bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a 3D printed phantom for commissioning and quality assurance of multiple brain targets stereotactic radiosurgery
Authors: Mukwada Godfrey , Hirst Andrew , Rowshanfarzad Pejman , Ebert Martin A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSingle plan techniques for multiple brain targets (MBT) stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) are now routine. Patient specific quality assurance (QA) for MBT poses challenges due to the limited capabilities of existing QA tools which necessitates several plan redeliveries. This study sought to develop an SRS QA phantom that enables flexible MBT patient specific QA in a single delivery, along with complex SRS commissioning. PLA marble and PLA StoneFil materials were selected based on the literature and previous research conducted in our department. The HU numbers were investigated to determine the appropriate percentage infill for skull and soft-tissue equivalence. A Prusa MK3S printer in conjunction with the above-mentioned filaments were used to print the SRS QA phantom. Quality control (QC) was performed on the printed skull, film inserts and plugs for point dose measurements. EBT3 film and point dose measurements were performed using a CC04 ionisation chamber. QC demonstrated that the SRS QA phantom transverse, coronal and sagittal film planes were orthogonal within 0.5°. HU numbers for the skull, film inserts and plugs were 858 ± 20 and 35 ± 12 respectively. Point and EBT3 film dose measurements were within 2.5% and 3%/2 mm 95% gamma pass rate, respectively except one Gross Tumour Volume (GTV) that had a slightly lower gamma pass rate. Dose distributions to five GTVs were measured with EBT3 film in a single plan delivery on CyberKnife. In conclusion, an SRS QA phantom was designed, and 3D printed and its use for performing complex MBT patient specific QA in a single delivery was demonstrated.
Representation Matters: Content Analysis of Breastfeeding Images in a Commercial Stock Image Bank
Authors: Dinour Lauren M. , Shefchik Melanie 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSeveral behavioral change theories posit that normative influences contribute to breastfeeding behaviors and disparities. Given that media has historically presented a narrow view of what is deemed normative in human milk feeding, this study describes who and what is represented in breastfeeding images available in a stock image bank, and whether differences exist based on the breastfeeding parent’s skin color. Using content analysis, the most relevant 2% (n = 2284) of breastfeeding and lactation images in Adobe Stock were coded for 60 variables within 12 categories, such as skin color, ability, setting, skin exposure, etc. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the sample, and the Chi-square test of independence and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare images of breastfeeding parents with light and non-light skin color. Most images portrayed breastfeeding parents and breastfed children with light colored skin, only one child, an infant-aged child, and no other person. Scant images included accessories considered non-normative. Light skin parents were more frequently depicted with a wedding ring compared to non-light skin parents. Non-light skin parents were more often photographed outdoors compared to light skin parents. Images of light skin parents more frequently showed breast skin, whereas images of non-light skin parents more often showed nipple and/or areola skin. The paucity of diverse people and portrayals of breastfeeding in many ways mirror, and may even perpetuate, societal breastfeeding challenges and inequities. These findings highlight an immediate need for an expanded library of images showcasing a wider variety of breastfeeding experiences.
Correlates of metabolic syndrome in people with chronic spinal cord injury
Authors: Di Giulio F. , Castellini C. , Palazzi S. , Tienforti D. , Antolini F. , Felzani G. , Baroni M. Giorgio , Barbonetti A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
We aimed at identifying clinical risk factors or early markers of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in people with spinal cord injury (SCI) that would facilitate a timely diagnosis and implementation of preventive/therapeutic strategies.

Methods
One hundred sixty-eight individuals with chronic (> 1 year) SCI underwent clinical and biochemical evaluations. MetS was diagnosed according to modified criteria of the International Diabetes Federation validated in people with SCI. Wilcoxon rank-sum test and χ2 test were used to compare variables between groups with and without MetS. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to reveal independent associations with MetS among variables selected by univariate linear regression analyses.

Results
MetS was diagnosed in 56 of 132 men (42.4%) and 17 of 36 women (47.2%). At univariate regression analyses, putative predictors of MetS were an older age, a higher number of comorbidities, a lower insulin-sensitivity, the presence and intensity of pain, a shorter injury duration, a poorer leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and an incomplete motor injury. At the multiple logistic regression analysis, a significant independent association with MetS only persisted for a poorer LTPA in hours/week (OR: 0.880, 95% CI 0.770, 0.990) and more severe pain symptoms as assessed by the numeral rating scale (OR: 1.353, 95% CI 1.085, 1.793).

Conclusion
In people with chronic SCI, intense pain symptoms and poor LTPA may indicate a high likelihood of MetS, regardless of age, SCI duration, motor disability degree, insulin-sensitivity and comorbidities.
Motor cognition in plants: from thought to real experiments
Authors: Bonato Bianca , Castiello Umberto , Guerra Silvia , Wang Qiuran 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMotor cognition involves the process of planning and executing goal–directed movements and recognizing, anticipating, and interpreting others’ actions. Motor cognitive functions are generally associated with the presence of a brain and are ascribed only to humans and other animal species. A growing body of evidence suggests that aneural organisms, like climbing plants, exhibit behaviors driven by the intention to achieve goals, challenging our understanding of cognition. Here, we propose an inclusive perspective under motor cognition to explain climbing plants’ behavior. We will first review our empirical research based on kinematical analysis to understand movement in pea plants. Then, we situate this empirical research within the current theoretical debate aimed at extending the principles of cognition to aneural organisms. A novel comparative perspective that considers the perception–action cycle, involving transforming perceived environmental elements into intended movement patterns, is provided.
Crowd-sourced symptom data in pollen allergy: testing a novel study approach for assessing the efficacy of food supplements
Authors: Dirr Lukas , Bastl Katharina , Bastl Maximilian , Bouchal Johannes M. , Berger Uwe E. , Grímsson Friðgeir 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Purpose
Pollen allergy can have a significant impact on a person’s quality of life. Recently, food supplements have gained in importance for persons suffering from pollen allergy. Still, there is not much research data on the efficacy of food supplements and the experienced relief, especially when choosing study designs that require less effort than randomized controlled trials (RCT).

Methods
A food supplement containing an Astragalus membranaceus root extract was administered to 328 voluntary participants during the 2018 birch, grass and ragweed pollen season in Austria. Participants documented their symptoms and medication intake in the online Patients Hay-fever Diary (PHD). All participants were asked to answer a quality-of-life questionnaire at the end of the study. Alongside with the adherence rate the overall symptom load index (SLI) and the nasal symptoms of the participants were monitored and compared to a filtered group of users from the PHD.

Results
The adherence rates range from 32.8% to 77.3%. Additional data like a quality-of-life questionnaire and the mean overall/nasal SLI showed differences between participants and the baseline. However, they were only statistically significant for the ragweed pollen season and the nasal symptoms.

Conclusion
The study design relied on the evaluation of crowd-source symptom data alone by comparing the participants with a baseline. The participant adherence turned out lower than expected; however a trend for reduced symptoms was found and is also supported by the quality-of-life questionnaire.
Anatomy Camp: A Medical Student-Run Outreach Program
Authors: Winter Ethan P. , Sammarco Josika , Hua Vivian , Martinez Orlando M. , Xiao Tianqi , Wish-Baratz Susanne 
Published: January 2024

Abstract Anatomy Camp is a medical student-run program for underserved youth from communities near the university. Middle and high school students are invited to visit the medical school for an afternoon of interacting with medical students, informal learning of anatomy and wellness, and becoming inspired to consider medical and STEM professions.
A Review on Engineering Transition Metal Compound Catalysts to Accelerate the Redox Kinetics of Sulfur Cathodes for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Chen Liping , Cao Guiqiang , Li Yong , Zu Guannan , Duan Ruixian , Bai Yang , Xue Kaiyu , Fu Yonghong , Xu Yunhua , Wang Juan , Li Xifei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEngineering transition metal compounds (TMCs) catalysts with excellent adsorption-catalytic ability has been one of the most effective strategies to accelerate the redox kinetics of sulfur cathodes. Herein, this review focuses on engineering TMCs catalysts by cation doping/anion doping/dual doping, bimetallic/bi-anionic TMCs, and TMCs-based heterostructure composites. It is obvious that introducing cations/anions to TMCs or constructing heterostructure can boost adsorption-catalytic capacity by regulating the electronic structure including energy band, d/p-band center, electron filling, and valence state. Moreover, the electronic structure of doped/dual-ionic TMCs are adjusted by inducing ions with different electronegativity, electron filling, and ion radius, resulting in electron redistribution, bonds reconstruction, induced vacancies due to the electronic interaction and changed crystal structure such as lattice spacing and lattice distortion. Different from the aforementioned two strategies, heterostructures are constructed by two types of TMCs with different Fermi energy levels, which causes built-in electric field and electrons transfer through the interface, and induces electron redistribution and arranged local atoms to regulate the electronic structure. Additionally, the lacking studies of the three strategies to comprehensively regulate electronic structure for improving catalytic performance are pointed out. It is believed that this review can guide the design of advanced TMCs catalysts for boosting redox of lithium sulfur batteries.
An Environment-Tolerant Ion-Conducting Double-Network Composite Hydrogel for High-Performance Flexible Electronic Devices
Authors: Zhao Wenchao , Zhou Haifeng , Li Wenkang , Chen Manlin , Zhou Min , Zhao Long 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHigh-performance ion-conducting hydrogels (ICHs) are vital for developing flexible electronic devices. However, the robustness and ion-conducting behavior of ICHs deteriorate at extreme temperatures, hampering their use in soft electronics. To resolve these issues, a method involving freeze–thawing and ionizing radiation technology is reported herein for synthesizing a novel double-network (DN) ICH based on a poly(ionic liquid)/MXene/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PMP DN ICH) system. The well-designed ICH exhibits outstanding ionic conductivity (63.89 mS cm−1 at 25 °C), excellent temperature resistance (− 60–80 °C), prolonged stability (30 d at ambient temperature), high oxidation resistance, remarkable antibacterial activity, decent mechanical performance, and adhesion. Additionally, the ICH performs effectively in a flexible wireless strain sensor, thermal sensor, all-solid-state supercapacitor, and single-electrode triboelectric nanogenerator, thereby highlighting its viability in constructing soft electronic devices. The highly integrated gel structure endows these flexible electronic devices with stable, reliable signal output performance. In particular, the all-solid-state supercapacitor containing the PMP DN ICH electrolyte exhibits a high areal specific capacitance of 253.38 mF cm−2 (current density, 1 mA cm−2) and excellent environmental adaptability. This study paves the way for the design and fabrication of high-performance multifunctional/flexible ICHs for wearable sensing, energy-storage, and energy-harvesting applications.
Patient preferences in geriatric wards, a survey of health care professionals’ practice, experience and attitudes
Authors: Ihle-Hansen Hege , Pedersen R. , Westbye S. F. , Sævareid T. J. L. , Brøderud L. , Larsen M. H. , Hermansen K. , Rostoft S. , Romøren M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
We aimed to identify whether health care professionals (HCP) examine their patient and next-of-kin preferences, and to study whether medical decisions follow these preferences.

Method
A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted with multidisciplinary HCP from 12 geriatric wards in the South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority.

Results
Of the 289 HCPs responding (response rate 61%), mean age 37.8 years (SD 11.3), 235 (81.3%) women, 12.4 (SD 9.6) years of experience and 67 (23.2%) medical doctors, only half report clarifying patients’ preferences. The majority reported that they did not inform, involve and treat in line with such preferences. However, 53% believe that HCP, patients and next-of-kin should make clinical decisions together.

Discussion
Our findings indicate a lack of engagement in conversation and inclusion of patient preferences when providing health interventions in geriatric wards. Measures for change of culture are needed.
Postdigital Duoethnography: An Inquiry into Human-Artificial Intelligence Synergies
Authors: Brailas Alexios 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this article, I explore the evolving affordances of artificial intelligence technologies. Through an evocative dialogue with ChatGPT, a form of a postdigital duoethnography between a human and an artificial intelligence algorithm, I discuss issues of knowledge production, research methods, epistemology, creativity, entropy, and self-organization. By reflecting on my own lived experience during this dialogue, I explore how human-artificial intelligence synergies can facilitate new insights and amplify human creative potential. As human-artificial intelligence entanglements activate multiple possibilities, I emphasize how understanding the impact of technology on individuals and communities becomes a critical challenge. In an era where the postdigital becomes the dominant narrative of science and education, the human mind will never be the same again. However, it is not given how human beings and artificial intelligence technologies are going to coevolve as parts of a complex postdigital confluence. Although I make no specific prediction of the future, I make the call for a relationship between humans and technology, informed by complex living systems epistemology, that will promote a more empowering postdigital narrative for individuals and communities. To this direction, this article introduces a methodological framework for the practice of postdigital duoethnography.
Nutritional Considerations for Female Rock Climbers
Authors: Leslie-Wujastyk Mina , Gibson-Smith Edward 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Despite growing participation, there is limited research into the nutritional needs of climbers and none specific to female climbers. Female athletes in general are still significantly under-represented in sport and nutritional science research. The physiological requirements of climbing are extensive and variable, demanding both highly developed anaerobic and aerobic energy systems. Finger strength, upper body power and training hours have been highlighted as the key determinants of climbing performance in females. Nutritional implications of this include adequate energy and carbohydrate availability, appropriate protein intake and timing for recovery, and use of specific supplements. As a weight sensitive sport, energy intake and availability are key areas of consideration for female climbers’ health and performance. Consideration of macronutrient intake and timing with an understanding of sex hormone interaction across the menstrual cycle confers some considerations to nutritional guidelines. Micronutrients of particular interest to the female climber include iron, vitamin D and calcium. Appropriate supplement use may be beneficial, however more research is needed to provide any female specific dosing strategies. It may be premature to prescribe generalised female specific nutrition recommendations for climbers. A personalised approach that considers the individual’s menstrual cycle and experience is recommended. Further research into nutrition for the female climber is warranted.
Educational disparities in cancer incidence, stage, and survival in Oslo
Authors: Al-Rammahy Afaf , Fadum Elin Anita , Nilssen Yngvar , Larsen Inger Kristin , Hem Erlend , Bringedal Berit Horn 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to examine disparities in cancer incidence, stage at diagnosis, and survival rates across districts with differences in education levels in Oslo, Norway.

Methods
Aggregated data from the Cancer Registry of Norway in the period 2013-2021 were used to describe the distribution of cancer incidence and survival across Oslo’s 15 administrative districts, subsequently grouped into three areas based on the population’s level of education. Age-standardised incidence rates and five-year relative survival were calculated for colon, rectal, lung, melanoma, breast, and prostate cancer. The stage at the time of diagnosis was categorised as localised, regional, distant, and unknown for all cancer types except breast cancer, which was categorised into stage I-IV and unknown.

Results
Mid- and high-education areas had higher incidences of breast, melanoma, and prostate cancer, while the low-education area had higher incidence rates for lung cancer. The low-education area had a higher proportion diagnosed at a distant stage than the other groups for all cancer types studied, except breast cancer. The mid- and high-education areas had higher five-year relative survival rates overall.

Conclusions
Incidence, stage at diagnosis, and survival varied between education areas. The variation indicates disparities in healthcare access, quality of care, and health behaviours. Addressing these disparities can help improve overall health outcomes and promote health equity.
On the Solution of Caputo Fractional High-Order Three-Point Boundary Value Problem with Applications to Optimal Control
Authors: Shivanian Elyas 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This research paper establishes the existence and uniqueness of solutions for a non-integer high-order boundary value problem, incorporating the Caputo fractional derivative with a non-local type boundary condition. The analytical approach involves the introduction of the fractional Green’s function. To analyze our findings effectively, we apply the Banach contraction fixed point theorem as the primary principle. Furthermore, we illustrate our results through the presentation of various examples.
A human antibody derived from original SARS-CoV-2 infection effectively neutralizes omicron
Authors: Li Tingting , Zhou Bingjie , Dong Haoyu , Lavillette Dimitri , Li Dianfan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) Variants of Concern (VOCs), such as the Omicron sub-variants, present significant challenges in pandemic control due to their capacity to escape antibodies and breach vaccine protections. Discovering antibodies that can tolerate mutations in VOCs and understanding their underlying mechanisms is crucial for developing therapeutics for COVID-19 patients, particularly those for whom other therapies may be unsuitable. Here, we report the neutralization of the Omicron variant by FD20, a broadly active human monoclonal antibody. In contrast to a clinically approved control antibody, FD20 neutralizes Omicron with comparable IC50 values to those observed for previously circulating VOCs and the original strain reported in Wuhan. Leveraging structural information, we provide insights into its resilience against mutations in Omicron. The results encourage the prospective development of FD20 as a therapeutic option for COVID-19 caused by current and potentially future VOCs.
Captive Objects
Authors: Hershenzon Daniel 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Catholic artifacts—images and sculptures of Christ, the Virgin, and various saints, as well as rosaries, crucifixes, and liturgical objects—circulated in their thousands throughout the early modern western Mediterranean. This mobility was largely an indirect byproduct of privateering and human trafficking, which bound together Spain’s Mediterranean territories, Morocco, and Ottoman Algiers. The disruptive moment of captivity set these otherwise disparate objects on common trajectories, making it interesting to study them as a category. The article argues that Catholic artifacts played surprising roles in the experience of Catholic captives, renegades, and their Muslim masters, and in the economy of ransom that facilitated the rescue of captives. Against the design of their initial distributors, such objects provided captives, converts, and masters with unexpected affordances, and in so doing helped blur the boundary between the religions, creating new entanglements between members of these groups and Catholic materiality. The argument is developed in three stages. First, the article claims that the surge in captivity following the Spanish-Ottoman truce of 1581 meant that more devotional objects were sent from Spain to Catholics held captive in the Maghrib. Second, it asserts that some of these artifacts ended up serving converts to Islam, while others were plundered by Algerian and Moroccan rulers. Third, the article contends that plunder and repurposing afforded captives the power to redeem an emblem of their God, provided Trinitarians and Mercedarians with opportunities to ransom objects and gain fame back home, and helped Maghribi rulers to secure religious privileges for their subjects enslaved in Spain. Focusing on their mobility demonstrates the degree to which Catholic objects continued to articulate and mediate social, political, and economic relations in the western Mediterranean over the long seventeenth century.