bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stress urinary incontinence in the gynecological practice
Authors: Contreras Ortiz O 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThis review discusses the prevalence, risk factors, the impact on the quality of life and healthcare‐seeking behavior of women suffering from urinary incontinence (UI) and stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in particular. UI is a common problem, affecting women in all age groups, and has devastating effects on their social, professional and family life. UI may be manifest as stress urinary continence (SUI), i.e. ‘the complaint of involuntary leakage on effort or exertion, or on sneezing or coughing’. SUI is the most common form of UI, reported by approximately 50% of the incontinent women. Alternatively, patients may suffer from urge urinary incontinence (UUI), characterized by the ‘complaint of involuntary leakage accompanied or immediately preceded by urgency’. This is reported by 10–20% of incontinent women. Patients having symptoms of both disorders may be afflicted by mixed urine incontinence (MUI), being reported by 30–40% of incontinent women. This complaint was recently included in the definitions as: ‘Involuntary leakage associated with urgency and also with exertion, effort, sneezing or coughing’. Urodynamic studies show that the prevalence of SUI is underestimated when based on symptoms alone, as many patients with mixed symptoms have pure SUI during urodynamics. Although the etiology of SUI is still poorly understood, among the main risk factors are age, pregnancy, childbirth and obesity. Unfortunately, the majority of the patients suffering UI postpones looking for medical help for years, or may even never consult a physician regarding their problem, despite the considerable negative impact on their quality of life. Feelings of shame and embarrassment play an important role in this, in combination with the common belief that UI is a normal and inevitable consequence of the aging process. Clearly, there is still a long way to go in making patients and society aware of the fact that UI is a disorder, which can and should be treated. Consequently, patients must be encouraged to report their problem, while health care providers should raise the issue on routine exams in risk groups.
Clinical practice guidelines on the initial assessment and treatment of urinary incontinence in women: a US focused review
Authors: Viktrup Lars , Summers Kent H , Dennett Susan L 
Published: August 2004

AbstractObjective: To identify clinical practice guidelines from prominent US organizations for the initial management of urinary incontinence (UI) in women and compare them with recommendations from the International Consultation on Incontinence (ICI). The challenge of implementing guidelines in the US was also identified. Methods: The medical literature was reviewed to identify relevant practice guidelines on the initial management of UI in community‐dwelling women according to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Guidelines were compared with the ICI international gold standard relating to patient identification, initial therapy, and recommendation for specialist referral. Literature on programs to implement guidelines into clinical practice was reviewed. Results: There is general agreement on how females with UI should be initially managed based on guidelines, monographs, and technical bulletins from prominent US organizations. Though these recommendations are more than 5 years old, they are fairly similar to the latest guidelines developed by the ICI in 2001. Minor discrepancies are mainly related to the lack of updating US guidelines based on most recent knowledge. Implementing existing guidelines into clinical practice presents a challenge. Conclusion: No evidence‐based practice guidelines from prominent US organizations on the initial management of UI in women exist that are less than 5 years old, but the latest versions are in alignment with recent ICI/WHO guidelines. Although optimization of UI management may be the goal of guidances, the debate remains over whether these recommendations are actually effective in modifying practice. Simplifying and updating guidelines regularly may enhance adaptation in the initial management of UI in women.
Duloxetine: a new approach for treating stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Moore Kate 
Published: August 2004

AbstractDuloxetine is a potent and balanced dual serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) that enhances urethral rhabdosphincter activity and bladder capacity in a cat irritated bladder model. Whether this is beneficial in women suffering from stress urinary incontinence (SUI) has been investigated in one phase 2 and three phase 3 placebo‐controlled clinical trials with very comparable inclusion and exclusion criteria and outcome variables. In addition, one phase 3 study was performed in women with SUI awaiting incontinence surgery. These trials involved investigational centers in 5 continents: North America, Europe, Australia, South America and Africa. Duloxetine 80 mg per day (40 mg twice daily) decreased the frequency of incontinence episode frequency (IEF) and improved incontinence‐related quality of life (I‐QOL) independent of baseline incontinence severity and also in patients awaiting surgery. In the trial in patients awaiting surgery, onset of action was closely monitored and all patients who responded to duloxetine did so within 1–2 weeks. The decrease in IEF and improvement in I‐QOL were not due to more frequent voiding, as the mean time between voids increased. Nausea was the most common treatment emergent adverse event. This was mostly experienced early after the start of duloxetine (usually within the first few days) and was usually mild or moderate and non‐progressive in severity. The majority of patients reporting nausea continued treatment with duloxetine and in most of these patients the nausea resolved within 1 to 4 weeks. It can, therefore, be concluded that duloxetine 40 mg twice daily is a new and promising pharmacological treatment approach for women with SUI.
Heterotopic pregnancy after in vitro fertilization–embryo transfer
Authors: Chin H.‐Y. , Chen F.‐P. , Wang C.‐J. , Shui L.‐T. , Liu Y.‐H. , Soong Y.‐K. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractObjective: A ruptured cornual pregnancy is a rare and challenging problem. We present two cases of cornual pregnancies after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF‐ET) treated by cornual resection, with an excellent perinatal outcome for the intrauterine pregnancy in both cases. A literature review of cornual pregnancy after IVF‐ET is also included. Case reports: Two women had undergone IVF‐ET because of tubal problems. Emergent laparotomy was performed because of internal bleeding at 12 weeks of gestation in one case and 17 weeks in the other, and in both cases, ruptured cornual pregnancies were found. Cornual resection and primary repair were performed. The women were discharged on the 6th and 7th postoperative day, respectively, and they underwent an elective cesarean delivery at 37 weeks of pregnancy. They were delivered of healthy babies, one weighing 2700 g and the other 2310 g. Conclusion: These cases illustrate that good perinatal outcomes can be achieved by surgical intervention in heterotopic pregnancies, even in the event of a ruptured cornu.
Computerized cardiotocography in the management of intrauterine growth restriction associated with Doppler velocimetry alterations
Authors: Anceschi M.M. , Ruozi‐Berretta A. , Piazze J.J. , Cosmi E. , Cerekja A. , Meloni P. , Cosmi E.V. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractObjective: To verify the reliability of computerized cardiotocography (cCTG) in the prediction of the oxygen metabolism status of fetuses with growth restriction and Doppler velocimetry alterations. Methods: From 24 third‐trimester cesarean section performed because of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and Doppler velocimetry alterations, there were 11 cases of fetal heart rate alterations (Dawes–Redman criteria were not satisfied) and 13 cases of reactive cCTG. Fetal lung maturity was detected by amniocentesis and blood samples for umbilical blood gas analysis (UBGA) were collected before the first neonatal breath from the umbilical artery in a double‐clamped segment of the cord. Results: Umbilical cord gas analysis showed arterial cord blood pH to be 7.20 or less in 11 newborns (45.8%), 7.10 or less in 6 (25%), and 7.00 or less in 3 (12.5%). Linear regression analysis showed short‐term variation (STV) in the fetal heart rate to be significantly correlated with umbilical artery pH (r=0.49; P=0.01) and pCO2 (r=−0.50; P=0.01). There were no significant correlations between cCTG and the other UBGA parameters considered. Receiver operator curves permitted to calculate the STV values at which pathological neonatal UBGA values can be expected (pH<7.00 and pCO2>80 mmHg). A short‐term variation less than 4.5 ms was found to predict acidemia with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 70% (positive predictive value, 33%; negative predictive value, 100%), and hypercarbia with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 77.8% (positive predictive value, 55.6%; negative predictive value, 100%). Conclusion: In view of the results of this study, 4.5 ms for STV may be a threshold below which timing of delivery should be decided in cases of fetal growth restriction.
Staged Reconstruction for Malunited Fractures of the Distal Radius
Authors: EL-KAREF E. 
Published: August 2004

This prospective study assessed the outcomes of 26 symptomatic malunited distal radial fractures which were treated with an opening wedge corrective osteotomy and bone grafting with rigid fixation. An ulnar shortening osteotomy was subsequently required as a second-stage operation in five cases to restore normal ulnar variance. A wrist arthroscopy was indicated as a third stage procedure with persistent ulnar sided wrist pain in order to address central tears of the triangular fibrocartilage. Satisfactory functional scores were achieved by 20 of the 26 patients after distal radial osteotomy alone and, 24 of the 26 after subsequent ulnar shortening osteotomies and arthroscopy when necessary. The one, two or three stage concept of reconstructing the malunited distal end radius could optimise the outcome rather than using a single-stage strategy.
The Distal Radial Fracture in Elderly Women and the Bone Mineral Density of the Lumbar Spine and Hip
Authors: HEGEMAN J. H. , OSKAM J. , VAN DER PALEN J. , TEN DUIS H. J. , VIERHOUT P. A. M. 
Published: August 2004

The incidence of distal radial fractures in elderly women is high and is associated with osteoporosis and hip fracture. Osteoporosis can be detected by measuring the bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine or hip with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Low BMD of the lumbar spine or hip is a strong predictor for future vertebral deformities and hip fractures. At present, elderly women with a distal radial fracture are not investigated for osteoporosis on a routine basis. The BMD of the lumbar spine and hip were assessed in 94 women (mean age, 69 years) with a distal radial fracture. A low BMD was found in 85% of the patients, and osteoporosis was diagnosed in 51%. The mean BMD decreased by 0.04 SD per year and there was a significant relationship between post-menopausal status and decreased BMD of the hip. The BMD in patients treated with bisphosphonate medication increased significantly in 1 year. As more than half of the elderly women with a distal radial fracture have osteoporotic BMD values for the lumbar spine or hip, it is our opinion that such patients should be screened for osteoporosis.
Strategic purchasing, supply management, and firm performance
Authors: Chen Injazz J. , Paulraj Antony , Lado Augustine A. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractPurchasing has increasingly assumed a pivotal strategic role in supply‐chain management. Yet, claims of the strategic role of purchasing have not been fully subjected to rigorous theoretical and empirical scrutiny. Extant research has remained largely anecdotal and theoretically under‐developed. In this paper, we examine the links among strategic purchasing, supply management, and firm performance.We argue that strategic purchasing can engender sustainable competitive advantage by enabling firms to: (a) foster close working relationships with a limited number of suppliers; (b) promote open communication among supply‐chain partners; and (c) develop long‐term strategic relationship orientation to achieve mutual gains. Using structural equation modeling, we empirically test a number of hypothesized relationships based on a sample of 221 United States manufacturing firms. Our results provide robust support for the links between strategic purchasing, supply management, customer responsiveness, and financial performance of the buying firm. Implications for future research and managerial practice in supply‐chain management are also offered.
Effect of selected wound antiseptics on adult articular cartilage (bovine sesamoid bone) in the presence ofEscherichia coliandStaphylococcus aureus
Authors: Müller Gerald , Kramer Axel 
Published: August 2004

AbstractAfter removing an inoculum of 108–109cfu ofEscherichia coli (E. coli)orStaphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)effectively within 2 h from bovine sesamoid bones (bsb) using the iodophore Betaisodona® [0.5 and 1.0% (v/v) PVP‐I], the biguanide polihexanide (PHMB) [0.005 and 0.01% (v/v)], and the bispyridinamine Octenidine (Oct) [0.005 and 0.01% (v/v)] the metabolic effect on proteoglycans (PG) in bsb was investigated by subsequent culture of bsb for 7 d and biosynthetically labeling with35S‐sulfate for a period of 24 h.The treatment with the iodophore stimulates the incorporation of35S‐sulfate into PG, whereas that of Oct was toxic. The PHMB treatment was both tolerated and effective only when it was used at low concentrations (0.005%). The antiseptic treatment did not result in an increase of catabolism of PG.This in vitro study clearly demonstrates that irrigation of cartilage with an antiseptic should be limited to an effective concentration and treatment time compatible with antiseptic function. Iodophores have no negative feedback on cartilage metabolism, moreover, they stimulate chondrocytes in vitro. Cationic antiseptics are not suited as irrigating solutions. © 2004 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The effect of detachment of the articular cartilage from its calcified zone on the cartilage microstructure, assessed by 2H‐spectroscopic double quantum filtered MRI
Authors: Keinan‐Adamsky Keren , Shinar Hadassah , Navon Gil 
Published: August 2004

AbstractMost studies on articular cartilage properties have been conducted after detachment of the cartilage from the bone. In the present work we investigated the effect of detachment on collagen fiber architecture. We used one‐dimensional 2 H double quantum filtered MRI on cartilage bone plugs equilibrated in deuterated saline. The quadrupolar splittings observed in the different zones were related to the degree of order and the density of the collagen fibers. The method is non‐destructive, allowing for measurements on the same plug without the need for fixation, dehydration, sectioning and decalcification. Detachment of the radial from the calcified zone resulted in swelling of the cartilage plug in physiological saline and a concomitant decrease in the quadrupolar splitting. The effect of mechanical pressure on the 2 H quadrupolar splittings for the detached cartilage and for the calcified zone‐bone plugs were compared with those of the same zones in the intact cartilage–bone plug. The splitting in the radial zone of the detached cartilage collapsed at much smaller loads compared to the intact cartilage–bone plug. The effect of the load on the size of the cartilage was also greater for the detached plug. These results indicate that anchoring of the cartilage to the bone through the calcified zone plays an important role in retaining the order of the collagen fibers. The water 2 H quadrupolar splitting in intact and proteoglycan‐depleted cartilage was the same, indicating that the proteoglycans do not contribute to the ordering of the collagen fibers. © 2004 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Penetration of intense charged particle beams in the outer layers
of precompressed thermonuclear fuels
Authors: DEUTSCH C. 
Published: August 2004

This paper emphasizes the energy dissipation through collective
electromagnetic modes (mostly transverse to the incoming beam) of
ultraintense relativistic electrons and nonrelativistic protons
interacting with a supercompressed core of deuterium + tritium (DT)
thermonuclear fuel. This pattern of beam–plasma interaction
documents the fast ignition scenario for inertial confinement
fusion.The electronmagnetic Weibel instability is considered
analytically in a linear approximation. Relevant growth rates
parameters then highlight density ratios between target and particle
beams, as well as transverse temperatures. Significant refinements
include mode–mode couplings and collisions with target electrons.
The former qualify the so-called quasi-linear (weakly turbulent)
approach. Usually, it produces significantly lower growth rates than
the linear ones. Collisions enhance them slightly for
kc /ωp <
1, and dampen them strongly for kc
/ωp ≥ 1. Those results simplify rather
drastically for the laser-produced and nonrelativistic proton beams. In
this case, those growth rates remain always negative through a wide
range of beam–target parameters.
Lactic acidosis and developmental delay due to deficiency of E3 binding protein (protein X) of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
Authors: Ramadan D. G. , Head R. A. , Al‐Tawari A. , Habeeb Y. , Zaki M. , Al‐Ruqum F. , Besley G. T. N. , Wraith J. E. , Brown R. M. , Brown G. K. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractSummary: Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency is an important cause of primary lactic acidosis. Most cases occur as a result of mutations in the gene for the E1α subunit of the complex, with a small number resulting from mutations in genes for other components, most commonly the E3 and E3‐binding protein subunits. We describe pyruvate dehydrogenase E3‐binding protein deficiency in two siblings in each of two unrelated families from Kuwait. The index patient in each family had reduced pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in cultured fibroblasts and no detectable immunoreactive E3‐binding protein. Both were homozygous for nonsense mutations in the E3‐binding protein gene, one involving the codon for glutamine 266, the other the codon for tryptophan 5.
New promoter mutations in the low‐density lipoprotein receptor gene which induce familial hypercholesterolaemia phenotype: Molecular and functional analysis
Authors: Francová H. , Trbušek M. , Zapletalová P. , Kuhrová V. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractSummary: Low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) is a cell‐surface glycoprotein that mediates specific uptake and catabolism of plasma LDL. Mutations located in the coding region of the LDLR gene affect the structure and function of the protein and cause familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH). Mutations in the regulatory regions of the gene are rare, but in some cases have been shown to alter the transcriptional activity of the gene and cause the FH phenotype as well. Adult heterozygous FH individuals have a markedly raised plasma cholesterol that is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis and premature coronary heart disease. The aim of this study was the functional characterization of a promoter mutation in the LDLR gene in one family from the register of Czech FH subjects. Molecular screening revealed that three members of this family carried a ‐27C > T nucleotide transition in the promoter sequence (calculated from the start of transcription). All three manifested a heterozygous FH phenotype. This new mutation is located between the TATA box and sterol‐dependent regulatory element repeat 3. Using a luciferase reporter assay system, we analysed the transcriptional efficiency of the normal and mutant alleles. The mutation reduced promoter activity to background level. Another new promoter mutation ‐60C > T was identified in an unrelated patient in the conserved nucleotide sequence of the sterol‐dependent regulation element repeat 2 which virtually abolished the promoter activity. We assume a causal effect of this ‐60C > T transition on the basis of its position in the promoter sequence.
The third case of Doss porphyria (δ‐amino‐levulinic acid dehydratase deficiency) in Germany
Authors: Doss M. O. , Stauch T. , Gross U. , Renz M. , Akagi R. , Doss‐Frank M. , Seelig H. P. , Sassa S. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractSummary:δ‐Aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) deficiency porphyria, or Doss porphyria, was first reported in Germany in 1979. Only four bona fide cases of Doss porphyria have been reported to date that were confirmed by immunological and molecular analyses of their ALAD mutations. Here we describe the fifth case of Doss porphyria. A 17‐year‐old German male suffered from colicky abdominal pain and severe polyneuropathy for 2 years. Urinary δ‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA) was increased 32‐fold, and coproporphyrin 76‐fold compared with the upper limit of their respective normal ranges. Urinary excretion of porphobilinogen (PBG) and uroporphyrin was only slightly increased. Faecal porphyrins were within the normal range. Erythrocyte zinc protoporphyrin concentrations were elevated 5.4‐fold. ALAD activity in erythrocytes was decreased to 10% of the normal value, and was not activated by zinc and by dithiothreitol. Blood lead levels were within the normal range, excluding lead poisoning in the proband. Erythrocyte ALAD activity was about one‐half of the normal value in both parents, whereas it was normal in the proband's brother. Urinary excretion of ALA, PBG and total porphyrins was within the normal range in both parents and the brother. Molecular genetic studies of the ALAD gene in the proband revealed two base changes, C to A and C to T, both in intron 3 at ‐11 bp upstream of the exon 3 start site. In addition to the proband, the father carried the ‐11C‐to‐T, while the mother carried the ALAD gene in the proband's brother. These findings suggest that the observed compound heterozygosity of the ALAD gene may be responsible for Doss porphyria in the proband. The proband was successfully treated with haem arginate infusion. The clinical condition improved, and urinary excretion of ALA and coproporphyrin fell to levels of ~50% compared with their pretreatment levels during acute relapses. The haem therapy was continued once weekly for 1 year. At the end of 1 year, urinary ALA and porphyrin levels were significantly lowered, and the proband is now almost free of clinical symptoms.
Relief of gastrointestinal symptoms under enzyme replacement therapy in patients with Fabry disease
Authors: Dehout F. , Roland D. , de Granseigne S. Treille , Guillaume B. , Van Maldergem L. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractSummary: Gastrointestinal symptoms, including diarrhoea and abdominal pain, are one of the earliest and most frequently reported signs of Fabry disease, a rare X‐linked lipid storage disorder. As the disease progresses, renal, cardiac and cerebrovascular complications develop, resulting in more serious symptoms and early mortality. The present study evaluated the effects of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with agalsidase alfa on the gastrointestinal symptoms ofFabry disease. Following 6 months of treatment, both the severity (p < 0.02) and frequency (p < 0.02) of abdominal pain decreased. For those patients who had received agalsidase alfa for more than 6 months, the observed improvement was generally maintained. This is the first study indicating a significant beneficial effect of ERT on gastrointestinal symptoms in a group of patients treated for Fabry disease.