bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Globalization, Regionalization, and the Knowledge‐Based Economy in Hong Kong
Authors: Enright Michael J. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe Hong Kong economy has been influenced by globalization, regionalization, and the emergence of the knowledge‐based economy perhaps more than any other. Hong Kong is unique in terms of its geographical location, its position in global production and service networks, its openness to market forces, and its history. As a result, it has been able to take advantage of globalization to develop a regional economy that is among the world's most knowledge intensive. This development has created one of the world's most prosperous economies, but it also has left Hong Kong vulnerable to external shocks such as the economic crisis that began to grip Asia in the middle of 1997. This chapter examines these issues.
Towards a Theory of Regional Policy
Authors: Gray H. Peter , Dunning John H. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractOffers a theory of regional policy—or more accurately, a theory of policy, at various levels of governance, to deal with the allocation of resources and capabilities between and within subnational spatial areas, which, themselves, may vary considerably in size and function. The necessary building blocks for the theory of regional policy are outlined, and a model of subnational regional policy is presented, operationalized, and extended. Regional policy in a system of knowledge capitalism is discussed, and the dynamic aspects of competition among microregions are addressed.
Silicon Valley and the Resurgence of Route 128: Systems Integration and Regional Innovation
Authors: Best Michael H. 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
Seeks to address an explanation for the decline and subsequent resurgence of Route 28, the first high‐technology manufacturing region of the USA, in Massachusetts. The decline was combined with the emergence of Silicon Valley (California), which was based on a completely different business model. It is suggested that both the decline and resurgence of Route 28 can be explained in terms of the emergence of a new competitive advantage. This advantage is based on the principle of systems integration in which the old vertical integration model has been transcended by an open system of specialist firms. This thesis is discussed.
Global Integration, EMU, and Monetary Governance in the European Union: The Political Economy of the ‘Stability Culture’
Authors: Underhill Geoffrey R. D. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractAims to set the context for this volume, examining the relationship between the EU as a monetary space and the global monetary and financial system, and the implications of this relationship for the Euro‐zone member states and corporate governance. It elaborates four arguments: first, that there exist strong incentives for policy‐makers at national and EU levels to show a ‘benign neglect’ in their management of the euro's exchange rate; second, that these incentives are reinforced by a lack of clear institutional responsibility for such management; third, that there are considerable pressures for convergence defined less in terms of post‐war forms of socio‐democratic consensus, and more in terms of Anglo‐American, market‐led adjustment processes; and fourth, that these processes are themselves being reinforced by developments in corporate restructuring and models of corporate governance. These arguments combine to place the ‘stability culture’ on a narrow monetary basis—if it is not good enough, for enough of the people, enough of the time, then it will be in jeopardy.
The Political Economy of Fiscal Policy Under Monetary Union
Authors: McKay David 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThis chapter has three objectives: first, to outline the ways in which the fiscal dimension is likely to change the nature of domestic politics in European states; second, to place these changes in a comparative context by reference to the experience of established federal states; and third, to speculate on the ways in which fiscal changes are likely to change the ways in which domestic political actors operate in the context of the institutional framework of the EU. Space limitations preclude a comprehensive coverage of these points. It is not intended to draw systematic distinctions between member states; the country chapters in this volume help provide this detail. Instead, the purpose is to draw on those theoretical perspectives generated by recent research in economics and political science that provide the basis for informed judgements on the effects of EMU on national polities in general and on national fiscal regimes in particular.
Britain and EMU
Authors: Gamble Andrew , Kelly Gavin 
Published: October 2003

AbstractExplores the impact of EMU on British politics by examining, first, the structures and policies of the British state; second, the political parties and public opinion; third, the evolution of British policy towards European economic integration from the ERM (exchange rate mechanism) to the euro; fourth, discourses and identities in public debate; and finally, the strategic options now facing the UK.
EMU: A Danish Delight and Dilemma
Authors: Marcussen Martin 
Published: October 2003

AbstractInvestigates the various ways in which Danish policies have adjusted towards EMU. The process of adaptation has taken place gradually and almost unnoticed by the broader population. Although the European issue has been widely discussed in Denmark since the early 1970s, issues such as capital liberalization, the Europeanization of corporatism, and of the Social Democratic Party, and the emergence of an ideational elite consensus about the ‘sound policy’ paradigm have not been on the public agenda. The public debates have been about narrow economic benefits resulting from European integration, not about visions for the national and European polities.
The French State in the Euro‐Zone: ‘Modernization’ and Legitimizing Dirigisme
Authors: Howarth David 
Published: October 2003

AbstractExamines the contribution of EMU to the Europeanization of the French state, and falls into two parts. First, it examines the discursive and ideological structure underpinning and shaping the impact of EMU on French state structures, policy regimes and policies. This discursive structure is shaped principally by a conservative liberalism—in the ascendant, given the economic constraints reinforced by monetary integration—and a rearguard interventionism. Second, substantive state reforms and the strategic behaviour of French policy‐makers in the Euro‐zone reflect the dialectic between these two ideologies. This dialectic and the substantive reforms have contributed to reshaping French state identity. The French decision to embrace EMU should also be seen in terms of French strategy to increase monetary policy‐making power in relation to both the Germans and the Americans.
The Italian State and the Euro: Institutions, Discourse, and Policy Regimes
Authors: Radaelli Claudio 
Published: October 2003

AbstractExamines the extent to which EMU has changed Italy's economic policy institutions, and seeks to shed light on the type of change involved by discussing two rival hypotheses—of ‘simple coping strategies’ and of ‘paradigmatic response’, which can also be respectively described in terms of ‘simple’ and ‘thick’ learning. The former type denotes a gradual incremental process, whereas the latter denotes a discontinuous jump towards new ways of organizing knowledge. The chapter discusses when, why, and how actors responded to EMU and with what effects, distinguishing between elite behaviour at the constitutive level and its communicative discourse directed at the mass public.
The Netherlands and EMU: A Small Open Economy in Search of Prosperity
Authors: Verdun Amy 
Published: October 2003

AbstractExamines how EMU has affected Dutch economic and monetary policy. First, it summarizes the Dutch view of EMU since the late 1960s, and indicates how European economic and monetary integration served specific Dutch aims. Second, it discusses structural changes and retrenchment in the Netherlands from the early 1980s through the 1990s, leading to the Polder model; it assesses whether the Dutch model is equipped to deal with the constraints of EMU, and how far the process has changed Dutch attitudes to economic policy‐making. Third, it examines Dutch attitudes to EMU after the Maastricht Treaty, and the extent of active Dutch participation in the European integration process. The final sections review the impact of EMU on Dutch society and sense of place within Europe.
Politics, Banks, and Financial Market Governance in the Euro‐Zone
Authors: Moran Michael 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe focus of this chapter is on processes—both, those that produced EMU and those that provide financial market governance in the new institutions that EMU has produced—and on the relationship between the key concepts of Europeanization, convergence, and divergence. The substantive argument is that the creation of the Euro‐zone represents the triumph of a particular mode of financial market governance, which both, elevates the management of financial markets to the pinnacle of economic policy‐making, and insulates the development of policy from the institutions of liberal democracy. In doing so, it represents the triumph of the ‘high politics’ tendency in financial market governance and the defeat of the ‘low politics’ tendency.
The Euro and Labour Market and Wage Policies
Authors: Crouch Colin 
Published: October 2003

AbstractAssesses the capacity of national‐level labour‐market institutions to adapt to developments within the Euro‐zone, and how far the move towards a single currency might provoke or obstruct the coordination of its labour markets. Perhaps its most striking conclusion, which contradicts the zero‐sum assumption that power gained by the EU is lost to member states, is that the re‐nationalization of industrial relations systems that has been provoked by EMU can co‐exist positively with, rather than undermine, the potential growth of Europe‐wide coordination.
Why EMU Is—or May Be—Good for European Welfare States
Authors: Rhodes Martin 
Published: October 2003

AbstractArgues that the commonly expressed fear, that EMU will contribute to the decline of welfare states in Europe, is not clearly borne out by the historical evidence, and that it may even possibly come to show positive effects in contributing to a new architecture for a coordinated welfare policy. The argument proceeds in four stages. First, it contests the assumption that EMU is a ‘neo‐liberal’ project inherently inconsistent with the preservation of large, re‐distributive welfare states. Second, it shows that, while there have been some corrective adjustments linked to public sector debt reduction, there has been no ‘downward convergence’ in welfare spending. Third, it argues that the Stability and Growth Pact implies no mechanisms inherently adverse to the welfare state, and that EMU implies no weakening of the capacity of Europe's social and employment systems to cope with external shocks. Finally, it considers the experimental development of a new capacity at EU‐level to coordinate broad macroeconomic objectives with social and employment policies.
Perception and Reason
Authors: Brewer Bill 
Published: October 2003

AbstractDiscusses the role of conscious experiences in the acquisition of empirical knowledge. Most epistemology of perception takes a person's possession of beliefs about the mind‐independent world for granted and goes on to ask what further conditions these beliefs must meet if they are to be cases of knowledge. I argue that this approach is completely mistaken. Perceptual experiences must provide reasons for empirical beliefs if there are to be any determinate beliefs about particular objects in the world at all. So there are epistemic requirements upon the very possibility of empirical belief. The crucial epistemological role of experience lies in its essential contribution to the subject's understanding of certain perceptual demonstrative contents, simply grasping which provides him with a reason to endorse them in belief. I explain in detail how this is so; defend my position against a wide range of objections; compare and contrast it with a number of influential alternative views in the area; and bring out its connection with Russell's Principle of Acquaintance, and its consequences for the compatibility of content externalism with an adequate account of self‐knowledge.
Historical‐Epistemological Context
Authors: Brewer Bill 
Published: October 2003

AbstractSets out the epistemological context for my enquiry, by outlining the key moves in a formative phase of its historical development: the writings of Descartes, Locke, Hume, Reid, and Kant. My purpose here is not to engage in the detailed exegesis and interpretation of these philosophers’ views, but to delineate the space of live options in the area, and to point out some dead ends.
Belief and Experience
Authors: Brewer Bill 
Published: October 2003

AbstractOffers the Strawson Argument for the claim, (1), that the most basic beliefs about the spatial world have their contents only in virtue of their standing in certain relations with perceptual experiences. Only an experiential presentation of the particular mind‐independent thing in question suffices to tie down knowledgeable reference to spatial particulars in the face of the permanent epistemic possibility of massive qualitative reduplication of any sector of the physical world elsewhere in the universe. So the possibility of beliefs about mind‐independent particulars depends upon the most basic such beliefs’ standing in certain content‐fixing relations with perceptual experiences of the objects in question.
Epistemological Consequences and Criticisms
Authors: Brewer Bill 
Published: October 2003

AbstractDraws out the fatal consequences of thesis (R) for any reliabilist account of perceptual knowledge; also contains extended critical discussions of the classical foundationalistand classical coherentistattempts to elucidate the truth of (R). Both of these are attempts to give what I call a second‐orderaccount, on which perceptual experiences provide reasons for empirical beliefs only in virtue of the subject's second‐order reflection upon the reliability of the first‐order process by which such experiences produce such beliefs, where the first and second orders are independent of each other in the sense that he might equally have acquired the same beliefs by just the same first‐order method yet not have had the second‐order knowledge in question. In order to give a satisfying elucidation of the truth of (R), then, as I believe we must, we should look to a first‐orderaccount, on which the truth of (R) emerges directly out of a correct account of a person's possession of certain beliefs about the mind‐independent world around him, out of an elaboration of what is involved in his grasping their determinate empirical contents, rather than from any independent requirement upon his second‐order reflection upon the process by which he acquires such beliefs.
Reasons Require Conceptual Contents
Authors: Brewer Bill 
Published: October 2003

AbstractArgues that reasons require conceptual contents. That is to say, a person has a reason for believing something only if he is in some mental state or other with a representational content that is characterizable only in terms of concepts that the subject himself must possess and that is of a form that enables it to serve as a premiss or the conclusion of a deductive argument, or of an inference of some other kind (e.g. inductive or abductive).
The Rational Role of Perceptual Experiences
Authors: Brewer Bill 
Published: October 2003

AbstractAsks how exactly perceptual experiences do provide reasons for empirical beliefs. My answer is that they furnish the subject with certain essentially experiential demonstrative contents—‘that is thus’ (fully conceptual, as they must be)—his grasp of which provides him with a reason to endorse them in belief. For a person's grasp of such contents, as referring to the mind‐independent objects that they do, and predicating the mind‐independent properties that they do, essentially involves his appreciation of them as the joint upshot of the way things are anyway, in the mind‐independent world around him, and his current point of view upon them and other relevant circumstances of perception. That is to say, he necessarily understands that his current apprehension that things are thus is in part due to the very fact that they are. He therefore recognizes the relevant content ashis apprehension of the facts, his epistemic opennessto the way things mind‐independently are out there.
The Epistemological Outlook
Authors: Brewer Bill 
Published: October 2003

AbstractAims to clarify the epistemological outlook that arises from my positive elucidation of the truth of (R), and also to offer further defence against a number of key objections. Firstly, I explain the position of my own views in the context of the standard opposition between foundationalist and coherentist theories of perceptual knowledge. This brings out precisely the sense in which I succeed in capturing the ‘undeniable datum’ with which I begin Ch. 2, that perception is a basicsource of knowledge about the mind‐independent spatial world. Secondly, I go on to consider two broadly sceptical objections, firstly, from the possibility of perceptual imagination, and secondly, from the possibility of perceptual error. Thirdly, I consider whether my own position is in any way susceptible to objections parallel to those that I myself direct at its classical foundationalist opponents. Fourthly, and finally, I discuss the way in which I am able to capture the intuitive phenomenon of a foreground and background in perceptual consciousness: surely far more is, in some sense ‘experienced’ by a person in perception that is the subject matter of any (conceptual) perceptual demonstrative content that is in the market to be endorsed by him in belief.
Developments and Consequences
Authors: Brewer Bill 
Published: October 2003

AbstractDiscusses a number of developments and consequences of my position. Firstly, there is the very important issue of the relation between the basic, essentially experiential, perceptual demonstrative contents that I have been considering up to this point, and the more detached, linguistically articulated and categorized judgements that a person more standardly makes on the basis of perception, and that constitute the normal expression of his perceptual knowledge about the world around him. Secondly, I argue that my account entails a version of Russell's Principle of Acquaintance (1917: 159), which I elucidate, on which singular reference is possible only to objects about which the subject is in a position to acquire, or to express, non‐inferential knowledge Thirdly, I exploit this version of the Principle of Acquaintance to provide what seems to me to be a fully satisfying response to an important objection to the possibility of combining a so‐called externalist theory of empirical content, of the kind that I myself favour and draw on in my account of perceptual knowledge, with a plausible account of a person's knowledge of the contents of his own beliefs.
Thinking about Knowing
Authors: Rosenberg Jay 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThis book offers an unorthodox, systematic view of the relationships among the concepts of knowledge, truth, and justification. It articulates and defends a conception of knowledge as adequately justified belief. We correctly judge that S knows that p, whenever, from our de facto epistemic perspective, we judge S able adequately to justify his belief that p. A further ‘truth requirement’ is arguably vacuous and idle, since truth can function neither as the goal of enquiry nor as a constraining condition on any determinate epistemic policy or practice. The corresponding conception of justification is both proceduralist—what are fundamentally justified or unjustified are epistemic conducts and practices—and internalist—a person's belief is justified only to the extent that she is in a position to justify it. Enquiry is correlatively understood as always addressed to determinate questions, properly raised only within a context of defeasible, but settled background beliefs that guide and constrain the procedures and norms of epistemic activity. The theses that matter‐of‐factual knowledge both needs and has available incorrigible foundations are consequently rejected in favour of a resolute anti‐scepticism coupled with a thoroughgoing fallibilism.
The Myth of Cartesian Scepticism: Dreaming, Doubts, and Epistemic Closure
Authors: Rosenberg Jay F. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractOffers a critical assessment of Descartes's arguments for external‐world scepticism. Even granted charitable exegetical concessions, the arguments prove to be neither intuitive nor compelling. The same holds true for contemporary sceptical reasonings in the Cartesian style, including those based on epistemic ‘closure principles’ and our inability to rule out particular sceptical scenarios.
The Myth of Cartesian Certainty: Epoché and Inner Sense
Authors: Rosenberg Jay F. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractCritically addresses the notion of certainty that ostensibly attaches to immediate experience in consequence of its radical subjectivity. Neither Descartes's cogito nor Kant's notion of ‘inner sense’ issues in substantial incorrigible beliefs. Both rather yield either judgements that are trivially ‘infallible’ by virtue of making no truth‐claim or reports of perceptual experiences that do not exclude the possibility of error. The illusion of subjective incorrigibility results from the fact that ordinary judgements of appearance combine both of these aspects.
Immediate Knowledge: The New Dialectic of Givenness
Authors: Rosenberg Jay F. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractDiscusses epistemic foundationalism. Examines the confrontation between Wilfrid Sellars's critique of the ‘Myth of the Given’ and William Alston's defence of ‘immediate knowledge’, and explores and endorses Sellars's strong epistemic internalism and the integrated normative accounts of justification, language‐mastery, concept‐possession, and perceptual experience that support it. The proceduralist thesis that the activity of justifying is prior to the state of being justified is elucidated and defended.
Everyday Knowledge: When Does S Know That P?
Authors: Rosenberg Jay F. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractAddresses the classical ‘justified true belief’ account of knowledge. Examines Robert Fogelin's reinterpretation of the traditional analysis as conjoining assessments of epistemic propriety and truth‐determinativeness, and the diagnosis of Gettier problems suggested by it. A perspectivalist revision of Fogelin's account is advanced, defended, and distinguished from widespread ‘contextualist’ views. Concludes with a demonstration that the revised analysis avoids various forms of scepticism.
Hegel's Idea of Freedom
Authors: Patten Alan 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe book offers the first full‐length treatment in English of Hegel's idea of freedom. It explores his theory of what it is for an individual to be free and his account of the social and political contexts in which freedom is developed, realized, and sustained. The book investigates a number of central questions concerning Hegel's ethics and political theory. Is Hegel's outlook unacceptably conservative? Can freedom be equated with rational self‐determination? Is there any special connection between freedom and citizenship? By offering interpretations of Hegel's views on these and other questions, the book develops a novel ‘civic humanist’ reading of Hegel's social philosophy, one that restores to its proper, central place Hegel's idea of freedom. The book is written in a clear and jargon‐free style and will be of interest to anyone concerned with Hegel's ethical, social, and political thought and the sources of contemporary ideas about freedom, community, and the state.