bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scale and shape issues in focused cluster power for count data
Authors: Puett Robin C , Lawson Andrew B , Clark Allan B , Aldrich Tim E , Porter Dwayne E , Feigley Charles E , Hebert James R 
Published: April 2005

Abstract

Background
Interest in the development of statistical methods for disease cluster detection has experienced rapid growth in recent years. Evaluations of statistical power provide important information for the selection of an appropriate statistical method in environmentally-related disease cluster investigations. Published power evaluations have not yet addressed the use of models for focused cluster detection and have not fully investigated the issues of disease cluster scale and shape. As meteorological and other factors can impact the dispersion of environmental toxicants, it follows that environmental exposures and associated diseases can be dispersed in a variety of spatial patterns. This study simulates disease clusters in a variety of shapes and scales around a centrally located single pollution source. We evaluate the power of a range of focused cluster tests and generalized linear models to detect these various cluster shapes and scales for count data.

Results
In general, the power of hypothesis tests and models to detect focused clusters improved when the test or model included parameters specific to the shape of cluster being examined (i.e. inclusion of a function for direction improved power of models to detect clustering with an angular effect). However, power to detect clusters where the risk peaked and then declined was limited.

Conclusion
Findings from this investigation show sizeable changes in power according to the scale and shape of the cluster and the test or model applied. These findings demonstrate the importance of selecting a test or model with functions appropriate to detect the spatial pattern of the disease cluster.
Use of intranasal mupirocin to prevent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in intensive care units
Authors: Muller Arno , Talon Daniel , Potier Alexandre , Belle Evelyne , Cappelier Gilles , Bertrand Xavier 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
Introduction
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causes severe morbidity and mortality in intensive care units (ICUs) worldwide. The purpose of this study was to determine whether intranasal mupirocin prophylaxis is useful to prevent ICU-acquired infections with MRSA.

Materials and methods
We conducted a 4-year observational retrospective study in a 15-bed adult medical ICU. During the first 2-year period mupirocin ointment was included in the MRSA control programme; during the second, mupirocin was not used. The main endpoint was the number of endogenous ICU-acquired infections with MRSA.

Results
The number of endogenous acquired infections was significantly higher during the second period than during the first (11 versus 1; P = 0.02), although there was no significant difference in the total number of patients infected with MRSA between the two periods. We also observed that nasal MRSA decolonisation was significantly higher in the mupirocin period than in mupirocin-free period (P = 0.002).

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that intranasal mupirocin can prevent endogenous acquired MRSA infection in an ICU. Further double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled studies are needed to demonstrate its cost-effectiveness and its impact on resistance.
Growth Hormone Modulates Thymocyte Development in Vivo through a Combined Action of Laminin and CXC Chemokine Ligand 12
Authors: Smaniotto Salete , de Mello-Coelho Valéria , Villa-Verde Déa Maria Serra , Pléau Jean-Marie , Postel-Vinay Marie-Catherine , Dardenne Mireille , Savino Wilson 
Published: April 2005

AbstractPrevious evidence indicates that GH modulates thymic cell migration. In this study we approached this issue in vivo, studying thymocyte migration in GH transgenic animals and in normal mice treated intrathymically with GH. Extracellular matrix and chemokines are involved in thymocyte migration. In this respect, thymocyte adhesion to laminin was higher in GH-treated animals than controls, and the numbers of migrating cells in laminin-coated Transwells was higher in GH-transgenic and GH-injected mice. Additionally, CXC chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12)-driven migration was higher in GH-Tg and GH-treated animals compared with controls. Interestingly, although CXCR4 expression on thymocytes did not change in GH-Tg mice, the CXCL12 intrathymic contents were higher. We found that CXCL12, in conjunction with laminin, would additionally enhance the migration of thymocytes previously exposed to high concentrations of GH in vivo. Lastly, there was an augmentation of recent thymic emigrants in lymph nodes from GH-Tg and GH-injected animals. In conclusion, enhanced thymocyte migration in GH transgenic mice as well as GH-injected mice results at least partially from a combined action of laminin and CXCL12. Considering that GH is presently being used as an adjuvant therapeutic agent in immunodeficiencies, including AIDS, the concepts defined herein provide important background knowledge for future GH-based immune interventions.
Enhancement of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-Induced Growth Inhibition by Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Protein-5 (IGFBP-5), But Not IGFBP-3 in Human Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Butt Alison J. , Dickson Kristie A. , Jambazov Stan , Baxter Robert C. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractExpression of IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) and IGFBP-5 in human breast cancer cells induces apoptosis and is associated with modulations in Bcl-2 proteins, suggesting that these IGFBPs induce an intrinsic apoptotic pathway. In this study we demonstrate that although both IGFBPs induced the activation of caspase-8 and caspase-9, the expression of IGFBP-5, but not IGFBP-3, sensitized MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells to the inhibitory effects of TNFα. This sensitivity to TNFα was associated with a block in nuclear factor-κB-mediated cell survival signals. IGFBP-5 expression was also associated with a caspase-8-independent activation of Bid, increased levels of cytosolic second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (Smac)/direct inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP) binding protein with low pI (DIABLO), and an enhanced phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, both basally and in response to TNFα. These results suggest that IGFBP-5 expression may influence extrinsic apoptotic pathways via a differential modulation of downstream cell survival and cell death pathways. Furthermore, although IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-5 share much structural and functional homology, they can modulate distinct apoptotic pathways in human breast cancer cells.
Differential Adaptive Responses to Chronic Stress of Maternally Stressed Male Mice Offspring
Authors: Chung Sooyoung , Son Gi Hoon , Park Sung Ho , Park Eonyoung , Lee Kun Ho , Geum Dongho , Kim Kyungjin 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
It is well established that stress in early life can alter the activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, but most studies to date have focused on HPA reactivity in response to a single acute stress. The present study addressed whether stress in pregnant mice could influence the adaptive responses of their offspring to chronic stress. Male offspring were exclusively used in this study. Elevated plus maze tests revealed that 14 d of repeated restraint stress (6 h per day; from postnatal d 50–63) significantly increased anxiety-like behavior in maternally stressed mice. NBI 27914, a CRH receptor antagonist, completely eliminated anxiety-related behaviors in a dose-dependent manner, indicating an involvement of a hyperactive CRH system. In accordance with increased anxiety, CRH contents in the hypothalamus and amygdala were significantly higher in these mice. Despite an increased basal activity of the CRH-ACTH system, the combination of chronic prenatal and postnatal stress resulted in a significant reduction of basal plasma corticosterone level, presumably because of a defect in adrenal function. Along with alterations in hypothalamic and hippocampal corticosteroid receptors, it was also demonstrated that a dysfunction in negative feedback inhibition of the HPA axis could be deteriorated by chronic stress in maternally stressed male mice. Taken together, these results indicate that exposure to maternal stress in the womb can affect an animal’s coping capacity to chronic postnatal stress.
Adrenocorticotropin Evokes Transient Elevations in Intracellular Free Calcium ([Ca2+]i) and Increases Basal [Ca2+]i in Resting Chondrocytes through a Phospholipase C-Dependent Mechanism
Authors: Evans Jodi F. , Shen Chwan-L , Pollack Simcha , Aloia John F. , Yeh James K. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBoth clinical and in vitro evidence points to the involvement of the melanocortin peptide, ACTH, in the terminal differentiation of chondrocytes. Terminal differentiation along the endochondral pathway is responsible for linear growth, but also plays a role in osteoarthritic cartilage degeneration. Chondrocyte terminal differentiation is associated with an incremental increase in chondrocyte basal intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i), and ACTH agonism of melanocortin receptors is known to mobilize [Ca2+]i. Using differentiated resting chondrocytes highly expressing type II collagen and aggrecan, we examined the influence of both ACTH and dexamethasone treatment on matrix gene transcription and [Ca2+]i. Resting chondrocytes treated concurrently with dexamethasone and ACTH expressed matrix gene transcripts in a pattern consistent with that of rapid terminal differentiation. Using the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator, fura-2, we determined that ACTH evokes transient increases in [Ca2+]i and elevates basal Ca2+ levels in resting chondrocytes. The transient increases were initiated intracellularly, were abrogated by the phospholipase C-specific inhibitor, U73122, and were partly attenuated by myo-inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor inhibition via 10 mm caffeine. The initial intracellular release also resulted in store-operated calcium entry, presumably through store-operated channels. Dexamethasone priming increased both the initial ACTH-evoked [Ca2+]i release and the subsequent store-operated calcium entry. These data demonstrate roles for ACTH and glucocorticoid in the regulation of chondrocyte terminal differentiation. Because the actions of ACTH are mediated through known G protein-coupled receptors, the melanocortin receptors, these data may provide a new therapeutic target in the treatment of growth deficiencies and cartilage degeneration.
Molecular Modeling Studies on Zeolite Catalysts for Shape-Selective Electrophilic Substitution: I Acylation of 2-Methoxynaphthalene
Authors: Bharathi Patibandla , Waghmode Suresh B , Sivasanker Subramanian , Vetrivel Rajappan 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
The diffusion characteristics of acylated 2-methoxynaphthalene inside large pore zeolites were investigated. The interaction of the three isomers with fully siliceous zeolite lattices was studied by energy-minimization calculations. The favorable adsorption sites and the orientation of the acylated products of 2-methoxynaphthalene were analyzed in detail. Three large pore zeolites having 12 m channels were selected: (i) mordenite with an elliptical 1-d channel, (ii) zeolite-L with a circular channel and 2-d cages, and (iii) zeolite-β with circular 3-d channel systems. It was observed that the shape selectivity properties of the zeolites could be profitably used to produce 2-acyl-6-methoxynaphthalene. In the case of mordenite, the diffusion of all three isomers is facile, whereas in the case of zeolite-L, the diffusion of 1-acyl-7-methoxynaphthalene is more facile than 2-acyl-6-methoxynaphthalene and 1-acyl-2-methoxynaphthalene. In the case of zeolite-β, the energy barrier for the diffusion of 2-acyl-6-methoxynaphthalene is significantly smaller than those of the other two isomers. Thus zeolite-β is predicted to be a suitable catalyst for the shape-selective acylation of 2-methoxynaphthalene to 2-acyl-6-methoxynaphthalene.
Immobilization of Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complexes onto a Hydroquinonethiol-Modified Gold Electrode
Authors: Matsumoto Kiyoharu , Nomura Kazuhiro , Tohnai Yasunari , Fujioka Shuji , Wada Masanori , Erabi Tatsuo 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
The immobilization of reaction center complexes onto a gold electrode was attempted through the binding affinity between reaction centers and hydroquinone-2-thiol adsorbed on an electrode surface. The largest anodic photoresponse by immobilized reaction centers was observed using ubiquinone B-depleted reaction centers and with the pre-oxidation of adsorbed hydroquinone-2-thiol, indicating that the degree of the orientation of reaction center particles increases through the binding affinity between vacant QB-sites in the particles and p-benzoquinonethiol. This anodic photoresponse could be elongated over a period of 5 h (2500 cycles of turnover number) by adding cytochrome c2 into the electrolytic solution.
Fluorescence Polarization of Inclusion Complexes of β-Cyclodextrin with 6-Anilino-2-naphthalenesulfonate and 8-Anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate in Aqueous d-Glucose Solutions
Authors: Hamai Sanyo 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
In aqueous and aqueous d-glucose solutions, 6-anilino-2-naphthalenesulfonate (2,6-ANS) and 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate (1,8-ANS) form 1:1 inclusion complexes with β-CD. The molecular volume of 2,6-ANS bound to the β-CD cavity has been evaluated to be 4.7 nm3 from the viscosity dependence (Perrin plot) of the 2,6-ANS fluorescence polarization. This value indicates that 2,6-ANS incorporated into the β-CD cavity rotates as the inclusion complex on a fluorescence lifetime scale. The molecular volume of 2,6-ANS in solution without β-CD has been evaluated to be 0.88 nm3, which provides additional evidence for the whole rotation of the β-CD–2,6-ANS inclusion complex. The molecular volume of 1,8-ANS bound to the β-CD has been evaluated to be 2.7 nm3, which is comparable to the calculated molecular volume (1.9 nm3) of β-CD, indicating that 1,8-ANS most likely rotates as the inclusion complex. The fact that the molecular volume of the 1,8-ANS inclusion complex is smaller than that of the 2,6-ANS inclusion complex may be attributed to the differences in the binding site of β-CD and the substitution positions of anilino and sulfonato groups.
Multielement Determination of Trace Elements in Coastal Seawater by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry with Aid of Chelating Resin Preconcentration
Authors: Yabutani Tomoki , Ji Shan , Mouri Fumihiko , Sawatari Hideyuki , Itoh Akihide , Chiba Koichi , Haraguchi Hiroki 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
The multielement determination of trace elements in coastal seawater by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry has been investigated with the aid of chelating resin preconcentration. First, each coastal seawater sample (250 ml) was treated with a chelating resin (Chelex 100) at pH 6 for preconcentration of trace elements. After filtration with a glass filter, the resin on the filter was carefully rinsed with 8 ml of 1 M ammonium acetate solution. Then, trace elements adsorbed on the resin were eluted with 6 ml of 2 M HNO3. As a result, the preconcentration factor of 41.7 fold was obtained, with the total concentration of matrix elements (Na, K, Mg, and Ca) less than 200 mg dm−3. The recovery values were larger than 80% for 22 elements among 29 elements determined. The present method was applied to the determination of trace elements in the coastal seawater certified reference material CASS-3, issued from National Research Council of Canada (NRC), as well as to the coastal seawater sample collected from Tokoname off-shore.
Dioxomolybdenum(VI) and Dioxotungsten(VI) Structure with Mono(Dithiolato) Coordination: Crystal Structures, Properties and Reactivity of [{MVIO2(dithiolato)}2(μ-O)]2− (M = Mo and W) Complexes
Authors: Oku Hiroyuki , Ueyama Norikazu , Nakamura Akira 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
Novel mono(dithiolato) molybdenum(VI) and tungsten(VI) complexes were isolated through the searching for potential active species in the catalytic air oxidation of benzoin by [MoVO(SR)4]− complexes. Among these, (NEt4)2[{MoVIO2(3-triphenylsilyl-1,2-benzenedithiolato)}2(μ-O)]·2DMF (1), (PPh4)2[{WVIO2(1,2-benzenedithiolato)}2(μ-O)] (3), and (NEt4)2[{WVIO2(2,3-naphthalenedithiolato)}2(μ-O)] (5) were structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography. The electrochemical, electronic, as well as Raman/IR spectral properties of the tungsten complexes, 3 and 5, have been investigated and compared with the corresponding bis(dithiolato) complexes, e.g. [WVIO2(dithiolato)2]2−. The μ-oxo-binuclear species, [{MoVIO2(SR)2}2(μ-O)]2−, is proposed as a possible active species for the catalytic air oxidation of benzoin by the Mo(V) thiolato complexes.
Sulfur-Bridged Incomplete Cubane-Type Iminodiacetato Molybdenum Clusters: Geometrical Isomers and Their Isomerization
Authors: Shibahara Takashi , Yoshida Shun , Maeyama Masataka , Kojima Masaaki 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
Reaction of the incomplete cubane-type aqua clusters [Mo3(μ3-S)(μ-S)3(H2O)9]4+ (A) with H2ida ( = iminodiacetic acid) followed by ion exchange separation gave four geometrical isomers of [Mo3(μ3-S)(μ-S)3(ida)3]2− (hereafter [Mo3S4(ida)3]2−; A1, A2, A3, and A4 based on the elution sequence), which were isolated as solid samples: Ca[Mo3S4(ida)3]·12H2O (A1′), Ca[Mo3S4(ida)3]·21H2O (A2′), Ca[Mo3S4(ida)3]·10H2O (A3′), and Ca[Mo3S4(ida)3]·14H2O (A4′), respectively. The X-ray structural analyses of A2′ and A4′ revealed that the three nitrogen atoms of three ida ligands in each isomer have the configuration of “trans, trans, cis” and “cis, cis, cis” to μ3-S’s, respectively. The X-ray structure of A1′ has already been determined to have “trans, trans, trans” configuration, therefore, that of A3′ is estimated to have “trans, cis, cis” configuration. HPLC analysis reveals that each isomer isomerizes, cis–transconversion of the ida ligand occurring one by one, and that in equilibrium the anions A1 (18%), A2 (68%), and A3 (14%) exist and A4 does not exist. The advent of A4 is possible only in the course of preparation from A and H2ida.
Generation of Nitrile Oxides from Oxime Derivatives by the Oxidation with Ammonium Hexanitratocerate(IV)
Authors: Arai Noriyoshi , Iwakoshi Mitsuhiko , Tanabe Katsuhiko , Narasaka Koichi 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
Aromatic and aliphatic nitrile oxides are generated by the oxidation of α-hydroxyimino carboxylic acid with ammonium hexanitratocerate(IV). They react with olefinic and acetylenic dipolarophiles to give the corresponding cycloaddition products in good yield. The oxidation of α-oxo aldoximes also affords α-oxo carbonitrile oxides.
A Convenient Synthesis of (E)-4-Alkoxy-2-amino-3-butenoic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Irisawa Susumu , Akamatsu Hideki , Takahashi Masaki , Kitamura Taichi , Tanmatsu Miyuki , Morikawa Osamu , Konishi Hisatoshi 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
(E)-4-Alkoxy-2-formylamino-3-butenoic acid esters have been prepared in two steps from 3-alkoxy-1-isocyanopropenes. The method is based on the reaction of 3-alkoxy-1-isocyano-1-lithiopropenes, which can be generated by the treatment of 3-alkoxy-1-isocyanopropenes with LDA in THF at −78 °C, with alkyl chlorocarbonates, affording 4-alkoxy-2-isocyano-3-butenoates. These isocyano esters have been easily transformed into the corresponding formylamino esters by treating with concd HCl in Et2O at −20 °C. Subsequently, the introduction of a substituent into the 2-position has been achieved by ethoxycarbonylation with ethyl chlorocarbonate, followed by alkylation with alkyl halides by using hexamethylphosphoric triamide (HMPA) as a co-solvent. The resulting alkylated isocyano 3-butenoates have been similarly hydrolyzed with concd HCl to the corresponding 2-formylamino-3-butenoates.
Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Benzyl Ketones and α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl and Phenolic Compounds with o-Dibromobenzenes to Produce Cyclic Products
Authors: Terao Yoshito , Satoh Tetsuya , Miura Masahiro , Nomura Masakatsu 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
A number of carbonyl and phenolic compounds efficiently couple with o-dibromobenzenes in the presence of a palladium catalyst and a base to give the corresponding oxygen-containing heterocycles or carbocyclic compounds. Thus, from the reactions of benzyl phenyl ketones, 1-naphthols, and α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones, benzofuran, benzopyran, benzocyclobutane, and indene derivatives, respectively, are produced selectively via the successive formation of C–C and C–O bonds or of two C–C bonds.
Corrosion of commercial spent nuclear fuel. 2. Radiochemical analyses of metastudtite and leachates
Authors: McNamara Bruce , Hanson Brady D. , Buck Edgar C. , Soderquist Chuck 
Published: April 2005

SummaryImmersing commercial spent nuclear fuel (CSNF) in deionized water produced two corrosion products after a 2-year contact period. Suspensions of aggregates were observed to form at the air–water interface for each of five samples. These suspended aggregates were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) to be metastudtite (UO4·2H2O), while the corrosion present on the surface of the fuel itself was determined to be studtite [(UO2)(O2)(H2O)2](H2O)2]. The presence of unreacted UO2matrix was below the limits of detection by XRD for the three samples examined. The result prompted a radiochemical analysis of the solids collected from the sample air–water interface. The analysis indicated that high concentrations of90Sr,137Cs, and99Tc, relative to the fuel inventory, had concentrated at the air–water interface along with the aggregates of metastudtite. Concentrations of241Am were at least two orders of magnitude lower than expected in these solids, and retention of237Np and239Pu into the corrosion product was observed. The combined radiochemical analyses of the air–water interface aggregates and leachate samples are a rare example of radionuclide partitioning to an alteration phase and may provide preliminary evidence for mechanisms that give rise to such noticeable departures from fuel-inventory values. The leachate radiochemical data are compared to existing data from hydration of the same CSNF.
Hybrid twinning – a cooperative type of oriented crystal association
Authors: Nespolo Massimo , Ferraris Giovanni 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe reticular theory of twinning is extended to include the contribution of different, coexisting sublattices that consist of quasi-restored nodes (cooperative sublattices) and are characterized by a specific superposition index. The overall degree of quasi-restoration of the twin lattice is a function of the superposition index of the cooperative sublattices, and is expressed by a new parameter, calledeffective twin index, which is the generalization of the classical twin index. Twins where the effective twin index is lower than the classical twin index are termedhybrid twins. Several twins (e.g. twins of pyrite and of forsterite) that could not so far be explained by the reticular theory because of their too high twin index are interpreted as hybrid twins. The effect of hybrid twins on diffraction patterns is discussed.