bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting iron absorption and the role of fortification in enhancing iron levels
Authors: Perera Dipun Nirmal , Palliyaguruge Chathurangi Lakshika , Eapasinghe Dasuni Dilkini , Liyanage Dilmi Maleesha , Seneviratne R. A. C. Haily , Demini S. M. D. , Jayasinghe J. A. S. M. , Faizan Mishal , Rajagopalan Umapriyatharshini , Galhena B. Prasanna , Hays Hasi , Senathilake Kanishka , Tennekoon Kamani H. , Samarakoon Sameera R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIron is an important micronutrient required for a number of biological processes including oxygen transport, cellular respiration, the synthesis of nucleic acids and the activity of key enzymes. The World Health Organization has recognised iron deficiency as the most common nutritional deficiency globally and as a major determinant of anaemia. Iron deficiency anaemia affects 40% of all children between the ages of 6 and 59 months, 37% of mothers who are pregnant and 30% of women between the ages of 15 and 49 years worldwide. Dietary iron exists in two main forms known as haem iron and non‐haem iron. Haem iron is obtained from animal sources such as meat and shows higher bioavailability than non‐haem iron, which can be obtained from both plant and animal sources. Different components in food can enhance or inhibit iron absorption from the diet. Components such as meat proteins and organic acids increase iron absorption, while phytate, calcium and polyphenols reduce iron absorption. Iron levels in the body are tightly regulated since both iron overload and iron deficiency can exert harmful effects on human health. Iron is stored mainly as haemoglobin and as iron bound to proteins such as ferritin and hemosiderin. Iron deficiency affects individuals at increased risk due to factors such as age, pregnancy, menstruation and various diseases. Different solutions for iron deficiency are applied at individual and community levels. Iron supplements and intravenous iron can be used to treat individuals with iron deficiency, while various types of iron‐fortified foods and biofortified crops can be employed for larger communities. Foods such as rice, flour and biscuits have been used to prepare fortified iron products. However, it is important to ensure the fortification process does not exert significant negative effects on organoleptic properties and the shelf life of the food product.
Effects of vincristine and monosodium glutamate on gastrointestinal motility and visceral sensitivity
Authors: López‐Tofiño Yolanda , de Sosa Francisca , Vera Gema , López‐Gómez Laura , Herradón Esperanza , López‐Miranda Visitación , Nurgali Kulmira , Uranga José A. , Abalo Raquel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundChemotherapy‐induced adverse effects are an unresolved nightmare. In preclinical studies in rats, the food additive monosodium glutamate (MSG) improved some of the side effects caused by cisplatin, but its effects in other models of chemotherapy‐treated animals are not well known. The aim of this study was to test if MSG may improve some of the adverse effects induced by vincristine in rats.MethodsYoung male Wistar rats were exposed or not to MSG (4 g L−1) in drinking water from week 0 till 1 week after treatment (week 3). Rats received two cycles of five daily intraperitoneal (ip) injections (Monday to Friday, weeks 1 and 2) of either saline (2 mL kg−1) or vincristine (0.1 mg kg−1). Gastrointestinal motility was measured in vivo by radiological methods after the first and tenth ip administrations. On week 3, the threshold for mechanical somatic and colorectal sensitivity was recorded using Von Frey filaments applied to the paws and an intracolonic balloon, respectively. Finally, samples of the terminal ileum and distal colon were histologically evaluated in sections.Key ResultsVincristine reduced body weight gain, food intake, and upper gastrointestinal transit, caused somatic (but not visceral) hypersensitivity and increased the thickness of the submucosal and muscle layers of the small intestine. In vincristine‐treated animals, MSG partially prevented gastrointestinal dysmotility and reduced visceral sensitivity but did not improve structural alterations of the small intestine.Conclusions & InferencesMSG could be used as an adjuvant to conventional treatments to improve some gastrointestinal dysfunctions caused by chemotherapy.
The transparency of mental vehicles
Authors: Murez Michael 
Published: November 2023

AbstractModes of presentation (MOPs) are often said to have to be transparent, usually in the sense that thinkers can know solely via introspection whether or not they are deploying the same one. While there has been much discussion of threats to transparency stemming from externalism, another threat to transparency has garnered less attention. This novel threat arises if MOPs are robust, as I argue they should be according to internalist views of MOPs which identify them with representational vehicles, such as mental files. I explain how identifying MOPs with vehicles/files threatens transparency, provide empirical illustrations, and critically examine some attempts to dispel the threat. Rather than abandoning transparency, I outline a way of reconciling it with a robust view of mental files which takes seriously the idea that they are targets for investigation in cognitive science. Transparency does not require introspective access, and rather than as an incontrovertible principle for individuating MOPs, we can view it more modestly, as an open empirical hypothesis.
Grass veins are leaky pipes: vessel widening in grass leaves explain variation in stomatal conductance and vessel diameter among species
Authors: Ocheltree Troy W. , Gleason Sean M. 
Published: November 2023

Summary
The widening of xylem vessels from tip to base of trees is an adaptation to minimize the hydraulic resistance of a long pathway. Given that parallel veins of monocot leaves do not branch hierarchically, vessels should also widen basipetally but, in addition to minimizing resistance, should also account for water volume lost to transpiration since they supply water to the lamina along their lengths, that is ‘leakiness’.
We measured photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and vessel diameter at five locations along each leaf of five perennial grass species.
We found that the rate of conduit widening in grass leaves was larger than the widening exponent required to minimize pathlength resistance (0.35 vs c. 0.22). Furthermore, variation in the widening exponent among species was positively correlated with maximal stomatal conductance (r2 = 0.20) and net CO2 assimilation (r2 = 0.45).
These results suggest that faster rates of conduit widening (> 0.22) were associated with higher rates of water loss. Taken together, our results show that the widening exponent is linked to plant function in grass leaves and that natural selection has favored parallel vein networks that are constructed to meet transpiration requirements while minimizing hydraulic resistance within grass blades.
Synthesis and import of GDP‐l‐fucose into the Golgi affect plant–water relations
Authors: Waszczak Cezary , Yarmolinsky Dmitry , Leal Gavarrón Marina , Vahisalu Triin , Sierla Maija , Zamora Olena , Carter Ross , Puukko Tuomas , Sipari Nina , Lamminmäki Airi , Durner Jörg , Ernst Dieter , Winkler J. Barbro , Paulin Lars , Auvinen Petri , Fleming Andrew J. , Andersson Mats X. , Kollist Hannes , Kangasjärvi Jaakko 
Published: November 2023

Summary
Land plants evolved multiple adaptations to restrict transpiration. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not sufficiently understood.
We used an ozone‐sensitivity forward genetics approach to identify Arabidopsis thaliana mutants impaired in gas exchange regulation.
High water loss from detached leaves and impaired decrease of leaf conductance in response to multiple stomata‐closing stimuli were identified in a mutant of MURUS1 (MUR1), an enzyme required for GDP‐l‐fucose biosynthesis. High water loss observed in mur1 was independent from stomatal movements and instead could be linked to metabolic defects. Plants defective in import of GDP‐l‐Fuc into the Golgi apparatus phenocopied the high water loss of mur1 mutants, linking this phenotype to Golgi‐localized fucosylation events. However, impaired fucosylation of xyloglucan, N‐linked glycans, and arabinogalactan proteins did not explain the aberrant water loss of mur1 mutants.
Partial reversion of mur1 water loss phenotype by borate supplementation and high water loss observed in boron uptake mutants link mur1 gas exchange phenotypes to pleiotropic consequences of l‐fucose and boron deficiency, which in turn affect mechanical and morphological properties of stomatal complexes and whole‐plant physiology. Our work emphasizes the impact of fucose metabolism and boron uptake on plant–water relations.
Auxin response factors fine‐tune lignin biosynthesis in response to mechanical bending in bamboo
Authors: Wang Wenjia , Li Yigang , Cai Changyang , Zhu Qiang 
Published: November 2023

Summary

Lignin contributes to plant mechanical properties during bending loads. Meanwhile, phytohormone auxin controls various plant biological processes. However, the mechanism of auxin's role in bending‐induced lignin biosynthesis was unclear, especially in bamboo, celebrated for its excellent deformation stability.

Here, we reported that auxin response factors (ARF) 3 and ARF6 from Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis (Carrière) J. Houz) directly regulate lignin biosynthesis pathway genes, and affect lignin biosynthesis in bamboo.

Auxin and lignin exhibited asymmetric distribution patterns, and auxin promoted lignin biosynthesis in response to bending loads in bamboo. Employing transcriptomic and weighted gene co‐expression network analysis approach, we discovered that expression patterns of ARF3 and ARF6 strongly correlated with lignin biosynthesis genes. ARF3 and ARF6 directly bind to the promoter regions of 4‐coumarate: coenzyme A ligase (4CL3, 4CL7, and 4CL9) or caffeoyl‐CoA O‐methyltransferase (CCoAOMT2) genes, pivotal to lignin biosynthesis, and activate their expressions. Notably, the efficacy of this binding hinges on auxin levels. Alternation of the expressions of ARF3 and ARF6 substantially altered lignin accumulation in transgenic bamboo.

Collectively, our study shed light on bamboo lignification genetics. Auxin signaling could directly modulate lignin biosynthesis genes to impact plant lignin content.
When profitability meets conservation objectives through biodiversity offsets
Authors: Huber Celine , Doyen Luc , Ferrari Sylvie 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBiodiversity offsets (BOs) are increasingly used as economic instruments to manage biodiversity and ecosystem services in the context of economic development. This study investigates the sustainability conditions of BOs. It focuses especially on both the timing and pricing of BOs in development‐offset projects. To address this issue, a minimal time control model is proposed, allowing a dynamic and multicriteria approach to be combined through both ecological and economic targets. We rely here on no net loss (NNL) and positive net present value (NPV) goals. In particular, we focus on an offset marginal price, called offset sustainability price (OSP), which equalizes the NNL and payback times. We prove analytically how this OSP pricing corresponds to a win–win solution in terms of ecological‐economic synergy. We also show that this OSP pricing can be very high compared to the project rate of return, particularly when the biodiversity loss is high. More globally, a static comparative analysis shows the extent to which the economic and biodiversity parameters impact the OSP. Finally, a numerical application related to mangroves and aquaculture in Madagascar illustrates the analytical findings. For this case study, we argue that the current BO price is underestimated.Recommendations for Resource Managers:

The biodiversity recovery time to reach the no net loss (NNL) is not sufficiently taken into account in biodiversity offsets (BOs).
An offset sustainability price (OSP), reconciling the profitability and NNL times, is calculated, thus strengthening the developer‐pays principle of BOs.
The OSP is the minimal offset price such that the developer is financially beneficial only after the biodiversity recovery.
The OSP depends nonlinearly on both the developed surface area, the biodiversity initial states and dynamics as well as the economic parameters.
With low discount rates, a multiplier effect simplifies the calculation of the OSP.
Why TransformY? The Pitfalls of Transformed Regressions with a Mass at Zero*
Authors: Mullahy John , Norton Edward C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractApplied economists often transform a dependent variable that is non‐negative and skewed with the natural log transformation, the inverse hyperbolic sine transformation, or power function. We show that these transformations separate the zeros from the positives such that the estimated parameters are related to those from a scaled linear probability model. The retransformed marginal effects and elasticities are sensitive to changes in a shape parameter, ranging in magnitude between those of an untransformed least squares regression and those of a scaled linear probability model. Instead of transforming the dependent variable with non‐negative outcomes that includes zeros, we recommend using a non‐transformed dependent variable, such as a two‐part model, untransformed linear regression, or Poisson.
Effectiveness of probiotics compared to antibiotics to treat periodontal disease: Systematic review
Authors: Puzhankara Lakshmi , Banerjee Avishikta , Chopra Aditi , Venkitachalam Ramanarayanan , Kedlaya Madhurya N. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesProbiotics are promising adjuncts to non‐surgical periodontal therapy (scaling and root planing (SRP)) for managing gingival and periodontal diseases. Probiotics are considered alternatives to antibiotics, especially with the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Hence, the present systematic review aims to generate evidence on the role of probiotics compared to antimicrobial agents for managing periodontal diseases (gingivitis and periodontitis).MethodSix electronic databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, EBSCO, Cochrane, Clinical Trial Registry) were searched to collect studies comparing the effect of probiotics with antibiotics for periodontal disease. In total, 5530 articles were retrieved from all databases, of which 1891 were included for title and abstract screening. After screening, a total of ten clinical studies were included for data extraction and analysis. Probing pocket depth (PPD), Clinical attachment loss (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and microbial profile were recorded.ResultsProbiotics showed a significant reduction in the PPD and CAL compared to antibiotics. Antibiotics were more effective in reducing the PI and GI. A combination of probiotics and antibiotics superior compared to probiotics and antibiotics alone.ConclusionProbiotics can be used as an alternative to antibiotics, however, a combination is more effective for managing periodontal disease.
Social identification, identity integration and wellbeing in people who hear voices
Authors: Hogg Lorna I. , Smith Laura G. E. , Kurz Tim , Morrison Anthony P. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesHearing voices is associated with public stigma and this can influence readiness to identify as a voice hearer (VH) and psychological wellbeing. In this study, we investigated the relationships between a VH social identity, the integration of that identity with other important social identities and wellbeing.DesignCross‐sectional study, with a subset of longitudinal data across three time points.MethodsPeople who self‐identified as voice hearers completed questionnaires (VH social identity, identity integration, wellbeing and perceptions of in‐group and out‐group empathy) at three time points, spaced at 3‐monthly intervals. The final sample comprised 182 participants at T1, 91 at T2 and 75 at T3. Hierarchical linear multiple regression analyses were used to test all hypotheses.ResultsThe integration of a VH social identity was strongly associated with better psychological wellbeing at T1. Identity integration was also associated with static wellbeing scores at 6 months. Effects on wellbeing were not accounted for by either severity of voice‐hearing or paranoia. Whilst perceptions of in‐group empathy were associated with VH social identification, perceptions of outgroup empathy were important for identity integration.ConclusionsIntegrating a VH social identity with other important identities into a coherent sense of self is important for wellbeing in voice hearers; perceived in‐group and outgroup empathy are important in this process.
Ethylene production during Alternaria infections on potato plants and its antagonistic role in virulence of different Alternaria species
Authors: Vandecasteele Michiel , Depaepe Thomas , Abdallah Mohamed Fathi , De Saeger Sarah , Höfte Monica M. , Haesaert Geert , van der Straeten Dominique , Audenaert Kris 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAlternaria species are notorious pathogens of solanaceous crops and are known to produce a plethora of toxins. Nevertheless, the involvement of toxins or other virulence factors in Alternaria infections on potato plants has never been investigated. In view of this, we analysed whether different Alternaria species produced host‐ and non‐host‐specific toxins in vitro and in vivo. Secondly, we assessed if ethylene (ETH) is involved in potato plant infections, as was previously demonstrated in tomato. Although many toxins were detected in vitro, no toxins were present before symptom appearance in potato leaves. Isolates that made large conidia (A. solani) produced up to six times more ETH in vitro than isolates with small conidia (A. arborescens) in the presence of the ETH precursor α‐keto‐γ‐methylthiobutyric acid (KMBA). In contrast, on potato leaf discs, an inverse relation was found between ETH emission and conidia size after correcting the data according to fungal DNA content, suggesting a role for ETH in symptom development rather than initiation. Moreover, application of a plant ETH biosynthesis inhibitor, 2‐aminoethoxyvinyl glycine (AVG), resulted in a 60% reduction in necrosis after inoculation with a large‐conidia isolate, whereas a 35% increase in necrosis was observed after inoculation with a small‐conidia isolate. Finally, it was concluded that toxin production is not essential for symptom development of Alternaria on potato and that ETH (either from the plant and/or the fungus) is a crucial factor in symptom development by A. solani, whereas its role was found to be antagonistic for A. arborescens.
Writing impactful reviews to rejuvenate public administration: A framework and recommendations
Authors: George Bert , Andersen Lotte B. , Hall Jeremy L. , Pandey Sanjay K. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLiterature reviews have become widespread in public administration, especially in the past decade. These reviews typically adopt widely‐accepted approaches with many drawing upon systematized approaches to review in fields like medicine and psychology. Public administration, however, is a professional, design‐oriented discipline, focused on enhancing theory to solve real‐life policy, administrative, and managerial challenges. Recognizing the unique traditions and purposes in public administration scholarship, it is important to take stock of how public administration scholars “do” reviews, with the aim of providing recommendations to rejuvenate the state of the art in reviewing. We present a framework to guide review efforts in public administration centered on purpose (why?), object (what?), subject (who?), community (for whom?) and practices (how?). Next, we present different approaches to doing reviews and how those approaches present different answers to the questions raised above. Finally, we discuss examples of public administration reviews within each approach and conclude with specific recommendations for researchers and practitioners who want to use reviews to rejuvenate public administration.
Unpacking the modeling process for energy policy making
Authors: Lo Piano Samuele , Lőrincz Máté János , Puy Arnald , Pye Steve , Saltelli Andrea , Smith Stefán Thor , van der Sluijs Jeroen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article explores how the modeling of energy systems may lead to an undue closure of alternatives by generating an excess of certainty around some of the possible policy options. We retrospectively exemplify the problem with the case of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) global modeling in the 1980s. We discuss different methodologies for quality assessment that may help mitigate this issue, which include Numeral Unit Spread Assessment Pedigree (NUSAP), diagnostic diagrams, and sensitivity auditing (SAUD). We illustrate the potential of these reflexive modeling practices in energy policy‐making with three additional cases: (i) the case of the energy system modeling environment (ESME) for the creation of UK energy policy; (ii) the negative emission technologies (NETs) uptake in integrated assessment models (IAMs); and (iii) the ecological footprint indicator. We encourage modelers to adopt these approaches to achieve more robust, defensible, and inclusive modeling activities in the field of energy research.
Intravenous immunoglobulin alteration in response to adverse reactions in neurological conditions: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Jiang Melinda , Lam Lydia , Kovoor Joshua G. , Kimber James , Gupta Aashray K. , Stretton Brandon , Goh Rudy , Bacchi Stephen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionIntravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is an important treatment in a range of neurological conditions. There is currently limited evidence regarding the frequency and management of IVIg‐associated adverse reactions (AR) in neurological disorders.MethodsA single‐centre 18‐month retrospective cohort study was conducted for all patients at a single tertiary hospital receiving IVIg as an inpatient or the medical day unit. Electronic medical record AR and alerts were reviewed for entries relating to IVIg, and prescribing records associated with recent IVIg administration were reviewed for the use of premedications. Case note review was undertaken to identify AR associated with alterations in IVIg treatment (such as reduction in rate, use of premedications or cessation of IVIg). Demographic, patient, and treatment factors were analysed for associations with AR necessitating alteration in IVIg treatment.ResultsThis study included 98 individuals who received IVIg during the study period. Of these, 12 (12.1%) patients required an alteration in their IVIg treatment. In total, 3 (3.1%) of the 98 included patients required a reduced rate of IVIg, and 10 (10.2%) patients received premedication. The most common premedications were normal saline at the time of the infusion, cetirizine, and hydrocortisone. No demographic factors, indications or comorbidities were found to be associated with an increased likelihood of AR. However, an IVIg daily dose of >35 g and >45 g were associated with an increased likelihood of requiring IVIg treatment alteration due to AR.ConclusionsAlterations to IVIg treatment due to AR are commonly required in neurology patients, and may be associated with higher daily doses of IVIg.