bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ethanol extract of Muntingia calabura exhibits in vitro antidiabetic potentials by inhibiting carbohydrate digestive enzymes
Authors: Dutta Subhajit , Ramesh C , Madhu A , Pundi Krishna , Sowmya B.A. 
Published: November 2023

Objective: The present research study was conducted to investigate in vitro anti-diabetic potentials of ethanol extract of leaves of Muntingia calabura for α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities.
Materials & Methods: The leaves of Muntingia calabura were collected and authenticated. dried and powdered. The powdered drug was defatted using petroleum ether and extracted with ethanol. The ethanol extract of Muntingia calabura was subjected to preliminary phytochemical investigation. The in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory and α-amylase inhibitory properties were determined for the ethanol extract and concentrations of extract required to inhibit absorbance (IC50 values) EEMC were determined.
Results: Significant IC50 values were found in both tests that assessed the inhibitory activity of α-glucosidase and α-amylase, demonstrating the capacity of the ethanol extract of Muntingia calabura to block carbohydrate digesting enzymes and prevent postprandial blood glucose.
Conclusion: The results of the presents investigation recommends that ethanol extract of Muntingia calabura possess significant α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activity.
Keywords: Antidiabetic activity, Muntingia calabura, α-glucosidase and α-amylase and IC50values.
Screening the statistical impact of some independent variables on the particle size and entrapment efficiency (EE) for the design and development of curcumin-loaded PLGA-Tf nanoparticles
Authors: Verma Deepika , Upadhyaya Kumud 
Published: November 2023

The present study provides the insight of statistical aspects of various independent variables like Tf-PLGA Curcumin ratio, stirring speed and emulsifying concentration over dependent variables like particle size and EE of the drug. Design Expert Version 13.1.5 was used to analyse the impact of independent variables over dependent variables. To study the effect of intendent variables over particle size, the valve Predicted R² was 0.9701 is in reasonable agreement with the Adjusted R² of 0.9907; i.e., the difference is less than 0.2. indicating that stirring speed have a great impact of particle size. While in another fact also shown the Adeq Precision measures the signal to noise ratio. A ratio greater than 4 is desirable and in respect of that the ratio of 9.630 indicates an adequate signal, i.e. it greatly gives impact on size of nanoparticles. In the case of entrapment efficacy (EE) the Predicted R² of 0.9892 is in reasonable agreement with the Adjusted R² of 0.9910; i.e. the difference is less than 0.2 which support the significance of the study and impact of Tf- PLGA curcumin ratio over EE. Adeq Precision measures the signal to noise ratio. A ratio greater than 4 is desirable but for this study the ratio was calculated as14.989 indicates an adequate signal. Therefore, the two independent variables like, Tf-PLGA Curcumin ratio and stirring speed have significant impact on EE and particle size of nanoparticles.
Keywords: Tf-PLGA Curcumin ratio, stirring speed, EE, particle size, Adjusted R², Predicted R²,. Adeq Precision
Validated Simultaneous Derivative Spectrophotometric Estimation of Azithromycin, Fluconazole and Secnidazole in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Formulation
Authors: Raskar M.A. , Kate P.A. , Mungse S.S. , Godge Ganesh Raosaheb 
Published: November 2023

Two simple, sensitive, accurate and precise spectrophotometric methods were developed and validated for the quantitative determination of Azithromycin (AZI), Fluconazole (FLU) and Secnidazole (SEC) in bulk and tablet dosage form. Method A is based on the first-order derivative (D1) and Method B is based on the second-order derivative (D2) spectrophotometric method. In Method A, absorbance was measured at 215nm, 275nm and 333nm being the zero crossing points for AZI, FLU and SEC respectively. In Method B, absorbance was measured at 220nm, 225nm and 211nm being the zero crossing points for AZI, FLU and SEC respectively. For Method A, all three drugs obey Beer’s law in the concentration range 5-30µg/ml for AZI, 5-60 µg/ml for FLU and 5-40 µg/ml for SEC with correlation coefficients 0.995, 0.998 and 0.998 respectively. For Method B, all three drugs obey Beer’s law in the concentration range 5-35 µg/ml for AZI, 5-40 µg/ml for FLU and 5-40 µg/ml for SEC with correlation coefficients 0.995, 0.999 and 0.998 respectively. Both methods can be used for routine analysis of these three drugs in their pharmaceutical dosage form. Results for analysis of both methods were tested and validated for various parameters according to ICH guidelines.
Keywords: Derivative, Azithromycin, Fluconazole, Secnidazole
Evaluation of Effect of Rosmarinus officinalis L. on Ethylene Glycol Induced Kidney Stone in Rats
Authors: Sahu Swati , Sharma Aakash 
Published: November 2023

The present study evaluation of effect of Rosmarinus officinalis L. on ethylene glycol induced kidney stone in rats showed that the ethanolic extract of Rosmarinus officinalis possess the diuretic activity and effective in the treatment of kidney stone. The activity was evaluated against ethylene glycol (0.75%) induced kidney stone in albino rats. Animals were divided into five groups, containing six animals in each. Group I serve as normal control and received regular rat food and drinking water ad libitum. Ethylene glycol (0.75%) in drinking water was feed to Groups II to V for induction of renal calculi for 28 days. Group III received standard anti-urolithiasis drug, cystone (750mg/kg body weight) from 15th to till 35th day. Group IV and V received ethanolic extract of Rosmarinus officinalis at dose of 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg respectively from 15th to till 35th day.
The serum creatinine level, serum urea level, urine calcium level, protein level in urine, serum uric acid was increased and serum calcium level, protein level in serum was decreased in all experimental groups except normal control group after ethylene glycol administration till day 14.
The animals treated on the day 14th with standard drug (Cystone 750mg/kg) and Rosmarinus officinalis extract (100mg/kg and 200mg/kg), were observed significant decreased serum creatinine level, serum urea level, urine calcium level, protein level in urine and serum uric acid and increased serum calcium level, protein level in serum compared to normal control group on the day 28th and 35th.
This indicates that the ethanolic extract of Rosmarinus officinalis (200mg/kg) have protective role against kidney stone.
Keywords: Kidney Stone, Ethanolic extract, Rosmarinus officinalis, Ethylene glycol, uric acid, creatinine.
Assessment of Efficacy and Cost-Effectiveness of Oral and IV Iron Therapy in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Tamilselvan T. , Shanet Nissy Nelson , Senorita Ann Thomas , Shabla KM , Sneha Sathyan 
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Long-term iron therapy for anemia in chronic kidney disease patients is creating an economic burden and discontinuation of the treatment. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness and efficacy of oral and intravenous iron therapy and iron therapy. Methods: the patients were distributed into group 1 and group 2 and were administered with oral and intravenous iron therapy respectively. Baseline hemoglobin and packed cell volume were recorded and subsequently monitored in the next follow-up visit to assess the efficacy of the iron therapy. Results: Among oral therapy, ferric citrate and ferric ascorbate were administered in 61 % and 39% of patients respectively. Among intravenous Iron sucrose and carboxymalotose were administered in 76% and 24% of patients respectively. There was a mean increase of 1.15g/dl and 2g/dl of hemoglobin with oral ferrous ascorbate and intravenous carboxymaltose therapy respectively. Conclusion: Thus, iron sucrose is found to be a cost-effective treatment. Ferrous ascorbate had more effect than ferric citrate and a lower cost compared to ferric citrate. This study revealed that oral ferrous ascorbate treatment is found to be cost-effective in chronic kidney disease with anemia.
Keywords: Iron therapy, cost-effective, anemia, hemoglobin, kidney disease.
Kelayakan Konseling Cognitive Behavior Teknik Relaksasi Berbasis Website LMS Schoology Untuk Mereduksi Kejenuhan Belajar Siswa SMA
Authors: Wisnu Wardani Nara , Suranata Kadek , Ari Dwiarwati Kadek 
Published: November 2023

Studi ini bertujuan untuk menguji keberterimaan dan keefektifan konseling <em>cognitive behavior</em> dengan teknik relaksasi berbasis <em>website</em><em> LMS Schoology</em> dalam mereduksi kejenuhan belajar siswa SMA. Studi ini dilakukan berdasarkan prosedur penelitian pengembangan mengikuti model pengembangan 4D oleh Thiagarajan (1974). Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 3 orang praktisi dan ahli yang menilai sistem konseling secara teoretis, juga melibatkan 30 orang siswa sebagai responden uji coba terbatas keefektifan sistem konseling. Data tentang keberterimaan, kemudahan akses, dan kebermanfaatan sistem dan modul konseling diperoleh melalui skala AAF, dan data kejenuhan belajar diperoleh melalui skala MBI-SS. Analisis data terkait keberterimaan sistem konseling atau validitas teoretis berdasarkan penilaian praktisi dan ahli dilakukan menggunakan perhitungan <em>content validity ratio</em>. Analisis stastitik uji t-test untuk menguji efektifitas sistem konseling setelah uji coba terbatas. Tanggapan siswa peserta uji coba terhadap keberterimaan, kemudahan akses dan kebermanfaatan konseling <em>ognitive behavior</em> dengan teknik relaksasi kognitif berbasis <em>website</em><em> LMS Schoology </em>dideskripsikan dan dilakukan analisis presentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem dan panduan konseling <em>cognitive behavior</em> memiliki indeks validitas isi atau CVI sebesar 1 yang berarti sangat baik. Uji efektifitas melalui uji emperik terbatas menunjukkan bahwa nilai t sebesar 28.7, pada p&gt; 0.05 yang menunjukkan bahwa konseling <em>cognitive behavior</em> teknik relaksasi berbasis <em>website</em> LMS schoology efektif mereduksi kejenuhan belajar siswa SMA. Tanggapan siswa terhadap keberterimaan, kemudahan akses dan kebermanfaatan sistem dan panduan konseling dalam kategori baik, dengan indeks rata-rata lebih dari 50% siswa setuju sistem konseling dan modul panduan mudah dipahami dan dilaksanakan, mudah diakses dan bermanfaat. Hasil penelitian ini berimplikasi terhadap pengembangan dan inovasi layanan bimbingan dan konseling di sekolah berbasis ICT, khususnya menggunakan LMS.
PELATIHAN INTERNET OF THINGS BERBASIS NODEMCU KEPADA SISWA-SISWI SMK 2 MEI BANDAR LAMPUNG
Authors: Harahap Charles Ronald , Komalasari Endah , Sadnowo R. Ageng , Hamdani Fadil , Riwanda Rahmat Faisal 
Published: November 2023

Internet of things (IoT) adalah suatu konsep di mana suatu objek yang memiliki kemampuan untuk mentransfer data melalui jaringan tanpa memerlukan interaksi manusia ke manusia atau manusia ke komputer. Dengan adanya penggabungan berbagai teknologi, pembelajaran mesin (machine learning), analitik waktu nyata, sensor-sensor komoditas dan sistem tertanam memungkinkan IoT semakin berkembang. IoT sangat berguna memonitor kondisi benda secara jarak jauh dengan memanfaatkan internet sehingga dapat menghemat waktu. IoT dapat juga digunakan untuk memonitor dan mengendalikan sistem mekanis, elektrik dan elektronik yang digunakan dalam bangunan. SMK 2 Mei memiliki Jurusan Elektronika sedang mengembangkan pembelajaran elektronika dengan memantau dan mengendalikan perangkat elektronika secara jarak jauh dengan IoT, membutuhkan komponen-komponen elektronik seperti NodeMCU yang merupakan platform IoT open source berbiaya rendah. Siswa-siswi SMK 2 Mei menghadapi kesulitan dalam memantau dan mengendalikan perangkat elektronika secara jarak jauh dengan memanfaatkan internet. Melihat kondisi seperti ini siswa-siswi Jurusan Elektronika perlu diberikan pelatihan IoT untuk mendukung proses pembelajaran dan pengembangan di bidang elektronika, kendali dan internet. Untuk membantu siswa-siswi SMK 2 Mei dalam penguasaan IoT, dosen-dosen Jurusan Teknik Elektro Universitas Lampung melakukan pengabdian untuk melatih siswa-siswi SMK 2 Mei IoT dengan surat tugas dari LPPM Universitas Lampung. Dengan melakukan pelatihan ini, siswa-siswi SMK 2 Mei semakin meningkat kemampuan dan kompetensi dalam menerapkan IoT dalam memantau dan mengendalikan perangkat elektronika dan elektrik. Pelatihan IoT telah dilaksanakan dengan para peserta yaitu siswa-siswi SMK 2 Mei Bandar Lampung. Siswa-siswi yang mengikuti program pelatihan ini memiliki kemampuan yang berbeda-beda. Dengan melakukan pelatihan ini, para peserta telah berhasil memahami materi tentang IoT dan juga dapat memonitor dan mengendalikan perangkat elektronika dan elektrik yang dibuat menggunakan IoT.
Pengembangan Wisata Edukasi Energi Baru dan Terbarukan di Sekolah Alam Lampung
Authors: Irsyad Muhammad , Tugiono Subuh , Harmen Harmen , Amrizal Amrizal , Martinus Martinus 
Published: November 2023

Sumber energi fosil Indonesia termasuk banyak, namun dengan eksplorasi yang terus meningkat, jumlah cadangan energi seperti minyak bumi dan gas alam terus berkurang. Indonesia juga memiliki potensi energi terbarukan yang berlimpah seperti: energi mataharri, energi biomassa, energi panas bumi, energi angin dan energi air laut. Pemanfaatan energi baru dan terbarukan ini juga didukung dengan kebijakan pemerintah yakni mencapai 23% pada tahun 2025. Perlu ada upaya mensosialisasikan penggunaan energi baru dan terbarukan kepada masyarakat. Edukasi tentang energi baru dan terbarukan ini sangat penting dan memberikan dampak yang baik apabila dilakukan kepada siswa dan mahasiswa, sehingga dapat melahirkan inovasi baru atau teknologi tepat guna dalam pemanfaatan energi baru dan terbarukan ini. Sekolah Alam Lampung dengan jenjang pendidikan mulai PAUD, TK, SD, SMP, sampai SMA memiliki ke khasan dalam pelaksanaan pendidikan yang membiasakan peserta didik berinteraksi dengan lingkungan, sehingga mereka terbiasa dengan fenomena alam, pemanfaagtan dan pemeliharaan alam. Model pendidikan ini sangat cocok untuk memasyaraktkan energi baru dan terbarukan kepada siswa, atau masyarakt luas. Program Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat dengan judul: Pengembangan Wisata Edukasi Energi Baru dan Terbarukan cocok dilakukan di Sekolah Alam Lampung ini. Dalam program ini akan dibuat miniatur pemanfaatan energi baru dan terbarukan seperti: energi air dengan turbin airnya, energi angin dengan turbin anginnya, energi matahari dengan sel surya/photovoltaic dan pemanas airnya. Untuk pembangkit-pembangkit ini akan dihasilkan energi listrik yang dapat menghidupkan lampu. Selain itu juga dilakukan pembekalan kepada siswa terkait dengan pemanfaatan energi baru dan terbarukan ini, sehingga setelah kegiatan ini berakhir mereka dapat menjadi guide/duta energi baru dan terbarukan yang akan menjelaskan dengan baik dan benar ke setiap pengunjung dan Sekolah Alam Lampung berkembang menjadi objek Wisata Edukasi Energi Baru dan Terbarukan. Pelatihan dan praktik yang dilakukan mampu memotivasi siswa Sekolah Alam Lampung menjelaskan secara baik dalam bentuk video yang diunggah di instagram.
Vaccination Rate for COVID-19 in a Primary Healthcare Center in Greece
Authors: Stamouli Marilena , Seitopoulou Christina , Kalliora Georgia , Renesi Nikoletta , Mourtzikou Antonia 
Published: November 2023

The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has been the contributing factor to the COVID-19 disease pandemic, since early 2020. It first appeared in December 2019 and since then rapidly spread worldwide. The severe symptoms of COVID-19 disease, especially in the population groups with higher risk of infection or disease complications, along with the increased mortality rates determined the need for adequate protection and prevention measures to be taken. From the beginning of the pandemic, efforts have been made to develop and produce vaccines that could stop the spread of the disease. The vaccination in most countries was performed in phases, with priority to population groups with a higher risk of infection or disease complications, such as the elderly and patients with chronic diseases, and to population groups with a high risk of professional exposure. This study presented data from the vaccination program, implemented at a primary healthcare center in Greece, that served as a vaccination center during the pandemic. Relying on the results, both the attendance rate and the vaccination rate were very high, which proves that the necessity of the vaccine is well established and that vaccination hesitancy is mitigated among the population served at the Nikea Health Center.
Principles of legal policy in the field of treatment of prisoners of war
Authors: Helemey Yu.M. 
Published: November 2023

This article analyzes the principles of legal policy in the field of treatment of prisoners of war. It is motivated that the actualization of the issue of the status of prisoners of war is due to the following circumstances: the presence of a state of war on the territory of Ukraine and an increase in the number of prisoners of war on both sides; the absence of a real mechanism to guarantee the proper treatment of prisoners of war, the weakness of international institutions in this area; normative legal acts were adopted after the Second World War in the conditions of the information society, globalization and changes in the life of society in all spheres, therefore a modern update of the norms and their clarification and the development of an effective policy in this area are necessary.
It was established that a significant breakthrough in the direction of humanizing social development was the adoption of norms of international law, in particular, those related to the rules of treatment of prisoners of war. Formally, there is a model for protecting and ensuring the humane situation of this group of participants in the armed conflict. However, it is necessary to state a significant, even colossal problem: the declarativeness of international obligations, the ineffectiveness of international institutions and the lack of real influence on the party that holds prisoners of war. In this context, we should talk about updating the international norms of international humanitarian law in general, as well as prisoners of war in particular.
The author points out the lack of a clear legal agreement on the concept of «prisoner of war» and the generally significant political nature of the issue.
Within the scope of the represented scientific research, the essential principles (main principles) of the legal policy of democratic states in the field of treatment of prisoners of war are defined. They are grouped into two categories - general (prohibition of ill-treatment, humane treatment, right to dignity, preservation of personal belongings and documents, right to contact with family and protection agencies, right to return home) and special (rehabilitation and special state support prisoners of war after returning from captivity; support for families of prisoners of war).
The genesis of international legal means of ensuring nuclear safety
Authors: Les I.O. 
Published: November 2023

The international legal framework for nuclear security consists of legal instruments and generally accepted principles designed to prevent, detect and respond to criminal and other unauthorized activities that involve or target nuclear or other radioactive material and related facilities or activities.
Joint adherence to these instruments and a unified national legal framework can make a significant contribution to the fight against nuclear terrorism.
Today, nuclear safety is considered the main condition for the use of nuclear energy. Over the years, this understanding has been legally guaranteed and confirmed by various decisions and resolutions of the IAEA Governing Council, the General Conference, the Security Council and the UN General Assembly.
However, the genesis of the international legal framework of nuclear safety was formed in a complex manner and in direct connection with historical events in the world, which is why it currently consists of various legally binding and non-binding international documents, which can sometimes be considered incomprehensible. The article attempts to shed light on the genesis of international legal means of ensuring nuclear safety, through a comprehensive review of legal instruments in the sphere of ensuring the peaceful use of nuclear materials. The article aims to deepen the knowledge and general understanding of the history and scope of the relevant legislation, including the relevant obligations undertaken by states and the relevant specific functions assigned to regulatory bodies and states. The work can be useful to legislators, government officials, technologists, lawyers, diplomats, mass media, general public and students of «international law» and «international relations» to increase awareness and understanding of changes in the international legal framework of nuclear safety.
Research on the genesis of nuclear law and safety can be useful for the creation and maintenance of national legislative and regulatory frameworks for nuclear safety. This publication brings together the main legally binding international documents and internationally recognized non-binding documents that form the international legal framework for nuclear safety.
Legal paradigm in the theory of law
Authors: Bykov O.M. 
Published: November 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of the legal paradigm and its cognitive possibilities in modern legal theory. The problem of paradigms, which became relevant thanks to the concept of Thomas Kuhn, does not stop bothering the scientific community. Of particular interest to study is the legal paradigm, the relevance of the study of which in our time can be seen in the fact that this legal construction allows solving the issue of applied significance.
State-legal transformations in our country caused changes in the methodology of scientific knowledge, prevailing legal ideals and values, the emergence of new theories of understanding law in the legal paradigm, which, in turn, determine the vector of development of legal science. The study of paradigmatic problems in the theory of law is also connected with the epistemological needs of legal science itself. The current state of domestic jurisprudence is characterized by multi- paradigmism, the presence of many competing theories, teachings, and schools.
The article examines the impact of general theoretical foundations of legal paradigms on law-making activity. The terms «paradigm», «legal paradigm», «paradigm of legal thinking» are clarified. The paradigmatic legal issues in the theory of the state and law have been studied. The study showed that the legal paradigm affects legal practice and determines the direction of legislation development. In turn, the possibilities of law enforcement practice for the legal paradigm consist in the use of law enforcement resources and experience. The evolution of the paradigm in the context of modern legal changes has indisputable theoretical and practical significance. The article reveals the place and role of the paradigm in modern scientific legal knowledge, traces the evolution of the «legal paradigm» category, reveals its relationship with other legal categories. Views on the relationship between the legal categories «law» and «law» in the context of the paradigmatic legal theory are outlined. Problematic issues that require thorough study in modern legal science are outlined.