bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lattice Inclusion Complexation under Two-Guest Conditions. Preservation of a Single Phase vs Separation of Two Phases
Authors: Dewa Takehisa , Aoyama Yasuhiro 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
9-(3,5-Bishydroxy-1-phenyl)anthracene (1) as a hydrogen-bonded solid host forms 1:1 adducts with 3-pentanone (2) and ethyl acetate (3) as guests with differing stabilities (1·2 &gt; 1·3) in different lattice patterns. Under two-guest conditions is obtained a ternary adduct 1·2x·3y (x + y = 1) which essentially preserves the single-phase lattice pattern for the stabler adduct 1·2.
Synthesis of 1,2,4-Ditellurazolidines by Oxidative Ring Contraction of 2H,6H-Tetrahydro-1,5,3,7-ditelluradiazocines
Authors: Takikawa Yuji , Yoshida Takamasa , Koyama Yutaka , Sato Kazuto , Shibata Yuko , Aoyagi Shigenobu , Shimada Kazuaki , Kabuto Chizuko 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Synthesis of novel five-membered cyclic ditellurides, 4-aryl-1,2,4-ditellurazolidines was achieved by treating 3,7-diaryl-2H,6H-tetrahydro-1,5,3,7-ditelluradiazocines with oxidizing agents or by aerobic exposure. The oxidative ring contraction of the heterocycles was assumed to proceed through formation and subsequent fragmentation of bicyclic ditellura dications.
Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Study on Aggregation in Acetonitrile–D2O and Acetonitrile–D2O–NaCl Mixtures
Authors: Takamuku Toshiyuki , Matsuo Daisuke , Yamaguchi Atsushi , Tabata Masaaki , Yoshida Koji , Yamaguchi Toshio , Nagao Michihiro , Otomo Toshiya , Adachi Tomohiro 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
The salt-induced phase separation was, for the first time, directly observed at a molecular level by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments performed at room temperature on acetonitrile–D2O and acetonitrile–D2O–NaCl mixtures as a function of acetonitrile mole fraction, XAN, and NaCl concentration, respectively. Aggregation or microheterogeneity in the acetonitrile–D2O mixtures was most enhanced at XAN = 0.3–0.4 with Debye correlation lengths LD ∼19 Å. In the acetonitrile–D2O–NaCl mixtures at XAN = 0.2 the aggregation increased with NaCl content and reached a plateau of LD ∼20 Å.
Synthesis and Absolute Stereochemisty of a Cruciferous Phytoalexin, (−)-Spirobrassinin
Authors: Monde Kenji , Osawa Shuichi , Harada Nobuyuki , Takasugi Mitsuo , Suchy Mojmir , Kutschy Peter , Dzurilla Milan , Balentova Eva 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Synthetic (±)-spirobrassinin (1) was enantioresolved by a chiral auxiliary method giving (+)-1 and natural (−)-1. The absolute configuration was unambiguously determined by X-ray crystallography of a (1′S,4′R)-camphanoyl derivative of (+)-1. Consequently, natural (−)-1 has an S configuration. Their CD spectra supported this result.
The NMR Spectroscopic Evaluation of Immobility of a Crowd of Porphyrin Rings Combined with Dendritic Poly(l-lysine)s
Authors: Kato Tamaki , Maruo Naoki , Akisada Hideo , Arai Toru , Nishino Norikazu 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Since the dendritic poly(l-lysine)s combining eight to thirty-two free base-porphyrins showed split circular dichroism at the Soret band in toluene/N,N-dimethylformamide (9/1, v/v), the immobility of porphyrin rings was evaluated by 1H NMR measurements in terms of the peak width at half-height and spin-lattice relaxation time.
Electric-Field-Induced Quenching of Fluorescence of Tetraphenylporphyrin in a PMMA Polymer Film
Authors: Iwaki Yuji , Ohta Nobuhiro 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Fluorescence of tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) doped in a polymer film is quenched by an electric field. Field-induced enhancement of the internal conversion from S1 to the ground state is considered to be accelerated by a molecular association. Electroabsorption spectra and electrofluorescence spectra also show that change in molecular polarizability following excitation increases by a molecular association of TPP.
UV-Raman Characterizations of MoO3/ZrO2 Catalysts with Extremely Low MoO3 Loadings
Authors: Hu Yuhai , Dong Lin , Wang Jun , Chen Yi , Li Can , Li Meijun , Feng Zhaochi , Ying Piliang 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
UV-Raman spectroscopy was first used and proved to be a powerful tool for the characterization of the surface molybdenum oxide species supported on ZrO2, especially for samples with extremely low MoO3 loadings due to the Raman bands of the surface molybdenum oxide species are greatly enhanced by this method. Only one kind of molybdenum oxide species was detected in samples with very low to near a mono-layer coverage of MoO3 loading, and it is suggested that the structure of the highly dispersed molybdenum species is inevitably related to the structure of the support.
Preparation of Hollow Fibers of Tin Oxide with and without Antimony Doping
Authors: Imai Hiroaki , Iwaya Yukie , Shimizu Kazuhiko , Hirashima Hiroshi 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Hollow fibers of tin oxide with and without antimony doping were prepared by a chemical solution deposition technique using cotton fibers as a template. Homogeneous coating of tin dioxide undoped and doped with antimony was achieved on the organic fibers in aqueous solutions of tin difluoride and antimony trifluoride. Crystalline tin oxide hollow fibers were then obtained by removing the organic compounds with combustion in air. Since antimony-doped tin oxide annealed at 500–600 °C showed a low resistivity around 3.5 × 10−3 ohm·cm, the ceramic fibers produced by this technique have great potential as a novel conductive material.
Conversion of NO to N2 in Continuous Microwave Discharge
Authors: Tang Junwang , Zhang Tao , Liang Dongbai , Sun Xiaoying , Lin Liwu 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
The direct conversion of NO to N2 by a continuous microwave stable discharge at atmospheric pressure is reported, and the conversion of NO to N2 is up to 60% or more in the presence of excess O2 or O2 and H2O. The effect of the power of microwave on the conversion of NO is observed, and novel results are obtained.
Structures and Magnetic Properties of 4-(9-Anthrylmethylamino)TEMPO and Its Dimer
Authors: Ojima Takeo , Akutsu Hiroki , Yamada Jun-ichi , Nakatsuji Shin’ichi 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
4-(9-Anthrylmethylamino)TEMPO radical (1a) and its photo-dimer 1b have been prepared to show ferromagnetic interactions in the former radical and the variable spin–spin interactions depending on the solvent molecules incorporated in the crystals in the latter biradical.
A Novel Route to Obtain Molybdenum Dichalcogenides by Hydrothermal Reaction
Authors: Fan Rong , Chen Xianhui , Chen Zuyao 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Hydrothermal reactions between aqueous Na2MoO4, Na2ESO3 (E = S, Se) and hydrazine monohydrate at 135 °C for 12 h produce phase-pure MoS2 and MoSe2 with good yield of about 90%. X-Ray powder diffraction, chemical analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize the structure and composition of the products annealed at 350 °C. Transmission electron microscopy images show that the samples of MoS2 and MoSe2 consist of nano-crystallites with average particle size of 4 nm and 7 nm, respectively.
Electrochemical Saccharide Recognition by a Phenylboronic Acid-Terminated Redox Active Self-Assembled Monolayer on a Gold Electrode
Authors: Murakami Hiroto , Akiyoshi Hiromi , Wakamatsu Takanari , Sagara Takamasa , Nakashima Naotoshi 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Phenylboronic acid-terminated viologen-carrying alkyl disulfide (1) and a reference compound 2 were designed and synthesized. Self-assembled monolayers of 1 on gold electrodes were found to function as a highly sensitive saccharide sensor in aqueous solution.
A New One-Pot Synthesis of Bisperfluoroalkanesulfonylamides and Bispentafluorobenzenesulfonylamide as Potassium Salts
Authors: Sogabe Kensaku , Hasegawa Yasuchika , Wada Yuji , Kitamura Takayuki , Yanagida Shozo 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Bisperfluoroalkanesulfonylamides were synthesized as potassium salts by one-pot reaction of perfluoroalkanesulfonyl halides with acetamide derivatives in the presence of K2CO3 in THF.
Preparation and Charge–Discharge Properties of a Novel Organosulfur Polymer, Poly(p-phenylene thiuret), for Battery Applications
Authors: Uemachi Hiroshi , Iwasa Yoshihiro , Mitani Tadaoki 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
A new redox polymer consisting of benzene and thiuret, poly(p-phenylene thiuret) (PPT), is presented as a cathode material for lithium secondary batteries. The high capacity and cycleability are achieved by introduction of an S–S bond as a side group to a polymer. To prepare PPT, we synthesized a precursor polymer by a condensation of S-benzylthiourea with isothiocyanate and modified this polymer to PPT by an electrochemical reaction.
Preparation, Conformation and Reaction of Medium-sized [1.n.n]Metacyclophanes
Authors: Tsuge Akihiko , Takagi Nobuko , Kakara Takehiro , Moriguchi Tetsuji , Sakata Kazunori 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
A series of metacyclophanes consisting of three aromatic rings have been prepared. The detailed study of their conformational properties by means of the NMR spectroscopy and the X-ray analysis confirmed the “n,m-alternate(folded-inwards)” and “n,m-alternate(cone-like)” conformations. Two conformers of 3a exhibited a different reactivity in demethylation by BBr3.
One-Dimensional S = 1 Ferromagnetic Chain Formed by a Square Ni2S2 Motif in Ni(qt)2 (qt = Quinoline-8-thiolate)
Authors: Miyake Takashi , Ishida Takayuki , Hashizume Daisuke , Iwasaki Fujiko , Nogami Takashi 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
X-Ray crystallographic analysis of the title complex reveals that nickel(II) ions are arranged to form a one-dimensional chain structure with double thiolate-bridges. The Ni–S–Ni angle is 94.3°. Magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate that the nickel S = 1 spins are ferromagnetically coupled within a chain.
Design, Preparation, and Characterization of Novel ET Salts with Supramolecular Assembly. Sheet, Chain, and Pore Structures Based on Difluorotetraiodobenzene
Authors: Yamamoto Hiroshi M , Kato Reizo 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
To control the donor/anion ratio of an ET (= bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene) salt, an anionic supramolecular assembly was designed. The supramolecular assembly based on 1,4-difluoro-2,3,5,6-tetraiodobenzene (DFTIB) and the bromide anion thus afforded an ET salt with desired 3:1 donor/anion ratio, while it also gave three other salts with unexpected structures. These salts showed semiconductive behaviors in the resistivity.
Influence of a Long-Term Retarder on the Hydration of Clinker and Cement
Authors: Rickert J , Thielen G 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
This paper summarizes the results of investigations on the effects of a long-term retarder (LTR) based on phosphonic acid (PBTC) on the hydration of several clinker phases (C3S, C3A, C4AF), Portland cement clinker, and Portland cement. It could be shown that long-term retardation is due to a thin sparingly soluble layer of calcium phosphonate on the particle surface. The formation of sparingly soluble calcium phosphonate requires 2.5 moles Ca2+ per mole PBTC. If enough Ca2+ is available, sparingly soluble calcium phosphonate precipitates and forms a layer around the cement particles, which retards further hydration immediately. In the contrary a lack of Ca2+ causes a short-term acceleration in hydration of the reactive clinker phase C3A. The investigations show that a controlled long-term retardation can only be achieved if the cement shows an optimal “natural” setting retardation; hence, when the sulphate ingredient is fully compatible with the reactivity of C3A.
Control of Cracking in Bridge Decks: Observations from the Field
Authors: Darwin D , Browning J , Lindquist WD 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Crack surveys of bridge decks, performed over a 10-year period in northeast Kansas as part of three studies, provide strong guidance in identifying the parameters that control cracking in these structures. The surveys involve steel girder bridges—bridges that are generally agreed to exhibit the greatest amount of cracking in the concrete decks. The surveys include monolithic decks and decks with silica fume and conventional concrete overlays. The study demonstrates that crack density increases as a function of cement and water content, and concrete strength. In addition, crack density is higher in the end spans of decks that are integral with the abutments than decks with pin-ended supports. Most cracking occurs early in the life of a bridge deck, but continues to increase over time. This is true for bridges cast in both the 1980s and the 1990s. A key observation, however, is that bridge decks cast in the 1980s exhibit less cracking than those in the 1990s, even with the increase in crack density over time. Changes in materials, primarily cement fineness, and construction procedures over the past 20 years, are discussed in light of these observations. A major bright spot has been the positive effect of efforts to limit early evaporation, suggesting that the early initiation of curing procedures will help reduce cracking in bridge decks.
A Phenomenological Approach to Obtaining Correlations between Accelerated and Outdoor Exposure Test Results for Organic Materials
Authors: Jorgensen GJ 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Two approaches are commonly used to derive correlations between in-service and accelerated exposure test results. When detailed degradation mechanisms are well understood, a deterministic formalism can be applied in which a precise damage function model is utilized. If failure mechanisms are not known or multiple mechanisms interact in a complicated manner that makes it difficult and tedious to treat them explicitly, a probabilistic procedure can be used. Observed failures are fit to appropriate life distributions to obtain expressions for related failure rates. A third approach uses a phenomenological methodology. This procedure is similar to the deterministic approach in that damage functions are hypothesized, except that they are based on macroscopic observations and effects, rather than on microscopic mechanisms. The phenomenological approach is used herein to describe results accurately from a number of highly accelerated exposure tests of organic materials. The ensuing damage function models are then used to predict real-world behavior. Excellent agreement is demonstrated between these predictions and actual measured data, thereby validating the phenomenological approach and providing a very useful way to estimate service life of organic-based materials.
Deletion of the mouse GH-binding protein (mGHBP) mRNA polyadenylation and splicing sites does not abolish production of mGHBP
Authors: Zhou Y , He L , Baumann G , Kopchick J J 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACT
In murine species, the GH receptor (mGHR) gene encodes a full-length membrane-anchored mGHR and a truncated soluble receptor ectodomain (the GH-binding protein; mGHBP). The mGHR and mGHBP mRNAs are generated by alternative pre-mRNA splicing. Similar GHR/GHBP pairs are generated in other species by proteolysis of the GHR. The regulation of GHBP expression and the biological role of GHBP are not clear. In order to begin to dissect the factors responsible for regulating expression of mGHR and mGHBP, we have cloned a mouse GH receptor/binding protein (mGHR/BP) minigene consisting of two mGHR cDNA fragments and an mGHR/BP genomic sequence, such that the mGHR and mGHBP can be derived from the minigene by mimicking native alternative pre-mRNA splicing. To study the possible role of selection of polyadenylation relative to the expression of mGHR and mGHBP, we deleted the two tandem poly A addition signals and the flanking AT-rich region within the exon (exon 8A) that encodes the carboxy terminus of mGHBP. In addition, two other mutated forms of the minigene, one containing a mutated alternative splice acceptor site (SAS) near exon 8A and the other possessing a deletion of the intron between exons 7 and 8A (intron 7/8A), were generated. Expression of the mGHR/BP minigene and its mutated forms in transfected mouse L cells revealed that removal of the polyadenylation signals diminished but did not abolish either mGHR or mGHBP production. However, mutation of the SAS yielded normal mGHR and an mGHBP which may be a result of the translation of an mRNA possessing an open reading frame in intron 7/8A. Additionally, removal of intron 7/8A abolished mGHR expression but resulted in mGHBP production. The results suggest that selection of alternative polyadenylation sites of the mGHR/BP gene does not play a major role in the regulation of expression of mGHR and mGHBP in vitro. These results also suggest that mutation of the SAS near exon 8A does not abolish the ability of mGHR/BP gene to produce an mGHBP that retains the ability to bind GH, although the new mGHBP may be different from the natural mGHBP at its carboxy terminus.
Cloning and characterization of goldfish activin type IIB receptor
Authors: Ge W , Tanaka M , Yoshikuni M , Eto Y , Nagahama Y 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACT
We have cloned a full length cDNA coding for the activin type IIB receptor (GactRIIB) from the goldfish ovary. GactRIIB shares 73 and 70% amino acid identity in the extracellular domain, and 78 and 80% identity in the intracellular domain with the type IIB receptors of the mouse and Xenopus respectively. The intracellular domain of GactRIIB contains two serine kinase consensus sequences, DFKSRN and GTRRYMAPE, in agreement with the reports in other vertebrates that serine/threonine phosphorylation is involved in activin signal transduction. The identity of GactRIIB was confirmed by transient expression in the COS cells followed by activin binding. Iodinated human activin A bound to the GactRIIB-transfected cells and the binding could be completely inhibited by unlabeled activin. Affinity labeling revealed a band of about 85 kDa, which is in agreement with the reported type II receptors in other vertebrates. Together with the fact that activin is expressed in the goldfish ovary, the cloning of activin receptors from the ovary suggests paracrine and autocrine roles for activin in the goldfish ovarian functions.
Prolactin release from subpopulations of rat lactotrophs in the presence and absence of dopamine
Authors: Hu L , Lawson D M 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
In this study we examined the effects of dopamine (DA) and its withdrawal on in vitro prolactin (PRL) release from subpopulations of lactotrophs from two regions of the anterior pituitary obtained from untreated ovariectomized (OVX) rats or OVX rats treated with estrogen, progesterone or a combination of the two. Anterior pituitaries were cut horizontally into an inner (dorsal) zone and an outer (ventral) zone. Each of these regions was enzymatically dispersed and the resulting cells were otherwise untreated (unseparated) or centrifuged through a discontinous Percoll gradient to separate the cells into two subpopulations (light and heavy cells). Each of these types of cells was perifused for 1 h with culture medium containing 1 μm DA followed by medium devoid of DA for 1 h. Prolactin released into the perifusion medium, collected as 5-min fractions, was measured by radioimmunoassay and normalized to the number of lactotrophs in the cellular pools as determined by immunocytochemistry.
In the presence of DA, PRL release from unseparated cells of the outer zone was significantly increased by estradiol treatment compared with the release from similar cells from OVX rats. (Differences were considered significant where P<0·05.) However, no effect of estradiol treatment was observed with unseparated cells of the inner zone or light or heavy cells from either zone. Progesterone had no effect on any cell type when administered alone. However, when progesterone was given following estradiol, PRL release from unseparated cells of the inner zone was increased significantly compared with similar cells from the other steroid-treated groups. Similar significant increases were observed with light and heavy cells of the outer zone, but there was no effect of the combined steroid treatment on light or heavy cells from the inner zone. When DA was withdrawn, prolactin release was significantly increased from all cells except unseparated cells of the outer zone of OVX rat pituitaries. However, when the cells of the outer zone from OVX rats were separated into light and heavy cells, they responded to the withdrawal of DA with significant and equivalent increases in prolactin release. Light cells of the inner zone of pituitaries from OVX rats were more responsive to DA withdrawal than were heavy cells. Estradiol increased the response to the withdrawal of DA by light and heavy cells of the outer zone and heavy cells of the inner zone. Progesterone significantly reversed these effects of estradiol on separated cells.
These results suggest that lactotrophs in two regions of rat pituitaries respond differently to dopamine and to its withdrawal, that subpopulations of lactotrophs within these regions also respond differently and that steroids modulate these responses.
Journal of Endocrinology (1996) 148, 113–120
Expression of collagenase-3 in the rat ovary during the ovulatory process
Authors: Balbín M , Fueyo A , López J M , Díez-Itza I , Velasco G , López-Otín C 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
We have examined the expression of the murine counterpart of human collagenase-3, a matrix metalloproteinase produced by breast carcinomas, in the course of processes which involve extensive tissue remodeling. By using Northern blot analysis, we have found that collagenase-3 is expressed in the rat ovary, but not in the remaining analyzed tissues including brain, kidney, liver, lung, mammary gland, uterus, bladder, heart, intestine, prostate, spleen, testis and thymus. Collagenase-3 mRNA was detected at high levels in rat ovaries at proestrus and estrus, was at a minimum at metestrus and started to increase during diestrus through to proestrus. In addition, collagenase-3 was also detected on day 21 of pregnancy, which is approximately one day before parturition. However, no significative expression was detected in RNA from ovaries taken immediately after parturition, or on days 1, 5 or 30 postpartum. Northern blot analysis also revealed that collagenase-3 was not expressed at significant levels, compared with ovarian expression, in the uterus or in the mammary gland during pregnancy or after parturition. When follicular granulosa cells were separated from residual ovarian tissue and their RNA was analyzed by Northern blot, it was seen that collagenase-3 was not expressed by the granulosa cells but was present in the residual tissue containing interstitial and thecal tissues, growing follicles and corpora lutea. Immunohistochemical studies also confirmed, at the protein level, the localization of collagenase-3 in rat ovary. Gonadotropic stimulation of ovulation in immature rats by priming with pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin and stimulation with human chorionic gonadotropin failed to induce the expression of collagenase-3, suggesting that additional factors which are not present in the immature stimulated rats are needed for completely effective induction of the expression of this matrix metalloproteinase. On the basis of these results, together with the comparative analysis of expression of different matrix metalloproteinases in the rat ovary, we propose that collagenase-3 is a major ovarian metalloproteinase potentially involved in ovarian function during the reproductive cycle.
Journal of Endocrinology (1996) 149, 405–415