bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of the Papilla Level Adjacent to Single‐Tooth Dental Implants. A Retrospective Study in the Maxillary Anterior Region
Authors: Choquet Vincent , Hermans Marc , Adriaenssens Philippe , Daelemans Philippe , Tarnow Dennis P. , Malevez Chantal 
Published: February 2005

Background: The regeneration of gingival papillae after single‐implant treatment is an area of current investigation. This study was designed to determine: 1) whether the distance from the base of the contact point to the crest of the bone would correlate with the presence or absence of interproximal papillae adjacent to single‐tooth implants, and 2) whether the surgical technique at uncovering influences the outcome.Methods: A clinical and radiographic retrospective evaluation of the papilla level around single dental implants and their adjacent teeth was performed in the anterior maxilla in 26 patients restored with 27 implants. Six months after insertion, 17 implants were uncovered with a standard technique, while 10 implants were uncovered with a technique designed to generate papilla‐like formation around dental implants. Fifty‐two papillae were available for clinical and radiographic evaluation. The presence or absence of papillae was determined, and the effects of the following variables were analyzed: the influence of the 2 surgical techniques; the vertical relation between the papilla height and the crest of bone between the implant and adjacent teeth; the vertical relation between the papilla level and the contact point between the crowns of the teeth and the implant; and the distance from the contact point to the crest of bone.Results: When the measurement from the contact point to the crest of bone was 5 mm or less, the papilla was present almost 100% of the time. When the distance was ≥6 mm, the papilla was present 50% of the time or less. The mean distance between the crest of bone and the most coronal papilla level (interproximal soft tissue height) was 3.85 mm (SD = 1.04). When comparing the conventional and modified surgical technique, the relation shifted from 3.77 mm (SD = 1.01) to 4.01 mm (SD = 1.10), respectively.Conclusions: These results clearly show the influence of the bone crest on the presence or absence of papillae between implants and adjacent teeth. The data also show a positive influence for the modified surgical technique, aimed at reconstructing papillae at the implant uncovering. J Periodontol 2001;72:1364‐1371.
Is Collagen Breakdown During Periodontitis Linked to Inflammatory Cells and Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases in Human Gingival Tissue?
Authors: Séguier Sylvie , Gogly Bruno , Bodineau Agnès , Godeau Gaston , Brousse Nicole 
Published: February 2005

Background: Evidence of the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) produced by resident and inflammatory cells in periodontal destruction is now well established. The purpose of this study was to quantify, in healthy and diseased upper gingival connective tissue, the area fraction (AA%) occupied by collagen fibers, the cell number belonging to inflammatory cell subsets, and the amounts of MMPs and TIMPs (tissue inhibitors of MMPs) in order to investigate the possible correlations, if any, between such molecules, collagen loss, and inflammatory cell subsets.Methods: Gingival tissue specimens from 6 healthy controls (C) and 6 patients with severe periodontitis (P) were divided into 2 groups. The first group of specimens was frozen and used for the staining of collagen fibers by sirius red F3Ba and for immunohistochemistry with antibodies against CD8, CD4, CD22, CD68, and TIA‐1 molecules. The second group was used for organ culture, zymography, Western blotting, and dot blotting. Morphometric and automated image analysis was performed for the evaluation of the area fraction occupied by collagen fibers, the number of inflammatory cell subsets and for enzymatic activities developed by MMPs, and the amounts of TIMPs expressed during periodontal disease.Results: In group P, the area fraction of collagen fibers (33 ± 10%) was significantly decreased (P <0.0002) when compared to group C (60 ± 7%), and was correlated with the number of all inflammatory cells and amounts of MMPs and TIMPs. In group P, there were significant increases of CD8+, CD22+, CD68+, and TIA‐1+ cells, as well as increases in the amounts of MMP‐1, MMP‐2, MMP‐3, MMP‐9, and the active form of MMP‐9. The active form of MMP‐9 and the amount of TIMP‐1 were positively correlated with the number of CD22+, CD68+, and TIA‐1+ cells.Conclusions: The present study showed an imbalance between MMPs and TIMPs associated with the pathologic breakdown of the extracellular matrix during periodontitis. The active form of MMP‐9 could be a marker for the clinical severity of periodontal disease. J Periodontol 2001;72:1398‐1406.
Thickness of Palatal Masticatory Mucosa Associated With Age
Authors: Wara‐aswapati Nawarat , Pitiphat Waranuch , Chandrapho Neerapa , Rattanayatikul Charunee , Karimbux Nadeem 
Published: February 2005

Background: The palatal masticatory mucosa is widely used as a donor material in periodontal plastic surgery. However, there are relatively few studies investigating the volume or thickness of the palatal mucosa. The purpose of this study was to determine the thickness of palatal masticatory mucosa in Asian subjects aged 14 to 59 years by a direct clinical technique. The associations of age and gender with the thickness of palatal mucosa were also examined.Methods: Sixty‐two systemically and periodontally healthy Asians (31 males; 31 females; age range 14 to 59 years) participated in this study. The younger age group (age 14 to 21 years) consisted of 32 subjects with a mean age of 16.8 years, whereas the older age group (age 30 to 59 years) consisted of 30 subjects with a mean age of 38.7 years. A bonesounding method using a periodontal probe with minimal anesthesia and a prepared clear acrylic stent were utilized to assess the thickness of palatal mucosa at 15 measurement sites defined according to the gingival margin and mid‐palatal line. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to examine the associations of age and gender with the mean mucosal thickness at the subject level. The Wilcoxon test was used to determine the difference in mucosal thickness between the 2 age groups, and between gender at each measurement point.Results: The mean thickness of palatal masticatory mucosa ranged from 2.0 to 3.7 mm. The younger age group had significantly thinner mucosa (mean 2.8 ± 0.3 mm) than the older age group (mean 3.1 ± 0.3 mm). Females had thinner mucosa than males in the same age group, but the difference was not statistically significant. Overall, the thickness of palatal mucosa increased from the canine to second molar areas and in the sites furthest from the gingival margin towards the mid‐palate (with the exception of the first molar area, where significantly decreased thickness was observed).Conclusions: Within the limits of the present study, the canine and premolar areas appear to be the most appropriate donor site for grafting procedures in both young and adult individuals. The subepithelial connective tissue graft procedure can be considered as a treatment modality in young patients, since a sufficient volume of donor tissue can be obtained from the hard palate area. Other factors that may influence the thickness of palatal mucosa such as racial and genetic factors and body weight need to be further investigated. J Periodontol 2001;72:1407‐1412.
Clinical Comparison of Microporous Biocompatible Composite of PMMA, PHEMA and Calcium Hydroxide Grafts and Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Barrier Membranes in Human Mandibular Molar Class II Furcations. A Case Series
Authors: Calongne Kevin B. , Aichelmann‐Reidy Mary E. , Yukna Raymond A. , Mayer Elizabeth T. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Class II furcations present difficult treatment problems. Several treatment approaches to obtain furcation fill have been used with varying success.Methods: The response of mandibular Class II furcations to treatment with either a microporous biocompatible composite of PMMA (poly‐methyl‐methacrylate), PHEMA (poly‐hydroxyl‐ethyl methacrylate) and calcium hydroxide graft synthetic bone (HTR) replacement graft material; ePTFE barrier membrane; or a combination of the two was evaluated in trios of mandibular molars with Class II furcations in 8 patients with moderate to advanced periodontitis. Following initial preparation, full‐thickness flaps were raised in the areas being treated, the bone and furcation defects debrided of granulomatous tissue, and the involved root surfaces mechanically prepared and chemically conditioned. By random allocation, HTR, ePTFE, or a combination of both was placed into and/or fitted over the furcations, packed and/or secured in place, and the host flap replaced or coronally positioned with sutures. Postsurgical deplaquing was performed every 10 days leading up to ePTFE removal at approximately 6 weeks. Continuing periodontal maintenance therapy was provided until surgical reentry at 6 months for documentation and any further necessary treatment.Results: Direct clinical measurements demonstrated essentially similar clinical results with all 3 treatments for bone and soft tissue changes. There were no statistically or clinically significant differences except for better horizontal amount and percent defect fill with HTR alone. Four of 8 furcations became Class I clinically with HTR alone, 5 of 8 became Class I with ePTFE alone, and 5 of 8 with combination treatment. The only complete furcation closure occurred with HTR.Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest essentially equal clinical results with HTR bone replacement graft material alone, ePTFE barrier alone, and a combination of the two in mandibular molar Class II furcations. However, a real difference may not have been detected based on the small number of subjects in the study. J Periodontol 2001;72:1451‐1459.
Associations Between Serum Antibody Levels to Periodontal Pathogens and Early‐Onset Periodontitis
Authors: Albandar Jasim M. , DeNardin Ann M , Adesanya Margo R. , Diehl Scott R. , Winn Deborah M. 
Published: February 2005

Background: The role of antibodies to periodontal microorganisms in the development of periodontal tissue destruction is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between serum levels of IgG, IgA, and IgM antibodies to 6 periodontal microorganisms and clinical subtypes of varying severity of earlyonset periodontitis (EOP) in young African American adults.Methods: The study group consisted of 159 African Americans aged 19 to 25 years (mean 22 years) and included 97 cases with EOP and 62 controls with no clinical signs of EOP. These subjects were selected from a nationally representative sample of adolescents who received an oral examination as part of the National Survey of Oral Health of United States Children in 1986‐1987. The group was examined clinically a second time 6 years later and blood samples were collected. Serum levels of IgG, IgA, and IgM reactive to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Campylobacter rectus, Eikenella corrodens, and Fusobacterium nucleatum were assessed.Results: Serum levels of IgG and IgA antibody reactive to P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans and IgA antibody to P. intermedia were significantly higher in generalized EOP cases compared to healthy controls. IgM antibody levels did not show any significant associations with EOP for any of the 6 bacterial species tested. There were no significant differences in antibody levels between controls and the 13 subjects in our study who were classified with localized EOP.Conclusions: The findings suggest that antibodies to P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, and A. actinomycetemcomitans may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of EOP. Substantial longitudinal studies that monitor antibody levels and avidity prior to disease onset, during progression, and following clinical intervention will be necessary to fully understand the role of this component of the immune response in protection versus tissue destruction and the potential use in EOP risk assessment and disease management. J Periodontol 2001;72:1463‐1469.
Comparative 6‐Month Clinical Study of a Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft and Acellular Dermal Matrix Graft for the Treatment of Gingival Recession
Authors: Novaes Arthur B. , Grisi Daniela C. , Molina Gustavo O. , Souza Sérgio L.S. , Taba Mario , Grisi Márcio F.M. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Different techniques have been proposed for the treatment of gingival recessions. This study compared the clinical results of gingival recession treatment using a subepithelial connective tissue graft and an acellular dermal matrix allograft.Methods: Nine patients with bilateral Miller Class I or II gingival recessions were selected. A total of 30 recessions were treated and randomly assigned to the test group and the contralateral recession to the control group. In the control group, the exposed root surfaces were treated by the placement of a connective tissue graft in combination with a coronally positioned flap; in the test group, an acellular dermal matrix allograft was used as a substitute for palatal donor tissue. Probing depth, clinical attachment level, gingival recession, and width of keratinized tissue were measured 2 weeks prior to surgery and 3 and 6 months postsurgery.Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the test group and the control group in terms of recession reduction, clinical attachment gain, and reduction in probing depth. The control group had a statistically significant increased area of keratinized tissue after 3 months compared to the test group. Both procedures, however, produced an increase in keratinized tissue after 6 months, with no statistically significant difference.Conclusion: The acellular dermal matrix allograft may be a substitute for palatal donor tissue in root coverage procedures. J Periodontol 2001;72:1477‐1484.
Periodontal Disease in Pregnancy Complicated by Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Guthmiller Janet M. , Hassebroek‐Johnson Jeanne R. , Weenig Duane R. , Johnson Georgia K. , Kirchner H. Lester , Kohout Frank J. , Hunter Stephen K. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Systemic disease and hormonal changes have been implicated as complicating factors for periodontal disease. Diabetes has been identified as a risk factor for periodontal disease, and diabetics can experience periodontal destruction at an earlier age than non‐diabetic individuals. Increased hormone levels during pregnancy can contribute to increased gingival inflammation. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) on the periodontal status of pregnant women.Methods: Thirty‐three (13 diabetic and 20 non‐diabetic) subjects, 20 to 39 weeks gestation, participated in this study. The mean age of the diabetics and non‐diabetics was 28.5 ± 7.1(SD) and 27.0 ± 7.3 years, respectively. The following parameters were assessed at Ramfjord's reference teeth: plaque index (PI), gingival inflammation (GI), probing depth (PD), gingival margin (GM) location, and clinical attachment level (CAL).Results: Diabetic subjects had significantly (P <0.001) higher PI (1.48 ± 0.69) and GI (1.77 ± 0.44) scores than non‐diabetics (PI = 0.63 ± 0.38; GI = 0.93 ± 0.48). Mean PD for diabetics (2.95 ± 0.69 mm) was significantly different (P <0.024) from that of non‐diabetics (2.44 ± 0.32 mm). Although mean GM location was coronal to the cemento‐enamel junction (CEJ) in both groups, gingival margins were at a more apical position (P <0.001) in the diabetics (−0.20 ± 1.24 mm) compared to non‐diabetics (−1.76 ± 0.53 mm). Mean CAL values also varied significantly (P <0.001) between diabetics (2.60 ± 1.54 mm) and non‐diabetics (0.68 ± 0.65 mm). Significant differences were seen for GI (P <0.001), PD (P = 0.005), GM location (P <0.001), and CAL (P <0.001) when assessing the effect of diabetes and controlling for plaque. When assessing the effect of plaque and controlling for diabetes, the only significant difference was GI (P = 0.001).Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate that periodontal inflammation and destruction are increased in pregnant diabetics as compared to non‐diabetic pregnant patients. These findings may have implications for diabetic control and, hence, maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnant diabetic patients. J Periodontol 2001;72:1485‐1490.
Surgical Therapy of Peri‐Implant Disease: A 3‐Year Follow‐Up Study of Cases Treated With 3 Different Techniques of Bone Regeneration
Authors: Khoury Fouad , Buchmann Rainer 
Published: February 2005

Background: Advanced peri‐implant intrabony defects require comprehensive surgical treatment regimens different from periodontal therapy strategies. The purpose of this longitudinal trial was to evaluate the peri‐implant outcomes following guided bone regeneration with 3 treatment protocols.Methods: In 25 patients, 41 peri‐implant defects with supporting bone loss >50% of the implant length were treated with flap surgery plus autogenous bone grafts alone (FG) (controls, n = 12) plus non‐resorbable (FGM) (test 1, n = 20) or bioabsorbable barriers (FGRM) (test 2, n = 9) and supportive antimicrobial therapy. Following submerged healing, the membranes were removed (FGM), and the peri‐implant probing depths (PD), probing bone levels (BL), mobility scores (PT), and intrabony defect height (DH) were radiographically evaluated at baseline, 6 months, and 1 and 3 years post‐therapy.Results: Non‐surgical/anti‐infective therapy resulted in a limited improvement of PD scores after 6 months. At the 3‐year visit, surgical treatment revealed significant changes from baseline for the controls and both of the test groups for PD: 5.1 ± 2.7 mm (FG), 5.4 ± 3.0 mm (FGM), and 2.6 ± 1.6 mm (FGRM), and for BL: 3.2 ± 2.4 mm (FG), 3.4 ± 2.4 mm (FGM), and 2.3 ± 1.6 mm (FGRM), Mann‐Whitney test, P ≤0.05. The changes for DH and PT were significant only for FG‐ and FGM‐treated subjects. The overall improvement for FGRM‐treated patients during the 3‐year observation was less marked. However, the differences between the 3 surgical treatment protocols did not affect the treatment outcomes after 3 years.Conclusions: Autogenous bone grafting is an appropriate treatment regimen to augment open crater‐formed peri‐implant defects. Although certain clinical situations require an additional fixation of barrier membranes, their routine application should be approached with caution. J Periodontol 2001;72:1498‐1508.
The Effects of Interleukin‐10 Depletion In Vivo on the Immune Response to Porphyromonas gingivalis in a Murine Model
Authors: Herminajeng Endang , Sosroseno Wihaskoro , Bird Philip S. , Seymour Gregory J. 
Published: February 2005

Background: The immune response to Porphyromonas gingivalis in the mouse abscess model is known to be dependent upon CD4 T‐cell activation and the regulatory role of cytokines. The role of interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) in this mouse model was examined in vivo.Methods: One‐week‐old, female BALB/c mice were divided into 4 groups. Groups 1 and 2 were given intraperitoneal (ip) injections of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) weekly for 5 weeks. Group 3 was given an ip injection of rat immunoglobulin. Group 4 was injected with rat anti‐IL‐10 antibodies. At week 6, group 1 was sham‐immunized with PBS, and groups 2, 3, and 4 were injected with P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (Pg‐LPS) weekly for 2 weeks. One week after the final immunization, delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) was assessed by footpad swelling to Pg‐LPS. The level of serum antibodies to Pg‐LPS and IFNgamma (IFN‐γ) was determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Dorsal abscess formation induced by the injection of viable P. gingivalis was examined daily for 30 days.Results: The footpad swelling of the anti‐IL‐10–treated group (group 4) was significantly higher than that of groups 1 to 3. Similarly, the serum IFN‐γ level in group 4 was much higher than that of the other experimental groups. There was no significant difference in serum IgG antibodies to Pg‐LPS in any of the experimental groups. However, the level of IgM antibodies in group 4 mice was significantly lower than that in groups 2 and 3. In addition, serum IgG1 was suppressed in group 4 mice, while IgG2a antibodies were raised. However, there was no difference observed between the levels of IgG2b and IgG3 antibodies in any group of mice. The lesions in sham‐immunized mice (group 1) persisted for 30 days, and those in group 2 and 3 were undetected by day 18 and 20, respectively. In sharp contrast, lesions in group 4 had healed completely by day 13.Conclusions: This study has shown that IL‐10 depletion in vivo in P. gingivalis LPS‐induced immune response in mice led to an elevated DTH response, an increase in serum IFN‐γ levels, and raised levels of IgG and IgG2a antibodies. Treatment with anti‐IL‐10 antibodies resulted in suppressed IgG1 and IgM responses and a more rapid healing of abscesses than in non‐IL‐10–depleted mice. These results suggest that IL‐10 depletion in Pg‐LPS–induced immune response in mice may lead to a Th1‐like immune response and provide strong protection against a subsequent challenge with live P. gingivalis in an abscess model. J Periodontol 2001;72:1527‐1534.
Treatment of Periodontitis by Local Administration of Minocycline Microspheres: A Controlled Trial
Authors: Williams Ray C. , Paquette David W. , Offenbacher Steven , Adams Donald F. , Armitage Gary C. , Bray Kim , Caton Jack , Cochran David L. , Drisko Connie H. , Fiorellini Joseph P. , Giannobile William V. , Grossi Sara , Guerrero Denise M. , Johnson Georgia K , Lamster Ira B. , Magnusson Ingvar , Oringer Richard J. , Persson G. Rutger , Van Dyke Thomas E. , Wolff Larry F , Santucci Edward A. , Rodda Bruce E. , Lessem Jan 
Published: February 2005

Background: Periodontitis is an inflammatory condition of toothsupporting tissues that is usually treated by mechanical removal of plaque and microorganisms that adhere to teeth. This treatment, known as scaling and root planing, is not optimally effective. Adjunctive therapy with locally delivered antimicrobials has resulted in improved clinical outcomes such as probing depth reduction. This article reports on the efficacy and safety of locally administered microencapsulated minocycline.Methods: Seven hundred forty‐eight (748) patients with moderate to advanced periodontitis were enrolled in a multi‐center trial and randomized to 1 of 3 treatment arms: 1) scaling and root planing (SRP) alone; 2) SRP plus vehicle; or 3) SRP plus minocycline microspheres. The primary outcome measure was probing depth reduction at 9 months. Clinical assessments were performed at baseline and 1, 3, 6, and 9 months.Results: Minocycline microspheres plus scaling and root planing provided substantially more probing depth reduction than either SRP alone or SRP plus vehicle. The difference reached statistical significance after the first month and was maintained throughout the trial. The improved outcome was observed to be independent of patients’ smoking status, age, gender, or baseline disease level. There was no difference in the incidence of adverse effects among treatment groups.Conclusions: Scaling and root planing plus minocycline microspheres is more effective than scaling and root planing alone in reducing probing depths in periodontitis patients. J Periodontol 2001;72:1535‐1544.