bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A linear matrix inequality approach to optimal reset control design for a class of nonlinear systems
Authors: Shahbazzadeh Majid , Sadati S. Jalil , HosseinNia S. Hassan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this article, the problem of the optimal reset control design for Lipschitz nonlinear systems is addressed. The reset controller includes a base linear controller and a reset law that enforces resets to the controller states. The reset law design is strongly dependent on the appropriate design of the base controller. For this reason, in this article, the base controller and reset law are simultaneously designed. More precisely, an optimal dynamic output feedback is considered as the base controller which minimizes the upper bound of a quadratic performance index, and a reset law is used to improve the transient response of the closed‐loop system. This design is done in a full offline procedure. The problem is transformed into a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), and the reset controller is obtained by solving an offline LMI optimization problem. Finally, two examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness and validity of the proposed method.
Learning likelihood ratios with neural network classifiers
Authors: Rizvi Shahzar , Pettee Mariel , Nachman Benjamin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The likelihood ratio is a crucial quantity for statistical inference in science that enables hypothesis testing, construction of confidence intervals, reweighting of distributions, and more. Many modern scientific applications, however, make use of data- or simulation-driven models for which computing the likelihood ratio can be very difficult or even impossible. By applying the so-called “likelihood ratio trick,” approximations of the likelihood ratio may be computed using clever parametrizations of neural network-based classifiers. A number of different neural network setups can be defined to satisfy this procedure, each with varying performance in approximating the likelihood ratio when using finite training data. We present a series of empirical studies detailing the performance of several common loss functionals and parametrizations of the classifier output in approximating the likelihood ratio of two univariate and multivariate Gaussian distributions as well as simulated high-energy particle physics datasets.
A simple QP modification of the OC update to permit treatment of the topology design problem of self-weight
Authors: Munro Dirk 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis note communicates a simple modification of the optimality criteria (OC) design update—as found in well-known Matlab implementations of the classical topology design problem—to an update based on a quadratic program (QP) with a single linear constraint. This QP update is a special case of the dual of Falk, which in general accommodates multiple constraints, as discussed in the Appendix. It is demonstrated that the topology design problem of self-weight may be treated with judicious selection of the adaptive curvature term in the QP, without resorting to more sophisticated algorithms or material interpolation schemes. Theory is recited and an accordingly modified version of the canonical Matlab implementation is provided as supplementary material.
Electronic cigarettes and cardiovascular disease: epidemiological and biological links
Authors: Zong Huiqi , Hu Zhekai , Li Weina , Wang Mina , Zhou Qi , Li Xiang , Liu Hongxu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractElectronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), as alternative nicotine delivery methods, has rapidly increased among youth and adults in recent years. However, cardiovascular safety is an important consideration regarding e-cigarettes usage. e-cigarette emissions, including nicotine, propylene glycol, flavorings, nitrosamine, and metals, might have adverse effects on cardiovascular health. A large body of epidemiological evidence has indicated that e-cigarettes are considered an independent risk factor for increased rates of cardiovascular disease occurrence and death. The incidence and mortality of various types of cardiovascular disease, such as cardiac arrhythmia, hypertension, acute coronary syndromes, and heart failure, have a modest growth in vapers (users of e-cigarettes). Although the underlying biological mechanisms have not been fully understood, studies have validated that oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, hemodynamic effects, and platelet function play important roles in which e-cigarettes work in the human body. This minireview consolidates and discusses the epidemiological and biological links between e-cigarettes and various types of cardiovascular disease.
Risk factors for poor outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in patients with initial favorable neurological status
Authors: Lenkeit Annika , Oppong Marvin Darkwah , Dinger Thiemo Florin , Gümüs Meltem , Rauschenbach Laurèl , Chihi Mehdi , Ahmadipour Yahya , Uerschels Anne-Kathrin , Dammann Philipp , Deuschl Cornelius , Wrede Karsten H. , Sure Ulrich , Jabbarli Ramazan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) remains a devastating diagnosis. A poor outcome is known to be highly dependent on the initial neurological status. Our goal was to identify other parameters that favor the risk of complications and poor outcome in patients with aSAH and initially favorable neurologic status.

Methods
Consecutive aSAH cases treated at our hospital between 01/2003 and 06/2016 with the initial World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies grades I–III were included. Data on demographic characteristics, previous medical history, initial aSAH severity, and functional outcome after aSAH were collected. The study endpoints were the occurrence of cerebral infarcts, in-hospital mortality, and unfavorable outcome at 6 months after aSAH (modified Rankin scale > 3).

Results
In the final cohort (n= 582), the rate of cerebral infarction, in-hospital mortality, and unfavorable outcome was 35.1%, 8.1%, and 17.6% respectively. The risk of cerebral infarction was independently related to the presence of acute hydrocephalus (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=2.33, p<0.0001), aneurysm clipping (aOR=1.78, p=0.003), and use of calcium channel blockers concomitant to nimodipine (aOR=2.63, p=0.002). Patients’ age (>55 years, aOR=4.24, p<0.0001), acute hydrocephalus (aOR=2.43, p=0.036), and clipping (aOR=2.86, p=0.001) predicted in-hospital mortality. Baseline characteristics associated with unfavorable outcome at 6 months were age (aOR=2.77, p=<0.0001), Fisher grades III–IV (aOR=2.81, p=0.016), acute hydrocephalus (aOR=2.22, p=0.012), clipping (aOR=3.98, p<0.0001), admission C-reactive protein>1mg/dL (aOR=1.76, p=0.035), and treatment intervals (aOR=0.64 per-5-year-intervals, p=0.006).

Conclusions
Although cerebral infarction is a common complication in aSAH individuals with favorable initial clinical condition, >80% of these patients show favorable long-term outcome. The knowledge of outcome-relevant baseline characteristics might help to reduce the burden of further complications and poor outcome in aSAH patients who tolerated the initial bleeding event well.
Using positioning theory to think about mathematics classroom talk
Authors: Drageset Ove Gunnar , Ell Fiona 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis article aims to connect two research areas by using positioning theory to review the literature on talk moves, teacher interactions, and discourse patterns in mathematics education. First, a conceptual review identified 44 articles with 94 concepts describing interactions and discourse patterns. Similar concepts were grouped in a process that developed five categories, each describing one teacher position (a teacher who tells, a teacher who supports, a teacher who uses students’ ideas to create learning, a teacher who orchestrates, and a teacher who participates). Related to each position, we describe rights, duties, and communication acts. We suggest that these five teacher positions represent three transcendent storylines (teachers are providers of insight, teachers are facilitators of learning, and teachers are participants in learning). Using positioning theory enables us to understand the underlying powers that shape the classroom in relation to transcendent storylines, rights, and duties. We use this to explore what the implications are of these storylines and positions for equity and access to important mathematical ideas. This article contributes to our understanding of the complexity of classroom interactions and how transcendent storylines might play a role in subverting or promoting particular classroom communication patterns.
Interrater reliability of photographic assessment of thyroid eye disease using the VISA classification
Authors: Boynes Antony C. , Enright Nicholas J. , Hardy Thomas G. , Khong Jwu Jin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To determine the interrater reliability (IRR) of thyroid eye disease (TED) photographic assessment using the VISA classification. To assess whether a VISA grading atlas improves ophthalmology trainees’ performance in photographic assessment of TED.

Methods
A prospective, partially randomized, international study conducted from September 2021 to May 2022. Online study invitation was emailed to a volunteer sample group of 68 ophthalmology college accredited consultants and trainees, and 6 were excluded from the study. Participants were asked to score 10 patient photographs of TED using only the inflammation and motility restriction components of the VISA classification. IRR was compared between groups of practitioners by their level of experience. A clinical activity grading atlas was randomized to 50% of the ophthalmology trainees.

Results
Overall rater ICC was 0.96 for inflammation and 0.99 for motility restriction. No statistically significant difference in IRR between rater groups was identified. Trainees with a grading atlas had the highest IRR for inflammation (ICC = 0.95). Each subcomponent of the inflammation and motility restriction components of VISA classification had an ICC considered good to excellent. The mean overall rater score was 4.6/9 for inflammation and 3.5/12 for motility restriction. For motility restriction there was a reduced mean score variance among all raters when scoring photographs with more severe motility restriction.

Conclusion
IRR using the inflammation and motility restriction components of the VISA classification was excellent. A VISA grading atlas improved trainee performance in grading inflammation.
Well-established carbon nanomaterials: modification, characterization and dispersion in different solvents
Authors: Theodorakopoulos George V. , Karousos Dionysios S. , Benra Jan , Forero Stefan , Hammerstein Ruben , Sapalidis Andreas A. , Katsaros Fotios K. , Schubert Tim , Favvas Evangelos P. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThree different types of carbon nanomaterials, SWCNTs, MWCNTs and GNPs were prepared, modified, characterized, and their dispersibility behavior in three different solvents was evaluated. The carbon nanotubes were synthesized by using the well-known chemical vapor deposition method and the graphene nanoplatelets by wet physicochemical treatment techniques. Their characterization was accomplished by using various advanced techniques, such as powder X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and N2 adsorption at 77 K. Furthermore, the carbon nanostructures were modified via plasma treatment and wet chemical surface modification in order to enhance their dispersion characteristics, for achieving more homogenous suspensions and therefore to be remained dispersed over a reasonable period of time without any sedimentation. The effect of treatment parameters and the use of different solvents were thoroughly studied mainly by optical methods, but also by using the DIN/EN classified ISO method of oil absorption and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The enhanced dispersion rate is observed in both CNTs and GNPs materials following their surface treatment, especially when using the solvent n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. The aforementioned studied nanomaterials are perfect candidate fillers for preparing polymeric mixed matrix membranes.
Graphical abstract
The emergence of case matching in discontinuous DPs
Authors: Clem Emily , Dawson Virginia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper explores a distinction between two phenomena that yield multiple realizations of case associated with one nominal. The first is the familiar type of nominal case concord; the second is a new phenomenon we label “case iteration.” While case concord involves the morphological realization of case on categorially distinct elements via feature sharing, case iteration arises via a separate mechanism and involves the realization of multiple instances of a functional head, which we model as D. In this sense, the case concord/case iteration distinction mirrors the agreement/clitic doubling distinction in the domain of argument-predicate matching. We argue for the existence of case iteration as a separate phenomenon primarily on the basis of novel data from Tiwa (Tibeto-Burman; India). In Tiwa, traditional case concord in continuous DPs is ruled out, but case iteration is obligatory in discontinuous DPs. We also demonstrate that this phenomenon is attested in Amahuaca (Panoan; Peru) and explore related patterns crosslinguistically.
FCPFNet: Feature Complementation Network with Pyramid Fusion for Semantic Segmentation
Authors: Lei Jingsheng , Shu Chente , Xu Qiang , Yu Yunxiang , Yang Shengying 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTraditional pyramid pooling modules have shown effective improvements in semantic segmentation tasks by capturing multi-scale feature information. However, their limitations arise from the shallow structure, which fails to fully extract contextual information, and the fused multi-scale feature information lacks distinctiveness, resulting in issues with the final segmentation discriminability. To address these issues, we proposes an effective solution called FCPFNet, which is based on global contextual prior for deep feature extraction of detailed information. Specifically, we introduce a novel deep feature aggregation module to extract semantic information from the output feature map of each layer through a deep aggregation of context information module, and expands the effective perception range. Additionally, we propose an Efficient Pyramid Pooling Module (EPPM) to capture distinctive features through communicating information between different sub-features and performs multi-scale fusion, which is integrated as a branch within the network to complement the information loss resulting from downsampling operations. Furthermore, in order to ensure the richness of image detail feature information and maintain a large receptive field to obtain more contextual information, EPPM concatenates the input feature map and the output feature map of the pyramid pooling module to acquire more comprehensive global contextual information. It has been demonstrated by experiment that the method described in this article achieves competitive performance on the challenging scene segmentation datasets Pascal VOC 2012, Cityscapes and Coco-Stuff, with MIOU of 81.0%, 78.8% and 40.1%, respectively.
The Role of the Human Cerebellum for Learning from and Processing of External Feedback in Non-Motor Learning: A Systematic Review
Authors: Berlijn Adam M. , Huvermann Dana M. , Schneider Sandra , Bellebaum Christian , Timmann Dagmar , Minnerop Martina , Peterburs Jutta 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis review aimed to systematically identify and comprehensively review the role of the cerebellum in performance monitoring, focusing on learning from and on processing of external feedback in non-motor learning. While 1078 articles were screened for eligibility, ultimately 36 studies were included in which external feedback was delivered in cognitive tasks and which referenced the cerebellum. These included studies in patient populations with cerebellar damage and studies in healthy subjects applying neuroimaging. Learning performance in patients with different cerebellar diseases was heterogeneous, with only about half of all patients showing alterations. One patient study using EEG demonstrated that damage to the cerebellum was associated with altered neural processing of external feedback. Studies assessing brain activity with task-based fMRI or PET and one resting-state functional imaging study that investigated connectivity changes following feedback-based learning in healthy participants revealed involvement particularly of lateral and posterior cerebellar regions in processing of and learning from external feedback. Cerebellar involvement was found at different stages, e.g., during feedback anticipation and following the onset of the feedback stimuli, substantiating the cerebellum’s relevance for different aspects of performance monitoring such as feedback prediction. Future research will need to further elucidate precisely how, where, and when the cerebellum modulates the prediction and processing of external feedback information, which cerebellar subregions are particularly relevant, and to what extent cerebellar diseases alter these processes.
Low binder content bricks: a regolith-based solution for sustainable surface construction on the Moon
Authors: Torre Roberto , Cowley Aidan , Ferro Carlo Giovanni 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis work proposes a composite construction material made by a blend of lunar regolith and thermoplastic binders in dry powder form. This solution offers advantages over regolith sintering or melting by requiring lower power consumption and simplifying the manufacturing process. However, its sustainability depends on minimizing the content of the binder material. Drawing from validated concepts used on Earth, such as polymeric concrete and compressed Earth bricks, this paper suggests that binder optimization can be achieved by simplifying and streamlining the manufacturing process, targeting parts with predefined shapes. Standardized elements like bricks or tiles ease production and assembly automation, especially when incorporating interlocking features, simplifying the payload concept transition. After drafting the process with a minimum number of basic steps, this work studies the effects of some process parameters to minimize the weight percentage of the matrix while maintaining reasonable mechanical properties. The compressive and the flexural strength are the targets of an orthogonal array Design of Experiment. Through comparison with reference values for civil engineering, the process demonstrates promising results within an organic phase as low as 10 wt%.
Transdisciplinary contributions in undergraduate university students through a stratospheric balloon project with an astrobiological focus
Authors: Chon-Torres Octavio Alfonso , Macassi Zavala Diego Antonio , Ramos Ramirez Julio Cesar , Santos Jimenez Ofelia Carmen , Lazarte Oyague Saby Evelyn , Murga-Moreno César Andreé 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In a rapidly changing academic-scientific context, it is essential to adapt new learning strategies that foster the acquisition of new knowledge and the development of skills in future professionals, such as interacting synergistically with disciplines outside their own to execute projects successfully and comprehensively. The adaptation is only possible thanks to the inter and transdisciplinarity that Astrobiology has promoted since its inception. We use the term transdisciplinary for education that integrates different disciplines in a way to build new knowledge and increase the student's knowledge and skills. For this reason, this study aimed to demonstrate that an astrobiological stratospheric balloon launch project cultivates transdisciplinary awareness in participants: undergraduate university students in Lima, Peru. The sample consisted of 15 students from the following disciplines: biology, genetics, chemical engineering, physics, industrial engineering, agri-food engineering, forestry engineering, electronics engineering, mechatronics engineering, geology, geological engineering, philosophy, social communication, audiovisual communication and education. Using a semi-structured in-depth interview technique, experts validated the questions from the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Peru, and a matrix of meaning was constructed to classify the responses, ultimately obtaining the categories: contribution, complementarity and quantity. The participants' responses were processed and analyzed with Chat-GPT 3.5, revealing unanimous agreement that each participant's discipline contributed to the success of the balloon launch. To complement the qualitative interpretation of the results, a quantitative measurement was conducted to minimize subjective biases. Additionally, they gained knowledge and insights into other unfamiliar study subjects, collaborated to improve process quality, shared and harmonized their ideas to implement comprehensive solutions, and affirmed that their university education is often isolated or strictly focused on their specialization. In conclusion, experiences where different areas of knowledge converge in praxis, have the potential to awaken new technical, cognitive and communication skills in the individuals involved, utilizing astrobiological resources to invigorate and strengthen collective learning.
‘When it goes well, it works fantastically’: motivations to train and their impact on the practice of CBT
Authors: Roscoe Jason , Wilbraham Susan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Cognitive behavioural therapy training courses recruit individuals from a wide range of professional backgrounds; however, little is known about the motivations of individuals to train in CBT, compared with other therapeutic modalities. Previous research has found that role transition generates multiple intrapersonal conflicts for trainees, therefore it is of interest to better understand the impact of motivational factors on the experience of learning and practising CBT. Forty-three qualified CBT practitioners completed an online questionnaire with the data analysed using a grounded theory approach. A core category of ‘Alignment with CBT’ was drawn from the data, characterised by two distinct groups of therapists – ‘CBT endorsers’ and ‘career enhancers’. A model was developed consisting of universal and group specific factors related to motivation. The findings add to the literature on the impact of therapist characteristics on CBT practice. Practical applications of the model for trainers and supervisors are discussed.

Key learning aims
As a result of reading this paper, readers should:

(1)
Understand how various motivations to train in CBT affect engagement with theories and interventions;

(2)
Be able to identify some of their own intrapersonal challenges in the application of CBT formulations and interventions;

(3)
Recognise training and supervision strategies that might assist with identifying and managing challenges related to epistemic style and theoretical orientation.