bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of genetic and environmental factors influencing aerial root traits that support biological nitrogen fixation in sorghum
Authors: Wolf Emily S A , Vela Saddie , Wilker Jennifer , Davis Alyssa , Robert Madalen , Infante Valentina , Venado Rafael E , Voiniciuc Cătălin , Ané Jean-Michel , Vermerris Wilfred 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Plant breeding and genetics play a major role in the adaptation of plants to meet human needs. The current requirement to make agriculture more sustainable can be partly met by a greater reliance on biological nitrogen fixation by symbiotic diazotrophic microorganisms that provide crop plants with ammonium. Select accessions of the cereal crop sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) form mucilage-producing aerial roots that harbor nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Breeding programs aimed at developing sorghum varieties that support diazotrophs will benefit from a detailed understanding of the genetic and environmental factors contributing to aerial root formation. A genome-wide association study of the sorghum minicore, a collection of 242 landraces, and 30 accessions from the sorghum association panel was conducted in Florida and Wisconsin and under 2 fertilizer treatments to identify loci associated with the number of nodes with aerial roots and aerial root diameter. Sequence variation in genes encoding transcription factors that control phytohormone signaling and root system architecture showed significant associations with these traits. In addition, the location had a significant effect on the phenotypes. Concurrently, we developed F2 populations from crosses between bioenergy sorghums and a landrace that produced extensive aerial roots to evaluate the mode of inheritance of the loci identified by the genome-wide association study. Furthermore, the mucilage collected from aerial roots contained polysaccharides rich in galactose, arabinose, and fucose, whose composition displayed minimal variation among 10 genotypes and 2 fertilizer treatments. These combined results support the development of sorghums with the ability to acquire nitrogen via biological nitrogen fixation.
Innovation opportunities and backward linkages in mining: an analysis of Argentinean knowledge-intensive mining suppliers (KIMS)
Authors: Stubrin Lilia , Marin Anabel , Murguía Diego 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper aims at contributing to better comprehend the opportunities for innovation in the mining sector that are leveraged by local knowledge-intensive mining suppliers (KIMS) in developing mineral-rich countries. Drawing on the innovation and global value chain (GVC) bodies of literature as well as previous empirical studies on KIMS in developing mining countries, we analytically distinguish among three types of innovation approaches that local KIMS can pursue. Each of them is associated with main sources of innovation opportunities, type of inputs supplied, and prevailing market structures and entry barriers. The distinction among innovation strategies together with an analysis that combines firm- and market-level dimensions helped us to better comprehend the types of innovation opportunities that local KIMS in Argentina are adopting and the nature of challenges they encounter. The empirical analysis is based on the novel fieldwork data collected in 2019 and 2022. The findings of the paper hold significance to inform productive and innovation policies regarding the type of interventions that may be more effective for Argentina in the current technological and market circumstances that the mining industry is facing.
Psychosocial Functioning of Parents of Youth Receiving Intensive Interdisciplinary Pain Treatment
Authors: Christofferson Jennifer , Scheurich Jennifer A , Black William R , Hoffart Cara M , Wallace Dustin P 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective
Parents of youth with chronic pain report psychosocial difficulties, yet treatment often focuses on improving their child’s functioning and pain. This study evaluated changes in parents’ social and emotional functioning and explored predictors of change, as they completed a parent-focused intervention while their child was enrolled in an intensive interdisciplinary pain treatment (IIPT) program.

Methods
Parents (n = 69) completed questionnaires at baseline and weekly (average duration of 4 weeks) during their child’s participation in IIPT. Parents engaged in 3 groups per week providing education, therapeutic art, and psychotherapy (3 hr/week total).

Results
At baseline, 38% of parents reported scores in the clinically elevated range for at least 1 psychosocial variable. Linear mixed modeling for the full sample indicated reduced parent anxiety (t = −2.72, p &lt;.01) and depression (t = −3.59, p &lt;.001), but not increased emotional support (t = 1.86, p &gt;. 05) or reduced social isolation (t = −1.20, p &gt;.05). For parents with at least moderately elevated psychosocial concerns, statistically significant improvements were observed for all 4 outcomes (all p’s&lt;.01). Psychological flexibility, cognitive reappraisal, and emotional suppression were found to be related to changes in parent outcomes (anxiety, depression, isolation, and support).

Conclusions
Findings support the benefit of parent-focused interventions in addition to child-focused interventions. Many parents of youth participating in IIPT had elevated scores for at least 1 psychosocial concern at baseline. Brief, parent-focused intervention including psychoeducation, therapeutic art, and psychotherapy targeting mindfulness, acceptance, and values had a significant impact on these parents, particularly those with greater struggles at baseline.
Spatial modelling of infectious diseases with covariate measurement error
Authors: Amiri Leila , Torabi Mahmoud , Deardon Rob 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn spatial infectious disease models, it is typical to assume that only the distance between susceptible and infectious individuals is important for modelling, but not the actual spatial locations of the individuals. Recently introduced geographically-dependent individual level models (GD-ILMs) can be used to also consider the effect of spatial locations of individuals and the distance between susceptible and infectious individuals for determining the risk of infection. In these models, it is assumed that the covariates used to predict the occurrence of disease are measured accurately. However, there are many applications in which covariates are prone to measurement error. For instance, to study risk factors for influenza, people with low socio-economic status (SES) are known to be more at risk compared to the rest of the population. However, SES is prone to measurement error. In this paper, we propose a GD-ILM which accounts for measurement error in both individual-level and area-level covariates. A Monte Carlo expectation conditional maximisation algorithm is used for inference. We use models fitted to data to predict areas with high average infectivity rates. We evaluate the performance of the proposed approach through simulation studies and by a real-data application on influenza data in Manitoba, Canada.
Mining for meaning: how text mining can uncover the French Liberal School’s key ideas
Authors: Borja Francisco A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This investigation shows that through word embedding and co-occurrence, a researcher can deduce key concepts within a corpus that, with adequate academic contextual knowledge, can guide the investigator to conclude if the corpus belongs to or has been influenced by a particular school of thought. Specifically, we have conducted an extensive analysis of the Journal des Economistes, a prominent platform for the dissemination of ideas within the French Liberal School which run from 1841 to 1936, to demonstrate the effectiveness of these tools in the context of distant reading. We have thus shown how the concepts discussed within the journal, reflect the concerns of the French Liberal School for the concepts of value, commerce, freedom of exchange, freedom, and labor, through statistical methods, as opposed to a close reading of the text.
The impact of the WHIM on the IGM thermal state determined from the low-z Lyman α forest
Authors: Hu Teng , Khaire Vikram , Hennawi Joseph F , Oñorbe Jose , Walther Michael , Lukic Zarija , Davies Frederick 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
At z ≲ 1, shock heating caused by large-scale velocity flows and possibly violent feedback from galaxy formation, converts a significant fraction of the cool gas (T ∼ 104 K) in the intergalactic medium (IGM) into warm–hot phase (WHIM) with T &gt; 105 K, resulting in a significant deviation from the previously tight power-law IGM temperature–density relationship, $T=T_0 (\rho / {\bar{\rho }})^{\gamma -1}$. This study explores the impact of the WHIM on measurements of the low-z IGM thermal state, [T0, γ], based on the b–$N_{{\rm H\,{\small I}}} $ distribution of the Ly α forest. Exploiting a machine learning-enabled simulation-based inference method trained on Nyx hydrodynamical simulations, we demonstrate that [T0, γ] can still be reliably measured from the b–$N_{{\rm H\,{\small I}}} $ distribution at z = 0.1, notwithstanding the substantial WHIM in the IGM. To investigate the effects of different feedback, we apply this inference methodology to mock spectra derived from the IllustrisTNG and Illustris simulations at z = 0.1. The results suggest that the underlying [T0, γ] of both simulations can be recovered with biases as low as |Δlog (T0/K)| ≲ 0.05 dex, |Δγ| ≲ 0.1, smaller than the precision of a typical measurement. Given the large differences in the volume-weighted WHIM fractions between the three simulations (Illustris 38 per cent, IllustrisTNG 10 per cent, and Nyx 4 per cent), we conclude that the b–$N_{{\rm H\,{\small I}}} $ distribution is not sensitive to the WHIM under realistic conditions. Finally, we investigate the physical properties of the detectable Ly α absorbers, and discover that although their T and Δ distributions remain mostly unaffected by feedback, they are correlated with the photoionization rate used in the simulation.
Nicotine Delivery and Changes in Withdrawal and Craving During Acute Electronic Cigarette, Heated Tobacco Product, and Cigarette Use Among a Sample of Black and White People Who Smoke
Authors: Leavens Eleanor L S , Lambart Leah , Diaz Francisco J , Wagener Theodore L , Ahluwalia Jasjit S , Benowitz Neal , Nollen Nicole L 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Introduction
E-cigarettes and heated tobacco products (HTPs) may serve as potential options for harm reduction for smokers if they possess reward profiles similar to cigarettes. Little is known about the abuse liability of HTPs and e-cigarettes versus cigarettes in racial/ethnic minority smokers.

Aims and Methods
Twenty-two nicotine-deprived people who smoke (black [n = 12] and white [n = 10]) completed three visits that included a standardized 10-puff bout followed by a 50-minute ad libitum use assessment with their usual brand cigarette (UBC), an e-cigarette, and HTP. Visits were completed in a randomized crossover design and were separated by a minimum 48-hour washout period. Assessments included plasma nicotine, Cmax, and reductions in craving and withdrawal.

Results
UBC delivered significantly greater levels of nicotine compared to the e-cigarette (p &lt; .001) and HTP (p &lt; .01) during both the standardized and ad libitum sessions. HTP delivered more nicotine than the e-cigarette during the standardized puffing session (p = .047) but not the ad libitum session. Only craving during the standardized puffing session and not the ad libitum session showed significant differences across products (p &lt; .001) such that UBC resulted in the greatest reduction followed by HTP and e-cigarette.

Conclusions
Despite greater nicotine delivery from the UBC compared to e-cigarette and HTP, participants reported reductions in craving and withdrawal across products, particularly following ad libitum use.

Implications
Use of participant’s UBCs (UBC) resulted in greater nicotine delivery compared to both the e-cigarette and HTP. Despite this relative difference in nicotine delivery, participants reported reductions in craving and withdrawal across products, particularly following ad libitum use. These findings suggest that in this sample of black and white people who smoke, HTPs and e-cigarettes provided significant relief from negative symptoms that maintain smoking.
Seroprevalence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Remained Extremely Low in Taiwan Until the Vaccination Program Was Implemented
Authors: Chen Yun-Yuan , Yang Min-Hui , Lai Jou-Zhen , Chen Jen-Wei , Wang Yun-Long , Wei Sheng-Tang , Hou Sheng-Mou , Chen Chien-Jen , Wu Ho-Sheng 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
The Taiwanese government made a concerted effort to contain a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) nosocomial outbreak of variant B.1.429, shortly before universal vaccination program implementation. This study aimed to investigate seroprevalence in the highest-risk regions.

Methods
Between January and February 2021, we retrieved 10 000 repository serum samples from blood donors to examine for antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S) antigens. A positive result was confirmed if anti-N and anti-S antibodies were positive. Overall, 2000 donors residing in the highest-risk district and donating blood in January 2021 were further examined for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. We estimated seroprevalence and compared the epidemic curve between confirmed COVID-19 cases and blood donors with positive antibodies or viral RNA.

Results
Twenty-one cases with COVID-19 were confirmed in the nosocomial cluster, with an incidence of 1.27/100 000 in the COVID-affected districts. Among 4888 close contacts of the nosocomial cases, 20 (0.4%) became confirmed cases during isolation. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 2 of the 10000 blood donors, showing a seroprevalence of 2/10000 (95% CI, 0.55–7.29). None of the 2000 donors who underwent tests for SARS-CoV-2 RNA were positive. The SARS-CoV-2 infection epidemic curve was observed sporadically in blood donors compared with the nosocomial cluster.

Conclusions
In early 2021, an extremely low anti-SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among blood donors was observed. Epidemic control measures through precise close contact tracing, testing, and isolation effectively contained SARS-CoV-2 transmission before universal vaccination program implementation.
National Institutes of Health Funding for Tuberculosis Comorbidities Is Disproportionate to Their Epidemiologic Impact
Authors: Carwile Madeline , Pan Susie Jiaxing , Zhang Victoria , Dauphinais Madolyn , Cintron Chelsie , Flynn David , Tang Alice M , Sinha Pranay 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading infectious killer worldwide. We systematically searched the National Institutes of Health Research, Portfolio Online Reporting Tools Expenditures and Results (RePORTER) website to compare research funding for key TB comorbidities—undernutrition, alcohol use, human immunodeficiency virus, tobacco use, and diabetes—and found a large mismatch between the population attributable fraction of these risk factors and the funding allocated to them.
Introduction
Authors: Vesey Alyxandra 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This book examines the ubiquity of brand partnerships in contemporary consumer culture through the lens of female musicians’ labor and posits that contemporary female artists use them as an imperfect resource for creative expression. Its title riffs on “extended play,” a recording that split the difference between a single and an album that emerged at the turn of the 1920s and has served since the mid-1940s as a way for recording artists to stretch out musical cycles by capitalizing on fans’ hunger for B-sides, alternate tracks, transformative covers, or songs that did not make it onto full-length recordings but nonetheless shaped a musician’s creative trajectory. Brand partnerships, which are frequently tightly coordinated with album and tour cycles, serve a similar commercial function. For female-identified artists, brand partnerships often double as a bargaining chip for career longevity. Despite the hypervisibility of a constellation of female pop stars, the music business is structured around gender inequality. Furthermore, few women receive songwriting or producer credit that would give them access to higher royalties. Thus, brand partnerships can serve as opportunities for female musicians to create products that use corporate underwriters to celebrate feminized knowledge or broaden women’s associations with masculinized skillsets that build upon or reinforce their musical talents as performers, instrumentalists, songwriters, and producers. The introduction examines how the rise of collaborative music merchandise is a product of the simultaneous rise of self-branding and popular feminism in the music industries.
The Play
Authors: Rachnavali Premchand 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides the English translation of Premchand’s play Karbala, which begins with a list of the male and female characters, including Hussain, the son of Hazrat Ali and Zainab, his sister. The play tells the story of Prophet Muhammad’s grandson, Imam Hussain, who sacrificed his life, along with that of his family members and companions in the desert of Karbala to resist the corrupt ruler Yazid. Karbala reflects Premchand’s profound and enlightening grasp of the communal conflict in early-nineteenth-century India and his unique way of imagining the nation along with the Gandhian principles of communal harmony and co-existence of religions. Premchand wrote the play about Islamic history to spread awareness among the Hindus about the high ideals of Islam. In the play, Muslim characters use a vocabulary closer to Hindustani with a hint of Persianized diction, while the Hindu characters speak chaste, Sanskritized Hindi.
The Phonology/Syntax Interface
Authors: Archibald John 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the phonology/syntax interface to reveal how phonological matters are critical to understanding aspects of syntactic behaviour in bilinguals. The chapter presents two case studies. The first looks at the role of prosody in sentence processing in hearing and hard-of-hearing populations by focussing on aspects of relative clause attachment preferences and sentential reanalysis. The second looks at the acquisition of L2 WH-questions in learners of Japanese within the framework of Contiguity Theory. The chapter argues that L2 learners construct grammars which are governed by universal properties such as phonological contiguity even though this is not part of the L1 grammar of WH-movement. The resulting grammars are hierarchical and recursive. The chapter demonstrates that the learners acquire the abstract phonology of the L2, though not nativelike phonetic implementation.
Home Visiting Programs
Authors: Eisenberg Daniel , Raghavan Ramesh 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
As the first in a series of case studies in the book, this chapter examines how home visiting programs represent one of the most promising investments in children’s mental health. The programs typically employ a trained professional or peer who repeatedly visits the home of an infant or young child. The home visitor engages in a variety of activities designed at strengthening the home environment, parental capacity, and child health and well-being. The chapter examines home visiting programs broadly and then examines in more depth two specific programs with particularly strong evidence: the Nurse–Family Partnership and Family Connects. The chapter presents data from economic evaluations of key home visiting programs, suggesting that investing in these programs is sound public policy. It concludes with a discussion of ways to enhance equity through these programs.
Four Centuries of Sedleian Professors
Authors: Hollings Christopher D. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The Sedleian Professorship of Natural Philosophy is one of Oxford’s oldest chairs, founded in the early part of the seventeenth century, alongside a number of other such posts, most notably the Savilian Professorships of Geometry and Astronomy, with which it has always been closely associated. Originally a university position whose sole duty was to lecture on natural philosophy, the Sedleian Chair has developed over four centuries into a role that encompasses both teaching and research. Along the way its focus has been narrowed from natural philosophy to applied mathematics. Indeed, the Sedleian Chair arguably has had the most interesting and varied development of any such professorship, with several twists and turns along the way. In this first chapter, we describe the foundation and general trends in the development of the chair by way of providing background for the stories of the individual professors that follow in the remaining chapters.
The Settlor’s Conscience
Authors: Agnew Sinéad 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the relevance of the settlor’s conscience to express trusts, and it considers both self-declared trusts and trusts by transfer. It explains the link between the idea of conscience and trustees’ duties, and the central significance of factual knowledge to the recognition and imposition of such duties. It explains further how, although the idea of conscience as applied knowledge is relevant to self-declarations of trust, ideas of assumption of responsibility and settlor autonomy are crucial to understanding why the settlor’s conscience is bound by the duties of an express trustee, while the courts are also concerned to preserve the conventional force and reliability of self-declarations and their equivalents. The chapter also examines the circumstances in which a settlor’s conscience will be bound by a custodial duty to rescue an express trust which would otherwise fail due to incomplete constitution or disclaimer. It argues that although the idea of conscience as applied knowledge is relevant, the settlor’s actions are crucial. In the context of the rule in Re Rose and disclaimer, it is possible to draw an analogy with the assumption of responsibility rationale that underpins self-declared trusts. But the Pennington v Waine doctrine signals a greater concern to protect those who may rely on the settlor’s actions (eg a beneficiary or a trustee) to their detriment. It remains to be seen whether the courts have struck the right balance and, as the chapter shows, the use of the language of unconscionability to justify outcomes can raise more questions than it answers.
Historical Conceptions of the Express Trust, c 1600–1900
Authors: Foster David 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the historical and analytical conceptions of the express trust in the period c 1600–1900. Particular emphasis is placed upon the historical conception of the trust as a ‘confidence annexed in privity’ and the slow reification of the beneficiary’s right under a trust in the case law and treatise literature of the period. This aspect of the trust’s history is explored through the development of rules governing the exigibility and enforceability of the beneficiary’s right and provides historical context to the more analytical treatments of the trust in the mid-to-late nineteenth century. The chapter concludes with a consideration of the significance of the school of analytical jurisprudence in shaping modern conceptions of the trust—most notably by applying the language of rights in rem and rights in personam to equitable rights.