bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Architecture of the subthalamic nucleus
Authors: Prasad Asheeta A. , Wallén-Mackenzie Åsa 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a major neuromodulation target for the alleviation of neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms using deep brain stimulation (DBS). STN-DBS is today applied as treatment in Parkinson´s disease, dystonia, essential tremor, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). STN-DBS also shows promise as a treatment for refractory Tourette syndrome. However, the internal organization of the STN has remained elusive and challenges researchers and clinicians: How can this small brain structure engage in the multitude of functions that renders it a key hub for therapeutic intervention of a variety of brain disorders ranging from motor to affective to cognitive? Based on recent gene expression studies of the STN, a comprehensive view of the anatomical and cellular organization, including revelations of spatio-molecular heterogeneity, is now possible to outline. In this review, we focus attention to the neurobiological architecture of the STN with specific emphasis on molecular patterns discovered within this complex brain area. Studies from human, non-human primate, and rodent brains now reveal anatomically defined distribution of specific molecular markers. Together their spatial patterns indicate a heterogeneous molecular architecture within the STN. Considering the translational capacity of targeting the STN in severe brain disorders, the addition of molecular profiling of the STN will allow for advancement in precision of clinical STN-based interventions.
A conformational selection mechanism of flavivirus NS5 for species-specific STAT2 inhibition
Authors: Biswal Mahamaya , Yao Wangyuan , Lu Jiuwei , Chen Jianbin , Morrison Juliet , Hai Rong , Song Jikui 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFlaviviruses, including Zika virus (ZIKV) and Dengue virus (DENV), rely on their non-structural protein 5 (NS5) for both replication of viral genome and suppression of host IFN signaling. DENV and ZIKV NS5s were shown to facilitate proteosome-mediated protein degradation of human STAT2 (hSTAT2). However, how flavivirus NS5s have evolved for species-specific IFN-suppression remains unclear. Here we report structure-function characterization of the DENV serotype 2 (DENV2) NS5−hSTAT2 complex. The MTase and RdRP domains of DENV2 NS5 form an extended conformation to interact with the coiled-coil and N-terminal domains of hSTAT2, thereby promoting hSTAT2 degradation in cells. Disruption of the extended conformation of DENV2/ZIKV NS5, but not the alternative compact state, impaired their hSTAT2 binding. Our comparative structural analysis of flavivirus NS5s further reveals a conserved protein-interaction platform with subtle amino-acid variations likely underpinning diverse IFN-suppression mechanisms. Together, this study uncovers a conformational selection mechanism underlying species-specific hSTAT2 inhibition by flavivirus NS5.
Disorder scattering in classical flat channel transport of particles between twisted magnetic square patterns
Authors: Rossi Anna M. E. B. , Ernst Adrian , Dörfler Magdalena , Fischer Thomas M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe measure the trajectories of macroscopic magnetic particles pulled against gravity between twisted alternating magnetic square patterns in a superposed homogeneous magnetic field normal to both patterns. The two patterns are built from a set of magentic cubes having a distribution of magnetization. The magnetic potential between the patterns is a sum of three contributions: two being periodic on two lattices with different magnitude and orientation, and the third random contribution arising from the distribution of magnetization of the cubes. As one varies the twist angle between the two patterns each time the twist angle coincides with a magic twist angle one of the two periodic lattices becomes a sublattice of the other lattice. Simulations of particles moving through patterns with a precise cube magnetization produce pronounced mobility peaks near magic twist angles that are associated with flat channels. Weak random fluctuations of the cube magnetization in the experiment and the simulations cause enhanced random disorder of the potential and reduce the mobility by scattering particles into the interior of the twisted Wigner Seitz cells. The mobility undergoes an Anderson transition from magic to generic behavior as the magnetization disorder increases beyond half of a percent of the cube magnetization.
Tools available for methane recovery from mines belonging to C.E.H. Petroşani
Authors: Chiuzan Emeric , Matei Adrian 
Published: January 2024

Mine gas is present both in coals and in the surrounding rocks and basically consists of methane (some-times almost 100%) mixed with carbon dioxide (up to 5%) with nitrogen (a few percent) and traces of carbon monoxide. The genesis of mine gas can be related to the biochemical transformation of vegetation during the carbonization process.
The degassing of coal bed has been established as an active method of reducing methane emissions due to the need to ensure the exploitation of the bed with high productivity and in safe conditions.
The methane gas existing in the coal bed is captured through various types of drilling executed for this purpose, being directed through a system of pipes to the surface to the central degassing station from where it can be taken and directed for use for a specific purpose.
From an economic point of view, it has been proven that methane recovery from coal mines is again a profitable activity for both the mining company and a possible investor. The volume of methane from the coal deposits in Jiu Valley is very large and can provide large quantities for the recovery of this gas. At the same time, there was already a market for this product in Jiu Valley made up of industrial and individual consumers.
Fire and Explosion Hazard Aspects for Bucket Elevators
Authors: Popa Cătălin Mihai , Gabor Dan Sorin , Tăzlăuanu Anca Alexandra 
Published: January 2024

Technological installations for the vertical transport of cereal products, are affected by the presence of combustible dusts that can be mixed with air, in suspension, or in the form of dust layers of different thicknesses. The presence of these combustible dusts is a constant danger of fires or even explosions.
In combustible dusts are swirled in the air in concentrations in their explosive range and there is also an ignition source, the dusts can burn quickly and even give rise to explosions, in which case the force and pressure developed is considerable.
Since, in most cases, following a fire and especially a combustible dust explosion, the damage caused is quantified by immeasurable material damage and even by recording human losses, special attention must be paid to how they are identified and implemented protection and prevention measures to prevent fires and combustible dust explosions.
In this paper, the principles and main factors that must be considered when quantifying the risk of fire and/or explosion for a bucket elevator used for the vertical transport of cereal products are highlighted. A number of recommendations for the safe use of these lifts are also presented.
The risk of explosion during the transport and storage of liquid fuels
Authors: Paraian Mihaela , Radu Ancuta Mirela 
Published: January 2024

When transporting and storing liquid fuels, explosive atmospheres can form which, under certain conditions, can be initiated with different sources, of which static electricity has proven to be the source of ignition in many cases of fires and explosions that have occurred.
As a result of the environmental regulatory requirements to reduce the noxes emitted by diesel engines, the oil industry introduced into production fuels with ultra-low sulfur content (ULSD Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel), clean burning diesel, and low sulfur content (LSD Low Sulfur Diesel). The new types of fuels present a greater risk of explosion than fuels with a high sulfur content because they have other explosive characteristics and are electrostatically charged much more easily.
The paper presents some aspects regarding the risk of explosions during the transport and storage of liquid fuels with the highlighting of additional risks in the case of ULSD
Also, the paper highlights the factors that must be taken into account when establishing the technical and organizational measures that must be taken to prevent ignition and that must be implemented in the work procedures of manufacturers, suppliers, transporters and users of ULSD.
The Importance of using the High Voltage Pulse Generator in the Certification Process of Electric Motors with the type of Protection Increased Safety used in Potentially Explosive Atmosphere
Authors: Fotău Dragoş , Sălășan Diana , Păsculescu Dragoș , Lazăr Teodora 
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this paper is to present the importance of the specific tests for electric motors with type of protection increased safety „e” designed to be used in explosive atmosphere.
This paper presents the voltage impulse ignition test applicable to electric motors with increased safety protection type.
Due to the fact that electric motors with type of protection Increased Safety, whose supply voltage exceeds 1000 V, presents a high risk of sparks occurring in windings, it is necessary to perform tests to verify that the insulation of the windings is adequate and does not lead to electric discharge (through electric springs or sparks) at winding levels
Evaluation of explosion-proof protected electrical equipment in scope of certification is extremely important considering the risk of explosion that has to be minimized in order to ensure life safety and health of workers and to prevent damaging of property and the environment, as well as free movement of goods when they meet the essential safety requirements at European level.
The standard SR EN 60079-0 (Explosive atmospheres Part 0: General requirements) and one or more of the standards containing the specific requirements for the type(s) of protection applied to equipment (ex. SR EN 60079-7 for the type of protection increased safety “e”), are used to perform the assessment.
Ignition risk assessment to the non-electrical equipment from hydrogen production, storage, transport and use facilities
Authors: Jurca Adrian Marius , Păun Florin Adrian , Popa Mihai Cătălin 
Published: January 2024

The goal of integrated explosion safety is a concept that was developed to prevent the formation of explosive atmospheres as well as sources of ignition and, in the event that an explosion does take place, to immediately stop to it and/or to limit the damage it causes. Ignition of explosive atmospheres by non-electrical equipment occurs when energy supplied by equipment used for processing or conveying of material is converted into heat, usually as the result of a mechanical failure of the equipment or associated systems.
In light of this fact, the manufacturer has a responsibility to take precautions with regard to the potential ignition sources. In addition, the non-electrical equipment must be designed and manufactured after a thorough analysis of the possible operating faults. This is done in order to prevent potentially dangerous situations as much as possible by taking into account any misuse that can be anticipated in a reasonable manner.
The most important aspect of the ignition hazard assessment for the non-electrical equipment is the identification of the probable ignition sources. The paper shows the methodology of the ignition hazard assessment for the non-electrical equipment intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres.
Combating the effects of methane accumulations and reducing the impact on the environment
Authors: Ianc Nicolae , Tomescu Cristian 
Published: January 2024

Methane gas accompanies all coal deposits. Methane gas was formed over the years through the process of anaerobic transformation of plant material, at very high temperatures and pressures without the supply of oxygen.
The extractive industry is characterized by specific working conditions imposed by the natural peculiarities as well as by the character of the production process. The ventilation of mining operations is carried out mechanically, by upward air currents, under the depression created by fans mounted at of the shafts.
With the expansion of mining operations horizontally and their descent vertically, the regime of gas releases increased and the methods of combating methane solely by the ventilation system became difficult. Capturing and draining methane on the surface using central degassing stations has proven to be an effective means of combating gases.
Methane released into the atmosphere has a double ecological impact, it participates in the destruction of the ozone layer and accentuates the greenhouse effect.
Enhancing solar cell efficiency: Investigation of high-performance lead-based perovskite-on-silicon (PVK–Si) tandem solar cells through design and numerical analysis
Authors: Mondol Nibir , Islam Kazi Siamul , Islam Md Rafiqul , Das Sajal K. 
Published: January 2024

Perovskite solar cells have pulled off a level of conversion efficiency comparable to other well-established photovoltaics, such as silicon and cadmium telluride. Organic–inorganic halide perovskite materials are one of the most appealing and imminent options for developing high performance and cost-effective photovoltaic cells. In this simulation-based research, a highly efficient 2-terminal perovskite-on-silicon (PVK–Si) tandem configuration has been proposed with improved stability and significant cost savings. Initially, the MAPbI3 based perovskite top cell with 1.57 eV bandgap is tested with several distinct hole transport materials (HTMs) and electron transport materials (ETMs), four each. Spiro-OMeTAD as HTM and C60 as ETM are the best performing materials and employed in final top cell configuration to have a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.05%. The systems for tandem configuration are experimented after setting the layers of individual top and bottom sub-cells to optimized thicknesses. The thicknesses of both top and bottom absorber layer are adjusted to find out the current matching point. The tandem configuration exhibits optimized thicknesses of 250 nm and 150 µm for top and bottom sub-cells, respectively. Performance evaluation of the top cell involves standard AM 1.5G solar spectrum illumination at a 250 nm absorber thickness, while the bottom cell’s performance is assessed using top cell filtered spectrum. The simulated tandem configuration composed of IZO/C60/MAPbI3/spiro-OMeTAD/n-nc-SiOx/n-c-Si/P+ Si showed a champion PCE of 35.31% with a fill factor of 79.46% and open-circuit voltage of 2.12 V. These findings signify substantial advancements in the field of PVK-Si tandem photovoltaic cells, marking a significant stride toward potential commercial applications.
A Permutation Entropy analysis to determine significant daily intervals to improve risk stratification tasks from COVID patients
Authors: Valdez Zayd Isaac , Díaz Luz Alexandra , Vizcardo Cornejo Miguel , Ravelo-García Antonio G 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection has a wide range of clinical manifestations making its diagnosis difficult, which is an important problem to solve. We evaluated heart rate data extracted from the Stanford University database. The data set considers heart rate and step records of 118 patients, where 90 correspond to healthy individuals and 28 patients with COVID. Each daily record was divided into 5-minute segments, providing 288 data per patient. The date of symptom onset was considered as a reference point to extract subsets of data whose variability was considerable, such as 30 days before the date and 30 days after it. Each of the 60 segments of 288 data per patient was treated using Permutation Entropy, Approximate Entropy, Spectral Entropy and Singular Value Decomposition Entropy. The average of the data from each group was used to construct the circadian profiles which were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test, determining the most relevant 5-minute segments, whose p-value was less than 0.05. In this way, the Spectral Entropy was discarded as it did not show any significantly different segment. The efficiency of the method was reflected in the performance of a logistic model for binary classification proposed in this work, which reflected an accuracy of 94.12% in the PE case, 88% in the ApEn case and 94% in the SVDE case. The proposed analysis turns out to be highly efficient when detecting significant segments that allow improving the classification tasks carried out by Machine Learning models, which provides a basis for the study of statistics such as entropy to delimit databases and improve the performance of classifier models.
Adenanthos species (Proteaceae) in phosphorus-impoverished environments use a variety of phosphorus-acquisition strategies and achieve high-phosphorus-use efficiency
Authors: Shen Qi , Ranathunge Kosala , Lambers Hans , Finnegan Patrick M 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Soils in south-western Australia are severely phosphorus (P) impoverished, and plants in this region have evolved a variety of P-acquisition strategies. Phosphorus acquisition by Adenanthos cygnorum (Proteaceae) is facilitated by P-mobilizing neighbours which allows it to extend its range of habitats. However, we do not know if other Adenanthos species also exhibit a strategy based on facilitation for P acquisition in P-impoverished environments.

Methods
We collected leaf and soil samples of Adenanthosbarbiger, A. cuneatus, A.meisneri,A. obovatus, A. sericeus and Adenanthos sp. Whicher Range (G.J. Keighery 9736) growing in their natural habitats at different locations within the severely P-limited megadiverse environment of south-western Australia. Hydroponic experiments were conducted to collect the carboxylates exuded by cluster roots. Pot experiments in soil were carried out to measure rhizosheath phosphatase activity.

Key Results
We found no evidence for facilitation of P uptake in any of the studied Adenanthos species. Like most Proteaceae, A. cuneatus, A. meisneri, A. obovatus, A. sericeus and Adenanthos sp. Whicher Range (G.J. Keighery 9736) expressed P-mining strategies, including the formation of cluster roots. Cluster roots of A. obovatus were less effective than those of the other four Adenanthos species. In contrast to what is known for most Proteaceae, we found no cluster roots for A. barbiger. This species probably expressed a post-fire P-acquisition strategy. All Adenanthos species used P highly efficiently for photosynthesis, like other Proteaceae in similar natural habitats.

Conclusions
Adenanthos is the first genus of Proteaceae found to express multiple P-acquisition strategies. The diversity of P-acquisition strategies in these Proteaceae, coupled with similarly diverse strategies in Fabaceae and Myrtaceae, demonstrates that caution is needed in making family- or genus-wide extrapolations about the strategies exhibited in severely P-impoverished megadiverse ecosystems.
Patient-reported Outcomes Utilizing the BREAST-Q Questionnaire After Breast-Conserving Surgery With and Without Oncoplastic Breast Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Panayi Adriana C , Knoedler Samuel , Knoedler Leonard , Tapking Christian , Hundeshagen Gabriel , Diehm Yannick F , Fischer Sebastian , Thamm Oliver C , Kneser Ulrich , Haug Valentin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Oncoplastic breast surgery (OBS) arose to decrease the deformity following breast-conserving surgery (BCS) for breast cancer. In this meta-analysis (MA), we pool BREAST-Q questionnaire data to compare quality of life (QOL) in breast cancer patients who received BCS alone or in combination with level I or II oncoplastic breast surgery (BCS + OBS). All relevant databases were searched following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) and QUOROM (Quality of Reporting of Meta-Analyses) guidelines. All prospective or retrospective studies with a BCS or BCS + OBS cohort that reported QOL as assessed with the BREAST-Q questionnaire were eligible. Fifty-five studies (75 distinct patient cohorts; 11,186 patients) were included in the MA, with 12 studies reporting both preoperative and postoperative values and eligible for a pair-wise MA. The pair-wise MA showed a significant postoperative improvement in the overall satisfaction with the breast (mean difference [MD] +8.0%, P = .003) and in the psychosocial well-being (MD +9.2%, 3.5-14.8, P = .001) of the entire cohort (BCS and BCS + OBS). A subgroup MA of proportions highlighted a superiority of BCS + OBS to BCS in overall satisfaction with the breast (72.0%, 68.0-76.1, vs 62.9%, 58.3-67.5; P = .02) and psychosocial well-being (78.9%, 71.5-86.4, vs 73.3%, 67.3-76.5, P = .0001). A leave-1-out sensitivity analysis confirmed the results of the pair-wise MA and the MA of proportions. Oncoplastic breast surgery effectively improves QOL and patient satisfaction based on the patient-reported outcomes assessed with the BREAST-Q questionnaire. The improvements were associated with acceptable complication rates, further supporting BCS followed by OBS when mastectomy would otherwise be necessary.

Level of Evidence: 3
Buzzes are used as signals of aggressive intent in Darwin’s finches
Authors: Akçay Çağlar , Colombelli-Négrel Diane , Kleindorfer Sonia 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Signals of aggression may potentially reduce the fitness costs of conflict during agonistic interactions if they are honest. Here we examined whether the ‘buzz’ vocalization in two species of Darwin’s finches, the small tree finch, Camarhynchus parvulus, and the critically endangered medium tree finch, C. pauper, found in Floreana Island, Galápagos Archipelago, is a signal of aggression. Specifically, we assessed three criteria for aggressive signalling (context, predictive, and response criteria) in an observational study and a playback experiment. In the observational study, buzzes by the resident male were more common when an intruder was present on the territory in medium tree finches but not small tree finches (context criterion). In the playback experiment, buzzes increased during and after a simulated intrusion for both species (context criterion). Buzzes before the playback period predicted aggressive responses by males (predictive criterion) but buzzes during playback did not. Finally, both species responded more strongly to playbacks of conspecific buzzes compared to conspecific songs and heterospecific buzzes (response criterion). Together the results support the aggressive signal hypothesis for buzz vocalizations, although future studies are needed to understand the evolution and development of this interesting signal.
Giant coronary aneurysm in a toddler with Kawasaki disease: technical challenges in CT coronary angiography
Authors: Chan Yan Hei , Young Catherine Yee Man , Wang Ki , So Enoch C T , Chu Winnie C W 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Kawasaki disease is the most common vasculitis causing acquired coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) and affects mostly children. Computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) has unique diagnostic and prognostic values in cases of giant CAA. Here, we report technical challenges encountered when performed CTCA for a case of Kawasaki disease complicated with giant CAA. In particular, there was significant flow alteration caused by the giant CAA(s) causing suboptimal enhancement when the standard protocol was applied. We share our experience in optimizing the scan and propose the use of either manual bolus tracking or test bolus technique in similar scenarios, as well as multidisciplinary approach to optimize patient preparation.