bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular characterization of arrestin family members in the malaria vector mosquito, Anopheles gambiae
Authors: Merrill C. E. , Pitts R. J. , Zwiebel L. J. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractOlfaction influences many insect behaviours including mate seeking and host selection. The molecular machinery underlying insect olfactory systems is a G protein‐coupled receptor pathway that, in addition to activation, requires adaptation for olfactory sensitivity and discrimination. We have previously identified ARR1 (henceforth AgARR1), a sensory arrestin from the malaria vector mosquito Anopheles gambiae that has been postulated to modulate olfactory adaptation. This report describes three additional arrestin family members including ARR2 (henceforth AgARR2), which is similar to previously characterized insect sensory arrestins and is expressed at significantly higher levels in the antennae of male vs. female A. gambiae mosquitoes. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that AgARR2 may be important for the regulation of olfactory‐driven behaviours particular to male mosquitoes.
The influence of dietary fish oil vs. sunflower oil on the fatty acid composition of plasma cholesteryl‐esters in healthy, adult cats
Authors: Plantinga E. A. , Beynen A. C. 
Published: November 2003

SummaryThe question addressed was whether the fatty acid composition of plasma cholesteryl esters (CEs) in cats reflects the intake of fatty acids. Diets containing either fish oil or sunflower oil were fed to six healthy, adult cats in a cross‐over trial. The dry cat foods contained approximately 18.5% crude fat, of which two‐third was in the form of the variable oil. Blood samples were collected at the end of each 4‐week feeding period, and the fatty acid composition of plasma CEs and plasma concentrations of lipoproteins were determined. Consumption of the diet with fish oil was associated with significantly greater proportions of eicosapentaenoic acid, arachidonic acid,α‐linolenic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid and myristic acid in plasma CEs. The intake of fish oil instead of sunflower oil reduced the percentage of linoleic acid in CEs. The plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, phospholipids and triglycerides were not affected by fish oil vs. sunflower oil feeding.
Evaluation of loss of heterozygosity before and after interferon therapy in patients with hepatitis C virus infection who developed hepatocellular carcinoma during follow up
Authors: SUZUKI SEIJI , KONDO YUTAKA , HIRASHIMA NOBORU , KATO HIDEAKI , SUGAUCHI FUMINAKA , TANAKA YASUHITO , ORITO ETSURO , YANG YING , SHEN YU , SAKAKIBARA KENJI , UEDA RYUZO , MIZOKAMI MASASHI 
Published: November 2003

AbstractBackground and Aim:  The aim of the present study was to determine whether evaluating the status of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) before interferon (IFN) therapy is predictive for development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis patients.Methods:  Eighteen patients with hepatitis C virus were studied, nine of whom developed HCC (HCC group) after IFN therapy and nine whom did not (non‐HCC group). Samples before IFN therapy from both groups (pre‐IFN‐N and pre‐IFN‐H samples from the non‐HCC and HCC groups, respectively) were analyzed for LOH using 12 microsatellite markers. To evaluate the LOH incidence in different steps in HCC patients, paired samples of cancerous tissue (CT) and adjacent non‐CT (ANCT) obtained from the HCC group were also analyzed.Results:  Frequency of LOH in the pre‐IFN‐H samples was significantly higher than that in the pre‐IFN‐N samples regardless of the response to IFN therapy. Interestingly, in the HCC group, there is no significant difference in the frequency of LOH among the pre‐IFN‐H, ANCT and CT samples.Conclusions:  The present results suggest the theory that genetic instability, such as LOH, had already accumulated at stages before the development of HCC. The authors propose that the status of LOH in chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis patients before IFN therapy could be a potential predictor for the development of HCC.
Morphology of step‐wise S–N curves depending on work‐hardened layer and humidity in a high‐strength steel
Authors: NAKAJIMA M. , TOKAJI K. , ITOGA H. , KO H.‐N. 
Published: November 2003

ABSTRACTThe present paper describes the effects of work‐hardened layer and humidity on the fatigue response of high strength steel, JIS SNCM439 (AISI4340). Tests were conducted in laboratory air and in dry air using cantilever‐type rotating bending fatigue testing machines. The dew point of dry air was −60 °C. Specimens with two different surface conditions were prepared, i.e., buff‐finished and electro‐polished specimens. In the buff‐finished specimens, a stepwise S–N curve was seen in both environments, but the transition stress below which subsurface crack initiation occurred shifted to a higher stress level in dry air than in laboratory air. In the electro‐polished specimens, stepwise S–N curve was not observed in laboratory air, but seen in dry air. At stress levels where cracks initiated at the surface, the fatigue lives of the electro‐polished specimens were shorter than those of the buff‐finished specimens. At stress levels where subsurface cracks initiated, the fatigue lives of both specimens were the same, irrespective of surface finishing condition and humidity.
‘But they aren't motivated …’ issues concerned with encouraging motivation for change in families
Authors: Kingston Philip 
Published: November 2003

This article is an attempt to provide some frameworks for understanding aspects of the context of families which support or constrain motivation for change. A theme of the entire paper is that ambivalence is normal and that it is therefore useful to regard families both as motivated to change and motivated to maintain stability. Part I focuses particularly upon family–referrer– therapist relationships and Part II upon family–therapist relationships. Part I begins with an exploration of the idea of motivation as a process and outlines the usefulness of the concept of ambivalence. Its main focus however is upon the importance of considering referrers when attempting to assess the motivation of family members for change.Part II considers the relationship between the family and the therapist and takes account of some important aspects of the contexts of both. It ends with a summary of some experiential exercises which enable one‘s personal understanding of motivation issues to develop.
Learning About Regionalism from Europe: ‘Economic Normalisation’ and Beyond
Authors: Gleeson Brendan 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThis paper critically analyses the European Union's regional policy framework and considers its implications for Australia's multi‐level governance system. The analysis is made with reference to the ‘new regionalist’ debates in Europe and North America that have asserted the importance of regional economic development in the context of globalisation. New regionalism's advocacy of ‘economic normalisation’ as a leading regional policy aim is critically evaluated against the EU policy experience. Conclusions about the adequacy of new regionalist claims are drawn for Australian policy debates.
Science Teacher Education: From a Fractured System to a Seamless Continuum
Authors: KAHLE JANE BUTLER , KRONEBUSCH MARIE 
Published: November 2003

AbstractA discrepancy model is used to describe an ideal state of science teacher education, including undergraduate education, initial years of teaching, and lifelong professional development. Next, a description of the actual state of science teacher education provides a stark contrast with the ideal state. However, research reveals promising programs and practices that indicate ways to move from the actual to the ideal state. All phases of the discrepancy model—ideal, actual, and transition—are based upon findings in the literature. The types of policies and guidelines needed to reach the ideal state are delineated also. Although the recommendations will not “fix” science teacher education, they will—if widely implemented by districts and states—aleviate its most serious problems.
Systemic Reform: Good Educational Practice with Positive Impacts and Unresolved Problems and Issues
Authors: ANDERSON BERNICE TAYLOR , BROWN COSTELLO L. , LOPEZ‐FERRAO JULIO 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThis article describes the National Science Foundation's systemic reform programming, including major accomplishments and barriers to systemic reform. The challenges of systemic reform and new directions for education reform are discussed. The focus in on the results and challenges of policies implemented by the systemic initiatives, namely the mandate for the alignment of standards, curriculum, instruction, and assessment with the implementation of a standards‐based K‐12 mathematics and science education program; increased science and mathematics requirements for high school graduation; the delivery of intensive, high‐quality professional development; and improvement in student achievement after three years of funding. A broader view of education reform in the future will require policymakers and educators to pay more attention to formulating mutually supportive policies across education, health, and social services; establishing fiscal policies that provide sufficient funding to ensure equitable outcomes; and revising accountability policies to facilitate rather than impede the reform efforts.
Die aktuellen IT-Systeme in der gynäkologischen Onkologie
Authors: Kupka M. S. , Richter O. , Tutschek B. 
Published: November 2003

ZusammenfassungTrotz der zunehmenden Integration von Informationstechnologie (IT) im Bereich der klinischen Medizin ist eine zufrieden stellende Funktionalität in der onkologischen Datenerfassung noch nicht erreicht worden. Obwohl zahlreiche Klassifizierungssysteme nutzbar sind, Vereinheitlichungen zur Basisdokumentation durchgeführt wurden und ein Krebsregistergesetz verabschiedet wurde, ist eine zur Perinatalerhebung äquivalente Organisationsstruktur noch nicht vorhanden. Hier sind Lösungen nicht so sehr im Bereich der technischen Möglichkeiten, sondern im Bereich der Gesundheitspolitik einschließlich der Finanzierungskonzepte zu suchen. Für die Qualitätssicherung in der gynäkologischen Onkologie ist eine einheitliche, zentral auswertbare Datenerhebung unerlässlich. Diese ist ohne moderne Werkzeuge der Informationstechnologie und ohne einen einheitlichen Datensatz nicht realisierbar.
Giant alatoform bivalves in the Upper Triassic of western North America
Authors: Yancey T. E. , Stanley, Jr G. D. 
Published: November 2003

ABSTRACT. Large, alatoform bivalves, Wallowaconcha raylenea gen. et sp. nov., from the Upper Triassic of north‐eastern Oregon, are described and placed in a new family, Wallowaconchidae, within the Megalodontoidea, which also contains the families Megalodontidae and Dicerocardiidae (herein transferred). Major character innovations of wallowaconchids are the internal partitioning of wings and development of non‐articulating thin vanes on the hingeplate. The wallowaconchid hinge, which changed during ontogeny, differs greatly from the hinge of other bivalves. Wallowaconchids probably evolved from a species of the megalodontid Triadomegalodon. Although wallowaconchids are homeomorphs of the alate Permian alatoconchid bivalves, hinge structure shows that these two groups are unrelated.Large wings on wallowaconchids were used for snowshoe support. They may have utilized elaborate vanes and wing chambers to culture microbial symbionts, either microalgae or bacteria. These bivalves are endemic to displaced island arc terranes in western North America, occurring in Yukon, Canada (Stikine terrane), Oregon, USA (Wallowa terrane), and Sonora, Mexico (Antimonio terrane). They occupied environmental niches similar to those of large megalodontid bivalves of Triassic tropical provinces.
Prevalence of respiratory symptoms among female flight attendants and teachers
Authors: Whelan E A , Lawson C C , Grajewski B , Petersen M R , Pinkerton L E , Ward E M , Schnorr T M 
Published: November 2003

Background:Potential health effects of the indoor environment in office buildings and aircraft have generated considerable concern in recent years.Aims:To analyse the prevalence of self reported respiratory symptoms and illnesses in flight attendants (FAs) and schoolteachers.Methods:Data were collected as part of a study of reproductive health among female FAs. The prevalences of work related eye, nose, and throat symptoms, wheezing, physician diagnosed asthma, chest illness, and cold or flu were calculated and stratified by smoking status in 1824 FAs and 331 schoolteachers.Results:FAs and teachers were significantly more likely to report work related eye (12.4% and 7.4 %, respectively), nose (15.7% and 8.1%), and throat symptoms (7.5% and 5.7%) than were other working women (2.9% eye, 2.7% nose, and 1.3% throat symptoms). FAs were significantly more likely than teachers and referent working women to report chest illness during the prior three years (32.9%, 19.3%, 7.2%, respectively). Both study groups were more likely to report five or more episodes of cold or flu in the past year than were other working women (10.2% of FAs, 8.2% of teachers, 2.3% of referents), and both groups were more likely to report wheezing than other working women (22.8% of FAs, 28.4% of teachers, 16.4% of referents). FAs were significantly less likely than teachers and other working women to report ever having been diagnosed with asthma (8.2%, 13.3%, 11.8%, respectively).Conclusions:Overall, FAs and schoolteachers report a higher prevalence of work related upper respiratory symptoms, chest illness, and cold or flu than the general working population.
Occupational exposure of midwives to nitrous oxide on delivery suites: Figure 1
Authors: Henderson K A , Matthews I P , Adisesh A , Hutchings A D 
Published: November 2003

Aims:To compare environmental and biological monitoring of midwives for nitrous oxide in a delivery suite environment.Methods:Environmental samples were taken over a period of four hours using passive diffusion tubes. Urine measurements were taken at the start of the shift and after four hours.Results:Environmental levels exceeded the legal occupational exposure standards for nitrous oxide (100 ppm over an 8 hour time weighted average) in 35 of 46 midwife shifts monitored. There was a high correlation between personal environmental concentrations and biological uptake of nitrous oxide for those midwives with no body burden of nitrous oxide at the start of a shift, but not for others.Conclusions:Greater engineering control measures are needed to reduce daily exposure to midwives to below the occupational exposure standard. Further investigation of the toxicokinetics of nitrous oxide is needed.
Advances in Dental Public Health
Authors: Holt Ruth D 
Published: November 2003

Dental public health has been defined as ‘the science and art of preventing oral diseases, promoting oral health and improving the quality of life through the organised efforts of society’.1 Dental practitioners most often have the oral health of individual patients as their primary focus but the aim of public health is to benefit populations.2 Early developments in dental public health were concerned largely with demonstrating levels of disease and with treatment services. With greater appreciation of the nature of oral health and disease, and of their determinants has come recognition of the need for wider public health action if the effects of prevention and oral health promotion are to be maximised.
“They don't want you to know the truth”: Evaluating predictors of beliefs in conspiracy theories
Authors: dos Reis Maria Isabela Caro Simões , Rabelo André , Pilati Ronaldo , Franco Vithor Rosa , de Almeida Manuela Flores , Iturri‐Angulo Natália , Rebouças Teresa Clara Joaquim 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis work aims to evaluate the predictive effect of Social Dominance Orientation, Need for Closure, Attitudes toward Math, Paranormal Beliefs, Religiosity, and Education over General Conspiracy Beliefs (GCB) and Conspiracy Mentality (CM). Two studies were conducted with Brazilian samples. In Study 1, a higher Educational Level and being a female were negatively associated with GCB. In Study 2, Paranormal Beliefs had a positive predictive relationship with CM, while greater Religiosity was associated with lower CM. Future studies should explore the effects of mediators in the relationships found in this study and provide a better conceptualization and operationalization of conspiracy beliefs.
Motivated reasoning and climate change: Comparing news sources, politicization, intensification, and qualification in denier versus believer subreddit comments
Authors: Areni Charles S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMotivated reasoning explains how climate change deniers can maintain their beliefs in the face of disconfirming evidence, suggesting that, compared to believers, the online comments of climate change deniers are more likely to (a) reference independent and social media websites advocating ideologically congruent positions, (b) politicize the issue, and (c) use intensifiers (e.g., definitely, undoubtedly). Automated text analysis of 156,844 comments from subreddit communities with opposing perspectives on climate change identified the internet domains associated with hyperlinks and the frequencies of political terms and intensifiers in user comments. Results were consistent with motivated reasoning by climate change deniers. In addition, climate change believers were more likely than deniers to use qualifiers in their comments.
Oxygen Self‐Supplied Nanoplatform for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy against Enterococcus Faecalis within Root Canals
Authors: Chen Jiawen , Zhang Hong , Zhao Tiancong , Yu Yiyan , Song Jiazhuo , Zhao Yuanhang , Alshawwa Hamed , Zou Xinying , Zhang Zhimin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe successful treatment of persistent and recurrent endodontic infections hinges upon the eradication of residual microorganisms within the root canal system, which urgently needs novel drugs to deliver potent yet gentle antimicrobial effects. Antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a promising tool for root canal infection management. Nevertheless, the hypoxic microenvironment within the root canal system significantly limits the efficacy of this treatment. Herein, a nanohybrid drug, Ce6/CaO2/ZIF‐8@polyethylenimine (PEI), is developed using a bottom‐up strategy to self‐supply oxygen for enhanced aPDT. PEI provides a positively charged surface, which enables precise targeting of bacteria. CaO2 reacts with H2O to generate O2, which alleviates the hypoxia in the root canal and serves as a substrate for Ce6 under 660 nm laser irradiation, leading to the successful eradication of planktonic Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and biofilm in vitro and, moreover, the effective elimination of mature E. faecalis biofilm in situ within the root canal system. This smart design offers a viable alternative for mitigating hypoxia within the root canal system to overcome the restricted efficacy of photosensitizers, providing an exciting prospect for the clinical management of persistent endodontic infection.
Sticky and Strain‐Gradient Artificial Epineurium for Sutureless Nerve Repair in Rodents and Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Seong Duhwan , Choi Yeonsun , Choi In Cheul , Lee Jaebeom , Choi Jae Hyuk , Park Ji Hun , Nam Jae Jun , Ju Jaewon , Ryoo Hyun Jae , Kwak Donghee , Lee Joonyeol , Kim Seong‐Gi , Kim Dong Hwee , Park Jong Woong , Shin Mikyung , Son Donghee 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe need for the development of soft materials capable of stably adhering to nerve tissues without any suturing followed by additional damages is at the fore at a time when success in postoperative recovery depends largely on the surgical experience and/or specialized microsuturing skills of the surgeon. Despite fully recognizing such prerequisite conditions, designing the materials with robust adhesion to wet nerves as well as acute/chronic anti‐inflammation remains to be resolved. Herein, a sticky and strain‐gradient artificial epineurium (SSGAE) that overcomes the most critically challenging aspect for realizing sutureless repair of severely injured nerves is presented. In this regard, the SSGAE with a skin‐inspired hierarchical structure entailing strain‐gradient layers, anisotropic Janus layers including hydrophobic top and hydrophilic bottom surfaces, and synergistic self‐healing capabilities enables immediate and stable neurorrhaphy in both rodent and nonhuman primate models, indicating that the bioinspired materials strategy significantly contributes to translational medicine for effective peripheral nerve repair.
A Slug Flow Platform with Multiple Process Analytics Facilitates Flexible Reaction Optimization
Authors: Wagner Florian , Sagmeister Peter , Jusner Clemens E. , Tampone Thomas G. , Manee Vidhyadhar , Buono Frederic G. , Williams Jason D. , Kappe C. Oliver 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFlow processing offers many opportunities to optimize reactions in a rapid and automated manner, yet often requires relatively large quantities of input materials. To combat this, the use of a flexible slug flow reactor, equipped with two analytical instruments, for low‐volume optimization experiments are reported. A Buchwald–Hartwig amination toward the drug olanzapine, with 6 independent optimizable variables, is optimized using three different automated approaches: self‐optimization, design of experiments, and kinetic modeling. These approaches are complementary and provide differing information on the reaction: pareto optimal operating points, response surface models, and mechanistic models, respectively. The results are achieved using <10% of the material that would be required for standard flow operation. Finally, a chemometric model is built utilizing automated data handling and three subsequent validation experiments demonstrate good agreement between the slug flow reactor and a standard (larger scale) flow reactor.
Does the reference period matter when evaluating the effect of SNAP on food insecurity?
Authors: Heflin Colleen , Ziliak James P. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSupplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is the cornerstone food assistance program in the United States and has been shown to reduce the risk of food insecurity. Most research on the causal effect of SNAP on food insecurity relies on the 12‐month food insecurity scale along with usage of SNAP at any point during the year. However, recent social surveys ask about experiences with food insecurity in the 30 days prior to the survey. In this paper, we examine whether similar protective effects of SNAP against food insecurity are obtained whether using the 30‐day or 12‐month food insecurity scale using the December Supplement of the Current Population Survey for 2002–2019. Results indicate comparable average treatment effects of SNAP in mitigating food insecurity across both 30‐day and 12‐month reference periods.