bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linking positive psychology with reciprocal action learning
Authors: Lyons Paul 
Published: October 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this paper, intended primarily for practitioners, is to demonstrate how features of psychological capital (PsyCap) may be combined with manager efforts to collaborate with an employee on an action learning project. In reciprocal action learning, manager and employee create a partnership to learn, achieve work-focused goals and advance their relationship. Initiatives aimed at positively stimulating employee assets and psychological or behavioral attributes can overlay the action learning process.

Design/methodology/approach
A narrative synthesis was used to examine three sources of empirical research from organizational psychology and human resource management: reciprocity, action learning and PsyCap. Information was integrated to create a guide, a model for managers for use in considering options about how to structure employee and self-learning, as well as options for use in stimulating employee assets and PsyCap.

Findings
The approach presented may serve as a practical guide for manager consideration. Research identifies several types of behaviors and activities intended to positively stimulate and reinforce the learning of both participants. The literature on PsyCap offers many initiatives for a manager to consider in assisting an employee to develop talent and positive attitudes. Such efforts have to be carefully tailored to the individual employee, the tasks at hand and the manager’s own learning needs.

Originality/value
The value of action learning is supported by a relatively large research base. The significance of PsyCap also has substantial support. Innovatively, this paper offers guidance to a manager in consideration of combining the attributes of both concepts to maximize positive effects on learning, personal growth, skill development and work achievement.
Practitioner warmth and empathy attenuates the nocebo effect and enhances the placebo effect
Authors: Barnes Kirsten , Wang Rachelle , Faasse Kate 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAugmented patient–practitioner interactions that enhance therapeutic alliance can increase the placebo effect to sham treatment. Little is known, however, about the effect of these interactions on maladaptive health outcomes (i.e., the nocebo effect). Healthy participants (N = 84) were randomised to a 3‐day course of Oxytocin nasal drops (actually, sham treatment) in conjunction with a high‐warmth interaction (Oxy‐HW: N = 28), a low‐warmth interaction (Oxy‐LW: N = 28) or to a no treatment control group (NT: N = 28). All participants were informed that the Oxytocin treatment could increase psychological well‐being but was associated with several potential side effects. Treatment‐related side effects, unwarned symptoms, and psychological well‐being were measured at baseline and all post‐treatment days. Side effect reporting was increased in the Oxy‐LW condition compared to the other groups across all days. Conversely, increased psychological well‐being was observed in the Oxy‐HW condition, relative to the other conditions, but only on Day 1. Among those receiving treatment, positive and negative expectations, and treatment‐related worry, did not vary by interaction‐style, while psychological well‐being and side effect reporting were inversely associated at the level of the individual. Results have important implications for practice, suggesting poorer quality interactions may not only reduce beneficial health outcomes but also exacerbate those that are maladaptive.
Evaluation of the reproducibility of responses to nasal allergen challenge and effects of inhaled nasal corticosteroids
Authors: Bauer Rebecca N. , Xie Yanqing , Beaudin Suzanne , Wiltshire Lesley , Wattie Jennifer , Muñoz Caroline , Alsaji Nadia , Oliveria John Paul , Ju Xiaotian , MacLean Jonathan , Sommer Doron D. , Keith Paul K. , Satia Imran , Cusack Ruth P. , O'Byrne Paul M. , Sperinde Gizette , Hokom Martha , Li Olga , Banerjee Prajna , Chen Chen , Staton Tracy , Sehmi Roma , Gauvreau Gail M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundSimilar immune responses in the nasal and bronchial mucosa implies that nasal allergen challenge (NAC) is a suitable early phase experimental model for drug development targeting allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma. We assessed NAC reproducibility and the effects of intranasal corticosteroids (INCS) on symptoms, physiology, and inflammatory mediators.Methods20 participants with mild atopic asthma and AR underwent three single blinded nasal challenges each separated by three weeks (NCT03431961). Cohort A (n = 10) underwent a control saline challenge, followed by two allergen challenges. Cohort B (n = 10) underwent a NAC with no treatment intervention, followed by NAC with 14 days pre‐treatment with saline nasal spray (placebo), then NAC with 14 days pre‐treatment with INCS (220 μg triamcinolone acetonide twice daily). Nasosorption, nasal lavage, blood samples, forced expiratory volume 1 (FEV1), total nasal symptom score (TNSS), peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) were collected up to 24 h after NAC. Total and active tryptase were measured as early‐phase allergy biomarkers (≤30 min) and IL‐13 and eosinophil cell counts as late‐phase allergy biomarkers (3–7 h) in serum and nasal samples. Period‐period reproducibility was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and sample size estimates were performed using effect sizes measured after INCS.ResultsNAC significantly induced acute increases in nasosorption tryptase and TNSS and reduced PNIF, and induced late increases in nasosorption IL‐13 with sustained reductions in PNIF. Reproducibility across NACs varied for symptoms and biomarkers, with total tryptase 5 min post NAC having the highest reproducibility (ICC = 0.91). Treatment with INCS inhibited NAC‐induced IL‐13 while blunting changes in TNSS and PNIF. For a similar crossover study, 7 participants per treatment arm are needed to detect treatment effects comparable to INCS for TNSS.ConclusionNAC‐induced biomarkers and symptoms are reproducible and responsive to INCS. NAC is suitable for assessing pharmacodynamic activity and proof of mechanism for drugs targeting allergic inflammation.
What can functional brain imaging teach us about remission of type 2 diabetes?
Authors: Hirani Dhruti , Alabdulkader Shahd , Miras Alexander. D. , Salem Victoria 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimsWith a paradigm shift in attitudes towards type 2 diabetes (T2D), ‘weight loss responsive’ diabetes is now thought of as a curable disease state. As a result, national programmes are being orchestrated to induce T2D remission soon after diagnosis with aggressive dietary interventions—such as very low‐calorie diets (VLCD). However, dietary interventions to achieve weight loss and diabetes remission lack the same long‐term sustainability and cardiovascular risk reduction evidence as bariatric surgery. This review aims to explore how brain imaging has contributed to our understanding of human eating behaviours and how neural correlates are affected by T2D.MethodsWe summarise functional MRI (fMRI) studies looking at human eating behaviour and obesity. We explore how these neural correlates are affected by insulin resistance and T2D itself as well as its different treatment approaches. Finally, we comment on the need for more personalised approaches to maintaining metabolic health and how fMRI studies may inform this.ConclusionfMRI studies have helped to fashion our understanding of the neurobiology of human appetite and obesity. Improving our understanding of the neural implications of T2D that promote disadvantageous eating behaviours will enable prevention of disease as well as mitigation against a vicious cycle of metabolic dysfunction and associated cognitive complications.
Austere futures: From hardship to hope?
Authors: MacLeavy Julie 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper reflects on the enduring significance of austerity and its multifaceted influence on society. It emphasises the stark contrast between the promise of future prosperity, used to justify spending cuts and tax increases in the aftermath of the 2008 crash and recession, and the long‐lasting ramifications of these measures in terms of increasing poverty and growing inequality. Drawing from studies in this Themed Section of The Geographical Journal, as well as my own research on the impact of austerity on care workers, the paper elucidates how fiscal consolidation has further dismantled social safety nets and reduced the accessibility of institutions and places that have traditionally nurtured and supported emotional and physical wellbeing. This negatively affects individuals' quality of life, as well as their opportunities for growth and fulfilment. It also risks the prospects of future generations as the institutional and personal legacies of austerity intertwine with ongoing policy developments. Against this backdrop, there are, however, efforts to envision and enact alternative futures. Glimpses of hope are found in collective action and imaginative practices that challenge exclusionary systems, thereby helping to reconfigure the landscape of post‐welfare states. These glimpses of an alternative future, rooted in compassion and solidarity, foster a nuanced understanding of futurity and ignite prefigurative politics. The paper therefore discusses contrasting visions of austerity's future, building from alternative ways of organising lives and nurturing transformative imaginaries in the aftermath of austerity.
Rethinking gender diversity: Transgender and gender nonconforming people and gender as constellation
Authors: Suhomlinova Olga , O’Shea Saoirse Caitlin , Boncori Ilaria 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this article, we challenge the mainstream view of gender rooted in binary cisnormativity and suggest that the gender frameworks used to inform organizational research and practice are inadequate with respect to the range of transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) identities. We employ Hacking's “dynamic nominalism” to illustrate how evolving classifications of TGNC people operate as a discriminating factor that threatens their lived experiences. As an alternative to the binary cisnormative metaphor of gender as a spectrum, we adopt a more inclusive metaphor of a gender constellation and sketch out its potential conceptualization that promotes multidimensional, non‐hierarchical, and dynamic approaches to gender diversity.
Outside looking in: Gendered roles and the wellbeing of working student mothers studying for a part‐time PhD
Authors: Cronshaw Sue , Stokes Peter , McCulloch Alistair 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article contributes to the growing evidence based on well‐being in doctoral study. It draws on 35 qualitative, in‐depth interviews to explore how the well‐being of an understudied group—working doctoral student mothers—is affected when undertaking part‐time PhDs. While there is a growing literature on the research student experience and an increased awareness of mental health issues in doctoral study, there has been little exploration of the experiences of part‐time PhD students. Moreover, this is particularly true of mothers undertaking doctorates on a part‐time basis. The experiences of this sub‐group of research students constitute the gap to which this paper responds. It explores the consequences of having to straddle a number of competing domains and examines how the gender role conflict, marginalisation and lack of support experienced by doctoral student mothers impact their psychological, physical and social well‐being. The article concludes with a number of recommendations that institutions may wish to consider.
Pathology caused by introduced Neoergasilus japonicus (Copepoda: Ergasilidae) to the skin of indigenous Tilapia sparrmanii in South Africa and scanning electron microscopy study of wound‐inflicting structures
Authors: Avenant‐Oldewage Annemariè , Nagasawa Kazuya , Dos Santos Quinton M. , Oldewage Willie H. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNeoergasilus japonicus, a fish ectoparasite indigenous to eastern and southern Asia, has been introduced to various regions, including Europe and North and South America, where it spreads at an alarming rate. The parasite is not host‐specific. It was also collected from the Vaal‐Orange and Limpopo river systems in South Africa. This report describes the morphology of the wound‐inflecting structures in N. japonicus and relates their morphology to the pathological effect on Tilapia sparrmanii. Host tissue with parasites attached was imbedded in resin for histological sectioning and stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Additional specimens were prepared for scanning electron microscopy. Adult female parasites attach by inserting the hooked tips of the antennae into the epidermis. The maxillulae are minute but have sharp tips. The maxillae have sharp tips on the endopod and brush‐like setae on the exopod. The mandibles are armed with sharp tips. These structures are used to remove the epidermis of the host and brush it into the buccal cavity. Host tissue in the intestine confirms that adult females consume host tissue leaving the dermis exposed to opportunistic diseases. The microscopic size of the parasite prevents casual observation, and its occurrence in Africa is, therefore, probably underreported.
Nutrition intervention goals from the perspectives of patients at risk of malnutrition: A qualitative study
Authors: Al‐Adili Lina , Nordgren Lena , Orrevall Ylva , McGreevy Jenny , Lövestam Elin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundNutrition counselling is characterised by a collaborative approach where the patient and the dietitian establish goals that promote health and self‐management. Little is known about goal‐setting in nutrition interventions of patients at risk of malnutrition. The present study aims to describe the perspectives and needs of patients at risk of malnutrition regarding goals of nutrition interventions.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with 15 patients from three primary care centres and one hospital in mid‐Sweden selected through purposive sampling. Interview transcripts were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis following the six‐phase guidelines of Braun and Clarke to identify patterns of shared meaning and themes in the data.ResultsThe findings highlight that the participants rarely reflected on their personal goals of the nutrition intervention. Instead, they strived to maintain strength and energy, with the nutrition counselling being seen as supportive in managing nutrition impact symptoms. They described discrepancies between their perspectives and the dietitian's regarding weight goals and the diet prescribed to gain weight.ConclusionsThe study findings suggest that elucidating patients’ goals is key to counteracting the discrepancies between the dietitians’ clinically oriented goals and patients’ perspectives. Goal‐setting is part of the dietitian's structured working process, whereas the patient's lifeworld is complex and unstructured. To provide person‐centred nutrition care, new strategies and tools are needed to facilitate collaborative goal‐setting. These approaches will bridge the gap between clinical goals and patients’ individual needs, promoting better alignment and improved outcomes.
The Fuzzy planar cell polarity protein (FUZ), necessary for primary cilium formation, is essential for pituitary development
Authors: Lodge Emily J. , Barrell William B. , Liu Karen J. , Andoniadou Cynthia L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe primary cilium is an essential organelle that is important for normal cell signalling during development and homeostasis but its role in pituitary development has not been reported. The primary cilium facilitates signal transduction for multiple pathways, the best‐characterised being the SHH pathway, which is known to be necessary for correct pituitary gland development. FUZ is a planar cell polarity (PCP) effector that is essential for normal ciliogenesis, where the primary cilia of Fuz−/−mutants are shorter or non‐functional. FUZ is part of a group of proteins required for recruiting retrograde intraflagellar transport proteins to the base of the organelle. Previous work has reported ciliopathy phenotypes in Fuz−/− homozygous null mouse mutants, including neural tube defects, craniofacial abnormalities, and polydactyly, alongside PCP defects including kinked/curly tails and heart defects. Interestingly, the pituitary gland was reported to be missing in Fuz−/− mutants at 14.5 dpc but the mechanisms underlying this phenotype were not investigated. Here, we have analysed the pituitary development of Fuz−/− mutants. Histological analyses reveal that Rathke's pouch (RP) is initially induced normally but is not specified and fails to express LHX3, resulting in hypoplasia and apoptosis. Characterisation of SHH signalling reveals reduced pathway activation in Fuz−/− mutant relative to control embryos, leading to deficient specification of anterior pituitary fate. Analyses of the key developmental signals FGF8 and BMP4, which are influenced by SHH, reveal abnormal patterning in the ventral diencephalon, contributing further to abnormal RP development. Taken together, our analyses suggest that primary cilia are required for normal pituitary specification through SHH signalling.
Melatonin alters the excitability of mouse cerebellar granule neurons by inhibiting voltage‐gated sodium, potassium, and calcium channels
Authors: Pissas Karolos‐Philippos , Schilling Maria , Korkmaz Ahmet , Tian Yuemin , Gründer Stefan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBesides its role in the circadian rhythm, the pineal gland hormone melatonin (MLT) also possesses antiepileptogenic, antineoplastic, and cardioprotective properties, among others. The dosages necessary to elicit beneficial effects in these diseases often far surpass physiological concentrations. Although even high doses of MLT are considered to be largely harmless to humans, the possible side effects of pharmacological concentrations are so far not well investigated. In the present study, we report that pharmacological doses of MLT (3 mM) strongly altered the electrophysiological characteristics of cultured primary mouse cerebellar granule cells (CGCs). Using whole‐cell patch clamp and ratiometric Ca2+ imaging, we observed that pharmacological concentrations of MLT inhibited several types of voltage‐gated Na+, K+, and Ca2+ channels in CGCs independently of known MLT‐receptors, altering the character and pattern of elicited action potentials (APs) significantly, quickly and reversibly. Specifically, MLT reduced AP frequency, afterhyperpolarization, and rheobase, whereas AP amplitude and threshold potential remained unchanged. The altered biophysical profile of the cells could constitute a possible mechanism underlying the proposed beneficial effects of MLT in brain‐related disorders, such as epilepsy. On the other hand, it suggests potential adverse effects of pharmacological MLT concentrations on neurons, which should be considered when using MLT as a pharmacological compound.
The holocentric chromosome microevolution: From phylogeographic patterns to genomic associations with environmental gradients
Authors: Márquez‐Corro José Ignacio , Martín‐Bravo Santiago , Blanco‐Pastor José Luis , Luceño Modesto , Escudero Marcial 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGeographic isolation and chromosome evolution are two of the major drivers of diversification in eukaryotes in general, and specifically, in plants. On one hand, range shifts induced by Pleistocene glacial oscillations deeply shaped the evolutionary trajectories of species in the Northern Hemisphere. On the other hand, karyotype variability within species or species complexes may have adaptive potential as different karyotypes may represent different recombination rates and linkage groups that may be associated with locally adapted genes or supergenes. Organisms with holocentric chromosomes are ideal to study the link between local adaptation and chromosome evolution, due to their high cytogenetic variability, especially when it seems to be related to environmental variation. Here, we integrate the study of the phylogeography, chromosomal evolution and ecological requirements of a plant species complex distributed in the Western Euro‐Mediterranean region (Carex gr. laevigata, Cyperaceae). We aim to clarify the relative influence of these factors on population differentiation and ultimately on speciation. We obtained a well‐resolved RADseq phylogeny that sheds light on the phylogeographic patterns of molecular and chromosome number variation, which are compatible with south‐to‐north postglacial migration. In addition, landscape genomics analyses identified candidate loci for local adaptation, and also strong significant associations between the karyotype and the environment. We conclude that karyotype distribution in C. gr. laevigata has been constrained by both range shift dynamics and local adaptation. Our study demonstrates that chromosome evolution may be responsible, at least partially, for microevolutionary patterns of population differentiation and adaptation in Carex.
Severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with reduced oral health conditions
Authors: Ciardo Antonio , Simon Marlinde M. , Eberhardt Ralf , Brock Judith Maria , Ritz Alexander , Kim Ti‐Sun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the association of explicitly severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with oral conditions considering in‐depth shared risk factors.MethodsA case–control study was conducted with 104 participants, 52 with severe COPD and 52 matched controls without COPD. Dental and periodontal status were clinically assessed and oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) by OHIP‐G14‐questionnaire.ResultsBetween COPD‐ and control‐group, there were no statistically significant differences regarding age (66.02 ± 7.30), sex (female: 52 [50%]), smoking history (44.69 ± 23.23 pack years) and number of systemic diseases (2.60 ± 1.38). COPD patients demonstrated significantly fewer remaining teeth (12.58 ± 9.67 vs. 18.85 ± 6.24, p < 0.001) besides higher DMFT (decayed, missing and filled teeth) index (21.12 ± 5.83 vs. 19.10 ± 3.91, p = 0.036). They had significantly greater probing pocket depths (PPD: 3.24 mm ± 0.71 mm vs. 2.7 mm ± 0.37 mm, p < 0.001) and bleeding on probing (BOP: 34.52% ± 22.03% vs. 22.85% ± 17.94%, p = 0.003) compared to controls, but showed no significant difference in clinical attachment level or staging of periodontitis. The OHIP‐G14 sum score was significantly higher in COPD patients (7.40 ± 7.28 vs. 3.63 ± 4.85, p = 0.002). Common risk factors such as educational status, physical activity, dentist visit frequency, oral hygiene regimens and dietary habits were less favourable in patients with COPD.ConclusionsCOPD was significantly associated with higher tooth loss, PPD, BOP and DMFT besides lower OHRQoL.