bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rehabilitation in the intensive care unit: How amount of physical and occupational therapy affects patients' function and hospital length of stay
Authors: Jenkins Anna S. , Isha Shahin , Hanson Abby J. , Kunze Katie L. , Johnson Patrick W. , Sura Lydia , Cornelius Patrick J. , Hightower Jenna , Heise Katherine J. , Davis Olivia , Satashia Parthkumar H. , Hasan Mohammed Mustafa , Esterov Dmitry , Worsowicz Gregory M. , Sanghavi Devang K. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatients in the intensive care unit (ICU) often experience extended periods of immobility. Following hospital discharge, many face impaired mobility and never return to their baseline function. Although the benefits of physical and occupational rehabilitation are well established in non‐ICU patients, a paucity of work describes effective practices to alleviate ICU‐related declines in mobility.ObjectiveTo assess how rehabilitation with physical and occupational therapy (PT‐OT) during ICU stays affects patients' mobility, self‐care, and length of hospital stay.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingInpatient ICU.ParticipantsA total of 6628 adult patients who received physical rehabilitation across multiple sites (Arizona, Florida, Minnesota, and Wisconsin) of a single institution between January 2018 and December 2021.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresDescriptive statistics, linear regression models, and gradient boosting machine methods were used to determine the relationship between the amount of PT‐OT received and outcomes of hospital length of stay (LOS), Activity Measure for Post‐Acute Care Daily Activity and Basic Mobility scores.ResultsThe 6628 patients who met inclusion criteria received an average (median) of 23 (range: 1‐89) minutes of PT‐OT per day. Regression analyses showed each additional 10 minutes of PT‐OT per day was associated with a 1.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.41–1.66, p < .001) higher final Basic Mobility score, a 1.8% (95% CI: 1.30%–2.34%, p < .001) higher final Daily Activity score, and a 1.2‐day (95% CI: −1.28 to −1.09, p < .001) lower hospital LOS. One‐dimensional partial dependence plots revealed an exponential decrease in predicted LOS as minutes of PT‐OT received increased.ConclusionHigher rehabilitation minutes provided to patients in the ICU may reduce the LOS and improve patients' functional outcomes at discharge. The benefits of rehabilitation increased with increasing amounts of time of therapy received.
Improvement for the mechanical performance of boroxine‐based self‐healing polyurethane by quadruple hydrogen bonds
Authors: Ren Longfang , Zhang Chen , Lin Congcong , Qiang Taotao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe self‐prepared boroxine‐based polyurethane has excellent self‐healing property, but its mechanical strength is poor, so a functional monomer 5‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐6‐methyl‐2‐aminouracil containing UPy motif (HMA) as non‐covalent dynamic reversible bond was introduced into the polyurethane matrix to prepare HMA reinforced boroxine‐based self‐healing polyurethane (HmBPU). The results showed that when the dosage of HMA was 4 mmoL, the tensile strength of H4BPU film was the best which increased to 3.64 MPa from 2.05 MPa, while the self‐healing efficiency increased to 70.81% from 60.06%, which indicated that the introduction of HMA had positive effect to the self‐healing and mechanical strength. In addition, the recovery efficiency and mechanical strength of H4BPU still reached to 89.29% and 3.25 MPa after three cycles, which indicated that H4BPU had good recycling performance. Compared with H0BPU, the water contact angle of H4BPU increased by 16°, which indicated that the water resistance of H4BPU was improved. Atomic force microscope (AFM) images showed that the degree of microphase separation of H4BPU was reduced. It is beneficial for the mixed version of double dynamic reversible covalent bonds and non‐covalent bonds to improve the strength of self‐healing polyurethane. Meantime, it provides a reference for the balance of the mechanical strength and self‐healing performance.
Clinical and genetic risk factors for cystic fibrosis‐related liver disease in Egyptian CF children: A single‐center experience
Authors: El‐Faramawy Amel , Nasr Samya Z. , Emam Mohamed M. S. Al , Fahmy Heba M. H. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundCystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease. It affects multiple organ systems, including the liver, leading to CF‐related liver disease (CFLD). It was noted that CFLD in Egyptian children with CF is more common than in non‐Egyptian people with CF (pwCF). This study aimed to determine the incidence of CFLD and the potential risk factors for developing CFLD in Egyptian children. The correlation between CFLD and the various genotypes prevalent in Egyptian CF children will be discussed. In addition, comparison of CFLD in Egyptian and non‐Egyptian CF patients will be presented.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 50 pwCF from Ain Sham University's Pediatric Pulmonology Clinic in Children's Hospital, Cairo, Egypt. The sweat chloride test and genetic studies were done at the time of diagnosis. Additionally, all subjects underwent detailed history taking, laboratory investigations, clinical assessment, and pelvic abdominal ultrasound for evaluation of hepatic involvement.ResultsOne‐third of the Egyptian children with CF were found to have liver disease. The following independent risk factors for developing CFLD were identified as: male sex, severe genetic mutation (class I and II), long duration of CF disease, early onset of the CF, pancreatic insufficiency, as well as history of meconium ileus. In addition, diabetes mellitus and severe lung disease were proven to significantly increase the risk of developing CFLD.ConclusionCFLD is common in Egyptian pwCF. CFLD's risk factors are similar to other reported research from other countries in the region.
Synthesis and Pharmacological Properties of the Benzimidazole Scaffold: A Patent Review
Authors: Mehra Anuradha , Sangwan Rekha 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBenzimidazole derivatives were first discovered in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, marking a significant milestone in the field of chemistry. These compounds have since played a pivotal role in pharmacology, demonstrating a wide array of pharmacological properties that have had a profound impact on medicine and healthcare. The significance of benzimidazole derivatives in pharmacology is undeniable. These compounds have been extensively studied and developed for their diverse and valuable properties. They exhibit potent anticancer activity, with some derivatives displaying the ability to hinder the growth of cancer cells, offering hope in the fight against this disease. Furthermore, benzimidazole derivatives have been involved in the management of cardiovascular conditions as antihypertensive agents, aiding in the control of high blood pressure. Their potential as antidiabetic agents, by influencing glucose metabolism and insulin secretion, holds promise in diabetes treatment. The recent patent literature has focused on structural modifications to the benzimidazole core to expand the arsenal of effective drugs. This review takes a disease‐centric perspective on patented benzimidazoles from 2016 to 2023. The relevant granted patent applications were located using patent databases, USPTO, Google Patents, EPO, WIPO, Lens and Espacenet.
Simple and Scalable Green Approach for Synthesizing Hierarchically Porous Hexagonal Shaped 3D Carbon Structure for Sodium‐ion Storage
Authors: Ramakrishnan Aswini , Swaminathan Sindhu , Mayandi Jeyanthinath 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBoth scientific and technological circles are gaining interest in the sustainable and scalable conversion of biomass waste into electrical energy storage systems. Three‐dimensional hierarchical hexagonal porous carbon was synthesized from Ailanthus Triphysa sawdust for the first time. A two‐step carbonization process results in etching of the carbon structure caused by ZnCl2 activation and tailoring pores over the carbon structure caused by gasification. The ZnCl2 acts as an activating agent, a template and a facilitator of the activation process, and its concentration regulates the porosity as well as specific surface area of the carbon nanostructures. There are two distinct types of pores in the prepared carbon i. e.mesopores and micropores. The highest specific surface area of 1757.80 m2/g was obtained when the ratio of ZnCl2 is four times higher than that of the sample. The resulting carbon is used as an electrode in an electrochemical supercapacitor which gives a specific capacitance of 92.24 F/g at 5 mV/s and a cyclic stability of 3000 with a retention of 98 %. The highly porous activated carbon exhibits excellent electrochemical storage properties in an aqueous neutral electrolyte of 0.1 M Na2SO4. A redox‐enhanced electrolyte like 0.1 M Na2SO4 with 0.03 M KI combination improvise the specific capacitance and cyclic stability. The specific capacitance of the redox‐enhanced electrolyte combination increases to 104 F/g at 5 mV/s and cyclic stability of 50000 with a retention of 95 % during continuous charge‐discharge cycles. This work brings forth a simple and green approach to transforming biomass waste into a scalable and economic high‐performance supercapacitor.
Anticancer Activities of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Guava Leaf extract.
Authors: Son Nguyen Ngoc , Thanh Vu Minh , Huong Nguyen Thi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this study, we report on the green synthesis, characterization, and anticancer activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) prepared using extracts of guava leaves. The ZnO NPs were successfully synthesized using a simple and eco‐friendly method. Then, the synthesized NPs were characterized using various techniques including Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The results confirmed the formation of ZnO NPs with an average size of approximately 20 nm, along with a spherical morphology and well‐defined boundaries. The anticancer activity of the synthesized NPs was evaluated against different cancer cell lines, including A549 (lung cancer), HeLa (cervical cancer), and MCF7 (breast cancer), as well as normal human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells. The analysis showed that the ZnO NPs exhibited significant anticancer activity, especially against the MCF7 and HeLa cancer cell lines, along with relatively low toxicity toward HDF cells. These findings highlight the potential of ZnO NPs synthesized using guava leaf extract as promising candidates for biomedical applications, particularly in cancer therapy.
Advances in Graphene‐Reinforced Polyurethane Nanocomposites: An Advanced Shape Memory Material
Authors: Pathak Rakshit , Punetha Vinay Deep , Bhatt Shalini , Punetha Mayank 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe expansion of nanofiller‐based polymers has been rapidly increasing in contemporary society due to their wide range of applications owing to their diverse physicochemical characteristics. This review focuses on a polymer nanocomposite in which graphene is incorporated as a nanofiller and polyurethane is used as a polymer. As polyurethane is well known for its shape memory behaviour and the reinforcement of graphene‐based nanomaterial sparks the physicochemical properties of the fabricated nanocomposites which makes it more adaptable and useful for a wide array of applications. The review provides insights into the recent synthesis approaches to the fabrication of graphene‐based polyurethane nanocomposites. Further, efforts were also made to cover the recent studies done on the use of these nanocomposites as an advanced shape memory material. Rather than merely serving as descriptive content, this article is intended to serve as a comprehensive guide for researchers seeking to harness the potential of graphene‐based nanomaterial reinforcement in polyurethane for high‐performance applications. By providing a detailed overview of the latest research in this domain, the review aims to propel the development of novel and sophisticated materials, unlocking new horizons in smart shape memory technologies.
Molecular And Solid‐State Structure Of Oxovanadium(IV) Etioporphyrin‐III
Authors: Pakhomov Georgy L. , Koptyaev Andrey I. , Yunin Pavel A. , Somov Nikolay V. , Semeikin Alexander S. , Rychikhina Ekaterina D. , Stuzhin Pavel A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOxovanadium(IV) etioporphyrin‐III, VO‐EtioP‐III is an important member of the petroporphyrin family. It can be isolated from crude oil or synthesized de novo from the dipyrromethene precursors, the latter being the approach we used in our research. The molecular structure of VO‐EtioP‐III was for the first time characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Both terminal alkyls and the axial oxygen atom protrude in the same direction relative to the molecular plane, while rear side of the molecule remains almost flat. This results in a peculiar centrosymmetric packing (space group P21/c, monoclinic system with four molecules per unit cell), in which back‐to‐back oriented molecules form the parallel‐plane dimers. The powder X‐ray diffraction data indicate that the VO‐EtioP‐III films deposited by vacuum evaporation retain a very strong texture, with all molecules standing vertically on the substrate surface. The absorption spectra of films differ from the solution spectra by a large redshift of the Soret‐ and Q‐ band (~30 nm) with hypo‐ and hyperchromic effects, respectively. The former band strongly broadens due to multiple splitting to within 350–520 nm, which is followed by a change of the color from purple (in diluted solutions) to brawn (in films or crystals).
Exploring Structural and Spectroscopic Properties of Secondary Amide Derivatives Bearing Bulky and Hydrophilic Substituents
Authors: Nossa González Diana L. , Gómez Castaño Jovanny A. , Franca Carlos A. , Echeverria Gustavo A. , Piro Oscar E. , Erben Mauricio F. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe synthesis of four novel amide compounds (R1C(O)NHR2) is reported, which contain both bulky (R1=phenyl and adamantyl) and hydrophilic (R2=hydroxyl, methoxyl) groups. The incorporation of such substituents provides compounds with unique properties that combine steric hindrance and hydrophilicity. The synthesized amides were fully characterized by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and analysed using infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy to investigate their vibrational properties in the solid phase, specifically focusing on the amide‐type normal modes of vibrations. Furthermore, the crystal structures of three derivatives were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, which provided insights into their molecular arrangements. The occurrence of N−H⋅⋅⋅O=C hydrogen bonding intermolecular interaction is clearly observed and characterized by Hirschfeld surface analysis. Topology analysis using the Quantum Theory of Atom in Molecules and Crystals (QTAIM−C) were employed to investigate the electronic properties of the isolated amide molecules and to analyse the intermolecular interactions within the crystalline structure. The periodic calculations for the crystal revealed a higher electronic density in the C−N bond, indicating an increased covalent character in this bond compared with the C=O bond. This observation indicates the presence of resonance‐assisted hydrogen bonds within the amide core, leading to π electronic delocalization.
Prepared MW‐Immunosensitizers Precisely Release NO to Downregulate HIF‐1α Expression and Enhance Immunogenic Cell Death
Authors: Guo Wenna , Chen Zengzhen , Wu Qiong , Tan Longfei , Ren Xiangling , Fu Changhui , Cao Feng , Gu Deen , Meng Xianwei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMicrowave thermotherapy (MWTT) has limited its application in the clinic due to its high rate of metastasis and recurrence after treatment. Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous molecule that can address the high metastasis and recurrence rates after MWTT by increasing thermal sensitivity, down‐regulating the expression of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 (HIF‐1), and inducing the immunogenic cell death (ICD). Therefore, GaMOF‐Arg is designed, a gallium‐based organic skeleton material derivative loaded with L‐arginine (L‐Arg), and coupled the mitochondria‐targeting drug of triphenylphosphine (TPP) on its surface to obtain GaMOF‐Arg‐TPP (GAT) MW‐immunosensitizers. When GAT MW‐immunosensitizers are introduced into mice through the tail vein, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated and L‐Arg is released under MW action. Then, L‐Arg reacts with ROS to generate NO, which not only downregulates HIF‐1 expression to improve tumor hypoxia exacerbated by MW, but also enhances immune responses by augment calreticulin (CRT) exposure, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) release, and T‐cell proliferation to achieve prevention of tumor metastasis and recurrence. In addition, NO can induce mitochondria damage to increase their sensitivity to MWTT. This study provides a unique insight into the use of metal‐organic framework MW‐immunosensitizers to enhance tumor therapy and offers a new way to treat cancer efficiently.
Vacancy‐Mediated Control of Local Electronic Structure for High‐Efficiency Electrocatalytic Conversion of N2 to NH3
Authors: Guo Heng , Yang Peng , Yang Yuantao , Wu Haoran , Zhang Fengying , Huang Zhen‐Feng , Yang Guidong , Zhou Ying 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAmbient electrocatalytic nitrogen (N2) reduction has gained significant recognition as a potential substitute for producing ammonia (NH3). However, N2 adsorption and *NN protonation for N2 activation reaction with the competing hydrogen evolution reaction remain a daunting challenge. Herein, a defect‐rich TiO2 nanosheet electrocatalyst with PdCu alloy nanoparticles (PdCu/TiO2−x) is designed to elucidate the reactivity and selectivity trends of N2 cleavage path for N2‐to‐NH3 catalytic conversion. The introduction of oxygen vacancy (OV) not only acts as active sites but also effectively promotes the electron transfer from Pd‐Cu sites to high‐concentration Ti3+ sites, and thus lends to the N2 activation via electron donation of PdCu. OVs‐mediated control effectively lowers the reaction barrier of *N2H and *H adsorption and facilitates the first hydrogenation process of N2 activation. Consequently, PdCu/TiO2−x catalyst attains a high rate of NH3 evolution, reaching 5.0 mmol gcat.−1 h−1. This work paves a pathway of defect‐engineering metal‐supported electrocatalysts for high‐efficient ammonia electrosynthesis.
Conclusion
Authors: Rieker Pernille , Giske Mathilde T. E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis book has provided an alternative analysis of the state of European foreign and security policy, based on a broader understanding of key terms: European integration, strategic autonomy and security. We wanted to show how the meaning of European strategic autonomy changes when a broader understanding of these concepts is applied. The analysis has illustrated how a better understanding of the interlinkage between the various formal and informal and internal and external initiatives that are occurring simultaneously gives us a more accurate picture of the status of European strategic autonomy. Chapter 2 provided an overview of the relevant academic literature and showed why existing IR theories are not sufficient to capture and explain the multi-actorness of the broader European foreign and security policy. We then demonstrated why the existing literature of multi-level governance and DI also applies a narrow understanding of EU integration and security, and that we need to include both formal and informal, as well as internal (EU) and external (non-EU) processes in order to fully capture European strategic autonomy. To fill these gaps, we presented an alternative conceptual framework, which we then applied to analyse Europe’s role as a foreign policy actor (Chapter 3), its role in regional defence integration (Chapter 4), and its role as a builder of regional security (Chapter 5). The analysis in these three empirical chapters has enabled us to better capture the dynamics of today’s increasingly complex European integration process, characterised by opt-outs and opt-ins, formal and informal processes, enhanced cooperation, and various forms of governance led by actors at different levels and with different types of relations to the EU. In this chapter, we will present some concluding reflections.
Plant Blindness Intensity Throughout the School and University Years: A Cross-Age Study
Authors: Amprazis Alexandros , Papadopoulou Penelope 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPlant blindness refers to the human tendency to ignore and underestimate plants, especially compared to animals. Assessing the intensity of plant blindness throughout school and university years can provide valuable clues for the design of educational intervention programs that will reverse this limited interest in plants. The aim of this study is to assess the intensity of plant blindness amongst the Greek student population, to highlight possible correlations between the phenomenon’s core elements through a network analysis and to examine how these correlations alter as students move from primary school to university. 1275 Greek students participated in our study. Their attitudes towards plants were assessed using five-point Likert-type scale items. By examining the levels of schooling individually, certain conclusions were drawn regarding the grade during which the problem is more intense. In particular, the phenomenon seems to be present in all grades, but it seems to be more intense during the high school years. Furthermore, important alterations have been recorded in the phenomenon’s core elements’ network analysis in each grade. Our findings support the general idea of a greater preference for animals than plants and enhance the concern about the reduced emphasis on plant life in educational systems worldwide.
Mapping Adolescents’ Nutritional Knowledge
Authors: Georgiou Martha , Moshogianni Matina 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA healthy diet starting in the early years of life is essential for the development of physical and mental wellbeing. As has been shown by research conducted internationally, students’ knowledge about nutrition is correlated with their eating habits. The present study aims to investigate Greek adolescent students’ knowledge of nutrition concepts. Specifically, because of the lack of similar research about Greek adolescents, we sought a first mapping of trends so that in the future we could design appropriately oriented teaching interventions. The survey was conducted through a questionnaire, and involved 269 students aged 15–16 years from schools across Athens. The results showed that while the students’ knowledge of some aspects of nutrition seems to be quite good, knowledge of other aspects is extremely poor. Furthermore, even when relatively proficient about nutrition, some participants ignored that knowledge in their daily lives. According to the students, the main sources of information on nutrition issues are their parents and the internet, followed by school. These findings indicate a need to focus on designing coherent educational proposals on nutrition concepts, which are not only important for their own sake, but also for the sake of long-term health.