bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COATED GLASS MICROSPHERES IN ERF APPLICATIONS
Authors: STIPANOVIC ARTHUR J. 
Published: January 2005

ER fluids (ERFs) typically consist of a concentrated dispersion of solid particles in a non-conducting base fluid. As a result, particle sedimentation represents a significant problem for many formulations since, in most cases, the particulate phase is of higher density than the base fluid. To remedy this situation, higher density fluids have been widely used in ERFs (ρ > 1.1 g/cc) rather than less expensive mineral oils that display lower densities (0.8-0.9 g/cc). An alternative approach to density "matching" has been explored by Qi and Shaw who have successfully developed ERF particles based on low density, micron-sized hollow glass "balloons" that are polymer coated. These microballons are commercially available from the PQ Corporation and they exhibit an effective density of 0.7 g/cc. Using these materials, it becomes possible to engineer ERF particles that are "neutrally buoyant" in mineral oils by adjusting the coating weight of an ER active polymer on the glass spheres. In this study, a simple solution coating process was developed exploiting the unique surface chemistry of glass which contains -Si-O-Si- and -Si-OH sites capable of hydrogen bonding with hydrophillic polymers. A number of water-soluble ionic polysaccharides were evaluated as coatings because of their ability to form hydrogen bonds with glass surfaces. A synthetic alcohol-soluble polymer, sulfonated polyphenylene oxide, was also evaluated because of its thermal stability and mechanical durability.
N-Acetylcysteine Ameliorates Amphotericin-Induced Nephropathy in Rats
Authors: Feldman Leonid , Efrati Shai , Dishy Victor , Katchko Leonid , Berman Sylvia , Averbukh Michael , Aladjem Mordechai , Averbukh Zhan , Weissgarten Joshua 
Published: January 2005

<i>Background:</i> Amphotericin B may cause acute reduction in renal function. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has a renoprotective activity in several nephrotoxic renal insults, but its effect on amphotericin-induced renal failure has not been investigated yet. <i>Methods:</i> Acute renal failure was induced in 30 Sprague-Dawley rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of amphotericin B (50 mg/kg). NAC (10 mg/kg) in isotonic saline or isotonic saline alone were administered daily for 4 days, starting 1 day before the amphotericin B injection. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was assessed using 99m-technetium diethylene triaminepentaacetic acid. Before and following amphotericin B administration, a 24-hour urine collection was performed for sodium, potassium and magnesium determination. The kidneys were preserved for pathologic examination. <i>Results:</i> Amphotericin B induced a significant decrease of GFR in both groups. Four days after amphotericin injection the GFR in the NAC-treated group was significantly higher than in the control group (0.62 ± 0.20 vs. 0.46 ± 0.14 ml/min, p = 0.042). Histologic signs of acute tubular necrosis were attenuated in the NAC-treated group. There were no significant differences between the groups in sodium, potassium and magnesium urine excretion after amphotericin injection. <i>Conclusions:</i> NAC treatment exerted a renoprotective effect on deterioration of GFR in a rat model of amphotericin-induced renal failure. No functional protection on tubular function, as obviated by similar polyuria and urine losses of potassium and magnesium in both groups, was observed.
Release Bursts in English Word-Final Voiceless Stops Produced by Native English and Korean Adults and Children
Authors: Tsukada Kimiko , Birdsong David , Mack Molly , Sung Hyekyung , Bialystok Ellen , Flege James 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the acquisition of statistical properties ofa second language (L2). Stop consonants are permitted in word-final position inboth English and Korean, but they are variably released in English and invariablyunreleased in Korean. Native Korean (K) adults and children living in North Americaand age-matched native English (E) speakers repeated English words ending inreleased tokens of /t/ and /k/ at two times separated by 1.2 years. The judgments ofE-speaking listeners were used to determine if the stimuli were repeated with audiblerelease bursts. Experiments 1 and 2 revealed fewer final releases for K thanE adults, and fewer releases for /t/ (but not /k/) for K than E children. Nearly all /t/ and/k/ tokens were heard as intended in experiment 3, which evaluated intelligibility.However, the K adults’ /k/ tokens were identified with less certainty than theE adults’. Taken together, the results suggested that noncontrastive (i.e., statistical)properties of an L2 can be learned by children, and to a somewhat lesser extent byadults.
Underlying Voicing in Majorcan Catalan Word-Final Stop-Liquid Clusters
Authors: Recasens Daniel , Espinosa Aina , Solanas Antoni 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
This study investigates the extent to which phonetic voicing is maintained inword-final clusters composed of an underlying voiced stop followed by nonsyllabic/l/ or /r/ in Majorcan Catalan. Electropalatographic and acoustic data forfive speakers of this Catalan dialect reveal that, in agreement with the non-syllabicstatus of the liquid, voicing for /l/ is only available if occurring during the precedingstop. The rhotic is always phonetically voiceless. Speakers differ regarding theextent to which they keep the underlying stop voicing distinction and the productionstrategies they use for that purpose. This distinction is highly robust and distributedover the entire syllable in nasal-stop-/l/ clusters for some speakers, butmuch less clear or absent for those speakers who devoice /l/ as a general rule.Underlying stop voicing is cued primarily by stop closure duration and vocal foldvibration, or else by closure duration rather than by voicing. It may be concludedthat the word-final devoicing process operating in Catalan does not apply toMajorcan Catalan tautosyllabic stop clusters with a liquid, and that phonetic voicingmay affect just the stop or both the stop and the liquid. The implications ofthese findings for sound change are discussed.
Voice Register in Suai (Kuai): An Analysis of Perceptual and Acoustic Data
Authors: Abramson Arthur S. , L-Thongkum Theraphan , Nye Patrick W. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
Analyses of the perceptual and acoustic characteristics of the Register 1(ʼclearʼ) versus Register 2 (ʼbreathyʼ) distinction have been carried out on the Kuaidialect of Suai, a Mon-Khmer language. The perception results were obtainedfrom five-parameter synthesized stimuli. They showed that the primary parameterunderlying the distinction is the frequency of onset of laryngeal excitation (F0).One other parameter making a significant contribution was the open quotient. TheF0 result was confirmed by an acoustic analysis of eight pairs of natural utterancesproduced by native speakers. We conclude that the Suai language is in a stateof flux with respect to the voice registers, although the distinction has not disappeared.The perceptual data reveal mixed levels of sensitivity, and the productiondata indicate that some speakers maintain a fairly good distinction, while othersdo not. The language seems to be replacing the register distinction with a prosodicone of pitch accent, possibly as a stage leading to tonogenesis.
Functional promoter upstream p53 regulatory sequence of IGFBP3 that is silenced by tumor specific methylation
Authors: Hanafusa Tadashi , Shinji Toshiyuki , Shiraha Hidenori , Nouso Kazuhiro , Iwasaki Yoshiaki , Yumoto Eichiro , Ono Toshiro , Koide Norio 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
Background
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-3 functions as a carrier of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) in circulation and a mediator of the growth suppression signal in cells. There are two reported p53 regulatory regions in the IGFBP3 gene; one upstream of the promoter and one intronic. We previously reported a hot spot of promoter hypermethylation of IGFBP-3 in human hepatocellular carcinomas and derivative cell lines. As the hot spot locates at the putative upstream p53 consensus sequences, these p53 consensus sequences are really functional is a question to be answered.

Methods
In this study, we examined the p53 consensus sequences upstream of the IGFBP-3 promoter for the p53 induced expression of IGFBP-3. Deletion, mutagenesis, and methylation constructs of IGFBP-3 promoter were assessed in the human hepatoblastoma cell line HepG2 for promoter activity.

Results
Deletions and mutations of these sequences completely abolished the expression of IGFBP-3 in the presence of p53 overexpression. In vitro methylation of these p53 consensus sequences also suppressed IGFBP-3 expression. In contrast, the expression of IGFBP-3 was not affected in the absence of p53 overexpression. Further, we observed by electrophoresis mobility shift assay that p53 binding to the promoter region was diminished when methylated.

Conclusion
From these observations, we conclude that four out of eleven p53 consensus sequences upstream of the IGFBP-3 promoter are essential for the p53 induced expression of IGFBP-3, and hypermethylation of these sequences selectively suppresses p53 induced IGFBP-3 expression in HepG2 cells.
Evaluating the evidence for models of life course socioeconomic factors and cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review
Authors: Pollitt Ricardo A , Rose Kathryn M , Kaufman Jay S 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
Background
A relatively consistent body of research supports an inverse graded relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). More recently, researchers have proposed various life course SES hypotheses, which posit that the combination, accumulation, and/or interactions of different environments and experiences throughout life can affect adult risk of CVD. Different life course designs have been utilized to examine the impact of SES throughout the life course. This systematic review describes the four most common life course hypotheses, categorizes the studies that have examined the associations between life course SES and CVD according to their life course design, discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the different designs, and summarizes the studies' findings.

Methods
This research reviewed 49 observational studies in the biomedical literature that included socioeconomic measures at a time other than adulthood as independent variables, and assessed subclinical CHD, incident CVD morbidity and/or mortality, and/or the prevalence of traditional CVD risk factors as their outcomes. Studies were categorized into four groups based upon life course design and analytic approach. The study authors' conclusions and statistical tests were considered in summarizing study results.

Results
Study results suggest that low SES throughout the life course modestly impacts CVD risk factors and CVD risk. Specifically, studies reviewed provided moderate support for the role of low early-life SES and elevated levels of CVD risk factors and CVD morbidity and mortality, little support for a unique influence of social mobility on CVD, and consistent support for the detrimental impact of the accumulation of negative SES experiences/conditions across the life course on CVD risk.

Conclusions
While the basic life course SES study designs have various methodologic and conceptual limitations, they provide an important approach from which to examine the influence of social factors on CVD development. Some limitations may be addressed through the analysis of study cohorts followed from childhood, the evaluation of CVD risk factors in early and middle adulthood, and the use of multiple SES measures and multiple life course analysis approaches in each life course study.
Paradoxes, Problems, and Opportunities in Zaire
Authors: MacGaffey Janet 
Published: January 2005

Zaire: The Cycle of the Serpent. 1992. 58 minutes, color. Directed by Thierry Michel. First Run/Icarus Films, 153 Waverly Place, New York, NY 10014. (212) 727‐1711.The Last Colonials. 1995. 61 minutes, color. Directed by Thierry Michel. First Run/Icarus Films, 153 Waverly Place, New York, NY 10014. (212) 727‐1711.
Textual Interpretation in the Amazon
Authors: Langdon E. Jean 
Published: January 2005

Yumpari: Studies of an Amazonian Foundation Myth. Geraldo Reichel‐Dolmatoff. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1996. 300 pp.Cool Tobacco, Sweet Coca: Teachings of an Indian Sage from, the Colombian Amazon. Hipólito Candre and Juan Alvaro Echeverri. Devon, England: Themis Books, 1996. 294 pp.
Law, Violence and Community in Classical Athens/Greeks Bearing Gifts: The Public Use of Private Relationships in the Greek World, 435–353 BC
Authors: Lyons Deborah 
Published: January 2005

Law, Violence and Community in Classical Athens. DAVID COHEN. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. xii + 214 pp., notes, bibliography essay, bibliography, index.Greeks Bearing Gifts: The Public Use of Private Relationships in the Greek World, 435–353 BC. LYNETTE G. MITCHELL. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. xiv + 248 pp., notes, bibliography, appendixes, indexes.
Possibilities for Migration Anthropology
Authors: O'Neal Colleen G. 
Published: January 2005

Changing Identities: Vietnamese Americans 1975‐1995. JAMES M. FREEMAN. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon, 1995. ix. 141 pp., references.From the Workers' State to the Golden State: Jews from the Former Soviet Union in California. STEVEN J. GOLD. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon, 1995. xix. 138 pp., references.New Pioneers in the Heartland: Hmong Life in Wisconsin. JO ANN KOLTYK. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon, 1998. xiv. 146 pp., notes, photographs, references.From the Ganges to the Hudson: Indian Immigrants in New York City. JOHANNA LESSINIGER. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon. 1995. xvi. 166 pp., references.Salvadorans in Suburbia: Symbiosis and Conflict. SARAH J. MAHLER. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon, 1995. xxix. 137 pp., notes, references.An Invisible Minority: Brazilians in New York City. MAXINE L. MARGOLIS. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon, 1998. xiii. 140 pp., notes, photographs, postscript, references.Changes and Conflicts: Korean Immigrant Families in New York. PYONG GAP MIN. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon, 1998. + 133 pp., photographs, references.Visa for. Dream: Dominicans in the United Slates. PATRICIA R. PESSAR. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon, 1995. xvi. 98 pp., notes, references.Pride against Prejudice: Haitians in the United States. ALEX STEPICK. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon, 1998. + 134 pp., note, references.Ethnicity and Entrepreneurship: The New Chinese Immigrants in the San Francisco Bay Area. BERNARD WONG. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon, 1998. viii. 120 pp., references.
The War for the Heart and Soul of a Highland Maya Town/ Mexican Rural Development and the Plumed Serpent: Technology and Maya Cosmology in the Tropical Forest of Campeche, Mexico
Authors: Restall Matthew 
Published: January 2005

The War for the Heart and Soul of. Highland Maya Town. ROBERT S. CARLSEN. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1997. xvi. 206 pp., notes, glossary, bibliography, index.Mexican Rural Development and the Plumed Serpent: Technology and Maya Cosmology in the Tropical Forest of Campeche, Mexico. BETTY BERNICE FAUST. Westport, CT: Bergin and Garvey, 1998. xxviii. 190 pp., references, index, photographs.
L 'Histoire de Sàbé et de Ses Rois (République du Bénin)/ Nom, Famille et Lignage Chez les Sàbé (République du Bénin)
Authors: Flynn Donna K. 
Published: January 2005

'Histoire de Sàbé et de Ses Rois (République du Bénin). MONTSERRAT PALAU MARTÍ. Paris: Maisonneuve et Larose, 1992. 345 pp., index, bibliography, glossary, English summary, tables, maps, summary in Spanish.Nom, Famille et Lignage Chez les Sàbé (République du Bénin). MONTSERRAT PALAU MARTÍ. Paris: Maisonneuve et Larose, 1992. 369 pp., index, bibliography, glossary, English summary, maps, summary in Spanish.
Renovating Ecology
Authors: Haenn Nora 
Published: January 2005

Transforming the Indonesian Uplands. Tania Murray Li. ed. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1999. xxiv. 319 pp., illustrations, maps, index.Cultural Memory and Biodiversity. Virginia D. Nazarea. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1998. xiv+189 pp., figures, tables, notes, bibliography, index.Ethnoecology: Situated Knowledge/Located Lives. Virginia D. Nazarea. ed. Tucson. University of Arizona Press, 1998. xii. 299 pp., index.Green Place,. Good Place: Agrarian Change, Gender, and Social Identity in the Great Lakes Region to the 15th Century. David Lee Schoenbrun. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 1998. xiv. 301 pp., maps, figures, illustrations, photographs, bibliography, index.
Culture: A Problem that Cannot Be Solved./Culture in Mind: Cognition, Culture, and the Problem of Meaning
Authors: Lester Rebecca 
Published: January 2005

Culture:. Problem that Cannot Be Solved. Charles W. Nuckolls. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1998. ix. 301 pp., figures, tables, bibliography, index.Culture in Mind: Cognition, Culture, and the Problem of Meaning. Bradd Shore. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996. xii. 428 pp., figures, bibliography, index.
Evaluation of acute copper toxicity to larval fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) in soft surface waters
Authors: Van Genderen Eric J. , Ryan Adam C. , Tomasso Joseph R. , Klaine Stephen J. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
The hardness-based regulatory approach for Cu prescribes an extrapolation of the toxicity-versus-hardness relationship to low hardness (⩽50 mg/L as CaCO3). Hence, the objective of the present research was to evaluate the influences of water quality on acute Cu toxicity to larval fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) in low-hardness surface waters. Seasonal water sampling was conducted at 24 sites throughout South Carolina, USA, to determine the site-specific influences of soft surface-water conditions on acute Cu toxicity. Concurrent toxicity tests in laboratory water, matched for hardness and alkalinity (modified method), also were conducted to allow calculation of water-effect ratios (WERs). In addition, tests were conducted at recommended hardness levels (recommended method) for comparison of WER methodology in soft water. Surface-water conditions (average ± standard deviation, n = 53) were hardness of 16 ± 8 mg/L as CaCO3, alkalinity of 18 ± 11 mg/L as CaCO3, and dissolved organic carbon of 6 ± 4 mg/L. Dissolved Cu 48-h median lethal concentration (LC50) values varied nearly 45-fold across the dataset and greater than four-fold at individual sites. Spatial (p &lt; 0.0001) and seasonal (p = 0.026) differences among LC50 values were determined for eight sites that had multiple toxicity results for one year. All modified WERs were greater than 1.0, suggesting that the site waters were more protective of Cu toxicity than the matched laboratory water. Some WERs generated using recommended methods were less than 1.0, suggesting limited site-specific protection. Based on these observations, extrapolation of the hardness-based equation for Cu at 50 mg/L or less as CaCO3 would adequately protect fathead minnow populations in soft surface waters. The WER results presented here demonstrate the inconsistency between hardness-based criteria and the methodology for deriving site-specific water-quality criteria in low-hardness waters.
Predicting and observing responses of algal communities to photosystem ii-herbicide exposure using pollution-induced community tolerance and species-sensitivity distributions
Authors: Schmitt-Jansen Mechthild , Altenburger Rolf 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
Various test strategies are in use in ecotoxicology to assess the potential risks of toxicants on aquatic communities. The species-sensitivity distribution concept (SSD) works by arranging single-species laboratory test data in a cumulative frequency distribution. The pollution-induced community tolerance concept (PICT) uses observable community responses by measuring increases in community tolerance caused by the replacement of sensitive species after exposure. The aim of this study was to compare these two concepts in assessing the effects of three herbicides. Atrazine, prometryn, and isoproturon were found to increase community tolerance by a factor up to six. Atrazine increased community tolerance only at higher test concentrations (0.125 mg L−1). Species-sensitivity distributions correspond well to community responses: The median effective concentrations (EC50s) of untreated periphyton communities tested covered 55 to 65% of affected species represented in the SSD. The sensitivities of tolerant algal communities shifted to the right end of the SSDs. In the microcosm experiments, higher test concentrations affected biomass, species numbers, and community structure. Community tolerance could not be induced any further, suggesting that these concentrations represent a maximum of functional redundancy of a functional group. At higher concentrations, even the least-sensitive species are affected. These results can be interpreted as a confirmation of the SSD concept by observed algal community responses, when applied to photosystem II (PSII)—inhibiting herbicides.
Analysis of a database of pesticide residues on plants for wildlife risk assessment
Authors: Baril Alain , Whiteside Mélanie , Boutin Céline 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
Current methods to estimate exposure of wildlife to pesticides from diet depend on a database of published residue concentrations on crop plants normalized to a standard application rate to obtain a residue from a unit dosage (RUD). This database, first published in the early 1970s, was updated in the 1990s. For each category of crops, maximum and mean residues are determined and used to extrapolate concentrations on plants across application rates in calculations of risk. The present study aims to update the database, to examine the validity of extrapolating RUD values across application rates, and to improve the categorization of crops using crop morphology and cultivation methods. The slope of the linear regression of residue concentrations against application rate in 41 trials was significantly different from one in all but five cases. This supports the assumption that residue concentrations are directly proportional to the application rate, although less than half the variance in residue concentrations was explained by the linear model. Residues on leaves were partitioned into eight categories of crops using information regarding plant morphology and cultivation method. Fruit size was an additional variable useful for segregating residues into four categories: Small fruits, large fruits, pods, and grains. The proposed changes increase the amount of variance explained in the residue database from 19 to 32%. Depending on the crop category, residues on fruits were 2- to 16-fold lower than those on leaves. Residue concentrations on leaves of short plants were more than fourfold higher than those on leaves of tall plants. Descriptive statistics are provided for each of the proposed crop categories.