bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining post-error performance in a complex multitasking environment
Authors: Lewis Christina M. , Gutzwiller Robert S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPrevious work on indices of error-monitoring strongly supports that errors are distracting and can deplete attentional resources. In this study, we use an ecologically valid multitasking paradigm to test post-error behavior. It was predicted that after failing an initial task, a subject re-presented with that task in conflict with another competing simultaneous task, would more likely miss their response opportunity for the competing task and stay ‘tunneled’ on the initially errored task. Additionally, we predicted that an error’s effect on attention would dissipate after several seconds, making error cascades less likely when subsequent conflict tasks are delayed. A multi-attribute task battery was used to present tasks and collect measures of both post-error and post-correct performance. Results supported both predictions: post-error accuracy on the competing task was lower compared to post-correct accuracy, and error-proportions were higher at shorter delays, dissipating over time. An exploratory analysis also demonstrated that following errors (as opposed to post-correct trials), participants clicked more on the task panel of the initial error regardless of delay; this continued task-engagement provides preliminary support for errors leading to a cognitive tunneling effect.
Chemosensitivity to doxorubicin in primary cells derived from tumor of FVB/N-Trp53tm1Hw1 with TALEN-mediated Trp53 mutant gene
Authors: Yun Woobin , Kim Ji Eun , Jin You Jeong , Roh Yu Jeong , Song Hee Jin , Seol Ayun , Kim Tae Ryeol , Min Kyeong Seon , Park Eun Seo , Park Gi Ho , Kang Hyun Gu , Choi Yeon Shik , Hwang Dae Youn 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
To evaluate the chemosensitivity to doxorubicin (DOX) in two primary cells derived from a tumor of FVB/N-Trp53tm1Hw1 knockout (KO) mice with TALEN-mediated Trp53 mutant gene, we evaluated the cell survivability, cell cycle distribution, apoptotic cell numbers and apoptotic protein expression in solid tumor cells and ascetic tumor cells treated with DOX.

Results
The primary tumor cells showed a significant (P < 0.05) defect for UV-induced upregulation of the Trp53 protein, and consisted of different ratios of leukocytes, fibroblasts, epithelial cells and mesenchymal cells. The IC50 level to DOX was lower in both primary cells (IC50 = 0.12 μM and 0.20 μM) as compared to the CT26 cells (IC50 = 0.32 μM), although the solid tumor was more sensitive. Also, the number of cells arrested at the G0/G1 stage was significantly decreased (24.7–23.1% in primary tumor cells treated with DOX, P < 0.05) while arrest at the G2 stage was enhanced to 296.8–254.3% in DOX-treated primary tumor cells compared with DOX-treated CT26 cells. Furthermore, apoptotic cells of early and late stage were greatly increased in the two primary cell-lines treated with DOX when compared to same conditions for CT26 cells. However, the Bax/Bcl-2 expression level was maintained constant in the primary tumor and CT26 cells.

Conclusions
To the best of our knowledge, these results are the first to successfully detect an alteration in chemosensitivity to DOX in solid tumor cells and ascetic tumor cells derived from tumor of FVB/N-Trp53tm1Hw1 mice TALEN-mediated Trp53 mutant gene.
Board characteristics and the likelihood of financial statements fraud: empirical evidence from an emerging market
Authors: Ebaid Ibrahim El-Sayed 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between board characteristics and the likelihood of fraud in financial statements in the Saudi stock exchange as one of the emerging markets. Financial statements of 67 companies listed on the Saudi Stock Exchange have been collected over six years from 2014 to 2019. The modified Beneish M-score model (Beneish in Financ Anal J 55(5):24–36, 1999) has been used to measure fraudulent financial statements. Panel data techniques have been used to examine the relationship between financial statement fraud and four characteristics of the board: independence, size, meetings frequency, and gender diversity. The findings indicate that the likelihood of fraud in financial statements is negatively and significantly related to board independence and it is positively and significantly related to the board size. The results also indicate that the representation of women on the board and the frequency of meetings have no significant relationship with the likelihood of fraud in the financial statements. The results of this study provide insight into the importance of corporate governance mechanisms, including the board of directors, in preventing corporate managers from engaging in fraudulent financial reporting activities. In emerging markets such as the Saudi Stock Exchange, financial statements are the main and almost the only source of information about the company. Therefore, examining the factors that reduce financial statement fraud in these markets is important.
Phase III, Randomized Study of Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab and Chemotherapy in Patients With EGFR- or ALK-Rearranged or Translocated Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer (ATTLAS, KCSG-LU19-04)
Authors: Park Sehhoon , Kim Tae Min , Han Ji-Youn , Lee Gyeong-Won , Shim Byoung Yong , Lee Yun-Gyoo , Kim Sang-We , Kim Il Hwan , Lee Suee , Kim Yu Jung , Park Ji Hyun , Park Sang-Gon , Lee Ki Hyeong , Kang Eun Joo , Kim Ju Won , Shin Seong-Hoon , Ock Chan-Young , Nam Byung-Ho , Lee Jaebong , Jung Hyun-Ae , Sun Jong-Mu , Lee Se-Hoon , Ahn Jin Seok , Ahn Myung-Ju 
Published: October 2023

PURPOSE In the treatment of non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a driver mutation, the role of anti–PD-(L)1 antibody after tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) remains unclear. This randomized, open-label, multicenter, phase III study evaluates the efficacy of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab, paclitaxel, and carboplatin (ABCP ) in EGFR- or ALK-rearranged or translocated NSCLC upon progression on TKI therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS We compared the clinical efficacy of ABCP followed by maintenance therapy with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab with pemetrexed plus carboplatin or cisplatin (PC) followed by pemetrexed maintenance. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS A total of 228 patients with activating EGFR mutation (n = 215) or ALK translocation (n = 13) were enrolled from 16 sites in the Republic of Korea and randomly assigned at 2:1 ratio to either ABCP (n = 154) or PC arm (n = 74). The median follow-up duration was 26.1 months (95% CI, 24.7 to 28.2). Objective response rates (69.5% v 41.9%, P < .001) and median PFS (8.48 v 5.62 months, hazard ratio [HR], 0.62 [95% CI, 0.45 to 0.86]; P = .004) were significantly better in the ABCP than PC arm. PFS benefit increased as PD-L1 expression increased, with an HR of 0.47, 0.41, and 0.24 for PD-L1 ≥1%, ≥10%, and ≥50%, respectively. Overall survival was similar between ABCP and PC arm (20.63 v 20.27 months, HR, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.69 to 1.46]; P = .975). The safety profile of the ABCP arm was comparable with that previously reported, with no additional safety signals, but higher rates of treatment-related adverse events were observed compared with the PC arm. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this study is the first randomized phase III study to demonstrate the clinical benefit of anti–PD-L1 antibody in combination with bevacizumab and chemotherapy in patients with EGFR- or ALK-rearranged or translocated NSCLC who have progressed on relevant targeted therapy.
Machine learning in physics: A short guide
Authors: Rodrigues Francisco A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Machine learning is a rapidly growing field with the potential to revolutionize many areas of science, including physics. This review provides a brief overview of machine learning in physics, covering the main concepts of supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning, as well as more specialized topics such as causal inference, symbolic regression, and deep learning. We present some of the principal applications of machine learning in physics and discuss the associated challenges and perspectives.
Incidence and Determinants of Spontaneous Normalization of Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Older Adults
Authors: van der Spoel Evie , van Vliet Nicolien A , Poortvliet Rosalinde K E , Du Puy Robert S , den Elzen Wendy P J , Quinn Terence J , Stott David J , Sattar Naveed , Kearney Patricia M , Blum Manuel R , Alwan Heba , Rodondi Nicolas , Collet Tinh-Hai , Westendorp Rudi G J , Ballieux Bart E , Jukema J Wouter , Dekkers Olaf M , Gussekloo Jacobijn , Mooijaart Simon P , van Heemst Diana 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Context
With age, the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism rises. However, incidence and determinants of spontaneous normalization remain largely unknown.

Objective
To investigate incidence and determinants of spontaneous normalization of TSH levels in older adults with subclinical hypothyroidism.

Design
Pooled data were used from the (1) pretrial population and (2) in-trial placebo group from 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials (Thyroid Hormone Replacement for Untreated Older Adults With Subclinical Hypothyroidism Trial and Institute for Evidence-Based Medicine in Old Age thyroid 80-plus thyroid trial).

Setting
Community-dwelling 65+ adults with subclinical hypothyroidism from the Netherlands, Switzerland, Ireland, and the United Kingdom.

Participants
The pretrial population (N = 2335) consisted of older adults with biochemical subclinical hypothyroidism, defined as ≥1 elevated TSH measurement (≥4.60 mIU/L) and a free T4 within the laboratory-specific reference range. Individuals with persistent subclinical hypothyroidism, defined as ≥2 elevated TSH measurements ≥3 months apart, were randomized to levothyroxine/placebo, of which the in-trial placebo group (N = 361) was included.

Main Outcome Measures
Incidence of spontaneous normalization of TSH levels and associations between participant characteristics and normalization.

Results
In the pretrial phase, TSH levels normalized in 60.8% of participants in a median follow-up of 1 year. In the in-trial phase, levels normalized in 39.9% of participants after 1 year of follow-up. Younger age, female sex, lower initial TSH level, higher initial free T4 level, absence of thyroid peroxidase antibodies, and a follow-up measurement in summer were independent determinants for normalization.

Conclusion
Because TSH levels spontaneously normalized in a large proportion of older adults with subclinical hypothyroidism (also after confirmation by repeat measurement), a third measurement may be recommended before considering treatment.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01660126 and Netherlands Trial Register, NTR3851.
High Lipoprotein(a) May Explain One-Quarter of Clinical Familial Hypercholesterolemia Diagnoses in Danish Lipid Clinics
Authors: Hedegaard Berit Storgaard , Nordestgaard Børge Grønne , Kanstrup Helle Lynge , Thomsen Kristian Korsgaard , Bech Jan , Bang Lia Evi , Henriksen Finn Lund , Andersen Lars Juel , Gohr Thomas , Larsen Linnea Hornbech , Soja Anne Merete Boas , Elpert Frank-Peter , Jakobsen Tomas Joen , Sjøl Anette , Joensen Albert Marni , Klausen Ib Christian , Schmidt Erik Berg , Bork Christian Sørensen 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Context
Cholesterol carried in lipoprotein(a) adds to measured low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and may therefore drive some diagnoses of clinical familial hypercholesterolemia (FH).

Objective
We investigated plasma lipoprotein(a) in individuals referred to Danish lipid clinics and evaluated the effect of plasma lipoprotein(a) on a diagnosis of FH.

Methods
Individuals referred to 15 Danish lipid clinics who were suspected of having FH according to nationwide referral criteria were recruited between September 1, 2020 and November 30, 2021. All individuals were classified according to the Dutch Lipid Clinical Network criteria for FH before and after LDL-C was adjusted for 30% cholesterol content in lipoprotein(a). We calculated the fraction of individuals fulfilling a clinical diagnosis of FH partly due to elevated lipoprotein(a).

Results
We included a total of 1166 individuals for analysis, of whom 206 fulfilled a clinical diagnosis of FH. Median lipoprotein(a) was 15 mg/dL (29 nmol/L) in those referred and 28% had lipoprotein(a) greater than or equal to 50 mg/dL (105 nmol/L), while 2% had levels greater than or equal to 180 mg/dL (389 nmol/L). We found that in 27% (55/206) of those fulfilling a clinical diagnosis of FH, this was partly due to high lipoprotein(a).

Conclusion
Elevated lipoprotein(a) was common in individuals referred to Danish lipid clinics and in one-quarter of individuals who fulfilled a clinical diagnosis of FH, this was partly due to elevated lipoprotein(a). These findings support the notion that the LPA gene should be considered an important causative gene in patients with clinical FH and further support the importance of measuring lipoprotein(a) when diagnosing FH as well as for stratification of cardiovascular risk.
Short-Term Pain Outcomes and Pain Medication Utilization Among Urine Toxicology-Identified Opioid and Marijuana Users After Elective Spine Surgery
Authors: Singh Manjot , Bajaj Ankush , Shlimak Anna , Kanekar Samika , Rampichini Margherita , Gokaslan Ziya L. , Scarfo Keith-Austin , Leary Owen P. , Guglielmo Maria A. 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Postoperative pain outcomes may be influenced by preoperative substance use, which is often underreported due to associated stigma. This study examined the impact of urine toxicology-identified preoperative opioid and marijuana use on pain outcomes after elective spinal surgery.

METHODS:
Patients undergoing elective spinal surgery between September 2020 and May 2022 were recruited for this prospective cohort study. Detailed chart review was completed to collect demographic, urine toxicology, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and pain medication data. Comparisons between self-reported and urine toxicology-identified substance use, preoperative/postoperative VAS ratings, and postoperative pain medication use were made using χ2 tests, Student t-tests, and logistic regression, respectively. Models were adjusted for age, sex, and race.

RESULTS:
Among 111 participants (mean age 58 years, 59% female, 95% with ≥1 comorbidity), urine toxicology overestimated drug use (47% vs 16%, P < .001) and underestimated alcohol use (16% vs 56%, P < .001) at preoperative baseline relative to patient reports. Two weeks postoperatively, participants with preoperative opioid metabolites reported no significant improvements in pain from baseline (6.67 preoperative vs 5.92 postoperative, P = .288) unlike nonusers (6.56 preoperative vs 4.61 postoperative, P < .001). They also had worse postoperative VAS (5.92 vs 4.61, P = .030) and heavier reliance on opioid medications (odds ratio = 3.09, 95% CI = 1.21-7.89, P = .019). Conversely, participants with preoperative marijuana reported similar improvements in pain from baseline (users: 6.88 preoperative vs 4.36 postoperative, P = .001; nonusers: 6.49 preoperative vs 5.07 postoperative, P = .001), similar postoperative pain (4.36 vs 5.07, P = .238), and similar postoperative reliance on opioid medications (odds ratio = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.38-2.44, P = .928). Trends were maintained among the 83 patients who returned for the 3-month follow-up.

CONCLUSION:
Although urine toxicology-identified preoperative opioid use was associated with poor postoperative pain relief and reliance on postoperative opioids for pain management after elective spinal surgery, preoperative marijuana use was not. Preoperative marijuana use, hence, should not delay or be a contraindication to elective spinal surgery.
Spiritual care competence, moral distress and job satisfaction among Iranian oncology nurses
Authors: Manookian Arpi , Nadali Javad , Ghiyasvandian Shahrzad , Weaver Kathryn , Haghani Shima , Divani Anahita 
Published: October 2023

Background: Nurses have a crucial role in identifying spiritual needs and providing spiritual care to patients living with cancer. Aim: This study evaluated Iranian oncology nurses’ spiritual care competence and its relationship with job satisfaction and moral distress. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 280 Iranian oncology nurses in 2020 using four questionnaires: demographic questionnaires, the Spiritual Care Competence Questionnaire (SCCQ), the Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) and the nurses’ Moral Distress Questionnaire (MDS-R). Findings: The mean scores indicated a medium to high Spiritual Care Competence (SCC), mild to moderate moral distress and high job satisfaction. There was a positive correlation between SCC and external job satisfaction (r=184, p<0.05) and a negative correlation between SCC and moral distress (r=-0.356, p<0.05). Conclusions: SCC diminishes with decreasing external job satisfaction and increasing moral distress. To improve the SCC of nurses working with patients living with cancer, it is recommended that nursing managers and policymakers revise the organisational policies to tackle the obstacles and consider the related factors to provide an ethical climate, implement quality spiritual care and increase job satisfaction.
When and how to stop palliative antineoplastic treatment and to organise palliative care for patients with incurable cancer
Authors: Raunkiær Mette , Shabnam Jahan , Marsaa Kristoffer , Kurita Geana Paula , Sjøgren Per , Guldin Mai-Britt 
Published: October 2023

Background: Improving the organisational aspects of the delivery of palliative care in order to support patients throughout their disease trajectory has received limited attention. Aim: To investigate the opportunities and barriers related to organising palliation for people with terminal cancer and their families. Methods: An explorative interview study was conducted among 31 nurses and three physicians concerning an intervention facilitating a fast transition from treatment at a cancer centre at a university hospital to palliation at home. A thematic analysis was conducted. Findings: This article presents three out of seven themes: 1) improvement in the cessation of antineoplastic treatment in palliation; 2) improvement in organisations delivering palliation; and 3) improvement in multidisciplinary and cross-sectoral collaboration. Conclusions: The results demonstrate the demand for flexible, family-centred and integrated palliation at all levels, from communication and the collaborative relationship between healthcare professionals and families to service sectors.
Accuracy of machine learning models using ultrasound images in prostate cancer diagnosis: a systematic review
Authors: Sihotang Retta Catherina , Agustino Claudio , Huang Ficky , Parikesit Dyandra , Rahman Fakhri , Hamid Agus Rizal Ardy Hariandy 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND In prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis, many developed machine learning (ML) models using ultrasound images show good accuracy. This study aimed to analyze the accuracy of neural network ML models in PCa diagnosis using ultrasound images.
METHODS The protocol was registered with PROSPERO registration number CRD42021277309. Three reviewers independently conducted a literature search in 5 online databases (PubMed, EBSCO, Proquest, ScienceDirect, and Scopus). We included all cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies in English, that used neural networks ML models for PCa diagnosis in humans. Conference/review articles and studies with combination examination with magnetic resonance imaging or had no diagnostic parameters were excluded.
RESULTS Of 391 titles and abstracts screened, 9 articles relevant to the study were included. Risk of bias analysis was conducted using the QUADAS-2 tool. Of the 9 articles, 5 used artificial neural networks, 1 used deep learning, 1 used recurrent neural networks, and 2 used convolutional neural networks. The included articles showed a varied area under the curve (AUC) of 0.76–0.98. Factors affecting the accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI) were the AI model, mode and type of transrectal sonography, Gleason grading, and prostate-specific antigen level.
CONCLUSIONS The accuracy of neural network ML models in PCa diagnosis using ultrasound images was relatively high, with an AUC value above 0.7. Thus, this modality is promising for PCa diagnosis that can provide instant information for further workup and help doctors decide whether to perform a prostate biopsy.
Dried Blood Spots (DBS): A suitable alternative to using whole blood samples for diagnostic testing of visceral leishmaniasis in the post-elimination era
Authors: Ghosh Prakash , Chowdhury Rajashree , Rahat Md. Abu , Hossain Faria , Arpha Nur E , Kristan Mojca , Higgins Matthew , El Wahed Ahmed Abd , Goto Yasuyuki , Islam M. M. Towhidul , Campino Susana , Cameron Mary , Duthie Malcom S. , Haque Rashidul , Mondal Dinesh 
Published: October 2023

Background
Serum or whole blood collection, processing, transport and storage still present significant challenges in low resource settings where mass surveillance is required to sustain disease elimination. Therefore, in this study, we explored the diagnostic efficacy of dried blood spots (DBS) as a minimally invasive and potentially cost-effective alternative sampling technique to whole blood sampling procedures for subsequent detection of Leishmania donovani antibodies or DNA.

Methodology and principal findings
Archived serum, DNA samples from whole blood of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases and healthy controls, and DBS from corresponding cases and controls, were used. Both molecular and serological assays were optimized to detect L. donovani antibodies or DNA in DBS elute and results were compared against those obtained with whole blood. Serological assays (both rK28 ELISA and rK39 ELISA) of DBS samples showed sensitivity and specificity of 100% and had excellent agreement with results from whole blood samples (kappa value ranged from 0.98–1). Bland-Altman analysis of OD values from rK28-ELISA with DBS elute and patients’ serum showed an excellent agreement (ICC = 0.9) whereas a good agreement (ICC = 0.8) was observed in the case of rK39-ELISA. However, qPCR and RPA of DBS samples had a diminished sensitivity of 76% and 68%, respectively, and poor agreement was observed with the whole blood samples.

Conclusion
Our results demonstrate that DBS offer excellent diagnostic efficiency for serological assays and represent a viable alternative to whole blood sampling procedures.