bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prometheus Stretches: Building Identity and Cumulative Knowledge in Multiemployer Careers
Authors: Baker Ted , Aldrich Howard E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In American society, work is an important context for the expression and further development of both identity and knowledge. The temporal organization is embedded in peoples’ work histories, which are generically labeled “careers” (Arthur, 1994: 297), and in this chapter, we use concepts from the life-course perspective to examine recent historical changes in career patterns. The life-course perspective has developed among a variety of social and behavioral sciences during the 1980s and 1990s, and “refers to the social patterning of events and roles over the life-span, a process ever subject to the interaction of individual behavior with a changing society” (Elder and Caspi, 1990). This perspective directs our attention to historical influences that affect processes of identity formation and expression within careers, and to how knowledge is accumulated and put to use.
Occupations, Organizations, and Boundaryless Careers
Authors: Tolbert Pamela S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It does not take a particularly perspicacious observer to note that industrial societies are characterized by a wide variety of work careers-careers that are linked to very different types of labor markets and employment relationships. These differences are denoted in contemporary research by an array of terms and associated acronyms-firm internal labor markets (FILMs), occupational labor markets (OLMs), secondary labor markets (SLMS), and so forth (see Althauser and Kalleberg 1981). Although such conceptual distinctions clearly imply variations in career patterns, the notion of career, nonetheless, has come to be strongly associated with a particular employment relationship-a relationship characterized by long-term employment with a single employer, and involving movement through a series of interconnected, and increasingly prestigious and powerful jobs arranged within a hierarchy.
From Sound To Synapse
Authors: Geisler C Daniel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book describes the major steps by which the mammalian ear transforms sound into nerve impulses. The author leads us along the pathway followed by an acoustic signal--collected by the outer ear, augmented by the middle ear, then delivered to the inner ear where the minuscule vibrations of the sound waves are transformed into nerve impulses. At each stage, the basic mechanisms are described qualitatively in terms of current theories and illustrated with experimental data. Where appropriate, related mechanisms in the ears of other vertebrates are considered. It is shown that the mammalian ear does an exquisite job of translating sound signals into a very robust nerve-pulse code. The book concludes with descriptions of some common ear impairments and a brief survey of the treatments available for them. The text is integrated with animations of mechanical and neural phenomena available through the Internet.
A Positive Rate of Interest?
Authors: Mandler Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Economists were once obligated to explain why the rate of interest or profit is normally positive. The flow of net income to owners of capital was too analytically and socially prominent for classical and early neoclassical theorists to ignore. The postwar theory of value diverges from the traditional pattern; although economists continue to assume that interest rates are positive, theorists no longer actively investigate the underlying causes. Nor does postwar theory implicitly contain a convincing explanation. Partial accounts have surfaced as the by-product of other research programs, but as we will see, a satisfactory account of positive interest cannot be extracted from contemporary work.
The Structural Impediments to Legality
Authors: Francis A Allen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A political society governed by the rule of law is one in which exercises of public authority are guided by articulate legal norms and in which public officers are held to high standards of accountability. No society succeeds in giving full expression to the legality ideal, and departures from it may result from a great number of distinct influences. As discussed in the second chapter, a widespread perception that vital community or personal interests are being threatened by crime, terrorism, international aggression, or other menaces may cause public officers to act beyond the authorizations of existing law or to seek new laws that weaken the officers’ accountability;1 and they do so often with the approval, or even at the insistence, of a democratic majority. We in the United States have been living in such a period for more than a generation. But there are other factors of history, tradition, and institutional structure that may exert more persistent and equally potent influences limiting realization of the legality ideal. It is probably impossible to separate the impacts of history and structure, for they are often inextricably intertwined. The structure of institutions generates habits and traditions, while historical attitudes, in turn, are among the determinants of institutional structure and its subsequent modifications.
Organizational Learning Capability
Authors: Yeung Arthur K , Ulrich David O , Nason Stephen W , Glinow Mary Ann Von 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Organizational learning matters now more than ever. In today’s hypercompetitive business environment, successful executives must be able to discover opportunities, face problems, and pursue innovative ideas, then turn those ideas into action throughout an organization. Based on both empirical research and practice experience, this book gives managers the tools to do just that. Organizational learning capability is the capacity to generate and generalize ideas with impact. Managers generate new ideas in four basic ways: experimentation, in which organizations learn by trying many new products and processes; continuous improvement, in which they learn by constantly improving what they have done before and mastering each step in a process before moving on to other processes; knowledge acquisition, in which they learn by encouraging individuals and teams to acquire new knowledge continuously; and benchmarking, in which they learn by studying how other groups do things and trying to adapt their techniques. Each learning types leads to different performance consequences. Managers must also be able to generalize information through technology, movement of people, incentives, and learning processes. By both generating and generalizing ideas with impact, managers have a blueprint for making learning happen. Learning may not be sustained, however, unless it is congruent with the larger business context—the organization’s strategy and culture and the industry’s characteristics. Unfortunately, just as organizations develop learning capabilities, they also suffer from certain learning disabilities. This book outlines common disabilities and the means to overcome them. The authors assist practicing managers by providing several examples of successful and unsuccessful organizations and describing the ways in which they have helped organizations improve learning capability in their consulting practices. Based on detailed case studies, a review of past literature, and data gleaned from a worldwide survey of companies, Organizational Learning Capability is an accessible and useful guide for managers competing in the information economy. This book turns abstract ideas into practice, offers tools that managers can use, and presents a simple yet profound road map for making learning a reality.
American Slavery in History and Memory
Authors: Berlin Ira 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution in December 1865 abolished slavery in the United States. In the years that followed, Southern planters and their allies proved extraordinarily resourceful in inventing new forms of labor extraction and racial oppression, but—try as they might—they could not reinstate chattel bondage. Yet, almost a century and a half later, the question of slavery again roils the water of American life. Indeed, the last years of the twentieth and the first years of the twenty-first centuries have witnessed an extraordinary popular engagement with slavery. Slavery has a greater presence in American life now than at any time since the Civil War ended.
Italian Negative Infinitival Imperatives and Clitic Climbing
Authors: Kayne Richard S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This use of the infinitive is notable in several ways. First, there is the very fact that an infinitive is used in a root construction; second, the fact that it is limited to the negative imperative (i.e., the positive imperative corresponding to (1) would not have the infinitive). Third, and perhaps most striking, is the fact that clitics can precede the infinitive in this construction, although elsewhere in Italian, clitics invariably follow the infinitives they are associated with. An example with an ordinary infinitive would be: (2) Gianni ha deciso di farlo. (‘G has decided di to-do it’) (3) *Gianni ha deciso di lo fare.
Agreement and Verb Morphology in Three Varieties of English
Authors: Kayne Richard S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If one takes you to always be grammatically plural, somewhat as French vous (cf. (3) (5)), despite sometimes referring to a singular, then, if one takes I to be nonsingular (there is clearly nothing that I is a true singular of), English -s can be considered to be a pure indication of number (+singular), rather than involving person in any way.
Possessiven Constructions and Linguistic-Economics
Authors: Puckett Anita 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
socjoeconomies require culturally based expressions of ownership, control, or possession of valued entities, whether by individuals, corporations, supernatural powers, or some other cultural category, in order to direct the ebb and flow of resources within a cultural arena. As studies in nonmonetary exchange have demonstrated, any given set of cultural practices will emphasize one or several of these types of possession over the full range of possibilities. Recent anthropological scholarship in exchange systems details clear linkages between culturally constructed concepts of ownership and patterns in the distribution of resources.
Nonrequesting Uses of Imperatives
Authors: Puckett Anita 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
pivotal to all of ash creek requesting discourse is a system of acceptable uses of imperatives, or other unambiguous directives having imperative functions, to demand compliance of listeners. Except under certain very specific and highly restricted contextual constraints, Ash Creek residents will recognize such imperative forms as “orders.” “Orders” are a speaker’s blatant assertions of control over another individual and are invariably interpreted negatively—with sometimes highly negative responses involving violence. Residents have well-developed metapragmatic discourse about the use of “orders,” which, in turn, constructs a well-developed ideology of “order” language. At the same time, Ash Creek English does not exclude the imperative mood from its grammar. Imperative constructions can be, under certain contextual constraints, very common. This chapter explores the usage patterns that lead to this apparent contradiction as they relate to the reproduction or transformation of the community socioeconomy. It first discusses formal constraints on nor-mative imperative syntax and then considers non-requesting uses of “orders” in reported speech and oral narratives.
Conclusion
Authors: Puckett Anita 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
this book began with anecdotes about contestative labor interactions in Ash Creek. I suggested that these highly negative responses from laborers were located not in the pathology of the person but in the meanings of the communication constructing the socioeconomic interaction. I can now claim that a significant cause of the conflict lay in the ways in which the imperatives contextualized the various communicative events for the different participants. Ash Creek residents understood the imperatives as “orders” and responded to them in a manner consistent with the Ash Creek patterns of responding to “orders.” The effects of the misunderstandings were personal, deeply personal. But the source of the problem was in the different ways the interlocutors interpreted what they heard, not because of abnormal personalities. These processes of interpretation are constructed in the daily interactions of residents in relation to the material world. As a result of this social construction of meanings, they are complex, socially constituted signs and therefore within the cultural realm.
The Double Standard
Authors: Yarbrough Tinsley E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Old Court’s impact on American law and the nation’s social, economic, and political fabric is familiar to all students of constitutional politics. Imbued with the “survival of the fittest” tenets of Social Darwinism, a shifting majority of justices who served on the Supreme Court from the late 1880s to the late 1930s imposed a laissez-faire economic theory on the Constitution’s text, converting its provisions into potent weapons against both federal and state controls over economic interests and the excesses of the Industrial Revolution.
The Economics of Property Law
Authors: Miceli Thomas J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Property is perhaps the most fundamental area of the common law. It is also basic to economics in that property rights are essential for exchange. In this chapter and the next, I develop an economic analysis of property law. This chapter focuses on the legal protection of property rights, the transfer of property rights between private individuals (both voluntary and involuntary), and the law with regard to incompatible property rights (or externalities).
I begin the analysis with the fundamental distinction between property rules and liability rules, which forms the basis for much of the economic analysis of property. The key to the distinction is the interaction between consent as the basis for mutually beneficial exchange and the transaction costs associated with obtaining consent. Consensual exchange is governed by property rules, and non consensual exchange is governed by liability rules. Thus, property rules ensure that exchanges are Pareto-efficient (i.e., both parties are made at least as well off), but if transaction costs are high, they may preclude some efficient exchanges from being completed. In that case, liability rules can facilitate exchange by removing the requirement of consent and replacing it with a coerced exchange according to terms set by the court.
Government Taking and Regulation of Private Property
Authors: Miceli Thomas J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines government acqms1t10n and regulation of private property. Unlike private individuals, who must bargain with owners when they wish to acquire property, the government can acquire private property for public use without the owner’s consent, provided that it pays just compensation. Thus, private property owners have only liability-rule protection of their property vis-à-vis the government. The first part of this chapter is an economic analysis of government takings of this sort. It examines the economic justification for the government’s power of eminent domain, the meaning of just compensation, and the implications of eminent domain for the land-development decisions of property owners.
In contrast to physical acquisitions or intrusions, government regulation of private property generally does not require compensation. Instead, it is viewed as a legitimate exercise of the government’s police power. There is a longstanding question, however, about whether or when a regulation ever becomes so burdensome to a property owner as to require compensation under the takings clause. Regulations that cross this threshold are referred to as regulatory takings. In the second part of this chapter I develop an economic framework for determining where this threshold should be. I then employ the framework to discuss several related topics, such as whether investment-backed expectations are necessary for compensation to be paid, whether capitalization of the threat of regulation into land prices renders the compensation question irrelevant, and what the impact of compensation is on the timing of development.
Liberal Legal Community
Authors: Duff R A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A normative theory of punishment must include a conception of crime as that which is to be punished. Such a conception of crime presupposes a conception of the criminal law—of its proper aims and content, of its claims on the citizen. Such a conception of the criminal law presupposes a conception of the state—of its proper role and functions, of its relation to its citizens. Such a conception of the state must also include a conception of society and of the relation between state and society.
Nonmessenger Targets for Drug Action I Endogenous cellular structures
Authors: Weaver Thomas Nogrady Donald F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The goal of medicinal chemistry is to discover and develop novel chemical compounds (new chemical entities) that will influence the function of the host organism in some beneficial manner. As discussed in chapters 4–6, the most obvious approach is either to mimic or to block endogenous messengers used by the organism itself to control its own biochemistry. These endogenous messengers may be neurotransmitters, hormones, or immunomodulators working at the electrical, molecular, or cellular level, respectively. However, not all pathologies afflicting the human organism can be addressed by manipulating these messengers. Accordingly, it becomes necessary to target other cellular components (this chapter) and/or endogenous macromolecules (chapter 8) that are not normally directly controlled through binding to endogenous messengers. To identify such cellular targets for drug design requires an appreciation of cellular structure. The study of microscopic cellular structure is termed cytology. Cytology should be distinguished from histology (the microscopic study of tissues; i.e., functional aggregates of similar cells, such as neural tissue) and gross anatomy (the study of organs and body parts, such as the brain).
‘Deaf Identity, Lesbian Identity: Intersections in a Life Narrative
Authors: Neumann Tina M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Two questions arise in the study of queer language, especially as concerns Deaf lesbian and gay language. How is identity constructed for a Deaf person and for a lesbian? What role do culture and community play within that identity construction? When studying Deaf1 lesbian language, I emphasize the need for under­ standing and defining Deaf culture and lesbian culture as two research considerations, as well as understanding where these cultures and perhaps others intersect within the framework of life stories or coming-out narratives. There is a scarcity of study in American Sign Language related to gay and lesbian languages. To my knowledge, no discourse-level analysis of Deaflesbian and gay language or culture has been published. This research is being done but has not yet reached a wider audience.
“Go Suck Your Husband ‘s Sugarcane!”: Hijras and the Use of Sexual Insult
Authors: Hall Kira 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
And always, licensed and provocative, hanging around the stalls, like a decayed reminder of Lucknow ‘s past, were the transvestites and eunuchs of the ghetto, in women ‘s clothes and with cheap jewelry, making lewd jokes and begging: the darkness of the sexual urge finding this ritual, semi-grotesque, safe public expression. Marginalized both socially and spatially, the hijras have created an elaborate network that spans all of India, establishing a divergent social space that both parallels and opposes organizations of gender in the dichotomous system that excludes them. Discussed variously in the anthropological literature as “transvestites; ‘ “eunuchs; ‘ “hermaphrodites; ‘ and even “a third sex; ‘ most of lndia ‘s hijras were raised as boys before taking up residence in one of the many hijra communities that exist in almost every region of India. In addition to appropriating feminine dress and mannerisms, many hijras take male partners and choose to undergo a ritualized castration and penectomy operation. Although relatively untouched by police jurisdiction, hijras across the country have divided them­ selves according to municipal police divisions, in accordance with the demarcation of districts in mainstream society. They elect their own council of elders to settle group disputes, referred to as panciiyats, who rule over a select group of hijra communities within a particular region.
The American Corporation as an Employer:Past, Present, and Future Possibilities
Authors: Kochan Thomas A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Much speculation has appeared in recent years on the nature of the corporation of the twenty-first century. Visions abound of networked firms, virtual organizations, flat and flexible structures, and global operations that transcend national boundaries. Missing from many of these analyses is a well-grounded understanding of the role of the corporation as an employer and manager of human resources. Yet how firms treat those who work for them will have important effects on the viability of the organizational forms envisioned for the corporation of the future.
The Behavioral State System
Authors: Swanson Larry W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If you are like most people, you spend about a third of your time asleep, and while you may not have stopped to think about it, sleep and wakefulness are obviously two entirely different behavioral and mental states. When you are asleep, gentle sensory information doesn’t seem to “get in” and your muscles are relaxed—essentially there is no overt behavior, except for breathing and rolling over now and then. No one has come up with a convincing explanation for why we sleep, but there must be one because it has such a long evolutionary history: alternating periods of sleep-like behavior and wakefulness are found in all vertebrates and have even been detected in many invertebrates such as mollusks and insects.
The Cognitive System
Authors: Swanson Larry W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The cerebral cortex is the crowning glory of evolution. It is the part of the nervous system that is responsible for thinking. Quadriplegics, who tragically have had their spinal cord disconnected from their brain, can think just fine, and so can people who have been born without a cerebellum. But extensive damage to the cerebral cortex profoundly interferes with cognition. The cerebral cortex is the organ of thought. Can the organ of thought ever understand itself? Will we ever understand the physical basis of thought? Can we ever discover the fundamental organizing principles of cerebral cortex circuitry? What is the biology of consciousness? If nothing else—how far have we come in our attempts to understand the brain substrates of thinking?
Eloquence in Trouble
Authors: Wilce James M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Eloquence in Trouble captures the articulation of several troubled lives in Bangladesh as well as the threats to the very genres of their expression, lament in particular. The first ethnography of one of the most spoken mother tongues on earth, Bangla, this study represents a new approach to troubles talk, combining the rigor of discourse analysis with the interpretive depth of psychological anthropology. Its careful transcriptions of Bangladeshi troubles talk will disturb some readers and move others--beyond past academic discussion of personhood in South Asia.