bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subordinated Bonds and the Fulfilment of Their Obligations in the Event of State Aid
Authors: Kārkliņš Jānis , Zeņķis Pauls 
Published: October 2023

A bond is a debt security, under which its issuer undertakes to repay to the bondholder the principal of the bond and the interest (the coupon) at a specified point in time, which is to be considered as the redemption of bonds. Bonds have several types: bonds issued by the public sector, bonds issued by capital companies, publicly available bonds, private bonds, convertible bonds, contingent convertible (CoCo) bonds, exchangeable bonds, exchange bonds, callable bonds, subordinated bonds, etc. In economic circulation, subordinated bonds are widespread securities. The subordinated obligation in the bond distinguishes the subordinated bond from other bonds. At the same time, the underlying relationship entails significant risks for the fulfilment of the obligations arising from the bond, which is outweighed by the higher profitability of such bonds. However, there are cases where the obligations arising from subordinated bonds are never met. Such cases may be based not only on the insolvency of the issuer of the subordinated bonds but also on the existence of State aid received by the issuer. In view of the recent financial difficulties of several banks, the likelihood of an issuer that has received State aid being able to meet its obligations under subordinated bonds becomes a particularly acute matter.
Consolidation of the Principle of Democratic Elections in the Law of the Latvian People
Authors: Lazdiņš Jānis 
Published: October 2023

The article provides an analysis of the gradual consolidation of the principle of democratic elections in the election law of the Latvian people during the period from the abolition of serfdom in the Baltic Governorates of the Russian Empire at the beginning of the 19th century until the adoption of the Satversme [Constitution] of the Republic of Latvia on 15 February 1922. Abolition of serfdom was chosen as a point of reference for the publication, because “emancipation” gave liberty to the majority of Latvians as persons belonging to the peasant class. Until proclamation of the Republic of Latvia (1918), Latvians gained election experience in electing the councils of civil parishes, cities and the State Duma of the Russian Empire. None of the elections held in the Russian Empire can be considered to be democratic, since the principle of voters’ equality was not complied with. Demand for democratic elections as denial of inequality consolidated among the Latvian people by the end of the 19th century. It is proven by the projects of Latvia’s autonomy, elaborated even before the democratic February Revolution in the Russian Empire (1917). Following the proclamation of the Republic of Latvia, the legislator only enshrined (documented) in legal acts the will of the Latvian people to elect state and local government officials democratically.
Władysław Tarnawski and the Critical Reactions of the National Democratic Party in Lviv to the Changes of the March Constitution (1926–1935)
Authors: Pudłocki Tomasz 
Published: October 2023

The article considers the problem of reaction of the greatest Polish opposition party to the post-1926 “Sanation”, namely, the right-wing National Democrat attitudes to the ideas of changes of the Polish Constitution of 1921. The author focuses on the King John Casimir University in Lviv milieu (mostly professors, but also graduates and those allied with these circles – lawyers and journalists). Among many advocates protesting against ruling party’s reforms of the Polish law was Władysław Tarnawski – the professor of English Philology at the University and one of the leaders of Lviv’s right wing. An analysis of the discourse on Polish law carried out by opposition parties against the post-May government allows to grasp the richness of Polish parliamentary life in the authoritarian period. Despite the numerous studies in Polish historiography dealing with the milieu of the National Democrats between 1918 and 1939, the Lviv branch of this party has been understudied.
The Protection of Fundamental Rights by the Constitutional Court in the Republic of Latvia. Perspectives, Opportunities and Limits of an Introduction of the Model in Italy
Authors: Di Capua Viviana 
Published: October 2023

The contribution aims to analyse the constitutional complaint in the Republic of Latvia, a particular type of appeal to the Constitutional Court that can be filed by an individual directly, without any intermediation, if a legal norm that conflicts with a hierarchically superordinate source has caused a violation of one of his or her fundamental rights provided for in the Constitution the Republic of Latvia of 15 February 1992 (Satversme). The objective will be to explore, also through the examination of constitutional jurisprudence, the adequacy of this technique of protecting fundamental rights in the Republic of Latvia, the possible development of the legal system through the referral to the Latvian Constitutional Court of issues that should have been dealt with by the legislature, and its exportability in the Italian legal system. With regard to this last profile, we will proceed to examine the obstacles to the introduction of some form of direct access to the Constitutional Court, represented not already by Article 134 of the Constitution (which, notoriously, provides for the jurisdiction of the constitutional court “over disputes relating to the constitutional legitimacy of laws and acts, having the force of law, of the State and the Regions”), but by Constitutional Law no. 1 of 1948 and Law No. 87 of 1953, which structure the control of constitutionality exclusively on incidental access (“in the course of a judgment”) and by the model of protection of fundamental rights outlined by the Constitution, in which the function of protection is attributed to the ordinary judge and, in cases of exclusive jurisdiction, to the administrative judge. Finally, special attention will be paid to the constitutional jurisprudence on election laws, which, according to some, would have legitimized the introduction in the national system of a direct appeal “disguised” as an incidental appeal.
Disparitas Putusan Mahkamah Agung dan Pengadilan Agama dalam Penerapan Fasakh terhadap Perceraian atas Dasar Murtad
Authors: Nasution Muhammad Idris 
Published: October 2023

Mahkamah Agung dalam dua putusannya secara konsisten membatalkan putusan Pengadilan Tinggi Agama yang telah memutus fasakh terhadap perkara cerai talak karena telah terbukti terjadinya peralihan agama salah satu pasangan suami istri. Mahkamah Agung menilai pemberian izin talak raj’i lebih tepat dengan alasan sesuai posita dan petitum permohonan. Penulis menemukan sebelas putusan Pengadilan Agama pasca dua putusan Mahkamah Agung tersebut tetap menjatuhkan fasakh jika telah terbukti peralihan agama salah seorang pasangan suami istri meskipun tidak dijadikan alasan perceraian dan tidak diminta oleh pihak dalam petitumnya. Dalam artikel ini, penulis akan mengkaji pertimbangan-pertimbangan hukum sebelas putusan Pengadilan Agama tersebut dengan menggunakan metode eksplanatif dan disajikan secara kualitatif. Hasil kajian penulis menunjukkan pertimbangan hakim dipengaruhi persepsi hakim terhadap penerapan asas ultra petita dengan asas ex aequo et bono, persepsi hakim terhadap penerapan mazhab-mazhab fikih dalam putusan, serta persepsi hakim atas kemandirian hakim dan kepatuhan yursiprudensi.
Tujuan Hukum Islam untuk Kemaslahatan Manusia: Penerapan Kaidah Fiqhiyah dalam Bidang Ekonomi dan Hukum Keluarga
Authors: Nurdin Abidin , Usman Bustami , Samad Fauzan , Mukhtar Makmunzir 
Published: October 2023

Kajian ini membahas tentang tujuan hukum Islam adalah untuk kemaslahatan manusia khususnya penerapan kaidah fiqhiyah dalam bidang ekonomi dan hukum keluarga. Metodologi Hukum Islam atau ushul fiqh dikenal qawaid fiqhiyah sebagai alat untuk untuk mempermudah proses istinbath dan metode ijtihad dalam menentukan suatu hukum. Kajian ini merupakan studi hukum Islam secara teoritis atau normatif, dengan menggunakan teori hukum Islam. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa tujuan hukum Islam yang paling utama adalah untuk kemaslahatan manusia di dunia dan akhirat yang dikenal dengan istilah maqashid al-syariah. Kemudian kaidah fiqhiyah dalam bidang ekonomi (mudharabah dan musyarakah) digunakan misalnya; “Pada dasarnya semua muamalah boleh dilakukan, terkecuali ada dalil yang mengharamkannya.” Kaidah ini bermakna kebolehan dalam muamalah itu selama belum ada dalil yang jelas melarang dan mengharamkannya, itulah prinsip dasar dalam menentukan hukum-hukum yang berkenaan dengan muamalah. Qawaid fiqhiyah dalam hubungannya dengan hukum keluarga Islam dikenal ada kaidah al-adat al-muhakkamah (adat dapat dijadikan sebagai hukum) diimplementasikan dalam hal pembagian harta bersama. Demikian juga kaidah fiqhiyah yang digunakan dalam putusan hakim Pengadilan Agama pada kasus perceraian antara suami dan isteri yang tidak mungkin lagi mempertahankan perkawinannya. Hal ini berpegang pada kaidah fiqhiyah: ”Apabila ada dua hal yang sama-sama mengandung mudlarat, maka harus dipilih satu diantaranya yang lebih kecil mudlaratnya.” Kaidah-kaidah ini menunjukkan keluasan dan keluwesan hukum Islam yang akan mewujudkan kemaslahatan manusia sebagai tujuan utama hukum Islam
Optimal settings for different tooth types in the virtual bracket removal technique
Authors: Wang Yipeng , Wang Peiqi , Ye Shiyang , Shi Yu , He Yiruo , Han Xianglong , Bai Ding , Xue Chaoran 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To determine the optimal settings for reconstructing the buccal surfaces of different tooth types using the virtual bracket removal (VBR) technique.

Materials and Methods
Ten postbonded digital dentitions (with their original prebonded dentitions) were enrolled. The VBR protocol was carried out under five settings from three commonly used computer-aided design (CAD) systems: OrthoAnalyzer (O); Meshmixer (M); and curvature (G2), tangent (G1), and flat (G0) from Geomagic Studio. The root mean squares (RMSs) between the reconstructed and prebonded dentitions were calculated for each tooth and compared with the clinically acceptable limit (CAL) of 0.10 mm.

Results
The overall prevalences of RMSs below the CAL were 66.80%, 70.08%, 62.30%, 94.83%, and 56.15% under O, M, G2, G1, and G0, respectively. For the upper dentition, the mean RMSs were significantly lower than the CAL for all tooth types under G1 and upper incisors and canines under M and G2. For the lower dentition, the mean RMSs were significantly lower than the CAL for all tooth types under G1 and lower incisors and canines under M, G2, and G0 (all P &lt; .05). Additionally, the mean RMSs of all teeth under G1 were significantly lower than those under the other settings (all P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
The optimal settings varied among different tooth types. G1 performed best for most tooth types compared to the other four settings.
Intensive Lifestyle Intervention for Remission of Early Type 2 Diabetes in Primary Care in Australia: DiRECT-Aus
Authors: Hocking Samantha L. , Markovic Tania P. , Lee Crystal M.Y. , Picone Tegan J. , Gudorf Kate E. , Colagiuri Stephen 
Published: October 2023

OBJECTIVE
We aimed to assess whether remission of type 2 diabetes (T2D) could be achieved with a low-energy total diet replacement (TDR) in an Australian primary care setting.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Individuals aged 20–65 years with T2D duration up to 6 years, BMI &gt;27.0 kg/m2, and not treated with insulin were prescribed a 13-week low-energy TDR (Optifast; Nestlé Health Science) followed by 8-week structured food reintroduction and 31-week supported weight maintenance. The primary outcome was T2D remission at 12 months.

RESULTS
A total of 155 participants comprised the intention-to-treat population. At 12 months, T2D remission was achieved in 86 (56%) participants, with a mean adjusted weight loss of 8.1% (95% CI 7.2–9.1). Two serious adverse events requiring hospitalization related to the study intervention were reported.

CONCLUSIONS
At 12 months T2D remission was achieved for one in two Australian adults in a primary care setting.
Trends in Preventive Care Services Among U.S. Adults With Diagnosed Diabetes, 2008–2020
Authors: Wittman Jacob T. , Bullard Kai McKeever , Benoit Stephen R. 
Published: October 2023

OBJECTIVE
Preventive care services are important to prevent or delay complications associated with diabetes. We report trends in receipt of six American Diabetes Association–recommended preventive care services during 2008–2020.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We used 2008–2020 data from the cross-sectional Medical Expenditures Panel Survey to calculate the proportion of U.S. adults ≥18 years of age with diagnosed diabetes who reported receiving preventive care services, overall and by subpopulation (n = 25,616). We used joinpoint regression to identify trends during 2008–2019. The six services completed in the past year included at least one dental examination, dilated-eye examination, foot examination, and cholesterol test; at least two A1C tests, and an influenza vaccine.

RESULTS
From 2008 to 2020, proportions of U.S. adults with diabetes receiving any individual preventive care service ranged from 32.6% to 89.9%. From 2008 to 2019, overall trends in preventive services among these adults were flat except for an increase in influenza vaccination (average annual percent change: 2.6% [95% CI 1.1%, 4.2%]). Trend analysis of subgroups was heterogeneous: influenza vaccination and A1C testing showed improvements among several subgroups, whereas cholesterol testing (patients aged 45–64 years; less than a high school education; Medicaid insurance) and dental visits (uninsured) declined. In 2020, 8.2% (95% CI 4.5%, 11.9%) of those with diabetes received none of the recommended preventive care services.

CONCLUSIONS
Other than influenza vaccination, we observed no improvement in preventive care service use among U.S. adults with diabetes. These data highlight services and specific subgroups that could be targeted to improve preventive care among adults with diabetes.
Criteria for Enhanced Monitoring and Control Plans for a Waste Gasification Plant
Authors: Adami Luca , Ragazzi Marco , Tubino Marco , Schiavon Marco 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMP) and the Monitoring and Control Plan (MCP) are key documents required respectively in Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) procedures and in the Integrated Environmental Authorization (IEA) for activities subjected to this procedure. Both documents aim at preventing impacts on the environment and human health and/or quickly taking actions if anomalous levels of pollutants are found in the environment. Trentino is an Italian region located in the Alps characterized by high population density in its valleys, complex terrain and, thus, a low level of dispersion of the atmospheric pollutants. The research carried out in Trentino in the last two decades has allowed identifying innovative monitoring approaches to point out issues that conventional methodologies could not detect. The present paper provides the key elements of an EMP that must be included in the EIA of a waste gasification plant. The paper proposes unconventional monitoring campaigns to guarantee a more efficient control of the areas influenced by the plant before, during and after its construction. The paper also discusses key aspects of an MCP for plants that are subjected to IEA. The final aim is to make this paper a reference document to 1) evaluate new projects of waste combustion plants, 2) suggest alternative monitoring methodologies to investigate the role of specific pollutants in peculiar contexts, and 3) prescribe a specific surveillance plan in the case of a plant that is subjected to IEA. Considerations on differences with conventional plants were also included.
Implementasi Black Box Testing pada Sistem Informasi Manajemen Dosen
Authors: Febriyanti Ni Made Dwi , Oka Sudana A.A Kompiang , Piarsa I Nyoman 
Published: October 2023

Abstrak
Sistem Informasi Manajen Dosen (SIMDOS) merupakan sistem yang memberikan informasi mengenai data dosen di Universitas Hindu Indonesia (UNHI). Implementasi SIMDOS di Universitas Hindu Indonesia secara menyeluruh belum optimal dengan demikian perlu adanya pengujian perangkat lunak. Pengujian perangkan lunak merupakan salah satu tahapan yang paling penting dalam pengembangan sebuah sistem informasi. Untuk mendapatkan hasil yang optimal maka perlu dilakukan pengujian dengan menggunakan black box testing dengan bantuan automation tools TestProject memiliki tujuan untuk meminimalisir adanya kesalahan dan memastikan apakah fungsi-fungsi pada sistem berjalan sesuai yang diharapkan. Hasil dari pengujian sistem yang diujikan sebanyak 53 butir uji terdapat 2 butir uji yang tidak sesuai.
Perancangan Enterprise Architecture Menggunakan TOGAF Architecture Development Method pada Kantor Pertanahan Nasional Kabupaten Badung
Authors: Yustisia Putu Visvani , Bayupati I Putu Agung , Susila Anak Agung Ngurah Hary 
Published: October 2023

Rancangan enterprises architectures dilaksanakan dalam peningkatan kegiatan operasi serta layanan dari institusi pemerintah kemudian membuat keselarasan dari informas serta bisnis. BPN Kabupaten Badung memiliki wewenang melakukan aktivitas di sector urusan tanah. Audit memperdayakan TOGAF ADM bisa mempermudah untuk penemuan masalah dan penyelesaiannya. Studi memiliki tujuaan dalam membuat rancangan enterprises architectures di sistematik informasi serta layanan publik dengan kerangka TOGAF ADM. Hasil dalam bentuk cetak biru enterprises architectures layanan pertanahan BPN Badung, menambahkan aplikasi Pelayanan Pertanahan serta Pengaduan Masyarakat dalam menyokokong aktivitas kerja di BPN Badung.
ANALISIS SENTIMEN BERITA UNIVERSITAS UDAYANA MENGGUNAKAN METODE FULL TEXT SEARCH (NATURAL LANGUAGE) DAN RULE BASED METHOD
Authors: Khasanah Siti Rohmatul , Putra I Ketut Gede Darma , Dharmadi I Putu Arya 
Published: October 2023

Abstrak
Perkembangan teknologi membuat berita online banyak disajikan melalui website. Saat ini banyak berita tentang Universitas Udayana yang ada di berbagai website. Dengan adanya berita tersebut Universitas Udayana dapat melakukan evaluasi untuk meningkatkan citranya dimata publik dengan cara melakukan analisis sentimen berita mengingat Universitas Udayana merupakan salah satu Universitas yang paling diminati di Bali. Data berita didapatkan dengan melakukan web scraping dari beberapa situs berita. Data berita yang didapatkan diproses dengan beberapa tahapan, tahapan tersebut meliputi filtering, stemming, pencocokan kata dengan metode Full Text Search (Natural Language), klasifikasi sentimen dengan metode Rule Based Method, visualisasi dengan web dan pengujian menggunakan confussion matix. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan aplikasi analisis sentimen berita Universitas Udayana dapat bekerja dengan baik untuk mengenali sentimen berita positif sebagai kelebihan Universitas Udayana dan mengenali sentimen berita negatif sebagai kekurangan Universitas Udayana dengan tingkat akurasi sebesar 94%, tingkat presisi positif sebesar 98%, presisi negatif sebesar 84%, presisi netral sebesar 100%, recall positif sebesar 91%, recall negatif sebesar 96%, dan recall netral sebesar 100%.

Keywords: Analisis Sentimen, Full Text Search (Natural Language), Rule Based Method, Berita Online Universitas Udayana.
Model Prediksi Cuaca Menggunakan Metode LSTM
Authors: Lattifia Tita , Buana Putu Wira , Rusjayanthi Ni Kadek Dwi 
Published: October 2023

Cuaca dapat berubah-ubah yaitu hanya dalam beberapa jam, dan ditandai dengan perbedaan antara siang dan malam. Cuaca disebabkan oleh perbedaan suhu dan kelembaban dari satu tempat ke tempat lain. Prediksi cuaca yang lengkap dan akurat sangat dibutuhkan agar dapat meningkatkan kinerja dari berbagai bidang akivitas manusia. Metode dalam melakukan prediksi telah diuji dalam proses berbagai penelitian, salah satunya adalah Long Short Term Memory. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan data cuaca berupa curah hujan, dan suhu dengan metode Long Short Term Memory (LSTM). Parameter yang mempengaruhi hasil prakira metode LSTM dalam penelitian ini yaitu epoch dan batch size. Akurasi terbaik rata-rata diperoleh dengan menggunakan batch size 50 serta epoch 100 dan nilai RMSE dan MAPE terbaik diperoleh yaitu 1.7444 dan 1.9499%.
Katalog der mittelalterlichen Handschriften des Franziskanerklosters Freiburg
Authors: Mangold Mikkel , Führer Dörthe 
Published: October 2023

Die mittelalterliche Bibliothek der Franziskaner in Freiburg i. Ü. hat die politischen Wirren der Jahrhunderte ebenso wie einen Klosterbrand weitgehend unbeschadet überstanden. Ihr Handschriftenbestand wird hier katalogisiert.
Bis auf die Bücher für den Gottesdienst des Konvents und das Stundengebet auf Reisen waren die meisten Handschriften der Sammlung an Pulten angekettet. Viele von ihnen stammen aus dem Besitz der beiden Guardiane Friedrich von Amberg († 1432) und Jean Joly († 1510). Ihre Einbände wurden im Kloster selbst hergestellt. Die Bücher überliefern Texte für Predigt, Seelsorge und Studium, zur franziskanischen Theologie und Lebensführung. Ihr unscheinbares Äusseres spiegelt ebenso wie der Inhalt die geistlichen Ideale des Ordens wider.
Die reich bebilderte Einleitung zur Geschichte der Sammlung erscheint auch auf Französisch und liegt der Publikation als separate Broschüre bei.

La bibliothèque médiévale des Cordeliers de Fribourg a survécu sans dégâts majeurs aux tourments politiques des siècles passés et même à un incendie du couvent. Le catalogue de sa collection de manuscrits est disponible dans ce volume.
À l’exception des livres servant aux messes du couvent et à la liturgie des heures en voyage, la plupart des manuscrits étaient enchaînés aux pupitres. Nombreux d’entre eux proviennent des collections des deux gardiens Frédéric d’Amberg († 1432) et Jean Joly († 1510). Leurs reliures ont été fabriquées au couvent même. Les livres contiennent des textes relatifs à la prédication, à la cure des âmes et à l’étude, à la théologie et au mode de vie franciscaines. Tant leur apparence sans prétention que leur contenu reflètent les idéaux de cet ordre religieux.
Le catalogue des 82 manuscrits est rédigé en allemand. L’introduction richement illustrée présentant l’histoire de la collection paraît aussi en français sous la forme d’une brochure à part accompagnant la publication.
PELATIHAN PENYUSUNAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN USAHA MIKRO KECIL MENENGAH (UMKM) WILAYAH KOTA MADIUN
Authors: Sugiharto  , Amrulloh Amri , Dwi Wibawa Koerniawan , Tohari Hamim , Abdullah La Ode 
Published: October 2023

Pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia bisa bertumbuh kembang berasal dari dana APBN dan dari usaha kecil menengah yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Sebuah data menyebutkan bahwa 90% orang di Indonesia merupakan pelaku usaha UMKM. UMKM adalah usaha produktif yang dimiliki perorangan maupun badan usaha yang telah memenuhi kriteria sebagai usaha mikro. Sumber lain mengatakan bahwa tanpa bantuan dari APBN kegiatan perekonomian di Indonesia bisa tumbuh ekonominya sebesar 4% dari perputaran kegiatan usaha yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Melihat data tersebut alangkah signifikannya peran masyarakat terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia. Mengingat pentingnya peran masyarakat dalam menopang pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia, maka semua kegiatan ekonomi masyarakat harus ada bimbingan dan pelatihan, serta dilakukan tindak lanjut dalam bentuk monitoring dan evaluasi, mengingat kegiatan perekonomian yang dilakukan masyarakat masih banyak berjalan apa adanya dan belum ada perencanaan yang jelas untuk mencapai kemajuan bisnisnya. Kami selaku kaum akademis yang mempunyai keahlian dalam ilmu tertentu harus membantu masyarakat khususnya lewat kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat dalam hal meningkatkan usaha / bisnis masyarakat supaya dikelola secara profesional dan mencapai tujuan bisnis yang menunjang perekonomian Indonesia. Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat ini yaitu untuk membimbing dan melatih masyarakat usaha mikro kecil menengah wilayah Kota Madiun, tersebut kesulitan melakukan pencatatan atau pembukuan kegiatan ekonominya.