bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of cerebrospinal fluid parameters with treatment and complications among children with cerebrospinal fluid shunt infections: a multicenter study
Authors: Hawkes Michael T. , McAlpine Alastair , Barton Michelle , Ranger Adrianna , Balamohan Archana , Davies H. Dele , Skar Gwenn , Lefebvre Marie-Astrid , Almadani Ahmed , Freire Dolores , Saux Nicole Le , Bowes Jennifer , Srigley Jocelyn A. , Passarelli Patrick , Bradley John , Khan Sarah , Purewal Rupeena , Viel-Thériault Isabelle , Robinson Joan L. , _ _ 
Published: October 2023

OBJECTIVE
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil percentage, protein concentration, and glucose level are typically measured at diagnosis and serially during the treatment of CSF shunt infections. The objective of this retrospective cohort study was to describe the longitudinal profile of CSF parameters in children with CSF shunt infections and assess their association with treatment and outcome.

METHODS
Participants were children treated at 11 tertiary pediatric hospitals in Canada and the United States for CSF shunt infection, from July 1, 2013, through June 30, 2019, with hardware removal, external ventricular drain placement, intravenous antibiotics, and subsequent permanent shunt reinsertion. The relationship between CSF parameters and a complicated course (a composite outcome representing children with at least one of the following: contiguous soft-tissue infection, worsening hydrocephalus, CSF leak, intracranial bleed, brain abscess, venous thrombosis, reinfection after insertion of the new shunt, other complication, ICU admission, or death) was analyzed.

RESULTS
A total of 109 children (median age 2.8 years, 44% female) were included in this study. CSF pleocytosis, elevated protein, and hypoglycorrhachia had sensitivities of 69%, 47%, and 38% for the diagnosis of culture-confirmed CSF shunt infection, respectively. The longitudinal profile of the neutrophil percentage followed a monotonic trend, decreasing by 1.5% (95% CI 1.0%–2.0%, p < 0.0001) per day over the course of treatment. The initial WBC count differed significantly between pathogens (p = 0.011), but the proportion of neutrophils, protein concentration, and glucose level did not, and was lowest with Cutibacterium acnes. The duration of antibiotic treatment and the time to shunt reinsertion were longer in patients with a higher initial neutrophil percentage. Fifty-eight patients (53%) had one or more complications during their admission. A neutrophil percentage > 44% (Youden index) in the initial CSF sample was associated with a 1.8-fold (95% CI 1.2- to 2.8-fold) higher relative risk of a complicated course. In a random-intercept, random-slope linear mixed-effects model, the longitudinal neutrophil trajectory differed significantly between patients with and without complications (p = 0.030).

CONCLUSIONS
A higher proportion of neutrophils in the CSF at diagnosis was associated with a complicated clinical course. Other CSF parameters were associated with treatment and outcome; however, wide variability in values may limit their clinical utility.
SPEECH ERRORS IN ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE ON SOUTH KOREAN TV SHOW "MY ENGLISH PUBERTY 100 HOURS"
Authors: Yahya Nuruzzakiyyah 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The speech errors in the South Korean TV show "My English Puberty 100 Hours" are examined in this study. Using Clark & Clark and Fromkin's theory, the researcher investigates many speech errors. Researchers pioneered the speech error patterns of artists by studying the types of speech errors. In addition to these two aspects, the researcher used Clark & Clark's theory to investigate the reasons for speech errors. The qualitative descriptive analysis method is used in this study. The data was gathered from the English utterances of the artists who took part in the television show "My English Puberty 100 Hours." After watching the video numerous times, the researcher created a transcript to collect data. The researcher found that two speech errors, namely silent pause and interjection, did not show their presence in the study. Meanwhile, the researcher could not find four types of a slip of the tongue, including anticipation, preservation, misderivation/shift, and haplologies/blend. The researchers found that in the television show "My English Puberty 100 Hours," artists frequently make speech errors. A repeat is a form of speech error that artists frequently exploit. The most common types of a repeat are phrases and function words in pronouns. Artists make speech errors for various reasons, depending on the circumstances. Cognitive difficulties, situational anxiety, and social circumstances all play a role in each artist's reasoning.
USE OF ENGLISH LEARNING ACCOUNTS IN INSTAGRAM TO IMPROVE EFL STUDENTS VOCABULARY
Authors: Nurkhamidah Putri Wulandari  
Published: October 2023

Everyone may quickly access all information in this era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0. The technology used to facilitate human activities and give comfort is continually evolving. Digitization occurs in a variety of disciplines, including education. Along with the times, education or knowledge can not only be obtained through formal and non-formal education. Instagram as an application that is widely owned by all ages, provides various features and information that can help students learn English, especially vocabulary. This study aims to find out the use of English learning accounts on Instagram help students increase their vocabulary level and how it can happen. This study is qualitative research, which uses questionnaires as its data collection. The study indicates instagram contains interesting words and images and it is very hepful to improve students vocabualry.
Exploring the Associations among Fear of Covid-19, Religious Coping, and Mental Health Outcomes
Authors: HACIKELEŞOĞLU Hızır 
Published: October 2023

It is known that some measures are applied at the individual and social level during the pandemic process, which is called a global trauma. Although these measures work to protect individuals from physical diseases, they are known to cause some mental health problems. Religion, as one of the coping tools used by people in the fight against psycho-social problems that emerged during the pandemic period, draws attention as a mechanism that people show more interest in, especially in times of crisis. In this aspect, religious coping comes to the fore as an important defense tool that people often resort to in the process of coping with stressful situations. In the Covid-19 process, the functional power of religion on people's mental health becomes even more important. As a matter of fact, the limited possibilities of combating the epidemic draws attention as an effective factor in turning to religion. When we look at the studies around "religious coping", it is seen that there are studies with mostly European-American centered participants/sample groups. In this context, it can be stated that there is a need for studies on different ethnic and religious groups during the pandemic process. As a matter of fact, religious coping can reveal different effects in individuals who follow different religions.
This study aims to examine the associations between fear of Covid-19, religious coping, and mental health by using a data set coming from 402 participants who are 18 and older (%55.7 women; %44.3 man). After measuring fear of Covid-19, religious coping, depression, stress, and anxiety levels of the participants, we conducted Pearson correlation and regression analyses. As expected, significant relationships were found between the main variables of the study. The findings have indicated that (a) fear of Covid-19 is positively associated with negative religious coping, (b) fear of Covid-19 is entirely unrelated to positive religious coping, (c) positive religious coping is inversely associated with depression, stress, and anxiety, (d) negative religious coping is positively associated with depression, stress, and anxiety, and (e) positive religious coping buffers the deleterious effects of depression, stress, and anxiety.
Comparative assessment of urea, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen in male and female patients with different age groups of chronic kidney disease in Shaheed Benazir Abad, Sindh
Authors: Sami Haiqa , Tarique Imran , Arain Sehrish , Mughal Rida , Majeed Iqra , Saba Rubia , Rajput Jaweria , Altaf Manahil , Bux Lal 
Published: October 2023

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a heterogeneous disorder that affects the structure and function of the kidney. The primary biochemical markers for diagnosis and evaluating stages of CKD include urea (Ur), blood nitrogen urea (BUN), and creatinine (Cr). In this study, we investigate three biochemical parameters such as Ur, BUN, and Cr levels in CKD patients’ gender-vice with different age groups. Blood samples (n = 300) of males and females were collected from the Biochemistry Lab, Peoples University of Medical and Health Science, Shaheed Benazirabad during the 2023 year. Blood samples (5ml) were collected from the individuals through venipuncture and centrifuged for further analysis. Reagent 1 (2-Oxoglutarate ADP Urease GLDH and NADH) and Reagent 2 (tris), Reagent 1 (Picric acid) and Reagent 2 (Sodium hydroxide) were used for Ur and Cr analysis. Reagent A1 (Sodium salicylate, sodium nitroprusside, phosphate buffer) Reagent A2 (Urease) reagent B (Sodium hypochlorite, sodium hydroxide) reagent S (Glucose/Urea/Creatinine standard) used for BUN. Four age groups were studied in our research for both genders. The highest positive coefficient correlation was shown by Ur and BUN with ‘r’=0.99 in this study. The statistical analysis showed a significantly higher average value of Ur, Cr, and BUN in males comparatively than in females with the age group of 61-80 years old. Whereas in the young age group (1-20 years old), female showed a significantly higher value than in the male sex group. Our study revealed a significant variation of Ur, Cr and BUN in male and female with different age groups, as male possessed higher muscle mass with increased dietary protein intakes than females. These biochemical markers aid in the proper assessment and are used for several routine analyses of CKD with different age groups of genders
Comparative Analysis of Phospholipase D (PLD) Gene Family in Camelina sativa and Brassica napus and Its Responses in Camelina Seedlings under Salt Stress
Authors: Heidari Parviz , Puresmaeli Fatemeh , Vafaee Yavar , Ahmadizadeh Mostafa , Ensani Mohammadreza , Ahmadinia Haniyeh 
Published: October 2023

Phospholipases are among the important elements involved in lipid-dependent cell signaling that lead to the induction of downstream pathways. In the current study, phospholipases D (PLDs) gene family was characterized and compared in two important oilseed crops, Brassica napus and Camelina sativa. The results revealed that PLD has 33 members in Camelina sativa (CsPLD) and 41 members in Brassica napus (BnPLD). All studied PLDs showed a negative GRAVY value, indicating that PLDs are probably hydrophilic proteins. Phylogenetic analysis classified PLDs into five main subfamilies, including gamma, delta, beta, alpha, and zeta. According to evolution analysis, a different evolution process was observed between CsPLD and BnPLD. In addition, the results disclosed that most of the PLD genes have been segmentally duplicated under purifying selection. Cis-regulatory elements related to ABA and auxin responsiveness were found more in the upstream region of CsPLDs, while elements linked with MeJA responsiveness were observed more in the promoter region of BnPLDs. Analysis of the expression data showed that PLD alpha genes have a wide expression in most tissues. Quantitative expression analysis (qPCR) of CsPLD genes under salt stress, 200 mM of NaCl, was conducted in different time series. The results revealed that the CsPLD genes are involved in the response to salinity stress and their expression levels enhance with increasing salinity stress period. The outcomes of this research will be useful for future molecular works related to lipid signaling in oilseed plants.
A Broad TSK Fuzzy Classifier with a Simplified Set of Fuzzy Rules for Class-Imbalanced Learning
Authors: Zhang Jinghong , Li Yingying , Liu Bowen , Chen Hao , Zhou Jie , Yu Hualong , Qin Bin 
Published: October 2023

With the expansion of data scale and diversity, the issue of class imbalance has become increasingly salient. The current methods, including oversampling and under-sampling, exhibit limitations in handling complex data, leading to overfitting, loss of critical information, and insufficient interpretability. In response to these challenges, we propose a broad TSK fuzzy classifier with a simplified set of fuzzy rules (B-TSK-FC) that deals with classification tasks with class-imbalanced data. Firstly, we select and optimize fuzzy rules based on their adaptability to different complex data to simplify the fuzzy rules and therefore improve the interpretability of the TSK fuzzy sub-classifiers. Secondly, the fuzzy rules are weighted to protect the information demonstrated by minority classes, thereby improving the classification performance on class-imbalanced datasets. Finally, a novel loss function is designed to derive the weights for each TSK fuzzy sub-classifier. The experimental results on fifteen benchmark datasets demonstrate that B-TSK-FC is superior to the comparative methods from the aspects of classification performance and interpretability in the scenario of class imbalance.
The Distinction Between Male and Female Attitudes Toward COVID-19 Vaccination
Authors: Towar Zainab Abdal-Kadham , Hussein Zainab Ali , Khudair Fatima Wanas 
Published: October 2023

To effectively contain the COVID-19 pandemic, herd immunity must be attained, which necessitates a high vaccination rate. Despite the value of immunization, some people are still reluctant or unwilling to get the COVID-19 vaccine. In order to create community immunity and a successful future pandemic response, it is necessary to understand adults' intentions towards the COVID-19 immunization.. The aim of this study to examine the distinction between men and women attitudes towards coronavirus vaccine . Methods cross-sectional survey is conducted in this study and (nonprobability convenience sampling technique) is used for collecting data. Total samples of (400) adult person has been taken in (200) participants were taken from Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital, (155) participants were taken from Public Health Center, (45) participants were taken from Orouba Preparatory School the current study. The samples are assessed attitudes adult community towards the COVID-19 Vaccination through a questionnaire. : The results of the current study have their no different between male and female in their attitudes toward Corona Virus vaccine.
Association Between Critical-Care Nurses’ Attitudes, Knowledge, and Barriers of Pressure Ulcers With Their Demographical Variables
Authors: Abd-Alameer Master student: Ali Falih , Kadhim Jihad Jawad 
Published: October 2023

When the force applied to a particular place of the body exceeds the pressure that the capillaries there can withstand, a pressure ulcer will develop. In some circumstances, even a negligibly little pressure may be sufficient to obstruct blood flow and reduce oxygenation of the surrounding tissues. In patients who are extremely unwell, this can result in the development of a pressure ulcer in as little as two to six hours To assess knowledge, attitudes, and barriers among critical-care nurses on pressure ulcer prevention with their demographical variables A non-probability (purposive) sampling of (130) nurses working in the intensive care unit has been conducted. The study employed The researcher employed a 30-item self-administrated questionnaire to gauge nurses' level of expertise in pressure ulcer prevention. Age, gender, degree of education, years of experience, and specific guidelines for pressure ulcers were among the features of the study subjects. The 5-point scale was utilized in the attitudes and barriers questionnaire. However, the scoring mechanism for the Likert scale model is not much different from the three-point scales, with greater scores going to attitudes with higher levels of positivity and obstacles. The current study features a descriptive cross-sectional quantitative design. The study has been carried out between the 1st of November 2022 and the 1st of June 2023 to the assessment of nurses’ knowledge attitude and barriers toward pressure ulcers in critical care units at Al Najaf hospitals.
Can Fractional Urea Excretion Be A Marker in Pediatric Urinary Stone Disease?
Authors: AKSOY Özlem Yüksel , İNÖZÜ Mihriban , AVCI Begüm , AYDIN Zehra , ÇAYCI Fatma Şemsa , BAYRAKÇI Umut Selda 
Published: October 2023

Introduction: In the setting of pediatric urolithiasis, it is important to determine the presence of any metabolic disorder to prevent new stone formation and to treat the existing stone. With this aim, the urinary excretions of electrolytes and uric acid are usually obtained. Fractional excretion of urea (FeU) has been demonstrated to be useful in the setting of acute renal injury. However it has not been studied in the setting of pediatric stone disease. The objective of this study is to search the importance of FeU in pediatric stone disease and to compare FeU with other urine electrolyte excretions and uric acid excretion.

Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the laboratory and medical records of 41 pediatric urolithiasis patients whose FeU percentages were studied together with the etiologic work-up. Patients were divided into two groups as microlithiasis and macrolithiasis. Demographic and laboratory data as well as FeU were compared between the two groups.
Results: Twenty-four patients (59%) had stone size less than 3 mms, seventeen patients (41%) had stones larger than 5 mms. Among all patients 20 of them were boys, 21 of them were girls. M/F ratio was 13/11 in microlithiasis and 7/10 in macrolithiasis group. Mean age was 55.8 months in microlithiasis group, wheras 39 months in macrolithiasis group. Mean serum urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, phosphorus levels and FeNa, FeU and TRP percentages were similar between the two groups. (p>0.05).
We divided the patients according to their FeU percentages as FeU
Voice Analysis in Men with Benign Prostate Hyperplasia
Authors: ALAGÖZ Sedat , DELİBAŞ Vedat , BAL Kemal Koray , ORTOĞLU Ferhat , ÖZDAŞ Talih , KURAN Gökhan , GÖRGÜLÜ Orhan , KAHRAMAN Betül 
Published: October 2023

Aim: In this study, we aimed to determine the differences by performing voice analysis in men with benign pros-tatic hyperplasia (BPH) and discussing it with the literature
Methods: The study included 77 male patients who came to the urology outpatient clinic and were diagnosed with BPH and consult to us for voice analysis. Patients' ages, testosterone, prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels, prostate volumes (milliliters) were recorded. International prostate symptom scoring (IPSS) was applied to the patients. Mild, moderate, severe patients according to IPSS scoring; were classify as group 1, group 2, group 3, respectively. Voice Handicap Index-10 Turkish version (VHI-10) was realized to the patients and the results were saved.
Results: 77 male patients were accepted to the study. The average age was 60. The mean prostate volume of the patients was 41.1 ml. The IPSS score of the patients was 16 on average. The mean VHI-10 scores were 9.14. The mean PSA levels of the patients were 1.43; testosterone levels were 3.04. F0 Hz (mean pitch) values were 157.74; jitter % values mean 0.26; shimmer % values mean 2.42; The mean HNR dB values were 22.91.
Conclusions: Maybe it would be more logical to think that many local factors, hormones and growth factors are efficient in place of a testosterone.
Keywords: Benign prostatic hyperplasia, voice, analysis, frequency
Evaluation of Orally Disintegrating Tablet Formulations in The Treatment of Oral Mucositis
Authors: DEMİRTÜRK Esra , ONAN Deniz , ÇEVİKELLİ Tilbe 
Published: October 2023

Aim: Orally disintegrating tablets (ODT) are widely used dosage forms with high patient compliance, which preferred in the treatment of many diseases currently. In this study we aimed to develop an orally disintegrating tablet formulation can be preferred in the treatment of oral mucositis, which often occurs after chemotherapy during cancer treatment.
Methods: Lidocaine hydrochloride, which is a local anesthetic substance, was used as active pharmaceutical ingredient to obtain ODT formulation for the treatment of oral mucositis. ODTs were prepared by direct compression technique and crospovidone was used as super-dispersant
Results: The method developed for lidocaine determination was validated. Characterization of powder mixtures conducted; angle repose was found to be as 25.78°±0.810, flow time was 4.18±0.772 s, compressibility index was 9.591±0.774% and Hausner’s ratio was calculated as 1.106±0.014. The uniformity of weight and content for the ODT formulation was 493.705±3.583 g, 78.89+2.546 mg, respectively. The tablets had a diameter of 12.031 ±0.015 mm while thickness was 4.420 ±0.021 mm. The hardness was calulated as 28.7±1.123 N, while percent friability value was 0.76%. Disintegration time of the tablets were 31.55±0.354 sec., and approximately 90% of the prepared formulation dissolved in around 20 minutes according to dissolution testing.
Conclusions: The prepared formulation was evaluated through powder and tablet controls, it was found to comply with the limits specified in the European Pharmacopoeia. The developed ODT formulation for the treatment of oral mucositis, is planned to be evaluated through in vivo tests to complete the assessment of the formulation.
Global View on Monkeypox Epidemic: A Youtube Study
Authors: BAYRAK Edip 
Published: October 2023

Background: We aimed to evaluate the quality of the videos on Youtube about Monkeypox, the precision of the content, and the video features by using various tools.
Methods: Videos about Monkeypox were searched on YouTube™ (http://www.youtube.com) on 22/05/2022. After sorting by relevance for the search term "Monkeypox," the first 200 videos were recruited and saved as a file for later consideration. The browsing history was deleted before the search so that it would not be affected by previous searches. The Global Quality Scale (GQS) was used to evaluate the quality of the videos. A p value of
An Analysis of Lexical Relations on Lewis Carroll’s Alice in Wonderland
Authors: Yuyun Ariska  , Wiwin Indiarti  , Nur Hasibin  
Published: October 2023

The objective of the research is to know the type of lexical relations in Lewis Carroll’s Alice in Wonderland and the most dominant of lexical relation found in the same work. To achieve the objectives, the researcher employs descriptive qualitative method by collecting the randomly sentences of the novel chosen. After collecting and selecting the data, the researcher starts to analyze the words in the sentences by using the theory of lexical relation related to Semantics. The results show that in Lewis Carroll’s Alice in Wonderland there were 65 utterances of lexical relations. They are 17 utterances of synonyms, 13 utterances of homonym, 5 utterances of hyponyms and 30 utterances of antonyms. It is 17 words of synonyms, 13 words of homonym, 5 words of hyponyms and 34 words of antonyms. By having adequate knowledge on lexical relations, any readers can easily understood the words usage. Furthermore, the researcher finds antonym as the most dominant type, whereas hyponym is the lexical relation type with the least case.