bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mismeasuring STEM?: Assessing STEM Course Taking Among US Bachelor’s Degree Graduates
Authors: Douglas Daniel , Salzman Hal , Khudododov Khudodod 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
STEM refers to four fields of study and occupation: science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. But STEM has taken on social and political meaning far beyond the sum of its component parts. Public and policy discussions of STEM, whether in education or employment, rest on a startling lack of clarity about what counts as STEM. Most studies of postsecondary STEM education focus on students’ programs of study as the measure of STEM education, but we find this metric leads to substantial mismeasurement. Instead, we argue that examining STEM course taking is a more accurate measure of STEM preparation among college students. This descriptive study establishes conceptual and operational definitions of STEM coursework and uses nationally representative college student transcript data to develop a more accurate measure STEM course taking. Finally, we analyze the extent of potential mismeasurement and estimate STEM course taking using this revised classification system. Among bachelor’s degree students, we find wide variation in the number of STEM courses completed by students both within and between programs of study. Moreover, we find that many students in non-STEM programs of study complete substantial amounts of STEM coursework at levels comparable to that of many STEM students.
Metabolic reprogramming of fibroblast-like synoviocytes with a supramolecular nano-drug for osteoarthritis therapy
Authors: Ma Yibo , Dong Jiaxing , Zou Xiangqian , Jiang Xiaohua , Liu Linhua , Wang Bing , Mao Xiulin , Gong Liangfeng , Li Guoshu , Chen Changjian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is fundamental to synovium remodeling with drug delivery for osteoarthritis (OA) therapy. Mitochonic acid 5-MASM7@MnTBAP nanoparticles (MM@MT NPs) with various physicochemical properties and biological activities may be developed as a supramolecular nano-drug delivering to articulus for regulating mitochondrial metabolism of synovium. This study aims to explore the feasibility, efficacy, and mechanism of MM@MT NPs, which possibly excavates a novel perspective for OA therapy. Herein, for feasibility, MM@MT NPs has been indicated to possess excellent photothermal, reactive oxygen species (ROS) response, and oxygen release performances. For efficacy, MM@MT NPs has been confirmed to promote extracellular matrix (ECM) regeneration. For mechanism, MM@MT NPs has been illustrated to restore the mitochondrial membrane potential and recover the mitochondrial dynamics, which is beneficial for maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis. Moreover, MM@MT NPs has been demonstrated to stimulate the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in mitochondria as well as enhance antioxidant capacity and eliminate oxidative stress, which is reflected in regulating the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and ROS metabolism. Therefore, MM@MT NPs can remodel the homeostasis of mitochondria via reprogramming metabolism in synovium, which achieves the symptomatic and etiological treatments of OA.
Investigating outdoor education in Finland and Australia: positioning outdoor education as curriculum
Authors: Kokkonen Juha , Baillieul Elina , Quay John 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Outdoor education is often missing in formal curriculum, especially in primary education. With our experience living and working in Finland and Australia, we investigated this situation, revealing important similarities and differences relevant to understanding outdoor education. We highlight some of the differences between the two education systems that impact outdoor education, having learned more about these differences by interviewing primary school teachers involved with teaching and organising outdoor education in both Finland and Victoria, Australia. The different approaches to outdoor education in primary schools in each country illuminate the local and situated character of outdoor education. Importantly, the comparison also highlights similarities, revealing unique educational potential in outdoor education that goes untapped via the curriculum integration strategies espoused in both countries. This educational potential is expressed via the unity of (ad)venturing and environ(ment), which are often separated into physical education and environmental studies, thereby splitting outdoor education and removing the educational potential of their situated unity. Accessing this potential requires improving curricular support for teachers and schools in outdoor education, documenting unique outdoor education content in appropriate ways, and enabling access to resources available to mainstream subjects. Even though Finland and Australia are often considered education leaders internationally, as exemplified via PISA, more work in curriculum development is needed in these countries to better account for the learning that happens uniquely in outdoor education. We argue that an optional curriculum in outdoor education is required in both Finland and Australia to support the work already being done by teachers.
Improving telemedicine: evaluating emotional recognition for better patient-consultant interaction
Authors: Alshaer Abdulaziz 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The rise of telemedicine, particularly in mental health, has transformed care delivery by providing increased accessibility and convenience. However, accurately recognizing and interpreting patient emotions remains a significant challenge. This study evaluates the usability and acceptance of an emotional recording feature integrated into a telemedicine app, focusing on mental health professionals (consultants) and their patients. Using the Technology Acceptance Model and usability test, we assessed perceived usefulness, ease of use, attitude towards use, and behavioral intention to use the feature. A total of 20 consultants and 20 patients participated, and the use of the feature for a week was analyzed. Results indicated that patients reported higher perceived usefulness and behavioral intention to use the feature compared to consultants. Both groups found the feature easy to use, with no significant differences in perceived ease of use. Consultants exhibited more positive attitudes towards the feature, while patients showed more variability. The overall System Usability Scale (SUS) scores indicated high usability for the feature. Emotional report frequency among patients varied widely, reflecting differing levels of engagement. These findings suggest that the emotional recording feature is well-received, with high usability and acceptance among both consultants and patients. Future research should include clinical trials to evaluate the impact on therapeutic outcomes, expand the sample size, and explore ways to enhance user engagement. This study underscores the potential of emotion recognition tools to improve mental health care delivery in telemedicine.
Are European Farms Equally Efficient? What Do Regional FADN Data on Crop Farms Tell Us?
Authors: Makieła Kamil , Marzec Jerzy , Pisulewski Andrzej , Mazur Błażej 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The study analyzes productive efficiency of crop farming in the EU. We use publicly available data on crop farming from FADN database. Standard efficiency measurement techniques based on frontier analysis indicate that the representative farms provided in the database are fully efficient, even though there is ample evidence in the literature that this is highly unlikely. We find that this is a consequence of overly restrictive assumptions about the compound error in standard SF models. The efficiency benchmark, based on the best model given data with generalized error specification, reveals substantial differences in crop farming efficiency in the EU.
Innovation amidst post-socialist reform: Jonas Salk and the birth of the Sabin strains-derived inactivated polio vaccine in China
Authors: Li Tianyu , Wang Chadwick 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
As an industrial science, vaccinology is susceptible to changing social, economic and political frameworks. This article reconstructs the history of the birth of the Sabin strains-derived inactivated polio vaccine (sIPV) in China. The development of this nascent vaccine can be attributed first and foremost to the circulation of knowledge and technology in the global polio research network of the 1980s, before the privatization of vaccine manufacturing and the escalation of intellectual-property protections. Tracing correspondence between Jonas Salk and a Chinese scientist, Jiang Shude, and his colleagues, we chart how institutional efforts in search of a profitable product and scientists’ motives in pursuing personal careers in the post-socialist reform era led to collaboration on many levels, centered around polio vaccines. In response to recent polio history research, we also emphasize the impact of multiple temporalities of polio dramaturgy on the vaccine manufacturer, as this article demonstrates how the confluence of shifting global polio eradication agendas and contingencies in complex vaccinology undertakings ironically helped to materialize the idea of the sIPV. Finally, stories of vaccines and scientists in China add compelling subplots to the global polio history, which reveals the need to reconsider the politicization of imported technology in broader socialist contexts.
A letter dated ‘3 June 1986’ was mailed from Jonas Salk to Jiang Shude (姜述德). Jiang had been an unknown vaccinologist working at the Institute of Medical Biology (IMB) in Flower Red Cave in the Western Hills of Kunming, in south-western China. Salk had visited two years earlier to discuss the feasibility of the IMB's proposal to manufacture inactivated polio vaccine (IPV). The initial collaborative plan had come to a halt by the time Salk wrote the letter to Jiang; still, he kindly offered Jiang an opportunity to travel to Bilthoven and then Lyon to learn IPV-related technology with a generous $10,000 grant for his one-year stay in Europe.1
Learning and generating vehicle motion primitives from human-driving data
Authors: Li Gengxin , Xue Jianru , Zhang Bohua , Zhao Kang , Tao Zhongxing 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Motion primitives play an important role in motion planning for autonomous vehicles, as they effectively address the sampling challenges inherent in nonholonomic motion planning. Employing motion primitives (MPs) is a widely accepted approach in nonholonomic motion planning based on sampling. This study specifically addresses the problem of learning from human-driving data to create human-like trajectories from predefined start-to-end states, which then serve as MP within the sampling-based nonholonomic motion planning framework. In this paper, we propose a deep learning-based method for generating MP that capture human-driving trajectory data features. By processing human-driving trajectory data, we create a Motion Primitive dataset that uniformly covers typical urban driving scenarios. Based on this dataset, a vehicle model long short-term memory neural network model is constructed to learn the features of the human-driving trajectory data. Finally, a framework for the generation of MP for practical applications is given based on this neural network. Our experiments, which focus on the dataset, the MMP generation network, and the generation process, demonstrate that our method significantly improves the training efficacy of the MP generation network. Additionally, the MP generated by our method exhibit higher accuracy compared to traditional methods.
Tuning in to the prosody of a novel language is easier without orthography
Authors: Chládková Kateřina , Podlipský Václav Jonáš , Jarůšková Lucie , Šimáčková Šárka 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Mastering prosody is a different task for adults learning a second language and infants acquiring their first. While prosody crucially aids the process of L1 acquisition, for adult L2 learners it is often considerably challenging. Is it because of an age-related decline in the language-learning ability or because of unfavorable learning conditions? We investigated whether adults can auditorily sensitize to the prosody of a novel language, and whether such sensitization is affected by orthographic input. After 5 minutes of exposure to Māori, Czech listeners could reliably recognize this language in a post-test using low-pass filtered clips of Māori and Malay. Recognition accuracy was lower for participants exposed to the novel-language speech along with deep-orthography transcriptions or orthography with unfamiliar characters. Adults can thus attune to novel-language prosody, but orthography hampers this ability. Language-learning theories and applications may need to reconsider the consequences of providing orthographic input to beginning second-language learners.
Measurement properties of patient-reported outcome measures for advance care planning in older people: A COSMIN systematic review
Authors: Jo Minjeong , Park Mihyun , Hwang Hye-lyung , Chung Heejin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
This review provides an overview of patient-reported outcome measure (PROMs) utilized to assess the impact of advance care planning (ACP) among older adults and evaluates their psychometric properties.

Methods
The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) studies that targeted older adults; (2) studies using of any type of measurement tools that measure patient-reported ACP program outcomes; and (3) studies published in English or Korean. Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review was conducted, encompassing electronic searches across 5 databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINHAL, and PsycINFO and manual searches of umbrella reviews on ACP interventions. General characteristics of the selected measures were extracted, and their methodological quality was assessed using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist.

Results
Out of 19,503 studies initially identified, 74 met the inclusion criteria, reporting on a total of 202 measures. These measures were categorized into 4 domains reflecting the targets of ACP interventions: process (n = 56), action (n = 18), process and action (n = 16), quality of care (n = 63), and health status (n = 49). Despite the breadth of measures identified, none fully met all recommended psychometric properties outlined in the checklist.

Significance of results
While this review aids in the selection of measures for both practical and research purposes, it underscores the necessity for further validation of PROMs in assessing ACP outcomes in older adults, advocating for rigorous psychometric evaluations and adherence to standards like the COSMIN checklist to ensure reliable and valid data. It suggests the need for shortened versions and researcher assistance to address the challenges older adults face with self-reported PROMs and improve participation rates.
Mars Without the Southern Perennial CO2 Cover
Authors: Vos E. , Aharonson O. , Forget F. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe Martian South Polar Layered Deposits (SPLD) are composed mostly of ice and dust with a thin perennial cover and some internal ice layers. In the North, the seasonal cap is lost during summer, allowing O ice to sublimate into the atmosphere. In the South, the perennial cover prevents O ice sublimation. This work uses the Mars Planetary Climate Model to investigate how the O and cycles are affected if the thin perennial SPLD cover is lost. We find that during southern summer, the atmospheric water content will more than double in the south polar region. However, on a global scale, the NPLD is still the dominant source of humidity because of its larger surface area. When exposing some of the South Polar Cap buried water ice, the south polar cap becomes the dominant source of atmospheric humidity due to Mars's spin‐orbital alignment.
Western Pacific Warm Pool δ18O Response to the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation
Authors: Murray N. K. , Conroy J. L. , Colin P. L. , Cobb K. M. , Noone D. C. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractTropical Pacific seawater and precipitation stable oxygen isotope data aid in understanding modern oceanic and atmospheric interactions, and these data are particularly valuable as they are archived in isotope‐based paleoclimate records. However, the absence of modern seawater isotope time series limits the ability to identify the atmospheric influences on these data, precluding robust paleoclimate interpretations. We present a new 10 year sub‐monthly record of seawater and precipitation stable oxygen isotope values (δ18Osw and δ18Op) from Koror, Palau. Our dataset indicates that temporally, δ18Osw is strongly influenced by local δ18Op. Both monthly δ18Osw and δ18Op are highly correlated with outgoing longwave radiation across the tropical Pacific, reflecting a Walker Circulation imprint on the surface ocean. Changes in the Palau δ18Osw—salinity relationship correspond to NINO3.4 variability, indicating a difference in how these variables record El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) information, but demonstrating the utility of δ18Osw to reconstruct ENSO variability in the western tropical Pacific.
Impact of Ionospheric Scintillations on GNSS Availability and Precise Positioning
Authors: Aguiar C. R. , Monico J. F. G. , Moraes A. O. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractFor many applications where accuracy, availability, and integrity are essential, such as geodetic positioning and civil aviation, Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are indispensable. However, GNSS signal dependability is severely hampered by ionospheric disturbances, especially equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs), particularly in equatorial latitudes. To better understand how ionospheric irregularities impact GNSS signals across several constellations (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou, and Satellite‐Based Augmentation Systems) and frequencies, this study examines ionospheric amplitude scintillation. The objective is to comprehend how these anomalies simultaneously affect GNSS performance in high scintillation activity conditions. The research focuses on the effects of amplitude scintillation during periods of high solar activity by analyzing data from four stations across Brazil. The analysis identified the most critical hours for scintillation events, between 20:00 and 23:59 LST, where up to 13 satellites were simultaneously affected at PRU2, resulting in a notable drop in positioning accuracy. This was further reflected in the degradation of Position Dilution of Precision values, which exceeded 5 in approximately 38% of the cases at Presidente Prudente and São José dos Campos, indicating reduced confidence in positioning accuracy during severe scintillation events. Additionally, the study confirms that lower‐frequency signals (L2, G2, B2) are more susceptible to scintillation than higher‐frequency signals (L1, G1, E1). Despite multi‐constellation capabilities, the simultaneous impact of EPBs on multiple GNSS signals leads to degraded satellite availability and positioning accuracy, especially in regions with high electron density. These findings highlight the need for improved mitigation strategies in multi‐constellation systems to enhance GNSS reliability in equatorial regions.
Liver diseases: epidemiology, causes, trends and predictions
Authors: Gan Can , Yuan Yuan , Shen Haiyuan , Gao Jinhang , Kong Xiangxin , Che Zhaodi , Guo Yangkun , Wang Hua , Dong Erdan , Xiao Jia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
As a highly complex organ with digestive, endocrine, and immune-regulatory functions, the liver is pivotal in maintaining physiological homeostasis through its roles in metabolism, detoxification, and immune response. Various factors including viruses, alcohol, metabolites, toxins, and other pathogenic agents can compromise liver function, leading to acute or chronic injury that may progress to end-stage liver diseases. While sharing common features, liver diseases exhibit distinct pathophysiological, clinical, and therapeutic profiles. Currently, liver diseases contribute to approximately 2 million deaths globally each year, imposing significant economic and social burdens worldwide. However, there is no cure for many kinds of liver diseases, partly due to a lack of thorough understanding of the development of these liver diseases. Therefore, this review provides a comprehensive examination of the epidemiology and characteristics of liver diseases, covering a spectrum from acute and chronic conditions to end-stage manifestations. We also highlight the multifaceted mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of liver diseases, spanning molecular and cellular levels to organ networks. Additionally, this review offers updates on innovative diagnostic techniques, current treatments, and potential therapeutic targets presently under clinical evaluation. Recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of liver diseases hold critical implications and translational value for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
Usp11 maintained the survival of marginal zone B cells under ionizing radiation by deubiquitinating DLL1 and JAG2
Authors: Sheng Jiaqi , Wu Depei , Shang Jingzhe , Fu Xiaodan , Gao He , Rong Jianjie , Wang Jun , Hu Jiancheng , Qi Xiaofei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Efficacy of radiation therapy is compromised by hematopoietic and immune impairments, with elusive underlying causes. This study aimed to elucidate Usp11’s role in radiation-induced injuries and uncover related mechanisms. Utilized ARS mouse model to observe survival rates of Usp11−/− (KO) mice post-TBI (Total Body Irradiation). Assessed lymphocyte and MZ B (Marginal Zone B) cell rates using histological analysis, single-cell sequencing, immunofluorescence (IF), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and flow cytometry (FCM). Conducted Co-IP and ubiquitination experiments for mechanism elucidation. Quantified IgM and IgG using ELISA and FC. Explored public databases for potential correlation molecules. Our findings indicated that Usp11−/− mice exhibited improved survival rates following TBI, with the spleen playing a pivotal role. HE staining revealed a wider marginal zone in the spleen of Usp11+/+ mice post-irradiation. Single-cell sequencing, IF, IHC, and FCM analyses revealed a higher survival rate of MZ B cells in Usp11−/− mice after irradiation. Furthermore, treatment with the Usp11 inhibitor, mitoxantrone, successfully targeted and inhibited Usp11, thereby alleviating the reduction in MZ B cells in the spleen following total body irradiation. Mechanistically, Usp11 sustained the survival of MZ B cells by regulating the ubiquitination of Notch’s ligands, DLL1 and JAG2, thereby promoting immune cell remodeling in the spleen. In conclusion, Usp11 played a crucial role in modulating immune system damage induced by ionizing radiation, primarily through ubiquitination of Notch ligands. This study provides insights into radiation-induced immune injuries and suggests Usp11 as a potential therapeutic target.