bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Oral Hygiene and Gingival Outcomes in Children With Special Care Needs Using Powered or Manual Toothbrushes: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Shaikh Anam A. , Jawdekar Ashwin M. , Saraf Tanvi A. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimThis systematic review and meta‐analysis (SRMA) compares oral hygiene and gingival outcomes in children with special care needs (CSCNs) using powered or manual toothbrushes.Material and MethodsTwo authors searched articles using PubMed and Cochrane library; the search was extended to other databases to include publications until July 2024. RCTs available in English were included. Oral hygiene and gingival outcomes in CSCNs, using powered or manual toothbrushes were: plaque index (PI), Quigley Hein plaque index (QHPI), gingival index (GI), and oral hygiene index simplified (OHI‐S). ROB and publication bias was assessed using Cochrane tool and funnel plots, respectively. Meta‐analyses were performed using forest plots. GRADE was used for the quality.ResultsTwelve studies were included in SR and 11 studies in MA. In relation to GI and in the subgroup analysis of QHPI, powered toothbrushing was superior to manual toothbrushing with SMD −0.681 [95% CI (−0.911 to −0.451)] and SMD −0.85 [95% CI (−1.166 to −0.53)], respectively using REM. Comparisons with other indices exhibited no significant differences. The ROB and publication bias were moderate, quality of evidence was low to moderate GRADE.ConclusionPowered toothbrushes had favorable outcomes in a few but not all parameters. The overall quality of evidence is low.PROSPERO registration IDCRD42024579260
Humility as Personal Resource: A Conservation of Resources Perspective
Authors: Manix Kelly G. , Abston Kristie A. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis conceptual research investigates humility as a critical personal resource through the Conservation of Resources (COR) theory framework, addressing its role in reducing psychological distress and enhancing well‐being. We argue that humility facilitates improved resource management through learning, social bonding, and self‐transcendence. Humble individuals are better equipped to build skills, foster trust and social support, and direct energy toward goals beyond the self, all of which promote resilience. These humility‐specific resource‐building activities can help mitigate stress and initiate upward spirals of resource accumulation, which are crucial for thriving in stressful conditions. Furthermore, the paper explores the implications of humility for marginalized communities, suggesting that collective humility may improve resource accessibility and inclusion. This work not only provides theoretical insights into the link between humility and well‐being but also provides a possible explanation for the motivations and situational variables that prompt humble behavior. Practical interventions for enhancing public mental health are also discussed.
Ammonia‐oxidizing microorganisms and microbial respiration: Biochar ammonium/nitrate‐based fertilizer effects on soil nitrification and crop performance
Authors: Li Yuxuan , El‐Desouki Zeinab , Riaz Muhammad , Abd‐Elkader Ali M. , Babar Saba , Wang Xiangling , Wang JiYuan , Xia Xiaoyang , Jiang Cuncang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBiochar and N fertilizers can significantly influence the abundance and functionality of ammonia‐oxidizing microorganisms (AMO), which are critical for nitrogen cycling and soil health. This study investigates the synergistic effects of combined application of biochar (2% w/w) and different N fertilizers, that is ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), sodium nitrate (NaNO3) and ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) at 200 mg kg−1 each, in affecting the soil nitrification processes and microbial activities and later, these effects were correlated with the growth of Chinese cabbage under acidic soil conditions. Our results indicated that Co‐application of biochar with NH4Cl reduced cabbage height and biomass by 44.35% and 38.52%, respectively. However, application of biochar in association with enhanced the activity of ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) by 47.87% in comparison with BCN1, which was mainly because of enhanced N absorption by plant leading to its increased growth and biomass. Moreover, BCN3 treatment reshaped the microbial community composition and enhanced the relative abundances of AOA‐Nitrososphaera and AOB‐norank_d_Bacteria. At the same time, NH4NO3 treatment decreased the relative abundances of AOA‐norank_d_Archaea and AOB‐Nitrosomonadaceae, which negatively affected the AMO activities. Consequently, application of biochar in conjunction with NH4NO3 could enhance AMO activities, which resultantly, provided more NO3−‐N for cabbage uptake and enhanced its growth as opposed to its collaboration with NH4Cl under acidic soil. In conclusions, the combined application of biochar and N fertilizers (NaNO3 and NH4NO3) improved plant growth and biomass more than NH4Cl application. These results highlight the potential for integrating biochar into fertilization practices to promote sustainable soil health.
Mapping National‐Scale Road Surface Types Using Multisource Open Data and Deep Learning Model
Authors: Zhou Qi , Liu Yaoming , Liu Zixian 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIdentifying road surface type (e.g., paved and unpaved) is crucial for pavement maintenance, transportation management, and road network accessibility research. Existing approaches relying on vehicle‐mounted devices or remote sensing data are have limitation for large‐scale road networks. This study proposes a novel approach to identify national‐scale road surface type using multiple open geospatial datasets and machine learning models. Specifically, 16 input variables were designed based on these datasets (including OpenStreetMap, GDP, population, building height, and land cover). Nigeria and Cameroon were selected as study areas. A substantial dataset, auto‐extracting road surface tags from OpenSreetMap, was used to train a model. The trained model predicted road surface types across the two study areas. Result indicated: (1) Most of the input variables positively impact the output variable, with “road class” being the most influential; (2) The proposed approach with deep learning model‐TabNet performs the best, with an overall accuracy above 85%; and (3) More than 83% of roads in the two African countries are unpaved, with paved roads concentrated in backbone roads and southern provinces. This approach has been validated and offers valuable insights for local authorities aiming to enhance road infrastructure.
Effect of glutathione reductase on photosystem II characterization and reactive oxygen species metabolism in cotton cytoplasmic male sterile line Jin A
Authors: Zhang Li , Jing Panpan , Geng Biao , Shi Jinjiang , Zhang Jinlong , Liang Dong , Yang Yujie , Qu Yunfang , Huang Jinling 
Published: January 2025

SUMMARYGlutathione reductase (GR) maintains the cellular redox state by reducing oxidized glutathione to glutathione (GSH), which regulates antioxidant defense. Additionally, GR plays an essential role in photosynthesis; however, the mechanism by which GR regulates photosystem II (PSII) is largely unknown. We identified six, three, and three GR genes in Gossypium hirsutum, Gossypium arboreum, and Gossypium raimondii, respectively. We found that GhGR1 and GhGR3 proteins were localized in the chloroplasts, whereas GhGR5 was localized in the cell membrane. Cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line Jin A was ideal to explore GR functions because accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was increased and expression of GhGR was downregulated at the key stage of microspore abortion in anthers compared to maintainer Jin B. The GR activity and relative GhGR1, GhGR3, GhGR5 gene expressions decreased significantly at the key stage of microspore abortion in Jin A‐CMS compared to that in Jin B, resulting in an increase in ROS and a decrease in photochemical efficiency in PSII. GhGR1 and GhGR3 overexpression in Arabidopsis decreased ROS levels in anthers and leaves compared to the wild‐type. Biochemical analysis of GhGR1 and GhGR3 silencing in Gossypium L. showed that ROS content was increased and photochemical efficiency of PSII was inhibited in leaves. Complementation experiments in tobacco and yeast indicated that GhGR1 interacted with GhPsbX, which was one of the subunits of the PSII protein complex. Taken together, these findings suggest that chloroplast GR plays an important role in PSII and ROS metabolism by interacting with PsbX in cotton plants.
Deciphering the biosynthetic pathway of triterpene saponins in Prunella vulgaris
Authors: Liu Si‐Jie , Liu Zhengtai , Shao Bing‐Yan , Li Tao , Zhu Xinning , Wang Ren , Shi Lei , Xu Sheng , Van de Peer Yves , Xue Jia‐Yu 
Published: January 2025

SUMMARYThe traditional Chinese medicinal plant Prunella vulgaris contains numerous triterpene saponin metabolites, notably ursolic and oleanolic acid saponins, which have significant pharmacological values. Despite their importance, the genes responsible for synthesizing these triterpene saponins in P. vulgaris remain unidentified. This study used a comprehensive screening methodology, combining phylogenetic analysis, gene expression assessment, metabolome–transcriptome correlation and co‐expression analysis, to identify candidate genes involved in triterpene saponins biosynthesis. Nine candidate genes – two OSCs, three CYP716s and four UGT73s – were precisely identified from large gene families comprising hundreds of members. These genes were subjected to heterologous expression and functional characterization, with enzymatic activity assays confirming their roles in the biosynthetic pathway, aligning with bioinformatics predictions. Analysis revealed that these genes originated from a whole‐genome duplication (WGD) event in P. vulgaris, highlighting the potential importance of WGD for plant metabolism. This study addresses the knowledge gap in the biosynthesis of triterpene saponins in P. vulgaris, establishing a theoretical foundation for industrial production via synthetic biology. Additionally, we present an efficient methodological protocol that integrates evolutionary principles and bioinformatics techniques in metabolite biosynthesis research. This approach holds significant value for studies focused on unraveling various biosynthetic pathways.
Understanding the electron pathway fluidity of Synechocystis in biophotovoltaics
Authors: Schneider Hans , Lai Bin , Krömer Jens O. 
Published: January 2025

SUMMARYBiophotovoltaics offers a promising low‐carbon footprint approach to utilize solar energy. It aims to couple natural oxygenic photosynthetic electrons to an external electron sink. This lays the foundation for a potentially high light‐to‐energy efficiency of the Biophotovoltaic process. However, there are still uncertainties around demonstrating the direct coupling of electron fluxes between photosystems and the external electrode. The dynamic cellular electron transfer network linked to physiological and environmental parameters poses a particular challenge here. In this work, the active cellular electron transfer network was modulated by tuning the cultivating conditions of Synechocystis and the operating conditions in Biophotovoltaics. The current output during darkness was found to be determined by the intracellular glycogen levels. Minimizing the intracellular glycogen pools also eliminated the dark‐current output. Moreover, our results provide strong evidence that water splitting in photosystem II is the electron source enabling photocurrent, bypassing the microbe's metabolism. Eliminating the storage carbon as possible source of electrons did not reduce the specific photocurrent output, indicating an efficient coupling of photosynthetic electron flux to the anode. Furthermore, inhibiting respiration on the one hand increased the photocurrent and on the other hand showed a negative effect on the dark‐current output. This suggested a switchable role of the respiratory electron transfer chain in the extracellular electron transfer pathway. Overall, we conclude that Synechocystis dynamically switches electron sources and utilizes different extracellular transfer pathways for the current output toward the external electron sink, depending on the physiological and environmental conditions.
Transcriptomic profiling of dorsal root ganglia in atopic and healthy dogs: A comparative RNA sequencing study with implications in cutaneous itch research
Authors: Tamamoto‐Mochizuki Chie , Mishra Santosh K. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundItch is a common clinical sign in skin disorders. While the neural pathways of itch transmission from the skin to the brain are well understood in rodents, the same pathways in dogs remain unclear. The knowledge gap hinders the development of effective treatments for canine itch‐related disorders.Hypothesis/ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the differential gene expression in the dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) between healthy and atopic dogs to identify specific molecules potentially involved in itch signalling and neuroinflammation in canine atopic dermatitis (cAD).AnimalsTwo atopic and four healthy dogs.Materials and MethodsDRGs were collected from atopic and healthy dogs to compare their transcriptional profiles using RNA sequencing.ResultsPrincipal component and heatmap analyses revealed two distinct clusters separating atopic from healthy dogs. Consistent with this observation, we identified 627 (543 upregulated and 84 downregulated) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in atopic compared with healthy dogs. We further narrowed down our genes of interest to common DEGs in each atopic dog, which revealed 159 (132 upregulated and 27 downregulated) DEGs. Among these genes, when we focused on itch signalling–associated molecules, P2RY12, IL‐2RG, TLR1 and POSTN were significantly upregulated, while MRGPRD and LPAR3 were both significantly downregulated in atopic dogs compared with those in healthy dogs. Pathway analysis showed a significant upregulation of CREB signalling in neurons, myelination signalling and neuroinflammation signalling pathways in atopic dogs.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceOur study suggested that dysregulation of neuroinflammatory pathways might play a role in the pathomechanism of cAD as in humans.
A Framework for Parameters Planning in Hybrid Milling of Flexible Blades
Authors: Dai Xing , Cao Zhengtong , Huang Tao , Zhang Xiao-Ming , Ding Han 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In the milling of flexible workpieces, like thin-wall blades, cutting force-induced deformation and vibration are great adverse issues that are almost inevitable. Semifinish–finish (SF) hybrid milling is a promising strategy to obtain a high accuracy and quality surface, which separates the object blade into several layers in the radial direction of the blisk, and then for each layer, from blade tip to root, using SF hybrid milling as a cycle to finish the current layer, and then move to the next layer. However, two extra contradictions are introduced in process planning: (1) considering the number of layers: To decrease the machining deformation error, we should increase the number of layers, which however increases the time consumption as well as the number of tool marks because of frequent tool path switching between semifinish and finish; (2) as to the allowance of semifinish: To decrease the machining deformation error, we should increase the allowance in semifinish to enhance stiffness, which however increases tool wear since more material needs to be removed by the tool. To balance the contradictions, this article constructs a framework for parameters planning in SF hybrid milling, in which the allowance, number of layers, as well as lengths of each layer are optimized so that we are able to control the deformation error while maintaining high cutting efficiency. The method is verified by simulation and validation experiments. Compared with traditional nonlayering and uniform layering machining, the maximum deformation error by optimized layering machining is reduced by 76.4% and 48.6%, respectively.
Dataset on Complex Power Systems: Design for Resilient Transmission Networks Using a Generative Model
Authors: Chung In-Bum , Wang Pingfeng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Critical infrastructure systems are prone to be a target of disruptions from either natural disasters or deliberate attacks that can cause a great magnitude of negative consequences. To withstand and reduce the impacts of disruptive events, it is beneficial to consider them in the early stage of design to create a configuration that can maintain its performance as much as possible. However, due to the complexity of modern systems, it is difficult to optimize the large-scale system design with complicated constraints directly. To overcome this issue, it is advantageous to tackle the problem with a state-of-the-art data-driven approach. However, a subsequent problem arises due to the limited amount of data for power systems available to the public. Hence, synthesized power systems that resemble existing networks are collected and processed, which can be utilized for implementing machine-learning models. The power system networks are represented as graphs with features holding information on the nodes and edges that relate to electrical components. Using the generated dataset, this research implements a generative approach based on Wasserstein generative adversarial networks (GAN) to create intelligent designs. Afterward, performance measures are employed to induce the generation of a population with more appealing characteristics. To demonstrate the practicality of the dataset on data-driven design, it was applied to train the generative model for a 57-bus system and the trained generator was employed to an optimization framework. The results have shown that the model could generate feasible designs of higher resilience and the framework was capable of finding an optimal network design with improved performance.
How FocA facilitates fermentation and respiration of formate by
Escherichia coli
Authors: Sawers R. Gary 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Formic acid is an important source of reductant and energy for many microorganisms. Formate is also produced as a fermentation product, e.g., by enterobacteria like
Escherichia coli
. As such, formic acid shares many features in common with dihydrogen, explaining perhaps why their metabolism and physiology show considerable overlap. At physiological pH, formic acid is mainly present as the dissociated formate anion and therefore cannot diffuse freely across the cytoplasmic membrane. Specific and bidirectional translocation of formate across the cytoplasmic membrane is, however, achieved in
E. coli
by the homopentameric membrane protein, FocA. Formic acid translocation from the cytoplasm into the periplasm (efflux) serves to maintain a near-neutral cytosolic pH and to deliver formate to the periplasmically-oriented respiratory formate dehydrogenases, Fdh-N and Fdh-O. These enzymes oxidize formate, with the electrons being used to reduce nitrate, oxygen, or other acceptors. In the absence of exogenous electron acceptors, formate is re-imported into the cytoplasm by FocA, where it is sensed by the transcriptional regulator FhlA, resulting in induction of the formate regulon. The genes and operons of the formate regulon encode enzymes necessary to assemble the formate hydrogenlyase complex, which disproportionates formic acid into H
2
and CO
2
. Combined, these mechanisms of dealing with formate help to maintain cellular pH homeostasis and are suggested to maintain the proton gradient during growth and in stationary phase cells. This review highlights our current understanding of how formate metabolism helps balance cellular pH, how it responds to the redox status, and how it helps conserve energy.
The role of N
6
-methyladenosine (m
6
A) mRNA modifications in herpesvirus infections
Authors: Verhamme Ruth , Favoreel Herman W. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Herpesviruses, a family of large enveloped DNA viruses, establish persistent infections in a wide range of hosts. This characteristic requires an intricate network of interactions with their hosts and host cells. In recent years, the interplay between herpesviruses and the epitranscriptome—chemical modifications in transcripts that may affect mRNA biology and fate—has emerged as a novel aspect of herpesvirus-host interactions. In particular, herpesviruses display different mechanisms to modulate and usurp the most abundant mRNA modification, N6-methyladenosine or m
6
A. Some herpesviruses interfere with m
6
A methylation of transcripts, while others enhance or take advantage of m
6
A methylation of viral and/or cellular transcripts. In many cases, herpesviruses appear to modulate the m
6
A methylation process to suppress the antiviral host response. This review highlights the strategies used by members of the different herpesvirus subfamilies to manipulate host m
6
A mediators and how these contribute to virus replication and the antiviral host response. Research aimed at deciphering the interaction of herpesviruses with the m
6
A epitranscriptome not only may lead to new avenues in the design of antiviral and immunomodulatory strategies, but also provides new insights in the regulation and the role of m
6
A transcript methylation in general.
Whole genome sequencing and analysis of benzo(a)pyrene-degrading bacteria Bacillus cereus M72-4
Authors: Jin Aofei , Tursun Dilbar , Tan Lirong , Yang Zhuonan , Duo Zhixian , Qin Yanan , Zhang Rui 
Published: January 2025

Benzo(a)pyrene produced by food during high-temperature process enters the body through ingestion, which causes food safety issues to the human body. To alleviate the harm of foodborne benzo(a)pyrene to human health, a strain that can degrade benzo(a)pyrene was screened from Kefir, a traditional fermented product in Xinjiang. Bacillus cereus M72-4 is a Gram-positive bacteria sourced from Xinjiang traditional fermented product Kefir; under benzo(a)pyrene stress conditions, there was 69.39% degradation rate of 20 mg/L benzo(a)pyrene by strain M72-4 after incubation for 72 h. The whole genome of M72-4 was sequenced using PacBio sequencing technology in this study. The genome size was 5754 801 bp and a GC content was 35.24%; a total of 5719 coding genes were predicted bioinformatically. Through functional database annotation, it was found that the strain has a total of 219 genes involved in the transportation and metabolism of hydrocarbons, a total of 9 metabolic pathways related to the degradation and metabolism of exogenous substances, and a total of 67 coding genes. According to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database annotation results, a key enzyme related to benzo(a)pyrene degradation, catechol 2,3-dioxygenase, was detected in the genome data of Bacillus cereus M72-4, encoding genes dmpB and xylE, respectively. There are also monooxygenases and dehydrogenases. Therefore, it can be inferred that this strain mainly degrades benzo(a)pyrene through benzoate metabolic.