bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of global and local sensitivity techniques for rate constants determined using complex reaction mechanisms
Authors: Scire James J. , Dryer Frederick L. , Yetter Richard A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMany rate constant measurements, including some “direct” measurements, involve fitting a complex reaction mechanism to experimental data. Two techniques for estimating the error in such measurements were compared. In the first technique, local first‐order elementary sensitivities were used to rapidly estimate the sensitivity of the fitted rate constants to the remaining mechanism parameters. Our group and others have used this technique for error estimation and experimental design. However, the nonlinearity and strong coupling found in reaction mechanisms make verification against globally valid results desirable. Here, the local results were compared with analogous importance‐sampled Monte Carlo calculations in which the parameter values were distributed according to their uncertainties. Two of our published rate measurements were examined. The local uncertainty estimates were compared with Monte Carlo confidence intervals. The local sensitivity coefficients were compared with coefficients from first and second‐degree polynomial regressions over the whole parameter space. The first‐order uncertainty estimates were found to be sufficiently accurate for experimental design, but were subject to error in the presence of higher order sensitivities. In addition, global uncertainty estimates were found to narrow when the quality of the fit was used to weight the randomly distributed points. For final results, the global technique was found to provide efficient, accurate values without the assumptions inherent in the local analysis. The rigorous error estimates derived in this way were used to address literature criticism of one of the studies discussed here. Given its efficiency and the variety of problems it can detect, the global technique could also be used to check local results during the experimental design phase. The global routine, coded using SENKIN, can easily be extended to different types of data, and therefore can serve as a valuable tool for assessing error in rate constants determined using complex mechanisms. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 33: 784–802, 2001
Saving the gash delta, Sudan
Authors: Kirkby J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article looks at a seasonal river flooded irrigation system in eastern Sudan called the Gash Delta. The Gash Delta, as an irrigation system, has been managed since the 1900s, firstly by the Anglo‐Egyptian colonial administration and currently by the Gash Delta Agricultural Corporation (GDAC). The Gash Delta supports a range of ethnic groups who have a diversity of production strategies, some of which are more successful than others. Since the 1980s, there has been a recognition of a breakdown of the irrigation system, illustrated by the declining surface areas available for agriculture and a general degradation of the physical production base. This has had negative impacts on the ethnic groups who rely on the Gash Delta for subsistence and livelihood. This paper examines the process of degradation and the looks at the possibility for rehabilitating the Gash Delta. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shape retention in porcine‐septal cartilage following Nd:YAG (λ = 1.32 μm) laser‐mediated reshaping
Authors: Gray Darren S , Kimball Joey A. , Wong Brian J.F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and Objective:Photothermal heating of mechanically deformed cartilage accelerates stress relaxation and results in sustained shape change. In this study, shape retention was measured in Nd:YAG laser reshaped porcine septal cartilage.Materials and Methods:Specimens were laser reshaped either 4 (Group I) or 28 hours (Group II) following extraction from the crania. Specimens were bent into approximately semicircular shapes and irradiated half way between the endpoints of the semicircle. Resultant bend angle was calculated based on linear measurements. Shape retention was calculated by comparing resultant curvature with pre‐irradiation measurements.Results:Mechanical deformation alone resulted in initial bend angles varying from 188° to 229°. Resultant bend angles varied from 84° to 194° corresponding to shape retention varying from 58 to 75%. Non‐irradiated cartilage retained less than 46% of the original bend. Shape retention was greater in Group II, compared to Group I. In Group I, no cephalocranial difference in shape retention was observed, though in Group II greater shape retention was observed in rostral specimens.Conclusion:While laser heating does significantly reshape cartilage, clinical use of this technology will require “overbending” of the cartilage graft to compensate for this memory effect. The degree of overbending is likely to vary with cartilage type and location. Lasers Surg. Med. 29:160–164, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Xanthelasma palpebrarum: Treatment with the erbium:YAG laser
Authors: Borelli Claudia , Kaudewitz Peter 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveXanthelasma palpebrarum presents a therapeutic and aesthetic challenge because of its high visibility and frequent rate of recurrence with a wide variety of treatments. Many patients are disappointed by an initial unsuccessful treatment and fail to return for further therapy until the skin problem has become quite conspicuous. A simple treatment with few side effects and good acceptance remains an important goal.Study Design/Materials and MethodsFifteen patients with a total of 33 xanthelasma lesions, were treated by an erbium:YAG laser. The follow‐up period of observation was between seven and twelve months.ResultsAll lesions were removed without hyperpigmentation or scarring.ConclusionsThe erbium:YAG laser represents an effective means for treating xanthelasmas with few side effects. Lasers Surg. Med. 29:260–264, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence in marketing channels: A sense‐making investigation
Authors: Hopkinson Gillian C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe article compares cognitivist and constructionist approaches to organizational sense making. Following constructionist theory, linguistic analysis is applied to two narratives told by car dealers. The stories are about one incident in their marketing network. The narrative interpretation relates the degree of influence each narrator seeks to the way each makes sense of the network and constructs the network in their story. Whilst the article argues that structural factors in a network or channel and ways of sense making may be related, it highlights the importance to channel managers of an understanding of ways of sense making. Attempts to address actions within the channel must resonate with the existing sense making of channel actors. The contribution and the challenge of a sense‐making perspective to extant channel theory are discussed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The influence of gender on the new‐age elderly's consumption orientation
Authors: Sherman Elaine , Schiffman Leon G. , Mathur Anil 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article offers some fresh insights on the richness of cognitive age as it is implicitly embodied as part of the conceptual and operational definition of the New‐Age Elderly (and their counterpart—the Traditional Elderly). First, the research provides evidence of the reliability and validity of the NAVO scale, a relatively new measurement instrument, designed to identify the New‐Age Elderly consumer. Then, as an important piece of new learning, the article explores the influence of gender on older consumers' consumption orientations. Among other things, the research indicates that older women (as compared to older men) seem to be more price conscious and more responsive to retail special and incentives, that they are more adventurous, and that they generally possess more market‐relevant knowledge in the form of shopping smarts. Still further, the research reveals that both New‐Age Elderly men and New‐Age Elderly women tend to be more optimistic about their financial situations than their Traditional Elderly counterparts. The article ends by offering suggestions relevant to the need for specific future research, and the potential marketing strategy implications of the research. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Molecular characterization of the loss of p75NTR expression in human prostate tumor cells
Authors: Krygier Scott , Djakiew Daniel 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe low‐affinity nerve growth factor receptor p75NTR is a 75‐kDa glycoprotein that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily and has been implicated in the induction of apoptosis in various tissues and cell lines. Immunohistochemistry on tissue sections from radical prostatectomies has shown that expression of p75NTR is limited to the epithelial cells. Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses have also shown a progressive loss of p75NTR expression in prostate epithelial cells during the malignant progression of organ‐confined adenocarcinomas, with complete loss of expression in the naturally occurring prostate tumor cell lines DU‐145, PC‐3, LNCaP, and TSU‐pr1, which were derived from metastases. Reintroduction of p75NTR expression into the TSU‐pr1 tumor cell line was shown to reestablish the ability of these cells to undergo p75NTR‐mediated apoptosis. It is not known whether this loss of expression is due to deletion of part or the entire p75NTR gene or to other factors. Through the use of southern blotting and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we showed that loss of p75NTR protein expression was not due to deletion or loss of the gene. Furthermore, through reverse transcription–PCR, RNase protection, and the chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, we showed that transcription of the p75NTR gene occurred in these prostate tumor cell lines. Finally, through transient transfection using two constructs of p75NTR, one containing the full 2‐kb 3′ untranslated region and one that contains only a few hundred bases of the 3′ untranslated region (UTR), we showed that the 3′ UTR may have a role in the loss of p75NTR expression in prostate cancer. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Automated capillary liquid chromatography for high sensitivity amino acid monitoring
Authors: Boyd Brendan W. , Kennedy Robert T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn automated method for determination of trace level amino acids in 2‐μL samples using on‐column sample preconcentration, gradient elution on 50‐μm inner diameter (i.d.) capillary columns packed with 5‐μm reversed‐phase particles, and electrochemical detection is described. The 50‐μm i.d. capillary columns were efficiently coupled directly to an autosampler without increasing zone dispersion by preconcentrating derivatized amino acids at the head of the capillary column and minimizing gradient dwell volume. Using this system, the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of retention time for a 16 component amino acid mixture were between 0.2 and 0.8%. Using an automated microinjection method, as little as 0.3 μL of derivatized sample was consumed to perform a 0.25‐μL injection with peak area RSDs of 3.0‐8.4%, allowing conservation of a majority of the derivatized sample for future analysis. Precision was improved to peak area RSDs of 1.8–4.1% when consuming 1.0 μL of sample per injection. Detection limits were <0.2 nM for most amino acids. The linear solvent strength theory was used to optimize the gradient and allowed resolution of 15 amino acids in 13 min. The final gradient separation was demonstrated to be selective for the neurotransmitter amino acids in the presence of 44 primary amines commonly found in physiological samples. The system was used to characterize amino acid secretion from single pancreatic islets of Langerhans under different physiological conditions with 2 min of temporal resolution. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 13: 24–32, 2001
Long‐term safety and efficacy of unilateral deep brain stimulation of the thalamus in essential tremor
Authors: Koller William C. , Lyons Kelly E. , Wilkinson Steven B. , Troster Alexander I. , Pahwa Rajesh 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOur objective was to investigate the long‐term safety and efficacy of unilateral deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the VIM nucleus of the thalamus in essential tremor. Forty‐nine patients were evaluated for DBS between December 1993 and March 1998. Tremor was assessed by a clinical rating scale at 3 and 12 months and then yearly. Three patients were not implanted, seven were explanted prior to 24 months, 11 were lost to long‐term follow‐up, and three died from unrelated causes. Twenty‐five patients were evaluated with follow‐up greater than or equal to 2 years. The last postsurgical follow‐up occurred on average 40.2 ± 14.7 months after surgery. Tremor scores were significantly improved with stimulation on at the long‐term follow‐up as compared to baseline. There was no change in tremor scores from baseline to long‐term follow‐up with stimulation off. There was no significant change in any stimulus parameters from 3 months to the long‐term follow‐up. Three patients had asymptomatic intracerebral hemorrhages and one patient had postoperative seizures. Stimulus‐related adverse reactions were mild and easily controlled with changes in stimulus parameters. Device‐related complications were common and required repeated surgical procedures. Unilateral DBS of the thalamus has long‐term efficacy in some patients for treatment of essential tremor. However, this therapy is compromised by loss of efficacy in some patients and device complications which increase the risk of additional surgical procedures. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Case of essential palatal tremor: Atypical features and remarkable benefit from botulinum toxin injection
Authors: Cho JinWhan , Chu Kon , Jeon Beom S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe describe a 21‐year‐old man with essential palatal tremor. The patient had rhythmic contractions not only of tensor veli palatini but also of facial, lingual, temporalis, pharyngeal, and neck muscles. He had some voluntary control of palatal tremor and ear clicks. He was treated with 5 units of botulinum toxin‐A (BOTOX®) injected into each tensor veli palatini, and had complete resolution of all the symptoms.
Voluntary palatal tremor is associated with hyperactivation of the inferior olive: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Nitschke Matthias F. , Krüger Gunnar , Bruhn Harald , Klein Christine , Gehrking Eckart , Wessel Karl , Frahm Jens , Vieregge Peter 
Published: August 2002

AbstractVoluntary palatal tremor in a patient with essential palatal tremor induced activation predominantly within regions corresponding to the inferior olive, adjacent brainstem, and dentate nuclei. Finger movements elicited only ipsilateral lobular cerebellar activation, suggesting a dysfunctional nuclear activation by palatal tremor. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Spontaneously changing muscular activation pattern in patients with cervical dystonia
Authors: Münchau A. , Filipovic S.R. , Oester‐Barkey A. , Quinn N.P. , Rothwell J.C. , Bhatia K.P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine stability of the neck muscle activation pattern in a given dystonic head position in patients with cervical dystonia (CD). We assessed 26 patients with CD and botulinum toxin (BT) treatment failure before surgical denervation. None of them had received BT injections for at least 4 months. To relate dystonic head position to underlying neck muscle activity, we used synchronised video and poly‐electromyographic (EMG) recording over a period of 10 minutes. The muscle activation pattern during constant (“stable”) maximal dystonic excursions was analysed. EMG data of nine patients was excluded from the analysis, as these patients had a constantly changing head position or marked head tremor. In the remaining 17 patients, who had a fairly stable dystonic position, muscular activation patterns during the recording spontaneously changed in nine (Group A) while in eight it remained stable (Group B). There was no significant difference in demographic variables between the two groups other than a male predominance in Group A. However, the retrospectively determined initial response to BT treatment (before BT treatment failure had occurred) was significantly worse in Group A as compared with Group B. Neck muscle activation patterns can spontaneously change in CD patients despite constant dystonic head position, implying an inherent variability of the underlying central motor program in some patients. This should be considered when BT treatment response is unsatisfactory, and should also be taken into account when interpreting results of EMG recordings of neck muscles in these patients. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Levodopa‐induced dyskinesias and continuous subcutaneous infusions of apomorphine: Results of a two‐year, prospective follow‐up
Authors: Kaňovský Petr , Kubová Dagmar , Bareš Martin , Hortová Hana , Streitová Hana , Rektor Ivan , Znojil Vladimír 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTwelve patients with levodopa‐induced dyskinesias were treated with continuous subcutaneous apomorphine. A markedly significant reduction in peak dose dyskinesias occurred over a two‐year follow‐up. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society
Multi‐channel orbicularis oculi stimulation to restore eye‐blink function in facial paralysis
Authors: Somia Naveen N. , Zonnevijlle Erik D. , Stremel Richard W. , Maldonado Claudio , Gossman M. Douglas , Barker John H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFacial paralysis due to facial nerve injury results in the loss of function of the muscles of the hemiface. The most serious complication in extreme cases is the loss of vision. In this study, we compared the effectiveness of single‐ and multiple‐channel electrical stimulation to restore a complete and cosmetically acceptable eye blink. We established bilateral orbicularis oculi muscle (OOM) paralysis in eight dogs; the OOM of one side was directly stimulated using single‐channel electrical stimulation and the opposite side was stimulated using multi‐channel electrical stimulation. The changes in the palpebral fissure and complete palpebral closure were measured. The difference in current intensities between the multi‐channel and single‐channel simulation groups was significant, while only multi‐channel stimulation produced complete eyelid closure. The latest electronic stimulation circuitry with high‐quality implantable electrodes will make it possible to regulate precisely OOM contractions and thus generate complete and cosmetically acceptable eye‐blink motion in patients with facial paralysis. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 21:264–270 2001
Combined carotid arteries–aortic arch transplantation in rats: Development of a new microsurgical model
Authors: Zhang Xing‐Yi , Sun Cheuk‐Kwan , Wang Rong‐You 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA new microsurgical model of combined carotid arteries–aortic arch transplantation in the rat is described. In this model, the combined carotid arteries–aortic arch were harvested and end‐to‐end anastomosed to the recipient's right carotid artery using a sleeve anastomosis technique. The total graft ischemia time and in particular the time required to perform the arterial anastomoses was significantly reduced. No surgical failure was encountered. Ten‐day graft patency was 100% (15/15). Our study results demonstrated that the sleeve anastomosis technique for combined carotid arteries–aortic arch transplantation in the rat is fast and easy to perform and has a high rate of success. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 21:325–328 2001
Retrospective of the replantation of severed limbs in the People's Republic of China: Current status and prospects
Authors: Zhang Jian , Chen Zhong Wei 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThirty‐eight years have past since Chinese surgeons first reported the successful replantation of a severed limb. The following article reports the current status of replantation surgery in the People's Republic of China, addresses issues of complex replantation and reconstruction of severed limbs, &&num;4;and discusses future prospects and implications for replantation microsurgery. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss Inc. MICROSURGERY 22:39–43, 2002 DOI 10.1002/micr.22007
A limiting absorption principle for scattering problems with unbounded obstacles
Authors: Bonnet‐Bendhia Anne‐Sophie , Tillequin Axel 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA generalized mode matching method that applies to a wide class of scattering problems is developed in the time harmonic two‐dimensional Helmholtz case. This method leads by variational means to an integro‐differential formulation whose unknown is the trace of the field on an unbounded one‐dimensional interface. The well‐posedness is proved after a careful study of the rather original functional framework. Owing to a fundamental density result—based upon some properties of a singular integral operator similar to the Hilbert transform—the limiting absorption principle related to this original formulation is established. Finally, two other situations are emphasized. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coalescence and breakage processes
Authors: Walker Christoph 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe extend a model for coalescence and breakage of liquid–liquid dispersions proposed by Fasano/Rosso. The main feature is that the experimentally observed fact of a maximal droplet mass is taken into account. Our model includes spontaneous breakage as well as collisional fragmentation. Existence and uniqueness of solutions is proved and the long‐time behaviour is investigated. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Miniature orthogonal mode transducer with high isolation
Authors: Che Wenquan , Yung E. K. N. , Sha Kan , Wen Junding 
Published: August 2002

AbstractExperimental results of a C‐band miniature orthogonal mode transducer (OMT) designed with the finite‐element method are presented. The VSWR characteristics are good; the isolation is rather high, which can reach 60 dB at some frequencies. Compared with the traditional OMT, the volume has been decreased by 20%. An efficient method has also been employed to adjust the center frequency within the range of 11.3%, which has been verified by experiments. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 1–3, 2002.
Slot‐coupled square microstrip antenna for compact dual‐frequency operation
Authors: Binoy G. S. , Aanandan C. K. , Mohanan P. , Vasudevan K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA novel dual‐frequency design of a square microstrip antenna coaxially fed along the diagonal with a chip capacitor mounted at the bottom of the stub is introduced. This design provides enhanced area reduction and good cross‐polarization levels. The antenna design can be used as a compact antenna system where limited size is a major requirement. The details of the antenna design and experimental results are presented. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 7–9, 2002.
A microstrip patch resonator with a via connecting ground plane
Authors: Yan Zhongyou 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA patch resonator with a via connecting ground plane is proposed and studied experimentally. The resonant frequency of this patch resonator is tunable up to about 34% by adjusting the via position in the center line. The lowest resonant frequency of this patch resonator has been reduced by more than 64% of the same size patch resonator without a via being used. The unloaded, radiation Q‐factors have been investigated due to the different positions of the via. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 9–11, 2002.