bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intra‐arterial infusion of 5‐fluorouracil, leucovorin and cisplatin for primary adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder*
Authors: Awakura Yasuo , Yamamoto Masakazu , Fukuzawa Shigeki , Nonomura Mitsuo , Fukuyama Takuo 
Published: March 2003

Background
: Primary invasive adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder was diagnosed in a 59‐year‐old man with a 6‐month history of macrohematuria.
Methods
: He was treated with intra‐arterial infusion of 5‐fluorouracil, leucovorin and cisplatin and underwent radical cystectomy and construction of ileal conduit.
Results
: The pathologic examination of the specimen revealed no viable malignant cells.
Conclusion
: 5‐Fluorouracil combined with leucovorin and/or cisplatin has been used in the treatment of gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma and may be useful in primary adenocarcinoma of the bladder.
A case of urethral recurrence found 15 years after radical cystectomy
Authors: Sakai Naoki , Yamada Tetsuo , Asao Takeshi , Murayama Tetsuo 
Published: March 2003

Purpose
: A case of a urethral recurrence found 15 years after radical cystectomy is reported.
Methods/Results
: A 78‐year‐old man, who had undergone radical cystectomy at age 63, presented with urethral bleeding and positive cytology in urethral washing. The urethra was surgically resected. Pathologic examination revealed transitional cell carcinoma located in the distal and mid portion of the penile urethra.
Conclusion
: Evidence suggested that urethral recurrence resulted from the implantation from the primary bladder tumor; in addition, the urethral neoplasm had scarcely grown in the penile urethra for 15 years.
Chromosomal variants among 1790 infertile men
Authors: Nakamura Yoshihiro , Kitamura Masaya , Nishimura Kenji , Koga Minoru , Kondoh Nobuyuki , Takeyama Masami , Matsumiya Kiyomi , Okuyama Akihiko 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Background:
The largest cytogenetic survey involving infertile men was undertaken to clarify whether chromosomal abnormalities, including autosomal abnormalities, affect semen qualities.
Method:
All male patients who visited an infertility clinic from 1990 to 1998 underwent chromosomal and semen analysis.Results: Chromosomal abnormalities were found in 225 of 1790 patients (12.6%). The most frequent anomaly was Klinefelter syndrome (64 cases). Autosomal anomalies accounted for 126 cases. 46,XY,1qh(+) was the most common autosomal anomaly (30 cases) and its incidence was significantly higher than those of normal controls. The seminograms of these patients varied widely, with nine patients having azoospermia and three patients achieving natural pregnancies. It is not yet clear if this karyotype affects spermatogenesis.
Conclusion:
Autosomal anomalies as well as sex chromosomal abnormalities might affect spermatogenesis. Cytogenetic study is important before intracytoplasmic sperm injection.
One‐stage repair of moderately severe hypospadias using a transverse preputial tubularized island flap
Authors: Hayashi Yutaro , Sasaki Shoichi , Kojima Yoshiyuki , Maruyama Tetsuji , Tozawa Keiichi , Mizuno Kentaro , Kohri Kenjiro 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: Transverse preputial tubularized island flap (TPTIF) urethroplasty has been used for the repair of moderately severe hypospadias since Duckett described the procedure in 1980. In spite of the excellent results reported by Duckett, subsequent studies showed high complication rates. A TPTIF procedure modified to reduce the complication rate is presented.Methods: Between 1996 and 1997, 13 boys with moderately severe hypospadias were repaired with the TPTIF procedure. Patient age ranged from 10 months to 3 years with an average age of 23 months. To prevent urethrocutaneous fistula, the neourethra was constructed with a two‐layer closure and the portion of anastomosis was wrapped between the native urethra and the neourethra with the tissue of the corpus spongiosum.Results: The moderately severe hypospadias was repaired without complication in 12 of 13 patients. A urethrocutaneous fistula developed at the midshaft of the penis in one patient. No meatal stenosis, urethral stricture or diverticulum developed.Conclusion: Transverse preputial tubularized island flap urethroplasty provided excellent cosmetic and functional results for moderately severe hypospadias, and postoperative complications could be decreased by the two‐layer closure of the neourethra and application of the wrapping technique of the proximal anastomosed portion with corpus spongiosum tissue.
Simultaneous bilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy in ACTH‐independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia
Authors: Shinbo Hitoshi , Suzuki Kazuo , Sato Takashi , Kageyama Shinji , Fujita Tomomi , Fujita Kimio 
Published: March 2003

AbstractLaparoscopic surgery for urological conditions has now become popular worldwide. The case is reported of a 56‐year‐old woman who underwent simultaneous bilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy for adrenocorticotropic hormone‐independent macronodular adrenocortical hyperplasia (AIMAH), followed by autotransplantation of resected adrenal gland fragments. Simultaneous laparoscopic adrenalectomies seem feasible for a patient with AIMAH because of its minimally invasive nature. However, autotransplantation of adrenal fragments failed in this patient with AIMAH.
GnRH analog, leuprorelin acetate, promotes regeneration of rat spermatogenesis after severe chemical damage
Authors: Udagawa Koichi , Ogawa Takehiko , Watanabe Takeshi , Yumura Yasushi , Takeda Mitsumasa , Hosaka Masahiko 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground:Future fertility is a major concern for cancer patients who undergo intensive chemotherapy. There has been controversy about whether hormonal treatments may have protective effects against the severe spermatogenic damage caused by chemotherapy or irradiation. Recently, it has been proposed that gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs administered after testicular damage stimulate the recovery of spermatogenesis. In this study, we have investigated the effects of GnRH agonist, leuprorelin, on the damage to spermatogenesis induced by busulfan.Methods:Fisher rats were treated with busulfan, 25 mg/kg, intraperitoneally. The effects of subcutaneous injections of leuprorelin before or after treatment were evaluated histologically 18 weeks later.Results:The percentage of ‘recovered’ seminiferous tubules was 27.7 ± 12.6% in control rats without leuprorelin and 26.9 ± 10.2% in rats with leuprorelin injected 4 weeks before busulfan. Rats in both groups showed poor recovery of spermatogenesis with an increase of intratesticular fluid. However, rats treated with leuprorelin three times (4 weeks apart) after busulfan showed an improvement of up to 56.5 ± 12.0% (P < 0.05). A focal but massive necrotic lesion in the testis was observed only in this group of rats.Conclusions:The results demonstrated that leuprorelin administered after chemical testicular damage enhanced the recovery of spermatogenesis. At the same time, a possible significant side‐effect of leuprorelin was noted.
Report of a 45, X male with monoorchism and distal hypospadias
Authors: Zhou Yun , Zhang Ya , He Jun 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe present the rare case of a 5‐year‐old boy with a 45, X karyotype. The boy’s family pedigree analysis was unremarkable. On admission, he was 97.4 cm tall (2.0 SD below normal references) and weighed 13.9 kg (1.0 SD below normal references). Mild mental retardation was suspected on the PPVT scale. Physical examination revealed a well‐developed penis with subglanular hypospadias. His left testis was located well down at the bottom of the scrotum and the right testis was impalpable. Unilateral testicular agenesis and persistence of müllerian remnants within the hernia sac were noted on the previous records of inguinal exploration on the right side. The left testis was biopsied through a scrotal incision and prepubertal testicular tissue was confirmed. No ovary was found on laparotomy exploration. Hypospadias was repaired with meatal advancement and glanuloplasty (MAGPI) urethroplasty. His postoperative course was uneventful. Our report represents a rare case of a boy with a 45, X karyotype. Current theories for testicular development were reviewed.
Clinical study of transitional cell carcinoma of the prostate associated with bladder transitional cell carcinoma
Authors: HONDA NOBUAKI , YAMADA YOSHIAKI , OKADA MASAKI , AOKI SHIGEYUKI , KAMIJYO AYUMI , TAKI TOMOHIRO , MITSUI KENJI , HIBI HATSUKI , FUKATSU HIDETOSHI 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Background: Transitional cell carcinoma of the prostate in patients with bladder cancer appears to influence the prognosis and affects the decision about therapeutic modality. Therefore, it is important to characterize transitional cell carcinoma associated with bladder cancer.Methods: From April 1980 to December 1998, 81 male patients underwent total cystoprostatectomies for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. The 81 cystoprostatectomy specimens were examined to clarify the characteristics of prostatic involvement by transitional cell carcinoma. The extent, origin, mode of spread and risk factor of prostatic involvement as well as the prognosis were investigated. In 13 of 15 patients with prostatic involvement the prostate was examined by sequential step sections.Results: Prostatic involvement was observed in 15 of 81 patients (18.5%). Prostatic
urethral involvement, invasion to prostatic duct/acinus, prostatic stromal invasion
and extraprostatic extension and/or seminal vesicle involvement were recognized in
12 (80%), 14 (93.3%), six (40%), and five (33.3%)
of the 15 patients, respectively. Twelve of the 15 patients (80%) with prostatic
involvement had papillary or non‐papillary tumors (i.e. carcinoma in situ)
both in the prostatic urethra and prostatic duct. In 10 of these 12 patients (88.3%),
there was contiguity between prostatic urethral and ductal tumors. Seven of the 23
patients (30.4%) with carcinoma in situ of the bladder showed prostatic
involvement, which increased to 50% in the presence of carcinoma in situ of the trigone or bladder neck.Conclusions: Eighty per cent of the patients with prostatic involvement showed papillary or non‐papillary tumors both in the prostatic urethra and prostatic duct. There was a high level of contiguity between both tumors. Patients with carcinoma in situ of the trigone or bladder neck revealed significantly higher incidence of prostatic involvement.
Polytetrafluoroethylene patch sling for type 2 or type 3 stress urinary incontinence
Authors: YAMADA TAKUMI , KAMATA SHIGEYOSHI , NAGAHAMA KATSUSHI , ICHIYANAGI NOBUTAKA , HORIUCHI SUSUMU , SAITOH HIROSHI 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Background: Surgical success rates and complications of anti‐incontinence surgery were evaluated according to the type of stress incontinence and the type of surgery.Methods: From 1989 to 1998, we treated 137 women for stress urinary incontinence with anti‐incontinence surgery. Of the 137 patients, 110 had type 2 stress urinary incontinence and 27 had type 3 stress urinary incontinence. Of 110 patients with type 2 stress urinary incontinence, 57 underwent pubovaginal sling procedure and 53 were treated with the Gittes procedure. All of the patients with type 3 stress urinary incontinence underwent the pubovaginal sling procedure.Results: Cure rates with the pubovaginal sling procedure were 82% in type 2 incontinence and 70% in type 3 incontinence. Cure rates with the Gittes procedure were 56%. The occurrence of de novo urge symptom and pelvic pain was low and bore no relation to either operative method or type of stress incontinence.Conclusions: The pubovaginal sling procedure using the polytetrafluoroethylene patch was effective for type 2 or 3 stress urinary incontinence.
Endoscopic partial cystectomy for bladder leiomyoma using retroperitoneoscopic and transurethral procedures
Authors: MUROTA TAKASHI , KOMAI YOSHIHIRO , DANNO SHOZO , FUJITA ICHIRO , KAWAKITA MUTSUSHI , MATSUDA TADASHI 
Published: March 2003

AbstractRetroperitoneoscopic partial cystectomy was performed to remove a leiomyoma in the right wall of the bladder in a 58‐year‐old man. The tumor was initially circumscribed with a mucosal incision using a transurethral resectoscope, and once the bladder wall had been penetrated with the resectoscope, the remaining procedures were performed retroperitoneoscopically. The bladder wall was closed using a retroperitoneoscopic suturing technique. Endoscopic partial cystectomy using both a transurethral incision and a retroperitoneoscopic resection is technically feasible in the treatment of small bladder tumors.
Stable maintenance of 5α‐reductase activity in long‐term subcultures of fibroblasts derived from the foreskin
Authors: Nakae Kazumi , Tsuji Motomu , Kuraoka Tetsuro , Cho Sooilu , Cunha Gerald R. , Shima Hiroki 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: There is up to a 50‐fold variation in control subjects in current assays of 5α‐reductase activity which makes interpretation difficult. It was therefore attempted in this study to establish an assay method which produced stable 5α‐reductase activity in long‐term subcultured foreskin fibroblasts.Methods: Foreskin fibroblasts were obtained from three boys with phimosis (control subjects), three patients with Reifenstein syndrome and one patient with 5α‐reductase deficiency (due to mutation L113P in exon 2 of the SRD5A2 gene). To maximize the number of cells in the DNA synthesis phase, cells were subcultured consistently to approximately 70% confluency. Thawed cells, frozen after the third subculture, were incubated for 24 h with [1β,2β‐3H] testosterone. 5α‐Reductase activity was expressed as the sum of formed [3H] 5α‐reduced metabolites (separated by thin‐layer chromatography).Results: The full range of 5α‐reductase activity in controls and patients with Reifenstein syndrome was 3.44–15.59 pmol/h per mg protein: a 4.53‐fold variation. The activity in the patient with 5α‐ reductase deficiency was 0.52 pmol/h per mg protein.Conclusion: By the cell culture methods used in this study, which aimed to increase the number of cells in the DNA synthesis phase, foreskin fibroblasts maintained a considerably stable level of 5α‐reductase activity during long‐term subculture. Therefore, this assay method can be used for differential diagnosis of 5α‐reductase deficiency from other relevant entities.
Ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate associated with prostatic multilocular cyst
Authors: Matsui Yoshiyuki , Sugino Yoshio , Iwamura Hiroshi , Oka Hiroya , Fukuzawa Shigeki , Takeuchi Hideo 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA case is reported here of ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate forming a multilocular cyst, which responded well to androgen deprivation therapy.
Evidence‐based meta‐analysis of pharmacotherapy for benign prostatic hypertrophy
Authors: Ishizuka Osamu , Nishizawa Osamu , Hirao Yoshihiko , Ohshima Shinichi 
Published: March 2003

AbstractEvidence‐based diagnosis and treatment have been proposed recently in various medical fields. Evidence‐based diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH), one of the most common urological diseases, have been proposed in foreign countries. This paper examines common therapeutic drugs for BPH in Japan from the viewpoint of evidence‐based medicine (EBM).The term ‘BPH’ and drugs indicated for BPH were used as key words to search related articles in the PubMed website. A total of 813 articles extracted as of October 2001 were examined. The articles were ranked in levels ranging from I–V, where Level I indicated a large randomized controlled trial and Level V indicated a non‐controlled case accumulation study.Among the 813 articles extracted, 132 clinical articles were suitable for evaluation. There were many reliable articles on the effectiveness of α‐blockers. However, it seemed necessary to examine further how to choose the optimum α‐blocker for each clinical case and the combination of antiandrogen drugs with α‐blockers. It was also considered necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of drugs, such as eviprostat and hachimi‐jio‐gan, that are available only in Japan.The present study evaluated the effectiveness of commonly available therapeutic drugs for BPH in Japan from a viewpoint of EBM.
Clinical features of renal cell carcinoma less than 25 millimeters in diameter
Authors: YAMADA YOSHIAKI , HONDA NOBUAKI , MITSUI KENJI , HIBI HATSUKI , TAKI TOMOHIRO , KAMIJYOU AYUMI , AOKI SHIGEYUKI , ABE TOSHIO , KATO KEITARO , NAKAMURA KOGENTA , KOKUBO HIROTO , NARUSE KATSUYA , TOBIUME MOTOI , FUKATSU HIDETOSHI 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: We retrospectively investigated the clinicopathological features and prognosis of patients who underwent surgical treatment at our department for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) less than 25 mm in diameter.Methods: Of the 158 patients who underwent surgical treatment between April 1975 and April 1998, 16 (17 kidney, 10.1%) were included in this study. The study included 11 men and 5 women (ratio: 2.2). The age range was 35–76 years (average: age 53). The right kidney was involved in 9, left kidney in 6 and bilateral kidneys in 1 patient. The follow‐up period was 26–157 months (mean: 86 months).Results: Thirteen tumors (81.2%) were incidental carcinomas. No patients had a tumor of rapid growing type. Radical nephrectomy was performed for 12 kidneys (70.6%), simple nephrectomy for 2 (11.8%) and partial nephrectomy for 3 (17.8%). Seven patients (43.7%) received interferon‐α as postoperative adjuvant therapy. All tumors were pathologically classified as expansive type; 11 (64.8%) as clear cell carcinoma; 3 (17.6%) cyst‐associated, and 3 (17.6%) papillary. Nine (52.9%) tumors were grade 1, and 8 (47.1%) were grade 2. Fourteen patients were pNo and V(–). The 5‐ and 10‐year survival rates were excellent (100%).Conclusion: The features of small RCCs less than 25 mm were as follows: many tumors were incidental to clear cell carcinomas; all tumors were low grade, low stage and expansive type; no tumors showed acute phase reactants; and few tumors were of the solid type. Thus, the prognosis seemed to be excellent.
Retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy for juxtaglomerular cell tumor
Authors: WATANABE MASATO , SUGI MOTOHIKO , MUROTA TAKASHI , KAWAKITA MUTSUSHI , SAKAIDA NORIKO , OKAMURA AKIHARU , MATSUDA TADASHI 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe present a case of juxtaglomerular cell tumor (JGCT) in a 20‐year‐old woman. She presented with hypertension and elevated plasma renin activity. Computed tomography without enhancement by contrast medium detected a tumor at the center of the left kidney. Retroperitoneoscopic left nephrectomy was performed and postoperatively her blood pressure and plasma renin activity returned to normal. This is the first report of retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy performed for a JGCT.
The Australian and New Zealand cardiac pacing and implantable cardioverter–defibrillator survey: calendar year 1997
Authors: Mond H. G. , Whitlock R. M. L. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Background: A comprehensive pacemaker (PM) and implantable cardioverter–defibrillator (ICD) survey was undertaken in Australia (Aus) and New Zealand (NZ) for calendar year 1997. Results: Compared to the 1993 survey, significant increases in implantation numbers were recorded. For 1997, the total new PM implanted was 6405 Aus (3834 in 1993) and 823 NZ (530 in 1993). The number of new pacemaker implants per million population was 345 Aus (216 in 1993) and 228 NZ (150 in 1993). Implantation centres increased between surveys from 49 to 92 in Aus and from seven to eight in NZ. There were smaller increases in pacemaker replacements between surveys with 735 in Aus (700 in 1993) and 126 in NZ (82 in 1993). In both countries, pacemaker implants were performed predominantly by non‐surgeons. New recipients aged > 80 years were approximately 25% Aus and 30% NZ. The predominant indications were high degree atrio‐ventricular block and sick‐sinus syndrome in both Aus and NZ. Dual chamber implants were 65% Aus and 55% NZ. The median hospital stay was about 2 days in Aus and 1 day in NZ. Pacing leads were overwhelmingly transvenous, bipolar and tined in both chambers. They were inserted via a cephalic vein cutdown in approximately 40% of cases in Aus and 49% in NZ. For ICD, the implants were 449 Aus (180 in 1993) and 31 NZ (10 in 1993) with new implants per million population being 24 Aus and eight NZ. A breakdown of data for the six Aus States is presented. (Intern Med J 2001; 31: 267–271)
Current perspectives on BRCA1‐ and BRCA2‐associated breast cancers
Authors: Phillips K. A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe identification of two breast cancer predisposition genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, in the mid‐1990s has led to a better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of hereditary breast cancer and to a new era in breast cancer research. The present article reviews the current state of knowledge regarding the biology of BRCA1 and BRCA2, the cancer risks associated with carrying a pathogenic mutation in either of these genes and the possible genetic and environmental risk modifiers. The phenotypes of BRCA1‐ and BRCA2‐associated hereditary breast cancers are reviewed. Research into BRCA1‐ and BRCA2‐associated breast cancer is in its infancy and much remains to be learned, particularly about modifiers of genetic risk and the clinical implications of carrying a mutation in one of these two genes. Australia has an excellent research infrastructure in place, through the Australian Breast Cancer Family Study and the Kathleen Cuningham Foundation Consortium for Research into Familial Breast Cancer, to contribute substantially to future research in this area. (Intern Med J 2001; 31: 349–356)
Temozolomide‐induced flare in high‐grade gliomas: a new clinical entity
Authors: Rosenthal M. A. , Ashley D. L. , Cher L. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract A transient deterioration in neurological status following commencement of chemotherapy for high‐grade gliomas has not been previously described. We report eight cases of transient deterioration following administration of temozolomide, a relatively new cytotoxic agent used in the treatment of high‐grade gliomas. We believe this represents the novel clinical entity of temozolomide‐induced tumour flare. (Intern Med J 2002; 32: 346−348)
Adjuvant therapy for high‐risk primary and resected metastatic melanoma
Authors: Hersey P. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Patients with thick, primary melanoma and regional lymph‐node metastases are at moderate to high risk of recurrence and death, despite apparent complete surgical removal. Immune responses can be demonstrated against melanoma and this has prompted the conduct of a number of randomized trials of immunotherapy. Several trials have been completed and show minimal benefit in prolonging survival or recurrence from melanoma. Similarly, a large number of trials has been conducted to test the efficacy of α‐2‐interferon (IFN‐α2) in therapy. Clear benefit in recurrence‐free survival was shown in several trials, however there is a lack of convincing evidence of an effect on overall survival. Several trials of vaccine and IFN‐α2 therapy are still in progress and their results are awaited with great interest. The use of high‐dose IFN‐α2 therapy remains a contentious subject, however available evidence suggests the standard of care remains good surgical management. (Intern Med J 2003; 33: 31−41)