bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spaces of anthropogenic CO2 emissions compatible with planetary boundaries
Authors: Bossy Thomas , Gasser Thomas , Ciais Philippe , Tanaka Katsumasa , Lecocq Franck , Bousquet Philippe 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The concept of planetary boundaries delineates the Earth system’s limits within which humanity can sustainably prosper.
Here, we introduce a new modelling framework to translate four climate-related boundaries: global warming, ocean acidification, sea level rise, and Arctic sea ice melt. Using a reduced-form model, we map a range of anthropogenic CO2 emissions and removals pathways consistent with the boundaries, optionally adding solar radiation management (SRM) measures to the picture. Our framework estimates safety levels as probabilities to stay within the boundaries considering the physical uncertainty of the Earth system.
If CO2 emissions peak in 2030, net-zero CO2 is reached in 2100, CDR deployment capacity is 10 PgC per year, and SRM is not allowed, remaining within the global warming boundary is ensured with a safety level of 66%. This level is 50% for the sea level rise or the Arctic sea ice boundary; it is 26% for the ocean acidification boundary. When all four boundaries are considered together, it drops to only 12%, indicating a complex interplay of planetary boundaries in determining the safety level.
Our results suggest a need to assess planetary boundaries holistically to develop sustainable future strategies.
Characterization of Surface Spectral Emissivity Retrieved from EE9-FORUM Simulated Measurements
Authors: Sgattoni Cristina , Ridolfi Marco , Zugarini Chiara , Sgheri Luca 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
FORUM (Far-infrared Outgoing Radiation Understanding and Monitoring) has been approved to be the ninth Earth Explorer mission of the European Space Agency and is scheduled for launch in 2027. The core FORUM instrument is a Fourier Transform Spectrometer, which will measure, for the first time, the upwelling spectral radiance in the Far-Infrared (FIR) and Mid-Infrared (MIR) portions of the Earth’s spectrum. These radiances will be processed up to Level~2, to determine vertical profile of water vapour, surface spectral emissivity, and cloud parameters. In this paper, we assess the performance of the FORUM surface spectral emissivity product based on all-sky simulated retrievals.
In the FIR, we find that the retrieval error is mainly driven by the Precipitable Water Vapor (PWV) in clear sky conditions. In dry atmospheres, FIR emissivity can be retrieved with an error smaller than 0.01. In cloudy conditions, small errors can be achieved for optically thin clouds, especially for small values of the PWV.
In the MIR, we observe that a large thermal contrast between the surface and the lowest atmospheric layers increases the sensitivity of the measurements to the surface emissivity in clear sky conditions and an emissivity retrieval error smaller than 0.01 can usually be achieved. In cloudy conditions, small errors can be achieved for optically thin clouds, especially for large values of the surface temperature.
Applying a coarser retrieval grid further reduces retrieval error, though possibly at the expense of increased emissivity smoothing error.
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura with Preserved ADAMTS13: A Case Report
Authors: Theik Nyein Wint Yee , Shah Vedant , Shah Abhi , Panchal Viraj , Vyas Bhavya 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background: Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare, potentially fatal disease with multisystem involvement. ADAMTS13 assays are often used for supporting the diagnosis, we present a rare case of TTP with normal ADAMTS13 levels.
Case presentation:
A 39-year-old female with syncopes, blurred vision in both eyes on patch test, headaches, and tenderness over the abdomen on a background of hypertensive emergency. She had a history of chronic hypertension managed on medications, iron deficiency secondary to fibroid and an episode of provoked deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism with negative work-up of thrombophilia. Labs revealed low hemoglobin of 9.8 mg/dl, platelet in the range of 52,000/ml, 3 mEq/L potassium, with high levels of creatinine (Cr) 6.7 mg/dl and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels of 59 mg/dl. Due to the clinical triad of thrombocytopenia, hemolysis pattern, and neurological manifestation, an ADAMTS13 essay was ordered. Thrombophilia work-up showed haptoglobin was less than 20 mg/dl, LDH of 752 U/L, and a normal ADAMTS13 level. The PLASMIC score was 5, suggestive of moderate risk. With high levels of abnormal creatinine levels and BUN, renal biopsy was done to look for the cause of acute kidney injury in the setting of suspected TTP which revealed diffuse thrombotic microangiopathy, along with moderate to chronic changes with greater than 50% tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis. CT scan of the brain was negative for detecting any cause of syncope; MRI showed lacunar infarcts secondary to thromboembolism. A provisional diagnosis of TTP with normal ADAMTS13 level was made and she was started on plasma exchange. Drastic symptom improvement was noted with FFP and 8 units of plasma exchange.
5% Dextrose in Ringer’s Lactate versus 5% Dextrose Normal Saline as maintenance intravenous fluid therapy in Children - A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Kaviti Hemanth , John Joseph , Gulla Krishna Mohan , Sahu Suchanda 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Rationale:
Our study compares the effects of 5% Dextrose in Ringer’s Lactate versus 5% Dextrose Normal Saline as maintenance fluid therapy to nullify iatrogenic hyperchloremia, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (HCMA) caused by NS.
Objectives
To estimate the difference in serum chloride levels between the children receiving 5% Dextrose in Ringer’s Lactate versus 5% Dextrose Normal Saline and to estimate the incidence of dyselectrolytemia, HCMA, acute kidney injury and all-cause mortality in both groups.
Methods
A randomised controlled trial was conducted on children aged 6 months to 14 years admitted to AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, between August 2021 and July 2022, with controls receiving 5% Dextrose Normal Saline and the Intervention group receiving 5% Dextrose in Ringer’s Lactate.
Results:
A total of 142 children (71 in each group) were enrolled. The mean chloride difference between the two groups at 24 hours and 48 hours was 1.67 (p-value − 0.03) and 2.78 (p-value – 0.01), respectively. At 24h, 1.4% of children had AKI in the RLD5 group, and no one had AKI in the DNS group. At 48h, 2.8% in the RLD5 group and 1.4% in the DNS group had AKI. At 24h, 2.8% of children had HCMA in the RLD5 group, and 14% of children had HCMA in the DNS group (p-value − 0.02). At 48h, 2.8% of children had HCMA in the RLD5 group, and 4.2% had HCMA in the DNS group. There was no mortality in either group.
Conclusion
Though clinically insignificant, there was a statistically significant difference in the serum chloride levels between the groups.
Ethical approval and CTRI Registration: IEC/AIIMS BBSR/PG Thesis/2020-21/97 dated December 21, 2020; Clinical Trial Registry India (CTRI) (www.ctri.nic.in) vide registration number CTRI/2021/08/035924 dated 25/08/2021.
Causal relationships between psychological disorders and functional gastrointestinal disorders: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Liu Tangyi , Wang Zeyu , Kang Xiaoyu , Wang Xiangping , Ren Gui , Lv Yong , Li Jing , Liu Yaling , Liang Shuhui , Nie Yongzhan , Luo Hui , Pan Yanglin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background and Aims: Observational studies have shown bidirectional associations between phycological disorders (e.g., depression and anxiety) and functional gastrointestinal disorders. However, whether the relationships are causal is uncertain. Here we used a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method to investigate the association between phycological disorders and functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs).
Methods: We obtained genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for two common phycological disorders (depression and anxiety) and three common FGIDs (functional dyspepsia (FD), constipation and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)) from several publicly available GWAS databases. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the main MR method.
Results: IVW MR analyses showed statistically significant associations between genetically predicted depression and risk of FD (OR 1.40, 95%CI 1.08-1.82), constipation (OR 1.28, 95%CI 1.13-1.44) and IBS (OR 1.51, 95%CI 1.37-1.67). Genetically predicted anxiety was associated with higher risk of IBS (OR 1.13, 95%CI 1.10-1.17) instead of FD and constipation. Additionally, genetically predicted IBS instead of FD and constipation was associated with higher risk of depression (OR 1.33, 95%CI 1.12-1.57) and anxiety (OR 2.05, 95%CI 1.05-4.03).
Conclusions: Depression is a causal risk factor for three common FGIDs. A bidirectional causal relationship between IBS and anxiety or depression was also identified.
Causal associations between autoimmune disease and sepsis: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Bai Xueyang , Zhuo Chengui , Tong Renyang , Dao Ling , Yu Lu , Xu Longwei , Li Ling 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Recent observational studies have revealed an inconclusive correlation between autoimmune disease (AID) and sepsis, accompanied by an uncertain understanding of the causal relationship between the two. The objective of this study was to investigate the causality between AID and sepsis by employing a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.
Methods
A genome-wide significant threshold (P < 5×10− 8) was achieved in order to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as instrumental variables (IVs) for various common types of AID, such as Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Subsequently, the selected SNPs were assessed in relation to three categories of sepsis, namely sepsis, sepsis (critical care), and sepsis (28-day death in critical care). An inverse-variance weighted (IVW) estimation of MR was conducted, followed by sensitivity analysis on multiple dimensions.
Results
In the context of the study, a significant causal correlation was observed between genetic susceptibility and sepsis (28-day death in critical care) in patients with CD (OR, 1.246; 95% CI, 1.090–1.423; P = 0.0012). On the other hand, UC patients showed a slightly higher risk for sepsis, although this difference was not statistically significant (OR, 1.031; 95% CI, 0.988–1.064; P = 0.064). Additionally, there was evidence of a suggestive significant association between genetic liability to SLE (OR, 1.025; 95% CI, 1.009–1.043; P = 0.0029) and MS (OR, 1.038; 95% CI, 1.002–1.076; P = 0.041) with sepsis, but not specifically with sepsis (critical care) and sepsis (28-day death in critical care). However, there was no significant association of the genetic vulnerability to RA or AS with any of three types of sepsis.
Conclusion
Our study offers genetic evidence that supports a substantial causal relationship between CD and sepsis (28-day death in critical care), as well as a suggestive significant association between SLE/MS and sepsis. To enhance the specificity and objectivity of future research findings, it is recommended to specify the types of AID and the severity of sepsis. Furthermore, the identified genetic risk loci may serve as promising targets for drug development.
Investigations of the dynamical behaviors of a millimeter-scale cavitation bubble near the rigid wall
Authors: Zi Dan , He DongQiao , Yao Zhifeng , Wang Fujun , Zhong Qiang , Pin Lyu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The collapse of the cavitation bubble near the rigid wall emits shock waves and creates micro-jet, causing cavitation damage and operation instability of the hydraulic machinery. In this paper, the millimeter-scale bubble near the rigid wall was investigated experimentally and numerically with the help of a laser photogrammetry system with nanosecond-micron space-time resolution and the open source package OpenFOAM-2212. The morphological characteristics of the bubble during its growth phase, collapse phase and rebound phase were observed by experiment and numerical simulation, and characteristics of the accompanying phenomena including the shock wave propagation and micro-jet evolution were well elucidated. The numerical results agree well with the experimental data. The bubble starts from a tiny small size with high internal pressure and expands into a sphere with a radius of 1.07mm for γ=d/Rmax=1.78. The bubble collapses into a heart shape and moves towards to the rigid wall during its collapse phase, resulting in a higher pressure load for the rigid wall in the second collapse. The maximum pressure of the shock wave of the first bubble collapse phase reaches 5.4MPa, and the velocity of the micro-jet reaches approximately 100m/s. This study enriches the existing experimental and numerical results of the dynamics of the near-wall cavitation bubble.
Patient factors associated with prolonged length of stay after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Taylor Shameeke , Loo George T. , Richardson Lynne , Legome Eric 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
For traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors, recovery can lead to significant time spent in the inpatient/rehabilitation settings. Hospital length of stay (LOS) after TBI is a crucial metric of resource utilization and treatment costs. Risk factors for prolonged LOS (PLOS) after TBI require further characterization.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with diagnosed TBI at an urban trauma center. PLOS was defined as the 95th percentile of the LOS of the cohort. Patients with and without PLOS were compared using clinical/injury factors. Analyses included descriptive statistics, non-parametric analyses and multivariable logistic regression for PLOS status.
Results
The threshold for PLOS was ≥ 24 days. In the cohort of 1343 patients, 77 had PLOS. PLOS was significantly associated with longer mean intensive care unit (ICU) stays (16.4 vs. 1.5 days), higher mean injury severity scores (18.6 vs. 13.8), lower mean Glasgow coma scale score (11.3 vs. 13.7) and greater mean complication burden (0.7 vs 0.1). PLOS patients were more likely to have moderate/severe TBI, Medicaid insurance and were less likely to be discharged home. In the regression model, PLOS was associated with ICU stay, inpatient disposition, ventilator use, unplanned intubation and inpatient alcohol withdrawal.
Conclusions
TBI patients with PLOS were more likely to have severe injuries, in-hospital complications and Medicaid insurance. PLOS was predicted by ICU stay, intubation, alcohol withdrawal and disposition to inpatient/post-acute care facilities. Efforts to reduce in-hospital complications and expedite discharge may reduce LOS and accompanying costs. Further validation of these results is needed from larger multicenter studies.
Wearable Chemical Gas Sensors with Color Changeable Functional Dyes Detecting Organophosphorus Nerve Agents
Authors: Lee Junheon , Kim Taekyeong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Wearable military chemical gas sensors were realized using 19 kinds of color changeable functional dyes having great aggregative characteristics and the optimal wearable sensor with the best detection performance was selected. The wearable sensor was designed to exhibit color change properties that are sensitive to low concentration of chemical warfare agent (CWA) vapors at room temperature. The dyes were applied to cotton fabrics as a substrate of the wearable chemical gas sensors and examined their sensing properties, performance, and mechanisms for an organophosphorus simulant of nerve agents, dimethyl-methyl-phosphonate (DMMP). The color difference of almost 5 was obtained even at as low concentration as 3 ppm within 10 min and the spectrum was exhibited hypsochromic and hyperchromic shift. The sensing mechanism was considered to depend on solvatochromism, aggregative characteristics of the dye molecules and adsorption amounts of DMMP vapors on textile substrates on which the dyes were applied. In addition, the reusability of the wearable sensor was tested for 10 repeat cycles.
Investigation of Magneto-Convection Characteristics in A Sudden Expanding Channel with Convex Surface Geometry Under Thermally Developing Flow Conditions
Authors: Gürsoy Emrehan , Pazarlıoğlu Hayati Kadir , Gürdal Mehmet , Arslan Kamil , Gedik Engin , Dağdeviren Abdullah 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

The current study presents a novelty with focusing on the magnetic field effect on a sudden expansion tube with expansion ratio, total length, and pitch length of the dimpled fin is 2.5, 1500 mm, and 3.0, respectively. The magnetizable Fe3O4/H2O Ferrofluid with different nanoparticle volumetric concentrations (φ = 1.0% and 2.0%) were used as a heat transfer fluid, and magnetohydrodynamic effects were elaborately investigated in this study. The numerical analysis was conducted under laminar flow regime and the DC magnetic field (B0 = 0.03T, 0.05T, 0.3T, and 0.5T). The present study provided a comprehensive investigation, which presented the thermo-hydraulic performance of difference dimpled fins, Fe3O4/H2O Ferrofluid, and magnetic field. According to the results, dimple fins showed the best increment within heat transfer enhancement techniques. The heat transfer enhancement rate of the dimple tube and Fe3O4/H2O Ferrofluid were respectively acquired as 22.62% and 5.43%-6.28% (φ = 1.0% and 2.0%). When dimpled fin and Fe3O4/H2O Ferrofluid were used, the increment in Performance Evaluation Criteria was calculated as 21.31% and 4.85%-9.79% (φ = 1.0% and 2.0%). Although the highest average Nusselt number was obtained at B0 = 0.5T, the highest performance evaluation criteria were detected at B0 = 0.3T due to the friction factor showing an increment.
Expansion of endogenous T cells in CSF of pediatric CNS tumor patients undergoing locoregional delivery of IL13R⍺2-targeting CAR T cells: an interim analysis
Authors: Wang Leo , Oill Angela Taravella , Blanchard M. , Wu Melody , Hibbard Jonathan , Sepulveda Sean , Peter Lance , Kilpatrick Julie , Munoz Margarita , Stiller Tracey , Shulkin Noah , Wagner Jamie , Dolatabadi Ally , Nisis Monica , Shepphird Jennifer , Sanchez Gabriela , Lingaraju Chetan , Manchanda Mishika , Natri Heini , Kouakanou Léonce , Sun Grace , Oliver-Cervantes Cheryl , Georges Joseph , Aftabizadeh Maryam , Forman Stephen , Priceman Saul , Ressler Julie , Arvanitis Leonidas , Cotter Jennifer , D'Apuzzo Massimo , Tamrazi Benita , Badie Behnam , Davidson Tom , Banovich Nicholas , Brown Christine 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Outcomes for pediatric brain tumor patients remain poor, and there is optimism that chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy can improve prognosis. Here, we present interim results from the first six pediatric patients treated on an ongoing phase I clinical trial (NCT04510051) of IL13BBζ-CAR T cells delivered weekly into the lateral cerebral ventricles, identifying clonal expansion of endogenous CAR-negative CD8+ T cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) over time. Additionally, of the five patients evaluable for disease response, three experienced transient radiographic and/or clinical benefit not meeting protocol criteria for response. The first three patients received CAR T cells alone; later patients received lymphodepletion before the first infusion. There were no dose limiting toxicities (DLTs). Aside from expected cytopenias in patients receiving lymphodepletion, serious adverse events possibly attributed to CAR T cell infusion were limited to one episode of headache and one of liver enzyme elevation. One patient withdrew from treatment during the DLT period due to a Grade 3 catheter-related infection and was not evaluable for disease response, although this was not attributed to CAR T cell infusion. Importantly, scRNA- and scTCR-sequence analyses provided insights into CAR T cell interaction with the endogenous immune system. In particular, clonally expanded endogenous CAR− T cells were recovered from the CSF, but not the peripheral blood, of patients who received intraventricular IL13BBζ-CAR T cell therapy. Additionally, although immune infiltrates in CSF and post-therapy tumor did not generally correlate, a fraction of expanded T cell receptors (TCRs) was seen to overlap between CSF and tumor. This has important implications for what samples are collected on these trials and how they are analyzed. These initial findings provide support for continued investigation into locoregionally-delivered IL13BBζ-CAR T cells for children with brain tumors.
Changes in fractional exhaled nitric oxide, forced expiratory volume in one second, and forced oscillation technique parameters over three years in adults with bronchial asthma managed under Yokohama Seibu Hospital’s coordinated care system
Authors: Tsuburai Takahiro , Tanaka Satoshi , Komase Yuko , Oyama Baku , Muraoka Hiromi , Shinozaki Yusuke , Nishiyama Kazuhiro , Ueno Junko , Nishi Yoshihiro , Numata Yu , Hida Naoya , Mineshita Masamichi , Inoue Takeo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background: In western Yokohama, our hospital and primary care clinics manage adult asthmatics via a coordinated care system. We investigated the changes in the fractional expired nitric oxide (FeNO), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and forced oscillation technique (FOT) parameters over 3 years in a cohort of patients in our collaborative system.
Methods: From 288 adults with stable asthma managed under the Yokohama Seibu Hospital coordinated care system between January 2009 and May 2018, we selected 99 subjects to undergo spirometry, FeNO and FOT testing over 3 years and analyzed the changes in these parameters.
Results: Of the 99 patients enrolled, 35 (35.3%) experienced exacerbations during the 3-year study period. There were no differences in FeNO, FEV1, or FOT parameters at baseline between patients with and without exacerbations. The FeNO decreased significantly over 3 years in all patients regardless of exacerbation status. The FEV1 levels decreased gradually, whereas the percent predicted FEV1 levels significantly increased. We also observed significant improvement in FOT parameters; specifically reactance at 5 Hz (R5), resonant frequency (Fres), and integral of reactance up to the resonant frequency (AX). The stable group (without exacerbations) demonstrated significant relationships between the change in FeNO and the change in FEV1 and between the change in FEV1 and the change in FOT parameters. No significant correlations emerged in the exacerbation group.
Conclusion: The decrease in FeNO and increase in the percent predicted FEV1 we observed in all study participants suggest that the coordinated care system model benefits patients with bronchial asthma. Although predicting which patients will experience an exacerbation at baseline may be difficult, monitoring changes in FeNO and FEV1 is useful in managing adults with stable asthma. Furthermore, monitoring changes in R5, Fres, and AX via forced oscillation technique testing is useful for detecting airflow limitation.