bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Introduction to Predictive Processing Models of Perception and Decision‐Making
Authors: Sprevak Mark , Smith Ryan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe predictive processing framework includes a broad set of ideas, which might be articulated and developed in a variety of ways, concerning how the brain may leverage predictive models when implementing perception, cognition, decision‐making, and motor control. This article provides an up‐to‐date introduction to the two most influential theories within this framework: predictive coding and active inference. The first half of the paper (Sections 2–5) reviews the evolution of predictive coding, from early ideas about efficient coding in the visual system to a more general model encompassing perception, cognition, and motor control. The theory is characterized in terms of the claims it makes at Marr's computational, algorithmic, and implementation levels of description, and the conceptual and mathematical connections between predictive coding, Bayesian inference, and variational free energy (a quantity jointly evaluating model accuracy and complexity) are explored. The second half of the paper (Sections 6–8) turns to recent theories of active inference. Like predictive coding, active inference models assume that perceptual and learning processes minimize variational free energy as a means of approximating Bayesian inference in a biologically plausible manner. However, these models focus primarily on planning and decision‐making processes that predictive coding models were not developed to address. Under active inference, an agent evaluates potential plans (action sequences) based on their expected free energy (a quantity that combines anticipated reward and information gain). The agent is assumed to represent the world as a partially observable Markov decision process with discrete time and discrete states. Current research applications of active inference models are described, including a range of simulation work, as well as studies fitting models to empirical data. The paper concludes by considering future research directions that will be important for further development of both models.
Acute hypoxia impairs posterior cerebral bioenergetics and memory in man
Authors: Ando Soichi , Tsukamoto Hayato , Stacey Benjamin S. , Washio Takuro , Owens Thomas S. , Calverley Thomas A. , Fall Lewis , Marley Christopher J. , Iannetelli Angelo , Hashimoto Takeshi , Ogoh Shigehiko , Bailey Damian M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHypoxia has the potential to impair cognitive function; however, it is still uncertain which cognitive domains are adversely affected. We examined the effects of acute hypoxia (∼7 h) on central executive (Go/No‐Go) and non‐executive (memory) tasks and the extent to which impairment was potentially related to regional cerebral blood flow and oxygen delivery (CDO2). Twelve male participants performed cognitive tasks following 0, 2, 4 and 6 h of passive exposure to both normoxia and hypoxia (12% O2), in a randomized block cross‐over single‐blinded design. Middle cerebral artery (MCA) and posterior cerebral artery (PCA) blood velocities and corresponding CDO2 were determined using bilateral transcranial Doppler ultrasound. In hypoxia, MCA DO2 was reduced during the Go/No‐Go task (P = 0.010 vs. normoxia, main effect), and PCA DO2 was attenuated during memorization (P = 0.005 vs. normoxia) and recall components (P = 0.002 vs. normoxia) in the memory task. The accuracy of the memory task was also impaired in hypoxia (P = 0.049 vs. normoxia). In contrast, hypoxia failed to alter reaction time (P = 0.19 vs. normoxia) or accuracy (P = 0.20 vs. normoxia) during the Go/No‐Go task, indicating that selective attention and response inhibition were preserved. Hypoxia did not affect cerebral blood flow or corresponding CDO2 responses to cognitive activity (P > 0.05 vs. normoxia). Collectively, these findings highlight the differential sensitivity of cognitive domains, with memory being selectively vulnerable in hypoxia.
A cosmic-ray database update: CRDB v4.1
Authors: Maurin David , Ahlers Markus , Dembinski Hans , Haungs Andreas , Mangeard Pierre-Simon , Melot Frédéric , Mertsch Philipp , Wochele Doris , Wochele Jürgen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe cosmic-ray database, , has been gathering cosmic-ray data for the community since 2013. We present a new release, , providing many new quantities and data sets, with several improvements made on the code and web interface, and with new visualisation tools. relies on the MySQL database management system, and libraries for queries and sorting, and PHP web pages and AJAX protocol for displays. A REST interface enables user queries from command line or scripts. A new (pip-installable) CRDB python library is developed and extensive jupyter notebook examples are provided. This release contains cosmic-ray dipole anisotropy data, high-energy $$\bar{p}/p$$

p

¯

/
p

upper limits, some unpublished LEE and AESOP lepton time series, many more ultra-high energy data, and a few missing old data sets. It also includes high-precision data from the last three years, in particular the hundreds of thousands AMS-02 and PAMELA data time series (time-dependent plots are now enabled). All these data are shown in a gallery of plots, which can be easily reproduced from the public notebook examples. contains 316,126 data points from 504 publications, in 4111 sub-experiments from 131 experiments.
Isospin violating decays of vector charmonia
Authors: Geng Chao-Qiang , Liu Chia-Wei , Zhang Jiabao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe study the isospin violating decays of vector charmonia to$$\Lambda \overline{\Sigma }^0$$ΛΣ¯0and its charge conjugate. They are dominated by the single photon annihilation and can be evaluated reliably with timelike form factors. We utilize the quark-pair creation model, which is valid for the OZI suppressed decays, to evaluate the form factors. We obtain the branching fractions of$$\mathcal{B}(J/\psi \rightarrow \Lambda \overline{\Sigma }^0+c.c.)=(2.4\pm 0.4)\times 10^{-5}$$B(J/ψ→ΛΣ¯0+c.c.)=(2.4±0.4)×10-5and$$\mathcal{B}(\psi (2\,S)\rightarrow \Lambda \overline{\Sigma }^0+c.c.)=(3.0\pm 0.5)\times 10^{-6}$$B(ψ(2S)→ΛΣ¯0+c.c.)=(3.0±0.5)×10-6, which are compatible with the measurements by the BESIII collaborations, respectively. The decay asymmetries are found to be$$\alpha _{J/\psi }=0.314$$αJ/ψ=0.314and$$\alpha _{\psi (2S)}=0.461$$αψ(2S)=0.461, which can be examined at BESIII in the foreseeable future.
Study of four-body decays $$B_{(s)} \rightarrow (\pi \pi )(\pi \pi )$$ in the perturbative QCD approach
Authors: Yan Da-Cheng , Rui Zhou , Yan Yan , Li Ya 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this work, we make a systematical study on the four-body $$B_{(s)} \rightarrow (\pi \pi )(\pi \pi )$$

B

(
s
)

→

(
π
π
)

(
π
π
)

decays in the perturbative QCD (PQCD) approach, where the $$\pi \pi $$

π
π

invariant mass spectra are dominated by the vector resonance $$\rho (770)$$

ρ
(
770
)

and the scalar resonance $$f_0(980)$$

f
0

(
980
)

. We improve the Gengenbauer moments for the longitudinal P-wave two-pion distribution amplitudes (DAs) by fitting the PQCD factorization formulas to measured branching ratios of three-body and four-body B decays. With the fitted Gegenbauer moments, we make predictions for the branching ratios and direct CP asymmetries of four-body $$B_{(s)} \rightarrow (\pi \pi )(\pi \pi )$$

B

(
s
)

→

(
π
π
)

(
π
π
)

decays. As a by-product, we extract the branching ratios of two-body $$B_{(s)} \rightarrow \rho \rho $$

B

(
s
)

→
ρ
ρ

from the corresponding four-body decay modes and calculate the relevant polarization fractions. We find that the $$\mathcal{B}(B^0 \rightarrow \rho ^+\rho ^-)$$

B
(

B
0

→

ρ
+

ρ
-

)

is consistent with the previous theoretical predictions and data. The leading-order PQCD calculations of the $$\mathcal{B}(B^+\rightarrow \rho ^+\rho ^0)$$

B
(

B
+

→

ρ
+

ρ
0

)

, $$\mathcal{B}(B^0\rightarrow \rho ^0\rho ^0)$$

B
(

B
0

→

ρ
0

ρ
0

)

and the $$f_0(B^0\rightarrow \rho ^0\rho ^0)$$

f
0

(

B
0

→

ρ
0

ρ
0

)

are a bit lower than the experimental measurements, which should be further examined. It is shown that the direct CP asymmetries are large when both tree and penguin contributions are comparable to each other, but small for the tree-dominant or penguin-dominant processes. In addition to the direct CP asymmetries, the “true” and “fake” triple-product asymmetries (TPAs) originating from the interference among various helicity amplitudes in the $$B_{(s)}\rightarrow (\pi \pi )(\pi \pi )$$

B

(
s
)

→

(
π
π
)

(
π
π
)

decays are also analyzed. The sizable averaged TPA $$\mathcal{A}_{\text {T-true}}^{1, \text {ave}}=25.26\%$$

A

T-true

1
,
ave

=
25.26
%

of the color-suppressed decay $$B^0\rightarrow \rho ^0\rho ^0 \rightarrow (\pi ^+\pi ^-)(\pi ^+\pi ^-)$$

B
0

→

ρ
0

ρ
0

→

(

π
+

π
-

)

(

π
+

π
-

)

is predicted for the first time, which deviates a lot from the so-called “true” TPA $$\mathcal {A}_\text {T-true}^1=7.92\%$$

A
T-true
1

=
7.92
%

due to the large direct CP violation. A large “fake” TPA $$\mathcal {A}_\text {T-fake}^1=24.96\%$$

A
T-fake
1

=
24.96
%

of the decay $$B^0\rightarrow \rho ^0\rho ^0 \rightarrow (\pi ^+\pi ^-)(\pi ^+\pi ^-)$$

B
0

→

ρ
0

ρ
0

→

(

π
+

π
-

)

(

π
+

π
-

)

is also found, which indicates the significance of the final-state interactions. The predictions in this work can be tested by LHCb and Belle-II experiments in the near future.
Practical Dirac Majorana confusion theorem: issues and applicability
Authors: Kim C. S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe inspect the model-independent study of practical Dirac Majorana confusion theorem (pDMCT) – a wide spread belief that the difference between Dirac and Majorana neutrinos via any kinematical observable would be practically impossible to determine because of the difference only being proportional to the square of neutrino mass – in context of processes that have at least a neutrino antineutrino pair in their final state. We scrutinize the domain of applicability of pDMCT and also highlight those aspects that are often misunderstood. We try to clarify some of the frequently used concepts that are used to assert pDMCT as a generic feature irrespective of the process, or observable, such as the existence of any analytic continuity between Dirac and Majorana neutrinos in the limit $$m_{\nu } \rightarrow 0.$$

m
ν

→
0
.

In summary, we illustrate that pDMCT is not any fundamental property of neutrinos, instead, it is a phenomenological feature of neutrino non-observation, depending on models and processes.
Studying the influence of a gyrostatic moment on the motion of a charged rigid body containing a viscous incompressible liquid
Authors: Galal A. A. , Amer T. S. , Elneklawy A. H. , El-Kafly H. F. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe rotational motion of a charged rigid body (RB) is examined. The RB has a spherical cavity that contains an incompressible viscous liquid. The influence of a gyrostatic moment (GM), constant torques at the body-connected axes, and the action of the torque of a resistant force, due to the shape of the liquid, are considered. Assuming the liquid has a sufficiently high velocity, the Reynolds number does indeed have a small value. The regulating system of motion is derived in an appropriate formulation through Euler's equations of motion. The averaging method is used to approach a suitable form of the motion's governing system. In addition to using Taylor’s method to reach a solution for the averaged equations of motion of the RB, some initial conditions are considered to approach the required results. The asymptotic approach of the averaged system besides the numerical analysis enables us to obtain the appropriate results of the problem. To draw attention to the beneficial effects of the different values of the body’s parameter on the motion's behavior, these results are graphed through a computer program along with the associated phase plane curves. These diagrams illustrate the influence of several values respected to the GM, charge, body-constant torques, and resistive force torque. The stability of the RB's motion has also been discussed through the represented phase plane diagrams. These results are viewed as a generalization of prior ones, which have been reported for the scenario of an uncharged body or the absence case of the GM. The significance of the obtained results is due to its numerous real-world applications in life, such as for spaceships and wagons carrying liquid fuel.
Sustainable Finance Factors in Indian Economy: Analysis on Policy of Climate Change and Energy Sector
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Goel Richa , Singh Tilottama , Mohanty Sachi Mohanty , Gupta Deepak , Alkhayyat Ahmed , Khanna Rupa 
Published: October 2023

In the current era, entire global economies are transitioning to sustainable development because of global warming and climate change. Due to turbulence in environmental issues such as weather shocks, climate change and basic infrastructure and industrial planning, many countries are changing their approach and taking green steps. This paper assesses sustainable finance in India and the ways in which India can mitigate climate changing risk toward zero carbon policy and supporting SDGs 2030. It talks about the physical and transitional climate risks in India like surface temperature, heat wave concourse, etc., and provides a comprehensive analysis of how the corporate sector is imparting its role in sustainable nature through corporate social responsibility (CSR). India is an emerging economy where energy is an essential component. This study analyzes about supply of energy and how India is shifting from traditional energy sources to renewal energy sources. Thus, the objective of this study is to focus on the initiatives taken by the Indian government for sustainable finance through green bond policy at national and international platforms using the Panchamrit framework adopted by India thereby focusing on India’s sustainable policy support for SDGs 2030. Also, this research proposes numerous recommendations for future sustainable finance research in the context to India, which includes developing and diffusing innovative sustainable financing instruments, magnifying, and managing the profitability and returns of sustainable financing, making sustainable finance more sustainable, and leveraging the power of new-age technologies for sustainable finance.
Relaxation Dynamics and Finite-Size Effects in a Simple Model of Condensation
Authors: Gotti Gabriele , Iubini Stefano , Politi Paolo 
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we consider a simple, purely stochastic model characterized by two conserved quantities (mass density a and energy density h) which is known to display a condensation transition when [Formula: see text]: in the localized phase a single site hosts a finite fraction of the whole energy. Its equilibrium properties in the thermodynamic limit are known and in a recent paper [G. Gotti, S. Iubini and P. Politi, Finite-size localization scenarios in condensation transitions, Phys. Rev. E 103 (2021) 052133] we studied the transition for finite systems. Here, we analyze finite-size effects on the energy distribution and on the relaxation dynamics, showing that extremely large systems should be studied in order to observe the asymptotic distribution and even larger systems should be simulated in order to observe the expected relaxation dynamics.
Incidence of Prosthetic Valvular Thrombosis in Rheumatic Heart Valve Diseases and Risk Factors for Mortality: Experience from a Tertiary Care Center with Review of Management Options
Authors: Raja R Naveen , Kumar R Sampath , Digala Prathapavarma , S Deep Chandh Raja , Aravazhi R. 
Published: October 2023

Background Prosthetic valve thrombosis bears significant risks of morbidity and mortality. In our study, we explore the risk factors associated with thrombolysis for thrombosis of prosthetic valves of the heart. Materials and Methods This is a hospital-based cross-sectional study with 60 patients with valve replacement between 25 and 60 years. Using an organized questionnaire we have obtained data on sociodemographic, behavioral risk factors, and previous history of other medical conditions. Results and Discussion The incidence of prosthetic valve thrombosis was 4% ( n = 60). The prevalence of aortic valve thrombosis was found to be 3.4% and mitral valve thrombosis was 5.2%. The mean age group of the study population was 30 ± 10 years. The incidence was highest (31%) in the 30–40 years age group. Aortic valve thrombosis was the most common ( n = 48, 80%). The overall mortality was 38% ( n = 23). The mortality rate due to Aortic valve and Mitral valvar thrombosis was 41.06% ( n = 20) and 20% ( n = 3), respectively. Sub-therapeutic international normalized ratio (INR) was noted in 86% ( n = 52) patients and drug non-compliance was 70% ( n = 42). All patients underwent thrombolysis, considering the higher severity of functional class. The risk factors significant for mortality were previous history of valve thrombosis, subtherapeutic INR and aortic valve. Conclusions Aoretic valve prosthetic valve thrombosis was the most common and the overall mortality was higher in women. High mortality was observed in the cohort. Previous history of thrombosis and subtherapeutic INR is an important risk factor for mortality.
Extracting cancer concepts from clinical notes using natural language processing: a systematic review
Authors: Gholipour Maryam , Khajouei Reza , Amiri Parastoo , Hajesmaeel Gohari Sadrieh , Ahmadian Leila 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Extracting information from free texts using natural language processing (NLP) can save time and reduce the hassle of manually extracting large quantities of data from incredibly complex clinical notes of cancer patients. This study aimed to systematically review studies that used NLP methods to identify cancer concepts from clinical notes automatically.

Methods
PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase were searched for English language papers using a combination of the terms concerning “Cancer”, “NLP”, “Coding”, and “Registries” until June 29, 2021. Two reviewers independently assessed the eligibility of papers for inclusion in the review.

Results
Most of the software programs used for concept extraction reported were developed by the researchers (n = 7). Rule-based algorithms were the most frequently used algorithms for developing these programs. In most articles, the criteria of accuracy (n = 14) and sensitivity (n = 12) were used to evaluate the algorithms. In addition, Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine-Clinical Terms (SNOMED-CT) and Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) were the most commonly used terminologies to identify concepts. Most studies focused on breast cancer (n = 4, 19%) and lung cancer (n = 4, 19%).

Conclusion
The use of NLP for extracting the concepts and symptoms of cancer has increased in recent years. The rule-based algorithms are well-liked algorithms by developers. Due to these algorithms' high accuracy and sensitivity in identifying and extracting cancer concepts, we suggested that future studies use these algorithms to extract the concepts of other diseases as well.
Effectiveness of chlorhexidine gels and chips in Periodontitis Patients after Scaling and Root Planing: a systematic review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Annisa Zahratul Umami , Sulijaya Benso , Tadjoedin Ette Soraya Shahnaz , Hutomo Dimas Ilham , Masulili Sri Lelyati C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPeriodontal pockets are characteristic of periodontitis. Scaling and root planing is the gold standard for periodontitis treatment. Additional local antimicrobials are recommended in patients with a probing depth of ≥ 5 mm. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of chlorhexidine compared to other local antimicrobials in periodontitis. Searches were conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Meta-analysis was performed on studies that met inclusion criteria after risk of bias assessment. Meta-analysis between chlorhexidine chips and other antimicrobials showed a mean difference in probing depth after one month of 0.58 mm (p < 0.00001) whereas after three months the mean difference in probing depth was 0.50 mm (p = 0.001), index plaque 0.01 (p = 0.94) and gingival index − 0.11 mm (p = 0.02). Between chlorhexidine gel and other antimicrobials showed a mean difference in probing depth of 0.40 mm (p = 0.30), plaque index of 0.20 mm (p = 0.0008) and gingival index of -0.04 mm (p = 0.83) after one month. Chlorhexidine chips were more effective on the gingival index than other antimicrobials after three months. The other antimicrobials were more effective than chlorhexidine chips on probing depth after one and three months, and than chlorhexidine gels on plaque index after one month.
Volumetric evaluation of effects of platelet-rich fibrin and concentrated growth factor on early bone healing after endodontic microsurgery: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: You Jae-Seek , Jung Gyeo-Woon , Oh Ji-Su , Moon Seong-Yong , Lee Won-Pyo , Jo Hyoung-Hoon 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
This randomized controlled clinical trial compared the effects of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and concentrated growth factor (CGF) on early bone healing after endodontic microsurgery.

Methods
Eighteen patients with an isolated periapical lesion < 10 mm in the maxillary anterior region were randomly assigned to three groups: control, PRF, or CGF. Endodontic microsurgery was performed and PRF or CGF membranes were placed over the bone defects in the experimental groups. The volume of the bone defect at postoperative one week, three months, and six months was evaluated using cone-beam computed tomography and Mimics software. The results were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test and post-hoc Mann–Whitney U test with Bonferroni correction.

Results
At the three-month follow-up, the PRF and CGF groups showed significantly greater bone healing compared with the control group (p > 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed between the PRF and CGF groups. At the six-month follow-up, no significant differences were observed between the groups.

Conclusions
These results suggested that PRF and CGF promote early bone healing after endodontic microsurgery.
New biomaterials for modern dentistry
Authors: Heboyan Artak , Bennardo Francesco 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWhilst the appropriate assessment criteria for dental biomaterials is debated, there has been an increasing interest in the use of dental biomaterials for oral rehabilitation. Consequently, a variety of new biomaterials have been introduced in dentistry. To address this issue, BMC Oral Health has launched a Collection on “New biomaterials for modern dentistry”.