bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applying stochastic Langevin function with coupled Brownian–Néel relaxations to study the dynamic magnetizations of nanoparticle tracers in magnetic particle imaging
Authors: Azizi Ebrahim , Mostufa Shahriar , Rezaei Bahareh , Xin Shumin , Sun Jiajia , Shi Zongqian , Gómez-Pastora Jenifer , Wu Kai 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a new imaging technique that utilizes biologically safe iron oxide nanoparticle tracers for medical imaging. Although in the preclinical stage, MPI has shown strong potential for applications such as cell tracking, angiography, cancer imaging, etc. With the ever-growing research interest in MPI and the increasing desire to apply it in clinical medical imaging, the design of tracers, MPI systems, image reconstruction algorithms, and other related components has become increasingly critical. To date, most of the theoretical studies in MPI rely on the static Langevin function to describe the magnetization responses of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION) tracers. However, under a fast-changing excitation field (usually tens of kHz), the magnetic relaxation time of SPION tracers is no longer negligible, thus, the static Langevin function is inaccurate in explaining the tracers’ magnetic signals in MPI. Herein, we apply a stochastic Langevin function with coupled Brownian–Néel relaxation models to study the dynamic magnetization responses of SPION tracers in MPI. The time domain magnetization responses (M–t curve), dynamic magnetization-field hysteresis loops (M–H curve), and point spread functions are modeled for different SPION tracer designs with varying physical and magnetic properties. Our results show that larger magnetic core sizesreduce the MPI spatial resolution. Conversely, thicker non-magnetic coatings on tracers do not significantly affect the spatial resolution. The increased anisotropy diminishes the MPI resolution, and a higher saturation magnetization favors higher MPI resolution.
The surface termination of a Fe (III) spin crossover molecular salt
Authors: Zaz M Zaid , Tamang Binny , McElveen Kayleigh , Mishra Esha , Viswan Gauthami , Chin Wai Kiat , Subedi Arjun , N’Daiye Alpha T , Lai Rebecca Y , Dowben Peter A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
From a comparison of the known molecular stoichiometry and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy, it is evident that the Fe(III) spin crossover salt [Fe(qsal)2Ni(dmit)2] has a preferential surface termination with the Ni(dmit)2 moiety, where qsal = N(8quinolyl)salicylaldimine, and dmit2− = 1,3-dithiol-2-thione-4,5-dithiolato. This preferential surface termination leads to a significant surface to bulk core level shift for the Ni 2p x-ray photoemission core level, not seen in the corresponding Fe 2p core level spectra. A similar surface to bulk core level shift is seen in Pd 3d in the related [Fe(qsal)2]2Pd(dmit)2. Inverse photoemission spectroscopy, compared with the x-ray absorption spectra at the Ni-L3,2 edge provides some indication of the density of states resulting from the dmit2− = 1,3-dithiol-2-thione-4,5-dithiolato ligand unoccupied molecular orbitals and thus supports the evidence regarding surface termination in the Ni(dmit)2 moiety.
MFFOD: multidomain feature fusion object detector for infrared images
Authors: Xu Wenxiao , Yin Qiyuan , Xu Cheng , Zhao Zhe , Li Yao , Huang Daqing 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Infrared imagery surpasses the limitations of visible light images and finds widespread applications in fields such as military reconnaissance and security surveillance. Recent studies on infrared target detection aim to preserve local features and global representations to the greatest extent. However, compared to visible light images, infrared images exhibit inherent challenges such as insufficient texture information and coarse boundaries, which introduce new difficulties to this research. To address these issues, this paper introduces additional information cues from the perspective of enriching feature map information. Specifically, we propose a multidomain feature fusion object detector (MFFOD), whose backbone feature extraction network consists of a convolutional branch and a fast Fourier transform branch. This hybrid domain representation enables the extraction of both domain-specific information and global high-frequency and low-frequency information with minimal computational overhead. Furthermore, in the intermediate layers of the network, we have carefully designed a feature injection module that enables comprehensive interaction between channel features and spatial features within a single feature map. Experimental results demonstrate that MFFOD achieves average detection accuracies of 88.97%, 90.32%, and 99.25% on three significant infrared scene datasets, outperforming existing target detection methods. We hope that this general detection algorithm will provide a robust reference for future infrared target detection research.
ST-CIRL: a reinforcement learning-based feature selection approach for enhanced anxiety classification
Authors: Shikha  , Sethia Divyashikha , Indu S 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective. To propose and validate the SMOTETomek-correlated interactive reinforcement learning (ST-CIRL) framework for anxiety classification using physiological signals, addressing class imbalance, and optimizing feature selection to enhance classification accuracy. Approach. The proposed framework integrates SMOTETomek to handle class imbalance and employs meta-descriptive statistics to refine feature representation. Interactive reinforcement learning (IRL) is used for feature selection through collaboration among multiple agents. Dimensionality is further reduced by pruning redundant features. Machine learning classifiers, including random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), and light gradient boosting machine (LGBM), are optimized using the optuna approach to enhance performance. Main Results. The ST-CIRL framework achieved a maximum accuracy of 95.35% and an F1-score of 95.49% using the LightGBM classifier, outperforming state-of-the-art methods. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of SMOTETomek and the innovative reinforcement learning based feature optimization approach. Significance. This study highlights the potential of reinforcement learning in advancing human-computer interaction (HCI) systems by improving anxiety classification accuracy. The proposed framework’s methodology provides a robust foundation for future research in intelligent system design and its application to physiological signal analysis.
Highly tunning of dielectric and photocatalytic properties of crystalline ZnO semiconductor: functionality of Ba additives
Authors: Massoudi Imen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In the present work, the concentration of Ba-additive played a significant role in advancing the dielectric properties and photo-removal activity of ZnO semiconductor for methylene blue dye. Ba doped ZnO semiconductor with different doping concentrations (Zn1−xBaxO, x = 0.003, 0.005, 0.007 and 0.009 wt%) were grown by solid-state reaction route. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) data confirmed the formation of the wurtzite structure of ZnO along with the presence of BaO-based secondary phase (SP). The XRD peak intensity related to the SP was found to increase with the increase of Ba concentration. Microstructural analyses through scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and energy-dispersive x-ray analysis (EDS) showed that with the addition of Ba, a gradual increase in the grain size was observed. Furthermore, SP segregated at the grain boundary and showed an increasing trend with doping. The emergence of secondary phases with Ba concentration was confirmed with the help of supplementary spectroscopic characterizations including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV–vis diffuse reflectance. The presence of BaO secondary phase has shown a benefit effect on the dielectric and photodegradation properties of ZnO material. The remarkable resistance reduction suggested that the higher Ba concentrations significantly enhance charge carrier mobility. For wastewater treatment uses, BZO9 photocatalyst exhibited a perfect degradation efficiency of 90.1% for methylene blue (MB) removal after 210 min of visible light illumination.
Bifacial perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell with Ag nanoparticles as an intermediate layer
Authors: Abbasiyan Amin , Golmohammadi Saeed 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study investigates a four-terminal (4T) bifacial Perovskite/Silicon (PVK/Si) tandem solar cell using 3D finite element method (FEM) simulation. An intermediate layer containing Ag nanoparticles (NPs) is introduced between the sub-cells which the NP radius of 47.5 nm has shown the suitable performance, balancing the top and bottom cell absorption. The main purpose of using Ag NPs at the intermediate layer is to enhance the absorption and improve the electrical characteristics of PVK top cell. Implementing of the optimized NPs results an improvement of the top cell’s Jsc by 4.7% (reached to 19 mA.cm−2) also, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) has been increased by 11% (reached to 18.27%) in comparison with the cell without NPs. Following the optimization of the intermediate layer, the structural parameters of the bottom cell’s interdigitated back contact (IBC) have been investigated under the global albedo reflection (0.3 × AM1.5G). The optimized configuration for the bottom cell has been achieved at Λ = 1 mm and G/W = 2, resulting the Jsc and PCE of 20.78 mA.cm−2 and 11.5%, respectively. The final optimized structure exhibited a total PCE of 31.1%, representing an 11.5% improvement compared to the cell without albedo reflection.
Effect of Refugia Plant Combination with Biopesticide Application on Population and Attack Intensity of Spedoptera exigua (Hubner) (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae)
Authors: Rezki A A , Sjam S , Tamrin  
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Spodoptera exigua is an insect that is an essential pest in shallot plants. Spedoptera exigua is generally controlled with chemical insecticides, which can impact the environment and natural enemy populations. Using a combination of flowering plants and applying plant extracts is one of the environmentally friendly alternatives to reduce population and damage. This study was conducted in Enrekang Regency in South Sulawesi using an RCBD with five treatments and three replications. The treatments are flower, plant extract, flower and plant extract, farmer’s method, and control. Flowering plants were planted at the edge of the bed. Observations were made visually and using a sweepnet. The application of plant extracts and observations were made seven times weekly. Observations were made on the parameters of egg groups, larval populations, attack intensity, and natural enemy populations. The results showed that the treatment refugia plant and plant extract reduced the egg population by 76.64% and the larval population by 92.59%. It increased the population of natural enemies by 72.26%. The farmer treatment reduced the intensity of the attack by 65.03%, which was not significantly different from the flower treatment with plant extracts, with a percentage reduction of 59.38%.
Occupational Health and Safety Risk Control at X Teaching Factory
Authors: Adhyatma M. , Julianto Suyoso Gandu Eko , Rahagiyanto Angga , Azhar Faruq Avero , Vestine Veronika 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
UHT (Ultra High Temperature) milk factories are complex environments with numerous inherent risks due to the high-temperature processes, sophisticated machinery, and extensive use of chemicals. These factors create a hazardous workplace where managing occupational safety and health is crucial to prevent accidents, protect worker health, and maintain production efficiency. The primary objective of this study is to identify and control the hazard in the UHT milk facility of X Teaching Factory (Tefa). The data collected by walkthrough survey, observation and interview. The team then conducted a literature review to map out the types of hazards, sources of hazards, potential impacts, analyze the risk and provide risk control recommendations. The study identified five types of workplace hazards: explosion and fire hazards, physical hazards, chemical hazards, ergonomic hazards, and slips, falls and trips hazards. Among these, The highest risks present at the X Tefa were fall, slip, and trip hazards as well as fire and explosion hazards. The recommended controls focused on substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls, and personal protective equipment, as it was not feasible to eliminate the machines/materials/processes used at X Tefa. Although X Tefa is not yet operational, it is crucial to implement risk control measures as early as possible to prevent workplace accidents and occupational diseases once X Tefa becomes fully operational.
Effect of Low Temperature on Physical Characteristics of Chicken (Gallus domesticus) Meat During Storage
Authors: Risnawati H , Triani R , Purwandoko P B , Mayasti N K I , Susanti N D , Novianti F , Aprianto I F , Litaay C , Kuala I S , Indriati A , Pristianto E J , Rahman A N , Kurniawan E D 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Chicken meat is highly perishable and requires special handling because it spoils quickly during the metabolic processes after slaughter. Poor handling and storage methods can lead to a decline in meat quality. Storing chicken at low temperatures, such as in a refrigerator at 4°C, helps extend its shelf life and preserve its qualities. This study aimed to examine the changes in the physical properties of raw chicken meat stored at 4°C. The research was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five storage periods: day 0, day 2, day 4, day 6, and day 8. The physical characteristics observed were pH, color, aroma, texture, and drip loss. The length of storage at 4°C significantly affected the chicken’s pH, color, texture, water loss, and aroma quality (P<0.05). The color analysis showed that the lightness (L*) and greenness (a*) values increased, while the yellowness (b*) values also increased. The texture, including hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, chewiness, and resilience, decreased over time. Prolonged storage at low temperatures (4°C) reduced pH, increased water loss, and changes in color, aroma, and texture. Overall, storage time significantly impacted the physical characteristics of raw chicken meat stored at 4°C.
Effect of Seed Biopriming with Pseudomonas fluorescens for Increasing Seed Quality of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Cultivar KR 14
Authors: Azizah M , Cahyaningrum DG , Utami CD , Rohman F , Dinata GF 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Kenaf is a seasonal plant that produces fiber with biomass that has the potential to be developed as animal feed at the Animal Feed Tefa of Jember State Polytechnic. The quality of seed that planted can affect crop yield and quality. Seed priming can stimulate germination to overcome the problem of low physiological quality of kenaf seeds due to storage. Trichoderma is one of the biological agents that can be used as a seed priming material. This study aims to determine the effect of biological agents for seed priming on increasing the quality of kenaf seeds. The research was conducted from June to August 2024 at Seed Technology Laboratory of Jember State Polytechnic. The research was arranged using a nonfactorial completely randomized design. The treatment applied was control (without soaking agent), 1 hour seed soaking with Pseudomonas fluorescens isolate, 2 hours seed soaking with P. fluorescens isolate, and 3 hours seed soaking with P. fluorescens isolate. The observations made were Seed Germination (%), Growth Rate (%), Vigor Index (%), sprout shoot length (cm) and root length (cm). The results showed that seed biopriming using P. fluorescens increasing seed germination and seed vigor percentage. The recommended seed soaking treatment for seed priming kenaf seeds with low initial viability is soaking for 1 hour.
Effect of acetic acid concentration on physicochemical characteristics of collagen from mackerel fish waste (Euthynnus affinis)
Authors: Budiati T , Suryaningsih W , Ardiyansyah M , Cahyani A B D , Utami M M D 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Utilization of mackerel fish waste from the fish processing industry into collagen can increase the value of by-products. The aim this study was to investigate the effect of acetic acid concentration on physicochemical characteristics of collagen from mackerel fish waste (Euthynnus affinis). Different concentration of acetic acid (0.1, 0.5, 0.9, 1.5 M) was carried out to extract collagen. The water content was ranging from 1.06 to 1.42%, ash content was ranging from 5.27 to 5.86%, protein content was ranging from 75.22 to 80.87%, white degree was ranging from 73.60 to 81.08%. Amino acids contents were alanine, glutamic acid, glycine, leucine, lysine, methionine, proline, valine, tyrosine, aspartate acid. The best treatment was found on 1.5 M of acetic acid.
Yield test of oriental melon in Tasikmalaya, West Java
Authors: Wahyudi Anung , Sari Siska Yunita , Pandu Pradana Onny Chrisna 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Melon plants (Cucumis melo L) are horticultural commodities cultivated in Indonesia. This study aims to describe five oriental melon genotypes in Tasikmalaya (500 meters above sea level) as a multilocation test. The research was carried out from December 2023 to February 2024. Multilocation testing is one of the stages of plant breeding before the release of new superior varieties. The genetic material used in this research is Ginsen Makuwauri; F1 MM 0201-02; Ougan Makuwauri; F1 MM 0102-16; and Golden Langkawi (comparison variety). This research design used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with five treatments and three replications to obtain 15 experimental units. Observation of research data uses the standards of the International Union for the Protection of Plants (UPOV), the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI), and the Decree of the Indonesian Minister of Agriculture. Data were analyzed using the F-test and continued with a LSD test at the 5% level. The results showed that there was a diversity of quantitative and qualitative characteristics from all the genotypes tested. Based on the diversity of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the five genotypes tested, three superior genotypes were selected, namely F1 MM 0201-02; F1 MM0102-16; and Ougan Makuwauri. Genotype F1 MM 0201-02 has superior quantitative characters in the parameters of internode length (7.33 cm), fruit weight per plant (151.28 g), fruit length (9.21 cm), fruit width (5.30 cm), and the fruit flesh is thicker (1.17 cm) than the comparison variety.
Application of Combined Coffee Skin Husk Biochar and Rice Husk Charcoal as Planting Media to Improve on the Growth Seedling Coffee
Authors: Rosdiana E , Nugroho S A , Wardana R , Salim A , Ali F Y 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Coffee is a plantation commodity in great demand and has a fairly good economic value. One way to get good coffee is to see good cultivation methods, especially in its nursery. Good nurseries can utilize Biochar coffee skin and rice husks. This study aims to obtain quality coffee seeds by creating an alternative biochar planting media formulation derived from coffee skin waste and rice husk charcoal. The main ingredients for making biochar are agricultural and plantation wastes such as rice husk charcoal and coffee fruit skin. This study used a non-factorial completely randomized design (CRD). The treatment factor used was a mixture of rice husk charcoal media with coffee husk biochar comprising 5 treatment levels. Each treatment was repeated 5 times, so there were 25 experimental units. The experimental analysis used was the Analysis of variance. The further test used the LSD test. The results showed that the treatment of a mixture of coffee husk and rice husk biochar affected the stem diameter plant and the number of leaf plants.
Physical characteristics of various green feed crackers as a small-ruminant supplement
Authors: Syahniar TM , Andriani M , Nurkholis  , Ningsih N , Lestari D 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Purposes of this research were to evaluate dimensions and physical characteristics of various green feed crackers as a small-ruminant supplement. It was made using Odot grass (T1), Gliricidia leaves (T2), Leucaena leaves (T3), mixture of Gliricidia and Leucaena (T4), and 2 other formulations of legume mixture with other feed ingredients (T5 and T6). They were designed using a pattern of Completely Randomized Design (CRD) into 6 treatment levels with 3 replications. Each level treatment was mixed with molasses, homogenized, molded using a quadrangle-shaped mold containing 9 pieces with pressure, then baked in the oven of 60°C overnight. Green feed crackers were analysed the physical characteristic which using parameters observed on dimension, specific density, bulk density, tapped bulk density, and hardness. Data were assessed using ANOVA and followed using DMRT to identify significant differences between treatment levels. Each piece of green feed crackers was ranged 20-27 g/piece with dimensions average of (61*61*11) mm. Results denoted that the treatment affected (P<0.0001) dimensions, bulk density and tapped bulk density of green feed crackers however presented similar number on the specific density and hardness. It was implied that the variation and properties of feedstuffs used influenced physical characteristics of the green feed crackers.
Potential Loss of Body Weight in Bull Transportation and the Effect of Adding Acacia mangium Bark Extract During Recovery Period
Authors: Sujarnoko TUP , Budiono D , Sholeha NA , Siskandar R , Syahniar TM , Andriani M , Prastujati AU 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The transportation process of the bull can induce stress, affecting decreasing body weight and causing a loss for farmers. This study focuses on body loss affected by transportation from Magetan to Bogor and recovery after transportation. This research used 10 cross-breed bulls from Magetan East Java and transported them to Bogor West Java for 16 hours. The bull weighed on Magetan before being transported and Bogor after a 10-hour recovery. The first experiment compares transported bulls and non-transported Bulls. The second experiment focused on recovery after transportation with treatment on the ransom (T0: Control, T1: Control + 0.4% Acacia extract) The experimental design was a randomized block design with two treatments and a tree block based on body weight. The parameters tested included body weight loss, blood metabolism, economic loss, Average daily gain, and opportunity recovery using acacia extract. Results showed that transportation decreased body weight until 9.47±0.76% or Rp. 473,507.00/tail. The transportation significantly increased blood urea nitrogen (p<0.05) and did not affect cholesterol, creatinine, or Uric acid p>0.05. Added acacia extract of 4% significantly decreased body losses and creatinine after 10 days of recovery time (P<0.05). The added extract did not affect cholesterol, uric acid, and blood urea nitrogen (p>0.05). In conclusion, transportation caused the loss, and adding 0.4% Acacium mangium bark with a pressure hot water extraction method improved the body recovery of the Bull after transportation.