bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of dual loop controller for boost converter based on PI controller
Authors: Ullah Kifayat , Ishaq Muhammad , Naz Muhammad Ajmal , Rahaman Mostafizur , Soomar Arsalan Muhammad , Ahmad Hijaz , Alam Md. Nur 
Published: February 2024

Boost converters are widely used in industry for many applications, such as electrical vehicles, wind energy systems, and photovoltaic energy systems, to step up the low voltages. Using the topology structure of the DC–DC boost circuit, this paper studied and designed a dual loop control method based on proportional integral controllers for improving the converter efficiency. The inner loop and outer loop controls of the traditional boost circuit are adopted in MATLAB/Simulink software to make the output of the system more stable. The input voltage is set to 24 V DC, and the desired output voltage varies from 36 to 48 V. Through simulation verification, the influence of a 1 kW sudden load connection by using a switch at a nominal output voltage of 48 V DC is studied, and the results show that it reduces the transient output voltage dips during the sudden load connection. Simulation analysis verifies the design scheme of the system, reduces the fluctuation in output voltage and power, reduces the output current ripple, minimizes the dip in voltage to a minimum possible value, and improves the dynamic characteristics and overall efficiency of the converter.
A fabrication process of soft magnetic Ni films electroplated from gel electrolyte
Authors: Yanai Takeshi , Matsumoto Yusuke , Shiraki Kota , Hosohata Runa , Yamaguchi Yuka , Yamashita Akihiro , Nakano Masaki , Fukunaga Hirotoshi 
Published: February 2024

We have already reported some electroplated magnetic films using aqueous solutions. In the present study, we proposed a fabrication process for electroplated soft magnetic films (Ni films) using gel electrolytes. We added gelatin to the plating baths and confirmed that adding 22 g/L of gelatin enabled us to obtain gel electrolytes. Using the gel electrolytes, we electroplated Ni films and evaluated their structural and magnetic properties. From the evaluation of magnetic properties, we confirmed spontaneous magnetization of the Ni films prepared from the gel electrolyte. For obtaining thick Ni films (&gt;1 μm), we investigated stirring the gel electrolyte during plating. As a result, we found that stirring increased the thickness, and our result suggests that stirring the gel electrolyte is useful to increase the deposition rate. In our experimental conditions, the deposition rate of the plating process was ∼0.25 μm/min. From XRD analysis, the structure of Ni films for gel electrolytes was oriented in the fcc (220) plane and slightly different from that for liquid electrolytes. From these results, we found that soft magnetic films could be obtained from the gel electrolyte and that gel plating is one of the attractive fabrication processes of the thick films.
Spin dynamics of room temperature van der Waals (vdW) ferromagnets and their usage in microwave devices
Authors: Kumar Pardeep , Patnaik Satyabrata , Kuanr Bijoy K. 
Published: February 2024

Quasi-two-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) materials exhibiting room-temperature (RT) long-range ferromagnetic nature have emerged as a significant research field to explore fundamental condensed matter physics due to their intriguing physical properties. These vdW materials enable a futuristic platform for implementing novel spintronics devices. Here, we examined the spin dynamics of polycrystalline Fe5GeTe2 and Fe4.8Co0.2GeTe2 vdW materials using ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectroscopy. Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) study reveals that both materials have a soft ferromagnetic character at room temperature. From room temperature FMR measurements, the effective magnetization of Fe5GeTe2 and Fe4.8Co0.2GeTe2 derived ∼0.54 ± 0.056 and 0.50 ± 0.017 kOe, respectively. These results are consistent with reported VSM data. Fe5GeTe2 and Fe4.8Co0.2GeTe2 exhibit broad FMR linewidths of 0.697 ± 0.036 and 0.748 ± 0.056 kOe, respectively, which can be due to inhomogeneous line broadening. Besides its intrinsic contribution to linewidth, it is also affected by extrinsic Gilbert damping (αext). The value of αext is influenced by conflicting intra-band and inter-band electronic transitions, according to Modified Kambersky's theory. Furthermore, the effective Gilbert damping constant (α) obtained is 0.0513 ± 0.0046 for Fe5GeTe2 and 0.0526 ± 0.0031 for Fe4.8Co0.2GeTe2 at RT. Additionally, we developed microwave signal processing devices using these materials and evaluated their functionality both as a microwave band-reject filter and an adjustable phase shifter. The stop-band response was studied across the 5 to 25 GHz frequency range under an applied magnetic field as high as 7 kOe. For these flip-chip-based devices, attenuation is −5 dB/cm for the Fe5GeTe2-based filter and −3.2 dB/cm on sample Fe4.8Co0.2GeTe2 at 6.95 and 5.37 kOe, respectively. The same micro-strip filter was used as a tunable phase shifter in the off-resonance region. The optimal differential phase shift studied for Fe5GeTe2 and Fe4.8Co0.2GeTe2-based phase shifters in the high-frequency region (22 GHz for Fe5GeTe2 and 18 GHz for Fe4.8Co0.2GeTe2) is 23°/cm and 14°/cm, respectively, at high magnetic fields. These versatile devices find integration across a wide spectrum of applications, such as phased-array antennas, radar systems, and wireless communication systems, offering their benefits to diverse fields.
Fully micromagnetic analysis of voltage-controlled magnetization switching in magnetic-topological-insulator-based devices
Authors: Komine Takashi , Chiba Takahiro 
Published: February 2024

We numerically investigate magnetization switching behavior in voltage-controlled magnetic-topological-insulator-based (VC-MTI) devices by means of the fully micromagnetic simulation. First, the influence of domain in VC-MTI devices was investigated. When the device size is larger than 1 µm, multidomain structure might appear. However, these domains disappear when the gate voltage and source-drain electric field are applied, which is the refresh operation of the actual VC-MTI device. The switching behaviors of a 100-nm-size VC-MTI device in the fully micromagnetic simulation are in agreement with those of the macrospin model although the gate pulse width is slightly different from that of the macrospin model. When the device is less than 1 µm, the macrospin model is adequate for the investigation of switching behavior in VC-MTI devices and the magnetization switching occurs in rotation mode. Therefore, for the VC-MTI device with less-than-100 nm size, the macrospin model is a good approach for the analysis of device operation and write-error rate.
Genetic parameters for milk production and body-conformation traits in Dairy Gir cattle
Authors: Dominguez-Castaño P. , Fortes M. , Toro-Ospina A. M. , Silva J. A. II. V. 
Published: February 2024

Context Gir is a tropically adapted breed of Bos taurus indicus cattle that has been intensively selected for milk production in Brazil. Selection programs also consider body-conformation traits because these have been associated with health, welfare, and cow longevity, thus affecting productivity. Aims This study focused on Gir cattle to estimate genetic and phenotypic parameters for body-conformation traits, as well as their correlations with milk production traits. Methods Body-conformation traits were classified as ‘frame’, ‘foot and leg’, or ‘mammary system’ traits. The dataset contained 1105 cows recorded with body-conformation traits and 38 996 records of 305-day cumulative milk yield, from 24 489 Gir cows. The pedigree file included 38 571 animals, of which 1593 were genotyped using six different single-nucleotide polymorphism panels. After genotyping imputation, and quality control, 42 105 polymorphisms were available for analyses. Univariate and bivariate animal models, using Bayesian approach via the Gibbs sampling algorithm, were used to estimate genetic parameters, benefiting from both genotypes and pedigree data. Key results The heritabilities for body-conformation traits ranged from a low of 0.08 ± 0.04 to a medium value of 0.35 ± 0.07, and the heritability for milk production was 0.23 ± 0.01. We identified unfavourable genetic correlations between milk yield and udder depth (0.63 ± 0.11) as well as body height (0.31 ± 0.13). In contrast, there was a favourable genetic correlation between milk yield and rear udder width (0.61 ± 0.14). Conclusion The heritability estimates confirmed the possibility of selecting animals for milk yield and body conformation traits related to the frame and mammary system categories. Based on the estimated genetic correlations, considerable importance should be given to the emphasis on selection for increased milk yield, because in the long term, this may promote undesirable changes in some type traits as body height and udder depth. Implications This information is relevant to selective breeding of Gir to enhance tropical milk production.
The Spanish subjunctive mood and its English correspondences
Authors: Ramón Noelia , Rabadán Rosa 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Corpus-based contrastive studies have successfully addressed the empirical study of crosslinguistic similarities and differences and may also contribute to understanding complexity across languages. This paper aims at (dis)proving whether the Spanish subjunctive mood shows greater complexity than its English correspondences as translations or sources of the Spanish subjunctive forms. It also explores a trade-off between language levels, i.e., whether higher morphological complexity is linked to syntactic and lexical complexity. The data come from a bidirectional English-Spanish corpus, and the word-alignment-based metric system has been used to quantify morphological complexity. Syntactic and lexical complexity were also investigated and computed using tests of statistical significance. Results corroborate that Spanish presents higher complexity in this verbal area in all three levels, morphological, syntactic, and lexical: the hypothesized trade-off between higher morphological complexity on the one hand, and lower syntactic and lexical complexity on the other is not validated by our data.
Simple and complex help constructions in English and Norwegian
Authors: Egan Thomas 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper reports on a study of verbal help constructions in English and Norwegian. It is based on data from the English–Norwegian Parallel Corpus, and discusses 11 constructions in all, nine of which have a close parallel in the other language. The constructions vary in syntactic complexity from the simple intransitive, on the one-hand, to complex-transitives containing infinitive complements, on the other. The hypothesis is advanced that the simpler the basic syntactic structure of a construction, the more likely it is to be translated by a construction with a similar syntax. This hypothesis receives no support from the data. On the contrary, it is more complex constructions, containing an explicit helpee, that are more likely to be translated by a syntactically similar construction.
Concessive subordination in English and Norwegian
Authors: Hasselgård Hilde 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper investigates concessive markers, primarily subordinators, in the English-Norwegian Parallel Corpus. The initial question is how English and Norwegian concessive markers compare with regard to their frequencies and syntactic functions, both intra- and cross-linguistically. Overall, the languages are relatively similar. However, individual concessive markers differ in frequency, syntactic flexibility and possibly formality in original texts in both languages. The second research question concerns the placement of concessive clauses. Again the languages are rather similar, but there is variation within both languages, with subordinators having individual positional preferences. Finally, the translations of the subordinators are examined. Concessive markers are overrepresented in Norwegian translations and underrepresented in English translations compared to originals. While translation correspondences are often congruent, the mutual correspondence between pairs of subordinators is low. Changes made in translation suggest that Norwegian chooses coordination more often than English, thus displaying less syntactic complexity.
Cross-linguistic Dependency Length Minimization in scientific language
Authors: Krielke Marie-Pauline 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe use Universal Dependencies (UD) for the study of cross-linguistic diachronic syntactic complexity reduction. Specifically, we look at whether and how scientific English and German minimize the length of syntactic dependency relations in the Late Modern period (ca. 1650–1900). Our linguistic analysis follows the assumption that over time, scientific discourse cross-linguistically develops towards an increasingly efficient syntactic code by minimizing Dependency Length (DL) as a factor of syntactic complexity. For each language, we analyse a large UD-annotated scientific and general language corpus for comparison. While on a macro level, our analysis suggests that there is an overall diachronic cross-linguistic and cross-register reduction in Average Dependency Length (ADL), on the micro level we find that only scientific language shows a sentence length independent reduction of ADL, while general language shows an overall decrease of ADL due to sentence length reduction. We further analyse the syntactic constructions responsible for this reduction in both languages, showing that both scientific English and German increasingly make use of short, intra-phrasal dependency relations while long dependency relations such as clausal embeddings become rather disfavoured over time.
A posterior contraction for Bayesian inverse problems in Banach spaces
Authors: Chen De-Han , Li Jingzhi , Zhang Ye 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper features a study of statistical inference for linear inverse problems with Gaussian noise and priors in structured Banach spaces. Employing the tools of sectorial operators and Gaussian measures on Banach spaces, we overcome the theoretical difficulty of lacking the bias-variance decomposition in Banach spaces, characterize the posterior distribution of solution though its Radon–Nikodym derivative, and derive the optimal convergence rates of the corresponding square posterior contraction and the mean integrated square error. Our theoretical findings are applied to two scenarios, specifically a Volterra integral equation and an inverse source problem governed by an elliptic partial differential equation. Our investigation demonstrates the superiority of our approach over classical results. Notably, our method achieves same order of convergence rates for solutions with reduced smoothness even in a Hilbert setting.
Magnetic characterization of steel strips using transient field measurements: global sensitivity analysis and regression from a machine-learning perspective
Authors: Skarlatos Anastassios , Miorelli Roberto , Reboud Christophe , Van Den Berg Frenk 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this contribution, the magnetic characterization of steel strips is studied using synthetic data of field-gradient transients, which have been produced via the finite integration technique. The material law is described and parameterized using the Jiles–Atherton model. The sensitivity of relevant magnetic indicators with respect to the material parameters is then analyzed using two global methods: Sobol’ indices and δ-sensitivity indices. In order to accelerate the evaluation of these quantities, a fast metamodel is built using machine learning techniques from a simulated dataset. The solution of the inverse problem based on a tailored learning framework is tested for the different proposed identifiers, and their suitability for the magnetic characterization of the material in question is finally discussed.
A lifetime prediction model based on two-path convolution with attention mechanism and bidirectional long short-term memory network
Authors: Sun Xianbin , Dong Meiqi , Bai Lin , Sun Yanling , Chen Ao , Nie Yanyan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
With the continuous advancement of technology, modern industrial equipment is becoming increasingly complex, integrated, and automated. The complexity of industrial processes often involves multiple variables, strong coupling, nonlinearity, variable operating conditions, and significant noise, making the establishment of accurate remaining useful life (RUL) prediction models a challenging research direction. This paper proposes a lifetime prediction model based on two-path convolution with attention mechanisms and a bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) network. The model’s front end employs two-path convolution scales and attention modules to extract key fault information from bearings, enhancing the model’s noise resistance. It utilizes adaptive batch normalization and Meta-Aconc activation functions to adaptively adjust the neurons of the model, thereby enhancing its generalization capabilities. The model’s back end uses a BiLSTM network to remember and process the degradation information of bearings, achieving the prediction of bearing RUL. Furthermore, the model’s accuracy is evaluated using root mean square error and a scoring function assessment system. Comparative experiments demonstrate the model’s higher predictive accuracy. Finally, robustness and generalization experiments have proven the model to adapt well in scenarios with noise interference and working condition transitions. This model provides a reference for the prediction of the life of rotating machinery in practical scenarios with strong noise and variable operating conditions.
Reduced trap-density and boosted performance of CH3NH3PbI3 solar cells by 1-Pentanethiol enhanced anti-solvent washing route
Authors: Gokdemir Choi F Pinar , Kuruoğlu Furkan , Moeini Alishah Hamed , Bozar Sinem , Kahveci Cihangir , Canturk Rodop Macide , Erol Ayse , Gunes Serap 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Performance and the stability of the perovskite-based photovoltaic devices are directly linked to existing trap-states or defect profiles at the surface and/or in the bulk of perovskite layers. Hence identification of stemming the defects during perovskite formation is crucial for achieving superior and long-lasting performances. Here, we present the effect of 1-Pentanethiol incorporation into the one-step deposition of perovskite layers. A feasible glove box-free route results in high-quality CH3NH3PbI3 layers under highly humid conditions (RH > 50%) but at low temperatures (T < 18 °C). 1-Pentanethiol addition into the washing solvent leads to the refinement of I/Pb stoichiometry, elimination of the iodide deficiencies, and reduction of the trap-state densities. Consequently, a precise amount 1-Pentanethiol addition enhances photovoltaic performances, resulting in a 54% PCE improvement for CH3NH3PbI3-based inverted solar cells.
Direct binding and characterization of laccase onto iron oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Sidhu Amanpreet K , Patil Sucheta N , Gaikwad Vishwas B 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) exhibit unique magnetic properties and possess a high surface-to-volume ratio, making them ideal candidates for the conjugation of substances, including enzymes. Laccase (EC 1.10.3.2), an oxidative enzyme with diverse applications, presents an opportunity for enhancing stability and reusability through innovative immobilization techniques, thus reducing overall process costs. In this study, we employed a direct binding procedure via carbodiimide activation to conjugate laccase onto IONPs synthesized using thermal chemical coprecipitation. Stabilization of the nanoparticles was achieved using thioglycerol and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as capping agents. Characterization of the synthesized nanoparticles was conducted using UV-spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. FTIR spectroscopy analysis confirmed successful laccase binding to magnetic nanoparticles, with binding efficiencies of 90.65% and 73.02% observed for thioglycerol and PVA capped IONPs, respectively. Furthermore, the conjugated enzyme exhibited remarkable stability, retaining nearly 50% of its initial activity after 20 reuse cycles. This research demonstrates that immobilizing laccase onto IONPs enhances its activity, stability, and reusability, with the potential for significant cost savings and expanded applications in various fields.
A multivariate reconfiguration method for rooftop PV array based on improved northern goshawk optimization algorithm
Authors: Yi Lingzhi , Cheng Siyue , Wang Yahui , Hu Yao , Ma Hao , Luo Bote 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Photovoltaic (PV) power has become a crucial solution to the escalating energy crisis. Among the various implementations, Rooftop PV power generation systems (RPVPGS) are predominant in PV buildings. However, RPVPGS will face challenges such as reduced output power due to array fault or shading, leading to fluctuations in Building-Integrated PV (BIPV) power generation. This paper attempts to solve this problem by proposing a novel multivariate reconfiguration method based on the improved northern goshawk optimization algorithm (INGO). The aim is to find the optimal state of RPVPGS under various conditions. In this paper, extensive simulations were conducted on the experimental platform to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method. It is worth noting that INGO outperforms existing technologies such as Arrow SoDuku and Zig-zag for the evaluation metrics mentioned in the article. Furthermore, rigorous simulation experiments were conducted on the semi-physical platform to validate the proposed approach. The power enhancement percentage deviation was between +0.1% to +0.2%. These results unequivocally demonstrate that the INGO-based multivariate reconfiguration method accurately reconfigures RPVPGS, ensuring the efficiency and stability of BIPV systems.
Parallel flows as a key component to interpret Super-X divertor experiments
Authors: Carpita M. , Février O. , Reimerdes H. , Theiler C. , Duval B.P. , Colandrea C. , Durr-Legoupil-Nicoud G. , Galassi D. , Gorno S. , Huett E. , Loizu J. , Martinelli L. , Perek A. , Simons L. , Sun G. , Tonello E. , Wüthrich C. ,   the TCV Team
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The Super-X Divertor (SXD) is an alternative divertor configuration leveraging total flux expansion at the Outer Strike Point (OSP). While the extended 2-Point Model (2PM) predicts facilitated detachment access and control in the SXD configuration, these attractive features are not always retrieved experimentally. These discrepancies are at least partially explained by the effect of parallel flows which, when self-consistently included in the 2PM, reveal the role of total flux expansion on the pressure balance and weaken the total flux expansion effect on detachment access and control, compared to the original predictions. This new model can partially explain the discrepancies between the 2PM and experiments performed on tokamak à configuration variable (TCV), in ohmic L-mode scenarios, which are particularly apparent when scanning the OSP major radius Rt. In core density ramps in lower Single-Null (SN) configuration, the impact of Rt on the CIII emission front movement in the divertor outer leg—used as a proxy for the plasma temperature in the divertor—is substantially weaker than 2PM predictions. Furthermore, in OSP radial sweeps in lower and upper SN configurations, in ohmic L-mode scenarios with a constant core density, the peak parallel particle flux density at the OSP is almost independent of Rt, while the 2PM predicts a linear dependence. Finally, analytical and numerical modeling of parallel flows in the divertor is presented. It is shown that an increase in total flux expansion can favour supersonic flows at the OSP. Parallel flows are also shown to be relevant by analysing SOLPS-ITER simulations of TCV.