bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virtual reality tasks with eye tracking for mild spatial neglect assessment: a pilot study with acute stroke patients
Authors: Uimonen Jenni , Villarreal Sanna , Laari Siiri , Arola Anne , Ijäs Petra , Salmi Juha , Hietanen Marja 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveIncreasing evidence shows that traditional neuropsychological tests are insensitive for detecting mild unilateral spatial neglect (USN), lack ecological validity, and are unable to clarify USN in all different spatial domains. Here we present a new, fully immersive virtual reality (VR) task battery with integrated eye tracking for mild visual USN and extinction assessment in the acute state of stroke to overthrow these limitations.MethodsWe included 11 right-sided stroke patients and 10 healthy controls aged 18−75 years. Three VR tasks named the Extinction, the Storage and the Shoot the target tasks were developed to assess USN. Furthermore, neuropsychological assessment examining various parts of cognitive functioning was conducted to measure general abilities. We compared VR and neuropsychological task performance in stroke patients – those with (USN+,n= 5) and without USN (USN−,n= 6) – to healthy controls (n= 10) and tentatively reported the usability of VR system in the acute state of stroke.ResultsPatients had mostly mild neurological and USN symptoms. Nonetheless, we found several differences between the USN+ and healthy control groups in VR task performance. Compared to controls, USN+ patients showed visual extinction and asymmetry in gaze behavior and detection times in distinct spatial locations. Extinction was most evident in the extrapersonal space and delayed detection times on the extreme left and on the left upper parts. Also, USN+ patients needed more time to complete TMT A compared with USN− patients and TMT B compared with controls. VR system usability and acceptance were rated high; no relevant adverse effects occurred.ConclusionNew VR technology with eye tracking enables ecologically valid and objective assessment methods with various exact measures for mild USN and thus could potentially improve future clinical assessments.
The role of grit in inclusive education: a study of motivation and achievement among preservice physical education teachers
Authors: Lee Joonyoung , Park Jinwoo 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionGrit, a combination of enduring effort and persistent interest, is key to long-term goals. The training of preservice physical education (PE) teachers is vital for child development, emphasizing the need to assess their resilience and commitment. However, research is limited regarding how grit influences motivation and achievement goals in PE. The purpose of this study was to explore how the grit dimensions of preservice PE teachers impact their motivation and achievement goals, which may subsequently shape their future career intentions of becoming PE teachers.MethodsA total of 279 preservice physical education (PE) teachers (69.5% males; 26.9% PE graduate program) from five South Korean universities participated in the study. They completed validated questionnaires measuring grit, motivation, achievement goal orientations, and career intentions. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to examine variable relationships and test the hypothesis model.ResultsCorrelation analysis indicated a spectrum of relationships between facets of grit (perseverance of effort and consistency of interests), motivational parameters, and career intention, with both positive and negative correlations ranging from weak to moderate (r ranging from 0.119 to 0.425, p &lt; 0.05–0.01). SEM confirmed the model’s goodness-of-fit (χ2/df = 1.928, RMSEA = 0.058, IFI = 0.92, TLI = 0.91, CFI = 0.92). Path analysis showed that both perseverance of effort and consistency of interests significantly influenced motivational mechanisms (β ranging from −0.34 to 0.57, p &lt; 0.05–0.01), both directly and indirectly, which then notably impacted career intentions (β = 0.10, p &lt; 0.05). Notably, both grit dimensions significantly impacted mastery approach goals (β ranging from 0.49 to 0.56, p &lt; 0.01). Mastery approach goals, in turn, had a substantial impact on intrinsic motivation (β = 0.27, p &lt; 0.01), which subsequently significantly influenced career intentions (β = 0.32, p &lt; 0.01).ConclusionThe study illuminated the complex relationships between grit dimensions, motivation, achievement goals, and career intentions of future PE teachers. SEM validation confirmed grit’s direct and indirect influence on goal orientations and motivation, underscoring the importance of incorporating grit-building strategies alongside mastery approach goals in preservice PE programs to enhance resilience, dedication, and long-term career commitment.
Online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: the wellbeing of Chinese migrant children—a case study in Shanghai
Authors: Ding Qifan , Wu Qiaobing , Zhou Qi 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionThis study uses Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model as its theoretical framework to consider the findings of an investigation of the emotional, social, and physical wellbeing of Chinese migrant children and lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic in urban areas. This study expands our perspective by combining the views of students, parents, and teachers to explore the emotional, social and physical wellbeing of migrant children in Shanghai who were participating in online learning during the COVID-19.MethodsObservation and semi-structured interviews were carried out to collect data for this case study. Thirty-one migrant children, nine parents, 10 teachers and a school principal from a Shanghai junior high school participated in this research. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis.Results and DiscussionThe findings indicated that although video-recorded lessons were high quality, it put pressure on migrant children due to the lessons containing only new material with no reviews and reduced opportunities for them to interact with their own teachers. In addition, the differences in study progress between the migrant children and the local children that showed up during the online learning, and neglect from teachers and policymakers, made the migrant children anxious, angry and confused about their future. Besides, parents install monitors at home to support their children’s online learning, but it had the opposite effect and simply provoked increased conflicts between children and their parents. Finally, although the online lessons have affected the optical health of students, the subsequent additional cooking lessons have mitigated the optical health problem and strengthened the connections between home and school.ConclusionThe inequalities of education encountered by migrant children during the COVID-19 period have made them realize the disparities they have suffered in Shanghai. The exposure of this problem raises the prospect of a reform of educational policies for migrant children in the future.
Is the mental health of couples with twins more at risk? Results from an Italian cohort study
Authors: Bonanni Giulia , Longo Valentina Laurita , Airoldi Chiara , Meli Federica , Familiari Alessandra , Romanzi Federica , Pellegrino Marcella , Visconti Daniela , Serio Annamaria , Lanzone Antonio , Bevilacqua Elisa 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionOur retrospective study aimed to investigate whether parents of twins encounter heightened psychological and emotional distress one year after childbirth, in comparison to parents of singletons within an Italian cohort.MethodsExclusion criteria included multiparity, preterm birth, congenital anomalies, stillbirth, &gt;2 fetus pregnancies, and pre-existing maternal mental health disorders. Out of the 300 couples (600 parents) invited to participate, 286 parents (158 mothers, 128 fathers) successfully completed a self-administered survey. We analyzed three scores separately for mothers and fathers, differentiating between singleton and twin pregnancies: the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) score, the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)-Y1 score, and the STAI-Y2 score.ResultsLogistic models were used to assess the influence of age, BMI, marital status, education, and employment on the three binary scores (EPDS, STAI-Y1, and STAI-Y2), revealing no significant differences in absolute scores between parents of singletons and twins. Paired analysis revealed significantly higher EPDS (mean increase: 3.8, SD: 6.5), STAI-Y1 (mean increase: 5.4, SD: 12.5), and STAI-Y2 (mean increase: 4.5, SD: 12.4) scores for mothers (p &lt; 0.0001). Approximately 10% of women and 8% of men reported suicidal thoughts.DiscussionContrary to expectations, no substantial psychological differences emerged between parents of twins and singletons. Adjusting for confounders through univariate analysis maintained nonsignificant trends. Nevertheless, caution in interpretation is warranted due to strict inclusion criteria favoring twin pregnancies with better outcomes. Unintended bias could have resulted from routine psychological support offered to mothers of twins in our clinic. This presents an important framework for future research, including randomized controlled trials comparing parents of multiples with psychological support to those without.Finally, the elevated prevalence of depression symptoms and suicidal thoughts in our cohort underscores the importance of mental health during pregnancy and early parenting. We advocate for the screening of parents for postpartum depression and various psychological conditions, encompassing a spectrum of anxiety disorders. Those at elevated risk of mental distress should be proactively offered appropriate support.
Predicting violence in female forensic inpatients with substance use disorders – the utility of a gender-responsive assessment
Authors: Wolf Viviane , Mayer Juliane , Steiner Ivonne , Franke Irina , Klein Verena , Streb Judith , Dudeck Manuela 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionGiven that risk assessment tools are commonly based on male samples, the applicability to justice-involved women remains to be clarified. This study aimed at assessing (1) the predictive validity of the HCR-20 V3, the prevailing, yet primarily male-based violence risk assessment instrument, and (2) the incremental validity of the FAM, a gender-responsive supplement, for both inpatient violence and violent recidivism in justice-involved women.MethodsThe sample included 452 female forensic inpatients with substance use disorder discharged from German forensic psychiatric care between 2001 and 2018.ResultsROC analyses revealed good predictive accuracy for the HCR-20 V3 while the FAM failed to provide incremental validity. Further, binary logistic regression determined several predictors of violence including personality disorder, covert/manipulative behavior, suicidal behavior/self-harm, and problematic intimate relationship.DiscussionThese findings support the applicability of the HCR-20 V3 in justice-involved women with substance use disorder, while highlighting the clinical relevance of the FAM in supporting a gender-informed risk management.
COVID-19 waves in an urban setting 2020–2022: an electronic medical record analysis
Authors: Chen Yi-shuan Elaine , Gawel Susan H. , Desai Pankaja , Rojas Juan , Barbian Hannah J. , Tippireddy Nagarjuna , Gopinath Rajkamal , Schneider Sharon , Orzechowski Anthony , Cloherty Gavin , Landay Alan 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundGlobal and national surveillance efforts have tracked COVID-19 incidence and clinical outcomes, but few studies have compared comorbid conditions and clinical outcomes across each wave of the pandemic. We analyzed data from the COVID-19 registry of a large urban healthcare system to determine the associations between presenting comorbidities and clinical outcomes during the pandemic.MethodsWe analyzed registry data for all inpatients and outpatients with COVID-19 from March 2020 through September 2022 (N = 44,499). Clinical outcomes were death, hospitalization, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Demographic and clinical outcomes data were analyzed overall and for each wave. Unadjusted and multivariable logistic regressions were performed to explore the associations between age, sex, race, ethnicity, comorbidities, and mortality.ResultsWaves 2 and 3 (Alpha and Delta variants) were associated with greater hospitalizations, ICU admissions, and mortality than other variants. Chronic pulmonary disease was the most common comorbid condition across all age groups and waves. Mortality rates were higher in older patients but decreased across all age groups in later waves. In every wave, mortality was associated with renal disease, congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes, and chronic pulmonary disease. Multivariable analysis found that liver disease and renal disease were significantly associated with mortality, hospitalization, and ICU admission, and diabetes was significantly associated with hospitalization and ICU admission.ConclusionThe COVID-19 registry is a valuable resource to identify risk factors for clinical outcomes. Our findings may inform risk stratification and care planning for patients with COVID-19 based on age and comorbid conditions.
Serotonin transporter density in isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavioral disorder
Authors: Garwood Mark , Vijayakumar Punithavathy , Bohnen Nicolaas I. , Koeppe Robert A. , Kotagal Vikas 
Published: January 2024

Background/objectiveThe serotoninergic nervous system is known to play a role in the maintenance of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Serotoninergic projections are known to be vulnerable in synucleinopathies. To date, positron emission tomography (PET) studies using serotonin-specific tracers have not been reported in isolated REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD).MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional imaging study using serotonin transporter (SERT) 11C-3-amino-4-(2-dimethylaminomethyl-phenylsulfaryl)-benzonitrile (DASB) PET to identify differences in serotonin system integrity between 11 participants with iRBD and 16 older healthy controls.ResultsParticipants with iRBD showed lower DASB distribution volume ratios (DVRs) in the total neocortical mantle [1.13 (SD: 0.07) vs. 1.19 (SD: 0.06); t = 2.33, p = 0.028)], putamen [2.07 (SD: 0.19) vs. 2.25 (SD: 0.18); t = 2.55, p = 0.017], and insula [1.26 (SD: 0.11) vs. 1.39 (SD: 0.09); t = 3.58, p = 0.001]. Paradoxical increases relative to controls were seen in cerebellar hemispheres [0.98 (SD: 0.04) vs. 0.95 (SD: 0.02); t = 2.93, p = 0.007)]. No intergroup differences were seen in caudate, substantia nigra, or other brainstem regions with the exception of the dorsal mesencephalic raphe [3.08 (SD: 0.53) vs. 3.47 (SD: 0.48); t = 2.00, p = 0.056] that showed a non-significant trend toward lower values in iRBD.ConclusionsInsular, neocortical, and striatal serotoninergic terminal loss may be common in prodromal synucleinopathies before the onset of parkinsonism or dementia. Given our small sample size, these results should be interpreted as hypothesis-generating/exploratory in nature.
Improved Production of Astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis Using a Hybrid Open–Closed Cultivation System
Authors: An Yunji , Kim Taesoo , Byeon Huijeong , Rayamajhi Vijay , Lee Jihyun , Jung SangMok , Shin HyunWoung 
Published: January 2024

Haematococcus species are rich sources of the antioxidant astaxanthin and have good potential for carbon dioxide reduction. A variety of culture systems for these microalgae are currently in development, but clearly profitable approaches have yet to be reported. Open outdoor culture is currently the only feasible culture system for producing large amounts of biomass. In this study, based on laboratory results, the cultivation of Haematococcus was divided into two stages: a green stage characterised by cell growth, and a red stage characterised by astaxanthin accumulation. For mass culture, we adopted a hybrid open–closed pond system for astaxanthin production. The open culture system was shown to produce approximately 50 kg (dry weight) of biomass per culture at an average rate of 0.51 g L−1, with 0.52 μg mL−1 of astaxanthin content in a 12 -m3 water tank. As large amounts of microalgal bioproducts are in high demand, inexpensive open outdoor culture methods should be adopted as an alternative to costly closed photobioreactors. Although the levels of biomass and astaxanthin production were found to be 30% lower in the field than in the laboratory in this study, the basic data obtained in this research may be useful for lowering astaxanthin production costs.
Unique Changes in the Lung Microbiome following the Development of Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction
Authors: Yu Yeuni , Kim Yun Hak , Cho Woo Hyun , Kim Dohyung , So Min Wook , Son Bong Soo , Yeo Hye Ju 
Published: January 2024

The importance of lung microbiome changes in developing chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) after lung transplantation is poorly understood. The lung microbiome–immune interaction may be critical in developing CLAD. In this context, examining alterations in the microbiome and immune cells of the lungs following CLAD, in comparison to the lung condition immediately after transplantation, can offer valuable insights. Four adult patients who underwent lung retransplantation between January 2019 and June 2020 were included in this study. Lung tissues were collected from the same four individuals at two different time points: at the time of the first transplant and at the time of the explantation of CLAD lungs at retransplantation due to CLAD. We analyzed whole-genome sequencing using the Kraken2 algorithm and quantified the cell fractionation from the bulk tissue gene expression profile for each lung tissue. Finally, we compared the differences in lung microbiome and immune cells between the lung tissues of these two time points. The median age of the recipients was 57 years, and most (75%) had undergone lung transplants for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. All patients were administered basiliximab for induction therapy and were maintained on three immunosuppressants. The median CLAD-free survival term was 693.5 days, and the median time to redo the lung transplant was 843.5 days. Bacterial diversity was significantly lower in the CLAD lungs than at transplantation. Bacterial diversity tended to decrease according to the severity of the CLAD. Aerococcus, Caldiericum, Croceibacter, Leptolyngbya, and Pulveribacter genera were uniquely identified in CLAD, whereas no taxa were identified in lungs at transplantation. In particular, six taxa, including Croceibacter atlanticus, Caldiserium exile, Dolichospermum compactum, Stappia sp. ES.058, Kinetoplastibacterium sorsogonicusi, and Pulveribacter suum were uniquely detected in CLAD. Among immune cells, CD8+ T cells were significantly increased, while neutrophils were decreased in the CLAD lung. In conclusion, unique changes in lung microbiome and immune cell composition were confirmed in lung tissue after CLAD compared to at transplantation.
PENGARUH KECANDUAN SMARTPHONE TERHADAP PERILAKU MAKAN BERMASALAH PADA REMAJA
Authors: Wulan Nayang , Hamiyati H , Kabbaro Hurriyyatun 
Published: January 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat pengaruh antara kecanduan smartphone terhadap perilaku makan bermasalah pada remaja. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah regresi linear sederhana. Penelitian dilakukan di SMP Negeri 17 Jakarta. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan teknik simple random sampling yang berjumlah 207 responden. Hasil uji persamaan regresi linear diperoleh = 10.929 dan p-value = 0,000 < 0,05 sehingga hipotesis nol ( ) ditolak. Berdasarkan data, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh positif antara kecanduan smartphone terhadap perilaku makan bermasalah. Artinya, semakin tinggi tingkat kecanduan smartphone, semakin meningkat pula kemungkinan terjadinya perilaku makan bermasalah pada remaja. Begitu sebaliknya, semakin rendah tingkat kecanduan smartphone, semakin kecil pula kemungkinan terjadinya perilaku makan bermasalah pada remaja. Kecanduan smartphone memberikan kontribusi sebesar 36,8% terhadap perilaku makan bermasalah dan selebihnya 63,2% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lainnya yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is an influence between smartphone addiction and perilaku makan bermasalah in adolescents. The data analysis method used is simple linear regression. The research was conducted at SMP Negeri 17 Jakarta. Data collection was carried out using a simple random sampling technique totaling 207 respondents. The test results of the linear regression equation were obtained = 10.929 and p-value = 0.000 < 0.05 so that the null hypothesis ( ) was rejected. Based on the data, it can be concluded that there is a positive influence between smartphone addiction and perilaku makan bermasalah. That is, the higher the level of smartphone addiction, the more likely the occurrence of perilaku makan bermasalahs in adolescents. Conversely, the lower the level of smartphone addiction, the less likely the occurrence of perilaku makan bermasalah in adolescents. Smartphone addiction contributed 36.8% to perilaku makan bermasalah and the remaining 63.2% was influenced by other factors not examined in the study.
Propriedades funcionais do açafrão, cebola e alho no combate à dislipidemia, uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Santos Ana Beatriz Morais , Viana Eduardo Bruno Macêdo , Kochergin Clavdia Nicolaevna , De Souza Cassiara Camelo Eloi , Zanuto Marcia Elena 
Published: January 2024

As especiarias desde o homem primitivo são utilizadas como forma de conferir sabor e aparência à comida. São também atribuídas a elas várias propriedades associadas à promoção da saúde, como a capacidade de melhorar o perfil lipídico, consequentemente auxiliando contra a dislipidemia. Neste estudo foi avaliada a ação benéfica do açafrão, cebola e alho no combate à dislipidemia, por meio de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, considerando artigos nos idiomas inglês e português, realizada no período de 2017 a 2022, utilizando as bases de dados eletrônicas Science Direct, Scielo, PubMed, Portal de busca integrada da USP (PBI USP) e Google Acadêmico. Os resultados encontrados mostraram-se promissores para o açafrão, cebola e alho em relação ao controle de parâmetros relacionados à dislipidemia (redução dos níveis sanguíneos de VLDL-c e/ou LDL-c, TGs, CT e/ou o aumento do nível de HDL-c), destacando-se principalmente o alho com um número mais elevado de artigos. Os dados obtidos mostraram que o consumo dessas especiarias pode auxiliar no controle da dislipidemia e consequentemente atuar como agente cardioprotetor, estimulando assim, o consumo de alho e cebola, especiarias comumente utilizadas na culinária brasileira, diferentemente do açafrão verdadeiro, o qual implica em um alto custo. Além disso, é importante um estilo de vida saudável, incluindo a mudança de comportamento dietético, para controle da dislipidemia e do risco cardiovascular na população.
Ab initio study for adsorption behavior on AlN(0001) surface with steps and kinks during metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy
Authors: Akiyama Toru , Kawamura Takahiro 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We present our systematic theoretical study by performing ab initio calculations to clarify the behavior of adsorption for constituent atoms such as Al and N on a vicinal AlN(0001) surface with step edges and kinks during metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy (MOVPE). The calculations reveal that the surface reconstruction affects the adsorption of Al and N adatoms near the kinks and step edges. Furthermore, we find the incorporation of an Al adatom at the kink and that of N adatoms not only at the kink but also in the terrace regions. The calculated results give some insights for an atomic-scale understanding of the step-flow growth during the MOVPE growth of AlN.