bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drivers of teenage pregnancy among school dropouts during the COVID-19 school closure in Wakiso District, Uganda, 2020–2021
Authors: Tayebwa Rogers , Auma Irene , Nsubuga Edirisa Juniour , Komakech Allan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Teenage pregnancy remains a major problem in Uganda. During 2020–2021, many schools were closed to control the spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), which might have led to teenage pregnancies. We assessed drivers of teenage pregnancies among school dropouts during the COVID-19 school closure in Wakiso District, Uganda.
Methods
We conducted a phenomenological qualitative study during September–December 2022 using in-depth interviews among teenage school dropouts aged 13–19 years who became pregnant during the COVID-19 school closure (2020–2021). We also conducted key informant interviews with key leaders in the district. Questions focused on socio-demographic, behavioral, and health services drivers to teenage pregnancy. Data were analyzed using content analysis, and themes/sub-themes were generated.
Results
We interviewed 15 teenage girls and seven key informants. Mean age of the teenage girls was 15.6 ± 2.6 years. Three themes (socio-economic drivers, behavioral drivers, and health services drivers) and eight sub-themes emerged as drivers of teenage pregnancy for this population. The two sub-themes under socio-economic drivers included lost family income and living in risky neighborhoods. Under the behavioral drivers, we identified increased peer influence, indulgence in alcohol, and lack of recreational activities as our sub-themes. For the health services drivers, three sub-themes that could have led to teenage pregnancy included inaccessibility to sexual and reproductive health services, poor attitude of health workers, and shortage of health workers.
Conclusion
The findings of this study underscore the multifaceted nature of drivers of teenage pregnancy as a result of COVID-19 school closures. We recommend comprehensive appropriate counseling for teenagers during future situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Scientific Article Writing Mentoring for the English Subject Teacher Association in Palangka Raya
Authors: Erliana Santi , Pratika Dellis , Sulistiyana Levika Egita 
Published: November 2023

This community service aimed to address the professional development needs of teachers to enhance their career prospects. Teachers must compile portfolios to accumulate credit points for career advancement, thus necessitating their proficiency as teacher-writers. Hence, this sustainable community service sought to assist English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers in secondary high schools throughout Palangka Raya in comprehending the fundamentals of scientific writing, producing scientific articles, conducting research, and drafting research reports. The Participatory Action Research (PAR) methodology, which focuses on community empowerment, was employed for this endeavor. The activities were carried out over 12 workshop sessions involving 30 EFL teachers from the English Subject Teachers Association (MGMP) for junior and senior high schools in Palangka Raya. Before and after the workshops, KWL worksheets and WhatsApp Group discussions were utilized to facilitate the teachers' learning process. The results demonstrated that: (1) mentoring activities were executed effectively, with 80% of the planned materials successfully delivered to the participants; (2) participants expressed a positive perception of the activities, including satisfaction, relevance to their needs, comprehension, and overall significance.
Numerical study of submerged hydraulic jumps over triangular macroroughnesses
Authors: Kumar Jayant Harshit , Jhamnani Bharat 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

The hydraulic jump is a phenomenon that occurs in open channels. In past studies, hydraulic jumps over smooth and macrorough beds have been investigated to enhance energy dissipation, but triangular macroroughness, specifically the right-angled triangular macroroughness, has not been dealt with. The objective of this article is to numerically investigate submerged hydraulic jumps over right angle and isosceles triangular macrorough beds. To achieve this, a numerical model based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been utilized. Numerically obtained jump characteristics such as submerged depth ratio, tailwater depth ratio, longitudinal velocity profile, flow pattern in the cavity region, and energy dissipation have been presented in detail. In particular, initial Froude number reduction in both tailwater and submerged depth ratios as well as an increase in the energy dissipation of submerged hydraulic jumps have been noticed on isosceles triangular macroroughness with different arrangements, as compared to smooth beds. The present numerical model has been validated with the experimental model, and the mean error between the two for submerged depth and tailwater depth ratios was found to be below 6%. This confirms the adequacy of the present CFD model in predicting relevant submerged hydraulic jump characteristics over macrorough beds.
Spatiotemporal variability of vegetation response to meteorological drought on the Korean Peninsula
Authors: Jung Haeun , Won Jeongeun , Kang Shinuk , Kim Sangdan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

To assess vegetation drought, it is important to understand the relationship between climate and vegetation and to accurately measure the response of vegetation activity to meteorological drought. In this study, we used the vegetation health index (VHI) to investigate the propagation time and time-lag of vegetation response to different meteorological drought indices, including the standardized precipitation index (SPI), evaporative demand drought index (EDDI), standardized precipitation–evapotranspiration index (SPEI), and copula-based joint drought index (CJDI). Using correlation analyses of meteorological drought indices with different time-scales and time-lags and VHIs with different weights, we determined which meteorological drought indices and their corresponding time-scales and time-lags best represent the effects of meteorological drought on vegetation activity on the Korean Peninsula. We also evaluated the relative roles of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and land surface temperature (LST) in quantifying vegetation response to meteorological drought. The meteorological drought index for monitoring vegetation response to meteorological drought on the Korean Peninsula was best applied using EDDI in January–May and SPEI in June–December. Vegetation health was dominated by LST in January–September, with a higher impact of NDVI in November–December. We expect these results to provide useful information for vegetation drought monitoring.
Inflow and infiltration assessment of a prototype sanitary sewer network in a coastal city in China
Authors: Ye Licheng , Qian Yu , Zhu David Z. , Huang Biao 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

A 16-month monitoring program was conducted on a prototype sanitary system in a coastal city in China. The groundwater infiltration (GWI) on dry weather days and the rain-derived inflow and infiltration (RDII) on wet weather days were quantified and analyzed. The proportion of monthly averaged GWI to total flow can be as high as 70% during the observation period mainly due to the high groundwater level. The results also show that the ratio of RDII volume to total rainfall volume (defined as R-value) reaches a limited value of approximately 10% for the studied system when the total rainfall depth increases. A reference indicator Rlim for the limited R-value was proposed for assessing the conditions of sewer systems in terms of RDII. The Rlim value depends on local sewer conditions and in general, a lower Rlim value represents a better performance on RDII and vice versa. This study enriches the case studies on the performance of a specific sanitary sewer system on inflow and infiltration in a typical coastal city with exceptionally high groundwater levels, excess rainfall events in the monitoring season and possible typhoon events, which addresses the unique locational and hydrological properties of a representative coastal city.
Structure and Function of the SARS-CoV-2 6-HB Fusion Core and Peptide-Based Fusion Inhibitors: A Review
Authors: Liang Guodong , Li Yue , Li Ruijuan , Ma Yuheng , Na Heiya 
Published: November 2023

Abstract:
SARS-CoV-2 has swept the world in recent years, triggering a global
COVID-19 with a tremendous impact on human health and public safety. Similar to
other coronaviruses, the six-helix bundle(6-HB) is not only a core structure driving the
fusion of the SARS-CoV-2 envelope with the host cell membrane, but also the target of
fusion inhibitors. The sequences from the HR1 or HR2 regions composing 6-HB are
thus the original primary structures for the development of peptide-based fusion inhibitors.
This review summarized the structure-activity relationship of the SARS-CoV-2 6-
HB, analyzed the design methods and functional characteristics of peptide-based fusion
inhibitors that contain different regions of HRs, and provided an outlook on the cutting-
edge approaches for optimal modification of lead compounds (pan-coronavirization,
chemical modification, superhelical construction, etc). We hope that this review will provide
researchers with a comprehensive understanding of the state-of-art research
progress on both 6-HB and peptide-based fusion inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2, and provide
some new insights for the development of antiviral drugs.
Potential Targets and Mechanisms of Bitter Almond-Licorice for COVID-19
Treatment Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking
Authors: Hong Qiwei , Shang Xinyue , Wu Yanan , Nie Zhenlin , He Bangshun 
Published: November 2023

Background::
The outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in millions of
infections and raised global attention. Bitter almonds and licorice are both Traditional Chinese Medicines
(TCM), often used in combination to treat lung diseases. Several prescriptions in the guidelines for the diagnosis
and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (trial version ninth) contained bitter almond-licorice, which was
effective in the treatment of COVID-19. However, the active ingredients, drug targets and therapeutic mechanisms
of bitter almonds-licorice for the treatment of COVID-19 remain to be elucidated.

Methods::
The active ingredients and targets were derived from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems
Pharmacology (TCMSP). Meanwhile, targets associated with COVID-19 were obtained from the GeneCards
database, PharmGkb database and DrugBank database. Then, the potential targets of bitter almond-licorice
against COVID-19 were screened out. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks and core targets were analyzed
through the String database and Cytoscape software. In addition, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia
of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed based on potential targets
using R statistical software. Finally, molecular docking was used to validate the binding of the active ingredients
to the core targets.

Results::
The results of the TCMSP database showed that the bitter almond-licorice had 89 active components
against COVID-19, involving 102 targets. PPI network and core target analysis indicated that IL-6, TNF,
MAPK1, and IL1B were the key targets against COVID-19. In addition, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis
showed that the bitter almond-licorice were involved in various biological processes through inflammation-related
pathways such as TNF signaling pathway and IL-17 signaling pathway. Finally, molecular docking approaches
confirmed the affinity between the active components of the bitter almond-licorice and the therapeutic
targets.

Conclusion::
The bitter almond-licorice could be used to treat COVID-19 by inhibiting inflammatory responses
and regulating cellular stress. This work is based on data mining and molecular docking, and the findings
need to be interpreted with caution.
A Study and Analysis of Disease Identification using Genomic Sequence Processing Models: An Empirical Review
Authors: Ahuja Sony K. , Shrimankar Deepti D. , Durge Aditi R. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract:Human gene sequences are considered a primary source of comprehensive information about different body conditions. A wide variety of diseases including cancer, heart issues, brain issues, genetic issues, etc. can be pre-empted via efficient analysis of genomic sequences. Researchers have proposed different configurations of machine learning models for processing genomic sequences, and each of these models varies in terms of their performance & applicability characteristics. Models that use bioinspired optimizations are generally slower, but have superior incrementalperformance, while models that use one-shot learning achieve higher instantaneous accuracy but cannot be scaled for larger disease-sets. Due to such variations, it is difficult for genomic system designers to identify optimum models for their application-specific & performance-specific use cases. To overcome this issue, a detailed survey of different genomic processing models in terms of their functional nuances, application-specific advantages, deployment-specific limitations, and contextual future scopes is discussed in this text. Based on this discussion, researchers will be able to identify optimal models for their functional use cases. This text also compares the reviewed models in terms of their quantitative parameter sets, which include, the accuracy of classification, delay needed to classify large-length sequences, precision levels, scalability levels, and deployment cost, which will assist readers in selecting deployment-specific models for their contextual clinical scenarios. This text also evaluates a novel Genome Processing Efficiency Rank (GPER) for each of these models, which will allow readers to identify models with higher performance and low overheads under real-time scenarios.
Deciphering the Role of Pyroptosis Impact on Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Patil Poonam , Doshi Gaurav 
Published: November 2023

Abstract:
Pyroptosis has become a noteworthy area of focus in recent years due to its association
with inflammatory diseases. Pyroptosis is a type of programmed cell death accompanied by an inflammatory
response, and the discovery of the gasdermin family has expanded the study of pyroptosis.
The primary characteristics of pyroptosis include cell expansion, membrane penetration, and
the ejection of cell contents. In healthy physiology, pyroptosis is an essential part of the host's defence
against pathogen infection. Excessive Pyroptosis, however, can lead to unchecked and persistent
inflammatory responses, including the emergence of inflammatory diseases. More precisely,
gasdermin family members have a role in the creation of membrane holes during pyroptosis,
which leads to cell lysis. It is also related to how pro-inflammatory intracellular substances, including
IL-1, IL-18, and High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), are used. Two different signalling pathways,
one of which is regulated by caspase-1 and the other by caspase-4/5/11, are the primary
causes of pyroptosis. Cardiovascular diseases are often associated with cell death and acute or
chronic inflammation, making this area of research particularly relevant. In this review, we first
systematically summarize recent findings related to Pyroptosis, exploring its characteristics and
the signalling pathway mechanisms, as well as various treatment strategies based on its modulation
that has emerged from the studies. Some of these strategies are currently undergoing clinical
trials. Additionally, the article elaborates on the scientific evidence indicating the role of Pyroptosis
in various cardiovascular diseases. As a whole, this should shed insight into future paths and
present innovative ideas for employing Pyroptosis as a strong disease-fighting weapon.
Prediction and Validation of Proline-containing Tripeptides with Angiotensin I-converting Enzyme Inhibitory Activity Using Machine Learning Models
Authors: Hatakenaka Toshiya , Fujimoto Yuki , Okamoto Kouji , Kato Tamaki 
Published: November 2023

Background:
Numerous inhibitory peptides against angiotensin I-converting enzyme, a
target for hypertension treatment, have been found in previous studies. Recently, machine learning
screening has been employed to predict unidentified inhibitory peptides using a database of known
inhibitory peptides and descriptor data from docking simulations.

Objective:
The aim of this study is to focus on angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory tripeptides
containing proline, to predict novel inhibitory peptides using the machine learning algorithm PyCaret
based on their IC50 and descriptors from docking simulations, and to validate the screening method
by machine learning by comparing the results with in vitro inhibitory activity studies.

Methods:
IC50 of known inhibitory peptides were collected from an online database, and descriptor
data were summarized by docking simulations. Candidate inhibitory peptides were predicted from
these data using the PyCaret. Candidate tripeptides were synthesized by solid-phase synthesis and
their inhibitory activity was measured in vitro.

Results:
Seven novel tripeptides were found from the peptides predicted to have high inhibitory activity by machine learning, and these peptides were synthesized and evaluated for inhibitory activity
in vitro. As a result, the proline-containing tripeptide MPA showed high inhibitory activity, with an
IC50 value of 8.6 µM.

Conclusion:
In this study, we identified a proline-containing tripeptide with high ACE inhibitory
activity among the candidates predicted by machine learning. This finding indicates that the method
of predicting by machine learning is promising for future inhibitory peptide screening efforts.
Isolation, Molecular Characterization, and Determination of Antibiotic Resistance
Patterns of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Regional Yogurt Samples
and their Probiotic Properties
Authors: Nahar Nazneen , Mahmud Shahin , Bin Islam Md. Shaid , Islam Safaiatul , Talukder Ashraf Hossain , Ali Talukder Kaisar , Mohiuddin A. K. M. 
Published: November 2023

Objectives::
This investigation aims to isolate the Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) from yogurt
samples from the Tangail district of Bangladesh and evaluate their probiotic properties.

Methods::
A rigorous study was carried out from April to August, 2019. A total of 10 samples
were examined by following the standard bacteriological methods. Besides the biochemical and
antibiogram tests, molecular characterization of the isolated bacteria was carried out.

Results::
Ten isolates were confirmed as LAB, and they exhibited excellent probiotic properties.
They were able to survive in both acidic (pH 2) and alkaline (pH 8) conditions. They also survived
against phenol (0.1-0.4%) and NaCl (1-10%) after 24 h incubation. Most of the isolates harboured
plasmid DNA and showed good resistance patterns against the antibiotics used. During the
mating experiment, no X-conjugants were found.

Conclusion::
In conclusion, the mating experiment suggested that the acquired resistant genes
might be chromosome mediated, and isolates showed good probiotic properties that confer health
benefits.
Surgical and Orthodontic Management of Multiple Supernumerary Teeth Associated with Impacted Permanent Teeth: A Case Report
Authors: Alshammari Abdulrahman K. , Madfa Ahmed A. 
Published: November 2023

Background:
Clinical problems are frequently detected when there are various irregularities in the number, structure, quantity, size, and eruption of the teeth. Supernumerary teeth can be found in almost any part of the dental arch, and because they are typically asymptomatic, they are frequently found by radiographic screening.

Case report:
The existence of the supernumerary teeth is the most frequent reason for impacted permanent teeth. This article describes the surgical and orthodontic treatment of a 20-year-old female with many supernumerary teeth and an impacted permanent tooth. All supernumerary teeth in the maxillary arch were extracted as part of the patient's treatment, and then the maxillary teeth were aligned using fixed appliances. The mandibular arch is left untreated, as the surgical removal of mandibular supernumerary teeth could damage the inferior alveolar nerve and result in numbness in the lower lip.

Conclusion:

In this case, we removed the extra teeth and used orthodontic traction to bring the remaining teeth into the proper position. After the procedure, the cosmetic outcome was greatly improved, and the patient's confidence increased.
Transalveolar Sinus Lift and Implant Site Preparation using Motorized Threaded Bone Expanders: A 2-year Retrospective Study
Authors: Albash Ziad , Khalil Ali 
Published: November 2023

Background and Objectives:
The pneumatization of the maxillary sinus presents serious challenges to the dentist, and the management of such cases is essential for the rehabilitation of the posterior maxilla.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of using motorized threaded bone expanders in transalveolar sinus lift procedures.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective study was conducted on patients presented to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Tishreen University who had transalveolar sinus lift using motorized threaded bone expanders with simultaneous dental implant placement between January, 2020, and August, 2022. The patients were followed up regularly for six months until loading. Statistical analyses were performed to assess intrasinus bone gain, marginal bone loss, implant diameter, and insertion torque. The correlation coefficient was used to measure the relationship between marginal bone loss and insertion torque value.

Results:
Three membrane perforations were observed in 34 procedures (8.82%). The survival rate for all implants was 100%. The main insertion torque was 32.58 N.cm. The mean intrasinus bone gain was 1.69 ± 0.44 mm. The mean marginal bone loss was 0.27 mm. The difference between IBH and bone height after 6 months showed a statistically significant difference. No correlation was found between marginal bone loss and insertion torque value.

Conclusion:
According to the results of this study, transalveolar sinus lift using motorized bone expanders showed effective lifting of the sinus floor with minimum marginal bone loss, thus presenting a good solution for pneumatization of the maxillary sinus to achieve a successful rate for implant placement.