bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Macrophage infiltration in 3D cancer spheroids to recapitulate the TME and unveil interactions within cancer cells and macrophages to modulate chemotherapeutic drug efficacy
Authors: Singh Khushwant , Gautam Pramod K. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Recapitulating the tumor microenvironment (TME) in vitro remains a major hurdle in cancer research. In recent years, there have been significant strides in this area, particularly with the emergence of 3D spheroids as a model system for drug screening and therapeutics development for solid tumors. However, incorporating macrophages into these spheroid cultures poses specific challenges due to the intricate interactions between macrophages and cancer cells.

Methods
To address this issue, in this study, we established a reproducible healthy multicellular 3D spheroid culture with macrophage infiltrates in order to mimic the TME and modulate the drug’s efficacy on cancer cells in the presence of macrophages. A 3D spheroid was established using the human cancer cell line CAL33 and THP1 cell derived M0 macrophages were used as a source of macrophages. Cellular parameters including tumour metabolism, health, and mitochondrial mass were analysed in order to establish ideal conditions. To modulate the interaction of cancer cells with macrophage the ROS, NO, and H2O2 levels, in addition to M1 and M2 macrophage phenotypic markers, were analyzed. To understand the crosstalk between cancer cells and macrophages for ECM degradation, HSP70, HIF1α and cysteine proteases were examined in spheroids using western blotting and qPCR.

Results
The spheroids with macrophage infiltrates exhibited key features of solid tumors, including cellular heterogeneity, metabolic changes, nutrient gradients, ROS emission, and the interplay between HIF1α and HSP70 for upregulation of ECM degradading enzymes. Our results demonstrate that tumor cells exhibit a metabolic shift in the presence of macrophages. Additionally, we have observed a shift in the polarity of M0 macrophages towards tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in response to cancer cells in spheroids. Results also demonstrate the involvement of macrophages in regulating HIF-1α, HSP70, and ECM degradation cysteine proteases enzymes.

Conclusions
This study has significant implications for cancer therapy as it sheds light on the intricate interaction between tumor cells and their surrounding macrophages. Additionally, our 3D spheroid model can aid in drug screening and enhance the predictive accuracy of preclinical studies. The strength of our study lies in the comprehensive characterization of the multicellular 3D spheroid model, which closely mimics the TME.
Perspectives on implementing Individual Placement and Support (IPS) within primary health care settings for adults living in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Kwan Amanda , Berinstein Stephany , Morris Jonathan , Barbic Skye 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Individual placement and support (IPS) is an evidence-based practice (EBP) designed to help people with severe mental illness re-enter the labour market. Implementing an IPS program within a new context (e.g., primary health care setting) to support populations that are complex and multi-barriered presents a set of unique challenges and considerations. This paper provides community-based perspectives that identify implementation strengths and challenges and highlights potential strategies aimed at addressing emergent barriers.

Methods
A case study was conducted across three community health centres in British Columbia (BC), Canada, where a novel IPS program was embedded within primary care services. Data collection consisted of open-ended surveys and focus groups with service providers directly involved in program implementation and their associated clinical and managerial support teams (n = 15). Using the updated Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) as a guide, we performed deductive thematic analysis to identify key areas impacting IPS implementation.

Results
Integration with existing health care systems and primary health care teams and support from leadership across all levels were identified as both key facilitators and barriers to implementation. Facilitators and barriers were identified across all domains, with those within innovation and process most easily addressed. Four cross-cutting themes emerged for promoting more integrated and sustainable program implementation: investing in pre-implementation activities, supporting a dynamic and flexible program, building from community experiences, and developing a system for shared knowledge.

Conclusions
Implementing an IPS program embedded within primary health care settings is complex and requires extensive planning and consultation with community-based service providers and decision-makers to achieve full integration. Future practice and policy decisions aimed at supporting employment and well-being should be made in collaboration with communities.
Acceptability of workplace choice architecture modification for healthy behaviours
Authors: Rantala Eeva , Vanhatalo Saara , Perez-Cueto Federico J. A. , Pihlajamäki Jussi , Poutanen Kaisa , Karhunen Leila , Absetz Pilvikki 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Altering the choice architecture of decision contexts can assist behaviour change, but the acceptability of this approach has sparked debate. Considering hypothetical interventions, people generally welcome the approach for promoting health, but little evidence exists on acceptance in the real world. Furthermore, research has yet to explore the implementers’ perspective, acknowledging the multidimensionality of the acceptability construct. Addressing these knowledge gaps, this study evaluated the acceptability of a quasi-experimental implementation-effectiveness trial that modified the worksite choice architecture for healthy eating and daily physical activity.

Methods
Fifty-three worksites participated in the 12-month intervention and implemented altogether 23 choice architecture strategies (Mdn 3/site), including point-of-choice prompts and changes to choice availability or accessibility. Retrospective acceptability evaluation built on deductive qualitative content analysis of implementer interviews (n = 65) and quantitative analysis of an employee questionnaire (n = 1124). Qualitative analysis examined implementers’ thoughts and observations of the intervention and its implementation, considering six domains of the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability: ethicality, affective attitude, burden, intervention coherence, opportunity costs, and perceived effectiveness. Quantitative analysis examined employees’ acceptance (7-point Likert scale) of eight specific intervention strategies using Friedman test and mixed-effects logistic regression.

Results
Implementers considered the choice architecture approach ethical for workplace health promotion, reported mostly positive affective attitudes to and little burden because of the intervention. Intervention coherence supported acceptance through increased interest in implementation, whereas low perceived utility and high intensity of implementation reduced cost acceptance. Perceived effectiveness was mixed and varied along factors related to the implementer, social/physical work environment, employer, and employee. Employees showed overall high acceptance of evaluated strategies (Mdn 7, IQR 6.4–7), though strategies replacing unhealthy foods with healthier alternatives appeared less supported than providing information or enhancing healthy option availability or accessibility (p-values < 0.02). Greater proportion of male employees per site predicted lower overall acceptance (OR 4.4, 95% CI 1.2–16.5).

Conclusions
Work communities appear to approve workplace choice architecture interventions for healthy eating and physical activity, but numerous factors influence acceptance and warrant consideration in future interventions. The study contributes with a theory-based, multidimensional evaluation that considered the perspectives of implementers and influenced individuals across heterogeneous real-world settings.
Analysis of immunophenotypic features in hyaline vascular type Castleman disease
Authors: Chang Yu , Ma Yu , Chang Chen , Li Wensheng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundStudies suggested that the immunophenotype of hyaline vascular type Castleman disease (HVCD) lacked characteristics, which was easy to be confused with other diseases.MethodsFrom January 2010 to June 2022, 17 cases of HVCD were selected from the Department of Pathology of Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital and the Department of Pathology of Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital. 13 cases of reactive hyperplastic lymph nodes (RHL) and 11 cases of follicular lymphoma (FL) were selected as the control group. All cases were performed CD3, CD20, CD21 and BCL2 immunohistochemical staining.Results(i) In 17 cases of HVCD, the negative area of BCL2 of germinal center was significantly smaller than the negative area of CD3 of germinal center. However, in 13 cases of RHL, the negative area of CD3 of germinal center was basically consistent with the negative area of germinal center of BCL2 of germinal center. In 11 cases of FL, in neoplastic follicles, the negative area of CD3 was basically consistent with the positive area of BCL2. The difference between HVCD group and other two groups of diseases was statistically significant (P < 0.05). (ii) In 17 cases of HVCD, the negative area of BCL2 of germinal center was significantly smaller than the follicular dendritic cell (FDC) meshworks expressed by CD21. However, in 13 cases of RHL, the FDC meshworks expressed by CD21 were basically consistent with the negative area of BCL2 of germinal center. In 11 cases of FL, in neoplastic follicles, the FDC meshworks expressed by CD21 was basically consistent with the positive area of BCL2. The difference between HVCD group and other two groups of disease was statistically significant (P < 0.05).ConclusionsHVCD has unique immunophenotypic characteristics. The negative area of BCL2 of germinal center is significantly smaller than the negative area of CD3. The negative area of the BCL2 of germinal center is significantly smaller than the FDC meshworks expressed by CD21. These two immunophenotypic features in HVCD are very important in diagnosis and differential diagnosis.
Optimising child and adolescent mental health care – a scoping review of international best-practice strategies and service models
Authors: Jeindl Reinhard , Hofer Viktoria , Bachmann Christian , Zechmeister-Koss Ingrid 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Psychiatric disorders are among the most common health problems in children and adolescents, with a recent prevalence rise due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The increasing demand for service provision in this patient population, together with infrastructural, financial and staff limitations in child and adolescent mental health services, calls for an adaptation/advancement of current models of service provision. This review offers an internationally informed overview of best-practice child and adolescent mental health (CAMH) strategies and care models, with the aim of assisting decision-makers in implementing topical CAMH care models.

Methods
Using a pre-defined structured search strategy, we aimed to identify core topics within published CAMH strategies and care model documents from seven countries within the Global North, which represented a range of differing healthcare systems, geographical regions, and public health traditions. From the retrieved documents, we then systematically extracted data in an iterative process, and summarised these narratively by applying qualitative content analyses.

Results
Our search retrieved the following key components of CAMH strategies: awareness-raising activities, prevention/promotion, detection, treatment, telemedicine, care pathways, transitional psychiatry, vulnerable patient groups, user participation, infrastructure, workforce development, implementation, digital case management tools, and data acquisition/research. Recommendations for CAMH care organisation often followed a public mental health approach, with a focus on mental health promotion, cross-sectional organisation, and funding of CAMH care services. As key principles of best-practice CAMH care models, we identified increased flexibility of care settings, early intervention, and a strengths-oriented approach, with overarching mental health services research alongside.

Conclusion
In order to design robust models of CAMH care and to mitigate current shortcomings, actions on the policy level (e.g., CAMH strategy development with a focus on mental health promotion, installation of cross-sectoral governance), at the organisational level (e.g., re-organisation of treatment settings and pathways of care) and at the individual level (e.g., user involvement, workforce development) are recommended. To this purpose, we strongly advocate the use of cross-sectoral and participatory approaches for CAMH care structures with accompanying health services research.
Homogeneous oxidation of SO2 in the tail gas incinerator of sulfur recovery unit
Authors: Xi Zhao , Tong Ding , Honggang Chang , Jinjin Li 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe formation and emission of sulfur trioxide (SO3) in sulfur recovery unit has received increasing attention due to its adverse effects on the operation of plant and environment. Due to the excess oxygen, high concentration of SO2 and high temperature, SO3 formation in the sulfur recovery unit tail gas incinerator may significantly increase. A small horizontal tube reactor was employed to simulate the homogeneous oxidation of SO2 in the tail gas incinerator. The SO3 concentration was measured with a controlled condensation method at the outlet of the reactor. The present work focuses on the gas-phase chemistry and examines the impact of different combustion parameters and atmospheres on the formation of SO3 in the tail gas incinerator. Experiment results show that the increased O2 and SO2 concentrations along with increasing temperature are favorable for enhancing SO3 formation over the range of tested parameters. The presence of water vapor has an enhancing effect of SO2 oxidation in the experiments conducted. No significant effect of CO2 was found to the oxidation of SO2.
Physical activity has a more beneficial effect on the risk of all-cause mortality in patients with metabolic syndrome than in those without
Authors: Lee Chang-Hoon , Han Kyung-Do , Kwak Min-Sun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
It has not been clarified whether physical activity (PA) has more benefit in terms of health outcomes, including mortality risk, among those with metabolic syndrome (MS) compared to those without. Therefore, the aim of this study is to elucidate whether regular PA has interaction with MS on health outcomes.

Methods
Participants with no underlying cardiovascular diseases who underwent national health screening in 2009 were included. According to the metabolic equivalent (MET)-minutes/week, the amount of PA among the participants was grouped as follows: Group 1 (0 MET-minutes/week), Group 2 (1–499), Group 3 (500–999), Group 4 (1000–1499), and Group 5 (≥ 1500). Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were applied to evaluate the impacts of the amount of PA on health outcomes among those with and without MS. Health outcomes included all-cause mortality and incident cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).

Results
Of 9,628,109 total participants, 335,970 deaths occurred during a median 8.3-year follow-up. After adjustment for age, sex, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and body mass index, the higher the PA amount was, the lower the risk of all-cause mortality in both those with MS [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) compared with Group 1, 0.86 (95% CI 0.85, 0.87) in Group 2; 0.82 (95% CI 0.81, 0.83) in Group 3; 0.75 (95% CI 0.74, 0.77) in Group 4; and 0.78 (95% CI 0.76, 0.80) in Group 5; P for trend < 0.001] and those without MS [aHR compared with Group 1, 0.87 (95% CI 0.86, 0.88) in Group 2; 0.84 (95% CI 0.83, 0.85) in Group 3, 0.79 (95% CI 0.78, 0.80) in Group 4, and 0.82 (95% CI 0.81, 0.84) in Group 5; P for trend < 0.001]. The beneficial effects of the amount of PA on all-cause mortality were larger among those with MS than among those without MS in a multiplicative interaction (P for interaction < 0.001). The results were similar in the analysis of the relationship between the PA amount and incident CVD.

Conclusions
More PA was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality, which was more prominent in those with MS than in those without MS. Physicians should emphasize more the importance of PA in patients with MS.
Deep learning-based segmentation of multisite disease in ovarian cancer
Authors: Buddenkotte Thomas , Rundo Leonardo , Woitek Ramona , Escudero Sanchez Lorena , Beer Lucian , Crispin-Ortuzar Mireia , Etmann Christian , Mukherjee Subhadip , Bura Vlad , McCague Cathal , Sahin Hilal , Pintican Roxana , Zerunian Marta , Allajbeu Iris , Singh Naveena , Sahdev Anju , Havrilesky Laura , Cohn David E. , Bateman Nicholas W. , Conrads Thomas P. , Darcy Kathleen M. , Maxwell G. Larry , Freymann John B. , Öktem Ozan , Brenton James D. , Sala Evis , Schönlieb Carola-Bibiane 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To determine if pelvic/ovarian and omental lesions of ovarian cancer can be reliably segmented on computed tomography (CT) using fully automated deep learning-based methods.

Methods
A deep learning model for the two most common disease sites of high-grade serous ovarian cancer lesions (pelvis/ovaries and omentum) was developed and compared against the well-established “no-new-Net” framework and unrevised trainee radiologist segmentations. A total of 451 CT scans collected from four different institutions were used for training (n = 276), evaluation (n = 104) and testing (n = 71) of the methods. The performance was evaluated using the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and compared using a Wilcoxon test.

Results
Our model outperformed no-new-Net for the pelvic/ovarian lesions in cross-validation, on the evaluation and test set by a significant margin (p values being 4 × 10–7, 3 × 10–4, 4 × 10–2, respectively), and for the omental lesions on the evaluation set (p = 1 × 10–3). Our model did not perform significantly differently in segmenting pelvic/ovarian lesions (p = 0.371) compared to a trainee radiologist. On an independent test set, the model achieved a DSC performance of 71 ± 20 (mean ± standard deviation) for pelvic/ovarian and 61 ± 24 for omental lesions.

Conclusion
Automated ovarian cancer segmentation on CT scans using deep neural networks is feasible and achieves performance close to a trainee-level radiologist for pelvic/ovarian lesions.

Relevance statement
Automated segmentation of ovarian cancer may be used by clinicians for CT-based volumetric assessments and researchers for building complex analysis pipelines.

Key points
• The first automated approach for pelvic/ovarian and omental ovarian cancer lesion segmentation on CT images has been presented.
• Automated segmentation of ovarian cancer lesions can be comparable with manual segmentation of trainee radiologists.
• Careful hyperparameter tuning can provide models significantly outperforming strong state-of-the-art baselines.

Graphical Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 induced urinary tract infection in an infant: a rare case
Authors: Habib Murad , Ahmed Mansoor , Raza Rafi , Babar Sibghatullah , Chaudhary Muhammad Amjad 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
The incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pediatric population is less than 7% that too when associated with a urinary tract infection, the presentation is very rare. There have been numerous case reports in adults and adolescent population but very few in pediatrics and none in our socioeconomic.

Case presentation
We present here the case of a 1-year-old boy with SARS-CoV-2 induced urinary tract infection whose urine biochemistry showed severe urinary tract infection but no hematuria. His COVID-PCR was positive. His chest radiograph showed bilateral lung infiltrates with peri-hilar lymphadenopathy. His computerized tomography scan showed infiltrates with lung fibrosis. He was admitted to the isolation ward, successfully managed, and discharged home after 5 days of in-hospital treatment.

Conclusion
Pediatricians and pediatric emergency physicians should be vigilant and well aware of the atypical presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection in infants and children, as they can present with both gastrointestinal and renal manifestations. And once missed, the patient may end up with devastating complications.
Patients Age 40 Years and Younger With Multiple Myeloma Have the Same Prognosis as Older Patients: An Analysis of Real-World Patients' Evidence From Latin America
Authors: Martínez-Cordero Humberto , Peña Camila , Schutz Natalia Paola , Bove Virginia , Villano Fiorella , Beltran Cecilia , Donoso Javiera , López-Vidal Hernán , Roa Salinas Macarena Alejandra , Soto Pablo , Ochoa Paola , Duarte Patricio , Remaggi Guillermina , Corzo Ariel , Shanley Claudia , Lopresti Sergio , Orlando Sergio , Verri Verónica , Quiroga Luis Darío , Fantl Dorotea , Ramirez Jhoanna , Ospina-Idárraga Alejandro , Idrobo Henry , Quintero Guillermo , Gomez Rigoberto , Cantú-Martínez Omar , Gomez-Almaguer David , Ruiz-Arguelles Guillermo J. , Galvez-Cárdenas Kenny Mauricio , Salazar Luis Antonio , Novoa-Caicedo Isabella , Fuentes-Lacouture María Cynthia , Spirko Paola , Arbeláez María Isabel , Pereira Mario , Valdes Jaime , Vasquez Jule , von Glasenapp Alana , Riva Eloísa ,   on behalf of GELAMM (Grupo de Estudio Latinoamericano de Mieloma Múltiple)
Published: December 2023

PURPOSE Multiple myeloma (MM) is a highly heterogeneous, incurable disease most frequently diagnosed in the elderly. Therefore, data on clinical characteristics and outcomes in the very young population are scarce. PATIENTS AND METHODS We analyzed clinical characteristics, response to treatment, and survival in 103 patients with newly diagnosed MM age 40 years or younger compared with 256 patients age 41-50 years and 957 patients age 51 years or older. RESULTS There were no statistical differences in sex, isotype, International Scoring System, renal involvement, hypercalcemia, anemia, dialysis, bony lesions, extramedullary disease, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The most used regimen in young patients was cyclophosphamide, bortezomib, dexamethasone, followed by cyclophosphamide, thalidomide, dexamethasone and bortezomib, thalidomide, dexamethasone. Of the patients age 40 years or younger, only 53% received autologous stem-cell transplant (ASCT) and 71.1% received maintenance. There were no differences in overall survival (OS) in the three patient cohorts. In the multivariate analysis, only high LDH, high cytogenetic risk, and ASCT were statistically associated with survival. CONCLUSION In conclusion, younger patients with MM in Latin America have similar clinical characteristics, responses, and OS compared with the elderly.