bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN FACIAL AND AURAL TEMPERATURE USING NEURAL NETWORKS AND IR FEVER SCANNER: A RESPONSIBLE SECOND LOOK
Authors: NG E. Y. K. , CHONG COLIN , KAW G. J. L. 
Published: May 2005

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is a highly infectious disease caused by a coronavirus. Screening to detect potential SARS infected subject with elevated body temperature plays an important role in preventing the spread of SARS. The use of infrared (IR) thermal imaging cameras has thus been proposed as a non-invasive, speedy, cost-effective and fairly accurate means for mass blind screening of potential SARS infected persons. Infrared thermography provides a digital image showing temperature patterns. This has been previously utilized in the detection of inflammation and nerve dysfunctions. It is believed that IR cameras may potentially be used to detect subjects with fever, the cardinal symptom of SARS and avian influenza. The accuracy of the infrared system can, however, be affected by human, environmental, and equipment variables. It is also limited by the fact that the thermal imager measures the skin temperature and not the body core temperature. Thus, the use of IR thermal systems at various checkpoints for mass screening of febrile persons is scientifically unjustified such as what is the false negative rate and most importantly not to create false sense of security. This paper aims to study the effectiveness of infrared systems for its application in mass blind screening to detect subjects with elevated body temperature. For this application, it is critical for thermal imagers to be able to identify febrile from normal subjects accurately. Minimizing the number of false positive and false negative cases improves the efficiency of the screening stations. False negative results should be avoided at all costs, as letting a SARS infected person through the screening process may result in potentially catastrophic results. Hitherto, there is lack of empirical data in correlating facial skin with body temperature. The current work evaluates the correlations (and classification) between the facial skin temperatures to the aural temperature using the artificial neural network approach to confirm the suitability of the thermal imagers for human temperature screening. We show that the Train Back Propagation and Kohonen self-organizing map (SOM) can form an opinion about the type of network that is better to complement thermogram technology in fever diagnosis to drive a better parameters for reducing the size of the neural network classifier while maintaining good classification accuracy.
Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Leptin Synthesis and Release Are Differentially Controlled by Alpha-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone
Authors: Mastronardi Claudio A. , Srivastava Vinod , Yu Wen H. , Dees W. Les , McCann S.M. 
Published: May 2005

<i>Objective:</i> Since α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) inhibits the synthesis and release of proinflammatory cytokines and stimulates the synthesis and release of anti-inflammatory cytokines, and leptin is a cytokine that has anti-inflammatory actions in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), we hypothesized that α-MSH increases leptin synthesis and release. <i>Methods:</i> α-MSH or 0.9% NaCl (saline) were injected intraperitoneally 15 min prior to intravenous injection of 0.5 ml of saline or LPS (0.15 mg/kg). Thereafter, repeated blood samples were withdrawn over a period of 6 h and plasma leptin concentrations determined. The rats were sacrificed at 6 h and leptin mRNA was measured in epididymal fat pads. <i>Results:</i> Plasma leptin concentrations of the saline-injected control group were unaltered during the 6 h, whereas in the LPS group, leptin was unaltered between 0 and 30 min and thereafter progressively increased between 30 and 360 min by 2.5-fold. α-MSH slightly increased plasma leptin concentrations by 15 min and then increased them further by 120 min, after which they declined towards baseline. The pattern of plasma leptin concentrations in the α-MSH + LPS group was similar to that of the LPS group, except that higher concentrations were observed at 120 min in the rats injected with α-MSH + LPS. LPS increased leptin mRNA by 3-fold at 6 h, whereas it was unaffected in the MSH-treated animals. On the contrary, α-MSH completely blocked the LPS-induced leptin mRNA. <i>Conclusions:</i> Our results suggest that α-MSH increased leptin release without altering its synthesis, but when LPS increased release and synthesis of leptin, α-MSH, although further increasing release, blocked the enhanced synthesis of leptin elicited by LPS.
On the Boundaries of the State and the State of Boundaries in Iran
Authors: GODAZGAR Hossein , FATHI Laleh 
Published: May 2005

English Inspired mainly by Barth’s and Jacobson’s models of analysis, the authors explore the interrelationship between religion and ethnicity among young Iranian women who are Christian Armenians, Sunni Kurds and Shi’ite Azerian Turks. The major question is whether modern Iran displays a unitary notion of Islam, in which Muslims are considered as a single community and people are categorized in terms of their religious identity, as if there was no place for other identities. Alternatively, the authors ask whether modern Iran presents religious and ethnic communities and identities in all their diversity. Their findings reveal a variety of conclusions. First, Iran exhibits a diversity of identities and differences among both Muslim and non-Muslim people, all of whom live under the rule of an Islamic government. Second, both the religious and ethnic boundaries of young Iranian women are relatively permeable and fluid in comparison with those of previous generations. Third, the state’s ideological boundaries have not persuaded young Muslims to show solidarity towards fraternity based on the “ummah” or Muslim community. French Principalement inspiré par les modèles d'analyse de Barth et Jacobson, les auteurs traitent de la corrélation entre la religion et l'ethnicité parmi les jeunes femmes iraniennes chrétiennes arméniennes, kurdes sunnites et turques azériennes chiites. Le problème posé est de savoir si l'Iran moderne propose une conception unitaire de l'islam, qui considère les musulmans comme une communauté unique et le peuple en fonction de sa seule identité religieuse, ce qui ne laisserait pas de place à d'autres identités ou, au contraire, s'il prend en compte les communautés et les identités religieuses et ethniques dans toute leur diversité. Les résultats des recherches vont en sens divers. D'une part, l'Iran dirigé par un gouvernement islamique montre néanmoins des signes d'ouverture à la diversité des identités et à la différence entre peuples musulman et non-musulman. D'autre part, les limites, à la fois religieuses et ethniques, imposées aux jeunes étudiantes sont relativement perméables et fluides si on les compare à celles de la génération précédente. Finalement, les limites idéologiques de l'Etat n'ont pas poussé la jeunesse musulmane à être cohésive envers la fraternité ummah.
Les relations islamo-chrétiennes à l’ épreuve des générations
Authors: LAMINE Anne-Sophie 
Published: May 2005

English This is an investigation of the generation effect in Christian-Muslim relations. Inter-faith activities have been developing rapidly for the past 15 years in France. They raise questions related to religious identities, recognition of minorities and geopolitical effects. Christian participants are often pensioners, whereas Muslims are much younger. The issue of religious identity arises both among young Muslims and young Christians, but often has opposite effects. Muslims find a place for diversity and recognition in inter-faith, whereas the Christians find it difficult to affirm themselves as believers in a secular society and are less attracted to dialogue. The generation gap between younger and older Muslims, in addition to the effect on religiosity, influences relations with non-Muslims. Activities aimed at getting along together, rather than holding discussions, are generally more attractive to younger participants. Moreover, these inter-faith relations are strongly characterized by a failure to appreciate the other, which can turn into a kind of paternalism. French L'auteure traite de l'effet des générations dans les relations islamo-chrétiennes. Les activités interreligieuses se sont beaucoup développées en France depuis une quinzaine d'années. Elles soulèvent des questions identitaires, de reconnaissance et d'impacts de l'actualité géopolitique. Les participants chrétiens sont majoritairement retraités, alors que les musulmans sont plus jeunes. La question identitaire se pose chez les jeunes musulmans comme chez les jeunes chrétiens mais avec des effets opposés. Les premiers voient dans ces rencontres un lieu de reconnaissance alors que les seconds, éprouvant une difficulté d'affirmation dans un monde sécularisé, sont moins enclins au dialogue. La différence générationnelle entre jeunes musulmans et leurs aînés, outre l'effet sur la religiosité, influence la relation aux non-musulmans. Les activités, ayant pour but le vivre ensemble plutôt que l'organisation de colloques, attirent des participants globalement plus jeunes. Enfin, ces relations interreligieuses sont fortement marquées par la mésestime et peuvent prendre des formes de paternalisme.
The Evangelical Milieu: Defining Criteria and Reproduction across the Generations
Authors: STOLZ Jorg , FAVRE Olivier 
Published: May 2005

English The authors give the first description of evangelicalism in Switzerland using representative data. It is shown that evangelicalism can be conceived of as a “milieu” which is characterized by certain structural and cultural traits, boundaries and high internal communication. The relative success of the evangelical milieu compared to other religious milieus is explained by its remarkable ability to retain its own numerous offspring, while on the other hand providing a “religious product” that is also attractive to people without an evangelical familial background. French Les auteurs utilisent des données représentatives afin de faire, pour la première fois, une description de l'évangélisme en Suisse. Ils montrent qu'on peut parler de l'évangélisme comme d'un "milieu'' qui se caractérise par certains attributs structurels et culturels, des frontières et une communication interne élevée. Le succès relatif du milieu évangélique comparé à d'autres milieux s'explique par sa capacité remarquable à retenir les enfants de ses membres dans le mouvement tout en offrant un "produit religieux'' attractif aux personnes sans arrière-fond évangélique.
Romancing Rādhā: Nāgarīdās’ Royal Appropriations of Bhakti Themes
Authors: Pauwels Heidi R.M. 
Published: May 2005

This article looks at confluence of rīti and bhakti and at the interface of the personal and the religious, in particular at the influence of the Rādhā-Krishna mythology in construing personal identities in 18th-century North India. The article presents a case study of Sāvant Siṃh of Kishangarh (1699–1764), who wrote under the pen name Nāgarīdās. He was a prolific author of devotional verse as well as a patron of miniature paintings depicting Krishna and Rādhā. His work shows a tendency that could be termed a ‘royalization’ of Krishna poetry, and is instructive about how religious imagery became meaningful in construing personal lives in medieval India.
Volatile Organic Compounds in the Indoor Air of Warsaw Office Buildings
Authors: Pośniak Malgorzata , Makhniashvili Ivan , Koziel Ewa 
Published: May 2005

The aim of this study was to assess exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in office buildings. Five large office buildings in different areas of Warsaw were selected for the investigation. The identification and the determination of VOCs in the working environment were carried out twice during the year - in the spring-summer time and in the autumn-winter time in 50 offices. The most abundant compounds found were aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. The carcinogenic compounds, benzene and formaldehyde were among the VOCs found in the offices. Because of the absence of health based indoor air quality standards for the office working environment in Poland and in the world, the exposure assessment for 50 workers employed in 5 office buildings was carried out with reference to ambient air quality standards and standards established for rooms in public utility buildings under Polish law. Notice was also taken of the recommended standard for total VOCs proposed by Seifert and Mølhave. The analysis of the results of the exposure assessment of VOCs in offices in the buildings investigated shows what these compounds occur in at levels which could contribute to the “sick building syndrome” (SBS), particularly in those buildings that were not air-conditioned.
Mouse Polycomb M33 is required for splenic vascular and adrenal gland formation through regulating Ad4BP/SF1 expression
Authors: Katoh-Fukui Yuko , Owaki Akiko , Toyama Yoshiro , Kusaka Masatomo , Shinohara Yuko , Maekawa Mamiko , Toshimori Kiyotaka , Morohashi Ken-ichirou 
Published: May 2005

AbstractMice with disrupted mammalian PcG (Polycomb group) genes commonly show skeletal transformation of anterior-posterior identities. Disruption of the murine M33 gene, a PcG member, displayed posterior transformation of the vertebral columns and sternal ribs. In addition, failure of T-cell expansion and hypoplasia and sex-reversal of the gonads, have been observed. In the present study, we identified defects in the splenic and adrenal formation of M33–knock-out (KO) mice on a C57BL/6 genetic background. The spleen in these animals was smaller than in the wild-type mice and was spotted red because of nonuniform distribution of blood cells. Histologic examination revealed disorganization of the vascular endothelium and its surrounding structures, and immunohistochemistry demonstrated disturbances in vascular formation and colonization of immature hematopoietic cells. These splenic phenotypes observed in the M33-KO mice were quite similar to those seen in Ad4BP/SF1 (Nr5a1) knock-outs. Moreover, the adrenal glands of M33-KO and Ad4BP/SF1 heterozygous KO mice were smaller than those of the wild-type mice. Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses of the M33 knock-outs all indicated significantly low expression of adrenal 4 binding protein/steroidogenic factor-1 (Ad4BP/SF-1), indicating that M33 is an essential upstream regulator of Ad4BP/SF1. In agreement with these observations, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays with adrenocortical Y-1 cells revealed direct binding of the M33-containing PcG to the Ad4BP/SF1 gene locus.
Decreased PARP and procaspase-2 protein levels are associated with cellular drug resistance in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Holleman Amy , Boer Monique L. den , Kazemier Karin M. , Beverloo H. Berna , von Bergh Anne R. M. , Janka-Schaub Gritta E. , Pieters Rob 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Drug resistance in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is associated with impaired ability to induce apoptosis. To elucidate causes of apoptotic defects, we studied the protein expression of Apaf-1, procaspases-2, -3, -6, -7, -8, -10, and poly(adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in cells from children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL; n = 43) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML; n = 10). PARP expression was present in all B-lineage samples, but absent in 4 of 15 T-lineage ALL samples and 3 of 10 AML cases, which was not caused by genomic deletions. PARP expression was a median 7-fold lower in T-lineage ALL (P &lt; .001) and 10-fold lower in AML (P &lt; .001) compared with B-lineage ALL. PARP expression was 4-fold lower in prednisolone, vincristine and L-asparaginase (PVA)-resistant compared with PVA-sensitive ALL patients (P &lt; .001). Procaspase-2 expression was 3-fold lower in T-lineage ALL (P = .022) and AML (P = .014) compared with B-lineage ALL. In addition, procaspase-2 expression was 2-fold lower in PVA-resistant compared to PVA-sensitive ALL patients (P = .042). No relation between apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 (Apaf-1), procaspases-3, -6, -7, -8, -10, and drug resistance was found. In conclusion, low baseline expression of PARP and procaspase-2 is related to cellular drug resistance in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. (Blood. 2005;106:1817-1823)
Rapid immunosuppressive effects of glucocorticoids mediated through Lck and Fyn
Authors: Löwenberg Mark , Tuynman Jurriaan , Bilderbeek Joyce , Gaber Timo , Buttgereit Frank , van Deventer Sander , Peppelenbosch Maikel , Hommes Daniel 
Published: May 2005

AbstractGlucocorticoids (GCs) are effective immunosuppressive agents and mediate well-defined transcriptional effects via GC receptors. There is increasing evidence that GCs also initiate rapid nongenomic signaling events. Using activated human CD4+ lymphocytes and a peptide array containing 1176 different kinase consensus substrates, we generated a comprehensive profile of GC-induced rapid effects on signal transduction. The results show marked early differences in phosphorylation between GC-pretreated cells and control cells, including impaired phosphorylation of p56lck/p59fyn (Lck/Fyn) consensus substrates. Immunoprecipitation and in vitro kinase assays reveal rapid GC-induced down-modulation of Lck and Fyn kinases using SAM68 (Src [pp60c-src]-associated in mitosis 68 kDa) as a substrate. Additionally, immunoprecipitation experiments revealed reduced Lck-CD4 and Fyn-CD3 associations, suggesting GC inhibited recruitment of these kinases to the T-cell receptor complex. Western blot analysis revealed reduced phosphorylation of a series of downstream signaling intermediates following GC treatment, including protein kinase B (PKB), protein kinase C (PKC), and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Experiments with GC receptor-negative Jurkat cells and a pharmacologic GC receptor ligand (RU486) indicated that rapid inhibition of Lck and Fyn kinases is GC receptor dependent. Parallel experiments conducted following the application of GCs in healthy individuals confirmed suppression of Lck/Fyn in T cells within 1 hour in vivo. These results identify the inhibition of Lck and Fyn kinases as rapid targets of GCs, mediated via a GC receptor-dependent pathway. (Blood. 2005; 106:1703-1710)
The effect of refurbishing a UK steel plant on PM10 metal composition and ability to induce inflammation
Authors: Hutchison Gary R , Brown David M , Hibbs Leon R , Heal Mathew R , Donaldson Ken , Maynard Robert L , Monaghan Michelle , Nicholl Andy , Stone Vicki 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Background
In the year 2000 Corus closed its steel plant operations in Redcar, NE of England temporarily for refurbishment of its blast furnace. This study investigates the impact of the closure on the chemical composition and biological activity of PM10 collected in the vicinity of the steel plant.

Methods
The metal content of PM10 samples collected before during and after the closure was measured by ICP-MS in order to ascertain whether there was any significant alteration in PM10 composition during the steel plant closure. Biological activity was assessed by instillation of 24 hr PM10 samples into male Wistar rats for 18 hr (n = 6). Inflammation was identified by the cellular and biochemical profile of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Metal chelation of PM10 samples was conducted using Chelex beads prior to treatment of macrophage cell line, J774, in vitro and assessment of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression.

Results
The total metal content of PM10 collected before and during the closure period were similar, but on reopening of the steel plant there was a significant 3-fold increase (p < 0.05) compared with the closure and pre-closure samples. Wind direction prior to the closure was predominantly from the north, compared to south westerly during the closure and re-opened periods. Of metals analysed, iron was most abundant in the total and acid extract, while zinc was the most prevalent metal in the water-soluble fraction. Elevated markers of inflammation included a significant increase (p < 0.01) in neutrophil cell numbers in the bronchoalveolar lavage of rats instilled with PM10 collected during the reopened period, as well as significant increases in albumin (p < 0.05). Extracts of PM10 from the pre-closure and closure periods did not induce any significant alterations in inflammation or lung damage. The soluble and insoluble extractable PM10 components washed from the reopened period both induced a significant increase in neutrophil cell number (p < 0.05) when compared to the control, and these increases when added together approximately equalled the inflammation induced by the whole sample. PM10 from the re-opened period stimulated J774 macrophages to generate TNF-α protein and this was significantly prevented by chelating the metal content of the PM10 prior to addition to the cells.

Conclusion
PM10-induced inflammation in the rat lung was related to the concentration of metals in the PM10 samples tested, and activity was found in both the soluble and insoluble fractions of the particulate pollutant.
Pattern similarity study of functional sites in protein sequences: lysozymes and cystatins
Authors: Nakai Shuryo , Li-Chan Eunice CY , Dou Jinglie 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Background
Although it is generally agreed that topography is more conserved than sequences, proteins sharing the same fold can have different functions, while there are protein families with low sequence similarity. An alternative method for profile analysis of characteristic conserved positions of the motifs within the 3D structures may be needed for functional annotation of protein sequences. Using the approach of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR), we have proposed a new algorithm for postulating functional mechanisms on the basis of pattern similarity and average of property values of side-chains in segments within sequences. This approach was used to search for functional sites of proteins belonging to the lysozyme and cystatin families.

Results
Hydrophobicity and β-turn propensity of reference segments with 3–7 residues were used for the homology similarity search (HSS) for active sites. Hydrogen bonding was used as the side-chain property for searching the binding sites of lysozymes. The profiles of similarity constants and average values of these parameters as functions of their positions in the sequences could identify both active and substrate binding sites of the lysozyme of Streptomyces coelicolor, which has been reported as a new fold enzyme (Cellosyl). The same approach was successfully applied to cystatins, especially for postulating the mechanisms of amyloidosis of human cystatin C as well as human lysozyme.

Conclusion
Pattern similarity and average index values of structure-related properties of side chains in short segments of three residues or longer were, for the first time, successfully applied for predicting functional sites in sequences. This new approach may be applicable to studying functional sites in un-annotated proteins, for which complete 3D structures are not yet available.