bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contribution of aerial hyphae of Aspergillus oryzae to respiration in a model solid‐state fermentation system
Authors: Rahardjo Yovita S. P. , Weber Frans J. , le Comte E. Paul , Tramper Johannes , Rinzema Arjen 
Published: October 2004

AbstractOxygen transfer is for two reasons a major concern in scale‐up and process control in industrial application of aerobic fungal solid‐state fermentation (SSF): 1) heat production is proportional to oxygen uptake and it is well known that heat removal is one of the main problems in scaled‐up fermenters, and 2) oxygen supply to the mycelium on the surface of or inside the substrate particles may be hampered by diffusion limitation. This article gives the first experimental evidence that aerial hyphae are important for fungal respiration in SSF. In cultures of A. oryzae on a wheat‐flour model substrate, aerial hyphae contributed up to 75% of the oxygen uptake rate by the fungus. This is due to the fact that A. oryzae forms very abundant aerial mycelium and diffusion of oxygen in the gas‐filled pores of the aerial hyphae layer is rapid. It means that diffusion limitation in the densely packed mycelium layer that is formed closer to the substrate surface and that has liquid‐filled pores is much less important for A. oryzae than was previously reported for R. oligosporus and C. minitans. It also means that the overall oxygen uptake rate for A. oryzae is much higher than the oxygen uptake rate that can be predicted in the densely packed mycelium layer for R. oligosporus and C. minitans. This would imply that cooling problems become more pronounced. Therefore, it is very important to clarify the physiological role of aerial hyphae in SSF. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 78: 539–544, 2002.
Lipase‐catalyzed acidolysis of menhaden oil with conjugated linoleic acid: Effect of water content
Authors: Torres Carlos F. , Hill Charles G. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe effect of the water content on the lipase‐catalyzed (Candida rugosa) interesterification (acidolysis) of menhaden oil with conjugated linoleic acid was studied for amounts of added water ranging from 0–4% (w/w). The rate of the acidolysis reaction increased with increasing water content, but the corresponding percentage of n‐3 fatty acids liberated also increased. The implications of water content for minimization of the release of n‐3 fatty acid residues while maximizing incorporation of CLA are discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 78: 509–516, 2002.
Arylsulfotransferase from Clostridium innocuum—A new enzyme catalyst for sulfation of phenol‐containing compounds
Authors: Mozhaev Vadim V. , Khmelnitsky Yuri L. , Sanchez‐Riera Fernando , Maurina‐Brunker Julie , Rosson Reinhardt A. , Grund Alan D. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractArylsulfotransferase (AST, EC 2.8.2.22), an enzyme capable of sulfating a wide range of phenol‐containing compounds was purified from a Clostridium innocuum isolate (strain 554). The enzyme has a molecular weight of 320 kDa and is composed of four subunits. Unlike many mammalian and plant arylsulfotransferases, AST from Clostridium utilizes arylsulfates, including p‐nitrophenyl sulfate, as sulfate donors, and is not reactive with 3‐phosphoadenosine‐5′‐phosphosulfate (PAPS). The enzyme possesses broad substrate specificity and is active with a variety of phenols, quinones and flavonoids, but does not utilize primary and secondary alcohols and sugars as substrates. Arylsulfotransferase tolerates the presence of 10 vol% of polar cosolvents (dimethyl formamide, acetonitrile, methanol), but loses significant activity at higher solvent concentrations of 30–40 vol%. The enzyme retains high arylsulfotransferase activity in biphasic systems composed of water and nonpolar solvents, such as cyclohexane, toluene and chloroform, while in biphasic systems with more polar solvents (ethyl acetate, 2‐pentanone, methyl tert‐butyl ether, and butyl acetate) the enzyme activity is completely lost. High yields of AST‐catalyzed sulfation were achieved in reactions with several phenols and tyrosine‐containing peptides. Overall, AST studied in this work is a promising biocatalyst in organic synthesis to afford efficient sulfation of phenolic compounds under mild reaction conditions. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 78: 567–575, 2002.
Glass micromodel study of bacterial dispersion in spatially periodic porous networks
Authors: Lanning Larry M. , Ford Roseanne M. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractSuccessful implementation of bioremediation clean‐up strategies depends on accurate predictions of the transport of bacteria within the subsurface. In this study, etched flat‐plate glass micromodels were used to examine bacterial transport in a homogenous network. These networks were created by acid‐etching interconnected channels into a glass plate and then fusing it to an unetched plate forming semi‐cylindrical pores. The transparent nature of the micromodel allows for both qualitative observations of the bacteria within the pores and quantitative measurements of their concentration. The micromodels are designed to allow establishment of a well‐characterized step change in bacterial concentration (Escherichia coli NR50) within the network. During the experiments, bacteria are dispersed through the network by flow. Light scattering is used to detect the change in turbidity within the pores as the bacteria travel through the network. The change in turbidity is used to construct breakthrough curves and spatial concentration profiles of bacteria within the network. The breakthrough curves are fit to the one‐dimensional advection/dispersion equation to determine dispersion coefficients at different interstitial fluid velocities. From the breakthrough curves, dispersion coefficients were reproducible for replicate experiments over a range of velocities in the advection‐dominated regime. The dispersivity values for two network designs resembling an interconnecting capillary network and a spatially periodic network of cylinders were 0.28 and 0.33 cm respectively, which are slightly greater than the literature values found for other pore networks. Experiments were also conducted within the diffusion‐dominated regime to examine the effects of bacterial motility on dispersion. The accumulation of bacteria on the pore walls became significant at the low flow rates and extended experimental times thereby rendering the use of light scattering to determine concentrations ineffective. Bacterial chemotaxis, created by a self‐imposed oxygen gradient, was also observed in the micromodel under stagnant fluid conditions. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 78: 556–566, 2002.
Quantitative analysis of experiments on bacterial chemotaxis to naphthalene
Authors: Pedit Joseph A. , Marx Randall B. , Miller Cass T. , Aitken Michael D. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA mathematical model was developed to quantify chemotaxis to naphthalene by Pseudomonas putida G7 (PpG7) and its influence on naphthalene degradation. The model was first used to estimate the three transport parameters (coefficients for naphthalene diffusion, random motility, and chemotactic sensitivity) by fitting it to experimental data on naphthalene removal from a discrete source in an aqueous system. The best‐fit value of naphthalene diffusivity was close to the value estimated from molecular properties with the Wilke‐Chang equation. Simulations applied to a non‐chemotactic mutant strain only fit the experimental data well if random motility was negligible, suggesting that motility may be lost rapidly in the absence of substrate or that gravity may influence net random motion in a vertically oriented experimental system. For the chemotactic wild‐type strain, random motility and gravity were predicted to have a negligible impact on naphthalene removal relative to the impact of chemotaxis. Based on simulations using the best‐fit value of the chemotactic sensitivity coefficient, initial cell concentrations for a non‐chemotactic strain would have to be several orders of magnitude higher than for a chemotactic strain to achieve similar rates of naphthalene removal under the experimental conditions we evaluated. The model was also applied to an experimental system representing an adaptation of the conventional capillary assay to evaluate chemotaxis in porous media. Our analysis suggests that it may be possible to quantify chemotaxis in porous media systems by simply adjusting the model's transport parameters to account for tortuosity, as has been suggested by others. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 78: 626–634, 2002.
Kinetic analysis of high‐concentration isopropanol biodegradation by a solvent‐tolerant mixed microbial culture
Authors: Bustard Mark T. , Meeyoo Vissanu , Wright Phillip C. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe ability of a previously enriched microbial population to utilize isopropanol (IPA) as the sole carbon source within a minimal salts medium is studied. The advantage of prior enrichment procedures for the improvement of IPA biodegradation performance is demonstrated for an IPA concentration of up to 24 g L−1. Results showing the interrelationship between temperature and substrate utilization and inhibition levels at temperatures of between 2°C and 45°C are examined. Models of inhibition based on enzyme kinetics are assessed via nonlinear analysis, in order to accurately represent the growth kinetics of this solvent‐tolerant mixed culture. The model that best describes the data is the Levenspiel substrate inhibition model, which can predict the maximum substrate level above which growth is completely limited. This is the first report of IPA treatment of up to 24 g L−1 by an aerobic solvent‐tolerant population. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 78: 708–713, 2002.
Simultaneous production of polyhydroxyalkanoates and rhamnolipids by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Hori Katsutoshi , Marsudi Sidik , Unno Hajime 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe feasibility of the simultaneous production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and rhamnolipids, as a novel approach to reduce their production costs, was demonstrated by the cultivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa IFO3924. Fairly large amounts of PHAs and rhamnolipids were obtained from the bacterial cells and the culture supernatant, respectively. Decanoate was a more suitable carbon source than ethanol and glucose for the simultaneous production, although glucose was suitable for cell growth without an induction period under pH control. The kind of carbon source affected PHA monomer composition markedly and PHA molecular weight slightly. Monorhamnolipids and dirhamnolipids were included in the rhamnolipids extracted from the culture supernatant using decanoate, glucose, or ethanol as the carbon source. Both PHAs and rhamnolipids were synthesized after the growth phase. PHA content in the cell reached a maximum when the carbon source was exhausted. After exhaustion of the carbon source, PHA content decreased rapidly, but rhamnolipid synthesis, which followed PHA synthesis, continued. This resulted in a time lag for the attainment of maximum levels of PHAs and rhamnolipids. The reusability of the cells used in rhamnolipid production was evaluated in the repeated batch culture of P. aeruginosa IFO3924 for the simultaneous production of PHAs and rhamnolipids. High concentrations of rhamnolipids in the culture supernatant were attained at the end of both the first and second batch cultures. High PHA content was achieved in the resting cells that were finally harvested after the second batch. Simultaneous production of PHAs and rhamnolipids will enhance the availability of valuable biocatalysts of bacterial cells, and dispel the common belief that the production cost of PHAs accumulated intracellularly is almost impossible to become lower than that of cells themselves. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 78: 699–707, 2002.
Purification, characterization, thermal, and high‐pressure inactivation of pectin methylesterase from bananas (cv Cavendish)
Authors: Ly Nguyen B. , Van Loey A. , Fachin D. , Verlent I. , Hendrickx I. M. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractPectin methylesterase (PME) was extracted from bananas (cv Cavendish) and purified by affinity chromatography on a CNBr–Sepharose–PME inhibitor (PMEI) column. A single protein and PME activity peak was obtained. For banana PME, a biochemical characterization in terms of molar mass (MM), pI, and kinetic parameters was performed. In a second step, the thermal and high‐pressure stability of the enzyme was studied. Isothermal inactivation of purified banana PME could be described by a first‐order kinetic model in a temperature range of 65° to 72.5°C, whereas its isobaric–isothermal inactivation followed a fractional‐conversion model. Banana PME was found to be more thermally stable compared with PMEs extracted from orange, tomato, and apple. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 78: 683–691, 2002.
Control of starvation‐induced apoptosis in Chinese hamster ovary cell cultures
Authors: Simon Laurent , Karim M. Nazmul 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe application of the unscented Kalman filter to control starvation‐induced programmed cell death—apoptosis—in Chinese hamster ovary cells was investigated. Neural network‐based sensitivity analysis identified glutamine and asparagine as two major amino acids that play a key role in the suppression of apoptosis. Dynamic equations that accounted for the dependence of apoptotic cells on the concentrations of viable cells, glutamine, and asparagine were derived. These state equations were highly nonlinear and included nine state variables. An oxygen mass balance was written in the liquid phase. It served as the output equation for the unscented Kalman filter. Using the oxygen uptake rate as the observer, it was possible to estimate the states. A model predictive controller was then implemented once the apoptotic cells in the bioreactor approached a concentration of 1.5×104 cells/mL, taking into account the operating range of the flow cytometer and measurement error. The manipulated variables were the flow rates of glucose, glutamine, and asparagine. Simulation results showed that the controller was able to keep the apoptotic cells at a concentration of 1.5×104 cells/mL. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 78: 645–657, 2002.
Applying circular posterior‐hinged craniotomy to malignant cerebral edemas
Authors: Traxler H. , Ender H.G. , Weber G. , Surd R. , Redl H. , Firbas W. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractMalignant brain edemas are often fatal, regardless of whether they are treated conservatively with sedation, blood pressure management, mannitol‐therapy, hyperventilation and hypothermia, or non‐conservatively with routine trepanation. Unfortunately, temporal trepanation may result in significant brain damage through herniation of the cerebrum at the edges of the trepanation openings. In one case of a 26‐year‐old male with severe head injury, a circular posterior‐hinged craniotomy (CPHC) was performed after an ineffective unitemporal trepanation for evacuation of an acute subdural hematoma. This ultimately successful operation prompted experimental and morphologic investigations on a new surgical procedure for lowering intracranial pressure (ICP). In 12 of 15 human cadavers, an experimentally ICP was lowered by a CPHC with between 9–21 mm of frontal elevation of the calvaria. Using computer simulation, the frontal elevations of the calvaria were “virtually” performed on 3D reconstructions from CT scans of skulls, and the intracranial volume gained was measured with a computer software program. The volume increase of the cranial cavity showed a relatively constant relation to the cranial capacity and was increased by 6.0% (±0.4%) or 78 cm3 with a 10 mm elevation and by 12.4% (±0.7%) or 160 cm3 with a 20 mm elevation. There were no significant differences with skulls of different ages or ethnic origin; however, a significant effect of gender (F = 7.074; P ≤ 0.013) on the gained volume in percent of the cranial capacity for the 20 mm elevation was observed. This difference can be explained by the inverse relationship between volume increase and cranial capacity (r = −0.507; P ≤ 0.004). Clin. Anat. Month:173–181, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lumbar intrathecal ligaments
Authors: Kershner David E. , Binhammer Robert T. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA meticulous examination was performed on 56 vertebral columns from cadavers between 64 and 89 years of age. Identification of all contents within the dural sac was completed; however, the main focus was the cauda equina and lumbar region. In addition to scope dissection, radiographs and histological preparations were used to identify structures, tissue types, and any possible pathology. Discrete intrathecal ligamentous bands were observed in all cadavers examined. They were found randomly binding the dorsal nerve roots of the cauda equina to the dura. Occasional binding of the ventral nerve roots to the dorsal roots was observed. Histological examination demonstrated a dense collagen ligament varying between 0.13 and 0.35 μm in thickness and from 3 mm to 3.5 cm in length. The average number of ligaments found per cadaver was 18. These ligaments displayed a broad base attachment to the nerve root or dura of approximately 3 mm. Looping of the nerve roots associated with these ligaments was seen in one cadaver with a burst fracture. Electron microscopic studies of these ligaments demonstrated similarities to denticulate ligaments. It is suggested that the intrathecal ligaments represent remnants from fetal development of the denticulate ligaments. Clin. Anat. 15:82–87, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Median (third) occipital condyle
Authors: Rao P.V.V. Prasada 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAbnormalities of the craniovertebral junction, most of which are associated with the occipital bone, are of interest not only to anatomists but also to clinicians because many of these deformities produce clinical symptoms. The occipital bone in humans is formed by the fusion of the sclerotomes corresponding to the roots of the hypoglossal nerve. In lower vertebrates, the cranial half of the first cervical sclerotome forms a separate bone between the atlas and occipital bone, the proatlas; in man it may contribute to anomalous structures around the foramen magnum. One such structure, a median occipital condyle, which exhibited an articular facet for the odontoid process, was observed in an adult male skull at the anterior margin of the foramen magnum. This anomaly is discussed in light of available literature. Clin. Anat. 15:148–151, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Traditions and peculiarities of clinical anatomy education in Russia
Authors: Kagan Ilia I. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe Russian experience in clinical anatomy education is described in this article. Such training is provided by the Department of Operative Surgery and Topographical Anatomy both during the pregraduate (undergraduate) period for medical students and in the postgraduate period for interns, residents, physicians, and surgeons of different specialties. The teaching of clinical anatomy in the pregraduate period occurs in combination with the study of operative surgery and follows the study of gross anatomy in the Department of Human Anatomy and microscopic anatomy in the Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology. Clin. Anat. 15:152–156, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Teaching gross anatomy using living tissue
Authors: Hubbell D.S. , Dwornik J.J. , Alway S.E. , Eliason R. , Norenberg R.E. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractEmbalmed cadaver tissues and organs that are dissected in gross anatomy laboratories lack many characteristics of fresh or living tissues. The purpose of this study was to assess the educational value of allowing first‐year medical students to experience first‐hand the color, texture, delicacy and other qualities of living porcine tissues and organs that are similar to those of human tissues. Guided by a laboratory protocol, medical students palpated and inspected organs of the opened thorax, abdomen and pelvis of anesthetized pigs on pulmonary ventilators. The learning experience was rated highly by the students as well as by the participating faculty. A further review of the medical students' later experiences at autopsies and in surgical clerkships showed that the living‐tissue experience in their gross anatomy course represented a large part of their medical school exposure to unembalmed tissues. Clin. Anat. 15:157–159, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Percutaneous intervention of a bifurcating saphenous vein graft with simultaneous dual‐limb filter wire protection
Authors: Lanzieri Mark 
Published: October 2004

AbstractDistal embolization during saphenous vein graft angioplasty may result in myocardial infarction. The use of dual nonocclusive filter wire during angioplasty in a bifurcating saphenous vein graft is described. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004;63:307–309. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Two‐year clinical follow‐up results of intracoronary radiation therapy with rhenium‐188‐diethylene triamine penta‐acetic acid‐filled balloon
Authors: Cho Young‐Seok , Kim Myung‐A , Hwang Kyung‐Kuk , Koo Bon‐Kwon , Oh Seil , Chae In‐Ho , Kim Hyo‐Soo , Lee Dong‐Soo , Oh Byung‐Hee , Lee Myoung‐Mook , Park Young‐Bae , Choi Yun‐Shik 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWe investigated the 2‐year clinical follow‐up results as well as 6‐month angiographic and clinical follow‐up results of intracoronary radiation therapy using a rhenium‐188‐diethylene triamine penta‐acetic acid (188Re‐DTPA)‐filled balloon system. The study comprised of 161 patients with significant de novo (83%) or in‐stent restenosis (17%) lesions. Irradiation to deliver 17.6 Gy at a depth of 1.0 mm into the vessel wall was carried out after successful intervention. At 6‐month follow‐up, binary restenosis developed with significantly lower frequency in the radiation group than in the control group (24.3% vs. 46.3%; P = 0.009), although target lesion revascularization rate did not show significant benefit. At 2‐year follow‐up, cumulative target lesion revascularization rate was not significantly different between radiation group (n = 86) and control group (n = 75; 20.0% vs. 26.0%; P = 0.368). The rate of major adverse cardiac events including death, myocardial infarction, and target lesion revascularization did not show significant difference between two groups either (22.3% vs. 30.1%; P = 0.266). In conclusion, although significant reduction in restenosis rate was noted at 6‐month angiographic follow‐up, intracoronary radiation therapy mostly in patients with de novo lesion did not show significant clinical benefit in 6‐month and 2‐year follow‐up results. The benefit was noted only in a small subgroup of patients with in‐stent restenosis. Cathet Cardiovasc Interv 2004;63:274–281. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.