bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling dosimetric benefits from daily adaptive RT for gynecological cancer patients with and without knowledge‐based dose prediction
Authors: Ghimire Rupesh , Moore Lance , Branco Daniela , Rash Dominique L. , Mayadev Jyoti S. , Ray Xenia 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPurposeDaily online adaptive radiotherapy (ART) improves dose metrics for gynecological cancer patients, but the on‐treatment process is resource‐intensive requiring longer appointments and additional time from the entire adaptive team. To optimize resource allocation, we propose a model to identify high‐priority patients.MethodsFor 49 retrospective cervical and endometrial cancer patients, we calculated two initial plans: the treated standard‐of‐care (InitialSOC) and a reduced margin initial plan (InitialART) for adapting with the Ethos treatment planning system. Daily doses corresponding to standard and reduced margins (DailySOC and DailyART) were determined by re‐segmenting the anatomy based on the treatment CBCT and calculating dose on a synthetic CT. These initial and daily doses were used to estimate the ART benefit (= DailySOC‐DailyART) versus initial plan differences (= InitialSOC–InitialART) via multivariate linear regression. Dosimetric benefits were modeled with initial plan differences () of (cc), (Gy), and (Gy). Anatomy (intact uterus or post‐hysterectomy), DoseType (simultaneous integrated boost [SIB] vs. single dose), and/or prescription value. To establish a logistic model, we classified the top 10% in each metric as high‐benefit patients. We then built a logistic model to predict these patients from the previous predictors. Leave‐one‐out validation and ROC analysis were used to evaluate the accuracy. To improve the clinical efficiency of this predictive process, we also created knowledge‐based plans for the ΔInitial plans () and repeated the analysis.ResultsIn both and our multivariate analysis showed low R2 values 0.34–0.52 versus 0.14–0.38. The most significant predictor in each multivariate model was the corresponding ∆Initial metric (e.g., Bowel (V40 Gy), p < 1e−05). In the logistic model, the metrics with the strongest correlation to the high‐benefit patients were (cc), (Gy), , and prescription. The models for original and knowledge‐based plans had an AUC of 0.85 versus 0.78. The sensitivity and specificity were 0.92/0.72 and 0.69/0.80, respectively.ConclusionThis methodology will allow clinics to prioritize patients for resource‐intensive daily online ART.
An MRI assessment of mechanisms underlying lesion growth and shrinkage in multiple sclerosis
Authors: De Meo Ermelinda , Prados Carrasco Ferran , Brown J. William L. , Coles Alasdair J. , Cunniffe Nick G. , Jolly Amy E. , Kanber Baris , Samson Rebecca , Barkhof Frederik , Chard Declan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the pathological mechanisms contributing to white matter (WM) lesion expansion or contraction and remyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS).MethodsWe assessed 1,613 lesions in 49 people with relapsing–remitting MS in the CCMR‐One bexarotene trial (EudraCT 2014‐003145‐99). We measured lesion orientation relative to WM tracts, surface‐in gradients and veins. Jacobian deformation was used to assess lesion expansion over 6 months, while magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) imaging was used to assess remyelination.ResultsAt baseline, 33% of lesions were aligned with veins, 2% along WM tracts, 0% with surface‐in gradients, and 4% orthogonal to veins. No significant differences were observed in lesion shape, while lesions aligned with surface‐in gradients and with veins had lower volume compared to all remaining orientations. At follow‐up, 13% of lesions expanded and 7% contracted. The directions for both expansion and contraction were 18% and 8%, respectively, along WM tracts, 20% and 15% parallel to veins, 22% and 23% orthogonal to veins and 0% and 1% along surface‐in gradients. Bexarotene had no effect on lesion expansion or contraction, but MTR significantly increased in lesions aligned with surface‐in gradients and veins.InterpretationLesion expansion and shrinkage are affected by venous and WM tract factors, but these do not influence bexarotene's capacity to promote remyelination. This, instead, appears to be affected by surface‐in factors. To limit lesion expansion and maximize tissue repair, multiple processes may need to be targeted.
Ultrasensitive and Fast Gas Detection Based on Room‐Temperature Indium Arsenide Mid‐Wavelength Infrared Photodetectors
Authors: Dong Yi , Duan Shikun , Long Siyu , Jiang Yu , Ma Xinyu , Fang Yueyue , Liu Jinjin , Wu Hao , Li Tangxin , Jiang Xiaoyong , Chen Shouheng , Hu Shuhong , Fu Xiao , Chen Xiaolong , Chen Fansheng , Miao Jinshui , Hu Weida 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCombustible hydrocarbon gases, typified by methane, are invisible, odorless, and imperceptible, yet they pose significant hazards to human safety and the environment. Therefore, monitoring these gases is crucial in managing and mitigating potential hazards. Here, a gas sensing system is proposed based on the non‐dispersive infrared absorption spectroscopy (NDIR) technique. Its core component is a home‐built indium arsenide (InAs) semiconductor mid‐wavelength infrared photodetector. By material growth and device structure optimization (a peculiar potential barrier layer is designed to form a heterojunction and suppress diffusion carriers), the InAs‐based photodetectors show a low‐noise performance of 1.62 × 10−12 A·Hz−1/2 and a record high room‐temperature detectivity of 2.1 × 1010 cm·Hz1/2·W−1 with superior response speed of <40 ns. The sensing system, therefore, gains an ultra‐sensitive (<1 ppm) and fast (≈350 ms) gas detection capability of methane compared to current NDIR equipment. The method used in this study paves an avenue for designing ultrasensitive NDIR systems based on photovoltaic devices and provides a new paradigm for highly integrated gas sensing hardware.
Toward Scalable Synthesis of Mo2C/MoNi4 Heterojunction Catalysts on Ni Mesh via Laser Radiation for Efficient H2 Production in Alkaline Electrolysis
Authors: Zhao Hongwei , Zhu Shengli , Cui Zhenduo , Li Zhaoyang , Wu Shuilin , Xu Wence , Gao Zhonghui , Liang Yanqin , Ma Lili , Jiang Hui 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe alkaline electrolysis is the dominant production method for hydrogen since non‐noble Ni metals can be used as catalysts. The low activity of the commercial nickel mesh (NM) electrodes remains a considerable obstacle to reducing energy consumption for water splitting. Conducting surface modification on commercial NM is a promising tactic to improve the hydrog enevolution reaction (HER) intrinsic activity of NM catalysts. Herein, Mo2C/MoNi4 heterojunction coating on the NM substrate via a laser Radiation strategy is designed. The results indicate that the Mo2C8.5/MoNi4/NM delivers an extremely low overpotential to trigger HER (η10 = 49.5 mV) processes and maintains a stable overpotential for 100 h in alkaline media. The experimental and theoretical calculations reveal that the downshifted d‐band center of Ni in MoNi4 caused by two‐phase heterojunction can regulate the free energy of reactive intermediates adsorption & desorption, thereby accelerating the entire HER process. This work will open up an avenue for developing highly efficient Ni‐based heterostructured electrocatalysts for commercial HER electrode application.
Designing Robust Quasi‐2D Perovskites Thin Films for Stable Light‐Emitting Applications
Authors: Khan Sharmistha , Shrestha Reshna , Jin Mengru , Kim Doyun , Chen Guan‐Lin , Li Ruipeng , Gu Yijia , Tu Qing , Ahn Namyoung , Nie Wanyi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractQuasi‐2D perovskite made with organic spacers co‐crystallized with inorganic cesium lead bromide inorganics is demonstrated for near unity photoluminescence quantum yield at room temperature. However, light emitting diodes made with quasi‐2D perovskites rapidly degrade which remains a major bottleneck in this field. In this work, It is shown that the bright emission originates from finely tuned multi‐component 2D nano‐crystalline phases that are thermodynamically unstable. The bright emission is extremely sensitive to external stimuli and the emission quickly dims away upon heating. After a detailed analysis of their optical and morphological properties, the degradation is attributed to 2D phase redistribution associated with the dissociation of the organic spacers departing from the inorganic lattice. To circumvent the instability problem, a diamine is investigated spacer that has both sides attached to the inorganic lattice. The diamine spacer incorporated perovskite film shows significantly improved thermal tolerance over maintaining a high photoluminescence quantum yield of over 50%, which will be a more robust material for lighting applications. This study guides designing quasi‐2D perovskites to stabilize the emission properties.
Nucleation‐Controlled Crystallization of Chiral 2D Perovskite Single Crystal Thin Films for High‐Sensitivity Circularly Polarized Light Detection
Authors: Wang Lin , Hao Wei , Peng Boyu , Ren Jie , Li Hanying 
Published: January 2025

Abstract2D Dion−Jacobson (DJ) chiral perovskite materials exhibit significant promise for developing high‐performance circularly polarized light (CPL) photodetectors. However, the inherently thick nature of DJ‐phase 2D perovskite single crystal limits their ability to differentiate CPL photons with the two opposite polarization states. In addition, the growth of DJ‐phase perovskite single crystal thin films (SCTFs) has proven challenging due to the strong interlayer electronic coupling. Here, a nucleation‐controlled strategy is employed to grow a novel DJ‐phase perovskite [(R/S)‐3APr]PbI4 [(R/S)‐3APr = (R/S)‐3‐Aminopyrrolidine] SCTFs with large area, low thickness and hence high aspect ratios. Structural and photoluminescence analyses reveal that introducing the divalent organic cations into the perovskite framework reduce the interlayer distance, resulting in low exciton binding energy. This facilitates charge separation and transport. The resulting SCTF photodetector showcases excellent detection performance with anisotropy factor for photocurrent as high as 0.65, responsivity of 1.97 A W−1, detectivity of 5.3 × 1013 Jones, and 3‐dB frequency of 2940 Hz, demonstrating its potential as a promising candidate for CPL‐sensitive photodetectors. This novel approach, therefore, provides a framework for the growth of DJ‐phase perovskite SCTFs and advances their applications in sensitive CPL photodetection.
Nanomagnetism Triggering Carriers Double‐Resistance Conduction and Excellent Flexible Thermoelectrics
Authors: Ke Shaoqiu , Nie Xiaolei , Wei Ping , Li Longzhou , Liu Chengshan , Xu Wenjie , Chen Tiantian , Liang Dong , Ye Xianfeng , Zhu Wan‐Ting , He Danqi , Liu Mingrui , Ying Jianjun , Chao Yimin , Zhao Wen‐Yu , Shi Jing , Chen Xianhui , Zhang Qingjie 
Published: January 2025

AbstractNanomagnetism may enable electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient to be decoupled and can potentially lead to remarkable enhancements in thermoelectric (TE) performance, however, their physical mechanisms have not been explored. Herein, it is shown that the nanomagnetism from Fe and Fe3O4 nanoparticles embedded in Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3/epoxy flexible films can lead to the carriers splitting into spin‐up and spin‐down conductive branches with different resistances and mobilities due to the exchange interaction between the spin of carriers and the nanomagnetism. The double‐resistance conduction of carriers may well explain the decoupling of electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient and their simultaneous enhancements in the thermo‐electro‐magnetic flexible films. It is further shown that the maximum dimensionless figure of merit of the thermo‐electro‐magnetic flexible films reaches between 1.2 and 1.4 at room temperature, and their five‐level cascaded device based on the films achieves a temperature drop of 3.1 K through in‐plane heat dissipation, making a new record for printing flexible TE films and devices. The double‐resistance conduction of carriers also reveals a deep physical mechanism for magneto‐enhanced TE performance of bulk thermoelectrics.
Advancing Room‐Temperature Magnetic Semiconductors with Organic Radical Charge Transfer Cocrystals
Authors: Li Tingting , Fu Siyao , Ding Shuaishuai , Wang Lingsong , Li Shuyu , Zhang Dong , Ke Yunzhe , Sun Shiyue , Sun Lingjie , Zhang Xiaotao , Hu Wenping 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDeveloping purely organic room‐temperature magnetic semiconductors has been a long‐sought goal in the material community toward the simultaneous control of spin and charge. Organic cocrystals, known for their structural versatility and multifunctionality, are ideal candidates for these magnetoelectric coupling applications. However, organic room‐temperature magnetic semiconductor cocrystals have rarely been reported, and their mechanisms remain poorly understood due to the complexity of cocrystal structures. Here, doping organic cocrystals with radicals offers a promising strategy for boosting their magnetism and conductivity while maintaining their cocrystal structures. The fluoranthene‐7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane radical (FA‐HTCNQ•) is constructed through a simple, rapid, and eco‐friendly solution‐processing approach. The conductive FA‐HTCNQ• exhibits excellent room‐temperature ferromagnetism with the coercive fields of 96 Oe and the Curie temperature near 400 K, superior to its structural‐identical undoped counterpart. Meanwhile, the room‐temperature magnetoelectric coupling is demonstrated in the conductive FA‐HTCNQ•. The stronger ferromagnetism and conductivity in organic cocrystals are attributed to the enhanced charge‐transfer (CT) interactions induced by radicals, rather than the spin exchange interactions between these radicals alone. The research manifests the origin of ferromagnetism in organic cocrystals and provides a simple strategy to fabricate pure organic room‐temperature magnetic semiconductor materials for future integrated magnetoelectric devices.
Fluid Control of Dip Coating for Efficient Large‐Area Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Jianqiu , Zheng Zhong , Ke Yubin , Wang Yafei , Liu Xiaoyu , Ye Long , Zhang Shaoqing , Zhang Maojie , Hou Jianhui 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAs a classical low‐cost technique, dip coating has not been used for printable electronics. Here, the study demonstrates large‐area organic solar cells can be made by dip coating. The correlation is revealed among Van der Waals forces in precursor film, aggregation state of polymer, and fibrous orientation in active layer; the relationship is also expounded between fluid mechanics of the confined liquid in polymer scaffold and the continuity of the acceptor phase. By controlling the fluid characteristics, the ideal nanoscale bicontinuous interpenetrating network forms. As a result, the 1.0 cm2 rigid and 10.0 cm2 flexible cells exhibit efficiencies of 17.9% and 13.7%, respectively. Moreover, the method for predicting the optimal coating speed for the dip coating of given inks is proposed. Overall, this work not only demonstrates the superiority of dip coating for organic solar cell fabrication but also provides guidance for its application in printable electronics.
Dimensional Regulation of Organic n‐Type Dopants for Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules
Authors: Liu Cong , Zuo Chen , Xue Qifan , Lin Dongxu , Liu Tao , Luo Jun , Huang Hao , Chen Kai , Gao Yanyan , Zeng Jie , Zhang Yong , Xu Baomin , Yang Tao , Mai Yaohua , Zou Bingsuo , Brabec Christoph J. , Hu Xiaotian 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA strong n‐type perovskite layer is crucial in achieving high open‐circuit voltage (VOC) and power conversion efficiency (PCE) in the p‐i‐n solar cells, as the weak n‐type perovskites result in a loss of VOC, and the p‐type perovskites contain numerous electron traps that cause the severe carrier recombination. Here, three types of perylene diimide (PDI) based small molecule dopants with different dimensions, including 1D‐PDI, 2D‐PDI, and 3D‐PDI are designed, to produce heavier n‐type perovskites. The PDI‐based molecules with Selenium atoms have a strong electron‐donating ability, effectively enlarging the quasi‐Fermi level splitting within the perovskites. Besides, the PDI molecules can coat the surface of the perovskite crystal to form the lattice cage through their conjugate skeletons, which passivates the trap states and improves the n‐doping efficiency, as well as the stabilities of perovskites and related devices. With the addition of the 2D‐PDI, the small‐area solar cells achieved a PCE of 26.06% (25.44% certified) with a high VOC of 1.18 V and a remarkable fill factor of 87.23%. Furthermore, the rigid and flexible perovskite solar modules yielded high PCEs of 21.48% and 20.71%, respectively. This dimensional regulation strategy provides useful guidance for effective n‐type doping and high‐performance p‐i‐n solar cells.
Woven Cement Slurry
Authors: Xu Chengji , Yang Rijiao , Wen Rongjia , Dai Yuqing , Lu Xiaohan , Fang Sen , Peng Yu , Zhang Zhidong , Zhou Chunsheng , Zeng Qiang , Li Qinghua , Xu Shilang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWeaving, a pivotal technique in human construction activities since the Neolithic era, remains unattainable in modern concrete construction. Here, a novel particle‐polymer coalescence strategy is proposed, which involves electrostatic, bridging, coordinating, and hydrogen bonding interactions, to establish balanced particle cohesion, enabling the fabrication of stretchable cement slurry. The bending, knotting, coiling, winding, and interlacing of cement filaments for structural textiles is successfully realized beyond traditional formwork casting, grouting, and 3D‐printing, and fabricate the first‐ever Chinese knot woven with cement. Weaving construction builds a triaxially cross‐penetrating structure that greatly promotes interlayer strength and toughness by ≈208.5% and 676.5% compared to the state‐of‐the‐art layer‐by‐layer 3D printed structure. These findings not only make a breakthrough in concrete construction technology but also provide solutions for fabricating multi‐directional woven structures with great engineering‐application potentials.
Isolated Metal Centers Activate Small Molecule Electrooxidation: Mechanisms and Applications
Authors: Hu Yanmin , Chao Tingting , Dou Yuhai , Xiong Yuli , Liu Xiangwen , Wang Dingsheng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractElectrochemical oxidation of small molecules shows great promise to substitute oxygen evolution reaction (OER) or hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) to enhance reaction kinetics and reduce energy consumption, as well as produce high‐valued chemicals or serve as fuels. For these oxidation reactions, high‐valence metal sites generated at oxidative potentials are typically considered as active sites to trigger the oxidation process of small molecules. Isolated atom site catalysts (IASCs) have been developed as an ideal system to precisely regulate the oxidation state and coordination environment of single‐metal centers, and thus optimize their catalytic property. The isolated metal sites in IASCs inherently possess a positive oxidation state, and can be more readily produce homogeneous high‐valence active sites under oxidative potentials than their nanoparticle counterparts. Meanwhile, IASCs merely possess the isolated metal centers but lack ensemble metal sites, which can alter the adsorption configurations of small molecules as compared with nanoparticle counterparts, and thus induce various reaction pathways and mechanisms to change product selectivity. More importantly, the construction of isolated metal centers is discovered to limit metal d‐electron back donation to CO 2p* orbital and reduce the overly strong adsorption of CO on ensemble metal sites, which resolve the CO poisoning problems in most small molecules electro‐oxidation reactions and thus improve catalytic stability. Based on these advantages of IASCs in the fields of electrochemical oxidation of small molecules, this review summarizes recent developments and advancements in IASCs in small molecules electro‐oxidation reactions, focusing on anodic HOR in fuel cells and OER in electrolytic cells as well as their alternative reactions, such as formic acid/methanol/ethanol/glycerol/urea/5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) oxidation reactions as key reactions. The catalytic merits of different oxidation reactions and the decoding of structure–activity relationships are specifically discussed to guide the precise design and structural regulation of IASCs from the perspective of a comprehensive reaction mechanism. Finally, future prospects and challenges are put forward, aiming to motivate more application possibilities for diverse functional IASCs.
Giant Capacitive Energy‐Storage in BaTiO3‐Based Fine‐Grained Relaxors via Local Polarization Enhancement
Authors: Chen Yige , Zhu Zhentao , Zhu Lifeng , Xu Juping , Luo Huajie , Li Hao , Yin Wen , Liu Laijun , Zhang Ji , Liu Hui , Chen Jun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPb‐free dielectric energy storage capacitors are core components in advanced pulse‐power electronic systems and devices. However, the relatively low energy density (Wrec) for the industrial pillar BaTiO3 (BT)‐based capacitors remains a significant obstacle for their cutting‐edge applications, due to their low intrinsic polarization and breakdown strength (EB). Herein, through chemical composition and local structure design, a giant Wrec of 15.1 J cm−3 along with a high efficiency (η) of 85% is demonstrated in a BT‐based relaxor bulk ceramic. This is achieved by introducing rare A‐site polarization enhancement substitution (Bi0.5Na0.5)2+ ions in combination with B‐site fastest relaxation alternative (Zn1/3Nb2/3)4+ ions to enhance local polarization and refine grain structure. Atomic‐level local structure analysis has revealed that the diversified atomic polar displacement vectors, characterized by largely extended magnitude and heterogeneous directions, assemble into highly polarizable clusters at several unit‐cells scale. Consequently, it exerts a large polarization difference (ΔP) of 49 µC cm−2 and a high EB of 90 kV mm−1. Moreover, a giant power density (677 MW cm−3), high discharge energy density (3.9 J cm−3), and excellent stability are achieved. This study overcomes the current Wrec bottleneck of ≈10 J cm−3 in BT‐based bulk ceramics, presenting an approach to optimize the energy storage performance of Pb‐free relaxors.
Beta‐Lactoglobulin for Water‐Based and Tunable Nanostructure Templating of Printed Titania Thin Films: The Influence of pH Value and Protein Concentration
Authors: Huber Linus F. , Sun Kun , Reus Manuel A. , Weindl Christian L. , Heger Julian E. , Roth Stephan V. , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAn environmentally friendly as well as scalable synthesis route of nanostructured titania thin films is of interest for many state‐of‐the‐art devices, from solar cells to battery materials. Beta‐lactoglobulin (ß‐lg) enables water‐based and tunable titania thin film templating, allowing for different domain sizes, porosities, and morphologies. When printed with a slot‐die coater, the titania films can be tailored to specific applications with simple changes to the solution chemistry. Films printed at acidic pH conditions form significantly different final morphologies than films printed at a neutral pH value. The protein concentration plays a more limited role in the final nanostructure. With in situ grazing incidence small‐angle/wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (GISAXS/GIWAXS), the structure formation is followed with an excellent time resolution during the printing process. From the GISAXS measurements, the size evolution of the titania clusters is understood, showing significant differences for different pH values. Crystal phases and corresponding crystal orientations are investigated with GIWAXS. The combination of a water‐based titania synthesis with the scalable film deposition via slot die coating makes the presented results interesting for potential environmentally friendly mass production of nanostructured titania films.