bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Very low incidence of microsatellite instability in intraductal papillary‐mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas
Authors: Nakata Bunzo , Yashiro Masakazu , Nishioka Nobuaki , Aya Makoto , Yamada Shinobu , Takenaka Chiemi , Ohira Masaichi , Ishikawa Tetsuro , Nishino Hiroji , Wakasa Kenichi , Seki Shuichi , Hirakawa Kosei 
Published: November 2002

AbstractIntraductal papillary‐mucinous carcinoma (IPMC) of the pancreas, a new entity of pancreatic cancer with a favorable prognosis, has shown a gradual increase in the number of reported cases. Patients with high‐frequency microsatellite instability (MSI‐H) tumors have been shown to survive longer than those with low‐frequency MSI (MSI‐L) or microsatellite stable (MSS) tumors in colorectal and gastric cancer. We investigated whether MSI‐H in patients with IPMC can contribute to a good prognosis. The formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tumors and surrounding normal pancreatic tissues from 10 patients with IPMCs and 16 with intraductal papillary‐mucinous adenomas (IPMAs) were provided for DNA extraction after microdissection. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out using 8 microsatellite primer marker sets. The mixed PCR samples were analyzed using a genetic analyzer. MSI‐H was determined by assessment of microsatellite variations in 3 or more of the 8 tested markers. Immunohistochemical staining of the MSI‐responsible proteins hMLH1 and hMSH2 was conducted for both the IPMC and IPMA samples. Ten percent of IPMC harbored MSI‐H tumors, whereas no MSI‐H tumors were detected in the IPMAs. Thirty percent of IPMC tumors and 25% of IPMA tumors showed MSI‐L. All IPMCs and IPMAs showed normal expression of both hMLH1 and hMSH2. MSI‐H and loss of hMLH1 and hMSH2 are very rare events in both IPMCs and IPMAs. We conclude that a good prognosis for patients with IPMC is not associated with MSI‐H. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Promoter hypermethylation of tumor‐related genes in gastric intestinal metaplasia of patients with and without gastric cancer
Authors: To Ka‐Fai , Leung Wai K. , Lee Tin‐Lap , Yu Jun , Tong Joanna H.M. , Chan Michael W.Y. , Ng Enders K.W. , Chung S.C. Sydney , Sung Joseph J.Y. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractPromoter hypermethylation is an alternative mechanism of gene silencing in human cancers including gastric cancer. While intestinal metaplasia (IM) is generally regarded as a precancerous lesion of the stomach, our study examines the presence of gene promoter hypermethylation in IM of patients with and without gastric cancer. We examined 31 samples of gastric cancer, 36 gastric IM (21 associated with gastric cancer and 15 from noncancer patients) and 10 normal gastric biopsies. Tissues containing foci of IM were carefully microdissected from paraffin‐embedded section. Bisulfite‐modifiedDNA was examined for gene promoter hypermethylation in DAP‐kinase, E‐cadherin, GSTP1, p14, p15, p16, RASSF1A and hMLH1 by methylation‐specific‐PCR. None of the control gastric tissues had hypermethylation detected, but gene promoter hypermethylation was frequently detected in gastric cancer and IM. The mean number of methylated genes in cancer and IM was 3.0 and 1.4, respectively (p < 0.0001). Methylation in IM from cancer patients was all associated with concurrent methylation in the corresponding tumor samples. The numbers of methylated genes were similar in IM obtained from cancer and noncancer patients. By examining the methylation patterns of these genes, 3 differential methylation patterns were recognized: hypermethylation was more frequent in cancer than in IM (DAP‐kinase, p14, p15 and p16); comparable frequencies of methylation in cancer and IM (E‐cadherin and hMLH1); and no methylation (GSTP1). Aberrant methylation in tumor‐related genes is frequently detected in gastric IM of both cancer and noncancer patients, suggesting their early involvement in the multistep progression of gastric carcinogenesis. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antitumor vaccination with HER‐2‐derived recombinant antigens
Authors: Vidovic Damir , Graddis Thomas , Chen Feng , Slagle Paul , Diegel Michael , Stepan Lara , Laus Reiner 
Published: November 2002

AbstractCertain types of malignant tumors overexpress HER‐2, a transmembrane glycoprotein of the class I receptor tyrosine kinase erbB family. To develop an effective HER‐2 vaccine for the selective immunotherapy of these malignancies, we have genetically engineered fusion proteins containing portions of extra‐ and intracellular HER‐2 domains. Activated dendritic cells (DC) cocultured with these novel antigens (Ag) could induce potent responses of Ag‐specific T‐cell lines in vitro and a protection against HER‐2‐expressing tumor in vivo. The protective capabilities of HER‐2‐derived fusion proteins correlated with the efficiency of their presentation to Ag‐specific T‐cell hybridomas. The most effective Ag contained GM‐CSF, the presence of which facilitated their internalization by antigen‐presenting cells (APC) in a receptor‐mediated manner. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cancer and other causes of mortality among radiologic technologists in the United States
Authors: Mohan Aparna K. , Hauptmann Michael , Freedman D. Michal , Ron Elaine , Matanoski Genevieve M. , Lubin Jay H. , Alexander Bruce H. , Boice John D. , Morin Doody Michele , Linet Martha S. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractData are limited on the role of chronic exposure to low‐dose ionizing radiation in the etiology of cancer. In a nationwide cohort of 146,022 U.S. radiologic technologists (73% female), we evaluated mortality risks in relation to work characteristics. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were computed to compare mortality in the total cohort vs. the general population of the United States. Mortality risks were low for all causes (SMR = 0.76) and for all cancers (SMR = 0.82) among the radiologic technologists. We also calculated relative risks (RR) for the 90,305 technologists who responded to a baseline mailed questionnaire, using Poisson regression models, adjusted for known risk factors. Risks were higher for all cancers (RR = 1.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.93–1.69) and breast cancer (RR = 2.92, 95% CI = 1.22–7.00) among radiologic technologists first employed prior to 1940 compared to those first employed in 1960 or later, and risks declined with more recent calendar year of first employment (p‐trend = 0.04 and 0.002, respectively), irrespective of employment duration. Risk for the combined category of acute lymphocytic, acute myeloid and chronic myeloid leukemias was increased among those first employed prior to 1950 (RR = 1.64, 95% CI = 0.42–6.31) compared to those first employed in 1950 or later. Risks rose for breast cancer (p‐trend = 0.018) and for acute lymphocytic, acute myeloid and chronic myeloid leukemias (p‐trend = 0.05) with increasing duration of employment as a radiologic technologist prior to 1950. The elevated mortality risks for breast cancer and for the combined group of acute lymphocytic, acute myeloid and chronic myeloid leukemias are consistent with a radiation etiology given greater occupational exposures to ionizing radiation prior to 1950 than in more recent times. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Past and future directions in x‐ray computed tomography (CT)
Authors: Natterer Frank , Ritman Erik L. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractWe give a short account of the history of CT from motion tomography in the early 1930's to sprial CT. We discuss the physical and the mathematical background. Finally we give an outlook on possible future developments of CT and related techniques. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 12, 175–187, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.10021
Image indexing by Color Plane Moment
Authors: Lin Shinfeng D. , Chen Kuo‐Hae , Yang Xin‐Lun 
Published: November 2002

AbstractAmong the features of content‐based image retrieval, color features provide important clues to search similar image contents. In addition to color, there exists more information in the image. In this article, we propose a new method for content‐based image retrieval: Color Plane Moment (CPM). This method combines colors' content and their spatial distribution to improve image query results. It integrates the ideas of color histogram, backprojection, and moments. The CPM uses backprojection as one of the image preprocessing methods and computes the invariant moments with those dominant color plane images after preprocessing. There are several dominant colors chosen by color histogram in an image, and each can be expressed by seven invariant moment values that represent spatial distribution of those dominant color planes, respectively. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed technique outperforms the other techniques. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 12, 139–148, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.10022
Multifoveal imager for stereo applications
Authors: Camacho P. , Coslado F. , González M. , Sandoval F. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractA multiresolution imager based on adaptive retinal structures, with data compressions above 85%, is presented in this article. The main goal of the imager platform is to speed up image processing with the use of selective data reductions to shorten the vision systems' tasks in stereo applications. Implemented on a field‐programmable gate array, the platform can be configured as the front end of active vision systems, with use of adaptive foveal sensing on uniresolution images to cover wide fields of view, being also a development tool for multiresolution applications with different image formats and interfaces. The multifoveal imager provides the hierarchical data structures related to multiresolution levels, following instructions to control sensor parameters or to perform adaptive fovea fixations in real time, adapting its operation to the constraints of the active vision systems. It also uses intermediate resolution data to implement in hardware an efficient background extractor to cooperate with image processors in motion detection tasks and attention mechanisms. Some platform configurations are explained and experimental results are discussed in relation to the advantages of the adaptive retinal structures. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 12, 149–165, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.10023
Wavelet‐based adaptive vector quantization for still‐image coding
Authors: Chen Wen‐Shiung , Hsieh Lili 
Published: November 2002

AbstractWavelet transform coding (WTC) with vector quantization (VQ) has been shown to be efficient in the application of image compression. An adaptive vector quantization coding scheme with the Gold‐Washing dynamic codebook‐refining mechanism in the wavelet domain, called symmetric wavelet transform‐based adaptive vector quantization (SWT‐GW‐AVQ), is proposed for still‐image coding in this article. The experimental results show that the GW codebook‐refining mechanism working in the wavelet domain rather than the spatial domain is very efficient, and the SWT‐GW‐AVQ coding scheme may improve the peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) of the reconstructed images with a lower encoding time. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 12, 166–174, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.10024
Role of ERK and calcium in the hypoxia‐induced activation of HIF‐1
Authors: Mottet Denis , Michel Gaetan , Renard Patricia , Ninane Noelle , Raes Martine , Michiels Carine 
Published: November 2002

AbstractOxygen‐dependent regulation of HIF‐1 activity occurs at multiple levels in vivo. The mechanisms regulating HIF‐1α protein expression have been most extensively analyzed but the ones modulating HIF‐1 transcriptional activity remain unclear. Changes in the phosphorylation and/or redox status of HIF‐1α certainly play a role. Here, we show that ionomycin could activate HIF‐1 transcriptional activity in a way that was additive to the effect of hypoxia without affecting HIF‐1α protein level. In addition, a calmodulin dominant negative mutant and W7, a calmodulin antagonist, as well as BAPTA, an intracellular calcium chelator, inhibited the hypoxia‐induced HIF‐1 activation. These results indicate that elevated calcium in hypoxia could participate in HIF‐1 activation. Furthermore, ERK but not JNK phosphorylation was evidenced in both conditions, ionomycin and hypoxia. PD98059, an inhibitor of the ERK pathway as well as a ERK1 dominant negative mutant also blocked HIF‐1 activation by hypoxia and by ionomycin. A MEKK1 (a kinase upstream of JNK) dominant negative mutant had no effect. In addition, BAPTA, calmidazolium, a calmodulin antagonist and PD98059 inhibited VEGF secretion by hypoxic HepG2. All together, these results suggest that calcium and calmodulin would act upstream of ERK in the hypoxia signal transduction pathway. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytoplasmic bacterial lipopolysaccharide does not induce NFκB activation or NFκB mediated activation signals in human macrophages and an LPS reporter cell line
Authors: Seitzer Ulrike , Gerdes Johannes 
Published: November 2002

AbstractAlthough many membrane components have been described to be involved in the activation of cells by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the question remains whether LPS, once internalized by target cells, is also capable of interacting with cytoplasmic elements in such a way that activation of cells results independently of receptor engagement. This is an important aspect to consider with respect to the development of strategies aimed at attenuating adverse effects of LPS in the framework of bacterial infections. In this study, human monocyte derived macrophages as representatives of one of the primary target cells activated by LPS, were microinjected with LPS to circumvent exogenous LPS stimulation. Parameters correlating to cytoplasmic activation of the nuclear transcription factor NFκB (intracellular calcium mobilization), to nuclear translocation of the NFκB p65 subunit and to mRNA‐transcription of inflammatory cytokines known to be expressed upon exogenous LPS‐stimulation and to require NFκB activation (interleukin‐1beta, interleukin‐6, tumor necrosis factor alpha) were investigated. In addition, the LPS‐reporter cell line 3E10, which contains a reporter gene under the control of an NFκB‐inducible promoter was analyzed with respect to NFκB nuclear translocation and reporter gene expression. None of the cellular systems used and none of the parameters investigated led to the observation that intracellular LPS leads to activation of the cells in comparison to external LPS stimulation. These experiments allow the conclusion that LPS in the cytoplasmic compartment does not lead to NFκB translocation, cytokine mRNA transcription, and NFκB dependent protein expression and suggest that these activation parameters require the interaction of LPS with external membrane components. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of isolated mature osteoblasts in abundance acts as desired‐shaped bone regeneration in combination with a modified poly‐DL‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid (PLGA)‐collagen sponge
Authors: Ochi Kensuke , Chen Gouping , Ushida Takashi , Gojo Satoshi , Segawa Kaoru , Tai Hitoshi , Ueno Kenju , Ohkawa Hiroyuki , Mori Taisuke , Yamaguchi Akira , Toyama Yoshiaki , Hata Jun‐ichi , Umezawa Akihiro 
Published: November 2002

AbstractControlled regeneration of bone or cartilage has recently begun to facilitate a host of novel clinical treatments. An osteoblast line, which we isolated is able to form new bone matrix in vivo within 2 days and exhibits a mature osteoblast phenotype both in vitro and in vivo. Using these cells, we show that cuboidal bones can be generated into a predesigned shaped‐bone with high‐density bone trabeculae when used in combination with a modified poly‐DL‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid (PLGA)‐collagen sponge. PLGA coated with collagen gel serves as a good scaffold for osteoblasts. These results indicate that mature osteoblasts, in combination with a scaffold such as PLGA‐collagen sponge, show promise for use in a custom‐shaped bone regeneration tool for both basic research into osteogenesis and for development of therapeutic applications. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of growth and sensitization to cisplatin‐mediated killing of ovarian cancer cells by polyphenolic chemopreventive agents
Authors: Chan Marion M. , Fong Dunne , Soprano Kenneth J. , Holmes William F. , Heverling Harry 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe polyphenolic compounds curcumin and quercetin increased sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells (CAOV3 and SKOV3) to cisplatin. The effect was obtained when the compounds were added simultaneously with cisplatin, as well as when they were added 24 h before. High serum levels of certain cytokines, for example interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), have been associated with poor prognosis and cisplatin resistance in various forms of cancer. Furthermore, it has been hypothesized that cytokines may increase proliferation, metastasis, and stimulate production of detoxification enzymes and multi‐drug resistant proteins. Curcumin inhibits the production of many cytokines. The two ovarian cell lines differ significantly in IL‐6 production, and correspondingly the high producer, CAOV3, was less susceptible to cisplatin. Curcumin inhibited the production of IL‐6 in this cell suggesting that one of the mechanisms for synergy between cisplatin and curcumin was by reducing the autologous production of IL‐6. However, the synergy was also observed in the low IL‐6 producer, SKOV3, indicating that the action was most probably a result of multiple targeting. In sum, this study suggests that the compounds, curcumin and quercetin, potentially may be useful for enhancing drug sensitivity in certain cancer. J. Cell. Physiol. 194: 63–70, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pleiotropic effects of fatty acids on pancreatic β‐cells
Authors: Haber E.P. , Ximenes H.M.A. , Procópio J. , Carvalho C.R.O. , Curi R. , Carpinelli A.R. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractHyperlipidemia is frequently associated with insulin resistance states as found in type 2 diabetes and obesity. Effects of free fatty acids (FFA) on pancreatic β‐cells have long been recognized. Acute exposure of the pancreatic β‐cell to FFA results in an increase of insulin release, whereas a chronic exposure results in desensitization and suppression of secretion. We recently showed that palmitate augments insulin release in the presence of non‐stimulatory concentrations of glucose. Reduction of plasma FFA levels in fasted rats or humans severely impairs glucose‐induced insulin release. These results imply that physiological plasma levels of FFA are important for β‐cell function. Although, it has been accepted that fatty acid oxidation is necessary for its stimulation of insulin secretion, the possible mechanisms by which fatty acids (FA) affect insulin secretion are discussed in this review. Long‐chain acyl‐CoA (LC‐CoA) controls several aspects of the β‐cell function including activation of certain types of protein kinase C (PKC), modulation of ion channels, protein acylation, ceramide‐ and/or nitric oxide (NO)‐mediated apoptosis, and binding to nuclear transcriptional factors. The present review also describes the possible effects of FA on insulin signaling. We showed for the first time that acute exposure of islets to palmitate upregulates the intracellular insulin‐signaling pathway in pancreatic islets. Another aspect considered in this review is the source of FA for pancreatic islets. In addition to be exported to the medium, lipids can be transferred from leukocytes (macrophages) to pancreatic islets in co‐culture. This process consists an additional source of FA that may plays a significant role to regulate insulin secretion. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human osteoblasts express functional CXC chemokine receptors 3 and 5: Activation by their ligands, CXCL10 and CXCL13, significantly induces alkaline phosphatase and β‐N‐acetylhexosaminidase release
Authors: Lisignoli Gina , Toneguzzi Stefania , Piacentini Anna , Cattini Luca , Lenti Anna , Tschon Matilde , Cristino Sandra , Grassi Francesco , Facchini Andrea 
Published: November 2002

AbstractOsteoblasts (OBs) contribute to the maintenance of bone homeostasis and their activity can be influenced by immune cells localized in bone lacunae. We investigated the expression of the chemokine receptors in isolated human OBs by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and flow cytometry, and report a novel finding, namely, that OBs express high levels of CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) and 5 (CXCR5). Functional assays to evaluate CXCR3 and CXCR5 demonstrated that their ligands—CXCL10 and CXCL13, respectively—significantly induce the release of β‐N‐acetylhexosaminidase, an enzyme involved in endochondral ossification and bone remodeling able to degrade important extracellular matrix components. Alkaline phosphatase activity, a useful index of matrix formation was also up‐regulated by CXCL10 and CXCL13. However, OB activation by these ligands does not affect OB proliferation. Both Bordetella pertussis toxin and neutralizing anti‐CXCR3/anti‐CXCR5 monoclonal antibodies block CXCL10 and CXCL13 induction, respectively. We also demonstrated the expression of CXCL10 and CXCL13 in human bone tissue biopsies. These results indicate that both CXCR3/CXCL10 and CXCR5/CXCL13 receptor–ligand pairs may play an important role in OB activity through the specific up‐regulation of two enzymes, which are involved in the bone remodeling process. Moreover, our data suggest that OBs may play a role in the modulation of bone formation through the combined action of these two enzymes. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of the fetal intestine in mice lacking the glucocorticoid receptor (GR)
Authors: Gartner Hans , Graul M. Colleen , Oesterreicher Thomas J. , Finegold Milton J. , Henning Susan J. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractDuring rodent development there are two surges of circulating corticosterone: one just prior to birth and then one in the third postnatal week. Prior studies have shown that the latter controls the rate of intestinal development in the postnatal period. To date, a role for the earlier surge in the prenatal phase of intestinal development has not been investigated. We hypothesized that the late fetal surge of circulating corticosterone is involved in both morphologic and functional maturation of the intestinal epithelium, and thus that such maturation would be delayed if glucocorticoid action was abrogated. The hypothesis was tested by studying intestinal development in mice lacking a functional glucocorticoid receptor (GR). After GR+/− mice were bred onto a C57Bl/6 background, heterozygote matings yielded the expected ratios of −/−, +/−, and +/+ offspring. Analysis of GR mRNA in intestines of +/+ and −/− fetuses confirmed expression in wild‐type mice but not in the GR‐null mice. Intestinal histology of GR+/+ and −/− littermates at E13.5, E15.5, and E18.5 showed no effect of GR genotype on morphologic development. Further studies at E18.5 showed that GR−/− mice have normal functional maturation of the intestinal epithelium as assessed by: lactase activity in the enterocyte lineage, normal numbers of goblet and enteroendocrine cells, and normal numbers of proliferating cells in the intestinal crypts. Neither the minerolocorticoid receptor (MR) nor the pregnane X receptor (PXR) showed compensatory up‐regulation in GR−/− mice. We conclude that, in contrast to our original hypothesis, the rodent intestine passes through a phase of glucocorticoid independence (late fetal) prior to becoming responsive to glucocorticoids in the postnatal period. These findings have implications for the clinical use of corticosteroids to enhance intestinal maturation in preterm infants. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.