bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graphical approach to analyzing DNA sequences
Authors: Liao Bo , Ding Kequan 
Published: August 2005

AbstractRecently, we proposed a 2D graphical representation of DNA sequence [J Comput Chem 25(2004) 1364–1368]. Based on this representation, we outline one approach to search optimal alignment. We also can judge the mutations between bases and an unknown sequence based on its graph and a known sequence's graph. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 26: 1519–1523, 2005
Modeling lanthanide complexes: Sparkle/AM1 parameters for ytterbium (III)
Authors: Freire Ricardo O. , Rocha Gerd B. , Simas Alfredo M. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe Sparkle/AM1 model is extended to ytterbium (III) complexes. Thus, a set of 15 complexes, with various representative ligands, chosen to be representative of all complexes of high crystallographic quality (R‐factor <0.05 Å) in the Cambridge Crystallographic Database, and which possess oxygen and/or nitrogen as coordinating atoms, was used as the training set. In the validation procedure we added 32 more high quality crystallographic structures. For the 47 complexes, the Sparkle/AM1 unsigned mean error for all interatomic distances between the Yb(III) ion and the ligand atoms of the first sphere of coordination is 0.07 Å, similar to present‐day ab initio/ECP geometry prediction accuracies, and potentially useful for luminescent complex design while being hundreds of times faster. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 26: 1524–1528, 2005
Covering arrays of higher strength from permutation vectors
Authors: Sherwood George B. , Martirosyan Sosina S. , Colbourn Charles J. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA covering array CA(N;t,k,v) is an N × k array such that every N × t sub‐array contains all t‐tuples from v symbols at least once, where t is the strength of the array. Covering arrays are used to generate software test suites to cover all t‐sets of component interactions. We introduce a combinatorial technique for their construction, focussing on covering arrays of strength 3 and 4. With a computer search, covering arrays with improved parameters have been found. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 14: 202–213, 2006
The valuations of the near hexagons related to the Witt designs S(5,6,12) and S(5,8,24)
Authors: De Bruyn Bart , Vandecasteele Pieter 
Published: August 2005

AbstractValuations of dense near polygons were introduced in 16. In the present paper, we classify all valuations of the near hexagons 𝔼1 and 𝔼2, which are related to the respective Witt designs S(5,6,12) and S(5,8,24). Using these classifications, we prove that if a dense near polygon S contains a hex H isomorphic to 𝔼1 or 𝔼2, then H is classical in S. We will use this result to determine all dense near octagons that contain a hex isomorphic to 𝔼1 or 𝔼2. As a by‐product, we obtain a purely geometrical proof for the nonexistence of regular near 2d‐gons, d ≥ 4, whose parameters s, t, ti (0 ≤ i ≤ d) satisfy (s, t2, t3) = (2, 1, 11) or (2, 2, 14). The nonexistence of these regular near polygons can also be shown with the aid of eigenvalue techniques. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 14: 214–228, 2006
Moments of graphs in monotone families
Authors: Füredi Zoltán , Kündgen André 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe kth moment of the degree sequence d1 ≥ d2 ≥ …dn of a graph G is $\mu _k(G)={1\over n}{\sum}{d_i^k}$. We give asymptotically sharp bounds for μk(G) when G is in a monotone family. We use these results for the case k = 2 to improve a result of Pach, Spencer, and Tóth [15]. We answer a question of Erdős [9] by determining the maximum variance ${\mu _2(G)-\mu _1^2(G)}$ of the degree sequence when G is a triangle‐free n‐vertex graph. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Proton spin–spin relaxation time of peel and flesh of navel orange varieties exposed to freezing temperature
Authors: Gambhir Prem N , Choi Young J , Slaughter David C , Thompson James F , McCarthy Michael J 
Published: August 2005

AbstractProton spin–spin relaxation times (T2) of peel (albedo and flavedo) and juice sacs (flesh segments) of navel oranges were measured at 10 MHz using a Bruker Minispec PC 110 NMR spectrometer. The oranges were subjected to chilling (5 °C) and freezing (−7 °C) temperatures for 20 h and warmed to room temperature before peeling for T2 measurements. The exposure to chilling or freezing temperature did not affect the T2 values of peel, but freezing caused an appreciable decrease (∼15%) in the T2 values of flesh segments of the varieties of navel oranges studied. When the peel was exposed to −20 °C, the T2 showed a drastic reduction suggesting that the peel did not freeze at −7 °C. The possible cause of reduction in the T2 values when exposed to freezing temperature may be damage to the juice sac membrane and leakage of juice out of the sac. The difference in the T2 values between juice sacs of freeze‐affected and normal oranges can potentially be used for detection of freeze‐damaged fruits. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Relationship between glutenin subunit composition and gluten strength measurements in durum wheat
Authors: Sissons Mike J , Ames Nancy P , Hare Ray A , Clarke John M 
Published: August 2005

AbstractDurum breeders use a range of techniques in the development of new cultivars. An important selection criterion is the rheological properties of semolina dough and durum wheat breeders use this criterion in the development of new cultivars using a range of techniques. Because of the need to process large numbers of genotypes encountered in breeding programs, methods that are inexpensive, rapid, require small amounts of sample and that correlate with semolina quality are desirable. Using breeding material, this study investigated the relationship between the glutenin subunit composition and two traditional tests of gluten strength, gluten index (GI) and mixograph. Two sample sets of durum wheat breeding lines and cultivars, one grown in Canada (n = 229) and the other grown in Australia (n = 139) were analysed for GI, mixograph and both high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) glutenin subunits by SDS‐PAGE. Nine different HMW and 14 different LMW allelic combinations were found. In the Canadian set, the most frequent LMW alleles were aaa, bba, caa and cfa while in the Australian set, caa was predominant. For the HMW subunits, the most common allelic groups were Glu‐A1c/Glu‐B1d (null, 6 + 8) and Glu‐A1c/Glu‐B1b (null, 7 + 8) with fewer numbers of Glu‐A1c/Glu‐B1e (null, 20) in both sample sets. LMW subunits were more important contributors to gluten strength than HMW subunits with the rank for higher GI according to the LMW allele (Canadian set) being caa = aaa > bba and aaa > cfa while HMW subunits 6 + 8 = 7 + 8 > 20. Similarly, using the mixograph, strength ranking for the LMW alleles was aaa > cfa = bba and HMW subunit 20 gave poorer rheological properties. For some samples with a good LMW allelic group a low GI was observed and vice versa. Further characterisation of the protein composition in these samples showed the GI results could be explained by polymeric/monomeric (P/M), glutenin/gliadin (Glu/Gli) and HMW/LMW ratios or the proportion of unextractable polymeric protein. © Crown in the right of the State of New South Wales, Australia; and for the Department of Agriculture and Agri‐Food, Government of Canada, © Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada 2005. Published for SCI by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acid hydrolysis and fermentation of brewer's spent grain to produce xylitol
Authors: Mussatto Solange I , Roberto Inês C 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe hemicellulosic fraction of brewer's spent grain (BSG) was hydrolysed with diluted acid under different conditions of liquid/solid ratio (8–12 g g−1), sulfuric acid concentration (100–140 mg g−1 dry matter) and reaction time (17–37 min) in order to produce a liquor with a large amount of xylose and good fermentability to produce xylitol. Results showed that all the evaluated reaction conditions were able to hydrolyse xylan and arabinan with efficiencies higher than 85.8 and 95.7% respectively, and even under the mildest reaction condition a considerable amount (92.7%) of the hemicellulosic fraction could be extracted. The hydrolysates presented different fermentabilities when used as fermentation media for xylitol production by Candida guilliermondii yeast, owing to the differences in their composition. Based on statistical analysis, the best condition for BSG acid hydrolysis was the use of a liquid/solid ratio of 8 g g−1, 100 mg H2SO4 g−1 dry matter and a reaction time of 17 min. Under this condition a high extraction efficiency of hemicellulosic sugars (92.7%) and good fermentation results (YP/S = 0.70 g g−1 and QP = 0.45 g dm−3 h−1) were attained. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Changes in chemical composition of lupin seeds (Lupinus angustifolius) after selective α‐galactoside extraction
Authors: Torres Alexia , Frias Juana , Vidal‐Valverde Concepción 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA selective procedure for the extraction of α‐galactosides has been employed in two sweet lupin seeds (Lupinus angustifolius var. Troll and var. Emir) in order to reduce flatulence‐causing factors. Different nutritional parameters (proteins, fat, ash, dietary fibre, starch, sucrose, vitamins B1, B2, E and C) and antinutritional factors (α‐galactosides, trypsin inhibitor activity and inositol phosphates) were studied in raw and processed seeds. The α‐galactoside content in both varieties was reduced by 87–100%. The extracted lupins seeds presented a high retention in protein and fat (109–136% and 95–104%, respectively). Sucrose and soluble dietary fibre, however, decreased significantly as a result of processing and retentions ranged between 5 and 29%. The vitamin B1, B2, and E contents decreased during selective extraction, the retentions being in the ranges 25–47%, 38–40%, and 48–54%, respectively, for var. Troll and Emir. However extracted lupin seeds still contained important amounts of vitamins and insoluble dietary fibre, compounds with nutritional importance. Raw and processed lupins did not contain starch. TIA and vitamin C were not detected, and total inositol phosphates were modified slightly after extraction. In conclusion, the lupin seeds obtained by the extraction of α‐galactosides can be an adequate proteic ingredient to be incorporated in functional foods. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Cytochemical characterization and structural approach to Prosopis juliflora (Sw) D.C. seed gum extraction
Authors: Gallão Maria I , Furtado Ricardo S , de Brito Edy S 
Published: August 2005

AbstractMesquite seed is a good gum source. In this work seed structure was characterized in order to help seed gum extraction. Seed gum was located between cotyledon and seed coat. Milling process yielded, basically, two fractions: endosperm and seed coat plus gum. This fact was supported by the cytochemical observation of a dense layer near the seed coat and a loose layer near the endosperm. Cells containing seed gum had thick cell walls and a proteic core. Seed gum extraction implications are discussed. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Extending storage life of fresh ginseng by modified atmosphere packaging
Authors: Hu Wenzhong , Xu Ping , Uchino Toshitaka 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFresh ginseng (Panax ginseng) was packaged with LDPE and PVC films. The respiration rates of fresh ginseng were determined in modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) at 0, 10 and 20 °C. The changes in chemical compositions were also measured before and after storage. The results showed that respiration rates of fresh ginseng were suppressed more effectively in MAP, especially in a poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) package. The storage life of fresh ginseng was significantly extended with better appearance and firmness for 210 days. The decay rate was only 1.3% and 1.0% in both low density polyethylene (LDPE) and PVC film package after 210 days of storage at 0 °C, respectively. The results of saponin analysis indicated that the contents of total saponin were not changed much in all treatments. Reducing sugar was increased by 2.7 to 5.3 times, while pectin decreased by 1.1 to 1.4 times after 210 days of storage at the range of 0–20 °C. Total sugar content also increased during storage, especially in LDPE packages and high temperature. It was considered that MAP was very effective storage method for keeping quality better with minimal quality loss and lower decay rate at lower temperature. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Consumers' preferences for beef in the Spanish region of Extremadura: a study using conjoint analysis
Authors: Mesías Francisco J , Escribano Miguel , de Ledesma Antonio Rodríguez , Pulido Francisco 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe study of consumers' preferences is of great interest in the beef sector, where the BSE crisis generated deep changes in the basic conditions of demand for meat and in the behaviour of consumers. Previous qualitative research showed that ‘price’, ‘origin’, ‘production system’ and ‘labelling’ were the main attributes affecting preferences for beef in Extremadura (SW Spain). The data were obtained by a survey carried out between February and April 2002 with a sample of 575 regular consumers of beef. Conjoint Analysis has been used to estimate the relative importance of those attributes and to determine the existence of consumer segments with similar preference profiles. Results show that the origin of the product is the most important attribute for the choice of beef, followed by quality labelling, production system and price. Three groups of consumers were identified through cluster analysis, according to their preferences for beef. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
In vitro culture of Pandanus amaryllifolius and enhancement of 2‐acetyl‐1‐pyrroline, the major flavouring compound of aromatic rice, by precursor feeding of L‐proline
Authors: Thimmaraju R , Bhagyalakshmi N , Narayan MS , Venkatachalam L , Ravishankar GA 
Published: August 2005

AbstractShoots, plantlets and semi‐differentiated callus (SDC) cultures of Pandanus amaryllifolius capable of producing high levels of basmati rice flavour were established in vitro using Murashige and Skoog nutrient medium. A total of 10% of the initial explants responded to produce shoot cultures in the presence of benzylamino purine (BAP) (0.5 mg L−1) and glutamine (100 mg L−1). Leaf explants and basal portions of shoots produced SDC whereas elongated in vitro shoots could be continuously multiplied, using BAP (1.5 mg L−1) and kinetin (Kn) (1.0 mg L−1), and rooted in half‐strength medium for ex vitro cultivation leading to a process of micropropagation. Steam‐distillation extraction (SDE) followed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analysis of various cultured organs and spent liquid medium used for SDC revealed the presence of 2‐acetyl‐1‐pyrroline (2‐AP) to various extents. This 2‐AP compound has been identified as the major flavouring compound of scented basmati and other scented rice varieties. 2‐AP was found to be highest, on a fresh weight basis, in SDC (19.7 mg kg−1) on the 40th day, whereas in vitro roots, shoots and field leaves (of one‐year‐old plant) had lower levels of 15, 6.8 and 14 mg kg−1, respectively. Further enhancement of 2‐AP in SDC using precursor was possible by feeding into medium 1 mmol L−1 of L‐proline where a highest level of 21.67 ppm of 2‐AP accumulated on the seventh day whereas a higher level of 2 mmol L−1 of L‐proline suppressed 2‐AP levels. The present report is the first on the tissue culture studies of P. amaryllifolius where continuous production of plantlets as well as synthesis of high levels of 2‐AP has been documented. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Soybean cultivars impact quality and function of soymilk and tofu
Authors: Kim Yookyung , Wicker Louise 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe functional properties of soymilk and tofu prepared from Benning and Danbaekkong soy cultivars were identified. The protein content in soymilk was significantly higher for Danbaekkong, at 46.4 g kg−1, than for Benning at 42.0 g kg−1. The 11S/7S globulin ratios of Danbaekkong and Benning were estimated at 0.93 and 0.38, respectively. Soymilk from Danbaekkong was more non‐Newtonian (n = 0.69) than soymilk from Benning (n = 0.84). Tofu prepared from Danbaekkong was significantly harder, chewier and gummier than tofu from Benning. Differences in protein content, protein ratio, viscosity, textural properties and color of soymilk can be applied as indicators of quality and functionality in soy foods such as tofu. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Decontamination of aflatoxin‐contaminated maize by dehulling
Authors: Siwela Andrew H , Siwela Mthulisi , Matindi Gibson , Dube Shadreck , Nziramasanga Nozipho 
Published: August 2005

AbstractDehulling of maize grains as an aflatoxin decontamination method was investigated. Sixty kilograms of maize (whose average moisture content was 110 g kg−1) were thoroughly mixed and divided into two samples. The kernel moisture content of one sample was adjusted to 200 g kg−1 while the other (control) was left at 110 g kg−1. The two samples were kept at ambient temperature (25–30 °C) for 21 days. Twenty sub‐samples, ten from each, were further divided into two so that one lot was dehulled while the other was not dehulled. These sub‐samples were then milled to pass through a 1 mm screen and the meal was evaluated for aflatoxin contamination. It was found that there was a 92% decrease in aflatoxin levels in dehulled maize meal compared with undehulled maize meal. We therefore suggest that dehulling the grain can be used to reduce aflatoxin levels in maize. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparison of sheep and red deer rumen fluids for assessing nutritive value of ruminant feedstuffs
Authors: Hervás Gonzalo , Ranilla María J , Mantecón Ángel R , Tejido María L , Frutos Pilar 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFour forages (alfalfa hay, barley straw, maize silage and beet pulp), four cereal grains (barley, maize, sorghum and wheat) and four shrubs (Calluna vulgaris, Erica australis, Cytisus cantabricus and Genista occidentalis) were incubated using rumen fluids from sheep and red deer, to examine differences in in vitro fermentation rates and ruminal parameters. For the forages and cereal grains, results suggest few differences between species in parameters related to gas production, rates of fermentation, organic matter disappearance and extent of degradation. Deer showed slightly better results for shrubs than sheep did. Disappearance of neutral detergent fibre was generally greater when the rumen fluid was derived from red deer (P < 0.05). On the other hand, ammonia‐N concentration and total volatile fatty acids (VFAs) were higher in sheep (P < 0.05). Molar proportions of the major VFAs showed significant differences (P < 0.05) associated with the species of the inoculum donor and suggest that fermentation pathways might have been more efficient in red deer. The estimated amount of methane was higher in sheep, regardless of the substrate incubated (P < 0.001). The results indicate that although the sheep could be valid as a model to assess the nutritive value of good quality feedstuffs for red deer, it would fail to offer reliable information on non‐conventional, low‐quality feeds such as shrubs. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
The phenolic acid and polysaccharide composition of cell walls of bran layers of mature wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Avalon) grains
Authors: Parker Mary L , Ng Annie , Waldron Keith W 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the carbohydrate and phenolic‐ester composition of cell walls in wheat bran layers. Four defined layers of wheat bran were separated manually from mature grains of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Avalon) to give samples of beeswing bran (outer pericarp), cross cells, testa + nucellar epidermis and aleurone cells. The cell‐wall material from each layer, and from a sample of intact bran, was analysed for carbohydrates and wall‐bound esterified phenolic acids. The cell‐wall material of intact bran was rich in arabinose and xylose with significant quantities of glucose and uronic acid and a relatively small amount of galactose and mannose. The varying ratios of arabinose:xylose in cell walls of isolated bran layers indicated that the heteroxylans had tissue‐specific substitution patterns. HPLC analysis of phenolic acids identified significant amounts of esterified ferulic acid and 8‐8′‐ (aryltetralin form), 5‐8′‐, 5‐5′‐, 8‐0‐4′‐ and 5‐8′‐(benzofuran form)‐dehydrodiferulic acids in the isolated cell walls. Ferulic acid was highly concentrated in the aleurone layer, whereas dehydrodiferulates were concentrated in the beeswing bran and cross cells. The role of phenolic cross‐linking is discussed in relation to the architecture of the cell walls of wheat bran and to processing implications. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Simultaneous determination of cefepime and L‐arginine by micellar electrokinetic chromato‐ graphy and applications to commercial injections
Authors: Chen Yi‐Ru , Lin Shun‐Jin , Chou Yu‐Wei , Wu Hsin‐Lung , Chen Su‐Hwei 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA simple micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) with UV detection is described for simultaneous analysis of cefepime and L‐arginine. The determination of cefepime and L‐arginine in pharmaceutical preparations was performed at 25°C using a background electrolyte consisting of Tris buffer with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as the electrolyte solution. Several parameters affecting the separation of the drugs were studied, including the pH and concentrations of the Tris buffer and SDS. Under optimal MEKC conditions, good separation with high efficiency and short analysis times is achieved. Using cefazolin as an internal standard, the linear ranges of the method for the determination of cefepime and L‐arginine were over 5–100 μg/mL; the detection limits of cefepime (signal to noise ratio = 3; injection 3.45 kPa, 3 s) and L‐arginine (signal to noise ratio = 3; injection 3.45 kPa, 3 s) were 2 μg/mL and 4 μg/mL, respectively. Applicability of the proposed method for the determination of cefepime and L‐arginine in commercial injections was demonstrated.
Turbulent flow chromatography for the reduction of matrix effects in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry‐based enzyme assays
Authors: Liesener André , Karst Uwe 
Published: August 2005

AbstractTurbulent flow chromatography (TFC) is presented as a means to reduce ion suppression in simultaneous multianalyte mass spectrometric bioassays. In this study, the effects of enzymes present in the sample on the signal response of five analytes were simultaneously investigated over a protein content range from 0 to 38 μg/mL by means of direct flow injection MS. As model enzymes, trypsin, thrombin, and chymotrypsin were selected. Without employment of TFC, both signal suppression and signal enhancement, depending on the nature of the analyte and the amount of matrix in the sample, were observed. Generally, these matrix effects were found to be intolerably large. The deviation from the mean signal response as a measure of deterioration was found to be between 14 and 112%. The addition of an excess of methanol as means of sample clean‐up was investigated and found not to be sufficient. By employing TFC for online sample preparation, it was possible to reduce the matrix effects to a minimum for all model systems investigated. In case of trypsin the distortion could be lowered from 41.9 to 2.6%. Thus, TFC is considered to be a highly valuable tool for improving the sensitivity and reliability in the monitoring of enzymatic conversions by means of MS.