bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specific Issues of Criminal Protection in the Field of Genetics: International and Spanish Experience
Authors: Shestak Viktor Anatolievich , Tsyplakova Alyona Dmitrievna 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
Methods for combining cloning techniques with genetic engineering techniques (gene manipulation) are currently being developed in order to enhance predetermined biological or mental characteristics. Admissibility of conducting research on human embryos is justified by the fact that it will help to improve the human species and free it from serious diseases. However, two competing rights stand in the way of legality of this practice. On the one hand, the right of a human embryo to development and life. On the other hand, the right of mankind to use all scientific means to fight more effectively against diseases and to receive organs and tissues for transplantation to improve the quality of life. Some researchers believe that human life, if regarded as a moral value, cannot be absolute.

Aims and Objectives:
This paper examines the relevant legislation on both international and national levels and the Spanish doctrine in terms of defining acts against genetics and evaluating effectiveness to criminalize them in order to ensure the balance between medical ethics and community best interests.

Materials and Methods:
This study is a description paper on gene-manipulation regulation in Spain, the EU and worldwide. It is based primarily on genetic, systematic-functional and systematization methods with regard to special legal ones.

Results and Conclusion:
There is a wide of international, supranational and national acts that governs gene manipulation and secures society from illegal actions. Still, there are vague issues to revise either by enacting amendments or referencing to doctrine. The perfect way to ensure community interests is to elaborate both.
Optimized Recovery of DNA and Subsequent Short Tandem Repeat Profiling of Different Tissues Sampled from Embalmed Human Cadavers
Authors: Afrifah Kofi Adjapong , Badu-Boateng Alexander , Antwi-Akomeah Samuel , Owusu-Afriyie Osei , Yankey Mishael 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Storage of specimens sampled from human remains for pathological testing, embalming for burial purposes, and for human identification often requires formalin fixation and/or paraffin embedding. Current knowledge in molecular biology techniques and forensic DNA analysis makes it possible to optimize the extraction of amplifiable DNA from formalin-fixed tissues by improving the pre-treatment, optimizing the digestion condition of proteinase K, simplifying the extraction protocol and purifying the extracted DNA with optimized volumes of alcohol.

Aim:
This research sought to extract amplifiable DNA from thirteen brain, bone marrow and cartilage samples from four formalin embalmed human cadavers.

Materials and Methods:
Brain, cartilage and bone marrow samples were taken from four different cadavers at autopsy at the Ghana Police Hospital mortuary in Accra, Ghana sixty-two days after embalming. An optimized preparation and DNA extraction protocol was carried out on all the samples. Brain samples were also taken from a non-formalin treated fifth cadaver of known STR profile, and standard DNA extraction performed to serve as positive control.

Results:
Our optimized protocol yielded detectable quantities of DNA from the samples when quantified with the 7500 Real-Time PCR equipment. The extracted DNA also yielded full STR profiles with varying peak heights for forensic identification purposes. The measured degradation indexes of the DNA samples were greater than 1.0, with peak heights of generated STR profiles above the limits of detection of the 3500 genetic analyzer.

Conclusion:
Our current study demonstrated an optimized method of DNA extraction from tissues (brain, cartilage and bone marrow) sampled from formalin embalmed human cadavers. The optimized protocol reduced the concentration of formalin fixation residues in extracted DNA from formalin-fixed tissues, thereby improving the amplification efficiency for STR profiling. Brain, bone marrow and cartilages can be a good source of DNA from embalmed and degraded human remains, though for skeletonized human remains together with teeth and long bones.
Genetic Polymorphism and Relationship Analyses of Standard Poodle and Bichon Frise Groups Based on 19 Short Tandem Repeat Loci
Authors: Mei Shuyan , Yang Jinlong , Li Jianping , Xiong Xin , Wang Menglei , Zhao Zhichao , Guo Yuxin , Deng Yajun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Context:
As the increasing number of pet canines, the identification of canine has attracted much attentions in the forensic field, however, the genetic diversities of pet canines still remained unknown.

Aims:
To explore genetic polymorphisms of 19 short tandem repeat (STR) loci and genetic relationships between the two studied canine groups and reference group.

Subjects and Methods:
In the present study, genetic polymorphisms of 19 STR loci and a sex-linked zinc finger locus were analyzed in a total of 594 canines in Standard Poodle and Bichon Frise groups from China.

Results:
A total of 166, 159 alleles were observed in the Standard Poodle, Bichon Frise groups with the corresponding allelic frequencies ranging from 0.0030–0.6108 to 0.0012–0.6148, respectively. The combined discrimination power and probability of exclusion of 19 STR loci in Standard Poodle and Bichon Frise groups were 0.9999999999999497, 0.999962884; and 0.99999999999999995, 0.999965955, respectively. Furthermore, the genetic distances between the two canine groups and Labrador retriever group were calculated, and the results indicated that Standard Poodle and Bichon Frise groups showed a closer genetic relationship, while the two canine groups had distant genetic relationships with Labrador retriever group. The result of population genetic structure revealed that genetic component distributions in the three canine groups were different. The predicted accuracies of the constructed random forest prediction model for three validation sets (25% individuals randomly selected from three populations with 808 individuals) were higher than 0.9, especially for the individuals in validation set from the Bichon Frise group is 1.

Conclusions:
The 19 STR loci could be used for individual identification, canine breed identification and paternity testing in the two canine groups.
Artificial intelligence in oral medicine and oral radiology
Authors: Kale Isha P. , Mhapuskar Amit A. , Jhawar Muskan , Hiremutt Darshan R. Prasad 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
The field of artificial intelligence (AI) has computational models that can learn from the data handed to them. The branch of oral medicine and radiology deals with diagnosis, treatment planning, and radiographic interpretation. The application of AI in this field has given a new perspective to this branch of dentistry.

Aim:
The current review article was carried out to discuss the applications of AI in the branches of oral medicine and radiology.

Methods:
Electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched with the keywords “artificial intelligence,” “oral medicine,” “oral radiology,” “recent advancements,” and “dental applications.”

Results:
Forty articles were studied and analyzed critically for this review.

Conclusions:
The implementation of AI in oral medicine and radiology has helped revolutionize the standard, worth, and extent of interpretation thus elevating radiology’s contribution to diagnosis and the general health of the population at large.
Optimized regression model for microhardness of experimental dental composite resins with nano-hydroxyapatite filler particles
Authors: Mirajkar Chaitali Keshav , Winnier Jasmin , Hambire Umesh 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Bioactive materials produce a biological reaction such as stimulation of pulpal cells for dentinal repair and induction of the formation of hydroxyapatite.

Aim:
The study was conducted to evaluate the microhardness of experimental dental composite resins (EDCR) containing nano-hydroxyapatite, zirconia, and glass filler particles.

Materials and Methods:
The EDCR was prepared with varying concentrations of barium aluminum fluoride glass (5–20 nm), zirconia (4–11 nm), and hydroxyapatite (20–80 nm) filler particles added to the organic matrix. The L9 orthogonal array was used to prepare a sample size of 27 samples. Disc-shaped specimens of 10 mm diameter and 4 mm thickness were prepared using the American Society for Testing and Materials E384 standard for testing the microhardness. The Taguchi’s method of optimization was used to obtain a composite with optimum microhardness. A regression model was developed.

Results:
EDCR with 23.7% of zirconia, 27.5% of nano-hydroxyapatite, and 20% of glass filler particles gave the optimum microhardness of 222.67 HV. The confirmatory experimental test of EDCR gave a microhardness of 225 HV. The model developed with regression equation for the microhardness was 60–123 Z + 114 H + 17.8 G + 2.48 ZH − 0.02 HG + 0.97 Z2 − 3.40 H2. The difference between the R
2 (99.9) and adjusted R
2 values (99.4) is <0.5, this shows that the model is acceptable.

Conclusion:
The EDCR developed after using Taguchi’s method of optimization had microhardness superior to that of the commercially available composite resins.
In vitro anticariogenic activity of aqueous extract of Psidium guajava leaf against Streptococcus oralis – A dormant pathogen for dental caries
Authors: Keerthi K. U. , Dinesh M. D. , Suji S. , Anagha K. P. , Anju K. V. , Vismaya R. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Dental caries is a complicated, multifaceted illness that affects teeth and leads to serious cavities both inside and outside the teeth.

Aim:
This study aims to determine the efficacy of Psidium guajava leaf extract against Streptococcus oralis.

Materials and Methods:

P. guajava leaves were extracted in water using the Soxhlet technique, and to identify the existence of several beneficial substances, phytochemical screening was carried out. The inhibitory properties of the aqueous extract were tested against S. oralis. Antimicrobial activity was determined by the agar well diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by the liquid dilution method, and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was determined by the agar plate method.

Results:
Qualitative analysis of phytochemicals by standard methods showed the presence of various bioactive compounds. Using the well diffusion method, it has been determined that P. guajava leaf extract has antibacterial activity against S. oralis. The determination of the MIC and MBC showed that the extract exhibited an antimicrobial effect against cariogenic bacteria.

Conclusion:

P. guajava leaf extract contains bioactive compounds that have a significant impact on the avoidance of dental cariogens. P. guajava leaf extract is effective against S. oralis.
Concurrent incidence of noma and necrotizing fasciitis in a male child: A rare clinical case report from a referral hospital in Northwest Nigeria
Authors: Bala Mujtaba , Bello Abubakar Abdullahi , Braimah Ramat Oyebunmi , Taiwo Abdurrazaq Olanrewaju , Abdullahi Mohammed Adam Sheikh 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Rationale:
Noma and necrotizing fasciitis are rapidly destructive gangrenous infections with different patterns of spread. This study aimed to present a case of concurrently occurring noma and necrotizing fascitis in a 3-year-old child.

Patient Concern:
A 3-year-old child with a low socioeconomic background presented with a main complaint of a painful wound on the gum, upper lip, and chest region.

Diagnosis:
Thorough history and examination revealed simultaneously occurring noma lesion extending from the inner labial mucosa to the upper lip and NF on the chest region on background anemia and malnutrition.

Intervention:
The patient was successfully treated with antibiotics, serial wound debridement, and supportive therapy.

Outcome:
The length of hospital stay was 6 weeks and there was uneventful healing. The patient is being followed up for complete resolution.

Lessons:
In this study, noma and NF were found to occur concurrently in a patient with malnutrition and anemia and Klebsiella species were the isolates in both wounds and could have been the common causative agent for both.
Center of resistance assessment of upper lateral incisors with different dentoalveolar bone height and crown–root ratio: A finite element method study
Authors: Vaishy Shivani , Biyani Shruti S. , Swami Vinit D. , Swami Vasanthi V. , Bhosale Veera 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
In orthodontics, the type of tooth displacement is very important for determining the best way to apply force and how the teeth will move as a result. The link between a tooth’s center of resistance (CRest) and the force’s line of action is crucial for effective orthodontic tooth movement. To regulate tooth displacement patterns, translation, or tilting, the CRest has been a crucial point of reference. Changes in bone support brought on by dentoalveolar bone loss cause a shift in CRest. To provide the same movement in a tooth with bone loss as in a tooth with a healthy-supporting structure, modification to the applied force system is demanded.

Aim:
The study aimed to assess the CRest of upper lateral incisor with varying dentoalveolar bone heights and crown–root ratio, with a finite element method.

Materials and Methods:
Eight three-dimensional finite element models of upper lateral incisors of varying dentoalveolar bone height and root resorption were developed, and a force of 1N was applied labiolingually. The CRest is derived by altering the moment/force ratio to produce the translation by the following formula: moment = Force × distance.

Results:
The CRest changes more coronally as apical root resorption rises and more apically as bone loss progresses. Moment/force ratio required to produce bodily movement increases in association with dentoalveolar bone loss and decreases with root resorption.

Conclusion:
To maintain physiologically acceptable movements with the least amount of harm to the supporting tissues, applied force and moment magnitudes must be adjusted in response to dentoalveolar bone loss and altered crown–root ratio.
Assessing impacted third molars: Cellular activity in dental follicles and dentigerous cysts
Authors: Aggarwal Dipanshu , Chandra Arushi , Gupta Sakshi , Jain Anshi , Shetty Devi Charan 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Dentigerous cysts are among the most prevalent odontogenic cysts associated with impacted teeth, particularly impacted third molars. Understanding the clinicopathological correlation between impacted teeth and factors contributing to cyst formation is essential.

Aim:
This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological correlation between impacted teeth and the factors associated with dentigerous cyst formation.

Materials and Methods:
The study analyzed a total of 30 cases, which were categorized into two subgroups: 16 cases of dental follicles and 14 cases of dentigerous cysts. Retrospective data were collected from the departmental archive, and demographic data along with clinical parameters were correlated. In addition, the Ki-67 index was assessed through immunohistochemical analysis for both study groups.

Results:
A clinical correlation between impacted teeth along with Ki-67 index in both dental follicles and dentigerous cysts was observed.

Conclusion:
Based on the findings, it is hypothesized that prophylactic extraction of impacted third molars should be mandatory, irrespective of their symptomatic or asymptomatic status.
Evaluating the knowledge and perception of electronic health records and computer-based patient maintenance among dental professionals
Authors: Sultan Amina , Sengar Poonam , Juneja Akanksha , Karim Bushra Ahmad , Sharma Anuradha 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Electronic health records (EHRs), considered one of the crucial advances in technological health-care delivery, have made medical details easier to procure from anywhere. It has a distinct edge over paper records, and medical literature also reveals that implementing EHRs is instrumental in refining the documentation quality. With this study, we understand its utility and prevalence in the current scenario.

Aim:
The current study investigated the knowledge and perception of EHR sand computer-based patient maintenance among Indian dentists. We also highlighted the current state of EHR in India while discussing the financial and legal barriers.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was done to assess the awareness and perception of EHRs among randomly selected dentists practicing in India. The questionnaire with three sections and 33 questions was distributed through Google Forms through E-mail to contacts and promoted on social media among various dental community groups.

Results:
We found that majorly private practices (30.4%) and multispecialty dental colleges (39%) opted for electronic dental records (EDRs). Largely, Indian dentists were utilizing hybrid formats which depicted their inclination to evolve with the everyday-upgrading digital dentistry. However, 47.5% of practitioners still fear their use due to the risk of data loss.

Conclusions:
The increasing prevalence of EDRs is a promise toward an absolute diagnosis, preventing medical errors with their availability at the point of care, reducing repetitive laboratory tests, and consequently the financial burden on patients.
Pleomorphic adenoma of the palate - A case series
Authors: Parvathi S. , Asokan G. S. , Namachivayam Narmatha 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Rationale and Patient Concerns:
This article highlights the case report of pleomorphic adenoma (PA) of the palate in a 37-year-old female patient and a 34-year-old male patient.

Diagnosis and Investigations:
Fine-needle aspiration cytology and computed tomography scan were performed to arrive at diagnosis.

Interventions:
Surgical excision was the most effective treatment plan. These tumors are mostly painless and are more common in the parotid gland, followed by the palate in case of minor salivary gland involvement. The tongue, tonsil, pharynx, floor of the mouth, lip, buccal mucosa, and retromolar region are other intraoral locations for this tumor.

Lessons:
PA is the most common benign salivary gland tumor, accounting for about 40%–70% of all major and minor salivary gland tumors. Palatal swellings are the most common complaints of patients; however, PA of the palate is a rare diagnosis. PA, also known as a benign mixed tumor, generally occurs in the parotid salivary gland and rarely in the minor salivary gland.
Dental practitioners’ knowledge and perception of root canal treatment in abutment teeth for fixed partial dentures – A questionnaire-based survey
Authors: Chockalingam Nagappan , Jessica P. , Kamaliprabha R. , Sethi M. Malavica 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
During fixed prosthodontic operations, the pulp is frequently subjected to mechanical and thermal strain. The level of pulpal and thermal injury is determined by parameters such as the amount of residual dentin, the heat generated, and the permeability of the dentinal tubules. Nevertheless, there is no accurate technique to gauge the pulpal response and the effectiveness of the treatment, the heat generated, and the permeability of the dentinal tubules.

Aim:
The survey intends to evaluate dentists’ perceptions and understanding of the necessity of preventative endodontic therapy for fixed partial dentures (FPD) in abutment teeth.

Setting and Design:
Questionnaire-based survey.

Methodology:
Four hundred people in Tamil Nadu who were among 453 dental professionals, undergrads, and postgraduates responded to an observational study.

Analytical Statistics:
Multiple linear regression analysis and descriptive statistics were both employed.

Results:
This survey sheds light on the clinical outcomes that lessen the likelihood of biological failure in FPD patients. Regarding biological failures in abutment teeth for FPDs, among dentists, 21.9% did not experience even one case, 85.6% experienced <5 out of 10 instances, and 11.4% experienced >5 out of 10 cases. Of 400 participants, 52.31% correctly identified deliberate endodontic treatment in abutment teeth for FPDs, while 47.69% gave incorrect responses.

Conclusion:
Among 400 participants 52.31% have correctly identified deliberate endodontic treatment in abutment teeth for FPDs. 47.69% have given incorrect responses. The survey tried to cover every aspect that should be considered when scheduling elective root canal operations.
The Effects of a 14-week Physical Preparation Programme on Developing Adolescent Seam Bowlers in Cricket
Authors: Hislen Scott , Kavaliauskas Mykolas , Ferrier Brendon , English Cedric 
Published: December 2023

From a physical demand point of view, fast bowling is reported to be the most demanding position in cricket. Unsurprisingly, physical preparation has been shown to enhance performance and reduce injury risk in adult seam bowlers. However, limited research has been conducted into the effects of physical preparation in youth developing seam bowlers.

Therefore,the purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a 14-week physical preparation programme on the developing seam bowler.

Six developing academy-level seam bowlers (18.1 ± 1.1 years) completed a 14-week periodised bowling- specific programme. Pre/post tests across various physical qualities (strength, power, muscular endurance, speed and aerobic capacity) and bowling performance (upper arm angular velocity) were recorded. Changes from pre-post testing were measured using a paired sample t-test (p ≤ 0.01) and effect sizes.

Post 14-week intervention, group relative changes showed improvement in strength (+8%), power (+2%), muscular endurance (+45%), speed (-6%) and aerobic capacity (+3). Within participant group there was no significant difference (p = 0.77) in upper arm angular velocity.

Positive improvements in all physical qualities were recorded post intervention. Interestingly, this did not translate into an increase in upper arm angular velocity. Future research should consider the benefits of mixed-methods research approach, where the technical and physical characteristics are closely aligned within developmental programmes, to enhance performance and reduce injury in this population.
Evaluating community participation as a rural tourism workforce
Authors: Mariam Kago , Singh M. Momocha , Khaire Rupali , Kumar Anuj 
Published: December 2023

Rural Tourism often focuses on culture, tradition, people, and exclusivity, which need protection and economic growth. Economic motives often prevail over other aspirations in tourism development. Hence, villages are slowly losing their uniqueness. Community participation is strongly needed to facilitate this fine balance. The paper aims to study the community’s level of involvement in tourism. The research is also carried to find the general attitude of people towards tourism activities, desire to volunteer, level of awareness, and any training attended in tourism. The approach used is a mixed method (both qualitative & quantitative) and is based on primary data & secondary data. Study shows that local community are willing to volunteer despite not engaging in tourism-related activities. The involvement of the Government & community is needed to build a favourable tourism ecosystem. For rural tourism to survive and endure, it needs feelings of ownership and active community involvement.