bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of the Tachocline
Authors: Strugarek Antoine , Belucz Bernadett , Brun Allan Sacha , Dikpati Mausumi , Guerrero Gustavo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe solar tachocline is an internal region of the Sun possessing strong radial and latitudinal shears straddling the base of the convective envelope. Based on helioseismic inversions, the tachocline is known to be thin (less than 5% of the solar radius). Since the first theory of the solar tachocline in 1992, this thinness has not ceased to puzzle solar physicists. In this review, we lay out the grounds of our understanding of this fascinating region of the solar interior. We detail the various physical mechanisms at stake in the solar tachocline, and put a particular focus on the mechanisms that have been proposed to explain its thinness. We also examine the full range of MHD processes including waves and instabilities that are likely to occur in the tachocline, as well as their possible connection with active region patterns observed at the surface. We reflect on the most recent findings for each of them, and highlight the physical understanding that is still missing and that would allow the research community to understand, in a generic sense, how the solar tachocline and stellar tachocline are formed, are sustained, and evolve on secular timescales.
Advancements in number representation for high-precision computing
Authors: Mora H. , Signes-Pont M. T. , López F. A. Pujol , Mora-Pascual J. , Chamizo J. M. García 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEfficient representation of data is a fundamental prerequisite for addressing computational problems effectively using computers. The continual improvement in methods for representing numbers in computers serves as a critical step in expanding the scope and capabilities of computing systems. In this research, we conduct a comprehensive review of both fundamental and advanced techniques for representing numbers in computers. Additionally, we propose a novel model capable of representing rational numbers with absolute precision, catering to specific high precision applications. Specifically, we adopt fractional positional notation coupled with explicit codification of the periodic parts, thereby accommodating the entire rational number set without any loss of accuracy. We elucidate the properties and hardware representation of this proposed format and provide the results of extensive experiments to demonstrate its expressiveness and minimal codification error when compared to other real number representation formats. This research contributes to the advancement of numerical representation in computer systems, empowering them to handle complex computations with heightened accuracy, making them more reliable and versatile in a wide range of applications.
Assessing Feasibility and Barriers to Implementing a Family-Based Intervention in Opioid Treatment Programs
Authors: Rigg Khary K. , Proctor Steven L. , Kusiak Ethan S. , Barber Sharon A. , Asous Lara W. , Bartholomew Tyler S. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Families Facing the Future (FFF) is an intervention designed specifically for families with a parent in methadone treatment. FFF is unique because it addresses prevention for children and recovery for parents in a single intervention. The primary goals of the program are to prevent parents’ relapse, help them cope with relapse if it occurs, and teach parenting skills in order to reduce the likelihood of substance use among their children. FFF has been implemented as an adjunct to treatment in several Opioid Treatment Programs, but has not been widely adopted due to various implementation barriers. The aims of this study, therefore, were to (1) assess the perceived feasibility of implementing FFF and (2) identify/describe barriers to implementing FFF. An online survey was used to assess implementation feasibility, while individual qualitative interviews were conducted to explore specific barriers to implementation. Data collection from a total of 40 participants (20 patients and 20 providers) was conducted from August 2022 to October 2022 at two Opioid Treatment Programs in Florida. Analyses revealed high feasibility scores, indicating that FFF was viewed by both patients and providers as a practical intervention to implement. Despite strong perceived feasibility of the intervention, qualitative findings identified several implementation barriers with respect to difficulty attending parent training sessions, aversion to in-home visits, and lack of funding (inability to provide patient incentives/bill insurance). This study provides evidence that while patients and providers view FFF as having high feasibility, significant implementation barriers exist. This paper fills a void in the literature by informing if and which modifications might be necessary to facilitate wider adoption of FFF in real-world Opioid Treatment Program settings.
Long-term effects of different VET-to-labor market transition patterns on subjective well-being
Authors: Michaelis Christian , Findeisen Stefanie 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSeveral studies have analyzed the outcome of vocational education and training (VET); however, they primarily compared individuals with different qualification levels. This perspective neglects the fact that adolescents can differ in their training courses and transition to the labor market. Thus far, evidence on the consequences of different VET-to-labor market transition patterns is scarce. Therefore, the present study distinguished different VET-to-labor market transition patterns of German trainees and analyzed the long-term consequences on subjective well-being (SWB) later in life. Our results show in-between differences in the SWB of trainees in further life by different VET-to-labor market transition patterns. Compared to individuals with direct VET-to-labor market transitions, individuals who experienced a premature training termination and did not return to institutionalized education were more likely to have lower SWB later in life. Additionally, participating in general or higher education programs after VET seems to be beneficial. However, completing multiple VET programs did not influence SWB. The results underline the importance of strategies to prevent early leaving from education and training.
Geochemical prerequisites for the formation of oil and gas accumulation zones in the South Turgay basin, Kazakhstan
Authors: Madisheva Rima Kopbosynkyzy , Portnov Vassiliy Sergeevich , Amangeldiyeva Gulmadina Bulatovna , Demeuova Akmaral Bakhytbekovna , Seitkhaziyev Yessimkhan Sherekhanovich , Azhgaliev Dulat Kalimovich 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study predicts favorable oil and gas source-rock formation conditions in the Aryskum Depression of the South Turgay Basin, Kazakhstan. This study assesses the thermal maturity and characteristics of organic matter by determining its environmental conditions using data from geochemical analysis of core (pyrolysis) and oil (biomarkers and carbon isotopic compositions) samples. According to the geochemical parameters obtained by pyrolysis, the oil generation potential of the original rocks of most studied samples varies from poor to rich. The facies–genetic organic matter is predominantly humic and less frequently humus–sapropel, indicating organic matter accumulation in the studied samples were under moderately reducing conditions (kerogen III and II types) and coastal–marine environments (kerogen type I). The carbon isotopic compositions of oils derived from the Jurassic deposits of the Aryskum Depression also indicate the sapropelic and mixed humic–sapropelic type of organic matter (kerogen II and I). Biomarker analysis of oils indicates original organic matter formation in an anoxic environment.
How do emission reductions of individual national and local measures impact street-level air quality in a neighbourhood of Madrid, Spain?
Authors: Santiago J. L. , Rivas E. , Sanchez B. , Vivanco M. G. , Theobald M. R. , Garrido J. L. , Gil V. , Buccolieri R. , Martilli A. , Rodríguez-Sánchez A. , Martín F. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper aims to assess the impact of individual measures for NOx emission reduction on NO2 concentrations at very high spatial resolution in an urban district of Madrid City (Spain). A methodology based on a set of Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations for 16 meteorological scenarios combined with the CHIMERE model for background pollution is used to obtain annual NO2 concentration maps. Two scenarios included in the Spanish National Air Pollution Control Programme are investigated: NOx emission reductions from the installation of more efficient boilers for domestic heating (ECOBOIL) and from the partly substitution of passenger cars with combustion engines by electric cars (EC). This analysis is extended to 9 additional scenarios of more ambitious implementation of electric vehicles in order to determine what the NOx emission reduction required for the annual mean NO2 concentration EU limit value not being exceeded is. The ECOBOIL scenario has a very weak impact on the NO2 concentrations. However, the EC scenario implies a more significant reduction of the NO2 concentrations, but not enough to fully remove NO2 limit value exceedances in the study area. A small additional (compared with the EC scenario) implementation of electric vehicles seems to fulfil that the spatially averaged NO2 concentration be lower than the EU limit value, but the area with exceedances is still very large. However, stronger traffic emission reductions (80%) corresponding to the most ambitious scenarios are needed in order to reach that at least 95% of the domain is free of EU limit value exceedances.
Efficacy of Osteoporosis Medications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Vilaca Tatiane , Eastell Richard 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose of the Review
The purpose of the review is to summarise the current scientific evidence on the efficacy of osteoporosis medications in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Recent Findings
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a growing global epidemic. The highest prevalence is observed in the elderly, the same population affected by osteoporosis. Despite normal or even increased bone mineral density and low bone turnover, T2D is associated with an increased risk of fractures in most skeletal sites. These findings raised concerns over the efficacy of anti-osteoporosis drugs in this population. There is no randomised controlled trial designed specifically for people with T2D. However, observational studies and post-hoc analyses of randomised controlled trials have provided valuable insights into the effects of various anti-osteoporosis treatments in this population. Overall, most anti-osteoporosis drugs seem to have similar efficacy and safety profiles for people with and without type 2 diabetes. However, continued research and long-term safety data are needed to optimise treatment strategies and improve bone health outcomes in this population.

Summary
The current evidence suggests that most anti-osteoporosis drugs exhibit comparable efficacy in people with and without T2D.
Clinical and Molecular Characteristics of Gonadotroph Pituitary Tumors According to the WHO Classification
Authors: Carbonara Francesca , Feola Tiziana , Gianno Francesca , Polidoro Michela Anna , Di Crescenzo Rosa Maria , Arcella Antonietta , De Angelis Michelangelo , Morace Roberta , de Alcubierre Dario , Esposito Vincenzo , Giangaspero Felice , Jaffrain-Rea Marie-Lise 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSince 2017, hormone-negative pituitary neuroendocrine tumors expressing the steroidogenic factor SF1 have been recognized as gonadotroph tumors (GnPT) but have been poorly studied. To further characterize their bio-clinical spectrum, 54 GnPT defined by immunostaining for FSH and/or LH (group 1, n = 41) or SF1 only (group 2, n = 13) were compared and studied for SF1, βFSH, βLH, CCNA2, CCNB1, CCND1, caspase 3, D2R, and AIP gene expression by qRT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry for AIP and/or D2R was performed in representative cases. Overall, patients were significantly younger in group 1 (P = 0.040 vs group 2), with a similar trend excluding recurrent cases (P = 0.078), and no significant difference in gender, tumor size, invasion or Ki67. SF1 expression was similar in both groups but negatively correlated with the patient’s age (P = 0.013) and positively correlated with βLH (P < 0.001) expression. Beta-FSH and AIP were significantly higher in group 1 (P = 0.042 and P = 0.024, respectively). Ki67 was unrelated to gonadotroph markers but positively correlated with CCNB1 (P = 0.001) and negatively correlated with CCND1 (P = 0.008). D2R and AIP were strongly correlated with each other (P < 0.001), and both positively correlated with SF1, βFSH, βLH, and CCND1. AIP immunopositivity was frequently observed in both groups, with a similar median score, and unrelated to Ki67. D2R immunostaining was best detected with a polyclonal antibody and mostly cytoplasmic. This study indicates that hormone-negative GnPT tend to occur in older patients but do not significantly differ from other GnPT in terms of invasion or proliferation. It also points out the current limits of D2R immunostaining in such tumors.
What’s Fairness Got to Do with it? Fair Opportunity, Practice Dependence, and the Right to Freedom of Religion
Authors: Lægaard Sune 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe right to religious liberty as for instance set out in the European Convention of Human Rights protects acts of religious observance. Such protection can clash with other considerations, including laws aimed at protecting other state interests. Religious freedom therefore requires an account of when the right should lead to exemptions from other laws and when the right can legitimately be limited. Alan Patten has proposed a Fair Opportunity view of the normative logic of religious liberty. But Patten’s view faces several problems. The normative work in his view is mainly done by added accounts of reasonable claims and of justifiability. So, the Fair Opportunity view in itself does not provide a normative criterion. Defenses of the Fair Opportunity view must therefore turn on the theoretical preferability of its structural features. But the Fair Opportunity view has the wrong form to capture the right to freedom of religion. The form of the right to freedom of religion is due to how its point is to address how states limit the liberty of citizens. Given a practice dependent approach, which assigns importance to the point and purpose of the right to freedom of religion, Patten’s theory is thus problematic.
Volunteers’ satisfaction with the voluntary association: exploring the role of service climate, organizational identification, and understanding motivation
Authors: Toscano Ferdinando , Zappalà Salvatore 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study employs the Attraction-Selection-Attrition model and Social Identity Theory to examine if organizational identification mediates the relationship between volunteers’ perception of service climate and satisfaction with the voluntary association they belong to. The study also investigates if understanding motivation, a component of motivation to volunteer, moderates the relationship between volunteers’ organizational identification and satisfaction with the voluntary association. A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire completed by 166 participants serving as volunteers in a Red Cross local committee in an Italian city. Results suggest that there is a significant positive relationship between service climate and satisfaction with the voluntary association. Additionally, it was observed that organizational identification partially and positively mediates the relationship between service climate and satisfaction with the voluntary association. Contrary to what expected, the moderation effect was negative instead of positive. Specifically, the findings suggest that understanding motivation improves the satisfaction with the voluntary association when volunteers have low level of organizational identification but decreases the satisfaction with the voluntary association when volunteers have high level of organizational identification. In the discussion, it is emphasized the importance of volunteers’ satisfaction with the association for organizational functioning and discussed the moderation results in the context of known theories. Finally, the paper presents the practical and research implications of the findings.
Machine learning and experiments identifies SPINK1 as a candidate diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yi Shiming , Zhang Chunlei , Li Ming , Qu Tianyi , Wang Jiafeng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMachine learning techniques have been widely used in predicting disease prognosis, including cancer prognosis. One of the major challenges in cancer prognosis is to accurately classify cancer types and stages to optimize early screening and detection, and machine learning techniques have proven to be very useful in this regard. In this study, we aimed at identifying critical genes for diagnosis and outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients using machine learning. The HCC expression dataset was downloaded from GSE65372 datasets and TCGA datasets. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between 39 HCC and 15 normal samples. For the purpose of locating potential biomarkers, the LASSO and the SVM-RFE assays were performed. The ssGSEA method was used to analyze the TCGA to determine whether there was an association between SPINK1 and tumor immune infiltrates. RT-PCR was applied to examine the expression of SPINK1 in HCC specimens and cells. A series of functional assays were applied to examine the function of SPINK1 knockdown on the proliferation of HCC cells. In this study, 103 DEGs were obtained. Based on LASSO and SVM-RFE analysis, we identified nine critical diagnostic genes, including C10orf113, SPINK1, CNTLN, NRG3, HIST1H2AI, GPRIN3, SCTR, C2orf40 and PITX1. Importantly, we confirmed SPINK1 as a prognostic gene in HCC. Multivariate analysis confirmed that SPINK1 was an independent prognostic factor for overall survivals of HCC patients. We also found that SPINK1 level was positively associated with Macrophages, B cells, TFH, T cells, Th2 cells, iDC, NK CD56bright cells, Th1 cells, aDC, while negatively associated with Tcm and Eosinophils. Finally, we demonstrated that SPINK1 expression was distinctly increased in HCC specimens and cells. Functionally, silence of SPINK1 distinctly suppressed the proliferation of HCC cells via regulating Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The evidence provided suggested that SPINK1 may possess oncogenic properties by inducing dysregulated immune infiltration in HCC. Additionally, SPINK1 was identified as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for HCC.
Learning robust features alignment for cross-domain medical image analysis
Authors: Zheng Zhen , Li Rui , Liu Cheng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDeep learning demonstrates impressive performance in many medical image analysis tasks. However, its reliability builds on the labeled medical datasets and the assumption of the same distributions between the training data (source domain) and the test data (target domain). Therefore, some unsupervised medical domain adaptation networks transfer knowledge from the source domain with rich labeled data to the target domain with only unlabeled data by learning domain-invariant features. We observe that conventional adversarial-training-based methods focus on the global distributions alignment and may overlook the class-level information, which will lead to negative transfer. In this paper, we attempt to learn the robust features alignment for the cross-domain medical image analysis. Specifically, in addition to a discriminator for alleviating the domain shift, we further introduce an auxiliary classifier to achieve robust features alignment with the class-level information. We first detect the unreliable target samples, which are far from the source distribution via diverse training between two classifiers. Next, a cross-classifier consistency regularization is proposed to align these unreliable samples and the negative transfer can be avoided. In addition, for fully exploiting the knowledge of unlabeled target data, we further propose a within-classifier consistency regularization to improve the robustness of the classifiers in the target domain, which enhances the unreliable target samples detection as well. We demonstrate that our proposed dual-consistency regularizations achieve state-of-the-art performance on multiple medical adaptation tasks in terms of both accuracy and Macro-F1-measure. Extensive ablation studies and visualization results are also presented to verify the effectiveness of each proposed module. For the skin adaptation results, our method outperforms the baseline and the second-best method by around 10 and 4 percentage points. Similarly, for the COVID-19 adaptation task, our model achieves consistently the best performance in terms of both accuracy (96.93%) and Macro-F1 (86.52%).
Marine algae inspired dispersion of swarm robots with binary sensory information
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Lei Xiaokang , Peng Xingguang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe dynamics of swarm robotic systems are complex and often nonlinear. One key issue is to design the controllers of a large number of simple, low-cost robots so that emergence can be observed. This paper presents a sensor and computation-friendly controller for swarm robotic systems inspired by the mechanisms observed in algae. The aim is to achieve uniform dispersion of robots by mimicking the circular movement observed in marine algae systems. The proposed controller utilizes binary sensory information (i.e., see or not see) to guide the robots’ motion. By moving circularly and switching the radii based on the perception of other robots in their line of sight, the robots imitate the repulsion behavior observed in algae. The controller relies solely on binary-state sensory input, eliminating the need for additional memory or communication. Up to 1024 simulated robots are used to validate the effectiveness of the dispersion controller, while experiments with 30 physical robots demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach.