bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of a Real-Time PCR for the Molecular Identification of Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae) Intercepted in Trade
Authors: van de Vossenberg Bart T. L. H. , te Braak Naomi , Timm Alicia E. , van Noort Tom H. , Gilligan Todd M. 
Published: October 2023

The false codling moth, Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick), is a polyphagous pest indigenous to most of sub-Saharan Africa. This species is considered to be quarantined throughout much of the world, in part due to its extensive host range and significant damage caused by larval feeding. We developed a specific real-time PCR assay that allows for rapid and reliable identification of T. leucotreta. More than 150 target specimens were sequenced using an Illumina whole-genome shotgun approach to identify the most suitable loci for assay development. A hydrolysis probe that binds to a segment of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region was designed and used with a generic internal control targeting 18S rDNA. The assay was examined for cross-reactivity by testing additional Thaumatotibia species and representatives of related Olethreutine leafroller genera such as Cryptophlebia, Cydia, and Grapholita, which are often encountered in the same geographic region and on the same hosts as T. leucotreta. We compared our newly developed test to previously published TaqMan real-time PCR, SYBR Green real-time PCR, and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) tests. Our newly developed real-time PCR assay outperformed all three tests in terms of analytical specificity, with 100% accuracy. These results will help to further improve diagnostic standards for molecular identification of T. leucotreta. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Vitamin D deficiency rickets in a toddler
Authors: Dubowy Susan Martin 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Nutritional rickets is the failure of normal bone formation in children, caused by vitamin D deficiency, low calcium intake, or a combination of both. In the United States, prolonged breastfeeding without vitamin D supplementation is a major risk factor. Increasing awareness of the rationale for and importance of vitamin D supplements for all breastfed infants and children should reduce the incidence of vitamin D deficiency rickets and prevent bone deformity.
Racial disparities in pain management
Authors: Garvick Sarah J. , Banz Joe , Chin Melissa , Fesler Katie , Olson Anna M. , Wolff Emily , Gregory Tanya 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Medical journals from the 1800s described differences in disease susceptibility, skin thickness, and pain tolerance among races. These misconceptions about biologic differences, the historical exploitation of minorities in research, and implicit biases among healthcare workers have all affected patient care. Discrepancies still exist in pain assessment and management for minority patients compared with their White counterparts and lead to poor health outcomes. By implementing specific changes in policy and practice, including standardization, implicit bias training, and building a diverse workforce, clinicians can begin to provide care that more equitably manages pain for all patients, regardless of race.
PAs in the Bulgarian healthcare system
Authors: Hristova Petya , Bruza-Augatis Mirela , Platikanova Magdalena 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
This article examines the importance of the physician associate/assistant (PA) profession in the healthcare system in Bulgaria. PAs in the country primarily work in emergency medicine and surgery, and are needed in other clinical settings, such as obstetrics and gynecology and psychiatric clinics, that are experiencing challenges because of physician shortages.
Increasing donor heart use in cardiac transplantation
Authors: DeVries Stephen A. , Smith Jason 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
A shortage of donor hearts remains a critical problem in cardiac transplantation, resulting in longer recipient wait times and increased wait list mortality. The disparity between available donor hearts and patients with end-stage heart failure who need transplant is expected to grow. The donor heart pool can be increased by using organs from expanded criteria, Public Health Service increased risk, hepatitis C, and donation after circulatory death donors.
Eating disorders among bariatric surgery patients
Authors: Parsons Marissa A. , Clemens Jonathan P. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Postoperative eating behaviors and unhealthy weight control measures are leading causes of bariatric surgery complications. Candidates for bariatric surgery and individuals with eating disorders may share common risk factors, such as a history of dieting, and/or being bullied or teased for their weight. Binge-eating disorder, night eating syndrome, and bulimia nervosa are the most common eating disorders among candidates for bariatric surgery before the operation. Malnutrition, stress, and intense fear of weight gain can lead to the development of an eating disorder after surgery as well. Plugging, grazing, loss of control eating, dumping, and food avoidance are specific disordered behaviors that may present after bariatric surgery. To improve physical and psychological outcomes for individuals under their care, clinicians can screen for these disordered behaviors and distinguish them from a healthy diet and the expected postsurgical course.
Treatment options for symptomatic knee osteoarthritis in adults
Authors: Clark Gregory P. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Knee osteoarthritis is a common medical condition in adults, especially among older adults. The incidence and prevalence of knee osteoarthritis are increasing, and many healthcare providers manage patients with symptomatic presentations. This article reviews the most common nonsurgical and surgical treatment options for knee osteoarthritis, emphasizing evidence-based and practical therapies.
Dyspareunia
Authors: Hrelic Debra A. , Wax Erin M. , Saccomano Scott J. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract:
Dyspareunia in women is a recurrent pain in the genital and/or pelvic area associated with sexual intercourse. Dyspareunia is associated with increased risk of sexual dysfunction and relationship distress, and it may impact an individual's confidence, self-image, and self-esteem. Pain resulting from dyspareunia can be superficial or deep; it can range from intermittent to continuous and dull to sharp. Regardless of presentation, many women are reluctant to report symptoms to providers, making it an underreported yet common condition. The onus lies with practitioners to form trusting and safe relationships with patients in which such discussions are possible. A knowledgeable practitioner can encourage disclosure and improve outcomes for patients with dyspareunia.
The Effect of Kangaroo Care on Paternal Attachment
Authors: Yildirim Fatma , Büyükkayaci Duman Nuriye , Şahin Ebru , Vural Gülşen 
Published: October 2023

Background:
During the first interaction between the father and the infant, touch can be very important especially father–infant skin-to-skin contact. Few studies have focused on the effect of kangaroo care (KC) on paternal attachment.

Purpose:
This randomized controlled study was conducted to determine the effect of KC on paternal attachment.

Methods:
A total of 90 fathers of healthy newborns, including 45 in the intervention group and 45 in the control group who met the inclusion criteria, were included randomly in the study. Data were collected using the Introductory Information Form at study admission and the Father–Infant Attachment Scale (FIAS) at 3 months of age. T test, Mann–Whitney U test, and Kruskal–Wallis test were used for statistical analysis.

Results:
The mean FIAS scores for the intervention group (I) were higher than for the control group (C) (I: 80.57 ± 13.70; C: 56.76 ± 13.23) (P < .05). Patience and tolerance (I: 13.70 ± 1.18; C: 11.57 ± 2.30), pleasure in interaction (I: 29.50 ± 2.86; C: 17.13 ± 5.93), and love and pride (I: 37.37 ± 2.85; C: 28.06 ± 5.82) mean scores for FIAS subdimensions in the intervention group were also higher than in the control group (P < .05).

Implications for Practice and Research:
Findings of this study demonstrate that KC has the potential to increase paternal attachment. Healthcare providers should provide discharge education for fathers on KC to increase father–infant attachment. There is a need for studies with larger samples in different cultures on the factors related to parents that affect father–infant attachment and evidence-based practices that increase attachment.
Prior Cesarean Birth and Risk of Uterine Rupture in Second-Trimester Medication Abortions Using Mifepristone and Misoprostol
Authors: Henkel Andrea , Miller Hayley E. , Zhang Jiaqi , Lyell Deirdre J. , Shaw Kate A. 
Published: October 2023

OBJECTIVE:
To assess the risk difference of uterine rupture when using current mifepristone and misoprostol regimens for second-trimester abortion among individuals with prior cesarean birth compared with those without prior cesarean birth.

DATA SOURCES:
We searched the terms second trimester, induction, mifepristone, and abortion in PubMed, EMBASE, POPLINE, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane Library from inception until December 2022.

METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION:
We included randomized trials and observational studies including a mixed cohort, with and without uterine scar, of individuals at 14–28 weeks of gestation who used mifepristone and misoprostol to end a pregnancy or to manage a fetal death. We excluded case reports, narrative reviews, and studies not published in English. Two reviewers independently screened studies.

TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS:
Absolute risks with binomial CIs were calculated from pooled data. Using R software, we estimated total risk difference by the Mantel–Haenszel random-effects method without continuity correction. For studies with zero events, a continuity correction of 0.5 was applied for individual risk differences and plotted graphically with forest plots. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed with Higgins I
2 statistics. Funnel plot assessed for publication bias. Of 198 articles identified, 22 met the inclusion criteria: seven randomized trials (n=923) and 15 observational studies (n=6,195). Uterine rupture risk with prior cesarean birth was 1.1% (10/874) (95% CI 0.6–2.1) and without prior cesarean birth was 0.01% (2/6,244) (95% CI 0.0–0.12). The risk difference was 1.23% (95% CI 0.46–2.00, I
2=0%). Of the 12 reported uterine ruptures, three resulted in hysterectomy.

CONCLUSION:
Uterine rupture with mifepristone and misoprostol use during second-trimester induction abortion is rare, with the risk increased to 1% in individuals with prior cesarean birth.

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION:
PROSPERO, CRD42022302626.
Pupil Dilation Reflects Perceptual Priorities During a Receptive Speech Task
Authors: Mechtenberg Hannah , Giorio Cristal , Myers Emily B. 
Published: October 2023

Objectives:The listening demand incurred by speech perception fluctuates in normal conversation. At the acoustic-phonetic level, natural variation in pronunciation acts as speedbumps to accurate lexical selection. Any given utterance may be more or less phonetically ambiguous—a problem that must be resolved by the listener to choose the correct word. This becomes especially apparent when considering two common speech registers—clear and casual—that have characteristically different levels of phonetic ambiguity. Clear speech prioritizes intelligibility through hyperarticulation which results in less ambiguity at the phonetic level, while casual speech tends to have a more collapsed acoustic space. We hypothesized that listeners would invest greater cognitive resources while listening to casual speech to resolve the increased amount of phonetic ambiguity, as compared with clear speech. To this end, we used pupillometry as an online measure of listening effort during perception of clear and casual continuous speech in two background conditions: quiet and noise.Design:Forty-eight participants performed a probe detection task while listening to spoken, nonsensical sentences (masked and unmasked) while recording pupil size. Pupil size was modeled using growth curve analysis to capture the dynamics of the pupil response as the sentence unfolded.Results:Pupil size during listening was sensitive to the presence of noise and speech register (clear/casual). Unsurprisingly, listeners had overall larger pupil dilations during speech perception in noise, replicating earlier work. The pupil dilation pattern for clear and casual sentences was considerably more complex. Pupil dilation during clear speech trials was slightly larger than for casual speech, across quiet and noisy backgrounds.Conclusions:We suggest that listener motivation could explain the larger pupil dilations to clearly spoken speech. We propose that, bounded by the context of this task, listeners devoted more resources to perceiving the speech signal with the greatest acoustic/phonetic fidelity. Further, we unexpectedly found systematic differences in pupil dilation preceding the onset of the spoken sentences. Together, these data demonstrate that the pupillary system is not merely reactive but also adaptive—sensitive to both task structure and listener motivation to maximize accurate perception in a limited resource system.
Improved 30-Day Survival Estimation in ICU Patients: A Comparative Analysis of Different Approaches With Real-World Data*
Authors: Vacheron Charles-Hervé , Friggeri Arnaud , Gerbaud-Coulas Chloe , Dagonneau Tristan , Timsit Jean Francois , Allaouchiche Bernard , Wallet Florent , Bohe Julien , Piriou Vincent , Maucort-Boulch Delphine , Fauvernier Mathieu 
Published: October 2023

OBJECTIVES:
The objective of this study was to compare three different approaches for estimating 30-day survival in ICU studies, considering the issue of informative censoring that occurs when patients are lost to follow-up after discharge.

DESIGN:
A comparative analysis was conducted to evaluate the effect of different approaches on the estimation of 30-day survival. Three methods were compared: the classical approach using the Kaplan-Meier (KM) estimator and Cox regression modeling, the competing risk approach using the Fine and gray model, considering censoring as a competing event, and the logistic regression approach.

SETTING:
The study was conducted in a university ICU and data from patients admitted between 2010 and 2020 were included. Patient characteristics were collected from electronic records.

PATIENTS:
A total of 10,581 patients were included in the study. The true date of death for each patient, obtained from a national registry, allowed for an absence of censoring.

INTERVENTIONS:
All patients were censored at the time of discharge from the ICU, and the three different approaches were applied to estimate the mortality rate and the effects of covariates on mortality. Regression analyses were performed using five variables known to be associated with ICU mortality.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
The 30-day survival rate for the included patients was found to be 80.5% (95% CI, 79.7–81.2%). The KM estimator severely underestimated the 30-day survival (50.6%; 95% CI, 48.0–53.4%), while the competing risk and logistic regression approaches provided similar results, only slightly overestimating the survival rate (84.5%; 95% CI, 83.8–85.2%). Regression analyses showed that the estimates were not systematically biased, with the Cox and logistic regression models exhibiting greater bias compared with the competing risk regression method.

CONCLUSIONS:
The competing risk approach provides more accurate estimates of 30-day survival and is less biased compared with the other methods evaluated.
Five Domains of a Conceptual Framework of Continuing Professional Development
Authors: Sklar David P. , Chan Teresa , Illing Jan , Madhavpeddi Adrienne , Rayburn William F. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Continuing professional development (CPD) for health professionals involves efforts at improving health of individuals and the population through educational activities of health professionals who previously attained a recognized level of acceptable proficiency (licensure). However, those educational activities have inconsistently improved health care outcomes of patients. We suggest a conceptual change of emphasis in designing CPD to better align it with the goals of improving health care value for patients through the dynamic incorporation of five distinct domains to be included in learning activities. We identify these domains as: (1) identifying, appraising, and learning new information [New Knowledge]; (2) ongoing practicing of newly or previously acquired skills to maintain expertise [New Skills and Maintenance]; (3) sharing and transfer of new learning for the health care team which changes their practice [Teams]; (4) analyzing data to identify problems and drive change resulting in improvements in the health care system and patient outcomes [Quality Improvement]; and (5) promoting population health and prevention of disease [Prevention]. We describe how these five domains can be integrated into a comprehensive conceptual framework of CPD, supported by appropriate learning theories that align with the goals of the health care delivery system. Drawing on these distinct but interrelated areas of CPD will help organizers and directors of learning events to develop their activities to meet the goals of learners and the health care system.
Diagnosis of primary clear cell carcinoma of the liver based on Faster region-based convolutional neural network
Authors: Liu Bin , Li Jianfei , Yang Xue , Chen Feng , Zhang Yanyan , Li Hongjun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground:Distinguishing between primary clear cell carcinoma of the liver (PCCCL) and common hepatocellular carcinoma (CHCC) through traditional inspection methods before the operation is difficult. This study aimed to establish a Faster region-based convolutional neural network (RCNN) model for the accurate differential diagnosis of PCCCL and CHCC.Methods:In this study, we collected the data of 62 patients with PCCCL and 1079 patients with CHCC in Beijing YouAn Hospital from June 2012 to May 2020. A total of 109 patients with CHCC and 42 patients with PCCCL were randomly divided into the training validation set and the test set in a ratio of 4:1.The Faster RCNN was used for deep learning of patients' data in the training validation set, and established a convolutional neural network model to distinguish PCCCL and CHCC. The accuracy, average precision, and the recall of the model for diagnosing PCCCL and CHCC were used to evaluate the detection performance of the Faster RCNN algorithm.Results:A total of 4392 images of 121 patients (1032 images of 33 patients with PCCCL and 3360 images of 88 patients with CHCC) were uesd in test set for deep learning and establishing the model, and 1072 images of 30 patients (320 images of nine patients with PCCCL and 752 images of 21 patients with CHCC) were used to test the model. The accuracy of the model for accurately diagnosing PCCCL and CHCC was 0.962 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.931–0.992). The average precision of the model for diagnosing PCCCL was 0.908 (95% CI: 0.823–0.993) and that for diagnosing CHCC was 0.907 (95% CI: 0.823–0.993). The recall of the model for diagnosing PCCCL was 0.951 (95% CI: 0.916–0.985) and that for diagnosing CHCC was 0.960 (95% CI: 0.854–0.962). The time to make a diagnosis using the model took an average of 4 s for each patient.Conclusion:The Faster RCNN model can accurately distinguish PCCCL and CHCC. This model could be important for clinicians to make appropriate treatment plans for patients with PCCCL or CHCC.
Eosinophils in Traditionally Noneosinophil-Rich Dermatoses
Authors: Sanchez Isabella , Ibraheim Marina K. , Lee Bonnie A. , Kraus Christina N. , Elsensohn Ashley 
Published: October 2023

Abstract:
The presence or absence of tissue eosinophilia has previously aided in the diagnosis of inflammatory skin conditions. However, recent studies have elucidated the presence of eosinophils in traditionally eosinophil-poor inflammatory skin diseases, such as dermatomyositis (DM), psoriasis, and lichen sclerosus (LS). This systematic review of the literature explores previous studies of tissue eosinophilia in skin biopsies of dermatoses that are believed to be classically poor in eosinophil. We identified 26 studies, the majority of which were retrospective reviews. The percent of specimens with increased eosinophils in psoriasis ranged from 18%–73%, pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) 22%–63%, LS 29%–53%, DM 15%–44%, morphea 8%–45%, hypertrophic lichen planus (LP) 0%–21%, and oral LP 0%–4%. These reports of tissue eosinophilia in reputed eosinophil-poor dermatologic conditions present a diagnostic pitfall and suggest that tissue eosinophilia itself should not be used to rule out a diagnosis of one of these conditions.
The Differences in the Practice of Cosmetic Dermatologic Procedures Between Physicians and Nonphysicians
Authors: Aleisa Abdullah , Lu Jasmine Thai , Al Saud Aljohara , Veldhuizen Inge J. , Rossi Anthony M. , Lee Kachiu C. 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND
With a rise in demand for cosmetic dermatologic procedures comes an increase in nonphysician providers performing such procedures. However, little is known about the practice of cosmetic procedures performed by nonphysicians.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the differences in the practice of cosmetic procedures provided by physicians and nonphysicians.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A cross-sectional analysis was performed using participant (n = 4,062) responses to an 18-point, web-based survey about previous cosmetic procedures.

RESULTS
In total, 1,328 participants reported having previous cosmetic procedures done by a physician (n = 828), a nonphysician (n = 413), or an unknown provider (n = 87). Respondents of all age ranges and male respondents (p < .001) tended to choose physicians over nonphysician providers when choosing a practice. Moderate adverse events were more frequently seen when nonphysician providers completed cosmetic procedures (p < .001). Despite a higher frequency (73.3% vs 51.8%) of more moderate complications seen in procedures done by nonphysician providers, over 70% of respondents believe that nonphysician providers are qualified enough to continue performing cosmetic procedures.

CONCLUSION
People should be encouraged to make an informed decision when choosing a provider because cosmetic procedures are still considered medical procedures.