bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the correlation between Preoperative Gut Microbiota and Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Using 16S Absolute Quantitative Sequencing : A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Tang Yijie , Guo Yu , Xie Xiyuan , Chen Yu , Huang Xinlei , Dai Dongsheng , Wu Xiaodan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is the most common adverse reaction after surgery. A variety of methods have been used to prevent PONV, but this condition has still failed to reach a satisfactory level. From the perspective of the interaction between gut microbes and the host, 16S absolute quantitative sequencing technology is used to find new ideas for prevention.
Methods
The patients suffering from nausea and vomiting 24 h after surgery were divided into a PONV group (n = 22) and a non-PONV group (n = 22). The microorganisms related to the occurrence and development of PONV were assessed using bioinformatics and analysed. Analysis of correlation was used to indicate the relationship between microbiota and PONV, and the possibility of the gut microbiome in predicting PONV was assessed by ROC analysis.
Results
There were significant differences in α- and β-diversities between the PONV and non-PONV groups. Six microorganisms were the typical representatives. Among these genera, Bifidobacterium, Bilophila and Oscillibacter were negatively associated with the severity of PONV. ROC analysis indicated that it was dependable to predict PONV by using Bifidobacterium.
Conclusions
These findings propose a possible new mechanism of PONV from the perspective of gut microbiota and a theoretical basis for the prevention of PONV by taking probiotics preoperatively.
Spatial microniches of IL-2 synergize with IL-10 to drive lung migratory Th2 cells in response to inhaled allergen
Authors: Poholek Amanda , He Kun , Xiao Hanxi , MacDonald William , Mehta Isha , Kishore Akash , Vincent Augusta , Xu Zhongli , Ray Anuradha , Chen Wei , Lambrecht Bart , Das Jishnu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

The mechanisms that guide Th2 cell differentiation in barrier tissues are unclear. Using temporal, spatial and single cell transcriptomic tracking of house dust mite (HDM) specific T cells, we describe the molecular pathways driving allergen specific Th2 cells. Differentiation and migration of lung allergen-specific Th2 cells requires early expression of the transcriptional repressor Blimp-1. Loss of Blimp-1 during priming in the lymph node ablated the formation of Th2 cells that migrate to the lung, indicating early Blimp-1 promotes the population of Th2 cells with migratory capability. Blimp-1 occurs in a subset of lymph node CD4 T cells that requires IL-10 from allergen-specific T cells. Furthermore, IL-2/STAT5 signals are essential for both Blimp-1 and GATA3 upregulation through repression of Bcl6 and Bach2 in the lymph node. Spatial microniches of IL-2 in the lymph node identified by the latent factor discovery method SLIDE discriminate and support the earliest Blimp-1+ migratory Th2 cells, demonstrating that lymph node localization is a primary driver of Th2 initiation. Our findings illuminate the molecular pathways for inhaled allergens to promote Th2 cells and identify an early requirement for IL-2 mediated spatial microniches that synergize with allergen-driven IL-10 from responding T cells to drive allergic asthma
Sex differences in the association between insulin resistance and myocardial infarction across glycaemic states
Authors: Riccio Alessia , Fortin Elena , Mellbin Linda , Norhammar Anna , Näsman Per , Rydén Lars , Sesti Giorgio , Ferrannini Giulia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background: Females are generally less prone to cardiovascular (CV) events than males, but this protection in trumped by the presence of diabetes. The mechanism behind the increased relative risk in females with diabetes is not fully understood. Insulin resistance (IR) is suggested to be a more important contributor to CV morbidity in females than in males. We aim at investigating differences in the association between IR indexes (Homeostatic Model Assessment of IR - HOMA-IR, visceral adiposity index – VAI, and triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol - TG/HDL-C index), and a first myocardial infarction (MI) across different glycaemic states.
Methods: In this post-hoc analysis of the PAROKRANK study, IR indexes were calculated in a population with (n=696) and without (n=707) a first MI, free from known diabetes. MI patients were investigated at least six weeks after the event. All participants were categorized by an oral glucose tolerance test as having normal glucose tolerance, impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, or newly diagnosed diabetes. Comparison of proportion of glycaemic states by sex was tested by chi-square test. The associations between sex, a first MI, IR indexes, and traditional CV risk factors were analysed by multivariate logistic regression models. Continuous variables were logarithmically transformed.
Results: Of the total population 19% were females and 81% males, out of whom 47% and 50% had a first MI, respectively. Compared with males, females were older, less often smokers, with lower body mass index and higher total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The proportion of glycaemic states did not differ between the sexes (p=0.06). Females were less insulin resistant than males. In logistic regression models adjusted for major CV risk factors including sex, the associations between VAI and TG/HDL-C index and a first non-fatal MI remained significant only in females (odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals: 1.7, 1.0-2.9 and 1.9, 1.1-3.4 respectively).
Conclusions: These results support the assumption that IR is of special importance as a CV risk factor in females and IR indexes based on anthropometrics and lipid panel, i.e., VAI and TG/HDL-C, could be a better measure of IR and CV-predictor in females than in males.
Exploring Online Sexual Abuse and Risky Sexual Behaviors: A Comparative Analysis of Adolescents with ADHD and Healthy Controls
Authors: Ozdag Veysel , Soylu Nusret , Yuce Servet 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Aim: This study investigates the relationship between online sexual abuse, risky sexual behaviors, and ADHD symptoms in adolescents.
Method:We examined 118 adolescents with ADHD and 117 healthy controls using cross-sectional data collection. Measures included sociodemographic, an online sexual abuse scale, and the Conners Parent Rating Scale. Online sexual abuse was categorized into victimization, receiving/sending sexual content messages, and online sexual bullying. Data analysis used SPSS 28.0.
Results:ADHD and control groups matched in age/gender, but ADHD group had lower academic performance. Online sexual abuse was higher in ADHD (50%) than controls (31.6%). ADHD group showed significantly higher rates of sexual victimization (33.1% vs. 17.1%) and receiving sexual content messages (38.1% vs. 23.9%). Older ADHD children received more sexual content messages, girls had higher victimization rates, and poor academic performance correlated with more online sexual abuse. Comorbid conditions like Oppositional Defiant Disorder increased online sexual abuse risk. Adolescents with ADHD exhibiting online abuse scored higher on Conners Parent Rating Scale subscales.
Discussion:This study reveals a heightened risk of online sexual abuse in adolescents with ADHD and identifies associated factors. Future research should delve deeper into these factors and their ties to ADHD.
Metallurgical evaluation and wear resistance at room and high temperature of Stellite-6/WC-6Co coatings deposited by laser cladding process
Authors: Félix-Martínez Christian , Salgado-López Juan Manuel , López-Martínez Aldo , García-Salas Luis Daniel , González-Carmona Juan , Cruz-González Celso Eduardo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Research have focused on finding solutions to prolong the life of metal parts which suffer damage from wear. Hard facing is a suitable solution and Co-based alloys and ultimately metal matrix composites have been used due to their high wear resistance. In this work, the wear resistance at room temperature (RT) and at 600°C of Stellite-6/WC-6Co coatings obtained by laser cladding was evaluated, deposited using continuous (CW) and pulsed wave (PW), and varying the idle time. The coatings deposited with CW showed higher hardness in the matrix (785–843 HV); meanwhile, the PW showed values between 623–786 HV. The increase in hardness was attributed to the higher W and C diffusion towards the matrix. The use of PW reduced diffusion due to the higher cooling rates. Similarly, coatings deposited with CW obtained the best wear resistance both temperature conditions, with values between 11.81 x10− 6 mm3/Nm and 39.39 x10− 6 mm3/Nm, respectively. At RT, W and C diffusion promoted the formation of carbides that had a lubricating effect; however, at high temperature, tribo-oxidation occurred with the formation of protective layers of oxides. Stellite-6/WC-6Co coatings showed good wear resistance, which makes them an alternative to improve the useful life of metallic components.
A Cutting Plane Approach to Maximization of Fundamental Frequency in Truss Topology Optimization
Authors: Pessoa Artur Alves , Aroztegui José Miguel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

This work introduces a cutting plane algorithm to solve the maximization of the minimum frequency of truss structures subject to volume and compliance constraints.Multiple load cases and multiple scenarios of non-structural mass distributions are considered.This problem is formulated as a non-convex semi-definite programming problem with Bi-linear Matrix Inequality (BMI) constraints.The proposed algorithm consists of iteratively tightening a linear relaxation of that problem.A new family of linear constraints (cutting planes) is defined as a linearization of BMI constraints.It is proved that the algorithm can find a violated valid cut for any infeasible solution that could be found in any iteration.Implementation details of the algorithm are given.We show the robustness of the method with some numerical examples and compare its performance with other available solvers.The reported results indicate that the new method outperforms the previous ones when the number of load cases and non-structural masses scenarios is big.
Creatine and L-carnitine attenuate muscular laminopathy in the LMNA mutation transgenic zebrafish
Authors: Yuh Chiou-Hwa , Pan Shao-Wei , Wang Horng-Dar , Hsiao He-Yun , Hsu Po-Jui , Tseng Yung-Che , Liang Wen-Chen , Jong Yuh-Jyh 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
LMNA gene mutations cause debilitating striated muscle laminopathies, affecting cardiac and skeletal muscles, with limited treatments. This study investigates five LMNA mutations using zebrafish models. Transgenic zebrafish expressing wild-type LMNAand each mutation are extensively profiled for morphology, behavior, and histology, with a focus on skeletal muscles. Drug screening and transcriptomic analysis uncover altered gene expression. Intriguing phenotypes emerge in adult zebrafish with LMNA mutations. LMNA(W520G) variants exhibit a mortality rate within three months. LMNA(A539V) fish exhibit abnormalities in F0 adults and crooked bodies in F1 adults, similar to LMNA(R453W) F1 fish. Larvae of LMNA(L35P), LMNA(E358K), and LMNA(R453W) transgenic fish swim slower than AB(WT) and LMNA(WT) in DanioVision. All LMNA transgenic adult fish, except LMNA(E358K), show reduced swimming speed and muscle endurance compared to AB(WT) in T-maze and swimming tunnel tests. Histochemical staining reveals decreased fiber size in LMNA(L35P), LMNA(E358K), LMNA(R453W), and LMNA(A539V) transgenic fish. Drug screening identifies L-carnitine treatment rescuing muscle endurance in LMNA(L35P) and creatine treatment reversing muscle endurance in LMNA(R453W) zebrafish models. Creatine activates AMPK and mTOR pathways, improving muscle endurance and swimming speed in LMNA(R453W) fish. Transcriptomic profiling reveals upstream regulators and affected genes contributing to motor dysfunction, cardiac anomalies, and ion flux dysregulation in LMNA mutant transgenic fish. These findings mimic clinical manifestations of muscular laminopathies, including dysmorphism, early mortality, decreased fiber size, and muscle dysfunction in zebrafish. Moreover, drug screening suggests L-carnitine and creatine treatments as potential rescuers of muscle endurance in LMNA(L35P) and LMNA(R453W) zebrafish models, offering insights into treating LMNA-related muscular laminopathy.
Comparative physicochemical and structural characterisation studies establish high Biosimilarity between BGL-ASP and Reference Insulin Aspart
Authors: Ghade Nikhil , Thappa Damodar , Lona Jeseena , Krishnan Archana , Sonar Sanjay 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Biosimilar insulin analogues are increasing market access for diabetic patients globally. Scientific establishment of biosimilarity is cornerstone of this key change in the medical landscape. BGL-ASP is a biosimilar insulin aspart developed by BioGenomics Limited, India. BioGenomics has considered a stepwise approach in generating the totality of evidence required to establish similarity with reference product. Insulin aspart is a recombinant rapid-acting human insulin analogue utilised in the treatment of type-1 and type-2 diabetes mellitus. The single amino acid substitution at position B28 where proline is replaced with aspartic acid results in a decreased propensity to form hexamers, thus increasing the absorption rate on subcutaneous administration compared to native insulin. In order to establish the safety and efficacy of BGL-ASP, the critical quality attributes (CQAs) of BGL-ASP are identified based on the impact created on biological activity, pharmacokinetic/ pharmacodynamic (PK/PD), immunogenicity and safety. The CQAs of insulin aspart are related to product structure, purity and functionality and are characterised using a series of state-of-the-art orthogonal analytical tools. The primary protein sequence, the secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure are found to be highly similar for BGL-ASP and reference product. The product related impurities of insulin aspart and the assay content are determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) based analysis and is similar for BGL-ASP and reference insulin aspart sourced from United States of America (US), Europe Union (EU) and India. The safety, efficacy and immunogenicity of BGL-ASP is also found to be comparable with reference product and is confirmed through the clinical trials conducted as recommended by International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) guidelines. The data encompassed in this study demonstrates that reference insulin aspart and BGL-ASP are highly similar in terms of structural, physicochemical, and biological properties, thus confirming its safety and efficacy for usage as potential alternative economical medicinal treatment for diabetes mellitus.
Network Pharmacology and Metabolomic Effects in vivo of Fufang Duzhong Jiangu Granules for the Treatment of Kashin-Beck Disease
Authors: Deng Xingxing , Niu Hui , Zhang Qian , Wen Jinfeng , Zhao Yijun , Li Wenyu , Liu Huan , Guo Xiong , Zhang Feng , Wu Cuiyan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background: Fufang Duzhong Jiangu Granules (FDJG) is used clinically for treating swelling, pain and functional impairment caused by osteoarthropathy. However, the potential therapeutic mechanisms of FDJG for Kashin-Beck Disease (KBD) remain unclear.
Objective: Our study aims to predict the drug efficacy and molecular mechanisms of FDJG in the treatment of KBD based on network pharmacology, metabolomics and molecular docking.
Methods: The active ingredients and target proteins of FDJG were obtained from TCMSP database, and analyzed in conjunction with the differential genes of KBD. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis, PPI network construction and topological characteristics evaluation, molecular docking were performed to explore gene function and potential mechanisms of FDJG in the treatment of KBD. Furthermore, FDJG treatment for one month was administered to patients with KBD, and some differentially expressed genes and metabolic effects before and after treatmentwere measured using qPCR and nontargeted metabolomics methods. Further gene-metabolism joint pathway analysis was conducted.
Results: There were 151 genes which are the therapeutic targets of FDJG in the treatment of KBD. 48 core target proteins were mainly enriched in PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, apoptosis and osteoclast differentiation. Quercetin, kaempferol and luteolin in FDJG could strongly bind to TP53, STAT3, HSP90AA1, etc., which had important anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects in the treatment of KBD. After one-month FDJG treatment, the RNA expression levels of STAT3, FOS and RELA in peripheral blood of KBD patients were significantly down-regulated. A total of 80 differential expressed metabolites were identified in the plasma of KBD patients. Drug targets and differential metabolites were co-enriched in four metabolic pathways: glycerophospholipid metabolism, inositol phosphate metabolism, phosphatidylinositol signaling system, and steroid hormone biosynthesis.
Conclusion: FDJG may effectively treat KBD by anti-inflammatory and regulating abnormal lipid metabolism pathway, which has great potential in the treatment of patients with KBD.
Assessment of Pollution Indices of Microplastic Contamination in Commercially Important Brachyuran Crab (Portunus sanguinolentus)
Authors: Rabari Vasantkumar , Patel Heris , Rakib Md. Refat Jahan , Trivedi Jigneshkumar , Malafaia Guilherme , M. Idris Abubakr 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Microplastic (MP) in seafood is a growing area of food safety. In the present study, MP contamination in the commercially important crab,Portunus sanguinolentus,of Gujarat state, India, was assessed. A total of 300 crab specimens were collected from three principal fishing harbors in Gujarat. The collected specimens were analyzed using a previously used methodology. The average abundance of MP was recorded as 0.67 ± 0.62 MPs/g. The pollution indices revealed high contamination and fell under class IV (Jakhau) and V risk categories (Okha and Veraval). Threads were found dominantly. Blue and black-colored MPs with 1–2 mm sizes were recorded dominantly. Polyethylene, Polyethylene tetraphene, polyurethane, polystyrene, and polypropylene were identified as polymer compositions of MPs. Concludingly, the present study gives an insight into the MP in crabs, which can help design further investigations on the toxicity of MPs in seafood.
Directed evolution of a keratinase BLk from Bacillus licheniformis to enhance the solvent tolerance
Authors: Zhu Fucheng , Yan Zixu , Dai Jingli , Li Guosi , Xu Qiling , Ma Yunfeng , Ma Jingbo , Chen Naidong , Zang Yongjun 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Keratinase, an important protein used in hair degradation, requires stability enhancement in industrial applications due to the harsh reaction environment for keratin hydrolysis. Previous studies have focused on improving the thermostability of keratinase. In this study, directed evolution was applied to enhance the organic solvent stability of keratinase BLk from Bacillus licheniformis. Three excellent mutants were screened and exhibited significantly improved stability in various solvents, although similar results were not observed in terms of thermostability. The identified mutations were located on the enzyme's surface. The half-life of the D41A, A24E, and A24Q mutants increased by 47-, 63-, and 61-fold, respectively, in the presence of 50% (v/v) acetonitrile compared to the wild-type. Similarly, in the presence of 50% (v/v) acetone, the half-life of these mutants increased by 22-, 27-, and 27-fold compared to the wild-type. Importantly, the proteolytic activity of all selected mutants was similar to that of the parent keratinase BLk. Furthermore, molecular dynamic simulation was employed to analyze the possible reasons for the enhanced solvent stability. The results suggest that increased intramolecular interactions, such as hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions, may contribute to the improved solvent tolerance. The mutants obtained in this study hold significant potential for industrial applications.
Bleeding skin lesions in gestating sows of a piglet producing farm in Austria
Authors: Schwarz Lukas , Hamar Flora , Bernreiter-Hofer Tanja , Loncaric Igor , Arnold Mirjam , Voglmayr Thomas , Ladinig Andrea 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Stomoxys calcitrans, the stable fly, occurs in pig producing countries worldwide. While in cattle the impact of this blood sucking insect is quite well described, its role in pig production is poorly investigated. Here we describe a case of a massive stable fly overpopulation in the gestation unit of a piglet producing farm in Austria that resulted in bleeding skin lesions in bitten sows.
Case Presentation
In October 2021, the responsible herd veterinarian of the case farm reported of sows in the gestation area presenting with bloody crusts on the whole skin surface of the body and of bleeding skin lesions. 33/50 sows were affected by moderate to severe skin lesions. Reproductive performance decreased during the time of massive stable fly overpopulation. Sows in the gestation unit showed defensive behaviour and at a certain time point resigned and accepted being bitten by stable flies. After controlling the fly population, reproductive performance improved and even exceeded the performance before the massive overgrowth of the stable fly population.
Conclusions
Stable flies are a serious harm to pigs and should be kept in mind for improved animal health and welfare. Knowledge about the determination of Stomoxys calcitrans and early recognition of an increasing stable fly population in pig farming systems followed by proper insect control measures have to be performed to reduce losses caused by this harming insect.
Corneal involvement in multicentric reticulohistiocytosis, a case report
Authors: Helal rehab , Nayeb Mohamad , Gharib Miral , Alqahtani Omar 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis (MRH) is a rare non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the skin and articular tissues that can involve other organs. Involvement of the ocular region is usually confined to the skin and ocular adnexa. Corneal involvement has never been reported with MRH. Here we are reporting a case of MRH with corneal lesion.
Long-range hybrid plasmonic waveguide of graded-index InGaAsP active layer based on InP_language correction
Authors: Shneen Watheq Fahem , Ameen sabah M M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A hybrid plasmonic waveguide based on indium phosphide (InP) was proposed for nanoscale optical confinement and long-range propagation at a wavelength of 1.55 µm. The waveguide consists of an InGaAsP layer designed as a ridge with a gold cap. The InGaAsP materials are suitable for InP substrates. The refractive index of In1 − xGaxAsyP1−y was graded by changing the mole fraction to improve the confinement and propagation length compared with the conventional one. Changing only the y parameter with constant x results in a propagation length increase compared to the inverse case, changing only the parameter x. This parallels good results in the mode effective area (Aeff) and figure-of-merit (FoM) for the exact condition of changing y, expressing a good confinement condition. A propagation length of 40 µm is achieved with better confinement than the standard hybrid case. The designs proposed in this paper were simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics.