bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water‐Soluble Triazolium Covalent Cages for ATP Sensing
Authors: Maji Suman , Samanta Jayanta , Natarajan Ramalingam 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWater‐soluble organic cages are attractive targets for their molecular recognition and sensing features of biologically relevant molecules. Here, we have successfully designed and synthesized a pair of water‐soluble cationic cages employing click reaction as the fundamental step followed by the N‐methylation of the triazole rings. The rigid and shape‐persistent 3D hydrophobic cavity, positively charged surface, H‐bonding triazolium rings, and excellent water solubility empower both cages to exhibit a superior affinity and selectivity for binding with adenosine‐5’‐triphosphate (ATP) compared to cyclophanes and other macrocyclic receptors. Both cage molecules (PCC⋅Cl and BCC⋅Cl) can bind a highly emissive dye HPTS (8‐hydroxypyrene‐1,3,6‐trisulfonic acid trisodium salt) to form non‐fluorescent complexes. The addition of ATP resulted in the stronger cage⊂ATP complexes with the retention of HPTS emission upon its displacement. The resultant indicator‐displacement assay system can efficiently sense and quantify ATP in nanomolar detection limits in buffer solutions and human serum matrix. Spectroscopic and theoretical studies revealed the synergistic effect of π⋅⋅⋅π stacking interaction between the aromatic moiety of the cationic cages and the adenine moiety of ATP, as well as the electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interaction between the phosphate anion of ATP and triazole protons of cages, played the pivotal roles in the sensing process.
Cerium Oxide Catalyzed Disproportionation of Hydrogen Peroxide: A Closer Look at the Reaction Intermediate
Authors: Finocchiaro Giusy , Ju Xiaohui , Mezghrani Braham , Berret Jean‐François 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs) have recently gained increasing interest as redox enzyme‐mimetics to scavenge the intracellular excess of reactive oxygen species, including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Despite the extensive exploration, there remains a notable discrepancy regarding the interpretation of observed redshift of UV‐Visible spectroscopy due to H2O2 addition and the catalase‐mimicking mechanism of CNPs. To address this question, we investigated the reaction mechanism by taking a closer look at the reaction intermediate during the catalase mimicking reaction. In this study, we present evidence demonstrating that in aqueous solutions, H2O2 adsorption at CNP surface triggers the formation of stable intermediates known as cerium‐peroxo (Ce‐O22−) and/or cerium‐hydroperoxo (Ce‐OOH−) complexes as resolved by Raman scattering and UV‐Visible spectroscopy. Polymer coating presents steric hinderance for H2O2 accessibility to the solid‐liquid interface limiting further intermediate formation. We demonstrate in depth that the catalytic reactivity of CNPs in the H2O2 disproportionation reaction increases with the Ce(III)‐fraction and decreases in the presence of polymer coatings. The developed approach using UV‐Visible spectroscopy for the characterization of the surface peroxide species can potentially serve as a foundation for determining the catalytic reactivity of CNPs in the disproportionation of H2O2.
Plant Sample Collection and Shipment for Multi‐omic Analyses and Phytosanitary Evaluation
Authors: Karakas Esra , Ferrante Paola , Schafleitner Roland , Giuliano Giovanni , Fernie Alisdair R. , Alseekh Saleh 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPlant sample preparation for analyses is a fundamental step in high‐throughput omics strategies. Especially for plant metabolomics, quenching of hydrolytic enzymes able to affect metabolite concentrations is crucial for the accuracy of results. Given that DNA is usually less labile than metabolites, most sampling and shipment procedures able to preserve the metabolome are also suitable for preventing the degradation of plant DNA or of DNA of pathogens in the plant tissue. In this article, we describe all the steps of sample collection, shipment (including the phytosanitary issues of moving plant samples), and processing for combined genomics and metabolomics from a single sample, as well as the protocols used in our laboratories for downstream approaches for crop plants, allowing collection of multi‐omic datasets in large experimental setups. The protocols have been adjusted to apply to both freeze‐dried and fresh‐frozen material to allow the processing of crop plant samples that will require long‐distance transport. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Preparation of freeze‐dried leaf disks for multiplexed PCR or DArT‐Seq genotypingBasic Protocol 2: Medium‐throughput preparation of pathogen‐free nucleic acids for most genotyping‐resequencing applications or pathogen detectionAlternate Protocol: Low‐throughput extraction of high‐quality DNA for resequencing using commercial kitsSupport Protocol: DNA quality controlBasic Protocol 3: Preparation of freeze‐dried plant material for metabolomicsBasic Protocol 4: Preparation of fresh‐frozen plant material for metabolomicsBasic Protocol 5: Preparation and shipment of metabolite extracts for metabolomic analysesBasic Protocol 6: Sample shipping and long‐term storage
Primary Astrocytes Purification and Immortalization
Authors: Qin Lei , Xiao Guozhi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAstrocytes, the most abundant cells in the central nervous system (CNS), are essential for neuronal development, network formation, and overall CNS homeostasis. Primary astrocyte culture has been successfully used as a tool to study astrocyte biology in vitro. In the present protocol, a modified immunopanning method was utilized to obtain and purify primary astrocytes from mouse cortex and spinal cord in a relatively quick and inexpensive way. Purified primary astrocytes were then immortalized through infection of lentivirus expressing the SV40 large T antigens. In addition, we provide protocols to determine the expression levels of astrocyte‐specific markers and to perform functional studies measuring the ATP‐induced calcium flux in the immortalized astrocytes. Following the described protocols assures that the immortalized astrocytes that one prepares mimic the cell biology of primary astrocytes in culture. Thus, the purification and immortalization protocols for primary astrocytes presented in here provide two models for the studies of astrocyte biology and may be useful for the immortalization of other types of primary cells. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Primary astrocyte purification by a modified immunopanning methodSupport Protocol: Serum‐free primary astrocyte cultureBasic Protocol 2: Primary astrocyte immortalizationBasic Protocol 3: Calcium transient detection in astrocytes
Soft start‐up control of four‐level hybrid‐clamped converters with DC voltage source
Authors: Pan Jianyu , Tang Haibo , Zhao Yihui , Yan Sheng 
Published: December 2023

SummaryThe four‐level hybrid clamp converter (4L‐HCC) is one of the next‐generation multilevel topologies due to its simplified structure and excellent performance. However, it consists of several DC‐link and flying capacitors, which must be precharged to the rated voltage before the normal operation. Without proper control, those internal capacitors could easily induce inrush currents and cause system fatal failure due to the unsymmetrical circuit structure. This paper proposes soft start‐up control methods for both single‐phase and three‐phase HCCs. The precharging mathematical models of DC‐link and flying capacitors are established. A straightforward algorithm using the selected switching states and rotating regions is developed to build precharging circuits properly. A full‐scale simulation model and a downscale laboratory prototype of the 4L‐HCC are established to validate the superiority of the proposed method. Results demonstrate that the proposed approach is effective in charging all capacitors through internal elements rapidly with suppressed and controllable charging currents.
Distinguishing probable atypical anorexia nervosa from weight loss alone in a national sample of U.S. Military Veterans: Disentangling the roles of weight suppression and cognitive concerns
Authors: Herb Neff Kirstie M. , Buta Eugenia , Fenn Lindsay M. , Ramsey Christine N. , Snow Jennifer L. , Haskell Sally G. , Masheb Robin M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveVeterans are at high risk for eating disorders (EDs), and specifically for atypical anorexia nervosa (atypical AN). The current study aimed to better understand this under‐studied disorder and how it differs from weight loss without ED cognitive features.MethodSecondary analyses were conducted with data from a national study of Veterans (N = 882, 49.4% women). Participants were categorized into four mutually exclusive groups using the Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale 5: probable atypical AN, a cognitive concerns group (Cog Only), a weight suppressed group (WS Only), and a no ED control group. Adjusted regression models were used to compare groups on measures of eating pathology and mental health. Three weight suppression thresholds (5%, 10%, and 15%) for probable atypical AN were also tested.ResultsThe sample was comprised of 12% probable atypical AN, 23.6% Cog Only, 16.3% WS Only, and 48.1% Control. The probable atypical AN group was most like the Cog Only group except for higher levels of dietary restraint. Atypical AN fared worse and was least like the Control group followed by the WS Only group. All weight suppression thresholds significantly predicted dietary restraint, with 5% being the best predictor.DiscussionResults found that probable atypical AN is a distinct clinical entity and that the exact weight suppression threshold associated with atypical AN is less important than having any weight suppression. Findings highlight the clinical significance of atypical AN and the importance of gaining a better understanding of how to address this clinical entity.Public significanceAtypical anorexia nervosa is a relatively underexamined but highly prevalent eating disorder in the Veteran population. Results show that ED cognitive features are more closely linked to clinically significant eating pathology and poor mental health than weight suppression alone suggesting that negative thinking about weight gain and appearance, regardless of the presence or severity of weight loss, may signal the need for specialized intervention.
2D semiconductor nanosheets for solar photocatalysis
Authors: Cai Meng , Wei Yixin , Li Yukun , Li Xin , Wang Shaobin , Shao Guosheng , Zhang Peng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn the advancing world of graphene, highly anisotropic 2D semiconductor nanosheets, notable for their nanometer‐scale thickness, have emerged as a leading innovation, displaying immense potential in the exploration of renewable and clean energy production. These have garnered significant attention from researchers. The nanosheets are marked by their extraordinary electronic, optical, and chemical attributes, positioning them as attractive foundational components for heterogeneous photocatalysts. This review diligently summarizes both the seminal work and ongoing developments pertaining to 2D semiconductor nanosheets and their application to solar energy within the context of heterogeneous photocatalysis. We begin by detailing the distinctive properties of 2D semiconductor nanosheets, concentrating on their pivotal roles in augmenting photocatalytic efficiency, and explaining the intrinsic mechanisms that govern the migration rate of photogenerated carriers on the material's surface. Subsequently, we delineate the methods employed to synthesize typical 2D semiconductor nanosheets. In alignment with the overarching objective of expanding light absorption capacity and accelerating charge transfer, we also examine the current research on the hybridization techniques involving 2D materials of varied dimensions, as well as their deployment in diverse photocatalytic applications. We conclude by identifying promising avenues and potential challenges that await further exploration in this burgeoning field.
Self‐integration exactly constructing oxygen‐modified MoNi alloys for efficient hydrogen evolution
Authors: Zhou Ya‐Nan , Yu Wen‐Li , Liu Hai‐Jun , Fan Ruo‐Yao , Han Guan‐Qun , Dong Bin , Chai Yong‐Ming 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroducing oxygen atoms into nickel‐based alloys is an effective strategy for constructing water dissociation sites for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, controlling oxygen content to realize the best match of water dissociation and hydrogen adsorption is challenging. Herein, we exploit the self‐integration process of MoNi alloy in molten salts to introduce oxygen atoms, which ultimately leads to the localized generation of robust NiOxHy around the MoNi alloys. Interestingly, Mo is further doped into NiOxHy (Mo‐NiOxHy) to construct an effective active center for water dissociation due to the high mobility in ionic solutions. Owing to the covering and space confinement of molten salt, MoNi alloy is exactly decorated with Mo‐NiOxHy nanosheets. Both physical characterization and density functional theory calculation prove that the electron transport, water dissociation capability, and hydrogen adsorption of MoNi are finely tuned and benefited from the O and Mo doping, thus greatly expediting HER kinetics. Mo‐NiOxHy exhibits a much lower overpotential of 33 mV at 10 mV cm−2 in alkaline electrolyte, even superior to the Pt/C benchmark. Moreover, the final Mo‐NiOxHy requires a low overpotential of 57 mV at 10 mV cm−2 in acidic media. This enhancement is ascribed to the successful assembly of MoNi foam elicited by molten salt.
Synergy of defect engineering and curvature effect for porous graphite carbon nitride nanotubes promoted photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Guo Liping , Gao Jinyu , Li Mingxia , Xie Ying , Chen Hui , Wang Shijie , Li Zhenzi , Wang Xuepeng , Zhou Wei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGraphite carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) nanotubes have received extensive attention due to its unique morphology and electronic migration. Herein, the defective porous g‐C3N4 nanotube (DTCN) is prepared through a simple thermal reduction process. The construction of N vacancy and tubular structure can synergistically promote the separation of photogenerated charge carriers. As a result, DTCN demonstrates a higher photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate (1440 μmol·g−1·h−1), which is 5 times higher than that of the initial g‐C3N4 nanotube (TCN). Importantly, combined with density functional theory calculations and experimental results, it is the first time to prove that the synergy of curvature effect and N vacancy of nanotubes can enhance the adsorption energy of hydrogen and decrease the work function, resulting in more superior photocatalytic performance than the layered structure. This work provides more in‐depth comprehension for the photocatalytic mechanism of nanotube materials, which has inspirational significance for the design of the g‐C3N4 photocatalyst with high performance.
Characteristics of patients admitted with heart failure: Insights from the first Malaysian Heart Failure Registry
Authors: Wan Ahmad Wan Azman , Abdul Ghapar Abdul Kahar , Zainal Abidin Hafisyatul Aiza , Karthikesan Dharmaraj , Ross Noel Thomas , S.K. Abdul Kader Muhamad Ali , Loch Alexander , Mahendran Kauthaman , Ramli Ahmad Wazi , Ong Tiong Kiam , Mohd Amin Nor Hanim , Lee Chuey Yan , Che Hassan Hamat Hamdi , Zainal Abidin Siti Khairani , Liew Houng Bang , Ho Wing Sze , Mohd Ghazi Azmee 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimsHeart failure (HF) is a growing health problem, yet there are limited data on patients with HF in Malaysia. The Malaysian Heart Failure (MY‐HF) Registry aims to gain insights into the epidemiology, aetiology, management, and outcome of Malaysian patients with HF and identify areas for improvement within the national HF services.Methods and resultsThe MY‐HF Registry is a 3‐year prospective, observational study comprising 2717 Malaysian patients admitted for acute HF. We report the description of baseline data at admission and outcomes of index hospitalization of these patients. The mean age was 60.2 ± 13.6 years, 66.8% were male, and 34.3% had de novo HF. Collectively, 55.7% of patients presented with New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III or IV; ischaemic heart disease was the most frequent aetiology (63.2%). Most admissions (87.3%) occurred via the emergency department, with 13.7% of patients requiring intensive care, and of these, 21.8% needed intubation. The proportion of patients receiving guideline‐directed medical therapy increased at discharge (84.2% vs. 93.6%). The median length of stay (LOS) was 5 days, and in‐hospital mortality was 2.9%. Predictors of LOS and/or in‐hospital mortality were age, NYHA class, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and comorbid anaemia. LOS and in‐hospital mortality were similar regardless of ejection fraction.ConclusionsThe MY‐HF Registry showed that the HF population in Malaysia is younger, predominantly male, and ischaemic‐driven and has good prospects with hospitalization for optimization of treatment. These findings suggest a need to reassess current clinical practice and guide resource allocation to improve patient outcomes.
Natriuretic peptides, body mass index and heart failure risk: Pooled analyses of SAVOR‐TIMI 53, DECLARE‐TIMI 58 and CAMELLIA‐TIMI 61
Authors: Patel Siddharth M. , Morrow David A. , Bellavia Andrea , Berg David D. , Bhatt Deepak L. , Jarolim Petr , Leiter Lawrence A. , McGuire Darren K. , Raz Itamar , Steg P. Gabriel , Wilding John P.H. , Sabatine Marc S. , Wiviott Stephen D. , Braunwald Eugene , Scirica Benjamin M. , Bohula Erin A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimN‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) concentrations are lower in patients with obesity. The interaction between body mass index (BMI) and NT‐proBNP with respect to heart failure risk remains incompletely defined.Methods and resultsData were pooled across three randomized clinical trials enrolling predominantly patients who were overweight or obese with established cardiometabolic disease: SAVOR‐TIMI 53, DECLARE‐TIMI 58 and CAMELLIA‐TIMI 61. Hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) was examined across strata of baseline BMI and NT‐proBNP. The effect of dapagliflozin versus placebo was assessed for a treatment interaction across BMI categories in patients with or without an elevated baseline NT‐proBNP (≥125 pg/ml). Among 24 455 patients, the median NT‐proBNP was 96 (interquartile range [IQR]: 43–225) pg/ml and the median BMI was 33 (IQR 29–37) kg/m2, with 68% of patients having a BMI ≥30 kg/m2. There was a significant inverse association between NT‐proBNP and BMI which persisted after adjustment for all clinical variables (p < 0.001). Within any range of NT‐proBNP, those at higher BMI had higher risk of HHF at 2 years (comparing BMI <30 vs. ≥40 kg/m2 for NT‐proBNP ranges of <125, 125–<450 and ≥450 pg/ml: 0.0% vs. 0.6%, 1.3% vs. 4.0%, and 8.1% vs. 13.8%, respectively), which persisted after multivariable adjustment (adjusted hazard ratio [HRadj] 7.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.16–17.66, HRadj 3.22 [95% CI 2.13–4.86], and HRadj 1.87 [95% CI 1.35–2.60], respectively). In DECLARE‐TIMI 58, dapagliflozin versus placebo consistently reduced HHF across BMI categories in those with an elevated NT‐proBNP (p‐trend for HR across BMI = 0.60), with a pattern of greater absolute risk reduction (ARR) at higher BMI (ARR for BMI <30 to ≥40 kg/m2: 2.2% to 4.7%; p‐trend = 0.059).ConclusionsThe risk of HHF varies across BMI categories for any given range of circulating NT‐proBNP. These findings showcase the importance of considering BMI when applying NT‐proBNP for heart failure risk stratification, particularly for patients with low‐level elevations in NT‐proBNP (125–<450 pg/ml) where there appears to be a clinically meaningful absolute and relative risk gradient.
Molecular Construction Using Formamide as a C1 Feedstock
Authors: Sacchelli Bruce A. L. , Rocha Bianca C. , Fantinel Mariane , Andrade Leandro H. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFormamide (HCONH2), a well‐known organic compound in chemistry and biology, can be employed for molecular construction. The chemistry of formamide, which involves condensation reactions, transamidation reactions, cross‐coupling reactions, and radical reactions, can be explored to synthesize more complex organic compounds. The focus of this review is to discuss the widespread use of formamide as a relevant C‐1 building block in organic synthesis.
Leveraging multiple approaches for the detection of pathogenic deep intronic variants in developmental and epileptic encephalopathies: A case report
Authors: Nyaga Denis M. , Hildebrand Michael S. , de Valles‐Ibáñez Guillem , Keenan Ngaire F. , Ye Zimeng , LaFlamme Christy W. , Mefford Heather C. , Bennett Mark F. , Bahlo Melanie , Sadleir Lynette G. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAbout 50% of individuals with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) are unsolved following genetic testing. Deep intronic variants, defined as >100 bp from exon–intron junctions, contribute to disease by affecting the splicing of mRNAs in clinically relevant genes. Identifying deep intronic pathogenic variants is challenging and resource intensive, and interpretation is difficult due to limited functional annotations. We aimed to identify deep intronic variants in individuals suspected to have unsolved single gene DEEs. In a research cohort of unsolved cases of DEEs, we searched for children with a DEE syndrome predominantly caused by variants in specific genes in >80% of described cases. We identified two children with Dravet syndrome and one individual with classic lissencephaly. Multiple sequencing and bioinformatics strategies were employed to interrogate intronic regions in SCN1A and PAFAH1B1. A novel de novo deep intronic 12 kb deletion in PAFAH1B1 was identified in the individual with lissencephaly. We showed experimentally that the deletion disrupts mRNA splicing, which results in partial intron retention after exon 2 and disruption of the highly conserved LisH motif. We demonstrate that targeted interrogation of deep intronic regions using multiple genomics technologies, coupled with functional analysis, can reveal hidden causes of unsolved monogenic DEE syndromes.Plain Language SummaryDeep intronic variants can cause disease by affecting the splicing of mRNAs in clinically relevant genes. A deep intronic deletion that caused abnormal splicing of the PAFAH1B1 gene was identified in a patient with classic lissencephaly. Our findings reinforce that targeted interrogation of deep intronic regions and functional analysis can reveal hidden causes of unsolved epilepsy syndromes.