FRAUD HEXAGON DAN FRAUDULENT FINANCIAL STATEMENT DENGAN PENDEKATAN BENEISH M-SCORE MODEL
Authors: Rianggi Freina , Novita Novita 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTThe increase in construction project fraud cases resulting in large losses for Indonesia is serious concern because the value of project contracts is large. This fraud occurs because of pressure, capability, collusion, opportunity, rationalization, and ego from both internal and external parties. This indicator is known as the fraud hexagon theory. The fraud committed has an impact on the accuracy and reliability of the financial statements, including affecting the amount of taxes, fines paid and audit process. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of fraud hexagon: stimulus, capability, collusion, opportunity, rationalization, and ego in detecting fraudulent financial statements using Beneish M-Score Model. This research is quantitative study using purposive sampling method with criteria, construction companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) and issuing annual reports for the 2017–2021 period. There are 75 observation samples from 15 companies. Methods of data analysis using logistic regression analysis with testing using STATA14. The research results that stimulus is measured by financial stability, opportunity by nature of industry, rationalization by total accrual to total assets and ego by dualism position affects the occurrence of fraudulent financial statements as measured by Beneish M-Score Model. Meanwhile, other indicators, capability seen from changes in directors and collusion, cannot influence the occurrence of fraudulent construction company financial statements.Keywords: Beneish M-Score Model, Construction Company, Fraud Hexagon, Fraudulent Financial Statement.
ABSTRAKPeningkatan kasus kecurangan proyek konstruksi mengakibatkan kerugian bagi Indonesia menjadi perhatian serius karena nilai kontrak proyek besar. Kecurangan tersebut terjadi karena dorongan, kapabilitas, kolusi, kesempatan, rasionalisasi, dan ego baik dari pihak internal maupun eksternal. Indikator tersebut dikenal dengan fraud hexagon theory. Kecurangan yang dilakukan berdampak pada keakuratan dan keandalan dari laporan keuangan yang disajikan diantaranya mempengaruhi besaran pajak, denda yang dibayar dan proses audit. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh fraud hexagon yaitu stimulus, kapabilitas (capability), kolusi (collusion), kesempatan (opportunity), rasionalisasi (rationalization), dan ego dalam mendeteksi kecurangan laporan keuangan dinilai menggunakan Beneish M-Score Model. Penelitian ini, penelitian kuantitatif dengan pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan kriteria, perusahaan konstruksi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) dan menerbitkan laporan tahunan periode 2017–2021. Terdapat 75 sampel observasi dari 15 perusahaan. Metode analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi logistik dengan pengujian menggunakan STATA 14. Hasil Penelitian menunjukan bahwa stimulus diukur dengan financial stability, kesempatan dengan nature of industry, rasionalisasi dengan total accrual to total asset dan ego dengan dualism position mempengaruhi terjadinya kecurangan laporan keuangan yang diukur melalui Beneish M-Score Model. Sedangkan indikator lain yaitu kapabilitas dilihat dari pergantian direktur dan kolusi tidak dapat memengaruhi terjadinya kecurangan laporan keuangan perusahaan konstruksi.Kata Kunci: Beneish M-Score Model, Fraud Hexagon, Kecurangan Laporan Keuangan, Perusahaan Konstruksi