bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rethinking maternal gatekeeping from a life‐course perspective: A study of post‐separation families
Authors: Moles‐Kalt Benjamin , Sánchez‐Mira Núria , Bernardi Laura 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe article examines how maternal gatekeeping practices evolve in the post‐separation trajectory and identifies the main relational and contextual factors shaping these processes over time.BackgroundStudies of maternal gatekeeping have only recently begun to include post‐separation families based on cross‐sectional research designs. This article is theoretically grounded in a life‐course and human agency framework, and it both offers a novel understanding of maternal gatekeeping as a dynamic process and examines its relational embeddedness.MethodsThe data stem from the prospective qualitative study “The multiple paths of lone parenthood,” which has been ongoing in Switzerland for over a decade and includes four waves of semistructured interviews with mothers who have experienced lone parenthood (N = 88 interviews).ResultsMost mothers reported active facilitation practices at the beginning of their trajectory, encouraging the father–child relationship. Subsequently, shifts toward hands‐off or active gate‐closing practices took place over time along with the evolution of relational circumstances, such as the father's involvement or children's autonomy, or by an accumulation of negative experiences.ConclusionThe relationship with the nonresident father creates ongoing moral dilemmas for mothers over the post‐separation trajectory. Indeed, these mothers must navigate social norms that emphasize the importance of ensuring father–child contact while safeguarding the child's well‐being and ensuring that the father complies with visitation arrangements and alimony.ImplicationsProfessional support and legal regulations should consider the moral dilemmas experienced by mothers by establishing measures to relieve separated mothers of the need to take the initiative to obtain the father's compliance with their obligations.
A sample preparation guide for clay‐rich carbonaceous chondrites
Authors: Wilson Bennett J. K. , Di Cecco Veronica E. , Garvie Laurence A. J. , Tait Kimberly T. , Daly Michael G. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe matrix of the C2‐ungrouped Tarda meteorite contains abundant smectite minerals that swell and crumble when exposed to polar liquids, causing the sample to rapidly slake. This phenomenon presents a serious challenge when polishing the meteorite, as common polishing liquids used on carbonaceous chondrites, such as water, ethanol, ethylene glycol, and isopropyl alcohol, are polar and will cause the sample to swell, making it unsuitable for some analyses. Hexane and mineral oil are nonpolar liquids that were found to not induce swelling on highly expansive montmorillonite‐clay analog material and were effectively integrated into a polishing procedure for Tarda. Here, we detail a procedure for mounting, cutting, and polishing the Tarda meteorite to prepare a surface that is suitable for a variety of sensitive techniques, such as electron microprobe analysis. This work offers a practical methodology for the preparation of other clay‐rich samples, which may include the recently returned Ryugu and Bennu materials.
Topographic barriers drive the pronounced genetic subdivision of a range‐limited fossorial rodent
Authors: Reuber Victoria M. , Westbury Michael V. , Rey‐Iglesia Alba , Asefa Addisu , Farwig Nina , Miehe Georg , Opgenoorth Lars , Šumbera Radim , Wraase Luise , Wube Tilaye , Lorenzen Eline D. , Schabo Dana G. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDue to their limited dispersal ability, fossorial species with predominantly belowground activity usually show increased levels of population subdivision across relatively small spatial scales. This may be exacerbated in harsh mountain ecosystems, where landscape geomorphology limits species' dispersal ability and leads to small effective population sizes, making species relatively vulnerable to environmental change. To better understand the environmental drivers of species' population subdivision in remote mountain ecosystems, particularly in understudied high‐elevation systems in Africa, we studied the giant root‐rat (Tachyoryctes macrocephalus), a fossorial rodent confined to the afro‐alpine ecosystem of the Bale Mountains in Ethiopia. Using mitochondrial and low‐coverage nuclear genomes, we investigated 77 giant root‐rat individuals sampled from nine localities across its entire ~1000 km2 range. Our data revealed a distinct division into a northern and southern group, with no signs of gene flow, and higher nuclear genetic diversity in the south. Landscape genetic analyses of the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes indicated that population subdivision was driven by slope and elevation differences of up to 500 m across escarpments separating the north and south, potentially reinforced by glaciation of the south during the Late Pleistocene (~42,000–16,000 years ago). Despite this landscape‐scale subdivision between the north and south, weak geographic structuring of sampling localities within regions indicated gene flow across distances of at least 16 km at the local scale, suggesting high, aboveground mobility for relatively long distances. Our study highlights that despite the potential for local‐scale gene flow in fossorial species, topographic barriers can result in pronounced genetic subdivision. These factors can reduce genetic variability, which should be considered when developing conservation strategies.
Experimentally informed modeling of the early‐age stress evolution in cementitious materials using exponential conversion from creep to relaxation
Authors: Liang Minfei , Luzio Giovanni Di , Schlangen Erik , Šavija Branko 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study presents comprehensive numerical modeling methods for simulating early‐age stress (EAS) relaxation in cementitious materials, based on the autogenous deformation (AD), elastic modulus, creep, and stress continuously tested by a mini temperature stress testing machine (Mini‐TSTM) and a mini AD testing machine from a very early age (i.e., from a few hours to a week). Four methods for converting creep compliance to relaxation modulus were discussed in detail and used for the one‐dimensional (1D) and three‐dimensional (3D) simulation of stress evolution in the Mini‐TSTM test. Furthermore, virtual creep and relaxation tests were conducted using an exponential algorithm with either the Kelvin or Maxwell chains to show their applicability in simulating the viscoelastic behavior of early‐age cementitious materials. The results showed that the exponential algorithm with the Maxwell chain using an exponential conversion function from creep to relaxation obtains good prediction accuracy of EAS in 3D analysis. The numerical solutions of the Volterra integral of creep compliance can lead to a negative relaxation modulus, thus introducing stress calculation errors in both 1D and 3D analysis.
Damage index based on the strain‐to‐displacement relation for health monitoring of railway bridges
Authors: Quqa Said , Palermo Antonio , Marzani Alessandro 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel damage index for railway bridges based on synchronous strain and displacement data collected at the passage of trains. The approach identifies a transformation operator that converts strains into displacements in a data‐driven fashion without prior structural knowledge and with no parameter selection. The displacement prediction error is proposed as a robust damage index, insensitive to the vehicle loads and temperature effects. Numerical simulations and data generated through the calibrated finite element model of a steel truss bridge showcase the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
The phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase inhibitor AIP induces rice defence against the root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola
Authors: Liu Jing , Lefevere Hannes , Coussement Louis , Delaere Ilse , De Meyer Tim , Demeestere Kristof , Höfte Monica , Gershenzon Jonathan , Ullah Chhana , Gheysen Godelieve 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL) enzyme catalyses the conversion of l‐phenylalanine to trans‐cinnamic acid. This conversion is the first step in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in plants. The phenylpropanoid pathway produces diverse plant metabolites that play essential roles in various processes, including structural support and defence. Previous studies have shown that mutation of the PAL genes enhances disease susceptibility. Here, we investigated the functions of the rice PAL genes using 2‐aminoindan‐2‐phosphonic acid (AIP), a strong competitive inhibitor of PAL enzymes. We show that the application of AIP can significantly reduce the PAL activity of rice crude protein extracts in vitro. However, when AIP was applied to intact rice plants, it reduced infection of the root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola. RNA‐seq showed that AIP treatment resulted in a rapid but transient upregulation of defence‐related genes in roots. Moreover, targeted metabolomics demonstrated higher levels of jasmonates and antimicrobial flavonoids and diterpenoids accumulating after AIP treatment. Furthermore, chemical inhibition of the jasmonate pathway abolished the effect of AIP on nematode infection. Our results show that disturbance of the phenylpropanoid pathway by the PAL inhibitor AIP induces defence in rice against M. graminicola by activating jasmonate‐mediated defence.
Gastrointestinal complications in pediatric lung transplant recipients: Incidence, risk factors, and effects on patient outcomes
Authors: Klouda Timothy , Ryan E Morgan , Leonard Jessica Brie , Freiberger Dawn , Midyat Levent , Dahlberg Suzanne , Rosen Rachel , Visner Gary 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundGastrointestinal (GI) complications in lung transplant recipients can occur any time during the post‐operative period, leading to prolonged morbidity and mortality. Despite the negative association between GI complications and patient outcomes, little is known about their incidence and risk factors for their development in pediatric lung transplant recipients.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review at one pediatric tertiary center to describe the frequency of GI complications in lung transplant recipients. We identified potential risk factors for the diagnosis of gastroparesis, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and aspiration in the post‐transplant period. Lastly, we investigated the association of these complications with mortality and graft survival.Results84.3% of lung transplant recipients experienced at least one GI complication in the post‐transplant period. Gastroparesis (52.9%), GERD (41.2%), and oropharyngeal dysphagia/laryngeal penetration (33.3%) were the most common complications diagnosed. Post‐operative opioid exposure was a risk factor for gastroparesis, with the odds increasing 3.0% each day a patient was prescribed opioids (p = .021). The risk of death or retransplant in individuals who experienced gastroparesis was 2.7 times higher than those not diagnosed with gastroparesis (p = .027).ConclusionExposure to opioids in the post‐operative period is a risk factor for gastroparesis and a prolonged hospitalization placed patients at risk for aspiration. Gastroparesis was associated with increased patient mortality and graft failure, while aspiration and GERD had no effect on long term outcomes. Future prospective studies investigating the relationship between opioid use and the development of a gastroparesis are necessary to improve patient outcomes.
Photoprotective effects of Lithospermum erythrorhizon and Pueraria lobata extracts on UVB‐induced photoaging: A study on skin barrier protection
Authors: Lee Sungjin , Oh Sarang , Zheng Qiwen , Zheng Shengdao , Kim Myeongju , Park Sejig , Choi Wonmi , Yin Chang Shik , Yi Tae‐Hoo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimLithospermum erythrorhizon and Pueraria lobata exhibit promising potential as cosmetic additives for mitigating skin barrier impairment induced by photoaging. Despite their potential, the precise mechanisms underlying their protective and ameliorative effects remain elusive. This study sought to assess the reparative properties of Lithospermum erythrorhizon and Pueraria lobata extracts (LP) on UVB‐irradiated human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) and explore the therapeutic potential of LP as a skin barrier protection agent.Materials and MethodsAntioxidant activities were gauged through 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays. The expression levels of skin barrier‐related markers, encompassing metalloproteinases (MMPs) and hyaluronidase (HYAL) were scrutinized using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), reverse transcriptase (RT)‐PCR, and Western blotting, with a particular focus on the involvement of the transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β/Smad and nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) signaling pathways.ResultsThe study revealed that LP effectively scavenges free radicals, diminishes ROS production in a dose‐dependent manner, and significantly attenuates UVB‐induced expression of MMP‐1 and MMP‐3 through modulation of the hyaluronan synthase (HAS)2/HYAL1 signaling axis in UVB‐irradiated HaCaT cells. Additionally, LP demonstrated enhanced TGF‐β signaling activation, fostering procollagen type I synthesis, and concurrently exhibited mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK)/NF‐κB signaling inactivation, thereby mitigating pro‐inflammatory cytokine release and alleviating UVB‐induced cellular damage.ConclusionIn conclusion, the observed protective effects of LP on skin cellular constituents highlight its substantial biological potential for shielding against UVB‐induced skin photoaging, positioning it as a promising candidate for both pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications.
To vote or not to vote? Fake news, voter fraud, and support for postponing the 2020 U.S. presidential election
Authors: Craig Stephen C. , Gainous Jason 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPrior to the 2020 election President Trump suggested the election should be postponed “until the country can make sure that only eligible American citizens can vote.” With the COVID‐19 pandemic leading many states to take steps that made it easier for citizens to vote safely, the president and his allies made numerous false claims about voter fraud; others argued that voter fraud is not common and is unlikely to appreciably increase with greater reliance on mail balloting. We rely on a national Internet‐based survey experiment conducted prior to the 2020 election to assess the effectiveness of both messages on citizens' support for a hypothetical proposal to postpone the presidential election. The results suggest that respondents were more likely to support postponement if they received a fake news message that fraud is common. The results also suggest that these effects are conditional; both political party and knowledge moderate the relationship.Related ArticlesAguado, N. Alexander. 2022. “When Charismatic Leadership Trumps Social Networking: Searching for the Effects of Social Media on Beliefs of Electoral Legitimacy.” Politics & Policy 50(5): 942–51. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12494.Fisher, Patrick. 2020. “Generational Replacement and the Impending Transformation of the American Electorate.” Politics & Policy 48(1): 38–68. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12340.Stockemer, Daniel. 2013. “Corruption and Turnout in Presidential Elections: A Macro‐Level Quantitative Analysis.” Politics & Policy 41(2): 189–212. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12012.
Mapping the routes of perception: Hemispheric asymmetries in signal propagation dynamics
Authors: Bonfanti Davide , Mazzi Chiara , Savazzi Silvia 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe visual system has long been considered equivalent across hemispheres. However, an increasing amount of data shows that functional differences may exist in this regard. We therefore tried to characterize the emergence of visual perception and the spatiotemporal dynamics resulting from the stimulation of visual cortices in order to detect possible interhemispheric asymmetries. Eighteen participants were tested. Each of them received 360 transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) pulses at phosphene threshold intensity over left and right early visual areas while electroencephalography was being recorded. After each single pulse, participants had to report the presence or absence of a phosphene. Local mean field power analysis of TMS‐evoked potentials showed an effect of both site (left vs. right TMS) of stimulation and hemisphere (ipsilateral vs. contralateral to the TMS): while right TMS determined early stronger activations, left TMS determined later stronger activity in contralateral electrodes. The interhemispheric signal propagation index revealed differences in how TMS‐evoked activity spreads: left TMS‐induced activity diffused contralaterally more than right stimulation. With regard to phosphenes perception, distinct electrophysiological patterns were found to reflect similar perceptual experiences: left TMS‐evoked phosphenes are associated with early occipito‐parietal and frontal activity followed by late central activity; right TMS‐evoked phosphenes determine only late, fronto‐central, and parietal activations. Our results show that left and right occipital TMS elicits differential electrophysiological patterns in the brain, both per se and as a function of phosphene perception. These distinct activation patterns may suggest a different role of the two hemispheres in processing visual information and giving rise to perception.
Nowhere Else to Go: Housing Insecurity in a Hispanic‐Majority Rural County During the COVID‐19 Pandemic☆
Authors: Montañez Morgan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNorthern New Mexico was uniquely vulnerable to the COVID‐19 pandemic and its fallout. Its Hispanic majority, aging population, and decreased access to healthcare put many of the communities in this area of the United States at risk. Taos County was particularly at increased risk of impact from COVID‐19. The county was also more vulnerable to the economic consequences of a pandemic due to reliance on tourism; this meant major impacts for individual households. As unemployment and poverty increased—and pandemic relief program rollouts floundered—the consequences meant precarity for many families. One of the most visible impacts of the pandemic was the inability to access affordable housing. This paper, based on 58 in‐depth interviews and 5 months of participant observation, explores experiences of homelessness and housing insecurity among an already vulnerable population during the pandemic, illustrating the ways in which many people struggled. Importantly, this paper explores differences in patterns of housing insecurity among rural White and rural Hispanic participants during the COVID‐19 pandemic. In addition, this paper advocates the importance of looking at nuanced patterns of dealing with housing precarity in the rural setting as the ways in which different populations cope impact the forms of help that are needed when housing becomes a problem.
Climate change‐related shocks, assets and welfare outcomes in South Africa
Authors: Díaz Pabón Fabio Andrés , Shifa Muna , Ranchhod Vimal , Machemedze Takwanisa 
Published: January 2024

AbstractClimate change and its consequences pose significant economic and social challenges around the world. Droughts have frequently afflicted South Africa, with the most recent severe drought occurring in 2015/2016. However, there has been little empirical research estimating the impact of climate‐related shocks on individual well‐being in South Africa. In this paper, we investigate the impact of the 2015/2016 drought on individual welfare. We also examine whether access to assets helps to mitigate the negative effects of climate change‐related shocks on individual welfare. For estimating the impact of droughts on individual welfare outcomes, weather data are combined with individual panel data from the National Income Dynamics Study dataset. We use weather data from meteorological satellites to measure the extent of droughts across the country, and we measure individual welfare using real per capita consumption expenditure. Our estimation results show that the 2015/2016 drought had no significant effect on real per capita consumption expenditure in South Africa. We hypothesise that this is due in part to the structure of the labour market, with few people relying on subsistence farming, combined with social grants and remittances being the primary source of income for people at the bottom of the consumption distribution. Using anthropometric measurements as an alternative welfare indicator, we find that children living in drought‐affected areas had lower weight‐for‐height measurements than those living in areas not affected by the drought. The findings imply that when food prices increased as a result of the drought, households may have chosen welfare‐costly coping techniques such as reducing the quantity and quality of food consumed while keeping overall expenditure the same.
Application of cantharidin, retinoic acid cream and salicylic acidy in multiple palmoplantar warts
Authors: Zhang Liyin , Cheng Shasha , Chen Cheng , Fang Ling , Cui Chengjun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveMultiple palmoplantar warts, caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, were investigated for clinical efficacy using cantharidin, retinoic acid cream, and salicylic acid cream.MethodsA total of 110 patients with multiple palmoplantar warts were enrolled. The experimental group (54 cases) received a 1:1:1 combination (CRS) of 0.25% cantharidin, 0.1% retinoic acid cream, and 5% salicylic acid, applied with pressurized encapsulation for 8 h every night, three times per week. The control group (56 cases) underwent conventional liquid nitrogen freezing. Monthly follow‐ups assessed cure rate, effective rate, dermatological life quality index (DLQI), visual analog scale (VAS), and cost, with evaluations conducted after 3 months.ResultsThe treatment group exhibited a cure rate of 85.19% and a total effective rate of 96.30%, surpassing the control group with rates of 39.29% and 51.79%, respectively (p < 0.05). The treatment group's DLQI score (1.84 ± 1.06) was significantly lower than the control group's score (6.04 ± 1.78) (p = 0.0005). Additionally, the treatment group's VAS score (1.84 ± 1.06) was notably lower than the control group's score (8.56 ± 1.07) (p < 0.0001). The treatment group's total cost (43.20 ± 2.85) was markedly lower than the control group's cost (206.38 ± 90.81), with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.0001).ConclusionThe combination of cantharidin, retinoic acid cream, and salicylic acid with local encapsulation is a safe, effective, economical, and convenient treatment method for multiple palmoplantar warts, exhibiting few side effects and showing promise.