bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors Predicting Prognosis in Moderate and Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Pediatrics in Tanta University Hospital
Authors: El Sebaie Nahla El-Sebaie Mostafa , Nassar Esraa Hamdy , Ibrahim Mohamed Amer , Heniedy Mohamed Ahmed El , Saber Ahmed Mohamed Hamed 
Published: October 2023

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is well recognized as the primary cause of mortality and impairment in cases of pediatric trauma. TBI is the prevailing cause of both disability and mortality associated with trauma in children within industrialized nations. The objective of this research was to identify radiological and clinical criteria indicators that might serve as prognostic factors for pediatric patients with severe and moderate TBI.
Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted on hundred fifty pediatric individuals younger than eighteen years old with severe and moderate TBI within twenty-four hours. The obtained computerized tomography (CT) and clinical data findings were compared with outcome and the outcome categorized into unfavourable and favourable. Unfavourable defined as death, deterioration in Glasgow coma scale (GCS) and discharge with severe disability. Favourable defined as discharging without complications.
Results: GSC, hypotension, hypoxia, unequal pupil, WBCs, and some of the CT findings were demonstrated to be statistically important linked with unfavourable findings.
Conclusions: Low initial GCS score, Hypotension, hypoxia, unequal pupil, hemiplegia, and the presence of midline shift or subdural haemorrhage of five mm or more in the initial CT were found to be poor prognostic factors.
Key Risk Factors Associated With Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Use Among Adolescents
Authors: Le Thuy T. T. 
Published: October 2023

ImportanceThe prevalence of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use among US youths has increased significantly during the past decade. Identifying key factors highly associated with ENDS use is essential in monitoring and preventing this harmful behavior among youths.ObjectiveTo identify the most important risk factors in wave 4.5 (ie, December 2017 to December 2018) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study (PATH) data that are associated with ENDS use in wave 5 (ie, December 2018 to November 2019) among adolescents who were tobacco-naive at baseline.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis prognostic study examined data from waves 4.5 and 5 of the PATH youth data set using machine learning techniques. The PATH study is a nationally representative longitudinal cohort study of tobacco use and health in the United States among individuals aged 12 years and older. The data analysis was carried out between January and April 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresWave 5 current ENDS use status of wave 4.5 adolescents who were tobacco-naive.ResultsThe analyzed data set comprised 7943 individuals who were tobacco-naive in wave 4.5. Among this group, 332 participants (4.2%) indicated their present use of ENDS in wave 5, 5047 (63.5%) were aged 12 to 14 years, 4066 (51.2%) were male, and 2455 (30.9%) were Hispanic. The most important risk factors of ENDS use in wave 5 among adolescents who were tobacco-naive in wave 4.5 were the likelihood of using ENDS if offered by a best friend (mean SHAP value, 0.184), the number of best friends using e-cigarettes (mean SHAP value, 0.167), household tobacco usage (mean SHAP value, 0.161), curiosity about ENDS use (mean SHAP value, 0.088), future intention to use ENDS (mean SHAP value, 0.068), youth’s total average weekly earnings (mean SHAP value, 0.060), and perceptions of tobacco product safety (mean SHAP value, 0.026).Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this study suggest that family and friends play an important role in ENDS use among adolescents. The top-ranking factors associated with ENDS use in this study are areas for further exploration, given the increasing prevalence of ENDS use among youths in recent years. Additionally, these findings highlight the important role of families and schools in shaping adolescents’ tobacco-related knowledge, which can protect them from using ENDS.
Young Adult Physical Activity Trajectories and Midlife Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: de Brito Junia N. , McDonough Daniel J. , Mathew Mahesh , VanWagner Lisa B. , Schreiner Pamela J. , Gabriel Kelley Pettee , Jacobs David R. , Terry James G. , Carr John Jeffrey , Pereira Mark A. 
Published: October 2023

ImportancePhysical activity (PA) is recommended for preventing and treating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Yet, how long-term patterns of intensity-based physical activity, including moderate-intensity PA (MPA) and vigorous-intensity PA (VPA), might affect the prevalence of NAFLD in middle age remains unclear.ObjectiveTo identify distinct intensity-based PA trajectories from young to middle adulthood and examine the associations between PA trajectories and NAFLD prevalence in midlife.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based cohort of 2833 participants used the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study data. The setting included field clinics in Birmingham, Alabama; Chicago, Illinois; Minneapolis, Minnesota; and Oakland, California. Data analysis was completed in March 2023.ExposuresPA was self-reported at 8 examinations over 25 years (1985-1986 to 2010-2011) and separately scored for MPA and VPA.Main Outcomes and MeasuresNAFLD was defined as liver attenuation values less than 51 Hounsfield units after exclusion of other causes of liver fat, measured using computed tomography in year 25 (2010-2011).ResultsAmong a total of 2833 participants included in the sample, 1379 (48.7%) self-identified as Black, 1454 (51.3%) as White, 1206 (42.6%) as male, and 1627 (57.4%) as female from baseline (1985-1986) (mean [SD] age, 25.0 [3.6] years) to year 25 (2010-2011) (mean [SD] age, 50.1 [3.6] years). Three MPA trajectories were identified: very low stable (1514 participants [53.4%]), low increasing (1096 [38.7%]), and moderate increasing (223 [7.9%]); and 3 VPA trajectories: low stable (1649 [58.2%]), moderate decreasing (1015 [35.8%]), and high decreasing (169 [6.0%]). After adjustment for covariates (sex, age, race, study center, education, smoking status, and alcohol consumption), participants in the moderate decreasing (risk ratio [RR], 0.74; 95% CI, 0.54-0.85) and the high decreasing (RR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.44-0.80) VPA trajectories had a lower risk of NAFLD in middle age, relative to participants in the low stable VPA trajectory. Adjustments for baseline body mass index and waist circumference attenuated these estimates, but the results remained statistically significant. The adjusted RRs across the MPA trajectories were close to null and not statistically significant.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cohort study of Black and White participants found a reduced risk of NAFLD in middle age for individuals with higher levels of VPA throughout young to middle adulthood compared with those with lower VPA levels. These results suggest the need for promoting sustainable and equitable prevention programs focused on VPA over the life course to aid in lowering NAFLD risk.
Radical‐Mediated Scission of Thioaminals for On‐Demand Construction‐Then‐Destruction of Cross‐Linked Polymer Networks
Authors: Hernandez Juan J. , Sama Gopal Reddy , Hu Yunfeng , Soars Shafer , Niemet Claire E. , Sanchez Cassandra M. , Bowman Christopher N. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTwo‐stage polymerizing‐then‐degrading networks are achieved by exposure to a single near UV light source, by sequentially performing thiol–ene photopolymerization and radical‐mediated thioaminal scission. To understand the mechanisms involved, synthesis of model thioaminal small molecules shows photo‐activated thioaminal scission produces thioamide moieties, identifiable by distinct NMR singlets at 3.29 and 3.26 ppm and a Fourier Transform IR (FTIR) peak ≈1530 cm−1. The scission process is proposed to occur via ß‐scission of the carbon next to the sulfur atom and is found to be influenced by thiol substitution on the thioaminal, leading to scission conversion increasing from 5 ± 1 to 39 ± 3% and scission time decreasing from 6 to 2 min as the thiols become progressively more substituted. Thioaminal scission occurs semi‐orthogonally with radical‐mediated thiol–ene reactions; the thiol–ene reaction achieves near quantitative yield within the first 0.5 min while thioaminal scission requires a further 5–15 min. This semi‐orthogonality is exploited to create two‐stage polymerizing‐then‐degrading networks, with both regimes dependent on total light dose from a single light source and the transition occurring ≈2 J cm−2 under these exposure and polymerization conditions. This work establishes thioaminals as a new photo‐mediated scission chemistry and a means to create multi‐stage, light‐activated networks.
Highly Reconfigurable Logic‐In‐Memory Operations in Tunable Gaussian Transistors for Multifunctional Image Processing
Authors: Sang Weihui , Xiang Du , Cao Yi , Tan Feixia , Han Zichao , Songlu Wenyu , Zhou Peng , Liu Tao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractReconfigurable logic‐in‐memory device, albeit a promising hardware platform for constructing parallel computing architectures, still suffers from high power‐consumption and low area‐efficiency arising from the circuit redundancy in silicon (Si) based technical path. 2D materials are identified as potential building blocks to significantly reduce the circuit footprints with outstanding power‐efficiency, owing to their atomically thin nature and unique electronic properties. However, the present 2D logic devices are primarily based on single channel materials with homogeneous transport polarities, limiting the device reconfigurability for multi‐functional applications. Here, 2D p–n junction based dual‐gate Gaussian‐type transistors for simplified reconfigurable logic circuits are reported. All fundamental Boolean logic operators are implemented in a single device with electrically driven reconfigurability, giving rise to an ultra‐low transistor consumption down to 13% of the traditional circuits. The device is also demonstrated as a reliable image processing unit for various computing tasks (pixel processing, comparing, and ciphering) by executing the corresponding logic operations. Moreover, in situ memory of the Boolean logics is achieved by engineering the dielectric properties of the transistor without compromising its reconfigurability. These findings provide a potential approach to achieving reconfigurable logic‐in‐memory operations at the hardware level, with significant implications for the advancement of parallel computing.
Two‐Photon Pumped Single‐Mode Lasing in CsPbBr3 Perovskite Microwire
Authors: Lu Junfeng , He Xiaopeng , Xu Juan , Li Fangtao , Tang Qingbin , Wang Xiaoxuan , Dai Jun , Yao Qiushi , Qin Feifei , Xu Chunxiang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAchieving high‐quality, frequency‐upconversion single‐mode lasing output is an important requirement for developing new nonlinear optoelectronic devices, such as on‐chip optical communication, nonlinear optical switches, and optical parametric amplifiers. Here, an individual CsPbBr3 microwire prepared by the anti‐solvent method is served as both gain media and microresonator to achieve two‐photon pumped frequency upconversion single‐mode lasing with the side‐mode suppression ratio of 18 dB. Meanwhile, the refractive index of orthorhombic perovskite is theoretically calculated based on first principles, and determining its square whispering‐gallery oscillation type by combining with the plane wave model and the steady‐state oscillation conditions of laser. The extracted exciton binding energy of 33.15 meV higher than the thermal ionization energy of room temperature (≈26 meV) suggests that the as‐grown CsPbBr3 microwires possess the capacity to achieve two‐photon pumped lasing output, as well further gaining deeper insights into the role of exciton‐phonon coupling in light emission.
Comprehensive Understanding of Structure Transition in LiMnyFe1−yPO4 during Delithiation/Lithiation
Authors: Li Shuzhen , Zhang Hao , Liu Yong , Wang Li , He Xiangming 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe complexity of structural changes in LiMnyFe1−yPO4 (LMFP) during delithiation/lithiation poses unique challenges in kinetics and cycling, distinguishing it significantly from LiFePO4. Therefore, comprehending the delithiation/lithiation mechanism of LMFP is essential to optimize material design, synthesis, and battery application management. However, existing reports show apparent discrepancies and contradictions. This paper elucidates the relaxation property of LMFP, providing a comprehensive review of crystal structure and electronic structure change mechanisms during delithiation/lithiation based on in situ characterization. Regarding crystal structure transition, variations in LMFP's compositional uniformity across different literature, stemming from differences in the synthesis process, may contribute to multiple mechanisms. Concerning electronic structure changes, the chemical environments between Fe and Mn are mutual interaction, and the sluggish kinetics of the Mn2+/Mn3+ reaction suggest partial charge compensation by oxygen in the phosphate group. Building on these findings, the paper addresses existing research deficiencies and identifies potential directions for future investigations into the delithiation/lithiation mechanism of LMFP, aiming to provide a solid theoretical foundation for developing new olivine‐type cathode materials with superior electrochemical performance.
A Biomimetic Follicle‐Based Design for Engineering Reproductive Technologies
Authors: Sánchez‐Ajofrín Irene , Andreu Carlos M. , Galindo Josué M. , San‐Millán Irene , Merino Sonia , Soler Ana Josefa , Herrero M. Antonia , Vázquez Ester 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn the field of assisted reproductive technologies, oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) has emerged as a potential alternative to overcome the limitations associated with standard ovarian stimulation treatments. However, current IVM protocols lack standardization and yield oocytes of inferior quality compared to those matured in vivo. To address this issue, novel biomaterials like hydrogels offer distinct advantages in cell culture by providing a 3D cellular environment and facilitating easy adjustment and characterization of mechanical properties, such as hydrogel stiffness. Herein, a novel and reusable bilayer hydrogel system is presented that accurately mimics the mechanical properties of the microenvironment surrounding oocyte maturation. The system comprises an outer layer fabricated from either a 3D‐printed synthetic polymer (2‐vinyl‐4,6‐diamino‐1,3,5‐triazine, (VDT)) or a natural polymer (chitosan), along with an inner layer composed of alginate. By faithfully replicating the mechanical properties of native tissue within a 3D culture environment, this system significantly improves the quality and developmental capacity of oocytes, thus resulting in successful embryo development. Overall, this innovative system holds great potential for future medical research and applications in cell culture, thus representing a significant advancement in assisted reproductive technologies.
Superior Energy Storage Performance in Antiferroelectric Epitaxial Thin Films via Structural Heterogeneity and Orientation Control
Authors: Zhang Tianfu , Si Yangyang , Deng Shiqing , Wang Hailin , Wang Tao , Shao Junda , Li Yijie , Li Xudong , Chen Qianxin , Liu Chenhan , Zhong Gaokuo , Huang Yan , Wei Jun , Chen Lang , Das Sujit , Chen Zuhuang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDielectric capacitors are desired for electronics and electrical power systems because of their fast charge–discharge speed and high‐power density. Nevertheless, dielectric capacitors typically exhibit lower energy densities in comparison to other energy storage systems like batteries or fuel cells. Among dielectrics, antiferroelectrics have shown great promise for high energy density because of their characteristic double hysteresis loops. However, current antiferroelectric capacitors still face challenges of low efficiency and low breakdown strength due to their large hysteresis, which is harmful to energy efficiency and reliability of the system. Herein, by engineering the nanoscale heterogeneity to mitigate hysteresis and controlling orientation to enhance the polarization, the exceptional energy storage performance of antiferroelectric (Pb0.97La0.02)(Zr0.55Sn0.45)O3 epitaxial thin films is demonstrated. Atomic‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray reciprocal space mapping confirm the presence of nanoscale structural heterogeneity, characterized by fragmented antipolar nanodomains. These films exhibit remarkable energy densities, reaching up to ≈84.5 J cm−3, coupled with ultrahigh efficiencies of up to ≈98.5% and superior stability, maintaining efficiencies above 92% across a wide field range of ≈5 MV cm−1. Notably, these findings surpass the capabilities of previously reported dielectric materials, opening new avenues for advanced energy storage applications.
Green‐Based Modifications of Polyethylene Surfaces Enhancing Antifouling Properties in Water‐Related Systems
Authors: Vieira Ana , Rodríguez‐Lorenzo Laura , Garrido‐Maestu Alejandro , Espiña Begoña , Barreiros dos Santos Marília 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe effects of fouling in plastics, such as polyethylene (PE), can have a major economic impact due to tube clogging and other issues. Surface properties, both chemical and physical, can substantially influence biofilm formation, so developing antifouling materials through engineering these properties is very promising. In this work, two main approaches are evaluated for reducing the fouling on PE surfaces: chemical modification with green coating (polyethylene glycol (PEG) and different chitosan nanoparticles (CS NPs)) and physical modification with distinct micro‐topographies. First, the antibacterial adhesion is tested with Escherichia coli. The results reveal that CS NPs result in a considerable decrease in adhesion depending on which source of chitosan is used. PEG coating only reduced adhesion by 26%, while CS NPs with a high molecular weight (CS3) decreased adhesion by 88% in relation to non‐modified surfaces. Moreover, lozenges topographic modification (T2) has the highest effect on the bacteria adhesion within the physically‐modified PE surfaces. Finally, CS3 and T2 surfaces are tested in water samples in dynamic conditions for 27 days and results showed lower bacterial adhesion than unmodified surfaces. Overall, both strategies offer eco‐friendly and cost‐effective solutions for preventing fouling and extending the lifetime of polymeric surfaces for environmental applications.
Template‐free Formation of Hybrid Dielectric for Flexible Capacitive Sensors with Wide‐Pressure‐Range Linear Detection
Authors: Lei Ming , Ji Bing , Ding Sen , Liu Ruolin , Zhou Bingpu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWearable and flexible capacitive pressure sensors have recently attracted significant attention in the fields of healthcare monitoring and intelligent human‐machine interaction. While considerable progress is made in achieving high‐pressure resolution over a wide linearity range, practical implementation still faces significant challenges due to complex manufacturing processes, as well as limited accuracy and stability for information transmission. To address these issues, inspiration is drawn from human skin and develop a new hybrid dielectric comprising a low‐permittivity (low‐k) micro‐cilia array and a high‐permittivity (high‐k) foam. Without assistance from an elaborate fabrication methodology, the template‐free method provides a cost‐effective and convenient way to realize the functional dielectric for flexible capacitive sensors. The hybrid dielectric exhibits a pressure‐induced series‐parallel conversion mechanism, enabling effective manipulation of the linear effective dielectric constant and controlled initial/resultant capacitance. Through systematic optimization, the sensor demonstrates a high sensitivity of 0.236 kPa−1within an ultrabroad linearity range of up to 1100 kPa. Thanks to the unique characteristics of the hybrid dielectric, this device showcases potential applications in various domains including human joint motion analysis, healthcare monitoring, accurate message transmission, and convenient Morse code communication utilizing non‐overlapping capacitance signals.
Unraveling the Cooperative Activity of Hydrophilicity, Conductivity, and Interfacial Active Sites in Alginate‐CNT‐Cuo Self‐Standing Electrodes with Benchmark‐Close Activity for Alkaline Water Splitting
Authors: Sanad Mohamed Fathi , Chava Venkata S.N. , Zheng Ting , Pilla Srikanth , Joddar Binata , Sreenivasan Sreeprasad T. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDesigning electrocatalysts that excel in hydrogen and oxygen electrochemistry is crucial for sustainable hydrogen generation through electrochemical water splitting. This study presents a novel tricomponent catalyst composed of an alginate hydrogel (AL) infused with single‐walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles. The catalyst exhibits benchmark‐close bifunctional activity toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) under alkaline conditions. The aerophobic nature of the AL‐gel facilitates superior bubble release from the electrode, while the inclusion of CNTs mitigates charge transfer resistance. Moreover, heterojunctions of CuO and CNTs create unique interfacial active sites, culminating in high electrocatalytic water‐splitting activity. The structural rigidity of the composite permits its use as self‐standing electrodes (SSE) without using substrates or binders, enabling a direct evaluation of its activity. The composite electrode demonstrates exceptional electrocatalytic HER activity in an alkaline solution, with onset potentials of 93 mV and moderate OER activity with an onset of 155 mV. Moreover, a water electrolysis cell featuring the bifunctional SSE exhibits an open circuit voltage of 1.85 V at 100 mA.cm−2, and only 8% efficiency loss after 100 h marking this a significant stride in developing self‐standing nonprecious electrocatalysts with impressive catalytic performance.
Neuropeptide Y‐Mediated Gut Microbiota Alterations Aggravate Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
Authors: Chen Zhijie , Lv Mengyuan , Liang Jing , Yang Kai , Li Fan , Zhou Zhi , Qiu Minglong , Chen Haoyi , Cai Zhengwei , Cui Wenguo , Li Zhanchun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPostmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) is often accompanied by neuroendocrine changes in the hypothalamus, which closely associates with the microbial diversity, community composition, and intestinal metabolites of gut microbiota (GM). With the emerging role of GM in bone metabolism, a potential neuroendocrine signal neuropeptide Y (NPY) mediated brain‐gut‐bone axis has come to light. Herein, it is reported that exogenous overexpression of NPY reduced bone formation, damaged bone microstructure, and up‐regulated the expressions of pyroptosis‐related proteins in subchondral cancellous bone in ovariectomized (OVX) rats, but Y1 receptor antagonist (Y1Ra) reversed these changes. In addition, it is found that exogenous overexpression of NPY aggravated colonic inflammation, impaired intestinal barrier integrity, enhanced intestinal permeability, and increased serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in OVX rats, and Y1Ra also reversed these changes. Most importantly, NPY and Y1Ra modulated the microbial diversity and changed the community composition of GM in OVX rats, and thereby affecting the metabolites of GM (e.g., LPS) entering the blood circulation. Moreover, fecal microbiota transplantation further testified the effect of NPY‐mediated GM changes on bone. In vitro, LPS induced pyroptosis, reduced viability, and inhibited differentiation of osteoblasts. The study demonstrated the existence of NPY‐mediated brain‐gut‐bone axis and it might be a novel emerging target to treat PMO.