bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Datamining approaches for examining the low prevalence of N‐acetylglutamate synthase deficiency and understanding transcriptional regulation of urea cycle genes
Authors: Caldovic Ljubica , Ahn Julie J. , Andricovic Jacklyn , Balick Veronica M. , Brayer Mallory , Chansky Pamela A. , Dawson Tyson , Edwards Alex C. , Felsen Sara E. , Ismat Karim , Jagannathan Sveta V. , Mann Brendan T. , Medina Jacob A. , Morizono Toshio , Morizono Michio , Salameh Shatha , Vashist Neerja , Williams Emily C. , Zhou Zhe , Morizono Hiroki 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAmmonia, which is toxic to the brain, is converted into non‐toxic urea, through a pathway of six enzymatically catalyzed steps known as the urea cycle. In this pathway, N‐acetylglutamate synthase (NAGS, EC 2.3.1.1) catalyzes the formation of N‐acetylglutamate (NAG) from glutamate and acetyl coenzyme A. NAGS deficiency (NAGSD) is the rarest of the urea cycle disorders, yet is unique in that ureagenesis can be restored with the drug N‐carbamylglutamate (NCG). We investigated whether the rarity of NAGSD could be due to low sequence variation in the NAGS genomic region, high NAGS tolerance for amino acid replacements, and alternative sources of NAG and NCG in the body. We also evaluated whether the small genomic footprint of the NAGS catalytic domain might play a role. The small number of patients diagnosed with NAGSD could result from the absence of specific disease biomarkers and/or short NAGS catalytic domain. We screened for sequence variants in NAGS regulatory regions in patients suspected of having NAGSD and found a novel NAGS regulatory element in the first intron of the NAGS gene. We applied the same datamining approach to identify regulatory elements in the remaining urea cycle genes. In addition to the known promoters and enhancers of each gene, we identified several novel regulatory elements in their upstream regions and first introns. The identification of cis‐regulatory elements of urea cycle genes and their associated transcription factors holds promise for uncovering shared mechanisms governing urea cycle gene expression and potentially leading to new treatments for urea cycle disorders.
Optimising image quality in intravenous cerebral cone beam computed tomography
Authors: Broadley Lisa , Erskine Brendan , Marshall Elissa , Ewert Kyle , Picker Bjoern 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe efficacy of intravenous cerebral Cone Beam Computed Tomography (IV CBCT) is well established; however, image quality has only ever been authenticated by subjective evaluation. The aim of this study was to quantify the factors pertinent to achieving consistent and optimal image quality when performing IV CBCT.MethodsBetween 1 March 2021 and 30 October 2022, 79 patients received IV CBCT. These candidates were divided into three main acquisition field size categories (22/32, 42 and 48 cm) according to the clinical indication. The images were analysed using both a quantitative assessment and a subjective evaluation. Here, a comparison of Hounsfield units (HUs), signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) and noise index was conducted for each study and compared relative to the acquisition field size. The subjective analysis was performed in a non‐blinded fashion where the diagnostic value (DV) of the exam was determined according to a graded scale. A phantom analysis for each of the acquisition field sizes was conducted and modulation transfer function (MTF) graphed.ResultsSignificantly higher HU, SNR, CNR and lower noise indices were achieved with the 42‐cm protocol than the 22/32 and 48‐cm protocols. Here a greater DV was also reported. The MTF demonstrates marginally improved spatial resolution for the 22‐cm protocol, but this is near equivocal for the 32‐, 42 and 48‐cm protocols.ConclusionThe use of larger acquisition field sizes provides improved image quality when performing IV CBCT as an alternative to intra‐arterial (IA) CBCT.
Validation of a Portuguese version of the multidimensional measure of employability
Authors: Gamboa Vítor , Carvalho Catarina Luzia de , Soares Joana , Rodrigues Suzi , Taveira Maria do Céu , Silva Ana Daniela 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study describes the validity and reliability evidence of the multidimensional measure of employability (MME) based on the internal structure and relations to career self‐efficacy and career success. Two hundred forty seven Portuguese persons (75.7% women) aged from 21–73 years old (M = 39.9, SD = 10.9) participated. Confirmatory factor analysis suggested adequate fit in the correlational and hierarchical models. Measurement reliability was good for total score and each factor. Correlations with the additional measures provided evidence of validity. MME provides a tool for research and career counseling, enabling comprehensive employability assessment and personalized interventions, while recognising the interplay between employability dimensions.
Impact of malnutrition on cancer recurrence, colorectal cancer‐specific death, and non‐colorectal cancer‐related death in patients with colorectal cancer who underwent curative surgery
Authors: Nakamura Yuya , Kawase Makoto , Kawabata Yusuke , Kanto Satoshi , Yamaura Tadayoshi , Kinjo Yousuke , Ogo Yasumasa , Kuroda Nobukazu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimThis study aimed to examine how malnutrition, as reflected by the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), is associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) recurrence and cause of death.MethodsConsecutive stage I‐III CRC patients (n = 601) were divided into two groups using GNRI 98 as the cutoff. The relationship of GNRI with overall survival (OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) was evaluated, followed by competing risk analysis to determine prognostic factors of non‐CRC‐related death, and hazard function analysis to examine changes in the risk of recurrence and death.ResultsMedian body mass index was lower in the low GNRI group than in the high GNRI group (19.8 vs. 23.5; p < 0.001). After adjusting for known prognostic factors, a low GNRI was independently associated with reduced OS/RFS, and was a significant predictor of non‐CRC‐related death. The risk of recurrence was higher and peaked earlier in the low GNRI group than in the high GNRI group, although after 3 years, both groups had a similar risk. Meanwhile, the low GNRI group had a higher risk of non‐CRC‐related death over the course of 5 years.ConclusionIt is important to consider preoperative nutritional status along with the cancer stage when developing strategies to improve outcomes for CRC patients.
Real‐life case‐series experience with tralokinumab in patients with severe atopic dermatitis
Authors: Caroppo Francesca , Belloni Fortina Anna 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory chronic recurrent skin condition that causes recurrent, itching eczematous lesions with a great impact on the quality of life of patients. We describe a case series of five adult patients with severe AD (Eczema Area Severity Index [EASI] ≥24) treated with tralokinumab. Tralokinumab is a monoclonal antibody that specifically binds IL‐13 with high affinity, blocking the interaction of IL‐13 with its specific receptors and neutralising its biological activity. Tralokinumab was recently approved for the treatment of moderate‐to‐severe AD in adults. In these patients, several conventional topical and systemic treatments (such as UV‐B phototherapy, systemic cyclosporine and dupilumab) had been previously tried. Three patients reported severe conjunctivitis during the previous treatment with dupilumab and one patient had not a good clinical response to dupilumab, as this treatment was stopped. Therefore, treatment with tralokinumab as a subcutaneous injection at an initial dose of 600 mg followed by 300 mg administered every other week was started. The severity of AD was assessed at baseline, Week 12 and Week 20 using several clinical scores (EASI, SCOring Atopic Dermatitis, Itch score, Dermatology Life Quality Index). All patients achieved clinical remission with a significant clinical improvement of itching and eczema in all body areas, assessed with several clinical scores; furthermore, no adverse events were reported during the observation period. During the treatment with tralokinumab, one patient was also infected by the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus, reporting mild clinical symptoms of the upper respiratory tract. These symptoms spontaneously resolved in 2 days with no medications. Although additional real‐world data are certainly required about the efficacy and safety of tralokinumab, the prospects of new drugs for the long‐term treatment of moderate‐to‐severe AD represent a great opportunity for these patients, which had very few therapeutic options until now.
Factors Influencing Delay in Diagnosis of Head and Neck Cancer in Rwanda
Authors: Nteyumwete Hirwa , Civantos Alyssa M. , Stanford‐Moore Gaelen B. , Yau Jenny , Tuyishimire Gratien , Umutoni Josiane , Nyabyenda Victor , Ncogoza Isaie , Shaye David A. 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveHead and neck cancer is a significant contributor to global otolaryngologic disease burden, with a disproportionate impact on low‐ and middle‐income countries. This study investigates the factors contributing to delays in head and neck cancer diagnosis at the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali (CHUK).MethodsCross‐sectional study of all patients with a pathologic diagnosis of head and neck cancer presenting to CHUK between January 2021 and June 2022. Sociodemographic data, tumor characteristics, and reasons for delay were collected. Univariate and multivariable analyses were undertaken to evaluate risk factors for delays.ResultsEighty‐one patients met criteria for inclusion. Median duration from patient first reported symptoms to initial medical consultation was 52 weeks, from initial medical consultation to referral to CHUK was 4 weeks, and from referral to final pathologic diagnosis was 6 weeks. The most common reason for delay to referral to CHUK was financial (37.04%). Patients who visited traditional healers had higher odds of delay between symptom onset and medical consultation (OR 3.51, CI 1.05–11.70). Delays in final diagnosis after referral were most commonly due to OR availability for biopsy (37.04%) and time for pathology results after biopsy (35.80%). OR availability had a significant impact on duration to final diagnosis (OR 59.48, CI 7.17–493.67). Stage 4 disease had the shortest time to final diagnosis (OR 0.05, CI 0.01–0.45).ConclusionUnderstanding the reasons for delayed diagnosis of head and neck cancer may help guide improvements in care, with the goal of reducing global head and neck burden of disease.Level of Evidence3; prospective non‐random follow‐up study Laryngoscope, 134:1663–1669, 2024
The contribution of intraspecific variation to future climate responses of brown algae
Authors: Li Jing‐Jing , Liu Zheng‐Yi , Song Wang‐Hui , Qin Song 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntraspecific variation, which may arise through the interplay between environmental heterogeneity and adaptive variation, has consequences for the resilience of species to climate change. Here, we revealed the levels of intraspecific genomic variation and its causes in a widespread brown alga (Sargassum horneri). Our datasets included both benthic and floating samples from 20 populations sampled along a latitudinal gradient in the Chinese marginal seas. We prepared two datasets: 1) 4628 filtered single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for all samples, and 2) 20,735 filtered SNPs for only benthic samples. We conducted genotype‐environment association analyses and outlier tests to identify adaptive loci for each dataset. Both neutral and adaptive SNPs revealed a deep genetic split between benthic populations in the North Yellow Sea (NYS) and East China Sea. Redundancy analysis demonstrated that temperature is a major factor driving adaptive divergence of benthic populations. Predictions of the lineage‐level species distribution model revealed severe habitat loss of S. horneri in the NYS and eastern coasts of Korea under RCP8.5 in the 2100 s; however, the low‐latitude boundary remained stable. Based on these results, we speculate that low‐latitude populations may have high resilience to global warming. The dispersal routes of floating samples were determined by coastal currents; however, restricted gene flow between regions was detected. Thus, we speculate that opportunities for the recovery of depleted populations through natural gene flow may be limited. This study highlights the importance of applying conservation strategies (e.g., assisted gene flow) to protect coastal species from local extinction in the future.
Efficient Blue–Violet Phosphor with Small Stokes‐Shift for Full‐Spectrum Lighting
Authors: Shao Yuhe , Cai Hao , Zhao Fangyi , Song Zhen , Liu Quanlin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBlue–violet phosphor is an essential component to realize full spectrum lighting on the basis of commercial 365 nm N‐UV chip excitation. However, its development falls behind since the phosphor with small stokes‐shift (ΔS) is hard to realize. Herein, a new blue–violet phosphor SrSc4Si5O17:Ce3+ with small ΔS (∼30 nm) is presented. SrSc4Si5O17:Ce3+ emits bright blue–violet luminescence peaking at 390 nm, and the internal/external quantum efficiency can reach 73.4%/50.4% under 365 nm excitation. The unique luminescence performance of the phosphor is related closely to its crystal structure. The host‐referred bind energy (HRBE) diagram is also successfully constructed to illustrate its thermal quenching behavior. Finally, the packaged white light‐emitting diodes based on the 365 nm N‐UV chip, SrSc4Si5O17:Ce3+, and other high‐performance phosphors have an ultra‐high color rendering index (Ra = 95.9), indicating that SrSc4Si5O17:Ce3+ is a potential candidate for various applications, including indoor healthy lighting and agricultural lighting.
Miniaturized low‐profile ultra‐wideband circularly polarized archimedes spiral antenna backed by an AMC reflector
Authors: Huang Jiahui , Wang Yi , Chen Kang , Cao Qunsheng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA low‐profile ultra‐wideband (UWB) circularly polarized antenna is proposed in the form of a planar Archimedes spiral structure backed by an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC). To expand its bandwidth and minimize its size, the antenna is loaded with resistors and a metal ring near the end of the spiral arms. At the same time, the bidirectional beam is transformed into a unidirectional beam using the phase compensation mechanism by introducing an AMC reflector. The antenna achieves −10 dB impedance bandwidth and 3 dB AR bandwidth in 0.7 ~ 10.2 GHz (174.3%), with a height of only 0.035 wavelengths at 0.7 GHz, which shows advantages over most similar designs. Finally, the antenna is fabricated and measured to prove its effectiveness.
A dual‐band tightly arranged multiple‐input multiple‐output antenna pair for 5G mobile terminals
Authors: Li Bingying , Zhao Xing , Huang Qishen , Hu Minghao , Zhu Xinyu , Ying Haoming 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a dual‐band multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna pair for 5G cell phones. The antenna pair consists of two planar concave antenna elements that are tightly arranged on a vertical substrate. By adding capacitors to form a resonant network, an additional operating mode is excited, resulting in dual‐band performance. The resonant frequency of the additional mode can be adjusted independently by changing the capacitance value. Moreover, a neutralization line is used to improve the isolation of the high band without affecting the low band. The antenna pair occupies a small area of 13.2 × 6.3 mm2 and operates at both 3.5 and 4.85 GHz bands. The isolations are better than 17 dB at the 3.5 GHz band and better than 19 dB at the 4.85 GHz band. The proposed dual‐band antenna pair might be a good choice for 5G terminals.
The role of renal circadian biorhythms in lifelong LUTS
Authors: Hervé François , Vande Walle Johan , Raes Ann , Haddad Rebecca , Monaghan Thomas , Drake Marcus J. , Kamperis Konstantinos , Dossche Lien , Zipkin Jacob , Weiss Jeffrey , Verbakel Irina , Bou Kheir George , Everaert Karel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionThis article delves into the intricate relationship between kidney function, diuresis, and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) throughout the transitions of the human lifespan. It explores circadian regulation of urine production, maturation of renal function from birth to adulthood, and effects of aging on kidney function and LUTS. The complex connections between these factors are highlighted, offering insights into potential interventions and personalized management strategies.MethodsAn international panel of seven experts engaged in online discussions, focusing on kidney function, diuresis, and LUTS throughout life. This manuscript summarizes expert insights, literature reviews, and findings presented during a webinar and subsequent discussions.ResultsRenal function undergoes significant maturation from birth to adulthood, with changes in glomerular filtration rate, diuresis, and tubular function. A circadian rhythm in urine production is established during childhood. Adolescents and young adults can experience persistent enuresis due to lifestyle factors, comorbidities, and complex physiological changes. In older adults, age‐related alterations in kidney function disrupt the circadian rhythm of diuresis, contributing to nocturnal polyuria and LUTS.ConclusionThe interplay between kidney function, diuresis, and LUTS is crucial in understanding lifelong urinary health. Bridging the gap between pediatric and adult care is essential to address enuresis in adolescents and young adults effectively. For older adults, recognizing the impact of aging on renal function and fluid balance is vital in managing nocturia. This holistic approach provides a foundation for developing innovative interventions and personalized treatments to enhance quality of life for individuals with LUTS across all stages of life.
AI‐enhanced iterative solvers for accelerating the solution of large‐scale parametrized systems
Authors: Nikolopoulos Stefanos , Kalogeris Ioannis , Stavroulakis George , Papadopoulos Vissarion 
Published: October 2023

SummaryRecent advances in the field of machine learning open a new era in high performance computing for challenging computational science and engineering applications. In this framework, the use of advanced machine learning algorithms for the development of accurate and cost‐efficient surrogate models of complex physical processes has already attracted major attention from scientists. However, despite their powerful approximation capabilities, surrogate model predictions are still far from being near to the ‘exact’ solution of the problem. To address this issue, the present work proposes the use of up‐to‐date machine learning tools in order to equip a new generation of iterative solvers of linear equation systems, capable of very efficiently solving large‐scale parametrized problems at any desired level of accuracy. The proposed approach consists of the following two steps. At first, a reduced set of model evaluations is performed using a standard finite element methodology and the corresponding solutions are used to establish an approximate mapping from the problem's parametric space to its solution space using a combination of deep feedforward neural networks and convolutional autoencoders. This mapping serves as a means of obtaining very accurate initial predictions of the system's response to new query points at negligible computational cost. Subsequently, an iterative solver inspired by the Algebraic Multigrid method in combination with Proper Orthogonal Decomposition, termed POD‐2G, is developed that successively refines the initial predictions of the surrogate model towards the exact solution. The application of POD‐2G as a standalone solver or as preconditioner in the context of preconditioned conjugate gradient methods is demonstrated on several numerical examples of large scale systems, with the results indicating its strong superiority over conventional iterative solution schemes.
Improvement in Nasal Symptoms of Chronic Rhinitis after Cryoablation of the Posterior Nasal Nerve
Authors: Rosi‐Schumacher Mattie , Abbas Adam , Young Paul R. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the efficacy of posterior nasal nerve (PNN) cryoablation for improving the symptoms of chronic rhinitis.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingA private practice.MethodsThis study evaluated medication usage and adverse effects of in‐office PNN cryoablation with a handheld device in patients > 18 years with chronic (>6 months) allergic or nonallergic rhinitis for whom medical management failed. The total nasal symptom score (TNSS) and mini rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire (mRQLQ) scores were compared before and after treatment.ResultsThis study included 127 patients with a mean age of 52.4 ± 16.9 years; 60.6% of patients were female and 49.6% had allergic rhinitis. Mean symptom scores decreased from 5.94 (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.51‐6.43) to 3.44 (95% CI, 2.97‐3.81, P < .001) after the procedure, with clinically important decreases in 75 (59.1%) patients. For patients with baseline TNSS values of ≥4, 63.5% (66/104) had a clinically important decrease, whereas only 39.1% (9/23) of those with the lower baseline did (P = .04). Mean mRQLQ scores also decreased from 2.51 (95% CI, 2.29‐2.72) to 1.28 (95% CI, 1.20‐1.47, P < .001) after the procedure. Seventy‐eight of 273 (28.6%) medications were discontinued after the procedure. Adverse effects occurred in 18.1% (23/127) of patients with headache as the most common.ConclusionPNN cryoablation improves nasal symptoms and quality of life in patients with chronic rhinitis. Patients with a higher baseline TNSS are more likely to experience significant symptomatic improvement.
Theoretical aspects and applications of goal‐oriented reanalysis methods
Authors: Materna Daniel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this contribution, a method for goal‐oriented reanalysis is presented. The process allows predicting the change in a quantity of interest due to structural modifications (design changes), for example, the shape, the topology, material properties, and so forth. The approach is based on a goal‐oriented method using primal and dual problems. Furthermore, the procedure is easy to implement in existing finite element programs because no derivatives with respect to the design variables are necessary. The proposed method can be used in classical applications with successive design steps, such as structural optimization, reliability, or structural damage analysis. The repeated structural analysis and calculating quantities of interest involve significant computational effort. Goal‐oriented reanalysis methods can reduce the overall computational cost in the numerical simulation.