bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A tunable balanced phase shifter with wide operating bandwidth
Authors: Zhang Wei , Wang Binghe , Wang Bin , Shi Jin , Xu Kai 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA wideband tunable balanced phase shifter is achieved by utilizing varactor-loaded coupled lines (VLCLs)-embedded multistage branch-line structure. The tunable phase shift with low in-band phase deviation is attributed to the regulation in phase shift of the VLCLs and the horizontal microstrip lines in series. The wideband differential-mode (DM) impedance matching and common-mode (CM) suppression are due to multiple DM transmission poles and CM transmission zeros, which are brought about by the cascade of VLCLs and a microstrip line with short-circuited stubs in the DM-equivalent circuit and open-circuited stubs in the CM-equivalent circuit, respectively. Compared with the state-of-the-art tunable balanced phase shifters, the proposed design not only has the advantages of wide operating bandwidth (BW) with low in-band phase deviation but also has low insertion loss and easily fabricated structure. Theoretical analysis and design procedure were conducted, resulting in a prototype covering the frequency of 1.8 GHz. This prototype offers a tunable phase shift capability ranging from 0° to 90°. The prototype exhibits an operating BW of 45%, with a maximum phase deviation of ±6°. It also achieves a 10 dB DM return loss and CM suppression, while maintaining a maximum insertion loss of 2.5 dB.
Tracking Eruption Column Thermal Evolution and Source Unsteadiness in Ground‐Based Thermal Imagery Using Spectral‐Clustering
Authors: Rowell C. R. , Jellinek A. M. , Gilchrist J. T. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractVolcanic eruption columns typically have unsteady source conditions, where mass and heat fluxes from the vent evolve or fluctuate on time scales from seconds to hours. However, integral plume models routinely assume source conditions that are statistically stationary, and the degree to which source unsteadiness influences the mechanics of column rise and air entrainment has not been established with quantitative predictions. We address this knowledge gap by examining eruptions with varying unsteady character at Sabancaya Volcano, Peru. Using a novel tracking algorithm based on spectral clustering, we track the spatiotemporal evolution of coherent turbulent structures in columns using ground‐based, thermal infrared imagery. For turbulent structures tracked in time and space, we calculate the power law decay exponent of excess temperature with height. In general, the starting pulses of transient events are characterized by power law exponents matching theoretical predictions for an instantaneous point release of buoyancy (i.e., a thermal), which evolve with sustained emissions to values consistent with steady plumes. Our results support previous findings from field evidence and laboratory experiments that entrainment and gravitational stability in unsteady volcanic columns are inadequately captured by time‐averaging or constant entrainment coefficients. We propose a quantitative definition for column source unsteadiness which captures the timing and magnitude of source fluctuations on time scales that influence entrainment mechanics, and which provisionally predicts our observed differences in power law behavior. We argue for systematic experimental and numerical studies of the relationship between source unsteadiness and entrainment to implement unsteady entrainment parameterizations for integral plume models.
On the Role of Mild Substorms and Enhanced Hall Conductivity in the Plasma Irregularities Onset and Zonal Drift Reversals: Experimental Evidence at Distinct Longitudes Over South America
Authors: Sousasantos J. , Rodrigues F. S. , Fejer B. G. , Abdu M. A. , Massoud A. A. , Valladares C. E. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe 14‐panel Advanced Modular Incoherent Scatter Radar (AMISR‐14) system deployed at Jicamarca observed equatorial spread F plumes on two consecutive nights under unfavorable seasonal and solar flux conditions during a period that can be categorized as geomagnetically quiet. The AMISR‐14 capability of observing in multiple pointing directions allowed the characterization of the irregularity zonal drifts revealing that, in addition to their atypical occurrence, the zonal drifts of these plumes/irregularities also presented distinct patterns from one night to another, reversing from east to west on the second night. This work addresses two main subjects: (a) the mechanisms that may have led to the generation of these irregularities, despite the unfavorable conditions, and (b) the mechanisms that possibly led to the reversal (east‐to‐west) in the zonal plasma drift on the second night. To do so a multi‐instrumented and multi‐location investigation was performed. The results indicate the occurrence of simultaneous spread‐F events over the Peruvian and the Brazilian regions, evidencing a non‐local process favoring the development of the irregularities. The results also suggest that, even under very mild geomagnetic perturbation conditions, the recurring penetration of electric fields in the equatorial ionosphere can occur promptly, modifying the equatorial electrodynamics and providing favorable conditions for the plume development. Moreover, the results confirm that the eastward penetration electric fields, combined with the upsurge of Hall conductivity in the nighttime typically associated with the presence of sporadic‐E layers, are likely to be the mechanism leading to the reversal in the irregularity zonal drifts over these regions.
Volcanic Diffuse Volatile Emissions Tracked by Plant Responses Detectable From Space
Authors: Bogue Robert R. , Douglas Peter M. J. , Fisher Joshua B. , Stix John 
Published: November 2023

AbstractVolcanic volatile emissions provide information about volcanic unrest but are difficult to detect with satellites. Volcanic degassing affects plants by elevating local CO2 and H2O concentrations, which may increase photosynthesis. Satellites can detect plant health, or a reaction to photosynthesis, through a Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). This can act as a potential proxy for detecting changes in volcanic volatile emissions from space. We tested this method by analyzing 185 Landsat 5 and 8 images of the Tern Lake thermal area (TLTA) in northeast Yellowstone caldera from 1984 to 2022. We compared the NDVI values of the thermal area with those of similar nearby forests that were unaffected by hydrothermal activity to determine how hydrothermal activity impacted the vegetation. From 1984 to 2000, plant health in the TLTA steadily increased relative to the background forests, suggesting that vegetation in the TLTA was fertilized by volcanic CO2 and/or magmatic water. Hydrothermal activity began to stress plants in 2002, and by 2006, large swathes of trees were dying in the hydrothermal area. Throughout most of the 1990s, the least healthy plants were located in the area which became the epicenter of hydrothermal activity in 2000. These findings suggest that plant‐focused measurements are sensitive to minor levels of volcanic unrest which may not be detected by other remote sensing methods, such as infrared temperature measurements. This method could be a safe and effective new tool for detecting changes in volatile emissions in volcanic environments which are dangerous or difficult to access.
Age and Geochemistry of High Arctic Large Igneous Province Tholeiitic Magmatism in NW Axel Heiberg Island, Canada
Authors: Deegan F. M. , Pease V. , Nobre Silva I. G. , Bédard J. H. , Morris G. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Cretaceous High Arctic Large Igneous Province (HALIP) in Canada involved extrusion of continental flood basalts (CFBs) at 130–120 Ma and 100‐95 Ma and emplacement of an extensive sill and dike network that intersected the Carboniferous to Paleogene Sverdrup Basin. In this paper, we present new 40Ar/39Ar ages, major and trace elements, and Sr‐Nd‐Pb isotope ratios for HALIP lava, dikes, and sills from Bukken Fiord, NW Axel Heiberg Island, Canadian Arctic Islands. Our best constrained 40Ar/39Ar ages yield a weighted average of 124.1 ± 1 (2σ) Ma, coincident with the first pulse of tholeiitic CFB magmatism in the Arctic‐wide HALIP as exemplified by Isachsen Formation flood basalts on Axel Heiberg Island. The Bukken Fiord samples are plagioclase and clinopyroxene‐phyric tholeiitic basalts, are relatively evolved (3.2–6.5 wt% MgO), and share similar major and trace element compositions to typical HALIP tholeiites. Initial 143Nd/144Nd ranges from 0.51260 to 0.51291 and initial 87Sr/86Sr ranges from 0.70362 to 0.70776, while measured 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, and 208Pb/204Pb range from 18.614 to 19.199, 15.534 to 15.630, and 38.404 to 39.054, respectively. The most primitive sample in this study has Sr‐Nd‐Pb isotope signatures that suggest an enriched plume‐derived mantle source for HALIP tholeiites. Most samples, however, possess relatively radiogenic isotope signatures that can be explained by moderate degrees of assimilation of Sverdrup Basin sedimentary rocks. Magma‐crust interaction in the HALIP plumbing system was likely widespread and may have increased the environmental impact of the HALIP, particularly if crustal carbon was volatilized.
A Pan‐Arctic Algorithm to Estimate Dissolved Organic Carbon Concentrations From Colored Dissolved Organic Matter Spectral Absorption
Authors: Gonçalves‐Araujo Rafael , Granskog Mats A. , Osburn Christopher L. , Kowalczuk Piotr , Stedmon Colin A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSampling for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the Arctic is challenging given the limited access and because it is not yet possible to measure with instruments deployed in situ. Compared to DOC, colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) absorption spectroscopy is an easy‐to‐measure, relatively quick and cost‐effective approach which is often closely related to DOC concentrations in water samples. Here we present an algorithm based on quantitative and qualitative metrics of CDOM to provide DOC estimates derived from a Pan‐Arctic data set (n = 3,302) spanning rivers to deep ocean, with DOC ranging between 31 and 1,958 μM. The algorithm provided robust DOC estimates (r2 = 0.94; p < 0.0001) and could reproduce DOC profiles and mixing plots across different locations in the Arctic Ocean. Besides its simplicity, this method is capable of capturing the extremely broad range of DOC within the strong gradients observed between Arctic riverine and marine systems.
Alpine Ductile Deformation of the Upper Iberian Collided Margin (Eaux‐Chaudes Massif, West‐Central Pyrenean Hinterland, France)
Authors: Caldera Norbert , Teixell Antonio , Griera Albert , Labaume Pierre , Guardia Marc 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Eaux‐Chaudes massif provides keys to unravel the deep‐seated deformation of the Iberian rifted margin during the Alpine orogeny in the Pyrenees. The massif conforms to an inlier of upper Cretaceous carbonate rocks within the Paleozoic basement of the western Axial Zone, originally deposited in the upper margin shelf before the Cenozoic collision. New geological mapping and cross‐section construction lead to the description of the lateral structural variation from a km‐scale fold nappe in the west to a ductile, imbricate fold‐thrust fan in the east. The transition from a Variscan pluton to Devonian metasediments underlying the autochthonous Cretaceous induced this structural change. Recumbent folding, which involved upper Paleozoic rocks, was facilitated by a lower detachment in Silurian slates and an upper detachment in an overlying Keuper shale and evaporite thrust sheet. Remnants of this allochthonous sheet form shale and ophite bodies pinched within the upper Cretaceous carbonates, conforming unusual tertiary welds. Ductile shear in the overturned limb of the Eaux‐Chaudes fold nappe imparted strong mylonitic foliation in carbonate rocks, often accompanied by N‐S stretching lineation and top‐to‐the‐south kinematic indicators. The burial of the massif by basement‐involved thrust sheets and the Keuper sheet, along with their Mesozoic‐Cenozoic cover, account for ductile deformation conditions and a structural style not reported hitherto for the Alpine Pyrenees. A hypothesis for the tectonic restoration of this part of the Pyrenean hinterland is finally proposed.
The impact of leucine supplementation on body composition and glucose tolerance following energy restriction: an 8-week RCT in adults at risk of the metabolic syndrome
Authors: Pathak Kaveri , Zhao Yun , Calton Emily K. , James Anthony P. , Newsholme Philip , Sherriff Jill , Soares Mario J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
L-Leucine (Leu) supplementation may benefit fat-free mass (FFM) per se and glucose metabolism.

Objectives
To determine whether Leu supplementation during energy restriction blunted the loss of FFM, enhanced the loss of fat mass (FM) and improved glucose tolerance.

Design
Thirty-seven adults, aged 20–65 years, with increased waist circumference and at least one other metabolic syndrome (MetS) component, were selected. We employed a two-arm parallel, double blind, randomized control trial (RCT) design. Participants were randomly assigned to an intervention group (leucine – 3 g/d) or placebo (lactose - 2.67 g/d), while following an individualised energy restricted diet for an 8-week period. Detailed body composition (DEXA), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), insulin and components of MetS were measured before and after the trial. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) assessed the effect of Leu on an intention-to-treat (ITT) principle. Bootstrapping method with 1000 bootstrap samples was used to derive parameter estimates, standard errors, p-values, and 95% confidence intervals for all outcomes.

Results
Adjusted for baseline values and other covariates, FFM (p = 0.045) and lean tissue mass (LTM) (p = 0.050) were significantly higher following Leu. These outcomes were modified by a significant treatment x sex interaction that indicated Leu had the greater effect in men. However, on adjustment for body composition changes, there was no difference in insulin sensitivity, oral glucose tolerance, or change in MetS components following Leu.

Conclusion
Short-term leucine supplementation during energy restriction resulted in a greater preservation of FFM and LTM particularly in men, but did not impact glucose metabolism.
Platoon dispersion model in the mixed traffic environment
Authors: Cheng Wei , Chen Ye-xiao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTo describe the phenomenon of platoon dispersion in the mixed traffic environment and provide a theoretical basis for signal timing optimization in the mixed traffic environment. Based on Robertson’s platoon dispersion model, this paper fully considers the characteristics of mixed traffic conditions, and models the platoon dispersion in the mixed traffic environment. Firstly, considering the influence of the percentage of non-motor vehicles on the platoon dispersion, the functional relationship between the percentage of non-motor vehicles and the parameters of the platoon dispersion model is derived, and the parameters of the Robertson platoon dispersion model are calibrated. Secondly, through the data collected from Zitai Road in the city of Kunming, the required model parameters are calculated, and the arrival flow rate distribution downstream of the intersection is obtained. Finally, according to the measured data, the proposed model is compared with the classical Robertson model. The results show that compared with the Robertson model, the average prediction mean square error of the proposed model is reduced by 5.89%, which can better describe the dispersion law of the mixed traffic under the influence of different percentage of non-motorized vehicles.
Machine learning-based cluster analysis of immune cell subtypes and breast cancer survival
Authors: Wang Zhanwei , Katsaros Dionyssios , Wang Junlong , Biglio Nicholetta , Hernandez Brenda Y. , Fei Peiwen , Lu Lingeng , Risch Harvey , Yu Herbert 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHost immunity involves various immune cells working in concert to achieve balanced immune response. Host immunity interacts with tumorigenic process impacting disease outcome. Clusters of different immune cells may reveal unique host immunity in relation to breast cancer progression. CIBERSORT algorithm was used to estimate relative abundances of 22 immune cell types in 3 datasets, METABRIC, TCGA, and our study. The cell type data in METABRIC were analyzed for cluster using unsupervised hierarchical clustering (UHC). The UHC results were employed to train machine learning models. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression survival analyses were performed to assess cell clusters in association with relapse-free and overall survival. Differentially expressed genes by clusters were interrogated with IPA for molecular signatures. UHC analysis identified two distinct immune cell clusters, clusters A (83.2%) and B (16.8%). Memory B cells, plasma cells, CD8 positive T cells, resting memory CD4 T cells, activated NK cells, monocytes, M1 macrophages, and resting mast cells were more abundant in clusters A than B, whereas regulatory T cells and M0 and M2 macrophages were more in clusters B than A. Patients in cluster A had favorable survival. Similar survival associations were also observed in other independent studies. IPA analysis showed that pathogen-induced cytokine storm signaling pathway, phagosome formation, and T cell receptor signaling were related to the cell type clusters. Our finding suggests that different immune cell clusters may indicate distinct immune responses to tumor growth, suggesting their potential for disease management.
Large bi-axial tensile strain effect in epitaxial BiFeO3 film grown on single crystal PrScO3
Authors: Bae In-Tae , Lingley Zachary R. , Foran Brendan J. , Adams Paul M. , Paik Hanjong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA BiFeO3 film is grown epitaxially on a PrScO3 single crystal substrate which imparts ~ 1.45% of biaxial tensile strain to BiFeO3 resulting from lattice misfit. The biaxial tensile strain effect on BiFeO3 is investigated in terms of crystal structure, Poisson ratio, and ferroelectric domain structure. Lattice resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy, precession electron diffraction, and X-ray diffraction results clearly show that in-plane interplanar distance of BiFeO3 is the same as that of PrScO3 with no sign of misfit dislocations, indicating that the biaxial tensile strain caused by lattice mismatch between BiFeO3 and PrScO3 are stored as elastic energy within BiFeO3 film. Nano-beam electron diffraction patterns compared with structure factor calculation found that the BiFeO3 maintains rhombohedral symmetry, i.e., space group of R3c. The pattern analysis also revealed two crystallographically distinguishable domains. Their relations with ferroelectric domain structures in terms of size and spontaneous polarization orientations within the domains are further understood using four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy technique.
Deep learning system for automated detection of posterior ligamentous complex injury in patients with thoracolumbar fracture on MRI
Authors: Jo Sang Won , Khil Eun Kyung , Lee Kyoung Yeon , Choi Il , Yoon Yu Sung , Cha Jang Gyu , Lee Jae Hyeok , Kim Hyunggi , Lee Sun Yeop 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to develop a deep learning (DL) algorithm for automated detection and localization of posterior ligamentous complex (PLC) injury in patients with acute thoracolumbar (TL) fracture on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and evaluate its diagnostic performance. In this retrospective multicenter study, using midline sagittal T2-weighted image with fracture (± PLC injury), a training dataset and internal and external validation sets of 300, 100, and 100 patients, were constructed with equal numbers of injured and normal PLCs. The DL algorithm was developed through two steps (Attention U-net and Inception-ResNet-V2). We evaluate the diagnostic performance for PLC injury between the DL algorithm and radiologists with different levels of experience. The area under the curves (AUCs) generated by the DL algorithm were 0.928, 0.916 for internal and external validations, and by two radiologists for observer performance test were 0.930, 0.830, respectively. Although no significant difference was found in diagnosing PLC injury between the DL algorithm and radiologists, the DL algorithm exhibited a trend of higher AUC than the radiology trainee. Notably, the radiology trainee's diagnostic performance significantly improved with DL algorithm assistance. Therefore, the DL algorithm exhibited high diagnostic performance in detecting PLC injuries in acute TL fractures.
Augmented improved nested array with enhanced degrees of freedom and reduced mutual coupling effect
Authors: Yu Weichuang , He Peiyu , Liu Huiheng , Qiu Da 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTo reduce mutual coupling of an improved nested array (INA), the authors propose an augmented improved nested array (AINA) by splitting the dense subarray of the INA into two parts and rearranging one of them on the right side of the last element in the INA, which enhances the number of unique lags in difference coarray and reduces the number of element pairs with small separations. The closed‐form expressions for the physical element locations, the range of consecutive lags and the number of unique lags are derived for any given element number. It is indicated that the AINA possesses higher degrees of freedom and less mutual coupling than the common sparse arrays. Numerical simulations verify the superiority of the proposed configuration.
On Primary Adrenal Insufficiency with Normal Concentrations of
Cortisol – Early Manifestation of Addison’s
Disease
Authors: Wäscher Hanna , Knauerhase Andreas , Klar Bettina , Postrach Till , Weber Marc-André , Willenberg Holger Sven 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPrimary adrenal insufficiency (AI) is an endocrine disorder in which hormones of
the adrenal cortex are produced to an insufficient extent. Since receptors for
adrenal steroids have a wide distribution, initial symptoms may be nonspecific.
In particular, the lack of glucocorticoids can quickly lead to a
life-threatening adrenal crisis. Therefore, current guidelines suggest applying
a low threshold for testing and to rule out AI not before serum cortisol
concentrations are higher than 500 nmol/l (18 μg/dl). To
ease the diagnostic, determination of morning cortisol concentrations is
increasingly used for making a diagnosis whereby values of>350
nmol/l are considered to safely rule out Addison’s disease.
Also, elevated corticotropin concentrations (>300 pg/ml) are
indicative of primary AI when cortisol levels are below 140 nmol/l (5
μg/dl). However, approximately 10 percent of our patients with
the final diagnosis of primary adrenal insufficiency would clearly have been
missed for they presented with normal cortisol concentrations. Here, we present
five such cases to support the view that normal to high basal concentrations of
cortisol in the presence of clearly elevated corticotropin are indicative of
primary adrenal insufficiency when the case history is suggestive of
Addison’s disease. In all cases, treatment with hydrocortisone had been
started, after which the symptoms improved. Moreover, autoantibodies to the
adrenal cortex had been present and all patients underwent a structured national
education program to ensure that self-monitored dose adjustments could be made
as needed.