bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hemipelagic Sediment Accumulation Rates in the South China Sea Related to Late Quaternary Sea-Level Changes
Authors: Schönfeld Joachim , Kudrass Hermann-Rudolf 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSediments of 13 piston cores from opposite continental slopes of the South China Sea, off southern China and Sabah (northern Borneo), were analyzed by sedimentological methods and dated by oxygen isotope stratigraphy. Sediments mostly consist of hemipelagic clay with 20% carbonate off Sabah and 40% off China. We calculated terrigenous and carbonate accumulation rates for up to 11 time-slices from the Holocene to oxygen-isotope stage 6. Terrigenous accumulation rates generally increase with water depth and reach a maximum at the middle slope off Sabah and at the lower continental slope off China. During glacial and interglacial times this distribution pattern did not markedly change, despite an increase of accumulation rates for glacial periods by a factor of 2 to 5 compared to interglacial periods. Rates are negatively correlated with positions of sea level, which controls the partition of fluviatile terrigenous material for deposition on shelf, slope, and abyssal plain. Carbonate accumulation rates are higher off China by a factor of 2 compared to Sabah, probably indicating higher calcareous plankton productivity.
Uranium-Series Ages of Marine Terrace Corals from the Pacific Coast of North America and Implications for Last-Interglacial Sea Level History
Authors: Muhs Daniel R. , Kennedy George L. , Rockwell Thomas K. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractFew of the marine terraces along the Pacific coast of North America have been dated using uranium-series techniques. Ten terrace sequences from southern Oregon to southern Baja California Sur have yielded fossil corals in quantities suitable for U-series dating by alpha spectrometry. U-series-dated terraces representing the ∼80,000 yr sea-level high stand are identified in five areas (Bandon, Oregon; Point Arena, San Nicolas Island, and Point Loma, California; and Punta Banda, Baja California); terraces representing the ∼125,000 yr sea-level high stand are identified in eight areas (Cayucos, San Luis Obispo Bay, San Nicolas Island, San Clemente Island, and Point Loma, California; Punta Bands and Isla Guadalupe, Baja California; and Cabo Pulmo, Baja California Sur). On San Nicolas Island, Point Loma, and Punta Bands, both the ∼80,000 and the ∼125,000 yr terraces are dated. Terraces that may represent the ∼105,000 sea-level high stand are rarely preserved and none has yielded corals for U-series dating. Similarity of coral ages from midlatitude, erosional marine terraces with coral ages from emergent, constructional reefs on tropical coastlines suggests a common forcing mechanism, namely glacioeustatically controlled fluctuations in sea level superimposed on steady tectonic uplift. The low marine terrace dated at ∼125,000 yr on Isla Guadalupe, Baja California, presumed to be tectonically stable, supports evidence from other localities for a +6-m sea level at that time. Data from the Pacific Coast and a compilation of data from other coasts indicate that sea levels at ∼80,000 and ∼105,000 yr may have been closer to present sea level (within a few meters) than previous studies have suggested.
First Radiocarbon Dates for San Josecito Cave, Nuevo León, México
Authors: Arroyo-Cabrales Joaquı́n , Johnson Eileen , Haas Herbert , De Los Rı́os-Paredes Magdalena , Ralph Ronald W. , Hartwell William T. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractInitial excavations (1935-1941) in San Josecito Cave, Nuevo León, México revealed a rich late Quaternary fossil fauna. The San Josecito Cave fauna was viewed as a single time-related entity despite the lack of 14C dating. Renewed excavations (1990) recovered a series of 14 C samples related to the complex stratigraphy. Six 14C dates show that the recently excavated deposits range in age between 45,000 and 27,000 yr B.P. These ages suggest that the upper deposits, removed in the earlier excavations, date from 27,000 to 11,000 yr B.P.
Postglacial Vegetation and Climate Change in the Northern Bristol Bay Region, Southwestern Alaska
Authors: Hu Feng Sheng , Brubaker Linda B. , Anderson Patricia M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPollen analysis of sediment cores from Grandfather and Ongivinuk Lakes reveals a record of postglacial vegetation and climate change in the northern Bristol Bay region. The chronology is based on six conventional14C dates of bulk organic matter from the Grandfather core. A mesic herb tundra dominated the landscape 13,000-9800 yr B.P.Betulashrubs probably first appeared in the region 11,300 yr B.P. but were restricted to favorable microhabitats until 9800 yr B.P. The later establishment ofBetulashrubs and relatively lowBetulapollen abundance in these records compared to other areas of eastern Beringia suggest that postglacial warming in southwestern Alaska was dampened by regional climatic controls, possibly low sea-surface temperatures of the North Pacific Ocean. Between 10,800 and 9800 yr B.P., diminishedBetulashrub cover, along with decreased aquatic productivity as recorded byPediastrumcell nets and biogenic silica, suggest a brief reversion to colder and drier climatic conditions possibly associated with the Younger Dryas event. Around 9800 yr B.P.,Betulashrub tundra and meadow communities expanded, probably in response to increased temperature and precipitation.Alnusarrived and formed extensive thickets within the region ca. 7400 yr B.P. The establishment of the modern boreal forest-tundra ecotone is marked by the arrival ofPicea glaucaat Grandfather Lake ca. 4000 yr B.P. and the subsequent increase to present population densities ca. 2000 yr B.P. The unique features of these pollen records emphasize the spatial complexity of late Quaternary vegetation and climate history in eastern Beringia.
Extent and Dynamics of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet during Oxygen Isotope Stage 3 (65,000–25,000 yr B.P.)
Authors: Arnold Neil S. , van Andel Tjeerd H. , Valen Vidar 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe climate of the middle Weichselian Glaciation, Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 3 (OIS-3), a relatively mild period compared to the glacial maxima of OIS-4 and OIS-2, consisted of long warm interstades punctuated by brief cold excursions that grew colder and more frequent with time. The OIS-4 ice sheet is generally thought to have persisted throughout OIS-3, but evidence from dated OIS-3 interstadial deposits suggests that it was swiftly reduced to small remnants which only briefly expanded and retreated. Only 30,000 years ago the deteriorating climate initiated a sustained ice advance leading toward the final glacial maximum of OIS-2. Dynamic ice-sheet models support the existence of a prolonged ice-free interval during OIS-3 induced, perhaps, by low precipitation due to extensive sea-ice cover offshore.
The Formalization of a Cognitive Architecture and its Application to Reasoning About Human Computer Interaction
Authors: Duke David , Duce David 
Published: October 2002

Abstract.
Software systems are not just mathematical structures. The majority are also cognitive artefacts that rely on the ability of their users to understand and interpret information provided via an interface, and to act on that information using actions provided by the system. The design of an interactive system must thus account for both the technical requirements of the given domain, and the cognitive abilities of the user. However, the disciplines involved (computer science and psychology) traditionally operate with quite different methods and techniques, making it difficult to integrate their respective insights into system design. This paper reports on work that is creating a framework for interaction that encompasses both the description of complex software systems and the cognitive resources needed to operate those systems. An interface for supporting gestural interaction is used to illustrate the approach. The paper concludes with
an assessment of the prospects for this kind of integrative modeling and sets out key areas for future progress.
Graph Transformation Units with Interleaving Semantics
Authors: Kreowski Hans-Jörg , Kuske Sabine 
Published: October 2002

Abstract.
The aim of the paper is to introduce the notion of a transformation unit together with its interleaving semantics and to study it as a means of constructing large graph transformation systems from small ones in a structured and systematic way. A transformation unit comprises a set of rules, descriptions of initial and terminal graphs, and a control condition. Moreover, it may import other transformation units for structuring purposes. Its semantics is a binary relation between initial and terminal graphs which is given by interleaving sequences. As a generalization of ordinary derivations, an interleaving sequence consists of direct derivation steps interleaved with calls of imported transformation units. It must obey the control condition and may be seen as a kind of structured derivation. The introduced framework is independent of a particular graph transformation approach and, therefore, it may enhance the usefulness of graph transformations in many contexts.
Penetrating thoracoabdominal injuries: Ongoing dilemma—Which cavity and when?
Authors: Asensio Juan A. , Arroyo Hector , Veloz William , Forno Walter , Gambaro Esteban , Roldan Gustavo A. , Murray James , Velmahos George , Demetriades Demetrios 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe aims of this study were to (1) define characteristics for the thoracoabdominal injury patient population; (2) describe sequences of surgical interventions with combined procedures (i.e., thoracotomy and laparotomy); and (3) describe pitfalls leading to inappropriate sequencing of surgical interventions for thoracoabdominal injuries. It was a retrospective 4‐year study (January 1995 to December 1998) conducted at an urban level I trauma center. The study population comprised 254 patients who had sustained thoracoabdominal injuries requiring surgical intervention: 187 (73%) gunshot wounds (GSWs), 64 (25%) stab wounds (SWs), and 3 (2%) shotgun wounds (STWs). The mean revised (RTS) was 6.04; the mean Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 27; the mean estimated blood loss (EBL) was 3000 ml. The overall survival was 175 of 254 (69%). Of the 254, 51 (20%) underwent emergency department (ED) thoracotomy. Altogether, 73 (29%) underwent combined thoracotomy and laparotomy: 59 (81%) GSW, 13 (18%) SW, 1 (1%) STW (mean RTS 5.2, mean ISS 34, mean EBL 6800 ml). Overall survival was 30 of these 73 (41%). A total of 21 of the 73 (29%) underwent ED thoracotomy. In group I (laparotomy then thoracotomy: Lap + Thor, n=34) the initial procedure was interrupted in 18 (53%). In group II (thoracotomy then laparotomy: Thor + Lap, n=39) the initial procedure was interrupted in 14 (36%). Pitfalls leading to inappropriate surgical sequencing were persistent hypotension (13/73,18%) and misleading chest tube output (8/73,10%). It was concluded that penetrating thoracoabdominal injuries incur high mortality (31%), and the mortality doubles for patients who require combined procedures (59%). Inappropriate surgical sequencing occurred in 32 of 73 (44%) patients undergoing combined procedures. Persistent hypotension, indicating that the wrong cavity was accessed, and misleading chest tube output are the leading pitfalls in thoracoabdominal injury management.
Higher morbidity and mortality after combined total gastrectomy and pancreaticosplenectomy for gastric cancer
Authors: Lo Su‐Shun , Wu Chew‐Wun , Shen King‐Han , Hsieh Mao‐Chie , Lui Wing‐Yiu 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTotal gastrectomy with pancreaticosplenectomy for gastric cancer has been proposed for facilitating lymph node dissection or for resection of direct tumor invasion to the pancreas, especially for T4 lesions. Its effectiveness in improving patient survival is still controversial, and higher morbidity and mortality with this procedure have been reported in several series. Such risks to patient survival were not observed in the Japanese series. Based on a prospective gastric cancer database maintained from 1987 to 1999 in our institution, the morbidity and mortality were analyzed in our series of pancreaticosplenectomies. A total of 1,278 patients with gastric cancer received gastrectomy in our surgical unit. Of these, 127 patients underwent curative total gastrectomy with pancreaticosplenectomy in order to facilitate lymph node dissection or removal of direct tumor invasion. Operative time, postoperative hospital stay, postoperative complications, and surgical mortality were analyzed. Compared to another 201 total gastrectomies, longer mean operative time (7.91±2.16 hours vs. 6.67±2.01, p<0.001) and postoperative hospital stay (median, 24.5 days vs. 17, p<0.001) for combined organ resection (pancreaticosplenectomy) were shown in this series. The major complication rate, including intraabdominal abscess, anastomotic leak, postoperative bleeding, pancreatitis/fistula, chylous leak, and general complications causing unstable vital signs (26.8% vs. 11.9%, p=0.001), but not the mortality rate (6.3% vs. 4.8%, p=0.608), was also shown to be higher in pancreaticosplenectomy patients. The most frequent fatal complication was intraabdominal abscess. However, more than 50% of complications occurred in the first 40 pancreaticosplenectomies (1987–1991); after adequate accumulation of experience, the total complication rate (57.5% vs. 35.6%, p=0.021), major complication rate (40% vs. 20.7%, p=0.022), and mortality rate (17.5% vs. 1.1%, p=0.001) improved significantly in the remaining 87 patients (1991–1999). We therefore conclude that total gastrectomy with pancreaticosplenectomy can be performed by experienced surgeons with acceptable risk of morbidity and mortality.
Boosting Antitumor Immunity via a Tumor Microenvironment‐Responsive Transformable Trifecta Nanovaccine
Authors: Li Qiang , Dang Meng , Tao Jun , Li Xiaoye , Xiu Weijun , Dai Zhuo , He Ao , Ding Meng , Zhang Yu , Wen Zhi‐fa , Su Xiaodan , Elbourne Aaron James , Bao Lei , Chen Lin , Mou Yongbin , Teng Zhaogang , Dong Heng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn situ tumor vaccines (ISTVs) hold great potential in tumor immunotherapy, however, three major obstacles, including inadequate endogenous antigen uptake by dendritic cells (DCs), weak T‐cell immune responses, and stubborn immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), still need to be fully addressed. Herein, a trifecta nanovaccine (TriNV) with TME‐responsive transformable ability is developed to tri‐boost antitumor immunity. First, sufficient endogenous tumor‐associated antigens (TAAs) are liberated in situ after immunogenic cell death is induced via TriNV‐based photoimmunotherapy. In the TME, soft‐transformed TriNV improves the uptake of TAAs by DCs to enhance acquired immunity. Second, the self‐adjuvating TriNV and the TME‐responsive released Mn2+ synergistically promote DC maturation and macrophage M1 polarization by augmenting the stimulator of interferon genes activation to further amplify T‐cell immune responses. Moreover, the decomposition of MnO2 within the core of TriNV exhausts glutathione and facilitates O2 release to alleviate hypoxia in the TME, thereby overcoming the chemical obstacles of the TME to further mitigate immunosuppression. Thus, TriNV remarkably eradicates primary tumors and inhibits distant metastasis, thus demonstrating great potential as a feasible and effective ISTV nanoplatform for combating poorly immunogenic solid tumors.
Multifunctional Silane Additive Enhances Inorganic–Organic Compatibility with F‐rich Nature of Interphase to Support High‐Voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4//graphite Pouch Cells
Authors: Li Yuanqin , Li Xiaoqing , Liu Lixia , Li Chengfeng , Xing Lidan , He Jiarong , Li Weishan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA novel electrolyte additive, 3, 3, 3‐trifluoropropylmethyldimethoxysilane (TFPMDS), is first proposed to modify both the cathode and the anode of lithium‐ion batteries at the same time. Charging/discharging tests demonstrate that the electrolyte with 1 wt% TFPMDS not only greatly improves the capacity retention of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO)//Li cell (29.6%→90.8%) and graphite//Li cell (68.1%→98.3%), but also successfully ensures the long‐term cycle stability of LNMO//graphite pouch cell at 4.9 V. Further electrochemical measurements combining with spectroscopic characterization and theoretical calculations indicate that TFPMDS additive displays three principal functions: 1) Be preferentially oxidized to build a robust cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) enriched in F/Si species with F‐rich nature of strong oxidation‐resistance. 2) Be able to scavenge the hazardous HF, F−, and H+ through its strong binding with these species and thus to protect LNMO at high‐voltage. 3) Be preferentially adsorbed on the graphite surface to form a “framework”, and to co‐construct an elastic solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) after the reduction of ethylene carbonate. Importantly, the Si─O group within TFPMDS is especially important for constructing a “molecular bridge” at the CEI/SEI interphase coupling the inorganic and organic species to improve its compatibility, stability, and elasticity.
Cataloging High‐Quality Two‐Dimensional van der Waals Materials with Flat Bands
Authors: Duan Jingyi , Ma Da‐Shuai , Zhang Run‐Wu , Jiang Wei , Zhang Zeying , Cui Chaoxi , Yu Zhi‐Ming , Yao Yugui 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBenefited from the lower dimensionality compared to their 3D counterpart, 2D flat‐band systems provide cleaner lattice models, easier experimental verification, and higher tunability, which make the 2D van der Waals (vdW) system an ideal playground for exploring flat‐band physics as well as their potential applications. Given the vast amount of research in the field of flat bands, a simple and efficient approach to search for realistic vdW materials with flat bands is still missing. Here, a two‐tier framework to filter and diagnose high‐quality flat‐band vdW materials by combining high‐throughput first‐principles calculations and the proposed 2D flat‐band score criterion is presented. Based on systematic geometrical analysis, 861 potential monolayer vdW materials are initially obtained amounting to 187,093 structures as stored in the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database. By applying the 2D flat‐band score criterion, 229 flat‐band candidates are efficiently identified, among which a sub‐catalog of 74 materials with flat bands right next to the Fermi level is further provided to facilitate experimental verification. All these efforts to screen experimentally available flat‐band candidates will certainly motivate continuing exploration toward the realization of this class of special materials and their applications in material science.
Hardware‐Level Image Recognition System Based on ZnO Photo‐Synapse Array with the Self‐Denoising Function
Authors: Jiang Jiandong , Xiao Wei , Li Xiang , Zhao Yanfei , Qin Zhaoyang , Xie Zhichao , Shen Guangyue , Zhou Jianhong , Fu Yujun , Wang Yanrong , Wang Qi , He Deyan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe emerging optoelectronic neuromorphic devices are widely concerned due to their capability to integrate the functions of signal sensing, memory, and processing. Although significant advancements have been made in the study of individual optoelectronic synaptic devices, the development of hardware‐level image recognition systems based on photo‐synapse arrays remains a challenge. In this study, a crosstalk‐free, easy‐to‐integrate, and scalable 8 × 8 crossbar array for optical image sensing and storage is demonstrated using vertical two‐terminal ZnO photo‐synapses with the self‐denoising function. By designing peripheral circuits, a complete hardware‐level artificial visual system is constructed that successfully implements the real‐time pattern recognition tasks for 8 × 8 pixel images. The excellent performance of the photo‐synapse array shows its remarkable ability in highly efficient optic neuromorphic computing. Additionally, an in‐sensor reservoir computing (RC) system is constructed for image recognition of handwritten digits. The system achieves a high classification accuracy of 95.1%.
Nanoengineered Red Blood Cells Loaded with TMPRSS2 and Cathepsin L Inhibitors Block SARS‐CoV‐2 Pseudovirus Entry into Lung ACE2+ Cells
Authors: Yang Hui , Zhou Jun‐Nian , Zhang Xue‐Mei , Ling Dan‐Dan , Sun Ying‐Bao , Li Chen‐Yan , Zhou Qian‐Qian , Shi Gao‐Na , Wang Si‐Han , Lin Xiao‐Song , Fan Tao , Wang Hai‐Yang , Zeng Quan , Jia Ya‐Li , Xi Jia‐Fei , Jin Yi‐Guang , Pei Xue‐Tao , Yue Wen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe enzymatic activities of Furin, Transmembrane serine proteinase 2 (TMPRSS2), Cathepsin L (CTSL), and Angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor binding are necessary for the entry of coronaviruses into host cells. Precise inhibition of these key proteases in ACE2+ lung cells during a viral infection cycle shall prevent viral Spike (S) protein activation and its fusion with a host cell membrane, consequently averting virus entry to the cells. In this study, dual‐drug‐combined (TMPRSS2 inhibitor Camostat and CTSL inhibitor E‐64d) nanocarriers (NCs) are constructed conjugated with an anti‐human ACE2 (hACE2) antibody and employ Red Blood Cell (RBC)‐hitchhiking, termed “Nanoengineered RBCs,” for targeting lung cells. The significant therapeutic efficacy of the dual‐drug‐loaded nanoengineered RBCs in pseudovirus‐infected K18‐hACE2 transgenic mice is reported. Notably, the modular nanoengineered RBCs (anti‐receptor antibody+NCs+RBCs) precisely target key proteases of host cells in the lungs to block the entry of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), regardless of virus variations. These findings are anticipated to benefit the development of a series of novel and safe host‐cell‐protecting antiviral therapies.
Physiochemical Coupled Dynamic Nanosphere Lithography Enabling Multiple Metastructures from Single Mask
Authors: Chang Lin , Liu Xiaohong , Luo Jie , Lee Chong‐Yew , Zhang Jianfa , Fan Xing , Zhang Wei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMetastructures are widely used in photonic devices, energy conversion, and biomedical applications. However, to fabricate multiple patterns continuously in single etching protocol with highly tunable photonic properties is challenging. Here, a simple and robust dynamic nanosphere lithography is proposed by inserting a spacer between the nanosphere assembly and the wafer. The nanosphere diameter decrease and uneven penetration of the spacer during etching lead to a dynamic masking process. Coupled anisotropic physical ion sputtering and ricocheting with isotropic chemical radical etching achieve highly tunable structures with various 3D patterns continuously forming through a single etching process. Specifically, the nanosphere diameters define the periodicity, the etched spacer forms the upper parts, and the wafer forms the lower parts. Each part of the structure is highly tunable through changing nanosphere diameter, spacer thickness, and etch conditions. Using this protocol, numerous structures of varying sizes including nanomushrooms, nanocones, nanopencils, and nanoneedles with diverse shapes are realized as proof of concepts. The broadband antireflection ability of the nanostructures and their use in surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy are also demonstrated for practical application. This method substantially simplifies the fabrication procedure of various metastructures, paving the way for its application in multiple disciplines especially in photonic devices.