bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reason To Believe
Authors: Kohn Marek 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The conundrum of language is that an animal clever enough to speak seems too clever to be believed. Many scientists believe that humans’ unique intelligence may be Machiavellian in origin, that it ran away with itself under the selective pressure of life in groups of clever, calculating individuals. And no evolutionary innovation has done more to increase the potential for deception than language. Words are cheap signals that slash the cost of manipulating others.
In God We Trust
Authors: Kohn Marek 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There is one glaring exception to the rule that absolute trust does not normally flourish beyond a child’s early years and its relationship with its parents. What ceasesto be possible with other people remains possible with a deity. The most successful and world-changing innovation in the history of trust must surely be the idea of an omnipresent, omnipotent god. Reason may struggle to lodge trust within it. Faith has no such problem.
Hughes’s first translation: ‘The Storm from Homer, Odyssey, Book V’
Authors: Gillespie Stuart 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Hughes is one of several poets of his generation to take a pronounced interest in translating, or if one prefers adapting, imitating, the Latin and Greek classics of dramatic and non-dramatic verse. Before his time this had not happened on any scale in English poetry for many years—in fact for most of the twentieth century.
‘A holiday in a rest home’: Ted Hughes as vates in Tales from Ovid
Authors: Jacobsen Garrett A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1996 Ted Hughes remarked in a letter to Ann Skea that ‘I also did 25 tales from Ovid’s Metamorphoses—enjoyed that. A holiday in a rest home!’1 The appeal of Ovid’s Metamorphoses to Ted Hughes on one level was no doubt the exercise of the mythic imagination, the focus of so much of Hughes’s own oeuvre. Even at Cambridge, Hughes had changed from English to reading Archaeology and Anthropology in his third year, confessing that he had found in himself an increasing resistance to the weekly critical essay in English literature, a resistance symbolized one night by the dream of a fox-like creature admonishing him for his pursuit of the prosaic.
The Transformations Of The Actaeon Myth: Ovid, Metamorphoses 3 And Ted Hughes’S Tales From Ovid
Authors: Ingleheart Jennifer 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
He . . . is an adaptor. He takes up only those tales which catch his fancy, and engages with each one no further than it liberates his own creative zest.’1 So Ted Hughes, in the introduction to Tales from Ovid, on Ovid’s handling of mythological subject matter in his epic Metamorphoses.
Beyond tragedy: Ted Hughes, Racine, and Euripides
Authors: Gervais David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
a feeling of reconciliation that is painful, a kind of unhappy blessedness in misfortune. (Hegel on Romeo and Juliet) There is a sense in which Hughes’s poetry always gravitated towards tragedy. From the outset, he saw nature as ‘red in tooth and claw’. In ‘Thrushes’, for example: More coiled steel than living—a poised Dark deadly eye, those delicate legs Triggered to stirrings beyond sense—with a start, a bounce, a stab Overtake the instant and drag out some writhing thing.
Where the Wild Things Are: Locating the Marvellous in Augustan Wall Painting
Authors: Platt Verity 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Two women engage in a scene of harmonious domesticity (Figure 1); on the left, a figure dressed in an ornate chiton and himation stands in profile, holding out a small musical instrument towards her companion, who sits on an elegant stool to the right holding a seven- stringed harp. Painted in outline with subtle colour washes of yellow and green, the formal balance, delicate brushwork, and controlled palette of the composition all speak the visual language of fifth- century bc Greece.
Phaethon and the Monsters
Authors: Barchiesi Alessandro 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ovid’s Metamorphoses could be identified as the ultimate text about licentia ‘licence’, the effect of liberating a visionary, unrestrained, transgressive, and unrealistic kind of imagination.1 Words like licentia, miracula ‘marvels’, fingere ‘invent’, non credendus ‘not to be believed’ (in Greek exousia, thaumasia and thaumasta, plasmata, apithanon) are common in Ovid when he tries to express his poetic project in a synthetic programmatic statement. The Phaethon episode has a particular importance in this context: it stands out even in the context of Ovid’s licentious epic, because it brings the poetics of licentious imagination to the level of cosmic sublimity.
Performing the Will of Zeus: The Δ ι ò ς β ο υ λ and the Scope of Early Greek Epic
Authors: Allan William 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this contribution I aim to bring together two of the honorand’s central interests, Homer and performance, so as to illuminate a fundamental structural pattern of early Greek epic, namely the or ‘will of Zeus’. By examining the epic bard’s manifold uses of the Dios boulê, we shall see how the phrase serves a variety of important functions in the early Greek tradition of oral epic poetry: first, as a means of claiming poetic authority; secondly, as a narrative device connecting the particular story to a larger continuum of heroic songs; and, finally, as an expression of a distinctive view of divine and heroic myth. By way of illuminating these functions, let us begin with the proem of the Iliad, which features not only the most prominent use of the Dios boulê in extant epic, but also the most controversial.
Jumping their Bones: Translating, Transgressing, and Creating
Authors: Balmer Josephine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To classicists, translation can sometimes be a dirty word, if not positively obscene—a crutch for those who cannot read the original. As Peter Green has declared of his own excellent translation of Ovid’s exile poetry: ‘[it] remains in the last resort, a pis aller. Those with the original do not need it.’ Such self-denigration is disappointing but perhaps not surprising. Translators have long been subject to the assumption that their art constitutes ‘a task that does not occur in the realms of thought but between the pages of a dictionary’, and that, as such, it is a secondary activity to other literary tasks. Within classical scholarship there is an additional intellectual hierarchy which ranks textual philology at the top and ‘translation cribs’ at the bottom, overlooking the interpretative revelations that translators, in their close readings of a text, can bring to an ancient work. For where scholarship can be static, translation and reinterpretation is fluid, dynamic, a form of critical necromancy breathing new life into dead works. Yet, as Patricia Moyer notes, ‘classicists have yet to assimilate [such] emphasis on the poet-critic’.
Lapsed Classicist
Authors: Longley Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I have been Homer-haunted for fifty years. I treasure my battered copy of W. B. Stanford’s edition of the Odyssey. Charlie Fay, our Classics master at the Royal Belfast Academical Institution (‘Inst’ for short), encouraged us to write the date at the end of each book when we had finished reading it. I completed my first, Book 10, just before Christmas 1956. There in the pernickety hand of the classical annotator is the date: 17. xii. 56. I was just seventeen, but like some elderly scholar I filled the margins with notes about the unseen digamma, the gnomic aorist, epexegesis, synizesis, sociative datives, and other technicalities that now mean little or nothing to me. During each class we would slowly translate ten or twenty lines, and then read the Greek aloud. Somehow the Homeric sunshine broke through all that cloudy donkeywork. I loved the sound of the Greek, the bumpy hexameters, the clash of the broad vowels, the way lips and tongue are vigorously exercised, hammer and tongs. And of course I adored the stories.
Is ‘the Frail Silken Line’ Worth more than ‘a Fart in a Bearskin’? or, how Translation Practice Matters in Poetry and Drama
Authors: Hardwick Lorna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This essay takes up the image of the ‘frail silken line flung across the years’ and examines some of the ways in which contemporary writers, dramatists, readers, and audiences have gone beyond the narrowly instrumental, and have indeed cared more than a fart in their bearskins about the Latin and Greek languages and their impact on sensibility and thought. I aim to explore how translation is not only a means of communicating in non-classical languages but is also a significant means for transmitting knowledge of the conventions and idioms of the classical languages themselves. Taken together, these characteristics make translation a catalyst in creativity. I suggest that traditional polarities between source and target languages and between concepts of ‘translatable’ and ‘untranslatable’ need to be reviewed, and that the ambivalent image of the (then) ‘unknown lover’ is worth examining as both appreciator and progenitor of the continuously developing life of classical languages and culture. I shall approach this by discussing two different examples of ‘translation’ and the issues they raise, and at the end will draw some preliminary conclusions about how the discourse used for conceptualising translations from classical languages might be reformulated, and about the kinds of translation theory that might develop from this kind of practice-based analysis.
Miscellaneous Browne among the Tombs of Norwich Cathedral
Authors: Post Jonathan F S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In a 1934 letter to Donald Stanford, written while Elizabeth Bishop was still an undergraduate at Vassar College, the aspiring poet delightfully exclaimed: Just now I am very proud because I recently acquired a wonderful edition of Sir Thomas Browne . . . very elegant, once selling for $36 and now remaindered at $12. It’s edited by Geoffrey Keynes and has a lot of charming portraits. I should like to do nothing but sit all evening and copy off such sentences as ‘That wee call a bee bird is a small dark gray bird’, or ‘What word you give our knots or gnats, a small marsh bird, very fatte and a daintye dish’. But Cotton Mather still awaits me with his prayers and groans.
Lexical Translations in the Papyri: Koine Greek, Greek Dialects, and Foreign Languages*
Authors: Schironi Francesca 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In general, literary papyrology does not offer the modern linguist much insight into the spoken language of the ancient Greeks, since a papyrus containing a literary text is by default a more controlled product than a documentary text. Unlike a private letter, petition, or contract, a literary papyrus is not a ‘living ‘ document and does not aim to convey practical information. Rather, it is a copy of a text that was often first written some centuries earlier and in a standardized literary language. Moreover, the scribe of a literary text has a particular ‘intellectual ‘ interest; hence his level of education can generally be assumed to be higher than that of the ‘author ‘ of a private document. This is not to say that literary papyri do not contain the usual misspellings which arose in the Hellenistic and Roman periods as a result of changes in pronunciation; of course they do, but no more so than documentary texts.
Diogenes
Authors: Costa C D N 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I came to Athens, father, and having learnt that the companion of Socrates was giving lessons on happiness, I went to hear him. At the time he happened to be lecturing on the two roads that lead to it, saying that there are two and not many, one a short cut and one a long path: so that everyone is free to take the one he wants. At the time I listened to this in silence, but the next day when we went back to hear him, I urged him to explain to us about the two roads. He very readily got up from his seat and took us to the city, right through it to the Acropolis. 2. And when we were near to it, he showed us two roads leading uphill, one short, steep, and difficult, and the other long, smooth, and easy. As he brought us back together he said ’These are the roads leading to the Acropolis, and such are the roads to happiness. Each of you choose the one you want and I will guide you.
Religion, Imperial Politics, and the Offering of Freedom to Slaves
Authors: Osborne Robin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Athenians ran their judicial system without a paid body of investigators and without a paid judiciary. This created various problems for them, particularly how to ensure that breaches of the law were punished and that legal procedures were followed. In this chapter I am concerned with the first of these questions, and particularly with the secondary effects of measures that are adopted to ensure that wrongdoing is prosecuted. I want to suggest that a proper understanding of what Athenians were, and were not, normally prepared to do in order to encourage prosecution sheds important light both upon Athenian social relations and upon the nature of Athenian relations with the allied cities of Ceos in particular, and perhaps the allies of the Second Athenian Confederacy more generally.
The politics of coinage: Athens and antigonus gonatas
Authors: Oliver Graham 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
structure but a fluid and dynamic organism which was always the sum of its constituent parts, namely its citizens. The life and freedom of the politai of the poleis in th&lt;..: l lcllcnistic period arc generally cast in a negative light; some have cwn suggested that the polis had disappcan.:d by this timt:. For many modern commentators the ideas of freedom and autonomy had become so devalued during the Hcllcni;,tic age that promises of cleutheria and autonomia had become mere slogans. Historians of the Hellenistic period need to revise their perceptions of these term;,. What was really understood in ancient sources by eleuthrria and autonomia? This chapter highlights the need for clarification about what ancient pold.1 understood by terms like freedom and autonomy. How did the decision-making processes and the control of the poli tai over their internal affairs and relation;, with the outside world develop? What did it mean to be free in the Grcekpoli.1 during the Hellenistic period? ·rhcsc arc big questions. Although they cannot be answered in depth here, it will be important to keep them in mind.
Virgins and Widows, Show-Girls and Whores: Late Roman Legislation on Women and Christianity
Authors: Grubbs Judith Evans 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Much has been written in the past fifteen years about the role of women in late antique Christianity,1 and more recently, on women in late Roman law.2 Less has been done on the intersection between the two: that is, late Roman legislation directed explicitly toward the relationship between women and the Christian church. Yet, this is a topic for which there exists interesting and abundant evidence, in both the legal sources and contemporary Christian writings. This study will discuss legislation on women and Christianity in the Theodosian Code and the post-Theodosian novellae. What issues involving Christian women particularly concerned the imperial government? What events or individuals prompted legislation aimed at women and the church? Did imperial policy change between the mid-fourth century, when legislation concerning Christian women first appeared, and the later fifth century, when ‘the Church’ had become firmly entrenched in imperial society?
Children and Childhood in Roman Italy
Authors: Rawson Beryl 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Concepts of childhood and the treatment of children are often used as a barometer of society’s humanity, values, and priorities. Children and Childhood in Roman Italy argues that in Roman society children were, in principle and often in practice, welcome, valued and visible. There is no evidence directly from children themselves, but we can reconstruct attitudes to them, and their own experiences, from a wide variety of material - art and architecture, artefacts, funerary dedications, Roman law, literature, and public and private ritual. There are distinctively Roman aspects to the treatment of children and to children’s experiences. Education at many levels was important. The commemoration of children who died young has no parallel, in earlier or later societies, before the twentieth century. This study builds on the dynamic work on the Roman family that has been developing in recent decades. Its focus on the period between the first century BCE and the early third century CE provides a context for new work being done on early Christian societies, especially in Rome.
The Legacy of Tsunesaburo Makiguchi: Value-Creating Education and Global Citizenship
Authors: Bethel Dayle 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
IT has been my privilege and joy, during the past twenty-five years, to talk and lecture about “value-creating education” both in Japan and the United States. The discussion periods that followed the lectures and seminars were, for me, particularly stimulating and challenging. At the same time I often left those encounters with a feeling of unease and dissatisfaction. For a long time I could not put my finger on the cause of this uneasiness. Then one day a few years ago, after a particularly intense and far ranging seminar, the problem suddenly dawned on me.
and Iambic Poetry?
Authors: Bowie Ewen L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
IN this paper I propose (I) to review briefly the traces of narrative early Greek elegiac and iambic poetry that might be seen as ances tors of historiography; (II) to assess how many of these traces might be securely or conjecturally claimed to be composed for sympotic, and how many for other, locations of performance; and (III) to askto what extent any features of our earliest prose historiography might be argued to betray the influence of the techniques or perfor mance conditions of such verse narrative. Section IV offers a very brief conclusion.
Constructing the Past: Colonial Traditions and the Writing of History. The Case of Cyrene
Authors: Giangiulio Maurizio 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I. Historical Memory, Invention of the Past, and Collective Identity: The Nature and Function of Foundation Tales
0 RIG IN s are crucial. As anthropological studies have shown, every society’s sense of collective identity is established and expressed by traditions about its past. It is the social memory that lends continuity to the awareness of the distinctive nature of one group’s experience. Thus, to recollect one’s own past is immediately to identify oneself.’ It will be no surprise, then, to find that traditions of origin structure corporate identity and that societies, in turn, understand themselves in terms of their origin. After all, reality
Local Knowledge 1n Herodotus’ Histories
Authors: Luraghi Nino 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
‘BEI wenigen alten Historikern ist die Quellenkritik so leicht, bei wenigen so unerlasslich wie bei Herodot.” In the light of the end less number of works that have appeared in the century that has passed since von Gutschmid wrote these words, reading them today may make one think that the circular movement of classical studies displays some tragic irony. But that is not the reason why I mention them. In the present study I shall try to argue that the presuppo sitions lying behind von Gutschmid’s statement have produced a substantial misunderstanding of Herodotus’ methods and aims.
Kissing Cousins: Some Curious Cases of Adjacent Material in Herodotus
Authors: Griffiths Alan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
THIS paper examines three pairs of passages in Herodotus which sit right next to each other in the text and seem to be about quite different things. I hope to show that these contiguous sections are in fact intimately linked-whether by what used to be called ‘ar chaic logic’, or some other mechanism of association-in a kind of symbiotic relationship. The juxtaposed elements turn out in each case to be complementary, or paraphrastic, or to provide reciprocal illumination in some way; they seem to mirror each other.
Your Life in their Hands: The King and Dr Cobbler (1-14)
Authors: Henderson John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Malus cum sutor inopia deperditus medicinam ignoto facere coepisset loco et uenditaret falso antidotum nomine uerbosis acquisiuit sibi famam strophis. hie cum iaceret morbo confectus graui rex urbis, eius experiendi gratia scyphum poposcit; fusa dein simulans aqua miscere illius antidote se toxicum,
Themes in the Philosophy of Music
Authors: Davies Stephen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Representing Stephen Davies’s best shorter writings, these essays outline developments within the philosophy of music over the last two decades, and summarize the state of play at the beginning of a new century. Including two new and previously unpublished pieces, they address both perennial questions and contemporary controversies, such as that over the ‘authentic performance’ movement, and the impact of modern technology on the presentation and reception of musical works. Rather than attempting to reduce musical works to a single type, Davies recognizes a great variety of kinds, and a complementary range of possibilities for their rendition. Among the questions that Davies considers are these: How can expressiveness be in a musical work when music experiences nothing? Is music a language of the emotions? How do recorded pop songs and purely electronic pieces differ from works created for live performance? Is John Cage’s silent piece, 4’33”, music? To what extent is the performer free to create her own interpretation and to what extent is she constrained by the composer’s score? Is training in musical technicalities a prerequisite for a full appreciation of musical works and performances? Is an awareness of the socio-historical setting in which a work is created relevant to its appreciation? How does the value of individual musical works go beyond the worth of an interest in music in general? Stimulating and insightful both as individual discussions and as a coherent argument, these essays will be greatly enjoyed by philosophers, aestheticians, art theorists, and musicologists.
The Evaluation of Music1
Authors: Davies Stephen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter I discuss the evaluation and value of music. The essay is divided into three sections. A brief, and largely undefended, account of the nature of evaluation is offered in the first. The second section contains an argument against the view that musical works might be evaluated with equal legitimacy from any number of points of view. I argue that one point of view, in which one takes an aesthetic interest in musical works as music, has a special status, and that there is a presumption that standards of musical evaluation are relative to that point of view. Much of the section is devoted to characterizations of an aesthetic interest and of an interest in musical works as music. In the third section I discuss why music in general (as distinct from its instances) is valued. I attempt to describe the relation between the benefits of a concern with music in general and an aesthetic interest taken in particular musical works as music.
Two Conceptions of Die Uberwindung der Metaphysik
Carnap and Early Wittgenstein
Authors: Conant James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper has two aims: first, to show that if most commentators on Wittgenstein are correct in the views that they attribute to Wittgenstein, then Carnap is a far more important philosopher (and one whose thought is far closer to that of Wittgenstein) than is generally acknowledged in such commentaries, and second, to suggest that the views that are thus attributed to Wittgenstein in such commentaries, although they are to be found in some of the writings of Carnap, are not to be found in the writings of Wittgenstein-not even those of early Wittgenstein.