bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allopurinol as a Cardioprotectant during Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Authors: Weimert Nicole A , Tanke William F , Sims J Jason 
Published: September 2003

OBJECTIVE: To examine the role of allopurinol as a cardioprotectant during coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. DATA SOURCES: A search of MEDLINE (1966–October 2002) was performed using the following terms: allopurinol, xanthine oxidase, oxygen free radical, and coronary artery bypass. References evaluated were limited to English-language and human studies, yielding 41 citations, 13 of which were found suitable. The 5 largest studies are discussed. DATA SYNTHESIS: Multiple studies with various doses have evaluated the effects of allopurinol on outcomes in CABG patients. These studies found that allopurinol can reduce in hospital mortality, improve cardiac performance, reduce incidence of arrhythmias, reduce markers of ischemia and free-radical generation, and reduce the need for inotropic support. However, these findings were not consistent between all studies. CONCLUSIONS: Allopurinol may reduce the incidence of CABG complications. Although the optimal dose has not been determined, reviewed literature suggests that patients should receive at least 600 mg one day prior to surgery, as well as at least 600 mg on the day of surgery.
Evaluation of HIV Drug Interaction Web Sites
Authors: Sheehan Nancy L , Kelly Deborah V , Tseng Alice L , van Heeswijk Rolf PG , Béïque Lizanne C , Hughes Christine A 
Published: September 2003

BACKGROUND: Clinicians frequently consult HIV drug interaction Web sites of unknown quality. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review and identify HIV drug interaction Web sites of high quality and usefulness for healthcare professionals. METHODS: Relevant Web sites were identified through a structured search on commonly used search engines. An assessment tool containing 4 domains (content, reliability, access restrictions, ease of navigation) was developed. English and French Web sites were selected for review if they included HIV drug interaction information directed to healthcare professionals. Web sites were excluded if antiretroviral interaction data were not available or were out of date. Commercial online databases and sites that required payment were not included. Seventeen HIV pharmacists from across Canada participated in the review. The Web sites were ranked with total mean scores. Mean scores for each domain were then analyzed. Interrater agreement and ANOVA using the rater as a covariate were determined. RESULTS: Nine Web sites met the criteria for review. Web sites from Toronto General Hospital (Canada), HIVinSite (beta version) (US), and the University of Liverpool (UK) ranked highest for total mean scores and for content. Other Web sites were found to be reliable, accessible, and easy to navigate; however, they did not consistently include unpublished data or data on herbal preparations, recreational drugs, or multiple interactions. CONCLUSIONS: Three HIV interaction Web sites of high quality were identified that can be valuable tools for HIV and non-HIV healthcare professionals. Regular reviews are necessary in order to keep pace with the growing body of HIV interaction data and the constant evolution of Web sites.
Drug-Induced Esophageal Injuries and Dysphagia
Authors: O'Neill Jessica L , Remington Tami L 
Published: September 2003

OBJECTIVE:To review and analyze medical literature documenting drug-induced esophageal injury and dysphagia and to formulate strategies to enhance pharmacists' prevention, detection, and treatment of these iatrogenic complications.DATA SOURCES:A MEDLINE search (1966–April 2002) was conducted to identify primary and secondary literature using variable combinations of the following search terms: pill-induced, drug-induced, or iatrogenic with esophageal injury, esophageal damage, or dysphagia. Bibliographies were also reviewed to identify additional relevant references.STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION:All case reports, reviews, and clinical studies relating to drug-induced esophageal injury or swallowing dysfunction were evaluated.DATA SYNTHESIS:Drug-induced esophageal injury may be under-recognized. Several drugs have been associated with physical or chemically mediated injuries. Risk factors for injury have been identified and preventive and treatment strategies have been successful in limiting esophageal injury. Drug-induced dysphagia can have serious complications and is most often associated with typical neuroleptics such as haloperidol.CONCLUSIONS:Pharmacists can play a pivotal role in proactively identifying situations where there is a higher likelihood of drug-induced esophageal injury or dysphagia. They can recommend preventive strategies to promote safe medication use, help identify iatrogenic complications when they occur, and assist in formulation of appropriate treatment strategies.
Causes and Management of Hyponatremia
Authors: Palmer Biff F , Gates John R , Lader Malcolm 
Published: September 2003

OBJECTIVE: To review clinical information on the incidence and causes of hyponatremia (defined as a serum sodium level <130 mEq/L), the most common electrolyte abnormality seen in general hospital patients, and to discuss the diagnosis and treatment of hyponatremia in relation to these factors. DATA SOURCES: Primary sources and review articles were identified via MEDLINE (1981–July 2003) for entries on hyponatremia. We limited the search to specific topics including incidence, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and clinical disorders and medications associated with hypotonic hyponatremia. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: All of the articles identified were evaluated, and relevant and representative information was included in this review. DATA SYNTHESIS: Hyponatremia can result from several disease states, injury, surgery, physical exercise, or the administration of certain drugs (e.g., antidepressants, antiepileptics) and is associated with advanced age. Drug-induced hyponatremia is often asymptomatic and usually resolves following water restriction and monitoring of medication. Symptoms of hyponatremia are primarily neurologic; the principal danger of hyponatremia relates to effects on central nervous system function due to changes in brain size. CONCLUSIONS: Although hyponatremia can be a serious condition, appropriate measures for the management of at-risk and affected patients will lead to full recovery in most cases.
Venlafaxine Treatment of Fibromyalgia
Authors: Sayar Kemal , Aksu Gokhan , Ak Ismail , Tosun Mehmet 
Published: September 2003

BACKGROUND: Although the pathophysiology of fibromyalgia is unknown, central monoaminergic transmission may play a role. Antidepressants have proved to be successful in alleviating symptoms of fibromyalgia. Medications that act on multiple neurotransmitters may be more effective in symptom management. OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of venlafaxine, a potent inhibitor of both norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake, in the treatment of patients with fibromyalgia. METHODS: Fifteen patients with fibromyalgia were assessed prior to and after treatment with fixed-dose venlafaxine 75 mg/d. Before initiation of pharmacotherapy, patients were interviewed with the Structured Clinical Interview for Axis I disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition. The study lasted for 12 weeks, and patients were evaluated in weeks 6 and 12. The primary outcome measures were the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) total score and pain score. The anxiety and depression levels of the patients were measured with the Beck Depression, the Beck Anxiety, the Hamilton Anxiety, and the Hamilton Depression scales. RESULTS: There was a significant improvement in the mean intensity of pain (F = 14.3; p = 0.0001) and in the disability caused by fibromyalgia (F = 42.7; p = 0.0001) from baseline to week 12 of treatment. The depression and anxiety scores also decreased significantly from baseline to week 12. The improvement in the FIQ scores did not correlate with the decrease of scores in both patient- and physician-rated depression and anxiety inventories. Change in pain scores also was not correlated with the change in depression and anxiety scores. CONCLUSIONS: Venlafaxine was quite promising in alleviating the pain and disability associated with fibromyalgia. This effect seems to be independent of its anxiolytic and antidepressant properties. Blockade of both norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake might be more effective than blockade of either neurotransmitter alone in the treatment of fibromyalgia.
Omeprazole-Induced Intractable Cough
Authors: Howaizi Mehran , Delafosse Christian 
Published: September 2003

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of chronic, persistent cough induced by omeprazole therapy. CASE SUMMARY: A 42-year-old white woman presented with chronic, persistent cough after omeprazole initiation for treatment of postoperative heartburn. The cough was permanent, dry, and exhausting and worsened at night. Omeprazole therapy was continued for 4 months because the persistent cough was thought to be related to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, no cause of persistent, chronic cough was identified. After omeprazole discontinuation, the cough resolved. DISCUSSION: The most common causes of chronic cough in nonsmokers of all ages are postnasal drip syndrome, asthma, and GERD. However, persistent cough without bronchospasm or other pulmonary involvement may occur as a drug adverse effect. According to the US omeprazole package insert, cough is observed as an adverse reaction in 1.1% of patients, although this has not been mentioned in international drug information sources or medical literature. A MEDLINE search (1966–June 2003) using the terms cough, drug related, adverse effects, and omeprazole failed to find any data. In our patient, there was a temporal relationship between cough and medication use, suggesting a causal relationship. An objective causality assessment revealed that the adverse drug reaction was probable. The mechanism is unclear. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic, persistent cough may occur as an adverse effect of omeprazole therapy. Clinicians must be aware of this adverse effect to avoid useless and costly tests.
G2 checkpoint targets late replicating DNA
Authors: Campo Del , Samaniego R. , Giménez‐Abián J.F. , Giménez‐Martín G. , López‐Sáez J.F. , Díaz de la Espina S. Moreno , De la Torre C. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractIn the multinucleate cells induced in Allium cepa L. meristems, the nuclei surrounded by the largest cytoplasm environment complete replication earlier (advanced nuclei), but have a longer G2, than the others (delayed nuclei). Thus, all nuclei break down the nuclear envelope and start metaphase simultaneously. The present report shows that this synchronization relies on a checkpoint mechanism. When completion of replication was prevented in the delayed nuclei (due to in vivo 5‐aminouracil feeding initiated when the advanced nuclei were already in G2), the metaphase was also further delayed in the advanced ones. In turn, some of the delayed nuclei overrode the G2 checkpoint (adaptation) and entered into mitosis with broken chromatids (Del Campo et al., 1997). Anoxic UVA (313 nm) irradiation apparently prevents the binding of regulatory proteins to Br‐DNA. The present report shows that late replicating sequences are the targets of the checkpoint signal produced by the still replicating nuclei. This signal delays metaphase in the advanced nuclei, whose DNA is already fully replicated. Thus, when the already replicated sequences of late replicating DNA was modified in the advanced nuclei by bromosubstitution followed by anoxic UVA irradiation, they entered into mitosis without any delay, ignoring the inhibitory signals produced by the still replicating nuclei.
Expression of cell adhesion molecules in the adriamycin‐induced esophageal atresia rat model
Authors: Tugay Melih , Filiz Serdar , Dalçik Hakki , Güvenç B. Haluk , Dalçik Cannur , Korkmaz Mevlit , Sozubir Selami 
Published: October 2003

AbstractCell adhesion molecules are well‐known membrane glycoproteins widely expressed during embryonic development that play a crucial role in cell division, migration and differentiation. We investigated the cell—matrix relationship using N‐CAM and pan‐cadherin adhesion molecules in the adriamycin‐induced esophageal atresia (EA) rat model in the hope of finding a clue to the mechanisms of this unique anomaly.Time‐mated pregnant Sprague—Dawley rats were given either saline or adriamycin on days 8 and 9 of gestation. Embryos were harvested on the 18th day of gestation. Esophageal specimens obtained from adriamycin‐exposed embryos with (EA+) or without esophageal atresia (EA−) and from saline‐exposed embryos were immunostained with N‐CAM and pan‐cadherin primary antisera.The esophageal specimens from control and EA− groups revealed similar immunostaining properties: weak N‐CAM and pan‐cadherin immunoreactivity. In contrast, the EA+ group showed intense immunoreactivity.Our study demonstrated an increased synthesis of N‐CAM and pan‐cadherin in the epithelial cells of the atretic esophagus and trachea. These results suggest that embryonic cell—cell and cell—matrix interactions may play a crucial role in the development of adriamycin‐induced EA.
The Devil is in the Details: Converting Good Research into Publishable Articles
Authors: Feldman Daniel C. 
Published: October 2003

The number one problem with abstracts is too much approach, not enough arrival. Sometimes abstracts are so generically written that they do not pique the reviewers’ interest at all. Many read like this: “Topic A is increasingly important in the global marketplace. Drawing upon the literatures in B, C, D, and E, we present a general framework for understanding A. Data were collected from a wide variety of firms and several interesting patterns of findings emerged. The article concludes with a discussion of future research directions and implications for management practice.” Abstracts are your first chance to make a positive impression on reviewers; try to give the readers some concrete information to get them excited about your work. There’s nothing mystical about number of words in an abstract. Nonetheless, a good rule of thumb is one-half to two-thirds of a page. Try to include your key words at the end of your abstract.
Determinants of platelet responsiveness to nitric oxide in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Anderson R.A. , Ellis G.R. , Chirkov Y.Y. , Holmes A.S. , Payne N. , Blackman D.J. , Jackson S.K. , Lewis M.J. , Horowitz J.D. , Frenneaux M.P. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractCongestive heart failure (CHF) is associated with oxidative stress. Platelet responsiveness to nitric oxide (NO) donors, are impaired in patients with angina pectoris, possibly by increasing oxidative stress. We investigated the occurrence of platelet resistance to NO in patients, with ischaemic or non‐ischaemic cardiomyopathy compared with normal subjects. Anti‐aggregatory effects of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), oxidative stress and whole blood superoxide anion content were determined, with correlates of responsiveness to SNP. Inhibition of platelet aggregation by SNP was 65.4±3.55% in controls and 59.3±4.1% in CHF (P=ns) despite increased oxidative stress and post‐aggregation O2− in CHF patients. However, subsets of CHF patients have NO‐resistant platelets: this is associated with increasing age and/or increased oxidative stress (both p<0.05).
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Mitochondria of Grasses: Malonyl-Coenzyme A Is Generated by a MitochondrialLocalized Acetyl-Coenzyme A Carboxylase
Authors: Focke Manfred , Gieringer Ellen , Schwan Sabine , Jänsch Lothar , Binder Stefan , Braun Hans-Peter 
Published: October 2003

AbstractWe present biochemical evidence for the occurrence of a 250-kD multifunctional acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase in barley (Hordeum vulgare) mitochondria. Organelles from 6-d-old barley seedlings were purified by differential centrifugation and Percoll density gradient centrifugation. Upon analysis by two-dimensional Blue-native (BN)/SDS-PAGE, an abundant 250-kD protein can be visualized, which runs at 500 kD on the native gel dimension. A similar 500-kD complex is present in etioplasts from barley. The mitochondrial 250-kD protein is biotinylated as indicated by specific reaction with an antibody directed against biotin. Peptide sequence analysis by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry of the 250-kD proteins from both organellar fractions revealed amino acid sequences that are 100% identical to plastidic acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase from wheat (Triticum aestivum). The 500-kD complex was also detected in wheat mitochondria, but is absent in mitochondrial fractions from Arabidopsis. Specific acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylation activity in barley mitochondria is higher than in etioplasts, suggesting an important role of mitochondria in fatty acid biosynthesis. Functional implications are discussed.
Plasma Membrane Aquaporins Are Involved in Winter Embolism Recovery in Walnut Tree
Authors: Sakr Soulaiman , Alves Georges , Morillon Raphaël , Maurel Karine , Decourteix Mélanie , Guilliot Agnès , Fleurat-Lessard Pierrette , Julien Jean-Louis , Chrispeels Maarten J. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractIn perennial plants, freeze-thaw cycles during the winter months can induce the formation of air bubbles in xylem vessels, leading to changes in their hydraulic conductivity. Refilling of embolized xylem vessels requires an osmotic force that is created by the accumulation of soluble sugars in the vessels. Low water potential leads to water movement from the parenchyma cells into the xylem vessels. The water flux gives rise to a positive pressure essential for the recovery of xylem hydraulic conductivity. We investigated the possible role of plasma membrane aquaporins in winter embolism recovery in walnut (Juglans regia). First, we established that xylem parenchyma starch is converted to sucrose in the winter months. Then, from a xylem-derived cDNA library, we isolated two PIP2 aquaporin genes (JrPIP2,1 and JrPIP2,2) that encode nearly identical proteins. The water channel activity of the JrPIP2,1 protein was demonstrated by its expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes. The expression of the two PIP2 isoforms was investigated throughout the autumn-winter period. In the winter period, high levels of PIP2 mRNA and corresponding protein occurred simultaneously with the rise in sucrose. Furthermore, immunolocalization studies in the winter period show that PIP2 aquaporins were mainly localized in vessel-associated cells, which play a major role in controlling solute flux between parenchyma cells and xylem vessels. Taken together, our data suggest that PIP2 aquaporins could play a role in water transport between xylem parenchyma cells and embolized vessels.
Nucleosome Position-Dependent and -Independent Activation of
HIS7
Expression in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
by Different Transcriptional Activators
Authors: Valerius Oliver , Brendel Cornelia , Wagner Claudia , Krappmann Sven , Thoma Fritz , Braus Gerhard H. 
Published: October 2003

ABSTRACT

ARO4
and
HIS7
are two tandemly orientated genes of
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
that are transcribed into the same direction. The
ARO4
terminator and the
HIS7
promoter regions are sensitive to
Micrococcus
nuclease (Mnase) and separated by a positioned nucleosome. The
HIS7
promoter is target for the transcription factors Gcn4p and Bas1p/Bas2p that activate its transcription upon amino acid starvation and purine limitation, respectively. Activation of the
HIS7
gene by Gcn4p overexpression but not by Bas1p/Bas2p releases an ordered nucleosome distribution to yield increased Mnase sensitivity throughout the intergenic region. This remodeling is
SNF2
dependent but mostly
GCN5
independent. Accordingly,
SNF2
is necessary for the Gcn4p-mediated transcriptional activation of the
HIS7
gene.
GCN5
is required for activation upon adenine limitation by Bas1p/Bas2p. Our data suggest that activation of
HIS7
transcription by Gcn4p and Bas1p/Bas2p is supported by a nucleosome position-dependent and -independent mechanism, respectively. Whereas Gcn4p activation causes Swi/Snf-mediated remodeling of the nucleosomal architecture at the
HIS7
promoter, the Bas1p/Bas2p complex presumably activates in combination with Gcn5p-dependent histone acetylation.
Copper Response Element and Crr1-Dependent Ni
2+
-Responsive Promoter for Induced, Reversible Gene Expression in
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Quinn Jeanette M. , Kropat Janette , Merchant Sabeeha 
Published: October 2003

ABSTRACT

The
Cpx1
and
Cyc6
genes of
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
are activated in copper-deficient cells via a signal transduction pathway that requires copper response elements (CuREs) and a copper response regulator defined by the
CRR1
locus. The two genes can also be activated by provision of nickel or cobalt ions in the medium. The response to nickel ions requires at least one CuRE and also
CRR1
function, suggesting that nickel interferes with a component in the nutritional copper signal transduction pathway. Nickel does not act by preventing copper uptake/utilization because (i) holoplastocyanin formation is unaffected in Ni
2+
-treated cells and (ii) provision of excess copper cannot reverse the Ni-dependent activation of the target genes. The CuRE is sufficient for conferring Ni-responsive expression to a reporter gene, which suggests that the system has practical application as a vehicle for inducible gene expression. The inducer can be removed either by replacing the medium or by chelating the inducer with excess EDTA, either of which treatments reverses the activation of the target genes.
Green fluorescent protein‐labeled mapping of neural stem cells migrating towards damaged areas in the adult central nervous system
Authors: Zhou Chang , Wen Zhe‐Xing , Wang Zhi‐Ping , Guo Xing , Shi Dong‐Mei , Zuo Huan‐Cong , Xie Zuo‐Ping 
Published: October 2003

AbstractNeural stem cells, which are clonogenic cells with multilineage differentiation properties from regions of the fetal brain, cortex and hippocampus, are currently considered as powerful candidates for cell replacement therapy in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease. A key issue is whether stem cells can survive, migrate and differentiate following transplantation into the adult CNS. Here, enhanced green fluorescent protein plasmid electroporation‐transfected neural stem cells from the fetal cortex were grafted into the striatum of a rat model of Parkinson's disease. We found most of the grafted cells could survive in the adult parkinsonian rat brain and migrated towards damaged areas, while they moved randomly in the normal brain. Several grafted cells differentiated into neurons.
Polygalacturonase β-Subunit Antisense Gene Expression in Tomato Plants Leads to a Progressive Enhanced Wound Response and Necrosis in Leaves and Abscission of Developing Flowers
Authors: Orozco-Cárdenas Martha L. , Ryan Clarence A. 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum var. Better Boy) plants were transformed with a tomato leaf wound-inducible polygalacturonase (PG) β-subunit gene in the antisense orientation (PGβS-AS) under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. The leaves of the transgenic plants exhibited small localized lesions, which eventually enlarged and spread throughout the entire surfaces of the leaves, resulting in cell death. The same lesions were also observed in the peduncle of developing flowers, extending to the whole flower causing abscission, resulting in a sterile phenotype. Leaves of transgenic plants exhibited elevated levels of PG activity, hydrogen peroxide, and enhanced defense signaling in response to wounding and elicitor treatment. The defense signaling increased was accompanied by an increased resistance toward tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta) larvae. The cumulative results suggest that in the absence of the β-subunit protein in tomato leaves, an increase in PG activity occurred that led to an enhanced wound response, the formation of lesions leading to severe necrosis, and an abscission of developing flowers.