bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Riddles of Nerses Shnorhali in the Yaysmawurk Collections
Authors: Khachatryan Ovsanna 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The article is dedicated to the riddles by St. Nerses Shnorhali that are included in the Yaysmawurk (hereafter Synaxarium) collections. We have attempted to show that the inclusion of riddles in these collections is not a result of chance but has a specific purpose. All of the Synaxarium collections examined within the scope of this article were edited by Grigor Khlatetsi. This fact, along with several other key pieces of evidence, indicates that the inclusion of riddles into the Synaxarium collections was carried out by Khlatetsi, and that this occurred at the beginning of the 15th century. By incorporating riddles, Khlatetsi aimed to make the Synaxarium more accessible to the general public and to facilitate the understanding of the Lives of the Saints, given that the Synaxarium collections served as pedagogical tool for a period. Thus, by incorporating riddles into the Synaxarium collections, Khlatetsi established a distinctive genre juxtaposition that is unique within the Armenian medieval literature.
Do Unwanted Births Affect the Educational Well-Being of Indian Children? Evidence from a Panel Study
Authors: Paul Ronak , Rashmi Rashmi 
Published: February 2025

In India, the occurrence of unwanted births is linked to the growing preference for smaller family sizes, revealing a gap between family planning goals and effective contraception. While previous studies have acknowledged the adverse health outcomes of unwanted births, there is limited literature on their impact on educational well-being. This study examines the effect of unwanted births on the educational well-being of Indian children, using data from the India Human Development Survey panel of 6,575 children aged 1–4 in 2005, followed up in 2012. Using the principal component factor analysis and propensity score matching, we found that unwanted births significantly reduce both objective and subjective educational well-being scores. Additionally, improved sanitation, higher socioeconomic status, and greater educational attainment among adults, especially females, in households were associated with better educational outcomes. The findings highlight the importance of effective family planning programmes to reduce unwanted births and enhance child development in India. JEL Codes: C31, C38, C52, I24, J13, Y8
The efficacy of vortioxetine in the acute treatment of major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Berardelli Isabella , Rogante Elena , Formica Federico , Iannazzo Riccardo , Mammoliti Attilio Valerio , Riccioni Raffaele , Veizi Skender , McIntyre Roger S , Pompili Maurizio 
Published: February 2025

Background: Among the available pharmacological treatments for acute major depressive disorder (MDD), vortioxetine, a serotonin transporter inhibitor (SERT), has been widely used for its multimodal action on serotonin neurotransmission, which produces essential changes also on glutamate, gamma amino butyric acid (GABA), norepinephrine, acetylcholine, and dopamine. Aim: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the acute efficacy of vortioxetine across multiple dosing and to evaluate whether there is a dose–response effect and as well there is a dose–response issue with respect to side effects in acute depression. Methods: According to PRISMA guidelines, we systematically searched three major electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) for Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) studies published between January 2013 and April 2024. Twenty-four studies were included in the review and two meta-analyses were conducted to determine whether the mean Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) scale values in the placebo groups differ significantly from the mean MADRS scale values in the group receiving vortioxetine 10 mg or vortioxetine 20 mg. Results: Vortioxetine significantly improved acute depression severity, anxiety symptoms, and cognitive function, with high response and remission rates in acute MDD. It was also well tolerated with a relatively low occurrence of severe or serious treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs). Observing the results of the meta-analysis, the effect was significant for both vortioxetine 10 and 20 mg, with a greater effect size for vortioxetine 20 mg. Conclusion: Vortioxetine should be considered efficacious as a first- and second-line therapy.
Acute Kidney Injury and Mortality Predictors of Systemic Autoimmune Diseases and Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Single Centre Observational Study from India
Authors: Nasar Ariba , Aslam Mohd. , Ansari Ahmad Ghayas 
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Systemic autoimmune diseases are known to have a significant impact on renal function, with varying degrees of severity that can influence overall patient outcomes. This study aims to assess the impact of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) on the renal outcomes associated with the spectrum of systemic autoimmune diseases. Material and Methods: This observational study was conducted in Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh, from 1 November 2020 to 31 October 2021, to evaluate outcomes in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases and COVID-19 who developed acute kidney injury (AKI). Results: A total of 129 patients with systemic autoimmune diseases were admitted, out of which 51 patients with AKI were included in the study. Of those, 18 patients were COVID-19 RT-PCR positive. The most common systemic autoimmune disorder observed was systemic lupus nephritis (35.3%) followed by rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (19.6%) and seronegative spondyloarthropathy (SpA) (17.6%). The most common renal manifestation observed was drug-induced kidney injury (37.2%) followed by lupus nephritis (29.4%), thrombotic microangiopathy (7.8%) and renal artery stenosis (7.8%). Patients who were COVID-19 RT-PCR positive ( P <.01), those who required inotropic support ( P <.01), ventilatory support ( P <.01), Intensive Care Unit admission ( P <.01), haemodialysis ( P <.01) and with peripheral oxygen saturation <94% at presentation ( P <.01), were significantly associated with mortality. The need for ventilatory support was observed as an independent predictor of mortality in patients with renal involvement and COVID-19 ( P <.01). Conclusion: The present study sheds light on the outcome of AKI in systemic autoimmune diseases and COVID-19, with the use of ventilatory support significantly contributing to mortality.
Unraveling the causal role of sleep traits in development of diabetic retinopathy: A UK Biobank observational study and Mendelian randomization
Authors: Huang Yikeng , Xu Xiaoyin , Zhang Xinyu , Zhu Xinyu , Li Bo , Ma Mingming , Zhou Chuandi , Gu Chufeng , Jiang Yujin , Wu Yanlin , Zheng Zhi , Zhao Shuzhi 
Published: February 2025

Aims To evaluate the potential causal role of sleep traits (STs) on diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods The cross-sectional study included 23,851 patients with type 2 diabetes from the UK Biobank and used multivariate logistic models to investigate the observational association between STs and DR. Genetic correlation analysis and two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) were conducted using ST data from the UK Biobank and DR data from the FinnGen consortium to investigate the genetic and causal associations between STs and DR. Results Patients who experienced daytime sleepiness often/all of the time had a higher risk for DR (OR: 1.40; 95% CI, 1.09–1.79; p = .008) compared with those who sometimes/never/rarely experienced daytime sleepiness. Genetic correlations between several STs and DR were detected by cross-trait linkage disequilibrium score regression. MR suggested a causal effect of self-reported daytime sleepiness (OR: 4.08; 95% CI, 1.44–11.61; p = .008), and accelerator-derived sleep duration (OR: 0.73; 95% CI, 0.54–0.98; p = .036) and sleep efficiency (OR: 0.54; 95% CI, 0.36–0.80; p = .002) on DR. Conclusions STs may have a potential causal role for DR. Attention should be paid to the STs of patients for better prevention and treatment of DR.
Incidence of Surgery for Pediatric Wrist Ganglion Cysts
Authors: Rancu Albert L. , Kammien Alexander J. , Katsnelson Beatrice M. , Diatta Fortunay H. , Lewis Katelyn , Grauer Jonathan N. , Colen David L. 
Published: February 2025

Background: While diagnosis of ganglion cysts of the wrist in the pediatric population is common, data on management are limited. This study describes a nationwide analysis of the incidence and treatment of pediatric ganglion cysts. Methods: Patients who were diagnosed with a wrist ganglion cyst were identified from the PearlDiver database. Exclusion criteria included age over 18 years, incidence of different cyst diagnosis codes, fewer than 6 months of records prior to first diagnosis, and fewer than 2 years of follow-up. The use of imaging and common treatments for ganglion cysts including bracing, aspiration/injection, and surgery were noted. Patients were followed for 2 years, and factors associated with undergoing surgery were analyzed. Trends in the diagnosis and surgical management of ganglion cysts by age were observed. Results: A total of 33 884 patients with a ganglion cyst on the wrist were identified. Diagnoses increased exponentially with age, while the percentage of patients who underwent surgery increased linearly with age. Those who underwent surgery tended to be older and were more likely to be female. These patients were also more likely to have undergone ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging. There was a statistically significant difference in prior use of nonoperative management between patients that did and did not undergo surgery. Conclusion: This study offers a nationwide analysis of pediatric ganglion cysts. These findings are important to consider during longitudinal patient counseling and surgical planning.
Long-term functional outcomes among patients surviving aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: The KOSCO study
Authors: Lee Ho Seok , Sohn Min Kyun , Lee Jongmin , Kim Deog Young , Shin Yong-Il , Oh Gyung-Jae , Lee Yang-Soo , Joo Min Cheol , Lee So Young , Song Min-Keun , Han Junhee , Ahn Jeonghoon , Lee Young-Hoon , Kim Dae Hyun , Kim Young-Taek , Kim Yun-Hee , Chang Won Hyuk 
Published: February 2025

Background and objectives: Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) remains a significant global health concern, and therefore, understanding their functional outcomes is essential. The aim of this study was to investigate the 1-year functional outcomes of patients with aSAH. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data of patients with aSAH from the Korean Stroke Cohort for Functioning and Rehabilitation study, up to 1 year post-onset. The cohort data were collected twice. The first data was collected from August 2012 through May 2015, and the second data was collected from January to December in 2020, from nine different hospitals. Assessments were performed from 7 days to 1 year. Disability, measured by modified Rankin Scale (mRS), was analyzed in terms of good outcome (mRS 0 or 1) and mortality. In addition, functional level was further assessed using Functional Independence Measure (FIM) in aSAH survivors at 1 year post-onset. A subgroup analysis was conducted, with participants further classified into two groups: one with mild-to-moderate disability (mRS 0–3) and another with severe disability (mRS 4 or 5), as reported 7 days after onset. Multiple imputation method was used to handle missing data. In addition, mixed-effects model was used to analyze the trajectory of FIM. Results: A total of 517 patients with aSAH were included. Of these, 246 (47.6%) showed mild-to-moderate disability and 271 (52.4%) showed severe disability at 7 days. At 1 year after onset, the mortality rate was 6.0% and the good outcome was reported in 76.2% of patients. In aSAH survivors at 1 year, FIM showed a significant improvement over time, with a significant difference demonstrated between the subgroups. Age, initial clinical severity, and cognitive function at 7 days were also identified as significant covariates. Conclusions: The majority of patients reporting mild-to-moderate disability at 7 days exhibited good functional outcome, and even among those with severe disability, there was a favorable outcome with continuous improvement in their functional levels. Therefore, proper assessments and effective management should be employed to achieve favorable functional outcomes among aSAH survivors.
New era, new GOALs: cardiovascular screening and lipid management in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Despotes Katherine A. , Ceppe Agathe S. , Goralski Jennifer L. , Donaldson Scott H. 
Published: February 2025

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks are increasing in people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF). While cholesterol levels were historically low in pwCF, higher levels after initiating highly effective modulator therapy (HEMT) have been reported. Mechanisms are unclear and there is little guidance on screening. Objectives: To evaluate serum lipid changes at multiple timepoints after ivacaftor initiation, and to assess current screening practices for CVD risk factors among CF providers. Design: This was a post-hoc correlative analysis of prospectively collected clinical data and serum samples from the GOAL cohort study. Cross-sectional survey methodology was also employed. Methods: We evaluated serum lipids (total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)) at baseline, 3- and 18 months after ivacaftor initiation using samples from the GOAL study biorepository. We also surveyed CF providers across the United States on their CVD risk screening practices. Results: Fifty GOAL participants’ samples were analyzed. Using the repeated measures model, TC significantly varied by visit ( p = 0.004), driven by a significant increase from baseline at 3 months (mean difference 9.4 mg/dL). This difference diminished by 18 months. BMI was a significant covariate for TC. No significant differences by visit were detected in LDL or HDL. Seventy-five respondents participated in the survey (response rate 5.6%; 41 adult providers, 18 pediatric providers, and 10 providers caring for both) with 67% reporting no lipid screening policy existed in their center. In the past year, 29% of adult providers prescribed lipid-lowering therapy, 54% started anti-hypertensive medications, and 48% initiated ischemic cardiac evaluations for pwCF. Conclusion: TC significantly increased within 3 months of initiating ivacaftor, but subsequently diminished toward baseline by 18 months. Lipid screening practices among CF providers were variable and providers are increasingly being confronted with managing CVD risk factors. Partnering with primary care providers is likely to become increasingly important in CF care models.
Impact of carotid artery tortuosity on mechanical thrombectomy outcomes: A systematic review
Authors: Bilgin Cem , Gupta Rishabh , Orscelik Atakan , Hassankhani Amir , Senol Yigit Can , Kobeissi Hassan , Ghozy Sherief , Kadirvel Ramanathan , Brinjikji Waleed , Kallmes David F. 
Published: February 2025

Background Carotid artery tortuosity (CAT) may complicate mechanical thrombectomy (MT), potentially causing delays or preventing recanalization. However, the relationship between CAT and MT outcomes remains largely unexplored. This systematic review aims to evaluate the existing evidence regarding the impact of CAT on MT outcomes. Methods Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scopus databases. Studies providing data for MT outcomes based on CAT status were included. Outcomes of interest included successful recanalization, first-pass efficacy (FPE), procedure time, functional independence, and procedure-related complications. Results Our search identified nine studies with 2737 patients. Three studies employed DSA to assess tortuosity, whereas the remaining six studies preferred CTA. In seven studies, CAT was associated with prolonged procedure times. In five studies, successful recanalization rates were significantly lower in CAT patients as compared to patients with non-tortuous arteries. Two studies showed that CAT could alter FPE or successful recanalization rates of first-line MT techniques. No study found statistically significant relationships between CAT and functional independence. Three studies examined the association between CAT and safety outcomes, and only one study found increased intracranial hemorrhage rates in patients with CAT. All nine studies employed different CAT criteria. Conclusions Despite the vast MT literature, the number of studies reporting CAT status remains low. CAT may affect procedure time and technical outcomes of MT. Therefore, employing a uniform CAT definition and reporting CAT more frequently can provide insights into management of patients with acute large vessel occlusions.
Comparing the Efficacy of XP-endo Finisher with Irrigation Activation Methods on Sealer Penetration: An in Vitro Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy Study
Authors: Akgun Ceyda , Gunes Betul 
Published: February 2025

Aim: The irrigation method is effective on the dentinal tubule penetration (DTP) of endodontic pastes, which is important for treatment outcome. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of different irrigation techniques on the DTP of bioceramic endodontic paste with CLSM. Materials and Methods: A total of 52 mandibular premolar root canals were shaped with the ProTaper Next files and were divided randomly into four experimental groups ( n = 13) according to the final irrigation method with 17% EDTA and 5.25% NaOCl as follows: Group 1: Conventional needle irrigation (CNI), Group 2: sonic activation (SA), Group 3: passive ultrasonic activation (PUA), Group 4: XP-endo Finisher (XPF). After final irrigation, root canals were obturated with a bioceramic sealer labeled with the fluorescent dye. The roots were sectioned horizontally at three different levels, and 1 ± 0.1 mm thick sections were obtained to examine under CLSM. The penetration area (PA), maximum tubule penetration (MTP), and the percentage of penetration (PP) values were statistically evaluated with the two-way repeated measurements ANOVA test. The Tukey (HSD) test was carried out for intergroup comparisons ( p < .01). The relationship between the MTP, PP, and PA at each root level was evaluated using Pearson’s correlation test. Results: In the middle sections, the penetration area of the sealer was higher in the SA group (7.120 ± 1.470) compared to the other groups ( p < .01). Penetration area was higher in the XPF group (11.830 ± 1.370) in the coronal section compared to CNI (7.034 ± 0.926) ( p < .01). No significant difference was observed between the MTP and PP values of the experimental groups ( p > .01). DTP of sealer was statistically similar for each irrigation method in the apical section. The coronal regions showed higher DTP values compared with the apical regions. There was a linear relationship between the PA and MTP values at all root levels of experimental groups ( p < .05). The linear relationship between the PA and PP was not significant in the XP group ( p > .05). Conclusion: The penetration area of SA was larger than others in the middle section, and XPF was superior to CNI in the coronal section. DTP of the sealer in the apical regions was lower than in the coronal regions.
Cannabis Marketing Strategies in the United States: A Descriptive Analysis of Four Prominent Companies
Authors: LoParco Cassidy R. , Cui Yuxian , McCready Darcey M. , Rossheim Matthew E. , Chen-Sankey Julia , Howlader Afrah , Fergnani Anna , Mumin Deqa , Burris Scott , Berg Carla J. 
Published: February 2025

Background: Given the substantial expansion of the US cannabis market and the impact of cannabis advertising exposure on use, cannabis marketing surveillance is needed to inform regulations and protect consumers. Methods: Using 2020–2021 Vivvix advertising data from 4 US cannabis companies (Cresco, Mindy’s, MedMen, and Uncle Ike’s), we examined (1) general advertising characteristics (eg, number of unique ads and ad occurrences, ad expenditures, market, and media channel); and (2) ad content (ie, headlines and imagery) and placement (ie, source themes, eg, specific websites and magazines), overall and by company. Results: There were 399 unique ads and 1171 occurrences, totaling $488,617 in expenditures. Cresco and Uncle Ike’s accounted for most unique ads (~45% each); Cresco represented the majority of ad occurrences (52.4%) and expenditures (63.4%). Most ads were disseminated via online displays (occurrences = 69.2%; expenditures = 45.8%). The primary source for ad dissemination was news/weather (occurrences = 36.3%; expenditures = 40.2%). Ad headlines most frequently emphasized product type (occurrences = 40.1%; expenditures = 37.0%). Visual strategies to attract attention included gifs (occurrences = 63.6%; expenditures = 71.1%). Companies differed in their marketing strategies (ie, volume, markets, channels, and content). Conclusions: Findings underscore the need to restrict cannabis marketing, for example, restricting ad content and marketing channels. This may reduce exposure to cannabis marketing, which is associated with cannabis perceptions and use.
Preoperative prediction of flexible ureteroscopy outcome in the treatment of renal calculi
Authors: Abozaid Mohammed , Elsherif Eid , Elserafy Fatma , Abobakr Islam , Selim Mohamed 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) is increasingly used for management of renal calculi. Many predictive scores have been devised to predict stone-free rate (SFR) after RIRS including Ito’s nomogram. The aim of this study is to evaluate preoperative parameters that affect SFR after RIRS to help with patient counselling.

Methods
Patients with renal stones up to 30 mm in greatest diameter were recruited. They were offered RIRS via disposable flexible ureteroscopy and Holmium laser fragmentation. Ito’s score was calculated for each patient preoperatively to estimate post-operative SFR. Also, other factors as stone Hounsfield units (HU), pre-stenting, and access sheath use were recorded.

Results
A total of 80 patients met the inclusion criteria. Median stone volume was smaller in cases that were stone free (532.4 vs 748.0 mm3, p = 0.076). Patients with residuals had higher rates of multiple (61.5% vs 16.7%, p < 0.001) and lower pole (61.5%vs 37.0%, p = 0.039) calculi. Hydronephrosis, operator experience, HU, access sheath use, pre-stenting, and total Ito score were not significantly different between stone-free patients and patients with residuals. Multivariate logistic regression showed that presence of multiple renal stones (B = 0.158, p = 0.002) is the only significant predictor of SFR.

Conclusion
Larger stones, stones in the lower pole, and especially multiple renal stones have higher rates of residual stones after RIRS. This should be clarified to patients during preoperative decision-making and discussion about RIRS and its alternatives’ pros and cons has to take place prior to surgery.

Trial registration: Trial registered at clinicaltrial.gov, under number NCT05857501 on May 10th, 2023. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05857501.