bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blanket bogs exhibit significant alterations to physical properties as a result of temporary track removal or abandonment
Authors: Williams‐Mounsey Jessica , Crowle Alistair , Grayson Richard , Lindsay Richard , Holden Joseph 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTemporarily consented tracks made from high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) mesh have been used to mitigate both the physical and ecological impacts on peatlands from low‐frequency vehicle usage. However, the impacts of mesh track removal or abandonment at the end of the consented period remain poorly understood. Over a 2‐year period, we studied replicate sections of abandoned mesh track which, at the start of the experiment, had been unused for approximately 5 years, on a UK blanket bog. Some sections were removed (using two treatment methods – vegetation mown and unprepared), whereas others were left in situ. Metrics were compared both between treatments and to undisturbed reference areas. Significant differences in surface soil moisture were found between abandoned and removed tracks depending on season. Control areas had higher volumetric soil moisture than track locations. Compaction was significantly higher across all track locations in comparison to controls (p < 0.001), but rarefaction was not recorded post‐removal, suggesting long‐term deformation. Overland flow events were recorded in rut sections for a mean of 16% of the time, compared to <1% in control areas. Sediment traps on the tracks collected 0.406 kg compared to 0.0048 kg from the control traps, equating to a per trap value of 7.3 g from track samplers and 0.17 g from control samplers. Erosion and desiccation features occurred on both removed and abandoned track sections. Both abandonment and removal of mesh tracks have a wide range of impacts on the physical properties of peatlands, suggesting that only where access is a necessity should such a track be installed.
Does hypoleptinemia trigger entrapment in anorexia nervosa? Etiological and clinical considerations
Authors: Hebebrand Johannes , Plieger Moritz , Milos Gabriella , Peters Triinu , Hinney Anke , Antel Jochen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBased on the recent observation that human recombinant leptin (r‐Met‐hu‐leptin; metreleptin) may induce a profound alleviation of the complex symptomatology of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), we examine the implications for our conceptualisation of this eating disorder. Hypoleptinemia as a core endocrine feature of AN serves as a central and peripheral trigger of tissue‐specific adaptations to starvation. In this narrative review, we argue that leptin deficiency may explain many of the puzzling features of this eating disorder. Weight loss can be viewed as a two‐step process, with only the second step entailing hypoleptinemia and thereby the entrapment characteristic of AN. We discuss the central and peripheral distribution of leptin receptors and consider possible functional implications of hypoleptinemia. We contrast the slow psychological recovery of patients with AN and of people who experienced starvation upon weight recovery with the rapid onset of improvements upon off‐label metreleptin treatment. Characteristics of the sex and age dependent secretion of leptin may contribute to the elevated vulnerability of young females to develop AN.
Semantic representations in inferior frontal and lateral temporal cortex during picture naming, reading, and repetition
Authors: Liuzzi Antonietta Gabriella , Meersmans Karen , Peeters Ronald , De Deyne Simon , Dupont Patrick , Vandenberghe Rik 
Published: February 2024

AbstractReading, naming, and repetition are classical neuropsychological tasks widely used in the clinic and psycholinguistic research. While reading and repetition can be accomplished by following a direct or an indirect route, pictures can be named only by means of semantic mediation. By means of fMRI multivariate pattern analysis, we evaluated whether this well‐established fundamental difference at the cognitive level is associated at the brain level with a difference in the degree to which semantic representations are activated during these tasks. Semantic similarity between words was estimated based on a word association model. Twenty subjects participated in an event‐related fMRI study where the three tasks were presented in pseudo‐random order. Linear discriminant analysis of fMRI patterns identified a set of regions that allow to discriminate between words at a high level of word‐specificity across tasks. Representational similarity analysis was used to determine whether semantic similarity was represented in these regions and whether this depended on the task performed. The similarity between neural patterns of the left Brodmann area 45 (BA45) and of the superior portion of the left supramarginal gyrus correlated with the similarity in meaning between entities during picture naming. In both regions, no significant effects were seen for repetition or reading. The semantic similarity effect during picture naming was significantly larger than the similarity effect during the two other tasks. In contrast, several regions including left anterior superior temporal gyrus and left ventral BA44/frontal operculum, among others, coded for semantic similarity in a task‐independent manner. These findings provide new evidence for the dynamic, task‐dependent nature of semantic representations in the left BA45 and a more task‐independent nature of the representational activation in the lateral temporal cortex and ventral BA44/frontal operculum.
Re Simplicity & Vogue Retailing (HK) Co Ltd [2023] HKCFI 1443 (HCCW 457/2022, 30 May 2023) (coram Linda Chan J) [case comment]
Authors: Tsui Kenneth Zealot 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe impact of an exclusive jurisdiction clause on a winding‐up petition is settled in the English and Singaporean common law jurisdictions. In Hong Kong, the matter has recently been decided in the case of Re Guy Kwok Hung Lam (2023) 26 HKCFAR 119. Nonetheless, a similar issue has been brought up again in the cases of Re Simplicity & Vogue Retailing (HK) Co Ltd [2023] HKCFI 1443 (HCCW 457/2022, 30 May 2023) (per Linda Chan J) and Re Shandong Chenming Paper Holdings Ltd [2023] HKCFI 2731 (HCCW 175/2017, 25 October 2023) (per Harris J). The different approaches adopted in the two cases have sparked on the correct appraoch to be adopted. This article briefly introduces the different appraoches and suggest that the correct approach is to stay a winding‐up petition in favour of an arbitration proceeedings launched purusant to an arbitration agreement.
Mechanistic Framework to Predict Maternal‐Placental‐Fetal Pharmacokinetics of Nifedipine Employing Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling Approach
Authors: Werdan Romão Marya Antônya , Pinto Leonardo , Cavalli Ricardo Carvalho , Duarte Geraldo , de Moraes Natália Valadares , Abduljalil Khaled , Moreira Fernanda de Lima 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNifedipine is used for treating mild to severe hypertension and preventing preterm labor in pregnant women. Nevertheless, concerns about nifedipine fetal exposure and safety are always raised. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a maternal‐placental‐fetal nifedipine physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model and apply the model to predict maternal, placental, and fetal exposure to nifedipine at different pregnancy stages. A nifedipine PBPK model was verified with nonpregnant data and extended to the pregnant population after the inclusion of the fetoplacental multicompartment model that accounts for the placental tissue and different fetal organs within the Simcyp Simulator version 22. Model parametrization involved scaling nifedipine transplacental clearance based on Caco‐2 permeability, and fetal hepatic clearance was obtained from in vitro to in vivo extrapolation encompassing cytochrome P450 3A7 and 3A4 activities. Predicted concentration profiles were compared with in vivo observations and the transplacental transfer results were evaluated using 2‐fold criteria. The PBPK model predicted a mean cord‐to‐maternal plasma ratio of 0.98 (range, 0.86‐1.06) at term, which agrees with experimental observations of 0.78 (range, 0.59‐0.93). Predicted nifedipine exposure was 1.4‐, 2.0‐, and 3.0‐fold lower at 15, 27, and 39 weeks of gestation when compared with nonpregnant exposure, respectively. This innovative PBPK model can be applied to support maternal and fetal safety assessment for nifedipine at various stages of pregnancy.
Efficient and selective separation of Re(VII), an analogue of Tc(VII), by a defective biochar with honeycomb‐like porous structure
Authors: Hu Hui , Yu Sizhuo , Wang Tian , Lv Chenguang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this study, a defective biochar with honeycomb‐like porous structure (BC‐PH) was successfully prepared by the activation of pristine biochar derived from bamboo shoot shell with the chemical reagent KOH, and was applied to selectively separate ReO4− (a chemical analogue for radioactive TcO4−) from acidic solutions.RESULTSThe diffusion, mass transfer and recovery for ReO4− could be significantly improved by the large specific surface area (SBET, 2412 m2 g−1) and high total volume (Vtot, 1.26 cm3 g−1) of BC‐PH. The influence of adsorbent dosage, system pH and coexisting ions with different valence states on the adsorption capability and selectivity of BC‐PH toward ReO4− was systematically investigated. BC‐PH exhibited high adsorption capacity and selectivity for ReO4− with a maximal sorption capacity (qm) of 73.11 mg g−1 at initial pH 2. By applying an analysis of kinetics and isotherm adsorption studies, the liquid film diffusion was verified to be the primary rate‐controlling step for the sorption of ReO4− and the multilayer adsorption process occurred on the heterogeneous surface of BC‐PH. Besides, the recovery of ReO4− using BC‐PH occurred in an exothermic and spontaneous manner according to thermodynamic analysis. Furthermore, an investigation of the adsorption mechanism suggested that pore filling and electron donor–acceptor interaction were mainly related to the removal of ReO4−.CONCLUSIONThese results suggest that BC‐PH has great potential for the application of TcO4− separation in consideration of its high adsorption capacity and selectivity. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Detection of peach soluble solids based on near‐infrared spectroscopy with High Order Spatial Interaction network
Authors: Qi Hengnian , Luo Jiahao , Chen Gang , Zhang Jianyi , Chen Fengnong , Li Hongyang , Shen Cong , Zhang Chu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundDue to the scalability of deep learning technology, researchers have applied it to the non‐destructive testing of peach internal quality. In addition, the soluble solids content (SSC) is an important internal quality indicator that determines the quality of peaches. Peaches with high SSC have a sweeter taste and better texture, making them popular in the market. Therefore, SSC is an important indicator for measuring peach internal quality and making harvesting decisions.ResultsThis article presents the High Order Spatial Interaction Network (HOSINet), which combines the Position Attention Module (PAM) and Channel Attention Module (CAM). Additionally, a feature wavelength selection algorithm similar to the Group‐based Clustering Subspace Representation (GCSR‐C) is used to establish the Position and Channel Attention Module‐High Order Spatial Interaction (PC‐HOSI) model for peach SSC prediction. The accuracy of this model is compared with traditional machine learning and traditional deep learning models. Finally, the permutation algorithm is combined with deep learning models to visually evaluate the importance of feature wavelengths. Increasing the order of the PC‐HOSI model enhances its ability to learn spatial correlations in the dataset, thus improving its predictive performance.ConclusionThe optimal model, PC‐HOSI model, performed well with an order of 3 (PC‐HOSI‐3), with a root mean square error of 0.421 °Brix and a coefficient of determination of 0.864. Compared with traditional machine learning and deep learning algorithms, the coefficient of determination for the prediction set was improved by 0.07 and 0.39, respectively. The permutation algorithm also provided interpretability analysis for the predictions of the deep learning model, offering insights into the importance of spectral bands. These results contribute to the accurate prediction of SSC in peaches and support research on interpretability of neural network models for prediction. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
HOW TO IMPROVE THE PATHWAY BETWEEN INTENTIONS AND RESULTS
Authors: Hunter Jeremy , Powell Lili 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe pathway between leadership intentions and results does not always unfold according to what you want, desire, or expect. As authors Hunter and Powell explain, “unconscious autopilot, blind spots, reactive emotions, or outworn mental models can divert your aim and set in motion a domino effect of inadequate choices, actions, and results.” As a remedy, they introduce the “Intention‐Results Map,” which defines interim steps that include Attention, Perception, Choices, and Actions. Applications of the map are illustrated through the story of “George,” a high‐profile financial advisor who struggles with a difficult client. Figures with questions for each step in the Intention‐Results Map provide practical guidance for readers. Together, the authors, Jeremy Hunter, a professor at the Peter F. Drucker Graduate School of Management, Claremont Graduate University, and Lili Powell, a professor at the University of Virginia Darden School of Business and School of Nursing, regularly share the Intention‐Results Map in their courses and programs to help participants breakdown and implement mindful leadership.
Evaluating the dissolution corrosion resistance of Hastelloy exposed to liquid lead‐bismuth eutectic at 500°C
Authors: Shi Jiajian , Huang Yuji , Chen Yingxue , Yuan Rui , Zhang Lijun , Zhang Feifei , Meng Fanqiang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe present study investigated the dissolution and oxidation corrosion behaviors of Hastelloy exposed to static liquid lead‐bismuth eutectic (LBE) at 500°C with an oxygen concentration of 1 × 10−6 mass%. Hastelloy exhibited better LBE corrosion resistance than the Monel alloy. Both dissolution and oxidation corrosion were observed in Hastelloy, and the maximum LBE penetration depth and spinel layer thickness in the corroded sample after 4000 h of exposure reached 120 ± 36 and 21 ± 12 µm, respectively. Annealing twin boundaries provided favorable paths of accelerated LBE penetration into the matrix, resulting in selective leaching of Ni. Microstructural characterization revealed that the spinel layer formed between penetrated LBE and base metal slowed down the elemental interdiffusion, thereby retarding the dissolution rate. Volumetric changes induced by LBE penetration promoted the formation of stacking faults and dislocations, which could provide more channels for elemental diffusion, leading to the propagation of dissolution attack.
Pre‐pregnancy BMI, rate of gestational weight gain, and preterm birth among US Pacific Islander individuals
Authors: Wu Bohao , Shabanova Veronika , Taylor Sarah , Hawley Nicola L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to examine the association between rate of gestational weight gain (GWG) and preterm birth (PTB) classified by pre‐pregnancy BMI among Pacific Islander individuals in the United States.MethodsPacific Islander mothers (n = 55,975) and singleton infants (22–41 gestational weeks) without congenital anomalies were included using data from the National Center for Health Statistics (2014–2018). PTB was compared by pre‐pregnancy BMI among women in each stratum of rate of GWG using Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsCompared with mothers with a rate of GWG within the guidelines, mothers with a rate of GWG below the guidelines and either pre‐pregnancy underweight (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.10–3.06), healthy weight (aHR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.15–1.65), obesity class I (aHR = 1.22, 95% CI: 0.97–1.52), or obesity class II (aHR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.05–1.96) had an increased risk of PTB; mothers with a rate of GWG above the guidelines and either pre‐pregnancy underweight (aHR = 1.57, 95% CI: 0.92–2.69) or obesity class II (aHR = 1.31, 95% CI: 0.98–1.76) had an increased risk of PTB.ConclusionsThe association between rate of GWG below or above the guidelines and PTB differs by pre‐pregnancy BMI among Pacific Islander individuals.
Preparation of flame retardant and thermal insulation polystyrene foams via high internal phase emulsion template
Authors: Chang Le , Lu Zhen , Hou Xu , Zheng Chenxuan , Liu Huarong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractExpanded polystyrene foam (EPSF), valued for its excellent insulation properties, faces a significant flammability challenge due to its cellular structure. Traditional flame retardant methods such as physical blending and layer‐by‐layer assembly have poor applicability to EPSF. Therefore, it is necessary to find other more effective methods for synthesizing flame‐retardant EPSF. The high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) template is one of the simplest and most commonly used methods for synthesizing porous materials, which have features such as adjustable pore structures and high porosity. In this work, ammonium polyphosphate (APP)/starch was added to the dispersed phase of the HIPE to prepare the flame‐retardant EPSF by one‐pot method. The morphology, thermal stability and flame retardancy of the foams were investigated. When the addition of APP/starch (the weight ratio is 1:1) reached 30 wt.%, the peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR), and total smoke release (TSR) of the composite foam decreased by 74.7%, 65.9%, and 24.7%, respectively, compared to the pure PS foam. Meanwhile, its limiting oxygen index (LOI) value reached 25.8%, and the UL‐94 rating reached V‐1 level, indicating significant improvement in flame retardancy. This study provides an effective strategy for synthesizing flame‐retardant porous materials.
Complications of atypical pneumonia: A case of Legionella longbeachae empyema
Authors: Samson Amy , Maze Michael J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLegionella longbeachae is the most common cause of Legionnaires' disease in Australasia. Legionella species are considered a rare cause of pleural infection, and empyema and lung abscess due to L. longbeachae has not previously been reported. Our patient presented with a 2–3 week history of breathlessness, lethargy, dry cough and headaches. Initial chest radiograph showed extensive left sided consolidation with an associated pleural effusion. An area of necrotising pneumonia evident on computed tomography scan evolved into a multiloculated intrapulmonary abscess. Sputum culture isolated L. longbeachae, which prompted culture of pleural fluid on buffered charcoal yeast extract agar and isolation of the organism. This case provides evidence that L. longbeachae can cause both empyema and lung abscess, and in areas where it is prevalent, increased use of Legionella specific agar for pleural fluid culture should be considered.
Opportunities and challenges for the application of artificial intelligence paradigms into the management of endemic viral infections: The example of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus
Authors: Farrag Ahmed N. , Kamel Ahmed M. , El‐Baraky Iman A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDespite the advent of direct‐acting antiviral agents (DAAs) as a definitive therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, the burden of the disease remains globally elevated. The emerging big data on different HCV paradigms fostered the introduction of artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) applications to help decrease that burden by providing more optimised strategies for early diagnosis and treatment prioritisation. The current review provides descriptive and analytical insight into the recently published AI/ML applications in five medical aspects of HCV infection. In addition, it highlights the opportunities these powerful tools offer in designing national health policies that prioritise HCV patients for the costly DAAs and developing broadly neutralising HCV antibodies. Finally, this paper highlights the challenges encountered in developing and applying these AI/ML models to clinical practice and suggests schemes to overcome some of them. The presented models were primarily evaluated using the Matthews correlation coefficient and the F1‐score to make a more reliable inference about their predictive power under imbalanced datasets. Many published AI/ML applications offered great utilities for predicting novel HCV treatments and prioritising patients for DAAs receipt, especially in settings of limited resources and high HCV burden. Some outperformed the classical diagnostic tools, such as third‐generation serological tests, alpha‐fetoprotein, and ultrasound, in detecting HCV infections and early HCV‐associated hepatocellular carcinoma, respectively. However, further statistical and clinical validation of AI/ML models is highly advocated before incorporating these applications into clinical practice.
Deep Learning-Based Localization Approach for Autonomous Robots in the RobotAtFactory 4.0 Competition
Authors: Klein Luan C. , Mendes João , Braun João , Martins Felipe N. , de Oliveira Andre Schneider , Costa Paulo , Wörtche Heinrich , Lima José 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAccurate localization in autonomous robots enables effective decision-making within their operating environment. Various methods have been developed to address this challenge, encompassing traditional techniques, fiducial marker utilization, and machine learning approaches. This work proposes a deep-learning solution employing Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to tackle the localization problem, specifically in the context of the RobotAtFactory 4.0 competition. The proposed approach leverages transfer learning from the pre-trained VGG16 model to capitalize on its existing knowledge. To validate the effectiveness of the approach, a simulated scenario was employed. The experimental results demonstrated an error within the millimeter scale and rapid response times in milliseconds. Notably, the presented approach offers several advantages, including a consistent model size regardless of the number of training images utilized and the elimination of the need to know the absolute positions of the fiducial markers.
Equivariant localization for AdS/CFT
Authors: Genolini Pietro Benetti , Gauntlett Jerome P. , Sparks James 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We explain how equivariant localization may be applied to AdS/CFT to compute various BPS observables in gravity, such as central charges and conformal dimensions of chiral primary operators, without solving the supergravity equations. The key ingredient is that supersymmetric AdS solutions with an R-symmetry are equipped with a set of equivariantly closed forms. These may in turn be used to impose flux quantization and compute observables for supergravity solutions, using only topological information and the Berline-Vergne-Atiyah-Bott fixed point formula. We illustrate the formalism by considering AdS5 × M6 and AdS3 × M8 solutions of D = 11 supergravity. As well as recovering results for many classes of well-known supergravity solutions, without using any knowledge of their explicit form, we also compute central charges for which explicit supergravity solutions have not been constructed.