bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Quantum Hall Effect
Authors: Imry Yoseph 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
INTRODUCTION
While the quantum Hall effect (QHE) is almost a macroscopic phenomenon (except that it occurs for 2D electrons), its physics has much in common with many aspects of mesoscopic physics. The quantized Hall current is very similar to a persistent current over large length-scales, and many other considerations are related as well. Thus, we devote this chapter to the QHE. Small-size effects on the QHE will be an interesting research direction.
Let us consider magnetotransport in a 2D electronic system. The elementary Drude result for the resistivity tensor p, giving the fields in terms of the current densities as
Lesslie Newbigin
Authors: Wainwright Geoffrey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book offers an intellectual and spiritual biography of Lesslie Newbigin, a figure of patristic proportions in the twentieth-century history of the Church. Drawing on thirty-five years of personal and literary acquaintance with his subject and on a thorough examination of the Newbigin archives, Geoffrey Wainwright crafts a rich and varied portrait of this outstanding witness to the Gospel.
Downsizing and Employment Insecurity
Authors: Cappelli Peter , Bassi Laurie , Katz Harry , Knoke David , Osterman Paul , Useem Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Since the early 1980s, U.S. employers have been downsizing their organizations in an effort to make them more competitive. Most alarming, particularly for employees’ job security concerns, is the fact that downsizing has occurred even among blue-chip companies such as IBM, Xerox, Procter and Gamble, Kodak, and Citicorp. Everyone, worker and manager alike, appears to be vulnerable to the risk of downsizing, regardless of industrial sector or the size of the company. While companies clearly cannot keep cutting their workforces forever, the restructuring trends noted in chapter 1 and the expansion of contingent work and other trends described in this chapter portend long-term changes in the concept of job security in the United States. This chapter reviews how downsizing has extended its reach beyond the traditional blue-collar and manufacturing workforces. What has not changed are the large income losses that are suffered by many who are downsized, and so we also examine the extent of those losses.
Work Organization
Authors: Cappelli Peter , Bassi Laurie , Katz Harry , Knoke David , Osterman Paul , Useem Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Earlier chapters in this book have identified the pressures on U.S. businesses that are leading companies to reconsider their structure. These pressures have not only led to turmoil at the top; they have also led to efforts to reorganize how work is done throughout the organization. Giving impetus to this reconsideration are observations that much of the success of international competitors compared to U.S. businesses seems linked to how those competitors organize and motivate their workforce. The need to respond to these pressures has led to both change and confusion. Many workers have been empowered to play a greater role in designing their jobs and in dealing with customers and suppliers. These employees are often better trained and more highly motivated than their peers in the past, but there is another side to these transformations.
Implications for Policy: A “Skills Gap”?
Authors: Cappelli Peter , Bassi Laurie , Katz Harry , Knoke David , Osterman Paul , Useem Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The previous chapters in this volume have considered the forces that have driven the restructuring of employment relations and the characteristics of the new system as it is evolving. One of the more important questions raised so far is whether restructuring has changed what jobs require in ways that the workforce will find hard to meet. Is there a mismatch between what jobs will require and the skills available in the labor market? The notion that such an imbalance may lie ahead for the U.S. economy has been an important part of recent public policy debates. Assessing the likelihood of a skills gap begins with understanding what we know about how jobs are changing and how the skills of the workforce are developing.
The Effect of Restructuring on Employees
Authors: Cappelli Peter , Bassi Laurie , Katz Harry , Knoke David , Osterman Paul , Useem Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The focus of this chapter is the important question of how the restructuring of employer-employee relations that has been occurring throughout the U.S. labor market is affecting employees. At least in the short run, it seems that employees are bearing many of the adjustment costs associated with restructuring. The problem facing those who wish to examine the consequences of restructuring for employees is the great difficulty of securing information specifically about employees in organizations that have undergone restructuring or related changes. As a result, we must often rely on data drawn from the labor force as a whole. The difficulty with generic labor force data is that they may understate the consequences of changing employment practices on employees because only a part of the labor force is in companies that have made these changes. The kind of organizational restructuring, downsizings, work reform, and training programs described in the earlier chapters of this book are mainly features of larger organizations. Smith (1988) calculates, for example, that the kind of job evaluation systems that were integral to internal labor markets are not cost effective in organizations with fewer than about 500 employees. Yet the majority of the U.S. labor force works in establishments of fewer than fifty employees, often with very informal structures and arrangements that could not be restructured in the manner described in earlier chapters.
Conclusions
Authors: Cappelli Peter , Bassi Laurie , Katz Harry , Knoke David , Osterman Paul , Useem Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The changes in employee relations described throughout this volume were caused in large measure by pressures on employers to restructure themselves, pressures that are massive and appear unlikely to go away. Comparisons with the private sector are pushing restructuring into new areas, such as government and the nonprofit sector, where competitive pressures are clearly different. It is doubtful that any sector of the economy will escape unchanged. A thumbnail sketch of the changes described in the earlier chapters of this book includes sharp moves toward downsizing and growth of a contingent workforce; redesign of tasks and work systems that both make greater demands on employees and allow them opportunities for more meaningful work; and training arrangements that distribute opportunities for learning skills in an unbalanced manner, contributing to unequal outcomes in the labor market. The sharp decline in labor market opportunities for men in recent years, especially for those with little education, is perhaps the most important political development of our era. It lies behind not only the broad-based attacks on redistributive programs such as affirmative action but more general trends, such as efforts to reduce tax burdens and the programs they fund.
Ideological Strategies and the Politics of Nostalgia
Authors: Mccutcheon Russell T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter and chapter 2 open this discursive and political reading of the function and implications of exclusionary practices within the study of religion by examining the politically charged nature of Eliade’s scholarly writings and theories and their status as representative of much of the modern discourse. This analysis assists in identifying the sometimes intimate, yet often occluded, relations between theoretical assumptions and politics, and how such relations can evade detection. In general, I follow Armin Geertz and Jeppe Sinding Jensen (1991) in terming this ideological position the politics of nostalgia. Chapter 3 departs from an analysis of Eliade’s work and instead surveys the literature on his political past and its possible connections to his later academic work. The purpose of this chapter is to identify and critique the related exclusionary strategies employed by scholars to defend both Eliade himself and, by extension, the wider academic discourse on religion from participation in a complex web of contextual factors. Accordingly, these opening chapters suggest that the work of Eliade as well as his contemporary defenders constitute just two of a number of discursive sites in need of critique.
The Debate on the Autonomy of Eliade
Authors: Mccutcheon Russell T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Because this project has to do, in part, with applying tools from literary critical studies, ideology critique, and the sociology of knowledge to the modern academic study of religion, it is fitting to shift our attention from Eliade’s work to a wider, related site in the discourse on sui generis religion: scholarship on Eliade. Regardless of what this debate contributes to current and accurate knowledge of Eliade’s actual allegiances and motivations, it is precisely here that one can best witness the contemporary clash between two divergent approaches to the role played by the wider social and political world in the works of scholars of religion.
Institutional Identity and the Significance of Theory
Authors: Mccutcheon Russell T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
So far, I have been largely critical of not only the theoretical foundations and methodologies of the dominant discourse in the study of religion but also its unacknowledged, even disguised, sociopolitical implications. Moving outward from the work of Mircea Eliade, I have critically examined the ideological nature of some common representational strategies that scholars of religion employ in a wide range of discursive sites—strategies that constructed a place for the study of religion by institutionalizing a language of essences that simultaneously disguised its own historical trace. In each case, we found not only the same suspect strategies that serve to isolate and privilege the scholarly as well as the sociopolitical and cultural authority of the scholar of sui generis religion but also a clearly delineated, if marginalized, oppositional discourse.
Introduction
Authors: Tweed Thomas A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A small sign in Spanish—Ermita de la Caridad—announces the location of a shrine in Miami that rests on Biscayne Bay just south of the downtown skyscrapers. The conical shrine dedicated to the patroness of Cuba, Our Lady of Charity, sits several hundred yards from the road that leads to the downtown area (figure 1). Most non-Latino residents do not know it exists, yet it is the sacred center of the Cuban Catholic community in exile. It was dedicated on 2 December 1973, and it has attracted increasing numbers of visitors since then, the majority of them mature, middle-class whites of Cuban descent. By the 1990s, it had become the sixth largest Catholic pilgrimage site in the United States, annually attracting hundreds of thousands of pilgrims. In this book I analyze devotion to Our Lady of Charity at this urban shrine.
Diverse Devotees, Plural Practices, and Multiple Meanings
Authors: Tweed Thomas A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It was a perfect Monday afternoon in February, the sun gleaming off the shrine’s copper roof—one of those days that had lured so many tourists and migrants to this city earlier in the century. But the perfect weather did not draw Manuel and his daughter Yvonne that weekday in 1992. The Virgin did, although it took me some time to discover that since I first encountered the twenty-four-year-old daughter. Dressed in stylish shorts and an elegant blouse, Yvonne was leaning against a white convertible in the parking lot as I approached. We spoke for a little longer than twenty minutes, but still I was puzzled. She confessed to a complete lack of piety, but that made her presence at the shrine inexplicable. Why was she there? It turned out, I soon learned, that she was waiting—not very patiently—for her father, a dark-haired white man of Cuban descent. As he walked down the front steps and toward where I stood at the edge of the parking lot, I noticed his fashionable clothes and expensive shoes. This, I thought to myself, was why some scholars of immigration have celebrated Cubans as the “golden exiles.” As he confirmed when we spoke, Manuel had done well since he arrived as a twenty-one-year-old. He had come from Oriente province with the first (and most elite) wave of Cuban migrants in 1961. But that was not all that was on his mind that day. As he fought back tears, he told me that he had flown from Los Angeles to fulfill a vow he made to Our Lady of Charity. His intense devotion to the Virgin had begun as a child, nurtured in a town just three municipalities north of the main shrine in Cobre, one that adjoined the Bay where the three laborers had found the original statue. It was natural, then, that he turned to Our Lady of Charity when family trouble started. “I had some kind of problem with her;’ Manuel explained as he pointed to his distracted daughter, who by that time had turned on the rental car’s radio to pass the time. Before and after I met Manuel, many other visitors cried as we talked at the shrine, but he was as emotional as any. Finally, he began to weep and asked to stop the interview. I never discovered his daughter’s “problem.” Whatever the problem, the Virgin had resolved it.
Shadows of the Mind
Authors: Penrose Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A New York Times bestseller when it appeared in 1989, Roger Penrose’s The Emperor’s New Mind was universally hailed as a marvelous survey of modern physics as well as a brilliant reflection on the human mind, offering a new perspective on the scientific landscape and a visionary glimpse of the possible future of science. Now, in Shadows of the Mind, Penrose offers another exhilarating look at modern science as he mounts an even more powerful attack on artificial intelligence. But perhaps more important, in this volume he points the way to a new science, one that may eventually explain the physical basis of the human mind. Penrose contends that some aspects of the human mind lie beyond computation. This is not a religious argument (that the mind is something other than physical) nor is it based on the brain’s vast complexity (the weather is immensely complex, says Penrose, but it is still a computable thing, at least in theory). Instead, he provides powerful arguments to support his conclusion that there is something in the conscious activity of the brain that transcends computation--and will find no explanation in terms of present-day science. To illuminate what he believes this “something” might be, and to suggest where a new physics must proceed so that we may understand it, Penrose cuts a wide swathe through modern science, providing penetrating looks at everything from Turing machines (computers programmed from artificial intelligence) to the implications of Godel’s theorem maintaining that conscious thinking must indeed involve ingredients that cannot adequately be stimulated by mere computation. Of particular interest is Penrose’s extensive examination of quantum mechanics, which introduces some new ideas that differ markedly from those advanced in The Emperor’s New Mind, especially concerning the mysterious interface where classical and quantum physics meet. But perhaps the most interesting wrinkle in Shadows of the Mind is Penrose’s excursion into microbiology, where he examines cytoskeletons and microtubules, minute substructures lying deep within the brain’s neurons. (He argues that microtubules--not neurons--may indeed be the basic units of the brain, which, if nothing else, would dramatically increase the brain’s computational power.) Furthermore, he contends that in consciousness some kind of global quantum state must take place across large areas of the brain, and that it within microtubules that these collective quantum effects are most likely to reside. For physics to accommodate something that is as foreign to our current physical picture as is the phenomenon of consciousness, we must expect a profound change--one that alters the very underpinnings of our philosophical viewpoint as to the nature of reality. Shadows of the Mind provides an illuminating look at where these profound changes may take place and what our future understanding of the world may be.
Prologue
Authors: Penrose Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Jessica Always felt slightly nervous when she entered this part of the cave. ‘Daddy? Suppose that great boulder fell down from where it’s wedged between those other rocks. Wouldn’t it block our way out, and we’d never, ever, ever get home again?’
‘It would, but it won‘t’, replied her father a little distractedly, and somewhat unnecessarily brusquely, as he seemed more interested in how his various plant samples were accustoming themselves to the dank and dark conditions in this, the most remote corner of the cave.
Does mind have a place in classical physics?
Authors: Penrose Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We—our bodies and our minds—are part of a universe that obeys, to an extraordinary accuracy, immensely subtle and broad-ranging mathematical laws. That our physical bodies are precisely constrained by these laws has become an accepted part of the modern scientific viewpoint. What about our minds? Many people find the suggestion deeply unsettling that our minds might also be constrained to act according to those same mathematical laws. Yet to have to draw a clean division between body and mind—the one being subject to the mathematical laws of physics and the other being allowed its own kind of freedom—would be unsettling in a different way. For our minds surely affect the ways in which our bodies act, and must also be influenced by the physical state of those same bodies. The very concept of a mind would appear to have little purpose if the mind were able neither to have some influence on the physical body nor to be influenced by it.
Introduction
Authors: Nesbitt Paula D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Anglican clergyman John Wesley, in the midst of developing his Methodist movement, urged one of his associates to halt women’s preaching in his circuit. “If it were suffered, it would grow, and we know not where it would end.”1 Implicit in Wesley’s words may have been an apprehension over power that women in influential positions might exert. Indeed, if women’s influence were to grow, where might it have ended? Whereas Wesley was quite concerned with women not holding authority over men, citing scriptural rationale (1 Tim. 2:12),2 perhaps Wesley and his men were also concerned with the possibility of losing control of their burgeoning religious movement, or the prospect of its lessened appeal to men should it be significantly associated with female leadership.
Tradition or Transformation
Authors: Nesbitt Paula D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Alexis de Tocqueville, observing America during the period of the Second Great Awakening, noted an intimate link between religious ideology and the political quest for liberty. Not unique to the United States, the interaction of religious belief and social formation has provided a powerful source of regulation in both economic and political realms, as well as reinforcement of the social arrangements that have given stability to our institutions. Religion also has provided the moral substance for confrontation, with traditionalism cast as antithesis to transformation. Over the past three decades, one need only look at the role of religious ideology in empowering people to seek secular change, nowhere more evident than the role of the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., and the black church during the civil rights movement. Other recent movements have been stirred by Latin American and feminist liberation theologies. Religious ideology also has supported the political efforts of groups seeking a different type of change-one that represents the reinstitution of tighter social regulation and control. Such a resurgent linkage between religious ideology and political activity utilized to define, delimit, and control human social relations is poignantly evident to women who have struggled against the strictures of scripture, doctrine, and tradition of their religious organizations-strictures that too often have circumscribed their participation in religious communities and in wider society.
Clergy in Two Religious Organizations
Authors: Nesbitt Paula D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
All major religious traditions that ordain clergy have specified at some point in their development that ordination is a rite belonging exclusively to males. Ordained leadership historically has served as an occupational anchor to tradition, responsible for writing, interpretation, and maintenance of scripture, doctrine, sacred ritual, or custom; for inspiring members to apply religious tenets to daily life; for encouraging members to commit themselves and their resources; for exhorting them to conform with the religious community; and for conserving and perpetuating religious heritage. Such responsibilities have helped men to organize and shape emergent religious movements into religious institutions.
Feminization and Backlash
Authors: Nesbitt Paula D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Of the challenges facing women clergy, one of the most frustrating has been the growing backlash against their presence in many religious organizations, as much through passive occupational restructuring as through overt resistance. Not uncommonly, occupational authority and socioeconomic rewards are restructured, either externally to other occupations or influential status groups or internally through occupational reconfiguration, job partitioning, or de-skilling of various jobs. Consequently, feminization has come to imply a set of symptomatic changes, mostly of an adverse socioeconomic or political nature, not only for men but particularly for women who either remain in the occupation or subsequently enter it.
And by his Word, I’ve put them to flight: Conclusion
Authors: Underwood T L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Baptists and Quakers have been set against a background of Puritan and Nonconformist tradition that showed interest in millenarianism, encouraged the re-creation of biblical experiences through dramatic imagination in the present, and, most important, stressed primitive Christianity as the model for faith and practice—”Quod premium id optimum,” Baxter declared. It is hoped that the paradigm of primitivism employed here will prove useful in the analysis of the life of other religious groups and perhaps of movements in secular spheres of human activity as well.
God Inside Out
Authors: Handelman Don , Shulman David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book offers a new exploration of the mythology of the Hindu god Siva, who spends his time playing dice with his wife, to whom he habitually loses. The result of the game is our world, which turns the god inside-out and changes his internal composition. Hindus maintain that Siva is perpetually absorbed in this game, which is recreated in innumerable stories, poems, paintings, and sculptural carvings. This notion of the god at play, arguee Handelman and Shulman, is one of the most central and expressive veins in the metaphysics elaborated through the centuries, in many idioms and modes, around the god. The book comprises three interlocking essays; the first presents the dice-game proper, in the light of the texts and visual depictions the authors have collected. The second and third chapters take up two mythic “sequels” to the game. Based on their analysis of these sequels, the authors argue that notions of “asceticism” so frequently associated with Siva, with Yoga, and with Hindu religion are, in fact, foreign to Hinduism’s inherent logic as reflected in Siva’s game of dice. They suggest an alternative reading of this set of practices and ideas, providing startling new insights into Hindu mythology and the major poetic texts from the classical Sanskrit tradition.