bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early adapting to trends: self-stabilizing information spread using passive communication
Authors: Korman Amos , Vacus Robin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHow to efficiently and reliably spread information in a system is one of the most fundamental problems in distributed computing. Recently, inspired by biological scenarios, several works focused on identifying the minimal communication resources necessary to spread information under faulty conditions. Here we study the self-stabilizing bit-dissemination problem, introduced by Boczkowski, Korman, and Natale in [SODA 2017]. The problem considers a fully-connected network of nagents, with a binary world of opinions, one of which is called correct. At any given time, each agent holds an opinion bit as its public output. The population contains a source agent which knows which opinion is correct. This agent adopts the correct opinion and remains with it throughout the execution. We consider the basic $$\mathcal {PULL}$$
PULL
model of communication, in which each agent observes relatively few randomly chosen agents in each round. The goal of the non-source agents is to quickly converge on the correct opinion, despite having an arbitrary initial configuration, i.e., in a self-stabilizing manner. Once the population converges on the correct opinion, it should remain with it forever. Motivated by biological scenarios in which animals observe and react to the behavior of others, we focus on the extremely constrained model of passive communication, which assumes that when observing another agent the only information that can be extracted is the opinion bit of that agent. We prove that this problem can be solved in a poly-logarithmic in n number of rounds with high probability, while sampling a logarithmic number of agents at each round. Previous works solved this problem faster and using fewer samples, but they did that by decoupling the messages sent by agents from their output opinion, and hence do not fit the framework of passive communication. Moreover, these works use complex recursive algorithms with refined clocks that are unlikely to be used by biological entities. In contrast, our proposed algorithm has a natural appeal as it is based on letting agents estimate the current tendency direction of the dynamics, and then adapt to the emerging trend.
Continental lowlands face rising crop vulnerability: structural change in regional climate sensitivity of crop yields, Hungary (Central and Eastern Europe), 1921–2010
Authors: Pinke Zsolt , Decsi Bence , Demeter Gabor , Kalicz Peter , Kern Zoltán , Acs Tamas 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCentral and Eastern Europe (CEE) is a pillar of global wheat and maize production. However, certain areas within the CEE region have become climate change hotspots, experiencing intensifying water deficits and drought pressure, rising mean and maximum temperatures. This study focuses on the long-term statistical relationships between climatic factors and rain-fed wheat and maize yields for different landscape types in Hungary over 30-year time windows between 1921 and 2010. The relationship between the variances of the detrended climatic parameters and crop yields was tested employing both simple and multifactorial linear models according to landscape types and periods. The sensitivity of wheat yields to spring–summer mean temperature shifted dynamically from the western part of the country to east (from cooler and wetter hilly landscapes to plains) between the periods 1921–1950 and 1981–2010. The cooling observed in summer temperature between the periods 1921–1950 and 1951–1980 supported an increase in wheat yields by an estimated 0.11–0.43 t ha−1 year−1, while the 0.9–1.2 °C warming of May–July temperature may have cut wheat yields by an estimated 0.44–0.56 t ha−1 year−1 in various regions over 1981–2010. That being said, the regional sensitivity of wheat yields to May–July mean temperature did not display substantial differences between the periods 1921–1950 and 1981–2010. Besides negative effects, climate change had a positive impact on wheat yields, since increasing January–March mean temperatures mitigated the negative impact of warming summer temperatures on wheat yields by an estimated 16–34% over 1981–2010. In this 30-year period, increasing mean temperature together with decreasing precipitation explained 46–75% of the variances in maize yields reducing annual maize harvests by an estimated 11.1–12.4% year−1.
Building the intrinsic infrastructure of agroecology: collectivising to deal with the problem of the state
Authors: Jonas Tammi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCorporate actors in capitalist food systems continue to consolidate ownership of the means of production in ever fewer hands, posing a critical barrier to food sovereignty and to an agroecological transition. Further, corporate influence on the state is often direct and blatant, but there are also more insidious governance barriers– hegemonic structures of power and ‘common sense’ theories of value that exclude smallholders and local communities from participation in decision-making processes. This is especially pertinent in land use planning and in building processing facilities, usually referred to as ‘value chain infrastructure’, or what I call the ‘intrinsic infrastructure of agroecology’. Using a case study approach, I evaluate the successes and failures of two campaigns for agrarian reform in the Australian state of Victoria, concluding that civil society must act collectively to gain the thick legitimacy needed to work with the state to enact enabling policies for an agroecological transition.
High-dimensional stochastic control models for newsvendor problems and deep learning resolution
Authors: Ma Jingtang , Yang Shan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper studies continuous-time models for newsvendor problems with dynamic replenishment, financial hedging and Stackelberg competition. These factors are considered simultaneously and the high-dimensional stochastic control models are established. High-dimensional Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equations are derived for the value functions. To circumvent the curse of dimensionality, a deep learning algorithm is proposed to solve the HJB equations. A projection is introduced in the algorithm to avoid the gradient explosion during the training phase. The deep learning algorithm is implemented for HJB equations derived from the newsvendor models with dimensions up to six. Numerical outcomes validate the algorithm’s accuracy and demonstrate that the high-dimensional stochastic control models can successfully mitigate the risk.
Evaluation of Korean methane emission sources with satellite retrievals by spatial correlation analysis
Authors: Moon JunGi , Shim Changsub , Seo Jeongbyn , Han Jihyun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMethane is a significant greenhouse gas (GHG), and it is imperative to understand its spatiotemporal distribution and primary sources in areas with higher methane concentrations, as such insights are essential for informing effective mitigation policies. In this study, we employed TROPOMI satellite retrievals to analyze the spatiotemporal patterns of methane distributions and identify major emission sources in South Korea over the period from August 2018 to July 2019. Additionally, we examined the spatial correlations between satellite methane retrievals and emission sources to characterize regions with higher methane levels on an annual basis.Concerning spatial distributions, concentrations exceeding 1870 ppb were predominantly observed in western non-mountainous regions, particularly in rice paddy areas. Moreover, sporadic concentrations exceeding 1880 ppb were detected in large ports and industrial zones, primarily located in coastal regions of South Korea.Our spatial correlation analysis, conducted using the SDMSelect method, identified specific emissions contributing to regions with higher methane concentrations. There were some areas with relatively strong correlations between high XCH4 and emissions from the domestic livestock industry, fossil fuel utilization (specifically, the oil and gas sector), landfills, and rice paddies. This analysis, incorporating domestic emission inventories and satellite data, provides valuable insights into the characteristics of regional methane concentrations. In addition, this analysis can assess national methane emissions inventories, where there is limited information on the spatial distributions, offering critical information for the prioritization of domestic regional policies aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Seasonal screening of pesticide residues in beehive products collected from different districts in Egypt
Authors: Nassar Atef M. K. , Salim Yehia M. , Nour-Eldeen Eman , Younis Mohamed S. , Kelany Mahmoud M. , Shebl Mohamed A. , Shafey Abdallah S. , Abou-Shaara Hossam F. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPesticides are of immense importance in agriculture, but they might contaminate bees’ products. In this study, samples of honey, pollen, and beeswax were collected, seasonally, from apiaries in Toshka (Aswan), El-Noubariya (El-Beheira), and Ismailia (Ismailia) cities in Egypt. The pesticide residues were analyzed using the GC-MS after being extracted and cleaned using the QuEChERS method. Results showed that samples from El-Noubariya had great content of residues followed by Ismailia, and finally Toshka. Samples collected during fall and winter had the highest pesticide residue contents. Specifically, the phenylconazole fungicide group was repeatedly detected in all the examined samples along with organophosphate insecticides. Beeswax samples had the greatest amounts of pesticide residues followed by pollen and then honey samples. Chlorpyrifos (0.07–39.16 ng/g) and profenofos (1.94–17.00 ng/g) were detected in honey samples and their products. Pyriproxyfen (57.12 ng/g) and chlorpyrifos-methyl (39.16 ng/g) were detected in great amounts in beeswax samples from Ismailia and El-Noubariya, respectively. Yet, according to health hazard and quotient studies, the amounts of pesticides detected in honey do not pose any health threats to humans.
Crack tip shielding and size effect related to parallel edge cracks under uniaxial tensile loading
Authors: Ferrian Francesco , Cornetti Pietro , Sapora Alberto , Talebi Hossein , Ayatollahi Majid R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe present work aims at investigating crack shielding and size effect related to a cracked slab under tensile loading. For this purpose, experimental tests are carried out on PMMA cracked samples. Three different geometries are taken into account, presenting one, two or three parallel edge cracks, and assuming their distance equal to their initial length. Results are interpreted through the coupled stress and energy criterion of Finite Fracture Mechanics (FFM). The approach is implemented numerically, and parametric finite element analyses are carried out to evaluate the normal stress field and the stress intensity factor for each configuration. It is found that asymmetric crack propagation has to be preferred according to the energy balance. The matching between FFM failure predictions and experimental data reveals to be satisfactory.
Recent Reactivation of Variscan Tectonic Zones: A Case of Rodl-Kaplice-Blanice Fault System (Bohemian Massif, Austria/Czech Republic)
Authors: Roštínský Pavel , Pospíšil Lubomil , Švábenský Otakar , Melnyk Anastasiia , Nováková Eva 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Rodl-Kaplice-Blanice fault system (RKB) of Variscan shear origin, repeatedly active since the Late Paleozoic to the Recent, is expressed by a number of lithological contacts, distinct geophysical gradients and many landforms. A general trend of the RKB as well as linear configuration of its internal architecture is fairly similar to those of topical near Rhine Graben and Alpine-Carpathian transition area as the two other consistent recently reactivated large-scale tectonic structures in the extended (thinned) crust of central Europe. In middle part of the RKB, the occurring linear topographic and geological features parallel to the main RKB sections point to the existence of a wide tectonic zone in the crust following the fault system. Our multidisciplinary study includes a summary of corresponding basic geological data, overview of seismic, regional geophysical and geomorphological conditions, primary model of recent kinematic activity in the RKB area derived from the space (Global Navigation Satellite System—GNSS) monitoring and terrestrial (repeated high precision levelling) geodetic data and comparison of these various information.The obtained knowledge indicates that the RKB is active up to ~ 1.0 mm horizontally and > 0.5 mm vertically. The fault system area in the Bohemian Massif can be subdivided into the three parts of diverse tectonic structure and block kinematics. Sinistral horizontal movements are highest near the southern surface sections (Rodl-Kaplice, Rudolfov and Drahotěšice faults), whereas noticeable vertical differentiation is going on mainly along the Blanice and Kouřim faults in the north where the RKB activity is gradually decreasing towards the extensive Elbe shear zone with transverse movements. The middle part of the RKB is dislocated by a large active transverse tectonic structure of the South Bohemian Basins (SBB) with variable horizontal velocity vectors of surface GNSS stations. Most of the weak regional earthquakes have been recorded west of the RKB. Besides faults of the SBB, these were mainly associated with the RKB-subparallel Lhenice fault. Based on the earthquake distribution and foci depths, the latter fault can have similar structural position as the RKB related to lower part of the Variscan level in the ~ 10–12 km depth.
Representation of the academic workforce in English university strategy-making: an exploratory study
Authors: Salmon Michael 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAnalysis of strategic planning practices can offer insight into how universities operate and are structured as organisations, both in terms of where importance is placed and what is elided, and through discursive consideration of how strategy texts legitimate certain ways of thinking and acting and seek to produce consent around managerial decisions. This paper applies a strategy-as-practice approach (Jarzabkowski and Whittington in Journal of Management Inquiry, 17, 282-286, 2008) to explore how the academic workforce in English universities is conceptualised and represented in institutional strategic planning, specifically in the genre of text referred to as a strategic plan or strategy document. Through qualitative content analysis of a sample of eight university strategic plans (following Brandtner et al., in Urban Studies, 54, 1075-1091, 2016; Hellström in Policy Futures in Education,5, 478-490, 2007), we find the academic workforce occupying an uncertain position in the documents, especially in the case of staff with teaching responsibilities, whose position is particularly ambiguous.
Hardware-Aware Evolutionary Explainable Filter Pruning for Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Heidorn Christian , Sabih Muhammad , Meyerhöfer Nicolai , Schinabeck Christian , Teich Jürgen , Hannig Frank 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFilter pruning of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) is a common technique to effectively reduce the memory footprint, the number of arithmetic operations, and, consequently, inference time. Recent pruning approaches also consider the targeted device (i.e., graphics processing units) for CNN deployment to reduce the actual inference time. However, simple metrics, such as the $$\ell ^1$$

ℓ
1

-norm, are used for deciding which filters to prune. In this work, we propose a hardware-aware technique to explore the vast multi-objective design space of possible filter pruning configurations. Our approach incorporates not only the targeted device but also techniques from explainable artificial intelligence for ranking and deciding which filters to prune. For each layer, the number of filters to be pruned is optimized with the objective of minimizing the inference time and the error rate of the CNN. Experimental results show that our approach can speed up inference time by 1.40× and 1.30× for VGG-16 on the CIFAR-10 dataset and ResNet-18 on the ILSVRC-2012 dataset, respectively, compared to the state-of-the-art ABCPruner.
Progress in the valorization of biomass: a statistical perspective
Authors: Barabás Béla , Fülöp Ottilia , Nagy Marcell , Pályi Gyula 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEleven years ago, an important summary of the valorization of biomass (Tuck et al., Science 337:695–699, 2012,https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1218930) appeared. This milestone paper gave a new impulse to biomass research. The goal of the present work was to analyze by means of scientific literature statistics the main parameters of the evolution of thoughts, ideas, and results induced by this paper in a 10-year period following its publication (from August 2012 to August 2022).
Measuring patient activation: the utility of the Patient Activation Measure administered in an interview setting
Authors: Holter Magdalena , Avian Alexander , Weger Martin , Strini Sanja , Michelitsch Monja , Brenk-Franz Katja , Wedrich Andreas , Berghold Andrea 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Patient activation is an emerging field in healthcare research concerning knowledge, skills, and confidence of patients in managing their health. This is particularly important for patients with chronic diseases, who often require more complex care management and self-care skills. However, due to temporary or longer-lasting visual impairments, certain patient groups cannot answer a questionnaire independently. The main objective is to investigate the psychometric properties of the German Patient Activation Measure® (PAM) survey in an everyday clinical setting where it has to be read aloud.

Methods
Outpatients with macular edema participated in this questionnaire-based cross-sectional study. The study assessed patient activation by the PAM® survey, self-rated health, self-efficacy, quality of life, and general mood. Interviewers read questionnaires aloud to patients. Psychometric properties of the PAM® survey were investigated by item response theory (IRT), Cronbach’s α and trait–trait correlations.

Results
The analysis included N = 554 patients. Median age was 69 (IQR 62.0–76.0) years and mean overall activation score 74.1 (SD 13.7). All items showed ceiling effects. Empirical reliability from the IRT model and Cronbach’s α were 0.75. The PAM® survey showed a Spearman correlation of 0.54 with self-efficacy, 0.51 with quality of life and 0.34 with general mood.

Conclusion
The read-aloud PAM® survey has been shown to provide to adequate measurement precision and convergent validity to be used as a screening tool in an everyday clinical setting. Objective assessment in an interview setting with the PAM® survey is possible. PAM® items are good in distinguishing lower to middle activated patients, but not patients with high activation. Further, issues with structural validity need more investigation.
University technology transfer: leveraging experiential learning and TTO’s resources
Authors: Sallan Jose M. , Lordan Oriol 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We examine how experiential learning from both previous technology transfer experience and the disclosure of discoveries impact universities’ technology transfer outcomes, in terms of the number of spinoffs created and licenses granted, while acknowledging that TTOs provide specialized resources that support technology transfer processes. By using panel data models on a sample of public Spanish universities for the 2006–2011 period, our model introduces discovery disclosures as an instrument to account for the endogenous nature of the scientific research process. Results show that spinoff creation and license granting depend on their own experiential learning and on the number of discovery disclosures, which in turn depends on its own experiential learning. Technology transfer is influenced by two learning processes connected to technology transfer outcomes and discovery disclosures. Also, the effect of TTOs’ specific resources appears as not significant. In the context of Spanish universities, the findings support the view that, compared to TTOs’ staff specialization, accumulated knowledge from their own experience adds more value for generating technology transfer outcomes.
Is there a defensible conception of reflective equilibrium?
Authors: Beisbart Claus , Brun Georg 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe goal of this paper is to re-assess reflective equilibrium (“RE”). We ask whether there is a conception of RE that can be defended against the various objections that have been raised against RE in the literature. To answer this question, we provide a systematic overview of the main objections, and for each objection, we investigate why it looks plausible, on what standard or expectation it is based, how it can be answered and which features RE must have to meet the objection. We find that there is a conception of RE that promises to withstand all objections. However, this conception has some features that may be unexpected: it aims at a justification that is tailored to understanding and it is neither tied to intuitions nor does it imply coherentism. We conclude by pointing out a cluster of questions we think RE theorists should pay more attention to.
The effect of root shaving and biostimulant application on the transplant success of six common Australian urban tree species
Authors: Cinantya Ariningsun , Manea Anthony , Leishman Michelle R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTo enhance the establishment of container-grown trees, nursery and urban forest practitioners use root pruning to improve plant root structure. However, some methods of root pruning may cause stress to the plant and reduce shoot growth. One potential approach to mitigating tree stress is the application of biostimulants. This study aimed to determine the impact root shaving, a type of root pruning, has on the growth of urban plant species, and whether biostimulant application mitigates this impact. To address these aims, we applied root shaving (not shaved, shaved) and biostimulant (control, humic substance, protein hydrolysate, seaweed extract) treatments to six tree species that are commonly planted in the Sydney metropolitan area, Australia in a factorial design. The study consisted of a glasshouse and field experiment to simulate nursery production and urban field conditions, respectively. We found that the assimilation rate of the plants was not affected by root shaving but four of the species still experienced reductions in shoot growth in the short-term. This reduction was a result of the plants allocating resources to root growth to compensate for the root loss. However, in the long-term, the plants were able to compensate for this reduction in shoot growth. We found that biostimulant application did not mitigate the short-term impacts of root shaving on plant growth. We can conclude that root shaving and biostimulant application do not affect plant establishment in the long-term.
Indication of Liver Transplant for HCC: Current Status and Future Directions
Authors: Horwitz Julian K. , Agopian Vatche G. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Liver transplantation remains the gold-standard treatment for cirrhotic patients with early stage, surgically unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this review, we describe the current state of liver transplantation (LT) for HCC.

Recent Findings
We review recent advances in expanded indications for LT, diagnostics with liquid biopsy and biomarkers, and the emerging role of immunotherapy in this patient population.

Summary
Although the shortage of liver allografts necessitates a restrictive HCC selection policy, future advances in patient selection, liquid biopsy technologies and systemic therapies have the potential to improve access to liver transplantation even in patients with expanded indications, without compromising on post-transplant outcomes.