bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The participation of P‐ and E‐selectins on biomaterial‐mediated tissue responses
Authors: Tang Liping , Jiang Weiwu , Welty Stephen E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBiomaterial‐mediated inflammatory responses often compromise the functions of implantable devices. The mechanism(s) involved in the inflammatory responses, which can be arbitrarily divided into phagocyte transmigration, chemotaxis, and adhesion to implant surfaces, are not totally understood. Because adhesion molecules have been shown to involved in phagocyte transmigration, this study was designed to investigate the participation of endothelial adhesion molecules in the pathogenesis of biomaterial‐mediated inflammatory responses and fibrotic tissue formation. Using transgenic adhesion molecule knockout mice, we found that (1) deficiency of P‐selectin reduced polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) but not macrophages/monocytes (MΦ) transmigration and adhesion. (2) Furthermore, absence of both P‐ and E‐selectin (P/E‐deficient) dramatically diminished both PMN and MΦ recruitment to the peritoneal cavity and accumulation on implanted biomaterials. (3) Finally, the impairment of inflammatory responses in P/E‐deficient mice significantly reduced the extent of subsequent biomaterial‐mediated fibrotic responses. We conclude that P‐ and E‐selectins are important for both biomaterial‐mediated inflammatory and fibrotic reactions. Our results also indicate that the reduction of phagocyte accumulation might be responsible to the decrease of fibrotic tissue formation surrounding material implants. Better understanding of such sequence of events may help the rational design of biomaterials with desired tissue reactivity. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 62: 471–477, 2002
Efferent controls in crustacean mechanoreceptors
Authors: Cattaert Daniel , Le Bon Morgane , Le Ray Didier 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSince the 1960s it has been known that central neural networks can elaborate motor patterns in the absence of any sensory feedback. However, sensory and neuromodulatory inputs allow the animal to adapt the motor command to the actual mechanical configuration or changing needs. Many studies in invertebrates, particularly in crustacea, have described several mechanisms of sensory‐motor integration and have shown that part of this integration was supported by the efferent control of the mechanosensory neurons themselves. In this article, we review the findings that support such an efferent control of mechanosensory neurons in crustacea. Various types of crustacean proprioceptors feeding information about joint movements and strains to central neural networks are considered, together with evidence of efferent controls exerted on their sensory neurons. These efferent controls comprise (1) the neurohormonal modulation of the coding properties of sensory neurons by bioamines and peptides; (2) the presynaptic inhibition of sensory neurons by GABA, glutamate and histamine; and (3) the long‐term potentiation of sensory‐motor synapses by glutamate. Several of these mechanisms can coexist on the same sensory neuron, and the functional significance of such multiple modulations is discussed. Microsc. Res. Tech. 58:312–324, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Flame soot generated under controlled combustion conditions: Heterogeneous reaction of NO2 on hexane soot
Authors: Salgado M. S. , Rossi M. J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe used a Combustion Aerosol Standard burner unit that affords controlled and adjustable flame conditions, and adapted it for use with liquid fuel. We prepared samples of hexane soot under different well‐defined combustion conditions, and probed the chemical properties of hexane soot by using its heterogeneous interaction with NO2 in a Knudsen flow reactor. Soot generated under conditions of fuel to oxygen ratio near stoichiometry (λ = 0.82) produced HONO as the main product. Yields of HONO decreased for soot generated under lean conditions (λ = 0.16). Finally, NO was the principal product of the reaction for soot generated under extremely lean conditions (λ = 0.09) corresponding to the lower flammability limit. We may conclude that the combustion conditions determined surface properties gauged by the heterogeneous NO2–soot interaction. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 34: 620–631, 2002
Toxicogenomic effects of neonatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol on mouse testicular gene expression in the long term: A study using cDNA microarray analysis
Authors: Adachi Tetsuya , Komiyama Masatoshi , Ono Yushin , Koh Kyu‐Bom , Sakurai Kenichi , Shibayama Takako , Kato Masaki , Yoshikawa Tsutomu , Seki Naohiko , Iguchi Taisen , Mori Chisato 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe examined the effect of neonatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) on mouse testicular gene expression, using in‐house mouse fetus (day 14.5) cDNA microarrays. Newborn male ICR mice were exposed to DES (50 μg/mouse/day) from neonatal day 1 to 5. Differential expression was detected in 14 genes in 4‐week‐old (day 28) mouse testes by cDNA microarray analysis; 11 genes (AI035263,AU080565,AU080361,AU080678,AI131681,AU080631,AA986882,AI037066,AA986537,AI156816, andAI596237) were up‐regulated and three genes (AI131656,AI118968, andAI117606) were down‐regulated in DES‐treated mouse testes. Higher expression levels of the former eight genes, out of the up‐regulated genes picked‐up by the microarray, were also confirmed by reverse transcription and real‐time polymerase chain reaction (real‐time RT‐PCR) analysis. However, the differential expression of other genes could not be confirmed. Real‐time RT‐PCR analysis also revealed that expression levels of the eight genes were still higher in DES‐treated testes at 8 and 12 weeks of age. Our results suggest that cDNA microarray analysis is a useful method by which a large number of gene expressions are simultaneously detected and changes in gene expression are screened. In addition, our results suggest that these genes, whose expressions are changed in the testes of adult mice by fetal or neonatal exposure to exogenous chemicals, might be candidates for predictive biological markers. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 63: 17–23, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tension‐free vaginal tape for stress urinary incontinence: Is there a learning curve?
Authors: Groutz Asnat , Gordon David , Wolman Igal , Jaffa Ariel J. , David Menachem P. , Lessing Joseph B. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAimTo assess the learning curve characteristics of the first 30 tension‐free vaginal tape (TVT) procedures carried out in our medical center and to evaluate its safety and short‐term effectiveness.MethodsA total of 30 incontinent women with urodynamically proven SUI were enrolled. None had undergone any previous anti‐incontinence procedure. All were operated on by one surgeon, in accordance with the technique described by Ulmsten et al. in 1996. Mean follow‐up was 11.4± 3.6 months (range, 5–17 months).ResultsFive (17%) bladder perforations occurred at the beginning of the study, due to inadvertent insertion of the applicator. All perforations were identified by intraoperative cystoscopy. Five other patients (17%) had increased intraoperative bleeding (>200 mL) necessitating vaginal tamponade. Blood transfusions were not required. Eight (27%) patients had immediate postoperative voiding difficulties, necessitating catheterization for 2–10 days, but none needed long‐term catheterization. There was no local infection or rejection of the Prolene tape was found. All patients were subjectively cured of their stress incontinence; however, urodynamic evaluation revealed “asymptomatic genuine stress incontinence” in one patient. Sixteen of 21 patients (80%) with preoperative urge syndrome, had persistent postoperative symptoms. No patient developed de novo urge incontinence.ConclusionThe TVT operation is a new, minimally invasive surgical procedure with excellent short‐ and medium‐term cure rates. However, there is a definite learning curve, and we believe that the operation should only be performed by experienced surgeons. Neurourol. Urodynam. 21:470–472, 2002. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New synthetic route for photosensitive poly(benzoxazole)
Authors: Ebara Kazuya , Shibasaki Yuji , Ueda Mitsuru 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA new positive working photosensitive poly(benzoxazole) (PBO) precursor based on poly(o‐hydroxyazomethine) (3) and 1‐{1,1‐bis[4‐(2‐diazo‐1‐(2H)naphthalenone‐5‐sulfonyloxy)phenyl]ethyl}‐4‐{1‐[4‐(2‐diazo‐1(2H)naphthalenone‐5‐sulfonyloxy)phenyl]methylethyl}benzene (S‐DNQ) as a photosensitive compound was developed. 3 was prepared by the condensation of 2,2‐bis(3‐amino‐4‐hydroxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane with isophthalaldehyde in 1‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone/toluene under azeotropic conditions. The photosensitive PBO precursor containing 30 wt % S‐DNQ showed a sensitivity of 120 mJ cm−2 and a contrast of 2.2 when it was exposed to 436‐nm light and developed with a 2.38 wt % aqueous tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution at room temperature. A fine positive image featuring 10‐μm line and space patterns was observed on the film of the photoresist exposed to 200 mJ cm−2 ultraviolet light at 436 nm by the contact mode. The positive image was successfully converted into the PBO pattern by a thermal treatment. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 3399–3405, 2002
Atom transfer radical copolymerization of n‐hexylmaleimide and styrene in an ionic liquid
Authors: Zhao You‐Liang , Zhang Jian‐Min , Jiang Jing , Chen Chuan‐Fu , Xi Fu 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDendritic polyarylether 2‐bromoisobutyrates of different generations (Gn‐Br, n = 1–3) as macroinitiators for the atom transfer radical copolymerization of N‐hexylmaleimide and styrene in an ionic liquid, 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, were investigated. The copolymerization carried out in the ionic liquid with CuBr/pentamethyldiethylenetriamine as a catalyst at room temperature afforded polymers with well‐defined molecular weights and low polydispersities (1.18 < Mw/Mn < 1.36, where Mw is the weight‐average molecular weight and Mn is the number‐average molecular weight), and the resultant copolymers possessed an alternating structure over a wide range of monomer feeds (f1 = 0.3–0.8). Meanwhile, the copolymerization was also conducted in anisole at 110 °C under similar conditions so that the effect of the reaction media on the polymerization could be evaluated. The monomer reactivity ratios showed that the tendency to form alternating copolymers for the two monomers was stronger in ionic liquids than in anisole. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 3360–3366, 2002
Psychosocial intervention for lesbians with primary breast cancer
Authors: Fobair Pat , Koopman Cheryl , DiMiceli Sue , O'Hanlan Katherine , Butler Lisa D. , Classen Catherine , Drooker Nancy , Rachel Davids H. , Loulan Joann , Wallsten Darah , Spiegel David 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis study examined the effects of a Supportive–Expressive group therapy intervention offered to lesbians with early stage breast cancer. Twenty lesbians diagnosed with breast cancer in the previous 12‐months were recruited and assessed at baseline, and at 3, 6, and 12 months after the group intervention. During the 12‐week intervention, group members focused on the problems of a new diagnosis, coping with the illness and treatment, mood changes, coping responses and self‐efficacy, improving relationships with family, friends and physicians, the impact of the illness on life, pain and sleep, and changes in body image and sexuality. A within‐subject slopes analysis was conducted on data collected for each woman over the first year. As predicted, women reported reduced emotional distress, intrusiveness, and avoidance, and improved coping. There were significant changes in their social support, but in the unexpected direction. Instrumental support and informational support declined. However, conflict in family relations also declined, while trends were found towards more cohesiveness and expressiveness. Participants reported less pain and better sleep. There were no changes in body image, sexuality, or attitudes toward health‐care providers. These results suggest that Supportive/Expressive group intervention appears to be helpful for lesbians with breast cancer. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors affecting the field performance of an attracticide against the codling moth Cydia pomonella
Authors: Lösel Peter M , Potting Roel P J , Ebbinghaus Dirk , Scherkenbeck Jürgen 
Published: October 2002

AbstractFactors affecting the efficacy of an attracticide strategy for the control of the codling moth Cydia pomonella L (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) were investigated using laboratory and field experiments. The sex‐pheromone‐based insect‐control strategy utilises 100‐µl droplets of a sticky, paste‐like formulation containing 1 mg g−1 (E,E)‐8,10‐dodecadien‐1‐ol (codlemone) as an attractant for male moths and 40 mg g−1 cyfluthrin, a contact insecticide, applied to branches in the upper parts of the tree crown. The longevity of the treatment under field conditions was assessed in the laboratory by biological testing of variously aged samples of the attracticide formulation which had been applied to the bark of apple trees growing in commercial orchards. Electroantennogram responses of male moth antennae were used to compare codlemone release from the attracticide after different lengths of environmental exposure. Changes in insecticidal efficacy of the same samples were assessed with reference to the speed of knockdown (KT50) and the mortalities after 48 h among populations of male moths confined in cages containing samples of fresh and field‐aged formulations. Gradual declines in both the amount of pheromone released and insecticidal activity were observed over the 10‐week period of the experiments. Various factors associated with the behaviour of codling moths in the field which might influence the attracticide strategy were also investigated. Although the vertical position of attracticide sources within apple trees had a strong influence on their attractiveness, their horizontal position had none. Results of field trials showed that efficacy of the attracticide depends on the population density of the pest. Under the conditions of the current study a density of three or more sources per tree (= 4500 sources per ha) was required to attain satisfactory levels of codling moth control.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Trypsin‐catalysed synthesis of oligopeptide amides: comparison of catalytic efficiency among trypsins of different origin (bovine, streptomyces griseus and chum salmon)
Authors: Sekizaki Haruo , Itoh Kunihiko , Toyota Eiko , Tanizawa Kazutaka 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA procedure has been developed for the synthesis of oligopeptide amide using inverse substrates as acyl donors with amino acid amide instead of p‐nitroanilide as acyl acceptor and trypsins of different origin (bovine, Streptomyces griseus and chum salmon trypsins) as the catalyst. The effectiveness of this procedure was demonstrated by the synthesis of a pentapeptide, Boc‐[Leu5]‐enkephalin amide, as a model compound. The method was the first enzymatic method shown to be successful at each successive coupling step for the synthesis of the oligopeptide. Bovine and chum salmon trypsins were superior to Streptomyces griseus trypsin as the catalyst. Copyright © 2002 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Liquid‐phase peptide synthesis on polyethylene glycol (PEG) supports using strategies based on the 9‐fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl amino protecting group: application of PEGylated peptides in biochemical assays
Authors: Fischer Peter M. , Zheleva Daniella I. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractStepwise synthetic assembly of polypeptide chains reversibly linked to polyethylene glycol represents a hybrid between traditional solution and solid‐phase chemistries and combines the inherent advantages of both approaches. The technical simplicity and scalability of the liquid‐phase peptide synthesis method renders it particularly attractive for multiple parallel syntheses, combinatorial approaches and the large‐scale preparation of peptides. The versatile protection strategy based on the Nα‐fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl group commonly used in solid‐phase peptide synthesis was adapted to the liquid‐phase approach. Fluoride ions were used rather than the conventional organic base piperidine for the repetitive amino‐deprotection step. Using a range of acid‐ and base‐labile linkers between the polymer and the peptide, it was shown that free and fully side‐chain protected peptides can be obtained using our version of the liquid‐phase peptide synthesis method. Protocols for simultaneous multiple syntheses requiring a minimum of equipment are presented and the use of polyethylene glycol‐bound peptides in biochemical binding and functional assay systems is demonstrated. Copyright © 2002 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry to reveal the substrate specificity of the peptidyl‐cysteine decarboxylase EpiD
Authors: Schmid Dietmar G. , Majer Florian , Kupke Thomas , Jung Günther 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe microbial flavoenzyme EpiD catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of peptidyl‐cysteines to peptidyl‐aminoenethiols. These unusual C‐terminally modified peptides are intermediates in the biosynthesis of the tetracyclic peptide antibiotic epidermin, which belongs to the lantibiotics family. The peptide SFNSYCC represents the C‐terminal partial sequence of the natural precursor peptide EpiA. EpiA is posttranslationally modified to form finally the lantibiotic epidermin. The substrate specificity of EpiD was investigated using high‐resolution mass spectrometry and the heptapeptide library SFNSXCC. The enzymatic conversion of particular peptides can be observed by a mass loss of m/z 46. In contrast to the previously used triple quadrupole instrument, electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI‐FTICR‐MS) was able to resolve and detect all precursor and converted peptides with identical nominal masses in a single measurement, avoiding the necessity to investigate single peptides. Furthermore, a new substrate SFNSCCC of the enzyme EpiD was detected within the reaction mixture. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ligament creep recruits fibres at low stresses and can lead to modulus‐reducing fibre damage at higher creep stresses: a study in rabbit medial collateral ligament model
Authors: Thornton G. M. , Shrive N. G. , Frank C. B. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractLigaments are subjected to a range of loads during different activities in vivo, suggesting that they must resist creep at various stresses. Cyclic and static creep tests of rabbit medial collateral ligament were used as a model to examine creep over a range of stresses in the toe‐ and linear‐regions of the stress–strain curve: 4.1 MPa (n =7), 7.1 MPa (n = 6), 14 MPa (n = 9) and 28 MPa (n = 6). We quantified ligament creep behaviour to determine if, at low stresses, modulus would increase in a cyclic creep test and collagen fibres would be recruited in a static creep test. At higher creep stresses, a decrease in measured modulus was expected to be a potential marker of damage. The increase in modulus during cyclic creep and the increase in strain during static creep were similar between the three toe‐region stresses (4.1, 7.1, 14 MPa). However, at the linear‐region stress (28 MPa), both these parameters increased significantly compared to the increases at the three toe‐region stresses. A concurrent crimp analysis revealed that collagen fibres were recruited during creep, evidenced by decreased area of crimped fibres at the end of the static creep test. Interestingly, a predominance of straightened fibres was observed at the end of the 28 MPa creep test, suggesting a limited potential for fibre recruitment at higher, linear‐region stresses. An additional 28 MPa (n = 6) group had mechanically detectable discontinuities in their stress–strain curves during creep that were related to reductions in modulus and suggested fibre damage. These data support the concept that collagen fibre recruitment is a mechanism by which ligaments resist creep at low stresses. At a higher creep stress, which was still only about a third of the failure capacity, damage to some ligaments occurred and was marked by a sudden reduction in modulus. In the cyclic tests, with continued cycling, the modulus increased back to original values obtained before the discontinuity suggesting that other fibres were being recruited to bear load. These results have important implications for our understanding of how fibre recruitment and stress redistribution act in normal ligament to minimize creep and restore modulus after fibre damage.© 2002 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
N,N′-Dicyano-p-acepleiadylenequinonediimine and Its 1,2-Dibromo Derivative: New DCNQI Type Acceptors and Their Conducting Complexes
Authors: Sato Ohki , Okada Yuji , Shirahata Takashi , Takahashi Kazuko , Tsunetsugu Josuke 
Published: October 2002

Abstract
N,N′-Dicyano-p-acepleiadylenequinonediimine (DCNAPQ-DI) and its 1,2-dibromo derivative (Br2-DCNAPQDI), a new family of acepleiadylene-based DCNQI type electron acceptors have been synthesized. Br2-DCNAPQDI exhibiting the first half-wave reduction potential of −0.03 V vs SCE afforded a fairly high conducting Cu salt.
Synthesis of High Si-containing SAPO-11 by Post-Si Method
Authors: Wang Li-Jun , Guo Chang-Wen , Huang Xi-Dan , Li Quan-Zhi 
Published: October 2002

Abstract
High Si-containing SAPO-11 molecular sieve with enhanced SAPO domain has been successfully synthesized with diethylamine template by modified hydrothermal method. The sample was characterized with XRD, EDX, N2 adsorption, SEM, 29Si MAS NMR, NH3-TPD. Bifunctional hydroconversion of n-dodecane on Pd/SAPO-11 catalyst showed high hydroisomer conversion and selectivity compared with the results of catalyst prepared by the normal method. The enhanced SAPO domain improves the catalytic results.
Incomplete and complete manganese cubes
Authors: Nihei Masayuki , Hoshino Norihisa , Ito Tasuku , Oshio Hiroki 
Published: October 2002

Abstract
Reactions of MnCl2·4H2O with 2-(5-bromo salicylideneamino)-1-propanol (H2(5-Br-sap)) under aerobic conditions and with 2-salicylideneamino-1-propanol (H2(sap)) under strict anaerobiosis yielded tri and tetranuclear manganese complexesof [MnIII3(μ3-O)(5-Br-sap)3(H2O)3]Cl·5.5H2O (1) and [MnII4(sap)4(MeOH)4]·2H2O (2), respectively; the magnetic susceptibility measurements revealed intramolecular antiferromagnetic interactions being operative in both compounds, of which exchange coupling constant for 2 was estimated to be −1.6 cm−1 (H=−2JΣSi·Sj).
Thermally Induced Topochemical Polymerization of 1,3-Diene Monomers
Authors: Nagahama Sadamu , Matsumoto Akikazu 
Published: October 2002

Abstract
The topochemical polymerization of the 1,3-diene compounds such as the ammonium and ester derivatives of the muconic and sorbic acids is induced by heating without any irradiation in the crystalline state.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of InP Semiconductor Nanocrystals
Authors: Wei Shuo , Lu Jun , Zeng Liling , Yu Weichao , Qian Yitai 
Published: October 2002

Abstract
Pure InP nanocrystals were synthesized in aqueous ammonia (potassium stearate, 0.01 mol·L−1) at 170 °C for 12 h. The X-ray diffraction pattern was of the cubic phase with lattice constant a=5.8523±5×10−4 Å. The secondary particles with 180 nm consisting of fine InP NCs with 15 nm in size were found from the transmission electron microscope images. The optimal reaction conditions were searched, and a possible reaction mechanism was discussed.