bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pressure dependent structure of amorphous magnesium aluminosilicates: The effect of replacing magnesia by alumina at the enstatite composition
Authors: Mohammadi Hesameddin , Zeidler Anita , Youngman Randall E. , Fischer Henry E. , Salmon Philip S. 
Published: February 2024

The effect of replacing magnesia by alumina on the pressure-dependent structure of amorphous enstatite was investigated by applying in situ high-pressure neutron diffraction with magnesium isotope substitution to glassy (MgO)0.375(Al2O3)0.125(SiO2)0.5. The replacement leads to a factor of 2.4 increase in the rate-of-change of the Mg–O coordination number with pressure, which increases from 4.76(4) at ambient pressure to 6.51(4) at 8.2 GPa, and accompanies a larger probability of magnesium finding bridging oxygen atoms as nearest-neighbors. The Al–O coordination number increases from 4.17(7) to 5.24(8) over the same pressure interval at a rate that increases when the pressure is above ∼3.5 GPa. On recovering the glass to ambient conditions, the Mg–O and Al–O coordination numbers reduce to 5.32(4) and 4.42(6), respectively. The Al–O value is in accordance with the results from solid-state 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, which show the presence of six-coordinated aluminum species that are absent in the uncompressed material. These findings explain the appearance of distinct pressure-dependent structural transformation regimes in the preparation of permanently densified magnesium aluminosilicate glasses. They also indicate an anomalous minimum in the pressure dependence of the bulk modulus with an onset that suggests a pressure-dependent threshold for transitioning between scratch-resistant and crack-resistant material properties.
Einstein–Stokes relation for small bubbles at the nanoscale
Authors: Zhou Youbin , Huang Mengyuan , Tian Falin , Shi Xinghua , Zhang Xianren 
Published: February 2024

As the physicochemical properties of ultrafine bubble systems are governed by their size, it is crucial to determine the size and distribution of such bubble systems. At present, the size or size distribution of nanometer-sized bubbles in suspension is often measured by either dynamic light scattering or the nanoparticle tracking analysis. Both techniques determine the bubble size via the Einstein–Stokes equation based on the theory of the Brownian motion. However, it is not yet clear to which extent the Einstein–Stokes equation is applicable for such ultrafine bubbles. In this work, using atomic molecular dynamics simulation, we evaluate the applicability of the Einstein–Stokes equation for gas nanobubbles with a diameter less than 10 nm, and for a comparative analysis, both vacuum nanobubbles and copper nanoparticles are also considered. The simulation results demonstrate that the diffusion coefficient for rigid nanoparticles in water is found to be highly consistent with the Einstein–Stokes equation, with slight deviation only found for nanoparticle with a radius less than 1 nm. For nanobubbles, including both methane and vacuum nanobubbles, however, large deviation from the Einstein–Stokes equation is found for the bubble radius larger than 3 nm. The deviation is attributed to the deformability of large nanobubbles that leads to a cushioning effect for collision-induced bubble diffusion.
Broad luminescence from Zn acceptors in Zn doped β-Ga2O3
Authors: Hommedal Ylva K. , Frodason Ymir K. , Galeckas Augustinas , Vines Lasse , Johansen Klaus Magnus H. 
Published: February 2024

Zn-related defects in β-Ga2O3 were studied using photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy combined with hybrid functional calculations and secondary ion mass spectrometry. We have in-diffused Zn by heat treatments of β-Ga2O3 in Zn vapor to promote the formation of the ZnGaZni complex as the dominating Zn configuration. Subsequently, we did heat treatment in oxygen ambient to study the dissociation of the donor complex ZnGaZni into the ZnGa acceptor. The PL spectra revealed a broad band centered at 2.5 eV. The signature has a minor contribution to the overall emission of as-grown and Zn-annealed samples but increases dramatically upon the subsequent heat treatments. The theoretical predictions from hybrid functional calculation show emission energies of 2.1 and 2.3 eV for ZnGa10/− and ZnGa20/−, respectively, and given that the previously observed deviation between the experimental and calculated values for the self-trapped holes in β-Ga2O3 is about 0.2 eV, we conclude that the 2.5 eV emission we observe herein is due to the Zn acceptor.
Robust unfolding of MeV x-ray spectra from filter stack spectrometer data
Authors: Wong C.-S. , Strehlow J. , Broughton D. P. , Luedtke S. V. , Huang C.-K. , Bogale A. , Fitzgarrald R. , Nedbailo R. , Schmidt J. L. , Schmidt T. R. , Twardowski J. , Van Pelt A. , Alvarez M. Alvarado , Junghans A. , Mix L. T. , Reinovsky R. E. , Rusby D. R. , Wang Z. , Wolfe B. , Albright B. J. , Batha S. H. , Palaniyappan S. 
Published: February 2024

We present an inversion method capable of robustly unfolding MeV x-ray spectra from filter stack spectrometer (FSS) data without requiring an a priori specification of a spectral shape or arbitrary termination of the algorithm. Our inversion method is based upon the perturbative minimization (PM) algorithm, which has previously been shown to be capable of unfolding x-ray transmission data, albeit for a limited regime in which the x-ray mass attenuation coefficient of the filter material increases monotonically with x-ray energy. Our inversion method improves upon the PM algorithm through regular smoothing of the candidate spectrum and by adding stochasticity to the search. With these additions, the inversion method does not require a physics model for an initial guess, fitting, or user-selected termination of the search. Instead, the only assumption made by the inversion method is that the x-ray spectrum should be near a smooth curve. Testing with synthetic data shows that the inversion method can successfully recover the primary large-scale features of MeV x-ray spectra, including the number of x-rays in energy bins of several-MeV widths to within 10%. Fine-scale features, however, are more difficult to recover accurately. Examples of unfolding experimental FSS data obtained at the Texas Petawatt Laser Facility and the OMEGA EP laser facility are also presented.
Deprotonated sulfamic acid and its homodimers: Does sulfamic acid adopt zwitterion during cluster growth?
Authors: Hu Zhubin , Shao Qiaoqiao , Li Zhipeng , Sun Zhenrong , Wang Xue-Bin , Sun Haitao 
Published: February 2024

We present a joint experimental and computational study on the geometric and electronic structures of deprotonated sulfamic acid (SA) clusters [(SA)n–H]− (n = 1, 2) employing negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy and high-level ab initio calculations. The photoelectron spectra provide the vertical/adiabatic detachment energy (VDE/ADE) of the sulfamate anion (SM−) H2N●SO3− at 4.85 ± 0.05 and 4.58 ± 0.08 eV, respectively, and the VDE and ADE of the SM−●SA dimer at 6.41 ± 0.05 and 5.87 ± 0.08 eV, respectively. The significantly increased electron binding energies of the dimer confirm the enhanced electronic stability upon the addition of one SA molecule. The CCSD(T)-predicted VDEs/ADEs agree excellently with the experimental data, confirming the identified structures as the most stable ones. Two types of dimer isomers possessing different hydrogen bonding (HB) motifs are identified, corresponding to SM− binding to a zwitterionic SA (SM−●SAz) and a canonical SA (SM−●SAc), respectively. Two N–H⋯O HBs and one superior O–H⋯O HB are formed in the lowest-lying SM−●SAc, while SM−●SAz has three moderate N–H⋯O HBs, with the former being 4.71 kcal/mol more stable. Further theoretical analyses reveal that the binding strength advantage of SM−●SAc over SM−●SAz arises from its significant contributions of orbital interactions between fragments, illustrating that sulfamate strongly interacts with its parent SA acid and preferably chooses the canonical SA in the subsequent cluster formations. Given the prominent presence of SA, this study provides the first evidence that the canonical dimer model of sulfamic acid should exist as a superior configuration during cluster growth.
Tunable broadband terahertz absorber based on graphene with bilayer hexagonal
Authors: Fu Maixia , Xia Na , Duan Yule , Zhou Fei , Li Yinsheng 
Published: February 2024

An ultra-wideband absorber with an absorption rate of near unit is studied and numerically simulated in the terahertz frequency band. The proposed absorber is a stacked compact structure consisting of a double-layer patterned graphene embedded between two separated dielectric. Under normal incidence, the absorption rate exceeds 99% at 2.31–3.92 THz. The absorption bandwidth can reach 2.54 THz for absorptions greater than 90% (1.91–4.45 THz), and the relative bandwidth achieves 80%. Furthermore, the absorber is tunable, with absorption ranging from 14% to almost 99.9% by altering the Fermi energy of graphene from 0 to 1 eV. The phenomenon of ultra-wideband absorption is analyzed in relation to impedance matching and field distribution. Moreover, the absorber has high polarization-independence and can operate across a broad range of incidence angles. This tunable ultra-wideband absorber has promising functions in modulation, stealth, switching, and imaging technologies.
The effective relativistic coupling by asymptotic representation approach for molecules with multiple relativistic atoms
Authors: Weike Nicole , Eisfeld Wolfgang 
Published: February 2024

The Effective Relativistic Coupling by Asymptotic Representation (ERCAR) approach is a method to generate fully coupled diabatic potential energy surfaces (PESs) including relativistic effects, especially spin–orbit coupling. The spin–orbit coupling of a full molecule is determined only by the atomic states of selected relativistically treated atoms. The full molecular coupling effect is obtained by a diabatization with respect to asymptotic states, resulting in the correct geometry dependence of the spin–orbit effect. The ERCAR approach has been developed over the last decade and initially only for molecules with a single relativistic atom. This work presents its extension to molecules with more than a single relativistic atom using the iodine molecule as a proof-of-principle example. The theory for the general multiple atomic ERCAR approach is given. In this case, the diabatic basis is defined at the asymptote where all relativistic atoms are separated from the remaining molecular fragment. The effective spin–orbit operator is then a sum of spin–orbit operators acting on isolated relativistic atoms. PESs for the iodine molecule are developed within the new approach and it is shown that the resulting fine structure states are in good agreement with spin–orbit ab initio calculations.
Volume optimization of high-speed surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor based on sequential quadratic programming technique and analytical solution
Authors: Hoang Duy-Tinh , Nguyen Manh-Dung , Woo Jong-Hyeon , Shin Hyo-Seob , Shin Kyung-Hun , Phung Anh-Tuan , Choi Jang-Young 
Published: February 2024

This study proposes an innovative approach that integrates the subdomain method with sequential quadratic programming (SQP) to optimize the volume of a high-speed surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor in an air compressor operating at 110 000 rpm. Unlike conventional optimization tools that often rely on finite element analysis (FEA) software, by leveraging the subdomain method for electromagnetic modeling, we obtain an analytical solution that rapidly represents the behaviors of the motor. Subsequently, the SQP technique is applied to optimize the volume of the model while satisfying design constraints. The proposed model is verified by FEA simulation.
Magneto-optical characterization of TCO films using standard and enhanced configurations
Authors: Syed M. , Reza S. A. , Miller P. D. , Roop B. 
Published: February 2024

Thin film samples like transparent conducting oxides (TCO) are typically investigated using measurements like Hall Effect and 4-point probe measurements. We use a sensitive AC Faraday rotation (FR) setup to study thin film samples for which a magneto-optic response is challenging to characterize. The experimental setup employs a stabilized He-Ne laser (633 nm) along with an AC magnetic field that enables lock-in detection. We investigate a series of TCO samples that are deposited on a glass substrate. The TCO samples include the more widely used Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) and the relatively newer Fluorine doped Tin Oxide films, usually referred to as FTO. These films have a magneto-optic response due to the presence of free carrier concentration and therefore measurement of this response (Verdet constant) could allow one to determine the carrier concentration of these films. Given that magneto optic responses like FR depend on the length of the sample length traveled by light, these sub-micron films pose considerable challenges in trying to extract the FR response of the film from that of the much thicker glass substrate. Furthermore, we present details of the design and FR characterization of samples using a Michelson interferometer-based measurement setup which enhances the Faraday rotation and affords a new means of studying harmonic peaks of the recorded optical signal in response to a sinusoidally-varying applied magnetic field. We compare some early results from this setup to the typical “single-pass” setup to highlight the difference in the recorded signals from the two setups. To showcase the advantages of the proposed measurements, we also include some early results from a very different type of sample, namely superparamagnetic nanoparticles (SNPs).
Magnetocaloric effect in aluminum doped ErCr1−xAlxO3 orthochromites
Authors: Sultana Jolaikha , Sawon Asraf , Brzykcy Grace , Pathak Arjun K. , Mishra Sanjay R. 
Published: February 2024

Aluminum-doped ErCr1-xAlxO3 orthochromites prepared via autocombustion technique were investigated for their magnetic and magnetocaloric properties. X-ray diffraction confirmed that samples were orthorhombic phases with the Pbnm space group without a trace of any impurity. As analyzed via Rietveld refinement of XRD data, structural parameters such as lattice parameters, volume, bond angle, and bond lengths were affected by doping nonmagnetic Al3+ in the compound. ErCrO3 possesses the long-range antiferromagnetic ordering with a weak display ferromagnetism at TN =133 K. Low-temperature high-field magnetic study shows a decrease in Neel temperature (TN ∼ 114 K for x = 0.5), suggesting magnetic ordering suppression due to Al3+ doping. The asymptotic paramagnetic Curie temperature Tcw = −25 K suggests the predominance of antiferromagnetic interactions in ErCrO3 orthochromites, which was observed to increase with Al3+ doping. Isothermal magnetization data show changes in magnetic entropy (−ΔSMmax) and relative cooling power (RCP). The magnetic entropy change, −ΔSMmax, for ErCrO3 estimated from magnetization measurements show 11.60 J kg−1 K−1 at 11 K and a relative cooling power (RCP) of 209.4 J kg−1 at 5 T applied field. While ErCr0.75Al0.25O3 show a maximum magnetic entropy of 11.52 J kg−1 K−1 at 11 K with a 5 T applied field and RCP of 186.66 J kg−1, whereas ErCr0.5Al0.5O3 displayed −ΔSMmax of 11.63 J kg−1 K−1 at 5 K with a 5 T applied field and RCP value of 160.78 J kg−1. The results show that nonmagnetic doping, such as Al3+, could maintain the compound’s magnetocaloric property to an extent.
Thickness dependent structural, morphological, and magnetic properties of PLD grown CoFe thin film
Authors: Kumar Prashant , Kumar Ravi , Sharma Vipul , Khanna Manoj Kumar , Kuanr Bijoy Kumar 
Published: February 2024

The objective of the present investigation is to optimize the thickness of Pulse Laser Deposition (PLD)-grown CoFe thin films to achieve minimal effective Gilbert damping (αeff) for potential spintronics applications. The effect of the thickness (5-30 nm) of CoFe ultra-thin films on the Si/SiO2 substrate on the structural, morphological and magnetic properties has been reported. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) peak at 44.5° shows the growth of CoFe along the (110) crystal plane. A nearly square M-H loop with high saturation magnetization (Ms) suggests good crystalline growth of CoFe film. A high coercive field (Hc) observed in the thinnest 5 nm film is due to defects such as dislocations and stacking faults that appear at very low thickness. These defects gradually decrease with an increase in CoFe film thickness, as evident from a decrease in the Hc and an increase in the Ms. The value of αeff is largest for the thinnest 5 nm film due to defects and magnetic inhomogeneities present at this thickness. The damping is reduced by approximately one-third for the 10 nm thin film in comparison to the 5 nm film, which signifies a good quality film with fewer disorders.
Size dependence of domain wall mediated switching dynamics of perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions in the presence of reference layer stray field
Authors: Nisar Arshid , Kaushik Brajesh Kumar , Pramanik Tanmoy 
Published: February 2024

Recent investigations on spin-transfer-torque-induced switching dynamics of perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ) have revealed different switching anomalies. Here, the influence of stray field from a synthetic anti-ferromagnet (SAF) based reference layer on the domain wall (DW) mediated switching of the free-layer magnet is studied via finite temperature micro-magnetic simulations for varying MTJ diameters. For larger diameters (∼80 – 120 nm), a stray field gives rise to persistent back-and-forth oscillation of the unswitched domain, delaying the switching process and causing increased write errors. For smaller diameters (∼30 – 56 nm), quasi-coherent switching occurs, as expected. For the intermediate ranges of MTJ diameters (∼60 – 70 nm), another switching mode emerges where a bubble-like feature is observed to evolve during the switching process, causing a very rapid change in magnetization. These paths are observed to originate from DWs partly in Bloch and partly in Néel configuration. We find that at the intermediate ranges of device size, the stray field becomes stronger for a given SAF configuration, and the energy difference between the Néel and Bloch configurations is also lowered. Hence, a stronger stray field could easily distort the DW propagation in the Walker breakdown regime, leading to such magnetization behavior. Our findings present interesting insights into DW-mediated switching modes in perpendicular MTJ structures caused by unoptimized stray fields from the SAF.
Magnetoelectric CoV2O6—Role of Fe inter-play in Co-based Ising spin chain interactions
Authors: Meher K.R.S. Preethi , Maignan Antoine , Pelloquin D. , Simon Ch. 
Published: February 2024

CoV2O6, a Brannerite-type material, exists in both monoclinic (α) and triclinic (γ) forms. α- CoV2O6 exhibits quasi-1D ferromagnetic chains of octahedrally-coordinated Co2+ions in the higher spin state. Fe2+ doped α-CoV2O6 (3 mol%) single crystals were synthesized using high temperature melt method. The motivation is to investigate whether disruption of 1D Co2+ ferromagnetic chains by small Fe3+ substitution alters the antiferromagnetic ground state and lead to stronger spin-frustration. In this paper, we report the magnetic and magnetodielectric properties of Fe doped α-CoV2O6 in detail. The strongly anisotropic nature of magnetic and magnetodielectric characteristics were captured well in the data through orientation dependent measurements with H being parallel to a and c axes of the crystal. Relative dielectric permittivity (εr) exhibited sharp peaks coinciding with the plateau edges Hc1 ∼2.2 T and Hc2 ∼4.4 T in the magnetization curves (M-H) for applied H parallel to a-axis. For dielectric measurements under applied H parallel to c-axis, relative dielectric permittivity exhibited sharp peak around Hc2 ∼3.1 T, again coinciding with the M-H behavior. Such closely related magnetic field induced dielectric transitions reflected in both M(H) and εr(H) measurements is a rare phenomenon and representative of strong spin-lattice coupling in this phase.
The Fine-grained Structure of the Lexical Area
Authors: Fábregas Antonio 
Published: February 2024

This is the first book that presents a complete description and analysis of the Spanish suffixes that alter the grammatical behaviour of nouns and adjectives without changing their grammatical category, supporting a fine-grained decomposition of the syntactic area where these word classes are defined.
In this monograph the reader will find a detailed empirical description of suffixes for gender, mereological properties of nouns, scalar properties of adjectives and a variety of nominal suffixes expressing actions, measures or locations, as well as an integral Neo-Constructionist analysis of the syntactic structure of the resulting formations. Framed within a Nanosyntactic-oriented framework, this book sheds light on the nature of lexical categories and the components of the low syntactic structure of nouns and adjectives. The book will be useful both to researchers in Spanish linguistics or theoretical morphology and to advanced students of Spanish interested in learning more about the expressive devices that nouns and adjectives allow.
“Ding ding ding we have a hypocrite!”
Authors: Tanskanen Sanna-Kaisa 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study approaches verbal hypocrisy from a metapragmatic perspective, arguing that our understanding of
hypocrisy as a pragmatic phenomenon benefits from an analysis of how language users negotiate hypocrisy in actual
interaction. The goal is to uncover what kinds of statements participants in online discussions perceive as verbal
hypocrisy, how they react to it and how they discuss it. Participants’ claims of hypocrisy are regarded as evaluative
metapragmatic acts, with which they make visible their assessment of language use as hypocritical. The analysis of the
claims in their context reveals that claims are made in situations of perceived double standards or misalignment.
Reactions to claims of hypocrisy range from resistance and negotiation to silence. Furthermore, the negotiation of
hypocrisy involves considerations of intention and accountability.
Apology as hypocrisy
Authors: Halmari Helena 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Apologies have been a rewarding target for research in the pragmatics tradition; however, few studies
connect apologies to hypocrisy. This chapter is an attempt to do so. I approach the pragmalinguistic aspects of
hypocrisy by examining two notorious apologies: Clinton’s 1998 apology for his Monica Lewinsky affair and Trump’s 2016
apology for his vulgar comments about women. I argue that hypocritical apologies can be identified via an analysis of
felicity conditions (including the speakers’ motivations and intentions) and move structures. Clinton’s and Trump’s
apologies share most features with non-hypocritical apologies, but they also include self-promotional and accusatory
moves toward the end of the speech event which are absent from genuine apologies. These extra moves turn their
apologies into hypocritical ones.
An epilogue and note on cross-cultural hypocrisy
Authors: Culpeper Jonathan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter very briefly comments on some of the chapters of this volume, and then focuses on what has not
been covered: hypocrisy across cultures (and languages). With a particular focus on British English and culture, it
notes synchronic contrasts, specifically with Israeli “dugri” speech, and diachronic contrasts, from the mediaeval
period to today. It argues that Haugh’s (Chapter 7, this volume) notion of
“sincere hypocrisy” is key to British English politeness. Finally, it reminds readers of how “sincere hypocrisy” fits
the range of hypocrisy types, and finishes with a re-statement of Sorlin and Virtanen’s (Chapter 2, this volume) pragmatic definition of hypocrisy.