bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Gd, Pr, Yb, and Nd doping on the magnetic properties of Mg-ferrite nanoparticles
Authors: Aglan H. , Ali I. A. , Ali B. M. , Kandil S. A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study aimed to synthesize MgFe1.9Ln0.1O4 (where, Ln = Yb, Pr, Gd, and Nd) ferrite nanoparticles via the sol-gel process and investigate their structural, morphological, and magnetic properties for potential hyperthermia applications. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) confirmed the cubic spinel structure for all samples. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images revealed nanometer-scale dimensions and nearly spherical morphology. Vibrating sample magnetometer measurements (VSM) indicated superparamagnetic behavior, with decreasing saturation magnetization (Ms) observed as Ln3+ content decreased. Specific absorption rate (SAR) analysis at 198 kHz demonstrated the influence of Ln3+ substitution on magnetic properties. Compared to existing studies, Ln3+ substituted (Yb, Pr, Gd, and Nd) nanoparticles demonstrate tunable magnetic properties and enhanced SAR performance, offering a more efficient design for hyperthermia treatment of solid tumors.

Graphical Abstract
Firearm Deaths Impacting Older Adults
Authors: Price James H. , Payton Erica 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Each year in the United States (U.S.) thousands of older adults die from firearm-related injuries. The purpose of this study was to characterize the similarities and differences in the three main forms of firearm mortality (homicides, suicides, and unintentional) in older adults. Using the Web-based Inquiry Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS) for the year 2021 we conducted a descriptive analysis (e.g. frequencies, percents, crude rates, rank orders) by gender, race/ethnicity, age, and census region of the U.S. Older adult firearm-related homicides were most likely to occur in males (61.2%), non-Hispanic whites (61.9%), ages 65–69 (42.4%) and in the South (53.6%). Firearm-related suicides were most common in males (91.4%), non-Hispanic whites (93.5%), ages 65–69 and 70–74 (24.8 and 24.7%, respectively), and in the South (45.1%). Firearm suicides were 12 times more common than firearm homicides and 99 times more common than unintentional firearm-related deaths. Both firearm homicides and suicides decreased with age. Years of potential life lost before 80 paralleled the demographic mortality data, resulting in over 45,000 potential years of life lost in 2021. These findings underscore the need to focus primary prevention of firearm-related mortality in older adults on the role of suicides, especially in non-Hispanic white males. In addition, improving mental health care access for older adults and their social connections are essential elements of preventing firearm-related suicides.
Performance assessment of GIS-based spatial clustering methods in forest fire data
Authors: Memisoglu Baykal Tugba 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Forest fires are a significant global issue, devastating large forest areas each year. Effective prevention and control are essential. Geographic Information System (GIS)-based spatial clustering methods are commonly used to manage forest fire risks. However, these methods rely on different mathematical foundations and parameters, resulting in varied hotspot maps. Consequently, areas identified as hotspots by one method may not be significant or may even be classified as cold spots by another. This study utilized forest fire data from 2021 and 2022 in Türkiye to conduct spatial clustering analyses using three methods: Getis Ord Gi*, Anselin Local Moran's I, and Kernel Density Estimation. The aim was to identify high-risk forest fire areas. The effectiveness of these methods was evaluated based on Hit Rate (HR), Predictive Accuracy Index (PAI), and Recapture Rate Index (RRI). The study concluded which method was most suitable for detecting risky forest fire areas in the region. This research fills a gap in the literature by providing a comparative performance evaluation of spatial clustering methods for forest fire risk assessment, offering valuable insights for future studies in this field.
Fast likelihood calculations for emerging epidemics
Authors: Ball Frank , Neal Peter 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Statistical inference for epidemic outbreaks is often complicated by only partial observation of the epidemic process. Recently in Ball and Neal (Adv Appl Probab 55:895-926, 2023) the distribution of the number of infectives (individuals alive) given only the times of removals (death) in a Markovian SIR epidemic (time-inhomogeneous birth–death process) was derived. We show that this allows us to derive an explicit expression for the likelihood of the observed inter-removal times of the epidemic without recourse to data augmentation techniques. Moreover, the time-inhomogeneous birth–death process provides a good approximation for the SIR epidemic model for which we are able to obtain both, the exact likelihood of the inter-arrival death times, and a fast to compute Gaussian-based approximation of the likelihood. The explicit expressions for the likelihood enable us to reveal bi-modality in the likelihood of the ongoing Markovian SIR epidemic model and to devise scaleable MCMC algorithms which are applied to the emergence of the Covid-19 epidemic in Europe (March–May 2020).
Effect of Bond Hardness of Additively Manufactured Grinding Tool Bonds on Material Removal Efficiency during Single-Grain Cutting
Authors: Denkena Berend , Weißgärber Thomas , Studnitzky Thomas , Bergmann Benjamin , Strauß Alexander , Puls Lennart 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In order to gain insight into the material removal mechanism of abrasive machining processes, single-grain cutting is a useful and widely adopted technique. In most of the works on this subject, the single abrasive grains are bonded to a substrate by soldering, electroplating or simple adhesive bonding. As a result, the grinding tool bond’s influence is largely neglected. This publication shows a new variant of single-grain cutting that makes it possible to quantify the influence of the bond on the material removal mechanism. Specimens with different bond hardness are prepared using a sintering-based additive printing process. In single-grain cutting experiments, the influence of the Rockwell hardness of different bond types on the material removal efficiency was investigated. Among other things, a reduction in the specific scratch energy by 40% and an increase in the grinding force ratio by 70% were found when using an iron-based bond with increased hardness, compared to a softer, steel-based bond. This is a result of an increased grain protrusion under load for the grains in the harder bonds which leads to an increased material removal efficiency.
Thickness and Uniformity of Commercial Aluminum Foils
Authors: Peralta L. , Campos A. I. , Rodrigues M. S. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
There are several brands of aluminum foils for domestic use on the market. The vast majority do not provide consumers with any type of information about the characteristics of the film, in particular its thickness. In this work, we compare the thickness and non-uniformity thickness of aluminum foil on sale in the Portuguese market. The method used was the loss of energy of alpha particles as they passed through the foil. For all tested brands, the thickness value is approximately 11 µm. Regarding the non-uniformity thickness, we conclude that the standard deviation is of the order of 5% of the foil average thickness.
Citizen science and negotiating values in the ethical design of AI-based technologies targeting vulnerable individuals
Authors: Cenci Alessandra 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Citizen science is the new mantra both in academic circles and the public discourse. While the citizen science ideal is conceptually broad, If and how it can be realized in fields often depicted as value free/value neutral—such as applied AI—is controversial. The practical challenges in generating ethical AI encapsulating the citizen science ideal are addressed by targeting scientific practices underlying the participatory design of an AI-based tracking app aimed at enhancing the safety and wellbeing of vulnerable citizens with dementia of a Danish municipality through the engagement of the local community. The focus is on the process of social value construction and its citizen science rationale: how design values have been debated, traded-off, and selected via participatory-deliberative methods and by engaging experts and non-expert stakeholders as citizen scientists. An emphasis is on the import of dialogic interaction for negotiating values in open conversations within diverse groups of interest. Deliberative procedures are beneficial to produce ethical AI embodying vital citizen science desiderata since users’/citizens' values, needs, and expectations are fulfilled while technical-efficiency standards are also met. The result is a public methodology for designing ethical AI that better expresses the true spirit of citizen science in liberal democracies (value-laden, pluralistic, inter-disciplinary, inclusive, participatory, cooperative, solidarity-oriented). Hence, trust and acceptance of the AI generated, even of contentious “surveillance” technologies, is enhanced since the digital innovation can be perceived as truly citizens-/humans-centred and society-oriented.
Complete verification of strong BSD for many modular abelian surfaces over
${\mathbf {Q}}$
Authors: Keller Timo , Stoll Michael 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe develop the theory and algorithms necessary to be able to verify the strong Birch–Swinnerton-Dyer Conjecture for absolutely simple modular abelian varieties over
${\mathbf {Q}}$
. We apply our methods to all 28 Atkin–Lehner quotients of
$X_0(N)$
of genus
$2$
, all 97 genus
$2$
curves from the LMFDB whose Jacobian is of this type and six further curves originally found by Wang. We are able to verify the strong BSD Conjecture unconditionally and exactly in all these cases; this is the first time that strong BSD has been confirmed for absolutely simple abelian varieties of dimension at least
$2$
. We also give an example where we verify that the order of the Tate–Shafarevich group is
$7^2$
and agrees with the order predicted by the BSD Conjecture.
A presentation of the torus-equivariant quantum K-theory ring of flag manifolds of type A, Part II: quantum double Grothendieck polynomials
Authors: Maeno Toshiaki , Naito Satoshi , Sagaki Daisuke 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn our previous paper, we gave a presentation of the torus-equivariant quantum K-theory ring
$QK_{H}(Fl_{n+1})$
of the (full) flag manifold
$Fl_{n+1}$
of type
$A_{n}$
as a quotient of a polynomial ring by an explicit ideal. In this paper, we prove that quantum double Grothendieck polynomials, introduced by Lenart-Maeno, represent the corresponding (opposite) Schubert classes in the quantum K-theory ring
$QK_{H}(Fl_{n+1})$
under this presentation. The main ingredient in our proof is an explicit formula expressing the semi-infinite Schubert class associated to the longest element of the finite Weyl group, which is proved by making use of the general Chevalley formula for the torus-equivariant K-group of the semi-infinite flag manifold associated to
$SL_{n+1}(\mathbb {C})$
.
Visualizing map data for linguistics using ggplot2: A tutorial with examples from dialectology and typology
Authors: Roemling Dana , Winter Bodo , Grieve Jack 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Maps are important in many areas of linguistics, especially dialectology, sociolinguistics, typology, and historical linguistics, including for visualizing regional patterns in the distribution of linguistic features and varieties of language. In this hands-on tutorial, we introduce map making for linguistics using R and the popular package ggplot2. We walk the reader through the process of making maps using both typological data, based on the World Atlas of Language Structures, and dialect data, based on large corpora of language data collected from German and American social media platforms. This tutorial is intended to be of use to anyone interested in making maps of linguistic data, and more widely to anyone wanting to learn about mapping in R.
The Soul (Put to Work) in Medicine: A Response to Arthur Kleinman
Authors: Moyse Ashley John , Mason Jordan Ashley 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In his 2019 essay, Arthur Kleinman laments that medicine has become ever-competent at managing illness, yet caring for those who are ill is increasingly out of practice. He opines that the language of ‘the soul’ is helpful to those practicing medicine, as it provides an important counterbalance to medicine’s technical rationality that avoids the existential and spiritual domains of human life. His accusation that medicine has become soulless merits considering, yet we believe his is the wrong description of contemporary medicine. Where medicine is disciplined by technological and informational rationalities that risk coercing attention away from corporealities and toward an impersonal, digital order, the resulting practices expose medicine to becoming not soulless but excarnated. Here we engage Kleinman in conversation with Franco Berardi, Charles Taylor, and others to ask: Have we left behind the body for senseless purposes? Perhaps medicine is not proving itself to be soulless, but rather senseless, bodyless – the any-occupation of excarnated souls. If so, the dissension of excarnation and the recovery of touching purpose seems to us to be an apparent need within the contemporary and increasingly digitally managed and informationally ordered medical milieu.
A comprehensive bibliographic study on mental illness
Authors: Ding Yuanzhao , Chen Shan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study presents a comprehensive analysis of recent mental illness research by utilizing an advanced bibliographic method capable of analyzing up to 12,965 papers indexed in the Web of Science database, overcoming the limitations of traditional tools like VOSviewer, which typically analyze fewer than 1,000 papers. By examining a vast dataset, this study identifies key trends, significant keywords, and prominent contributors, including leading researchers, universities, and countries/regions, in the field of mental illness research. Additionally, the study highlights eight major contributors to mental health problems, offering critical insights into the field’s current state. The findings underscore the importance of advanced bibliographic methods in providing a more detailed and accurate overview of mental illness research. This analysis not only enhances the understanding of young scholars entering the field but also uncovers significant trends and identifies notable gaps in the literature. The study advocates for continued innovation and interdisciplinary collaboration to deepen understanding and address unresolved challenges in mental health research.
Pleistocene aardvark (Orycteropus afer) burrow traces on South Africa’s Cape coast
Authors: Helm Charles W. , Carr Andrew S. , Cawthra Hayley C. , De Vynck Jan C. , Dixon Mark G. , Gräbe Pieter-Jan , Rust Renée , Stear Willo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The aardvark (Oryecteropus afer) is a fossorial species with a widespread distribution across sub-Saharan Africa. It leaves distinctive tracks and traces of its presence, including large burrows. However, despite a substantial body fossil record, few trace fossils registered by aardvarks have been described. Its distribution range in southern Africa during historic and prehistoric times was probably broadly similar to that of today, with the addition of the currently submerged Palaeo-Agulhas Plain during much of the Pleistocene. Five new trace fossil sites have been identified in Pleistocene aeolianites on the Cape coast and are here interpreted with varying degrees of confidence as large burrows that were made by aardvarks. In addition, a possible aardvark tracksite has been identified. Together these add to the sparse paleoichnological evidence of aardvarks and add to the global ichnological record of large vertebrate burrows. While at this point the evidence does not warrant the proposal of new ichnotaxa, the findings may act to spur further identification of fossilized traces of aardvarks and other fossorial species on the Cape coast and beyond.
What Do Senate Committees Tell Us About the Post-2016 Senate?
Authors: de Paiva David , Malloy Jonathan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The rarely examined committees of the Senate of Canada offer interesting insights into the Senate as a whole, particularly following the 2016 reforms to the institution. While discussion of House of Commons committees often emphasizes them as separate and different from the larger chamber, Senate committees mirror the dynamics of the overall Senate; looking at them tells us a lot about the Senate itself. Through qualitative research and in-depth interviews about committees with senators, this article finds both contrast and continuity in the Senate and its committees.
Fratricidal Coercion in Modern War
Authors: Lyall Jason , Zhukov Yuri 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Armies sometimes use fratricidal coercion—violence and intimidation against their own troops—to force reluctant soldiers to fight. How this practice affects battlefield performance remains an open question. We study fratricidal coercion using a mixed-methods strategy, drawing on (1) monthly panel data on Soviet Rifle Divisions in World War II, built from millions of declassified personnel files; (2) paired comparisons of Rifle Divisions at the Battle of Leningrad; and (3) cross-national data on 526 land battles and war outcomes from 75 conflicts (1939–2011) to assess generalizability. We offer three sets of empirical findings. First, coercion keeps some soldiers from fleeing the battlefield, but at the cost of higher casualties and reduced initiative. Second, wartime and prewar coercion (such as mass repression and officer purges) affect soldiers’ behavior in similar, mutually reinforcing ways. Third, the resolve-boosting, initiative-dampening effects of fratricidal coercion generalize across belligerents and wars. Fratricidal coercion generates compliance through fear, compelling soldiers with variable levels of resolve to conform to a uniform standard of battlefield behavior. But the net utility of this approach is dubious. On balance, countries employing fratricidal coercion are less likely to win wars.
Reproductive biology of the sea cucumber Holothuria arguinensis (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) and its relationship with the environment in the coastal waters of Morocco
Authors: Haddi Imane , Belhsen Oumkeltoum , Siddique Saima , Benzha Fatiha , Benazzouz Aïssa , Rezzoum Noreddine , Zidane Hakima 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study investigates the reproductive biology of Holothuria arguinensis over one year (December 2016 to December 2017) from two locations on the Atlantic coast of Morocco: Skhirat (North Atlantic) and Souiria K'dima (Central Atlantic), including the sex ratio, size at sexual maturity, and reproductive cycle. Monthly sampling was carried out, along with the collection of environmental and biometric data at each site. The sex ratio did not differ significantly from 1:1 at either study site. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) reached its peak during spring (April and May) for both sexes, and the spawning period was observed from summer to autumn (June–October) at both locations, suggest annual spawning. GSI was correlated with increasing or high chlorophyll-a concentrations, salinity, and spawning with rainfall periods. The estimated size at sexual maturity was 15.9 cm body length, 189.1 g total body weight, and 92.5 g gutted body weight. The minimum mean oocyte diameter was recorded during the recovery stage (31 ± 11 μm (mean ± SD) at Skhirat and 34 ± 23 μm (mean ± SD) at Souiria K'dima), while the highest values were observed in the partial spawning stage (112 ± 27 μm (mean ± SD) at Skhirat and 104 ± 19 μm (mean ± SD) at Souiria K'dima). This study highlights the need for further research to expand our knowledge of the biological and ecological characteristics of H. arguinensis populations, to facilitate the cultivation of juveniles in captivity, and to develop fishing regulations based on scientific findings. As a fishery management strategy, we suggest a closed season from April to October to protect the reproductive period of H. arguinensis on the Moroccan coast.
The French Bataclan Trial as a judicial experiment: What lessons for the prosecution of mass crimes?
Authors: Weill Sharon , Lefranc Sandrine 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Although criminal trials are primarily designed to repress individual acts, a new role has emerged in the era of French jihadist trials. They have transformed into a ‘forum’ giving voice to different actors to comprehend the phenomenon in all its complexity, as in truth commissions: defendants presented their path to radicalization, victims related their trauma, experts situated jihadism in a socio-political context, and security forces disclosed their work. Aligned with forms of justice, which seeks to return control ‘stolen’ by professionals to the parties involved, they also place significant emphasis on emotions, in contrast to the cold, impersonal authority of conventional law, which relies on legal rhetoric, justified to maintain neutrality and impartiality.
Employing an ethnographic approach, we examine this trial as an experiment that challenges the way justice is administered after mass violence. Our premise is that this judicial experiment can propose a new paradigm for the prosecution of mass crimes, in line with contemporary new mechanisms that more effectively incorporate restorative objectives. It could serve as inspiration for procedures in international courts by attributing space to the direct participation of both the victims and the defendants, basing the procedure on narrative rather than strict legalistic rules, and engaging with social science expertise.
The exclusive making of space law
Authors: van Eijk Cris 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The commons are defined by non-excludability – the idea that none can exclude another from access or use. Likewise, space lawyers portray their discipline’s origin story as uniquely egalitarian and inclusive, in part because of how it was made. The 1963 Principles Declaration and 1967 Outer Space Treaty were drafted by a committee of 28 states that decided by consensus – the first permanent UN body to do so. They worked in the midst of significant colonial and Cold War tensions to form a body of law which implicated the interests of every state. This article argues that the lawmaking which made space ‘common’ was made possible by excluding the Third World. It uses historical sources from 18 archives to shed new light on the process of making space law from 1957 to 1967. Based on this, it explores various factors, from UN documentation practices to American racial segregation, that cumulatively prevented Third World representatives from meaningful participation in space lawmaking. These factors had broad impacts on the drafting committee’s membership, attendance, decision-making procedure, and final products. By seeking to understand this ‘small history’ of a niche field at a specific historical moment, this article also adds to ongoing work that questions the axioms by which international lawyers interpret treaties today.