bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diazepam Inhibits Organophosphate‐induced Central Respiratory Depression
Authors: Dickson Eric W. , Bird Steven B. , Gaspari Romolo J. , Boyer Edward W. , Ferris Craig F. 
Published: December 2003

Abstract Objectives: Current evidence suggests that mortality from acute organophosphate (OP) poisoning is partially mediated through central nervous system (CNS) respiratory center depression (CRD). However, the exact mechanism of OP‐induced CRD is unknown. In these studies, the authors investigated the hypothesis that OP‐induced CRD is the result of overstimulation of CNS respiratory centers. Methods: Wistar rats received prophylaxis with either normal saline (controls), atropine, the peripherally acting anticholinergics glycopyrrolate (GLYC), ipratropium bromide (IB), or the CNS respiratory center attenuator diazepam. To determine if a dual CNS/peripheral cholinergic mechanism is responsible for animal death, two additional groups received combination treatment with diazepam plus either IB or GLYC. All treatments were completed 5 minutes before OP with subcutaneous dichlorvos. Differences in 10‐minute and 24‐hour mortality were assessed by the Fisher exact test. Results: Dichlorvos poisoning resulted in profound fasciculations without obvious seizure in all cohorts. In controls and animals treated with peripherally acting anticholinergics, fasciculations were followed by sedation and respiratory arrest (0% 10‐minute survival in all cohorts). In contrast, pretreatment with either atropine or diazepam significantly improved 10‐minute survival (100% and 44%, respectively). Although GLYC or IB afforded no protection when given alone, when delivered in conjunction with diazepam, the combination significantly improved survival (both groups 88% at 24 hours), suggesting a dual CNS/pulmonary muscarinic mechanism of lethality. Conclusions: The central respiratory depressant diazepam paradoxically attenuates organophosphate‐induced respiratory depression, and when combined with peripherally acting anticholinergic agents, reduces mortality in a rat model of severe acute OP poisoning.
Phase II Trial of Carboxyamidotriazole in Patients With Relapsed Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Hussain Mahrukh M. , Kotz Herbert , Minasian Lori , Premkumar Ahalya , Sarosy Gisele , Reed Eddie , Zhai Suoping , Steinberg Seth M. , Raggio Miranda , Oliver Vyta Kulpa , Figg William D. , Kohn Elise C. 
Published: November 2003

Purpose: Carboxyamidotriazole (CAI) is a cytostatic inhibitor of nonvoltage-operated calcium channels and calcium channel–mediated signaling pathways. It inhibits angiogenesis, tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. We hypothesized that CAI would promote disease stabilization lasting ≥ 6 months in patients with relapsed ovarian cancer. Patients and Methods: Patients with epithelial ovarian cancer, good end-organ function, measurable disease, and three or fewer prior regimens were eligible. Oral CAI was given daily using a pharmacokinetic-dosing approach to maintain plasma concentrations between 2 and 4 μg/mL. Radiographic imaging to assess response was performed every 8 weeks. Positive outcome included stabilization or improvement of disease lasting ≥ 6 months. Plasma vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin (IL)-8, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 were measured. Results: Thirty-six patients were assessable for primary end point analysis, and 38 were assessable for toxicity. Forty-four percent of patients had three prior regimens, more than 50% had four or more disease sites, and 48% had liver metastases. Thirty-three patients reached the targeted concentration range during the first cycle. Eleven patients (31%) attained the ≥ 6-month outcome end point, with one partial response (8 months) and three minor responses (8, 12+, and 13 months). Median time to progression was 3.6 months (range, 1.6 to 13.3 months). CAI was well tolerated, with mostly grade 1 to 2 toxicity. Grade 3 events included fatigue (5%), vomiting (2%), neutropenic fever (2%), and neutropenia (2%). There were no grade 4 adverse events. No associations between VEGF, IL-8, and MMP-2 with CAI concentration or clinical outcome were observed. Conclusion: CAI is a potential agent for additional study in the stabilization of relapsed ovarian cancer. Given a limited toxicity profile, it may have utility as a maintenance therapeutic agent for this disease.
Nonablative Allogeneic Stem-Cell Transplantation for Advanced/Recurrent Mantle-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Khouri Issa F. , Lee Ming-S. , Saliba Rima M. , Jun Gu , Fayad Luis , Younes Anas , Pro Barbara , Acholonu Sandra , McLaughlin Peter , Katz Ruth L. , Champlin Richard E. 
Published: November 2003

Purpose: Patients with relapsed mantle-cell lymphoma have poor prognosis and short survival. Our aim was to determine the efficacy of nonablative allogeneic stem-cell transplantation in patients with relapsed mantle-cell lymphoma. Patients and Methods: Eighteen patients were treated in one of two consecutive trials. Thirteen patients underwent a conditioning regimen of fludarabine (30 mg/m2 daily for 3 days), cyclophosphamide (750 mg/m2 daily for 3 days), and high-dose rituximab. For the remaining five patients, the conditioning regimen consisted of cisplatin (25 mg/m2 daily for 4 days), fludarabine (30 mg/m2 daily for 2 days), and cytarabine (1,000 mg/m2 daily for 2 days). Tacrolimus and methotrexate were used for graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis. Results: The median age was 56.5 years. Patients underwent a median of three prior chemotherapy regimens. Prior autologous transplantation failed in five (28%) patients and 16 (89%) had chemosensitive disease. Donor cell engraftment occurred in all patients. Eight patients (44%) required no platelet or RBC transfusion, and acute graft-versus-host disease of greater than grade 2 did not develop in any patient. The day-100 mortality was 0%. Complete remission (CR) occurred in 17 patients. Three patients progressed, and one was reinduced into continuous CR with donor lymphocyte infusion. With a median follow-up period of 26 months, the actuarial probability of current-event-free-survival at 3 years was 82% (95% CI, 65% to 99%). Conclusion:Our data suggest that nonablative allogeneic transplantation is a safe and potentially effective strategy for patients with relapsed and chemosensitive mantle-cell lymphoma.
High Risk of Subsequent Neoplasms Continues With Extended Follow-Up of Childhood Hodgkin’s Disease: Report From the Late Effects Study Group
Authors: Bhatia Smita , Yasui Yutaka , Robison Leslie L. , Birch Jillian M. , Bogue Monica K. , Diller Lisa , DeLaat Cyndi , Fossati-Bellani Franca , Morgan Elaine , Oberlin Odile , Reaman Gregory , Ruymann Frederick B. , Tersak Jean , Meadows Anna T. 
Published: November 2003

Purpose: We present an update of a previously reported Late Effects Study Group cohort of 1,380 children with Hodgkin’s disease (HD) diagnosed between 1955 and 1986 in patients aged 16 years or younger. We describe the pattern and incidence of subsequent neoplasms (SNs) occurring with extended follow-up. Patients and Methods: Median age at diagnosis of HD was 11.7 years (range, 0.3 to 16.9 years) and at last follow-up was 27.8 years. Median length of follow-up was 17.0 years. Results: An additional 103 SNs were ascertained (total SNs = 212). The cohort was at an 18.5-fold increased risk of developing SNs compared with the general population (standardized incidence ratio [SIR], 18.5, 95% CI, 15.6 to 21.7). The cumulative incidence of any second malignancy was 10.6% at 20 years, increasing to 26.3% at 30 years; and of solid malignancies was 7.3% at 20 years, increasing to 23.5% at 30 years. Breast cancer was the most common solid malignancy (SIR, 56.7). Other commonly occurring solid malignancies included thyroid cancer (SIR, 36.4), bone tumors (SIR, 37.1), and colorectal (SIR, 36.4), lung (SIR, 27.3), and gastric cancers (SIR, 63.9). Risk factors for solid tumors included young age at HD and radiation-based therapy. Thirty-two patients developed third neoplasms, with the cumulative incidence approaching 21% at 10 years from diagnosis of second malignancy. Conclusion: Additional follow-up of this large cohort of HD survivors documents an increasing occurrence of known radiation-associated solid tumors, (breast and thyroid cancers), as well as emergence of epithelial neoplasms common in adults, (colon and lung cancers) at a younger age than expected in the general population, necessitating ongoing surveillance of this high risk population.
Photoperiodic Regulation of Leptin Sensitivity in the Siberian Hamster, Phodopus sungorus, Is Reflected in Arcuate Nucleus SOCS-3 (Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling) Gene Expression
Authors: Tups Alexander , Ellis Claire , Moar Kim M. , Logie Tracy J. , Adam Clare L. , Mercer Julian G. , Klingenspor Martin 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
We present the first evidence that suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3), a protein inhibiting Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling distal of the leptin receptor, conveys seasonal changes in leptin sensitivity in the Siberian hamster. Food deprivation (48 h) reduced SOCS3 gene expression in hamsters acclimated to either long (LD) or short (SD) photoperiods, suggesting that leptin signals acute starvation regardless of photoperiod. However, SOCS3 mRNA levels were substantially lower in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus of hamsters acclimated to SD than in those raised in LD. In juveniles raised in LD, a rapid increase in SOCS3 mRNA was observed within 4 d of weaning, which was completely prevented by transfer to SD on the day of weaning. The early increase in SOCS3 gene expression in juvenile hamsters in LD clearly preceded the establishment of different body weight trajectories in LD and SD. In adult LD hamsters, SOCS3 mRNA was maintained at an elevated level despite the chronic food restriction imposed to lower body weight and serum leptin to or even below SD levels. A single injection of leptin in SD hamsters elevated SOCS3 mRNA to LD levels, whereas leptin treatment had no effect on SOCS3 gene expression in LD hamsters. Our results suggest that the development of leptin resistance in LD-acclimated hamsters involves SOCS3-mediated suppression of leptin signaling in the arcuate nucleus. Increased SOCS3 expression in LD hamsters is independent of body fat and serum leptin levels, suggesting that the photoperiod is able to trigger the biannual reversible switch in leptin sensitivity.
Distinctness of Reaction - Ein Messverfahren zur Beurteilung von Echtzeitsystemen (Teil 2) (Distinctness of Reaction - A Method for the Evaluation of Real-Time Systems (Part 2))
Authors: Albert Amos , Wolter Björn , Gerth Wilfried 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Dieser Artikel stellt die Fortsetzung des Aufsatzes [1] dar und widmet sich weiteren Einsatzmöglichkeiten der in [1] eingeführten Messmethode ´Distinctness of Reaction´ zur Beurteilung von Echtzeitsystemen.
Regelung der Leistungsaufteilung von Parallelhybridfahrzeugen: Von der optimalen Steuerung zur Echtzeitanwendung (On the Power Split Control of Parallel Hybrid Vehicles: from Global Optimization towards Real-time Control)
Authors: Sciarretta Antonio , Guzzella Lino , Onder Christopher H. 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
In this paper, the optimal power split control law of a parallel hybrid powertrain is calculated for various driving conditions. It is shown that this optimal feedforward control law corresponds to a real-time control design based on the concept of equivalence factors. Certain properties of these equivalence factors are presented, which will lead to the design of a real-time controller.
On-Board-Kalibrierung eines Ottomotors anhand von Verbrennungsmodellen und Ionenstromrückführung (Towards On-Board Engine Calibration with Feedback Control Incorporating Combustion Models and Ion-sense)
Authors: Eriksson Lars , Nielsen Lars 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Ion-sense is a technique to probe the in-cylinder combustion by applying, after ignition, a sense voltage across the spark plug gap and measure the current through the gap. This current measurement is a complicated function that contains a lot of information about the in-cylinder pressure, temperature and combustion. To extract this information, a major contribution here is a simple analytical ionization current model that consists of explicit analytical submodels for in-cylinder pressure, temperature, thermal ionization, and ionization current. Since the model is analytical, the on-board signal interpretation is a simple adaptation of some model parameters. Experimental validation shows good agreement, and thus paves the way towards real-time on-board engine calibration.
Vor dem Regler: Ein Verfahren zur Mehrfach-Objektverfolgung füur Fahrerassistenzsysteme (Before the Controller: A Multiple Target Tracking Routine for Driver Assistance Systems)
Authors: Caveney Derek , Dickmanns Dirk , Hedrick J. Karl 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
This paper presents a probabilistic approach to multiple target tracking with applications to driver assistance systems. The authors develop the probabilistic theory behind two routines that together handle uncertain target motion and uncertain measurement origin. The first algorithm incorporates multiple target motion models and acts like a self-adjusting, variable-bandwidth filter to accurately track a single target during all possible motion. The second algorithm allows for multiple targets to be tracked simultaneously by performing a computationally-bounded, measurement-association process. The complementary nature of these two routines is highlighted and their ability to incorporate measurements from multiple sensors is also discussed. The effectiveness of this probabilistic approach is illustrated through experimental test results.
Sonderforschungsbereich 376 Massive Parallelität: Algorithmen – Entwurfsmethoden – Anwendungen (Massively Parallel Computing: Algorithms – Design Methods – Applications)
Authors: Meyer auf der Heide Friedhelm 
Published: December 2003

Zusammenfassung
Vernetzte Systeme sind zu unverzichtbaren Bestandteilen unseres Umfelds geworden, zum Beispiel als Höchstleistungsrechner, als Kommunikations- und Informationssysteme oder als Planungs- und Steuerungskomponenten von Transport- und Produktionssystemen. Die ständig wachsende Komplexität solcher Systeme stellt Informatiker und Ingenieure vor immer neue Herausforderungen. In diesem Beitrag beschreibe ich die Zielsetzungen und die Struktur des SFB 376 Massive Parallelität: Algorithmen – Entwurfsmethoden – Anwendungen. Als Beispiel für unsere Arbeiten beschreibe ich einen algorithmisch orientierten Forschungszweig, in dem wir, ausgehend von theoretischen Problemen über effiziente Simulationen zwischen parallelen Rechenmodellen, Methoden, Techniken und Implementierungen entwickelt haben, die zu produktnahen Prototypen für die Speichervirtualisierung in verteilten Datenservern führen.
Systeme für eine hocheffiziente elektrische und optische Kurzstreckenübertragung im SAN-Bereich (Systems for High-Efficient Electrical and Optical Short-Distance Data Transmission in System-Area-Networks)
Authors: Brüning Ulrich , Krackhardt Ulrich 
Published: December 2003

Zusammenfassung
Die stetig wachsende Anforderung an Rechenleistung hat neben der Leistungssteigerung von Einzelsystemen auch zur Nutzung verteilter Ressourcen geführt. Im LAN-Bereich wird die Rechenaufgabe partitioniert und auf mehrere Workstations in einem Netzwerk verteilt (Cluster-Computing). Auf der Systemebene (SAN) werden einzelne spezialisierte Sub-Systeme auf einer Platine (board-to-board) oder in einem Raum (rack-to-rack) verbunden. Die Begrenzung verteilter Systeme ist nicht mehr durch die Rechenleistung, sondern durch die Übertragungsbandbreite und die Kommunikationslatenz gegeben. Es werden für die elektrische bzw. optische Übertragung stellvertretend zwei Systeme beschrieben, die breitbandige Verbindungen mit geringer Latenz ermöglichen und keine externe Steuerung bzw. Überwachung benötigen. Für die elektrische Übertragung ist dies die in Entwicklung befindliche Netzwerkkarte "ATOLL" (Atomic low Latency), die das gesamte Protokollmanagement einschließlich Fehlerkorrektur wie auch das Routing vollkommen autonom übernimmt. ATOLL bietet einen bidirektionalen 4×4-Kreuzschienenverteiler mit Übertragungsbandbreiten von bis zu 2 GByte/s. Als optisches Übertragungssystem für Board-to-Board- oder Rack-to-Rack-Anwendungen wird ein faserbasiertes Multiplex-Übertragungssystem vorgestellt. Die Multiplexfunktion wird rein passiv optisch realisiert; externe Steuersignale entfallen somit. Das System erlaubt die Übertragung von typischerweise 12 bis 16 logischen Kanälen durch eine einzige Faser und über Entfernungen von einigen cm bis zu einigen Metern mit akkumulierten Bandbreiten im Bereich von 1 THz×m. Es wird ein System mit mikrointegrierten optischen Modulen und Schnittstellen in Form von standardisierten Fasersteckern vorgestellt.
Emergency Department Access to Buprenorphine for Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Herring Andrew A. , Rosen Allison D. , Samuels Elizabeth A. , Lin Chunqing , Speener Melissa , Kaleekal John , Shoptaw Steven J. , Moulin Aimee K. , Campbell Arianna , Anderson Erik , Kalmin Mariah M. 
Published: January 2024

ImportanceAlthough substantial evidence supports buprenorphine for treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) in controlled trials, prospective study of patient outcomes in clinical implementation of emergency department (ED) buprenorphine treatment is lacking.ObjectiveTo examine the association between buprenorphine treatment in the ED and follow-up engagement in OUD treatment 1 month later.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis multisite cohort study was conducted in 7 California EDs participating in a statewide implementation project to improve access to buprenorphine treatment. The study population included ED patients aged at least 18 years identified with OUD between April 1, 2021, and June 30, 2022. Data analysis was performed in October 2023.ExposureAll participants were offered buprenorphine treatment for OUD (either in ED administration, prescription, or both), the uptake of which was examined as the exposure of interest.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was engagement in OUD treatment 30 days after the ED visit, determined by patient report or clinical documentation. The association of ED buprenorphine treatment with subsequent OUD treatment engagement was estimated using hierarchical generalized linear models.ResultsThis analysis included 464 ED patients with OUD. Their median age was 36.0 (IQR, 29.0-38.7) years, and most were men (343 [73.9%]). With regard to race and ethnicity, 64 patients (13.8%) self-identified as non-Hispanic Black, 183 (39.4%) as Hispanic, and 185 as non-Hispanic White (39.9%). Most patients (396 [85.3%]) had Medicaid insurance, and more than half (262 [57.8%]) had unstable housing. Self-reported fentanyl use (242 [52.2%]) and a comorbid mental health condition (328 [71.5%]) were common. Interest in buprenorphine treatment was high: 398 patients (85.8%) received buprenorphine treatment; 269 (58.0%) were administered buprenorphine in the ED and 339 (73.1%) were prescribed buprenorphine. With regard to OUD treatment engagement at 30 days after the ED visit, 198 participants (49.7%) who received ED buprenorphine treatment remained engaged compared with 15 participants (22.7%) who did not receive ED buprenorphine treatment. An association of ED buprenorphine treatment with subsequent OUD treatment engagement at 30 days was observed (adjusted risk ratio, 1.97 [95% CI, 1.27-3.07]).Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this cohort study suggest that among patients with OUD presenting to EDs implementing low-threshold access to medications for OUD, buprenorphine treatment was associated with a substantially higher likelihood of follow-up treatment engagement 1 month later. Future research should investigate techniques to optimize both the uptake and effectiveness of buprenorphine initiation in low-threshold settings such as the ED.
Single isocenter versus dual isocenter treatment using flattening filter‐free and jaw‐tracking volumetrically modulated arc therapy for boot‐shaped lung cancer: Evaluation of dosimetric and feasibility
Authors: Zhang Lei , Cheng Hang , Du Fenglei , Shao Kainan , Zheng Shiming , Yang Yiwei , Shan Guoping 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundTo determine whether a dual‐isocenter volumetrically modulated arc therapy (VMAT) technique results in lower normal pulmonary dosage compared to a traditional single isocenter technique for boot‐shaped lung cancer.MethodsA cohort of 15 patients with advanced peripheral or central lung cancer who had metastases in the mediastinum and supraclavicular lymph nodes was randomly selected for this retrospective study. VMAT plans were generated for each patient using two different beam alignment techniques with the 6‐MV flattening filter‐free (FFF) photon beam: single‐isocenter jaw‐tracking VMAT based on the Varian TrueBeam linear accelerator (S‐TV), and dual‐isocenter VMAT based on both TrueBeam (D‐TV) and Halcyon linear accelerator (D‐HV). For all 45 treatment plans, planning target volume (PTV) dose coverage, conformity/homogeneity index (CI/HI), mean heart dose (MHD), mean lung dose (MLD) and the total lung tissue receiving 5, 20, 30 Gy (V5, V20, V30) were evaluated. The monitor units (MUs), delivery time, and plan quality assurance (QA) results were recorded.ResultsThe quality of the objectives of the three plans was comparable to each other. In comparison with S‐TV, D‐TV and D‐HV improved the CI and HI of the PTV (p < 0.05). The MLD was 13.84 ± 1.44 Gy (mean ± SD) for D‐TV, 14.22 ± 1.30 Gy and 14.16 ± 1.42 Gy for S‐TV and D‐HV, respectively. Lungs‐V5Gy was 50.78 ± 6.24%, 52.00 ± 7.32% and 53.36 ± 8.48%, Lungs‐V20Gy was 23.72 ± 2.27%, 26.18 ± 2.86% and 24.96 ± 3.09%, Lungs‐V30Gy was 15.69 ± 1.76%, 17.20 ± 1.72% and 16.52 ± 2.07%. Compared to S‐TV, D‐TV provided statistically significant better protection for the total lung, with the exception of the lungs‐V5. All plans passed QA according the gamma criteria of 3%/3 mm.ConclusionsTaking into account the dosimetric results and published clinical data on radiation‐induced pulmonary injury, dual‐isocenter jaw‐tracking VMAT may be the optimal choice for treating boot‐shaped lung cancer.
Advances in Polymer‐Based Organic Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence Materials
Authors: Dou Xueyu , Wang Xu , Xie Xilei , Zhang Jian , Li Yong , Tang Bo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOrganic room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials are actively explored as attractive candidates for optoelectronic and bioelectronics applications given their unique long‐lived excited‐state features and inherent merits of low‐cost, appreciable functionality, and good biocompatibility. In recent years, many efforts in molecular design and aggregation modulation are devoted to achiev efficient RTP from organics, among which an emerging strategy focuses on confining chromophores within polymer matrices. Polymers possess intertwined chains making them a good platform to restrain the nonradiative decays and quenching, allowing the triplet excitons to survive a long time enough for emission at room temperature. Progress relating to polymer‐based organic RTP materials is highlighted as a new creative subject in the field. This review outlines recent advancements in polymer‐based organic RTP materials. The fundamental mechanism of organic RTP is first presented. Thereafter, design considerations and strategies to construct polymer‐based organic RTP materials are summarized in detail. Several promising progresses in the proposed use of these RTP materials, such as encryption and anti‐counterfeiting, sensors, and bioimaging are overviewed. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives are discussed to emphasize the directions that deserve focus attention in the field.