bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The mental health problems of elderly people living on London's streets
Authors: Crane Maureen 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThere are inconsistent research findings regarding the prevalence of mental illness in homeless individuals of all ages. Most studies, both in Britain and in America, have concentrated on homeless persons in hostels or shelters. A few American works have examined individuals sleeping on the streets but this is a neglected area of research in Britain. Very few studies have examined the prevalence of mental illness in elderly homeless persons. This article reports findings from a recent investigation of the mental health problems of elderly homeless people who were sleeping on the streets in central London. Through observation and interviews it appeared that a high proportion of these individuals had mental health problems. Whereas nearly half of the elderly men appeared to be depressed, the majority of women either portrayed thought disturbances or were identified as having severe memory problems.
Behavior assessment of older adults: A review of factor analytic studies and a proposed model
Authors: Sturmey Peter 
Published: December 2004

AbstractFactor analytic studies of behavior checklists used with elderly clients are reviewed. An analysis of the kinds of items contained in the measures and the kinds of populations studied is presented. Preliminary evidence was found for the robustness of three factors, here named adaptive behavior, extrapersonal maladaptive behavior, and memory and orientation. On the basis of this, a model of behavior in the elderly is proposed. Implications for future research and the design of behavior checklists are discussed.
Protection from clinical depression in medical long‐term care facilities: Evidence for psychologic adaptation in cognitively intact patients
Authors: Foster Jeffrey R. , Cataldo Janine K. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractA recent study in a medical long‐term care facility (LTCF) population demonstrated evidence of psychologic adaptation in a predominantly demented population. We have also reported evidence of such adaptation which lowered the risk of depression in an LTCF sample. The present study extends the adaptational variables for depression compares areas of agreement between the dementia and depression studies, reviews the adaptational construct, and suggests clinical applications targeted to primary prevention of depression in this setting.
Autopsy services for old age psychiatrists in england and wales: Benefits and problems
Authors: Benbow Emyr W. , Benbow Susan M. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractWe sought to determine the views of old age psychiatrists about the quality, benefits and drawbacks of their autopsy services, so a postal questionnaire was circulated to all individuals identified by the Royal College of Psychiatrists as providing old age psychiatry services in England and Wales. We found that many old age psychiatrists are aware of the potential benefits of autopsies, but many receive a service which is of poor quality. Some have difficulty in organizing hospital autopsies, and many found coroners' autopsies unhelpful, with the brain being ignored or examined only superficially. Poor descriptions of neuropathology are associated with autopsies carried out by general histopathologists, whereas neuropathologists are criticized for delayed reports. Better services might be provided if neuropathologists could be more closely involved, if only in the examination of brains removed by other pathologists.
Admission laboratory testing in elderly psychiatric patients without organic mental syndromes: Should it be routine?
Authors: Harms Herman H. , Hermans Peter 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe clinical benefit of and admission screening battery of laboratory tests, electrocardiogram, electroencephalogram and chest X‐ray was evaluated in a group of 227 elderly psychiatric patients without clinical evidence of dementia or other organic mental illness. Important contributions from the screening battery to clinical management were obtained only from measurement of blood glucose and thyroid function, and possibly also of red blood cell status, urinalysis and prostatic specific antigen. Given the very limited benefit of extensive screening batteries reported in the literature for psychiatric patients in general, and described in this study for elderly psychiatric patients without organic mental disorder, we suggest that such batteries should only be used in high(er) risk groups, which remain to be defined.
The structure of wandering in dementia
Authors: Hope Tony , Tilling Kathleen M. , Gedling Kathy , Keene Janet M. , Cooper Sandra D. , Fairburn Christopher G. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract‘Wandering’ is one of the most troublesome of behavioural problems in dementia. The term ‘wandering’ covers many different types of behaviour. We examined the hypothesis that the different types of wandering behaviour seen in dementia from a scale using data collected on 83 elderly subjects suffering from either Alzheimer's disease or multiinfarct dementia. We reject the scaling hypothesis. Our data suggest that there are three main categories of wandering behaviour, and that one of these categories is usefully divided into four subcategories.
Support networks and dementia
Authors: Wenger G. Clare 
Published: December 2004

AbstractBased on data from a sample of 4500+ people aged 65+ living in the community (ie not in residential care) in Liverpool, this article presents data on the availability of kin and levels of contact with family, friends neighbours and community groups, and compares the distribution of support network types of those identified as cases of dementia with non‐cases. It is shown that dementia sufferers are more likely to live with others and to have more contact with family members and less contact with friends, neighbours and community groups than non‐sufferers. It is also shown that the distribution of network type is distinctively different for cases and non‐cases and it is suggested that this reflects the greater ability of some types of network to support continued community residence in the face of the onset of dementia.
The validity of a caregiver‐rated brief behavior symptom rating scale (BSRS) for use in the cognitively impaired
Authors: Rabins Peter V. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe validity of a 12‐item brief behavioral symptom rating scale for use in the cognitively impaired was studied using nurse clinician ratings for criterion validity and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and Behavioral Scale of the Psychogeriatric Dependency Rating Scale for convergent validity. The scale is designed to be filled out by care providers and to meet the needs for a brief scale focused on behavioral symptoms.
Cognitive stimulation of patients with dementia: Preliminary results
Authors: Breuil Véronique , De Rotrou Jocelyne , Forette Françoise , Tortrat Daniele , Ganansia‐Ganem Annie , Frambourt Anne , Moulin Florence , Boller Fraņcois 
Published: December 2004

AbstractWe present the first results of a cognitive stimulation programme for patients with dementia. Fifty‐six subjects entered a study involving two parallel, randomized groups. Assessment was blind for the main criteria (neuropsychological tests). Twenty‐nine patients were stimulated and were compared to 27 non‐stimulated patients. The stimulated group attended 10 stimulation sessions over 5 weeks. Each group was assessed on the first and seventh week. Following stimulation, there was significant improvement of Mini‐Mental State (MMS) scores (p < 0.01) and increased performance for the Word List Memory Test (one‐tailed p = 0.09) in the Consortium to establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) battery. Verbal fluency remained unchanged. Stimulation tended to improve items of an additional battery (one‐tailed p < 0.01). The composite sum of test scores showed a significant difference in favour of the stimulated group. These results were positively correlated with the initial MMS scores and negatively with education. The Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale did not show a significant change. We concluded that global stimulation of cognitive functions improves certain parameters among demented outpatients.
Physical dependency and dementia in nhs continuing care wards and contracted nhs beds in voluntary nursing homes
Authors: Shah Ajit , Phongsathorn Virach , George Collette , Bielawska Celia , Katona Cornelius 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAll patients in hospital based and voluntary nursing home based National Health Service (NHS) continuing care geriatric beds in one London Health District were screened for psychiatric morbidity and physical dependency. They were followed‐up at one year. Patients in hospital based continuing care beds had more severe dementia and physical dependency and higher mortality rates than those in voluntary nursing home based NHS continuing care beds. The implications of these findings are discussed in the light of governmental policy to encourage growth of private and voluntary sector nursing homes.
Comparison of clinical state, retrospective informant interview and the neuropathologic diagnosis of alzheimer's disease
Authors: Thomas L. D. , Gonzales M. F. , Chamberlain A. , Beyreuther K. , Masters C. L. , Flicker L. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThis study compared clinical diagnosis of dementia derived from medical records and a retrospective version of the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) against the criterion of neuropathology. Subjects comprised 50 consecutive patients who died in a geriatric hospital in Melbourne and underwent necropsy. All informants were seen within 3.5 years of death. Discordance between clinical and pathological diagnosis occurred in seven (14%) cases. The IQCODE scores for the group with a clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (mean ± SD) were 4.28 ± 0.78 and were significantly different from the non‐demented group, 3.39 ± 0.51, p < 0.001. Similarly, IQCODE scores were significantly different between the groups with and without a pathologic diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, 4.21 ± 0.70 and 3.51 ± 0.79 respectively, p < 0.01. Using immunohistochemical techniques instead of conventional methods to make a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, there were significant differences in IQCODE scores between the Alzheimer's group, 4.13 ± 0.83, and the group with normal neuropathology, 3.45 ± 0.54, p < 0.01. These data support the conclusion that when used retrospectively, the IQCODE is a valid screening test for dementia using neuropathological diagnosis as the criterion.
The sixth congress of the international psychogeriatric association, 5–10 September 1993, Berlin
Authors: Treloar Adrian , Philpot Micheal 
Published: December 2004

Abstract‘All around the globe the hearts of psychogeriatricians are beating synchronously as they strive together to further the cause of old age psychiatry in an academic world without frontiers.’ (Paraphrasing Dr Sanford Finkel, President of the IPA).
White matter hyperintensities in healthy older adults: A longitudinal study
Authors: Wohl Marcy A. , Mehringer C. Mark , Lesser Ira M. , Boone Kyle B. , Miller Bruce L. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractA 3‐year longitudinal study was conducted using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine the progression of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and ventricle‐to‐brain ratio (VBR) in 16 healthy older adults. We found that, as a group, the subjects' WMH showed little progression over a 3‐year period, but their VBR significantly increased during that same period of time. This increase occurred in healthy older adults who did not develop serious medical problems during the course of the 3‐year study. In two of the subjects, with the largest increases in both WMH and VBR, there was a change in their health status.
The mental health of older people in rio de janeiro
Authors: Veras Renato P. , Murphy Elaine 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe main findings are presented of a prevalence study of mental health problems (organic brain syndrome and depression) in the elderly population of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Three districts in the city were surveyed—Copacabana, Meier and Santa Cruz–chosen using a set of socioeconomic indicators to identify rich, middle income and poor areas. Validity and reliability studies of the survey instrument were carried out in Copacabana. Prevalence results for organic brain syndrome (OBS) were 5.95% in Copacabana, 9.84% in Meier and 29.75% in Santa Cruz, while results for depression were 22.62%, 19.67% and 35.12% respectively. The methodological problems of the survey which influence confidence in the results are discussed. Dependence and loss of autonomy in elderly people were strongly associated with organic brain syndrome and depression. The results are compared with those in the other Brazilian and international studies.
Memory performance, self‐reported memory loss and depressive symptoms in attenders at a GP‐referral and a self‐referral memory clinic
Authors: Barker Andrew , Carter Carol , Jones Roy 
Published: December 2004

AbstractReports of declining memory are common with increasing age. Sometimes these are corroborated by poor memory test performance, but often they appear to be more closely related to depressive symptomatology. As pharmacological treatments emerge for improving cognition in the elderly, understanding the aetiology of memory complaints will become increasingly important. This article compares memory performance, reports of memory loss and depressive symptoms in attenders at a GP‐referral and a self‐referral memory clinic, with age‐ and sex‐matched community controls. The GP‐referred patients were older, had lower MMSE scores and had levels of memory complaint and depression between the control and self‐referred subjects. The self‐referrers had cognitive test performance similar to community controls but complained more of memory loss, were more depressed and more frequently reported a past history of treated depression. Self‐presentation of memory complaint appears to be more closely related to affective and possibly personality factors than memory test performance.
Psychiatric hospitalization of senile, presenile and arteriosclerotic dementia patients in israel: A psychiatric case register study
Authors: Heinik Jeremia , Popper Miriam , Hes Josef Ph. , Avnon Moshe , Barak Yoram 
Published: December 2004

AbstractMost dementia patients in Israel are cared for by non‐psychiatric services. Psychiatric hospitals are generally reluctant to admit behaviourally disturbed dementia patients, unless it is for appropriate psychiatric reasons and for a transient period of time. We used national Psychiatric Case Register (PCR) data to examine the implementation of these criteria in a sample of 711 dementia patients (senile and arteriosclerotic). Results suggest that: (a) in about a third of senile patients and in nearly half of arteriosclerotics no primarily treatable, psychiatric symptoma‐tology was diagnosed; (b)most admissions were not on a psychiatric emergency basis; (c)inpatient stay of dementia patients was longer than the average psychiatric admission. These patients were usually transferred to a non psychiatric facility or to a general hospital, or died in the psychiatric hospital. We conclude that the subject of psychiatric hospitalization of dementia patients in Israel needs substantial revision.
Mortality after bereavement: An analysis of mortality rates and associations with mortality 13 years after bereavement
Authors: Bowling Ann 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe mortality rates of a national sample of 505 elderly people who were widowed in 1979 were analysed. Over the 13 1/4‐year period analysed, 62% of the sample had died. Although earlier analyses had indicated excess mortality in the first 6 months of bereavement for men aged 75+, there were no other significant excess mortality rates over the 13 1/4‐year period. Mortality was analysed in relation to the demographic characteristics of the whole sample and in relation to the inerview data on physical, social and psychological characteristics of the responders in 1979. Logistic regression analysis showed that age, sex and functional ability were the strongest predictors of mortality, and frequency of telephone contacts was only significant for the younger widowed.
Dementia and crime: A forensic psychiatry unit study in israel
Authors: Heinik Jeremiah , Kimhi Robert , Hes Josef Ph. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe psychiatric files of the 57 consecutive defendants aged 60+ referred by court for psychiatric examination at the Forensic Psychiatry Unit at the Y. Abarbanel Mental Health Center in the period 1982–1992 were retrospectively evaluated. The objectives were as follows: (a) to compare some assessment aspects of dementia patients with those of psychotics and personality disorders; (b) to compare how the questions of competency to stand trial, legal responsibility and competency to be sentenced were differentially approached. Of the 57 elderly patients surveyed, 17 (30%) suffered from dementia, 14 (25%) from a functional psychosis and 16 (28%) from a personality disorder. These three groups of psychiatric patients were found to be quite similar regarding the demographic and criminal variables studied. However, dementia patients occupied an intermediate position between the psychotics and personality disorders when assessment characteristics, psychiatric and legal recommendations to the court were considered.
Day hospitals: The case in favour
Authors: Howard Robert 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe day hospital constitutes an integral and valued component of the old age psychiatry service provided by the majority of units in the United Kingdom. Changes in the political climate, vogues for alternative forms of care provision and a lamentable lack of hard evidence that day hospitals present the best use of resources have led to serious questioning of their future by most who have written in recent years on the subject. The issue should not be ‘day hospitals are wonderful; other systemls are not’ (or vice versa), but that the day hospital should be seen as an available option with its own particular benefits alongside other hospital‐based and community components of a good service. Advocates of day hospitals should continually review staffing mix and structure to ensure the best use of professional skills.
Visual hallucinosis in non‐delusional elderly
Authors: Beck Jennifer , Harris M. Jackuelyn 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe goal of this article was to review the literature on visual hallucinations (VH) and, more specifically, the association of visual perceptual disorders with age, specific pathologies that are etiologically related to the VH, the anatomical location of the pathology, and the relation of the characteristics of the VH to the pathology and location of the lesions and, in addition, the importance of insight in the differential diagnosis of the VH. A total of 45 articles, representing 117 cases dating from 1940 to 1991, were reviewed. This review, although relying on information provided retrospectively, includes cases of VH from all disciplines and attempts to identify characteristics associated with this disorder. Our review does show an increased frequency of VH in the elderly, with almost 50% of the case reports in the past 50 years occurring in patients in their seventh and eighth decades. There was a large differential diagnosis of VH and there may be multifactorial causality. Eye pathology was the most frequent association with VH in patients over age 60 in our review, with cataracts accounting for over half of the cases reported within this group. Our review confirms that VH can occur as a result of a lesion anywhere within the visual perceptual system—from the lens to the association cortex.
The detection and prevalence of iron deficiency in long‐stay psychogeriatric patients
Authors: Treloar Adrian J. , White Daniel P. , Crook Martin A. , Philpot Michael P. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe prevalence and clinical diagnosis of iron deficiency was studied in 55 long‐stay psychogeriatric patients. Iron deficiency was found in 29% of the sample and there was a trend for iron deficiency to be more common among patients with functional as opposed to organic psychiatric conditions. There were no clinical signs that could reliably detect iron deficiency and neither serum ferritin nor iron saturation studies detected more than 63% of iron‐deficient patients. The importance and cost of detecting iron deficiency is discussed together with the need for attention to patients' dietary intake and physical state.
Audit of the use of the mental health act in a psychogeriatric hospital
Authors: Feehan C. J. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe question of detaining elderly mentally ill patients against their wishes raises many ethically difficult questions. The author conducted a survey of the extent and purpose of the use of the Mental Health Act (1983) in a particular psychogeriatric hospital, focusing on the circumstances in which it was used, how often patients or relatives appealed against its use and the outcome of the appeal. The author found that the Mental Health Act was used in only 5% of patients, and Section 5(2) was used only once. This stands in marked contrast to the use of Section 5(2) in adult general psychiatry, where one survey found it to be used in 7.2% of patients (pourgourides et al., 1992). The powers of the Mental Health Act in the population the author studied were most frequently evoked to detain and treat patients who were suffering from self‐neglect secondary to their mental illness rather than to prevent them from wandering and coming to harm. It would appear that in this population, the Mental Health Act is used to facilitate admission for assessment and treatment; once admitted, patients can successfully be managed without the need for further recourse to the Mental Health Act. Very few patients or relatives appealed against their detention, and in no case was the appeal successful.
Does anyone know what medication the patient should be taking?
Authors: Anderson David N. , Prunty Nora , Partridge Malcolm , Sexton John 
Published: December 2004

AbstractFifty consecutive psychogeriatric clinic attenders were studied to establish the ability of doctors and patient/carers to give an accurate medication history at clinic appointments. Patient/carers were unable to give accurate accounts of prescribed medication in 62% of cases, the clinic doctor in 62% and the general practitioner in 67%. The implications of this failure to convey information related to current medications and methods of improving this situation are discussed.