bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumor budding in breast carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Buch Archana , Khan Uzair , Rathod Hetal , Jain Khushi , Dwivedi Aryan , Rajesh Arasi 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Tumor budding is gaining importance as a prognostic factor in various carcinomas due to its association with epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and hence clinical outcome. Reporting tumor budding in breast cancer lacks homogeneity. We aim to systematically review the existing literature and conduct a meta-analysis to assess the prognostic implication of tumor budding in breast carcinoma. A systematic search was performed to identify studies that compared different prognostic variables between high- and low-grade tumor budding. Quality assessment was performed using a modified Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Dichotomous variables were pooled using the odds ratio using the Der–Simonian–Laird method. Meta-analysis was conducted to study the association between low/high-grade tumor budding and tumor grade, lymph node metastasis, lymphovascular invasion, ER, PR, HER2neu, KI67, and the molecular subtype triple-negative breast carcinoma. Thirteen studies with a total of 1763 patients were included. A moderate risk of bias was noted. The median bias scoring was 7 (6–9). High-grade tumor budding was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (OR: 2.25, 95% CI: 1.52–3.34, P < 0.01) and lymphovascular invasion (OR: 3.14, 95% CI: 2.10–4.71, P < 0.01), and low-grade budding was significantly associated with triple-negative breast carcinoma (OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.39–0.95, P = 0.03)
There was significant heterogeneity in the assessment and grading of tumor budding; thus, a checklist of items was identified that lacked standardization. Our meta-analysis concluded that tumor budding can act as an independent prognostic marker for breast cancer.
Dural and calvarial metastasis of thyroid follicular carcinoma mimicking Sindou type 6 parafalcine meningioma
Authors: Gokoglu Abdulkerim , Orunoglu Merdan , Eksi Murat Sakir , Arsa Vedat , Selcuklu Ahmet 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Fifty-two years, NID type-2 diabetic female was admitted with progressive headache, enlarging, pulsatile midline mass, dizziness, and numbness of extremities. Physical examination revealed only hypoesthesia in the upper left extremity C7-dermatome. Preoperative computed tomography revealed eroded parafalcian dural mass and caused a round 7 cm calvarial defect over the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) and another left parietal 1.2 cm satellite mass. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an extra-axial, diffuse heterogeneous gadolinium-enhanced, well-circumscribed lesion invading the SSS and Trolard veins (bilaterally). Supratotal resection 1 cm from the tumor borders was performed, histopathology suggested papillary thyroid carcinoma follicular variant. The euthyroid patient underwent total thyroidectomy, and final pathology revealed invasive TFC. 5-year follow-up was uneventful without recurrence or new metastasis. Parafalcian meningioma classification was reviewed for the best surgical approach. The definitive diagnosis of meningioma should be established with histopathological analysis. TFC should be included in the differential diagnosis in cases of extra-axial tumors.
Giant adrenal myelolipoma in a young male double heterozygous for HbS and beta-thalassemia trait, clinically simulating retroperitoneal sarcoma
Authors: Giri Ranjana , Sahu Saroj Ranjan , Parida Sabyasachi , Sahu Subrat Kumar 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
A 57-year-old male had abdominal pain and distension for 6–7 months with a palpable swelling in the right lumbar region. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography abdomen showed a large heterogeneous lesion with fat density measuring 22 cm ´ 16.5 cm in the right suprarenal region. Laparotomy was done which showed an encapsulated mass measuring 21 cm ´ 14 cm ´ 5 cm. Cut section revealed yellowish areas admixed with hemorrhage and large areas of necrosis. Microscopy revealed adrenal myelolipoma. The patient was found to have sickling positive. High-performance liquid chromatography showed double heterozygous for HbS and beta-thalassemia trait. The association of giant adrenal myelolipoma with double heterozygous for HbS and beta-thalassemia trait is rare, and as clinically it simulates retroperitoneal sarcoma, awareness of this rare entity is critical for its accurate diagnosis and proper management.
Role of curcumin on miR-26a and its effect on DNMT1, DNMT3b, and MEG3 expression in A549 lung cancer cell
Authors: Mahmoudi Zahra , Jahani Mojtaba , Nekouian Reza 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Context:
Most of the patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are in their advanced stages and as a result might not be cured in spite of the advances in aimed therapy. In the recent years, the role of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) has been expanded to cancer as potential targets for RNA-based epigenetic therapies. Curcumin, as an active ingredient, is associated with epigenetic alterations, and it might modulate the expression of tumor suppressor and oncogenic microRNAs.

Materials and Methods:
In this study, we investigated the RNA-based epigenetic effects of curcumin on NSCLC, and the effect of curcumin on A549 cell viability was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The expression of miR-26a, MEG3, DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), and DNMT3 beta (DNMT3b) was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Data analysis was done using Prism®6 software (GraphPad Software, Inc., La Jolla, CA, USA), and statistical analysis was performed using t-test between control and vitality samples.

Results:
The results showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) of miR-26a expression which in turn was associated with a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in expression of DNMTs and subsequently a significant increase in MEG3 expression (P < 0.05) in A549 cell line after adding curcumin in the media.

Conclusion:
Considering all the data together, we could speculate the role of curcumin in ceasing the progression of cancer in its early stages and might be considered a potential drug for the treatment of NSCLC-derived lung cancer by establishing a meaningful relationship between epigenetic mechanisms and ncRNAs.
Outcomes of hypofractionation for early-stage glottic carcinoma
Authors: Uysal Bora , Gamsiz Hakan , Colak Onurhan , Beyzadeoglu Murat 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Our goal is to evaluate hypofractionation in early-stage glottic carcinoma of a single center in line with randomized trials.

Materials and Methods:
Between June 2016 and January 2021, 33 early glottic carcinoma patients treated with IMRT (intensity-modulated radiotherapy) in the Radiation Oncology Department were analyzed. Descriptive statistics and survival analysis were applied. Survival analysis and curves were done via the Kaplan–Meier method. Survival curves were analyzed due to the T stage. Log-rank test was used for the analysis of T stage survival curves.

Results:
Twenty (60.1%) patients were T1 whereas six (18.2%) and seven (21.2%) were Tis. 56.25 Gy, 63 Gy, and 65.25 Gy were delivered to the patients with Tis, T1, and T2, respectively. All groups were treated with 2.25 Gy per fraction. T2 stage had lesser DFS (disease-free survival) compared to Tis and T1 stage and it was statistically significant (P = 0.035).

Conclusion:
Hypofractionation with 2.25 Gy per fraction may be standard for early glottic carcinoma with similar results compared to microsurgery and conventional fractionation radiotherapy.
Integrated bioinformatics approach to unwind key genes and pathways involved in colorectal cancer
Authors: Mobeen Syeda Anjum , Saxena Pallavi , Jain Arun Kumar , Deval Ravi , Riazunnisa Khateef , Pradhan Dibyabhaba 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fifth leading cause of death in India. Until now, the exact pathogenesis concerning CRC signaling pathways is largely unknown; however, the diseased condition is believed to deteriorate with lifestyle, aging, and inherited genetic disorders. Hence, the identification of hub genes and therapeutic targets is of great importance for disease monitoring.

Objective:
Identification of hub genes and targets for identification of candidate hub genes for CRC diagnosis and monitoring.

Materials and Methods:
The present study applied gene expression analysis by integrating two profile datasets (GSE20916 and GSE33113) from NCBI-GEO database to elucidate the potential key candidate genes and pathways in CRC. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between CRC (195 CRC tissues) and healthy control (46 normal mucosal tissue) were sorted using GEO2R tool. Further, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis were performed using Cluster Profiler in Rv. 3.6.1. Moreover, protein-protein interactions (PPI), module detection, and hub gene identification were accomplished and visualized through the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes, Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) plug-in of Cytoscape v3.8.0. Further hub genes were imported into ToppGene webserver for pathway analysis and prognostic expression analysis was conducted using Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis webserver.

Results:
A total of 2221 DEGs, including 1286 up-regulated and 935down-regulated genes mainly enriched in signaling pathways of NOD-like receptor, FoxO, AMPK signalling and leishmaniasis. Three key modules were detected from PPI network using MCODE. Besides, top 20 high prioritized hub genes were selected. Further, prognostic expression analysis revealed ten of the hub genes, namely IL1B, CD44, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH, MMP9, CREB1, STAT1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFA), CDC5 L, Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM + and CDH1 to be differently expressed in normal and cancer patients.

Conclusion:
The present study proposed five novel therapeutic targets, i.e., ATM, GAPDH, CREB1, VEGFA, and CDH1 genes that might provide new insights into molecular oncogenesis of CRC.
Salivary and serum levels of soluble E-cadherin in patients with gastrointestinal cancers: A comparative study
Authors: Aznab Mozaffar , Shahhosseini Rezvan , Safaei Mohsen , Mozaffari Hamid Reza 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Aim:
According to the literature, high levels of salivary soluble E-cadherin may be lined to advanced stage and poor prognosis in cancers. This research aimed at comparing salivary and serum levels of soluble E-cadherin in cases with esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancers.

Methods:
This case-control research was performed on 68 patients with gastrointestinal cancers and 57 healthy volunteers as a control group to measure salivary and serum levels of soluble E-cadherin using ELISA kits.

Results:
The results showed a statistically significant difference between salivary and serum levels of soluble E-cadherin in the case group, as opposed to the control group (P = 0.031). The salivary level of soluble E-cadherin in the control group was 2.138 ng/mL on average lower than that that in the case group. The median salivary level of soluble E-cadherin among cases with lymph node involvement was significantly higher compared with its median level in the control group (P = 0.049). Soluble E-cadherin salivary level and other variables, such as metastasis and cancer stage, were directly correlated, but it was not statistically significant.

Conclusion:
According to the findings, the salivary level of soluble E-cadherin among cases with gastric cancer could be considered as a prognostic marker, but the diagnostic value of saliva could not be judged in esophageal and colorectal cancers because of small sample size, and more investigations are required for a definite conclusion.
Assessment and clinicopathological correlation of p16 expression in cervical squamous cell carcinoma of Indian population: Diagnostic implications
Authors: Paul Arkadip , Dutta Priyanka , Basu Keya 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Our aim was to assess the p16 expression in normal cervical epithelium and cervical lesions and how it correlated with HPV oncoprotein E7 and other etiological parameters of cervical cancer.

Methods:
For this purpose, we analyzed protein expression of p16 and E7 oncoprotein in total 20 normal cervical epithelium tissue (as control) and 62 cervical lesions. Next, the result was correlated with different clinico-pathological parameters.

Results:
Out of 62 cases of cervical lesions, we found around 75%–100% of the cervical lesion samples exhibited E7 nuclear protein expression, whereas around 33.33%–75% samples were p16 positive. On the other hand, p16 expression showed strong association with E7 oncoprotein and other clinico-pathological parameters (like high parity, early age of sextual debut) in the same set of samples of our study.

Conclusion:
We concluded that overexpression of p16 is very practical and can be readily implemented in most diagnostic pathology laboratories.
A comparative evaluation of effect of denture cleansers on color stability, surface roughness and hardness of polyamide denture base material
Authors: Punia Vikas , Khandelwal Meenakshi , Sharda Chirag , Porwal Anand , Sethia Abhijit 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Context:
Different denture cleansers have an effect on color and different surface properties of polyamide denture base material. Thus, selecting a denture cleanser solution for polyamide denture base materials should be based on the properties of the denture cleanser itself. The present in vitro study is aimed to evaluate and compare the effect of different denture base cleansers on color, surface roughness and hardness of polyamide denture base material.

Methods and Material:
Thirty specimens of commercially available polyamide denture base material were fabricated and divided into three groups of 10 each. Specimens from each group were immersed in different denture cleansers (sodium perborate, thyme oil and ozonated water) for 10 mins per day for 180 days. Initial and final color, surface roughness and surface hardness of each specimen were measured and the difference was calculated. Data was tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis using One way ANOVA for pair wise comparison.

Results:
Polyamide denture base resin exhibited some degree of change in color, surface roughness, and surface hardness in all denture cleansers but was not statistically significant.

Conclusions:
The choice of denture cleanser for different denture base resins should be based on the chemistry of resin and the cleanser, denture cleanser concentration and duration of immersion.
Natural Cycle Frozen Embryo Transfer: Evaluating Optimal Protocols for Preparation and Timing
Authors: Holder Kai N. , Mormol Jessica S. , Bakkensen Jennifer B. , Pavone Mary Ellen , Goldman Kara N. , Yeh Chen , Muhammad Lutfiyya N. , Bernardi Lia A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
While natural cycle frozen embryo transfer (NC-FET) is becoming increasingly common, significant practice variation exists in the use of ovulation induction medications, administration of ovulation trigger, and timing of embryo transfer without consensus as to the optimal protocol.

Aims:
The objective of this study is to evaluate the association of key aspects of the NC-FET protocol with implantation, pregnancy and live birth.

Settings and Design:
This was a retrospective cohort study of blastocyst stage NC-FET cycles from October 2019 to July 2021 at a single academic fertility centre.

Materials and Methods:
Protocols varied between cycles across three key parameters which were evaluated as primary predictors of cycle outcomes: (1) use of letrozole for mild ovarian stimulation/ovulation induction, (2) administration of exogenous ovulation trigger versus spontaneous luteinising hormone surge and (3) transfer timing based on ovulation trigger versus sequential progesterone monitoring. Primary outcomes included implantation rate, clinical pregnancy and ongoing pregnancy.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Generalised estimating equations were fitted to obtain adjusted odds ratios or rate ratios as appropriate with 95% confidence intervals for each outcome across the three primary predictors.

Results:
A total of 183 cycles from 170 unique patients were eligible for inclusion. The average implantation rate was 0.58, resulting in an overall clinical pregnancy and ongoing pregnancy rate of 59.0% and 51.4%, respectively. After adjusting for age at embryo freeze and history of a failed embryo transfer, there were no significant associations between any predictor and implantation rate, clinical pregnancy, ongoing pregnancy, or live birth.

Conclusion:
In NC-FET, a variety of preparation and timing protocols may lead to comparable cycle outcomes, potentially allowing for flexibility on the basis of patient and physician preference. These findings warrant validation in a larger, randomised trial.
Combined Parental Thrombophilia Gene Mutation Defects in Couples with Repeated Pregnancy Loss
Authors: Kashifard Mehdi , Basirat Zahra , Ramezani Fatemeh , Ghofrani Faeze , Golsorkhtabaramiri Masoumeh 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
Several genetic mutations in female thrombotic defects have recently been shown to affect recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL); however, it is unclear which common parental mutations are involved in thrombosis-associated repeated pregnancy loss RPL.

Aims:
In this study, the prevalence of some combined parental thrombophilia gene mutation defects was studied in couples with RPL.

Settings and Design:
The observational study was done in babol infertility research center (Iran) in 2022.

Materials and Methods:
Sixty-two infertile women with a history of RPL and their male partners (124 individuals) participated in this study. The frequencies of common defects associated with methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T and A1298C, factor V Leiden, protein C, protein S and homocysteine were analysed in these couples.

Statistical analysis used:
The data were statistically analysed using the Mann–Whitney test.

Results:
Sixty-two couples (124 individuals) were analysed. 56.2% of couples with a history of RPL had MTHFR C677T and 23.1% had MTHFR A1298C. Forty percent of couples showed homocysteine deficiency and 12.5% protein C deficiency. Other genes tested were only observed in the mother or father but not both.

Conclusions:
Results obtained with RPL couples demonstrate the importance of further investigating combined parental thrombophilia gene mutation defects (not only maternal).
Whole Exome Sequencing Reveals Rare Variants in Genes Associated with Metabolic Disorders in Women with PCOS
Authors: Sharma Priyal , Halder Ashutosh , Jain Manish , Tripathi Manish 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex genetic trait, the pathogenesis of which is governed by an interplay of genetic and epigenetic factors. However, the aetiology of PCOS is not fully understood.

Aims:
The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic causes of PCOS by identifying rare variants in genes implicated in its pathophysiology.

Settings and Design:
This was a hospital-based observational study.

Materials and Methods:
We used whole-exome sequencing for 52 PCOS women to identify the rare variants in genes related to PCOS pathogenesis. Subsequently, we analysed these variants using in silico prediction software to determine their functional effects. We then assessed the relationship between these variants and the clinical outcomes of the patients.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Student’s t-test and Fisher’s exact test were used to compare clinical parameters and frequency differences amongst PCOS patients with and without variants.

Results:
A total of four rare exonic variants in obesity- and hyperinsulinaemia-related genes including UCP1 (p.Thr227Ile), UCP2 (p.Arg88Cys), IRS1 (p.Ser892Gly) and GHRL (p.Leu72Met) were identified in eight patients. Significant differences were observed between the patients carrying variants and those without variants. PCOS patients with identified variants exhibited significantly higher average body mass index and fasting insulin levels of PCOS subjects with identified variants compared to those without variants (P < 0.05). Additionally, there were significant differences in the variant frequencies of four variants when compared to the population database (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
This study shows a prevalence of rare variants in obesity and hyperinsulinaemia-related genes in a cohort of PCOS women, thereby underscoring the impact of the identified rare variants on the development of obesity and associated metabolic derangements in PCOS women.
Limited Effects of Ultra-low Oxygen Concentration during Extended Embryo Culture on In vitro Fertilisation Outcomes in Indian Women: A Retrospective Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Patel Deven , Patel R. G. , Patel Trupti , Patel Nikunj , Maheshwari Naroda 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
Amongst various other factors, oxygen (O2) concentration in embryo culture plays an important role in determining pregnancy outcomes in women undergoing in vitro fertilisation. Some studies have reported that lowering O2 levels in embryo culture provides better results.

Aims:
To explore the effects of low- and ultra-low- O2 concentrations (5% and 2%, respectively) in extended embryo culture on various outcome parameters of pregnancy.

Settings and Design:
This was a retrospective cross-sectional study.

Materials and Methods:
In this study 382 participants had their embryos cultured in varying O2 concentrations (5% or 2%), followed by either a fresh embryo transfer (ET) or frozen embryo transfer (FET). Outcomes such as pregnancy rate, implantation rate, abortion rate, twinning rate, and live birth rate were compared between the groups.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Chi square test was applied to compare the primary and secondary outcomes between different groups.

Results:
No significant differences were observed in pregnancy rate and implantation rate between 5% and 2% O2 groups, irrespective of their mode of ET. The abortion rate was significantly higher in 5% O2 group than in 2% group during FET (24.71% vs. 11.49%, P = 0.02). While the proportion of good-quality embryos was higher in 5% O2 group, these did not translate to better pregnancy outcomes. Additionally, embryos cultured in 2% O2 concentration had a significantly better implantation rate when they were transferred fresh rather than frozen (71.34% vs. 61.46%, P = 0.04). There were no other differences observed.

Conclusion:
Only marginal benefits were observed in switching human embryos to ultra-low O2 concentration after the initial days of culture.