bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anasūyā A Pativratā with Panache
Authors: Aklujkar Vidyut 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Like holy rivers, great myths travel through time and region to acquire volume and substance. Some currents undergo total transformation, some disappear in the course of time, and others survive with remarkable consistency, coupled with creativity. Myths about pativratiis-virtuous women faithful to their husbands-are a unique feature of Indian mythology. The names of five pativratiis are woven together in a slokal to be recited at the beginning of the day in order to remember their stories daily. Some stories are connected with ritual practices or vratasZ to rejuvenate them by constant retellings and ritual rememberance. Even without such mnemonic aids, the portrait of a powerful ancient pativratli, Anasii.ya, has enjoyed longevity and veneration in the pan-Indian memory. The present paper focuses on her story. There are three interrelated strata noticeable in the myths connected with Anasii.ya: epic, purii7:ic, and folkloric or vernacular. Roughly speaking, these cover a time span of more than two thousand years. I propose to explore the evolution of the Anasii.ya myth through all three lores. My plan is to analyze the composite character of Anasii.ya as it emerges from the myths in order to understand the dynamics of the myth’s resilience. In the process, I shall highlight traditional interpretations of the role of a pativratli to delineate the tenacity of the myths about pativratiis and their attraction for the Indian psyche. The concept of pativratya,-faithfulness to husband-has recently received a lot of flak as a passive, negative one crystallizing women’s subjugation through centuries. I do not deny the negative potential of the concept or its age-old manipulation by the interested parties toward mindless indoctrination of the female, but I would like to investigate actual portraits of a pativratli in literature to analyze the complexity of the concept and the implicit traditional interpretations of it that often go unnoticed.
“The Wildering Gloom”
Authors: Verma Chapla 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Women’s Place in Buddhist History The position of women in Buddhism, especially during its early days, has always been a source of great debate. The written records of Buddhism, including authoritative Buddhist texts, have in general presented a negative image of women-for instance, in that the saiigha places nuns at a lower level than the monks. However, this kind of portrayal in Buddhist literature is in conflict with the philosophy propounded by the Buddha and appears to be a reflection of contemporary social relationships rather than a philosophical justification of the patriarchal control of women.
CandrāvatI Rāmāyana Feminizing the Ramā-Tale
Authors: Bose Mandakranta 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Nabaneeta Dev Sen Prelude “My name is Kamalama. I come from the village Mainla in Manikota Taluk. It is painful to tell the story of my life. My mother was a slave in the house of some landlords. By then three generations had existed like this. My mother, her mother and grandmother had all been slaves in the landlords’ house. They say my grandmother’s name was Venkattamma.”1
For Our Native Sisters The Wesleyan Ladies’ Auxiliary in India
Authors: Bose Sarika P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
They are in bitter bondage; chains, stronger than iron, fetter them, and forbid them to rise. Knowing this, shall not we as Christians work more diligently, and pray, more earnestly and believingly, “Thy Kingdom Come”?! Several modem scholars have commented on the imperialist matemalism with which British women in India treated Indian women, a trend that lasted from the nineteenth century well into the twentieth.Z This matemalism was a complex construct: on the one hand, British women deplored the devouring Indian mother and, on the other hand, posited the Indian woman as a child who needed a (British) mother to set her straight. The Indian woman became a kind of blank subject, who could be visualized in a variety of ways. The thousands of British women who went out to India to serve went ostensibly to take up the “white woman’s burden”3 and to serve the colonial peoples the empire had taken into its protection. They succeeded, at the same time, in reinforcing British self-conceptions of superiority. At every encounter, the Indian woman could be seen as the negative of the “positive” British values. The creation of the female Indian identity by those who were not Indian resulted in a reading of Indian femaleness based on ignorance of the various languages of Indian values. However sympathetic they intended to be, the interpreters of Indian identity were ultimately restricted to their personal value bases.
Exploring Tradition and Change among Women in Marathi Culture
Authors: Chitnis Suma 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In India today, efforts to fathom the traditions in which women’s attitudes and values are rooted and to identify the influences that shape their behavior and their consciousness have led to the exploration of all kinds of source materials in the vernacular languages. Mythology, folklore, folk songs, oral and documented history, different forms of literature, and other wirtings in the regional languages are being avidly explored. Administrative and judicial records, historical archives, newspapers, and magazines in the regional language are being researched and studied. There is a related effort to examine and understand the meanings of local and regional forms of recreation, festivals, custom, ritual, and practices.
Postcolonial Identity as Feminist Fantasy A Study of Tamil Women’s Short Fiction on Dowry
Authors: Bose Mandakranta 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Canada in 1996, an Indian man’s massacre of almost all of his ex-wife’s family in the British Columbia town of Kelowna was immediately misrepresented in the media as a fatal consequence of the Indian system of arranged marriages, so that the incident was portrayed as something other than family violence and as indicating an Indian cultural pathology. The Inda-Canadian community stepped in to correct this misrepresentation and argue that the perpetrator of violence was operating from within patriarchal ideologies common to most cultures, including those of the West. However, for the West, even feminist studies departments, Indian dowry culture continues to function as the vehicle for a Western imperialist epistemology of India as its Third World “other.” The Indian nation’s central meanings are deliberately and reductively quilted to the experiences of the Indian woman’s body to produce an India that is culturally retrogressive and, more particularly, to represent its culture in sexual metaphor as a masculinity that is always-already pathologically inadequate in its greed and brutal perversity and as always-already less than masculine. This discourse has entailed the West’s willful refusal to recognize Indian women’s response to the dowry system as intending subjects of resistance and also to misrecognize one aspect of Indian culture as the representative of the whole. This burden-the excessive meaning that the dowry system is made to bear as signifier-is also made possible by the West’s imaginary perception of the dowry system as present everywhere in India and in the self-same form; in actual fact, dowry practices occur in specific pockets of the country and involve different activities, sometimes generating meanings for women that are other than disempowerment. For instance, in some southern parts of India, as well as in the diaspora, women are given control over their dowry money, and it is not unheard of for them to use this money for additional education.
Remembering Actions and Words
Authors: Nilsson Lars-Goran 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the beginning of the 1980s, a new experimental paradigm for studying remembering and memory was developed. This paradigm seemed to produce results that were not only different with respect to levels of performance in comparison to that obtained in verbal memory experiments but also revealed data suggesting that other laws, principles, or rules might be at work. Empirical phenomena that are reliably obtained in verbal learning experiments were not obtained when using this new paradigm.
Source Monitoring: Attributing Mental Experiences
Authors: Mitchell Karen J , Johnson Marcia K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To understand the problems that source monitoring research and theory address, consider the implications of a cognitive system that is capable of construction and reconstruction that is, capable of generating information on its own and integrating information from multiple sources. Constructive and reconstructive processes that interpret, embellish, transform, and synthesize experiences are powerful engines for comprehension and creativity, but the potential cost is distorted memories and beliefs (e.g., Bartlett, 1932/1995; Bransford & Johnson, 1973; Neisser, 1967).
Memory and Theory of Mind
Authors: Ferner Josef 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“Theory of mind” is primarily a label for the research area that investigates the conceptual system that underlies our ability to impute mental states (what we know, think, want, feel, etc.) to others and ourselves. The study of these concepts is essential for our understanding of memory insofar as memory is not just storage of information, but is also dependent on knowledge of our own information-storage processes. In Tulving and Madigan’s (1970) words we should “start looking for ways of experimentally studying and incorporating into theories ... of memory one of the truly unique characteristics of human memory: its knowledge of its own knowledge” (p. 477). To have such higher order knowledge one needs a concept of knowledge and other mental states. Memory development should, therefore, be seen in the light of the acquisition of mental concepts-that is, the child’s growing theory of mind.
Remembering Life Experiences
Authors: Neisser Ulric , Libby Lisa K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Two-thirds of a century have passed since Frederic Bartlett (1932) criticized standard research methods in memory as irrelevant to human life. “The psychologist, whether he uses experimental methods or not, is dealing, not simply with reactions, but with human beings. Consequently the experimenter must consider the everyday behavior of the ordinary individual, as well as render an account of the responses of his subjects within a laboratory” (p. 12). Despite Bartlett’s trenchant critique, it was not until the 1980s that the ecological study of memory-especially memory for life events-began to develop as a recognizable subdiscipline in its own right. The goal of this chapter is to provide a brief overview of that discipline’s achievements.
Memory for Emotional Events
Authors: Schooler Jonathan W , Eich Eric 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
How, if at all, do emotions influence memory for personal events? This basic question has had a longstanding and contentious history, particularly with respect to recollections of events charged with negative emotion such as sadness, shock, or terror. Discussions of the impact of strong negative emotions on memory have typically been focused within one of three research domains: eyewitness memory, flashbulb memory, and memory for traumatic experiences. Though each of these literatures has developed its own set of paradigms and idiosyncratic discussions, all three converge in their central focus on two controversial issues: (1) whether emotion enhances or diminishes the strength of memory for an event, and (2) whether special mechanisms are required to account for the effects of emotion on memory.
The Medial Temporal Lobe and the Hippocampus
Authors: Zola Stuart M , Squire Larry R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“In 1954 Scoville described a grave loss of recent memory which he had observed as a sequel to bilateral medial temporal resection in one psychotic patient and one patient with in tractable seizures. In both cases ... removals extended posteriorly along the medial surface of the temporal lobes ... and probably destroyed the anterior two-thirds of the hippo campus and hippocampal gyms bilaterally, as well as the uncus and amygdala. The unexpected and persistent memory deficit which resulted seemed to us to merit further investigation.”
From Maser to Laser
Authors: Townes Charles H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Fired up to put masers to work in radio astronomy, I returned to my old office at Columbia in the fall of 19 5 6. Two excellent graduate students went to work on the project with me, Joe Giordmaine, from Canada, and Lee Alsop. The work also soon drew in Frank Nash, who studied the type of electron resonances that were needed, and Arno Penzias, who came along a little later to work on a more advanced maser.
‘‘The Judge in Charge at the Time” Rabbinic Authority as Divine Command
Authors: Berger Michael S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Torah, viewed by the tradition as the unadulterated revelation of God, is the most appropriate place to begin our inquiry. If the Sages’ authority can be portrayed as an instance of divinely sanctioned authority, then our subject is in fact a secondary one, relying on the fundamental axiom of divine authority. The weight of our analysis will rest solely on showing that it was indeed the talmudic Sages who were so authorized to interpret and legislate for all time.
Ordination Standing in the Sandals of Moses
Authors: Berger Michael S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As we saw in chapter 3, the effort to portray the Sages as a continuation of the Sanhedrin was successful only to a limited degree. The idea was comprehensive enough to include both judicial and legislative functions and could even sustain broader geographical parameters beyond Jerusalem, but it ran aground as soon as the talmudic Rabbis ceased to be configured in the institutional framework of a collective body abiding by established procedures of decision making. Com pared to the Tannaim in the land of Israel, who could realistically be conceived as functioning together as a single organ, the Palestinian, but especially the Babylonian, Amoraim are portrayed much more individualistically; the Talmud shows the Amoraim working in multiple academies with distinct and differing traditions. Assuming that the anonymous apodictic laws in the Mishnah represent the majority’s view, the Babylonian Gemara in contrast is not a record of col lective decisions.
The Divinely Guided Sages
Authors: Berger Michael S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the introduction to part II, we pointed out that no matter which model of personal qualification we might explore, the basic “job description” remained the same: the clarification, elaboration, and furtherance of God’s covenant with the Jewish people. All who could, for various reasons, fulfill this critical function would be deemed authoritative in the context of Jewish law. The last chapter claimed that at least in the realm of Rabbinic exegesis, the Sages were able to “hear” what God was saying through the divinely authored text.1 By their expert training in the use of hermeneutical tools, they were able to discern God’s will because they knew how to read the text. In a figurative sense, God “continued to speak” through the words of the Torah.
The Authority of Publicly Accepted Practice
Authors: Berger Michael S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Throughout parts I and II, I have insisted that every theory that seeks to ground the Sages’ authority must make its case with respect to the various sorts of Rabbinic activity: transmission of oral traditions, biblical exegesis, and legislation. My analysis showed that in most cases, the model of Rabbinic authority under discussion was more suited to one of those activities than to others: scriptural interpretation may be a rule-governed enterprise requiring expertise or faithful transmission, whereas appropriate and effective legislation demands skills of a different sort. This circumscription of each theory to a specific domain hardly reflects its deficiency; rather, it is an indication of the rarely acknowledged multifarious nature of our subject, which may in fact force us to admit multiple, rather than single, grounds for Rabbinic authority.
On the Mantic Meaning of Incestuous Dreams
Authors: Grottanelli Cristiano 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Among the many aspects of ancient dream divination, the most problematic is surely the paradoxical quality of the mantic use of incestuous dreams. I have identified three main problems, one of which is common to dream divination in general, while the other two are specific to the interpretation of incestuous dreams. The first and more general problem was described by Angelo Brelich in his essay “The Place of Dreams in the Religious World Concept of the Greeks,” published in Roger Caillois’s and G. E. von Grunebaum’s The Dream and Human Societies. Though Brelich described the contents of ancient and modern dream books as a “chaos of absurdities” and spoke of “unrestrained folly” as inspiring such lore, I define this problem less dramatically as the existence of different, even of contrasting interpretations for similar dreams in the same corpus.
The Liminality and Centrality of Dreams in the Medieval West
Authors: Schmitt Jean-Claude 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Dreams-or more often their fleeting memory and reconstructed account (without which dreams could not exist in a social sense)-are universal. Also universal is the ambiguous status of dreams, fascinating and yet disturbing because they attest to an activity of the mind that takes place paradoxically at the very moment the person is submerged in a state of lethargy and inactivity often likened to death. Dreams are equivocal also because an individual perceives his or her own dreams as an entirely personal experience which nevertheless reflects a certain alienation, as if dreamed by another, and also somehow defamiliarizing faces of people who are otherwise familiar.1
Emotions and Values
Authors: Kupperman Joel J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The previous chapter pointed out that one indicator of what someone’s values are is that person’s emotions. We must, for example, have some tendency to see as good what we envy in others’ lives. The relation is reciprocal. If Bloggs thinks that being locked in a room is one of the worst experiences in the world, this (plus Bloggs’s sense that being locked in a room is a possibility) is good evidence for thinking that Bloggs is afraid of being locked in a room.
Are There Senses of Value?
Authors: Kupperman Joel J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Abroad use of the phrase “sense of value” is as an inclination to accept certain values. I will use the phrase more narrowly, adopting a more “cognitivist” interpretation of what a sense of value would be: it would be a mode of awareness of value. Is there such a thing? One possible answer, which cannot be readily dismissed, is “No”-for the simple reason that there is nothing to sense: that is, there are no facts of what is valuable, nor are there judgments of value that are correct in some “objective” sense. Many philosophers would accept this answer, in part because it seems so difficult to construct any argument for value-facts or for objectivity of values.
Hipparchos and the Rhapsodes
Authors: Shapiro H A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This essay deals with two conspicuous and disparate features of archaic Greece, tyrants and epic poetry, at a key moment when the two intersect. It is a rare instance in which not simply is a tyrant recorded as the patron of one or another famous poet, but the tyrant seems to have played a direct role in determining the form and shape of poems as they have come down to us - and not just any poems, but the Homeric Iliad and Odyssey. I propose to bring to bear some modest iconographical evidence on this nexus of thorny problems: Who were these rhapsodes of the sixth century? What exactly did they do at the Panathenaic festival in Athens, and when did they start doing it? And what did they contribute to the shaping of our Iliad and Odyssey? The main text related to my topic is well known, and I will present it briefly as a prologue to the evidence from vase painting. It occurs in a dialogue named Hipparchos, after the son of the tyrant Peisistratos and co-tyrant himself, with his brother Hippias, from the death of their father in 528. The dialogue has come down to us in the corpus of Plato; opinion nowadays generally considers it not by Plato, but by someone writing perhaps a generation after Plato’s death, still well within the fourth century.’ Though nominally a discussion of to philokerdes (love of profit) between Socrates and an unnamed interlocutor, the dialogue becomes, in the middle section, a kind of encomium of the enlightened tyrant Hipparchos. Here we learn, among other things, of Hipparchos’ strong literary bent (a judgment confirmed by Arist. Ath. Pol. 18.1), manifested in the celebrated poets he brought to Athens (Anakreon and Simonides), as well as the verses he himself composed to be carved on herms set up as road signs in the Attic countryside. Judging from the two examples quoted in the dialogue (229a-b), Simonides and Anakreon had no cause to fear Hipparchos as a rival.
It’s Murder to Found a Colony
Authors: Dougherty Carol 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
AETIOLOGICAL myths and legends - the births of heroes, cult origins, city foundations - have always fascinated the Greeks, and Plutarch sets the founding of Syracuse as the stage for the following drama of passion and politics: Melissos had a son named Aktaion, the most handsome and modest young man of his age. Aktaion had many suitors, chief among them Archias, a descendant of the Herakleidai and the most conspicuous man in Corinth both in wealth and general power. When Archias was not able to persuade Aktaion to be his lover, he decided to carry him off by force. He gathered together a crowd of friends and servants who went to Melissos’ house in a drunken revelry and tried to take the boy away. Aktaion’s father and friends resisted; the neighbors ran out and helped pull against the assailants, and, in the end, Aktaion was pulled to pieces and killed. The boys then ran away, and Melissos carried the corpse of his son into the marketplace of the Corinthians and displayed it, asking reparations from those who had done these things. But the Corinthians did nothing more than pity the man. Unsuccessful, Melissos went away and waited for the Isthmian festival at which time he went up to the temple of Poseidon and decried the Bakchiadai and reminded the god of his father Habron’s good deeds. Calling upon the gods, he threw himself down from the rocks. Not long after this, drought and plague befell the city. When the Corinthians consulted the god about relief, the god told them that the anger of Poseidon would not subside until they sought punishment for Aktaion’s death.
Royal Eulogy as World History
Authors: Ali Daud 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The practice of inscribing words onto metal or stone has had a long history in Europe, the Middle East, and Asia—a history that has always had complicated relationships with other sorts of textual production. In addition, the reading of these inscriptions has also had a history—at least as long as that of the inscriptions themselves. I stress this because I want to contend that the way scholars read and reproduced inscriptions is today neither self-evident nor timeless.