bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Full‐wave analysis of planar radiofrequency coils and coil arrays with assumed current distribution
Authors: Wright Steven M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFor the analysis of single radiofrequency (RF) surface coils at frequencies commonly used for magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy, magnetostatic analysis often provides sufficiently accurate results. However, the availability of higher field whole body magnets and the widespread use of RF coil arrays have demonstrated the need for more accurate solutions. While more advanced approaches are available, such as the finite‐element method or integral equation methods, commercial codes are not widely available and the techniques can be difficult to implement. This paper presents a computationally and analytically simple full‐wave analysis method to determine the self and mutual impedances and magnetic fields of planar RF coils and coil arrays. The approach is formulated in the spectral domain and results in a computationally efficient method that includes the conductivity and permittivity of a planar load. Thus, high‐field shielding effects are included. As described here, the method requires knowledge of the current distribution on the coils, which can be assumed to be constant in the case of simple rectangular or circular coil elements or determined from other methods such as equivalent circuit analysis in the case of more complicated structures. Complete expressions for the calculation of self and mutual impedances and the magnetic fields of circular and rectangular coils are provided. Examples are shown which demonstrate effects not modeled by quasistatics, including shielding effects and frequency‐dependent field asymmetries. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts in Magnetic Resonance (Magn Reson Engineering) 15: 2–14, 2002.
Prophylactic growth factor‐primed donor lymphocyte infusion using cells reserved at the time of transplantation after allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in patients with high‐risk hematologic malignancies
Authors: Sohn Sang‐Kyun , Jung Jin‐Tae , Kim Dong‐Hwan , Lee Nan‐Young , Seo Kwang‐Woon , Chae Yee‐Soo , Park Soung‐Won , Kim Jong‐Gwang , Suh Jang‐Soo , Lee Kyu‐Bo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDStandard allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) offers only a small chance of cure for most adult patients with advanced hematologic malignancies. The authors postulated that allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) followed by prophylactic growth factor‐primed donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) with cells reserved at harvest would maximize the graft‐versus‐tumor effects in patients with hematologic malignancies who had a high risk of recurrence.METHODSSeventeen patients with hematologic malignancies who had a high risk of recurrence were allocated on an intent‐to‐treat basis to allogeneic PBSCT from human leukocyte antigen‐matched sibling donors followed by prophylactic growth factor‐primed DLI of cells reserved at harvest for transplantation.RESULTSThe median age was 37 years (range, 19–56 years). All donors underwent two or more apheresis procedures. The median numbers of mononuclear cells (MNCs), CD34 positive (CD34+) cells, and CD3+ cells, respectively, that were collected for 17 donors were 9.0 × 108 MNCs/kg (range, 4.9–14.4 × 108 MNCs/kg), 13.0 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg (range, 2.4–75.2 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg), and 5.8 × 108 CD3+ cells/kg (range, 3.3–9.9 × 108 CD3+ cells/kg) for a mean number of 2.35 apheresis procedures (range, 2.0–4.0 procedures). The median numbers of MNCs and CD3+ cells that were cryopreserved were 2.1 × 108 MNCs/kg (range, 0.0–4.4 × 108 MNCs/kg) and 1.4 × 108 CD3+ cells/kg (range, 0.0–3.5 × 108 CD3+ cells/kg). Seven of 17 patients received additional PBSCs, with a median of 5.0 × 107 CD3+ cells/kg (range, 3.0–9.9 CD3+ cells/kg) between Day 41 and Day 120. The reasons for inability to administer additional PBSCs in 10 patients included early death (n = 4 patients), severe graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) (n = 3 patients), disease recurrence (n = 2 patients), and harvest failure (n = 1 patient). Of seven patients, two patients died of recurrence, and one died of cytomegalovirus pneumonitis. The surviving four patients were free of disease when last assessed (median follow‐up, 597 days) but were suffering from chronic GVHD (one patient had limited GVHD, and three patients had extensive GVHD).CONCLUSIONSThe authors suggest that allogeneic PBSCT with prophylactic growth factor‐primed DLI may be a potentially curative strategy for the treatment of hematologic malignancies in patients with a high risk of recurrence. Their approach may offer the additional advantage of collecting enough cells at harvest for the potential use of DLI, which is easy, convenient for donors, and cost effective. Cancer 2002;94:18–24. © 2002 American Cancer Society.
Circulating tumor cells in the peripheral blood and bone marrow of patients with ovarian carcinoma do not predict prognosis
Authors: Marth Christian , Kisic Jelena , Kærn Janne , Tropé Claes , Fodstad Øystein 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDOvarian carcinoma is apparently restricted for a long time to the peritoneal cavity. However, about 50% of patients with a surgically documented complete intraabdominal response experience later recurrence. Occult hematogenous micrometastases are common to most epithelial malignancies and have recently been found in 30% of bone marrow samples of ovarian carcinoma patients, as examined by immunocytochemistry. Moreover, these findings were associated with poor progression‐free and overall survival. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the possible prognostic significance of tumor cells detected in the peripheral blood and bone marrow of ovarian carcinoma patients by an immunomagnetic method.METHODSIn a total of 90 patients with histologically proven epithelial ovarian carcinoma, blood and (in 73 cases) bone marrow samples were taken. Tumor cells were identified by a microbead coated with the antibody MOC‐31, which recognizes an epitope regularly expressed on ovarian carcinoma cells.RESULTSThe authors detected carcinoma cells in the bone marrow in 21% of ovarian carcinoma patients, and in the peripheral blood in 12% of patients. Mean overall survival was 25 and 28 months for patients with or without circulating tumor cells, respectively.CONCLUSIONSOvarian carcinoma cells seem to reach peripheral circulation more frequently than expected. However, in contrast to an earlier report, detection of tumor cells in the bone marrow and/or blood was not associated with poor prognosis in ovarian carcinoma patients. This discrepancy remains unexplained, but characterization of circulating ovarian carcinoma cells for their malignant and metastatic capacity is clearly warranted. Cancer 2002;94:707–12. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10250
Detection of cell free Epstein–Barr virus DNA in sera from patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Hsiao Jenn‐Ren , Jin Yin‐Tai , Tsai Sen‐Tien 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe detection of tumor‐derived DNA within the circulation of patients with malignant disease using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based strategies has opened a new avenue for the diagnosis and monitoring of these patients. Because of the universal association of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) with the nonsquamous type of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC; World Health Organization types II and III), the detection of cell free EBV DNA in sera from patients with NPC may be a valuable tool for monitoring the progress of tumors or to provide advanced warning of tumor recurrence.METHODSSerum samples were obtained from different patients, and cell free EBV DNA was detected with a conventional PCR approach. A total of 134 patients were sampled, including 36 patients with primary NPC, 28 control patients, 18 patients suffering from locoregional recurrence, 7 patients with distant metastasis, and 45 patients with NPC in clinical remission. A conventional PCR approach employing standard 35‐cycle and 50‐cycle reactions was used to detect cell free EBV genomes. Results from the two PCR cycles were compared to provide a semiquantitative picture of the relative quantity of EBV genome in each serum sample.RESULTSThe EBV DNA detection rates, i.e., the rates of positive detection, for 35‐cycle and 50‐cycle PCR analyses, respectively, were 38.9% and 75% for patients with primary NPC, 3.5% and 10.7% for control patients, 27.8% and 88.9% for patients with locoregional disease recurrence, 71.4% and 100% for patients with distant metastasis, and 7.1% and 36.5% for patients with disease in clinical remission. The rates of positive detection among patients with active disease all appeared to be significantly greater compared with the rates among patients with disease in clinical remission. Longitudinal data for six patients with recurrent tumors revealed a close correlation between the relative quantity of circulating cell free EBV genomes and the disease course of these patients. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the 50‐cycle PCR analysis for detecting recurrent disease were 92%, 63.5%, 42.6%, and 96.4%, respectively.CONCLUSIONSThis study demonstrated that, by using a 50‐cycle PCR‐based approach, high sensitivity and high negative predictive value for detecting recurrent disease can be obtained from the detection of the cell free EBV genome in sera from patients with NPC. The 50‐cycle PCR analysis, therefore, may provide a simple, clinically useful adjuvant method for monitoring patients with NPC. Cancer 2002;94:723–9. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10251
Diagnostic utility of bilateral bone marrow examination
Authors: Wang Jun , Weiss Lawrence M. , Chang Karen L. , Slovak Marilyn L. , Gaal Karl , Forman Stephen J. , Arber Daniel A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo retrospectively evaluate the significance of morphologic examination and ancillary studies performed on bilateral bone marrow biopsy specimens, 1864 bone marrow samples were studied.METHODSBilateral bone marrow biopsy specimens included 883 specimens that were evaluated for involvement by non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL); 381 specimens that were evaluated for involvement by carcinoma (CA); 362 specimens that were evaluated for involvement by Hodgkin disease (HD); 94 specimens that were evaluated for involvement by sarcoma (SA); 56 specimens that were evaluated for involvement by multiple myeloma (MM); 53 specimens that were evaluated for involvement by acute and chronic leukemia, myelodysplasia, and/or myeloproliferative disorders (LEUK); and 35 specimens that were evaluated for other reasons.RESULTSOf all 1864 specimens, 410 samples (22.0%) were positive for disease, including 77% of MM samples, 58% of LEUK samples, 29.6% of NHL samples, 14% of SA samples, 9.9% of HD samples, and 6.8% of CA samples. A discrepancy between the left and right sides was identified in 48 specimens (11.7% of positive samples). The discrepancy rate was 39% for HD samples, 29% for SA samples, 23% for CA samples, and 9.2% for NHL samples. No morphologic discrepancies between bilateral samples were found in MM samples or LEUK samples. Bilateral flow cytometric studies (n = 113 samples) were positive in 11 samples (9.7%; all morphologically positive), with two discrepancies detected between bilateral samples. Bilateral cytogenetic studies (n = 74 samples) were positive in 5 samples (7%), and there were no discrepancies. Bilateral molecular studies (n = 16 samples) were positive in 7 samples (44%), and there were 3 discrepancies.CONCLUSIONSBilateral morphologic evaluation is useful in the evaluation of patients with NHL, HD, CA, and SA and is not indicated for patients with acute or chronic leukemia, myelodysplasia, MM, and other diseases. Bilateral flow cytometric or cytogenetic studies of bone marrow did not provide additional information in this population to justify bilateral samples. The role of bilateral molecular analysis needs to be defined further, but pooled samples for molecular studies may be adequate. Cancer 2002;94:1522–31. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10364
Seminal vesicle involvement in patients with D1 disease predicts early prostate specific antigen recurrence and metastasis after radical prostatectomy and early androgen ablation
Authors: Ahlering Thomas E. , Skarecky Douglas W. , McLaren Christine E. , Weinberg Alan C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDControversy persists regarding the management of patients who present with locally advanced metastatic prostate carcinoma. Although radical prostatectomy is not curative, there is growing evidence that survival may be prolonged when the surgery is combined with early androgen ablation. In the current study, the authors present data with which to evaluate and define factors for disease progression in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy with lymph node positive disease who are treated with early endocrine ablation.METHODSData from 40 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy and early androgen ablation between 1987–1998, all of whom had lymph node positive disease, were analyzed. Age, preoperative prostate specific antigen (PSA) level, clinical and pathologic Gleason score, surgical margin, seminal vesicle involvement (SVI), and the number and percentage of involved positive lymph nodes were analyzed to predict PSA progression, metastasis, and death using univariate and multivariate statistical techniques.RESULTSUnivariate analysis identified only SVI as a statistically significant predictor of PSA progression and metastasis. Twenty‐seven patients (67.5%) were found to have SVI. Multivariate analysis failed to identify other factors that added significantly to the predictive ability of SVI. Kaplan–Meier estimates of time to PSA recurrence and metastasis demonstrated that SVI was highly predictive of disease progression. The median time to PSA progression for the 27 patients with SVI was 7.5 years compared with no progression reported in the 13 patients without SVI (P = 0.011).CONCLUSIONSVI is a very powerful predictor of disease progression in patients with lymph node positive disease who undergo radical prostatectomy and early androgen ablation. In the current study, preoperative PSA, clinical or pathologic Gleason scores, and other clinical factors were not found to be predictive of disease outcome. Cancer 2002;94:1648–53. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10378
Transcervical needle biopsy for the differential diagnosis between uterine sarcoma and leiomyoma
Authors: Kawamura Naoki , Ichimura Tomoyuki , Ito Fumihiro , Shibata Sachiko , Takahashi Kumiyo , Tsujimura Akemi , Ishiko Osamu , Haba Tomoko , Wakasa Kenichi , Ogita Sachio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe clinical differential diagnosis between uterine sarcoma and benign leiomyoma is difficult even with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Therefore, a considerable number of patients have undergone hysterectomies due to an indication of “suspected malignancy” based on tumor size alone. However, approximately 80% of these hysterectomies have been judged to have been recommended inappropriately. In such situations, reliable preoperative diagnostic tests are required. The authors have evaluated the accuracy of needle biopsy for uterine myoma‐like tumors, a procedure that to the authors' knowledge has been performed infrequently.METHODSTranscervical needle biopsy was performed in 435 patients with uterine myoma‐like tumors. The biopsy specimens were scored for degree of malignancy according to the histopathologic criteria proposed by Bell et al. Histopathologic evaluation of surgical specimens and clinical outcome after 2 years of follow‐up were used as the reference standards.RESULTSOf 435 patients, 7 had uterine sarcomas, 4 of which were scored as ≥ 4 points and were diagnosed as “sarcoma” by needle biopsy alone. No sarcoma cases were included in the group of patients with a score of 0. The cutoff score combining the highest sensitivity and specificity with respect to distinguishing uterine leiomyosarcoma from uterine leiomyoma was 2; sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 100%, 98.6%, 58%, and 100.0%, respectively.CONCLUSIONSTranscervical needle biopsy using histopathologic scoring is a reliable diagnostic test for the differential diagnosis between uterine sarcoma and leiomyoma. This diagnostic method, combined with MRI screening, could reduce the number of patients currently undergoing unnecessary surgery. Cancer 2002;94:1713–20. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10382
Treatment decisions for breast carcinoma
Authors: Bruera Eduardo , Willey Jie S. , Lynn Palmer J. , Rosales Marguerite 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDPatient autonomy and participation in treatment decision making have been encouraged in recent years. However, patients and physicians frequently disagree with regard to the patient's needs and perceptions of their illness. To the authors' knowledge to date only limited research has assessed physicians' perceptions of patients' decision‐making preferences. The purpose of the current prospective study was to determine the agreement between patient decision‐making preferences and physician perceptions of those preferences.METHODSWomen with breast carcinoma who were attending their first outpatient consultation with a breast medical oncologist in a university cancer center were enrolled in the current study. At the end of the consultation, the patients were given a survey regarding their treatment decision‐making preferences that included active, shared, and passive roles in decision‐making and the patients' attending physicians also were given a survey regarding their perceptions of the patients' decision‐making preferences.RESULTSFifty‐seven patients had complete data and were analyzed. Approximately 89% of these 57 patients preferred either an active or a shared role in decision making. The agreement between patients and physicians with regard to decision‐making preference only occurred in 24 cases (42%). The majority of covariates such as age, education, and income were not found to be statistically significant with regard to patient preferences or to the proportion of patients and physicians who agreed on the patient's preferences.CONCLUSIONSWomen with breast carcinoma appear to have a strong desire for involvement in making decisions regarding their treatment. However, physicians do not appear to be consistently able to predict the decision‐making preferences of their patients. Enhanced agreement between patient preferences and physician expectations mostly likely will improve communication and patient satisfaction with the treatment decision‐making process. Cancer 2002;94:2076–80. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10393
Loss of PTEN expression is associated with metastatic disease in patients with endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Salvesen Helga B. , Stefansson Ingunn , Kalvenes May Britt , Das Soma , Akslen Lars A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe PTEN tumor suppressor gene frequently is involved in endometrial carcinoma. Loss of heterozygosity and mutations reportedly are common, although the biologic importance of these changes remain largely unknown. The objective of this study was to assess the pattern of PTEN expression by immunohistochemistry in a large series of patients with endometrial carcinoma.METHODSA population‐based series of 316 patients with endometrial carcinoma who had long and complete follow‐up was investigated for PTEN expression and its correlation with clinicopathologic variables, tumor markers, and survival.RESULTSPTEN protein expression was mainly cytoplasmic in tumor cells, with no expression seen in 56 of 279 patients (20%) who had evaluable results. A heterogeneous staining pattern was found in 70 tumors (25%). A significant association between the loss of PTEN expression and metastatic disease was identified (P = 0.05). However, PTEN staining did not influence survival significantly.CONCLUSIONSThe loss of PTEN expression is relatively frequent in endometrial carcinoma and is associated significantly with metastatic disease. This indicates that the PTEN system plays an important role in some endometrial carcinomas, but further studies of PTEN protein expression related to various genetic alterations are necessary. Cancer 2002;94:2185–91. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10434
A prospective, randomized trial comparing neoadjuvant chemotherapy with radiotherapy alone in patients with advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Hareyama Masato , Sakata Koh‐ichi , Shirato Hiroki , Nishioka Takeshi , Nishio Masamichi , Suzuki Keishiro , Saitoh Akio , Oouchi Atsushi , Fukuda Satoshi , Himi Tetsuo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDA prospective, randomized study was performed to determine the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy over radiotherapy alone in patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.METHODSFrom January 1991 to December 1998, 80 patients were enrolled in this study. Patients with locoregional carcinoma of the nasopharynx were randomized to receive two courses of chemotherapy, consisting of cisplatin and 5‐fluorouracil (CDDP‐5FU), that were administered before radiation therapy (CT arm) or radiotherapy alone. The patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy were treated with radiation therapy, which was scheduled to commence 2 weeks after the second course chemotherapy.RESULTSWith a median follow‐up of 49 months, a trend toward improved overall survival or disease free survival favoring the CT arm was observed (5‐year overall survival rate, 60% vs. 48%; 5‐year disease free survival rate, 55% vs. 43%), although this difference was not significant. There were no differences in locoregional failure free survival between the two arms. However, metastasis free survival favored the CT arm, although this difference was not significant. The results also demonstrated that most patients in the CT arm who experienced recurrent disease developed locoregional recurrences before distant metastases, suggesting that improvements in locoregional control may lead to improved disease free survival.CONCLUSIONSThe use of CDDP‐5FU chemotherapy prior to radiotherapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma did not result in a significant improvement in disease free survival or overall survival. However, there was a positive tendency in favor of the CT arm for distant metastasis free survival, although there was no improvement in the locoregional recurrence free survival rate. Cancer 2002;94:2217–23. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10473