bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of the simian epstein‐barr virus‐encoded latent membrane protein‐1 in malignant lymphomas of SIV‐infected rhesus macaques
Authors: Blaschke Sabine , Hannig Horst , Buske Christian , Kaup Franz‐J. , Hunsmann Gerhard , Bodemer Walter 
Published: October 2004

AbstractDuring the course of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection, nearly 15% of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) and up to 40% of cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) developed SIV‐associated non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas. Most of these malignant lymphomas harbored lymphocryptoviruses, which are closely related to the human Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV; Herpesvirus M. mulatta and Herpesvirus M. fascicularis). To characterize the oncogenic role of simian EBV infection for lymphomagenesis during SIV infection, expression of the EBV‐encoded latent membrane protein‐1 (LMP‐1) was analyzed in malignant lymphomas of SIV‐infected rhesus macaques. Nine seropositive rhesus macaques suffering from B‐cell lymphomas during the late phase of SIV infection were euthanized. Latency stages of EBV infection within malignant lymphomas and simian EBV‐infected lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL8664, H50) were characterized by analyzing expression of the EBV‐encoded nuclear antigens EBNA‐1, EBNA‐2, and small RNAs EBER1/2. In parallel, the presence of viral LMP‐1 transcripts was assessed by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and in situ hybridization. Results were compared with findings in AIDS‐associated malignant lymphomas in two patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐1. Rhesus macaques developed high‐grade B‐cell lymphomas of the centroblastic (five of nine), immunoblastic (two of nine), centroblastic‐centrocytic (one of nine), and Burkitt‐like (one of nine) subtypes within 18–29 months postinfection with SIVmac251/32H. The presence of Herpesvirus M. mulatta was detected in eight of nine cases. Transcription of the viral oncogene LMP‐1 could be demonstrated within the simian EBV‐infected cell lines as well as in four of nine SIV‐associated malignant lymphomas. These four cases and both of the HIV‐1–related non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas expressed the full spectrum of latent EBV gene products (LMP‐1, EBER1/2, EBNA‐1, EBNA‐2) and were thus classified as latency type III stages of EBV infection. Simian EBV infection was demonstrated in 90% of lymphomas in SIV‐infected rhesus macaques. Analysis of LMP‐1 expression suggests an important role for this viral oncogene in the pathogenesis of both SIV and HIV‐1–associated malignant lymphomas. J. Med. Virol. 65:114–120, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Case of fatal encephalitis by HHV‐6 variant A
Authors: Portolani Marinella , Pecorari Monica , Tamassia Maria Grazia , Gennari William , Beretti Francesca , Guaraldi Giovanni 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA fatal case is reported of encephalitis in an 85‐year‐old man caused by the human herpesvirus 6 variant A. The virological diagnosis was based on the findings of the virus variant genomic sequences both in the cerebrospinal fluid and serum of the patient. Moreover, virus replication in nervous tissue was suggested by a viral load higher in the cerebrospinal fluid than in the peripheral blood. The association of a central nervous system infection with the A variant of human herpesvirus 6 is interesting because of the difficulty in establishing a pathological role for this virus strain. Epstein‐Barr virus DNA was detected in the patient's cerebrospinal fluid in association with human herpesvirus 6 DNA. The presence of the Epstein‐Barr virus genomic sequences in the cerebro‐spinal fluid was considered to be unimportant clinically. J. Med. Virol. 65:133–137, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunogenic and isotype‐specific responses to russian and US cold‐adapted influenza a vaccine donor strains A/Leningrad/134/17/57, A/Leningrad/134/47/57, and A/Ann Arbor/6/60 (H2N2) in mice
Authors: Wareing M.D. , Watson J.M. , Brooks M.J. , Tannock G.A. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe immunogenicity of the Russian cold‐adapted (ca) donor stains, A/Leningrad (Len)/134/17/57 and A/Leningrad/134/47/57, and the US strain A/Ann Arbor (AA)/6/60‐ca, were compared in BALB/c mice with their respective wild‐type parental viruses. Each ca donor strain was less immunogenic than its wild‐type parent. The vaccinating dose, when administered twice, which prevented multiplication of a standard challenge of parental wild‐type virus in 50% of mice (the 50% protective dose or PD50), was shown for A/Len/134/17/57‐ca, A/Len/134/47/57‐ca, and A/AA/6/60‐ca to be 103.77, 104.32, and 104.70, respectively. These findings were extended by measuring the number of antibody secreting cells induced in the lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes of mice infected with the same ca donors using an ELISPOT assay. When each donor strain was administered twice at a dose of 100 PD50 over a 3‐week interval, the overall immunoglobulin isotype antibody secreting cell profiles were shown to be similar. However, A/Len/134/17/57‐ca and A/Len/134/47/57‐ca induced significantly higher total immunoglobulin responses in the lungs than A/AA/6/60‐ca (P < 0.05). A/Len/134/17/57‐ca also induced a significantly greater IgA response in the lungs than A/AA/6/60‐ca (P < 0.05). These results suggest that A/Len/134/17/57‐ca is a superior immunogen to A/Len/134/47/57‐ca which in turn is more immunogenic than A/AA/6/60‐ca. J. Med. Virol. 65:171–177, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Serum and mucosal immunologic responses in children following the administration of a new inactivated intranasal anti‐influenza vaccine*
Authors: Greenbaum Evgenia , Furst Arthur , Kiderman Alexander , Stewart Brendon , Levy Reuven , Schlesinger Miriam , Morag Avraham , Zakay‐Rones Zichria 
Published: October 2004

AbstractChildren are at considerable risk for influenza infection and may constitute the main vector for transmitting the virus to adults in the community. At present, the use of available vaccines in children is limited mainly because of a fear of side effects from the injection. Intranasal immunization was assessed as a painless, side effect‐free method of facilitating the enrollment of children in vaccination programs. One intranasal dose of a trivalent inactive whole virus vaccine containing 20 μg of the three recommended seasonal viral strains was administered to 28 children recruited over two separate winter periods (1997/1998 and 1998/1999). No adverse effects were recorded. Serum IgG responses were determined by the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) method and nasal IgA responses by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In both study period seasons, 77.7%–94.4% of children were found to be immune. There was a 3.7 × and 4.7 × increase in geometric mean titer (GMT) for A/H3N2 strains, 1.9 × and 3.9 × for A/H1N1 strains, and a 3.2 × and 1.7 × for B strains in 1997/1998 and 1998/1999, respectively. The increase in GMT, as well as fourfold increases in titer level, was higher when calculated among the nonimmune children prior to vaccination. Of these, 50%–87.5% became immune following immunization. Local antibody response to the three viral strains was detected in 50%–55% of the immunized children. Also, 83.3%, 73.3%, and 61.1% of the vaccinees exhibited a mucosal and/or serum antibody response to the A/Beijing, A/Sydney, and B/Harbin strains, respectively. This mucosal response may forestall influenza development in its early stages, thereby contributing significantly to the reduction of influenza spread in the community. J. Med. Virol. 65:178–184, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Surveillance for rotavirus in Argentina
Authors: Bok Karin , Castagnaro Nelda , Borsa Ana , Nates Silvia , Espul Carlos , Fay Oscar , Fabri Adriana , Grinstein Saul , Miceli Isabel , Matson David O. , Gómez Jorge A. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractGroup A rotaviruses are the major cause of severe gastroenteritis in young children worldwide. Because rotavirus vaccination appeared imminent, a nationwide surveillance program was organized between October 1996 and October 1998 in the largest Argentine cities. Surveillance for disease burden, rotavirus detection, and rotavirus typing was undertaken at nine locations. Results showed rotavirus to be associated with 42% of diarrhea admissions. Although the prevalent G types changed from year to year, common G types were found in 96% of the cases and were usually associated with common P types. Uncommon G types, G9 and G5, were found at low prevalence and uncommon G/P combinations occurred at almost every study site. These data suggest that a rotavirus vaccine could substantially decrease the rotavirus disease burden in Argentina, but that introduction of a vaccine should be accompanied by a concurrent surveillance system. J. Med. Virol. 65:190–198, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High detection rates of TTV‐like mini virus sequences in sera from Brazilian blood donors*
Authors: Niel Christian , Lampe Elisabeth 
Published: October 2004

AbstractTT virus (TTV) is an unenveloped virus with a single‐stranded, circular DNA genome of 3,818–3,853 nucleotides (nt) that infects humans and non‐human primates. Recently, the existence of a novel human virus, TTV‐like mini virus (TLMV), that shows a genetic organization similar to that of TTV, but with smaller virion particle and genome, was proposed [Takahashi et al. (2000) Archives of Virology 145:979–993]. To date, no information is available with respect to the prevalence and pathogenicity of TLMV. A sensitive PCR assay was developed by using two oligonucleotide primers (LS2 and LA2) designed from the conserved non‐coding region of the TLMV genome. One hundred thirty‐seven sera from volunteer Brazilian blood donors were tested and 99 (72%) were TLMV DNA positive. No significant differences were observed between the groups of TLMV positive and negative subjects in relation to sex ratio, seroprevalence of TTV DNA, prevalence of anti‐hepatitis A virus antibodies, area of residence, occurrence of daily contact with animals, family income, education level, and level of alanine aminotransferase. The specificity of the PCR assay was demonstrated after cloning of amplification products and determination of the nucleotide sequences (200–228 nt) of clones derived from 23 individuals. When DNAs extracted from TLMV/TTV‐coinfected sera were submitted to PCR with LS2 and LA2 primers, the amplification products were derived exclusively from the TLMV genome. A markedly wide range of sequence divergence, even higher than that existent among TTV strains, was noted among TLMV isolates, with a maximum evolutionary distance of 0.80. J. Med. Virol. 65:199–205, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reactivation of precore variant hepatitis B virus in a child with severe aplastic anaemia
Authors: Smith P.R. , Zampino R. , Gutteridge C. , Karayiannis P. , Aitken C. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractReactivation of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) negative chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection due to selection of precore variant virus is an uncommon complication of previous hepatitis B infection, and virtually unrecognised in children and adolescents. A child who had received treatment with methylprednisolone and antilymphocyte globulin for severe aplastic anaemia developed high levels of detectable HBV DNA associated with hepatitis B e antibody (anti‐HBe) positivity. HBV DNA was extracted, amplified and the core and precore regions sequenced from 2 samples. A mixture of wild‐type and the precore variants A1896 and A1899 was detected in both samples, with the wild‐type predominating in the second sample. Reinfection was excluded by phylogenetic analysis using Phylip and the neighbour‐joining method. Precore variant Hepatitis B virus can be transmitted to children as a primary infection, and it is important that aggressive liver disease, particularly in the presence of the anti‐HBe phenotype, be investigated. Further studies are needed to determine the frequency of these variants. J. Med. Virol. 65:470–472, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Residual hepatitis B virus particles in liver transplant recipients receiving lamivudine: PCR quantitation of HBV DNA and ELISA of preS1 antigen
Authors: Petit Marie‐Anne , Guillou Delphine Buffello‐Le , Roche Bruno , Dussaix Elizabeth , Duclos‐Vallée Jean‐Charles , Féray Cyrille , Samuel Didier 
Published: October 2004

AbstractLamivudine, an antiviral agent, has a potential role in the treatment of recurrent or acquired de novo hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection after liver transplantation. During lamivudine therapy, residual HBV particles in serum, PBMC, and liver were quantified in 7 patients in whom hepatitis B occurred de novo (n = 4) or recurred (n = 3). HBV DNA and preS1 antigen were measured using a sensitive PCR technique and an in‐house ELISA method, respectively. The genetic and antigenic properties of HBV variants that emerged during lamivudine treatment were also examined. One month after the outset of lamivudine treatment, all 7 patients remained positive for both HBV DNA and preS1 antigen in serum, reflecting residual HBV replication. At the end of therapy, four patients were considered to be lamivudine responders, including one who seroconverted to anti‐HBs but remained HBV DNA positive in the liver (> 103 copies/μg of DNA). Among the three patients who did not respond to lamivudine, one had pol mutations (L450P and S550C) that had not been described previously, in addition to the common mutations within the YMDD locus and B domain. Defective core and preS viral proteins and atypical sedimentation profiles of HBV DNA‐positive particles were observed in all three lamivudine‐resistant patients. These findings confirm the persistence of HBV in liver transplant recipients despite strong inhibition of replication by lamivudine, and show abnormal viral transcription and/or morphogenesis in lamivudine‐resistant patients. J. Med. Virol. 65:493–504, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human cytomegalovirus gB genotype 1 is dominant in congenital infections in South Hungary*
Authors: Lukácsi Angéla , Taródi Béla , Endreffy Emöke , Bábinszki Ágota , Pál Attila , Pusztai Rozália 
Published: October 2004

AbstractOn the basis of the sequence variation of the glycoprotein B (gB) gene, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) can be classified into four gB genotypes. Genotyping of HCMV from congenital infections was carried out on the assumption that the envelope gB may influence the outcome of prenatal infection. Sixty‐three pregnant women were included in the study: 40 pregnant women whose fetuses were strongly suspected of having viral infection, and 23 women with normal pregnancies, from whom amniotic fluid was taken for fetal karyotype assessment. The amniotic fluid, fetal blood, blood, and urine of the newborns were examined for HCMV DNA by a nested polymerase chain reaction, and the gB genotype was determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism. HCMV DNA was detected in 12 cases in which the fetuses were suspected of having a viral infection and in 3 of the normal pregnancies. All the HCMV DNA had identical genotype, gB1. These data clearly indicate the dominance of the gB1 genotype in congenital HCMV infections. The clinical outcome of these pregnancies, however, cannot be predicted on the basis of the involvement of this genotype. J. Med. Virol. 65:537–542, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High‐level expression of recombinant dengue viral NS‐1 protein and its potential use as a diagnostic antigen
Authors: Huang Jau‐Ling , Huang Jyh‐Hsiung , Shyu Ron‐Hwa , Teng Chao‐Wei , Lin Yi‐Ling , Kuo Ming‐Der , Yao Chen‐Wen , Shaio Men‐Fang 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe prevalence of NS1 Ab response in patients with dengue viral infection and the potential of using recombinant NS1 protein as a diagnostic antigen for dengue viral infection were investigated. In this study, the full‐length and C‐terminal half of NS1 proteins (rNS1, rNS1‐C) were highly expressed (10–30 mg/l) and further purified and refolded. The good antigenicity of the full‐length rNS1 protein was confirmed by interaction with 19 dengue NS1‐specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) in ELISA; however, the antigenicity of rNS1‐C was relatively lower. The full‐length rNS1 antigen also differentiated reliably between sera from dengue virus‐infected patients and sera from normal controls. When rNS1 was used as an antigen to detect human anti‐NS1 IgM and IgG Ab, the anti‐NS1 Ab response was found in 15 of 17 patients (88%) with primary dengue infection and all 16 patients (100%) with secondary dengue infection. These results indicated that using the full‐length rNS1 whose antigenicity is restored as ELISA antigen, a high anti‐NS1 antibody prevalence could be detected in patients with either primary or secondary dengue infection. This finding suggested that the anti‐NS1 antibody appeared not only in secondary and severe dengue virus infection and might not correlate the pathogenesis of dengue hemorrhagic fever. The study also verified that our purified rNS1 protein showed similar immunological properties as native dengue viral proteins. Genetic engineering production of recombinant NS1 antigen could provide a safe and valuable resource for dengue virus serodiagnosis. J. Med. Virol. 65:553–560, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multiplex analysis of cytokines in the blood of cynomolgus macaques naturally infected with Ebola virus (reston serotype)**
Authors: Hutchinson Karen L. , Villinger Francois , Miranda Mary Elizabeth , Ksiazek Thomas G. , Peters C.J. , Rollin Pierre E. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractEbola virus (EBO) causes the most severe form of viral hemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates with up to 90% of infections culminating in death. The requirement of maximum containment laboratories for Ebola virus research has limited opportunities to study the pathogenesis of EBO infections. While tissue damage does occur, often it would appear not to be sufficient to explain death, indicating that soluble mediators play an important role in disease progression. In previous studies, fatal human infections with the Zaire subtype of Ebola (EBO‐Z) were associated with an increase in the levels of inflammatory cytokines. In this investigation, a new multiplex assay was developed and used to measure circulating levels of cytokines and chemokines in cynomolgus macaques infected with the Reston subtype of EBO (EBO‐R). Increased levels of IL‐6, TNF‐α, IFN‐γ, IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐8, IL‐10, and GM‐CSF were detected in infected animals, and the increase in circulating cytokines correlated with an increase in circulating viral antigen. Blood samples from animals showing high levels of cytokines were also tested for the chemokines: MCP‐1, IL‐1β, MIP‐1α, MIP‐1β, IP‐10, and RANTES. High levels of MCP‐1 and MIP‐1β, and RANTES were found in infected primates and, while levels were more variable, IL‐1β was detected only in infected animals. J. Med. Virol. 65:561–566, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vaccination‐induced HI antibody response to intraepidemic influenza A(H3N2) virus variants of the 1996–1997 epidemic season
Authors: Pyhälä Reijo , Ikonen Niina , Santanen Riitta , Haanpää Minna , Visakorpi Risto , Jäppinen Paavo , Valle Martti 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIntraepidemic antigenic and genetic variation was indicated when H3N2‐subtype influenza A virus strains isolated during the 1996–1997 epidemic season in Finland were studied for reactivity in the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay and for nucleotide sequences coding for the variable HA1 domain of viral haemagglutinin. Thirty prevaccination‐ and postvaccination‐paired sera taken from subjects who had been vaccinated against influenza during the previous autumn were studied for the presence of HI antibody to the homologous vaccine virus A/Nanchang/933/95, and five field strains representing the genetic and antigenic variability of the 1996–1997 epidemic season. The lowest vaccination‐induced HI titres in each of the three age groups were detected in the two field strains that had been isolated from vaccinated patients and belonged to two different genetic sublineages. The intraepidemic variability of the 1996–1997 field strains in HI reactivity may be indicative of circulation of virus strains that may be capable of breaking through vaccination‐induced immunity better than the other strains. J. Med. Virol. 65:584–589, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Kinetics and mechanism of protection of thymine from phosphate radical anion under anoxic conditions
Authors: Kumar M. Ravi , Adinarayana M. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe rates of photooxidation of thymine in the presence of peroxydiphosphate (PDP) have been determined by measuring the absorbance of thymine at 264 nm spectrophotometrically. The rates and the quantum yields (φ) of oxidation of thymine by phosphate radical anion have been determined in the presence of different concentrations of dithiothreitol (DTT). An increase in DTT is found to decrease the rate of oxidation of thymine, suggesting that DTT acts as an efficient scavenger of PO4·2− and protects thymine from it. Phosphate radical anion competes for thymine as well as DTT; the rate constant for the phosphate radical anion with DTT has been calculated to be 2.21 × 109 dm3 mol−1 s−1, assuming the rate constant of phosphate radical anion reaction with thymine as 9.6 × 107 dm3 mol−1 s−1. The quantum yields of photooxidation of thymine have been calculated from the rates of oxidation of thymine and the light intensity absorbed by PDP at 254 nm, the wavelength at which PDP is activated to phosphate radical anion. From the results of experimentally determined quantum yields (φexptl) and the quantum yields calculated (φcl), assuming DTT acts only as a scavenger of PO4·2− radicals, show that φexptl values are lower than φcl values. The φ′ values, which are experimentally found quantum yield values at each DTT concentration and corrected for PO4·2− scavenging by DTT, are also found to be greater than φexptl values. These observations suggest that the thymine radicals are repaired by DTT in addition to scavenging of phosphate radical anions. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 33: 271–275, 2001
Acute effects of combined photodynamic therapy and hyperbaric oxygenation in lung cancer—A clinical pilot study
Authors: Tomaselli Florian , Maier Alfred , Sankin Oliver , Anegg Udo , Stranzl Ulrike , Pinter Hans , Kapp Karin , Smolle‐Jüttner Freyja Maria 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectivePhotodynamic tumor therapy (PDT) is based upon a photochemical reaction that is limited by the availability of molecular oxygen in the target tissue. The use of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) increases the amount of oxygen available for the process may thereby enhance the efficacy of PDT. We investigated the acute effects on tumor stenosis after combined PDT/HBO.Patients and MethodsThirty patients (22 males, 8 females, mean age: 68.8 years; range: 44–78 years) with inoperable non‐small cell bronchogenic carcinoma and endobronchial stenosis were studied prospectively. Photosensitization was carried out using a hematoporphyrin‐derivative 2 mg/kg BW 48 hours prior to PDT. The light dose was calculated as 300 J/cm fiber tip. The assessment of outcome 1 and 4 weeks after PDT/HBO was performed by endoscopy, chest X‐ray, spirometry, laboratory parameters, subjective report of dyspnea, and Karnofsky performance status.ResultsAt one and four weeks after the treatment, the patients felt a significant improvement of dyspnea and hemoptysis along with an objective subsiding of poststenotic pneumonia, though spirometric parameters revealed no significant difference. A significant reduction of tumor stenosis (P < 0.05) and an improvement of the Karnofsky performance status (P < 0.05) were documented 1 and 4 weeks after PDT/HBO. No therapy related complications were observed.ConclusionsAlthough the small number of patients does not allow to draw definitive conclusions to be drawn, the results suggests that combined PDT/HBO represents a new, safe, and technically feasible approach. It enables efficient and rapid reduction of the endoluminal tumor load and helps conditioning the patient for further treatment procedures. Lasers Surg. Med. 39:399–403, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.