bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Yogurt on Human Body Weight: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Experiments
Authors: Kaiser Kathryn A , Jeansonne Madeline M , Brown Andrew W 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveTo quantify body weight outcomes from randomized studies using added yogurt as a weight loss intervention.DesignWe extracted body weight or body composition outcomes and used a random effects summary of mean differences between treatment and control groups to evaluate overall effects on body weight/body composition outcomes.Data SourcesCochrane Library and SCOPUS were searched from inception to September 1, 2015. We used search terms: (“yogurt” OR “yoghurt”) AND (“body weight” OR “obesity”), with limits on Human studies published in the English language.Review MethodsTwo authors reviewed potential studies according to the following inclusion criteria: Participants were randomly assigned; the study sample was on healthy human adults or children of any age; the intervention duration was at least one week; and body weight or body composition was measured by researchers (no self‐report) and the outcomes were reported (no non‐reported data sought).ResultsSix studies were included (N = 242 total participants, 13 comparisons). Most comparisons were between yogurt and other dairy interventions. Two of thirteen comparisons reported significant differences in weight, one favoring yogurt, and one favoring the alternative. Meta‐analysis showed no significant weight change overall: Mean Difference = − 0.02 Kg; 95% Confidence Interval = −0.40 to 0.35; p = 0.90. Low heterogeneity was observed (I2 = 8%).ConclusionsExisting randomized evidence does not support the hypothesis that yogurt uniquely and significantly affects weight. Data are limited by a small number of studies, with small sample sizes within each study.Support or Funding InformationFunded by internal university funds.
Milk and Dairy Foods and Growth Parameters among Adolescents
Authors: Nezami Manijeh , Sabate Joan , Beeson Larry , Segovia‐Siapco Gina 
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUNDChildhood obesity is associated with a greater chance of a lifetime of obesity and disability in adulthood. Evidence suggests that dairy at recommended levels could be beneficial in maintaining normal weight and body composition.OBJECTIVEDetermine whether dairy food consumption is associated with anthropometric indicators of health (weight‐for‐age z‐scores [WAZ], height‐for‐age z‐scores [HAZ], body mass index z‐scores [BMIZ], waist‐to‐height ratio [WHtR], waist circumference, fat‐free mass [FFM], and fat mass [FM]) in adolescents (ages 12–18).METHODSA cross‐sectional study was conducted among 536 adolescents (231 males and 305 females) using a semi‐quantitative food frequency questionnaire containing 151 food items of which 34 were dairy‐containing foods. Dairy foods were categorized into milk, cheese, sweetened dairy, and total dairy. Weight, height, waist circumference, and body composition were measured during school visits.RESULTSMean total dairy intake for boys was 3.39 (SD=2.04) and 2.66 (SD=1.61) servings/day for girls. In multiple regression analysis, total dairy intake was significantly associated with FFM (β=4.83 [95% CI: 1.79, 7.87], p=0.002) and FM (β=3.89 [95% CI: 0.58, 7.21], p=0.021), and cheese intake is significantly associated with FFM (β=4.22 [95% CI: 0.98, 7.47], p=0.011) only in boys but not in girls, even after controlling for energy and other confounders. Total dairy intake is positively associated with WHtR (β=0.02 [95% CI: 0.00, 0.04], p=0.039) in boys only. There was no significant association between total dairy or any of the dairy subgroups (milk, cheese or sweetened dairy) and BMIZ, whereas a significant positive association persisted between total dairy intake and WAZ (β=0.25 [95% CI: 0.00, 0.49], p=0.045) and HAZ (β=0.28 [95% CI: 0.04, 0.52], p=0.021) even after controlling for confounders.CONCLUSIONSNo specific dairy subgroup was associated with the anthropometric parameters but milk seems to be associated with WHtR. In this adolescent population, dairy consumption seems to influence the growth in both genders, and the body composition and central obesity in boys. Prospective studies may be needed to identify how dairy foods and types of dairy foods are related to the growth, body composition, and general and central obesity of adolescents.Support or Funding InformationThe original study was funded by White Wave Foods. No funding was received for this study
Cardiovascular and Lifestyle Factors Influencing the Metabolic Syndrome in Overweight and Obese Participants of a Randomised Clinical Trial
Authors: Tapsell Linda , Humphries Allison , Neale Elizabeth , Batterham Marijka 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundIdentifying individuals most at risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS) and therefore cardiovascular disease (CVD) is informative for disease prevention in the primary healthcare context.MethodsThis is a secondary analysis of baseline data on participants in a healthy lifestyle clinical trial (the HealthTrack study). Participants were community volunteers aged 25–54 years with a BMI 25–40kg/m2. Measurements included MetS [1], cardiovascular disease (CVD) [2] and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk [3], weight, % body fat, dietary intake, ankle brachial index (ABI), physical activity, socio‐economic position and psychological profile. Backward stepwise linear regression was used to assess association of lifestyle factors with presence of MetS and linear regression was used to examine the association between MetS and risk of CVD, CHD and ABI. The study is registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ANZCTRN12614000581662).Results373 participants were included in the analysis with 130 (34.9%) being categorised as having MetS at baseline. The multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the baseline covariates that were significantly and positively associated with the presence of metabolic syndrome were being male (coefficient 0.52, p=0.04), higher BMI (coefficient 1.26, p=0.00) and older age (coefficient 1.08, p=0.00). All other covariates dropped out of the multivariate regression. Data were available on 351 participants for assessment of Framingham risk. Participants with MetS at baseline had a 4.37% increase in CVD risk and were 7.8 times more likely to be at moderate risk of CHD than those without MetS. However MetS was not predictive of peripheral artery disease.ConclusionsBy studying overweight and obese volunteers for a healthy lifestyle intervention trial we confirmed that those most likely to develop MetS are older, overweight males and those with MetS have a higher risk of developing CVD. Primary healthcare preventative programs may need to target this population.Support or Funding InformationThis study was funded by the Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and the California Walnut Commission. The funding bodies were not involved in the analysis and interpretation of data, or writing of the report. Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute facilities were used for conducting the study, including the collection of data.
Serum Advanced Glycation End‐products (AGE) of Humans Before and After Consumption of an AGE‐rich Meal
Authors: Powers Hayley , Breunig Anton , Verissimo Francielle , Silvamen Talitha , Oliveira Aline , de Oliveira Marianne , de Araujo Lima Sarah , Maher Margaret 
Published: November 2023

Advanced glycation end‐products (AGE) are products of non‐enzymatic reactions between free amino groups and the carbonyl groups of reducing sugars in foods cooked at high temperatures. They are also formed in the body during normal cellular metabolism. Previous studies in humans and other animals have linked elevated blood AGE to vascular damage, oxidative stress, inflammation, aging, and/or chronic diseases, such as diabetes. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among metabolic syndrome risk factors and serum AGE levels after consumption of an AGE‐rich meal of fried ham, scrambled eggs, toast, butter and ultra high temperature (UHT)‐pasteurized milk. ELISA was used to quantify serum AGE values. Metabolic and cardiovascular risk‐related parameters (mean ± SEM) examined included fasting blood glucose (89 ± 2 mg/dL, range 76–107 mg/dL ), total cholesterol (197 ± 8 mg/dL, range 139–282 mg/dL), HDL (60 ± 4 mg/dL, range 35–99 mg/dL), LDL (113 ± 7 mg/dL, range 64–211 mg/dL), triglycerides (123 ± 11 mg/dL, range 50–213 mg/dL), blood pressure (SBP = 120 ± 2 mmHg; DBP = 76 ± 2 mmHg, range SBP 106–140 mmHg; DBP 62–92 mmHg), and BMI (25.5 ± 1.1, range 20.3–36.6). Blood samples were collected prior to (fasted) and two hours following consumption of the AGE‐rich meal. Of twenty‐two participants, ranging in age from 18–58 years, eight showed increased AGE levels, fourteen showed decreased AGE levels, and eight exhibited a change of less than five units following the meal. The average pre‐meal serum AGE level was 81.5 ± 4.8 μg/mL (range 35.9–135.3 μg/mL), while the average two hour post‐meal serum AGE level decreased to 78.3 ± 4.9 μg/mL (range 14.0–125.3 μg/mL). No correlation between metabolic syndrome risk factors and serum AGE (pre‐meal, post‐meal, or pre‐post difference) was found, possibly related to a low number of subjects exhibiting more than one risk factor for metabolic syndrome. However, it was observed that two hours post‐meal consumption, mean serum AGE levels were lowered, which is consistent with other studies at two hours post consumption. In other longer studies of the effects of dietary AGE, increases in AGE levels peak later following AGE‐rich meals. The reason for the decrease of serum AGE at two hours post consumption in this and other studies is unknown and warrants further examination and explanation.Support or Funding InformationThis research was supported by the Dean of Science and Health and Office of International Education at the University of Wisconsin ‐ La Crosse.
The Impact of Supplementation with Omega‐3 Long‐Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Adolescents
Authors: Inda‐Icaza Patricia , Lopez‐Alarcon Mardia , de Lourdes Barbosa‐Cortez Maria , Marquez Concepcion , Armenta‐Alvarez Andrea , Bram‐Falcon Maria Teresa , Mayorga‐Ochoa Marielle 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveTo demonstrate the impact of supplementation with n‐3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 LCPUFA) on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) of obese adolescents.Material and methodsIn a randomized clinical design, obese individuals were selected and randomly assigned to receive 1.2 g n‐3 LCPUFA daily during 3 months together with a hypocaloric diet (O3), or 1.0 g sunflower oil and a similar diet as placebo (P). Dietary information, using the multiple pass 24h‐recall questionnaire, blood pressure and anthropometry were monthly registered. Peripheral blood samples were obtained at inclusion and at the end of follow‐up to determine fasting glucose, triglycerides (TAG) and HDL‐cholesterol (HDL‐C) by colorimetric methods. To diagnose MS we used the IDF cutoff points for central obesity, glucose and HDL‐C. However, we used the criteria of the American Academy of Pediatrics to detect hypertension, and for hipertriglyceridemia a cutoff point of 110 mg/dL was considered. Non‐parametric statistics, Chi2 test and logistic regression models were used for analysis.ResultsFrom 354 individuals, 105 and 111 completed the study for the O3 and P groups respectively. Adherence to treatments and changes in anthropometric and biochemical parameters after supplementation were comparable between groups. At baseline, 69 (31%) individuals from the complete sample met the criteria for MS; the frequency was similar in both groups (30.91% vs. 30.97%, p = 0.992) for O3 and P respectively. Likewise, at the end of the study, 63 individuals presented MS and the frequency was comparable between groups (26.36% vs. 32.14%, p = 0.344). Nevertheless, a detailed analysis exhibited that from the 69 individuals with MS at baseline, 30 remitted at the end of the study, but 26 who did not have the syndrome at baseline, acquired it at the end. While the frequency of remission was comparable between groups (12.2% vs. 14.3%, p = 0.734), the frequency of individuals who acquired the syndrome tended to be smaller in the O3 than in the P group (8.18% vs. 15.18%, p=0.10). Adjusting by basal body mass index z‐score; Tanner status; and dietary energy, calcium, magnesium and n‐3 fatty acids intake, the supplementation with n‐3 LCPUFA protected against the risk to present MS at the end of the follow‐up (OR = 0.58, IC95 = 0.29, 1.11).ConclusionsThe results of the study provide evidence that LCPUFA n‐3 supplementation to obese adolescents protects against the risk to acquire MS.Support or Funding InformationThe study was funded by the Mexican Institute of Social Security, funding # FIS/IMSS/PROT/PRIO/11/014
Plasma Metabolome Correlates with Habitual Dietary Intakes among Chinese Adults
Authors: Yu Danxia , Moore Steven , Matthews Charles , Xiang Yong‐Bing , Li Richard , Zhang Xianglan , Gao Yu‐Tang , Zheng Wei , Shu Xiao‐Ou 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveWe used untargeted metabolomics to identify potential novel dietary biomarkers and provide insights into biological pathways underlying diet‐disease relations.MethodsIncluded in the study were 903 Chinese women and men drawn from the Shanghai Women's and Men's Health Studies. They were 40–74 years old and had no diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or cancer at blood draw. Dietary intakes during one year prior to blood draw were assessed by trained interviewers using validated food‐frequency questionnaires. The present analyses focused on 19 food groups. Untargeted plasma metabolome was measured by Metabolon Inc., which detected 689 metabolites with known identities and 690 unidentified metabolites. Partial Spearman correlation with control of the false discovery rate (FDR) was used to identify significant food‐metabolite associations. Potential confounders adjusted included age, sex, total energy intake, body mass index, smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity, fasting hours, and time of blood draw.ResultsAt FDR <0.05, tea, rice, dairy, fish, apples/pears, berries/melons, peanuts, poultry, eggs, allium vegetables, starchy vegetables, soy foods, and citrus fruit were each correlated with at least one plasma metabolite (P‐value = 5×10−34 to 1×10−3; correlation coefficient = −0.44 to 0.41). Strong correlations included tea with methylxanthines and their metabolites, peanuts with tryptophan betaine and indoleacrylate, and dairy and fish with certain unidentified metabolites. Many metabolites were associated with multiple food groups, e.g. glycerate and threonate with various fruits and ergothioneine with poultry, fish, and rice, suggesting shared food components or eating habits. Some metabolites were associated with single food group, e.g. alliin with alliums and 3‐carboxy‐4‐methyl‐5‐propyl‐2‐furanpropanoate (CMPF) with fish, suggesting that they might serve as specific biomarkers for these foods.ConclusionsWe identified multiple plasma metabolites significantly associated with habitual food intakes among middle‐aged and older urban Chinese adults. Future studies are needed to confirm our findings.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported, in part, by the US National Institutes of Health [R37CA070867 and UM1CA182910 to Dr. W. Zheng, UM1CA173640, R01HL079123 and NO2‐CP11010‐66 to Dr. X.O. Shu]. This work was also supported, in part, by the Breast Cancer Research Stamp Fund, awarded through competitive peer review and the Intramural Research Program of the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health.
Dietary Carbohydrates but Not Proteins Are the Main Nutritional Determinant of FGF21 Production in Mice
Authors: Chalvon‐Demersay Tristan , Even Patrick Christian , Tomé Daniel , Chaumontet Catherine , Piedcoq Julien , Gaudichon Claire , Azzout‐Marniche Dalila 
Published: November 2023

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a polypeptide secreted by the liver and involved in various metabolic processes, such as ketogenesis, lipid oxidation, thermogenesis and white adipose tissue browning. Nutritional mechanisms controlling its secretion are poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of changes in the protein to carbohydrate ratio in the diet on FGF21 synthesis and secretion by the liver and the subsequent impact on energy metabolic pathways.25 male C57BL/6 mice aged 7 weeks were divided into 3 groups (n = 8–9/group) and fed during three weeks with a low‐protein/high‐carb diet (LPHC), a normo‐protein/normo‐carb diet (NPNC) or a high‐protein/low‐carb diet (HPLC). Food intake and body weight were measured throughout the experiment. At the end of the first week, the thermogenic response to feeding (TEF) was followed during 6 hours after ingestion of a 1g‐calibrated meal of their test‐diet given after an overnight fast. At the end of the experiment, the same test‐meal procedure was repeated and mice were killed four hours latr, for measurement of gene expression in liver, brown and epidydymal adipose tissues. In parallel with this in vivo experiment, primary cultures of rat hepatocytes were conducted to measure the specific effects of amino acids, leucine and glucose in the presence or absence of insulin and/or glucagon on the synthesis of FGF21.Plasma FGF21 measured 4 hours after ingestion of the test‐meals was positively correlated with the carbohydrate content of the diet. Consumption of LPHC and HPLC diets increased TEF but with different kinetics compared to the NPNC diet. In LPHC‐fed mice expression of UCP2 in the epididymal adipose was increased while in HPLC‐fed mice, ketogenesis, measured before ingestion of the test‐meal (fasted state), was increased. In primary cultured of hepatocytes high glucose concentrations in the presence of insulin increased FGF21 synthesis. Amino acid or leucine alone had no effect on FGF21 synthesis, glucagon decreased FGF21 synthesis and this last effect was antagonized by insulin.These results indicate that FGF21 synthesis is stimulated by carbohydrate and glucose but not protein and amino acid. Therefore, the increased TEF observed in response to ingestion of the LPHC diet was probably mediated by FGF21 whereas the influence of HPLC diet on fasting ketogenesis and TEF did not involve FGF21.
Protein Level in a Meal Influences Novel Object Recognition in Exercise‐Trained Rats
Authors: Fecych Mariel , Murray Coleman , Oberlin Douglas , Porcelli Vincent , Starnes Joseph , Etnier Jennifer , Beverly Joseph L. 
Published: November 2023

Exercise and breakfast have positive effects on learning and memory; however, little is known of the acute effect of breakfast composition. The objective of the presented study was to evaluate the effect of protein level in a meal equivalent to breakfast on a memory task in exercise‐trained rats.Adolescent male Spraque‐Dawley rats were assigned to a 6‐week exercise program (n=18) on a motorized treadmill or a sedentary control group (n=18). Exercise duration was increased to 60 min and intensity to 30 m/min at a 10.5% grade over a 4‐week period. Throughout the study, rats were on a feeding schedule consisting of a 30 min meal (20% of daily calories) provided 60 min into the dark period and ad libitum access to rodent chow the last 5 hrs of the dark period. At the end of training week 5, rats were randomly fed a 4g breakfast meal of high casein (50% by calories; HC) or low casein (15% by calories; LC) diets and tested using a Novel Object Recognition task 60 min later. The task consisted of a 5 min acquisition phase followed by a 5 min testing phase 60 min later. Rats spending less than 30 sec exploring objects during either phase or exhibiting clear location preference (≥70% of time on one object during acquisition phase) were removed from the study. Results were evaluated using two‐way ANOVA and paired t‐test.All rats consumed their entire ration of diet during the breakfast meal. During the acquisition phase rats spent approximately 50% of time exploring each of the two objects. During the testing phase, there was no significant effect of exercise‐training (p=0.91); however, there were significant effects of protein level (p=0.02) and the interaction between protein level and training (p=0.05). In the sedentary group, rats fed either the LC or HC diet spent 64% (p=0.05) or 66% (p=0.02) of time exploring the novel object, respectively. In the trained group, rats fed the LC spent 57% (p=0.15) of time exploring the novel object vs 73% (p<0.005) by HC‐fed rats. Total time exploring objects was longer during the testing phase than the acquisition phase (71 +/− 3 sec vs 61 +/− 3 sec, p=0.01).The level of protein in a meal immediately prior to a learning task had a greater influence on learning by exercise‐trained than sedentary rats. There seemed little benefit of a higher protein meal on the memory task in sedentary rats. However, the low protein meal reduced performance while the high protein meal increased performance on the recognition task in the trained rats (vs sedentary controls). These results support the importance of dietary protein intake prior to cognitive tasks in exercise‐trained individuals.Support or Funding InformationSupported by UNCG Faculty First Grant and School of Health and Human Sciences Research Excellence Grant
Iron Supplementation Reverses Reduced Global Hydroxymethylcytosine Associated with Chronic Alcohol Consumption in Rats
Authors: Choi Sang Woon , Tammen Stephanie A , Park Jung Eun , Friso Simonetta , Chung Jayong 
Published: November 2023

Alcohol is known to affect two epigenetic phenomena, DNA methylation and DNA hydroxymethylation, aberrations of which can cause cancer development and progression. Iron is a cofactor of ten‐eleven translocation (TET) enzymes that catalyze the conversion from methylcytosine to hydroxymethylcytosine, part of the demethylation process. We determined the influence of chronic alcohol consumption and iron supplementation on DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation using 24 male Sprague‐Dawley rats and Lieber‐DeCarli alcohol diets (36% calories from ethanol) along with iron supplementation (0.6% carbonyl iron). Hepatic non‐heme iron concentrations were measured by colorimetric assays. Protein levels of hepatic ferritin and transferrin receptor were determined by Western blotting. Methylcytosine, hydroxymethylcytosine and unmodified cytosine were measured using LC‐MS/MS method. Iron supplementation significantly increased hepatic non‐heme iron contents (p<0.05) but alcohol alone did not. On the other hand, both alcohol and iron significantly increased ferritin levels and decreased transferrin receptor levels (p<0.05). Alcohol reduced DNA hydroxymethylation (0.21 ± 0.04% vs 0.33 ± 0.04%, p = 0.01) compared to control, while iron supplementation to alcohol diet did not change DNA hydroxymethylation. There was no significant difference in methylcytosine levels, while unmodified cytosine levels were significantly increased in alcohol‐fed groups compared to control 95.61 ± 0.08% vs 95.26 ± 0.12%, p=0.03), suggesting that alcohol further increases the conversion from hydroxymethylcytosine to unmodified cytosine. Chronic alcohol consumption alters global DNA hydroxymethylation in the liver but iron supplementation reverses the epigenetic effect of alcohol.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported in part by the Korean Food Research Institute (S.W.C.) and the Basic Science Research Program of the National Research Foundation (NRF‐2010‐0011226 to J.C.)