bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement of plasma colloid osmotic pressure in neonatal foals under intensive care: comparison of direct and indirect methods and the association of COP with selected clinical and clinicopathologic variables
Authors: Magdesian K. Gary , Fielding C. Langdon , Madigan John E. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractObjectives:To describe and compare admission colloid osmotic pressure (COP) measurement using both direct and indirect methods in neonatal foals under intensive care, and to evaluate for associations between COP and clinical/clinicopathologic parameters.Design:Prospective study.Setting:Intensive care unit at a veterinary medical teaching hospital.Animals:Twenty‐six critically ill neonatal foals were studied. A control group consisted of 9 clinically healthy neonatal foals.Interventions:Clinicopathologic data were collected at the time of admission. COP was measured directly using a colloid osmometer. Indirect COP was calculated using equations by both Landis–Pappenheimer (L–P) and Thomas and Brown.Measurements and main results:Measured admission COP values were 17.1±4.3 and 17.7±2.4 mmHg in critically ill and control foals, respectively, and these values were not significantly different. Critically ill foals with blood lactate concentrations >3 mmol/L had lower COP values than those with lactate ≤3 mmol/L. There was close agreement between indirect COP values calculated using the L–P equation and direct COP values measured in control foals (mean error=0.0±1.3 mmHg;R2=0.87). However, indirect values were not as predictive of direct COP in critically ill foals (mean error=0.8±3.8 mmHg;R2=0.64). As COP values increased, the indirect method tended to overestimate COP, whereas at lower values it slightly underestimated COP.Conclusion:While the L–P equation was a close approximation of direct COP in healthy foals, direct measurements of oncotic pressure cannot be replaced for monitoring of critically ill foals. Critically ill foals with higher lactate concentrations had lower COP values, suggesting a possible relationship between COP and lactate.
Sampling and methods of the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD) project
Authors:   The ESEMeD/MHEDEA 2000 investigators, Alonso J. , Angermeyer M. C. , Bernert S. , Bruffaerts R. , Brugha T. S. , Bryson H. , de Girolamo G. , de Graaf R. , Demyttenaere K. , Gasquet I. , Haro J. M. , Katz S. J. , Kessler R. C. , Kovess V. , Lépine J. P. , Ormel J. , Polidori G. , Russo L. J. , Vilagut G. , Almansa J. , Arbabzadeh‐Bouchez S. , Autonell J. , Bernal M. , Buist‐Bouwman M. A. , Codony M. , Domingo‐Salvany A. , Ferrer M. , Joo S. S. , Martínez‐Alonso M. , Matschinger H. , Mazzi F. , Morgan Z. , Morosini P. , Palacín C. , Romera B. , Taub N. , Vollebergh W. A. M. 
Published: June 2004

Objective: The European Study of Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD) project was designed to evaluate the prevalence, the impact and the treatment patterns in Europe. This paper presents an overview of the methods implemented in the project.Method: ESEMeD is a cross‐sectional study in a representative sample of 21 425 adults, 18 or older, from the general population of Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and Spain. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH‐CIDI) was administered by home interviews from January 2001 to August 2003 using Computer Assisted Personal Interview (CAPI) technology. Data quality was controlled to ensure reliability and validity of the information obtained.Results: Response rate varied from 78.6% in Spain to 45.9% in France. Less than 4% of the individuals had errors in the checking procedures performed.Conclusion: The sampling methodologies, comprehensive psychiatric instruments and quality control procedures used have rendered the ESEMeD database a unique and important source of information about the prevalence, the disability burden and unmet medical needs of mental disorders within Europe.
Prevalence of mental disorders in Europe: results from the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD) project
Authors:   The ESEMeD/MHEDEA 2000 Investigators, Alonso J. , Angermeyer M. C. , Bernert S. , Bruffaerts R. , Brugha T. S. , Bryson H. , de Girolamo G. , de Graaf R. , Demyttenaere K. , Gasquet I. , Haro J. M. , Katz S. J. , Kessler R. C. , Kovess V. , Lépine J. P. , Ormel J. , Polidori G. , Russo L. J. , Vilagut G. , Almansa J. , Arbabzadeh‐Bouchez S. , Autonell J. , Bernal M. , Buist‐Bouwman M. A. , Codony M. , Domingo‐Salvany A. , Ferrer M. , Joo S. S. , Martínez‐Alonso M. , Matschinger H. , Mazzi F. , Morgan Z. , Morosini P. , Palacín C. , Romera B. , Taub N. , Vollebergh W. A. M. 
Published: June 2004

Objective:  To describe the 12‐month and lifetime prevalence rates of mood, anxiety and alcohol disorders in six European countries.Method:  A representative random sample of non‐institutionalized inhabitants from Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and Spain aged 18 or older (n = 21425) were interviewed between January 2001 and August 2003. DSM‐IV disorders were assessed by lay interviewers using a revised version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH‐CIDI).Results:  Fourteen per cent reported a lifetime history of any mood disorder, 13.6% any anxiety disorder and 5.2% a lifetime history of any alcohol disorder. More than 6% reported any anxiety disorder, 4.2% any mood disorder, and 1.0% any alcohol disorder in the last year. Major depression and specific phobia were the most common single mental disorders. Women were twice as likely to suffer 12‐month mood and anxiety disorders as men, while men were more likely to suffer alcohol abuse disorders.Conclusion:  ESEMeD is the first study to highlight the magnitude of mental disorders in the six European countries studied. Mental disorders were frequent, more common in female, unemployed, disabled persons, or persons who were never married or previously married. Younger persons were also more likely to have mental disorders, indicating an early age of onset for mood, anxiety and alcohol disorders.
12‐Month comorbidity patterns and associated factors in Europe: results from the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD) project
Authors:   The ESEMeD/MHEDEA 2000 investigators, Alonso J. , Angermeyer M. C. , Bernert S. , Bruffaerts R. , Brugha T. S. , Bryson H. , de Girolamo G. , de Graaf R. , Demyttenaere K. , Gasquet I. , Haro J. M. , Katz S. J. , Kessler R. C. , Kovess V. , Lépine J. P. , Ormel J. , Polidori G. , Russo L. J. , Vilagut G. , Almansa J. , Arbabzadeh‐Bouchez S. , Autonell J. , Bernal M. , Buist‐Bouwman M. A. , Codony M. , Domingo‐Salvany A. , Ferrer M. , Joo S. S. , Martínez‐Alonso M. , Matschinger H. , Mazzi F. , Morgan Z. , Morosini P. , Palacín C. , Romera B. , Taub N. , Vollebergh W. A. M. 
Published: June 2004

Objective:  Comorbidity patterns of 12‐month mood, anxiety and alcohol disorders and socio‐demographic factors associated with comorbidity were studied among the general population of six European countries.Method:  Data were derived from the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD), a cross‐sectional psychiatric epidemiological study in a representative sample of adults aged 18 years or older in Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and Spain. The diagnostic instrument used was the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH‐CIDI). Data are based on 21 425 completed interviews.Results:  In general, high associations were found within the separate anxiety disorders and between mood and anxiety disorders. Lowest comorbidity associations were found for specific phobia and alcohol abuse—the disorders with the least functional disabilities. Comorbidity patterns were consistent cross‐nationally. Associated factors for comorbidity of mood and anxiety disorders were female gender, younger age, lower educational level, higher degree of urbanicity, not living with a partner and unemployment. Only younger people were at greater risk for comorbidity of alcohol disorder with mood, anxiety disorders or both.Conclusion:  High levels of comorbidity are found in the general population. Comorbidity is more common in specific groups. To reduce psychiatric burden, early intervention in populations with a primary disorder is important to prevent comorbidity.
Disability and quality of life impact of mental disorders in Europe: results from the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD) project
Authors:   The ESEMeD/MHEDEA 2000 investigators, Alonso J. , Angermeyer M. C. , Bernert S. , Bruffaerts R. , Brugha T. S. , Bryson H. , de Girolamo G. , de Graaf R. , Demyttenaere K. , Gasquet I. , Haro J. M. , Katz S. J. , Kessler R. C. , Kovess V. , Lépine J. P. , Ormel J. , Polidori G. , Russo L. J. , Vilagut G. , Almansa J. , Arbabzadeh‐Bouchez S. , Autonell J. , Bernal M. , Buist‐Bouwman M. A. , Codony M. , Domingo‐Salvany A. , Ferrer M. , Joo S. S. , Martínez‐Alonso M. , Matschinger H. , Mazzi F. , Morgan Z. , Morosini P. , Palacín C. , Romera B. , Taub N. , Vollebergh W. A. M. 
Published: June 2004

Objective:  This manuscript examines the impact of mental health state and specific mental and physical disorders on work role disability and quality of life in six European countries.Method:  The ESEMeD study was conducted in: Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and Spain. Individuals aged 18 years and over who were not institutionalized were eligible for an in‐home computer‐assisted interview. Common mental disorders, work loss days (WLD) in the past month and quality of life (QoL) were assessed, using the WMH‐2000 version of the CIDI, the WHODAS‐II, and the mental and physical component scores (MCS, PCS) of the 12‐item short form, respectively. The presence of five chronic physical disorders: arthritis, heart disease, lung disease, diabetes and neurological disease was also assessed. Multivariate regression techniques were used to identify the independent association of mental and physical disorders while controlling for gender, age and country.Results:  In each country, WLD and loss of QoL increased with the number of disorders. Most mental disorders had approximately 1.0 SD‐unit lower mean MCS and lost three to four times more work days, compared with people without any 12‐month mental disorder. The 10 disorders with the highest independent impact on WLD were: neurological disease, panic disorder, PTSD, major depressive episode, dysthymia, specific phobia, social phobia, arthritis, agoraphobia and heart disease. The impact of mental vs. physical disorders on QoL was specific, with mental disorders impacting more on MCS and physical disorders more on PCS. Compared to physical disorders, mental disorders had generally stronger ‘cross‐domain’ effects.Conclusion:  The results suggest that mental disorders are important determinants of work role disability and quality of life, often outnumbering the impact of common chronic physical disorders.
Use of mental health services in Europe: results from the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD) project
Authors:   The ESEMeD/MHEDEA 2000 investigators, Alonso J. , Angermeyer M. C. , Bernert S. , Bruffaerts R. , Brugha T. S. , Bryson H. , de Girolamo G. , de Graaf R. , Demyttenaere K. , Gasquet I. , Haro J. M. , Katz S. J. , Kessler R. C. , Kovess V. , Lépine J. P. , Ormel J. , Polidori G. , Russo L. J. , Vilagut G. , Almansa J. , Arbabzadeh‐Bouchez S. , Autonell J. , Bernal M. , Buist‐Bouwman M. A. , Codony M. , Domingo‐Salvany A. , Ferrer M. , Joo S. S. , Martínez‐Alonso M. , Matschinger H. , Mazzi F. , Morgan Z. , Morosini P. , Palacín C. , Romera B. , Taub N. , Vollebergh W. A. M. 
Published: June 2004

Objective:  Comprehensive information about access and patterns of use of mental health services in Europe is lacking. We present the first results of the use of health services for mental disorders in six European countries as part of the ESEMeD project.Method:  The study was conducted in: Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and Spain. Individuals aged 18 years and over who were not institutionalized were eligible for an computer‐assisted interview done at home. The 21 425 participants were asked to report how frequently they consulted formal health services due to their emotions or mental health, the type of professional they consulted and the treatment they received as a result of their consultation in the previous year.Results:  An average of 6.4% of the total sample had consulted formal health services in the previous 12 months. Of the participants with a 12‐month mental disorder, 25.7% had consulted a formal health service during that period. This proportion was higher for individuals with a mood disorder (36.5%, 95% CI 32.5–40.5) than for those with anxiety disorders (26.1%, 95% CI 23.1–29.1). Among individuals with a 12‐month mental disorder who had contacted the health services 12 months previously, approximately two‐thirds had contacted a mental health professional. Among those with a 12‐month mental disorder consulting formal health services, 21.2% received no treatment.Conclusion:  The ESEMeD results suggest that the use of health services is limited among individuals with mental disorders in the European countries studied. The factors associated with this limited access and their implications deserve further research.
Psychotropic drug utilization in Europe: results from the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD) project
Authors:   The ESEMeD/MHEDEA 2000 investigators, Alonso J. , Angermeyer M. C. , Bernert S. , Bruffaerts R. , Brugha T. S. , Bryson H. , de Girolamo G. , de Graaf R. , Demyttenaere K. , Gasquet I. , Haro J. M. , Katz S. J. , Kessler R. C. , Kovess V. , Lépine J. P. , Ormel J. , Polidori G. , Russo L. J. , Vilagut G. , Almansa J. , Arbabzadeh‐Bouchez S. , Autonell J. , Bernal M. , Buist‐Bouwman M. A. , Codony M. , Domingo‐Salvany A. , Ferrer M. , Joo S. S. , Martínez‐Alonso M. , Matschinger H. , Mazzi F. , Morgan Z. , Morosini P. , Palacín C. , Romera B. , Taub N. , Vollebergh W. A. M. 
Published: June 2004

Objective:  To assess psychotropic drug utilization in the general population of six European countries, and the pattern of use in individuals with different DSM‐IV diagnoses of 12‐month mental disorders.Method:  Data were derived from the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD/MHEDEA 2000), a cross‐sectional psychiatric epidemiological study in a representative sample of 21 425 adults aged 18 or older from six European countries (e.g. Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and Spain). Individuals were asked about any psychotropic drug use in the past 12 months, even if they used the drug(s) just once. A colour booklet containing high‐quality pictures of psychotropic drugs commonly used to treat mental disorders was provided to help respondents recall drug use.Results:  Psychotropic drug utilization is generally low in individuals with any 12‐month mental disorder (32.6%). The extent of psychotropic drug utilization varied according to the specific DSM‐IV diagnosis. Among individuals with a 12‐month diagnosis of pure major depression, only 21.2% had received any antidepressants within the same period; the exclusive use of antidepressants was even lower (4.6%), while more individuals took only anxiolytics (18.4%).Conclusion:  These data question the appropriateness of current pharmacological treatments, particularly for major depression, in which under‐treatment is coupled with the high use of non‐specific medications, such as anxiolytics.
Non‐microbial etiology: periapical cysts sustain post‐treatment apical periodontitis
Authors: Ramachandran Nair P.N. 
Published: June 2004

IN MICROSCOPY, AS IN NATURE, ONE RECOGNIZES ONLY WHAT ONE ALREADY KNOWS.Routine histopathological diagnostic reports and publications based on retrospective reviewing of such, perpetuate the notion that nearly half of all apical periodontitis lesions are cysts. Studies based on meticulous serial sectioning of apical lesions retrieved in toto show that the actual prevalence of cysts is only about 15% of all apical periodontitis lesions. Periapical cysts exist in two structurally distinct classes, namely those containing cavities completely enclosed in epithelial lining (periapical true cysts) and those containing epithelium‐lined cavities that are open to the root canals (periapical pocket cysts). From a clinical point of view, small cysts, particularly the pocket cysts, can heal after non‐surgical root canal therapy whereas large cysts, mainly true cysts, are less likely to be resolved without surgical intervention.
VERY HIGH ENERGY PARTICLE ASTRONOMY WITH ALL-SKY SURVER HIGH RESOLUTION AIR-SHOWER DETECTOR
Authors:   On behalf of the Ashra collaboration., SASAKI MOKOTO 
Published: June 2004

The Ashra detector consists of 3 observational stations installed on the grid of 30-40km distance on the mountains on the Hawaii Big Island, which ensures a large target mass for neutrinos and a large effective aperture for UHECR. An observational station is composed of 12 wide-angle high-precision telescopes, which can completely cover allsky view. In realizing the telescope design, we newly apply the following techniques matured in the other fields: 1) Baker-Nunn optics optimized to keep better than 1 arcmin. resolution in 50° field of view, 2) Electro-static lens image-intensifier tube (IIT) with the resolution matched with that of the above optics, 3) Gated IIT with a fast image shutter, and 4) CMOS image sensor which reads triggered images out of the above IIT. These novel techniques allow us an excellent opportunity for simultaneous observation of air fluorescence and Cerenkov lights with 1 arcmin. resolution in entirely all sky. This will open an interesting field, "Observational Particle Astronomy" by continuously observing TeV gamma-rays, VHE-neutrinos, Knee-CR, and EHECR with the energies from TeV to ZeV in all sky.
EVALUATION OF THE FOLD LINE BY ASYMPTOTIC EXTRAPOLATION FOR STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
Authors: LOPEZ S. , OTRANTO E. 
Published: June 2004

A technique for imperfection sensitivity analysis with reference to the geometrically nonlinear analysis of structures is presented. The paper discusses how detailed information on structural behavior can be obtained with less computational cost. The imperfection sensitivity analysis of structures is carried out by detecting the critical states on the equilibrium path relating to the various imperfections. In fact we can investigate the behavior of imperfect structures without considering the imperfect equilibrium curve. In this work we obtained the fold line, the one-dimensional equilibrium subset of limit points relating to different values of imperfection, by asymptotic extrapolation from a known singular point. The evaluation of this singular point on the perfect equilibrium curve is carried out by a path-following algorithm. A procedure that overcomes the ill-conditioning of the systems defined in the critical points is described. This proves to be highly advantageous in terms of computational cost in comparison with classical methods of analysis. The paper investigates the behavior of cylindrical shell. In particular the sensitivity analysis for load imperfections is carried out. The asymptotic extrapolation algorithm is also compared with continuation methods for the analysis of imperfect cylindrical shell.
BRAIN TEMPERATURE CALCULATIONS FOR SWINE USING EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENTS OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW
Authors: LEY O. , BAYAZITOGLU Y. , LAPTOOK ABBOT R. 
Published: June 2004

In this study, numerical simulations are performed to analyze the brain temperature reduction in swine during selective head cooling, whole body cooling or while the animals experience ischemia. Brain temperature is calculated using a time dependent thermal model that incorporates available experimental measurements of the rectal temperature, the cerebral blood flow and the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption.The calculated temperature distribution is validated against the in vivo temperature measurements recorded during the different experiments. These comparisons help to better understand the relations between brain temperature, blood flow and metabolic activity, which are essential to successfully apply hypothermia in the treatment of brain injury.The calculations presented here reproduce the temperature behavior observed in all the experiments considered. It is observed that the arterial temperature and the cerebral metabolic rate are important parameters that affect the deep tissue temperature. It is also concluded that the accurate knowledge of parameters such as the skin and bone thermal conductivity are necessary for effective modeling.
BRAIN TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION DURING DEEP HYPOTHERMIC CIRCULATORY ARREST IN HUMANS
Authors: LEY O. , BAYAZITOGLU Y. 
Published: June 2004

This paper analyzes the effect of different cooling and rewarming strategies on the brain temperature distribution before and after circulatory arrest in adults and children. The temperature variations during systemic cooling, circulatory arrest, and rewarming are calculated using a thermal model that incorporates physiological parameters. The calculations presented here explain why sometimes hypothermia does not show the expected neuroprotective effect.This work shows the importance of departing from a steady temperature distribution when using deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. In the calculations, the external cooling conditions of the head are varied, and it is observed that hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) together with external head cooling help reduce the temperature gradients within the head during periods of reduced blood flow, and reduces the temperature increase in the deep tissue produced by the residual cerebral metabolic activity. The results presented here agree with previous experimental observations1–3regarding the duration of systemic cooling using CPB.
Mechanisms of Moving the Mind's Eye: Planning and Execution of Spatial Shifts of Attention
Authors: Hazlett Chad J. , Woldorff Marty G. 
Published: June 2004

Abstract
The usefulness of attentional orienting, both in the real world and in the laboratory, depends not only on the ability to attend to objects or other inputs but also on the ability to shift attention between them. Although understanding the basic characteristics of these shifts is a critical step toward understanding the brain mechanisms that produce them, the literature remains unresolved on a very basic and potentially revealing characteristic of these shifts—namely, whether attention takes longer to shift a farther distance across the visual field. We addressed this question using a series of behavioral tasks involving the voluntary orienting of attention to locations in the visual field. The findings support a model in which attentional shifts include separate “planning” and “execution” stages and in which only the planning stage requires more time for shifts of a greater distance. These results offer resolution to the longstanding debate concerning the effect of attentional shift distance on shift time and provide insight into the fundamental mechanisms of attentional shifting.