bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CD8 T cell response and its released cytokine IFN-γ are necessary for lung alveolar epithelial repair during bacterial pneumonia
Authors: Zhang Xiaoying , Ali Mir , Pantuck Morgan Alexandra , Yang Xiaofeng , Lin Chih-Ru , Bahmed Karim , Kosmider Beata , Tian Ying 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionAlveolar epithelial regeneration depends on the activity of resident quiescent progenitor cells. Alveolar epithelial type II (AT2) cells are known as the alveolar epithelial progenitor cells. They exit quiescent state, proliferate rapidly in response to injury and differentiate into alveolar epithelial type I (AT1) cells to regenerate the damaged alveolar epithelium. Although AT2 cell plasticity has been a very intense field of research, the role of CD8 T cell response and their released cytokine IFN-γ, in regulating AT2 cell plasticity and alveolar epithelial repair and regeneration after injury remains largely unknown.MethodsWe used flow cytometry to quantify the amount of CD8 T cells in mouse lungs after bacterial pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. To determine whether CD8 T cells and their released cytokine IFN-γ are necessary for AT2 cell activity during alveolar epithelial regeneration, we performed loss of function studies using anti-CD8 or anti-IFN-γ monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatment in vivo. We assessed the effects of CD8 T cells and cytokine IFN-γ on AT2 cell differentiation capacity using the AT2- CD8 T cell co-culture system in vitro.ResultsWe detected a transient wave of accumulation of CD8 T cells in mouse lungs, which coincided with the burst of AT2 cell proliferation during alveolar epithelial repair and regeneration in mice following bacterial pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Depletion of CD8 T cells or neutralization of cytokine IFN-γ using anti-CD8 or anti-IFN-γ monoclonal antibody significantly reduced AT2 cell proliferation and differentiation into AT1 cells in mice after bacterial pneumonia. Furthermore, co-culture of CD8 T cells or cytokine IFN-γ with AT2 cells promoted AT2-to-AT1 cell differentiation in both murine and human systems. Conversely, blockade of IFN-γ signaling abrogated the increase in AT2-to-AT1 cell differentiation in the AT2- CD8 T cell co-culture system.DiscussionOur data demonstrate that CD8 T-cell response and cytokine IFN-γ are necessary for promoting AT2 cell activity during alveolar epithelial repair and regeneration after acute lung injury caused by bacterial pneumonia.
An interpretable Alzheimer’s disease oligogenic risk score informed by neuroimaging biomarkers improves risk prediction and stratification
Authors: Suh Erica H. , Lee Garam , Jung Sang-Hyuk , Wen Zixuan , Bao Jingxuan , Nho Kwangsik , Huang Heng , Davatzikos Christos , Saykin Andrew J. , Thompson Paul M. , Shen Li , Kim Dokyoon ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: October 2023

IntroductionStratification of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients into risk subgroups using Polygenic Risk Scores (PRS) presents novel opportunities for the development of clinical trials and disease-modifying therapies. However, the heterogeneous nature of AD continues to pose significant challenges for the clinical broadscale use of PRS. PRS remains unfit in demonstrating sufficient accuracy in risk prediction, particularly for individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and in allowing feasible interpretation of specific genes or SNPs contributing to disease risk. We propose adORS, a novel oligogenic risk score for AD, to better predict risk of disease by using an optimized list of relevant genetic risk factors.MethodsUsing whole genome sequencing data from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort (n  =  1,545), we selected 20 genes that exhibited the strongest correlations with FDG-PET and AV45-PET, recognized neuroimaging biomarkers that detect functional brain changes in AD. This subset of genes was incorporated into adORS to assess, in comparison to PRS, the prediction accuracy of CN vs. AD classification and MCI conversion prediction, risk stratification of the ADNI cohort, and interpretability of the genetic information included in the scores.ResultsadORS improved AUC scores over PRS in both CN vs. AD classification and MCI conversion prediction. The oligogenic model also refined risk-based stratification, even without the assistance of APOE, thus reflecting the true prevalence rate of the ADNI cohort compared to PRS. Interpretation analysis shows that genes included in adORS, such as ATF6, EFCAB11, ING5, SIK3, and CD46, have been observed in similar neurodegenerative disorders and/or are supported by AD-related literature.DiscussionCompared to conventional PRS, adORS may prove to be a more appropriate choice of differentiating patients into high or low genetic risk of AD in clinical studies or settings. Additionally, the ability to interpret specific genetic information allows the focus to be shifted from general relative risk based on a given population to the information that adORS can provide for a single individual, thus permitting the possibility of personalized treatments for AD.
Efficacy and safety of yoga for the management of chronic low back pain: an overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Zhang Xianshuai , Chang Tianying , Hu Wenlong , Shi Mingpeng , Chai Yating , Wang Siyi , Zhou Guohui , Han Mingze , Zhuang Minghui , Yu Jie , Yin He , Zhu Liguo , Zhao Changwei , Li Zhenhua , Liao Xing 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundYoga is a non-pharmacological conservative therapeutic modality that can be employed for the management of chronic low back pain (CLBP). In this overview, we have summarized and evaluated data from current systematic reviews (SRs) on the use of yoga for CLBP.MethodsWe comprehensively searched SRs on the use of yoga for CLBP in nine electronic databases from inception to September 2023. The methodological quality was evaluated using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Review Scale-2 (AMSTAR-2). The reporting quality of the included SRs was evaluated using the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis-2020 (PRISMA-2020), and the quality of data was graded using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). Two independent researchers performed the screening, data extraction, and quality assessment process of SRs.ResultsA total of 13 SRs were included. The results of the AMSTAR-2 indicated that the methodological quality of the included studies was relatively low. The PRISMA-2020 checklist evaluation results indicated that methodological limitations in reporting, especially regarding data processing and presentation, were the main weaknesses. The GRADE assessment indicated that 30 outcomes were rated moderate, 42 were rated low level, and 20 were rated very low level. Downgrading factors were mainly due to the limitations of the included studies.ConclusionYoga appears to be an effective and safe non-pharmacological therapeutic modality for the Management of CLBP. Currently, it may exhibit better efficacy in improving pain and functional disability associated with CLBP. However, the methodological quality and quality of evidence for SRs/MAs in the included studies were generally low, and these results should be interpreted cautiously.
Alterations of dynamic and static brain functional activities and integration in stroke patients
Authors: Guo Li , Zhao Zixuan , Yang Xu , Shi Weiyang , Wang Peng , Qin Dongdong , Wang Jiaojian , Yin Yong 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveThe study aimed to investigate the comprehensive characteristics of brain functional activity and integration in patients with subcortical stroke using dynamic and static analysis methods and to examine whether alterations in brain functional activity and integration were associated with clinical symptoms of patients.MethodsDynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (dALFF), static amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (sALFF), dynamic degree centrality (dDC), and static degree centrality (sDC) were calculated for 19 patients with right subcortical stroke, 16 patients with left subcortical stroke, and 25 healthy controls (HC). Furthermore, correlation analysis was performed to investigate the relationships between changes in brain functional measurements of patients and clinical variables.ResultsGroup comparison results showed that significantly decreased dALFF in the left angular (ANG_L) and right inferior parietal gyrus (IPG_R), decreased sALFF in the left precuneus (PCUN_L), and decreased sDC in the left crus II of cerebellar hemisphere (CERCRU2_L) and IPG_R, while significantly increased sDC in the right lobule X of cerebellar hemisphere (CER10_R) were detected in patients with right subcortical stroke relative to HC. Patients with left subcortical stroke showed significantly decreased sALFF in the left precuneus (PCUN_L) but increased sDC in the right hippocampus (HIP_R) compared with HC. Additionally, the altered sDC values in the CER10_R of patients with right subcortical stroke and in the HIP_R of patients with left subcortical stroke were associated with the severity of stroke and lower extremities motor function. A correlation was also found between the altered sALFF values in the PCUN_L of patients with left subcortical stroke and lower extremities motor function.ConclusionThese findings suggest that time-varying brain activity analysis may supply complementary information for static brain activity analysis. Dynamic and static brain functional activity and integration analysis may contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the underlying neuropathology of dysfunction in stroke patients.
Time of day of exercise does not affect the beneficial effect of exercise on bone structure in older female rats
Authors: Cao Jay J. , Gregoire Brian R. 
Published: October 2023

Background: Circadian clock genes are expressed in bone and biomarkers of bone resorption and formation exhibit diurnal patterns in animals and humans. Disruption of the diurnal rhythms may affect the balance of bone turnover and compromise the beneficial effects of exercise on bone.Objective: This study investigated whether the time of day of exercise alters bone metabolism in a rodent model. We hypothesized that exercise during the active phase results in greater bone mass than exercise during the rest phase in older female rats.Methods: Fifty-five, female 12-month-old Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four treatment groups (n = 13–14/group). Rats were subjected to no exercise or 2 h of involuntary exercise at 9 m/min and 5 days/wk for 15 weeks using motor-driven running wheels at Zeitgeber time (ZT) 4–6 (rest phase), 12–14 (early active phase), or 22–24 (late active phase). ZT 0 is defined as light on, the start of the rest phase. A red lamp was used at minimal intensity during the active, dark phase exercise period, i.e., ZT 12–14 and 22–24. Bone structure, body composition, and bone-related cytokines in serum and gene expression in bone were measured. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey-Kramer post hoc contrasts.Results: Exercise at different ZT did not affect body weight, fat mass, lean mass, the serum bone biomarkers, bone structural or mechanical parameters, or expression of circadian genes. Exercise pooled exercise data from different ZT were compared to the No-Exercise data (a priori contrast) increased serum IGF-1 and irisin concentrations, compared to No-Exercise. Exercise increased tibial bone volume/total volume (p = 0.01), connectivity density (p = 0.04), and decreased structural model index (p = 0.02). Exercise did not affect expression of circadian genes.Conclusion: These data indicate that exercise is beneficial to bone structure and that the time of day of exercise does not alter the beneficial effect of exercise on bone in older female rats.
Prediction for blood lactate during exercise using an artificial intelligence—Enabled electrocardiogram: a feasibility study
Authors: Huang Shu-Chun , Lee Chen-Hung , Hsu Chih-Chin , Chang Sing-Ya , Chen Yu-An , Chiu Chien-Hung , Hsiao Ching-Chung , Su Hong-Ren 
Published: October 2023

Introduction: The acquisition of blood lactate concentration (BLC) during exercise is beneficial for endurance training, yet a convenient method to measure it remains unavailable. BLC and electrocardiogram (ECG) both exhibit variations with changes in exercise intensity and duration. In this study, we hypothesized that BLC during exercise can be predicted using ECG data.Methods: Thirty-one healthy participants underwent four cardiopulmonary exercise tests, including one incremental test and three constant work rate (CWR) tests at low, moderate, and high intensity. Venous blood samples were obtained immediately after each CWR test to measure BLC. A mathematical model was constructed using 31 trios of CWR tests, which utilized a residual network combined with long short-term memory to analyze every beat of lead II ECG waveform as 2D images. An artificial neural network was used to analyze variables such as the RR interval, age, sex, and body mass index.Results: The standard deviation of the fitting error was 0.12 mmol/L for low and moderate intensities, and 0.19 mmol/L for high intensity. Weighting analysis demonstrated that ECG data, including every beat of ECG waveform and RR interval, contribute predominantly.Conclusion: By employing 2D convolution and artificial neural network-based methods, BLC during exercise can be accurately estimated non-invasively using ECG data, which has potential applications in exercise training.
Behavioral patterns in robotic collaborative assembly: comparing neurotypical and Autism Spectrum Disorder participants
Authors: Mondellini Marta , Prajod Pooja , Lavit Nicora Matteo , Chiappini Mattia , Micheletti Ettore , Storm Fabio Alexander , Vertechy Rocco , André Elisabeth , Malosio Matteo 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionIn Industry 4.0, collaborative tasks often involve operators working with collaborative robots (cobots) in shared workspaces. Many aspects of the operator's well-being within this environment still need in-depth research. Moreover, these aspects are expected to differ between neurotypical (NT) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) operators.MethodsThis study examines behavioral patterns in 16 participants (eight neurotypical, eight with high-functioning ASD) during an assembly task in an industry-like lab-based robotic collaborative cell, enabling the detection of potential risks to their well-being during industrial human-robot collaboration. Each participant worked on the task for five consecutive days, 3.5 h per day. During these sessions, six video clips of 10 min each were recorded for each participant. The videos were used to extract quantitative behavioral data using the NOVA annotation tool and analyzed qualitatively using an ad-hoc observational grid. Also, during the work sessions, the researchers took unstructured notes of the observed behaviors that were analyzed qualitatively.ResultsThe two groups differ mainly regarding behavior (e.g., prioritizing the robot partner, gaze patterns, facial expressions, multi-tasking, and personal space), adaptation to the task over time, and the resulting overall performance.DiscussionThis result confirms that NT and ASD participants in a collaborative shared workspace have different needs and that the working experience should be tailored depending on the end-user's characteristics. The findings of this study represent a starting point for further efforts to promote well-being in the workplace. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work comparing NT and ASD participants in a collaborative industrial scenario.
Challenges and opportunities for improvement in the management and financing system of Health Promotion Offices in Hungary
Authors: Horváth Krisztián , Túri Gergo , Kaposvári Csilla , Cseh Borbála , Dózsa Csaba László 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundOne hundred ten Health Promotion Offices (HPOs) have started operating in Hungary in response to public health challenges. Many of them have been active for almost 10 years, yet their operational experience has not been evaluated. The specific objectives of our study were: (1) to describe the current operational and funding system of HPOs, (2) to identify challenges related to the current management and funding practices, and (3) to formulate recommendations for improvement based on gathered experience and international experience.DesignIn order to gain a deeper insight into the operational experience of HPOs, an online survey was conducted with the professional or economic managers of HPOs. A scoping review was carried out to gather international experiences about best practices to formulate recommendations for improvement in developing the operational and financing scheme for HPOs.ResultsWe found that current HPO network in Hungary faces three main challenges: a deficient management system, inflexible financing scheme, and unequal ability to purchase or provide services for the population.ConclusionsBased on the survey complemented by international experiences, we propose the overhaul of the professional management system and switching toa combination of fixed and performance-based financing scheme for the HPOs in Hungary.
Evidence-based interventions to reduce maternal malnutrition in low and middle-income countries: a systematic review
Authors: Shenoy Shivani , Sharma Priyanka , Rao Aishwarya , Aparna Nusrat , Adenikinju Deborah , Iloegbu Chukwuemeka , Pateña John , Vieira Dorice , Gyamfi Joyce , Peprah Emmanuel 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionDespite remarkable strides in global efforts to reduce maternal mortality, low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) continue to grapple with a disproportionate burden of maternal mortality, with malnutrition emerging as a significant contributing factor to this enduring challenge. Shockingly, malnourished women face a mortality risk that is twice as high as their well-nourished counterparts, and a staggering 95% of maternal deaths in 2020 occurred within LMICs. The critical importance of addressing maternal malnutrition in resource-constrained settings cannot be overstated, as compelling research studies have demonstrated that such efforts could potentially save thousands of lives. However, the landscape is marred by a scarcity of evidence-based interventions (EBIs) specifically tailored for pregnant individuals aimed at combatting maternal malnutrition and reducing mortality rates. It is against this backdrop that our study endeavors to dissect the feasibility, adoption, sustainability, and cost-effectiveness of EBIs designed to combat maternal malnutrition.MethodsOur comprehensive search encompassed eight prominent databases covering the period from 2003 to 2022 in LMICs. We began our study with a comprehensive search across multiple databases, yielding a total of 149 studies. From this initial pool, we eliminated duplicate entries and the remaining studies underwent a thorough screening process resulting in the identification of 63 full-text articles that aligned with our predefined inclusion criteria.ResultsThe meticulous full-text review left us with a core selection of six articles that shed light on interventions primarily centered around supplementation. They underscored a critical issue -the limited understanding of effective implementation in these countries, primarily attributed to inadequate monitoring and evaluation of interventions and insufficient training of healthcare professionals. Moreover, our findings emphasize the pivotal role of contextual factors, such as cultural nuances, public trust in healthcare, the prevalence of misinformation, and concerns regarding potential adverse effects of interventions, which profoundly influence the successful implementation of these programs.DiscussionWhile the EBIs have shown promise in reducing maternal malnutrition, their true potential for feasibility, adoption, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability hinges on their integration into comprehensive programs addressing broader issues like food insecurity and the prevention of both communicable and non-communicable diseases.
TO THE PROBLEM OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT OF SOCIO-CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL STRUCTURES DURING THE PERIOD OF MARTIAL STATUS
Authors: Kravchenko L. , Krupina L. , Bukhun A. 
Published: October 2023

In the article, in line with the task of training specialists in the management of social groups, communities and society in general, an analysis of the problem of quality management of socio-cultural and educational structures during the wartime period was carried out, in particular, the aspect of social responsibility of managers for the results of their own activities was sharpened.
Taking into account the Recommendations of the European Parliament and the Council of Europe, the list of competencies of managers of socio-cultural and educational structures is outlined; cultural, social and civic competence is defined as the basis of effective interaction of managers with different age groups of people in the process of professional activity. The main task of specialists of this group is the creation of long-term relations between social communities and society in the conditions of martial law in Ukraine, based on their readiness to quickly search for non-standard models of organizing the social, cultural and educational environment and innovative humanitarian and pedagogical technologies.
In line with the requirements for managers of socio-cultural and educational institutions, the signs of management of the 21st century are highlighted (values, norms, traditions, corporate style, image, organizational culture, corporate team spirit); the requirements for specialists were systematized and the best examples of the world experience of implementing sociocultural and educational projects were clarified (the Anglo-American model of management – the diversity and self-sufficiency of sociocultural complexes, well-known initiatives of charitable foundations, volunteer practice; the European model – types of training and internships in the best sociocultural and educational institutions, multicultural education of managers, etc.).
A conclusion was made regarding the growth of social responsibility of managers of socio-cultural and educational structures during the wartime period in Ukraine.