bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevention of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicosis in dogs, using hypertonic saline solution as the vehicle of administration
Authors: Forrester S. Dru , Fallin Edward A. , Saunders Geoffrey K. , Kenny James E. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
We determined whether administration of cisplatin in hypertonic saline solution would prevent significant decrease in renal function, as measured by exogenous creatinine clearance, in healthy dogs. A single dose of cisplatin (70 mg/m2 of body surface) was mixed in 3% saline solution and was infused IV (6.5 ml/kg of body weight) over a 20-minute period to 6 healthy dogs. Exogenous creatinine clearance was determined prior to treatment of dogs with cisplatin and again on days 3 and 21 after administration of cisplatin. All 6 dogs vomited at least once within 12 hours of treatment with cisplatin; however, clinically important changes in appetite, body weight, or hydration status were not apparent during the 21-day study. Although mean values for exogenous creatinine clearance decreased from baseline on days 3 and 21, changes were not significantly different. Renal histologic lesions included mild, chronic, lympho-plasmacytic interstitial nephritis in 5 dogs, and presumably, were unrelated to treatment with cisplatin. Mild renal tubular atrophy (n = 2) and tubular necrosis (n = 1) may have developed secondary to treatment with cisplatin. Results of this study indicated that administration of a single dose of cisplatin in 3% saline solution to healthy dogs was not associated with significant decrease in glomerular filtration rate. This is a convenient protocol for administering cisplatin; however, additional study is required before it can be recommended for clinical patients, especially those with preexisting renal disease or those receiving multiple doses of cisplatin.
Intranasal administration of Pasteurella multocida toxin in a challenge-exposure model used to induce subclinical signs of atrophic rhinitis in pigs
Authors: van Diemen Pauline M. , de Jong Marten F. , de Vries Reilingh Ger , van der Hel Prins , Schrama Johan W. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
A challenge-exposure model was developed for dose-dependent induction of subclinical (moderate) atrophic rhinitis (ar) in conventionally raised Dutch Landrace and Large White pigs, about 4 weeks old. Under favorable climatic and housing conditions, pigs were intranasally challenge-exposed with Pasteurella multocida-derived toxin (Pm-T) 3 days after pretreatment by inoculation with 1% acetic acid. Pigs were challenge-exposed with 1 of the following Pm-T doses: 0 (control), 5, 13, 20, or 40 μg of Pm-T/ml of phosphate-buffered saline solution (pbss), 0.5 ml/ nostril/d on 3 consecutive days. Five weeks after challenge exposure, subclinical (moderate) ar status was defined as intermediate conchal atrophy (grade 2 for ventral conchae on a 0 to 4 scale and grade 1 or 2 for dorsal conchae on a 0 to 3 scale, respectively) and perceptible difference in change in brachygnathia superior (cbs) between control and challenge-exposed pigs between the beginning and end of the study.
All Pm-T-exposed pigs had nasal damage that was dose-dependent. The higher Pm-T doses resulted in higher ventral conchae atrophy and dorsal conchae atrophy scores. The CBS increased with applied Pm-T dose, resulting in significant (P < 0.05) differences between controls (3.88 mm) and the 13-, 20-, and 40-μg Pm-T-treated groups (7.77, 6.58, and 7.98 mm, respectively). In response to the applied dose, weight gain per week for Pm-T-exposed pigs was lower than that of controls after week 3 (P < 0.01). Difference from controls was 32, 54, 52, and 96 g/d/pig for 5-, 13-, 20-, and 40-μg Pm-T-treated groups respectively, in the last 2 weeks.
For Dutch Landrace and Large White pigs, intranasally administered Pm-T mimicked the pathogenic effect of in vivo infection with toxigenic Pm strains. The optimal model to induce subclinical ar appeared to be 13 μg of Pm-T/ml (0.5 ml/nostril/d) on 3 consecutive days. Our model should enable studies of exogenous and endogenous factors involved in development of ar, independent of the colonizing ability of the Pm strain used.
Safety assessment of moxidectin 1% injectable on reproductive performance in beef cows
Authors: Rae D. O. , Larsen R. E. , Wang G. T. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
The safety of moxidectin 1% injectable anthelmintic (0.6 mg/kg of body weight, 3 times the recommended dose) was evaluated in 145 reproductively sound, beef cows undergoing estrous cycle. Five treatment groups received moxidectin 1% injectable at specific times relative to a synchronized estrus (day 0): preovulatory treatment (day — 2, treatment group 1), treatment at ovulation (day 0, group 2), and treatment after ovulation (days 7, 14, and 28, group 3, 4, and 5, respectively). Two groups of control cows received an injection of vehicle only at times corresponding to treatment in the other groups (6 at days — 2, 7, and 28; 7 at days 0, 7, and 14). A final control group (8) received neither product or vehicle. Adverse clinical reactions were not observed in moxidectin- or vehicle-treated cows. Cows were bred by artificial insemination between days - 2 and 25 and, subsequently, by breeding-sound bulls through day 65 of the study. Treatment and control groups did not differ in pregnancy rate or time to conception. Moxidectin (at 3 times the therapeutic dose) did not have deleterious effects on cow reproductive performance as examined (eg, at folliculogenesis, ovulation, and the early embryonic phase of development).
Evaluation of Janeway gastrostomy in llamas
Authors: Schmotzer Wayne B. , Huber Michael J. , Frank Anthony A. , Riebold Thomas W. , Hollingshead Nancy C. , Smith Bradford B. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
To provide long-term gastric fistulas for collection of third-compartment gastric contents, Janeway mucosal tube gastrostomy was performed, using a gastrointestinal stapling instrument, in 6 castrated adult male llamas. Mean operative time (±sem) was 65 ±4.16 minutes. All llamas survived the 6-week study period. Of the 6 llamas, 5 did not have signs of abdominal pain and returned to preoperative food consumption amounts within 36 hours. One llama had mild intermittent signs of abdominal pain daily for 7 days before returning to preoperative amount of food consumption. All gastrostomies leaked small amounts of gastric contents around indwelling 6- to 8-mm cannulas at the skin surface. Gastric contents did not leak when cannulas were dislodged from gastrostomy stomas. Replacement of cannulas was rapid and easy. Gravity-flow sample collection was best accomplished through 8-mm cannulas. Mean (±sem) weight loss was detected in all llamas (15 ± 3 kg) and was associated with frequent nonfeeding and stress of sample collection.
Gross necropsy findings were unremarkable in 5 of 6 llamas. All mucosal tube gastrostomies were patent, and there was no evidence of peritonitis. One llama had a single fibrous adhesion connecting the operative site with the ascending colon. Histologically, small (2.5- to 15-mm diameter) partial-thickness mucosal erosions identified at the tube gastrostomy-gastric wall junctions may have been associated with indwelling gastric cannulas. The Janeway gastrostomy was generally well tolerated in the llamas and should be considered as a useful long-term fistulation technique.
Correlation between ultrasonographic findings and serum testosterone concentration in prepubertal and peripubertal colts
Authors: Holyoak G. Reed , Little Thomas V. , Vernon Michael , McCollum William H. , Timoney Peter J. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Correlation between serum testosterone concentration and morphometric findings from ultrasonography of the accessory sex glands in peripubertal colts was investigated during pubertal development. Nineteen colts of initial age ranging from 5 to 12 months were monitored over a 13-month period. Serum testosterone concentration was determined on a biweekly basis, and accessory sex gland development was ultrasonographically monitored once a month. Notwithstanding individual variation, there was significant correlation (r = 0.913; P < 0.01) between increasing serum testosterone concentration and the onset of developmental changes involving the accessory sex glands. As colts entered their 2-year-old year with relatively immature reproductive tracts, compared with mature stallions, there was still a significant seasonal effect on serum testosterone concentration and accessory sex gland measurements (P < 0.05). Ultrasonography was confirmed as a valuable noninvasive method of monitoring and assessing peripubertal accessory sex gland development in colts.
Lymphocyte proliferation responses of pigs inoculated with transmissible gastroenteritis virus or porcine respiratory coronavirus
Authors: Brim Theresa A. , VanCott John L. , Lunney Joan K. , Saif Linda J. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Cell-mediated immunity was evaluated in intestinal, respiratory, and systemic lymphoid tissues of pigs exposed when 11 days old to virulent transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), attenuated tgev, or porcine respiratory coronavirus (prcv), 3 antigenically related porcine coronaviruses with distinct enteric and respiratory tissue tropisms. Mononuclear cells were prepared from mesenteric lymph nodes (mln), bronchial lymph nodes (bln), and spleens of pigs and tested for virus-specific responses by use of lymphocyte proliferation assays. Vigorous mln and bln proliferation responses to virulent tgev and prcv, respectively, at postinoculation days 8 to 24 were strongly associated with prior detection of tgev in rectal swab samples and prcv in nasal swab samples. Gastrointestinal disease and intestinal virus replication, assessed on the basis of rectal virus shedding, were almost exclusively found in the virulent tgev-inoculated pigs, even though virulent tgev and a high dose of attenuated tgev elicited the highest proliferation responses in mln. Pigs exposed to prcv or attenuated tgev did not have clinical signs of disease, and only 1 pig given a high dose of attenuated tgev shed virus in feces. Porcine respiratory coronavirus replicated in the respiratory tract after either oronasal or aerosol inoculation of virus and induced strong bln, but not mln, proliferation responses. A high dose of attenuated tgev (4 × 108 plaque-forming units) was more effective than a lower dose of attenuated tgev (7 × 106 plaque-forming units) in eliciting significant lymphocyte proliferation in mln and bln. Cellular immune function, assessed on the basis of mitogen-induced proliferation of lymphocytes, was comparable for all 3 sources of lymphocytes and was not adversely affected by exposure to any of the 3 coronaviruses, nor did it vary with age of the pigs. The tissue tropism of tgev and prcv was associated with induction of virus-specific cell-mediated immune responses, as evidenced by substantial lymphocyte proliferation responses in mln and bln, mucosa-associated lymph nodes adjacent to the primary sites of virus replication. The failure of prcv strain ISU-1 to replicate in the intestinal tract correlated with poor virus-specific cellular immune responses in mln.
Evaluation of an orally administered vaccine, using hydrogels containing bacterial exotoxins of Pasteurella haemolytica, in cattle
Authors: Bowersock Terry L. , Shalaby Waleed S.W. , Levy Michel , Samuels Myra L. , Lallone Roger , White M. Randy , Borie Della L. , Lehmeyer Joyce , Park Kinam 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Poly(methacrylic acid) hydrogels were tested for oral delivery of a vaccine against Pasteurella haemolytica infection in cattle. Culture supernatants of P haemolytica, the most common bacterium associated with pneumonia in cattle, were used as the antigens in the vaccine. Hydrogels containing culture supernatants were administered orally to calves. Calves were then challenge-exposed with virulent P haemolytica. Calves were euthanatized 3 days after challenge exposure. The lungs of each calf were scored for severity and size of pneumonic lesions. Results indicated that vaccinated calves had smaller, less severe pneumonic lesions and lived longer than nonvaccinated calves. These results indicated that hydrogels can be used to deliver vaccines orally to calves to enhance resistance to pneumonia caused by P haemolytica.
Cardiorespiratory effects of induction and maintenance of anesthesia with ketamine-midazolam combination, with and without prior administration of butorphanol or oxymorphone
Authors: Jacobson John D. , McGrath Charles J. , Smith Eric P. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Cardiorespiratory effects of an iv administered bolus of ketamine (7.5 mg/kg of body weight) and midazolam (0.375 mg/kg) followed by iv infusion of ketamine (200 μg/kg/min) and midazolam (10 μg/kg/min) for 60 minutes was determined in 6 dogs. Ketamine-midazolam combination was administered to dogs on 3 occasions to determine effects of prior administration of iv administered saline solution (1 ml), butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg), or oxymorphone (0.1 mg/kg). The infusion rate of ketamine and midazolam was decreased by 25% for anesthetic maintenance after opioid administration.
There were no significant differences in cardiorespiratory variables after saline solution or butorphanol administration; however, oxymorphone caused significant (P < 0.05) increases in mean arterial blood pressure, systemic vascular resistance, and breathing rate. Bolus administration of ketamine-midazolam combination after saline solution caused significant (P < 0.05) increases in heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, cardiac index, mean pulmonary blood pressure, venous admixture, and significant decreases in stroke index, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, arterial and mixed venous oxygen tension, arterial oxygen content, and alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient. Opioid administration was associated with significantly (P < 0.05) lower values than was saline administration for heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, and arterial and mixed venous pH and with higher values for stroke index, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, and arterial and mixed venous carbon dioxide tension. Prior oxymorphone administration resulted in the highest (P < 0.05) values for mean pulmonary blood pressure, venous admixture, and arterial and mixed venous carbon dioxide tension, and the lowest values for arterial oxygen tension, and arterial and mixed venous pH. Each treatment provided otherwise uncomplicated anesthetic induction, maintenance, and recovery. Time to extubation, sternal recumbency, and walking with minimal ataxia was similar for each treatment.
Effect of anticoagulant and blood storage time on platelet-bound antibody concentrations in clinically normal dogs
Authors: Lewis David C. , Meyers Kenneth M. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
A solid-phase elisa to detect antibodies bound to the surface of canine platelets (platelet-bound antibodies) is described. Using this assay, the effect of anticoagulant and storage time of anticoagulant blood on the concentration of antibodies bound to the surface of platelets from clinically normal dogs was investigated. Blood from 3 clinically normal dogs was anticoagulated with acid citrate dextrose, Na3 citrate, and aqueous K3 edta and stored on ice for up to 48 hours. Platelet-bound antibody concentration was measured on platelets isolated from anticoagulated blood immediately after venipuncture and subsequent to storage of blood for 24 and 48 hours. Differences in platelet-bound antibody concentrations were investigated among dogs, anticoagulants, and storage times by anova and Bonferroni pair-wise comparison of means. There was no effect of dog on platelet-bound antibody concentration. The effect of time was significant (P < 0.0001), with higher concentration of platelet-bound antibodies detected with increasing storage time. Effect of anticoagulant on platelet-bound antibody concentration was not statistically significant; however, there was a trend to increasing concentration of antibodies bound to platelets isolated from Na3 citrate- and K3 edta-anticoagulated blood. Moreover, there was significant (P = 0.02) interaction between anticoagulant and time. Platelet-bound antibody concentration increased with storage of anticoagulated blood prior to platelet isolation and with use of Na3 citrate and K3 edta anticoagulants. The preferred anticoagulant for platelet-bound antibody measurement is acid citrate dextrose. Platelet-bound antibody concentration should be determined not longer than 24 hours after blood collection.
Treatment of group E streptococci-induced lymphadenitis in swine by feeding various concentrations of chlortetracycline: Relation of antibody with prevalence of abscesses
Authors: Olson LeRoy D. , Miller Robert B. , Schlink Gerald T. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Consumption of chlortetracycline (ctc) at concentration of 220 mg/kg of feed for 4 weeks in experiment 1 and at concentrations of 110 and 220 mg/kg for 3 weeks and 440 mg/kg for 2 weeks in experiment 2 failed to eliminate streptococci-induced lymphadenitis from swine referred to as principals. Abscesses, mostly in the head and neck, developed in at least a third of all swine in the various groups fed these ctc concentrations. Feeding of 220 mg of ctc/kg of feed in experiment 1 began 12 weeks after exposure of principals to an untypeable group E streptococci (ges; isolate 3X29A). In experiment 2, feeding of 110 and 220 mg of ctc/kg of feed began 5 weeks after exposure of principals to ges and feeding of 440 mg of ctc/kg of feed began 6 weeks after exposure. One or more cohabitating sentinel swine of experiment 1 and one or more sentinels in all groups of principals of experiment 2, except group 2, developed abscesses that were mostly in the head and neck. In experiment 2, correlation between serum GES antibody titer and development of one or more abscesses in the principals was highly significant (P < 0.01); however, correlation between antibody titer and abscesses in the sentinels only approached significance (P < 0.10).
Effectiveness of doramectin for treatment of experimentally induced gastrointestinal tract larval nematode infections in calves
Authors: Yazwinski T. A. , Featherston H. , Tucker C. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Anthelmintic efficacy of doramectin, a macrocyclic lactone of the avermectin family, was evaluated against larval parasitic nematodes in calves. The investigational product was given sc at a dosage of 0.2 mg/kg of body weight to 10 calves infected 6 days previously with third-stage larvae of the genera Haemonchus, Ostertagia, Cooperia, and Nematodirus. Ten additional calves with identical larval exposure were given saline solution sc also at 6 days after inoculation, and served as the nonmedicated controls. At 14 or 15 days after treatment, the calves were slaughtered in complete replicate for nematode recovery and subsequent quantifications. In comparing nematode numbers at necropsy for the saline- and dora-mectin-treated groups, nematocidal effectiveness as directed against fourth-stage larvae was: 100% for Haemonchus placei and Cooperia spp, > 99% for Ostertagia ostertagi, and 64.5% for Nematodirus helvetianus. All treatments were easily administered, and adverse behavioral or tissue reactions were not seen to result from doramectin administration.
Effects of parathyroid hormone depletion in dogs with induced renal failure
Authors: Finco Delmar R. , Brown Scott A. , Cooper Tanya , Crowell Wayne A. , Hoenig Margarethe , Barsanti Jeanne A. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Six parathyroidectomized (ptx) and 6 control dogs had renal mass reduced by 15/16, and were studied for effects of parathyroid hormone depletion on progression of renal failure. All ptx dogs and 4 of 6 control dogs survived until necropsy after 32 weeks.
Plasma parathyroid hormone concentration was undetectable in ptx dogs throughout the study, but was greater than normal in control dogs. Serum inorganic phosphate (P) concentration was increased in ptx dogs (6.8 ±0.1 mg/dl) and in control dogs (7.5 ± 0.2), but did not differ significantly (P = 0.254) between groups. Ionized blood calcium values (Ca2+) were significantly (P = 0.014) lower in ptx dogs (1.31 ± 0.01 mmol/L) than in control dogs (1.36 ± 0.00 mmol/L), but were more variable in ptx dogs.
Values in ptx dogs were not significantly different from those in control dogs for glomerular filtration rate (P = 0.914), plasma creatinine concentration (P = 0.903), and urine protein to creatinine ratio (P = 0.756) determined at intervals during the study. Terminal glucose tolerance and plasma insulin concentrations, P tolerance, and renal P excretion did not differ between groups.
Histologic comparison of kidneys removed during reduction of renal mass with kidneys removed at necropsy revealed development of lesions in both groups of dogs, and no protective effect from parathyroidectomy.
Mineral analysis of aorta, brain, heart, lungs, and skeletal muscle obtained at necropsy revealed no significant difference between ptx and control groups. Renal cortical calcium concentration was significantly (P < 0.05) greater in kidneys obtained at necropsy than in kidneys obtained during nephrectomy, but ptx did not protect renal cortex from calcium deposition.
Effects of choreito consumption on struvite crystal growth in urine of cats
Authors: Buffington C. A. , Blaisdell Jean L. , Komatsu Yasuhiro , Kawase Kiyoshi 
Published: January 2024

Summary
The effect of a dietary supplement, choreito, on in vitro struvite crystal growth in feline urine was evaluated. Adult specific-pathogen-free cats (4 females, 4 males) considered to be clinically normal on the basis of physical examination findings and normal results of cbc, serum biochemical analyses, and urinalyses obtained before the beginning of the study were used. Before 24-hour urine sample collections were made, cats were fed a commercial canned diet with 0 or 500 mg of choreito supplement/kg of body weight for at least 2 weeks in a cross-over design with 4 cats/treatment. Filtered urine samples were analyzed for urine pH, specific gravity, osmolality, and urine electrolytes. The struvite activity product was calculated, using a statistical software program that calculates urine saturation. Urine samples were placed in wells of cell culture plates, increasing concentrations of ammonium hydroxide were added to adjacent wells to stimulate struvite crystal growth, and the plates were incubated at 37 C. Crystal growth was assessed by determination of number of crystals and supersaturation index by direct visualization, using an inverted microscope. Supplementation of the diet with choreito (at this concentration) did not change urine pH, specific gravity, osmolality, urine electrolyte composition, or calculated struvite activity product. However, supplementation significantly (P < 0.05) reduced crystal number and supersaturation index. These results indicate that direct observation of struvite crystal formation in whole urine may more accurately predict the effects of treatments to prevent or treat struvite urolithiasis than do calculations based on electrolyte concentration that do not account for the effect of urine macromolecules. It also may mean that choreito consumption affects the concentration of inhibitors or promoters in urine. It was concluded that choreito significantly (P < 0.05) reduced growth of struvite crystals in feline urine, and thus may have a role in prevention of feline struvite urolithiasis. In vivo studies will be necessary to test this hypothesis.