bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ МОДЕЛІ ЗГОРЯННЯ ПАЛИВА ДИЗЕЛЬНОГО ДВИГУНА ПРИ ЗАСТОСУВАННІ ЇЇ В ЦИФРОВОМУ ДВІЙНИКУ
Authors: Minchev D.S. , Varbanets R.A. , Zalozh V.I. , Ahieiev M.S. , Psariuk S.P. 
Published: February 2024

Застосування цифрових двійників є перспективним рішенням для підвищення ефективності роботи суднових енергетичних установок, зокрема їхніх важливих компонентів – суднових двигунів внутрішнього згоряння (ДВЗ). Цифровий двійник, який реалізується на зовнішньому сервері, або як складова частина локальної системи моніторингу двигуна, використовується для автоматичної обробки даних із сенсорів, які встановлені на двигуні, накопичення статистики, визначення поточного технічного стану двигуна, ефективності його застосування, ідентифікації можливих несправностей і ухвалення рішень щодо змін у програмах експлуатації. Ключовим елементом цифрового двійника є математична модель робочого циклу суднового дизеля. У роботі розглядається окреме питання застосування цифрових двійників, що застосовуються для моніторингу технічного стану та діагностики несправностей суднових двигунів внутрішнього згоряння, а саме проблема синтезу характеристик тепловиділення в циліндрі двигуна. Мета роботи – удосконалення моделі згоряння палива, яка застосовується для синтезу характеристик тепловиділення, завдяки врахуванню змінного середнього діаметра крапель паливного факела протягом процесу впорскування, адже відомо, що на початку та наприкінці процесу впорскування спостерігається погіршення умов розпилювання пального. Результати. У результаті виконання досліджень з’ясований механізм впливу значення середнього діаметра розпилу на взаємопов’язані процеси випаровування та вигоряння палива; показано, що врахування змінного характеру тонкості розпилу протягом процесу впорскування суттєво впливає як на перебіг процесів тепловиділення, так і на утворення шкідливих речовин. Висновки. Отже, урахування змінного значення середнього діаметра крапель палива протягом процесу впорскування дозволяє більш точно відобразити реальні процеси у двигуні, збільшити можливості налаштування й адаптування цифрового двійника. Водночас використання повною мірою отриманих додаткових можливостей моделі потребує оцінки або вимірювання характеристик впорскування палива під час роботи двигуна, вирішення цього завдання становить перспективу майбутніх досліджень.
АНАЛІЗ ВПЛИВУ ГРАНИЧНИХ РІВНІВ ВІБРАЦІЇ НА ЗАЛИШКОВИЙ РЕСУРС СУДНОВИХ МАШИН І МЕХАНІЗМІВ
Authors: Sviridov V.I. , Andreiev A.A. , Andrieiev A.A. 
Published: February 2024

Вступ. Висока ефективність переходу на систему обслуговування суднового технологічного обладнання за фактичним станом базується не лише на скороченні термінів і витрат на технічне обслуговування, але й на виключенні необґрунтованих ремонтів. Це приводить до підвищення надійності машинних агрегатів. Переведення кораблів Військово-морських сил України на технічне обслуговування та ремонт за їх поточним станом передбачає наявність на борту діагностичного забезпечення для різних машин і механізмів корабля. Мета. Теоретично обґрунтувати й експериментально перевірити граничні рівні вібрації корабельних машин і механізмів з роторами, що обертаються. Реалізація цієї мети передбачає вирішення завдання знаходження зв’язку між граничними рівнями вібрації та «втомою» підшипників для корабельних машин і механізмів з роторами, що обертаються, і підшипниками кочення з ресурсом у 10–12 тисяч годин. Результати. Запропоновано метод вібродіагностування насосного агрегату, який не потребує інформації про норми вібрації, їхні тактико-технічні дані, стан агрегату на час проведення діагностування, поширюється, як показали проведені дослідження, на всі типи насосів з електроприводом. Вібраційні обстеження корабельних машин і механізмів, проведені авторами протягом 10 років, а також результати аналізу даних інших авторів дозволяють стверджувати, що у процесі експлуатації корабельних машин і механізмів доцільно проводити вібраційні обстеження та, у разі необхідності, підбалансування роторів як мінімум раз на 2–3 місяці. Робота корабельних насосних агрегатів супроводжується вібрацією, що негативно позначається на ресурсі їхньої роботи. Найбільш навантаженим (з механічного погляду) є підшипникові вузли, які зазвичай визначають ресурс роботи корабельних машин і механізмів. Висновки. Даний підхід дозволяє розробляти прості діагностичні пристрої, що складаються із двох або трьох канальних аналізаторів спектра, арифметичного блока для обчислення та блока сигналізації, а також блока аналізу, у якому проводитиметься автоматична ідентифікація частот вібрації та постановка діагнозу. Для практичного обґрунтування граничних рівнів вібрацій різних корабельних машин і механізмів була розроблена спеціальна залежність. Запропонована методика визначення залишкового ресурсу корабельних машин і механізмів в експлуатаційних умовах. Перспективним продовженням у цьому напрямі є деталізація розрахунку норм вібрації для різних типів корабельних машин і механізмів, розроблення методик розрахунку та прогнозування залишкового ресурсу, приладова реалізація даного підходу.
The Untapped Potential of Narrative as a Tool in Aviation Mental Health and Certification
Authors: Hoffman William R. , McNeil Matthew , Tvaryanas Anthony 
Published: February 2024

INTRODUCTION: Work-related stress is common in pilots, with broad implications, including the potential development of mental health symptoms and sometimes even psychiatric disease. This commentary argues for the use of narrative as a tool to promote preventive health behaviors in pilots and combat misinformation about aeromedical certification related to mental health.
Hoffman WR, McNeil M, Tvaryanas A. The untapped potential of narrative as a tool in aviation mental health and certification. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(3):165–166.
Handheld Sonographic Cardiovascular Imaging Under Hypergravity Conditions
Authors: Blue Rebecca S. , Ong Karen M. 
Published: February 2024

INTRODUCTION: Real-time cardiovascular imaging during hypergravity exposure has been historically limited by technological and physical challenges. Previous efforts at sonographic hypergravity imaging have used fixed ultrasound probes; the use of hand-held ultrasound, particularly performed by minimally trained laypersons, has been less explored. Here we will discuss handheld sonography to self-visualize carotid vascular and cardiac changes during hypergravity.
METHODS: Three subjects with variable ultrasound experience ranging from no familiarity to extensive clinical experience used handheld ultrasound at rest and under stepwise +Gz hypergravity exposures (maximum +3.5 Gz) to visualize carotid vascular changes. Subxiphoid cardiac ultrasound was obtained by the most experienced subject. Subjects had variable prior hypergravity experience; all were trained in anti-G straining techniques. Sonographically inexperienced subjects underwent a brief (< 5 min) familiarization with the ultrasound probe, user interface, and desirable viewing window immediately prior to centrifugation; real-time coaching was provided. Ultrasound images were correlated to self-reported symptoms and hemodynamic data.
RESULTS: Handheld ultrasound performed as desired; all subjects were successful at obtaining ultrasound images with adequate capture of windows of interest. Subxiphoid imaging efforts were limited by probe overheating and associated with variable quality of imaging due to probe displacement from straining techniques; the subject noted transient, mild discomfort and ecchymosis after imaging in the subxiphoid region.
DISCUSSION: Even individuals with minimal or no ultrasound experience successfully obtained usable images under centrifuge conditions. While there were some limitations, this technical demonstration provides initial validation of handheld sonography as an available tool for real-time cardiovascular imaging in a hypergravity environment.
Blue RS, Ong KM. Handheld sonographic cardiovascular imaging under hypergravity conditions. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(3):158–164.
Response of Wheat Crop to Various Foliar Applications of Nitrogen, Zinc and Boron Fertilizers
Authors: Kaleri Asif Ali , Khushk Ghulam Mujtaba , Jogi Qamarddin , Lund Muhammad Mithal , Magsi Manzoor Hussain , Baloch Nazia , Manzoor Danish , Magsi Murad Ali , Kaleri Ghulam Sajjad , Rajput Aatif Ali , Pathan Nisar Fatima , Laghari Rabia 
Published: February 2024

The field experiment was carried out at the students’ experimental farm Department of Agronomy at SAU Tando Jam.Our study results showed that growth and yield components of wheat Varity kiran-95 were significantly differences, extreme plant height (96.60cm), tillers (331.00 m-2), spike length (11.79 cm), grains per spike(48.00), weight of grain per spike- (2.52 g), seed index (1000-grain weight) (47.90 g), biological yield (11950 Kg ha-1) , grain yield ( 5775 Kg ha-1) and harvest index (49. 82) was observed under T9 = 2000 g ha-1 followed by plant height (93.15 cm), tillers (312.00 m-2), spike length (11.64 cm), grains spike-1 (56.00), weight of grain spike-1 (2.08 g), seed index (1000-grain weight, 47.58 g), biological yield (11818 Kg ha-1), grain yield (5514 Kg ha-1) and harvest index (48.33% ) were noted under T7 = 1500g ha-1 Whereas, the least plant height (73.80 cm), tillers (248.00 m-2), spike length (9.08 cm), grains spike-1 (31.88 ), weight of grain spike-1 (1.45 g), seed index (1000-grain weight, 33.01 g), biological yield (11950Kg ha-1), grain yield (3022 Kg ha-1) and harvest index (41.81%) was recorded in T1 = (Control No fertilizer).
Reconstruction of the human nipple–areolar complex: a tissue engineering approach
Authors: Maistriaux Louis , Foulon Vincent , Fievé Lies , Xhema Daela , Evrard Robin , Manon Julie , Coyette Maude , Bouzin Caroline , Poumay Yves , Gianello Pierre , Behets Catherine , Lengelé Benoît 
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Nipple–areolar complex (NAC) reconstruction after breast cancer surgery is challenging and does not always provide optimal long-term esthetic results. Therefore, generating a NAC using tissue engineering techniques, such as a decellularization–recellularization process, is an alternative option to recreate a specific 3D NAC morphological unit, which is then covered with an in vitro regenerated epidermis and, thereafter, skin-grafted on the reconstructed breast.Materials and methods: Human NACs were harvested from cadaveric donors and decellularized using sequential detergent baths. Cellular clearance and extracellular matrix (ECM) preservation were analyzed by histology, as well as by DNA, ECM proteins, growth factors, and residual sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) quantification. In vivo biocompatibility was evaluated 30 days after the subcutaneous implantation of native and decellularized human NACs in rats. In vitro scaffold cytocompatibility was assessed by static seeding of human fibroblasts on their hypodermal side for 7 days, while human keratinocytes were seeded on the scaffold epidermal side for 10 days by using the reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) technique to investigate the regeneration of a new epidermis.Results: The decellularized NAC showed a preserved 3D morphology and appeared white. After decellularization, a DNA reduction of 98.3% and the absence of nuclear and HLA staining in histological sections confirmed complete cellular clearance. The ECM architecture and main ECM proteins were preserved, associated with the detection and decrease in growth factors, while a very low amount of residual SDS was detected after decellularization. The decellularized scaffolds were in vivo biocompatible, fully revascularized, and did not induce the production of rat anti-human antibodies after 30 days of subcutaneous implantation. Scaffold in vitro cytocompatibility was confirmed by the increasing proliferation of seeded human fibroblasts during 7 days of culture, associated with a high number of living cells and a similar viability compared to the control cells after 7 days of static culture. Moreover, the RHE technique allowed us to recreate a keratinized pluristratified epithelium after 10 days of culture.Conclusion: Tissue engineering allowed us to create an acellular and biocompatible NAC with a preserved morphology, microarchitecture, and matrix proteins while maintaining their cell growth potential and ability to regenerate the skin epidermis. Thus, tissue engineering could provide a novel alternative to personalized and natural NAC reconstruction.
Integrating microalgae-based wastewater treatment, biostimulant production, and hydroponic cultivation: a sustainable approach to water management and crop production
Authors: Morillas-España Ainoa , Pérez-Crespo Raúl , Villaró-Cos Silvia , Rodríguez-Chikri Laura , Lafarga Tomas 
Published: February 2024

A natural appearing microalgae-bacteria consortium was used to process urban wastewater. The process was done in an 80 m2 raceway reactor and the results were compared to an identical reactor operated using freshwater supplemented with commercial fertilisers. The biomass harvesting was done using commercial ultrafiltration membranes to reduce the volume of culture centrifuged. The membrane allowed achieving a biomass concentration of ∼9–10 g L−1. The process proposed avoids the use of centrifuges and the drying of the biomass, two of the most energy consuming steps of conventional processes. The specific growth rate in freshwater and the wastewater-based media was estimated as 0.30 ± 0.05 and 0.24 ± 0.02 days−1, respectively (p &lt; 0.05). The maximum concentration reached at the end of the batch phase was 0.96 ± 0.03 and 0.83 ± 0.07 g L−1 when the biomass was produced using freshwater and wastewater, respectively (p &lt; 0.05). The total nitrogen removal capacity of the system was on average 1.35 g m−2·day−1; nitrogen assimilation into biomass represented 60%–95% of this value. Furthermore, the P-PO43− removal capacity of the system varied from 0.15 to 0.68 g m−2·day−1. The outlet effluent of the reactor was used as a nutrient source in the hydroponic production of zucchini seedlings, leading to an increase in the root dry weight and the stem diameter compared to the water alone. The produced biomass showed potential for use as feedstock to produce plant biostimulants with positive effects on root development and chlorophyll retention.
Retain or remove? Decision-making of rural industrial park redevelopment in Nanhai District, China
Authors: Liu Zhuojun , Fang Hongjia , Xu Shanshan , Wu Yilin , Wen Keyin , Shen Zitong , Wang Hongmei 
Published: February 2024

Introduction: In both of China and other industrializing countries, improving the efficiency of degraded industrial land use will help control urban sprawl brought about by rapid urbanization. The redevelopment of industrial parks in the countryside is becoming a starting point for phasing out high-polluting industries and an important source of land supply for high-end and green industries. The objective of this paper is to identify how the local state of China determines the necessity for the demolition of rural industrial parks (RIPs) and how this process reflects the underlying decision-making mechanisms.Methodology: This paper carries out descriptive spatial analysis by combining the economic and social development cross-sectional data in 2019 and extracts data from the Baidu Map to calculate the traffic network density. Cluster analysis is also used to group the RIPs according to their data characteristics. In order to provide an in-depth discussion of the cases, the authors also overlay the results of the spatial and cluster analyses.Results: The spatial distribution of RIPs is closely related to their location and transportation conditions. Failure of the market has resulted in large tracts of advantageous land being taken up by inefficient industrial parks. Cluster analysis and overlay analysis have evaluated the difficulty of redevelopment and divided the industrial parks into three clusters: retained RIPs, medium-term removed RIPs, and near-term-removed RIPs. The authors put forward that different strategies should be adopted for the future renovation of medium-term-removed and near-term-removed RIPs.Discussion: This paper argues that proper categorization is the beginning of feasible RIP redevelopment. Local governments should resist the temptation of short-term land transfer revenues to achieve long-term growth. The significant differences in concerns between the grassroots and the higher levels of government also require that the effects of bottom-up influence and top-down intervention should be balanced.
Putative molecular markers of Plasmodium falciparum resistance to antimalarial drugs in malaria parasites from Ghana
Authors: Matrevi Sena Adzoa , Adams Tryphena , Tandoh Kwesi Zandoh , Opoku-Agyeman Philip , Bruku Selassie , Ennuson Nana Aba , Apau-Danso Paa Kwesi , Fiagbedzi Emmanuel , Avornyo Mary , Myers Charles James , Futagbi Joy , Hagan Oheneba Charles , Abuaku Benjamin , Koram Kwadwo Ansah , Awandare Gordon , Quashie Neils Ben , Duah-Quashie Nancy Odurowah 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionAntimalarial drugs including artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) regimens and sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) are used in Ghana for malaria therapeutics and prophylaxis respectively. The genetic basis of Plasmodium falciparum development of drug resistance involves single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes encoding proteins for multiple cellular and metabolic processes. The prevalence of single nucleotide polymorphisms in nine P. falciparum genes linked to ACT and SP resistance in the malaria parasite population was determined.MethodsArchived filter paper blood blot samples from patients aged 9 years and below with uncomplicated malaria reporting at 10 sentinel sites located in three ecological zones for the Malaria Therapeutic Efficacy Studies were used. The samples used were collected from 2007-2018 malaria transmission seasons and mutations in the genes were detected using PCR and Sanger sequencing.ResultsIn all 1,142 samples were used for the study. For falcipain-2 gene (pffp2), Sanger sequencing was successful for 872 samples and were further analysed. The prevalence of the mutants was 45% (392/872) with pffp2 markers V51I and S59F occurring in 15.0% (128/872) and 3.0% (26/872) of the samples respectively. Prevalence of other P. falciparum gene mutations: coronin (pfcoronin) was 44.8% (37/90); cysteine desulfurase (pfnfs) was 73.9% (68/92); apicoplast ribosomal protein S10 (pfarps10) was 36.8% (35/95); ferredoxin (pffd) was 8.8% (8/91); multidrug resistance protein-1 (pfmrp1) was 95.2.0% (80/84); multidrug resistance protein-2 (pfmrp2) was 91.4% (32/35); dihydrofolate reductase (pfdhfr) was 99.0% (84/85); dihydropteroate synthase (pfdhps) was 72% (68/95).DiscussionThe observation of numerous mutations in these genes of interest in the Ghanaian isolates, some of which have been implicated in delayed parasite clearance is of great interest. The presence of these genotypes may account for the decline in the efficacies of ACT regimens being used to treat uncomplicated malaria in the country. The need for continuous monitoring of these genetic markers to give first-hand information on parasite susceptibility to antimalarial drugs to inform policy makers and stakeholders in malaria elimination in the country is further discussed.
Non-perennial rivers and streams in extreme hydrological conditions—comparing the effectiveness of amplicon sequencing and digital microscopy for diatom biodiversity appraisal
Authors: Burfeid-Castellanos Andrea M. , Mones Phillip , Dani Mimoza , Beszteri Bánk 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionNon-perennial rivers and streams are increasingly present, in part because of climate change, even in the temperate climate. However, how the loss of connectivity and complete drying affect microphytobenthos in general and diatom communities in particular has gone mostly unstudied. MethodsWith this paper, we aim to close this gap, identifying diatom biodiversity through manual digital microscopy and rbcL amplicon sequencing, to observe a) which method is better suited to it and b) how the ecotone flow-pool-dry affects diatom diversity under duress. Three karstic, non-perennial rivers and streams with a gradient from natural to anthropogenically disturbed were sampled under flooding conditions and after a long and intense drought in 2022.ResultsOur results show that digital microscopy shows a higher diversity and species richness than amplicon sequencing. We posit that this might be due to a reduced pool of subaerophile taxa having been sequenced and being part of the reference database. Furthermore, the effect of drying only resulted in a reduction in diversity after this drought, although the biofilm was still alive under these conditions. DiscussionTo use amplicon sequencing for non-perennial river diatom diversity monitoring, the reference databases will have to be adapted to such systems, as most rivers may be subjected to drying regularly in the future.
Sponges on shifting reefs: holobionts show similar molecular and physiological responses to coral versus macroalgal food
Authors: Campana Sara , Arts Milou G. I. , Díez-Vives Cristina , Mueller Benjamin , Bang Corinna , Riesgo Ana , Haas Andreas F. , Muyzer Gerard , de Goeij Jasper M. 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionMany coral reefs witness an ongoing coral-to-algae phase shift. Corals and algae release large quantities of (in)organic nutrients daily, of which a large part is utilized by sponges. In turn, sponges are important cyclers of precious resources to other inhabitants on reefs residing in oligotrophic waters. Here, we investigated whether sponge holobionts (i.e., host and prokaryotic symbionts) adapt their physiology to food released by coral- versus macroalgae.MethodsThereto, two sponge species, Plakortis angulospiculatus and Halisarca caerulea (high and low microbial abundance, respectively), were continuously exposed for 12 days to coral and macroalgal exudates in running seawater aquaria. Transcript expression of host and prokaryotic symbionts, changes in prokaryotic community composition, and holobiont physiological responses (i.e., respiratory demand, fluxes of carbon and nitrogen) were investigated after coral- versus macroalgae dominated treatments and compared to a seawater only control treatment.ResultsIn both sponge holobionts differential transcript expression between the coral and macroalgae treatments was very low (&lt;0.01% of total transcripts). Differential expression was found in genes targeting cellular signaling pathways, e.g., cell proliferation (upregulated in coral treatment), and immune response (upregulated in macroalgal treatment). The sponge-associated prokaryotic community composition and sponge physiological responses were similar in all treatments, yet differed significantly between the two species.DiscussionAfter 12 days of exposure sponges appear to opportunistically feed on different food sources without having to adjust their metabolic pathways or associated prokaryotic communities. This suggests that sponges could be well-adapted to predicted changes in food source availability due to coral-to-algal phase shifts on many coral reefs.