bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacodynamic Activity of Telithromycin at Simulated Clinically Achievable Free-Drug Concentrations in Serum and Epithelial Lining Fluid against Efflux (
mefE
)-Producing Macrolide- Resistant
Streptococcus pneumoniae
for Which Telithromycin MICs Vary
Authors: Zhanel George G. , Johanson Christel , Laing Nancy , Hisanaga Tamiko , Wierzbowski Aleksandra , Hoban Daryl J. 
Published: April 2005

ABSTRACT

The present study, using an in vitro model, assessed telithromycin pharmacodynamic activity at simulated clinically achievable free-drug concentrations in serum (S) and epithelial lining fluid (ELF) against efflux (
mefE
)-producing macrolide-resistant
Streptococcus pneumoniae
. Two macrolide-susceptible (PCR negative for both
mefE
and
ermB
) and 11 efflux-producing macrolide-resistant [PCR-positive for
mefE
and negative for
ermB
)
S. pneumoniae
strains with various telithromycin MICs (0.015 to 1 μg/ml) were tested. The steady-state pharmacokinetics of telithromycin were modeled, simulating a dosage of 800 mg orally once daily administered at time 0 and at 24 h (free-drug maximum concentration [
C
max
] in serum, 0.7 μg/ml; half-life [
t
1/2
], 10 h; free-drug
C
max
in ELF, 6.0 μg/ml;
t
1/2
, 10 h). Starting inocula were 10
6
CFU/ml in Mueller-Hinton Broth with 2% lysed horse blood. Sampling at 0, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h assessed the extent of bacterial killing (decrease in log
10
CFU/ml versus initial inoculum). Free-telithromycin concentrations in serum achieved in the model were
C
max
0.9 ± 0.08 μg/ml, area under the curve to MIC (AUC
0-24 h
) 6.4 ± 1.5 μg · h/ml, and
t
1/2
of 10.6 ± 0.6 h. Telithromycin-free ELF concentrations achieved in the model were
C
max
6.6 ± 0.8 μg/ml, AUC
0-24 h
45.5 ± 5.5 μg · h/ml, and
t
1/2
of 10.5 ± 1.7 h. Free-telithromycin S and ELF concentrations rapidly eradicated efflux-producing macrolide-resistant
S. pneumoniae
with telithromycin MICs up to and including 0.25 μg/ml and 1 μg/ml, respectively. Free-telithromycin S and ELF concentrations simulating
C
max
/MIC ≥ 3.5 and AUC
0-24 h
/MIC ≥ 25 completely eradicated (≥4 log
10
killing) macrolide-resistant
S. pneumoniae
at 24 and 48 h. Free-telithromycin concentrations in serum simulating
C
max
/MIC ≥ 1.8 and AUC
0-24 h
/MIC ≥ 12.5 were bacteriostatic (0.1 to 0.2 log
10
killing) against macrolide-resistant
S. pneumoniae
at 24 and 48 h. In conclusion, free-telithromycin concentrations in serum and ELF simulating
C
max
/MIC ≥ 3.5 and AUC
0-24 h
/MIC ≥ 25 completely eradicated (≥4 log
10
killing) macrolide-resistant
S. pneumoniae
at 24 and 48 h.
Cloning and Characterization of a Chromosomal Class C β-Lactamase and Its Regulatory Gene in
Laribacter hongkongensis
Authors: Lau Susanna K. P. , Ho Pak-leung , Li Maria W. S. , Tsoi Hoi-wah , Yung Raymond W. H. , Woo Patrick C. Y. , Yuen Kwok-yung 
Published: April 2005

ABSTRACT

Laribacter hongkongensis
, a newly discovered bacterium recently shown to be associated with community-acquired gastroenteritis, is generally resistant to most β-lactams except the carbapenems. We describe the cloning and characterization of a novel chromosomal class C β-lactamase and its regulatory gene in
L. hongkongensis
. Two genes,
ampC
and
ampR
, were cloned by inserting restriction fragments of genomic DNA from
L. hongkongensis
strain HLHK5 into pBK-CMV to give the recombinant plasmid pBK-LHK-5. The
ampR
and
ampC
genes and their promoters were divergently oriented, with the
ampR
gene immediately upstream of the
ampC
gene and an intercistronic Lys-R motif, typical of inducible
ampC-ampR
regulatory systems. The deduced amino acid sequence of the cloned AmpC β-lactamase (pI 8.1) contained consensus motifs characteristic of class C β-lactamases but had identities no greater than 46% to known class C β-lactamases. The kinetic properties of this AmpC were also compatible with those of a class C β-lactamase. PCR of 20 clinical isolates of
L. hongkongensis
, including HLHK5, showed the presence of both
ampC
and
ampR
genes in all isolates. Southern hybridization suggested that the
ampC
gene of HLHK5 was chromosomally encoded. Subcloning experiments showed that the expression of the
ampC
gene of HLHK5 was regulated by its
ampR
gene, which acts as a repressor. The β-lactamase characterized from strain HLHK5 was named LHK-5 (gene,
bla
LHK-5
) and represents the first example of AmpC β-lactamase in the β subdivision of proteobacteria.
Spread of a
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Strain Producing a Plasmid- Mediated ACC-1 AmpC β-Lactamase in a Teaching Hospital Admitting Disabled Patients
Authors: Ohana Salomon , Leflon Veronique , Ronco Esthel , Rottman Martin , Guillemot Didier , Lortat-Jacob Sylvie , Denys Pierre , Loubert Georges , Nicolas-Chanoine Marie-Helène , Gaillard Jean-Louis , Lawrence Christine 
Published: April 2005

ABSTRACT

We describe a large outbreak involving a
Klebsiella pneumoniae
strain producing a plasmid-encoded ACC-1 type AmpC β-lactamase in a hospital caring for patients with motor impairment. The epidemic strain was isolated from 57 patients in six wards between September 1999 and May 2003 and caused clinical infections in 19 patients.
Rapid Inversion of the Prevalences of Macrolide Resistance Phenotypes Paralleled by a Diversification of T and
emm
Types among
Streptococcus pyogenes
in Portugal
Authors: Silva-Costa C. , Ramirez M. , Melo-Cristino J. 
Published: April 2005

ABSTRACT

In Portugal erythromycin resistance of 26.6% (
n
= 352) remained constant during 1998 to 2003, however in 1998 the MLS
B
phenotype dominated (85%), whereas in 2003 the M phenotype prevailed (77%). A decline in T12/
emm
22 MLS
B
isolates could partially explain the drop in this phenotype, but the rise of the M phenotype was not due to clonal expansion.
Nationwide Study of
Escherichia coli
and
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Producing Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases in Spain
Authors: Hernández J. R. , Martínez-Martínez L. , Cantón R. , Coque T. M. , Pascual A. 
Published: April 2005

ABSTRACT

Clonal dissemination of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) in 170
Escherichia coli
isolates and 70
Klebsiella pneumoniae
isolates from a nationwide study of 40 Spanish centers in 2000 was not observed in most centers. The most prevalent ESBL were CTX-M-9 (27.3%), SHV-12 (23.9%), and CTX-M-14 (20.5%) for
E. coli
and TEM-3 (16.7%) and TEM-4 (25%) for
K. pneumoniae
. A new ESBL, TEM-133, with mutations L21F, E104K, and R164S, was identified.
Substrate-Dependent Utilization of OprM or OpmH by the
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
MexJK Efflux Pump
Authors: Chuanchuen Rungtip , Murata Takeshi , Gotoh Naomasa , Schweizer Herbert P. 
Published: April 2005

ABSTRACT
MexJK requires OprM for erythromycin efflux but not for triclosan efflux. Deletion of 15 OprM family outer membrane proteins (OMPs) revealed that only the TolC homolog OpmH functions with MexJK for triclosan efflux. This is the first report of natural utilization of multiple OMPs by a given resistance nodulation cell division transporter/membrane fusion protein pair.
High Levels of Antimicrobial Coresistance among Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing
Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Schwaber Mitchell J. , Navon-Venezia Shiri , Schwartz David , Carmeli Yehuda 
Published: April 2005

ABSTRACT

We compared the susceptibility of 312 extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing
Enterobacteriaceae
isolates with that of 1,216 ESBL nonproducers. Of ESBL producers, 25% were susceptible to gentamicin, 30% to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 41% to ciprofloxacin, and 60% to piperacillin-tazobactam. ESBL nonproducers were more often susceptible to these agents. ESBL-producing
Enterobacteriaceae
represent a major source of resistance to various antibiotics.
RECOVERY OF A SURFACE WITH BOUNDARY AND ITS CONTINUITY AS A FUNCTION OF ITS TWO FUNDAMENTAL FORMS
Authors: CIARLET PHILIPPE G. , MARDARE CRISTINEL 
Published: April 2005

If a field A of class [Formula: see text] of positive-definite symmetric matrices of order two and a field B of class [Formula: see text] of symmetric matrices of order two satisfy together the Gauss and Codazzi–Mainardi equations in a connected and simply-connected open subset ω of ℝ2, then there exists an immersion [Formula: see text], uniquely determined up to proper isometries in ℝ3, such that A and B are the first and second fundamental forms of the surface θ(ω). Let [Formula: see text] denote the equivalence class of θ modulo proper isometries in ℝ3 and let [Formula: see text] denote the mapping determined in this fashion. The first objective of this paper is to show that, if ω satisfies a certain "geodesic property" (in effect a mild regularity assumption on the boundary of ω) and if the fields A and B and their partial derivatives of order ≤ 2 (respectively, ≤ 1), have continuous extensions to [Formula: see text], the extension of the field A remaining positive-definite on [Formula: see text], then the immersion θ and its partial derivatives of order ≤ 3 also have continuous extensions to [Formula: see text]. The second objective is to show that, if ω satisfies the geodesic property and is bounded, the mapping ℱ can be extended to a mapping that is locally Lipschitz-continuous with respect to the topologies of the Banach spaces [Formula: see text] for the continuous extensions of the matrix fields (A, B), and [Formula: see text] for the continuous extensions of the immersions θ.
The Composition of Metaphorical Oracles Within the Book of Ezekiel
Authors: Schöpflin Karin 
Published: April 2005

AbstractEz. xv; xxi 2-4; xxii 17-22 and xxiv 3b-14 focus on the image of fire and heat representing divine anger and judgement. This basic metaphor is diversified by the objects exposed to fire and heat. Ez. xvi and xxiii unfold the metaphor of the spouse unfaithful to her husband as a retrospective of Jerusalem's sinning, thus providing the reason for severe punishment. The metaphor of a shepherd and his flock in Ez. xxxiv conveys a hopeful perspective, effectively contrasting to the composition of oracles announcing disaster. The imagery employed is basically familiar from prophetic writings preceding Ezekiel.Ez. xvii and xix are exceptions to the rule, because they combine diverse metaphorical elements that make up a story presenting animal and vegetable protagonists. As political allegories they foreshadow the political visions in the book of Daniel. They are a later insertion within the sequence of oracles in Ez. xv-xxiv (and xxxiv).
Psalm Cxxxix: Text, Syntax, Meaning
Authors: Booij TH. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe speaker is aware that YHWH knows him completely and is near him wherever he might go. The night, he says, may assault him, for in God's presence the darkness is as light to him as the day (vv. 11b, 12ba circumstantial clauses). That he can speak like this is because God himself made him the human being he is, with his own specific disposition (v. 13 'kidneys'; v. 15 'frame'). Indeed, of old he has been immensely distinguished (v. 14: nipleti). When there was just his lump of clay, YHWH's eyes saw it (v. 16). And of all the times that such golems were fashioned (yamun yussaru), each of which is remembered in heaven, there was that 'day' of his own golem (Qere welo), when he was made the person he is. By night, as a sign of distinction, the speaker may 'see' God's innumerable thoughts, and very precious they are to him. What bothers him a great deal, however, is the existence of the wicked. His hatred of them makes him feel uneasy. It is his prayer that God, who knows him so well, may test him on this point. The prayer in vv. 23f., thus related to the preceding passage, fits in with the structure of the poem. The textual transmission is problematic in v. 20.
Additional Considerations for Determining the Meaning of 'Ănôt and 'Annôt In Exod. xxxii 18
Authors: Makujina John 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWith the sense of 'ănôt and 'annôt in Exod. xxxii 18 still in flux, the author argues that the former should be rendered "answering" and the latter "singing." Critical to disclosing their meaning is the assistance gained from Exod. xvii 8-13, the battle at Rephidim.
Descent of the Goddess Ishtar to the Netherworld and Nahum II 8
Authors: Pinker Aron 
Published: April 2005

AbstractNahum depicts in ii 8 Nineveh's desperate appeal to Ishtar to ward off its attackers by enacting her descent to the Netherworld to save her beloved Tammuz. In this context, the problematic words refer to the erection of Ishtar's statue in some public place and its denuding by Allatu (the Sumero-Babylonian goddess Ereŝki-gal), assuming that = "the Allatu."
The Santa Cruz Eddy. Part I: Observations and Statistics
Authors: Archer Cristina L. , Jacobson Mark Z. , Ludwig Francis L. 
Published: April 2005

A shallow cyclonic circulation that occurs in the summertime over the Monterey Bay (California) is investigated. Since it is often centered offshore from the city of Santa Cruz and has never been studied in detail before, it is named the Santa Cruz eddy (SCE) in this study. Its horizontal size is 10–40 km, and its vertical extent is 100–500 m. The SCE is important for local weather because it causes surface winds along the Santa Cruz coast to blow from the east instead of from the northwest, the latter being the climatological summer pattern for this area. As a consequence of the eddy, cool and moist air is advected from the south and southeast into the Santa Cruz area, bringing both relief from the heat and fog to the city. The SCE is unique in its high frequency of occurrence. Most vortices along the western American coast form only during unusual weather events, whereas the SCE forms 78%–79% of the days during the summer. The SCE frequency was determined after analyzing two years of data with empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) from a limited observational network and satellite imagery. An explanation of the formation mechanism of the SCE will be provided in Part II of this study.
Response of SI cortex to ipsilateral, contralateral and bilateral flutter stimulation in the cat
Authors: Tommerdahl Mark , Simons Stephen B , Chiu Joannellyn S , Favorov Oleg , Whitsel Barry 
Published: April 2005

Abstract

Background
While SII cortex is considered to be the first cortical stage of the pathway that integrates tactile information arising from both sides of the body, SI cortex is generally not considered as a region in which neuronal response is modulated by simultaneous stimulation of bilateral (and mirror-image) skin sites.

Results
Optical intrinsic signal imaging was used to evaluate the response of SI and SII in the same hemisphere to 25 Hz sinusoidal vertical skin displacement stimulation ("skin flutter") applied contralaterally, ipsilaterally, and bilaterally (simultaneously) to the central pads of the forepaws. A localized increase in absorbance in both SI and SII occurred in response to both contralateral and bilateral flutter stimulation. Ipsilateral flutter stimulation evoked a localized increase in absorbance in SII, but little or no change in SI absorbance. In the forepaw representational region of SI, however, bilateral stimulation of the central pads evoked a response substantially smaller (approximately 30–35% smaller) than the response to flutter stimulation of the contralateral central pad.

Conclusion
The finding that the response of SI cortex to bilateral central pad flutter stimulation is substantially smaller than the response evoked by a contralateral flutter stimulus, together with the recently published observation that a region located posteriorly in SII responds with a substantially larger response to a bilateral flutter stimulus than the response evoked from the contralateral central pad, lead us to propose that the SI activity evoked by contralateral skin stimulation is suppressed/inhibited (via corticocortical connections between SII and SI in the same hemisphere) by the activity a simultaneous ipsilateral skin stimulus evokes in posterior SII.
Morphological and growth altering effects of Cisplatin in C. albicans using fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Kesavan Chandrasekhar , Raghunathan Malathi , Ganesan Natarajan 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
Changes in morphology and growth curve of Candida albicans in response to treatment by Cisplatin has been studied using fluorescence staining with ethidium bromide. Treatment with Cisplatin was found to markedly inhibit hyphae and ovoid growth as revealed by ethidium bromide staining of drug treated cells. These changes were concomitant with inhibitory effects on the growth curve with respect to untreated cells
Presence of Cisplatin not only caused suppression in the limiting values in the growth curve, but also caused a slight left shift in the EC50 values. Some of the ovoid cells undergoing poisoning with cisplatin were found to be unusually enlarged before undergoing their natural fate thus suggesting formation of similar cytotoxic end products with DNA.
Intracellular localization of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) virus glycoproteins
Authors: Haferkamp Sebastian , Fernando Lisa , Schwarz Tino F , Feldmann Heinz , Flick Ramon 
Published: April 2005

Abstract

Background
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever virus (CCHFV), a member of the genus Nairovirus, family Bunyaviridae, is a tick-borne pathogen causing severe disease in humans. To better understand the CCHFV life cycle and explore potential intervention strategies, we studied the biosynthesis and intracellular targeting of the glycoproteins, which are encoded by the M genome segment.

Results
Following determination of the complete genome sequence of the CCHFV reference strain IbAr10200, we generated expression plasmids for the individual expression of the glycoproteins GN and GC, using CMV- and chicken β-actin-driven promoters. The cellular localization of recombinantly expressed CCHFV glycoproteins was compared to authentic glycoproteins expressed during virus infection using indirect immunofluorescence assays, subcellular fractionation/western blot assays and confocal microscopy. To further elucidate potential intracellular targeting/retention signals of the two glycoproteins, GFP-fusion proteins containing different parts of the CCHFV glycoprotein were analyzed for their intracellular targeting. The N-terminal glycoprotein GN localized to the Golgi complex, a process mediated by retention/targeting signal(s) in the cytoplasmic domain and ectodomain of this protein. In contrast, the C-terminal glycoprotein GC remained in the endoplasmic reticulum but could be rescued into the Golgi complex by co-expression of GN.

Conclusion
The data are consistent with the intracellular targeting of most bunyavirus glycoproteins and support the general model for assembly and budding of bunyavirus particles in the Golgi compartment.
Influence of residual blood autotransfused from cardiopulmonary bypass circuit on clinical outcome after cardiac surgery
Authors: Sirvinskas Edmundas , Lenkutis Tadas , Raliene Laima , Veikutiene Audrone , Vaskelyte Jolanta , Marchertiene Irena 
Published: April 2005

Autotransfusion of the residual blood from the cardio-pulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit is considered to be one of the methods enabling reduction in the need for transfusion, the possible adverse effects of which are well known and documented. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the autologous autotrans-fusion of centrifuged red blood cells from the residual blood of the CPB circuit in patients following heart surgery. Three groups of patients who underwent heart surgery were examined. The first group (Group 1) consisted of 37 patients who received all of the residual blood in the bypass circuit after CPB (collected into sterile plastic bags) during the early postoperative period. The second group (Group 2) consisted of 45 patients who did not receive the residual blood following CPB. The third group (Group 3) consisted of 42 patients who underwent re-infusion of centrifuged red blood cells from the residual blood remaining in the CPB circuit during the early postoperative period. Hematocrit (Hct) values 12 hours after the operation were found to be higher in Group 3 compared with those of the first and the second groups (by 13.2% and 11.1%, respectively). Blood loss during the first 12 hours after the operation and during the time spent in the intensive care unit did not differ between the groups. The number of transfusions was significantly lower in Group 3 (28.57%) in comparison with that of Groups 1 and 2 (37.83% and 38.10%, respectively). The rate of infective complications in Group 3 was lower in comparison with both Group 1 and Group 2 (9.2% and 18.1%, respectively). The duration of in-hospital stay in Group 3 was 25.8% shorter than Group 1. We conclude that autotransfusion of centrifuged red blood cells processed from the residual blood of the CPB circuit after CPB was effective in increasing Hct values 12 hours postoperatively, reducing the need for donor blood product transfusions, the rate of infective complications and lenght of stay in hospital.
Endoscopic Transnasal Approach to the Cavernous Sinus versus Transcranial Route: Anatomic Study
Authors: Cavallo Luigi Maria , Cappabianca Paolo , Galzio Renato , Iaconetta Giorgio , de Divitiis Enrico , Tschabitscher Manfred 
Published: April 2005

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:
The aim of the present study was to compare the anatomy of the cavernous sinus via an endoscopic transnasal route with the anatomy of the same region explored by the transcranial route. The purpose was to identify and correlate the corresponding anatomic landmarks both through the endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal and the microscopic transcranial views.

METHODS:
Five fresh injected heads (10 specimens) were dissected by the endoscopic transnasal and microsurgical transcranial approaches. A comparison of different microsurgical corridors of the cavernous sinus with the corresponding endoscopic transnasal ones was performed.

RESULTS:
Through the endoscopic transnasal approach, it is possible to explore only some of the parasellar and middle cranial fossa subregions. Because of the complex multilevel architecture of the cavernous sinus, there is not always a correspondence between the surgical corridors bounded through the transcranial route and those exposed through the endoscopic transnasal approach. Nevertheless, some surgical corridors specific to the endoscopic transnasal route are evident: a C-shaped corridor is identifiable medial to the “intracavernous” internal carotid artery, whereas a wider triangular area is delineable lateral to the internal carotid artery; inside the latter, three more surgical corridors (a superior triangular space, a superior quadrangular space, and an inferior quadrangular space) can be described.

CONCLUSION:
Different surgical corridors can be defined during the endoscopic transnasal approach to the anteroinferior portion of the cavernous sinus, as already established for the transcranial route as well. Knowledge of these could be useful in decreasing morbidity and mortality during surgery in this region, these approaches being reserved to experienced transsphenoidal surgeons only.