bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Late Glacial fluvial response of the Niers‐Rhine (western Germany) to climate and vegetation change
Authors: Kasse C. , Hoek W. Z. , Bohncke S. J. P. , Konert M. , Weijers J. W. H. , Cassee M. L. , Van Der Zee R. M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe Niers valley was part of the Rhine system that came into existence during the maximum Saalian glaciation and was abandoned at the end of the Weichselian. The aim of the study was to explain the Late Pleniglacial and Late Glacial fluvial dynamics and to explore the external forcing factors: climate change, tectonics and sea level.The sedimentary units have been investigated by large‐scale coring transects and detailed cross‐sections over abandoned channels. The temporal fluvial development has been reconstructed by means of geomorphological relationships, pollen analysis and 14C dating.The Niers‐Rhine experienced a channel pattern change from braided, via a transformational phase, to meandering in the early Late Glacial. This change in fluvial style is explained by climate amelioration at the Late Pleniglacial to Late Glacial transition (at ca. 12.5 k 14C yr BP) and climate‐related hydrological, lithological and vegetation changes. A delayed fluvial response of ca. 400 14C yr (transitional phase) was established. The channel transformations are not related to tectonic effects and sea‐level changes. Successive river systems have similar gradients of ca. 35–40 cm km−1.A meandering river system dominated the Allerød and Younger Dryas periods. The threshold towards braiding was not crossed during the Younger Dryas, but increased aeolian activity has been observed on the Younger Dryas point bars. The final abandonment of the Niers‐Rhine was dated shortly after the Younger Dryas to Holocene transition.Traces of Laacher See pumice have been found in the Niers valley, indicating that the Niers‐Rhine was still in use during the Younger Dryas. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rhizocarpon calibration curve for the Aoraki/Mount Cook area of New Zealand
Authors: Lowell Thomas V. , Schoenenberger Katherine , Deddens James A. , Denton George H. , Smith Colby , Black Jessica , Hendy Chris H. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractDevelopment of Rhizocarpon growth curve from the Aoraki/Mount Cook area of New Zealand provides a means to assess Little Ice Age glacier behaviour and suggests approaches that have wider application. Employing a sampling strategy based on large populations affords the opportunity to assess which of various metrics (e.g. single largest, average of five largest, mean of an entire population) best characterise Rhizocarpon growth patterns. The 98% quantile from each population fitted with a quadric curve forms a reliable representation of the growth pattern. Since this metric does not depend on the original sample size, comparisons are valid where sample strategy must be adapted to local situations or where the original sample size differs. For the Aoraki/Mount Cook area a surface 100 years old will have a 98% quantile lichen diameter of 34.3 mm, whereas a 200‐year‐old surface will have a lichen diameter of 73.7 mm. In the Southern Alps, constraints from the age range of calibration points, the flattening of the quadric calibration curve and ecological factors limit the useful age range to approximately 250 years. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Resistant starch production from mango starch using a single‐screw extruder
Authors: Agustiniano‐Osornio July C , González‐Soto Rosalía A , Flores‐Huicochea Emmanuel , Manrique‐Quevedo Nancy , Sánchez‐Hernández Laura , Bello‐Pérez Luis A 
Published: June 2005

AbstractResistant starches were prepared from mango starch by extrusion. An experimental design with independent variables temperature, screw speed and moisture content produced 20 samples that were studied to determine the effect of these variables on resistant starch (RS) content, water absorption index (WAI) and water solubility index (WSI). RS content was affected by moisture content and temperature. Screw speed and temperature also influenced RS content, the highest level (97 g kg−1) being obtained at low screw speed and high temperature, this pattern can be associated with a longer residence time, which gives rise to more opportunity for amylose chain association. The regression model fitted to the RS experimental results showed a good correlation coefficient (0.80). When moisture content and temperature decreased, WAI increased (105–142 g kg−1), but low WAI values (70–77 g kg−1) were obtained at moisture contents between 200 and 300 g kg−1 and high temperatures (140–150 °C). When moisture content and temperature increased, WSI increased (222–332 g kg−1), but at high temperature value (120 °C) assayed and the lowest moisture content (150 g kg−1), WSI also increased. In the range of moisture contents tested and at low temperatures, only partial gelatinisation occurred and low solubility was obtained. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Antifungal property of the essential oils and their constituents from Cinnamomum osmophloeum leaf against tree pathogenic fungi
Authors: Lee Han‐Chung , Cheng Sen‐Sung , Chang Shang‐Tzen 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis study compares the chemical constituents of leaf essential oils from various geographical provenances of Cinnamomum osmophloeum and investigates their antifungal activities against six tree pathogenic fungi. According to GC‐MS and cluster analyses, the leaf essential oils obtained from different geographical provenances and their relative contents were classified into six chemotypes: cinnamaldehyde type, cinnamaldehyde–cinnamyl acetate type, cinnamyl acetate type, linalool type, camphor type, and mixed type. Results from the antifungal tests show that the leaf essential oils of cinnamaldehyde type and cinnamaldehyde–cinnamyl acetate type have excellent inhibitory effect against Rhizoctonia solani, Collectotrichum gloeosporioides, Ganoderma australe and Fusarium solani. Furthermore, among the fourteen constituents of C osmophloeum leaf essential oils, Z‐cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, geraniol and citral display the best antifungal properties. Comparisons of the antifungal properties of Z‐cinnamaldehyde congeners reveal that Z‐cinnamaldehyde exhibits the best antifungal property of this group. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Fate of aflatoxin M1 in cheese whey processing
Authors: Mendonça Carla , Venâncio Armando 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is an important mycotoxin frequently found in milk and in dairy products. It is a minor metabolic product of Aspergillus flavus and A parasiticus. However, it occurs in dairy products as a metabolite formed in cows from aflatoxin B1 contained in animal feeds. In cheese production, AFM1 distributes between curd and whey, being present in products derived from cheese whey processing. In this study, cheese whey from dairy processing was artificially contaminated with the mycotoxin at about 0.1 µg l−1. Ultra‐filtration experiments of whey were carried out in order to determinate AFM1 distribution between retentate (protein‐rich fraction) and permeate (lactose‐rich fraction). Recoveries of AFM1 in retentate were 72.6–86.4% while, in permeate, recoveries were in the range 2.4–14.7%. Partition coefficients of AFM1, lactose and protein were calculated to determine whether there was an interaction between AFM1 and protein. In all experiments, AFM1 partition coefficient was lower than 1, whilst for lactose coefficients close to 1 were determined, showing an affinity of aflatoxin M1 to the protein‐rich fraction (retentate). Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Whey protein isolate coating and concentration effects on egg shelf life
Authors: Caner Cengiz 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe influences of three different concentrations (6, 12 and 18%) of whey protein isolate (WPI) coatings on shelf‐life enhancements of the fresh egg quality (weight loss, pH, Haugh unit, yolk index and colors) and the shelf life were evaluated at room temperature. All coated eggs showed lower weight loss than uncoated eggs. Less weight loss (2.46 for 12% WPI and 2.38 for 18% WPI) was observed in WPI‐coated eggs. Haugh units (HU) indicated that coated eggs remained in grade ‘A’ during 3 weeks storage period, whereas uncoated (UC) changed from grade ‘A’ to ‘B’ after 1 week of storage. The HU and yolk‐index (YI) values of all WPI‐coated eggs were significantly higher than those of UC. Among the coated eggs, there were no significant differences in HU, but 12 and 18% WPI coated had higher YI than WPI 6% coated and UC. The albumen pH of the UC eggs was significantly higher than that of coated eggs. Yolk lightness (L*) and (b*); shell (a*) and (b*) of coated eggs were not different from UC after 4 weeks. Performance of WPI coatings depended on the concentration up to 12% but not between 12 and 18%. Results also indicated that WPI coatings served as protective barrier for shelf life of the eggs. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of saltgrass as a fodder crop for livestock
Authors: Bustan Amnon , Pasternak Dov , Pirogova Irina , Durikov Muhamet , Devries Tonny T , El‐Meccawi Shaher , Degen A Allan 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFarmland salinization due to unsustainable agricultural practices has become a worldwide problem. Salt‐resistant forage crops, introduced at the primary stages of land reclamation, can provide fodder for livestock, thus adding economic benefit to the process. Saltgrass (Distichlis spicata), a wild halophytic grass species distributed in salt marshes in America, is occasionally grazed by livestock and wild animals. In attempts to domesticate this species, we evaluated and ranked the fodder potential of groups of accessions from several sites in North and South America. Ash content never exceeded 110 g kg−1, even when plants were grown with salty water. Crude protein content was variable and averaged 116 g kg−1 of DM. Mean yield of metabolizable energy was 6.30 and 5.61 kJ g−1 DM for sheep and goats, respectively. Organic matter digestibility (in vitro) was higher in sheep than in goats (506 g kg−1 and 478 g kg−1, respectively) for all saltgrass accessions. Differences in quality parameters were usually larger within than among groups of accession when sorted according to country of origin or ecosystem. Accessions from the South Atlantic coast of North America and from South America were superior in several parameters. South Atlantic coast accessions were relatively vigorous and were productive under saline conditions, as indicated by their relative growth rate (RGR) in small‐scale experiments. Six outstanding saltgrass accessions were chosen for further examination. The results of the present study indicate that saltgrass holds considerable promise for selection and suggest that efforts should continue to identify and characterize additional saltgrass ecotypes. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Preparation and use of packed capillary columns in chromatographic and related techniques
Authors: Lanças Fernando M. , Rodrigues José C. , de S. Freitas Silvia 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn this paper general considerations related to the various approaches and parameters influencing the preparation of highly efficient and stable capillary columns for use in liquid chromatography and related techniques are presented and the column production process is discussed in some detail. The different packing methods available for delivering a packing material into a capillary column are discussed from a practical viewpoint. Packing with a gas (dry packing), packing with a liquid solvent or a mixture of solvents (slurry packing), packing with supercritical carbon dioxide, electrokinetic packing, and sol‐gel packing technologies are introduced and discussed throughout the paper. Practical recommendations for obtaining highly efficient (high plate numbers) and stable capillary packed columns are also addressed and discussed.
Epigenetic inactivation of CHFR in nasopharyngeal carcinoma through promoter methylation
Authors: Cheung Hiu Wing , Ching Yick‐Pang , Nicholls John M. , Ling Ming‐Tat , Wong Y.C. , Hui Nick , Cheung Annie , Tsao Sai Wah , Wang Qi , Yeun P.W. , Lo K.W. , Jin Dong‐Yan , Wang Xianghong 
Published: June 2005

AbstractChromosomal instability (CIN) is a cytogenetic hallmark of human cancers. Increasing evidence suggests that impairment of mitotic checkpoint is causally associated with CIN. CHFR is one of the mitotic checkpoint regulators and it delays chromosome condensation in response to mitotic stress. Epigenetic inactivation of CHFR through promoter CpG hypermethylation may lead to CIN and has been reported in several human cancers. In this study, we investigated the CHFR gene expression in a panel of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), prostate, ovarian, and breast cancer cell lines. We found that the expression of CHFR mRNA was significantly decreased or undetectable in all eight NPC cell lines as well as three human NPC xenografts, whereas non‐malignant nasopharyngeal cell lines and other cancer cell lines tested expressed CHFR at relatively high levels. Hypermethylation of CHFR promoter region was also strongly correlated with decreased CHFR expression in NPC cell lines and xenografts. Treatment with a methyltransferase inhibitor, 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine, led to restoration of CHFR expression in NPC cell lines. More importantly, hypermethylation of CHFR promoter region was detected in 61.1% (22 out of 36) of primary NPC tumors while it was absent in non‐malignant tissues. These findings suggest that downregulation of CHFR is a common event in NPC cells which may be due to hypermethylation of the gene promoter region. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Generation of a unique strain of multiple intestinal neoplasia (Apc+/Min‐FCCC) mice with significantly increased numbers of colorectal adenomas
Authors: Cooper Harry S. , Chang Wen‐Chi L. , Coudry Renata , Gary Monique A. , Everley Lynette , Spittle Cynthia S. , Wang Hao , Litwin Sam , Clapper Margie L. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe relevance of the Apc+/Min mouse model in the study of human colorectal cancer remains uncertain due to the predominance of small intestinal adenomas and few, if any, colorectal adenomas. A new strain of Apc+/Min mice (Apc+/Min‐FCCC) with significantly greater numbers of colorectal adenomas has been generated and characterized. Male C57BL/6J—Apc+/Min mice (the Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME) were crossed with wild‐type (Apc+/+) C57BL/6J females from an independent colony at this institution (offspring = Apc+/Min‐FCCC) and 233 animals were evaluated over 20 generations. In order to determine the contribution of genetics to the enhanced colorectal adenoma phenotype, breeding pairs (Apc+/Min male × wild type female C57BL/6J) were purchased from the Jackson Laboratory and offspring (Apc+/Min‐JAX) were maintained in our facility under identical conditions (n = 98). Animals were fed Purina Rodent chow (#5013) diet containing 5% fat. The entire intestinal tract was examined histopathologically in both strains. Both the Apc and Pla2g2a (candidate for Mom1) genes were sequenced and found to be identical for both the Apc+/Min‐FCCC and Apc+/Min‐JAX mouse strains. The multiplicity of colorectal adenomas in the Apc+/Min‐FCCC mice was much higher than reported in the literature and significantly greater than the multiplicity of colorectal adenomas in Apc+/Min‐JAX mice maintained in our facility (P = 0.01). Apc+/Min‐FCCC had a significantly greater incidence of rectal prolapse (P = 0.02) and small intestinal adenocarcinomes (P = 0.001), and multiplicity of small intestinal adenocarcinomas (P = 0.001) compared to Apc+/Min‐JAX mice. Male Apc+/Min‐FCCC mice had significantly greater numbers of colorectal adenomas compared to female Apc+/Min‐FCCC mice (P = 0.0002), as did male Apc+/Min‐JAX mice vs. female Apc+/Min‐JAX mice (P < 0.0001). These results allow us to conclude: (1) Apc+/Min‐FCCC mice are unique in that they develop significantly greater numbers of colorectal adenomas and small intestinal cancers, and a significantly greater incidence of small intestinal cancers and rectal prolapse than Apc+/Min‐JAX mice. (2) This study represents the first report of a significant gender difference in multiplicity of colorectal adenomas. (3) Differences between Apc+/Min‐FCCC and Apc+/Min‐JAX mice in currently undefined genetic modifiers may contribute to the enhanced colorectal phenotype. (4) The Apc+/Min‐FCCC strain is highly suited for the investigation of colorectal neoplastic disease and chemoprevention studies. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Numerical modelling of chemical effects of magma solidification problems in porous rocks
Authors: Zhao Chongbin , Hobbs B. E. , Ord A. , Peng Shenglin , Mühlhaus H. B. , Liu Liangming 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe solidification of intruded magma in porous rocks can result in the following two consequences: (1) the heat release due to the solidification of the interface between the rock and intruded magma and (2) the mass release of the volatile fluids in the region where the intruded magma is solidified into the rock. Traditionally, the intruded magma solidification problem is treated as a moving interface (i.e. the solidification interface between the rock and intruded magma) problem to consider these consequences in conventional numerical methods. This paper presents an alternative new approach to simulate thermal and chemical consequences/effects of magma intrusion in geological systems, which are composed of porous rocks. In the proposed new approach and algorithm, the original magma solidification problem with a moving boundary between the rock and intruded magma is transformed into a new problem without the moving boundary but with the proposed mass source and physically equivalent heat source. The major advantage in using the proposed equivalent algorithm is that a fixed mesh of finite elements with a variable integration time‐step can be employed to simulate the consequences and effects of the intruded magma solidification using the conventional finite element method. The correctness and usefulness of the proposed equivalent algorithm have been demonstrated by a benchmark magma solidification problem. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental (FT‐ICR) and theoretical (DFT) estimation of the basic site preference for the bidentate molecule 2‐(β‐aminoethyl)‐pyridine: similarity with histamine
Authors: Raczyńska Ewa D. , Rudka Tomasz , Darowska Małgorzata , Dąbkowska Iwona , Gal Jean‐François , Maria Pierre‐Charles 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe gas‐phase basicity of 2‐(β‐aminoethyl)‐pyridine (AEP)—an agonist of the histamine H1 receptor—containing two potential basic sites (the ring N‐aza and the chain N‐amino) was obtained from proton‐transfer equilibrium constant measurements using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT‐ICR). Comparison of the experimental gas‐phase basicity found for AEP with those reported for monobasic model compounds indicates that the ring N‐aza is the favoured site of protonation, as with histamine. The gas‐phase basicity of AEP is lower than that of histamine by only 1.3 kcal mol−1. DFT(B3LYP)/6–31G* calculations performed for AEP, histamine and their protonated forms confirm this interpretation. The energy barriers calculated at the DFT(B3LYP)/6–31G* level for internal transfer of the proton (ITP) between the ring N‐aza and the chain N‐amino in AEP and histamine are extremely low, and vanish when thermal corrections are applied to obtain the enthalpies or Gibbs energies of activation for the proton transfer. This indicates that the quantum‐chemical ITPs in AEP and histamine have a single‐well character, similar to that proposed for the previously studied dibasic nitrogen ligand, N1,N1‐dimethyl‐N2‐β‐(2‐pyridylethyl)‐formamidine, where two potential nitrogen basic sites (both nitrogen atoms in sp2 hybridization) are separated by the ethylene group. Enlarging the basis set to 6‐311G(2d,p) has no influence on this finding. A change of the basicity centre preference in AEP from the ring N‐aza to the chain N‐amino on going from the gas phase to aqueous solution was predicted using the polarizable continuum model applied to the DFT(B3LYP)/6–31G* optimized geometries of the N‐aza and N‐amino monoprotonated forms. This behaviour is similar to that observed for histamine. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural aspects of phase transition in pyrrole‐2,5‐dithioamide single crystals
Authors: Dobrzycki Lukasz , Zielinski Tomasz , Jurczak Janusz , Wozniak Krzysztof 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe new pyrrole thioamide derivative 1H‐pyrrole‐2,5‐dithiocarboxylic acid bis(n‐butylamide) exists in two different phases with the first‐order phase transition at ∼195.8 K on heating up. We describe details of the lower and higher temperature phases and the nature of the phase transition. The high‐temperature phase is centrosymmetric, with the molecule having one statically disordered aliphatic chain, whereas the low‐temperature crystals are characterized by chiral P21 space group symmetry with the unit cell volume six times bigger than the volume of the high‐temperature phase. Although the unit cell volume changes continuously with temperature, all other geometric parameters of the unit cell (a, b, c, β) change in a discrete manner during the phase transition. We propose a model explaining the structural disorder observed at high temperature and discuss the variation of properties of weak interactions on decrease of symmetry. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of hydrogen‐bonded nucleophiles in aromatic nucleophilic substitutions in aprotic solvents. reactions of halonitrobenzenes with ethylenediamine, 3‐dimethylamino‐1‐propylamine and histamine in toluene
Authors: Alvaro Cecilia E. Silvana , Nudelman Norma Sbarbati 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe kinetics of the reactions between 1‐halogeno‐2,4‐dinitrobenzene (halogen = F, Cl) and the amines ethylenediamine (EDA) and 3‐dimethylamino‐1‐propylamine (DMPA) were studied in toluene at 25° ± 0.2C under pseudo‐first‐order conditions using varying amounts of amine. Even with Cl as the nucleofugue (where usually the first step is rate‐determining), a third‐order‐in‐amine kinetic law was observed: these results can be interpreted within the ‘dimer nucleophile’ mechanism where the amine homo‐aggregates are better nucleophiles than the amine monomers. To confirm this interpretation, the reaction of 2,4‐dinitrofluorobenzene with histamine was studied in the same solvent. Because of the rigid geometry, an intramolecular hydrogen bond is easily established, which prevents the formation of self‐aggregates. Consequently, the plot ofkAvs. [histamine] is a straight line, as expected for a classical mechanism of base‐catalysed decomposition of the zwitterionic intermediate. All these results are well explained in the frame of the ‘dimer nucleophile’ mechanism. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relation between resonance energy and substituent resonance effect in P‐phenols
Authors: Krygowski Tadeusz M. , Stępień Beata T. , Cyrański Michal K. , Ejsmont Krzysztof 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMolecular geometries of phenol and its 17 p‐substituted derivatives were optimized at the B3LYP/6–311 + G** level of theory. Three homodesmotic and three isodesmotic reaction schemes were used to estimate aromatic stabilization energies (ASE) and the substituent effect stabilization energy (SESE). Other descriptors of π‐electron delocalization (HOMA and NICS, NICS(1) and NICS(1)zz) were also estimated. The SESE and ASE values correlated well with one another as well as with substituent constants. Much worse correlations with substituent constants were found for other aromaticity indices. The NICS(1)zz values are the most negative for unsubstituted phenol, indicating its highest aromaticity; that was not the case for NICS(1) and NICS. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.