bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advertising and Other Public Statements
Authors: Bush Shane S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Many opportunities exist for neuropsychologists to educate consumers and recipients of services, referral sources, colleagues, the public, and others about neuropsychology in general and their services in particular. In addition, neuropsychological evaluation results and treatment status are conveyed to patients, referral sources, courts, and other relevant parties. The provision of complete and accurate information, privately or publicly, is consistent with the ethical principles of beneficence, nonmaleficence, integrity, and to the extent that such information is used to make decisions about the use of neuropsychological services, respect for autonomy.
Therapy
Authors: Bush Shane S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although assessment is the primary professional activity of clinical neuropsychologists, many also provide treatment. Psychotherapy with patients that do not have brain dysfunction is the second most prominent clinical activity, in terms of number of hours per week (4.86 hours), for neuropsychologists (Sweet, Grote, & van Gorp, 2002). Neuropsychologists as a group spend approximately 2.70 hours per week providing psychotherapy to patients with acquired brain dysfunction and spend the fewest number of clinical hours per week (0.64 hour) performing cognitive rehabilitation, with 81.3% of the survey respondents performing no cognitive rehabilitation, 9% performing 1–2 hours per week, and 6.6% providing 3–6 hours per week (Sweet, Grote, & van Gorp, 2002). Although considerable overlap exists between ethical requirements of neuropsychologists when conducting evaluations and providing treatment (e.g., competence, informed consent), some ethical issues are unique to or encountered differently in treatment contexts.
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury And Postconcussion Syndrome
Authors: Mccrea Michael A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This is the first neuropsychology book to translate exciting findings from the recent explosion of research on sport-related concussion to the broader context of mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) and post-concussive syndrome (PCS) in the general population. Traumatic brain injuries constitute a major global public health problem, but until now MTBIs, which constitute up to 90 percent of all treated TBIs, have been difficult to evaluate and manage clinically because of the absence of a viable model. This book provides a welcome evidence base for all clinicians involved in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of MTBI. Each section of the book ends with a helpful summary of the 'Top 10' conclusions. The book includes a Continuing Education (CE) component administered by the American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology.
Acute Symptoms and Symptom Recovery
Authors: Mccrea Michael A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As summarized in part one, the diagnosis of MTBI is based in large part on subjective symptoms reported by the patient. Likewise, end points of recovery after MTBI are most often determined by the complete resolution of self- reported symptoms. The diagnosis of postconcussion syndrome (PCS) is essentially reserved for those patients with persistent complaints after MTBI. In sum, the diagnostic and prognostic importance of symptoms after MTBI underscores the need to establish empirically defined parameters for the expected course of symptom recovery. Thankfully, recent studies have generated an evidence base on the natural history of symptom recovery after MTBI that can guide the clinician in interpreting a patient’s persistent com- plaints at the individual case level.
Acute Cognitive Effects and Early Recovery
Authors: Mccrea Michael A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although the persistent cognitive effects of MTBI weeks and months after injury have been extensively researched, relatively fewer studies more recently have provided objective, empirical data on the acute neurocognitive effects immediately following MTBI. This gap in the literature is due in large part to situational circumstances that limit the capacity for prospective re- search implementing standardized assessment methods immediately follow- ing MTBI. Standardized measures for assessing mental status and neurologic changes beyond traditional injury classification criteria (e.g., GCS) are quite uncommon in most trauma settings. Furthermore, injury severity grading systems may not be sensitive to subtle neurocognitive changes that present risks for more severe underlying neurologic complications after MTBI. In contrast, neuropsychological testing is considered a sensitive and sophisticated method for assessing concussion but typically is not feasible immediately after injury in most acute care settings.
Measuring Neurophysiologic Recovery
Authors: Mccrea Michael A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Advances in functional neuroimaging not only provide valuable insights on the mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of MTBI but also may pro- vide a new platform for measuring the early course of neurophysiologic recovery following TBI. For many reasons, functional magnetic resonance imag- ing (f MRI) may have various technological, methodological, and practical advantages over other functional imaging platforms when it comes to studying recovery and the effects of rehabilitation in TBI. Several investigators have implemented f MRI in the study of MTBI, including recent studies that have applied f MRI techniques in the investigation of sport-related concussion. Our research group lead by Thomas Hammeke and others at the Medical College of Wisconsin has included f MRI studies as part of a larger project tracking recovery of cognitive functioning, postconcussive symptoms, and postural stability in athletes following concussion. In keeping with the traditional sports concussion research model, all subjects undergo preseason baseline testing on several concussion assessment measures of cognitive functioning, symptoms, and postural stability. These measures are then repeated at several time points postinjury to track recovery after MTBI. Matched control subjects also complete identical protocol to establish the normal pattern of performance on serial testing.
Architecture of the Brain:
Authors: Goldberg Elkhonon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The brain consists of hundreds of billions of cells (neurons and glial cells), intricately interconnected by pathways (dendrites and axons). Several types of neurons and glial cells exist. Some of the pathways between neurons are local, branching within their immediate “neighborhoods.” But others are long, interconnecting distant neural structures. These long pathways are covered with white fatty tissue, myelin, which facilitates the passage of the electric signals generated within the neurons (action poten-tials). The neurons and short local connections together comprise the gray matter, and the long myelinated pathways comprise the white matter. Every neuron is interconnected with a myriad of other neurons, resulting in intricate patterns of interactions. Thus a network of mind-boggling complexity is constructed of relatively simple elements.
The principle of achieving great complexity through multiple permutations of simple elements appears to be universal and is implemented in nature (and culture) in a variety of ways. Think, for instance, of language, in which thousands of words, sentences, and narratives are constructed out of a few dozen letters; or think of the genetic code—a virtually infinite number of variants can be achieved through the combination of a finite number of genes.
Different Lobes for Different Folks:
Authors: Goldberg Elkhonon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Comparing the function of the normal and abnormal brain has been the mainstay of neuropsychology. It is understood that brain disease may take many forms, each corresponding to its own neurological or psychiatric condition: dementia, head injury, stroke, and so on. On the other hand, traditional neuropsychology and cognitive neuroscience have adopted an abstraction, the “normal brain,” envisioned as a grand average of all individual brains. This simplistic notion has been frequently taken to an absurd extreme in many areas of cognitive neuroscience, including functional neuroimaging, the increasingly dominant methodology allowing scientists and clinicians to examine brain physiology and not just brain structure. The imaging data were fitted onto “Talairach space” (named after its inventor), which is basically the brain of a single French woman, presumably selected on the assumption that it serves as a good approximation of all the other brains. To make matters worse, only one hemisphere was selected and mirrored, ignoring all we know about hemispheric differences.
Neuroscientists are not unique in recognizing and appreciating the diversity of human minds, talents, and personalities as variations of normality.
“What Can You Do for Me?”
Authors: Goldberg Elkhonon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For many neuropsychologists, like myself, science is a labor of love, but seeing patients is bread and butter. Traditionally, the clinical contribution of neuropsychology has been mostly diagnostic, with precious little to offer patients by way of treatment. Neuropsychology is not the only clinical discipline for years consigned to helpless voyeurism. Every discipline concerned with cognition shares this humbling predicament. A psychiatrist treating a schizophrenic patient or a depressed patient finds him-or herself in a similar position. There are ample pharmacological tools to treat the patient’s psychosis or mood, but very few to treat the patient’s cognition. Even though psychiatrists increasingly recognize that cognitive impairment is often more debilitating in their patients than psychosis or mood disorder, traditionally, very little direct effort has been aimed at improving cognition.
A neurologist treating a patient recovering from the effects of head injury does not fare much better. There are adequate means to control the patient’s seizures but not his or her cognitive changes, despite the fact that cognitive impairment is usually far more debilitating than an occasional seizure. Society has been so preoccupied with saving lives, treating hallucinations, controlling seizures, and lifting depression that cognition (memory, attention, planning, problem solving) has been largely ignored.
Frontal Lobes and the Leadership Paradox
Authors: Goldberg Elkhonon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the spirit of interdisciplinary parallels adopted in this book, I am tempted to apply the analysis of brain evolution to the understanding of the momentous historical changes unfolding before us today. In science the convergence of conclusions based on vastly different sources of knowledge is highly valued. It lends credibility to predictions and points to universal principles underlying diverse complex systems. The search for such universal principles shared by superficially different systems is at the heart of the new field of complexity emerging at the cutting edge of science and philosophy. In trying to grasp history, we may be able to draw on the insights of neurobiology. A striking parallel is becoming increasingly apparent between the changing world order and the evolution of the brain.
Superficially different yet essentially similar processes are developing in eastern and western Europe. To the east, the Soviet Union has collapsed. Whereas the Communist rulers of the fallen Soviet superpower lauded their regime as the dawn of a new era, future historians will view it as the last spasm of the 400-year-old Russian Empire in its borders from the mid-nineteenth century. Farther east, a similar fate may eventually await China.
Boss of Bosses
Authors: Kurth James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ever since the end of the cold war, the principal objective of U.S. foreign policy has been the promotion of liberal democracies, free markets, and open societies around the world. Insofar as national security—which had been the principal foreign policy objective during the cold war and before—was concerned, it had been assumed by both political parties and by three successive administrations that it could be subsumed and indeed best achieved under the more expansive objectives of democratization, globalization, and universalization of human rights.
Two Concepts of Sovereignty
Authors: Kennedy David M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Terrorism is neither the least nor the greatest of the threats facing the United States. Containing the terrorist virus and the rogue and failed states that incubate it is surely an urgent task. But it is far more important that America itself cease acting like a rogue state, one that repeatedly disrupts the fabric of international society, sometimes cavalierly, sometimes violently—and does so in large measure because a kind of Caesarism has infected the American body politic, rendering its leaders ever more enamored of military solutions and ever less accountable to the will of the American people. The most important tasks for American foreign policy today are two: to rebuild the nation’s role and reputation as a lawful and legitimate leader in the global community and to restore the American people’s ownership of the purpose, efficacy, and justice of their country’s continuing international engagement.
The Contribution of Constitution:Understanding a Child’s Temperament and Neurodevelopmental Profile
Authors: Hirschland Deborah 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
No, No . . . Yaya Do It All Yelf!” Eighteen-month-old Sarah sits on the hallway floor, feet stamping, eyes blazing. Her mother takes a deep breath and tries to figure out what to do. What she really feels like doing is crying—it’s only nine-thirty in the morning and this is probably the tenth time her daughter has shouted out the familiar command since waking up. The problem is, much of what “Yaya” insists on carrying out herself are things she isn’t yet capable of, in this case, tying the laces of her beloved red sneakers. Fifth percentile height, ninety-ninth percentile will, this child is a tiny bundle of energy, enthusiasm, and stubbornness.
Helping the Shy, Cautious, or Withdrawn Child:Getting to Work When a Youngster Holds Back From Connections, Play, and Conversation
Authors: Hirschland Deborah 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the process of assisting children who are strikingly shy or withdrawn, or who appear particularly cautious in the face of new experiences, we first look to understand whether their difficulties stem in part from constitutional issues. Then we consider the contribution of their experiences at home and elsewhere, whether English is their primary language, and how their families’ culture compares to their schools’ culture. Once there is clarity about why a particular youngster can’t jump into activities and relationships, we come up with specifically tailored strategies to help out.
Helping the Anxious Child:Getting to Work When a Child’s Worries, Fears, or Sensory Sensitivities Take Over Daily Life
Authors: Hirschland Deborah 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When a child struggles to keep his worries in check, the feedback loops in a family and classroom can become quite problematic. It’s not hard to understand why. Anxious children repeatedly check out their concerns with the adults they trust. Feeling increasingly hemmed in by the need to provide constant reassurance, these adults often try to organize the world in a way that allows a youngster to feel more at ease. Unfortunately, such efforts often end up with the child learning to avoid the things that frighten him, and to check in with adults even more frequently. Figuring out the right balance between leaning in and leaning out—giving a youngster the support he needs while also setting expectations for self-soothing—is a challenging but important task.
Geometry and Graph Theory
Authors: Bloch William Goldbloom 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The library, a s evoked in the story, has inspired many artists and architects to provide a graphic or atmospheric rendition of the interior. These range from Stefano Imbert’s lean and elegant drawing adorning the cover of this book, to the deliberately alienated Piranesi-like drawings of Desmazières in the Godine Press edition of The Library of Babel, to Toca’s beautifully symmetric honeycombs in Architecture and Urbanism, to Packer’s bold expressionist frontispiece in the Folio edition of Labyrinths, to a host of illustrations easily found online. All of these illustrations sacrifice, to some degree, accuracy in favor of artistic effect.
Openings
Authors: Bloch William Goldbloom 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, i assemble some facts for the purpose of sketching a picture of the mathematics Borges may have known and how it may have affected the story. In his prologue to the first part of Ficciones, Borges winks yet again at the reader when he writes “I am not the first author of the narrative titled ‘The Library of Babel’; those curious to know its history and its prehistory may interrogate a certain page of Number 59 of the journal Sur, which records the heterogenous names of Leucippus and Lasswitz, of Lewis Carroll and Aristotle.” This is precisely the issue of Sur in which his essay “The Total Library” appears.
Stability of the solution of a singular problem
Authors: Ghergu Marius , Rădulescu Vicenţiu D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The issue of the stability of a solution was raised in Chapters 5 and 6 for elliptic equations involving smooth nonlinearities. In this chapter we provide more results related to this matter, being mainly interested in the case of singular nonlinearities. The analysis we develop here is carried out in a general framework that includes the classical singular elliptic problems already considered so far and for which we have discussed the existence, bifurcation, and regularity. This fact will be illustrated by some examples presented in the last part of this chapter.
Golgi
Authors: Mazzarello Paolo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book is a complete biography of Camillo Golgi one of the most prominent European researcher between the Nineteenth and the Twentieth century, a period of dramatic scientific development. The life of Golgi was an extraordinary intellectual adventure in three major fields of biology and medicine, namely the neuroscience, the emerging cell biology and the new science of medical microbiology. In 1873 Golgi published the description of a revolutionary histological technique which allowed, for the first time, to visualize a single nerve cell with all its ramification which could be followed and analyzed even at a great distance from the cell bodies, the so called "black reaction" (later named the "Golgi method"). This invention provided the spark to a truly scientific revolution which allowed the morphology and the basic architecture of the cerebral tissue to be evidenced in all its complexity, thus contributing to the foundation of the modern neuroscience. It has been written that, in the same way Galileo Galilei was able to find new stars observing with his telescope any sky region, Golgi was able to find new nervous structures and nerve cells by applying his black reaction to any brain region. Finally, the details of the most complex structure in the known universe, the brain, could be characterized. Golgi also strongly contributed to the development of cell biology with the discovery of one of the major organelles of the cell, the "internal reticular apparatus" (later named the "Golgi apparatus" or the "Golgi complex" or simply "the Golgi") and to medical microbiology with his description of the human malaria parasitic development inside the red blood cells (Golgi cycle). He was also a prominent political figure who deeply influenced the Nineteenth century development of science in Italy.
Introduction: Between Revolution And Conservatism
Authors: Mazzarello Paolo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One winter day at the end of 1872, or the beginning of 1873, a scientist sat down to work at his microscope in the unlikely setting of an asylum for lunatics in northern Italy, and after focusing back and forth for a while ... What a fantastic sight! On a yellow, completely transparent background, there appear sparsely scattered black fibers, smooth and small or thick and prickly, as well as black, triangular, star- or rod-shaped bodies! Just like fine India ink drawings on transparent Japanese paper. The scientist gazes upon it in astonishment. He is more accustomed to the chaotic images produced by carminic acid and hematoxylin, which yield one dubious interpretation after another. Here, on the other hand, everything is absolutely clear, without any possibility of confusion. There is nothing more to interpret; one need only observe and note these cells, with their different, ramified extensions, like plants in the morning frost, covering an astonishingly large space in wavy lines; these smooth and uniform extensions which, springing from the cell, cover great distances, before suddenly splitting up into a bunch of innumerable fibers ... . The delighted and astonished gaze cannot tear itself away from this fantastic sight. Methodic wishful thinking has become reality.
“He Who Studies German Is A Traitor”
Authors: Mazzarello Paolo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The family name Golgi can be found in the old church records of Pavia; in the city old traces are still found, including a Torre di Casa Golgi (Tower of the House of Golgi) dominating one of the city’s main squares, Piazza della Posta. At the beginning of the nineteenth century Golgi’s grandfather, the hat maker Michele Golgi, married Angelica Nicolletti.
Sensory Corpuscles, Funnels, And Transfusions
Authors: Mazzarello Paolo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Since Mantegazza’s time, the professorships of histology and general pathology at the University of Pavia had been held by the same person. After Bizzozero’s departure for Turin, the professorship of histology remained vacant (until Golgi’s appointment) while general pathology was assigned to Achille De Giovanni, [1] an assistant of the clinician Francesco Orsi. De Giovanni was more interested in clinical medicine (even if from a biological perspective) than in general pathology. Indeed, he was also an instructor of practical medicine for the students of the Collegio Ghislieri. The return to Mantegazza’s tradition became possible only when De Giovanni was appointed professor of clinical medicine at the University of Padua in 1879, and Golgi could attach the adjunct professorship of general pathology to the professorship of histology. As a consequence, Golgi’s laboratory was enlarged to include “three rooms on the first floor of the same [palace of the] Botanical Garden” and few years later was moved again to “four rooms on the ground floor, still at the Botanical Gardens.” [2] The laboratory had no adequate equipment and its functioning depended largely on the enthusiasm and industriousness of the students and of the young graduates working with Golgi, and on their contribution to the lab expenses. Despite these difficulties, Golgi’s laboratory was rapidly becoming the most important center of biological research in Italy.