bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Dawn of the Jazz Age in the Caribbean: Dance, Consumer Culture, and the Imperial Shape of Modern Entertainment
Authors: OSPINA ROMERO SERGIO 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAfter 1917 the word ‘jazz’ disseminated rapidly throughout the world attaining, along the way, a multiplicity of meanings, sometimes related to musical practices from the United States, but often associated with a diverse array of things, objects, ideas, and situations in the worlds of music entertainment, dance, leisure, and fashion. In the Caribbean, this process entailed not only the constitution of jazz as a symbol of social modernity but also revealed a long history of exchanges between the United States and the Caribbean – not to mention the Afrodiasporic origins of jazz. By examining jazz as a by-product and an expression of Caribbean modernity, this article disentangles some of the cultural meanings of the word ‘jazz’ in the Caribbean between 1917 and 1920, considering, ultimately, how imagining jazz as Caribbean was inevitably intertwined with imagining it as modern.
Committed Global Warming Risks Triggering Multiple Climate Tipping Points
Authors: Abrams Jesse F. , Huntingford Chris , Williamson Mark S. , Armstrong McKay David I. , Boulton Chris A. , Buxton Joshua E. , Sakschewski Boris , Loriani Sina , Zimm Caroline , Winkelmann Ricarda , Lenton Timothy M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMany scenarios for limiting global warming to 1.5°C assume planetary‐scale carbon dioxide removal sufficient to exceed anthropogenic emissions, resulting in radiative forcing falling and temperatures stabilizing. However, such removal technology may prove unfeasible for technical, environmental, political, or economic reasons, resulting in continuing greenhouse gas emissions from hard‐to‐mitigate sectors. This may lead to constant concentration scenarios, where net anthropogenic emissions remain non‐zero but small, and are roughly balanced by natural carbon sinks. Such a situation would keep atmospheric radiative forcing roughly constant. Fixed radiative forcing creates an equilibrium “committed” warming, captured in the concept of “equilibrium climate sensitivity.” This scenario is rarely analyzed as a potential extension to transient climate scenarios. Here, we aim to understand the planetary response to such fixed concentration commitments, with an emphasis on assessing the resulting likelihood of exceeding temperature thresholds that trigger climate tipping points. We explore transients followed by respective equilibrium committed warming initiated under low to high emission scenarios. We find that the likelihood of crossing the 1.5°C threshold and the 2.0°C threshold is 83% and 55%, respectively, if today's radiative forcing is maintained until achieving equilibrium global warming. Under the scenario that best matches current national commitments (RCP4.5), we estimate that in the transient stage, two tipping points will be crossed. If radiative forcing is then held fixed after the year 2100, a further six tipping point thresholds are crossed. Achieving a trajectory similar to RCP2.6 requires reaching net‐zero emissions rapidly, which would greatly reduce the likelihood of tipping events.
Examining Infrasound Propagation at High Spatial Resolution Using a Nodal Seismic Array
Authors: Toney Liam , Fee David , Schmandt Brandon , Bishop Jordan W. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractInfrasound—acoustic waves in the atmosphere below 20 Hz—is a useful monitoring tool. Topography and atmospheric structure strongly control infrasound propagation, and at common source–receiver distances neither of these effects can be ignored when quantitative source constraints are sought. Detailed spatial measurements of the infrasound wavefield would inform propagation models and improve source estimates. However, the “large‐N” deployment strategy now well‐known in seismology has not yet been realized for infrasound studies. Here, we use the 900‐node seismic array from the 2014 Imaging Magma Under St. Helens (iMUSH) experiment as a proxy for a large‐N infrasound network, by leveraging acoustic–seismic coupled arrivals. The active‐source component of iMUSH consisted of 23 shallowly buried explosions around Mount Saint Helens volcano; these explosions produced epicentral infrasound recorded on the nodes. We find that the bulk presence of ground‐coupled infrasound on the nodes is controlled by wind noise and source–receiver distance, with observed arrivals for eight explosions. Explosions with the most extensive coupling produce complex spatial waveform patterns across the array. These patterns are related to both topographic and atmospheric propagation effects, as well as spatially variable site (coupling) effects. We compare our observations to simple topographic diffraction and high‐resolution wind advection models, and full‐wave numerical simulations. We find strong spatial correlations between (a) coupled arrival strength and modeled topographic obstruction and (b) coupled arrival time and along‐path winds. Our seismoacoustic analyses and results are applicable to other existing and future nodal seismic data sets and can expand the utility of such deployments.
Correspondence of Drought Occurrences at Multi‐Temporal Scales Between North China and Upper Hanjiang River
Authors: Zhang Xiaodan , Ren Guoyu , Mikami Takehiko , Matsumoto Jun , Yang Guowei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUsing the drought and flood grades, the historical co‐drought probabilities of the water source area (i.e., the Upper Hanjiang River or UH) and the receiving area (i.e., North China or NC) of the Middle Route of the South‐to‐North Water Diversion project from 1470 to 2017 were analyzed. It was found that there is relatively high possibility for co‐droughts to occur in the UH and NC at interannual to multi‐decadal time scales. When extreme drought occurred in NC, there was a 52% probability that the UH was on the drier side and even a 40% probability of severe drought. During the three typical severe drought events that occurred mainly in NC (i.e., 1637–1643, 1877–1878, and 1997–2002), severe droughts also appeared in the UH, with 1877–1878 even more severe than in NC. Among the seven driest years of the study period in NC (i.e., 1640, 1641, 1832, 1920, 1965, 1968, and 1997), only 1832 was wet in the UH, and 1920 even experienced the same severe region‐wide drought as NC did. Furthermore, when severe consecutive droughts occurred in NC, there was at least a 66% probability that the UH was also experiencing a drought. In addition, there were obvious cycles of drought and flood variability of around 3–6 years, 10 years, 30 years, and 55–80 years in both the UH and NC. These findings are of importance to in‐depth understanding of the regional drought variability and its mechanism at varied temporal scales and the effective management of the world‐class hydro project.
Wave Velocities and Poisson Ratio in a Loose Sandy Martian Regolith Simulant Under Low Stresses: 1. Laboratory Investigation
Authors: Betancourt J. P. Castillo , Delage P. , Caicedo B. , Lognonné P. , Banerdt B. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWave velocity measurements were performed on Fontainebleau sand samples used as a Martian regolith simulant to investigate the elastic properties of the surface material at the InSight landing site on Mars (Elysium Planitia). Loose samples (density 1.4 Mg/m3, density index 6%) were prepared by using the pluviation method to mimic the low regolith density at the InSight landing site. A novel device derived from triaxial testing was designed to measure wave velocities at low stresses along a horizontal cylindrical specimen. Four tests were made, in which the confining stress was applied by applying a vacuum between 1 and 80 kPa. Wave velocities were measured by using bender elements under stresses as low as 1.75 kPa, a very low value compared to the standard stress ranges generally considered in terrestrial geotechnics (>10 kPa). The changes in compression and shear wave velocities obey a standard power law, with two slightly different exponents for Vp and Vs, indicating a not perfectly elastic behavior. Data showed greater variability below 5 kPa, indicating some limitations of the bender element technique in this range. A slight decrease in Poisson ratio was detected below 5 kPa, which certainly deserves more investigation. This investigation is useful to better analyze the data of the InSight mission, both in terms of wave propagation at the surface and to interpret some in situ elastic tests carried out with the scoop. These data are interpreted in the light of a granular contact mechanics theory in a companion paper.
Iterative Gradient Correction (IGC) Method for True Height Analysis of Ionograms
Authors: Ankita M. , Tulasi Ram S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractInversion of precise true height electron density profile from the measured virtual heights by the Ionosonde is a quite challenging and ill‐posed problem. In this paper, we present a new method to compute the true height profiles from ionograms that relies on computing the propagation path of radio waves with time. This method does not use predefined polynomial functions to fit the vertical electron density distribution; hence, it is free from fitting errors. Instead, this method implements iterative corrections in the electron density gradient between the successive points and progressively reconstructs the true height profile. This Iterative Gradient Correction (IGC) method assures minimizing the error to below a tolerance limit at all sampled points on the ionogram. The true height profiles derived from this method exhibit better accuracy than those derived from the widely used POLynomial ANalysis, particularly, at cusp and F2‐peak regions. Further, the IGC method gives the best results at higher sampling resolutions of ionograms and is less sensitive to scaling errors.
Assessment of the Value of Remotely Sensed Surface Water Extent Data for the Calibration of a Lumped Hydrological Model
Authors: Meyer Oliveira Aline , van Meerveld H. J. (Ilja) , Vis Marc , Seibert Jan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFor many catchments, there is insufficient field data to calibrate the hydrological models that are needed to answer water resources management questions. One way to overcome this lack of data is to use remotely sensed data. In this study, we assess whether Landsat‐based surface water extent observations can inform the calibration of a lumped bucket‐type model for Brazilian catchments. We first performed synthetic experiments with daily, monthly, and limited monthly data (April–October), assuming a perfect monotonic relation between streamflow and stream width. The median relative performance was 0.35 for daily data and 0.17 for monthly data, where values above 0 imply an improvement in model performance compared to the lower benchmark. This indicates that the limited temporal resolution of remotely sensed data is not an impediment for model calibration. In a second step, we used real remotely sensed water extent data for calibration. For only 76 of the 671 sites the remotely sensed water extent was large and variable enough to be used for model calibration. For 30% of these sites, calibration with the actual remotely sensed water extent data led to a model fit that was better than the lower benchmark (i.e., relative performance >0). Model performance increased with river width and variation therein. This indicates that the coarse spatial resolution of the freely‐available, long time series of water extent used in this study hampered model calibration. We, therefore, expect that newer higher‐resolution imagery will be helpful for model calibration for more sites, especially when time series length increases.
Preneoplastic liver colonization by 11p15.5 altered mosaic cells in young children with hepatoblastoma
Authors: Pilet Jill , Hirsch Theo Z. , Gupta Barkha , Roehrig Amélie , Morcrette Guillaume , Pire Aurore , Letouzé Eric , Fresneau Brice , Taque Sophie , Brugières Laurence , Branchereau Sophie , Chardot Christophe , Aerts Isabelle , Sarnacki Sabine , Fabre Monique , Guettier Catherine , Rebouissou Sandra , Zucman-Rossi Jessica 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPediatric liver tumors are very rare tumors with the most common diagnosis being hepatoblastoma. While hepatoblastomas are predominantly sporadic, around 15% of cases develop as part of predisposition syndromes such as Beckwith-Wiedemann (11p15.5 locus altered). Here, we identify mosaic genetic alterations of 11p15.5 locus in the liver of hepatoblastoma patients without a clinical diagnosis of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. We do not retrieve these alterations in children with other types of pediatric liver tumors. We show that mosaic 11p15.5 alterations in liver FFPE sections of hepatoblastoma patients display IGF2 overexpression and H19 downregulation together with an alteration of the liver zonation. Moreover, mosaic livers’ microenvironment is enriched in extracellular matrix and angiogenesis. Spatial transcriptomics and single-nucleus RNAseq analyses identify a 60-gene signature in 11p15.5 altered hepatocytes. These data provide insights for 11p15.5 mosaicism detection and its functional consequences during the early steps of carcinogenesis.
Elevator-like movements of prestin mediate outer hair cell electromotility
Authors: Kuwabara Makoto F. , Haddad Bassam G. , Lenz-Schwab Dominik , Hartmann Julia , Longo Piersilvio , Huckschlag Britt-Marie , Fuß Anneke , Questino Annalisa , Berger Thomas K. , Machtens Jan-Philipp , Oliver Dominik 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe outstanding acuity of the mammalian ear relies on cochlear amplification, an active mechanism based on the electromotility (eM) of outer hair cells. eM is a piezoelectric mechanism generated by little-understood, voltage-induced conformational changes of the anion transporter homolog prestin (SLC26A5). We used a combination of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and biophysical approaches to identify the structural dynamics of prestin that mediate eM. MD simulations showed that prestin samples a vast conformational landscape with expanded (ES) and compact (CS) states beyond previously reported prestin structures. Transition from CS to ES is dominated by the translational-rotational movement of prestin’s transport domain, akin to elevator-type substrate translocation by related solute carriers. Reversible transition between CS and ES states was supported experimentally by cysteine accessibility scanning, cysteine cross-linking between transport and scaffold domains, and voltage-clamp fluorometry (VCF). Our data demonstrate that prestin’s piezoelectric dynamics recapitulate essential steps of a structurally conserved ion transport cycle.
High-resolution neural recordings improve the accuracy of speech decoding
Authors: Duraivel Suseendrakumar , Rahimpour Shervin , Chiang Chia-Han , Trumpis Michael , Wang Charles , Barth Katrina , Harward Stephen C. , Lad Shivanand P. , Friedman Allan H. , Southwell Derek G. , Sinha Saurabh R. , Viventi Jonathan , Cogan Gregory B. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPatients suffering from debilitating neurodegenerative diseases often lose the ability to communicate, detrimentally affecting their quality of life. One solution to restore communication is to decode signals directly from the brain to enable neural speech prostheses. However, decoding has been limited by coarse neural recordings which inadequately capture the rich spatio-temporal structure of human brain signals. To resolve this limitation, we performed high-resolution, micro-electrocorticographic (µECoG) neural recordings during intra-operative speech production. We obtained neural signals with 57× higher spatial resolution and 48% higher signal-to-noise ratio compared to macro-ECoG and SEEG. This increased signal quality improved decoding by 35% compared to standard intracranial signals. Accurate decoding was dependent on the high-spatial resolution of the neural interface. Non-linear decoding models designed to utilize enhanced spatio-temporal neural information produced better results than linear techniques. We show that high-density µECoG can enable high-quality speech decoding for future neural speech prostheses.
Foxp3 orchestrates reorganization of chromatin architecture to establish regulatory T cell identity
Authors: Liu Zhi , Lee Dong-Sung , Liang Yuqiong , Zheng Ye , Dixon Jesse R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractChromatin conformation reorganization is emerging as an important layer of regulation for gene expression and lineage specification. Yet, how lineage-specific transcription factors contribute to the establishment of cell type-specific 3D chromatin architecture in the immune cells remains unclear, especially for the late stages of T cell subset differentiation and maturation. Regulatory T cells (Treg) are mainly generated in the thymus as a subpopulation of T cells specializing in suppressing excessive immune responses. Here, by comprehensively mapping 3D chromatin organization during Treg cell differentiation, we show that Treg-specific chromatin structures were progressively established during its lineage specification, and highly associated with Treg signature gene expression. Additionally, the binding sites of Foxp3, a Treg lineage specifying transcription factor, were highly enriched at Treg-specific chromatin loop anchors. Further comparison of the chromatin interactions between wide-type Tregs versus Treg cells from Foxp3 knock-in/knockout or newly-generated Foxp3 domain-swap mutant mouse revealed that Foxp3 was essential for the establishment of Treg-specific 3D chromatin architecture, although it was not dependent on the formation of the Foxp3 domain-swapped dimer. These results highlighted an underappreciated role of Foxp3 in modulating Treg-specific 3D chromatin structure formation.
An FcRn-targeted mucosal vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission
Authors: Li Weizhong , Wang Tao , Rajendrakumar Arunraj M. , Acharya Gyanada , Miao Zizhen , Varghese Berin P. , Yu Hailiang , Dhakal Bibek , LeRoith Tanya , Karunakaran Athira , Tuo Wenbin , Zhu Xiaoping 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 is primarily transmitted through droplets and airborne aerosols, and in order to prevent infection and reduce viral spread vaccines should elicit protective immunity in the airways. The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) transfers IgG across epithelial barriers and can enhance mucosal delivery of antigens. Here we explore FcRn-mediated respiratory delivery of SARS-CoV-2 spike (S). A monomeric IgG Fc was fused to a stabilized spike; the resulting S-Fc bound to S-specific antibodies and FcRn. Intranasal immunization of mice with S-Fc and CpG significantly induced antibody responses compared to the vaccination with S alone or PBS. Furthermore, we intranasally immunized mice or hamsters with S-Fc. A significant reduction of virus replication in nasal turbinate, lung, and brain was observed following nasal challenges with SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. Intranasal immunization also significantly reduced viral airborne transmission in hamsters. Nasal IgA, neutralizing antibodies, lung-resident memory T cells, and bone-marrow S-specific plasma cells mediated protection. Hence, FcRn delivers an S-Fc antigen effectively into the airway and induces protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission.
Printed sustainable elastomeric conductor for soft electronics
Authors: Lv Jian , Thangavel Gurunathan , Xin Yangyang , Gao Dace , Poh Wei Church , Chen Shaohua , Lee Pooi See 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe widespread adoption of renewable and sustainable elastomers in stretchable electronics has been impeded by challenges in their fabrication and lacklustre performance. Here, we realize a printed sustainable stretchable conductor with superior electrical performance by synthesizing sustainable and recyclable vegetable oil polyurethane (VegPU) elastomeric binder and developing a solution sintering method for their composites with Ag flakes. The binder impedes the propagation of cracks through its porous network, while the solution sintering reaction reduces the resistance increment upon stretching, resulting in high stretchability (350%), superior conductivity (12833 S cm−1), and low hysteresis (0.333) after 100% cyclic stretching. The sustainable conductor was used to print durable and stretchable impedance sensors for non-obstructive detection of fruit maturity in food sensing technology. The combination of sustainable materials and strategies for realizing high-performance stretchable conductors provides a roadmap for the development of sustainable stretchable electronics.
Evolution of a ZW sex chromosome system in willows
Authors: Hu Nan , Sanderson Brian J. , Guo Minghao , Feng Guanqiao , Gambhir Diksha , Hale Haley , Wang Deyan , Hyden Brennan , Liu Jianquan , Smart Lawrence B. , DiFazio Stephen P. , Ma Tao , Olson Matthew S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTransitions in the heterogamety of sex chromosomes (e.g., XY to ZW or vice versa) fundamentally alter the genetic basis of sex determination, however the details of these changes have been studied in only a few cases. In an XY to ZW transition, the X is likely to give rise to the W because they both carry feminizing genes and the X is expected to harbour less genetic load than the Y. Here, using a new reference genome for Salix exigua, we trace the X, Y, Z, and W sex determination regions during the homologous transition from an XY system to a ZW system in willow (Salix). We show that both the W and the Z arose from the Y chromosome. We find that the new Z chromosome shares multiple homologous putative masculinizing factors with the ancestral Y, whereas the new W lost these masculinizing factors and gained feminizing factors. The origination of both the W and Z from the Y was permitted by an unexpectedly low genetic load on the Y and this indicates that the origins of sex chromosomes during homologous transitions may be more flexible than previously considered.
Adjustment of light-responsive NADP dynamics in chloroplasts by stromal pH
Authors: Fukuda Yusuke , Ishiyama Chinami , Kawai-Yamada Maki , Hashida Shin-nosuke 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCyclic electron transfer (CET) predominates when NADP+ is at basal levels, early in photosynthetic induction; however, the mechanism underlying the subsequent supply of NADP+ to fully drive steady-state linear electron transfer remains unclear. Here, we investigated whether CET is involved in de novo NADP+ supply in Arabidopsis thaliana and measured chloroplastic NADP dynamics to evaluate responsiveness to variable light, photochemical inhibitors, darkness, and CET activity. The sum of oxidized and reduced forms shows that levels of NADP and NAD increase and decrease, respectively, in response to light; levels of NADP and NAD decrease and increase in the dark, respectively. Moreover, consistent with the pH change in the stroma, the pH preference of chloroplast NAD+ phosphorylation and NADP+ dephosphorylation is alkaline and weakly acidic, respectively. Furthermore, CET is correlated with upregulation of light-responsive NADP level increases and downregulation of dark-responsive NADP level reductions. These findings are consistent with CET helping to regulate NADP pool size via stromal pH regulation under fluctuating light conditions.