bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The economic production lot size model extended to include more than one production rate
Authors: Larsen Christian 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe study an extension of the economic production lot size model, where more than one production rate can be used during a cycle. Moreover, the production rates, as well as their corresponding runtimes are decision variables. We decompose the problem into two subproblems. First, we show that all production rates should be chosen in the interval between the demand rate and the production rate which minimizes unit production costs, and should be used in an increasing order. Then, given the production rates, we derive closed‐form expressions for all optimal runtimes as well as the minimum average cost. This analysis reveals that it is the size of the setup cost that determines the need for being able to use several production rates. We also show how to derive a near‐optimal solution of the general problem.
Single machine due‐date scheduling of jobs with decreasing start‐time dependent processing times
Authors: Cheng T. C. E. , Kang L. Y. , Ng C. T. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe study the problem of scheduling jobs whose processing times are decreasing functions of their starting times. We consider the case of a single machine and a common decreasing rate for the processing times. The problem is to determine an optimal combination of the due date and schedule so as to minimize the sum of due date, earliness and tardiness penalties. We give an O(n log n) time algorithm to solve this problem.
Increase of Antigen‐presenting Cells in the Gastric Mucosa of Helicobacter pylori‐infected Children
Authors: Krauss‐Etschmann Susanne , Gruber Rudolf , Plikat Katinka , Antoni Isabel , Demmelmair Hans , Reinhardt Dietrich , Koletzko Sibylle 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACTBackground.  Infection with Helicobacter pylori leads to an increase of T cells in the gastric mucosa of children. In contrast to peripheral blood, where monocytes are the most abundant antigen‐presenting cells, CD14+ macrophages are very rare in infected gastric mucosa. We postulated that other types of antigen‐presenting cells must be present in infected gastric mucosa.Material and methods.  Antral biopsies were obtained from 56 children. The cellular expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules, CD1a/b, and CD23, which are involved in antigen presentation were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. In addition, T cells (CD4, CD8, CD25, and γ/δ‐TCR), B cells (anti‐IgM), macrophages (CD14) and granulocytes (CD15) were quantified.Results.  Twenty‐eight children were H. pylori‐infected. Thirteen children were healthy, 15 had other gastric pathologies. T cells (p < .0001), B cells (p < .0001), CD23+ (p < .0001), and CD1a/b+ (p < .005) cells were significantly increased in the lamina propria of H. pylori‐infected children, whereas macrophages were rare without significant differences among the groups. Within the epithelium, CD8+ T lymphocytes predominated clearly over CD4+ cells. H. pylori‐negative children had only few MHC class II‐positive cells within the gastric epithelium, whereas MHC class II antigens were strongly expressed on epithelial cells (p < .0001) of all H. pylori‐infected children.Conclusion.  Helicobacter pylori infection leads to an enhanced expression of antigen‐presenting molecules together with a parallel rise of T cells in the lamina propria. This may represent an effort of the immune system to optimize local immune responses against H. pylori. We speculate that the epithelium participates in the initiation of a local immune response against H. pylori.
Evidence for Instability of the Autonomic Nervous System in Patients With Migraine Headache
Authors: Appel Shlomo , Kuritzky Arieh , Zahavi Izhar , Zigelman Michal , Akselrod Solange 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISAutonomic impairment in migraine is wall documented. In order to evaluate the autonomic control in migraine, spectral analysis of heart rate fluctuations was performed on ten migraine patients, drug‐free and during the inter‐headache phase. They were compared to nine healthy controls and eight tension headache patients. A 24h Holter recording of ECG was performed for each subject. Every half hour, a short ECG sub‐trace was digitized and submitted to R wave detection, followed by computation of heart rate power spectrum.The spectral analysis of heart rate fluctuations disclosed significant differences between control subjects and patients with migraine. The migraine patients displayed markedly enhanced low frequency fluctuations (below 0.1 sec‐1), during day hours (p<0.01) and especially at night (p<0.0006). In the respiratory frequency band (between 0.2 and 0.4 sec‐1) no significant change was observed. Tension headache patients however, resembled the controls in that they did not display enhanced low frequency fluctuations.The enhancement at low frequencies fluctuations only, a frequency range known to be related to vasomotor control, suggests that the migraine patients are characterized by a clear sympathetic instability. This finding supports the hypothesis that migraine is of neural origin and is consistent with the observation of large variations in regional cerebral flow. Spectral analysis of heart rate fluctuations allows us to specify and quantitate this autonomic imbalance and may provide a useful tool for the evaluation of drug therapy in migraine.
Abortive Headache Therapy With Intramuscular Dihydroergotamine
Authors: Saadah Hanna A. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISDuring a six month period, intramuscular dihydroergotamine mesylate (1 mg.) was given to 43 patients (75 headache episodes) who presented to the office after oral medications failed to abort their headaches. Headaches were successfully aborted in 71%, with most responses occurring between 30‐minutes and 4‐hours after injection. Side effects were common (61%) but not serious; sedation developed in 25%, nausea in 24%, transient worsening of headaches in 15%, body aches in 11%, diarrhea in 5%, and in 13%, headaches that were successfully aborted relapsed within 24 hours. Intramuscular dihydroergotamine, although under‐used, is cost effective, practical, and well suited for busy medical offices. Its appropriate use can reduce the need for narcotic analgesics and emergency room visits.
Migraine With Aura: A Vicious Cycle Perpetuated by Potassium‐lnduced Vasoconstriction
Authors: Young David B. , Van Vliet Bruce N. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISTwo hypotheses have dominated attempts to understand the etiology of migraine with aura or classic migraine; the vascular spasm model proposed by Wolff and colleagues, and the spreading cortical depression hypothesis. Neither can provide a fully satisfactory explanation for the syndrome, however. We propose that classic migraine is both spreading cortical depression and localized ischemia linked in a vicious cycle by potassium induced vasoconstriction. The cycle can be initiated by any event which raises the local cortical ECF potassium concentration to approximately 20 mM. Such an event could be a localized burst of activity of a group of cells, localized metabolic impairment, or a transient reduction in blood flow to a region of the cortex. Once this level of potassium concentration is reached, it may result in localized depolarization of neurons, releasing more potassium into the ECF. Glial siphoning can distribute the potassium preferentially toward the blood vessels in the area, leading to an elevation in potassium concentration in the ECF surrounding the vascular smooth muscle of the arterioles. Above approximately 15 mM, vascular smooth muscle increases its tension in response to elevations in potassium. Therefore, as cortical ECF potassium concentration rises above 15 to 20 mM, localized vasoconstriction occurs, thereby reducing both the supply of oxygen for aerobic metabolism and the removal of potassium in the blood. Under these conditions, the effectiveness of the mechanisms which control potassium concentration is impaired and unable to prevent additional elevations in potassium. As the concentration continues to rise, vasoconstriction becomes more intense, perpetuating the cycle that results in localized depression of cortical neuronal activity and ischemia. The condition is propagated to adjacent regions of the cortex by diffusion and glial‐mediated spread of potassium. In many respects, the hypothesis unites the vascular spasm and spreading depression models. If verified, it may provide insight into the causes of classic migraine as well as give direction toward development of effective therapies.
Ice Cream Headache ‐ Site, Duration, and Relationship to Migraine
Authors: Bird Nigel , MacGregor Anne , Wilkinson Marcia I. R 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISObjective ‐ To examine the characteristics of cold‐induced headaches in a group of migraine patients, to compare these with their usual migraine headache and with cold‐induced headache in s control population.Design ‐ Subjects completed a structured questionnaire recording previous headache history along with the characteristics of any headache produced during supervised palatal and pharyngeal application of ice cream.Subjects ‐ 70 consecutive patients attending the City of London Migraine Clinic, and 50 pre‐clinical medical and dental student volunteers from Queen Mary and Westfield College.Results ‐ 27% of the migraine patients and 40% of the students reported previous ice cream headaches. 17% of the migraine patients and 46% of the students developed headache following palatal application or a swallow of ice cream.Typically the headache was of early onset (x = 12.5s) and short duration (x = 21s), with a tendency for anterior headache on the same side as a palatal stimulus, and bilateral headache following an ice cream swallow. However, a significant minority experienced a previously unreported headache of late onset (x = 102s) and long duration (x = 236s) which tended to occur particularly after swallowing ice cream and to be less wall localised to the side of the cold stimulus.Ice cream appeared not to be a common trigger for migraine, and there was no significant correlation between site of ice cream headache and usual site of migraine.Conclusions ‐ These findings confirm that cold stimulation of the palate or pharynx commonly produces a headache. In contrast to previous studies, our results suggest that the 'ice cream headache' is less common in migraine patients than the general population. A similar pattern of headache was produced in both migraine patients and controls, and apart from the few for whom an ice cream headache may trigger a migraine, the ice cream headache seems not to have any special significance for migraine patients.
Hemicrania Continua: A Case Responsive to Piroxicam‐Beta‐Cyclodextrin
Authors: Trucco M. , Antonaci F. , Sandrini G. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISThe case of a 53‐year‐old woman is described, who since the age of 38 years had been suffering from a unilateral headache that was at first remitting, but then evolved into an unremitting course. The headache was burning in quality, located in the left forehead and face, and was accompanied by mild ipsilateral autonomic symptoms. The clinical picture, as well as the absolute response to indomethacin, suggested a diagnosis of hemicrania continua. The presence of mild gastric discomfort on continuous indomethacin administration made us transfer the patient to another NSAID (piroxicam‐beta‐cycIodextrin). With this drug, complete relief and good tolerability was obtained.
Exteroceptive Suppression of Temporalis Muscle Activity in Various Types of Headache
Authors: Paulus Walter , Raubüchl Otto , Andreas Straube  , Schoenen Jean 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISExteroceptive suppression (ES) of temporalis muscle activity, particularly the multisynaptic ES2, has been reported to be significantly reduced in tension type headache, but not in migraine. We re‐evaluated the methods of optimally analysing the single shock technique and its intra‐ and inter‐individual variability in 26 normal subjects. These data were compared with the results in patients with migraine, post‐lumbar puncture headache, headache due to meningitis, tension‐type headaches in HIV infection and patients with symptomatic headache of various etiologies. ES2 was absent in about 50% of tension‐type headache patients, but only in one normal subject. With the methods used here and when patients with absent ES2 were excluded, mean duration of ES2 was not significantly different between the various groups. It seems therefore necessary, in spite of increased discomfort for patients, to use complementary methods, such as averaging 16‐32 responses and applying various stimulation sets, if one wants to increase the potency of temporalis ES2 as a diagnostic and pathophysiologic tool in headache.
Headaches in Patients With Traumatic Lesions of the Cervical Spinal Cord
Authors: Spierings Egilius L.H. , Foo Dominic K. , Young Robert R. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISWe established the occurrence of headache in a group of 20 patients with traumatic transections of the cervical spinal cord. All but two patients had complete sensory lesions at levels varying from C2‐3 to C7‐8. Only three patients claimed to have no headaches at all although one of them had nuchal pains with fever. Twelve patients had “bladder” or “bowel headaches” or had had them in the past. These headaches were mostly generalized, throbbing or pounding in nature and severe in intensity. They were caused by obstruction of urinary flow and fecal impaction, respectively, and were associated with autonomic dysreflexia. Otherwise the headaches reported by the patients were mild although frequent in four, i.e. once per week or more. These headaches were also mostly bilateral and lasted a relatively short time, i.e. less than one or two hours. The causes of these headaches were nonspecific for the group studied except for stimulation of the body which, however, probably depended on a mechanism similar to that of the bladder and bowel headaches. Migraine, either classic or common, was not reported by any of the patients.
The Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Migraine
Authors: Lockett Donna‐Marie C. , Campbell J.F. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISA six‐week cardiovascular exercise program was provided to 11 subjects classified as experiencing classical migraines, while 9 similarly‐classified subjects served as waiting‐list controls. Measures included the Canadian Aerobic Fitness test, a headache diary to record the Frequency, Intensity, and Duration of migraine episodes and the Pain‐Severity, Affective‐Distress, and Support scales of the West Haven‐Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI). Measures were taken on both treatment and control subjects before, mid‐way through, and upon termination of the first aerobic program, as well as after a two week follow‐up. The aerobic classes were effective in significantly improving cardiovascular fitness. Pain Severity decreased significantly for those receiving aerobic training, who also showed (nonsignificant) trends, over the measurement periods, toward reductions in Affective Distress as well as the Frequency, Intensity and Duration of migraines, but these trends failed to reach statistical significance. Control subjects demonstrated no systematic changes in any of the dependent measures. These results suggest possible long‐term benefits of aerobic fitness in the management of classical migraines.
Handling of 5‐Hydroxytryptamine by Platelets in Migraine
Authors: MacGregor E.A. , Bird N. , Ridler C. , Wilkinson M.I.P 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISThere is little dispute that a link exists between 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5HT) and migraine exists but the exact mechanism of an attack has yet to be established.The handling of 5HT by the platelet is regarded as a simple model of the handling of 5HT by nerve terminals. If differences are seen in how the platelets from migraineurs handle 5HT compared to those from a control population, it is possible that a similar difference exists in the nerve terminal.The Haemostatometer allows the rapid and simultaneous in vitro assessment of platelet function (shear‐induced haemostasis), coagulation and thrombolysis from non anticoagulated blood samples. In this study, a baseline comparison of haemostasis was made on 20 migraineurs between attacks and 20 controls. No differences were found in the results from each of the two groups. 5μM of 5HT was then added to blood taken from 10 migraineurs and 10 controls and the recordings were repeated. Again, no differences were found between the results from the two groups. In blood taken from both migraineurs and controls, the effect of 5HT was to significantly enhance clotting time and clot lysis. No effect was seen on primary aggregation. The possible reasons for and significance of these findings is discussed.
Organic Headaches Mimicking Chronic Paroxysmal Hemicrania
Authors: Medina Jose L. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISThe article describes two women who had headaches that mimicked chronic paroxysmal hemicrania (CPH). The first patient had a collagen vascular disorder; and the second one, a large malignant tumor in the right frontal lobe. The similarity of the headaches of the first patient to CPH included an absolute response to indomethacin.The existence of these cases may lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of CPH. At the same time, their existence also calls for caution in the diagnosis of CPH.
Chronic Paroxysmal Headache: Two Cases With Cerebrovascular Disease
Authors: Newman Lawrence C. , Herskovitz Steven , Lipton Richard B. , Solomon Seymour 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISParoxysmal headaches often occur in benign headache disorders such as episodic cluster headache, chronic paroxysmal hemicrania (CPH) and episodic paroxysmal hemicrania. We report 2 patients with paroxysmal headaches occurring in association with cerebrovascular disease. The first patient had paroxysmal headaches from an arteriovenous malformation which resolved following embolization. In the second patient, headache followed a cerebral infarction and responded to treatment with indomethacin. We suggest that vascular disease may cause paroxysmal headaches resembling CPH. Patients with an atypical presentation of CPH warrant a neuroimaging procedure.
Chronic Paroxysmal Hemicrania Coexisting with Migraine. Differential Response to Pharmacological Treatment.
Authors: Pareja Juan , Pareja Julia 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISA 30 year old woman, suffering from migraine for 14 years, started having chronic paroxysmal hemicrania (CPH) attacks at the age of 29. Both types of headache coexisted for a year without any apparent influence of one type on the other. Treatment with indomethacin had a dramatic effect on the CPH attacks but did not modify the course of the migraine. The independent clinical courses and the differential response to indomethacin are consistent with the knowledge that both types of headache are different and that there is no relationship between them. Owing to the high prevalence of migraine it is likely that some CPH sufferers may have a familial or personal history of migraine; therefore the conjunction of CPH and migraine occurs by chance.
Frequency of Migraine Among an Unselected Group of Employees and Variation of Prevalence According to Different Diagnostic Criteria
Authors: Koehler Thomas , Buck‐Emden Eckart , Dulz Kay 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISA survey was carried out among 940 employees in a mail administration building in Hamburg, Germany to determine the prevalence rates of headache and of migraine, based on several definitions. Headache symptoms were assessed by means of questionnaires, which were returned by 92% of the addressed persons and properly evaluable in 87.8%. When 3 out of the following 4 criteria a) occurrence of headaches in attacks b) unilaterality of pain c) preceding visual disturbances d) pulsating character were required to diagnose migraine, prevalence rate was low (5.3%). It rose dramatically when only 2 of these requirements had to be met (18.0%); based on the definition that 2 of a), b) or c) had to be fulfilled, the prevalence rates were 13.1% for females, 5.6% for males. There was no difference in frequency of migraine between the two large income classes of mail employees. In accordance with other studies we found that only 57.5% of migraine patients had ever consulted a doctor for their headache; only 13.7% had done so within the last half year.
Treatment of Acute Migraine Attack With Diclofenac Sodium: A Double‐Blind Study
Authors: Karachalios George N. , Fotiadou Adroniki , Chrisikos Nickolaos , Karabetsos Alexandros , Kehagioglou Kyriakos 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISThe efficacy of diclofenac sodium, a potent prostaglandin inhibitor, in patients with acute migraine attacks in a double‐blind placebo‐controlled study involving 86 migraine patients.Forty‐six patients with acute migraine attacks were treated with intramuscular injection of 75 mg diclofenac sodium, and another group of forty patients with intramuscular injection of paracetamol.Partial or complete relief of pain and other symptoms of acute migraine attack was achieved within 10 minutes after treatment in the diclofenac sodium group and within 32 minutes in the paracetamol group.Complete relief of attack was achieved within 30 minutes after diclofenac sodium in 40 patients (88%) compared to 7 patients (17.5%) of the paracetamol group (P<0,001). Five of the patients treated with diclofenac sodium needed a second injection for complete relief of pain during the 2‐to‐4 hour follow‐up period. Side effects were rare and minimal.In conclusion, diclofenac sodium administered intramuscularly is a very effective drug in treating acute migraine attacks.
Pupillary Reactivity in Children With Recurrent Abdominal Pain
Authors: Battistella P.A. , Carrà S. , Zaninotto M. , Ruffilli R. , Dalt L. Da 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISElectronic pupillometry before and after phenylephrine instillation in the right eye was carried out in 18 children aged 10 to 16 years suffering from recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) and 15 age‐matched controls. Before stimulation the pupillary diameter was almost equal in the two groups.After phenylephrine eye drops iris dilatation was greeter in RAP patients than in controls, even though the difference was not statistically significant.These results seem to suggest children with RAP have a chronically disturbed receptor sensitivity in their iris neuromuscular junction caused by a sympathetic hypofunction, similar to that already reported in migrainous patients.
Episodic Cluster Headache I: Personality and Some Neuropsychological Characteristics in Male Patients1
Authors: Levi Richard , Edman Gunnar V. , Ekbom Karl , Waldenlind Elisabet 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISThe etiology and pathogenesis of cluster headache remain largely unknown. Some previous studies have focused on personality characteristics in cluster headache. However, no consistent personality profile has been found. The present study applied two personality inventories, the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP) and the Heart and Lifestyle Type A Measure (HALTAM), that have not previously been used in the context of cluster headache. A correlation has been suggested between left‐handedness and early learning difficulties, and cluster headache.12 Thus, these variables were included and measured by inventory techniques.Forty‐nine out of 51 consecutive male patients with episodic cluster headache participated in the present study. As compared to controls, the cluster headache patients were significantly more anxiety‐prone (higher scores in the KSP Somatic anxiety and Muscular tension subscales), less successfully socialized (low scores in the KSP Socialization scale), and had a more hostile attitude towards others (higher scores in the HALTAM Hostility scale). No relationships between left‐handedness or early learning difficulties, and cluster headache disease were found. The implications of the personality differences for the etiology of cluster headache disease are discussed.