bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enabling Internal Electric Field in Heterogeneous Nanosheets to Significantly Accelerate Alkaline Hydrogen Electrocatalysis
Authors: Chen Lei , Wang Hao−Yu , Tian Wen−Wen , Wang Lei , Sun Ming−Lei , Ren Jin−Tao , Yuan Zhong−Yong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEfficient bifunctional hydrogen electrocatalysis, encompassing both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR), is of paramount significance in advancing hydrogen‐based societies. While non‐precious‐metal‐based catalysts, particularly those based on nickel (Ni), are essential for alkaline HER/HOR, their intrinsic catalytic activity often falls short of expectations. Herein, an internal electric field (IEF) strategy is introduced for the engineering of heterogeneous nickel‐vanadium oxide nanosheet arrays grown on porous nickel foam (Ni‐V2O3/PNF) as bifunctional electrocatalysts for hydrogen electrocatalysis. Strikingly, the Ni‐V2O3/PNF delivers 10 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of 54 mV for HER and a mass‐specific kinetic current of 19.3 A g−1 at an overpotential of 50 mV for HOR, placing it on par with the benchmark 20% Pt/C, while exhibiting enhanced stability in alkaline electrolytes. Density functional theory calculations, in conjunction with experimental characterizations, unveil that the interface IEF effect fosters asymmetrical charge distributions, which results in more thermoneutral hydrogen adsorption Gibbs free energy on the electron‐deficient Ni side, thus elevating the overall efficiency of both HER and HOR. The discoveries reported herein guidance are provided for further understanding and designing efficient non‐precious‐metal‐based electrocatalysts through the IEF strategy.
Precursor Induced Assembly of Si Nanoparticles Encapsulated in Graphene/Carbon Matrices and the Influence of Al2O3 Coating on their Properties as Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Haowei , Wang Zongyu , Dang Liyan , Yu Kailun , Yang Rui , Fu Aiping , Liu Xuehua , Guo Yu‐Guo , Li Hongliang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe theoretical capacity of pristine silicon as anodes for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) can reach up to 4200 mAh g−1, however, the low electrical conductivity and the huge volume expansion limit their practical application. To address this challenge, a precursor strategy has been explored to induce the curling of graphene oxide (GO) flakes and the enclosing of Si nanoparticles by selecting protonated chitosan as both assembly inducer and carbon precursor. The Si nanoparticles are dispersed first in a slurry of GO by ball milling, then the resulting dispersion is dried by a spray drying process to achieve instantaneous solution evaporation and compact encapsulation of silicon particles with GO. An Al2O3 layer is constructed on the surface of Si@rGO@C‐SD composites by the atomic layer deposition method to modify the solid electrolyte interface. This strategy enhances obviously the electrochemical performance of the Si as anode for LIBs, including excellent long‐cycle stability of 930 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 1000 mA g−1, satisfied initial Coulomb efficiency of 76.7%, and high rate ability of 806 mAh g−1 at 5000 mA g−1. This work shows a potential solution to the shortcomings of Si‐based anodes and provides meaningful insights for constructing high‐energy anodes for LIBs.
Metal‐Phenolic Network Directed Coating of Single Probiotic Cell Followed by Photoinitiated Thiol‐Ene Click Fortification to Enhance Oral Therapy
Authors: Fang Taisong , Liu Songbai 
Published: December 2023

AbstractProbiotics‐based oral therapy has become a promising way to prevent and treat various diseases, while the application of probiotics is primarily restricted by loss of viability due to adverse conditions in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract during oral delivery. Layer‐by‐layer (LbL) single‐cell encapsulation approaches are widely employed to improve the bioavailability of probiotics. However, they are generally time‐ and labor‐intensive owing to multistep operation. Herein, a simple yet efficient LbL technique is developed to coat a model probiotic named Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) through polyphenol‐Ca2+ network directed allyl‐modified gelatin (GelAGE) adsorption followed by cross‐linking of GelAGE via photoinitiated thiol‐ene click reaction to protect EcN from harsh microenvironments of GI tract. LbL single‐cell encapsulation can be performed within 1 h through simple operation. It is revealed that coated EcN exhibits significantly improved viability against acidic gastric fluid and bile salts, and enhanced colonization in the intestinal tract without loss of proliferation capabilities. Furthermore, oral therapy of coated EcN remarkably relieves the pathological symptoms associated with colitis in mice including down‐regulating inflammation, repairing epithelial barriers, scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), and restoring the homeostasis of gut microbiota. This simplified LbL coating strategy has great potential for various probiotics‐mediated biomedical and nutraceutical applications.
Automating CAR‐T Transfection with Micro and Nano‐Technologies
Authors: Hu Tianmu , Kumar Arun RK , Luo Yikai , Tay Andy 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCancer poses a significant health challenge, with traditional treatments like surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy often lacking in cell specificity and long‐term curative potential. Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR‐T) therapy,utilizing genetically engineered T cells to target cancer cells, is a promising alternative. However, its high cost limits widespread application. CAR‐T manufacturing process encompasses three stages: cell isolation and activation, transfection, and expansion.While the first and last stages have straightforward, commercially available automation technologies, the transfection stage lags behind. Current automated transfection relies on viral vectors or bulk electroporation, which have drawbacks such as limited cargo capacity and significant cell disturbance. Conversely, micro and nano‐tool methods offer higher throughput and cargo flexibility, yet their automation remains underexplored.In this perspective, the progress in micro and nano‐engineering tools for CAR‐T transfection followed by a discussion to automate them is described. It is anticipated that this work can inspire the community working on micro and nano transfection techniques to examine how their protocols can be automated to align with the growing interest in automating CAR‐T manufacturing.
Consequences of a stabilizing field’s self-interactions for RS cosmology
Authors: Mishra Rashmish K. , Randall Lisa 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
It has been argued that the Randall-Sundrum (RS) phase transition rate is suppressed when the holographic theory corresponds to a large N Yang-Mills and when the stabilizing field has a small mass. Here we argue that self-interactions can alleviate the latter suppression. We consider a cubic term in the bulk potential for the Goldberger-Wise (GW) scalar that is responsible for stabilizing the RS geometry. Adding a cubic term suffices to separate the two roles of the GW stabilization: generating a large hierarchy and triggering confinement. We study the resulting radion potential and the dynamics of the early universe phase transition. For a negative coefficient of the cubic term, the effect of the cubic becomes important in the infra-red, and the resulting radion potential is deeper, thereby increasing the radion mass while maintaining a large hierarchy. Staying within the radion effective field theory, we calculate the rate of bubble nucleation from the hot phase to the confined RS phase, both in thin and thick wall limits. The cubic term enhances the rate and allows relaxing the condition on the maximum number of colors Nmax of the dual theory for which the phase transition can be completed. Importantly, this reduces the amount of supercooling that the false vacuum undergoes, increases the peak frequency of the gravitational waves (GW) produced from bubble collisions, and reduces the strength of the GW signal. The reduced GW signal is however still within the reach of proposed space-based GW detectors.
Enhancement of silicon sub-bandgap photodetection by helium-ion implantation
Authors: Wang Zhao , Wen Xiaolei , Zou Kai , Meng Yun , Zeng Jinwei , Wang Jian , Hu Huan , Hu Xiaolong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSilicon sub-bandgap photodetectors can detect light at the infrared telecommunication wavelengths but with relatively weak photo-response. In this work, we demonstrate the enhancement of sub-bandgap photodetection in silicon by helium-ion implantation, without affecting the transparency that is an important beneficial feature of this type of photodetectors. With an implantation dose of 1 × 1013 ions/cm2, the minimal detectable optical power can be improved from − 33.2 to − 63.1 dBm, or, by 29.9 dB, at the wavelength of 1550 nm, and the photo-response at the same optical power (− 10 dBm) can be enhanced by approximately 18.8 dB. Our work provides a method for strategically modifying the intrinsic trade-off between transparency and strong photo-responses of this type of photodetectors.
Graphical Abstract
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Professional Attitudes of Medical Students: A Pre-Post-Like Study
Authors: Ma Shuli , Ge Jie , Qi Yanbo , Du Linlin , Han Yunfeng , Xie Zhiping , Li Xingsan , Li Hongjie , Chen Zhe , Chen Xiaoting , Tang Xiaowei , Li Jiyuan , Li Jiping , Xiao Qiong , Wu Yu , Gao Ying , Li Wenting , Liu Lei , Jia Yuehui 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective:
This study assesses the difference in professional attitudes among medical students, both before and after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and identifies the determinants closely associated with it, while providing precise and scientific evidence for implementing precision education on such professional attitudes.

Methods:
A pre-post-like study was conducted among medical students in 31 provinces in mainland China, from March 23, to April 19, 2021.

Results:
The proportion of medical students whose professional attitudes were disturbed after the COVID-19 pandemic, was significantly lower than before the COVID-19 pandemic (χ2 = 15.6216; P < 0.0001). Compared with the “undisturbed -undisturbed” group, the “undisturbed-disturbed” group showed that there was a 1.664-fold risk of professional attitudes disturbed as grade increased, 3.269-fold risk when others suggested they choose a medical career rather than their own desire, and 7.557-fold risk for students with COVID-19 in their family, relatives, or friends; while the “disturbed-undisturbed” group showed that students with internship experience for professional attitudes strengthened was 2.933-fold than those without internship experience.

Conclusions:
The professional attitudes of medical students have been strengthened during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results provide evidence of the importance of education on professional attitudes among medical students during public health emergencies.
An analytical model of momentum availability for predicting large wind farm power
Authors: Kirby Andrew , Dunstan Thomas D. , Nishino Takafumi 
Published: December 2023

Turbine–wake and farm–atmosphere interactions influence wind farm power production. For large offshore farms, the farm–atmosphere interaction is usually the more significant effect. This study proposes an analytical model of the ‘momentum availability factor’ to predict the impact of farm–atmosphere interactions. It models the effects of net advection, pressure gradient forcing and turbulent entrainment, using steady quasi-one-dimensional flow assumptions. Turbulent entrainment is modelled by assuming self-similar vertical shear stress profiles. We used the model with the ‘two-scale momentum theory’ to predict the power of large finite-sized farms. The model compared well with existing results of large-eddy simulations of finite wind farms in conventionally neutral boundary layers. The model captured most of the effects of atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) height on farm performance by considering the undisturbed vertical shear stress profile of the ABL as an input. In particular, the model predicted the power of staggered wind farms with a typical error of 5 % or less. The developed model provides a novel way of predicting instantly the power of large wind farms, including the farm blockage effects. A further simplification of the model to predict analytically the ‘wind extractability factor’ is also presented. This study provides a novel framework for modelling farm–atmosphere interactions. Future studies can use the framework to better model large wind farms.
Spinoza's Early Modern Eudaimonism: Corporeal and Intellectual Flourishing
Authors: Smith Brandon 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This article explores Spinoza's distinctive contribution to the eudaimonistic tradition, which considers happiness (eudaimonia) to be the highest good. Most (if not all) ancient eudaimonists endorse some sort of hierarchy between mind and body, where one is always dependent on, or subordinate to, the other. In particular, many of them endorse ethical intellectualism, where mental things are considered more valuable than bodily ones. I argue that Spinoza, in contrast, considers mind and body ontologically and ethically identical and equal, thereby bringing something new to this ethical tradition.
Deep neural networks are not a single hypothesis but a language for expressing computational hypotheses
Authors: Golan Tal , Taylor JohnMark , Schütt Heiko , Peters Benjamin , Sommers Rowan P. , Seeliger Katja , Doerig Adrien , Linton Paul , Konkle Talia , van Gerven Marcel , Kording Konrad , Richards Blake , Kietzmann Tim C. , Lindsay Grace W. , Kriegeskorte Nikolaus 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
An ideal vision model accounts for behavior and neurophysiology in both naturalistic conditions and designed lab experiments. Unlike psychological theories, artificial neural networks (ANNs) actually perform visual tasks and generate testable predictions for arbitrary inputs. These advantages enable ANNs to engage the entire spectrum of the evidence. Failures of particular models drive progress in a vibrant ANN research program of human vision.
A deep new look at color
Authors: de Vries Jelmer Philip , Flachot Alban , Morimoto Takuma , Gegenfurtner Karl R. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Bowers et al. counter deep neural networks (DNNs) as good models of human visual perception. From our color perspective we feel their view is based on three misconceptions: A misrepresentation of the state-of-the-art of color perception; the type of model required to move the field forward; and the attribution of shortcomings to DNN research that are already being resolved.
Explananda and explanantia in deep neural network models of neurological network functions
Authors: Moldoveanu Mihnea 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Depending on what we mean by “explanation,” challenges to the explanatory depth and reach of deep neural network models of visual and other forms of intelligent behavior may need revisions to both the elementary building blocks of neural nets (the explananda) and to the ways in which experimental environments and training protocols are engineered (the explanantia). The two paths assume and imply sharply different conceptions of how an explanation explains and of the explanatory function of models.
Why psychologists should embrace rather than abandon DNNs
Authors: Yovel Galit , Abudarham Naphtali 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Deep neural networks (DNNs) are powerful computational models, which generate complex, high-level representations that were missing in previous models of human cognition. By studying these high-level representations, psychologists can now gain new insights into the nature and origin of human high-level vision, which was not possible with traditional handcrafted models. Abandoning DNNs would be a huge oversight for psychological sciences.
Thinking beyond the ventral stream: Comment on Bowers et al.
Authors: Summerfield Christopher , Thompson Jessica A. F. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Bowers et al. rightly emphasise that deep learning models often fail to capture constraints on visual perception that have been discovered by previous research. However, the solution is not to discard deep learning altogether, but to design stimuli and tasks that more closely reflect the problems that biological vision evolved to solve, such as understanding scenes and preparing skilled action.
You can't play 20 questions with nature and win redux
Authors: Love Bradley C. , Mok Robert M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
An incomplete science begets imperfect models. Nevertheless, the target article advocates for jettisoning deep-learning models with some competency in object recognition for toy models evaluated against a checklist of laboratory findings; an approach which evokes Alan Newell's 20 questions critique. We believe their approach risks incoherency and neglects the most basic test; can the model perform its intended task.
Implications of capacity-limited, generative models for human vision
Authors: German Joseph Scott , Jacobs Robert A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Although discriminative deep neural networks are currently dominant in cognitive modeling, we suggest that capacity-limited, generative models are a promising avenue for future work. Generative models tend to learn both local and global features of stimuli and, when properly constrained, can learn componential representations and response biases found in people's behaviors.
Statistical prediction alone cannot identify good models of behavior
Authors: Srivastava Nisheeth , Sifar Anjali , Srinivasan Narayanan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The dissociation between statistical prediction and scientific explanation advanced by Bowers et al. for studies of vision using deep neural networks is also observed in several other domains of behavior research, and is in fact unavoidable when fitting large models such as deep nets and other supervised learners, with weak theoretical commitments, to restricted samples of highly stochastic behavioral phenomena.
The role of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in bilingual language switching and non-linguistic task-switching: Evidence from multi-voxel pattern analysis
Authors: Vaughn Kelly A. , Tamber-Rosenau Benjamin J. , Hernandez Arturo E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPrevious research suggests that bilingual language control requires domain-general cognitive control. Recent research suggests that exploration of individual differences is key for understanding the relationship between bilingual language control and cognitive control. The current study used multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA) to examine within-subject patterns of fMRI activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during bilingual language switching and non-linguistic task-switching. We hypothesized that bilinguals would have identifiable, within-subject patterns of DLPFC activity for both types of switching and that bilinguals and monolinguals would differ in patterns of DLPFC activity for task-switching. We were unable to identify patterns of DLPFC activity associated with bilingual language switching. Task-switching was related to patterns of left DLPFC activity for both bilinguals and monolinguals, and there were identifiable patterns of right DLPFC activity for the bilinguals only. These findings suggest that the DLPFC is not the key brain structure connecting bilingual language and task-switching.
Social groups and polarization of aesthetic values from symmetry and complexity
Authors: Mather Kathleen B. , Aleem Hassan , Rhee Yewon , Grzywacz Norberto M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWhen deciding what images we prefer, our brain must weigh many aesthetic variables, such as symmetry and complexity. To date, aesthetic research has mainly focused on investigating one variable at a time. In this article, we use symmetry and complexity to study the problem of multi aesthetic-variable interactions. For symmetry and complexity, there are two simple interaction hypotheses. The independence hypothesis proposes that the evaluation of aesthetic variables is mutually independent. Meanwhile, Birkhoff’s aesthetic-measure hypothesis predicts that people prefer images high in symmetry and low in complexity, and dislike the opposite. To test these hypotheses, we generated images that systematically varied in levels of symmetry and complexity. We then compared the subjects’ preference maps to identify regions of likes and dislikes. Unlike the predictions from these hypotheses, we found that most, but not all subjects, formed two distinct natural clusters, termed “islands,” in terms of likes and dislikes. We also found that people with more art exposure were less likely to belong to an island. If someone did belong to an island, their gender influenced which cluster they belonged to. We discuss alternate hypotheses, possible mechanisms for the occurrence of islands, and their possible social implications.
Nonequilibrium phase transition of a one dimensional system reaches the absorbing state by two different ways
Authors: Saif M. Ali 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe study the nonequilibrium phase transitions from the absorbing phase to the active phase for the model of diseases spreading (Susceptible-Infected-Refractory-Susceptible (SIRS)) on a regular one-dimensional lattice. In this model, particles of three species (S, I, and R) on a lattice react as follows: $$S+I\rightarrow 2I$$

S
+
I
→
2
I

with probability $$\lambda $$
λ
, $$I\rightarrow R$$

I
→
R

after infection time $$\tau _I$$

τ
I

and $$R\rightarrow I$$

R
→
I

after recovery time $$\tau _R$$

τ
R

. In the case of $$\tau _R>\tau _I$$

τ
R

>

τ
I

, this model has been found to have two critical thresholds separating the active phase from absorbing phases. The first critical threshold $$\lambda _{c1}$$

λ

c
1

corresponds to a low infection probability and the second critical threshold $$\lambda _{c2}$$

λ

c
2

corresponds to a high infection probability. At the first critical threshold $$\lambda _{c1}$$

λ

c
1

, our Monte Carlo simulations of this model suggest the phase transition to be of directed percolation class (DP). However, at the second critical threshold $$\lambda _{c2}$$

λ

c
2

we observe that the system becomes so sensitive to initial values conditions which suggest the phase transition to be a discontinuous transition. We confirm this result using order parameter quasistationary probability distribution and finite-size analysis for this model at $$\lambda _{c2}$$

λ

c
2

.