bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative comparison of 2D and 3D monitoring dimensions in fish behavior analysis
Authors: Lin Kai , Zhang Shiyu , Hu Junjie , Lv Xingdong , Li Hongsong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTo improve the accuracy and efficiency of fish behavior assessment, this paper focuses on quantitatively exploring the variations and relationships between different monitoring dimensions. A systematic comparison was conducted between 3D and 2D behavioral factors using an infrared tracing system, during both day and night. Significant differences in swimming distance were observed among the different monitoring methods, as determined by two‐way ANOVA and Tukey's test. A correction was applied to account for the disparities observed in 2D swimming distance, ensuring accurate measurements. These findings present a cost‐effective and efficient approach for obtaining precise 3D distance data. Additionally, a kinematic factor called the “number of U‐turns” was proposed to provide a more intuitive characterization of directional changes in fish swimming. Significant differences were observed between 2D and 3D data, with higher percentages of false U‐turn counts and missing U‐turn counts compared to correct counts in the 2D view. These findings suggest that reducing the monitoring dimension may impact the accurate estimation of swimming motion, potentially resulting in inaccurate outcomes. Finally, the statistical analyses of the non‐linear properties of fractal dimension revealed significant differences among the various monitoring methods. This conclusion has practical implications for biologists and physicists, enabling them to improve the accuracy of behavioral phenotyping for organisms exhibiting 3D motion.
Psilocybin as a lead candidate molecule in preclinical therapeutic studies of psychiatric disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Gattuso James J. , Wilson Carey , Hannan Anthony J. , Renoir Thibault 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPsilocybin is the main psychoactive compound found in hallucinogenic/magic mushrooms and can bind to both serotonergic and tropomyosin receptor kinase b (TrkB) receptors. Psilocybin has begun to show efficacy for a range of neuropsychiatric conditions, including treatment‐resistant depression and anxiety disorders; however, neurobiological mechanisms are still being elucidated. Clinical research has found that psilocybin can alter functional connectivity patterns in human brains, which is often associated with therapeutic outcomes. However, preclinical research affords the opportunity to assess the potential cellular mechanisms by which psilocybin may exert its therapeutic effects. Preclinical rodent models can also facilitate a more tightly controlled experimental context and minimise placebo effects. Furthermore, where there is a rationale, preclinical researchers can investigate psilocybin administration in neuropsychiatric conditions that have not yet been researched clinically. As a result, we have systematically reviewed the knowledge base, identifying 82 preclinical studies which were screened based on specific criteria. This resulted in the exclusion of 44 articles, with 34 articles being included in the main review and another 2 articles included as Supporting Information materials. We found that psilocybin shows promise as a lead candidate molecule for treating a variety of neuropsychiatric conditions, albeit showing the most efficacy for depression. We discuss the experimental findings, and identify possible mechanisms whereby psilocybin could invoke therapeutic changes. Furthermore, we critically evaluate the between‐study heterogeneity and possible future research avenues. Our review suggests that preclinical rodent models can provide valid and translatable tools for researching novel psilocybin‐induced molecular and cellular mechanisms, and therapeutic outcomes.image
Vagus nerve SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and inflammatory reflex dysfunction: Is there a causal relationship?
Authors: Andersson Ulf , Tracey Kevin J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAutonomic dysfunction is a clinical hallmark of infection caused by SARS‐CoV‐2, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. The vagus nerve inflammatory reflex is an important, well‐characterized mechanism for the reflexive suppression of cytokine storm, and its experimental or clinical impairment facilitates the onset and progression of hyperinflammation. Recent pathological evidence from COVID‐19 victims reveals viral infection and inflammation in the vagus nerve and associated nuclei in the medulla oblongata. Although it has been suggested that vagus nerve inflammation in these patients mediates dysregulated respiration, whether it also contributes to dysfunction of the vagus nerve inflammatory reflex has not been addressed. Because lethality and tissue injury in acute COVID‐19 are characterized by cytokine storm, it is plausible to consider evidence that impairment of the inflammatory reflex may contribute to overproduction of cytokines and resultant hyperinflammatory pathogenesis. Accordingly, here the authors discuss the inflammatory reflex, the consequences of its dysfunction in COVID‐19, and whether there are opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
Blood‐brain barrier permeability by CT perfusion predicts parenchymal hematoma after recanalization with thrombectomy
Authors: Chen Xinyi , Xu Jie , Guo Shunyuan , Zhang Sheng , Wang Huiyuan , Shen Panpan , Shang Yafei , Tan Mingming , Geng Yu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposeParenchymal hematoma is a dreaded complication of mechanical thrombectomy after acute ischemic stroke. This study evaluated whether blood‐brain barrier permeability measurements based on CT perfusion could be used as predictors of parenchymal hematoma after successful recanalization and compared the predictive value of various permeability parameters in patients with acute ischemic stroke.MethodsWe enrolled 53 patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent mechanical thrombectomy and achieved successful recanalization. Each patient underwent CT, CT angiography, and CT perfusion imaging before treatment. We used relative volume transfer constant (rKtrans) values, relative permeability–surface area product (rP·S), and relative extraction fraction (rE) to evaluate preoperative blood‐brain barrier permeability in the delayed perfusion area.ResultsOverall, 22 patients (37.7%) developed hemorrhagic transformation after surgery, including 10 patients (16.9%) with hemorrhagic infarction and 11 patients (20.8%) with parenchymal hematoma. The rP·S, rKtrans, and rE of the hypoperfusion area in the parenchymal hematoma group were significantly higher than those in the hemorrhagic infarction and no‐hemorrhage transformation groups (p < .01). We found that rE and rP·S were superior to rKtrans in predicting parenchymal hematoma transformation after thrombectomy (P·S area under the curve [AUC] .844 vs. rKtrans AUC .753, z = 2.064, p = .039; rE AUC .907 vs. rKtrans AUC .753, z = 2.399, p = .017).ConclusionsPatients with parenchymal hematoma after mechanical thrombectomy had higher blood‐brain barrier permeability in hypoperfusion areas. Among blood‐brain barrier permeability measurement parameters, rP·S and rE showed better accuracy for parenchymal hematoma prediction.
Paramagnetic rim lesions and the central vein sign: Characterizing multiple sclerosis imaging markers
Authors: Clarke Margareta A. , Cheek Rachael , Kazimuddin Habeeb F. , Hernandez Bryan , Clarke Reece , McKnight Colin D. , Derwenskus Joy , Eaton James , Irlmeier Rebecca , Ye Fei , O'Grady Kristin P. , Rogers Baxter , Smith Seth A. , Bagnato Francesca 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposeParamagnetic rims and the central vein sign (CVS) are proposed imaging markers of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions. Using 7 tesla magnetic resonance imaging, we aimed to: (1) characterize the appearance of paramagnetic rim lesions (PRLs); (2) assess whether PRLs and the CVS are associated with higher levels of MS pathology; and (3) compare the characteristics between subjects with and without PRLs in early MS.MethodsProspective study of 32 treatment‐naïve subjects around the time of diagnosis who were assessed for the presence of PRLs and the CVS. Comparisons of lesion volume and macromolecular pool size ratio (PSR) index, a proxy of myelin integrity, between PRLs and non‐PRLs, and CVS‐positive and CVS‐negative lesions were carried out. Differences in clinical/demographic characteristics between patients with PRLs and those without were tested.ResultsFifteen subjects had ≥1 PRL for a total of 36 PRLs, of which two‐thirds had a full rim. PRLs predicted a larger lesion size and decreased PSR signal. Lesion volume and presence of cervical spine lesions were significantly different between subjects with PRLs and those without, although neither remained significant after adjusting for multiple comparisons. One hundred and eighty‐one lesions with CVS were identified with no differences between CVS‐positive and CVS‐negative lesions in volume (p = .27) and PSR values (p = .62).ConclusionsPRLs, but not CVS‐positive lesions, are larger and have lower myelin integrity. Our findings indicate that PRLs are associated with higher levels of lesion‐specific pathology prior to the start of disease‐modifying therapy.
A longitudinal analysis of brain volume changes in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody‐associated disease
Authors: Amin Mohammad , Al‐iedani Oun , Lea Rodney A. , Brilot Fabienne , Maltby Vicki E. , Lechner‐Scott Jeannette 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposeMyelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody‐associated disease (MOGAD) is a relapsing demyelinating condition. There are several cross‐sectional studies showing evidence of brain atrophy in people with MOGAD (pwMOGAD), but longitudinal brain volumetric assessment is still an unmet need. Current recommendations do not include monitoring with MRI and assume distinct attacks. Evidence of ongoing axon loss will have diagnostic and therapeutic implications. In this study, we assessed brain volume changes in pwMOGAD over a mean follow‐up period of 2 years and compared this to changes in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS).MethodsThis is a retrospective single‐center study over a 7‐year period from 2014 to 2021. MRI brain scans at the time of diagnosis and follow‐up in remission were collected from 14 Caucasian pwMOGAD, confirmed by serum myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein immunoglobulin G antibody presence, detected by live cell‐based assays. Total brain volume (TBV), white matter (WM), gray matter (GM), and demyelinating lesion volumes were assessed automatically using the Statistical Parametric Mapping and FMRIB automated segmentation tools. MRI brain scans at diagnosis and follow‐up on remission were collected from 32‐matched pwMS for comparison. Statistical analysis was done using analysis of variance.ResultsThere is evidence of TBV loss, affecting particularly GM, over an approximately 2‐year follow‐up period in pwMOGAD (p < .05), comparable to pwMS. WM and lesion volume change over the same period were not statistically significant (p > .1).ConclusionWe found evidence of loss of GM and TBV over time in pwMOGAD, similar to pwMS, although the WM and lesion volumes were unchanged.
Primary affective systems and personality: Disentangling the within‐person reciprocal relationships
Authors: Ion Andrei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPersonality traits and affective functioning have been closely linked. Empirical evidence suggests that the Five‐Factor Model traits have been linked with Panskepp's six primary affective systems, as measured by the Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales: SEEKING, PLAY, CARE (positive emotions) and FEAR, SADNESS, ANGER (negative emotions).ObjectiveThe present work investigated the dynamic relations between primary affective systems and FFM personality.MethodDrawing from a sample of 220 participants completing surveys on four consecutive days, we used the random intercept cross‐lagged panel model (RI‐CLPM) to investigate the associations between primary affective systems and personality traits.ResultsThe following associations were identified: bidirectional associations between negative emotions and neuroticism, unidirectional associations from SEEKING to openness and from agreeableness to three primary affective systems. No significant associations were observed between extraversion and primary affective systems.ConclusionsOur findings highlight the importance of disentangling the within‐person effects when examining the relationship between primary affective systems and personality.
Ancient mitochondrial genomes unveil the origins and evolutionary history of New Zealand's enigmatic takahē and moho
Authors: Verry Alexander J. F. , Mas‐Carrió Eduard , Gibb Gillian C. , Dutoit Ludovic , Robertson Bruce C. , Waters Jonathan M. , Rawlence Nicolas J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMany avian species endemic to Aotearoa New Zealand were driven to extinction or reduced to relict populations following successive waves of human arrival, due to hunting, habitat destruction and the introduction of mammalian predators. Among the affected species were the large flightless South Island takahē (Porphyrio hochstetteri) and the moho (North Island takahē; P. mantelli), with the latter rendered extinct and the former reduced to a single relictual population. Little is known about the evolutionary history of these species prior to their decline and/or extinction. Here we sequenced mitochondrial genomes from takahē and moho subfossils (12 takahē and 4 moho) and retrieved comparable sequence data from takahē museum skins (n = 5) and contemporary individuals (n = 17) to examine the phylogeny and recent evolutionary history of these species. Our analyses suggest that prehistoric takahē populations lacked deep phylogeographic structure, in contrast to moho, which exhibited significant spatial genetic structure, albeit based on limited sample sizes (n = 4). Temporal genetic comparisons show that takahē have lost much of their mitochondrial genetic diversity, likely due to a sudden demographic decline soon after human arrival (~750 years ago). Time‐calibrated phylogenetic analyses strongly support a sister species relationship between takahē and moho, suggesting these flightless taxa diverged around 1.5 million years ago, following a single colonisation of New Zealand by a flighted Porphyrio ancestor approximately 4 million years ago. This study highlights the utility of palaeogenetic approaches for informing the conservation and systematic understanding of endangered species whose ranges have been severely restricted by anthropogenic impacts.
IRON MAN interacts with Cu‐DEFICIENCY INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 1 to maintain copper homeostasis
Authors: Cai Yuerong , Ping Huaqian , Zhao Junhui , Li Chenyang , Li Yang , Liang Gang 
Published: November 2023

Summary

Copper (Cu) is essential for plant growth and development. IRON MAN (IMA) is a family of small peptides that can bind both iron (Fe) and Cu ions. It was reported that IMAs mediate Fe homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, it remains unclear whether IMAs are involved in Cu homeostasis.

The transcript abundance of IMA genes decreased in response to Cu deficiency. The combined disruption of all IMA genes caused enhanced tolerance to Cu deficiency and resulted in an increase in the transcript abundance of Cu uptake genes, whereas the overexpression of IMA1 or IMA3 led to the opposite results.

Protein interaction assays indicated that IMAs interact with Cu‐DEFICIENCY INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR1 (CITF1), which is a positive regulator of the Cu uptake genes. Further studies showed that IMAs not only interfere with the DNA binding of CITF1 but also repress the transcriptional activation activity of CITF1, hence resulting in downregulation of the Cu uptake genes. Genetic analyses indicated that IMAs modulate Cu homeostasis in a CITF1‐dependent manner.

Our findings indicate that IMAs inhibit the functions of CITF1 in regulating Cu deficiency responses, thereby providing a conceptual framework for comprehending the regulation of Cu homeostasis.
E3 ubiquitin ligase TaSDIR1‐4A activates membrane‐bound transcription factor TaWRKY29 to positively regulate drought resistance
Authors: Meng Ying , Lv Qian , Li Liqun , Wang Bingxin , Chen Liuping , Yang Weibing , Lei Yanhong , Xie Yanzhou , Li Xuejun 
Published: November 2023

SummaryDrought is a deleterious abiotic stress factor that constrains crop growth and development. Post‐translational modification of proteins mediated by the ubiquitin–proteasome system is an effective strategy for directing plant responses to stress, but the regulatory mechanisms in wheat remain unclear. In this study, we showed that TaSDIR1‐4A is a positive modulator of the drought response. Overexpression of TaSDIR1‐4A increased the hypersensitivity of stomata, root length and endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) content under drought conditions. TaSDIR1‐4A encodes a C3H2C3‐type RING finger protein with E3 ligase activity. Amino acid mutation in its conserved domain led to loss of activity and altered the subcellular localization. The membrane‐bound transcription factor TaWRKY29 was identified by yeast two‐hybrid screening, and it was confirmed as interacting with TaSDIR1‐4A both in vivo and in vitro. TaSDIR1‐4A mediated the polyubiquitination and proteolysis of the C‐terminal amino acid of TaWRKY29, and its translocation from the plasma membrane to the nucleus. Activated TaWRKY29 bound to the TaABI5 promoter to stimulate its expression, thereby positively regulating the ABA signalling pathway and drought response. Our findings demonstrate the positive role of TaSDIR1‐4A in drought tolerance and provide new insights into the involvement of UPS in the wheat stress response.
Vitamin D status in children with congenital melanocytic nevi
Authors: Hughes Connor T. , Dadhra Jusvinder , Polubothu Satyamaanasa , Kinsler Veronica A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCongenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) are rare, pigmented birthmarks that can predispose patients to melanoma of the central nervous system and skin. Data from non‐CMN melanoma cohorts suggest that vitamin D levels may be connected to outcome, prompting this study of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels in plasma samples from 40 children with CMN. While 27% were insufficient and 13% deficient, this was representative of European populations, and UK supplementation guidelines are already in place. Our data support routine vitamin D supplementation for all CMN patients during winter months, without routine serum measurement.
Current practices for pediatric phototherapy: Findings from a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Spencer Riley K. , Bartholomew Erin , Padniewski Jessica , Bhutani Tina , Asch Sarah 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPhototherapy is broadly utilized for treatment of inflammatory skin conditions affecting pediatric patients. However, there are no specific guidelines or recommendations for implementing phototherapy in pediatric populations leading to variability in treatment procedures. Here, we present findings from a cross‐sectional, survey‐based study investigating the implementation of phototherapy in pediatric patients across the United States. A total of 39 sites from 19 different states identified via the National Psoriasis Foundation (NPF) Health Care Provider Directory responded. Common practices included a signed informed consent prior to performing phototherapy (86.4%, n = 32), no minimum age requirement for pediatric patients (91.8%, n = 34), the use of Fitzpatrick skin type to determine dosing protocol (100%, n = 37), and allowing parents to accompany their children into the lightbox (65%, n = 20). Our results provide insights into current common practices and themes for further study.
Lamellar ichthyosis with a novel NIPAL4 variant showing dramatic response to high‐dose vitamin D therapy
Authors: Azeez Femina , Sunil Minu , Sahadevan Geethanjali , Kidangazhiathmana Ajithkumar , Mathews Irene 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTherapeutic options are limited in cases of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis with inadequate response to topical agents. Acitretin is the current standard of care in these patients, but its use is limited by cumulative toxicity when prolonged therapy is needed in children. There is evidence to suggest that high doses of vitamin D can normalize keratinization and suppress inflammatory cytokines. Here, we report a patient with lamellar ichthyosis with a novel mutation in the Nipa‐like Domain‐Containing 4 (NIPAL4) gene. High dose short‐term vitamin D therapy was administered with a dramatic and sustained clinical response.
Rice resistance against Bipolaris oryzae infection is mediated by lower foliar potassium concentration
Authors: Silva Leandro C. , Einhardt Andersom M. , Brás Verônica V. , Oliveira Lillian M. , Chaves Joicy A. A. , Pinto Luiz F. C. C. , Rodrigues Fabrício A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBrown spot, caused by Bipolaris oryzae, is a very important disease of rice. This study investigated the effect of potassium (K) on rice resistance to brown spot. The working hypothesis tested was that higher foliar K concentration could allow plants to respond more efficiently against fungal infection. Plants were grown in nutrient solution amended with three K rates (0.5, 1.0 and 2.5 mM) and noninoculated or inoculated with B. oryzae. The photosynthetic performance of plants, activities of defence and antioxidant enzymes and the concentrations of reactive oxygen species, phenolics and lignin were determined. Foliar K concentration was significantly higher by 38% and 91% for plants supplied with 1.0 and 2.5 mM K, respectively, compared to plants supplied with 0.5 mM K. Brown spot severity was significantly higher (≥20%) for plants supplied with 1.0 and 2.5 mM K than those supplied with 0.5 mM K (≤15%). Higher brown spot severity for plants supplied with 2.5 mM K resulted in changes in the photosynthetic apparatus, reduced chlorophyll a + b and carotenoids concentrations, and higher production of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion radical. In contrast, higher activities of defence and antioxidant enzymes and more production of phenolics for plants supplied with 0.5 mM K helped them to cope with B. oryzae infection more efficiently. In conclusion, rice resistance against brown spot was achieved by keeping a lower foliar K concentration linked to more active defence reactions, a robust antioxidative system and less damage to the photosynthetic apparatus.