bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Draft genome sequence of a multidrug-resistant
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
clinical isolate, 3184-KZ
Authors: Auganova Dana , Atavliyeva Sabina , Akisheva Akmaral , Tsepke Anna , Tarlykov Pavel 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
is an obligate aerobic bacterium that is the causative agent of tuberculosis. Here, we announce the draft genome sequence of multidrug-resistant
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
clinical isolate, 3184-KZ, from a patient with infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis from Kazakhstan.
Interactome between ASFV and host immune pathway proteins
Authors: Wu Qijun , Lei Yingying , Zuo Ya , Zhang Ji , Guo Fenglin , Xu Weize , Xie Tanghui , Wang Dang , Peng Guiqing , Wang Xiangru , Chen Huanchun , Fu Zhenfang , Cao Gang , Dai Jinxia 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes severe acute hemorrhagic disease with high mortality in domestic pigs but minimal or no symptoms to warthogs, for which the underlying mechanism remains elusive. ASFV encodes numerous proteins to disturb host immune responses via interacting with host proteins. In this study, we deciphered the comprehensive protein-protein interaction (PPI) network between ASFV and host immune pathways by the recombination-based library vs library high-throughput yeast two-hybrid screening. This PPI network contains both ASFV-host PPI and ASFV-ASFV PPI information, providing a comprehensive ASFV-host interactome landscape. We further explored the ASFV-host PPI difference between domestic pigs and warthogs. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of ASFV proteins in the PPI with cGAS-STING pathway on IFN-I and NF-κB promoter activity was screened to investigate the ASFV-host PPI functions. Our work will help the exploration of ASFV pathogenesis and the development of anti-ASFV vaccine and ASFV-resistant transgenic pigs.

IMPORTANCE
African swine fever (ASF), caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV), has become a major crisis for the pork industry in recent years. The mechanism for ASFV pathology and the clinical symptoms difference of ASF between domestic pigs and reservoir hosts remain to be elucidated. We deciphered the comprehensive protein-protein interaction (PPI) network between ASFV and host immune pathways. The intensive PPI network contained both ASFV-host immune pathway PPI and ASFV-ASFV PPI information, providing a comprehensive ASFV-host interaction landscape. Furthermore, the ASFV-host PPI difference between domestic pigs and warthogs was explored, which will be instructive for exploring essential candidates involved in ASFV pathology. Moreover, we screened the inhibitory effect of ASFV proteins in the PPI with cGAS-STING pathway on IFN-I and NF-κB, further providing possible functions of ASFV-host PPI network in innate immune regulation.
Isotopic (δ13C, δ18O) Analysis of Small Amounts of Carbonate in Silicate Rocks by the Continuous Flow Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry Method
Authors: Dubinina E. O. , Chizhova Y. N. , Kossova S. A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
An experimental study of the main factors affecting the accuracy of oxygen and carbon isotopic analysis in carbonates dispersed in silicate matrix is carried out. Artificial 1, 2, 5, and 10% mixtures of quartz with carbonates with different isotopic parameters (KH-2, Ko, MCA-8) were analyzed by continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry (CF IRMS). It is established that, in addition to the influence of the instrumental nonlinearity, the results are affected by two factors: trace amounts of CO2, constantly present in the system (the blank effect) and the presence of chemically neutral silicate particles (the matrix effect). The blank effect depends on the isotopic parameters of the sample and has very little influence on the estimated carbonate content in the rock. The matrix effect, on the contrary, strongly affects the estimated carbonate content, and produces the isotopic shift towards underestimated contents of heavy 13C and 18O isotopes. It is shown that this effect is related to the processes occurring near the CO2–acid–quartz interface, which are accompanied by kinetic fractionation of carbon and oxygen isotopes. Both effects are dependent on the amount of silicate matrix in the system and most clearly manifested during analysis of carbonate-poor rocks. When the carbonate content in the rock is about 1–2%, deviations from the true δ13C and δ18O values can reach the first ppm, while carbonate content obtained by chromatographic peak calibration can be underestimated by 20–40%.
#ReadyToPlay: health problems in women’s football–a two-season prospective cohort study in the Norwegian premier league
Authors: Amundsen Roar , Thorarinsdottir Solveig , Clarsen Benjamin , Andersen Thor Einar , Møller Merete , Bahr Roald 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesTo describe the prevalence, incidence and burden of all health problems in the Norwegian women’s premier league.MethodsDuring the 2020 and 2021 seasons, players in the Norwegian women’s premier league reported all health problems (sudden-onset injuries, gradual-onset injuries and illnesses) weekly, using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Questionnaire on Health Problems. Team medical staff diagnosed reported problems using the Sport Medicine Diagnostic Coding System. We calculated average weekly prevalence, incidence and burden of all health problems reported.ResultsWe included 294 players (age: 22±4 years) from 11 teams. Response rate to the weekly questionnaire was 79%. On average, 32% (95% CI: 31% to 33%) of the players reported at least one health problem at any time and 22% (95% CI: 21% to 23%) reported a substantial health problem negatively affecting their training volume or performance. The overall incidence was 10.7 health problems per 1000 hours of football exposure. Sudden-onset injuries were most severe (68% of the total time loss), followed by gradual-onset injuries (25%) and illnesses (8%). Thigh was the most common injury location (26%), while knee injuries were most severe, causing 42% of the total injury time loss. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries alone caused 30% of the total injury time loss.ConclusionOne in five players had a health problem negatively affecting their training volume or performance at any time. Sudden-onset injuries represented the most burdensome health problem. Thigh injuries were most frequent, while knee injuries, ACL injuries especially, were most severe.
Core outcomes and factors influencing the experience of care for children with severe acute exacerbations of asthma: a qualitative study
Authors: Craig Simon , Xu Yao , Robas Kael , Iramain Ricardo , Yock-Corrales Adriana , Soto-Martinez Manuel E , Rino Pedro , Belen Alvarez Ricciardi Maria , Piantanida Sofia , Mahant Sanjay , Ubuane Peter Odion , Odusote Olatunde , Kwok Maria , Johnson Michael D , Paniagua Natalia , Benito Fernandez Javier , Ong Gene Y , Lyttle Mark D , Gong Jin , Roland Damian , Dalziel Stuart R , Nixon Gillian M , Powell Colin V E , Graudins Andis , Babl Franz E 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveTo identify the outcomes considered important, and factors influencing the patient experience, for parents and caregivers of children presenting to hospital with a severe acute exacerbation of asthma. This work contributes to the outcome-identification process in developing a core outcome set (COS) for future clinical trials in children with severe acute asthma.DesignA qualitative study involving semistructured interviews with parents and caregivers of children who presented to hospital with a severe acute exacerbation of asthma.SettingHospitals in 12 countries associated with the global Pediatric Emergency Research Networks, including high-income and middle-income countries. Interviews were conducted face-to-face, by teleconference/video-call, or by phone.FindingsOverall, there were 54 interviews with parents and caregivers; 2 interviews also involved the child. Hospital length of stay, intensive care unit or high-dependency unit (HDU) admission, and treatment costs were highlighted as important outcomes influencing the patient and family experience. Other potential clinical trial outcomes included work of breathing, speed of recovery and side effects. In addition, the patient and family experience was impacted by decision-making leading up to seeking hospital care, transit to hospital, waiting times and the use of intravenous treatment. Satisfaction of care was related to communication with clinicians and frequent reassessment.ConclusionsThis study provides insight into the outcomes that parents and caregivers believe to be the most important to be considered in the process of developing a COS for the treatment of acute severe exacerbations of asthma.
PD-L1 expression in recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in China (EXCEED study): a multicentre retrospective study
Authors: Lu Haizhen , Kuang Dong , Zhou Ping , Zeng Jing , Xia Qingxin , Wang Jian , Duan Pei , Jiang Lili , Zang Shengbing , Jin Yiping , Jiang Xiangnan , Li Jielin , Tang Wenmin , Zhou Jiansong , Chen Jihua , Ying Jianming 
Published: November 2023

AimsProgrammed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is known to be highly expressed in various malignancies, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We aimed to determine the prevalence of PD-L1 expression in recurrent or metastatic HNSCC (R/M HNSCC) among Chinese patients.MethodsThis multicentre, retrospective analysis of data from six centres in China included patients with R/M HNSCC treated from 9 August 2021 to 28 February 2022. PD-L1 expression in tumour tissue was assessed and represented using a combined positive score (CPS). The χ2and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel χ2tests were used to compare the prevalence of different PD-L1 expression statuses according to related co-variables.ResultsFor all 402 examined patients with R/M HNSCC, 168 cases (41.8%) had PD-L1 expression with a CPS ≥20, and 337 cases (83.8%) had PD-L1 expression with a CPS ≥1. Between the PD-L1 CPS ≥20 group and PD-L1 CPS <20 group, statistically significant differences were observed for variables of sex (p<0.001), smoking habit (p=0.0138 for non-smokers vs current smokers) and primary tumour site (p<0.001 for hypopharynx vs oral cavity and p=0.0304 for larynx vs oral cavity, respectively).ConclusionPD-L1 with CPS ≥20 was expressed in about 41.8% of cases with R/M HNSCC among Chinese patients, and PD-L1 expression was significantly associated with sex, smoking history and primary tumour site. Our findings regarding the variables related to PD-L1 expression level provide insight for clinical practice and a solid basis for future research on immunotherapy in HNSCC.Trial registration numberISRCTN10570964.
19 Dimensions of interoception in people with epilepsy and people with functional non-epileptic seizures
Authors: Elkommos Samia , Spencer Rachel , Fox Celine , Koreki Akihiro , Mula Marco , Critchley Hugo D , Edwards Mark , Garfinkel Sarah N , Richardson Mark P , Yogarajah Mahinda 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundInteroception describes the predictive representation and control of the internal physiological state of the body. Disturbances in interoception have been demonstrated in people with functional seizures. Little is known about interoception in epilepsy.AimTo compare dimensions of interoception across three groups - people with functional non-epileptic seizures (FS), people with epileptic seizures (ES) and healthy controls (HC). We hypothesised that people with ES would display deficits in interoception compared to HC, given the neuroanatomical correlates of interoception are frequently implicated in epilepsy.MethodsWe included 37 participants with FS, 48 with ES and 34 HC. All participants completed measures of (1) interoceptive accuracy (IA) – objective performance on a heartbeat tracking task (HTT) and heartbeat discrimination task (HDT); (2) trait interoceptive sensibility – subjective sensitivity to internal sensations (measured using the Porges Body Perception Questionnaire) and (3) state interoceptive sensibility – subjective trial-by-trial measures of confidence in heartbeat detection. These were used to calculate interoceptive awareness (metacognitive measure). All completed self-report ratings of dissociation (MDI, SDQ), depression (BDI), and anxiety (BAI).ResultsAcross the groups, there was a statistically significant difference in IA measured through the HTT (χ2(2)=12.474,p=0.002) with the highest mean score demonstrated in HC (&xbar;=76.76), followed by ES (&xbar;=54.29) and then FS groups (&xbar;=50.14). Pairwise comparisons revealed significant differences in IA when comparing HC to both ES (p=0.010) and FS (p=0.003), but not between ES and FS groups (p=0.582). Interoceptive sensibility also differed significantly between groups (F (2, 116)=11.769,p<0.001) and was highest in FS, followed by ES, then HC but did not differ between ES and FS groups (p=0.969). Significant differences in HDT awareness were found between groups (F=5.182,p=0.007). Pairwise comparisons revealed significant differences between ES and FS (p=0.005). Mean HDT awareness for FS (&xbar;=0.495) was lower than for ES (&xbar;=0.598) and HC (&xbar;=0.548). People with FS displayed the highest levels of dissociation, depression, and anxiety with dissociation and depression scores being significantly higher than those with ES (p<0.001 andp=0.030 respectively).ConclusionsBoth ES and FS groups demonstrated deficits in interoception (reduced IA and increased interoceptive sensibility) compared to HC. Interoceptive awareness on the HDT significantly differed between ES and FS groups. Whilst interoceptive deficits in people with ES could be related to the effects of epilepsy on interoceptive networks, interoceptive awareness in ES appears to be higher compared to those with FS. The role of interoception merits further study in these patient populations.
What comes after strategy: Moving beyond statements and open letters – An analysis of three Toronto hospitals’ diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) plans
Authors: Khan Bilal Noreen , Dang-Nguyen Marlena , Gordon Dara , Chandra Shivani , Omolade Abejirinde Ibukun-Oluwa 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionThe murders of Breonna Taylor and George Floyd in 2020 forced institutions to publicly acknowledge systemic racism. In the Canadian healthcare sector, some hospitals used this pivotal moment to create strategic equity plans to address anti-Black racism and ongoing health inequities.MethodsThrough a case study approach, we selected three hospitals in Toronto, Canada and analysed their most recent publicly available diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) strategic plans.ResultsAll three hospitals released new DEI strategies following 2020 that covered similar grounds: incorporating DEI into HR practices, cultural adaptations of services, race-based data collection and investments in training. While two out of three hospitals reported progress on their anti-Black racism commitments, specific actions to be taken and metrics to monitor and track progress varied.ConclusionsDEI plans analysed are set to reach maturity as early as 2023 and as late as 2025. We provide high level recommendations to guide this work beyond these timelines. Antiracism reform and reconciliation is not a one-time event, but requires thoughtful planning, collaboration with communities, investment in labour (ie, resources and staff), reflection and deep reckoning.
Chronic respiratory symptoms following deployment-related occupational and environmental exposures among US veterans
Authors: Garshick Eric , Redlich Carrie A , Korpak Anna , Timmons Andrew K , Smith Nicholas L , Nakayama Karen , Baird Coleen P , Ciminera Paul , Kheradmand Farrah , Fan Vincent S , Hart Jaime E , Koutrakis Petros , Kuschner Ware , Ioachimescu Octavian , Jerrett Michael , Montgrain Phillipe R , Proctor Susan P , Wan Emily S , Wendt Christine H , Wongtrakool Cherry , Blanc Paul D 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesCharacterise inhalational exposures during deployment to Afghanistan and Southwest Asia and associations with postdeployment respiratory symptoms.MethodsParticipants (n=1960) in this cross-sectional study of US Veterans (Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study ‘Service and Health Among Deployed Veterans’) completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire regarding 32 deployment exposures, grouped a priori into six categories: burn pit smoke; other combustion sources; engine exhaust; mechanical and desert dusts; toxicants; and military job-related vapours gas, dusts or fumes (VGDF). Responses were scored ordinally (0, 1, 2) according to exposure frequency. Factor analysis supported item reduction and category consolidation yielding 28 exposure items in 5 categories. Generalised linear models with a logit link tested associations with symptoms (by respiratory health questionnaire) adjusting for other covariates. OR were scaled per 20-point score increment (normalised maximum=100).ResultsThe cohort mean age was 40.7 years with a median deployment duration of 11.7 months. Heavy exposures to multiple inhalational exposures were commonly reported, including burn pit smoke (72.7%) and VGDF (72.0%). The prevalence of dyspnoea, chronic bronchitis and wheeze in the past 12 months was 7.3%, 8.2% and 15.6%, respectively. Burn pit smoke exposure was associated with dyspnoea (OR 1.22; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.47) and chronic bronchitis (OR 1.22; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.44). Exposure to VGDF was associated with dyspnoea (OR 1.29; 95% CI 1.14 to 1.58) and wheeze (OR 1.18; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.35).ConclusionExposures to burn pit smoke and military occupational VGDF during deployment were associated with an increased odds of chronic respiratory symptoms among US Veterans.
Unparticle effects at the MUonE experiment
Authors: Le Duc Ninh , Le Van Dung , Le Duc Truyen , Le Van Cuong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe investigate possible effects of unparticles at the MUonE experiment by considering a general model for unparticle with broken scale invariance, characterized by the scaling dimension d and the energy scale $$\mu $$
μ
at which the scale invariance is broken. Taking into account available relevant constraints on the couplings of the unparticles with the Standard Model (SM) leptons, we found that the MUonE experiment at the level of 10 ppm systematic accuracy is sensitive to such effects if $$1<d\lesssim 1.4$$

1
<
d
≲
1.4

and $$1\le \mu \lesssim 12$$

1
≤
μ
≲
12

GeV for vector unparticles. The effects of scalar unparticles are too feeble to be detected. The vector unparticles can induce a significant shift on the best-fit value of $$a_\mu ^\text {had}$$

a
μ
had

at the MUonE, thereby providing an opportunity to detect unparticles or to obtain a new bound on the unparticle-SM couplings in the case of no anomaly.
Synthesizing Computable Functions from Rational Specifications Over Infinite Words
Authors: Filiot Emmanuel , Winter Sarah 
Published: November 2023

The synthesis problem asks to automatically generate, if it exists, an algorithm from a specification of correct input-output pairs. In this paper, we consider the synthesis of computable functions of infinite words, for a classical Turing computability notion over infinite inputs. We consider specifications which are rational relations of infinite words, i.e., specifications defined by non-deterministic parity transducers. We prove that the synthesis problem of computable functions from rational specifications is undecidable. We provide an incomplete but sound reduction to some parity game, such that if Eve wins the game, then the rational specification is realizable by a computable function. We prove that this function is even computable by a deterministic two-way transducer. We provide a sufficient condition under which the latter game reduction is complete. This entails the decidability of the synthesis problem of computable functions, which we proved to be ExpTime-complete, for a large subclass of rational specifications, namely deterministic rational specifications. This subclass contains the class of automatic relations over infinite words, a yardstick in reactive synthesis.
Microbial Regulation of Vitamin D Linked to Colorectal Cancer: A Sex Bias
Authors: Riquelme Erick , Howell Rian M. , McAllister Florencia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In a recent issue of Cancer Cell, Li and colleagues revealed that Carnobacterium maltaromaticum (C. maltaromaticum) was significantly depleted in the stool samples of patients with colorectal cancer in a female-specific manner. C. maltaromaticum actively participated in the generation of vitamin D intermediary metabolites, which together with Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Lachnispiraceae bacterium produce an active metabolite of vitamin D that protects against colorectal cancer development. C. maltaromaticum supplementation induced in a female-specific manner an increase in vitamin D levels that would activate its receptor in the colonic epithelium, protecting against the development of colorectal cancer.
Unsatisfactory Fecal Immunochemical Tests for Colorectal Cancer Screening: Prevalence, Reasons, and Subsequent Testing
Authors: Liu Po-Hong , Nair Rasmi G. , Skinner Celette Sugg , Murphy Caitlin C. , Kim Eric J. , Ortiz Cynthia , Wang Lei , Hu Ellen , Lykken Jacquelyn M. , Levin Theodore R. , Green Beverly B. , Hahn Erin E. , Santini Noel , Halm Ethan A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background:
Fecal immunochemical test (FIT) is an effective colorectal cancer screening modality. Little is known about prevalence, reasons, and testing after unsatisfactory FIT, or a FIT that cannot be processed by the laboratory due to inadequate stool specimen or incomplete labeling.

Methods:
Our retrospective cohort study examined unsatisfactory FIT among average-risk individuals aged 50–74 years in a large, integrated, safety-net health system who completed an index FIT from 2010 to 2019. We determined prevalence of unsatisfactory FIT and categorized reasons hierarchically. We used multivariable logistic regression models to identify factors associated with: (i) unsatisfactory FIT; and (ii) subsequent testing within 15 months of the unsatisfactory FIT.

Results:
Of 56,980 individuals completing an index FIT, 10.2% had an unsatisfactory FIT. Reasons included inadequate specimen (51%), incomplete labeling (27%), old specimen (13%), and broken/leaking container (8%). Unsatisfactory FIT was associated with being male [OR, 1.10; confidence interval (CI), 1.03–1.16], Black (OR, 1.46; CI, 1.33–1.61), Spanish speaking (OR, 1.12; CI, 1.01–1.24), on Medicaid (OR, 1.42; CI, 1.28–1.58), and received FIT by mail (OR, 2.66; CI, 2.35–3.01). Among those with an unsatisfactory FIT, fewer than half (41%) completed a subsequent test within 15 months (median, 4.4 months). Adults aged 50–54 years (OR, 1.16; CI, 1.01–1.39) and those who received FIT by mail (OR, 1.92; CI, 1.49–2.09) were more likely to complete a subsequent test.

Conclusions:
One in ten returned a FIT that could not be processed, mostly due to patient-related reasons. Fewer than half completed a subsequent test after unsatisfactory FIT.

Impact:
Screening programs should address these breakdowns such as specimen collection and labeling to improve real-world effectiveness.
See related In the Spotlight, p. 183