bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetically Effective Population Size of Large Mammals: An Assessment of Estimators
Authors: HARRIS RICHARD B. , ALLENDORF FRED W. 
Published: April 2005

Abstract:We calculated genetically effective population sizes (Ne) for simulated grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) populations by tracing the loss of heterozygosity through time and compared them with estimates of N, produced by applying published formulas to demographic results from the simulation. Estimates of Ne using different formulas on identical data varied wadely. Equations published by Hill (1972), and modifications of those used by Ryman et al. (1981) and Reed et al. (1986), provided the most accurate estimates Minor population fluctuations had little effect on Ne but variation in lifetime reproductive success among mules (Vkm) greatly reduced N, from its expectation under random mating success All methods to estimate Ne for populations with complex demographics require extensive data, but estimates for Vkm in polygynous species are especially difficult to obtain. We suggest that simulation modeling may provide alternative methods to estimate Vkm and Ne
Automated preparation of platelet concentrates from pooled buffy coats: in vitro studies and experiences with the OrbiSac system
Authors: Larsson S. , Sandgren P. , Sjödin A. , Vesterinen M. , Gulliksson H. 
Published: April 2005

BACKGROUND: The aim was to evaluate platelet concentrates (PCs) prepared by the automated OrbiSac system, from pooled buffy coats (BCs) stored in a platelet (PLT) additive solution.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Experiment 1 was a paired in vitro study of PCs (from six BCs), prepared by automated and manual procedures. Experiments 2 and 3 evaluated PCs from OrbiSac (from six BCs); Experiment 3 included selection of BCs based on donor data. Experiment 4 was a paired in vitro study of PCs (from six BCs) with an integrated white blood cell (WBC) filter and two different storage containers. Experiment 5 evaluated PCs (from six BCs) from the OrbiSac with an integrated WBC filter. Experiment 6 was similar to Experiment 5 with computer‐selected pools of 5 BCs. The in vitro studies evaluated the effects of 7‐day storage of PLTs regarding PLT metabolism and disintegration.RESULTS: Experiments 1 and 4 had similar in vitro results. In Experiment 2, PLT content was 370 × 109 ± 70 × 109 per PC and recovery from BCs was 76 ± 6 percent. In Experiment 3, the PLT content was 380 × 109 ± 50 × 109 per PC and variation was reduced compared with randomly pooled BCs. In Experiment 5, increased PLT content was found (420 × 109 ± 70 × 109 per PC and recovery from BCs of 80 ± 5%). In Experiment 6, five rather than six BCs gave 340 × 109 ± 60 × 109 PLTs per PC and recovery was 79 ± 5 percent.CONCLUSION: These in vitro studies suggest that the OrbiSac technique is equivalent to the standard manual method regarding the PLT in vitro characteristics during storage for 7 days. The results of standardizing the PLT count in PCs by selecting the BCs pools on the basis of the blood donor PLT concentration were encouraging.
Molecular basis for para‐Bombay phenotypes in Chinese persons, including a novel nonfunctional FUT1 allele
Authors: Yan Lixing , Zhu Faming , Xu Xianguo , Hong Xiaozhen , Lv Qinfeng 
Published: April 2005

BACKGROUND: The para‐Bombay phenotype is characterized by H‐deficient or H‐partially deficient red blood cells (RBCs) in persons who secrete ABH antigens in their saliva. The studies that determined the genotypes for two Chinese individuals with the para‐Bombay phenotype are described.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: RBC phenotypes were characterized by conventional serologic methods. Exons 6 and 7 of the ABO gene were amplified, as well as the entire coding region for FUT1 and FUT2, with four independence polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) from genomic DNA. PCR products were excised, purified from agarose gels, and sequenced directly. Mutations of FUT1 were identified by TOPO cloning sequencing.RESULTS: For both individuals, RBC ABO genotypes correlated with ABH substances in their saliva. One individual (a patient) had two heterozygous mutations of FUT1 by direct DNA sequencing, namely, a C→T heterozygous mutation at position 293(C293T) and AG heterozygous deletion (CAGAGAG→CAGAG) at position 547 to 552. These two mutations were confirmed to be compound heterozygotes; that is, each mutation was determined to be on a separate homologous chromosome by TOPO cloning sequencing. The FUT2 genotype was Se357Se357. The other individual (a blood donor) had an AG deletion at position 547 to 552 homozygous allele in FUT1. The FUT2 genotype was Se357Se357,385. C293T mutation can cause Thr/Met at amino acid position 98. AG deletion at position 547 to 552 caused a reading frameshift and a premature stop codon.CONCLUSION: A novel nonfunctional FUT1 allele C293T was identified in a person with the para‐Bombay phenotype. This rare H‐deficient phenotype may result from different nonfunctional alleles.
Microarray‐based genotyping for blood groups: comparison of gene array and 5′‐nuclease assay techniques with human platelet antigen as a model
Authors: Bugert Peter , McBride Simon , Smith Graham , Dugrillon Alex , Klüter Harald , Ouwehand Willem H. , Metcalfe Paul 
Published: April 2005

BACKGROUND: Most blood group alloantigens specific for red cells and platelets (PLTs) are based on single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding relevant membrane proteins.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: By use of five human PLT antigen (HPA) systems as a model, the suitability of a fourth‐generation microarray technique for SNP typing was investigated. The results of the former were compared with those of a parallel developed third‐generation technique (TaqMan assay, Applied Biosystems). Both techniques were validated by use of a unique panel of 71 blinded DNA samples containing at least 15 aa, bb, and ab genotypes for the HPA‐1, ‐2, ‐3, ‐5, and‐15 systems.RESULTS: Unambiguous and concordant results were obtained with both techniques for all samples.CONCLUSION: The data presented here validate the use of microarray for large‐scale SNP typing for clinically relevant blood group alloantigens.
Rapid genotyping of blood group antigens by multiplex polymerase chain reaction and DNA microarray hybridization
Authors: Beiboer Sigrid H.W. , Wieringa‐Jelsma Tinka , Maaskant‐Van Wijk Petra A. , Van Der Schoot C. Ellen , Van Zwieten Rob , Roos Dirk , Den Dunnen Johan T. , De Haas Masja 
Published: April 2005

BACKGROUND: In the Netherlands, 500,000 blood donors are active. Blood of all donors is currently typed serologically for ABO, the Rh phenotype, and K. Only a subset of donors is typed twice for a larger set of red cell (RBC) and/or platelet (PLT) antigens. To increase the direct availability of typed RBCs and PLTs, a high‐throughput technique is being developed to genotype the whole donor cohort for all clinically relevant RBC and PLT antigens.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A multiplex polymerase chain reaction was developed to both amplify and fluorescently label 19 gene fragments of RBC and PLT antigens in one reaction. To test the setup of the genotyping method by microarray, a pilot study with human PLT antigen (HPA)‐typed donor samples was performed. On each slide, 12 arrays are present containing 20 probes per PLT antigen system (28 for HPA‐3). The allele‐specific oligohybridization method was used to discriminate between two different alleles.RESULTS: Two blinded panels encompassing 94 donors were genotyped for HPA‐1 through ‐5 and ‐15; no discrepancies were found compared to their serologic typing (HPA‐1, ‐2, ‐3, ‐4, and ‐5) and genotyping (HPA‐15; TaqMan, Applied Biosystems).CONCLUSION: This study shows that the HPA microarray provides a reliable and fast genotyping procedure. With further development an automated throughput for complete typing of large donor cohorts can be obtained.
Monoclonal antibody B2, a marker of neuroendocrine sympathoadrenal precursors, recognizes the Luke (LKE) antigen
Authors: Cooling Laura , Hwang Debbie 
Published: April 2005

BACKGROUND: Blood group antigens are physiologically important differentiation markers in embryogenesis and development. Monoclonal antibody (MoAb) B2 recognizes a transient antigen expressed on late sympathoadrenal neuroendocrine precursors and early sympathetic neuroblasts. It has been suggested that MoAb B2 may recognize a globo‐series glycosphingolipid (GSL) related to the P blood group family.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: MoAb B2 and two anti‐LKE MoAbs, MC813‐70 and RM1, were screened against a panel of GSL standards and isolated red blood cell (RBC) GSLs by high‐performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) immunostaining. The ability of all three MoAbs to bind intact RBCs and two LKE+ renal cell carcinoma cell lines (A498, ACHN) were examined by flow cytometry and hemagglutination.RESULTS: MoAbs B2, MC813‐70, and RM1 all specifically recognized monosialogalactosylgloboside (MSGG) on HPTLC immunostaining. Only MoAb MC813‐70 bound intact RBC by flow cytometry and hemagglutination. Differential staining was observed between the three antibodies and two renal cell carcinoma cell lines.CONCLUSION: MoAb B2 recognizes MSGG or LKE antigen, suggesting that LKE may play a role in neuroendocrine differentiation from neural crest cells. Although MoAb B2 is not suitable for RBC phenotyping, it may be a useful immunologic reagent for the identification of human embryonic stem cells and renal cell and embryonic carcinoma.
Fatal Yersinia enterocolitica biotype 4 serovar O:3 sepsis after red blood cell transfusion
Authors: Leclercq Alexandre , Martin Liliane , Vergnes Maya Laporte , Ounnoughene Nadra , Laran Jean‐François , Giraud Patrick , Carniel Elisabeth 
Published: April 2005

BACKGROUND: Although posttransfusion bacterial sepsis is rare, this complication is associated with a high mortality rate.CASE REPORT: A fatal case of septic shock was observed in a 71‐year‐old patient following transfusion of contaminated red blood cells (RBCs) for refractory anemia. Yersinia enterocolitica was isolated from the patient's blood sample and the transfused RBCs. Both strains were of bioserotype 4/O:3 and had the same NotI pulsotype. High titers of antibodies against Y. enterocolitica were detected in the donor's plasma sample 1 month after blood donation. The donor reported abdominal discomfort 3.5 months before blood collection but had no clinical signs of intestinal infection at the time of donation.CONCLUSION: Y. enterocolitica has been identified with increased frequency as a causative agent of posttransfusion septic shock. This nationwide investigation of these cases led to an estimated incidence of one case per 6.5 million RBC units distributed in France. Although rare, this often fatal complication remains nonpreventable worldwide owing to the lack of practical means for screening RBCs before transfusion.
Transfusion‐related exposure to the plasticizer di(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate in patients receiving plateletpheresis concentrates
Authors: Buchta Christoph , Bittner Claudia , Heinzl Harald , Höcker Paul , Macher Maria , Mayerhofer Matthias , Schmid Rainer , Seger Christoph , Dettke Markus 
Published: April 2005

BACKGROUND: Di(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) is a plasticizer that can leach from medical devices including storage bags for plateletpheresis concentrates (PCs). In this study, the DEHP exposure to patients receiving PCs was determined and several variables were evaluated to reduce DEHP load to PC recipients.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: In 12 patients, serum DEHP was assessed before and after PC transfusion. For in vitro investigations, PCs were produced either with donor plasma or with 65 percent additive solution (AS; T‐Sol) and stored for 5 days. Washing of PCs was performed according to AABB standards. DEHP levels were determined by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry.RESULTS: Transfusion of PCs led to a significant increase in serum DEHP. DEHP levels in the PCs continuously increased during storage, although the accumulation of DEHP was less in PCs stored in the AS, T‐Sol, than when stored in plasma. Storage‐related accumulation of DEHP contributed to a major part of the total DEHP load in PCs stored for 5 days. Washing of PCs led to a reduction of DEHP load.CONCLUSION: Recipients of PCs are exposed to DEHP, although the total amount represents only a small percentage of the defined tolerable intake. Reduction of storage time, the storage of PC in T‐Sol, or the exchange of the storage medium before transfusion are practicable means to reduce the DEHP load in PC.
Director Quality and Firm Performance
Authors: Fairchild Lisa , Li Joanne 
Published: April 2005

AbstractMany financial economists argue that the board of directors' efficacy in the monitoring of managerial behavior depends upon the quality of the directors. Assuming that there is a link between the stock performance of target firms and the quality of their directors, we empirically categorize directors receiving additional directorships following a takeover as “above average” and “below average.” We then follow the stock performance of firms hiring new directors for three years after their hiring. We match the two categories of directors with the performance of hiring firms after a director's appointment. Accounting for other contemporaneous effects, we regress the hiring firms' post‐performance on director quality and other attributes. The results indicate that directors of “above average” quality are related to hiring firms with “above average” post‐performance.
Risk Management and Insurance‐Related Journals: A Survey of Risk and Insurance Academics
Authors: Ferguson Tamela D. , Dorfman Mark S. , Ferguson William L. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis research provides an assessment of the utility and quality of risk management and insurance (RMI)‐related journals using professorial expert opinion. Although Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)‐produced citation counts and article impact factors are widely available and commonly used methods of journal comparison, they are limited to very few generally premier journals in any field, including RMI, leaving stakeholders with substantial gaps when benchmarking journal factors. We bridge this gap by comparing RMI faculty opinion of quality to SSCI assessments for 13 journals with results indicating general consistency across these measures. The expert opinion approach is extended to assess quality across a sample of 30 RMI‐related publications, along with assigning journal categories delineated based on reported academic utility, contributing to RMI boundary definitions. Posthoc analysis indicates only modest influences for some individual, institutional, and journal‐related factors on professorial perceptions, evidence that expert opinions are reliable measures of RMI journal utility and quality. Additionally, only modest differences are found in journal quality assessments by academics relative to the teaching versus research institutional mission of their employers, as well as across perceived individual teaching versus research role expectations. Thus, the expert opinion approach to evaluating utility and quality, coupled with regression and subsample analysis, aids RMI academics and other stakeholders in journal assessment and boundary definition issues. These contributions to the advancement of journal assessment methodologies in general may also prove useful across academic disciplines.
State Tax Credits and “Making Work Pay” in Post‐Welfare Reform Era
Authors: Beamer Glenn 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis article outlines the work incentives and income support provided by the federal Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) and illustrates how state earned income and dependent care credits assist working poor families. State earned income and dependent care tax credits serve as critical complements to the EITC, the federal government's largest antipoverty program. By attending to specific components of each tax credit, state policymakers can maximize state funds that qualify for federal maintenance of effort requirements under the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PROWRA), and they can reinforce positive effects and offset work disincentives stemming from current federal tax parameters.
Application of methyl jasmonate reduces growth but increases chemical defence and resistance against Hylobius abietis in Scots pine seedlings
Authors: Heijari Juha , Nerg Anne‐Marja , Kainulainen Pirjo , Viiri Heli , Vuorinen Martti , Holopainen Jarmo K. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractScots pine (Pinus sylvestris L., Pinaceae) produces a terpenoid resin which consists of monoterpenes and resin acids that offer protection against herbivores and pathogen attacks. Methyl jasmonate (MJ) is a potential plant elicitor which induces a wide range of chemical and anatomical defence reactions in conifers and might be used to increase resistance against biotic damage. Different amounts of MJ (control, 10 mm, and 100 mm) were applied to Scots pine to examine the vigour, physiology, herbivory performance, and induction of secondary compound production in needles, bark, and xylem of 2‐year‐old Scots pine seedlings. Growth decreased significantly in both MJ treated plants, and photosynthesis decreased in the 100 mm MJ treated plants, when compared to 10 mm MJ or control plants. The large pine weevil (Hylobius abietis L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) gnawed a significantly smaller area of stem bark in the 100 mm treated plants than in the control or 10 mm treated plants. The 100 mm MJ treatment increased the resin acid concentration in the needles and xylem but not in the bark. Furthermore, both MJ treatments increased the number of resin ducts in newly developing xylem. The changes in plant growth and chemical parameters after the MJ treatments indicate shifts in carbon allocation, but MJ also affects plant physiology and xylem development. Terpenoid resin production was tissue‐specific, but generally increased after MJ treatments, which means that this compound may offer potential protection of conifers against herbivores.
Response of garden chafer, Phyllopertha horticola, to plant volatiles: from screening to application
Authors: Ruther Joachim , Mayer Christoph J. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractField tests were performed on a golf course and in an apple orchard to screen synthetic plant volatiles with respect to their attractiveness for the garden chafer, Phyllopertha horticola L. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), and to investigate the possible application of plant volatiles for garden chafer control. The chemicals tested were green leaf volatiles (GLV), terpenoids, and phenylpropanoids. Funnel traps baited with the GLV (Z)‐3‐hexen‐1‐ol, 1‐hexanol (Z)‐3‐hexenal, and hexanal captured more P. horticola than unbaited controls. Furthermore, traps baited with all tested floral terpenoids (i.e., geraniol, geranyl acetate, citronellol, linalool, and nerol) and phenylpropanoids (i.e., eugenol, anethol, isoeugenol, eugenyl acetate, and isoeugenyl acetate) captured more garden chafers than controls. Different dispenser types loaded once with a mixture of (Z)‐3‐hexen‐1‐ol (50%), geraniol (11.5%), eugenol (27%), and 2‐phenylethyl propionate (11.5%) attracted P. horticola over a whole flight season. A commercially available membrane dispenser had the best properties, combining the highest number of captured beetles with a low release rate. A simple modification of the trap design, i.e., a reduction of the funnel outlet diameter, significantly reduced the capture of beneficial non‐target insects (Apoidea), without influencing the number of captured garden chafers. A mass trapping experiment in the apple orchard revealed that the use of attractant traps significantly reduced the percentage of apples disfigured by feeding holes of adult garden chafers (control area: 18.9%, test area: 11.6%). The possible application of synthetic plant volatiles in mass trapping and monitoring approaches for garden chafer control is discussed.
The jasmonate pathway alters herbivore feeding behaviour: consequences for plant defences
Authors: Rodriguez‐Saona Cesar , Thaler Jennifer S. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe jasmonate pathway is a highly conserved defensive cascade in plants that regulates the induction of resistance against herbivores; however, its role in herbivore feeding behaviour remains unknown. We used a mutant tomato plant (def‐1) deficient in the production of jasmonate‐related defensive proteins to test the hypothesis that genotypes with a reduced ability to induce resistance have a higher and more concentrated pattern of herbivore damage. Wild‐type and def‐1 plants received either damage by Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) caterpillars or no damage. After treatment, we tested for systemic responses by allowing a free roaming S. exigua caterpillar to feed on the undamaged portions of plants. Weight‐gain and leaf consumption of S. exigua were highest on def‐1 plants, regardless of prior herbivore damage. Def‐1 plants also had fewer numbers of leaves and leaflets eaten, and fewer feeding holes, which was indicative of a more concentrated distribution of damage on mutant compared to wild‐type plants. Following these results, we mimicked the amount and distribution of feeding damage that wild‐type or jasmonate‐deficient plants would receive on wild‐type plants to test whether changes in feeding behaviour may feedback to influence the expression of induced resistance. We mimicked the distribution of damage in wild‐type and jasmonate‐deficient plants by allowing caterpillars to feed on either one (leaf 1 or 2) or two leaves (leaf 1 and 2). Increased herbivore damage resulted in higher proteinase inhibitor (PI) activity, a jasmonate‐regulated defensive protein, and lower S. exigua performance on wild‐type but not jasmonate‐deficient plants. Compared to undamaged plants, a concentrated pattern of herbivore damage increased systemic resistance; these induced responses were greater on leaflets with stronger vascular connections to the damaged leaf. A more dispersed pattern of caterpillar damage altered the expression of induced responses, but the outcome depended on the specific pattern of damage. When leaf 1 was damaged and then leaf 2, the undamaged (third) leaf (which is more strongly connected to leaf 1 than 2) expressed reduced the PI activity compared to plants receiving concentrated damage to leaf 1; whereas in plants where leaf 2 was first damaged and then leaf 1, there were no differences in PI activity in leaf 3 compared to plants receiving concentrated damage to leaf 2. Thus, induction of the jasmonate pathway may not only determine the amount and distribution of feeding damage by herbivores, but this may feedback to affect the subsequent expression of plant defence.
Phenotypic plasticity of the reproductive system of female Leptinotarsa undecimlineata
Authors: López‐Carretero Antonio , Cruz Magdalena , Eben Astrid 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe effect of a non‐host plant, Solanum myriacanthum, on ovarian dynamics and longevity of Leptinotarsa undecimlineata (Stål) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) was studied under laboratory conditions. Females reared on the natural host, S. lanceolatum, served as controls. Female beetles did not accumulate eggs on the non‐host. After continuous exposure to S. myriacanthum, the production of basal oocytes was diminished and oocytes were reabsorbed. Oocyte size, however, was not affected when compared to females fed with S. lanceolatum. In control females, the first mature eggs appeared at 34 days old. No eggs matured in females fed with the non‐host in the 54‐day duration of our experiment. Continuous exposure to the non‐host resulted in significantly less resorption of reproductive resources than a stress period of 20 days on the non‐host. Egg resorption was completely reversible after the preferred host was re‐offered for another 20 days. Further studies under field conditions will be necessary to understand why this Leptinotarsa species uses only one of two sympatric Solanum species.