bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Axillary brachial plexus block for perioperative analgesia in 250 children
Authors: Fisher W. J. , Bingham R. M. , Hall R. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryA cannula technique for axillary brachial plexus block in combination with general anaesthesia has been in use since 1994 for children undergoing surgical correction of congenital hand anomalies. During a 4‐year period data were collected on 250 procedures in 185 patients of median age 3 years detailing the block technique and the intraoperative and postoperative analgesic requirements. Fifteen patients (6%) required supplemental intravenous opioid intraoperatively and this is taken as a marker of failure of the block. Ninety‐five patients (38%) required postoperative codeine phosphate with a mean time to receiving codeine phosphate of 9 h. Postoperative pain was controlled in this series with oral analgesia in all but six patients who received parenteral codeine. It is proposed that a cannula technique is an effective and safe method of producing axillary brachial plexus block in children.
Alfentanil for intubation under halothane anaesthesia in children
Authors: Ng K.P. , Wang C.Y. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryIntubating conditions under halothane anaesthesia aided with alfentanil 20 μg·kg−1 were compared with suxamethonium 2 mg·kg−1 in 40 children presenting for day dental procedures. The condition of vocal cords, jaw relaxation and presence of movement and coughing were scored to give the overall intubating conditions. Successful intubation was achieved in 100% of the suxamethonium group and 94.7% of the alfentanil group. The cardiovascular response to intubation was attenuated in the alfentanil group. Some 43.7% of those receiving suxamethonium developed myalgia the day after surgery compared with 0% in the alfentanil group (P < 0.01).
Failed epidural anaesthesia in a patient with Hurler's disease
Authors: Vas Lakshmi , Naregal Falguni 
Published: March 2003

SummaryFailure of epidural anaesthesia in a patient with Hurler's disease is presented. The possibility that epidural anaesthesia may fail due to deposition of mucopolysaccharide in the meninges, or in the epidural space is discussed. A granuloma in the upper trachea and severe choanal stenosis complicated the already difficult airway management.
Continuous monitoring of oesophageal pH during general anaesthesia with laryngeal mask airway in children
Authors: Cebrián J. , Avellanal M. , Morales J.L. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryWe studied the incidence of gastro‐oesophageal reflux (GOR) during general anaesthesia with the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) in a paediatric population with two ventilatory regimes: spontaneous breathing and controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV). Thirty children between 6 months and 15 years, ASA I‐II, for routine surgery, were randomly assigned in two groups: spontaneous ventilation (n=14), and CMV (n=16). A pH probe was situated in the central third of the oesophagus. Some 66% of the patients breathing spontaneously had GOR episodes vs. 92% of the patients with CMV (P < 0,01). Reflux took place mainly after LMA removal (21% vs. 68%; P < 0,01) and in the Postanaesthetic Care Unit (PACU) (29% vs. 43%; P < 0,05). There was a high incidence of GOR during general anaesthesia and in the PACU in paediatric patients anaesthetized with the LMA. GOR episodes were significantly more evident in the CMV group, mainly after LMA removal, but without clinical significance.
Protein concentration in pulmonary oedema fluid for negative pressure pulmonary oedema in children
Authors: Devys J.M. , Cadi P. , Nivoche Y. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryWe report a case of acute pulmonary oedema following upper airway obstruction in a 1‐year‐old patient. We discuss the pathophysiology of this infrequent complication of upper airway obstruction and the interest of alveolar protein/blood protein ratio measurement to determine the mechanism of pulmonary oedema.
Dislodgement of bronchial foreign body during retrieval in children
Authors: Pawar Dilip K. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryForeign body aspiration is a leading cause of death in children aged less than 1 year. The removal of a foreign body poses a great challenge to the skill of the anaesthetist. Four cases are presented, analysing the part played by modes of respiration in the dislodgement of a bronchial foreign body during its retrieval.
The correlation of bispectral index with endtidal sevoflurane concentration and haemodynamic parameters in preschoolers
Authors: MCCANN Mary Ellen , Bacsik Julianne , Davidson Andrew , Auble Susan , Sullivan Lorna , Laussen Peter 
Published: March 2003

Summary Background: Bispectral index (BIS) is a signal processing device that potentially is a pharmacodynamic measure of the effects of anaesthesia on the central nervous system. Methods: In this prospective blinded study, we investigated the pharmacodynamic relationship between BIS, haemodynamic changes during anaesthesia and endtidal nonsteady state concentrations of sevoflurane in 30 children, mean age 3.3 ± 1.1 years, who were undergoing tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. A standardized anaesthetic technique was used and included induction and maintenance with sevoflurane, nitrous oxide and oxygen. BIS, heart rate, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and endtidal sevoflurane (ETsevo) concentrations were continuously recorded and specifically noted at the time of intubation, placement of Dingman gag, incision of adenoid, adenoid out, incision of tonsil, tonsil one out, tonsil two out, last agent off, first spontaneous movement, first eye opening and extubation. The anaesthetist was blinded to BIS throughout the procedure. Results: Using a Spearman correlation analysis, there was significant negative correlation between BIS and ETsevo concentrations (r=− 0.888, P < 0.01) and a pharmacodynamic relationship with EC50 (ETsevo at which BIS=50) of 1.48% (95% confidence interval 0.84–2.11). There was a weak negative correlation between sevoflurane and MAP (r=− 0.391, P < 0.01) but no significant correlation between sevoflurane and heart rate. Conclusions: In preschool children undergoing sevoflurane anaesthesia for tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy, endtidal sevoflurane concentrations are more closely correlated with BIS than with MAP or heart rate.
A comparison of two different doses of ketamine with midazolam and midazolam alone as oral preanaesthetic medication on recovery after sevoflurane anaesthesia in children
Authors: Trabold Benedikt , Rzepecki Angela , Sauer Kay , Hobbhahn Jonny 
Published: March 2003

Summary Background: This investigation prospectively evaluated the effect of oral premedication of two different doses of ketamine with midazolam and midazolam alone on the recovery of children after sevoflurane anaesthesia. Methods: In a randomized, double‐blind study, 79 children (aged 1–8 years, ASA physical status I or II) were assigned to receive one of three premedications in a volume of 0.5 ml·kg−1: group 1 received midazolam 0.5 mg·kg−1 (MD); group 2 received midazolam 0.5 mg·kg−1 with ketamine 1.8 mg·kg−1 (MK‐1); and group 3 received midazolam 0.5 mg·kg−1 with ketamine 3 mg·kg−1 (MK‐2). The reactions of the children during administration were noted. Anaesthesia was induced by facemask with incremental sevoflurane administration. All children received alfentanil (15 µg·kg−1). Tracheal intubation was facilitated by mivacurium (0.2 mg·kg−1). Anaesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane and an additional dose of alfentanil, if necessary. During recovery, the time interval between discontinuation of anaesthesia and arousal (spontaneous ventilation, extubation) were recorded. Results: Emergence (spontaneous ventilation, extubation) and recovery times (discharge, Aldrete score=9) did not differ significantly between groups (P=0.24, P=0.59 and P=0.145, respectively). Conclusions: The combination of midazolam and ketamine as oral preanaesthetic medication did not significantly affect the recovery time of children after sevoflurane anaesthesia.
A comparison of five techniques for detecting cardiac activity in infants
Authors: Inagawa Gaku , Morimura Naoto , Miwa Takaaki , Okuda Koji , Hirata Masako , Hiroki Koichi 
Published: March 2003

Summary Background: The new guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation recommend that laypersons should begin chest compressions without checking for a pulse because the pulse check has serious limitations in accuracy. We determined the efficacy of the most suitable method to search for cardiac activity in infants. Methods: Twenty‐eight nurses tried to detect infants' cardiac activity and determined their heart rates with five different techniques: palpation of brachial pulse, carotid pulse, femoral pulse, apical impulse and auscultation of apical impulse with the naked ear (direct auscultation technique). Results: The mean time interval required to find the pulse within 30 s in the auscultation, the apical, the brachial, the carotid and the femoral were 2.4 ± 1.2, 3.5 ± 2.7, 4.0 ± 2.7, 9.9 ± 7.0 and 9.1 ± 5.9 s, respectively. The required time was significantly shorter in the auscultation method than in the palpation of carotid and femoral pulses. The percentage and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of pulses identified within 10 s (= the number of the correct identified within 10 s/the number of all cases) in auscultation, apical, brachial, carotid and femoral palpations were 100.0% (95% CI 51.8, 100), 75.0% (95% CI 28.9, 89.3), 73.1% (95% CI 52.2, 88.4), 50.0% (95% CI 30.6, 69.4) and 42.9% (95% CI 24.5, 62.8), respectively. These values were greater in the auscultation method than in all the palpation methods. Conclusions: The direct auscultation technique was more rapid and accurate than any other techniques to determine cardiac activity without instruments. It is suggested that direct a auscultation technique is also superior to the palpation of brachial artery in cardiopulmonary resuscitation in infants.
The use of porcine small intestinal submucosa in ten cases of feline corneal disease
Authors: Featherstone Heidi J. , Sansom Jane , Heinrich Christine L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPorcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) was used as a novel graft material in the management of 10 cases of feline corneal disease. Five cases had stromal ulceration associated with trauma, ocular foreign body and/or suspected infection and required a grafting procedure. Five cases had feline sequestra that were managed by a keratectomy prior to placement of SIS as a graft material. Eight eyes healed with minimal corneal scarring with a very good cosmetic and visual result. One eye with continued aqueous leakage in the immediate postoperative period required a conjunctival pedicle graft to reinforce the SIS graft site. One eye required enucleation 48 h following grafting due to progressive keratomalacia but the SIS material remained intact.
Phylogeny and jaw evolution in Gnathostomulida, with a cladistic analysis of the genera
Authors: Sørensen Martin V. 
Published: March 2003

Sørensen, M. V. (2002). Phylogeny and jaw evolution in Gnathostomulida, with a cladistic analysis of the genera.— Zoologica Scripta,31, 461–480.The relationships between the genera in Gnathostomulida were investigated in a computerized cladistic analysis. The data matrix comprised 55 morphological characters of sensory structures, the reproductive systems, and the hard mouthparts. The cladistic analysis produced four almost identical most parsimonious trees. The four trees differed by having different topologies within the family Gnathostomulidae. Based on the obtained trees, the following was concluded: (1) Filospermoidea and Bursovaginoidea are both monophyletic; (2) Scleroperalia is paraphyletic; (3) all known families except Onychognathiidae (Sterrer 1972) are monophyletic; (4) Onychognathiidae emend. comprises the generaNanognathia, Onychognathia, Rastrognathia, Valvognathia and Vampyrognathia; (5) Paucidentulidae and Onychognathiidae emend. branch off in the lower part of Bursovaginoidea; (6) the following two clades are monophyletic and appear as sister groups: Problognathiidae−Gnathostomulidae−Austrognathiidae and Gnathostomariidae−Goannagnathia−Mesognathariidae−Clausognathiidae−Agnathiellidae. Based on the character optimization it was suggested that the gnathostomulid jaw evolved from a relatively simple ancestral jaw belonging to the compact type or the open lamellar type. The fused lamellar type evolved from the open lamellar type. The ancestral dentarium resembled the arc type and evolved along two different evolutionary paths into the basket type and the row type.
Semantic equivalence of the Nursing Phenomena Classification of ICNP®: Alpha Version in Brazilian Portuguese
Authors: Nóbrega M. M. Lima da , De Gutierrez M. G. Rivero 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis study presents the results obtained in the first phase of research carried out to adapt the Nursing Phenomena Classification of ICNP® Alpha to the Brazilian context. This phase intended to attain semantic equivalence of the terms of this classification through the use of the back‐translation technique, with some modifications. From the results obtained, it may be stated that the semantic adaptation of the classification attained a rate of agreement of 98% for the titles and the definitions of nursing phenomena. The 2% of terms that did not reach an acceptable rate of agreement are related to coping, in the following phenomena: coping; defensive coping; coping: disabling; ineffective coping specific: rape‐trauma, death, divorce; compromised health coping; and inadequate family coping. From this result, it may be concluded that the Nursing Phenomena Classification was translated in a semantically correct form.Readers can access the entire text of the ICNP® Beta Version by visiting http://www.icn.ch/icnpupdate.htm. Other information about the ICNP® and its development can be found at
http://www.icn.ch/icnp.htm.
A client‐centred model: discharge planning in Juvenile Justice Centres in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Jarvis L. A. , Beale B , Martin K 
Published: March 2003

AbstractHealth care delivered in Juvenile Justice Centres in New South Wales, Australia, leads to improvement in the health status of detainees while in custody but this declines on discharge and is contributed to by a breakdown in continuity of care. In an effort to halt this decline in health status, a model of interdisciplinary discharge planning is proposed to address the interface between Juvenile Justice Centres and adult correctional facilities and the community. Key features of the process are: collaboration through the development of links by establishment of a community liaison co‐ordinator position; open and continuous communication between service providers; continuous involvement of detainees and their significant others; and ongoing support to detainees once discharged. Evaluation of the discharge‐planning process ensures that the process is appropriate to meet the needs of this specific and diverse population of young people and supplies feedback to all service providers. The trusting relationship that is developed between detainees and registered nurses within centres leaves nurses ideally placed to co‐ordinate the discharge‐planning process.
Modern nursing and modern physics: does quantum theory contain useful insights for nursing practice and healthcare management?
Authors: Hastings John 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn recent years, a number of articles have appeared in the nursing literature proposing that the branch of modern physics known as quantum theory offers insights that may be useful in nursing practice and healthcare management. This paper critiques this literature in the light of key concepts in quantum theory. The conclusion is that quantum theory has been misunderstood and misapplied within the nursing journals. Quantum theory is essentially mathematical and is based on quantitative experimentation. To successfully apply this theory to nursing practice, nurses will have to equip themselves with the necessary mathematical and experimental skills.
Artificially damaged hairs: preparation and application for the study of preventive ingredients
Authors: Kon R. , Nakamura A. , Takeuchi K. 
Published: March 2003

SynopsisWe have developed a method for preparing artificially damaged hairs, similar to those generally observed in permed hair. Moreover, we have established two models of hair for testing preventive ingredients. A model for scale lift was prepared using alkaline protease digestion following lyophilization. A model for splitting, was prepared by successive extraction of the cortical protein, re‐oxidation, and lyophilization. The practical application of these models was confirmed through the evaluation of the preventive effect of a polymer or peptides.RésuméNous avons dévelopé une méthode pour préparer artificiellement des cheveux endommagés, qui étaient observés en générale pour les cheveux permanents. De plus, nous avons établi deux modèles de cheveux pour prévenir l'effet des éléments préventifs. Le premier, c'est le modèle de 'scale lift' qui a été preparé en utilisant Ia digestion de la protèse alcaline suivi par la lyophilisation. Le seconde, c'est le modèle de 'splitting' qui a été préparé en utilisant successivement l'extraction de la protéine corticale, la ré‐oxydation et la lyophilisation. La valeur pratique de ces modèle a été estimée par l'évaluation de l'effet préventif d'un polymère et des peptides.
The influence of a cream containing 20% glycerin and its vehicle on skin barrier properties
Authors: Lodén M , Wessman W 
Published: March 2003

Synopsis Glycerin is widely used in cosmetics and well as in pharmaceutical formulations, mainly as humectant. In vitro studies have shown glycerin to prevent crystallization of stratum corneum model lipid mixture at low room humidity. Whether this may affect the skin barrier function during repeated application of glycerin in a cream base to normal skin is not known. Therefore, the influence of a cream containing 20% glycerin was compared with its placebo cream in a bilateral, double‐blind study on 17 healthy volunteers. The effect was evaluated as influence on hydration with a corneometer and on skin barrier function. Skin barrier function was assessed as permeability to water with an evaporimeter (transepidermal water loss; TEWL) and as sensitivity to an irritating surfactant by measuring the biological response (measured as TEWL and skin blood flow).Ten days treatment of normal skin with 20% glycerin significantly increased skin corneometer values, indicating an increased hydration. However, our study failed to show an influence of glycerin on human skin, in terms of TEWL and skin sensitivity to SLS‐induced irritation. Résumé La glycérine est largement utilisée dans les formulations cosmétiques aussi bien que pharmaceutiques, principalement en tant qu’humectant. Des tests in vitro ont montré que la glycérine empèche la cristallization de la structure lipidique du Stratum Corneumà humidité ambiante basse. La question de savoir si ceci peut affecter la fonction barrière de la peau durant des applications répetées d’une crème pour peau normale contenant de la glycérine n’a pas été demontrée. Par conséquent, une crème contenant 20% de glycérine a été comparée avec son placebo dans un test bilatéral en double aveugle sur 17 volontaires en bonne santé. L’effet hydratant de la glycérine a étéévalué avec l’aide d’un cornéomètre, son influence sur la fonction barrière de la peau avec l’aide d’un évaporimètre (mesurant la Perte Trans‐Epidermal en eau) et son effet protecteur après irritation á l’aide d’un agent de surface par la réponse biologique de la peau (mesure de la PTEL et du flux sanguin).Dix jours de traitement sur une peau normale avec une crème contenant 20% de glycérine ont augmenté les mesures du cornéomètre de manière significative, indiquant une augmentation de l’hydration de la peau. Cependant notre étude n’a pas pu démontré l’influence de la glycérine sur la peau en terme de PTEL et la réduction du potentiel irritant du Sodium Lauryl Sulphate.
Identification and quantitative analysis of kojic acid and arbutine in skin‐whitening cosmetics
Authors: Masse M.‐O. , Duvallet V. , Borremans M. , Goeyens L. 
Published: March 2003

SynopsisAfter testing several chromatographic systems described in the literature, the optimal operating conditions were retained to develop a simple and rapid method grouping TLC and HPLC/UV for separation, identification and dosage of kojic acid (CAS RN 501‐30‐4) or arbutine (CAS RN 497‐76‐7) in skin‐whitening cosmetic products. The screening is carried out by TLC on cellulose plate and by TLC on silicagel plate with UV indicator and polar mobile solvent. Regarding identification and quantitative determination by HPLC/UV, the best results were obtained by direct phase chromatography, using a polar stationary phase greffed with diol groups and a polar buffered mobile phase at PH 2,5.Intralaboratory prevalidation tests were carried out on the HPLC method: detection limit, linearity and intralaboratory repeatability of standard curves and repeatability of samples quantitative determination.
Quantification of glycolic acid in cosmetic products using reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Couch L. H. , Howard P. C. 
Published: March 2003

SynopsisMany cosmetics contain keratolytic hydroxy acids to correct the effects of photoageing on human skin. Although methods exist for quantifying the α‐hydroxy acid, glycolic acid in aqueous media, accurate methods for quantification in mixed hydrophobic and aqueous cosmetic creams and lotions are lacking. Glycolic acid was extracted from cosmetics using aqueous tetrahydrofuran (THF), separated with strong‐anion exchange cartridges, and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV–VIS detection without the paired‐ion reagents. In a recovery experiment, the mean accuracy of the method was 100.6%. The dynamic range of the method allows for the detection of glycolic acid at concentrations used in over‐the‐counter cosmetics.
HAPPY mapping in a plant genome: reconstruction and analysis of a high‐resolution physical map of a 1.9 Mbp region ofArabidopsis thalianachromosome 4
Authors: Thangavelu Madan , James Allan B. , Bankier Alan , Bryan Glenn J. , Dear Paul H. , Waugh Robbie 
Published: March 2003

SummaryHAPPY mapping is anin vitroapproach for defining the order and spacing of DNA markers directly on native genomic DNA. This cloning‐free technique is based on analysing the segregation of markers amplified from high molecular weight genomic DNA which has been broken randomly and ‘segregated’ by limiting dilution into subhaploid samples. It is a uniquely versatile tool, allowing for the construction of genome maps with flexible ranges and resolutions. Moreover, it is applicable to plant genomes, for which many of the techniques pioneered in animal genomes are inapplicable or inappropriate. We report here its demonstration in a plant genome by reconstructing the physical map of a 1.9 Mbp region around the FCA locus ofArabidopsis thaliana.The resulting map, spanning around 10% of chromosome 4, is in excellent agreement with the DNA sequence and has a mean marker spacing of 16 kbp. We argue that HAPPY maps of any required resolution can be made immediately and with relatively little effort for most plant species and, furthermore, that such maps can greatly aid the construction of regional or genome‐wide physical maps.