bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Absence of either gastric or intestinal phenotype in microscopic differentiated gastric carcinomas
Authors: Kawachi Hiroshi , Takizawa Touichiro , Eishi Yoshinobu , Shimizu Shinichiro , Kumagai Jiro , Funata Nobuaki , Koike Morio 
Published: March 2003

AbstractDifferentiated gastric carcinoma (DGC) corresponds roughly to the intestinal type of gastric carcinoma described by Laurén. It has been suggested that DGCs arise from intestinalized gastric mucosa, but recent findings regarding their mucin expression do not support this hypothesis. To evaluate the histogenetic relationship between DGCs and intestinal metaplasia, lesions that are as small as possible should be examined. Twenty‐five DGCs, ranging in their greatest dimension from 0.4 to 2.7 mm, were collected and divided into two groups by size. Group A consisted of 13 lesions less than 1.4 mm across, and group B of 12 lesions 1.4 mm or more. The presence of mucin and a brush border was assessed by immunostaining with antibodies against human gastric mucin, pyloric‐gland‐type mucin, Muc‐2 glycoprotein, and CD10 antigen, and the lesions were classified as having the gastric phenotype (G‐type), intestinal phenotype (I‐type), mixed gastric and intestinal phenotype (M‐type), or null phenotype (N‐type). Thirteen (52%) of the 25 lesions were N‐type, 5 (20%) lesions were G‐type, 5 (20%) were I‐type, and 2 (8%) were M‐type. Group A had a larger proportion of N‐type lesions than B (10/13, or 77%, vs. 3/12, or 25%; p = 0.027, chi‐square test for proportions). Group B had a larger proportion of G‐type lesions than A (5/12, or 42%, vs. 0/13, or 0%; p = 0.033). The phenotypes of the carcinomas and their surrounding mucosa were unrelated. Therefore, DGCs may arise from gastric mucosa affected by intestinal metaplasia or not, without having either the gastric or intestinal phenotype. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fungale Pathogene: Was passiert bei Pilzinfektionen auf molekularer Ebene?
Authors: Borg‐von Zepelin Margarete , Monod Michel 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn den letzten Jahren haben potenzielle Virulenzfaktoren bei den in unseren Breiten häufig vorkommenden Pilzspezies, Candida und Aspergillus, sowie bei den Dermatophyten Interesse erlangt. Durch die neuen molekularbiologischen Werkzeuge lassen sich zudem bessere Aussagen über den Einfluss auf die Virulenz treffen. Bei den Hefen der Gattung Candida wurden eine Reihe von Faktoren identifiziert, die eine Bedeutung bei der jeweiligen Ausprägung der Erkrankung haben könnten. Dies sind der Dimorphismus der Hefen, verschiedene Adhärenzproteine sowie eine Reihe sekretorischer Hydrolasen. Mit Hilfe von sog. Defektmutantenstämmen konnte eine Beteiligung an der Virulenz nachgewiesen werden. Die sekretorischen Aspartatproteasen bieten zudem einen verheißungsvollen therapeutischen Ansatzpunkt.Auch bei der Spezies Aspergillus sind bereits eine Reihe von Faktoren für eine Beteiligung an der Virulenz diskutiert worden. Hierzu zählen Adhäsine, Pigmente, toxische Substanzen und drei Proteasen sowie Katalasen und Superoxiddismutasen. Mit Ausnahme des Pigments Melanin konnte jedoch bislang bei keinem der postulierten Faktoren mit der Hilfe von Mutantenstämmen der Nachweis der Virulenz erbracht werden.Die Dermatophyten zeichnen sich durch die Fähigkeit aus, in keratinisierte Gewebe von Mensch und Tier (Haut, Haar, Nägel) einzudringen. Die betroffenen Patienten sind dabei in der Regel nicht immunsupprimiert. Hier ist es naheliegend, dass eine Vielzahl verschiedener Enzyme an diesem Infektionsprozess beteiligt ist. Das Wissen über Virulenzfaktoren ist bei dieser Gruppe von Pilzen noch gering. Bei Microsporoncanis wurden bislang zwei Proteasen charakterisiert und sequenziert. Hier stehen jedoch molekularbiologische Untersuchungen zur Beteiligung an der Virulenz noch aus.
Resistenzen und Resistenzmechanismen: Wie „entkommen”︁ Pilze der Therapie?
Authors: Morschhäuser Joachim 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPathogene Pilze haben Mechanismen entwickelt, um gegen die Medikamente, die gegen invasive Pilzinfektionen verfügbar sind, resistent zu werden. Am wichtigsten sind hierbei Veränderungen der Zielstrukturen, die zu einer reduzierten Bindung der Antimykotika führen, und das aktive Ausschleusen der Substanzen aus der Zelle durch Effluxpumpen. Die bei Bakterien häufige enzymatische Inaktivierung von Antibiotika spielt bei der Resistenzentwicklung von Pilzen dagegen offensichtlich keine Rolle, und eine Ausbreitung von Resistenzen durch horizontalen Gentransfer wurde für klinisch relevante Pilze bisher ebenfalls nicht beschrieben. Dennoch ist die Resistenzentwicklung bei pathogenen Pilzen zu einem wichtigen Problem geworden, dem auch in Zukunft durch die Entwicklung neuer Antimykotika mit unterschiedlicher Wirkungsweise begegnet werden muss.
Mild fetal cerebral ventriculomegaly as a prenatal sonographic marker for Kartagener syndrome
Authors: Wessels Marja W. , den Hollander Nicolette S. , Willems Patrick J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPrimary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), also referred to as immotile‐cilia syndrome or Kartagener syndrome, is a group of genetic disorders caused by defective cilia leading to chronic sinupulmonary infection, situs inversus and reduced fertility. Some PCD patients also have cerebral ventriculomegaly or hydrocephalus.We report here two fetuses and one newborn with mild cerebral ventriculomegaly and a suspected and/or confirmed diagnosis of PCD. These cases demonstrate that mild fetal cerebral ventriculomegaly can be a prenatal sonographic marker of PCD, certainly in fetuses with situs inversus or a history of a previous sib with PCD. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of cortical gyrus and sulcus formation using MR images in normal fetuses
Authors: Abe Seiji , Takagi Kenjiro , Yamamoto Tatsuo , Okuhata Yoshitaka , Kato Toshinori 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to estimate the development of the gyrus and sulcus formation in normal fetuses on the basis of the neuroanatomical findings using MR images in relation to gestational age.MethodsThe MR images were obtained from 109 normal fetuses from 18 to 39 weeks of gestation with no neurological problems. The MR images were classified into 8 stages of development for the gyrus and sulcus formation in the frontal and temporal lobes on the basis of the neuroanatomical findings reported by Chi et al. (1977) and Dorovini‐Zis and Dolman (1977). We examined retrospectively the relationship between our classification and gestational age in comparison with the five‐stage classification proposed by McArdle et al. (1987).ResultsThere were significant differences in the gestational age among the 8 groups (P < 0.001). Multiple comparison of individual groups revealed significant differences in the gestational age among the groups (P < 0.05). Images from 28 to 34 weeks of gestation were classified into 4 stages in our classification, while being covered by one stage in McArdle's classification.ConclusionOur classification is useful for the assessment of fetal cerebral maturation during the third trimester of pregnancy and may contribute to the prenatal diagnosis of developmental delay of the gyrus and sulcus formation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isolated pericardial effusion in the human fetus: a report of three cases
Authors: Azancot A. , Diehl R. , Dorgeret S. , Sebag G. , Baumann C. , Vuillard E. , Machado L. , Luton D. , Oury J. F. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveOur objective was to determine the possible underlying etiologies and outcome in isolated fetal pericardial effusion.MethodsDoppler fetal echocardiography allowed the diagnosis of pericardial effusion in three patients and revealed the etiology in two.ResultsWe present the findings in three cases of isolated pericardial effusion. In the first, the pericardial effusion was a manifestation of trisomy 21 associated with a myeloproliferative disorder. In the second, the pericardial fluid collection was the first sign of an autosomal recessive disease, idiopathic infantile arterial calcification.The third case was remarkable because of the spontaneous resolution of a large pericardial fluid collection.ConclusionIsolated fetal pericardial effusion covers a wide spectrum of etiologies from severe genetic and chromosomal diseases to transient forms. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development and targeted application of a rapid QF‐PCR test for sex chromosome imbalance
Authors: Donaghue Celia , Roberts Angharad , Mann Kathy , Ogilvie Caroline Mackie 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectivesA QF‐PCR test has been developed to diagnose sex chromosome imbalances in prenatal samples and has been applied to a diagnostic service.MethodsThe test uses a PCR multiplex with eight primer pairs: six X‐chromosome polymorphic markers, including two markers from Xp (a region not included in previously published sex chromosome aneuploidy tests), one polymorphic marker for a locus common to the long arms of the X and Y chromosomes, and the non‐polymorphic amelogenin marker. Homozygosity for all X‐chromosome markers and the absence of the Y‐chromosome amelogenin marker is highly likely (907 : 1) to represent monosomy X (Turner syndrome), but interphase FISH is always used to confirm such a result.ResultsBlind studies were carried out to validate the test and the first year of clinical use has been reported. Results are usually issued within one working day, and the test is more efficient than interphase FISH.ConclusionsThe sex chromosome imbalance test has been targeted to prenatal samples displaying a clear ultrasound indication consistent with Turner syndrome, and has also been used to identify fetal sex in pregnancies at risk of inheriting a sex‐linked molecular disorder. No misdiagnoses were made. It is concluded that QF‐PCR can rapidly and accurately diagnose sex chromosome status and imbalances, reducing maternal anxiety and aiding in efficient pregnancy management. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of the Cu(In,Ga)Se2thickness and Ga grading on solar cell performance
Authors: Lundberg Olle , Bodegård Marika , Malmström Jonas , Stolt Lars 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThin‐film solar cells with Cu(In,Ga)Se2(CIGS) absorber layers ranging from 1.8 to 0.15 μm in thickness were fabricated by co‐evaporation, with both homogeneous and Ga/(Ga + In) graded composition. The absorption of the CIGS layers was determined and compared with corresponding QE measurements in order to obtain the optical related losses. The material characterization included XRD as well as cross‐sectional SEM analysis. Devices with CIGS layers of all thicknesses were fabricated, and down to 0.8–1 μm they showed a maintained high performance (η ∼ 15%). When the CIGS layer was further reduced in thickness the loss in performance increased. The main loss was observed for the short‐circuit current, although the loss was not only due to a reduced absorbance. The open‐circuit voltage was essentially not affected by the reduction of the CIGS thickness, while the fill factor showed a slight decrease. The fill factor loss was eliminated by introducing a Ga/(Ga+In) graded CIGS, which also resulted in an increased open‐circuit voltage of 20–30 mV for all CIGS thicknesses. Device results of 16.1% efficiency at 1.8 μm CIGS thickness, 15.0% at 1.0 μm and 12.1% at 0.6 μm (total area without anti‐reflective coating) were achieved. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of mismatch and non‐uniform illumination losses in monolithically series‐connected GaAs photovoltaic converters
Authors: Peña Rafael , Algora Carlos 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis work evaluates the influence of mismatch illumination on the performance of GaAs monolithically series‐connected photovoltaic converters under laser illumination. A theoretical model which takes into account nonuniform illumination, light spillage and mismatch losses is presented. The influence of laser spot size on the converter efficiency is also addressed.The laser spot size must be chosen in order to make a trade‐off between mismatch and nonuniform illumination losses, which predominate in a laser spot diameter smaller than the diameter of the device, and spillage losses, which predominate in a laser spot diameter larger than that of the device. For single photovoltaic converters, it is advisable to reduce the laser spot diameter to values to less than that of the converter. For multiple photovoltaic converters, especially if there is a considerable misalignment between the light source and the device, a spot diameter slightly larger than that of the device is recommended. Otherwise, mismatch losses could severely limit MPC performance. When the laser beam diameter equals the device diameter, and for a 5% misalignment, efficiencies of 55.0, 53.6 and 50.1% are envisaged, for two‐, three‐ and six‐sector multiple photovoltaic converters, respectively. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A simple affinity spin tube filter method for removing high‐abundant common proteins or enriching low‐abundant biomarkers for serum proteomic analysis
Authors: Wang Young Y. , Cheng Paul (Chung Pui) , Chan Daniel W. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAlthough it is possible to identify new proteins from crude cell extracts using proteomics technology, it is often difficult to elucidate low‐abundant biomarkers in the presence of a large amount of high‐abundant proteins in serum. We have developed a simple and rapid method using an affinity spin tube filter to remove high‐abundant common proteins and enrich the low‐abundant biomarkers. The affinity spin tube filter contains protein G, coupled with antibodies against either high‐abundant proteins or specific proteins of interest. After incubating with serum, the flow‐through or the elute was collected and analyzed by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis. By using this affinity spin tube filter, the possibilities of identifying new biomarkers are shown. This technique could be used for large‐scale sample preparation for high‐throughput proteomic analysis.
Antibody microarrays: An evaluation of production parameters
Authors: Kusnezow Wlad , Jacob Anette , Walijew Alexandra , Diehl Frank , Hoheisel Jörg D. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAntibody microarrays could have an enormous impact on the functional analysis of cellular activity and regulation, especially at the level of protein expression and protein‐protein interaction, and might become an invaluable tool in disease diagnostics. The array surface is bound to have a tremendous influence on the findings from such studies. Apart from the basic issue of how to attach antibodies optimally without affecting their function, it is also important that the cognate antigens, applied within a complex protein mixture, all bind to the arrayed antibodies irrespective of their enormous variety in structure. In this study, various factors in the production of antibody microarrays on glass support were analysed: the modification of the glass surface; kind and length of cross‐linkers; composition and pH of the spotting buffer; blocking reagents; antibody concentration and storage procedures, in order to evaluate their effect on array performance. Altogether, data from more than 700 individual array experiments were taken into account. In addition to home‐made slides, commercially available systems were also included in the analysis.
Short communication The rapid detection of low molecular mass proteins differentially expressed under biological stress for four Helicobacter spp. using ProteinChip® technology
Authors: Hynes Sean O. , McGuire Jim , Falt Tobias , Wadström Torkel 
Published: March 2003

AbstractHelicobacter pylori is one of the most prevalent human pathogens in the world and is the aetiological agent of gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and gastric malignancies. In addition H. pylori and other novel members of the genus are capable of successfully colonising the bile‐rich niche of the upper intestine and are associated with a diverse range of intestinal pathologies. Surface‐enhanced laser desorption/ionisation‐time of flight mass spectrometry was used to analyse surface extracts from H. pylori, Helicobacter bilis, Helicobacter pullorum and “Helicobacter sp. flexispira” to characterise cell surface changes following bile stress. The system detected two distinct response patterns to bile stress on the cell surface of Helicobacter spp. in vitro. The first involved the increase under bile stress of peaks at 7.6 and 7.9 kDa for H. billis and H. pullorum, respectively. In contrast both “Helicobacter sp. flexispira” and a clinical isolate of H. pylori had similar response profiles to bile stress. Both strains had at least three low mass peaks decreased under bile stress and a single peak induced by bile stress. The present study has established the use of ProteinChip® technology to analyse helicobacter‐related proteomics. Specifically this study has established that different patterns are generated in response to bile stress among various pathogenic Helicobacter spp. which may give insights into the ability of these strains to colonise different niches.
Depletion of the highly abundant protein albumin from human plasma using the Gradiflow
Authors: Rothemund Deborah L. , Locke Vicki L. , Liew Audrey , Thomas Theresa M. , Wasinger Valerie , Rylatt Dennis B. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAnalysis of complex protein samples by two‐dimensional electrophoresis (2‐DE) is often more difficult in the presence of a few predominant proteins. In plasma, proteins such as albumin mask proteins of lower abundance, as well as significantly limiting the amount of protein that can be loaded onto the immobilized pH gradient strip. In this paper the Gradiflow, a preparative electrophoresis system, has been used to deplete human plasma of the highly abundant protein albumin under native and denatured conditions. A three step protocol incorporating a charge separation to collect proteins with an isoelectric point greater than albumin and two size separations to isolate proteins larger and smaller than albumin, was used. When the albumin depleted fractions were analysed on pH 3–10 2‐DE gels, proteins that were masked by albumin were revealed and proteins not seen in the unfractionated plasma sample were visualised. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation‐time of flight mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the identification of the protein that lies beneath albumin to be C4B‐binding protein α chain. The liquid fractions from the Gradiflow separations were also analysed by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry to confirm the proteins were separated according to their size and charge mobility in an electric field.
Proteomic profiling of proteins associated with urokinase plasminogen activator receptor in a colon cancer cell line using an antisense approach
Authors: Ahmed Nuzhat , Oliva Karen , Wang Yao , Quinn Michael , Rice Greg 
Published: March 2003

AbstractExpression of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR) strongly correlates with a malignant tumour cell phenotype. In the multistep process of metastasis, uPA binding to uPAR influences different cellular functions. In the present study, a highly metastatic colon cancer cell line, HCT116 was transfected with an expression vector containing a 5’ uPAR cDNA fragment in an antisense orientation. This construct was most effective in reducing uPAR cell surface expression as confirmed by flow cytometry analysis. Antisense transfection of HCT116 cells had no effect on proliferation but the following effects were observed: (1) a 1.3‐fold decreased adhesion; (2) a two‐fold decreased Erk MAP kinase activity; (3) a 2.7‐fold decrease in Src kinase activity; (4) a 1.5‐ and two‐fold decrease in uPA cell surface expression and secretion; (5) abrogation of promatrix metalloproteinase‐9 secretion; and (6) a complete suppression of plasminogen‐dependent matrix degradation. Using proteomic analysis, we demonstrate loss of approximately 200 proteins and quantitative differences in the expression of 141 other proteins in an antisense‐clone compared to wild‐type and mock‐transfected control. Such changes in protein expression with the down‐regulation of uPAR may be an important contributor in colon cancer progression and metastasis and may not only provide a basis to develop a proteomic data bank of uPAR‐mediated signaling molecules but may also lead to the development of therapeutic approaches for the cure and better management of colon cancer.
The role of peptide deformylase in protein biosynthesis: A proteomic study
Authors: Bandow Julia Elisabeth , Becher Dörte , Büttner Knut , Hochgräfe Falko , Freiberg Christoph , Brötz Heike , Hecker Michael 
Published: March 2003

AbstractRecently we investigated the influence of classical and emerging antibiotics on the proteome of Bacillus subtilis including in our studies actinonin, a potent novel inhibitor of peptide deformylase. The protein synthesis pattern under actinonin treatment changed so dramatically that a direct comparison to the control pattern was impossible. Dual channel imaging revealed that actinonin treatment caused the majority of newly synthesised proteins to accumulate in spots different from the ones usually observed, indicating a more acidic isoelectric point. Two strategies were used to investigate the nature of the charge shift. In the first place, protein patterns of a conditional peptide deformylase mutant under nonrepressing and repressing conditions were compared. Secondly, several protein pairs excised from two‐dimensional (2‐D) gels of the peptide deformylase mutant, exponentially growing untreated wild‐type and the actinonin treated wild‐type were investigated with matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization and electrospray ionization (ESI) time of flight mass spectrometry (TOF MS) for the existence of N‐terminal formylation. Under nonrepressing conditions the mutant protein pattern resembled that of the wild‐type. The loss of peptide deformylase activity under repressing conditions led to the same pI shift observed for actinonin treatment in the wild‐type. Quadrupole TOF‐MS on 11 protein pairs proved that the remaining N‐terminal formyl residue was indeed responsible for the charge shift. Eight of these protein pairs were also present on 2‐D gels of exponentially growing B. subtilis, where the more acidic, still formylated protein species represented the smaller parts.
Mimicry of dimerization by synthetic peptides designed to target homologous regions of proteins
Authors: Dwyer Donard S. , Ardizzone Timothy D. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractRapid progress in sequencing various genomes has highlighted the need for the development of biochemical reagents for the detection of thousands of expressed gene products. The magnitude of this detection problem exceeds current technical capabilities. In an attempt to address this shortcoming, a novel approach has been developed called mimicry of dimerization. Peptide tags have been designed to bind to a specific region of parvalbumin on the basis of amino acid sequence homology with this segment. Multivalent ligands were produced by coupling the synthetic peptides to activated dextran polymers and binding was assessed by chemiluminescence of enhanced avidity reactions using a high density of target protein at the binding surface. Binding of the peptide ligands to parvalbumin was strongest under assay conditions that enriched for native monomeric protein and was affected by pH, temperature and solvent conditions. The results suggest that it should be possible to develop specific reagents for tagging proteins on the basis of sequence and secondary structure information.