bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid cubic and hyperbolic b-spline collocation methods for solving fractional Painlevé and Bagley-Torvik equations in the Conformable, Caputo and Caputo-Fabrizio fractional derivatives
Authors: Barzehkar Nahid , Jalilian Reza , Barati Ali 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we approximate the solution of fractional Painlevé and Bagley-Torvik equations in the Conformable (Co), Caputo (C), and Caputo-Fabrizio (CF) fractional derivatives using hybrid hyperbolic and cubic B-spline collocation methods, which is an extension of the third-degree B-spline function with more smoothness. The hybrid B-spline function is flexible and produces a system of band matrices that can be solved with little computational effort. In this method, three parameters m, η, and λ play an important role in producing accurate results. The proposed methods reduce to the system of linear or nonlinear algebraic equations. The stability and convergence analysis of the methods have been discussed. The numerical examples are presented to illustrate the applications of the methods and compare the computed results with those obtained using other methods.
Integrated meta-omics reveals the regulatory landscape involved in lipid metabolism between pig breeds
Authors: Sun Jiajie , Xie Fang , Wang Jing , Luo Junyi , Chen Ting , Jiang Qingyan , Xi Qianyun , Liu George E. , Zhang Yongliang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Domesticated pigs serve as an ideal animal model for biomedical research and also provide the majority of meat for human consumption in China. Porcine intramuscular fat content associates with human health and diseases and is essential in pork quality. The molecular mechanisms controlling lipid metabolism and intramuscular fat accretion across tissues in pigs, and how these changes in response to pig breeds, remain largely unknown.

Results
We surveyed the tissue-resident cell types of the porcine jejunum, colon, liver, and longissimus dorsi muscle between Lantang and Landrace breeds by single-cell RNA sequencing. Combining lipidomics and metagenomics approaches, we also characterized gene signatures and determined key discriminating markers of lipid digestibility, absorption, conversion, and deposition across tissues in two pig breeds. In Landrace, lean-meat swine mainly exhibited breed-specific advantages in lipid absorption and oxidation for energy supply in small and large intestinal epitheliums, nascent high-density lipoprotein synthesis for reverse cholesterol transport in enterocytes and hepatocytes, bile acid formation, and secretion for fat emulsification in hepatocytes, as well as intestinal-microbiota gene expression involved in lipid accumulation product. In Lantang, obese-meat swine showed a higher synthesis capacity of chylomicrons responsible for high serum triacylglycerol levels in small intestinal epitheliums, the predominant characteristics of lipid absorption in muscle tissue, and greater intramuscular adipcytogenesis potentials from muscular fibro-adipogenic progenitor subpopulation.

Conclusions
The findings enhanced our understanding of the cellular biology of lipid metabolism and opened new avenues to improve animal production and human diseases.
CT whole lung radiomic nomogram: a potential biomarker for lung function evaluation and identification of COPD
Authors: Zhou Tao-Hu , Zhou Xiu-Xiu , Ni Jiong , Ma Yan-Qing , Xu Fang-Yi , Fan Bing , Guan Yu , Jiang Xin-Ang , Lin Xiao-Qing , Li Jie , Xia Yi , Wang Xiang , Wang Yun , Huang Wen-Jun , Tu Wen-Ting , Dong Peng , Li Zhao-Bin , Liu Shi-Yuan , Fan Li 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Computed tomography (CT) plays a great role in characterizing and quantifying changes in lung structure and function of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study aimed to explore the performance of CT-based whole lung radiomic in discriminating COPD patients and non-COPD patients.

Methods
This retrospective study was performed on 2785 patients who underwent pulmonary function examination in 5 hospitals and were divided into non-COPD group and COPD group. The radiomic features of the whole lung volume were extracted. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression was applied for feature selection and radiomic signature construction. A radiomic nomogram was established by combining the radiomic score and clinical factors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the predictive performance of the radiomic nomogram in the training, internal validation, and independent external validation cohorts.

Results
Eighteen radiomic features were collected from the whole lung volume to construct a radiomic model. The area under the curve (AUC) of the radiomic model in the training, internal, and independent external validation cohorts were 0.888 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.869–0.906], 0.874 (95%CI 0.844–0.904) and 0.846 (95%CI 0.822–0.870), respectively. All were higher than the clinical model (AUC were 0.732, 0.714, and 0.777, respectively, P < 0.001). DCA demonstrated that the nomogram constructed by combining radiomic score, age, sex, height, and smoking status was superior to the clinical factor model.

Conclusions
The intuitive nomogram constructed by CT-based whole-lung radiomic has shown good performance and high accuracy in identifying COPD in this multicenter study.
A smartphone application to reduce problematic drinking: a feasibility trial
Authors: Lukas Christian Aljoscha , Blechert Jens , Berking Matthias 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Problematic drinking is common among college students and associated with various somatic and mental health problems. Given significant evidence for the efficacy of smartphone-based interventions and the frequent use of smartphones among college students, it can be assumed that such interventions have great potential to facilitate access to evidence-based interventions for students suffering from problematic drinking. Thus, we developed a brief intervention that combined a counseling session with an app that utilizes approach-avoidance modification training to reduce alcohol consumption.

Methods
To test the feasibility and explore the potential efficacy of the intervention, we conducted a before-after single-arm study with N = 11 participants reportedly engaging in problematic drinking, who were instructed to practice with the app for 14 days. Feasibility was assessed with the System Usability Scale (SUS). Outcomes included the reduction of self-reported problematic drinking behavior, dysfunctional attitudes about alcohol, and craving, as well as implicit associations between alcohol and self during the training period. Additionally, self-reported problematic drinking behavior was assessed at a 4-week follow-up.

Results
On average, participants rated app usability on the SUS (possible range: 0 to 100) with M = 84.32 (SD = 6.53). With regard to efficacy, participants reported a significant reduction of problematic drinking behavior (dpre vs. post = 0.91) which was sustained at follow-up (dfollow-up vs. baseline = 1.07). Additionally, participants reported a significant reduction of dysfunctional attitudes about alcohol (dpre vs. post = 1.48). Results revealed no significant changes in craving nor in implicit associations regarding alcohol.

Conclusions
Findings from this feasibility study provide preliminary evidence that smartphone-based interventions might help reduce problematic drinking in college students. Further research needs to replicate these findings with larger samples in randomized controlled trials.

Trial registration
DRKS00014675 (retrospectively registered).
Study on deep learning-based detection of viable cell count in dialysis fluid images
Authors: Kawasaki Michihiro , Shimozawa Toshiki , Suzuki Satoshi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background and aims
Control of dialysate fluid quality is critical to secure the safety of dialysis treatment. The number of colonies is manually counted when determining viable cell count in dialysis fluid, but errors and subjective interpretation on the part of the measurer can be problematic. This prompted us to examine the potential for using deep learning to detect viable cells and count their numbers.

Methods
In this study we prepared 5360 images for detecting viable cell count and classified them into four categories using the VGG-16 model. These images were resized to 224 × 224 px; 90% of them were used for learning, and 10% were used for validation. In an alternative approach, we also created 110 annotated images from images to detect viable cell count in dialysis fluid and subjected them to learning using the YOLOv5 model.

Results
VGG-model had a detection accuracy using the test data was 43%. YOLOv5 model had a mAP (Mean Average Precision) was 0.842. The detection accuracy using the test data was 90%.

Conclusions
The method using the VGG-16 model had problems with overfitting, suggesting that the model was not sufficiently expressive. The detection of viable cells using the YOLOv5 model showed high accuracy.
How patients with insomnia interpret and respond to the consensus sleep diary: a cognitive interview study
Authors: Bini Christina , Hjelm Carina , Hellström Amanda , Årestedt Kristofer , Broström Anders , Sandlund Christina 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objective/Background
The Consensus Sleep Diary (CSD) is widely used to assess subjective sleep. Psychometric evaluations and focus-groups support its validity and clinical usefulness, but further research into its validity is needed. The aim of the study was to evaluate a Swedish translation of the CSD regarding test content and response processes in patients with insomnia.

Patients/Methods
In connection with translating the CSD into Swedish, we used cognitive interviewing to evaluate test content and the response process, that is, how people make decisions when responding to survey items. Cognitive interviews were conducted with 13 primary health care patients with insomnia disorder (mean age, 49 years; SD 15.5). Iterative, reparative analysis was used to investigate test content. Descriptive deductive analysis was used to investigate interview transcripts for the themes of the cognitive model: comprehension, retrieval, decision process, and judgement. Together, the themes explain the response process when responding to a patient-reported outcome measure.

Results
The overall comprehension of the CSD could be affected by poor adherence to the instructions (comprehension). Patients had difficulty with recall if they did not complete the diary immediately in the morning and just before bedtime (retrieval). They could have problems deciding how to respond to certain items because they imbued sleep-related concepts with extra meaning (decision process), and had trouble finding response alternatives nuanced enough to describe their experience of sleep and tiredness (judgement).

Conclusions
This study contributes knowledge on how the instrument is perceived and used by care-seeking patients with insomnia. In this context, the CSD exhibits known flaws such as memory lapses if the diary is not filled in directly in the morning. To increase the accuracy of patients’ responses, therapists should support patients in reading the instructions.
New-onset seizures misdiagnosed as psychogenic non-epileptic seizures: a case of paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis with primary testicular cancer
Authors: Rivas Axel , Levine Daniel , Nichols Cory , Merritt Mckenzie , Janda Paul , Vickers Aroucha 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Behavioral psychiatric symptoms can be the only warning signs of more serious conditions such as paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis. Differentiating between primary psychiatric disorders and paraneoplastic neurological syndromes is crucial as they require distinct treatment approaches. In this case report, we provide an overview of paraneoplastic encephalitis and introduce a unique case that showcases a misdiagnosis of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) in a male as the primary symptom of paraneoplastic encephalitis due to pure seminoma. This case highlights the underlying pathophysiology of antibody-mediated paraneoplastic encephalitis and its significance.

Case presentation
A 31-year-old male with no known past medical history presented due to recurrent seizures. There was no prior history of epilepsy or exposure to seizure-triggering agents. Imaging and electroencephalogram findings during his initial hospitalizations pointed to a potential diagnosis of PNES. The patient continued to experience seizures following discharge, leading to repeat hospitalizations. During the fourth hospitalization, the patient received mood-stabilizing anti-seizure medications and benzodiazepines, but he deteriorated and required intubation. It was during this time that the patient was transferred to our facility. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed multifocal areas of hyperintensity and restricted diffusion with avid enhancement. Immunotherapy was initiated with improvement of non-epileptic spells and encephalopathy. Outpatient workup uncovered malignant pure seminoma with metastases to the retroperitoneum. The authors theorize that paraneoplastic neurological disorders stemming from testicular cancer led to the neurological symptoms seen in this case.

Conclusion
This report highlights a rare occurrence of paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis associated with pure testicular seminoma, clinically manifested as PNES. The diagnostic challenge posed by variability of presenting symptoms in paraneoplastic encephalitis emphasizes the importance of accurate differentiation from conditions such as autoimmune encephalitis. Current diagnostic approaches for paraneoplastic and autoimmune etiologies involve detection of known antibodies, as well as brain imaging. Notable antibodies associated with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures symptoms include anti-GAD-65, anti-Ma2, KLH11-antibodies, anti-Hu, and NMDA receptor antibodies. Recognizing paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis symptoms is challenging and often leads to misdiagnosis or overlooking of malignancies highlighting the need for awareness, comprehensive evaluation and timely treatment. Through this comprehensive case analysis, we enhance the understanding of underlying mechanisms, associated symptoms, and treatment options.
GhWDL3 is involved in the formation and development of fiber cell morphology in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
Authors: Chen Baojun , Tian Zailong , Fu Guoyong , Zhang Ai , Sun Yaru , Wang Jingjing , Pan Zhaoe , Li Hongge , Hu Daowu , Xia Yingying , He Shoupu , Du Xiongming 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Cotton fiber is a model tissue for studying microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). The Xklp2 (TPX2) proteins that belong to the novel MAPs member mainly participate in the formation and development of microtubule (MT). However, there is a lack of studies concerning the systematic characterization of the TPX2 genes family in cotton. Therefore, the identification and portrayal of G. hirsutum TPX2 genes can provide key targets for molecular manipulation in the breeding of cotton fiber improvement.

Result
In this study, TPX2 family genes were classified into two distinct subclasses TPXLs and MAP genes WAVE DAMPENED2-LIKE (WDLs) and quite conservative in quantity. GhWDL3 was significantly up-regulated in 15 days post anthesis fibers of ZRI-015 (an upland cotton with longer and stronger fiber). GhWDL3 promotes all stem hairs to become straight when overexpressed in Arabidopsis, which may indirectly regulate cotton fiber cell morphology during fiber development. Virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) results showed that GhWDL3 inhibited fiber cell elongation at fiber development periods through regulating the expression of cell wall related genes.

Conclusion
These results reveal that GhWDL3 regulated cotton fiber cell elongation and provide crucial information for the further investigation in the regulatory mechanisms/networks of cotton fiber length.
Egyptian evidence-based consensus on clinical practice recommendations for the management of systemic sclerosis
Authors: El Miedany Yasser , El Hadidi Khaled , El Menyawi Manal Mohamed , El Gaafary Maha , Abdel-Nasser Ahmed , Abdel Azim Atef , Hassan Waleed , Mortada Mohamed , Tabra Samar Abd Alhamed , Saber Sally , Amer Ibrahim , Shaker Engi Seif E. , Maria Dina , Abu-Zaid Mohamed Hassan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
This work aims to develop clinical practice recommendations for the management of systemic sclerosis (SSc).

Results
Fourteen expert panels had completed the two rounds of surveys. After the end of round 2, recommendations were released and distributed on 11 domains. The percentage of the agreement on the recommendations was 92.3% to 100%. All 11 key questions were answered at the end of the second round with agreement.

Conclusion
This guideline tried to tackle the gaps in research that limit treatment options. Stratifying the patients according to their disease domains has helped to set up sequential management pathways for each domain.
Study of serum Ykl-40 level and its relationship to BODE index in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Farrag Aya Elsayed , Elganady Anwar Ahmed , Mohammed Enas Elsaid , ElHadidi Abeer Shawky , Eshmawey Heba Ahmed 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a significant global health concern characterized by growing rates of mortality and morbidity. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the serum YKL-40 level and its relationship to body mass index (BMI), obstruction of airflow, dyspnea, exercise capacity (BODE) index, and the extent of COPD.

Methods
This prospective work was carried out on 70 adult male patients, allocated into three groups: group A—36 smokers with stable COPD with different degrees of severity; group B—19 smokers without COPD; and group C—15 healthy non-smokers as a control group.

Results
The BODE index was 5.56 ± 2.52. Prebronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and FVC were substantially decreased in group A contrasted to group B and group C (P value < 0.001). Prebronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) ratio was substantially decreased in group A contrasted to groups B and C and lower in group B than in group C (P value < 0.001).
Chest X-ray (CXR) signs of COPD and mMRC Dyspnea Scale were significantly higher in group A than in groups B and C (P value < 0.001). The 6-min walking test was substantially decreased in group A than in groups B and C and lower in group B than in group C (P value < 0.001 and 0.006 correspondingly). Serum YKL-40 was substantially greater in group A contrasted to group C (P value = 0.005). There was no correlation between serum YKL-40 and (BODE index, O2 saturation, or smoking index) in group A. A substantial positive association existed among serum YKL-40 and [degree of severity and white blood cells (WBCs)] in group A. Serum YKL-40 cannot predict the severity of COPD (P = 0.227 and AUC = 0.584) at cut-off > 0.394 with 80.65% sensitivity, 41.03% specificity, 52.1% PPV, and 72.7% NPV.

Conclusions
Serum YKL-40 level was substantially greater in the COPD group contrasted to healthy non-smokers, no substantial association existed between serumYKL-40 and BODE index, O2 saturation, or smoking index. A substantial positive association existed between SerumYKL-40 and the degree of severity and WBCs.
Performance of Aldosterone-to-renin Ratio Before Washout of Antihypertensive Drugs in Screening of Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Liu Xinyu , Hao Sufang , Bian Jin , Lou Ying , Zhang Huimin , Wu Haiying , Cai Jun , Ma Wenjun 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study is to evaluate performance of aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR) before washout of antihypertensive drugs as a screening test for primary aldosteronism (PA).

Methods
This retrospective analysis included consecutive patients screening for secondary hypertension during a period from January 2017 to May 2022 at the authors’ institute. For inclusion in the final analysis, ARR had to be available prior to as well as after discontinuation of antihypertensives. Patients with ARR ≥2.4(ng/dL)/(μIU/mL) after washout proceeded to confirmatory tests. Diagnosis of PA was established based on a positive result of the confirmatory test. The diagnostic accuracy of ARR prior to the washout in predicting PA is shown as sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV).

Results
The analysis included a total of 1306 patients [median age of 50.2 (41.0-59.0) years, 64.0% male]. Confirmatory tests showed PA in 215(16.5%) patients and essential hypertension (EH) in the remaining 1091(83.5%) patients. In comparison to the second screening test, the first screening test (before washout of antihypertensives) yielded lower plasma aldosterone and higher renin and consequently lower ARR in both the PA and EH groups. At a cutoff of .7(ng/dL)/(μIU/mL), ARR before washout had 96.3% sensitivity, 61.2% specificity, .33 PPV, and .99 NPV. At a lower cutoff of .5(ng/dL)/(μIU/mL), the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 97.7%, 52.0%, .29, and .99, respectively.

Conclusion
ARR prior to washout of antihypertensives is a sensitive screening test for PA. Washout of antihypertensives could be omitted and further investigation for PA is not warranted if ARR is ≤ .7(ng/dL)/(μIU/mL) before washout.
Impact of Exposure to a Mixture of Organophosphate Esters on Adrenal Cell Phenotype, Lipidome, and Function
Authors: Li Zixuan , Hales Barbara F , Robaire Bernard 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are used primarily as flame retardants and plasticizers. Previously, we reported that adrenal cells are important targets of individual OPEs. However, real-life exposures are to complex mixtures of these chemicals. To address this, we exposed H295R human adrenal cells to varying dilutions (1/1000K to 1/3K) of a Canadian household dust–based OPE mixture for 48 hours and evaluated effects on phenotypic, lipidomic, and functional parameters. Using a high-content screening approach, we assessed phenotypic markers at mixture concentrations at which there was greater than 70% cell survival; the most striking effect of the OPE mixture was a 2.5-fold increase in the total area of lipid droplets. We then determined the response of specific lipid species to OPE exposures with novel, nontargeted lipidomic analysis of isolated lipid droplets. These data revealed that house dust OPEs induced concentration-dependent alterations in the composition of lipid droplets, particularly affecting the triglyceride, diglyceride, phosphatidylcholine, and cholesterol ester subclasses. The steroid-producing function of adrenal cells in the presence or absence of a steroidogenic stimulus, forskolin, was determined. While the production of 17β-estradiol remained unaffected, a slight decrease in testosterone production was observed after stimulation. Conversely, a 2-fold increase in both basal and stimulated cortisol and aldosterone production was observed. Thus, exposure to a house dust–based mixture of OPEs exerts endocrine-disrupting effects on adrenal cells, highlighting the importance of assessing the effects of environmentally relevant mixtures.