bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Law
Authors: Appiah Kwame Anthony 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Governments in many countries and at many times have made laws that are morally repugnant. Many governments, for example, have wanted their citizens to obey laws that were racist, discriminating against some citizens simply on the basis of their supposed “racial” origins. Sometimes—regrettably, not often enough—citizens of these countries have been so outraged by these racist laws that they have sought to have them changed. And when legal means of changing the law have been exhausted, some have chosen to resist their governments by civil disobedience. That is, they have set out to resist these evil laws by deliberate acts of lawbreaking. In civil disobedience lawbreaking is usually undertaken in order to draw attention to the evil law, to express a citizen’s repugnance to it, and to create.
Philosophy
Authors: Appiah Kwame Anthony 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In many a village around the world, in societies traditional and industrialized, people gather in the evenings to talk. In pubs and bars, under trees in the open air in the tropics, and around fires in the far north and south of our globe, people exchange tales, tell jokes, discuss issues of the day, argue about matters important and trivial. Listening to such conversations in cultures other than your own, you learn much about the concepts and theories people use to understand their experience, and you learn what values they hold most dear.
Islamic Political Identity in Turkey
Authors: Yavuz M Hakan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In November of 2002, the Justice and Development Party swept to victory in the Turkish parliamentary elections. Because of the party’s Islamic roots, its electoral triumph has sparked a host of questions both in Turkey and in the West: Does the party harbor a secret Islamist agenda? Will the new government seek to overturn nearly a century of secularization stemming from Kemal Atatürk’s early-twentieth-century reforms? Most fundamentally, is Islam compatible with democracy? In this penetrating work, M. Hakan Yavuz seeks to answer these questions, and to provide a comprehensive analysis of Islamic political identity in Turkey. He begins in the early twentieth century, when Kemal Atatürk led Turkey through a process of rapid secularization and crushed Islamic opposition to his authoritarian rule. Yavuz argues that, since Atatürk’s death in 1938, however, Turkey has been gradually moving away from his militant secularism and experiencing “a quiet Muslim reformation.” Islamic political identity is not homogeneous, says Yavuz, but can be modern and progressive as well as conservative and potentially authoritarian. While the West has traditionally seen Kemalism as an engine for reform against “reactionary” political Islam, in fact the Kemalist establishment has traditionally used the “Islamic threat” as an excuse to avoid democratization and thus hold on to power. Yavuz offers an account of the “soft coup” of 1997, in which the Kemalist military-bureaucratic establishment overthrew the democratically elected coalition government, which was led by the pro-Islamic Refah party. He argues that the soft coup plunged Turkey into a renewed legitimacy crisis which can only be resolved by the liberalization of the political system. The book ends with a discussion of the most recent election and its implications for Turkey and the Muslim world. Yavuz argues that Islamic social movements can be important agents for promoting a democratic and pluralistic society, and that the Turkish example holds long term promise for the rest of the Muslim world. Based on extensive fieldwork and interviews, this work offers a sophisticated new understanding of the role of political Islam in one of the world’s most strategically important countries.
In Search of the Promised Land
Authors: Franklin John Hope , Schweninger Loren 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The matriarch of a remarkable African American family, Sally Thomas went from being a slave on a tobacco plantation, to a "virtually free" slave who ran her own business and purchased one of her sons out of bondage. In Search of the Promised Land offers a vivid portrait of the extended Thomas-Rapier family and of the life of slaves before the Civil War. Based on family letters as well as an autobiography by one of Thomas's sons, this remarkable piece of detective work follows a singular group as they walk the boundary between slave and free, traveling across the country in search of a "promised land" where African Americans would be treated with respect. Their record of these journeys provides a vivid picture of antebellum America, stretching from New Orleans to St. Louis, from the Overland Trail to the California Gold Rush, and from Civil War battles to steamboat adventures. John Hope Franklin and Loren Schweninger weave a compelling narrative that illuminates the larger themes of slavery and freedom. To a remarkable degree, this small family experienced the full gamut of slavery, witnessing everything from the breakup of slave families, brutal punishment, and runaways, to miscegenation, insurrection panics, and slave patrols. They also illuminate the hidden lives of " virtually free" slaves, who maintained close relationships with whites, maneuvered within the system, and gained a large measure of autonomy. The Thomas-Rapiers were keen observers of the human condition. Through the eyes of this exceptional family and the indomitable black woman who held them together, we witness aspects of human bondage otherwise hidden from view.
In Search of Canaan
Authors: Franklin John Hope , Schweninger Loren 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Nashville, the last day in December 1855 was cold, windy, and rainy. The sky was laden with thick, black clouds, and the icy drizzle seemed to chill the soul as much as the body. For some time following Sally’s death, her youngest son, James, had been considering whether to remain in Tennessee or seek a new home. The increasing racial tensions, growing sectional conflict, and strident antiblack pronouncements caused him grave concern—concern that was heightened by the death of his friend and white patron, Ephraim Foster. Thomas had lived in Nashville all his life; he did not want to consider leaving if he could avoid it. But the wish to find a haven where conditions were better for blacks—a “Promised Land” or Canaan, as the Bible would have called it—tugged at him. And he was willing to consider a region beyond the borders of the United States. Indeed, having traveled in the segregated North as well as having lived in the slave South, James Thomas was open to more adventurous possibilities.
Heathen Darkness
Authors: Jenkins Philip 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
America’s Indian dream began as phantasmagoric nightmare. Through most of Christian history, the most common view of other faiths has been that they are, knowingly or otherwise, serving the devil. During the Middle Ages and the early modern period, this was the standard interpretation of Islam and Judaism, and even rival branches of Christianity freely traded mutual charges of diabolism. If such abuse was so customary within the monotheistic fold, it is not surprising to find it directed against the pagans and animists whom the European colonists first encountered in the New World. The vast majority of European settlers had no sympathy for the religious activities of their new neighbors, while the clergy had little doubt that Natives were worshipping the devil.
Before the New Age 1920–1960
Authors: Jenkins Philip 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For these men, the Navaho yei, the Pueblo katsinas, the Buddhist yogins, the Christian saints, are but the vanguard of all mankind. We too are slowly traveling the evolutionary Road of Life back to its source.Much of the popular material available today on Indian religions assumes, often wrongly, that these traditions are closely aligned to esoteric and alternative spirituality, that they are part of a mystical New Age continuum. However inaccurate, this long-established idea helps explain the growing acceptance of Native faiths from the 1920s onwards. For many Americans in this era, Native religious practices were not just harmless old customs; they contained great spiritual truths from which whites could learn. Even as Native culture was gaining mainstream acceptance, therefore, it was doing so in a distinctive and perhaps distorted form. The modern New Age Indian thus has an impressively long pedigree. In fact, the idea was so strong by mid-century that the mystery is perhaps not how the modern synthesis appeared but, rather, why it did not emerge decades earlier.
The Medicine Show
Authors: Jenkins Philip 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Don’t dream it— be it.By the mid-1970s, Indians were established as countercultural icons. Indians had already been mass marketed in films like , and the quest for authentic Native voices was manifested in the success of later books and television productions, such as Ruth Beebe Hill’s novel and the novels of Jamake Highwater. But the nature of the merchandising was changing. While Indian culture and art had long since reached a mass audience — at least by the 1930s— it was now Native spirituality that proved most exciting to consumers.
The Human Environment
Authors: Allen Edward , Swoboda David , Allen Edward 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The quality of a human environment can be measured only in terms of its effect on the people who experience it. But people, both physically and emotionally, are creatures not easily understood, and evaluations of quality are seldom simple. Even a simple question such as “Is this place warm enough?” does not have a simple answer in quantitative terms, for the same person, under varying circumstances of season of the year, amount of clothing, radiant temperature, relative humidity, and air movement, will find the place exactly “warm enough” at a range of air temperatures extending over many degrees, a surprising spread for an animal whose internal temperature cannot vary by more than a couple of degrees either way without distress.
The Concept of Shelter
Authors: Allen Edward , Swoboda David , Allen Edward 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Shelter at its most basic is not a human invention; it is something we seek instinctively, as do all animals, in a world that is seldom attuned exactly to our physiological and social needs. On a hot summer day, we picnic under a tree or near a shady waterfall or cascade. On bitter winter days, we gravitate instinctively toward the lee side of any landscape feature that will deflect the wind, especially if a patch of warming sunlight is available there. The experienced outdoor traveler, when selecting a spot on which to roll out a sleeping bag for the night in any season of the year, avoids the low spots and valleys, which channel nighttime flows of cold air and moisture, and, animal-like, beds clown on the higher ground, perhaps on an eastward slope, to be wakened and warmed by the morning sun.
Controlling Air Movement
Authors: Allen Edward , Swoboda David , Allen Edward 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Clean, oxygen-rich air for breathing is the most pressing environ mental requirement for human life. Continuously moving air is also a primary requirement for thermal comfort, to convect away excess body heat and evaporate perspiration. Although the air in a rural outdoor environment contains such natural pollutants as odors, bacteria, pollens, spores, molds, and dust, we usually perceive it as being pure, and all but the most allergic persons find it optimum for breathing.
Hearing and Being Heard
Authors: Allen Edward , Swoboda David , Allen Edward 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We take pleasure in the sound of a favorite piece of music, the sound of a friend’s voice, the songs of birds on a summer morning, and the spoken words of the actors in a play or on a screen. We derive great satisfaction from creating music with voice or instruments, speaking to a friend, or conveying an important message to an interested audience. Under such circumstances, we want to hear and to be heard. But under other circumstances, we also want the egually important options not to hear and not to be heard, the options of peace and privacy.
Spacecraft Computer Systems
Authors: Moore Robert C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Spacecraft computer systems require space-qualified microcomputers, memories, and interface devices. Functionally, these are not unlike the devices that are used in desktop business computers and personal computers for the home. However, spacecraft applications impose design constraints that are much more severe than those of the commercial market. For example, low power dissipation, volume, and mass must be achieved in a spacecraft without sacrificing overall performance. In addition, faults and failures in a spacebome data processing system cannot usually be repaired. Therefore, space flight systems must exhibit excellent reliability and should be able to tolerate many kinds of faults.
The End
Authors: Evensen Bruce J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The end was apocalyptic and variously reported. “The world is receding and heaven opening,” the dying man was supposed to have said, although accounts differed. “I see earth receding; Heaven is opening; God is calling me,” other newspapers reported to their readers. D. L. Moody had always been greatly annoyed whenever he was misquoted. Perhaps that was why he wrote his own epitaph before the press in his sixty-second year wrote one for him. “Some day you will read in the papers that D. L. Moody of East Northfield is dead,” he had long been famous for saying. “Don’t you believe a word of it! At that moment I shall be more alive than I am now.” His son would use the statement on the eve of a new century to begin his biography of one of the most beloved men of the previous century. “I shall have gone up higher,” Moody wanted his readers to know, “that is all, out of this old clay tenement into a house that is immortal—a body that death cannot touch; that sin cannot taint; a body fashioned like unto His glorious body.”
“It’s Harder Getting into the Depot than Heaven”
Authors: Evensen Bruce J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It was half past seven, and the largest choir that anyone had ever seen in the biggest building any Philadelphian had ever been in were just finishing “What a Friend We Have in Jesus” when D. L. Moody began reading the fifth chapter of Mark. It was the story of Jesus meeting the man with an unclean spirit. “No one could bind him anymore,” he said hurriedly, as seven stenographers from the city’s leading dailies strained to keep up. “Night and day he was always crying out,” Moody seemed to be saying, “and crying out with a loud voice.” But many of the 13,000 present could hardly hear him. “The solemn stillness was rudely broken,” the Philadelphia Times would later report, by someone trying to “kick his way into the reporters’ box.” It was a gentleman of the press who had arrived late and been barred from the biggest spiritual story to hit the centennial city since Franklin had hosted Whitefield a century and a half before.
“The Greatest Show on Earth”
Authors: Evensen Bruce J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Halfway through D. L. Moody’s IO-week campaign in New York City, Harper’s portrayed the lay exhorter in the pulpit of P. T. Barnum’s Hippodrome, his left hand raised high over his head, summoning his audience heavenward. Barnum himself had been illustrated almost identically by the same publication, when, as a latter-day Noah, he besought his circus animals into his ark at Twenty-sixth Street and Fourth Avenue to give “the greatest show on earth.” The world’s best-known showman had now taken his act on the road, leaving the world’s largest indoor arena to the world’s leading evangelist. Both men were Yankee farm boys who had grown up in the Connecticut River valley, without their fathers. It had thrown both of them back on their own resources, which proved considerable. Each became an eager supersalesman—Moody in ministry, Barnum in the big top—but before their names became known, Moody sold shoes and Barnum Bibles. Each had chosen an enterprise that suited his “natural inclination and temperament.” For each, a “pledged word” was “sacred.” Whatever either did, it was done “with all one’s might” through the use of all available means.
“It Is a Marvel to Many People”
Authors: Evensen Bruce J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
More than a month remained in D. L. Moody’s 1877 New England campaign when the Boston Globe promised to issue a bound volume of its stenographic accounts of the great evangelist’s revival work for those “anxious to secure and treasure” a permanent record of Moody’s winter-long meetings. “So many thousands” had demanded a “complete and authentic” record of Moody’s ministry that the paper was constrained to immodestly admit “the general excellence and uniform accuracy” of its reports compared to the competition. The paper loudly boasted the great man’s imprimatur. “Never,” Moody was inevitably quoted as again saying, had he “been so well reported by any newspaper in the world.”
By the time Moody and his men arrived in Boston, they had all but perfected the techniques of courting and capturing a positive press. The Reverend Joseph Cook, writing the forward to the Globe’s volume, considered it central to the success of Moody’s mission. Many of the 6,000-7,000 people who had nightly filled the Boston Tabernacle to see the spectacle, he felt certain, had first seen stories sanctioning Moody’s purposes and practice.
Galileo in Rome
Authors: Shea William R , Artigas Mariano 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
New research shows the true reason why galileo was condemned. Galileo is one of a small group of thinkers who transformed Western culture. But to be at the forefront of ideas was a dangerous position to take at the turn of the sixteenth century, bringing the philosopher into constant conflict with the might of the curch. Galileo made six long visits to Rome in an attempt to get the church on his side. He was anxious to raise his profile in the Eternal City, where he spent some 500 days, meeting the pope, high-ranking ecclesiastics, and members of the literary establishment as well as other scientists. It offers a regorous, but easy-to-understand, account of what happened during Galileo’s visit to Rome. In the end, he overplayed his hand and the outcome was his dramatic condemnation by the church. Based on extensive archive research, the author paint a far more complex picture of the actions and motivations of both sides than has been published before, and show how it is that Galileo’s failure to impress the church has not prevented him from becoming one of the leading thinkers of the day.
The Augustan Succession: An Historical Commentary on Cassius Dio’s Roman History Books 55-56 (9 B.C.-A.D. 14)
Authors: Swan Peter Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This is an historical commentary on Books 55-56 of Dio’s Roman History. These books recount the last half of the reign of the Emperor Augustus, above all his orchestration of the first imperial succession. Addressed to both students and scholars, the new commentary is the first since the eighteenth century to offer full and fresh treatment of this segment of Dio’s work.
How Dio Portrays Himself
Authors: Swan Peter Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Dio has left us the makings of a vital portrait of himself-in recollections, judgments, attitudes, authorial pronouncements, and in how he presents (or inadvertently reveals) himself, above all in the books that treat his own times.15 Certain aspects of the portrait that emerges from this material are abhorrent in liberal democracies, like his faith in monarchy and a society stratified by class, race, and gender, so that his modern reader must often curb a temptation to dismiss him as reactionary.
Dio’s View Of History
Authors: Swan Peter Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Surveying past and present from the sociopolitical apex of the empire, Dio saw the history of Rome as the hegemonic action on a world stage,39 eclipsing or sub ordinating other histories imperially.40 He deemed its course to be a product of divine as well as secular forces, both integral in the natural order of things. For him “heaven” played an historical role, as it did not for Thucydides. It impinged on human affairs, especially in their ecumenical dimension, and was essential to include in historical explanation.
Dio On Augustus’ Place In Roman History
Authors: Swan Peter Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The program of Dio’s magnum opus offers few surprises to a reader brought up on standard political histories of Rome. From Trojan and Latin origins and the rule of kings (Books 1-2) it passes quickly to the foundation of the Republic, the creation of new institutions, wars of survival against hostile neighbors, and relent less expansion through peninsular Italy (Books 3-10, to 265 B.c.). There follow the collisions with Carthage and the other great transmarine powers whose defeat gave Rome dominion over the Mediterranean world (Books 11-21, 264-146 B.c.). Although Books 22-35 of the History (145-70 a.c.) have been lost almost entirely, their exiguous remains indicate a denser narrative fabric and a slower chronological pace, dictated by the complex domestic and external crises that marked the period from the Gracchi to the coup d’etat of Pompey in 70. From 69 B.c., where we at last have the Roman History intact, Dio’s focus is on the agonies of the Republic out of which Julius Caesar emerged with monarchic power only to fall to counterrevolution in 44 a.c. (Books 36-44). The next twelve books (45-56, 44 B.C.-A.D. 14) contain Dio’s “Augustan” account, which is climaxed by two epochal events. One is Octavian’s victory at Actium in 31 a.c., which made him militarily and politically supreme, closing a century of civil strife. The other is his death and consecration, as Divus Augustus, forty-four years later, after orchestrating the succession and the continuation of the system he had established. There follows in Books 57-76 a gallery of the reigns of his successors from the advent of Tiberius in 14 to the death of Septimius Severus in 211, the original terminus of the History. Dio was later able to extend his narrative to cover the reigns of Severus’ successors Caracalla, Macrinus, and Elegabalus (Books 77-79, 211-222), and to add a highly personal epilogue sketching events from the accession of Severus Alexander in 222 to his own retirement in 229 (Book 80).
The Text Of Books 55-56
Authors: Swan Peter Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We owe the survival of Books 55-56 of Dio’s History to a single parchment codex of the eleventh century, now in Venice, 251 folios long, “in large and very beautiful minuscules.”146 CodexMarcianus no. 395 is truncated front and back; it is also severed by many lacunae, so that only thirty-seven (72 percent) of the original fifty-one folios devoted to Books 55-56 remain. The losses have produced four gaps in Book 55, amounting in all to ten folios (ca 500 lines), and four one-folio gaps in Book 56 (ca 200 lines in all).147 Some parts, usually small, of the missing texts can be retrieved from works of mediaeval Byzantium that used Dio’s History as a source or quany. The most important of these are works of Xiphilinus and Zonaras, containing abridged versions of our two books, and the tenth-century Excerpta Constantiniana.