bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Farnesylthiosalicylic acid blocks mammalian target of rapamycin signaling in breast cancer cells
Authors: Yue Wei , Wang Jiping , Li Yuebai , Fan Ping , Santen Richard J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractEstradiol (E2) stimulates proliferation of hormone‐dependent breast cancer and exerts downstream effects on growth factors and their receptors. Key among the pathways' mediating growth factor action is the MAP kinase signaling cascade and the PI‐3 kinase pathway with its downstream effector mTOR. We postulated that farnesylthiosalicylic acid (FTS), a novel anti‐Ras drug, could effectively inhibit hormone‐dependent breast cancer because Ras activates both the MAP kinase and the PI3 kinase pathways. Wild‐type MCF‐7 cells and a long‐term estrogen‐deprived subline (LTED) were used to examine the effect of FTS on cell growth and on several biochemical parameters. FTS inhibited growth of both cell lines by reducing proliferation and inducing apoptosis. These effects correlated best with blockade of phosphorylation of PHAS‐I and p70 S6 kinase, 2 downstream effectors of mTOR. We observed only minimal inhibition of Akt, an effector upstream of mTOR. Taken together, these findings demonstrate a novel effect of FTS to inhibit mTOR signaling and also suggest that mTOR has a key role in breast cancer cell proliferation. Unexpectedly, only minimal inhibition of MAP kinase occurred in response to FTS at concentrations that markedly reduced cell growth. These later data provide support for the concept that FTS exerts its effects predominantly by blocking mTOR and to a lesser effect by inhibition of MAP kinase in breast cancer cells. Supplementary material for this article can be found on the International Journal of Cancer website at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0020‐7136/suppmat/index.html. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alcohol consumption and risk of renal cell carcinoma: A prospective study of Swedish women
Authors: Rashidkhani Bahram , Åkesson Agneta , Lindblad Per , Wolk Alicja 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPrevious literature, although not consistent, suggests that moderate alcohol consumption might be associated with decreased risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in women. Thus, we examined the association between alcohol intake and the incidence of RCC by analyzing data from the Swedish Mammography Cohort, a population‐based prospective cohort of 59,237 women, aged 40–76 years, who, at baseline in 1987–1990, were cancer free and had completed a food‐frequency questionnaire including questions about alcohol consumption. Through June 30, 2004, 132 incident cases of RCC were diagnosed. We used the Cox proportional hazards model to estimate age and body mass index (BMI) adjusted rate ratios (RRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Women who consumed >4.3 grams per day of alcohol (ethanol) had nonsignificantly lower risk of RCC than did women who consumed <2.5 g/d (RR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.42–1.19); among women ≥55 years of age at entry into the cohort, corresponding risk estimates were RR = 0.33, 95% CI 0.10–1.05, p for trend = 0.04 and among women with BMI >25 kg/m2, RR = 0.30, 95% CI 0.09–0.97, p for trend = 0.04. Consistent with these findings, women who drank 1 or more servings of total alcoholic beverages per week had lower RCC risk than did women who drank less (RR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.41–0.94); the corresponding estimate for women ≥55 years of age was RR = 0.44, 95% CI 0.22–0.88. Results from our prospective cohort study of middle‐aged and elderly women indicate that moderate alcohol consumption may be associated with decreased risk of RCC. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
α5β1 integrin stimulates Bcl‐2 expression and cell survival through Akt, focal adhesion kinase, and Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase IV
Authors: Lee Byung‐Heon , Ruoslahti Erkki 
Published: June 2005

AbstractCHO cells expressing α5β1 integrin are more resistant to apoptosis and express more Bcl‐2 than the same cells engineered to express αvβ1 or cytoplasmically truncated α5Δcβ1 integrin as their main fibronectin receptor. The Bcl‐2 up‐regulation by α5β1 is mediated, at least in part, by the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and phosphatidylinositol‐3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathways. Here, we show that integrin‐mediated activation of Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase (CaMK) IV, and the NF‐κB and CREB transcription factors also enhance the integrin‐dependent regulation of Bcl‐2 expression in the α5β1cells. A forkhead transcription factor, which is inactivated by Akt, blocked Bcl‐2 expression. The FAK pathway was found to be defective in both the αvβ1 and α5Δcβ1 cells. These cell lines differed from one another in two Bcl‐2‐regulating pathways: adhesion through αvβ1 failed to activate Akt, allowing forkhead to suppress Bcl‐2 transcription, whereas α5Δcβ1 did not activate NF‐κB and CREB, presumably because CaMK IV was not activated. Our results indicate that three pathways, the FAK, PI3K/Akt, and CaMK IV mediate the survival‐supporting activity of α5β1 integrin. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of serine/cysteine protease inhibitor α1‐antitripsin from meconium‐instilled rabbit lungs
Authors: Zagariya A.M. , Bhat R. , Zhabotynsky E. , Chari G. , Navale S. , Xu Q. , Keiderling T.A. , Vidyasagar D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe have recently purified from meconium‐instilled rabbit lungs a novel serine proteinase inhibitor, with an apparent molecular mass of 50 kDa, which we assign to be α1‐antitripsin. We hypothesize that serpin may attenuate pulmonary inflammation and improve surfactant function after meconium aspiration. α1‐antitripsin is a member of the proteinase inhibitor (serpin) superfamily and inhibitor of neutrophil elastase, and it can be identified as a member of the family by its amino acid sequence due to the high degree of conserved residues. α1‐antitripsin is synthesized by epithelial cells, macrophages, monocytes, and neutrophils. Deficiency in α1‐antitripsin leads to exposure of lungs to uncontrolled proteolytic attack from neutrophil elastase or other damaging factors culminating in lung destruction and cell apoptosis. We hypothesize that accumulation of α1‐antitripsin in the lungs serves as a predisposed protection against meconium‐induced lung injury. In this paper, we show how this knowledge can lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches for treatment of MAS. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of parathyroid hormone on Wnt signaling pathway in bone
Authors: Kulkarni N.H. , Halladay D.L. , Miles R.R. , Gilbert L.M. , Frolik C.A. , Galvin R.J.S. , Martin T.J. , Gillespie M.T. , Onyia J.E. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe Wnt signaling pathway has recently been demonstrated to play an important role in bone cell function. In previous studies using DNA microarray analyses, we observed a change in some of the molecular components of the canonical Wnt pathway namely, frizzled‐1 (FZD‐1) and axil, in response to continuous parathyroid hormone (PTH) treatment in rats. In the present study, we further explored other components of the Wnt signaling pathway in rat distal metaphyseal bone in vivo, and rat osteoblastic osteosarcoma cells (UMR 106) in culture. Several Wnt pathway components, including low‐density lipoprotein‐receptor‐related protein 5 (LRP5), LRP6, FZD‐1, Dickkopf‐1 (Dkk‐1), and Kremen‐1 (KRM‐1), were expressed in bone in vivo and in osteoblasts in vitro. Continuous exposure to PTH (1–38) both in vivo and in vitro upregulated the mRNA expression of LRP6 and FZD‐1 and decreased LRP5 and Dkk‐1. These effects in UMR 106 cells were associated with an increase in β‐catenin as measured by Western blots and resulted in functional activation (three to six‐fold) of a downstream Wnt responsive TBE6‐luciferase (TCF/LEF‐binding element) reporter gene. Activation of the TBE6‐luciferase reporter gene by PTH (1–38) in UMR 106 cells was inhibited by the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, H89. Activation was mimicked by PTH (1–31), PTH‐related protein (1–34), and forskolin, but both PTH (3–34) and (7–34) had no effect. These findings suggest that the effect of PTH on the canonical Wnt signaling pathway occurs at least in part via the cAMP‐PKA pathway through the differential regulation of the receptor complex proteins (FZD‐1/LRP5 or LRP6) and the antagonist (Dkk‐1). Taken together, these results reveal a possible role for the Wnt signaling pathway in PTH actions in bone. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On structural descriptions of lower ideals of trees
Authors: Nigussie Yared , Robertson Neil 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA finite structural description for proper lower ideals of trees was found in [5] by Robertson, Seymour, and Thomas. They proved existence of a specific description satisfying three axioms. We present our result starting from this fundamental construction. In an attempt to make their description unique and efficient, they introduced a fourth axiom, which conflicts with one of the prior axioms. In this paper, we make use of their valid constructive result and prove the desired uniqueness and efficiency using a different set of axioms. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory
Production of Nanocrystalline RDX by Rapid Expansion of Supercritical Solutions
Authors: Stepanov Victor , Krasnoperov Lev N. , Elkina Inga B. , Zhang Xuyean 
Published: June 2005

AbstractNanoscale crystals of cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) were produced by Rapid Expansion of Supercritical Solutions (RESS). The experiments were performed by expansion of supercritical solutions of RDX in carbon dioxide through sapphire nozzles (ID: 100 and 150  μm) at pressures of 15.0–29.5 MPa and temperatures of 343–348 K. Recrystallized particles were characterized by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), X‐ray diffraction, HPLC and melting point analysis. The process produced particles with a mean size in the range 110–220 nm and a narrow size distribution. The product was crystalline as determined by X‐ray diffraction. The effect of process conditions (T, P, nozzle diameter) on the crystal size distribution was determined.
Alkali Dinitramide Salts. Part 1: Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Berger Beat , Bircher Hansruedi , Studer Martin , Wälchli Marcel 
Published: June 2005

AbstractStarting from commercially available ammonium dinitramide (ADN), which was dissolved either in water or in methanol, the sodium, potassium, rubidium and cesium dinitramide were synthesized in yields >70% by adding the corresponding alkali metal hydroxide. The basic equation for the reaction is the following:
An Investigation of the Dynamic Response of Thermocouples in Inert and Reacting Condensed Phase Energetic Materials
Authors: Asay Blaine W. , Son Steven F. , Dickson Peter M. , Smilowitz Laura B. , Henson Bryan F. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThermocouples are widely used to measure both transient and steady state temperatures in many different materials. Bead diameters range from a few micrometers to several millimeters. During steady state operations, dynamic response is not an issue. However, during fluctuating conditions, the temporal response of the thermocouple must be taken into account. Several different techniques have been developed to measure the response characteristics of measurements in inert gases and liquids, but to the authors' knowledge, relatively little work has been conducted in condensed phase reacting materials. This report presents an initial survey of the topic.
Annealing crystallization of a‐Ge/Al/Si and a‐Ge/Si thin films
Authors: Fajardo F. , Zanatta A. R. , Chambouleyron I. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis work describes the temperature‐induced crystallization of amorphous Ge (a‐Ge) as a function of the thickness of the a‐Ge films (in the 12–2600 nm range), which were deposited both onto c‐Si substrates and c‐Si substrates covered with aluminium. After deposition, the samples were submitted to cumulative thermal annealing treatments. It is shown that the temperature of crystallization depends on the thickness of the a‐Ge films and to the presence (or not) of the Al layer. For an annealing temperature (Ta) of ∼700 °C, for example, the Raman spectra of films thinner than ∼1000 nm and deposited onto c‐Si substrates are completely dominated by the sharp phonon mode of crystalline Si. Films with thicknesses equal to 300, 1000 and 2600 nm, deposited onto Al/c‐Si, and treated at Ta = 600 °C, on the other hand, clearly display two additional peaks at 405 and 490 cm–1. They correspond to the Raman modes of Si–Ge and Si–Si modes, suggesting the formation of a SiGe alloy during the thermal anneal of the films. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Simultaneously quantifying parent drugs and screening for metabolites in plasma pharmacokinetic samples using selected reaction monitoring information‐dependent acquisition on a QTrap instrument
Authors: Li Austin C. , Alton Dennis , Bryant Matthew S. , Shou Wilson Z. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBioanalytical support of plasma pharmacokinetic (PK) studies for drug discovery programs primarily involves the quantitative analysis of dosed compounds using liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) operated in selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode. However, there is a growing need for information on the metabolism of new chemical entities (NCEs), in addition to the time‐concentration profiles from these studies. In this paper, we present a novel approach to not only quantify parent drugs with SRM, but also simultaneously screen for metabolites using a hybrid triple quadrupole/linear ion trap (QqQLIT) instrument. This was achieved by incorporating both the conventional SRM‐only acquisition of parent compounds and the SRM‐triggered information‐dependent acquisition (IDA) of potential metabolites within the same scan cycle during the same LC/MS/MS run. Two test compounds were used to demonstrate the applicability of this approach. Plasma samples from PK studies were processed by simple protein precipitation and the supernatant was diluted with water before injection. The fast scanning capability of the linear ion trap allowed for the information‐dependent acquisition of metabolite MS/MS spectra (< 1 s/scan), in addition to the collection of adequate data points for SRM‐only channels. The MS/MS spectra obtained from potential metabolites in post‐dose samples correlated well with the spectra of the parent compounds studied, therefore providing additional confirmatory structure information without the need for repetitive analyses. Relative quantitative time‐concentration profiles of identified metabolites were also obtained. Furthermore, this articulated SRM + SRM‐IDA approach generated equivalent quantitative results for parent compounds to those obtained by conventional SRM‐only analysis. This approach has been successfully used to support discovery PK screening programs. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gas‐phase synthesis and detection of the benzenediazonium ion, C6H5N. A joint atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and guided ion beam experiment
Authors: Guella Graziano , Ascenzi Daniela , Franceschi Pietro , Tosi Paolo 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAn ion of formula C6H5N (m/z 105) has been produced by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) of benzene and clearly detected in the corresponding positive ion mass spectrum. Its elemental composition has been established by the mass shift at m/z 110 observed when measurements were carried out with hexadeuterated benzene. MS2 experiments performed in the ion‐trap analyzer, and guided ion beam (GIB) experiments on the reaction of the phenyl cation with nitrogen molecules, allow us to establish that the detected C6H5N ion is the benzenediazonium ion. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the gas‐phase total synthesis of the benzenediazonium ion within the APCI source. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a skew µ lower bound
Authors: Holland Rod , Young Peter , Zhu Chuanjiang 
Published: June 2005

AbstractExploitation of the NP hard, mixed µ problem structure provides a polynomial time algorithm that approximates µ with usually reasonable answers. When the problem is extended to the skew µ problem an extension of the existing method to the skew µ formulation is required. The focus of this paper is to extend the µ lower bound derivation to the skew µ lower bound and show its direct computation by way of a power algorithm. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface study of hexagonal boron nitride powder by diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Huang Mitchell T. , Ishida Hatsuo 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe surface chemistry of hexagonal boron nitride powder is examined. Surface functional groups are found to consist of a mixture of primary and secondary amine groups as well as hydroxyl groups. The surface has a net basic character indicating that the amine contribution to the overall surface chemistry is greater than that of the acidic hydroxyl contribution. A chemical surface treatment also is performed to modify the surface chemistry of hexagonal boron nitride powder. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Radio link enhancement using an open flexible protocol stack framework
Authors: Farnham Tim 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis paper explores radio link enhancement utilising dynamic run‐time software download and configuration. In particular, the insertion of virtual medium access control (MAC), hybrid automatic repeat request (ARQ) and compression enhancement layers are considered in this paper. This is made possible with a flexible protocol stack framework, which permits the insertion of protocol layers and configuring them in a platform‐independent manner. A general purpose central processing unit (CPU) environment is used in order to assess performance and power consumption of this proposed approach. The results presented indicate that there are scenarios in which this approach is attractive and that execution environment optimisations for performing generic protocol functions can increase the applicability to more scenarios.Currently protocols, and in particular link layer protocols, are designed to support specific traffic and underlying radio propagation characteristics and network topologies that are expected to be observed in a range of deployment scenarios in a manner that is determined at a system design time. As a result, this leads to many different solutions that are tailored to the particular and quite specific requirements such as short range personal area networks (PAN) based on bluetooth or ultra wide band (UWB), local area networks (LAN) based on 802.11 and of course many wide area cellular networks. These solutions cannot be changed to support traffic characteristics and radio performance observed in scenarios that were not envisaged at the time of standardisation. Hence, many new releases of standards are generated to incorporate these new and often optional features that often cannot be used because not all devices support these features. A flexible protocol stack framework has been proposed to provide the ability to insert and configure new software protocol implementations at run time. The overall benefit of this is that new optional features can be exploited before or without standardisation. In addition, dynamic optimisation can be performed to tailor the protocol configuration to specific scenarios and adapt to the changing radio environment. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How to minimize the TCP effect in a UMTS‐HSDPA system?
Authors: Assaad Mohamad , Zeghlache Djamal 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis paper focuses on the interaction between the transmission control protocol (TCP) layer and the radio interface in a 3G wireless system. An analytical model to evaluate the impact of TCP on the UMTS‐HSDPA capacity is presented. A method to minimize the effect of TCP on wireless networks using shared channels is also proposed. High speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) is an evolution of the UMTS standard over the air interface to achieve higher aggregate bit rates through the introduction of adaptive modulation and coding, hybrid automatic repeat request (ARQ), fast scheduling, fast cell selection, and multiple input multiple output (MIMO) (space time coding and blast) techniques. The proposed model is used to evaluate the effect of the TCP protocol on the bit rate of various data services (at 64 and 128 kbps). As expected, the bit rate per flow decreases strongly if the congestion frequency in the wired network increases. However, the overall capacity achieved by HSDPA is not as affected by the TCP layer. Using this result, a method to maintain the bit rate per TCP flow at a given value without loosing much cell capacity is proposed. The findings are supported by simulation results. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pragmatic general multicast congestion control protocol for wireless networks
Authors: Wu Eric Hsiao‐Kuang , Yang Wei‐Ren 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAccompanied by the widespread deployment of wireless networks, content and service providers are increasingly interested in supporting multicast communications over wireless network. The reliable multicast protocol can provide (assure) efficiency in data delivery carried by the new generation e‐services, such as news, advertisement, guiding messages, etc. Its congestion control function enables the transmissions to adapt the sending rate to the available bandwidth and fairly share bandwidth with the widely used transmission control protocol (TCP) traffic in the networks. Many e‐services can be brought and built on the reliable multicast congestion control protocols to the roaming mobile subscribers. However, the reliable multicast congestion control protocols are affected by the wireless packet losses, resulting in degraded multicast performance. This article presents PGMCCW, a pragmatic general multicast congestion control protocol for wireless networks. PGMCCW can differentiate the wireless losses as well as the congestion losses on multicast and can also elect the proper group representative from the multiple receivers in the different wireless sub‐networks. The simulation results validate that this scheme is effective to alleviate the influence of the wireless losses and improve the performance over wireless networks. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluating Genetic Counseling: Client Expectations, Psychological Adjustment and Satisfaction with Service
Authors: Davey Angela , Rostant Kristie , Harrop Karen , Goldblatt Jack , O'Leary Peter 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPeriodic evaluations of genetic counseling services are useful for determining the effectiveness of counseling in meetings its psycho‐educational aims, as well as identifying where improvements to the service may be made. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic counseling services provided by Genetic Services of Western Australia (GSWA) to determine the impact of counseling on client expectations, satisfaction with the service, and psychological adjustment, defined as wellbeing and perceived personal control (PPC). A total of 122 clients participated in a self‐administered survey conducted pre‐ and post‐counseling. Client expectations of the service as a means of providing information were met, and opportunities for counselors to meet client's expectations of psychological support were identified. Furthermore, counseling was found to maintain and enhance psychological wellbeing of clients. The role of counseling in facilitating the development of PPC was a key contributor to a high sense of satisfaction in clients.