bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Historical cisco Coregonus artedi population collapses in Green Bay, Lake Michigan, and Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, during the 1950s
Authors: Rook Benjamin J. , Kao Yu‐Chun , Eshenroder Randy L. , Bronte Charles R. , Muir Andrew M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCoregonus populations across their Holarctic range have often undergone unexplained collapses. Here, we document causes of collapse for two of the largest Coregonus populations in the world, cisco (C. artedi) in Green Bay, Lake Michigan, and Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, during the 1950s. We used simulation models, rank‐order correlations, and historical literature to evaluate effects of overfishing, interactions with introduced rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax), and overwinter bottom hypoxia on both cisco populations. Fully selected exploitation rates for cisco were alarmingly high (0.82–0.84), correlations and anecdotal evidence suggested negative interactions with rainbow smelt, and extensive areas of hypoxia coincident with cisco declines suggested incubation of cisco embryos was impaired regionally. Our findings suggested that negative effects of rainbow smelt were mainly responsible for the cisco population collapse in Green Bay and that overfishing and hypoxia had suppressed the Saginaw Bay cisco population before rainbow smelt caused its final collapse.
Vital root resection with radicular retrograde partial pulpotomy in furcation‐involved maxillary molars in patients with periodontitis: Technique description and case series considering clinical and economic aspects
Authors: Ciardo Antonio , Rampf Sarah , Kim Ti‐Sun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimConventional root resection in periodontally compromised furcation‐involved maxillary molars requires preceding endodontic treatment and is therefore associated with loss of tooth vitality, higher invasiveness, treatment time and costs, and the risk of endodontic complications. Vital root resection (VRR) could overcome these disadvantages while establishing stable periodontal and endodontic conditions. This case series aimed to introduce the concept of one‐stage VRR with radicular retrograde partial pulpotomy (VRRretro).SummarySeven vital maxillary molars with residual probing pocket depths (PPD) ≥ 6 mm and furcation ≥ class 2 of five patients with stage III/IV periodontitis were treated with VRRretro using mineral trioxide aggregate. Teeth with residual through‐and‐through furcations were additionally tunnelled. Follow‐up up to 2.5 years postoperatively during supportive periodontal care included full periodontal status, percussion and thermal sensitivity testing. Periapical radiographs were obtained to rule out possible periradicular radiolucencies. All seven treated molars were in‐situ at an average of 26.84 ± 5.37 months postoperatively and were clinically and radiographically inconspicuous independent of tooth position, the resected root, the need for tunnelling and the restorative status. The mean PPD on the seven treated molars was 4.02 ± 0.85 mm (6–10 mm) preoperatively and 2.62 ± 0.42 mm (3–4 mm) at the last follow‐up. Clinical attachment level and bleeding on probing could also be decreased. The teeth showed no mobility over time and furcations class 2 were reduced to class 1 while the tunnelled furcations were accessible with interdental brushes. All molars reacted negatively to percussion and positively to thermal sensitivity testing.Key learning pointsIn carefully selected cases considering patient‐ and tooth‐related factors, VRRretro could be a promising treatment option to establish stable periodontal and endodontic conditions in furcation‐involved maxillary molars while preserving tooth vitality.
Synaptic and resistive switching behaviors of Sm‐doped HfO2 films for bio‐inspired neuromorphic calculations
Authors: Zhu Jian‐Yuan , Liao Jia‐Jia , Feng Jian‐Hao , Jiang Yan‐Ping , Tang Xin‐Gui , Guo Xiao‐Bin , Li Wen‐Hua , Tang Zhen‐Hua , Zhou Yi‐Chun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractArtificial neural network‐based computing is anticipated to surpass the von Neumann bottleneck of traditional computers, thus dramatically boosting computational efficiency and showing a wide range of promising applications. In this paper, sol−gel deposition was used to prepare thin films of samarium‐doped hafnium dioxide (Sm:HfO2). When Sm is doped at a concentration of 4%, it mimics biological synapses; meantime, by voltage scanning, an obvious mimicry of resistive switching can be detected, demonstrating that the technology may be applied to simulate biological synapse characteristics, including long‐term potentiation (depression), short‐term potentiation (depression), paired‐pulse facilitation, and learning rules of spike‐time‐dependent plasticity. Additionally, a pulsed neural network is built on the MNIST dataset to test the memristor's capacity to handle visual input. The findings show the possibility of synthetic synapses in artificial intelligence systems that integrate neuromorphic computing with synaptic brain activity.
On the Inversion‐Free Newton's Method and Its Applications
Authors: Chau Huy N. , Kirkby J. Lars , Nguyen Dang H. , Nguyen Duy , Nguyen Nhu N. , Nguyen Thai 
Published: February 2024

SummaryIn this paper, we survey the recent development of inversion‐free Newton's method, which directly avoids computing the inversion of Hessian, and demonstrate its applications in estimating parameters of models such as linear and logistic regression. A detailed review of existing methodology is provided, along with comparisons of various competing algorithms. We provide numerical examples that highlight some deficiencies of existing approaches, and demonstrate how the inversion‐free methods can improve performance. Motivated by recent works in literature, we provide a unified subsampling framework that can be combined with the inversion‐free Newton's method to estimate model parameters including those of linear and logistic regression. Numerical examples are provided for illustration.
Correlation between patient satisfaction and color changes after tooth bleaching
Authors: Jiang Neng‐wu , Cheng Yi‐ling , Huang Huo‐lian , Zhong Bing‐jie , Bi Wei , Yu Hao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between patient satisfaction of outcomes and tooth color changes during and after tooth bleaching.MethodsIn this clinical trial, 63 volunteers participated in an in‐office bleaching procedure using a 40% hydrogen peroxide gel. The treatment consisted of two sessions, each comprising two 30‐min applications of the bleaching gel. The L*, a*, and b* values of six maxillary anterior teeth were measured at baseline (T1), after the first bleaching session (T2), after the second bleaching session (T3), 1 week after the second in‐office bleaching session (T4), and 3 weeks after the second in‐office bleaching session (T5). The color differences (ΔE00) were calculated using CIEDE2000. A satisfaction scale with a score ranging from 0 to 3 was used to record participants' level of satisfaction with their tooth color at each time point. The data were statistically analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and logistic regression (α = 0.05).ResultsSignificant correlations were observed between ΔL*, Δb*, and ΔE00 values at T3 and patient satisfaction (all p < 0.05). The regression model indicated a more pronounced impact of Δb* on patient satisfaction compared to ΔL*. The established regression models were as follows: Logit (PL*b*) = −4.354 + 0.271ΔL* − 0.585Δb* and Logit (PΔE00) = −2.552 + 0.521ΔE00. The findings suggested a minimum ΔE00 value of 4.90 for satisfactory results. A minimum ΔE00 value of 3.9, 5.0, and 6.8 was necessary for central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines, respectively, to achieve a satisfactory result.ConclusionsThe ΔL*, Δb*, and ΔE00 values were found to be significantly correlated with patient satisfaction after bleaching. Δb* was identified as having a greater influence on patient satisfaction than ΔL* values in the regression model. Furthermore, attaining a minimum ΔE00 value of 4.90 is necessary to achieve satisfactory outcomes. A greater ΔE00 value is needed for canines than for incisors to achieve equivalent patient satisfaction.Clinical SignificanceThis study emphasizes the importance of considering the extent of color change needed to achieve patient satisfaction after tooth bleaching procedures.
Postnatal changes in thyroid cartilage shape and cartilage matrix composition are not synchronized in Mus musculus
Authors: Coyne Megan , Dellafaille Jolien , Riede Tobias 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe study was conducted to quantify laryngeal cartilage matrix composition and to investigate its relationship with cartilage shape in a mouse model. A sample of 30 mice (CD‐1 mouse, Mus musculus) from five age groups (postnatal Days 2, 21, 90, 365, and 720) were used. Three‐dimensional mouse laryngeal thyroid cartilage reconstructions were generated from contrast‐enhanced micro‐computed tomography (CT) image stacks. Cartilage matrix composition was estimated as Hounsfield units (HU). HU were determined by overlaying 3D reconstructions as masks on micro‐CT image stacks and then measuring the attenuation. Cartilage shape was quantified with landmarks placed on the surface of the thyroid cartilage. Shape differences between the five age groups were analyzed using geometric morphometrics and multiparametric analysis of landmarks. The relationship between HU and shape was investigated with correlational analyses. Among five age groups, HU became higher in older animals. The shape of the thyroid cartilage changes with age throughout the entire life of a mouse. The changes in shape were not synchronized with changes in cartilage matrix composition. The thyroid cartilage of young and old M. musculus larynx showed a homogenous mineralization pattern. High‐resolution contrast‐enhanced micro‐CT imaging makes the mouse larynx accessible for analysis of genetic and environmental factors affecting shape and matrix composition.
Symptoms and need for individualised support during the first year after primary treatment for breast cancer—A qualitative study
Authors: Rooth Kristina , Sundberg Kay , Gustavell Tina , Langius‐Eklöf Ann , Gellerstedt Linda 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe survival rate among patients with breast cancer is high. It is well described that after primary treatment patients may experience symptoms and concerns but the needs and resources during the first year to manage everyday life are not well described.AimTo describe experiences of symptom distress, needs and support during the first year after primary treatment for breast cancer from the perspectives of patients and healthcare professionals.DesignQualitative descriptive.MethodsData collection through individual interviews with patients (n = 17) and a focus group interview with healthcare professionals (n = 7). Data was analysed using thematic analysis and resulted in three themes.ResultsThe first theme, ‘Struggling with symptoms and changes in everyday life’ shows how symptoms and concerns interfered with the everyday life of patients and in some situations even impeded them. Patients try to adapt to their new situation by creating new routines and managing symptoms through self‐care. The second theme, ‘Adaption in a period of uncertainty’ describes thoughts about cancer recurrence and doubts about continuing with the endocrine therapy if symptoms prolong. In the third theme, ‘Support and need for individualized follow‐up care’ healthcare professionals described that they provide support by being available and by giving both verbal and written information. Patients expressed that the information could be too general and voiced a need for more individually tailored support.ConclusionDuring the first year after primary treatment, patients with breast cancer describe how they try to manage by themselves, but express both unmet needs and a wish for extended and more individually tailored support. The healthcare professionals recognised that patients lack a structured plan for the first year and the need for continued support. This stresses a need for development of care models with special consideration towards individualised support after breast cancer treatment.No Patient or Public ContributionThere was no patient or public involvement in the design or conduct of the study. The interview study was not considered to benefit from involving patients or healthcare professionals when designing the interview guides as they were developed through literature and previous research of patients treated for breast cancer.
Immediate dentoalveolar restoration (IDR) of central maxillary incisor using sinus lateral wall block graft to regenerate loss of facial and palatal bone: Literature review and 1 year follow‐up
Authors: Zaninovich Michael , da Rosa José Carlos Martins , Drago Carl 
Published: February 2024

AbstractReplacement of missing or hopeless teeth in the esthetic zone is one of dentistry's most critical challenges. In the past, multiple surgical procedures have been needed to reconstruct compromised extraction sites. The surgeries have been associated with long healing times and increased morbidity, all the while patients are using either fixed or removable interim restorations. The procedures identified in this paper minimize surgical operating times, healing times, and delays in obtaining definitive restorations by combining multiple surgical procedures in one visit. The procedures are technique sensitive. This particular patient has been followed for 1 year post‐operatively with clinical photographs and CBCT scans. Excellent clinical results were obtained. Benefits and limitations of the procedures have also been identified.
Influence of exposure protocol, voxel size, and artifact removal algorithm on the trueness of segmentation utilizing an artificial‐intelligence‐based system
Authors: Alrashed Safa , Dutra Vinicius , Chu Tien‐Min G. , Yang Chao‐Chieh , Lin Wei‐Shao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the effects of exposure protocol, voxel sizes, and artifact removal algorithms on the trueness of segmentation in various mandible regions using an artificial intelligence (AI)‐based system.Materials and methodsEleven dry human mandibles were scanned using a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanner under differing exposure protocols (standard and ultra‐low), voxel sizes (0.15 mm, 0.3 mm, and 0.45 mm), and with or without artifact removal algorithm. The resulting datasets were segmented using an AI‐based system, exported as 3D models, and compared to reference files derived from a white‐light laboratory scanner. Deviation measurement was performed using a computer‐aided design (CAD) program and recorded as root mean square (RMS). The RMS values were used as a representation of the trueness of the AI‐segmented 3D models. A 4‐way ANOVA was used to assess the impact of voxel size, exposure protocol, artifact removal algorithm, and location on RMS values (α = 0.05).ResultsSignificant effects were found with voxel size (p < 0.001) and location (p < 0.001), but not with exposure protocol (p = 0.259) or artifact removal algorithm (p = 0.752). Standard exposure groups had significantly lower RMS values than the ultra‐low exposure groups in the mandible body with 0.3 mm (p = 0.014) or 0.45 mm (p < 0.001) voxel sizes, the symphysis with a 0.45 mm voxel size (p = 0.011), and the whole mandible with a 0.45 mm voxel size (p = 0.001). Exposure protocol did not affect RMS values at teeth and alveolar bone (p = 0.544), mandible angles (p = 0.380), condyles (p = 0.114), and coronoids (p = 0.806) locations.ConclusionThis study informs optimal exposure protocol and voxel size choices in CBCT imaging for true AI‐based automatic segmentation with minimal radiation. The artifact removal algorithm did not influence the trueness of AI segmentation. When using an ultra‐low exposure protocol to minimize patient radiation exposure in AI segmentations, a voxel size of 0.15 mm is recommended, while a voxel size of 0.45 mm should be avoided.
Can't read my broker face?—Tracing a motif and metaphor of expert knowledge through audiovisual images of the financial crisis
Authors: Scherer Thomas , Stratil Jasper 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBased on the question of the representability of economy and economics in audiovisual media, developments on the financial markets have often been discussed as a depiction problem. The abstractness and complexity of economic interrelations seem to defy classical modes of storytelling and dramatization. Nevertheless, public opinion about economic changes and dependencies crucially relies on audiovisual media. But how can the public communicate in images, sounds, and words about forces that are out of sight and out of reach, and can supposedly only be adequately grasped by experts? In a case study on audiovisual images of the global financial crisis (2007–), this paper tracks and analyzes a recurring motif: the staging of expert knowledge as close‐ups of expressive faces vis‐à‐vis computer screens in television news, documentaries, as well as feature films. It draws on the use of digital tools for corpus exploration (reverse image search) and the visualization of video annotations. By relating and comparing different staging strategies by which these “broker faces” become embodiments of turbulent market dynamics, the paper proposes to not regard them as repeated instantiations of the same metaphor, but as a developing web of cinematic metaphors. Different perspectives (news of market developments or historical accounts of crisis developments) and affective stances toward the global financial crisis are expressed in these variations of the face‐screen constellation. The paper thus presents a selection of different appearances of “broker faces” as a medium for an audiovisual discourse of the global financial crisis. A concluding analysis of a scene from Margin Call focuses on its specific intertwining of expert and screen as an ambivalent movement figuration of staging insight. Between the feeling of discovery (of a potential future threat) and the sense of being haunted (by a menacing force), the film stages the emergence of a “broker face” in an atmospheric tension between suspense and melancholy. We argue that the film thereby reframes the motif and poses questions of agency, temporality, and expert knowledge.
Perceptions of nurses on the scope of culturally competent care in critical care: A qualitative study
Authors: Červený Martin , Balounová Lucie , Kratochvílová Inka , Doležalová Jitka , Tóthová Valérie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe cultural competence of nurses is crucial in providing nursing care for patients from different cultures. The absence of cultural competence can negatively impact the entire course of care; however, implementing cultural competence in critical care unit can be complicated.AimThis study aimed to determine nurses' perceptions regarding cultural competence in critical care units.Study DesignThis study used a qualitative design with semi‐structured interviews with nurses (n = 10) working in critical unites. Data were collected from February to June 2022 and then categorized and evaluated. Atlas.ti was used for the inductive thematic content analysis.ResultsThree key areas identified were as follows: (1) nurses and culturally competent care in critical care, (2) cultural challenges in practice and (3) suggestions for improving culturally competent care. The participants expressed that culturally competent care in critical care units has specific limitations because of the nature of the intensive care units (ICUs). Additional learning included opportunities to improve culturally competent care, such as raising cultural awareness, developing language skills and promoting culturally competent care.ConclusionsProviding culturally competent care in critical care units is an understudied area. Identifying barriers and cultural challenges is one strategy nurses can use to improve culturally competent ICU care.Relevance to Clinical PracticeCreating cultural awareness by training nurses in their own culture, in cultural diversity, and in overcoming prejudices and stereotypes is an essential step towards increasing cultural competence. Understanding nurses' perceptions on this topic can provide valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities for providing culturally sensitive care in a critical care setting.
Associating UAS images through a graph‐based guiding strategy for boosting structure from motion
Authors: Cheng Min‐Lung , Fujita Yuji , Kuramoto Yasutaka , Miura Hiroyuki , Matsuoka Masashi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractStructure from motion (SfM) using optical images has been an important prerequisite for reconstructing three‐dimensional (3D) landforms. Although various algorithms have been developed in the past, they suffer from many image pairs for feature matching and recursive searching for the most suitable image to add to SfM reconstruction. Thus, carrying out SfM is computationally costly. This research proposes a boosting SfM (B‐SfM) pipeline containing two phases, indexing graph network (IGN) and graph tracking, to accelerate SfM reconstruction. The IGN intends to form image pairs presenting desirable spatial correlation to reduce the time costs spent for feature matching. Building on the IGN, graph tracking integrates ant colony optimisation and greedy sorting algorithms to encode an optimum image sequence to boost SfM reconstruction. Compared to the results derived from other available means, the experimental results show that the proposed approach can accelerate the two phases, feature matching and 3D reconstruction, by up to 14 times faster. The quality of the camera poses recovered is retained or even slightly improved. As a result, the developed B‐SfM can efficiently achieve SfM reconstruction by suppressing the time cost in the fashion of image pair selection for feature matching and image order determination for more efficient SfM reconstruction.
Human factors considerations in distance simulation: A nominal group technique application
Authors: Bajwa Maria , Herx‐Weaver Anne , Baily Shannon , Ray Jessica , Park Yoon Soo , Palaganas Janice , Ahmed Rami 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe pandemic‐driven surge in global distance simulation (DS) adoption highlighted the need for effective educator training. A literature search identified the gap regarding human factors (HF) considerations for the professional development of DS practitioners. This study addresses this gap by applying HF principles to guide educators in developing and delivering evidence‐based DS.MethodsThis was a consensus‐gathering, three‐phase study using the nominal group technique (NGT) in the first phase, qualitative thematic analysis with member checking in the second phase and external expert opinion in the third. A dichotomised approach was used to divide the post‐consensus discussion survey results into an agreement and non‐agreement for quantitative analysis.ResultsThe results of the quantitative analysis identified the following needs: developing a conceptual framework for DS, tailoring the technical aspect to the educational objectives, investigating learner engagement, training faculty at an earlier stage and identifying at‐risk students. Qualitative results identified primary themes of technology, people and outcome measurements. Key aspects of technology were identified as system‐ and programme‐fit and resource considerations. Outcome measurement highlights the need for increased measurement and research at all levels of DS.DiscussionSpecific HF focal points include human–technology interaction and learning outcome assessment within the DS context. Incorporating HF principles throughout the DS process, from inception to outcome evaluation, promises substantial benefits for both learners and educators. This approach empowers both learners and educators, fostering a dynamic and enriched educational environment and improved learning experiences.