bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cationic and Neutral Rhodium(I) Oxazolinylcarbene Complexes
Authors: César Vincent , Bellemin‐Laponnaz Stéphane , Gade Lutz H. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractReaction of [Rh(μ‐OtBu)(diene)]2 [diene = 1,5‐cyclooctadiene (COD) or bicyclo[2.2.1]hepta‐2,5‐diene (NBD)] with the oxazolinylcarbene ligand precursor 2‐(4,4‐dimethyl)oxazolinylimidazolium bromide (“Me2carboxH+Br−”, 2) yielded the five‐coordinate complexes [RhBr(Me2carbox)(diene)] [diene = COD (3), NBD (4)]. Single‐crystal X‐ray structure analyses established a distorted trigonal bipyramidal configuration for 3, whereas the molecular structure of 4 is distorted square pyramidal. The dynamic properties of these five‐coordinate complexes have been investigated by variable temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy, indicating polytopal rearrangements of the five‐coordinate complexes. The two compounds were converted into the square‐planar cationic complexes [Rh(Me2carbox)(diene)]+ (5 and 6, respectively), which have been isolated and fully characterised. The rhodium complex [RhBr(Me2carbox)(CO)] (7) was obtained in high yield in a one‐step reaction of the ligand precursor 2 and [Rh(acac)(CO)2] (acac = acetylacetonate). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Gadolinium DTPA‐Monoamide Complexes Incorporated into Mixed Micelles as Possible MRI Contrast Agents
Authors: Parac‐Vogt Tatjana N. , Kimpe Kristof , Laurent Sophie , Piérart Corinne , Elst Luce Vander , Muller Robert N. , Binnemans Koen 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFour monoamide derivatives of Gd−DTPA with alkyl chains consisting of 12, 14, 16, or 18 carbon atoms were synthesized. The gadolinium(III) complexes with chain lengths of 14, 16 or 18 carbon atoms were efficiently incorporated into mixed micelles whereas the complex with a chain length of 12 carbon atoms was not incorporated into a micellar structure. The size distribution of the micelles was measured by photon correlation spectroscopy. The mean sizes of the micelles for all the complexes lay within a narrow range, typically between 11 and 20 nm. The NMRD curves of the gadolinium(III) DTPA‐monoamide complexes incorporated into mixed micelles display higher relaxivity values than the commercially available Gd−DTPA contrast agent. Moreover, micelles with gadolinium DTPA‐monoamide complexes showed higher relaxivities than micelles containing the corresponding gadolinium DTPA‐bis(amide) complexes, most likely because of a more efficient exchange of the coordinated water molecule. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Patient satisfaction with treatment in eating disorders: cause for complacency or concern?
Authors: Clinton David , Björck Caroline , Sohlberg Staffan , Norring Claes 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe present study explored treatment satisfaction among eating disorder patients participating in a Swedish multicentre study (N = 469) who had been followed up 36 months after initial assessment. Satisfaction was measured using a questionnaire focusing on initial reception at the treatment unit, suitability of treatment, ability of staff to listen and understand, confidence in the unit and agreement on treatment goals. After 36 months, 38% of patients were ‘highly satisfied’ with treatment, while 39% were ‘satisfied’ and 23% were ‘unsatisfied’. Satisfaction was predicted by treatment interventions focusing on support and increased control of eating problems. Although unsatisfied patients were characterized by significantly higher levels of eating disorder psychopathology and psychiatric symptoms as well as more negative interpersonal profiles at follow‐up, these patients had been virtually indistinguishable from the other groups at initial assessment, with a few notable exceptions. Unsatisfied patients had previously been less prepared to change their eating habits, had higher levels of conflict with their fathers, had a lesser degree of present weight acceptance and tended to expect less from treatment interventions focusing on control of eating problems. It is concluded that, although we may be successful in engaging and satisfying patients who are predisposed to therapeutic strategies focusing on support and control of eating problems, we may be less successful with those who have a greater number of interpersonal problems and who are not as focused on their symptoms of disordered eating. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Eating Disorder Inventory for Children (EDI‐C): effects of age and gender in a Swedish sample
Authors: Thurfjell Barbro , Edlund Birgitta , Arinell Hans , Hägglöf Bruno , Garner David M. , Engström Ingemar 
Published: June 2004

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the Swedish version of the Eating Disorder Inventory for Children (EDI‐C) from a gender and developmental perspective and to provide normative data.MethodsData were collected within seven cross‐sectional projects. Completed questionnaires, from 2070 boys and 2655 girls in grades 4–12, were included.ResultsThe psychometric properties of EDI‐C in non‐clinical groups of girls and adolescent boys resemble those found for adolescent girls with an eating disorder. Significant differences were found between genders, grades and pre‐adolescent and adolescent groups. An increase in drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction and problems with interoceptive awareness and impulse regulation characterized the adolescent girls. Maturity fears, interpersonal distrust and social insecurity decreased during adolescence for both genders.ConclusionsThe results indicate that the EDI‐C could well be used for both boys and girls, although separate norms are recommended for pre‐adolescents and adolescents as well as for boys and girls. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Characteristics of the anterolateral thigh flap in a Western population and its application in head and neck reconstruction
Authors: Yu Peirong 
Published: June 2004

AbstractBackground.Although the anterolateral thigh flap has been extensively used for head and neck reconstruction in Asia, reported variations of vascular anatomy seem confusing and may have contributed to the unpopularity of this flap in the United States. The purposes of this study are to classify the vascular anatomy and to assess the suitability of this flap for head and neck reconstruction in a Western population.Methods.Seventy‐two consecutive anterolateral thigh flaps for head and neck reconstruction was retrospectively reviewed.Results.The number of cutaneous perforators for the anterolateral thigh flap ranged from one to three. On the basis of their location and origin, a simple classification system is introduced to assist flap dissection. Of the 72 thighs explored, 68 flaps (94%) were raised successfully.Conclusions.The vascular anatomy of the flap follows predictable patterns. The anterolateral thigh flap is well suited for head and neck reconstruction in Westerners. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 26: 759–769, 2004
Significant proportion of breast and/or ovarian cancer families of French Canadian descent harbor 1 of 5 BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations
Authors: Oros Kathleen K. , Ghadirian Parviz , Greenwood Celia M.T , Perret Chantal , Shen Zhen , Paredes Yosabeth , Arcand Suzanna L. , Mes‐Masson Anne‐Marie , Narod Steven A. , Foulkes William D. , Provencher Diane , Tonin Patricia N. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractIn 1998, we reported that a significant proportion of breast and/or ovarian cancer families of French Canadian descent harbor specific germline mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 attributed to common founders. Here we report the frequency of previously described mutations (n = 7) and 13 mutations identified in French Canadian families since 1998, in a new group of families (n = 88). Four of the previously described mutations, 4446C>T, 2953delGTAinsC, 8765delAG and 6085C>T, account for 72% and 69% of mutation‐positive families in previously (n = 81) and recently ascertained groups, respectively. Only 2 of 13 recently identified mutations were found in more than 1 family: 3875delGTCT (n = 2) and 3398delAAAAG (n = 4). The 2 groups (ascertained pre‐ and post‐gene discovery) did not differ significantly when distribution of mutations based on cancer syndrome phenotype and age of diagnosis or number of breast cancer cases were compared. Five common mutations accounted for a significant proportion (84%) of all mutation‐positive families. The age of diagnosis of female breast cancer in mutation‐negative families was significantly higher than that of the mutation‐positive families (p<0.0001). The total number of cases of cancer per family was significantly lower in mutation‐negative than mutation‐positive families (p<0.001). Our results define a new mutation panel for screening BRCA1/2 mutations and the phenotype of mutation‐positive families harboring the common mutations in the French Canadian population. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
p150 Overexpression in gastric carcinoma: The association with p53, apoptosis and cell proliferation
Authors: Chen Gaoping , Burger Max M. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractTo clarify the significance of p150 expression, 102 gastric carcinomas were immunohistochemically investigated and 14 fresh samples of the cancer were analyzed with the immunoblot method. Tumor cell apoptosis was assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)‐mediated dUTP‐digoxigenin nick end labeling (TUNEL). Both Ki‐67 antigen and p53 expression were analyzed immunohistochemically. Eighty‐six out of 102 (85%) gastric cancers stained positively for p150. All 14 tumors analyzed by Western blotting overexpressed p150. Statistical analysis revealed a close association between p150 overexpression and the clinicopathologic parameters of gastric cancer. All well‐differentiated cancers showed high p150 expression (p < 0.005). Furthermore, high p150 expression was more frequently seen in tumors at early invasive stages (p < 0.005), in tumors without metastases (both local and distant, p < 0.005) and in early TNM stages (p < 0.005) in general. As we have found for cervix and esophagus carcinoma, when tumors progress to high malignancy and metastasis, p150 begins to regress and then breaks down. A good correlation of p150 expression, but not p53 expression, with tumor cell apoptosis could be demonstrated (p < 0.01). The Ki‐67 labeling index, i.e., the index for a proliferative marker, showed no correlation with either p150 or p53 expression. The results suggest that p150 may be a new early tumor marker for gastric carcinoma similar to that for esophagus and cervix carcinoma. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Large Area Monodomain Order in Colloidal Crystals
Authors: Ruhl Tilmann , Spahn Peter , Winkler Holger , Hellmann Goetz P. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractSummary: In previous papers, a novel melt process was reported for the preparation of colloidal crystals exhibiting the crystalline structure of opals. Latex spheres with a hard, crosslinked core and a grafted‐on elastomeric shell flow at elevated temperatures under uniaxial compression much like other polymer melts. However, the spheres start crystallizing at the plates of the press, whereupon the crystalline order grows, layer by layer, into the flowing melt. In this report, the domain order of opal disks thus obtained is discussed, together with the phenomena of light reflection. The pattern of light reflected from the (220) plane of the fcc lattice reveals that, during compression, this lattice is oriented macroscopically by the radial melt flow so that each radial sector of the opal disk forms a crystalline monodomain.Film of latex spheres with colloidal crystalline order prepared by melt compression of PS/PMMAcsPEA core‐shell latex spheres.magnified imageFilm of latex spheres with colloidal crystalline order prepared by melt compression of PS/PMMAcsPEA core‐shell latex spheres.
A finite element porothermoelastic model for dual‐porosity media
Authors: Nair R. , Abousleiman Y. , Zaman M. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractAn existing dual‐porosity finite element model has been extended to include thermo‐hydro‐mechanical coupling in both media. The model relies on overlapping distinct continua for the fluid and solid domains. In addition, conductive and convective heat transfers are incorporated using a single representative thermodynamics continuum. The model is applied to the problem of an inclined borehole drilled in a fractured formation subjected to a three‐dimensional state of stress and, a temperature gradient between the drilling fluid and the formation. A sensitivity analysis has been carried out to study the impact of thermal loading, effect of heat transport by pore fluid flow and, the effect of parameters of the secondary medium used to represent the fractures. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Guest–host chemistry with dendrimers: Stable polymer assemblies by rational design
Authors: Pittelkow Michael , Christensen Jørn B. , Meijer E. W. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractA new type of guest has been designed and synthesized for the exo‐type supramolecular functionalization of adamantyl‐urea‐terminated poly(propylene imine) dendrimers. This new type of guest motif features a uriedo methane sulfonic acid moiety that binds very selectively to the surfaces of dendrimers via a combination of noncovalent interactions forming well‐defined complexes. The guest–host properties have been examined for a fifth‐generation adamantyl‐urea‐functionalized poly(propylene imine) dendrimer capable of binding 32 guest molecules and for a model host molecule that can bind only one guest molecule. The guest–host chemistry has been studied with 1H NMR spectroscopy, nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy NMR spectroscopy, T1‐relaxation NMR experiments, and IR spectroscopy. The 1:32 ratio with the dendrimer has been confirmed unambiguously from 1H NMR spectra of the complex after size exclusion chromatography. Competition experiments with guests bearing a carboxylic acid instead of a sulfonic acid in the binding motif have demonstrated that the sulfonic acid has superior binding strength. Also, the importance of a combination of noncovalent interactions has been shown via competition experiments with a guest lacking the uriedo moiety. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 3792–3799, 2004
A survey of vapor cloud explosions: Second update
Authors: Lenoir Eric M. , Davenport John A. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractSince publishing a listing of vapor cloud explosion incidents in 1977 and 1983, Industrial Risk Insurers has maintained an active database on these incidents. This second update gives the available data and reference sources on all known incidents.Modeling of blast effects of vapor cloud explosions has evolved in recent years. The multi‐energy method is very promising but presently only models quiescent clouds. Losses show that quiescent dispersion of clouds is not always realistic. Explosively dispersed clouds or violent dispersion of clouds have occurred recently. Very powerful explosions have resulted.As an insurance company trying to evaluate worst case scenarios, it is essential that research focuses on the modeling of explosively dispersed clouds or very turbulent clouds. The applicability of the multi‐energy method or the development of new methods for turbulent clouds should be investigated.
A simulation‐based decision support system for a pharmaceuticals manufacturing plant
Authors: Bernstein George , Carlson Eric C. , Felder Richard M. , Bokeny Roger E. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractA drive to achieve manufacturing excellence is underway within the speciality chemicals industry. Components of this objective include improving capabilities for efficient technical and market information processes; responding quickly to changes in market demands and to the introduction of new product; reducing the time‐consuming and costly overhead associated with documentation, recordkeeping, and safety; and coordinating the activities of operating and management personnel, scientists and engineers, and management information specialists to create a fully integrated smoothly functioning organization [1].
A safety evaluation framework for process hazards management in chemical facilities with PES‐based controls
Authors: Drake Elisabeth M. , Thurston Clark W. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe chemical industry today is in transition, with increasing emphasis on total quality control along with needs to meet ever more stringent levels of health, safety, and environmental management. Fortunately, these needs are being met by tremendous strides in process monitoring and control instrumentation. Microprocessor‐based process sensors, programmable electronic systems (PESs), and precision throttling valves now improve the implementation and maintenance of complex process control strategies, with operators interacting with the process through modern human/machine interfaces. Sophisticated graphical displays and powerful control algorithms aid the operators in their work. Many formerly manual tasks are being automated. Some sources of human error are reduced by the use of PES controls, but these systems introduce new and different potential sources of error, leading to new implementation considerations.Many of the hazard identification and risk assessment methodologies used today are based on techniques that assume independence of failures. However, possibilities for common mode failures and covert faults are greatly increased in process control systems that make use of PES technology. PES controls are interconnected through data highways; use common hardware and software functions in many modules; and may depend on central supervisory control computers for some critical control data. Today, achieving plant safety is a systems issue, requiring an integrated analysis with inputs from each of the disciplines involved in design and operation, as well as the guidance of safety and risk specialists. This article presents a systematic, semi‐quantitative approach to total system safety design in which modern programmable electronic monitoring and control systems are integrated with traditional administrative and engineering controls to achieve acceptable levels of operating risk. The philosophy presented is a reflection of the consensus of a group of experienced control system specialists from some ten leading companies.
Utilization and results of hazard and operability studies in a petroleum refinery
Authors: Pully Angela S. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe petroleum refining industry has been performing hazard analyses in process units to some extent since at least 1988 and in earnest since 1990, when the American Petroleum Institute published Recommended Practice No. 750, “Process Hazards Management.” The Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOPS) is the most widely used of the various analysis techniques available, in part because this highly structured technique is easy to teach and well‐suited for continuous process units.The results of HAZOPS fall into two broad categories, tangible and intangible. The tangible results are obvious: worksheets which detail event scanarios for potential process deviations, and action items, or recommendations for changes to process equipment of procedures. In many cases, the action items address issues which have a purely economic impact or which are procedural in nature, involving little or no capital investment.The intangible results or products of a HAZOPS include: the training and knowledge gained by the team participants, and better utilization of limited capital funds resulting from more detailed up‐front engineering when a HAZOPS is required prior to funding. An aggressive HAZOPS schedule also aids facilities in planning resources for process safety information updates where the necessary P&ID's or PFD's are out‐of‐date.This paper details the experiences with HAZOPS at Chevron U.S.A. Products Company's Pascagoula, Mississippi Refinery. The manner in which HAZOPS are performed, the types of results obtained, and the benefits of the HAZOPS program will be discussed.
Energency response shortstop inhibition during the approach to an acrylic acid runaway polymerization
Authors: Levy Leon B. , Lakin Michael B. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe most common cause for runaway polymerizations of glacial acrylic acid (AA) is overheating of the material due to mechanical failure, human error, or nearby fire. Under such circumstances, dissolved oxygen (D.O) is consumed more rapidly than the AA stabilizer, p‐methoxyphenol (MEHQ), and “oxygen stravation” is the immediate cause of polymerization onset. From the known kinetics of oxygen disappearance, it is possible to calculate D.O. concentrations during a heatup period and to predict the time remaining until that concentration becomes unacceptably low. This information provides guidance for the timely activation of an emergency response shortstop inhibitor injection system so that there is enough time for adequate mixing of the inhibitor, phenothiazine (PTZ), to prevent or mitigate the polymerization.
Prediction of vessel and piping failure rates in chemical process plants using the Thomas model
Authors: Medhekar Subodh R. , Bley Dennis C. , Gekler Willard C. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFaced with the lack of historical data or access to specific plant maintenance records, the analyst can estimate failure rates for plant‐specific vessels and pipes using the Thomas model. The model uses available information regarding the vessel shape, size, and thickness along with the construction details of the vessel or pipe (number and type of welds, etc.). Maintenance and inspection history of the equipment can also be factored into the model, allowing the model to reflect the analyst's state of knowledge about the impact of these observed praictices on predicted failure rates. The model was orginally developed using a large database for predicting vessel and pipe failures for the nuclear industry but can be equally applicable to the chemical industry. Any additional information about plant‐specific failures can be easily factored into the analysis by using Bayesian techniques.In the present application, the Thomas model was used to predict failure rates of process vessels storing corrosive and hazardous chemicals. Engineering judgement was used in making the model reflect the corrosive properties of the stored chemicals and the effectiveness of the inspection programs. Finally, the results of the model were compared with available industry wide data sources and were found to be reasonable.