bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The politics of mobility in technology‐driven commodity chains: developmental coalitions in the Irish software industry
Authors: Ó Riain Seá 
Published: December 2004

Through a case study of the Irish software industry, this article explores how an industry and region that was ‘locked in’ to a dependent relationship of routine production within the global software production network managed to partially move up the production and technology chain to develop more sophisticated operations among foreign firms and in the Irish‐owned sector. Relations within production networks tend to become institutionalized and self‐reproducing. Firms and territories tend to remain locked in to a particular niche, in the absence of a ‘development project’ or coalition that mobilizes resources and cooperation to generate a push into a niche further up the network hierarchy. The push for moving up the network comes when a marginalized or vulnerable group within or on the edges of the network makes an alliance with supportive public agencies. Global production networks institutionalize hierarchical relations, but it remains possible for developmental coalitions to mobilize around the connections and resources within those networks to enter new niches further up these hierarchies. In practice, this requires a concerted and ongoing state policy of industrial development and innovation promotion.A partir du cas de l'industrie irlandaise des logiciels, l'article examine comment un secteur et une région ‘emprisonnés’ dans une relation de dépendance, via une production routinière inscrite dans un réseau mondial de fabrication de logiciels, ont réussi à monter dans la chaîne technologique et productive pour mettre au point des opérations plus sophistiquées au sein d'entreprises étrangères et irlandaises. Les rapports dans les réseaux de production tendent à s'institutionnaliser et à s'auto‐reproduire. Entreprises et territoires restent plutôt prisonniers d'une niche donnée, en l'absence de ‘projet de développement’ ou de coalition mobilisateur de ressources et de coopération, capable de les pousser dans une niche supérieure du réseau hiérarchisé. Cette poussée se crée seulement si un groupe marginalisé ou vulnérable situé dans le réseau ou à sa périphérie s'allie à des organismes publics d'aide. Même si les réseaux de production mondiaux institutionnalisent des liens hiérarchiques, des coalitions de développement peuvent encore se mobiliser autour de contacts et de ressources appartenant à ces réseaux pour pénétrer de nouvelles niches, plus élevées dans les hiérarchies. En pratique, cela exige une politique gouvernementale concertée et durable de développement industriel et de promotion de l'innovation.
Molecular cloning and functional expression of a serotonin receptor from the Southern cattle tick, Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae)
Authors: Chen A. , Holmes S. P. , Pietrantonio P. V. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractA full‐length cDNA encoding a 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) receptor from the Southern cattle tick, Boophilus microplus, was isolated using a strategy based on sequence homology among G protein‐coupled receptors. The deduced amino acid sequence revealed highest identity with Drosophila melanogaster 5HT‐dro2A (Z11489, 50.8%) and 5HT‐dro2B (Z11490, 49.5%) receptors. The receptor was transiently expressed in mammalian HEK293 cells, and Western blot analysis showed the expected 43.3 kDa band. In these cells, application of 5‐HT (10 µm) inhibited forskolin‐induced cAMP synthesis by 26%. The results indicate that the tick receptor is an invertebrate 5‐HT1‐like receptor that couples to Gαi protein.
Development of a new Sindbis virus transducing system and its characterization in three Culicine mosquitoes and two Lepidopteran species
Authors: Foy B. D. , Myles K. M. , Pierro D. J. , Sanchez‐Vargas I. , Uhlířová M. , Jindra M. , Beaty B. J. , Olson K. E. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAlphavirus transducing systems (ATSs) are alphavirus‐based tools for expressing genes in insects. Here we describe an ATS (5′dsMRE16ic) based entirely on Sindbis MRE16 virus. GFP expression was used to characterize alimentary tract infections and dissemination in three Culicine and two Lepidopteran species. Following per os infection, 5′dsMRE16ic‐EGFP efficiently infected Aedes aegypti and Culex tritaeniorhynchus, but not Culex pipiens pipiens. Ae. aegypti clearly showed accumulation of green fluorescent protein (GFP) in the posterior midgut and foregut/midgut junction within 2–3 days postinfection. Following parenteral infection of larvae, Bombyx mori had extensive GFP expression in larvae and adults, but Manduca sexta larvae were mostly resistant. 5′dsMRE16ic should be a valuable tool for gene expression in several important insect species that are otherwise difficult to manipulate genetically.
Establishment and evaluation of a trauma clinic based in a primary care setting
Authors: STEWART S. M. , MACKIE I. C. 
Published: December 2004

Summary.Objectives.  The aim of this study was to establish and evaluate a referral centre for the treatment of children with traumatized teeth in an area remote from a dental hospital.Setting.  The study was conducted in a Community Dental Service clinic in Cheshire, UK.Methods.  A dentist from the Cheshire Community Dental Service was trained in the treatment and management of traumatized teeth. Invite referrals to the trauma clinic in a health centre. The number and types of patients referred and treated at the trauma clinic were monitored. In addition, the parents of referred children and referring dentists were asked to comment on the acceptability of the service.Results.  During the first 12 months, 49 patients with 74 traumatized teeth were referred to the trauma clinic. The majority of the patients were referred by their dentist because problems arose following their initial management. Both parents and referring dentists were very satisfied with the service.Conclusions.  The trauma clinic fulfilled a clinical need, and was well received by the parents of children referred to the clinic and by the local dentists.
Temporary arrest of root development in a premolar of a child with hypodontia and extensive caries
Authors: MCDONNELL S. T. , LIVERSIDGE H. , KINIRONS M. 
Published: December 2004

Summary.The arrested development of a permanent tooth as a sequela to a periradicular infection in a primary predecessor is a rare occurrence. A case is presented where temporary arrest of root development occurred in a premolar of a child with hypodontia and extensive caries. The aetiology, management and outcome are discussed.
Lecturer practitioners in six professions: combining cultures
Authors: Fairbrother Pat , Mathers Nigel J 
Published: December 2004

Background.  Whilst research has been undertaken in relation to the lecturer practitioner role in nursing, there have been no cross‐professional studies. There is an explicit political agenda in the United Kingdom on interprofessional education and enhancing the status of those who provide practice‐based teaching.Aim.  This paper reports a study to investigate the commonalities and differences between lecturer practitioners across professions and to generate hypotheses about the role, which follows different models of practice in the different professions.Methods.  An exploratory research design was adopted, using semi‐structured interviews with a purposive sample of lecturer practitioners from six professions (architecture, clinical psychology, law, medicine, nursing and social work). A grounded theory approach was used.Findings.  All lecturer practitioners perceived a clear dichotomy between their professional practice role and their university role. All used similar strategies to adapt to and deal with combining two very differently perceived cultures. There were striking similarities in response to the consequences of serving ‘two masters’ in the areas of time management and role identity/definition.Conclusions.  The role not only bridges theory and practice, but has to operate within very different organizational cultures. Further research is needed to test the generalizability of the findings.Relevance to clinical practice.  This investigation aims to inform higher education and health service policy on lecturer practitioners, and also provide support for those undertaking this challenging role. The study poses challenging questions for policymakers in the current climate of interprofessional learning, which need to be addressed if future initiatives in this area are to be successful.
CSF circulation disorders: measuring progress in patients through quality of life and hope
Authors: Gelling Leslie , Iddon Joanna , McVicar Andrew , Pickard John D 
Published: December 2004

Background.  Cerebrospinal fluid circulation disorders are complex and multifaceted conditions making reliable assessment of progress problematic.Aims and objectives.  It is the aim of this paper to explore how efficient measures of quality of life and hope might be used to assess clinical progress for patients with disorders of cerebrospinal fluid circulation. It will be argued that a single‐item 10‐point quality of life scale and the Herth Hope Index are as effective at measuring progress as the more widely used, but considerably more complex, Short‐Form 36.Design.  Patients attending a cerebrospinal fluid clinic were sent a questionnaire containing the three measures of progress. Questionnaires were returned in a stamp‐addressed envelope to allow initial analysis before the clinic appointment and to enable discussion of results during the clinic appointment. Patients were also assessed using the Mini‐Mental State Examination during the clinic appointment.Methods.  The relationship between the three measures of progress was calculated using Spearman's rank order correlation. Correlations of 0.40–0.70 are considered modest and correlations of 0.70 are considered strong; 5% levels of significance are considered significant and 1% levels are highly significant. Internal consistency of the Short‐Form 36 was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Reliability was considered acceptable for dimension comparisons when α > 0.70.Results.  All patients were diagnosed with benign intracranial hypertension (n = 74), congenital hydrocephalus (n = 35) or normal pressure hydrocephalus (n = 171). There was a modest to strong correlation between the quality of life‐10 and all eight dimensions of the Short‐Form 36 for benign intracranial hypertension and congenital hydrocephalus patients. A slightly weaker correlation was demonstrated in seven of the eight Short‐Form 36 dimensions for normal pressure hydrocephalus patients. Normal pressure hydrocephalus patients scored significantly lower on the Mini‐Mental State Examination, which may contribute to explaining the weaker correlation between the three measures and the weaker internal consistency between the dimensions with the Short‐Form 36.Conclusions.  This paper demonstrates that efficient indicators of progress (quality of life‐10 and Herth Hope Index) can be as effective at assessing clinical progress as more complex indicators (Short‐Form 36) in patients who do not demonstrate cognitive deficit.Relevance to clinical practice.  For clinical application, the Short‐Form 36 is too long, difficult to complete, score and analyse for these patient groups. Quality of life‐10 and Herth Hope Index could provide efficient and effective measures of clinical progress but this requires further psychometric examination.
Aggressive and violent incidents: perceptions of training and support among staff caring for older people and people with head injury
Authors: Badger Frances , Mullan Barbara 
Published: December 2004

Background.  Reported rates of workplace violence are increasing and studies of violence and aggression to health service staff in the United Kingdom have largely focused upon mental health and accident and emergency units. The study of violence and aggression in other specialties has been neglected. This paper reports the findings from a survey of staff perceptions of training and support in an elderly care and head injury unit.Aims and objectives.  Staff in a care of older people and head injury unit, half of whom were nurses, were surveyed to identify their experiences of violence and aggression in the workplace, their receipt of training, the relevance of training and knowledge of support services.Methods.  An anonymous semi‐structured questionnaire was sent to all nursing, therapy and psychology staff in the unit. Quantitative data were analysed by SPSS and content analysis was adopted for the qualitative data.Results.  Just over half the participants had experienced an incident of violence or aggression in the past 12 months. Training was judged to be relevant by almost 90% of respondents but was not always delivered in line with trust guidance. Staff who had been involved in incidents were more likely to identify training needs. A higher percentage of nurses than other professions were involved in incidents, but they were not as aware of the staff support department as other professional groups.Conclusions.  The findings indicate that care of older people and head injury units should examine more closely the delivery of staff training on violence and aggression, and invite staff to identify their training needs. A national survey of approaches to staff support may be worthwhile.Relevance to clinical practice.  Staff who had received training judged it to be relevant to their working situations, but outstanding training needs should be identified and addressed. Confidential staff support facilities should be well publicized.
Can the brain inhibit inflammation generated in the skin? The lesson of α‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone
Authors: Lotti Torello , Bianchi Beatrice , Ghersetich Ilaria , Brazzini Benedetta , Hercogova Jana 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe neuro‐immuno‐cutaneous‐endocrine network is not a simple construct featuring organ systems intimately involved in the bridge between body and mind. Mind‐body influences are bi‐directional and the skin should be considered an active neuroimmunoendocrine interface, where effector molecules of neuropeptides act as common words used in a dynamic dialogue between brain, immune system and skin. Alpha‐melanocyte stimulating hormone (α‐MSH), one of the principal neuroimmunomodulating peptides, seems to exercise some control on the cutaneous inflammatory process, through a central action mediated by descending anti‐ inflammatory neural pathways and via local direct influence on inflammatory cells infiltrating the dermis, such as monocytes, macrophages and neutrophils. α‐MSH down‐regulates the production of proinflammatory cytokines, while the production of the anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10 is stimulated by α‐MSH. Finally, α‐MSH seems to regulate the expression of surface molecules in immunocompetent cells. Thus, further studies may lead to the use of α‐MSH as an important anti‐inflammatory agent in clinical dermatology.
Adaptive allocation of stress-induced deformities on bird feathers
Authors: Jovani R. , Blas J. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Physiological stress during ontogeny is known to cause abnormalities in keratin structures of vertebrates, but little is known about if and how organisms have evolved mechanisms to reduce the negative effects of these abnormalities. Stress experienced during avian feather growth is known to lead to the formation of fault bars, and thereby to the weakening of feathers because of shortage and slimming of barbules. Here we propose and test a new hypothesis (the ‘fault bar allocation hypothesis’) according to which birds should have evolved adaptive strategies to counteract this evolutionary pressure. In particular, we predicted and tested the idea that in flying birds, natural selection should have selected for mechanisms to reduce fault bar load on feathers with high strength requirements during flight. Data on the growth of feathers of nestling white storks (Ciconia ciconia) revealed a consistent allocation of more, and more intense, fault bars in innermost than in outermost wing feathers as predicted by our hypothesis. Moreover, the same pattern emerged from feathers of adult storks. We discuss the generality of our results, and suggest avenues for further investigations in this area.
Female ambrosia beetles adjust their offspring sex ratio according to outbreeding opportunities for their sons
Authors: Peer K. , Taborsky M. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Recent studies on the effect of local mate competition (LMC) on sex ratios have focused on the effect of post-dispersal mating success by males. A higher proportion of males is expected to be produced as the potential for outbreeding increases. Here we demonstrate that males of a haplodiploid ambrosia beetle with LMC disperse to seek additional matings, and brood sex ratios increase with outbreeding opportunities in the field. Manipulations in the laboratory confirm that females produce more sons when the post-dispersal mating prospects of their sons are experimentally increased. This is the first study showing that male dispersal options may influence individual female sex allocation decisions in species with strong LMC.
Approximating prediction error covariances among additive genetic effects within animals in multiple‐trait and random regression models
Authors: Tier B. , Meyer K. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryA method for approximating prediction error variances and covariances among estimates of individual animals’ genetic effects for multiple‐trait and random regression models is described. These approximations are used to calculate the prediction error variances of linear functions of the terms in the model. In the multiple‐trait case these are indexes of estimated breeding values, and for random regression models these are estimated breeding values at individual points on the longitudinal scale. Approximate reliabilities for terms in the model and linear functions thereof are compared with corresponding reliabilities obtained from the inverse of the coefficient matrix in the mixed model equations. Results show good agreement between approximate and ‘true’ values.
Characteristics of image‐detected solid renal masses: Implication for optimal treatment
Authors: LI GUORONG , CUILLERON MURIEL , GENTIL‐PERRET ANNE , TOSTAIN JACQUES 
Published: December 2004

AbstractBackground:  Solid renal masses are found increasingly. Further analysis of the characteristics of solid renal masses is useful for optimal treatment.Methods:  A retrospective analysis of all solid renal masses was conducted from December 1998 to May 2003 at the Urology Department, Central University Hospital of Saint‐Etienne, France. A total of 162 solid renal masses were treated. The preoperative imaging diagnosis of ultrasound and computed tomography, and final pathological results were reviewed.Results:  One hundred and forty‐five tumors were pathologically confirmed to be renal cell carcinomas (RCC); 17 tumors (10.5%) were benign. There were eight renal oncocytomas, eight renal angiomyolipomas and one benign mixed epithelial/stroma tumor. Three oncocytomas and five angiomyolipomas were strongly suspected before surgery. The majority of the benign tumors were ≤4 cm. The percentage of small benign tumors (≤4 cm) was significantly higher than large benign tumors (>4 cm). Although it is possible to use imaging to detect some benign tumors, the majority of benign tumors cannot be diagnosed definitively by imaging before surgery.Conclusions:  Malignancy in solid renal masses is tumor‐size related. Benign solid renal tumors appear mainly as small‐sized tumors. The preoperative differentiation between an RCC and a benign tumor can be difficult. Our data suggest that a biopsy is necessary in selected patients to achieve the maximum accuracy in order to provide optimal treatment.
Decreased expression of KAI1 metastasis suppressor gene is a recurrence predictor in primary pTa and pT1 urothelial bladder carcinoma
Authors: SU JING‐SHI , ARIMA KIMINOBU , HASEGAWA MARIKO , FRANCO OMAR E. , UMEDA YOSHIKI , YANAGAWA MAKOTO , SUGIMURA YOSHIKI , KAWAMURA JUICHI 
Published: December 2004

AbstractObjective:  To examine the expression of the KAI1 metastasis suppressor gene and to evaluate its relationship with tumor recurrence in primary pTa and pT1 urothelial bladder carcinoma.Methods:  Samples were obtained from 87 patients after transurethral resection (TUR). Tumor stage and grade were reviewed in 33 patients with pTa and in 54 patients with pT1, with a mean follow‐up time of 47.4 ± 30.1 months. The KAI1 protein immunohistochemical assay was performed. Prognosis was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox's proportional hazards model. Correlation between KAI1 expression and recurrence according to each clinicopathological factor was comparatively evaluated using the chi‐squared test.Results:  Decreased expression of KAI1 protein failed to reach statistical significance for stage (P = 0.25) or morphology of tumor stem (P = 0.19), but it was significantly related to tumor size (P = 0.016). The recurrence‐free 5‐year survival rates of the group with decreased KAI1 expression was 69.7%, which was significantly higher than the 22.2% for the KAI1‐positive group (P < 0.0001). In univariate and multivariate analyses, decreased expression of KAI1 protein, stage pT1, tumor size >3 cm and sessile tumors were independent prognosis factors of recurrence. Despite the lower recurrence rate expected by considering only the clinicopathological factors, decreased KAI1 expression was able to identify the group with a high risk of recurrence.Conclusions:  Downregulated KAI1 expression in bladder tumors tends to relate to stage and morphology of the tumor stem and was significantly correlated to tumor size. Decreased expression of KAI1 was associated with the degree of invasiveness and progression of the cancer and was an independent prognostic factor of recurrence in primary pTa and pT1 urothelial bladder carcinoma.
Reproducibility of tilt‐table test result in patients with malignant neurocardiogenic syncope
Authors: Omar A. R. , Ng K.‐S. , Ng W.‐L. , Sutandar A. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe indication for permanent pacemaker remains controversial in malignant neurocardiogenic syncope. A highly reproducible prolonged pause during a repeat head‐up tilt‐table testing may identify a subgroup of neurally mediated syncope with a prominent and consistent cardioinhibitory component. Seven patients (3 females) with a mean age of 30 years (23−44 years) were diagnosed to have malignant neurocardiogenic ­syncope; all are classified according to the Vasovagal Syncope International Study as 2B type, with observed sinus pauses ranged from 3 s to 26 s of which only 1 demonstrated a reproducible sinus pause. No recurrence of syncope was clinically observed in patients during the follow‐up period. Of 6 patients treated non‐­pharmacologically, one required a beta‐blocker and none required a permanent pacemaker. Prolonged asystole manifest during head‐up tilt‐table testing is a poorly reproducible phenomenon and permanent pacemaker implantation in malignant neurocardiogenic syncope should not be a first line therapy. (Intern Med J 2004; 34: 504−506)