bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unraveling immortality and the genesis of human soul in st. Augustine’s selected works
Authors: Warchał Robert Artur 
Published: December 2023

The article intends to explore topics concerning the eternal nature and the origin of the human soul. Augustine’s ontological perspective on humanity upholds the truth of its existence. In ancient philosophy and Christian theology, the doctrine of the immortality of the soul and its origin has been an ongoing area of interest and debate. Saint Augustine, one of the most important theologians and philosophers in the history of the Catholic Church, addressed this issue in his works, considering both philosophical and theological aspects of the existence of the human soul. The author justifies his views by referring to the Holy Bible and to the vital functions of man. Also, he points to the dissimilarity between sensual and mental cognition. As part of its consideration, it relies on the Latin phrase anima rationalis which refers to the rational soul (animus). What speaks for immortality of the soul is the argument of evidence of the lack of a quantitative element, as well as the concepts of truth and life. The foregoing command gives grounds to believe that a human being remains a unique whole of physical and spiritual unity. Also, one of the the key thinks is the certainty of self-knowledge derived from the continuation of gnoseology, which proves that humans are capable of reflective, mind and abstract thinking, and the cognitive activity of the soul shows the ability to transcend the mortal body. This approach does provide a deeper understanding of the role of the soul in human life and in the context of eternity, an important topic in Christian theology and philosophy.
Bracia polscy a Oświecenie
Authors: Sztajer Sławomir 
Published: December 2023

The paper discusses the philosophical and theological ideas of the Polish Brethren, a nontrinitarian reformed church in 16th Century Poland. Due to religious persecution, the Polish Brethren, also known as Socinians or Polish Arians, were forced to leave the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and seek refuge in other European countries. Their legacy had a significant impact on the development of Enlightenment thought in Europe and inspired legislators both in Europe and America. The ideas developed by the Polish Brethren had a significant impact on the formation of Enlightenment ideas and thought trends, such as rationalism and deism referring to rationalism, as well as tolerance, particularly religious tolerance, and secularism manifesting in the separation of religious and secular institutions. Moreover, the ideas of Polish Arianism, which fascinated Enlightenment thinkers, became part of the cultural mainstream and were reflected in modern Western state institutions.
Of Mountains, Rivers, and Oceans: Geographic Effects on Military Expenditures, 1961–2012
Authors: Millard Matthew C. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
While much work has been completed analyzing the role of territory’s effect on conflict, less work has demonstrated how territory affects military budgets. I argue that a state’s defense spending is subsidized by clearly defined geographic focal points. Using geographic data, I show that states clearly defined by rivers and oceans spend less money on defense budgets as a proportion of GDP because the prospects of conflict are lower and internal social cohesion is higher, decreasing the need for large standing militaries for repression/expansion/defense. I contend that this effect is exogenous to threat. On the other hand, more mountainous states should spend more on defense due to increased costs of defense and decreased sense of identity among local populations. Situating this debate within the state development literature helps us answer important questions regarding state formation/consolidation and peaceful interactions with neighbors.
Experimental investigation and thermodynamic assessment of phase equilibria in the GaTe–AgGa5Te8–Te system below 600 K
Authors: Moroz M. , Demchenko P. , Tesfaye F. , Prokhorenko M. , Prokhorenko S. , Reshetnyak O. 
Published: December 2023

Equilibrium T–x space of the Ag–Ga–Te system in the GaTe–AgGa5Te8–Te part was divided below 600 K into three-phase regions Ga2Te5–AgGa5Te8–Te, Ga2Te3–AgGa5Te8–Ga2Te5, Ga7Te10–AgGa5Te8–Ga2Te3, Ga3Te4–AgGa5Te8–Ga7Te10, and GaTe–AgGa5Te8–Ga3Te4 by the electromotive force (EMF) method. To accomplish accurate experimental data, the following electrochemical cells (ECs) were assembled: (−)IE|NE|SSЕ|R{Ag+}|PЕ|IE(+), where IE is the inert electrode (graphite powder), NE is the negative electrode (silver powder), SSE is the solid-state electrolyte (glassy Ag3GeS3Br), PE is the positive electrode, R{Ag+} is the region of PE that contact with SSE. At the stage of cell preparation, PE is a nonequilibrium phase mixture of the well-mixed powdered compounds Ag2Te, GaTe, Ga2Te3, and tellurium, taken in ratios corresponding to two or three different points in each of the mentioned regions. The equilibrium set of phases was formed in the R{Ag+} region at 600 K for 48 h with the participation of the Ag+ ions. Silver cations, displaced for thermodynamic reasons from the NE to the PE of the ECs, acted as catalyst, i.e., small nucleation centers of equilibrium phases. The spatial position of the established three-phase regions relative to the silver point was used to assign the overall potential-determining reactions of synthesis of the ternary AgGa5Te8 and binary Ga2Te5, Ga7Te10, Ga3Te4 compounds. For the first time, the values of the standard thermodynamic functions (Gibbs energies, enthalpies, and entropies) of these compounds were determined based on the temperature dependences of the EMF of the ECs.
Ensuring the Stability of Channel Linings Under Unsteady Filtration
Authors: Fayziev Kh. , Khojiyev T.K. , Rakhimov Sh.A. , Zhuraev K.T. , Khalikov M.B. 
Published: December 2023

When assessing the stability of the slopes of the banks of reservoirs and channels, the filtration regime that occurs with a rapid decrease in the water level in the upstream, which is due to the nature of the operation of structures before floods, discharges, emergency situations, is of particular interest. A change in the water levels in the upstream causes a change in the position of the depression surface and the parameters of the filtration flow (pressure gradients, filtration rates and flow rates) in the coastal massif. At the same time, unsteady filtration occurs in the coastal massif and the stability of the slopes is reduced significantly due to the action of hydrodynamic forces directed towards the slope. The most reliable anchors of channel slopes in similar conditions are those that, under normal channel operation, when there is no groundwater support, the lining should exclude filtration from the channel, ie filtration losses of irrigated water, and if there is a backwater and with a rapid decrease in the water level in the channel, it should provide free access of the ground stream into the channel channel or its diversion in the other direction. This eliminates the occurrence of significant hydrodynamic pressures, and the destruction of the channel slope fasteners. The article presents the results of studies of 4 designs of channel linings operating under conditions of unsteady filtration. In the course of the study, we considered the following variants of structural schemes of linings. Fastening with combined deformation and filtration seams; fastening with self-collapsing seams; fastening with discharge tubular drains with water discharge into the channel; fastening with filtration and discharge holes arranged during the appearance of groundwater backup in the channel area. The results of calculating the stability of the fastening plates for overturning and surfacing are presented. According to the results of the calculation, the most acceptable fastening options are determined, their advantages and disadvantages are given. The proposed fastening design meets the above requirements and thereby ensures the strength and stability of the linings during the operation of the channel.
The information management of the projects
Authors: Creț Vasile 
Published: December 2023

Methodologically Â point of view, the management of a company is studied based on the systems, methods, methodologies and techniques (general and specific) that the managers apply to fulfill the managerial functions. The managerial tool consists of systems, methods and management techniques that appeal to managers for foresight exercise, organization, coordination, assessment and control. Informal subsystem is perfect adapted to the profile of the organization. It is integrated in the informational system of the mother company, being advantaged, because of its physical distance between locations, the electronic communications in detriment of paper. This fact implies the existences of a very good communication infrastructure.The main characteristic of a project is its newness. A project is a walk in unknown, full of risks and uncertainness. There are no two identical projects and even a project which repeats will be every time different in one or more commercial, administrative, social, politics or physic aspects.
The purchase behavior of the consumer
Authors: Urziceanu Ramona Mihaela , Pașcalău Valentina-Simona 
Published: December 2023

The paper describes the types of purchase behavior of consumers and the stages of decision made by the purchasing of the consumer, the approach in which the personal factors can affect the decision made by the purchasing of the consumer, the psychological factors which can affect the decision made by the purchasing of the consumer, the examination of the social factors that influence the decision made by the purchasing of the consumer and whyÂ is it so important that marketing has to understand consumer purchasing behavior.
RESPECT FOR THE HONOR, PRIVACY AND DIGNITY OF THE HUMAN PERSON
Authors: Tărchilă Petru 
Published: December 2023

The right protects the person against the touches brought to his image by the so-called "image right". The man, the natural person enjoys honor and dignity, moral values â€‹â€‹guaranteed and protected by the legislation in force.Art.72 of the new Civil Code, related to this right stipulates:
(1) Everyone has the right of respect for their dignity.
(2) Any prejudice to the honor and reputation of a person without its consent or without respecting the limits provided for in article 75 is prohibited.”
Using questions in non-interactive presentations: Multimodal analysis of an audience-engaging strategy
Authors: Ruiz Garrido Miguel , Palmer-Silveira Juan Carlos 
Published: December 2023

Open science, an approach based on making research available and understandable to everyone, is currently attracting considerable attention. Online genres are a well-accepted means of democratizing science and spreading scientific research to reach the widest audience (Luzón & Pérez-Llantada, 2019). This paper explores one of these genres devoted to laypeople: FameLab presentations. These are online 3-minute talks on scientific and/or technological subjects which are part of an international competition. One aim of these talks is to engage the audience, and this strategy can be developed by both different language resources (Hyland & Zou, 2021), and multimodal ones (Fortanet-Gómez & Ruiz-Madrid, 2016; Luzón, 2019).

Our study focuses on analyzing how questions are used as an engagement device to attract the audience’s attention, and how they are complemented by multimodal features. Our dataset includes 20 FameLab presentations from the 2020 (10) and 2021 (10) editions, when they became live-stream, pre-recorded events because of the COVID-19 pandemic, unlike the traditional dynamics, when they were delivered as in-person live events. Following prior research (e.g., Thompson, 1998), we identified the questions appearing in our dataset, and found similar results to previous findings in comparable genres. We then conducted a multimodal analysis to determine common features among speakers. The results show the need to consider certain non-verbal features which accompany questions, supporting and emphasizing their engagement function. Our research may help understand how multimodal discursive practices are used to explain science, and how they can be transferred to the classroom of Languages for Specific Purposes.
MORPHOLOGICAL, AGRONOMIC, AND QUALITY PROPERTIES OF THE TWO DEVELOPED POPULATIONS OF ALFALFA (Medicago sativa L.) UNDER NON-IRRIGATED CONDITIONS OF SEMIARID REGIONS
Authors: ÜNAL Sabahaddin , EFE Berna , MUTLU Ziya , IŞIK Şaban , MİNTAŞ Hacer , HANOĞLU ORAL Hülya 
Published: December 2023

Alfalfa is the most important crop in Turkey but there is no alfalfa cultivar developed for rainfed conditions under the semiarid regions in Turkey. For this reason, new cultivars are needed for using of rangeland improvement, artificial pasture establishment, and hay production. For this reason, the two alfalfa populations were developed by the mass selection method in the breeding project. These two advanced populations (L-533, and L-1739) were examined with the three control cultivars of alfalfa (Bilensoy-80, Savaş and Kayseri) for morphological, yield and quality traits in two various regions of Turkey in three experimental years. The present study results demonstrated that there were significant differences in terms of the plant height, but no differences in stem diameter, and stem number among the study genotypes. When evaluating all genotypes, the L-533 and Kayseri had the highest yield value, but the Savaş cultivar was the lowest. As compared to Bilensoy-80 cultivar, the L-533, and L-1739 populations gave higher at 22.27 and 11.57% in green forage yield; 18.30 and 10.13% in dry forage yields, respectively.
In addition, statistically significant differences were found for ADF, NDF, and digestible dry matter yield among the study genotypes, except crude protein contents. Moreover, the highest crude protein content and digestible dry matter yield were obtained from the L-533 and L-1739, but the L-533 had also the lowest NDF content. The present study result showed that the L-533, and L-1739 had high adaptation capability, excellent yield, and good quality performance in dry conditions under semi-arid regions and could be used as commercial cultivars.
A Study on impact of Perceived Supervisor Support on Employee Stress in Aviation Sector
Authors: Hasijani Gunjan 
Published: December 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find the impact of Perceived Supervisor Support on Stress.
Design/Methodology/Approach: This study is based on descriptive cum causal research design and a sample of 200 employees was randomly selected from various Aviation employees working at the ground level.
Originality/value: The study examined the impact of Supervisor’s Support on Employee Stress.
Effect of Inorganic, Organic Nutrient Sources and Bio-Fertilizers on Growth Attributes, Biomass at Flowering and Nodule Weight of Phaseolus vulgaris (Rajma)
Authors: Vitthal Andhale Atmaram , Chate S. P. 
Published: December 2023

It is essential to adopt new techniques and management practices as integrated nutrient management. The combined use of organic, inorganic manures and bio-fertilizer not only increases the crop yield but also improves the physical, Chemical and biological properties of soil. As enhance these properties, we can enhance the growth rate at flowering and nodule weight of plant, Phaseolus vulgaris. It did positive impact on quality and yield of Rajama. To study this, nine treatments, three replications, RBD design and Dibbling sowing method was adopted. The growth and yield attributes i.e. height, number of branches plant-1, Number of pods plant-1, number of grains pod-1 were recorded highest when only inorganic fertilizers @ 150% RDF was applied and these plant characters were recorded lowest when only vermicompost was applied. Biomass production at flowering, grain and straw yield were highest due to application of 150% RDF of NPK through inorganic fertilizers. The lowest biomass production at flowering was recorded where 2.5 t vermicompost at sowing and 50 % N through urea at flowering were applied. The lowest grain yield and straw yield was recorded when only vermicompost @ 5 tonnes ha-1 was applied. Fresh weights of nodules were negligible.
Evaluation of Association Between High Frenal Attachment and Severity of Midline Diastema
Authors: P S Samyuktha , Kumar M Dr. Naveen 
Published: December 2023

Introduction: A "midline diastema" arises when there is a space of more than 0.5 millimeters between the proximal surfaces of two consecutive teeth. There is usually open space between the two central incisors. Depending on its width, a midline diastema can make speaking difficult and look unsightly. Genetic factors, large tongues, improper tongue positioning during rest or function, microdontia or hypodontia of upper lateral incisors, extra teeth between upper central incisors, particularly mesiodens, aberrant frenal attachment, periodontal disease, and extra teeth are some of the multifactorial causes of midline diastema. The aim of this study is to assess the association between high frenal attachment and the severity of midline diastema. Materials and method: The study involved 126 patients. We assessed the frequency of high frenal attachment and midline diastema in these patients. The Chi square test was used to examine the data in the SPSS Software. Results and discussion: The current study has arrived at a positive correlation between the frenal attachment type and the severity of the midline diastema space. Midline diastema might be transitory or result from pathogenic, developmental, or iatrogenic reasons. Treatment options for diastema vary, and each one calls for an accurate etiology diagnosis and prompt action appropriate to that etiology. A correct diagnosis needs radiographic and clinical examination, medical and dental history, and perhaps tooth size assessment. Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study, it can be concluded that there is a positive correlation between the frenal attachment type and the severity of midline diastema space. It was also observed that the most common frenal attachment type was papillary type and the space more commonly was 2-3 mm in length.
Feasibility of supplying electrical energy demands with off-grid hybrid renewable systems to supply a small hotel in the desert
Authors: Golkar Mohammad , Hajinezhad Ahmad , Moosavian Seyad Farhan 
Published: December 2023

<p align="justify">Considering the world’s ever-increasing need for energy, as well as the limited resources, pollution, and climate change caused by fossil fuels, it shows the necessity of using renewable energies more than ever. Iran has many tourist attractions. It is difficult to supply energy to welfare places in some of these areas due to the long distance from the city or the vulnerable environment, so their energy supply system is designed independently of the grid. Using a diesel generator to supply electricity can be considered the first solution for a hotel’s off-grid system, but this scenario has high costs and causes pollution. The second way is to use renewable energies such as wind and solar, but these energies are not stable due to weather conditions. One suggestion to overcome the periodicity of renewable energy sources such as the sun and wind is to develop a hybrid energy system in which excess electrical energy can be converted and stored. These resources, together with energy storage, can provide a system with better reliability that is suitable for off-grid applications. In the third case, the diesel generator can be combined with renewable energy. In this article, the electricity supply is for a small hotel with an area of 3995 m<sup>2</sup> located in the Varzaneh desert of Isfahan province. The average electrical load required is 1530 kWh/day, and the peak load is 118.76 kW. The simulation of the system has been done with HOMER software, and the results have been categorized based on the three scenarios mentioned as well as the total net present cost of the system. With the obtained results, it is clear that the most optimal system is one with a combined supplier of a diesel generator, a photovoltaic panel, a wind turbine, and battery storage. The NPC value of this system is $1,995,016; the renewable rate is 87.1%; and its emissions are 84% lower than in the case where only the diesel generator supplier has them.<strong><em></em></strong></p>
Divine Pedagogy in the Face of Educational Crisis. On the Approach of Joseph Ratzinger/Benedict XVI
Authors: Górecka Marzena 
Published: December 2023

Joseph Ratzinger – Benedict XVI, one of the greatest thinkers of mankind and the greatest Pope-theologian in the history of the modern Church, has devoted much attention to a critical analysis of the spirit of the age and the spiritual condition of modern people, living as if God did not exist. The Pope’s diagnosis is unequivocal and utterly pessimistic. He writes openly about the spiritual void, the drama of the times and even the tunnel in which humanity has found itself. At the core of this condition, according to Benedict XVI, there are two postmodern phenomena: relativism and secularism, leading people, above all young people, into spiritual regress and deformation. In the face of these threats and their disastrous consequences, the Pope from Germany proposes that the spiritual development of young people become the most urgent challenge and priority task to be carried out jointly by all the different groups of educators: parents, teachers, pedagogues, catechists, and the clergy. Of the many tasks and remedies needed to achieve success, which Benedict XVI outlined for educators in his speeches and writings, three aspects are particularly fundamental: personalism, theo- and Christocentrism, and integrity and reference to conscience. The perception of a young person as a subject through his or her ontological relationship with the living God revealed in Jesus Christ and the formation of a conscience, through which a young person may take responsibility for himself or herself and co-responsibility for others, guarantee authentic education and can restore hope to contemporary people and the world.
Ethical Aspects of Biometric Identification
Authors: Diac Madalina Maria , Damian Simona Irina , Butincu Bianca Diana , Knieling Anton , Bulgaru Iliescu Diana 
Published: December 2023

The term biometrics derives from Greek (bio=life and metrics=measure) and implies the measurement of biological signs. Biometrics is the science of recognizing people based on their physical, behavioral, and physiological attributes, such as fingerprint, face scan, iris, retina, and voice. The present paper aims to develop a study on biometric identification. The major objective of the study is to conduct a survey among the Romanian population on the importance and knowledge of biometric identification methods. This objective was achieved by assessing the knowledge held by the general population of Romania regarding biometric indicators and the degree of adaptability and openness of citizens related to the widest possible implementation of biometrics. The study was based on conducting a quantitative analysis using a questionnaire. Due to the high degree of accessibility, the online environment was chosen as a method of application, distribution being made through social networks. A biometric template digitizes the human body, it has been argued that the collection of biometric identifiers not only interferes with the privacy and right to protection of a person's data, but also with the integrity of an individual's body. In conclusion, the creation and storage of a unique biometric template must be seen in relation to the purpose of the operation. The protection of citizens from criminal activities is a primary obligation of the state. However, it must be exercised with due respect for a number of fundamental ethical values and in the light of modern human rights law.