bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myeloid cell deficiency of the inflammatory transcription factor Stat4 protects long-term synaptic plasticity from the effects of a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet
Authors: Zhang Xiao-lei , Hollander Callie M. , Khan Mohammad Yasir , D’silva Melinee , Ma Haoqin , Yang Xinyuan , Bai Robin , Keeter Coles K. , Galkina Elena V. , Nadler Jerry L. , Stanton Patric K. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNeuroinflammation is associated with neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. The cytokine interleukin-12 activates signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (Stat4), and consumption of a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet (HFD-C) and Stat4 activity are associated with inflammation, atherosclerosis, and a diabetic metabolic phenotype. In studies of in vitro hippocampal slices from control Stat4fl/flLdlr−/− mice fed a HFD-C diabetogenic diet, we show that Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses exhibited larger reductions in activity-dependent, long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic transmission, compared to mice fed a standard diet. Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity shifts produced by HFD-C diet were reduced in Stat4ΔLysMLdlr−/− mice compared to Stat4fl/flLdlr−/− controls. Stat4ΔLysMLdlr−/− mice, which lack Stat4 under control of the LysMCre promoter, were resistant to HFD-C induced impairments in LTP. In contrast, Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses in Stat4ΔLysMLdlr−/− mice fed the HFD-C diet showed larger LTP than control Stat4fl/flLdlr−/− mice. Expression of a number of neuroinflammatory and synaptic plasticity genes was reduced by HFD-C diet in control mice, and less affected by HFD-C diet in Stat4ΔLysMLdlr−/− mice. These data suggest that suppression of Stat4 activation may protect against effects of Western diet on cognition, type 2 diabetes, and reduce risk of Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders associated with neuroinflammation.
Fast functional mapping of ligand-gated ion channels
Authors: Schmauder Ralf , Eick Thomas , Schulz Eckhard , Sammler Günther , Voigt Elmar , Mayer Günter , Ginter Holger , Ditze Günter , Benndorf Klaus 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLigand-gated ion channels are formed by three to five subunits that control the opening of the pore in a cooperative fashion. We developed a microfluidic chip-based technique for studying ion currents and fluorescence signals in either excised membrane patches or whole cells to measure activation and deactivation kinetics of the channels as well as ligand binding and unbinding when using confocal patch-clamp fluorometry. We show how this approach produces in a few seconds either unidirectional concentration-activation relationships at or near equilibrium and, moreover, respective time courses of activation and deactivation for a large number of freely designed steps of the ligand concentration. The short measuring period strongly minimizes the contribution of disturbing superimposing effects such as run-down phenomena and desensitization effects. To validate gating mechanisms, complex kinetic schemes are quantified without the requirement to have data at equilibrium. The new method has potential for functionally analyzing any ligand-gated ion channel and, beyond, also for other receptors.
Multi-omics reveal neuroprotection of Acer truncatum Bunge Seed extract on hypoxic-ischemia encephalopathy rats under high-altitude
Authors: Chen Xianyang , Song Yige , Song Wangting , Han Jiarui , Cao Hongli , Xu Xiao , Li Shujia , Fu Yanmin , Ding Chunguang , Lin Feng , Shi Yuan , Li Jiujun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) at high-altitudes leads to neonatal mortality and long-term neurological complications without effective treatment. Acer truncatum Bunge Seed extract (ASO) is reported to have effect on cognitive improvement, but its molecular mechanisms on HIE are unclear. In this study, ASO administration contributed to reduced neuronal cell edema and improved motor ability in HIE rats at a simulated 4500-meter altitude. Transcriptomics and WGCNA analysis showed genes associated with lipid biosynthesis, redox homeostasis, neuronal growth, and synaptic plasticity regulated in the ASO group. Targeted and untargeted-lipidomics revealed decreased free fatty acids and increased phospholipids with favorable ω-3/ω-6/ω-9 fatty acid ratios, as well as reduced oxidized glycerophospholipids (OxGPs) in the ASO group. Combining multi-omics analysis demonstrated FA to FA-CoA, phospholipids metabolism, and lipid peroxidation were regulated by ASO treatment. Our results illuminated preliminary metabolism mechanism of ASO ingesting in rats, implying ASO administration as potential intervention strategy for HIE under high-altitude.
Harnessing triaryloxonium ions for aryne generation
Authors: Smith Owen , Hindson Madeleine J. , Sreenithya A. , Tataru Viorel , Paton Robert S. , Burton Jonathan W. , Smith Martin D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractArynes are highly reactive and versatile intermediates for the functionalization of aromatic rings that are often generated using strong bases or fluoride sources, which, in some cases, can limit functional group tolerance. Here we demonstrate that triaryloxonium ions can be transformed into arynes through treatment with solid potassium phosphate at room temperature. A substantial range of functional group-bearing arynes, including 4,5-pyrimidynes, may be generated and trapped using cycloaddition reactions with high yields. Other arynophiles including nitrones, alkenes and azides are compatible with these conditions. Quantum computation in conjunction with an intramolecular kinetic isotope study is consistent with an elimination, unimolecular, conjugate base-like mechanism of elimination to form the aryne. These investigations demonstrate that the oxonium ion is a powerful electron-withdrawing group and a particularly effective leaving group. We anticipate that this study will stimulate further investigations into the synthetic utility of aryl oxonium ions.
Infant cries convey both stable and dynamic information about age and identity
Authors: Lockhart-Bouron Marguerite , Anikin Andrey , Pisanski Katarzyna , Corvin Siloé , Cornec Clément , Papet Léo , Levréro Florence , Fauchon Camille , Patural Hugues , Reby David , Mathevon Nicolas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWhat information is encoded in the cries of human babies? While it is widely recognized that cries can encode distress levels, whether cries reliably encode the cause of crying remains disputed. Here, we collected 39201 cries from 24 babies recorded in their homes longitudinally, from 15 days to 3.5 months of age, a database we share publicly for reuse. Based on the parental action that stopped the crying, which matched the parental evaluation of cry cause in 75% of cases, each cry was classified as caused by discomfort, hunger, or isolation. Our analyses show that baby cries provide reliable information about age and identity. Baby voices become more tonal and less shrill with age, while individual acoustic signatures drift throughout the first months of life. In contrast, neither machine learning algorithms nor trained adult listeners can reliably recognize the causes of crying.
Hemodynamics in the Extracorporeal Aortic Cannula: Review of Factors Affecting Choice of the Appropriate Size
Authors: Pfaender Lynn M. 
Published: October 2023

To minimize hemolysis rate and damage to blood due to characteristics of aortic cannulae, critical blood velocity, blood cannula interactions and shear stress ranges for extracorporeal circulation (ECC) must be determined.
At blood flow rates and viscosity levels typically experienced during ECC mean blood velocity, critical blood velocity, shear stress, and kinetic energy are determined in several aortic cannulae, 3-8 mm. Twenty-five percent glycerol is the priming solution.
In ten Fr and twenty-four Fr aortic cannulae at 25°C, the velocity above which flow becomes turbulent occurs at flow rates of 975 ccjmin and 2750 ccjmin respectively. Turbulence within these cannulae occurs at flow rates above 650 ccjmin and 2000 ccjmin at 37°C.
The recommended flow rate for the cannula sizes tested, determined by the average flow rate at each limit studied, resulted in maximum recommended flows of 883, 1283,2134,2899,3840, and 4954 ccjmin for cannulae sizes 3-8 mm respectively.
Blood velocity and shear stress at typical ECC flow rates caused significant turbulence and hemolysis, which must be minimized by the choice of cannulae of the correct size.
The Use of Skin Plethysmography to Monitor Counter-Pulsation by the Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump
Authors: Williams T. G. , Bartoli A. , Woollard K. V. , Makey A. R. 
Published: October 2023

Skin plethysmography was used to monitor counter-pulsation by the intra-aortic balloon pump in 30 patients, 19 of whom came to coronary artery bypass grafting for pre-infarction angina.
Skin plethysmography provided a reliable display of the arterial waveform and permitted correct adjustment of the timing and rate of balloon inflation and exhaust to produce maximum augmentation of the systolic peak pressure and a controlled drop in the end-diastolic pressure. The technique proved simple, safe and without the risks that may be associated with long-term arterial cannulation.
Electrochemical Synthesis of Organoselenium Compounds: A Graphical Review
Authors: Ruan Zhixiong , Hasimujiang Balati 
Published: October 2023

AbstractElectrochemical synthesis, due to its environmentally benign, sustainable, and practical nature, has become an appealing and powerful substitute for traditional methods for oxidizing and reducing organic compounds. Thus, numerous valuable changes have been established in the field of organic synthesis through the utilization of electrochemistry. Among these electrochemical transformations, the formation of C–Se bonds stands out as an exceptionally noteworthy reaction type. In this graphical review, we present a succinct summary of the progress in utilizing electrochemical strategies for synthesizing organoselenium compounds.
The insecurity of doing research and the ‘so what question’ in political science: how to develop more compelling research problems by facing anxiety
Authors: Gustafsson Karl , Hagström Linus 
Published: October 2023

AbstractResearch problems are crucial in the sense that they provide new research with purpose and justification. So why, despite the abundance of guidance available from an extensive methods literature, do graduate students often struggle to develop compelling research problems? This article argues that the process of developing research problems epitomises the insecurity of doing research. We focus in particular on the anxiety that graduate students often seek to avoid or alleviate through a range of counterproductive coping strategies. The existing literature on research problems focuses predominantly on the technical aspects of doing research while neglecting how anxiety might affect the research process. This article seeks to rectify this shortcoming by providing advice on how graduate students can face such anxiety, and how professors can assist them in this endeavour. Drawing on theories about identity and anxiety, the article explains the allure of coping strategies such as gap-filling, while arguing that anxiety is not necessarily a negative emotion to be avoided at all costs, but integral to learning and creativity. It concludes by suggesting that compelling research problems can be constructed through the formulation of narratives that try to embrace anxiety, instead of seeking premature resolutions.
Overview of the Langmuir probe system on the Mega Ampere Spherical Tokamak (MAST) Upgrade
Authors: Ryan P. J. , Elmore S. D. , Harrison J. R. , Lovell J. , Stephen R. 
Published: October 2023

A detailed description of the Langmuir probe system on Mega Ampere Spherical Tokamak Upgrade is presented. The system features 850 tile-embedded probes and 40 bespoke electronic modules that each have the capability to drive and acquire data from up to 16 probes in a time-multiplexed manner. The system provides spatiotemporal-resolved measurements (1 cm and ∼1 ms, respectively) in the divertor region of ion saturation current, electron temperature, and floating potential. The standard interpretation of current-voltage (IV) characteristics is to apply a four-parameter fit, based on unmagnetized probe theory, which includes a linear model for the ion saturation region. To mitigate the effect of the magnetic field, analysis is restricted to the region of the IV characteristic, which is sensitive to only the tail of the electron energy distribution function.
A compact low energy proton source
Authors: Weiser A. , Lanz A. , Hunter E. D. , Simon M. C. , Widmann E. , Murtagh D. J. 
Published: October 2023

A low energy proton source for non-neutral plasma experiments was developed. Electrons from a hot filament ionize H2 gas inside a geometrically compensated Penning trap to produce protons via dissociative ionization. A rotating wall electric field destabilizes the unwanted H2+ and H3+ generated in the process while concentrating protons at the center of the trap. The source produces bunches of protons with relatively low ion contamination (5.5% H2+ and 15.5% H3+), with energy tunable from 35 to 300 eV.
The chlamydia care cascade of young people attending Australian general practices; a descriptive study to assess gaps in care
Authors: Jung J. , Biezen R. , Goller J. L. , Hocking J. , Chondros P. , Manski-Nankervis J. 
Published: October 2023

Background Most chlamydia infections in Australia are diagnosed in general practice. The care cascade concept (testing, treatment and re-testing) can be utilised to explore the management of chlamydia infections. We explored the chlamydia care cascade among young people attending general practices in Australia. Methods We analysed de-identified electronic medical record data for 16–29-year-old individuals attending 70 Australian general practices between January 2018 and December 2020. Five outcomes: (1) chlamydia testing, (2) positivity, (3) treatment, (4) re-testing and (5) re-infection were summarised as annual counts and proportions per calendar year. Logistic regression was used to investigate the association of age, gender and clinic location with each outcome. Results During the study period, a total of 220 909 clinical episodes involving 137 358 16–29-year-olds were recorded. Of these episodes, 10.45% (n = 23 077, 95% CI 8.73–12.46) involved a chlamydia test. Of 1632 chlamydia cases, 88.79% (n = 1449, 95% CI 86.37–90.82) had appropriate antibiotics recorded as defined in Australian sexually transmitted infection management guidelines. Of 183 chlamydia cases that did not have appropriate antibiotics recorded, 46.45% (n = 85) had re-attended the clinic within 90 days of diagnosis. Among 1068 chlamydia cases that had appropriate antibiotic recorded in 2018 and 2019, 22.57% (n = 241, 95% CI 20.15–25.18) were re-tested within 6 weeks to 4 months of their diagnosis. One-third of episodes of chlamydia cases that did not have a re-test recorded (n = 281) had re-attended the clinics within 4 months of diagnosis. Conclusion Our study provides insight into chlamydia management by analysing general practice medical records, indicating substantial gaps in testing and re-testing for 16–29-year-olds. These data can also be used to explore the impact of future interventions to optimise chlamydia management.
Observation of fermionic time-reversal symmetry in acoustic topological metamaterials
Authors: Dong Yibao , Shi Jianbing , Wang Yuanbo , Ding Changlin , Zhao Xiaopeng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In an electronic (fermionic) system, these chiral edge states (CESs) allow inversely polarized carriers to propagate in opposite directions at the edge of the topological insulators, which is related to the time-reversal symmetry (TRS) in fermionic systems. However, in acoustic (bosonic) systems, unlike those exhibited by fermionic systems, since there is no inherent polarization, it is generally believed that the CESs protected by fermionic TRS with independent counter-propagating cannot be supported. Herein, a strategy that achieves the counter-propagating CESs in topological metamaterials with fermionic TRS is reported in a 3D acoustic system. First, we designed a Floquet evolution protocol to incorporate effective fermionic TRS. Furthermore, by utilizing metamaterials, we creatively employ two subwavelength structures, that is, a cavity structure for adjusting the phase shift and a tube structure for providing coupling, which allows the model to be miniaturized. Finally, our experiment verifies the effectiveness of our approach. Our research results enrich the knowledge of topological metamaterials in the field of topological physics and pave the way for exploring fermionic properties in bosonic systems.
Generation of terahertz waves based on nonlinear frequency conversion with double rapid adiabatic passage technique
Authors: Jia Haitao , Chen Zhen , Yu Weixian , Chen Changshui 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this paper, a nonlinear optical cascaded difference frequency generation model based on double rapid adiabatic passage technique is established, and a theoretical scheme for generating THz waves based on the above model is proposed. In this model, when the incident signal laser interacts with a pump laser, the signal laser can be completely converted into the output laser by special processing of the coupling wave equation and making reasonable assumptions. Numerical simulation results show that THz waves with a centre frequency of 260 GHz can be obtained. The maximum quantum conversion efficiency of the signal laser to THz waves is about 43.4%. Under the premise of keeping the wavelength of the pump laser unchanged, the tunable THz waves of 0.26–2.94 THz can be obtained when tuning the wavelength of the signal laser to change in the range of 1.054–1.064 μm. Compared with the scheme using stimulated Raman adiabatic passage technique, the scheme can still generate terahertz waves during the application of a pump laser to two simultaneous difference frequency generation processes, and the intensity of the pump laser can be reduced from Gigawatt level to Megawatt level. This scheme is robust to the temperature variation and provides a new method for generating terahertz wave band for high-speed wireless transmission.
Thermal rectification in mass-asymmetric one-dimensional anharmonic oscillator lattices with and without a ballistic spacer
Authors: Romero-Bastida M , Armando Martínez-Torres Brandon 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this work we perform a systematic analysis of various structural parameters that have influence on the thermal rectification effect, i.e. asymmetrical heat flow, and the negative differential thermal resistance —reduction of the heat flux as the applied thermal bias is increased— present in a one-dimensional, segmented mass-graded system consisting of a coupled nearest-neighbor harmonic oscillator lattice (ballistic spacer) and two diffusive leads (modeled by a substrate potential) attached to the lattice at both boundaries. At variance with previous works, we consider the size of the spacer as smaller than that of the leads. Also considered is the case where the leads are connected along the whole length of the oscillator lattice; that is, in the absence of the ballistic spacer. Upon variation of the system’s parameters it was determined that the performance of the device, as quantified by the spectral properties, is largely enhanced in the absence of the ballistic spacer for the small system-size limit herein considered.
A coal and gangue detection method for low light and dusty environments
Authors: Gao Jihong , Li Bo , Wang Xuewen , Zhang Jie , Wang Luyao 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In practical underground production environments, low light intensity and the presence of dust can disrupt the recognition of coal and gangue. To advance the separation of coal and gangue in underground settings, this paper introduces a coal–gangue recognition approach (DG Module (DGM) + YOLOX-PSB) tailored for conditions of low light intensity and dust. To address the impact of dusty conditions, a preprocessing module (DGM) is proposed. This module employs a dark channel prior dehazing algorithm to mitigate the impact of fog on coal–gangue images. Subsequent steps include white balancing, bilateral filtering, and gamma correction to alleviate noise and distortion issues arising from the dehazing algorithm. To counteract potential drawbacks of the DGM and enhance target recognition accuracy, a polarized self-attention mechanism is integrated during the feature extraction stage to prioritize edge information of coal–gangue targets. By combining the attributes of the weighted bidirectional feature pyramid network, multiple layers of coal–gangue features are efficiently fused to achieve precise identification of coal–gangue targets. Experimental results using a custom dataset demonstrate that the enhanced algorithm outperforms YOLOv3, YOLOv5, YOLOv7-Tiny, and YOLOX, achieving a recognition accuracy of 97.6%, a frames per second rate of 99 and a good smoke concentration robustness. The proposed DGM + YOLOX-PSB serves as a valuable reference for accurate coal and gangue identification in conditions of low light intensity and dust within underground environments.
Low temperature multi-catalytic growth and growth mechanism of carbon nanotubes on carbon fiber surfaces
Authors: Yao Zhiqiang , Xia Anqi , Wang Dongzhi , Wang Chengguo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In order to reduce the etching effect of the catalysts to carbon fibers caused by high temperature during the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process, four multi-element catalysts, Fe–Co, Fe–Ni, Co–Ni and Fe–Co–Ni, were used to realize the low temperature growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on carbon fibers at 350 °C–400 °C. The results show that the growth state of CNTs has a great relationship with the type of catalysts. The catalytic efficiency of Fe–Co catalysts is low, but the graphitization degree of CNTs is relatively high. The Fe–Co–Ni catalysts has high catalytic efficiency but low graphitization degree of CNTs. The tensile strength of carbon fiber/CNTs reinforcements prepared by Fe–Ni catalysts at 400 °C is the highest, reaching 3.99 GPa, which is 11.14% higher than that of desized fiber. The melt drop phenomenon of the catalysts was found by TEM, indicating the formation of the liquid phase catalysts during the growth of CNTs. This phenomenon can change the diffusion mode of carbon atoms in the catalyst and significantly reduce the growth activation energy of CNTs, so that CNTs can grow at lower temperatures. Based on the detailed analysis of the CVD process, a low temperature growth model of CNTs on carbon fibers was proposed.