bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Fully Nonlinear Degenerate Free Transmission Problem
Authors: Huaroto Gerardo , Pimentel Edgard A. , Rampasso Giane C. , Święch Andrzej 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe study a free transmission problem driven by degenerate fully nonlinear operators. Our first result concerns the existence of a viscosity solution to the associated Dirichlet problem. By framing the equation in the context of viscosity inequalities, we prove regularity results for the constructed viscosity solution to the problem. Our findings include regularity in $$ C^{1,\alpha }$$

C

1
,
α

spaces, and an explicit characterization of $$\alpha $$
α
in terms of the degeneracy rates. We argue by perturbation methods, relating our problem to a homogeneous, fully nonlinear uniformly elliptic equation.
Characterizing photopolymer resins for high-temperature vat photopolymerization
Authors: Meenakshisundaram Viswanath , Feller Keyton , Chartrain Nicholas , Long Timothy , Williams Christopher 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe availability of engineering polymers for vat photopolymerization (VP) additive manufacturing is limited. This limitation primarily stems from the inability of standard VP systems to recoat high-viscosity resins (> 3 Pa s). High-temperature vat photopolymerization is a new process-based VP platform that enables processing of viscous photopolymer resins (viscosity > 3 Pa s). Research in this area has been focused on demonstrating expanded access to new polymer families, and studying the effect of printing temperature on mechanical and esthetic performance of printed parts. However, methods to determine the printing temperature that prevents the occurrence of thermally induced polymerization (i.e., thermal stability) in the resin have not been established. In this work, the authors have applied characterization techniques such as thermogravimetric analysis, Rheology and differential scanning calorimetry to determine the printing temperature for processing viscous photopolymer resins. As a case study, the developed characterization techniques are applied to: (1) photopolymer that is solid at room temperature, (2) polymer with viscosity of 21 Pa s at room temperature, and the temperature at which the resins can be printed without triggering thermally induced polymerization is successfully determined. The results of this work will act as a materials’ characterization and process parameter development guide for high-temperature VP systems, thus enabling expansion of VP materials catalogue to engineering materials that were previously unprocessable.
Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) and non-CAUTI hospital-onset urinary tract infections: Relative burden, cost, outcomes and related hospital-onset bacteremia and fungemia infections
Authors: Kelly Timothy , Ai ChinEn , Jung Molly , Yu Kalvin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjective:To describe the relative burden of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) and non-CAUTI hospital-onset urinary tract infections (HOUTIs).Methods:A retrospective observational study of patients from 43 acute-care hospitals was conducted. CAUTI cases were defined as those reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network. Non-CAUTI HOUTI was defined as a positive, non-contaminated, non-commensal culture collected on day 3 or later. All HOUTIs were required to have a new antimicrobial prescribed within 2 days of the first positive urine culture. Outcomes included secondary hospital-onset bacteremia and fungemia (HOB), total hospital costs, length of stay (LOS), readmission risk, and mortality.Results:Of 549,433 admissions, 434 CAUTIs and 3,177 non-CAUTI HOUTIs were observed. The overall rate of HOB likely secondary to HOUTI was 3.7%. Total numbers of secondary HOB were higher in non-CAUTI HOUTIs compared to CAUTI (101 vs 34). HOB secondary to non-CAUTI HOUTI was more likely to originate outside the ICU compared to CAUTI (69.3% vs 44.1%). CAUTI was associated with adjusted incremental total hospital cost and LOS of $9,807 (P < .0001) and 3.01 days (P < .0001) while non-CAUTI HOUTI was associated with adjusted incremental total hospital cost and LOS of $6,874 (P < .0001) and 2.97 days (P < .0001).Conclusion:CAUTI and non-CAUTI HOUTI were associated with deleterious outcomes. Non-CAUTI HOUTI occurred more often and was associated with a higher facility aggregate volume of HOB than CAUTI. Patients at risk for UTIs in the hospital represent a vulnerable population who may benefit from surveillance and prevention efforts, particularly in the non-ICU setting.
The thermophilic sea anemone Telmatactis cricoides (Cnidaria, Hexacorallia) in the western Mediterranean: filling gaps in the knowledge of the distribution
Authors: Martín-Arjona Alejandro , Muñoz-Caballero Anabel , Serrano Alberto , Díaz-Viñolas David , Urra Javier 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Several individuals of the sea anemone Telmatactis cricoides (Duchassaing, 1850) (order Actiniaria) were observed in the Mediterranean continental Spanish coast (Almeria) and the Balearic Islands (Mallorca) showing an expansion of the species, possibly related to rising sea water temperatures. This finding contributes to increase the knowledge on the geographical distribution range of this actiniarian in the Mediterranean basin.
A data-driven kinetic model for opinion dynamics with social network contacts
Authors: Albi Giacomo , Calzola Elisa , Dimarco Giacomo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Opinion dynamics is an important and very active area of research that delves into the complex processes through which individuals form and modify their opinions within a social context. The ability to comprehend and unravel the mechanisms that drive opinion formation is of great significance for predicting a wide range of social phenomena such as political polarisation, the diffusion of misinformation, the formation of public consensus and the emergence of collective behaviours. In this paper, we aim to contribute to that field by introducing a novel mathematical model that specifically accounts for the influence of social media networks on opinion dynamics. With the rise of platforms such as Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram and many others, social networks have become significant arenas where opinions are shared, discussed and potentially altered. To this aim after an analytical construction of our new model and through incorporation of real-life data from Twitter, we calibrate the model parameters to accurately reflect the dynamics that unfold in social media, showing in particular the role played by the so-called influencers in driving individual opinions towards predetermined directions.
Individualism, universalism and climate change
Authors: Douarin Elodie , Hinks Tim 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Is ‘individualism’ pure selfishness? The climate change literature often assumes so. However, individualism can be seen as capturing values aligned with self-determination and self-achievement but also universalism. Indeed, cultural psychology recognises individualism as reflecting both personal agency and one's embeddedness, not in narrowly defined in-groups, but in society broadly. Through this lens, individualism can be consistent with adopting pro-social behaviours, including climate-friendly behaviours. But the under-exploration of the concept means empirical evidence is limited. Using cross-country, cross-sectional data we find that individualistic values are associated with an increased willingness to take individual-level actions against climate change. Individualism is also not associated with less support for additional taxes levied to fight climate change, and those willing to take more individual level actions against climate change are also more supportive of additional climate change taxes. Overall, our results confirm that individualism can be associated with taking actions for the greater good.
Atmospheric deposition of dicamba herbicide can cause injury to sensitive soybean
Authors: Oseland Eric , Bish Mandy , Lerch Robert , Bradley Kevin W. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe herbicide dicamba has injured millions of hectares of sensitive plant species in the United States since 2017. This injury has coincided with the commercialization of dicamba-resistant soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). We quantified atmospheric deposition and mass flux of dicamba in 12 soybean production regions of Missouri. Dicamba was routinely detected in weekly deposition samples collected during agriculturally intensive spray periods. Observed concentrations were indicative of both local (<1 km) and long-distance transport (>1 km) of airborne dicamba. High-deposition events (>100 µg m−2) occurred annually in southeast Missouri, and peak dicamba deposited at these sites (12.5 to 84.0 µg m−2) was sufficient to injure non–dicamba resistant soybean. Adoption rate of dicamba-resistant crops and atmospheric stability explained much of the variance, and it is difficult for a herbicide product label to address these variables. Overall, these results demonstrated that dicamba was commonly deposited from the atmosphere during the growing season, and observed concentrations and fluxes were strongly related to the timing and magnitude of rainfall events and the amount of dicamba usage near collection sites.
Coupling of Long‐Term Trends of Zonal Winds Between the Mesopause and Stratosphere in Southern Winter
Authors: Song Byeong‐Gwon , Song In‐Sun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe examine the relationships between the observed long‐term trends of the zonal wind in the mesopause regions at King Sejong Station (KSS), Antarctica, and wind trends in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) middle atmosphere using the 15‐year data set from KSS meteor radar, Aura MLS and MERRA‐2. During July, significant positive trends of zonal winds appear above z = 90 km and near the stratopause over the KSS, while negative trends exist between the two layers. In the SH winter, the observed mesopause winds correlate positively (negatively) with stratospheric (mesospheric) winds in the polar region, while they exhibit opposite correlations with the low‐latitude winds. The positive mesopause trends of zonal winds near KSS are connected, through the thermal wind relationship, to cooling (warming) trends induced by the upward (downward) trends of residual circulation over the high‐latitude mesosphere and low‐latitude stratosphere (high‐latitude stratosphere), which shows vertical coupling throughout the SH winter middle atmosphere.
THEMIS Observations of Magnetosheath‐Origin Foreshock Ions
Authors: Liu Terry Z. , Angelopoulos Vassilis , Vu Andrew , Zhang Hui , Otto Antonius , Zhang Kun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe ion foreshock, filled with backstreaming foreshock ions, is very dynamic with many transient structures that disturb the bow shock and the magnetosphere‐ionosphere system. It has been shown that foreshock ions can be generated through either solar wind reflection at the bow shock or leakage from the magnetosheath. While solar wind reflection is widely believed to be the dominant generation process, our investigation using Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms mission observations reveals that the relative importance of magnetosheath leakage has been underestimated. We show from case studies that when the magnetosheath ions exhibit field‐aligned anisotropy, a large fraction of them attains sufficient field‐aligned speed to escape upstream, resulting in very high foreshock ion density. The observed foreshock ion density, velocity, phase space density, and distribution function shape are consistent with such an escape or leakage process. Our results suggest that magnetosheath leakage could be a significant contributor to the formation of the ion foreshock. Further characterization of the magnetosheath leakage process is a critical step toward building predictive models of the ion foreshock, a necessary step to better forecast foreshock‐driven space weather effects.
Localized Plasma Density Peak at Middle Latitudes During the April 2023 Geomagnetic Storm
Authors: Yang Yuyan , Liu Libo , Li Wenbo , Chen Yiding , Le Huijun , Zhang Ruilong , Zhao Xiukuan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper conducts a multi‐instrument analysis of a latitudinal plasma density peak at the middle latitudes during the early recovery phase of the April 2023 geomagnetic storm. The total electron content (TEC), peak density of the F layer, and the in situ plasma density from Swarm and Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites all capture this peak feature. This narrow latitudinal peak structure appeared around 50°N and extended from 40°E to 150°E in longitude with a prolonged duration of about 8 hr from sunset to midnight. This mid‐latitude peak reveals a noticeable equatorward motion and a slight westward shift. According to the plasma composition observations from DMSP satellites, this peak structure shows an O+ ions dominance, which means that this peak is more likely to be formed by an internal rather than an external source from the plasmasphere. Meanwhile, the middle latitude Fabry–Perot interferometer (FPI) observed strong equatorward thermospheric winds, and the peak height of the F layer presented a visible elevation, which suggests that the equatorward wind lifting caused the plasma density enhancement. Besides, the O/N2 ratio significantly decreased at lower and middle latitudes, and ion drift observations showed a distinct subauroral westward channel. Based on these simultaneous measurements, this structure's sharp equatorward and poleward boundaries might be related to the O/N2 ratio change and the subauroral polarization stream (SAPS) flow separately.
Estimation of Seismic Attenuation and Gas Hydrate Concentration From Surface Seismic Data at Hydrate Ridge, Cascadia Margin
Authors: Liu Tao , Bao Xueyang , Geng Jianhua , Zhu Xiangyu , Li Anyu , Tian Dongmei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAn improved understanding of the effects of gas hydrate presence on seismic attenuation is important for accurate hydrate characterization and quantification. Based on a rock‐physics model recently presented for gas hydrate‐bearing fine‐grained clay‐dominated sediments, here we establish an integrated workflow for surface seismic data from extracting seismic attenuation to estimating gas hydrate concentration (Ch) in the sediment. We apply this workflow to the high‐resolution seismic data acquired at southern Hydrate Ridge, offshore Oregon, to reveal the hydrate distribution and clarify the controlling factor of hydrate formation. We first present an adaptive‐bandwidth spectral ratio method to robustly measure attenuation. The attenuation measurements show that the presence of hydrate suppresses the attenuation of the host sediment. We then calculate Ch by applying the rock‐physics model to the attenuation measurements. The estimated Ch are mostly low (<5%) in Hydrate Ridge and agrees well with the in‐situ Ch measured from core‐ or well log‐based data. Our result also suggests that the lithology and stratigraphic structures together control the distribution of gas hydrate at Hydrate Ridge, where relatively high Ch is found in the region where a gas‐charged conduit exists and in an anticlinal structure overlying a strong bottom simulating reflection. Adjacent to the anticline, however, a low amount of gas hydrate appears present, possibly due to the gas migration blocked by the anticlinal structure or the lack of gas conduits. Our study offers an effective strategy for detecting and quantifying gas hydrate in fine‐grained clayey sediments through surface seismic data.
Galectin-3 is involved in inflammation and fibrosis in arteriogenic erectile dysfunction via the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway
Authors: Wang Guanbo , Li Ruiyu , Feng Chen , Li Kefan , Liu Shuai , Fu Qiang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGalectin-3 (Gal-3) is a multifunctional protein that has been linked to fibrosis and inflammation in the cardiovascular system. In this study, we examined the impact of Gal-3 on inflammation and fibrosis in patients with arteriogenic erectile dysfunction (A-ED) and the underlying mechanisms involved. To induce arterial injury, we utilized cuffs on the periaqueductal common iliac arteries of Sprague‒Dawley (SD) rats and administered a high-fat diet to co-induce local atherosclerosis. Our results showed that we successfully developed a novel A-ED model that was validated based on histological evidence. In vivo, the vascular lumen of rats subjected to a high-fat diet and cuff placement exhibited significant narrowing, accompanied by the upregulation of Gal-3, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88) expression in the penile cavernosa. This led to the activation of nuclear factor kappa B 65 (NF-κB-p65), resulting in reduced intracavernosal pressure, endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression, and smooth muscle content, promoting inflammation and fibrosis. However, treatment with Gal-3 inhibitor-modified citrus pectin (MCP) significantly normalized those effects. In vitro, knocking down Gal-3 led to a significant reduction in TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB-p65 expression in corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells (CCSMCs), decreasing inflammation levels. In conclusion, inhibiting Gal-3 may improve A-ED by reducing inflammation, endothelial injury, and fibrosis in the penile corpus cavernosum through the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. These findings highlight the potential therapeutic target of Gal-3 in A-ED.
Adaptive tail-length evolution in deer mice is associated with differential Hoxd13 expression in early development
Authors: Kingsley Evan P. , Hager Emily R. , Lassance Jean-Marc , Turner Kyle M. , Harringmeyer Olivia S. , Kirby Christopher , Neugeboren Beverly I. , Hoekstra Hopi E. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractVariation in the size and number of axial segments underlies much of the diversity in animal body plans. Here we investigate the evolutionary, genetic and developmental mechanisms driving tail-length differences between forest and prairie ecotypes of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus). We first show that long-tailed forest mice perform better in an arboreal locomotion assay, consistent with tails being important for balance during climbing. We then identify six genomic regions that contribute to differences in tail length, three of which associate with caudal vertebra length and the other three with vertebra number. For all six loci, the forest allele increases tail length, indicative of the cumulative effect of natural selection. Two of the genomic regions associated with variation in vertebra number contain Hox gene clusters. Of those, we find an allele-specific decrease in Hoxd13 expression in the embryonic tail bud of long-tailed forest mice, consistent with its role in axial elongation. Additionally, we find that forest embryos have more presomitic mesoderm than prairie embryos and that this correlates with an increase in the number of neuromesodermal progenitors, which are modulated by Hox13 paralogues. Together, these results suggest a role for Hoxd13 in the development of natural variation in adaptive morphology on a microevolutionary timescale.
Impact of some amendments on kinetics of leaching dissolved organic carbon and ammonium in calcareous sandy soil under vinasse addition
Authors: Amin Abu El-Eyuoon Abu Zied 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe access of vinasse leachates to water bodies and groundwater exacerbates environmental problems, especially eutrophication. Therefore, a column experiment was performed to examine the effect of adding zeolite (ZL), bone char (BC), and wood chips biochar (WCB) in the presence of vinasse on carbon dioxide (CO2) emission, leaching dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and ammonium (NH4+) in calcareous sandy soil, as well as studying the kinetics of leaching dissolved organic carbon and ammonium. This column experiment contains four treatments: soil alone (CK), soil + zeolite (SZL), soil + bone char (SBC), and soil + wood chips biochar (SWCB). These amendments were applied to the soil at a level of 4%. Vinasse was added to all treatments at a level of 13 mL per column. The leached total cumulative DOC and total cumulative soluble ammonium amounts decreased significantly with applying ZL, BC, and WCB compared with the soil alone. The effectiveness of these amendments in lowering the total cumulative DOC leaching is in the order of SBC > SWCB > SZL > CK. However, the effectiveness of these amendments in decreasing the total cumulative NH4+ leaching is in the order of SZL > SWCB > SBC > CK. The rate constant (k) of DOC leaching decreased significantly with the application of bone char compared to soil alone treatment. In the presence of vinasse, the apparent half-life of leached DOC from the soil was 8.1, 12.9, 36.7, and 15.5 days for soil CK, SZL, SBC, and SWCB treatments, respectively. Half-life values of leached soluble ammonium from the soil in the presence of vinasse addition were 10.1, 39.5, 28.5, and 37.9 days for CK, SZL, SBC, and SWCB treatments, respectively. Amending soil with BC increased significantly the phosphorus availability, however, applying ZL and BC caused a significant increase in the available potassium in calcareous sandy soil compared to the control treatment. According to these results, it is recommended not to add vinasse alone to sandy soils, but it is preferred to be co-applied with BC amendment at the level of 4% better than ZL and WCB. This would decrease leaching DOC and ammonium to the water table and groundwater as well as enhance nutrient retention in the soil, which in turn, plays a vital role in reducing the harmful effect of vinasse and improving soil fertility.
A novel technique to study the solutions of time fractional nonlinear smoking epidemic model
Authors: Pavani K. , Raghavendar K. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe primary goal of the current work is to use a novel technique known as the natural transform decomposition method to approximate an analytical solution for the fractional smoking epidemic model. In the proposed method, fractional derivatives are considered in the Caputo, Caputo–Fabrizio, and Atangana–Baleanu–Caputo senses. An epidemic model is proposed to explain the dynamics of drug use among adults. Smoking is a serious issue everywhere in the world. Notwithstanding the overwhelming evidence against smoking, it is nonetheless a harmful habit that is widespread and accepted in society. The considered nonlinear mathematical model has been successfully used to explain how smoking has changed among people and its effects on public health in a community. The two states of being endemic and disease-free, which are when the disease dies out or persists in a population, have been compared using sensitivity analysis. The proposed technique has been used to solve the model, which consists of five compartmental agents representing various smokers identified, such as potential smokers V, occasional smokers G, smokers T, temporarily quitters O, and permanently quitters W. The results of the suggested method are contrasted with those of existing numerical methods. Finally, some numerical findings that illustrate the tables and figures are shown. The outcomes show that the proposed method is efficient and effective.