bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allogenic forcing of the late Quaternary Rhine–Meuse fluvial record: the interplay of sea‐level change, climate change and crustal movements
Authors: Wallinga Jakob , Törnqvist Torbjörn E. , Busschers Freek S. , Weerts Henk J. T. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe Rhine–Meuse system in the west‐central Netherlands is a continental‐scale fluvial system bordered by an extremely wide continental shelf. Consequently, late Quaternary eustatic sea‐level changes have resulted in dramatic shoreline displacements, by as much as 800 km. In addition, changes in climate have been severe, given the latitudinal and palaeogeographic setting of the Rhine–Meuse system. We investigated the relative importance of these allogenic controls on fluvial aggradation and incision during the last two glacial–interglacial cycles. We used optical dating of quartz from ∼30 samples in a cross‐section perpendicular to the palaeoflow direction, allowing us to correlate periods of aggradation and incision with independent records of sea‐level change, climate change and glacio‐isostatic crustal movements. We found the long‐term aggradation rate to be ∼8 cm kyr−1, a value similar to previous estimates of tectonic subsidence rates in the study area. Several excursions from this long‐term aggradation trend could be identified for the last glacial–interglacial cycle. Dry climatic conditions with relatively high sediment supply induced aggradation during oxygen‐isotope stages (OIS) 4 and 3. Build‐up of a glacio‐isostatic forebulge during OIS 2 is a likely cause of incision around the Last Glacial Maximum, followed by an aggradation phase during forebulge collapse. Sea‐level highstands during OIS 5 have likely resulted in the aggradation of coastal prisms, but only minor, basal estuarine deposits have been preserved because these coastal prisms were prone to erosion during ensuing sea‐level falls. Overall, the sedimentary record is dominated by strata formed during time intervals when the study area was completely unaffected by sea‐level control, and our evidence shows that the falling‐stage systems tract has the highest preservation potential. Our study highlights the importance of considering the complex interplay of both upstream and downstream controls to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the evolution of basin‐margin successions.
Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic sea‐level estimates: backstripping analysis of borehole data, onshore New Jersey
Authors: Van Sickel William A. , Kominz Michelle A. , Miller Kenneth G. , Browning James V. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractBackstripping analysis of the Bass River and Ancora boreholes from the New Jersey coastal plain (Ocean Drilling Project Leg 174AX) provides new Late Cretaceous sea‐level estimates and corroborates previously published Cenozoic sea‐level estimates. Compaction histories of all coastal plain boreholes were updated using porosity–depth relationships estimated from New Jersey coastal plain electric logs. The new porosity estimates are considerably lower than those previously calculated at the offshore Cost B‐2 well. Amplitudes and durations of sea‐level variations are comparable in sequences that are represented at multiple boreholes, suggesting that the resultant curves are an approximation of regional sea level. Both the amplitudes and durations of third‐order (0.5–5 Myr) cycles tend to decrease from the Late Cretaceous to the late Miocene. Third‐order sea‐level amplitudes in excess of 60 m are not observed. Long‐term (108–107years) sea level was approximately constant at 30–80 m in the Late Cretaceous, rose to a maximum early Eocene value of approximately 100–140 m, and then fell through the Eocene and Oligocene.
Contribution of a three‐dimensional regional scale basin model to the study of the past fluid flow evolution and the present hydrology of the Paris basin, France
Authors: Gonçalvès J. , Violette S. , Guillocheau F. , Robin C. , Pagel M. , Bruel D. , De Marsily G. , Ledoux E. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractA basin model was built to simulate in three dimensions the 248 Myr geological history of the Paris basin, France, i.e. sedimentation, erosion, compaction heat and fluid flow. This multidisciplinary study was based on a detailed stratigraphic database of more than 1100 well logs together with a hydrodynamic database of 1000 data (heads and permeabilities). The region covers a maximum surface area of 700 000 km2. The NEWBAS code of the Ecole des Mines de Paris was used in order to simulate compaction and heat and fluid flow. Three examples of the use of this model are given to illustrate different features of the geological functioning of the basin.(i) By modelling processes such as sedimentation, compaction, fluid and heat flow, the model provides estimates of the hydraulic conductivity fields within one order of magnitude from observations at the regional scale. This permeability field can reproduce the present‐day observed pressures and fluxes in the basin.(ii) Observed excess pressures in the main aquitards are considered as possible consequences of the geological history of the basin. The calculated excess pressures are small and stay within the range of the measured values, between 0 and 2.75 MPa, close to the pressures in the aquifers. However, the weak excess pressures measured in the Callovo–Oxfordian sequence in the eastern part of the basin are not reproduced by the model. Mechanisms other than compaction disequilibrium must be invoked.(iii) This model also calculates regional‐scale palaeofluid flow whose value is currently arbitrarily assumed by geochemists when studying diagenetic processes. Hence, it provides a hydrologic background for diagenetic models. The cementation in the western Keuper reservoirs was investigated. Topographically driven flow during tectonic inversion periods, e.g. the Lower Cretaceous and Early Tertiary, is shown to be a plausible cause of brine migrations. This brine displacement would then explain the high salinities recorded in the fluid inclusions trapped in the Keuper cements. The conditions for the migration would have been most favourable at the time of the maximum burial, i.e. the Early Tertiary and not the Early Cretaceous as previously suggested.
Tectono‐thermal modelling of sedimentary basins with episodic extension and inversion, a case history of the Jiyang Basin, North China
Authors: He Lijuan , Wang Jiyang 
Published: December 2004

AbstractA two‐dimensional kinematic model is presented for superimposed basins. It is based on a finite‐element algorithm in the Lagrangian system, which incorporates different stages of lithosphere stretching and shortening to simulate alternating extension and inversion. The Jiyang Basin, developed in the North China, is a superimposed basin comprising four proto‐type basins separated by several unconformities. Four‐phase extension and two‐phase inversion have developed in this basin since the Late Mesozoic era. The thermal history of the basin is modelled based on a seismic cross‐section across the basin. Tectonic subsidence (or uplift) histories from backstripping serve as the objective functions, and crustal thickness, as well as heat flow, provides additional constraints. Effects of different Mesozoic erosion on the thermal history are discussed. Modelling results show that the thermal history of the Jiyang Basin since the Late Mesozoic can be divided into six stages, including four phases of heating accompanied by following thermal attenuation, and two phases of cooling with following thermal recovery. The model also implies a variant pattern of thermal regime in the basin. In the deepest centres of the depressions, the maximum heat flow occurred during the Late Mesozoic, but in the slopes of the depressions, the maximum heat flow appeared in the Cenozoic era.
The Neoproterozoic Fiq glaciation and its aftermath, Huqf supergroup of Oman
Authors: Allen Philip A. , Leather Jonathan , Brasier Martin D. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe <1.5‐km thick Fiq Member of the Ghadir Manqil Formation, Huqf Supergroup, Oman, contains a succession of Marinoan‐age glacially and non‐glacially influenced deposits overlain by a transgressive, 13C‐depleted, deep‐water dolostone (Hadash Formation) that deepens up into the marine shales and siltstones of the Masirah Bay Formation. The Fiq Member and Hadash–Masirah Bay Formations are well exposed in the core of the Jebel Akhdar of northern Oman and provide a valuable insight into the processes operating during a Neoproterozoic glacial epoch and its aftermath.The Fiq Member comprises seven stratigraphic units (F1–F7) of proximal and distal glacimarine, non‐glacial sediment gravity flow, and non‐glacial shallow marine facies associations. These units can be correlated over almost the entire Neoproterozoic outcrop belt (ca. 80 km) of the Jebel Akhdar. Four units contain glacimarine rainout diamictites, commonly at the top of cycles beneath strong lithofacies dislocations suggesting flooding. The units are thought to have been generated by combined glacio‐isostatic and glacio‐eustatic forcing caused by changing volumes of terrestrial glacier ice. The lateral persistence and thickness of massive diamictite units increase upwards in the stratigraphy, the youngest (F7) diamictite being abruptly overlain by the Hadash Formation. Correlation of lithofacies associations across the rift basin and palaeocurrents indicate that siliciclastic sediment and glacially entrained debris were derived from both basin margins. Open‐water conditions existed during interglacials, attested to by the presence of wave‐rippled sandstones in the western part of the basin. The Hadash carbonate also exhibits variations between east and west, showing that despite an overall deep‐water depositional setting, rift margin and intrabasinal structure continued to exert a control on facies development during the post‐glacial aftermath. Onlap of basin margins continued through the deposition of the Masirah Bay Formation.The sedimentology and stratigraphy of the Fiq Member and Hadash–Masirah Bay Formations have a number of implications for the Snowball Earth hypothesis. The overall stratigraphic evolution of the Fiq Member suggests a dynamic, temperate/polythermal style of glaciation, perhaps nucleated on uplifted continental or rift margin topography, with marine‐terminating glaciers. Some transgressions coupled to deglaciations within the Fiq glacial epoch were accompanied by minor deposition of carbonate. However, final deglaciation triggered the deposition of a <8‐m thick, deep‐water dolomite contaminated with siliciclastics, with a lithofacies assemblage still reflecting the underlying bathymetric template, followed by relatively deep marine shales and siltstones. The preservation of relatively deep marine Masirah Bay sediments above the Fiq basin margin suggests either tectonic collapse of the rift shoulder or, more likely, rapid eustatic rise accompanying deglaciation.
A new less‐invasive and more informative low‐dose ACTH test: salivary steroids in response to intramuscular corticotrophin
Authors: Contreras Liliana N. , Arregger Alejandro L. , Persi Gabriel G. , Gonzalez Natalia S. , Cardoso Estela M. 
Published: December 2004

Summaryobjective  The intravenous low‐dose ACTH test has been proposed as a sensitive tool to assess adrenal function through circulating steroids. The aims of this study were to: (a) find the minimal intramuscular ACTH dose that induced serum and salivary cortisol and aldosterone responses equivalent to those obtained after a pharmacological dose of ACTH; and (b) define the minimum normal salivary cortisol and aldosterone responses in healthy subjects to that dose of ACTH. We also compared the performances of the standard‐ and low‐dose ACTH intramuscular tests to screen patients with known hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal impairments.design  Rapid ACTH tests were performed in individuals using various intramuscular doses (12·5, 25 and 250 µg) at 2‐week intervals.subjects  Twenty‐one healthy volunteers and 19 patients with primary (nine cases) and secondary (10 cases) adrenal insufficiency.measurement  Serum and salivary cortisol and aldosterone concentrations were measured at baseline and after ACTH. Serum cortisol ≥ 552·0 nmol/l and aldosterone ≥ 555·0 pmol/l concentrations at 30 min after 250 µg of ACTH were defined as normal responses.results  In healthy volunteers cortisol and aldosterone responded to ACTH in a dose‐dependent manner. The time to peak in saliva for each steroid was delayed as the dose of ACTH increased. The minimum ACTH dose that produced equivalent steroid responses at 30 min to 250 µg of ACTH (standard‐dose test; SDT) was 25 µg (low‐dose test; LDT). Saliva collection 30 min after LDT and SDT showed cortisol and aldosterone concentrations of at least 20·0 nmol/l and 100·0 pmol/l, respectively. These values were defined as normal steroid responses. Blunted salivary steroid responses to LDT and SDT were found in all patients with primary adrenal insufficiency. Subnormal salivary cortisol levels in response to LDT and SDT were found in all patients with secondary adrenal insufficiency. In five patients full recovery of adrenal function was demonstrated by both tests after steroid withdrawal. In the follow‐up of four patients studied during the recovery period, subnormal SAF response after LDT and normal after SDT was demonstrated. Preservation of the adrenal glomerulosa was found in all the patients with secondary adrenal insufficiency through the normal rise in salivary aldosterone after both LDT and SDT.conclusions  Adrenal function can be accurately investigated with simultaneous measurements of salivary cortisol and aldosterone in response to 25 µg of corticotrophin injected into the deltoid muscle. Our data suggest that this may become a useful and relatively noninvasive clinical tool to detect subclinical hypoadrenal states.
Genomic structure of the human gene for protein kinase A regulatory subunit R1‐beta (PRKAR1B) on 7p22: no evidence for mutations in familial hyperaldosteronism type II in a large affected kindred
Authors: Elphinstone Martin S. , Gordon Richard D. , So Albertina , Jeske Yvette W. A. , Stratakis Constantine A. , Stowasser Michael 
Published: December 2004

Summaryobjective  Familial hyperaldosteronism type II (FH‐II) is characterized by inheritance of primary aldosteronism (PAL) but, unlike FH‐I, is not glucocorticoid remediable and not associated with the hybrid CYP11B1/CYP11B2 gene mutation. Analysis of two pedigrees previously demonstrated linkage of FH‐II with a locus at chromosome 7p22. We sought to determine whether mutations in the exons or intron/exon boundaries in PRKAR1B (encoding protein kinase A regulatory subunit R1‐beta), which resides within the linked locus, are associated with FH‐II.methods  Primers enabling sequencing of all exons and intron/exon boundaries were designed by BLAT search using known mRNA sequence, and comparison with an orthologous mouse gene. Sequences from four affected and two unaffected subjects from an Australian family with FH‐II demonstrating linkage at 7p22 were compared with published sequences.results  A probable two‐nucleotide GenBank sequence error, resulting in an amino acid change, was detected. Two of seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified were in exons and five in introns. Neither exon‐localized SNP resulted in an amino acid change. All intron‐localized SNPs were at least 16 nucleotides from the closest intron/exon boundary and therefore unlikely to interfere with gene splicing. Importantly, none of the identified SNPs was exclusively associated with affectation status.conclusions  Mutations in the exons or intron/exon boundaries of PRKAR1B do not appear to be responsible for FH‐II in this family, but a mutation in the promoter or remaining intronic or 5′ or 3′ untranslated regions could be. Alternatively, a mutation within another gene residing at the 7p22 locus may be responsible.
Insulin sensitivity and coronary vasoreactivity: insulin sensitivity relates to adenosine‐stimulated coronary flow response in human subjects
Authors: Dagres N. , Saller B. , Haude M. , Hüsing J. , Von Birgelen C. , Schmermund A. , Sack S. , Baumgart D. , Mann K. , Erbel R. 
Published: December 2004

Summaryobjective  Diabetes is associated with coronary microvasculature abnormalities and impaired coronary flow reserve (CFR). CFR is the ratio of coronary flow under maximal vasodilation to basal flow and is a measure for coronary vasoreactivity. Insulin resistance is the central defect in the development of type 2 diabetes, preceding its onset by 10–20 years. Thus, the relationship between insulin sensitivity and CFR in nondiabetic subjects is particularly interesting. The aim of the study was to investigate this relationship.design  Cross‐sectional study.patients  The study population consisted of 18 nondiabetic subjects without coronary artery stenosis on coronary angiography. We excluded patients with structural heart disease or with conditions affecting CFR or insulin sensitivity such as low density lipoprotein (LDL)‐cholesterol ≥ 4·14 mmol/l, smoking, hypertension or obesity with a body mass index (BMI) > 28 kg/m2.measurements and results  CFR was 3·1 ± 0·8 (range 1·7–4·8), as assessed by intracoronary Doppler measurements in the left anterior descending coronary arteries after adenosine stimulation. Intravascular ultrasound revealed zero to moderate coronary atherosclerotic changes. Whole‐body insulin sensitivity (M‐value) was 7·5 ± 2·9 mg/kg/min (range 2·2–12·6), as assessed by the hyperinsulinaemic–euglycaemic clamp test. Subjects with low CFR (< 3·0) had a significantly lower M‐value than subjects with normal CFR (> 3·0) (6·0 ± 2·5 vs. 9·0 ± 2·5 mg/kg/min, P = 0·021). Univariate linear regression demonstrated a strong correlation between CFR and M‐value (r = 0·76, P < 0·001). In multiple regression analysis, the significant association of CFR with M‐value was independent of potential confounders (sex, age, BMI, LDL‐cholesterol and plaque burden on intravascular ultrasound). Bootstrap analysis corroborated this finding.conclusions  Whole‐body insulin sensitivity relates to coronary vasoreactivity. Across a wide range of both insulin sensitivity and coronary flow reserve from markedly abnormal to normal values, an increase in insulin sensitivity appears to be associated with an increase in coronary flow reserve. Insulin resistance is therefore associated with coronary microvasculature abnormalities in nondiabetics.
Utility of fine‐needle aspiration for diagnosis of carcinoma associated with multinodular goitre
Authors: Ríos Antonio , Rodríguez José Manuel , Galindo Pedro José , Montoya Mariano , Tebar Francisco Javier , Sola Joaquín , Canteras Manuel , Parrilla Pascual 
Published: December 2004

Summarybackground  Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) is a useful method for evaluating a solitary thyroid nodule; however, this is not an agreed method for a multinodular goitre (MNG). The aim of this study was to assess the utility of preoperative FNA for detecting malignancy in MNG.patients and method  We analysed operated MNGs in which FNA had been performed. Puncture was carried out on the dominant nodule and any other nodules with features suggesting malignancy. The diagnosis was classed as colloid, follicular or Hürthle proliferation, suggestive of malignancy, haematic and inadequate. The thyroid FNA results, grouped into suggestive of malignancy (positive result) and other diagnoses (negative result), were compared to those of the final histological study in order to calculate the value of the test in diagnosing malignancy.results  FNA was performed in 432 MNGs, of which 42 (9·7%) were associated with carcinoma. Overall, the results of the test were poor, revealing a sensitivity of 17%, specificity of 96% and diagnostic accuracy of 88%, with a positive predictive value of 32% and negative predictive value of 88%. When the values were recalculated with the exclusion of microcarcinomas −considering their minor clinical importance − there was a slight improvement in the results: the sensitivity increased to 26%, diagnostic accuracy to 93% and negative predictive value to 96%. However, the specificity remained at 96%, and the positive predictive value fell from 32% to 25%. The results of the test improved in multifocal carcinomas.conclusions  Thyroid fine needle aspiration is not useful for differentiating MNG with malignant degeneration from benign MNG, as more than 80% of carcinomas go unnoticed; it provides a sensitivity of 17% for detecting carcinomas, rising to 26% if microcarcinomas are excluded. We therefore suggest that clinical criteria should prevail over FNA.
Expression of a novel DnaJA1 alternative splicing in human testis and sperm
Authors: Hu Yanqiu , Zhou Zuomin , Huang Xiaoyan , Xu Min , Lu Li , Xu Zhiyang , Li Jianmin , Sha Jiahao 
Published: December 2004

SummaryUsing cDNA microarray hybridization from a human testicular cDNA library, one gene exhibiting threefold difference at expression level between adult and embryo human testes was named nDnaJA1 (a new alternative isoform of human DnaJA1 which was also named HDJ2/Hsdj/dj2, a human HSP40 homologue), which was believed to be involved in testis development and spermatogenesis. Multiple tissue polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results showed that nDnaJA1 expressed highly in testis and lung but low in thymus, prostate, colon and liver. The results of the other members of DnaJA1 family (GenBank accession numbers: D13388 and BC008182) showed that they were widely expressed. D13388 and BC008182 were highly expressed in sperm while nDnaJA1 was faintly expressed by reverse transcriptase PCR. Protein motif analysis of nDnaJA1 sequence revealed motifs of DnaJ. nDnaJA1 was considered as type I DnaJ like the other members of DnaJA1 family.
The role of potential splicing factors including RBMY, RBMX, hnRNPG‐T and STAR proteins in spermatogenesis*
Authors: Elliott David J. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryInvestigations into the RBM gene family are uncovering networks of protein interactions which regulate RNA processing, and which might operate downstream of signal transduction pathways. Similar pathways likely operate in germ cells and somatic cells, with RBMY, hnRNPGT and T‐STAR proteins providing germ cell‐specific components. These pathways may be important for normal germ cell development, and might be compromised in men with Y chromosome deletions affecting RBMY gene expression. The STAR proteins have multiple functions in pre‐mRNA splicing, signalling and cell cycle control. These processes might have to be very finely regulated during germ cell development, which involves both two sequential meiotic divisions (meiosis I and II) as well as mitotic (spermatogonial) cell divisions, and which is controlled by paracrine signalling within the testis from Sertoli cells.