bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alzheimer's disease‐induced phagocytic microglia express a specific profile of coding and non‐coding RNAs
Authors: Scoyni Flavia , Giudice Luca , Väänänen Mari‐Anna , Downes Nicholas , Korhonen Paula , Choo Xin Yi , Välimäki Nelli‐Noora , Mäkinen Petri , Korvenlaita Nea , Rozemuller Annemieke J , de Vries Helga E , Polo Jose , Turunen Tiia A , Ylä‐Herttuala Seppo , Hansen Thomas B , Grubman Alexandra , Kaikkonen Minna U , Malm Tarja 
Published: October 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease and the main cause of dementia in the elderly. AD pathology is characterized by accumulation of microglia around the beta‐amyloid (Aβ) plaques which assumes disease‐specific transcriptional signatures, as for the disease‐associated microglia (DAM). However, the regulators of microglial phagocytosis are still unknown.METHODSWe isolated Aβ‐laden microglia from the brain of 5xFAD mice for RNA sequencing to characterize the transcriptional signature in phagocytic microglia and to identify the key non‐coding RNAs capable of regulating microglial phagocytosis. Through spatial sequencing, we show the transcriptional changes of microglia in the AD mouse brain in relation to Aβ proximity.RESULTSFinally, we show that phagocytic messenger RNAs are regulated by miR‐7a‐5p, miR‐29a‐3p and miR‐146a‐5p microRNAs and segregate the DAM population into phagocytic and non‐phagocytic states.DISCUSSIONOur study pinpoints key regulators of microglial Aβ clearing capacity suggesting new targets for future therapeutic approaches.
Eligibility Rates among Racially and Ethnically Diverse US Participants in Phase 2 and Phase 3 Placebo‐Controlled, Double‐Blind, Randomized Trials of Lecanemab and Elenbecestat in Early Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Grill Joshua D. , Flournoy Charlene , Dhadda Shobha , Ernstrom Karin , Sperling Reisa , Molina‐Henry Doris , Tranotti Kate , Harris Russell , Kanekiyo Michio , Gee Michelle , Irizarry Michael , Kramer Lynn , Aisen Paul , Raman Rema 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveMany factors contribute to inadequate diversity in Alzheimer disease (AD) clinical trials. We evaluated eligibility rates among racial and ethnic groups at US sites in large global multisite trials in early AD.MethodsUsing screening data from 4 randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trials in early AD, we assessed rates of eligibility among racial and ethnic groups controlling for other demographic covariates. Each trial incorporated positron emission tomography and/or cerebrospinal fluid to evaluate brain amyloid pathology, as well as typical eligibility criteria used in early AD trials.ResultsAcross the trials, 10,804 US participants were screened: 193 (2%) were of Hispanic ethnicity and Black race, 2,624 (25%) were of Hispanic ethnicity and White race, 118 (1%) were of non‐Hispanic ethnicity (NH) and Asian race, 696 (7%) were of NH ethnicity and Black race, and 7,017 (65%) were of NH ethnicity and White race. Data from 156 participants who did not fit into these categories were excluded. Accounting for age, sex, and trial and using NH White participants as a reference group, we observed higher probabilities of ineligibility for amyloid biomarker criteria among Hispanic Black (odds ratio [OR] = 3.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.11–4.88), Hispanic White (OR = 4.15, 95% CI = 3.58–4.83), NH Asian (OR = 2.35, 95% CI = 1.23–4.55), and NH Black (OR = 3.75, 95% CI = 2.80–5.06) participants.InterpretationDifferential eligibility may contribute to underrepresentation of some minoritized racial and ethnic groups in early AD trials. Amyloid biomarker eligibility is a requirement to confirm the diagnosis of AD and for treatment with amyloid‐lowering drugs and differed among racial and ethnic groups. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:288–298
Mechanical Effects of Elastic Crystals Driven by Natural Sunlight and Force
Authors: Peng Jiang , Han Chuchu , Zhang Xin , Jia Junhui , Bai Jiakun , Zhang Qi , Wang Yan , Xue Pengchong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFlexible crystals that can capture solar energy and convert it into mechanical energy are promising for a wide range of applications such as information storage and actuators, but obtaining them remains a challenge. Herein, an elastic crystal of a barbiturate derivative was found to be an excellent candidate, demonstrating plastic bending behavior under natural sunlight irradiation. 1H NMR and high‐resolution mass spectrum data of microcrystals before and after light irradiation demonstrated that light‐induced [2+2] cycloaddition was the driving force for the photomechanical effects. Interestingly, the crystals retained elastic bending even after light irradiation. This is the first report of flexible crystals that can be driven by natural sunlight and that have both photomechanical properties and elasticity. Furthermore, regulation of the passive light output direction of the crystals and transport of objects by applying mechanical forces and light was demonstrated.
Filter operation effects on plant‐scale microbial risk: Opportunities for enhanced treatment performance
Authors: de Brito Cruz Dafne , Brown Trevor J. , Jin Chao , Kundert Kelsey L. , Ruecker Norma J. , Ballantyne Liza , Schmidt Philip J. , Anderson William B. , Emelko Monica B. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGranular media filtration remains a critical treatment process and regulatory requirement for managing pathogenic protozoa in drinking water. It is a dynamic process in which performance inherently varies. While research has focused on characterizing or maximizing (oo)cyst removal in individual filters, the risk implications of combinations of filters moving through different phases of the filter cycle (leading to temporal variation in plant‐scale performance) have not been described. Increasing threats from climate‐change‐exacerbated landscape disturbances leading to more variable source water quality emphasize the need for such evaluations. Here, a modeling framework was developed to investigate the impacts of individual filter performance variation on plant‐scale performance. It is shown that improving maximal removal during stable operation does not necessarily improve average performance. The effect of other design and operational strategies like increasing the number of filters or implementing proactive operations (e.g., avoiding breakthrough) are analyzed, thereby providing guidance for increasing treatment resilience.
Techno‐economic learning in biorefinery research; a meta‐level perspective of three exemplary cases
Authors: Krassnitzer Paul , Wenger Julia , Stern Tobias 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe production of liquid fuels and chemicals from biomass is an essential part of establishing a bioeconomy. Numerous techno‐economic studies have been published on different pathways for processing biomass. To examine the progress made in this field, a meta‐analysis investigating three exemplary biobased products was conducted. Using recently published techno‐economic studies, the (average) unit production costs for biodiesel, cellulosic ethanol and kraft lignin were investigated. Findings in this study are based on an understanding of two phenomena: economies of scale and the learning effect. Economies of scale can be observed for each case, with kraft lignin extraction indicating the greatest cost advantages and the production of biodiesel the smallest. The investigation of potential learning effects revealed by the data yielded unexpected results: In two out of three cases, the calculated average unit production cost was observed to increase over time. These results contradict the expected influence of learning effects on calculated unit production costs as these did not decrease over time for a specific technology. A closer investigation of processing pathways and feedstocks shows that a diversification in research has occurred over the last three decades. Different driving forces of innovation related to the investigated products are also identified.
Numerical cognitive reflection, but not verbal cognitive reflection, moderates the association between trait anxiety and affective decision‐making
Authors: Li Danfeng , Wang Jianming , Ao Man 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAffective decision‐making is a decision process with significant and strong emotional consequences marked by meaningful rewards and losses. Previous studies found inconsistent results regarding whether trait anxiety hinders affective decision‐making. Also, previous studies also proved that people with lower cognitive reflection were less likely to exhibit better performance in decision‐making when compared with higher cognition reflection individuals. Using the risk‐as‐feeling hypothesis, which explicitly postulates an interaction between cognitive and affective processes in people's decision‐making, we explore whether cognitive reflection moderates the relationship between trait anxiety and affective decision‐making. Participants (N = 261) completed the standardized version of the Iowa Gambling Task, which is widely used to assess affective decision‐making, Trait Anxiety Inventory, numerical cognitive reflection test (numerical CRT), and verbal cognitive reflection test (CRT‐V). The results showed that cognitive reflection measured by the numerical CRT rather than the CRT‐V moderated the relationship between trait anxiety and affective decision‐making. Specifically, individuals with lower cognitive reflection exhibited a negative association between trait anxiety and affective decision‐making, whereas individuals with higher cognitive reflection did not exhibit a relationship between trait anxiety and cognitive reflection. The present study helps to explain how cognitive reflection and trait anxiety interact in affective decision‐making and provides guidance targeting individuals with higher trait anxiety to improve their numerical cognitive reflection ability and better address their affective decision‐making.
Understanding the brain with attention: A survey of transformers in brain sciences
Authors: Chen Cheng , Wang Huilin , Chen Yunqing , Yin Zihan , Yang Xinye , Ning Huansheng , Zhang Qian , Li Weiguang , Xiao Ruoxiu , Zhao Jizong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOwing to their superior capabilities and advanced achievements, Transformers have gradually attracted attention with regard to understanding complex brain processing mechanisms. This study aims to comprehensively review and discuss the applications of Transformers in brain sciences. First, we present a brief introduction of the critical architecture of Transformers. Then, we overview and analyze their most relevant applications in brain sciences, including brain disease diagnosis, brain age prediction, brain anomaly detection, semantic segmentation, multi‐modal registration, functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) modeling, Electroencephalogram (EEG) processing, and multi‐task collaboration. We organize the model details and open sources for reference and replication. In addition, we discuss the quantitative assessments, model complexity, and optimization of Transformers, which are topics of great concern in the field. Finally, we explore possible future challenges and opportunities, exploiting some concrete and recent cases to provoke discussion and innovation. We hope that this review will stimulate interest in further research on Transformers in the context of brain sciences.
Multifunctional composite designs for structural energy storage
Authors: Nie Bo , Lim Jonghan , Liu Tengxiao , Kovalenko Ilya , Guo Kaixuan , Liang Junfei , Zhu Jian , Sun Hongtao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractStructural batteries have emerged as a promising alternative to address the limitations inherent in conventional battery technologies. They offer the potential to integrate energy storage functionalities into stationary constructions as well as mobile vehicles/planes. The development of multifunctional composites presents an effective avenue to realize the structural plus concept, thereby mitigating inert weight while enhancing energy storage performance beyond the material level, extending to cell‐ and system‐level attributes. Specifically, multifunctional composites within structural batteries can serve the dual roles of functional composite electrodes for charge storage and structural composites for mechanical load‐bearing. However, the implementation of these multifunctional composites faces a notable challenge in simultaneously realizing mechanical properties and energy storage performance due to the unstable interfaces. In this review, we first introduce recent research developments pertaining to electrodes, electrolytes, separators, and interface engineering, all tailored to structure plus composites for structure batteries. Then, we summarize the mechanical and electrochemical characterizations in this context. We also discuss the reinforced multifunctional composites for different structures and battery configurations and conclude with a perspective on future opportunities. The knowledge synthesized in this review contributes to the realization of efficient and durable energy storage systems seamlessly integrated into structural components.
Probing interfacial electrochemistry by in situ atomic force microscope for battery characterization
Authors: Wang Manman , Song Zhibo , Bi Jinxin , Li Huanxin , Xu Ming , Gong Yi , Zhou Yundong , Zhao Yunlong , Yang Kai 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have been widely used in electric vehicles and energy storage industries. An understanding of the reaction processes and degradation mechanism in LIBs is crucial for optimizing their performance. In situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) as a surface‐sensitive tool has been applied in the real‐time monitoring of the interfacial processes within lithium batteries. Here, we reviewed the recent progress of the application of in situ AFM for battery characterizations, including LIBs, lithium–sulfur batteries, and lithium–oxygen batteries. We summarized advances in the in situ AFM for recording electrode/electrolyte interface, mechanical properties, morphological changes, and surface evolution. Future directions of in situ AFM for the development of lithium batteries were also discussed in this review.
The effects of the chemical modification on immobilized lipase features are affected by the enzyme crowding in the support
Authors: Abellanas‐Perez Pedro , Carballares Diego , Rocha‐Martin Javier , Fernandez‐Lafuente Roberto 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this article, we have analyzed the interactions between enzyme crowding on a given support and its chemical modification (ethylenediamine modification via the carbodiimide route and picryl sulfonic (TNBS) modification of the primary amino groups) on the enzyme activity and stability. Lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL) and lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB) were immobilized on octyl‐agarose beads at two very different enzyme loadings, one of them exceeding the capacity of the support, one well under this capacity. Chemical modifications of the highly loaded and lowly loaded biocatalysts gave very different results in terms of activity and stability, which could increase or decrease enzyme activity depending on the enzyme support loading. For example, both lowly loaded biocatalysts increased their activity after modification while the effect was the opposite for the highly loaded biocatalysts. Additionally, the modification with TNBS of highly loaded CALB biocatalyst increased its stability while decrease the activity.
Who cares? Effects of gendered self‐perceptions on dropout intentions in communal degree programs
Authors: Olsen Marte , Parks‐Stamm Elizabeth J. , Lund Ingvild Marie Hansen , Martiny Sarah E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGlobal population aging trends create an increased need for educated workers in the health domain. At the same time, communal degree programs (i.e., health care and early education [HEE]) show high dropout rates—particularly for men. Extending person‐environment fit theory and the lack of fit model, we investigate whether students' (gendered) self‐perceptions relate to perceived fit and whether fit is associated with their sense of belonging to the degree program and dropout intentions. We conducted an online experiment with 298 Norwegian students enrolled in HEE degree programs (66 men, 232 women; Mage = 25.32, SD = 6.08). We experimentally manipulated the importance of communal versus neutral traits in communal occupations. The manipulation showed no effects on students' perceived fit or sense of belonging. However, students' gender was significantly related to their communal self‐perceptions. Male students perceived themselves as less communal, and this perception was associated with lower perceived fit. Lower perceived fit was associated with a lower sense of belonging and higher dropout intentions. Our findings indicate that gender differences in communal self‐perceptions exist even among students in communal degree programs, and that this difference in perceived communality may contribute to the higher dropout rates of male students.
Environmental Feasibility Analysis for the Acrylonitrile Production from Glycerol
Authors: Musse Neto Guilherme João , Braga Eduardo Ramos , Pontes Luiz Antônio Magalhães 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAcrylonitrile is a monomer traded as a commodity on the global market with applications in several industrial sectors, produced from the ammoxidation of propylene. New technological alternatives are being studied, reducing the use of petroleum derivatives through renewable raw materials. This article proposes the application of the life cycle assessment technique for acrylonitrile production from glycerol, with the objective of evaluating the environmental impacts generated in the process. The results demonstrated that the use of glycerol from the state of Mato Grosso can reduce consumption of fossil fuel and water by 45 % and 31 %, respectively. The results about greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions were little significant when replacing the raw material.
Modular Synthesis of Multi‐substituted Cyclobutanones Enabled by Oxyallyl Cations†
Authors: Wang Meng , Wang Zhonggui , Lu Ping 
Published: October 2023

Comprehensive SummaryStereoselective synthesis of multi‐substituted cyclobutanes with different substituents is still a daunting challenge in organic synthesis. We report here a practical and facile approach to synthesizing all‐trans 2,3,4‐trisubstituted cyclobutanones from readily available dichlorocyclobutanones. The substitution reaction proceeds smoothly via oxyallyl cation intermediates under mild basic conditions. Further transformation to the synthesis of 1,2,3,4‐tetrasubstituted cyclobutanes was also explored.
Antennapedia: The complexity of a master developmental transcription factor
Authors: Rosales‐Vega Marco , Reséndez‐Pérez Diana , Vázquez Martha 
Published: October 2023

SummaryHox genes encode transcription factors that play an important role in establishing the basic body plan of animals. In Drosophila, Antennapedia is one of the five genes that make up the Antennapedia complex (ANT‐C). Antennapedia determines the identity of the second thoracic segment, known as the mesothorax. Misexpression of Antennapedia at different developmental stages changes the identity of the mesothorax, including the muscles, nervous system, and cuticle. In Drosophila, Antennapedia has two distinct promoters highly regulated throughout development by several transcription factors. Antennapedia proteins are found with other transcription factors in different ANTENNAPEDIA transcriptional complexes to regulate multiple subsets of target genes. In this review, we describe the different mechanisms that regulate the expression and function of Antennapedia and the role of this Hox gene in the development of Drosophila.
Estimating effective survey duration in camera trap distance sampling surveys
Authors: Kühl Hjalmar S. , Buckland Stephen T. , Henrich Maik , Howe Eric , Heurich Marco 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAmong other approaches, camera trap distance sampling (CTDS) is used to estimate animal abundance from unmarked populations. It was formulated for videos and observation distances are measured at predetermined ‘snapshot moments’. Surveys recording still images with passive infrared motion sensors suffer from frequent periods where animals are not photographed, either because of technical delays before the camera can be triggered again (i.e. ‘camera recovery time’) or because they remain stationary and do not immediately retrigger the camera following camera recovery time (i.e. ‘retrigger delays’). These effects need to be considered when calculating temporal survey effort to avoid downwardly biased abundance estimates. Here, we extend the CTDS model for passive infrared motion sensor recording of single images or short photo series. We propose estimating ‘mean time intervals between triggers’ as combined mean camera recovery time and mean retrigger delays from the time interval distribution of pairs of consecutive pictures, using a Gamma and Exponential function, respectively. We apply the approach to survey data on red deer, roe deer and wild boar. Mean time intervals between triggers were very similar when estimated empirically and when derived from the model‐based approach. Depending on truncation times (i.e. the time interval between consecutive pictures beyond which data are discarded) and species, we estimated mean time intervals between retriggers between 8.28 and 15.05 s. Using a predefined snapshot interval, not accounting for these intervals, would lead to underestimated density by up to 96% due to overestimated temporal survey effort. The proposed approach is applicable to any taxa surveyed with camera traps. As programming of cameras to record still images is often preferred over video recording due to reduced consumption of energy and memory, we expect this approach to find broad application, also for other camera trap methods than CTDS.
Does the fertile island effect in tamarisk nebkhas enhance in the northern Tarim Basin in the context of global warming?
Authors: Yin Chuanhua , Shi Qiumei , Zhou Yangming , Zhang Ke 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWith the intensification of global warming, uncertainty regarding ecosystem evolution trends in drylands has increased. The objective of this article was to test whether the desertification process of tamarisk shrubland was intensified by comparing fertile island effects and soil ecological stoichiometry characteristics at different time periods. The tamarisk shrubland in the “shrubland” and “shrub duneland” stages in the northern Tarim Basin was selected, and soil samples were collected from the tamarisk nabkhas and from the interspaces between tamarisk nebkhas at the 0‐ to 30‐cm soil layers in 2009 and 2018. Soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorous (P) were analyzed, and the C/N, C/P, and N/P ratios were calculated. In comparison with 2009, fertile island effects were completely collapsed in the shrub duneland stage, with no obvious changes in the shrubland stage in 2018. The average soil C/N ratio decreased from a value greater than 25 in both stages. The average value of soil C/P ratio was below 200 in the shrubland and shrub duneland stages, with almost no marked change after nine years. The soil N/P ratio in our study significantly increased in 2018 than in 2009, but the soil N/P ratio was still much less than 11.9. Significantly positive correlations were observed between the relative interaction index (RII) of soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil total nitrogen (TN) and the soil C/P and N/P ratios in the tamarisk nebkhas. These results suggested that (1) fertile island effects were positive in relation to soil stoichiometry in tamarisk nebkhas in most cases; (2) the desertification process was accelerated in the shrub duneland stage, with no obvious progress during the shrubland stage; and (3) the loss of soil C from the collapsed fertile islands could therefore accelerate global warming.