bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation of vital sign centiles with in‐hospital outcomes among adults encountered by emergency medical services
Authors: Ramgopal Sriram , Sepanski Robert J. , Crowe Remle P. , Okubo Masashi , Callaway Clifton W. , Martin‐Gill Christian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundVital signs are a critical component of the prehospital assessment. Prior work has suggested that vital signs may vary in their distribution by age. These differences in vital signs may have implications on in‐hospital outcomes or be utilized within prediction models. We sought to (1) identify empirically derived (unadjusted) cut points for vital signs for adult patients encountered by emergency medical services (EMS), (2) evaluate differences in age‐adjusted cutoffs for vital signs in this population, and (3) evaluate unadjusted and age‐adjusted vital signs measures with in‐hospital outcomes.MethodsWe used two multiagency EMS data sets to derive (National EMS Information System from 2018) and assess agreement (ESO, Inc., from 2019 to 2021) of vital signs cutoffs among adult EMS encounters. We compared unadjusted to age‐adjusted cutoffs. For encounters within the ESO sample that had in‐hospital data, we compared the association of unadjusted cutoffs and age‐adjusted cutoffs with hospitalization and in‐hospital mortality.ResultsWe included 13,405,858 and 18,682,684 encounters in the derivation and validation samples, respectively. Both extremely high and extremely low vital signs demonstrated stepwise increases in admission and in‐hospital mortality. When evaluating age‐based centiles with vital signs, a gradual decline was noted at all extremes of heart rate (HR) with increasing age. Extremes of systolic blood pressure at upper and lower margins were greater in older age groups relative to younger age groups. Respiratory rate (RR) cut points were similar for all adult age groups. Compared to unadjusted vital signs, age‐adjusted vital signs had slightly increased accuracy for HR and RR but lower accuracy for SBP for outcomes of mortality and hospitalization.ConclusionsWe describe cut points for vital signs for adults in the out‐of‐hospital setting that are associated with both mortality and hospitalization. While we found age‐based differences in vital signs cutoffs, this adjustment only slightly improved model performance for in‐hospital outcomes.
An indel introduced by Neanderthal introgression, rs3835124:ATTTATT > ATT, might contribute to prostate cancer risk by regulating PDK1 expression
Authors: Chen Ying , Yu Xin‐Yi , Xu Shuang‐Jia , Shi Xiao‐Qian , Zhang Xin‐Xin , Sun Chang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionProstate cancer is one of the most common cancer types in males and rs12621278:A > G has been suggested to be associated with this disease by previous genome‐wide association studies. One thousand genomes project data analysis indicated that rs12621278:A > G is within two long‐core haplotypes. However, the origin, causal variant(s), and molecular function of these haplotypes were remaining unclear.Materials and MethodsPopulation genetics analysis and functional genomics work was performed for this locus.ResultsPhylogeny analysis verified that the rare haplotype is derived from Neanderthal introgression. Genome annotation suggested that three genetic variants in the core haplotypes, rs116108611:G > A, rs139972066:AAAAAAAA > AAAAAAAAA, and rs3835124:ATTTATT > ATT, are located in functional regions. Luciferase assay indicated that rs139972066:AAAAAAAA > AAAAAAAAA and rs116108611:G > A are not able to alter ITGA6 (integrin alpha 6) and ITGA6 antisense RNA 1 expression, respectively. In contrast, rs3835124:ATTTATT > ATT can significantly influence PDK1 (pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1) expression, which was verified by expression quantitative trait locus analysis. This genetic variant can alter transcription factor cut like homeobox 1 interaction efficiency. The introgressed haplotype was observed to be subject to positive selection in East Asian populations. The molecular function of the haplotype suggested that Neanderthal should be with lower PDK1 expression and further different energy homeostasis from modern human.ConclusionThis study provided new insight into the contribution of Neanderthal introgression to human phenotypes.
Body weight increase and metabolic derangements after tenofovir disoproxil fumarate switch to tenofovir alafenamide in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Cheng Pin‐Nan , Feng I‐Cher , Chen Jyh‐Jou , Kuo Hsing‐Tao , Lee Pei‐Lun , Yu Ming‐Lung , Chiu Yen‐Cheng , Chiu Hung‐Chih , Chien Shih‐Chieh , Chen Pei‐Jer , Liu Chun‐Jen 
Published: October 2023

SummaryBackgroundLipid‐lowering effect was observed during treatment with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) for chronic hepatitis B (CHB). However, the metabolic features in patients switching from TDF to tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) remain unclear.AimsTo compare the impacts of switching from TDF to TAF or from entecavir to TAF on body weight and metabolic features in patients with CHB.MethodsThis was a multi‐centre, prospective, observational study in patients with CHB on TDF or entecavir who switched to TAF. Baseline characteristics, lipid profile and sugar profile were determined. This study received IRB approval from each hospital.ResultsWe enrolled 177 patients on TDF (99) or entecavir (78) and followed them for 48 weeks after the switch to TAF. At baseline, TDF‐experienced patients had lower serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol than entecavir‐experienced patients. The switch from TDF to TAF significantly increased body weight, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, fasting glucose, glycaemic haemoglobin, insulin and insulin resistance. The switch from entecavir to TAF did not affect these measures. There was no significant difference in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk scores between groups.ConclusionsThe switch from TDF to TAF was associated with weight gain, derangements of lipid profile, and increased insulin resistance in patients with CHB. Long‐term effects on these metabolic features need further investigation.
Exploring the complexities of illness identity and symptom management in seeking a diagnostic label of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS): An inductive approach
Authors: Knoop Iris , Gu Stephanie , Fareghzadeh Shamim , Jones Annie S. K. , Gall Nicholas , Moss‐Morris Rona 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesPostural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a debilitating and under‐recognized condition of the autonomic nervous system. This study applied Leventhal's Common‐Sense Model of Illness Representations to explore the journey to a diagnosis of POTS and to understand its relevance to poorly understood conditions which have common comorbidities.DesignAn inductive qualitative approach was used to explore the processes by which patients formulate explanations and management of symptoms within the search for a diagnostic label and to investigate illness identity in the context of existing diagnoses or multimorbidity.MethodsParticipants (n = 29) for this nested qualitative study were recruited from a larger longitudinal study of people who had been newly referred to a specialist POTS service. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted via video call. Three researchers coded and analysed data using Reflexive Thematic Analysis and elements of Grounded Theory.ResultsThe analysis resulted in three overarching themes: ‘Seeking physiological coherence and validation’, ‘Individual persistence’, and ‘Navigating the cumulative burden’. ‘Accessibility and disparities of health care’ was noted as a contextual factor. Receiving a POTS diagnosis was regarded by participants as providing legitimacy and increased access to treatment. Overall, delays in the diagnostic journey and the lack of a clear diagnosis impacted negatively on patients through increased uncertainty and a lack of clear guidance on how to manage symptoms. Findings also suggested there were great complexities in assigning symptoms to labels in the context of multimorbidity.ConclusionsParticipants' stories highlighted the urgent need for better recognition of POTS so that the self‐regulatory process can be initiated from the early stages of symptom detection.
Experiences of relatives caring for psychiatric patients in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana
Authors: Antonio Gideon , Kwakye Isaac Nyarko , Essel Cynthia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeThe study aimed at examining the lived experiences of relatives caring for family members with mental illness in Ghana.MethodsInterpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was adopted to explore caregivers' in‐depth experiences. Fifteen caregivers were purposefully selected from four hospitals within the Greater Accra Region of Ghana, and they were engaged in face‐to‐face interview sessions through the semi‐structured guided interviews. Interviews were transcribed into text formats and analysed using the IPA approach.ResultsThree superordinate themes and their respective sub‐themes were identified. Theme 1: Being with the mentally ill (time consuming; financial burden; healer shopping); Theme 2: Psychosocial effect (stigmatization; stress and depression; changes in social/work life); Theme3: Coping resources (prayers/spirituality; psychological capital – ignoring, self‐encouragement, acceptance, routinization; social/family support; reading).ConclusionIt was recommended that healthcare professionals ought to prepare family members for the emotional challenges by providing them with constant therapeutic service to help reduce their emotional strain associated with the burden of care. Public education should be intensified for people to understand the need for accepting people with mental illness in order to reduce the issue of stigmatization. Again, government should institute policies through its agencies (Ministry of Health, Ghana Health Service) to assist the caregivers in the discharge of responsibilities. This could take the form of reducing cost of drugs, and establishing community mental health care to provide immediate support.
Therapeutic targets of fibrosis: Translational advances and current challenges
Authors: De Blasio Miles J. , Ohlstein Eliot H. , Ritchie Rebecca H. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn a physiological context, the extracellular matrix (ECM) provides an important scaffold for organs. Dysregulation of ECM in disease conditions, characterised by excess deposition of connective tissue and extracellular matrix in response to a pathological insult, is a key driver of disease progression in multiple organs. The resultant fibrosis is predominantly an irreversible process and directly contributes to, and exacerbates, dysfunction of an affected organ. This is particularly paramount in the kidney, liver, heart and lung. A hybrid Joint Meeting of NC‐IUPHAR and British Pharmacological Society was held in Paris and via a webinar in November 2020, when two successive sessions were devoted to translational advances in fibrosis as a therapeutic target. On the upsurge of response to these sessions, the concept of a special themed issue on this topic emerged, and is entitled Translational Advances in Fibrosis as a Therapeutic Target. In this special issue, we seek to provide an up‐to‐date account of the diverse molecular mechanisms and causal role that fibrosis plays in disease progression (contributing to, and exacerbating, dysfunction of affected organs). Recent developments in the understanding of molecular targets involved in fibrosis, and how their actions can be manipulated therapeutically, are included.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on Translational Advances in Fibrosis as a Therapeutic Target. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v180.22/issuetoc
Integrating animal tracking datasets at a continental scale for mapping Eurasian lynx habitat
Authors: Oeser Julian , Heurich Marco , Kramer‐Schadt Stephanie , Mattisson Jenny , Krofel Miha , Krojerová‐Prokešová Jarmila , Zimmermann Fridolin , Anders Ole , Andrén Henrik , Bagrade Guna , Belotti Elisa , Breitenmoser‐Würsten Christine , Bufka Luděk , Černe Rok , Drouet‐Hoguet Nolwenn , Duľa Martin , Fuxjäger Christian , Gomerčić Tomislav , Jędrzejewski Włodzimierz , Kont Raido , Koubek Petr , Kowalczyk Rafał , Kusak Josip , Kubala Jakub , Kutal Miroslav , Linnell John D. C. , Molinari‐Jobin Anja , Männil Peep , Middelhoff Tomma Lilli , Odden John , Okarma Henryk , Oliveira Teresa , Pagon Nives , Persson Jens , Remm Jaanus , Schmidt Krzysztof , Signer Sven , Tám Branislav , Vogt Kristina , Kuemmerle Tobias 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimThe increasing availability of animal tracking datasets collected across many sites provides new opportunities to move beyond local assessments to enable detailed and consistent habitat mapping at biogeographical scales. However, integrating wildlife datasets across large areas and study sites is challenging, as species' varying responses to different environmental contexts must be reconciled. Here, we compare approaches for large‐area habitat mapping and assess available habitat for a recolonizing large carnivore, the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx).LocationEurope.MethodsWe use a continental‐scale animal tracking database (450 individuals from 14 study sites) to systematically assess modelling approaches, comparing (1) global strategies that pool all data for training versus building local, site‐specific models and combining them, (2) different approaches for incorporating regional variation in habitat selection and (3) different modelling algorithms, testing nonlinear mixed effects models as well as machine‐learning algorithms.ResultsTesting models on training sites and simulating model transfers, global and local modelling strategies achieved overall similar predictive performance. Model performance was the highest using flexible machine‐learning algorithms and when incorporating variation in habitat selection as a function of environmental variation. Our best‐performing model used a weighted combination of local, site‐specific habitat models. Our habitat maps identified large areas of suitable, but currently unoccupied lynx habitat, with many of the most suitable unoccupied areas located in regions that could foster connectivity between currently isolated populations.Main ConclusionsWe demonstrate that global and local modelling strategies can achieve robust habitat models at the continental scale and that considering regional variation in habitat selection improves broad‐scale habitat mapping. More generally, we highlight the promise of large wildlife tracking databases for large‐area habitat mapping. Our maps provide the first high‐resolution, yet continental assessment of lynx habitat across Europe, providing a consistent basis for conservation planning for restoring the species within its former range.
Childhood adversity and the risk of gestational diabetes: A population‐based cohort study of nulliparous pregnant women
Authors: Davies Megan , van Houten Charlotte S. , Bengtsson Jessica , Elsenburg Leonie K. , Kragelund Nielsen Karoline , Andersen Gregers S. , Damm Peter , Rod Naja H. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimsGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common pregnancy complications, and though it may be linked to childhood adversity, the effect of different types of adversity remains unclear. Childhood adversity is linked to a younger maternal age, which may hide the overall impact of adversity on GDM risk. We therefore aimed to explore the association between different types of childhood adversity and GDM while accounting for the potential impact of maternal age.MethodsWe used Danish nation‐wide register data, including 208,207 women giving birth for the first time from 2004 to 2018. Five adversity groups were used to examine the effect of childhood adversity on GDM risk: (1) low (referent group), (2) early life material deprivation, (3) persistent deprivation, (4) loss or threat of loss within the family and (5) high adversity.Results5375 women were diagnosed with GDM in the study population (2.6% absolute risk). Compared to women who experienced low adversity, the other adversity groups had a higher GDM risk (absolute difference [%]) directly; early material deprivation (0.64% [95% CI 0.44; 0.84]), persistent deprivation (0.63% [0.41; 0.86]), loss or threat of loss (0.73% [0.42; 1.05]) and high adversity (0.80% [0.32; 1.27]). The indirect effect of maternal age attenuated the total effect of childhood adversity on GDM by an absolute difference of 0.25%–0.46%.ConclusionsExperiencing childhood adversity to any extent is associated with a higher risk of GDM. Interventions aimed at preventing childhood adversity may have a positive effect in reducing GDM burden and the associated health risks.
Calibrating the countercyclical capital buffer using AUROCs
Authors: Bologna Pierluigi , Galardo Maddalena 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWhile the setting of the countercyclical capital buffer (CCyB) is not an automatic decision, insights from indicators, such as the credit‐to‐GDP gap, are a starting point to inform the policy decision. This paper identifies an optimal rule to map the credit‐to‐GDP gap to the guide to set the CCyB. We use Italian data and follow two alternative procedures. First, we apply the criteria suggested by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS). Then we depart from the BCBS approach by proposing a procedure based on the maximization of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. We also explore whether the CCyB, had it been in place, would have mitigated the repercussions of the Great Financial Crisis on the Italian banking system. Based on a stylized exercise, the full release of the CCyB at the outbreak of the crisis would have freed around €40 billion of capital, a value close to the total amount of banks' credit provisions during the 3 following years.
In vivo characterization of laser‐assisted delivery of hyaluronic acid using multiphoton fluorescence lifetime imaging
Authors: Nguyen Lynhda , Mess Christian , Schneider Stefan W. , Huck Volker , Herberger Katharina 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLaser‐assisted drug delivery (LADD) is a treatment method to enhance the penetration of pharmaceuticals through the skin. The aim of the present study is to track hyaluronic acid (HA) and analyse its effect on human skin in vivo after ablative fractional laser (AFL) treatment. Healthy male and female subjects were recruited. Four areas were marked on their forearms of each volunteer, and each area was assigned to one of the following treatment options: AFL + HA, AFL only, HA only or untreated control. A carbon dioxide laser was used for the AFL treatment. Follow‐up measurements were scheduled 30 min and 30 days after treatment using multiphoton tomography equipped with fluorescence lifetime imaging (MPT‐FLIM). A total of 11 subjects completed the study. By detecting fluorescence lifetimes, the HA and the anaesthetic ointment were clearly distinguishable from surrounding tissue. After AFL treatment, HA could be visualized in all epidermal and upper dermal layers. In contrast, HA in intact skin was only detected in the superficial layers at distinctly lower levels. The applied HA gel seemed to have beneficial properties for the wound healing process after laser treatment. LADD has proven to be a fast and effective method to increase HA uptake into the skin, allowing for improved hydration and skin rejuvenation over time. Furthermore, LADD could be a beneficial treatment option in laser resurfacing. MPT‐FLIM proved to be an appropriate diagnostic tool for drug delivery tracking and monitoring of treatment response for individualized therapy adjustment.
Soft computing approaches for prediction of specific heat capacity of hybrid nanofluids
Authors: Mathur Priya , Gupta Amit Kumar , Panwar Deepak , Sharma Tarun Kumar 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNanofluids are thermoelectric substance with a greater thermal transmission effectiveness than traditional thermal fluids. Nanofluid's specific heat capacity (SHC) is a crucial thermophysical parameter since it controls the fluid's heat transfer coefficient. Surprisingly few research investigations have been done on the prognostic modelling of the specific heat capacity of fusion nanofluids, despite the fact that numerous experiments have been conducted on the heat transfer capacitance of blended nanofluids. This study focuses on the use of algorithms based on machine learning procedures (MLP) to estimate the SHC of blended nanofluids. Numerous numbers of hybrid nanofluids are investigated in this investigation. Total of 984 samples of hybrid nanofluids for specific heat capacity has been collected from nine experimental research papers. Various MLP techniques were utilized in this analysis, including extreme boost gradient boost regression (XGB), support vector regression augmented with a genetic algorithm (support vector regression [SVR]‐genetic algorithm [GA]), grid search optimized based gradient boost regression algorithm (GBR) (GBR‐GSO), and voting ensemble procedure (VE). The obtained correlation coefficients of the SVR‐GA, XGB, VE and GBR‐GSO models for the testing dataset are 98.43%, 96.29%, 94.4% and 96.55% respectively. The SVR‐GA model showed a better predictive accuracy relative to other ML models. This SVR‐GA anticipated model could be used for quick and reliable prediction of the SHC of blended nanofluids which reduces the burden associated with experimental measurement possible future work includes applying a machine‐learning strategy to the problem of determining the diffusivity of hybrid nanofluids.
Home virtuality and the platformized life of Chinese international students in the United Kingdom
Authors: He Zhongzhi , Chan Yuk Wah 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article examines a nascent phenomenon in which a cluster of digital platforms mimicking popular Chinese apps has popped up in various cities in the United Kingdom (UK). They have been eagerly adopted by a strong clientele composed mainly of Chinese international students and young working migrants from China. Drawing on data we gathered from the British city of Manchester, one of the most popular destinations for Chinese international students, we propose the concept ofhome virtualityto illustrate how Chinese student migrants’ frequent surfing of these Chinese‐style digital platforms has created a ‘virtual home’ that is quite reminiscent of the platformized lifestyle in China, and that thus offers them a sense of connection to home. We argue that this ‘home virtuality’ does not only imply a virtual connection but is also a home environment materialized through the familiar app services of the new Chinese platform businesses in the UK.