bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple sites of L‐histidine decarboxylase expression in mouse suggest novel developmental functions for histamine
Authors: Karlstedt Kaj , Nissinen Markku , Michelsen Kimmo A. , Panula Pertti 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHistamine mediates many types of physiologic signals in multicellular organisms. To clarify the developmental role of histamine, we have examined the developmental expression of L‐histidine decarboxylase (HDC) mRNA and the production of histamine during mouse development. The predominant expression of HDC in mouse development was seen in mast cells. The HDC expression was evident from embryonal day 13 (Ed13) until birth, and the mast cells were seen in most peripheral tissues. Several novel sites with a prominent HDC mRNA expression were revealed. In the brain, the choroid plexus showed HDC expression at Ed14 and the raphe neurons at Ed15. Close to the parturition, at Ed19, the neurons in the tuberomammillary (TM) area and the ventricular neuroepithelia also displayed a clear HDC mRNA expression and histamine immunoreactivity (HA‐ir). From Ed14 until birth, the olfactory and nasopharyngeal epithelia showed an intense HDC mRNA expression and HA‐ir. In the olfactory epithelia, the olfactory receptor neurons (ORN) were shown to have very prominent histamine immunoreactivity. The bipolar nerve cells in the epithelium extended both to the epithelial surface and into the subepithelial layers to be collected into thick nerve bundles extending caudally toward the olfactory bulbs. Also, in the nasopharynx, an extensive subepithelial network of histamine‐immunoreactive nerve fibers were seen. Furthermore, in the peripheral tissues, the degenerating mesonephros (Ed14) and the convoluted tubules in the developing kidneys (Ed15) showed HDC expression, as did the prostate gland (Ed15). In adult mouse brain, the HDC expression resembled the neuronal pattern observed in rat brain. The expression was restricted to the TM area in the ventral hypothalamus, with the main expression in the five TM subgroups called E1–E5. A distinct mouse HDC mRNA expression was also seen in the ependymal wall of the third ventricle, which has not been reported in the rat. The tissue‐ and cell‐specific expression patterns of HDC and histamine presented in this work indicate that histamine could have cell guidance or regulatory roles in development. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
TGFβ Type III and TGFβ Type II receptors have distinct activities during epithelial–mesenchymal cell transformation in the embryonic heart
Authors: Boyer Angelique S. , Raymond B. Runyan  
Published: August 2002

AbstractDuring the early stages of heart development, progenitors for the heart valves and septa come from endothelial cells via a developmental process known as “epithelial–mesenchymal cell transformation.” This process is restricted to the atrioventricular (AV) canal and outflow tract portions of the embryonic heart. TGFβ signal transduction pathways play critical roles during epithelial–mesenchymal cell transformation in heart development. Previously, we showed that both TGFβ Type II (TβRII) and Type III (TβRIII) receptors are required to mediate epithelial mesenchymal cell transformation in chick heart. Further, distinct TGFβ2 and TGFβ3 activities correspond to separate components of the embryonic cell transformation process. Studies by others of TGFβ‐mediated inhibition of cell proliferation produced a model where TβRIII functions by facilitating TGFβ2 binding to TβRII. In the present study, we provide evidence that TβRIII mediates distinct cellular responses from those of TβRII. Blocking antibody for TβRIII, but not antibody against TβRII, specifically inhibits the endothelial cell–cell separation step. Examination of developmental markers, perturbed by blocking TβRIII antibody, revealed a pattern of expression distinctively different from that of TβRII antibody treatment. These data show that a distinct TβRIII‐mediated process is required for endothelial cell–cell separation during epithelial mesenchymal cell transformation. As TGFβ2 mediates endothelial cell–cell separation, the data point to a specific association of TGFβ2 and TβRIII in the cell separation step of epithelial mesenchymal cell transformation. We conclude that distinct TβRII and TβRIII signal transduction pathways mediate epithelial–mesenchymal cell transformation in the heart. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sorting nexin‐14, a gene expressed in motoneurons trapped by an in vitro preselection method
Authors: Carroll Patrick , Renoncourt Yannick , Gayet Odile , De Bovis Béatrice , Alonso Serge 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA gene‐trap strategy was set up in embryonic stem (ES) cells with the aim of trapping genes expressed in restricted neuronal lineages. The vector used trap genes irrespective of their activity in undifferentiated totipotent ES cells. Clones were subjected individually to differentiation in a system in which ES cells differentiated into neurons. Two ES clones in which the trapped gene was expressed in ES‐derived neurons were studied in detail. The corresponding cDNAs were cloned, sequenced, and analysed by in situ hybridisation on wild‐type embryo sections. Both genes are expressed in the nervous system. One gene, YR‐23, encodes a large intracellular protein of unknown function. The second clone, YR‐14, represents a sorting nexin (SNX14) gene whose expression in vivo coincides with that of LIM‐homeodomain Islet‐1 in several tissues. Sorting nexins are proteins associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and may play a role in receptor trafficking. Gene trapping followed by screening based on in vitro preselection of differentiated ES recombinant clones, therefore, has the potential to identify integration events in subsets of genes before generation of mouse mutants. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Word recognition deficits in German: more evidence from a representative sample
Authors: Landerl Karin 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn a representative sample of German speaking dyslexic children, earlier findings on dyslexia in the highly consistent orthography of German were confirmed. In a sample of 78 dyslexic 3rd graders selected on the basis of their poor word recognition skills, reading accuracy for both words and non‐words was deficient but high in absolute terms. This indicates that the highly consistent grapheme–phoneme correspondences of German orthography in combination with the straightforward phonics teaching approach, which is usually applied in Austrian primary schools, allows even dyslexic children to acquire the process of phonological decoding. The central reading problem was extremely slow speed. Poor performance on a reading comprehension test was at least partly due to slow reading speed as well. Dyslexic children's spelling development was also severely delayed. The number of phonologically incorrect spellings was low; however, dyslexic children quite often produced spellings that are orthographically incorrect, indicating that they have not yet been able to develop an extensive and easily accessible orthographic lexicon. The most prominent cognitive deficit was reduced rapid naming speed closely followed by deficits in phonological awareness. Deficits in phonological memory were also evident (but mild) showing that despite marked differences in findings on reading and spelling skills of English dyslexic children, the underlying causes are very similar. The present sample of dyslexic children showed deficits in visual processing speed in addition to their linguistic deficits. However, this deficit in visual processing speed did not seem causally related to the children's reading and spelling deficits. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimating readiness for change in anorexia nervosa: Comparing clients, clinicians, and research assessors
Authors: Geller Josie 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveThis research compared the relative ability of clients, clinicians, and research assessors in estimating readiness for change in individuals with anorexia nervosa.MethodFifty‐six individuals with a current or past diagnosis of anorexia nervosa made ratings of the extent to which they perceived themselves to be ready for treatment and recovery. Clinicians and research assessors made the same ratings based on their impressions following clinical and research assessments, respectively. The outcome variables included questionnaire measures of change activities, assigned behavioral tasks, and clients' decision to accept intensive treatment.ResultsWhile research assessor and client ratings predicted questionnaire recovery activities, only research assessor ratings predicted completion of behavioral tasks and clients' decision to accept intensive treatment. Clinician ratings were not related to any of the questionnaire or behavioral recovery activity measures.DiscussionConditions favoring the accurate prediction of readiness for treatment and recovery are discussed, and implications for clinical practice are addressed. © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 31: 251–260, 2002; DOI 10.1002/eat.10045
A case of anorexia nervosa with severe hyperlipoproteinemia
Authors: Homma Yasuhiko , Homma Koichiro , Iizuka Shinichi , Iigaya Kamon 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveThe complication of severe hyperlipoproteinemia with anorexia nervosa is very rare. We investigated the mechanisms of severe hyperlipoproteinemia in a patient with anorexia nervosa.MethodsThe measurement of plasma levels of lipids, apolipoproteins (Apo), lipoprotein subfractions, free T3, and estrogen, apo (lipoprotein) E phenotyping, and the assay of lymphocyte low‐density lipoprotein (LDL)‐receptor activity were accomplished in a 40‐year‐old female patient with anorexia nervosa.ResultsHer body mass index was 10.3 kg/m2. Her plasma levels of total cholesterol (C), triglyceride (TG), apoB, apoE, very‐low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL)‐C, and intermediate‐density lipoprotein (IDL)‐C were 757 mg/dl, 526 mg/dl, 288 mg/dl, 13.6 mg/dl, 133 mg/dl, and 99 mg/dl, respectively. VLDL was cholesterol rich (C/TG ratio = 0.68; normal value = 0.2). The plasma LDL was high and skewed to less dense fractions. Her apoE phenotype was E 3/2. Her lymphocyte LDL‐receptor activity was 79% of normal subjects. The plasma level of estradiol was low and that of free T3 was subnormal.DiscussionWe concluded that the plasma lipoprotein abnormality of this anorexia nervosa patient was induced by the impaired removal of TG‐rich lipoprotein remnants and less dense LDL due to apoE phenotype E 3/2,subnormal LDL‐receptor activity, subnormal plasma level of free T3, and diminished secretion of estrogen. © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 32: 121–124, 2002.
The role of daily hassles in binge eating
Authors: Crowther Janis H. , Sanftner Jennifer , Bonifazi Deanne Z. , Shepherd Kristen L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveThe present study investigated the relationship between daily hassles and the frequency and caloric intake of eating episodes among normal‐weight women who engage in binging (n = 17) and those who do not (n = 17).MethodFor 2 weeks, participants self‐monitored their food intake during the day and completed The Hassles Scale each evening before retiring.ResultsResults indicated that women who engage in binge eating rated daily hassles as significantly more stressful than women who do not binge. Also, women who engage in binge eating consumed significantly more calories on those days characterized by higher as opposed to lower levels of stress.DiscussionTheoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed. © 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 29: 449–454, 2001.
Broadband microstrip antenna excited by coplanar waveguide
Authors: Haneishi Misao , Ochiai Takahito , Suzuki Atsushi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe configuration and radiation characteristics of an antenna system exciting a rectangular microstrip antenna with coplanar waveguide are studied. In addition, a method for broadbanding is discussed. (1) The radiation characteristics of this antenna are characterized by simulation and experiment, and basic design data are obtained. (2) A method of construction for an antenna system with a parasitic element stacked on the microstrip antenna is investigated. It is confirmed that a broadband characteristic of about 23% in terms of return loss (VSWR ≤ 2.0) can be obtained. (3) In addition, the radiation pattern and gain of the present antenna system are studied. It is shown that these characteristics are broadband in nature. Further, the mutual coupling between the elements is studied, since this is important for the consideration of array antenna. Basic design data are obtained. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 85(10): 1–7, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10010
Reliability and cost‐effectiveness of a telecommunication network composed of distributed switching nodes and high‐performance control nodes
Authors: Matsumura Hajime , Yamada Shigeki , Kubota Minoru 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe have already proposed DONA‐α (distributed object‐oriented network architecture) as a candidate architecture for future telecommunications networks. A node in a conventional network contains both control and switching subsystems. In DONA‐α, these subsystems are physically separated, as independent nodes, so the network is composed of a small number of high‐performance control nodes that each control numerous low‐capacity switching nodes.Since service faults in a large‐scale public telecommunications network can have a severe effect on human society, the reliability of conventional networks is improved by designing redundancy into the network architecture. However, this raises the network configuration cost.DONA‐α should reduce network configuration costs without drastically decreasing the reliability. This is because each switching node will accommodate fewer subscribers than a conventional subscriber node, so it will be possible to reduce the degree of redundancy.In this paper, we examine the relationship between reliability and the degree of redundancy in the architecture of a DONA‐α network. We also evaluate the reliability and cost‐effectiveness of a DONA‐α network compared with a conventional network. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 84(11): 1–15, 2001
Calibration of a biconical antenna and its usage in EMI measurements
Authors: Suzuki Nobuyuki , Sugiura Akira , Yamanaka Yukio , Iwasaki Takashi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBiconical antennas, which are typical broadband antennas, are widely used to measure electromagnetic interference (EMI) in the band from 30 to 300 MHz. Thus, theoretical studies using the method of moments have investigated antenna arrangements suitable for biconical antenna calibration. The results showed that the proximity effect between the standard dipole antenna for calibration and the transmitting antenna in the low‐frequency band and the nonuniformity of the electric field strength near the biconical antenna being calibrated in the high‐frequency band greatly affected the calibration uncertainty. Based on these considerations, the antenna setup was determined to calibrate the biconical antenna with an uncertainty of 0.1 dB. Furthermore, the difference between the EMI measurements using a biconical antenna and the measurements using a dipole antenna was examined theoretically by means of a radiating point source. This result showed that the overall difference in the measurements is not very large at about 1 dB or less, but the difference increases in measurements for vertically polarized waves than for horizontally polarized waves, and this difference was conspicuous particularly at a measurement distance of 3 m. In addition, the difference in the measurements decreases when a free space antenna factor is used. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 85(7): 23–31, 2002; Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.1108
Electromagnetic cutoff by metallic lines on the glass
Authors: Kobayashi Yutaka , Takahashi Masaharu , Abe Minoru 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWith recent advances in electrical and electronic devices, they are proliferating in the office environment. In turn, electromagnetic interference, mixing, and information leakage due to the use of wireless LAN have become problematic. Electromagnetic wave absorbers based on glass have been investigated using resistive films. In this paper, the electromagnetic wave is cut off by placing metallic wires on windowglass so that a low‐cost shielding material easily manufactured can be developed. First, only the frequency of 2.45 GHz for wireless LAN is considered in the discussion of shielding. Further, MMAC (Multimedia Mobile Access Communication Systems) has been considered as a future wireless LAN. In order to also cut off 5.2 GHz for the MMAC frequency, a method for cutting off two frequencies is proposed in which circular conductors and crossed conductors are combined. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 85(7): 45–52, 2002; Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.1110
Effect of directional antenna on packet radio network
Authors: Minami Takuya , Arinobu Akihiko , Matsuno Hiroshi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThere have been many proposals for media access control protocols in packet radio networks (PRN) in which transmission efficiency is improved by using a directional antenna. This paper assumes that the topology of the PRN and the data to be transmitted among the stations are specified, and discusses the essential effectiveness of using the directional antenna, as independent of the protocol, using the shortest time needed to complete all data transmissions as a measure. It is shown that the number of directional antennas in each station is sufficient if it is equal to the number of neighboring stations, and that the effectiveness of the directional antenna is more pronounced when the PRN has a high density. The effectiveness when the communication buffer used to store the data to be sent or received is combined with the directional antenna is also discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 85(9): 51–58, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.1125
Radar SCR improvement using a wavelet transform
Authors: Saitou Akihiko , Kouya Satoshi , Miwa Susumu , Kaku Nobuyuki 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSince the autocorrelation function of radar clutter between cells usually attenuates rapidly compared to that of the signal, the waveform after detection has larger changes in the clutter than the signal. Improving the signal‐to‐clutter ratio (SCR) in conventional radar relies on the integration effect of the amplitude, but here we tried to use the differences in the frequency components of the waveforms. We compared the output after detection obtained from aircraft flying over the ocean by asynchronous detection shipborne radar to the waveform that used Daubechies wavelet, and verified the effect. Next, we defined the signal area and the SCR and quantitatively calculated the improvement. Although we were able to verify an improvement of several decibels for a nearby target, the effect could not be obtained for a distant target. We could provide nearly the same improvement for all of the targets by changing the filter that varies the cutoff frequency with distance. In experiments, we were able to demonstrate a similar improvement by using wavelets in the detected output of the experimental Airport Surface Detection Equipment set up at Sendai Airport. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 85(10): 23–32, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.1128
Absorption of electromagnetic waves by dome‐shaped concrete walls
Authors: Sato Hiroshi , Takahashi Masaharu , Abe Minoru 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn the communication systems expected to be used indoors, such as PHS, wireless LAN and MMAC, degradation of the communication quality by transmitting waves from the exterior to the room and the information leaks by the electromagnetic waves from the room to the exterior are of concern. Absorption and shielding of the electromagnetic waves with structural elements such as walls are required so that the indoor reflection is suppressed and the transmission of the electromagnetic waves in both ways between the room and the exterior are reduced. For this purpose, this paper proposes dome‐shaped walls that are modifications of the surface shape of the concrete wall such that dome‐shaped protrusions are placed orthogonally with the planar concrete wall. The characteristics are studied by the FD‐TD method. It is found that the domed wall can suppress the reflection and transmission for an arbitrary polarization. Also, the insertion interval is confirmed to maintain a high absorption effect of the electromagnetic wave even when iron wires are inserted. Finally, the effectiveness of the FD‐TD simulation is confirmed by experiment. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 85(10): 33–43, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.1129
Nonstop processor field upgrading with layered software architecture
Authors: Futagami Shin , Nakamura Hiroyuki , Inamori Hisayoshi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn order to achieve a sophisticated information communication network and diversified services, it is required that the performance of the node system composing the network be further improved. To deal with such a requirement for the performance improvement, it will eventually be effective to apply general‐purpose microprocessor technology, in which performance is making very rapid progress. In the node system, in particular, techniques must be established for upgrading the processor without interrupting service. This paper assumes layered software structure intended for a multi‐vendor system and proposes a technique that provides nonstop high‐performance processor upgrading simply and with high reliability. By applying the idea to a real node system, the effectiveness of the approach is verified. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 85(11): 87–96, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.1141
An analysis of the effective performance of a handset diversity antenna influenced by head, hand, and shoulder effects—A proposal for a diversity antenna gain based on a signal bit‐error rate and analytical results for the PDC system
Authors: Ogawa Koichi , Takada Jun‐ichi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn analysis of the effective performance of a handset diversity antenna, comprising a whip antenna and a planar inverted F antenna (PIFA), has been made by introducing a new figure‐of‐merit, the Diversity Antenna Gain (DAG). The analysis includes the electromagnetic interaction with a human operator. The DAG can take account of all of the effects associated with effective antenna gains, unequal median values, and correlations between diversity branches, and therefore can directly indicate the system gain in a multiple radio wave environment. By using the DAG, a direct performance comparison between diversity antennas with different effective gains and correlations can be easily made from the viewpoint of particular system criteria. This comparison is difficult to make from the respective performances only. The analysis has been made on π/4‐shift QPSK signals with the assumption of a PDC system with a postdetection two‐branch selection combining method or a maximum ratio combining method. The analytical results indicate DAG characteristics under various incident wave propagation environments with head‐to‐radio separation, whip length, and inclination of the radio from the vertical as variable parameters. The results demonstrate the structural and environmental requirements for designing a diversity antenna with a high effective performance in an actual talk situation. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 84(6): 10–23, 2001