bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transjugular approach to balloon mitral valvuloplasty helps overcome impediments caused by anatomical alterations
Authors: Joseph George , George Oommen K. , Mandalay Asishkumar , Sathe Sunil 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTen patients who had anatomic alterations that cause impediments to successful completion of conventional transfemoral balloon mitral valvuloplasty (BMV) underwent transjugular BMV. They included six patients in whom conventional BMV could not be completed due to cardiac anatomic distortion; two patients with dextrocardia (one with visceroatrial situs solitus and the other with situs inversus); two patients with venous abnormalities (one with azygous continuation of the inferior vena cava and the other with bilateral iliac/femoral vein occlusion). Transjugular BMV was successful in all 10 patients (mean mitral valve area increasing from 0.68 ± 0.17 to 1.92 ± 0.40 cm2; range, 1.56–2.76 cm2); it was quick (mean total fluoroscopy time, 10.5 ± 2.7 min; range, 7.3–15.2 min); and it was safe (no major or minor complications except one patient who developed severe mitral regurgitation that only required medical therapy). The jugular approach to BMV overcomes many of the technical problems caused by anatomic changes that are encountered in transfemoral BMV and complements the latter approach. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;57:353–362. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Balloon‐based radiation therapy for treatment of in‐stent restenosis in human coronary arteries: Results from the BRITE I study
Authors: Waksman Ron , Buchbinder Maurice , Reisman Mark , Lansky Alexandra J. , Trauthen Brett , Whiting James , Li Alexander 
Published: October 2002

AbstractCatheter‐based intracoronary radiation therapy demonstrated reduction of the recurrence rate of in‐stent restenosis by 35%–50% when compared to conventional therapy. The objectives of this study were to determine the safety and feasibility of a new balloon‐shaped source design and a higher applied dose to reduce the restenosis rates. Thirty‐two patients with in‐stent restenosis who met study eligibility criteria were successfully treated with standard PCI techniques. Following a successful intervention, a P‐32 β‐balloon source was positioned to cover the angioplasty site and a dose of a 20 Gy at 1 mm from the surface of the source was administered. The primary endpoint was a composite of major adverse cardiac events (any death, MI, emergent CABG, or repeat target vessel revascularization) during 6 months of follow‐up. At 6 months, only one patient underwent repeat PTCA to the target vessel (3%). There were no instances of death, emergency surgery, late thrombosis, total occlusions, or MI. Binary restenosis measured by QCA at the stented segment was 0% and for the whole analysis vessel was 7.5%. Beta‐radiation delivered with a balloon P‐32 source design for patients with in‐stent restenosis results in lower than expected rate of angiographic and clinical restenosis and the absence of late complications. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;57:286–294. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Origin of the dopaminergic innervation of the central extended amygdala and accumbens shell: A combined retrograde tracing and immunohistochemical study in the rat
Authors: Hasue Renata H. , Shammah‐Lagnado Sara J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe origin of the dopaminergic innervation of the central extended amygdala (EAc; i.e., the lateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis [BSTl]‐central amygdaloid nucleus [Ce] continuum) and accumbens shell (AcSh) was studied in the rat by combining retrograde transport of Fluoro‐Gold (FG) with tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunofluorescence. Perikaryal profiles (PP) immunoreactive to FG and to both FG and TH were counted in A8–A14 dopaminergic districts. Our results suggest that dopaminergic inputs to the EAc and AcSh arise from the ventral tegmental area‐A10, substantia nigra, pars compacta‐A9, and retrorubral nucleus‐A8 groups as well as from the dorsal raphe nucleus and periaqueductal gray substance, housing the dorsocaudal part of A10 group (A10dc). Quantitative estimates reveal that the A10dc group contains approximately half of the total number of FG/TH double‐labeled PP projecting to Ce and BSTl. By using an anti‐dopamine serum, DR/PAG projections to Ce were confirmed to be in part dopaminergic. In contrast, modest numbers of FG/TH double‐labeled PP were seen in the A10dc group after injections in the sublenticular extended amygdala, interstitial nucleus of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure or AcSh. Ventral mesencephalic projections to the EAc display a crude mediolateral topographic organization, whereas those to the AcSh are topographically organized along a mediolateral and an inverted dorsoventral dimension. The diencephalic dopaminergic groups do not innervate the EAc or AcSh, except for the periventricular gray‐A11 which sends light dopaminergic projections to Ce and BSTl. Overall, the present results provide additional details on the organization of the mesolimbic dopaminergic system that critically controls behavioral responsiveness to salient environmental stimuli. J. Comp. Neurol. 454:15–33, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Patterns of dye coupling in lumbar motor nuclei of the rat
Authors: Coleman Allison Marie , Sengelaub Dale Robert 
Published: October 2002

AbstractGap junctions exist on motoneurons of the spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus (SNB) and the dorsolateral nucleus (DLN), both sexually dimorphic motor nuclei in the lumbar spinal cord of the rat. In addition, messenger RNA for gap junction proteins is expressed in motoneurons of the retrodorsolateral nucleus (RDLN), a nondimorphic spinal motor nucleus that innervates a muscle of the foot. Gap junctions on SNB and DLN motoneurons are androgen sensitive; the number and size of gap junctions decrease following castration, a change that can be reversed with exogenous testosterone replacement. In contrast, RDLN gap junction mRNA levels remain constant throughout hormone manipulation. In this study, dye coupling was used to examine patterns of gap junction‐mediated connectivity in these three lumbar spinal motor nuclei. Injection of dye into single motoneurons resulted in spatially extensive labeling of neighboring cells in all three nuclei; significantly more coupling was observed in the sexually dimorphic nuclei than in the RDLN. Dye‐coupled clusters of cells included motoneurons and interneurons; coupling was bilateral in the SNB. Treatment with oleamide, a gap junction blocker, completely attenuated labeling. In all nuclei, androgen manipulation did not alter the number, identity, or distribution of coupled cells. Thus, sexually dimorphic nuclei in the spinal cord exhibit greater dye coupling than do nondimorphic populations, and the patterns of connectivity are insensitive to androgen despite modification of their number and size. J. Comp. Neurol. 454:34–41, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
First bite syndrome: A complication of surgery involving the parapharyngeal space
Authors: Chiu Alexander G. , Cohen James I. , Burningham Alan R. , Andersen Peter E. , Davidson Bruce J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIntroduction.First bite syndrome (FBS) is the development of pain in the parotid region after the first bite of each meal and can be seen after surgery of the parapharyngeal space. The cause is not clear but has been proposed to involve a loss of sympathetic nerve function to the parotid, causing a denervation supersensitivity of salivary gland myoepithelial cells. The purpose of this study was to review the records of 12 patients with FBS to determine any common features of the operations performed that would support this theory of parotid “sympathectomy” as an etiologic factor of FBS.Methods.Retrospective review of 12 patients with FBS managed at two tertiary care centers.Results.Twelve patients were diagnosed with FBS after surgery involving the parapharyngeal space. All patients had most of their parotid gland preserved. Six patients exhibited a postoperative Horner's syndrome, suggesting sympathetic chain interruption. The six patients without Horner's syndrome were found to have undergone external carotid artery ligation inferior to the parotid gland, suggesting an interruption of sympathetic innervation to the parotid gland itself.Conclusions.Preservation of parotid gland tissue and a loss of its sympathetic nerve supply, whether by disruption of the cervical sympathetic chain as evidenced by a Horner's syndrome or more selective denervation by ligation of the external carotid artery with its accompanying sympathetic nerve plexus, were common features of all patients. This series supports the concept of parotid “sympathectomy” as an etiologic factor in FBS. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Planned neck dissection after definitive radiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Mendenhall William M. , Villaret Douglas B. , Amdur Robert J. , Hinerman Russell W. , Mancuso Anthony A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackground.To define the role of planned neck dissection after definitive radiotherapy for patients with node‐positive squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.Methods.Review of the pertinent literature.Results.Radiotherapy alone produces a relatively high likelihood of regional control for patients with early‐stage neck disease. Patients with more advanced neck disease have a higher probability of regional control if a planned neck dissection follows radiotherapy. However, for patients who have a complete response to radiotherapy, the likelihood of an isolated recurrence in the neck is low. Radiographic evaluation of the response to radiotherapy may better define the subset of patients who are likely to benefit from a neck dissection.Conclusions.Neck dissection after definitive radiotherapy improves regional control for patients with advanced neck disease. Patients who have a complete clinical and radiographic regional response to radiotherapy have a low probability of an isolated recurrence in the neck. It is advisable to proceed with a neck dissection for patients who have an equivocal response to radiotherapy, because the likelihood of salvage of an isolated recurrence in the neck is remote. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 24: 1012–1018, 2002
Drip irrigation of corn in the Southeast Anatolia Project (GAP) Area in Turkey
Authors: Yazar Attila , Sezen Semih Metin , Gencel Burçin 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis study was designed to evaluate the yield response of trickle‐irrigated corn grown on a clay‐textured soil under the arid Southeast Anatolia Project (GAP) area conditions during the 2000 growing season at Koruklu in Turkey. The effects of three different irrigation levels (100, 67 and 33% of cumulative Class‐A pan evaporation on a three‐ and six‐day basis), and two irrigation intervals (three‐ and six‐day) on yield were investigated. Trickle laterals were laid out on the soil surface at a spacing of 1.40 m. A total of 581 mm of water was applied to the full‐irrigation treatments (100%) for both irrigation intervals. Seasonal water use ranged from 358 to 562 mm across treatments. Highest average corn yield (11 920 kg ha−1) was obtained from the full‐irrigation treatment (100%) with six‐day interval. Corn grain yields varied from 7940 to 11 330 kg ha−1 and 7253 to 11 920 kg ha−1 for three‐ and six‐day irrigation intervals, respectively. Irrigation levels significantly increased yield. Maximum irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) and water use efficiency (WUE) were 2.53 and 2.27 kg m−3 in treatment of I‐33 with six‐day interval. Both IWUE and WUE values varied with irrigation quantity and frequency. The research results revealed that the trickle irrigation system could be used successfully for irrigating corn crops under the arid climatic conditions of the Southeast Anatolia Project (GAP) area in Turkey. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A simple nitrate submodel for trickle fertigated potatoes
Authors: Narda N. K. , Chawla J. K. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA simple nitrate dynamics submodel capable of predicting the spatial distribution of NO3‐N within the soil profile following N fertigation with urea through trickle irrigation has been formulated and validated. The model utilizes a best‐fit nitrification function which, on a particular day, converts a given quantity of urea into nitrate and also incorporates the cumulative effect of previous fertigations. The daily updated values of NO3‐N of soil layers have been obtained by deducting the N‐uptake by plants calculated on the basis of root length present. The predicted values of NO3‐N have matched reasonably well with the observed data. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Irrigation and drainage systems research and development in the 21st century
Authors: Schultz Bart , De Wrachien Daniele 
Published: October 2002

AbstractOne critical problem confronting mankind today is how to manage the intensifying competition for water between expanding urban centres, traditional agricultural activities and in‐stream water uses dictated by environmental concerns. In the agricultural sector, the dwindling number of economically attractive sites for large‐scale irrigation and drainage projects limits the prospects of increasing the gross cultivated area. Therefore, the required increase in agricultural production will necessarily rely largely on a more accurate estimation of crop water requirements on the one hand, and on major improvements in the construction, operation, management and performance of existing irrigation and drainage systems, on the other. The failings of present systems and the inability to sustainably exploit surface and groundwater resources can be attributed essentially to poor planning, design, system management and development. This is partly due to the inability of engineers, planners and managers to adequately quantify the effects of irrigation and drainage projects on water resources and to use these effects as guidelines for improving technology, design and management.To take full advantage of investments in agriculture, a major effort is required to modernize irrigation and drainage systems and to further develop appropriate management strategies compatible with the financial and socio‐economic trends, and the environment. This calls for a holistic approach to irrigation and drainage management and monitoring so as to increase food production, conserve water, prevent soil salinization and waterlogging, and to protect the environment. All this requires, among others, enhanced research and a variety of tools such as water control and regulation equipment, remote sensing, geographic information systems, decision support systems and models, as well as field survey and evaluation techniques. To tackle this challenge, we need to focus on the following issues:

affordability with respect to the application of new technologies;
procedures for integrated planning and management of irrigation and drainage systems;
analysis to identify causes and effects constraining irrigation and drainage system performance;
evapotranspiration and related calculation methods;
estimation of crop water requirements;
technologies for the design, construction and modernization of irrigation and drainage systems;
strategies to improve irrigation and drainage system efficiency;
environmental impacts of irrigation and drainage and measures for creating and maintaining sustainability;
institutional strengthening, proper financial assessment, capacity building, training and education.
Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression of the gene of interest fused to the EGFP–expressing gene in transgenic mice drived from selected transgenic embryos
Authors: Kubo Jun , Yamanouchi Keitaro , Naito Kunihiko , Tojo Hideaki 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe present paper describes the expression of a target fusion gene, WAP/hGH fused to the EGFP–expressing gene in transgenic mice derived from the transfer of transgenic embryos selected because of their expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). The 6.7–kb fusion gene was microinjected as a single cassette gene construct into the pronuclei of mouse zygotes. The surviving embryos were cultured and were classified according to the EGFP expression patterns at the morula or blastocyst stage. After the transfer of embryos with uniform–expression or mosaic–expression of EGFP, transgenesis occurred in 85.7% to 86% or 44.1% to 44% of the pups, respectively. No transgenic pups were derived from EGFP negative embryos. In the transgenic females, EGFP was ubiquitously expressed under the control of the CAG promoter, and hGH was expressed under the control of the WAP promoter in an appropriate fashion: hGH was secreted into the milk of lactating transgenic females. The presence or absence of the expression of EGFP coincided with that of the hGH gene in the transgenic mice. The present cassette gene construct is a useful example for circumventing the routine analyses of DNA and RNA required for the generation and maintenance of transgenic lines. J. Exp. Zool. 293:712–718, 2002. © 2002, Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Studies on lipid metabolism in trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) branchial cultures
Authors: Hansen Heinz J.M. , Kelly Scott P. , Grosell Martin , Wood Chris M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractCultured branchial cell epithelia from freshwater rainbow trout were incubated with (32P)phosphate and (14C)acetate as lipid precursors under both symmetrical (L15 media apical/L15 media basolateral) and asymmetrical (freshwater apical/L15 media basolateral) culture conditions. Epithelia composed of pavement cells alone, or containing both pavement cells and chloride cells, were examined. Lipids (labeled with 32P and 14C) were isolated and assayed by thinlayer chromatography, and fatty acids (labeled with 14C) were isolated and assayed by paper chromatography. The main goal was to see whether the loss of a major incorporation into (32P)phosphatidylethanolamine [(32P)PE], previously seen in eel gills in vivo when the fish were transferred from an osmotic steady state to more dilute media, was the result of a hormonal regulation, i.e., did it only apply to gill tissue in vivo or could it also be seen in the absence of hormonal modulation after incorporation of (32P)phosphate in vitro? We likewise wished to see whether a major incorporation into (32P)PE was dependent upon the presence of chloride cells. Results show that it is possible to obtain a (32P)PE dominated incorporation pattern, even in the pavement cells alone, provided that (32P)phosphate is added specifically to freshwater on the apical side of epithelia bathed asymmetrically (freshwater/L15). This is identical to the pattern seen in vivo in trout adapted to freshwater. However, this pattern is not seen under symmetrical conditions (L15/L15) or when (32P)phosphate is added to the basolateral media. The shift from symmetrical (L15/L15) to asymmetrical (freshwater/L15) culture conditions thus leads to the establishment of a major incorporation into (32P)PE and not to the equivalent loss as seen in vivo in more dilute apical media. We conclude that hormonal control is not needed to change the pattern of short‐term lipid formation but, nevertheless, the responses are not altogether the same in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, cultured trout gill epithelia, in contrast to gills in vivo, do not exhibit a marked incorporation of (14C)acetate into palmitoleic acid. J. Exp. Zool. 293:683–692, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Changes in sex steroid levels in yolks of the leghorn chicken, Gallus domesticus, during embryonic development
Authors: Elf Pamela K. , Fivizzani Albert J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractYolk steroid hormones have been documented to have growth and behavior effects on hatchlings in several avian species. The purpose of these investigations was to determine initial levels of androstenedione (A), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), estradiol (E2), and testosterone (T), and document any changes in those hormones during the course of embryonic development in the Leghorn chicken, Gallus domesticus. Eggs were collected, labeled for hen of origin and egg sequence, incubated at 37.8°C, and sacrificed at predetermined times during development. The embryos were staged, the yolk material collected, homogenized and hormones extracted. A, DHT, E2, and T were separated via column chromatography and hormone levels determined using radioimmunoassays (RIAs). Results indicate a significant decrease in A and T during embryonic development, similar to that reported by our laboratory for the alligator, with A levels being significantly greater initially than levels of all other hormones. Changes in DHT mirrored changes in T levels. Chicken E2 yolk content dynamics differ from those we have measured in both the turtle and the alligator. After an initial decline, E2 in the yolks of chicken eggs undergoes a significant increase at the end of development, between embryonic stages 40 and 45 (days 14 and 20 of development). As the increase is much larger than could be accounted for by hormones present in the yolk material, this may represent early embryonic production of steroid hormones by the developing gonads. J. Exp. Zool. 293:594–600, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Factors affecting the efficiency of somatic cell nuclear transplantation in the fish embryo
Authors: Liu Tong Ming , Yu Xiao Mu , Ye Yu Zhen , ZHOU Jian Feng , Wang Zhong Wei , Tong Jing Gou , Wu Ching Jiang 
Published: October 2002

AbstractProcedures to improve somatic cell nuclear transplantation in fish were evaluated. We reported effects of nonirradiated recipient eggs, inactivated recipient eggs, different combinations between recipient eggs and donor cells, duration of serum starvation, generation number, and passage number of donor cells on developmental rates of nuclear transplant (NT) embryos. Exposure to 25,000 R of γ‐rays inactivated recipient eggs. Single nucleus of cultured, synchronized somatic cell from gynogenetic bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) was transplanted into nonirradiated or genetically inactivated unfertilized egg of gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio). There was no significant difference in developmental rate between nonirradiated and inactivated recipient eggs (27.27% vs. 25.71%, respectively). Chromosome count showed that 70.59% of NT embryos contained 48 chromosomes. It showed that most NT embryos came from donor nuclei of bighead carp, which was supported by microsatellite analysis of NT embryos. But 23.53% of NT embryos contained more than 48 chromosomes. It was presumed that those superfluous chromosomes came from nonirradiated recipient eggs. Besides, 5.88% of NT embryos were chimeras. Eggs of blunt‐snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) and gibel carp were better recipient eggs than those of loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) (25% and 18.03% vs. 8.43%). Among different duration of serum starvation, developmental rate of NT embryos from somatic nuclei of three‐day serum starvation was the highest, reaching 25.71% compared to 14.14% (control), 20% (five‐day), and 21.95% (seven‐day). Cultured donor cells of less passage facilitated reprogramming of NT embryos than those of more passage. Recloning might improve the developmental rate of NT embryos from the differentiated donor nuclei. Developmental rate of fourth generation was the highest (54.83%) and the lowest for first generation (14.14%) compared to second generation (38.96%) and third generation (53.01%). J. Exp. Zool. 293:719–725, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.