bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of relational factor in patient satisfaction with the treatment received by dental students
Authors: Macpherson Ignacio , Sanagustín Elisa , Roqué María Victoria , Giner‐Tarrida Lluís 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe study focused on the importance of the relational factor and empathy in the general satisfaction of patients for the treatment received by university dental students. To achieve this objective, a tool capable of evaluating the most humanistic dimensions (empathy, kindness, trust) in the development of dental treatment has been designed.Materials and MethodsA review of the literature was carried out and, based on its findings, a questionnaire was designed to assess patient satisfaction with the dental student's empathy. It consisted of 20 questions and was completed by 80 patients. The questionnaire was subjected to a validation process using the Delphi method (content validity) and psychometric analysis (construct validity), through a principal components analysis (PCA).ResultsThe results of the PCA showed the existence of four components that suggest grouping the 20 questions into three blocks with a sequential structure, in which the questions would describe the patient's satisfaction throughout their treatment: reception and explanation of the treatment; development and progress of treatment; and expectations and completion of treatment. In each of these blocks, satisfaction was determined by a specific humanistic dimension: communication, trust and benevolence.ConclusionThe validated questionnaire is an effective tool to analyse the relational factors that determine patient satisfaction in a treatment. Furthermore, the analysis of the questionnaire suggests that communication, trust and benevolence are elements that acquire singular importance throughout the care process. This analysis is essential for the acquisition of humanistic skills by future professionals and to optimize the dentist‐patient relationship.
Protein therapeutics as an emerging strategy to deal with skin cancer: A short review
Authors: Kulshrestha Sunanda , Goel Anjana 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCancer has turned into a global menace with an exponential increase in the rate of death every year. Amongst all forms of cancers, skin cancer is the one becoming more common day by day because of the increased exposure to ultraviolet rays, chemicals, pollutants, etc. Skin cancer is of three types namely basal cell, squamous cell and melanoma which is one of the most aggressive forms of cancer with a low survival rate and easy relapse. Melanoma is also notorious for being multi‐drug resistant which accounts for its low survival rates in it. Many kinds of therapeutics are been practiced in the contemporary world, but among them, protein therapeutics is been emerging as a promising field with multiple molecular pathway targets that have revolutionized the science of oncology. Proteins acts as small‐molecule targets for cancer cells by binding to the cell surface receptors. Proteins including bromodomain and extra‐terminal domain (BET) and some toxin proteins are been tried on for dealing with melanoma targeting the major pathways including MAPK, NF‐κB and PI3K/AKT. The protein therapeutics also targets the tumour microenvironment including myofibrils, lymphatic vessels etc., thus inducing tumour cell death. In the review, several kinds of proteins and their function toward cell death will be highlighted in the context of skin cancer. In addition to this, the review will look into the inhibition of the function of other inflammatory pathways by inflammasomes and cytokines, both of which have a role in preventing cancer.
One‐dimensional atrous conv‐net based architecture for automatic diagnosis of epilepsy using electroencephalography signals and its brain–computer interface applications
Authors: Handa Palak , Gupta Muskan , Gupta Esha , Goel Nidhi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPrecise monitoring and diagnosis of epilepsy by manual analysis of EEG signals are challenging due to the low doctor‐to‐patient ratio, and shortage of medical resources. To automate this diagnosis in real‐time, EEG based Brain–Computer Interface (BCI) system with integration of artificial intelligence techniques will prove to be propitious. This work proposes an end‐to‐end, one‐dimensional atrous conv‐net‐based architecture for automatic epilepsy diagnosis using EEG signals with a conceptual framework of the EEG‐BCI system for routine monitoring and clinical use. The proposed architecture has a robust backbone of six blocks of atrous convolutional layers activated with exponential linear unit functions. The six blocks are followed by the addition of a long short‐term memory layer for automatic feature extraction and sequential EEG data analysis. The efficacy of the proposed architecture has been verified on three publicly available EEG datasets using various evaluation metrics, feature maps, test set evaluation, and ablation studies. An average training and validation accuracy of 96.16% and 90.80% has been achieved upon multiple runs for the three datasets. Ablation experiments indicate that the addition of each block contributed to increasing 17%–25% accuracy scores during the classification of epileptic and non‐epileptic EEG signals. The real‐time EEG‐BCI has been analyzed using weight optimization of the proposed architecture through the NVIDIA Tensor RT framework on a 40 GB DGX A100 NVIDIA workstation. The proposed architecture has generalized well in comparison with the existing techniques for the three EEG datasets and achieved a low training and validation loss with optimum evaluation metrics. This makes the proposed architecture suitable for future EEG‐BCI system deployment in the automatic diagnosis of epilepsy.
Impact of out‐of‐plane constraint on creep crack growth behavior of M174+ aluminum alloys by nano‐computed tomography (CT)
Authors: Guo Zhimin , Guo Qi , Chen Dahui , Huang Kuidong , Qi Zicheng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNano‐computed tomography (nano‐CT) was utilized to assess the three‐dimensional information on inner damage and reveal the impact and mechanism of out‐of‐plane constraint on creep crack growth (CCG). Experimental findings revealed that stress levels (C* value) altered the impact and mechanism of out‐of‐plane constraint levels on CCG rates. In the lower C* region related to actual serving conditions, the increase in the level of out‐of‐plane constraint accelerated the CCG rates, which could be attributed to a change in the creep fracture mode from creep ductile fracture to creep brittle fracture. Elevated stress levels enlarge the creep deformation and plastic deformation as well as promote the coalescence of holes and propagation of creep cracks, thereby increasing the CCG rates.
Corporate insiders’ exploitation of investors’ anchoring bias at the 52‐week high and low
Authors: Lasfer Meziane , Ye Xiaoke 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe find that insiders adopt dissimulation strategies to conceal their informational advantage and trade profitably when their firms’ stock prices reach 52‐week highs and lows, exploiting the anchoring biases of uninformed investors. Insiders’ trading profitability depends on their firms’ future stock returns, operating efficiency, and investment sentiment, but not on earnings surprises. We document that male board members and insiders with long investment horizons are more likely to use dissimulation strategies. Overall, we provide evidence that insiders benefit from these price extremes, despite their status as publicly available, irrelevant, historical price levels that normally should not predict future stock returns.
Ethical conference economies? Reimagining the costs of convening academic communities when moving online
Authors: Bastian Michelle , Flatø Emil Henrik , Baraitser Lisa , Jordheim Helge , Salisbury Laura , van Dooren Thom 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOnline conferences are widely thought to reduce many of the costs of convening academic communities. From lower carbon emissions, lower fees, less difficulty in attending (particularly for marginalised researchers), and greater accessibility, virtual events promise to address many of the issues that in‐person events take for granted. In this article, we draw on a community economies framing from geographers J.K. Gibson‐Graham to argue for centring the work of convening within efforts to explore reparative possibilities within the academy. Reflecting on the changing costs arising from moving an originally in‐person conference series online, we argue for embracing the opportunities offered. We explore how organising teams might enact alternative values through allocating the material, financial and labour resources traditionally spent for these events differently. We look particularly at how our carbon and financial costs changed, and how, by retaining a fee, we were able to allocate our budgets in ways which redistributed the surplus to participants in need (rather than bolster conference centre profits). We then explore what these changing costs meant in terms of our attendance levels across career stages and geographical locations. Looking at whether our experiment resulted in increased support for online events, we examine the continued ambivalence felt for the virtual. Finally, while we largely explore the benefits of online options, our last section urges caution over assumptions that this move will result in a more sustainable academia, particularly given the intensifications surrounding high quality streaming video, and suggest that we treat current trends as ongoing experiments, rather than solutions.
Multimorbidity, consisting of a combination of chronic diseases and geriatric syndromes, predicts the risk of difficulty in discharge home in older patients admitted to acute care hospital
Authors: Iwakiri Rika , Hamaya Hironobu , Nakayama Tomohiro , Kataoka Ai , Murano Yoko , Okawa Teiki , Araki Atsushi 
Published: November 2023

AimTo determine whether multimorbidity, consisting of chronic diseases and geriatric syndromes, is associated with home discharge difficulties in older patients.MethodsA total of 522 older adults (mean age: 85 ± 7 years) who were admitted to an acute care hospital were enrolled. Multimorbidity was assessed by calculating the number of 16 chronic conditions (CCs): 8 chronic diseases (cardiac diseases, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, respiratory diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, anemia, dementia, and Parkinson disease) and 8 geriatric syndromes (depression, constipation, chronic pain, polypharmacy, dysphagia, underweight, hypoalbuminemia, and functional limitations). The patients were divided into four groups based on the number of CCs. The outcome was difficulty in discharging home (transfer to other facilities or in‐hospital death). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess independent associations between four CC groups and failure to discharge home after adjusting for age, sex, living alone, and Barthel index and odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated.ResultsOf the 522 patients, 18.8% were transferred to other facilities or died. The proportion of poor outcome in those with 0–2, 3–4, 5–6, and ≥7 CCs was 4.4%, 14.8%, 25.5%, and 37.5%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis after adjusting for covariates revealed that multimorbidity increased the risk of difficulty in discharging home (OR, 2.9 [95% CI, 1.1–8.0] for 3–4 CCs; OR, 4.9 [95% CI, 1.8–13.5] for 5–6 CCs; OR, 8.7 [95% CI, 3.1–24.6] for ≥7 CCs).ConclusionMultimorbidity, consisting of chronic diseases and geriatric syndromes, predicted difficulty in discharge home in older patients. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 300–305.
Recurrence of Helicobacter pylori following successful eradication and clinical outcomes in Korean patients
Authors: Lim Na Rae , Kim Jiyoung , Chung Woo Chul 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground/AimsHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infections can recur as either recrudescence or reinfection. At a time when the decline in the eradication rate is becoming evident, increases in the rate of recurrence are concerning. In addition, there are no guidelines for selecting an eradication regimen for H. pylori recurrence.Materials and MethodsA total of 996 H. pylori‐infected patients treated with proton‐pump inhibitor‐based triple eradication therapy between 2017 and 2022 were enrolled in the study, and successful eradication therapies were confirmed by the 13C‐urea breath test. When retested within 1 year after successful eradication, analysis related to recrudescence was performed, and when retested after 1 year, analysis related to reinfection was performed. We reviewed the medical records and treatment outcomes of patients with H. pylori reinfection after successful eradication.ResultsThe recrudescence rate was 3.9% (9/228), and the reinfection rate was 3.7% (36/970 person‐year). The frequency of reinfection reached 5.9% per person‐year within the first 24 months and 2.0%–2.4% per person‐year thereafter. In multivariate factor analysis, reinfection was significantly higher in patients with non‐ulcer dyspepsia (p < 0.01). At first‐line therapy for reinfection, the eradication rate of standard triple therapy (STT) was 50.0% (16/32). The eradication rate of second‐line bismuth quadruple therapy was 81.3% (13/16), and levofloxacin‐based rescue therapy was 66.7% (2/3).ConclusionRe‐treatment of patients with H. pylori reinfection with STT had limited efficacy. Prospective research is needed to determine whether patients with non‐ulcer dyspepsia are vulnerable to reinfection.
The Gladstone–Dale relation: Applications in oxide glasses
Authors: Tsekrekas Elizabeth M. , Clare Alexis G. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Gladstone–Dale relation is among one of the many formulae put forward in the 19th century to try and relate the index of refraction and density of a material. Compared to other relations of the time, the Gladstone–Dale relation is advantageous as it is relatively simple to use. It has been suggested that the Gladstone–Dale relation can be used as a reliable way to calculate the index of refraction for oxide glasses because of the additive nature of the relation, making it ideal for glass compositions. The reliability of the Gladstone–Dale relation with regards to its use in glass science has been explored. Various oxide glass systems that use different network formers, conditional network formers, modifying oxides, and dopants have been obtained from the literature to determine the reliability of the relation with regards to index‐of‐refraction calculations. The benefits and faults of the relation are discussed, and it was found that it is not universally applicable for all glass compositions.
The effect of Dictyophora indusiata, oats and Polygonatum kingianum on the physicochemical properties and in vitro digestion of pizza crust
Authors: Chen Kejun , Brennan Charles , Brennan Margaret , Cheng Guiguang , Li Lin , Qin Yuyue , Chen Haiyan 
Published: November 2023

SummaryA high‐glycaemic index diet can lead to elevated blood glucose levels and chronic diseases. In this study, Dictyophora indusiata powder, oats powder and Polygonatum kingianum powder were substituted for some wheat flour to make pizza crust. The aim was to investigate the effects of the three powders on the chemical composition, physical quality, antioxidant properties, in vitro digestibility of starch and sensory characteristics of pizza crust. The addition of the three powders enhanced the nutritional value of the pizza crust, especially the dried Dictyophora indusiata flour and oats powder were rich in dietary fibre and protein, the three powders also increased the total phenolic content (214%) and antioxidant activity (ABTS+185%, DPPH30.5%) of the pizza crust and improved the shelf‐life of the pizza crust. In addition, the three powders increased the slowly digestible starch (25.9%) and decreased the reducing sugar levels and hydrogenation index, and expected glycaemic index of the pizza crust compared to the control group. The results suggest that the three powders could be used as functional ingredients to enhance the nutritional value and lower the glycaemic index of pizza crusts. This study provides new ideas for the development of nutritious and hypoglycaemic functional bakery products.
CCR5 promoter region polymorphisms in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Schauren Juliana da Silveira , de Oliveira Amanda Henrique , Consiglio Camila Rosat , Monticielo Odirlei André , Xavier Ricardo Machado , Nunes Natália Schneider , Ellwanger Joel Henrique , Chies José Artur Bogo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study investigated the impacts of CCR5 promoter region polymorphisms on the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by comparing CCR5 genotypes and haplotypes from SLE patients with ethnically matched controls. A total of 382 SLE patients (289 European‐derived and 93 African‐derived) and 375 controls (243 European‐derived and 132 African‐derived) were genotyped for the CCR2‐64I G > A (rs1799864), CCR5‐59353 C > T (rs1799988), CCR5‐59356 C > T (rs41469351), CCR5‐59402 A > G (rs1800023) and CCR5‐59653 C > T (rs1800024) polymorphisms through polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism and direct sequencing. Previous data from CCR5Δ32 analysis was included in the study to infer the CCR5 haplotypes and as a possible confounding factor in the binary logistic regression. European‐derived patients showed a higher frequency of CCR5 wild‐type genotype (conversely, a reduced frequency of Δ32 allele) and a reduced frequency of the HHG*2 haplotype compared to controls; both factors significantly affecting disease risk [p = .003 (OR 3.5, 95%CI 1.6–7.5) and 2.0% vs. 7.2% (residual p = 2.9E − 5), respectively]. Additionally, the HHA/HHB, HHC and HHG*2 haplotype frequencies differed between African‐derived patients and controls [10% vs. 20.5% (residual p = .003), 29.4% vs. 17.4% (residual p = .003) and 3.9% vs. 0.8% (residual p = .023), respectively]. Considering the clinical manifestations of the disease, the CCR5Δ32 presence was confirmed as a susceptibility factor to class IV nephritis in the African‐derived group and when all patients were grouped for comparison [pcorrected = .012 (OR 3.0; 95%CI 3.0–333.3) and pcorrected = .0006 (OR 6.8; 95%CI 1.9–24.8), respectively]. In conclusion, this study indicates that CCR5 promoter polymorphisms are important disease modifiers in SLE. Present data reinforces the CCR5Δ32 polymorphism as a protective factor for the development of the disease in European‐derived patients and as a susceptibility factor for class IV nephritis in African‐derived patients. Furthermore, we also described a reduced frequency of HHA/HHB and an increased frequency of HHC and HHG*2 haplotypes in African‐derived patients, which could modify the CCR5 protein expression in specific cell subsets.
Tregs protect against invariant NKT cell‐mediated autoimmune colitis and hepatitis
Authors: Venken Koen , Decruy Tine , Sparwasser Tim , Elewaut Dirk 
Published: November 2023

AbstractImmunomodulatory T cells play a pivotal role in protection against (auto)immune‐mediated diseases that open perspectives for therapeutic modulation. However, how immune regulatory networks operate in vivo is less understood. To this end, we focused on FOXP3+CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, two lymphocyte populations that independently regulate adaptive and innate immune responses. In vitro, a functional interplay between Tregs and iNKT cells has been described, but whether Tregs modulate the function and phenotype of iNKT cell subsets in vivo and whether this controls iNKT‐mediated autoimmunity is unclear. Taking advantage of the conditional depletion of Tregs, we examined the in vivo interplay between iNKT and Treg cells in steady state and in preclinical models of liver and gut autoimmunity. Under non‐inflamed conditions, Treg depletion enhanced glycolipid‐mediated iNKT cell responses, with a general impact on Type 1, 2 and 17 iNKT subsets. Moreover, in vivo iNKT activation in the absence of Tregs suppressed the induction of iNKT anergy, consistent with a reduction in programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD‐1) expression. Importantly, we unveiled a clear role for an in vivo Treg‐iNKT crosstalk both in concanavalin A‐induced acute hepatitis and oxazolone‐induced colitis. Here, the absence of Tregs led to a markedly enhanced liver and gut pathology, which was not observed in iNKT‐deficient mice. Taken together, these results provide evidence for a functional interplay between regulatory T cell subsets critical in controlling the onset of autoimmune disease.
The Abeer Children Dental Anxiety Scale (ACDAS) cross‐cultural adaptation and validity of self‐report measures in the Malaysian Children Context (MY‐ACDAS)
Authors: Manan Nor Malina , Musa Sabri , Nor Mariani M. D. , Saari Che Zarrina , Al‐Namankany Abeer 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe Abeer Children Dental Anxiety Scale (ACDAS) source language was developed and validated in an English‐speaking country in the UK to measure dental anxiety among children. The ACDAS also included the child's cognitive assessment, as well as feedback from the parent or the legal guardian and a dental health professional (DHP). This is the first study to validate the application of the ACDAS in Malay or Bahasa Melayu for children aged 6–16 years.AimTo assess the Malay‐translated version of the ACDAS, postadaptation into the local context and validation by the content and construct experts.DesignThe English ACDAS was translated into Malay first through forward translation and then through backward translation. The prefinal translated version of the instrument was designed, with the participation of 61 children and 61 parents or legal guardians. Subsequently, a final cross‐cultural adaptation of the instrument was then made for another group of participants and evaluated for validity and test–retest reliability among 144 children and 144 parents or legal guardians participating in the self‐report feedback process at the Paediatric Dental Clinic, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The cross‐cultural adaptation of the instrument considered translating to Malaysian national language and adapting to its culture.ResultsThe Malay‐translated ACDAS consisted of 19 items. The translated version of Malaysian‐ACDAS (MY‐ACDAS) achieved an acceptable agreement between six expert committee members with an internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha value, αconsistency) of 0.839. The test–retest reliability results of all participants support semantic and conceptual equivalence as an accepted construct validity between the children, parents and DHPs across the multicultural Malaysian population.ConclusionThe MY‐ACDAS is a valid and reliable scale for measuring dental anxiety among Malaysian children.
Beyond Ideals of Friendship
Authors: Keller Simon 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTWhat makes a friendship a good friendship? One way of answering that question, taken by Aristotle and many philosophers since, is to describe an ideal friendship, and then say that a friendship is a good friendship insofar as it resembles the ideal. An ideal of friendship, so presented, is intended to capture the qualities that all good friendships share, regardless of who the friends are and regardless of their circumstances. This approach to good friendship, I argue, fails to capture the variety of good kinds of friendship and the role of friendship in real human lives. I propose an alternative approach, on which a good friendship is one that improves the lives of the friends by bringing to those lives some of the many disparate values especially associated with friendship. On this view, there are many forms of good friendship, often mutually incompatible; no single kind of friendship is a model for all others; and the point of friendship is to improve the lives of humans as they are, with all their distinguishing weaknesses, limitations, and needs.