bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of Internet technologies on the airline industry: current strategies and future developments
Authors: McIvor Ronan , O'Reilly Dolores , Ponsonby Sharon 
Published: February 2003

Abstract
This paper examines the impact of Internet technologies on value creation in the airline industry and focuses on the Internet strategies of two European low‐cost and two traditional operators.
Four notable value drivers in the aviation context are identified, namely efficiency, complementarities, lock‐in and novelty.
The Internet represents a powerful technology for commerce and communication between airlines and consumers and the paper highlights the implications for corporate strategists as customer expectations increase over time and the boundaries of the airline industry become increasingly blurred.
SummaryThis paper examines how Internet technologies are impacting upon airline companies at the customer interface. The analysis focuses on a number of airline companies that have been exploiting Internet technologies. It is shown how airline operators are using the Internet to provide innovative exchange mechanisms and transaction structures with customers. The adoption of the Internet is increasing the expectations of customers as to what and how these organizations offer products and services. In fact, the Internet has become central to the strategic development of the airline companies analysed. The scope and boundaries of the airline industry have become less clear as a result of the adoption of Internet technologies at the customer interface. The offering of a range of products and services is creating industry convergence that has significant implications for the formulation of corporate strategy. Exploitation of the Internet at the customer interface has become a key catalyst in the transformation of the airline industry. Further exploitation of the Internet will lead to higher levels of sophistication that in turn will increase the expectations of the customer on what and how these organizations offer products and services. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Owner–managers: freedoms and constraints
Authors: Wahlgrén Asta , Stewart Rosemary 
Published: February 2003

Abstract
This paper explores freedom and its constraints as perceived by owner–managers.
Freedom is defined as the opportunity to choose. The concept of ‘choice’ combines ideas from the three literatures used in this paper: discussion of freedom by philosophers, studies of managerial work and behaviour and writings about owner–managers and entrepreneurs.
Owner–managers' perceptions of freedom and its constraints are illustrated and analysed through qualitative data obtained in Finland from four in‐depth interviews and twenty‐four essays.
The perceptions of these owner–managers imply that freedom in managerial work has many aspects. The constraints perceived vary except that the importance of profitability is highlighted by all those studied.
One of the primary aims of this paper is to help owner–managers to understand and appraise how they see and do their jobs. The research discussed here is of Finnish owner–managers. However, there seems no reason to think that the conclusions are not applicable in other countries.
Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Linear elliptic boundary value problems in varying domains
Authors: Bochniak Marius 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe paper is devoted to the study of solutions to linear elliptic boundary value problems in domains depending smoothly on a small perturbation parameter. To this end we transform the boundary value problem onto a fixed reference domain and obtain a problem in a fixed domain but with differential operators depending on the perturbation parameter. Using the Fredholm property of the underlying operator we show the differentiability of the transformed solution under the assumption that the dimension of the kernel does not depend on the perturbation parameter. Furthermore, we obtain an explicit representation for the corresponding derivative.
Full asymptotic expansion of the heat trace for non–self–adjoint elliptic cone operators
Authors: Gil Juan B. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe operator e–tA and its trace Tr e–tA, for t > 0, are investigated in the case when A is an elliptic differential operator on a manifold with conical singularities. Under a certain spectral condition (parameter–ellipticity) we obtain a full asymptotic expansion in t of the heat trace as t → 0+. As in the smooth compact case, the problem is reduced to the investigation of the resolvent (A–λ)–1. The main step consists in approximating this family by a parametrix of A – λ constructed within a suitable parameter–dependent calculus.
A boundedness result for twisted convolution
Authors: Karapetyants Alexey , de Arellano Enrique Ramírez 
Published: February 2003

AbstractWe consider twisted convolution operators with kernels having singularities on a sphere and having as Fourier transform the oscillatory symbol mα(|ξ|) = |ξ|–αei|ξ|, 0 ≤ ℜ︁α < 2n. We give integral representations for such operators and, as a principal result, we study Lp–Lq estimates for them.
A quasilinear Neumann problem with discontinuous nonlinearity
Authors: Papalini Francesca 
Published: February 2003

AbstractIn this paper we study a quasilinear boundary value problem of Neumann type with discontinuous terms. In particular we consider a problem in which the p–Laplacian is involved. In order to prove the existence of solutions we replace this problem with a multivalued approximation of it and, using a variational approach for locally Lipschitz functionals, we prove two existence results for it.
Remarks on a theorem of Taskinen on spaces of continuous functions
Authors: Villanueva Ignacio 
Published: February 2003

AbstractWe clarify and prove in a simpler way a result of Taskinen about symmetric operators on C(Kn), K an uncountable metrizable compact space. To do this we prove that, for any compact space K and any n ∈ ℕ, the symmetric injective n–tensor product of C(K), $ \widehat {\bigotimes} ^n _{s, \epsilon} C(K) $, is complemented in C(BC(K)*), a result of independent interest. The techniques we develop allow us to extend the result in several directions. We also show that the hypothesis of metrizability and uncountability cannot be removed.
A 5.8‐GHz ISM band active 90° hybrid and variable attenuator
Authors: Avitabile G. , Chellini B. , Limiti E. , Giannini F. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe paper introduces an MMIC 90° hybrid based on MIM capacitors and active inductors. The component has been used to implement an integrated variable attenuator operating at 5.8 GHz. Simulations and experimental results are reported to describe the design process and validate the proposed configuration. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 325–327, 2003
A novel capacitance formula of the microstrip line using synthetic asymptote
Authors: Kwok S. K. , Tsang K. F. , Chow Y. L. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractCapacitance formulas of the microstrip line are usually curve‐fitted from numerical solutions, resulting in multiple arbitrary coefficients and multiple equations. Such complexity in equations obscures their physical insight. By using the novel technique of synthetic asymptote, a single formula with just one arbitrary constant is obtained. In this paper, the formula for the line capacitance of arbitrary substrate dielectric constant, thickness, and strip width is investigated. Important parameters of the microstrip line, such as impedance and propagation, are inferred from this capacitance formula. The average errors of the calculated parameters are only 1%. The derived capacitance formula provides insight to enable us to distinguish between the parallel plate field and the fringe field and will find important application in microwave integrated circuit design. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 327–330, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10756
Microwave‐driven thunder materials
Authors: Song Kyo D. , Yi Won J. , Chu Sang‐Hyon , Choi Sang H. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractAn experimental study of a smart‐materials actuator driven by a microwave is presented in this paper. A proof‐of‐concept experiment using a smart material, such as thin layer composite unimorph ferroelectric driver and sensor (THUNDER), has been demonstrated with wirelessly transmitted microwave power. Such an advance system will offer a new class of smart devices that are remotely controlled via wirelessly transmitted power. Thus, a system of this nature autonomously functions without an onboard power infrastructure. Potential applications are integrated sensors, actuators, and smart flight control in space applications, as well as biologically‐inspired systems. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 331–333, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10757
Design of conformal multiband antennas based on fractal concepts
Authors: Yeo Junho , Mittra Raj 
Published: February 2003

AbstractIn this paper we present some novel designs for conformal multiband antennas, based on fractal concepts, for application at three different frequencies. Although a whole host of conventional fractal type of monopole and dipole configurations have been designed in the past, they are not well suited for conformal applications. In this paper we describe a Sierpinski gasket type of fractal configuration, printed on a dielectric substrate backed by a ground plane, and propose a novel approach to enhancing its multiband performance, in terms of impedance matching characteristics as well as radiation patterns, at three operating frequencies. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 333–338, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10758
Detection of human respiration using square‐wave modulated electromagnetic impulses
Authors: Ong Keat G. , Dreschel William R. , Grimes Craig A. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractA technique for monitoring human respiration utilizing square‐wave modulated electromagnetic impulses is presented. Lung volume changes associated with human respiration alter the time‐amplitude spectrum of a reflected electromagnetic impulse, while the Brillouin‐precursor associated with impulse propagation through dispersive media enables detection through otherwise opaque barriers. Results of numerical simulations and experiments are presented. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 339–343, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10759
A fast, high‐order quadrature sampled pre‐corrected fast‐Fourier transform for electromagnetic scattering
Authors: Gedney Stephen , Zhu Aiming , Tang Wee‐Hua , Liu Gang , Petre Peter 
Published: February 2003

AbstractIn this paper, a novel fast, high‐order solution procedure referred to as the quadrature sampled pre‐corrected fast‐Fourier transform (QS‐PCFFT) is presented. The method accelerates far‐interaction terms of an integral operator using the discontinuous FFT1, which combines Gaussian‐quadrature integration with the FFT. This method is applied to the locally corrected Nyström solution of electromagnetic scattering problems. It is shown that the QS‐PCFFT maintains high‐order convergence and scales asO(N) in memory andO(NlogN) in floating point operations. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 343–349, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10760
Multi‐frequency planar monopole antenna for GSM/DCS/PCS/WLAN operation
Authors: Teng Pey‐Ling , Chen Hong‐Twu , Wong Kin‐Lu 
Published: February 2003

AbstractA novel planar monopole antenna capable of multi‐frequency operation at about 900, 1800, and 2450 MHz is presented. The monopole antenna occupies a small area of 6.5 × 50 mm2, and is easy to construct with low cost by printing on an FR4 substrate. The monopole antenna can be mounted perpendicularly to the system circuit board of a communication device so that a low profile to the system ground plane will result. In addition, the obtained impedance bandwidths of the proposed antenna at about 900, 1800, and 2450 MHz can cover the GSM (890–960 MHz), DCS (1710–1880 MHz), PCS (1850–1990 MHz), and WLAN (2400–2484 MHz) bands. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 350–352, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10761
Empirical relationship between δ and ferromagnetic resonance frequency in hexagonal ferrite‐based microwave absorbing paint
Authors: Meshram M. R. , Agrawal Nawal K. , Sinha Bharoti , Misra P. S. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThis paper reports the development of an empirical relationship between δ andfrfor a Mn‐Ti‐substituted barium hexagonal ferrite‐based paint. The previously available empirical relation1is not valid beyond δ = 1.1, after which anomalous results are being obtained. An attempt has been made to overcome this limitation by preparing different samples of ferrite using δ = 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.7, and 3.1 and experimentally determining their respective complex permeability. A plot has been obtained between δ andfr(resonant frequency) and, using the curve fitting techniques, a best‐fitted curve was found. From this an empirical relation could easily be derived. This relation was found to be valid for a wide frequency range from 8 GHz to 18 GHz. Results show that a maximum absorption on the order of 8 dB can be obtained at the resonance frequency of the various samples, thus successfully validating the relation. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 352–355, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10762
A 2D near‐field microwave diversity imaging system in turntable mode
Authors: Ma Jinping , Che Wenquan , Mao Naihong 
Published: February 2003

AbstractA novel near‐field microwave diversity imaging system in turntable mode is proposed theoretically. Based on the coherent spherical back‐projection principle, an imaging function used to describe the profile of object has been derived, in which frequency and angular diversity techniques are adopted. Imaging resolutions for both ideal and practical cases are discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 356–359, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10763
Accurate computation of vector potentials in lossy media
Authors: Chakraborty Swagato , Jandhyala Vikram 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThis paper presents an accurate formulation and integration scheme for computing vector potential interactions due to linear basis functions in lossy conducting media over wide frequency ranges. The emphasis is on an approach that is broadband and works both at high‐frequency surface impedance limits and at low‐frequency volumetric current flow limits. The method can be interpreted as a step towards a surface‐only formulation for an integral‐equation‐based broadband characterization. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 359–363, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10764
Design of steerable non‐uniform linear array geometry for side‐lobe reduction
Authors: Bae Ji‐Hoon , Kim Kyung‐Tae , Lee Joon‐Ho , Kim Hyo‐Tae , Choi Jae‐Ick 
Published: February 2003

AbstractIn this paper, we present a pattern synthesis method of non‐uniform linear array antennas for simultaneous reduction of the side‐lobe level and pattern distortion during beam steering. To achieve these two requirements, the positions of linear array elements are adjusted using the Gauss–Newton method. It is shown that the proposed method can significantly reduce pattern distortion as well as the side‐lobe level, although the beam direction is scanned. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 363–367, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10765
Accurate frequency domain modeling of LTCC solid‐gridded plane structures
Authors: Chen Guang , Jancura Andrej , Virga Kathleen L. , Winkler Gert , Prince John L. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThis paper presents a modeling approach for solid‐gridded power‐ground plane structures in low‐temperature co‐fired ceramic (LTCC) modules. The approach uses a two‐dimensional transmission line approach and uses a new physical‐layout‐based cell‐dividing modeling method to expedite the simulation process. The approach is verified by comparing theS11parameters obtained from simulation and measurement. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 367–371, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10766
An analysis of the kink phenomenon of scattering parameter S22 in RF power mosfets for system‐on‐chip (SOC) applications
Authors: Lin Yo‐Sheng , Lu Shey‐Shi 
Published: February 2003

AbstractIn this paper, the kink effect in scattering parameter S22 of RF power MOSFETs with drain‐to‐spacer offset is explained quantitatively for the first time. Our results show that for RF power MOSFETs the output impedance can be represented by a “shifted” series RC circuit at low frequencies and a “shifted” parallel RC circuit at high frequencies. The appearance of the kink point of S22 in a Smith chart is caused by this inherent ambivalent characteristic of the output impedance. It is found that an increase of drain‐to‐spacer offset enhances the kink effect. In addition, the kink effect in S22 of RF power MOSFETs can also be interpreted in terms of poles and zeros. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 371–376, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10767
Folded‐loop antennas for handset terminals at the 2.0‐GHz band
Authors: Adachi Takahiko , Hirata Akimasa , Shiozawa Toshiyuki 
Published: February 2003

AbstractFolded‐loop antennas for mobile handsets are analyzed, taking into account the influence of the human body. Folding the loop antennas toward the back of a metallic box is found to reduce the peak SAR averaged over 1 g and 10 g of tissues by 30% to 60%, while the radiation characteristics are comparable with those of a monopole antenna. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 376–378, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10768
A combination of windowed plane wave spectrum (WPWS) and spectral transformation techniques for computing the radar scattering characteristics of thin conducting plates
Authors: Prakash V. V. S. , Mittra Raj 
Published: February 2003

AbstractIn this paper, the problem of scattering from finite perfectly conducting (PEC) plates has been analyzed by using the windowed plane wave spectrum (WPWS) technique, and the resultant solution is further refined via spectral transformation. The importance of windowing the spectrum of the induced current to improve the solution has been demonstrated. Numerical results have been presented to illustrate the accuracy of the technique via a comparison with those derived by using the method of moments analysis employing Rao, Wilton, and Glisson basis functions. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 378–381, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10769
Tapered meander slot antenna for dual band personal wireless communication systems
Authors: Allen Cuthbert M. , Elsherbeni Atef Z. , Smith Charles E. , Huang Chun‐Wen P. , Lee Kai‐Fong 
Published: February 2003

AbstractA small size antenna is designed for dual‐band operation for personal wireless communication systems. The design is based on a tapered meander slot in a finite size ground plane, with a microstrip feed line at the opposite side of the dielectric substrate. The antenna supports 1800 MHz and 2400 MHz operations simultaneously with bandwidths of 130 MHz and 350 MHz, respectively. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 381–385, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10770
Electrically steerable cylindrical microstrip array antenna
Authors: Lee Choon Sae , Hsieh Tung‐Hung , Chen Pi‐Wei 
Published: February 2003

AbstractA novel electronic beam steering is achieved by varying the amplitude of each radiating element in a microstrip array on a curved surface. PIN diodes are used to turn on the radiating patches facing in the intended direction while turning off all other patches. Since the amplitude‐varying antenna does not use expensive phase shifters, the resultant beam‐steering system is much less expensive than conventional phased‐array antennas. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 386–387, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10771
Modal dispersion curves of metal‐clad concave lens shaped waveguides and their comparative study
Authors: Kumar N. , Srivastava S. K. , Ojha S. P. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThis paper presents a comparative study of dispersion characteristics of metal‐clad waveguides with concave‐lens‐like cross sections. Using the point‐matching method under weak‐guidance approximation, the modal characteristic equation is derived and the modal dispersion curves are obtained. The proposed waveguide may be conceived as a distortion of the square waveguide with a transverse compression at one pair of its parallel sides in order to become concave lens shaped. We find that, the effect of the concave lens shaped distortion is to shift the lowest cutoff value (Vc) towards a larger V value, and increases the number of modes. It is also observed that the lowest cutoff value increases gradually with the increase in the compression depth. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 388–392, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10772
Slot antenna with a tilted beam for satellite reception
Authors: Vera‐Isasa M. , Sierra‐Castañer M. , Sierra‐Pérez M. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractA design method for DBS‐TV reception antennas with tilted beam using a radial feed line with a slot radiating array is proposed. A cylindrical TEM wave excites the slots and must be placed eccentrically in order to produce a tilted beam. The proposed design method allows us to obtain good results for tilt angles up to 10° as is demonstrated. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 392–394, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10773
Numerical assessment of multifrequency microwave radiometry for sensing malignant breast cancer tumors
Authors: El‐Shenawee Magda 
Published: February 2003

AbstractA numerical study of microwave radiometry for malignant breast cancer tumors is presented. The numerical results show that the brightness temperature of malignant tumors exhibits a resonant behavior versus the frequency. The brightness magnitude decreases with the tumor burial depth, however, the resonance frequencies depend only on the tumor's size and material and are independent of the burial depth. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 394–398, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10774