bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Movement disorders after intervertebral disc surgery: Coincidence or causal relationship?
Authors: Capelle Hans‐Holger , Wöhrle Johannes C. , Weigel Ralf , Bäzner Hansjörg , Grips Eva , Krauss Joachim K. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractIt is well known that brain injury or central traumatic lesions may result in the subsequent appearance of movement disorders such as dystonia or tremor. The concept that peripheral lesions to neural structures may be involved in the pathogenesis of movement disorders has been discussed controversely but has gained more widespread acceptance only recently. Here, we report on 6 patients who developed movement disorders after spinal disc surgery. The movement disorders became manifest with a delay of 1 day to 12 months after surgery. Of the six patients, 4 underwent cervical disc surgery, and 2 patients were operated on for lumbar disc herniation; 2 patients presented with paroxysmal kinesigenic segmental dystonia, 1 patient with focal dystonia, 2 with unilateral tremor, and 1 with bilateral tremor. The appearance of the movement disorder was associated with persistent dermatomal or segmental pain. In all patients, the anatomic distribution of the movement disorder was related to the nerve root or spinal segment of the corresponding disc level and the manifestation was in close temporal relation to the surgery. We conclude that spinal disc surgery may be another, thus far neglected, cause for movement disorders. The postoperative pain syndrome in all patients should be considered as an important factor of pathogenesis. Overall, movement disorders associated with disc surgery appear to be rare, yet they may cause significant discomfort to the affected individual. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society
A rapid densitometric method for the analysis of hyoscyamine and scopolamine in solanaceous plants and their transformed root cultures
Authors: Berkov Strahil , Pavlov Atanas 
Published: May 2004

AbstractA rapid and convenient method for sample preparation and simultaneous densitometric quantiﬁcation of hyoscyamine (1) and scopolamine (2) has been developed. The alkaloid proﬁles of plant samples, as well as the content of 1 and 2, determined by TLC‐densitometry corresponded well with those obtained using a GC method. The proposed method is simple and sensitive and can be used for the routine assay of 1 and 2, and for screening for alkaloid‐rich and biochemically‐interesting transformed root cultures and intact solanaceous plants. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An electrophoretic proﬁling method for thiol‐rich phytochelatins and metallothioneins
Authors: Fan Teresa W‐M. , Lane Andrew N. , Higashi Richard M. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThiol‐rich peptides such as phytochelatins (PCs) and metallothioneins (MTs) are important cellular chelating agents which function in metal detoxiﬁcation and/or homeostasis. The variations in molecular sizes and lack of chromophores of these peptides make their analysis difﬁcult. This paper reports an electrophoresis‐based method for a broad screen of thiol‐rich peptides and proteins. The method uses the thiol‐selective ﬂuorescent tag, monobromobimane, coupled with Tricine–sodium dodecyl sulphate–urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for a sensitive determination of both PCs and MTs. Results for PCs were conﬁrmed by two‐dimensional NMR and HPLC‐tandem MS analyses. Sample throughput is substantially improved over chromatography‐based methods through parallel sample analysis in 1 h of electrophoretic separation. The method is versatile in that peptides ranging from glutathione to large proteins can be analysed by simple modiﬁcation(s) of the extraction and electrophoretic conditions, and the nature of the method supports serendipitous detection of unexpected or novel thiol metabolites. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low‐molecular‐weight components of olive oil mill waste‐waters
Authors: DellaGreca Marina , Previtera Lucio , Temussi Fabio , Zarrelli Armando 
Published: May 2004

AbstractA new lignan 1‐hydroxy‐2‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl)‐6‐(3‐acetyl‐4‐hydroxy‐5‐methoxyphenyl)‐3,7‐dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane, the secoiridoid 2H‐pyran‐4‐acetic acid,3‐hydroxymethyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐5‐(methoxycarbonyl)‐2‐methyl‐, methyl ester, the phenylglycoside 4‐[β‐d‐xylopyranosyl‐(1→6)]‐β‐d‐glucopyranosyl‐1,4‐dihydroxy‐2‐methoxybenzene and the lactone 3‐[1‐(hydroxymethyl)‐1‐propenyl] δ‐glutarolactone were isolated and identiﬁed on the basis of spectroscopic data including two‐dimensional NMR, as components of olive oil mill waste‐waters. The known aromatic compounds catechol, 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid, 4‐hydroxy‐3,5‐dimethoxybenzoic acid, 4‐hydroxyphenylacetic acid, 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol, 2‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxy)phenylethanol, 2‐(3,4‐dihydroxy)phenyl‐1,2‐ethandiol, p‐coumaric acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, sinapic acid, 1‐O‐[2‐(3,4‐dihydroxy)phenylethyl]‐(3,4‐dihydroxy)phenyl‐1,2‐ethandiol, 1‐O‐[2‐(4‐hydroxy)phenylethyl]‐(3,4‐dihydroxy)phenyl‐1,2‐ethandiol, d(+)‐erythro‐1‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxy)‐phenyl‐1,2,3‐propantriol, p‐hydroxyphenethyl‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside, 2(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)ethanol 3β‐d‐glucopyranoside, and 2(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)ethanol 4β‐d‐glucopyranoside were also conﬁrmed as constituents of the waste‐waters. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An ultraviolet‐finite Hamiltonian approach on the noncommutative Minkowski space
Authors: Bahns D. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThis is an exposition of joint work with S. Doplicher, K. Fredenhagen, and G. Piacitelli on field theory on the noncommutative Minkowski space [1]. The limit of coinciding points is modified compared to ordinary field theory in a suitable way which allows for the definition of so‐called regularized field monomials as interaction terms. Employing these in the Hamiltonian formalism results in an ultraviolet finite S‐matrix.
Transplanckian dispersion relation and entanglement entropy of blackhole
Authors: Chang D. , Chu C.‐S. , Lin F.‐L. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe quantum correction to the entanglement entropy of the event horizon is plagued by the UV divergence due to the infinitely blue‐shifted near horizon modes. The resolution of this UV divergence provides an excellent window to a better understanding and control of the quantum gravity effects. We claim that the key to resolve this UV puzzle is the transplanckian dispersion relation. We calculate the entanglement entropy using a very general type of transplanckian dispersion relation such that high energy modes above a certain scale are cutoff, and show that the entropy is rendered UV finite. We argue that modified dispersion relation is a generic feature of string theory, and this boundedness nature of the dispersion relation is a general consequence of the existence of a minimal distance in string theory.
Operator product expansion and zero mode structure in logarithmic CFT
Authors: Flohr M. , Krohn M. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe generic structure of 1‐, 2‐ and 3‐point functions of fields residing in indecomposable representations of arbitrary rank are given. These in turn determine the structure of the operator product expansion in logarithmic conformal field theory. The crucial role of zero modes is discussed in some detail.
A trio of dualities: walls, trees and cascades
Authors: Franco S. , Hanany A. , He Y.‐H. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractWe study the RG flow of 𝒩 = 1 world‐volume gauge theories of D3‐brane probes on certain singular Calabi‐Yau threefolds. Taking the gauge theories out of conformality by introducing fractional branes, we compute the NSVZ beta‐function and follow the subsequent RG flow in the cascading manner of Klebanov‐Strassler. We study the duality trees that blossom from various Seiberg dualities and encode possible cascades. We observe the appearance of duality walls, a finite limit energy scale in the UV beyond which the dualization cascade cannot proceed. Diophantine equations of the Markov type characterize the dual phases of these theories. We discuss how the classification of Markov equations for different geometries into families relates the RG flows of the corresponding gauge theories.
Space‐time singularities and the Kähler cone
Authors: Järv L. , Mayer C. , Mohaupt T. , Saueressig F. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractWe review recent results on the interplay between the five‐dimensional space‐time and the internal manifold in Calabi‐Yau compactifications of M‐theory. Black string, black hole and domain wall solutions as well as Kasner type cosmologies cannot develop a naked singularity as long as the moduli take values inside the Kähler cone.
Instanton solutions for the universal hypermultiplet
Authors: Davidse M. , de Vroome M. , Theis U. , Vandoren S. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractWe expand our previous analysis on fivebrane and membrane instanton solutions in the universal hypermultiplet, including near‐extremal multi‐centered solutions and mixed fivebrane‐membrane charged instantons. The results are most conveniently described in terms of a double‐tensor multiplet.
Brane‐bulk energy exchange and cosmological acceleration
Authors: Kiritsis E. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe consequences for the brane cosmological evolution of energy exchange between the brane and the bulk are analyzed. A rich variety of brane cosmologies is obtained, depending on the precise mechanism of energy transfer, the equation of state of brane‐matter and the spatial topology. An accelerating era is generically a feature of the solutions.
Double‐trace deformations and SL(2,Z) action on three‐dimensional CFTs
Authors: Petkou A.C. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractI discuss the connection between certain double‐trace deformations of three‐dimensional CFTs and a natural \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}$SL(2,\mathbb{Z})$\end{document} action on their two‐point functions that involve higher‐spin currents. I argue that this connection is a salient feature of the holography of Higher‐Spin gauge theories on AdS4.
The AdS/CFT correspondence in the PP‐wave limit
Authors: Petrini M. , Russo R. , Tanzini A. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractWe consider the correspondence between IIB string theory on the maximally supersymmetric PP‐wave and the BMN sector of 𝒩 = 4 SYM theory. At the level of the interacting (string) theory, the matching between these two descriptions is not yet fully understood. Here we review the tests supporting the simple proposal that relates the 3‐string interaction to the correlation functions among the BMN operators.
Simulation of vegetation cover on sidewalks in Denmark
Authors: Kristensen Kristian , Hansen Preben K , Kristoffersen Palle 
Published: May 2004

AbstractData from five 3‐year experiments comparing different strategies of non‐chemical weed control were analysed in order to set up a model that could be used for simulating further strategies. The treatments included different frequencies and effects of weed control using flaming, steaming and weed brushing. Each plot consisted of about 100 m of sidewalk. The amount of weed on the sidewalks was recorded several times during the 3‐year period using a system of cameras mounted on a Terrain Vehicle moving on the sidewalk and post processing using image analyses of extracted images. The percentage of sidewalk covered by weed was estimated on the basis of the image analyses. The model used for describing the weed coverage comprises three components. The first component describes the growth of weeds; the second describes reduction caused by wearing and decay of weeds in the autumn and the third describes the reduction caused by weed control using weed brushing, steaming and flaming. The parameters of the model were estimated from the data for later use for simulating additional strategies. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Contribution of non‐agricultural pesticides to pesticide load in surface water
Authors: Skark Christian , Zullei‐Seibert Ninette , Willme Uwe , Gatzemann Ulrich , Schlett Claus 
Published: May 2004

AbstractTwo small creeks, tributaries of the River Ruhr near Schwerte, Federal Republic of Germany, were investigated to reveal the regional agricultural and non‐agricultural sources of pesticide inputs and the main pathways to surface water. In addition, the receiving water was monitored for pesticides. The watersheds are situated at the northern margin of the Rhenian Schiefergebirge, a highland landscape in North‐Rhine–Westphalia. Solid carboniferous shale is covered by a shallow layer of quaternary unconsolidated rock (porous aquifer thickness <5 m). Occurrence of herbicides such as chlortoluron, isoproturon and terbuthylazine in surface water could be due to their broad agricultural application in regional dominant crops, such as barley, wheat and maize. Occurrence of diuron and glyphosate results from their use in residential settlements and industrial areas as well as from weed control on railway tracks. Atrazine concentrations up to 0.8 µg litre−1 indicated recent use of this herbicide, which has been banned since 1991, and was also the result of non‐agricultural applications. Pathways for pesticide input to the receiving waters were related to both surface run‐off and underground passage. Two‐thirds of the observed diuron load in the surface water resulted from an input by run‐off. This was expected as a result of total herbicide application targets to sealed surfaces infringing current regulations and recommendations. Diuron load varied between 0.6 and 1.2% of the estimated amount applied annually in the investigated catchments. Non‐agricultural pesticide use contributed more than two‐thirds of the whole observed pesticide load in the tributaries and at least one‐third in the River Ruhr. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Turfgrass management and weed control without pesticides on football pitches in Denmark
Authors: Larsen Søren U , Kristoffersen Palle , Fischer Jørgen 
Published: May 2004

AbstractManagement of turfgrass on football pitches without pesticides involves a considerable challenge for weed control. By improving conditions for grass growth by cultural practices, weeds may be repressed by stronger competition from the grass. A 3‐year field trial on 37 football pitches investigated the effects of various cultural management practices on percentage grass, weed and bare ground, respectively. The trial included twelve different treatments, comprising different combinations of fertiliser level and cultural methods, including two types of spring‐tine harrow, vertical cutting, over‐seeding, and top‐dressing. Some treatments resulted in significant differences in percentage grass and weed cover, but not in percentage bare ground. However, other factors, such as locality of the football pitch, zone on the pitch, month, year, playing frequency, cutting frequency and, particularly, ground cover at the beginning of the trial, also contributed considerably to the variation in ground cover, indicating that established weeds are difficult to eradicate. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Herbicide loss following application to a railway
Authors: Ramwell Carmel T , Heather Andrew IJ , Shepherd Anthony J 
Published: May 2004

AbstractRailways have been identified as a potential source of herbicides detected in surface and groundwaters, but there are few data to support this theory. Two studies were undertaken to investigate the fate of herbicides applied to railway trackbeds: a pilot study in a section of a disused, but intact, cutting where runoff and throughflow were sampled from trenches adjacent to the treated area, and a larger scale study on 0.75 km of embankment where surface water from the drainage ditch at the base of the embankment and groundwater were sampled. In the pilot study, peak concentrations of atrazine, diuron and glyphosate (1280, 210 and 15 µg litre−1 respectively) were detected 6 days after treatment (DAT). Oxadiazon, oryzalin and isoxaben were not detected above their limits of quantification. Lower concentrations were detected 81 DAT (10 and 0.8 µg litre−1 of atrazine and glyphosate respectively). In the larger scale study, herbicides were not detected, in either the surface water or groundwater, at concentrations above the limit of detection that could be attributed to application to the railway. Rainfall volume and depth to sampling point may partly explain the different results obtained from the two studies. The findings are compared with herbicide losses from other ‘hard surfaces’. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Use of imazapyr against Equisetum arvense on Swedish railway tracks
Authors: Torstensson Lennart , Börjesson Elisabet 
Published: May 2004

AbstractSince glyphosate has been used extensively for weed control in Swedish railway tracks, common horsetail (Equisetum arvense L), previously relatively rare, has become very common. Glyphosate, although effective against most other weeds found on railway tracks, gives poor control of E arvense, so that heavy infestation with this weed is now common. Imazapyr (applied as a 250 g AE litre−1 SL, Arsenal) has controlled E arvense, but is known to be very mobile. Adequate control of the weed requires application of ≥4 litres ha−1 of imazapyr SL but environmental factors preclude the use of >2 litres ha−1. A suitable strategy was found to be one application of imazapyr SL at 2 litres ha−1 in each of two successive years but best weed control was obtained by supplementing imazapyr in the first year with glyphosate 360 g AE litre−1 SL (RoundUp Bio) at 3 litres ha−1. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
The fate of imazapyr in a Swedish railway embankment
Authors: Börjesson Elisabet , Torstensson Lennart , Stenström John 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe long‐term fate of the herbicide imazapyr [2‐(4‐isopropyl‐4‐methyl‐5‐oxo‐2‐imidazolin‐2‐yl)nicotinic acid] applied to a Swedish railway embankment was studied. Imazapyr was applied at 750 and 1500 g ha−1 by a spraying train used for full‐scale herbicide treatment operations. Soil and groundwater were sampled twice a year for 8 years after application of the herbicide, and the dissipation of imazapyr was studied by HPLC analysis of the residues in soil and groundwater. A clean‐up procedure including solid‐phase extraction was performed prior to detection by HPLC. Recoveries of imazapyr from soil and water samples were 76–98% and 61–90%, respectively, and detection levels were 0.003 mg kg−1 and 0.05 µg litre−1, respectively. Sorption, desorption and microbial amount and activity were also measured at the two locations. The organic matter content correlated positively and the pH negatively to the adsorption of imazapyr on soil, and increasing organic matter contents decreased desorption. Apart from the 0–10‐cm top layers of both sites, the microbial amount and activity were small. The main proportion of imazapyr was found in the upper 30 cm of the soil, and degraded with a half‐life in the range 67–144 days. Small amounts were transported to lower soil layers and to the groundwater in proportion to the amounts applied. Traces of imazapyr were detected in the groundwater even 8 years after application. It was concluded that environmental risks from the use of herbicides on railway embankments could be reduced by including adsorption layers in the embankment during their construction and by reducing the dose of the herbicide used. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
A spatial analysis of childhood mortality in West Africa
Authors: Balk Deborah , Pullum Thomas , Storeygard Adam , Greenwell Fern , Neuman Melissa 
Published: May 2004

AbstractIt is suggested that environmental or geographical factors (e.g. population density, climate and disease environment) play an important role in determining infant and child survival above and beyond that played by individual and household level factors. Only recently, however, have relevant spatial data become available and have demographic survey data systematically recorded geographical location of surveyed households, or has the technology to integrate these data become accessible. This study estimates the risk of infant and child death in ten West African countries attributable to individual, household and spatially explicit geographical factors; 120,000 births occurring in the 10 years prior to the 1997–2001 Demographic and Health Survey dates are evaluated. Results from a generalised linear model show that spatial variables explain away a good deal of the country‐specific variation in mortality, and that they are associated with (and may be mediated by) the household characteristics. Implications for research and policy are addressed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Magnetic properties of amorphous Ge–Cr thin films fabricated by thermal evaporation
Authors: Paek W. B. , Kim J. , Lim S. H. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractFerromagnetic ordering at room temperature is observed in amorphous Ge100−xCrx (x in at.%) thin films fabricated by thermal co‐evaporation over a wide composition range up to x = 39. High resolution transmission electron microscopy results indicate that the microstructure is mostly amorphous, except for at x = 15 (close to eutectic composition) and 39 where crystalline precipitates of Ge and the intermetallic Ge19Cr11 compound are respectively formed in an amorphous matrix. The saturation magnetization at room temperature exhibits a maximum value of 2.5 emu/cc at x = 29 and the compositional dependence of saturation magnetization is supported by the microstructural results. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Magnetoelastic properties of Co/Pd nanomultilayer films
Authors: Jeong Jong‐Ryul , Shin Sung‐Chul 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe magnetoelastic properties of (6 Å Co/20 Å Pd)6 nanomultilayer films have been investigated using an ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) in situ stress and magnetoelastic coupling (MEC) constant measurement system. In situ stress measurement reveals that stress existing in the Pd sublayers is tensile up to the second Pd sublayer deposition and it gradually changes to compressive after the deposition of the third Pd sublayer. Interestingly, the MEC constant of the Co/Pd nanomultilayer continuously increases with increasing Pd layer thickness from 0 to 20 Å in the sixth Pd sublayer. It is found that the evolution of the MEC constant is intimately related with the film strain rather than interface formation, and second‐order strain correction is necessary to describe the dependence of the MEC constant on the Pd thickness. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
RF integrated magnetic thin film noise suppressor on coplanar transmission line
Authors: Kim Ki Hyeon , Yamaguchi Masahiro 
Published: May 2004

AbstractRf integrated noise suppressors were fabricated by integration of magnetic films using a micro‐lithography process. CoNbZr magnetic films with various dimensions were stacked on coplanar transmission lines. The rf noise suppressor was composed of magnetic film (CoNbZr)/polyimide/Cu transmission line/seed layer (Ti/Cu)/glass substrate. The CoNbZr magnetic films (4πMs ∼ 10 kG, Hk = 8.5 Oe, ρ = 120 μΩ cm, fFMR = 0.8 GHz) were deposited by rf sputtering. The signal attenuation of the transmission line was estimated by extracting S‐parameters (S11, S21) from a network analyser up to 20 GHz. In the case of 2000 μm wide, 15 mm long and 2 μm thick magnetic films, the magnitude of signal attenuation at the resonance (dip) point was increased greatly to about –56 dB compared with a coplanar transmission line without magnetic film. In the case of 50 μm wide, 15 mm long and 2 μm thick magnetic films, insertion loss and power loss except for the resonance frequency region was very small in comparison with that of 2000 μm wide magnetic films. These results are related to the ferromagnetic resonance and eddy current loss due to the dimension of the magnetic film on the coplanar transmission line with the 50 μm wide signal line. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)