bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Further lipophilic flavonols in Vellozia graminifolia (Velloziaceae) by high temperature gas chromatography: quick detection of new compounds
Authors: Branco Alexsandro , Pereira Alberto dos Santos , Cardoso Jari Nobrega , Neto Francisco Radler de Aquino , Pinto Angelo C. , Braz‐Filho Raimundo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFurther lipophilic flavonols present in Vellozia graminifolia have been determined by high temperature high resolution gas chromatography (HTHRGC) and by HTHRGC coupled to mass spectrometry (MS). These methods resulted in the detection, isolation and characterisation of a monoisoprenylated flavonol 3,5,4′‐trimethoxy‐3′‐hydroxy‐6,7‐(2″‐isopropenyldihydrofurano)flavone from the ethyl acetate extract of the whole plant. The structural elucidation was accomplished using spectral data, including two‐dimensional NMR, and on chemical transformations. Both HTHRGC and HTHRGC‐MS were shown to be alternative and extremely valuable methods for the quick screening of flavonoid aglycones and other chemical metabolites of the Velloziaceae. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Separation of bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids by micellar electrokinetic chromatography
Authors: Kuo Ching‐Hua , Sun Shao‐Wen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe micellar electrokinetic chromatographic (MEKC) separation of seven bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids has been developed. The effects of various separating factors were studied. Optimum separation was achieved using a buffer (pH 9.2) of 20 mM sodium borate and 20 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate buffer containing 55 mM sodium cholate; the optimum voltage and injection time were 21 kV and 0.05 min, respectively. Highest peak efficiency was obtained when the analytes were dissolved in 10 mM sodium dodecyl sulphate as sample matrix for injection. The elution order of the bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids was related to their lipophilicity. The resolution, run time and detection limits of the MEKC method were compared with those of an HPLC method developed previously. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detection of fetal cells in intrauterine lavage samples collected in the first trimester of pregnancy
Authors: Cioni Riccardo , Bussani Cecilia , Scarselli Benedetta , Barciulli Francesco , Bucciantini Sandra , Simi Paolo , Fogli Antonella , Scarselli Gianfranco 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the present study was first to evaluate the presence of fetal cells in transcervical cell (TCC) samples collected by intrauterine lavage in the first trimester of pregnancy, and then to compare different methods for the detection of these cells.MethodsTCC samples were collected by intrauterine lavage before termination of pregnancy (TOP) from 81 pregnant women between 7 and 12 weeks of gestation. Samples of placental tissue were collected from each patient at TOP, whereas maternal peripheral blood samples were obtained in 57 cases. DNA extracted from 81 lavage and the corresponding placental samples was amplified by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay using primers for SRY and HUMARA genes. All 81 lavage samples were also analysed by fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) using direct‐labelled probes for X chromosome alpha‐satellite (DXZ1, Xp11.1‐q11.1) and Y chromosome alpha‐satellite (DYZ3, Yp11.1‐q11.1) regions. In 57 cases, a quantitative fluorescent (QF) PCR assay, involving the use of two small tandem repeat (STR) markers (D21S11, D21S14.11) specific to chromosome 21 was employed to analyse DNA extracted from placental tissue, lavage and maternal blood samples.ResultsPCR analysis revealed that 40/81 placental samples were from male pregnancies. Correct sexing was achieved with the PCR technique in 30/40 (75%) lavage samples retrieved from pregnant women with male conceptuses and in all 41 (100%) samples collected from pregnancies with female fetuses. With the FISH analysis, nuclei bearing X and Y signals were observed in 32/40 cases (80%) from known male pregnancies, the rate of fetal cells ranging between 2% and 95%, whereas nuclei showing X and Y signals were not detected in any of the 41 lavage samples from known female pregnancies. Paternal peaks were present in 30/57 (52.6%) lavage samples tested by QF‐PCR.ConclusionThe results suggest that fetal cells can be found, at a significant rate, in a very high proportion of intrauterine lavage samples. Therefore, this sampling technique can be regarded as a promising tool towards minimally invasive prenatal diagnosis. The FISH and PCR methods showed a similar efficiency in detecting fetal cells. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid interphase analysis for prenatal diagnosis of translocation carriers using subtelomeric probes
Authors: Pettenati Mark J. , Von Kap‐Herr Chris , Jackle Bethy , Bobby Peggy , Mowrey Philip , Schwartz Stuart , Nagesh Rao P. , Rosnes Jon 
Published: August 2002

AbstractInterphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has become an accepted laboratory technique for the rapid and preliminary prenatal assessment of chromosome aneuploidy. The introduction of subtelomeric FISH probes now allows for the molecular–cytogenetic analysis of terminal chromosome rearrangements. In a prospective study, we examined the prenatal use of subtelomeric probes on interphase cells to rapidly detect the carrier status of a fetus when a parent carried a known reciprocal or Robertsonian chromosome translocation. Three of the cases were identified as being abnormal. All cases were confirmed by routine cytogenetic analysis. These findings clearly demonstrated the utility of this technique and these probes to rapidly and correctly identify balanced and unbalanced chromosome anomalies of a fetus that could result from parental translocations. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Klippel–Trenaunay–Weber (KTW) syndrome: the use of in utero magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a prospective diagnosis
Authors: Martin W. L. , Ismail K. M. K. , Brace V. , McPherson L. , Chapman S. , Kilby M. D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe diagnosis of the Klippel–Trenaunay–Weber (KTW) syndrome is rarely made antenatally. We report the use of both ultrasound and in utero magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the prenatal diagnosis of this syndrome. This is the first report of the use of prenatal MRI in the diagnosis of this condition. There was concordance in the findings of both modalities, with limb hypertrophy, and multiple haemangiomata – both subcutaneous and internally – demonstrated with ultrasound and MRI. The patient elected to terminate the pregnancy because of associated oligohydramnios and a small fetal chest noted at 20 weeks. The postmortem examination confirmed the antenatal diagnosis. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Attitudes towards diabetes and its care: Evaluation before, immediately post‐course and ≥1 year after a practical, international inter‐disciplinary course for diabetes teams.
Authors: Rossing Peter , Andersen Henning , Hesselholdt Lone , Thorsteinsson Birger , Reimers Jesper , Binder Christian , Nerup Jørn , Mandrup‐Poulsen Thomas 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe objective of the study was to evaluate differences in attitudes to diabetes and its management among diabetes health care professionals, and to evaluate whether these attitudes could be persistently modified by participation in courses in practical diabetology.The courses emphasize self‐care, inter‐disciplinary teamwork and applicability of acquired knowledge. Pre‐ and immediate post‐course evaluation as well as a ≥1 year post‐course follow‐up of attitudes to 12 general but central statements concerning diabetes and its management was performed for 144 participants (80 physicians, 52 nurses and 12 other team members) from 28 countries. Both pre‐ and post‐course attitudes to the statements varied considerably even among experienced diabetes professionals. In general, a shift in attitudes in the intended direction was observed at the immediate post‐course test. These changes were to a large extent maintained more than one year post‐course although a large variability persisted. We conclude that international and inter‐disciplinary education of health professionals is feasible and successful despite major linguistic and cultural barriers. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The challenge of pregnancy in the DIDMOAD syndrome
Authors: Gallagher A. , Hutchison R.S. , Kelly W.F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDIDMOAD syndrome includes diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy and deafness.Pregnancies in the DIDMOAD syndrome are rare, and successful pregnancies are extremely rare. Despite the full DIDMOAD syndrome including diabetes mellitus for 30 years, our patient had a successful pregnancy, delivering an infant weighing 1740 g at 32 weeks with an uncomplicated postnatal course. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proactive safety surveillance
Authors: Bortnichak Edward A. , Wise Robert P. , Salive Marcel E. , Tilson Hugh H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractGrowth in health information systems presents opportunities to enhance postmarketing safety surveillance of medical products. Spontaneous suspected side effect reports provide the foundation, but we need to ‘proactively’ improve their quality and our strategies to seek signals. In our more familiar ‘reactive’ mode, we examine hypotheses from inquiries or publicity. Such responsive evaluations remain essential but may miss latent information on unsuspected risks. Efficient techniques to disclose hidden clusters and associations may emerge through adaptation of approaches from industrial quality control and other disciplines. Data‐driven techniques like exploratory analysis, control charts, and time series modeling may help in sifting through accumulated data and in screening consecutive submissions to discern hints of new product hazards or of more specific understanding about previously identified potential side effects. We also need to cultivate non‐spontaneous data for hypothesis generation as well as testing, the systematic epidemiologic evaluation of questions and concerns. This hypothesis testing function will assume greater importance if proactive safety surveillance methods yield larger numbers of putatively positive findings. Whether from spontaneous reports or other sources, signals that could have arisen by chance alone usually represent only clues to potential hazards until or unless they can be verified through independent studies. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organizational context and taxonomy of health care databases
Authors: Shatin Deborah 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn understanding of the organizational context and taxonomy of health care databases is essential to appropriately use these data sources for research purposes. Characteristics of the organizational structure of the specific health care setting, including the model type, financial arrangement, and provider access, have implications for accessing and using this data effectively. Additionally, the benefit coverage environment may affect the utility of health care databases to address specific research questions. Coverage considerations that affect pharmacoepidemiologic research include eligibility, the nature of the pharmacy benefit, and regulatory aspects of the treatment under consideration. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ethical issues in pharmacoepidemiologic research using Saskatchewan administrative health care utilization data
Authors: Rawson Nigel S. B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPurposeTo describe the process of obtaining access to the administrative health care utilization data of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan and the ethical issues involved.MethodsThe report focuses on the process of obtaining data for two recent studies. In the first, associations between aplastic anemia and agranulocytosis and prior drug use were evaluated, while the second is an examination of anti‐arrhythmia drug utilization. In these studies, data from files containing computerized information on prescription drug use, hospitalizations, physician services and cancer registrations were linked together and also with information from hospital charts, physician records and death registrations.ResultsData on individual patients are available from the Saskatchewan datafiles after the removal of identifying variables, and access to external information from hospitals, physicians, death registrations and the patients themselves is possible. However, researchers must accept that data considered to be only indirectly relevant to the objectives of the study or which, due to small numbers, may potentially identify either patients or physicians will only be released in aggregate form.ConclusionsAccess to the Saskatchewan datafiles and to external information from hospitals, physicians and death registrations is normally straightforward. Restrictions that are applied are discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Systemic conditions for performance of pharmacoepidemiologic studies in Slovenia
Authors: Primozic Stanislav , Kos Mitja , Mrhar Ales , Ravnik Igor 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn Slovenia, the national health insurance system covers almost the whole population. The average patient receives six to seven prescriptions per year with an average value of 15 USD per prescription. This paper presents the systemic conditions necessary for the performance of pharmacoepidemiologic studies. A recent study addressing the use of antiepileptic drugs is an example. The current law on Personal Data Protection, which is compliant with EU Directive 95/46/EC, prevents infringement of personal integrity resulting from inappropriate use of personal data or inappropriate management and use of databases containing personal data. Since July 2000, the Law on Health Care Related Databases has defined the databases and the ways data can be acquired, processed, transferred, and exchanged among persons authorized to perform health care services. When gathering additional data not currently contained in the health care‐related databases defined by the law, written consent from participants is required, and study documentation must be submitted for approval to the national Medical Ethics Committee. The main legislation covering clinical and pharmacoepidemiologic research is the Medicinal Products and Medical Devices Act of 1999, together with its by‐laws, which is also in accordance with EU Directives. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photovoltaic residential electrification: a case study on solar battery charging stations in Brazil
Authors: dos Santos Rosana Rodrigues , Zilles Roberto 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSolar battery charging stations (SBCSs) were initially conceived to bring the price per household of electrification within the capacity to pay of the rural poor, and to foster the establishment of community businesses supplying the modest electricity demands of end users far from the grid in an entrepreneur‐based electrification model. The great foreseen advantages of SBCS were security of payment for the electricity service and operation under much higher system final yields and capacity factors. However, an analysis of the annual costs of SBCSs indicates that they are in reality more expensive alternative than solar home systems (SHSs) owing to the shorter lifetime of batteries. Moreover, battery transport for recharging and lower energy capacity, among other drawbacks, make users opt for the added convenience of a SHS. A financial analysis of a general case study is presented, with SBCS and SHS designed to offer equal electricity services. The local field experience is that after one and a half years SBCSs were replaced by SHSs. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antisocial behavior and the prediction of violence: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Derzon James H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractYouthful antisocial behavior is often viewed as a precursor to later violent and threatening behavior. Olweus (1979) reported aggressive reaction patterns in males that over time approached the stability of intelligence. While Olweus did not examine violent behavior directly, his study is often cited as evidence for the stability of violence. To examine the evidence for this assertion, this study synthesized the evidence from 82 reports of 58 prospective studies that followed individuals over some period of their life span. After correcting effect sizes for exogenous study features, the grand mean correlation of antisocial and substance misusing behaviors with later crimes against persons was estimated to be r = .33, a far cry from the stability of intelligence. Because these predictors are often used to select people into intervention, this study estimated the conditional error rates associated with identification for preventive intervention. Overall, selection failed to identify 66% of those who displayed later violence, while on average, 60% of those engaging in antisocial or substance‐using behavior were not later violent. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A structure–reactivity correlation with three slopes in the elimination kinetics of 2–substituted ethyl N,N‐dimethylcarbamates in the gas phase
Authors: Chuchani Gabriel , Nunñez Oswaldo , Marcano Norka , Napolitano Suvighey , Rodriguez Henry , Domínguez Marianella , Ascanio Judany , Rotinov Alexandra , Domínguez Rosa M. , Herize Armando 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe elimination kinetics of 17 2‐substituted ethyl N,N‐dimethylcarbamates in the gas phase were determined in the temperature range of 269.5–420.2 °C and the pressure range of 24–186 Torr. The reactions in a static system and in the presence of a free radical inhibitor are homogeneous and unimolecular and follow a first‐order rate law. The kinetics and thermodynamic parameters are described. The use of several structure‐reactivity relationship methods meaningless results, except for Taft σ* values. Three good slopes are originated at σ*(CH3) = 0.00. Slope a: the 2‐substituted alkyl groups gave a good straight line when log (k/kCH3) vs σ* values (ρ* = − 1.94 ± 0.30, r = 0.977 at 360 °C) were plotted. Slope b: Polar2 substituents gave an approximate straight line with ρ* = − 0.12 ± 0.02, r = 0.936 at 360 °C. Slope c : the correlation of multiple bonded and electron‐withdrawing substituents interposed by a methylene group at the 2‐position of ethyl N,N‐dimethylcarbamate was found to give a very good straight line wirh ρ* = 0.49 ± 0.02, r = 0.991 at 360 °C. Mechanisms are suggested on the basis of these relationships. The point position of the substituents phenyl (C6H5) and isopropenyl [CH2C(CH3)] at the 2‐position was found to fall far above the three slopes of the lines. These results are interpreted in terms of neighboring group participation of these substituents in the elimination process of the carbamates. However, the acidity of the benzylic and allylic Cβ‐H bond for a six‐membered cyclic transition state may not be ignored. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of solvent on the inversion of pyramidal sulfonium and selenonium compounds
Authors: Wiegrefe Andreas , Brinkmann Thomas , Uzar Horst C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe effects of temperature and solvent on the cis–trans equilibrium and isomerization rates of different cyclic sulfonium and selenonium compounds were investigated by 1H NMR spectroscopy. A non‐dissociative process was considered to be the most probable mechanism for inversion of configuration. While the temperature had no apparent effect on the equilibrium, in which the trans‐diastereoisomer dominated in all cases, changing the solvent from dimethylformamide to acetonitrile and to water led to increasing amounts of the cis‐diastereoisomer. Additionally, the rate of stereomutation of the thiolanium compound was slowed by a factor of 2 and that of the selenolanium compound by a factor of 85. While the pyramidal (vertex) inversion is the most probable mechanism for the sulfonium compounds investigated, some evidence is presented that indicates that the selenonium compound could isomerize via an edge inversion mechanism. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kinetics and mechanisms of the acid‐catalyzed hydrolyses of N‐(4‐Substitued‐arylsulf inyl)phthalimides
Authors: Kutuk Halil , Bekdemir Yunus , Soydas Yasemin 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe acid‐catalyzed hydrolyses of N‐(4‐substituted‐arylsulf inyl)phthalimides were studied in aqueous solutions of perchloric and sulfuric acids at 50.0 ± 0.1 and of hydrochloric acid at 40.0 ± 0.1 °C. Analysis of the data by the Cox–Yates excess acidity method and substituent, temperature and solvent isotope effects indicate hydrolysis by an A2 mechanism at low acidity. At higher acidities a changeover to an A1 mechanism is observed. Copyright­© 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solid‐state bilayer formation from a dialkyl‐substituted lariat ether that forms stable vesicles in aqueous suspension
Authors: Wall Stephen L. De , Barbour Leonard J. , Gokel George W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPreviously established aggregate formation by alkyl‐substituted crown ethers is considered with respect to the solid state structure of N,N′‐didodecyldiaza‐18‐crown‐6 (7), which was determined as its NaI complex (7ċNaIċH2O). The complex forms a bilayer structure that was used as a benchmark for understanding the formation of aggregates and their inclusion volumes. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A theoretical study on the inclusion complexation of cyclodextrins with radical cations and anions
Authors: Mu Ting‐Wei , Liu Lei , Li Xiao‐Song , Guo Qing‐Xiang 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPM3 and B3LYP/3‐21G(d) calculations were performed on the inclusion complexation of cyclodextrins (CD) with radical ions. The calculations reproduced the experimental observations that the complexation of α‐CD with 1,4‐dicyanobenzene was weaker than with its radical anion, and that the complexation of β‐CD with phenothiazine was weaker than with its radical cation. On the other hand, calculations showed that the complexation of α‐CD with p‐nitrophenolate was stronger than with its radical anion and the complexation of β‐CD with viologen was stronger than with its radical cation. The different magnitudes of the interactions between the charged species and CD or water were proposed to cause such behaviors. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New solvents for cellulose: Hydrazine/thiocyanate salt system
Authors: Hattori Kazuyuki , Cuculo John A. , Hudson Samuel M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe hydrazine/thiocyanate system was found to be an excellent solvent for cellulose. The solubility and solution properties were investigated. Even at room temperature, the combinations of hydrazine and lithium, sodium, and potassium thiocyanate had high dissolution power for cellulose, up to an 18% (w/w) maximum, unrelated to the polymorph, whereas a combination with ammonium thiocyanate exhibited a solubility difference among celluloses I, II, and III. The effect of the temperature cycling of the system for the rapid dissolution of cellulose was investigated thermodynamically. In these systems, a high concentration of salts was necessary to effect the cellulose dissolution; this suggested that an undissociated salt–solvent complex played an important role in the cellulose dissolution as implied by electroconductivity measurements of the hydrazine/salt system. Gel and liquid‐crystal formation was observed in all systems above 4 and 6% (w/w) cellulose concentrations, respectively. The values of both critical concentrations were quite similar to those observed in the ammonia/ammonium thiocyanate system studied earlier in our laboratories. The gelation temperature was between approximately 10 and 50 °C, depending on the salt and cellulose concentration. The dependence of the cellulose solubility on the degree of polymerization was also examined. It is suggested that these solvent systems have great potential for the fiber and film formation of cellulose. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 601–611, 2002; DOI 10.1002/pola.10135