bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of in ovo lactoferrin injection in Fayoumi chicken eggs on immune response and some physiological parameters in posthatch chicks
Authors: Fathi Mohamed A. , Abdelsalam Adel M. , Elnagar Waleed , Elwan Hamada , Elnesr Shaaban S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe effects of in ovo lactoferrin (Lf) injection on some physiological parameters and immune response of posthatch chicks were investigated. Live embryonated Fayoumi chicken eggs (n = 600) were randomly allocated into four groups. The first group as a control was noninjected eggs, the second group was only injected with 0.1 mL of NaCl 0.75% solution, and the third and fourth groups were injected with 50 and 100 µL Lf dissolved in 0.1 mL saline solution respectively. The eggs were injected on Day 15 of incubation in the amnion. The results illustrated that the hatchability of eggs in two Lf groups was significantly higher than in the control, NaCl groups. The residual yolk in chicks injected with Lf (100 µL/egg) was significantly lower than the control group (p < 0.05). In ovo Lf injection improved lipid profile, liver function, antioxidant indices, blood haematology, serum immunoglobulins and jejunum histomorphometry compared to the control group (p < 0.05). In ovo injection of Lf decreased significantly (p < 0.001) of pathogenic bacteria in residual yolk such asSalmonella, Shigella andColiformcompared to the control group. In conclusion, in ovo Lf injection can improve the hatchability, lipid profile, immune response and antioxidant indices and decline pathogens in the residual yolk, thus boosting the health status of newly hatched Fayoumi chicks.
Validation of two brief instruments (the SURE and CollaboRATE) to measure shared decision‐making in patients with restless legs syndrome
Authors: Björk Maria , Knutsson Susanne , Odzakovic Elzana , Hellström Amanda , Sandlund Christina , Ulander Martin , Lind Jonas , Pakpour Amir H. , Broström Anders ,   members of the Jönköping University (JU) Sleep Well Research Group
Published: November 2023

SummaryRestless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common neurological disorder characterised by an urge to move arms and legs, usually associated with discomfort, pain, motor restlessness, and sleep disturbance. An individually adapted treatment is needed but difficult to optimise, which makes shared decision‐making (SDM) important. However, brief validated instruments on how patients with RLS perceive their involvement in treatment decisions are lacking. Therefore, the aim was to validate two instruments, SURE (Sure of myself, Understand information, Risk–benefit ratio, Encouragement, i.e., to assess decisional conflict) and CollaboRATE (brief patient survey focused on SDM, i.e., to assess SDM), in patients with RLS. A cross‐sectional design, including 788 participants with RLS (65% females, mean [SD] age 70.8 [11.4] years) from a national patient organisation for RLS, was used. A postal survey was sent out to collect data regarding weight, height, comorbidities, demographics, and RLS‐related treatment data. The following instruments were included: the SURE, CollaboRATE, Restless Legs Syndrome‐6 Scale, and eHealth Literacy Scale. Confirmatory factor analysis and Rasch models were used to assess the validity and reliability of the SURE and CollaboRATE. Measurement invariance, unidimensionality, and differential item functioning (DIF) across age, gender, and medication groups were assessed. The SURE and CollaboRATE were both identified as unidimensional instruments with satisfactory internal consistency. No DIF across age and gender was identified, while significant DIF was observed for both the SURE and CollaboRATE regarding medication use categories. However, both the SURE and CollaboRATE are potential instruments to be used in research, but also as reflection tools by healthcare professionals, patients, and students to explore and assess SDM, and support its development in clinical care.
Childhood adversity and COVID-19 outcomes in the UK Biobank
Authors: Hanson Jamie L , O’Connor Kristen , Adkins Dorthea J , Kahhale Isabella 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesThis study aims to investigate the association between childhood adversity and COVID-19-related hospitalisation and COVID-19-related mortality in the UK Biobank.DesignCohort study.SettingUK.Participants151 200 participants in the UK Biobank cohort who had completed the Childhood Trauma Screen were alive at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic (January 2020) and were still active in the UK Biobank when hospitalisation and mortality data were most recently updated (November 2021).Main outcome measuresCOVID-19-related hospitalisation and COVID-19-related mortality.ResultsHigher self-reports of childhood adversity were related to greater likelihood of COVID-19-related hospitalisation in all statistical models. In models adjusted for age, ethnicity and sex, childhood adversity was associated with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.227 of hospitalisation (95% CI 1.153 to 1.306, childhood adversityz=6.49, p<0.005) and an OR of 1.25 of a COVID-19-related death (95% CI 1.11 to 1.424, childhood adversityz=3.5, p<0.005). Adjustment for potential confounds attenuated these associations, although associations remained statistically significant.ConclusionsChildhood adversity was significantly associated with COVID-19-related hospitalisation and COVID-19-related mortality after adjusting for sociodemographic and health confounders. Further research is needed to clarify the biological and psychosocial processes underlying these associations to inform public health intervention and prevention strategies to minimise COVID-19 disparities.
Energy Content Analysis of the Large 2019 Ridgecrest, California Seismic Sequence
Authors: Yaghmaei-Sabegh Saman 
Published: October 2023

The energy content of ground motion records obtained during the 2019 M6.4, M7.1 Ridgecrest, California earthquakes which occurred closely in space is analyzed in this paper. Wavelet transform as a powerful tool, that is used to evaluate the energy content characteristics including cumulative energy profiles and the total energy for different components of records, was obtained at three stations named China Lake Christmas Canyon, China Lake and Tower 2. Due to the fact that the energy-based parameters could be well correlated with damage distribution, this path has been taken into consideration in this research work with the light of the powerful wavelet tool. For this purpose, the discrete wavelet transform is efficiently used for multi-resolution decomposition of acceleration time history of ground motions and a new framework is presented to estimate the energy level of earthquake sequences. Finally, the pseudo-period corresponding to each corresponding level is introduced and the distribution of energy vs. the pseudo-period is discussed. The results of this paper provide a platform to compare the energy levels of different earthquake sequences in different periods. Analysis showed that wide-band energy distribution could be identified at China Lake Christmas Canyon and Tower 2 stations.
The Intentional Alteration of Jewish Manuscripts and the Houston Mahzor
Authors: Wolfthal Diane , Hollender Elisabeth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Books are living forms that must be understood not simply as they were at the moment and place of their creation, but also as they changed through time and space. This article focuses on a little-known medieval mahzor from the Rhineland, currently in Houston, which has been published in only three catalogue entries. It begins by introducing the manuscript and then goes on to focus on what is perhaps its most remarkable aspect: its extensive mutilation. After examining how and why other medieval Jewish manuscripts were intentionally altered, this essay explores the various campaigns that modified the Houston Mahzor and what can be known about the manuscript’s missing texts and images. Reimagining the Mahzor as it once was reveals a richly illuminated manuscript with strikingly unusual images. Studying how it was intentionally altered over time uncovers a range of reactions from its varied audience, Jewish and Christian, German and Italian, medieval and modern.
Patient Reported Outcome of Palatal Donor Site After Harvesting Connective Tissue Graft With or Without Platelet-rich Fibrin: A Prospective Clinical Study
Authors: Yadav Shashank , Bains Vivek Kumar , Madan Rohit , Srivastava Ruchi , Soi Sunakshi 
Published: October 2023

Aim: To evaluate the palatal donor site after harvesting connective tissue graft with or without platelet-rich fibrin (PRF). Material and Methods: Forty-two patients requiring connective tissue grafting were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental palatal donor site ( n = 21) received PRF before suturing, and the control palatal donor site ( n = 21) was sutured without any PRF. Results: Among 42 enrolled patients requiring connective tissue grafting, 34 patients completed the study. After 10 days, there was an increase in the average thickness of the palatal surgical test site in PRF-treated patients, whereas it decreased in non-PRF-treated patients. Patients’ response and acceptance for the surgical treatment modality in terms of Patient Comfort Score (PCS) and Patient Appearance Score (PAS) showed less discomfort and better/pleasing appearance in the experimental group after treatment as compared with the control group. “Absolute contour match” of the healing lesion to adjacent mucosa was observed in 76.5% of experimental sites, and no “absolute contour match” was observed with the adjacent non-surgical tissue in the control group, whereas, at 3 and 12 weeks, a 100% “absolute match” with the adjacent tissue was observed for all esthetic parameters in both groups. Conclusion: PRF usage at the donor site seems to be a simple less-invasive approach of high significance resulting in more accelerated physiological healing phenomenon and better early healing response.
Evaluation of the prevalence of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among opium users, and cigarette smokers and comparison with normal population in Kharameh: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Raeisy Laleh , Masoompour Seyed Masoom , Rezaianzadeh Abbas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Recent studies have suggested that opium use may increase mortality from pulmonary diseases. However, there are limited comprehensive studies regarding the prevalence of Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) among tobacco and opium users has been published. We aimed to determine the prevalence of respiratory disease among tobacco and opium users.

Methods
This cross-sectional study of tobacco and opium users and matched controls was conducted in the Kharameh Cohort, Fars, Iran. The prevalence of COPD and asthma, along with the participants demographical and spirometry data were examined.

Results
The average age of participants was 57 ± 8 years. Never smokers had a significant higher BMI (26.6 vs. 24.8), FEV1 (91% vs. 82%) and FVC (96% vs. 88%) values compared to participants with a positive smoking status. There was a statistical difference in the prevalence of COPD, asthma, and asthma COPD overlap (ACO) based on the participants smoking status, with the highest prevalence among opium and cigarette smokers, followed by opium users alone. Based on multivariate analysis, higher age, lower BMI, lower education than under diploma, cigarette smoking and opium use were significantly correlated with higher COPD prevalence; while lower age, cigarette smoking and opium use were significantly correlated with higher asthma prevalence. Illiterate participants had a significantly higher prevalence of COPD (23.6%), asthma (22%), and ACO (7.9%) among the educational groups. Regarding the prevalence of asthma, the higher socio-economic group had the lowest prevalence.

Conclusions
Opium and tobacco users had a significantly higher prevalence of respiratory diseases, along with lower lung function tests based on spirometry evaluation.
Comparison of surface roughness and hardness of three different brands of esthetic coated NiTi archwires: invitro study
Authors: Aboalnaga Amira A. , Shahawi Amal M. El 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
The purpose of the current in vitro study was to evaluate the surface roughness and hardness of three brands of as-received esthetic coated NiTi archwires and compare them with the same parameters after immersion in artificial saliva.

Methods
Three groups of 0.016 × 0.022 inch epoxy-coated NiTi orthodontic wires [Tooth tone coated NiTi (Ortho Technology, West Columbia, USA), EverWhite NiTi (American Orthodontics, Wisconsin, USA) and Nitanium Super Elastic Tooth Tone Plastic coated (Ortho Organizers, San Marcos, CA, USA)] were compared. Each group was subdivided into five as-received archwire specimens and five archwire specimens retrieved following immersion in artificial saliva for 28 days. Atomic force microscopy was used for analysis of average surface roughness (Sa). Hardness testing was performed using Digital Vickers hardness tester. ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparing the wire groups.

Results
The ranking of (Sa) values was as follows: Nitanium Ortho Organizers > Everwhite American Orthodontics > Tooth tone Ortho Technology (P > 0.05). Nitanium Ortho Organizers archwires showed significantly greater (Sa) than both other groups following immersion in saliva (P < 0.001). The coating hardness of as-received and post-immersion archwires from Tooth tone Ortho Technology was significantly lower than the other groups (P < 0.001). For all the three types of archwires, the mean hardness of immersed wires was significantly lower than that of the as-received archwires (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Esthetic coated archwires have shown unpleasant surface changes following exposure to artificial saliva. These surface changes are affected by physical characteristics such as surface roughness and hardness of the coating.
Application of a new multi-element integrated teaching mode based on bite-sized teaching, flipped classroom, and MOOC in clinical teaching of obstetrics and gynaecology
Authors: Liao Wenyan , He Jun , Yang Chunfen , Qi Shuo , Chen Guodong , Ding Chengming 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Context
Effective clinical medical student education includes attention to teaching approaches. This study assessed the impact of a new multi-element teaching mode that utilizes Bite-Sized Teaching, flipped classroom, and MOOC on learner perception in an Obstetrics and gynaecology clerkship.

Methods
A Two-stage crossover design study was conducted of a multi-element teaching mode compared to traditional teaching mode in an academic year. Participants included Ninety-six medical students practicing obstetrics and gynecology in our hospital, randomly divided into two groups respectively underwent multi-element teaching mode and traditional teaching mode. After each semester, a final test (including theoretical and clinical practical test) was conducted.When an academic year was completed, post intervention survey assessed learner perceptions of the intervention.

Result
In order to comprehensively test students’ performance after study, we take theoretical and practical examinations. The theoretical examination mainly tests students’ grasp of basic knowledge points, while the practical examination focuses on the examination of students’ diagnosis and treatment of diseases. There were statistically significant differences both in the theoretical and clinical practical scores between the new multi-element integrated teaching mode and the traditional teaching mode, specifically as follows: In the end of first semester, the theoretical scores of the two groups were respective 43.75 ± 3.42 vs. 42.07 ± 2.90, and clinic practical test scores were respective 44.93 ± 2.42 vs. 43.37 ± 2.52; In the end of second semester, the theoretical scores of the two groups were respective 44.30 ± 2.69 vs. 42.25 ± 3.39, and clinic practical test scores were respective 43.79 ± 2.25 vs. 41.93 ± 2.80.(p < 0.05). The results of questionnaires demonstrated that 80.21% of the students showed preference for the new multi-element integrated teaching mode comparing to traditional teaching methods.

Conclusion
The new multi-element integrated teaching mode is well accepted by the students and can improve the students’ mastery of knowledge, and can improve the students’ clinical comprehensive ability. The new multi-element integrated teaching mode is shown more preference than traditional teaching mode in the teaching of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Further long term study is needed carried out to consolidate our conclusion. The new multi-element integrated teaching mode may have positive effects on clinical teaching of Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
Early-life exposure to the Great Chinese Famine and gut microbiome disruption across adulthood for type 2 diabetes: three population-based cohort studies
Authors: Gou Wanglong , Wang Huijun , Tang Xin-yi , He Yan , Su Chang , Zhang Jiguo , Sun Ting-yu , Jiang Zengliang , Miao Zelei , Fu Yuanqing , Zhao Hui , Chen Yu-ming , Zhang Bing , Zhou Hongwei , Zheng Ju-Sheng 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
The early life stage is critical for the gut microbiota establishment and development. We aimed to investigate the lifelong impact of famine exposure during early life on the adult gut microbial ecosystem and examine the association of famine-induced disturbance in gut microbiota with type 2 diabetes.

Methods
We profiled the gut microbial composition among 11,513 adults (18–97 years) from three independent cohorts and examined the association of famine exposure during early life with alterations of adult gut microbial diversity and composition. We performed co-abundance network analyses to identify keystone taxa in the three cohorts and constructed an index with the shared keystone taxa across the three cohorts. Among each cohort, we used linear regression to examine the association of famine exposure during early life with the keystone taxa index and assessed the correlation between the keystone taxa index and type 2 diabetes using logistic regression adjusted for potential confounders. We combined the effect estimates from the three cohorts using random-effects meta-analysis.

Results
Compared with the no-exposed control group (born during 1962–1964), participants who were exposed to the famine during the first 1000 days of life (born in 1959) had consistently lower gut microbial alpha diversity and alterations in the gut microbial community during adulthood across the three cohorts. Compared with the no-exposed control group, participants who were exposed to famine during the first 1000 days of life were associated with consistently lower levels of keystone taxa index in the three cohorts (pooled beta − 0.29, 95% CI − 0.43, − 0.15). Per 1-standard deviation increment in the keystone taxa index was associated with a 13% lower risk of type 2 diabetes (pooled odds ratio 0.87, 95% CI 0.80, 0.93), with consistent results across three individual cohorts.

Conclusions
These findings reveal a potential role of the gut microbiota in the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) hypothesis, deepening our understanding about the etiology of type 2 diabetes.
Recombinant Slit2 suppresses neuroinflammation and Cdc42-mediated brain infiltration of peripheral immune cells via Robo1–srGAP1 pathway in a rat model of germinal matrix hemorrhage
Authors: Li Qian , Huang Lei , Ding Yan , Sherchan Prativa , Peng Wenjie , Zhang John H. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) is a devastating neonatal stroke, in which neuroinflammation is a critical pathological contributor. Slit2, a secreted extracellular matrix protein, plays a repulsive role in axon guidance and leukocyte chemotaxis via the roundabout1 (Robo1) receptor. This study aimed to explore effects of recombinant Slit2 on neuroinflammation and the underlying mechanism in a rat model of GMH.

Methods
GMH was induced by stereotactically infusing 0.3 U of bacterial collagenase into the germinal matrix of 7-day-old Sprague Dawley rats. Recombinant Slit2 or its vehicle was administered intranasally at 1 h after GMH and daily for 3 consecutive days. A decoy receptor recombinant Robo1 was co-administered with recombinant Slit2 after GMH. Slit2 siRNA, srGAP1 siRNA or the scrambled sequences were administered intracerebroventricularly 24 h before GMH. Neurobehavior, brain water content, Western blotting, immunofluorescence staining and Cdc42 activity assays were performed.

Results
The endogenous brain Slit2 and Robo1 expressions were increased after GMH. Robo1 was expressed on neuron, astrocytes and infiltrated peripheral immune cells in the brain. Endogenous Slit2 knockdown by Slit2 siRNA exacerbated brain edema and neurological deficits following GMH. Recombinant Slit2 (rSlit2) reduced neurological deficits, proinflammatory cytokines, intercellular adhesion molecules, peripheral immune cell markers, neuronal apoptosis and Cdc42 activity in the brain tissue after GMH. The anti-neuroinflammation effects were reversed by recombinant Robo1 co-administration or srGAP1 siRNA.

Conclusions
Recombinant Slit2 reduced neuroinflammation and neuron apoptosis after GMH. Its anti-neuroinflammation effects by suppressing onCdc42-mediated brain peripheral immune cells infiltration was at least in part via Robo1–srGAP1 pathway. These results imply that recombinant Slit2 may have potentials as a therapeutic option for neonatal brain injuries.
Exosome-transmitted miR-30a-5p enhances cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in ovarian cancer
Authors: Cao Jian , Wang Huan , Yang Jing , Zhang Jing , Li Dake , Xu Pengfei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Ovarian cancer (OC) causes the highest rates of mortality among women’s genital tract malignancies. Micro-ribonucleic acid (miRNA), the most abundant long noncoding RNAs transmitted by exosomes, has been revealed to be a potential marker for OC since 2008. In this study, we aimed to determine the possible roles of miRNAs derived from exosomes in the early diagnosis of OC through miRNA microarray, besides, exploring the underlying mechanisms of miRNAs in the OC progression.

Methods
We isolated exosomes from high invasive OC cell line HO8910PM and its parent cell line HO8910 using transmission electron microscopy and western blot, and performed miRNA microarray to identify the exosome-transmitted miRNA from the two cell lines, respectively. The expression profile was obtained by quantitative analysis, and then the differentially expressed individuals were screened. miRNA-30a-5p, a stable miRNA in both cells of our sequencing data was set for further study. MiR-30a-5p mimics, inhibitor and their corresponding negative controls were applied in OC cells. Then the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of different groups were analyzed via cell counting-kit 8 (CCK8), wound healing, and Transwell analyses. Besides, ZBE2 and LDH2 expressions were detected by qRT-PCR.

Results
Combined with the data report of miRNA microarray technology, we set miR-30a-5p as our target miRNA to analyze its molecular function in regulating proliferation, migration, and invasion in OC cells. Our results showed that the miR-30a-5p overexpression could significantly enhance the capability of proliferation, migration, and invasion of HO8910 and HO8910PM cells, whereas the miR-30a-5p inhibition showed the opposite tendency (all P < 0.05). Besides, miR-30a-5p may be involved in these oncogenic processes through the upregulation of ZEB2 and LDH2.

Conclusion
Our results demonstrate that exosome-transmitted miRNA-30a-5p promotes the malignant behavior of OC cells, which may be served as a promising diagnostic and prognostic marker for patients with OC.