bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GEOMETRODYNAMIC STEERING PRINCIPLE REVEALS THE DETERMINERS OF INERTIA
Authors: WHEELER JOHN ARCHIBALD 
Published: November 2004

What shall we need to grasp the essence of quantum gravity? One requirement, at least, is essential: to understand the steering principle of classical geometrodynamics. We outline here the physical content of that steering principle—heart of the so-called initial value problem—in its J.W. York, Jr. formulation. The central idea epitomizes itself in a single simple sentence: Mass-energy there determines inertia here. We spell out this steering principle both in its precise form and in its poor man’s version. At both levels of analysis considerations of physics and mathematics alike require that the effective mass-energy of gravity waves must make itself felt on the space-time geometry—and therefore on the gyro-defined local inertial frame of reference—on the same level as matter itself. Additional to the (mass)/(distance) Newtonian potential so familiar as measure of the effect of a nearby mass on the local frame is the Thirring and Lense gravitomagnetic potential, proportional to (angular momentum)×(distance vector)/(distance)3. The recent proposal of Ciufolini for a dual laser-ranged LAGEOS satellite to detect the thus-predicted gravitomagnetism of the earth is briefly described.
YANG-BAXTER ALGEBRAS, INTEGRABLE THEORIES AND QUANTUM GROUPS
Authors: De VEGA H.J. 
Published: November 2004

The Yang-Baxter-Zamolodchikov-Faddeev (YBZF) algebras and their many applications are the subject of this reivew. I start by the solvable lattice statistical models constructed from YBZF algebras. All two-dimensional integrable vertex models follow in this way and are solvable via Bethe Ansatz (BA) and their generalizations. The six-vertex model solution and its q(2q−1) vertex generalization including its nested BA construction are exposed. YBZF algebras and their associated physical models are classified in terms of simple Lie algebras. It is shown how these lattice models yield both solvable massive quantum field theories (QFT) and conformal models in appropriated scaling (continuous) limits within the lattice light-cone approach. The method of finite-size calculations from the BA is described as well as its applications to derive the conformal properties of integrable lattice models. It is conjectured that all integrable QFT and conformal models follow in a scaling limit from these YBZF algebras. A discussion on braid and quantum groups concludes this review.
FOCK EXPANSION FOR QED BOUND STATES
Authors: HOYER PAUL 
Published: November 2004

Using the path integral formulation of QED in the Schrödinger picture, we explicitly show the completeness of photon and electron states at equal (discrete) time. We then formulate an approximation of the bound state wave function, based on its maximal Fock state content, by restricting the intermediate states at all times in the bound state propagator. The approximation becomes (formally) exact as the restriction on the intermediate states is lifted. Hence the Fock expansion provides an alternative to bound state calculations based on the Bethe-Salpeter equation. As an example, we study the bound states formed by a fermion f is an external potential, and by a fermion-antifermion pair [Formula: see text]. At the valence level of the Fock expansion, where the wave function is at all times restricted to f (or [Formula: see text]), we show that only instantaneous Coulomb exchange occurs between the fermions. The resulting bound state equation is similar to the Salpeter equation, but has only positive energy projectors.
EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE OF ITINERANT Cu 3d9 - OXYGEN HOLE MANY BODY CONFIGURATION IN THE HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTOR YBa2Cu3O~7
Authors: Bianconi A. , Clozza A. , Castellano A. Congiu , Longa S. Della , Santis M. De , Cicco A. Di , Garg K. , Delogu P. , Gargano A. , Giorgi R. , Lagarde P. , Flank A.M. , Marcelli A. 
Published: November 2004

Cu L3 x-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and Cu L 3 x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of YBa2Cu3O6.5+x are compared. The breakdown of one-electron picture of its electronic structure is reported. The data are interpreted by mixing of Cu 3d9 and of [Formula: see text] (where [Formula: see text] is a hole in the oxygen derived band, ligand hole) many body configuration in the initial state. The localization of Cu 3d9 configuration is indicated by the bare Coulomb interaction Udd~6 eV . The conductivity is assigned to the itinerant [Formula: see text] configuration. The experimental evidence that the additional oxygen x, giving higher Tc , increases the weight of the [Formula: see text] configuration is reported. The presence of holes on the oxygen atoms is confirmed by the Ols XPS spectra. The Cu3+(Cu 3d8) configuration is not observed in L3 XANES in agreement with valence band XPS giving the energy of the 3d8 excited state at about 12 eV above the ground state. An energy scheme of the many body configurations in YBa2Cu3O~7 is obtained. These experiments give experimental evidence that the high Tc superconductivity is due to pairing of holes in the oxygen valence band interacting with localized electrons at the Cu sites.
Superfluidity of the Lattice Anyon Gas
Authors: Fradkin Eduardo 
Published: November 2004

I consider a gas of “free” anyons with statistical paremeter δ on a two dimensional lattice. Using a recently derived Jordan-Wigner transformation, I map this problem onto a gas of fermions on a lattice coupled to a Chern-Simons gauge theory with coupling [Formula: see text]. I show that if [Formula: see text] and the density [Formula: see text], with r and q integers, the system is a superfluid. If q is even and the system is half filled the state may be either a superfluid or a Quantum Hall System depending on the dynamics. Similar conclusions apply for other values of ρ and δ. The dynamical stability of the Fetter-Hanna-Laughlin goldstone mode is insured by the topological invariance of the quantized Hall conductance of the fermion problem. This leads to the conclusion that anyon gases are generally superfluids or quantum Hall systems.
DESCRIPTION OF THE Tl, Pb and Bi CUPRATE HIGH-Tc SUPERCONDUCTORS AS INTERCALATION COMPOUNDS
Authors: MARKIEWICZ R.S. , GIESSEN B.C. 
Published: November 2004

Treating the new superconducting oxides as intercalation compounds, especially, as analogues to graphite intercalation compounds (GIC), clarifies the understanding of a number of their properties; in this description, the ratio of the number of cuprate layers per intercalant unit is equivalent to the stage number in GIC’s. In particular, the role of charge transfer (presumably, electron transfer from oxygen in the [Formula: see text] sheets to an acceptor site located in the intercalant) in optimizing Tc can be well discussed in these terms, leading to the prediction that the curve of Tc versus n, the number of [Formula: see text] layers, must have a maximum at a specific value of n.
A PROLOG-BASED CHINESE EXPERT SYSTEM
Authors: SOO HSU LOKE 
Published: November 2004

This paper presents the design and implementation of a Chinese Expert System Shell which is based on a Chinese Prolog interpreter. The system is divided into three parts: the knowledge acquisition module, the knowledge application module and the inference engine. The knowledge engineer defines the syntax of the language to be used by himself and by the users when they interact with the system. The natural language interface is table driven and can be modified easily. The system also caters for the case when the domain expert finds it difficult to articulate the rules, but is able to give examples. An inductive engine is included to extract rules from examples.
A WORD-BASED CHINESE LANGUAGE UNDERSTANDING SYSTEM
Authors: YAO TIAN-SHUN 
Published: November 2004

With the word-based theory of natural language processing, a word-based Chinese language understanding system has been developed. In the light of psychological language analysis and the features of the Chinese language, this theory of natural language processing is presented with the description of the computer programs based on it. The heart of the system is to define a Total Information Dictionary and the World Knowledge Source used in the system. The purpose of this research is to develop a system which can understand not only Chinese sentences but also the whole text.
EFFECTIVE ACTION IN MULTI-DIMENSIONAL SUPERGRAVITIES AND INDUCED EINSTEIN GRAVITY
Authors: BUCHBINDER I.L. , ODINTSOV S.D. 
Published: November 2004

In the present paper a general expression of quantum effective action for arbitrary d-dimensional supergravity on the background Rn×Td−n′ where Rn is n-dimensional curved space-time, Td is d-dimensional torus, is obtained as an expansion on the curvature and its derivatives. The mechanism of inducing Einstein gravity with zero Λ term is proposed. It is shown that the 4-dimensional gravity with the true sign of the Newton constant is induced from d=5 supergravity when antiperiodic boundary conditions are chosen for all fields of supermultiplet. The one-loop effective action is obtained for d=4, 5, 7, 10 supergravities with the accuracy of linear curvature terms. The one-loop Vilcovisky-De Witt effective action is also obtained for d=5 SG’s with the accuracy of linear curvature terms.
THE NEUTRON ELECTRIC DIPOLE MOMENT
Authors: HE XIAO-GANG , McKELLAR BRUCE H. J. , PAKVASA SANDIP 
Published: November 2004

We have made a systematic study of the electric dipole moment (EDM) of neutron Dn in various models of CP violation. We find that (i) in the standard KM model with 3 families, the neutron EDM is in the range 1.4 × 10−33 ≤ |Dn| ≤ 1.6 × 10−31 e.cm , (ii) the two Higgs doublet model has approximately the same value of Dn as the standard model, (iii) Dn in the Weinberg model is predicted to satisfy |Dn| > 10−25 e.cm , (iv) in a class of left-right symmetric models Dn is of the order of 10−26±1 e.cm , (v) in supersymmetric models, Dn is of order 10−22ϕ e.cm with ϕ being the possible phase difference of gluino mass and the gluino-quark-squark mixing matrix, (vi)the strong CP parameter θ is found to be θ < 10−9, using the present experimental limit that |Dn| < 2.6 × 10−25 e.cm with 90% confidence.
ORDERING AND DIFFUSION OF OXYGEN AT LOW TEMPERATURE IN Y-Ba-Cu-O BY MEASUREMENTS OF ELASTIC ENERGY DISSIPATION AND MODULUS
Authors: Cannelli G. , Cantelli R. , Cordero F. 
Published: November 2004

The anelastic relaxation spectrum between 300 and 50 K has been investigated in YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−x in the super- and semiconducting state. In the superconductor a phase transformation has been detected at T t ≃ 240 K . The 2nd phase forming on cooling, likely has the same orthorombic symmetry (with higher distorsion) of that of the lattice and consists of a different oxygen vacancy ordering in the chains of the basal planes. The necessity of a phase diagram where the two orthorombic phases coexist in an extended region down to low temperature is pointed out. The 2nd phase is considered to contribute to the observed softening and hysteresis of frequency (elastic constants). The raise of elastic energy dissipation around T t with thermal cycling, which is not completely recoverable by the room temperature ageing, indicates the occurrence of progressive lattice damaging with cycling number, and is attributed to the non-elastic accommodation of the 2nd-phase misfitting domains. These lattice defects are identified with the additional twins, which have been reported to form and dissolve on cycling below 240 K. Other reproducible features observed in the superconducting state are dissipation maxima at 160 and 110 K, just above the critical temperature and a drastic decrease in dissipation below T c . When oxygen has been removed from the basal planes (6.2 ± 0.10 atoms per formula unit) all processes illustrated above practically disappear and a new intense thermally activated relaxation process manifests itself around 70 K (in the kHz range), attributed to the stress-induced hopping of oxygen in the basal planes. The derived diffusion coefficient is extremely high: D(T) = 4 × 104 exp (− 0.10 eV/kT ).
ELECTRICAL TRANSPORT MEASUREMENTS IN LOW MOBILITY TWO-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON GASES: EFFECT OF THERMOELECTRIC POWER
Authors: CIMBERLE M. R. , FERDEGHINI C. , PUTTI M. , SIRI A. S. 
Published: November 2004

Quantum Hall Effect (QHE) and field effect mobility (in zero magnetic field) were measured in commercial low mobility n-channel MOSFETs. All the samples, at least in the region of higher mobility, show the quantized values of the Hall resistance. However we have identified a strong effect of the "aging" of the samples: a "new" sample shows the usual QHE curves and smooth field effect mobility curves, while an "aged" sample shows pronounced peaked structures superimposed on the normal field effect mobility. The QHE curves also show an anomalous behaviour superimposed on the usual one, We attribute the deformation of the QHE curves to an onset of a thermoelectromotive force related to electric fields which produce non-uniform electron energy distribution along the channel. We give evidence of thermoelectric effects by measurements on a high quality Hall geometry MOSFET. Our experiments indicated an approximately linear dependence of the thermoelectric voltage on the electric field along the sample.
UNCONVENTIONAL FEATURES OF FREE ELECTRONS IN POLYCRYSTALLINE METAL FILMS
Authors: VANCEA J. 
Published: November 2004

New experimental results concerning basic electronic properties of fine grained metallic films call for theoretical models differing from standard theories: 1) The d.c. conductivity depends on the number of electrons crossing the grain boundary potentials along their background scattering length. An intrinsic scattering length for the whole polycrystal cannot be defined. 2) The Hall coefficient depends on the grain size. Below a “cut-off grain size”, electrons with p-symmetry are virtually confined within the grains. Consequently a virtual free electron value is observed. 3) The work function shows a long ranging thickness dependence. For film thicknesses comparable with electronic scattering lengths, the film’s surfaces start to interact.
How does preference reversal appear and disappear? Effects of the evaluation mode
Authors: Schmeltzer Christophe , Caverni Jean‐Paul , Warglien Massimo 
Published: November 2004

AbstractPreference reversal is a systematic change in the preference order between options when different response methods are used (e.g., choice vs. judgment). The present study focuses on procedures used to elicit preferences according to an evaluability hypothesis. Two experiments compared joint vs. separate evaluations and explicit vs. non‐explicit joint evaluations. Subjects had to express preferences between high‐variance gambles (HVGs) and low‐variance gambles (LVGs) either by choosing one gamble to play in a lottery or by assigning gambles minimum selling prices. We show that HVGs are preferred in both choice and pricing conditions when gambles are evaluated separately, and LVGs are preferred in both choice and selling conditions when gambles are evaluated in pairs: i.e., when the evaluation mode is held constant, classic preference reversal disappears. These results support the evaluability hypothesis, and suggest that preferences depend on whether subjects are allowed to compare the options they are asked to choose from or judge, independently of the nature of the scale (i.e., attractiveness vs. minimum selling price) they are required to adopt. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a chip‐based capillary gel electrophoresis method for quantification of a half‐antibody in immunoglobulin G4samples
Authors: Vasilyeva Elena , Woodard James , Taylor Frederick R. , Kretschmer Matthias , Fajardo Hans , Lyubarskaya Yelena , Kobayashi Kazumi , Dingley Amy , Mhatre Rohin 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA method based on microfluidic technology was developed to support quantitative analysis of recombinant monoclonal immunoglobulin G4(IgG4) antibody samples. The assay was performed on an Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer in combination with the Protein 200 Plus LabChip® Kit and the Protein 200 Plus assay software. Capillary electrophoresis principles have been transferred to a chip format that integrates all separation, staining, virtual destaining, and detection steps. The method is referred to in this paper as chip‐based capillary gel electrophoresis (GelChip‐CE method). The GelChip‐CE method under nonreducing conditions proved to be a quantitative test for half‐antibody determination in IgG4samples. Similar to the traditional nonreducing sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) method, the GelChip‐CE method includes a denaturing step prior to separation. We showed that denaturing the sample by heating resulted in an artificial increase in the amount of half‐antibody detected, which could be prevented by addition ofN‐ethylmaleimide to the sample buffer. The GelChip‐CE method allowed for analysis of IgG4samples with more accuracy, higher precision, and a faster turnaround time than SDS‐PAGE and reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC).
A simple mechanism for reliable particle sorting in a microdevice with combined electroosmotic and pressure‐driven flow
Authors: Johann Robert , Renaud Philippe 
Published: November 2004

AbstractSelective transport and sorting of particles in microfluidic devices by electroosmosis is complicated due to superposition of uncontrolled hydrodynamic pressure contributions on the electroosmotic force. In this paper, we present a microfluidic concept for the reliable and simple separation and sorting of particles in a microchip by electroosmosis combined with pressure‐driven flow. The presented device allows fluid quantities to be switched and particles to be sorted within a channel manifold using only a single power supply with fixed voltage and an electric switch. Consequently, chip operation and fluid switching procedure are greatly simplified compared to a situation, in which several independent power sources are used for flow balancing, as is the common procedure. With the triple‐T channel design presented, backpressure flow disturbing the electrokinetic fluid and particle separation process is eliminated by introducing controlled opposed hydrodynamic flow of buffer from side channels. This pressure‐driven flow is generated on‐chip by setting up differences in the reservoir pressures in a defined manner. A detailed flow analysis based on the equivalence of fluid flow and electric current is performed and the conditions for reliable chip function are worked out.
New directions of miniaturization within the biomarker research area
Authors: Marko‐Varga György A. , Nilsson Johan , Laurell Thomas 
Published: November 2004

AbstractAn overview of the current trends within protein expression profiling is given where multidimensional separation of both gel and liquid phase techniques linked to mass spectrometry is viewed as a major route in the global proteome mapping. A clear trend in these biochemical developments is the effort to sequence and identify low‐abundant protein expressions where assay miniaturization and integrated sample processing play a central role. Two areas of miniaturization within the proteomics field are addressed: (i) sample cleanup and enrichment, and (ii) silicon microstructure developments for protein chip microarrays.
Thermal stability of myofibrillar protein from Indian major carps
Authors: Sankar Thazhakot V , Ramachandran Alappat 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe characteristics and stability of natural actomyosin (NAM) from rohu (Labeo rohita), catla (Catla catla) and mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala) were investigated. The total extractable actomyosin (AM) was higher (7.60 mg ml−1) in the case of rohu compared with that from catla and mrigal (5 mg ml−1). Although the specific AM ATPase activity was similar (0.43–0.5 µmol P min−1mg P−1) among the three species, the total ATPase activity was lower in mrigal (25 µmol g−1meat) compared with the other species (37 µmol g−1meat). The inactivation rate constants (kd) of AM Ca ATPase activity showed differences in the stabilities of actomyosin among these fish, the actomyosin from catla being least stable. The NAM from these species was stable up to 20 °C at pH 7.0. Catla AM became unstable at 30 °C, while rohu and mrigal AM could withstand up to 45 °C. The thermal denaturation with respect to solubility, turbidity, ATPase activity, sulphhydryl group and surface hydrophobicity showed noticeable changes at around these temperatures. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Direct observation of lamellar 90° and 180° domains in single grains of PZT thin film at nanoscale resolution
Authors: Yu H. F. , Zeng H. R. , Chu R. Q. , Li G. R. , Yin Q. R. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA ferroelectric PZT thin film with (111) orientation was prepared by a sol–gel process and deposited by spin coating on a Pt(111)/Ti/SiO2/Si wafer. The three‐dimensional (in‐plane and out‐of‐plane) domain structures were in situ visualized by using scanning force microscopy in piezoresponse mode at nanoscale resolution. Both lamellar 90° and 180° domain patterns with almost equal widths of 20–30 nm were extensively observed inside single grains. The domain distribution is a result of local mechanical stress at the interface between the grain and the substrate from periodic lattice‐constant mismatch. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Nectar resource diversity organises flower‐visitor community structure
Authors: Potts Simon G. , Vulliamy Betsy , Roberts Stuart , O'Toole Chris , Dafni Amots , Ne'eman Gidi , Willmer Pat G. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractCommunities of nectar‐producing plants show high spatio‐temporal variation in the patterns of volume and concentration presentation. We illustrate a novel approach for quantifying nectar reward structures in complex communities, demonstrating that nectar resource diversity (defined as the variety of nectar volume–concentration combinations available) may be a fundamental factor organising nectarivore communities. In a series of diverse bee and entomophilous flower communities in Israel, our measure of nectar resource diversity alone explains the majority of variation in bee species richness, while other nectar variables (volume, concentration, energy value, and water content) have little predictive value per se. The new measure of nectar resource diversity is highly correlated with floral species richness and particularly with the species richness of annuals, yet it is additive in its effect on bee diversity. We conclude that relying solely upon measurements of mean nectar volume and mean nectar concentration overlooks a key characteristic of community‐level reward structure, nectar resource diversity, so that previous studies may have failed to identify an important determinant of flower‐visitor community structure.
Telangiectasia macularis eruptiva perstans with an associated myeloproliferative disorder
Authors: Martin Lucy K. , Romanelli Paolo , Ahn Yeon Soong , Kirsner Robert S. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractTelangiectasia macularis eruptiva perstans (TMEP) is a cutaneous form of mastocytosis. It has been rarely associated with an underlying myeloproliferative disorder. We report the case of a patient, while receiving treatment for thrombocytosis, with both platelet production and function inhibitors presented with TMEP. TMEP is often refractory to therapy; however, our patient responded to treatment with PUVA.