bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unveiling the Optimal Approach for Credit Card Fraud Detection: A Thorough Analysis of Deep Learning and Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Fatima Ubaida , Kiran Sadia , Akhter Muhammad Fouzan , Kumail Muhammad , Sohail Jaweria 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
To identify credit card fraud, this study looked at three kind of datasets with various data manipulations, machine learning algorithms, and cross-validation techniques. In both simulated and real datasets, the Random Forest Classifier with Repeated K-Fold Cross-Validation consistently outperformed competing models. Although deep learning algorithms were investigated, the Random Forest Classifier continued to be the best option. A hybrid model of the Random Forest Classifier and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) was also unable to outperform the Random Forest Classifier on its own. Thus this study suggests the Random Forest Classifier with Repeated K-Fold Cross-Validation as the robust reliable method for detecting credit card fraud in balanced considered datasets, providing useful insights for enhancing security precautions and financial system defense against various banking sector frauds.
Tuning Performance: Strain Modulation of GaAs Layers Grown on Meso-Porous Silicon Substrates
Authors: Saidi A. , Zeydi Imen , Alouane M. H. Hadj , Bouabdellaoui M. , Sfaxi L. , Berbezier I. , Mghaieth R. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

We report a systematic investigation of 0.5 µm GaAs grown on compliant porous silicon substrates (PSi) elaborated by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE); The study encompasses monolayers (PSs) and multilayers (PSMLs) with an intermediate SiGe buffer. Various methodologies were studied to achieve a stress-modulated GaAs through lattice engineering templates. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) and High-Resolution X-Ray Diffraction (HR-XRD), together, were the used tools to scrutinize the impact of the window porous layer and the gradual porous stack sets on the GaAs topology and its strain states. The Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) results unveiled a Ge interdiffusion in the porous matrix, which consequently influenced the initial state of GaAs nucleation; thereby affecting its modulation. Regarding lamellar twins observed in PSML2, a substantial force was applied by the HPLs stacks on the window layer. The photoluminescence (PL) results indicated a gradual redshift in the GaAs Band-to-Band (BB) peak, confirming the strain state observed by HR-XRD. An in-situ annealing, at 680°C, resulted in a respective decrease in the full width at half maximum (FWHM) (658.68 arc s).
Physical Activity and College Students＇Subjective Well-being: The Mediating Roles of Basic Psychological Needs and Self-Efficacy
Authors: zhou nairun 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background and objective: Subjective well-being stands as a pivotal and comprehensive psychological indicator reflecting an individual's quality of life, often intertwined with physical activity. However, the intricate mechanisms through which physical activity influences an individual's subjective well-being remain less explored. Currently, scant research delves into the impact of physical activity on subjective well-being concerning cardiac dimensions such as basic psychological needs and self-efficacy. Consequently, this study aims to investigate the influence of physical activity on the subjective well-being of college students, examining the chain-mediated effects of basic psychological needs and self-efficacy.
Methods: A total of 389 college students participated in this study, and data collection involved utilizing the Physical Activity Rating Scale, Subjective Well-Being Scale, Basic Psychological Needs Scale, and Self-Efficacy Scale. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 24.0 to explore the chain mediating roles of basic psychological needs and self-efficacy in the effects of physical activity on college students' subjective well-being.
Results: The findings revealed a significant positive correlation among physical activity, subjective well-being, basic psychological needs, and self-efficacy. Notably, physical activity influences college students' subjective well-being through the mediating roles of basic psychological needs and self-efficacy, with each playing a chain mediating role independently.
Conclusion: Basic psychological needs and self-efficacy as integral chain mediators in elucidating the effects of physical activity on the subjective well-being of college students.
Does Ramadan Fasting Affect Cardiac Functions In Patients Followed With Coronary Artery Disease?
Authors: Demir Ömer Furkan , Levent Fatih , Erkoç Enes İsmet 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Aims:
Ramadan fasting (RF) can affect the health status of patients with cardiovascular disease or risk factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate echocardiographic functions according to RF status in patients being followed up for clinically present coronary artery disease.
Methods
This single-centre, cross-sectional study included 49 patients who were being followed up with a diagnosis of coronary artery disease and had undergone stent placement at least 1 year previously. The patients were separated into 2 groups as those who were fasting during the month of Ramadan (RF (+), n = 24) and those who were not (RF (-), n = 25). Detailed echocardiographic evaluations were made. Analyses of the study data were performed using MedCalc software.
Results
The demographic and echocardiographic characteristics of the patients in both groups were similar at the start of the study. When all the patients were evaluated together, there were seen to be no significant changes in the echocardiographic diameter measurements, tissue doppler evaluations, tei index values, and global longitudinal strain values throughout the fasting month. When the fasting and non-fasting groups were compared separately, a statistically significant decrease was determined in the tei index value in the RF (+) group after 1 month of fasting (0.44 ± 0.14 vs. 0.40 ± 0.12) (p:0.025).
Conclusions
In this study, the effects of RF on cardiac functions were investigated in patients with coronary artery disease and a previous stent procedure. The results of the echocardiograph evaluation after one month of fasting showed a statistically significant decrease in the Tei index in the patient group fasting for Ramadan. This finding demonstrated positive effects of RF on cardiac functions.
The Effectiveness of Inflammatory Indexes in Assessing Oropharyngeal Cancer Prognosis
Authors: Jang Wooyoung , Zeitouni Jad F. , Nguyen Daniel K. , Mohiuddin Ismail S. , Ward Haven , Satheeshkumar Anu , Dundar Yusuf 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Inflammation has long been a key tenet in the diagnosis and management of malignancies, likely contributing to cancer incidence, staging, and progression. Systemic inflammation, in particular, is often elevated prior to and during cancer development. Systemic inflammation in the context of cancer diagnosis and monitoring is measured by various inflammatory indexes such as Systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), plasma-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune inflammation index (SII), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). We set out to determine the relationship between pre and posttreatment levels of these inflammatory indexes and the prognosis and outcomes of oropharyngeal cancer (OPC).
Methods
A retrospective chart review was performed of 172 patients with OPC who underwent treatment for oropharyngeal cancer at University Medical Center between May 2013 to May 2023. Sites of primary cancer were obtained through chart review. HPV infection status and differentiation of the tumor were noted for each patient. Treatment modalities were classified as surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, or concurrent chemotherapy and radiation. Treatment outcomes were classified based on recurrence and death secondary to disease. The relationships between treatment outcome and the described inflammatory indexes were evaluated. Appropriate parametric tests were selected based on the large number of variables.
Results
Pretreatment SIRI and Albumin levels were positively predictive in determining locoregional recurrence (p = .031 and p = .039). NLR, SII, and SIRI levels taken at three months post-treatment were also found to be positively predictive of locoregional recurrence (p = .005, p > .0005, and p = .007). SIRI taken at six months post-treatment was also found to be positively predictive of locoregional recurrence (p = .008). SII at six months post-treatment was found to be positively predictive of survival (p = .027).
Conclusions
This study suggested that post-treatment levels of several inflammatory indexes, particularly SIRI, NLR, and SII, may be useful in determining the long-term outlook and recurrence of head and neck cancer following treatment.
Reinforcement Learning in Deep Spiking Neural Networks with Eligibility Traces and Modifying the Threshold Parameter
Authors: Aghabarar Hedyeh , Keshavarzi Parviz , Kiani Kourosh 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Desirable features of Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) such as biological plausibility, event-based information processing, and energy efficiency have led to their widespread application in various machine learning domains in recent years. The reinforcement learning, inspired by the human visual system, has also gained popularity recently. This paper proposed reinforcement learning in a deep SNN which presents the idea of using eligibility traces to apply reward signals. We also focus on a locally connected SNN that uses a reinforcement learning based on Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity (STDP) called R-STDP for pattern learning. Locally connected networks, exhibit a closer resemblance to the biological visual system by extracting key topological features of the image. By introducing this idea and modifying several intrinsic parameters of spiking neurons (adjusting the voltage threshold, as well as the membrane time constant), the model achieves an 87.84% accuracy on MNIST dataset, showing significant improvement compared to the previous similar model.
Concentration-Dependent Investigation of the Inhibition of Bromelain Mediated Protein Hydrolysis on Egg Albumen through Coffea arabica
Authors: Leybourne Chani-Brynn 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The implications of caffeinated beverages on human health has been widely debated. In a population that consumes an average of 250 mg of caffeine daily, investigation of health concerns is of high importance. Analysis of five variations of Coffea arabica concentration was conducted on the hydrolysis of egg albumen by the proteolytic enzyme bromelain, over 15 minutes. The results suggest a statistically significant difference (p < < 0.05) in the rate of hydrolysis as a product of the concentration of Coffea arabica in the experimental solution. Findings of this exploration on the sensitivity of protein hydrolysis to C. arabica suggest greater comprehension of the inhibitory nature of Coffea arabica on enzymatic digestion, which may play an important role in medical advancements to support absorption of amino acids into the bloodstream, extending to promoting healthy lifestyles. The research under exploration discusses how variations in the concentration of instant coffee affect the rate of protein digestion of egg albumin using bromelain.
Gender differences in attention bias in ADHD children’s cancellation testing: An eye movement tracking study
Authors: Bao Mengyi , Ying Yingchao , Ye Jia , Hu Yiting , Yao Lin , Li Wenyu , Jiang Kewen 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, with many gender differences, including attention dimensions. However, the gender differences in eye movements of different attention dimensions and the affecting factors in children with ADHD are still elusive. We enrolled 311 ADHD children who were initially diagnosed and used the combination of computer cancellation test and eye tracking (ET) to examined the eye movement patterns in different attention dimensions and its correlating factors and gender differences in ADHD children. We found that male ADHD children have more severe attention arousal deficits, and careless explorations of the target than females. There are significant gender differences in eye movement in children with ADHD, which are corelated to factors of attention dimensions and the executive function. Moreover, the integration of ET with attention cancellation tests produced a high AUC (1.000) value for identifying ADHD, and a high AUC (0.899) value for identifying ADHD genders. The results indicate that ET during cancellation tests can improve the identification of ADHD, and can effectively identify ADHD genders, which will help improve the clinical diagnosis and intervention of ADHD in different genders.
External validation of a prognostic model for one-year survival after fragility hip fracture: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Fu Hairui , Li Feixiong , Wei Fangfang , Qu Weihan , Wu Dou , Liang Bin , Zhang Xuan , Liu Qiang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To scientifically manage fragility hip fracture patients, we have developed a survival prediction model for predicting 1-year survival after fragility hip fracture (SFHF). This study aims to validate the model.
Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study conducted in the orthopaedics department at a regional medical centre in central China. Fragility hip fracture patients who were consecutively admitted to the orthopaedics department from January 2016 to October 31, 2021. We evaluated the performance of an SFHF model (including the full model and the simplified model) from the following three aspects: (1) Discrimination. We presented the concordance (c) index of the model, including Harrell's c-index and Uno's c-value. Overall performance was measured using Nagelkerke R2 values. (2) Calibration. The calibration plot method was used to evaluate the calibration of the model. (3) Decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to judge whether the model had clinical value in the validation population.
Results
A total of 877 (≥ 50 years) (out of 1132) eligible fragility hip fracture patients were included in this study. Among them, 47 patients were lost to follow-up. Among the patients who were successfully followed up, 87 died within 1 year of the fracture. After applying simple imputation to deal with missing values, the final effective sample size was 93 cases. The 1-year mortality rate after fracture was 10.6%. The Harrell’s c-index values of the full and simple SFHF models were 0.764 (standard error, 0.024) and 0.763 (0.024), respectively. Uno’s c-values were 0.765 (0.024) and 0.763 (0.024), respectively. The Nagelkerke R2 values were 0.144 and 0.144, respectively. The calibration plot showed that the model had good calibration between predicted and actual values. DCA showed that the model was clinically useful within a threshold range of risk of death of 0.03–0.38.
Conclusion
Our study preliminarily confirmed that the SFHF model has good accuracy and generalizability in predicting the one-year survival rate of fragility hip fracture patients, and that it has good clinical value. This predictive model may be considered for clinical practice.
Rapid assessment of flood inundation due to tropical cyclones in part of Sundarbans in Google Earth Engine environment
Authors: Biswas Biplab , Remesan Renji , Tiwari Manoj K. , Ghosh Surajit 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Coastal West Bengal (especially Sundarbans) has been facing frequent tropical cyclones in recent years, causing enormous losses in agriculture and other resources. Amphan (20 May 2020) and Yaas (26 May 2021) are the two most significant cyclonic events in recent years. In the present study, we analyzed flooding conditions due to Amphan and Yaas in South 24 Parganas - a significant part of Indian Sundarbans. Sentinel-1 (S1) data along with other earth observation datasets and products, were integrated into the Google Earth Engine (GEE) environment to monitor the flooding conditions of the two cyclonic events. Cloud penetration capability and high spatial resolution of S1 data provide ample opportunity to detect flooding during cloudy conditions. The most inundation occurred in agricultural lands (92.7% for Amphan and 96.04% for Yaas), followed by other Land Use Land Cover (LULC) types in both cases. Block-level (smallest administrative unit) flood statistics have been generated for both events. Gosaba, Pathar Pratima, and Namkhana were most affected by these two cyclones.
Driving Factors of Citizen Science Change in Japan during COVID-19
Authors: Zhang Linying , Kang Jiefeng , Takahiro Kubo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Citizen science had been severely affected by COVID-19. However, changes of citizen science due to the pandemic in Asia and the driving factors underlying the changes have not been fully investigated. Based on a citizen science observation dataset for 8 cities of Japan from 2016 to 2021, we categorized the users into long-term and short-term users. The long-term users have higher observation number due to their persistent higher activity frequency. Then the changes of observation number were decomposed into user population effect, user structure effect, activity frequency effect, and observation intensity effect using the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) model for each city resepectively. The user population effect is the largest contributor to observation number changes in the cities for most years, with positive impacts before the pandemic and negative after the pandemic. The following effects are the observation intensity effect, activity frequency effect, and user structure effect. The findings suggest that, to recover citizen science from pandemic, the policymakers, practitioners, and researchers should consider the reasons underlying the changes in more detail.
Expectations and needs of people with illicit substance use disorders in general practice: a qualitative study in Belgium
Authors: Richelle Lou , Kacenelenbogen Nadine , Kornreich Charles , Aron Margaux 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background: People who use illicit drugs cumulate medical and psychosocial vulnerabilities which justify a rounded health approach. Both caregivers and patients can form barriers to accessing care which can lead to inadequate care. We tried with this study to identify the needs and expectations of these patients in general practice.
Methods: Qualitative research using semi-structured interviews was conducted on 23 people with illicit substance use disorder in Brussels in 2020. A multicentric recruitment was performed to obtain a heterogeneous mix of socio-demographic profiles and care trajectories. A thematic analysis was performed using RQDA package software.
Results: Several vulnerabilities were highlighted by the participants. These include the presence of significant self-stigmatization and guilt, sometimes to the extent of self-dehumanization even after years of care; overdoses masking suicide attempts and early memory disorders. Multiple substance use, smoking in almost all participants and significant misuse of benzodiazepines were also noted. The majority of participants expressed the need for an open-minded, non-stigmatizing and empathic GP with a holistic approach who could guide them throughout their life course. The competences of GPs in the field of addiction seemed secondary for the participants. Knowledge and good collaboration with the mental health network was an asset.
Conclusion: The participants expressed the need for GPs with good interpersonal skills including a non-stigmatizing attitude. The care coordinator role of the GP was highlighted as a key element, as was a holistic approach focusing on global health (including the social determinants of health) and not only on the substance use disorder.
tRF-Pro-CGG suppresses cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Zhu Jikuan , Zhang Xudong , Luo Tianping , Xue Cailin , Chao Jiadeng , Li Jun , Zhu Bei , Jin Lei , Zhu Chunfu , Qin Xihu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
tRNA-derived RNA fragments (tRFS) are 14-38nt long non-coding single-stranded RNAs that play an important role in gene regulation. In this study, we investigated the expression of tRF-Pro-CGG in human pancreatic cancer (PC) and its role in the proliferation, cloning, metastasis, invasion and apoptosis of PC cell lines. We will investigate the expression levels of tRF-Pro-CGG in PC tissues and cells. In PC tissue, tRF-Pro-CGG RNA levels were lower than in normal tissue, and in PC cell lines, tRF-Pro-CGG RNA levels were lower. In PC cells, promotion of tRF-Pro-CGG inhibits cell proliferation, replication, migration, and invasion, and promotes apoptosis. CSF1 was also inhibited by tRF-Pro-CGG. tRF-Pro-CGG may be involved in the regulation of CSF1 and may become a new diagnostic marker or therapeutic target for PC.
Interpreting the main effects on the efficiency and morphology for establishing a procedure of electrodepositing Zn from purified chloride SPL solutions
Authors: Zakiyya Hanna , Illés István B. , Kékesi Tamás 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Detailed potentiodynamic and galvanostatic methods have been used to investigate the electrodeposition of Zn and to develop a reliable recovery method from a purified and concentrated spent pickling liquor (SPL) of hot dip galvanization. Applying various combinations of Zn concentration, pH, agitation, apparent current density (c.d.) and additional NaCl concentration, a uniform initial deposit could be observed at the cathode, however the subsequent dendrite formation and the development of protrusion at the edges were targeted for a deeper investigation. The potentiodynamic experiments, showed the importance of H2 evolution influenced by the electrolyte properties and the cathodic polarization. The cathodic current was dominated by Zn reduction in the pH > 2 range during the fast potentiodynamic runs of the 30 – 150 g/dm3 Zn concentration range in the stationary electrolyte. Increasing the Zn concentration could considerably improve the deposit morphology. In the long-term galvanostatic experiments the current efficiency increased with the increase of pH in the examined wide Zn concentration range but the c.d. needs optimization. A current efficiency (c.e.) of ~99% can be reached with an electrolyte of pH ~5, Zn concentration ~50 g/dm3 applying a c.d. in the 300 – 600 A/m2 range. At low (~10 g/dm3) Zn concentrations the rate of hydrogen evolution increases dramatically. The addition of NaCl can practically improve the c.e. if the Zn concentration is at least around 50 g/dm3. In contrast, this improvement is largely off-set by the negative effects of strong H2 evolution at as low Zn concentrations as e.g. 10 g/dm3. Higher NaCl additions or too high Cl- ion concentrations, however inhibit the cathodic reaction of the electroactive species by stronger chloro-complex formation. In this case the intensive H+ reduction causes hydroxide precipitation.