bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Yeast Pah1 Phosphatidate Phosphatase in Lipid Synthesis
Authors: Carman George M. 
Published: November 2023

In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the synthesis of phospholipids in the exponential phase of growth occurs at the expense of the storage lipid triacylglycerol. As cells progress into the stationary phase, the synthesis of triacylglycerol occurs at the expense of phospholipids. Pah1 phosphatidate phosphatase plays an important role in this metabolism; the enzyme produces the diacylglycerol needed for the synthesis of triacylglycerol and simultaneously controls the level of phosphatidate for the synthesis of phospholipids. Loss of Pah1 results in severe phenotypes that include aberrant nuclear/endoplasmic reticulum membrane expansion, cell wall fragility, reduction in lipid droplets, vacuole fragmentation, fatty acid‐induced lipotoxicity, susceptibility to oxidative stress, and loss of chronological life span. PAH1 expression is induced throughout growth and the induction in the stationary phase is stimulated by inositol supplementation. Pah1 phosphatidate phosphatase activity is modulated by phospholipids, sphingoid bases, nucleotides, and through the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the enzyme, as well as by proteasome‐mediated degradation. The proteasomal degradation of Pah1, which occurs by ubiquitin‐dependent and ‐independent mechanisms, is governed by the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of the enzyme.Support or Funding InformationSupported by National Institutes of Health grants R37‐GM028140‐33 and R01‐GM050679‐22.
Posttranslational Modifications In Bacteria‐Host Interaction
Authors: Shao Feng 
Published: November 2023

Many bacterial pathogens use a type III secretion system to inject virulent effector proteins into host cells. These effectors often use sophisticated biochemical strategies to manipulate host signal transduction pathway. I will present our work on four bacterial effector families, each of which defines a novel enzymatic posttranslational modification, and their functions in infection. The OspF effector from Shigella flexneri employs a MAPK phosphothreonine lyase activity to block host MAPK signaling and IL‐8 production. The CHBP/Cif family of effectors from Burkholderia pseudomallei and Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) catalyze deamidation of Gln‐40 in ubiquitin and NEDD8, thereby inactivating host ubiquitin pathway and many related cellular processes. NleE from EPEC and Salmonella typhimurium carries out a novel cysteine methylation modification on key ubiquitin‐chain sensory proteins in host NF‐kB pathway, resulting in blocking of NF‐kB‐mediated inflammatory response during infection. The NleB effector targets host death domain‐containing proteins in the death receptor pathway for arginine GlcNAcylation and this unique modification is critical for EPEC replication in the colons of infected mice. On the host side, the inflammasome complex that activates inflammatory caspases is believed to be important for macrophage innate immune defense against bacterial infection. I will also discuss our recent identification and characterization of several cytosolic receptors for important bacterial molecules including LPS, flagellin and also Rho‐modifying effectors/toxins as well as the molecular mechanism for pyroptotic cell downstream of inflammatory caspases activation.Support or Funding InformationThe research was supported by the China National Science Foundation, China Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing Government and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
Lycopene Inhibits Amyloid‐β25–35‐Induced Apoptosis by Decreasing Intracellular and Mitochondrial ROS Levels in Human Neuronal SH‐SY5Y Cells
Authors: HWANG SINWOO , Lim Joo Weon , Kim Hyeyoung 
Published: November 2023

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major neurodegenerative disorder which is characterized by amyloid‐beta (Aβ) plaque and neurofibrillary tangles. The accumulation of Aβ in the brain is a crucial feature of AD, which causes cell death in AD by evoking a cascade of oxidative damage to neuronal cells. Lycopene, a carotenoid family, has been recognized as an antioxidant to protect oxidative stress‐induced cell damage in several cell lines.In this study, we investigated the effect of lycopene on Aβ25–35‐induced cytotoxicity in human neuronal SH‐SY5Y cells. SH‐SY5Y cells were widely used a typical model for AD.Cell viability was measured by MTT assay, and apoptotic evidence (bax, bcl‐2, and caspase‐3) was assessed by Western blotting.Our results showed that exposure of cells to Aβ25–35 induces apoptotic cell death by increasing Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio and caspase‐3 activation. In addition, Aβ25–35 increased levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial ROS. Lycopene significantly suppressed viability loss and decreased apoptotic indices (increased Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio and caspase‐3 activation) in Aβ25–35 treated cells. Lycopene reduced the levels of intracellular and mitochondrial ROS in the cells, which was evoked by exposure to Aβ25–35.These results suggest that lycopene attenuates the Aβ25–35‐induced apoptosis by decreasing intracellular and mitochondrial ROS levels in neuronal cells. Lycopene supplementation may be beneficial for preventing neuronal cell death of the patients with Alzheimer's disease.
Broccoli (Brassica oleracea) Extract Combats Streptozotocin‐Induced Diabetes and Oxidative Stress in Rats
Authors: Suresh Sithara , Waly Mostafa I , Guizani Nejib , Rahman Mohammad Shafiur 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundThe primary prevention of type 2 diabetes relies also on lifestyle changes, including dietary habits. The antidiabetic effects of several foods and dietary supplements in both animal models and in humans have been explored. It was found that beneficial effects are mainly dependent on antioxidant and hypoglycemic properties. Broccoli (Brassica oleracea) exerts beneficial effects in several diseases including type 2 diabetes, yet the mechanism was not elucidated.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the hypoglycemic and antioxidant potential properties of broccoli extract in diabetic rats.MethodsTwenty male Sprague Dawley rats, weighting 250–300 grams, were allocated as into 4 groups (5 rats/group): non‐diabetic control that received chow diet; non‐diabetic control group that received chow diet plus oral feeding of broccoli extract; diabetic group that received chow diet; and diabetic group that received chow diet plus oral feeding of broccoli extract. Streptozotocin (STZ) drug was used as a diabetogenic agent in a single intraperitoneal injection dose of 60 gm/kg body weight, and the blood glucose level for each rat was measured twice a week. After 8 weeks, all animals were overnight fasted and sacrificed; serum was collected for measurement of glucose, and pancreatic tissues were homogenized for biochemical assessment of antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase), and oxidative stress markers (glutathione, total antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation, and hydrogen peroxide).ResultsDiabetic rats treated with broccoli extract had shown a significant protective effect against STZ‐induced hyperglycemia and oxidative stress as compared with the control group.ConclusionOur results provide evidence that broccoli extract possessed potential health benefits in controlling STZ‐induced diabetes in rats. The used in‐vivo model provides insight for the capacity of broccoli extract to be used for phytoremediation purposes in the context of human type 2 diabetes.
Comparison of Two Administration Forms of a Highly Viscous Fibre Blend on Appetite and Glycemic Response in Healthy Individuals
Authors: Au‐Yeung Fei , Jovanovski Elena , Ho Hoang , Zurbau Andreea , Jenkins Alexandra L , Vuksan Vladimir 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveThe effect of viscous fibres on appetite and food intake have been equivocal, limited by the capacity of gel‐formation within the gastrointestinal tract. Differences in fibre administration form many determine the physiological effects of viscous fibres. Using a highly viscous fibre blend (VFB) of two complimentary fibres, konjac glucomannan and xanthan gum, we investigated the acute effects of pre‐hydrating VFB into a solid gel compared to the powdered form on appetite and glycemic response.MethodsEighteen (18) healthy participants completed the study (F: 11/M: 7; Age: 28.6 ± 3.2 years; BMI: 23.3 ± 0.7 kg/m2) and 15 provided blood samples. In an acute, randomized, double‐blinded, cross‐over design, participants consumed 1 of 5 test meals on 5 separate occasions with > 2 day washout period. The test meals were: 50 g available carbohydrates in bread with 5 g VFB as a powder (50Pow), 5 g VFB as a pre‐hydrated gel (50Gel), or a fibre‐free control (50Con), and 25 g available carbohydrates in bread with 25 g available carbohydrates in the gel dessert with 5 g VFB pre‐hydrated into the gel (25Gel) or a fibre‐free control (25Con). All meals consisted of bread, margarine, and a gel dessert which totaled 50 g of available carbohydrates. A metabolically controlled lunch was consumed 180 min later. Satiety was recorded using visual analogue scales.ResultsThe incremental area under the curve (iAUC) after 120 min for blood glucose was lower after 50Pow (mean difference: −40 %, p < 0.001) and 50Gel (mean difference: −23 %, p = 0.049) vs. 50Con. No differences were observed between 50Pow and 50Gel (p = 0.16). Additionally, 50Gel increased satiety after 120 min vs. 50Pow (MD: +26 %, p=0.035) and 50Con (mean difference: +28 %, p = 0.025). The iAUC after 120 min for blood glucose was lower in 25Gel vs. 25Con (mean difference: −28 %, p = 0.006), but no significant differences were observed in satiety.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that VFB may improve the postprandial glycemic response irrespective of administration mode, but consumption in a pre‐hydrated gel may confer additional benefits from improved satiety.Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01657058
Predicting Initial Lipid Release from Masticated Tree Nuts Using Mathematical Modelling
Authors: Grassby Terri , Shen Youcong , Wagner Lily , Beckett Sarah , Hall Wendy , Berry Sarah 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionThe proportion of lipid released during mastication of nuts is strongly influenced by particle size, due to natural encapsulation of the lipid by the walls of intact cells. The cell walls may act as barriers to digestion and may partially explain why nuts have reduced metabolizable energy versus the energy content predicted by Atwater factors. The lipid released from masticated nuts can be calculated using a mathematical model which has the cell diameter and the particle size distribution (PSD) of the bolus as variables. This study measured the cell size and PSD of four tree nuts (raw cashews, raw walnuts, roasted pistachios and raw Brazil nuts) to predict the lipid released due to their mastication.ObjectivesTo predict the proportion of lipid released from masticated tree nuts, using measurements of cell size and PSD of masticated tree nuts (including cashews, walnuts, pistachios and Brazil nuts). To compare the results for these nuts to those already published for almonds.Method/DesignTransverse and longitudinal sections were cut from each nut (including almonds) and micrographs processed using image analysis software to calculate the average cell diameter. Two randomized, un‐blinded, cross‐over trials were conducted. In each trial, 10 healthy volunteers attended two sessions, at which they chewed eight samples of a randomly allocated nut. For determination of PSDs, the expectorated boluses were sieved (2 boluses) or analyzed by laser diffraction (2 boluses). Initial lipid release was then predicted using the mathematical model.ResultsThe cashew cells (34.3 μm) were smaller than the almond (45.1 μm), walnut (49.4 μm), pistachio (53.1 μm), and Brazil nut cells (60.8 μm). Laser diffraction showed that masticated nut boluses had median particle sizes (± SEM) which were smaller (cashews, 178 ± 12 μm; walnuts, 179 ± 8 μm; pistachios, 123 ± 10 μm; Brazil nuts, 145 ± 8 μm) than that for almonds measured previously (550 ± 18 μm). This results in higher predicted lipid release, calculated from the mathematical model, (mean, range) for cashews (12.3%, 8.7–16.3%), walnuts (14.5%, 12.0–18.0%), pistachios (11.0%, 8.7–13.0%) and Brazil nuts (14.4%, 11.9–17.3%) than for almonds (9.5%, 7.4–11.1%).ConclusionsAll of the five nuts had predicted lipid releases of less than 18%, which would be expected to attenuate postprandial lipemia and total nutrient availability relative to that expected due to their total lipid content. Due to their higher lipid content and predicted lipid release, walnuts and Brazil nuts (after mastication) are likely to release more fat on mastication than the other nuts tested.This research was approved by the relevant NHS National Research Ethics Committee (14/LO/2286 and 15/WS/0104) and registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02398084 and NCT02497768).Support or Funding InformationThis research was funded by King's College London.
EGCG Decreases Mortality in a Dose‐Dependent Fashion but Does Not Improve Cognition in Aged Mice
Authors: Pence Brandt D. , Bhattacharya Tushar K. , Rytych Jennifer L. , Park Pul , Allen Jacob M. , Sun Yi , McCusker Robert H. , Kelley Keith W. , Johnson Rodney W. , Rhodes Justin S. , Woods Jeffrey A. 
Published: November 2023

We have previously shown that 40 days of a diet containing epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and beta‐alanine was not effective in improving either cognitive or muscle function in aged (18 month) mice (Gibbons et al. Behav Brain Res 2014, Pence et al. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab in press). However, diet reduced oxidative stress in the brain, and previous studies using longer‐term interventions have documented beneficial effects in cognitive function, especially with EGCG. Therefore, we investigated whether a different dose of EGCG could be more efficacious in altering cognition. Aged (21–25 mo) Balb/cByJ male mice underwent 9 weeks of feeding with EGCG at 0, 0.09, or 4.1 mg/g AIN‐93M diet (n=15/group), then underwent a battery of cognitive tests. EGCG feeding did not alter preference for novel versus familiar arm in the Y‐maze test (p=0.292) and did not affect learning in the active avoidance test (p=0.758). Additionally, EGCG did not affect preference for novel versus familiar mice in a social exploration test (p=0.167). EGCG did decrease mortality in a dose‐dependent fashion (p=0.05, logrank test), with 91% of high EGCG, 72% of low EGCG, and 55% of control mice surviving to the end of the study. In conclusion, EGCG may improve survival in aged mice but does not affect cognitive function.Support or Funding InformationFunded by the Abbott‐UIUC Center for Nutrition, Learning, and Memory
Secular Trends in Regional Differences in Biomarkers of Dietary Exposure and Inflammation among American Adults: NHANES III, 1988–1994 to C‐NHANES 1999–2010
Authors: Kant Ashima K. , Graubard Barry I. 
Published: November 2023

Regional disparities in health outcomes, including age‐adjusted mortality rates, are evident at several different levels of geographic aggregation in the US. The regional gradient of health outcomes generally reveal the South and Midwest regions to compare unfavorably with the West and Northeast regions. Moreover, regional gaps in health outcomes have persisted over time. We used data from several NHANES surveys to examine time trends in the association of census region of residence (Northeast, Midwest, West, and South) with serum concentrations of several nutritional biomarkers among American adults aged ≥20 years. The biomarkers available for this period included: serum (and RBC) folate and c‐reactive protein (CRP) (NHANES 1988–1994 to 2009–2010, n>40,000); α‐carotene, β‐carotene, β‐cryptoxanthin, lutein‐zeaxanthin, lycopene, and vitamin D (NHANES 1988–1994 to 2001–2006; n>26,500), vitamin E (NHANES 1988–1994, 1999–2001 and 2005–2006, n> 26,500); vitamin C (NHANES 1988–1994 and 2003–2006, n>21,900); and vitamin B‐6 (NHANES 2003–2008, n>12, 800). In multivariable regression models adjusted for covariates, the interactions of survey cycle and region were not significant, indicating similar secular trends among regions. Main effect of region was significant (P<0.01) for all biomarkers except serum vitamin B‐6. Mean serum concentrations of all examined biomarkers were lower but that of CRP were higher in the South census region of the country. Generally the observed regional gradients in biomarker concentrations were in the same direction as those reported for health outcomes.Support or Funding InformationFunded by National Institute of Aging grant (AG046540) (AKK).
Nut Intake, Prospective Weight Change, and Obesity Risk: The Adventist Health Study‐2
Authors: EL‐AMARI SALEM S , LLOREN JAN IRENE , SABATE JOAN 
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUNDNuts are currently recommended for lower serum cholesterol and reduces the risk of heart diseases. However, since they are high in energy and fat, long term consumption of nuts may lead to weight gain.OBJECTIVETo prospectively investigate the possible relationship between habitual nut intake and body weight gain and overweight/obesity risk.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSUsing data from Adventist Health Study‐2, an ongoing large cohort study, an analytical sample of 41,845 participants (65.5% female) with an average age of 55 years was examined. This analysis relate changes, between baseline and an avaerage of 8 years of follow‐up, in self‐reported body weight to regular nut consumption. Consumption of total nuts, including tree nuts and peanuts, (in grams/week) was assessed at baseline with a validated food frequency questionnaire. Odds ratios, and their corresponding 95% CI, were calculated from modelling unconditional logistic regression accounting for relevant demographic and many potential lifestyle confounders.RESULTS7,553 subjects gained ≥ 5kg of body weight and 23,372 became overweight/obese during the follow‐up. Subjects at the high tertile of tree nut intake (median intake of 21 gms/wk), compared to those at the low tertile (median intake of 1.3 gms/wk), had lower risk of gaining ≥ 5 kg body weight (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.86, 0.99, p 0.028). Further adjustment for baseline BMI turned these findings to non‐significant. No significant association was observed between the risk of gaining ≥5 kg body weight and both peanut and total nut intake. In addition, among lean subjects at baseline, participants at the high tertile of total and tree nut intake; compared to those at the low tertile of intake, had lower risk of overweight/obesity (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.68, 0.78, p < 0.0001) and (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.65,0.74, p < 0.0001) respectively. However, no significant association was observed for peanut intake. Finally, among obese subjects at baseline, no difference in odds of becoming lean was observed among different levels of nut consumption.CONCLUSIONOur results have shown that long term consumption of nuts is not associated with body weight gain, and actually decreases the risk of overweight and obesity. These results are contrary to the public misconception that nuts are fattening.Support or Funding InformationNational Cancer Institute funded the original study (5R01 CA094594).
Dietary Carotenoid, Retinol, and Ascorbic Acid Intake and its Association with Breast Density in Young Women
Authors: Bodor J. Nicholas , Jung Seungyoun , Klifa Catherine , Van Horn Linda , Dorgan Joanne F. 
Published: November 2023

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer in women and is the second leading cause of cancer death. A number of studies have investigated antioxidants and other dietary factors in their role in reducing breast cancer risk. In particular, much focus has been on the potential protective properties of carotenoids, retinol, and ascorbic acid, though findings are inconsistent. This study examined the intake of these nutrients in association with breast density, a known strong risk factor for developing breast malignancies. Data from a cohort of young women (mean age 27), who participated in the Dietary Intervention Study in Children – 2006 Follow‐Up Study (N = 172), were analyzed. Carotenoid, retinol, and ascorbic acid intake was assessed using multiple 24‐hour dietary recall data. Measures of absolute and percent dense breast volume were obtained using magnetic resonance imaging. Multivariable mixed effects models assessed the relationship between carotenoid, retinol, and ascorbic acid intake and breast density measures. All models accounted for race, smoking status, education, parity, duration of sex hormone use, childhood body mass index z‐score, percent body fat, and total energy intake. After adjustment, women in the highest quartile of total carotenoid consumption had an average percent dense breast volume of 15.8 %, compared to 20.3 % among those in the lowest quartile (p‐value < 0.01). A comparable trend was found for ascorbic acid, where women with the highest intake had a percent dense volume of 18.1 %, compared to 23.9 % in the lowest intake group (p‐value < 0.001). Similarly, greater retinol consumption was associated with decreased absolute breast dense volume (trend p‐value < 0.05). Findings from this study suggest that greater intakes of carotenoids, retinol, and ascorbic acid are associated with lower breast density in young women. Whether this may confer a lower risk for developing breast cancer requires further exploration.Support or Funding InformationFunding provided by: R01 CA104670 (Dorgan, JF)
FOOD ITEMS THAT TRIGGERING A SYMPTOM IN FUNCTIONAL GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS
Authors: dikmen derya , Göktaş Zeynep , Demir Aslıhan , Öztürk Ömer , Aksoy Evrim Kahramanoğlu , Köklü Hayretdin , Tuna Yaşar , Kekilli Murat , Korkmaz Hüseyin , Yılmaz Bülent , Asıl Mehmet , Köklü Gülşah , Köklü Seyfettin 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionIrrıtable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional dyspepsia (FD) are the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders. IBS is an idiopathic disorder with wide range of symptoms like diarrhea, constipation and abdominal pain. FD is a disorder in gastroduodenal region and it consists of pain and burning sensation in epigastrium and feeling of early satiety and fullness. Pathophysiology of both disorders is not clear yet. Extrinsic factors including psychological factors and foods may affect the course of those chronic disorders.AimIn the current study we aimed to investigate what type of foods trigger the gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with IBS and FD.Methods & MaterialsDiagnosis of FD and IBS were based on Rome III criteria. 631 subjects (159 with IBS, 167 with FD, 170 with both IBS and FD and 135 healthy control subjects) participated in the study from six hospitals located in different regions of Turkey. All the subjects completed a questionnaire which included questions about nutritional habits, physical activity, sleeping habits, a short form of food frequency questionnaire. Anthropometric measures like weight and height were self‐reported.ResultsThe most prevalent food items that trigger the symptoms in FD were; carbonated drinks (15.1%), hot spices (14.8%) and fried foods (14.1%). In IBS subject group carbonated drinks (16.1%), hot spices, (13.8%) and legumes especially beans (8.2 %) and fried foods (7.9 %) were the main food items that trigger the symptoms. In the IBS and FD group, carbonated drinks (14.2 %), hot spices (11.7 %) and fried foods (9.8 %) were also the main food items causing a symptom. Although the main symptom triggering food item was carbonated drinks for all the groups, 50 % of the subjects were not abstaining from such drinks.ConclusionAlthough IBS and FD have different symptoms, both disorders might be affected by similar food items.