bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Western Dietary Pattern Has The Highest Environmental Footprints Among Lebanese Adults: Findings From A Cross Sectional Study Among Lebanese Adults
Authors: Naja Farah , Jomaa Lamis , Itani Leila , Zidek Jeremy , Hwalla Nahla 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundThe recently released Sustainable Development Goals call for sustainable food consumption. Dietary patterns and Food‐Based‐Dietary‐Guidelines are being revisited and studied in terms of their sustainability in addition to their health implications. In this study we aim to evaluate and compare the Environmental Foot Print (EFP) of dietary patterns, including the Western and the Lebanese‐Mediterranean, prevalent among Lebanese adults.MethodsDietary patterns previously derived in a sample of Lebanese adults (n=337) included: Western, Lebanese‐Mediterranean and High‐Protein. In this study, these patterns were examined for their EFP including soil erosion, water use, energy use, Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions and economic cost. Metrics for these EFP were calculated using review of life cycle analyses (LCAs) on a functional unit of 1 kg of food consumed and analyzing the food supply chain from agriculture production to household consumption, including food waste. Whenever available, national and regional estimates were used. Retail food costs were obtained from cost of living statistics or listed prices at local grocery stores.ResultsResults of the multiple logistic regression showed that, compared to the Lebanese‐Mediterranean and the High‐Protein dietary patterns, a one‐unit increase in the previously derived Western pattern score led to highest odds of belonging to the third tertile of metrics for soil erosion (2.33 vs 1.56 and 1.38), water use (3.23 vs 1.26 and 1.73), GHG emissions (4.03 vs 1.78 and 2.81), and cost (3.51 vs 1.55 and 1.75). Reported odds are significant at p<0.05. Older age (>40 years) and females had lower estimates of GHG emissions and cost, while a university education level had lower values for water and energy use. Smokers had significantly higher values for the five EFP metrics.ConclusionsFindings of this study showed that, of dietary patterns prevalent among Lebanese adults, the Western had the highest EFP. Coupled to our earlier findings of this pattern's deleterious effects on obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome, this study lends evidence for the notion that what is unhealthy for people may also be unhealthy for ecosystems and underscores the importance to develop evidence‐based interventions to halt the nutrition transition which Lebanon and other countries around the globe are witnessing.Support or Funding InformationNone
Crosstalk between Lactobacillus reuteri and mammalian intestinal epithelium
Authors: Gsnesh Bhanu Priya , Hall Anne , Ayyaswamy Sriram , Fultz Robert , Versalovic James 
Published: November 2023

Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC PTA 6475, probiotic bacterium, with an intact hdc gene cluster is known to synthesize and secrete histamine, and can suppress inflammation in mammalian systems via specific activation of the type 2 histamine receptor (H2R). However, it is unclear how L. reuteri‐derived histamine avoids activation of inflammatory H1 receptors in the intestinal epithelium. In this work, we identified a soluble secreted isoform of diacylglycerol kinase (Dgk) from L. reuteri 6475. DGKs belong to a distinct, conserved family of intracellular lipid kinases that phosphorylate diacylglycerol (DAG), catalyzing its conversion into phosphatidic acid (PA). This reaction attenuates DAG levels in the cell membrane, modifying host intracellular signaling proteins that have evolved the ability to bind this lipid for activation. Histamine binding to H1R can cause phosphorylation of PKC via lipid DAG activation. We found that L. reuteri 6475 suppressed basal levels of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐6, IL‐1, Eotaxin (eosinophilic chemoattractant proteins) and G‐CSF in the luminal mucosa and in blood plasma. L. reuteri lacking dgkA expression could not suppress the aforementioned pro‐inflammatory biomarkers. In addition, we demonstrate for the first time that histamine synthesized by L. reuteri 6475 activates both H1 and H2 receptors, but Dgk synthesized by the bacterium terminates H1R downstream signaling. Inhibition of signaling downstream of H1R was shown by decreased levels of PKC phosphorylation of intestinal epithelium in wild‐type (WT) L. reuteri treated but not in ΔdgkA mutant treated germ‐free (GF) mice. In addition, we also recorded suppression of CD11b+Gr1+ Ly6Ghi immature myeloid cells (IMCs) after WT L. reuteri treatment. In line with mouse experiment PKC phosphorylation was reduced in human epithelial cells after treating the cells with L. reuteri derived conditioned media in vitro. L. reuteri suppress immune response by direct effects of the metabolite histamine and an enzyme diacylglycerol kinase that removes a pro‐inflammatory signal. As a next step we started looking at the effect of L. reuteri and the corresponding mutants in a DSS induced colitis mouse model with conventional microbiome.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (R01 AT004326, UH3 DK083990, and U01 CA170930), the NIH (National Institute for Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases)‐funded Texas Medical Center Digestive Diseases Center (DK56338), and unrestricted research support from BioGaia AB (Stockholm, Sweden) (J.V.).
Sex Differences in Snack Food Reinforcement in Response to Increasing Dietary Protein
Authors: Casperson Shanon L , Johnson LuAnn , Roemmich James N 
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUNDProtein is posited to play a dynamic role in energy balance and reward‐driven eating behavior. However, little is known about the effect of increasing protein intake on snack food reinforcement.OBJECTIVEWe sought to determine the extent to which increasing dietary protein changes the reinforcing value of snack foods in males and females.METHODSIn a randomized crossover study, 11 females (age = 25 ± 7y; BMI = 21 ± 2kg/m2) and 10 males (age = 22 ± 2y; BMI = 24 ± 2kg/m2) consumed a standard (15%) and high (30%) protein meal. Study visits were separated by at least one week and menstruating females were studied during the luteal phase (Days 15 – 20). Food reinforcement was assessed using a computer‐based choice task (operant responding with concurrent log2(x) reinforcement schedules) 4h post‐meal. Operant responding was ln‐transformed prior to analysis to reduce skewness. Highly‐palatable, energy‐dense sweet and savory foods, which are most often chosen as snacks, were used to assess food reinforcement. Hedonic (liking) ratings for snack foods used to assess food reinforcement were measured prior to the start of the study via a 10‐point visual analog scale.RESULTSHedonic ratings did not differ between the sexes for the snack foods. Snack food reinforcement was significantly greater in the males than females (p = 0.0477) and sweet snack foods were more reinforcing than savory snack foods (p = 0.0198). There were sex by dietary protein amount (p = 0.0348) and sex by snack food type (p < 0.0001) interactions for snack food reinforcement. Increasing dietary protein reduced food reinforcement, predominantly for the savory snack foods, in the females. Interestingly, food reinforcement in the males was not influenced by dietary protein or snack type. In addition, the reinforcing value of sweet foods did not differ between the sexes and was not influenced by changes in dietary protein.CONCLUSIONThese preliminary results show that increasing dietary protein influences food reinforcement differently in males and females. Understanding the differential effects of meal macronutrient composition on the reinforcing value of foods will provide important insight into psychophysiological mechanisms of snacking behavior.Support or Funding InformationUSDA‐ARS 3062‐51000‐051‐00D
Sustained Postprandial Muscle Protein Synthesis Rates after Protein Ingestion in Healthy Young Males
Authors: Burd Nicholas A. , van Vliet Stephan , van Loon Luc J.C. , Beals Joseph W. , Paluska Scott A. 
Published: November 2023

We determined the effect of ingesting a single meal‐like amount of protein on protein digestion and absorption kinetics and the subsequent time‐dependent regulation of postprandial muscle protein synthesis rates in vivo in humans. Seven healthy young males (age: 22±1 y, BMI: 24.8±1.2 kg/m2) received a primed continuous L‐[ring‐2H5]phenylalanine infusions and ingested 38 g intrinsically L‐[1‐13C]phenylalanine‐labeled milk protein concentrate. Biopsies were collected from the vastus lateralis in the basal‐state and 1, 2, 3, and 5 h after protein ingestion. Exogenous phenylalanine appearance in the circulation rapidly increased after protein ingestion (P<0.001). Dietary protein‐derived phenylalanine released in the circulation was 11±2% of the total intake within the first 1 h, followed by 14±1%, 12±1%, and 20±1% within the subsequent 1–2 h, 2–3 h, and 3–5 h of the postprandial period, respectively (total 56±4% over the 5 h period). Myofibrillar protein synthesis rates tended (P=0.10) to increase (absolute change from basal: 0.010±0.008 %/h) immediately following protein ingestion at 0–1 h. Myofibrillar protein synthesis rates were significantly increased at 1–2 h (0.035±0.012 %/h) and myofibrillar protein synthesis remained elevated between 2–3 h (0.019±0.005 %/h) and 3–5 h (0.016±0.004 %/h) after protein ingestion when compared to basal rates (all, P<0.05). Our results show that postprandial muscle protein synthesis rates rapidly increase after protein ingestion and remain elevated above baseline values for at least 5 hours after protein ingestion in healthy young males.Support or Funding InformationIllinois Campus Research Board
Whey protein protects muscle mass loss of older adults during 7 days of inactivity and accelerates recovery of aerobic fitness during rehabilitation
Authors: Arentson‐Lantz Emily J , Galvan Elfego , Wacher Adam , Paddon‐Jones Doug 
Published: November 2023

Older adults are at a greater risk for losing muscle mass and strength during inactivity. Many experience lasting impairments in physical function following an illness or injury that requires hospitalization. We hypothesize that providing older adults with a high quality protein during inactivity will partially preserve muscle mass and function during bed rest and promote recovery during rehabilitation. Up to this point in recruitment, men and women (12 male, 7 female) with an average age of 68.6 years old have been randomized and admitted to the Institute for Translational Sciences' Clinical Research Center for 7 days of bed rest followed by 7 days of inpatient rehabilitation. Dietary intake was strictly controlled and energy intake was calculated for subjects' level of activity. The protein composition of the subjects randomized to the control group (Mixed; n=10) was a mixture of moderate to high quality plant and animal protein. Subjects randomized to the whey group (Whey n=9) received 70% of their protein as whey protein isolate. We are assessing body composition using iDEXA, measuring muscle strength using isokinetic dynamometry, aerobic capacity via VO‐2‐ max testing. Preliminary findings indicate that consuming whey may slow the loss of lean leg mass (−1035 ± 167 vs. −709 ± 101 g for Mixed vs Whey), promote fat mass loss (−14 ± 92 vs. −407 ± 155 g for Mixed vs. Whey) during inactivity. Furthermore, consuming whey protein during rehabilitation accelerates recovery of relative VO2 max (−8.9 ±3.6 vs. 0.41 ± 3.65 ml/kg/min for Mixed vs. Whey).Support or Funding InformationThis research was supported by: Dairy Research Council, RO1 NR012973, and P30 AG024832.
Plasma Glutamine is a Minor Precursor for the Synthesis of Citrulline: a Multispecies Study
Authors: Marini Juan , Agarwal Umang , Didelija Inka C. , Azamian Mahshid S. , Stoll Barbara , Nagamani Sandesh C.S. 
Published: November 2023

Glutamine is considered the main precursor for citrulline synthesis in many species, including humans. The transfer of 15N from 2‐[15N] glutamine to citrulline has been used as evidence for this precursor‐product relationship. Research in mice, however, has shown that nitrogen and carbon tracers follow different moieties of glutamine and that glutamine contribution to the synthesis of citrulline is minor. It is unclear if this small contribution of glutamine is also true in other species, including humans. For this reason the current research was designed to determine the contribution of glutamine to citrulline production using nitrogen and carbon skeleton tracers in multiple species. Humans (n=4), pigs (n=5), rats (n=6), and mice (n=5), were infused with L‐2‐[15N] and L‐[2H5] glutamine, and L‐5,5‐[2H2] citrulline for 4 h. The contribution of glutamine to citrulline synthesis was calculated using different precursor‐product pairs: ‘glutamine M+1 to citrulline M+1’, ‘2‐[15N] glutamine to 2‐[15N] citrulline’ and ‘[2H5] glutamine to [2H5] citrulline’. Species specific differences in glutamine and citrulline fluxes were found (P < 0.001), with rats having the largest fluxes, followed by mice, pigs and humans (glutamine: 3789±162, 3228±89, 882±39, 423±25 μmol•kg−1•h−1 and citrulline: 198±11, 81±5, 47±3, 11±2 μmol•kg−1•h−1, respectively). The contribution of glutamine to citrulline estimated using ‘glutamine M+1 to citrulline M+1’ ranged from 88±8% in humans to 46±3% in pigs (rats= 57±3%; mice= 60± 4%). However, using 2‐[15N] glutamine and 2‐[15N] citrulline as precursor and product yielded values of 48±5% in humans and 28±2% in pigs (rats=35±3%; mice= 29± 4%). Furthermore, the use of ‘[2H5] glutamine to [2H5] citrulline’ yielded lower values (P < 0.001), resulting in a contribution of glutamine to the synthesis of citrulline of 10±1% in humans and 3±0.4% in pigs (rats=17±1%; mice= 14± 1%). In conclusion, the use of [15N] glutamine to determine the contribution of glutamine to the synthesis of citrulline yields higher values than the use of the deuterated tracer. This is due to the recycling of the 15N label and the non‐specific incorporation into any of the three nitrogen groups of citrulline. In contrast, the deuterated tracer follows the carbon skeleton of glutamine and for this reason provides a truthful estimate of the contribution of glutamine to the synthesis of citrulline. This work shows that glutamine is a minor precursor for the synthesis of citrulline in humans, pigs, rats and mice.Support or Funding InformationNIH R01 GM108940; NIH R03 HD078447; USDA/ARS 58‐3092‐5‐001
HDL‐Associated Proteins and LDL Differentially Modulate Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Cell Viability
Authors: Andersen Catherine J. , Murray Kristina , Ragonesi Nicholas , Doerr Adam , Cintron‐Rivera Layra , Dupree Lydia 
Published: November 2023

HDL has been shown to exert anti‐cancer effects. One of the mechanisms by which HDL impairs cancer cell growth is through mediation of cellular cholesterol and phospholipid efflux, thereby limiting the availability of essential lipids for rapidly proliferating cells. Cholesterol efflux is facilitated through interactions between cellular ATP‐binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and apolipopotein A1 (apoA1), in addition to efflux via ABCG1, scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR‐BI), and passive diffusion to lipidated HDL. Efflux can further be regulated serum amyloid A (SAA), a pro‐inflammatory acute phase protein shown to be elevated in cancer, infection, and obesity. Despite the ability of SAA to displace apoA1 on HDL, studies have reported SAA to both increase and decrease cholesterol efflux. In this study, we investigated the effects of lipoproteins (HDL and LDL) and HDL‐associated proteins (apoA1 and SAA) on chronic myelogenous leukemia cell viability. K562 cells were cultured in the presence of human HDL or LDL (10, 25, or 50 ug/mL) for 24 hours, then assessed for viability. While no changes in K562 cell viability were observed with HDL treatment, LDL dose‐dependently increased cell viability. We further examined the effects of lipoproteins on K562 viability in the presence of the liver X receptor (LXR) agonist TO901317 (5 uM), which is known to induce expression of HDL‐related transporters. Accordingly, we observed significantly increased expression of ABCA1 at 24hr and 72hr following TO901317 treatment. Interestingly, the addition of HDL to TO901317‐treated cells did not affect K562 cell viability, whereas LDL dose‐dependently increased viability. Conversely, treatment of cells with human‐derived apoA1 or HDL + apoA1 drastically reduced K562 cell viability after 48hr and 72hr. K562 cell viability was modestly decreased by SAA treatment, with greater decreases observed in cells treated with SAA + HDL. These findings suggest that HDL‐associated proteins and LDL differentially regulate chronic myelogenous leukemia cell viabilitySupport or Funding InformationThe Science Institute of the College of Arts and Sciences and Faculty Research Committee, Fairfield University
The Role of FADS1 and FADS2 Genes in Oleic Acid (18:1n‐9) Metabolism: FADS1 Δ7‐Desaturates Gondoic Acid (20:1n‐9, 11–20:1) to 7,11–20:2
Authors: Park Hi Kyu , Engel Matthew G. , Vogt‐Lowell Kyle , Lawrence Peter , Kothapalli Kumar , Brenna J. Thomas 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionIn mammals, FADS2 catalyzes “front‐end” Δ4‐, Δ6‐, and Δ8‐desaturation of fatty acyl chains, whereas FADS1 has Δ5‐desaturase activity. 18‐ and 20‐carbon precursors of highly unsaturated omega‐3 and omega‐6 fatty acids are common substrates for FADS1 and FADS2.Our main objective was to characterize the metabolic fate of oleic acid (OA) by FADS gene product.MethodsMCF‐7 cells were stably transformed with either FADS1 or FADS2 via pcDNA3.1 expression vector. A series of dose‐response experiments were conducted with albumin‐bound fatty acid substrates (18:1n‐9 and 20:1n‐9) provided in concentrations ranging from 0–100 μm. Cells were harvested after 24 h, fatty acid methyl esters were analyzed by GC‐FID and structures were confirmed by GC‐covalent adduct chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry (GC‐CACI‐MS/MS).ResultsWhen stable cells were incubated with 18:1n‐9, FADS1 and control cells elongated 18:1n‐9 ‐> 20:1n‐9, and FADS2 cells Δ6‐desaturated, elongated and then Δ5‐desaturated via FADS1‐coded activity in MCF7 cells: 9–18:1 ‐> 6,9–18:2 ‐>8,11–20:2 ‐>6,8,11–20:3 (20:3n‐9). Surprisingly, FADS1 cells Δ7‐desaturated 20:1n‐9 ‐> 7,11–20:2. Our results imply two pathways for oleic acid metabolism: 18:1n‐9 ‐> (Δ6‐desaturation) ‐> 18:2n‐9 ‐> (Elongation) ‐> 20:2n‐9 ‐> (Δ5‐desaturation) ‐> 20:3n‐9 and 18:1n‐9 ‐> (Elongation) ‐> 20:1n‐9 ‐> (Δ7‐desaturation) ‐> 7,11–20:2.ConclusionAlternative pathways for oleic acid metabolism exist, with the metabolic fate of OA dependent on the relative FADS2 or elongase activities. Additionally, we present the first evidence of Δ7‐desaturation via the FADS1 gene product.Support or Funding InformationNIH R01 AT007003
A Need to Analyze Radiolabeled Cholesteryl Ethers for Biological Stability before Use
Authors: Manual Denny Joseph Kollareth , Hansen Inge Holm , Deckelbaum Richard Joseph 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundRadiolabeled cholesteryl ethers are widely used as nonhydrolyzable tracers to label lipid emulsions and lipoproteins in a variety of in vitro and in vivo investigations. The stable ether bond is not cleaved by mammalian cellular enzymes, and ethers do not readily escape from cells. Hence, radiolabeled cholesteryl ethers accumulate in cells and organs to provide a cumulative marker of the uptake of emulsions and lipoproteins.AimTo compare the biological stability of two commercially available [3H]‐cholesteryl ethers: [3H]‐cholesteryl ether‐A (company A); [3H]‐cholesteryl ether‐ B (company B).MethodologyBiological stability of cholesteryl ether was determined in both in vitro and in vivo models using triglyceride (TG) emulsions labeled with [3H]‐cholesteryl ether. J774 A2 macrophages were incubated for 4 & 24 hrs with commercially available Intralipid labeled with [3H]‐cholesteryl ether‐A or [3H]‐cholesteryl ether‐B. Further, neonatal mice were intraperitoneally injected with laboratory made TG emulsions of docosahexaenoic acid (tri‐DHA) labeled with [3H]‐cholesteryl ethers. Lipids were extracted and hydrolysis of cholesteryl ethers were determined by radioactivity in the cholesteryl ester (CE) and free cholesterol (FC) bands after separation by thin layer chromatography (TLC).ResultsOn TLC, 87% of [3H]‐cholesteryl ether‐A was found at the TG region, while 96% of [3H]‐cholesteryl ether‐B was found at the CE region. Among cells exposed to Intralipid labeled with [3H]‐cholesteryl ether‐A, 14% of the label was found as FC at 4 hrs and 42% was found as FC at 24 hrs. Among cells exposed to Intralipid labeled with [3H]‐cholesteryl ether‐B, 93% of the label was in unhydrolyzed form at both 4 & 24 hrs. Among neonatal mice administered [3H]‐cholesteryl ether‐A labeled tri‐DHA emulsion, 48 % of the label was found as FC in liver at 4 & 24 hrs, while the label was found to be unhydrolyzed among animals injected with [3H]‐cholesteryl ether‐B labeled tri‐DHA emulsion.Conclusions[3H]‐cholesteryl ether‐A was catabolized to FC both in vitro and in vivo. FC, unlike cholesteryl ether, can then reenter the circulation leading to false results. Radiolabeled cholesteryl ethers need to be analyzed for biological stability before utilizing them for in vitro or in vivo experiments.
Glycovariations in Key HDL‐Associated Glycoproteins Differentiate Between Clinical Groups and Affect the Immunomodulatory Capacity of HDL
Authors: Zivkovic Angela M , Krishnan Sridevi , Shimoda Michiko , Sacchi Romina , Muchena John K , Luxardi Guillaume , Kaysen George A , Parikh Atul N , Ngassam Viviane , Johansen Kirsten , Chertow Glenn , Grimes Barbara , Smilowitz Jennifer T , Maverakis Emanual , Lebrilla Carlito B 
Published: November 2023

The goal of this pilot study was to determine whether HDL composition, particularly key HDL‐associated glycoproteins, affects HDL immunomodulatory function. HDL were purified from healthy controls (n=13), subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS) (n=13), and diabetic hemodialysis (HD) patients, who experienced an infectious hospitalization event within 60 days (HD+) (n=12), and those with no event (HD−) (n=12). Concentrations of HDL‐bound serum amyloid A (SAA), lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), apolipoprotein A‐I (ApoA‐I), apolipoprotein C‐III (ApoC‐III), α‐1‐antitrypsin (A1AT), and α‐2‐HS‐glycoprotein (A2HSG); and the site‐specific glycovariations of ApoC‐III, A1AT, and A2HSG were measured. Secretion of interleukin 6 (IL‐6) in stimulated monocytes was measured to assess HDL immunomodulatory capacity. HDL from HD patients were enriched in SAA, LBP, ApoC‐III, disialylated ApoC‐III (ApoC‐III2) and desialylated A2HSG. HDL that increased IL‐6 secretion were enriched in ApoC‐III, disialylated glycans 5402 and 5412 at multiple A1AT glycosites and desialylated A2HSG, and depleted in monosialylated ApoC‐III (ApoC‐III1). HDL from HD+ patients were enriched in SAA but had lower levels of sialylation across glycoproteins. Our results demonstrate that HDL composition, including the site‐specific glycosylations, differentiate between clinical groups, correlate with HDL's ability to modulate LPS‐induced monocyte IL‐6 response, and may be predictive of HDL's ability to protect from infection.Support or Funding InformationThis research project was supported by NIH R01GM049077 (CBL), the UC Davis Clinical and Translational Research Center NIH grant # UL1 TR000002 (AMZ), and by the Burroughs Wellcome Fund and a grant from the NIH 1DP2OD008752 (EM) contracts N01‐DK‐7‐0005 and N01‐DK‐7‐5004 from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) and a K24DK085153 grant.