bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Pathogenic CDC73 Gene Variant in Hyperparathyroidism-jaw Tumor Syndrome
Authors: Ishida Yuto , Hirose Rei , Nakano Masahide , Tsurutani Yuya 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome (HPT-JT) is a rare hereditary disorder caused by pathogenic CDC73 gene variants. We report the case of a patient with HPT-JT who carried a novel germline pathogenic CDC73 variant. A 27-year-old woman presented with thirst, polyuria, fatigue, constipation, and a history of fibro-osseous mandible lesions and endometrial polyps. Examination revealed hypercalcemia and grossly elevated PTH levels with hypercalciuria accompanied by a right lower parathyroid tumor with concordant imaging, suggesting primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Given that she had early-onset PHPT and a history of fibro-osseous mandible lesions, HPT-JT was suspected. Genetic testing identified a novel frameshift variant in exon 1 of CDC73. En bloc resection was planned based on the suspicion of parathyroid carcinoma. However, because no findings suggestive of carcinoma were observed intraoperatively, thyroidectomy was not performed. Despite the surgery, PHPT persisted postoperatively, and further evaluation revealed the presence of a residual ectopic left upper parathyroid adenoma, necessitating additional surgery. High-impact pathogenic CDC73 variants are linked to a high risk of parathyroid carcinoma and multiglandular disease. In patients with such variants and clinically suspected parathyroid carcinoma, bilateral neck exploration with subtotal parathyroidectomy may be recommended, with en bloc resection added if intraoperative findings suggest carcinoma.
Trans Milieus
Authors: Clare Stephanie D. , Savage Maxine 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This essay considers queer ecology's engagement with transness with the goal of clarifying what it is that trans ecology, in particular, has to offer: a centering of trans people and phenomena, a more radical reworking of the concept of “nature,” one entangled with the field's treatment of “biological sex,” and an attentiveness to questions concerning home, habitat, and milieu. To develop this argument, the essay analyzes important works of queer and trans ecology, from Catriona Sandilands and Bruce Erickson's Queer Ecologies (2010) to writing by Oliver Baez Bendorf, Susan Stryker, and Marquis Bey. Finally, the essay outlines how the writing of the twentieth-century French physician and philosopher, Georges Canguilhem, underread in trans studies yet influential among scholars of disability, provides a helpful framework for trans ecologies as it departs from both empirical and new materialist approaches.
Chromosome number alterations cause apoptosis and cellular hypertrophy in induced pluripotent stem cell models of embryonic epiblast cells
Authors: Martis Althea Stella Anil , Soundararajan Loshini , Shetty Pallavi , Moin Syed , Vanje Tejashree , Jai Sankar Yogeshwaran , Parveen Shagufta 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Chromosomal aneuploidies are a major cause of developmental failure and pregnancy loss. To investigate the possible consequences of aneuploidy on early embryonic development in vitro, we focused on primed pluripotent stem cells that are relatable to the epiblast of post-implantation embryos in vivo. We used human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) as an epiblast model and altered chromosome numbers by treating with reversine, a small-molecule inhibitor of monopolar spindle 1 kinase (MSP1) that inactivates the spindle assembly checkpoint, which has been strongly implicated in chromosome mis-segregation and aneuploidy generation. Upon reversine treatment, we obtained cells with varied chromosomal content that retained pluripotency and potential to differentiate into cells of three germ lineages. However, these cells displayed lagging chromosomes, increased micronuclei content, high p53 expression and excessive apoptotic activity. Cell proliferation was not affected. Prolonged in vitro culture of these cells resulted in a selective pool of cells with supernumerary chromosomes, which exhibited cellular hypertrophy, enlarged nuclei, and overproduction of total RNAs and proteins. We conclude that increased DNA damage responses, apoptosis, and improper cellular mass and functions are possible mechanisms that contribute to abnormal epiblast development.
Who Is AI Replacing? The Impact of Generative AI on Online Freelancing Platforms
Authors: Demirci Ozge , Hannane Jonas , Zhu Xinrong 
Published: January 2025

This paper studies the impact of generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies on the demand for online freelancers using a large data set from a leading global freelancing platform. We identify the types of jobs that are more affected by generative AI and quantify the magnitude of the heterogeneous impact. Our findings indicate a 21% decrease in the number of job posts for automation-prone jobs related to writing and coding compared with jobs requiring manual-intensive skills within eight months after the introduction of ChatGPT. We show that the reduction in the number of job posts increases competition among freelancers, whereas the remaining automation-prone jobs are of greater complexity and offer higher pay. We also find that the introduction of image-generating AI technologies led to a 17% decrease in the number of job posts related to image creation. We use Google Trends to show that the more pronounced decline in the demand for freelancers within automation-prone jobs correlates with their higher public awareness of ChatGPT’s substitutability. This paper was accepted by Duncan Simester, marketing. Supplemental Material: The online appendices and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2024.05420 .
Application of Cardiac Rehabilitation Aerobic Exercise in Patients with Stable Angina in Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Zhou Jin , Liu Ying , Zhao Hua , Yan Wei , Chen Litao , Sun Xing , Feng Xiaoman , Wang Jing , Pei Yongbin , Li Shuya 
Published: January 2025

Aims/Background A novel exercise protocol for cardiac rehabilitation aerobic (CRA) has been developed by Hebei Sport University, demonstrating efficacy in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of CRA on precise cardiac rehabilitation (CR) for CHD patients presenting with stable angina pectoris. Methods The study cohort comprised patients with stable angina who were categorized into three groups: the CRA group (n = 35), the power bicycles (PB) group (n = 34), and the control group (n = 43). In addition to standard treatment, the CRA group underwent a 12-week CRA-based CR intervention, while the PB group participated in a similar program centered on PB exercise, and the control group received only standard treatment. Results At the end of the 12-week intervention, significant differences were observed among the groups in several physiological parameters, including systolic blood pressure (SBP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), Glycated Haemoglobin (Hb-A1c), peak oxygen uptake (Peak VO2), anaerobic threshold (AT), and Peak VO2/heart rate (HR) (p < 0.05). Both the CRA and PB groups showed significant reductions in SBP, FBG, TG, TC, LDL, and Hb-A1c compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Additionally, both groups exhibited significant improvements in Peak VO2, AT, and Peak VO2/HR (p < 0.05). Intra-group analysis revealed that the CRA group showed significant improvements from baseline to post-intervention in SBP, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), FBG, TG, TC, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), LDL, Hb-A1c, Peak VO2, AT, and Peak VO2/HR (p < 0.05). Similarly, the PB group demonstrated significant improvements across these parameters (p < 0.05). Conclusion Both CRA and PB exercises are safe and effective for achieving precise CR in patients with CHD. A 12-week CRA intervention, conducted three times per week for 30 minutes per session, significantly improves cardiopulmonary function and biochemical makers in patients with stable angina. These improvements are comparable to those achieved through PB exercise in precise CR.
Perceived stress in end-of-life care: a qualitative study of Iranian nurses' experiences
Authors: Zahra Royani , Khadijeh Yazdi , Reza Mahmoodi Shen Gholam 
Published: January 2025

Background: Nurses experience high levels of stress while providing end-of-life care, which puts them under emotional pressure, stress and conflict. Therefore, this study aimed to explain the experiences of nurses during the provision of end-of-life care in Iran. Methods: A qualitative descriptive study conducted using a conventional content analysis approach in Gorgan in 2023. A total of 11 nurses participated in this study, who were selected purposefully with maximum variation. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analysed using the five-step conventional content analysis method of Graneheim and Lundman (2004) . Results: From the data analysis, three categories and seven subcategories emerged. The categories include: ‘caring nature’, ‘structural challenges of the care system’ and ‘communication challenges’. Conclusion: Generally speaking, different types of stresses influence the performance of nurses that are involved in end-of-life care. By identifying some of these stressors, nurses, nursing managers and health policymakers can adopt supportive strategies to reduce the perceived stress and, consequently, improve the quality of end-of-life care by reducing the consequences of stress, such as burnout, moral distress and high job turnover.
Perceived barriers to paediatric palliative care in a Palestinian children's hospital
Authors: Ghareeb George , Kelly Daniel 
Published: January 2025

Background: This study aimed to identify barriers to paediatric palliative care provision at one Palestinian paediatric hospital, elucidate reasons for the barriers, provide recommendations for enhancing care and identify topics for future research in other low-to middle-income countries. Methods: A mixed-method cross-sectional study, employing both quantitative and qualitative methods was conducted, involving 61 healthcare professionals at a paediatric hospital in Palestine. Data collection consisted of 58 participants completing an electronic survey, while three healthcare professionals participated in semi-structured interviews. Ethical approval was obtained prior to data collection. Results: The study identified significant barriers to paediatric palliative care, categorised into patient-family, healthcare professional and organisational domains. Quantitative data from 58 healthcare professionals revealed family resistance to a palliative prognosis and inadequate training for healthcare professionals, with mean barrier scores ranging from 3.09 to 4.00 (maximum=5.00). Qualitative insights from interviews and open-ended survey questions complemented these findings, highlighting the need for effective communication, educational enhancement and organisational support to improve the quality of care. Conclusion: The study identified barriers to the implementation of effective paediatric palliative care, underscoring the need for emotional support, better clinical guidance, more education and training and stronger interdisciplinary collaboration.
Palliative care in the public health system: how do physicians deal with their patients at the end of life?
Authors: Cruz Ricardo Pedrini , Serafim José Américo , Klug Daniel , Santos Cledy Eliana Dos 
Published: January 2025

Background: Patients with cancer are referred late to palliative care services (PCS). Aim: To analyse the time of referral to PCSs and the characteristics of patients that are referred. Methods: A retrospective cohort. All patients admitted in a single tertiary care institution were evaluated by the PCSs from February 1, 2018 to January 31, 2019. Findings: Among the 642 patients (557 patients with cancer) referred to PCSs: 7.47% died before evaluation, 13.08% died before transfer, and 15.6% died within 8 days after transfer. Out of all the patients with cancer included in the study, 85.28% had less than 2 months of PCS follow-up during their disease. In the last 30 days of life, 96.26% had were readmitted to hospital. A total of 94.09% of patients with cancer died in a hospital. Conclusion: These findings suggest that patients with cancer in Brazil are not referred early enough to PCSs. Early integration with PCS must be sought to improve the accuracy of referral.
Cost-effectiveness of leveraging existing HIV primary health systems and community health workers for hypertension screening and treatment in Africa: An individual-based modeling study
Authors: Hickey Matthew D. , Ayieko James , Kabami Jane , Owaraganise Asiphas , Kakande Elijah , Ogachi Sabina , Aoko Colette I. , Wafula Erick M. , Sang Norton , Sunday Helen , Revill Paul , Bansi-Matharu Loveleen , Shade Starley B. , Chamie Gabriel , Balzer Laura B. , Petersen Maya L. , Havlir Diane V. , Kamya Moses R. , Phillips Andrew N. 
Published: January 2025

Background
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality is increasing in Africa, largely due to undiagnosed and untreated hypertension. Approaches that leverage existing primary health systems could improve hypertension treatment and reduce CVD, but cost-effectiveness is unknown. We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of population-level hypertension screening and implementation of chronic care clinics across eastern, southern, central, and western Africa.

Methods and findings
We conducted a modeling study to simulate hypertension and CVD across 3,000 scenarios representing a range of settings across eastern, southern, central, and western Africa. We evaluated 2 policies compared to current hypertension treatment: (1) expansion of HIV primary care clinics into chronic care clinics that provide hypertension treatment for all persons regardless of HIV status (chronic care clinic or CCC policy); and (2) CCC plus population-level hypertension screening of adults ≥40 years of age by community health workers (CHW policy). For our primary analysis, we used a cost-effectiveness threshold of US $500 per disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) averted, a 3% annual discount rate, and a 50-year time horizon. A strategy was considered cost-effective if it led to the lowest net DALYs, which is a measure of DALY burden that takes account of the DALY implications of the cost for a given cost-effectiveness threshold.
Among adults 45 to 64 years, CCC implementation would improve population-level hypertension control (the proportion of people with hypertension whose blood pressure is controlled) from mean 4% (90% range 1% to 7%) to 14% (6% to 26%); additional CHW screening would improve control to 44% (35% to 54%). Among all adults, CCC implementation would reduce ischemic heart disease (IHD) incidence by 10% (3% to 17%), strokes by 13% (5% to 23%), and CVD mortality by 9% (3% to 15%). CCC plus CHW screening would reduce IHD by 28% (19% to 36%), strokes by 36% (25% to 47%), and CVD mortality by 25% (17% to 34%). CHW screening was cost-effective in 62% of scenarios, CCC in 31%, and neither policy was cost-effective in 7% of scenarios. Pooling across setting-scenarios, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were $69/DALY averted for CCC and $389/DALY averted adding CHW screening to CCC.

Conclusions
Leveraging existing healthcare infrastructure to implement population-level hypertension screening by CHWs and hypertension treatment through integrated chronic care clinics is expected to reduce CVD morbidity and mortality and is likely to be cost-effective in most settings across Africa.
Development and characterization of a reverse genetics system for the lineage II Chicava strain of Machupo virus in a guinea pig model
Authors: Mantlo Emily , Maruyama Junki , Manning John T. , Reyna Rachel A. , Huang Cheng , Paessler Slobodan 
Published: January 2025

Background
Machupo virus (MACV) is a New World mammarenavirus (hereafter referred to as “arenavirus”) and the etiologic agent of Bolivian hemorrhagic fever (BHF). No vaccine or antiviral therapy exists for BHF, which causes up to 35% mortality in humans. New World arenaviruses evolve separately in different locations. To date, up to eight lineages of MACV have been identified in Bolivia. While the prototype MACV Carvallo strain belongs to lineage I discovered in the Memore Province in the 1960s, the MACV lineage II strains have become the dominantly-circulating lineage in the same province since 1993.

Methods
We report the development of a reverse genetics system for the MACV lineage II Chicava strain, using a pRF42 plasmid encoding the L and S segment genomic RNA under the transcriptional control of a murine DNA-dependent RNA polymerase I promoter sequence. Rescue of the recombinant MACV Chicava strain (rMACV-Chicava) was accomplished by expression of the L protein and nucleoprotein genes of the MACV Carvallo strain in trans in transfected baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) cells. We characterized the multiplication kinetics of rMACV-Chicava in African green monkey kidney epithelial Vero cells, followed by determining the virulence phenotype in outbred Hartley guinea pigs.

Principal findings
We demonstrated that the multiplication kinetics in Vero cells, virulence phenotype in guinea pigs, and neutralizing antibody titers are indistinguishable between rMACV-Chicava and the wild-type parental virus.

Conclusion and significance
We conclude that rMACV-Chicava provides a useful model system to investigate the emergence of MACV lineage II strains and the guinea pig model has utility for the development of candidate vaccines and therapeutic antibodies for BHF.
Probiotics interventions modulating gut microbiota composition in individuals with intestinal constipation: Protocol of a systemic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Mei Zubing , Du Peixin , Han Ye , Shao Zhuo , Zheng De 
Published: January 2025

Introduction
Intestinal constipation is a substantive global health concern, significantly impairing patient quality of life. An emerging view is that the gut microbiota plays a critical role in intestinal function, and probiotics could offer therapeutic benefits. This study aims to consolidate evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assess the effectiveness of probiotics in modulating microbiota and ameliorating symptoms of constipation.

Methods
We will execute a systematic evidence search across Medline (via PubMed), Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, Scopus, and CINAHL, employing explicit search terms and further reference exploration. Two independent reviewers will ensure study selection and data integrity while assessing methodological quality via the Cochrane Collaboration’s Risk of Bias-2 tool. Our primary goal is to outline changes in microbiota composition, with secondary outcomes addressing symptom relief and stool characteristics. Meta-analyses will adopt a random-effects model to quantify the effects of interventions, supplemented by subgroup analyses and publication bias assessments to fortify the rigor of our findings.

Discussion
This study endeavors to provide a rigorous, synthesized overview of the probiotics interventions evidence for modulating gut microbiota in individuals with intestinal constipation. The insights derived could inform clinical guidelines, nurture the creation of novel constipation management strategies, and direct future research in this field.

Ethics and dissemination
As this study aggregates and analyzes existing data without direct human subject involvement, no ethical approval is required. We will disseminate the study’s findings through scientific forums and seek publication in well-regarded, peer-reviewed journals.

Trial registration
OSF registration number: 10.17605/OSF.IO/MEAHT.
Prevalence of HIV infection and uptake of HIV/AIDs services among fishermen on the shores of Lake Victoria in Kagera region, Northwestern Tanzania
Authors: Mwanahapa Patrick , Mtoro Mtoro J. , Gerald Dina , Horumpende Pius , Mujeeb Salaam 
Published: January 2025

Introduction
The Tanzania HIV Impact Survey (THIS) 2022–2023 showed that HIV prevalence among the general population stabilises but varies geographically across the country. Despite this, disproportionate burdens of HIV continue among specific subpopulations, such as fishermen. Fishermen are particularly vulnerable to HIV infection and have a low uptake of HIV prevention and treatment services. This study aimed to understand the prevalence of HIV infection, uptake of HIV/AIDs services, and associated risk factors of HIV Infection among fishermen residing along the shores of Lake Victoria in the Kagera region, Tanzania, in 2024.

Methods
A cross-sectional study among fishermen was employed from February to April 2024, using convenient sampling of 10 beach management units (BMUs) to obtain a robust sample of fishermen aged ≥15 years in Kagera. Participants were randomly selected across BMUs. Information was collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire, and HIV testing was offered on-site according to national testing guidelines. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with HIV infection, adjusted for potential confounders.

Results
A total of 774 fishermen with a median age of 31 years (interquartile range: 25–38 years) were recruited. The study found an HIV prevalence of 11.3% (95% CI: 9.2–13.8). HIV prevalence varied across selected districts: 12.7% in Muleba District, 10.1% in Bukoba Rural District, and 8.6% in Bukoba Urban District. The HIV prevalence was highest among fishermen aged 20–24 years (14.7% (95% CI: 9.7–21.5). The majority, 60.9% (95% CI: 57.4–64.2), had tested for HIV in the past 12 months. Of those living with HIV, 77.6% (95% CI: 67.3–85.9) self-reported using anti-retroviral therapy. In adjusted analysis, using alcohol before sex (aOR = 2.32, 95 CI: 1.42–3.80), not testing for HIV in the last 12 months (aOR = 4.69, 95% CI: 2.79–7.88), and not using condoms (aOR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.13–3.27) were significantly associated with HIV infection among fishermen.

Conclusion
HIV prevalence among fishermen was nearly twice as high as in the general population in Kagera. HIV programming should be strengthened to reduce new HIV infections. Hotspot mapping to expand HIV prevention and treatment services is pivotal for controlling the HIV epidemic.
The relationship between vitamin A and myopia: A population-based study
Authors: Lee Yeo Jin , Jee Donghyun 
Published: January 2025

Purpose
We sought to evaluate the relationship between blood vitamin A levels and myopia in adults aged ≥20 years in Korea.

Methods
We collected data of 15,899 participants aged ≥20 years from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Participants underwent refraction tests to identify myopia and high myopia, and their blood pressure and obesity levels were measured. Blood tests were conducted to assess vitamin A, fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels. Blood vitamin A levels were classified into quartiles.

Results
After adjusting for confounding variables like age, sex, income, education, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity, the odds ratio (OR) of blood vitamin A in the second quartile for myopia was 0.66, while the OR in the fourth quartile was 0.74 (P for trend < 0.001). Among women, the ORs for myopia in the second and third quartiles of blood vitamin A levels were 0.48 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.35–0.66) and 0.67 (95% CI, 0.49–0.90), respectively (P for trend < 0.001). In men, the ORs for high myopia in the second, third, and fourth quartiles of blood vitamin A levels were 0.05 (95% CI, 0.004–0.58), 0.15 (95% CI, 0.024–0.91), and 0.05 (95% CI, 0.008–0.364), respectively (P for trend < 0.001).

Conclusion
An inverse relationship was observed between higher blood vitamin A levels and the prevalence of myopia. Notably, higher blood vitamin A levels were associated with a lower prevalence of high myopia in men and a lower prevalence of myopia in women.