bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Hawthorn Flavonoids on Intestinal Microbial Community and Metabolic Phenotype in Obese Rats
Authors: Bi Yu , Lv Chang , Zhu Juanjuan , Zhou Qiao , Xu Xiaoxiao , Yang Shuo , Shi Dianhua , Zhou Qian , Dai Yanpeng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObesity (OB) is a prevalent metabolic disorder. With the advancement of the economy, the prevention and treatment of obesity is a big problem for the global community. The methods to lose weight include exercise, diet, medicine, and surgery. Compared with other methods, diet regulation is safer and more effective. Hawthorn fruit has the effect of reducing weight, but the mechanism of effectiveness are not clear. In this study, obesity model rats are used to conduct scientific pharmacological research on hawthorn flavonoids. Hawthorn flavonoids can effectively improve the body weight, lipid accumulation, and lipid levels of obese rats. The contents of the colon of rats are analyzed using 16S rDNA sequencing technology. The intestinal microflora in obese rats changed significantly after flavonoids treatment, and they tended to be the control group. Based on liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry, serum metabolomics showed that the metabolites in the serum changed significantly, after hawthorn flavonoids treatment. Hawthorn flavonoids are especially involved in the biological processes of grade bile acid biosynthesis, histidine metabolism, and lipid metabolism. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the disorder of intestinal microorganisms is connected to changes in serum metabolites. These findings give a new idea about how hawthorn flavonoids help with obesity.
Earth‐Abundant Fe‐Mn‐Based Compound Cathodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Challenges and Progress
Authors: Peng Bo , Zhou Zihao , Shi Ji , Huang Xing , Li Yongtao , Ma Lianbo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) with high energy/power density and low‐cost characteristics are deemed to be one of the best replacements to lithium‐ion batteries for utilizing in large‐scale electric energy storage (EES) devices. Fe‐Mn‐based cathode materials take the leading position in realizing high‐performance SIBs because of their high capacity, environment‐friendly, earth abundant, and low‐cost features, exhibiting huge commercial potential. However, the energy density and cyclic stability are still limited so far, considering the increasing demands for practical applications. In this review, aiming to better understanding the research level and currently existed sore points, the research progress is overviewed for several types of Fe‐Mn‐based cathode materials, including layered oxides, polyanionic compounds and Prussian blue analogues, and refine the electrochemical storage mechanism and structure–performance relationship. Finally, the representative electrochemical performances of these three kinds of cathode materials is summarized, compare the advantages and disadvantages of various materials, point out the existing key scientific problems of these materials, and propose the direction of development in near future. This review makes a thoroughly understanding for Fe‐Mn‐based cathode materials, providing new guidance for future research on SIBs toward real‐world applications.
Dynamic Time‐Dependent Emission in Solution and Stable Dual Emission in Solid Matrix Exhibited by a Single‐Component Fluorescence System
Authors: Chen Dengli , Bao Cheng , Zhang Liangliang , Zhang Qiaona , Wu Zhiyin , Li Zheng‐Yi , Sun Xiao‐Qiang , Wang Leyong , Xiao Tangxin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOrganic luminescent materials with time‐dependent emission colors show promising applications in the fields of chemical sensing, high‐resolution bioimaging, and high‐security information encryption. Herein a time‐dependent fluorescence system based on a spirocyclic scaffold‐bridged cyanostilbene dimer (SDCS) as the single component in a mixed CH3CN/H2O solvent is presented. Specifically, the original orange‐emitting nanoparticles prepared from SDCS by reprecipitation can transform into green‐emitting nanosheets over time driven by supramolecular self‐assembly. It is worth noting that such a transformation rate can be controlled by tuning the water fraction. Based on these unique properties, fluorescent binary codes are developed, enabling time‐dependent information encryption with a higher level of security. Moreover, the dual color can be individually fixed by solid matrices such as hydrogel or powder. The obtained luminescent powders are successfully used in two‐color fluorescence imaging of latent fingerprints. This work demonstrates the use of a supramolecular strategy to control multiple emissions in a single‐component system for multifunctional applications.
Unraveling and Harnessing the Immune Response at the Cell–Biomaterial Interface for Tissue Engineering Purposes
Authors: ten Brink Tim , Damanik Febriyani , Rotmans Joris I. , Moroni Lorenzo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBiomaterials are defined as “engineered materials” and include a range of natural and synthetic products, designed for their introduction into and interaction with living tissues. Biomaterials are considered prominent tools in regenerative medicine that support the restoration of tissue defects and retain physiologic functionality. Although commonly used in the medical field, these constructs are inherently foreign toward the host and induce an immune response at the material–tissue interface, defined as the foreign body response (FBR). A strong connection between the foreign body response and tissue regeneration is suggested, in which an appropriate amount of immune response and macrophage polarization is necessary to trigger autologous tissue formation. Recent developments in this field have led to the characterization of immunomodulatory traits that optimizes bioactivity, the integration of biomaterials and determines the fate of tissue regeneration. This review addresses a variety of aspects that are involved in steering the inflammatory response, including immune cell interactions, physical characteristics, biochemical cues, and metabolomics. Harnessing the advancing knowledge of the FBR allows for the optimization of biomaterial‐based implants, aiming to prevent damage of the implant, improve natural regeneration, and provide the tools for an efficient and successful in vivo implantation.
Metal‐Organic Framework‐Based Nanomedicines for Ferroptotic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Song Yue , Xu Xinran , Wang Zheng , Zhao Yanjun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAs an iron‐dependent, non‐apoptosis, regulated cell death (RCD) modality, ferroptosis has gained growing attention for cancer therapy. With the development of nanomaterials in the biomedical field, ferroptotic cancer nanomedicine is extensively investigated. Amongst various nanomaterials, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are hybridized porous materials consisting of metal ions or clusters bridged by organic linkers. The superior properties of MOFs, such as high porosity and cargo loading, ease of surface modification, and good biocompatibility, make them appealing in inducing or sensitizing ferroptotic cell death. There are remarkable achievements in the field of MOF‐based ferroptosis cancer therapy. However, this topic is not reviewed. This review will introduce the fundamentals of MOF and ferroptosis machinery, summarize the recent progress of MOF‐based ferroptotic anticancer drug delivery, discuss the benefits and problems of MOFs as vehicles and sensitizers for cancer ferroptosis, and provide the perspective on future research direction on this promising field.
Visible‐Light‐Driven Cyclizations
Authors: Oueis Emilia , Elkadi Mirella , Rios Ramon 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn recent years, the interest to develop cyclizations promoted by visible light has been gaining a lot of attention due to its sustainability aspect. In this review, we summarize the most important advances in this period by describing the methods used to generate different ring sizes, while focusing on the mechanistic details of these reactions.
Catalytic Metal‐Gated Nano‐Sheet Field Effect Transistor and Nano‐Sheet Tunnel Field Effect Transistor Based Hydrogen Gas Sensor‐ A Design Perspective
Authors: Bansal Geetika , Tiwari Aditya , Majumdar Budhaditya , Mukhopadhyay Subhas C. , Kanungo Sayan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this work, for the first time, the catalytic metal gate (CMG) based nanosheet Field Effect Transistor (NSFET) and nanosheet Tunnel Field Effect Transistor (NSTFET) are proposed for nano‐scale device dimensions, and the different design aspects of catalytic metal gate (CMG)‐based transduction for Hydrogen (H2) sensing are extensively investigated using numerical device simulation. The influence of applied biasing conditions and structural parameter specifications on the sensing performance of CMG‐NSFET and CMG‐NSTFET are methodically analyzed from device electrostatics and carrier transport mechanisms. Furthermore, the relative maximum sensitivity variations with H2‐partial pressure, ambient temperature, and the presence of ambient Oxygen are comprehensively studied. The study reveals that compared to CMG‐NSFET, the CMG‐NSTFET demonstrates a high immunity against bias and doping variations, with a notably higher (> 50%) sensitivity within low H2partial pressures (10−15– 10−10 Torr). Next, the sensing performance of CMG‐NSTFET is systematically optimized through a band‐gap and gate‐stack engineering approach, leading to a 180% to 650% sensitivity improvement from lower (10−15 Torr) to higher (10−5 Torr) range of H2partial pressure. Finally, the performance of optimized CMG‐NSFET and CMG‐NSTFET are extensively benchmarked against other reported nanostructured CMG‐FET and TFET‐based H2gas sensors, exhibiting a notably higher sensitivity in the proposed sensors.
A High‐Capacity and High‐Voltage Aqueous Zn‐Polymer Battery with Self‐Charging Function
Authors: Xu Qiuju , Zhang Xinxin , Yuan Xiangcheng , Zhang Weixuan , Li Yiqing , Zhang Yuegang , Liu Jinzhang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOrganic electrodes in aqueous batteries rely on electrochemical redox reactions for charge and discharge. The organic cathode at a discharged state can be spontaneously oxidized when exposed to air, which facilitates the development of air‐charging batteries. However, polymer cathodes in aqueous rechargeable Zn‐ion batteries (ARZIBs) generally show low discharge median voltage below 1 V. Herein, a new polymer cathode is reported that is prepared by electrodepositing poly(4‐hydroxydiphenylamine, HDPA) onto mesoporous activated carbon and shows a relatively high discharge voltage plateau at ≈1.1 V when coupled with a Zn anode. Its self‐charging performances at different conditions are investigated. Also, a high areal capacity of 3.8 mAh cm−2 of the cathode is achieved. The poly(4‐HDPA) contains both amino and carbonyl groups, and the carbonyl group is found to be fully responsible for redox reaction. Further investigation suggests that both Zn2+ and H+ in the ZnSO4 electrolyte participate in the charge storage process, and the H+ plays a dominant role. The air‐charging mechanism of this polymer cathode is elucidated both experimentally and theoretically. To demonstrate the practical applications, prototypes of box‐shaped battery pack are air‐charged to either drive a mini electric fan or light up LEDs.
Dynamic Shape Change of Liquid Crystal Polymer Based on An Order‐Order Phase Transition
Authors: Yang Rong , Wang Yahui , Yao Hongjing , Li Yanqing , Chen Li , Zhao Yue , Wang Yu‐Zhong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLiquid crystal actuators conventionally undergo shape changes across an order‐disorder phase transition between liquid crystal (LC) and isotropic phases. In this study, we introduce an innovative Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP) actuator harnessing an order‐order LC phase transition mechanism. The LCP film is easily stretchable within the LC phase, facilitated by the π–π stacking of phenyl groups serving as robust physical crosslinking points, and thereby transforms to a stable monodomain structure. The resultant monodomain LCP actuator shows a distinctive reversible dynamic shape change, exhibiting extension followed by contraction along the LC director on cooling. The extension is propelled by the reversible smectic C to smectic A phase transition, and the contraction is attributed to the re‐entry to the smectic C phase from smectic A phase. Thermal annealing temperature determines this peculiar dynamic shape change, which occurs during both heating and cooling processes. This pivotal attribute finds manifestation in gripper and flower‐shaped actuators, adeptly executing grabbing and releasing as well as blooming and closure motions within a single thermal stimulation. In essence, our study introduces an innovative approach to the realm of LCP actuators, ushering in a new avenue for the design and fabrication of versatile and dynamically responsive LCP actuators.
Massive Molecular Motion in Crystal Leads to an Unexpected Helical Covalent Polymer in a Solid‐state Polymerization
Authors: Khazeber Ravichandran , Kana Gautham S. , Sureshan Kana M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe designed a proline‐derived monomer with azide and alkene functional groups to enable topochemical ene‐azide cycloaddition (TEAC) polymerization. In its crystal, the monomer forms supramolecular helices along the ‘a’ axis through various non‐covalent interactions. Along the ‘c’ axis, the molecules arrange themselves head‐to‐tail in a wave‐like pattern, positioning the azide and alkene groups of adjacent molecules in close proximity and anti‐parallel orientation, complying with Schmidt's criteria for topochemical reaction. This prearranged configuration was expected to facilitate smooth topochemical polymerization, resulting in a 1,4‐triazoline‐linked polymer. Upon heating, the monomer underwent TEAC polymerization in a remarkable single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal fashion, but, to our surprise, it yielded an unexpected covalent helical polymer linked by 1,5‐disubstituted triazoline units. Remarkably, the crystal avoids the ready‐to‐react arrangement for polymerization, but connects monomer molecules within the supramolecular helix through the cycloaddition of azide and alkene groups, even though they are not in close proximity nor in the expected orientation. This unexpected path, involving a substantial 134° rotation of the alkene group, yields hitherto unknown 1,5‐disubstituted triazoline product regiospecifically. This study serves as a cautionary reminder that relying solely on topochemical postulates for predicting reactivity can sometimes be misleading.
Design of 3D‐Printed Heterogeneous Reactor Systems To Overcome Incompatibility Hurdles when Combining Metal and Enzyme Catalysis in a One‐Pot Process
Authors: Salitra Nadiya , Gurauskis Jonas , Gröger Harald 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCombining chemo‐ and biocatalysis enables the design of novel economic and sustainable one‐pot processes for the preparation of industrial chemicals, preferably proceeding in water. While a range of proofs‐of‐concept for the compatibility of such catalysts from these two different “worlds of catalysis” have recently been demonstrated, merging noncompatible chemo‐ and biocatalysts for joint applications within one reactor remained a challenge. A conceptual solution is compartmentalization of the catalytic moieties by heterogenization of critical catalyst components, thus “shielding” them from the complementary noncompatible catalyst, substrate or reagent. Exemplified for a one‐pot process consisting of a metal‐catalyzed Wacker oxidation and enzymatic reduction as noncompatible individual reactions steps, we demonstrate that making use of 3D printing of heterogeneous materials containing Cu as a critical metal component can overcome such incompatibility hurdles. The application of a 3D‐printed Cu‐ceramic device as metal catalyst component allows an efficient combination with the enzyme and the desired two‐step transformation of styrene into the chiral alcohol product with high overall conversion and excellent enantioselectivity. This compartmentalization concept based on 3D printing of heterogenized metal catalysts represents a scalable methodology and opens up numerous perspectives to be used as a general tool also for other related chemoenzymatic research challenges.
A study on the performance of a swirling–straight composite nozzle
Authors: Yu Dongxing , Li Shuchao , Zhang Jun , Wang Ning , Ling Zongyu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe nozzle is the key component of water mist fire extinguishing system. As a response to the problems of small injection angle associated with straight jet nozzles and the weak axial momentum of swirl nozzles, a swirling–straight composite nozzle is designed in this work. The comparison with a straight jet nozzle and a pressure swirl nozzle shows that the swirling–straight composite nozzle has a larger axial momentum and better injection angle. Under the same pressure, the volume flow of the swirling–straight composite nozzle is more than 27% of the pressure swirl nozzle, and the injection angle was more than 65% of straight jet nozzle. The numerical model of the swirling–straight composite nozzle is established. Meantime, the internal flow field characteristics and the influence of the straight jet aperture on the performance are studied. The results demonstrate that the straight jet fluid and swirling fluid can be mixed well in the nozzle, and a larger axial momentum and tangential momentum can be obtained. With the increase of the straight jet aperture, the swirl effect in the nozzle becomes weaker, the injection angle becomes smaller, and the axial momentum improves. When the straight jet aperture increases from 1.1 to 1.9 mm, the straight jet volume flow at the nozzle inlet increases by 127%, and the injection angle reduces by 40%.
Study on characteristics and mechanism of re‐entrainment in intake filtration components of the gas turbine
Authors: Fei Yunda , Wang Jianhua , Liu Yanming , Sun Shijun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAiming at the problem that the droplet re‐entrainment in the intake filtration components affects the gas intake quality and the safe operation of gas turbines, the characteristics and mechanism of the re‐entrainment in a marine double‐hook inertial stage filter are studied, and the distribution of liquid film and re‐entrainment under different inlet air velocities and droplet size distributions are compared. The results show that, due to the influence of inertia and turbulent dispersion, droplets tend to deposit on draining hooks and the lower surface of the leeward side of the blade to form a liquid film. Film stripping is the main form of re‐entrainment under ship‐driving conditions. Due to the high airflow velocity and the large film thickness, hook peaks are the most prone to film stripping, and the critical airflow for film stripping velocity is 14.8 m/s. With the increase of the inlet air velocity, the film thickness at the draining hooks increased first and then decreased, and the film stripping positions were extended from the hook peaks to the rear. Different droplet size distributions mainly affect the liquid film thickness at the draining hook and leeward side of the blade, which in turn affects the film stripping mass.
What's in your PIE? Understanding the contents of personalized information environments with PIEGraph
Authors: Freelon Deen , Pruden Meredith L. , Malmer Daniel , Wu Qunfang , Xia Yiping , Johnson Daniel , Chen Emily , Crist Andrew 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSocial media have long been studied from platform‐centric perspectives, which entail sampling messages based on criteria such as keywords and specific accounts. In contrast, user‐centric approaches attempt to reconstruct the personalized information environments users create for themselves. Most user‐centric studies analyze what users have accessed directly through browsers (e.g., through clicks) rather than what they may have seen in their social media feeds. This study introduces a data collection system of our own design called PIEGraph that links survey data with posts collected from participants' personalized X (formerly known as Twitter) timelines. Thus, in contrast with previous research, our data include much more than what users decide to click on. We measure the total amount of data in our participants' respective feeds and conduct descriptive and inferential analyses of three other quantities of interest: political content, ideological skew, and fact quality ratings. Our results are relevant to ongoing debates about digital echo chambers, misinformation, and conspiracy theories; and our general methodological approach could be applied to social media beyond X/Twitter contingent on data availability.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Cyclization/Alkenylation of Ynone Oximes with Vinylsilanes for the Assembly of Isoxazolyl Vinylsilanes
Authors: Li Jianxiao , Hong Chenjing , Niu Yanan , Wang Bowen , Jiang Huanfeng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA palladium‐catalyzed cascade cyclization/alkenylation for the assembly of synthetically valuable isoxazolyl vinylsilane derivative has been accomplished. Easily accessible ynone oximes, and available vinylsilane agents were used as the reaction starting materials This protocol features broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, and good step‐ and atom‐economy. Remarkably, this approach provides a new approach for the construction of structurally diverse isoxazolyl‐containing vinylsilanes with high molecular complexity, showing a promising application in synthetic and pharmaceutical chemistry.
Heterogeneous hydroxylation optimization of epoxidized soybean oil using a sustainable route for the production of sustainable polyols
Authors: Gallego Diego , Arias Sandra , Calviño Rebeca , Quintana Sara , Corral‐Escudero Adrián , Limones‐Herrero Daniel , Sánchez Marcos , Noguerol Rosalía 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to provide a study of the hydroxylation reaction optimization of epoxidized soybean oil using a mathematical model based on surface response methodology. The variables were selected based on previous studies of the reaction. The three most influential factors are the time, the methanol ratio, and the catalyst ratio. Potentiometric characterization of the hydroxyl index allowed the influence of these factors and their interactions to be measured. It was possible to quantify these influences using multivariate regression. The results show that the three selected factors influenced the reaction yield positively; however, there were some interactions, such as an interaction between time and methanol and the interaction between time and catalyst, which had a negligible influence. The coefficients of the formulas used to construct the mathematical model were obtained from the influence values. The model was able to predict the optimum variable levels for an acceptable reaction yield efficiently and accurately. These levels were: time 244.4 min; methanol:oil ratio 1:4, and catalyst percentage 15.34%. The characterization of the hydroxylated oil product was carried out using Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) and carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C‐NMR) spectroscopy.