bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local earthquake tomography of the Alpine region from 24 years of data
Authors: Bagagli M , Molinari I , Diehl T , Kissling E 
Published: January 2025

SUMMARY
We present a new 3-D crustal P-wave velocity (VP) model for the greater Alpine region (GAR). We use and merge three different high-quality datasets for local earthquake tomography covering 24 yrs, starting from 1st January 1996, up to 31st December 2019. We processed and repicked the waveforms from the events reported by the European–Mediterranean Seismological Centre with M &gt; 3.0 inside the greater Alpine region for the period between May 2007 and December 2015 using a recently developed automated arrival time-picking procedure (ADAPT framework). This allows bridging the data gap between previously published (pre-2007) datasets and the recently published AlpArray research seismicity catalogue and thus provides a high-quality, highly consistent set of P-wave arrival times covering 24 yrs. With this dataset we derived a new minimum 1-D VP model and associated station delays covering the entire GAR. Subsequently, we performed a series of local-earthquake-tomography (LET) inversions obtaining a 3-D VP model with a horizontal node spacing of 20×20 km and between 7 and 15  km variable vertical spacing in the well-resolved area of investigation, thus improving the spatial and uniformly high-resolution coverage compared to previous LET studies in the area. For well-known major crustal structures, such as, for example, the geophysical Ivrea body, deep foreland basins and main orogenic crustal roots, our tomographic results correlate well with features documented by various previous seismic studies in the region. This correlation increases our confidence in the model's accuracy throughout the well-resolved area. Additionally, our model reveals previously poorly known, or unknown crustal features and it documents details in the Moho topography throughout the region. Eventually, we present a LET-Moho map (VP isoline of 7.25 km s−1) for the GAR with spatially nearly uniform resolution and document its comparison with previously published Moho maps. The new regional 3-D VP crustal model also correlates well with a previously published VS crustal model obtained by ambient noise tomography. These comparisons document the new LET results of combined 3-D VP crustal velocities and Moho topography being intrinsically consistent and reliable within the region of high resolution. Hence, in addition to further improving our understanding of crustal structure geometries in the GAR, our results also provide pivotal information for a future reference seismic 3-D crustal model of the region.
Detection of ubiquitous circumbinary matter in hot subdwarfs formed from common-envelope ejections
Authors: Li Jiangdan , Wolf Christian , Li Jiao , Luo Yangping , Zhao Jingkun , Chen Bingqiu , Zhang Lin , Jia Shi , Chen Xuefei , Han Zhanwen 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
The formation of compact binary systems is largely driven by their evolution through a common envelope (CE) phase, crucial for understanding phenomena such as type Ia supernovae and black hole mergers. Despite their importance, direct observational evidence for CE material has been elusive due to the transient nature of these envelopes. Numerical simulations suggest that some envelope material may persist post-ejection. In this study, we investigate circumstellar material (CSM) surrounding hot subdwarf (sdB) stars, focusing on material ejected during the CE phase of binary evolution. We analyse Ca ii K absorption lines in 727 sdB candidates from the LAMOST-LRS survey, selecting 145 stars with strong absorption features, indicating the presence of CSM. We compare the velocities of the Ca ii K lines with the systemic velocities of sdB binaries, confirming that the material originates from ejected CE material. The results show that the CSM persists long after the CE event, suggesting the formation of a stable, long-lived circumstellar environment around sdB stars. This study enhances our understanding of the role of CSM in post-CE evolution and provides new insights into the physical processes shaping the evolution of sdB binaries.
Development of Multiservice Machine Learning Models to Predict Postsurgical Length of Stay and Discharge Disposition at the Time of Case Posting
Authors: Zaribafzadeh Hamed , Howell T. Clark , Webster Wendy L. , Vail Christopher J. , Kirk Allan D. , Allen Peter J. , Henao Ricardo , Buckland Daniel M. 
Published: January 2025

Objective:
Develop machine learning (ML) models to predict postsurgical length of stay (LOS) and discharge disposition (DD) for multiple services with only the data available at the time of case posting.

Background:
Surgeries are scheduled largely based on operating room resource availability with little attention to downstream resource availability such as inpatient bed availability and the care needs after hospitalization. Predicting postsurgical LOS and DD at the time of case posting could support resource allocation and earlier discharge planning.

Methods:
This retrospective study included 63,574 adult patients undergoing elective inpatient surgery at a large academic health system. We used surgical case data available at the time of case posting and created gradient-boosting decision tree classification models to predict LOS as short (≤1 day), medium (2–4 days), and prolonged stays (≥5 days) and DD as home versus nonhome.

Results:
The LOS model achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.81. Adding relative value unit and historical LOS through the similarity cascade increased the accuracy of short and prolonged LOS prediction by 9.0% and 3.9% to 72.9% and 74%, respectively, compared with a model without these features (P = 0.001). The DD model had an AUC of 0.88 for home versus nonhome prediction.

Conclusions:
We developed ML models to predict, at the time of case posting, the postsurgical LOS and DD for adult elective inpatient cases across multiple services. These models could support case scheduling, resource allocation, optimal bed utilization, earlier discharge planning, and preventing case cancelation due to bed unavailability.
Portal vein thrombosis complicating neonatal umbilical vein catheterization in a 3-month-old infant with coincidental extrahepatic biliary atresia: A case report
Authors: El-Shabrawi Mortada H.F. , Abdel Sattar Ayman Hussein , Hassanin Fetouh , Sheba Maha Fathy , Elhennawy Ahmed , Kamal Naglaa M. , Oshi Mohammed A.M. , Algarni Ali , Marzouk Seham Anwar Emam 
Published: January 2025

Rationale:
Umbilical vein catheterization (UVC) is a common procedure in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) but carries risks of severe complications such as portal vein thrombosis (PVT). Extrahepatic biliary atresia (EHBA), a leading cause of neonatal cholestasis, often progresses to end-stage liver disease. This case report discusses the rare coexistence of PVT and EHBA in a 3-month-old infant, highlighting the critical need for timely diagnosis and intervention.

Patient concerns:
A 3-month-old female presented with jaundice, dark-colored urine, and clay-colored stools. She had a history of NICU admission for neonatal sepsis during which a UVC was inserted.

Diagnoses:
Physical examination revealed jaundice and hepatosplenomegaly. Abdominal ultrasonography identified hepatosplenomegaly, mild ascites, and portal cavernoma. A liver biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of EHBA.

Interventions:
The patient underwent Kasai portoenterostomy. Postoperatively, she developed complications including ascites, systemic hypertension, and hyperammonemia. Initial improvements were observed with decreased bilirubin levels.

Outcomes:
Despite initial stabilization, the patient’s condition deteriorated, and she succumbed on day 15 postoperation.

Lessons:
This case underscores the significant risks of PVT associated with UVC and the importance of monitoring NICU graduates for early detection of complications. The early onset of portal hypertension and esophageal varices in this case challenges existing beliefs about EHBA’s clinical progression. Greater awareness and routine follow-up imaging are essential to improve outcomes in similar scenarios.
Rare acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis caused by iodixanol: A case report
Authors: Ma Xiuxiu , He Chaozhu , Zeng Xiaohong , He Xiaohua , Bi Yanfang 
Published: January 2025

Rationale:
Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is a rare delayed allergic reaction, which is mostly caused by drugs, but there are few reports of iodixanol in particular. At present, 4 cases induced by iodixanol have been reported in the literature, but none have been reported in China.

Patient concerns:
In this report, we report a case of AGEP induced by intravenous bolus infusion of iodixanol during multislice spiral CT enhanced scanning of the whole abdomen in a patient with rectal malignancy. A 35-year-old female patient presented with a larger rash/erythema on the head and neck and felt itchy.

Diagnoses:
A large erythema/rash and white, sterile pustules based on erythema spread from head, neck to the whole body in a short period of time. Blood cell results showed high levels of white blood cell, neutrophils, C-reactive protein and interleukin-10, and decreased levels of some immune indicators. Pathological biopsy results showed that there was immune cell infiltration around the superficial dermis.

Interventions:
Immediate avoidance of potential allergens and treatment with steroids, antihistamines and other medications, followed by adjustment with cyclosporine and human immunoglobulin.

Outcomes:
At 1 year’s follow-up, the patient did not develop any symptoms of discomfort and increased awareness of allergen prevention.

Lessons:
The reported case is an extremely rare and severe AGEP, typically characterized by pruritus, edema, large erythema/rash, dense white needle-like sterile pustules based on erythema/rash, and desquamation. After discontinuation of exposure to iodixanol, the patient received symptomatic supportive treatment, mainly drug response. She eventually recovered without recurrence. In the future, with the in-depth exploration of more studies, the use of Iodine Contrast Media will be more standardized and scientific.
Successful pregnancy in a complex chromosomal rearrangement carrier using preimplantation genetic testing for structural rearrangements: A case report
Authors: Wang Yacong , Ke Xue , Liang Xuefei , Ouyang Xiaolan , Yang Xiaoxi , Wang Fang 
Published: January 2025

Rationale:
Complex chromosomal rearrangements (CCRs) frequently lead to unfavorable reproductive consequences, such as recurrent miscarriage. Preimplantation genetic testing for structural rearrangements (PGT-SR) has become a successful method for embryo diagnosis in CCR families.

Patient concerns:
A woman of childbearing age experienced repeated miscarriages during her attempts to conceive.

Diagnoses:
A woman was diagnosed with a combined Robertsonian translocation involving chromosomes 13 and 15 (robs[13;15]) and a reciprocal translocation involving chromosomes 10 and 12 (t[10;12]). She had undergone 5 previous embryonic terminations.

Interventions:
The couple underwent assisted reproductive technology with ovulation induction using a high-progesterone progestin-primed ovarian stimulation protocol, followed by intracytoplasmic sperm injection and blastocyst culture. Embryo biopsy was carried out on days 5 and 6, and PGT-SR was employed for genetic diagnosis.

Outcomes:
After aneuploidy detection by PGT-SR, the sole remaining blastocyst underwent preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy for confirmation and subsequent transfer. Prenatal diagnosis and follow-up after birth were conducted.

Lessons:
For CCR carriers, particularly couples with a history of recurrent abortion, PGT-SR has the potential to address their reproductive predicament by enhancing their likelihood of achieving a successful pregnancy.
Resection of a cardiac lipoma and reconstruction wall of right atrium: A case report
Authors: Wen Zhi , Wang Zheng , Guo Jian , Wu Changxue 
Published: January 2025

Rationale:
Cardiac lipomas are known to cause functional disturbances and symptoms by compressing adjacent tissues or organs, leading to potential complications such as dyspnea, palpitations, and cardiac arrhythmias. We report a case of a 52-year-old female with a large, well-circumscribed lipoma in the right atrium. This rare condition required a comprehensive diagnostic approach and therapeutic strategy for effective management.

Patient concerns:
A 52-year-old female patient presented to the hospital with complaints of palpitations and fatigue lasting for 1 month, accompanied by the recent discovery of a cardiac mass via echocardiography over the past 2 days. In addition, she reported occasional episodes of a dry cough.

Diagnoses:
Both echocardiography and cardiac computed tomography imaging revealed an isoechoic mass within the right atrium, characterized by a regular shape and close attachment to the right atrial wall, displaying noticeable mobility. Histopathological analysis following surgical intervention confirmed that the tumor was predominantly comprised of adipocytes.

Interventions:
The patient underwent successful resection of the right atrial lipoma, followed by reconstruction of right atrium using a bovine pericardial patch under extracorporeal circulation with a beating heart.

Outcomes:
Postoperative recovery was complete, with resolution of symptoms including palpitations and fatigue. A follow-up echocardiogram on the 66th day postsurgery confirmed the absence of any residual tumor.

Lessons:
Patients with small lipoma often remain asymptomatic. However, large or rapidly progressing tumors may elicit symptoms such as chest pain, dyspnea, and palpitations. For asymptomatic patients with small tumors, regular observation and follow-up are typically advised to monitor tumor growth and the emergence of symptoms. Conversely, patients with large tumors or overt symptoms should be recommended for prompt surgical intervention. In this case, preoperative anatomical evaluation for the lipoma involves the right atrial free wall, which is crucial to prevent excessive resection, damage to the lateral bundle branch, and subsequent postoperative cardiac dysfunction or arrhythmia, as exemplified in this patient.
Imaging features of bronchogenic cyst of the stomach: A case report with literature review
Authors: Dong Deshuo , Chen Anliang , Liu Ailian 
Published: January 2025

Rationale:
Bronchogenic cyst (BC) is a congenital disease characterized by an anomaly of the foregut in the embryonic stage. Gastric BC is exceedingly rare and has never been accurately diagnosed prior to surgery; it is often misidentified as gastric stromal tumor, with the definitive diagnosis confirmed through postoperative specimens. Although gastric BC is considered a benign lesion, its prognosis remains uncertain, underscoring the importance of accurate preoperative identification.

Patient concerns:
The present study reported the case of a 64-year-old female who presented with 2 incidentally detected lesions of the gastric corpus and antrum. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed cystic lesions with delayed enhancement of the cyst wall and no enhancement of the cyst contents.

Interventions and Diagnoses:
The patient underwent a laparoscopic partial gastrectomy. BC was diagnosed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry after surgery.

Outcomes:
The patient had an uneventful hospital course and was discharged on the eleventh postoperative day. No recurrence or metastasis was observed after 33 months.

Lessons:
BC of the stomach is mostly ovate in shape with well-defined margins. The cyst wall shows prolonged enhancement and calcification may occur at the edges. The density and signal of the cyst content varied with composition. These imaging features are helpful for differentiating diagnoses from other diseases.
Stüve–Wiedemann syndrome with a novel variant in the LIFR gene: A case report
Authors: Sherbiny Hanan Sakr , Alfaifi Jaber A. , Ahmed Anees Obaid , Hassan Hany , Abdullah Raydaa , Alsuwat Shaher A. , Al-Juaid Raghad M. , Neyaz Aseel A. , Oshi Mohammed A. M. , Kamal Naglaa M. 
Published: January 2025

Rationale:
Stüve–Wiedemann syndrome (SWS) is a rare, severe autosomal recessive disorder (#OMIM 601559) caused by pathogenic variants in the LIFR gene. It is characterized by skeletal dysplasia and dysautonomia and carries a high mortality rate in infancy, which decreases significantly after the age of 2. Detailed case descriptions enhance understanding of this rare condition.

Patient concerns:
We report a male, full-term infant born to consanguineous Yemeni parents with no family history of genetic disorders. Prenatal ultrasound revealed short, bowed long bones suggestive of skeletal dysplasia. At 12 hours of age, the infant developed respiratory distress, poor sucking, and an agitated cry. At 48 hours, he experienced unexplained hyperthermia, and a comprehensive septic workup was negative.

Diagnoses:
Initial findings included generalized hypotonia, hyporeflexia, and dysmorphic features (micrognathia, camptodactyly, short, and bowed limbs). Radiographic imaging revealed skeletal abnormalities. Whole exome sequencing identified a novel homozygous pathogenic variant in the LIFR gene (c.2257dup p.(Arg753Lysfs*20)), confirming the diagnosis of autosomal recessive SWS type 1.

Interventions:
The infant was admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit, received nasal oxygen support, and was managed with orogastric tube feeding due to poor sucking and swallowing.

Outcomes:
At 5 months, the infant remains dependent on orogastric tube feeding, with less frequent hyperthermic episodes.

Lessons:
SWS is a rare genetic disorder with a wide phenotypic spectrum. Early recognition and multidisciplinary management are crucial to addressing the high mortality risk associated with dysautonomia in infancy. Case reports of novel variants contribute to a deeper understanding of SWS and highlight the importance of tailored clinical care for improved outcomes.
Rare association of granulomatosis with polyangiitis with an underdiagnosed spondyloarthritis effectively treated with rituximab: A case-report
Authors: Escoda Thomas , Dehaene Aurélie , Velardocchio Laetitia , Deveze Arnaud , Terrier Benjamin , Chiche Laurent 
Published: January 2025

Rationale:
Associations of autoimmune diseases are rare but interesting and challenging situations from a diagnostic, pathophysiological, and therapeutic point of view. This article studies a rare association of autoimmune diseases by discussing the pathophysiological hypotheses and an original therapeutic management. The coexistence of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis and spondyloarthritis has rarely been described.

Patient concerns:
We present a patient with inflammatory back pain, stiffness, and enthesopathies followed by pulmonary and ear, nose and throat granulomatous involvement.

Diagnoses:
A combination of spondyloarthritis and granulomatosis with polyangiitis, with spinal, enthesopathic, pulmonary, and ear, nose and throat involvement.

Interventions and outcomes:
Effective treatment with rituximab both on spondyloarthritis and vasculitis.

Lessons:
We discuss the pathogenic, diagnostic, and therapeutic implications of this rare but intriguing association between these 2 inflammatory conditions.
Potential prognostic and immunologic significances of ADAM8 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Chu Ming Chuan , Zhang Zhi Lei , Wang Zhi Qiang , Li Zong Yang , Guo Yong Shun 
Published: January 2025

Background:
A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase 8 (ADAM8) has been implicated in the development and progression of several cancers. However, further studies are needed to determine the value of ADAM8 in ccRCC. The research aimed to investigate the prognostic and immunologic significance of ADAM8 in ccRCC from the perspective of bioinformatics.

Methods:
We analyzed the expression and prognosis of ADAM8 in ccRCC using The Cancer Genome Atlas and validated it with Gene Expression Omnibus and immunohistochemistry assay. Functional enrichment analysis was conducted to investigate the signaling pathways. And the relationship between ADAM8 and the tumor microenvironment was analyzed using the CIBERSORT algorithm. Furthermore, the study explored the response to immunotherapy of ccRCC by using The Cancer Immunome Atlas database data. Potential drugs for treating ccRCC were discovered using the Connectivity Map.

Results:
The expression of ADAM8 was significantly elevated in ccRCC tissues. CcRCC patients with higher levels of ADAM8 expression had poorer prognosis, and ADAM8 was shown to be an independent predictive risk factor for ccRCC. The functional enrichment analysis revealed relevant signaling pathways. Furthermore, we found that ADAM8 expression correlates strongly with the extent of immune cell infiltration and immunotherapy. Finally, 4 groups of potential drugs for the treatment of ccRCC were identified.

Conclusion:
Our research found that ADAM8 could have a significant impact on the development, progression, immunotherapy and prognosis of patients with ccRCC, and may be a promising prognostic and immunotherapeutic target. The study provides a new insights that may be useful in helping to manage ccRCC.
HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) awareness and use among Rakai Community Cohort Study youth aged 15-24
Authors: Murphy Emily , Hoffman Susie , Ssempijja Victor , Nalugoda Fred , Chang Larry W. , Ssekubugu Robert , Lutalo Tom , Kigozi Godfrey , Kagaayi Joseph , Sewankambo Nelson K. , Reynolds Steven J. , Santelli John , Kreniske Philip 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Preventing HIV infections among adolescents and young adults (AYA) is crucial for curtailing the epidemic. Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a highly effective prevention method increasingly available to this age group in sub-Saharan Africa but population-based data on awareness and use of PrEP among AYA remains limited.

Methods:
Analyzing survey data from two rounds of the Rakai Community Cohort Study, an open, population-based cohort, we estimated prevalence ratios associating various sociodemographic characteristics with PrEP awareness and ever-use among 15- to 24-year-olds in south-central Uganda between 2018 and 2023.

Results:
Most (62.4%, N=3,308/5,301) participants were aware of PrEP as an HIV prevention method but only 1.7% (N=133/7,999) of AYA had ever used it. Among the 35.5% (N=2,838/7,999) of participants meeting PrEP eligibility criteria, ever-use was similarly rare (2.6%, N=75/2,838). Compared to 20 to 24-year-olds, 15 to 19-year-olds were less likely to report awareness (fullyadjPR=0.82, 95%CI 0.78, 0.86) or ever-use (fullyadjPR=0.35, 95%CI 0.21, 0.58). Participants from fishing communities were more likely to be PrEP-aware (fullyadjPR=1.22, 95%CI 1.16, 1.29) or have ever used the prevention method (fullyadjPR=6.07, 95%CI 4.10, 8.98) than those from non-fishing communities.

Conclusion:
In this cross-sectional study of AYA in Uganda, awareness of PrEP was common but ever-use was rare, even among the third of respondents who were likely PrEP-eligible. This suggests that prevention policies and barriers besides unawareness of the method impede PrEP initiation. Efforts that target those barriers, particularly for adolescents, are critical for reducing HIV incidence among this priority population.