bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of a surface roughness on the erosion kinetics of Ba35 brass used in potable water pipelines: Experiments and mathematical modeling
Authors: Bennis Touhaf H. , Mesbah K. , Ben Lenda O. , Bennajah M. , Ouaki B. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe purpose of this work is to establish the relationship between surface roughness and erosion processes of Ba35brass pipes subjected to abrasive particles. Brass samples were prepared with different levels of surface roughness, obtained by polishing using abrasive papers of various grain sizes: P80, P120, and P320. These samples were eroded using a recirculating erosion test bench. To analyze the erosion kinetics, the surface roughness values (Ra and Rz) as well as the cumulative mass loss were measured at specified time intervals. In parallel, mathematical models were developed to simulate the evolution of surface roughness and cumulative mass loss, based on optimization methods. The results show that rougher surfaces, such as those prepared with P80 grit paper, record a higher erosion rate, reaching 0.47 mg/h, compared to smoother surfaces, such as those obtained with P320 paper, whose rate is 0.19 mg/h. The developed mathematical models indicate that the surface roughness follows an exponential decrease, while the cumulative mass loss shows a logarithmic growth. Furthermore, a linear correlation was highlighted between the erosion rate and the surface roughness. This study highlights the crucial importance of surface roughness in erosion processes and provides guidelines for optimizing the design and maintenance of cast iron pipes.
Moya-moya disease in a child with nephropatic cystinosis: a case report and literature review
Authors: Pivovarova A. M. , Papizh S. V. , Kаzakov D. O. , Gorchkhanovа K. Z. , Melnikov I. A. 
Published: January 2025

The article presents a case report of a child with a combination of two ultra rare diseases: nephropathic cystinosis and moya-moya disease.Cystinosis is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder characterized by accumulation of cystine in lysosomes throughout the body. Cystinosis is caused by mutations in the CTNS gene that encodes the lysosomal cystine carrier protein cystinosin. The lack of functional cystinosin causes accumulation and crystallization of cystine within the lysosomes, which leads to apoptosis and tissue damage in all organs. The disease is characterized by renal (Fanconi syndrome with progressive decline in renal function) and extrarenal manifestations in the form of hypothyroidism, hypogonadism, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, coronary vascular calcification, metabolic bone disease, damage to the central nervous system with cortical atrophy, cerebral calcification and etc.Moya-moya disease is a progressive condition that can lead to ischemic stroke or intracranial hemorrhage in children and adults. The following types of this condition are distinguished: moya-moya disease primary (idiopathic) refers to patients with angiographic evidence of the disease, who may have a genetic predisposition, but do not have concomitant diseases and moya-moya syndrome – angiographic changes in patients are the same as in patients with moya-moya disease, but there is an underlying disease that is the cause.We analyzed the probable changes in the central nervous system during cystinosis and concluded that the underlying disease cannot be the cause of the identified changes and when observing this patient, we encountered two independent conditions, which required a team approach to determining treatment tactics and further observation.Timely diagnosis made it possible to improve the further prognosis of the disease, but also the patient’s quality of life, stop episodes of cerebral ischemia, and prevent the development of neurological deficits.
Early MRI Can Predict the Indication for Surgery in Brachial Plexus Birth Injury
Authors: Bauer Andrea S. , Van Heest Ann E. , Manske M. Claire , Shen Peter Y. , Asis Martin J. , Chang Jennifer , Taylor Sandra , James Michelle A. 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has not been routinely used for infants with brachial plexus birth injury (BPBI); instead, the decision to operate is based on the trajectory of clinical recovery by 6 months of age. The aim of this study was to develop an MRI protocol that can be performed without sedation or contrast in order to identify infants who would benefit from surgery at an earlier age than the age at which that decision could be made clinically.

Methods:
This prospective multicenter NAPTIME (Non-Anesthetized Plexus Technique for Infant MRI Evaluation) study included infants aged 28 to 120 days with BPBI from 3 tertiary care centers. Subjects had nonsedated non-contrast rapid volumetric proton density MRI on 3-T scanners. Neuroradiologists at each site calculated the NAPTIME nerve root injury score for subjects at their site. Interrater reliability was performed on a subset of subjects. All of the subjects were evaluated with routine clinical examinations up to 6 months of age, by which time the treating surgeon determined whether to offer nerve surgery. Surgeons were blinded to the MRI results. The ability of the NAPTIME score to discriminate surgeon indication for surgery was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, by estimating the area under the curve (AUC) across the range of NAPTIME scores.

Results:
Sixty-five infants successfully completed the NAPTIME MRI; 18 (28%) ultimately met the clinical criteria for nerve surgery. The interrater reliability for the NAPTIME score was moderate at 0.703 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.582 to 0.818). The median NAPTIME score for subjects who met the criteria for nerve surgery was 16.2 (interquartile range [IQR], 9.9 to 18.9), while the median score for those who did not was 7.0 (IQR, 5.0 to10.5). The NAPTIME score predicted meeting the criteria for surgery with an AUC of 0.812 (95% CI, 0.688 to 0.936). A score of >13 offered a specificity of 0.94 and a sensitivity of 0.61 for surgical indication.

Conclusions:
Non-contrast MRI without sedation is a useful tool in determining the severity of injury in BPBI. The NAPTIME score might distinguish which infants will meet the criteria for reconstructive nerve surgery earlier than when the decision can be made clinically.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
WITHDRAWN: Differential Identification of Childhood Overweight and Obesity Based on Bioimpedance Analysis of Body Composition
Authors: zhong qiong , zhou zhangming , zhai lei , yang jun , deng lan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

29 January, 2025. Research Square has withdrawn this preprint due to overlap with another author's published work: [Wiad Lek. 2024;77(3):402-408. doi: 10.36740/WLek202403105](https://wiadlek.pl/wp-content/uploads/archive/2024/WiadLek2024i3.pdf).
Learning Interpretable Network Dynamics via Universal Neural Symbolic Regression
Authors: Cui Jiaxu , Hu Jiao , Yang Bo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Discovering governing equations of complex network dynamics is a fundamental challenge in contemporary science with rich data, which can uncover the hidden patterns and mechanisms of the formation and evolution of complex phenomena in various fields and assist in decision-making. In this work, we develop a universal computational tool that can automatically, efficiently, and accurately learn the symbolic patterns of changes in complex system states by combining the excellent fitting capability of deep learning with the equation inference ability of pre-trained symbolic regression. We perform extensive and intensive experimental verifications on more than ten representative scenarios from fields such as physics, biochemistry, ecology, and epidemiology. The results demonstrate the outstanding effectiveness and efficiency of our tool compared to state-of-the-art symbolic regression techniques for network dynamics. The application to real-world systems including global epidemic transmission and pedestrian movements has verified its practical applicability. We believe that our tool can serve as a universal solution to dispel the fog of hidden mechanisms of changes in complex phenomena, advance toward interpretability, and inspire further scientific discoveries.
Wood ash and green-synthesized nanoparticles as bio-detoxifiers in stored cocoa beans varieties
Authors: Ogundeji Babatunde , Adedeji A. R. , Olalekan-Adeniran M. A. , Sulyok M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Cocoa beans, although greatly important to the economy of many countries across the globe, are prone to fungal and bio-toxin contamination at storage, but must be protected using safer management options. Freshly prepared dried fermented F3 Amazon and CRIN Tc cocoa beans varieties were treated in vivo with wood ash (20 g and 40 g neem and scent leaf ash/kg cocoa beans) and green synthesized neem and scent leaf silver nanoparticles, AgNPs (75ml and 100ml AgNPs/kg cocoa beans) and stored for 120 days under varied storage conditions (29-34oC/RH 55–65% and 29-31oC/RH 85–95%). Fungal multitoxin/secondary metabolite concentrations in the treated beans were determined before and after the period of storage using standard methods. Results obtained from the study were recorded and statistically analyzed. Ash and AgNP treatments applied on the stored cocoa beams in vivo significantly reduced the levels of Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium mycotoxins (P ≤ 0.05) on the F3 Amazon and CRIN Tc cocoa beans varieties. Neem ash treatments at 20 and 40 g/kg cocoa beans were most effective for the control of storage moulds toxin production. The treatments however still need to be subjected to cytotoxicity and sensory analyses to confirm there suitability for cocoa beans preservation.
Natural Variation of Chalk9 Regulates Grain Chalkiness in Rice
Authors: Yan Changjie , Hu Zhi , Liu Hongchun , Guo Min , Han Xiang , Li Youguang , Chen Rujia , Guo Yifan , Yang Yihao , Sun Shengyuan , Zhou Yong , Gu Minghong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Grain chalkiness is an undesirable trait affecting rice quality, concerning both consumers and breeders. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying rice chalkiness remain largely elusive. Here, we identified Chalk9 as a major gene associated with grain chalkiness in a natural population, explaining 28% of the observed variance. Chalk9 encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets OsEBP89 for its ubiquitination and degradation during the post-milk stage to balance storage component accumulation in the endosperm. However, low expression of Chalk9 results in excessive accumulation of OsEBP89, disrupting the homeostasis of storage components and leading to the chalkiness phenotype. A 64-bp insertion/deletion in the Chalk9 promoter contributes to its differential transcriptional levels, thus causing chalkiness variation among rice varieties. Moreover, the introgression of the elite allele Chalk9-L into a high-chalkiness rice variety reduced the chalky grain rate by up to 20% and the degree of chalkiness by up to 40%, without compromising yield. Chalk9-L was strongly selected during japonica rice domestication and gradually incorporated into modern indica breeding programs. Our findings reveal novel molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying chalkiness and provide a potential strategy for breeding novel rice variety with improved quality.
Exploring Gender Identity in Medical Trainees and Practicing Physicians: A Preliminary Observation from Lebanon
Authors: Jardaly MohammadAli , Shaarani Issam 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
Gender identity awareness is increasing in medicine, yet data collection in Lebanon remains largely binary. This study examines gender identity trends among medical trainees and physicians.
Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among final-year medical students, residents, fellows, and attending physicians at all six private Lebanese medical schools and affiliated hospitals. The gender question included "male," "female," and "prefer not to answer" to ensure IRB approval.
Results:
Among 278 respondents (17.46% response rate), 13 (4.7%) chose "prefer not to answer"—6.1% of students, 8.1% of residents/fellows, and only 1.2% of attending physicians. Nearly all were trainees.
Conclusion:
A trend toward expressing non-binary gender identity appears more common among younger medical professionals and doctors in training in Lebanon. Further research is needed to explore this shift and its implications for medical education and practice.
Exploring the mechanism of artemisinin in alleviating lung injury caused by cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology
Authors: Hu Encong , Fang Jianjiang , Lu Shaoyan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective:To elucidate the mechanisms through which artemisinin mitigates lung injury post-cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CA-CPR), this study applies network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques.
Methods:Target proteins for artemisinin were pinpointed using the TCM System Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform, the Herb Database, and GeneCards. Predictive analyses for lung injury-related targets post-CA-CPR were conducted through GeneCards, with intersections analyzed to identify shared targets. The STRING Database was utilized to create a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and core targets were determined using Cytoscape 3.7.2 software. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed via the Weisenxin online mapping website, while molecular docking was executed with Autodock Vina 1.1.2, and visualization was achieved using PyMOL 2.1 software.
Results:A total of 202 artemisinin targets, 7348 disease targets, 195 intersecting targets, and 21 core targets were identified. GO analysis revealed 78 cell components, 2873 biological processes, and 186 molecular functions. KEGG analysis highlighted involvement in pathways such as PI3K-Akt, AGE-RAGE, apoptosis, and TNF. Molecular docking results indicated strong binding activity of artemisinin with the core targets.
Conclusion:Artemisinin may mitigate lung injury following cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation through various pathways and targets, suggesting new avenues for further basic and clinical research.
External and internal influences on prepartum body image: a qualitative study
Authors: Arellano Alejandra , Roberts Ruth , Perez Alejandra , Panagiotopoulou Elena 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Research suggests that it is crucial to better understand prepartum body image experiences as they are associated with various maternal and infant outcomes. However, the available evidence is mixed. The lack of consensus reflects the complexity of this phenomenon and the need for greater emphasis on qualitative methods to better understand the range and nuances of such experiences. In line with evidence that body image is a multisensory construct, involving sensations that arise both within and outside the body, we set out to explore external and internal influences on pregnant women’s body image experiences, using a qualitative approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with first-time expectant mothers (N=10) during the third trimester of pregnancy. Thematic analysis revealed three themes: a sense of two bodies existing in one; conflicts and tensions due to internal and external changes; and the need for external support and reassurance. The implications of this research are important and potentially far-reaching, generating hypotheses and aiding the design of future studies, which can eventually help medical and mental health professionals in perinatal care better understand the complexity of prepartum body image experiences and support pregnant women. Various restrictions in response to the outbreak of COVID-19 were imposed when this study was conducted, offering a unique opportunity to consider the pandemic and associated restrictions as a contextual factor, which can also be informative to families facing restrictions due to other reasons, such as chronic illness or socio-political circumstances.
MFDI: Securing IIoT: An Investigation intoMachine Learning-Based False Data Injection Attacks
Authors: Saurabh Kumar Saurabh Kumar , Sharma Ashwani Kumar Sharma Ashwani Kumar , Mishra Supriya Mishra Supriya , Kumar Alok Kumar Alok 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Now a days, Industries like manufacturing, power generation, and smart transportation are using advanced internet-connected systems. Unfortunately, this makes them more vulnerable to cyberattacks. To protect against these attacks, policymakers have created rules, implemented security features like secure login and encryption to safeguard these systems. However, the increasing number of cyberattacks like SQL injection attacks, False data Injection attacks, Phishing, etc. shows that these measures are not enough, and have some limitations. The false data injection attack is one of the most accruing attacks possible on Physical and cyber layers both. In Ukraine, there is a total blackout due to false data injection attacks, such case study of FDI attacks in power systems shows the severity of false data injection attacks. In this FDI attack, machines show wrong readings which might lead to economic and life loss, as critical infrastructures like hospitals, smart grids, modern transportation systems, etc. are fully dependent on electricity. In this paper, a few best-performing Machine learning algorithms have been implemented and after Exploratory Data Analysis and Data Preprocessing steps, GridSearchCv is used for hyperparameter tuning, which makes our proposed model outperformer than previous works in FDI attack detection. To evaluate the proposed model’s reliability, the performance evaluation is also done on Power System Attack Datasets provided by Mississippi State University and Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The Decision Tree algorithm stands out as the top performer with a training accuracy of 100% and a testing accuracy of 98%. the other performance metrics like Recall, F1 score, sensitivity training, and testing time also scored well in terms of comparison with other algorithms.
The Impact of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress on Anemia Development in Chronic Kidney Disease: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Ogolla Collince Odiwuor , Karani Lucy W. , Musyoki Stanslaus 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background: Anemia is a common and significant complication in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) that can lead to adverse outcomes such as cardiovascular events, reduced quality of life, and accelerated progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Iron deficiency and insufficient erythropoietin (EPO) levels are key mechanisms in the development of anemia in CKD. While erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) are used to manage anemia, their efficacy is often compromised in patients with iron deficiency.
Objective: To explore the effects of iron deficiency and erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA) on anemia management and kidney function in CKD, focusing on the underlying mechanisms involved.
Methods: This observational study included 120 patients with CKD stages 3 to 5, with measurements of hemoglobin levels, iron parameters (serum ferritin and transferrin saturation), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein) at baseline and after 6 months. Data were analyzed using statistical methods including paired t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and multivariate regression analysis to explore the relationships between iron status, ESA therapy, anemia progression, and kidney function decline.
Results: At baseline, 65% of the cohort was iron deficient. ESA therapy, in combination with iron supplementation, was associated with a significant increase in hemoglobin levels (mean increase of 2.5 g/dL, p < 0.001) and a slower rate of eGFR decline compared to those not receiving ESA therapy. Intravenous iron supplementation significantly improved iron parameters and enhanced ESA response, contributing to better management of anemia and kidney function preservation.
Conclusion: Iron deficiency plays a critical role in anemia treatment in CKD, and combining ESA therapy with iron supplementation, particularly intravenous iron, improves anemia control and may help slow the progression of kidney disease. These findings highlight the importance of addressing iron deficiency in CKD patients to improve both hematologic and renal outcomes. Further studies are needed to investigate the long-term effects of this therapeutic approach.
Adaptation of the Thought Suppression Inventory for use in a Greek population
Authors: Karali Evangeli , Manoussaki Kallia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Intrusive (unwanted) thoughts occur spontaneously and can cause considerable difficulty among neurodiverse, neurologically impaired and psychiatric populations. Depending on content and frequency they may interfere with cognitive processing, cause cognitive overload and are associated with emotional distress. Intrusions are commonly negative in both content and affect and often incongruent with the individual’s values. Thought suppression refers to attempts to control or block intrusive thoughts and involves both conscious and unconscious processes.The Thought Suppression Inventory (TSI) was designed by Rassin (2003) to measure Intrusion, Suppression and Effective Suppression. The current brief report presents the procedure for adaptation of the TSI for use among a Greek population. The report describes the extensive review of the instrument by peers and by a sample of the target population as well as the utilisation of multiple translations to ensure the closest possible approximation of the Greek version to the original instrument, with a particular focus on linguistic and cultural nuances.
Unraveling the role of autophagy and antioxidants in anther and pistil responses to heat stress in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)
Authors: Mohammadi Valiollah , rezaeizadeh Ahmad , mondak Behnam , rasulnia Abdolrahman , Domínguez-Figueroa José , Carrillo Laura , Romero-Hernandez Gara , Medina Joaquin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Climate change and global warming have increasingly influenced yield and quality of rapeseed (Brassica napus) almost all across the world. The response of reproductive organs to high-temperature stress was studied in two rapeseed varieties, SAFI5 and DH13 with contrasting levels of heat stress tolerance. Pollen germination, viability, and seed set showed a significant reduction in the heat-sensitive variety (DH13). Superoxide quantification revealed higher accumulation in heat-sensitive variety, leading to decreased seed formation and floret fertility most probably due to declined pollen viability and stigma receptivity. Further microscopic analysis of the anther and pistil demonstrated a significant overlay between the damaged areas and the location of O2- accumulation. The sensitive variety showed higher O2-accumulation and a wider damage area than the tolerant one, suggesting that superoxide could incapacitate anther and pistil due to structural injury. Moreover, the activity levels and expression of superoxide dismutase and catalase antioxidant enzymes were significantly higher in the anther and pistil of the tolerant variety. Histochemical analysis also indicated markedly higher autophagosome formation in tolerant variety’s anther and pistil. Consistently, the expression levels of autophagy and ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS)-related genes including BnATG8d, BnEXO70B, BnATl1 4A, and BnNBR1, as well as ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1, were higher in both reproductive organs of the tolerant variety. Interestingly, the areas of autophagosome formation overlapped with the areas in which higher superoxide accumulation and structural changes happened, suggesting a specific role of autophagy in oxidative stress response.