bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alloantigen Infusion Activates the Transcriptome of Type 2 Conventional Dendritic Cells
Authors: Schroth Samantha L , Jones Rebecca T L , Thorp Edward B 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Recent studies have revealed novel molecular mechanisms by which innate monocytic cells acutely recognize and respond to alloantigen with significance to allograft rejection and tolerance. What remains unclear is the single-cell heterogeneity of the innate alloresponse, particularly the contribution of dendritic cell (DC) subsets. To investigate the response of these cells to exposure of alloantigen, C57BL/6J mice were administered live allogenic BALB/cJ splenic murine cells versus isogenic cells. In parallel, we infused apoptotic allogenic and isogenic cells, which have been reported to modulate immunity. Forty-eight hours after injection, recipient spleens were harvested, enriched for DCs, and subjected to single-cell mRNA sequencing. Injection of live cells induced a greater transcriptional change across DC subsets compared with apoptotic cells. In the setting of live cell infusion, type 2 conventional DCs (cDC2s) were most transcriptionally responsive with a Ccr2+ cDC2 subcluster uniquely responding to the presence of alloantigen compared with the isogenic control. In vitro experimentation confirmed unique activation of CCR2+ cDC2s following alloantigen exposure. Candidate receptors of allorecognition in other innate populations were interrogated and A type paired Ig-like receptors were found to be increased in the cDC2 population following alloexposure. These results illuminate previously unclear distinctions between therapeutic infusions of live versus apoptotic allogenic cells and suggest a role for cDC2s in innate allorecognition. More critically, these studies allow for future interrogation of the transcriptional response of immune cells in the setting of alloantigen exposure in vivo, encouraging assessment of novel pathways and previously unexamined receptors in this setting.
Pharmacognostic characterization and antibacterial activity of Brugmansia suaveolens (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Bercht. & J. Presl leaves: A traditional Himalayan medicinal plant
Authors: Sharma Shubham , Kalia Pankaj , Palsra Kalpna , Attri Tushar , Khan Huma , Kapoor Vijay Kumar , Pundir Swati 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:

Brugmansia suaveolens (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Bercht. & J. Presl (synonym Brugmansia arborea; family Solanaceae) is one of the total seven species of Brugmansia which is commonly known as angel’s trumpet. It has analgesic, antinociceptive, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiasthmatic, and various other activities. Despite its numerous medicinal properties, it has never been explored for its potential against bacterial species; also, no publication has been made on pharmacognostical characterization and high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) investigation of its leaves.

OBJECTIVE:
The aim of this article is to evaluate the pharmacognostical, physicochemical, HPTLC profiles of B. suaveolens leaves along with the assessment of in-vitro antibacterial activity of its various fractions.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

B. suaveolens collected from sub-Himalayan region of Himachal Pradesh, India was authenticated and then studied for various pharmacognostic and physicochemical parameters employing proper quality control methods for medicinal plant materials designed by the WHO. Extracts and fractions of air-dried coarse plant powder were prepared and were identified for the presence of various classes of compounds using preliminary phytochemical screening. HPTLC profile for quantitative evaluation of atropine in leaves of B. suaveolens was carried out and lastly, fractions were assessed for antibacterial activity by using disc diffusion method against chloramphenicol as standard.

RESULTS:
Transverse section, powder microscopy, leaf constants, and physicochemical parameters revealed valuable data to set up standards for the plant. Alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenoids, and carbohydrates were found to be present. HPTLC showed 7.79–13.20%w/w of atropine in the plant. Chloroform and ethyl acetate fraction showed encouraging results against four strains of Gram-negative bacteria with good zone of inhibitions.

CONCLUSION:
The present study provides referential information for identification, authentication, and standardization of this highly important crude drug.
Standard manufacturing procedure of Yava kshara (alkali preparation from Hordeum vulgare L.) with cotton wick method
Authors: Aggarwal Punam , Galib R. , Prajapati Pradeep Kumar 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Ayurveda deals with minerals, metals, and herbs in therapeutics that have been classified into several groups. Among them, Yava kshara (alkali preparation made with the whole plant of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a type of Kshara (alkaline preparation) that is useful in various diseases. Addition of cotton wick in the procedure seems to facilitate the process and increase the yield. However, its actual utility is not yet reported.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to develop a standard manufacturing procedure (SMP) of Yava kshara by using the cotton wick method.

Materials and Methods:
The method of Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India was followed with addition of cotton wick to decant the liquid layers. Yava panchanga (whole plant—root, stem, leaf, flower, and seed of H. vulgare L.) was collected from the fields of Derwala, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan and authenticated at the National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR), New Delhi. Plant was dried and converted into ashes, washed for three times, and the process of decantation by cotton wick method was repeated to obtain alkaline preparation.

Results:
An average of 11.72% w/w Yava kshara was obtained from the first filtrate. The second and third filtrates yielded 2.9% and 1.26%, respectively.

Conclusion:
Addition of cotton wick facilitates decanting process and obtaining clear liquids. The yield is comparatively higher than the earlier reports.
Documentation of ethnomedicine used for livestock health care in Kalaburagi district, Karnataka
Authors: Rathod Manjula A. , Mathad Pratima 
Published: October 2023

AIM:
This work was designed to undertake documentation and explore ethnomedicine for the treatment of livestock’s health care in Kalaburagi through an ethnobotanical survey.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The documentation of ethnomedicine was recorded through ethnobotanical survey by conducting field trips from April 2015 to March 2018 in different Thanda and villages of Kalaburagi district, Karnataka. During the survey traditional practitioners, elderly people, livestock owners, formers, and headman of different Thanda and villages were interviewed for the responses regarding ethnomedicine practices.

RESULTS:
A total 71 of flowering plants from 41 families and 68 genera were involved in the treatment of common livestock’ ailments such as maggot wounds, cuts and wounds, microbial infections, inflammation, bone fracture, gout, joints pain, arthritis, skin diseases, itching, kidney disorders, acidity, cough and cold, throat infection, indigestion, dysentery, bloat, lack of appetite, stomach problems, intestinal worms, foot and mouth disease, weakness and animal bites. The leaves were mostly used in treatment followed by fruits, seeds, root, stem, bark, rhizome, flower, bulb, latex, and whole plant, respectively. The oral administration of juice, decoction, raw, and powder was either given singly or mixed with water, milk, curd, oil, ghee, and honey, whereas pastes of some plant parts were locally applied.

CONCLUSION:
The ethnobotanical survey showed considerable diversity of ethnomedicine used for livestock health care. It was important to explore sustainable use of natural resources for human as well as animal health care, as they are abundantly available in nature in the form of medicinal plants. Obtained data were compared with available literature of different regions of Karnataka and it was observed that many of these uses were not recorded earlier. This study will be helpful to explore more therapeutic uses of plants for livestock’s and may provide a lead in the novel herbal remedies.
Seasonal assessment of asiaticoside content in Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. by HPLC and pharmacognostical studies to establish its best procurement time
Authors: Narasimhaji Ch. Venkata , Mangal Anupam K. , Rekha P. , Ilavarasan R. , Srikanth Narayanam 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:
This study was designed to validate the collection time for the whole plant of Mandookparni [Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.] by assessing the variation in marker compound asiaticoside, a bioactive secondary metabolite with quantitative high performance liquid chromatography in all available seasons along with the observation of morphological and microscopic studies.

METHODS:

Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. the whole plant was collected from the same habitat in all six seasons described in Ayurveda that is Shishir ritu (Jan–Feb), Vasant ritu (Mar-Apr), Grishm ritu (May-Jun), Varsha ritu (July-Aug), Sharad ritu (Sep-Oct), and Hemant ritu (Nov–Dec). The source of collected plant material was authenticated at Central Ayurveda Research Institute (CARI), Jhansi. The voucher specimen was deposited in the CARI herbarium (Accession no. 23602) for future reference. Botanical identification and comparative macro and microscopic studies for samples collected in each season were carried out. The extraction in various solvents such as alcohol, hydro alcohol, and methanol through soxhlet was carried out to evaluate the quantitative analysis of extractive values and asiaticoside in all six seasons through HPLC at Captain Srinivasa Murthy Central Ayurveda Research Institute (CSMCARI), Chennai.

RESULTS:
The whole plant is used for medicinal purpose. It was observed that the flowering and fruiting occur at end of the rainy (Varsha ritu) season and persists up to the winter season (Shishir ritu). Plant material is procured from the same habitat in all seasons from Central Ayurveda Research Institute (CARI) garden, Jhansi. The raw botanical material showed the similar characters in powder microscopy in Shishir ritu, Vasant ritu, Sharad ritu, and Hemant ritu whereas the powder study of Grishma ritu and Varsha ritu was observed without the fruiting parts that is pericarp and endosperm. And other four seasons are same as Shishir ritu. Selected marker compound asiaticoside was quantified in all available seasons by HPLC. The extractive value was found maximum of 2.2332 g (44.66% w/w) in a methanol extract of Grishma ritu sample and HPLC estimation evident for the large quantity of asiaticoside is more upto 0.4596 (% w/w) in Grishma ritu sample.

CONCLUSION:
The highest concentration of asiaticoside was found in the sample collected during Grishma ritu (May and June). Hence, it can be concluded that the best procurement time for Mandukaparni whole plant is Grishma ritu (May and June).
Accuracy of models of partially edentulous arches obtained by three-dimensional printing: An in vitro study
Authors: Curinga Míria Rafaelli Souza , de Sousa Lucas Cavalcante , Pereira Ana Larisse Carneiro , Segundo Henrique Vieira de Melo , Dantas Lucas Medeiros Cunha Maciel , Carreiro Adriana da Fonte Porto 
Published: October 2023

Aim:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of models of partially edentulous arches obtained by three-dimensional (3D) printing.

Settings and Design:
This was an in vitro study.

Materials and Methods:
Fifteen partially edentulous models were evaluated, using two methods of measuring dimensions: virtual, using the Standard Tessellation Language files of the models and software (control group), and physical, through printing the models and digital caliper (test group). For both methods, measurements were made regarding the dimensions of the teeth (width and length – buccal/lingual or palatal/occlusal) and distances between the teeth.

Statistical Analysis Used:
For the variable of linear measurements (width and length) and distances between teeth of the same hemiarch, the Wilcoxon test was used, while for the variable between opposite hemiarches, the paired t-test was used.

Results:
In the evaluation of the linear measurements, a significant difference was observed only when the width of the molar tooth was analyzed (P = 0.014). When the buccal length was measured, all teeth had linear measurements provided by the virtual method that was lower than the physical (P = 0.000), as well as the lingual/palatal length in incisors (P = 0.003) and molars (P = 0.009) and in total (P = 0.001). As for the analyses between teeth, no difference was identified between the measurements provided by the virtual method compared to the physical one.

Conclusions:
The 3D printer used to print partially edentulous models provided linear distortions in the teeth but without changes in the distances between teeth of the same hemiarch and between teeth of opposite hemiarches.
Infinite families of Artin–Schreier function fields with any prescribed class group rank
Authors: Yoo Jinjoo , Lee Yoonjin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe study the Galois module structure of the class groups of the Artin–Schreier extensions K over k of extension degree p, where
$k:={\mathbb F}_q(T)$
is the rational function field and p is a prime number. The structure of the p-part
$Cl_K(p)$
of the ideal class group of K as a finite G-module is determined by the invariant
${\lambda }_n$
, where
$G:=\operatorname {\mathrm {Gal}}(K/k)=\langle {\sigma } \rangle $
is the Galois group of K over k, and
${\lambda }_n = \dim _{{\mathbb F}_p}(Cl_K(p)^{({\sigma }-1)^{n-1}}/Cl_K(p)^{({\sigma }-1)^{n}})$
. We find infinite families of the Artin–Schreier extensions over k whose ideal class groups have guaranteed prescribed
${\lambda }_n$
-rank for
$1 \leq n \leq 3$
. We find an algorithm for computing
${\lambda }_3$
-rank of
$Cl_K(p)$
. Using this algorithm, for a given integer
$t \ge 2$
, we get infinite families of the Artin–Schreier extensions over k whose
${\lambda }_1$
-rank is t,
${\lambda }_2$
-rank is
$t-1$
, and
${\lambda }_3$
-rank is
$t-2$
. In particular, in the case where
$p=2$
, for a given positive integer
$t \ge 2$
, we obtain an infinite family of the Artin–Schreier quadratic extensions over k whose
$2$
-class group rank (resp.
$2^2$
-class group rank and
$2^3$
-class group rank) is exactly t (resp.
$t-1$
and
$t-2$
). Furthermore, we also obtain a similar result on the
$2^n$
-ranks of the divisor class groups of the Artin–Schreier quadratic extensions over k.
“La Virgen de la silla” de la colegiata de Lerma. Una pintura de oro y seda para la magnificencia ducal
Authors: Sama García Antonio 
Published: October 2023

La actual parroquia de san Pedro de Lerma (Burgos), antigua iglesia colegial, todavía conserva un conjunto suntuario de extraordinaria riqueza vinculado a la magnificencia y ostentación del patrocinador del templo, Francisco de Sandoval y Rojas, I duque de Lerma (1533-1625). Entre las obras de este conjunto figura un finísimo tapiz fabricado en seda y oro que ilustra perfectamente el concepto de mecenazgo áulico propiciado por quien fuera gran valido de Felipe III. Se trata de una versión tejida de la pintura original de Rafael Sanzio conocida como La Madonna della seggiola. Según los resultados del trabajo de investigación llevado a cabo, todo invita a pensar que se trata de uno de los cinco paños tejidos en la manufactura ducal de Florencia entre 1599 y 1602 a partir de la composición de Rafael, bajo la dirección de Guasparri Papini.
ini.
Simposio 1: Nuevas insulinas
Authors: Trifone Liliana 
Published: October 2023

El primer uso terapéutico de la insulina en 1921 revolucionó el manejo de la diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1) y cambió considerablemente la vida de muchos pacientes con otros tipos de DM. En el último siglo se desarrollaron muchos avances en el campo de la terapia insulínica para lograr el óptimo control glucémico y disminuir las complicaciones por la DM. Aún existen grandes desafíos, como incrementar la flexibilidad en el tratamiento, reducir la hipoglucemia iatrogénica y optimizar la calidad de vida del paciente. Los problemas con el perfil de acción y extrema variabilidad de las primeras insulinas se han resuelto con modificaciones progresivas en su formulación.
Grandes innovaciones en el campo farmacológico condujeron al desarrollo de los análogos de la insulina que mimetizan más fisiológicamente la secreción de insulina pancreática y permiten la incorporación en los tratamientos de los esquemas de insulina basal-bolo. Nuevas formulaciones de insulina exógena se crearon para acelerar o enlentecer su absorción, análogos de insulinas (insulinas de acción rápida), y para prolongar el perfil más plano y prolongado de acción (insulinas basales). Luego de la inyección subcutánea, la molécula de insulina forma hexámeros que deben ser convertidos en monómeros para su ingreso a los capilares. Las insulinas prandiales, insulinas rápidas, se formularon para el control de la glucemia posprandial y de las excursiones glucémicas. En 1990 y 2000 se desarrollaron tres análogos (aspártica, lispro y glulisina) a través de cambios en la secuencia aminoacídica. Posteriormente se incorporaron aditivos (niacinamida, l-arginina, treprostinil, citrato) para facilitar una rápida absorción, lo que generó la producción de análogos de segunda generación ultra rápidos (ultra rápida aspártica, fiasp y urli, lyumjev). La optimización de las propiedades del PK/PD de estos análogos representa un avance en el control metabólico en DM1 más allá de la HbA1c. Las formulaciones ultra rápidas incrementaron el tiempo en rango glucémico y mitigaron la variabilidad glucémica, con disminución de las hipoglucemias. El desarrollo de las formulaciones de insulina basal se ha sustentado en la obtención de un perfil de acción más plano y prolongado. Esto se puede adquirir en base a la generación de hexámeros estables luego de la inyección subcutánea. Estas formas aumentan la flexibilidad terapéutica (momento de inyección) y conveniencia (menor número de aplicaciones), con menor riesgo de hipoglucemias.
Simposio 10: Cascada de señalización de la insulina y del ejercicio en el músculo estriado
Authors: Pavarotti Martín 
Published: October 2023

El músculo estriado esquelético es uno de los principales tejidos capaz de regular la glucemia, incrementando el transporte de glucosa tanto al estímulo insulínico como por acción del ejercicio físico. En cuanto a la insulina, sabemos que debe contactar y activar a su receptor, desencadenando una importante cascada de señalización donde intervienen moduladores como IRS, PI3K, Akt, AS160 (TBC1D4), entre otros.
Con respecto a la activación disparada por el ejercicio físico, las vías de señalización dilucidadas hasta aquí demostraron ser esenciales en dicho proceso. Entre las proteínas y vías más estudiadas se encuentran: la activación de proteína quinasa activada por AMP 5ʹ (AMPK), proteínas que sensan calcio (CaMKK, CaMKII and nPKC), las cuales a su vez modifican su estado de fosforilación luego del ejercicio, y una serie de proteínas sensibles al estiramiento (Rac1, PAK).
Simposio 10: Mioquinas
Authors: Rodríguez Martín 
Published: October 2023

El músculo esquelético (ME) no es solo una unidad locomotora responsable de la propulsión y regulación de la energía y los procesos metabólicos; ahora se lo reconoce, además, como un órgano capaz de producir moléculas con funciones vitales: las denominadas mioquinas1.
Durante las últimas dos décadas, se hizo evidente que el ME en respuesta al ejercicio funciona como un órgano endocrino, que puede producir y secretar cientos de estas mioquinas que ejercen sus efectos de manera autocrina, paracrina o endocrina, lo que permite una comunicación cruzada entre el ME y otros órganos, incluidos el cerebro, el tejido adiposo, los huesos, el hígado, el intestino, el páncreas, el lecho vascular y la piel, así como con el mismo ME. Aunque solo se ha asignado a unas pocas mioquinas una función específica en humanos, se ha identificado que las funciones biológicas de las mioquinas incluyen efectos en la cognición, el metabolismo de los lípidos e hidratos de carbono, en el empardamiento de la grasa blanca, la formación de hueso, la función de las células endoteliales, en la estructura de la piel y en el crecimiento tumoral. Algunas mioquinas relevantes son la interleucina-6 (IL-6), IL-8, IL-15, irisina, miostatina, factor de crecimiento de fibroblastos 21 (FGF21), factor inhibidor de la leucemia (LIF), factor neurotrófico derivado del cerebro (BDNF) y factor de crecimiento similar a la insulina-1 (IGF-1).
Situación de la obesidad y la diabetes mellitus en la Argentina
Authors: Mociulsky Juliana 
Published: October 2023

El sobrepeso y la obesidad constituyen causas frecuentes, en ascenso creciente, de malnutrición en Argentina. La Encuesta Nacional de Factores de Riesgo (ENFR) refleja que el exceso de peso por autorreporte (la suma del sobrepeso y la obesidad), aumentó de modo continuo a lo largo de sus cuatro ediciones: 49, 53,4, 57,9 y 61,6% (2005, 2009, 2013 y 2018, respectivamente). Este notable crecimiento a expensas de la obesidad aumentó casi un 75% entre 2005 y 2018. La prevalencia de exceso de peso por autorreporte fue mayor en el sexo masculino respecto del femenino (68,5% vs 55,0%). Según mediciones antropométricas realizadas durante la Cuarta ENFR de 2018, la prevalencia de exceso de peso fue aún mayor que la autorreportada (66,1% frente a 61,6%). Los grupos sociales de menores ingresos evidenciaron mayores índices de exceso de peso a expensas de mayor prevalencia de obesidad, que fue un 21% mayor en el quintil de ingresos más bajos respecto del más alto.
Coincidiendo con la tendencia en la región de aumento de peso en la población infantil y adolescente, se observa un incremento del 10% de sobrepeso en la población de menores de 5 años y del 3,6% de obesidad. La proporción de sobrepeso y obesidad en la población de 5 a 17 años fue del 20,7 y 20,4% respectivamente. Los adolescentes de bajo nivel socioeconómico tienen un 31% más de probabilidad de tener sobrepeso respecto de los adolescentes del nivel socioeconómico más alto y, la población con nivel educativo “hasta primario incompleto” tiene más obesidad.
Telesalud en época pandémica
Authors: Witman Érica 
Published: October 2023

La transformación digital (TD) del sector salud se trata de cómo las tecnologías cambian las reglas de participación, las formas de trabajar e interactuar, y la manera de pensar de una organización. Ofrece la oportunidad de aprovechar el poder transformador de la tecnología, abordar fallas fundamentales y evolucionar los sistemas sanitarios hacia una nueva realidad. Existen tres componentes importantes: personas, procesos y tecnología1.
La telesalud involucra la entrega de servicios de salud usando tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TICS) cuando la distancia es un obstáculo. Engloba la teleconsultoría, teleinvestigación, telegestión y teleeducación.