bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Dropout Among Psychosomatic Rehabilitation Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Secondary Analysis of a Longitudinal Study of Digital Training
Authors: Gao Lingling , Keller Franziska Maria , Becker Petra , Dahmen Alina , Lippke Sonia 
Published: October 2023

Background
High dropout rates are a common problem reported in web-based studies. Understanding which risk factors interrelate with dropping out from the studies provides the option to prevent dropout by tailoring effective strategies.

Objective
This study aims to contribute an understanding of the predictors of web-based study dropout among psychosomatic rehabilitation patients. We investigated whether sociodemographics, voluntary interventions, physical and mental health, digital use for health and rehabilitation, and COVID-19 pandemic–related variables determine study dropout.

Methods
Patients (N=2155) recruited from 4 psychosomatic rehabilitation clinics in Germany filled in a web-based questionnaire at T1, which was before their rehabilitation stay. Approximately half of the patients (1082/2155, 50.21%) dropped out at T2, which was after the rehabilitation stay, before and during which 3 voluntary digital trainings were provided to them. According to the number of trainings that the patients participated in, they were categorized into a comparison group or 1 of 3 intervention groups. Chi-square tests were performed to examine the differences between dropout patients and retained patients in terms of sociodemographic variables and to compare the dropout rate differences between the comparison and intervention groups. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess what factors were related to study dropout.

Results
The comparison group had the highest dropout rate of 68.4% (173/253) compared with the intervention groups’ dropout rates of 47.98% (749/1561), 50% (96/192), and 42.9% (64/149). Patients with a diagnosis of combined anxiety and depressive disorder had the highest dropout rate of 64% (47/74). Younger patients (those aged <50 y) and patients who were less educated were more likely to drop out of the study. Patients who used health-related apps and the internet less were more likely to drop out of the study. Patients who remained in their jobs and patients who were infected by COVID-19 were more likely to drop out of the study.

Conclusions
This study investigated the predictors of dropout in web-based studies. Different factors such as patient sociodemographics, physical and mental health, digital use, COVID-19 pandemic correlates, and study design can correlate with the dropout rate. For web-based studies with a focus on mental health, it is suggested to consider these possible dropout predictors and take appropriate steps to help patients with a high risk of dropping out overcome difficulties in completing the study.
Clinical Decision Support System for All Stages of Gastric Carcinogenesis in Real-Time Endoscopy: Model Establishment and Validation Study
Authors: Gong Eun Jeong , Bang Chang Seok , Lee Jae Jun , Jeong Hae Min , Baik Gwang Ho , Jeong Jae Hoon , Dick Sigmund , Lee Gi Hun 
Published: October 2023

Background
Our research group previously established a deep-learning–based clinical decision support system (CDSS) for real-time endoscopy-based detection and classification of gastric neoplasms. However, preneoplastic conditions, such as atrophy and intestinal metaplasia (IM) were not taken into account, and there is no established model that classifies all stages of gastric carcinogenesis.

Objective
This study aims to build and validate a CDSS for real-time endoscopy for all stages of gastric carcinogenesis, including atrophy and IM.

Methods
A total of 11,868 endoscopic images were used for training and internal testing. The primary outcomes were lesion classification accuracy (6 classes: advanced gastric cancer, early gastric cancer, dysplasia, atrophy, IM, and normal) and atrophy and IM lesion segmentation rates for the segmentation model. The following tests were carried out to validate the performance of lesion classification accuracy: (1) external testing using 1282 images from another institution and (2) evaluation of the classification accuracy of atrophy and IM in real-world procedures in a prospective manner. To estimate the clinical utility, 2 experienced endoscopists were invited to perform a blind test with the same data set. A CDSS was constructed by combining the established 6-class lesion classification model and the preneoplastic lesion segmentation model with the previously established lesion detection model.

Results
The overall lesion classification accuracy (95% CI) was 90.3% (89%-91.6%) in the internal test. For the performance validation, the CDSS achieved 85.3% (83.4%-97.2%) overall accuracy. The per-class external test accuracies for atrophy and IM were 95.3% (92.6%-98%) and 89.3% (85.4%-93.2%), respectively. CDSS-assisted endoscopy showed an accuracy of 92.1% (88.8%-95.4%) for atrophy and 95.5% (92%-99%) for IM in the real-world application of 522 consecutive screening endoscopies. There was no significant difference in the overall accuracy between the invited endoscopists and established CDSS in the prospective real-clinic evaluation (P=.23). The CDSS demonstrated a segmentation rate of 93.4% (95% CI 92.4%-94.4%) for atrophy or IM lesion segmentation in the internal testing.

Conclusions
The CDSS achieved high performance in terms of computer-aided diagnosis of all stages of gastric carcinogenesis and demonstrated real-world application potential.
Effects of Steady Glucose Concentration Peritoneal Dialysis on Ultrafiltration Volume and Sodium Removal
Authors: Heimbürger Olof , Hegbrant Jörgen , Martus Giedre , Wilkie Martin , De Leon Charlotte , Carlsson Ola , Johansson Ann-Cathrine 
Published: October 2023

Background
Volume overload is common in patients treated with peritoneal dialysis (PD) and is associated with poor clinical outcome. Steady concentration PD is where a continuous glucose infusion maintains the intraperitoneal glucose concentration and as a result provides continuous ultrafiltration throughout the dwell. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the ultrafiltration rate and glucose ultrafiltration efficiency for steady concentration PD in comparison with a standard continuous ambulatory PD (CAPD) dwell, using the novel Carry Life UF device.

Methods
Eight stable patients treated with PD (six fast and two fast average transporters) were investigated four times: a standard 4-hour CAPD dwell with 2 L of 2.5% dextrose solution as control and three 5-hour steady concentration PD treatments (glucose dose 11, 14, 20 g/h, initial fill 1.5 L of 1.5% dextrose solution). All investigations were preceded by an overnight 2 L 7.5% icodextrin dwell.

Results
Intraperitoneal glucose concentration increased during the first 1–2 hours of the steady concentration PD treatments and remained stable thereafter. Ultrafiltration rates were significantly higher with steady concentration PD treatments (124±49, 146±63, and 168±78 mL/h with 11, 14, and 20 g/h, respectively, versus 40±60 mL/h with the control dwell). Sodium removal and glucose ultrafiltration efficiency (ultrafiltration volume/gram glucose uptake) were significantly higher with steady concentration PD treatments versus the control dwell, where the 11 g/h glucose dose was most efficient.

Conclusions
Steady concentration PD performed with the Carry Life UF device resulted in higher ultrafiltration rates, more efficient use of glucose (increased ultrafiltration volume/gram glucose absorbed), and greater sodium removal compared with a standard 2.5% dextrose CAPD dwell.

Clinical Trial registry name and registration number
A Performance Analysis of the Peritoneal Ultrafiltration (PUF) Achieved With the Carry Life® UF, NCT03724682.
Surgical and Audiological outcomes of Wet versus Dry	Temporalis	Fascia	Graft	in	Type	1 Tympanoplasty
Authors: Hussain Othman Hemn , Asaad Abdulkareem Hiwa 
Published: October 2023

Objectives: Evaluate the surgical success and postoperative hearing outcome of type 1 tympanoplasty using temporalis fascia graft in its wet versus its dry fashion.
Methods: A prospective randomized comparative study which was conducted in Sulaimanyah otorhinolaryngology & head and neck surgery centre between October 2018 and November 2019 on patients with sign and symptom of tympanic membrane perforation who underwent type1 tympanoplasty in 2 groups in whom wet graft used in one group, and dry graft used in the other group, these patient followed up after 3 month for graft take and postoperative hearing.
Results: Of the 29 patients included in the study in 15 of them dry graft used and the graft take was 86.7% and in 14 of the wet graft used and the take rate was78.6%, postoperative mean hearing gain was 14.07 dB in the dry graft group and 12 dB in the wet graft group, all cases in both group had improvement in hearing (P value= 0.001), but neither wet nor dry was better than the other (P value=0.345). Graft take and hearing gain in different site and size of perforations were not significant, graft take rate was 100% in small size and 50% in subtotal perforation, hearing gain was 14.50 dB for subtotal perforation and 9.50 dB in small size perforation, mean time of wet graft group with 75.36 minutes were shorter significantly than the dry graft with 95 minutes with (P value=0.001).
Conclusion: The Nature of the temporalis fascia not affect the outcome type 1 tympanoplasty, and temporalis fascia is a good graft material regarding the success rate and hearing gain, however the wet Temporalis fascia graft use may shorten the operation time.
Epidemiology Of Neonatal Jaundice In Tikrit City: According to Neonatal Risk Factors ,2022-2023
Authors: Salih M. Al-Jiboury Firdous , Ahmed Salman Abid , R Sarhat Ashoor 
Published: October 2023

Background:- Neonatal jaundice is a common cause of early life admission to neonatal care unite . High rate of neonatal jaundice is physiological type that need conservative management and follow up to prevent lethal complications . A low rate of neonatal jaundice is pathological type that need treatment of the underlying causes and follow up.
Patients and Methods:- The current study was a cross sectional study involved 312 neonates (204 of them with jaundice and 108 without jaundice ) ,attending Salahaddin General hospital from 1 st October 2022 to 30th January 2023. The Study sample was convenient . Jaundiced and Non-jaundiced neonates were enrolled into the study when they enter the wards of paediatrics and neonatal intensive care unites in Salahaddin General Hospital and those visits outpatient clinics of pediatricians and the general population during a free neonatal jaundice screening campaign in Tikrit City.
Results:- The prevalence of neonatal jaundice is (9.2%). The most frequent cases was having total serum bilirubin(TSB) level ≤18 milligram/dc liter(mg\dl) (84.8%).The mean ±standard deviation (SD) of hyperbilirubinemia level is (15 ± 3.366 mg\dl ) and the high TSB level was reported among male gender(58.3%).The percent of preterm babies was (33.3%) of total sample .The most cases had normal weight (66.7%) at time of delivery ,mean ±SD of weight is (2698.5±693.54gram) and had no bruises or hematoma as cephalohematoma (89.2%).There was no blood diseases in about (72.5%) of total sample and no history of infection in (68.1%) of cases. The most frequent methods of feeding was breast feeding (39.7%). Regarding to time of appearance of jaundice, the most frequent cases were among those with age group (≤5 days )(89.7%) .The mean±SD for age of neonate at time of admission is (6.2±3.6 day).Blood group incompatibility(ABO incompatibility) was found in (60.8%) of cases with TSB level ≤18 mg/dl and (11.3%) of cases of TSB level <18 mg\dl . While Rhesus incompatibility(Rh incompatibility) was found in (13.2%) of cases with TSB level ≤18 mg/dl .
Conclusion:-The study revealed that a prevalence of neonatal jaundice is (9.2%) in Tikrit City. The most frequent cases were those with age group (≤5 days ) at time of appearance of jaundice (89.7%). The cases that had blood disease were (72.5%) with significant difference and The most recurrent cases were full term babies (66.7%) ,while preterm babies (33.3%). The most frequent cases of neonatal jaundice according to TSB≤18 mg/dl was among those with ABO incompatibility (60.8%) and Rh compatibility (71.6%).
The impact of depression Level among elderly residents in nursing home and community: A comparative study
Authors: Yehya abed zead Walaa , Kareem khadir Ali 
Published: October 2023

The percentage of the elderly is expected to nearly double, from 12% to 22%, between 2015 and 2050 due to the rapid aging of the global population. All told, this means that increase the elderly people over the age of 60 to 2 billion from 900 million. Therefore, it is anticipated that older individuals may experience particular physical and mental health issues this study was done to examine the impact of elderly people's levels of depression and to Compare the level of depression among elderly people living with their families and elderly resident in nursing homes.
A comparative study non-probability sampling strategy was used choose a judgmental sample of 125 elderly who residents in nursing home and community by using of questionnaire composed of three part: part I demographic characteristic part II, UCLA loneliness scale part III geriatric depression scale, data is analyzed using descriptive statistical data analysis.
The results of the study indicated that elderly in nursing home and community show moderate level of depression study reveals that elderly people at nursing home have higher level of depression than those in community as indicated by with a p-value of.001
The study conculcated by Providing social and health programs to support the elderly, as well as conducting awareness sessions for caregivers and families on how to take care of the elderly residing in the nursing home or residing with their families
Digital lean phenotyping methods in the context of wheat variety testing – the cases of canopy temperature and phenology
Authors: Treier Simon , Roth Lukas , Hund Andreas , Kirchgessner Norbert , Aasen Helge , Walter Achim , Herrera Juan M. 
Published: October 2023

Plant phenotyping plays a crucial part in the development of new crop
genotypes. In this study, the applicability of relatively simple
commercially available digital phenotyping devices was tested and
improved in the context of wheat variety testing. Aerial thermography is
used to evaluate the performance of genotypes by measuring canopy
temperature (CT). Because lightweight thermal cameras for drones are
prone to significant thermal drift effects due to a lack of a signal
stabilizing cooling, we propose a new approach to analyze drone based
thermal images. Through the inclusion of covariates such as trigger
timing and the position of the drone relative to measured plots,
temporal trends and viewing-geometry related effects could be mitigated,
which improved the CT measurements. Correlations between measurements on
270 experimental wheat plots taken within 20 min were very strong (R =
0.99) and highly genotype specific with generalized heritabilities
> 0.95 in many cases. In a second experiment, autonomous
PhenoCams mounted on poles 12 m above the field were evaluated for their
suitability to track main phenological stages and senescence as a
replacement for time consuming manual field scorings. Senescence and
maturity of wheat could be tracked reliably in the field for three
subsequent seasons with strong correlations between field-scorings and
image-based estimates (R > 0.8). For emergence and heading,
achieved correlations were poor. Both experiments demonstrated how
image-based phenotyping with a comparably simple setup can be used to
derive high quality data relevant in the evaluation of the performance
of wheat genotypes in the field.
Corporate Monitoring and Misreporting: The Role of Rules-Based and Principles-Based Accounting Standards
Authors: Fang Li , Pittman Jeffrey , Zhang Yinqi , Zhao Yuping 
Published: October 2023

SUMMARY
Prior research provides some evidence that strict corporate monitoring constrains financial misreporting. We examine whether the efficacy of various corporate monitoring mechanisms hinges on the nature of accounting standards—rules-based standards (RBS) versus principles-based standards (PBS)—in place. We generally document that the negative association between the likelihood of misstatements and tough monitoring by audit committees, boards, external auditors, and the SEC is more pronounced under RBS than under PBS. This evidence collectively suggests that most corporate gatekeepers fulfill their monitoring obligations primarily through ensuring better compliance with detailed standards when the applicable standards are more specific and leave less room for discretion. Although some prior studies document higher financial reporting quality under PBS, our results imply that it is important for regulators to also consider the potentially higher monitoring efficacy under RBS when setting accounting standards.
Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.
JEL Classifications: M40; M42.
Self-Interest or Public Interest: The Role of Incentive Schemes in Public Sector Employees’ Decisions
Authors: Akinyele Kazeem O. , Demek Kristina C. , Tian Yu 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Changes in public sector management systems have resulted in public sector organizations adopting business models similar to private corporations. Using two experiments that vary in the service quality provided to public sector constituents, this study examines how different incentive schemes impact public sector employees’ decision-making. We find that performance-based incentive schemes in the public sector increase employees’ self-interest and lead them to focus more on maximizing their personal wealth (which is aligned with organizational economic efficiency) at the expense of service quality to public sector constituents (i.e., public interest). However, we also find that employees’ decisions are more focused on service quality and less on wealth maximization when their decisions may negatively impact public sector constituents. Overall, we find that employees who receive fixed compensation are more likely to consider how their decisions impact public service quality and are less likely to focus on personal wealth maximization.
JEL Classifications: H11; L33; M21; M41.
Impact of Blockchain on Improving Taxpayers’ Compliance: Empirical Evidence from Panel Data Model and Agent-Based Simulation
Authors: Lee Eugene Y. , Leeroy Gordon C. , Leeroy Wesley 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of blockchain technology on taxpayer compliance among U.S. taxpayers, using it as a case study. It aims to explore the critical factors affecting blockchain technology applications in tax compliance systems. We first utilized a panel data model to establish empirical parameters linking audit intensity and qualification rates of Internal Revenue Service (IRS) tax returns. We then applied these parameters to an agent-based simulation model powered by artificial intelligence. We showed that integrating blockchain technology can effectively address noncooperative behavior and reduce the tax gap. Moreover, we identified two key factors—the improvement of the IRS’s efficiency and increased punishment—that can accelerate the development of blockchain technology in the tax compliance system. Our research adds to the existing literature on applications of agent-based simulation models in tax compliance systems and provides policy implications for promoting the use of blockchain technology.
Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.
Do CDP’s Disclosure Requests Constitute Selective Disclosures?
Authors: Martin Xiumin 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
As the awareness of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues increases, many data vendors have emerged to meet society’s demand for ESG information. Among many roles that CDP plays, an important one is to serve as an information intermediary facilitating the communication between companies and their stakeholders. This study discusses the practices at CDP intended to enhance firm disclosure of ESG information by focusing on its disclosure request policy. It raises the concern that such practice might constitute selective disclosures of material information, thereby violating Regulation Fair Disclosure.
JEL Classifications: M14; M41; M48.
Corporate Tax Benefits from Hometown-Connected Politicians
Authors: Cao Chunfang , Cheng C. S. Agnes , Xia Changyuan , Xie Jing , Zeng Cheng 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
This study examines whether politicians exhibit hometown favoritism in assigning preferential corporate income tax rates. We find that firms with hometown connections to incumbent provincial leaders experience favorable tax treatment. This effect is more pronounced when those leaders have strong hometown preferences and weaker when they have a strong incentive to seek promotion, suggesting that social incentives are the primary drivers of the effects on corporate tax benefits of hometown favoritism by politicians. Moreover, this effect is intensified when members of senior management have personal connections with the provincial leader. The mechanism test reveals that the provincial governments tend to qualify connected firms for preferential tax policies under their jurisdictions. Overall, our results suggest that hometown favoritism by politicians promotes tax benefits for business entities.
Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.
JEL Classification: H26; H71; M48.
Fair Value of Earnouts: Valuation Uncertainty or Managerial Opportunism?
Authors: Ferguson Andrew , Hu Cecilia Wei , Lam Peter 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
This study investigates the economic consequences of the IFRS 3 (2008) requirement for fair valuing earnouts. Using a hand-collected sample of earnout fair value estimates in acquisitions completed by Australian firms, we find that a significant portion of acquirers overstate initial earnout liabilities and strategically reverse them as operating gains to boost post-M&A earnings. These overstatements are more pronounced when acquirers face investment- and performance-related pressure but attenuated in the presence of high-quality auditors and debt-financed deals. Acquirers also obfuscate earnout-related disclosures, inhibiting investors’ assessment of earnout values. By doing so, managers extend their tenure. Further analysis reveals that IFRS 3 (2008) leads to a significant increase in both the frequency and magnitude of earnouts in public acquirers’ transactions. Overall, we highlight the accounting benefit of earnouts for acquirers under IFRS 3 (2008), with implications for investors, analysts, auditors, and standard setters.
Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.
JEL Classifications: G34; M41.