bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bayesian trio models for association in the presence of genotyping errors
Authors: Bernardinelli L. , Berzuini C. , Seaman S. , Holmans P. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractErrors in genotyping can greatly affect family‐based association studies. If a mendelian inconsistency is detected, the family is usually removed from the analysis. This reduces power, and may introduce bias. In addition, a large proportion of genotyping errors remain undetected, and these also reduce power. We present a Bayesian framework for performing association studies with SNP data on samples of trios consisting of parents with an affected offspring, while allowing for the presence of both detectable and undetectable genotyping errors. This framework also allows for the inclusion of missing genotypes. Associations between the SNP and disease were modelled in terms of the genotypic relative risks. The performances of the analysis methods were investigated under a variety of models for disease association and genotype error, looking at both power to detect association and precision of genotypic relative risk estimates. As expected, power to detect association decreased as genotyping error probability increased. Importantly, however, analyses allowing for genotyping error had similar power to standard analyses when applied to data without genotyping error. Furthermore, allowing for genotyping error yielded relative risk estimates that were approximately unbiased, together with 95% credible intervals giving approximately correct coverage. The methods were also applied to a real dataset: a sample of schizophrenia cases and their parents genotyped at SNPs in the dysbindin gene. The analysis methods presented here require no prior information on the genotyping error probabilities, and may be fitted in WinBUGS. Genet Epidemiol 26:70–80, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Do you need in‐house dealmakers?
Authors: Frankel Michael E. S. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractStrategic transactions used to be managed by outside investment bankers, partnered with a senior company executive. But today, many companies find
they can manage deals more efficiently in‐house. So, do you need a team of in‐house dealmakers? And how should you manage their
role? © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Beyond the closing table: M&A considerations from a banker's perspective
Authors: Roy Michael 
Published: December 2003

AbstractMost potential M&A deals are evaluated from a narrow perspective—how to finance them. But this article's author—a
banker—argues that you have to do a lot more than simply strike a good deal if you want to be successful. A deal that looks good to you can
endanger your future banking relationships—and your access to future financing. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Update: M&A in Latin America
Authors: Metwalli Ali M. , Tang Roger Y. W. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThere was a dramatic recent slowdown in Latin America M&A activity, due to global recession and concern about financial crises in Argentina
and Brazil. Nevertheless, the authors are bullish about long‐term prospects in this area. They explain why, and take a close look at four key
countries: Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, and Chile. Which industries have been the most active? © 2004 Wiley Periodicals,
Inc.
Goodwill: Have new rules killed mergers?
Authors: Ketz J. Edward , Schams Puja 
Published: December 2003

AbstractGoodwill can have a big impact on any M&A transaction. The authors examined recent financial statements to determine the effect of the latest
goodwill standards. While merger activity is alive and well, the economic downturn has led many firms to write down their goodwill. Were the latest
rules responsible for a decline in M&A? © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New mandate: Reporting on internal controls
Authors: Rouse Robert W. , Weirich Thomas R. , Munter Paul 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe Sarbanes‐Oxley Act continues to change the financial reporting landscape for publicly held companies. Public firms and their auditors
face a new mandate: Make sure internal controls exist to prevent or detect fraud. And beginning in 2004, they must report on how effective the
company's internal controls really are. This will have a big impact on internal auditors' fees. More importantly, what must you do to meet
the new requirements? © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Therapists' adherence and competence and treatment discrimination in the NIDA Collaborative Cocaine Treatment Study
Authors: Barber Jacques P. , Foltz Carol , Crits‐Christoph Paul , Chittams Jesse 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe National Institute on Drug Abuse Collaborative Cocaine Treatment Study was designed to assess the efficacy of four different psychosocial interventions (cognitive therapy, supportive–expressive dynamic therapy, and individual and group drug counseling) for cocaine dependence. This report addresses the treatment integrity and discriminability of the three individual treatments. Therapists' adherence and competence for all three individual treatments during early and late sessions were rated reliably by three sets of independent expert judges (one set of expert clinicians for each treatment condition). Results indicated that therapists and counselors made use of the therapeutic techniques described in their respective treatment manuals rather than those from different treatment manuals. Thus, treatments were easily discriminable by the independent judges. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.
Psychometric properties of the Brief Life Satisfaction Scales
Authors: Lubin Bernard , Van Whitlock Rod 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe development, psychometric characteristics, and clinical utility of a brief measure of life satisfaction, the Brief Life Satisfaction Scales (BLSS), are presented. Factor analysis of the 10‐item scale yielded three factors: self‐satisfaction, interpersonal satisfaction, and social role satisfaction. Reliability (internal consistency and retest) and validity (concurrent, construct, discriminant, known group, predictive, and incremental) were adequate to good. Clinical uses of the BLSS and additional studies are discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.
Progressive muscle relaxation, yoga stretching, and ABC relaxation theory
Authors: Ghoncheh Shahyad , Smith Jonathan C. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThis study compared the psychological effects of progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) and yoga stretching (hatha) exercises. Forty participants were randomly divided into two groups and taught PMR or yoga stretching exercises. Both groups practiced once a week for five weeks and were given the Smith Relaxation States Inventory before and after each session. As hypothesized, practitioners of PMR displayed higher levels of relaxation states (R‐States) Physical Relaxation and Disengagement at Week 4 and higher levels of Mental Quiet and Joy as a posttraining aftereffect at Week 5. Contrary to what was hypothesized, groups did not display different levels of R‐States Energized or Aware. Results suggest the value of supplementing traditional somatic conceptualizations of relaxation with the psychological approach embodied in ABC relaxation theory. Clinical and research implications are discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.
The Diagnostic Inventory for Depression: A self‐report scale to diagnose DSM‐IV major depressive disorder
Authors: Zimmerman Mark , Sheeran Thomas , Young Diane 
Published: December 2003

AbstractIn this report from the Rhode Island Methods to Improve Diagnostic Assessment and Services (MIDAS) project, we describe the development and validation of the Diagnostic Inventory for Depression (DID), a new self‐report scale designed to assess the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM‐IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) symptom inclusion criteria for a major depressive episode, assess psychosocial impairment due to depression, and evaluate subjective quality of life. A large sample of 626 psychiatric outpatients completed the DID and were interviewed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV (SCID). The measure's test‐retest reliability, discriminant and convergent validity, and sensitivity to clinical change were investigated. The DID subscales achieved high levels of internal consistency and test‐retest reliability. The DID was more highly correlated with another self‐report measure of depression than with measures of anxiety, substance use problems, eating disorders, and somatization, thereby supporting the convergent and discriminant validity of the scale. The DID also was highly correlated with interviewer ratings of the severity of depression and psychosocial functioning, and DID symptom severity scores were significantly different in depressed patients with mild, moderate, and severe levels of depression. The DID was a valid measure of symptom change. Finally, the DID was significantly associated with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.
Remembering the 1978 and 1990 task forces on self‐help therapies: A response to Gerald Rosen
Authors: Floyd Mark , McKendree‐Smith Nancy L. , Scogin Forrest R. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractGerald M. Rosen has reminded us of the contributions of two task forces that addressed self‐help therapies. The problems with self‐administered treatments that were discussed in the recent Journal of Clinical Psychology special section (Volume 59, Number 3) also were discussed by these task forces. One of the primary problems is the lack of quality control and, in particular, the fact that self‐help books without empirical support can be marketed to the public. There is not sufficient data available to reach conclusions regarding the overall impact of self‐help books. Additional research and empirical support are needed for self‐administered treatments; however, requiring such research support prior to publication would be holding self‐help books to a higher standard than is currently required for psychologists (and other therapists) providing services. Our belief is that self‐administered treatment is at least benign and potentially helpful to most consumers. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.
A historical note on false traumatic memories
Authors: Rosen Gerald M. , Sageman Marc , Loftus Elizabeth 
Published: December 2003

AbstractUnhampered by current ethical standards and human subject committees, H. Bernheim (1889) created a false memory of a horrific traumatic event. Bernheim also demonstrated his subject's willingness to discuss the implanted memory with a representative of the law. Bernheim's work represents the first documented case of an implanted false traumatic memory, with direct relevance to contemporary debates. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.
Quantifying clinical judgment in the assessment of adolescent psychopathology: Reliability, validity, and factor structure of the Child Behavior Checklist for clinician report
Authors: Dutra Lissa , Campbell Laura , Westen Drew 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) as completed by doctoral‐level clinicians in the treatment of adolescents. We asked 294 randomly selected, experienced psychiatrists and psychologists to describe a patient aged 14 to 18 in treatment for personality pathology. Clinicians completed the CBCL (parent‐report version) and measures of adaptive functioning, personality pathology, and family and developmental history, which served as criterion variables to test the validity of the CBCL as completed by clinicians. Most CBCL scales demonstrated acceptable reliability. Validity estimates were impressive, and the data revealed clinically meaningful associations between specific CBCL scale scores and developmental and family history variables. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the factorial structure of the clinician‐report CBCL resembled that of the parent‐report CBCL, with the exception of a substantially lower correlation between higher order internalizing and externalizing factors. The data suggest that clinical judgment can be both reliable and valid when quantified using psychometrically sound instruments. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.
Purification of [11C]nitromethane for use in asymmetric nitroaldol reactions
Authors: Gustavsson Sven Åke , Kato Koichi , Långström Bengt 
Published: December 2003

Abstract[11C]Nitromethane was prepared by modifying previously published procedures. Nitrogen oxides contaminating the [11C]nitromethane were removed by a heated sodium carbonate plug. An asymmetric nitroaldol reaction was performed using a lanthanum–lithium–(R)‐binol (LLB) complex as catalyst. 1‐Nitro‐4‐phenylbutan‐2‐ol was produced in a reaction between [11C]nitromethane and 3‐phenyl‐propionaldehyde in 16% enantiomeric excess (e.e.) and a radiochemical yield of 23%. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of 3,7,8‐15N3‐N1‐(β‐D‐erythro‐pentofuranosyl)‐5‐guanidinohydantoin
Authors: Yu Hongbin , Wishnok John S. , Tannenbaum Steven R. 
Published: December 2003

Abstract3,7,8‐15N3‐N1‐(β‐D‐erythro‐pentofuranosyl)‐5‐guanidinohydantoin was synthesized from the oxidation of 1,7,NH2‐15N3‐8‐oxo‐7,8‐dihydro‐2′‐deoxyguanosine with 2 equivalents of Ir(IV) in pH 4.5 potassium phosphate buffer. The synthesis of 1,7,NH2‐15N3‐8‐oxo‐7,8‐dihydro‐2′‐deoxyguanosine started with bromination of 1,7,NH2‐15N3‐2′‐deoxyguanosine. The resulting 1,7,NH2‐15N3‐8‐bromo‐7,8‐dihydro‐2′‐deoxyguanosine reacted with sodium benzyloxide to afford 1,7,NH2‐15N3‐8‐benzyloxy‐7,8‐dihydro‐2′‐deoxyguanosine. Subsequent catalytic transfer hydrogenation of 1,7,NH2‐15N3‐8‐benzyloxy‐7,8‐dihydro‐2′‐deoxyguanosine with cyclohexene and 10% Pd/C yielded 1,7,NH2‐15N3‐8‐oxo‐7,8‐dihydro‐2′‐deoxyguanosine. Purification of 3,7,8‐15N3‐N1‐(β‐D‐erythro‐pentofuranosyl)‐5‐guanidinohydantoin was first carried out on a C18 column and the product was further purified on a graphite column. ESI‐MS was used to confirm the identity and to determine the isotopic purity of all the labeled compounds. The isotopic purity of 3,7,8‐15N3‐N1‐(β‐D‐erythro‐pentofuranosyl)‐5‐guanidinohydantoin was 99.4 atom% based on LC‐MS measurements. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Circulation dynamics of Mediterranean precipitation variability 1948–98
Authors: Dünkeloh A. , Jacobeit J. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractCanonical correlation analysis is used to identify main coupled circulation–rainfall patterns and to relate recent variability and trends of Mediterranean precipitation to large‐scale circulation dynamics. Analyses are based on geopotential heights (500 and 1000 hPa levels) for the North Atlantic–European area (National Centers for Environmental Prediction–National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis) and on highly resolved (0.5° × 0.5° ) monthly rainfall grids (Climatic Research Unit, Norwich) selected for the Mediterranean area during the 1948–98 period. Combining monthly analyses with similar characteristics to seasonal samples yields winter (October–March), spring (April–May) and summer (June–September) types of coupled variability; a particular autumn type for the whole Mediterranean does not occur on the monthly time scale. Coupled patterns specifically linked to one or two seasons include an east Atlantic jet (EA‐Jet) related pattern for summer and a Mediterranean meridional circulation (MMC) pattern for winter and spring. The most important pattern recurring with dynamical adjustments throughout the whole year reflects the seasonal cycle of the Mediterranean oscillation (MO), which is linked (with seasonal dependence) to the Northern Hemisphere teleconnection modes of the Arctic oscillation (AO) and North Atlantic oscillation (NAO). Winter rainfall trends of the recent decades marked by widespread decreases in the Mediterranean area and by opposite conditions in the southeastern part are linked to particular changes over time in several of the associated circulation patterns. Thus, different regional rainfall changes are integrated into an overall interrelation between Mediterranean rainfall patterns and large‐scale atmospheric circulation dynamics. Copyright © 2003 Royal Meteorological Society
Spatial variability of daily rainfall over Orissa, India, during the southwest summer monsoon season
Authors: Mohapatra M. , Mohanty U. C. , Behera S. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractSouthwest summer monsoon rainfall over Orissa, a state of eastern India, shows characteristic spatial and temporal variability, due to the interaction of basic westerly flow with orography and the synoptic‐scale monsoon disturbances developing over the northern Bay of Bengal and moving west‐northwestwards along the monsoon trough. The aim of this study is to find out the main features of the spatial variability of daily monsoon rainfall over Orissa and associated synoptic systems. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis is a good tool to filter out the main components from any noise, and this was applied to daily monsoon rainfall (June–September) data of 31 uniformly distributed stations over a period of 20 years (1980–1999). The association of synoptic systems with significant EOFs has been confirmed by analysing daily synoptic systems over Orissa and its neighbourhood during the same period.The first three EOFs in S‐mode may be attributed to good monsoon rainfall in association with low‐pressure systems/cyclonic circulation (LPSC), like lows, depressions, cyclonic storms and cyclonic circulation extending up to the mid‐tropospheric level over the northwest (NW) Bay/NW and the adjoining northeast (NE) Bay, over Gangetic West Bengal (GWB) and over Orissa/NW and the adjoining west central (WC) Bay. The fourth and fifth EOFs may be attributed to a weak monsoon condition being associated only with a monsoon trough without any embedded system and LPSC over the NE and the adjoining NW Bay respectively. Based on rotation of significant EOFs in T‐mode, which gives better regionalization, Orissa consists of five homogeneous regions of daily monsoon rainfall: (i) eastern Orissa, (ii) western Orissa, (iii) northwest Orissa, (iv) north Orissa and (v) northeast Orissa. Eastern Orissa gets higher rainfall than the other regions, due to LPSC over NW Bay/NW and the adjoining NE Bay, western Orissa rainfall is due to LPSC over Orissa/NW and the adjoining WC Bay; likewise, northwest Orissa rainfall is due to LPSC over GWB, north Orissa rainfall is due to LPSC over the NE and the adjoining NW Bay, and northeast Orissa rainfall is due only to a monsoon trough without any significant embedded system over Orissa and adjoining land/sea areas. Copyright © 2003 Royal Meteorological Society
Patterns of variability in the satellite microwave sounding unit temperature record: comparison with surface and reanalysis data
Authors: Sturaro Giovanni 
Published: December 2003

AbstractPrincipal component analysis is applied to global temperature records to study the differences in the patterns of variability between surface and troposphere. Surface, Microwave Sounding Unit (lower troposphere, channel 2 and channel 4) and National Centers for Environmental Prediction–National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis thickness data are studied in the common period 1979–2000. The patterns of variability are classified into geographical regions and compared. The series of their time coefficients are correlated to assess the existence of common and significant climate‐change signals in the form of climatic trends. The objective is to identify the physical processes determining the records' variations and the differences between the surface and the satellite records that might be related to the discrepancy in their globally averaged trend. Major differences were found in the Tropics, where the surface warming is not paralleled in any other record. The surface record has two major patterns over the Tropics, one of which is connected to El Niño–southern oscillation. Satellite variability is instead described by only one pattern, most probably deriving from the merging of the two distinct patterns found for the near‐surface records. In the eastern Antarctic a higher troposphere and lower stratosphere negative trend is found connected to ozone depletion. This signal prevails in the satellite record, despite evidence that it is confined only above 500 hPa. A pattern over Siberia is linked to the ‘Euro‐Siberian oscillation’, i.e. the change in the pressure field determining the tracks of the Atlantic storms over the area Copyright © 2003 Royal Meteorological Society
Spring–summer temperature reconstruction in western Norway 1734–2003: a data‐synthesis approach
Authors: Nordli P. Ø. , Lie Ø. , Nesje A. , Dahl S. O. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractA series of spring–summer (April–August) temperatures was reconstructed for the period 1734–1923 for western Norway based on multi‐proxy data. For the period 1734–1842 the long‐term variations were based on terminal moraines in front of two southern Norwegian glaciers, whereas the annual variations were based on grain‐harvest data extracted from farmers' diaries. For the period 1843–1867 the spring–summer temperatures were reconstructed solely from diaries overlapping instrumental observations. All the results were incorporated into one series for the period 1734–2003 to form the Vestlandet composite series.The reconstruction method using terminal‐moraine sequences was tested against the modern instrumental Bergen series for the periods of moraine formations in front of the glaciers. The agreement with the instrumental series was good, with the mean difference for all periods being only 0.2 °C. Analyses of decadal variations in western Norway revealed three periods of low spring–summer temperatures: around 1740, in the first decade of the 19th century, and in the 1830s. These periods are well known from historic records as periods of starvation, during which the use of bark bread became common. Copyright © 2003 Royal Meteorological Society
The effect of geomorphological setting on Holocene lake sediment variability, northern Swedish Lapland
Authors: Rubensdotter L. , Rosqvist G. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractComparison of catchment geomorphology and lithostratigraphical analysis of sediments in two small neighbouring alpine lakes show that the minerogenic influx into the lakes has varied significantly during the Holocene, despite similarities in environmental setting. One lake contains a homogeneous organic‐rich sediment sequence whereas the sediment of the other lake is laminated and has a higher minerogenic content. X‐ray radiographs are used to visualise lithostratigraphical structures and provide high‐resolution density data.We find that moderate differences in geomorphology and process activity in the lakeshore region around alpine lakes can significantly affect the lake sediment composition. Minerogenic sediment accumulation rates vary strongly over time, owing to different depositional processes, which complicate temporal reconstructions. We also find that non‐glacial processes deposit minerogenic sediment layers with similar characteristics (high density, low organic content) as layers interpreted as having a glaciofluvial origin. This has implications for palaeoclimate studies based on proglacial lacustrine sediment.Our results indicate that erosion of surface sediments in the catchments characterised the early Holocene. A low and constant minerogenic inflow indicates that stable environmental conditions (with little fluvial erosion) were established in the catchments during the middle Holocene. The variability in sediment composition increased again in the late Holocene, possibly as a result of short‐term climate fluctuations superimposed on a general climate deterioration trend. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.