bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypocalcaemia upon arrival (HUA) in trauma patients who did and did not receive prehospital blood products: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rushton Timothy J. , Tian David H. , Baron Aidan , Hess John R. , Burns Brian 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Hypocalcaemia upon arrival (HUA) to hospital is associated with morbidity and mortality in the trauma patient. It has been hypothesised that there is an increased incidence of HUA in patients receiving prehospital transfusion as a result of citrated blood products. This research aimed to determine if there was a difference in arrival ionised calcium (iCa) levels in trauma patients who did and did not receive prehospital transfusion.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of patients with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) > / = 15 and an iCa measured on hospital arrival. We then derived mean iCa levels and attempted to compare between-group variables across multiple study cohorts.

Results
Nine studies reported iCa on arrival to ED, with a mean of 1.08 mmol/L (95% CI 1.02–1.13; I2 = 99%; 2087 patients). Subgroup analysis of patients who did not receive prehospital transfusion had a mean iCa of 1.07 mmol/L (95% CI 1.01–1.14; I2 = 99%, 1661 patients). Transfused patients in the 3 comparative studies had a slightly lower iCa on arrival compared to those who did not receive transfusion (mean difference − 0.03 mmol/L, 95% CI − 0.04 to − 0.03, I2 = 0%, p = 0.001, 561 patients).

Conclusion
HUA is common amongst trauma patients irrespective of transfusion. Transfused patients had a slightly lower initial iCa than those without transfusion, though the clinical impact of this remains to be clarified. These findings question the paradigm of citrate-induced hypocalcaemia alone in trauma. There is a need for consensus for the definition of hypocalcaemia to provide a basis for future research into the role of calcium supplementation in trauma.
Exploring benthic habitat assessments on coral reefs: a comparison of direct field measurements versus remote sensing
Authors: Lutzenkirchen Lucas L. , Duce Stephanie J. , Bellwood David R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCoral reefs are spatially variable ecosystems that form biogenic structures ranging in size from 10 to 1000s of meters. Their changes in response to anthropogenic stress are occurring across increasingly broad scales, yet our ability to detect, understand and respond to these changes at relevant scales is limited. Traditional in-water observation-based coral reef ecology and remote sensing-based methods both offer valuable insights into benthic change, but their relative scalability and use to-date must be understood to inform optimal future research approaches. We conducted a systematic literature review comparing the approaches used to quantify benthic habitat, through traditional in-water ecological studies and remote sensing studies, with respect to: (a) their geographic distribution, (b) reef zone selection, and c) their focal questions. Among the 199 studies reviewed, traditional ecological studies primarily concentrated on community composition (89%), using high-detail direct measurements, especially from the reef slope (80%). By contrast, remote sensing studies provided spatially explicit datasets at coarser spatial and thematic resolutions, with a predominant focus on benthic mapping (72%) across entire reef systems. Only 3% of studies integrated both approaches, combining comprehensive in-situ observations with broadscale remote sensing. As anthropogenic stressors continue to increase in scale, bridging these scientific disciplines offers a promising way to upscale observations to entire reef-scape scales. We identify steps to harness the strengths of both fields and integrate multiple tools at various levels of resolution and scale. Such bridging approaches offer a way forward in understanding and managing coral reef functioning in the Anthropocene.
3D isogeometric indirect BEM solution based on virtual surface sources on the boundaries of Helmholtz acoustic problems
Authors: Shaaban Ahmed Mostafa , Trevelyan Jon , Rabczuk Timon 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA solution for 3D Helmholtz acoustic problems is introduced based on an indirect boundary element method (indirect BEM) coupled with isogeometric analysis (IGA). The novelty of this work arises from using virtual surface sources placed directly on the scatterer boundaries, producing robust results. These virtual surface sources are discretized by the same Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines (NURBS) approximating the scatterer CAD model. This allows modeling of general irregular geometries. The proposed solution has the same features of BEM approaches, which do not need any domain discretization or truncation boundaries at the far-field. It shows an additional merit by arranging the linear system of equations directly depending on a single coefficient matrix, consuming less computational time compared to other BEM methods. A Greville abscissae collocation scheme is proposed with offsets at $$C^0$$

C
0

-continuities. This collocation scheme allows for easy evaluation for both free-terms and normals at the collocation points. The performance of the proposed solution is discussed on 3D numerical exterior problems and compared against other BEM methods. Then, the practical interior muffler problem with internal extended thin tubes is studied and the obtained results are compared against other numerical methods in addition to the available experimental data, showing the capability of the proposed solution in handling thin-walled geometries.
Circulating osteoprotegerin as a cardiac biomarker for left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease: the KNOW-CKD study
Authors: Suh Sang Heon , Oh Tae Ryom , Choi Hong Sang , Kim Chang Seong , Bae Eun Hui , Ma Seong Kwon , Oh Kook-Hwan , Jung Ji Yong , Hyun Young Youl , Kim Soo Wan ,   the Korean Cohort Study for Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease (KNOW-CKD) Investigators
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a major cause of mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and diagnosis is challenging. Moreover, no specific biomarker for HFpEF has been validated in patients with CKD. The present study aimed to investigate the association between serum osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels and the risk of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD), a surrogate of HFpEF, in patients with pre-dialysis CKD.

Methods
A total of 2039 patients with CKD at stage 1 to pre-dialysis 5 were categorized into quartiles (Q1 to Q4) by serum OPG levels, and were cross-sectionally analyzed. The study outcome was LVDD, which was operationally defined as the ratio of early transmitral blood flow velocity to early diastolic velocity of the mitral annulus (E/e’) > 14.

Results
In the analysis of baseline characteristics, higher serum OPG levels were clearly related to the risk factors of HFpEF. A scatter plot analysis revealed a moderate correlation between serum OPG levels and E/e’ (R = 0.351, P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the risk of LVDD in Q3 (adjusted odds ratio 2.576, 95% confidence interval 1.279 to 5.188) and Q4 (adjusted odds ratio 3.536, 95% confidence interval 1.657 to 7.544) was significantly higher than that in Q1.

Conclusions
Elevated serum OPG levels are associated with the risk of LVDD in patients with pre-dialysis CKD. The measurement of serum OPG levels may help the diagnosis of LVDD, which is an important echocardiographic feature of HFpEF.

Graphical Abstract
Population affinity estimation using pelvic measurements based on computed tomographic data acquired from Japanese and Western Australian populations
Authors: Torimitsu Suguru , Nakazawa Akari , Flavel Ambika , Swift Lauren , Makino Yohsuke , Iwase Hirotaro , Franklin Daniel 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe present study analyzes morphological differences in the pelvis of Japanese and Western Australian individuals and investigates the feasibility of population affinity classification based on computed tomography (CT) data. The Japanese and Western Australian samples comprise CT scans of 207 (103 females; 104 males) and 158 (78 females; 80 males) adult individuals, respectively. Following volumetric reconstruction, a total of 19 pelvic landmarks were obtained on each sample, and 11 measurements, including two angles, were calculated. Machine learning methods (random forest modeling [RFM] and support vector machine [SVM]) were used to classify population affinity. Classification accuracy of the two-way models was approximately 80% for RFM: the two-way sex-specific and sex-mixed models for SVM achieved > 90% and > 85%, respectively. The sex-specific models had higher accurate classification rates than the sex-mixed models, except for the Japanese male sample. The classification accuracy of the four-way sex and population affinity model had an overall classification accuracy of 76.71% for RFM and 87.67% for SVM. All the correct classification rates were higher in the Japanese relative to the Western Australian sample. Our data suggest that pelvic morphology is sufficiently distinct between Japanese and Western Australian individuals to facilitate the accurate classification of population affinity based on measurements acquired in CT images. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the feasibility of population affinity estimation based on CT images of the pelvis, which appears as a viable supplement to traditional approaches based on cranio-facial morphology.
Phase Analysis and Measurement of Local Carbon Contents in Hypoeutectic Alloys in the System Fe-C-B-Cr-W
Authors: Schaefer Hendric , Weber Sebastian , Lentz Jonathan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCold work tool steels of the Fe‑0.4C-1B-Cr alloy system use the element boron (B) for hard phase formation. B should facilitate a reduction in the contents of carbide-forming elements and carbon (C) to the extent that C is used exclusively for martensitic hardening, while allowing the practical utilization of hard borides as hard phases. The formation of carboborides stands in the way of this concept. To further develop the alloying system, an interaction of the alloying elements tungsten (W) and C during solid-state microstructure formation during heat treatment is investigated. The main objective is to investigate the influence of hardening as well as solution annealing on the solution state of C in the martensitic matrix in different W‑alloyed high B‑content cold work tool steels. For this purpose, two laboratory melts of Fe‑0.4C-1B‑2.5Cr‑W are cast with a W content of 2 and 9 mass%, swaged, austenitized at 1100 °C for varying time steps, and quenched. A microstructure and phase analysis is carried out by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Furthermore, the local C contents of the martensitic matrix and hard phases are measured by wavelength dispersive X‑ray spectroscopy (WDS). The results are discussed considering thermodynamic equilibrium calculations. It is shown that the addition of W leads to the eutectic formation of W‑rich carboborides, which are thermodynamically stable at austenitization temperature. However, high B contents in the carboborides lead to a significant reduction in the boride content of these alloys, which results in significant differences to the thermodynamic calculations.
Review of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy methods for lithium-ion battery diagnostics and their limitations
Authors: Nováková Kateřina , Papež Václav , Sadil Jindřich , Knap Václav 
Published: February 2024

AbstractElectrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a measurement method widely used for non-destructive analysis and diagnostics in various electrochemical fields. From the measured dependence of the battery impedance on the frequency, it is possible to determine the parameters of various equivalent electrical circuit models of the battery. The conventional method of battery measurement using single-sine EIS is currently one of the most widely used methods for the analysis of lithium-ion batteries. However, its most significant disadvantage is the relatively long measurement time. For this reason, there is a growing demand for faster methods using fast-Fourier transform or pseudo-random sequences. A description of various EIS methods applications is provided in this paper.
Graphical abstract
How Fast are Elastic Domino Waves?
Authors: Ding Daniel , Lau Clement , Westerhof Jorrit , Hoeven Lotte van der , Kampstra Lieke , Beek Patrick van der , Ostanin Igor 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe paper is concerned with the problem of toppling propagation velocity in elastic, domino-like mechanical systems. We build on the work of Efthimiou and Johnson, who developed the theory of perfectly elastic collisions of thin rigid dominoes on a frictional foundation. This theory has been criticised for the lack of correspondence with the experimental observations, in particular, prediction of infinite propagation velocity for zero spacing between dominoes, as well as the inability to represent the collective nature of collisions in real domino systems. In our work we consider a more realistic scenario of dominoes of finite stiffness and obtain a theory of fast elastic domino waves, taking into account a limit velocity of the perturbation propagation in the system of dominoes. Moreover, finite collision time allows to extract dynamic quantities of collisions and establish upper and lower borders for domino separations where the theory could still be applied. Our discrete element simulations support our theoretical findings and shed light on the nature of collective interactions in the nearly-elastic domino chains.
Graphical abstract
Photocatalysis of low-density polyethylene using FKMW-ZnO NPs: optimization and predication model using a radial basis function neural network ensemble system
Authors: Noman Efaq Ali , Al-Gheethi Adel Ali , Alzaeemi Shehab Abdulhabib , Mohamed Radin Maya Saphira Radin , Gaik Tay Kim 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe present study aimed to investigate the efficiency of biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles in fungal supernatant grown in kitchen wastewater with microelectronic sludge (FKMW-ZnO NPs) to be used in the degradation low-density polyethylene (LDPE) in aqueous solution. The photocatalysis process was optimized using response surface methodology as a function of four independent factors included LDPE concentrations $$\left( {x_{1} } \right)$$

x
1

(100–500 mg/100 mL), FKMW-ZnO NPs concentrations $$\left( {x_{2} } \right)$$

x
2

(10–100 mg/100 mL), time $$\left( {x_{3} } \right)$$

x
3

(1–6 h) and pH $$\left( {x_{4} } \right)$$

x
4

(4–9). The maximum photocatalysis of LDPE was 45.43% optimized with 229.96 mg LDPE/100 mL, 100 mg FKMW-ZnO NPs/100 mL at pH 7 and after one hour with R2 is 0.7377. Microstructure and chemical structure analysis showed a significant change in the chemical structure of the photocatalysis of LDPE because of FKMW-ZnO NPs. The mathematical predication model using a radial basis function neural network ensemble system (RBFNNES) provided more accurate prediction model 89.2857% with R2 = 0.8688. However, RBFNNES revealed that FKMW-ZnO NPs and LDPE have unstable behaviour towards the investigated factor and the interaction between these factors where the error was increasing with the increasing the time of neural network which indicates that the obtained efficiency in the optimization study might be not applicable in the large scales or in different environmental factors. More optimization with a wide range of factors is required to understand the applicability of FKMW-ZnO NPs in remediation of LDPE in the environment.
Graphical Abstract
Machine learning for membrane design in energy production, gas separation, and water treatment: a review
Authors: Osman Ahmed I. , Nasr Mahmoud , Farghali Mohamed , Bakr Sara S. , Eltaweil Abdelazeem S. , Rashwan Ahmed K. , Abd El-Monaem Eman M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMembrane filtration is a major process used in the energy, gas separation, and water treatment sectors, yet the efficiency of current membranes is limited. Here, we review the use of machine learning to improve membrane efficiency, with emphasis on reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, pervaporation, removal of pollutants, pathogens and nutrients, gas separation of carbon dioxide, oxygen and hydrogen, fuel cells, biodiesel, and biogas purification. We found that the use of machine learning brings substantial improvements in performance and efficiency, leading to specialized membranes with remarkable potential for various applications. This integration offers versatile solutions crucial for addressing global challenges in sustainable development and advancing environmental goals. Membrane gas separation techniques improve carbon capture and purification of industrial gases, aiding in the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions.
Moss removal facilitates decomposition and net nitrogen loss of monospecific and mixed-species litter in a boreal peatland
Authors: Zhang Xinhou , Chen Wei , Chen Weixiang , Wang Xianwei , Mao Rong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLitter decomposition plays an important role in biogeochemical cycling in boreal peatlands, where mosses, especially Sphagnum species, are a determinant. In recent decades, these peatlands have experienced a decline in moss cover due to abrupt climate warming and atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition. To reveal the effect of the reduction in moss cover on litter decomposition, we adopted a field living moss removal experiment (with the senesced tissues remaining) in a Sphagnum-dominated boreal peatland, and investigated litter mass loss and net N loss of three deciduous woody species decomposing in monocultures and mixtures over 3 years. Based on the observed and predicted mass loss and net N loss of litter mixtures, we divided litter mixing effects into additive (no significant difference), synergistic (observed value greater than predicted value), and antagonistic (observed value lower than predicted value) effects. Across 3 years of decomposition, moss removal increased litter mass loss and net N loss, irrespective of single- or mixed-species compositions. Moss removal generally changed litter mixing effects on mass loss from antagonistic to additive effects in the initial 2 years, but from synergistic to additive effects after 3 years of decomposition. Regarding net N loss of litter mixtures, moss removal often resulted in a shift from additive to synergistic effects or from antagonistic to additive effects after 2 and 3 years of decomposition. Our observations suggest that the declines in living moss cover can accelerate litter decomposition and nutrient release, and highlight that living moss loss makes litter mixture decomposition predictable by reducing non-additive effects in boreal peatlands. Given the widespread occurrence of reduced moss cover in boreal peatlands, the mechanisms explaining living moss controls on litter decomposition and N cycling should receive significant attention in further studies.
Cadmium transport by mammalian ATP-binding cassette transporters
Authors: Thévenod Frank , Lee Wing-Kee 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCellular responses to toxic metals depend on metal accessibility to intracellular targets, reaching interaction sites, and the intracellular metal concentration, which is mainly determined by uptake pathways, binding/sequestration and efflux pathways. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are ubiquitous in the human body—usually in epithelia—and are responsible for the transfer of indispensable physiological substrates (e.g. lipids and heme), protection against potentially toxic substances, maintenance of fluid composition, and excretion of metabolic waste products. Derailed regulation and gene variants of ABC transporters culminate in a wide array of pathophysiological disease states, such as oncogenic multidrug resistance or cystic fibrosis. Cadmium (Cd) has no known physiological role in mammalians and poses a health risk due to its release into the environment as a result of industrial activities, and eventually passes into the food chain. Epithelial cells, especially within the liver, lungs, gastrointestinal tract and kidneys, are particularly susceptible to the multifaceted effects of Cd because of the plethora of uptake pathways available. Pertinent to their broad substrate spectra, ABC transporters represent a major cellular efflux pathway for Cd and Cd complexes. In this review, we summarize current knowledge concerning transport of Cd and its complexes (mainly Cd bound to glutathione) by the ABC transporters ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein, MDR1), ABCB6, ABCC1 (multidrug resistance related protein 1, MRP1), ABCC7 (cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator, CFTR), and ABCG2 (breast cancer related protein, BCRP). Potential detoxification strategies underlying ABC transporter-mediated efflux of Cd and Cd complexes are discussed.
Biomechanical properties of articular cartilage in different regions and sites of the knee joint: acquisition of osteochondral allografts
Authors: Ma Yongsheng , Lin Qitai , Wang Xueding , Liu Yang , Yu Xiangyang , Ren Zhiyuan , Zhang Yuanyu , Guo Li , Wu Xiaogang , Zhang Xiangyu , Li Pengcui , Duan Wangping , Wei Xiaochun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOsteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation involves grafting of natural hyaline cartilage and supporting subchondral bone into the cartilage defect area to restore its biomechanical and tissue structure. However, differences in biomechanical properties and donor-host matching may impair the integration of articular cartilage (AC). This study analyzed the biomechanical properties of the AC in different regions of different sites of the knee joint and provided a novel approach to OCA transplantation. Intact stifle joints from skeletally mature pigs were collected from a local abattoir less than 8 h after slaughter. OCAs were collected from different regions of the joints. The patella and the tibial plateau were divided into medial and lateral regions, while the trochlea and femoral condyle were divided into six regions. The OCAs were analyzed and compared for Young’s modulus, the compressive modulus, and cartilage thickness. Young’s modulus, cartilage thickness, and compressive modulus of OCA were significantly different in different regions of the joints. A negative correlation was observed between Young's modulus and the proportion of the subchondral bone (r =  − 0.4241, P < 0.0001). Cartilage thickness was positively correlated with Young’s modulus (r = 0.4473, P < 0.0001) and the compressive modulus (r = 0.3678, P < 0.0001). During OCA transplantation, OCAs should be transplanted in the same regions, or at the closest possible regions to maintain consistency of the biomechanical properties and cartilage thickness of the donor and recipient, to ensure smooth integration with the surrounding tissue. A 7 mm depth achieved a higher Young's modulus, and may represent the ideal length.