bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Harnessing the economic value of indigenous knowledge in Kenya: a qualitative review of the legal framework
Authors: Nakitare Joel , Otike Fredrick , Mureithi Lydiah 
Published: February 2024

Purpose
Commercial entities have recently expressed growing interest in commercialising indigenous knowledge (IK) due to its enormous economic and intrinsic value. As this happens, custodial communities must not be disadvantaged in the process. This paper aims to understand the legal framework of the commercialisation of IK to identify the opportunities and factors impeding or affecting the commercialisation of indigenous knowledge in Kenya.

Design/methodology/approach
The study used a qualitative research approach. An extensive exploratory literature review of existing legal instruments was done to establish the progress and gaps for commercialising indigenous knowledge in Kenya.

Findings
The study shows that the legal framework of IK in Kenya is inadequate. There are no well-established frameworks and policies to protect IK in Kenya, and thus, host communities are subjected to exploitation. The diversity of tribes and communities makes it challenging to have a clear framework, mainly because IK is a devolved function. The study identifies the Protection of Traditional Knowledge and Cultural Expressions Act 2016, The National Museums and Heritage Act 2006 and the Natural Products Industry as the key milestones towards commercialisation of IK, while inadequate documentation of IK, communal ownership and inadequate legislation were identified as the main impediments to commercialisation of IK in Kenya.

Research limitations/implications
Owing to the diverse cultures and tribal communities in Kenya, the research could not access all the literature on all traditional IK in Kenya, and very few case studies have been conducted in Kenya.

Practical implications
The gaps identified in the legal framework can form a basis for legislation, policy change, actions and research needed to improve the commercialisation of IK.

Originality/value
The paper underscores the importance of balancing economic empowerment with preserving cultural integrity and protecting indigenous rights in commercialisation.
Mediating agricultural entrepreneurship through embracing innovative technology: a tale from small rural enterprises in an emerging economy
Authors: Sandhu Navjot , Hussain Javed , Scott Jonathan M. 
Published: February 2024

PurposeThe study evaluates small marginal farmers’ (SMFs) potential behavior, attitude and trust in the adoption of innovative emerging technologies.Design/methodology/approachThe study employed an agile multi-factor approach to conceptualize a digital marketplace to connect a supply chain ecosystem for stakeholders.FindingsThe empirical findings suggest that most SMFs are willing to embrace innovative technologies. Nonetheless, they lack the necessary technological oriented education, training and funds to innovate. However, their reluctance to adapt changes is attributable to their fear of losing past customs and practices; they were threatened by the reaction of intermediaries (arthyias) to the adoption of technologies, which could result in them suffering huge losses.Originality/valueThis innovative disintermediation business model has a significant potential to reduce information asymmetry, cost and hoarding – and can thus increase the SMFs’ profit margins. Agricultural technological innovations have a profound potential to impact their supply chain logistics positively by reducing the wastage of perishable food and thus enhancing the consumer experience.
Bridging the expatriate and host country national knowledge transfer gap: managing interaction anxiety and uncertainty
Authors: Hsu Yu-Shan , Chen Yu-Ping , Chiang Flora F.T. , Shaffer Margaret A. 
Published: February 2024

Purpose
Integrating anxiety and uncertainty management (AUM) theory and theory of organizing, this study aims to contribute to the knowledge management literature by examining the interdependent and bidirectional nature of knowledge transfer between expatriates and host country nationals (HCNs). Specifically, the authors investigate how receivers’ cognitive response to senders’ behaviors during their interactions becomes an important conduit between senders’ behaviors and the successful transfer of knowledge.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors used the actor partner interdependence model to analyze data from 107 expatriate-HCN dyads. The authors collected the responses of these expatriate-HCN dyads in Shanghai, Taipei, Hong Kong, Vietnam, South Korea, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia and India.

Findings
Receivers’ interaction anxiety and uncertainty, as a response to senders’ relationship building behaviors, mediate the relationship between senders’ relationship building behaviors and successful knowledge transfer. When senders are expatriates, senders’ communication patience and relationship building behaviors interact to reduce the direct and indirect effects of both receivers’ interaction anxiety and uncertainty. However, when senders are HCNs, the moderation and moderated mediation models are not supported.

Originality/value
The study contributes to the knowledge management literature by investigating knowledge transfer between expatriates and HCNs using an interpersonal cross-cultural communication lens. The authors make refinements to AUM theory by going beyond the sender role to highlighting the interdependence between senders and receivers in the management of anxiety and uncertainty which, in turn, influences the effectiveness of cross-cultural communication. The study is also unique in that the authors underscore an important yet understudied construct, communication patience, in the successful transfer of knowledge.
Restrictive measures: a question of adequacy or a failure of targeted measures?
Authors: Cookman Daniel 
Published: February 2024

Purpose
This paper aims to discuss the adequacy of restrictive measures. Providing a synopsis of a global movement toward the imposition of target restrictive measures. Questioning the success of targeted restrictive measures in obtaining behavioural change. Identifying a reversion to the implementation of wide ranging sectoral restrictive measures in an attempt to encourage immediate behavioural change. Accessing the success of using restrictive measures to encourage democratic regimes in Africa.

Design/methodology/approach
This study is a desktop research that examines European Parliament and Council issued Regulations for the jurisdictions of Iran, Russia and Belarus. Academic research is also used in identifying a pendulum swing by global legislatures with respect to the imposition of targeted measures to requiring the imposition of additional wide ranging sectoral measures.

Findings
Targeted measures can be circumvented using non-hostile third countries. Academic research identifies that wide reaching sectoral sanctions encourage regime change. Therefore, where targeted measures fail to give rise to their desired persuasive objectives. The legislator moves to introduce additional measures, also comprising of sectoral sanctions. Sectoral sanctions have been applied by the European Union in Iran, Russia and Belarus. The USA has taken measures to limit Russia ability to use Turkey as a transshipment hub. The African continent case study identifies the importance of creating an architecture founded on upholding positive governance and human rights standards. Failure to do so leads to a revolving system of authoritarian regimes, sanctioned by restrictive measures.

Originality/value
This paper is a desktop review composed by the author.
The impacts of anxiety emotion and behavioral control on student learning management system adoption
Authors: Ngafeeson Madison N. , Gautam Yuba R. , Manga Joseph A. 
Published: February 2024

Purpose
The COVID-19 global pandemic reframed the argument for the importance of learning management systems (LMS) in unprecedented ways. Meanwhile, LMS users were forced to use these technologies despite the heightened anxiety compounded by the pandemic, very little technical preparation and the postpandemic learning environment that cannot depend on these pandemic-imposed regulations and adoptions. This study aims to examine the impacts of behavioral control and anxiety emotions on adoption decisions.

Design/methodology/approach
This quantitative research uses structural equation modeling to test the hypothesized relationships.

Findings
Results showed that perceived behavioral control is very important in boosting ease of use perceptions while computer anxiety exhibited a negative impact on perceived ease of use.

Research limitations/implications
This research used cross-sectional data from a medium-sized university. Results must, therefore, be interpreted with this understanding in mind. Nonetheless, this research demonstrates the critical roles of control and emotions in technology adoption decisions among students in an online learning environment.

Originality/value
This research highlights the importance of behavioral control and anxiety emotions in technology adoption decisions. It reveals that to drive adoption, students’ control perceptions must be increased while simultaneously keeping anxiety emotions at bay. This understanding is key to communicating buy-in of LMS to students.
A decadal study reveals that restoration guided by an umbrella species does not reach target levels
Authors: Larsson Ekström Albin , Hjältén Joakim , Löfroth Therese 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMaintaining structural and functional elements of ecosystems are essential in order to preserve biodiversity and ecosystem function. As a means of guiding conservation work, the umbrella species concept was developed. In Sweden, one putative umbrella species, the white‐backed woodpecker, has guided conservation and restoration of deciduous forests for two decades.Here, we evaluate the decadal effects of restoration aimed at the white‐backed woodpecker on biodiversity of saproxylic beetles. We compare stands that were restored 12 to 21 years ago to non‐restored stands and historical white‐backed woodpecker habitats acting as restoration target stands.Restored stands contained higher deciduous deadwood volumes than non‐restored stands but lower volumes than restoration target stands. The deadwood in restored stands was concentrated in later decay stages, whereas target stand deadwood was more evenly distributed across decay stages.Restored stands had similar species richness and abundance of most groups of saproxylic beetles compared with non‐restored stands while not reaching the levels of restoration target stands. Species assemblages differed among all stand types with restored stands supporting late decay stage and generalist species while target stands supported more deciduous associated and threatened species.Synthesis and applications: We conclude that after one to two decades, restoration improve stand structure and benefit beetle diversity but that target levels are not yet reached. Thus, only partial restoration is achieved. Our results stress that for restoration to be successful both continuous and repeated restoration efforts are needed and that it is important to identify target levels of important habitat characteristics when assessing restoration outcome.
Sex‐specific alterations in cognitive control following moderate prenatal alcohol exposure and transient systemic hypoxia ischemia in the rat
Authors: Dunn Brooke R. , Olguin Sarah L. , Davies Suzy , Pavlik Nathaniel G. , Brigman Jonathan L. , Hamilton Derek , Savage Daniel D. , Maxwell Jessie R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) continues to be a worldwide problem. Affected offspring display impaired neurodevelopment, including difficulties with executive control. Although PAE has also been associated with decreased blood flow to fetuses, the relationship between PAE and altered blood flow is not well understood.MethodsWe used preclinical models of PAE, transient systemic hypoxia ischemia (TSHI), and PAE + TSHI combined to assess the effects on neurodevelopmental outcomes using translationally relevant touchscreen operant platform testing. Twenty‐eight Long–Evans (Blue Spruce, Strain HsdBlu:LE) dams were randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups: Saccharin Control (Sham), 5% Ethanol (PAE), TSHI, or 5% Ethanol and TSHI (PAE + TSHI). Dams consumed either saccharin or 5% ethanol during gestation. TSHI was induced on Embryonic Day 19 (E19) during an open laparotomy where the uterine arteries were transiently occluded for 1 h. Pups were born normally and, after weaning, were separated by sex. A total of 80 offspring, 40 males and 40 females, were tested on the 5‐Choice Continuous Performance paradigm (5C‐CPT).ResultsFemale offspring were significantly impacted by TSHI, but not PAE, with an increase in false alarms and a decrease in hit rates, omissions, accuracy, and correct choice latencies. In contrast, male offspring were mildly affected by PAE, but not TSHI, showing decreases in premature responses and increases in accuracy. No significant interactions between PAE and TSHI were detected on any measure.ConclusionTransient systemic hypoxia ischemia impaired performance on the 5C‐CPT in females, leading to a bias toward stimulus responsivity regardless of stimulus type. In contrast, TSHI did not affect male offspring, and only slight effects of PAE were seen. Together, these data suggest that TSHI in females may cause alterations in cortical structures that override alterations caused by moderate PAE.
Prognostic value of left ventricular systolic function before vascular surgery: a systematic review
Authors: Zaka Ammar , Mutahar Daud , Ponen Kreyen , Abtahi Johayer , Mridha Naim , Williams Aman B. , Kamali Mohammed , Kovoor Joshua G. , Bacchi Stephen , Gupta Aashray K. , Psaltis Peter J. , Bhamidipaty Venu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundVascular surgery carries a high risk of post‐operative cardiac complications. Recent studies have shown an association between asymptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction and increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). This systematic review aims to evaluate the prognostic value of left ventricular function as determined by left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) measured by resting echocardiography before vascular surgery.MethodsThis review conformed to PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. PubMed, OVID Medline and Cochrane databases were searched from inception to 27 October 2022. Eligible studies assessed vascular surgery patients, with multivariable‐adjusted or propensity‐matched observational studies measuring LVEF via resting echocardiography and providing risk estimates for outcomes. The primary outcomes measures were all‐cause mortality and congestive heart failure at 30 days. Secondary outcome included the composite outcome MACE.ResultsTen observational studies were included (4872 vascular surgery patients). Studies varied widely in degree of left ventricular systolic dysfunction, symptom status, and outcome reporting, precluding reliable meta‐analysis. Available data demonstrated a trend towards increased incidence of all‐cause mortality, congestive heart failure and MACE in patients with pre‐operative LVEF <50%. Methodological quality of the included studies was found to be of moderate quality according to the Newcastle Ottawa Checklist.ConclusionThe evidence surrounding the prognostic value of LVEF measurement before vascular surgery is currently weak and inconclusive. Larger scale, prospective studies are required to further refine cardiac risk prediction before vascular surgery.
Bleb vessel density as a predictive factor for surgical revisions after Preserflo Microshunt implantation
Authors: Schneider Sophie , Kallab Martin , Murauer Olivia , Reisinger Anna‐Sophie , Strohmaier Susanne , Huang Alex S. , Bolz Matthias , Strohmaier Clemens A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurposeBleb failure is a common complication after glaucoma filtration surgery. Different bleb classification schemes incorporating filtration bleb vascularization have been proposed, but the reported correlation with intraocular pressure (IOP) has been variable, possibly because of subjective vascularization grading. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate bleb vascularization after Preserflo Microshunt (PM) implantation using anterior segment OCT‐angiography (AS‐OCTA) as a biomarker for bleb failure.MethodsTwenty‐three eyes of twenty‐three patients underwent PM implantation. Up to 12 months after surgery PM scleral passage‐centred AS‐OCTA measurements (PLEX Elite 9000) for bleb‐vessel density (BVD) determination were performed and IOP as well as necessity for surgical revisions (needling and open revision) were documented. After multi‐step image analysis (region of interest definition, artefact removal, binarization, BVD calculation), the predictive value of early postoperative BVD for surgical revisions was assessed using logistic regression modelling.ResultsBaseline IOP (23.57 ± 7.75 mmHg) decreased significantly to 8.30 ± 2.12, 9.17 ± 2.33 and 11.70 ± 4.40 mmHg after 1, 2 and 4 week(s), and 13.48 ± 5.83, 11.87 ± 4.49, 12.30 ± 6.65, 11.87 ± 3.11 and 13.05 ± 4.12 mmHg after 2, 3, 6, 9 and 12 month(s), respectively (p < 0.001). Nine patients (39%) needed surgical revisions after a median time of 2 months. Bleb vessel densities at 2 and 4 weeks were significantly associated with future surgical revisions upon logistic regression analysis (2 W/4 W likelihood‐ratio test p‐value: 0.0244/0.0098; 2 W/4 W area under the receiver operating characteristics curve: 0.796/0.909).ConclusionFiltration bleb vessel density can be determined using AS‐OCTA in the early postoperative period and is predictive for bleb failure after PM implantation.
It was a dog's breakfast! A radiocarbon and isotope‐based study of dogs exploring dietary change during the Mesolithic–Neolithic transition in Denmark
Authors: Maring Rikke , Olsen Jesper , Andersen Søren H. , Mannino Marcello A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper examines newly acquired and previously published carbon and nitrogen isotope values in bone collagen from 58 dogs (Canis familiaris) dated to the Mesolithic–Neolithic transition. Using the Bayesian mixing model FRUITS, we estimate the marine or freshwater dietary fractions. These estimates, together with a radiocarbon‐based Bayesian statistical model, have allowed us to calculate the freshwater reservoir age for selected Danish regions. The Ertebølle and Funnel Beaker cultures display different feeding traditions, and stable isotope values of dogs cannot be used as a direct proxy for reconstructing human diet, as the foodstuffs appear to have been subject to some deliberate differentiation.
Intracorporeal antimesenteric ancillary trocar: an anastomotic technique facilitating natural orifice specimen extraction in left‐sided colorectal surgery
Authors: Seow‐En Isaac , Li Kelvin Kaiwen , Tan Emile Kwong‐Wei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimNatural orifice specimen extraction (NOSE) in left‐sided colorectal surgery requires application of the circular stapler anvil to the proximal bowel without exteriorization through an additional abdominal incision. We describe an intracorporeal method to secure the stapler anvil, termed the intracorporeal antimesenteric ancillary trocar (IAAT) technique.MethodThe ancillary trocar is attached to the stapler anvil before introduction into the abdominal cavity through the anal or vaginal orifice. The colon is incised before the trocar spike is brought out through the antimesenteric surface 3–4 cm within the cut edge. A linear stapler is used to seal the bowel end. The ancillary trocar is detached and retrieved via the NOSE conduit. Following the NOSE procedure, a side‐to‐end colorectal anastomosis is performed with the transanal circular stapler.ResultsTen consecutive patients underwent elective left‐sided colorectal resection with IAAT for NOSE (seven transanal, three transvaginal) from January to June 2023. Median age and body mass index were 66 (range 47–74) years and 24.3 (range 17.9–30.8) kg/m2 respectively. Two (20%) patients underwent sigmoid colectomy for sigmoid volvulus while eight (80%) underwent anterior resection for colorectal cancer. Median operating time, operative blood loss and postoperative length of hospital stay were 170 (range 140–240) min, 20 (range 10–40) mL and 1 (range 1–3) day respectively. There were no postoperative complications, readmissions or reoperations. Median follow‐up duration was 3 (range 1–6) months.ConclusionThe IAAT double‐stapling side‐to‐end anastomotic technique is safe and feasible for patients undergoing left‐sided colorectal resection with NOSE, resulting in good outcomes.
Membrane molecule bouncer regulates sperm binding activity in immature oocytes in the viviparous teleost species Poecilia reticulata (guppy)
Authors: Yoshida Junki , Tajika Yuki , Uchida Kazuko , Kuwahara Makoto , Sano Kaori , Suzuki Takayuki , Hondo Eiichi , Iida Atsuo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGenerally, in vertebrates, the first step toward fertilization is the ovulation of mature oocytes, followed by their binding to sperm cells outside of the ovary. Exceptionally, the oocytes of poeciliid fish are fertilized by sperm cells within the follicle, and the developmental embryo is subsequently released into the ovarian lumen before delivery. In the present study, we aimed to identify the factor(s) responsible for intrafollicular fertilization in a viviparous teleost species, Poecilia reticulata (guppy). Sperm tracking analysis in this regard indicated that in this species, sperm cells reached immature oocytes including the germinal vesicle, and the insemination assay indicated that the immature oocytes robustly adhered to the sperm cells; similar binding was not observed in Danio rerio (zebrafish) and Oryzias latipes (medaka). We also identified the Ly6/uPAR protein bouncer as the factor responsible for the observed sperm binding activity of the immature oocytes in this species. The recombinant bouncer peptide acted as an inhibitory decoy for the sperm–oocyte binding in guppy. On the other hand, ectopic expression of guppy bouncer in zebrafish oocytes resulted in interspecific sperm–oocyte binding. These results argue that bouncer is responsible for sperm–immature oocyte binding. Our findings highlight the unique reproductive strategies of guppy fish and enhance our understanding of the diverse reproductive mechanisms in vertebrates.
Do captive fish need cognitive enrichment? A test with a puzzle feeder in guppies
Authors: Varracchio Chiara , Gatto Elia , Bertolucci Cristiano , Lucon‐Xiccato Tyrone 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFor many mammalian and avian species, it has been proposed that cognitive enrichment, such as puzzle feeders, can improve welfare in captive conditions. A well‐established method to evaluate the need for cognitive enrichment is to observe the preference of the animal between freely available food and a puzzle feeder. We investigated this preference in a teleost fish, the guppy. In most of our experimental trials, guppies first chose the feeder with freely available food over the puzzle feeder, in contrast with what was observed in most other species. Nevertheless, the guppies' number of choices for the puzzle feeder was significantly greater than zero. Moreover, after consuming the freely available food, most of the guppies tackled the puzzle feeder. This pattern of results suggests that guppies displayed a certain interest in the puzzle feeder that was overshadowed by their strong attraction towards the free food. Interestingly, several measures of performance indicated that female guppies responded more positively towards the puzzle feeder as compared to the males, suggesting sex differences in the preference for cognitive enrichment. In conclusion, our study highlights the potential significance of cognitive enrichment for captive fish. Considering that the number of individual fish maintained in captivity exceeds by far that of any other vertebrate group, it is paramount to investigate cognitive enrichment in other teleost species.