bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI in normal and abnormal prostate tissues as defined by biopsy, MRI, and 3D MRSI
Authors: Noworolski S.M. , Henry R.G. , Vigneron D.B. , Kurhanewicz J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis study characterized dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) MRI of prostate tissues: cancerous peripheral zone (PZ), normal PZ, stromal benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and glandular BPH. MRI, MRSI, and DCE MRI were performed on 25 patients. Tissues were identified with MRI, MRSI, and (when available) biopsy results. Motion between MRI and DCE MRI, and within DCE MRI was assessed and manually corrected. To assess tissue and patient effects, native T1's were measured in 12 of 25 patients, and DCE MRI results were normalized to muscle enhancement. Regions of cancer had a higher peak enhancement (P < 0.006), faster enhancement rate (P < 0.0008), and faster washout slope (P < 0.05) than normal PZ tissues. Stromal BPH had the fastest enhancement rate (P < 0.003) of all tissues and tended to have the greatest enhancement. Intersequence motion averaged 2.6 mm and reached 7.9 mm. Motion within DCE MRI was generally minimal (<2 pixels), but one case showed a large shift that would have confounded the results. Native T1's were similar across the prostatic tissues. Interpatient variability in DCE MRI was only partially reduced by normalization to muscle. DCE MRI of the prostate discriminated PZ cancer from normal PZ tissues and predominantly stromal and glandular BPH. Magn Reson Med 53:249–255, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stochastic modeling for computational warranty analysis
Authors: Wortman M.A. , Elkins Debra A. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe examine two key stochastic processes of interest for warranty modeling: (1) remaining total warranty coverage time exposure and (2) warranty load (total items under warranty at time t). Integral equations suitable for numerical computation are developed to yield probability law for these warranty measures. These two warranty measures permit warranty managers to better understand time‐dependent warranty behavior, and thus better manage warranty cash reserves. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005.
Validation and advantages of FAWSETS perfusion measurements in skeletal muscle
Authors: Marro Kenneth I. , Hyyti Outi M. , Vincent Michelle A. , Kushmerick Martin J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis work discusses the strengths, limitations and validity of a novel arterial spin labeling technique when used specifically to measure perfusion in limb skeletal muscle. The technique, flow‐driven arterial water stimulation with elimination of tissue signal (FAWSETS), offers several advantages over existing arterial spin labeling techniques. The primary goal of this study was to determine the perfusion signal response to changes in net hind limb flow that were independently verifiable. The range of perfusate flow was relevant to skeletal muscle during mild to moderate exercise. Localized, single voxel measurements were acquired from a 5 mm‐thick slice in the isolated perfused rat hind limb at variable net flow rates. The results show that the perfusion signal is linearly proportional to net hind limb flow with a correlation coefficient of 0.974 (p = 0.0013). FAWSETS is especially well suited for studies of skeletal muscle perfusion, where it eliminates the need to compensate for magnetization transfer and arterial transit time effects. A conceptual discussion of the basic principles underlying these advantages is presented. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sputum induction in children with difficult asthma: Safety, feasibility, and inflammatory cell pattern
Authors: Lex Christiane , Payne Donald N.R. , Zacharasiewicz Angela , Li Albert M. , Wilson Nicola M. , Hansel Trevor T. , Bush Andrew 
Published: January 2005

AbstractDifficult childhood asthma is defined by persistent symptoms despite maximal conventional therapy. We aimed to establish a safe method of sputum induction for these children and to study cytology and the relationship to exhaled nitric oxide (eNO). Sputum induction was performed in 38/40 children (aged 6–16 years) with difficult asthma, using 3.5% saline for four 5‐min periods after bronchodilator pretreatment. Two children were excluded from sputum induction because postbronchodilator forced expired volume in 1 sec (FEV1) was <65% predicted. Seven of 38 children had symptoms (dyspnea and wheezing) during induction; of these, 3 experienced a fall in FEV1 of >20% from postbronchodilator FEV1, readily reversed with salbutamol. Sputum induction was successful in 28/38 children, with a higher success rate in children ≥ 12 years than in younger children (87% vs. 50%, P = 0.02). Only 9/28 had abnormal sputum cytology; of these, 6 had predominant sputum eosinophilia (>2.5% eosinophils, ≤54% neutrophils), while 3 had sputum neutrophilia (≤2.5% eosinophils, >54% neutrophils). Of 23 children with elevated eNO values, only 6 had sputum eosinophilia. In conclusion, sputum induction can be used to assess airway inflammation in children with difficult asthma, but abnormal sputum cytology is only present in a minority. Raised nitric oxide is only poorly predictive of sputum eosinophilia in these children. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2005; 39:318–324. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thrombophilia in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Balfour‐Lynn I.M. , Malbon K. , Burman J.F. , Davidson S.J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn some children with cystic fibrosis (CF), percutaneous long lines occlude sooner than expected (due to thrombophlebitis or thrombosis), and many have a totally implantable venous access device (TIVAD), a recognized complication of which is thrombosis. This complication is more likely if the child has an underlying thrombotic tendency, which may be enhanced in the presence of inflammatory lung disease. There are no reports of an identified association of heritable thrombophilia with CF, although individual cases have been recognized. Our aim was to determine the incidence of thrombophilia in children with CF. In a tertiary pediatric CF center, blood was screened for thrombophilia at annual review, and retested if abnormal. A thrombotic abnormality was found in 41/204 (20%) patients. These included activated protein C resistance (10/204, 5%) with a prevalence similar to that expected, but the following abnormalities had an increased prevalence: antithrombin deficiency (2/204, 1%), protein S deficiency (11/204, 5%), protein C deficiency (8/204, 4%), and lupus anticoagulant (18/204, 9%). There were no differences found in those with thrombophilia for the following parameters: age, gender, genotype, lung function, presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, prothrombin time, serum IgE, aspergillus‐specific IgE, liver function, and blood inflammatory markers. Fifteen children had TIVADs, 4 of whom had evidence of thrombophilia. In conclusion, a significant proportion of patients had a thrombophilic abnormality. We recommend that thrombophilia screening be performed prior to insertion of a TIVAD, and also in those with a history of venous thrombosis, blocked TIVADs, or recurring problems with long lines. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2005; 39:306–310. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exercise‐induced respiratory symptoms are poor predictors of bronchoconstriction
Authors: De Baets Frans , Bodart Eddy , Dramaix‐Wilmet Michèle , Van Daele Sabine , de Bilderling Georges , Masset Sophie , Vermeire Paul , Michel Olivier 
Published: January 2005

AbstractExercise‐induced asthma (EIA) is a possible cause of poor physical performance in children. No data are available on the value of respiratory symptoms to discriminate children with bad physical fitness from children with EIA. We evaluated respiratory symptoms in school‐age children during and after exercise in relation to EIA. The population of 149 primary schools (849 classes with 15,241 children) was enrolled in the study. EIB was assessed using the 6‐min free‐running‐test (6MFRT) in 15,241 children. At the end or at premature arrest of the 6MFRT, signs reported by the children and clinical symptoms observed by supervising physicians were recorded. Peak flow measurements were obtained before and 5 and 10 min after the 6MFRT, a decrease of 15% or more being defined as significant. The 6MFRT was positive in 7.4% of primary schoolchildren. Girls were more likely to have a positive test than boys (8.5% vs. 6.4%,P < 0.001), and children living in urban areas more than those living in rural areas (8.9% vs. 7.0%,P < 0.01). Premature arrest was seen in 3.5% (i.e., n = 353) of the children. The main reasons for premature arrest were dyspnea and chest pain. Among them, only 21% had a positive 6MFRT, while 89% with a positive 6MFRT could terminate the test. Premature arrest, breathlessness, chest tightness, wheezing, and cough had a positive predictive value to detect a EIA of 21.9%, 20.8%, 36.4%, 41.2%, and 28.3%, respectively, and a sensitivity of 10.8%, 29.5%, 14.9%, 4.8%, and 13.0%, respectively. In conclusion, EIA was detected in 7.4% of schoolchildren. A slightly higher incidence was observed in girls and children from an urban area. Neither premature arrest nor clinical signs and symptoms were good predictors of EIA in primary schoolchildren. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2005; 39:301–305. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neonatal chest wall suspension splint: A novel and noninvasive method for support of lung volume
Authors: Miller Thomas L. , Palmer Charles , Shaffer Thomas H. , Wolfson Marla R. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractSurfactant and musculoskeletal immaturity results in lower compliance of the lung relative to the chest wall, with clinical manifestations of low lung volume, marked chest wall retractions (CWR), and thoracoabdominal asynchrony. Inspiratory efforts are dissipated on distorting the chest wall inward rather than recruiting lung volumes. The current study tests the hypothesis that a novel neonatal chest wall suspension splint (SP), designed to provide stability to the compliant chest wall, would reduce inspiratory chest wall retractions and improve lung volumes. Nine preterm infants (29 ± 1 SE weeks of gestation; 1.59 ± 0.27 SE kg study weight) were studied at 16 ± 5 SE days of life at baseline (BL) and following application of the front plate (FP) and the full SP (Hug n Snug™ Neonatal Chest Splint, Respironics, Inc.). Phase angle of thoracoabdominal motion, CWR, functional residual capacity (FRC), and pulmonary function were evaluated during spontaneous breathing. Compared to BL, there was a significant decrease in anterior CWR (2.21 ± 0.91 SE vs. 0.25 ± 0.09 SE mm; P < 0.05), an increase in FRC (16.6 ± 2.8 SE vs. 27.8 ± 5.5 SE ml/kg; P < 0.05) and tidal volume (4.8 ± 1.5 SE vs. 7.3 ± 1.4 SE ml/kg; P < 0.05), minimal effect on pulmonary compliance (1.98 ± 0.50 SE vs. 1.72 ± 0.30 SE ml/cmH2O/kg), and a trend for a decrease in phase angle (128.4 ± 10.9 SE vs. 111.8 ± 19.3 SE) with the application of the splint. FRC correlated inversely with severity of CWR across all conditions (P < 0.05, r = −0.68). Phase angle was directly correlated to anterior CWR (r = 0.72; P < 0.05) and correlated inversely with FRC (P < 0.005; r = −0.56). We speculate that by improving CW stability, the use of this splint may reduce the energetic requirements of breathing and, potentially, the need for more invasive ventilatory support in the neonate. Pediatr Pulmonol. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Full potential calculation of structural, elastic and electronic properties of BaZrO3 and SrZrO3
Authors: Terki R. , Feraoun H. , Bertrand G. , Aourag H. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAb initio calculations have been performed on the structural and electronic properties of perovskite‐type compounds BaZrO3 and SrZrO3 ceramics. The Kohn–Sham equations were solved by applying the full‐potential linearized augmented‐plane‐wave (FP‐LAPW) method. In this approach, the generalized gradient approximation was used for the exchange‐correlation potential. The ground state properties such as lattice parameter, elastic constants, bulk modulus and its pressure derivative were calculated and the results are compared with previous calculations and experimental data when available. The SrZrO3 perovskite should exhibit higher hardness and stiffness than BaZrO3. Furthermore, the electronic structure calculations show that these materials are weakly ionic and exhibit indirect and wide band gaps, which are typical of insulators. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A molecular dynamics study on liquid 1‐octanol. Part 3. Evaluating octanol/water partition coefficients of novel thrombin inhibitors via free‐energy perturbations
Authors: Fernandes De Oliveira César Augusto , Werneck Guimarães Cristiano Ruch , De Mello Heloisa , Echevarria Aurea , De Alencastro Ricardo Bicca 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThrombin inhibition is an important strategy for the treatment of thrombotic and embolic disorders. Despite high in vitro affinity for the enzyme, synthetic thrombin inhibitors have limited oral bioavailability due to low intestinal permeability. In a previous work, we obtained the following order for thrombin binding by using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and the finite difference thermodynamic integration (FDTI) method: p‐(2‐oxo‐1‐propyl)benzamidine (POPBz) > p‐ethylbenzamidine (PEBz) > p‐(1‐propyl)benzamidine (PPBz) > p‐methylbenzamidine (PMBz) > benzamidine (Bz). As the octanol/water partition coefficient (log Po/w) is a thermodynamic property that may be related to drug transfer across biological membranes, we now turn our attention to the calculation by the FDTI method of relative log Po/w for the benzamidine derivatives. To examine the reliability of the method, log Po/w values for Bz and PMBz were determined experimentally. Experimental log Po/w of −1.02 and −0.89 were obtained for Bz and PMBz, and theoretical log Po/w of −0.12, −0.01, and −1.00 were obtained for PEBz, PPBz, and POPBz. Thus, we improved the hydrophobicity of Bz by adding the methyl, ethyl, propyl, and 2‐oxo‐propyl groups, but further substitutions should be conducted to raise log Po/w above zero and into a region where reasonable oral absorption might be expected. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Simultaneous determination of zidovudine and lamivudine from rat tissues by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Alnouti Yazen , Lewis Summer R. , White Catherine A. , Bartlett Michael G. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA simple liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of zidovudine (AZT) and lamivudine (3TC) in rat plasma, amniotic fluid, placental, and fetal tissues. Samples were processed by acetonitrile precipitation. Chromatography was performed using a C18 column (5 μm, 150 × 3.9 mm i.d). The mobile phase consisted of 30% methanol and 7.5 mM ammonium acetate (pH 6.5). The method was validated in the range of 0.05–25 μg/mL for both 3TC and AZT in the four biological matrices. Finally, the method was applied to a study involving fetal transport following co‐administration of these compounds at a dose of 25 mg/kg each in a pregnant rat. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Weak solutions to a nonlinear variational wave equation with general data
Authors: Zhang Ping , Zheng Yuxi 
Published: January 2005

We establish the existence of global weak solutions to the initial value problem for a nonlinear variational wave equation

u_{tt}−c(u)(c(u)u_{x})_{x} = 0

with general initial data

(u(0)\text{,}u_{t}(0)) = (u_{0}\text{,}u_{1}) \in W^{1\text{,}2} \times L^{2}

under the assumptions that the wave speed

c(u)

satisfies

c^{′}( \cdot )⩾0

and

c^{′}(u_{0}( \cdot )) > 0

. Moreover, we obtain high regularity for the spatial derivative

\partial _{x}u

of the wave amplitude

u

away from where

c^{′}(u) = 0

. This equation arises from studies in nematic liquid crystals, long waves on a dipole chain, and a few other fields. We use Young measure method in the setting of

L^{p}

spaces and method of renormalization to overcome the difficulty that oscillations in a sequence of approximations get amplified by the quadratic growth term of the equation. We use a high space-time estimate for

\partial _{x}u

to handle possible concentrations. This result improves our earlier existence result for initial data in the space

W^{1\text{,}\infty } \times L^{\infty }

to the natural space

W^{1\text{,}2} \times L^{2}

.

Résumé

Nous prouvons l'éxistence de solutions faibles globales pour le problème de Cauchy concernant une équation des ondes non variationnelles

u_{tt}−c(u)(c(u)u_{x})_{x} = 0

avec des conditions initiales générales

(u(0)\text{,}u_{t}(0)) = (u_{0}\text{,}u_{1}) \in W^{1\text{,}2} \times L^{2}

sous l'hypothèse que la vitesse d'onde

c(u)

vérifie

c^{′}( \cdot )⩾0

et

c^{′}(u_{0}( \cdot )) > 0

. De plus, nous obtenons une régularité élevée pour la dérivée spatiale

\partial _{x}u

de l'amplitude

u

de l'onde loin de la zone où

c^{′}(u) = 0

. Cette équation intervient dans l'étude des crystaux liquides nématiques, d'ondes longues dans des chaînes dipolaires et de quelques autres domaines. Nous utilisons la méthode des mesures de Young dans le contexte d'espaces

L^{p}

et la méthode de renormalisation pour résoudre la difficulté de l'amplification par les termes à croissance quadratique de l'équation, des oscillations d'une suite d'approximations. Nous nous servons d'une estimée d'ordre élevé en espace et en temps pour

\partial _{x}u

afin de traiter les concentrations éventuelles. Ce résultat étend nos résultats d'éxistence antérieurs pour des données initiales dans l'espace

W^{1\text{,}\infty } \times L^{\infty }

au cas naturel de l'espace

W^{1\text{,}2} \times L^{2}

.
Production of transgenetic sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) plants resistant to phosphinothricin
Authors: Kishchenko E.M. , Komarnitskii I.K. , Kuchuk N.V. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA method of Agrobacterium‐mediated genetic transformation of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) with vacuum infiltration has been developed. Aseptic 3‐weeks old etiolated seedlings of two diploid O‐type sugarbeet lines (KS3 and KS7) have been used for genetic transformation. Transgenic sugarbeet plants carrying the reporter β‐glucuronidase gene have been selected for their resistance to glufosinate ammonium herbicide. Integration of transgenes into sugarbeet genome was confirmed with GUS assay and PCR using primers for bar and gusA genes.
Intracellular redistribution of heme in rat liver under oxidative stress: the role of heme synthesis*
Authors: Kaliman Pavel A. , Barannik Tatyana , Strel'chenko Ekaterina , Inshina Natalya , Sokol Oxana 
Published: January 2005

AbstractHeme distribution in subcellular fractions of rat liver was studied first hours under the action of several agents causing oxidative stress in vivo. Total and post‐mitochondrial heme content in liver was found to depend on both the level of hemolysis products in blood and agent's capacity to modify heme and hemoproteins. The increase of activity of 5‐aminolevulinate synthase (ALAS) and/or heme accumulation in mitochondria was accompanied by increase of tryptophan‐2,3‐dioxygenase (TDO) heme saturation. Membrane stabilisation by tocopherol or prevention of early ALAS induction by cycloheximide prevented both mitochondrial heme accumulation and increase of TDO heme saturation. Modification of heme fully prevented the alterations of total heme content even under severe hemolysis as well as the increase of TDO heme saturation if no increase of heme synthesis occurred. Thus heme synthesis can greatly contribute to heme intracellular redistribution under oxidative stress.
Bacterial multidrug resistance unrelated to multidrug exporters: cell biology insight
Authors: Cherepenko Yelena , Hovorun Dmytro M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractMultidrug resistance (MDR) revealed in malignant cell lines was firstly attributed to the activity of multidrug exporters pumping drugs out of the cell. However, mutagenised Escherichia coli develop extraordinary numerous mutants resistant to target inhibitor and we have shown that with mutations mapped around the entire genome most of the mutants were multiple‐resistant. In case of one such mutant studied MDR was shown as a sum of individual resistances due to mutations resulted in target and ligand sequestration and induced simultaneously in tightly linked, cassette‐like genes. An explanation of local mutagenesis efficiency and the nature of sequestration process is proposed. A cassette‐like organization of genes responsible for chemoresistance emergence could promote the local intensity of mutagenesis by a cassette facing the intracellular space and flux and contacting unlike other genes mutagen the first. Target and ligand sequestration could result from clogging the intracellular flux due to cytoplasm geometry alteration attributable to disorder—order transition in natively unfolded proteins affected with mutation.
Transfer of transformed chloroplasts from Nicotiana tabacum to the Lycium barbarum plants
Authors: Sytnik Ekaterina , Komarnytsky Igor , Gleba Yuri , Kuchuk Nikolay 
Published: January 2005

AbstractPlastid transformation is an attractive technology for obtaining crop plants with new useful characteristics and for fundamental researches of plastid functioning and nuclear—plastid interaction. The aim of our experiments was to obtain plants with Lycium barbarum nucleus and transformed Nicotiana tabacum plastids. Plastome of previously engineered transplastomic tobacco plants contains reporter uidA gene and selective aadA gene that confers resistance to antibiotics spectinomycin and streptomycin. Asymmetric somatic hybridization was performed for transferring transformed tobacco plastids from transplastomic tobacco plants into recipient L. barbarum wild type plants. Hybrid L. barbarum plants containing transformed tobacco plastome with active aadA and uidA genes were obtained as a result of the experiments. The work shows the possibility of obtaining transplastomic plants by transferring the transformed plastids to remote species by using somatic hybridization technology. The developed technique is especially effective for obtaining transplastomic plants that have low regeneration and transformation ability.
An assessment of Greenland walrus populations
Authors: Witting Lars , Born Erik W. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractRecent abundance estimates were combined with historical catches and an age- and sex-structured population dynamic model to perform Bayesian assessments of the walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) populations in West Greenland, the North Water in northern Baffin Bay, and East Greenland. The model assumed density-regulated dynamics and pre-harvest populations in population-dynamical equilibrium. It projected the populations under the influence of the catches to estimate the historical trajectories and the current population status. It was found that the West Greenland and North Water populations have been heavily exploited during the last century with the current abundance being at best only a few per cent of the historical abundance. Apparently these populations are still being exploited above sustainable level. The East Greenland population was heavily exploited after 1889 and during the first half of the 20th century and was depleted to approximately 50% of pristine population size in 1933. After protective measures were introduced in the 1950s this population has increased to a current level close to the abundance in 1889, and the present exploitation appears to be sustainable.