bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sown Without Care: Dutch Eugenicists and their Call for Optimising Developmental Conditions, 1919–1939
Authors: van der Meer Martijn 
Published: January 2024

Summary
This paper explains the coexistence of concerns about hereditary degeneration and opposition to reproductive intervention such as sterilisation in Dutch eugenic discourse during the interwar years. Based on an analysis of textbooks, periodical publications and printed lectures, I will show how eugenicists positioned themselves within the domain of public health by framing their domain of inquiry as a pivotal addition to curative medicine and sanitary reform. Dutch eugenicists rendered this symbiotic relationship conceptually plausible by combining criticism of genetic determinism and Lamarckian viewpoints on heredity. This paper explains how this conceptual constellation enabled Dutch eugenicists to claim that the combination of proper (eugenic) education and a healthy environment would stimulate individuals to behave socially responsibly and restrain from reproducing. By doing so, this essay contributes to the historiographical trend to comparatively analyse eugenics as a transnational phenomenon.
FTO‐mediated m6A modification of serum amyloid A2 mRNA promotes podocyte injury and inflammation by activating the NF‐κB signaling pathway
Authors: Lang Yating , Wang Qimeng , Sheng Qinghao , Lu Shangwei , Yang Meilin , Kong Zhijuan , Gao Ying , Fan Xiaoting , Shen Ning , Wang Rong , Lv Zhimei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDiabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the severe complications of diabetes mellitus, yet there is no effective treatment. Exploring the development of DKD is essential to treatment. Podocyte injury and inflammation are closely related to the development of DKD. However, the mechanism of podocyte injury and progression in DKD remains largely unclear. Here, we observed that FTO expression was significantly upregulated in high glucose‐induced podocytes and that overexpression of FTO promoted podocyte injury and inflammation. By performing RNA‐seq and MeRIP‐seq with control podocytes and high glucose‐induced podocytes with or without FTO knockdown, we revealed that serum amyloid A2 (SAA2) is a target of FTO‐mediated m6A modification. Knockdown of FTO markedly increased SAA2 mRNA m6A modification and decreased SAA2 mRNA expression. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that SAA2 might participate in podocyte injury and inflammation through activation of the NF‐κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, by generating podocyte‐specific adeno‐associated virus 9 (AAV9) to knockdown SAA2 in mice, we discovered that the depletion of SAA2 significantly restored podocyte injury and inflammation. Together, our results suggested that upregulation of SAA2 promoted podocyte injury through m6A‐dependent regulation, thus suggesting that SAA2 may be a therapeutic target for diabetic kidney disease.
Initiatives Targeting Health Care Professionals
Authors: Yarycky Laney , Castillo Louise I. R. , Gagnon Michelle M. , Hadjistavropoulos Thomas 
Published: January 2024

Objectives:
Pain is often undertreated in older adult populations due to factors such as insufficient continuing education and health care resources. Initiatives to increase knowledge about pain assessment and management are crucial for the incorporation of research evidence into practice. Knowledge translation (KT) studies on pain management for older adults and relevant knowledge users have been conducted; however, the wide variety of KT program formats and outcomes underscores a need to evaluate and systematically report on the relevant literature.

Methods:
Using a systematic review methodology, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), MEDLINE, PsycInfo, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to June 2023. Pain-related KT programs targeted towards older adults, their informal caregivers and health care professionals were examined. Initiatives focusing on health care professionals are the focus of this review. Initiatives focusing on older adults are reported elsewhere.

Results:
From an initial 21,669 search results, 172 studies met our inclusion criteria. These studies varied widely in focus and delivery format but the majority were associated with significant risk of bias. In this report, we are focusing on 124 studies targeting health care professionals; 48 studies involving initiatives targeting older adults are reported elsewhere. Moreover, most programs were classified as knowledge mobilization studies without an implementation component. Across all studies, knowledge user satisfaction with the initiative and suitability of material presented were most commonly assessed. Patient outcomes, however, were underemphasized in the literature.

Discussion:
Patient and clinical outcomes must be a focus of future research to fully conceptualize the success of KT programs for older adult patients. Without implementation plans, disseminated knowledge does not tend to translate effectively to practice.
Single agent vs combination immunotherapy in advanced melanoma: a review of the evidence
Authors: Benhima Nada , Belbaraka Rhizlane , Langouo Fontsa Mireille D. 
Published: January 2024

Purpose of review
The aim of this review is to outline the current landscape of advanced melanoma treatment options, provide insights on selecting combination therapies within different clinical scenarios, capture clinical relevance of anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) monotherapy, and explore the unmet needs with immune check-point inhibitors (ICI) in advanced melanoma.

Recent findings
ICI based treatment consisted of single agent ICI or dual combination ICI-ICI is the standard of care of front-line treatment of metastatic or unresectable melanoma. PD-1 inhibitors (Pembrolizumab and Nivolumab) improved progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) compared to chemotherapy and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors (Ipilimumab and Tremelimumab). The dual ICI combination (Nivolumab and Ipilimumab) provided profound and durable responses better than monotherapy, and the longest overall survival ever achieved in advanced disease, including in patients with murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF)-mutated disease, but at the cost of a high risk of severe toxicity. The new dual blockage of LAG-3 and PD-1 (Nivolumab-Relatlimab) emerges as a valid option with promising efficacy outcomes and a favourable toxicity profile. Mature survival data is still needed to capture the real benefit.

Summary
These new plethora of options pose new challenges not only for optimal treatment sequencing strategies but especially for management of adverse effects, endorsing the need to integrate a holistic and personalized approach for patient care.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Voriconazole in Patients with End-Stage Liver Disease
Authors: Wu Zhenyu , Jiang Min , Yan Miao , Li Guangdi , Zeng Zhihao , Zhang Xiangling , Li Naiping , Jiang Yongfang , Gong Guozhong , Zhang Min 
Published: January 2024

Background:
This study aimed to identify the factors that influence voriconazole (VCZ) plasma concentrations and optimize the doses of VCZ in patients with end-stage liver disease (ESLD).

Methods:
Patients with ESLD who received a VCZ maintenance dose of 100 mg twice daily (group A, n = 57) or the VCZ maintenance dose of 50 mg twice daily (group B, n = 37), orally or intravenously, were enrolled in this study. Trough plasma concentrations (Cmin) of VCZ between 1 and 5 mg/L were considered within the therapeutic target range.

Results:
The VCZ Cmin was determined in 94 patients with ESLD. The VCZ Cmin of patients in group A was remarkably higher than those in group B (4.85 ± 2.53 mg/L vs 2.75 ± 1.40 mg/L; P < 0.001). Compared with group A, fewer patients in group B had VCZ Cmin outside the therapeutic target (23/57 vs. 6/37, P = 0.021). Univariate and multivariate analyses suggested that both body weight and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease scores were closely associated with the VCZ Cmin in group B.

Conclusions:
These data indicate that dose optimization based on body weight and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease scores is required to strike an efficacy–safety balance during VCZ treatment in patients with ESLD.
ASSESSMENT OF SIMULATED SURGICAL DEXTERITY AFTER MODIFIABLE EXTERNAL EXPOSURES AMONG NOVICE VERSUS EXPERIENCED VITREORETINAL SURGEONS
Authors: Roizenblatt Marina , Gehlbach Peter L. , Marin Vitor D. G. , Roizenblatt Arnaldo , Saraiva Vinicius da S. , Nakanami Mauricio H. , Noia Luciana da C. , Watanabe Sung E. S. , Yasaki Erika S. , Passos Renato M. , Junior Octaviano Magalhães , Fernandes Rodrigo A. B. , Stefanini Francisco R. , Caiado Rafael , Jiramongkolchai Kim , Farah Michel E. , Junior Rubens Belfort , Maia Mauricio 
Published: January 2024

Purpose.
To evaluate novice and senior vitreoretinal surgeons after various exposures. Multiple comparisons ranked the importance of these exposures for surgical dexterity based on experience.

Methods.
This prospective cohort study included 15 novice and 11 senior vitreoretinal surgeons (<2 and >10 years’ practice, respectively). Eyesi-simulator tasks were performed after each exposure. Day 1, placebo, 2.5 mg/kg caffeine, and 5.0 mg/kg caffeine; day 2, placebo, 0.2 mg/kg propranolol, and 0.6 mg/kg propranolol; day 3, baseline simulation, breathalyzer readings of 0.06%-0.10% and 0.11%-0.15% blood-alcohol concentrations; day 4, baseline simulation, push-up sets with 50% and 85% repetitions maximum; and day 5, 3-hour sleep deprivation. Eyesi-generated score (0-700, worst-best), out-of-tolerance tremor (0-100, best-worst), task completion time (minutes), and intraocular pathway (mm) were measured.

Results.
Novice surgeons performed worse after caffeine (-29.53, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -57.80 to -1.27, p=0.041), and alcohol (-51.33, 95% CI: -80.49 to -22.16, p=0.001). Alcohol caused longer pathways (212.84 mm, 95% CI: 34.03 to 391.65 mm, p=0.02) and greater tremor (7.72, 95% CI: 0.74 to 14.70, p=0.003) among novices. Sleep deprivation negatively affected novice performance time (2.57 minutes, 95% CI: 1.09 to 4.05 minutes, p=0.001) and tremor (8.62, 95% CI: 0.80 to 16.45, p=0.03); however, their speed increased after propranolol (-1.43 minutes, 95% CI: -2.71 to -0.15 minutes, p=0.029). Senior surgeons’ scores deteriorated only following alcohol (-47.36, 95% CI: -80.37 to -14.36, p=0.005).

Conclusion.
Alcohol compromised all participants despite their expertise level. Experience negated the effects of caffeine, propranolol, exercise, and sleep deprivation on surgical skills.
The impact of bilateral vision status on vision-related quality of life in people with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Lin Zushun , Li Dong , Lin Wei , Wen Liang , Wang Yu , Lin Zhong 
Published: January 2024

Purpose:
To assess the impact of bilateral vision status on vision-related quality of life (VR-QOL) in patients with type 2 diabetes in a Chinese cohort.

Methods:
Patients with presenting visual acuity (PVA) and VR-QOL data from the Fushun Diabetic Retinopathy Cohort Study were included. VR-QOL was assessed using the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25 (VFQ-25). Monocular PVA (Snellen) was categorized into 3 levels for both the better-seeing eye (BSE) and worse-seeing eye (WSE): 1) High PVA (H, > 6/18); 2) Moderate PVA (M, 6/18–6/60); and 3) Low PVA (L, < 6/60). Based on the monocular PVAs, 6 categories of bilateral vision status were defined (H-H, H-M, H-L, M-M, M-L, L-L). The parameters of VR-QOL were analyzed between the groups.

Results:
A total of 1717 patients were enrolled. For BSEs in the same PVA level, the VFQ-25 composite score decreased significantly with declining PVA in the WSE (H-M vs H-L: 80.5±17.9 vs. 73.6±22.5, P=0.01; M-M vs M-L: 78.7±19.6 vs. 69.1±26.4, P=0.01). Conversely, for WSEs in the same PVA level, there was no significant difference in the VFQ-25 composite score as PVA changed in the BSE (H-M vs M-M, 80.5±17.9 vs. 78.7±19.6, P=0.30; H-L vs. M-L: 73.6±22.5 vs. 69.1±26.4, P=0.25).

Conclusion:
The PVA of the WSE in bilateral vision has a greater impact on VR-QOL in diabetic patients. Priority treatment may be considered for the WSE for diabetic patients with different bilateral vision statuses, to better improve VR-QOL.
Exploring the Location of Corneal Pigmented Arc and Myopia Control Efficacy in Orthokeratology-Treated Children Using Pentacam Measurements
Authors: Kuo Yu-Kai , Chuang Lan-Hsin , Lai Chi-Chun , Wu Pei-Chang , Chen Shin-Yi , Chen Hung-Chi , Yeung Ling , Wang Nan-Kai , Hwang Yih-Shiou , Liu Chun-Fu 
Published: January 2024

Objectives:
To determine the location and intensity of the corneal pigmented arc in orthokeratology (ortho-k)-treated children and its relationship with annual axial length (AL) change using Pentacam.

Methods:
This retrospective cohort study enrolled children aged 9 to 15 years who had been followed up for at least one year after ortho-k treatment for myopia control. A Pentacam was used to determine the location and intensity of pigmented arc after lens wear. Annual AL changes were further used as the outcome measurement to determine their relationships with the location and intensity of pigmented arc using generalized estimating equations (GEE).

Results:
In total, 62 eyes from 33 patients (mean age 10.9 years) were included in our final analysis. The mean follow-up time was 30.6 months. The mean annual AL changes were 0.10 mm. Age statistically correlated with annual AL change (GEE, P=0.033). In addition, the annual AL change was negatively associated with the relative vertical distance of the lowest density of pigmented arc point based on the visual center, pupil center, and corneal thinnest point after adjustment with age (P=0.005, P=0.004, and P<0.001, respectively).

Conclusions:
Pentacam could be a useful tool for evaluating the location and intensity of the corneal pigmented arc. In addition, there was a negative correlation between the vertical distance of the pigmented arc and annual AL change. These findings may provide important information regarding myopia control, next-generation ortho-k design, and prescription.
Trends in Childhood Glaucoma Prevalence and Incidence in South Korea, 2002–2019: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
Authors: Baek Sung Uk , Kim Su Hwan , Ha Ahnul , Kim Jin-Soo , Yoon Hyung-Jin , Kim Young Kook 
Published: January 2024

Précis:
This nationwide analysis identified the prevalence and incidence of childhood glaucoma for an 18-year period. The prevalence and incidence of primary congenital glaucoma showed increasing trends. Juvenile open angle glaucoma, meanwhile, showed a decreasing tendency.

Purpose:
We aimed to determine the trends in the prevalence and incidence of childhood glaucoma in the entire population of South Korea.

Patients and Methods:
A nationwide retrospective cohort study was performed with an age-specific and sex-specific population of South Korea. The Korean National Health Insurance Service claims database for 2002 to 2019 was accessed to identify cases of ophthalmologist-confirmed primary childhood glaucoma [ie, primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) and juvenile open angle glaucoma (JOAG)]. Incidence for PCG was estimated for a same-birth-year population, while that for JOAG was estimated using age-specific and sex-specific population figures. To verify the glaucoma cases, we also analyzed the diagnostic codes as well as any information on medication prescriptions and/or ocular-surgery history.

Results:
During the 18-year observational period, totals of 505 and 7538 patients were diagnosed with PCG and JOAG, respectively. The mean prevalences of PCG and JOAG were 3.96±0.72 and 14.17±5.18, respectively. The prevalence of PCG showed an overall increasing trend during the study period, but the pattern was not significant (β=0.049, P=0.143); that of JOAG, meanwhile, showed a significant decreasing tendency (β=−0.713, P=0.001). PCG prevalence showed no difference between urban and rural areas, but JOAG showed a higher prevalence in rural areas (P<0.001). As for mean incidence, the rates for PCG and JOAG were 1.54±0.49 and 5.02±1.95 (per 100,000 person-years), respectively, and were higher in males (P<0.001 and P=0.013).

Conclusion:
This study identified childhood glaucoma prevalence and incidence in a general population of East Asian ethnicity. This data could help to promote a better understanding of the typical epidemiological features and clinical courses of childhood glaucoma patients.
Diet Quality Mediates the Relationship Between Chronic Stress and Inflammation in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Kang JungHee , Moser Debra K. , Lennie Terry A. , Chung Misook L. , Thomas D. Travis , Biddle Martha J. 
Published: January 2024

Background
Chronic stress is associated with promotion of inflammation and development of metabolic syndrome, as well as deterioration of diet quality. Inflammation can be modified by changes in dietary intake.

Objective
The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that diet quality mediates the relationship of chronic stress with inflammation in patients with metabolic syndrome.

Methods
Participants with metabolic syndrome (n = 73, 62 ± 12 years old, 71% female) completed questionnaires on chronic stress (Perceived Stress Scale-10) and diet quality (Healthy Eating Index-2020). The Perceived Stress Scale-10 was dichotomized. The Healthy Eating Index-2020 score was used as a continuous variable, and higher scores indicate better diet quality. Inflammation was assessed using plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (log-transformed). We used PROCESS in SPSS to test the hypothesis.

Results
Patients in the higher stress group had lower Healthy Eating Index-2020 scores (worse diet quality) than those in the lower stress group (57 ± 13 vs 64 ± 10, P = .01). Diet quality mediated the relationship between chronic stress and inflammation (indirect effect, 0.211; 95% bootstrap confidence interval, 0.006–0.496). Higher stress was associated with lower diet quality (effect, −7.152; 95% confidence interval, −13.168 to −1.137) that was associated with increased inflammation (effect, −0.030; 95% confidence interval, −0.052 to −0.007).

Conclusions
Our findings show the important role of diet quality in the relationship of chronic stress with inflammation in patients with metabolic syndrome. Healthcare providers should encourage patients with higher stress to improve diet quality, which can decrease inflammation.
Misplaced Evidence, Missed Opportunities: Protocols for Handling Ballistic Evidence in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Marlor Derek , Crandall Miriam , Elman Meredith , Stewart Shai , Cruz-Centeno Nelimar , Kim Dae , Ginger-Wiley Maria , Juang David 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:
Gun-related injury is now the number one cause of death in pediatric trauma patients. Many hospitals lack dedicated forensic nurses or updated protocols for handling ballistic evidence. Evidence not collected, handled improperly, or misplaced may deny a victim the basic human right to justice.

OBJECTIVE:
This article aims to describe an initiative to highlight the importance of proper management of ballistic evidence and to educate medical providers on best practices for the documentation, handling, removal, and transfer of ballistic evidence.

METHODS:
After discovering 24 “orphaned” bullets and bullet fragments in our hospital that had not been turned over to law enforcement, we sought to turn in evidence to the proper authorities and implement protocols to prevent this error in the future. New protocols were written by forensic staff, and education on new protocols was provided via in-person training, grand rounds, emails, and other collaborative initiatives.

RESULTS:
Evidence was matched to police reports using the patient name and date of birth on evidence labels. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) time of lost ballistic evidence was 1,397 (903, 1604) days, with the oldest bullet removed in 2015. All bullets were successfully returned to law enforcement with a median (IQR) time from bullet discovery to collection of 78 (78, 174) days.

CONCLUSIONS:
Ballistic evidence handling protocols are essential for all hospitals. Dedicated, trained forensic staff should be employed to ensure proper evidence handling.
Trauma Center Transition From Paper to Electronic Quality Improvement: Enhancing Trauma Performance Efficiency
Authors: Aplin Amanda , Franks Jennifer , Chagin Laura , Butler Jean , Killian Kim , Whaley Holly , Howard Chandra , Childers Megan , Runkle Kimberly , Cotterman Robert 
Published: January 2024

Background:
The American College of Surgeons requires continuous process improvement review to maintain trauma center verification. Paper-based systems to monitor and track performance improvement are commonly used but can be inadequate to monitor concurrent ongoing improvement effectively.

Objective:
To describe the implementation of an electronic process to capture and monitor performance improvement in near real time.

Methods:
In 2020, a Midwestern U.S. Level I adult trauma center and a Level II pediatric trauma center's trauma programs transitioned from a paper to an electronic file-sharing system for performance improvement. We converted our primary, secondary, and tertiary review documentation into a single electronic performance improvement file stored on the institution's virtual hard drive, accessible to designated staff, allowing continuous real-time updates.

Results:
The electronic file-sharing and monitoring process reinvigorated the team and enhanced performance improvement efforts, leading to increased efficiency through documentation and effective loop closure. Real-time monitoring allowed the trauma program to identify opportunities for improvement and enact timely action plans, including targeted performance improvement projects, department education, and ongoing training.

Conclusion:
We found that implementing an electronic file-sharing system enhanced the trauma team's ability to monitor and trend performance improvement in real time.
Emergency Department Pediatric Readiness: A Trauma Center Quality Improvement Initiative
Authors: Tucker Amy , Bailey Teresa , Edwards Courtney , Stewart Amy 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:
Most pediatric patients present to general emergency departments, yet maintaining pediatric equipment, skilled staff, and resources remains a challenge for many hospitals. Pediatric readiness assessment is now a requirement for trauma center verification.

OBJECTIVE:
This study aims to assess the impact of a quality improvement initiative to improve emergency department pediatric readiness.

METHODS:
A pre- and poststudy design was used to evaluate a quality improvement initiative to improve the National Pediatric Readiness assessment survey results conducted at a Southwestern United States adult Level I trauma center from September 2022 to April 2023. The multicomponent initiative included implementing a pediatric emergency care coordinator, pediatric-specific policies and procedures, identifying pediatric-specific quality and performance indicators, and educating pediatric-specific staff. Study inclusion criteria were all patients younger than 18 years who presented to the emergency department. The primary outcome measure was the improvement in the weighted Pediatric Readiness Score. Secondary outcomes were throughput, nursing documentation of vital signs, and pain scores.

RESULTS:
A total of N = 2,356 patients met inclusion, of which n = 1,158 (49.2%) were in the preintervention group and n = 1,198 (50.8%) postintervention group. The weighted Pediatric Readiness Score improved by 45.4%. Transfers to a pediatric hospital increased from 4.1% to 8.6% (p = .016). Blood pressure documentation improved slightly from 88.3% to 88.6%. Pain score documentation decreased from 83.9% to 63.1% (p = .008). Pain medication and administration improved from 19.8% to 26.7% (p = .046).

CONCLUSION:
We found that participation in the quality improvement initiative was associated with emergency department pediatric readiness improvements.