bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Multicenter Study Evaluating the Sensitization Potential of Enamel Matrix Derivative After Treatment of Two Infrabony Defects
Authors: Froum Stuart , Weinberg Mea , Novak John , Mailhot Jason , Mellonig James , Van Dyke Thomas , McClain Pamela , Papapanou Panos N. , Childers Gail , Ciancio Sebastian , Blieden Tim , Polson Alan , Greenstein Gary , Yukna Raymond , Wallace Marshall Lynn , Patters Mark , Wagener Charles 
Published: February 2005

Background: Several studies reported some success toward regeneration in infrabony defects using enamel matrix derivative (EMD). Clinically and statistically significant improvements in probing depth reduction, clinical attachment levels, and bone fill have been demonstrated. This multi‐center study evaluated the potential for sensitization to EMD in a subgroup of periodontal patients treated at least twice with at least 2 months between treatments.Methods: Three hundred seventy‐six (376) patients in 11 university‐based postgraduate periodontics programs and five private practices were selected. Surgeries were performed on infrabony defects. Following reflection of mucoperiosteal flaps and debridement of the root surface and defect, root conditioning (either citric acid pH = 1 or 24% EDTA) was performed and the site was irrigated with sterile saline. Enamel matrix derivative was reconstituted and applied to the exposed root surface and the bony defect. Flaps were sutured and pressure applied for 5 minutes. The second test defect was treated in a similar manner at least 8 weeks after the first surgery. The patient was given a diary card where any subjective adverse events (erythema, swelling, itching, headache, root hypersensitivity, or pain) were recorded at weeks 1 and 2 post‐surgery. In addition, objective adverse events (gingival inflammation, ulcers, abscess, cratering, and lesions) were recorded by the investigator on an adverse event form.Results: No clinical adverse reactions to multiple applications of EMD were noted. Of 376 patients, two were referred to a dermatologist for evaluation, but neither had signs indicating any adverse events due to EMD treatment. Instead their reactions were classified as a small local abscess and tinea cruris. The single immunoassay performed (on the patient with a small local abscess) did not demonstrate any EMD‐reactive antibodies, neither IgE nor IgG. Other subjective/objective reactions that occurred during this study were of the type that are commonly experienced by patients immediately following periodontal surgery, but were not related to EMD. They included headache, swelling, itching, pain, and root hypersensitivity.Conclusions: This study demonstrated a lack of clinical adverse reactions following two separate applications of EMD. Any subjective/objective adverse reactions experienced by the patient were typical complications following routine periodontal surgery and were not directly related to the use of enamel matrix derivative. J Periodontol 2004;75:1001‐1008.
Relationship of Subgingival and Salivary Microbiota to Gingival Overgrowth in Heart Transplant Patients Following Cyclosporin A Therapy
Authors: Romito Giuseppe Alexandre , Pustiglioni Francisco Emílio , Saraiva Luciana , Pustiglioni Alessandro Nautili , Lotufo Roberto Fraga Moreira , Stolf Noedir Antônio Groppo 
Published: February 2005

Background: Severe gingival overgrowth (GO) is induced in patients taking cyclosporin A (CsA) following organ transplantation. Determining which patient will develop GO is still not possible. The purpose of this study was to establish an association between CsA and gingival overgrowth in heart transplant patients taking into account periodontal and microbiological conditions.Methods: Thirty patients (10 female, 20 male; range: 13 to 67 years; mean age: 44.89) undergoing CsA treatment were evaluated using the gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL). Subgingival samples collected from the deepest site of each quadrant and saliva samples were submitted to microbial analysis. All patients had at least 12 teeth. Exclusion criteria were the use of antibiotics and/or having undergone periodontal treatment 6 months prior to the study. Patients were divided in two groups: with gingival (GO+) and without gingival overgrowth (GO−).Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the GO+ and GO− groups when CsA dosage, time since transplant, GI, PI, PD, and CAL were compared. Microbiological examination of the subgingival samples detected the following microorganisms: Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (23%), Porphyromonas gingivalis (36%), Prevotella intermedia (93%), Fusobacterium sp. (66%), Campylobacter rectus (30%), Micromonas micros (66%), enteric rods (0%), and yeasts (30%). A positive association between M. micros and the GO+ group was found (P <0.001). Yeasts were detected in 30% of the subgingival and saliva samples.Conclusions: Clinical parameters were not sufficient to determine which patients would develop GO. However, colonization by M. micros might play a role in the etiology of GO. J Periodontol 2004; 75:918–924.
A Comparative Study of Coronally Advanced Flaps With and Without the Addition of Enamel Matrix Derivative in the Treatment of Marginal Tissue Recession
Authors: Cueva Marco A. , Boltchi Farhad E. , Hallmon William W. , Nunn Martha E. , Rivera‐Hidalgo Francisco , Rees Terry 
Published: February 2005

Background: The primary aim of this randomized, controlled, clinical investigation was to evaluate the differences in clinical parameters of root coverage procedures utilizing coronally advanced flaps (CAF) with and without enamel matrix derivative (EMD). Another aim was to evaluate if EMD can influence keratinization of tissues utilizing these procedures.Methods: Fifty‐eight contralateral sites in 17 patients with ≥2 mm of Miller Class I, II, and III buccal marginal tissue recession were treated. Test sites received CAF plus EMD while control sites were treated with CAF only, with each patient serving as his own control. Patients were followed for 3 and 6 months. All data were analyzed using the method of generalized estimating equations. A P value <0.05 was considered significant (α = 0.05).Results: There was a mean increase in keratinized tissue of 0.60 mm for test sites and a mean decrease of 0.05 mm for control sites. Test sites demonstrated significantly better root coverage (P <0.001), 89.7% and 92.9% root coverage after 3 months and 6 months, respectively, while control sites had 56.6% and 66.8% root coverage after 3 months and 6 months, respectively. There was significantly more root coverage among test sites compared to control sites, regardless of arch or Miller classification.Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, the application of enamel matrix derivative to denuded root surfaces receiving coronally advanced flaps significantly increased the percentage of root coverage compared to CAF without EMD. In addition, EMD application was accompanied by a significant increase in keratinized tissue 6 months after surgery. J Periodontol 2004;75: 949‐956.
Guided Tissue Regeneration With Bioabsorbable Barriers. II. Long‐Term Results in Infrabony Defects
Authors: Eickholz Peter , Krigar Diana‐Maria , Pretzl Bernadette , Steinbrenner Harald , Dörfer Christof , Kim Ti‐Sun 
Published: February 2005

Background: The aim of this 5‐year randomized controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the long‐term results after guided tissue regeneration (GTR) therapy of infrabony defects using two bioabsorbable barriers.Methods: Fifteen pairs of contralateral infrabony defects in 15 patients with moderate to severe periodontitis were treated. Each patient received one polydioxanon (test: T) and one polylactide acetyltributyl citrate (control: C) barrier by random assignment. At baseline, 12, and 60 ± 3 months after surgery clinical parameters and standardized radiographs were obtained. Vertical bone levels (PBL‐V) were measured during surgery and 60 ± 3 months later by transgingival bone sounding.Results: Thirteen patients were available for the 60‐month examinations. Twelve and 60 ± 3 months after GTR, statistically significant (P ≤0.001) vertical attachment (CAL‐V) gain was found in both groups (T12: 3.5 ± 1.5 mm; T60: 2.2 ± 1.8 mm; C12: 4.0 ± 0.9 mm; C60: 2.4 ± 1.0 mm). However, from 12 to 60 months after therapy both groups experienced significant CAL‐V loss (P <0.05): two defects in the test group and three in the control group had CAL‐V loss >2 mm compared to the 12‐month reexamination. Twelve and 60 ± 3 months after surgery, statistically significant (P <0.05) radiographic bony fill was found in both groups (T12: 1.2 ± 1.3 mm; T60: 1.5 ± 2.2 mm; C12: 0.9 ± 1.4 mm; C60: 1.0 ± 1.6 mm). Further, 60 months after surgery significant (P <0.05) PBL‐V gain was found in both groups (test: 1.8 ± 2.3 mm; control: 2.2 ± 1.8 mm). The study failed to show statistically significant differences between test and control regarding CAL‐V and PBL‐V gain 60 months after surgery.Conclusion: CAL‐V gain achieved after GTR therapy in infrabony defects using both bioabsorbable barriers was stable after 5 years in 21 of 26 defects (81%). J Periodontol 2004;75:957‐965.
One‐ and 3‐Minute Plaque Removal by a Battery‐Powered Versus a Manual Toothbrush
Authors: Williams Karen , Ferrante Anita , Dockter Kathy , Haun Jan , Biesbrock Aaron R. , Bartizek Robert D. 
Published: February 2005

Background: A new battery‐powered toothbrush with a fundamentally different design than other powered toothbrushes has recently been introduced. The new toothbrush has a powered oscillating round head and a second powered head that translates back and forth. This study compared the plaque removal efficacy of a manual toothbrush to this new powered toothbrush.Methods: This randomized, controlled, examiner‐masked, four‐period cross‐over study examined plaque removal with the two toothbrushes following a single use in 40 subjects. Plaque was scored before brushing and after 1 and 3 minutes of brushing using the Turesky modification of the Quigley‐Hein index.Results: Baseline plaque scores were 2.98 prior to using the powered toothbrush and 2.99 prior to using the manual toothbrush. The powered toothbrush delivered a covariance‐adjusted mean plaque score change from baseline of 0.61 after 1 minute of brushing and 0.93 after 3 minutes of brushing. The adjusted mean changes for the manual toothbrush were 0.43 and 0.62, respectively. The differences between treatment groups were statistically significant (P <0.001) after both 1 and 3 minutes of brushing. The powered toothbrush had, on average, 42.1% and 49.6% greater plaque removal scores after 1 minute and 3 minutes of brushing, respectively. Both toothbrushes had statistically significantly greater plaque removal scores after 3 minutes than after 1 minute of brushing (P <0.001). Plaque removal scores for each toothbrush after 3 minutes of brushing were about 50% higher than the scores after 1 minute of brushing.Conclusions: The powered toothbrush delivered statistically significantly superior plaque removal after both 1 and 3 minutes of brushing compared to the manual toothbrush. Both toothbrushes showed statistically significantly greater plaque removal following 3 minutes of brushing than following 1 minute of brushing, and the difference between the toothbrushes was greater following 3 minutes of brushing than following 1 minute of brushing. J Periodontol 2004;75:1107‐1113.
Coronally Positioned Flap With or Without Acellular Dermal Matrix Graft in the Treatment of Class I Gingival Recessions: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Study
Authors: De Queiroz Côrtes Antonieta , Martins Ângela Guimarães , Nociti Francisco H. , Sallum Antonio Wilson , Casati Marcio Z. , Sallum Enilson A. 
Published: February 2005

Background: The aim of this study was to clinically evaluate the treatment of Class I gingival recessions by coronally positioned flap with or without acellular dermal matrix allograft (ADM).Methods: Thirteen patients with comparable bilateral Miller Class I gingival recessions (≥3.0 mm) were selected. The defects were randomly assigned to one of the treatments: coronally positioned flap and acellular dermal matrix (ADM group) or coronally positioned flap alone (CPF group). The clinical parameters included: probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), recession height (RH), recession width (RW), height of keratinized tissue (HKT), thickness of keratinized tissue (TKT), plaque index (PI), and gingival index (GI). The measurements were taken before the surgeries and after 6 months.Results: The mean baseline recession was 3.4 mm and 3.5 mm for ADM group and CPF group, respectively. After 6 months, both treatments resulted in significant root coverage (P <0.01), reaching an average of 2.6 mm (76%) in the ADM group and 2.5 mm (71%) in the CPF group. The difference in recession reduction between treatments was not statistically significant. There were no statistically significant differences between the treatments in PD, CAL, RH, RW, and HKT. However, the mean TKT gain was 0.7 mm for the ADM group and 0.2 mm for the CPF group (P <0.01).Conclusion: It can be concluded that both techniques could provide significant root coverage in Class I gingival recessions; however, a greater keratinized tissue thickness can be expected with ADM. J Periodontol 2004;75:1137‐1144.
A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Enamel Matrix Derivative and Membrane Treatment of Buccal Class II Furcation Involvement in Mandibular Molars. Part I: Study Design and Results for Primary Outcomes
Authors: Jepsen Søren , Heinz Bernd , Jepsen Karin , Arjomand Mehrdad , Hoffmann Thomas , Richter Steffen , Reich Elmar , Sculean Anton , Gonzales José R. , Bödeker Rolf H. , Meyle Jörg 
Published: February 2005

Background: The objective of this multicenter, randomized trial was to compare enamel matrix derivative (EMD; test) with barrier membranes (control) for the treatment of mandibular buccal Class II furcation defects.Methods: Forty‐five patients with 90 comparable defects on contralateral molars were included. Defects were randomly assigned to EMD or bioabsorbable barrier membrane; the contralateral defect received the alternative treatment. Assessments at baseline and 8 and 14 months included gingival margin levels, probing depths, bleeding on probing, vertical attachment levels, and vertical bone sounding from a stent at five buccal sites/ tooth. Defect dimensions were recorded at surgery and during reentry at 14 months. Change of open horizontal furcation depth was the primary outcome variable. Adverse reactions and patient perceptions were also noted.Results: Both treatment modalities led to significant clinical improvements. The median reduction of open horizontal furcation depth was 2.8 mm with the corresponding interquartile interval (1.5 mm, 3.5 mm) at test sites compared with 1.8 mm (1.0 mm, 2.8 mm) at control sites. The Hodges‐Lehmann estimator of the advantage (reduction test versus control) was 0.75 mm (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.125 mm, 1.375 mm, P = 0.033, Wilcoxon). The frequency of complete furcation closure was 8/45 (test) and 3/45 (control); partial closure, 27/45 in both groups; no change, 9/45 and 11/45, respectively; and deterioration, 1/45 and 4/45, respectively. The frequency of no pain or no swelling at 1 week post‐surgery was 62% and 44%, respectively, at the test sites and 12% and 6% at the control sites.Conclusion: There was a significantly greater reduction in horizontal furcation depth and a comparatively lower incidence of postoperative pain/swelling following enamel matrix derivative compared to membrane therapy. J Periodontol 2004;75:1150‐1160.
Periodontal Changes in Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy
Authors: Marques Marisa Alvarez Corazza , Dib Luciano Lauria 
Published: February 2005

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in the periodontium in patients who received head and neck radiation therapy.Methods: Periodontal clinical parameters (probing depth, clinical attachment level, gingival recession, plaque index, and bleeding on probing) were assessed on 27 patients before and 6 to 8 months following radiation therapy in the head and neck area.Results: The greatest changes occurred in clinical attachment level: overall, 70.3% of the patients showed a loss, with 92% evincing loss in the mandible. Attachment loss was directly related to the field of radiation and was greater when the jaws were actually included in the irradiated area.Conclusion: Periodontal status should be evaluated prior to and following radiation therapy in the oral‐maxillary‐facial region to help ensure that periodontal health is maintained in oncology patients. J Periodontol 2004;75:1178‐1187.
Gingival Crevicular Fluid Levels of Interleukin‐1β and Glycemic Control in Patients With Chronic Periodontitis and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Engebretson Steven P. , Hey‐Hadavi Judith , Ehrhardt Fernando J. , Hsu Dan , Celenti Romi S. , Grbic John T. , Lamster Ira B. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Patients with diabetes have increased incidence and severity of periodontal disease not accounted for by differences in the subgingival microbial infection. Poor glycemic control has been consistently associated with periodontal disease severity. Also, recent evidence suggests that hyperglycemia may induce inflammatory cytokine production. Few studies, however, have examined local biochemical measures of periodontal inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine whether glycemic control was related to gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β).Methods: GCF samples were collected from 45 patients with type 2 diabetes and untreated chronic periodontitis. Plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), and attachment level (AL) were recorded at six sites per tooth. IL‐1β levels were determined from individual GCF samples by enzyme‐linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). Individual site and mean patient values were calculated. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were measured from anticoagulated whole blood using an automated affinity chromatography system. Serum glucose was also determined.Results: Clinical periodontal measures (PD, AL, BOP) and measures of glycemic control (HbA1c, random glucose) were signifi‐ cantly correlated with GCF IL‐1β. Patients with greater than 8% HbA1c had significantly higher mean GCF IL‐1β levels than patients with less than 8% HbA1c. In a multivariate model adjusting for age, gender, PD, AL, BOP, and PI, HbA1c and random glucose were independent predictors of high GCF IL‐1β.Conclusions: Poor glycemic control is associated with elevated GCF IL‐1β. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that hyperglycemia contributes to an heightened inflammatory response, and suggests a mechanism to account for the association between poor glycemic control and periodontal destruction. J Periodontol 2004;75:1203‐1208.
Platelet‐Released Supernatant Increases Matrix Metalloproteinase‐2 Production, Migration, Proliferation, and Tube Formation of Human Umbilical Vascular Endothelial Cells
Authors: Kandler Barbara , Fischer Michael B. , Watzek Georg , Gruber Reinhard 
Published: February 2005

Background: Local application of platelets represents a promising tool to enhance bone regeneration. New bone formation strictly requires blood vessel formation, a sequential process involving matrix degradation, migration, proliferation, and tube formation of endothelial cells. Here we investigated the impact of secreted granula products from activated platelets on endothelial cells, and determined the involvement of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) signaling.Methods: The effects of platelet‐released supernatant on endothelial cells were investigated using in vitro models. Matrix metalloproteinase‐ 2 (MMP‐2) release, migration, proliferation, and tube formation of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) were determined in response to platelet‐released supernatant by gelatine zymography, Boyden chamber assay, 3[H]thymidine incorporation, and basement membrane assay, respectively. All experiments were performed in the presence of the ERK signaling inhibitor PD98059. ERK phosphorylation was detected by Western blot analysis.Results: Incubation with platelet‐released supernatant increased the production of MMP‐2, migration, proliferation, and tube formation of HUVEC. Platelet‐released supernatant also stimulated ERK phosphorylation in HUVEC. Inhibition of ERK signaling decreased platelet‐released supernatant‐stimulated endothelial cell proliferation, but not MMP‐2 activity, migration, and the formation of capillary tubes.Conclusions: Our data suggest that secreted granula products from platelets can enhance different stages of blood vessel formation, and that ERK signaling is required to mediate the mitogenic effects of the supernatant. These findings support the hypothesis of a potential link between platelet activation and blood vessel formation during bone regeneration. J Periodontol 2004;75:1255‐1261.
Loaded Custom‐Made Zirconia and Titanium Implants Show Similar Osseointegration: An Animal Experiment
Authors: Kohal Ralf J. , Weng Dietmar , Bächle Maria , Strub Jörg R. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Zirconia might be an alternative material to titanium for dental implant fabrication. The aim of the present study was to investigate the histological behavior (osseointegration) of loaded zirconia implants in an animal model and to compare it with the behavior of titanium implants.Methods: Five months after extraction of the upper anterior teeth, 12 custom‐made titanium implants (control group) and 12 custom‐made zirconia implants (test group) were inserted in the extraction sites in six monkeys. Before insertion, the titanium implant surfaces were sandblasted with Al2O3 and subsequently acid‐etched. The zirconia implants were only sandblasted. Six months following implant insertion, impressions were taken for the fabrication of single crowns. A further 3 months later, nonprecious metal crowns were inserted. Five months after insertion of the crowns, the implants with the surrounding hard and soft tissues were harvested, histologically prepared, and evaluated under the light microscope regarding the peri‐implant soft tissue dimensions and mineralized bone‐to‐implant contact.Results: No implant was lost during the investigational period. The mean height of the soft peri‐implant tissue cuff was 5 mm around the titanium implants and 4.5 mm around the zirconia implants. No statistically significant differences were found in the extent of the different soft tissue compartments. The mean mineralized bone‐to‐implant contact after 9 months of healing and 5 months of loading amounted to 72.9% (SD: 14%) for the titanium implants and to 67.4% (SD: 17%) for the zirconia implants. There was no statistically significant difference between the different implant materials.Conclusion: Within the limits of this animal experiment, it can be concluded that the custom‐made zirconia implants osseointegrated to the same extent as custom‐made titanium control implants and show the same peri‐implant soft tissue dimensions. J Periodontol 2004;75:1262‐1268.