bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated parallel anionic polymerizations: Enhancing the possibilities of a widely used technique in polymer synthesis
Authors: Guerrero‐Sanchez Carlos , Abeln Caroline , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractAnionic polymerization techniques have been implemented successfully in a commercial automated synthesizer. The main problems for a successful adaptation of the experimental technique in the automated synthesizer are addressed, as well as some simple potential applications, such as the anionic polymerization of styrene, isoprene, and methyl methacrylate. The obtained results were reproducible and in concordance with literature knowledge. The apparent rate constant of the anionic polymerization of styrene in cyclohexane initiated bysec‐butyllithium could be determined at two different concentrations of the monomer and initiator in a temperature range of 10–60 °C. All the synthesis and characterization experiments of the polymers were performed within a short time period. Moreover, the syntheses of poly(styrene‐b‐isoprene) and poly(styrene‐b‐methyl methacrylate) block copolymers were also successfully carried out within the automated synthesizer. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 4151–4160, 2005
A study on correlation between physical properties and interfacial characteristics in highly loaded graphite–polymer composites
Authors: Arai Toshihiro , Tominaga Yoichi , Asai Shigeo , Sumita Masao 
Published: August 2005

AbstractHighly loaded graphite–polymer composites for a bipolar plate of polymer electrolyte fuel cell are studied. One of the composites contains of polypropylene (PP), and graphite powder and the other contains of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and the graphite, respectively. The electrical and physical properties for the composites are determined. Inverse gas chromatography (IGC) measurements are carried out to characterize the surface of the graphite and the interface between the graphite and each polymer, following the Fowkes scheme. The IGC measurements show that the surface of graphite is nucleophilic and strongly attracts electrophiles by acid–base interaction. It is considered to be reasonable that the main chain carbon atoms to which electronegative fluorine atoms bond in PVDF are nucleophilic and has strong acid–base interaction with graphite. Such strong interaction causes high electric resistivity, high flexural properties, and high melt viscosity of the composite. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 2568–2577, 2005
Intimate blending of binary polymer systems from their common cyclodextrin inclusion compounds
Authors: Uyar Tamer , Rusa Cristian C. , Wang Xingwu , Rusa Mariana , Hacaloglu Jale , Tonelli Alan E. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA procedure for the formation of intimate blends of three binary polymer systems polycarbonate (PC)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), PC/poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) and PMMA/PVAc is described. PC/PMMA, PC/PVAc, and PMMA/PVAc pairs were included in γ‐cyclodextrin (γ‐CD) channels and were then simultaneously coalesced from their common γ‐CD inclusion compounds (ICs) to obtain intimately mixed blends. The formation of ICs between polymer pairs and γ‐CD were confirmed by wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It was observed [solution 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)] that the ratios of polymers in coalesced PC/PMMA and PC/PVAc binary blends are significantly different than the starting ratios, and PC was found to be preferentially included in γ‐CD channels when compared with PMMA or PVAc. Physical mixtures of polymer pairs were also prepared by coprecipitation and solution casting methods for comparison. DSC, solid‐state 1H NMR, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and direct insertion probe pyrolysis mass spectrometry (DIP‐MS) data indicated that the PC/PMMA, PC/PVAc, and PMMA/PVAc binary polymer blends were homogeneously mixed when they were coalesced from their ICs. A single, common glass transition temperature (Tg) recorded by DSC heating scans strongly suggested the presence of a homogeneous amorphous phase in the coalesced binary polymer blends, which is retained after thermal cycling to 270 °C. The physical mixture samples showed two distinct Tgs and 1H T1ρ values for the polymer components, which indicated phase‐separated blends with domain sizes above 5 nm, while the coalesced blends exhibited uniform 1H spin‐lattice relaxation values, indicating intimate blending in the coalesced samples. The TGA results of coalesced and physical binary blends of PC/PMMA and PC/PVAc reveal that in the presence of PC, the thermal stability of both PMMA and PVAc increases. Yet, the presence of PMMA and PVAc decreases the thermal stability of PC itself. DIP‐MS observations suggested that the degradation mechanisms of the polymers changed in the coalesced blends, which was attributed to the presence of molecular interactions between the well‐mixed polymer components in the coalesced samples. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 2578–2593, 2005
Relationship between FEV1 and peak oxygen uptake in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Pianosi Paul , LeBlanc John , Almudevar Anthony 
Published: August 2005

AbstractCross‐sectional data do not truly convey the manner in which declining lung function affects peak oxygen uptake (peak $\dot VO_2$) within a given patient with cystic fibrosis. We hypothesized that there would be a concomitant decline in peak $\dot VO_2$ with FEV1 over time. Twenty‐eight children aged 8–17 years with cystic fibrosis performed annual ergometer tests over a 5‐year period to determine peak $\dot VO_2$ and within‐patient predictors of change in peak $\dot VO_2$. Analysis was done using a mixed‐effects model. During the study period, the annual decline in FEV1 averaged 2.7% of the predicted value per year. Peak $\dot VO_2$ fell during the observation period in 70% of patients, with an average annualized decline of 1.9 ml · min−1 · kg−1. This rate of decline was greater in older children in contrast to younger children, some of whom had an improvement in peak $\dot VO_2$ over the first few years, consistent with growth and maturation. There was no difference in this rate of decline between sexes, but girls started with a slightly lower peak $\dot VO_2$ (37.9 vs. 45.1 ml · min−1 · kg−1). In patients with FEV1 <80% predicted, declining FEV1 was highly correlated with falling peak $\dot VO_2$, whereas it remained stable over 4–5 years in patients whose FEV1 was >80% predicted and remained in that range. We conclude that peak $\dot VO_2$ remains stable or rises slightly over time in younger patients, while it shows a downward trend in older children with CF, particularly once FEV1 falls below 80% predicted. Peak $\dot VO_2$ is correlated with FEV1 during childhood in patients with cystic fibrosis, and both FEV1 and age influence peak $\dot VO_2$. Pediatr Pulmonol. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Properties of intergrowths and partial dislocations in mercury‐based HTSC oxides
Authors: Eyidi Dominique , Tall Papa D. , Rabier Jacques 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIntergrowths, stacking faults and dislocations have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy in (Hg, Re)Ba2Ca2Cu3O8+δ and HgBa2CaCu2O6+δ bulk superconductors. The stacking fault vectors and the Burgers vectors of partial edge dislocations associated with the nucleation or the annihilation of [Ca–CuO2] bilayers in the unit cells of both compounds are derived by different methods. We discuss the influence of uniaxial stresses on intergrowth propagation and also mechanisms yielding strain relaxation around intergrowths. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Theoretical studies on effective interactions in two‐band system
Authors: Nagao Hidemi , Kawabe Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWe investigate effective interactions in a two‐dimensional two‐sublattice system by using a two‐band Hubbard model. We present a t‐matrix approach for two‐dimensional two‐sublattice system and derive expressions of effective interactions by using the t‐matrix approach. Expressions of the effective exchange integral in the Heisenberg model are also approximately derived. The results suggest that two‐band superconductivity appears in the limit of an almost‐empty or almost‐filled band and strongly electron–electron correlation in two‐band systems. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Model checking, testing and verification working together
Authors: Gunter Elsa , Peled Doron 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWe present a symbolic model checking approach that allows verifying a unit of code, e.g., a single procedure or a collection of procedures that interact with each other. We allow temporal specifications that assert over both theprogram countersand theprogram variables. We decompose the verification into two parts: (1) a search that is based on the temporal behavior of theprogram counters, and (2) the formulation and refutation of a path condition, which inherits conditions constraining theprogram variablesfrom the temporal specification. This verification approach is modular, as we do not require that all the involved procedures are provided. Furthermore, we do not request that the code is based on a finite domain. The presented approach can also be used for automating the generation of test cases for unit testing.
Effectiveness of clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, and haloperidol monotherapy in reducing hostile and aggressive behavior in outpatients treated for schizophrenia: a prospective naturalistic study (IC-SOHO)
Authors: Bitter Istvan , Czobor Pal , Dossenbach Martin , Volavka Jan 
Published: August 2005

AbstractObjectiveAntipsychotic medications may reduce hostile and aggressive behavior in schizophrenia. This study compared the effectiveness of antipsychotics in the treatment of aggression.MethodThe Intercontinental Schizophrenia Outpatient Health Outcomes (IC-SOHO) study compares the effectiveness of antipsychotic treatments in practice setting. Schizophrenia outpatients who initiated or changed to a new antipsychotic are followed in this non-interventional, prospective observational study for up to 3 years, with 6-months data now available on the entire cohort (N = 7655). The presence or absence of verbal or physical hostility/aggression was assessed retrospectively for the period of 6 months before enrollment, and prospectively in the period of 6 months after enrollment (the study treatment period). At baseline, patients in five monotherapy treatment groups (combined N = 3135) were prescribed one of the treatments: clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, or haloperidol, and had complete data.ResultsHostile/aggressive behavior was reduced during the treatment period. Olanzapine and risperidone were significantly superior to haloperidol and to clozapine in this respect. These results remained essentially unchanged when adjusting for baseline imbalances in age, gender, age of onset, and substance abuse.ConclusionsAs monotherapy, both olanzapine and risperidone were superior to haloperidol and clozapine in reducing aggression. The relative lack of effectiveness of clozapine may be specific to this study population.
Hospital technology and nurse staffing management decisions
Authors: Li Ling , Benton W.C. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn this study, the key technology and nurse management decisions made by US hospitals in response to market needs were identified. It has been shown that technology implementation places a strong demand on nurse staff competency. While new strategic information systems are emerging, hospitals must provide on‐the‐job technological training for their nursing staffs. Of course, technology is not a cure‐all; rather, it is a tool that can be used by skilled nurse professionals in transforming sick patients into well patients with reasonable efficiency. The causal relationships between technology, nurse management decisions and performance established in this study are an important addition to the healthcare services literature. The results of our study also show that given the size constraint, large hospitals tend to invest more in equipment and technology for providing technology related services as compared to smaller hospitals. On the other hand, small rural hospitals tend to place more emphasis on staff development than their counterparts in urban areas.
Reforming Parliamentary Democracy
Authors: Franks C.E.S. 
Published: August 2005

Reforming Parliamentary Democracy, F. Leslie Seidle and David C.
Docherty, eds., Montreal & Kingston: McGill-Queen's University
Press, 2003, pp. vii, 246This book derives from a conference held by the Canadian Study of
Parliament Group at which distinguished persons discussed the efforts for
reform in Westminster style parliamentary democracies. Topics covered
include: second chambers (the British House of Lords, South Africa);
proportional representation (New Zealand); the role of the Crown
(Australia); political rights and representation of aboriginal peoples
(New Zealand and Canada); and federalism and devolution (Britain and
Canada). An introduction and conclusion by the editors, and a useful
chapter by Jennifer Smith on reform of the Canadian Parliament complete
the book.
The Politics of Public Management: The HRDC Audit of Grants and
Contributions
Authors: Evans Bryan 
Published: August 2005

The Politics of Public Management: The HRDC Audit of Grants and
Contributions, David A. Good, The Institute of Public Administration of
Canada Series in Public Management and Governance; Toronto, University of
Toronto Press, 2003, pp. 240The literature in public administration in some ways suffers from not
having more practitioners reflecting, writing and analyzing their
experiences. Thus David Good's book analyzing the HRDC's
so-called “billion dollar boondoggle” is a welcome
contribution. His background as both a senior manager/executive within
the Federal government and his academic credentials—a doctorate in
policy and administration sets him apart—as a practitioner-academic.
Good possesses the senior public manager's mind for detail and this
book provides a clear account of the ebbing and flowing of events,
beginning with the January 2000 release of HRDC's internal audit that
implied a loss of a billion dollars, to the Auditor General's report
of October that same year which, while critical of monitoring and
reporting practices, concluded that only $85,000 was unaccounted for. The
media and the opposition, at this point quickly lost interest.
Brève histoire philosophique de l'Union
soviétique
Authors: Labelle Gilles 
Published: August 2005

Brève histoire philosophique de l'Union soviétique,
Fabrice Bouthillon, Paris : Plon/Commentaire, 2003, 195 p.Ce petit ouvrage au titre intrigant est iconoclaste sous plus
d'un rapport. L'auteur l'a élaboré “ en
dépit de toutes les règles du bon sens universitaire ”
(15): ne sachant pas un mot de russe, il en a forgé les
idées dans un cours de premier cycle (plutôt que dans des
séminaires d'études supérieures ou dans des
colloques spécialisés) et l'a écrit à
Brest (plutôt qu'à Paris, seule ville de France
où l'on pense sérieusement, comme chacun sait).
Défenseur, comme l'indique le titre de l'ouvrage,
d'une “ histoire philosophique ” ,
c'est-à-dire d'une histoire qui cherche à
conceptualiser l'événement à mesure qu'en
est exposée la trame, l'auteur n'hésite pas, en
outre, à puiser dans l'héritage plus que suspect de la
tradition contre-révolutionnaire (Burke, Bonald, Maistre), laquelle
insiste sur l'antériorité et la pesanteur des
structures dans lesquelles sont enracinés les individus (histoire
ou langue). Il en résulte un ouvrage éblouissant
d'intelligence et d'une ironie mordante—chose rare dans
une université où, comme le relève l'auteur,
règne souvent un “ ennui lourd, massif, profond ”
(11).
Regionalism in a Global Society: Persistence and Change in Atlantic
Canada and New England
Authors: Cody Howard 
Published: August 2005

Regionalism in a Global Society: Persistence and Change in Atlantic
Canada and New England, Stephen G. Tomblin and Charles S. Colgan, eds.,
Peterborough: Broadview Press, 2004, pp. 333Perceived economic globalization and Europe's progressive
supranationalism have inspired a regional politics growth industry,
centred on Europe, which addresses how regions increasingly form and
operate trans-border institutions. Defining regionalism as the creation of
new partnerships or regions across jurisdictions, Memorial
University's Stephen Tomblin describes this book's thirteen
essays, divided almost evenly between Canadian and American scholars, as
an effort to overcome the lack of substantial research on North
America's cross-border regions (8). The book will satisfy most
readers seeking an update on the slowly growing regional initiatives
inside the Atlantic region (only sometimes including
Newfoundland) and the states of New England. But as the book's
contributors make clear, for all the ever-increasing trans-border truck
crossings and energy sales, most recently for Sable Island gas,
institutional cooperation between these provinces and states
remains limited.
Social-démocratie et mouvements ouvriers : la fin de
l'histoire?
Authors: Marier Patrik 
Published: August 2005

Social-démocratie et mouvements ouvriers : la fin de
l'histoire?, Serge Denis, Montréal : Les éditions
Boréal, 2003, 226p.Peu importe le pays, la relation entre le mouvement ouvrier et les
partis sociaux-démocrates est en crise. Ces derniers ont
cessé de promouvoir les revendications du mouvement ouvrier et ont
coupé les ponts avec leur base. Ce constat est au cœur de ce
livre qui débute avec le fameux “ winter of discontent
” britannique de 1978–79. Les récentes
décisions de certains partis sociaux-démocrates confirment
que la tendance se maintient. Serge Denis, auteur de plusieurs ouvrages
sur le syndicalisme, analyse la métamorphose des partis
sociaux-démocrates telle qu'elle est vécue par les
mouvements ouvriers.
International Environmental Policy: Interests and the Failure of the
Kyoto Process
Authors: Boardman Robert 
Published: August 2005

International Environmental Policy: Interests and the Failure of the
Kyoto Process, Sonja Boehmer-Christiansen and Aynsley Kellow, Cheltenham:
Edward Elgar, 2002, pp. xi, 214This valuable critique of climate change politics is written by two of
its leading observers. The authors—who variously describe themselves
as skeptical, dissident or agnostic about the scientific
issues—acknowledge that their views on the process are controversial
and unpopular. Why, they ask (1), was Kyoto so widely embraced? Unlike
other complex international agreements, the Protocol has been iconized. To
criticize it, they write, is to attack not only the “moral
crusade” (104) of environmentalism but also the global development
agenda (110). Behind the complaint is a well-crafted argument about the
inadequacies of science as a guide to policy, and a detailed account of
what they see as the politicization of climate science. The science, in
sum, has been “inescapably tied up with the play of interests from
the outset,” and “reflects, rather than simply drives,
politics” (6–7).
Governing Global Trade: International Institutions in Conflict and
Convergence
Authors: Duchesne Erick 
Published: August 2005

Governing Global Trade: International Institutions in Conflict and
Convergence, Theodore H. Cohn, Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2002, pp. xi,
329.At a time when all eyes are riveted on the World Trade Organization
(WTO) and the ups and downs associated with its current round of
negotiation initiated in Doha, Qatar, in November 2001, Theodore
Cohn's latest publication provides a vivid reminder: The global
trading regime is made up of much more than the WTO. The GATT/WTO is
still pivotal in Cohn's diachronic overview of the evolution of the
global trade regime since the creation of the General Agreement on Tariff
and Trade (GATT) in 1947, but unlike several other studies on a similar
topic, the author untangles the relationship between the GATT/WTO and
other formal and informal international institutions, such as the
G7/G8, the Quadrilateral Group (Quad), the Organization for Economic
Co-operation and Development (OECD), the G77, and the United Nations
Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). Each institution, as well as
the United States and the European Union, is given relatively equal
coverage in this notable study. Yet, as an indication that the
GATT/WTO is still primus inter pares, most chapters revolve
around the major negotiation rounds of the international organization.
Chapter 2 traces the origins and early period of the postwar trade regime
(1947–1962). Chapters 3 and 4 concentrate on the Kennedy
(1962–1972) and Tokyo (1973–1979) rounds of the GATT
respectively. Chapter 5 details the uncertainty associated with the
survival of the GATT (1980–1986). Chapters 6 and 7 focus on the
momentous Uruguay Round of the GATT (1986–1994), and chapter 8
highlights the post-Uruguay Round period (1995–2001).
Two Conceptions of Inequality and Natural Difference
Authors: Deslauriers Marguerite 
Published: August 2005

Abstract.I argue in this paper that there are certain similarities between Catharine MacKinnon, on the one hand, and Mary Wollstonecraft and Jean Jacques Rousseau, on the other, in the conception of inequality and its origins. All three make two important claims that characterize their accounts of inequality: first, that inequality is not natural, and second, that the differences which are alleged to justify inequality are in fact produced by the inequality. These two claims distinguish one way of arguing for equality. I contrast this with another way of arguing for equality, one which acknowledges natural differences.Résumé.Dans ce texte, je soutiens qu'il y a des similarités entre les conceptions de l'inégalité et de ses origines de Catharine MacKinnon d'une part et de Rousseau et Wollstonecraft d'autre part. Tous trois soutiennent deux thèses importantes qui caractérisent leur conception de l'inégalité : premièrement, l'inégalité n'est pas naturelle; deuxièmement, les différences qui sont invoquées pour justifier l'inégalité sont en fait le produit de cette inégalité. Ces deux positions sont distinctives d'une ligne d'argumentation défendant l'égalité. Je contraste cette ligne d'argumentation avec une seconde façon de défendre l'égalité qui diffère de la première en ce qu'elle reconnaît les différences naturelles.