bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisando los tipos de estuarios de la costa de Veracruz
Authors: Chávez-López Rafael 
Published: January 2024

Seguramente en tus viajes por las costas de nuestro país has observado numerosos ríos que se encuentran con el mar; estas zonas acuáticas se conocen como estuarios, en estos se combinan las aguas dulces del continente con el agua salada del mar, lo que hace que estas zonas de transición acuática sean peculiares, porque ni son cuerpos de agua dulce y tampoco son marinos.

Esta cualidad hidrológica condiciona a las plantas y a los animales que los ocupan, pues debe ser fisiológicamente capaces de tolerar cambios a veces muy rápidos de la concentración de sales en el agua, por ejemplo, en los estuarios mexicanos es común encontrar a los manglares que son un ejemplo claro de vegetación “estuarina”, porque toleran esta variación salina a través de órganos y procesos fisiológicos especializados
Software educativo en la supervisión de la Química Inorgánica II
Authors: Rodrigues Antônio Rony da Silva Pereira 
Published: January 2024

Se dice que la Química es una ciencia abstracta, y para demostrar sus conceptos es necesario usar esquemas y representaciones, y todavía es considerada difícil de entender por muchos estudiantes. Debido a esto, el uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC), es una alternativa a la enseñanza de la Química, al llevar mecanismos de interacción al aula. En este contexto, el presente estudio buscó evaluar la funcionalidad de dos programas informáticos educativos en la enseñanza de Química Inorgánica II, dentro del Programa de Supervisión Académico de la Universidad Estatal de Ceará, Brasil. El estudio se llevó a cabo durante 10 meses (marzo - diciembre), con 2 grupos, se utilizó el software PhET y MolView, y se aplicaron pre-test, test y cuestionarios, que sirvieron como fuente de recolección de datos, con el fin de evaluar la viabilidad del software frente a los conceptos de Química Inorgánica II. Cuando ambos grupos utilizaron el software, se notó que la tasa de éxito de ambos grupos se volvió satisfactoria, y los estudiantes describieron que el software ayudó a comprender la Química Inorgánica II y que continuaron aplicando la tecnología a otras disciplinas.
PERBEDAAN PENGARUH CONTINUOUS RUNNING DAN HIGH INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING TERHADAP PENINGKATAN CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS PADA SISWA SMAN 83 JAKARTA DENGAN AKTIVITAS FISIK RENDAH
Authors: Nasirudin Yusuf , Humaira Inayah , Abida Liza Laela 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRAK
Pendahuluan: Aktivitas fisik merupakan setiap gerakan yang dihasilkan oleh otot rangka serta memerlukan pengeluaran energi. Aktivitas fisik rendah akan mengakibatkan cardiorespiratory fitness yang buruk sehingga mudah lelah saat menjalankan aktivitas. Aktivitas fisik yang rendah yaitu ketidakmampuan seseorang untuk memenuhi pedoman aktivitas fisik perminggu. Cardiorespiratory fitness adalah kemampuan tubuh melakukan tugas dan pekerjaan sehari hari tanpa mengalami kelelahan yang berarti. Cardiorespiratoy Fitness dapat berperan dalam menunjang prestasi siswa di sekolah. Latihan yang dapat meningkatkan Cardiorespiratory fitness adalah Continuous running dan High intensity interval training. Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat quasi eksperimental dengan pendekatan two group pre dan post test. Sampel terdiri dari 21 orang siswa di SMAN 83 Jakarta yang dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil: Uji statistik dengan menggunakan program SPSS pada uji Paired sample t-test pada kelompok continuous running dengan p value sebesar 0,001 yang dimana p<0,05 dan pada kelompok High intensity interval training dengan p value sebesar 0,000 yang dimana p<0,05. Hasil uji Independent sample t-test diperoleh nilai p value sebesar 0,011 yang dimana p<0,05. Simpulan: Terdapat perbedaan pengaruh continuous running dan high intensity interval training terhadap cardiorespiratory fitness dimana high intensity interval training lebih dapat meningkatkan cardiorespiratory fitness pada siswa SMAN 83 Jakarta dengan aktivitas fisik rendah.
Quantitative morphologic study of the pituitary and thyroid glands of dogs administered l-thyroxine
Authors: Panciera David L. , Atkins Clarke E. , Bosu William T. K. , MacEwen E. Gregory 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
To determine the effects of long-term thyroxine treatment, histomorphometric analysis was performed on the pituitary and thyroid glands of healthy dogs, dogs treated for 9 weeks with a replacement dose of l-thyroxine, and dogs at 6 weeks after cessation of thyroxine treatment. In treated dogs, the volume density of thyrotropes decreased during thyroxine treatment and increased 6 weeks after cessation of treatment, compared with thyrotropes of healthy nontreated dogs. The activity of the thyroid gland was decreased in dogs during thyroxine treatment, as evidenced by decreases in epithelial volume density, epithelial height, and follicular area, and increase in colloid volume density, compared with thyroid gland activity in nontreated dogs. After cessation of thyroxine treatment, the thyroid gland had decreased colloid area, follicular area, and epithelial volume density, and increased interstitial volume density, compared with the thyroid gland of healthy nontreated dogs. Thyroxine treatment resulted in suppression of pituitary thyrotropes and thyroid follicular activity.
Orally administered clonidine as a secretagogue of growth hormone and as a thymotrophic agent in dogs of various ages
Authors: Morrison Wallace B. , Goff Belinda Lawler , Stewart-Brown Barbara , Incefy Genevieve S. , Arp Lawrence H. , Roth James A. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
The growth hormone (gh) secretagogue activity of variable dosages of clonidine (16.5, 50, 150, and 450 μg/kg of body weight), given orally mixed with the daily food ration, was evaluated in young and old dogs. Significant (P < 0.05) increase in plasma gh concentration was detected at all dosages tested in young dogs and in response to all but the lowest dose tested in the old dogs fed the clonidine-containing diet. Old dogs had plasma gh concentration that exceeded that of young dogs when higher doses of clonidine were used.
A clonidine (100 μg/kg)-supplemented diet was fed to middle-aged dogs twice daily for 30 days. Significant (P < 0.01) increase of plasma gh concentration was observed on the first day of the feeding trial, but was undetectable by day 30. After feeding the clonidine-enhanced diet for 30 days, the effects on thymic morphology were variable, and there was no effect on plasma thymulin titer. Clonidine-fed dogs had significantly increased lymphocyte blastogenic responsiveness to mitogens, compared with that of control dogs, when evaluated as stimulation index.
Relative effects of xylazine-atropine, xylazine-atropineketamine, and xylazine-atropine-pentobarbital combinations and time-course effects of the latter two combinations on brain stem auditory-evoked potentials in dogs
Authors: Tokuriki Mikihiko , Matsunami Kenji , Uzuka Yuji 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Brain stem auditory-evoked potentials (baep) were recorded in 4 dogs to analyze the relationship between acoustic stimulus intensities and peak latencies of each wave, and to investigate the relative effects of xylazineatropine, xylazine-atropine-ketamine, and xylazine-atropine-pentobarbital combinations and the time-course effects of the latter 2 drug combinations on baep. Click stimulations fixed at a stimulus rate of 10/s and a frequency of 4 kHz were delivered at intensities ranging from 10- to 110-dB sound pressure level (spl) in 10-dB steps for analyzing the relationship between the acoustic stimulus intensities and the peak latencies and at an intensity of 110-dB spl. for investigating the effects of the sedative and anesthetic drug combinations and their timecourse effects on baep.
Waves I to VI were identified with stimulus intensity of ≥ 50-dB spl. Wave VII was observed in some records, but was excluded from statistical analysis. As stimulus intensity was increased from 50- to 110-dB spl, the latency decreased for all waves during xylazine-atropineketamine anesthesia. There were no statistically significant differences in the peak latencies of each wave in baep among xylazine-atropine, xylazine-atropine-ketamine, and xylazine-atropine-pentobarbital combinations 20 minutes after drug administration, except that the latency of wave VI during xylazine-atropine sedation was significantly (P < 0,01) shorter than that detected during xylazine-atropine-ketamine or xylazine-atropine-pentobarbital anesthesia. There were no significant changes in peak latencies of waves I, II, III, V, and VI for 90 minutes after administration of the xylazine-atropine-ketamine combination and for 120 minutes after administration of the xylazine-atropine-pentobarbital combination. It was concluded that baep did not change over time after xylazine-atropine-ketamine or xylazine-atropine pentobarbital administration.
Characterization and reactivity of monoclonal antibodies to the Miller strain of transmissible gastroenteritis virus of swine
Authors: Zhu Xiao-Ling , Paul Prem S. , Vaughn Eric , Morales Angeles 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies (mab) to transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) were produced by fusion of SP2/0 myeloma cells and splenic lymphocytes of BALB/c mice immunized with the virulent cell-passaged Miller strain of tgev. The mab secreted by these hybridomas were partially characterized; 4 of them (MA4, MA5, MH11, MB2) had high-neutralization titer for tgev. The remaining 7 (MC6, MD9, ME5, MG5, MF2, ME9, MG7) did not neutralize tgev at 1:25 dilution. All 4 neutralizing and 2 of the nonneutralizing mab reacted with the E2 protein of tgev in a radioimmunoprecipitation assay. The remaining 5 mab reacted with the E1 protein of tgev. Reactivity of the mab was tested in an indirect immunofluorescent assay with 3 cell culture-adapted strains of tgev (Miller, Purdue, and Illinois) and 13 wild-type isolates of tgev. Neutralizing mab reacted with all 13 wild-type isolates and the 3 cell culture-adapted strains of tgev. In contrast, nonneutralizing mab that reacted with the Miller strain of TGEV varied in their reactivity with the wild-type tgev isolates. Reactivity of neutralizing mab was also tested, using plaque-reduction neutralization assays with Miller, Purdue, and Illinois strains and 5 wild-type isolates. All 4 neutralizing mab neutralized the 8 virus isolates, but the neutralization titer was higher with the homologous virus than with the heterologous virus isolates. However, neutralization titers of the 4 neutralizing mab were 4 to 16 times higher for the homologous Miller strain of tgev than for the heterologous Illinois and Purdue strains, and were 4 to 1,000 times higher than for the wild-type isolates. Extensive antigenic heterogeneity was observed among tgev isolates on epitopes recognized by the nonneutralizing mab directed against either E1 or E2 protein.
Postnatal ossification centers of the atlas and axis in Miniature Schnauzers
Authors: Watson Alastair G. , Stewart James S. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Postnatal ossification of the atlas and axis was studied in Miniature Schnauzers by examining alizarin-stained bone clearings, cleaned dry bones, radiographs, histologic sections, and arterially perfused bone clearings. Sixty-two pups (1 day to 16 weeks old) and 4 adults were examined.
In 1-day-old pups, the atlas consisted of 3 separate ossification centers: a left and right neural arch center and midventrally, the intercentrum 1, which formed the body of the atlas. The axis contained 4 separate ossification centers: a left and right neural arch center; centrum 2 in the main part of the axis body; and centrum 1, which formed the caudal part of the dens and the cranial part of the axis body. By 6 weeks of age, the epiphysis on the caudal end of the axis body had begun to ossify. At this time, the intercentrum 2, which developed as a cuboidal ossification center intercalated between centrum 1 and centrum 2 in the middle of the cranial half of the axis body, also began to ossify. The centrum of the proatlas, which formed the apex of the dens, was first seen ossified in a 9-week-old pup. These 10 ossification centers were seen as constant and separate elements.
In all dogs, the dens developed from 2 separate ossification centers: the centrum of the proatlas formed the cranial one-quarter, and centrum 1 formed the caudal three-quarters. Dens dysplasia is unlikely to be a result of failure of development of one of the ossification centers for the dens. Seemingly, vascular-related ischemia may lead to postnatal resorption of at least the middle part of the dens and result in dens dysplasia, with subsequent atlantoaxial subluxation. This condition in dogs may be a suitable animal model for the study of the pathogenesis of os odontoideum and related conditions in man.
Influence of variable content of dietary zinc on copper metabolism of weanling foals
Authors: Bridges Charles H. , Moffitt Patricia Ghagan 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
The influence of variable zinc content (29.1, 250, 1,000 and 2,000 mg/kg of dry weight) in a basic diet containing 7.7 mg of copper/kg on the ability of weanling foals to maintain normal copper balance was investigated. Serum copper and zinc concentrations were monitored, and terminal hepatic copper and zinc contents were measured in 4 weanling foals fed the basic diet containing 29.1 mg of zinc/kg and in 2 foals each fed the higher-zinc diets. Foals fed the lower-zinc diets (29.1 and 250 mg/kg) maintained normal serum copper and zinc concentrations for 14 to 15 weeks, whereas those fed the 2 higher-zinc diets became hypocupremic within 5 to 6 weeks and were lame within 6 weeks, owing to cartilaginous disease characteristic of osteochondritis dissecans. Serum zinc concentration in the foals fed the 2 higher-zinc diets increased to > 2 μg/ml within 2 weeks. Foals fed the high-zinc diets became lame after serum copper concentration had remained at 0.3 μg/ ml for > 1 week. Serum copper concentration in these arthritic foals was ≤ 0.2 μg/ml at the end of the study. In lame foals, fractures of the cartilage of the articular and growth physes occurred through the zone of hypertrophic cells, and varied from bilateral to unilateral and from small to large. Free masses and flaps of cartilage attached to one side were numerous.
Pharmacokinetics of single-dose intravenous or intramuscular administration of gentamicin in roosters
Authors: Pedersoli W. M. , Ravis W. R. , Askins D. R. , Krista L. M. , Spano J. S. , Whitesides J. F. , Tolbert D. S. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Healthy mature roosters (n = 10) were given gentamicin (5 mg/kg of body weight, IV) and, 30 days later, another dose im Serum concentrations of gentamicin were determined over 60 hours after each drug dosing, using a radioimmunoassay. Using nonlinear least-square regression methods, the combined data of IV and im treatments were best fitted by a 2-compartment open model. The mean distribution phase half-life was 0.203 ± 0.075 hours (mean ± SD) and the terminal half-life was 3.38 ± 0.62 hours. The volume of the central compartment was 0.0993 ± 0.0097 L/kg, volume of distribution at steady state was 0.209 ± 0.013 L/kg, and the total body clearance was 46.5 ± 7.9 ml/h/kg.
Intramuscular absorption was rapid, with a half-life for absorption of 0.281 ± 0.081 hours. The extent of im absorption was 95 ± 18%. Maximal serum concentration of 20.68 ± 2.10 μg/ml was detected at 0.62 ± 0.18 hours after the dose. Kinetic calculations predicted that IM injection of gentamicin at a dosage of 4 mg/kg, q 12 h, and 1.5 mg/kg, q 8 h, would provide average steady-state serum concentrations of 6.82 and 3.83 μg/ml, with minimal steady-state serum concentrations of 1.54 and 1.50 μg/ml and maximal steady-state serum concentrations of 18.34 and 7.70 μg/ml, respectively.
Identification and anatomic categorization of the vascular patterns to the pelvic limb muscles of dogs
Authors: Chambers Jonathan N. , Purinton Paul T. , Allen Sheila W. , Moore James L. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
The vascular patterns to pelvic limb muscles were studied in 6 dogs (12 limbs) to identify muscles most suitable for transposition in the treatment of large wounds. Gross dissection of injected specimens and angiography were used to identify the vascular pedicles. The vascular peicles to several muscles were generally consistent, and any variations would not interfere with most muscle transfers. The cranial part of the sartorius, gracillis, semitendinosus, and rectus femoris muscles were identified as suitable candidates for transfer. The caudal part of the sartorius, cranial tibial, and long digital extensor muscles have segmentalized vascular patterns that would limit its arc of rotation.
Efficacy of ceftiofur hydrochloride for treatment of experimentally induced colibacillosis in neonatal swine
Authors: Yancey Robert J. , Evans Roger A. , Kratzer D. Dal , Paulissen Jerome B. , Carmer Samuel G. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Ceftiofur hydrochloride was tested for effectiveness against induced colibacillosis in neonatal swine. In this model, pigs < 12 hours old were inoculated via stomach tube with a virulent, K99+, nalidixic acid-resistant strain of Escherichia coli. Six hours after challenge exposure, 1 dose of ceftiofur was administered either IM or orally in experiment 1 and orally only in experiment 2. Mortality, shedding of bacteria, fecal consistency scores, and body weight changes were monitored for 10 days. In experiment 1 (n = 383 pigs), all treatments at dosage that ranged between 0.5 and 64.0 mg of ceftiofur/kg of body weight significantly (P < 0.001) reduced mortality, bacterial shedding, and diarrhea and increased weight gain, compared with findings in untreated controls. There were no detectable differences between oral and IM routes, except that there was greater reduction in bacteria shedding associated with the oral route of administration. In experiment 2 (n = 505 pigs), ceftiofur was administered orally either once at 6 hours after challenge exposure or twice at 6 and at 48 hours after the first dose. Dosage of ceftiofur was 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, or 60 mg/kg administered once, or half the same dose was administered at each of 2 times. At the optimal dosage (10 mg/kg), a single dose was as effective as 2 doses. The single administration at all dosages reduced mortality, bacterial shedding, and diarrhea scores and increased body weight gain, compared with findings in untreated pigs (P < 0.01). In this induced infection model, the optimal treatment dosage was determined to be 10 mg/kg administered once.
Excretion of porcine parvovirus through the genital tract of boars
Authors: Gradil C. , Molitor T. , Harding M. , Crabo B. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
The putative binding of porcine parvovirus (ppv) to semen components in vitro was examined along with the shedding pattern of ppv in oronasally infected boars. Porcine parvovirus dna was determined to be bound to spermatozoa that had been incubated in vitro with ppv and washed to remove loosely adherent virus. To determine whether ppv was shed in the semen, four 8-month-old boars, seronegative for ppv, were inoculated oronasally with a virulent strain of ppv. Prior to virus inoculation, a catheter was surgically implanted in the vas deferens for the purpose of collecting cauda epididymal semen free of extrinsic contamination. Epididymal semen specimens were collected prior to inoculation and daily thereafter for 21 days. A fifth boar was inoculated oronasally with ppv, but semen was collected by electroejaculation twice weekly for an equal period of time. Reproductive glands and semen specimens from all boars were examined by nucleic acid hybridization for the presence of viral dna. All boars seroconverted to ppv, as evidenced by serum antibody titers ranging from 512 to 8,192 hemagglutinating inhibition units/50 μl. Porcine parvovirus dna was detected in epididymal semen of 3 of 4 catheterized boars on postinoculation days 5 through 9, but not in semen obtained by electroejaculation. Viral dna was consistently detected in tissue samples collected on postinoculation days 8 and 21 from the scrotal lymph nodes (4 of 5 boars) and epididymides (3 of 5 boars).
Enzymuria as an index of renal damage in sheep with induced aminoglycoside nephrotoxicosis
Authors: Garry Franklyn , Chew Dennis J. , Hoffsis Glen F. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Acute nephrotoxicosis was induced in ewes by daily sc administration of gentamicin. Activity of 3 urine enzymes, γ-glutamyltransferase (ggt), β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (ags), and β-glucuronidase (grs), were measured during the development of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicosis. Measurements from timed, volume-measured urine samples were performed on days 0, 7, and 8. Measurements from urine samples obtained without volume measurement (spot samples) were performed daily. Urine ggt and ags activities were high 3 days prior to detection of high serum creatinine concentration and 1.5 days before the appearance of casts in the urine sediment; values consistently remained in the abnormal range until termination of the study. High urine grs activity was inconsistent and transient; serum ggt activity did not change during the course of the study. Urine ggt and ags activities expressed as total excretion per unit time and body weight, enzyme activity per unit volume, and as ratio of urine enzyme activity to urine creatinine concentration were strongly correlated. Urine ggt and ags, but not grs activities, are suitable indicators of renal tubular cell damage in sheep with aminoglycoside nephrotoxicosis. Urine ggt and ags activities indicate cellular changes occurring several days prior to the first indications of renal functional change.
Effect of Pasteurella haemolytica-derived endotoxin on pulmonary structure and function in calves
Authors: Slocombe Ron F. , Mulks Martha , Killingsworth Cheryl R. , Derksen Frederik J. , Robinson N. Edward 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
The role of endotoxin in the pathogenesis of acute pneumonic pasteurellosis is uncertain. Recently, we reported that Escherichia coli -derived endotoxin given by airway inoculation fails to induce lung injury in calves. Because Pasteurella haemolytica-derived endotoxin may differ substantially from E coli in its pathogenicity, we repeated these studies with Pasteurella endotoxin. Intratracheal inoculation of P haemolytica endotoxin caused hypoxemia and increased the alveolar-arterial oxygen differences without causing hypercarbia or changes in lung mechanical properties and volumes. In contrast, iv inoculation of endotoxin caused systemic hypotension, leukopenia, gas exchange impairment, increased total pulmonary resistance, and decreased dynamic compliance. Both routes of inoculation increased serum endotoxin concentrations and were associated with areas of pulmonary hemorrhage, edema, and acute inflammation. We concluded that P haemolytica-derived endotoxin is pathogenic by iv and airway routes of inoculation, and therefore differs from E coli endotoxin in its ability to induce lung lesions in calves.
Use of multiallelic human DNA probes to detect polymorphisms in the porcine genome
Authors: Troyer Deryl L. , Smith Joseph E. , Leipold Horst W. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Two human variable-number tandem repeat probes, pYNH24 and pYNA23, were examined for their possible ability to detect polymorphisms in the porcine genome. Useful DNA polymorphisms were detected in the porcine species, using both probes. In addition, results of Southern blot analysis of these markers in family studies indicated that the genome fragments obey mendelian laws of inheritance.