bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of unreinforced masonry infills on seismic performance of reinforced concrete frame‐shear wall buildings
Authors: Sharma Mayank , Singh Yogendra , Burton Henry V. 
Published: December 2023

SummaryReinforced concrete (RC) shear wall buildings with unreinforced masonry (URM) infilled moment frames are common in India and neighboring countries. This study assesses the influence of the URM infills on their seismic performance. Fully infilled, open first‐storied, and bare frame versions of a 25‐story shear wall building are considered. Multiple stripe analysis is conducted at five return periods to estimate their performance. Fragility functions for the collapse prevention limit state, which is based on seven engineering demand parameter exceedance thresholds, are generated and compared. The presence of infills (full or partial) is observed to have an overall positive effect on the performance of the RC frame‐shear wall buildings. The performance of the open first‐story building was comparable to that of the fully infilled building. The ratio of story shear carried by the moment frames and shear walls is studied at all return periods to understand the variation in frame shear wall interaction with increased damage for each building. In the case of buildings with infills, the frames carry a higher proportion of story shear at lower return periods. For all three buildings, the fraction of story shear carried by moment frames increases along the height of the building.
High school students' evolving alternative conception related to the volume of gas: A Lakatosian perspective
Authors: Park Chulkyu , Mun Seonyeong , Hong Hun‐Gi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this case study, informed by a Lakatosian perspective, is to identify how an alternative conception that originates in present learning but is related directly to subsequent learning contexts can be constructed. Before the study, one of the authors found by accident that a student who had learned about Avogadro's principle and chemical reaction in South Korea constructed an alternative conception related to the volume of gas. Later, we identified seven Korean high school students with the alternative conception through a test and analyzed their underlying understandings qualitatively through interviews. The results show that they had a scientific conception—core conception—and intuitive assumptions about implicit information of external representations—implicit assumptions—in common. The students' implicit assumptions could be divided into three types again: core assumption, auxiliary assumption, and context‐inducing assumption. The core assumption, like the core conception, played a significant role in constructing the alternative conception (hard core), while the auxiliary assumptions were incomplete implicit assumptions to protect the alternative conception (protective belt). The context‐inducing assumption was an implicit assumption bringing the context of the subsequent curriculum, and the core conception and the core assumption could be interpreted in this induced context. At the end of the study, the implications related to learning progressions were discussed.
OTU deubiquitinase 7B facilitates the hyperthermia‐induced inhibition of lung cancer progression through enhancing Smac‐mediated mitochondrial dysfunction
Authors: Sun Chao , Bai Jun , Sun Jingying , Sun Yang , Zhang Fan , Li He , Liu Ying , Meng Lian , Wang Xifang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHyperthermia, as an adjuvant therapy, has shown promising anti‐tumor effects. Ovarian tumor domain‐containing 7B (OTUD7B) is a deubiquitinating enzyme that is frequently found in a variety of cancers. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of OTUD7B in lung cancer hyperthermia and the underlying mechanism. A549 and CALU‐3 cells were respectively exposed to 42 or 44°C for the indicated times (0, 1, 3, or 6 h) followed by incubation at 37°C for 24 h. We found a temperature‐ and time‐dependent decrease in cell viability and an increase in apoptosis levels. Compared with 0 h, heat treatment for 3 h inhibited the proliferation and invasion of A549 cells, reduced the expression levels of mitochondrial membrane potential, IAP family members (cIAP‐1 and XIAP) proteins and ubiquitination of Smac, and increased Smac protein expression. Treatment with 10 μM Smac mimic BV6 further enhanced the anti‐tumor effect of hyperthermia. Next, co‐IP validation showed that OTUD7B interacted with Smac and stabilized Smac through deubiquitination. OTUD7B overexpression induced damage in A549 and CALU‐3 cells, while silencing OTUD7B caused opposite effects. Overexpressing OTUD7B enhanced the anti‐cancer effect of hyperthermia, while si‐OTUD7B reversed the anti‐cancer effect of hyperthermia, which was verified in the xenograft tumor model in nude mice. Taken together, OTUD7B may serve as a potential anticancer factor with potential clinical efficacy in the thermotherapeutic treatment of lung cancer.
A new wild emmer wheat panel allows to map new loci associated with resistance to stem rust at seedling stage
Authors: Mastrangelo Anna Maria , Roncallo Pablo , Matny Oadi , Čegan Radim , Steffenson Brian , Echenique Viviana , Šafář Jan , Battaglia Raffaella , Barabaschi Delfina , Cattivelli Luigi , Özkan Hakan , Mazzucotelli Elisabetta 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWheat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt), is a major wheat disease worldwide. A collection of 283 wild emmer wheat [Triticum turgidum L. subsp. dicoccoides (Körn. ex Asch. & Graebn.) Thell] accessions, representative of the entire Fertile Crescent region where wild emmer naturally occurs, was assembled, genotyped, and characterized for population structure, genetic diversity, and rate of linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay. Then, the collection was employed for mapping Pgt resistance genes, as a proof of concept of the effectiveness of genome‐wide association studies in wild emmer. The collection was evaluated in controlled conditions for reaction to six common Pgt pathotypes (TPMKC, TTTTF, JRCQC, TRTTF, TTKSK/Ug99, and TKTTF). Most resistant accessions originated from the Southern Levant wild emmer lineage, with some showing a resistance reaction toward three to six tested races. Association analysis was conducted considering a 12K polymorphic single‐nucleotide polymorphisms dataset, kinship relatedness between accessions, and population structure. Eleven significant marker–trait associations (MTA) were identified across the genome, which explained from 17% to up to 49% of phenotypic variance with an average 1.5 additive effect (based on the 1–9 scoring scale). The identified loci were either effective against single or multiple races. Some MTAs colocalized with known Pgt resistance genes, while others represent novel resistance loci useful for durum and bread wheat prebreeding. Candidate genes with an annotated function related to plant response to pathogens were identified at the regions linked to the resistance and defined according to the estimated small LD (about 126 kb), as typical of wild species.
The alleles bc‐ud and bc‐ur (previously bc‐4 gene), representing coding mutations within Vps4 AAA+ ATPase ESCRT protein, interact with other genes to condition resistance to BCMV and BCMNV in common bean
Authors: Soler‐Garzón Alvaro , McClean Phillip E. , Miklas Phillip N. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBean common mosaic virus (BCMV) and bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV) have a damaging impact on global common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivation, causing potential yield losses of over 80%. The primary strategy for controlling these viruses is through host plant resistance. This research aimed to identify and validate structural variations for the bc‐ud gene as revealed by long‐read sequencing, develop an efficient DNA marker to assist selection of bc‐ud in snap and dry beans, and examine the interactions between the bc‐ud allele and other BCMV resistance genes. A gene (Phvul.005G125100) model on chromosome Pv05, encoding a vacuolar protein‐sorting 4 (Vps4) AAA+ ATPase endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) protein, was identified as the best candidate gene for bc‐ud. An 84‐bp repetitive insertion variant within the gene, exhibited 100% co‐segregation with the bc‐ud resistance allele across 264 common bean accessions. The 84‐bp repetitive insertion was labeled with an indel marker IND_05_36225873 which was useful for tracking the bc‐ud allele across diverse germplasm. A different single nucleotide polymorphism variant within the same candidate gene was associated with the bc‐4 gene. Segregation in F2 populations confirmed bc‐ud and bc‐4 were alleles, so bc‐4 was renamed bc‐ur to fit gene nomenclature guidelines. The interactions of bc‐ud and bc‐ur with other resistance genes, such as bc‐1 (receptor‐like kinase on Pv03) and bc‐2 (Vps4 AAA+ ATPase ESCRT protein on Pv11), validated gene combinations in the differential “host groups” effective against specific BCMV/BCMNV “pathogroups.” These findings increase our understanding of the Bc‐u locus, and enhance our ability to develop more resilient bean varieties through marker‐assisted selection, reducing the impact of BCMV and BCMNV.
Elasticity Amelioration in transporting blood flow within curved stenotic tubes
Authors: Zaher A. Z. , Mekheimer Kh. S. , Elkilany S. A. , Awad A. M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn biomechanical devices, blood can be transfused through small, curved walls. Accordingly, this research highlights the study of blood flow in cases of stenosis of the elastic artery with curvature. The effects of bending on the shear and resistance through this elastic tube have been investigated. The moderate stenosis case has been used to simulate the governing equations for an incompressible and steady non‐Newtonian fluid, or “tangent hyperbolic fluid”. A perturbation technique has been used to obtain an analytical solution. The Rubinow & Keller model [24] simulates the flexibility of the stenosis artery walls. The results showed that increasing the parameters linked to the walls' flexibility made it easier for blood to flow through the stenosis area, which emphasizes the need for a thorough investigation of non‐Newtonian fluid flow phenomena. One of the most important threats facing humanity is blood stenosis. In microvasculature, there are many conditions in which the blood vessels are curved or twisted, especially in the case of disease.
Economics, Logistics, and (Human Resources) Management in Military Sciences
Authors: Soeters Joseph 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis chapters aims to introduce the section on economics, logistics, and (human resources) management in military sciences. The military is best known for its successes, or the lack thereof, on the battlefield. In this context, topics such as tactics, military leadership, and command and emotions like courage and persistence are often studied. Less well familiar is the idea that military success and defeat are highly dependent on the way the military organization has been structured, prepared, trained, and equipped before the real action starts. Similarly, it is underestimated how much military performance depends on financial means, logistics, and human resources during the action. The idea that economics, logistics, personnel policies, and management are only relevant in peacetime conditions is simply wrong. This chapter uses historical examples and insights from current management theory and research to make this clear, and, at the same time, introduces which topics will be reviewed in the other chapters of the section on management, economics and logistics. These issues play at the national level but certainly also in the international arena where the different allies and competitors meet.
Multicriteria Spatial Economic Decision Support Systems to Support Positive Energy Districts: A Literature Review
Authors: Bisello Adriano , Bottero Marta , Volpatti Marco , Binda Tiziana 
Published: December 2023

Abstract To meet the ambitious targets set by the European Union to reduce CO2 emissions, action in cities is essential. In fact, cities are responsible for 67% of the world's primary energy consumption and about 70% of energy-related CO2 emissions. To support the urban energy transition, widespread implementation of net-zero districts, or even better, positive energy districts (PEDs), is expected. PEDs could be defined as energy efficient and energy flexible urban areas that aim to provide a surplus of clean energy to the city through renewable energy. However, the development of the PED concept needs to take into account not only the technical issue of energy systems, but also the environmental, social, and economic aspects. To be effective, it is important to provide decision makers with tools based on a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) approach that can effectively assess the complexity of impacts from a multi-stakeholder perspective. The MCDA approach can be supported by a Geographic Information System (GIS) that helps to analyze the data and make it communicable to everyone. The purpose of this research, through a scientific literature review, is to investigate different MCDA supported by GIS in the framework of economic evaluation methods, aiming to contribute to the definition of an effective multi-criteria spatial economic decision making method to support and sustain the design and development of PEDs.
An excursion into the string spectrum
Authors: Markou Chrysoula , Skvortsov Evgeny 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We propose a covariant technique to excavate physical bosonic string states by entire trajectories rather than individually. The approach is based on Howe duality: the string’s spacetime Lorentz algebra commutes with a certain inductive limit of sp(•), with the Virasoro constraints forming a subalgebra of the Howe dual algebra sp(•). There are then infinitely many simple trajectories of states, which are lowest-weight representations of sp(•) and hence of the Virasoro algebra. Deeper trajectories are recurrences of the simple ones and can be probed by suitable trajectory-shifting operators built out of the Howe dual algebra generators. We illustrate the formalism with a number of subleading trajectories and compute a sample of tree-level amplitudes.
Inhibition of the membrane repair protein annexin-A2 prevents tumor invasion and metastasis
Authors: Gounou C. , Rouyer L. , Siegfried G. , Harté E. , Bouvet F. , d’Agata L. , Darbo E. , Lefeuvre M. , Derieppe M. A. , Bouton L. , Mélane M. , Chapeau D. , Martineau J. , Prouzet-Mauleon V. , Tan S. , Souleyreau W. , Saltel F. , Argoul F. , Khatib A. M. , Brisson A. R. , Iggo R. , Bouter A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCancer cells are exposed to major compressive and shearing forces during invasion and metastasis, leading to extensive plasma membrane damage. To survive this mechanical stress, they need to repair membrane injury efficiently. Targeting the membrane repair machinery is thus potentially a new way to prevent invasion and metastasis. We show here that annexin-A2 (ANXA2) is required for membrane repair in invasive breast and pancreatic cancer cells. Mechanistically, we show by fluorescence and electron microscopy that cells fail to reseal shear-stress damaged membrane when ANXA2 is silenced or the protein is inhibited with neutralizing antibody. Silencing of ANXA2 has no effect on proliferation in vitro, and may even accelerate migration in wound healing assays, but reduces tumor cell dissemination in both mice and zebrafish. We expect that inhibiting membrane repair will be particularly effective in aggressive, poor prognosis tumors because they rely on the membrane repair machinery to survive membrane damage during tumor invasion and metastasis. This could be achieved either with anti-ANXA2 antibodies, which have been shown to inhibit metastasis of breast and pancreatic cancer cells, or with small molecule drugs.
Genetic control of pod morphological traits and pod edibility in a common bean RIL population
Authors: García-Fernández Carmen , Jurado Maria , Campa Ana , Bitocchi Elena , Papa Roberto , Ferreira Juan Jose 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Key message
QTL mapping, association analysis, and colocation study with previously reported QTL revealed three main regions controlling pod morphological traits and two loci for edible pod characteristics on the common bean chromosomes Pv01 and Pv06.

Abstract
Bean pod phenotype is a complex characteristic defined by the combination of different traits that determine the potential use of a genotype as a snap bean. In this study, the TUM RIL population derived from a cross between ‘TU’ (dry) and ‘Musica’ (snap) was used to investigate the genetic control of pod phenotype. The character was dissected into pod morphological traits (PMTs) and edible pod characteristics (EPC). The results revealed 35 QTL for PMTs located on seven chromosomes, suggesting a strong QTL colocation on chromosomes Pv01 and Pv06. Some QTL were colocated with previously reported QTL, leading to the mapping of 15 consensus regions associated with bean PMTs. Analysis of EPC of cooked beans revealed that two major loci with epistatic effect, located on chromosomes Pv01 and Pv06, are involved in the genetic control of this trait. An association study using a subset of the Spanish Diversity Panel (snap vs. non-snap) detected 23 genomic regions, with three regions being mapped at a position similar to those of two loci identified in the TUM population. The results demonstrated the relevant roles of Pv01 and Pv06 in the modulation of bean pod phenotype. Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed a significant overrepresentation of genes regulating the phenylpropanoid metabolic process and auxin response in regions associated with PMTs and EPC, respectively. Both biological functions converged in the lignin biosynthetic pathway, suggesting the key role of the pathway in the genetic control of bean pod phenotype.
Structural changes in a metallic glass under cyclic indentation
Authors: Avila Karina E. , Vardanyan Vardan Hoviki , Urbassek Herbert M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUsing molecular dynamics simulation, a CuZr metallic glass was subjected to cyclic indentation to investigate cyclic hardening. Structural changes occurring after each indentation cycle were analyzed by examining the radial changes of the structural motifs in the vicinity of the indenter surface. The analysis revealed initial local structural modifications that corresponded to a more relaxed glass state, followed by a slow restoration of the initially destroyed structures. These findings provide new insights into the microstructural causes of cyclic hardening in metallic glasses.
Lectin-mediated, time-efficient, and high-yield sorting of different morphologically intact nephron segments
Authors: Roskosch Jessica , Huynh-Do Uyen , Rudloff Stefan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe kidney is a highly complex organ equipped with a multitude of miniscule filter-tubule units called nephrons. Each nephron can be subdivided into multiple segments, each with its own morphology and physiological function. To date, conventional manual approaches to isolate specific nephron segments are very laborious, time-consuming, often limited to only a specific segment, and typically have low yield. Here, we describe a novel, unconventional method that is superior in many aspects to previous protocols by combining low-cost fluorophore-conjugated lectins or agglutinins (Flaggs) with flow sorting. This allows the simultaneous separation of different nephron segments with preserved 3D morphology from mouse or human samples in under 3 h. Using a 200-µm nozzle and 5 psi, glomeruli, proximal, or distal convoluted tubules are sorted with Cy3-labeled Sambucus Nigra agglutinin (SNA-Cy3), Fluorescein-labeled Lotus Tetragonolobus lectin (LTL-FITC), or Pacific Blue-labeled soybean agglutinin (SBA-PB), respectively. Connecting tubules and collecting ducts are sorted by double-positive SBA-PB and SNA-Cy3 signals, while thick ascending limb segments are characterized by the absence of any Flaggs labeling. From two mouse kidneys, this yields 37–521 ng protein/s or 0.71–16.71 ng RNA/s, depending on the specific nephron segment. The purity of sorted segments, as assessed by mRNA expression level profiling of 15 genes, is very high with a 96.1-fold median enrichment across all genes and sorted segments. In summary, our method represents a simple, straightforward, cost-effective, and widely applicable tool yielding high amounts of pure and morphologically largely intact renal tubule materials with the potential to propel nephron segment-specific research.
Comparative assessment of chemical and biochemical approaches for the activation of lignocellulosic materials and emerging opportunities for expansin-related proteins
Authors: Hiltunen Salla , Sapkota Janak , Ioannou Eleni , Haddad Momeni Majid , Master Emma , Ristolainen Matti 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCellulose activation is a necessary step in many industrial processes including production of cellulose derivatives, regenerated cellulose, biofuels and biochemicals. Expansins and expansin-related proteins have been shown to disrupt the fibrillar aggregation and loosen the structure of lignocellulosic materials but typically lack lytic activity. Therefore, they offer a new but rather unexploited possibility for biomass to obtain better accessibility and reactivity. From an applied perspective, expansin-related proteins have been investigated for their potential to promote enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic substrates for the purpose of producing biofuels. The aim of this review is to compare conventional and emerging technologies relevant to cellulose activation, and critically evaluate the potential of expansin-related proteins for this purpose. As part of this assessment, methods to evaluate the action of expansin-related proteins on cellulosic substrates are summarized, and reported impacts are discussed in relation to source of the cellulosic substrate and treatment conditions. An outlook on prospective applications of expansin-related proteins is presented.
Democratizing neural machine translation with OPUS-MT
Authors: Tiedemann Jörg , Aulamo Mikko , Bakshandaeva Daria , Boggia Michele , Grönroos Stig-Arne , Nieminen Tommi , Raganato Alessandro , Scherrer Yves , Vázquez Raúl , Virpioja Sami 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper presents the OPUS ecosystem with a focus on the development of open machine translation models and tools, and their integration into end-user applications, development platforms and professional workflows. We discuss our ongoing mission of increasing language coverage and translation quality, and also describe work on the development of modular translation models and speed-optimized compact solutions for real-time translation on regular desktops and small devices.
How to teach responsible AI in Higher Education: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Aler Tubella Andrea , Mora-Cantallops Marçal , Nieves Juan Carlos 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn recent years, the European Union has advanced towards responsible and sustainable Artificial Intelligence (AI) research, development and innovation. While the Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI released in 2019 and the AI Act in 2021 set the starting point for a European Ethical AI, there are still several challenges to translate such advances into the public debate, education and practical learning. This paper contributes towards closing this gap by reviewing the approaches that can be found in the existing literature and by interviewing 11 experts across five countries to help define educational strategies, competencies and resources needed for the successful implementation of Trustworthy AI in Higher Education (HE) and to reach students from all disciplines. The findings are presented in the form of recommendations both for educators and policy incentives, translating the guidelines into HE teaching and practice, so that the next generation of young people can contribute to an ethical, safe and cutting-edge AI made in Europe.