bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 analogues in monogenic syndromic obesity: Real‐world data from a large cohort of Alström syndrome patients
Authors: Ali Sadaf , Baig Shanat , Wanninayake Subadra , da Silva Xavier Gabriela , Dawson Charlotte , Paisey Richard , Geberhiwot Tarekegn 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimTo examine the real‐world efficacy of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RAs) in monogenic obesity in patients with Alström syndrome (ALMS).MethodsWe screened 72 UK adult patients with ALMS and offered treatment to 34 patients meeting one of the following criteria: body mass index of 25 kg/m2 or higher, insulin resistance, suboptimal glycaemic control on antihyperglycaemic medications or non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease.ResultsIn total, 30 patients, with a mean age of 31 ± 11 years and a male to‐female ratio of 2:1, completed 6 months of treatment with GLP‐1 RAs either in the form of semaglutide or exenatide. On average, treatment with GLP‐1 RAs reduced body weight by 5.4 ± 1.7 (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.6‐7) kg and HbA1c by 12 ± 3.3 (95% CI 8.7‐15.3) mmol/mol, equating to 6% weight loss (P < .01) and 1.1% absolute reduction in HbA1c (P < .01). Significant improvements were also observed in serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and alanine aminotransferase. The improvement of metabolic variables in our cohort of monogenic syndromic obesity was comparable with data for polygenic obesity, irrespective of weight loss.ConclusionsData from our centre highlight the non‐inferiority of GLP‐1 RAs in monogenic syndromic obesity to the available GLP‐1 RA‐use data in polygenic obesity, therefore, these agents can be considered as a treatment option in patients with ALMS, as well as other forms of monogenic obesity.
The lived experience of weight loss maintenance in young people
Authors: Sides Nicola , Pringle Andy , Newson Lisa 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionThere continues to be an imbalance of research into weight loss and weight loss maintenance (WLM), with a particular lack of research into WLM in young people under 18 years. Failure to coherently understand WLM in young people may be a potential contributor to the underdeveloped guidance surrounding long‐term support. Furthermore, no research has investigated young people's preferences around WLM support following the attendance of a residential intensive weight loss intervention from a qualitative perspective. This study explored the influences of WLM in young people following a residential intensive weight loss intervention, considered how interventions could be improved and sought to develop recommendations for stakeholders responsible for designing WLM interventions.MethodsThe context in which this research is framed was taken from a residential Intensive Weight Loss Intervention for young people aged 8–17 years in England. Six semi‐structured interviews were carried out to understand the lived experience of WLM, including barriers and enablers influencing WLM, adopting an interpretative phenomenological analysis design.FindingsThree superordinate themes were developed to explain the barriers and enablers to WLM; (1) Behavioural control and the psychosocial skills to self‐regulate WLM; (2) Delivering effective social support; and (3) Conflicting priorities and environmental triggers.ConclusionThe findings of this research mirror that of other studies of WLM in young people, with the majority of young people struggling to maintain weight loss. However, by exploring the experience of WLM in young people through qualitative means, it was possible to understand the specific motivators and barriers influencing WLM behaviours in this context, providing recommendations to support WLM.Patient or Public ContributionThe interview guide was developed in consultation with a young person from the intervention, and through discussions with the intervention stakeholders (delivery staff and management staff). The interview guide included topics such as knowledge and skills; experience of weight loss; reflections on weight maintenance, and experiences of daily life postintervention. We piloted the interview schedule with one young person who had consented to take part in the research. This first interview was used to check for understanding of questions and to assess the flow of the interview.
Geochronological and petrological investigations of Miocene felsic igneous rocks in the Amakusa Islands, southwest Japan: Possible extension of the Setouchi Volcanic Belt
Authors: Shinjoe Hironao , Orihashi Yuji , Akasaka Mana , Niki Sota , Sasaki Minoru , Hirata Takafumi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe opening of the Japan Sea led to the separation of southwest Japan from the Eurasian continent. Subsequent to this event, a diverse range of igneous activities occurred in southwest Japan. On the back‐arc side of the region, igneous activity commenced at approximately 22 Ma and persisted for an extended period. In the trench‐proximal region of southwest Japan, magmatism initiated around 15.6 Ma, immediately following the cessation of the Japan Sea opening, in correlation with the subduction of the Philippine Sea plate beneath southwest Japan. The Amakusa Islands in western Kyushu host felsic to intermediate igneous rocks with Miocene radiometric ages. There has been a debate regarding the attribution of the igneous rocks in Amakusa Island among the Miocene igneous rocks in southwest Japan. To address this issue, we conducted zircon U–Pb dating and analyzed the major‐ and trace‐element compositions of felsic igneous rocks in the Amakusa Islands to elucidate their characteristics. The obtained U–Pb ages range from 14.5 to 14.8 Ma, suggesting contemporaneity between magmatism in the Amakusa Islands and the Setouchi Volcanic Rocks in the trench‐proximal region of southwest Japan. The major and trace element compositions of the felsic igneous rocks exhibit similarities to the dacites of the Setouchi Volcanic Rocks. These findings support previous suggestions that the magmatism in the Amakusa Islands can be correlated with the Setouchi Volcanic Rocks, based on the discovery of a high‐Mg andesite dike and paleo‐stress analysis utilizing the direction of dikes and sills. Therefore, the Setouchi Volcanic Belt is proposed to extend further west than the previously identified Ohno volcanic rocks in eastern Kyushu. The subduction of the Shikoku Basin of the Philippine Sea plate toward western Kyushu supports the hypothesis that the Kyushu‐Palau Ridge was positioned west of Kyushu at ~15 Ma.
How the eyes respond to sounds
Authors: Hu Junchao , Vetter Petra 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEye movements have been extensively studied with respect to visual stimulation. However, we live in a multisensory world, and how the eyes are driven by other senses has been explored much less. Here, we review the evidence on how audition can trigger and drive different eye responses and which cortical and subcortical neural correlates are involved. We provide an overview on how different types of sounds, from simple tones and noise bursts to spatially localized sounds and complex linguistic stimuli, influence saccades, microsaccades, smooth pursuit, pupil dilation, and eye blinks. The reviewed evidence reveals how the auditory system interacts with the oculomotor system, both behaviorally and neurally, and how this differs from visually driven eye responses. Some evidence points to multisensory interaction, and potential multisensory integration, but the underlying computational and neural mechanisms are still unclear. While there are marked differences in how the eyes respond to auditory compared to visual stimuli, many aspects of auditory‐evoked eye responses remain underexplored, and we summarize the key open questions for future research.
“You didn't ask, so you don't know”: Information and administrative burden in social benefit claims
Authors: Tarshish Noam , Holler Roni 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEncounters with welfare state bureaucracy are often burdensome and might even result in administrative exclusion and non‐take up. With the growing scholarly interest in administrative burden experiences, a particular focus has been on learning costs, with evidence suggesting that difficulty obtaining reliable and useful information is one of their most fundamental aspects. We still lack a systematic conceptualization of bureaucratic information and its various dimensions. In this non‐representative exploratory study, we draw on interviews with 15 Israeli social benefit claimants to delve deeper into the nature of the information required in encounters with welfare state bureaucracy. Using thematic analysis, we identify five dimensions of such information: primary information on the existence of the benefit, as opposed to secondary procedural information on the claiming process; universal, wide‐ranging available information, in contrast to personalized information; one‐ versus two‐directional information transfer; covert, informal and dynamic, as opposed to overt, publicly available information; and finally, online versus offline information. We suggest that this exploratory conceptual framework can serve as a starting point for future studies to develop deeper understanding of the information citizens need in their encounters with welfare state bureaucracy.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE PRESSURE DROP AND FLOODING IN A ROTATING PACKED BED REACTOR
Authors: Garba Usman , Rouzineau David , Meyer Michel 
Published: December 2023

In conventional packed beds, mass transfer and flooding limitations lower the productivity of many processes. The almost zero sensitivity to variations in gravitational force has made centrifugal processes to have great potential for enhancing heterogeneous catalytic reactions. We studied a rotating packed bed (RPB) reactor as a gas/liquid contactor for multi-phase catalytic reactions. The scarcity of fundamental data on the hydrodynamics and mass transfer of the reactor limits the design, scale-up, and retrofitting of RPB reactors. Hence, we focused on the hydrodynamic behavior of the device. Previous studies on RPB reactor flooding and operating limits dwelled on visual observations and pressure drop variations only. However, physical visualizations are subjective because RPB reactor pressure drop variations are too inconsistent to be used to determine the upper operating limit during their operations. A robust quantitative method of obtaining RPB reactor flooding limits based on the flow rate of the ejected liquid, supported by visual observation and pressure drop measurement, was presented. The aim was to identify, with greater certainty, RPB reactor hydrodynamic characteristics and provide a more standard method of identifying it. The average increase in single-phase pressure drop per unit increase in rotation speed in the range investigated was 0.75Pa/rpm, and the average increase in pressure drop per unit increase in gas flow rate was 4.11Pa/Nm3h-1 within the operating range investigated.
Internal Temperature Estimation of Lithium-Ion Battery Based on Improved Electro-Thermal Coupling Model and ANFIS
Authors: Wen Jianping , Li Zhensheng , Zhang Haodong , Zhang Chuanwei 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Accurate estimation of the internal temperature of lithium-ion batteries plays an important role in the development of a suitable battery thermal management system, safeguarding the healthy and safe operation of batteries and improving battery performance. In order to accurately estimate the internal temperature of the battery, this paper proposes a method for estimating the internal temperature of lithium-ion batteries based on an improved electro-thermal coupling model and an Adaptive Network-Based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). First, a parameterization method of the electrical model is proposed, and an electrical model whose parameters are affected by temperature and SOC is established. Second, to overcome the complex nonlinear modeling problem of lithium-ion batteries, the ANFIS thermal model is established. Then, an improved electro-thermal coupling model for lithium-ion batteries is established by combining the proposed electrical model and the ANFIS thermal model to improve the accuracy of estimating the internal temperature of the battery. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulation and experiment.
New-onset movement disorder in the immediate postpartum period
Authors: Wikeley Sarah , Bacon Imogen , Greer Orene , Evans Matthew , Hasan Rizwan , Pathak Sangeeta 
Published: December 2023

This case report describes a woman who developed involuntary, uncoordinated movements of her face and limbs following a spontaneous vaginal delivery, complicated by postpartum haemorrhage. Using systematic assessment with multidisciplinary team input, a differential diagnosis was proposed and relevant investigations were undertaken. Atypical eclamptic or generalised seizures were excluded clinically and neuroimaging ruled out an intracranial vascular event such as stroke or venous sinus thrombosis. Local anaesthetic systemic toxicity was managed empirically with intravenous lipid emulsion and intravenous fluids. A diagnosis of drug-induced dyskinesia was made, most likely secondary to ondansetron, with which dystonias and myoclonus have been described. This woman’s symptoms were transient and resolved within 2 hours.This case presented a complex differential diagnosis, highlighting the paucity of guidance available. We propose a diagnostic algorithm to aid in the identification of acute involuntary movements in pregnancy and the puerperium.
Recommendations for laboratory workflow that better support centralised amalgamation of genomic variant data: findings from CanVIG-UK national molecular laboratory survey
Authors: Allen Sophie , Loong Lucy , Garrett Alice , Torr Bethany , Durkie Miranda , Drummond James , Callaway Alison , Robinson Rachel , Burghel George J , Hanson Helen , Field Joanne , McDevitt Trudi , McVeigh Terri P , Bedenham Tina , Bowles Christopher , Bradshaw Kirsty , Brooks Claire , Butler Samantha , Del Rey Jimenez Juan Carlos , Hawkes Lorraine , Stinton Victoria , MacMahon Suzanne , Owens Martina , Palmer-Smith Sheila , Smith Kenneth , Tellez James , Valganon-Petrizan Mikel , Waskiewicz Erik , Yau Michael , Eccles Diana M , Tischkowitz Marc , Goel Shilpi , McRonald Fiona , Antoniou Antonis C , Morris Eva , Hardy Steven , Turnbull Clare 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundNational and international amalgamation of genomic data offers opportunity for research and audit, including analyses enabling improved classification of variants of uncertain significance. Review of individual-level data from National Health Service (NHS) testing of cancer susceptibility genes (2002–2023) submitted to the National Disease Registration Service revealed heterogeneity across participating laboratories regarding (1) the structure, quality and completeness of submitted data, and (2) the ease with which that data could be assembled locally for submission.MethodsIn May 2023, we undertook a closed online survey of 51 clinical scientists who provided consensus responses representing all 17 of 17 NHS molecular genetic laboratories in England and Wales which undertake NHS diagnostic analyses of cancer susceptibility genes. The survey included 18 questions relating to ‘next-generation sequencing workflow’ (11), ‘variant classification’ (3) and ‘phenotypical context’ (4).ResultsWidely differing processes were reported for transfer of variant data into their local LIMS (Laboratory Information Management System), for the formatting in which the variants are stored in the LIMS and which classes of variants are retained in the local LIMS. Differing local provisions and workflow for variant classifications were also reported, including the resources provided and the mechanisms by which classifications are stored.ConclusionThe survey responses illustrate heterogeneous laboratory workflow for preparation of genomic variant data from local LIMS for centralised submission. Workflow is often labour-intensive and inefficient, involving multiple manual steps which introduce opportunities for error. These survey findings and adoption of the concomitant recommendations may support improvement in laboratory dataflows, better facilitating submission of data for central amalgamation.
Place in the Novel Ziryāb by Maqbūl al-ʿAlawī
Authors: al-Sarani Khalid S. , al-Mutazz Nuha S. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the style of the novelist Maqbūl al-ʿAlawī in his interaction with place in his novel Ziryāb, place being seen as one of the most important elements of the novel. It is shown how place affects the reader and how it carries out several tasks and represents several values. Place played a part in making events and depicting some symbols. The study answers several questions: it considers the sorts of places in which the novel’s events unfold. What is the role of place in the formation of events among other things? Are some places more important than others? For what reasons does the novelist lean toward some places instead of others? The study investigates the manner in which place supports the narrative or decreases its value.
Popular Protests in the Mzab in Light of Intercommunity Conflicts and Ordinary Practices (Algeria)
Authors: Hadj-Moussa Ratiba 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The Mzab region in the Algerian south has seen numerous clashes between the Mozabite and Arab communities. The most important of these were in 2013–2015. This article considers these clashes as an expression of the problematic of integrating the Saharan regions into the Algerian national fabric, and its interlocking with the end of a political cycle, which has tended to obscure the emergence of new generations of actors. It proposes that these intercommunal conflicts belong to the conjunction between these macro-level dimensions and much more everyday levels, which serve as the substrate not only of the realization of the clashes but also of their justification. The article documents how the ordinary, where the distance between the groups is marked in the everyday, is mobilized in the demands for a “just” state; and how, in the slow unfolding and production of clashes, the state becomes at once their invisibilized third term and their center.
Application of artificial intelligence-based dual source CT scanning in the differentiation of lung adenocarcinoma in situ and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma
Authors: Liu Lihong , Ni Zhihua , Zhang Jian , Zhao Junsong , Shen Jieyun 
Published: December 2023

Background and Objective: Lung adenocarcinoma is the most common type of lung cancer with highly incidence and mortality. Due to the overlap of morphological features, it is difficult to distinguish clinically between preinvasive lesions (in situ adenocarcinoma, AIS) and invasive lesions (minimally invasive adenocarcinoma, MIA), which appear as ground glass cloudy nodules. This study was performed to probe the application value of artificial intelligence (AI)-based dual source CT scanning in the differentiation of AIS as well as MIA.
Methods: The clinical data of 136 patients in Shanghai Baoshan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine from January 2019 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The accuracy of AI in distinguishing lung AIS (n=76) and MIA (n=60) were analyzed. The effectiveness of AI in detecting nodules and its diagnostic efficacy for AIS and MIA were explored.
Results: The proportion of patients with clear and regular lesion boundaries in AIS was higher than that in MIA. The mean lesion diameter of AIS patients was shorter than MIA patients. There was no difference in the CT value between AIS and MIA in the ground glass nodule density area of pure ground glass nodule and mixed ground glass nodule, but the CT value of the solid nodule density area in AIS was lower. The occurrence of pulmonary vascular abnormality, air bronchogram sign, and pleural depression in AIS patients were lower than MIA patients. The detection rate of AI for lung adenocarcinoma with nodule diameter ≤ 5 mm, complete solid nodules and ground glass nodules was significantly higher than radiologists. The sensitivity, specificity, positive prediction rate, negative prediction rate and accuracy of AI detection were significantly higher than radiologists.
Conclusion: AI-based dual source CT scanning can clearly show the morphological characteristics of lung adenocarcinoma, which is helpful for the differential diagnosis of lung AIS as well as MIA.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.3.8454
How to cite this: Liu L, Ni Z, Zhang J, Zhao J, Shen J. Application of artificial intelligence-based dual source CT scanning in the differentiation of lung adenocarcinoma in situ and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(3):271-276. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.3.8454
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Fostering Early Childhood Attachment: The Impact of Caregiver Relationships in Islamic Boarding School Education
Authors: Rohmah Lailatu , Sulong Komareeyah 
Published: December 2023

Purpose – This study aimed to explore the role of attachment in the educational context of early childhood students (santri) residing and learning in Pesantren Mambaul Hisan, Indonesia. The research sought to investigate the attachment dynamics between 5- and 6-year-old santri and their caregivers, including its impact on cognitive and socio-emotional development.
Design/methods/approach – This research adopted a qualitative case study approach, employing in-depth interviews, participant observation, and careful document analysis. The sample was selected purposively and consisted of 24 early childhood santri, 2 Islamic boarding school leaders, and 5 caregivers. Data were analyzed to understand the role of secure attachment in attaining Islamic boarding school educational goals.
Findings – The study revealed that secure attachment among early childhood santri fostered comfortable communication, enhanced cognitive development, and promoted socio-emotional growth. The secure attachment of these young students played a positive role in achieving the educational objectives of the pesantren. This research contributed to the existing knowledge on the psychology of early childhood santri, socio-emotional development, and attachment in an Islamic boarding school context, enriching our understanding of the role of passion in Islamic boarding school education.
Research implications/limitations – The findings of this study have important implications for improving the quality of early childhood education in Islamic boarding school settings. It underscores the significance of fostering secure attachment and the potential benefits of implementing attachment-based strategies in the education of young santri.
Practical implications – Understanding the role of attachment in Islamic boarding school education for young children can inform the development of more effective educational strategies and support systems.
Originality/value – This study adds a novel perspective by examining the role of attachment in the context of Islamic boarding school education for early childhood students.
Paper type Research paper