bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CIMER in Turkey: A revolutionary platform for political participation or a tool for authoritarianism?
Authors: Ezikoğlu Çağlar 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis article explains CIMER (Presidency's Communication Centre) in Turkey, one of the e‐government applications in Turkish public administration that transform political communication and political participation from theory to practice. In this context, it examines the debates that CIMER, which is described as an important institution in the context of political participation, has allegedly turned into an institution that contributed to authoritarianism in Turkey in the following years. Methodologically, legal regulations on the historical establishment of CIMER, public statements of CIMER's bureaucrats and news about CIMER reflected in the media will be used as the primary research data. The result obtained from these data shows the originality of the study and its contribution to the field. Unlike the studies conducted so far, which are limited to the positive contributions of CIMER and public policy analysis, CIMER has been explored as a tool of authoritarianism on the axis of political science.
Contrasting invasion patterns of two closely related Solidago alien species
Authors: Skokanová Katarína , Španiel Stanislav , Šingliarová Barbora , Mereďa Pavol , Hodálová Iva , Svitok Marek 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimNew areas are often simultaneously invaded by closely related alien species; however, between‐species differences in the course of their invasive spreading due to diverse ecological preferences have rarely been investigated. Here, we aim to study the species‐specific spatio‐temporal invasion patterns of Solidago canadensis and S. gigantea.LocationSlovakia—the Western Carpathian and adjacent Pannonian regions.TaxonInvasive alien Solidago canadensis and S. gigantea.MethodsOur study was based on revised herbarium specimens, a recent field survey which included gathering abundance and habitat data, and environmental data from GIS layers. We characterised the environmental niche differentiation between S. canadensis and S. gigantea. Generalised additive models were then used to identify the key drivers of the species' occurrences and to assess their potential current and future distributions.ResultsBoth species began to spread in Slovakia in the 1850s; in the first 100 years, the number of S. gigantea sites increased exponentially, while that of S. canadensis remained low. Currently, S. canadensis is more widespread in the region. The species have similar habitat preferences. Their environmental niches overlap, but are not identical. The core distribution of S. canadensis is in foothills and valleys that experience lower annual mean temperatures, while that of S. gigantea is in lowlands with higher annual mean temperatures. A large part of their potential distribution areas seems to be already invaded. Possible future climate change could stimulate the spreading of S. canadensis into higher altitudes and S. gigantea farther into lowlands and Carpathian foothills.Main conclusionsThe studied invasive Solidago species differed considerably in the early stages of invasion. Their environmental niches, current realised and potential distribution patterns are different. In the studied region, further spreading, with an increase in the number and size of populations, is likely unless effective measures are undertaken.
Workforce resilience supporting staff in managing stress: A coherent breathing intervention for the long‐term care workforce
Authors: DeGraves Brittany S. , Titley Heather , Duan Yinfei , Thorne Trina E. , Banerjee Sube , Ginsburg Liane , Salma Jordana , Hegadoren Kathleen , Angel Cybele , Keefe Janice , Lanius Ruth , Estabrooks Carole A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundStaff in long‐term care (LTC) homes have long‐standing stressors, such as short staffing and high workloads. These stressors increased during the COVID‐19 pandemic; better resources are needed to help staff manage stress and well‐being. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a simple stress management strategy (coherent breathing).MethodsWe conducted a pre–post intervention study to evaluate a self‐managed coherent breathing intervention from February to September 2022. The intervention included basic (breathing only) and comprehensive (breathing plus a biofeedback device) groups. Six hundred eighty‐six participants were initially recruited (359 and 327 in the comprehensive and basic groups respectively) from 31 LTC homes in Alberta, Canada. Two hundred fifty‐four participants completed pre‐and post‐intervention questionnaires (142 [55.9%] in comprehensive and 112 [44.1%] in basic). Participants were asked to use coherent breathing based on a schedule increasing from 2 to 10 min daily, 5–7 times a week over 8 weeks. Participants completed self‐administered online questionnaires pre‐ and post‐intervention to assess outcomes—stress, psychological distress, anxiety, depression, resilience, insomnia, compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue, and burnout. We used a mixed‐effects regression model to test the main effect of time (pre‐ and post‐intervention) and group while testing the interaction between time and group and controlling for covariates.ResultsWe found statistically significant changes from pre‐ to post‐intervention in stress (b = −2.5, p < 0.001, 95% CI = −3.1, −1.9), anxiety (b = −0.5, p < 0.001, 95% CI = −0.7, −0.3), depression (b = −0.4, p < 0.001, 95% CI = −0.6, −0.2), insomnia (b = −1.5, p < 0.001, 95% CI = −2.1, −0.9), and resilience (b = 0.2, p < 0.001, 95% CI = 0.1, 0.2). We observed no statistically significant differences between the two intervention groups on any outcome.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that coherent breathing is a promising strategy for improving stress‐related outcomes and resilience. This intervention warrants further, more rigorous testing.
Pre‐hospitalization dysphagia and feeding tube placement in nursing home residents with advanced dementia
Authors: Robison Raele Donetha , Patel Sweta , Bunker Jennifer , Rudolph James L. , Teno Joan M. , Rogus‐Pulia Nicole 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundDespite research demonstrating the risks of using feeding tubes in persons with advanced dementia, they continue to be placed. The natural history of dysphagia among patients with advanced dementia has not been examined. We conducted a secondary analysis of a national cohort of persons with advanced dementia staying at a nursing home stay before hospitalization to examine (1) pre‐hospitalization dysphagia prevalence and (2) risk of feeding tube placement during hospitalization based on preexisting dysphagia.MethodsA retrospective cohort study consisting of all nursing home (NH) residents (≥66 years) with advanced dementia (Cognitive Function Scale score ≥2), a hospitalization between 2013–2017, and a Minimum Data Set (MDS) 3.0 assessment within 120 days before hospitalization. Pre‐hospitalization dysphagia status and surgically placed feeding tube insertion during hospitalization were determined by MDS 3.0 swallowing items and ICD‐9 codes, respectively. A multivariate logistic model clustering on hospital was used to examine the association of dysphagia with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) feeding tube placement after adjustment for confounders.ResultsBetween 2013 and 2017, 889,983 persons with NH stay with advanced dementia (mean age: 84.5, SD: 7.5, and 63.5% female) were hospitalized. Pre‐hospitalization dysphagia was documented in 5.4% (n = 47,574) and characterized by oral dysphagia (n = 21,438, 2.4%), pharyngeal dysphagia (n = 24,257, 2.7%), and general swallowing complaints/pain (n = 14,928, 1.7%). Overall, PEG feeding tubes were placed in 3529 patients (11.2%) with pre‐hospitalization dysphagia, whereas 27,893 (88.8%) did not have pre‐hospitalization dysphagia according to MDS 3.0 items. Feeding tube placement risk increased with the number of dysphagia items noted on the pre‐hospitalization MDS (6 vs. 0 dysphagia variables: OR = 5.43, 95% CI: 3.19–9.27).ConclusionsBased on MDS 3.0 assessment, only 11% of PEG feeding tubes were inserted in persons with prior dysphagia. Future research is needed on whether this represents inadequate assessment or the impact of potentially reversible intercurrent illness resulting in feeding tube placement.
Investigating the subjective and objective efficacy of a cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT‐I)‐based smartphone app on sleep: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hinterberger Alexandra , Eigl Esther‐Sevil , Schwemlein Robyn Nina , Topalidis Pavlos , Schabus Manuel 
Published: December 2023

SummaryDue to insufficient treatment options for insomnia, effective solutions are urgently needed. We evaluated the effects of a CBT‐I‐based app combining sleep training with subjective and objective sleep monitoring on (i) sleep and (ii) subjective‐objective sleep discrepancies (SOSD). Fifty‐seven volunteers (20–76 years; MAge = 45.67 ± 16.38; 39 female) suffering from sleep problems were randomly assigned to an experimental group (EG, n = 28) or a waitlist control group (CG, n = 29). During the 6‐week app phase, the EG used the CBT‐I‐based programme and a heart rate sensor for daily sleep monitoring and ‐feedback, while the CG used sleep monitoring only. Sleep was measured (i) subjectively via questionnaires (Insomnia Severity Index, ISI; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI), (ii) objectively via ambulatory polysomnography (PSG), and (iii) continuously via heart‐rate sensor and sleep diaries. Data revealed interactions for ISI (p = 0.003, ƞ2part = 0.11) and PSQI (p = 0.050, ƞ2part = 0.05), indicating training‐specific improvements in EG, yet not in CG. While PSG‐derived outcomes appear to be less training‐specific, a tendential reduction in wake after sleep onset (WASO) was found in EG (p = 0.061, d = 0.55). Regarding changes in SOSD, the results indicate improvements during the app phase (EG) for sleep efficiency, sleep onset latency, and WASO (p ≤ 0.022, d ≥ 0.46); for total sleep time both groups showed a SOSD reduction. The findings indicate beneficial effects of a novel smartphone app on sleep and SOSD. More scientific evaluation of such digital programmes is needed to ultimately help in reducing the gap in non‐pharmacological insomnia treatment.
Proton pump inhibitor therapy may alter the sensory motor characteristics of pharyngoesophageal motility in infants with suspected GERD
Authors: Jadcherla Sudarshan R. , Helmick Roseanna , Hasenstab Kathryn A. , Njeh Minna , Yildiz Vedat O. , Wei Lai , Slaughter Jonathan L. , Di Lorenzo Carlo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundAcid reflux index (ARI) is a biomarker for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The effects of short‐term proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy on pharyngoesophageal motility and clearance mechanisms in infants remain unknown. We hypothesized that pharyngoesophageal reflexes and response to PPI are distinct between infants with 3%–7% and >7% ARI.MethodsSecondary analysis was performed from a subset of infants who participated in a randomized controlled trial (NCT: 02486263). Infants (N = 36, 29.9 ± 4.3 weeks gestation) underwent 4 weeks of PPI therapy, 1 week of washout, and longitudinal testing to assess: (a) clinical outcomes; (b) pH‐impedance and symptom metrics including ARI, distal baseline impedance, clearance time, refluxate height, symptoms, I‐GERQ‐R scores, symptom association probability; (c) pharyngoesophageal motility reflexes and sensory motor characteristics. Comparisons were performed between infants with 3%–7% versus >7% ARI.Key ResultsFrom the 36 hospitalized infants treated: Pharyngoesophageal reflex latencies were prolonged (p > 0.05) and duration in ARI 3%–7% group only (p = 0.01); GER frequency, proximal ascent and clearance increased (ARI 3%–7%); weight gain velocity, oral feeding success, and fine motor score decreased while length of hospital stays increased in the ARI >7% group despite the decrease in symptoms and I‐GERQ‐R scores.Conclusions & InferencesDistinct changes in pharyngoesophageal sensory motor aspects of motility and reflex mechanisms exist after using PPI therapy in infants. Contributory factors may include the effects of maturation and aerodigestive comorbidities (GERD and BPD). Controlled studies incorporating placebo are needed to delineate the effects of PPI on causal and adaptive GERD mechanisms in infants with aerodigestive and feeding‐related comorbidities.
Mycorrhizal effects on crop yield and soil ecosystem functions in a long‐term tillage and fertilization experiment
Authors: Peng Zhenling , Johnson Nancy Collins , Jansa Jan , Han Jiayao , Fang Zhou , Zhang Yali , Jiang Shengjing , Xi Hao , Mao Lin , Pan Jianbin , Zhang Qi , Feng Huyuan , Fan Tinglu , Zhang Jianjun , Liu Yongjun 
Published: December 2023

Summary

It is well understood that agricultural management influences arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, but there is controversy about whether farmers should manage for AM symbiosis.

We assessed AM fungal communities colonizing wheat roots for three consecutive years in a long‐term (> 14 yr) tillage and fertilization experiment. Relationships among mycorrhizas, crop performance, and soil ecosystem functions were quantified.

Tillage, fertilizers and continuous monoculture all reduced AM fungal richness and shifted community composition toward dominance of a few ruderal taxa. Rhizophagus and Dominikia were depressed by tillage and/or fertilization, and their abundances as well as AM fungal richness correlated positively with soil aggregate stability and nutrient cycling functions across all or no‐tilled samples. In the field, wheat yield was unrelated to AM fungal abundance and correlated negatively with AM fungal richness. In a complementary glasshouse study, wheat biomass was enhanced by soil inoculum from unfertilized, no‐till plots while neutral to depressed growth was observed in wheat inoculated with soils from fertilized and conventionally tilled plots.

This study demonstrates contrasting impacts of low‐input and conventional agricultural practices on AM symbiosis and highlights the importance of considering both crop yield and soil ecosystem functions when managing mycorrhizas for more sustainable agroecosystems.
Diversified molecular adaptations of inorganic nitrogen assimilation and signaling machineries in plants
Authors: Zhang Zhenhua , Diao Runjie , Sun Jingyan , Liu Yannan , Zhao Mengru , Wang Qiuping , Xu Zilong , Zhong Bojian 
Published: December 2023

Summary

Plants evolved sophisticated machineries to monitor levels of external nitrogen supply, respond to nitrogen demand from different tissues and integrate this information for coordinating its assimilation. Although roles of inorganic nitrogen in orchestrating developments have been studied in model plants and crops, systematic understanding of the origin and evolution of its assimilation and signaling machineries remains largely unknown.

We expanded taxon samplings of algae and early‐diverging land plants, covering all main lineages of Archaeplastida, and reconstructed the evolutionary history of core components involved in inorganic nitrogen assimilation and signaling.

Most components associated with inorganic nitrogen assimilation were derived from the ancestral Archaeplastida. Improvements of assimilation machineries by gene duplications and horizontal gene transfers were evident during plant terrestrialization. Clusterization of genes encoding nitrate assimilation proteins might be an adaptive strategy for algae to cope with changeable nitrate availability in different habitats. Green plants evolved complex nitrate signaling machinery that was stepwise improved by domains shuffling and regulation co‐option.

Our study highlights innovations in inorganic nitrogen assimilation and signaling machineries, ranging from molecular modifications of proteins to genomic rearrangements, which shaped developmental and metabolic adaptations of plants to changeable nutrient availability in environments.
Interpretable Machine Learning Using Partial Linear Models*
Authors: Flachaire Emmanuel , Hué Sullivan , Laurent Sébastien , Hacheme Gilles 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDespite their high predictive performance, random forest and gradient boosting are often considered as black boxes which has raised concerns from practitioners and regulators. As an alternative, we suggest using partial linear models that are inherently interpretable. Specifically, we propose to combine parametric and non‐parametric functions to accurately capture linearities and non‐linearities prevailing between dependent and explanatory variables, and a variable selection procedure to control for overfitting issues. Estimation relies on a two‐step procedure building upon the double residual method. We illustrate the predictive performance and interpretability of our approach on a regression problem.
Wheat stripe mosaic virus from Brazil and South Africa evolved as distinct subpopulations with low genetic variability
Authors: Stempkowski Lucas Antonio , Pereira Fernando Sartori , Lau Douglas , Kuhnem Paulo , Casa Ricardo Trezzi , Fajardo Thor Vinícius Martins , Junior Antônio Nhani , da Silva Fábio Nascimento , Orílio Anelise Franco , Zerbini Francisco Murilo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWheat stripe mosaic virus (WhSMV) is the causal agent of soilborne wheat mosaic disease (SBWMD) in Brazil, which is a serious threat to wheat production in the southern part of the country. WhSMV also occurs in Paraguay and South Africa. The virus is soilborne, transmitted by Polymyxa graminis, and management strategies are mainly based on genetic resistance. Variation in the reaction (type and severity of symptoms) of cultivars has been reported depending on the region and/or year of cultivation, leading wheat breeding programmes to test their materials in several locations, which increases costs and is time‐consuming. One hypothesis is that this variation in symptoms is a result of the genetic variability of WhSMV. We assessed the genetic variability and population structure of WhSMV infecting wheat in Brazil and South Africa. In field experiments conducted in different locations in southern Brazil, a consistent reproducibility of symptoms was observed in a set of cultivars, and molecular analysis showed a low degree of genetic variability of the Brazilian viral population. The hypothesis that the variation in SBWMD symptoms in Brazil is due to genetic variability of the virus was thus rejected. Comparison of the Brazilian and South African WhSMV isolates indicated that they comprise distinct subpopulations and that the Brazilian subpopulation is more variable than the South African subpopulation. The lower genetic variability of the South African subpopulation suggests genetic stability or a recent emergence of WhSMV in that region.
Parental perspectives on oral health‐related quality of life in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review
Authors: Goswami Mousumi , Bhatara Supriya , Bhatara Mohit , Singh Shrey Raj 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundChildren with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) face unique challenges related to oral health, which can negatively impact their day‐to‐day lives, significantly compromising their overall quality of life. Primary caregivers of children with ASD have a critical role in delivering and seeking oral health care. Hence, it is vital to study their perspective towards their children's oral health and its impact on their quality of life.AimTo explore the parental perception of oral health‐related quality of life in children with autism.MethodsA systematic electronic and manual search was conducted in Medline (via PubMed), Embase, Google Scholar, Scopus, and LILACS of articles published from January 2003 to May 2023 using appropriate MeSH terms, keywords, and other terms. A four‐phase study selection process was followed according to PRISMA guidelines, and data extraction and synthesis were performed using an extraction form. The selected studies were critically appraised using the QATSDD and Crombie's assessment tool. The inter‐reviewer agreement was assessed using the kappa with a linear weighting coefficient.ResultsOut of the 885 results, 15 studies were included in the review after the two selection phases, and the study characteristics were summarized in tabular form. Study quality varied considerably, and out of a total possible QATSDD score of 42, scores for the individual studies ranged from 14 to 40. The risk of bias for the seven criteria was found to be low.ConclusionThe parental perception of the OHRQoL in children with ASD is poor, and the most significant perceived impact is on the child's functional and social well‐being aspects. Parental‐Caregiver Perception Questionnaire was the most commonly used. The most frequent symptoms include bad breath, food lodgment, mouth breathing and night grinding. The familial impact and influence on the OHRQoL of siblings were also studied.
Tracking depressive and anxious symptoms during the first year of COVID‐19: The search for moderators
Authors: Haeffel Gerald J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA growing body of research suggests that the COVID‐19 pandemic did not cause the severe and extensive mental health crisis predicted by some experts. However, this does not mean that everyone was resilient. The purpose of this study was to try to identify subgroups of people that may have experienced more severe and negative trajectories of symptoms during this time. To this end, we examined a host of individual difference factors (e.g., age, gender, race, country, parental status, medical conditions, lost wages, perceived support, initial symptom levels, and cognitive vulnerability) using a 1‐year longitudinal design with 8 time points and participants (n = 233) from over 20 countries. We were unable to identify a single moderator associated with a robust and increasingly negative trajectory of depressive and anxious symptoms throughout the COVID interval. These results underscore the need for better theories of mental illness, stronger research designs that do not rely on simple cross‐sectional between‐group comparisons, and more caution when predicting mental health crises.
Buildings, valuated matroids, and tropical linear spaces
Authors: Battistella Luca , Kühn Kevin , Kuhrs Arne , Ulirsch Martin , Vargas Alejandro 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAffine Bruhat–Tits buildings are geometric spaces extracting the combinatorics of algebraic groups. The building of parameterizes flags of subspaces/lattices in or, equivalently, norms on a fixed finite‐dimensional vector space, up to homothety. It has first been studied by Goldman and Iwahori as a piecewise‐linear analogue of symmetric spaces. The space of seminorms compactifies the space of norms and admits a natural surjective restriction map from the Berkovich analytification of projective space that factors the natural tropicalization map. Inspired by Payne's result that the analytification is the limit of all tropicalizations, we show that the space of seminorms is the limit of all tropicalized linear embeddings and prove a faithful tropicalization result for compactified linear spaces. The space of seminorms is in fact the tropical linear space associated to the universal realizable valuated matroid.