bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of capillary isoelectric focusing in glycerol‐water media with a view to hydrophobic protein applications
Authors: Busnel Jean‐Marc , Varenne Anne , Descroix Stéphanie , Peltre Gabriel , Gohon Yann , Gareil Pierre 
Published: September 2005

AbstractCapillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF) separations are usually performed with neutral coated fused‐silica capillaries in aqueous anticonvective media. Glycerol, a very viscous solvent (η = 945 mPa·s at 25°C), known to help stabilize any kind of proteins and solubilize hydrophobic ones, was tested as an alternative to using commercial gels. Viscosity and electroosmotic mobility were measured as a function of gel or glycerol content in water, and a 30:70 v/v glycerol‐water medium appeared as a good compromise for performing CIEF in a bare fused‐silica capillary without imposing too high a viscosity. To demonstrate the feasibility of this new CIEF system, a standard mixture of nine model proteins was separated according to their pI with a good agreement between experimental and literature aqueous pIs. Moreover, better resolution was achieved with this system than with the conventional aqueous CIEF system, as two of the model proteins could not be separated in the latter system. Glycerol‐water CIEF in bare silica capillary was next applied to the separation of horse radish peroxidase, a complex mixture of protein isoforms. The good concordance with the separation obtained by the conventional CIEF system indicated the adequacy of this new system. Finally, as anticipated from the results obtained for the separation of bacteriorhodopsin, a membrane protein, glycerol‐water CIEF performed in bare silica capillary appears to be a promising alternative to conventional aqueous CIEF for hydrophobic protein characterization, under their native form.
Are the asserted advantages of organic solvents in capillary electrophoresis real? A critical discussion
Authors: Porras Simo P. , Kenndler Ernst 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBackground electrolytes (BGEs) prepared in pure organic solvents are common alternatives to aqueous BGEs in capillary electrophoresis. Several general advantages of organic solvents over water have been asserted in the literature, namely (i) organic solvents increase the separation selectivity; (ii) organic solvents increase the separation efficiency; (iii) high separation voltages and/or high BGE ionic strengths can be used in organic solvents due to lower electric current compared to water. Related assumptions are that (iv) due to higher field strengths applicable in organic solvents the analysis time is shorter than in aqueous BGEs, and (v) the solubility and/or stability of components (either analytes or BGE chemicals) is higher/better in organic solvents. In the present work, these asserted advantages were critically evaluated based on the physical principles of ion transport and zone dispersion in solution. The result was that many of the above‐mentioned general advantages are overestimated or even inexistent; often they have no fundamental basis.
Optimization of the separation of flavonoids using solvent‐modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography
Authors: Tonin Fernando G. , Jager Alessandra V. , Micke Gustavo A. , Farah João P. S. , Tavares Marina F. M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIn this work the separation of eighteen flavonoids was attempted using reduced‐flow micellar elektrokinetic chromatography (RF‐MEKC) electrolytes modified by selected solvents with differing properties: methanol (MeOH), acetonitrile (ACN) and tetrahydrofuran (THF). Structural aspects such as unsaturation of the C ring, number and position of OH groups, methylation and glycosylation as well as solvent effects and their impact on the electrophoretic behavior of flavonoids were addressed. By evaluating the electropherograms obtained from mixture‐designed electrolytes and searching for changes in the critical pairs, a favorable separation condition was achieved using 20 mmol/L phosphate buffer at pH 2.5 containing 50 mmol/L sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 15% ACN and 5% THF (one critical pair) in less than 12 min with 1.5% coefficient of variation (CV) for retention factor and 3% CV for peak area (n = 5). The applicability of the proposed separation condition was demonstrated by the inspection of flavonoids in herbal extracts of Neem.
The potential of inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometric detection for capillary electrophoretic analysis of pesticides
Authors: Wuilloud Rodolfo G. , Shah Monika , Kannamkumarath Sasi S. , Altamirano Jorgelina C. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractSee original http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.200410098
Evaluation of two‐dimensional electrophoresis and liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry for tissue‐specific protein profiling of laser‐microdissected plant samples
Authors: Schad Martina , Lipton Mary S. , Giavalisco Patrick , Smith Richard D. , Kehr Julia 
Published: September 2005

AbstractSee original http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.200410399
Postglacial topographic evolution of glaciated valleys: a stochastic landscape evolution model
Authors: Dadson Simon J. , Church Michael 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe retreat of valley glaciers has a dramatic effect on the stability of glaciated valleys and exerts a prolonged influence on the subsequent fluvial sediment transport regime. We have studied the evolution of an idealized glaciated valley during the period following retreat of ice using a numerical model. The model incorporates a stochastic process to represent deep‐seated landsliding, non‐linear diffusion to represent shallow landsliding and an approximation of the Bagnold relation to represent fluvial sediment transport. It was calibrated using field data from several recent surveys within British Columbia, Canada. We present ensemble model results and compare them with results from a deterministic linear‐diffusion model to show that explicit representation of large landslides is necessary to reproduce the morphology and channel network structure of a typical postglacial valley. Our model predicts a rapid rate of fluvial sediment transport following deglaciation with a subsequent gradual decline, similar to that inferred for Holocene time. We also describe how changes in the model parameters affect the estimated magnitude and duration of the paraglacial sediment pulse. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A slug calorimeter for evaluating the thermal performance of fire resistive materials
Authors: Bentz D. P. , Flynn D. R. , Kim J. H. , Zarr R. R. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe utilization of a slug calorimeter to evaluate the thermal performance of fire resistive materials (FRMs) is presented. The basic specimen configuration consists of a ‘sandwich’, with a square central stainless‐steel plate (slug) surrounded on two sides by the FRM. This sandwich configuration provides an adiabatic boundary condition at the central axis of the slug plate that greatly simplifies the analysis. The other four (thin) sides of the steel plate (and FRM specimens) are insulated using a low thermal conductivity fumed‐silica board. Two metal plates manufactured from a high temperature alloy provide a frame for placing the entire sandwich specimen slightly in compression. The entire configuration is centrally placed at the bottom of an electrically heated box furnace and the temperatures of the metal slug and exterior FRM surfaces are monitored during multiple heating and cooling cycles. Knowing the heat capacities and densities of the steel slug and the FRM, an effective thermal conductivity for the FRM can be estimated. The effective thermal conductivity of the FRM will be influenced by its true thermal conductivity and by any endothermic or exothermic reactions or phase changes occurring within the FRM. Preliminary tests have been conducted on two commonly used FRMs and on a non‐reactive fumed‐silica board to demonstrate the feasibility of the method. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling the natural degradation of earthworks
Authors: O'Neal Michael A. , O'Mansky Matt E. , MacGregor Joseph A. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractStratigraphic, topographic, and ground‐penetrating radar data obtained from a ca. 1800‐year‐old embankment and adjacent ditch at the Hopewell Mound Group (Chillicothe, Ohio) are used to validate the archaeological application of a simple finite‐differences diffusion model employed frequently to assess geomorphic change in natural landscapes. Although diffusion models have been used to describe the topographic degradation of landforms in a variety of geomorphic terrains, the approach has not been applied to ancient earthworks in an archaeological context. The results of this study indicate that a variety of initial earthwork forms can result in the sinusoidal profile apparent on the current landscape. Using the model results to interpret the field data, we suggest that the initial embankment form was steeper and the adjacent ditch was deeper. As a result of natural degradation processes, the earthwork widened and flattened over time. These results have broad implications for any study aimed at: (1) assessing the function of original earthwork forms, (2) determining the formation processes of complicated stratigraphies or artifact assemblages, (3) estimating the time and labor investment required for construction, or (4) identifying the socio‐political structures necessary to build earthworks. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Long term metabolic arrest and recovery of HEK293 spheroids involves NF‐κB signaling and sustained JNK activation
Authors: Jack Graham D. , Mead E. Andrew , Garst James F. , Cabrera M. Carla , DeSantis Andrea M. , Slaughter Stephen M. , Jervis Jody , Brooks Andrew I. , Potts Malcolm , Helm Richard F. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractUnderstanding how cells withstand a depletion of intracellular water is relevant to the study of longevity, aging, and quiescence because one consequence of air‐drying is metabolic arrest. After removal of medium, HEK293 spheroids with intracellular water content of ∼65% survived partial vacuum, with antistatic control, for weeks in the dark at 25°C. In contrast, only a limited exposure of monolayers to air was lethal; the mitochondrion being a target of this stress. The pathways activated during the long‐term arrest and recovery of spheroids depended on both NF‐κB signaling and sustained JNK activation. A cyclical cascade, presumably originating from an intercellular stress signal, led to endogenous cytokine production (TNF‐α, IL‐1b, and IL‐8) and propagation of the cellular stress signal through the co‐activation of NF‐κB and JNK. Increased levels of downstream pathway signaling members, specifically Gadd45β, c‐jun, and ATF3 were observed, as was activation of c‐jun (phosphorylation). Activation of these pathways permit cells to survive long‐term storage and recovery because chemical inhibition of both NF‐κB nuclear translocation and JNK phosphorylation led to cell death. The capacity of an immortalized cell to enter, and then exit, a state of long‐term quiescence, without genetic or chemical intervention, has implications for the study of cell transformation. In addition, the ability to monitor the relevant signaling pathways at endogenous levels, from effector to transcriptional regulator, emphasizes the utility of multicellular aggregate models in delineating stress response pathways. J. Cell. Physiol. 206: 526–536, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SWI/SNF: The crossroads where extracellular signaling pathways meet chromatin
Authors: Simone Cristiano 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe coordinated expression of the genome in response to extracellular cues is ensured by enzymatic cascades signaling to the nucleus. These pathways generate chromatin modifications at specific loci controlling the transcription of signal‐dependent and tissue‐specific genes. The SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex offers the ideal surface for integrating these signals in the execution of diverse or even opposite biological programs. J. Cell. Physiol. 207: 309–314, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gene therapy for cartilage defects
Authors: Cucchiarini Magali , Madry Henning 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFocal defects of articular cartilage are an unsolved problem in clinical orthopaedics. These lesions do not heal spontaneously and no treatment leads to complete and durable cartilage regeneration. Although the concept of gene therapy for cartilage damage appears elegant and straightforward, current research indicates that an adaptation of gene transfer techniques to the problem of a circumscribed cartilage defect is required in order to successfully implement this approach. In particular, the localised delivery into the defect of therapeutic gene constructs is desirable. Current strategies aim at inducing chondrogenic pathways in the repair tissue that fills such defects. These include the stimulation of chondrocyte proliferation, maturation, and matrix synthesis via direct or cell transplantation‐mediated approaches. Among the most studied candidates, polypeptide growth factors have shown promise to enhance the structural quality of the repair tissue. A better understanding of the basic scientific aspects of cartilage defect repair, together with the identification of additional molecular targets and the development of improved gene‐delivery techniques, may allow a clinical translation of gene therapy for cartilage defects. The first experimental steps provide reason for cautious optimism. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of pesticide residues by on‐line reversed‐phase liquid chromatography–gas chromatography in the oil from olives grown in an experimental plot
Authors: Sanchez Raquel , Vazquez Ana , Villén‐Altamirano José , Villén Jesús 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis paper describes the use of a fully automated on‐line reversed‐phase liquid chromatography–gas chromatography (RPLC‐GC) method for the determination of four organophosphorus pesticides (dimethoate, methidathion, chlorpyriphos and fenitrothion) in olive oil. These pesticides are among those more extensively used to control pests and disease in olive trees. Various treatments with these pesticides, at various doses and stages of olive ripening, were carried out in an olive grove. The olives were harvested in mid‐December and immediately processed into oil in the laboratory. Fully automated analyses by on‐line RPLC‐GC using the through oven transfer adsorption desorption (TOTAD) interface was carried out without any kind of sample pretreatment other than a simple filtration step. A statistical analysis was performed. No dimethoate remained in the oil owing to the high solubility of dimethoate in water. Differences between the other three pesticide residues were significant. Chlorpyriphos provided the lowest residues, followed by fenitrothion and methidathion. Treatments carried out in June did not leave residues in the oil, but all the treatments carried out in October and December led to pesticide residues that were higher than the limits of detection. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
The isolation and properties of a concentrated red‐purple betacyanin food colourant from Opuntia stricta fruits
Authors: Castellar MR , Obón JM , Fernández‐López JA 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA red‐purple food colourant from Opuntia stricta fruits was obtained and studied. Four steps were involved in its isolation: washing, extraction, centrifugation and concentration. Ethanol:water 60:40 (v/v) was selected as the optimum extraction solvent to reduce the viscosity caused by the presence of mucilage and pectins. The resulting 40‐fold concentrated extract had a high colour strength (3.9, OD 535 nm, 1% v/v sol), a high betanin concentration (4.7 g L−1) and low viscosity (59.0 cP). It also showed high stability (t1/2 = 236.6 d, 4 °C) mainly due to its low pH (3.4) and low water content (571 g kg−1). These characteristics were in the same range as shown by three commercially available liquid concentrated colourants studied (red beet, red carrot and red grape skin). The colour parameters of this concentrated extract of Opuntia stricta were compared with those of commercial red colourants (red beet, red carrot, red grape skin, cochineal, elderberry, hibiscus and red cabbage). CIELAB values of Opuntia stricta (1.5 mL L−1) were L* = 69.8, a* = 59.7 and b* = −23.5. Opuntia stricta presented a vivid red‐purple colour which was distinguishable from the colours shown by the other natural red food colourants. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Mechanical stress distributions in cross‐sections of cucumber cultivars during the fracture process
Authors: Dan Haruka , Okuhara Kazutake , Kohyama Kaoru 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe fracture process of six cucumber cultivars was examined to explore the mechanical properties that determine cultivar‐specific crispy and crunchy textures. The postfailure portion of the load–strain curves was targeted in cucumber compression tests. The series of fractures after the initial fracture were examined at the tissue level by expressing the two‐dimensional stress intensity as a map. The stress map for the difference between the fracture point and 0.01 s after the fracture point indicated that the stress distribution changed in a broad area for two cultivars (D and F), while it changed locally and in a small area for two other cultivars (A and E). Several load drops were observed on the load–strain curve for the cucumbers. The peak number between the fracture and the local minimal points was quite small for cultivars D and F, whereas it was substantial for cultivars A and E. A global fracture event occurred over the entire cross‐sectional area at the initial fracture for cultivars D and F. The initial fracture occurred locally for cultivars A and E, and there were repeated sequential small local fractures as sample compression progressed. Two other cultivars (B and C), typical of those normally eaten raw, showed intermediate values for most parameters. This measurement provided the first demonstration of structural fracture during a series of load drops. How these postfailure properties will be associated with the texture characteristics of cucumber cultivars is discussed. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Fatty acid composition in some selected marine fish species living in Turkish waters
Authors: Bayır Abdulkadir , Haliloǧlu H İbrahim , Sirkecioǧlu A Necdet , Aras N Mevlüt 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe muscle fatty acid (FA) composition of 12 selected marine fish species living in Turkish waters was determined. FA profiles of muscle were compared in terms of total and individual saturated (SFAs) and unsaturated fatty acids. Total SFA, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n‐3 PUFA) and n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n‐6 PUFA) contents as well as n‐3/n‐6 FA and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)/docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) ratios differed (P < 0.01) in all fish species. Palmitic acid (16:0) among total SFAs, oleic acid (18:1n‐9) among MUFAs, DHA (22:6n‐3) among n‐3 PUFAs and 18:2n‐6 and 20:4n‐6 among n‐6 PUFAs were the most abundant FAs. The ratio of n‐3/n‐6 PUFA contents, indicating the availability of n‐3 PUFAs that are beneficial for human health, ranged from 2.67 to 12.61. The EPA/DHA ratio was between 0.17 and 0.83 in the marine fish species studied. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Optimization of extraction process for phenolic acids from black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) by pressurized liquid extraction
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Sudarsan , Luthria Devanand L , Robbins Rebecca J 
Published: September 2005

AbstractAn investigation to optimize the extraction of phenolic acids from black cohosh using a pressurized liquid extractor system was studied with the aim of developing a generalized approach for sample preparation of phenolic compounds from plant matrices. Operating parameters such as solvent composition, solid‐to‐solvent ratio, temperature, particle size distribution, and number of extraction cycles were identified as main variables that influence extraction efficiency. A mixture of methanol and water (60:40 v/v) was found to be the best solvent for total phenolics (TP) and individual phenolic acids. The four phenolic acids extracted from black cohosh were identified by HPLC and LC‐MS as caffeic acid, ferulic acid, sinapic acid and isoferulic acid. Over 96% of the measured phenolics were extracted in first two cycles. The extraction efficiency for black cohosh with MeOH:H2O (60:40 v/v) was found to be maximum at a solid‐to‐solvent ratio of 80 mg ml−1. TP content of the extract was found to increase with temperature up to 90 °C. Particle size was found to have a large impact on extraction efficiency of TP. Samples with particle size between 0.25 mm and 0.425 mm provided optimum extraction of phenolics from black cohosh. Published in 2005 for SCI by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of interferon‐gamma in Chinese hamster ovary cell culture supernatant by coupled‐column liquid chromatography
Authors: Goh Lin‐Tang , Yap Miranda Gek Sim 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA robust tandem HPLC method coupling size‐exclusion (Shodex Asahipak GS‐320HQ) and reversed phase (Vydac 218TP54) columns with ultraviolet detection was developed for quantitative determination of interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) in Chinese hamster ovary cell culture supernatant. The 2D‐HPLC system was linked up by a 6‐port 2‐position low hold‐up volume switch valve. Compared to a commercial ELISA kit for IFN‐γ, the coupled column LC approach was able to detect and quantify soluble IFN‐γ, regardless of the glycoprotein's molecular/conformational variability and sample background. Each LC‐LC analysis took 90 minutes inclusive of column regeneration. The relative standard deviation of measurements (n = 5) was less than 3%. The limit of detection (LOD) was determined to be 0.35 μg IFN‐γ.
Peptide and peptidomimetic chiral selectors in liquid chromatography
Authors: Li Tingyu 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe application of peptide and peptidomimetic chiral selectors in LC is reviewed in this article. In particular, methods for finding these types of selectors using combinatorial library approaches are discussed, as well as recent advances in the use of peptides and peptidomimetics as general chiral selectors for LC. In terms of the library approaches, batch screening and reciprocal screening are discussed. As for general chiral selectors, one example involves the application of chiral diamide phases. Another example shows the versatility of oligoproline chiral stationary phases, which exhibit resolution for a number of racemic analytes, comparable to other well‐established chiral stationary phases.