bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potato virus Y viral protein 6K1 inhibits the interaction between defense proteins during virus infection
Authors: Fang Le , Geng Chao , Wei Xin-Yu , Dong Chen-Chen , Pang Ju-Ping , Yan Zhi-Yong , Jiang Jun , Tian Yan-Ping , Li Xiang-Dong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
14-3-3 proteins play vital roles in plant defense against various pathogen invasions. To date, how 14-3-3 affects virus infections in plants remains largely unclear. In this study, we found that Nicotiana benthamiana 14-3-3h interacts with TRANSLATIONALLY CONTROLLED TUMOR PROTEIN (TCTP), a susceptibility factor of potato virus Y (PVY). Silencing of Nb14-3-3h facilitates PVY accumulation, whereas overexpression of Nb14-3-3h inhibits PVY replication. The antiviral activities of 3 Nb14-3-3h dimerization defective mutants are significantly decreased, indicating that dimerization of Nb14-3-3h is indispensable for restricting PVY infection. Our results also showed that the mutant Nb14-3-3hE16A, which is capable of dimerizing but not interacting with NbTCTP, has reduced anti-PVY activity; the mutant NbTCTPI65A, which is unable to interact with Nb14-3-3h, facilitates PVY replication compared with the wild-type NbTCTP, indicating that dimeric Nb14-3-3h restricts PVY infection by interacting with NbTCTP and preventing its proviral function. As a counter-defense, PVY 6K1 interferes with the interaction between Nb14-3-3h and NbTCTP by competitively binding to Nb14-3-3h and rescues NbTCTP to promote PVY infection. Our results provide insights into the arms race between plants and potyviruses.
LHT1/MAC7 contributes to proper alternative splicing under long-term heat stress and mediates variation in the heat tolerance of Arabidopsis
Authors: Isono Kazuho , Nakamura Kotaro , Hanada Kousuke , Shirai Kazumasa , Ueki Mao , Tanaka Keisuke , Tsuchimatsu Takashi , Iuchi Satoshi , Kobayashi Masatomo , Yotsui Izumi , Sakata Yoichi , Taji Teruaki 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Natural genetic variation has facilitated the identification of genes underlying complex traits such as stress tolerances. We here evaluated the long-term (L-) heat tolerance (37°C for 5 days) of 174 Arabidopsis thaliana accessions and short-term (S-) heat tolerance (42°C, 50 min) of 88 accessions and found extensive variation, respectively. Interestingly, L-heat–tolerant accessions are not necessarily S-heat tolerant, suggesting that the tolerance mechanisms are different. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the variation, we performed a chromosomal mapping using the F2 progeny of a cross between Ms-0 (a hypersensitive accession) and Col-0 (a tolerant accession) and found a single locus responsible for the difference in L-heat tolerance between them, which we named Long-term Heat Tolerance 1 (LHT1). LHT1 is identical to MAC7, which encodes a putative RNA helicase involved in mRNA splicing as a component of the MOS4 complex. We found one amino acid deletion in LHT1 of Ms-0 that causes a loss of function. Arabidopsis mutants of other core components of the MOS4 complex—mos4-2, cdc5-1, mac3a mac3b, and prl1 prl2—also showed hypersensitivity to L-heat stress, suggesting that the MOS4 complex plays an important role in L-heat stress responses. L-heat stress induced mRNA processing–related genes and compromised alternative splicing. Loss of LHT1 function caused genome-wide detrimental splicing events, which are thought to produce nonfunctional mRNAs that include retained introns under L-heat stress. These findings suggest that maintaining proper alternative splicing under L-heat stress is important in the heat tolerance of A. thaliana.
Effect of covariate shift on multi-class classification of Fermi-LAT sources
Authors: Malyshev Dmitry V 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Probabilistic classification of unassociated Fermi-LAT sources using machine learning methods has an implicit assumption that the distributions of associated and unassociated sources are the same as a function of source parameters, which is not the case for the Fermi-LAT catalogues. The problem of different distributions of training and testing (or target) data sets as a function of input features (covariates) is known as the covariate shift. In this paper, we, for the first time, quantitatively estimate the effect of the covariate shift on the multi-class classification of Fermi-LAT sources. We introduce sample weights proportional to the ratio of unassociated to associated source probability density functions so that associated sources in areas, which are densely populated with unassociated sources, have more weight than the sources in areas with few unassociated sources. We find that the covariate shift has relatively little effect on the predicted probabilities, i.e. the training can be performed either with weighted or with unweighted samples, which is generally expected for the covariate shift problems. The main effect of the covariate shift is on the estimated performance of the classification. Depending on the class, the covariate shift can lead up to 10–20 per cent reduction in precision and recall compared with the estimates, where the covariate shift is not taken into account.
Von Willebrand factor antigen as a marker of disease activity in childhood-onset antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitis
Authors: Go Ellen , Aeschlimann Florence A , Lu Hua , Larry Jenna R , Hebert Diane , Yeung Rae S M , Noone Damien 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective
Von Willebrand factor (VWF) antigen plays a role in vascular inflammation and thrombosis, both of which are important in the pathogenesis of ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV). Previous work found that VWF correlates with disease activity in childhood-onset primary CNS vasculitis. We sought to determine the relationship between VWF and disease activity over time in children with AAV.

Methods
AAV patients with more than one VWF level measured were included in this retrospective study, and the relationships between active vasculitis, VWF and other disease measures were analysed. Generalized estimating equations analysis was used to account for repeated VWF measurements within a patient. Repeated measures correlation was used to determine associations of paired laboratory observations. Diagnostic performance was evaluated using receiver operating curve analysis.

Results
A total of 732 total VWF measurements were collected in 33 AAV patients. VWF antigen levels were higher during active disease [median 2.03 IU/ml, interquartile range (IQR) 1.35, 2.55] compared with inactive disease (median 1.18 IU/ml, IQR 0.94, 1.53). VWF antigen was the only variable that was significantly associated with active disease (odds ratio 3.01, P &lt; 0.001, 95% CI 2.3, 3.93). The effect of VWF did not show a substantial difference between the disease subtypes. There was a moderate positive correlation between VWF antigen and disease activity, with an acceptable sensitivity and specificity rates.

Conclusion
Increased VWF antigen levels correlate with active vasculitis in this paediatric-onset AAV cohort and may be used as an additional biomarker in childhood AAV.
Consent for Research Involving Spanish- and English-Speaking Latinx Adults With Schizophrenia
Authors: Barrio Concepción , Fuentes Dahlia , Tibiriçá Lize , Hernandez Mercedes , Helu-Brown Paula , Golshan Shahrokh , Palmer Barton W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Latinxs are vastly underrepresented in mental health research; one of many contributing factors may be complexities in the research consent process, including language preferences. We examined determinants of comprehension of research consent procedures and tested the effects of a preconsent research schema condition among 180 adults with schizophrenia (60 Latinx-English and 60 Latinx-Spanish preference, and 60 non-Latinx White).

Study Design
Participants were randomly assigned (equal allocation) to an educational session regarding clinical research concepts and processes (schema condition) or to an attention control. Following a subsequent simulated consent procedure for a hypothetical drug trail, comprehension of consent disclosures was measured with 2 standard measures.

Study Results
One-way ANOVAs showed significant medium effect size differences between ethnicity/language groups on both measures of comprehension (η2s = 0.066–0.070). The Latinx-Spanish group showed lower comprehension than non-Latinx White participants; differences between the 2 Latinx groups did not reach statistical significance. Group differences were not statistically significant after adjusting for differences in education, or on scores from structured measures of acculturation, health literacy, or research literacy. Two-way ANOVAs showed no significant main effects for consent procedure on either comprehension measure (Ps &gt; .369; partial η2s &lt; 0.006) and no significant group-by-consent interactions (Ps &gt; .554; partial η2s &lt; 0.008).

Conclusions
Although the preconsent procedure was not effective, the results suggest health and research literacy may be targets for reducing disparities in consent comprehension. The onus is on researchers to improve communication of consent information as an important step to addressing health care disparities.
The Association of Antipsychotic Postponement With 5-Year Outcomes of Adolescent First-Episode Psychosis
Authors: Bergström Tomi , Gauffin Tapio 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Based on the need-adapted approach, delaying antipsychotics could help identify first-episode psychosis (FEP) adolescents who might not require them. However, some individuals might need antipsychotics, and postponing could harm their prognosis. This nationwide register-based follow-up aimed to test these two hypotheses.

Study Design
All adolescents aged 13–20 with a psychotic disorder (ICD-10 codes: F20–F29) in Finland between 2003 and 2013 were identified (n = 6354) from national registers. For each case, a fixed 1825-day follow-up period was established from the onset of psychosis or until death. The outcome was considered “good” if adolescents did not die and had not received psychiatric treatment and/or disability allowances during the final year of follow-up. Testing the first hypothesis involved all antipsychotic treatment-naïve adolescents with FEP (n = 3714). The second hypothesis was tested with a sub-sample of only those who had received antipsychotics during follow-up (n = 3258). To account for baseline confounders, hypotheses were tested via a stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighted generalized linear models with logit link function.

Study Results
Immediate antipsychotic treatment after the onset of psychosis was associated with poor 5-year outcome (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.6–2.1). There was no statistically significant association between antipsychotic postponement and treatment outcome in those who eventually received antipsychotic treatment (aOR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.7–1.2, P: .8), thus not providing support for second hypothesis.

Conclusions
There is a significant subgroup of adolescent with psychosis who do not require immediate antipsychotic treatment. A more robust design is needed to evaluate the causality of the observed association.
Business power, right-wing populism, and noisy politics: lessons from Brexit and Swiss referendums
Authors: Kinderman Daniel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This article contributes to debates on business power, noisy politics, and right-wing populism. The populist right weakens strategies of quiet politics, which many suggest has led to a steep decline of business power. I challenge this view and argue that a combination of innovative strategies and ample financial resources allow business associations to exercise power in this environment. Drawing on new empirical evidence, the article makes three central contributions. First, I suggest that the failure of Remain business advocacy in the 2016 Brexit referendum resulted from the constraints of administrative legislation (the PPERA), weaknesses in campaigning strategies, and the CBI leadership’s decision to not register as a campaign organization. Second, while my regression analysis provides some support for Culpepper’s quiet politics argument, the Swiss business federation Economiesuisse has won 90% of the referendum campaigns it has led, including many referendums with high issue salience against right-wing populists. Third, Economiesuisse shows that business strategies of ‘loud voice’ can be successful. With money and innovative public-facing campaigning strategies, business organizations can win in noisy environments and against right-wing populists.
CC14 guidance update: greener investments, greater uncertainty?
Authors: Brown Lloyd 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This article examines the newly released Charity Commission guidance, known simply as the “CC14”. The CC14 provides investment guidance to the charity sector and has recently been renewed following the case of Butler-Sloss & Ors v The Charity Commission for England and Wales & Anor [2022] EWHC 974 (Ch). In Butler-Sloss, the High Court was asked to determine whether charitable trustees could deploy an investment plan that aligned with the Paris Agreement and excluded investments that contributed to climate change. Mr Michael Green J ruled that such an “ethical” investment plan was lawful. Following Butler-Sloss, the CC14’s use of “social investment” may indeed encourage “greener” investment opportunities amongst charitable trustees, in that the advice attempts to bring charitable trustee investment more in line with modern investment practices. However, this work opines that the guidance could be actively encouraging environmentally inspired investments at the expense of the sacrosanct fiduciary duty of investment.
What is a ‘strong’ synapomorphy? Redescriptions of Murray’s type species and descriptions of new taxa challenge the systematics of Hypsibiidae (Eutardigrada: Parachela)
Authors: Gąsiorek Piotr , Blagden Brian , Morek Witold , Michalczyk Łukasz 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Hypsibiidae are the most species-rich group within the Hypsibioidea, and three (Diphasconinae, Itaquasconinae, and Pilatobiinae) of its four subfamilies are characterized by a division of the foregut into a rigid buccal and a flexible pharyngeal tube. The aim of this work is to provide a comprehensive background for sound taxonomic studies on several hypsibiid lineages. We redescribe the type species for the genera Adropion, Guidettion, and Platicrista, and provide diagnostic keys for several genera. We also demonstrate that the presence of an apodeme at the border of the buccal and pharyngeal tube is not a discriminative criterion separating Diphasconinae from Itaquasconinae and that the apodeme does not have a uniform morphology among Hypsibiidae. Itaquascon serratulumsp. nov. (Uganda) is the first integratively described species in the genus. Furthermore, new species of Platicrista are described: Platicrista borneensissp. nov. (Malaysia), Platicrista carpathicasp. nov. (Poland), and Platicrista niveasp. nov. (Taiwan). Moreover, Raribius minutissimussp. nov. (Scotland) is described from leaf litter. Finally, Pilatobius is divided into four morphogroups by cuticular sculpturing and dorsal gibbosities, which serve as decisive criteria; two received phylogenetic support and are erected as Degmiongen. nov. (the oculatus group) and Fontouriongen. nov. (the recamieri group).
Identifying Patient Characteristics Associated With Opioid Use to Inform Surgical Pain Management
Authors: Agarwal Anish K. , Xiong Ruiying , Ebert Jeffrey , Shofer Fran , Spencer Evan , Lee Daniel , Ali Zarina , Delgado M. Kit 
Published: November 2023

Objective:
Balancing surgical pain management and opioid stewardship is complex. Identifying patient-level variables associated with low or no use can inform tailored prescribing.

Methods:
A prospective, observational study investigating surgical procedures, prescription data, and patient-reported outcomes at an academic health system in Pennsylvania. Surgical patients were consented following surgery, and prospective data were captured using automated text messaging (May 1, 2021–February 29, 2022). The primary outcome was opioid use.

Results:
Three thousand six hundred three (30.2%) patients consented. Variation in patient reported used included 28.1% of men reported zero use versus 24.3% of women, 20.5% of Black patients reported zero use versus 27.2% of white patients. Opioid-naïve patients reported more zero use as compared with chronic use (29.7% vs 9.8%). Patients reporting higher use had more telephone calls and office visits within 30 days but no change in emergency department utilization or admissions. Higher discharge pain score was associated with higher use. In the adjusted analysis of opioid use relative to the guideline, higher use was associated with age, male sex, obesity, discharge pain score, and history of mental health disorder. In the adjusted model, younger age and being opioid naïve were associated with low to zero use across procedures.

Conclusions:
Younger age, being opioid-naïve, and lower discharge pain score are associated with low or no postoperative opioid use. These characteristics can be used by clinicians to help tailor opioid prescribing to specific patients to reduce the risk of prolonged exposure and unused tablets in the community.
Cannabis Use Disorder Trends and Health Care Utilization Following Cervical and Lumbar Spine Fusions
Authors: Dietz Nicholas , Alkin Victoria , Agarwal Nitin , Sharma Mayur , Oxford Brent Garrison , Wang Dengzhi , Ugiliweneza Beatrice , Mettille Jersey , Boakye Maxwell , Drazin Doniel 
Published: November 2023

Study Design.
Retrospective cohort

Objective.
To identify differences in complication rates following cervical and lumbar fusion over the first postoperative year between those with and without cannabis use disorder (CUD) and to assess how CUD affects opioid prescription patterns.

Summary of Background Data.
Cannabis is legal for medical purposes in 36 states and recreational use in 18 states. Cannabis has multisystem effects and may contribute to transient vasoconstrictive, pro-thrombotic, and inflammatory effects.

Methods.
The IBM MarketScan Database (2009-2019) was used to identify patients who underwent cervical or lumbar fusions, with or without CUD. Exact match hospitalization and post-discharge outcomes were analyzed at index, 6-, and 12-months.

Results.
Of 72,024 cervical fusion (2.0% with CUD) and 105,612 lumbar fusion patients (1.5% with CUD), individuals with CUD were more likely to be young males with higher Elixhauser index. The cervical CUD group had increased neurological complications (3% vs 2%) and sepsis (1% vs 0%) during index hospitalization, and neurological (7% vs 5%) and wound complications (5% vs 3%) at 12-months. The lumbar CUD group had increased wound (8% vs 5%) and MI (2% vs 1%) complications at 6-months and at 12-months. For those with cervical myelopathy, increased risk of pulmonary complications were observed with CUD at index hospitalization and 12 month follow up. For those with lumbar stenosis, cardiac complications and MI were associated with CUD at index hospitalization and 12 months. CUD was associated with opiate use disorder, decreasing postoperatively.

Conclusion.
No differences in reoperation rates were observed for CUD groups undergoing cervical or lumbar fusion. CUD was associated with increased risk of stroke for the cervical fusion cohort, and cardiac (including MI) and pulmonary complications for lumbar fusion at index hospitalization, and 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Opiate use disorder and decreased opiate dependence following surgery also correlated with CUD.
Assessment of the Readability of the Online Patient Education Materials of Intensive and Critical Care Societies
Authors: Hanci Volkan , Otlu Büşra , Biyikoğlu Ali Salih 
Published: November 2023

OBJECTIVES:
This study aimed to evaluate the readability of patient education materials (PEMs) on websites of intensive and critical care societies.

DATA SOURCES:
Websites of intensive and critical care societies, which are members of The World Federation of Intensive and Critical Care and The European Society of Intensive Care Medicine.

SETTING:
Cross-sectional observational, internet-based, website, PEMs, readability study.

STUDY SELECTION:
The readability of the PEMs available on societies’ sites was evaluated.

DATA EXTRACTION:
The readability formulas used were the Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES), Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG), and Gunning Fog (GFOG).

DATA SYNTHESIS:
One hundred twenty-seven PEM from 11 different societies were included in our study. In the readability analysis of PEM, the FRES was 58.10 (48.85–63.77) (difficult), the mean FKGL and SMOG were 10.19 (8.93–11.72) and 11.10 (10.11–11.87) years, respectively, and the mean GFOG score was 12.73 (11.37–14.15) (very difficult). All readability formula results were significantly higher than the recommended sixth-grade level (p < 0.001). All PEMs were above the sixth-grade level when the societies were evaluated individually according to all readability results (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:
Compared with the sixth-grade level recommended by the American Medical Association and the National Institutes of Health, the readability of PEMs in intensive and critical care societies is relatively high. PEMs in intensive and critical care societies should be prepared with attention to recommendations on readability.
Plasma Exchange in Patients With Myositis due to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy
Authors: Katyal Nakul , Katsumoto Tamiko R. , Ramachandran Kavitha J. , Yunce Muharrem , Muppidi Srikanth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors used to treat malignancies may lead to various immune-related adverse events (irAEs) including conditions such as myositis and myasthenia gravis (MG). Here, we describe 2 cases of myositis treated effectively with therapeutic plasma exchange (PLEX). A 64-year-old man with thymic cancer developed leg weakness and dyspnea 1 month after the second dose of nivolumab with moderate weakness in proximal and distal muscles, with elevated creatine kinase levels. Another 77-year-old man with Stage IIIB squamous cell carcinoma of the lung developed progressive proximal muscle weakness and became nonambulatory after cycle 2 of durvalumab with persistently high creatine kinase levels despite prednisone treatment. Electrophysiology revealed irritative myopathy without evidence of neuromuscular junction dysfunction and MG antibody testing was nonrevealing. With PLEX, both patients noticed rapid improvement in strength. PLEX in conjunction with other immunosuppressive agents can result in rapid improvement in irAE-myositis even in patients without associated MG.
Pregnancy in Seronegative Myasthenia Gravis: A Single-Center Case Series
Authors: Harada Yohei , Bettin Margaret , Juel Vern C. , Massey Janice M. , Sanders Donald B. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
The course of double-seronegative myasthenia gravis (DSNMG) during and after pregnancy has not been well described.

Objective:
To assess the course of DSNMG during pregnancy and within 6 months postpartum.

Methods:
A retrospective cohort study of women with DSNMG seen in the Duke Myasthenia gravis (MG) Clinic after 2003.

Results:
Review of the Duke MG Clinic Registry and electronic medical record identified 8 patients who became pregnant after MG onset; the mean age at disease onset was 17.6 (SD = 10.0) years. Increased MG symptoms were observed in the first and third trimester and, most commonly, postpartum in 6 of 18 pregnancies. Except for 1 infant who developed respiratory distress that required neonatal intensive care admission, all the newborns were healthy at birth.

Conclusions:
As in seropositive MG, increased MG symptoms during pregnancy and within 6 months postpartum is also seen in women with DSNMG.