bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Material World of 3D‐Bioprinted and Microfluidic‐Chip Models of Human Liver Fibrosis
Authors: Carvalho Ana Margarida , Bansal Ruchi , Barrias Cristina C. , Sarmento Bruno 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBiomaterials are extensively used to mimic cell–matrix interactions, which are essential for cell growth, function, and differentiation. This is particularly relevant when developing in vitro disease models of organs rich in extracellular matrix, like the liver. Liver disease involves a chronic wound‐healing response with formation of scar tissue known as fibrosis. At early stages, liver disease can be reverted, but as disease progresses, reversion is no longer possible, and there is no cure. Research for new therapies is hampered by the lack of adequate models that replicate the mechanical properties and biochemical stimuli present in the fibrotic liver. Fibrosis is associated with changes in the composition of the extracellular matrix that directly influence cell behavior. Biomaterials could play an essential role in better emulating the disease microenvironment. In this paper, the recent and cutting‐edge biomaterials used for creating in vitro models of human liver fibrosis are revised, in combination with cells, bioprinting, and/or microfluidics. These technologies have been instrumental to replicate the intricate structure of the unhealthy tissue and promote medium perfusion that improves cell growth and function, respectively. A comprehensive analysis of the impact of material hints and cell–material interactions in a tridimensional context is provided.
Accessing Indenoazulenes via a Gold‐Catalysed Cyclisation of Cycloheptatrienyl‐Substituted 1,5‐Diynes
Authors: Mackenroth Alexandra V. , Ahrens Alexander , Wunsch Jonas F. , Berger Raphael , Rominger Frank , Rudolph Matthias , Hashmi A. Stephen K. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHerein we report that cycloheptatrienyl‐substituted 1,5‐diynes with aromatic backbones undergo a gold‐catalysed 5‐endo‐dig cyclisation to give 11H‐indeno‐[2,1‐a]azulenes at room temperature. This methodology complements the established range of aromatic structures obtained from gold‐catalysed conversions of differently substituted 1,5‐diynes accessed via highly reactive cationic intermediates. We have demonstrated the scope of the reaction and have assessed the possibility of further functionalisation of the indenoazulene scaffold. Additionally, we have studied the optical and electrochemical properties as well as the frontier molecular orbitals of this structural motif by both spectroscopic and theoretical means.
A Pyrazine‐Pyridinamine Covalent Organic Framework as a Low Potential Anode for Highly Durable Aqueous Calcium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Chunfang , Li Ran , Zhu Yuchao , Wang Yaxin , Lin Yilun , Zhong Leheng , Chen Hui , Tang Zijie , Li Hongfei , Liu Feng , Zhi Chunyi , Lv Haiming 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRechargeable aqueous calcium‐ion batteries (CIBs) are promising for reliable large‐scale energy storage. However, they face significant challenges, primarily stemming from suboptimal anodes, resulting in unfavorable voltage profiles, limited capacity, and diminished durability, all of which hinder the development of CIBs. Here, a covalent organic framework (PTHAT‐COF) featuring repeated pyrazine and pyridinamine units, employed as the anode material for aqueous CIBs, is introduced. This innovative approach results in a remarkably flat ultralow potential plateau ranging from −0.6 to −1.05 V (vs Ag/AgCl), attributed to the high level of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital. Furthermore, the PTHAT‐COF anode exhibits outstanding rate performance (152.3 mAh g−1 @ 1 A g−1), exceptional long‐term cycling stability, and remarkable capacity retention (10 000 cycles with 89.9% retention). Mechanistic studies, including experimental and theoretical calculations, reveal that C═N active sites reversibly trap Ca2+ ions via chemisorption during the discharging/charging process. The PTHAT‐COF demonstrates exceptional structural stability throughout cycling. Finally, by pairing PTHAT‐COF with a high‐voltage manganese‐based Prussian blue cathode, a complete aqueous CIB with a voltage interval of 2.2 V is achieved, exhibiting extraordinary durability (10 000 cycles with 83.6% retention). This research illuminates the potential of organic anode materials in aqueous batteries to achieve higher battery voltages.
Clinical phenotypes of individuals with Chung–Jansen syndrome across age groups
Authors: Sudnawa Khemika K. , Calamia Sean , Geltzeiler Alexa , Chung Wendy K. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPathogenic variants in pleckstrin homology domain interacting protein (PHIP) are associated with Chung–Jansen syndrome characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability, behavioral challenges, hypotonia, obesity, and dysmorphic features. We report phenotypes and genotypes of 47 individuals with likely pathogenic/pathogenic PHIP variants. Variants were de novo in 61.7%, unknown inheritance in 29.8%, and inherited in 8.5%. The median age of the individuals was 10.9 years, approximately equally divided by sex. Individuals in this cohort frequently had a history of developmental delay (85.1%), attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (51.1%), anxiety (46.8%), depression (27.7%), and sleep difficulties (42.6%). Depression was significantly higher in the older age group (>12 years old). Most individuals had moderately low adaptive functioning based on the Vineland‐3 (mean = 76.8, standard deviation = 12.0). Overall, 55.8% of individuals were obese/overweight. The percentage of obese individuals was greater in the older age group (>12 years old) and evolves over time. Other common symptoms were hypotonia (78.7%), constipation (48.9%), visual problems (66%), and cryptorchidism (39.1% of males). Our findings provide additional natural history data for Chung–Jansen syndrome and provide opportunities for early intervention of healthy eating habits and awareness of developing mood and behavioral challenges over the life course.
Eat the fruit earlier: Sakis (Pithecia chrysocephala) show enhanced temporal fruit resource access compared with squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) in an urban forest fragment in Brazil
Authors: Take Makiko , Yumoto Takakazu , Barnett Adrian A. , Onizawa Kota , Spironello Wilson R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFruit availability experienced by different primate species is likely to vary due to species‐specific fruit use, even within the same habitat and timeframe. Pitheciines, primates of the subfamily Pitheciinae, particularly favor the seeds of unripe fruits. Researchers consider this dietary characteristic an adaptation to increase access to fruit resources. However, the relative advantages of pitheciines over sympatric non‐pitheciine non‐seed‐eating primates regarding species‐specific fruit availability is not well studied. In a 26‐ha forest within the city of Manaus, Amazonian Brazil, we assessed the wild‐food feeding behavior of free‐ranging groups of golden‐faced sakis (Pithecia chrysocephala) and sympatric common squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus). We hypothesized that sakis would have greater and more consistent access to wild fruit due to (1) a wider variety of fruit species in their diet, and (2) longer consumption periods per fruit species. We recorded the plant species, part (pulp or seed), and developmental stage (ripe or unripe) of wild fruit consumed by both species. We also conducted monthly fruit censuses of 1000 trees and vines to estimate overall wild fruit abundance. As an indicator of fruit availability, we calculated the proportion of available fruiting trees and vines for each primate species separately based on their observed diet. Throughout the year, the proportion of available trees and vines was significantly higher and more temporally stable for sakis than for squirrel monkeys. This was because sakis used shared fruit species longer than squirrel monkeys by consuming both ripe and unripe fruit. Although sakis had a broader fruit repertoire than squirrel monkeys, it did not contribute to the higher fruit availability. Thus, the fruit feeding system of sakis identifies aspects of a niche that is less restricted in the timing of fruit consumption, which led to a relative advantage in fruit availability.
Hippocampal Perfusion Affects Motor and Cognitive Functions in Parkinson Disease: An Early Phase 18F‐FP‐CIT Positron Emission Tomography Study
Authors: Chun Min Young , Chung Seok Jong , Kim Su Hong , Park Chan Wook , Jeong Seong Ho , Lee Hye Sun , Lee Phil Hyu , Sohn Young H. , Jeong Yong , Kim Yun Joong 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveWe investigated whether hippocampal perfusion changes are associated with cognitive decline, motor deficits, and the risk of dementia conversion in patients with Parkinson disease (PD).MethodsWe recruited patients with newly diagnosed and nonmedicated PD and healthy participants who underwent dual phase 18F‐N‐(3‐fluoropropyl)‐2β‐carboxymethoxy‐3β‐(4‐iodophenyl) nortropane positron emission tomography scans. Patients were classified into 3 groups according to hippocampal perfusion measured by standard uptake value ratios (SUVRs): (1) PD hippocampal hypoperfusion group (1 standard deviation [SD] below the mean hippocampal SUVR of healthy controls; PD‐hippo‐hypo), (2) PD hippocampal hyperperfusion group (1 SD above the mean; PD‐hippo‐hyper), and (3) the remaining patients (PD‐hippo‐normal). We compared the baseline cognitive performance, severity of motor deficits, hippocampal volume, striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) availability, and risk of dementia conversion among the groups.ResultsWe included 235 patients (PD‐hippo‐hypo, n = 21; PD‐hippo‐normal, n = 157; PD‐hippo‐hyper, n = 57) and 48 healthy participants. Patients in the PD‐hippo‐hypo group were older and had smaller hippocampal volumes than those in the other PD groups. The PD‐hippo‐hypo group showed less severely decreased DAT availability in the putamen than the other groups despite similar severities of motor deficit. The PD‐hippo‐hypo group had a higher risk of dementia conversion compared to the PD‐hippo‐normal (hazard ratio = 2.59, p = 0.013) and PD‐hippo‐hyper (hazard ratio = 3.73, p = 0.006) groups, despite similar cognitive performance at initial assessment between groups.InterpretationHippocampal hypoperfusion may indicate a reduced capacity to cope with neurodegenerative processes in terms of the development of motor deficits and cognitive decline in patients with PD. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:388–399
Determinants of Functional Outcome after Pediatric Hemispherotomy
Authors: Ramantani Georgia , Cserpan Dorottya , Tisdall Martin , Otte Willem M. , Dorfmüller Georg , Cross J. Helen , van Schooneveld Monique , van Eijsden Pieter , Nees Frauke , Reuner Gitta , Krayenbühl Niklaus , Zentner Josef , Bulteau Christine , Braun Kees P. J. 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate determinants of functional outcome after pediatric hemispherotomy in a large and recent multicenter cohort.MethodsWe retrospectively investigated the functional outcomes of 455 children who underwent hemispherotomy at 5 epilepsy centers in 2000–2016. We identified determinants of unaided walking, voluntary grasping with the hemiplegic hand, and speaking through Bayesian multivariable regression modeling using missing data imputation.ResultsSeventy‐five percent of children were seizure‐free, and 44% stopped antiseizure medication at a 5.1‐year mean follow‐up (range = 1–17.1). Seventy‐seven percent of children could walk unaided, 8% could grasp voluntarily, and 68% could speak at the last follow‐up. Children were unlikely to walk when they had contralateral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities (40/73, p = 0.04), recurrent seizures following hemispherotomy (62/109, p = 0.04), and moderately (50/61, p = 0.03) or severely impaired (127/199, p = 0.001) postsurgical intellectual functioning, but were likely to walk when they were older at outcome determination (p = 0.01). Children were unlikely to grasp voluntarily with the hand contralateral to surgery when they had Rasmussen encephalitis (0/61, p = 0.001) or Sturge–Weber syndrome (0/32, p = 0.007). Children were unlikely to speak when they had contralateral MRI abnormalities (30/69, p = 0.002) and longer epilepsy duration (p = 0.01), but likely to speak when they had Sturge–Weber syndrome (29/35, p = 0.01), were older at surgery (p = 0.04), and were older at outcome determination (p < 0.001).InterpretationEtiology and bilaterality of structural brain abnormalities were key determinants of functional outcome after hemispherotomy. Longer epilepsy duration affected language outcomes. Not surprisingly, walking and talking ability increased with older age at outcome evaluation. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:377–387
Maturation of the [FeFe]‐Hydrogenase: Direct Transfer of the (κ3‐cysteinate)FeII(CN)(CO)2 Complex B from HydG to HydE
Authors: Omeiri Juneina , Martin Lydie , Usclat Anthony , Cherrier Mickael V. , Nicolet Yvain 
Published: November 2023

Abstract[FeFe]‐hydrogenases efficiently catalyze the reversible oxidation of molecular hydrogen. Their prowess stems from the intricate H‐cluster, combining a [Fe4S4] center with a binuclear iron center ([2Fe]H). In the latter, each iron atom is coordinated by a CO and CN ligand, connected by a CO and an azadithiolate ligand. The synthesis of this active site involves a unique multiprotein assembly, featuring radical SAM proteins HydG and HydE. HydG initiates the transformation of L‐tyrosine into cyanide and carbon monoxide to generate complex B, which is subsequently transferred to HydE to continue the biosynthesis of the [2Fe]H‐subcluster. Due to its instability, complex B isolation for structural or spectroscopic characterization has been elusive thus far. Nevertheless, the use of a biomimetic analogue of complex B allowed circumvention of the need for the HydG protein during in vitro functional investigations, implying a similar structure for complex B. Herein, we used the HydE protein as a nanocage to encapsulate and stabilize the complex B product generated by HydG. Using X‐ray crystallography, we successfully determined its structure at 1.3 Å resolution. Furthermore, we demonstrated that complex B is directly transferred from HydG to HydE, thus not being released into the solution post‐synthesis, highlighting a transient interaction between the two proteins.
Machine learning‐assisted analysis and prediction for the thermal effect of various working fluids in a vortex tube
Authors: Wang Zheng , Li Nian , Zhong Jialun , Gao Neng , Guo Xiangji , Chen Guangming 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWith the widespread application of vortex tube in various fields, it becomes essential to quantitatively explore the separation effect of different fluids (natural fluids, hydrocarbons, etc.) within the vortex tube and to promote its utilization. A new approach has been developed in this study to establish quantitative models for predicting the thermal effects of different fluids in a vortex tube. These models are based on both the macro properties of the working fluid and micro molecular descriptor through a molecular scale. A dataset of 11 numerical simulation results of hydrocarbons and hydrofluorocarbons refrigerants is employed. Three operating conditions, 10 property parameters, and 115 molecular descriptors are screened and identified using random forest feature analysis. Two types of models (micro and macro) have been developed by employing artificial neural network (ANN) modeling techniques. In the result, four key influencing fluid property parameters (the specific heat ratio γ, the multiplication of heat capacity and the molar weight cp·M, the kinematic viscosity ν, and the thermal conductivity λ) and nine molecular descriptors in affecting the thermal effect are identified and respectively chosen as the input in the macro and the micro ANN model establishment. Both types of developed models show a high correlation coefficient (R > .999) and a comparatively low mean square error (MSE). When R600 is employed in the validation, most of the relative error is less than 10%, suggesting both types of models can work effectively in predicting the thermal effect for other fluid. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the thermodynamic effect of vortex tubes and provide a valuable tool for selecting and optimizing working fluids in various applications.
Observations on some reproductive features of the threatened limpet Patella ferruginea Gmelin, 1791 in north‐western Mediterranean Italian waters
Authors: Guallart Javier , Ferranti Maria Paola , Chiantore Mariachiara 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Information about the reproductive biology of the threatened limpet Patella ferruginea has been historically restricted to some of the few enclaves where healthy and conspicuous populations still persist, all located on the African coasts of the Alboran Sea, at the extreme south west of the species’ distribution range, in the western basin of the Mediterranean.
This paper provides data on sex ratio by size and sex change of the species from specimens in the northernmost extreme of its distribution, between the north east of Sardinia (Italy) and the Gulf of Genoa (Liguria, Italy), where much more restricted and small populations are found.
In the study area, the population parameters were found to be quite similar to those known from the Alboran Sea: The ratio between males and females tends to decrease with size and the prevalence of females versus males (i.e. >50% females) from the 60–65 mm size class upwards.
Notwithstanding the small sample size (n = 13), several sex changes were observed in 38.5% of specimens. Noteworthy is that this change not only occurred in the male to female direction (considered ‘normal’ for limpet species) but was also recorded in the female to male direction, confirming the complexity of the reproductive mode of P. ferruginea.
The evidence of regular gonadal maturation of specimens and the occurrence of sex changes in the area investigated supports the potential viability of the species at its northernmost limit of distribution, where the species has only recently been reported. Such evidence provides important information for the implementation of management and conservation actions, such as restocking initiatives.
Die pH‐Abhängigkeit der Fluoreszenz von Naphthalinderivaten
Authors: Förster Th. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDie Unabhängigkeit der Umschläge von Fluoreszenz‐ und Absorptionsspektren beim Durchlaufen der pH‐Skala in wäßriger Lösung ist bei Erregung durch hinreichend kurzwelliges Licht auch an Naphtholen. Naphthylaminen und deren Sulfonsäuren zu beobachten. Die Erscheinungen lassen sich durch mehr oder weniger vollständige Einstellung der elektrolytischen Dissoziationsgleichgewichte während der Anregungsdauer erklären. Die Deutung der bei Sulfonsäuren aromatischer Amine in alkalischer Lösung beobachteten Fluoreszenzumschläge durch Dissoziation der Aminogruppen wird durch Untersuchungen an Dimethylaminosulfonsäuren bestätigt.
Über elektrochemische Grundbegriffe, insbesondere der Elektrode Metall/Lösung
Authors: Lange Erich 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEine unnötige, zum Teil verwirrende Vielfalt oder Unklarheit bisher verwendeter elektrochemischer Begriffe hat in zunehmendem Maße das Bedürfnis geweckt, soweit wie möglich auf freiwilliger Basis zu einer gewissen Einheitlichkeit in klaren Definitionen zu gelangen, was sich sicher zum Nutzen der elektrochemischen Forschung, des internationalen Gedankenaustausches und des Unterrichtes in der Elektrochemie auswirken müßte. Selbstverständlich wird man nicht leichtfertig von bewährten historischen Begriffen abweichen, aber andererseits kann eine Verbesserung des bisherigen unbefriedigenden Zustandes nur erreicht werden, wenn manche Gewohnheiten zugunsten ernster sachlicher Argumente zurücktreten. Dabei muß auf angrenzende Gebiete, z. B. der Elektronenemission, der thermoelektrischen Größen sowie auf gewisse elektrotechnische Gepflogenheiten hinreichende Rücksicht genommen werden. Diesem Ziel hat auch die diesjährige zweite Tagung des Internationalen Komitees für elektrochemische Thermodynamik und Kinetik in Mailand gebührende Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt.Als Beitrag zu dieser nicht leichten, aber doch wichtigen Aufgabe möge nachstehend eine Reihe erprobter Definitionen zusammengestellt werden. Von zweitrangiger Bedeutung sind dabei die zwar auch bewährten, aber schließlich doch jeder einzelnen Sprache individuell anzupassenden Bezeichnungen und Symbole. Vor allem in bezug auf letztere kann es der Sache nur dienlich sein, wenn in einem internationalen Erfahrungsaustausch etwaige bessere Gegenvorschläge dem Verfasser mitgeteilt oder publiziert werden. Allerdings müßte stets geprüft werden, ob ein solcher Gegenvorschlag wirklich sachlich und logisch eine Verbesserung im gesamten System darstellt.In sachlicher Hinsicht bedarf es dabei stets hinreichender Klarheit über die zugrunde liegenden Messungen und darauf fußenden Begriffe, insbesondere bezüglich der dabei vorkommenden Stoffe, Stoffänderungen, Energien, Energieänderungen, also der einschlägigen chemisch‐thermodynamischen Aussagen über Gleichgewichte und reversible Vorgänge. Damit lassen sich dann die darüber hinausgehenden irreversiblen Komplikationen der elektrochemischen Kinetik deutlich herausschälen.
Über das elektromotorische Verhalten von Eisen
Authors: Bonhoeffer K. F. , Jena W. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEs wurden Stromspannungskurven von 11 verschiedenen Eisensorten in sauren Elektrolytlösungen aufgenommen. Diese Kurven stellen eine Überlagerung einer Stromspannungskurve der kathodischen H2‐Entwicklung und einer Stromspannungskurve der anodischen Eisenauflösung dar. Mit analytischen Mikromethoden wurden diese Teilstromspannungskurven aufgenommen. Auch bei anodischer Polarisierung wird noch H2 entwickelt, auch bei kathodischer Polarisation geht noch Eisen in Lösung, und zwar läßt sich die Auflösung des Eisens bis zu dem Potential verfolgen, das dem reversiblen Eisenpotential entspricht. Der Polarisationswiderstand “equation” erwies sich als stark abhängig von der Eisensorte und zeigte einen eindeutigen Zusammenhang mit der Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit. Dies wird mit Hilfe der Teilstromspannungskurve gedeutet.Elektrolytisch abgeschiedenes Eisen spricht reversibel konzentrationsrichtig auf Ferroionen an. Das Verhalten des Eisens wird qualitativ durch kinetische Auffassung des elektrochemischen Gleichgewichtes gedeutet.
Zur Thermodynamik von Mischphasen VIII Über das Verdampfungsgleichgewicht Methanol‐n‐Butylazetat
Authors: Sieg L. , Crützen J. L. , Jost W. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIm Rahmen unserer Untersuchungen zur Thermodynamik von Mischphasen wurden Gleichgewichts‐diagramme des Systems Methanol‐n‐Butylazetat bei mehreren Temperaturen aufgenommen und daraus die thermodynamischen Funktionen ermittelt. Diese wurden durch direkte Messung der Mischungswärmen und spezifischen Wärmen kontrolliert.
Zur Elektrochemie feinporiger Kapillarsysteme: II Elektroosmose
Authors: Schmid Gerhard 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEs wird gezeigt, daß sich die von E. Manegold und K. Solf gefundenen systematischen Abweichungen des elektroosmotischen Verhaltens feinporiger Kollodiummembranen von den Helmholtz‐Smoluchowskischen Gleichungen zwanglos verstehen und zum Teil quantitativ erklären lassen, wenn man von der Vorstellung einer im Vergleich zum Porenradius sehr dünnen elektrischen Doppelschicht an der Porenwand abgeht und, umgekehrt idealisierend, die Gegenionen zur Wandladung als annähernd gleichmäßig über das Innere der Porenflüssigkeit verteilt voraussetzt. Die auf dieser Vorstellung aufgebauten, in der I. Mitteilung bereits aufgeführten Formeln der Elektroosmose werden genauer abgeleitet und auf die Versuche von Manegold und Solf angewandt.