bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytoplasmic β‐actin promoter produces germ cell and preimplantation embryonic transgene expression
Authors: Sands Arthur T. , Hansen Thomas N. , Demayo Francesco J. , Stanley Louise A. , Xin Lei , Schwartz Robert J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe cytoplasmic β‐actin promoter, commonly used as strong promoter in many gene regulation studies, produces a pattern of male germ cell and preimplantation, embryonic gene expression in transgenic mice. In seven of ten expressing transgenic lines, a chicken β‐actin‐lacZ fusion gene was expressed in adult testes. In addition, five of the ten lines demonstrated transgene expression in the preimplantation mouse embryo. This is the first example of transgene expression at the stages of both gamete and early embryo. Overall, the site or transgene integration appeared to influence transgene expression in adult tissues. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structural, electrical and optical properties of sol–gel derived yttrium doped ZnO films
Authors: Kaur Ravinder , Singh A. V. , Mehra R. M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractUndoped and yttrium doped zinc oxide thin films have been deposited on corning glass by dip coating technique. The effect of doping (0–4 wt%) and annealing temperature (300–500 °C) on the structural, optical and electrical properties of the produced films have been investigated. All the films show polycrystalline nature at an annealing temperature of 350 °C. The preferential c‐axis growth with lowest full width at half maximum of (002) reflection peak is seen only up to an optimum annealing temperature. A blue shift in the absorption edge is observed both, with increase in dopant concentration and annealing temperature. The electrical resistivity of the films decreases by doping with yttrium. The lowest resistivity of 3.5 × 10–2 Ω cm and an average transmittance of 86% in the visible range has been obtained in YZO films doped with 3 wt% of yttrium and annealed at 450 °C. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Exciton‐related luminescence in LuAG:Ce single crystals and single crystalline films
Authors: Zorenko Yu. , Gorbenko V. , Voloshinovskii A. , Stryganyuk G. , Mikhailin V. , Kolobanov V. , Spassky D. , Nikl M. , Blazek K. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractLuminescence of the excitons and the role of anti‐site defects, as well as the peculiarities of energy transfer to the Ce3+ activator ions were investigated in Lu3Al5O12:Ce compound. The measurements of time–resolved emission spectra and decay kinetics at 9 K and 300 K under the excitation by synchrotron radiation were used. The characteristics of single crystals and single crystalline films of Lu3Al5O12:Ce were compared and differences explained in the light of substantially different concentrations of the anti‐site defects in the same material prepared by different technologies. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Angular dispersion of photons and phonons in a photonic crystal of selectively grown GaN pyramids containing an InxGa1–xN quantum well structure
Authors: Coquillat D. , Torres J. , Le Vassor d'Yerville M. , Legros R. , Lascaray J. P. , Liu C. , Watson I. M. , Martin R. W. , Chong H. M. H. , De La Rue R. M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAngular‐dependent reflection measurements were used to map out the dispersion relations of the resonant Bloch modes, and the angular dispersion of the phonon modes, in a photonic crystal consisting of selectively grown GaN pyramids containing a single InxGa1–xN/GaN quantum well. The dispersion of the photons exhibits strong photonic crystal characteristics, while the mean indium content of the ∼2 nm thickness InxGa1–xN layer was extracted from the angular dispersion of the phonon modes. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Technical aspects of 〈$ \bf 11\bar 20 $〉 4H–SiC MOSFET processing
Authors: Blanc C. , Tournier D. , Soulière V. , Juillaguet S. , Contreras S. , Zielinski M. , Godignon P. , Monteil Y. , Camassel Jean 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIn order to process n‐type channel MOSFETs on 〈$ 11\bar 20 $〉‐oriented 4H–SiC wafers one has to optimise, independently, many different steps. First is the growth of the active epitaxial layer, including the effect of p‐type doping. Next is the oxidation and, finally, the n‐type implantation for source and drain formation. In this work, we investigate the growth and doping of the p‐type doped epitaxial layer on the 〈$ 11\bar 20 $〉‐oriented substrate using, both, SIMS, low temperature photoluminescence measurements and Hall effect measurement to control the final doping level. Next we investigate the change in oxidation kinetics with respect to the conventional 〈0001〉 surfaces. Finally, we evaluate the efficiency of implantation and annealing processes. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Simulation analysis of dynamical properties of Cl2 on GaAs(001)
Authors: Ozeki M. , Shimizu Y. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractDynamical behaviors of Cl2 on GaAs(001)‐(2 × 4) surface were studied by a trajectory simulation. A 612‐atom five‐layer slab of GaAs surface, with periodic boundary conditions in two dimensions, is employed in the calculation. In order to maintain the surface temperature, friction and stochastic forces are included in the simulation program. Pairwise potentials are adopted for the interaction between molecule‐surface atoms, inner atoms of molecule, and surface atoms. The simulations well describe the experimental result and provide some important insights into the energy exchange process at surface scattering, trapping/desorption process, and angle‐resolved patterns of scattered Cl2 molecule on GaAs surface. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synchronization of strongly interacting overdamped Josephson junctions
Authors: Grib Alexander , Mans Michael , Scherbel Jens , Seidel Paul 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe high frequency approximation is applied for the description of phase locking in the chain of two junctions loaded by the arbitrary resonance system providing strong coupling. The derived equation of synchronization describes phase locking for junctions which McCumber parameters of an order of magnitude larger than those described in ranges of the slowly varying amplitude approximation. The developed method is applied to the chain of junctions loaded by a resonant transmission line. Obtained values of the voltage locking interval and the maximal tolerant spread of critical currents are in agreement with numerical calculations. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A logical framework for evolving software systems
Authors: Alencar Paulo S. C. , de Lucena Carlos J. P. 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
In this paper we present a logical framework for evolving software systems in which the critical aspects of large-scale software systems maintenance are treated by an approach which considers that configuration management is essentially concerned with the management of system changes. The basis of this framework is a formal description of transitions that might be made in the soft-ware change process, the purpose of the formalism is to allow deductions to be made about the validity of such transitions. A generalised formal description of software system architectures from the viewpoint of evolving software systems is also provided in the paper. Reasoning about functional aspects of these descriptions is achieved through the interaction of a theorem prover for the proposed metalogic formalism and a theorem prover for reasoning about sequential programs. In our approach the alterations of software descriptions can be viewed as programming-in-the-large transformations which are stated by means of the descriptive/prescriptive (deontic) features of actions.
Ultrasound imaging to evaluate Creatsas vaginoplasty
Authors: Botsis D. , Deligeoroglou E. , Christopoulos P. , Aravantinos L. , Papagianni V. , Creatsas G. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractObjective: To present a new imaging technique for the evaluation of the functional effectiveness of Creatsas vaginoplasty. Method: Eighteen women with Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser syndrome underwent a transabdominal and transperineal ultrasound examination 4 weeks and 6 months after the surgical creation of a neovagina, and then yearly, with a condom filled with water as a distending and imaging medium. The functional length and width of the neovagina and its axis deviation were assessed, as well as the postoperative quality of the women's sexual life. Results: A functional vagina 10 to 12 cm in length and 4 to 5 cm in width was observed; its axis deviation, which was similar to the anatomic deviation, was easily determined; and 94.5% of the women reported a satisfactory while 5.5% reported an adequate sexual life. Conclusion: This new imaging technique is a simple and effective alternative for the evaluation of the postoperative effectiveness of colpopoiesis.
Telomere shortening in leucocyte subsets of long‐term survivors of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Wynn R. , Thornley I. , Freedman M. , Saunders E. F. 
Published: February 2005

Recent studies have demonstrated excessive telomeric shortening in peripheral blood leucocytes of bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients. This finding has raised concerns about accelerated haemopoietic ageing that might predispose to clonal disorders and late graft failure. We studied the peripheral blood neutrophils and T cells of 14 fully engrafted long‐term survivors of BMT.We found that in both neutrophils and T cells there was significant telomere shortening in the recipient (0.6 and 0.5 kb, respectively; P < 0.001 and < 0.04, respectively). We found no relationship between degree of shortening and the nucleated cell dose given at the time of transplant. We also demonstrated significantly longer telomeres in T cells than neutrophils from the same individual (mean 11.6 kb and 10.6 kb, respectively; P=0.0001).We propose mechanisms to account for these observations. The replicative stress that causes this telomere shortening does not necessarily occur at the level of the most primitive haemopoietic stem cell.
The Clinical Features of Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy Associated With Borderline (≥35 kb) 4q35 EcoRI Fragments
Authors: Felice Kevin J , Whitaker Charles H 
Published: February 2005

Objectives:
The objectives of this study were to characterize the clinical features of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) in patients with borderline (≥35 kb) EcoRI fragments and to compare patients with borderline EcoRI fragments with FSHD patients harboring fragments of <35 kb.

Background:
Most patients with FSHD harbor 4q35 EcoRI fragments of less than 35 kb. The clinical findings in patients with borderline fragments are not well known.

Methods:
The authors conducted a retrospective review of patients with FSHD followed at a regional neuromuscular center over a 12-year period.

Results:
Eleven patients with DNA-positive FSHD, found to harbor borderline (≥35 kb) EcoRI fragments (group 1), were compared with 30 patients with fragments of <35 kb (group 2). Group 1 patients were less likely (18%) to present with the classic FSHD phenotype as compared with group 2 patients (63%). Statistically significant differences in clinical disease severity and manual muscle testing scores were noted between the 2 groups, with group 1 patients showing less severe weakness and disability at presentation.

Conclusions:
Patients with borderline fragments are more likely to have a partial or less severe form of FSHD, probably resulting from a less disruptive DNA alteration at the 4q35 locus.
Characteristics of Human Calicivirus Enteritis in Intestinal Transplant Recipients
Authors: Kaufman Stuart S , Chatterjee Nando K , Fuschino Meghan E , Morse Dale L , Morotti Raffaella A , Magid Margret S , Gondolesi Gabriel E , Florman Sander S , Fishbein Thomas M 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACTObjectives:The human caliciviruses, which include Norwalk‐like viruses (or Noroviruses) and Sapporo viruses, commonly cause epidemic and endemic viral gastroenteritis of short duration in healthy individuals. However, the impact of human calicivirus in immunosuppressed populations has not been established. The authors report five pediatric patients who developed human calicivirus enteritis after intestinal transplantation.Methods:Infection was documented with repetitive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction testing with nucleotide sequencing of tissue and lumen fluid specimens.Results:A single strain, type Miami Beach, affected all patients in the hospital with an apparent index case. A potential mode of transmission was not defined. Severe osmotic or secretory diarrhea necessitated intravenous fluid therapy for 40 days or more in three of the five infants. Concurrent or recent subclinical allograft infection with adenovirus in two patients was associated with more severe symptoms. Virus excretion exceeded 80 days in two patients. Differentiation of human calicivirus enteritis from allograft rejection was difficult, as both disorders were associated with increased enterocyte apoptosis and inflammation. Intensification of immunosuppressive therapy because of suspected rejection appeared to prolong symptoms.Conclusion:These findings demonstrate that human calicivirus can be a significant pathogen in intestinal transplant recipients and potentially in other immunocompromised patients.
Ipsilateral and Contralateral MRI Volumetric Abnormalities in Chronic Unilateral Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and their Clinical Correlates
Authors: Seidenberg Michael , Kelly Kiesa Getz , Parrish Joy , Geary Elizabeth , Dow Christian , Rutecki Paul , Hermann Bruce 
Published: February 2005

Summary:  Purpose: To assess the presence, extent, and clinical correlates of quantitative MR volumetric abnormalities in ipsilateral and contralateral hippocampus, and temporal and extratemporal lobe regions in unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Methods: In total, 34 subjects with unilateral left (n = 15) or right (n = 19) TLE were compared with 65 healthy controls. Regions of interest included the ipsilateral and contralateral hippocampus as well as temporal, frontal, parietal, and occipital lobe gray and white matter. Clinical markers of neurodevelopmental insult (initial precipitating insult, early age of recurrent seizures) and chronicity of epilepsy (epilepsy duration, estimated number of lifetime generalized seizures) were related to magnetic resonance (MR) volume abnormalities. Results: Quantitative MR abnormalities extend beyond the ipsilateral hippocampus and temporal lobe with extratemporal (frontal and parietal lobe) reductions in cerebral white matter, especially ipsilateral but also contralateral to the side of seizure onset. Volumetric abnormalities in ipsilateral hippocampus and bilateral cerebral white matter are associated with factors related to both the onset and the chronicity of the patients' epilepsy. Conclusions: These cross‐sectional findings support the view that volumetric abnormalities in chronic TLE are associated with a combination of neurodevelopmental and progressive effects, characterized by a prominent disruption in ipsilateral hippocampus and neural connectivity (i.e., white matter volume loss) that extends beyond the temporal lobe, affecting both ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres.
Changes in Baroreflex Responses of Kindled Rats
Authors: Kaya Çiğdem Apaydin , Özkaynakçi Aydan Ergün , Gören M. Zafer , Onat Filiz Yilmaz 
Published: February 2005

Summary:  Purpose: This study was planned to investigate the baroreflex responses (BRs) in kindled rats during seizure‐free period to put forward new data on cardiac autonomic changes in epilepsy. Methods: Male Wistar rats were randomized into sham‐operated (SO) and kindled groups where stimulation and recording electrodes were implanted stereotaxically into the basolateral amygdala and the cortex, respectively. For kindling process, rats were stimulated twice daily at their afterdischarge threshold current and accepted as being kindled after 10 grade 5 seizures. Six to 8 weeks after the establishment of the kindled state, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were evaluated. BR was defined as the ratio of HR response to changes in MAP induced by i.v. nitroprusside (10, 25 μg/kg) or i.v. phenylephrine (10, 25 μg/kg). The sympathetic or parasympathetic component of the BR was evaluated in rats pretreated with atropine or atenolol where phenylephrine or nitroprusside was administered at 25 μg/kg. Results: Basal MAP and HR values were found to be similar in SO and kindled rats. Phenylephrine increased MAP more in the kindled group (p < 0.05), but the HR decreased similarly in both groups. Nitroprusside decreased MAP at similar rates, but the increase in HR was higher in the kindled rats (p < 0.05). BRs to phenylephrine and nitroprusside were abolished after pretreatment with atenolol and atropine, whereas phenylephrine‐ and nitroprusside‐induced changes in MAP remained unchanged in both groups. Conclusions: These results may indicate that amygdaloid kindling affects BRs in long‐term seizure‐free periods.
Memoirs of a Peace Historian
Authors: Abrams Irwin 
Published: February 2005

This article will tell the personal story of how I came to write about the peace movement and then something about my work on this subject during my year in Europe 1936–37 as a Harvard Sheldon Traveling Fellow. Due to time and space restrictions, I will concentrate mainly on my time in Geneva at the International Peace Bureau and the Library of the League of Nations.In the journal I started on January 18, 1936, I wrote, “I do not know how long I can keep this up, but if I am able to, how much pleasure I shall have when I, as a bearded and bent octogenarian, can read over this record.” I did keep it up through those years, and though I am not bearded and not too bent, but still an octogenarian for another month, I have indeed been reading with much enjoyment my pages about how this rather naive twenty‐two‐year‐old encountered Europe for the first time.
Retrospective analyses of pooled data from CREST I and CREST II trials for treatment of cocaine dependence
Authors: Elkashef Ahmed , Holmes Tyson H. , Bloch Daniel A. , Shoptaw Steve , Kampman Kyle , Reid Malcolm S. , Somoza Eugene , Ciraulo Domenic , Rotrosen John , Leiderman Deborah , Montgomery Ann , Vocci Frank 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACTAim  To analyze pooled data from the Cocaine Rapid Evaluation Screening Trial (CREST). Pooling data from these small pilot trials into four major drug classes permitted data exploration for treatment and covariate effects with increased sample size.Design  Small pilot trials were conducted to screen fifteen medications as prospective treatments for cocaine dependence. Studies included a flexible 2‐week to 4‐week screening/baseline period followed by an 8‐week randomized treatment condition. Participants were randomized equally to one of up to three active medications or placebo.Setting  Five Medications Development Research Units at the five academic centers of University of Cincinnati, New York University, University of Pennsylvania, University of California Los Angeles and Boston University.Participants  The pooled data set consisted of 357 total subjects. Standardized inclusion and exclusion criteria were employed in subject selection to enhance consistency of cocaine‐dependent study participants across all sites (see reports on individual trials in this supplement for details). All participants provided at least two urine samples that were positive for cocaine metabolite during a two‐week period prior to being randomized.Intervention  All subjects in these trials, those randomized to placebo and active medications, received active treatment in the form of evidence‐based cognitive behavioral therapy.Measures  Quantitative urine benzoylecgonine (BE), self‐report of cocaine use, and total Brief Substance Craving Scale (BSCS) scores were compared between each class of medication and its matched‐placebo group.Findings  Regression analysis of pooled data did not identify any statistically significant differences between treatment and matched‐placebo for any of the four classes. Exploration of the effects of baseline covariates indicated that gender and African American status were associated significantly with outcome. Female gender was consistently associated with poorer outcomes for medication and placebo groups, while the direction of association between African American status and outcome differed by treatment groups. Retention was also examined: dropout rates may have been somewhat higher for placebo than treatment groups during the early active‐treatment period. Classification trees were used to identify characteristics of subjects who were abstinent for at least two weeks during the eight‐week trial; only 4.0% of females while 17.9% of males achieved this criterion.Conclusions  Results presented here may prove useful for planning future clinical trials for therapies targeting cocaine dependence.
Cocaine Rapid Efficacy Screening Trial (CREST): a paradigm for the controlled evaluation of candidate medications for cocaine dependence
Authors: Leiderman Deborah B. , Shoptaw Steve , Montgomery Ann , Bloch Daniel A. , Elkashef Ahmed , LoCastro Joseph , Vocci Frank 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACTAim  Development of effective medications for the treatment of cocaine dependence remains a major priority for the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) at the National Institutes of Health. The Cocaine Rapid Efficacy Screening Trial (CREST) paradigm was developed by the Division of Treatment Research and Development (DT R&D) at NIDA with the goal of enhancing pilot clinical trial validity when systematically assessing a range of medications and drug classes for potential utility in treatment of cocaine dependence.Design  CREST utilizes a randomized, controlled, parallel group, blinded methodology for comparing one or more marketed medications against a standard, pharmaceutical grade placebo. The trial design is comprised of a flexible 2–4‐week screening/baseline period followed by randomization to an 8‐week treatment period.Measures  Standard measures of outcomes for the CREST included urinary benzoylecgonine (primary metabolite of cocaine), retention, cocaine craving, depression, clinical global impression and HIV‐risk behaviors. In order to facilitate comparisons of data from the CREST studies across sites, drug classes and time, standardized procedures, measures and psychosocial counseling were used.Results  A total of 19 medications were evaluated in out‐patient treatment research clinics in Boston, Cincinnati, Los Angeles, New York and Philadelphia.Conclusions  Findings supported decisions to move forward three medications (cabergoline, reserpine, tiagabine) using full‐scale, adequately powered, randomized placebo‐controlled trial designs. Lessons learned from the CREST experience continue to shape cocaine pharmacotherapy trial design and execution.