bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A prospective investigation of coffee drinking and bladder cancer incidence in the United States
Authors: Loftfield Erikka , Freedman Neal D. , Inoue‐Choi Maki , Graubard Barry I. , Sinha Rashmi 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundIn 1991, coffee was classified as a Group 2B carcinogen, possibly carcinogenic to humans, based on limited epidemiological evidence of a positive association with bladder cancer. In 2016, the International Agency for Research on Cancer downgraded this classification due to lack of evidence from prospective studies particularly for never smokers.MethodsBaseline coffee drinking was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire in the NIH‐AARP prospective cohort study. Among 469 047 US adults, who were cancer‐free at baseline, 6012 bladder cancer cases (5088 men and 924 women) were identified during >6.3 million person years of follow‐up. Multivariable‐adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), with non‐coffee drinkers as the reference group.ResultsCoffee drinking was positively associated with bladder cancer in models adjusted for age and sex (HR for ≥4 cups/day relative to coffee nondrinkers=1.91, 95% CI=1.70–2.14; P‐trend<0.0001). However, the association was substantially attenuated after adjustment for cigarette smoking and other potential confounders (HR for ≥4 cups/day relative to coffee nondrinkers=1.18 95% CI=1.05–1.33; P‐trend=0.0007). Associations were further attenuated after additional adjustment for lifetime smoking patterns among the majority of the cohort with this available data (P‐trend=0.16). There was no evidence of an association among never smokers (P‐trend=0.84).ConclusionsPositive associations between coffee drinking and bladder cancer among ever smokers but not never smokers suggest that residual confounding from imperfect measurement of smoking or unmeasured risk factors may be an explanation for our positive findings.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services.
Large hadrosaurid dinosaur from the San Juan Basin, New Mexico
Authors: Carrillo Noell , VanZant Ashley , Guenther Merrilee 
Published: November 2023

Hadrosaurid dinosaur diversity in the San Juan Basin of New Mexico has been difficult to determine due, in part, to poor preservation of specimens compared to those found in northern North America. A reexamination of a collection of hadrosaurid material from the Hunter Wash Member of the Kirtland Formation in San Juan County, New Mexico, excavated in 1922 by Charles H. Sternberg, has revealed some well‐preserved specimens. Among these specimens is a large hadrosaurid humerus that is 860 millimeters in length, with a humeral shaft diameter of 176 millimeters. The proportional size of the deltopectoral crest in relation to the humeral shaft indicates that the humerus comes from a saurolophine hadrosaur.Previously recognized hadrosaurid diversity in the lower Kirtland Formation has been restricted to the lambeosaurine, Parasaurolophus cyrtocristatus, and the saurolophine, Kritosaurus navajovius. Recent studies of hadrosaurid elements in this Sternberg collection have indicated that there are additional, as yet unnamed, saurolophine taxa in the San Juan Basin with strong affinities to the Kritosaurini, but distinct from K. navajovius. The large humerus is significantly larger than that of any of the previously known hadrosaurid taxa from the lower Kirtland Formation, including the newly described kritosaurine material. Morphometric analysis of the humerus suggests an element with proportions similar to those of Shantungosaurus, one of the largest hadrosaurs, and dissimilar to any of the previously known San Juan Basin hadrosaurid taxa. The robust construction of the humeral shaft is reflected by a shaft volume to humeral length ratio that greatly exceeds most other hadrosaurid taxa, resulting in a humerus with greater loading capacity. Though it is an isolated element, this humerus provides evidence that there were large hadrosaurids, potentially from a new species, living in the San Juan Basin, expanding the diversity of the San Juan Basin hadrosaurid dinosaur fauna.
Turmeric Dietary Supplement‐Induced Autoimmune Hepatitis: A Case Report
Authors: Funk Janet , Alfafara Chelsea , McEvoy Sean , Strom Meghan , Lukefahr Ashley 
Published: November 2023

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), a chronic disorder of unknown etiology characterized by hypergammaglobulinemia and autoantibody positivity, is induced by drug injury in a minority of cases. Herbal supplements are increasingly being recognized as a potential cause of drug‐induced hepatitis (DIH). We report here on a case of drug‐induced, autoimmune hepatitis (DIAIH) attributable to ingestion of a turmeric dietary supplement. Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) was diagnosed, as per Hennes criteria (score = 7 of 8 total), in a 76‐year old Caucasian woman presenting with an asymptomatic elevation in liver transaminases (alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin, normal). Diagnostic work up was notable for: 1) elevated IgG levels (1.3 X ULN); 2) positive antibody titers (> 1:80) for atypical pANCA and smooth muscle actin; 3) liver histology on biopsy compatible with AIH, and 4) exclusion of viral hepatitis. The patient's medical records, while not including mention of turmeric dietary supplement use, did document concurrent use of 15 other prescription or over the counter (OTC) medications which remained unchanged throughout the course of transaminase elevations. Attribution of AIH to turmeric supplementation, which the patient had begun 10‐months prior to her diagnosis, was elucidated by the patient, who stopped turmeric supplementation 2 months after her AIH diagnosis upon reading of a possible risk of turmeric‐induced hepatitis. Within 1 month of turmeric discontinuation, transaminase levels, which had risen to a maximum of 4–8 X ULN (for AST and ALT, respectively) began to decline and returned to normal within a year, where they have remained until the present time (3 years). Assessment of updated RUCAM drug‐induced hepatitis (DIH) criteria (Danan et al, Int J Mol Sci 17:2016) yielded a score of 6 (of 13 total, with ≥9 being highest category of attribution [“highly probable”]), consistent with probable attribution of turmeric use to hepatic injury in this patient. As is common in situations of supplement induced side‐effects, the actual product, which the patient had taken as directed on the label, was not identified or available for testing. In summary, this case illustrates several key points: 1) consumers and healthcare professionals should be aware that turmeric supplements, a top selling herbal in the US, can be associated with hepatoxicity, including induction of AIH; 2) the role of turmeric, concomitant medications, and/or potential contaminants in mediating supplement‐induced liver damage cannot be assessed at present; and 3) open conversations about OTC supplement use between healthcare providers and patients remains imperative to ensure delivery of high quality practice, particularly in situations of increased risk of drug‐supplement interactions.Support or Funding InformationNIH‐NCCIH#R34 AT007837
A Web‐based Binge Eating Disorder Intervention Program Reduced Eating Disorder Risks in Overweight or Obese Females–A Pilot Study
Authors: Yu Zhiping , Snyder Jill , Stuart Katie , Wilburn Jennifer , Pudwill Holly , Williams Brittnee , Cortazzo Kristen 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveThose who suffer from eating disorders including Binge Eating Disorder (BED) face many hurdles including lack of access to treatment, guilt, denial, lack of motivation to change, and shame. The fear of stigmatization can also prevent those who suffer from eating disorders from seeking proper treatment. Web‐based treatment programs present an opportunity to eliminate or reduce some of these hurdles and resistance to treatment. The current Randomized Controlled Trial aimed to assess the efficacy of a web‐based outpatient treatment program in overweight and obese females diagnosed with BED.MethodsA total of 18 overweight or obese women with clinical or sub‐clinical binge eating disorder, aged 20–73, were randomized into either a face‐to‐face treatment program or a web‐based treatment program. Twelve participants completed the study. In face‐to‐face group (n=8), participants received a total 12 session counseling including an individual biweekly session with a psychotherapist and biweekly session with a Registered Dietitian (RD) specializing in eating disorders. In the web‐based group (n=4), participants received a 12‐session weekly video counseling through an online telemedicine software with psychotherapist and RD. Outcomes were assessed at 3 months including weight, binge episode (BE), and Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) questionnaire that assess eating disorder risks.ResultsIn the end of study, there were no differences in weight change and binge episodes change between two treatment groups. When comparing before and after treatment, participants did not lose weight in both groups. Participants in Face‐to‐face group reduced binge episodes (P<0.01) but not in web‐based group. Better improvements were observed in web‐based group for EDE shape concern (p=0.01), weight concern (p<0.05), and global score (p<0.05) than face‐to‐face group.ConclusionWeb‐based treatment program could potentially be an effective approach for binge eating disorder patients. Large scale randomized clinical trials are warranted to further assess the efficacy of web‐based approaches in treating eating disorders.Support or Funding InformationUs Women and Girls' Health Endowed Research Professorship; Complimantory telemedicine software from Fruit Street Company
Examining Normative Values in Wearable Device Bite Count Data from a One‐Week Free‐Living Intervention
Authors: Beatty Jacqueline , Mayette Gregory , Greene Geoffrey , Melanson Kathleen 
Published: November 2023

Overweight and obesity remain prevalent worldwide, with millions of adults seeking to lose weight and improve health. Wearable technology can provide self‐monitoring and feedback, which have been shown to be beneficial in weight loss and maintenance. The Bite Counter® can be worn like a watch and has been validated in previous studies to be an effective tool in counting the number of bites taken by the user. Data analysis of this novel device requires the application of normative value parameters, previously established by creators of the device. However, these parameters have not been independently tested in real‐world situations. Data were analyzed from a pilot study in which 19 overweight and obese college‐aged adults consented (19.7 ± 1.6 years; 15 female & 4 male; BMI 29.0 ± 3.4 kg/m2), and 17 subjects completed, a one‐week intervention testing the efficacy of the Bite Counter® in establishing a personal bite count goal and reducing daily bite count. Days in which subjects used the Bite Counter® in their own free‐living environment, with no supervision, were analyzed. Eating occasions with fewer than 4 bites, and those that lasted 3600 seconds (automatic shut off time of device), were removed; additionally, raw data were transformed to z scores, and scores greater than 3.29 were removed to exclude outliers and reduce within‐subject variability. Raw and revised data were compared using paired t tests. The 19 enrolled subjects averaged 4.84 ± 2.43 days of device use, with two subjects not using it at all; device usage increased to 5.41 ± 1.84 days when excluding the two non‐users. Significant differences were found between average daily eating time in minutes (28.65 ± 12.84 vs. 21.36 ± 12.40, p=.007), average daily bite count (65.65 ± 31.03 vs. 61.48 ± 30.88, p=.004), and eating rate as measured by bites per minute (2.44 ± .92 vs. 3.15 ± .84, p=.038). However, average meal duration in minutes did not differ (8.06 ± 5.46 vs. 7.50 ± 4.58, p=.542). These results demonstrate that the application of normative value parameters lead to significant differences in most Bite Counter® outcomes, and may help future researchers more effectively interpret data from bite‐counting wearable technology.Support or Funding InformationFunding: The University of Rhode Island Council for Research Grant, July 2015.
Identification of Phytochemicals in Muscadine Pomace and Their Anti‐inflammatory Activities on RAW 264.7 Murine Macrophages
Authors: Zhao Bo , Gu Liwei 
Published: November 2023

Southern muscadine grapes are known to contain a variety of health‐promoting polyphenolic compounds. About 98% of these nutraceutical compounds in muscadine grapes are found in the skins and seeds. They are often discarded in the form of pomace after winemaking. The objective this study was to identify phytochemicals in muscadine pomace and determine their anti‐inflammatory activities. Muscadine wine pomace of three cultivars (Noble, Welder, and Carlos) was separated into skin and seeds. Part of the seeds was processed on a single‐screw press at 90°C to obtain seed oil and partially defatted seeds. This step reduced the fat content in seeds from about 13% to 5% (w/w). All samples were ground into powders and extracted using methanol/water/acetic acid (85:15:0.5; v/v/v). The resultant crude extracts were subject to acid hydrolysis and water/ethyl acetate partition. HPLC‐MS analyses showed that the major compounds in seeds and skins were ellagic acid, epicatechin and gallic acid. Welder seed extract contains the highest amount of ellagic acid (230 μg/mg extract), epicatechin (122 μg/mg extract) and gallic acid (107 μg/mg extract). RAW 264.7 macrophages were pretreated with extracts and stimulated with lipopolysaccharides to induce inflammatory responses. RT‐PCR results show that IL‐1 and IL‐6 gene expression were reduced by muscadine extracts while TNF‐α expression remained the same or slightly increased. Overall, the grape pomace contained several types of polyphenols and showed anti‐inflammation activities in vitro.Support or Funding InformationThis research is supported in part by Florida Viticulture Council and Florida Specialty Crop Block Grant
Analysis of Serum Ferritin and High Sensitive C Reactive Protein in Patients with Gout
Authors: Ma Aiguo , Wei Jingyan , Zhang Huaqi , Wu Dayong 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveThe relationship between serum concentrations of ferritin and high sensitive C reactive protein in men and the risk of gout was unclear.MethodsIn this study we enrolled 600 male patients diagnosed with gout, 600 male patients with hyperuricemia, and 600 male health people as the control. The information of physical examination and related indicators was collected in all three groups, including height, weight, serum ferritin (SF), high sensitive C reactive protein (hs‐CRP), uric acid (UA), fasting blood glucose (FPG), triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC).ResultsThe average concentration of serum ferritin (SF) was higher in gout group (135.27 μg/L) than in hyperuricemia group (114.45μg/L, p<0.05), and the control group (76.02 μg/L, p<0.05); the mean level of hs‐CRP in gout patients was 0.3 mg/dl, significantly higher than that in hyperuricemia group (0.13mg/dl) and the control group (0.09mg/dl) (all P<0.05). After adjusting for age, BMI, TG, TC, FPG and other confounding factors, SF levels were positively correlated with hs‐CRP levels in hyperuricemia group and gout group, while there was no association between SF and hs‐CRP levels in the control group. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for BMI, TG, TC, FPG, UA and other confounding factors, the high levels of SF (≥155.78ug/l) significantly increased risk of gout, with OR of 2.678 (95%CI, 1.484–4.833); higher levels of hs‐CRP (>0.9mg/dl) was also a risk factor of gout, with OR of 3.104 (95%CI, 1.727–5.580).ConclusionSerum concentrations of ferritin level and high sensitive C reactive protein were significantly elevated in patients with gout. These results suggest that hs‐CRP, and SF may be involved in the pathogenesis of gout; however, whether it can be used as a predictor of gout attack needs further study.Support or Funding InformationThe National Natural Science Fund (No. 81373000)
Beta‐Carotene Inhibits Expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor‐Associated Factor 1 and Hyper‐Proliferation in Helicobacter pylori‐Infected Gastric Epithelial Cells
Authors: Park Yong Chae , Lim Joo Weon , Kim Hyeyoung 
Published: November 2023

Hyper‐proliferation is observed in the mucosa of Helicobacter pylori‐(H. pylori) infected patients with adenocarcinoma. Tumor necrosis factor receptor‐associated factor 1 (TRAF1) is involved in cell survival and regulated by redox‐sensitive transcription factor NF‐kappa B. Overexpression of TARF1 by H. pylori promotes proliferation of gastric mucosal cells. The complex formed by TRAF1 interacts with inhibitor‐of‐apoptosis proteins (IAPs) such as cIAP1 and cIAP2, and thus mediates the anti‐apoptotic signals. Previously, we found that H. pylori activates NADPH oxidase to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activate NF‐kappa B in gastric epithelial cells. We previously showed that beta‐carotene inhibits the expression of cyclooxygenase‐2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase by reducing ROS levels and NF‐kappa B activation in H. pylori‐infected gastric epithelial cells. The purpose of the study is to determine whether beta‐carotene inhibits expression of TRAF1 by reducing ROS levels and suppresses cell proliferation in gastric epithelial cells infected with H. pylori treated with or without beta‐carotene.Human gastric epithelial AGS cells were infected with H. pylori strain NCTC11637 at the ratio of 1:50 (cell/bacterium). Beta‐carotene was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran and treated to the cells at final concentration of 0.5 and 1 microM. Cell proliferation was determined by viable cell numbers. mRNA and protein levels were determined by real time PCR analysis and western blotting. ROS levels were measured using DCF‐DA assay.As a result, H. pylori increased ROS levels and induced expression of TRAF1, cIAP1 and cIAP2 in AGS cells. H. pylori induced hyper‐proliferation of AGS cells. Beta‐carotene inhibited NADPH oxidase activation, hyper‐proliferation, and expression of TRAF1, cIAP1, and cIAP2, and reduced ROS levels in H. pylori‐infected cells. In addition, both a known antioxidant N‐acetyl cysteine and an NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium inhibited H. pylori‐induced TRAF1.In conclusion, consumption of beta‐carotene‐rich foods may be beneficial for inhibiting H. pylori‐induced hyper‐proliferation of gastric epithelial cells by suppressing ROS‐mediated expression of TRAF1.
Developmental Innervation of Rat Palatine Glands
Authors: Hakami Zaki , Wakisaka Satoshi 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesSalivary glands maturation and function are controlled and influenced by the nervous system. Nevertheless, little is known about salivary glands innervation during development, particularly minor salivary glands. Therefore, this study investigated the development of the innervation of the palatine glands of rat.Materials and methodsFrozen sections of rat palatine glands at different stages were immunohistochemically labeled for detection of two general nerve markers; protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) and growth‐associated protein‐43 (GAP‐43), and two neuropeptides; calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY).ResultsPGP 9.5 and GAP‐43‐immunoreactive fibers (IRF) were present in the mesenchyme and in association with developing acini, ducts and blood vessels. GAP‐43‐IRF were more abundant and diffuse than PGP 9.5‐IRF at early stages, but showed similar distribution with growth, ramifying out from thick bundles in connective tissues until encircling the secretory units observed around postnatal day 21 (PN21). CGRP‐IRF were detected in the mesenchyme at embryonic day 20 (E20) and PN0. CGRP‐IRF became numerous around PN7 and PN10. They then decreased to the adult level at PN21, mainly located around ducts and infrequently blood vessels. NPY‐IRF were sparsely detected in the mesenchyme at E20, then detected in close proximity to acini in addition to blood vessels at PN3. NPY‐IRF increased till reaching the adult stage, and were mainly associated with blood vessels and around mucous cells and some serous demilunes.ConclusionThe findings indicated a developmental modification of the sensory and autonomic innervation which may play a role in the functional maturation of the palatine salivary glands. Moreover, they may indicate their roles in regulating the secretory mechanisms and local blood flow of these glands.Support or Funding InformationNone
Associations between Depression and Cognitive Function in Turkish Elderly
Authors: İlhan Azad , Bilgic Pelin , Varli Murat , Rakıcıoğlu Neslişah , Hongu Nobuko 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionThe burden of depression among older individuals is an important public health issue, considering the increasing number of elderly population in Turkey. The prevalence of obesity has also grown in Turkish older adults. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between depression and cognitive function in community‐dwelling older adults living in Ankara, Turkey.Materials and MethodsA sample of 95 functionally independent patients (53 women and 42 men) aged 65 years or older (mean age: 74.01±7.4) was selected from Medicine Faculty of Ankara University. Standardized Mini Mental State Examination (S‐MMSE) was used to evaluate cognitive function. Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was used to assess depression status for all patients. Patients with advanced visual and auditory impairment, delirium, cancer and disabled were excluded.Results18 of 95 (%18.9) patients were diagnosed with dementia. Those with dementia and without dementia were divided into two groups. The dementia group's median scores of S‐MMSE and GDS were 16±4.25 and 16±8.25, respectively. Non‐demented group's median scores of S‐MMSE and GDS were 27±3 and 5±4, respectively. In all groups; S‐MMSE scores of men were significantly higher than women (p<0.05) and mean values of BMI were 26.95±5.1. When we analyzed the relationship between S‐MMSE values and the results of the BMI and GDS, we found significant negative correlations for S‐MMSE versus BMI (n=95, r= −0.39, p< 0.001) and S‐MMSE versus GDS (n=95, r= −0.65, p<0,001).Discussion and conclusionThe study revealed that the cognitive impairment was significantly associate with depression, particularly in overweight both men and women. Therefore depression may have been reduced by both healthy eating and physical activity program in elderly.