bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Framing, Being Framed, and the Janus Faces of Authority
Authors: Mahaffey Vicki 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, Stephen Dedalus is rep resented as a sensitive reader of cultural signs, trying to forge an identity for himself consistent with his patrimony. What he shows through his erratic behavior is that his fathers have bequeathed him not one but two mutually incompatible models of responding to righteous authority, and as the book progresses, we watch Stephen alternating helplessly between an obedient and a scornfully defiant response to the imperative to sacrifice himself for a communal cause. The reason that Stephen is powerless to detach himself from the pendulum swing of these two responses is that he never questions the major premise of authority: its idealization of ultimate transcendence. Stephen’s aim is to establish for himself an authority comparable to the authority he admires and resists, to see himself raised above his peers, and to resist any awareness of the universality—the commonness—of his feelings.
Beyond American
Authors: Spiro Peter J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If in fact the center of community is migrating to locations other than the state, then rights and responsibilities are going with it. What we think of as “public” issues may increasingly play out in nonstate settings. If so, it is in that direction, and away from the state, that theorists, decision makers, and the media should start to turn their sights, looking at other forms of association as meaningful in their own right, not just as objects of state regulation. Public intellectuals almost without exception take the nation as a given, as something that we should simply assume to be the critical institutional juncture of human interaction. Defined as government decision making, policy making has taken on fetishistic proportions, as if policy was the source of most evil and the potential engine of most correction, as if all of it can be played out on Sunday morning talk shows.
The Logic of Being in Thomas Aquinas
Authors: Weidemann Hermann 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Being acquainted with the familiar distinction between the “is” of existence, the “is” of predication, and the “is” of identity, which Hintikka has labeled “the Frege trichotomy” (pp. 433£), a modern student of Thomas Aquinas’s doctrine of being cannot fail to realize that this distinction, though it seems not to have been ignored by Aquinas, is overshadowed in his writings by another distinction between two semantically different uses of the verb “be”, which he borrows from Aristotle.
Aquinas on the Passions
Authors: King Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Following Aristotle’s lead, medieval philosophers generally accepted, first, a distinction between the cluster of principles and capacities that account for movement and sensation, known as the sensitive part of the soul, and the cluster of principles and capacities that account for thought and volition, known as the intellective part of the soul;’ and second, a distinction between the apparatus of powers whereby information about the world is acquired and assimilated, known as the cognitive or apprehensive potencies, and the apparatus of powers whereby one engages the world, known as the appetitive potencies.
Transitions: The Buddhist Intermediate State
Authors: Cuevas Bryan J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although we can cite evidence of a pervasive Buddhist orientation in the old Tibetan documents from Dunhuang on the subject of death and the afterlife, very little is known about the status of the Buddhist intermediate state (antarābhava) doctrine during Tibet’s imperial age (seventh through mid ninth century). We do know, however, that in Tibet the idea surfaces as a distinctive doctrine sometime during the early decades of the eleventh century among certain tantric groups. It seems that when the Indo-Buddhist inter mediate state theory entered the Tibetan religious arena from India, it had already been reconfigured and embellished as a distinctively tantric idea and, in Tibet, was initially absorbed into the indigenous socioreligious patterns that had survived the influx of Buddhism, only later to emerge as a thoroughly Tibetanized concept.
Prophecies of the Lotus Guru
Authors: Cuevas Bryan J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter and the next three chapters examine the Tibetan biographies of Karma Lingpa and of his principal disciples, exploring the early history of the transmission of the Self-Liberated Wisdom of the Peaceful and Wrathful Deities and the Great Liberation upon Hearing in the Bardo, considering the problems encountered in the various narrative accounts of this history with a speculative attempt at resolution, and concluding with the argument that the institutionalization of the liturgy of the Peaceful and Wrathful Deities was largely the responsibility of a fifteenth-century monk from southeastern Tibet named Gyarawa Namkha Chökyi Gyatso (b. 1430), the fourth lineage-holder of the Kading transmissions and grand-disciple of Karma Lingpa’ s son Nyida Chöje. It was this obscure monastic leader and holder of the abbatial throne of Menmo Tashi Gon who composed the largest number of commentaries and instruction manuals on the performance of the Karling rituals, as well as the earliest known history of the tradition.
A Tale of Fathers and Sons
Authors: Cuevas Bryan J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
According to the Religious History of Guru Tashi, in Padmasambhava’s pro nouncements before the royal court of Trhi Songdetsen he not only spoke of a discoverer named Karma but also introduced the prophecy of the coming of one who would be known as Nyida Sangye (Sun-Moon Buddha), elsewhere known as Ngödrup (Accomplished Adept). The anonymous author of the History of the Treasures interprets the following prophetic statement as a reference to this figure:
The Third Generation
Authors: Cuevas Bryan J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A confusion seems to have existed concerning the identity of Karma Lingpa’ s most immediate disciple(s). As we noted previously in chapter 6, several of the histories claim that Karma Lingpa appointed his father, Nyida Sangye, and his son, Nyida Choje, as the sole masters of the doctrine (chos-bdag). After the treasure revealer himself, the doctrine-master, also known as treasure-master (gter-bdag), is the most significant individual in the lineage, for it is he who preserves the tradition and insures that it is properly transmitted in the future. There are two types of doctrine-master depending on how the “mind-mandate transmission,” the actual entrustment (gtad-rgya) of the teaching, had been received from Padmasambhava.
Traditions in Central and Southern Tibet
Authors: Cuevas Bryan J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The historical preoccupation of the Tibetan religious schools with “spiritual genealogy,” to use a phrase of Franz-Karl Ehrhard, is most clearly represented in the genre of transmission records (gsan-yig, lit., “record of [teachings] heard”) or accession lists (thob-yig, lit., “record of [teachings] obtained”). These texts generally contain lists of the titles of written texts, verbal instructions, and ritual initiations obtained by an individual during his or her lifetime. In addition, they frequently record the entire line of disciples to whom the rites and teachings had previously been transmitted, and thus they provide essential information for scholars interested in textual and biographical history. Such genealogical records are also quite useful for tracing the transmission of religious disciplines and doctrines in Tibet.
The Land of Heroes Rajasthani Soli and Rajput Blood
Authors: Harlan Lindsey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As anyone who has glanced at the tourist literature on India doubtless knows, Rajasthan is famous for its martial heritage and traditions of heroic sacrifice. In the images offered for public consumption on the state’s web page, in the tourist pamphlets produced in India and abroad, in the copious collections of armor and antique weaponry displayed in public museums and private homes, and on the inscriptions and plaques on heroic monuments, Rajasthan’s military history finds current expression. Elegant havelis (urban mansions) and even modest homes sport decorative images of guardian figures with horses or elephants on entryway walls. The silhouettes of crenellated walls and crumbling battlements snake along the rocky Aravalli Hills, never letting the visitor forget that Rajasthan, literally “Land of Kings” is a space organized by centuries of martial challenge.
Heroic Story Slaughter and Glory
Authors: Harlan Lindsey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
With these lines from Gilbert and Sullivan’s operetta “The Pirates of Penzance,” delicate but spirited daughters of a “modem major general” cheer on faint-hearted policemen who ultimately lament, “when constabulary duty’s to be done ... a policeman’s lot is not a happy one.” Seeking to embolden reluctant “heroes” preparing to fight pirates, these maidens, who have previously described themselves as “hardy little lasses,” predict “death and slaughter” that will bring forth devotion from weeping “Comish daughters” and earn the policemen “immortality” in the form of “song and story.” Here, death in battle brings glory and immortality through song and story, as well as the promise of lifethe flora to arise from well-watered graves. A more concise summation of important principles of hero veneration, whether in Victorian England, ancient Greece, or contemporary India, could hardly be found.
Heroic Story Frames Liberation, Perfection, and Seclusion
Authors: Harlan Lindsey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Among Rajputs, dying as a warrior has long meant being the best one can be. The result of this accomplishment is realizing the ultimate. Death in battle brings not only glory and fame through song and story but also release from the round of rebirths that binds the vast majority of people. Thus sacrificed, the hero finds moksh, liberation from the travail that is human existence. Whether jhunjhmji, bhomiyaji, or sagasji, the hero finds himself transported to Virgati, “The Goal of Heroes,” a wondrous abode where he can delight for an eternity in “wine, women, and song.” At his disposal will be inebriants, dancing girls, musicians, and a host of other pleasures. Understood to be delivered from the world and ensconced in paradise, the hero is depicted as inarguably better off dead.
Catholics and Liberals
Authors: Jenkins Philip 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Writing on anti-Catholicism in the late 1970s, Andrew Greeley made a statement that seemed quite remarkable in the context of the time. Not only did this kind of bigotry still exist, he claimed, but “it may be even more vigorous now than it was twenty years ago.” Greeley was arguing that anti-Catholicism was actually more potent than it had been before the election of President Kennedy, the event that was commonly believed to have laid the ghost of nativism to rest for all time. Yet older prejudices had survived and were reinforced by grievances against the Church that were new, or at least newly redefined. While liberals had long been hostile to the Catholic Church, their distinctive issues now played the central role in defining anti-Catholic sentiment.
The Church Kills Gays
Authors: Jenkins Philip 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In addition to feminists, gay activists have been among the leading contemporary critics of Catholicism and the Church. Since the Church is so visibly opposed to so many gay political causes, it has become a symbol not only of repression, but also of hypocrisy, as it is accused of harboring within itself such a strong homoerotic culture. As with feminists, opposition to Catholicism has become a major component of gay political organization, a powerful symbol of “what we are fighting.” And as in the case of feminism, controversies over specific political issues have escalated to produce a much broader and more visceral kind of anti-Catholic polemic.
Catholics and the News Media
Authors: Jenkins Philip 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Though it retains many of its traditional characteristics, anti-Catholicism in modern America has changed many of its political overtones, with the decisive movement to the left-liberal end of the political spectrum. Equally significant is the shift in the means by which anti-Catholic rhetoric is generally expressed. In marked contrast to the situation fifty years ago, stridently anti-Catholic themes today are widely present in popular culture and the popular media. This does not necessarily mean that the sentiments themselves are any more powerful than in bygone days, but the overt way in which they are expressed in mainstream media is novel.
“The Perp Walk of Sacramental Perverts”
Authors: Jenkins Philip 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Long-standing media hostility to the Catholic Church was expressed in singularly frank terms in 2002, during what was commonly (and mis-leadingly) called the nation’s “pedophile priest” crisis. Even reputable news outlets presented a picture of a Catholic priesthood heavily infiltrated by perverts and child molesters, whose activities were treated so mildly by their superiors that the bishops themselves were virtually accomplices. This awful picture gave the opportunity for the widespread public expression of grotesquely anti-Catholic and anti-clerical sentiments and the revival of every ancient stereotype—even the sale of indulgences. News stories and cartoons revived and even exceeded the nineteenth-century propaganda of Nast and the rest.
Catholics in Movies and Television
Authors: Jenkins Philip 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Since entertainment companies are often part of the same corporate networks that control the news, it is not surprising that Catholicism also receives quite hostile treatment in movies and television. What is remarkable, perhaps, is that the torrent of anti-Catholic imagery stirs so little comment. Because film has been such a powerful cultural force over the past century, many academics have turned their attention to the medium. In historical studies of the cinema, one powerful theme has been that of stereotypes and how American films in particular have dealt with various groups that have been viewed as unpopular or suspect. We now have shelves of studies on the treatment of blacks, Jews, Latinos, Native Americans, Asian-Americans, homosexuals, and so on.
Arm’d for Virtue
Authors: Yu Christopher 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To broach the topic of Pope’s political commitments is to venture onto slippery ground. Much of the difficulty of defining his allegiances by means of the standard party labels stems from the poet’s air of skeptical ambivalence toward ideology per se, as his famous self-description from his imitation of Horace’s Satire 2. I makes clear: “In Moderation placing all my Glory, / While Tories call me Whig, and Whigs a Tory” ( The First Satire of the Second Book of Horace Imitated, 67–68). Dustin Griffin recently has noted that it has become something of a critical convention to describe Pope broadly as a “Tory satirist,” or else as a Stuart supporter and anti-Hanoverian, or yet otherwise as a member of the Patriot cause supporting Frederick, prince of Wales, against the Whig oligarchy headed by Robert Walpole. Griffin quickly adds, however, that “it might be more accurate to regard Pope as a writer who, throughout his career, aspired to serve the state as ‘My Country’s Poet,’ but who-even from the beginning-looked with some ambivalence at the prospect of joining the patriot with the poet.”
Teaching Freud in the Language of Our Students: The Case of a Religiously Affiliated Undergraduate Institution
Authors: Jonte-Pace Diane 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If the psychoanalyst must speak in the language of the patient, we, the teachers of Freud and religion, surely must teach in the language of our students. Who is Freud-and what is religion-in this language? The answer depends in part on academic context: Freud is taught in religious studies departments at public universities, private unaffiliated colleges, and religiously affiliated seminaries, colleges, and universities. This essay describes a course on “Religion in the Theories of Freud and Jung” at a religiously affiliated West Coast university with approximately four thousand undergraduate students.
Teaching Freud in Religion and Culture Courses: A Dialogical Approach
Authors: Ross Mary Ellen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Those of us who teach undergraduate classes on religion are engaged in an exceedingly complex enterprise, and the introduction of psychoanalytic frameworks into our courses does little to diminish the complexity. How, after all, are we to do justice to the depth and richness of religious phenomena-symbols, rituals, languages-while at the same time introducing students in a rigorous fashion to psychoanalysis and the ways in which we might draw on and develop this tradition to help explain or clarify religious beliefs and practices? The task is made no easier by the fact that students bring with them many misperceptions about religion and equally fuzzy notions (often quite negative ones) about psychoanalysis. But we needn’t despair. My own strategy at a liberal arts institution has been to approach the materials in a largely convecsational manner, one that allows upper-division undergraduates (even those who are at first quite resistant) an important role in a discovery of the richness of both the religious and the psychoanalytic materials. Though I begin the class with an introduction to Freud’s hermeneutics and his notion of the unconscious, the majority of the assignments are designed to have students approach the psychoanalytic study of religion through Freud’s cultural texts.
Teaching Freud’s Teachings
Authors: Dittes James E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What do we want to teach when we set out to “teach Freud”? From the rich melange of themes and texts and biographies and commentaries and cases, from the prodigal Freudian legacy, what does one choose to render “Freud”? How do we decide? What criteria do we use for determining what material is “Freud”?
Editor’s Notes to the Welles Interview
Authors: Rosenbaum Jonathan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Given the virtually mythological status of Citizen Kane in Welles ‘s career, it isn ‘t surprising that it has generated by far the most debate of all his films. Two publications in particular should be cited: “Raising Kane,” by Pauline Kael, which appeared originally in two successive issues of the New Yorker (February 20 and 27, 1971) and then as a lengthy preface to the script, published later the same year (The “Citizen Kane” Book, Boston: Atlantic/Little, Brown, and Robert L. Carringer ‘s The Makins of “Citizen Kane” (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985). Kael ‘s essay was replied to at length by Bogdanovich and Welles in a point-by point refutation published by Bogdanovich as “The Kane Mutiny” in Esquire (October 1972), which included certain portions of the previous interview. Other rebuttals included Ted Gilling ‘s interviews with George Coulouris and Bernard Herrmann in Sisht and Sound (Spring 1972), polemics by Joseph McBride (Film Heritase, Fall 1971) and myself (Film Comment, Spring 1972 and Summer 1972), and remarks in the Welles biographies by Barbara Leaming (Orson Citizen Kane enjoyed a spectacular critical reception. American novelist John O ‘Hara, writing for Time magazine, said quite simply that it was the best motion picture he had ever seen. ‘ Other serious reviewers in this country didn ‘t debate whether or not it was unusually good, but whether or not it was a great, even revolutionary, achievement. Meanwhile, Kane was the subject of considerable controversy in Hollywood; it was nominated for nine Academy Awards but received only one, for best original screenplay by Herman Mankiewicz and Orson Welles, who were booed by detractors at the award ceremony.
Style and Meaning in Citizen Kane
Authors: Naremore James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
According To Orson Welles ‘s one-time producer John Houseman, Welles was “at heart a magician, whose particular talent [lay] not so much in his creative imagination (which is considerable) as in his proven ability to stretch the familiar elements of theatrical effect far beyond their normal point of tension.” ‘ Left-handed as the compliment may seem, Welles was, among other things, a professional magician (“You know an awful lot of tricks,” Susan Alexander says to Charles Foster Kane during their first meeting, as he casts shadows on the wall to amuse her. “You ‘re not a professional magician, are your”), and his movies delight in visible trickery. In Citizen Kane, for example, the camera moves in to a close-up of a group photograph of the Chronicle staff while Kane talks about what good men they are; suddenly Kane walks right into the photo, and as the camera pulls back from the assembled journalists we find ourselves at an Inquirer party six years later. Such moments draw upon a cinema of plea-Citizen Kane enjoyed a spectacular critical reception. American novelist John O ‘Hara, writing for Time magazine, said quite simply that it was the best motion picture he had ever seen. ‘ Other serious reviewers in this country didn ‘t debate whether or not it was unusually good, but whether or not it was a great, even revolutionary, achievement. Meanwhile, Kane was the subject of considerable controversy in Hollywood; it was nominated for nine Academy Awards but received only one, for best original screenplay by Herman Mankiewicz and Orson Welles, who were booed by detractors at the award ceremony.
Peruvian Traditions
Authors: Palma Ricardo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Peruvian author Ricardo Palma (1838-1919) was one of the most popular and imitated writers in Latin America during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. As head of the National Library in Lima, Palma had access to a rich source of historical books and manuscripts. His historical miscellanies, which he called “traditions,” are witty anecdotes about conquerors, viceroys, corrupt and lovelorn friars, tragic loves and notorious characters. Humor, irony and word play characterize his collection of over five hundred traditions written between 1872 and 1906, whether describing violent deeds or amorous misadventures. Unlike many of his contemporaries in the second half of the nineteenth century, Palma did not write transparent didactic fictions and defend elite cultural forms. Rather, he reveled in ironic approaches to written sources, political authorities and church institutions as well as popular speech and knowledge. Both fiction and history, Palma’s delightful Peruvian Traditions represents a hybrid literary form that constructs historical memory distinct from the dominant literary trends of the time.
The Inca’s Achirana
Authors: Palma Ricardo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1412 the Inca Pachacutec, accompanied by his son the imperial prince Yupanqui and his brother Capac-Yupanqui, undertook the Conquest of the Valley of lea, whose inhabitants, though peace loving by nature, lacked neither the resources nor the army to wage war. That was the wise monarch’s understanding, and before resorting to arms he proposed to the Iquefios that they submit to his paternal government. The latter willingly agreed, and the Inca and his 40,000 warriors were cordially and splendidly received by the ICans.