bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capturing Her Essence
Authors: Vesey Alyxandra 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Chapter 2 identifies female pop stars’ work as fragrance spokeswomen in the twenty-first century’s first decade as a tipping point for collaborative music merchandise. Celebrity perfumes began to emerge in the late 1980s as a way for older customers to access the mature moneyed glamour of legends like actress Elizabeth Taylor and pop diva Cher. However, by the early 2000s the fragrance industry began to exploit pop stars’ fragmented feminine subjectivities and convergent celebrity to sell flankers, or repackaged modifications of signature scents, to younger fans at a lower price point. Furthermore, pop stars like Britney Spears, Jennifer Lopez, Katy Perry, and Nicki Minaj presented themselves as savvy businesswomen who were heavily involved in the creative process. Though they were still recognized discursively as spokeswomen, their performances of discernment and emotional investment illustrate what the chapter refers to as “post-feminist entrepreneurship,” or female recording artists’ calculated efforts to represent themselves as workers and capitalist subjects by collaborating on mass-produced, hegemonically feminine consumer products that exploit individual brands to engender feelings of proximity and empowerment in consumers. Because such entrepreneurial efforts extend female pop stars’ industrial viability, post-feminist entrepreneurship is defined through a critical reclamation of “shelf life,” or the timespan that a commodity can be stored before it spoils. Thus, “shelf life” metaphorizes the affective registers embedded within the consumption of branded products and the demands placed on female pop stars to expand beyond music to sell normatively feminine consumer goods before popular feminism’s emergence in the mid-2010s.
Wearing Her Clothes
Authors: Vesey Alyxandra 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Chapter 3 investigates how female musicians commodify their personal style as clothing designers by using other women’s personal style as creative inspiration. This practice is described as citational feminism and positioned alongside the grimmer realities of global fashion manufacturing’s labor conditions, which often relies on the exploitation of environmental resources and garment workers. Rapper M.I.A.’s fraught relationship to the fashion industry is analyzed. In the mid-2000s, the Sri Lankan-British performer and producer helped revive b-girl aesthetics in her music videos and self-presentation. She later parlayed her image into spokesmodel contracts for luxury brands like Marc Jacobs and tried to launch her own clothing line, Okley Run, before partnering with established brands to help offset the financial costs of clothing manufacture while positioning herself as a transnational style icon, particularly through her motivic use of forgery and upcycling in her bootleg-themed 2013 Versus capsule collection, her 2016 H&M “Rewear It” campaign, and her 2017 athleisure line with Astrid Andersen.
Following Her Recipe
Authors: Vesey Alyxandra 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The fifth chapter departs from the previous chapters’ focus on the aesthetics of self-presentation by analyzing how veteran singers commodify food products as a way to express their anxieties over feminine aging and commemorate their families’ gynocentric culinary traditions. In particular, it examines soul artist’s Patti LaBelle’s late-career transformation as a celebrity cook and lifestyle expert. LaBelle’s pivot toward cookbook authorship in the late 1990s was the result of professional tumult and personal trauma. During this period, she broke with her record label and management, lost several family members to terminal illness, and was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. In the 2010s, she parlayed her reputation as a cookbook author into a partnership with Wal-Mart, which manufactured and distributed her dessert line and sponsored Patti LaBelle’s Place (2016–) on the Cooking Channel. Place reinforces LaBelle’s legacy by representing her Philadelphia home as a gathering place and pilgrimage site, and by positioning her as one of the few black female executive producers of a U.S. cooking show, an institutional inequality reinforced by white female country artists like Trisha Yearwood and Martina McBride being able to parlay their cookbook authorship more easily into successful food programs. Furthermore, LaBelle’s reliance on Wal-Mart as a corporate patron also raises questions about black entrepreneurship’s racial and respectability politics.
Conclusion
Authors: Vesey Alyxandra 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Extending Play ends by reflecting on collaborative music merchandise’s global and environmental consequences, as well as on the challenges of studying this kind of promotional labor. While brand partnerships are becoming increasingly commonplace, they frequently rely on musicians securing endorsement contracts first in order to prove their commercial viability to the companies willing to work with them. For another, brand partnerships do very little to fix the music business’s larger structural problems around compensation and income inequality within a global economy profoundly depressed by the COVID-19 outbreak and altered by wealth redistribution that has disproportionately benefitted technology companies like Spotify and Amazon at the expense of artists’ livelihood. The pandemic resulted in the widespread shutdown of media conferences like South by Southwest (SXSW) and the cancelation of spring and summer tours and festivals, all of which rely heavily on merchandise and brand partnerships. As a result, many artists have relied more heavily on merchandise not only as a way for fans to show their support by literally as a form of income as they shelter in place. In order to reflect on this moment and grapple with its long-term effects, this book concludes by reflecting on the collaborative music merchandise economy during the pandemic, its implications for musicians’ labor, and possible solutions for minimizing and preventing their future exploitation.
Karbala
Authors: Zaidi Nishat , Premchand  
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides a background to Premchand’s play Karbala, that was published in 1924, at the height of communal tensions in colonial India. It explains that Karbala embodies the epistemic and ethical views of Premchand, in all their ambivalences and complexities, and contains all the major markers of his work as a writer. It also describes Karbala as a cross-cultural text that took up a significant event in Islamic history and transformed it into a nationalist narrative. The chapter describes the process of translating the play from its original language, which involved recasting into English the ethos of Urdu ghazals and marsiyas, and patriotic songs written in Sanskritized Hindi. It illustrates how Premchand’s Karbala manifests cultural translation as a powerful tool in the task of nation-building and as a representational strategy.
The New Broadway-Style Musical
Authors: Savran David 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
South Korea has become the largest market in Asia for Broadway musicals, which dominate the commercial theatre in Seoul. Although Western music was not introduced into Korea until the late 1800s, Korea quickly developed its own popular music forms under the Japanese occupation (1910–1945). After the Korean War, the US military set up large bases, broadcast popular music on armed forces radio, imported Broadway musicals, and recruited countless Korean entertainers for US troops. By the 1960s, Koreans were developing their own rock ’n’ roll and musical theatre and started making their own musicals based on Korean history. Under the sponsorship of the Korean government, both The Last Empress (1995) and Hero: The Musical (2009) were able to tour Western theatre capitals and alert theatregoers and producers to the vitality of Korean musical theatre.
The Sound of Korea
Authors: Savran David 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
South Koreans’ flair for creating innovative musicals is correlated to their skill at composing unique musical hybrids that mix Western and Korean national styles. The twenty-first century has seen a blossoming of innovative music—utterly unlike K-pop—that combines Korean heritage music with Western international styles and undermines the distinction between popular song and classical music. In the twenty-first century, Korean musical theatre has developed a unique style that draws on traditional idioms while expanding the horizons of the Broadway-style musical. It has even started incorporating traditional Korean music theatre, pansori, into musicals, most notably in an award-winning adaptation of the landmark 1993 film Seopyeonje.
Using Apostrophes to Mark Some Plurals
Authors: Spector Stephen 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Quick, what’s the plural of the lowercase letter i? It’s got to be i’s, right? The spellings is and ts in a sentence like “Dot your is and cross your ts” would only confuse people. It’s much clearer as “Dot your i’s and cross your t’s.” That’s one context in which we need apostrophes to mark plurals.
The Dreaded Comma Splice
Authors: Spector Stephen 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
If I asked you to guess the most common writing problem that students have, what would you say? The truth is, my most frequent comment on students’ papers isn’t about grammar or usage, or even about punctuation. It’s that they need to express their ideas more clearly and directly, in a more natural voice. But aside from that, their most persistent error is probably the comma splice.
Commas in Front of Wh- Words
Authors: Spector Stephen 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Mark Twain’s habit of swearing was repulsive to his wife, who tried religiously to cure him of it. One day, while he was shaving, he cut himself and recited his entire liturgy of curses. When he had finished, Livy, who was in the next room, shocked him by repeating what he had said, word for word. . . . Twain winced [and said], “You got the words right, but you don’t know the tune.”
En Dashes
Authors: Spector Stephen 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The en dash is longer than a hyphen but shorter than the em dash. It has uses, but before we go any further, I’m going to make a shocking confession: I’ve never used an en dash. You may not need to either, because, except in published texts, it’s normally okay to use a hyphen instead. Newspapers typically use hyphens, not en dashes. The New York Times Manual of Style and Usage tells journalists not to use the en dash, except as a minus sign. But in other types of published work, en dashes are a sign of careful editing. If a publisher accepts your work, it’s certainly good to apply the guidelines below to put en dashes in your typescript. But, as one veteran editor at a university press told me, if the copy editor replaces your hyphens with en dashes when appropriate, you probably don’t need to worry too much about doing it.
Exclamation Points!!!!
Authors: Spector Stephen 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The exclamation point was invented in the 1300s, but we don’t know its origins for sure. One theory is that it came from the Latin word Io—an exclamation of joy or triumph—with the I written above the o. But a fourteenth-century Italian Humanist named Iacopo Alpoleio da Urbisaglia offered a totally different creation story: he said that he invented this mark by putting a comma above and to the side of a point. He called it a punctus admirativus or punctus exclamativus—a mark of admiration or exclamation. It’s had many names since then. In America, we call it an exclamation point, while in the British Commonwealth it’s an exclamation mark. It’s also been called a wonderer, an admiration, and a shriek. Printers have called it a bang, a screamer, a gasper, a startler, a pling—and a part of a dog’s anatomy that I won’t repeat here. Roy Peter Clark cleverly calls it a little phallic bat and ball.1 Most of those metaphors aren’t exactly compliments, but they all suggest the energy and enthusiasm that this mark conveys. And yet several writers hate this poor punctuation mark, as we saw in the discussion on pages 8–10.
Starting Sentences with And or But
Authors: Spector Stephen 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Writers have opened sentences with and since the Old English period. Chaucer did it. So did Malory, Shakespeare, the translators of the King James Version of the Bible, and many others. And authors have been starting sentences with but since the Middle Ages. Chaucer did that a lot, and Shakespeare and Milton did it, too.1 Even the early grammarians who prescribed many of the weird usage rules in English had no problem with starting sentences with but. In the nineteenth century, though, some schoolteachers opposed starting sentences with and or but, possibly because young students did that too often. Then teachers went overboard, banning the practice altogether.2 Today, most language experts and stylists agree that it’s fine to open sentences that way. In fact, The Chicago Manual of Style points out that up to ten percent of the sentences in first-rate writing begin with conjunctions such as and, but, or so.3 Starting with but can be stylistically powerful. It packs a punch that the more formal-sounding word however doesn’t. Just don’t do it too often.
Age of Wolf and Wind
Authors: Zori Davide 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Age of Wolf and Wind: Voyages through the Viking World is a new introduction into the Vikings Age that capitalizes on recent archaeological discoveries and the breakthroughs in the natural sciences. This book explores key questions of the Viking Age, such as the motivations of Scandinavians to board open wooden ships to raid England or cross the North Atlantic in search of new worlds beyond Europe. Each chapter presents a case study that offers new conclusions about the Vikings—their views on death, their raiding tactics, their forging of powerful medieval states. Together the case studies provide a holistic picture of the Viking Age and show how the productive combination of data sources has resulted in breakthroughs in our understanding of the Vikings.
From Paganism to Christianization
Authors: Zori Davide 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores Viking belief systems and the transition from paganism to Christianity by examining Scandinavian beliefs about death and the afterlife. The Viking Age was a dynamic period spanning pre-Christian paganism, the transition to Christianity, and the beginning of the institutionalization of the new faith in Scandinavia. The chapter considers Viking death beliefs and practices through the lens of anthropological work conducted on rites of passage. The written accounts and archaeology of Viking burials show how the rites of passage accompany individuals as they pass from this life to the next. Written sources, archaeological evidence, and new scientific techniques are combined to reveal the cultural logic that structured the diversity of pagan mortuary practices. This cultural logic shifted during the process of Christianization. Immediately after the arrival of Christianity, Viking Age graves reflect a creative intermixing of the faiths. After this brief period of syncretism and before the twilight of the Viking Age, Christianity brought a simplification and standardization to the burial traditions as Scandinavians were increasingly tied into the cultural network of medieval Christian Europe.
Political Centralization in Denmark
Authors: Zori Davide 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The nature of the power of Viking Age Scandinavian kings and the political organization of their societies are the focus of this chapter. The use of “king” implies the presence of a state, but in the Viking Age, the title of “king” had several meanings and encompassed individuals of varying degrees of political power. The personal nature of the power wielded by the early Viking Age Scandinavian kings was personal and bears closer resemblance to the type of power possessed by leaders called chiefs in the anthropological literature. The written sources, archaeological evidence, and new scientific discoveries reveal how the nature of royal power became institutionalized during the Viking Age. The increased royal power led to the emergence of three large kingdoms that have persisted and become the modern states of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. To examine closely the trajectory of one of these Viking polities, this chapter focuses on the emergence of the state in Denmark. It argues that the polity of Denmark, characterized by a centralized bureaucratic and administrative structure and a supporting ideological framework, came into place in the late tenth century. The state emerging in the late 900s then saw greater consolidation, particularly around 1000. Once the Christian Danish state was in place in the second half of the eleventh century, the Viking Age can truly be said to be over.
Into Marginal North Atlantic Environments
Authors: Zori Davide 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In the North Atlantic islands, the Norse—as the diasporic Viking Age Scandinavians in the North Atlantic are called—encountered no substantial populations and found pristine environments that were unaltered by humans. The motivations for Norse expansion onto the North Atlantic islands were also different from those driving incursions into Europe and the British Isles; raiding and trading were absent, since there were no people there to raid or with which to trade. From the outset, the Norse came to the North Atlantic islands to settle and to farm. These remote and northerly unsettled landscapes imposed constraints on traditional Scandinavian subsistence and political economies, at the same time as they offered immense opportunities. Interacting with the local environment and with one another, the migrants colonizing the North Atlantic islands developed a new culture related to, but distinct from, the society of mainland Scandinavia. This new migrant society is visible above all in Iceland, where textual, archaeological, and scientific sources of information combine to offer a vivid picture of a transplanted Viking society. This chapter focuses on the motivations for migration, the social structure of the settlement, and the adaptation of Viking Age society to the Icelandic environment. In exploring these key issues, the chapter engages the themes of correspondence, complementarity, and contradiction in the available data sets that derive from written sources, archaeology, and the sciences of geology, botany, palynology, and genetics.
Phonology in Multilingual Grammars
Authors: Archibald John 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The main goal of this book is to probe questions about the nature of an interlanguage (IL) grammar (i.e. the grammar of a bilingual or multilingual). I approach these questions from a cognitive science perspective which draws upon abstract representational structures in demonstrating that phonological knowledge underlies the surface phonetic properties of L2 speech. Specifically, the book will demonstrate that IL grammars are not ‘impaired’, ‘fundamentally different’, or ‘shallow’ (as some have argued). The phonological grammars are complex, hierarchically structured mental representations that are governed by the principles of linguistic theory, including the principles of Universal Grammar. I craft a model which addresses Plato’s Problem (learning in the absence of evidence) and Orwell’s Problem (resistance to learning in the face of abundant evidence). Furthermore, the study of grammatical interfaces (phonetics/phonology; phonology/morphology; phonology/syntax) reveals the necessary design conditions for an internally consistent architecture for a comprehensive model of second language speech. The resulting empirically motivated model is parsimonious in accounting for all aspects of L2 speech from phonological feature, to segment, to word, to sentence. The book concludes with discussion of why phonology has been underrepresented in generative approaches to second language acquisition, as well as some of the implications of second language phonology for applied linguistics and language pedagogy.
The Phonetics/Phonology Interface
Authors: Archibald John 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter demonstrates the benefit of abstract L2 phonological representations by raising problems with solely phonetic models of L2 speech. In articulating an acquisition model, the intake frequency hypothesis is presented which accounts for acquisition by phonetics. The second learning mechanism proposed is the redeployment hypothesis which accounts for acquisition by phonology. The chapter concludes with a discussion of illusory vowels in the production and perception of L2 speech. It is argued that (a) abstract phonological representations (in particular appendices) explain the cross-linguistic patterns, and (b) that inaccurate production is not always caused by inaccurate perception (contra the Speech Learning Model).
Underture
Authors: Archibald John 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter wraps up the book by outlining the indirect realist model which underlies the grammatical (including phonological) knowledge of multilinguals. Such a model is able to provide explanations for the properties of the grammatical interfaces of phonology with phonetics, morphology, and syntax. The chapter concludes with a discussion of why phonology continues to be underrepresented in generative approaches to language acquisition. The possible pedagogic implications of such an approach are also considered, as well as some of the social implications of recognizing that non-native speakers possess rich, complex cognitive systems that underlie their speech. Such an approach may foster social justice by helping to reduce the discrimination that second language speakers may face. I also hope that it can help to foster a culture of curiosity in language teachers.
What Does It Mean to Invest in Children’s Mental Health?
Authors: Eisenberg Daniel , Raghavan Ramesh 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter describes key definitions and concepts that underlie a careful assessment of investments in children’s mental health. It presents a broad, holistic definition of mental health and well-being, as opposed to more narrowly focused, disease-based outcomes. Then, it presents how the authors define best investments. It makes the case for economic evaluations of intervention, such as cost-effectiveness or benefit–cost analysis, as a way to identify strategies and practices in which to invest, and it presents some of the caveats associated with these methods. The chapter concludes by presenting three frameworks that are integrated throughout this book: understanding factors within the child’s social ecology, paying attention to the developmental status of the child, and supporting key factors that can create a nurturing environment for the child. To make the discussion more concrete, the chapter weaves in the perspective of leaders of a hypothetical elementary school who are considering how to support their students’ mental health.
Parent Training Programs
Authors: Eisenberg Daniel , Raghavan Ramesh 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The next case study focuses on parent training programs, which can improve children’s mental health by helping parents become more supportive and connected to their children. Many of these programs have solid evidence of improving children’s well-being. After an overview of the variety across parenting programs, this chapter reviews the evidence of effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. The chapter highlights examples of programs that have been found to be particularly effective, such as Incredible Years and Triple P; these programs have favorable benefit–cost ratios and appear worthy of greater investment. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion around equity concerns, which are particularly important in an area such as parenting that is heavily influenced by cultural and social norms.