bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lab and Field Tests of a Low‐Cost 3‐Component Seismometer for Shallow Passive Seismic Applications
Authors: Arosio D. , Aguzzoli A. , Zanzi L. , Panzeri L. , Scaccabarozzi D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe performed laboratory tests and field surveys to evaluate the performance of a low‐cost 3‐component seismometer, consisting of three passive electromagnetic spring‐mass sensors, whose 4.5 Hz natural frequency is extended down to 0.5 Hz thanks to hyper damping. Both lab and field datasets show that the −3 dB band of the seismometer ranges approximately from 0.7 to 39 Hz, in agreement with the nominal specifications. Median magnitude frequency response curves obtained from processing field data indicate that lower corner of the −3 dB band could be extended down to 0.55 Hz and the nominal sensitivity may be overestimated. Lab results confirm the non‐linear behavior of the passive spring‐mass sensor expected for high‐level input signals (a few to tens of mm/s) and field data confirm relative timing accuracy is ±10 ms (1 sample). We found that absolute timing of data collected with USB GPS antennas can be affected by lag as large as +0.5 s. By testing two identical units, we noticed that there could be differences around 0.5 dB (i.e., about 6%) between the components of the same unit as well as between the same component of the two units. Considering shallow passive seismic applications and mainly focusing on unstable slope monitoring, our findings show that the tested seismometer is able to identify resonance frequencies of unstable rock pillars and to generate interferograms that can be processed to estimate subsurface velocity variations.
A Unique Vertical Structure of Quasi‐20‐sol Waves Observed by the MCS on the Martian Atmosphere
Authors: Gong Yun , Xiao Qiao , Ma Zheng , Zhang Shaodong , Zhou Qihou , Huang Chunming , Huang Kaiming 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this study, we report a two‐cell structure of quasi‐20‐sol waves (Q20SWs) in the Martian atmosphere and investigate its formation mechanism. The study is based on temperature data measured by the Mars Climate Sounder, and neutral wind and temperature data obtained from the Mars Global Circulation Model reanalysis data set. The two‐cell structure is observed before the winter solstice in a latitude range from 55°N to 65°N in three consecutive Mars years (MY, MY30‐32). The lower cell has a maximum amplitude of 9 K occurring at ∼25 km, while the magnitude of the upper cell is much smaller with a peak amplitude of 5 K appearing at ∼60 km. In the period from Ls180° to Ls270°, the peak amplitudes of the two cells are highly correlated with a correlation coefficient of 0.90, and the corresponding phases are shifted by ∼180°. The Eliassen‐Palm (EP) flux and the EP flux divergence of the Q20SWs, and the zonal‐wave available potential energy transfer between the zonal mean zonal flow and the Q20SWs are calculated. Our results suggest that the formation of the two‐cell structure is likely due to the combined effects of the wave sources, the upward propagation of the Q20SWs from the lower cell, and the available potential energy transfer between the zonal mean flow and the Q20SWs.
Four-year longitudinal associations of physical activity, waist circumference, and blood pressure in UK adolescents
Authors: Waterworth Sally P. , Kerr Catherine J. , McManus Christopher J. , Chung Henry C. , Shaw Brandon S. , Shaw Ina , Sandercock Gavin R. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
This study assessed the specific influence of physical activity (PA) and waist circumference (WC) on the 4-year growth trajectory of blood pressure in UK high-school students.

Methods
Four-year longitudinal monitoring of 1501 adolescents was conducted as part of the EoEHHS. Measurements were taken in Grades (G)7, 9, and 11.

Results
Systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) increased over the 4-year period (SBP G7 114.6 ± 8.9 mmHg, G9 118.1 ± 9.7 mmHg, G11 122.8 ± 7.8 mmHg; DBP G7 66.7 ± 6.6 mmHg, G9 68.0 ± 6.4 mmHg, G11 70.0 ± 5.2 mmHg). Baseline WC predicted baseline and growth in SBP, but the strongest contribution to SBP came from changes in WC (β = 0.084, p = 0.002). Baseline PAQ-A score (β = −0.822, p = 0.020) and changes in PAQ-A score (β = −0.650, p = 0.019) were associated with smaller increases in DBP over the 4-year measurement period.

Conclusions
Baseline and change in WC predicted the growth trajectory of SBP, while baseline and change in PA predicted the growth trajectory of DBP. PA and WC have a prognostic value in predicting changes in blood pressure in adolescents. Increasing PA during adolescence could slow the rise in DBP over time. This is meaningful for future hypertension and CVD risk reduction into adulthood.

Impact

Hypertension in adolescents is a growing health problem that is often overlooked.

Baseline and changes in waist circumference over a 4-year period predicted development of systolic blood pressure, while baseline and changes in physical activity predicted development of diastolic blood pressure.

Physical activity and waist circumference have a prognostic value in predicting changes in blood pressure in adolescents and could be valuable in planning programmes to prevent hypertension in similar communities and reduce the risk of future adult hypertension.
MEK inhibitors increase the mortality rate in mice with LPS-induced inflammation through IL-12-NO signaling
Authors: Hashimoto Ryota , Koide Hiroshi , Katoh Youichi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an endotoxin that can cause an acute inflammatory response. Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the most important innate immune system components and is synthesized by inducible NOS (iNOS) in macrophages in response to stimulation with LPS. LPS activates the RAS-RAF-mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase (MEK)-extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling cascade in macrophages. The purpose of this study was to examine how the combination of LPS and MEK inhibitors, which have been used as anticancer agents in recent years, affects inflammation. We showed that MEK inhibitors enhanced iNOS expression and NO production in LPS-stimulated mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. A MEK inhibitor increased the mortality rate in mice with LPS-induced inflammation. The expression of the cytokine interleukin-12 (IL-12) in macrophages was enhanced by the MEK inhibitor, as shown by a cytokine array and ELISA. IL-12 enhanced iNOS expression and NO production in response to LPS. We also showed that tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) was secreted by macrophage after stimulation with LPS and that TNF-α and IL-12 synergistically induced iNOS expression and NO production. An anti-IL-12 neutralizing antibody prevented NO production and mortality in an LPS-induced inflammation mouse model in the presence of a MEK inhibitor. These results suggest that the MEK inhibitor increases the mortality rate in mice with LPS-induced inflammation through IL-12-NO signaling.
DSE inhibits melanoma progression by regulating tumor immune cell infiltration and VCAN
Authors: Xia Lin , Feng Maoxiao , Ren Yidan , Hao Xiaodong , Jiao Qinlian , Xu QinChen , Wang Yunshan , Wang Qin , Gong Ningji 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDermatan sulfate epimerase (DSE) is a C5 epiminase that plays a key role in converting chondroitin sulfate into dermal sulfate. DSE is often upregulated during carcinogenesis of some types of cancer and can regulate growth factor signaling in cancer cells. However, the expression and function of DSE in human melanoma have not been reported. In this study, we investigated the influence of tumor-derived DSE in melanoma progression and the potential mechanism of their action. First, proteomic analysis of collected melanoma tissues revealed that DSE was significantly down-regulated in melanoma tissues. DSE silenced or overexpressed melanoma cells were constructed to detect the effect of DSE on melanoma cells, and it was found that the up-regulation of DSE significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of melanoma cells. Data analysis and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the immune subpopulations in tumors, and it was found that the high expression of DSE was closely related to the invasion of killer immune cells. Mechanistically, DSE promoted the expression of VCAN, which inhibited the biological activity of melanoma cells. Together, these results suggest that DSE is downregulated in melanoma tissues, and that high expression of DSE can promote melanoma progression by inducing immune cell infiltration and VCAN expression.
Rational engineering of high-entropy oxides for Li-ion battery anodes with finely tuned combustion syntheses
Authors: Shin Dongjoon , Chae Seunghoon , Park Seonghyun , Seo Byungseok , Choi Wonjoon 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHigh-entropy oxides (HEOs) are promising conversion-type anode materials for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to their excellent cycling stabilities and rate capabilities. However, the conventional syntheses and screening processes are time-consuming and complex and require phase and interfacial segregation of individual elements. Herein, we report a rational screening strategy for LIB anodes using precisely tunable HEOs fabricated by one-step combustion syntheses with different fuel-to-oxidizer ratios (φ). A slightly lean fuel mixture (φ-0.95) enabled a suitable temperature and non-reducing atmosphere for optimal HEO syntheses. This provided high crystallinity, perfectly homogeneous elemental distributions, and adequate pore structures without selective precipitation, whereas lower or higher fuel-to-oxidizer ratios resulted in excessively porous morphologies or elemental segregation. HEO-based anodes with φ-0.95 exhibited outstanding specific capacities (1165 mAh g−1, 80.9% retention at 0.1 A g−1, and 791 mAh g−1 even at 3 A g−1), excellent rate capabilities, and stable cycling lifetimes (1252 mAh g−1, 80.9% retention after 100 cycles at 0.2 A g−1). This design strategy will provide fascinating HEO electrodes that cannot be prepared with conventional fabrication methods.
A nanoscale view of the origin of boiling and its dynamics
Authors: Gallo Mirko , Magaletti Francesco , Georgoulas Anastasios , Marengo Marco , De Coninck Joel , Casciola Carlo Massimo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this work, we present a dynamical theory of boiling based on fluctuating hydrodynamics and the diffuse interface approach. The model is able to describe boiling from the stochastic nucleation up to the macroscopic bubble dynamics. It covers, with a modest computational cost, the mesoscale area from nano to micrometers, where most of the controversial observations related to the phenomenon originate. In particular, the role of wettability in the macroscopic observables of boiling is elucidated. In addition, by comparing the ideal case of boiling on ultra-smooth surfaces with a chemically heterogeneous wall, our results will definitively shed light on the puzzling low onset temperatures measured in experiments. Sporadic nanometric spots of hydrophobic wettability will be shown to be enough to trigger the nucleation at low superheat, significantly reducing the temperature of boiling onset, in line with experimental results. The proposed mesoscale approach constitutes the missing link between macroscopic approaches and molecular dynamics simulations and will open a breakthrough pathway toward accurate understanding and prediction.
Transcriptional repression by a secondary DNA binding surface of DNA topoisomerase I safeguards against hypertranscription
Authors: Lau Mei Sheng , Hu Zhenhua , Zhao Xiaodan , Tan Yaw Sing , Liu Jinyue , Huang Hua , Yeo Clarisse Jingyi , Leong Hwei Fen , Grinchuk Oleg V. , Chan Justin Kaixuan , Yan Jie , Tee Wee-Wei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRegulation of global transcription output is important for normal development and disease, but little is known about the mechanisms involved. DNA topoisomerase I (TOP1) is an enzyme well-known for its role in relieving DNA supercoils for enabling transcription. Here, we report a non-enzymatic function of TOP1 that downregulates RNA synthesis. This function is dependent on specific DNA-interacting residues located on a conserved protein surface. A loss-of-function knock-in mutation on this surface, R548Q, is sufficient to cause hypertranscription and alter differentiation outcomes in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Hypertranscription in mESCs is accompanied by reduced TOP1 chromatin binding and change in genomic supercoiling. Notably, the mutation does not impact TOP1 enzymatic activity; rather, it diminishes TOP1-DNA binding and formation of compact protein-DNA structures. Thus, TOP1 exhibits opposing influences on transcription through distinct activities which are likely to be coordinated. This highlights TOP1 as a safeguard of appropriate total transcription levels in cells.
Metal-free electrochemical dihydroxylation of unactivated alkenes
Authors: Liu Min , Feng Tian , Wang Yanwei , Kou Guangsheng , Wang Qiuyan , Wang Qian , Qiu Youai 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHerein, a metal-free electrochemical dihydroxylation of unactivated alkenes is described. The transformation proceeds smoothly under mild conditions with a broad range of unactivated alkenes, providing valuable and versatile dihydroxylated products in moderate to good yields without the addition of costly transition metals and stoichiometric amounts of chemical oxidants. Moreover, this method can be applied to a range of natural products and pharmaceutical derivatives, further demonstrating its synthetic utility. Mechanistic studies have revealed that iodohydrin and epoxide intermediate are formed during the reaction process.
Warming proportional to cumulative carbon emissions not explained by heat and carbon sharing mixing processes
Authors: Gillett Nathan P. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe constant ratio of global warming to cumulative CO2 emissions underpins the use of cumulative emissions budgets as policy tools, and the need to reach net zero CO2 emissions to stabilize global mean temperature. Several studies have argued that this property arises because heat and carbon are mixed into the ocean by similar physical processes, and this argument was echoed in the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report. Here we show that, contrary to this hypothesis, atmosphere-ocean fluxes of heat and carbon evolve very differently to each other in abrupt CO2 increase experiments in five earth system models, and that changes in the atmosphere, ocean and land carbon pools all contribute to making warming proportional to cumulative emissions. Our results strongly suggest that this proportionality is not amenable to a simple physical explanation, but rather arises because of the complex interplay of multiple physical and biogeochemical processes.
Char dominates black carbon aerosol emission and its historic reduction in China
Authors: Cai Junjie , Jiang Hongxing , Chen Yingjun , Liu Zeyu , Han Yong , Shen Huizhong , Song Jianzhong , Li Jun , Zhang Yanlin , Wang Rong , Chen Jianmin , Zhang Gan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEmission factors and inventories of black carbon (BC) aerosols are crucial for estimating their adverse atmospheric effect. However, it is imperative to separate BC emissions into char and soot subgroups due to their significantly different physicochemical properties and potential effects. Here, we present a substantial dataset of char and soot emission factors derived from field and laboratory measurements. Based on the latest results of the char-to-soot ratio, we further reconstructed the emission inventories of char and soot for the years 1960–2017 in China. Our findings indicate that char dominates annual BC emissions and its huge historical reduction, which can be attributable to the rapid changes in energy structure, combustion technology and emission standards in recent decades. Our results suggest that further BC emission reductions in both China and the world should focus on char, which mainly derives from lower-temperature combustion and is easier to decrease compared to soot.
Molecular mechanism of decision-making in glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis
Authors: Sammon Douglas , Krueger Anja , Busse-Wicher Marta , Morgan Rhodri Marc , Haslam Stuart M. , Schumann Benjamin , Briggs David C. , Hohenester Erhard 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTwo major glycosaminoglycan types, heparan sulfate (HS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS), control many aspects of development and physiology in a type-specific manner. HS and CS are attached to core proteins via a common linker tetrasaccharide, but differ in their polymer backbones. How core proteins are specifically modified with HS or CS has been an enduring mystery. By reconstituting glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis in vitro, we establish that the CS-initiating N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase CSGALNACT2 modifies all glycopeptide substrates equally, whereas the HS-initiating N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase EXTL3 is selective. Structure-function analysis reveals that acidic residues in the glycopeptide substrate and a basic exosite in EXTL3 are critical for specifying HS biosynthesis. Linker phosphorylation by the xylose kinase FAM20B accelerates linker synthesis and initiation of both HS and CS, but has no effect on the subsequent polymerisation of the backbone. Our results demonstrate that modification with CS occurs by default and must be overridden by EXTL3 to produce HS.
Topological superconductor candidates PdBi2Te4 and PdBi2Te5 from a generic ab initio strategy
Authors: Luo Aiyun , Li Ying , Qin Yi , Hu Jingnan , Wang Xiaoxu , Zou Jinyu , Lian Biao , Xu Gang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSuperconducting topological metals (SCTMs) have recently emerged as a promising platform of topological superconductivity (TSC) and Majorana zero modes for quantum computation. Despite their importance in both fundamental research and applications, SCTMs are very rare in nature. Here, we propose a strategy to design SCTMs by intercalating the superconducting units into the topological insulators. A program that characterizes the superconducting BdG Chern number of 2D BdG Hamiltonian from ab initio calculations is also developed. Following this strategy, PdBi2Te5 and PdBi2Te4 are found to be experimentally synthesizable and ideal SCTMs. Chiral TSC could be realized in such SCTMs by incorporating topological surface states with Zeeman effect, which can be realized by an external magnetic field or in proximity to ferromagnetic insulator. Our strategy provides a new method for identifying the SCTMs and TSC candidates, and the program makes it possible to design and modulate the TSC candidates from ab initio calculations.
Key advances in vaccine development for tuberculosis—success and challenges
Authors: Lai Rocky , Ogunsola Abiola F. , Rakib Tasfia , Behar Samuel M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBreakthrough findings in the clinical and preclinical development of tuberculosis (TB) vaccines have galvanized the field and suggest, for the first time since the development of bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), that a novel and protective TB vaccine is on the horizon. Here we highlight the TB vaccines that are in the development pipeline and review the basis for optimism in both the clinical and preclinical space. We describe immune signatures that could act as immunological correlates of protection (CoP) to facilitate the development and comparison of vaccines. Finally, we discuss new animal models that are expected to more faithfully model the pathology and complex immune responses observed in human populations.
A comprehensive spectral assay library to quantify the Halobacterium salinarum NRC-1 proteome by DIA/SWATH-MS
Authors: Kusebauch Ulrike , Lorenzetti Alan P. R. , Campbell David S. , Pan Min , Shteynberg David , Kapil Charu , Midha Mukul K. , López García de Lomana Adrián , Baliga Nitin S. , Moritz Robert L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractData-Independent Acquisition (DIA) is a mass spectrometry-based method to reliably identify and reproducibly quantify large fractions of a target proteome. The peptide-centric data analysis strategy employed in DIA requires a priori generated spectral assay libraries. Such assay libraries allow to extract quantitative data in a targeted approach and have been generated for human, mouse, zebrafish, E. coli and few other organisms. However, a spectral assay library for the extreme halophilic archaeon Halobacterium salinarum NRC-1, a model organism that contributed to several notable discoveries, is not publicly available yet. Here, we report a comprehensive spectral assay library to measure 2,563 of 2,646 annotated H. salinarum NRC-1 proteins. We demonstrate the utility of this library by measuring global protein abundances over time under standard growth conditions. The H. salinarum NRC-1 library includes 21,074 distinct peptides representing 97% of the predicted proteome and provides a new, valuable resource to confidently measure and quantify any protein of this archaeon. Data and spectral assay libraries are available via ProteomeXchange (PXD042770, PXD042774) and SWATHAtlas (SAL00312-SAL00319).
A database of atmospheric inorganic nitrogen deposition fluxes in China from satellite monitoring
Authors: Gao Qian , Zhang Xiuying , Liu Lei , Lu Xuehe , Wang Yingying 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOver the past century, atmospheric inorganic nitrogen (IN) deposition to terrestrial ecosystems has significantly increased and caused various environmental issues. China has been one of the hotspot regions for IN deposition, yet limited data exist regarding IN deposition fluxes in China at the regional scale. In this study, based on NO2 and NH3 columns acquired by satellite sensors, coupled with atmospheric chemical transport model (CTM), mixed-effects model and site observations, we constructed regional-scale IN dry and wet deposition models respectively, and finally proposed a spatially explicit database of IN deposition fluxes in China. The database includes the dry, wet and total deposition fluxes in China during 2011–2020, and the data are presented in raster form with a resolution of 0.25° × 0.25°. Overall, the database is of great importance for monitoring and simulating the trends of IN deposition over a long time series in China.