bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro skin absorption and decontamination of sulphur mustard: comparison of human and pig‐ear skin
Authors: Chilcott R. P. , Jenner J. , Hotchkiss S. A. M. , Rice P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the use of an in vitro skin diffusion cell system as a model for assessing decontaminants against the chemical warfare agent sulphur mustard (SM). The in vitro absorption rates of SM through heat‐separated human (157 ± 66 µg cm−2 h−1) and pig‐ear (411 ± 175 µg cm−2 h−1) epidermal membranes were in agreement with previous in vivo studies that quoted skin absorption rates of 150 and 366 mu g cm−2 h−1, respectively.Decontaminants (fuller's earth, Ambergard and BDH spillage granules) were ranked in order of effectiveness by measuring the skin absorption rates and the percentage of applied dose of SM that penetrated human and pig‐ear epidermal membranes. The effectiveness of fuller's earth measured in this in vitro study using human epidermal membranes was in agreement with a previous in vivo human volunteer study. Similarly, the effectiveness of fuller's earth and Ambergard measured in vitro with pig‐ear epidermal membranes was in agreement with a previous in vivo study conducted on rats. However, there was complete disparity in the ranking of decontaminants between human and pig‐ear epidermal membranes measured in vitro.Thus, although pig‐ear skin may be a relatively good model for predicting the human skin absorption of SM, it is a poor model for testing decontamination systems. The results of this study further validate the use of Franz‐type glass diffusion cells containing human epidermal membranes as a model for predicting in vivo human skin absorption. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oxidative preconditioning affords protection against carbon tetrachloride‐induced glycogen depletion and oxidative stress in rats
Authors: Candelario‐Jalil E. , Mohammed‐Al‐Dalain S. , Fernández O. S. León , Menéndez S. , Pérez‐Davison G. , Merino N. , Sam S. , Ajamieh H. H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe rectal insufflation of a judicious dose of ozone, selected from that used in clinical practice, is able to promote oxidative preconditioning or oxidative stress tolerance preventing the hepatocellular damage mediated by free radicals. In order to evaluate the effects of ozone oxidative preconditioning on carbon tetrachloride‐mediated hepatotoxicity, the following experimental protocol was designed: group 1 (negative control, sunflower oil i.p.); group 2 (CCl4 in sunflower oil, 1 ml kg−1 i.p.); group 3 (15 ozone–oxygen pretreatments at a dose of 1 mg kg−1 via rectal insufflation + CCl4 as in group 2); group 4 (ozone control group, 15 ozone–oxygen pretreatments + sunflower oil i.p.). Ozone pretreatment prevented glycogen depletion (as demonstrated by biochemical and histopathological findings) and avoided lactate overproduction associated with the hepatotoxic effects of CCl4. The administration of CCl4 increased lipid peroxidation (as measured by thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances) and uric acid levels and inhibited superoxide dismutase activity. All these deleterious effects induced by CCl4 were prevented by ozone pretreatment. The administration of ozone without CCl4 (ozone control group) did not produce any changes in the evaluated parameters. Our results showed that ozone treatment, in our experimental conditions, was able to prevent anaerobic glycolysis and oxidative stress induced by CCl4. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sulfur mustard‐stimulated protease: a target for antivesicant drugs
Authors: Ray P. , Chakrabarti A. K. , Broomfield C. A. , Ray R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOne of the mechanisms of the skin blistering effect (vesication) of sulfur mustard (bis‐(2‐chloroethyl)sulfide, HD) is believed to be via the stimulation of specific protease(s) at the dermal–epidermal junction. Cultured normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) were used as a model to study and characterize protease stimulated by the mustards 2‐chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES), 2‐chloro‐N‐(2‐chloroethyl)‐N‐methylethanamine hydrochloride (nitrogen mustard, HN2) and HD. The results obtained using a chromozym (TRY) peptide substrate protease assay revealed the optimum mustard concentrations and time for protease stimulation to be about 200 µM (CEES), 100 µM(HN2) and 100 µM (HD) and 16 h. The mustard‐stimulated protease was membrane bound and was inhibited by adding a Ca2+ chelator (either 2 mM EGTA (ethylene glycol‐bis(amino ethyl ether) N,N,N′,N′ tetraacetic acid) or 50 µM BAPTA AM (1,2‐bis(z‐aminophenoxy)ethane‐N,N,N′,N′‐tetraacetic acid, tetraacetoxy methyl ester) alone or in combination), a serine protease inhibitor diisopropyl fluoro‐phosphate (DFP, 1 mM), or a protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (35 µM) in the extracellular medium. These results suggest that mustard toxicity may involve the stimulation of trypsin/chymotrypsin‐like serine protease, dependent on Ca2+ and new protein synthesis. Protein purification by gel exclusion and hydrophobic chromatography produced a 70–80 kDa protease, which had an amino acid sequence homologous with a mammalian‐type bacterial serine endopeptidase. Based on this information, research is in progress to identify the protease stimulated by HD in NHEK and to determine whether its inhibitors are useful as prospective antivesicant drugs. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dose‐dependent behavior of bioactive glass dissolution
Authors: Jones Julian R. , Sepulveda Pilar , Hench Larry L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe effect of glass dosage (0.001 g ml−1 to 0.015 g ml−1) on the in vitro dynamic dissolution behavior of melt‐derived 45S5 and sol‐gel–derived 58S bioactive glasses, in simulated body fluid (SBF) at 37 °C, was evaluated. These glasses differ significantly in texture, especially the specific surface area and porosity, as a result of differences in manufacturing route. The concentrations of elements (Si, Ca, P, and Na) leached from the glasses into the dissolution medium, from 1 to 22 h, were evaluated with the use of induced coupled plasma analysis (ICP). The reacted powders were analyzed with the use of FTIR to observe the formation of a hydroxycarbonate apatite layer on the surface. The results show that the rate of HCA formation on both gel‐ and melt‐derived bioactive glass powders in vitro depends on the concentration of the powders in solution. This result must be taken into account when carrying out in vitro cell‐culture studies to simulate conditions in vivo and in experiments using extracts of the bioactive glass powders. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 58: 720–726, 2001
Effect of fibrin sealant composition on human neutrophil chemotaxis
Authors: Hanson Angela J. , Quinn Mark T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe use of fibrin sealants offers one of the most physiologically compatible approaches to preventing postoperative adhesions. Although a number of fibrin sealant formulations have been developed, little is known about how the various components of these preparations affect the wound‐healing process. Because one of the key steps in wound healing is the migration of phagocytic leukocytes, such as neutrophils, into the site of injury, we performed studies to characterize systematically the effects of various fibrin sealant components on neutrophil chemotaxis. Using a transwell chemotaxis assay, we found that increasing fibrin concentration resulted in an inhibition of the ability of the cells to migrate through the clots in a dose‐dependent manner, and at fibrin clot concentrations >2.0 mg/mL chemotaxis was completely blocked. Factor XIII crosslinking of the clots also had a significant impact on neutrophil chemotaxis, and sealant preparations deficient in Factor XIII allowed neutrophil migration at much higher fibrin concentrations. The presence of various other fibrin sealant components such as plasminogen and fibrinolysis inhibitors (aprotinin and tranexamic acid) did not have any significant effects on the ability of neutrophils to migrate through fibrin clots as compared to control clots without these components. Overall, these studies show that the composition of fibrin sealant preparations can significantly affect neutrophil migration into the site of injury, which could possibly influence the wound healing process. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 61: 474–481, 2002
Micromorphological changes in resin‐dentin bonds after 1 year of water storage
Authors: Hashimoto Masanori , Ohno Hiroki , Sano Hidehiko , Tay Franklin R. , Kaga Masayuki , Kudou Yoshiyuki , Oguchi Haruhisa , Araki Yoshima , Kubota Minoru 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the degradation of resin–dentin bonds after 1 year of water storage. Resin–dentin‐bonded specimens were prepared with the use of an adhesive resin system (One‐Step: Bisco). Half of the experimental specimens were sectioned perpendicular to the adhesive interface to produce a beam (adhesive area: 0.9 mm2) before being stored in distilled water at 37 °C for 1 year. The remaining half of the bonded specimens were sectioned into beams of similar dimensions after 1 year of water storage. Additional bonded specimens that had been stored in water for 24 h before sectioning into beams were used as controls. The beams in the two experimental groups and the control group were subjected to microtensile bond testing. Fractography was performed on all fractured beams with the use of FE‐SEM. There were significant (p < .05) differences in bond strength among the control specimens (55.9 ± 12.9 MPa), specimens that had been sectioned into beams after water storage (68.9 ± 18.6 MPa), and specimens that had been sectioned into beams before water storage (28.1 ± 9.3 MPa). Fractography revealed that the resin material was gradually extracted from the periphery to the center portion of the beam. This probably accounted for the decrease in bond strength after 1 year of water storage. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 63: 306–311, 2002
Angiogenesis and neovascularization associated with extracellular matrix‐modified porous implants
Authors: Kidd Kameha R. , Nagle Raymond B. , Williams Stuart K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTherapies directed toward stimulation of angiogenesis seek to accelerate the development of new blood vessels in tissues rendered dysfunctional because of an insufficient microvascular supply. The goal of the current study was the stimulation of an angiogenic response around and within porous biomedical implants, such as vascular grafts, constructed from a base polymer composed of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE). Similar to many biomaterials, ePTFE does not elicit a significant angiogenic response and the porous interstices of this material remain avascular after implantation. Studies were performed to evaluate the ability of a tumorigenic cell line, the 804‐G rat kidney cell to secrete an angiogenic extracellular matrix on and within the porous structures of ePTFE. A rat model was used to evaluate and compare implant‐associated healing responses between nonmodified materials and extracellular matrix‐modified ePTFE. Results demonstrated that, in contrast to untreated ePTFE, the matrix‐modified ePTFE stimulated both angiogenesis in implant‐associated tissue and neovascularization of the pores within the ePTFE interstices. Deposition of an insoluble matrix stimulates an angiogenic response and has a potential application for the improvement of medical device function. © 2001 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 59: 366–377, 2002
Supercharging Your ABC: Use Revenue Data!
Authors: Brewer Peter C. , Campbell Robert J. , McClure Richard H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAs in most managerial decision making, activity‐based costing (ABC) requires that managers
first determine what information is relevant. Historically, the focus of ABC systems has been almost entirely on
costs, yet revenue‐oriented information is often highly relevant and useful. Incorporating both the revenue
and expense sides of the income statement can make ABC far more powerful. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals,
Inc.
CITGO Petroleum Meeting the Challenge with ABM
Authors: Rodriguez Marlene B. , Muras Andrew D. , Calhoun Dennis D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractActivity‐based management (ABM) has helped process and energy industries cut costs and improve
efficiencies, because it provides the baseline data needed for performance measurement, outsourcing, product
costing, and capacity analysis. However, implementations of ABM have to be tailored to meet the unique challenges
posed by Shared Services functions and operational units. This article outlines CITGO's implementation
techniques for ABM and describes the company's results for its Shared Services and operations business units.
© 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
How to Use Transactional Databases for M&A
Authors: Pratt Shannon P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWant to price M&A transactions more accurately and structure them more favorably? Then take a look
at other completed transactions, advises the author. Databases now contain details on thousands of M&A
transactions. The author shows you how to use them. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Remodeling of sperm chromatin after fertilization involves nucleosomes formed by sperm histones H2A and H2B and two CS histone variants
Authors: Oliver M. Isabel , Concha Carolina , Gutiérrez Soraya , Bustos Alejandra , Montecino Martín , Puchi Marcia , Imschenetzky María 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe composition of nucleosomes at an intermediate stage of male pronucleus formation was determined in sea urchins. Nucleosomes were isolated from zygotes harvested 10 min post‐insemination, whole nucleoprotein particles were obtained from nucleus by nuclease digestion, and nucleosomes were subsequently purified by a sucrose gradient fractionation. The nucleosomes derived from male pronucleus were separated from those derived from female pronucleus by immunoadsorption to antibodies against sperm specific histones (anti‐SpH) covalently bound to Sepharose 4B (anti‐SpH‐Sepharose). The immunoadsorbed nucleosomes were eluted, and the histones were analyzed by Western blots. Sperm histones (SpH) or alternatively, the histones from unfertilized eggs (CS histone variants), were identified with antibodies directed against each set of histones. It was found that these nucleosomes are organized by a core formed by sperm histones H2A and H2B combined with two major CS histone variants. Such a hybrid histone core interacts with DNA fragments of approximately 100 bp. It was also found that these atypical nucleosome cores are subsequently organized in a chromatin fiber that exhibits periodic nuclease hypersensitive sites determined by DNA fragments of 500 bp of DNA. It was found that these nucleoprotein particles were organized primarily by the hybrid nucleosomes described above. We postulate that this unique chromatin organization defines an intermediate stage of male chromatin remodeling after fertilization. J. Cell. Biochem. 85: 851–859, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors and lipopolysaccharide induced inducible NOS and cyclooxygenase‐2 gene expressions by rutin, quercetin, and quercetin pentaacetate in RAW 264.7 macrophages
Authors: Chen Yen‐Chou , Shen Shing‐Chuan , Lee Woan‐Ruoh , Hou Wen‐Chi , Yang Ling‐Ling , Lee Tony J.F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSeveral natural flavonoids have been demonstrated to perform some beneficial biological activities, however, higher‐effective concentrations and poor‐absorptive efficacy in body of flavonoids blocked their practical applications. In the present study, we provided evidences to demonstrate that flavonoids rutin, quercetin, and its acetylated product quercetin pentaacetate were able to be used with nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors (N‐nitro‐L‐arginine (NLA) or N‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME)) in treatment of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) productions, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) gene expressions in a mouse macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7). The results showed that rutin, quercetin, and quercetin pentaacetate‐inhibited LPS‐induced NO production in a concentration‐dependent manner without obvious cytotoxic effect on cells by MTT assay using 3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide as an indicator. Decrease of NO production by flavonoids was consistent with the inhibition on LPS‐induced iNOS gene expression by western blotting. However, these compounds were unable to block iNOS enzyme activity by direct and indirect measurement on iNOS enzyme activity. Quercetin pentaacetate showed the obvious inhibition on LPS‐induced PGE2 production and COX‐2 gene expression and the inhibition was not result of suppression on COX‐2 enzyme activity. Previous study demonstrated that decrease of NO production by L‐arginine analogs effectively stimulated LPS‐induced iNOS gene expression, and proposed that stimulatory effects on iNOS protein by NOS inhibitors might be harmful in treating sepsis. In this study, NLA or L‐NAME treatment stimulated significantly on LPS‐induced iNOS (but not COX‐2) protein in RAW 264.7 cells which was inhibited by these three compounds. Quercetin pentaacetate, but not quercetin and rutin, showed the strong inhibitory activity on PGE2 production and COX‐2 protein expression in NLA/LPS or L‐NAME/LPS co‐treated RAW 264.7 cells. These results indicated that combinatorial treatment of L‐arginine analogs and flavonoid derivates, such as quercetin pentaacetate, effectively inhibited LPS‐induced NO and PGE2 productions, at the same time, inhibited enhanced expressions of iNOS and COX‐2 genes. J. Cell. Biochem. 82: 537–548, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulatory role of endogenous regucalcin in the enhancement of nuclear deoxyribonuleic acid synthesis with proliferation of cloned rat hepatoma cells (H4‐II‐E)
Authors: Inagaki Shyuichiroh , Yamaguchi Masayoshi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe role of endogenous regucalcin in the regulation of deoxyribonuleic acid (DNA) synthesis in the nuclei of the cloned rat hepatoma cells (H4‐II‐E) with proliferative cells was investigated. Cells were cultured for 6–96 h in a α‐minimum essential medium (α‐MEM) containing fetal bovine serum (FBS; 1 or 10%). Cell number was significantly increased between 24 and 96 h after culture with 10% FBS; cell proliferation was markedly stimulated by culture with 10% FBS as compared with that of 1% FBS. In vitro DNA synthesis activity in the nuclei of cells was significantly elevated 6 h after culture with 10% FBS and its elevation was remarkable at 12 and 24 h after the culture. Nuclear DNA synthesis activity was significantly reduced in the presence of various protein kinase inhibitors (PD98059, staurosprine, or trifluoperazine) in the reaction mixture containing the nuclei of cells cultured for 12 and 24 h with FBS (1 and 10%). The addition of regucalcin (10−7 and 10−6M) in the reaction mixture caused a significant inhibition of nuclear DNA synthesis activity. The presence of anti‐regucalcin monoclonal antibody (25–100 ng/ml) in the reaction mixture containing the nuclei of cells cultured for 24 h with 10% FBS resulted in a significant increase in nuclear DNA synthesis activity. This increase was completely blocked by the addition of regucalcin (10−6 M). The effect of anti‐regucalcin antibody (100 ng/ml) in increasing nuclear DNA synthesis activity was significantly inhibited in the presence of various protein kinase inhibitors. DNA synthesis activity was significantly enhanced in the presence of anti‐regucalcin antibody (100 ng/ml) in the reaction mixture containing the nuclei of cells cultured for 24 h with 10% FBS in the presence of Bay K 8644 (2.5 × 10−6 M). Culture with Bay K 8644 did not cause a significant increase in DNA synthesis activity in the absence of anti‐regucalcin antibody. The present study demonstrates that endogenous regucalcin plays a suppressive role in the enhancement of nuclear DNA synthesis with proliferative cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 82: 704–711, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cloning and characterization of osteoactivin, a novel cDNA expressed in osteoblasts
Authors: Safadi Fayez. F. , Xu Jie , Smock Steven L. , Rico Mario C. , Owen Thomas A. , Popoff Steven N. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOsteoblast development is a complex process involving the expression of specific growth factors and regulatory proteins that control cell proliferation, differentiation, and maturation. In this study, we used the rat mutation, osteopetrosis (op), to examine differences in skeletal gene expression between mutant op and normal littermates. Total RNA isolated from long bone and calvaria was used as a template for mRNA differential display. One of many cDNAs that were selectively expressed in either normal or mutant bone was cloned and sequenced and found to share some homology to the human nmb and Pmel 17 genes. This novel cDNA was named osteoactivin. Osteoactivin has an open reading frame of 1716 bp that encodes a protein of 572 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 63.8 kD. Protein sequence analysis revealed the presence of a signal peptide and a cleavage site at position 23. The protein also has thirteen predicted N‐linked glycosylation sites and a potential RGD integrin recognition site at position 556. Northern blot analysis confirmed that osteoactivin was 3‐ to 4‐fold overexpressed in op versus normal bone. RT‐PCR analysis showed that osteoactivin is most highly expressed in bone compared with any of the other non‐osseous tissues examined. In situ hybridization analysis of osteoactivin in normal bone revealed that it is primarily expressed in osteoblasts actively engaged in bone matrix production and mineralization. In primary rat osteoblast cultures, osteoactivin showed a temporal pattern of expression being expressed at highest levels during the later stages of matrix maturation and mineralization and correlated with the expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin. Our findings show that osteoactivin expression in bone is osteoblast‐specific and suggest that it may play an important role in osteoblast differentiation and matrix mineralization. Furthermore, osteoactivin overexpression in op mutant bone may be secondary to the uncoupling of bone resorption and formation resulting in abnormalities in osteoblast gene expression and function. J. Cell. Biochem. 84: 12–26, 2002. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.