bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The First Synthesis of Stilbene Dendrimers and their Photochemical trans–cis Isomerization
Authors: Mizutani Takuo , Ikegami Masashi , Nagahata Ritsuko , Arai Tatsuo 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
Highly branched stilbene dendrimers underwent trans–cis isomerization in the excited singlet state within the lifetime of 10 ns.
A Rational Design of Helix: Absolute Helix Synthesis by Binaphthyl-Salen Fusion
Authors: Furusho Yoshio , Maeda Takeshi , Takeuchi Takeshi , Makino Nobuaki , Takata Toshikazu 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
A rational design of helical molecules is presented. Fusing chiral binaphthyl units and metallosalen complexes resulted in formation of molecules which inevitably adopt certain helical conformations.
Effective Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Coefficient of a Novel Transparent Material: N,N-Diphenyl-8-[2-(4-pyridyl)ethenyl]dibenzofuran-2-ylamine
Authors: Kawamata Jun , Akiba Masaharu , Inagaki Yoshio 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
N,N-Diphenyl-8-[2-(4-pyridyl)ethenyl]dibenzofuran-2-ylamine (1) has been synthesized and its second-order nonlinear optical coefficient has been examined by means of Second Harmonic Wave Generated with the Evanescent Wave (SHEW) method. As a result, 1 has been found to exhibit an effective d coefficient 3.0 times as large as that of urea. The cutoff wavelength of the compound was estimated to be 370 nm.
Regio- and Stereoselective Addition of Ketene Silyl Acetals to Quinolinium Salts by Way of an Intramolecular C=O···Qu+ or C=S···Qu+ Interaction
Authors: Yamada Shinji , Morita Chisako 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
Chiral 1,4-dihydroquinolines were synthesized by the addition of ketene silyl acetals to quinolinium salts. The stereoselectivity was associated with the intramolecular interaction between the quinolinium and the carbonyl or thiocarbonyl groups, which was revealed by 1H NMR spectroscopy and X-ray analysis.
A One-Step Synthesis of Reactive Polycarbonate Precursors by the Coupled Oxidative Carbonylation of Bisphenol-A and Phenol with Carbon Monoxide
Authors: Kim Won Bae , Lee Jae Sung 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
The reactive polycarbonate precursors of phenyl carbonate-ended oligomers amenable to polycondensation in the phosgene-free polycarbonate process were catalytically synthesized via a novel one-step reaction of the coupled oxidative carbonylation of bisphenol-A and phenol with carbon monoxide.
Assignment of the C K-Shell Photoabsorption Spectrum of CF3CN Molecule
Authors: Okada Kazumasa , Tanimoto Shuichiro , Ibuki Toshio , Saito Ko , Gejo Tatsuo 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
Assignment of the total C photoabsorption spectrum of CF3CN in the K-shell region has been established with the help of an angle-resolved photofragment ion spectroscopy. The anisotropy parameters for the energetic CF3+ and CN+ fragments were evaluated at the selected photon energies. The linear C–C≡N skeleton basically held in this region since the strongly negative anisotropy parameters were obtained at the πCN* ← CF(1s) transition.
Improved Solid-State Dye Solar Cells with Polypyrrole using a Carbon-Based Counter Electrode
Authors: Kitamura Takayuki , Maitani Masato , Matsuda Mizuho , Wada Yuji , Yanagida Shozo 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
Solid state dye-sensitized solar cell using polypyrrole as a hole transport layer was improved. Carbon-based counter electrode gave a good electric contact with the hole transport layer of polypyrrole to give higher cell performance compared to the cell with gold or platinum counter electrode.
Facilitated Transfer of Hydrophilic Anions across the Nitrobenzene–Water Interface by a Hydrogen-Bonding Ionophore: Applicability for Multianalyte Detection
Authors: Nishizawa Seiichi , Yokobori Tomoyuki , Shioya Takeshi , Teramae Norio 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
A hydrogen bond-forming bis-thiourea 3 can effectively facilitate the transfer of various hydrophilic anions, such as Cl−, CH3COO−, H2PO4−, HPO42− and SO42−, across the nitrobenzene–water interface, suggesting possible use of 3 for multianalyte detection with an amperometric sensing mode.
Electrical Properties of tert-Butyl-Substituted Germanium Cluster
Authors: Watanabe Akira , Unno Masashi , Hojo Fusao , Miwa Takao 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
Conductive amorphous germanium film was prepared by heat treatment of tert-butyl-substituted germanium cluster at 200 °C and the crystallization was observed above 500 °C, which are remarkably lower temperatures than those of n-propyl-substituted germanium cluster.
Synthesis of a Tridentate Hydrosilane and Its Reaction with Palladium(0) Complexes
Authors: Chen Wanzhi , Shimada Shigeru , Hayashi Teruyuki , Tanaka Masato 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
A new tridentate hydrosilane (2-SiH3C6H4)2SiH2 reacts with a mixture of Pd(Pet3)4 and R2PCH2CH2PR2 (R = Me or Et) to give dinuclear (silyl)(µ-silylene)palladium(II) complexes, while the reaction with a mixture of Pd(Pet3)4 and Cy2PCH2CH2Pcy2 (Cy = cyclohexyl) afforded a mononuclear (silyl)(disilanyl)palladium(II) complex, the Si–Si bond of which was formed by the intramolecular dehydrocoupling. The structures of the new complexes were determined by X-ray diffraction.
Unexpected Reactions of an Isolable Dialkylsilylene with Haloalkanes
Authors: Ishida Shintaro , Iwamoto Takeaki , Kabuto Chizuko , Kira Mitsuo 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
Reactions of an isolable dialkylsilylene with dichloromethane and (chloromethyl)cyclopropane occur in solution to afford the double silylene insertion product and an unusual 5-silaspiro[4.4]nonane derivative, respectively. The activation of the carbon–chlorine bonds due to the complexation of haloalkanes with the silylene may facilitate the nucleophilic attack of another silylene under the present reaction conditions.
Hydrolytic Stability of Ribose Phosphodiester Bonds within Several Oligonucleotides at High Temperatures Using a Real-Time Monitoring Method for Hydrothermal Reactions
Authors: Kawamura Kunio 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
The hydrolytic stability of ribose phosphodiester bond within several types of oligonucleotides was measured at 150–200 °C using a real-time monitoring method. It was observed that the stability of a phosphodiester linkage is dependent on the surrounding sequences of the phosphodiester linkage at high temperatures. The fact indicates that some weak interactions, such as hydrophobic interaction, might be effective within the oligonucleotides at high temperatures.
Gelation of Ionic Liquids with a Low Molecular-Weight Gelator Showing Tgel above 100 °C
Authors: Ikeda Atsushi , Sonoda Kenshi , Ayabe Masatsugu , Tamaru Shun-ichi , Nakashima Takuya , Kimizuka Nobuo , Shinkai Seiji 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
In an attempt to obtain solidified ionic liquids a cholesterol-based gelator has been applied to gelation of these liquids. By addition of a small amount of low molecular-weight gelator 1, ionic liquids such as N,N′-dialkyl-substituted imidazolium ions and N-alkyl pyridinium ions are easily gelated to give the sufficiently thermostable physical gels.
A Useful and Environmentally Benign Synthetic Protocol for Dethiolization by Employing Vanadium Pentoxide Catalyzed Oxidation of Ammonium Bromide by Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Mondal Ejabul , Bose Gopal , Sahu Priti Rani , Khan Abu T 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
A wide variety of thioacetals and thioketals can be cleaved chemoselectively in presence of olefin and aromatic ring as well as other protecting groups to carbonyl compounds by employing V2O5 catalyzed oxidation of ammonium bromide by H2O2 in CH2Cl2–H2O solvent system; mild conditions, high selectivity, good yield, and no side products such as bromination or oxidation are some of the major advantages.
Insoluble Lithium Complex of Polyether Carboxylic Acids Consisting of Naphthalene Repeating Unit and Its Stable Monolayer on Aqueous Surfaces
Authors: Taguchi Kazuhiro , Murakami Teiichi , Higuchi Masahiro , Goto Midori , Hiratani Kazuhisa , Okada Akemi , Akabori Sadatoshi , Miyake Yasuhito , Miyata Mikiji 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
We synthesized several polyether dicarboxylic acids with naphthalene and trimethylene groups as repeating units. The polyethers selectively formed complexes with lithium, an alkali metal. In contrast to the typical polyethers, their alkali metal complexes exhibited very low solubilities for water and hydrophobic organic solvents such as chloroform and toluene. Polyethers having seven naphthalene units formed a stable monolayer on an aqueous subphase, only when alkali metal hydroxides were added, but not acid.
Assistance of Core-Ion Dissociation by Energy Transmission from Solvent Molecules in N3O3−(NO)n (n = 0–38) Impact onto Silicon Surface
Authors: Yamaguchi Hitoshi , Yasumatsu Hisato , Kondow Tamotsu 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
A size-selected cluster anion, N3O3−(NO)n (n = 0–38), was allowed to collide onto a silicon surface, and the product anions, NO2−, N2O2− and N3O3−(NO)m (m = 0–2), from the surface were observed mass-spectroscopically. The branching fractions of the product anions were measured as functions of the energy of the incoming parent cluster anion and the size, n. It was found that NO molecules located in the vicinity of the core ion, N3O3−, transmit their kinetic energy to N3O3− most efficiently.
A New Maturity Indicator of Sedimentary Organic Matter Based on Thermal Fission of Allylic Bond in Porphyrins
Authors: Nomoto Shinya , Kozono Masaki , Mita Hajime , Shimoyama Akira 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
A 3-ethyl-4-methylpyrrole unit in etioporphyrin was shown to be converted to a 3,4-dimethylpyrrole unit by the action of heat, which was proved to be catalyzed by Na-montmorillonite. Time courses of the reaction could be followed by analyzing 2-ethyl-3-methyl- and 2,3-dimethylmaleimide after chromic acid oxidation of the porphyrin. The ratio of these maleimides was proposed as a new maturity indicator for sedimentary organic matter.
Ring-Opening Glycosylation of a Chitobiose Oxazoline Catalyzed by a Non-Chitinolytic Mutant of Chitinase
Authors: Sakamoto Junji , Watanabe Takeshi , Ariga Yumiko , Kobayashi Shiro 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
Ring-opening glycosylation of a chitobiose oxazoline was exclusively achieved by catalysis of a mutated chitinase that is only active for the glycosylation and not for chitinolysis.
Novel Anode Material for Lithium-ion Batteries: Carbon-Coated Silicon Prepared by Thermal Vapor Decomposition
Authors: Umeno Tatsuo , Fukuda Kenji , Wang Hongyu , Dimov Nikolay , Iwao Takashi , Yoshio Masaki 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
Carbon-coated Si has been prepared by thermal vapor decomposition technique. The electrochemical behaviors of carbon-coated Si together with Si have been investigated as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. The good cycleability of carbon-coated Si under lithiation capacity of 1200 mA h/g has been correlated with ex situ XRD patterns as well as SEM graphs.
Synthesis of Nanowires and Coral-Shaped Nanostructures of Ag by an Ultraviolet Photo-Reduction Technique at Room Temperature
Authors: Zhou Yong , Hao Lingyun , Hu Yuan , Zhu Yurui , Chen Zuyao 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
Nanowires and coral-shaped nanostructures of Ag were prepared by an ultraviolet photo-reduction technique at room temperature.
Design of a Novel Cyclopropane Donor Bis(trimethylsilylmethyl)cyclopropane and Its Electron Transfer Reactions
Authors: Oku Akira , Yamauchi Yoshihito , Schroeder Marc 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
A novel donor of SET reactions, 1,1-bis(trimethylsilylmethyl)-2-phenylcyclopropane (BTCP), was designed to function as a homoallylic 1-phenyl-3-(trimethylsilylmethyl)-3-butenyl radical (5). Thus, non-irradiated reaction of BTCP with DDQ or chloranil gave a six-membered cyclic compound, which corresponds to a Diels–Alder adduct of 3-trimethylsilylmethyl-1,3-butadiene derived from BTCP. The photoinduced electron transfer reaction of BTCP with ketones afforded the C–C coupling products of 5 in high yields.
The First Stable Aromatic S-Nitrosothiol: Synthesis, Structure and Reactivity
Authors: Itoh Maiko , Takenaka Keiko , Okazaki Renji , Takeda Nobuhiro , Tokitoh Norihiro 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
The first stable aromatic S-nitrosothiol, S-nitroso-4-t-butyl-2,6-bis[(2,2″, 6,6″-tetramethyl-m-terphenyl-2′-yl)methyl]benzenethiol, was synthesized by the nitrosation of the corresponding thiol and the structure was established by X-ray crystallography. Its oxidation and reactions with some nucleophiles were carried out.
CD Investigation of Porphyrin–Porphyrin Interaction with Links to Acyclic β-Sheet Peptide Self-Assembled in an Aqueous Media
Authors: Arai Toru , Inudo Makiko , Ishimatsu Tomomi , Sasaki Tomikazu , Kato Tamaki , Nishino Norikazu 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
Amphiphilic peptide, Ac-Cys(Por)-Lys-Val-(-Ser-Val-)n-Lys-Val-NH2 (n = 0 or 1, Cys(Por) = side-chain porphyrin-linked Cys), self-assembled to form the β-sheet in buffer solution-2,2,2-trifluoroethanol and showed exciton coupled Cotton effects in the porphyrin region due to the closely oriented porphyrins.
General and Greener Route to Ketones by Palladium-Catalyzed Direct Conversion of Carboxylic Acids with Organoboronic Acids
Authors: Kakino Ryuki , Narahashi Hirohisa , Shimizu Isao , Yamamoto Akio 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
Cross-coupling reaction of carboxylic acids with organoboron compounds catalyzed by palladium complexes in the presence of an activator such as dimethyl dicarbonate under mild conditions gives ketones in excellent yields except for certain substrates.
Preparation of Fine Sr2CeO4 Particles for a Blue Phosphor
Authors: Chiga Takanobu , Masui Toshiyuki , Imanaka Nobuhito , Adachi Gin-ya 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
Fine Sr2CeO4 particles of a blue emission phosphor have been synthesized using a chemical co-precipitation technique, and the textual and optical properties were compared with the one synthesized by the conventional solid-state reaction method. Mean particle size of the prepared Sr2CeO4 fine particles was smaller than that given by the sample prepared from the solid-state reaction method. However, photoluminescence intensity was maintained in spite that it usually decreases with the particle size reduction.
Electrochemical Studies for Interaction between [Cu(salen)] and La(III) Ion in N,N-Dimethylformamide
Authors: Manseki Kazuhiro , Shimizu Yuko , Obata Akiko , Sakiyama Hiroshi , Unoura Kei , Sakamoto Masatomi , Nishida Yuzo , Sadaoka Yoshihiko , Okawa Hisashi 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
The interaction between [Cu(salen)] and La(III) in DMF was studied by cyclic voltammetry and EQCM (Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance) technique. The quasi-reversible redox wave of [Cu(salen)] around −1.1 V vs Ag/AgCl was replaced by a reduction wave around −0.9 V on forming a [Cu(salen)···La] complex. The CuLa complex disproportionated on the electrode to exhibit an anodic stripping of Cu(0) to Cu(II) around +0.2 V.
A 3-Volt Lithium-Ion Cell with Li[Ni1/2Mn3/2]O4 and Li[Li1/3Ti5/3]O4 : A Method to Prepare Stable Positive-Electrode Material of Highly Crystallized Li[Ni1/2Mn3/2]O4
Authors: Ohzuku Tsutomu , Ariyoshi Kingo , Yamamoto Satoshi , Makimura Yoshinari 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
Li[Ni1/2Mn3/2]O4 having a spinel-framework structure was prepared by a two-step solid state reaction, i.e., crystallization at 1000 °C followed by an oxidation at 700 °C in air, and examined in nonaqueous lithium cells. Thus prepared Li[Ni1/2Mn3/2]O4 showed low polarization and stability against electrolyte oxidation with rechargeable capacity of about 110–130 mAh/g at 4.7 V with 10–30 mAh/g at 4.0 V vs Li. Capacity in region of ca. 4.0 V vs Li, which was usually observed for the samples prepared by the conventional method, can be minimized by the oxidation process at 700 °C. A 3-volt lithium-ion battery with two insertion materials based on lithiated transition metal oxides having spinel-framework structures is demonstrated therefrom.
Spindle-Type EuO Nanocrystals and Their Magnetic Properties
Authors: Thongchant Supitcha , Hasegawa Yasuchika , Wada Yuji , Yanagida Shozo 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
EuO nanocrystals were prepared by liquid phase reaction of europium metal in liquid ammonia for the first time. TEM revealed that the EuO nanocrystals had a spindle shape with mean length of 280 nm (a) by mean width of 95 nm (b). The SQUID measurement showed that the EuO nanocrystals turned into ferromagnetic phase at 70 K and 150 K.
Regioselective Photohydroxylation of Quinolinium Ions in Smectite Clay Interlayers
Authors: Usami Hisanao , Shimizu Yoshiaki , Fujimatsu Hitoshi , Iijima Takashi 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
Quinolinium and N-methylquinolinium intercalated in smectite clays were irradiated with ultraviolet light longer than 300 nm under air atmosphere. 5-Hydroxyquinolinium was primarily obtained in both systems.
White Light Optical Waveguide Detection of Transient Absorption Spectra in Ultrathin Organic Films upon Pulsed Laser Excitation
Authors: Kawai Hideki , Nakano Kazuhiro , Nagamura Toshihiko 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
White light optical waveguide (WOWG) method was applied to transient absorption spectroscopy of ultrathin polymer films. Tetraphenylporphinetetrasulfonic acid (TPPS) in poly(vinyl alcohol) films on the surface of OWG glass was excited with the second harmonics of a nanosecond Nd:YAG laser. The transient absorption spectrum of excited triplet TPPS was detected highly sensitively for a film with the absorbance at 532 nm of only 0.0005.
Tautomeric Equilibrium of Fluorescein in Solution: Ab Initio Calculations
Authors: Jang Yun Hee , Hwang Sungu , Chung Doo Soo 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
The tautomeric equilibrium of fluorescein was investigated by calculating the relative free energies of various tautomers at neutral, anionic, and dianionic states both in the gas phase and in solution (water or DMSO) using an ab initio quantum mechanical method (B3LYP/6-31++G**) in combination with the Poisson–Boltzmann continuum solvation approach.
Synthesis of Carthamin Acetate, the Red Pigment in Safflower Petals
Authors: Sato Shingo , Kumazawa Toshihiro , Watanabe Hiroyuki , Takayanagi Koji , Matsuba Shigeru , Onodera Jun-ichi , Obara Heitaro , Furuhata Kimio 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
Carthamin acetate, (3S,3′S)-1-[5-(p-acetoxycinnamoyl)-3-C-(β-d-2″,3″,4″,6″-tetra-O-acetylglucopyranosyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-2,6-diketo]cyclohex-4-enylidene-1′-[5′-(p-acetoxycinnamoyl)-3′-C-(β-d-2″′,3″′,4″′, 6″′-tetra-O-acetylglucopyranosyl)-2′,3′,4′-trihydroxy-6′-keto]cyclohexa-1′,4′-dienylmethane 7a and its (3R, 3′R)-epimer 7b were synthesized via the C-glycosylation of 2-acetyl-1,3,4,5-benzenetetrol using acetobromoglucose in the presence of sodium hyride, followed by aldol condensation with p-hydroxybenzaldehyde after methyl-protection of the enolic hydroxy group, and subsequent dimerization with triethyl orthoformate after demethylation, in a total yield of 0.6%. Their absolute configurations were determined by X-ray analysis of the key intermediate 4b.
Preparation of High Activity Catalyst for Ammonia Synthesis by Supporting Well-Defined Ru Nanoparticles on γ-Al2O3
Authors: Miyazaki Akane , Balint Ioan , Aika Ken-ichi , Nakano Yoshio 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
Uniform ruthenium metal nanoparticles with an average diameter of 5 nm have been prepared and supported on γ-Al2O3 up to 6.3 wt%. The Ru/Al2O3 catalyst prepared by this method had unusually high activity for ammonia synthesis. The rate of ammonia formation was at least 12 times higher than the rate of non-promoted Ru/Al2O3 catalysts prepared by conventional impregnation methods.
Acid-Catalyzed Cyclization of Vinylsilanes Bearing a Hemiacetal Group
Authors: Miura Katsukiyo , Takahashi Tatsuyuki , Nishikori Hisashi , Hosomi Akira 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
In the presence of a catalytic amount of TsOH·H2O, hemiacetals derived from (Z)-4-trialkylsilyl-3-buten-1-ols and chloral were cyclized to 2-trichloromethyl-4-trialkylsilylmethyl-1,3-dioxanes in good to high yields. The substrates bearing an allylic substituent achieved high levels of 1,2-asymmetric induction. When the silyl group was a benzyldimethylsilyl group, the products could be efficiently converted to 1,2,4-triol derivatives by oxidative cleavage of the silicon–carbon bond.
Polar Assembly of 2,6-Diethynylpyridine through C(sp2)–H···N, C(sp)–H···π and π–π Stacking Interactions: Crystal Structure and Nonlinear Optical Properties
Authors: Ohkita Masakazu , Suzuki Takanori , Nakatani Keitaro , Tsuji Takashi 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
The crystallization of 2,6-diethynylpyridine 1 leads to C(sp2)–H···N hydrogen bonded head-to-tail tapes which are held together by C(sp)–H···π hydrogen bridges to form 2D polar sheets; further assembly through π–π stacking interaction results in 3D polar crystals which show intense powder SHG response, 5-fold stronger than crystalline urea.
π–π and σ–π Interactions in α,ω-Dinaphthyl and -Dianthryl Oligosilanes in Solution
Authors: Karatsu Takashi , Shibata Toshifumi , Nishigaki Atsuko , Fukui Keijiro , Kitamura Akihide 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
The π–π and σ–π interactions in α,ω-di-1-naphthyl and -di-9-anthryl oligosilanes [Np–(SiMe2)n–Np (1–4), Ant–(SiMe2)n–Ant (5–8), n = 1–4] were investigated in solution. In nonpolar solvents such as cyclohexane, a strong excimer fluorescence is observed, which indicates a strong π–π interaction. In a polar solvent (CH3CN), a charge-transfer (CT) emission is observed for 3 and 4 due to the σ–π interaction.
Rund um Kohlensäure
Authors: Kölle Ulrich 
Published: April 2003

AbstractKOHLENSÄURE, eine Substanz in aller Munde, im direkten Sinne des Wortes, ist chemisch eine vertrackte, daher aber auch besonders interessante Spezies. Als Verbrennungsprodukt von Kohlenstoff und kohlenstoffhaltigen Substanzen ist das Kohlenstoffdioxid einer der ersten „chemischen Stoffe”︁, welche Schüler im Chemieunterricht kennen lernen und in Form von CO2, Carbonat und Hydrogencarbonat wird diese „Kohlensäure”︁ immer wieder auftauchen. Da könnte es sich lohnen, sie selber, H2CO3, einmal unter die Lupe zu nehmen.
Modellexperimente zum Gasbrenner und zur Wasserstrahlpumpe
Authors: de Vries Tönjes 
Published: April 2003

AbstractZU DEN WICHTIGSTEN GERÄTEN im Labor und auch im Chemieunterricht zählt zweifelsohne der Gasbrenner. Es wundert daher nicht, dass dessen Aufbau in nahezu allen Schulbüchern auf den ersten Seiten beschrieben wird. Auch im Chemie‐Anfangsunterricht erforschen Schüler begeistert mit Hilfe von Magnesia‐Stäbchen die unterschiedlichen Temperaturzonen in der Brennerflamme [vgl. 1]. Obwohl das Gerät einfach zu bedienen ist, wird das dahinter steckende Funktionsprinzip von Schülern oft nicht verstanden. Dieses liegt sicherlich darin begründet, dass der Weg des Erdgases durch den Brenner im wahrsten Sinne des Wortes nicht „durchschaubar”︁ ist. Es ist nur schwer erkennbar, dass sich durch die angesogene Luft im Brennerrohr ein Gas/Luft‐Gemisch bildet. In ähnlicher Weise verborgen ist auch die Funktionsweise der ebenfalls häufig im Unterricht eingesetzten Wasserstrahlpumpen 1).Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden zunächst die beiden Geräten zugrunde liegenden strömungsphysikalischen Prinzipien beschrieben und auf Teilchenebene gedeutet. Anschließend werden Modellexperimente vorgestellt, die die Funktionsweise von Gasbrenner und Wasserstrahlpumpe veranschaulichen.