bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Redefining the North Atlantic Oscillation index generation using autoencoder neural network
Authors: Ibebuchi Chibuike Chiedozie 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Understanding the spatial patterns of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is vital for climate science. For this reason, empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis is commonly applied to sea-level pressure (SLP) anomaly data in the North Atlantic region. This study evaluated the traditional EOF-based definition of the NAO index against the autoencoder (AE) neural network-based definition, using the Hurrell NAO Index (Station-Based) as a reference. Specifically, EOF and AE were applied to monthly SLP anomaly data from ERA5 (1950–2022) to derive spatial modes of variability in the North Atlantic region. Both methods produced spatial patterns consistent with the traditional NAO definition, with dipole centers of action between the Icelandic Low and the Azores High. During boreal winter (December to March), when the NAO is most active, the AE-based method achieved a correlation of 0.96 with the reference NAO index, outperforming the EOF-based method’s correlation of 0.90. The all-season Adjusted R-squared values were 50% for the AE-based index and 34% for the EOF-based index. Notably, the AE-based index revealed several other non-linear patterns of the NAO, with more than one encoded pattern correlating at least 0.90 with the reference NAO index during boreal winter. These results not only demonstrate the AE’s superiority over traditional EOF in representing the station-based index but also uncover previously unexplored complexities in the NAO that are close to the reference temporal pattern. This suggests that AE offers a promising approach for defining climate modes of variability, potentially capturing intricacies that traditional linear methods like EOF might miss.
Recurrent allopolyploidy and its implications for conservation in vascular plants: a commentary on ‘Population genomics of the Isoetes appalachiana (Isoetaceae) complex supports a “diploids-first” approach to conservation’
Authors: Almeida Thaís Elias , Santos Leal Bárbara Simões 
Published: January 2024

This article comments on:
David Wickell, Jacob Landis, Elizabeth Zimmer and Fay-Wei Li, Population genomics of the Isoetes appalachiana (Isoetaceae) complex supports a ‘diploids-first’ approach to conservation, Annals of Botany, Volume 133, Issue 2, 01 February 2024, Pages 261–272, https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcad180
Subgenome phasing for complex allopolyploidy: case-based benchmarking and recommendations
Authors: Zhang Ren-Gang , Shang Hong-Yun , Jia Kai-Hua , Ma Yong-Peng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Accurate subgenome phasing is crucial for understanding the origin, evolution and adaptive potential of polyploid genomes. SubPhaser and WGDI software are two common methodologies for subgenome phasing in allopolyploids, particularly in scenarios lacking known diploid progenitors. Triggered by a recent debate over the subgenomic origins of the cultivated octoploid strawberry, we examined four well-documented complex allopolyploidy cases as benchmarks, to evaluate and compare the accuracy of the two software. Our analysis demonstrates that the subgenomic structure phased by both software is in line with prior research, effectively tracing complex allopolyploid evolutionary trajectories despite the limitations of each software. Furthermore, using these validated methodologies, we revisited the controversial issue regarding the progenitors of the octoploid strawberry. The results of both methodologies reaffirm Fragaria vesca and Fragaria iinumae as progenitors of the octoploid strawberry. Finally, we propose recommendations for enhancing the accuracy of subgenome phasing in future studies, recognizing the potential of integrated tools for advanced complex allopolyploidy research and offering a new roadmap for robust subgenome-based phylogenetic analysis.
Vertical integration, technical progress and structural change
Authors: Santini Theo , Araujo Ricardo Azevedo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In search of an alternative representation of the economic system, Pasinetti ended up with a notion of vertical integration (VI) that takes interdependencies as its starting point but does not explicitly consider their role in the unfolding structural economic dynamics (SED). In this paper, we show that SED may be more inclusive of such interrelations to appropriately consider VI as a tool for analysing economic systems under the conditions of technical change and structural transformation. Our strategy is to focus on Pasinetti’s shift from his original development building on Sraffa’s sub-systems to his formulation of VI in terms of a pure labour technology in which all goods are produced by labour only. To carry out the analysis, we resume his iterative algorithm of VI, showing that we can extend it to the case of an expanding economy as a bridge between the horizontal and vertical production representations. Following this route, we can effectively address the features of structural transformation associated with changing patterns of interdependence. Besides, we can go from an assessment of productivity growth at an industrial level to determining the pace of technical change in a vertically integrated sector (VIS), which allows focussing on a concept of productivity derived from the VI, labelled as the total labour productivity (TLP). The TLP is robust to outsourcing of production, whose effects are adequately dealt with insofar as it considers not only the direct but also the indirect labour required to produce the final output.
Beyond the Gut: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Advanced Therapies for Inflammatory Bowel Disease-associated Extraintestinal Manifestations
Authors: Tímár Ágnes Eszter , Párniczky Andrea , Budai Kinga Anna , Hernádfői Márk Viktor , Kasznár Emese , Varga Péter , Hegyi Péter , Váncsa Szilárd , Tóth Réka , Veres Dániel Sándor , Garami Miklós , Müller Katalin Eszter 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Extraintestinal manifestations are frequent in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and have a negative impact on quality of life. Currently, however, there is no evidence available to determine which drug should be recommended for these patients beyond anti-tumour necrosis factor [anti-TNF] treatment. We aimed to analyse the frequency of new extraintestinal manifestations and the behaviour of pre-existing extraintestinal manifestations during advanced therapy.

Methods
We conducted a systematic search on November 15, 2022, and enrolled randomized controlled trials, cohorts, and case series reporting the occurrence and behaviour of extraintestinal manifestations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease receiving advanced therapy [non-TNF inhibitor biologicals and JAK inhibitors]. Proportions of new, recurring, worsening, and improving extraintestinal manifestations were calculated with 95% confidence intervals [CIs]. The risk of bias was assessed with the QUIPS tool.

Results
Altogether, 61 studies comprising 13,806 patients reported eligible data on extraintestinal manifestations. The overall proportion of new extraintestinal manifestations was 8% [95% CI, 6–12%] during advanced therapy. There was no significant difference between the frequency of new extraintestinal manifestations during vedolizumab and ustekinumab therapy [11%, 95% CI, 8–15% vs 6%, 95% CI, 3–11%, p = 0.166]. The improvement of pre-existing manifestations was comparable between vedolizumab- and ustekinumab-treated patients, except for joint involvement [42%, 95% CI, 32–53% vs 54%, 95% CI, 42–65%, p = 0.029].

Conclusion
The proportion of new extraintestinal manifestations was low during advanced therapy. Furthermore, the improvement of pre-existing manifestations was comparable between advanced therapies, except for pre-existing joint manifestations.
School Choice with Consent: an Experiment
Authors: Cerrone Claudia , Hermstrüwer Yoan , Kesten Onur 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Public school choice often yields student assignments that are neither fair nor efficient. The efficiency-adjusted deferred acceptance mechanism allows students to consent to waive priorities that have no effect on their assignments. A burgeoning recent literature places the efficiency-adjusted deferred acceptance mechanism at the centre of the trade-off between efficiency and fairness in school choice. Meanwhile, the Flemish Ministry of Education has taken the first steps to implement this algorithm in Belgium. We provide the first experimental evidence on the performance of the efficiency-adjusted deferred acceptance mechanism against the celebrated deferred acceptance mechanism. We find that both efficiency and truth-telling rates are higher under the efficiency-adjusted deferred acceptance mechanism than under the deferred acceptance mechanism, even though the efficiency-adjusted deferred acceptance mechanism is not strategy proof. When the priority waiver is enforced, efficiency further increases, while truth-telling rates decrease relative to variants of the efficiency-adjusted deferred acceptance mechanism where students can dodge the waiver. Our results challenge the importance of strategy proofness as a prerequisite for truth telling and portend a new trade-off between efficiency and vulnerability to preference manipulation.
Development and implementation of a stand-level satellite-based forest inventory for Canada
Authors: Wulder Michael A , Hermosilla Txomin , White Joanne C , Bater Christopher W , Hobart Geordie , Bronson Spencer C 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Satellite data are increasingly used to provide information to support forest monitoring and reporting at varying levels of detail and for a range of attributes and spatial extents. Forests are dynamic environments and benefit from regular assessments to capture status and changes both locally and over large areas. Satellite data can provide products relevant to forest science and management on a regular basis (e.g. annually) for land cover, disturbance (i.e. date, extent, severity, and type), forest recovery (e.g. quantification of return of trees following disturbance), and forest structure (e.g. volume, biomass, canopy cover, stand height), with products generated over large areas in a systematic, transparent, and repeatable fashion. While pixel-based outcomes are typical based upon satellite data inputs, many end users continue to require polygon-based forest inventory information. To meet this information need and have a spatial context for forest inventory attributes such as tree species assemblages, we present a new work-flow to produce a novel spatially explicit, stand-level satellite-based forest inventory (SBFI) in Canada applying image segmentation approaches to generate spatially unique forest stands (polygons), which are the fundamental spatial unit of management-level inventories. Thus, SBFI offers spatial context to aggregate and generalize other pixel-based forest data sets. Canada has developed a National Terrestrial Ecosystem Monitoring System (NTEMS) that utilizes medium spatial resolution imagery, chiefly from Landsat, to annually characterize Canada’s forests at a pixel level from 1984 until present. These NTEMS datasets are used to populate SBFI polygons with information regarding status (e.g. current land cover type, dominant tree species, or total biomass) as well as information on dynamics (e.g. has this polygon been subject to change, when, by what, and if so, how is the forest recovering). Here, we outline the information drivers for forest monitoring, present a set of products aimed at meeting these information needs, and follow to demonstrate the SBFI concept over the 650-Mha extent of Canada’s forest-dominated ecosystems. In so doing, the entirety of Canada’s forest ecosystems (managed and unmanaged) were mapped using the same data, attributes, and temporal representation. Moreover, the use of polygons allows for the generation of attributes such as tree species composition, and total biomass and wood volume in a stand-scale format familiar to landscape managers and suitable for strategic planning. The data, methods, and outcomes presented here are portable to other regions and input data sources, and the national SBFI outcomes for Canada are available via open access.
Effect of cinnamaldehyde on Rhizopus stolonifer and on the conservation of sweet potato
Authors: Chen Chen , Xue Zhichao , Pristijono Penta , Golding John B , Chen Gang , Li Yongxin , Yang Huqing 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Rhizopus stolonifer, which causes soft rot of sweet potato, has resulted in substantial loss of economy postharvest.

Materials and Methods
The antifungal effect and mechanism of cinnamaldehyde (CIN) against R. stolonifer were explored by biochemical analysis and RNA-sequencing in this research, and the edible quality of CIN-treated sweet potato was evaluated.

Results
The results showed that CIN inhibited the growth of R. stolonifer and reduced the incidence of soft rot in sweet potato at a minimum inhibitory concentration of 1000 μL/L. The damage of the cell walls of R. stolonifer by CIN was associated with the upregulation of CHT1. Cytosolic leakage and malondialdehyde content increased following CIN-treatment, which was correlated with increased reactive oxygen species levels and decreased catalase activity. Upregulation of ERG genes and oxidative stress-related genes following CIN treatment was associated with impaired cell membrane integrity. The mitochondrial structure of R. stolonifer was damaged by CIN treatment resulting in decreased respiration rates and ATP production, which was correlated with lower expression levels of IDH1, COX4, and QCR7.

Conclusions
Our research suggests that the inhibition of CIN on R. stolonifer was related to the disruption of its normal gene expression network, and CIN maintained the nutritional and edible quality of sweet potato. This study provides valuable insights into the antifungal mechanism of CIN on R. stolonifer and the maintenance of root quality, which contributes to the efficient use of CIN for controlling soft rot in sweet potato.
Co-estimation of core and lithospheric magnetic fields by a maximum entropy method
Authors: Otzen Mikkel , Finlay Christopher C , Kloss Clemens 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Satellite observations of the geomagnetic field contain signals generated in Earth’s interior by electrical currents in the core and by magnetized rocks in the lithosphere. At short wavelengths the lithospheric signal dominates, obscuring the signal from the core. Here we present details of a method to co-estimate separate models for the core and lithospheric fields, which are allowed to overlap in spherical harmonic degree, that makes use of prior information to aid the separation. Using a maximum entropy method we estimate probabilistic models for the time-dependent core field and the static lithospheric field that satisfy constraints provided by satellite observations while being consistent with prior knowledge of the spatial covariance and expected magnitude of each field at its source surface. For the core field, we find that between spherical harmonic degree 13 and 22 power adds coherently to the established structures, and present a synthetic test that illustrates the aspects of the small scale core field that can reliably be retrieved. For the large scale lithospheric field we also find encouraging results, with the strongest signatures below spherical harmonic degree 13 occurring at locations of known prominent lithospheric field anomalies in the northern part of Eastern Europe, Australia and eastern North America. Although the amplitudes of the small scale core field and large scale lithospheric field are likely underestimated we find no evidence that obvious artefacts are introduced. Compared with conventional maps of the core–mantle boundary field our results suggest more localized normal flux concentrations close to the tangent cylinder, and that low latitude flux concentrations occur in pairs with opposite polarities. Future improvements in the recovery of the small scale core field and large scale lithospheric field will depend on whether more detailed prior information can be reliably extracted from core dynamo and lithospheric magnetization simulations.
Identifying adaptations for a mindfulness program for Spanish-speaking mothers of children with chronic conditions or disabilities
Authors: Arthur Kimberly C , Mendez Sanchez Araceli , Tamayo Montero Angie , Delgado Patricia , Rosas Ramos Ofelia , Orlich Felice , Desai Arti D 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Mothers of children with chronic conditions or disabilities have benefited from mindfulness programs, yet culturally relevant mindfulness programs for Spanish-speaking mothers are lacking. We aimed to explore how this population experienced a peer-led mindfulness program to inform adaptations. Sixteen mothers attended a 6-week program and completed semi-structured interviews. Using a realist evaluation framework, we explored relationships between participants’ context, the program’s mechanisms and outcomes. Our thematic analysis found that four contextual factors—faith, self-concept as a woman and mother, trauma, and level of social support—influenced how participants experienced the mechanisms. Mechanisms included having positive experiences when trying practices, engaging in self-reflection, and sharing life experiences and learning in community. The mechanisms led to four outcomes: emotion regulation, savoring daily life experiences, empowerment to practice self-care and common humanity. Faith was an important enabling factor because participants had positive experiences when integrating their faith with program content. Future research should examine adaptations that invite participants to explore this synergy. Self-reflection should also be emphasized because it increased motivation to use practices and helped address barriers to engagement. Because the four contextual factors apply to many Spanish-speaking immigrants, these adaptations could enhance mindfulness programs for this population more broadly.
Latin American International Political Economy: contributions beyond the transatlantic divide
Authors: Quiliconi Cintia , Silva Julissa Castro 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The way in which international political economy (IPE) developed in Anglo-Saxon countries set the main standards for its study in other regions of the world, establishing a transatlantic order that separated mainstream IPE from the periphery. This article is part of a debate that seeks to raise awareness of Latin American contributions to IPE. It underlines the connections between thought and political practice, examining how the subfield has developed between 2000 and 2021 by studying works published in the leading journals of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Mexico. Three central arguments are discussed. First, the field of IPE in Latin America developed before its conception in the Anglo-Saxon world and separately of mainstream views because distinctive regional problems did not fit well within the frameworks of mainstream approaches. Second, there is a vibrancy in the debate about IPE topics in regional journals, and the intellectual tradition of the 1950s and 1960s is under constant revision. Third, in contrast to the bias in mainstream IR that focuses on policy successes, Latin American IPE has been closely related to the formulation of policies that have often examined adversities in the implementation of policies connected to the different crises the region has faced.
Alicia Moreau's socialist feminism on war: transcending western narratives?
Authors: Villanueva Ricardo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
According to conventional narratives of International Relations (IR), the vast majority—if not all—of the twentieth-century proposals to overcome war came from men, such as Norman Angell, Vladimir Lenin and Woodrow Wilson. Recent efforts show that women also contributed significantly to the topic; nevertheless, they have focused almost exclusively on women from the United States or Great Britain. Despite Argentinian Alicia Moreau's significant writings on war, her international thought remains unknown in Latin America, and in the histories of international thought and IR. Through a textual analysis of Moreau's writings and speeches, as well as a comparative approach with other socialist and feminist perspectives, this article has a double objective. First, to lay the foundations for demonstrating that women from the global South also contributed to explaining and providing practical solutions to war during the early twentieth century; and second, to draw lessons from Moreau's writings for today's policy-makers. The article shows that although Moreau's international thought does not transcend Eurocentrism, her blend of socialist democratic feminism, informed by her work as an activist and politician, offers a moderate non-violent alternative to other well-known socialist and feminist approaches, and provides insights for policy-makers on the importance of women, education and democracy to achieve a more peaceful and egalitarian world.
Bringing visibility to Latin American autonomists: a comparison between Jaguaribe and Puig
Authors: Lorenzini María Elena 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Jaguaribe and Puig are two prominent International Relations theorists from the global South. Their works have become classics in Latin American studies and demonstrate a couple of different, dissident and dissonant voices from the so-called mainstream. Their contributions are the rationale behind autonomist foreign policies in Latin America, such as those that scholars envisioned during the progressive wave of left-wing governments; thus, they are essential to understanding the dynamics and debates that have taken place in the region for at least three decades. This research is guided by the questions of what are the primary theoretical categories and common characteristics of the selected concepts. By answering those, this article sheds light on the theoretical contributions of both avant-garde and pioneering authors, while also highlighting the marginalized and little-known voices in the field of study. I undertake a comparative study of the main conceptual categories that organize these autonomist proposals. The main conclusions are that autonomy is a process achieved through incremental steps; the rational behaviour of actors would be to increase their room for manoeuvre, based on internal and regional consensus to provide a sustainable framework. The article concludes by looking at examples of and clues for identifying autonomist foreign policies.