bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutrient assessment of Chinese pregnant and lactating women: the intakes and food sources of Folic acid, Vitamin A, Iron and Calcium
Authors: Zhao Wenzhi , Ning Ke , Zheng Yingdong , Zhao Ai , Wang Peiyu , Zhang Yumei 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveTo describe the intakes of folic acid, vitamin A, iron and calcium and make comparison with Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) to find the main problem. To analyze the food sources of the four micronutrients.MethodsSamples were taken from a nutritional survey conducted in 8 cities of China, including 4 first‐tier cities and 4 second‐tier cities, with a total of 479 pregnant women of 3 trimesters and 576 lactating mothers of 6 stages included in the analysis. Micronutrients intakes were calculated based on 24h dietary record and then were compared with DRIs. Food items from 24h dietary record were classified into food groups according to Chinese food composition.ResultsThe intakes of folic acid, iron and calcium of pregnant women were significantly higher than those of lactating women. When analyzed in terms of trimesters, there were significant differences in the intakes of folic acid, vitamin A, iron and calcium between 4 groups of women. Specifically, folic acid intakes of pregnant women of three trimesters were higher than those of lactating women, and vitamin A and iron intakes of pregnant women in the third trimester were higher than those of lactating women and pregnant women in the first trimester, and calcium intakes of pregnant women in the second and third trimester were higher than those of lactating women and pregnant women in the first trimester. The percentages of women whose micronutrients intakes reached different indicators of DRIs among 4 groups were significantly different. Compared with pregnant women groups, the percentages of lactating women groups whose micronutrients intakes were lower than Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) were higher, while the percentages of lactating women groups whose micronutrients intakes were higher than Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) were lower. The main food sources of the four micronutrients were different between pregnant women and lactating women, and pregnant women absorbed more folic acid from supplements and more calcium from dairy.ConclusionsThe intakes of folic acid, vitamin A, iron and calcium of pregnant and lactating women were not enough, and indeed the main problem was micronutrients deficiency. The deficiency problem was severer in lactating women. Both the micronutrients intakes and food sources of micronutrients of lactating women were far less than pregnant women. Optimizing the dietary constitutes maybe the best way for nutritional intervention of Chinese pregnant and lactating women.Support or Funding InformationThere is no special funding.
Protective Effects of Fermented Milk with Selected Probiotics Against Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infections by Enhancement of Immunity of the Elderly: An Open‐Label Trial
Authors: Pu Fangfang , Guo Yue , He Fang , Zhu Hong , Wang Shijie , Shen Xi , He Miao , Li Ming 
Published: November 2023

Background and ObjectiveAgeing caused immunosenescence and malnutrition would down‐regulate the immunity of the elderly. Such changes in the immunity can greatly increase the susceptibilities to attack by infective agents. Recent studies have observed that some fermented milk containing special probiotics might enhance the host immunity by which to protect the elderly from the infections. This study was conducted to evaluate the possible influence of fermented milk containing a selected probiotics, Lactobacillus paracasei N1115 (N1115), on the susceptibility to acute upper respiratory tract infections(URTI) and related immune function in the middle‐aged and the elderly.MethodsVolunteers aged ≥45 years were recruited and selected by a three‐step screening test. The selected subjects were randomly assigned to intervention group and control group. The intervention group received fermented milk made from N1115 (3.6×107CFU/mL) 300mL per day for 12 weeks, while the control group could not intake any probiotics supplements. Information such as URTI symptoms, defecation, diet, exercise and antibiotic usage were recorded weekly. Blood samples were collected to test serum proteins, immunoglobulins and T cell subsets before and after intervention.ResultsCompared to the control group, both the number of persons diagnosed with an acute URTI and the number of URTI events were significantly higher in the intervention group (P=0.038, P=0.030, respectively). The risk of URTI in the intervention group was 55% of those in the control group evaluated (RR=0.55, 95%CI: 0.307~0.969). The change of percentage of CD3 cell subsets from baseline in intervention group was significantly higher than that of control group (P=0.038). Percentage of CD4 and CD8, immunoglobulin(Ig) A and IgM were almost the same in both groups (P>0.05). Additionally, there was no significant difference in total protein, albumin, globulin and prealbumin in two groups (P>0.05).ConclusionsFermented milk containing selected probiotic strain such as N1115 could enhance T cell mediated natural immune deference by which to reduce the risk of acute upper tract infections in the elderly.
Relationship Between Vitamin D Status and Cardio‐Metabolic Risk
Authors: Lopez Johanna , Campa Adriana , Huffman Fatma G , Liuzzi Juan P , Li Tan , Farooqi Ashar , Rasul Ammar , Simoes Herbert , Lantigua Laura , Atlas Steven , Konefal Janet , Woolger Judi , Lewis John 
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between vitamin D status, measured as serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), and markers of cardiac autonomic function, arterial stiffness and a composite cardio‐metabolic risk score (CMRS), using a novel non‐invasive system. The study enrolled 101 participants, and six were excluded due to missing data (n=95). Participants completed demographic and health history questionnaires, and assessments that included serum 25(OH)D, anthropometrics and CMRS computed by using the ANS‐1 software, which combines three devices (ES‐BC, TM‐Oxi and SudoPath) that use bioelectrical impedance, galvanic skin response, spectrophotometry and an oscillometric blood pressure device to measure body composition, endothelial function, and autonomic nervous system activity markers. Using spearman's correlations, independent t‐tests and multiple linear regressions we found that vitamin D insufficient participants (25(OH)D)<30ng/ml, n=44), compared to vitamin D sufficient individuals (>=30ng/ml, n=51), had significantly lower heart rate variability, and higher photoplethysmography analysis markers and CMRS. These results indicate that vitamin D insufficient participants had decreased cardio‐protective parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity, increased endothelian dyfunction markers and were thus, at higher risk of cardio‐metabolic risk, suggesting vitamin D may play a significant role in cardiovascular disease (CVD).Support or Funding InformationNone
The effect of a high fat meal containing a culinary dose of spices on postprandial endothelial function
Authors: Petersen Kristina S. , West Sheila G. , VanEvery Hannah L. , Oh Ester S. , Rogers Connie J. , Kris‐Etherton Penny M. 
Published: November 2023

Including large quantities of spices (>11g/meal) in a high fat meal blunts postprandial triglyceride levels, which may reduce vascular impairment. The effect of lower quantities of spices, found in many meals and recipes, has not been investigated. A 3‐period randomized controlled crossover study was conducted to investigate the effect of a high fat meal with spices on postprandial endothelial function, lipids/lipoproteins, immune function, and plasma markers of antioxidants and oxidative stress. In random order, participants consumed either a high fat meal (1000kcal, 45g fat) or a high fat meal containing 2g of spices or a high fat meal containing 6g of spices. Participants were overweight/obese, nonsmoking males with increased waist circumference (≥ 94 cm) and at least one other cardiovascular risk factor. After an overnight fast and following baseline flow mediated dilation (FMD) measurement and blood draw, participants consumed the test meal within 15 minutes. After meal consumption, blood was drawn hourly for 4 hours and FMD was measured at 2 and 4 hours. Results from three subjects who completed one visit are reported; the study will be completed in December 2016. Pre‐meal FMD was 4.48 ± 0.73 % and at 2 and 4 hours after meal consumption FMD was 2.69 ± 1.24% and 5.22 ± 2.93%. Although it is not possible to detect treatment effects at this time due to the small number of participants studied to date, the high fat meal did impair endothelial function at 2 hours. A very preliminary analysis shows FMD was higher at 4 hours after the meals with spices, compared with the high fat meal without spices. This study will demonstrate whether lower doses of spices ameliorate the lipemia and vascular impairment that occurs after a high fat meal.Support or Funding InformationThis study is funded by McCormick Science Institute
Quality Improvement Project in Veterans with Prediabetes Enrolled in a Diabetes Self‐Management Education Program
Authors: Wong Maggie , Lavani Rushi Bharat , Moy Matthew Winston , Julius Mary , Turcoliveri Maria , Cialdella‐Kam Lynn 
Published: November 2023

Veterans with prediabetes are referred to a Diabetes Self‐Management Education (DSME) to provide them with the skills, knowledge, and ability to adopt lifestyle behaviors that will prevent the onset of diabetes.PurposeTo evaluate the impact of goal setting and behavior changes on body weight (BW; kg), hemoglobin A1C (A1C; %), and systolic blood pressure (SBP; mmHg) in Veterans with prediabetes.MethodsSecondary data analysis was conducted on de‐identified data collected on Veterans with prediabetes who attended DSME at Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center. BW, SBP, and A1C were assessed pre‐ and post‐DSME and then compared as follows: 1) Behavior Changes: Veterans who followed the American Association of Diabetes Educators 7 (AADE7; n=16) self‐care behaviors vs. those who did not (C; n=40); 2) Goal Setting (Diet and Exercise): Veterans were grouped and compared according to goals of diet only (Diet, n=51), exercise only (Ex; n=34), diet and exercise (Diet+Ex; n=27), or control (i.e., no goals set; n=9); and 3) Goal Setting (Objective vs. Subjective): Veterans with objective (n=57; i.e., goals measured by changes in biomarkers) vs. subjective (n=27; i.e., goals measured by changes in lifestyle behaviors) goals. The changes in BW, A1C, and SBP were evaluated utilizing two‐way analysis of variance (Group × Time). Dunnett's Test was used to evaluate if goal setting groups (Diet, Ex, and Diet+Ex) differed from control.ResultsThe change in BW, A1C, and SBP were similar between AADE7 (change in BW=−1.3±4.9kg, A1C=−0.2±0.4%, and SBP=3±18mmHg) and C groups (change in BW=−1.9±7.8kg, A1C=−0.0±0.4%, and SBP=2±17mmHg; p>0.05). Goal setting choices for diet and exercise were not associated with changes in BW (Diet=−0.8±3.8kg, Ex=−1.1±3.7kg, Diet+Ex=−1.7±5.7kg, and control=−5.5±22.1kg; p>0.05) and A1C (Diet=−0.2±0.3%; Ex=0.0±0.3%; Diet+Ex=0.0±0.4%; and control=−0.1±0.2%; p>0.05). Lastly, the changes between the subjective group (change in A1C= −0.1±0.4%; BW= −2.2±20.3kg; SBP=2±32mmHg) and the objective group (change in A1C= −0.1±0.4%; BW= −2.2±7.4kg; SBP=1±17mmHg) were also similar (p>0.05).ConclusionBehavior changes and goal setting choices were not associated changes in BW, A1C, or SBP in Veterans with prediabetes participating in DSME program. The incorporation of self‐monitoring devices (e.g., fitness trackers and continuous glucose monitors). which provide immediate feedback, may aid Veteran with prediabetes in making recommended lifestyle changes to prevent the onset of diabetes.
The Effect of Dietary MUFA's on Resting Energy Expenditure in Individuals with Pre‐Diabetes
Authors: Swope Dana J , Huebner Grace , Brannan Rebecca , McCormick Samuel , Morgan‐Bathke Maria , Gibson Karen 
Published: November 2023

Research has revealed that there may be a positive association between increased monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) intake and increased resting energy expenditure (REE). Increases in REE could aid in weight loss, which is the most effective intervention to prevent the progression to T2DM. Results from this study will indicate whether or not increased MUFA intake is a valid dietary approach for improving REE in individuals with pre‐diabetes.In clinical practice, predictive equations are the most practical means to estimate a patient's REE. The most common equations are the Mifflin St. Joer and Harris Benedict equations, however reliability of the predictive equations remains unknown. This study aims to determine the accuracy of the REE predictive equations for the pre‐diabetic population.Study participants include adults ages 18–70, with a BMI of 25–45 kg/m2, that have been diagnosed with pre‐diabetes. Pre‐diabetic fasting blood glucose level is defined as 100–125 mg/dL. The REE was measured using the Cosmed and compared to the Mifflin St. Jeor and Harris Benedict predictive equation. This comparison will allow us to determine if the equation method provides an accurate REE estimate.Participants were split into an intervention group, who consumed 1 ½ ounces of pecans between 8am and 2pm daily for 8 weeks and a control group. The REE was measured pre and post intervention.The MUFA intervention did not significantly change REE measured via Cosmed. The mean measured REE pre MUFA intervention 1535.8 ± 386.1 and 1764.4 ± 594.2 post intervention. We found no significant correlation between Measured REE and the Mifflin St. Joer and the Harris Benedict predictive equations (r = 0.19, p = 0.29).While we did not find a significant difference, MUFA intake slightly increased REE in individuals with pre‐diabetes. A higher number of participants may yield a significant change in REE with daily MUFA intake, therefore providing an effective dietary approach to aid in weight loss of individuals with pre‐diabetes.The lack of correlation between both predictive equations and measured REE is substantial in practice. Predictive equations are used to determine caloric needs as a measure to induce weight loss. Inaccurate measurements will impede weight loss goals. Therefore, measured REE, rather than predicted REE, should be used in this population to aid in weight loss.Support or Funding InformationSummer Undergraduate Research FellowshipTexas Pecan Growers Association
Gamma‐Oryzanol in Rice Bran Oil Play a Significant Role in the Anti‐inflammatory Action by Modulating NF‐κB p65 Translocation and Reducing the Expression of Inflammatory Markers in Rat Peritoneal Macrophages
Authors: Yalagala Poorna Chandra Rao , Dhavamani Sugasini , Lokesh Belur R. 
Published: November 2023

Dietary Rice bran oil (RBO) is reported to exhibit anti‐inflammatory activity by inhibiting the activation of NF‐κB p65. However the role of γ‐Oryzanol (γ‐ORY), ferulic acid esters present in RBO in this process is not well established. To study this, male Wister rats were fed AIN‐93 diet containing RBO with γ‐ORY (RBO‐N), Minor Constituents Removed RBO (RBO‐MCR), RBO‐MCR supplemented with Unsaponifiable Fraction from Rice Bran Oil (UFRBO), RBO‐MCR supplemented with γ‐ORY, for a period of 60 days. The macrophages form rats fed a diet containing RBO with oryzanol or RBO –MCR supplemented with γ‐ORY or with UFRBO showed significant down‐regulation in the expression of NF‐κB p65, and that of inflammatory markers such as Matrix Metallo Proteases (MMP‐9) and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein (MCP‐1) as compared to those fed diet containing RBO‐MCR. The present study indicated that pure γ‐ORY or ORY present in unsaponifiable fraction of RBO contributes to the anti‐inflammatory action of dietary RBO by inhibiting the translocation of NF‐κB p65 and down‐regulating the levels pro‐inflammatory markers.Support or Funding InformationCSIR‐CFTRI
Antioxidant Effect of Açaí and Juçara Juice on Healthy Subjects
Authors: Di Pietro Patricia Faria , Cardoso Alyne Lizane , de Liz Sheyla , Farah Ana Carolina Aguiar , Vieira Francilene Gracieli Kunradi , Venske Débora Kurrle Rieger , da Silva Edson Luiz , de Assis Maria Alice Altenburg 
Published: November 2023

The genus Euterpe originates a specie of palm popularly known as juçara palm (Euterpe edulis). The juçara palm grows in the Atlantic Forest in Brazil. The fruits of juçara have sensorial and nutritional properties similar to açaí (Euterpe oleracea). Juçara and açaí are fruits rich in phenolic compounds, especially anthocyanins. Studies have shown that intake of fruits and vegetables rich in phenolic compounds attenuate oxidative stress state and may reduce the risk of developing chronic diseases. This study evaluates the effect of acute intake of juçara and açaí juices on oxidative stress biomarkers in eleven healthy volunteers in a cross‐over trial. Blood samples were collected before and after 1 and 2 hours of juçara juice, açaí or control drink (water). The biomarkers of oxidative stress analyzed were: glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS). The juçara and açaí juices decreased TOS significantly after 1h and 2h of ingestion. The CAT activity increased after 1h of juçara juice ingestion and after 2h after açaí consumption. Açaí juice was able to increase GPx activity significantly after 2h of ingestion, in relation to the baseline values. These results demonstrate a positive effect of juçara and acai juice intake on the antioxidant capacity and attenuation of oxidative damages in healthy individuals.Support or Funding InformationConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (MCT/CNPq 14/2012, number 483929/2012‐3 under the protocol number is 8454 189979648178)
Preliminary analysis of eight brands of green tea commercially available in Kuwait
Authors: Thomson Martha , Al‐Qattan Khaled K , Jayasree Divya , Ali Muslim 
Published: November 2023

Green tea is known for its beneficial effects and content of polyphenols. However, no data is available on the composition of the brands of green tea available in the Kuwaiti market. Limited analysis of components in 8 locally available brands of green tea was carried out. The analysis included total phenol content, bioactive polyphenols (catechins), caffeine and antioxidants, as well as analysis of ascorbic acid, fatty acids and trace metals. Total phenols ranged between 6.46–40.40 mg/g dry weight (DW). (−)‐epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and (−)‐epicatechin (EC) contents ranged from 162–654 and 78–386 mg/g DW, respectively. Magnesium was the major metal in all brands of green tea with heavy metals, such as cadmium having variable levels (0.7–15.4 mg/kg DW). Five fatty acids (palmitic, oleic, linoleic, 11‐eicosaenoic, cis‐15‐tetracosenoic) were found in most of the brands of green tea analyzed. Ascorbic acid levels ranged from 0.650 to 0.904 mg/g DW and total antioxidants were between 2.10 and 3.25 mmole/g DW. We report that the 2 brands of green tea having the highest levels of phenols, polyphenols and antioxidants are Al‐Wazzah and Lipton. The major catechin, EGCG, was purified by preparative HPLC and assessed for anti‐diabetic activity in streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic rats during a 4 week daily treatment experiment. EGCG (100 mg orally daily) was effective in limiting weight loss and lowering blood glucose levels of diabetic rats. In addition, EGCG was effective in decreasing polydipsia and hypertension typical of diabetic rats.Support or Funding InformationThe study was supported by KU grant #SL 01/15.
Conversion of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells into Cardiac Progenitor Cells for Heart Repair
Authors: Xuan Wanling , Ali Ailia , Ashraf Muhammad 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveCardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) may offer a promising avenue for cardiac repair due to their ability to proliferate and multiply. However, generating abundant and functional autologous CPCs for transplantation remains to be a significant challenge. Here, we explore a novel strategy for human CPCs generation from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in large numbers for their high reproducibility, high purity, and ease of production.Methods and ResultsWe screened for small molecules, which highly induced Nkx2.5 expression in Human iPSC cell line (ACS‐1021™) by RT‐PCR. A novel small molecule MD1 was identified, that dramatically induced the expression of CPCs related genes (Nkx2.5, GATA4, Tbx5, ISL‐1 and Mef2c) for 7‐day treatment in monolayer human iPSC. Briefly, monolayer iPSCs were cultured in RPMI/B27 minus insulin medium supplemented with MD1(20μM) for 7 days. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that cardiac transcription factors (Nkx2.5, GATA4 and ISL‐1) were highly expressed in hiPSC with MD1 treatment. FACS analysis showed that about 96.5±2.5% cells were Nkx2.5 positive in MD1 treated human iPSC. Furthermore, these Nkx2.5 positive cells were multipotent and directly differentiated into all three cardiovascular lineages, including cardiomyocytes (CMs), endothelia cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in basal differentiation conditions without any specific induction signaling molecules. These cardiac cells expressed CM‐, EC‐ and SMC‐specific proteins detected by immunofluorescence staining. FACS analysis revealed a high proportion of cardiac lineage cells from these induced CPC. We were able to obtain about 95.2±2.1% CMs, 90.3±2.5% ECs and 92.3±1.8% SMCs in basal differentiation medium respectively. In addition, we demonstrated the differentiated ECs exhibited a similar phenotype and function like primary ECs. Moreover, these induced CPCs exhibited cytoprotective effects under hypoxic condition.ConclusionWe successfully generated highly pure human CPCs in large numbers from iPSC by a single small molecule, which might be an efficient methodology for providing an unlimited source of cells for cardiac regeneration.Support or Funding InformationNIH grant HL126516