bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Granulocyte and monocyte adsorptive apheresis in the treatment of active distal ulcerative colitis: a prospective, pilot study
Authors: Yamamoto T. , Umegae S. , Kitagawa T. , Yasuda Y. , Yamada Y. , Takahashi D. , Mukumoto M. , Nishimura N. , Yasue K. , Matsumoto K. 
Published: September 2004

SummaryAim : To assess safety and clinical efficacy of granulocyte and monocyte adsorptive apheresis for distal ulcerative colitis.Methods : Granulocyte and monocyte adsorptive apheresis therapy (five aphereses for 5 consecutive weeks) was performed for 30 consecutive patients with active distal ulcerative colitis. Patient compliance, adverse effects and clinical symptoms were regularly assessed.Results : Adverse effects were noted during nine (6%) apheresis sessions in eight patients; slight headache five, transient abdominal pain with tenesmus two, fever (38 °C) one and mild liver dysfunction one. None of these adverse effects was serious and all patients could complete five aphereses. Clinical symptoms (stool frequency and consistency, rectal bleeding, tenesmus and mucus in stools) significantly improved after the third apheresis. Clinical remission (normal stool frequency and no rectal bleeding) was achieved in 21 patients (70%) after five aphereses. The median Disease Activity Index score significantly decreased; from 6 [interquartile range (IQR): 4–7] to 2 (IQR: 1–3) (P < 0.0001).Conclusion : In the treatment of active distal ulcerative colitis, granulocyte and monocyte adsorptive apheresis is safe and well‐tolerated. Granulocyte and monocyte adsorptive apheresis had a beneficial effect on clinical remission and symptoms. However, randomized‐controlled trials would be necessary to assess a definite efficacy of granulocyte and monocyte adsorptive apheresis.
Psychological support counselling improves gluten‐free diet compliance in coeliac patients with affective disorders
Authors: Addolorato G. , De Lorenzi G. , Abenavoli L. , Leggio L. , Capristo E. , Gasbarrini G. 
Published: September 2004

SummaryBackground : Anxiety and depression are common features of coeliac disease. Depression is cause of non‐compliance to treatment in chronic illness.Aim : To evaluate the useful of psychological support counselling to improve affective disorders and gluten‐free diet adherence in coeliac disease with anxiety and depression.Methods : A total of 66 coeliac disease patients with state anxiety and current depression were enrolled. Patients were randomized in two groups: in group A psychological support was started at the beginning of gluten‐free diet, while group B was free of psychological support. Both groups were followed every 2 weeks for 6 months. State and Trait Anxiety Inventory test Y‐1 and the modified Zung self‐rating depression scale were administered before (T0) and after 6 months of gluten‐free diet (T1).Results : At T1 no difference was found between groups in the percentage of state anxiety, while a significant lower percentage of depressed subjects was found in group A with respect to group B (15.1% vs. 78.8%; P = 0.001). In the follow‐up period, a significant lower compliance to gluten‐free diet was found in group B with respect to group A (39.4% vs. 9.1%; P = 0.02).Conclusions : In coeliac disease patients with affective disorders psychological support seems to be able to reduce depression and to increase gluten‐free diet compliance.
Inferring the mass fraction of floc‐deposited mud: application to fine‐grained turbidites
Authors: Curran K. J. , Hill P. S. , Schell T. M. , Milligan T. G. , Piper D. J. W. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFine sediment deposition in the ocean is complicated by the cohesive nature of muds and their tendency to flocculate. The result is disaggregated inorganic grain size (DIGS) distributions of bottom sediment that are influenced by single‐grain and floc deposition. This study outlines a parametric model that characterizes bottom sediment DIGS distributions. Modelled parameters are then used to infer depositional conditions that account for the regional variation in the grain sizes deposited by turbidity currents on the Laurentian Fan–Sohm Abyssal Plain, offshore south‐eastern Canada. Results indicate that, on the channellized Laurentian Fan, the mass fraction of floc‐deposited mud increases only slightly downslope. The small evolution in this fraction arises because sediment concentration and turbulent energy are associated in turbidity currents. On the Sohm Abyssal Plain, however, the mass fraction of floc‐deposited mud decreases, probably as a result of lower sediment concentration at this source‐distal site. Estimates of the mass fraction of mud deposited as flocs suggest that floc deposition is the dominant mode by which sediment is lost from suspension, although single‐grain deposition contributes more to the depositional flux in proximal areas where high energy breaks flocs and in distal areas where low sediment concentration limits floc formation. It is concluded that, throughout the dispersal system, changes in the fraction of flocculated mud deposited from turbidity currents reflect changes in sediment concentration and energy downslope.
Aeolian abrasion and modes of fine particle production from natural red dune sands: an experimental study
Authors: Bullard Joanna E. , McTainsh Grant H. , Pudmenzky Christa 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA series of experiments was conducted to determine the potential for aeolian abrasion of natural dune sands to produce fine particles (< 125 µm) by (1) the release of resident fines; (2) spalling, chipping and breakage of particles; and (3) the removal of grain surface coatings. Parent samples were obtained from the surfaces of four active continental dunes and abraded using a glass ‘test tube’ chamber for up to 120 h. The fine particles produced by this abrasion process were trapped at varying time intervals and subject to detailed particle‐size analyses using a Coulter Multisizer. The abrasion of untreated parent samples produced fine particles in one of two main size classes, < 10 µm and > 50 µm, but when the parent sample was sieved to exclude particles < 250 µm, relatively more material in the range 10–50 µm was produced. For unsieved parent samples, the size range associated with the dominant mode varied according to the length of the abrasion time. The coarsest mode (> 63 µm) was dominant during the first 16 h of abrasion, then became less significant and is thought to be associated with the release of resident fines into suspension. The finest mode (< 10 µm) was absent or very weak during the first 16 h of abrasion, then became more significant and, in some instances, dominated the distribution as abrasion continued. Removal of grain surface coatings is the main source of fine material < 10 µm, and this may be a significant source of fine material in areas where sands are dominated by subrounded and rounded particles. By comparison with previous studies of aeolian particle abrasion, these natural dune sands produced very low quantities of fine material (by weight), but their spatial extent makes them potentially a significant source of dust‐sized particles at the global scale.
Terrigenous sedimentation processes along the continental margin off NW Africa: implications from grain‐size analysis of seabed sediments
Authors: Holz Christine , Stuut Jan–berend W. , Henrich Rüdiger 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe terrigenous fraction of seabed sediments recovered along the north‐west African continental margin illustrates spatial variability in grain size attributed to different transport mechanisms. Three subpopulations are determined from the grain‐size analyses (n = 78) of the carbonate‐free silt fraction applying an end‐member modelling algorithm (G. J. Weltje, 1997). The two coarsest end‐members are interpreted as representing aeolian dust, and the fine‐grained end‐member is related to fluvial supply. The end‐member model thus allows aeolian fallout to be distinguished from fluvial‐sourced mud in this area. The relative contributions of the end‐members show distinct regional variations that can be related to different transport processes and pathways. Understanding present‐day sediment dispersal and mixing is important for a better understanding of older sedimentary records and palaeoclimate reconstructions in the region.
Do child psychiatrists in Germany diagnose bipolar disorders in children and adolescents? Results from a survey
Authors: Meyer Thomas D. , Koßmann‐Böhm Sibylle , Schlottke Peter F. 
Published: September 2004

Objectives:  There is a controversy about the prevalence of childhood bipolar disorders (BD). Based on discrepant results, we studied if German psychiatrists in outpatient settings diagnose BD in children and adolescents at all, and if there are possible correlates of the diagnoses of pediatric BD. We also asked how often typical manic symptoms (e.g. elated mood) are actually seen in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients.Methods:  Provided by the medical register we had a complete list of all 251 psychiatrists in the area. Using a questionnaire we asked if and how often they diagnose BD among children and adolescents and how often they observe manic‐like symptoms in children with ADHD (response rate 61%).Results:  While 63% of all psychiatrists have diagnosed BD in adolescents, only 7.8% did so in children. Age and therapeutic approach of the psychiatrists were associated with the likelihood of having diagnosed BD in children. Furthermore some typical bipolar symptoms were also present in ADHD patients.Conclusions:  Our study only relied on self‐reports of the psychiatrists about the diagnoses and number of cases, but BD in children seems to be rarely diagnosed in outpatient settings in Germany. The design of our study, however, cannot resolve the questions what the reasons are for this low rate of BD diagnoses, e.g. misdiagnoses, overlooking comorbidity or referral strategies. Epidemiological studies are needed and should consider multiple follow‐ups.
Bipolar disorder in older adults: a critical review
Authors: Depp Colin A , Jeste Dilip V 
Published: September 2004

Objectives: The goal of this article is to provide a comprehensive critical review of studies reporting the prevalence, features, age of onset, course, comorbidity, and neuropsychology of, as well as service utilization, in bipolar disorder in older age.Methods: We searched the Medline, Pubmed, and PsycINFO databases using combinations of the keywords ‘Bipolar’, ‘Manic/a’, ‘Manic Depression’, ‘Elderly’, and ‘Older’. We included English‐language reports presenting quantitative data on the prevalence and/or any descriptive information about adults with bipolar disorder over age 50. Findings from similar studies were pooled when possible. A total of 61 studies met our broad criteria.Results: Common methodological problems in the published studies included small sample sizes, retrospective chart review, lack of standardized measures, overemphasis on inpatients, and dearth of longitudinal data. Strong evidence indicates that bipolar disorder becomes less common with age, accounts for 8–10% of late life psychiatric admissions, is associated with neurologic factors in late‐onset groups, and is a heterogeneous life‐long illness. Weak or inconsistent evidence was found for a higher prevalence of mixed episodes in older adults, a lower treatment response, and the association with lower family history in late‐onset groups. Minimal information is available on bipolar depression in late life.Conclusions: Bipolar disorder in old age is a growing public health problem. Greater research on bipolar disorder in older people will assist in enhancing services to this group as well as inform research on bipolar disorder across the life span.
Medication use patterns and 2‐year outcome in first‐admission bipolar disorder with psychotic features
Authors: Craig Thomas J , Grossman Steven , Mojtabai Ramin , Joseph Gibson P , Lavelle Janet , Carlson Gabrielle A , Bromet Evelyn J 
Published: September 2004

Objective:  This study examined the patterns and predictors of medication use and 24‐month course/outcome in first‐admission patients with bipolar disorder (BD) with psychotic features.Method:  An epidemiologic sample of 155 first‐admission patients with research diagnoses of BD with psychotic features received intensive clinical assessments at baseline, 6‐ and 24‐month follow‐ups and telephone assessments at 3‐month intervals. Use of antipsychotics, antimanic agents (lithium and anticonvulsants), and antidepressants was determined from self‐reports corroborated by external sources where possible. Outcome was assessed with the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), consensus evaluations of illness course, and time in remission.Results:  More patients received antipsychotics (80.0%) than antimanics (52.3%) at discharge. At the 24‐month point, 44.6% reported using no medications; 19.4 and 38.8% received antipsychotics and antimanics, respectively. Health insurance and early regular antimanic use were the strongest predictors of regular antimanic use during the 6–24‐month follow‐up. Early and later regular use of antimanics and less use of antipsychotics were associated with higher GAF scores and greater time in remission. Conversely, failure to use antimanics regularly was associated with the worst outcome on these two measures. Early functioning as measured by the GAF strongly predicted outcome for all three measures. Younger and non‐White subjects were significantly less likely to attain complete remission during the 6–24‐month follow‐up.Conclusions:  The findings confirm clinical trial data that for some outcome measures use of antimanics is associated with good outcome in bipolar populations while failure to use these medications regularly was common among subjects with the worst outcomes. In addition, our findings that higher educational attainment and having health insurance predicted regular antimanic use and (for the latter) better outcome underscore the effect of socioeconomic influences while achieving a complete remission seems unrelated to medication use but strongly predicted by age and ethnicity. Finally, the fact that early regular treatment and early high functioning strongly predicted better outcome supports the need for the early diagnosis and treatment of patients with this disorder.
Lamotrigine therapy in treatment‐resistant menstrually‐related rapid cycling bipolar disorder: a case report
Authors: Becker OV , Rasgon NL , Marsh WK , Glenn T , Ketter TA 
Published: September 2004

Aims/Objectives:  To evaluate lamotrigine in a woman with a 30‐year history of treatment‐resistant menstrually‐entrained rapid cycling bipolar II disorder with follicular phase depressive and luteal phase mood elevation symptoms.Methods:  Lamotrigine was started at 5 mg/day and gradually increased up to 300 mg/day, while venlafaxine was tapered gradually and discontinued, and divalproex sodium 500 mg/day and levothyroxine 175 mcgm/day were continued. Daily self‐reported mood ratings were obtained from the patient, using ChronoRecord software.Results:  As lamotrigine was increased gradually, mood cycle amplitude attenuated. There was notable decrease in the severity and duration of depressive symptoms specifically during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. At the time of submission of this paper, the subject had remained euthymic for a total of 12 months.Conclusion:  This case suggests the potential utility of lamotrigine in treatment‐resistant menstrually‐related rapid cycling bipolar disorder, and raises the possibility that lamotrigine might be able to treat pathological entrainment of mood with the menstrual cycle. Both of these issues merit systematic assessment.
Monitoring Host Nuclear Migration and Degradation with Green Fluorescent Protein during Compatible and Incompatible Interactions of Nicotiana tabacum with Colletotrichum Species
Authors: Shan X. C. , Goodwin P. H. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractRecent evidence has emerged suggesting that nuclei sense and migrate towards infection sites in plants, and a novel approach to examine the dynamics of nuclei is described utilizing transgenic plants expressing a version of green fluorescent protein (GFP) that specifically labels plant nuclei. Nicotiana tabacum with GFP‐labelled nuclei were inoculated with GFP‐labelled strains of the hemibiotrophic fungi, Colletotrichum destructivum and C. graminicola. The nucleus in an epidermal host cell migrated to just underneath the appressorium of the compatible fungus, C. destructivum, but then migrated away from the developing fungus once it had penetrated and started to grow biotrophically. As the necrotrophic phase developed, the nuclei appeared to shrink and eventually their green fluorescence was no longer visible. The interaction of C. graminicola with N. tabacum was considered to show non‐host incompatibility. The host nuclei in the epidermal cells also migrated underneath the appressoria. Once fungal penetration had failed, the nuclei then migrated back towards locations typically observed in epidermal cells of uninoculated plants. The use of both plant structures and a fungus that are labelled with a readily detectable fluorescent marker provides significant advantages as it permits direct observation of changes in living host and pathogen cells during a plant–fungal interaction.
Identification of Cochliobolus sativus (Spot Blotch) Isolates Expressing Differential Virulence on Barley Genotypes in Syria
Authors: Arabi M. I. E. , Jawhar M. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractSpot blotch, caused by Cochliobolus sativus, is a common foliar disease of barley. Information on the variability of virulence in C. sativus is essential for the production of spot‐resistant barley cultivars. The virulence variability of isolates of this pathogen collected from different regions of Syria was evaluated using 10 differential barley genotypes originating from widely dispersed areas. Genotypes showed a continuous range of response from very susceptible to moderately resistant but none was immune to the disease. A cluster analysis indicated that the isolates had distinct differential virulence patterns within the three groups. A mean disease rating of 3.71 was the separation point between avirulent and virulent reactions. The data demonstrated that variation occurred in the virulence of and the resistance level to isolates and among genotypes, respectively. Isolate C41 exhibited distinct differential virulence patterns, high frequency and low variance in all genotypes. To incorporate adequate levels of resistance into future barley genotypes, disease evaluations should be made with C. sativus isolates that express the full spectrum of virulence found in Syria.
Induction of Systemic Resistance to Erysiphe orontii Cast in Tobacco by Application on Roots of an Isolate of Gliocladium roseum Bainier
Authors: Lahoz E. , Contillo R. , Porrone F. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractInduced systemic resistances (ISR) response is related to several biochemical changes in plants. Gliocladium roseum is a powerful biological control agent (BCA) as first emerged in controlling Botrytis cinerea in strawberry and later on diseases of raspberry and tomato. Enzymatic activities were measured on leaves of tobacco plants inoculated on roots with an isolate of G. roseum. Leaf extracts were analysed for 1,3‐β‐glucanases, 1,4‐β‐glycosidases, chitinases, N‐acetyl‐β‐d‐glucosaminidase and ‐β‐d‐N‐N′‐diacetyl‐chitobiosidase activities; peroxidase isozymes were examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Plants inoculated with G. roseum showed: (i) an increased activity of 1,3‐β‐glucanases, 1,4‐β‐glycosidases and chitinases; (ii) two new bands and a major expression of two other isoforms in peroxidase isozymes pattern. Bioassays were carried out making a challenge inoculation with Erysiphe orontii on leaves of plants previously treated with Gliocladium on roots. Leaves of these plants showed a reduced number of colonies and less severe symptoms of powdery mildew compared with the control ones. This is the first time that this effect has been demonstrated for G. roseum.
Resistance to Pyrimethanil and other Fungicides in Botrytis cinerea Populations Collected on Vegetable Crops in Spain
Authors: Moyano C. , Gómez V. , Melgarejo P. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractForty‐seven greenhouses of vegetable crops were surveyed in south‐eastern Spain at the beginning of the epidemic (January 2000) to compare sensitivity of Botrytis cinerea populations to pyrimethanil (an anilinopyrimidine fungicide) after 4 years of treatment with an unexposed population from a 1992 collection. A standard method to test the sensitivity of B. cinerea to pyrimethanil in a defined minimal medium (1.75 g/l of KH2PO4, 0.75 g/l of MgSO4, 4 g/l of glucose and 4 g/l of gelatine) was used to establish frequency distributions of pyrimethanil sensitivity in both populations. Two different distributions for sensitive and resistant isolates were obtained. ED50 of sensitive isolates in 1992 ranged from 0.05 to 0.5 mg a.i./l (mean ± SE, 0.23 ± 0.02), and 0.04–0.4 mg a.i./l in 2000 (0.11 ± 0.01). ED50 for resistant isolates ranged from 1 to 10 mg a.i./l in both surveys (5 ± 2.64 and 4.25 ± 2.14, in 1992 and 2000, respectively). No resistance build‐up to pyrimethanil was developed in B. cinerea populations after exposition of 4 years to the fungicide. An in vitro monitoring procedure was developed based on testing on one single discriminatory dose of pyrimethanil (established at 0.7 mg a.i./l). Isolates resistant to pyrimethanil in the in vitro assay caused visible lesions on cucumber leaf discs treated with the fungicide. No significant differences in fitness (growth or sporulation) between resistant and sensitive isolates were obtained. The 307 isolates collected in January 2000 were tested in vitro using discriminatory doses to estimate the frequencies of resistance of B. cinerea to benzimidazoles (carbendazim), dicarboximides (procymidone), N‐phenylcarbamates (diethofencarb), and anilinopyrimidines (pyrimethanil). Of the 307 isolates collected, 90% were resistant to benzimidazoles, 77% to dicarboximides, 23% to N‐phenylcarbamates and 12% to anilinopyrimidines (in this case of 165 isolates). Dicarboximide and benzimidazole cross‐resistant isolates were found in each of the surveyed greenhouses and accounted for 65.8%. Fourteen percentage of the population were resistant to dicarboximides, benzimidazoles and N‐phenylcarbamates, and 3% were also resistant to anilinopyrimidines.
RT‐PCR Detection and Molecular Characterization of Prunus necrotic ringspot virus Isolates Occurring in Turkey
Authors: Ulubas C. , Ertunc F. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractSour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.), sweet cherry (P. avium L.), peach [P. persica (L.) Batsch], nectarine [P. persica (L.) Batsch var. nucipersica (Suckow) C.K. Schneid], apricot (P. armeniaca L.) and plum (P. domestica L.) trees either known to be infected, or shown to be so during a survey of different stone fruit growing regions of Turkey, were tested for the occurrence of Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) using double antibody sandwich (DAS)–enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). DAS–ELISA detected virus in only 31 of 486 samples; an additional 20 samples (total infection 51) were found to be infected by PNRSV when RT‐PCR was used. The highest virus incidence occurred in nectarine followed by that in peach. In order to identify specific virus strains, the PCR products amplified from the capsid protein (CP) gene of the 20 isolates selected from different provinces were subjected to restriction fragment length polymorphic (RFLP) analysis. The PCR products were digested by eight different restriction endonucleases. Most of the PNRSV isolates were identified as members of group PV96, but a single isolate was a member of group PV32; none of the isolates belonged to group PE5. Phylogenetic analysis divided the virus isolates into three additional major and three minor groups. No relation was found between the geographic distribution and the grouping of the PNRSV isolates based on RFLP.