bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of sperm in male rabbits after various ejaculation frequencies
Authors: Kirton K. T. , Desjardins C. , Hafs H. D. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractTwenty‐five mature rabbits were assigned in groups of five to be ejaculated at one of the following frequencies for a period of six weeks: Sexual rest (SR), one ejaculation on Friday (1 × F), four ejaculations on Friday (4 × F), one ejaculation daily Monday through Saturday (1 × M–S), and two ejaculations Monday, Wednesday, and Friday (2 × MWF). Upon slaughter after SR, the average distributions of sperm in the capita‐corpora epididymides, caudae epididymides, and ductus deferentia were 184, 1,028, and 86 × 106, respectively.Ejaculation at each frequency significantly reduced the numbers of sperm found in the caudae epididymides, but neither weights of nor sperm numbers in the capitacorpora epididymides were affected by ejaculation frequency. While 79 ± 3% of extragonadal sperm were found in the caudae epididymides after SR, only 27 ± 5% were found there after 4 × F. This depletion of sperm represents 64% of those considered available for ejaculation. The data indicate that the ductus deferentia and ampullae of rabbits contain insufficient sperm to account for those normally found in a single ejaculum, and that the caudae epididymides are the immediate sources of most ejaculated sperm. The average calculated daily sperm production (82 × 106) was not affected by ejaculation frequency (P > 0.10).
Hyperostosis at the mandibular notch: Report of a case
Authors: Vidić Branislav 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA case of hyperostosis at the mandibular notch, on the right side, is recorded in a male cadaver, about 65 years of age. The shape of this exostosis and its relationship to the surrounding bones were studied in fixed and in various positions of movement of the mandible, as well as the degree of opening and closing of the mouth. The angle of the mandible, the coronoid and condylar processes, and the ramus were measured on both sides. Particular attention was given to the measurement of the exostosis. The morphological and clinical significance of the anomaly are discussed. A review of the literature indicates that this is an extremely rare type of exostosis of the mandible.
Histochemical study of ribonucleoproteins and mucopolysaccharides in developing bone of normal and tetracycline‐treated chick embryos
Authors: Rolle Gloria K. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe histochemical localization of ribonucleoprotein and mucopolysaccharide components in the developing femurs of normal and tetracycline‐treated chick embryos has been described. Tetracycline administration did not appear to affect the formation or character of the fibrous components involved in bone formation, or RNA production. Osteoid was laid down normally but calcification was markedly delayed. The depolymerization of the osteoid, as indicated by metachromasia and PAS staining, which is normally associated with the onset of calcification, was correspondingly delayed. The mucopolysaccharide content of the cartilage model was unchanged by the drug except in the hypertrophic zone. Here an abnormal depolymerization of the matrix occurred gradually, beginning in small areas and progressing to include all the matrix between small groups of cells. Calcification of these regions then took place.
Alpharadiographic and histological observations on the skeletal effects of hypervitaminoses A and D in the rat
Authors: Bélanger Leonard F. , Clark Irwin 
Published: February 2005

AbstractMale Holtzman rats were fed large doses of vitamin A, D or A and D for 43 days. Sections of the tibia demineralized in EDTA were submitted to alpharadiography or stained by a variety of procedures, including mucopolysaccharide histochemistry. The results were as follows:

In hypervitaminosis D, slightly increased periosteal apposition of normal bone; greatly increased maturation of osteocytes with lacunar enlargement and confluence, interstitial metachromasia and loss of density (osteocytic osteolysis).
In hypervitaminosis A, large growth of abnormally stained cancellous bone at periosteum and stimulation of osteolysis in new and old bone.
In combined A and D hypervitaminoses, the peripheral apposition rate exceeded that induced by vitamin A or vitamin D alone. The new bone appeared fragile and this combined with increased osteolysis was responsible for a number of spontaneous fractures.
Fine structure of the posterior subclavian ganglion of the newt Triturus
Authors: Lentz Thomas L. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe posterior subclavian ganglion of the newt Triturus viridescens consists of a central zone of adrenal or interrenal cells and an outer cortex of chromaffin cells and sympathetic ganglion cells. Interrenal cells contain abundant large clear vacuoles in the cytoplasm and mitochondria with tubular cristae. Two types of chromaffin cells were observed: cells containing opaque granules, 1500 Å in diameter (norepinephrine), and cells containing moderately dense granules, 2600 Å in diameter (epinephrine). Both types of granules are present in a few cells. Sympathetic ganglion cells and their efferent nerves contain vesicles, 750 Å in diameter, with dense cores. Small unmyelinated nerves are located between chromaffin cells or between ganglion cells and their satellite sheaths. In synaptic regions, spherical or oval clear vesicles are abundant. Large bundles of a few myelinated nerves and many small unmyelinated nerves occur between the cellular elements. Axons are enveloped by Schwann cells and the large nerve bundles are loosely enclosed by a connective tissue sheath (endoneurium). Melanophores or pigment cells and connective tissue elements occur in the cortex of the gland.
The aorticopulmonary artery of the cat — its location and postnatal closure
Authors: Hughes Trevor 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThis paper describes the position and time of postnatal closure of a vessel from the pulmonary artery to the aorticopulmonary glomus (carotid body‐like) tissue. Nine prenatal and eight postnatal kittens (killed at 12 hours, and 8, 12, 16, 30, 42, 60 and 90 days) and 50 adult cats were examined. The vessel arose from the root of the right pulmonary artery and had ascending and descending branches. The latter supplied the aorticopulmonary glomus tissue and mingled with vessels arising from the root of the coronary arteries — usually the left. In two prenatal cats an actual anastomosis was demonstrated. There was no change in the intramural part of the branch of the pulmonary artery in kittens less than 16 days old. The vessel was partly closed by cellular proliferation by the sixteenth day and was almost certainly occluded by the forty‐second day. It was not patent in any animal more than 42 days of age. In the adult cat, the aorticopulmonary glomus tissue was less cellular than in the fetus. It is suggested that the communication between the branch from the right pulmonary artery and the coronary arteries through chemoreceptor tissue may have functional significance.
Morphogenetic studies of the rabbit. XXXIX. Ponderal correlation coefficients of the bones form two races of rabbits
Authors: Latimer Homer B. , Sawin Paul B. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThirty‐five male an 30 female rabbits of large race III derived from the New Zealand White race and the same numbers of small race X, from Castle's small race, were used in this study.Earlier studies on these two races have shown that the males are more variable in body weight and body length; and that the individual bones are likewise more variable in weight and in length in the males.In this study, body weight and the weight of the entire skeleton were correlated on the basis of the null hypothesis with the individual bone weights and the individual bone weights were intercorrelated. The correlations are, for the most part, higher in the males than in the females of both races. The males of small race X have higher correlations than the males of large race III.Thus, although the entire body size varies more in the males. the weights of the bones are, for the most part, more closely correlated with body weight and total skeletal weight and with the other bones in the males than in the females.Some of the lowest correlations are with bones having large proportions of cancellous bone.
An electromyographic study of some muscles crossing the elbow joint
Authors: Pauly John E. , Rushing James L. , Scheving Lawrence E. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPairs of fine wire electrodes were inserted into the lateral, medial and long heads of the triceps brachii, into the anconeus, biceps brachii, brachialis and brachioradialis muscles. Each pair of electrodes was connected to an EMG integrator coupler in an eight channel recorder. Many movements and exercises were studied, and the relative contribution made by each muscle to any given movement was appraised.The anconeus initiates extension of the elbow and acts to maintain extension and to stabilize the elbow joint during other motions involving the upper extremity. The anconeus is responsible for fine control, but its activity frequently decreases when the more powerful triceps brachii contracts or when it loses its mechanical advantage at full extension. In pronation, the anconeus is very active; whereas during supination the anconeus is less active, and the triceps counteracts the powerful pull of the biceps brachii.The long head of the triceps also works as an adductor of the arm. When the triceps assists the anconeus in stabilizing the joint, the biceps brachii, brachialis and event the brachioradialis may contract to counteract any tendency to further extend the joint.
Weights and variability of components of the human vertebral column
Authors: Lowrance E. W. , Latimer Homer B. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPrincipal vertebral segments and individual vertebrae of 83 Asian skeletons were weighed and the data treated statistically.Average weight in grams per unit vertebra in the cervical segment was 6.3, in the thoracic, 8.7, in the lumbar, 17.9 and in the sacrum, 10.6. Mean weights of segments of this series were the lightest of the populations compared except those of the American White and Japanese females. Individual vertebral weights increased in caudad sequence except that the first two cervical and first two thoracic were respectively heavier than the third cervical and third thoracic. Mean weights of the twelfth thoracic, fifth lumbar and the sacrum were approximate multiples of that of the seventh cervical. The third cervical was the lightest in the column.The cervical segment represented 15% of the weight of the entire column, the thoracic segment 36%, lumbar 31%, sacral 18% and coccygeal 0.4%. Relative weights of individual vertebrae corresponded closely with those of other populations compared.Coefficients of variation ranged from 16% in the cervical segment, 19% in the thoracic, 17% in the lumbar, 18% in the sacral to 48% in the coccygeal. Variation was least in the second cervical and greatest in the third thoracic vertebra.
The passage of exogenous peroxidase from blood capillaries into the intestinal epithelium
Authors: Hampton James C. , Rosario Benjamin 
Published: February 2005

AbstractHorseradish peroxidase was injected into the spleens of mice and the animals were sacrificed ten minutes after injection. The tissues were reacted with 3‐3′ diaminobenzidine hydrochloride and the distribution of the reaction product was studied with both the light and electron microscope. The peroxidase was localized between epithelial cells up to the region of the tight junction and within vacuoles in the absorptive cells Granules ranging in size from ca. 40A to 600A were observed in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells in numbers far in excess of that found in control specimens. It appeared that the diffuse light brown staining observed in epithelial cells with the light microscope could be attributed to large numbers of granules of reaction product free in the cytoplasm. When corn oil was given by stomach tube and an intravascular injection of perioxidase was given ten minutes later, absorbed lipid was found to pass from interepithelial cell spaces to lamina propria at the same time that peroxidase was traversing the same compartments in the reverse direction. Hence, it was shown that exogenous peroxidase and probably other substances of vascular origin required for the metabolism of epithelial cells are exposed to both the basal and lateral epithelial cell membranes, even when absorbed lipid is traversing the same spaces in the opposite direction.
The juxtaglomerular apparatus in fetal and newborn mice
Authors: Kaylor C. T. , Carter J. M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractKidneys of timed fetal and newborn mice of the C57BL stock were sectioned and stained with a modified Bowie technique. The juxtaglomerular cells, indentifiable by their granularity and position, were recognized rather late in fetal life — three or four days before birth. By the eighth day postpartum, the granular cells of the JGA had reached a peak of differentiation and closely resembled the adult JGA in their number, size, granularity, and position. The mesangial cell was often but not always granulated. The granular cell indices (G.C.I.) of fetal, newborn, and adult mice are compared. The high G.C.I. in fetal kidneys in our studies should account for the high renin titre found by others in fetal kidney extracts.
Lymphotaxis induced by ultraviolet microbeam irradiation of fibroblasts in tissues cultured from mouse embryos
Authors: Amenta Peter S. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWhen portions of the cytoplasm of fibroblasts cultured from mouse embryo tissues are irradiated with heterochromatic microbeams of ultraviolet light, lymphocytes are attracted (Lymphotaxis) to the injured areas. The lymphocytes approach in the “hand mirror” shape characteristic of tissue cultures. On reaching the fibroblast, pseudopodia shoot out to “lick” the wound and then the lymphocyte “worms” its way across the cell. Only one lymphocyte contacts a fibroblast but the same one may make several passes. It is postulated that lymphocytes are cleaning the wounded area of undesirable irradiation products and/or applying healing substances to the wounded fibroblast.Irradiation of lymphocytes in portions of the cytoplasm fails to evoke responses from nearlby lymphocytes. Instead, the cytoplasm whirls around the nucleus as if the irradiation products can not leave the cell, resulting in convulsions and death.A technique is described by which relatively pure cultures of lymphocytes may be obtained from leukocyte cultures by selectively killing all granular leukocytes with excessive exposure to microbeams of ultraviolet light. Lymphocytes are harvested and introduced into fibroblast cultures to study experimental lymphotaxis.
Endometrial and embryonic enzymes in relation to implantation of the rabbit blastocyst
Authors: Hafez E. S. E. , White I. G. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe activity of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, glutamic‐oxalacetic transaminase (GOT), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), amylase, succinic dehydrogenase (SDH), glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GD) has been determined in the rabbit endometrium at estrus, in pseudopregnancy, and at days 5–10 of pregnancy. Enzyme analyses were also made on the placenta and embryo during early pregnancy.The most striking changes were increases in the SDH and GDH levels of the endometrium and a decrease in amylase when the does became pregnant or pseudopregnant. Amylase did not rise significantly from its lower level between five and ten days of pregnancy; SDH and GDH activity, however, fell away after reaching a maximum prior to implantation. At implantation there was some evidence of an increase in LDH and phosphatase activity. All enzymes had lower activities following implantation (10 days pregnancy). The endometrial enzyme activities of prepubertal does were usually similar to those of adult females in estrus. However, alkaline phosphatase activity of the prepubertal endometrium was particularly low.The activity of enzymes in the placental areas were, in general, similar to those found in the interplacental areas of the endometrium. However, from 7–10 days of pregnancy the activity of SDH was lower in the placental area than in the interplacental areas; whereas, amylase was higher on the eighth and ninth days of pregnancy. Changes in the activities of the phosphatases, GOT and SDH occurred in the blastocyst and trophoblast on eight to ten days of pregnancy. Enzyme activities in blastocoelic fluid were much less than in the trophoblast with the exception of amylase which was higher.
Effects of cadmium upon the excurrent duct system of the rat testis
Authors: Mason Karl E. , Young James O. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThis report describes lesions observed in excurrent ducts of the testis in 152 of 518 rats, in the course of studies concerned with cadmium‐induced testis injury and the actions of selenium and zinc, separately and combined, in protecting against such damage. All elements were injected subcutaneously, as soluble salts. Necropsy was usually five days (77% of rats) after cadmium injection, but lesions were observed within six hours.Ductuli efferentes showed variable degrees of sperm blockage, epithelial hyperplasia and metaplasia, periductal round cell infiltration, fibrosis and contraction. In 56 of 93 rats showing only ductuli lesions, testes were either normal or exhibited dilation of the rete testis and of variable numbers of seminiferous tubules, with or without “pressure degeneration” of the germinal epithelium. In the other 37 rats, the testes showed cadmium‐induced injury.Lesions involving both ductuli efferentes and proximal segments of the caput epididymis (13 rats), or the latter alone (46 rats), tended to be associated with more severe testis damage. Epididymal lesions were characterized by focal proliferation and desquamation of duct epithelia, and formation of spermatoceles.The lesions observed were attributed primarily to ischemia, secondary to effects of cadmium upon the capillary bed of the tissues involved. However, their possible enhancement or modification by direct chemical action of cadmium, selenium or zinc upon the duct system or perivascular tissues could not be excluded.
Myocardial ultrastructure and electrocardiograms of the hummingbird under normal and experimental conditions
Authors: Didio Liberato J. A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractVentricular myocardium from several adult specimens of hummingbirds (Eupetomena macroura macroura) were subjected to study by electrocardiography and by light and electron microscopy under normal and experimental conditions as provided by injection of 2,4‐dinitrophenol (DNP) and ether anesthesia. The birds were captured in Brazil, and were studied because of their high heart rates 428/460 minute on the average, seeking correlations of structure and function under normal conditions as well as after pharmacological stimuli. Under normal conditions, the hummingbird showed a highly developed sarcoplasmic reticulum, many gigantic mitochondrial with numerous tightly packed parallel mitochondrial cristae and tubules, and few small, dark bodies. The amount of sarcosomes is approximately equivalent to that of myofibrils. As seen in longitudinal sections of muscle fibers, often the junctions between successive mitochondria and both indentations of mitochondria and of the nuclear envelope occurred at the level of the Z bands. This gave the impression that contraction of the myofibrils shortened the nucleus and caused it to wrinkle. Most mitochondrial bulged at their middle as if they had been compressed between successive Z bands, suggesting a more resistant area at the level of these bands than in the rest of the myofibril. Almost no glycogen granules were found, probably because the high metabolic rate of the heart did not allow free storage of such carbohydrates.The administration of DNP was responsible for changes in the ECG (tachycardia and other alterations) and in the structure of the myocardium: large dilations in the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the appearance of small spaces in the mitochondria.
The effect of thiouracil, excess thyroxine and thyroidectomy on the ependymal cells with special reference to the subcommissural organ
Authors: Talanti S. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe effects of excess thyroxine, thiouracil and thyroidectomy upon the ependymal cells of the subcommissural organ, the choroid plexus and the wall of the caudal part of the third cerebral ventricle in the adult male albino rats were studied. A total of 203 rats were used. Thiouracil and thyroxine were administered orally, thyroidectomy was performed by means of radioiodine. Thiouracil was seen to diminish the ependymal nuclear volume especially in the subcommissural organ and in the wall of the third ventricle. Similar effects were observed by thyroidectomy, though the change was significant only in the ependyma covering the wall of the third ventricle. Excess thyroxine, again, increased nuclear volume of all ependymal cells studied. The changes could be observed over a period of 4–18 days. The signs of a return to normal after withdrawal of thyroxine and thiouracil were perceived after four days. Visual estimation revealed no clear change in aldehyde‐fuchsin‐positive “secretory material” in the subcommissural organ of any test group. The functional significance of the results is discussed.
Reconstruction using photographed serial sections
Authors: Berns Michael W. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA method is described whereby serial sections are photographed through a microscope and printed on a clear acetate film. The pictures are mounted on Plexiglas rectangles and placed back to back. A solid stack of plates with the reconstructed structure visible inside, or a slide‐box arrangement of every other section may be produced. Variations of the technique are presented so that one can print high‐contrast or low‐contrast pictures, reconstruct simple or complex structures, and work more rapidly with less equipment. This is a simple, accurate, and rapid method.
A quantitative morphological study of the postnatal development of the pineal body of the mouse
Authors: Ito Takashi , Matsushima Shoji 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe postnatal growth of the mouse pineal was studied quantitatively. The volume was estimated by means of a histometric method in serial histological sections. During postnatal development the pineal showed no sex difference in absolute size. The growth in volume gradually increased from birth to 40 days, reamained the same for a short period between 40 and 60 days, and after 60 days again increased until 90 days when it finally attained the adult volume. From 90 to 210 days it remained almost constant.The pineal weight was calculated from the volume by means of a weight‐volume ratio of the cerebral tissue. The pineal growth during early postnatal period, especially the first ten days, is attributed to both proliferation and enlargement of pineal cells, but after 20 days, primarily to enlargement. Differentiation of the pineal was estimated quantitatively on the basis of nuclear changes in shape characteristic of the pineal cells.
Arteritis of coronary arteries in mice receiving a single dose of cortisone
Authors: Ashburn Allen D. , Williams W. Lane , Smith‐Vaniz George T. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractMice were given a single injection of cortisone acetate and killed from one to seven days later. Arterial lesions occurred first and were predominantly located in the right ventricle. Hyalin was present in media of these coronary arteries within 24 hours following administration of cortisone. Exudative and proliferative changes in the arterial walls and perivascular spaces followed medial hyalinization. The highest incidence of arterial lesions (90%) was attained on the third day following cortisone injection and then decreased slightly (57%) by the seventh day. Myocardial necrosis was observed first in mice killed 48 hours after receiving cortisone and the incidence did not change significantly thereafter.