bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence for Holocene climate variability from the sediments of a Scottish remote mountain lake
Authors: Battarbee Richard W. , Cameron Nigel G. , Golding Paul , Brooks Stephen J. , Switsur Roy , Harkness Doug , Appleby Peter , Oldfield Frank , Thompson Roy , Monteith Don T. , McGovern Andrew 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHigh resolution sampling of sediment cores covering approximately the last 4000 yr from Lochan Uaine, a small corrie loch in the Scottish Cairngorm Mountains, show quasi‐periodic cycles in organic matter (measured as percentage loss on ignition). Analysis of these cycles show correspondences between loss on ignition, δ13C values and chironomid head capsule abundance. We interpret the changes as reflecting changes in lake productivity and hypothesise that they are driven by climate variability. However, it is not yet clear whether the periods of relatively high organic matter production and preservation are associated with colder or with warmer conditions. Nevertheless the results indicate the value of using sediments from remote, undisturbed mountain lakes as recorders of Holocene climate variability. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
UV Raman spectroscopic study on the phase transformation of ZrO2, Y2O3–ZrO2 and SO42−/ZrO2
Authors: Li Can , Li Meijun 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe phase evolution of zirconia (ZrO2), sulfated zirconia (SO42−/ZrO2) and yttrium oxide incorporated zirconia (Y2O3–ZrO2) from the tetrahedral phase to the monoclinic phase was studied using UV Raman spectroscopy, visible Raman spectroscopy and x‐ray diffraction (XRD). It is clearly observed that there are discrepancies between the results from the UV Raman spectra, visible Raman spectra and XRD patterns. The phase change from tetragonal to monoclinic is always earlier or at lower calcination temperatures as observed by UV Raman spectroscopy than by visible Raman spectroscopy and XRD. UV Raman spectroscopy is found to be more sensitive at the surface region while visible Raman spectroscopy and XRD supply the information mainly from the bulk. The inconsistency in the results from the three techniques suggests that the phase transformation of zirconia starts from its surface region and then gradually develops into its bulk. For SO42−/ZrO2 and Y2O3–ZrO2, the transformation from the tetragonal to the monoclinic phase is significantly retarded owing to the presence of the sulfated groups and the yttrium oxide. Particularly, the tetragonal phase of Y2O3–ZrO2 can be maintained up to 800 °C although its phase at the surface region changed into monoclinic at 500 °C. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Facilitating organizational change: the role and development of the corporate university
Authors: Prince Christopher , Beaver Graham 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThere is a growing recognition by senior managers in many large organizations of the strategic impact corporate universities are having on their companies.This can be viewed as a consequence of organizations recognizing the power of learning and knowledge as drivers of strategic change.This paper contends that this growing recognition is leading to the emergence of a sophisticated form of corporate university, one that is predicated on the principles of organizational learning and knowledge management.In order to explore this claim a world‐class corporate university model is developed that draws from the work of leading writers and contemporary research.Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bone mineral density in well‐differentiated thyroid cancer patients treated with suppressive thyroxine: A systematic overview of the literature
Authors: Quan May Lynn , Pasieka Janice L. , Rorstad Otto 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundThe effects of subclinical hyperthyroidism on bone mineral density (BMD) induced by suppressive thyroxine therapy in patients with well‐differentiated thyroid cancer (WDTC) remains unclear. An overview of the current literature was undertaken to evaluate studies to date.MethodsA systematic medline search yielded a total of 11 studies appropriate for review which included premenopausal women, postmenopausal women, and men on suppressive thyroxine post thyroidectomy for WDTC. Main outcome measures were bone mineral density and bone turnover markers.ConclusionsAlthough studies were limited by small numbers and varying degrees of control for confounding variables, results suggested no significant change in bone mineral density for premenopausal women or men. Findings for postmenopausal women remain unclear with two of the best controlled studies reporting opposing results. Further studies for this population are recommended to help guide clinical practice. J. Surg. Oncol. 2002;79:62–70. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prognostic value of c‐erbB2 expression in breast cancer
Authors: Tsutsui Shinichi , Ohno Shinji , Murakami Shigeru , Hachitanda Yoichi , Oda Shinya 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAn overexpression of c‐erbB2 has been reported to be associated with a poor clinical outcome in breast cancer, however, its prognostic value remains controversial especially in patients with node negative breast cancer, and regarding the estrogen receptor (ER) status.MethodsImmunohistochemical staining for c‐erbB2 was performed on the primary breast cancer from 698 Japanese patients with a mean follow‐up duration of 54 months.ResultsThe c‐erbB2 expression was positive in 120 (17.2%) of 698 cases, which inversely correlated with the ER status. Both univariate and multivariate analyses indicated the c‐erbB2 expression to be a significant prognostic factor for the disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS), while the same efffect was also seen in the patient groups with node negative as well as node positive breast cancer. A univariate anlysis also indicated a subgroup with the positive c‐erbB2 and negative ER to have both a worse DFS and OS than the other subgroups. The patients with positive c‐erbB2 had a significantly worse DFS and OS than the patients with negative c‐erbB2 in all patient groups stratified according to the adjuvant therapies, while the prognostic significance of c‐erbB2 on DFS was also found in the patients with the node negative breast cancer who received adjuvant tamoxifen alone.ConclusionsThe c‐erbB2 expression is an independent significant factor for breast cancer and the prognostic significance remains in the node negative as well as node positive breast cancer, while the same effect was also found in all subgroups stratified according to the adjuvant therapies. In addition, the combination of c‐erbB2 and ER made it possible to identify the subgroup with the worst clinical outcome. J. Surg. Oncol. 2002;79:216–223. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hoshin Kanri: a tool for strategic policy deployment
Authors: Tennant Charles , Roberts Paul 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMethodologies for strategic management encompassing various techniques and models tend to set trends and become paradigms, as they are published and presented to the business community. This paper compares management by objectives (MbO) and business process reengineering (BPR) with the technique of Hoshin Kanri, which has been described as one ofthe core aspects of Japan's management system. Planning and deployment are critical elements of Hoshin Kanri, which imply that the process of developing targets, the assessment of the means to achieve the targets and the deployment of both are fundamental to successful implementation. The authors have adapted the Hoshin Kanri technique, for application at a major UK engineering company as a tool for strategic policy deployment. The benefits werefound to include; integration of strategic objectives with tactical daily management, theapplication of the plan–do–check–act circle to business process management, parallel planning and execution methodology, companywide approach and improvements in communication. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Attenuation of infarct size in rats and dogs after myocardial infarction by low‐energy laser irradiation
Authors: Oron Uri , Yaakobi Tali , Oron Amir , Hayam Gal , Gepstein Lior , Rubin Ofer , Wolf Tamir , Haim Shlomo Ben 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to investigate the possibility that low‐energy laser irradiation attenuates infarct size formation after induction of chronic myocardial infarction (MI) in small and large experimental animals.Study Design/Materials and MethodsLaser irradiation was applied to the infarcted area of rats and dogs at various power densities (2.5 to 20 mW/cm2) after occlusion of the coronary artery.ResultsIn infarcted laser‐irradiated rats that received laser irradiation immediately and 3 days after MI at energy densities of 2.5, 6, and 20 mW/cm2, there was a 14%, 62% (significant; P < 0.05), and 2.8% reduction of infarct size (14 days after MI) relative to non–laser‐irradiated rats, respectively. In dogs, a 49% (significant; P < 0.01) reduction of infarct size was achieved.ConclusionThe results of the present study indicate that delivery of low‐energy laser irradiation to infarcted myocardium in rats and dogs has a profound effect on the infarct size after MI. Lasers Surg. Med. 28:204–211, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cell attachment to extracellular matrices is modulated by pulsed radiation at 820 nm and chemicals that modify the activity of enzymes in the plasma membrane
Authors: Karu Tiina I. , Pyatibrat Ludmila V. , Kalendo Galina S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveAdhesive interactions between cells and extracellular matrices play a regulative role in wound repair processes. The objective of this investigation is to study action mechanisms of pulsed radiation at 820 nm on cellular adhesion in vitro. Light emitting diodes (LED) at 820 nm are widely used for treatment of wounds of various etiology.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThe LED (820 ± 10 nm, 10 Hz, 16–120 J/m2) is used for the irradiation of HeLa cell suspension. In parallel experiments, amiloride (5 × 10−4 M), ouabain (7 × 10−5 M, 7 × 10−4 M), quinacrine (6 × 10−4 M), arachidonic acid (1 × 10−5 M), glucose (2 × 10−4 M), and ATP (5 × 10−5 M) are added to the cell suspension before or after the irradiation procedure. The cell–glass adhesion is studied using the adhesion assay technique described in Lasers Surg Med 1996; 18:171.ResultsCell–glass adhesion increases in a dose‐dependent manner following the irradiation. Preirradiation eliminates the inhibition of cell attachment caused by ouabain, arachidonic acid, and ATP. The inhibitive effect of quinacrine on the cell attachment is eliminated by the irradiation performed after the treatment with the chemical. Irradiation and amiloride have a synergetic stimulative effect on the cell attachment. The threshold dose for the cell attachment stimulation by the irradiation is decreased by the treatment of the cell suspension with amiloride or ouabain.ConclusionsThe results obtained indicate that pulsed IR radiation at 820 nm increases the cell–matrix attachment. It is the modulation of the monovalent ion fluxes through the plasma membrane and not the release of arachidonic acid that is involved in the cellular signaling pathways activated by irradiation at 820 nm. Preirradiation has a protective effect against the inhibitive action of ouabain, arachidonic acid, ATP, and quinacrine on cell attachment process. It is supposed that irradiation activates those signaling pathways in cells which attenuate the inhibitive action of these chemicals. Lasers Surg. Med. 29:274–281, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of thermal relaxation during laser irradiation of tissue
Authors: Choi Bernard , Welch Ashley J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThermal relaxation time (τr) is a commonly‐used parameter for estimating the time required for heat to conduct away from a directly‐heated tissue region. Previous studies have demonstrated that temperature superposition can occur during multiple‐pulse irradiation, even if the interpulse time is considerably longer than τr. The objectives of this study were (1) to analyze tissue thermal relaxation following laser‐induced heating, and (2) to calculate the time required for a laser‐induced temperature rise to decrease to near‐baseline values.Study Design/Materials and MethodsOne‐dimensional (1‐D) analytical and numerical and 2‐D numerical models were designed and used for calculations of the time τeff required for the peak temperature (Tpeak) to decrease to values slightly over baseline (ΔTbase). Temperature values included Tpeak=65 and 100°C, and ΔTbase = 5, 10, and 20°C. To generalize the calculations, a wide range of optical and thermal properties was incorporated into the models. Flattop and gaussian spatial beam profiles were also considered.Results2‐D model calculations of τeff demonstrated that τeff (2‐D) was as much as 40 times longer than τr. For a given combination of Tpeak and ΔTbase, a linear relationship was calculated between τeff (1‐D) and τr and was independent of optical and thermal properties. A comparison of 1‐D and 2‐D models demonstrated that 1‐D models generally predicted longer values of τeff than those predicted with a 2‐D geometry when the laser spot diameter was equal to or less than the optical penetration depth.ConclusionRelatively simple calculations can be performed to estimate τeff for known values of τr, Tpeak and ΔTbase. The parameter τeff may be a better estimate than τr of tissue thermal relaxation during multiple‐pulse laser irradiation. Lasers Surg. Med. 29:351–359, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Testing the implied mediational role of cognitive age
Authors: Gwinner Kevin P. , Stephens Nancy 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAlthough the concept of cognitive age has been positioned in the psychology, marketing, and gerontology literatures as an important variable that mediates the relationship between specific antecedents and consequences, a test of its implied mediational role has not been done. As such, researchers and marketing managers lack a clear understanding of cognitive age's usefulness among a variety of important segmentation variables. This study employs mediated regression analysis to formally explore this implied mediational role with the use of five antecedent variables and three consumer‐behavior outcomes. Results indicate that cognitive age either fully or partially mediates the relationship between antecedents and consequences, but not for all possible relationships. A structural‐equation model is then developed to further explore the substantive relationships between the variables. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
CpG methylation of promoter region inactivates E‐cadherin gene in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Nojima Dana , Nakajima Koichi , Li Long‐Cheng , Franks Joseph , Ribeiro‐Filho Leopoldo , Ishii Nobuhisa , Dahiya Rajvir 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCpG methylation in the promoter region has been shown to be important in the regulation of genes implicated in malignant transformation. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that CpG methylation of the promoter region of the E‐cadherin gene may inactivate its expression in renal cell carcinoma. To test this hypothesis, five kidney cancer cell lines and 34 microdissected renal cell carcinoma samples were analyzed for gene and protein expression by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, respectively. CpG methylation in the promoter regions of the E‐cadherin gene was analyzed by the sodium bisulfite genome sequencing technique. Our results show that all normal renal tissue expressed the E‐cadherin gene and protein. Of the renal cancer tissues analyzed, 67% (23 of 34) lacked E‐cadherin expression, with an associated increase in methylation, compared with normal tissue. E‐cadherin gene promoter was methylated in all renal cancer cell lines and was accompanied by a loss of E‐cadherin gene and protein expression. The treatment of renal cancer cell lines with the demethylating agent 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine restored E‐cadherin mRNA expression in all renal cancer cell lines. This is the first report that shows inactivation of the E‐cadherin gene and protein in renal cell carcinoma through CpG hypermethylation in the promoter region of this gene. The results of these experiments may contribute to an understanding of the role of E‐cadherin inactivation in renal cell carcinoma. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Two new cases of rank reversals when the AHP and some of its additive variants are used that do not occur with the multiplicative AHP
Authors: Triantaphyllou Evangelos 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMany researchers have long observed some cases in which certain ranking irregularities can occur when the original analytic hierarchy process (AHP), or some of its variants, are used. This paper presents two new categories of ranking irregularities which defy common intuition. These ranking irregularities occur when one decomposes a decision problem into a set of smaller problems each defined on two alternatives and the same criteria as the original problem. These irregularities are possible when the original AHP, or some of its additive variants, are used. Computational experiments on random test problems and an examination of some real‐life case studies suggest that these ranking irregularities are dramatically likely to occur. This paper also proves that these ranking irregularities are not possible when a multiplicative variant of the AHP is used. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physiological assessment of paroxysmal dystonia secondary to subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
Authors: Ondo William G. , Verma Amit 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe report on a 26‐year‐old woman with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) who presented with frequent paroxysmal dystonic posturing. Electroencephalogram demonstrated generalized 5 to 10‐second episodes of high‐amplitude (150–300 μV) delta activity alternating with 10 to 20‐second periods of theta activity (40–50 μV). The patient experienced episodes of dystonic posturing coinciding with the periods of delta activity. Ictal Tc‐99m Ceretec SPECT demonstrated marked increased activity in the bilateral caudate (R>L). The frequency and amplitude of the episodes initially markedly improved after the addition of carbamazepine. We suggest that the movements seen in this case of SSPE may represent basal ganglia ictal activity. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Novel Italian family supports clinical and genetic heterogeneity of primary adult‐onset torsion dystonia
Authors: Brancati Francesco , Defazio Giovanni , Caputo Viviana , Valente Enza Maria , Pizzuti Antonio , Livrea Paolo , Berardelli Alfredo , Dallapiccola Bruno 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe report on an Italian kindred with adult‐onset primary torsion dystonia (PTD). A detailed clinical examination of the six definitely affected family members revealed a mild, purely focal phenotype. The disease involved only one body part (eyes, neck, or arm). PTD in this family was not linked to the known disease loci (DYT1, DYT6, DYT7, and DYT13), and the 3‐bp deletion in the DYT1 gene was also excluded. These findings support genetic heterogeneity of PTD and indicate that a novel unassigned gene is responsible for focal dystonia in this family. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society.
Prospective clinical study of writer's cramp
Authors: Jedynak Pierre C. , Tranchant Christine , Zegers de Beyl Diederik 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSixty‐five consecutive patients with writer's cramp were studied prospectively to evaluate clinical and demographic features, the number of writing hours per day at dystonia onset, and the existence of trigger events. Assessment of writing and drawing was done on a standardized test using categorical scales. The importance of subjective handicap and pain, of postural and action tremor, the abnormal features of hand grip and the occurrence of mirror dystonia (dystonia occurring in the dominant hand when writing with the other hand) were studied. Thirty‐two patients had simple writer's cramp, whereas the others had complex writer's cramp with several activities other than writing involved. No significant differences were seen in age of onset, legibility, pain, and handicap in these two groups. Seven patients had a family history of focal dystonia and six of them had a complex form of writer's cramp. Mirror dystonia was seen in 29 patients and in some it appeared useful to distinguish dystonic movements from secondary compensatory strategies. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Idazoxan, an alpha‐2 antagonist, and L‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesias in patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Rascol O. , Arnulf I. , Peyro‐Saint Paul H. , Brefel‐Courbon C. , Vidailhet M. , Thalamas C. , Bonnet A.M. , Descombes S. , Bejjani B. , Fabre N. , Montastruc J.L. , Agid Y. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDyskinesia is a frequent and disabling side effect in patients with Parkinson's disease treated with chronic dopatherapy. Preclinical data in the 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6,‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) monkey suggest that alpha‐2 antagonists may reduce dihydroxyphenylalanine (L‐DOPA)‐induced dyskinesia. We assessed, in a pilot randomised placebo‐controlled study, the effects of single oral doses (10 mg, 20 mg, and 40 mg) of idazoxan, an alpha‐2 antagonist, on motor parkinsonian disability and L‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesia following an acute oral challenge of L‐DOPA in 18 patients with Parkinson's disease. The severity of L‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesia improved after 20 mg idazoxan pretreatment, while there was no concommittant deterioration in the antiparkinsonian response to L‐DOPA. These results suggest that blocking alpha‐2 receptors in patients with Parkinson's disease might improve L‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesia without the cost of a return of parkinsonian symptomatology. Further studies are required to assess whether this property could have potential therapeutic applications in the long‐term management of dyskinetic patients with Parkinson's disease. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Restoring voluntary urinary voiding using a latissimus dorsi muscle free flap for bladder reconstruction
Authors: Stenzl Arnulf , Ninkovic Milomir 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe present our data using innervated latissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) free flaps to assist acontractile bladder function. Twelve dogs were used. In group I (n = 3), the LDM flaps were elevated and wrapped around silicon reservoirs; in group II (n = 4), the LDM flaps were transferred into the pelvis and used to reconstruct bladders that had 50% of their detrusor muscle wall removed; group III (n = 5) was the same setup as group II but the bladder mucosa was also removed with 50% detrusor wall. The LDM flaps were electrically stimulated and electromyography, cystography, urodynamic, and hydrodynamic measurements were performed. In clinical studies, LDM flaps were used in 11 patients (age range, 9–68 years). Our animal studies demonstrated that LDM flaps are capable of generating pressures (190 cm H2O at 15 mL and 35 cm H2O at a 10 mL in group I at 6 months) to void the bladder. In group II, contractions were present after 9 months. Eight of 11 patients who underwent LDM free flap were able to void voluntarily and without catheterization. LDM flap activity was confirmed using ultrasonography/tomography. Our clinical studies indicated that contractile function can be restored using LDM free flaps. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 21:235–240 2001