bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Day‐to‐Day Variations in Iron, Zinc and Copper in Breast Milk of Guatemalan Mothers
Authors: Dhonukshe‐Rutten Rosalie A. M. , Vossenaar Marieke , West Clive E. , Schümann Klaus , Bulux Jesus , Solomons Noel W. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTObjective:To assess the within‐subject and between‐subject coefficients of variation (CV) of iron, zinc and copper concentrations in the milk of Guatemalan mothers.Methods:We performed a cross‐sectional study in lactating women who had delivered a healthy infant 1 to 6 months previously in two low‐income peri‐urban areas (San Bartolomé Milpas Altas and Ciudad Peronia) and a low‐income rural area (San Juan Chamelco) in Guatemala. Women infested with Ascaris lumbricoides or Trichuris trichiura received a single dose of albendazole (400 mg) or placebo. Two weeks after treatment, milk samples were collected on 3 or 4 consecutive days. Trace element concentrations in milk were measured by inductively coupled plasma/atomic emission spectrometry.Results:The instrumental error of the inductively coupled plasma/atomic emission spectrometry method, expressed as SD, was 0.04, 0.27 and 0.02 mg/L for iron, zinc and copper, respectively. Concentrations in milk samples collected from 47 mothers on 3 or 4 consecutive days, expressed as mean ± SD, were 0.28 ± 0.13, 2.03 ± 0.37 and 0.29 ± 0.07 mg/L for iron, zinc and copper, respectively. The within‐subject CV was 46.1%, 18.2%, and 22.8% and the between‐subject CV was 61.2%, 48.3% and 31.7% for iron, zinc and copper, respectively. Stage of lactation, infestation with intestinal parasites and residential area had a significant influence on milk zinc, copper and iron concentrations.Conclusions:One sample of milk is sufficient to give a reliable estimate of the zinc concentration in milk. Two samples taken on consecutive days are required for a reliable estimate of iron and copper concentrations.
Dietary Unsaturated Long‐Chain Fatty Acids Modify D‐Glucose Absorption in Weaning Rats
Authors: Vicario María , Pedragosa Elvira , Rivero Montserrat , Moretó Miquel , Amat Concepció 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTObjective:The authors evaluated the effects of dietary long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on D‐glucose absorption in weaning rats.Methods:Pups were born from control mothers fed a diet containing (per kg of total fatty acids) 280 g of saturated fatty acids, 496 g of monounsaturated fatty acids and 222 g of polyunsaturated fatty acids or from mothers fed a diet containing a high proportion of saturated fatty acids (920 g/kg) and a low proportion of unsaturated fatty acids (low‐unsaturated fatty acid, 80 g/kg), initiated 2 weeks before mating and continued throughout pregnancy. When pups from low‐unsaturated fatty acid mothers were 15 days old, they were subdivided into two groups: one control (low‐unsaturated fatty acid‐C) and one fed a long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplement rich in arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (low‐unsaturated fatty acid‐S) until weaning. At day 21, the kinetics of D‐glucose absorption was studied in brush‐border membrane vesicles from the jejunoileal segment.Results:The maximal transport rate (Vmax) of glucose in the low‐unsaturated fatty acid‐C and low‐unsaturated fatty acid‐S groups was higher than in control rats: 160 and 130 versus 98 pmol/(mg protein·s), respectively (P < 0.05). Rats fed the low‐unsaturated fatty acid diet had a lower diffusion constant (Kd) than control rats did: 21.6 and 29.2 nL/(mg protein·s), respectively (P < 0.05). However, rats receiving the long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplement and control rats had similar Kd values.Conclusion:These results indicate that dietary long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation can restore, in part, the kinetic characteristics of intestinal D‐glucose absorption in pups from mothers maintained on a low‐unsaturated fatty acid diet.
Prebiotic Effect Of Fructo‐Oligosaccharide Supplemented Term Infant Formula at Two Concentrations Compared with Unsupplemented Formula and Human Milk
Authors: Euler Arthur R. , Mitchell Douglas K. , Kline Randi , Pickering Larry K. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTBackground:Human milk components, including oligosaccharides, affect the gastrointestinal flora of infants. Previous studies in adults have demonstrated that fructo‐oligosaccharides increase potentially beneficial fecal bacteria, including bifidobacteria. The purpose of this study was to determine the prebiotic effect of infant formula supplemented with fructo‐oligosaccharides.Methods:Healthy term infants 2 to 6 weeks of age were enrolled in a 5‐week, prospective, randomized, crossover, single‐site study with a nonrandomized human milk comparator group. Washout weeks preceded and followed a week of feeding with fructo‐oligosaccharide‐supplemented formula (1.5 or 3.0 g/L). Stool specimens were quantitatively cultured weekly for bacteroides, lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, clostridia and enterococci and were tested for Clostridium difficile toxin.Results:Seventy‐two of 87 infants completed the trial; 58 were formula fed and 14 were human milk fed. Mean counts of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli were similar in all groups at entry and no group experienced a significant change in counts with fructo‐oligosaccharide supplementation. After 7 days of fructo‐oligosaccharide supplementation the bifidobacteria counts were greater in the 1.5 g/L fructo‐oligosaccharide formula group than in the human milk fed or 3.0 g/L fructo‐oligosaccharide formula groups. Formula‐fed infants had higher counts of enterococci and bacteroides before fructo‐oligosaccharide supplementation, and these counts did not change after supplementation. Clostridium counts increased 7 days after supplementation in the 1.5 g/L fructo‐oligosaccharide formula group (P = 0.0356). No human milk fed infants had C. difficile toxin in stools. Fructo‐oligosaccharide (3.0 g/L) supplementation resulted in more frequent and significantly softer stools.Conclusions:Infant formula supplemented with 1.5 or 3.0 g/L fructo‐oligosaccharides was safe but had minimal effect on fecal flora and C. difficile toxin.
Antitissue Transglutaminase and Antithyroid Autoantibodies in Children with Down Syndrome and Celiac Disease
Authors: Hansson Tony , Dahlbom Ingrid , Rogberg Siv , Nyberg Britt‐Inger , Dahlström Jörgen , Annerén Göran , Klareskog Lars , Dannæus Anders 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTObjectives:We measured circulating autoantibodies and evaluated the potential of circulating antitissue transglutaminase (tTG) antibodies to determine the presence of celiac disease (CD) in children with Down syndrome.Methods:An ELISA based on recombinant human tTG was used to measure the levels of immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin G antibodies in serum samples from 72 children with Down syndrome, 52 children with biopsy‐verified CD, 21 disease controls with a normal small intestinal mucosa and 23 healthy controls. Of the 72 Down syndrome children, 11 under‐went a small intestinal biopsy.Results:Four of 72 children with Down syndrome were diagnosed as having CD and three of them had serum levels of immunoglobulin A tTG antibodies greater than 6 U/mL (668, 147 and 7 U/mL). One Down syndrome child with biopsyproven CD had normal levels of immunoglobulin A tTG. Two Down syndrome children had increased levels of immunoglobulin A tTG (13 and 7 U/mL) but none of these children had an intestinal biopsy performed. Of the 52 CD subjects (median 664 U/mL) one was negative for immunoglobulin A tTG (5 U/mL) and all healthy controls (median 1.2 U/mL) and disease controls (median 0.9 U/mL) had immunoglobulin A tTG antibody levels less than 6 U/mL. Two of four Down syndrome children with CD and 36 of 52 celiac children had increased serum levels of immunoglobulin G tTG antibodies. There was no correlation between the serum levels of tTG and antithyroid autoantibodies.Conclusions:Although the diagnosis of CD depends on histologic evaluation of intestinal biopsies, detection of anti‐tTG antibodies provides a useful complementary diagnostic method for CD in children with Down syndrome.
Gut Hormone Profiles in Critically Ill Neonates on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Hanekamp M. N. , Spoel M. , Sharman‐Koendjbiharie M. , Hop W. C. , Hopman W. P. , Jansen J. B. , Tibboel D. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTObjectives:The objective of this study was to gain insight into the hormonal responses to enteral nutrition in critically ill newborns requiring venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) by analyzing plasma gut hormone levels of gastrin, cholecystokinin and peptide‐YY in relation to enteral nutrition.Methods:In 24 consecutive neonates treated with venoarterial ECMO intestinal hormone secretions were determined by radioimmunoassay at 2‐day intervals. Twelve received parenteral nutrition only. In 12 enteral nutrition was introduced later. The findings in these patients were compared with those of 16 measurements in eight non‐ECMO treated age‐matched controls. Mixed model analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis.Results:Concentrations of gastrin, cholecystokinin and peptide‐YY were significantly higher in ECMO patients receiving enteral nutrition compared with ECMO patients who received parenteral nutrition (62, 3.8 and 59.4 pmol/L versus 46, 3.1 and 34.7 pmol/L, respectively). Overall, plasma hormone levels did not differ from those in age‐matched controls.Conclusions:Intestinal hormone levels showed normal responses after introduction of enteral feeding, comparable with those in age‐matched controls without ECMO. These results do not provide an argument for withholding enteral nutrition even in the most severely ill neonates on venoarterial ECMO.
J‐pouch Ileoanal Anastomosis in Children and Adolescents with Ulcerative Colitis: Functional Outcome, Satisfaction and Impact on Social Life
Authors: Wewer Vibeke , Hesselfeldt Peter , Qvist Niels , Husby Steffen , Paerregaard Anders 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of this study was to evaluate, over a 10‐year period, severe surgical complications, functional outcome, patient satisfaction and impact on social life after colectomy and J‐pouch ileoanal anastomosis for children and adolescents <18 years with ulcerative colitis.Methods:Data were extracted retrospectively from medical records and obtained by mailed questionnaire.Results:Thirty patients (18 girls) with a median age of 15 years (range, 7‐17 years) were identified. Two patients (7%) had the J‐pouch removed because of intractable diarrhea. Twenty‐seven of 28 patients with preserved J‐pouch answered the questionnaire. The median follow‐up was 3.7 years (range, 0.3‐9.2 years). Surgical complications included eight of 30 patients (27%) with small bowel obstruction, one of 30 (4%) with intra‐abdominal abscess and two of 30 (7%) with perforation of the small intestine. The median number of daytime bowel movements was six (range, 3‐10) and the median number of nighttime bowel movements was one (range, 0‐2). Twelve patients (44%) were completely continent for stool and mucus, 12 patients (44%) leaked now and then and three (12%) leaked often or always. Antibiotic treatment for pouchitis was given in 13 patients (48%). Seventeen patients (63%) were completely satisfied with the operation, nine patients (33%) found the result fairly good and one patient (4%) was not satisfied. Twenty‐six patients (96%) reported their health as completely or fairly good.Conclusions:The majority of patients with an intact J‐pouch had an acceptable functional result with respect to defecation frequency, continence and number of pouchitis episodes. Most patients reported being satisfied with the procedure.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Infants: How Much is Predictable with Questionnaires, pH‐metry, Endoscopy and Histology?
Authors: Salvatore Silvia , Hauser Bruno , Vandemaele Kris , Novario Raffaele , Vandenplas Yvan 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTSymptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are common in infants. It is often difficult to discriminate between physiological and pathologic gastroesophageal reflux, although this discrimination is essential to determine which infants to evaluate and treat.Objectives:To identify the prevalence of reflux symptoms in infants and to evaluate the predictive value of a questionnaire and the correlation between pH study, histology and clinical score.Methods:Parents of 100 unselected infants visiting the well‐baby clinic and 100 infants suspected of having gastroesophageal reflux disease were asked to fill in a 35‐item questionnaire. A validated score, the Orenstein I‐GERQ, was applied for selected questions. All infants suspected of having gastroesophageal reflux disease underwent prolonged esophageal pH monitoring and 44 or 100 underwent upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy with esophageal biopsy.Results:Parents of infants with suspected gastroesophageal reflux disease reported significantly more regurgitation (68% versus 45%, P < 0.05) and crying (51% versus 20%, P < 0.01) compared with the parents of healthy infants. A pathologic pH study (reflux index > 10%) was found in 21 of 100 (21%) infants and was significantly associated only with pneumonia, apnea with fussing (P = 0.013 for both), defecation less than once a day (P = 0.033) and constipation (P = 0.05). Esophagitis was present in 17 of 44 (39%) and no one question was found to be significantly predictive. 38% of infants with a pathologic pH study had a normal esophageal biopsy and 53% of infants with histologic esophagitis had a normal pH study. Discordance between pH study and biopsies occurred in 14 of 44 (32%) patients. The Orenstein I‐GERQ cut‐off score failed to identify eight of 31 (26%) infants with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Conversely, the score was positive in 17 of 22 (81%) infants with normal biopsy and pH study and in 14 of 47 (30%) infants with normal pH study.Conclusions:Clinical symptoms, histology and pH study show poor correlation in infants. Clinical symptoms such as regurgitation and crying are less frequent in unselected infants than in infants suspected of gastroesophageal reflux disease. However, questionnaires are poorly predictive for the severity of gastroesophageal reflux disease, as they do not correlate with esophageal acid exposure as measured by pH‐metry and with esophagitis as evaluated by histology of esophageal biopsies.
Probiotics, Prebiotics & Food allergy Prevention
Authors: Fiocchi Alessandro , Pecora Valentina , Dahdah Lamia 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTPurpose of review:there are accruing evidences on the role of the intestinal microbiota in the development of allergic diseases among infants. Elaborating on this theoretical basis, studies did assess the possibilities to prevent allergic diseases in infancy through manipulation of the intestinal microbiota. We review here such studies.Recent findings:interventional studies led to conflicting conclusions on the possible role of probiotics and prebiotics in allergy prevention. Two metanalyses published in 2015 did reconcile all data. Guidelines have been predicated on such studies using the GRADE methodology.Summary:the guidelines for allergy prevention suggest for the first time the use of probiotics and prebiotics. The existing evidences stand for a use of such supplementation in particular for the prevention of eczema. As there is no evidence so far of superiority of one probiotic strand over the others, they should be considered as class and not as individual products.
Algorithms for Common Gastrointestinal Disorders
Authors: Vandenplas Yvan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRegurgitation, infantile colic and, or, constipationare frequent during the first 12 months of life, and although they aremost of the time functional disorders, these conditions can also be related to cow's milk. Practical algorithms for their management are presented. Management consists of exclusion of warning signs for organic disease, parental reassurance and nutritional strategies. The proposed algorithms will assist healthcare providers to manage frequent gastrointestinal and cows’ milkrelated symptoms in infants.
Unraveling the impacts of freight rates on US containerized agricultural trade
Authors: Hossen Md Deluair , Muhammad Andrew , Kenner Bart , Kaufman James 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe examined how the unprecedented rise in freight rates in 2021 affected US containerized agricultural trade. We considered alternative measures of trade (value, volume, container numbers), as well as product, port, and partner‐country characteristics, and conducted separate analyses for exports and imports. Overall, we find that shipping costs have a substantial trade‐reducing effect. On average, 10% higher shipping costs reduce US agricultural export values by 0.58% and import values by 1.72%. For exports, we find a significant negative impact for several product categories. Our results suggest that policies addressing port congestion and shipping rate issues will have heterogenous outcomes.
“An escape from the isolation”: Youth thoughts about the impact of COVID‐19 on adolescent sexual behavior and alcohol use
Authors: Stout Claire D. , Ybarra Michele L. , Mitchell Kimberly J. , Nelson Kimberly M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe COVID‐19 pandemic likely affected adolescent sexual behaviors and alcohol use, although how is not well understood.MethodYouth were sampled from the national, online longitudinal Growing up with Media study. They responded via text messaging to open‐ended questions about how the COVID‐19 pandemic may have impacted the sexual behavior and alcohol use of adolescents. Conventional content analysis summarized open‐ended responses.Results416 responses were analyzed from 335 participants (aged 15–30, US residents), 81 of whom provided data for both topics. Participants suggested that the pandemic affected some youths' sexual health precautions (increased and varying) and attitudes about sex (positive and negative). They discussed how adolescents met partners during the pandemic, including increased use of online platforms. Participants also suggested researchers investigate sexual risk in the realm of COVID‐19 transmission and the practice of “safe sex.” Many participants believed adolescents were drinking alcohol more as a result of the pandemic, both alone and with friends; however, others perceived adolescents were drinking less. Participants proposed researchers investigate adolescent drinking habits during the pandemic, as well as how this compares to before the pandemic and the type and quantity of alcohol consumed.ConclusionsYoung people believe adolescent sexual relationships and drinking behaviors changed due to the pandemic, though how varied. Future research could examine the contexts and individual differences that shape these varying behaviors. Overall, this study highlights the importance of directly asking youth about their pandemic experiences and the diversity of views on how the pandemic has influenced adolescent behavior.
Limiting factors in the accuracy of DFT calculation for redox potentials
Authors: Chan Bun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn the present study, we have investigated factors affecting the accuracy of computational chemistry calculation of redox potentials, namely the gas‐phase ionization energy (IE) and electron affinity (EA), and the continuum solvation effect. In general, double‐hybrid density functional theory methods yield IEs and EAs that are on average within ~0.1 eV of our high‐level W3X‐L benchmark, with the best performing method being DSD‐BLYP/ma‐def2‐QZVPP. For lower‐cost methods, the average errors are ~0.2–0.3 eV, with ωB97X‐3c being the most accurate (~0.15 eV). For the solvation component, essentially all methods have an average error of ~0.3 eV, which shows the limitation of the continuum solvation model. Curiously, the directly calculated redox potentials show errors of ~0.3 eV for all methods. These errors are notably smaller than what can be expected from error propagation with the two components (IE and EA, and solvation effect). Such a discrepancy can be attributed to the cancellation of errors, with the lowest‐cost GFN2‐xTB method benefiting the most, and the most accurate ωB97X‐3c method benefiting the least. For organometallic species, the redox potentials show large deviations exceeding ~0.5 eV even for DSD‐BLYP. The large errors are attributed to those for the gas‐phase IEs and EAs, which represents a major barrier to the accurate calculation of redox potentials for such systems.
Ethanol production from sugarcane bagasse by modified PDMS membrane in a membrane bioreactor: pervaporation technique
Authors: Zabihi Behzad , Esfahanian Mehri 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDBioethanol is considered a highly promising alternative to fossil fuels due to its derivation from renewable sources. Reducing the disadvantages of conventional fermentation requires removing the product from the fermentation broth after its formation. Therefore, coupling the membrane separation with a biological process in a single unit leads a reduction of substrate and product inhibitions.RESULTSIn this work, bioethanol production was investigated in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) with sugarcane bagasse (lignocellulose waste) as a renewable source by the sulfuric acid hydrolysis process. Firstly, the optimum conditions to produce the maximum amount of sugar by acid hydrolysis were determined. Second, the membrane bioreactor and pervaporation unit equipped with poly(dimethyl siloxane) carbon nanotube/Tetrazole membrane (PDMS‐CNT/Tetrazole) was fabricated. Third, bioethanol production in a conventional batch reactor (CBR) and the novel MBR was implemented. The outcomes of the two kinds of reactors were then compared. The results illustrated that the optimum conditions for acid hydrolysis are at a temperature of 199.4 °C, an operation time of 30.77 min, and an acid concentration of 1.12%. The obtained data shows that the ethanol production in MBR was increased by 103.6% over conventional fermentation. Furthermore, the pervaporated ethanol concentration was higher than that of the broth because of the high membrane selectivity, where a maximum ethanol concentration of 165.7 g L−1 in the cold trap was achieved.CONCLUSIONFinally, the results illustrate that the MBR can decrease the cell density growth rate and dominate any substrate and product inhibitions, while keeping process productivity for ethanol quite high. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Polynomial approaches in improving accuracy of probability distribution estimation using the method of moments
Authors: Turan Meltem , Munkhammar Joakim , Dutta Abhishek 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDDetermination of a probability density function (PDF) is an area of active research in engineering sciences as it can improve process systems. A previously developed polynomial method‐of‐moments‐based PDF estimation model has been applied in the research to produce accurate approximations to both standard and more complex PDF. A model with a different polynomial basis than a monomial is still to be developed and evaluated. This is the work that is undertaken in this study.RESULTSA set of standard PDF (Normal, Weibull, Log Normal and Bimodal) and more complex distributions (solutions to the Smoluchowski coagulation equation and Population Balance equation) were approximated by the method‐of‐moments using Chebyshev, Hermite and Lagrange polynomial‐based density functions. Results show that Lagrange polynomial‐based models improve the fit compared to monomial based‐modeling in terms of RMSE and Kolmogorov–Smirnov test statistic estimates. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test‐statistics decreased by 19% and the RMSE values were improved by around 85% compared to the standard monomial basis when using Lagrange polynomial basis.CONCLUSIONThis study indicates that the procedure using Lagrange polynomials with method‐of‐moments is a more reliable reconstruction procedure that calculates the approximate distribution using lesser number of moments, which is desirable. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).