bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Group C*-Algebras of Locally Compact Groups Acting on Trees
Authors: Heinig Dennis , de Laat Tim , Siebenand Timo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
It was proved by Samei and Wiersma that for every non-compact, closed subgroup $G$ of the automorphism group $\textrm {Aut}(T)$ of a (semi-)homogeneous tree $T$ acting transitively on the boundary $\partial T$ and every $2 \leq q &lt; p \leq \infty $, the quotient map $C^{\ast }_{L^{p+}}(G) \twoheadrightarrow C^{\ast }_{L^{q+}}(G)$ is not injective. We prove that whenever $G$, moreover, acts transitively on the vertices of $T$ and has Tits’s independence property, the group $C^{\ast }$-algebras $C^{\ast }_{L^{p+}}(G)$ are the only group $C^{\ast }$-algebras of $G$ coming from ideals of the Fourier–Stieltjes algebra. We also show that given such a group $G$, every group $C^{\ast }$-algebra $C^{\ast }_{\mu }(G)$ that is distinguishable from $C^{\ast }(G)$ and whose dual space $C^{\ast }_{\mu }(G)^{\ast }$ is an ideal in $B(G)$ is abstractly $^{\ast}$-isomorphic to $C^{\ast }_{r}(G)$.
Temporal trends and transmission dynamics of pre-treatment HIV-1 drug resistance within and between risk groups in Kenya, 1986–2020
Authors: Nduva George M , Otieno Frederick , Kimani Joshua , Sein Yiakon , Arimide Dawit A , Mckinnon Lyle R , Cholette Francois , Lawrence Morris K , Majiwa Maxwell , Masika Moses , Mutua Gaudensia , Anzala Omu , Graham Susan M , Gelmon Larry , Price Matt A , Smith Adrian D , Bailey Robert C , Medstrand Patrik , Sanders Eduard J , Esbjörnsson Joakim , Hassan Amin S 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Evidence on the distribution of pre-treatment HIV-1 drug resistance (HIVDR) among risk groups is limited in Africa. We assessed the prevalence, trends and transmission dynamics of pre-treatment HIVDR within and between MSM, people who inject drugs (PWID), female sex workers (FSWs), heterosexuals (HETs) and perinatally infected children in Kenya.

Methods
HIV-1 partial pol sequences from antiretroviral-naive individuals collected from multiple sources between 1986 and 2020 were used. Pre-treatment reverse transcriptase inhibitor (RTI), PI and integrase inhibitor (INSTI) mutations were assessed using the Stanford HIVDR database. Phylogenetic methods were used to determine and date transmission clusters.

Results
Of 3567 sequences analysed, 550 (15.4%, 95% CI: 14.2–16.6) had at least one pre-treatment HIVDR mutation, which was most prevalent amongst children (41.3%), followed by PWID (31.0%), MSM (19.9%), FSWs (15.1%) and HETs (13.9%). Overall, pre-treatment HIVDR increased consistently, from 6.9% (before 2005) to 24.2% (2016–20). Among HETs, pre-treatment HIVDR increased from 6.6% (before 2005) to 20.2% (2011–15), but dropped to 6.5% (2016–20). Additionally, 32 clusters with shared pre-treatment HIVDR mutations were identified. The majority of clusters had R0 ≥ 1.0, indicating ongoing transmissions. The largest was a K103N cluster involving 16 MSM sequences sampled between 2010 and 2017, with an estimated time to the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) of 2005 [95% higher posterior density (HPD), 2000–08], indicating propagation over 12 years.

Conclusions
Compared to HETs, children and key populations had higher levels of pre-treatment HIVDR. Introduction of INSTIs after 2017 may have abrogated the increase in pre-treatment RTI mutations, albeit in the HET population only. Taken together, our findings underscore the need for targeted efforts towards equitable access to ART for children and key populations in Kenya.
200 000 candidate very metal-poor stars in Gaia DR3 XP spectra
Authors: Yao Yupeng , Ji Alexander P , Koposov Sergey E , Limberg Guilherme 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Very metal-poor stars ($\rm [Fe/H] \lt -2$) in the Milky Way are fossil records of early chemical evolution and the assembly and structure of the Galaxy. However, they are rare and hard to find. Gaia DR3 has provided over 200 million low-resolution (R ≈ 50) XP spectra, which provides an opportunity to greatly increase the number of candidate metal-poor stars. In this work, we utilize the XGBoost classification algorithm to identify ∼200 000 very metal-poor star candidates. Compared to past work, we increase the candidate metal-poor sample by about an order of magnitude, with comparable or better purity than past studies. First, we develop three classifiers for bright stars (BP &lt; 16). They are Classifier-T (for Turn-off stars), Classifier-GC (for Giant stars with high completeness), and Classifier-GP (for Giant stars with high purity) with expected purity of 52 per cent/45 per cent/76 per cent and completeness of 32 per cent/93 per cent/66 per cent, respectively. These three classifiers obtained a total of 11 000/111 000/44 000 bright metal-poor candidates. We apply model-T and model-GP on faint stars (BP &gt; 16) and obtain 38 000/41 000 additional metal-poor candidates with purity 29 per cent/52 per cent, respectively. We make our metal-poor star catalogues publicly available, for further exploration of the metal-poor Milky Way.
Enhanced star formation and metallicity deficit in the USS 1558−003 forming protocluster at z = 2.53
Authors: Pérez-Martínez J M , Kodama T , Koyama Y , Shimakawa R , Suzuki T L , Daikuhara K , Adachi K , Onodera M , Tanaka I 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
We use K-band multi-object near-infrared spectroscopy with Keck/MOSFIRE to search for environmental imprints on the gas properties of 27 narrow-band selected H α emitters (HAEs) across the three major clumps of the assembling USS1558−003 protocluster at z = 2.53. We target the H α and [N ii]λ6584 emission lines to obtain star formation rates (SFR) and gas-phase oxygen abundances for our sources, confirming the membership of 23 objects. HAEs belonging to this protocluster display enhanced SFRs with respect to the main sequence of star formation at the same cosmic epoch. This effect is more prominent for low-mass galaxies ($\mathrm{\log \mathit{ M}_*/M_\odot \lt 10.0}$), which may be experiencing a vigorous phase of mass assembly shortly after they were formed. We compute the individual and stacked gas-phase metallicities for our sources finding a metallicity deficit for low-mass objects when compared against the field mass–metallicity relation and the massive Spiderweb protocluster at z = 2.16. These results suggest that HAEs within USS1558−003 may be less evolved than those in the Spiderweb protocluster. Finally, we explore the gas metallicity–gas fraction relation for a small sample of five galaxies with CO(3–2) molecular gas information. Assuming our objects are in equilibrium, we obtain a relatively wide range of mass loading factors (λ = 0.5–2) matching field samples at the cosmic noon but in contrast with our previous results in the Spiderweb protocluster. We speculate that these discrepancies between protoclusters may be (partly) driven by differences in their current dynamical and mass assembly stages, hinting at the co-evolution of protoclusters and their galaxy populations at 2 &lt; z &lt; 3.
The missing radial velocities of Gaia: a catalogue of Bayesian estimates for DR3
Authors: Naik Aneesh P , Widmark Axel 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
In an earlier work, we demonstrated the effectiveness of Bayesian neural networks in estimating the missing line-of-sight velocities of Gaia stars, and published an accompanying catalogue of blind predictions for the line-of-sight velocities of stars in Gaia DR3. These were not merely point predictions, but probability distributions reflecting our state of knowledge about each star. Here, we verify that these predictions were highly accurate: the DR3 measurements were statistically consistent with our prediction distributions, with an approximate error rate of 1.5 per cent. We use this same technique to produce a publicly available catalogue of predictive probability distributions for the 185 million stars up to a G-band magnitude of 17.5 still missing line-of-sight velocities in Gaia DR3. Validation tests demonstrate that the predictions are reliable for stars within approximately 7 kpc from the Sun and with distance precisions better than around 20 per cent. For such stars, the typical prediction uncertainty is 25–30 km s−1. We invite the community to use these radial velocities in analyses of stellar kinematics and dynamics, and give an example of such an application.
X-ray detection of the most extreme star-forming galaxies at the cosmic noon via strong lensing
Authors: Wang Q Daniel , Diaz Carlos Garcia , Kamieneski Patrick S , Harrington Kevin C , Yun Min S , Foo Nicholas , Frye Brenda L , Jimenez-Andrade Eric F , Liu Daizhong , Lowenthal James D , Pampliega Belén Alcalde , Pascale Massimo , Vishwas Amit , Gurwell Mark A 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Hyperluminous infrared galaxies (HyLIRGs) are the most extreme star-forming systems observed in the early Universe, and their properties still elude comprehensive understanding. We have undertaken a large XMM–Newton observing programme to probe the total accreting black hole population in three HyLIRGs at z = 2.12, 3.25, and 3.55, gravitationally lensed by foreground galaxies. Selected from the Planck All-Sky Survey to Analyse Gravitationally lensed Extreme Starbursts (PASSAGES), these HyLIRGs have apparent infrared luminosities &gt;1014 L⊙. Our observations revealed X-ray emission in each of them. PJ1336+49 appears to be dominated by high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs). Remarkably, the luminosity of this non-AGN X-ray emission exceeds by a factor of about 3 the value obtained by calibration with local galaxies with much lower star formation rates. This enhanced X-ray emission most likely highlights the efficacy of dynamical HMXB production within compact clusters, which is an important mode of star formation in HyLIRGs. The remaining two (PJ0116−24 and PJ1053+60) morphologically and spectrally exhibit a compact X-ray component in addition to the extended non-AGN X-ray emission, indicating the presence of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs). The AGN appears to be centrally located in the reconstructed source plane images of PJ0116−24, which manifests its star-forming activity predominantly within an extended galactic disc. In contrast, the AGN in the field of PJ1053+60 is projected 60 kpc away from the extreme star-forming galaxy and could be ejected from it. These results underline the synergistic potential of deep X-ray observations with strong lensing for the study of high-energy astrophysical phenomena in HyLIRGs.
The proto-galaxy of Milky Way-mass haloes in the FIRE simulations
Authors: Horta Danny , Cunningham Emily C , Sanderson Robyn , Johnston Kathryn V , Deason Alis , Wetzel Andrew , McCluskey Fiona , Garavito-Camargo Nicolás , Necib Lina , Faucher-Giguère Claude-André , Arora Arpit , Gandhi Pratik J 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Observational studies are finding stars believed to be relics of the earliest stages of hierarchical mass assembly of the Milky Way (i.e. proto-galaxy). In this work, we contextualize these findings by studying the masses, ages, spatial distributions, morphology, kinematics, and chemical compositions of proto-galaxy populations from the 13 Milky Way (MW)-mass galaxies from the FIRE-2 cosmological zoom-in simulations. Our findings indicate that proto-Milky Way populations: (i) can have a stellar mass range between 1 × 108 &lt; M⋆ &lt; 2 × 1010 [M⊙], a virial mass range between 3 × 1010 &lt; M⋆ &lt; 6 × 1011 [M⊙], and be as young as 8 ≲ Age ≲ 12.8 [Gyr] (1 ≲ z ≲ 6); (ii) are pre-dominantly centrally concentrated, with $\sim 50~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the stars contained within 5–10 kpc; (iii) on average show weak but systematic net rotation in the plane of the host’s disc at z = 0 (i.e. 0.25 ≲ 〈κ/κdisc〉 ≲ 0.8); (iv) present [α/Fe]-[Fe/H] compositions that overlap with the metal-poor tail of the host’s old disc; and (v) tend to assemble slightly earlier in Local Group-like environments than in systems in isolation. Interestingly, we find that $\sim 60~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the proto-Milky Way galaxies are comprised by 1 dominant system (1/5 ≲M⋆/M⋆, proto-MilkyWay≲ 4/5) and 4–5 lower mass systems (M⋆/M⋆, proto-MilkyWay≲ 1/10); the other $\sim 40~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ are comprised by 2 dominant systems and 3–4 lower mass systems. These massive/dominant proto-Milky Way fragments can be distinguished from the lower mass ones in chemical-kinematic samples, but appear (qualitatively) indistinguishable from one another. Our results could help observational studies disentangle if the Milky Way formed from one or two dominant systems.
From particles to orbits: precise dark matter density profiles using dynamical information
Authors: Muni Claudia , Pontzen Andrew , Sanders Jason L , Rey Martin P , Read Justin I , Agertz Oscar 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
We introduce a new method to calculate dark matter halo density profiles from simulations. Each particle is ‘smeared’ over its orbit to obtain a dynamical profile that is averaged over a dynamical time, in contrast to the traditional approach of binning particles based on their instantaneous positions. The dynamical and binned profiles are in good agreement, with the dynamical approach showing a significant reduction in Poisson noise in the innermost regions. We find that the inner cusps of the new dynamical profiles continue inward all the way to the softening radius, reproducing the central density profile of higher resolution simulations within the 95 per cent confidence intervals, for haloes in virial equilibrium. Folding in dynamical information thus provides a new approach to improve the precision of dark matter density profiles at small radii, for minimal computational cost. Our technique makes two key assumptions that the halo is in equilibrium (phase mixed) and the potential is spherically symmetric. We discuss why the method is successful despite strong violations of spherical symmetry in the centres of haloes, and explore how substructures disturb equilibrium at large radii.
H2 molecular gas in the old planetary nebula NGC 3587
Authors: Ramos-Larios G , Guerrero M A , Toalá J A , Akras S , Fang X 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
The acquisition of high-quality deep images of planetary nebulae (PNe) has allowed the detection of a wealth of small-scale features, which highlight the complexity of the formation history and physical processes shaping PNe. Here we present the discovery of three groups of clumps embedded within the nebular shell of the evolved PN NGC 3587, the Owl Nebula, that had escaped previous detections. The analysis of multi-wavelength GEMINI GMOS, NOT ALFOSC, Aristarchos Andor optical, Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope WIRCam, and Spitzer IRAC and MIPS infrared images indicates that these clumps are formed by material denser and colder than the surrounding nebula, with a notable content of molecular H2, but negligible or null amounts of dust. The presence of H2-rich pockets embedded within the ionized shell of this evolved PN is suggestive of the survival of high-density condensations of material created at the onset of the PN stage.
Persisting Anxiety: The Duration of Emotions during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Henderson Michael , Oden Ayla 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Events and leaders can generate feelings of anxiety that shape political attitudes and behavior in the short run. Yet, threats are often ephemeral, and existing literature does not show whether anxiety or its effects fade as easily as they rise. We address this gap by examining the persistence of anxiety toward the health and economic risks associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, we examine the duration of anxiety’s role in information gathering as well as the role of information search on continued experiences of anxiety. To address these questions, we use a five-wave panel survey of a representative sample of adult residents of Louisiana, a state where the COVID-19 pandemic hit particularly hard but with uneven health and economic impacts. We find evidence confirming reinforcement of anxiety, in which feeling anxious at one point in time is associated with anxiety at subsequent points independent of continued threat exposure and individual heterogeneity in the propensity to feel anxious. We also find modest evidence that biased information seeking behavior accounts for some of this reinforcement. Additionally, we find mixed evidence for the persistence of anxiety’s effects on political attitudes even after threat exposure subsides.
A potential role for chlamydial infection in rheumatoid arthritis development
Authors: Lamacchia Celine , Aymon Romain , Hattel Brian C , Aeby Sebastien , Kebbi-Beghdadi Carole , Gilbert Benoit , Studer Olivia , Norris Jill M , Nolers V Michael , Demoruelle M Kristen , Feser Marie L , Moss Laura Kay , Courvoisier Delphine S , Lauper Kim , Deane Kevin D , Greub Gilbert , Finckh Axel 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To assess the relationship between self-reported and serological evidence of prior chlamydial infection, rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-related autoantibodies and risk of RA development.

Methods
This is a nested study within a prospective Swiss-based cohort including all first-degree relatives of RA patients (RA-FDR) who answered a questionnaire on past chlamydial infections. Primary outcome was systemic autoimmunity associated with RA (RA autoimmunity) defined as positivity for anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA) and/or rheumatoid factor (RF). Secondary outcomes were high levels of RA autoimmunity, RA-associated symptoms and RA autoimmunity, and subsequent seropositive RA diagnosis. We conducted a nested case–control analysis by measuring the serological status against the major outer membrane protein of Chlamydia trachomatis. We replicated our analysis in an independent USA-based RA-FDR cohort.

Results
Among 1231 RA-FDRs, 168 (13.6%) developed RA autoimmunity. Prevalence of self-reported chlamydial infection was significantly higher in individuals with RA autoimmunity compared with controls (17.9% vs 9.8%, odds ratio [OR] = 2.00; 95% CI: 1.27, 3.09; P &lt; 0.01). This association remained significant after adjustments (OR = 1.91; 95% CI: 1.20, 2.95). Stronger effect sizes were observed in later stages of RA development. There was a similar trend between a positive C. trachomatis serology and high levels of RA autoimmunity (OR = 3.05; 95% CI: 1.10, 8.46; P = 0.032). In the replication cohort, there were significant associations between chlamydial infection and RF positivity and incident RA, but not anti-CCP positivity.

Conclusion
Self-reported chlamydial infections are associated with elevated RA autoimmunity in at-risk individuals. The differing association of chlamydial infections and ACPA/RF between cohorts will need to be explored in future studies, but is consistent with a role of mucosal origin of RA-related autoimmunity.
Modified Pedicled Internal Mammary Osteomyocutaneous Chimeric Flap for Salvage of Mandibular Reconstruction
Authors: Morin Samantha D. , Gowda Arvind U. , Chaiyasate Kongkrit 
Published: December 2023

Summary:
The modified pedicled internal mammary osteomyocutaneous chimeric flap is a powerful option for head and neck reconstruction in patients not suitable for free tissue transfer. In this article, the senior author’s (K.C.) technique for flap elevation is described in the context of a patient with mandibular osteoradionecrosis resulting in severe crossbite and trismus after multiple failed attempts at reconstruction with free tissue transfer. The modified pedicled internal mammary osteomyocutaneous chimeric flap was chosen as it offered intraoral lining, extraoral soft tissue, and vascularized bone for mandibular reconstruction without requiring free tissue transfer. The flap dissection as well as the risks, benefits, and indications for this flap are described herein. The modified pedicled internal mammary osteomyocutaneous chimeric flap is a technically complex reconstructive option reserved for situations in which conventional methods have been exhausted. It offers an eloquent solution for patients who otherwise may have no options.
Simultaneous 24-h ambulatory blood pressure measurement on both arms: a consideration for improving hypertension management
Authors: Bothe Tomas L. , Kreutz Reinhold , Glos Martin , Patzak Andreas , Pilz Niklas 
Published: December 2023

Objective:
Arterial hypertension is one of the common treatment goals in today's medicine. 24-h ambulatory blood pressure measurement (ABPM) performed by oscillometric cuff-based devices is considered as the gold standard in hypertension diagnostics. This study aims at examining the measurement accuracy of a widely used, ABPM device.

Methods:
Fifty-two young and healthy participants underwent simultaneous 24-h ABPM on the left and the right upper arm using two Boso/A&D TM-2430 oscillometric cuff-based devices. Pressure curves of the cuffs, as well as hydrostatic pressure difference between the cuffs were recorded.

Results:
The mean differences between both simultaneous measurements were 1.16 mmHg with limits of agreement of 36.23 mmHg for SBP and 1.32 mmHg with limits of agreement of 32.65 mmHg for DBP. Excluding measurements where the pressure curves were disturbed and correcting for hydrostatic pressure difference between the cuffs, reduced the measurement error. However, limits of agreement remained around 20 mmHg. There were large differences in hypertension grading and dipping pattern classification between simultaneous measurements on the left and right arm.

Conclusion:
The cuff-based ABPM device reveals notable measurement uncertainties, influencing hypertension grading, dipping pattern classification and blood pressure variability. These effects are attributed in part to disturbances during cuff deflation and hydrostatic influences. Nonetheless, ABPM has shown its clinical values in several studies, while this study underscores its still unlocked potential to improve hypertension management.
Chemokine expression profiles predict overall survival and immune infiltration in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Peng Xinyu , Lv Shengnan , Fan Yuxiang , Zhang Jian , Liu Huan , Liu Yan , Wei Feng 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Human chemokines are linked to tumour survival and perform a critical role in the pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) microenvironment. It is not known if abnormal expression of chemokines contributes to the prognostic features of PAAD. Therefore, this study explored gene alteration profiles of chemokines in PAAD and constructed a chemokine family-based prognosis signature (CPS).

Methods:
RNA-Seq and clinical data from 176 PAAD patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Bioinformatics analysis tools were used to assess the expression and prognostic value of chemokines. A profile affecting patient survival was obtained using unsupervised hierarchical clustering and a prognostic model of chemokine-related genes was constructed to explore the immune landscape.

Findings:
29 chemokines were highly expressed in PAAD tissues, and 10 were significantly associated with poor prognosis. Hierarchical clustering resulted in the classification of the PAAD cohort into 2 clusters. High levels of chemokines indicated a worse prognosis (for HR=5.4, CI=1.7-17, P=0.004). A CPS containing 7 hub genes was constructed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and stepwise multivariable Cox analysis. This signature separated PAAD patients into high and low risk groups and was confirmed as an independent prognostic factor. An ESTIMATE score and TIMER2.0 analysis further reflected the immune profile of PAAD, which had a higher percentage of localized immune cell infiltration with predominantly suppressive cells.

Interpretation:
This is the first chemokine family-based model for predicting outcomes in PAAD patients. Our work highlights the need to understand the mechanism of chemokine contributions to PAAD occurrence.