bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effective Leadership and the Quest for Environmental Sustainability in Africa
Authors: Solomon Kingsley Christopher , Nkem Okolie Charles , Enyinnaya Nwamuo Bright , Okeke Ifeanyi Johnson , Okoroafor Ogbonnaya Ikwor , Chibuike Anyanwu Timothy , Nneka Okezie Benedette 
Published: October 2023

The African continent is undeniably blessed with immense resources that spans from natural to human. The remarkably blessed natural resources and the unique environment accounts for the abundance of food and raw materials that keep the various industries around the world operational. In other words, Africa and its numerous natural resources cannot be undermined in the world’s food-chain and supplies of raw materials that keep industrial world functional. This beautiful horizon of Africa’s natural environment remains the home of various species of unique animals and plants. However, in recent times, the rich African environment and natural resources have been under threats by various human activities and natural disaster such as Gas flaring, Deforestation, flood, wild fire, hunting, oil explorations etc. These human and natural disaster have put the African continent and indeed its beautiful natural environment at the threshold of near collapse, unproductivity, risk of extinction of unique plants and animals and of course other unimaginable problems, if not properly handled. Leadership crisis and indeed poor leadership in Africa have not only contributed to the socio-political and cultural problems in Africa, but to the environmental crisis and mismanagement of various resources that can aid the progress of Africa. This paper affirms that effective leadership remains a propitious tool of environmental sustainability in Africa.
Keywords: Leadership, Effective leadership, Environmental sustainability in Africa
Labor Market - Evolution and Trends in Post-Pandemic Times
Authors: WANG Jianbo , GHINEA Raluca-Elena , STATE Cristina , ZHANG Xiaoliang 
Published: October 2023

Since the appearance of the first entrepreneurial activities, people have noticed that the most important resource, without which they will not be able to be successful, is the human resource. Over time, industries and fields of activity have evolved and this is obvious to everyone, but this would not have been possible without well-trained, involved and eager people to achieve performance.
Therefore, whatever resources are involved in a business, regardless of the field, country, coverage area, the human resource remains the most valuable. The business sector is constantly evolving and, along with it, the labor market also shows a dynamic that is at least directly proportional.
The pandemic period strongly affected almost all economic sectors and, at the same time, a very large number of employees were directly affected by these changes: either they became unemployed, or they were laid off, or (the happiest ones) they continued the flow of work, without being strongly affected by what happened in the market. We have analysed these changes at the international level in order to outline the evolution of the labor market in recent years and its future trends.
Through this article, with the help of the synthesis of case studies carried out by accredited institutions as well as the specialized literature, we propose to identify what was, with the total or partial return to normality, the dynamics of the labor market and how the companies managed to straighten and fold with the new realities of the markets.
Keywords: pandemic, human resources, business growth, crisis, labor market
The Association Between Homelessness and Key Liver-Related Outcomes in Veterans With Cirrhosis
Authors: Pulaski Marya , Bittermann Therese , Taddei Tamar H. , Kaplan David E. , Mahmud Nadim 
Published: October 2023

INTRODUCTION:
Homelessness adversely affects patient outcomes in broad cohort studies; however, its impact on key liver-related outcomes in patients with cirrhosis is understudied. We aimed to address this knowledge gap using data from the Veterans Health Administration, a cohort disproportionately affected by homelessness.

METHODS:
This was a retrospective cohort study of the Veterans Health Administration patients with incident cirrhosis diagnosis between January 2008 and February 2022. Homeless status was classified at baseline and as time-updating variable during follow-up. Inverse probability treatment weighted Cox regression was performed to evaluate the association between homelessness and outcomes of all-cause mortality, cirrhosis decompensation, and hepatocellular carcinoma.

RESULTS:
A total of 117,698 patients were included in the cohort, of whom 14,243 (12.1%) were homeless at baseline. In inverse probability treatment weighted Cox regression, homelessness was associated with a 24% higher hazard of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 1.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.22–1.26, P < 0.001). However, in competing risk regression models, homelessness was associated with a reduced subhazard of decompensation (subhazard ratio 0.86, 95% CI 0.84–0.88, P < 0.001) and hepatocellular carcinoma (subhazard ratio 0.86, 95% CI 0.83–0.89, P < 0.001). In cause-specific mortality analysis, homeless patients had significantly increased non–liver-related and liver-related mortality; however, the magnitude of effect size was greater for non–liver-related mortality (csHR 1.38, 95% CI 1.35–1.40, P < 0.001).

DISCUSSION:
Homelessness in veterans with cirrhosis is associated with increased all-cause mortality; however, this is likely mediated primarily through non–liver-related factors. Future studies are needed to explore drivers of mortality and improve mitigation strategies in these patients.
MODEL YOLO VERSI 4 PADA PENGENALAN KENDARAAN DI JALAN RAYA KOTA PALEMBANG
Authors: Oklilas Ahmad Fali , Sukemi Sukemi , Apriliyanto Ridho 
Published: October 2023

Setelah didapatkan hasil dari dataset Foto Kendaraan di Jalan Raya Kota Palembang. Pada penelitian ini melakukan training dan testing dari dataset tersebut menggunakan YOLO versi 4 (you only look once). Dalam Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan nilai akurasi dalam mendeteksi objek motor dan mobil. Hasil Model tersebut akan diuji coba terhadap video rekaman yang didapat dari Jalan Raya. Dataset yang didapat berjumlah 4000 gambar yang berformat .jpg. Dari 4000 file tersebut terdiri dari 2000 file gambar motor dan 2000 file gambar mobil. Hasil dari YOLO v4 mendapatkan akurasi yang baik, hal ini di tunjukkan pada nilai mean Average Precision (mAP) adalah 0.690423 atau 69.04%. Pada YOLO v4 melakukan proses dengan waktu yang cepat untuk mendeteksi objek gambar dalam satuan second ialah 89 detik.
Ferroptosis: A potential target of macrophages in plaque vulnerability
Authors: Li Yu , Ma Ji-Qing , Wang Chao-Chen , Zhou Jian , Sun Yu-Dong , Wei Xiao-Long , Zhao Zhi-Qing 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPlaque vulnerability has been the subject of several recent studies aimed at reducing the risk of stroke and carotid artery stenosis. Atherosclerotic plaque development is a complex process involving inflammation mediated by macrophages. Plaques become more vulnerable when the equilibrium between macrophage recruitment and clearance is disturbed. Lipoperoxides, which are affected by iron levels in cells, are responsible for the cell death seen in ferroptosis. Ferroptosis results from lipoperoxide-induced mitochondrial membrane toxicity. Atherosclerosis in ApoE(−/−) mice is reduced when ferroptosis is inhibited and iron intake is limited. Single-cell sequencing revealed that a ferroptosis-related gene was substantially expressed in atherosclerosis-modeled macrophages. Since ferroptosis can be regulated, it offers hope as a non-invasive method of treating carotid plaque. In this study, we discuss the role of ferroptosis in atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability, including its mechanism, regulation, and potential future research directions.
Enhancing clinical reasoning with Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer: a practical guide
Authors: Hirosawa Takanobu , Shimizu Taro 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to elucidate effective methodologies for utilizing the generative artificial intelligence (AI) system, namely the Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT), in improving clinical reasoning abilities among clinicians.

Methods
We conducted a comprehensive exploration of the capabilities of ChatGPT, emphasizing two main areas: (1) efficient utilization of ChatGPT, with a focus on application and language selection, input methodology, and output verification; and (2) specific strategies to bolster clinical reasoning using ChatGPT, including self-learning via simulated clinical case creation and engagement with published case reports.

Results
Effective AI-based clinical reasoning development requires a clear delineation of both system roles and user needs. All outputs from the system necessitate rigorous verification against credible medical resources. When used in self-learning scenarios, capabilities of ChatGPT in clinical case creation notably enhanced disease comprehension.

Conclusions
The efficient use of generative AIs, as exemplified by ChatGPT, can impressively enhance clinical reasoning among medical professionals. Adopting these cutting-edge tools promises a bright future for continuous advancements in clinicians’ diagnostic skills, heralding a transformative era in digital healthcare.
Decoding Reach Direction in Early “Visual” Cortex of Congenitally Blind Individuals
Authors: Bola Łukasz , Vetter Petra , Wenger Mohr , Amedi Amir 
Published: October 2023

Motor actions, such as reaching or grasping, can be decoded from fMRI activity of early visual cortex (EVC) in sighted humans. This effect can depend on vision or visual imagery, or alternatively, could be driven by mechanisms independent of visual experience. Here, we show that the actions of reaching in different directions can be reliably decoded from fMRI activity of EVC in congenitally blind humans (both sexes). Thus, neither visual experience nor visual imagery is necessary for EVC to represent action-related information. We also demonstrate that, within EVC of blind humans, the accuracy of reach direction decoding is highest in areas typically representing foveal vision and gradually decreases in areas typically representing peripheral vision. We propose that this might indicate the existence of a predictive, hard-wired mechanism of aligning action and visual spaces. This mechanism might send action-related information primarily to the high-resolution foveal visual areas, which are critical for guiding and online correction of motor actions. Finally, we show that, beyond EVC, the decoding of reach direction in blind humans is most accurate in dorsal stream areas known to be critical for visuo-spatial and visuo-motor integration in the sighted. Thus, these areas can develop space and action representations even in the lifelong absence of vision. Overall, our findings in congenitally blind humans match previous research on the action system in the sighted, and suggest that the development of action representations in the human brain might be largely independent of visual experience.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTEarly visual cortex (EVC) was traditionally thought to process only visual signals from the retina. Recent studies proved this account incomplete, and showed EVC involvement in many activities not directly related to incoming visual information, such as memory, sound, or action processing. Is EVC involved in these activities because of visual imagery? Here, we show robust reach direction representation in EVC of humans born blind. This demonstrates that EVC can represent actions independently of vision and visual imagery. Beyond EVC, we found that reach direction representation in blind humans is strongest in dorsal brain areas, critical for action processing in the sighted. This suggests that the development of action representations in the human brain is largely independent of visual experience.
NaXChannel Is a Physiological [Na+] Detector in Oxytocin- and Vasopressin-Releasing Magnocellular Neurosecretory Cells of the Rat Supraoptic Nucleus
Authors: Salgado-Mozo Sandra , Thirouin Zahra S. , Wyrosdic Joshua C. , García-Hernández Ubaldo , Bourque Charles W. 
Published: October 2023

TheScn7Agene encodes NaX, an atypical noninactivating Na+channel, whose expression in sensory circumventricular organs is essential to maintain homeostatic responses for body fluid balance. However, NaXhas also been detected in homeostatic effector neurons, such as vasopressin (VP)-releasing magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCVP) that secrete VP (antidiuretic hormone) into the bloodstream in response to hypertonicity and hypernatremia. Yet, the physiological relevance of NaXexpression in these effector cells remains unclear. Here, we show that rat MNCVPin males and females is depolarized and excited in proportion with isosmotic increases in [Na+]. These responses were caused by an inward current resulting from a cell-autonomous increase in Na+conductance. The Na+-evoked current was unaffected by blockers of other Na+-permeable ion channels but was significantly reduced by shRNA-mediated knockdown ofScn7Aexpression. Furthermore, reducing the density of NaXchannels selectively impaired the activation of MNCVPby systemic hypernatremia without affecting their responsiveness to hypertonicityin vivo. These results identify NaXas a physiological Na+sensor, whose expression in MNCVPcontributes to the generation of homeostatic responses to hypernatremia.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn this study, we provide the first direct evidence showing that the sodium-sensing channel encoded by theScn7Agene (NaX) mediates cell-autonomous sodium detection by MNCs in the low millimolar range and that selectively reducing the expression of these channels in MNCs impairs their activation in response to a physiologically relevant sodium stimulusin vitroandin vivo. These data reveal that NaXoperates as a sodium sensor in these cells and that the endogenous sensory properties of osmoregulatory effector neurons contribute to their homeostatic activationin vivo.
Hypoxia activates SREBP2 through Golgi disassembly in bone marrow‐derived monocytes for enhanced tumor growth
Authors: Nakahara Ryuichi , Aki Sho , Sugaya Maki , Hirose Haruka , Kato Miki , Maeda Keisuke , Sakamoto Daichi M , Kojima Yasuhiro , Nishida Miyuki , Ando Ritsuko , Muramatsu Masashi , Pan Melvin , Tsuchida Rika , Matsumura Yoshihiro , Yanai Hideyuki , Takano Hiroshi , Yao Ryoji , Sando Shinsuke , Shibuya Masabumi , Sakai Juro , Kodama Tatsuhiko , Kidoya Hiroyasu , Shimamura Teppei , Osawa Tsuyoshi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBone marrow‐derived cells (BMDCs) infiltrate hypoxic tumors at a pre‐angiogenic state and differentiate into mature macrophages, thereby inducing pro‐tumorigenic immunity. A critical factor regulating this differentiation is activation of SREBP2—a well‐known transcription factor participating in tumorigenesis progression—through unknown cellular mechanisms. Here, we show that hypoxia‐induced Golgi disassembly and Golgi‐ER fusion in monocytic myeloid cells result in nuclear translocation and activation of SREBP2 in a SCAP‐independent manner. Notably, hypoxia‐induced SREBP2 activation was only observed in an immature lineage of bone marrow‐derived cells. Single‐cell RNA‐seq analysis revealed that SREBP2‐mediated cholesterol biosynthesis was upregulated in HSCs and monocytes but not in macrophages in the hypoxic bone marrow niche. Moreover, inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis impaired tumor growth through suppression of pro‐tumorigenic immunity and angiogenesis. Thus, our findings indicate that Golgi‐ER fusion regulates SREBP2‐mediated metabolic alteration in lineage‐specific BMDCs under hypoxia for tumor progression.
Intratumoral co‐injection of NK cells and NKG2A‐neutralizing monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Melero Ignacio , Ochoa Maria C , Molina Carmen , Sanchez‐Gregorio Sandra , Garasa Saray , Luri‐Rey Carlos , Hervas‐Stubbs Sandra , Casares Noelia , Elizalde Edurne , Gomis Gabriel , Cirella Assunta , Berraondo Pedro , Teijeira Alvaro , Alvarez Maite 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNK‐cell reactivity against cancer is conceivably suppressed in the tumor microenvironment by the interaction of the inhibitory receptor NKG2A with the non‐classical MHC‐I molecules HLA‐E in humans or Qa‐1b in mice. We found that intratumoral delivery of NK cells attains significant therapeutic effects only if co‐injected with anti‐NKG2A and anti‐Qa‐1b blocking monoclonal antibodies against solid mouse tumor models. Such therapeutic activity was contingent on endogenous CD8 T cells and type‐1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1). Moreover, the anti‐tumor effects were enhanced upon combination with systemic anti‐PD‐1 mAb treatment and achieved partial abscopal efficacy against distant non‐injected tumors. In xenografted mice bearing HLA‐E‐expressing human cancer cells, intratumoral co‐injection of activated allogeneic human NK cells and clinical‐grade anti‐NKG2A mAb (monalizumab) synergistically achieved therapeutic effects. In conclusion, these studies provide evidence for the clinical potential of intratumoral NK cell‐based immunotherapies that exert their anti‐tumor efficacy as a result of eliciting endogenous T‐cell responses.
Lo feo de las mujeres
Authors: Parra Amaya Angela Mayerly 
Published: October 2023

El propósito de este artículo es ahondar en la comprensión de las mujeres, a partir de sus comportamientos inconsecuentes en relación al ideal femenino, y cómo estos eran abordados por la prensa, en el marco de la consolidación de la república durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. La investigación se basa en tomar voces femeninas y masculinas de publicaciones de la época, con énfasis en la prensa literaria y política, filtrando las fuentes por la categoría: lo feo, desarrollada por Karl Rosenkranz. Leemos el reverso del estereotipo femenino para identificar una serie de variables que amplía la discusión de la naturaleza de las mujeres en relación a sus virtudes y cualidades. El diálogo entre los malos comportamientos y la inadecuada apariencia física constituyen un modelo de mujer mediado por diversas formas de crítica, control, burla y rechazo.
Pengaruh Penggunaan E-LKPD Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Tradisi Nyadran Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Melestarikan Budaya Lokal
Authors: Putri Annisa Febrianti , Prasetyo Ketut , Prasetya Sukma Perdana , Imron Ali 
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penggunaan E-LKPD berbasis kearifan lokal terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik pada mata pelajaran menumbuhkan IPS dan mengembangkan semangatnya serta perbedaan menganalisis hasil belajar antara penggunaan E-LKPD dan LKPD non elektronik dalam pembelajaran IPS. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode eksperimen. Desain penelitian menggunakan rancangan Pretest-postest nonequivalent control group design (menggunakan dua kelas) . Subyek penelitian ini peserta didik kelas VIII dari SMP Negeri 2 Sidoarjo. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tiga teknik, yaitu Observasi, Tes, dan Dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan uji validitas, uji N-gain, uji normalitas, uji homogenitas, dan uji independent t-Test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan E-LKPD cukup efektif dari hasil penelitian yang telah diterapkan pada peserta didik di kelas VIII SMP Negeri 2 Sidoarjo dalam meningkatkan kemampuan menghasilkan budaya lokal. Sedangkan di kelas pembanding menunjukkan hasil dari data penelitian yang kurang efektif dari hasil penelitian dalam penggunaan non E-LKPD. Berdasarkan data hasil penelitian nilai post-test kedua kelas menunjukkan adanya perbedaan dengan menggunakan E-LKPD dalam meningkatkan kemampuan mengatasi budaya lokal. Maka,
Impact of Antidepressant Treatment on Heart Rate Variability in Patients with Depression - A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: M V Raghav , A Geetha , Panchaksharimath Praveen , Raj Nivetha 
Published: October 2023

Heart rate variability (HRV) is a non-invasive index of cardiac autonomic regulation. HRV is reduced in depression, which indicates decreased Autonomic Nervous System flexibility. It is associated with an increase in the frequency of cardiac co-morbidities. Depression medications usually take six months for complete remission, but no data on patients on antidepressants for more than six months. Therefore, it becomes necessary to determine if anti-depressants have a better impact on HRV. The current study focused on analyzing the correction of HRV parameters after six months of antidepressant therapy. A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to September 2021 at the AFT lab inpatients. They were recruited from the Psychiatry department, Victoria Hospital, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. The sample size was calculated to be 40 (20 Patients and 20 Healthy controls). AFT was done on all participants using Power Lab equipment and analyzed using Lab Chart 8 software. Heart rate variability parameters (AFT results) were analyzed using statistical software. The results with a p-value of >0.05% were considered statistically significant and taken up for the study. 55% of the patients with depression in our study were in the age group of 18-25 years, and the mean Ham-D (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale) score was found to be 9.8. There is a reduction in autonomic function flexibility among patients who are on antidepressants when compared to healthy controls, even after six months of treatment. No conclusion could arrive on the class of antidepressant which was more beneficial owing to its effect on autonomic functions. Hence, randomized controlled studies comparing various classes of antidepressants to assess efficacy in reducing autonomic complications of depression should be taken up
The assessment of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in invasive apocrine carcinoma of the breast in relation to the HER2 status
Authors: Gatalica Zoran , Kuzmova Nataliya , Rose Inga , Ulamec Monika , Peric-Balja Melita , Skenderi Faruk , Vranic Semir 
Published: October 2023

In the current study, we assessed the prevalence and molecular features of HER2-low phenotype in the apocrine carcinomas of the breast (ApoCa) and its relationship with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). A cohort of 64 well-characterized therapy-naïve ApoCa was used. The TIL distribution was assessed using the hematoxylin and eosin whole slide/scanned images following the international TILs working group recommendations. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed in a subset of HER2-low ApoCa. All patients were women, with a mean age of 62 years. Forty-three carcinomas were pure apocrine carcinoma (PAC; ER−/AR+), and the remaining 21 were classified as apocrine-like carcinomas (ALCs; ER+/−, AR+/−). HER2/neu was positive (score 3+ by IHC and/or amplified by FISH) in 20/43 (47%) PAC and 4/21 (19%) ALC. The prevalence of HER2-low expression (scores 1+ or 2+ without HER2 amplification) in ApoCa was 39% without significant differences between PAC and ALC (P = 0.14); however, the HER2-low phenotype was more prevalent in triple-negative PAC than in ALC (P < 0.001). Levels of TILs were low (≤10%) in 74% of ApoCa (median 5%, range 0%–50%). TIL levels were significantly higher in ALC than in PAC (P = 0.02). HER2 status had no impact on TIL distribution (P = 0.45). The genomic profile of HER2-low ApoCa was similar to other subtypes of ApoCa. ApoCa has predominantly low TIL, particularly PAC. The prevalence of the HER2-low phenotype in ApoCa is high, which should have therapeutic and clinical implications given the recently approved therapies with antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) for HER2-low breast cancers.