bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Excessive variation in risk‐factor correlations and volatilities
Authors: Bali Turan G. , Genberg Hans , Neftci Salih N. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis article explores the time‐series behavior of correlations of returns, volatilities of returns,
volatilities of volatilities, and correlations of volatilities in domestic and international financial markets
such as equity (indices), interest rates (bonds), and currency (exchange rates)
using a Kalman filter approach to estimate the aforementioned parameters. The main findings include the
following. First, the correlations of risk factors are highly unstable over time, both in terms of sign and
absolute value. Second, the time variation of risk‐factor volatilities is stochastically nonlinear. Long
periods of deterministic volatilities are interrupted by sudden bursts of highly volatile periods. Third, daily
volatilities of risk‐factor volatilities fluctuate over time within a narrower band. Fourth, the
correlations between volatilities are generally positive and relatively stable over time. These results have
implications for financial risk management, dynamic asset allocation, and valuation of derivative securities.
© 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 22:1119–1146, 2002
Staging criteria for embryos of the spiny softshell turtle,Apalone spinifera(testudines: Trionychidae)
Authors: Greenbaum Eli , Carr John L. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPrevious work describing the embryonic stages of turtle development has not included members of the highly derived trionychid turtles. Staging criteria are described for the spiny softshell turtle (Apalone spinifera) to facilitate comparisons between phylogenetically distant taxa of turtles. Embryonic development inA. spiniferais placed in the context of the widely used sequence of Yntema stages. Novel features are included in the descriptions of staging criteria for Stages 13–26. Comparisons of the development of specific features are made betweenA. spiniferaand other taxa of turtles. Data on the duration of developmental stages at different temperatures and embryo dimensions support the conclusion that morphology‐based staging criteria are superior to developmental rate temperature coefficients. J. Morphol. 254:272–291, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cloning and tissue distribution of two Na+/H+ exchangers from the Malpighian tubules of Aedes aegypti
Authors: Hart S.J. , Knezetic J.A. , Petzel D.H. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) on the apical membrane of mosquito Malpighian tubule (MT) cells is believed to participate in the blood‐feeding mosquito’s vital secretion of Na+ and fluid. This study presents the molecular cloning, primary structure, and tissue distribution of two cDNAs encoding Aedes aegypti mosquito MT NHEs. The cDNA sequences were obtained from mosquito MT total RNA using reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and 5′ and 3′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The two sequences encode proteins of 678 and 1,179 amino acids with calculated molecular weights of 74,473 and 130,276, respectively. When comparing the 678 amino acid protein to the first 678 amino acids of the other protein, the two clones show 98% identity to each other. They also exhibit high identity to Drosophila melanogaster NHEs. Hydropathy analysis reveals that while both clones have 10–13 transmembrane segments, the 1,179 amino acid protein has an extensive carboxy terminus while the 678 amino acid protein has an extremely short carboxy terminus. RT‐PCR analysis shows that both clones are expressed in the mosquito Malpighian tubules at the larval and pupal stages, in addition to the adult stage before and after blood‐feeding. Expression of both clones was also detected in adult mosquito ovaries, midguts, and hindguts. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 51:121–135, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The in situ up‐regulation of chondrocyte interleukin‐1–converting enzyme and interleukin‐18 levels in experimental osteoarthritis is mediated by nitric oxide
Authors: Boileau Christelle , Martel‐Pelletier Johanne , Moldovan Florina , Jouzeau Jean‐Yves , Netter Patrick , Manning Pamela T. , Pelletier Jean‐Pierre 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate in situ the relationship between 2 key mediators implicated in osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage: nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin‐1–converting enzyme (ICE). Interleukin‐18 (IL‐18) was also studied and served as reference for the effects of ICE.MethodsAn OA model was created in dogs by sectioning (stab wound) the anterior cruciate ligament of the right stifle joint. Three experimental groups were studied: unoperated untreated dogs, operated untreated dogs (OA), and OA dogs treated with oral N‐iminoethyl‐L‐lysine (L‐NIL), a specific inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (10 mg/kg twice a day starting immediately after surgery). At 12 weeks after surgery, cartilage from the femoral condyles and tibial plateaus were processed for immunohistochemistry for ICE, IL‐18, and protease inhibitor 9 (PI‐9), a natural inhibitor of ICE, followed by morphometric analysis. Cartilage specimens from the femoral condyles of untreated OA dogs were dissected and incubated with specific inhibitors of different signaling pathways likely to be involved in the OA process: SB 202190 (10 μM; a p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase [MAPK] inhibitor), PD 98059 (100 μM; a MAPK kinase 1/2 [MEK‐1/2] inhibitor), NS‐398 (10 ng/ml; a specific cyclooxygenase 2 [COX‐2] inhibitor), and L‐NIL (50 μM).ResultsBoth ICE and IL‐18 were present in situ in the canine cartilage, with a significant increase in the level of these 2 proteins in OA cartilage. In contrast, the level of PI‐9 was lower in OA than in normal cartilage (difference not statistically significant). Compared with untreated OA cartilage, oral treatment with L‐NIL significantly decreased ICE and IL‐18 levels in cartilage from the femoral condyles and tibial plateaus, to values similar to those in normal dogs. L‐NIL also increased the PI‐9 level in normal dogs compared with OA dogs, reaching statistical significance for femoral condyle cartilage. Interestingly, in vitro experiments demonstrated significant inhibition of ICE levels by p38, MEK‐1/2, and COX‐2 inhibitors, but not by the iNOS inhibitor.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that in situ in OA cartilage, the stimulation of chondrocytes by NO is at least partly responsible for the up‐regulation of ICE and IL‐18 synthesis while decreasing the level of the ICE inhibitor PI‐9. The ICE level is controlled by the activation of at least 2 MAPK pathways, p38 and MEK‐1/2. Interestingly, it appears that ICE synthesis is not regulated by the endogenous production of NO. These data highlight the role played by iNOS in regulating the synthesis of major catabolic factors involved in OA cartilage degradation.
Identification of an immunodominant epitope on RNA polymerase III recognized by systemic sclerosis sera: Application to enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay
Authors: Kuwana Masataka , Kimura Kyoko , Kawakami Yutaka 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize an immunodominant epitope on RNA polymerase III (RNAP III) recognized by systemic sclerosis (SSc) sera and to develop an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of serum anti–RNAP I/III antibodies.MethodsRNAP III–specific subunits RPC62 and RPC155 were generated in a bacterial expression system as a series of recombinant fragments. Reactivities to these recombinant fragments were examined by immunoblots and/or ELISA in 16 SSc sera containing anti–RNAP I/III antibodies, 89 SSc sera lacking anti–RNAP I/III antibodies, 61 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) sera, and 61 healthy control sera.ResultsAnti–RNAP I/III–positive SSc sera recognized several distinct epitopes on RPC62 and RPC155 in various combinations, but the fragment encoding amino acids at positions 732–1166 of RPC155 was recognized by all 11 anti–RNAP I/III–positive SSc sera tested. Carboxyl‐ and amino‐terminal deletion studies showed that at least 130 amino acids at positions 891–1020 of RPC155 were necessary for the antibody binding, but strong reactivity required an additional amino‐terminal extension. When a purified recombinant fragment containing the immunodominant epitope was used as the antigen source in an ELISA, elevated antibody reactivity was detected in all 16 anti–RNAP I/III–positive SSc sera, but in no anti–RNAP I/III–negative SSc, SLE, or healthy control sera, representing a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 100%.ConclusionA major epitope commonly recognized by SSc sera containing anti–RNAP I/III antibodies was identified on RPC155. The ELISA using a recombinant fragment expressing the immunodominant epitope should be a valuable tool for routine screening for anti–RNAP I/III antibodies in clinical diagnostic laboratories.
Familial correlates of extreme weight control behaviors among adolescents
Authors: Fonseca Helena , Ireland Marjorie , Resnick Michael D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo identify familial factors associated with extreme weight control among adolescents.MethodAnalysis of a comprehensive 1996 health survey of Connecticut students. Familial factors among extreme dieters who deliberately vomited, took diet pills, laxatives, or diuretics were compared with youth reporting none of these behaviors, using logistic regression controlling for age and body mass index.ResultsNearly 7% of adolescents reported engaging in extreme weight control behaviors. Boys' risk factors included high parental supervision/monitoring and sexual abuse history. Protective factors included high parental expectations, maternal presence, and connectedness with friends and other adults. The only significant risk factor for girls was sexual abuse history. Protective factors included family connectedness, positive family communication, parental supervision/monitoring, and maternal presence.ConclusionsExtreme dieting appears to be less an expression of body composition than of psychosocial issues. That connectedness to family, other adults, and friends is protective further demonstrates interrelationships of extreme weight control behaviors with family/social issues. © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 32: 441–448, 2002.
Temperament and character profile of eating disorders: A controlled study with the Temperament and Character Inventory
Authors: Fassino Secondo , Abbate‐Daga Giovanni , Amianto Federico , Leombruni Paolo , Boggio Sonia , Rovera Gian Giacomo 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveThe question whether anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) are different disorders or the extremes of a psychopathologic spectrum still has no definite answer. A way to face this problem is to examine the personality traits underlying these disorders.MethodThe Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) was administered to 141 anorectics (70 Restrictor and 71 Binge‐purging), to 102 bulimics, and to 100 controls. The Temperament and Character Inventory main scales are Novelty Seeking, Harm Avoidance, Reward Dependence, Persistence, Self‐Directedness, Cooperativeness, and Self‐Transcendence.ResultsThe personality profiles that emerged are characterized by low Novelty Seeking, high Harm Avoidance, high Persistence, and low Self‐Directedness in AN, and by high Novelty Seeking, high Harm Avoidance, and low Self‐Directedness in BN. Binge‐purging anorectics showed a personality profile midway between anorectics and bulimics.DiscussionThe dimensional study of personality through the TCI and its facets seems effective in discriminating the personality traits underlying the different subtypes of Eating Disorders. The hypothesis of an Eating Disorders spectrum and its clinical implications are discussed. © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 32: 412–425, 2002.
Insulin stimulates spreading of skeletal muscle cells involving the activation of focal adhesion kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase and extracellular signal regulated kinases
Authors: Goel Hira Lal , Dey Chinmoy Sankar 
Published: October 2002

AbstractInsulin plays an important role in muscle cell survival and proliferation. However, there is no report showing the role of insulin in spreading of muscle cells. In the present report, we showed that insulin enhances muscle cell spreading concomitant with enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and paxillin. Moreover, insulin can stimulate the cell spreading even in presence of integrin α5 blockers although to a lesser extent as compared to control. Cell adhesion was not dependent on insulin and serum, and decreased in presence of integrin blockers. We found direct association of FAK with affinity purified insulin receptors using in vitro kinase assay. The increase in FAK tyrosine phosphorylation was associated with increase in its kinase activity and further supported by increased phosphotyrosine accumulation on focal adhesions and increased membrane localization of FAK after stimulation by insulin. Moreover, insulin‐mediated muscle cell spreading was dependent upon phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI 3‐kinase) activity. PI 3‐kinase activity was found to be associated with FAK and the FAK associated PI 3‐kinase activity enhanced when cells were plated in presence of insulin. We also observed activation of MAP kinases, i.e., ERK‐1/‐2 during insulin mediated muscle cell spreading. In conclusion, FAK, PI 3‐kinase, and MAP kinase are important components of pathway(s) that regulate insulin stimulated muscle cell spreading. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electrical properties of chemoreceptor elements in the carotid body
Authors: Hayashida Y. , Hirakawa H. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe electrical properties of chemoreceptor afferent nerve fibers and glomus cells and the behavior of cytosolic Ca2+ in glomus cells are reviewed. While this has not been confirmed, spontaneously depolarizing potentials (SDPs) recorded in a chemoreceptor afferent terminal may be the postsynaptic expression of presynaptic events. Glomus cells, which are presynaptic elements, either depolarized or hyperpolarized in response to natural and chemical stimulation. After‐hyperpolarization following an initial depolarization and after‐depolarization following an initial hyperpolarization were often seen. When a glomus cell depolarizes, voltage noise increases despite a decrease in input resistance in both intact and denervated carotid bodies. The voltage noise may be “receptor noise” generated in the glomus cell itself. The electrical properties of glomus cells change in the denervated carotid body, which suggests that the chemoreceptor afferent nerve exerts some trophic effect(s) on glomus cells. Hypoxia either increases or decreases cytosolic Ca2+, while ACh or NaCN induces either an increase or no change in cytosolic Ca2+ in glomus cells. There are at least two possible explanations for voltage changes in glomus cells: a chemical stimulus first depolarizes the glomus cell and induces Ca2+ influx to release chemical substances, or a chemical stimulus induces an increase in [Ca2+]i and then hyperpolarizes the glomus cell via potassium influx. Microsc. Res. Tech. 59:243–248, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical and Serologic Phenotyping and Damage Indices in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus With and Without Fibromyalgia
Authors: Corbitt Kelly , Carlucci Philip M. , Cohen Brooke , Masson Mala , Saxena Amit , Belmont H. Michael , Tseng Chung‐E , Barbour Kamil E. , Gold Heather , Buyon Jill , Izmirly Peter 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveGiven fibromyalgia (FM) frequently co‐occurs with autoimmune disease, this study was initiated to objectively evaluate FM in a multiracial/ethnic cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsPatients with SLE were screened for FM using the 2016 FM classification criteria during an in‐person rheumatologist visit. We evaluated hybrid Safety of Estrogens in Lupus National Assessment (SELENA)‐SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) scores, SLE classification criteria, and Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics damage index. We compared patients with and without FM and if differences were present, compared patients with FM with patients with non‐FM related chronic pain.Results316 patients with SLE completed the FM questionnaire. 55 (17.4%) met criteria for FM. The racial composition of patients with FM differed from those without FM (P = 0.023), driven by fewer Asian patients having FM. There was no difference in SLE disease duration, SELENA‐SLEDAI score, or active serologies. There was more active arthritis in the FM group (16.4%) versus the non‐FM group (1.9%) (P < 0.001). The Widespread Pain Index and Symptom Severity Score did not correlate with degree of SLE activity (r = −0.016; 0.107) among patients with FM or non‐FM chronic pain (r = 0.009; −0.024). Regarding criteria, patients with FM had less nephritis and more malar rash. Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics damage index did not differ between groups.ConclusionExcept for arthritis, patients with SLE with FM are not otherwise clinically or serologically distinguishable from those without FM, and Widespread Pain Index and Symptom Severity Score indices do not correlate with SLEDAI. These observations support the importance of further understanding the underlying biology of FM in SLE.
Bistable Interface: Reversible Switching of Rectifying to Nonrectifying Current Across Heterostructured Thin Films of MOFs
Authors: Sindhu Pooja , Saha Sauvik , Bhoi Umashis , Ballav Nirmalya 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA diverse range of physicochemical properties offered by metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) is highly engaging in thin film configurations, specifically for device applications. Heterostructured thin films of MOFs allow to utilize the unique interfaces that develop within such configurations. Typically, interface is monostable and electrical transport across heterostructured MOF thin films has so far been realized to be either Ohmic or rectifying (p‐n junction) type. This work reports the emergence of a bistable interface in a heterostructured thin film of Mott‐like electrically insulating MOFs whereby rectifying to nonrectifying current can be reversibly switched by applying thermal energy. The inherent resistive switching behavior of both the individual MOF layers at different temperatures coupled with charge‐transfer apparently makes the interface complex.
In Situ Structure Modulation of Cathode‐Electrolyte Interphase for High‐Performance Potassium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Li Fengchun , Gu Xin , Cui Akang , Li Yang , Dong Sijin , Wu Shuang , Cheng Zhenjie , Yao Qian , Yang Jian , Wu Mingbo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractManganese‐based layered oxide cathodes, particularly KxMnO2 (KMO), have shown great potential in potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) due to their low cost, high theoretical capacities, and excellent thermal stability. However, Jahn‐Teller distortion, manganese dissolution, and interface instability of electrode/electrolyte lead to structural instability and performance decay. Here, lithium difluoro(oxalate) borate (LiDFOB) is introduced as an electrolyte additive to improve the electrochemical performance of P3‐type KMO. LiDFOB creates a uniform, thin, and robust cathode‐electrolyte interphase layer on the cathode surface, enhancing reaction kinetics, preventing manganese dissolution, and stabilizing the structure. The P3‐KMO cathode with LiDFOB in the basic electrolyte exhibits significantly improved electrochemical performance, such as a remarkable Coulombic efficiency of ≈99.5% and high capacity retention of 78.6% after 300 cycles at 100 mA g−1. Moreover, the full cell of P3‐KMO||soft carbon demonstrates satisfactory specific capacity and energy density. This study emphasizes the importance of interface chemistry for PIBs.
3D Printed Electronic Skin for Strain, Pressure and Temperature Sensing
Authors: Roy Shounak , Deo Kaivalya A. , Lee Hung Pang , Soukar John , Namkoong Myeong , Tian Limei , Jaiswal Amit , Gaharwar Akhilesh K. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractElectronic skin (E‐skin) that can mimic the flexibility and stretchability of human skin with sensing capabilities, holds transformative potential in robotics, wearable technology, and healthcare. However, developing E‐skin poses significant challenges such as creating durable materials with skin‐like flexibility, integrating biosensing abilities, and using advanced fabrication techniques for wearable or implantable applications. To overcome these hurdles, a 3D‐printed electronic skin utilizing a novel class of nanoengineered hydrogels with tunable electronic and thermal biosensing capabilities is fabricated. This methodology takes advantage of the shear–thinning behavior in hydrogel precursors, allowing to construct intricate 2D and 3D electronic structures. The elasticity of skin using triple crosslinking in a robust fungal exopolysaccharide, and pullulan is simulated, while defect‐rich 2D molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanoassemblies ensure high electrical conductivity. The addition of polydopamine nanoparticles enhances adhesion to wet tissue. The hydrogel exhibits outstanding flexibility, stretchability, adhesion, moldability, and electrical conductivity. A distinctive feature of this technology is the precise detection of dynamic changes in strain, pressure, and temperature. As a human motion tracker, phonatory‐recognition platform, flexible touchpad, and thermometer, this technology represents a breakthrough in flexible wearable skins and holds transformative potential for the future of robotics and human‐machine interfaces.
The Case for a Defect Genome Initiative
Authors: Yan Qimin , Kar Swastik , Chowdhury Sugata , Bansil Arun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe Materials Genome Initiative (MGI) has streamlined the materials discovery effort by leveraging generic traits of materials, with focus largely on perfect solids. Defects such as impurities and perturbations, however, drive many attractive functional properties of materials. The rich tapestry of charge, spin, and bonding states hosted by defects are not accessible to elements and perfect crystals, and defects can thus be viewed as another class of “elements” that lie beyond the periodic table. Accordingly, a Defect Genome Initiative (DGI) to accelerate functional defect discovery for energy, quantum information, and other applications is proposed. First, major advances made under the MGI are highlighted, followed by a delineation of pathways for accelerating the discovery and design of functional defects under the DGI. Near‐term goals for the DGI are suggested. The construction of open defect platforms and design of data‐driven functional defects, along with approaches for fabrication and characterization of defects, are discussed. The associated challenges and opportunities are considered and recent advances towards controlled introduction of functional defects at the atomic scale are reviewed. It is hoped this perspective will spur a community‐wide interest in undertaking a DGI effort in recognition of the importance of defects in enabling unique functionalities in materials.