bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organic Computing Methods for Face Recognition (Methoden des Organic Computing zur Gesichtserkennung)
Authors: Würtz Rolf P. 
Published: August 2005

Summury
Automatic face recognition is a slowly maturing and economically highly important technology, which still falls short of the high expectations set on it. The variation in images taken from the same person makes face recognition systems difficult to design — it is impossible to explicitly code all variability. Successful systems have relied heavily on the principle of self-organizing many fragile cues to arrive at a robust decision and have been built by learning from biological systems. The paper describes the techniques of elastic bunch graph matching as a hierarchical integration of image pixels into Gabor responses, jets, graphs, and bunch graphs. Beside face recognition, these concepts are used for face classification learned from examples. It is attempted to develop them further to reach a complete parameterization of all faces. Methods for more general object recognition using the same Organic Computing principles are outlined and include the concept of end-stopped cells as corner detectors.
Datenverwaltung und Routing in allgemeinen Netzwerken (Data Management and Routing in General Networks)
Authors: Räcke Harald 
Published: August 2005

Zusammenfassung
Moderne Parallelrechnersysteme bestehen üblicherweise aus einer Vielzahl von Standardrechnern, die über ein relativ breitbandarmes und unstrukturiertes Netzwerk, wie z.B. das Internet, verbunden werden. Während dieser Ansatz im Prinzip eine hohe Parallelrechnerleistung zu vergleichsweise moderaten Kosten ermöglicht, stellt er auch neue Anforderungen an die Entwicklung von Algorithmen, da diese eine hohe Skalierbarkeit auch für sehr unstrukturierte Netzwerke aufweisen müssen. Diese Dissertation stellt beweisbar effiziente Routing- und Datenverwaltungsstrategien für beliebige Netzwerktopologien vor. Die behandelten Strategien erreichen eine hohe Skalierbarkeit, indem sie die Kommunikationslast gleichmäßig über alle Netzwerkressourcen verteilen, und dadurch das Kommunikationspotential des Netzwerks optimal ausnutzen.
Removal of cesium from alkaline waste solution: Part II – Column ion exchange study
Authors: Adu-Wusu Kofi , Hassan Neguib M. , Nash Charles A. , Marra James C. 
Published: August 2005

Summary
Column ion exchange tests have been used to demonstrate the ability of SuperLig® 644 resin to remove 137Cs from highly alkaline radioactive waste. The column test resulted in 137Cs removal and overall decontamination factor of 99.6% (lead column) and 517000 (lag column) respectively. The concentration of 137Cs in the lag column effluent (0.000423 μCi 137Cs/mL) was two orders of magnitude below the low-activity waste vitrification limit of 0.087 μCi 137Cs/mL. The bed volume (BV=175) at the onset of breakthrough exceeded the requirement of 100 BV at 50% breakthrough. Cesium elution with 0.5 M HNO3 was adequate with a peak BV of 3.5. C/C
0=0.01 occurred at 10 BV of eluant, which is less than the target of 15 BV. Further, 99.99% of sorbed cesium was eluted from the resin. The residual 137Cs on the regenerated resin after the column operation was 23 μCi/g dry Na+ form resin.
The Effect of Antagonistic Pleiotropy on the Estimation of the Average Coefficient of Dominance of Deleterious Mutations
Authors: Fernández B , García-Dorado A , Caballero A 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
We investigate the impact of antagonistic pleiotropy on the most widely used methods of estimation of the average coefficient of dominance of deleterious mutations from segregating populations. A proportion of the deleterious mutations affecting a given studied fitness component are assumed to have an advantageous effect on another one, generating overdominance on global fitness. Using diffusion approximations and transition matrix methods, we obtain the distribution of gene frequencies for nonpleiotropic and pleiotropic mutations in populations at the mutation-selection-drift balance. From these distributions we build homozygous and heterozygous chromosomes and assess the behavior of the estimators of dominance. A very small number of deleterious mutations with antagonistic pleiotropy produces substantial increases on the estimate of the average degree of dominance of mutations affecting the fitness component under study. For example, estimates are increased three- to fivefold when 2% of segregating loci are overdominant for fitness. In contrast, strengthening pleiotropy, where pleiotropic effects are assumed to be also deleterious, has little effect on the estimates of the average degree of dominance, supporting previous results. The antagonistic pleiotropy model considered, applied under mutational parameters described in the literature, produces patterns for the distribution of chromosomal viabilities, levels of genetic variance, and homozygous mutation load generally consistent with those observed empirically for viability in Drosophila melanogaster.
Emergence of Species-Specific Transporters During Evolution of the Hemiascomycete Phylum
Authors: De Hertogh Benoît , Hancy Frédéric , Goffeau André , Baret Philippe V 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
We have traced the evolution patterns of 2480 transmembrane transporters from five complete genome sequences spanning the entire Hemiascomycete phylum: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida glabrata, Kluyveromyces lactis, Debaryomyces hansenii, and Yarrowia lipolytica. The use of nonambiguous functional and phylogenetic criteria derived from the TCDB classification system has allowed the identification within the Hemiascomycete phylum of 97 small phylogenetic transporter subfamilies comprising a total of 355 transporters submitted to four distinct evolution patterns named “ubiquitous,” “species specific,” “phylum gains and losses,” or “homoplasic.” This analysis identifies the transporters that contribute to the emergence of species during the evolution of the Hemiascomycete phylum and may aid in establishing novel phylogenetic criteria for species classification.
Martensitic Phase Transformation of Isolated HfO2, ZrO2, and HfxZr1 – xO2 (0 < x < 1) Nanocrystals
Authors: Tang J. , Zhang F. , Zoogman P. , Fabbri J. , Chan S.‐W. , Zhu Y. , Brus L. E. , Steigerwald M. L. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWe previously reported that, during the reactions to make nanocrystals of HfO2 and Hf‐rich HfxZr1 – xO2, a tetragonal‐to‐monoclinic phase transformation occurs that is accompanied by a shape change of the particles (faceted spherical to nanorods) when the temperature at which the reaction is conducted is changed from 340 to 400 °C. We now conclude that this concomitant phase and shape change is a result of the martensitic transformation of isolated nanocrystals in a hot liquid, where twinning plays a crucial role in accommodating the shape‐change‐induced strain. That such change was not observed during the reactions forming ZrO2 and Zr‐rich HfxZr1 – xO2 nanocrystals is attributed to the higher driving force needed in those instances compared to that needed for producing HfO2 and Hf‐rich HfxZr1 – xO2 nanocrystals. We also report here the post‐synthesis, heat‐induced phase transformation of HfxZr1 – xO2 (0 < x < 1) nanocrystals. As temperature increases, all the tetragonal nanocrystals transform to the monoclinic phase accompanied by an increase in particle size (as evidenced by X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy), which confirms that there is a critical size for the phase transformation to occur. When the monoclinic nanorods are heated above a certain temperature the grains grow considerably; under certain conditions a small amount of tetragonal phase appears.
Experimental approaches for understanding mixing performance of a minireactor
Authors: Chen G. G. , Luo G. S. , Li S. W. , Xu J. H. , Wang J. D. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThree experimental approaches are presented to determine the mixing characteristics of a new kind of high‐efficiency membrane dispersion minireactor in which microfiltration membranes are applied as the dispersion media. Residence time distribution (RTD) curves were measured for determining the macromixing characteristics. A typical Dushman reaction (iodide–iodate) coupled with a neutralization and precipitation reaction of BaSO4 were introduced to characterize the micromixing performance of a single‐phase mixing process. A dye extraction method was also applied to study the micromixing performance of a two‐liquid phase‐mixing system. The RTD result showed that the flow performance in the minireactor was almost in the plug flow condition. The micromixing performance was expressed with a segregation index, which could be <0.002. The single‐phase micromixing performance reached the desired level. The result of precipitation of BaSO4 showed that the mixing performance had a substantial influence on the particle size and size distribution. It was found that in the single‐phase mixing process the mixing performance was mainly influenced by the phase flux and the membrane pore size. With decreasing dispersed fluid flux or the membrane pore size, or with increasing continuous fluid flux, the micromixing performance was enhanced. The dye extraction method can correctly determine the mixing performance of a two‐liquid phase‐mixing system. Unlike the single‐phase mixing process, in the two‐liquid phase‐mixing process there was a minimum value for the mixing efficiency with the change of the continuous‐ or dispersed‐phase flux, when the membrane pore size was >0.9 μm. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
Note on disjoint blocking sets in Galois planes
Authors: Barát János , Marcugini Stefano , Pambianco Fernanda , Szőnyi Tamás 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn this paper, we show that there are at leastcqdisjoint blocking sets in PG(2,q), wherec ≈ 1/3. The result also extends to some non‐Desarguesian planes of orderq. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 14: 149–158, 2006
The use of tryptic marker‐peptides for the quantitative analysis of Cystatin C
Authors: Storme Michael L. , Sinnaeve Bart A. , Van Bocxlaer Jan F. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe use of marker‐peptides, measured by LC‐MS/MS, is investigated for the quantitative analysis of proteins. To that end, cystatin C is chosen as a model protein. It not only functions as a proof of concept protein but the growing interest in cystatin C as a new marker of kidney failure provides a practical application at the same time. The use of trypsin‐based proteolysis, to obtain so‐called marker‐peptides, simplifies the quantification of a protein to the quantification of a single or a number of peptides. Reproducibility of the trypsin proteolysis procedure is vital and has been optimised. A number of the marker‐peptides obtained are selected for LC‐MS(/MS) analysis. They are completely separated by high‐pressure LC allowing maximum selectivity and mass spectrometric multiple reaction monitoring sensitivity. By doing so, linear calibration curves can be obtained for cystatin C over two orders of magnitude. Experiments have been performed on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer by single ion monitoring (maximum sensitivity) as well as by multiple reaction monitoring (maximum specificity).
MADIX Polymerization of Captodative Ethyl α‐Acetoxyacrylate with Acrylate Monomers
Authors: Batt‐Coutrot Delphine , Robin Jean‐Jacques , Bzducha Wojciech , Destarac Mathias 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSummary: MADIX homopolymerization of a captodative monomer, ethyl‐α‐acetoxyacrylate (EAA) was investigated using AIBN as an initiator and O‐ethyl‐S‐(1‐methoxycarbonyl)ethyl dithiocarbonate as a transfer agent at 70 °C in a mixture of iPrOH and H2O. The experimental results revealed that this transfer agent had no effect on the polymerization reaction when compared with a free radical polymerization. Copolymerization of ethyl‐α‐acetoxyacrylate, with different acrylic monomers, such as butyl acrylate (BuA), acrylic acid, N,N‐(dimethylamino)ethyl acrylate and N,N‐dimethyl acrylamide, was then studied by MADIX polymerization using the same transfer agent. All the prepared copolymers were characterized by 1H NMR and size exclusion chromatography, and the obtained results were in accordance with theoretical predictions regarding molecular weight and copolymer composition. Futhermore, the living character of the polymerization has been checked by the chain extension of poly(EAA‐stat‐BuA) with vinyl acetate (Vac) which led to poly(EAA‐stat‐BuA)‐block‐poly(VAc).
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Phase Behaviour of New Side‐Chain Liquid Crystalline Polyoxetanes
Authors: Martínez‐Gómez Aránzazu , Bello Antonio , Pérez Ernesto 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSummary: The synthesis and thermal behaviour of two new polyoxetanes with side chains having a dimer structure mesogen‐spacer‐mesogen and a long terminal alkyl group are reported. The two polymers differ in the chemical structure of the central spacer. The polyoxetanes have been obtained by cationic ring‐opening polymerisation of an appropriately substituted oxetane ring. Both polyoxetanes studied exhibit liquid crystalline properties showing a similar sequence of phases. DSC and synchrotron experiments indicate that a highly ordered phase with a probable orthorhombic packing is observed at low temperature. On heating, this phase melts into a mesophase with hexagonal order within the smectic layers, which, on further heating, is transformed into a disordered smectic mesophase.Synchrotron X‐ray diffraction patterns of one of the poyoxetanes in a heating experiment.magnified imageSynchrotron X‐ray diffraction patterns of one of the poyoxetanes in a heating experiment.
Molecular dynamics of star‐shaped poly(L‐lactide)s in tetrahydrofuran as solvent monitored by fluorescence spectroscopy
Authors: Danko Martin , Libiszowski Jan , Biela Tadeusz , Wolszczak Marian , Duda Andrzej 
Published: August 2005

AbstractLinear telechelic, α,ω‐ditelechelic, and star‐shaped tri‐, tetra‐, penta‐, and hexa‐arm poly(L‐lactide)s (PLAs) fitted at every arm with pyrene end group have been prepared. Internal dynamics and mobility of the PLA chains in tetrahydrofuran solution at 25 °C, with regard to the number of PLA arms in one macromolecule and the individual arm average degree of polymerization, was followed by fluorescence spectroscopy. Analysis of both static and time‐resolved spectra of the star‐shaped polymers revealed dynamic segmental motion resulting in end‐to‐end cyclization, accompanied by an excimer formation. Probability and rate of the latter reaction increased with increasing number of arms and with decreasing their polymerization degree. Moreover, time‐resolved measurements revealed that for macromolecules containing few arms (2 or 3) the pyrene moieties are located in the interior of the star‐shaped PLAs, whereas in the instance of the higher number of arms (4–6) they are located at the periphery of the star‐shaped PLAs. Thus, increasing the number of arms leads to their stretching away from the center of the star‐shaped PLA macromolecule. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 4586–4599, 2005
RELAXANT EFFECT OF ADRENOMEDULLIN ON BOVINE ISOLATED IRIS SPHINCTER MUSCLE UNDER RESTING CONDITIONS
Authors: Uchikawa Y , Okano M , Sawada A , Asada Y , Kobayashi H , Wada A , Nao‐i N , Ohkura M , Tanaka N , Yamamoto R 
Published: August 2005

SUMMARY1. The mechanisms involved in the fine adjustment of iris sphincter muscle tone are largely unknown. The aim of the present study was to clarify the effects of adrenomedullin on the resting tension of the bovine isolated iris sphincter muscle.2. The motor activity of the bovine isolated iris sphincter muscle was measured isometrically. The effects of adrenomedullin on resting tension were analysed in the presence of indomethacin. The presence of adrenomedullin mRNA in the preparation was determined by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. Immunolabelling for adrenomedullin was also performed.3. Adrenomedullin significantly decreased the resting tension of the muscle. The relaxant effect of adrenomedullin was significantly inhibited by adrenomedullin (22–52), a putative antagonist for the adrenomedullin receptor, or calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) (8–37), a putative antagonist for the CGRP1 receptor. The relaxant effect was almost completely blocked by a combination of adrenomedullin (22–52) and CGRP (8–37).4. The relaxant effect of adrenomedullin was also significantly diminished by 2′,5′‐dideoxyadenosine, an inhibitor of adenylate cyclase, NG‐nitro‐l‐arginine, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis, or 1H‐[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3‐a]quinoxalin‐1‐one, an inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase.5. Reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that adrenomedullin mRNA was expressed in the muscle strip. Immunopositive staining for adrenomedullin was detected in blood vessel cells and in the iris sphincter muscle cells.6. These results suggest that adrenomedullin may be an autocrine and paracrine regulator of the resting tension of the iris sphincter muscle. Its biological effects may be due to the direct involvement of adrenomedullin receptors and also to the stimulation of CGRP1 receptors. The stimulation of these receptors by the peptide leads to the activation of adenylate cyclase and soluble guanylate cyclase and subsequent relaxation of the muscle strip.
Nasal lavage fluid concentrations of eotaxin‐1 (CCL11) in naturally occurring allergic rhinitis: relationship to disease activity, nasal luminal eosinophil influx, and plasma protein exudation
Authors: Salib R. J. , Lau L. C. , Howarth P. H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryBackground
Eotaxin‐1 (CCL11) is a CC chemokine whose nasal eosinophilic chemotactic activity in vivo and in vitro has been demonstrated primarily using nasal allergen challenge models. The extension of these challenge findings to the in vivo setting has been limited.Objective
To obtain nasal lavage fluid from volunteers with perennial and seasonal (in‐ and out‐of‐season) allergic rhinitis (AR) and non‐atopic non‐rhinitic controls for the measurement of eotaxin‐1 concentrations and to relate these findings to the symptomatic disease severity, the percentage of lavage eosinophils, and to α2‐macroglobulin (α2‐MG) lavage concentrations, as a marker of vascular permeability and an index of airway inflammation.Methods
Thirty‐seven volunteers with AR (16 seasonal and 21 perennial) and 20 non‐atopic non‐rhinitic volunteers were recruited and phenotyped. Nasal lavage fluid was obtained by standardized protocol. The nasal lavage fluid concentrations of eotaxin and α2‐MG were measured by ELISA, and differential cell counts performed on cytospins.Results
Eotaxin‐1 nasal lavage fluid concentrations were significantly higher in both the perennial and seasonal (in‐season) AR groups compared with the controls, and significantly related to the severity of symptom expression and to the percentage of lavage eosinophils. The lavage eosinophil counts were significantly higher in both the symptomatic rhinitis groups compared with the control groups and correlated with the lavage concentrations of α2‐MG. α2‐MG levels were significantly increased in seasonal (in‐season) rhinitics compared with both non‐atopic controls and seasonal (out‐of‐season) rhinitics. A significant correlation was observed between the levels of α2‐MG and levels of eotaxin in the symptomatic allergic rhinitic groups.Conclusions
This study clearly demonstrates the relevance of eotaxin‐1 to the pathogenesis of naturally occurring AR.
Interleukin‐13‐dependent bronchial hyper‐responsiveness following isolated upper‐airway allergen challenge in a murine model of allergic rhinitis and asthma
Authors: Wang Y. , McCusker C. T. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryBackground
We have previously shown that isolated allergic sensitization and challenge of the upper airway results in lower‐airway inflammation, which supports the concept of the united airways.Objective
This study investigates the hypothesis that isolated upper‐airway allergic sensitization is sufficient to induce bronchial hyper‐responsiveness (BHR), characteristic of asthma, and that IL‐13 is an essential mediator in both the upper and lower airways.Methods
BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged by intranasal instillation of allergen ovalbumin (OVA) using our standard protocol. BHR to methacholine was determined and inflammation in nares and lung was assessed.Results
Isolated intranasal application of allergen in awake animals resulted in almost exclusive deposition in the upper airways while in anaesthetized mice there was almost equal distribution in the upper and lower airways. We have demonstrated significant BHR to methacholine challenge in animals receiving OVA only in the upper airway. Also noted was concomitant increase in eosinophilic infiltrates in lung and nares as well as increased granulocytes and IL‐13 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Using a polyclonal anti‐IL‐13 antibody we have shown inhibition of airways inflammation, both in nares and in lung with significant reduction of granulocytes in BAL from anti‐IL‐13 treated mice (P<0.0001). Anti‐IL‐13 treatment also abrogates allergen‐induced BHR (P<0.01).Conclusion
These data suggest that isolated upper‐airway allergen deposition initiates allergic responses along the entire airway. IL‐13 mediates both airway inflammation and BHR and may play a role in the communication between the upper and lower airways.
Phosphorylation regulated ion‐binding is a property shared by the acidic subclass dehydrins
Authors: ALSHEIKH MUATH K. , SVENSSON JAN T. , RANDALL STEPHEN K. 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACTDehydrins are a family of proteins that accumulate in response to abiotic stresses. Little is known about the biochemical functions of these proteins. It is known that the Arabidopsis dehydrin, ERD14, is activated by phosphorylation to bind calcium and other ions. To begin to categorize the Arabidopsis dehydrins into functional families, we determined whether representative members of the dehydrin sub families share the properties of ERD14. When phosphorylated in vitro with casein kinase II; recombinant COR47, and ERD10 (and ERD14) become activated to bind calcium. ERD14 exhibited the highest calcium‐binding activity followed by ERD10 and COR47. These dehydrins, when isolated from cold‐treated Arabidopsis plants were also shown to have phosphorylation‐dependent, calcium‐binding activity. RAB18 showed very little calcium binding activity, even though it was phosphorylated by casein kinase II. XERO2 was not phosphorylated with CKII and did not bind calcium. Competition studies suggest that other divalent cations may bind to the dehydrins COR47, ERD10, and ERD14. Utilizing matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization – time of flight mass spectroscopy (MALDI‐TOF), we determined that the poly serine region located in all three calcium‐binding family members (COR47, ERD10, and ERD14) is the most likely phosphorylation site responsible for the activation of calcium binding. These results are consistent with a distinct biochemical function for the acidic subclass of dehydrins (COR47, ERD10, and ERD14) as ion (calcium)‐interacting proteins.