bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gross total resection and survival outcomes in elderly patients with spinal chordoma: a SEER-based analysis
Authors: Pham John , Shaaya Elias , Rhee Ben , Kimata Anna , Ozcan Evrim E. , Pham Katie M. , Niu Tianyi , Sullivan Patricia , Gokaslan Ziya L. 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveThe association between aggressive resection and improved survival for adult spinal chordoma patients has not been well characterized in the geriatric population. Thus, the present study aimed to elucidate the relationship between gross total resection (GTR) and survival outcomes for patients across different age groups.MethodsThe authors isolated all adult patients diagnosed with spinal chordoma from the 2000-2019 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database and divided patients into three surgical subgroups: no surgery, subtotal resection (STR), and GTR. Kaplan-Meier curves with a log-rank test were used to discern differences in overall survival (OS) between surgical subgroups. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify prognostic factors of mortality.ResultsThere were 771 eligible patients: 227 (29.4%) received no surgery, 267 (34.6%) received STR, and 277 (35.9%) received GTR. Patients receiving no surgery had the lowest 5-year OS (45.2%), 10-year OS (17.6%), and mean OS (72.1 months). After stratifying patients by age, our multivariate analysis demonstrated that patients receiving GTR aged 40-59 (HR=0.26, CI=0.12-0.55, p&lt;0.001), 60-79 (HR=0.51, CI=0.32-0.82, p=0.005), and 80-99 (HR=0.14, CI=0.05-0.37, p&lt;0.001) had a lower risk of mortality compared to patients undergoing no surgery. The frequency of receiving GTR also decreased as a function of age (16.4% [80-99 years] vs. 43.2% [20-39 years]; p&lt;0.001), but the frequency of receiving radiotherapy was comparable across all age groups (48.3% [80-99 years] vs. 45.5% [20-39 years]; p=0.762).ConclusionGTR is associated with improved survival for middle-aged and elderly patients with spinal chordoma. Therefore, patients should not be excluded from aggressive resection on the basis of age alone. Rather, the decision to pursue surgery should be decided on an individual basis.
Upright proton therapy for esthesioneuroblastoma: a single-institution experience
Authors: Gordon Konstantin , Gulidov Igor , Smyk Daniil , Semenov Alexey , Golubev Kirill , Lemaeva Alyona , Koryakin Sergey , Jumaniyazova Enar , Vishnyakova Polina , Eremina Irina , Fatkhudinov Timur , Kaprin Andrey 
Published: January 2024

AimThis study presents an analysis (efficacy and toxicity) of outcomes in patients with esthesioneuroblastoma after pencil beam proton therapy with a fixed beamline in the upright position.BackgroundEsthesioneuroblastoma (ENB) is an extremely rare tumor of sinonasal area located in critical proximity to vital structures. Proton therapy (PT) is often considered the optimal radiation treatment for head-and-neck tumors, although of limited availability. Upright PT delivered using fixed pencil beamline and rotating chair is a fairly promising option.MethodsThis is a single-center experience describing the outcomes of PT in 14 patients with ENB treated between January 2016 and October 2022; half of the cases had a history of previous irradiation. The therapy was applied using a fixed pencil beamline with 6D-chair for positioning. The median dose was 63 GyRBE (total range 48–70 GyRBE; based on 1.1 RBE multiplier for protons) with 2.0 GyRBE per fraction. The mean gross tumor volume was 109.5 cm3 (17.1–257.7 cm3). Patient demography, pathology, treatment parameters and toxicity data were analyzed. Radiation-induced reactions were assessed according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v 4.0.ResultsThe median follow-up time was 28 months. The 1- and 2-year locoregional control rates constituted 100% and 88.9%, respectively; the median duration of local control was 52 months. The 1- and 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates constituted 92.9% and 75.0%, respectively; the median PFS duration was 52 months. The 1- and 2-year overall survival (OS) rates constituted 92.9% and 84.4%, respectively. Two patients died of non-cancer-related causes (coronavirus-induced pneumonia) and 1 patient died of tumor progression. All patients tolerated PT well without any treatment gaps. Serious late toxicity reactions included glaucoma in 1 patient and cataract in 2 patients, in over half a year since irradiation.ConclusionPT with upright design of the unit affords promising outcomes in terms of disease control and toxicity rates in ENB, a sinonasal tumor of complicated localization.
The Effect of Non-Overlapping Somatic Mutations in BRAF, NRAS, NF1, or CKIT on the Incidence and Outcome of Brain Metastases during Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy of Metastatic Melanoma
Authors: Samlowski Wolfram 
Published: January 2024

Previous studies suggested that somatic BRAF and NRAS mutations in metastatic melanoma increase the risk for brain metastases. The risk related to other non-overlapping “driver” mutations is unknown. We performed a retrospective evaluation of the incidence, timing, and outcome of brain metastases in a population of melanoma patients that underwent uniform next-gen sequencing. All patients were treated with initial checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Seventeen of 88 patients (20.0%) developed brain metastases. Eleven patients had brain metastases at diagnosis (12.9%). These were all patients with BRAF V600 or NF1 mutations. Only six patients with NRAS, NF1, KIT, or BRAF mutations (including fusions/internal rearrangements experienced delayed CNS progression following immunotherapy (7.1%)). No “quadruple negative” patient developed brain metastases. Patients with brain metastases at diagnosis had a better outcome than those with delayed intracranial progression. Current predictive markers, (LDH, tumor mutation burden, and PDL1) were poorly correlated with the development of brain metastases. Treatment with immunotherapy appears to reduce the incidence of brain metastases. Next-gen molecular sequencing of tumors in metastatic melanoma patients was useful in identifying genetic subpopulations with an increased or reduced risk of brain metastases. This may allow eventual personalization of screening strategies.
A Wide-Range Negative Output DC-DC Converter with Adaptive Drive Technique for Active-Matrix OLED Microdisplays
Authors: Liu Yue , Cai Hong , Zhao Bohua 
Published: January 2024

This paper presents a DC-DC converter with wide-range negative output for active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED). The generated negative voltage Vout is connected to the negative terminal of the organic light-emitting diode (OLED), and the luminous brightness is adjusted by changing the value of Vout. The negative output voltage of the DC-DC converter is regulated by a Buck–Boost topology structure with a dual-loop control (DLC) system composed of a voltage loop and a current loop. The proposed compensatory peak-current-sensing technique (PCST) and switch MOSFETs adaptive drive technique (ADT) successfully support the implementation of the converter topology and enable the converter to work in continuous conduction mode (CCM). In addition, with the DLC system, the converter can guarantee a negative output voltage that enables both a fast transient response such as excellent load/line regulation, and a small output voltage ripple of the pulse width modulation (PWM) control. The proposed chip is implemented in a 0.18 μm CMOS process that operates at an operating frequency of 2 MHz with a maximum efficiency of 85.82%. The output voltage ripple is 1.5 mV at typical loading of Vout=−4 V and Iout=100 mA.
Rapport de synthèse
Authors: Favoreu Louis 
Published: January 2024

Summing up
Dean Favoreu first of all reviews the topics discussed at the symposium with particular reference to the problem of defining this new form of administration — of parallel administration — which, in his opinion, needs to be set alongside local, departmental or regional administration — the situation in Provence being a case in point. What is more, such a definition has the effect of sanctioning the need for this type of intervention. Lastly, it would appear impossible to State to what extent this parallel administration encourages or hinders decentralisation.
In his analysis of the features of this new form of administration, Dean Favoreu draws attention to the fact that this is an administrative System which duplicates the traditional administrative machinery and which has temporary and sometimes even clandestine features. This new administration is also of an experimental nature. And lastly, it is a foretaste of things to come. This new form of administration is the result of technological necessity (meaning in most cases the need for efficiency), financial reasons, of which the most important is surely that of overcoming the constraints of public accountability, psychological reasons (the new form of administration being generally better accepted) and lastly, political reasons, in particular promoting the grouping together of communes. Dean Favoreu goes on to examine the legal forms adopted by this new form of administration and concludes by listing the consequences arising from the use of such structures. He seems to see emerging a form of administration with tangled, overlapping areas of competence, often not subject to any law, and symptomatic of the dilution of responsibility. However, he feels that, in the last analysis, the drive and energy of this new form of administration should enable one to overlook its inevitable shortcomings.
La réforme de la fonction publique en Europe
Authors: König Klaus 
Published: January 2024

Civil service reform in Europe
Both in Western and Socialist countries, important reform movements are under way. Among the most discussed questions are those concerning the structures and the status of civil service, and participatory, staff management and staff training issues.
As a decision-making process, civil service reform has to be viewed in the light of its pertaining politico-administrative System, and its social, economic and political environment. In addition, the part played by reform-oriented forces (in particular the civil service unions) calls for specific attention.
Fiscalité et croissance dans les États de la Zone franc
Authors: Duverger Daniel 
Published: January 2024

Sistema tributario y crecimiento en los Estados de la zona franc.
Analizando los factores del crecimiento económico en los países africanos, los dos primeros papeles llegan a conclusiones comparables por vías diferentes : una gran diferenciación del crecimiento económico según los países, por una parte, y por la otra, la importancia que lleva el comercio exterior y las relaciones del intercambio con el crecimiento de las rentas públicas.
Le processus de réforme communale en République fédérale d’Allemagne (1964-1980)
Authors: Siedentopf Heinrich 
Published: January 2024

El proceso de reforma comunal en RFA.
Hasta hace poco, la autonomía de gestión de las colectividades locales fue fundada en la aplicación de principios constitucionales que garantizan la libertad. Desde ahora, los problemas relativos a la política local tienen tendencia a reducirse a un mero problema de política administrativa. La yuxtaposición y distinción de varios niveles de administración tiene tendencia a limitarse a una diferenciación de carácter funcional según criterios de política y técnica administrativa. Ello permite al autor de interrogarse si, a pesar de considerar las legítimas exigencias del Estado de derecho, y del Estado social, así no se saca el fundamento político y específico de la autonomía de gestión de las colectividades locales.
La réforme de l’administration locale aux Pays-Bas
Authors: Bours Adriaan 
Published: January 2024

Local Government Reform In The Netherlands.
After describing the history of local government in the Netherlands, the author expresses the opinion that reform is now required on the local and regional levels. If attempts at reform have so far not been successful, this is, according to the author, not because of practical errors within the System of government, but because of the obvious lack of an overall policy for administrative reform. Lacking a clearly defined policy of this sort, the reform undertaken in the Netherlands boils down to a set of expedients.
Remarques sur la restructuration des entreprises publiques françaises
Authors: Debène Marc 
Published: January 2024

Comments on the reshuffling of french public enterprise.
Underlying the recent nationalizations is the motive to provide the authorities with a tool for the reorganization of the French economy. The public sector has been growing these past thirty years in a variety of forms, but with the common target of concentrating economic power. Yet in this respect, a line is to be drawn between the aim pursued by the corporate effort on the one hand and the industrial policy of the State on the other.
This double-headedness is the key factor for evolving the right criteria to assess the effectiveness of the reorganization, in the teeth of unwieldy decisions vs. reconciliation of public concerns. To this effect, the new government will have to clarify the relations between the State and public enterprise, confer tot the latter whatever additional powers may be assigned, and give priority ot the targets of industrial policy.
Les moyens économiques d’évaluation de l’efficacité des entreprises publiques
Authors: Bernard Alain 
Published: January 2024

Economic efficiency yardsticks of public enterprise.
What methods and/or tools are used for performance assessment of administration regarding their economic choices and the results of public enterprise ? Public corporations have specific tools, such as accountancy, order development indicators, investment decision models, for which a fast expansion has been observed over the past twenty years and which greatly facilitate information of public authorities. It is however absolutely necessary for government to call upon their own yardsticks to evaluate the decisions of public enterprise in order to ensure agreement with the general economic goals and to appraise the results obtained.
After an overview of the economic trend and the role of public enterprise since the end of the war, the author shows how the available yardsticks have evolved in line with the economic and institutional context.
La formation du fonctionnaire dans un «État social de droit»
Authors: Parejo Alfonso Luciano 
Published: January 2024

En la administración española existe un derecho y un deber de formación para el funcionario, pero se traduce hasta ahora solo con pocas disposiciones de derecho positivo, tanto para el funcionario del Estado que para los de las comunidades autónomas.
El derecho debe figurar al centro de las disciplinas a enseñar, pero son actitudes y hábitos que conviene transmitir durante la formación. Esta será positiva solo si los funcionarios están motivados.
Les entreprises publiques des années 1990 face au défi européen
Authors: Long Marceau 
Published: January 2024

State Enterprise and the European Challenge of the 1990’s
Is there any scope for state enterprise in the europewide market of the 1990’s ? The Single European Act reaffirms the liberal policy set forth in the Treaty of Rome and many governments consider the challenges of an internationalised economy would be better met by state enterprises privatised in whole or in part while others are tempted to assimilate state enterprise and loss-making sectors of the economy. However, less economic liberalization need not imply allowing state enterprise to lag in terms of economic efficiency and advanced technology ! On the contrary, state enterprises should not loss their identity by imitating the private sector. Alongside the private initiative, state enterprise has a duty to meet the 1992 challenges of economic integration and of technological change that Europe cannot afford to sidestep.
Les abonnés du téléphone et les PTT
Authors: Vigouroux Christian 
Published: January 2024

Telephone Users and the PTT.
Cryptic billing, threats of cut-off, burden of proof on users and restricted access to PTT corridors of power all make users feel powerless in the face of overbilling. The PTT are adopting modem technology to provide users with new services that will prevent complaints, or handle them more efficiently, thus alleviating the current State of affairs.
Élaboration des politiques publiques et mobilisation sociale : le cas de l’environnement, de la consommation et des droits de la femme
Authors: Spanou Calliope 
Published: January 2024

Public Policymaking for the Environment, Consumer Action and Women’s Rights.
Support from non-profit action groups has considerably enhanced the efficacy of the Ministries of the Environment, Consumer Rights and Women’s Rights. Ministries are now coordinating activities directly with such groups. This article describes why this approach is less effective for the formulation of public policy or where potential support lacks organizational structure, homogeneity or coherence.
La recherche de défense
Authors: Bindel Serge 
Published: January 2024

Defense Rresearch.
Defense research is defined in terms of scope, organization and openness. It consumes 1/3 of the total national research budget. A high degree of cooperation at ail levels is required between weapons designers and end users. Working relationships with the scientific community at large both in government and in research laboratories are expanding. The Ministry of Defense farms out over 60 % development to industry, thereby opening up a new two-way information flow that contributes to weapons development and benefits the national economy.
«Peut-on enseigner l’art d’administrer sans administrer soi-même ?» Réflexions
Authors: Pisani Edgard 
Published: January 2024

“Can one teach the art of government without being an administrator oneseif ?”
Comments by Edgard Pisani

Is it possible to teach the art of government and administration without being in either government or administration oneself ? Yet this is precisely what co-operation in the field of organization and management of the State machinery seeks to do. This co-operation — which is tremendously important — can take various forms. Specific, local, and technical assignments should be particularly encouraged.
Le rôle des études de cas aux États-Unis
Authors: Rosenbloom David H. 
Published: January 2024

Legal and Management Training of Public Employees in the United States :
the Use of Case studies.
There is no centralized or unified system of initial training for the 15 million or so American administrative public employees. The majority of these employees receive legal and management training outside state-run institutions, in universities usually offering a Masters’s course in Public Administration. Consequently, the legal casebooks on which the teaching of law is based are giving an increasingly amount of space to law — constitutional and administrative — relating to administrative practice. Case studies in management, which have been used from the thirties onwards, in particular at Harvard University, and supported by a vast movement of ideas, are increasingly focusing on the specific nature of public administration.
Pour un statut juridique de la diversité biologique
Authors: Hermitte Marie-Angèle 
Published: January 2024

Towards a Law on Biological Diversity.
Owing to the total ineffectiveness of environmental law, we must devise a law on biological diversity. The task is a difficult one. Treating the environment (land, sea and air) as a subject of law flies in the face of ail recent legal thinking, according to which man is the only possible subject of law. The regulations stemming from the biological diversity charter need to cover four basic areas in order to be coherent : the environment, living things, and the space as well as the time of biological evolution which would provide a basis for establishing much longer periods of responsibility. The drafting of this law, far from being a matter for experts alone, raises issues of political responsibility that must be faced in the open in accordance with traditional democratic procedures.
La gestion des espaces naturels
Authors: Raynaud Pierre 
Published: January 2024

Management of Natural Spaces.
Nature is not made up of closed, independent Systems, but of a variety of specific natural entities linked to each other in space and time. One must move beyond a System of management that revolves around the protection and conservation of natural spaces towards one that involves forward planning. Man should no longer be considered the center of nature when he is only a tiny part of it. The relationship between nature conservation and economic growth should be redefined, as should the allocation of responsibilities, in order to integrate nature conservation into a comprehensive approach, which alone would provide a genuine basis for altering management practices.
Les aspects internationaux de la prévention et du règlement des risques technologiques et naturels majeurs
Authors: Huglo Christian 
Published: January 2024

The International Aspects of the Prevention and Control of Major Technological and Natural Risks.
The concept of major risk (whether natural or technological) excludes the very idea of liability. Nevertheless, a body of international law on compensation for disaster-related damage has gradually been developed. Risk prevention, affecting as it does the sovereignty of States, is making slower headway and is not sufficiently effective. The author recommends that a full-fledged environmental law, which goes beyond statements of co-operation and solidarity and provides for the setting up of an integrated international System for the prevention and management of major risks and the provision of compensation, be established at international level.
Collectivités locales : du modèle communautaire et territorial au modèle fonctionnel de l’entreprise
Authors: Mazères Jean-Arnaud , Regourd Serge 
Published: January 2024

Local Authorities : From a Communal and Territorial Model to a Functional Corporate Model.
In recent years the organization and working methods of local and regional authorities appear to have been clearly inspired by the corporate model. This development is characterized by a functionalization and de-territorialization of activities, one of the most common features being the privatization of management methods. After identifying these features, the study attempts to explain this phenomenon by tracing it back to the very sources of the distinction between the functional and the territorial approach and by placing it in an ‘archeological’ perspective of local government.
Les projets de service au centre des questions du management public
Authors: Guérin Martine 
Published: January 2024

The Service Project at the Heart of Public Management Questions
The main interesting aspect of the process involved in the «service project» is matching the objectives of the general policy of modernisation of the public service with the personal hopes of Civils Servants. The study of past experience in the Administration has shown that their success depends on a series of factors and particularly on the strategy used to introduce the change, on the organisational context, on the degree of involvment on the part of middle and top-ranking Civil Servants and on the evolution of union practices. It seems indispensable to combine the process involved in the «service project » that includes the participation of Civil Servants in major decision-making with new methods of human resources management.