bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure induced by irradiation of femtosecond laser pulse in dyed polymeric materials
Authors: Katayama Shigeru , Horiike Mika , Hirao Kazuyuki , Tsutsumi Naoto 
Published: November 2002

AbstractWe investigated the structures induced by an irradiation of a near‐infrared (NIR) femtosecond laser pulse in dye‐doped polymeric materials {poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), thermoplastic epoxy resin (Epoxy), and a block copolymer of methyl methacrylate and ethyl acrylate‐butyl acrylate [p(MMA/EA‐BA) block copolymer]}. Dyes used were classified into two types—type 1 with absorption at 400 nm and type 2 with no absorption at 400 nm. The 400‐nm wavelength corresponds to the two‐photon absorption region by the irradiated NIR laser pulse at 800 nm. Type 1 dye‐doped PMMA and p(MMA/EA‐BA) block copolymer showed a peculiar dye additive effect for the structures induced by the line irradiation of a NIR femtosecond laser pulse. On the contrary, dye‐doped Epoxy did not exhibit a dye additive effect. The different results among PMMA, p(MMA/EA‐BA) block copolymer, and Epoxy matrix polymers are supposed to be related to the difference of electron‐acceptor properties. The mechanism of this type 1 dye‐additive‐effect phenomenon for PMMA and p(MMA/EA‐BA) block copolymer is discussed on the basis of two‐photon absorption of type 1 dye at 400 nm by the irradiation of a femtosecond laser pulse with 800 nm wavelength and the dissipation of the absorbed energy to the polymer matrix among various transition processes. Dyes with a low‐fluorescence quantum yield favored the formation of thicker grating structures. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 40: 2800–2806, 2002
Sexual violence against women. The role of gynecology and obstetrics societies in Brazil
Authors: Faúndes A , Andalft J 
Published: November 2002

AbstractSexual violence is highly prevalent although barely visible in most countries. While its prevention is a task of the whole society, the care of the women who suffer sexual violence, from immediate assistance to treatment of its consequences, is a responsibility of obstetricians–gynecologists. One of the most severe consequences of rape is unwanted pregnancy, which frequently ends in abortion. Currently, even in countries where abortion following rape is accepted by the law, raped women do not have access to legal abortion. The role of obstetricians–gynecologists in solving this problem is described, giving as an example the work of the Brazilian Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Societies (FEBRASGO). After 5 years of work of a special FEBRASGO Committee, services for the comprehensive care of women victims of sexual violence exist in all mayor cities in Brazil and are rapidly expanding.
The American College of Nurse–Midwives Domestic Violence Education Project (DVEP)
Authors: Bohn D.K , Paluzzi P , Vivio D 
Published: November 2002

AbstractObjective: The American College of Nurse–Midwives implemented a 4‐year Domestic Violence Education Project (DVEP) with the goal of educating all midwives in the USA to respond appropriately to abuse experienced by the women they serve. Method: A four‐pronged set of objectives was used that included policy, basic preservice education, continuing education and activism/advocacy. Result: The success of this project is the sustainable impact on education of student midwives and a continued commitment to this issue. Conclusion: The full impact of the DVEP on practicing midwives may not be measurable for some time.
Endoscopy in hyperemesis gravidarum and Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Bagis T. , Gumurdulu Y. , Kayaselcuk F. , Yilmaz E.S. , Killicadag E. , Tarim E. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractObjectives: To establish a relationship between hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) and Helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori) infection by histologic testing. Methods: Twenty patients with severe HG (Group I) and 10 volunteer pregnant women without gastric complaints (Group II) were included in the study. Endoscopic evaluations were done in both groups and biopsies were obtained from the antrum and corpus for the histopathologic diagnosis of H. pylori. The groups were compared with the χ2‐test and Fisher's exact test where appropriate. Results: H. pylori was diagnosed in 19 (95%) of 20 patients in Group I and 5 (50%) of 10 patients in group II. H. pylori densities in the antrum and corpus were higher in Group I and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant. The biopsy specimens revealed significant inflammation and H. pylori activation processes in patients with HG, and in 18 of 19 patients inflammation scores were greater than +2 on the scale. Pangastritis was demonstrated by endoscopic examination in 17 of 20 patients with HG. Enterogastric reflux was also diagnosed in 10 patients. In the control group, three patients had antral gastritis. Conclusions: We suggest that in patients with intractable nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, pangastritis and enterogastric reflux are the main endoscopic findings and that these findings are closely associated with H. pylori infection, which can be diagnosed histologically. The degree of gastric complaints may be associated with the density of H. pylori infection.
Biochemical markers for the prediction of spontaneous pre‐term birth
Authors: Paternoster D.M. , Stella A. , Gerace P. , Manganelli F. , Plebani M. , Snijders D. , Nicolini U. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this study was to identify predictive biochemical markers for preterm labor. Methods: In this prospective study we included 225 asymptomatic Caucasian women consecutively enrolled at 24 weeks of gestation. The following data were collected only once at 24 weeks of gestation: vaginal pH, vaginal fFN, cervical and serum concentration of IL‐6, IL‐8 and TNFα, maternal blood serum, ferritin. Student's t‐test, the χ2‐test and multiple linear regression were used as statistical methods. Results: There were no differences between the age of patients, parity and gestational age at sampling between women who delivered at term and those who delivered pre‐term (<37 weeks’ gestation). There was a significant increase of cervical IL‐6 (pre‐term 608±1595 pg/l vs. at term 58.9±112 pg/l) and serum ferritin (pre‐term μg/l 74.4±1.1 vs. at term 26.3±56.5 μg/l) in pregnant women who delivered pre‐term (P<0.05). No differences in cervical IL‐8 and cervical TNFα between pre‐term and term deliveries were found. Multiple linear regression confirmed that the vaginal pH value and cervical fFN test were the best predictive biochemical markers of pre‐term birth (standardized coefficient Beta=0.33 and 0.22, respectively). Conclusions: In order to evaluate pregnancies for pre‐term labor, the presence of pH>4.5 and a positive fFN test seems to be predictive of subsequent pre‐term delivery.
MR imaging of benign and malignant lesions in the buccal space.
Authors: Kurabayashi T , Ida M , Tetsumura A , Ohbayashi N , Yasumoto M , Sasaki T 
Published: November 2002

OBJECTIVES To evaluate MRI characteristics of buccal space lesions and to discuss the sensitivity of MRI in predicting malignancy of those lesions. METHODS Thirty patients with malignant (n=7) or benign (n=23) lesions originating in the buccal space were reviewed retrospectively. MR images were assessed for the margins, internal architecture, signal intensity of lesions and their relation to the surrounding structures. RESULTS Two cases of soft tissue sarcoma were shown as ill-defined masses with infiltration into adjacent muscles and bone. On the other hand, all tumors of minor salivary gland origin, whether malignant (n=4) or benign (n=2), were well-defined and confined within the buccal fat pad without infiltration into surrounding structures. All haemangiomas (n=9) had very high T2-weighted signal intensity. Three out of them contained signal voids on all sequences thought to represent phleboliths, a finding strongly suggestive of the diagnosis. Inflammatory lesions were characterized by the presence of edema in the surrounding fat. When ill-defined margins, infiltration into muscles and bone destruction were used as the criteria for the malignancy, only two out of seven malignant tumors were correctly diagnosed (sensitivity 29%). CONCLUSIONS Although MR imaging was useful in demonstrating the extent of buccal space lesions, its diagnostic value in predicting malignancy was very limited. It was especially true for malignant tumors of minor salivary gland origin, which were typically seen as well-defined masses without infiltration into surrounding structures on MRI.
Panoramic-based mandibular indices in relation to mandibular bone mineral density and skeletal status assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and quantitative ultrasound.
Authors: Drozdzowska B , Pluskiewicz W , Tarnawska B 
Published: November 2002

OBJECTIVES The panoramic-based indices (Mandibular Cortical Index-MCI, the height of mandibular inferior cortex-IC (mm), Panoramic Mandibular Index-PMI, Mandibular Ratio-MR) were used to evaluate their diagnostic efficacy and to determine whether they correlate with bone mineral density (BMD (g/cm(2))) of the mandible and hip, and with ultrasound parameters of the calcaneus and hand phalanges in postmenopausal, edentulous women. METHODS Basing on MCI women were divided into three subgroups differed in the appearance of the mandibular cortex (C1 n=6, C2 n=16, C3 n=8). BMD of the hip (neck-BMD, Ward's-BMD, trochanteric BMD) and mandible (m-BMD) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Calcaneus using Achilles (Speed of Sound-SOS (m/s), Broadband Ultrasound Attenuation-BUA [dB/MHz], Stiffness Index-SI [%]) and hand phalanges (amplitude dependent speed of sound-Ad-SoS (m/s)) using DBM Sonic 1200 were assessed by Quantitative Ultrasound (QUS). RESULTS There were no significant differences between subgroups in parameters measured except for significant differences in m-BMD (P<0.01). Only m-BMD correlated significantly with DXA (r=0.43-0.45, P<0.05) and QUS (r=0.36-0.55, P<0.05) measurements excluding correlations with calcaneal SOS and trochanteric BMD. The ability of the mandibular variables to discriminate between normal and osteopenic/osteoporotic cases was assessed by calculating: specificity (ranging from 31 to 81%), sensitivity (ranging from 21 to 93%), negative and positive predictive values (ranging from 47 to 83% and 40 to 79%, respectively). CONCLUSION MCI is a simple three-graded classification of changes in the cortex but is not able to distinguish normal and osteopenic/osteoporotic postmenopausal edentulous women. The efficacy of the panoramic-based mandibular indices in diagnosing osteopenia/osteoporosis is low to moderate.
Patterns of intra-osseous transmigration and ectopic eruption of mandibular canines: review of literature and report of nine additional cases.
Authors: Mupparapu M 
Published: November 2002

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to (1). investigate the patterns of transmigration and eruption of permanent mandibular canines, plus the mechanisms affecting the eruption path, (2). classify the transmigration paths. MATERIAL AND METHODS :A retrospective radiographic study using full mouth (FMX) and panoramic radiographs of dental radiology patients between July 1996 and July 2000. Transmigrated canines were identified from the radiographic records of 2150 new patients. The literature was reviewed regarding the individual patterns of canine transmigration and their final position within the mandible. A pattern classification was developed using literature data and the additional nine cases reported here. RESULTS In the present study, mandibular canines were found transmigrated on nine occasions and, in a further six cases, found impacted without transmigration. Out of the nine cases, seven were female (ages 17-38) and two were male (ages 20 and 69). One female patient had a bilateral transmigration of the mandibular canines. A total of 127 transmigrated canines were reported in 50 published studies from the literature. Transmigrated canines appear to fall into five patterns (Type 1-5) depending on their path of deviation. Type 1 was most common (45.6%) followed by Type 2 (20%), Type 4(17%), Type 3(14%) and Type 5 (1.5%). CONCLUSIONS Patterns of mandibular canine transmigration can be classified into five distinct patterns. The majority of cases demonstrated Type 1 transmigratory pattern. No clear aetiology of this disorder could be found.
Continuous Measurement of Macronutrient Ions in the Transpiration Stream of Intact Plants Using the Meadow Spittlebug Coupled with Ion Chromatography
Authors: Malone Michael , Herron Michelle , Morales M.-Angeles 
Published: November 2002

Abstract
A method is described for continuous, nondestructive analysis of xylem-borne mineral nutrients in intact transpiring plants. The method uses the xylem-feeding insect the meadow spittlebug (Philaenus spumarius L. [Homoptera: Cercopidae]). This insect will feed from a wide range of plant species and organs. Insect excreta can be collected at all times of the day and night, and its mineral ion content can be analyzed rapidly, and without purification, by ion chromatography. The excreta will have a mineral content virtually identical to that of xylem sap. Cages suitable for containing the insects and collecting excreta from any desired location on plants in both laboratory and greenhouse are described. Even in the greenhouse, evaporation had only a minor effect on the sample ion content. Example results are presented which illustrate dynamics, over several days, in the xylem concentrations of sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), NH4 +, magnesium (Mg2+), calcium (Ca2+), chloride (Cl−), NO3 −, PO4 3−, and SO4 2−. These data were collected from young plants growing in pots of compost in the laboratory and from fully mature pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv Bellboy) plants growing in hydroponics (rockwool) in the greenhouse. This method should facilitate studies of macronutrient uptake and transport in a range of plants and environments.
Mechanisms of Arsenic Hyperaccumulation in Pteris vittata. Uptake Kinetics, Interactions with Phosphate, and Arsenic Speciation
Authors: Wang Junru , Zhao Fang-Jie , Meharg Andrew A. , Raab Andrea , Feldmann Joerg , McGrath Steve P. 
Published: November 2002

Abstract
The mechanisms of arsenic (As) hyperaccumulation inPteris vittata, the first identified As hyperaccumulator, are unknown. We investigated the interactions of arsenate and phosphate on the uptake and distribution of As and phosphorus (P), and As speciation in P. vittata. In an 18-d hydroponic experiment with varying concentrations of arsenate and phosphate, P. vittata accumulated As in the fronds up to 27,000 mg As kg−1 dry weight, and the frond As to root As concentration ratio varied between 1.3 and 6.7. Increasing phosphate supply decreased As uptake markedly, with the effect being greater on root As concentration than on shoot As concentration. Increasing arsenate supply decreased the P concentration in the roots, but not in the fronds. Presence of phosphate in the uptake solution decreased arsenate influx markedly, whereas P starvation for 8 d increased the maximum net influx by 2.5-fold. The rate of arsenite uptake was 10% of that for arsenate in the absence of phosphate. Neither P starvation nor the presence of phosphate affected arsenite uptake. Within 8 h, 50% to 78% of the As taken up was distributed to the fronds, with a higher translocation efficiency for arsenite than for arsenate. In fronds, 49% to 94% of the As was extracted with a phosphate buffer (pH 5.6). Speciation analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy showed that &gt;85% of the extracted As was in the form of arsenite, and the remaining mostly as arsenate. We conclude that arsenate is taken up by P. vittata via the phosphate transporters, reduced to arsenite, and sequestered in the fronds primarily as As(III).
A Novel Nucleus-Targeted Protein Is Expressed in Barley Leaves during Senescence and Pathogen Infection
Authors: Krupinska Karin , Haussühl Kirsten , Schäfer Anke , van der Kooij Tom A.W. , Leckband Gunhild , Lörz Horst , Falk Jon 
Published: November 2002

Abstract
The barley (Hordeum vulgare) cDNA HvS40 represents a gene with enhanced mRNA level during leaf senescence. Biolistic transformation of onion (Allium cepa) epidermal cell layers with a glucuronidase fusion protein construct provided evidence that the 15.4-kD protein encoded by HvS40 is localized to the nucleus. Expression of the gene is induced by jasmonate and salicylic acid; both are known to act as signaling compounds during senescence and defense toward pathogens. Transcript levels of HvS40 were observed to be particularly high in leaf sectors that undergo necrosis and chlorosis after infection withPyrenophora teres. This pathogen-related expression is, in contrast, clearly reduced in transgenic barley plants expressing a stilbene synthase from grape (Vitis vinifera), whereas the mRNA level of a gene encoding the pathogen-related protein HvPR1 is unaffected. In situ hybridization with HvS40 antisense RNA revealed that during leaf senescence, the HvS40 transcript predominantly accumulates in the mesophyll. Taken together, the findings suggest a connection between the nuclear protein encoded by HvS40 and the degeneration of chloroplasts occurring during senescence and during infection of barley wild-type plants with P. teres.
Expression of α-Expansin and Expansin-Like Genes in Deepwater Rice
Authors: Lee Yi , Kende Hans 
Published: November 2002

Abstract
Previously, we have studied the expression and regulation of four α- and 14 β-expansin genes in deepwater rice (Oryza sativa). We now report on the structure, expression, and regulation of 22 additional α-expansin (Os-EXP) genes, four expansin-like (Os-EXPL) genes, and one expansin-related (Os-EXPR) gene, which have recently been identified in the expressed sequence tag and genomic databases of rice. α-Expansins are characterized by a series of conserved Cys residues in the N-terminal half of the protein, a histidine-phenylalanine-aspartate (HFD) motif in the central region, and a series of tryptophan residues near the carboxyl terminus. Of the 22 additional α-expansin genes, five are expressed in internodes and leaves, three in coleoptiles, and nine in roots, with high transcript levels in the growing regions of these organs. Transcripts of five α-expansin genes were found in roots only. Expression of five α-expansin genes was induced in the internode by treatment with gibberellin (GA) and by wounding. The wound response resulted from excising stem sections or from piercing pinholes into the stem of intact plants. EXPL proteins lack the HFD motif and have two additional Cys residues in their C- and N-terminal regions. The positions of conserved tryptophan residues at the C-terminal region are different from those of α- and β-expansins. Expression of theOs-EXPL3 gene is correlated with elongation and slightly induced by applied GA. However, the expression of theOs-EXPL1 and Os-EXPL2 genes showed limited correlation with cell elongation and was not induced by GA. We found no expression of the Os-EXPR1 gene in the organs examined.
The Procambium Specification Gene Oshox1 Promotes Polar Auxin Transport Capacity and Reduces Its Sensitivity toward Inhibition
Authors: Scarpella Enrico , Boot Kees J.M. , Rueb Saskia , Meijer Annemarie H. 
Published: November 2002

Abstract
The auxin-inducible homeobox gene Oshox1 of rice (Oryza sativa) is a positive regulator of procambial cell fate commitment, and its overexpression reduces the sensitivity of polar auxin transport (PAT) to the PAT inhibitor 1-N-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA). Here, we show that wild-type rice leaves formed under conditions of PAT inhibition display vein hypertrophy, reduced distance between longitudinal veins, and increased distance between transverse veins, providing experimental evidence for a role of PAT in vascular patterning in a monocot species. Furthermore, we show that Oshox1 overexpression confers insensitivity to these PAT inhibitor-induced vascular-patterning defects. Finally, we show that in the absence of any overt phenotypical change, Oshox1 overexpression specifically reduces the affinity of the NPA-binding protein toward NPA and enhances PAT and its sensitivity toward auxin. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that Oshox1 promotes fate commitment of procambial cells by increasing their auxin conductivity properties and stabilizing this state against modulations of PAT by an endogenous NPA-like molecule.
The influence of affective statements on performance on implicit and explicit memory tasks
Authors: Butler Laurie T. , Berry Dianne C. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractConsumers are often exposed to brand names presented concurrently with information such as brand claims and warnings, prior to making product choices. As implicit memory has been implicated in the consumer choice process, two experiments were conducted to assess the influence of additional information, namely simple positive and negative statements, on implicit and explicit memory tasks. In Experiment 1, the mere presence of additional statements at study significantly reduced performance on a two‐alternatives forced recognition task. However, the same manipulation had no effect on implicit preference judgement task performance. The valence of the accompanying information had no effect on either task. In Experiment 2, using modified implicit and explicit choice tasks, performance on the former was unaffected by statement valence, whereas the latter task was. Hence, positive priming was obtained for brand names previously shown with negative information. The results of the experiments are discussed in relation to both implicit memory and consumer choice. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing body and eating peer‐focused comparisons: the dieting peer competitiveness (DPC) scale
Authors: Huon Gail F. , Piira Tiina , Hayne Angela , Strong Kathryn G. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractPurpose:This paper describes the development and the psychometric properties of a new measure designed to assess dieting‐related competitiveness among adolescent girls.Method:Three samples of girls completed the DPC and several other scales. Data analyses examined scale content and structure, and reliability and validity of the DPC.Results:The Dieting Peer Competitiveness (DPC) scale has a coherent and easily interpretable 2‐factor structure. The measure has good reliability (internal consistency, test–retest, and split‐half) and validity (convergent, divergent, and discriminant). In addition, with increasing commitment to dieting, competitiveness scores significantly increased.Conclusions:The new 2‐Factor Dieting Peer Competitiveness (DPC) scale assesses the degree to which an individual compares her appearance, and what she eats (or avoids) with that of her friends. DPC scores are useful for distinguishing between serious and non‐serious dieters. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.