bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whole transcriptome profiling of placental pathobiology in SARS‐CoV‐2 pregnancies identifies placental dysfunction signatures
Authors: Stylianou Nataly , Sebina Ismail , Matigian Nicholas , Monkman James , Doehler Hadeel , Röhl Joan , Allenby Mark , Nam Andy , Pan Liuliu , Rockstroh Anja , Sadeghirad Habib , Chung Kimberly , Sobanski Thais , O'Byrne Ken , Almeida Ana Clara Simoes Florido , Rebutini Patricia Zadorosnei , Machado‐Souza Cleber , Stonoga Emanuele Therezinha Schueda , Warkiani Majid E , Salomon Carlos , Short Kirsty , McClements Lana , de Noronha Lucia , Huang Ruby , Belz Gabrielle T , Souza‐Fonseca‐Guimaraes Fernando , Clifton Vicki , Kulasinghe Arutha 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectivesSevere Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) virus infection in pregnancy is associated with higher incidence of placental dysfunction, referred to by a few studies as a ‘preeclampsia‐like syndrome’. However, the mechanisms underpinning SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced placental malfunction are still unclear. Here, we investigated whether the transcriptional architecture of the placenta is altered in response to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.MethodsWe utilised whole‐transcriptome, digital spatial profiling, to examine gene expression patterns in placental tissues from participants who contracted SARS‐CoV‐2 in the third trimester of their pregnancy (n = 7) and those collected prior to the start of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic (n = 9).ResultsThrough comprehensive spatial transcriptomic analyses of the trophoblast and villous core stromal cell subpopulations in the placenta, we identified SARS‐CoV‐2 to promote signatures associated with hypoxia and placental dysfunction. Notably, genes associated with vasodilation (NOS3), oxidative stress (GDF15, CRH) and preeclampsia (FLT1, EGFR, KISS1, PAPPA2) were enriched with SARS‐CoV‐2. Pathways related to increased nutrient uptake, vascular tension, hypertension and inflammation were also enriched in SARS‐CoV‐2 samples compared to uninfected controls.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate the utility of spatially resolved transcriptomic analysis in defining the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of SARS‐CoV‐2 in pregnancy, particularly its role in placental dysfunction. Furthermore, this study highlights the significance of digital spatial profiling in mapping the intricate crosstalk between trophoblasts and villous core stromal cells, thus shedding light on pathways associated with placental dysfunction in pregnancies with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
Impact of the electrode structure on post‐cathode plasma in the grid electrode DC glow discharge
Authors: Ma Yiqun , Lyu Xingbao , Yuan Chengxun , Avtaeva Svetlana , Kudryavtsev Anatoly , Zhou Zhongxiang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe discharge properties of post‐cathode plasma generated by grid electrode discharge were investigated. Post‐cathode plasma is the plasma, generated in an open discharge, at the other side of the cathode that is different from the electrode gap. Based on the unique electron transport, discharge chamber parameters were adjusted to compare their impact on the electron density of the post‐cathode plasma. The peak of the electron flow in the grid cathode hole and the peak of the post‐cathode plasma thickness appear in the same diameter of the grid electrode holes, which shows the crucial influence of the electron transport within the grid cathode on the post‐cathode plasma. The study also investigated the combined effects of cathode thickness and gas pressure on post‐cathode plasma thickness. The findings suggest that the primary factor influencing post‐cathode plasma thickness is the electron transport within the grid cathode.
Ergodic rate analysis and power allocation schemes for a novel active simultaneous transmission and reflection reconfigurable intelligent surface‐aided wireless network
Authors: Maheswara Rao Ukyam Uma , Kumar Gurrala Kiran 
Published: February 2024

SummaryIn this work, we propose the ergodic rate analysis and power allocation schemes for a novel active simultaneous transmits and reflects reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR‐RIS) aided downlink wireless network. Here, the system model comprises of a single antenna source node (S) that uses the ES protocol to broadcast information to two users (T user and R user) via active STAR‐RIS. Each active STAR‐RIS element can function simultaneously in transmission and reflection modes owing to this ES protocol. We first derive the closed‐form analytical expressions for the system's ergodic rate. An optimization problem is formulated with a total power constraint to enhance the ergodic rate of the proposed system. A computationally inexpensive particle swarm optimization‐based power allocation (PSO‐PA) scheme and the Lagrange multiplier method (LMM) are adopted to solve the described optimization problem and to find the optimized power allocation factors for the source node and the active STAR‐RIS that can enhance the ergodic rate. Additionally, a comparison of the suggested PSO‐PA scheme, the LMM approach, and the equal power allocation (EPA) scheme is shown in terms of ergodic rate. Our results unveil that the proposed active STAR‐RIS system outperforms the passive STAR‐RIS and conventional RIS (transmitting/reflecting) aided systems. Further, the ergodic rate can be significantly improved with the proposed PSO‐PA and LMM schemes over the EPA scheme.
Preliminary validation of the Virtual Kitchen Challenge as an objective and sensitive measure of everyday function associated with cerebrovascular disease
Authors: Holmqvist Sophia L. , Jobson Katie , Desalme Dennis , Simone Stephanie M. , Tassoni Molly , McKniff Moira , Yamaguchi Takehiko , Olson Ingrid , Martin Nadine , Giovannetti Tania 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPreliminary validity of a computer‐based test of everyday function (Virtual Kitchen Challenge [VKC]) was examined against brain‐imaging markers of cerebrovascular disease and in contrast to conventional neuropsychological and self‐report measures. Twenty community‐dwelling older adults (n = 6 mild cognitive impairment) performed simulated breakfast and lunch tasks using a computer touchscreen (VKC). Automated measures (completion time, proportion time off screen, etc.) were computed during training and test conditions. White matter hyperintensity (WMH) volumes from brain magnetic resonance imaging and conventional measures of cognition and function also were obtained. VKC completion time and proportion time off screen improved significantly from training to test and were significantly associated with WMH volume (r > 0.573). VKC measures and WMH were not significantly correlated with conventional cognitive or self‐report measures. The VKC holds promise as a valid measure of subtle functional difficulties in older adults that is sensitive to change and cerebrovascular pathology, highlighting its potential for clinical trials.Highlights
Virtual Kitchen Challenge (VKC) scores showed significant improvement from training to test conditions.
VKC scores (completion time and proportion of time off screen) were associated with a neuroimaging biomarker of brain health (white matter hyperintensities).
COVID and cytopathology training: Impact and innovations
Authors: Das Kasturi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGraduate medical education and training in Cytopathology faced numerous unexpected challenges during the COVID‐19 pandemic of 2020. It was caused by the SARS‐Co‐V2 coronavirus and transmitted by breathing droplets or aerosol particles containing the virus and less commonly by contact with infected surfaces and fomites. To mitigate the rapid spread of disease non‐essential services were closed, surgical procedures were prioritized, and “social distancing” was implemented. These measures led to a marked decline in the volume of specimens, number of fine needle aspiration (FNA) and rapid on‐site evaluation procedures performed. The trainees in Pathology were required to stay at home either entirely or partly during the early period of the pandemic. This led to re‐designing of the cytopathology training program nationwide. Many innovative methods and protocols were put in place to overcome the challenges faced and adjustments made in creating the virtual training program in Cytopathology. On May 5th, 2023, the WHO declared that COVID‐19 was no longer a global emergency. Regulations were lifted and healthcare services returned to pre‐pandemic era. Graduate medical education and training returned to normal however many changes were incorporated into the training program moving forward. Herein the impacts and innovations that COVID‐19 had on Cytopathology training are described.
Emotion coaching skills as an augmentation to family‐based therapy for adolescents with anorexia nervosa: A pilot effectiveness study with families with high expressed emotion
Authors: Aarnio‐Peterson Claire M. , Le Grange Daniel , Mara Constance A. , Modi Avani C. , Offenbacker North Emily , Zegarac Miriam , Stevens Kimberly , Matthews Abigail , Mitan Laurie , Shaffer Anne 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the feasibility and acceptability of augmenting family‐based treatment (FBT) for adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN) or atypical anorexia nervosa (AAN) with a parent emotion coaching intervention (EC) focused on reducing parent expressed emotion.MethodIn this pilot effectiveness trial, families of adolescents with AN/AAN exhibiting high expressed emotion received standard FBT with either (1) EC group or (2) support group (an attention control condition focused on psychoeducation).ResultsForty‐one adolescents with AN or AAN were recruited (88% female, Mage = 14.9 ± 1.6 years, 95% White: Non‐Hispanic, 1% White: Hispanic, 1% Bi‐racial: Asian). Most study adolescents were diagnosed with AN (59%) while 41% were diagnosed with AAN. Participating parents were predominantly mothers (95%). Recruitment and retention rates were moderately high (76% and 71%, respectively). High acceptability and feasibility ratings were obtained from parents and interventionists with 100% reporting the EC intervention was “beneficial”–“very beneficial.” The FBT + EC group demonstrated higher parental warmth scores at post‐treatment compared to the control group (standardized effect size difference, d = 1.58), which was maintained at 3‐month follow‐up. Finally, at post‐treatment, the FBT + EC group demonstrated higher rates of full remission from AN/AAN (40%) compared to FBT + support (27%), and were nine times more likely to be weight restored by 3‐month follow‐up.DiscussionAugmenting FBT with emotion coaching for parents with high expressed emotion is acceptable, feasible, and demonstrates preliminary effectiveness.Public SignificanceFamily based treatment for AN/AAN is the recommended treatment for youth but families with high criticism/low warmth are less likely to respond to this treatment. Adding a parent emotion coaching group (EC) where parents learn to talk to their adolescents about tough emotions is feasible and well‐liked by families.
Persistent convex ST‐segment elevation in a patient with a history of prior intracerebral haemorrhage
Authors: Jiang Jian , Jin Chengjiang , Yu Shuo , Cheng Yunxian , Wu Yinggang , Ma Hong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractManagement of patients with acute chest pain poses a significant challenge in identifying those requiring urgent coronary reperfusion. Electrocardiogram (ECG) constitutes the cornerstone in making prompt clinical decisions by identifying ST‐segment elevation, commonly associated with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction. It is important to note that ST‐segment elevation can also be a manifestation of various cardiac and non‐cardiac conditions, from acute myocarditis, early repolarization syndrome, acute pericarditis, and left bundle branch block to unknown origins. The similarity of ECG changes among these conditions complicates clinical differential diagnosis, necessitating a detailed medical history and thorough examinations. Here, we presented a case of a 52‐year‐old female with chest pain and unidentified convex ST‐segment elevation. Considering the negative emergent coronary angiography results, normal echocardiography, and long‐lasting ST‐segment elevation for the following 1 year, the final diagnosis was non‐myocardial infarction, probably related to a prior cerebral haemorrhage.
Diagnostic procedure for localized constrictive pericarditis leading to bilateral pleural effusion: two case reports
Authors: Liu Shaowei , Li Zhi , Li Naijian , Wei Weifeng , Liang Xinyin , Wang Jinlin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractConstrictive pericarditis is a rare disease. Localized constrictive pericarditis leading to bilateral pleural effusion is more difficult to recognize, and the diagnostic procedure can be ambiguous. Here, we report two patients diagnosed with localized constrictive pericarditis who presented with bilateral pleural effusion. A thorough work‐up showed that the pleural effusion was nonspecific, as was the pathology of the pleura. One patient had a history of pericardial effusion 2 years ago, and the other had undergone surgery for an anterior mediastinum teratoma. Pericardial scarring was found on their chest CT scans. The patients underwent pericardiectomy, and localized pericardial thickening was excised. The bilateral pleural effusion was effectively cured, and the patients showed satisfactory recovery on follow‐up. Physicians should be aware of localized pericarditis leading to bilateral pleural effusion, and pericardiectomy is an effective diagnostic and therapeutic procedure.
Familial effects account for association between chronic pain and past month smoking
Authors: Rader L. , Reineberg A. E. , Petre B. , Wager T. D. , Friedman N. P. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundSmoking is associated with chronic pain, but it is not established whether smoking causes pain or if the link is due to familial effects. One proposed mechanism is that smoking strengthens maladaptive cortico‐striatal connectivity, which contributes to pain chronification. We leveraged a twin design to assess direct effects of smoking on pain controlling for familial confounds, and whether cortico‐striatal connectivity mediates this association.MethodsIn a population‐based sample of 692 twins (age = 28.83 years), we assessed past‐month smoking frequency (n = 132 used in the past month), presence and severity of a current pain episode (n = 179 yes), and resting‐state functional connectivity of the nucleus accumbens and medial prefrontal cortex (NAc‐mPFC).ResultsSmoking was significantly associated with pain, but the association was not significantly mediated by NAc‐mPFC connectivity. In a co‐twin control model, smoking predicted which families had more pain but could not distinguish pain between family members. Pain risk was 43% due to additive genetic (A) and 57% due to non‐shared environmental (E) influences. Past‐month smoking frequency was 71% genetic and 29% non‐shared environmental. Smoking and pain significantly correlated phenotypically (r = 0.21, p = 0.001) and genetically (rg = 0.51, p < 0.001), but not environmentally (re = −0.18, p = 0.339).ConclusionsPain and smoking are associated; however, the association appears to reflect shared familial risk factors, such as genetic risk, rather than being causal in nature. The connectivity strength of the reward pathway was not related to concurrent pain and smoking in this sample.SignificanceSmoking does not appear to directly cause chronic pain; rather, there may be shared biopsychosocial risk factors, including genetic influences, that explain their association. These findings can be integrated into future research to identify shared biological pathways of both chronic pain and smoking behaviours as a way to conceptualize pain chronification.
Modulation of pain perception through transcranial alternating current stimulation and its nonlinear relationship with the simulated electric field magnitude
Authors: Ikarashi H. , Otsuru N. , Gomez‐Tames J. , Hirata A. , Nagasaka K. , Miyaguchi S. , Sakurai N. , Ohno K. , Kodama N. , Onishi H. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundOscillatory activities observed in multiple regions are closely associated with the experience of pain. Specifically, oscillatory activities within the theta‐ and beta‐frequency bands, observed in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), have been implicated in pain perception among healthy individuals and those with chronic pain. However, their physiological significance remains unclear.MethodsWe explored the modulation of pain perception in healthy individuals by theta‐ and beta‐band transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) over the left DLPFC and examined the relationship between the modulation effect and magnitude of the electric field elicited by tACS in the left DLPFC using computational simulation.ResultsOur findings revealed that both theta‐ and beta‐tACS increased the heat pain threshold during and after stimulation. Notably, the simulated electric field magnitude in the left DLPFC exhibited an inverted U‐shaped relationship with the pain modulation effect for theta‐tACS.ConclusionsOur study findings suggested that there would be an optimal electric field strength to produce a high analgesic effect for theta‐tACS.SignificanceThe application of theta‐ and beta‐tACS interventions targeting the left DLPFC might facilitate the treatment of chronic pain. Furthermore, the attainment of effective pain modulation via theta‐tACS over the DLPFC warrants the use of optimal stimulus intensity.
Sleep duration and screen time in children and adolescents: Simultaneous moderation role in the relationship between waist circumference and cardiometabolic risk according to physical activity
Authors: Sehn Ana Paula , Brand Caroline , Tornquist Luciana , Tornquist Debora , Silveira João Francisco de Castro , Gaya Anelise Reis , Cristi‐Montero Carlos , Burns Ryan Donald , Renner Jane Dagmar Pollo , Reuter Cézane Priscila 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTo evaluate the simultaneous moderating role of sleep duration and screen time in the relationship between waist circumference (WC) and clustered cardiometabolic risk score (cMetS) according to children and adolescents' physical activity. A cross‐sectional study was conducted on 3072 children and adolescents (aged 6–17 years, 57.5% girls). Physical activity, sleep duration, and screen time were assessed through a self‐report questionnaire. The cMetS was determined by averaging the z‐scores of risk factors and dividing it by four. Moderation analyses were tested through multiple linear regression models. Among physically active individuals, sleep duration (p = 0.85) and screen time (p = 0.96) had no influence on the relationship between WC and cMetS. However, a positive interaction between WC x screen time and cMetS (p = 0.04) was observed for physically inactive participants. Concerning sleep duration, there was no interaction with WC. Participants who spent 60 min of screen time presented lower cMetS, even presenting high WC, compared to the higher tertiles of screen time (180 and 360 min). However, although the interaction between sleep duration and WC was not significant, it was observed that the lowest tertile of sleep duration (482 min) combined with 60 min of screen time presented lower cMetS even with the presence of high WC. Our findings encourage compliance with physical activity guidelines associated with the adoption of adequate screen time to minimize the influence of waist circumference on cMetS.
Application of butyrylcholinesterase‐based biosensor for simultaneous determination of different toxicants using inhibition and reactivation steps
Authors: Soldatkin O. O. , Pyeshkova V. M. , Kucherenko I. S. , Velychko T. P. , Bakhmat V. A. , Arkhypova V. M. , Soldatkin. A. P. , Dzyadevych S. V. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFast and simple detection of toxic compounds in aqueous solutions is important for agriculture and pollution monitoring. Enzyme‐based electrochemical biosensors are a promising platform for this task, but they usually lack the ability to distinguish between toxicants if more than one toxicant is present in the sample. Herein, we propose a new method of detection of various toxic compounds in complex multi‐component water samples using an electrochemical biosensor and additional stages of enzyme reactivation. The biosensor is based on butyrylcholinesterase immobilized on the surface of conductometric transducers using glutaraldehyde cross‐linking. It was shown that the biosensor is sensitive to organophosphorus pesticides, heavy metals ions, glycoalkaloids, but has a limited sensitivity to mycotoxins and surfactants. We propose a procedure for the analysis of complex samples with several reactivation stages to be able to determine which category of toxicants is present. Glycoalkaloids are reversible inhibitors and biosensor's activity is restored by washing in working buffer; heavy metal ions and pesticides are irreversible inhibitors and biosensor's activity is restored by incubation in EDTA and PAM‐2 solutions, correspondingly. This biosensor can be used for the detection of separate toxicants or for analysis of their mixtures in aqueous samples. It can be also used for the evaluation of total toxicity of the samples and applied for water quality monitoring.
Defining artificial intelligence as a policy problem: A discourse network analysis from Germany
Authors: Lemke Nicole , Trein Philipp , Varone Frédéric 
Published: February 2024

AbstractScholars agree that digital technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) pose a political challenge. In this article, we study empirically how different actors in the German political system define AI as a policy problem. We use an original data set of 6421 statements by representatives of political parties, interest groups, scientific experts, and public officials in parliamentary debates, government consultations, and quality newspapers. Through Discourse Network Analysis and quantitative text analyses we show that most actors define AI as technology (innovation) policy and link it to government operations, international cooperation, and macroeconomics. Although they are present, consumer protection, labor, and education seem to be less important policy issues concerning AI. The results imply that the capacity of the national government to reduce problem definition uncertainty and to steer the political agenda is difficult and that most actors focus on technological innovation rather than civil rights‐related aspects.