bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanocomposite Hard Coatings: Deposition Issues and Validation of their Mechanical Properties
Authors: Schwaller P. , Haug F.‐J. , Michler J. , Patscheider J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe limitations of conventional coatings due to inferior hardness or poor oxidation stability can be overcome by nanocomposite hard coatings such as nc‐TiN/a‐SiNx, which consists of nanocrystalline TiN and a non‐crystalline tissue phase of SiNx which are mutually immiscible. The properties of nanocomposite coatings, especially their increased hardness, can be explained by their nanostructure, which leads to a maximum hardness at typically 80 atomic percent of the crystalline phase. We show that enhanced hardness can only be attained when the silicon nitride phase is sufficiently nitrided. The accurate and reliable measurement of the hardness and elastic modulus requires the use of appropriate nanoindentation equipment and a careful tip correction with periodical validation. It is shown that for a correct hardness determination of a few microns thick nanocomposite coatings, an indentation depth of 100 nm is sufficient. The maximum hardness of our nc‐TiN/a‐SiNx coatings deposited by a hybrid UBM/arc‐PVD process is about 40 GPa. This value represents a global hardness value, due to the nanocomposite structure there may be a local hardness variation of about ±10 %.
Induction Plasma Synthesis of Carbide Nano‐Powders
Authors: Leparoux M. , Schreuders C. , Shin J.‐W. , Siegmann S. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThis paper presents a short overview of the high flexibility and potential of inductively coupled thermal plasmas for the synthesis of nanoparticles and especially high refractory carbide nanopowders. The high energy and temperature of theses plasmas enable the evaporation of all materials allowing the use of solid precursors that are cheap and commercially available. By controlling the temperature history of each particle, the growth mechanisms can be stopped at the requested particle size. Therefore in‐situ monitoring and process modelling are proved to be powerful tools.
Cross Section Investigations of Compositions and Sub‐Structures of Tips Obtained by Focused Electron Beam Induced Deposition
Authors: Utke I. , Michler J. , Gasser Ph. , Santschi C. , Laub D. , Cantoni M. , Buffat P.th A. , Jiao C. , Hoffmann P. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe spatial evolution of compositions and sub‐structures inside focused‐electron‐beam‐deposited tips from dicobalt‐octacarbonyl Co2(CO)8 precursor at 25 keV and varying beam current (20 pA – 3 μA) is extensively studied for the first time by means of energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, back‐scattered electron imaging, and ion‐induced secondary electron imaging. Transverse and longitudinal tip cross sections and lamellae were prepared by focused ion beam milling. Two sub‐structure types can be distinguished: a nano‐composite sub‐structure is grown during the initial deposition stage (small‐aspect‐ratio tips). It consists of cobalt nano‐crystals embedded in a carbonaceous matrix. A second distinct cobalt‐grain‐rich sub‐structure develops in high‐aspect ratio tips. Both sub‐structures vary in appearance and composition with increasing beam current: the initial nano‐composite sub‐structure increases in cobalt content and nano‐crystal size, and the cobalt‐grain sub‐structure develops polycrystal‐, texture‐, whisker‐, or platelet‐like habits. The directed precursor flux from a micro‐tube prevents a radial symmetry of the sub‐structures with respect to the impinging focused electron beam, at medium to high beam current. Homogeneous nano‐composite high‐resolution tips with small diameter and length were obtained at low beam current. Observations suggest an additional contribution to pure electron induced precursor molecule decomposition. The influence of electron beam heating and related chemical reactions is discussed.
Phase Change Materials for the Improvement of Heat Protection
Authors: Rossi R. M. , Bolli W. P. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe use of phase change materials (PCM) that absorb and store heat by an aggregate state change for applications in fire fighters' protective clothing was studied. PCM can help improve the heat protection of the clothing combination, and thus contribute to a reduction of the weight of the equipment and an improvement of the wearing comfort. It was found that PCM have a positive effect on heat protection, but the efficiency of the heat absorption depends on the location of the PCM layer and the incident heat intensity. Furthermore, as the PCM used was made of paraffin, its burning behavior has to be improved for a commercial use in fire fighters' protective clothing.
Microelectrochemical Studies of Pit Initiation on High Purity and Ultra High Purity Aluminum
Authors: Suter T. , Müller Y. , Schmutz P. , von Trzebiatowski O. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe onset of pitting on high purity and ultra high purity aluminum has been studied in the micrometer range by using a microelectrochemical cell in order to evaluate influences that induce localized corrosion. Microelectrochemical tests on polished samples of Al 99.999 and Al 99.9999 in 1 M NaCl showed that pitting at large areas occurred at several hundreds mV more negative than at small areas, suggesting that even very pure Al contains weak points. On rough surfaces weak points are more “activated” than on smooth surfaces. Locally measured pitting potentials of polished samples were shifted to more positive values than those measured on ground samples. Larger areas contain always small scratches, even on polished samples. Hence, the surface roughness showed a minor influence on the onset of pitting on larger areas. Microelectrochemical measurements performed on pure Al 99.99 with small amounts of copper showed that a copper content below 30 ppm is too small to have a beneficial or detrimental effect, whereas a copper content above 300 ppm probably leads to the formation of small inclusions or precipitations that acted as preferential corrosion initiation sites. A copper content around 100 ppm showed a beneficial effect on very small areas but not on larger ones.
Ceramic Materials for Advanced Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Holtappels P. , Vogt U. , Graule T. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSolid oxide fuel cells are ceramic fuel cells that convert chemical into electrical energy at temperatures between 650 °C and 1000 °C. Today, this type of fuel cell is receiving ever‐increasing attention due to its principle capability to provide electricity from both fossil and renewable fuel sources. Systems are currently under development for a variety of applications, including small and large‐scale stationary combined heat and power systems, and power generation systems in the automotive area. Materials involved in advanced SOFC cells and their fabrication techniques are described in this contribution. The trends to enable lowering of the SOFC operating temperatures to around 800 °C and the resulting materials, as well as concept‐related solutions, are addressed in particular.
Investigation of the Exchange Bias Effect by Quantitative Magnetic Force Microscopy
Authors: Kappenberger P. , Schmid I. , Hug H. J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractMagnetic force microscopy (MFM) measurements were performed on an exchange‐biased CoO/(Co/Pt) multilayer sample at 8.0 K. Applying an external magnetic field of up to 7.0 T saturates the ferromagnetic layer and the remaining uncompensated antiferromagnetic spins at the antiferromagnet/ferromagnet interfaces are imaged with high lateral resolution. The coupling between the uncompensated spins and the spins in the ferromagnet are found to be antiferromagnetic. In addition, a method to quantitatively analyze the MFM data is presented which allows the determination of the uncompensated spin density at the AF/FM interfaces. It was found that 7% of the spins at the interfaces are uncompensated and contribute to the exchange biasing.
Nanotechnology: An Approach to Mimic Natural Architectures and Concepts
Authors: Gröning P. A. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWith the invention of the Scanning Tunnelling Microscope (STM) in 1981 by G. Binnig and H. Rohrer, the gate to the nanoworld was pushed open. The prospect to control matter and units on molecular and atomic level, inspired many scientists to think about new technological approaches – nanotechnology in the sense of Richard Phillips Feynman became reality. Thus, nanotechnology is not only the next step of the miniaturisation following microtechnology – nanotechnology is an approach to investigate natural architectures and to mimic them for technological problems. In the present article we try to show that nanotechnology is an evolutionary process of our technological society with the potential to solve everyday problems with revolutionary concepts and devices.
Variant lymphoproliferative disorder of granular lymphocytes (LDGL) following Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Jenkins Brian Douglas , Snower Daniel , Mohamed Anwar , Al‐Katib Ayad 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA 41‐year‐old Caucasian female was diagnosed with a CD3+ CD4+ CD8+ variant of lymphoproliferative disorder of granular lymphocytes (LDGL) in the third year of remission following treatment of stage III‐B Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). The patient was asymptomatic at diagnosis, without clinical evidence of immune disorder or recurrence of HL. Diagnosis was made incidentally, secondary to lymphocytosis discovered on a routine follow‐up post HL therapy. Clonal chromosomal abnormalities were seen in 20% of peripheral blood lymphocytes with a karyotype 46, XX, t(2;6;2;11) (p13;q23;q24;q23). The breakpoint on 11q23 is distal to the MLL gene as shown by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of variant LDGL in association with HL treatment with documented clonal chromosomal abnormalities. Am. J. Hematol. 79:128–131, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lymphocytic pneumonitis as the manifestation of acute graft‐versus‐host disease of the lung
Authors: Bolaños‐Meade Javier , Ioffe Olga , Hey Jamie C. , Vogelsang Georgia B. , Akpek Görgün 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAcute graft‐versus‐host disease is a common complication after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. It normally affects the skin, liver, and gut. We report a 54‐year‐old male who developed shortness of breath, cough, and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates in which the work‐up failed to demonstrate an infectious etiology 165 days post‐HLA‐matched allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplant. Eighteen days before, his tacrolimus had been tapered and it was subtherapeutic on admission. A transbronchial biopsy showed a perivascular and interstitial lymphocytic infiltrate without evident pathogens on histology or extensive work‐up. The clinical picture was suggestive of pulmonary acute graft‐versus‐host disease. No disease was present elsewhere. Accordingly, the patient was treated with steroids and tacrolimus. After 12 hr on methylprednisolone, his symptoms disappeared with eventual resolution radiologically. Acute graft‐versus‐host disease of the lung is a very uncommon complication after stem cell transplant, but it should be considered in patients who are at high risk for graft‐versus‐host disease or developing symptoms soon after discontinuing immunosuppression. Its diagnosis requires work‐up to rule out an infectious etiology and a biopsy to confirm histology. Am. J. Hematol. 79:132–135, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Therapy‐related myelodysplastic syndrome with monosomy 5 after successful treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (M2)
Authors: Ogasawara Toshie , Yasuyama Masako , Kawauchi Kiyotaka 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe describe a patient who developed myelodysplastic syndrome over 2 years after achieving complete remission of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The patient was treated in July 1998 with anthracycline, etoposide, and behenoyl cytarabine chemotherapy for AML (French‐American‐British classification, M2; World Health Organization classification, AML with maturation) and achieved complete remission. At presentation, no chromosomal abnormalities were detected. In December 2000, the patient's peripheral blood revealed pancytopenia, and his bone marrow was hypocellular with trilineage myelodysplasia and no blasts. Chromosomal analysis revealed complex karyotypic abnormalities, including monosomy 5. The patient was diagnosed with high‐grade myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)/refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB) subtype. The pancytopenia progressed rapidly, and he died 2 months after the diagnosis of MDS. Therapy‐related MDS and AML (t‐MDS/t‐AML) developing after treatment for acute leukemia is unusual; the primary leukemia associated with most cases of t‐MDS/t‐AML is acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). This unusual case suggests that AML excluding APL should be considered a primary hematologic malignancy for t‐MDS/t‐AML. Am. J. Hematol. 79:136–141, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Leukemic relapse in the central nervous system after allogeneic stem cell transplantation with complete remission in the bone marrow and donor‐type chimerism: Report of two cases
Authors: Ohashi Haruhiko , Kato Chiaki , Fukami Shoko , Saito Hidehiko , Hamaguchi Motohiro 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe studied two cases with leukemia that relapsed in the central nervous system (CNS) after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. One patient underwent peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (SCT) from a related, yet haplotype‐mismatched, donor for chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. She was kept in complete remission (CR) in the bone marrow (BM) for 7 months, until relapse in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was evident. In the other patient, with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, systemic relapse occurred when he was still on immunosuppression 6 months after SCT from an unrelated donor. After induction chemotherapy following cessation of immunosuppression, the BM examination proved CR. During consolidation chemotherapy, however, he developed leukemic dissemination in the CSF, despite the fact that the BM was in CR. Chimerism status in the BM mononuclear cells and fractionated peripheral blood (PB) cells (granulocytes, T‐lymphocytes, and the others) was assessed by short tandem repeat analysis. In both patients, the BM cells and all the fractions of the PB cells proved donor‐type chimeras. These results seem to suggest that the graft‐versus‐leukemia effects might not be as effective in the CNS as in the BM, even when complete T‐lymphoid chimerism is achieved. Am. J. Hematol. 79:142–146, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human parvovirus B19 in patients with aplastic anemia
Authors: Mishra Baijayantimala , Malhotra Pankaj , Ratho Radha Kanta , Singh Mini P. , Varma Subhash , Varma Neelam 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAplastic anemia is characterized by pancytopenia with hypoplastic bone marrow. Various factors including viral infections have been implicated as the precipitating factors. Human parvovirus B19 has been associated with red‐cell aplasia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. The present study was carried out to determine the role of parvovirus B19 in aplastic anemia patients. Twenty‐seven aplastic anemia patients and 20 healthy controls were tested for the presence of parvovirus B19 infection by detecting parvovirus B19‐specific IgM by ELISA and viral DNA by PCR. Parvovirus B19 IgM and viral DNA were detected in significantly higher numbers of patients in comparison to the controls (40.7% vs. 5%, P < 0.01; 37% vs. 0%, P < 0.001, respectively). The presence of parvovirus DNA in aplastic anemia patients indicates active or recent infection. However, more studies are needed to explore the mechanism of bone‐marrow aplasia due to human parvovirus B19 infection. Am. J. Hematol. 79:166–167, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Survival role of protein kinase C (PKC) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and determination of isoform expression pattern and genes altered by PKC inhibition
Authors: Alkan Serhan , Huang Qin , Ergin Melek , Denning Mitchell F. , Nand Sucha , Maududi Tazeen , Paner Gladell P. , Ozpuyan Fulya , Izban Keith F. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractRecent studies have suggested that protein kinase C (PKC) activation plays an important role in survival of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). In order to characterize the role of PKC in CLL, we investigated the expression pattern of PKC isoforms in CLL cells (7 cases) and evaluated the effect of PKC inhibition on the survival of CLL cells (20 cases). Expression of the classical PKC isoforms β and γ, the novel isoform δ and the atypical isoform ζ was seen in all analyzed patient samples by Western blot analysis. Expression of the PKC isoforms α, ε, and ι was variable. Following incubation with the PKC inhibitor, safingol, CLL cells underwent marked apoptosis in all cases. In order to characterize the molecular events associated with the apoptotic effect of PKC inhibition, gene expression patterns in CLL cells were evaluated by cDNA‐microarray analysis. Following safingol treatment, several genes showed marked downregulation and PKC‐related proteins demonstrated decreased hybridization signals. Among these proteins, CREB and Daxx were further studied by using Western blotting, nuclear binding assay and confocal immunofluorescent microscopy. These studies showed significant inhibition of these proteins, consistent with the results of microarray gene analysis. Overall, these findings suggest that PKC activation is important for CLL cell survival and that inhibitors of PKC may have a role in the treatment of patients with CLL. Am. J. Hematol. 79:97–106, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hydroxyurea therapy for sickle cell disease in community‐based practices: A survey of Florida and North Carolina hematologists/oncologists
Authors: Zumberg Marc S. , Reddy Suresh , Boyette Robert L. , Schwartz Robert J. , Konrad Thomas R. , Lottenberg Richard 
Published: May 2005

AbstractLittle is known about patterns of hydroxyurea (HU) use by community‐based hematologist/oncologists (H/Os) for the treatment of sickle cell disease (SCD). Determination of these practice patterns pertaining to adult SCD patients was the focus of this study. A self‐administered survey was mailed to H/Os in two southeastern states. Replies were received from 70% of eligible physicians. This study focuses on responses from 184 community H/Os and a comparison group of 30 university‐based/affiliated H/Os providing ongoing care for at least 3 SCD patients/month. The majority of community H/O respondents saw less than 3 SCD patients/month. HU was prescribed by more than half (55%) of community H/Os in at least 10% of their patients. The most common reasons cited for prescribing HU include frequent painful crises (76%), chronic pain with frequent narcotic use (58%), and acute chest syndrome (43%). Although the majority of community H/Os care for few patients with SCD, the reported indications for HU were consistent with currently accepted recommendations. However, community H/Os reported acute chest syndrome, stroke, and pulmonary hypertension as indications for HU less often than the academic H/O group. Barriers to wider use of HU include physician concerns about carcinogenic potential, doubts about HU effectiveness, perceived patient apprehension about adverse effects, concern about lack of contraceptive use, and patient compliance. Further resources should focus on updating physicians on recently published material supporting the effectiveness of HU in symptomatic SCD as well as providing management guidelines to optimize the use of HU. Am. J. Hematol. 79:107–113, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Durable molecular remissions with a single cycle of timed sequential consolidation chemotherapy in acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: Gore Steven D. , Smith B. Douglas , Gojo Ivana , Grever Michael , Kaufmann Scott H. , Letendre Louis , Leonard Debra G.B. , Marcucci Guido , Miller Carole B. , Morris Lawrence , Piantadosi Steven , Prior Thomas , Stock Wendy , Karp Judith E. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractIn a pilot study to reduce the duration of treatment and potential long‐term toxicities, 39 patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia in remission received a single cycle of intensive consolidation therapy, followed by intermittent ATRA maintenance. Consolidation therapy required prolonged hospitalization and was associated with a high incidence of mucositis (43% grade II or greater) and documented infection (45%). No deaths occurred during consolidation. Seven patients have relapsed; all other patients are in molecular remission (median follow‐up, 2.75 years). Kaplan–Meier estimate of 3 year disease‐free survival is 73% (95% confidence interval 55–91%). The relapse rate (0.06 relapses/patient‐year of follow‐up) is well within the range of larger published series that administer more prolonged consolidation. One patient has developed secondary myelodysplastic syndrome. These pilot data suggest that decreasing the total duration of consolidation chemotherapy did not compromise disease‐free survival for APL patients induced with ATRA/anthracycline and given intermittent ATRA maintenance. However, the toxicity of the consolidation module and the development of secondary myelodysplasia despite decreased total therapy emphasize the need to further improve and refine curative therapy for APL. Am. J. Hematol. 79:119–127, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ethnicity variables in the incidence rates of leukemias in New Zealand populations: Implications for stem‐cell transplantation
Authors: Tracey Mary Clare , Carter John M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractNew Zealand has a population of 4 million people comprising four main ethnic groups: Caucasian (72.9%), New Zealand Maori (14.7%), New Zealand Pacific Islands people (5.6%), and Asians (6.3%). We examined 10 years of data (1993–2002) from the New Zealand Cancer Registry to determine if there are ethnic differences in leukemia incidence in New Zealand, and we relate this to availability of stem‐cell transplantation. We found that New Zealand Asians have a generally lower incidence of all leukemias investigated. New Zealand Maori have an increased risk of acute myeloid leukemia (RR 1.5 in the age group 25–49 and RR 1.31 in the age group 50–74), relative to New Zealand Caucasians. New Zealand Pacific Islanders have an increased risk of chronic myeloid leukemia (RR 2.13 in the age group 25–49 and RR 1.52 in the age group 50–74). Stem‐cell transplantation is a standard curative treatment for ages 25–49, and current opinion is extending the acceptable age up to age 60, in certain cases. We conclude that, among New Zealand Maori and New Zealand Pacific Islanders, there is an increased risk of acute myeloid leukemia and chronic myeloid leukemia in age groups suitable for stem‐cell transplantation. However, both of these ethnic groups have previously been shown to have a reduced chance of finding a 6/6‐matched unrelated donor on international registries. This leads to disproportionate provision of transplantation health care among the ethnic groups in New Zealand. Am. J. Hematol. 79:114–118, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.