bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Factor VII Polymorphism on Responsiveness to Warfarin Anticoagulant Therapy
Authors: Shaaban Omyma Hassan , Serogy Hesham Ahmed El , Zahra Mohamed Kamal , Abourahma Amr Mahmoud 
Published: November 2023

Background: Oral anticoagulants (OAs) are drugs prescribed to reduce the risk of stroke and systemic embolism in non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients, and to treat and decrease the incidence of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. We aimed to clarify the impact of factor VII (FVII) polymorphism on the extent of anticoagulation exerted by warfarin therapy.
Methods: The study was performed on 30 patients on warfarin therapy with international normalized ratio (INR) 2-3, 21 of them for cardiac causes, 2 of them for orthopedic causes and the remaining 7 patients for vascular causes. They were subjected to warfarin therapy (Marevan), laboratory investigations (Prothrombin time (PT) and INR, FVII activity by coagulometric method, plasma warfarin level (by high performance liquid chromatography), and detecting FVII polymorphism (-401G/T & -402 G/A) by polymerase chain reaction).
Results: Regarding the coagulation indicators of the patients with various FVII- 402 genotypes, PT time was significantly lower in homozygous mutant than heterozygous (P=0.032). Also, it was non significantly lower than that of wild type. PT time was non significantly lower in wild type than heterozygous. PT activity was significantly higher in homozygous mutant than heterozygous (P=0.032). Also, it was non significantly higher than that of wild type. PT activity was non significantly higher in wild type than heterozygous. There was significant difference as regard warfarin sensitivity index (WSI) between wild type and homozygous mutant. Marevan dose was significantly lower in wild type than homozygous mutant and heterozygous. Regarding the coagulation indicators of the patients with various FVII -401 genotypes, WSI was lower in wild type than heterozygous and homozygous mutant, however, it was significantly different between wild type compared to homozygous and heterozygous genotypes (P<0.001). Marevan dose was significantly higher in wild type than homozygous mutant (P<0.001), and it was non significantly higher in heterozygous than homozygous mutant.
Conclusions: Marevan dose was significantly lower in wild type than homozygous and heterozygous mutant as regard FVII -402 G/A, while regarding FVII -401 G/T, marevan dose was significantly higher in wild type than homozygous mutant. Polymorphisms in FVII genes may play a significant role in modulating the warfarin’s anticoagulant effect.
Prevalence of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder among Medical Students at Taibah University, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Makki Nadir Mohamed , Alharbi Abdulrahman Mohammad , Aljohani Ammar Mousa , Aljohani Saleh Saud , Jan Hassan Kamel , Almukhlifi Ayman Shabab 
Published: November 2023

Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a prevalent mental disorder. It has an onset during the late teens, thus putting university students at higher risk as a target group. They live in an environment that is full of stressors and factors that may lead to the expression of obsessive compulsion symptoms. The objective of the present research is to explore the prevalence of OCD and its associated symptoms among medical students.
Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional analytic research at Taibah University in which medical students participated during a year period from December 2021 to 2022. Data collection was through an online self-administered questionnaire with 18 questions on the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised scale (OCI-R) filled out anonymously as well as voluntarily.
Results: According to the OCI-R used in the study, 69 out of 263 (26%) participants are found to have probable OCD. There was a statistically significant association between participants who reported a history of mental illness and the probability of OCD [p=0.002]. Also, age groups showed statistically significant differences [p=0.007] as well as between academic years [p=0.003], with an increase in the probability of OCD with younger age and early academic years
Conclusions: This current study has shown a high OCD prevalence among medical students at Taibah University, consistent with other similar studies. There were significant correlations with age, academic year, and history of mental illnesses, especially depression and anxiety.
Relationship between imaging parameters and distortion in magnetic resonance images for gamma knife treatment planning
Authors: Koori Norikazu , Kamekawa Hiroki , Mukawa Nanami , Fuse Hiraku , Miyakawa Shin , Yasue Kenji , Takahashi Masato , Yamada Masanori , Henmi Atsushi , Kusumoto Toshifumi , Kurata Kazuma 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), it is necessary to reduce image distortion as much as possible because it suppresses the increase in the planning target volume. This study investigated the relationship between imaging parameters and image distortion when using G‐frames. The images were obtained using a 1.5‐T MRI system with a 09‐101 Pro‐MRI phantom. Image distortion was measured by changing the RF pulse mode, gradient mode, asymmetric echo, and bandwidth (BW). The image distortion was increased in the high RF mode than in the Normal mode. The image distortion increased in the following order: Whisper ≦ Normal < Fast in the different gradient modes. The image distortion increased in the following order: Without ≦ Weak < Strong in the different asymmetric echo modes. The image distortion increased in the following order: 300 Hz/pixel > 670 Hz/pixel ≧ REF (150 Hz/pixel) in the different Bw. The relationship between parameters and image distortion was clarified in this study when G‐frames were used for gamma knife therapy. There is had relationship between the parameters causing variation in the gradient magnetic field and image distortion. Therefore, these parameters should be adjusted to minimize distortion.
Glutathione and bicarbonate nanoparticles improve mucociliary transport in cystic fibrosis epithelia
Authors: Cho Do Yeon , Rivers Nicholas J. , Lim Dong‐Jin , Zhang Shaoyan , Skinner Daniel , Yang Lydia , Menon Adithya J. , Kelly Olivia Jo , Jones Martin P. , Bicknell Brenton T. , Grayson Jessica W. , Harris Elex , Rowe Steven M. , Woodworth Bradford A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionCystic fibrosis (CF) airway disease is characterized by thick mucus and impaired mucociliary transport (MCT). Loss of functional cystic fibrosis transmembrane receptor (CFTR) leads to acidification and oxidation of airway surface mucus. Replacing bicarbonate (HCO3−) topically fails due to rapid reabsorption and neutralization, while the scavenging antioxidant, glutathione sulfhydryl (GSH), is also rapidly degraded. The objective of this study is to investigate GSH/NaHCO3 nanoparticles as novel strategy for CF airway disease.MethodsGSH/NaHCO3 poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) nanoparticles were tested on primary CF (F508del/F508del) epithelial cultures to evaluate dose‐release curves, surface pH, toxicity, and MCT indices using micro‐optical coherence tomography. In vivo tests were performed in three rabbits to assess safety and toxicity. After 1 week of daily injections, histopathology, computed tomography (CT), and blood chemistries were performed and compared to three controls. Fluorescent nanoparticles were injected into a rabbit with maxillary sinusitis and explants visualized with confocal microscopy.ResultsSustained release of GSH and HCO3− with no cellular toxicity was observed over 2 weeks. Apical surface pH gradually increased from 6.54 ± 0.13 (baseline) to 7.07 ± 0.10 (24 h) (p < 0.001) and 6.87 ± 0.05 at 14 days (p < 0.001). MCT, ciliary beat frequency, and periciliary liquid were significantly increased. When injected into the maxillary sinuses of rabbits, there were no changes to histology, CT, or blood chemistries. Nanoparticles penetrated rabbit sinusitis mucus on confocal microscopy.ConclusionFindings suggest that GSH/NaHCO3− nanoparticles are a promising treatment option for viscous mucus in CF and other respiratory diseases of mucus obstruction such as chronic rhinosinusitis.
A novel ultrasensitive assay for plasma p‐tau217: Performance in individuals with subjective cognitive decline and early Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Gonzalez‐Ortiz Fernando , Ferreira Pamela C. L. , González‐Escalante Armand , Montoliu‐Gaya Laia , Ortiz‐Romero Paula , Kac Przemyslaw R. , Turton Michael , Kvartsberg Hlin , Ashton Nicholas J. , Zetterberg Henrik , Harrison Peter , Bellaver Bruna , Povala Guilherme , Villemagne Victor L. , Pascoal Tharick A. , Ganguli Mary , Cohen Anne D. , Minguillon Carolina , Contador Jose , Suárez‐Calvet Marc , Karikari Thomas K. , Blennow Kaj 
Published: November 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONDetection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology among individuals with mild cognitive changes and those experiencing subjective cognitive decline (SCD) remains challenging. Plasma phosphorylated tau 217 (p‐tau217) is one of the most promising of the emerging biomarkers for AD. However, accessible methods are limited.METHODSWe employed a novel p‐tau217 immunoassay (University of Gothenburg [UGOT] p‐tau217) in four independent cohorts (n = 308) including a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker‐classified cohort (Discovery), two cohorts consisting mostly of cognitively unimpaired (CU) and mild cognitively impaired (MCI) participants (MYHAT and Pittsburgh), and a population‐based cohort of individuals with SCD (Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center's Alzheimer's At‐Risk Cohort [β‐AARC]).RESULTSUGOT p‐tau217 showed high accuracy (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.80–0.91) identifying amyloid beta (Aβ) pathology, determined either by Aβ positron emission tomography or CSF Aβ42/40 ratio. In individuals experiencing SCD, UGOT p‐tau217 showed high accuracy identifying those with a positive CSF Aβ42/40 ratio (AUC = 0.91).DISCUSSIONUGOT p‐tau217 can be an easily accessible and efficient way to screen and monitor patients with suspected AD pathophysiology, even in the early stages of the continuum.
A target enrichment probe set for resolving phylogenetic relationships in the coffee family, Rubiaceae
Authors: Ball Laymon D. , Bedoya Ana M. , Taylor Charlotte M. , Lagomarsino Laura P. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPremiseRubiaceae is among the most species‐rich plant families, as well as one of the most morphologically and geographically diverse. Currently available phylogenies have mostly relied on few genomic and plastid loci, as opposed to large‐scale genomic data. Target enrichment provides the ability to generate sequence data for hundreds to thousands of phylogenetically informative, single‐copy loci, which often leads to improved phylogenetic resolution at both shallow and deep taxonomic scales; however, a publicly accessible Rubiaceae‐specific probe set that allows for comparable phylogenetic inference across clades is lacking.MethodsHere, we use publicly accessible genomic resources to identify putatively single‐copy nuclear loci for target enrichment in two Rubiaceae groups: tribe Hillieae (Cinchonoideae) and tribal complex Palicoureeae+Psychotrieae (Rubioideae). We sequenced 2270 exonic regions corresponding to 1059 loci in our target clades and generated in silico target enrichment sequences for other Rubiaceae taxa using our designed probe set. To test the utility of our probe set for phylogenetic inference across Rubiaceae, we performed a coalescent‐aware phylogenetic analysis using a subset of 27 Rubiaceae taxa from 10 different tribes and three subfamilies, and one outgroup in Apocynaceae.ResultsWe recovered an average of 75% and 84% of targeted exons and loci, respectively, per Rubiaceae sample. Probes designed using genomic resources from a particular subfamily were most efficient at targeting sequences from taxa in that subfamily. The number of paralogs recovered during assembly varied for each clade. Phylogenetic inference of Rubiaceae with our target regions resolves relationships at various scales. Relationships are largely consistent with previous studies of relationships in the family with high support (≥0.98 local posterior probability) at nearly all nodes and evidence of gene tree discordance.DiscussionOur probe set, which we call Rubiaceae2270x, was effective for targeting loci in species across and even outside of Rubiaceae. This probe set will facilitate phylogenomic studies in Rubiaceae and advance systematics and macroevolutionary studies in the family.
The future of cosmeceuticals
Authors: Firsowicz Maya , Bur Delfina , Lain Ted 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe present state of skincare addresses the consequences of photodamage, hormonal influences, and the cumulative impact of exposome exposure throughout a person's life. Treatments within the aesthetic domain either harness biological pathways to achieve rejuvenation, such as retinoids and antioxidants, or suppress them, like lightening ingredients. Emerging advancements encompass techniques that stimulate the differentiation of stem cells to generate younger keratinocytes and fibroblasts, activate macrophages to diminish proinflammatory cellular waste, and restore glycosaminoglycans within the dermal matrix. While these innovations have significantly enhanced the potential of skincare to revitalize the skin in recent years, obstacles to their adoption remain substantial, including complex multistep regimens, the elevated cost of novel technologies, and limited accessibility for a majority of consumers. The next phase of skincare innovation targets the root cause of aging, at the genetic and epigenetic level. By reversing the effect of the exposome at this level, it is conceivable that biological age and chronological age might no longer correlate. Additionally, the integration of artificial intelligence, the identification of biomarkers, and improved accessibility to genetic predisposition lab testing will combine to allow for greater personalization of skincare recommendations.
Finite element analysis for complex permittivity measurement of a dielectric plate and its application to inverse problem
Authors: Hirayama Koichi , Hayashi Yoshio 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe resonant frequency and unloaded quality factor of a cylindrical cavity resonator are computed accurately by using the axisymmetric finite element method. Here the loss of both a dielectric sample and a shielding conductor is taken into account. A term with 1/r among the components of the finite element matrix is analytically integrated over a triangular ring quadratic element. Also, the inverse problem, that is, the estimation of the complex permittivity of a dielectric from a resonant frequency and an unloaded quality factor, is formulated and its usefulness is confirmed through some computed results for dielectric plates and deformed lossy sheets. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 84(5): 10–19, 2001
Device parameter dependence of temperature characteristics of lateral power MOSFET formed by solid‐phase epitaxy
Authors: Kodama Masahito , Sugiyama Takahide , Uesugi Tutomu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe device parameter dependence of temperature characteristics is evaluated for lateral power MOSFET having buried gates in the lower channel area and having trench gate/drains, produced by the solid‐phase epitaxy method. The device parameters considered were the gate length and the n‐drift length. The temperature coefficient (change rate) of the threshold value depends on the gate length and this tendency tends to increase as the gate length increases. However, there was no dependence on the n‐drift length. In addition, the temperature coefficient of the specific on‐resistance depends on the n‐drift length, to a degree that increases as the n‐drift length increases. However, there was no dependence on the gate length. The above facts indicate that the temperature dependence of the device characteristics tends to decrease as the device size decreases. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 84(5): 55–61, 2001
Joint engineering‐medical school programs prepare physicians for clinical challenges: An observational study
Authors: Gathman Tyler J. , Vasdev Ranveer M. S. , Smetak Miriam R. , Williams Anthony , Budde Anna , Iaizzo Paul A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsModern health care faces a plethora of challenges including the delivery of quality and cost‐efficient care. Physicians are first‐hand observers of clinical problems but may lack the requisite training and education to develop innovations that improve patient care. Few medical education programs address innovation, leadership, and transdisciplinary collaboration despite being highlighted by national medical and education organizations including the American Medical Association. The University of Minnesota has implemented the Augustine program over the last 10‐years to produce physicians that are leaders in medical innovation.MethodsAs a novel joint engineering‐medical school curriculum to educate medical students, residents, and fellows, the Augustine program incorporates engineering coursework, biomedical research, and a multidisciplinary design and business development experience to produce physicians capable of designing and marketing “disruptive technologies.” The Augustine program takes 1‐year to complete in addition to the 4‐year medical education and provides a Master of Biomedical Engineering upon completion.ResultsAugustine program graduates (n = 6) have reported significant contributions related to the joint engineering‐medical education including peer‐reviewed publications (Median: 13), deployable assets (Median: 2), and intellectual property (Median: 1). Most surveyed graduates (n = 5, 83%) continue to be active contributors to medical innovation and all (n = 6, 100%) utilize their transdisciplinary education to improve patient care.ConclusionAugustine program graduates impact the entire spectrum of innovation and continue to improve patient care. The program will seek to emphasize the inclusion of physician residents and fellows with position expansion. The addition of a multi‐week medical innovation clerkship will provide a more focused experience for students unable to dedicate an entire year to a transdisciplinary experience.
Clinical characteristics and prognostic analysis of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy with positive anti‐aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetase antibodies: A single center experience
Authors: Zhang Di , Wang Huijing , Zhou Xinpeng , Yang Jianguo , Liu Yuan , Wang Wenjing , Jiang Ping , Fan Bing 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo identify the differences of clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, and the long‐term outcomes in patients with anti‐synthetase syndrome (ASS) of different anti‐aminoacyl‐transfer RNA synthetase antibodies.MethodsWe retrospectively enrolled 119 patients with ASS, and the clinical characteristics and laboratory findings were collected. Additionally, multivariate COX regression analysis was performed to estimate the risk factors of prognosis in patients with ASS.ResultsThe frequency of interstitial lung disease (ILD) reached 93.3% in our cohort, of 28 (23.5%) was classified as rapidly progressive (RP)‐ILD. The highest incidence of RP‐ILD was 36.4% in the PL12 group of ASS patients. The ILD group was characterized by an older age, a lower prevalence of V sign, and a higher prevalence of pulmonary symptoms when contrasted with the non‐ILD group. There were statistical differences of clinical significance in arthritis, myositis, mechanic's hands, triad, shawl sign, V sign, and Raynaud's phenomenon among the four subgroups (all p < .05). Additionally, the prevalence rates of arthritis, myositis, mechanic's hands, triad, and V sign in the anti‐Jo1 antibody‐positive group were significantly higher than anti‐Jo1 antibody‐negative patients with ASS (all p < .05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed mechanic's hands (odds ratio [OR] = 6.47, p < .001), anti‐nuclear antibodies (ANA) (OR = 2.13, p = .026), ILD (OR = 10.50, p < .001), and V sign (OR = 0.30, p = .007) were independent factors affecting the prognosis of patients with ASS. The incidences of RP‐ILD, arthritis, myositis, triad, mechanic's hands, and shawl sign were more frequent in the anti‐Ro52 antibody‐positive group than the anti‐Ro52 antibody‐negative patients with ASS (all p < .05).ConclusionsPatients with ASS accompanied with ILD are highly prevalent. Mechanic's hands, ANA, and ILD may be a potential biomarker for predicting a poor prognosis in patients with ASS. Additionally, the detection of the anti‐Ro52 antibody provides valuable insights for managing and predicting disease progression and long‐term outcomes.
TACT: Text attention based CNN‐Transformer network for polyp segmentation
Authors: Zhao Yiyang , Li Jinjiang , Hua Zhen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) has been one of the top three disease in the world in terms of incidence for many years. Therefore, how to prevent and treat CRC has become a topic of concern for an increasing number of people, and colonoscopy is the most effective detection method in polyp examination. According to studies, 90% of CRC is caused by adenomatous polyps of the large intestine. In clinical practice, the diversity of polyps' size, number, and shape and the unclear boundary between polyps and colon folds can reduce the operator's accuracy of polyps segmentation and lead to a higher rate of missed diagnosis. To better address the inaccurate segmentation or high miss rate due to the above factors, we propose a text attention‐based CNN‐Transformer network for polyp segmentation (TACT) network to process the images in a way that minimizes operator subjectivity and miss rate. The network is based on the CNN‐Transformer structure, and on this basis, a fully attention progressive sampling module is added to more accurately divide the polyp boundary. Moreover, an auxiliary text classification task was added to focus on polyp size and number features in the form of text attention, which more effectively copes with the segmentation tasks of different sizes and different numbers of polyps. After comparing with multiple state‐of‐the‐art segmentation methods in four challenging datasets, our proposed TACT improves segmentation accuracy for polyps of different sizes in different datasets.
Altered Growth Factor Expression in the Aging Penis: The Brown‐Norway Rat Model
Authors: RAJASEKARAN MAHADEVAN , KASYAN ARMEN , JAIN AMITA , KIM SAE‐WOONG , MONGA MANOJ 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTThe objective of the present study was to evaluate age‐related changes in the protein and gene expression of modulators of erectile function (nitric oxide [NO] and endothelin‐1 [ET‐1]) and growth factors such as transforming growth factor (TGF‐β1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the penile tissue of Brown‐Norway (BN) rats. Young and old BN male rats were euthanized, and the penile tissue was processed for immunohistochemical and molecular analyses. Total RNA was extracted, and an Access reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) system was used for messenger RNA (mRNA) expression analysis. Immunohistochemical studies showed a decreased expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein and an increased staining for ET‐1. Quantitative analysis of PCR products revealed decreased levels of VEGF mRNA expression in the old population of rats. The most significant decrease was detected between bands corresponding to splice forms 164 (21%) and 120 (18%). The observed alterations in the gene expression of growth factors such as VEGF may contribute to the abnormal age‐related morphological and physiological alterations in the erectile tissue.