bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementing Artificial Intelligence for Emergency Radiology Impacts Physicians' Knowledge and Perception
Authors: Hoppe Boj Friedrich , Rueckel Johannes , Dikhtyar Yevgeniy , Heimer Maurice , Fink Nicola , Sabel Bastian Oliver , Ricke Jens , Rudolph Jan , Cyran Clemens C. 
Published: October 2023

Purpose
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of implementing an artificial intelligence (AI) solution for emergency radiology into clinical routine on physicians' perception and knowledge.

Materials and Methods
A prospective interventional survey was performed pre-implementation and 3 months post-implementation of an AI algorithm for fracture detection on radiographs in late 2022. Radiologists and traumatologists were asked about their knowledge and perception of AI on a 7-point Likert scale (−3, “strongly disagree”; +3, “strongly agree”). Self-generated identification codes allowed matching the same individuals pre-intervention and post-intervention, and using Wilcoxon signed rank test for paired data.

Results
A total of 47/71 matched participants completed both surveys (66% follow-up rate) and were eligible for analysis (34 radiologists [72%], 13 traumatologists [28%], 15 women [32%]; mean age, 34.8 ± 7.8 years). Postintervention, there was an increase that AI “reduced missed findings” (1.28 [pre] vs 1.94 [post], P = 0.003) and made readers “safer” (1.21 vs 1.64, P = 0.048), but not “faster” (0.98 vs 1.21, P = 0.261). There was a rising disagreement that AI could “replace the radiological report” (−2.04 vs −2.34, P = 0.038), as well as an increase in self-reported knowledge about “clinical AI,” its “chances,” and its “risks” (0.40 vs 1.00, 1.21 vs 1.70, and 0.96 vs 1.34; all P's ≤ 0.028). Radiologists used AI results more frequently than traumatologists (P < 0.001) and rated benefits higher (all P's ≤ 0.038), whereas senior physicians were less likely to use AI or endorse its benefits (negative correlation with age, −0.35 to 0.30; all P's ≤ 0.046).

Conclusions
Implementing AI for emergency radiology into clinical routine has an educative aspect and underlines the concept of AI as a “second reader,” to support and not replace physicians.
[18F] FDG PET/CT Imaging in a Rare Case of Sarcoidosis With Involvement of Epididymis
Authors: Algodayan Sarah , Priftakis Dimitrios , Fraioli Francesco , Bomanji Jamshed 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGenitourinary involvement of sarcoidosis is an uncommon occurrence. In this report, we present [18F] FDG PET/CT of a young adult man with sarcoidosis involving the epididymis, and we discuss the utility of FDG PET imaging in diagnosis and assessment of response to treatment.
Simulated Participants' Experiences and Challenges With Online and Face-to-Face Interactions During COVID-19
Authors: Hamad Nabtta Bashir , Folorunsho Evelyn Funke 
Published: October 2023

Introduction
Direct patient contact is essential when training health professionals for future patient-centered interactions. Simulated participants (SPs) play a critical role during training; however, limited information is available about their personal perspectives. This study explored SPs at the College of Medicine and Health Sciences experiences, adaptations, and preferences regarding online and face-to-face encounters.

Methods
After ethical approval, a qualitative research study using structured in-depth interviews was conducted online with 16 SPs, applying critical incident narratives and storytelling. Interview data were transcribed and encoded using thematic framework analysis, after which member checking was conducted to increase credibility.

Results
All SPs acknowledged the benefits of online delivery models during the pandemic, including the convenience of working from home, continued clinical skills training, and personal protection from COVID infection. Participants preferred face-to-face delivery over online encounters, except for one SP, who saw no difference. Challenges included technical issues, communication problems, and lack of realism.

Conclusions
Although these results cannot be generalized, all participants acknowledged the relevance of online portrayals during the pandemic. Most preferred face-to-face delivery models for improving role-playing and enhancing personal communication to achieve better patient outcomes, while one SP had no preference. The use of concurrent online and face-to-face methods may more effectively engage SPs in simulation-based education. Before restructuring programs, further research is needed, including a deeper exploration of students' and educators' perspectives.
Book-Binding Technique in Totally Laparoscopic Distal Gastrectomy with Billroth I Reconstruction: Clinical Results and Outcomes in 188 Patients with Gastric Cancer
Authors: Ota Mitsuhiko , Oki Eiji , Hu Qingjiang , Nonaka Kentaro , Nambara Sho , Nakanishi Ryota , Nakanoko Tomonori , Kimura Yasue , Yoshizumi Tomoharu 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:
Laparoscopic gastrectomy is widely used as a curative treatment for gastric cancer. Although delta-shaped anastomosis is commonly used for Billroth I anastomosis after totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (TLDG), it has some drawbacks. The book-binding technique (BBT) was developed as an alternative, and this study aimed to examine its short-term results in 188 consecutive cases.

STUDY DESIGN:
This retrospective study included patients who underwent BBT reconstruction after TLDG for gastric malignancy between 2011 and 2020. BBT is a technique for intracorporeal gastroduodenostomy, which is a triangular anastomosis with a linear stapler that does not require additional dissection or rotation of the duodenum. The short-term outcomes of BBT reconstruction and postoperative endoscopic findings were analyzed.

RESULTS:
This study evaluated 188 patients who underwent TLDG and BBT reconstruction. Anastomotic stenosis and leakage occurred in 1.1% and 0.5% of the patients, respectively. The median time to the first diet was 3.1 days, and the median postoperative hospital stay was 11.9 days. BBT anastomoses were performed by 19 surgeons and took an average of 32.8 minutes to complete, with completion times decreasing as the surgical team became more proficient. On endoscopy performed 1 year postoperatively, 5.2% had reflux esophagitis (grade A or higher), 67.8% had gastritis (grade 1 or higher), 37.4% had residual food (grade 1 or higher), and 37.4% had bile reflux (grade 1).

CONCLUSIONS:
BBT is a safe and feasible method for intracorporeal gastroduodenostomy in TLDG for patients with gastric malignancy and demonstrates good surgical outcomes.
ILIAD: A suite of automated Snakemake workflows for processing genomic data for downstream applications
Authors: Herrick Noah , Walsh Susan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundProcessing raw genomic data for downstream applications such as imputation, association studies, and modeling requires numerous third-party bioinformatics software tools. It is highly time-consuming and resource-intensive with computational demands and storage limitations that pose significant challenges that increase cost. The use of software tools independent of one another, in a disjointed stepwise fashion, increases the difficulty and sets forth higher error rates because of fragmented job executions in alignment, variant calling, and/or build conversion complications. As sequencing data availability grows, the ability of biologists to process it using stable, automated, and reproducible workflows is paramount as it significantly reduces the time to generate clean and reliable data.ResultsTheIliadsuite of genomic data workflows was developed to provide users with seamless file transitions from raw genomic data to a quality-controlled variant call format (VCF) file for downstream applications.Iliadbenefits from the efficiency of the Snakemake best practices framework coupled with Singularity and Docker containers for repeatability, portability, and ease of installation. This feat is accomplished from the onset with download acquisitions of any raw data type (FASTQ, CRAM, IDAT) straight through to the generation of a clean merged data file that can combine any user-preferred datasets using robust programs such as BWA, Samtools, and BCFtools. Users can customize and direct their workflow with one straightforward configuration file.Iliadis compatible with Linux, MacOS, and Windows platforms and scalable from a local machine to a high-performance computing cluster.ConclusionIliadoffers automated workflows with optimized time and resource management that are comparable to other workflows available but generates analysis-ready VCF files from the most common datatypes using a single command. The storage footprint challenge of genomic data is overcome by utilizing temporary intermediate files before the final VCF is generated. This file is ready for use in imputation, genome-wide association study (GWAS) pipelines, high-throughput population genetics studies, select gene candidate studies, and more.Iliadwas developed to be portable, compatible, scalable, robust, and repeatable with a simplistic setup, so biologists who are less familiar with programming can manage their own big data with this open-source suite of workflows.
Blocking Formation of Neurotoxic Reactive Astrocytes is Beneficial Following Stroke
Authors: Prescott Kimberly , Münch Alexandra E. , Brahms Evan , Weigel Maya M. , Inoue Kenya , Buckwalter Marion S. , Liddelow Shane A. , Peterson Todd C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMicroglia and astrocytes play an important role in the neuroinflammatory response and contribute to both the destruction of neighboring tissue as well as the resolution of inflammation following stroke. These reactive glial cells are highly heterogeneous at both the transcriptomic and functional level. Depending upon the stimulus, microglia and astrocytes mount a complex, and specific response composed of distinct microglial and astrocyte substates. These substates ultimately drive the landscape of the initiation and recovery from the adverse stimulus. In one state, inflammation- and damage-induced microglia release tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin 1α (IL1α), and complement component 1q (C1q), together ‘TIC’. This cocktail of cytokines drives astrocytes into a neurotoxic reactive astrocyte (nRA) substate. This nRA substate is associated with loss of many physiological astrocyte functions (e.g., synapse formation and maturation, phagocytosis, among others), as well as a gain-of-function release of neurotoxic long-chain fatty acids which kill neighboring cells. Here we report that transgenic removal of TIC led to reduction of gliosis, infarct expansion, and worsened functional deficits in the acute and delayed stages following stroke. Our results suggest that TIC cytokines, and likely nRAs play an important role that may maintain neuroinflammation and inhibit functional motor recovery after ischemic stroke. This is the first report that this paradigm is relevant in stroke and that therapies against nRAs may be a novel means to treat patients. Since nRAs are evolutionarily conserved from rodents to humans and present in multiple neurodegenerative diseases and injuries, further identification of mechanistic role of nRAs will lead to a better understanding of the neuroinflammatory response and the development of new therapies.
A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS ON THE EFFECT OF CURCUMIN (TURMERIC) ON FASTING BLOOD GLUCOSE AND GLYCATED HAEMOGLOBIN IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Innocent David Chinaecherem , Innocent Rejoicing Chijindum , Kumar Ramesh , Rabaan Ali A. , Emerole Chiagoziem Ogazirilem , Ayando Oluwaseunayo Deborah , Dike Ihuoma Chimdimma , Duruji Chinazaekpere Oguguo 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundHyperglycemia is a recurring metabolic condition known as diabetes mellitus. When glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) >6.5% and fasting blood glucose (FBG) continuously falls below 126 mg/dl, it is clinically diagnosed. Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and the emergence of diabetic complications are mostly mediated by oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Research on the use of natural anti-inflammatory and antioxidant substances, such as curcumin (turmeric), as an adjuvant treatment in the management of T2DM is becoming more and more popular. However, the effects of curcumin on glycemic control in T2DM patients have varied according to the outcomes of randomised control trials. Therefore, this systematic review/meta-analysis was aimed at synthesizing findings from different RCTs to determine the effect of curcumin on fasting blood glucose and glycated haemoglobin in patients with T2DM.MethodSearches were conducted in electronic databases and other sources such as PubMed, CINAHL, CENTRAL, ProQuest, Web of Science, Health Technology Assessment (HTA), Scopus, LILACS,clinicaltrials.govand google scholar. Key search terms use included curcumin, fasting blood glucose, glycated haemoglobin, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Relevant RCTs conducted within the last 12 years (2009-2022) were selected and assessed against the inclusion criteria. A summary of the search strategy was presented on a PRISMA flow chart. Data were extracted using standardised data extraction forms and meta-analysis was performed using the RevMan version 5.3. and results presented using forest plots.ResultsFive RCTs with a total of 349 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Curcumin supplementation significantly reduced fasting blood glucose and glycated haemoglobin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus when compared with the usual drugs. FBG (MD: -1.84, 95% CI: -4.92 to 1.24, P=0.24, I2=15%). HbA1c (MD: -0.24, 95% CI: -0.55 to 0.07, P=0.13, I2=0%).ConclusionCurcumin supplementation is effective in the management of T2DM and diabetic complication. Further research on ways to bypass the challenges of bioavailability such as the use of nano-micelles may produce greater therapeutic effects on diabetes management.
Quantification of membrane fluidity in bacteria using TIR-FCS
Authors: Barbotin Aurélien , Billaudeau Cyrille , Sezgin Erdinc , Carballido-López Rut 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCell membrane fluidity is an important phenotypic feature that regulates the diffusion, function and folding of transmembrane and membrane-associated proteins. It is particularly interesting to study it in bacteria as variations in membrane fluidity are known to affect fundamental cellular processes such as respiration, transport and antibiotic resistance. As such key parameter, membrane fluidity is regulated to adapt to environmental variations and stresses like temperature fluctuations or osmotic shocks. Membrane fluidity has been however scarcely studied quantitatively in bacterial cells, mostly because of the lack of available tools. Here, we developed an assay based on total internal reflection fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (TIR-FCS) to directly measure membrane fluidity in live bacteria via the diffusivity of fluorescent membrane markers. We used this assay to quantify the fluidity of the cytoplasmic membrane of the Gram-positive model bacteriumBacillus subtilisin response to a cold shock, caused by a shift from 37°C to 20°C. In our experimental conditions, steady-state fluidity was recovered within 30 mins, and the steady-state fluidity at 20°C was about half of that at 37°C. Our minimally invasive assay opens up exciting perspectives and could be used to study a wide range of phenomena affecting the bacterial membrane, from disruption by antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides, or osmotic shocks.SignificanceUsing fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) with total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) illumination, we measured the diffusion speed of fluorescent membrane markers as a readout for membrane fluidity of growingB. subtiliscells. Quantification of the effect of cold shock provided unique information about the dynamics of the plasma membrane ofB. subtilis. The unprecedented capability of TIR-FCS to quantify membrane fluidity in living bacteria opens the door to a whole set of new studies that will shed light on the bacterial plasma membrane and its interactions with the environment.
Differential kinematic coding in sensorimotor striatum across species-typical and learned behaviors reflects a difference in control
Authors: Hardcastle Kiah , Marshall Jesse D. , Gellis Amanda , Klibaite Ugne , Wang William , Chalyshkan Selimzhan , Ölveczky Bence P. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe sensorimotor arm of the basal ganglia is a major part of the mammalian motor control network, yet whether it is essential for generating natural behaviors or specialized for learning and controlling motor skills is unclear. We examine this by contrasting contributions of the sensorimotor striatum (rodent dorsolateral striatum, DLS) to spontaneously expressed species-typical behaviors versus those adapted for a task. In stark contrast to earlier work implicating DLS in the control of acquired skills, bilateral lesions had no discernable effects on the expression or detailed kinematics of species-typical behaviors, such as grooming, rearing, or walking. To probe the neural correlates underlying this dissociation, we compared DLS activity across the behavioral domains. While neural activity reflected the kinematics of both learned and species-typical behaviors, the coding schemes were very different. Taken together, we did not find evidence for the basal ganglia circuit being required for species-typical behaviors; rather, our results suggest that it monitors ongoing movement and learns to alter its output to shape skilled behaviors in adaptive and task-specific ways.
From Context to Code: Rational De Novo DNA Design and Predicting Cross-Species DNA Functionality Using Deep Learning Transformer Models
Authors: Dahiya Gurvinder Singh , Bakken Thea Isabel , Fages-Lartaud Maxime , Lale Rahmi 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTSynthetic biology currently operates under a framework dominated by trial-and-error approaches, which hinders the effective engineering of organisms and the expansion of large-scale biomanufacturing. Motivated by the success of computational designs in areas like architecture and aeronautics, we aspire to transition to a more efficient and predictive methodology in synthetic biology. In this study, we report a DNA Design Platform that relies on the predictive power of Transformer-based deep learning architectures. The platform transforms the conventional paradigms in synthetic biology by enabling the context-sensitive and host-specific engineering of 5′ regulatory elements—promoters and 5′ untranslated regions (UTRs) along with an array of codon-optimised coding sequence (CDS) variants. This allows us to generate context-sensitive 5′ regulatory sequences and CDSs, achieving an unparalleled level of specificity and adaptability in different target hosts. With context-aware design, we significantly broaden the range of possible gene expression profiles and phenotypic outcomes, substantially reducing the need for laborious high-throughput screening efforts. Our context-aware, AI-driven design strategy marks a significant advancement in synthetic biology, offering a scalable and refined approach for gene expression optimisation across a diverse range of expression hosts. In summary, this study represents a substantial leap forward in the field, utilising deep learning models to transform the conventional design, build, test, learn-cycle into a more efficient and predictive framework.
Genomic insights into the comorbidity between type 2 diabetes and schizophrenia
Authors: Arruda Ana Luiza , Khandaker Golam M. , Morris Andrew P. , Davey Smith George , Huckins Laura M. , Zeggini Eleftheria 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMultimorbidity represents an increasingly important public health challenge with far-reaching implications for health management and policy. Mental health and metabolic diseases have a well-established epidemiological association. In this study, we investigate the genetic intersection between type 2 diabetes and schizophrenia. We use Mendelian randomization to examine potential causal relationships between the two conditions and related endophenotypes. We report no compelling evidence that type 2 diabetes genetic liability potentially causally influences schizophrenia risk andvice versa. Our findings show that increased body mass index (BMI) has a protective effect against schizophrenia, in contrast to the well-known risk-increasing effect of BMI on type 2 diabetes risk. We identify evidence of colocalization of association signals for these two conditions at 11 genomic loci, six of which have opposing directions of effect for type 2 diabetes and schizophrenia. To elucidate these colocalizing signals, we integrate multi-omics data from bulk and single-cell gene expression studies, along with functional information. We identify high-confidence effector genes and find that they are enriched for homeostasis and lipid-related pathways. We also highlight drug repurposing opportunities including N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists. Our findings provide insights into shared biological mechanisms for type 2 diabetes and schizophrenia, highlighting common factors that influence the risk of the two conditions in opposite directions and shedding light on the complex nature of this comorbidity.
Intellectual capital in hospitality and tourism: a critical review and future research agenda
Authors: Dzenopoljac Vladimir , Senic Vladimir , Labben Thouraya Gherissi , Arici Hasan Evrim , Koseoglu Mehmet ali 
Published: October 2023

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to provide a critical review of the intellectual capital (IC) research in hospitality and tourism (HT) literature.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses 141 research papers published on IC in HT between 2003 and 2021 to offer the findings of a systematic review of publications that cover the issue of IC as a holistic concept, rather than just a component of it, within the sector.FindingsThe progress on the topic is addressed. The authors' findings also reveal the related research productivity, main themes compared to other service sectors and methodologies applied in the knowledge field. In order to provide a tangible structure in the field, a research agenda is offered.Research limitations/implicationsThis study analyzed the development of IC research in the HT literature by focusing on journal articles in the Scopus database. The findings could aid researchers in (re)designing their study goals so they may add to both general IC literature and literature related to HT.Originality/valueA strong positive relationship between IC and HT organizations’ performance has been demonstrated, but no study has previously mapped the research constituents of publications in IC research. To contribute to the endeavor of knowledge consolidation on this subject, the authors' paper covers the research that has been done so far on the under-researched issue of IC in HT from a new perspective.