bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards the validation of manufacturing simulations by means of digital twins: conception, implementation and data acquisition for a composite aircraft moveable manufacturing process
Authors: Rädel Martin , Denker Björn , Kamp Bram van de , Liebers Nico , Prussak Robert 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Simulations are used in the development of structures. These methods and their results are increasingly applied on the way toward a more analysis-based certification process for aircraft structures. The absolute basis for being considered as an acceptable means of compliance (AMC) with regard to a certification paragraph is the validation of these methods and their respective results using physical test data. This contribution describes the approach of generating this validation data and its provision by means of a digital twin (Digital twin in Definition & value. Technical report, AIAA & AIA, 12 (2020). https://www.aiaa.org/docs/default-source/uploadedfiles/issues-and-advocacy/policy-papers/digital-twin-institute-position-paper-(december-2020).pdf, 2020) of a manufacturing process. The work is performed for the virtual production of the initial virtual product house (VPH) use case, a composite multispar moveable of a long-range reference aircraft configuration. It includes the definition of the desired validation data, modeling of the manufacturing process by means of an extended formalized process description (FPD) based on Verein Deutscher Ingenieure e.V. (VDI/VDE-Richtlinie 3682-Part 1: Formalised process descriptions-concept and graphic representation. Standard. https://www.beuth.de/de/technische-regel/vdi-vde-3682-blatt-1/230173798, 2015), the choice of required sensors as well as their integration into an existing tooling as well as the structure itself. Furthermore, the realization and data acquisition during the manufacturing process as well as the creation of a digital twin using a data model based on the formalised process are described. Finally, first results for the evaluation of the use case structure are presented. It is shown that is possible to provide a digital twin based on measured sensor data and provide pre-processing capabilities for this raw data to facilitate the validation of manufacturing process simulations. The creation of this digital twin and the overall realization of the manufacturing is greatly facilitated by the use of FPD and a derived digital life data sheet (LDS).
Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG): indications and results—a systematic review
Authors: Stier Christine Karolina , Téoule Patrick , Dayyeh Barham K. Abu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Obesity is a major global health problem and at the same time a financial burden for social security systems. For a long time, conventional lifestyle interventions have tried unsuccessfully to find a solution. It has been proven that only interventions that ultimately address the central control centers of hunger, appetite and satiety will lead to sustained weight loss. As a result, metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) has become the gold standard in the treatment of obesity and has been shown to be effective and safe in both the short and long term. Processed via the gut–brain axis, MBS not only leads to weight loss, but also—and, in addition, independently through the modification of the intestinal tract in bypass surgery—to a significant remission rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus, the typical co-morbidity of obesity. However, MBS is not suitable for all patients. Some patients are ineligible due to a high-risk profile or do not wish to undergo surgery, whilst others do not meet the criteria for MBS but still suffer from obesity. This treatment gap has been a driving force behind the development of endoscopic solutions such as endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG). ESG offers a less invasive, endoluminal and anatomy-sparing alternative that reduces gastric volume by suturing tissue folds along the greater curvature. Such a reduction in gastric volume, which is also one principle of action of MBS, can induce earlier satiety and lead to weight loss. The evidence behind this procedure, in particular its efficacy and safety, should be objectified through this review.
The Politics of Platform Technologies: A Critical Conceptualization of the Platform and Sharing Economy
Authors: Spier Shaked 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper offers a political analysis of the platform and sharing economy—an economic model in which digital platforms facilitate social and economic interactions. Its two central models, mainstream and cooperative platforms, offer similar applications and services (e.g., home-sharing, food delivery), but fundamentally differ in their ownership and governance structures, economic models, and technical designs. Building on literature from the politics of technology (PoT), the paper develops an approach for the political analysis of platform technologies, combining central components from the works of Winner, Feenberg, and Pfaffenberger. This approach is then applied to analyze the platform and sharing economy, highlighting the political significance of platform technologies. The analysis reveals three key insights. First, when incorporated into particular social arrangements, digital platforms become means for shaping social realities rather than mere tools for specific uses. Second, mainstream platforms perpetuate capitalist conditions in the digital sphere and therefore necessitate platform capitalism to function, whereas cooperative platforms resist and undermine it. Third, the dynamics between the platform models embody a struggle over the question of the good life in the digital economy. Additionally, the paper uncovers a philosophical weakness in Winner’s definition of “inherently political technologies” that warrants further attention in PoT literature.
Determinants of frailty among hospitalized older adults across various wards in a tertiary care hospital in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Prabha , Smith Lee , Shakya Sarina , Acharya Yunika 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction
Frailty, characterized by decreased resilience due to physiological decline, affects approximately 65% of community-dwelling elderly in Nepal. This study assessed frailty and its factors among hospitalized older adults in a tertiary hospital in Nepal.

Methods
This cross-sectional study included 124 participants aged 60 and above, admitted to a tertiary hospital in Nepal. Frailty was assessed using the Groningen Frailty Index (GFI), a validated self-reported tool. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with frailty, using STATA version 13.0.

Results
Frailty was observed in 58.8% of participants. Adjusted analysis showed that, compared to those who cannot read and write, those with no formal education had 0.14 times lower odds of frailty (p = 0.01, 95% CI 0.03–0.66), while those with formal education had 0.19 times lower odds (p = 0.01, 95% CI = 0.04–0.73). Participants with comorbidities had 3.51 times higher odds of frailty (p = 0.01, 95% CI: 1.22–10.07), and those with a history of falls had 8.10 times higher odds (p = 0.005, 95% CI: 1.89–34.78).

Conclusion
Frailty was prevalent in over half of the respondents. Lower levels of educational achievement, comorbidities, and a history of falls were identified factors of frailty. Targeted interventions addressing multimorbidity and fall prevention may reduce frailty risk among high-risk older adults in Nepal.
Adaptive Controller Approach for a Three-Axis Helmholtz Magnetic Test-Bed to Test Detumbling Simulations in the GWSAT Satellite
Authors: Espinoza-Garcia Brayan , Wang Xinsheng , Yanyachi P. Raul 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The paper introduces the design and simulation of the IS501NMTB magnetic test-bed, which utilizes three Helmholtz coils controlled by three independent ITECH IT6433 DC power sources and a MAG649L magnetometer. The goal is to perform in-the-loop simulations to test detumbling and nadir-pointing attitude control algorithms for the GWSAT mission, as well as to assess the capability of the IS501NMTB to characterize the magnetic dipole of small satellites using perturbation observers. A mathematical model based on RL circuits and the Biot–Savart law is employed and validated with experimental data measured in 2021 and 2024, demonstrating parameter variations over time. Additionally, closed-loop PID, adaptive PID, and MRAC control algorithms were tested for canceling Earth’s magnetic field and simulating Earth’s magnetic field at the GWSAT orbit using the IGRF-13 model. The results obtained from these simulations are analyzed and compared using error integration and control integration metrics to determine whether the use of adaptive controllers is advantageous in this application.
Activation energies of oxidation in air for SPS-sintered zirconium and its alloys
Authors: Wnuk Radoslaw , Novak Pavel , Stępień Michal , Jaworska Lucyna , Marek Ivo , Noga Piotr , Skrzekut Tomasz , Małecki Stanisław 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The research concerns the oxidation process of SPS-sintered zirconium-based materials. The sintered materials are characterized by residual porosity, which can affect the intensification of the oxidation process, compared to melted materials. On the basis of TGA tests carried out at temperatures of 500, 600, 700, and 800 °C, activation energies in air of sintered Zr, Zr–2.5Cu, Zr–2.5Nb, and Zr–2.5Mn, respectively, were calculated. Based on the studies of the microstructure and phase composition of oxidized materials, degradation mechanisms were analyzed for materials after annealing at 700 °C. In sintered Zr, Zr–2.5Cu, and Zr–2.5Nb oxidized at 700 °C, Si3N4 was detected. Si3N4 is formed at the zirconium oxide–zirconium boundary, in oxygen-deficient conditions. Zr–2.5Cu demonstrated the lowest tendency to oxidize despite the low values of activation energy for the oxidation process in air of 61 kJ/mol. This material showed the highest resistance to oxidation in air.
Mechanical anchorage system in retrofitting of RC slabs using CFRP rods and concrete jacket
Authors: Saeed Firas Hassan , Hejazi Farzad , Rashid Raizal Saifulnaz Muhammad 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Over the past few decades, the demand for retrofitting reinforced concrete members has risen dramatically. Retrofitting reinforced concrete slabs with carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) rods and ultra-high-performance-fiber-reinforced-concrete (UHPFRC) jackets is the one of significantly effective techniques. However, the main challenge of employing CFRP rods and UHPFRC jackets technique to strengthen existing reinforced concrete members is the efficiency of using CFRP rods and the debonding issue between old and fresh new concrete jacketing. Debonding mostly occurs between CFRP rods and old concrete, as well as the surfaces of old and new concrete, and is especially prevalent when the slab is subjected to daily repetitive loads such as cyclic loads. In this study, a new retrofitting system utilizing a mechanical anchor system was proposed to improve the bond between the UHPFRC layer and existing slab. This mechanical system incorporates an expandable anchorage bolt and steel plates. Therefore, a benchmark RC slab and two retrofitted RC slabs were experimentally tested under a five-point incremental repeated load (cyclic load) employing the dynamic actuator. The influence of embedded CFRP rods into the jacket of UHPFRC on the performance of system were studied. The experimental results showed that the newly proposed approach was significantly effective in preventing early debonding. In addition, the mechanical system played an essential role by improving the attachment between the jacket and the slab, ensuring better load transfer. A new proposed retrofitting technique improved the capacity of slabs from 164 to 298kN, illustrating an improvement of over 82%. On the other hand, the FE models have been developed to provide both practical validation and deeper analytical insights, ensuring a comprehensive evaluation of the proposed retrofitting system. Experimental data were used to validate the results of the finite-element models, which showed good agreement and high accuracy. Finally, a parametric study was executed to evaluate the impact of various parameters on the performance and efficacy of the new suggested strengthening technique, and to optimize the proposed system parameters, including the diameter of bolts, a normal strength concrete (NSC) jacket with various grades rather than the UHPFRC, applying the proposed retrofitting technique on a compressive side instead of a tension zone, and rebar steel of varying diameters in the jacket instead of CFRP rods. Findings indicated (parametric study) that using anchor bolts with a diameter greater than 12 mm improved the slabs’ ultimate load capacity.
Current advances in bioethanol synthesis from lignocellulosic biomass: sustainable methods, technological developments, and challenges
Authors: Novia Novia , Melwita Elda , Jannah Asyeni Miftahul , Selpiana Selpiana , Yandriani Yandriani , Afrah Bazlina Dawami , Rendana Muhammad 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass has become an economical and environmentally friendly substitute to current petroleum-based fuels. This is due to its ability to decrease carbon dioxide emissions and make use of plentiful natural resources. Current advances in this area concentrate on improving the effectiveness and expandability of the conversion procedures by using inventive pretreatment approaches, enhanced enzyme compositions, and refined fermentation technologies. Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) and utilizing genetically modified microbes have expedited the decomposition of intricate biomass complexes and enhanced overall productivity. Furthermore, process intensification developments, such as the adoption of hybrid reactors and continuous production systems, have considerably decreased production expenses and energy usage. Nevertheless, there are still obstacles to overcome, including the raw materials inconsistency, the demand for efficient recovery and purifying techniques, and the financial viability of extensive processes. This study examines the latest developments in bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass. It focuses on ecological approaches, technical advancements, and the main obstacles that need to be overcome to exploit its promise as a biofuel fully. This review primarily focused on outcomes documented in the last five years from 2019 to 2024. The first segment of this work focuses on the second-generation bioethanol production process, which includes: the properties and composition of lignocellulosic biomass, pretreatment, enzymatic saccharification, and fermentation. The subsequent portion of this paper examines a techno-economic analysis, the obstacles and the prospective technology outlook. It finishes by discussing findings from research fields that haven't been investigated yet, besides the obstacles faced in bioethanol manufacturing methods.
Unveiling carbon dynamics in year-round waterlogged pond fields: insights into soil organic carbon accumulation and sustainable management
Authors: Xiao Liang , Chen Sijie , Han Fengxiang , Wang Tao , Li Yueshi , Li Wenhan , Yuan Guodong , Wu Jinghua 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Agri-ecosystems with flooded fields are pivotal in global carbon (C) dynamics. Although extensive research has focused on carbon sequestration in paddy fields, year-round waterlogged pond fields remain underexplored. This study investigates carbon dynamics in pond fields planted with Semen Euryales for 0, 24, and 60 years, examining soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation and shifts in its composition. The results revealed a progressive increase in SOC, driven by particulate organic C (POC) and mineral-associated organic (MAOC). SOC increased significantly from 7.49 g kg–1 to 46.10 g kg–1 over the 60 years, with particulate organic carbon (POC) rising from 12.0% to 42.0% and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) decreasing from 87.8% to 58.0%. Lignin phenols, reflecting plant-derived carbon, surged from 11.0% to 68.8%, while amino sugars, indicative of microbial residues, declined from 89.0% to 31.2%, suggesting reduced microbial activity under prolonged anaerobic conditions. Total microbial phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) decreased by 40.6% and 43.8% after 24 and 60 years, respectively, further supporting the conclusion that anaerobic conditions limit microbial survival. The prolonged waterlogging reduced microbial decomposition, enhancing the accumulation of POC, particularly from plant-derived carbon such as Semen Euryales residues. The accumulation of microbial residues, especially fungal necromass, played a significant role in forming MAOC. That is, continuous waterlogging promoted POC accumulation and also contributed to MAOC stabilization. The findings provide valuable insights into sustainable carbon management practices in pond fields and contribute to climate change mitigation.

Graphical Abstract
Dismantling pervasive gender stereotypes in healthcare leadership contexts with an ecological systems theory approach
Authors: Lux Andrei A. , Salehi Nasim , Hurley Diarmuid , Emanuel Elizabeth 
Published: January 2025

AbstractLeadership emergence is fraught with pervasive gender stereotypes, and women remain underrepresented in senior leadership roles, particularly in healthcare organisations. We apply ecological systems theory to explain how environmental factors enable or inhibit women’s leadership emergence in healthcare settings. We interviewed 17 senior female leaders in the Australian healthcare sector to explore how gender-related perceptions affected their leadership journeys. Five themes emerged that challenge existing narratives: men supported women’s advancement; women impeded other women’s progress; vulnerability was a leadership strength; ambitious women were ostracised; and women were ‘given’ leadership opportunities rather than actively pursuing them. By situating these findings within the ecological systems theory framework, we highlight the interplay of individual and contextual influences across ecosystem levels. Our study offers a novel perspective on gender stereotypes in leadership emergence, advancing ecological systems theory by extending it into a new field. We provide recommendations at individual, organisational, community, and societal levels to empower women leaders.
Semantic information boosts the acquisition of a novel grammatical system in different presentation formats
Authors: Wendebourg Katharina , Öttl Birgit , Meurers Detmar , Kaup Barbara 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Designing effective language learning settings requires an understanding of the processes taking place in language learning and the way they interact. One important issue concerns the interaction between meaning and grammar. A number of studies have shown a beneficial effect of semantics in grammar learning. What is unclear, however, is how far this effect may be influenced by the presentation formats of the semantic content. In two experiments, participants performed rule search tasks on Latin sentences. In Experiment 1, we presented semantic information in the form of naturalistic photographs, whereas in Experiment 2, the semantic information was implemented by quasi-translations. The control groups did not receive any semantic information. Learning performance was assessed by a grammaticality-judgment task combined with a source-attributions task. In both experiments, participants in the with-semantics group outperformed the respective control groups. Yet, only in Experiment 1, participants report having more explicit than implicit knowledge. We argue that semantic information boosts the acquisition of grammatical structures regardless of the presentation format. Furthermore, we suggest that, consistent with multimedia learning theories, the pictorial presentation format of Experiment 1 helped to use working memory capacity efficiently, which may have led to the generation of more explicit knowledge.
The prevalence of food addiction and its association with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Silva-Júnior André Eduardo da , Macena Mateus de Lima , Bueno Nassib Bezerra 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The study aim was to determine the prevalence of food addiction (FA) in individuals with type 2 diabetes and to assess the association between FA and type 2 diabetes. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Sciences, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, ScienceDirect, Scopus and PsycINFO were searched until November 2024. This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023465903). Cross-sectional studies, case–control, cohorts and clinical trials that were carried out with individuals with type 2 diabetes, regardless of age and sex, were included. The complete data extracted included the prevalence, OR and/or risk ratio of FA, the number of individuals evaluated, age, sex, weight, presence of co-morbidities, age of participants and FA symptoms. A pooled prevalence of FA of 30 % (95 % CI (18, 44) with estimated predictive interval (0; 85); I2 = 99·51; 12 studies; 15 947 participants) was identified. For the associations between FA and type 2 diabetes, we found a grouped crude OR value of 2·35 (95 % CI (1·71, 2·98)). The pooled OR adjusted for age and sex was 2·60 (95 % CI (1·77, 3·42)). Finally, the OR adjusted for age, sex and BMI was 2·01 (95 % CI (1·39, 2·64)). The results of the meta-analyses showed a high prevalence of FA in individuals with type 2 diabetes and that the associations between these two conditions remained even after adjustment for age, sex and BMI, although with a high heterogeneity among individual estimates.
The Intersection of Brazil's Racial Ideology and African Foreign Policy: The Geisel Administration at the Second World Black and African Festival of Arts and Culture (FESTAC’77)
Authors: Thomas Oliver 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis article examines the ways in which Brazil's African foreign policy during the Ernesto Geisel administration (1974–9) utilised notions of ‘racial democracy’ and the nation's Africanity in framing itself as an intrinsic partner to the continent across the Atlantic. It does this through an analysis of Brazil's involvement at the Second World Black and African Festival of Arts and Culture (FESTAC’77, 15 January–12 February 1977), hosted in Lagos, Nigeria. The international event celebrated past and present contributions of Black and African cultures to global civilisation. An assessment of the Brazilian government's delegation to FESTAC’77 shows how the Geisel administration attempted to depict Brazil as a harmoniously integrated society, where, through a historic process of mixing, the nation's racial identity was united into an equitable whole. In contrast, the propagation of these ideas at FESTAC’77 left the regime's racial ideology vulnerable to attack from international and domestic audiences.
Communist Disinformation Campaigns and the Latin American Cold War of the 1960s: The Case of the Uruguayan Newspaper Época
Authors: Zourek Michal 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBased on declassified documents from the archives of the Czechoslovak intelligence agency (StB) and the contemporary press, this article delves into the working mechanisms of the Communist secret services in Latin America in the 1960s. Specifically, focusing on the case of the newspaper Época, it deals with the production of articles aimed at discrediting the capitalist states and their publication in the press through local collaborators. The link between the StB and the Uruguayan newspaper, which claimed to be politically and economically independent, was pragmatic and, for a time, helped both parties to achieve their political ends. While the StB managed to obtain a space where it could carry out its operations, Época's motivations were not only ideological but also economic and related to the urgent desire of the non-Communist Left to get funding for its political activities.