bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
18F-FACBC and 18F-FDG PET/MRI in the evaluation of 3 patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma: a pilot study
Authors: Husby Trine , Johannessen Knut , Berntsen Erik Magnus , Johansen Håkon , Giskeødegård Guro Fanneløb , Karlberg Anna , Fagerli Unn-Merete , Eikenes Live 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
This PET/MRI study compared contrast-enhanced MRI, 18F-FACBC-, and 18F-FDG-PET in the detection of primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSL) in patients before and after high-dose methotrexate chemotherapy. Three immunocompetent PCNSL patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma received dynamic 18F-FACBC- and 18F-FDG-PET/MRI at baseline and response assessment. Lesion detection was defined by clinical evaluation of contrast enhanced T1 MRI (ce-MRI) and visual PET tracer uptake. SUVs and tumor-to-background ratios (TBRs) (for 18F-FACBC and 18F-FDG) and time-activity curves (for 18F-FACBC) were assessed.

Results
At baseline, seven ce-MRI detected lesions were also detected with 18F-FACBC with high SUVs and TBRs (SUVmax:mean, 4.73, TBRmax: mean, 9.32, SUVpeak: mean, 3.21, TBRpeak:mean: 6.30). High TBR values of 18F-FACBC detected lesions were attributed to low SUVbackground. Baseline 18F-FDG detected six lesions with high SUVs (SUVmax: mean, 13.88). In response scans, two lesions were detected with ce-MRI, while only one was detected with 18F-FACBC. The lesion not detected with 18F-FACBC was a small atypical MRI detected lesion, which may indicate no residual disease, as this patient was still in complete remission 12 months after initial diagnosis. No lesions were detected with 18F-FDG in the response scans.

Conclusions
18F-FACBC provided high tumor contrast, outperforming 18F-FDG in lesion detection at both baseline and in response assessment. 18F-FACBC may be a useful supplement to ce-MRI in PCNSL detection and response assessment, but further studies are required to validate these findings.
Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov. Registered 15th of June 2017 (Identifier: NCT03188354, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03188354).
Selection of endovascular treatment strategies and analysis of the efficacy of different locations and types of splenic artery aneurysms
Authors: Wang Shenjie , Huang Wei , Liu Jingjing , Liu Qin , Wang Ziyin , Wang Qingbing , Shan Qungang , Li Wenchang , Ding Xiaoyi , Wu Zhiyuan , Wang Zhongmin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To analyze the selection of endovascular treatment strategies and the efficacy of various locations and types of splenic artery aneurysms (SAAs).

Methods
Sixty-three cases of patients diagnosed with SAA from January 2016 to October 2021 were collected, and their clinical data and follow-up results were analyzed.

Results
Among the 63 patients, 55 had true SAAs, and 8 had false SAAs. The average diameter of the true SAAs was 2.0 ± 0.8 cm. There were 10 cases of intra-aneurysm embolization, 24 cases of intra-aneurysm and aneurysm-bearing artery embolization, 10 cases of bare stent-assisted coil embolization, and 11 cases of stent grafts. The false SAAs had an average diameter of 2.3 ± 1.1 cm. Aneurysm-bearing artery embolization was applied in 5 cases, and stent grafts were applied in 3 cases. The incidence of complications after embolization of the aneurysm-bearing artery was higher (P < 0.01). Postembolization syndrome occurred in 10 patients; 7 patients developed splenic infarction to varying degrees, 1 patient had mildly elevated blood amylase, and 1 patient developed splenic necrosis with abscess formation, all of which improved after active treatment. The average length of hospital stay was 5.5 ± 3.2 days. The average follow-up time was 17.2 ± 16.1 months, and the aneurysm cavity of all patients was completely thrombotic.

Conclusion
Endovascular treatments of SAAs are safe and effective. For various locations and types of SAAs, adequate selection of treatment is necessary. Stent grafts are recommended for their safety, economy, practicality, and preservation of the physiological functions of the human body.
Sites for sustainability transitions: the interplay of urban experiments and socio-spatial configurations in transforming habits
Authors: Baatz Anna , Ehnert Franziska , Reiß Kristin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUrban experiments intervene in selected sites to initiate transition processes. But how do the socio-spatial characteristics of these sites affect urban experiments and vice versa? We address this question by focusing on everyday habits and their reciprocal relationship with the socially produced space that surrounds them. Using conceptual analysis and by means of empirical examples, we consider which socio-spatial narratives, infrastructures and regulations facilitate or hinder urban experimentation. Rather than treating space as a pre-determined neutral stage, we conceptualise it as socially produced configurations that both affect interventions and are shaped by them. The transactional pragmatist perspective allows us to conceptualise how everyday habits can be disturbed and transformed in experimental processes. This notion is enriched by a socio-spatial categorisation of three aspects that co-constitute space. On this basis we develop an analytical framework to outline four possible dynamics arising from urban experimentation and the changing relations between actors and spaces. Empirical examples from the transdisciplinary research project Dresden – City of the Future: Empowering Citizens, Transforming Cities! illustrate the applicability of the framework. Our conceptual contribution provides a tool for analysing the socio-spatial dynamics of urban experiments. This sheds light on the agency of actors by conceptualising how they engage with socio-spatial configurations. We argue that further research on the role of space in urban experimentation is required to better explicate underlying socio-spatial understandings, while drawing on empirical data to test which socio-spatial concepts provide explanatory power for transition dynamics.
Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors in controlling ADHD symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dezfouli Ramin Abdi , Hosseinpour Ali , Ketabforoush Shera , Daneshzad Elnaz 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Introduction
The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) in managing ADHD symptoms compared to placebo, stimulants, or compared as pre- and post-treatment.

Methods
Clinical trials assessing the potency of SNRIs in treating ADHD patients were imported from PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus (until February 2023). Data were extracted by two independent researchers. Random- and fixed- effect meta-analysis was performed to pool the data. Publication bias and study heterogeneity were assessed. The Cochrane Collaboration tool was utilized to determine the risk of bias. The certainty of outcomes was evaluated by the Grade criteria.

Results
Of the initial 830 studies, 13 were finally imported after two screening stages which two separate researchers carried out. The pooled standardized mean difference (95% CI) of reducing the score of different ADHD questionnaires (showing reduction in total inattentive and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms) by SNRIs, venlafaxine, and duloxetine were − 2.20 [− 3.00, − 1.40], − 1.86 [− 2.69, − 1.02], − 2.65 [− 3.35, − 1.96], respectively. While the most reported side effects were nausea, abdominal pain, and sedation, all studies reported that side effects were not serious and were well tolerated. Outcomes for the effectiveness of venlafaxine and duloxetine got high and moderate certainty, respectively.

Conclusions
Duloxetine and venlafaxine can be administered to treat symptoms of ADHD while being well tolerated. It seems that duloxetine is more potent in reducing ADHD symptoms. It can also be concluded that venlafaxine is more effective in females, and is more effective on inattentive symptoms of ADHD rather than hyperactive symptoms.
Efficacy of modified active physical therapy program on pain, muscle strength, and function in adolescent football players with osteitis pubis
Authors: Mahmoud Waleed S. , Ibrahim Marwa M. , Radwan Nadia L. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
In athletes, osteitis pubis (OP) is considered a major cause of chronic groin pain. In addition to the difficulties with diagnosis, controversy exists regarding the most appropriate treatment approach. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of a modified active physical therapy program (MAPT) on pain, hip and trunk muscle strengths, and lower extremity function in adolescent football players with OP.

Methods
Fifty football players aged from 12 to 18 years with OP were included and allocated into two groups: the MAPT group (n = 24) and the traditional physical therapy (TPT) group (n = 26). Each group received a different treatment protocol for 60 min applied 3 times/week for 12 weeks. A visual analog scale, digital hand-held dynamometer (HHD), and lower extremity functional scale (LEFS) were used to measure pain, hip and trunk muscle strengths, and lower limb function, respectively, at baseline and 12 weeks post-intervention.

Results
There was a highly significant difference in the TPT group’s pain score (p < 0.001) compared with the MAPT group. Also, the strength of hip flexors, abductors, adductors, internal rotators, external rotators, and trunk flexors and extensors improved significantly (p < 0.05) than the TPT group. However, the between-group analysis revealed that the strength of hip extensors and LEFS in the MAPT group achieved a highly significant difference (p < 0.001) compared with the TPT group.

Conclusion
MAPT could be recommended strongly in the rehabilitation of OP in adolescent football players in which the functional abilities of OP patients improved because of reduced pain levels and increased hip and trunk muscle strength. (IRCT20210909052421N3, Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials, https://www.irct.ir/trial/68946/pdf, 9-April-2023).
Feminist Educators against State Neglect
Authors: Corinealdi Kaysha 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
By the mid-twentieth century a core group of feminist educators in Panama had cemented their reputations as community organizers invested in the empowerment of poor and working-class women. Yet this was a state that rejected calls for female suffrage, labeled attempts at worker organizing as threats to the nation, neglected to provide basic infrastructure and financing for education, and protected the rights of an elite few over those of most citizens. This article offers a window on the work of these feminist educators by examining the organizational leadership of Felicia Santizo and Sara Sotillo, two Afro-descendant contemporaries who taught and organized within predominantly Black and working-class communities while demanding greater access for all poor and working people throughout the country. Through their organizing in the realms of education, labor, community welfare, and politics, including the creation of Panama’s largest teacher’s association and leadership of a pro–working people’s party, both women challenged sexism and looked to education in and outside the classroom as a vital force of transformation. Their work placed them at odds with a state more willing to ignore or silence outspoken feminist organizers and community leaders than to center them in national agendas.
Feminist Intifada
Authors: Mogannam Jennifer 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Highlighting twenty-first-century Palestinian feminist formations, this essay chronicles a trajectory of over a century of women’s organizing that led to the contemporary moment. The essay argues that women and feminist praxis have been exemplified in each moment of Palestinian intifada, though national anticolonial liberation politics did not always accommodate feminist language or ideas. Palestinian women have played an instrumental role in each phase of contestation and community organizing against colonial, military, and state formations. Whether creating a women’s front, making space for women within the national movement, or developing a communal politics of care from within, the labor women have performed for the Palestinian liberation struggle can be read through a feminist ethos. The essay argues that feminist praxis was always present and that, while the language of feminism is contested in Palestinian social and political spheres, Palestinian feminist trajectories are compatible with and necessary for the actualization of Palestinian liberation and freedom from Zionist rule.
Serum urate is associated with an increased risk of inflammatory bowel disease: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhang Song , Fang Xue , Kang Le , Sui Xiang-Yu , Liu Miao , Luo Yu-Jia , Fu Shuo , Li Zhao-Shen , Zhao Sheng-Bing , Bai Yu 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND
Previous studies have indicated bidirectional associations between urate levels and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). However, it remains unclear whether the observations are causal because of confounding factors.
AIM
To investigate the causal associations between urate levels and IBD using bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR).
METHODS
Independent genetic variants for urate levels and IBD were selected as instrumental variables from published genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Summary statistics for instrument-outcome associations were retrieved from three separate databases for IBD (the UK Biobank, the FinnGen database and a large GWAS meta-analysis) and one for urate levels (a large GWAS meta-analysis). MR analyses included the inverse-variance-weighted method, weighted-median estimator, MR-Egger and sensitivity analyses (MR-PRESSO). A meta-analysis was also conducted to merge the data from separate outcome databases using a fixed-effects model.
RESULTS
Genetically higher serum urate levels were strongly associated with an increased risk of UC [odds ratio (OR): 1.95, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.86-2.05] after outlier correction, and the ORs (95%CIs) for IBD and CD were 0.94 (95%CI: 0.86-1.03) and 0.91 (95%CI: 0.80-1.04), respectively. Animal studies have confirmed the positive association between urate levels and UC. Moreover, genetically predicted IBD was inversely related to urate levels (OR: 0.97, 95%CI: 0.94-0.99). However, no association was observed between genetically influenced UC or CD and urate levels.
CONCLUSION
Urate levels might be risk factors for UC, whereas genetically predicted IBD was inversely associated with urate levels. These findings provide essential new insight for treating and preventing IBD.
Value of glucose transport protein 1 expression in detecting lymph node metastasis in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Kim Hongsik , Choi Song-Yi , Heo Tae-Young , Kim Kyeong-Rok , Lee Jisun , Yoo Min Young , Lee Taek-Gu , Han Joung-Ho 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND
There are limited data on the use of glucose transport protein 1 (GLUT-1) expression as a biomarker for predicting lymph node metastasis in patients with colorectal cancer. GLUT-1 and GLUT-3, hexokinase (HK)-II, and hypoxia-induced factor (HIF)-1 expressions may be useful biomarkers for detecting primary tumors and lymph node metastasis when combined with fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake on positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT).
AIM
To evaluate GLUT-1, GLUT-3, HK-II, and HIF-1 expressions as biomarkers for detecting primary tumors and lymph node metastasis with 18F-FDG-PET/CT.
METHODS
This retrospective study included 169 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent colectomy and preoperative 18F-FDG-PET/CT at Chungbuk National University Hospital between January 2009 and May 2012. Two tissue cores from the central and peripheral areas of the tumors were obtained and were examined by a dedicated pathologist, and the expressions of GLUT-1, GLUT-3, HK-II, and HIF-1 were determined using immunohistochemical staining. We analyzed the correlations among their expressions, various clinicopathological factors, and the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of PET/CT.
RESULTS
GLUT-1 was found at the center or periphery of the tumors in 109 (64.5%) of the 169 patients. GLUT-1 positivity was significantly correlated with the SUVmax of the primary tumor and lymph nodes, regardless of the biopsy site (tumor center, P < 0.001 and P = 0.012; tumor periphery, P = 0.030 and P = 0.010, respectively). GLUT-1 positivity and negativity were associated with higher and lower sensitivities of PET/CT, respectively, for the detection of lymph node metastasis, regardless of the biopsy site. GLUT3, HK-II, and HIF-1 expressions were not significantly correlated with the SUVmax of the primary tumor and lymph nodes.
CONCLUSION
GLUT-1 expression was significantly correlated with the SUVmax of 18F-FDG-PET/CT for primary tumors and lymph nodes. Clinicians should consider GLUT-1 expression in preoperative endoscopic biopsy in interpreting PET/CT findings.
Numerical analysis of on-chip acousto-optic modulators for visible wavelengths
Authors: Qin Qing , Zhang Ji-Zhe , Yang Yuan-Hao , Xu Xin-Biao , Zeng Yu , Wang Jia-Qi , Zou Chang-Ling , Guo Guang-Can , Lin Xiu-Min , Ye Ming-Yong 
Published: January 2024

On-chip acousto-optic modulators that operate at an optical wavelength of 780 nm and a microwave frequency of 6.835 GHz are proposed. The modulators are based on a lithium-niobate-on-sapphire platform and efficiently excite surface acoustic waves and exhibit strong interactions with tightly confined optical modes in waveguides. In particular, a high-efficiency phase modulator and single-sideband mode converter are designed. We found that for both microwave and optical wavelengths below 1 µm, the interactions at the cross-sections of photonic waveguides are sensitive to the waveguide width and are significantly different from those in previous studies. Our designed devices have small footprints and high efficiencies, making them suitable for controlling rubidium atoms and realizing hybrid photonic-atomic chips. Furthermore, our devices have the potential to extend the acousto-optic modulators to other visible wavelengths for other atom transitions and for visible light applications, including imaging and sensing.
Assessment of microfilaremia in ‘hotspots’ of four lymphatic filariasis endemic districts of Nepal during post-MDA surveillance
Authors: Mehta Pramod Kumar , Maharjan Mahendra 
Published: January 2024

Background
The lymphatic filariasis (LF) elimination program in all sixty-three endemic districts of Nepal was based on annual mass drug administration (MDA) using a combination of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) and albendazole for at least 5 years. The MDA program was started in the Parsa district of the Terai region and at least six rounds of MDA were completed between 2003 and 2017 in all filariasis endemic districts of Central Nepal. Transmission Assessment Survey (TAS) report indicated that circulating filarial antigen (CFA) prevalence was below the critical value i.e., ≤ 2% in selected LF endemic districts of Central Nepal. Based on the TAS report, antigen-positive cases were found clustered in the foci of those districts which were considered as “hotspots”. Hence the present study was designed to assess microfilaremia in hotspots of four endemic districts of Central Nepal after the MDA program.

Methodology and principal findings
The present study assessed microfilaremia in hotspots of four endemic districts i.e. Lalitpur and Dhading from the hilly region and Bara and Mahottari from the Terai region of Central Nepal. Night blood samples (n = 1722) were collected by finger prick method from the eligible sample population irrespective of age and sex. Community people’s participation in the MDA program was ensured using a structured questionnaire and chronic clinical manifestation of LF was assessed using standard case definition. Two districts one each from the hilly region (Lalitpur district) and Terai region (Bara district) showed improved microfilaria (MF) prevalence i.e. below the critical level (<1%) while the other two districts are still over the critical level. There was a significantly high prevalence of MF in male (p = <0.05) and ≥41 years of age group (p = <0.05) community people in the hotspots of four endemic districts. People who participated in the previous rounds of the MDA program have significantly low MF prevalence. The upper confidence limit of MF prevalence in all hotspots of four districts was above the critical level (>1%). Chronic clinical manifestation of LF showed significant association with the older age group (≥41 years) but not with sex.

Conclusions
The study revealed LF transmission improved in hotspots of two districts while continued in others but the risk of LF resurgence cannot be ignored since the upper confidence level of MF prevalence is over 1% in all the hotspots studied districts. High MF prevalence is well correlated with the number of MDA rounds but not with the MDA coverage. Community people involved in MDA drug uptake in any previous and last rounds have significantly less MF infection. Hence it is recommended that before deciding to stop the MDA rounds it is essential to conduct the MF survey at the hotspots of the sentinel sites.
Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Lepironia articulata (Retz.) Domin Waste as an Adsorbent for Methylene Blue Dye Removal from Wastewater
Authors: Dawmanee Wilawan , Ruang-On Somporn , Nuengmatcha Prawit 
Published: January 2024

In this study, the optimum conditions for using activated carbon from Lepironia articulata (Retz.) Domin waste as an adsorbent were determined to remove dye pollutants from wastewater. The characteristics of the obtained activated carbon were assessed by performing energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FTIR) techniques. The best optimum conditions for removing dye pollutants from wastewater were obtained at 30 mg/L methylene blue dye, 0.02 g of adsorbent and a contact time of 90 min. The maximum adsorption capacity of the activated carbon was 69.44 mg/g and the percentage removal achieved was more than 90%. The methylene blue dye adsorption data of the adsorbent were fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model. The prepared adsorbent was also applied for the removal of different colour dyes from real wastewater samples and found that the percentage removal was 71.3%, 62.7%, 66.3%, 68.4% and 72.0% for dark blue dye, red dye, pink dye, sky blue dye and yellow dye, respectively. These results indicated that the obtained activated carbon is highly effective and suitable adsorbent for removing different types of colour dyes and toxic organic substances from the wastewater.
Synthesis and Nanotechnological Applications of Multi-Efficient Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles-A Review
Authors: Azad Yadav  , Narwal Shivani , Tamanna Deswal  , Sindhu Ankit , Langyan Rahul , Kumar Narender , Yadav Sashi , Renu Bala  , Dhankhar Rajesh 
Published: January 2024

Nanotechnology focuses on the development and application of materials with nanoscale dimensions. Zinc oxide nanoparticles are theones that have the potential to play an important role in different fields like antimicrobial, antioxidant, photocatalysis, agriculture, rubber, textile and environmental remediation because of their cost-effectiveness, easy to use and environmentally safe nature. ZnO nanoparticles have recently been the subject of research due to their broad band width and strong excitation-binding energy. ZnO nanoparticles are synthesized using a variety of physical, chemical and biological processes. Green techniques involving plants, fungi, bacteria and algae have evolved to avoid the rapid release of toxic substances and use of extreme environments for the physical and chemical production of ZnO nanoparticles. This review article aims to summarize the recent work on the formation of ZnO nanoparticles and their applications in various fields.