bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The localization of aluminium and other elements inbone tissue of a case of renal osteodystrophy with an associated dialysis encephalopathy syndrome
Authors: McClure John , Smith P. S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBone tissue from a patient with chronic renal failure and a dialysis encephalopathy syndrome has been studied by histological and histochemical means, by flame emission spectroscopy and by electron probe X‐ray microanalysis. There was significant renal osteodystrophy manifest as an osteomalacia. Emission spectroscopy showed the presence of iron (Fe), aluminium (Al), silicon (Si), zinc (Zn), strontium (Sr), lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) in the concentration range 100–1000 parts per million (ppm). Electron probe X‐ray microanalysis showed focal concentrations of Fe and Si in the marrow tissue only, whereas Al was localized to the calcification front zones at the junction of osteoid and mineralized tissue of both trabecular and cortical bone. It is concluded that the presence of Al at these sites could interfere with the mineralization process and significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of haemodialysis‐related osteomalacia and that it is unlikely that the other elements detected are significant in this regard.
Cytoskeletal control of nuclear arrangement in Langhans multinucleate giant cells
Authors: Rigby P. J. , Papadimitriou J. M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractExamination of the role of the cytoskeleton in macrophage polykarya (multinucleate giant cells) has established that microfilaments and microtubules are interrelated and contractile cytoskeletal components with opposing actions; when critically maintained at equilibrium, they are responsible for maintenance of the highly organized cellular architecture characteristic of Langhans type syncytia. Disruption of the function of these structures by in vitro incubation with cytochalasin B and/or colchicine can result in reversion to a cytoarchitecture which is more typical of the ‘foreign body’ multinucleate giant cell. These observations strongly reinforce previous suggestions that Langhans multinucleate giant cells are special, more highly organized forms than are ‘foreign body’ multinucleate giant cells.
The histochemistry of glycosidases in human benign and malignant breast tissue
Authors: Walker Rosemary A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractHistochemical methods for the localization of four glycosidases (β‐glucuronidase, β‐N‐acetyl glucosaminidase, β‐D‐galactosidase and α‐mannosidase) have been applied to 40 cases of human normal and hyperplastic breast tissue and 100 human breast carcinomas. All tissues have been fixed in formol–calcium at 4°C and washed in gum sucrose. β‐Glucuronidase and β‐N‐acetyl glucosaminidase have consistently been detected in essentially all cells of normal and hyperplastic tissue. A similar distribution has been found for better differentiated carcinomas but the number of cells with detectable enzyme decreases in the more poorly differentiated tumour. β‐D‐Galactosidase and α‐mannosidase have only been demonstrated in very occasional cells in normal breast tissue. The incidence increases in hyperplastic tissue, and in approximately half the carcinomas many cells have detectable enzyme. The localization of β‐D‐galactosidase has not been related to tumour differentiation but the better differentiated carcinomas tend to have few cells with demonstrable α‐mannosidase. Although it has been suggested that glycosidases can have an effect on membrane function no differences have been found between those carcinomas having a few or many cells with detectable enzyme and the presence or absence of axillary lymph node metastasis. Total enzyme activity cannot be detected in fixed tissue, nor can an accurate quantitative assessment be made, but under the conditions of this study it is possible to conclude that there are differences between normal and malignant breast tissue in the localization of glycosidases.
Ultrastructural localization of anionic and cationic ferritin in the rat glomerular basement membrane in protein‐overload proteinuria
Authors: Bliss D. J. , Brewer D. B. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe penetration into the glomerular basement membrane of anionic and cationic ferritin has been studied in rats made proteinuric by intraperitoneal administration of bovine serum albumin. In comparison with control animals anionic ferritin penetrated the glomerular basement membrane to a much greater extent in proteinuric rats. Some ferritin particles were observed in small invaginations of the epithelial cell membrane adjacent to the glomerular basement membrane and incorporated in pinocytotic vesicles within the epithelial cell cytoplasm. This was not seen in control animals. Cationic ferritin distribution in the glomerular basement membrane was similar in control and proteinuric rats suggesting that the increased anionic ferritin penetration observed occurs without any reduction in fixed anionic charge.
The subcellular basis of damage to the human urinary bladder induced by irradiation
Authors: Antonakopoulos G. N. , Hicks R. M. , Berry R. J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe effects of x‐irradiation on the subcellular structure of the human urinary bladder were investigated by electron microscopic examination of biopsies taken during check cystoscopies from 25 patients between 1 month and 22 years after completion of a course of therapeutic radiation. All tissues of the bladder wall were damaged to some extent by the treatment. In the urothelium this was reflected by the development of more than the usual numbers of lysosomes and autophagic vacuoles in all cell layers. In the bladder wall, large often binucleate or multinucleate fibroblasts were prominent and persistent in all specimens and were associated with the development of progressive fibrosis. The vasculature and the muscle coats of the bladder wall were also damaged. In the blood vessels many endothelial cells were oedematous or necrotic and some intravascular coagulation was also observed. Smooth muscle cells became oedematous soon after irradiation, and after longer time intervals there was focal death and loss of individual muscle cells. The observed degeneration and extensive necrosis of the bladdet wall, which involved severe destruction and disorganization of the muscular layers, is sufficient to explain the clinical sequelae of bladder irradiation, namely loss of elasticity, reduced capacity and incomplete micturition with residual urine.
Sequential and dose‐dependent alterations in rat bronchiolar epithelium during O,O,S‐trimethyl phosphorothioate induced delayed toxicity
Authors: Gandy Jay , Fukuto T. Roy , Imamura Toshiko 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe sequential and dose‐dependent effects of O,O,S‐trimethyl phosphorothioate (OOS‐Me) on rat lung bronchiolar epithelium were investigated using scanning electron microscopy. At 12 h after oral treatment (20 mg/kg), there was a small increase in debris in the bronchioles and, by 24 h, there was much debris as well as phagocytic cells in the bronchioles. After 3 days, there was a decrease in the number of bronchiolar Clara cells as determined by the loss of their characteristic apical bulges. Concomitanty there was a significant increase in lactate dehydrogenase activity in bronchopulmonary lavage fluid. By day 7, the Clara cells appeared to be reforming and, by day 14, the morphology of bronchiolar epithelium had returned to normal. Dose‐dependent studies revealed a threshold dose level of OOS‐Me between 10 and 20 mg/kg which produced the observed effects in Clara cells. Both sequential and dose‐dependent effects of OOS‐Me on Clara cells were correlated with changes in bronchopulmonary lavage lactate dehydrogenase activity.
Diagnosis of pleural malignant mesothelioma in life—a practical approach
Authors: Whitaker Darrel , Shilkin Keith B. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis review documents a practical approach to the pathological diagnosis of pleural malignant mesothelioma based on the closed needle biopsy and effusion cytology, thus avoiding the need to resort to open surgery. Tissue diagnosis is often difficult, and the pathologist's opinion may be influenced by a consideration of three factors: the clinical setting; the adequacy and availability of specimens; and the criteria for assessment and interpretation of these. The level of confidence with which a tissue diagnosis of mesothelioma can be established using limited material depends on there being an appropriate clinical background including a history of asbestos exposure. Without this, the diagnosis should be a qualified or tentative one. For an adequate tissue sample to be obtained, the closed needle biopsy procedure is best performed by an experienced operator. All aspirated pleural effusions should be forwarded for cytological evaluation. In addition to conventional morphological studies, adequate samples permit ancillary tests to be carried out. A combined interpretive approach utilizing both histopathology and cytology is recommended in order to increase the accuracy of the diagnosis.
Hypertension, cerebral vascular changes and stroke in Ghana. 1—Microaneurysm formation and stroke
Authors: Anim J. T. , Kofi A. D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA modification of the post‐mortem arteriographic technique of Ross Russell1 was used to study the brains of 284 consecutive autopsy cases dying from non‐traumatic causes; and made up of 159 hypertensives and 125 normotensives. Microaneurysms were demonstrated in 30·8 per cent of the hypertensives compared with 9·6 per cent normotensives. Haemorrhagic stroke was the cause of death in 37·6 per cent of the hypertensives, the majority of which were in younger age groups compared with hypertensive strokes in whites. The much lower incidence of microaneurysms in the brain of black hypertensives (even those with haemorrhagic strokes) compared with that found by workers among white hypertensives further emphasized the different nature of hypertension in blacks. It is suggested that, in the absence of significant structural differences in the cerebral vasculature between blacks and whites, the high incidence of haemorrhagic strokes occurring in the relatively younger subjects in Ghana may be due to the direct effect of high blood pressures on small intracerebral vessels and that microaneurysm formation may not be as important as in the much older white subjects dying of haemorrhagic strokes.
Age related detection of tissue amyloid P in the skin
Authors: Khan A. M. , Walker F. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe presence of tissue amyloid P component in normal skin from fetuses and children was studied using direct, fluorescent, immunohistochemical techniques on frozen sections. Tissue amyloid P is not detected in fetuses or in children up to the age of 2 years but from the age of 4 years upwards it is readily detected and invariably present. Though the function of human amyloid P is unknown its role appears to be age or maturity related.
The routine histological investigation of axillary lymph nodes for metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Hartveit F. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA simple method of preparing axillary nodes from breast cancer patients for routine histology is presented. It is based on appreciation of nodal anatomy and the pathophysiology of tumour growth in them Current methods assume that the latter is a random process, but this is not so It has long been known that tumour cells enter via the afferent lymphatics. They may also exit by the efferent. It has not been generally realized that these vessels enter leave the node in the same plane of section, or that a section in this plane, a hilar section, is theoretically the one of choice for the identification of tumour cells in the node. It is shown here that use of hilar sections alone allows the identification of tumour‐free and tumour‐bearing nodes, as well as the tumour status of the efferent vessels, with considerable certainty. The use of random sections, in contrast, carries a high risk of false negative reporting.
Degradation of basement membrane collagens by metalloproteases released by human, murine and amphibian tumours
Authors: Shields S. E. , Ogilvie D. J. , McKinnell R. G. , Tarin D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn this investigation it has been found that naturally‐occurring (i.e. indigenous, not transplanted) tumours of diverse organs in a spectrum of vertebrates from frogs to man can secrete enzymes which degrade basement membrane collagens (types IV and V). The enzymes are inhibited by chelating agents (EDTA) but not by other protease antagonists and are, therefore, specific metalloproteases. Individual tumours do not necessarily secrete collagenases active against all collagen types (I, IV and V) and release of these different enzymes does not, therefore, appear to be coordinated. These biochemical findings support those reported for serially transplanted tumour cell lines and provide a plausible mechanism for the destruction of basement membranes and stromal collagen fibres observed morphologically in tumour spread.
Functional and morphologic studies of the adrenal cortex and kidney in ovine toxaemia of pregnancy
Authors: Hill Prudence A. , Coghlan J. P. , Scoggins B. A. , Ryan G. B. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFunctional and morphologic studies of the adrenal cortex and kidney have been carried out in pregnant sheep with spontaneous or dietary restriction‐induced ovine toxaemia. It was found that proteinuria was an inconstant feature and no animal showed glomerular lesions analogous to those found in human preeclampsia; thus ovine toxaemia cannot be regarded as a precise experimental model for human toxaemia of pregnancy. The elevation of blood cortisol levels and the morphologic appearance of the adrenal zona fasciculata found in such animals suggest an adrenal response comparable to that caused by adrenocorticotrophic hormone. In addition, animals with severe disease showed evidence of stimulation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system as reflected by elevated blood renin and aldosterone concentrations and raised renal juxtaglomerular indices. Ultrastructural changes in the adrenal zona glomerulosa and renal juxtaglomerular myoepithelioid cells in toxaemic animals resembled those described in non‐pregnant sodium‐depleted sheep. The finding of juxtaglomerular peripolar cell mitoses and granule exocytosis, the latter only being previously observed in sodium depleted sheep, together with the ultrastructural changes in the adrenal zona glomerulosa and juxtaglomerular myoepithelioid cells, suggest that sodium depletion may play a role in this disease.
Immunohistochemical localization of macromolecules of the basement membrane and the peritumoral stroma in human laryngeal carcinomas
Authors: Cam Y. , Caulet T. , Bellon G. , Poulin G. , Legros M. , Pytlinska M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractForty laryngeal carcinomas were studied by immunofluorescence with specific antisera against components of the basement membrane (type IV collagen and laminin) as well as antisera against connective tissue antigens (type V collagen and fibronectin). The basement membrane surrounding well‐differentiated squamous cell carcinomas showed an appearance similar to that seen beneath normal epithelium. In contrast, marked alterations of the basement membrane were constantly observed around infiltrating and poorly‐differentiated carcinomas. The staining of connective tissue components in most cases was as intense in carcinomas as in normal laryngeal mucosa. The use of antibodies to basement membrane components may help to elucidate the mechanism of invasion of connective tissues by malignant cells.
Pigmented villonodular synovitis associated with psoriatic polyarthropathy: An electron microscopic and immunocytochemical study
Authors: Archer‐Harvey Jennet M. , Henderson D. W. , Papadimitriou J. M. , Rozenbilds M. A. M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA case of pigmented villonodular synovitis in a patient with psoriatic polyarthropathy was studied by means of light microscopy, electron microscopy and immunocytochemical techniques. The lesion consisted of mononuclear phagocytes with features intermediate between type A and type B cells, two types of multinucleate giant cells, an abnormal vasculature, extravasated fibrin and erythrocytes. An unexpected feature was the presence of a mononuclear cell whose cytoplasm contained intermediate filaments and reacted strongly to antisera to cytokeratins. Such a cell type has not previously been described in this condition and its significance is unclear. The findings support the theory that the pathogenesis of PVNS involves leakage of blood through abnormal vessels resulting in the local accumulation and proliferation of mononuclear phagocytes, connective tissue cells and unidentified cytokeratin positive mononuclear cells. The aetiology of the vascular damage, however, remains unknown.
Improved chimaeric mouse model confirms that resident peritoneal macrophages are derived solely from bone marrow precursors
Authors: Murch A. R. , Grounds Miranda D. , Papadimitriou J. M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe origin of resident peritoneal macrophages was studied in radiation mouse chimaeras with and without reconstitution of the peritoneum with viable isogeneic peritoneal cells. The selection of host and donor strains were such that the isoenzymes of glucose‐6‐phosphate isomerase could be used to distinguish host from donor bone marrow derived cells. It was found that the resident peritoneal macrophages were completely replaced by bone marrow donor derived cells within 5–6 weeks. There was little difference between the results from mice which had been additionally reconstituted with peritoneal cells and those which were not.
The cumulative scanning electron microscopic changes in baby mouse lungs following prenatal and postnatal exposures to nicotine
Authors: Wang Nai‐San , Chen Moy‐Fong , Schraufnagel Dean E. , Yao Yu‐Tung 
Published: June 2005

AbstractHalf of the offspring from nicotine exposed and control mother mice were cross‐fostered at birth to form four groups of those exposed to nicotine only during the gestational period (NC), only during the lactational period (CN), throughout both periods (NN), or exposed to none (CC). Nodular mucosal bulges (neuroepithelial bodies, NEB) were found in all groups; their number decreased with the increase in the age in the control group (CC). The bulges were large and irregular in all nicotine exposed groups, especially in the NN group. Although they also decreased in number with age, NEB were significantly retained and abnormal in the NN group compared with the NC and CC groups on day 30 (p < 0.01). In addition, the bronchioles were tortuous in the nicotine exposed groups probably due to the expansion of mucosal depressions, pits, and fenestrations. In mice, maternal exposures to a small dosage of nicotine throughout both gestational and lactating periods appear to induce more baby lung changes than when the exposure to nicotine is limited to either period alone. More importantly, nicotine induced baby lung changes observed on day 5 appear to regress by day 30, if the exposure to nicotine is discontinued at birth.
The binding of peroxidase‐labelled lectins to human breast epithelium. II—the reactivity of breast carcinomas to wheat germ agglutinin
Authors: Walker Rosemary A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe binding of peroxidase‐labelled wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) to a series of 125 human breast carcinomas has been studied. Routine fixation and processing has been shown to have no deleterious effect on reactivity. In contrast to the homogeneous binding of WGA to normal and hyperplastic human breast previously reported, the binding of WGA to breast carcinomas exhibits heterogeneity. This is of two forms: (1) in relation to cell reactivity, which is significantly correlated to tumour differentiation, with fewer cells reacting in those carcinomas showing loss of histological differentiation; (2) with regard to the interaction between WGA and specific saccharides of cellular glycan‐components, binding to sialic acid appearing to be of significance to varying degrees in some carcinomas but not in others nor, as previously reported, in normal breast. The alteration in WGA–saccharide interaction is an indicator of the heterogeneity of the carbohydrate chains of glycoproteins within neoplastic cells of the same tumour and between carcinomas. The other finding of note has been that of the significant association between heterogeneity of cellular reactivity to WGA and the presence of axillary lymph node metastasis, but a lack of correlation between virtual absence of reactivity and nodal metastasis.
Unexpected inorganic elements in oral lesions: Results of X‐ray energy spectroscopy (XES) on particulate matter in paraffin sections
Authors: Levison David A. , Crocker Peter R. , Lee Garry , Shepherd Neil A. , Smith Adrian P. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractX‐ray energy spectroscopy (XES) of all particulate matter found by light microscopy in histological sections of 222 oral lesions revealed a much wider range of elements than expected from dental amalgam. Subsequent XES of a variety of endodontic materials, impression materials and toothpastes indicated possible sources for virtually all elements identified in the histopathological lesions. The range of materials identified is tabulated; histopathological lesions and probable source substances are correlated; light microscopic pointers to the elemental nature of particulate matter in sections are indicated—titanium and bismuth have characteristic appearances; possible implications of local implantation and large scale ingestion of such substances are discussed.
Histomorphometric analysis of sclerotic bone from idiopathic myeloid metaplasia (nine cases)
Authors: Coindre J. M. , Reiffers J. , Goussot J. F. , de Mascarel A. , Broustet A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe osteosclerosis of idiopathic myeloid metaplasia was investigated by a histodynamic study of undecalcified bone from nine patients. In all cases osteosclerosis resulted from woven bone formation. In moderate osteosclerosis only intrabecular woven bone was observed, with osteoclastic hyperresorption, hyperosteoidosis with many osteoblasts, and an increased calcification rate. This may represent an early stage of the disease, osteosclerosis resulting from increased bone remodelling, with woven bone formation by osteoblasts. However, in extensive osteosclerosis both intratrabecular and medullary woven bone was observed, with moderate osteoclastic hyperresorption, hyperosteoidosis without osteoblasts and a very low calcification rate. The latter pattern could correspond to an advanced stage, and could result from stromal bone formation without osteoblasts. The classical histodynamic profile of osteomalacia was sometimes observed. The link between bone pain and possible osteomalacia remains vague.
Endocrine cells in intestinal metaplasia of the stomach
Authors: Mingazzini P. , Carlei F. , Malchiodi‐Albedi F. , Lezoche E. , Covotta A. , Speranza V. , Polak J. M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn this study we have investigated the mucin profile and the endocrine cell population in gastric endoscopic biopsies from 22 patients affected by chronic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia and in five surgical specimens of stomachs removed because of intestinal‐type carcinoma (4) or peptic ulcer (1). High iron diamine‐Alcian blue (HID‐Ab) staining and peptide immunocytochemistry (peroxidase anti‐peroxidase technique) were used. Forty‐one foci of intestinal metaplasia were detected, 15 produced sulphomucins and 26 sialomucins. Of the endocrine cells investigated, gastrin and somatostatin cells were the most frequently observed, while cholecystokinin, glucose‐dependent insulinotropic peptide‐, secretin‐ and enteroglucagon‐containing cells were also found in the metaplastic areas, but less frequently. No significant correlation was found between the type of mucin and the types of endocrine cells present, the latter usually resembling those normally found in the small intestine. On the basis of these results we conclude that intestinal metaplasia involves mucin‐ and peptide‐producing cells of the stomach in a variable manner, with no correlation between the two.