bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of Electroacupuncture in Alleviating Stress-induced Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Rats: The Role of the Central Amygdala
Authors: Weng Rongxin , Wei Qinghui , Wang Zepeng , Li Xinyu , Li Yuanyuan , Sun Xuehan , Wang Yuxue , Wang Xiusong , Sun Haiji , He Feng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Visceral hypersensitivity (VH) and anxiety are the main characteristics of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients. Acupuncture has been demonstrated to be effective as a non-pharmacological approach for treating IBS. The central amygdala (CeA) is a key brain nucleus closely related to mediate integration of abdominal pain, gastrointestinal motility and anxiety. In the present study, we investigated whether and how the CeA mediate the protective effects of electroacupuncture (EA) against VH and anxiety in water avoidance stress (WAS)-induced IBS rats. Visceral sensitivity was assessed via abdominal withdrawal reflex and diarrhea index. Anxiety-related behavior was measured via open field test. The expression of c-Fos, GAD65, SYN1, PSD95 and BDNF in CeA were measured by using immunofluorescence or western blot. The chemogenetic method was used to activate or inhibit the selected target neurons. We found that EA attenuated WAS-induced gastrointestinal symptoms and anxiety-like behaviors with reduced expression of c-Fos, GAD65, SYN1, PSD95 and BDNF in the CeA. WAS-induced dysfunction was alleviated by inhibiting CeA neurons and the effects of EA treatment were counteracted by activating CeA neurons. Moreover, activating and inhibiting gamma-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) neurons in the CeA can impede and enhance the effects of EA treatment, respectively. These data suggest that EA is effective to ameliorate stress-induced VH and anxiety via alleviating neuronal hyperactivity in the CeA, particularly targeting the hyperactivity of GABAergic neurons in the CeA, and suppressing enhanced synaptic plasticity in this region.
Towards Creating a National Term bank: The Case of Mongolian Terminology
Authors: Namsrai Munkhtsetseg 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The goal of terminology work is to record and organize the meaning and usage of specialized terms and to make available in various terminological resources like (online) termbases, specialized lexicography, and glossaries to use them in texts, translation, and specialized discourse. The present paper examines the content of the Online Database of Key Scientific Terms, aiming to enhance it and create a national term bank. Terminology entries in the termbase checked to evaluate whether they meet the formal criteria of terminology standards. The study identifies some issues such as incorrect, incomplete, improper, and inconsistent entries occurring in the termbase. Thus, the paper emphasizes the importance of continuing to evaluate the termbase’s terminology entries in terms of quality assurance and highlights the need for a concept-based approach and consistent modeling of terminographic components, specifically the hierarchy of domain labels. We discuss the results of the study and conclude with perspectives for future work.
Fluorescence-Guided Minimally-Invasive Resection of Abdominal Paragangliomas using Indocyanine Green
Authors: Dam Martijn A. van , Crobach A.S.L.P. , Boekestijn B. , Corssmit E.P.M. , Bonsing B.A. , Vahrmeijer A.L. , Mieog J.S.D. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This study explores the utility of near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging with indocyanine green (ICG) in enhancing the intraoperative identification and guidance for the resection of abdominal paragangliomas, rare neuroendocrine tumors often challenging to detect during surgery. Due to their anatomical location, often small size, and the similar appearance of the lesions in regard to their surrounding tissue. Minimally-invasive resections were planned for patients with suspected abdominal paragangliomas, who received a single bolus of 5mg ICG after abdominal exploration. NIR fluorescence imaging of the suspected abdominal region of the suspected lesion immediately followed administration, assessing fluorescence signals, intraoperative identification, and correlation with histopathology. Among five suspect lesions resected, four were imaged with NIR fluorescence, with pathology confirming four as paragangliomas and one as an adrenal adenoma. NIR fluorescence identified all four lesions, surpassing the limitations of white-light visualization. Homogeneous fluorescence signals appeared 30-60 seconds post-ICG, enduring up to 30 minutes. The study demonstrates the feasibility and potential clinical value of fluorescence-guided minimally-invasive resections of abdominal paragangliomas using a single intravenous ICG dose. These findings support the scientific basis for routine use of ICG-fluorescence-guided surgery in challenging anatomical cases, providing valuable assistance in lesion detection and resection.
Temporal trends in weight-based disparities in physical fitness of children: 30-years of continuous surveillance through Slovenian national system
Authors: Martinko Antonio , Blagus Rok , Jurak Gregor , Starc Gregor , Sorić Maroje 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Obesity in childhood has deleterious consequences for health while improving physical fitness can significantly reduce health risks related to high body mass index. This study leverages near-census data collected by the national fitness surveillance system in Slovenia to investigate the evolution of weight-based disparities in the physical fitness of 7–15-year-olds between 1989 and 2019.
Methods
We used annual data collected within the SLOfit monitoring system in the period between 1989–2019, totalling 4,256,930 participants (about 137 000 per year). We examined cardiorespiratory fitness (600-m run test), muscular fitness (60-s sit-ups, bent arm hang, and standing broad jump test) and skill-related fitness (backwards obstacle course, 60-m dash, arm plate tapping). We grouped children according to the IOTF cut-offs for BMI to those living with normal weight or excess weight and estimated changes in physical fitness over time by fitting quantile regression models separately by sex and age group, and then using segmented regression to identify the structure of trends over time.
Results
Weight-based disparities in physical fitness were large in 1989 and have further increased from 1989 to 2019 for all fitness components and across all age and sex groups. The increase in disparities was generally larger in boys than in girls, and 10–15-year-olds compared to younger children. Most of the increase in disparities in health-related fitness accumulated during the 2010s, when the fitness of children generally improved, but much less so in children living with excess weight.
Conclusions
Despite recent improvements in population fitness levels, children with excess weight seem to be left behind, which adds to existing health inequalities. Our results should encourage policymakers to redesign policies aimed at promoting physical activity and enhancing physical fitness to make them more equitable and ultimately lead to reducing inequalities in fitness.
Diversity question generation based on contrastive search algorithm
Authors: Zhou Mingtao , Zhou Juxiang , Gan Jianhou , Wang Jun , Wang Mingjie 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Diversity question generation (DQG) is an extremely challenging task, involving the generation of questions of multiple answerable and diverse vocabulary based on given contextual information and answers. Despite notable advancements in prior research, this field encounters two primary challenges: (i) there is a locality of DQG, with a lack of dedicated datasets specifically designed for sentence-level diversity question generation (SL-DQG); (ii) the decoding process often leads to issues such as word repetition, affecting the answerability of the generated questions. To address these challenges, we extract sentences containing answers from paragraphs in a paragraph-level diversity question generation (PL-DQG) dataset, constructing a dataset for SL-DQG. Then, we propose a diversity question generation model based on a contrastive search algorithm (DQG-CSA), exploring both SL-DQG and PL-DQG. Our model fine-tunes a pre-trained language model for downstream tasks, directly generating copious semantically similar and lexically diverse questions. Furthermore, we introduces a contrastive search decoding method to address word repetition issues in both SL-DQG and PL-DQG, enhancing the answerability of the generated questions. Experimental results demonstrate that incorporating the contrastive search algorithm in diversity studies at both sentence and paragraph levels, outperforms other decoding methods. And achieving a balance between answerability, fluency, and semantic similarity.
Structural, Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Nelumbo Nucifera Fibers
Authors: Manju V V , Hegde Vinayakprasanna N , Somashekar R 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In view of exploring the structural and elasto-mechanical properties of the Nelumbo Nucifera (lotus) fiber cultivated in India, the Powder X-ray diffraction data (PXRD) of this fiber is utilized. The PXRD data was used along with Peakfit® software for the background data correction and to simulate the data. Checkcell® has been utilized to obtain the microstructural and lattice parameters. Our sample belong to monoclinic crystal system and lattice parameters are a = 7.784 Å, b = 8.201 Å, C = 10.380 Å and β = 96.28°. Using Debye Scherrer equation, the crystallite sizes along all the Bragg reflections were calculated and employing first principle calculations, the crystallite size has been plotted and concluded that, the size is not ellipsoidal as predicted by earlier researchers, in specific it is multidimensional in shape and depends on the existence of ordered region. The X-ray diffraction data is used along with Treloar’s principle to obtain the 6×6 elastic tensor matrix, and the same has been plotted using Elastic Tensor Analysis tool. This result has shown that the lotus fiber is anisotropic in nature. The dependence of frequency and temperature on the dielectric properties of Nelumbo Nucifera fibres were studied in the frequency range 50 Hz to 5 MHz and in the temperature range 27oC to 100oC. Functional Data Analysis has been utilized to obtain the correlation among various microstructural parameters.
36 weeks of Multicomponent Training Reverse Strength Sequels in Mastectomy Arm, Improves Functional Fitness and Quality of Life of Breast Cancer Survivors: A Machine Learning-Assisted Experimental Trial
Authors: Encarnação Samuel Gonçalves Almeida , Rodrigues Sandra Beatriz , Teixeira José Eduardo , Sampaio Tatiana , Encarnação Roberto , Fernandes Hélder Jaime , Monteiro António Miguel 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Purpose: In addition, the study aimed to explore the predictive factors influencing improvements in mastectomy arm's strength over the follow-up time.
Methods: It was a single-arm trial, with 8 female breast cancer survivors aged 64 (± 8.6) years old.
Results: There were statistically significant results along the three moments for reductions in body mass index (BMI) (-2.55 % change from baseline, p = 0.001, large ES) and in fat mass percentage (FM%) (-10.9% change from baseline, p < 0.001, large ES), increases in upper limb strength (ULS) (105% change, p < 0.001, large ES), in upper limb strength in the arm that underwent surgery intervention (ULSint) (192.8% change from baseline, p < 0.001, large ES), lower limb strength (LLS) (45% change from baseline, p < 0.001, large ES), upper limb flexibility (ULF) (50% change from baseline, p < 0.013, moderate ES, lower limb flexibility (LLF) (102% change from baseline, p < 0.001, large ES), aerobic resistance (AR) (263.5% change from baseline, p < 0.001, large ES), and from second to third moment in dynamic balance (DB) (-20.4% change from 6 months, p = 0.003, large ES). For the QoL, there were improvements along three moments in activities of daily (AD) functionality (50% change from baseline, p = 0.004), emotional function (33% change from baseline, p = 0.01, moderate ES), reduction in pain perception from second to third moment (-66.8% change from baseline, p = 0.002, small ES), and reduction in the perception of fatigue (-75% change from baseline, p = 0.03, large ES), and improvement in global health and QoL (57% change from baseline, p = 0.003, moderate ES). The feature selection analysis identified that AF was the best variable to predict improvements in the mastectomy arm’s strength of the participants (r = 0.60, predicted mastectomy arm’s strength = 18 repetitions, RMSE = 2.53, R2 = 0.74).
Conclusion: In summary, 36 weeks of MCT was a powerful intervention to reduce BMI and FM%, improved the FF and the QoL aspects, emotional aspects, perception of fatigue, and the perception of global health and QoL of BC survivors, with good adherence and without prejudicial effects. AF forecasted good values of the participant’s mastectomy arm’s strength over the follow-up.
Disaggregating Census Data for Population Mapping Using a Bayesian Additive Regression Tree Model
Authors: Yankey Ortis , Utazi Chigozie E. , Nnanatu Christopher C. , Gadiaga Assane N. , Abbot Thomas , Lazar Attila N. , Tatem Andrew J. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Population data is crucial for policy decisions, but fine-scale population numbers are often lacking due to the challenge of sharing sensitive data. Different approaches, such as the use of the Random Forest (RF) model, have been used to disaggregate census data from higher administrative units to small area scales. A major limitation of the RF model is its inability to quantify the uncertainties associated with the predicted populations, which can be important for policy decisions. In this study, we applied a Bayesian Additive Regression Tree (BART) model for population disaggregation and compared the result with a RF model using both simulated data and the 2021 census data for Ghana. The BART model consistently outperforms the RF model in out-of-sample predictions for all metrics, such as bias, mean squared error (MSE), and root mean squared error (RMSE). The BART model also addresses the limitations of the RF model by providing uncertainty estimates around the predicted population, which is often lacking with the RF model. Overall, the study demonstrates the superiority of the BART model over the RF model in disaggregating population data and highlights its potential for gridded population estimates.
Comparison and analysis of mixing efficiency in various micromixer designs
Authors: Oh Seo yeon , Lee Chang-Soo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we evaluate the influence of various micromixer designs on the mixing efficiency of passive micromixer. We analyze the designs of various passive micromixers to identify the most efficient micromixer. Among them, the toroidal micromixer and 3D zig-zag micromixer demonstrated highest mixing efficiency. We investigated the key factors influencing mixing in the toroidal and 3D zig-zag micromixer, identifying and confirming optimal designs. Ultimately, when comparing the mixing efficiency of the two micromixers, the 3D zig-zag micromixer achieved up to 95% mixing efficiency in a very short time of 0.8 milliseconds. Through this research, it is anticipated that a benchmark will be provided for micromixer design in microfluidic devices when manufacturing micromixers of various forms.
The magnitude of legal wildlife trade and implications for species survival
Authors: Hughes Alice , Marshall Benjamin , Alamshah Aubrey , Cardoso Pedro , Cassey Phillip , Chekunov Sebastian , Eskew Evan , Fukushima Caroline , García-Díaz Pablo , Gore Meredith , Lockwood Julie , Rhyne Andrew , Sinclair James , Strine Colin , Stringham Oliver , Tlusty Michael , Valdez Jose , Watters Frejya 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The unsustainable use of wildlife is a primary driver of global biodiversity loss. No comprehensive global dataset exists on what species are in trade, their geographic origins, and trade's ultimate impacts, which limits our ability to sustainably manage trade. The United States (US) is one of the world's largest importers of wildlife, trade data being compiled in the US Law Enforcement Management Information System (LEMIS), the only comprehensive publicly-accessible wildlife trade database of non-CITES listed species. In total, 21,097 species and over 2.85 billion individuals were traded over the past 22 years (2000-2022). When LEMIS data is combined with CITES records, the US imported over 29,445 wild species, including over 50% of all globally described species in some taxonomic groups. For most taxa, around half of the individuals are declared as sourced from the wild. Although LEMIS provides the only means to assess trade volumes for many taxa, without any associated data on most wild populations, it is impossible to assess the impact or sustainability of trade, or any potential risk of pest or pathogen spread. Furthermore, these insights underscore the likely under-estimation of trade, and the urgent need for other countries to adopt similar mechanisms to accurately record trade.
Carry-Free Adder in Redundant Number System: the First and Only Demonstration of Ternary Logic’s Superiority Over Binary Logic
Authors: Huang Mingqiang , Zhao Guangchao , Hu Wanbo , Wang Xingli , Yang Zepeng , Li Ziye , Coquet Philippe , Han Kai , Hu Hailin , Wang Yunhe , Tay BengKang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Ternary logic has attracted significant attention due to its higher data density and balanced number representation. Even though tremendous endeavor has been devoted to developing ternary logic arithmetic circuits with compact structures, its industrial applications have stagnated for years due to the inferior energy efficiency compared to binary systems. In this work, we introduce various carry-free arithmetic circuit designs based on ternary logic and redundant number systems (RNS). For the first time, our proposed ternary arithmetic circuits outperform their binary counterparts with equivalent computation capabilities in energy efficiency across various data widths. Various arithmetic circuits including mixed adders, mixed subtractors, and signed adders were designed and implemented. Comprehensive simulations of the proposed 4/8/12/16/32-bit arithmetic circuits were performed using the SMIC180 process design kit (PDK), which demonstrated significant performance advances over the existing binary logic-based circuits. Specifically, our 8-bit carry-free mixed adders and subtractors show reductions in power consumption by 35.5% and 40.8% respectively, operating at 200 MHz. Furthermore, our carry-free signed adders exhibit superior speed and double the operational frequency (200 vs. 100 MHz). When benchmarked against the binary approaches at the binary frequency limit, our circuits reduce the power consumption by 10.22%. These results not only demonstrate the great potential of our approach in broader computational applications but also shed insights into the energy-efficient, high-speed arithmetic circuit design based on ternary logic.
Frequency dependent Lg and Pg wave attenuation in western Tibet
Authors: Singh Chandrani , Tiwari Ashwani Kant , Sandvol Eric , Jaiswal Namrata , Jana Niptika , Bose Shirish , Gupta Arun Kumar 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Frequency-dependent Lg and Pg attenuation models are studied beneath western Tibet and regions surrounding it to understand the lateral variations in rheology of the crust. We have considered different frequency ranges of 0.2 to 0.6 Hz, 0.6 to 1 Hz, and 1 to 1.4 Hz with central frequencies of 0.4 Hz, 0.8 Hz, and 1.2 Hz respectively to study the frequency dependent behaviour of both Lg and Pg employing Two-Station Method (TSM) as well as Reverse Two-Station Method (RTSM). The propagation characteristics of both Lg and Pg are mainly influenced by the crustal structure which can be affected by factors like scattering and intrinsic attenuation. Lhasa terrane is categorized by moderate to high Q values may be attributed to the underthrusting Indian plate. The moderate to high Q zone in the Lhasa terrane may be attributed to the underthrusting Indian plate. We have observed frequency dependent behaviour of the average Q values for both Lg and Pg. To investigate the frequency dependent phenomenon of Lg and Pg attenuation for western Tibet, the average Q0 (Q at 1 Hz) and frequency dependent parameter η have been measured. Q0 values for both the waves are observed to be moderate with high η values possibly due to the highly heterogeneous crust of western Tibet. We have also computed relative site responses for individual stations using RTSM at the central frequencies of 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 Hz. The results show that the weak to negative site responses are mostly predominant across the study region. The observed relative site responses exhibit a frequency-dependent pattern, possibly linked to the sampling depth. However, there is no noticeable correlation between site responses and elevation.
Predicting TCR sequences for unseen antigen epitopes using structural and sequence features
Authors: Zhang Hongmei , Ji Hongchen , Zhang Chengkai , Qiong Zhang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
T-cell receptor (TCR) recognition of antigens is fundamental to the adaptive immune response. With the expansion of experimental techniques, a substantial database of matched TCR-antigen pairs has emerged, presenting opportunities for computational prediction models. However, the accurate forecasting of binding affinities for unseen antigen-TCR pairs remains a major challenge. Here, we present Convolutional-Self-Attention TCR (CATCR), a novel framework tailored to enhance the prediction of epitope and TCR interactions. Our approach integrates an encoder that concurrently processes structural and sequential data, utilizing convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to extract peptide features from residue contact matrices, as generated by OpenFold, and a Transformer to encode segment-based coded sequence. We further introduce CATCR-D, a discriminator equipped to assess binding by analyzing structural and sequence features of epitopes and CDR3-β regions. Additionally, the framework comprises CATCR-G, a generative module designed for CDR3-β sequences, which applies the pretrained encoder to deduce epitope characteristics and a Transformer decoder for predicting matching CDR3-β sequences. CATCR-D has shown exemplary feature extraction and generalization, achieving an AUROC of 0.89 on previously unseen epitope-TCR pairs and outperforming four benchmark models by a margin of 17.4%. CATCR-G has demonstrated high precision, recall, and F1 scores, surpassing 95% in BERT-score assessments. Our results indicate that CATCR is an effective tool for the prediction of unseen epitope-TCR interactions, and that incorporating structural insights significantly enhances our understanding of the general rules governing TCR-epitope recognition. The prediction of TCRs for novel epitopes using structural and sequence information is promising, and broadening the repository of experimental TCR-epitope data stands to further improve the precision of epitope-TCR binding predictions.