bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative characteristics of phagocytic organs
Authors: Kabisch William T. , De Bruyn Peter P. H. , Pabuwal Satya N. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractOrgan and tissue phagocytosis of intravenously injected cobaltic oxide was studied quantitatively over a wide range of dose levels by means of radioassay of Co260O3 in rats.There is a single linear relationship between the amount of particulate administered and the amount recovered from liver, spleen, and lung combined. The same is true for the uptake by the liver alone. However, the spleen and lung each has two linear relationships. For the spleen the two different linear trends are related to the dose administered, while for the lung the determining parameter is the weight and (or) age of the animal. Notwithstanding these different linear trends, the uptake by spleen and lung is interdependent.Although the liver is the main phagocytic organ, per unit weight the phagocytic uptake of the spleen exceeds that of the liver at amounts of cobaltic oxide larger than 40 mg. The reverse is true for amounts less than or equal to 40 mg. The phagocytic uptake by other components of the RES was not sufficient for reliable quantitative estimation.
The fine structure of secretory ameloblasts in rat incisors
Authors: Warshawsky H. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe fine structure of the ameloblasts which secrete the inner enamel matrix in rat incisors was described using light and electron microscopy. The tissue was fixed by perfusion with 2.5% glutaraldehyde and gently decalcified in isotonic EDTA.The ameloblasts are tall cells forming a simple columnar epithelium. The base is adjacent to the stratum intermedium and the apex (Tomes' process) extends into newly‐formed enamel. The infranuclear zone is divided by the basal cell web into a small basal bulge adjacent to the stratum intermedium, and a larger compartment containing most of the cell's mitochondria. The supranuclear zone contains the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. The rough endoplasmic reticulum predominates in the proximal and distal regions of this zone where it occupies most of the cell width. In the intermediate region, the rough endoplasmic reticulum surrounds a central tubule‐shaped Golgi apparatus, the tubule wall being made up of flattened saccules. The Golgi region of ameloblasts is associated with coated vesicles, two types of granules (light and dark) which may be lysosomes, and a characteristic dense content granule shown to be the enamel precursor (0.16 μ diameter).The supranuclear zone is separated from Tomes' process by the apical cell web. Tomes' process is devoid of endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi material, but contains numerous dense content granules as well as microtubules and coated vesicles. The amorphous dense content granules are the precursors of the highly orientated fibrous enamel matrix. The proximity of the process to the fibrous enamel suggests that it is involved in orientation of these fibrils. Since bundles of fibrils constitute rods, the process would seem also to be involved in enamel rod orientation.
Comparative anatomical and neurohistological observations on the tongue of the northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus)
Authors: Kubota Kinziro 
Published: February 2005

AbstractFive fetal and ten adult fur seal tongue were investigated. The number and shape of the vallate papillae vary from one to five on the different tongues. They are intermediate between the fungiform and circumvallate papillae in their neurohistological features. There are a few taste buds on the upper surface without a trench. They are supplied by large basal nerve plexuses with many argyrophilic and argyrophobic multipolar nerve cells and by abundant mixed glands with widely dilated ducts opening directly on the dorsal surface. The tongues lack foliate papillae. Fungiform papillae are scanty on the dorsum, and they have a nerve supply but no taste buds in the upper surface. Between the musculature three types of sensory nerve terminations are found: One, a nerve bundle consisting of inner longitudinal and outer circular fibers, two, a ramified complex termination and three a knob ending. The latter two are probably receptors of the internal depth‐sense in the tongue. Apical mixed glands are present.
Fine structure of midline epithelium in the developing palate of the mouse
Authors: Smiley Gary R. , Dixon Andrew D. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe midline seam of epithelium in the developing secondary palate of C57BL mice was examined with the electron microscope. Fetal heads in which the palatal shelves had fused throughout their length were fixed in paraformaldehyde prior to microdissection of the midline palatal tissue which was post‐fixed in osmium tetroxide. The midline epithelial seam was two to four cells thick in the center, while at the nasal and oral ends of the seam the cells increased in number to form a triangular area. The epithelial cells most closely resembled those of the stratum germinativum of the oral mucosa, except for the absence of hemidesmosomes. The epithelial sheet was delineated on both sides by what appeared to be a typical basal lamina which was interrupted in some locations, with and without epithelial degeneration. Epithelial break‐down and fibroblastic migration across the midline was observed during a later stage in palatal development. A striking feature of the midline epithelium was the presence of different morphological types of relatively large electron dense granules. The role of the basal lamina, epithelial microvilli and electron dense granules is discussed.
Some observations on the cerebral arterial circles of mink (Mustela vison)
Authors: Brown James Oliver 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWith the exception of a brief allusion to an unidentified species of Mustela with regard to cerebral vascular studies by de Vriese ('05), major information concerning the circle of Willis in mink was nonexistent until the present investigation. Brains of mink in which the cerebral arterial circles were injected with latex and subsequently hardened in formalin, revealed the primary cerebral arterial anastomosis to be ring‐like in form; all of the component vessels were patent and well formed, none was attenuated or string‐like.Some of the more prominent findings included: (1) a predominance of asymmetric divergence of the posterior communicating arteries separating from the bifurcating basilar artery; (2) the presence of a posterior intercommunicating artery in all of the specimens; (3) the occasional doubling of the superior cerebellar and the posterior cerebral arteries; (4) deeply placed internal cerebral loops forming secondary arterial anastomoses between some penetrating vessels in the caudal region of the circle; other loops interconnected other penetrating vessels in the rostral region of the circle; (5) blood channels forming an intercarotid anastomosis traversed the pia mater; (6) the presence of a penetrating artery adjunctive to the recurrent artery of Heubner; (7) anastomoses between the internal and the external ophthalmic arteries, and between the internal and the external olfactory arteries forming collateral channels of communication between the intracranial and the extracranial circulations; (8) the occasional presence of an anterior communicating artery supplementing the commonly occurring azygos anterior cerebral artery which continued as a single vessel throughout its extent; (9) unjoined anterior cerebral arteries in one animal which was exceptional.
Ultrastructure of the ventral horn cell in the albino rat
Authors: Rapoport Alan , Stempak Jerome 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe ventral horn cell of the lumbar cord of the albino rat was examined with the electron microscope. The tissue was fixed with osmium tetroxide or a formalinosmium tetroxide sequence, dehydrated and embedded in Epon 812.The nuclear envelope contains numerous pores which are spanned by diaphragms. Nuclear indentations or crypts are seen often, and are considered normal structures.Mitochondria with various arrangements of cristae are described. These include tubular cristae, simple dilated cristae, dilated cristae enclosing vesicles, and sacs which partially contain double membrane limited bodies.The Golgi apparatus is scattered throughout the cytoplasm. The apparatus is seen near the nucleus more frequently than peripherally. Single membrane limited bodies such as multivesicular bodies and electron dense bodies are described.Granular endoplasmic reticulum exists as orderly stacks and as haphazardly scattered cisterns. Serial sections demonstrate that the haphazardly scattered cisterns are extensively interconnected.
Distribution of ACTH in the hypophysis of necturus
Authors: Aplington H. W. , Vernikos‐Danellis Joan 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe winter Necturus hypophysis both whole and selectively divided was extracted in N/10 HCl (0.25 ml per gland or gland portion). Extracts were diluted with normal saline (1:100 and 1:400) and injected 2 ml/100 gm body weight) into groups of 10 or 12 male, hydrocortisone‐blocked assay rats (method of Hodges and Vernikos ('60). Groups of control hydrocortisone‐blocked male rats received corresponding volumes of a standard ACTH solution. ACTH content of extracts was appraised by measuring the adrenal ascorbic acid depletion induced as compared with control depletions. A 2 + 2 assay design was employed; results and their fiducial limits (P = 0.95) calculated.The ACTH content of the anterior zone of pars buccalis is that of the entire hypophysis. No ACTH was detected in gland portions consisting of the basophilic bed and transitional zone of pars buccalis plus the neural lobe of pars neuralis. ACTH occurs throughout the anterior zone but is more abundant in its caudal two‐thirds both in milliunits (mU) per milliliter of extract and mU/mg of pituitary tissue. This distribution of corticotrophic activity is coincident with the distribution of anterior zone acidophile cells.Regional and cellular sources of ACTH in mammals and amphibia are discussed.
Demonstration of mast cells in the postnatal mouse ovary
Authors: Skalko Richard G. , Ruby John R. , Dyer Robert F. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractCytologically demonstrable mast cells are present within the ovaries of neonatal mice from two strains (ICR, Ttf/t12). They show a preferential distribution, being observed in the hilum primarily in addition to the ovarian mesentery, bursa and ovary proper. They are most evident in the newborn (0 day) animal and show an apparent decrease during the first postnatal week.
Collagenous growth induced by lambda carrageenan in the rabbit cornea
Authors: Garg Bhagwan Dass , McCandless Esther L. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractCharacteristic collagenous lesions developed in rabbit corneas following intracorneal injection of the algal polysaccharide, lambda carrageenan. No reaction occurred in saline injected control corneas. Carrageenan administration brought about an increase in mucopolysaccharides from the third to the eleventh day, followed by synthesis of collagen which reached a maximum between 19 and 28 days. Infiltration of leucocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts, cells foreign to the cornea, occurred in that order and before development of a corneal blood supply. The beginnings of vascularization occurred regularly about the fifth day after carrageenan administration, and reached a maximum at 19 and 28 days for peripheral and interstitial vessels, respectively. The vascularization produced in this manner was uniform in its initiation and development. The corneal lesion was found to be in large part reversible, but its regression was accompanied by degeneration of pre‐existing collagen fibers of the stromal matrix and left a scar in the corneal surface.
The structure of tendon organs in the cat: A proposed mechanism for responding to muscle tension
Authors: Bridgman Charles F. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBy reconstructing tendon organs in detail from serial cross sections, a prediction is made on how these sensors might affect their nerve endings during changes in tension at musculotendinous junctions. Tendon organs are composed of specialized encapsulated fascicles of dense collagen which are offshoots from the primary tendon of origin or insertion of a muscle. Fascicles project into the muscle mass on their way to becoming attached to a bundle of extrafusal muscle fibers. The main spur of dense collagen rapidly divides into fine bundles with septa between. Within this encapsulated region, branches of the entering sensory nerve intertwine among the fine bundles of collagen fibers via the septa. Towards the muscle end of the tendon organ, these fine bundles reorganize again into heavy, dense bundles before insertion of extrafusal muscle fibers.The hypothesis is presented that the spaces between collagen bundles in a relaxed tendon organ might spread open reducing pressure upon nerve endings lying between; during tension, these bundles would straighten and crowd together, leading to compression of nerve endings. Variable compression of nerve endings would excite electrochemical events in sensory axons; thus, tension information would be coded and transmitted to the central nervous system. The arrangement of a tendon organ in series with muscle fibers would imply that the organ sampled tension primarily of that group of extrafusal muscle fibers attaching to the organ.
Development of order during ciliogenesis
Authors: Frisch Donald , Farbman Albert I. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThis report consists of an electron microscope study of developing cilia in nasal epithelium of 15–18 day mouse embryos. As soon as recognizable cilia were observed, the typical 9 + 2 pattern of ciliary microtubule pairs was present. However, at this stage the intracellular spatial alignment of adjacent cilia, reflected in the adult by directionally oriented central microtubules, was not observed. In the same stage, differentiated basal feet were randomly arranged on adjacent basal bodies within the same cell. The significance of these findings lies in the observation that the structures differentiate at random prior to and independent of the forces that orient them in a coordinated spatial and temporal relationship.
Microangiographic and histologic studies of vascular anatomy of the femur and tibia distal to femoral and iliac arteriovenous fistulas in dogs
Authors: Kelly Patrick J. , Janes Joseph M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe anatomy of intra‐osseous vessels of bones distal to a femoral or an iliac arteriovenous fistula was studied by histologic and microangiographic methods. The venous and sinusoidal vessels were dilated and heavily filled with contrast medium from 3 to 60 weeks after construction of the fistula. The nutrient artery and its branches are smaller in caliber in bones distal to the fistula at three weeks but appeared to return to approximately normal size later in the experimental period. The anatomic findings appear to provide an important link in a hypothesis to explain the increase in total bone seen distal to an arteriovenous fistula.
Hepatic alterations following experimental tetracycline toxicity in rats
Authors: Zussman William V. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractToxic doses of tetracycline were injected intravenously in adult female rats to study the morphologic and cytochemical alterations produced in the liver. Fifty percent of the animals treated died within 48 hours; those surviving were sacrificed at 3, 7, 10 or 14 days later. Histologic sections of the livers from all animals were studied utilizing a specific fluorescence technique to determine tetracycline uptake and storage, and with histochemical procedures for alkaline phosphatase and succinic dehydrogenase activity.Varying degrees of degeneration were observed in the livers of animals dying acutely. Basophilic lamellated bodies at seven days and focal venous thromboses at 14 days were noted in the surviving animals. Tetracycline fluorescence was visualized initially within bile canaliculi and random hepatic cells, and later within dilated interstitial spaces as well as in the basophilic bodies. By 14 days residual fluorescence was limited to the parenchyma adjacent to thrombosed central veins. Succinic dehydrogenase activity was diminished within areas of tetracycline accumulation and minimally increased where the cytologic damage was greatest. Alkaline phosphatase activity present about the central veins and in areas of tetracycline‐induced fluorescence reflected parenchymal distortion.
The differential effect of hydrocortisone on the short‐lived small lymphocyte
Authors: Esteban Jose N. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAs previously reported, small lymphocytes of the rat comprise two populations of cells with respect to circulating life span, designated as long‐ and short‐lived. By the appropriate injection schedules of H3‐thymidine and by varying the postinjection interval, it is possible to essentially confine the label to one or the other of the populations. Thus two groups of animals were administered H3‐thymidine so that in one group only long‐lived small lymphocytes were labeled and in the other, short‐lived lymphocytes were labeled. The animals were then injected intraperitoneally with 4 mg doses of hydrocortisone at four‐hour intervals. Controls were administered saline. At intervals after receiving from 1 to 12 hydrocortisone injections, the animals were sacrificed and radioautographs were prepared of the thymus, thoracic duct lymph, mesenteric lymph node, bone marrow and spleen. These are tissues known to show significant differences with respect to the percentage distribution of long‐ and short‐lived lymphocytes.The results from analyzing the percentages of labeled small lymphocytes present in the respective tissues of the two groups are believed to be conclusive in showing that short‐lived small lymphocytes are more susceptible to the destructive effects of hydrocortisone than are the long‐lived lymphocytes.
Comparative peritoneal cellular content as related to species and sex
Authors: Davis Robert H. , McGowan Larry 
Published: February 2005

AbstractCytologic fluid specimens were obtained by aspiration from the abdominal peritoneal cavities of young adult male and female mice, hamsters, guinea pigs, gerbils and rats. Two hundred cells were randomly counted and grouped as mesothelial cells, lymphocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, histiocytes, mast cells, bare nuclei, monocytes and daisy cells. In all mammals studied, regardless of sex, mesothelial cells were the predominate cells in abdominal serous fluid. Relatively high distributions of mast cells were observed in rats and hamsters. Bare nuclei without cytoplasm were found in all animals except male mice. Special attention was given to the daisy cell which occurred in rat peritoneal fluid. It is concluded that species and sex difference markedly influence the cytologic content of abdominal peritoneal fluid.
Histoenzymology of the developing human spinal cord
Authors: Duckett Serge , Pearse A. G. E. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIn the human fetal spinal cord, enzymatic activity is demonstrated in neurons of the anterior horn a few weeks before it appears in neurons of the posterior horn. This enzymatic activity is present first in the lumbar segment of the spinal cord and with advancing time gradually ascends cephalad. The presence of acetyl‐cholinesterase activity in neuronal cytoplasm in the lumbar segment of the spinal cord coincides with the earliest detectable movement in the lower limbs.
Effect of age on alkaline phosphomonoesterase activity in the adrenals of male mice
Authors: Samorajski T. , Rolsten Carolyn 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThis investigation was undertaken to examine the effects of aging on alkaline phosphomonoesterase (Alk Pase) activity in the adrenals of a highly inbred strain of C57BL/10 male mice. A total of 140 male mice were assigned to seven main groups and sacrificed at 1, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 months of age for biochemical and morphologic evaluations of adrenal Alk Pase activity. The biochemical findings indicated that while aging may result in a decrease of serum and liver Alk Pase activity, enzyme activity in the adrenals of male mice increases to a maximum level at approximately eight months of age and subsequently decreases at each successive age level. The histochemical findings revealed that the highest concentrations of enzyme activity occurred in the fascicular and reticular zones of sexually mature male mice. There were no major variations in zonal distribution with advancing age. Electron microscopy showed Alk Pase activity along membranes of cortical cells and within the subendothelial space.The progressive increase in Alk Pase enzyme activity up to eight months of age, and the subsequent fall in activity during senescence as well as its absence in the adrenals of female mice provides further support for a role of androgen in mobilizing cortical alkaline phosphomonoesterase activity.
Deciduomal response of the golden hamster uterus
Authors: Harper M. J. K. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe deciduomal response to uterine trauma in pesudopregnant hamsters has been studied. Trauma was effected in one uterine horn by leaving a sterile silk thread in the lumen, pulling a thread through the lumen, injecting oil or air into the lumen or crushing the horn with a hemostat. At autopsy the traumatized and untraumatized horns were weighed separately and examined histologically for a deciduomal reaction. The day of greatest uterine sensitivity was found to be day 4 of pseudopregnancy, and maximal deciduomal growth (mean uterine weight ± S.E. = 2582 ± 279 mg) occurred by day 8. No significant further increase in uterine weight was seen by day 9, and by day 10 separation of the deciduoma from the myometrium had begun. Leaving a thread in the uterine lumen produced a significantly greater uterine weight by day 8 than with any other stimulus, but good deciduomal responses (uterine weights of 1679 ± 245, 1255 ± 156 and 1192 ± 219 mg) were induced by oil injection, pulling a thead through the uterus and crushing the uterus respectively. A poor reponse was produced by air injection. At no particular time during day 4 of pseudopregnancy was it possible to demonstrate a peak of uterine sensitivity using as a traumatic stimulus either oil injection or pulling a thread through the lumen. In this respect hamsters differ from both rats and mice, which have well defined peaks of maximal uterine sensitivity.
Cholesterol changes in developing testicular interstitial cells of the mouse: Histochemical and biochemical study
Authors: Ichihara Ichiro 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIn combination with biochemical determination of cholesterol in testes, cholesterol was studied histochemically in the testicular interstitial cells of dd strain mice from 5 to 63 days.Cholesterol is found in interstitial cells at five days and cholesterol positive interstitial cells increase significantly from 7% at 5 days to 47% at 21 days (17% at 7 days, 21% at 10 days and 31% at 14 days) and thereafter gradually to 58% at 63 days (50% at 28 days, 54% at 35 days, 56% at 42 days, 58% at 49 days and 57% at 56 days).The cholesterol concentration of testes (μg of cholesterol per mg testicular weight) remains at low values before 42 days (1.33 at 5 days, 2.12 at 7 days, 1.89 at 10 days, 2.18 at 14 days, 2.16 at 21 days, 1.63 at 28 days and 2.09 at 35 days) but it increases rapidly at days 42–49 (2.21 at 42 days and 5.16 at 49 days) and then it is almost unchanged (5.47 at 56 days and 5.18 at 63 days).From these results it is suggested that (1) at five days testicular steroid could be elaborated and (2) the capacity of interstitial cells to produce testicular steroid elevates actively from 42 to 49 days.