bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Signaling corporate values: consumers' suspicious minds
Authors: Aqueveque Claudio 
Published: July 2005

PurposeWhile managers and researchers recognize that corporate social responsibility is positively related to some corporate performance measures, the instrumental reason for this linkage is still unclear. The present research proposes that this relationship can be better understood if the concept of trustworthiness is included.Design/methodology/approachUsing an experimental design, the present research presents a study in which the presence or absence of environmental commitment information in a company profile is manipulated and presented to consumers, and reports the differences in the measures of consumers' perceptions of company trustworthiness and its sources originated by this manipulation. The analysis of these differences provided evidence of significant positive effects on perceived benevolence and negative effects on perceived ability measures.FindingsThe findings of the present research seem to indicate that, in some contexts, companies' cause commitment can have different (positive and negative) effects on consumers' perception of firms' trustworthiness.Research limitations/implicationsThe small sample size is the principal limitation of the study. Also the exclusion of personal and cultural values as moderators of the effects is a limitation. Therefore, results should be analyzed carefully because they could vary if the study is replicated in a different culture. Future research should include these personal and cultural variables in a more comprehensive model.Practical implicationsManagers must manage carefully this type of company commitment and the communication of these corporate activities to stakeholders.Originality/valueThis paper tries to analyze from the individual behavior perspective the relationship between corporate social responsibility and corporate trustworthiness.
The meanings of social entrepreneurship today
Authors: Roper Juliet , Cheney George 
Published: July 2005

PurposeAims to explore the historical development and current usages of the concept of social entrepreneurship.Design/methodology/approachThe paper first examines the socio‐political conditions leading to business repositioning in the traditionally governmental role of catering to the financial needs of civil society. It then reviews several models of social entrepreneurship and the leaders who have emerged as social entrepreneurs within those frameworks.FindingsIn discussion the paper questions some of the motives of social entrepreneurs and warns against uncritical acceptance of a blurring of the boundaries between sectors of society.Research limitations/implicationsThis is a theoretical paper. Follow‐up research will examine in detail case studies of social entrepreneurship.Originality/valueSocial entrepreneurship is a new and rapidly rising field of practice that is, as yet, under‐researched. This paper synthesizes the limited yet diverse current literature on social entrepreneurship. It also offers a critical perspective that needs to be taken into account before the practice is accepted as a common‐sense salve to social difficulties.
Social performance: key lessons from recent experiences within Shell
Authors: Fossgard‐Moser Titus 
Published: July 2005

PurposeSeeks to summarize the findings of research undertaken by the Shell Group to better understand the business relevance, parameters, status and tools and approaches to manage social performance.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on four detailed case studies that combined qualitative and quantitative research methodologies and included distinct operational, business and socio‐economic contexts. The paper seeks to build theory around the concept of social performance.FindingsKey findings include that: there exists a strong business case for social performance; good social performance is fundamentally concerned with the identification and management of core business impacts; social issues can be identified and managed in a systematic manner; and The Shell Group is developing and implementing a range of tools and approaches to assist effective management of social issues.Research limitations/implicationsThe research is based on a limited number of cases from within Shell; further validation of findings could be achieved through similar research in other industrial sectors.Practical implicationsResearch has highlighted the business case for social performance, key “ingredients” of social performance and provides a specific framework and tools for more effective management of social issues.Originality/valueFirst time such research has been undertaken within the Shell Group and perhaps similar companies. Paper should be of potential interest value to practitioners (e.g. social performance and CSR managers), academics, policy makers and non‐governmental organizations.
Going global: how to identify and manage societal expectations in supply chains (and the consequences of failure)
Authors: Blowfield Michael E. 
Published: July 2005

PurposeMultinational companies that want to be reputable global citizens need to manage divergent and often conflicting societal expectations. Aims to show that some do this by using a universally applicable set of policies, approaches, rights and responsibilities, while others believe it is better for companies to manage the issues most material to where they are operating.Design/methodology/approachThis paper, drawing on empirical studies in five continents, examines how companies identify and manage societal expectations when the notion of society itself is undergoing change, and the relationship between business and wider society is being revisited.FindingsDiscusses the experience of employing global social and environmental standards, the value of thinking in terms of a global ethic, and whose interests are served by this approach. Argues that, with certain important caveats, current approaches to managing the social and environmental dimensions of global supply chains provide at best a crude means of tackling societal expectations that can mislead managers into thinking they have the problem in hand.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper has consequences not only for those whose expectations are ignored, but also for company managers who think they are doing the right thing but are actually being blinded to important material issues. Argues that this is a direct consequence of how values and power are overlooked in corporate citizenship theory and practice, and that one needs to be more open and thoughtful about what expectations can and should be met.Originality/valueThese observations in this paper challenge aspects of corporate citizenship's orthodox thinking and require that new consideration be given to the challenge of working with and distinguishing between global communities of need and of expectation. They provide a timely reality check for those propounding and employing popular contemporary approaches to managing the business‐society relationship, and at the same time suggest more effective ways of addressing expectation management in the future.
Corporate social responsibility and financial performance
Authors: Van de Velde Eveline , Vermeir Wim , Corten Filip 
Published: July 2005

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the interaction between sustainability and financial performance. Can socially responsible investors, integrating environmental, social and ethical issues in their investment policy, expect the same return as traditional investors?Design/methodology/approachBased on the sustainability ratings of a specialized rating agency, Vigeo, a Fama and French approach is performed to adapt for style biases in the performances.FindingsThe results indicate that, on a style‐adjusted basis, high sustainability‐rated portfolios have performed better than low‐rated portfolios, but, probably due to the short horizon, not to a significant extent. The same results are found for four out of the five sub‐ratings of which the sustainability rating is composed, suggesting that sustainability is a broad and multidimensional concept that cannot be attributed to one specific theme or topic. The results also indicate that investors are ready to pay a premium for companies with good management of their relations with shareholders, clients and suppliers.Research limitations/implicationsOwing to the rather new concept of socially responsible investing and in order to avoid survivorship bias, only a relative time horizon is considered.Practical implicationsThere is no cost involved in integrating sustainable dimensions in the investment policy.Originality/valueThe paper shows the relevance of socially responsible investing when one adjusts for style differences within the portfolio.
Realigning business, government and civil society
Authors: Midttun Atle 
Published: July 2005

PurposeThis article aims to explore the character of an emerging model of corporate social responsibility (CSR)‐oriented societal governance in an exchange theoretical perspective and to examine the distinctive characteristics of the relations between civil society, business and government in the new model and the drivers behind it.Design/methodology/approachBy analyzing typical roles and role‐sets in political, commercial and regulatory exchange, the article pin‐points characteristics of the embedded relational governance/CSR model contrasted against liberal governance and the Keynesian welfare state. The analysis is stylized and conceptually based, in line with the Weberian ideal type concept and brings out stylized juxtapositions of the three governance models based on previous studies.FindingsAn emerging model of corporate social responsibility (CSR) or embedded relational governance seems to share the basic market orientation of the liberal model, yet, at the same time, sharing many of the social and collective goals of the welfare state. This combination is apparently achieved by embedding the social dimension into civil society and self‐regulatory market processes. Finally, the paper reflects on the drivers behind the new governance approach, in the context of a globalizing economy. The paper argues that NGO‐driven communicative intermediation interfacing with an increasing CSR and corporate governance focus in financial evaluation may serve to retain some of the social agenda from the welfare state, under the CSR‐ or embedded‐relational model, an agenda that seemed to be gradually losing out with the global competitive exposure of the welfare state.Research limitations/implicationsThe article presents a stylized analytical framework of CSR/embedded relational governance that lays a basis for further exploration and systematic testing through comparative empirical studies.Practical implicationsThe paper brings out the interplay between political, regulatory and commercial processes and gives a broader understanding of the societal implications of CSR.Originality/valueOriginal contributions of this paper: first, the analytical formulation of the societal governance implications of CSR; second, the exchange theoretical conceptualization of this mode of societal governance.
An investigation into the reduction in flow rate of intravenous fluid by antireflux valves
Authors: Hall J. M. , Roberts F. L. 
Published: July 2005

SummaryWe have investigated the extent to which antireflux (non‐return) valves impede the maximum flow rate of crystalloid in intravenous infusion systems when administered either under gravity or with 300 mmHg added pressure. When used with a 16G cannula, a reduction in flow rate of 19–38% was consistently seen. With a 20G cannula, no significant reduction in flow was found. The valve tested that produced the least reduction in flow was the Westcott Sae‐flo® valve.
Analysis of testis‐specific transcripts in the chicken
Authors: Kim D. K. , Lim D. , Lee B. R. , Shin J. H. , Kim H. , Han J. Y. 
Published: July 2005

SummarySequences of candidate chicken testis‐specific genes were analysed in order to develop a resource for functional genomic studies of the testis and male germ cells. Tentative consensus sequences (TC) containing expressed sequence tags expressed in testis libraries were selected from the TIGR Gallus gallus Gene Index, resulting in 292 TC. The transcriptional expression of these genes were evaluated in several chicken tissues, including testis and ovary. One hundred ten of the 292 TC were expressed in a testis‐specific manner. Annotation of the TC using the Gene Ontology database terms showed that the proportion of testis‐specific TC that were classified as having catalytic activity (within the molecular function branch) was higher than the proportion of total chicken TC classified in the same way. Our results may facilitate the investigation of testis‐specific genes and their functional analysis in the chicken, as well as in other avian species.
Cloning, mapping and association study with carcass traits of the porcine SDHD gene
Authors: Zhu Z. M. , Zhang J. B. , Li K. , Zhao S. H. 
Published: July 2005

SummaryA 1320‐bp cDNA containing the full coding region of the porcine succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit D (SDHD) gene was obtained by random sequencing of clones from a Chinese Tongcheng pig 55‐day fetal longissimus dorsi muscle cDNA library. Analysis of the SDHD gene across the INRA‐University of Minnesota porcine radiation hybrid panel indicated close linkage with microsatellite marker SW2401, located on SSC9p21. The open reading frame of this cDNA covers 480 bp and encodes 159 amino acids. The deduced porcine amino acid sequence showed greater similarity with human and bovine protein sequences than with those from mouse and rat. The BLAST analysis of the porcine SDHD to NCBI identified Unigene Cluster Ssc.2586. Possible single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were identified by alignment of expressed sequence tags in the cluster. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) single strand conformation polymorphism, sequencing, and PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism were used to confirm and detect a synonymous polymorphic MboI site within the open‐reading frame. Allele frequencies of this SNP were investigated in two commercial and five Chinese local pig breeds. These five Chinese breeds had very high frequencies for one allele, whereas frequencies of both alleles were intermediate in Large White and Duroc. An association analysis suggested that different SDHD genotypes have significant differences in loin‐muscle area (P < 0.01).
Polymorphism, linkage mapping and expression pattern of the porcine skeletal muscle glycogen synthase (GYS1) gene
Authors: Zuo B. , Xiong Y. Z. , Deng C. Y. , Su Y. H. , Wang J. , Lei M. G. , Li F. E. , Jiang S. W. , Zheng R. 
Published: July 2005

SummaryThe glycogen synthase gene (GYS1), which encodes the rate‐limiting enzyme for glycogen synthesis of skeletal muscle, is a promising candidate gene for traits related to skeletal muscle in pigs. In this study, a G/A single nucleotide polymorphism in GYS1 intron 7 detected as a FokI PCR‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) showed allele frequency differences among five Chinese indigenous pig breeds and three western commercial pig breeds. Linkage analysis assigned the gene GYS1 to marker interval SW1302–SW1473 on SSC6 in a three‐generation Meishan X Large White reference family. The results of association analysis and interval mapping suggested that the FokI PCR‐RFLP polymorphism might be linked with the quantitative trait loci affecting carcass traits detected on SSC6 in the F2 intercross pedigree. The reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction revealed that the porcine GYS1 gene was expressed in spleen, lung, liver, kidney, small intestine, skeletal muscle, heart and stomach, with the highest expression in skeletal muscle.
Genetic diversity and differentiation of guanaco populations from Argentina inferred from microsatellite data
Authors: Maté M. L. , Bustamante A. , Giovambattista G. , de Lamo D. , von Thüngen J. , Zambelli A. , Vidal‐Rioja L. 
Published: July 2005

SummaryGenotype data from 14 microsatellite markers were used to assess the genetic diversity and differentiation of four guanaco populations from Argentine Patagonia. These animals were recently captured in the wild and maintained in semi‐captivity for fibre production. Considerable genetic diversity in these populations was suggested by the finding of a total of 162 alleles, an average mean number of alleles per locus ranging from 6.50 to 8.19, and He values ranging from 0.66 to 0.74. Assessment of population differentiation showed moderate but significant values of FST = 0.071 (P = 0.000) and RST = 0.083 (P = 0.000). An amova test showed that the genetic variation among populations was 5.6% while within populations it was 94.4%. A number of 6.6 migrants per generation may support these results. Unambiguous individual assignment to original populations was obtained for the Pilcaniyeu, Las Heras and La Esperanza populations. The erroneous assignment of 18.75% Rio Mayo individuals to the Las Heras population can be explained by the low genetic differentiation found between these two populations. Thirty‐nine of 56 loci per population combinations were in Hardy–Weinberg disequilibrium because of guanaco heterozygote deficiency, which may be explained by population subdivision. The high level of genetic diversity of the guanacos analysed here indicates that the Patagonian guanaco constitutes an important genetic resource for conservation or economic utilization programmes.
Polymorphism at the porcine Dominant white/KIT locus influence coat colour and peripheral blood cell measures
Authors: Johansson A. , Pielberg G. , Andersson L. , Edfors‐Lilja I. 
Published: July 2005

SummaryWe have examined the phenotype of different KIT genotypes with regard to coat colour and several blood parameters (erythrocyte numbers and measures, total and differential leucocyte numbers, haematocrit and haemoglobin levels and serum components). The effect of two different iron supplement regimes (one or two iron injections) on the blood parameters was also examined. For a total of 184 cross‐bred piglets (different combinations of Hampshire, Landrace and Yorkshire) blood parameters were measured four times during their first month of life, and the KIT genotypes of these and 70 additional cross‐bred piglets were determined. Eight different KIT genotypes were identified, which confirms the large allelic diversity at the KIT locus in commercial pig populations. The results showed that pigs with different KIT genotypes differ both in coat colour and in haematological parameters. In general, homozygous Dominant white (I/I) piglets had larger erythrocytes with lower haemoglobin concentration, indicating a mild macrocytic anaemia. The effect of two compared with one iron injection was also most pronounced for the I/I piglets.
How we do it: adjunctive intravenous midazolam: diagnosis and treatment of therapy‐resistant muscle tension dysphonia
Authors: Bhalla R.K. , Wallis J. , Kaushik V. , de Carpentier J.P. 
Published: July 2005

Keypoints• Dysphonic patients with muscle tension are common at voice clinics. The majority respond to intensive vocal therapy.• A small number of cases remain resistant to intensive vocal therapy.• We have used intravenous midazolam to enhance therapy‐resistant dysphonic patients’ self‐monitoring, their self‐awareness and to change fixed patterns.• Six of seven patients were discharged with restoration of normal voice 1 month after treatment.
How we do it: the Bradford grommet trainer: a model for training in myringotomy and grommet insertion
Authors: Jesudason W.V. , Smith I. 
Published: July 2005

Keypoints• Myringotomy and grommet insertion is the most common operative procedure in otological practice.• We describe a simple, cheap and effective model for the junior trainee to develop the skills required for myringotomy and grommet insertion without compromising patient safety.• As the materials required for our model are more readily available, it is more likely to gain widespread acceptance in ENT training.
Variability of vascularity in nasal mucosa as demonstrated by CD34 immunohistochemistry
Authors: Philpott C.M. , Wild D. , Guzail M. , Murty G.E. 
Published: July 2005

Keypoints• Regional anatomical variations in the nasal vasculature have not been studied histologically.• Immunohistochemistry performed using marker for CD34 antigen on vascular endothelium biopsied from 5 sites on the lateral nasal wall and compared with one septal biopsy.• No significant regional variations in microvascular architecture over the lateral wall of the nose were found.• Lateral wall measurements were significantly different to the septal measurements (P = 0.0003, 0.01).• Suggests biopsies can be taken from any site on the lateral wall and give a representative sampling of the vascularity for research purposes.
A prospective randomized controlled trial evaluating alcohol on loudness perception in cochlear implant users
Authors: Meerton L.J. , Andrews P.J. , Upile T. , Drenovak M. , Graham J.M. 
Published: July 2005

Aim:  The aim of this study was to determine the effects of alcohol on the psychophysical responses in patients with cochlear implants. This has not been previously studied. It was also hoped to provide information that could suggest possible sites of action of the known effects of alcohol on the auditory pathway.Design:  A prospective randomized placebo‐controlled trial, with full ethical approval.Participants:  Eight successful cochlear implant users were selected, of whom two had bilateral implants which were tested separately. In total 10 cochlear implants were tested.Intervention:  Alcohol was given in the form of vodka (50% alcohol, 1 mL/kg body weight) with 500 mL of orange and cranberry juice. The placebo control was given in the form of 500 mL of orange and cranberry juice alone.Outcome measurement:  The ‘comfort level’ (C level) was recorded before, and 1 h after alcohol or placebo ingestion for each patient's cochlear implant. Blood alcohol concentration was determined prior to alcohol or placebo consumption and then repeated after 45, 60, 90 and 180 min.Results:  The mean blood alcohol concentration 1 h after ingestion was 50 mg/dL. In the ‘alcohol’ arm the mean electrical unit increase in the C level was 19.9 with a standard deviation of 2.2. In the control arm the mean change in C level was 0.10 with a standard deviation of 0.3.Conclusions:  In this first prospective randomized control study of the effect of alcohol on sound perception in cochlear implant users, alcohol significantly increased the upper end of the dynamic range (C levels) in comparison with placebo (P = <0.0001 using paired t‐test analysis). This effect is likely to be the result of change in the auditory pathways proximal to the cochlea.