bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges in Thoracic Oncological Interpretation
Authors: Azour Lea 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Thoracic oncologic imaging interpretation includes evaluation of technical, patient, lung, and lesion features to reach leading differential considerations. Subsequent imaging-based management recommendations synthesize this evaluation of disease morphology with knowledge of histopathology and clinical outcomes.
Challenges in thoracic oncologic imaging interpretation arise due to the variability in lung lesion growth rates, the range of imaging presentations of lung malignancies, the existence of pathologies with overlapping appearances, and the possibility of intercurrent neoplastic and nonneoplastic processes. Awareness of these features, as well as evolving algorithmic guidelines for the screening and surveillance of thoracic oncological diseases, can facilitate the accurate and standard reporting of oncologic findings.
Diagnosis of Focal Lung Disease
Authors: Leung Ann 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Diagnosis of focal lung disease which, by definition, is confined to one distinct area of the lung is one of the most common clinical scenarios encountered on chest imaging studies. The first step in the diagnostic approach on CT studies is determination of the primary area of involvement: airway, vessel, parenchyma, or pleura. For focal lung disease localized in the lung parenchyma, the differential diagnosis is largely based upon its primary manifestation using the following morphologic groups: nodule/mass; abnormalities of lung attenuation; and linear opacities, septal or non-septal. The differential diagnosis can be further refined by sequential evaluation initially directed to the area of involvement to determine potential distinguishing characteristics followed by completion of a “satisfaction of search” to note important positive and negative findings. Comparison with prior imaging studies and integration of patient demographics and past medical history are important to allow an accurate and relevant list of diagnostic possibilities. To minimize the likelihood of errors associated with failed heuristics and cognitive biases, radiologists should mentally structure their differential diagnosis by categories of disease with thoughtful selection and prioritization of the top three categories and the two to three most likely entities within each categorical group.
Pulmonary Manifestations of Systemic Diseases
Authors: Schaefer-Prokop Cornelia , Pompe Esther 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter provides a review of pulmonary manifestations associated with systemic diseases, particularly focusing on sarcoidosis, connective tissue diseases (CTDs), and vasculitis. The role of imaging, especially high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), is highlighted as a key tool in diagnosing and managing these conditions. Pulmonary sarcoidosis, the most common manifestation in systemic diseases, presents varied CT findings from typical perilymphatic nodules to complex fibrotic changes, with prognosis often related to the extent of pulmonary involvement. The chapter also covers CTD-related lung disease, including conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, and polymyositis/dermatomyositis, where the extent and type of lung involvement often dictate prognosis. It emphasizes that while imaging findings can suggest CTD, diagnosis is primarily reliant on serological and clinical criteria, highlighting the multidisciplinary approach needed for accurate diagnosis and management. Furthermore, pulmonary vasculitis, including ANCA-associated vasculitis and Goodpasture’s syndrome, presents with distinct imaging features that may guide treatment decisions. The chapter underscores the importance of early detection and consistent monitoring of lung disease in patients with systemic conditions to improve patient outcomes, with specific attention to the prognostic value of imaging patterns in these diseases.
Pulmonary Vascular Disease
Authors: Kallianos Kimberly 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Familiarity with the CT features of pulmonary vascular disease, including pulmonary embolism and pulmonary hypertension, is essential to ensure diagnostic accuracy. Acute and chronic pulmonary emboli have characteristic imaging findings; however, the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism can be challenging due to the high prevalence of image artifacts. Foreign materials may also embolize within the pulmonary arterial system. While relatively uncommon, pulmonary hypertension is disorder where accurate interpretation of CT imaging features is of critical importance. The World Health Organization (WHO) has defined a classification scheme with five groups of pulmonary hypertension patients. Characteristic lung parenchymal findings, in addition to pulmonary arterial abnormalities, are useful in distinguishing the etiology of pulmonary hypertension and in determining the most appropriate management.
Academic Qualification of Second Career Teachers in Mathematics—challenges, Conditions of Success and Desiderata
Authors: Hoffkamp Andrea , Koch Kerstin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Since October 2017, the Faculty of Mathematics at TU Dresden has been responsible for the academic training of second career mathematics teachers. In our article, we present the programme for scientific education in the Faculty of Mathematics and address the specific requirements in academic teaching. On the basis of selected results of various surveys, we exemplify the challenges we face in the education in mathematics and in the subject didactics of mathematics. We present how we meet these challenges and discuss conditions for success. In the conclusion, we use criteria for the effectiveness of teacher training and standards of academic profession in teacher education to discuss the extent to which the qualification programme is an effective teacher training format and what desiderata still exist.
Teacher Shortages in Germany—Causes, Countermeasures, and Assessments by Educational Scientists
Authors: Kreienbaum Maria Anna , Wüllner Sabrina 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Currently, in most of the Federal States in Germany, there are shortages of highly qualified teachers. In the presented study, the discussed causes and recommended measures regarding the phenomenon are summarized and systematized. For this purpose, interviews with eight educational scientists of different denominations were conducted. Next, the results obtained through content analysis were systematized in a discursively designed instance model. Then, a communicative validation as well as a classification and discussion of the crisis took place during a two-day conference at the University of Wuppertal. On the one hand, the interviewees refer to the aspects focused on in the academic discourse, for instance, when they take a critical look at demand forecasts or regard lateral entry as a possible solution. On the other hand, reinterpretations and reassessments of certain aspects become clear when dropouts or the pursuit of alternative career paths are interpreted in a positive way.
Educating Ireland’s First Generation of Computer Science Teachers for Secondary and Primary Schools; an Unfinished Story
Authors: O’Brien Pamela , Kiely Natasha , Galvin Conor 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The introduction of Computer Science, as a formal curricular area, in the Irish education system has provided many opportunities for the Department of Education, professional development bodies, schools, teachers and students. However, it has also posed significant challenges, particularly in the area of upskilling teachers equipped to teach the subject. This paper presents an overview of the historical and current approach to the introduction of this new subject area, and introduces one innovative and novel professional development provision for teachers, developed by the Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest (TUS). It outlines the lessons learned through the design and delivery of the post graduate Computer Science for Teachers programmes by the TUS team, to support the introduction of the new project based, student led Computer Science curriculum at second level. Finally, it looks to the future of teacher education in this challenging and exciting subject domain.
DNA methylation patterns contribute to changes of cellular differentiation pathways in leukocytes with LOY from patients with Alzheimer´s disease
Authors: Jąkalski Marcin , Bruhn-Olszewska Bożena , Rychlicka-Buniowska Edyta , Davies Hanna , Sarkisyan Daniil , Siedlar Maciej , Baran Jarosław , Węglarczyk Kazimierz , Jaszczynski Janusz , Ryś Janusz , Gedraitis Vilmantas , Filipowicz Natalia , Klich-Rączka Alicja , Kilander Lena , Ingelsson Martin , Dumanski Jan P. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common and increasing societal problem due to the extending human lifespan. In males, loss of chromosome Y (LOY) in leukocytes is strongly associated with AD. We studied here DNA methylation and RNA expression in sorted monocytes and granulocytes with and without LOY from male AD patients. Through multi-omic analysis, we identified new candidate genes along with those previously associated with AD. Global analyses of DNA methylation in samples with LOY vs. normal state showed that hypomethylation dominated both in granulocytes and monocytes. Our findings highlight LOY-related differences in DNA methylation that occur in gene regulatory regions. Specifically, we observed alterations in key genes involved in leukocyte differentiation: FLI1, involved in early hematopoiesis; RUNX1, essential for blood cell development; RARA, regulating gene expression in response to retinoic acid; CANX, crucial for protein folding; CEBPB, a transcription factor important for immune responses; and MYADM, implicated in cell adhesion and migration. Moreover, protein–protein interaction analysis in granulocytes identified that products of two of these genes, CANX and CEBPB, are key hub proteins. This research underscores the potential of multi-omic approach in pure hematopoietic cell populations to uncover the molecular underpinnings of AD. Finally, our results link previous analysis showing impact of LOY on leukocyte differentiation, LOY-associated transcriptional dysregulation and GWAS studies of LOY.
Data autonomy and privacy in the smart home: the case for a privacy smart home meta-assistant
Authors: Orlowski Alexander , Loh Wulf 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this paper, we focus on privacy risks in smart home environments and their implications for privacy and data protection. As with other Internet of Things (IoT) devices, the collection and processing of user data in smart home environments currently lack transparency and control. Smart home applications operate within the home, a space that is both morally and legally particularly protected and characterized by a implicit expectation of privacy from the user’s perspective. In contrast to these higher privacy risks, the current regulatory efforts are not yet up to speed with respect to smart home environments. As an interim workaround solution, in this paper, we propose a meta-assistant for the smart home that increases users’ data autonomy and thereby their privacy. In the first section, we give a brief overview of smart home applications, their data collection mechanisms, and the implications for user privacy. Following this, we argue in the second section that consent to datafication, i.e., the prevalent legal option to obtain legal grounds for data collection and processing, in most smart home contexts is—albeit legally sufficient—morally inadequate to provide meaningful possibilities for users to exercise their data autonomy and manage their privacy. The third section introduces an interim solution, outlining the possibility of a meta-assistant, which is capable of operating all other devices—if necessary, by shutting them off completely.
Modellierung der Hämoglobindegeneration im UV-Vis-Bereich als Unterstützung der forensischen Altersschätzung von Blutflecken
Authors: Bergmann Tommy , Heinke Florian , Thomas Aurélien , Grabherr Silke , Labudde Dirk 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund
Die forensische Altersschätzung von Blutflecken mittels UV-Vis-Spektroskopie basiert auf der Degradation von Hämoglobinderivaten und bietet eine vielversprechende Methode für die Tatortarbeit. Allerdings erschweren Umweltfaktoren wie Temperatur, Licht und Feuchtigkeit die praktische Anwendung, da sie die Alterungsprozesse beeinflussen.

Ziel der Arbeit
Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Modellierung der Hämoglobinderivatverläufe in alternden Blutflecken. Durch simulationsbasierte Spektren können Blutalterungsprozesse unter verschiedenen Umweltbedingungen mathematisch abgebildet werden, um die forensische Blutanalyse zu verbessern.

Methodik
Alternde Vollblutproben wurden unter kontrollierten Bedingungen mittels UV-Vis-Spektroskopie analysiert. Zur Modellierung wurde ein statistisches Modell mit der Hamiltonian-Monte-Carlo(HMC)-Methode entwickelt. Der iterative Prozess umfasste die Identifikation spektraler Einflüsse, deren Integration ins Modell und eine schrittweise Optimierung der Parameter.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion
Die Modelle ermöglichen eine realitätsnahe Simulation der Hämoglobinderivatverläufe, die mit experimentellen Daten gut übereinstimmen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen das Potenzial statistischer Modellierung zur Ergänzung experimenteller Untersuchungen und Verbesserung der forensischen UV-Vis-Spektroskopie. Weitere Arbeiten sind nötig, um Umwelteinflüsse detaillierter zu erfassen.

Graphic abstract
On a symplectic quantum Howe duality
Authors: Bodish Elijah , Tubbenhauer Daniel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We prove a nonsemisimple quantum version of Howe’s duality with the rank 2n symplectic and the rank 2 special linear group acting on the exterior algebra of type C. We also discuss the first steps towards the symplectic analog of harmonic analysis on quantum spheres, give character formulas for various fundamental modules, and construct canonical bases of the exterior algebra.
Classification of symplectic birational involutions of manifolds of OG10 type
Authors: Marquand Lisa , Muller Stevell 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We give a complete classification of symplectic birational involutions of manifolds of OG10 type. We approach this classification with three techniques—via involutions of the Leech lattice, via involutions of cubic fourfolds, and finally lattice enumeration via a modified Kneser’s neighbour algorithm. The classification consists of three involutions with an explicit geometric realisation via cubic fourfolds, and three exceptional involutions which cannot be obtained by any known construction.
Monitoring phage infection and lysis of surface-immobilized bacteria by QCM-D
Authors: Pothineni Bhanu K. , Probst René , Kiefer Dorothee , Dobretzberger Verena , Barišić Ivan , Grundmeier Guido , Keller Adrian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
While being a promising approach for the treatment of infections caused by drug-resistant, pathogenic bacteria, the clinical implementation of phage therapy still faces several challenges. One of these challenges lies in the high strain-specificity of most bacteriophages, which makes it necessary to screen large phage collections against the target pathogens in order to identify suitable candidates for the formulations of personalized therapeutic phage cocktails. In this work, we evaluate the potential of quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) to identify and detect phage infection and subsequent lysis of bacteria immobilized on the surfaces of the QCM-D sensors. Using lytic Escherichia coli phage T7 as a model, we show that phage infection of E. coli cells results in various unique alterations in the behaviors of the frequency (Δf) and dissipation (ΔD) signals, which are not observed during exposure of the E. coli strain to non-infectious Bacillus subtilis phage phi29 at similar concentration. To aid future phage screening campaigns, we furthermore identify a single measurement parameter, i.e., the spread between the different overtones of ΔD, that can be used to detect phage-induced lysis. For T7 infection of E. coli, this is achieved within 4 h after inoculation, including immobilization and growth of the bacteria on the sensor surface, as well as the completed phage propagation cycle. Given the commercial availability of highly automated multichannel systems and the fact that this approach does not require any sensor modifications, QCM-D has the potential to become a valuable tool for screening medium-sized phage collections against target pathogens.

Graphical Abstract
External validation of a predictive model for post-treatment persistent disease by 131I whole-body scintigraphy in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Nappi Carmela , Megna Rosario , Zampella Emilia , Volpe Fabio , Piscopo Leandra , Falzarano Maria , Vallone Carlo , Pace Leonardo , Petretta Mario , Cuocolo Alberto , Klain Michele 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
We performed an external validation of a predictive model for persistent/metastatic disease in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) at post-treatment 131I whole-body scintigraphy (WBS).

Methods
Our study population included 836 patients (median age 44 years, 78% women) with DTC referred from 1994 to 2021 at our center. Age, sex, histology, T stage, N stage, American Thyroid Association risk classes, thyroid-stimulating hormone, radioactive iodine (RAI) activity, and thyroglobulin (Tg) levels were considered potential predictors of post-treatment WBS results. For the external validation, N stage and Tg levels were put into the decision tree (DT) model using its same Tg cut-off values.

Results
Ninety-nine patients (12%) had positive post-treatment WBS. The area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for predicting WBS findings through the external validation was 0.60 (95% confidence interval, CI, 0.56–0.64), and positive and negative predictive values were 58% (95% CI, 41–74%) and 90% (95% CI, 88–92%). We also developed an internal model including the independent predictors of WBS findings (i.e., Tg levels, T stage, N stage, and RAI activity). For this model the area under ROC curve was 0.75 (95% CI, 0.69–0.81), and positive and negative predictive values were 90% (95% CI, 68–99% and 88–92%).

Conclusions
The external validation of the proposed DT model has a limited value for predicting post-treatment 131I-WBS findings in our patients. The internal model including also T stage and RAI activity demonstrates higher predictive value.
Harnessing TAGAP to improve immunotherapy for lung squamous carcinoma treatment by targeting c-Rel in CD4+ T cells
Authors: Cai Peian , Sun Haibo , Jiang Tongmeng , Li Huawei , Huang Dejing , Hao Xiaopei , Wang Wei , Xing Wenqun , Liang Guanghui 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Revealing the immunosenescence, particularly in CD4+ T cell function in lung squamous carcinoma (LUSC) assists in devising individual treatment strategies. This study identifies differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between ROS1 mutated (ROS1
MUT) and wild-type (ROS1
WT) LUSC samples from the TCGA database. Using WGCNA, immune-related DEGs (IRGs) were screened. Prognostic signatures derived from IRGs were used to compare immune infiltration, chemotherapy sensitivity, and immune-phenotyping score (IPS) between high- and low-risk subgroups. Hub gene abundance in different cell clusters was analyzed via Sc-seq. TAGAP overexpression or silencing was employed to assess its impact on cytokines production and differentiation of CD4+ T cells, downstream c-Rel expression, and tumor progression. High-risk subgroups exhibited decreased infiltration of natural killer, follicular helper T, and CD8+ T cells, but increased plasma, CD4+ memory resting T, and macrophage M2 cells. These subgroups were more sensitive to Sunitinib and CTLA4 blockade. TAGAP expression was significantly reduced in LUSC. Overexpressing TAGAP enhanced CD4+ T cells to produce cytokines, promoted differentiation into Th1/Th17 cells, inhibited Treg conversion, and suppressed LUSC cell phenotype in vitro. TAGAP overexpression in CD4+ T cells also inhibited LUSC tumor growth and boosted immune infiltration in vivo. TAGAP’s effects on CD4+ T cells were partly reversed by c-Rel overexpression, highlighting TAGAP's role in rejuvenating CD4+ T cells and exerting anticancer effects by inhibiting c-Rel. This study elucidates the novel therapeutic potential of targeting TAGAP to modulate CD4+ T cell activity in immunotherapy for LUSC.
Monitoring peripheral blood data supports the prediction of immunotherapy response in advanced non-small cell lung cancer based on real-world data
Authors: Ramos-Guerra Ana D. , Farina Benito , Rubio Pérez Jaime , Vilalta-Lacarra Anna , Zugazagoitia Jon , Peces-Barba Germán , Seijo Luis M. , Paz-Ares Luis , Gil-Bazo Ignacio , Dómine Gómez Manuel , Ledesma-Carbayo María J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The identification of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who will benefit from immunotherapy remains a clinical challenge. Monitoring real-world data (RWD) in the first cycles of therapy may provide a more accurate representation of response patterns in a real-world setting. We propose a multivariate Bayesian joint model using generalized linear mixed effects, trained and validated on RWD from 424 advanced NSCLC patients retrospectively collected from three clinical centers. Center1 was used as training (

$$N=212$$

N
=
212

), while Center2 and Center3 were used as independent testing sets (

$$N=137$$

N
=
137

and

$$N=75$$

N
=
75

, respectively). Peripheral blood data (PBD) were collected at baseline and at three follow-up time points, alongside demographic and epidemiologic features. Six models were trained to predict progression-free survival at 6 months, PFS(6), using different number of longitudinal samples (baseline, two, or four time points) of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) or a multivariate feature selection. Long-term predictions at 12 and 24 months were also evaluated. Prediction accuracy was measured using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The proposed model significantly improved prediction performance, achieving AUCs of 0.870, 0.804 and 0.827 at 6, 12 and 24 months for Center2, and 0.824, 0.822 and 0.667 for Center3. There was also a significant difference in PFS and overall survival (OS) between predicted response groups, defined by a 6-month PFS cutoff (log-rank test

$$p<0.001$$

p
<
0.001

). Our study suggests that the integration of multiple biomarkers and monitored PBD in an RWD-based Bayesian joint model framework significantly improves immunotherapy response prediction in advanced NSCLC compared to conventional approaches involving biomarker data at baseline only.