bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of recent level changes in Lake Van using water balance, LSTM and ANN approaches
Authors: Aydin Mehmet Cihan , Gelberi Gamze , Ulu Ali Emre 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLake Van, the greatest soda water lake in the world located in the east of Turkey, has always attracted the attention of researchers due to its significant water level changes. Identifying the causes for these level changes is very important with respect to the scientific world and the sustainability of the ecological balance. Although extensive research has been carried out on the water level changes in Lake Van in the past years, no any study exists which analyzes the recent level changes. In this study, recent water level changes in Van Lake were analyzed using two different methods, and the results were evaluated. First, the water level changes during the period 2010–2020 were examined through the meteorological and hydrological data collected by the water budget method. Second, the water level changes for 2000–2020 were estimated using the LSTM and NAR neural networks. In the light of the results, reasons for the recent level changes in Lake Van were discussed. It was concluded that the changes, especially those occurred after 2014, may be hydrometeorological. However, the unusual level changes between 2010 and 2013 cannot be explained by water balance, may be tectonic or volcanic origin. The findings of this study indicate that these changes may continue in the future, and therefore, further research with different disciplines is needed on this subject.
Modeling fluid flow in fractured porous media: a comparative analysis between Darcy–Darcy model and Stokes–Brinkman model
Authors: Dudun Anireju , Feng Yin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThere are limited comparative studies on modeling fluid transport in fractured porous media. Hence, this paper systematically compares the steady-state creeping flow Stokes–Brinkman and Darcy–Darcy models for computational efficiency and accuracy. Sensitivity analyses were also conducted on the effect of fracture orientations, fracture sizes, mesh resolution, and fractures with Local Grid Refinement (LGR) under the FEniCS computational framework. Both models were validated numerically, and the accuracy of their solution is compared using the R-squared metric and L2 norm estimates. Key results showed that both models have similar pressure and velocity field solutions for a given fracture orientation. The computational time required for solving the Stokes–Brinkman models for a single fracture case was unusually lower than that of the Darcy–Darcy model when the pressure and velocity terms in the Darcy–Darcy model were solved simultaneously using two equations, contrary to where only one equation solves for the pressure and the velocity is obtained by projecting the gradient of pressure onto a vector space. The Stokes–Brinkman model is more sensitive to mesh resolution, and as a result, the Darcy–Darcy model tends to be more accurate than the Stokes–Brinkman model at low resolutions. Local Grid Refinement (LGR) can improve the Stokes–Brinkman model's accuracy at low mesh resolution. Furthermore, both models showed similar results when compared for complex fracture systems such as multiple fracture cases: interconnecting and isolated fractured porous media systems under low-velocity and steady-state creeping flow conditions. The FEniCS code in this paper is shared for future researchers to reproduce results or extend the research work.
Prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences in Adolescents with Special Educational and Care Needs in the Netherlands: A Case-File Study of Three Special Educational and Care Settings
Authors: Mercera Gabriëlle , Vervoort-Schel Jessica , Offerman Evelyne , Pronk Sanne , Wissink Inge , Lindauer Ramón 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTo date, Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) in adolescents with special educational and care needs have received little attention as an important risk factor for their behavioral, emotional, and learning problems. This study provides insight into ACE prevalence and family risk factors in three Dutch special educational and care settings for vulnerable school-aged youth. 268 adolescents (10–18 years old) with severe and persistent problems at individual and family level, from a special educational setting (setting 1; n = 59), a residential care setting (setting 2; n = 86) and an alternative educational setting (setting 3; n = 123) were included. A retrospective cross-sectional study design was used. Data were collected between 2016 and 2019 through structured case-file analysis. A substantial proportion of the adolescents in all settings experienced at least one ACE, with 69.5% in setting 1, 84.9% in setting 2 and 95.1% in setting 3. Family risk factors were relatively common, among which a limited social network in all settings (20–50%) and debts in setting 2 and 3 (25–40%). The substantial ACE prevalence underlines the need for early ACE awareness. Trauma-informed care and education are needed to adequately understand trauma-related behaviors, prevent retraumatization, and enhance learning and healthy development. Given that ACEs regarding household dysfunction and family risk factors seem to be common in adolescents with special educational and care needs, family centered approaches should be implemented as well in the interest of lifelong health and well-being for both adolescents and their families.
Genre: generative multi-turn question answering with contrastive learning for entity–relation extraction
Authors: Wang Lulu , Yu Kai , Wumaier Aishan , Zhang Peng , Yibulayin Tuergen , Wu Xi , Gong Jibing , Maimaiti Maihemuti 
Published: February 2024

AbstractExtractive approaches have been the mainstream paradigm for identifying overlapping entity–relation extraction. However, limited by their inherently methodological flaws, which hardly deal with three issues: hierarchical dependent entity–relations, implicit entity–relations, and entity normalization. Recent advances have proposed an effective solution based on generative language models, which cast entity–relation extraction as a sequence-to-sequence text generation task. Inspired by the observation that humans learn by getting to the bottom of things, we propose a novel framework, namely GenRE, Generative multi-turn question answering with contrastive learning for entity–relation extraction. Specifically, a template-based question prompt generation first is designed to answer in different turns. We then formulate entity–relation extraction as a generative question answering task based on the general language model instead of span-based machine reading comprehension. Meanwhile, the contrastive learning strategy in fine-tuning is introduced to add negative samples to mitigate the exposure bias inherent in generative models. Our extensive experiments demonstrate that GenRE performs competitively on two public datasets and a custom dataset, highlighting its superiority in entity normalization and implicit entity–relation extraction. (The code is available at https://github.com/lovelyllwang/GenRE).
Enhancing sustainability for pavement maintenance decision-making through image processing-based distress detection
Authors: fawzy Mohamed Mahmoud , shrakawy Ahmed shawky el , Hassan Abbas atef , khalifa Yasser ali 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRoad maintenance sustainability entails implementing practices that reduce the impact of road accident. while simultaneously ensuring the durability and functionality of the road infrastructure. Pavement distress is a major concern for transportation agencies as it affects the safety and comfort of road users. This paper presents a novel approach for prioritizing pavement distress through the application of image processing techniques and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The proposed method involves capturing images of the pavement surface using a high-resolution camera and analyzing them using image processing algorithms. The images are processed to identify different types of pavement distress such as cracks, potholes, and rutting. The severity of each type of distress is then quantified. AHP is utilized to prioritize the identified distress based on its severity and impact on road users. The proposed approach has been tested on real-world pavement images, and the results demonstrate its effectiveness in accurately identifying and prioritizing pavement distress. This method can assist transportation agencies in making informed decisions about maintenance and repair activities, leading to improved road safety and reduced maintenance costs. This automated method achieved an accuracy percentage of about 95%.
Factors associated with delirium in a real-world acute-care setting: analysis considering the interdependence of clinical variables with the frailty syndrome
Authors: Ticinesi Andrea , Parise Alberto , Delmonte Davide , Coppi Chiara , Prati Beatrice , Cerundolo Nicoletta , Guerra Angela , Nouvenne Antonio , Meschi Tiziana 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Delirium risk assessment in the acute-care setting generally does not account for frailty. The objective of this retrospective study was to identify factors associated with delirium, considering the interdependency of clinical variables with frailty syndrome in complex older patients.

Methods
The clinical records of 587 participants (248 M, median age 84) were reviewed, collecting clinical, anamnestic and pharmacological data. Frailty syndrome was assessed with the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS). Delirium was the main study endpoint. The correlations of the considered anamnestic and clinical variables with delirium and its subtypes were investigated selecting only those variables not showing a high overlap with frailty. Correlations associated with a 25% excess of frequency of delirium in comparison with the average of the population were considered as statistically significant.

Results
Delirium was detected in 117 (20%) participants. The presence of one among age > 85 years old, CFS > 4 and invasive devices explained 95% of delirium cases. The main factors maximizing delirium incidence at the individual level were dementia, other psychiatric illness, chronic antipsychotic treatment, and invasive devices. The coexistence of three of these parameters was associated with a peak frequency of delirium, ranging from 57 to 61%, mostly hypoactive forms.

Conclusions
In acute-care wards, frailty exhibited a strong association with delirium during hospitalization, while at the individual level, dementia and the use of antipsychotics remained important risk factors. Modern clinical prediction tools for delirium should account for frailty syndrome.
Reflexionsfähigkeit von Physiklehramtsstudierenden: Ein Online-Self-Assessment mit Feedback
Authors: Weißbach Anna , Kulgemeyer Christoph 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungUnterrichtsreflexion ist von zentraler Bedeutung für die Verbesserung von Unterricht und die Professionalisierung von Lehrkräften. Die Reflexionsfähigkeit Studierender ist allerdings häufig nur schwach ausgeprägt. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Testinstrument mit Assessment-Feedback vorgestellt, das Studierenden eine Selbsteinschätzung ihrer Reflexionsfähigkeit ermöglicht und das Ziel hat, Assessment-Feedback als Ausgangspunkt für Förderung zu nutzen. Dazu wird die Interpretation der Testwerte als Maß für die Reflexionsfähigkeit argumentbasiert validiert. In Teilstudie 1 (inhaltliche Validität) wird die Passung zwischen Testinstrument und theoretischer Modellierung des Konstrukts diskutiert. In Teilstudie 2 wird die kognitive Validität mit Think-Aloud-Protokollen der Testbearbeitung von N = 7 Studierenden untersucht. In Teilstudie 3 (externe Validität) führen N = 39 Studierende zusätzlich einen etablierten Reflexionsperformanztest durch, der es ermöglicht, Reflexionen in einem authentischeren, aber standardisierten Format zu erfassen. Teilstudie 4 beschäftigt sich mit der Generalisierbarkeit der Ergebnisse über das Bachelor- und Masterstudium. Dazu werden N = 136 Bearbeitungen von Studierenden dieser Studienphasen berücksichtigt und in Bezug auf statistische Kenngrößen (z. B. Lösungshäufigkeit) verglichen. In Teilstudie 5 werden zur Untersuchung der konsequentiellen Validität N = 12 Studierende in leitfadengestützten Interviews zu ihrer Interpretation des Assessment-Feedbacks befragt. Insgesamt können starke Argumente für die Validität der Testwertinterpretation und die Eignung des Instruments gefunden werden. Geringe Einschränkungen liegen bezüglich der inhaltlichen Validität in der Beschränkung auf den Themenbereich Mechanik und bezüglich der konsequentiellen Validität in der Vorstellung weniger Studierender, das Testinstrument biete Beispielaufgaben für universitäre Prüfungen. Das Instrument wird online frei zur Verfügung gestellt, um insbesondere in Praxisphasen der Lehramtsausbildung genutzt werden zu können.
Efficacy of sterilants to kill Erwinia amylovora
Authors: Horner Mary B. , Newland Jayne , McCourt Tyler 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFire blight, caused by Erwinia amylovora, can be spread through orchards and nurseries because of poor sanitation practices such as contaminated secateurs. This research investigated the efficacy of 12 commercial sterilants at varying concentrations to kill E. amylovora on secateurs. Secateurs were dipped into an Erwinia amylovora inoculum solution (106 colony forming units/mL), and then misted with a test sterilant. After 10 s, secateurs were swabbed and plated onto Kings B agar plate, incubated at 26 °C for 48 h and bacterial colonies counted. Sterilants were also assessed for cotton bleaching and metal corrosion. Best performing sterilants were then tested as described above by cutting through infected plant material containing sticky bacterial ooze as inoculum. Each of the sterilants tested (methylated spirits (95% and 70%), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) (1%, 0.5%, 0.135%), Bac-Stop/benzalkonium chloride (2%, 1%), Virkon™ (label rate), Dettol (50%, 10%, 1%, 0.1%), and HarvestCide® gel (0.1%, 0.5%, 1%)) were found to be effective to kill E. amylovora on inoculum-coated secateurs. The best performing sterilants (methylated spirits, Dettol, HarvestCide gel, NaOCl) were also effective in killing E. amylovora on infected plant material when compared with the untreated control. Most sterilants, except methylated spirits or Dettol, caused corrosion of metal and bleaching of cotton. Each of the tested sterilants were found to be effective to kill Erwinia amylovora on inoculum-coated secateurs and inoculum in plant material and bacterial ooze. Many of the best performing sterilants were likely to damage tools over time and cause bleaching on clothing. However, Dettol or methylated spirits did not cause metal corrosion or bleaching.
Betwixt and between student and professional identities: UK medical students during COVID times
Authors: Polidano Kay , Wenning Brianne , Mallen Christian D. , Dikomitis Lisa ,   the Q-COVID-19 Group
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Spring 2020 brought about unprecedented disruption to medical education in the United Kingdom (UK). Medical students were encouraged to take up paid roles in the National Health Service to help with workforce shortages. This article explores medical students’ views and experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic vis-à-vis their professional identity formation. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 medical students from all five undergraduate years in one UK medical school, between April and June 2020. Three themes were generated: (1) disruption to medical education involving suspension of clinical placements, cancellation of assessments and ceremonial markers; (2) decision-making around joining the clinical workforce, decisions which were influenced by students’ sense of professional obligation, perceived personal gains, and health and safety considerations; (3) experiences of working in clinical settings during the pandemic, including reflections about managing risks and challenges, learning on the job and becoming a better doctor. The findings provide evidence that the UK’s first lockdown destabilised many medical students’ expectations tied to their educational and career trajectory, requiring them to improvise to address gaps in learning and professional development. Taking on a paid healthcare role catapulted them into a liminal period, working in a space ‘betwixt and between’ a medical student and healthcare professional. This swift readjustment of roles and responsibilities accelerated their identity formation as ‘future doctors’. Support for medical students around negotiating such dual role is important in present and future public health crises.
The interplay between competitive advantage and sustainability in the wine industry: a bibliometric and systematic review
Authors: Martínez-Falcó Javier , Sánchez-García Eduardo , Marco-Lajara Bartolomé , Georgantzis Nikolaos 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe objective of this research is to analyze the knowledge structure of the academic literature indexed in the Core Collection of the Web of Science (WoS) on gaining a competitive advantage through sustainability in the wine industry, from the first article registered in 2009 to 2023, in order to identify the latest trends in the topics under study. For this purpose, a bibliometric and systematic analysis of the literature was carried out. First, for the quantitative analysis of the scientific production, the bibliometric study was conducted, using the WoS database for data collection and the VosViewer and Bibliometrix applications to create the network maps. Second, once the bibliography had been examined quantitatively, the content analysis was performed following the PRISMA methodology. The results show, among other aspects, the uneven pace of growth of the scientific production studied since 2009, that innovation, wine tourism, carbon footprint, dynamic capabilities and climate change are among the current major topics of study, as well as the predominance of Italy, Spain, the United States and Australia in terms of scientific production in the subject matter. There are several justifications for the originality of this study, given that, first, it contributes to the understanding of the academic literature and the identification of the most recent trends in the field and, second, to the best of the authors' knowledge, there are no previous bibliometric studies that have addressed the topic analyzed.
Assessment of depression and internalized-stigma among adult asthma patients in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ahmed-Chowdhury Saquib , Ahmad Sohail , Sarker Md. Moklesur Rahman , Ismail Nahlah Elkudssiah 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objective
Suboptimal asthma control among patients is associated with psychosocial factors, including depression and stigma, hindering effective asthma management. This study aimed to assess depressive symptoms and internalized stigma among adult asthma patients while investigating their relationships with sociodemographic and asthma-related medical factors.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, 325 adult asthma patients (aged > 18 years old) were recruited from the National Asthma Centre in Dhaka, Bangladesh, using a researcher-administered questionnaire and convenience sampling. The questionnaire included sections on sociodemographic characteristics, medical data, the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) to assess depressive symptoms, and a 22-item stigma scale to assess internalized stigma. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results
The majority of participants were aged 18–40 years (54.2%), male (53.5%), from rural areas (50.8%), with a monthly family income of < US$250 (55.1%), and diagnosed with asthma for > 5 years (46.5%). The mean PHQ-9 score was 7.36 (± 6), indicating mild depressive symptoms, and the internalized stigma score was 62.2 (± 10.26), indicating moderate internalized stigma. Depression and stigma varied significantly across several factors, including age, education, ED visits, hospitalizations for asthma, number of asthma medicines, home nebulizer use, PEF rate, BMI, comorbidities, and asthma symptom control (p < 0.05). Stigma was correlated with depression and negatively correlated with age and years since asthma diagnosis (p < 0.01).

Conclusion
This study highlights associations between depressive symptoms, internalized stigma, and various sociodemographic and medical factors among asthma patients. Notably, stigma was higher among younger adults and recently diagnosed patients. Effective interventions are needed to mitigate stigma and depression in this patient population.
Generative approaches for solving tangram puzzles
Authors: Yamada Fernanda Miyuki , Batagelo Harlen Costa , Gois João Paulo , Takahashi Hiroki 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Tangram is a dissection puzzle composed of seven polygonal pieces that can form different patterns. Solving the Tangram is an irregular shape packing problem known to be NP-hard. This paper investigates the application of four deep-learning architectures—Convolutional Autoencoder, Variational Autoencoder, U-Net, and Generative Adversarial Network—specifically designed for solving Tangram puzzles. We explore the potential of these architectures in learning the complex spatial relationships inherent in Tangram configurations. Our experiments show that the Generative Adversarial Network competes well with other architectures and converges considerably faster. We further prove that traditional evaluation metrics based on pixel accuracy often fail in assessing the visual quality of the generated Tangram solutions. We introduce a loss function based on a Weighted Mean Absolute Error that prioritizes pixels representing inter-piece sections over those covered by individual pieces. Extending this loss function, we propose a novel evaluation metric as a more fitting measure for assessing Tangram solutions compared to traditional metrics. This investigation advances our understanding of the capabilities of artificial intelligence in complex geometrical problem domains.
Perspectives on interfacial thermal resistance of 2D materials: Raman characterization and underlying physics
Authors: Liu Jing , Al Keyyam Ibrahim , Xie Yangsu , Wang Xinwei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractInterfacial thermal resistance plays a crucial role in efficient heat dissipation in modern electronic devices. It is critical to understand the interfacial thermal transport from both experiments and underlying physics. This review is focused on the transient opto-thermal Raman-based techniques for measuring the interfacial thermal resistance between 2D materials and substrate. This transient idea eliminates the use of laser absorption and absolute temperature rise data, therefore provides some of the highest level measurement accuracy and physics understanding. Physical concepts and perspectives are given for the time-domain differential Raman (TD-Raman), frequency-resolved Raman (FR-Raman), energy transport state-resolved Raman (ET-Raman), frequency domain ET-Raman (FET-Raman), as well as laser flash Raman and dual-wavelength laser flash Raman techniques. The thermal nonequilibrium between optical and acoustic phonons, as well as hot carrier diffusion must be considered for extremely small domain characterization of interfacial thermal resistance. To have a better understanding of phonon transport across material interfaces, we introduce a new concept termed effective interface energy transmission velocity. It is very striking that many reported interfaces have an almost constant energy transmission velocity over a wide temperature range. This physics consideration is inspired by the thermal reffusivity theory, which is effective for analyzing structure-phonon scattering. We expect the effective interface energy transmission velocity to give an intrinsic picture of the transmission of energy carriers, unaltered by the influence of their capacity to carry heat.