bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction to the modeling of complex chemical reaction equilibrium using gPROMS® and GAMS®
Authors: Garma Raoudha , Sioud Doniazed , Binous Housam , Bellagi Ahmed 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn the present paper several aspects of the simulation of complex chemical equilibrium are discussed, using two research and educational software: gPROMS® and GAMS®. All computations are performed to boost the understanding of chemical engineering students, undergraduate, and graduate, of the complex concepts behind both thermo‐chemical processes and optimization techniques. Four case studies with varying levels of difficulty illustrate the proposed methodology and robustness of the modeling systems:

Catalytic steam reforming of bio‐ethanol at high temperatures.
Partial oxidation of naphthalene using either air or pure oxygen.
Supercritical water gasification of Microalga Spirulina.
Dry and mixed reforming of glucose.Our results indicate that the use of optimization tools offered bygPROMS® and GAMS®software are useful and efficient tools to calculate the chemical and phase equilibrium by minimizing the Gibbs energy, provided that adequate initial guesses are used. Furthermore, the computational time spent in the calculations was generally quite short. The obtained equilibrium compositions are benchmarked using the ubiquitous process simulators: ASPEN‐Plus® and/or ASPEN‐Hysys® as well as data available from the open literature. We obtained excellent agreement between our results and their counterpart obtained using ASPEN‐Plus®. In the last part of this manuscript, authors share their experience in supervising senior term projects on the subject. A questionnaire was used to collect qualitative and quantitative feedback from the nine students involved in the projects. Their responses to a questionnaire focused on the chemical engineering thermodynamics theory as well as software usage during their investigations. This questionnaire demonstrates that students can overcome mathematical complexity by either using mathematical software or equivalent modeling systems (e.g.,
Matlab®,
Mathematica©, gPROMS®, and GAMS®).
Impact of Fermentation on the Phytochemical Content and Biological Properties of Moringa oleifera Lam. Shoot Teas
Authors: Ezekiel Adekoya Ademola , Chika Eze Roseline , Ezechukwu Okpara Kingsley , Nwude Eze Fredrick 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis work examined the variation in chemical and biological properties of Moringa oleifera Lam. shoot (MOS) teas prepared under different degrees of fermentation, viz: non‐fermented, semi‐fermented and fermented. The chemical composition was ascertained via FTIR, GC‐MS, total phenolic and total flavonoid content. Also determined were the biological properties, including antioxidant, antimicrobial and alpha‐amylase inhibitory activities. The data confirmed that MOS teas were rich in phenolic and flavonoid compounds, with fermented MOS tea displaying the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents. With respect to antioxidant property, all tea extracts exhibited good radical scavenging activities against DPPH⋅, ABTS⋅+ and NO⋅, and the radical scavenging capacity was in the order of non‐fermented>semi‐fermented>fermented MOS teas. The same trend was also observed for the antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. In contrast, the fermented MOS tea exhibited better α‐amylase inhibitory activity compared to the non‐fermented and semi‐fermented MOS teas.
Growth rate per year of a soft tissue recurrent ameloblastoma
Authors: Martins Chaves Roberta Rayra , Castro Wagner Henriques , Gomez Ricardo Santiago 
Published: January 2024

Clinical Key MessageWe present a case of recurring ameloblastoma in soft tissue, for which we have estimated the growth rate of the lesion. This information could help clinicians to establish follow‐up protocols for the early diagnosis of recurrent ameloblastomas.AbstractIn the present paper, we present a case of recurring ameloblastoma in soft tissue, for which we have estimated the growth rate of the lesion. The area of the whole resected specimen was measured using the ImageJ guide for complex object area. After dividing the area of the recurrent tumor by the number of years during the follow‐up, we found that the lesion growth rate was 5.3 cm2 per year. Although further studies are still necessary in the literature to assess the growth rate of ameloblastoma, the present report shows a different methodology to estimate it. This information could help clinicians to establish follow‐up protocols for the early diagnosis of recurrent ameloblastomas.
Femoral head avascular necrosis of in a young cushingoid opium addicted patient in the context of new combined opioid substance with corticosteroids
Authors: Khabbazi Alireza , Hajialiloo Mehrzad , Niafar Mitra , Tahsini Tekantapeh Sepideh 
Published: January 2024

Key Clinical MessageAVN should be considered in addicted to oral opium patient without history of glucocorticoid consumption who present with pelvic pain, due to recent reports of the illegal and secret addition of glucocorticoid in new combination substance with opium.
Array of Interdigitated Bipolar Electrodes for Selective Capture and Analysis of Melanoma Cells
Authors: Borchers Janis S. , Clark Morgan J. , Van Scoy Savanah B. , Anand Robbyn K. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe report a method for dielectrophoretic capture of melanoma cells and their electrochemical analysis for tumor‐specific markers, using a microfluidic device composed of microwells overlying an array of interdigitated bipolar electrodes (IDBPEs). In this device, cells are captured on each IDBPE by dielectrophoresis, and microfabricated wells allow for retention of the cells to enable their subsequent electrochemical analysis. This advancement is significant because it addresses a need for cancer diagnostics with few‐ to single‐cell resolution amenable to use in low‐resource settings. Specifically, this approach combines the selectivity of dielectrophoresis for cell phenotype, the low cost of electrochemical methods, and the ability of BPEs to be arrayed, with the sensitivity afforded by interdigitation. The IDBPE detects a redox‐active species produced by an enzyme‐linked antibody targeted to a cell surface antigen, and reports the current by electrochemiluminescence. In this work, we first characterize cell capture by dielectrophoresis at the IDBPE array. Second, the retention of cells in the microwells and their viability is demonstrated. Then, the sensitivity of the IDBPE for the redox‐active species is quantified. Finally, we demonstrate capture and analysis of melanoma cells at the IDBPE array, which underscores the ability of the IDBPE to achieve biologically relevant detection limits.
Sterically Congested Protecting Group for a Boronyl Group in Iterative Aminations
Authors: Nojiri Takaki , Tsuchiya Naoki , Nishikata Takashi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this study, we found that the sterically bulky α‐hydroxycarboxamide moiety is a suitable framework for protecting the boronyl group of boron reagents during aminations. Condensation of α‐hydroxycarboxamide with ArB(OH)2 produced aryloxazaborolidinone (ArOxB). The reactivity of the C‐B bond in ArOxB is easily controlled by the steric and weak electronic effects of the backbone. H2N‐(or Br−)ArOxB underwent Chan‐Evans‐Lam (C‐E‐L) or Buchwald‐Hartwig (B‐H) amination with retaining the C−B bond. On the other hand, direct C‐E‐L amination of ArOxB was also possible in an oxidative atmosphere, in which the C−B bond was activated by CuII species. Our methodology is effective for the precise synthesis of two or more arylamino group substituted arenes.
Electroreduction of CO2 on Cu, Fe, or Ni‐doped Diamane Sheets: A DFT Study
Authors: Zhang Hongping , Zhang Run , Hu Shuchun , Yang Kun , Sun Chenghua , Wang Qingyuan , Tang Youhong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPoor mass transfer behavior and inherent activity limit the efficiency of traditional catalysts in electrocatalyzing carbon dioxide reduction reactions. However, the development of novel nanomaterials provides new strategies to solve the above problems. Herein, we propose novel single‐metal atom catalysts, namely diamane‐based electrocatalysts doped with Cu, Fe, and Ni, explored through density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We thoroughly investigated the doping pattern and energetics for different dopants. Furthermore, we systematically investigated the conversion process of CO2 to C1 or C2+ products, utilizing the free energy analysis of reaction pathways. Our results reveal that dopants could only be introduced into diamane following a specific pattern. Dopants significantly enhance the CO2 adsorption ability of diamane, with Fe and Ni proving notably more effective than Cu. After CO2 adsorption, Cu‐ and Fe‐doped diamane prefer to catalyze CO2RR, while Ni‐doped diamane favors hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The C−C coupling reaction on Cu‐hollow diamane, Cu‐bridge diamane, and Fe‐hollow diamane tends to be from C2+ products. Among all examined catalysts, Cu‐hollow diamane shows better electro‐catalytic performance. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of and contributes to the development of diamane‐based electro‐catalysts for CO2RR.
Characteristics of mucin hypersecretion in different inflammatory patterns based on endotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Zhai Zhaoxue , Shao Liting , Lu Zhaoyang , Yang Yujuan , Wang Jianwei , Liu Zhen , Wang Huikang , Zheng Yang , Lu Haoran , Song Xicheng , Zhang Yu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is usually accompanied by mucin hypersecretion that can lead to mucus accumulation and impair nasal mucociliary clearance, thus exacerbating airway inflammation. Abnormal mucin hypersecretion is regulated by different T helper (Th) cytokines, which are associated with different endotype‐driven inflammatory responses. Therefore, it is of great significance to understand how these factors regulate mucin hypersecretion to provide precise treatment strategies for different endotypes of CRS.BodyThus far, the most common endotypes of CRS are classified as type 1, type 2, or type 3 immune responses based on innate and adaptive cell‐mediated effector immunity, and the representative Th cytokines in these immune responses, such as IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐13, IL‐10, IL‐17, and IL‐22, play an important regulatory role in mucin secretion. We reviewed all the related literature in the PubMed database to determine the expression of these Th cytokines in CRS and the role they play in the regulation of mucin secretion.ConclusionWe believe that the main Th cytokines involved in specific endotypes of CRS play a key role in regulating abnormal mucin secretion, which contributes to better understanding of the pathogenesis of CRS and provides therapeutic targets for airway inflammatory diseases associated with mucin hypersecretion.
Unpacking the stress of 2020: Black Americans cope with systemic trauma
Authors: Williams Tiffany R. , Bass Jeffery E. , Swain Morgan , Jennings Dana , Wyatt Whitney N. , Foster Shakeira 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe year 2020 was a challenging and traumatic year for Americans, especially Black Americans. Many Black people quickly succumbed to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19). This paper describes systemic trauma as a lens to conceptualize the effects of COVID‐19, racial stress and trauma, and grief. A recount of the events during the year 2020 is reviewed. Racism towards Black people was at an all‐time high. Complicated and collective grief was ever‐present. As a by‐product of COVID‐19, economic and health disparities resurfaced to further complicate Black people's well‐being. Systemic trauma is described as a comprehensive and inclusive framework that captures the intensity and depth of the trauma Black Americans experienced. We argue that culturally appropriate interventions are needed to help Black people continue to heal from the distress of 2020. Race‐informed trauma treatment is a culturally appropriate intervention that facilitates healing, improves the quality of life, and fosters posttraumatic growth for Black Americans. We offer race‐informed treatment as a theoretical orientation that can facilitate healing and posttraumatic growth for Black people.
The effectiveness of interpersonal psychotherapy versus cognitive behavioural therapy for eating disorders: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Kaiyuan , Xie Qihang , Fan Chuan , Hu Xinyang , Lei Jianxiang , Kong Jiacheng , Liang Meng , Luo Jingyi , Li Xiaoming 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveInterpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) has been proposed as a treatment strategy for eating disorders (EDs). However, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is the treatment more widely used than IPT.MethodOur study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in order to compare the effectiveness of IPT with CBT in treating eating disorders (EDs). To achieve this goal, we conducted a comprehensive search on PubMed, Embase, Medline, Cochrane, Web of Science, and the Clinical Trials Database for RCTs that compared the effectiveness of IPT with CBT in treating EDs.ResultsAfter reviewing 468 potential studies, we selected 10 suitable for our meta‐analysis, which included 833 participants. Results showed that both IPT and CBT had similar effects on the primary outcome measure (i.e., ED score) (SMD = 0.08). However, IPT had a more significant effect on the secondary outcome measure (i.e., Inventory of Interpersonal Problems) (SMD = 0.32) compared to CBT. Additionally, IPT had a better treatment effect for individuals with EDs who had a lower body mass index (SMD = 0.27) and were younger (SMD = 0.43) than those receiving CBT. Both IPT and CBT demonstrated follow‐up effects at pretest and after follow‐up periods of less than 6 months (SMD = 1.61, 1.83), between 6 and 12 months (SMD = 1.48, 1.65), and greater than 12 months (SMD = 1.29, 1.33). However, only CBT demonstrated a dose–response relationship trend (β = 0.017, p = 0.067).ConclusionsThe meta‐analysis yielded compelling evidence that IPT is an effective treatment for individuals with EDs. However, the review highlights the need for future research to further elucidate the effects of IPT on ED treatment.
Control of edge plasma by plate biasing in SOLPS‐ITER modeling
Authors: Rozhansky V. A. , Shirobokov A. A. , Kaveeva E. G. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe effect of differential biasing of the divertor plates in a tokamak is analyzed using SOLPS‐ITER modeling with account of drifts and currents in the SOL. The ASDEX‐Upgrade like geometry and transport parameters adjusted for modeling of the semi‐detached nitrogen‐seeded plasma of shot #28903 are used in analysis. The additional voltage is applied to the outer divertor plate with respect to the grounded vacuum chamber and the inner divertor plate. When high negative voltage is applied, the high field side high density region almost disappears and the divertor plates become more symmetrical than without biasing, while in the case with positive voltage, the formation of the X‐point radiator begins, and both divertor plates become more detached. The results are qualitatively consistent with the experiments conducted on the JFT‐2 M and DIII‐D tokamaks. In addition, both signs of the applied voltage lead to a significant redistribution of the nitrogen within the SOL. Therefore, the possibility of edge plasma control by biasing is demonstrated.
Triglyceride‐glucose index's link to cardiovascular outcomes post‐percutaneous coronary intervention in China: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Sun ChangXin , Hu LanQing , Li XiaoYa , Zhang XiaoNan , Chen JiYe , Li DeXiu , Zhang JingYi , Liu LongTao , Wu Min 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPercutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) addresses myocardial ischaemia, but a significant subset of patients encounter major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) post‐treatment. This meta‐analysis investigated the relationship between the post‐PCI triglyceride‐glucose (TyG) index and MACE. Comprehensive searches of the Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were conducted up to 3 March 2023, using relevant keywords. The effect size was determined based on I2 statistic using random‐effects models. Cluster‐robust standard errors crafted the dose–response curve, and the GRADE Evaluation Scale was employed to rate the quality of evidence. The group with the highest TyG index had significantly higher post‐PCI MACE rates than the lowest index group, with hazard ratios (HRs) of 2.04 (95% CI 1.65–2.52; I2 = 77%). Each unit increase in TyG index corresponded to HRs of 1.82 for MACE (95% CI 1.34–2.46; I2 = 92%), 2.57 for non‐fatal MI (95% CI 1.49–4.41; I2 = 63%), and 2.06 for revascularization (95% CI 1.23–3.50; I2 = 90%). A linear relationship between TyG index and MACE risk was established (R2 = 0.6114). For all‐cause mortality, the HR was 1.93 (95% CI 1.35–2.75; I2 = 50%), indicating a higher mortality risk with elevated TyG index. The GRADE assessment yielded high certainty for non‐fatal MI but low certainty for all‐cause mortality, revascularization, and MACE. The TyG index may predict risks of post‐PCI MACE, all‐cause mortality, non‐fatal MI, and revascularization, with varied levels of certainty. A potential linear association between the TyG index and MACE post‐PCI was identified. Future research should validate these findings.
Sodium loading in ambulatory patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: Mechanistic insights into sodium handling
Authors: Dauw Jeroen , Meekers Evelyne , Martens Pieter , Deferm Sébastien , Dhont Sebastiaan , Marchal Wouter , Mesotten Liesbeth , Dupont Matthias , Nijst Petra , Tang W.H. Wilson , Janssens Stefan P. , Mullens Wilfried 
Published: January 2024

AimsSodium restriction was not associated with improved outcomes in heart failure patients in recent trials. The skin might act as a sodium buffer, potentially explaining tolerance to fluctuations in sodium intake without volume overload, but this is insufficiently understood. Therefore, we studied the handling of an increased sodium load in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).Methods and resultsTwenty‐one ambulatory, stable HFrEF patients and 10 healthy controls underwent a 2‐week run‐in phase, followed by a 4‐week period of daily 1.2 g (51 mmol) sodium intake increment. Clinical, echocardiographic, 24‐h urine collection, and bioelectrical impedance data were collected every 2 weeks. Blood volume, skin sodium content, and skin glycosaminoglycan content were assessed before and after sodium loading. Sodium loading did not significantly affect weight, blood pressure, congestion score, N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide, echocardiographic indices of congestion, or total body water in HFrEF (all p > 0.09). There was no change in total blood volume (4748 ml vs. 4885 ml; p = 0.327). Natriuresis increased from 150 mmol/24 h to 173 mmol/24 h (p = 0.024), while plasma renin decreased from 286 to 88 μU/L (p = 0.002). There were no significant changes in skin sodium content, total glycosaminoglycan content, or sulfated glycosaminoglycan content (all p > 0.265). Healthy controls had no change in volume status, but a higher increase in natriuresis without any change in renin.ConclusionsSelected HFrEF patients can tolerate sodium loading, with increased renal sodium excretion and decreased neurohormonal activation.
Myocardial perfusion in cardiac amyloidosis
Authors: Chacko Liza , Kotecha Tushar , Ioannou Adam , Patel Niket , Martinez‐Naharro Ana , Razvi Yousuf , Patel Rishi , Massa Paolo , Venneri Lucia , Brown James , Porcari Aldostefano , Knott Kristopher , Manisty Charlotte , Knight Daniel , Lockie Tim , Rakhit Roby , Lachmann Helen , Wechelakar Ashutosh , Whelan Carol , Ponticos Markella , Moon James , González Arantxa , Gilbertson Janet , Riefolo Mattia , Leone Ornella , Xue Hui , Hawkins Philip , Kellman Peter , Gillmore Julian , Fontana Marianna 
Published: January 2024

AimsCardiac involvement is the main driver of clinical outcomes in systemic amyloidosis and preliminary studies support the hypothesis that myocardial ischaemia contributes to cellular damage. The aims of this study were to assess the presence and mechanisms of myocardial ischaemia using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) with multiparametric mapping and histopathological assessment.Methods and resultsNinety‐three patients with cardiac amyloidosis (CA) (light‐chain amyloidosis n = 42, transthyretin amyloidosis n = 51) and 97 without CA (three‐vessel coronary disease [3VD] n = 47, unobstructed coronary arteries n = 26, healthy volunteers [HV] n = 24) underwent quantitative stress perfusion CMR with myocardial blood flow (MBF) mapping. Twenty‐four myocardial biopsies and three explanted hearts with CA were analysed histopathologically. Stress MBF was severely reduced in patients with CA with lower values than patients with 3VD, unobstructed coronary arteries and HV (CA: 1.04 ± 0.51 ml/min/g, 3VD: 1.35 ± 0.50 ml/min/g, unobstructed coronary arteries: 2.92 ± 0.52 ml/min/g, HV: 2.91 ± 0.73 ml/min/g; CA vs. 3VD p = 0.011, CA vs. unobstructed coronary arteries p < 0.001, CA vs. HV p < 0.001). Myocardial perfusion abnormalities correlated with amyloid burden, systolic and diastolic function, structural parameters and blood biomarkers (p < 0.05). Biopsies demonstrated abnormal vascular endothelial growth factor staining in cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells, which may be related to hypoxia conditions. Amyloid infiltration in intramural arteries was associated with severe lumen reduction and severe reduction in capillary density.ConclusionCardiac amyloidosis is associated with severe inducible myocardial ischaemia demonstrable by histology and CMR stress perfusion mapping. Histological evaluation indicates a complex pathophysiology, where in addition to systolic and diastolic dysfunction, amyloid infiltration of the epicardial arteries and disruption and rarefaction of the capillaries play a role in contributing to myocardial ischaemia.