bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic accuracy of drooling, reluctance, oropharynx, others, and leukocytosis score as a predictor of mortality and complications following acute corrosive ingestion
Authors: Poonthottathil Fawaz , Suresh Soorya , Nayer Jamshed , Aggarwal Praveen 
Published: October 2023

OBJECTIVES:
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy is considered the gold standard in assessing the severity of injury to the gastrointestinal tract following corrosive ingestion. Zargar's endoscopic grading of injury helps in prognostication as well as guiding management. Since the major burden of cases lies in resource-limited settings, the availability of endoscopic evaluation is a limiting factor. Hence, it is prudent to develop bedside tools that can be used as screening tools to identify patients at high risk of mortality and complications so that timely referrals and judicious utilization of resources can be made. Literature in this regard is limited and published studies have shown that clinical features fail to predict the severity of injury. We aimed our study to find the role of Drooling, Reluctance, Oropharynx, Others, and Leukocytosis (DROOL) score as a predictor of mortality and complications following acute corrosive ingestion.

METHODS:
This was a diagnostic accuracy study conducted in the emergency department (ED) of a tertiary care hospital in North India. We screened all cases of acute corrosive ingestion presented to our ED. We collected the data on demographic profile, clinical features, investigations, endoscopy findings, treatment, and DROOL score. We followed patients for up to 12 weeks for outcomes including mortality and complications.

RESULTS:
We studied 79 patients of acute corrosive ingestion. The median age was 26 years with a female predominance. Nausea, vomiting, and pain abdomen were the common symptoms. The median DROOL score was 4. The majority of our patients had normal to Zargar grade 1 injury to the stomach and esophagus. Out of 79 patients, 27 patients developed some complications. The overall mortality up to 12 weeks was 10%. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was performed, and the area under the ROC (AUROC) curve of Zargar classification in predicting overall complications was 0.909 (96% confidence interval [CI]: 0.842–0.975) and it was 0.775 (95% CI: 0.553–1.000) in predicting mortality. The AUROC of DROOL score in predicting overall complications was 0.932 (95% CI: 0.877–0.987) and the AUROC of DROOL score in predicting mortality was 0.864 (95% CI: 0.758–0.970). The ROC analysis showed that a DROOL score ≤4 has a sensitivity of 96.2% and a specificity of 77.8% in predicting overall complications. Similarly, DROOL score ≤5 has a sensitivity of 81.7% and a specificity of 62.5% in predicting the development of mortality. Delong test showed that there was no statistically significant difference in Zargar versus DROOL score in terms of prediction of mortality and overall complications (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION:
DROOL score is comparable to Zargar score in identifying patients at high risk of mortality and complications. Hence, DROOL score can be used for risk stratification of patients presenting with corrosive ingestion.
E-HEART score
Authors: Yuvaraj V. , Nayak Sachin Sujir , Krishnan S. Vimal 
Published: October 2023

OBJECTIVE:
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. As there is an increase in the global burden of ischemic heart disease, there are multiple scoring systems established in the emergency department (ED) to risk stratify and manage acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in patients with chest pain. The objective of this study was to integrate point-of-care echo into the existing history, electrocardiogram, age, risk factors, and troponin (HEART) score and evaluate a novel scoring system, the echo HEART (E-HEART) score in risk stratification of patients presenting with undifferentiated chest pain to the ED. The E-HEART Score was also compared with existing traditional scoring systems for risk-stratifying acute chest pain.

METHODS:
A diagnostic accuracy study involving 250 patients with chest pain at the ED of a single tertiary care teaching hospital in India was conducted. The emergency physicians assessed the E-HEART score after integrating their point-of-care echo/focused echo findings into the conventional HEART score on presentation. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) within 4 weeks of initial presentation. The accuracy of the E-HEART score was compared with other conventional risk stratification scoring systems such as the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI), history, electrocardiogram, age, and risk factors, Troponin Only Manchester ACS (T-MACS), and HEART scores.

RESULTS:
A total of 250 patients with a median age of 53 years (42.25–63.00) were part of the study. Low E-HEART scores (values 0–3) were calculated in 121 patients with no occurrence of MACE in this category. Eighty-one patients with moderate E-HEART scores (4–6) were found to have 30.9% MACE. In 48 patients with high E-HEART scores (values 7–11), MACE occurred in 97.9%. The area under receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) of E-HEART score is 0.992 (95% confidence interval: 0.98–0.99), which is significantly higher than AUROC values for HEART (0.978), TIMI (0.889), T-MACS (0.959), and HEAR (0.861), respectively (P < 0.0001). At a cutoff of E-HEART score >6, it accurately predicted ACS with a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 99% with a diagnostic accuracy of 97%.

CONCLUSION:
The E-HEART score gives the clinician a quick and accurate forecast of outcomes in undifferentiated chest pain presenting to the ED. Low E-HEART scores (0–3) have an extremely low probability for short-term MACE and may aid in faster disposition from the ED. The elevated risk of MACE in patients with high E-HEART scores (7–11) may facilitate more aggressive workup measures and avoid disposition errors. E-HEART is an easily adaptable scoring system with improved accuracy compared to conventional scoring systems.
Scholarly impact of the dissertation requirement for postgraduate medical education and factors affecting transformation into publication
Authors: Özturan İbrahim Ulaş , Sarbay İbrahim 
Published: October 2023

OBJECTIVES:
In Turkey, conducting research for a dissertation is necessary to obtain a specialist degree, but publication of this research is not mandatory. Previous studies have shown a low rate of publication for dissertation-derived research. The aim of this study was to determine publication rates, factors affecting the transformation of the dissertations into high-quality publications, and bibliometric analysis of published articles in the field of emergency medicine (EM).

METHODS:
This was a retrospective bibliometric study of EM dissertations submitted between 1998 and 2021 to the National Thesis Center. Research characteristics, publication status, journal characteristics, indexing, citation analysis, and institution characteristics were recorded. Journals indexed in the web of science (WOS) were defined as high-quality journals. A logistic regression was performed to identify factors affecting publication in high-quality journals.

RESULTS:
A total of 2434 dissertations were included. Of these, 864 (35.5%) were published and 474 (54%) were published in WOS-indexed journals. The most common area of research was trauma (n = 150, 17%), and the most common journal was the American Journal of EM (n = 74, 8%). Prospective data collection (odds ratio [OR] = 2.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.8–2.5), experimental design (OR = 2, 95%, CI = 1.3–3), university-type residency program (OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.02–2.1), and duration between year of graduation and publication (OR = 0.9, 95% CI = 0.84–0.95) were associated with publishing in WOS-indexed journals.

CONCLUSION:
EM is a relatively successful specialty for publishing dissertation-derived studies. Prospective and experimental research design, graduation from a university-type residency program, and shorter duration between the graduation and publication may increase the chance of publishing in high-quality journals.
Pelaksanaan Rehabilitasi Terhadap Pecandu Narkoba di Kota Ambon
Authors: Amrin Andi , Toule Elsa Rina Maya , Adam Shirley 
Published: October 2023

Introduction: The implementation of rehabilitation for drug addicts in the city of Ambon is not yet in accordance with what is mandated by law.Purposes of the Research: This study also aims to analyze and discuss the implementation of rehabilitation for narcotics addicts in the city of Ambon in accordance with Law No. 35 of 2009 and to analyze and discuss the obstacles faced in the implementation of rehabilitation for narcotics addicts in Ambon City.Methods of the Research: The type of research used is normative juridical research using a statute approach, a conceptual approach, and a case approach. The legal materials used are primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials.Results of the Research: Although the implementation of rehabilitation is a recommendation by the Assessment Team to victims of drug abuse and drug addicts to carry out medical rehabilitation and social rehabilitation, all stages such as the stage of medical rehabilitation (Detoxification), the non-medical rehabilitation stage and the further development stage have not been carried out properly. Apart from that, the process of implementing rehabilitation for drug addicts is only carried out through outpatient treatment while inpatient treatment is never carried out so that the guarantee for narcotics addicts to receive medical rehabilitation and social rehabilitation in accordance with the mandate and objectives of drugs in the Law cannot be fulfilled properly. Obstacles in implementing rehabilitation for drug addicts in the city of Ambon include: The law or the law itself does not clearly regulate the availability of facilities (rehabilitation centers or places) and infrastructure (financial) to support the implementation of rehabilitation and there is still a lack of medical personnel and staff. - specialist staff to support the implementation of social rehabilitation and medical rehabilitation
Diversificación geográfica de las exportaciones de cacao en polvo, por medio de iniciativas comerciales destinadas a mercados internacionales
Authors: Velásquez Borja Silvia Lorena , Silva Pérez Evelyn Johana 
Published: October 2023

En los últimos cinco años el sector cacaotero ha sido fundamental para la economía del país, que a su vez genera fuentes de ingresos y empleo para las familias y los agricultores; tiene gran participación en mercados internacionales. Con base a esto se plantea como objetivo analizar la diversificación geográfica de las exportaciones de cacao en polvo, por medio de iniciativas comerciales destinadas a mercados internacionales. Esta investigación se ha creado con el fin de representar gráficamente la exportación y la importancia que tiene el cacao en la economía del Ecuador, de una manera descriptiva se ha logrado obtener información de fuentes bibliográficas como datos comerciales, participación de mercado entre otros, habiendo logrado hallar la inconveniencia de la exportación de aquel producto. Desde hace tiempo atrás la exportación y producción del cacao ha expandido la economía y el crecimiento de empleo de algunos países. Por ende, los creadores de chocolate durante años han venido exigiendo una exportación de buena calidad de cacao con excelente aroma y sabor. Ecuador ha venido siendo productor de cacao fino y con buen aroma con un 63% de representación de la producción mundial, y su sabor ha sido reconocido durante siglos atrás. A pesar de todas las condiciones anteriores, sus habitantes limitan sus capaces para la utilización adecuada de este recurso natural, por lo que aún se le considera un país en vías de desarrollo, una de las mayores debilidades del país es su baja participación en los mercados internacionales.
The Socio-Linguistic Implications of Personal Names in Mokpe
Authors: Eposi Joan Mapeh 
Published: October 2023

Purpose: Most of our Cameroonian national languages are demographically and socio-culturally pressured by the English language. The national languages which were previously used in elementary education and religious activities currently do not have any place in any official domain and thus are limited to home and other few immediate domains. Due to this unequal coexistence of the languages, many national languages are considered endangered, calling for efforts from stakeholders to prevent the death of such a precious cultural heritage. In this line of understanding, the objective of this study was to investigate the semantic aspects, naming criteria, and typology of Mopke personal names. It is a contribution to such initiatives like the Bakweri Language and Literacy committee which aims at documenting the Bakweri language in every possible area and means.
Methodology: To achieve our objective, data was collected through participant observation, in-depth interview and self-intuition to investigate personal names of the Bakweri also called the Mokpe people of the South West Region of Cameroon, considering naming as an important aspect of the society.
Findings: As regards the theoretical framework, we looked at Mopke names within the purview of linguistic anthropology considering names as not being arbitrary labels but socio-cultural tags that have socio-cultural functions and meanings. In order to analyse and discuss the patterns observed in the data, the Thematic Analysis technique used to present the typology of the names including family names, circumstantial names, theophorous names and flora and fauna names. The paper further examined the changing nature of Mokpe naming system and practice as dictated by cultural contact mainly with Christian/ western culture.
Recommendations: The study wraps up with a recommendation for further investigation on issues surrounding naming practices and strategic measures to prevent this important African cultural resource.
Solving the partial differential equations by using SEJI integral transform
Authors: Mehdi Sadiq A. , Kuffi Emad A. , Jasim Jinan A. 
Published: October 2023

The integral transformations have become very important in solving differential equations, especially those that have an applied aspect in the physical, chemical, economic and other scientific fields. In this article, the suggested transform which named by SEJI integral transform is developed for solving the partial derivatives and applied to solve several partial differential equations. This paper introduced the definition of the suggested transform with its properties that have the importance in this field. This new transform has an ability to applying in {PDEs) and finding the exact solution for these equations. Kinds of partial differential equations have solved by using this transform.
Adolescents’ Perspectives on Learning to Manage the Responsibilities of Adulthood
Authors: Munsell Elizabeth G. S. , McConnell Hayley , Coster Wendy J. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Importance: Throughout childhood, youth learn the skills they need to carry out their daily life tasks. Despite the importance of being able to manage these tasks to succeed in adulthood, limited research has examined the process through which youth learn to do so.
Objective: To investigate adolescents’ perspectives of parental approaches that help them learn to manage daily responsibilities.
Design: Qualitative pilot study.
Setting: Community.
Participants: Eight adolescents with and without disabilities.
Results: Semistructured interviews with adolescents were analyzed using recursive, conventional content analysis. Interviews asked about how adolescents viewed the process of developing the skills needed to manage daily responsibilities independently. Parent approaches identified by the adolescents fit into three overarching themes: Parents teach them how to carry out and manage responsibilities, monitor them as they become more responsible for tasks, and provide varied levels of independence. The approaches described by the adolescents explain an implicit and transactional process of shifting responsibility for daily life tasks from parents to youth.
Conclusions and Relevance: Further investigation of the transfer of responsibility for daily life tasks is necessary to build our understanding of this complex process and support successful transition to adulthood.
What This Article Adds: Adolescents described several approaches parents used to help them to learn to manage tasks, which may provide direction for occupational therapy clinicians working with youth who are transitioning to adulthood.
Analisis Penanggulangan Kemiskinan Ekstrem di Kota Medan
Authors: Harahap Musafran 
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kemiskinan di wilayah kota Medan dan bagaimana intervensi dan solusi pemerintah dalam penanganannya. Penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan metode literatur melalui studi literatur dari jurnal-jurnal dan aplikasi web sepakat Bappenas. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh dari berbagai survey seperti Bappenas, BPS, Resosek dan P2KE. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa Kota Medan selalu berupaya untuk mengatasi permasalahan kemiskinan secara maksimal; Faktanya, kemiskinan masih menjadi masalah yang parah. Penanggulangan kemiskinan memerlukan keterpaduan berbagai kebijakan dan program pembangunan di berbagai sektor. Cara terbaik untuk memerangi kemiskinan adalah dengan Menyusun Rencana penanggulangan kemiskinan Daerah (RPKD) serta melakukan intervensi sesuai core problemnya, serta mendorong kebijakan yang memperkuat pesan dan posisi ekonomi. Faktor pendorong kemiskinan di Kota Medan adalah pembangunan yang tidak merata.
PREVALENCE OF METABOLIC RISK FACTORS IN NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE
Authors: Ashraf Nadeem , Sarfraz Tariq , Mumtaz Zahid , Rizwan Muhammad 
Published: October 2023

Objective: To determine the frequency of factors leading to metabolic syndrome among non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients at a tertiary care hospital.Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional study.Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medicine, Combined Military Hospital, Kharian. Study was carried out over a period of six months from Jan 2015 to Jun 2015.Material and Methods: A total of 110 patients were included in this study. Past history was taken to rule out alcohol intake, viral and drug induced etiology, to determine the presence of co-morbidities like obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia. Physical examination was carried to determine the arterial blood pressure and to determine anthropometric data that is weight, height, body mass index (BMI) and abdominal obesity by measuring waist circumference.Results: Mean age of the patients was 49.95 ± 8.86 years. There were 72 male patients (65.5%) while 38 (34.5%) patients were female. Different metabolic factors were central obesity in 82 patients (74.5%), raised high density lipoprotein (HDL) in 19 patients (17.3%), raised cholesterol in 87 patients (79.1%), raised blood pressure in 65 patients (59.1%) and raised fasting plasma glucose in 82 patients (74.5%). Mean BMI was 26.31 kg/m2 ± 2.68, mean waist circumference was 109.82 cm ± 18.41, mean cholesterol was 237.50 ± 48.47mg/dl, mean systolic blood pressure was 148.88mmHg ± 22.10, mean diastolic blood pressure was 90.41mmHg ± 12.25 and mean fasting plasma glucose was 113.28mg/dl ± 22.80. Stratification with regard to age was carried out.Conclusion: A considerable number of patients with NAFLD had metabolic syndrome. There was a close correlation between NAFLD and metabolic syndrome.
EFFECT OF AUTOLOGOUS PLATELET-RICH PLASMA ON ARRANGEMENT OF COLLAGEN FIBERS AT INJURED ACHILLES TENDON ENTHESES IN RABBITS
Authors: Faisal Tayyaba , Qamar Khadija , Asjid Rafia , Umbreen Faiza , Sohail Saima , Bashir Sumyyia 
Published: October 2023

Objective: To evaluate the effects of autologous platelet-rich plasma on arrangement of collagen fibers at injured Achilles tendon entheses in rabbits.
Study Design: Laboratory-based experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anatomy, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, in collaboration with National Institute of Health, Islamabad, from March to May, 2018.
Material and Methods: Forty, healthy, male, “New Zealand white rabbits”, 4-6 months of age, weighing 2000- 2500g, were randomly divided into 4 equal groups (A, B, C and D). Group A served as control, while B, C and D were experimental groups. Injuries were surgically induced at Achilles tendon entheses of rabbits of experimental groups, which were treated with injections of autologous platelet-rich plasma, either at the time of inducing injury or two weeks after injury in groups C and D respectively while group B was left untreated. Animals were sacrificed after 12 weeks. Tissues were processed and stained for histological evaluation. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 22. A p-value of ≤0.05 was taken as significant.
Results: Experimental group B showed marked deterioration in Bonar’s modified score for arrangement of collagen fibers as compared to the control group A. The scores were significantly improved in treatment groups C and D as compared to group B.
Conclusions: Injection of autologous platelet-rich plasma effectively improved the Bonar modified score for arrangement of collagen fibers at injured entheses, 12 weeks after injury as compared to non-treatment group.
Methane emissions due to reservoir flushing: a significant emission pathway?
Authors: Lessmann Ole , Encinas Fernández Jorge , Martínez-Cruz Karla , Peeters Frank 
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Reservoirs represent a globally significant source of the
greenhouse gas methane (CH4), which is emitted via different emission
pathways. In some reservoirs, reservoir flushing is employed as a sediment
management strategy to counteract growing sediment deposits that threaten
reservoir capacity. Reservoir flushing utilizes the eroding force of water
currents during water level drawdown to mobilize and transport sediment
deposits through the dam outlet into the downstream river. During this
process, CH4 that is stored in the sediment can be released into the
water and degas to the atmosphere, resulting in CH4 emissions. Here, we
assess the significance of this CH4 emission pathway and compare it to
other CH4 emission pathways from reservoirs. We measured seasonal and
spatial CH4 concentrations in the sediment of Schwarzenbach Reservoir,
providing one of the largest datasets on CH4 pore water concentrations
in freshwater systems. Based on this dataset we determined CH4 fluxes
from the sediment and estimated potential CH4 emissions due to
reservoir flushing. CH4 emissions due to one flushing operation can
constitute 7 %–14 % of the typical annual CH4 emissions from
Schwarzenbach Reservoir, whereby the amount of released CH4 depends on
the seasonal timing of the flushing operation and can differ by a factor of 2. Larger flushing events that mobilize deeper sediment layers lead to
non-linear increases in CH4 mobilization. This suggests that regular
flushing of smaller sediment layers releases less CH4 than removal of
the same sediment volume in fewer flushing events of thicker sediment
layers. However, additional indirect CH4 emissions pathways
contributing to the total CH4 emissions may vary with the flushing
operation. In other reservoirs with higher sediment loadings than
Schwarzenbach Reservoir, reservoir flushing could cause substantial CH4
emissions, especially when flushing operations are conducted frequently. Our
study recognizes CH4 emissions due to reservoir flushing as an
important pathway, identifies potential management strategies to mitigate
these CH4 emissions and emphasizes the need for further research.