bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Modalities of European Union Governance
Authors: Jones Alun , Clark Julian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Against a backcloth of changing political geometries of European integration, there has been a burgeoning academic interest in the nature and functioning of the European Union (EU) polity. It has been in the field of political science that the greatest theoretical developments on the nature and dynamics of EU integration processes have taken place. Hix (1998: 54) notes for example: ‘Never before in the study of the EU has there been such explicit ... debate on so many levels of analysis.’ In sharp relief to political geography, political science is now awash with ontological, methodological, and epistemological debates over the nature of European integration and governance (Marks et al. 1996; Risse-Kappen 1996; Armstrong and Bulmer 1998; Moravcsik 1998; Puchala 1999; Rosamond 2000). These debates have not, unfortunately, transcended the disciplinary boundaries between political geography and political science (see e.g. Taylor and Flint 2000). Our aim in this book, therefore, is to present to (though not exclusively) the political geography community a theoretically informed interpretation of EU political processes using the empirical canvas of the initiation, development, and implementation of agri-environment policy, in the context of the EU’s reforming Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). We deploy both policy network analysis and new institutionalism from political science to explore the mechanisms and procedures of EU governance in this policy area, approaches that have recently attracted considerable interest among geographers working in other substantive contexts (Martin 2000). These approaches highlight issues of scale and territorial identity, agenda formation and deliberative process, scalar flows of knowledge and ideas, and embedded institutional norms and values—all of which, unquestionably, are profoundly relevant to geographical enquiry.
The Intentional Structure of Consciousness
Authors: Crane Tim 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Newcomers to the philosophy of mind are sometimes resistant to the idea that pain is a mental state. If asked to defend their view, they might say something like this: pain is a physical state, it is a state of the body. One feels a pain in one’s leg to be in the leg, not in the mind. After all, sometimes people distinguish pain which is ‘all in the mind’ from a genuine pain, sometimes because the second is ‘physical’ while the first is not. And we also distinguish mental pain (which is normally understood as some kind of emotional distress) from the physical pain one feels in one’s body.
Theories of Consciousness
Authors: Papineau David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There are many theories of consciousness around, and my view is that they are all misconceived. Consciousness is not a normal scientific subject, and needs to be handled with special care. It is foolhardy to jump straight in and start building a theory, as if consciousness were just like electricity or chemical valency. We will do much better to reflect explicitly on our methodology first. When we do this, we will see that theories of consciousness are trying to answer a question that isn’t there.
Extreme Experiences and Religious Cognitions
Authors: Little Wood Roland 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In these lectures I propose to deal with certain associations between personal physical experience and established religious cosmologies, looking at how each reflects on the other and how we might go about considering this relationship. How ‘natural’ is religion? Could it be derived from our bodily experience? Let me start with an apparently easy —and once fashionable —question: may extreme personal experiences like insanity contribute to new religious formations? First a quotation from W H. R. Rivers, the early twentieth-century anthropologist and psychiatrist (who has recently obtained popular fame through a series of novels about his treatment of shell-shock in the First World War): We have, I think, reason to believe that the person who has attained perfection of balance in the control of his instinctive tendencies, in whom the processes of suppression and sublimation have become wholly effective, may thereby become completely adapted to his environment and attain a highly peaceful and stable existence.
Therapeutics of the Divine: Healing as a Hasidic Religious Idiom
Authors: Little Wood Roland 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
While Western monotheisms radically distinguish the sensible world from its ultrahuman reality, an explicit image of ‘healing’ has been common to the restoration of the body to health and safety, to the deliverance of a ‘wounded spirit’, and to indeed the preservation or redemption of a whole community (compare Greek soteria, Latin salvus). Prophets and the founders of new religious dispensations commonly engage in, or are recorded by later hagiographers as having employed, miracles of healing. They assert a double cosmological register—physical and spiritual—usually enhancing the very separation, yet at the same time they show that it may be mediated by certain individuals; indeed their very authority appears to be justified through their tapping higher realities to heal sickness and insanity, as well as to predict or avert other misfortunes, evil forces, or disasters to the community. The expectations on a prophet to reconcile the two worlds through healing-and his occasional resistance to these-are well demonstrated for Jesus in the Christian Gospels (Mathew 4: 23, 8: 16, 9: 32, 12: 22; Mark 5: 25), together with his use of the idiom of healing for an increased turning of the troubled spirit to the spiritual, through confession and absolution, with conversion of the sick soul to a fundamentally new perspective.
Preamble
Authors: Layton Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the autumn of 1968 I joined Professor Freddy Bailey’s SSRC-funded project to study social change in the Circum-Alpine region of Europe. The Jura was one of the regions not yet studied by a member of Bailey’s team and it was enthusiastically recommended to me by Phyllis Kaberry, my M.Phil. supervisor. I spent several weeks in the library of the Royal Geographical Society in London, finding out what French geographers had written about the Jura, and selected a district whose thriving dairy farming and forestry would promise villages that had not suffered serious depopulation. Early in November I went by train to Pontarlier, where I hired a bike and spent a couple of days cycling through some of the villages I had been reading about.
Introduction: Aristotle on the Foundations of Sublunary Physics
Authors: Burnyeat M F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The first book of Aristotle’s De Generatione et Corruptione is hardly a work for beginners. The second book is a straightforward exposition of his theory of the four elements and their transformations, together with an account of why coming to be and passing away never fail. But “straightforward’ is the last adjective one would apply to the knotty, abstract, dialectical argumentation of book I. Our difficulties begin at the very first sentence, which announces a programme that goes far beyond earth, air, fire, and water.
On Generation and Corruption I. 7: Aristotle on poiein and paschein
Authors: Wildberg Christian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The seventh chapter of the first book of On Generation and Corruption opens with a laconic statement. ‘Affecting and being affected must be discussed next’, Aristotle writes, and the first task is to remind ourselves why he is turning, apparently with a certain amount of urgency, to just this topic.
On Generation and Corruption I. 6
Authors: Ali Carlo Nat 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The medieval translators have unified in one chapter two different texts. The first covers GC 322b1-26 and has the function of a general introduction to what follows: the rest of book I, or the entire work, according to different interpreters. In this first section Aristotle claims that it is necessary to define some preliminary notions, before entering into the study of the elements. The second text, from 322b26 (or 29)2 to 323a34, presents the discussion of the first preliminary notion, ‘contact’ (d.&lt; p ). So, chapter I. 6 does not have a conceptual unity, but it is the juxta¬ position of two distinct discussions, a methodological premiss and a conceptual analysis.
The Syntax of Sluicing
Authors: Merchant Jason 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter I examine the structural conditions on sluicing and investigate its external and internal syntax. The first issue, the external syntax, is by far the easier to tackle, and the answer reached there is straightforward: the ‘sluice’ is a CP. The second, which requires investigating the structure of ellipsis—that is, the syntax of silence—can be approached only by more indirect means and is, therefore, much more difficult; the answer defended here is that the ellipsis site contains syntactic structures of the kind familiar from overt syntax. This chapter proceeds roughly in order of analytic difficulty. I begin with the simpler task, identifying the category of the sluice by looking at what the external distribution of sluiced wh-phrases is. The conclusion is unambiguous: sluices behave as CPs. This leads to the hypothesis that the sluice consists of a CP in which the sentential part, the IP, has gone missing. With this in mind, I turn to the more difficult question of what mechanisms in the grammar license this silent IP. We will see that the conditions are fairly parochial, being limited to certain feature combinations on the C sister to the null IP. To capture these, I propose a mechanism for triggering deletion at PF based on feature movement to C. I conclude by tackling a vexing analytic question raised by a novel generalization established in §2.2.2: nothing but the wh-phrase itself can appear overtly in the COMP domain under sluicing. I suggest that this fact is related to other, probably prosodic, limitations on the kinds of null elements that can immediately follow complementizers.
Kanaim à: Shamanism and Ritual Death in the Pakaraima Mountains, Guyana
Authors: Whitehead Neil 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter presents materials on the cultural practice and social consequences of modes of assassination and physical mutilation among the indigenous peoples of the Pakaraima mountains, Guyana, in particular the Patamuna and Makushi. It will be argued that the shamanic death-cult known as Kanaima illustrates the way in which violence may be used to establish a field of social and cultural power that continuously challenges, and so allows the renegotiation of, the organization of society. The chapter by Butt Colson in this volume also deals with Kanaima as practised by the northern neighbours of the Patamuna, the Akawaio and Pemon. In that contribution Butt Colson also shows how Kanaima is a force for ‘anti-structure’, dissolving both kin and political units through both the actual killing and the fear that such assassination engenders.
Representations
Authors: Gentilcore David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During life ‘man is a prisoner of death ’. He is a ‘slave to physicians, afflicted by diets, assassinated by medicines, vexed by syrups, troubled by clysters, deprived of wine, robbed of all happiness, made nauseous from broths ’. From birth the infant is assailed by an ‘importunate band of infirmities ’. With ‘the advance of years’ new diseases come along. Puberty brings ‘wretched hectic fevers and pallid wasting disorders and falling sickness ’; young adulthood ‘the sharp thunderbolts of pleurisy, lung inflammations, fluxes and dysenteries ’; maturity ‘that pain of colic so terrible, that gout so troublesome, pestilential fevers and petechiae ’; and old age ‘urinary heat, urethral growths, stone, cough, distillation, kidney sores, dizziness, apoplexy, weak vision, bad hearing ’. But, from all this, ‘medicine frees us ’.
Self-Presentation
Authors: Gentilcore David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the civic registry of Verona for 1603 we find one Giacomo Bonvesino, originally from Sant ‘Ambrogio in the Valpolicella, resident in the San Tomio quarter with his wife, Isabetta, her mother, and their four daughters. Bonvesino listed himself as zaratano, charlatan in the Veneto dialect. He was by no means alone in doing so. When they referred to their occupation, in a variety of contexts—tax censuses (catasti) and registries, letters and petitions to higher authorities, criminal proceedings and wills—they invariably put down ciarlatano or its equivalents.
Materia Medica
Authors: Gentilcore David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On 14 January 1760 the Florentine charlatan Giovanni Greci, calling himself ‘il Cosmopolita’, was licensed in nearby Siena to sell his Balsamo simpatico (sympathetic balm), Gocciole di salute (health drops), and Pillole cattoliche (catholic pills), as well as a plaster for intestinal ruptures, a specific for urethral growths, a coleyrium for eye pustules, and various pastilles, powders, and waters for teeth. His Gocciole di salute alone contained sixteen ingredients—among them balsam of Mecca, powdered coffee, and something called ‘English water ’—and was to be prepared by placing the ingredients in a flask, burying this in horse manure for four months, followed by a month under the hottest sun possible.
Times and Places
Authors: Gentilcore David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Leonardo Fioravanti was in many ways the prototype of the wandering charlatan, although he was by no means the first or the only one to take to the road. He left his native Bologna, he later wrote, with the intention to go wandering the world (andare caminando il mondo) in order to acquire knowledge of natural philosophy, so that I could practise physic and surgery better than when I first began to undertake them. And thus I wandered through various and diverse provinces, always practising my art wherever I was, and never did I tire of studying and searching for the most goodly experiences, whether from the most learned physicians or from simple empirics and every other sort of people, like peasants, shepherds, soldiers, churchmen, simple women, and every other type.
Performance
Authors: Gentilcore David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In a sort of Milanese understatement, that city ’s protophysician Giovanni Onorato Castiglione wrote that charlatans were not averse to a bit of publicity. He noted the way charlatans operated in the open: Charlatans are not the sort of people who dislike the light, given that at midday they appear on stage in the public squares, and in the evening they make themselves known with the help of torches, and in order for their presence in town be better known they put up invitations, publicize their names, promulgate with printed handbills the recipes of their secrets, and call the people together to the sound of trumpets, and sometimes with the rumbling of marching drums.
The Sense of Agency: Awareness and Ownership of Action
Authors: Marcel Anthony 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
All four quotations cited above connect action and self, or self consciousness, and as such are in a long tradition. But the first and second pairs pull in opposite I am the author of this chapter in that I wrote it. However, certain other people are part agents of it, in that they played causal roles in its production and its content, and therefore must take partial responsibility, whether they intended the result or not. Johannes Roessler and Naomi Eilan organized and invited me to the workshop where this started. Johannes persisted in aiding and abetting the execution and inclusion of this chapter. He has also failed to decline to converse with me over several years. Naomi Eilan has failed to decline to converse with me for a much longer period, and has helped to clarify the chapter. They are clearly accessories both before and after the fact. John Campbell has said much that has affected the content. Christopher Peacocke has even more directly contributed, though I have failed to profit from many of his comments. Others that have perhaps unwittingly played a causal role in conversation (though ignorance is no excuse) are Jonathan Miller, Jim Russell, Chris Frith, Nick Humphrey, Sergio Della Sala, and Jonathan Cole. For their part, I plead as Portia that mercy may mitigate justice; for my part, I declare as Shylock responds to her, ‘my deeds upon my head’.
Children’s Action Control and Awareness: Comment on Frye and Zelazo
Authors: Hornsby Jennifer 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Frye and Zelazo present findings that uncover a particular developmental change in young children’s capacities for intentional action. They bring these findings within the purview of two theoretical models-the Cognitive Complexity and Control account (CCC), and the Levels of Consciousness account (LOC). The two models have been claimed to help to explain not only the change discussed in detail in their chapter but a wide range of other findings besides. The special interest of the authors’ present contribution, signalled in its conjunctive title ‘Control’ and ‘Awareness’, resides in its claim to harmonize the two models. LOC postulates four major developmental changes, occurring at around 9 to 12, 21, 30, and 48 months; CCC focuses on changes between 3 and 5 years of age. Frye and Zelazo suggest now that the LOC’s account of a child’s development through infancy meshes with the CCC’s account of development at the pre-school stage.
The Sense of Ownership: An Analogy between Sensation and Action
Authors: Dokic Jérôme 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In his ground-breaking work on the will, O’Shaughnessy observes that ‘we relate epistemologically to bodily tryings as we do generally to (bodily) sensations’ (1980, ii: 81). In this chapter, I am interested in a close analogy, between action and sensation. More precisely, I want to compare the intimate knowledge we have of our own actions, and the distinctive way we know of our bodily sensations, like pains, itches, and sensations of contact. Two aspects of the analogy will be particularly emphasized.
The Epistemology of Physical Action
Authors: Shaughnessy Brian O’ 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In my book The Will I put forward a dual aspect theory of physical action along the following lines. The theory begins with the claim that whenever we perform an action an event of the type ‘will’ occurs, and that the act in question is identical with that event. Before this particular assertion can be determinate we need to know the sense with which ‘will’ is used. The ordinary language term that is generally invoked to explicate the concept is ‘try’. However, there is no reason why we should be fixated on this term: a series of other expressions would serve just as well to characterize the event in question. Thus, ‘strive’, ‘attempt’, ‘have a shot at’-even merely the term ‘do’ (understood in a special active but highly familiar sense). And so this first part of the theory could be expressed by saying that all physical acts of any kind, whether successful or not, are one and the same thing as a trying or striving or doing.
Jurists and Theologians
Authors: Raphael D D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A history of the concept of justice would include much of interest from Roman law and from patristic and scholastic philosophy. I know little of those fields of learning but I must mention a few salient points.
The corpus of Roman law that was consolidated by direction of the Emperor Justinian includes a dictum of the jurist Ulpian (third century AD) that had become the standard definition of justice:lustitia est constans et perpetua voluntas ius suum cuique tribuendi(‘Justice is the constant and permanent will to render to each person what is his right’). Earlier instances of the idea speak simplyof suum cuique tribuere(‘rendering to each person what is his’); Cicero uses the phrase on several occasions. Ulpian’s definition summarizes the task of a judge in disputes of civil law, and I imagine that this is what was originally intended. One can, however, stretch the shorter formulation to cover the judicial task in criminal trials, too, if one understandssuum (‘what is his’) to mean ‘his due’ and to include ‘what he deserves’ as well as ‘what is owed to him’. The definition is, of course, a bare form. If it is a sow1d definition it will embrace all instances of justice, but it does not tell us how it is to be applied: it does not specify what makes a particular good (or a particular evil as a punishment) thesuumof a particular individual in such and such circumstances. Still, it serves a useful purpose in encapsulating the judge’s function within a concept that analyses the simple, vague term ‘justice’.
Hastings Rashdall
Authors: Raphael D D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the history of utilitarianism Sidgwick’s elaboration of the classical theory was followed by a version which held that happiness is not the sole intrinsic good. The exponents of this view were G. E. Moore inPrincipia Ethica(1903) andEthics(1912), and Hastings Rashdall inThe TheoryofGood and Evil(1907). Both acknowledged the influence of Sidgwick on their thought. Rashdall gave his theory the name of Ideal Utilitarianism and this term has been used by later scholars to describe the theory of Moore too, though Moore himself did not use it.
David Miller
Authors: Raphael D D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
David Miller’s Social Justice was published in 1976, a few years after John Rawls’sA Theory of Justice,but I think it is appropriate to discuss Miller first. The main substance of his book was written before Rawls’sTheoryappeared, and while Miller added in the published version an account of Rawls, with critical discussion, he saw no grow1ds to doubt or modify his own contribution to the subject. Another, more cogent, reason for considering Miller’s views first is that they continue the line of tradition that I have traced in the preceding chapters of this book; in particular, they follow on naturally from Perelman’s treatment. I do not think that Miller was at all influenced by Perelman, but his account is in fact of the samegenre,though much more thorough, and his conclusions turn out to be similar to Perelman’s in giving a sociological explanation for the differences in the prominent notions of justice. But whereas Perelman did not explicitly acknowledge, or perhaps recognize, the sociological character of his conclusion, Miller moves into sociology deliberately and with scholarly examination of relevant sociological writings.
Eighteen twelve and after
Authors: Westwood J N 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In his War and Peace, Tolstoy portrayed the 1812 war against Napoleon as one of those rare moments in Russian history when almost all people, serfs and lords, merchants and bureaucrats, put aside their mutual suspicions and realized that they were all Russians. The new unity was not quite as flawless as that, but Russia, sometimes called ‘a state without a people’, did seem to act as one nation for a few precious months, and never quite forgot the experience.
1905
Authors: Westwood J N 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To say that Nicholas II lacked the personal defects required of an effective leader would be excessively kind. All the same, this was a man of great courtesy and consideration for others, a man of modesty, an exemplary father, and a good husband. But family happiness has never yet saved a dynasty. The lives of Nicholas and Alexandra were tragic because both had endearing qualities and both found themselves playing roles for which they were quite unfitted.