bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrastructural study on endothelial cells in splenic autotransplantation
Authors: Sasaki Katsunori 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe splenic tissue of the rat was autotransplanted into the greater omentum to investigate the angiogenic process during splenic regeneration. Chronological observations showed the following two stages. Initially surviving subcapsular sinus endothelial cells migrated to form a preliminary vascular network, which anastomosed with ingrowing omental capillaries to form a circulatory system. In this way, splenic autotransplants would not undergo necrosis and would rapidly form endothelial and reticular cells. At a later stage, the preliminary vascular network differentiated into arteries (arterioles, capillaries), splenic sinuses, and veins. Marked morphologic changes occurred in the endothelial cells, such as vacuole formation, fenestration, and the condensation of intraendothelial microfilaments, resulting in interendothelial slits. These results showed that the formation of a preliminary vascular network caused distinct splenic regeneration and that splenic autotransplantation is a suitable model to study angiogenesis in vivo.
Unsuspected field changes in the esophageal mucosa of patients with esophageal cancer
Authors: Traynor O. J. , Byrne P. J. , Stuart R. C. , Keye G. , Nolan N. , Hennessy T. P. J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe diagnosis of esophageal carcinoma carries an extremely poor prognosis. Even after apparently curative resection, with histologically normal resection margins, there is a high incidence of locally recurrent disease. This study was performed to determine if cell surface morphological abnormalities, indicative of a “field change,” are present in the esophageal mucosa of patients with squamous carcinoma of the esophagus. Seven patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus and seven patients with a normal esophagus were studied. Biopsies were examined using both light and scanning electron microscopy; they were taken from the midesophagus in the normal group and from the tumor, the normal mucosa adjacent to the tumor, and the proximal surgical resection margin in the tumor group. There was a characteristic pattern of abnormalities present in both the mucosa adjacent to tumor and the resection margin, indicative of a field change. The microplicae on the cell surfaces were reduced in number and were unfolded, and defects were found in the extracellular matrix giving rise to intercellular fissures. These changes reflect increased cell turnover and increased cell exfoliation. We conclude that scanning electron microscopy can detect widespread changes in the esophageal mucosa of patients with esophageal cancer that are not detectable by light microscopy. The fact that such field changes exist as far as the proximal surgical resection margin may help explain locally recurrent disease after apparently curative surgery.
A method for locating the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve in the neck
Authors: Fujimura Ikurou , de Souza Romeu R. , de Carvalho Claudio A. Ferraz , Rodrigues Aldo J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIn order to avoid injury to the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve during surgery in the face and neck, a simple method for locating this branch was devised. The anatomical relations between the marginal mandibular nerve and both the facial artery and vein were analyzed in 19 dissection preparations. The following distances were considered: (1) the angle of the mandible to the intersection point nerve‐vein; (2) mandibular angle to the facial artery; (3) inferior mandibular margin to the intersection point nerve‐vein; (4) facial artery to the intersection point projection nerve‐vein; (5) facial artery to the intersection point projection nerve‐vein on the inferior mandibular margin; and (6) facial vein to the facial artery. These data are useful for an easier localization of the marginal mandibular nerve in the submandibular region. All reference points employed are easily detected in a living subject.
Histoarchitecture of the ileal pouch after total colectomy
Authors: Lerch Markus M. , Harder Michael , Braun Josef , Treutner Karl Heinz , Hofstaedter Ferdinand , Schumpelick Volker , Matern Siegfried 
Published: February 2005

AbstractTotal colectomy and the construction of an ileal pouch reservoir that preserves the patient's continence has become a surgical option for the treatment of patients who undergo total colectomy. By using histologic, electron microscopic, and morphometric methods, the histoarchitecture of the terminal ileal pouch, now functioning as a neorectum, was compared with preoperative biopsies from the normal terminal ileum, transverse colon, and rectum from patients undergoing the construction of a pouch as well as controls. Twelve patients, each of which had undergone a total colectomy with an ileal J‐pouch anal anastomosis in our hospital between 1984 and 1987, were included in the study. Over a three year period a progressive transformation to a colonic type mucosa was observed in the ileal pouch. While total mucosal thickness remained unchanged, the number and size of the crypts increased dramatically, making some specimens indistinguishable from normal colonic mucosa on histologic examination. The number of mucus producing goblet cells and Paneth cells increased, whereas the endocrine cell population demonstrated no change. The possible metabolic and physiologic consequences of this mucosal transformation are discussed.
Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome
Authors: Grimley Ronald P. , O'Garra Jack A. , Cheatle Timothy , Mohan Surianarayanan Ram , Hickman Paul 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPopliteal artery entrapment is an unusual cause of intermittent claudication in young people. Despite increasing interest since the paper by (Hamming: Angiology 10:369–371, 1959) one may still fail to ascribe exercise‐induced leg pain to this syndrome. It may be confused with a chronic posterior crural compartment syndrome or spinal stenosis. In this article two cases, occurring in young athletes who required reconstructive surgery, are presented.
Study of the contents of the foramen transversarium of the seventh cervical vertebra
Authors: Jovanovic M. S. , Roy P. E. , Royer J. , Houde G. , Houde J. P. , Falardeau J. , Pusterla A. , Martel P. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the individual variations of the foramen transversarium of the seventh cervical vertebra. This foramen sometimes has the same dimensions as the foramina of the other cervical vertebrae, but it can also be smaller, or absent. In cases where a foramen is present in the seventh cervical vertebra, vascular or nervous structures (or both) can be occasionally observed within the space.Results confirm that the transverse foramina of the seventh cervical vertebra almost always contain vascular and nervous branches, as well as fibrous and adipose tissue.This report concerns the findings of the macroscopic and microscopic studies concerning the contents of the transverse foramina of the seventh cervical vertebra. The study was carried out by the Department of Anatomy of the Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval.
Vascular engineering of the vertebral venous drainage system
Authors: Greenberg Stephen R. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe recent distribution infra‐cranial distribution of malignant cerebral neoplasms has prompted a search for possible routes to explain such spread. The intimate connections of the intracerebral veins with the vertebral venous system, the close proximity of cerebral neoplasms to the ventricular system, and the postural hemodynamics of a largely valveless drainage system have all added another dimension to the vertebral venous circulation described by Batson. This flow pattern ascended from the sacrum to the skull. An inferior “reverse” flow is now proposed by which neoplastic cells may extend into the cervical and mediastinal lymph nodes, breast, liver, or lung.
Carpal kinematics and instability: A clinical and anatomic primer
Authors: Amadio Peter C. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe complex anatomy of the wrist can be difficult to comprehend, and concepts of normal and abnormal motion may be difficult to convey to students. A conceptual framework may aid understanding in this difficult area. The key concept is that of the proximal carpal row as an intercalated segment stabilized by ligaments. On this foundation are added concepts of normal, synchronous, proximal row movement and analysis of abnormal movements. Abnormal movements are characterized by their direction and severity. The final step in analysis is localization of ligament abnormality, determining first the general class of ligament injured (extra‐articular/intra‐articular), then the specific location (proximal/distal, medial/lateral, anterior/posterior), and finally the specific ligament name.
Review of prophylactic knee bracing in athletes: Does it work?
Authors: Schneider Lawrence K. , Fogel Joseph P. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractReview of the literature, primarily articles published in the last few years, revealed that the subject of prophylactic (protective) knee bracing in athletes is highly complex and controversial. Published results of studies on knee bracing strongly suggest that it is ineffective in preventing ligamentous knee injuries, that it is time‐consuming and often expensive, and most dramatically that it may contribute to a higher incidence of injury than when no external support is applied to healthy knees. Possible reasons for this include placing undue stress on the MCL (preloading), especially in varus knees, twisting or slipping of the brace during use, and changing directions of force as the knee moves during impact. Functional and rehabilitative knee braces, on the other hand, seem to have almost universal approval when combined with physical therapy and conditioning designed to prevent recurrence of knee injuries. The authors conclude that a need exists for effective prophylactic knee bracing and believe that, with continuing research, improved design, and rigorous testing, achieving this goal is possible.
Study of the mandibulo‐stylohyoid ligament
Authors: Jovanovic M.‐S. , Royer J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe mandibulo‐stylohyoid ligament is a consistent large ligament that extends from the angle of the mandible to the stylohyoid ligament, with prolongations in the direction of the stylohyoid, posterior belly of the digastric and sternocleidomastoid muscles. The ligament partly separates the submandibular from the parotid gland. It is believed that this ligament should be included in anatomy textbooks, as it is important in both the clinical and surgical anatomic fields.
Septum in the external jugular vein
Authors: Kuchina Nona , Paz Zvia 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWe examined 70 external jugular veins from 35 cadavers. In six veins we observed a septum, 6–25 mm long, which completely divided the lumen of the vein. The septum, which has not been previously described, was located approximately 5 cm superior to the vein's termination into the subclavian vein. Histologically, the septum is composed of tunica intima and tunica media in contrast to venous valves which are composed of tunica intima only.
The quest for the deciphering stone—“How do I study for this course?”: Suggestions on how to approach medical gross anatomy
Authors: Dalley Arthur F. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractFaculty are frequently asked, “How do I study for this course?” Many have formulated responses, but often there is little sharing of this wisdom among faculty, and students may receive different and often conflicting suggestions from each faculty member they encounter. Although most students believe their study problems are unique, we have found students encounter typical pitfalls as they “learn how to learn” gross anatomy. This paper will describe a six‐step Suggested Learning Plan for a dissection course in gross anatomy and its rationale, as well as other pertinent advice our students have found beneficial in making the transition from failing or “just getting by” to doing well and feeling confident about gross anatomy.
Total microvasculature in insula and caudate nucleus following occlusion of middle cerebral artery in monkeys
Authors: Theodore Deepa R. , Meier‐Ruge W. , Abraham Jacob 
Published: February 2005

AbstractTotal microvasculature of insula and caudate nucleus of 36 monkeys following right middle cerebral artery occlusion was subjected to a sequential morphometric analysis with Leitz ASBA image analysis system. Total microvasculature comprising perfused functional and nonperfused reserve parts was visualized by staining alkaline phosphatase activity in the vessel wall. Number, length, and volume of visualized microvasculature increased at 0.5, 4, and 12 hours in both areas and in addition to at 24 hours in the insular cortex. Diameter and area of the microvessels were increased at 4 hours in caudate and at 0.5, 4, and 12 hours in the insular cortex followed by a decrease at 48 hours and 2 weeks in both. The intermicrovascular distance was significantly increased at 48 hours and 2 weeks in caudate. In insula it had decreased significantly at four, 12 and 24 hours and 2 weeks and increased at 48 hours following occlusion.
Morphometric changes in perfused microvasculature in experimental focal cerebral ischemia in primates
Authors: Theodore Deepa R. , Meier‐Ruge W. , Abraham Jacob 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA significant reduction in perfused microvasculature in right caudate nucleus and right insular cortex was demonstrated in 22 monkeys at 0.5, 4, 12, 24, and 48 hours and 2 weeks following transorbital occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery (RMCA). The microvasculature was visualized by an india ink perfusion method and subjected to morphometric analysis with a Leitz ASBA image analysis system. The reduction in number, length, and changes in diameter of the microvessels visualized with india ink are discussed.
Scanning electron microscopic study of spinal arachnoid plaques
Authors: Wink Carole S. , Sarkar N. K. , Zimny Marilyn L. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractCalcified or ossified plaques within the spinal arachnoid membranes are often reported at autopsy and are occasionally incriminated as the cause of neurological symptoms in patients undergoing surgery. Histological studies of plaques have been done, but to our knowledge no studies using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) have been reported. In this study, portions of the spinal cord with plaques were removed from adult human cadavers in the dissecting laboratory and processed for SEM and energy‐dispersive x‐ray analysis (EDAX). The surfaces of the plaques appeared to be fibrous in some areas, studded with irregularly shaped projections or nodules in others, and smooth in yet other areas. Cells were seen in lacunae‐like depressions on the surfaces of some plaques and EDAX revealed the presence of calcium on and near the cells. In some areas calcium and phosphorus were both detected, but not in the ratios seen in bone. No calcium was seen on smooth or fibrous areas. It is suggested that the plaques sampled in this study were composed largely of fibrous tissue encrusted in some areas with calcium salts. There was no evidence that any of the plaques contained bone.
Normal variations of the lumbar facet joint capsules
Authors: Xu Guang‐Li , Haughton Victor M. , Yu Shiwei , Carrera Guillermo F. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe anatomy and variations of the lumbar facet joint capsules have not been described in detail. Fifty lumbar cadaver facet joints were studied with cryomicrotomy. The axial sections were analyzed to describe the normal appearance of the facet joint capsule. In the majority of cases the facet joint capsule extended beyond the confines of the borders of the facet joint proper. The most common patterns were extensions along the inferior articular process near the dorsal or along the inferior or superior articular process in the ventral aspect of the joint. The study extends previous anatomic studies on the facet joint capsule.
Modulation of bone growth and remodeling by the sympathetic nervous system: Review of experimental and clinical studies
Authors: Herskovits Mark S. , Sandhu Harinder S. , Singh Inder J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to review the interactions of the skeletal and sympathetic nervous systems during normal growth and function as well as in pathology. Clinical and experimental studies have shown that the sympathetic nervous system may play a role in the severity of arthritis and in bone lesions evident in reflex sympathetic dystrophy. In experimental animal studies, bone deposition and mineralization significantly decreased, while bone resorption was significantly increased after sympathectomy. The findings form a basis for understanding the effects of autonomic dysfunction on the skeleton and indicate areas in which further research may have implications for the treatment of skeletal disorders.
Ultrastructure of mast cells in human inferior nasal concha
Authors: Trotter C. M. , Hall G. H. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractTissue taken from 20 patients during inferior turbinectomy was examined to elucidate the ultrastructure of mast cells, previously studied histologically, when we had noted differences in their size, granule content and staining characteristics, in epithelium, superficial and deep tunica propria of nasal mucosa.This ultrastructural study revealed that intra‐epithelial mast cells were common, but often had fewer and more irregularly shaped granules than those in other areas. Mast cells were numerous in superficial tunica propria; they were small and spindle‐shaped, with relatively few roundish granules, and appeared motile. Those in deeper tunica propria were larger and round or ovoid, with many roundish granules. The deeply located cells were fewer and often totally surrounded by large areas of collagen fibers. Association of mast cells with other cells was frequently noted, particularly in superficial layers, often with attenuated processes of fibroblasts and also frequently with one or more plasma cells or another mast cell.Although mast cells and unmyelinated or myelinated nerve were frequently seen in close association, specialized nerve endings were never observed.The distribution of mast cells and their granule characteristics correlates well with our earlier published histological observations.
Trochanteric branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery and its possible role as a vascular pedicle bone graft
Authors: Bradnock B. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThis paper discusses the trochanteric branch of the ascending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery which has been demonstrated in 42 cadavers, and the possible utilization of the greater trochanter as a vascularized bone graft.
A unique case of inguinal appendicitis?
Authors: Lanigan Dermot J. , Lee T. C. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAn 81 year old man who had a reducible right inguinal hernia for 40 years presented with a 4 day history of irreducibility and a 2 day history of tenderness in his hernial sac. At operation a gangrenous appendix was found in the inguinal canal lateral to and outside the sac of an indirect hernia. This condition has not previously been described.
The development of the ligament of the head of the femur
Authors: Brewster S. F. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe hip joints of 30 human male and female fetuses and stillborns between 20 mm and 350 mm crown‐rump length were studied by light microscopy.The ligament of the head of the femur developed in situ as a condensation of mesenchyme at the end of the second month of intra‐uterine life (IUL), and was vascularized by branches of acetabular vessels early in the fourth month. In the majority of fetuses older than 5.5 months IUL, vessels in the ligament passed a short way into the femoral head within cartilage canals, to supply a small region around the fovea capitis. The remainder of the head was supplied by vessels in canals from around the upper part of the neck.The ligament changed from predominantly cellular to fibrous during the last 4 months of IUL. This increase in strength suggested significant mechanical functions in utero: limitation of adduction‐flexion and opposition to postero‐superior dislocation were the most likely.
Quantitative analysis of the intrinsic muscles of the hand
Authors: Linscheid Ronald L. , An Kai‐Nan , Gross R. Michael 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAs part of a study involving three‐dimensional modeling of the hand, the intrinsic muscles of the hand were evaluated quantitatively to estimate the range of muscular forces crossing the fingers. The Brand method of dissection allowed determination of muscle volume, fiber length, and physiologic cross section to estimate the maximal force. The intrinsic muscles were grouped by components on the basis of their origins in the trilaminar scheme of Cunningham as (1) dorsal abductors from the central ray, exemplified by the bipennate dorsal interossei; (2) the intermediate layer consisting of inter‐phalangeal joint extensors, exemplified by the unipennate palmar interossei with insertions into the extensor expansion; and (3) a superficial layer of adductors arising from the third metacarpal ridge, referred to as contrahentes.The fiber lengths of either component of the dorsal interossei averaged 1.3 cm. The intermediate layer of muscle, numbered as flexores breves (FB), included the palmar interossei FB4,7,9; the superficial components of the dorsal interossei FB3,5,6,8; and the accessory adductor pollicis FB2. Fiber lengths averaged 1.7 cm. The superficial heads of the flexor pollicis brevis and abductor digiti quinti are possibly the border representations of the intermediate layer as FB1 and FB10. The thenar muscles made up 37%, dorsal interossei 24%, palmar interossei (flexores breves) of the fingers 16%, lumbricals 7%, and hypothenar muscles 16% of the total intrinsic muscle mass.The ratio of muscle mass to fiber length, the physiologic cross‐sectional area, is useful in estimating available force.This quantitative analysis of the intrinsic musculature may find application in the understanding of hand function and biomechanics.
Extraspinal course of the fifth lumbar spinal nerve: An update of its topographical relationships
Authors: Amonoo‐Kuofi H. S. , El‐Badawi M. G. , Fatani J. A. , Butt M. M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe fifth lumbar spinal nerve traverses a highly mobile transitional junction of the vertebral column. Evidence suggests that it is often implicated in the etiology of low‐back pain, notably in entrapment syndromes. There appears to be a high incidence of unsuccessful attempts at surgical decompression in cases of suspected entrapment of the nerve, suggesting that perhaps the anatomical information on the topography of the nerve is incomplete. The present study examined the course and relations of the fifth lumbar spinal nerve by gross dissection of human cadaveric material. The results showed that the nerve and its subdivisions follow a complex, tortuous course as they cross the lumbosacral junction. The trunk and ventral and dorsal rami are all related to strong ligaments that are thought to be protective. The nearness of these nerves to ligaments in such an area of high mobility, however, predisposes them to impingement or entrapment in the event of joint or ligamentous pathology. It is suggested therefore that investigations of spondylogenic low‐back pain should include a detailed evaluation of the status of all parts of the fifth lumbar spinal nerve as they traverse their individual osteoligamentous compartments.