bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Artificial Intelligence Model for Vascularity Monitoring of Postoperative Flap
Authors: Lu Ming , Zhang Aijie , Wang Yao , Lim Rebecca Qian Ru , Chen Wei , Yi Zhe , Wang Ziquan , Zhang Yan , Qian Zhen , Wang Guangzhi , Liu Bo 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Postoperative flap monitoring is a labor-intensive task that relies heavily on the subjective judgment of skin color change by both medical and nursing staff. Human errors, such as misinterpretation of visual cues, may result in flap failure due to missed or delayed detection of vascular compromise.

Objective:
To simulate clinical situations of vascular compromise and investigate the feasibility of using an artificial intelligence (AI) model with skin color monitoring algorithms (SCMAs) and pulse wave monitoring algorithms (PWMAs) in identifying changes to site vascularity.

Materials and Methods:
A tourniquet machine was used on human participants to simulate clinical conditions of venous and arterial obstruction by applying 6 different pressure conditions (0, 40, 70, 100, 160, and 200 mm Hg). The tourniquet was placed 10 cm above each participant’s elbow crease, and each pressure condition was maintained for 3 minutes. The color changes of the participant’s forearm and arm were assessed by 5 clinical specialists of level 2 according to the Tang and Giddins classification, and the SCMAs and PWMAs were recorded as well with their respective algorithms. The results from the SCMAs were then compared with the manual assessments, while the results from the PWMAs were compared with the pulse oximeter readings.

Results:
The 100 mm Hg pressure condition simulated a clinical venous blockage, while the 200 mm Hg pressure condition simulated an arterial blockage. The results from the SCMAs and PWMAs correlated with manual assessments of skin color changes and pulse oximetry readings, respectively. The simulation of a venous compromise showed a gradual deepening of skin color, whereas an arterial obstruction demonstrated decreased peripheral oxygen saturation instead of significant changes to skin color.

Conclusion:
These AI algorithms are comparable with manual assessment and contact-based devices in identifying vascular compromise, which portends feasibility in future research and development of such technology.
The Anterior Mandibular Alveolar Bone Augmentation With Sticky Bone in Periodontally Accelerated Osteogenic Orthodontics
Authors: Lou Qun , Yuan Hao , Sun Qi , Wang Bixia 
Published: February 2025

Objective:
Sticky bone, a composite of porcine-derived xenograft bone material and serum components obtained from autologous blood centrifugation, was implanted into the anterior mandibular alveolar bone during periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (PAOO) in a patient with skeletal Class III malocclusion. The augmentation and stability of the alveolar bone in the grafted area were evaluated over a one-year follow-up period.

Methods:
A patient with skeletal Class III malocclusion underwent PAOO surgery as part of presurgical orthodontic treatment. During the procedure, sticky bone was used as a substitute for traditional granular bone, while autologous blood components were centrifuged to form barrier membranes. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were taken before treatment, and at 6 months and 1 year post-PAOO surgery. The height and thickness of the bone graft in the anterior mandibular region were measured using Blue Sky Plan software.

Results:
The measurements showed that, although minor absorption of the bone graft occurred one year after surgery, CBCT scans at the completion of orthodontic treatment revealed a 1–3 mm layer of exogenous bone still covering the middle and upper thirds of the root in the mandibular anterior region. This bone grafting technique effectively corrected bone dehiscence.

Conclusions:
In this case, sticky bone, a combination of heterologous bone material and autologous blood barrier membranes, successfully preserved the bone height and thickness one year after PAOO surgery. The use of sticky bone for bone augmentation proved to be an economical and reliable method with long-term stability. Future controlled studies with larger sample sizes are needed to further validate the clinical applicability of this approach in treating anterior mandibular alveolar defects.
Myocardial performance improvement after iron replacement in heart failure patients: The IRON-PATH II echo-substudy
Authors: Ramos-Polo Raúl , Ras-Jiménez Maria del Mar , Carbajales María del Carmen Basalo , Jovells-Vaqué Sílvia , Garcia-Pinilla José Manuel , Cobo-Marcos Marta , de Juan-Bagudá Javier , Fonseca Cândida , Manzano Josep Francesch , Cosa Andreea Eunice , Yun-Viladomat Sergi , Enjuanes Cristina , Orduña Marta Tajes , Comin-Colet Josep 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIron deficiency (ID) is a prevalent comorbidity in heart failure (HF) patients associated with poor prognosis and impaired physical capacity. Functional limitations linked to ID may be related to cardiac function abnormalities, which could be reversible with iron repletion. Some echocardiographic parameters, such as global longitudinal strain (GLS), myocardial work (MW), and its derivatives constructive work (CW), wasted work (WW), and work efficiency (WE), may provide additive value in advanced cardiac performance assessment. The IRON-PATH II was a multicenter, prospective and observational study designed to describe pathophysiological pathways associated to ID. The echo-substudy included 100 HF patients undergoing a specific pilot echocardiographic evaluation. Patients had left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤50%, were in stable clinical condition, on standard HF medication, and with hemoglobin ≥11 g/dL. The final cohort included 98 patients. The ID group showed worse cardiac function, with lower GLS (–8.5±9% vs –10±10%), WE (74±10% vs 80±10%), and MW (665[453-1013] vs 947[542-1199] mmHg%), as well as higher WW (290[228-384] vs 212[138-305] mmHg%) and lower RV free wall strain (–13[-20-(–11)] % vs –17[-23-(–14)] %). Following iron repletion, ID patients demonstrated improved LV (GLS, MW, WE, and WW) and RV performance (RV free wall strain), aligning with non-ID patients (all p-values >0.05 compared to the non-ID group). In conclusion, among HF patients with reduced LVEF, ID was associated with worse myocardial performance in both the LV and RV, with these alterations being reversible after intravenous iron repletion.Abstract FigureGraphical Abstract
Sex differences distinguish performance in four object recognition-based memory tasks in the Pink1-/- rat model of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Desai Aveena M. , Aje Oluwagbohunmi A. , Kritzer Mary F. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMany patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) experience early, sometimes prodromal non-motor deficits involving cognition and memory. These so-called mild cognitive impairments hold dire predictions for future risk of freezing, falls and developing PD-related dementia. Moreover, due to a dearth of effective treatments, these symptoms persist and progressively worsen. Thus, there is an urgent need to better understand and better treat these debilitating signs. Sex differences in incidence, severity and treatment sensitivities predict that the answers to these questions are sex-specific. The work presented here highlights new ways in which rats with knockout of PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 gene (Pink1-/-) emulate PD’s mild cognitive deficits and their clinical sex differences. Specifically, longitudinal behavioral testing confirmed that male Pink1-/- rats developed significant deficits in Novel Object Recognition and Novel Object Location tasks by 5 months old but that female Pink1-/- were unimpaired in these and the Object-in-Place task through 12 months of age. Further, What, Where, When Episodic-like Memory testing identified enduring deficits in all three memory domains in Pink1-/- males by 3 months of age whereas in Pink1-/- females, non-significant impairments emerged at 7 months of age and progressed to significant memory deficits by 12 months of age. Together, these data show that Pink1-/- rats model the generally greater vulnerability of male PD patients to cognitive and memory deficits in PD, the growing risk for higher order deficits in female patients as they age, and features including early onset that distinguish episodic memory impairments from other at-risk processes in this disorder.
The experience and perception of first language usage in healthcare: the Welsh perspective
Authors: Edwards Maisie E , Bodger Owen , Brown Menna , Roberts Llinos , Roberts Luke D , Davies Jeffrey S , Morgan Alwena H 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSeveral studies have shown that using language that is most suitable for the patient is essential for effective communication in healthcare. Using a patients second language during health consultations can negatively impact a patient, causing delays in treatment and misdiagnosis. In Wales both Welsh and English have equal status in public sector organisations, however, independent primary care providers such as General Practices (GPs), do not need to comply with all the Welsh Language Standards. Thus, there is inconsistency in the availability of bilingual healthcare provision. This mixed methods study used a focus group and a survey of the Welsh speaking general population (361 participants) to gauge awareness of the Welsh Language Standards and collect experiences of bilingual healthcare, concentrating on GPs. The data underwent both qualitative thematic and quantitative analysis and revealed low awareness of the Welsh Language Standards (27%). Overall, respondents felt that their need to use Welsh is not taken seriously, with 71% having never been offered a Welsh consultation. 57% that have an English medium doctor reported that they would feel more comfortable having their consultations in Welsh. 32% of respondents from higher percentage Welsh speaking areas have felt restricted by their inability to communicate in their first language during GP appointments. There was overwhelming support for recording a patient’s preferred language on health records. The results suggest that the Welsh speaking public both want and need Welsh provision in primary care. However, there is a need to review primary care policies to facilitate a more effective roll out of an ‘active offer’ of first language healthcare in Wales.
β-Amyloid Induces Microglial Expression of GPC4 and APOE Leading to Increased Neuronal Tau Pathology and Toxicity
Authors: Holmes Brandon B. , Weigel Thaddeus K. , Chung Jesseca M. , Kaufman Sarah K. , Apresa Brandon I. , Byrnes James R. , Kumru Kaan S. , Vaquer-Alicea Jaime , Gupta Ankit , Rose Indigo V. L. , Zhang Yun , Nana Alissa L. , Alter Dina , Grinberg Lea T. , Spina Salvatore , Leung Kevin K. , Condello Carlo , Kampmann Martin , Seeley William W. , Coutinho-Budd Jaeda C. , Wells James A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARYTo elucidate the impact of Aβ pathology on microglia in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis, we profiled the microglia surfaceome following treatment with Aβ fibrils. Our findings reveal that Aβ-associated human microglia upregulate Glypican 4 (GPC4), a GPI-anchored heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG). In aDrosophilaamyloidosis model, glial GPC4 expression exacerbates motor deficits and reduces lifespan, indicating that glial GPC4 contributes to a toxic cellular program during neurodegeneration. In cell culture, GPC4 enhances microglia phagocytosis of tau aggregates, and shed GPC4 can actin transto facilitate tau aggregate uptake and seeding in neurons. Additionally, our data demonstrate that GPC4-mediated effects are amplified in the presence of APOE. These studies offer a mechanistic framework linking Aβ and tau pathology through microglial HSPGs and APOE.
Dynamic fingerprinting of the human functional connectome
Authors: Ghaffari Amin , Zhao Yufei , Chen Xu , Langley Jason , Hu Xiaoping 
Published: February 2025

AbstractResting-state functional connectivity (FC) have distinct, personalized patterns that could serve as a unique fingerprint of each individual’s brain. While previous brain fingerprinting methods have used functional connectivity maps over a scanning session (static method), it has been shown that the brain is a dynamic system that switches between several metastable states, each of which having a different FC map. Taking the dynamic nature of brain connectivity into account will likely lead to more subject-specific information and better individual identification. In this paper, we derived the state-specific FCs using sliding window correlation and clustering and evaluated their performance in individual identification and cognitive score prediction. The resultant dynamic fingerprints outperformed the static fingerprints in identification accuracy. Furthermore, some of the brain states were more accurate in predicting cognitive scores, indicating that connectivity in some brain states is informative of cognition abilities, possibly useful as biomarkers for brain disorders.Impact StatementOur findings suggest that state-specific functional connectivity patterns of the brain are unique for each individual. These brain states predicted participants’ cognitive performance, suggesting that they have the potential to be used as biomarkers for cognitive function or neurological disorders. Integrating state-based functional connectivity into clinical frameworks could potentially enhance early diagnosis and patient stratification, and lead to targeted interventions for neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative conditions.
An integrated system for comprehensive mouse peripheral vestibular function evaluation based on Vestibulo-ocular Reflex
Authors: Zhao Tong , Xiao Shijie , Liu Wenda , Zhong Jinhao , Sun BinXian , Chen Fangyi 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn the realms of both vestibular and auditory research, conducting vestibular function tests is essential. However, unlike the auditory function tests which utilize standard equipment such as the Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) device, there is no equivalent widely adopted apparatus for vestibular tests. This is largely due to the intricate nature of the vestibular system and the challenges associated with assessing its functions. Vestibulo-ocular reflexes (VORs) are the compensatory ocular reflexes that ensure stable vision during head motion. VORs are widely used in clinics for diagnosing the vestibular deficit. In the research field, VORs, including angular VOR (aVOR) or off-vertical axis rotation (OVAR) tests, have been used by various groups to evaluate the mouse vestibular function. However, the effectiveness of VOR tests has not been systematically evaluated with proper animal models, and the lack of commercial equipment hampers its accessibility, confining vestibular testing to a select few labs. In this study, we developed an integrated instrument system with both aVOR and OVAR modes for evaluating mouse vestibular function. To demonstrate its efficacy, peripheral vestibular animal models, 1) Vestibulotoxicity drugs 3,3’-iminodiproprionitrile (IDPN, 2 mg/g and 4 mg/g) induced; 2) Critical MET-related mutant (Cdh23v2J/v2JandTMC1-/-); 3) Vestibulo-specific mutant (Zpld1-/-for semicircular canal dysfunction andOtop1tlt/tltfor otoconia deficient; 4) Unilateral vestibular lesion (UVL) model by injecting gentamicin into horizontal semicircular canal, were constructed and evaluated with the system. The results showed 1) Quantification of the vestibular deficit is achieved in a daily manner; 2) Both the otolith organ and semicircular canals can be assessed respectively; and 3) The lesion side of UVL can be identified. During an 8-week study of IDPN vestibulotoxicity, the vestibular function of 3 groups of 20 animals was evaluated at 15 test days. These test results reveal the potential of our system as a standard system for evaluating common vestibular deficits in mice.
Sleep Resolves Competition Between Explicit and Implicit Memory Systems
Authors: Kleespies Katja , Paulus Philipp C. , Zhu Hao , Pargent Florian , Jakob Marie , Werle Jana , Czisch Michael , Boedecker Joschka , Gais Steffen , Schönauer Monika 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSleep supports stabilization of explicit, declarative memory and benefits implicit, procedural memory. In addition, sleep may change the quality of memory representations. Explicit and implicit learning systems, usually linked to the hippocampus and striatum, can compete during learning, but whether they continue to interact during offline periods remains unclear. Here, we investigate for feedback-driven classification learning, whether sleep integrates explicit and implicit aspects of memory. The negative relationship between implicit and explicit memory components was resolved over sleep, but not wakefulness. Additionally, sleep benefitted performance on a task that allows the cooperative use of explicit and implicit memory, and participants who slept showed superior performance in generalizing their knowledge to unseen exemplars. A reinforcement learning model relates this to better transfer of the learned exemplar value representation after sleep. This suggests that sleep integrates information learned by different routes and helps us respond optimally to everyday life contingencies.
The implementation of KPI (key performance indicators) to manage the Pharmacovigilance System of a public vaccine producer in Brazil
Authors: Oliveira Mayra M. M. , Oliveira Fernanda L. C. , Gattás Vera L. , Santos Clarissa L. , Wagner Gabriela A. , Taminato Monica 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundPharmacovigilance (PV) is a critical science aimed at enhancing patient safety. For a pharmacovigilance system (PVS) to be effective, it must be robust, efficient, and regularly evaluated to ensure ongoing improvement. Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are essential quantifiable measures that evaluate the performance of companies, processes, and systems, including pharmacovigilance.AimThis study aimed to implement and evaluate KPIs for the PVS of a public vaccine producer in Brazil, identifying improvement areas and supporting continuous enhancement.MethodsKPI selection for Instituto Butantan’s PVS was guided by a systematic review and benchmarking with pharmaceutical representatives, followed by validation through expert consensus. A dashboard was created for KPI implementation, with goals, measurements, and evaluation frequency detailed in the institution’s Standard Operating Procedure (SOP).ResultsThe review identified one KPI for a Marketing Authorization Holder (MAH) PV process. Interviews with pharmaceutical company representatives led to 25 additional KPIs, with one overlapping. After expert review, all KPIs were approved after adjustments, and 10 were piloted, including metrics like the number of individual case safety reports (ICSR), ICSR per product, and serious adverse events (SAE) per product. A dashboard tracked these KPIs monthly in 2022 and 2023.ConclusionOver two years, KPI evaluations proved valuable, prompting improvements in PV processes and tools. Results indicated that expanding to the remaining KPIs would further enhance Instituto Butantan’s PVS.Pharmacovigilance, Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), Quality Improvement
Mapping the bird reservoir potential for West Nile virus in Europe and its relationship with disease occurrence in humans
Authors: Bastard Jonathan , Métras Raphaëlle , Durand Benoit 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundWest Nile virus (WNV) is a zoonotic mosquito-borneFlavivirus, with bird populations reservoirs. Although often asymptomatic, infection in humans can cause febrile symptoms and more rarely, severe neurological symptoms that may lead to death. Mapping WNV bird reservoir is important towards understanding the distribution of WNV cases in humans.AimOur objective was to generate a WNV Reservoir Index (RI), quantifying the bird reservoir potential across Europe, and validate the RI using human cases notifications.MethodsWe first used a bird traits-based model to estimate WNV seroprevalence in 150 European passerine bird species. This allowed us to build a map of the WNV bird RI across Europe. To validate this metric, we investigated its association with WNV human cases notified at the NUTS administrative region scale, using a Besag-York-Mollie spatial model in a Bayesian framework.ResultsWe first identified eco-ethological characteristics associated with higher WNV seroprevalence in wild birds. Second, we mapped the RI that showed a strong spatial heterogeneity across Europe, with overall high RI values (i.e. a high reservoir potential for WNV) in Central and Eastern Europe, despite variations at small geographical scale. At the NUTS level, the RI was positively associated with the number of years with notified WNV human cases between 2016 and 2023.ConclusionsWe provide a map quantifying the suitability for WNV to circulate in the bird reservoir. This allows to target surveillance efforts in areas at risk for WNV zoonotic infections in the future.
Neurometabolic signaling and control of policy complexity
Authors: Tesmer Alexander L. , Pola Christine Dalla , Gilli Dino , Grujic Nikola , Bracey Eva F. , Patriarchi Tommaso , Peleg-Raibstein Daria , Polania Rafael , Burdakov Denis 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTCognition and adaptive behavior emerge from neural information processing. This must operate within finite metabolic constraints, since neural information processing is metabolically expensive. While neural implementations of action selection and learning are well-studied, systems allocating the informational capacity required to encode complex behavioral policies remain unknown. We hypothesized that hypothalamic hypocretin/orexin neurons (HONs) are uniquely positioned to signal and control policy complexity, given that they are activated by metabolic depletion and influence decision-making systems. To explore this, we employed a set of cell/neurotransmitter-specific imaging and causal manipulations during a multi-armed bandit task where freely behaving mice learned probabilistic state-action-reward relationships (together ∼100,000 decisions from >100 mice). Miniscope recordings of HON activity revealed that pre-choice, but not post-choice activity correlates with decision policy, dissociating decisions from feedback. Furthermore, manipulating HON signals with optogenetics and pharmacology confirmed that they causally regulate the development of complex policies. Finally, neurotransmitter-specific sensors revealed that hypocretin/orexin receptors modulate decision policy-related dopamine and noradrenaline dynamics in the nucleus accumbens and medial prefrontal cortex. These findings identify HONs as subcortical regulators of policy complexity, encoding critical signals for decision-making adjustments. This opens a new window for the development of comprehensive mechanistic models of strategic learning which account for interplay between decision-making policies and metabolic/informational constraints, and may guide the development of potential treatments for disorders with policy deficits such as autism and schizophrenia.
MIG-21 is a novel regulator of Wnt and Netrin signaling in gonad migration identified from published scRNA-seq data and functionally validated inC. elegans
Authors: Li Xin , Gordon Kacy Lynn 
Published: February 2025

AbstractUsing a recently published scRNA-seq dataset of adultC. eleganshermaphrodites, we identified a previously unknown regulator of the germ line stem cell niche (the distal tip cell, or DTC). The genemig-21has the highest “marker score”–yet no known role–in the DTC. Using classical genetics techniques, RNAi knockdown, and live cell imaging, we discovered thatmig-21integrates information from the Wnt and Netrin pathways to guide anteroposterior and dorsoventral DTC migration. Our study demonstrates the utility of scRNA-seq datasets in revealing testable hypotheses about genetic networks that were masked by redundancy in traditional screening methods.