bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concomitant Analysis of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Family in Esophageal Cancer: Overexpression of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor mRNA but Not of c‐erbB‐2 and c‐erbB‐3
Authors: Friess Helmut , Fukuda Akira , Tang Wen‐Hao , Eichenberger Adrian , Furlan Neva , Zimmermann Arthur , Korc Murray , Büchler Markus W. 
Published: August 2002

Abstract.The epidermal growth factor receptor family consists of four closely related transmembrane receptors: epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF‐R), c‐erbB‐2, c‐erbB‐3, and c‐erbB‐4. Overexpression of each receptor may lead to cell transformation and contributes to tumor progression in various malignancies. Although these factors have been analyzed in many cancers separately, little is known about their concomitant expression in esophageal cancer. Based on the finding that EGF‐R and c‐erbB‐2 form highly active transmembranous heterodimers that enhance cell growth and proliferation, we used Northern blot analysis and immunohistochemistry to analyze the concomitant expression of EGF‐R, c‐erbB‐2, and c‐erbB‐3 in tissue samples obtained from 39 patients undergoing esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. Northern blot analysis revealed a fourfold increase (p < 0.01) in EGF‐R mRNA levels in the esophageal cancer samples in comparison with normal tissue samples. The c‐erbB‐2 receptor was only 1.25‐fold elevated in the esophageal cancers, which failed to be statistically significant (p= 0.31). In contrast, c‐erbB‐3 mRNA levels were 3.5‐fold lower (p < 0.01) in the esophageal cancers than in the normal tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis showed weak EGF‐R, c‐erbB‐2, and c‐erbB‐3 immunostaining in the normal esophageal tissue. In esophageal cancer samples, immunoreactivity for EGF‐R, c‐erbB‐2, and c‐erbB‐3 was mainly located in the cancer cells. Strong EGF‐R, c‐erbB‐2, and c‐erbB‐3 immunoreactivity was present in 59%, 64%, and 64% of the esophageal cancer samples, respectively. In consecutive tissue sections, identical cancer cell clusters often exhibited these three closely related receptors simultaneously. However, correlation of the immunohistochemical findings with the clinicopathologic patient parameters revealed that the presence of EGF‐R, c‐erbB‐2, or c‐erbB‐3 had no influence on patient survival (p > 0.05). In addition, the simultaneous presence of these receptors did not influence survival. Our findings indicate that in esophageal cancer the presence of EGF‐R, c‐erbB‐2, and c‐erbB‐3 alone or in combination seems to have no major influence on patient prognosis and does not alter tumor growth behavior significantly.
An in vitro biomechanical investigation of an intramedullary nailing technique for repair of third metacarpal and metatarsal fractures in neonates and foals
Authors: Fitch Gareth L. , Galuppo Larry D. , Stover Susan M. , Willits Neil H. 
Published: August 2002

Objective—To evaluate a dorsoproximal extra‐articular approach for insertion of 8.25‐mm, solid‐titanium, intramedullary (IM) interlocking nails into ostectomized foal third metacarpal (MC3) and third metatarsal (MT3) bones; to compare the monotonic mechanical properties of IM nail constructs with paired intact bones; and to determine the effects of age, body weight, fore‐ or hindlimb, and left or right limb on the mechanical testing variables.Animal or Sample Population—Twenty bone pairs (10 MC3, 10 MT3) collected from 10 foals of various weights and ages.Methods—One bone from each pair was randomly selected to be ostectomized and stabilized using an 8.25‐mm, solid‐titanium IM nail, and four 3.7‐mm titanium interlocking screws (construct). Constructs and contralateral intact bone specimens were tested in axial compression and palmaro‐/plantarodorsal (PD) 4‐point bending. Monotonic mechanical properties were compared between intact specimens and constructs with an ANOVA; significance was set atP< .05.Results—Nail insertion caused bone failure in 6 MC3 and 2 MT3. In general, mean mechanical testing values indicated that intact specimens were significantly stronger and stiffer than constructs for all age and weight ranges when tested in compression and PD 4‐point bending (P< .05). Bone strength and stiffness of intact specimens tested in compression and bending tended to increase linearly with age and weight.Conclusions—IM interlocking nail fixation of gap‐ostectomized MC3 and MT3 with 8.25‐mm IM nails and 3.7‐mm interlocking screws did not achieve sufficient strength or stiffness to be recommended as the sole means of repair for comminuted MC3 and MT3 fractures in young foals.Clinical Relevance—IM interlocking nail fixation of foal cannon bone fractures may be useful to decrease soft‐tissue disruption at the fracture site; however, there is a risk of bone failure associated with extra‐articular insertion. This method should be combined with other forms of external coaptation for added stability in axial compression and PD bending.
RF discharge modelling in a N2O/SiH4mixture for SiO2deposition and comparison with experiment
Authors: K Radouane  , L Date  , M Yousfi  , B Despax  , H Caquineau  
Published: August 2002

The present work concerns the experimental and theoretical analysis of the electrical behaviour and N2O/SiH4dissociation of a classical RF discharge used for SiO2thin-film deposition. Electric and deposition rate measurements are undertaken at 0.5 and 1 Torr gas pressures. The reactor modelling involves electrical, hydrodynamic and mass transfer models. The electrical model enables the calculation of the electron impact dissociation rates required for the mass transfer model, while the gas velocities are determined by the hydrodynamic model. Only an electrical discharge model accounting for the negative-ion conversion reactions O-/SiH4and NO-/SiH4allows good agreement between the measured and calculated power densities particularly at 1 Torr. Furthermore, a simplified chemical scheme which includes 16 species (N2O, N2, O2, NO, NO2, N, O(3P), O(1D), SiH4, SiH3, SiH3O, H2SiO, H, H2, OH and H2O) is used in the mass transfer model. The corresponding results (deposition rates) are quite consistent with the measurements.
Measurement of the ultrafast third-order optical nonlinearity of multi-adducts C70(NH2CN)5and C70(NH2CNNCNH2)5
Authors: Ruisheng Liang  , Shufeng Wang  , Wentao Huang  , Qihuang Gong  , Hongbo Li  , Huiying Chen  , Di Qiang  
Published: August 2002

The second-order hyperpolarizability of two multi-adducts of fullerene, C705-aminonitrile and C705-dicyandiamide, was measured by using a femtosecond time-resolved optical Kerr effect at 810 nm wavelength. The magnitude was estimated to be as large as 4.1×10-32 esu for C705-aminonitrile and 5.8×10-32 esu for C705-dicyandimide. This showed that the optical nonlinearity of C70was strongly enhanced by forming a multi-addition charge-transfer complex.
Pressure effect on the electrical ageing of polyethylene
Authors: F-Benlizidia Lalam  , Hoang-The-Giam  
Published: August 2002

The purpose of this study is to show the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the electrical ageing, by a dc voltage, on polyethylene used in submarine cables. Experimental results are obtained at 1 and 300 bar, for a temperature of 70 °C in the range of an electrical field of 1.1-4.5 MV cm-1and for up to 1500 h of ageing. By using the Weibull statistic and the estimation of confidence bounds of 90%, the results have shown an increase of lifetime with pressure. The time dependence of the breakdown behaviour of the two materials (HDPE and XLPE) is consistent with the inverse power law model. The pressure effect may be explained by changes in the activation free energy for the formation of submicrocavities.
Removal of cyclohexanone in transition electric discharges at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Zdenko Machala  , Marcela Morvová  , Emmanuel Marode  , Imrich Morva  
Published: August 2002

Two new types of streamer-induced electric discharges operating in a non-uniform electric field in air at atmospheric pressure were applied to the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The first type is a pulseless dc discharge with physical properties corresponding to the glow discharge. The second, also supplied by a dc high voltage of both polarities, is a spontaneously pulsing discharge operating in the regime of the streamer-to-spark transition, the spark phase being too short to reach local thermodynamic equilibrium conditions. Both discharges are able to generate a non-thermal plasma, as resolved from their rotational and vibrational temperatures.The influences of these discharges on the removal of cyclohexanone at various gas flow rates and concentrations (600-6000 ppm) were compared. The removal efficiencies achieved were about 50-60%, and the energy costs were 16-100 eV/molecule at various energy densities. Special conditions where CO2and other gaseous products are minor and dominant products appear in the condensed phase can be obtained, especially in the spontaneously pulsing transition discharge.We explain some plasmochemical processes induced by the discharges by considering heterogeneous effects of the copper electrode surface. The role of active nitrogen and the formation of the NCO radical are probably key factors leading to the formation of the condensation product based on amino acids, here produced for the first time from VOCs, as well as in the overall energy cycle resulting in low energy costs of the process.The small pilot-scale reactor based on the spontaneously pulsing transition discharge has been successfully applied to the removal of cyclohexanone in the mixture with other VOCs with no noxious gas output. This validates the possibility of the application of such a type of reactor for larger scales.
Electrical Conductivity of ε-Iron under Shock Compression up to 208G Pa
Authors: Bi Yan  , Tan Hua  , Jing Fu-Qian  
Published: August 2002

The electrical conductivity of shock-compressed iron was measured up to 208 GPa by using an improved design in experiment assembly in which the iron sample was encapsulated in a single-crystal sapphire cell. High-pressure shock compressions were generated by the plate impact technique with the two-stage light-gas gun. The measured conductivity of iron varies from 1.45×104 Ω-1 cm-1at 101 GPa and 2010 K to 7.65×103 Ω-1 cm-1at 208 GPa and 5220 K. After examining these data together with those reported, we found that the Bloch-Grüneisen expression is still valid at high pressures and temperatures, even up to 208 GPa and 5220 K, at least for ε-iron, which is significant in the field of condensed matter physics and deep interior earth science.
Space Environment Simulation for Radiation Tests of Materials: Third Version of an International Standard
Authors: Briskman Boris , Belyakov Alexander , Klinshpont Eduard , Stepanov Vladimir , Shavarin Yuli , Borson Eugene , Novikov Lev , Makletsov Andrey 
Published: August 2002

In the framework of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) activity of 1996 we started development of an international standard series for a space environment simulation of on-ground tests of materials. A draft of the first international standard ‘Space environment simulation for radiation tests of materials’ (first version) was presented at the 7th Int. Symp. on Materials in Space Environment by Briskman et al (1997). The second version of the standard was limited to nonmetallic materials and was presented at the 20th Space Simulation Conf. The Changing Testing Paradigm by Briskman et al (1998). The third version of the standard was discussed at the last ISO TC20/SC14 meeting (Torino, Italy, 1999); in essence it was completely revised. A new standard orbit for the International Space Station is introduced in the recommended list of such orbits. The values of energy fluences for electrons and protons at all six orbits are calculated just as the absorbed doses on the 1 mg cm−2 depth in aluminum. Values of the depth distribution criterion of the absorbed dose for two exponents are also calculated for four standard orbits. Now the list of radiation includes the near ultraviolet region. The spectral solar irradiances for far and near ultraviolet radiation based on ASTM E 490 data are introduced into the document. Accordingly, the ‘Radiation sources for simulation’ issue is enlarged and the section ‘Terms and definitions’ is replaced with a new version, the list being enlarged from seven to 32 terms. For the section ‘Requirements for simulation of space radiation’ a fixed procedure is recommended for space environment simulation of the radiation tests. For the section ‘Simulation of radiation dose rate’ extra sections are introduced that correspond to induced factors limiting the conduct of radiation tests conduction: radiation heating, residual atmosphere impact, vacuum requirements and electrical charging. Special attention is focused on dose rate effects in nonmetallic material, irradiated in vacuum.
Photophysics of Carbazole-Containing Systems. 2. Fluorescence Behaviour of Poly(N-Vinyl Carbazole) and N -Vinyl Carbazole/Methyl Acrylate Copolymer Films
Authors: Soutar Ian , Swanson Linda , Davidson Keith , Yin Jie 
Published: August 2002

The fluorescence behaviour of thin films of poly( N-vinyl carbazole), PNVCz, and a series of N-vinyl carbazole/methyl acrylate, NVCz/MA, copolymers has been investigated using both steady-state and time-resolved emission techniques. The fluorescence of PNVCz at 298 K is dominated by emission from two excimeric traps. Trap I has the conventional ‘sandwich’ structure formed from two fully overlapped aromatic rings. The other (trap II) is a species involving two partially overlapped carbazole substituents. The fluorescences of the NVCz/MA copolymers contain contributions from unassociated or monomeric carbazoyl excited states which increase in prominence as the aromatic content of the system is reduced. The influence of intermolecular interactions in creating excimer traps is apparent: even at a carbazole content of 8.3 mol%, excimer emission is evident. In PNVCz and copolymers of higher aromatic contents, the microtacticity of the macromolecule exerts a dominant influence upon the photophysical behaviour of the bulk polymer despite the moderating effects of intermolecular interactions between chromophores. As the temperature of the system is reduced, the contribution from trap II to the overall fluorescence from the polymer films increases relative to that made by emission from trap I. At 77 K, the fluorescence of PNVCz contains a significant contribution from trap II emission. At 298 K, fluorescence from the conventional excimer, trap I, dominates the steady-state emission spectrum. On the basis of observations upon time-resolved fluorescence data, it is proposed that restrictions to the reorientation of carbazole substituents which occur at low temperature serve to inhibit the conversion of a proportion of the trap II sites into fully overlapped excimers, thereby reducing depletion of the trap II population. Implicit to this explanation of the photophysical characteristics of PNVCz and the higher content NVCz/MA copolymers, is the belief that the high concentration of excimer-forming trap sites mitigates against significant energy migration between carbazole substituents which might otherwise populate the excimer traps. These observations are of importance to considerations of the photoconductivity displayed by polymers derived from NVCz.
On the role of energy conservation in high-energy nuclear scattering
Authors: Drescher H J , Hladik M , Ostapchenko S , Pierog T , Werner K 
Published: August 2002

We argue that the most commonly used models for nuclear scattering at ultra-relativistic energies do not treat energy conservation in a consistent fashion. Demanding theoretical consistency as a minimal requirement for a realistic model, we provide a solution for the above-mentioned problem, the so-called 'parton-based Gribov-Regge theory'.In order to keep a clean picture, we do not consider secondary interactions. We provide a very transparent extrapolation of the physics of more elementary interactions towards nucleus-nucleus scattering, without considering any nuclear effects due to final state interactions. In this sense we consider our model a realistic and consistent approach to describe the initial stage of nuclear collisions.
An unusual artifact observed on screening mammography in a patient with an LVAD
Authors: Nisbet Audrey I. , Ahmadian David , Vedantham Srinivasan , Chiang Jing‐Tzyh Alan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeScreening mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis consist of high‐resolution x‐ray images to identify findings that are potentially indicative of breast cancer, enabling early detection and reduction of breast cancer mortality. Imaging artifacts can occasionally occur, sometimes due to patient‐related medical devices. Because of continuous evolution of new technologies, there is potential for novel artifacts to be encountered. In this technical note, we report an unusual artifact in the screening mammogram of a patient with an Abbott HeartMate 3 left ventricular assist device (LVAD).MethodsA 72‐year‐old patient with a HeartMate 3 LVAD presented to our breast imaging facility for a standard screening exam with digital breast tomosynthesis (Selenia Dimensions, Hologic Inc., Bedford, MA) and synthetic 2D images (C‐view, Hologic Inc., Bedford, MA).ResultsLinear artifacts oriented in the anteroposterior dimension demonstrating a spatial periodicity of ∼1.4 mm were seen on all left breast images, whereas concurrent right breast images did not demonstrate any artifacts. Repeat attempts using two identical digital breast tomosynthesis units demonstrated the same artifacts. No other exam at our imaging center that day demonstrated any such artifacts. Mammogram exams performed on this patient prior to her LVAD placement did not exhibit any similar artifacts.ConclusionFindings support the patient's LVAD as the underlying source of linear artifacts observed on left breast images, particularly given the proximity of the LVAD to the left breast. With the number of patients receiving LVAD placement on the rise, as well as increasing median survival rates status post LVAD implantation, recognition of this LVAD related artifact on mammography may be important.
Investigation of the Associations of Smoking With Hip Osteoarthritis: A Baseline Cross‐Sectional and Four‐ to Five‐Year Longitudinal Multicohort Study
Authors: Salis Zubeyir 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the effect of smoking on the prevalence, incidence, and progression of hip osteoarthritis (OA). We used data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) and the Cohort Hip and Cohort Knee (CHECK) studies.MethodsWe analyzed 9,386 hips from 4,716 participants (OAI cohort) and 1,954 hips from 977 participants (CHECK cohort). The primary exposure was smoking status at baseline, categorized as current, former, or never smoker. Outcomes of radiographic hip OA (RHOA) and symptomatic hip OA were evaluated both cross‐sectionally at baseline and longitudinally over a 4‐ to 5‐year follow‐up, with adjustments for major covariates.ResultsNo significant differences were observed between current or former smokers and never smokers for any of the outcomes examined, either at baseline or at the 4‐ to 5‐year follow‐up. In the cross‐sectional analysis, the odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for the prevalence of RHOA for current and former smokers were 1.29 (0.68–2.46) and 0.99 (0.70–1.40) in the OAI cohort and 1.38 (0.78–2.44) and 0.85 (0.54–1.32) in the CHECK cohort, respectively. In the longitudinal analysis, odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals for the incidence of RHOA were 1.03 (0.23–4.50) and 0.92 (0.46–1.85) in the OAI cohort and 0.61 (0.34–1.11) and 1.00 (0.69–1.44) in the CHECK cohort, respectively.ConclusionOur study found no clear association between smoking and the prevalence, incidence, or progression of RHOA or symptomatic hip OA, either at baseline or over a 4‐ to 5‐year period.
Second Harmonic Generation Control in 2D Layered Materials: Status and Outlook
Authors: Huang Wenjuan , Xiao Yue , Xia Fangfang , Chen Xiangbai , Zhai Tianyou 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSecond harmonic generation (SHG) as an essential nonlinear optical effect, has gradually shifted its research trend toward the integration and miniaturization of photonic and optoelectronic on‐chip devices in recent years. 2D layered materials (2DLMs) open up a new research paradigm of nonlinear optics due to their large second‐order susceptibility, atomically thin structure, and perfect phase‐matching. However, 2DLMs are facing a bottleneck of weak SHG conversion efficiency limit caused by short light–matter interaction lengths at a nanoscale. Moreover, advances in integrated on‐chip SHG devices based on 2DLMs rely on the continuing development of novel strategies with tunable and efficient SHG responses. Here, this review provides a comprehensive overview of recent progress in exploring highly efficient and tunable SHG responses in 2DLMs. Various modulation and enhancement strategies for the SHG response of 2DLMs are extensively studied and systematically discussed, which can be classified into two categories: symmetry breaking and light‐matter interaction enhancement. Moreover, remaining challenges and outlooks toward further extending and realizing the practical applications of 2DLMs in nonlinear on‐chip integrated devices with SHG modulation and enhancement characteristics are discussed.
On‐Patient Temporary Medical Record for Accurate, Time‐Sensitive Information at the Point of Care
Authors: Collins Joe , Han Jooli , Sarmadi Morteza , Allison‐Logan Stephanie , Straeten Aurelien vander , Perkinson Collin F. , Acolaste Sarah , Kanelli Maria , Daristotle John , Karchin Ari , Henderson Mitchell , Cruz Mache , Artzi Dolev , Alsaiari Shahad K. , Zhang Linzixuan , Levy Lauren , Wood Lowell , Jing Lihong , McHugh Kevin J. , Bawendi Moungi G. , Langer Robert , Jaklenec Ana 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAccurate medical recordkeeping is important for personal and public health. Conventional forms of on‐patient medical information, such as medical alert bracelets or finger‐markings, may compromise patient privacy because they are readily visible to other people. Here, the development of an invisible, temporary, and easily deployable on‐patient medical recordkeeping system is reported. Information is stored in unique patterns of spatially distributed near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescent quantum dots (QDs), which are delivered to the skin using dissolvable microneedle arrays. The patterns are invisible to the naked eye but detectable with an infrared camera, which can extract information with >98% accuracy using automated pattern recognition software. By encapsulating NIR QDs in an FDA‐approved biodegradable polymer, biodegradation rates can be tuned so that the encoded medical information can be conveyed in both a spatial and temporal manner, with some components fading within 100 days and others persisting for 6 months. This may be particularly useful for administering a series of vaccinations or treatments by indicating if enough time has passed for the patient to receive the next dose. Importantly, this system contains no personal information, does not require connection to a centralized database, and is not visible to the naked eye, ensuring patient privacy.