bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep learning-based approach for forecasting intermittent online sales
Authors: Ahmadov Yashar , Helo Petri 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDeep Neural Networks (DNN’s) present some of the leading applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) which have proven suitability on various machine-learning use cases. Forecasting demand of intermittent on-line sales is a task which needs to be carried out automatically for a large number of Stock Keeping Units (SKU’s). This paper discusses the intermittent online sales and proposes an AI-based model for forecasting demand. We provide empirical evidence by utilizing data from 17 different sellers with approximately 3000 orders in total. Our findings indicate that thanks to their multi-layered learning structure, the DNN’s can provide up to 35% better accuracy than the classic models such as Moving Average, Exponential Smoothing, Croston’s method and ARIMA. Also, it was revealed that the time between orders’ arrivals follow Exponential distribution and the order sizes also generally follow Exponential distribution. Thus, most of the time, Poisson Exponential distribution can be used for modelling intermittent sales process through online platforms. The analyses show that Poisson Exponential distribution can generate values close to real sales with less than 7% error margin with real data.
Architecture design of a vehicle–road-cloud collaborative automated driving system
Authors: Ran Bin , Zheng Yuan , Luo Kaijie , Ma Haozhan , Rui Yikang , Li Linheng , Li Xiaolong , Hu Jinling , Hu Yanming 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTransportation systems serve as a crucial foundation for maintaining the normal operation of cities and satisfying the requirements of public life. With the development of next-generation information technologies, automated driving technologies have brought new opportunities to improve the performance of traffic systems and the intelligence level of cities. Currently, significant research efforts have been conducted to develop automated driving systems in three major industries, i.e., automobile, roadway, and telecommunication. However, the collaboration and integration of automated driving systems among automobile, roadway, and telecommunications are still lacking, especially for collaborative development of system architecture and objectives. To address the need, this study first proposes a system architecture of vehicle–road-cloud collaborative automated driving system (VRC-CADS). Three levels of collaborative development, i.e., collaborative sensing, collaborative decision-making, and collaborative control, are designed for the VRC-CADS. Based on that, the typical scenarios of automated driving for each level of the system are further defined and interpreted. Moreover, feasible and systematic suggestions for the collaborative development of the VRC-CADS are provided, considering the cross-cutting collaboration among government agencies, academia, and industry. The proposed system architecture of the VRC-CADS will facilitate the optimization of urban lifelines and the evolution of intelligent cities.
Developmental interactions between peer victimization and depressive symptoms in adolescents: A latent change score analysis
Authors: Wang Chenxu , Xin Guogang , Zhang Libin , Liu Haidong , Yang Yang , Zhang Yunyun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPeer victimization and depressive symptoms are highly relevant risks during adolescence. Understanding the dynamic patterns of interactions between peer victimization and depressive symptoms as well as gender differences in these variables can improve intervention strategies for adolescents navigating this critical transition period. In the present study, a large sample of Chinese adolescents reported peer victimization and depressive symptoms in four survey waves at six-month intervals. A total of 2534 adolescents (51.9% boys, M = 12.98 ± 0.60 years) were included in the latent change score (LCS) analysis. The results supported the reciprocal effects model obtained in the full sample. Changes in peer victimization were influenced by prior changes in depressive symptoms over time, and changes in depressive symptoms were influenced by prior levels of peer victimization. There were also gender differences, with boys exhibiting depressive symptom-driven effects on peer victimization, while girls exhibiting peer victimization-induced depressive symptoms. The dynamic relationships between peer victimization and depressive symptoms that promote and constrain each other in adolescents are elucidated in this study. Differentiating effects on boys and girls is crucial for enhancing the effectiveness of practical interventions.
Quantifying Diapir Ascent Velocities in Power‐Law Viscous Rock Under Far‐Field Stress: Integrating Analytical Estimates, 3D Numerical Calculations and Geodynamic Applications
Authors: Macherel Emilie , Podladchikov Yuri , Räss Ludovic , Schmalholz Stefan M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDiapirism is crucial for heat and mass transfer in many geodynamic processes. Understanding diapir ascent velocity is vital for assessing its significance in various geodynamic settings. Although analytical estimates exist for ascent velocities of diapirs in power‐law viscous, stress weakening fluids, they lack validation through 3D numerical calculations. Here, we improve these estimates by incorporating combined linear and power‐law viscous flow and validate them using 3D numerical calculations. We focus on a weak, buoyant sphere in a stress weakening fluid subjected to far‐field horizontal simple shear. The ascent velocity depends on two stress ratios: (a) the ratio of buoyancy stress to characteristic stress, controlling the transition from linear to power‐law viscous flow, and (b) the ratio of regional stress associated with far‐field shearing to characteristic stress. Comparing analytical estimates with numerical calculations, we find analytical estimates are accurate within a factor of two. However, discrepancies arise due to the analytical assumption that deviatoric stresses around the diapir are comparable to buoyancy stresses. Numerical results reveal significantly smaller deviatoric stresses. As deviatoric stresses govern stress‐dependent, power‐law viscosity, analytical estimates tend to overestimate stress weakening. We introduce a shape factor to improve accuracy. Additionally, we determine characteristic stresses for representative mantle and lower crustal flow laws and discuss practical implications in natural diapirism, such as sediment diapirs in subduction zones, magmatic plutons or exhumation of ultra‐high‐pressure rocks. Our study enhances understanding of diapir ascent velocities and associated stress conditions, contributing to a thorough comprehension of diapiric processes in geology.
Compound Dry and Wet Extremes Lead to an Increased Risk of Rice Yield Loss
Authors: Chen Huijiao , Wang Shuo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractExtreme dry and wet events can result in significant crop yield losses. However, the impact of consecutive occurrence of dry and wet extremes on crop yield remains unclear. Here, we investigate the hotspots of compound dry and wet (CDW) extremes across global rice croplands and their impacts on rice yield. We identify a significant increasing trend in the frequency of CDW extremes during 1981–2016. The risk of yield loss caused by CDW extremes can be twice as high as the risk from individual wet and dry extremes. Furthermore, we find that global rice croplands face a 43% higher risk of rice yield loss due to dry‐to‐wet extremes compared to wet‐to‐dry extremes. Our findings provide new insights into the sustainability of global rice production and food security in the face of compound hydrological extremes.
Observational Evidence of Unknown NOx Source and Its Perturbation of Oxidative Capacity in Bermuda's Marine Boundary Layer
Authors: Wang Youfeng , Zhu Yuting , Ye Chunxiang , Zhou Xianliang , Elshorbany Yasin , Hayden Matthew , Peters Andrew J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNitrogen oxides (NOx) are key intermediates in the atmospheric cycling of reactive nitrogen, the spatiotemporal distribution of which modulates ozone (O3) production. Field campaigns were conducted at the Tudor Hill Marine Atmospheric Observatory, Bermuda, in the spring and summer of 2019 to explore atmospheric cycling of NOx and its modulation of photochemical O3 production in the marine boundary layer. In aged, clean marine air, an atypical NO2 diel profile with a solar noon peak of 69 ± 5 pptv was recorded, challenging the classic U‐shaped diel profile with a solar noon valley characterized by fast photolysis and oxidation consumption in the daytime. This result indicated an unknown daytime NOx source excluded from the current near‐explicit chemical model, which underestimated the solar noon NOx level by 20–56 pptv and source rate by 9.7–33.5 pptv hr−1, considering the upper and lower limits of total OH reactivity and halogen photochemistry in the marine boundary layer. The observed HONO level accounted for ∼56% of the unknown NOx source, implying an unknown NOx regeneration pathway with HONO as an intermediate. The photochemical nature of the unknown NOx source maximized perturbation of photochemical OH and O3 production. The O3 abundance and production rate were underestimated by 2–4 ppbv and 28%–80%, respectively, and the OH abundance and source rate were 7%–55% and 21%–57% lower than the estimated levels with the constraint of NOx, respectively. The unknown NOx source requires urgent revision of the current understanding of reactive nitrogen cycling and the oxidative capacity of the clean marine atmosphere.
Mango‐GPP: A Process‐Based Model for Simulating Gross Primary Productivity of Mangrove Ecosystems
Authors: Tang Yuqi , Li Tingting , Yang Xiu‐Qun , Chao Qingchen , Wang Chunlin , Lai Derrick Y. F. , Liu Jiangong , Zhu Xudong , Zhao Xiaosong , Fan Xingwang , Zhang Yiping , Hu Qiwen , Qin Zhangcai 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMangrove ecosystems are becoming increasingly important in global climate mitigation. However, large gaps still exist in evaluating mangroves' gross primary productivity (GPP) due to reasons such as the specific influences, for example, temperature and salt stresses are poorly described in Earth System Models (ESMs). This study developed a process‐based biogeochemical model (Mango‐GPP) to improve the GPP simulation in natural and restored mangroves. The model integrates mangrove‐specific physiological processes, including the response to salt and temperature stresses, as well as the light‐use efficiency at different growing stages. Eddy covariance flux measurements at two natural sites and one restored site in China were used to calibrate and validate Mango‐GPP. The model was calibrated by inverse analysis approach based on two cases and independently validated against the other cases. The validation results showed that it was generally capable of simulating the seasonal and interannual GPP variations at different sites. The simulated daily and annual GPPs agreed well with the observations and yielded R2 of 0.67 and 0.96, with model efficiency of 0.64 and 0.93, respectively. In comparison, Mango‐GPP showed better performances than many current satellite‐based GPP products and ESMs. The model was more sensitive to solar radiation, carbon dioxide concentration, and leaf traits. Future improvements should focus on enhancing Mango‐GPP's descriptive power of key processes, and further simulating other carbon fluxes at regional scales. This work provides a model foundation for further simulating carbon exchanges between the atmosphere, mangrove, and ocean for studying the coastal wetland restoration on regional carbon neutrality.
Advances in high-performance MEMS pressure sensors: design, fabrication, and packaging
Authors: Han Xiangguang , Huang Mimi , Wu Zutang , Gao Yi , Xia Yong , Yang Ping , Fan Shu , Lu Xuhao , Yang Xiaokai , Liang Lin , Su Wenbi , Wang Lu , Cui Zeyu , Zhao Yihe , Li Zhikang , Zhao Libo , Jiang Zhuangde 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPressure sensors play a vital role in aerospace, automotive, medical, and consumer electronics. Although microelectromechanical system (MEMS)-based pressure sensors have been widely used for decades, new trends in pressure sensors, including higher sensitivity, higher accuracy, better multifunctionality, smaller chip size, and smaller package size, have recently emerged. The demand for performance upgradation has led to breakthroughs in sensor materials, design, fabrication, and packaging methods, which have emerged frequently in recent decades. This paper reviews common new trends in MEMS pressure sensors, including minute differential pressure sensors (MDPSs), resonant pressure sensors (RPSs), integrated pressure sensors, miniaturized pressure chips, and leadless pressure sensors. To realize an extremely sensitive MDPS with broad application potential, including in medical ventilators and fire residual pressure monitors, the “beam-membrane-island” sensor design exhibits the best performance of 66 μV/V/kPa with a natural frequency of 11.3 kHz. In high-accuracy applications, silicon and quartz RPS are analyzed, and both materials show ±0.01%FS accuracy with respect to varying temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) control methods. To improve MEMS sensor integration, different integrated “pressure +x” sensor designs and fabrication methods are compared. In this realm, the intercoupling effect still requires further investigation. Typical fabrication methods for microsized pressure sensor chips are also reviewed. To date, the chip thickness size can be controlled to be <0.1 mm, which is advantageous for implant sensors. Furthermore, a leadless pressure sensor was analyzed, offering an extremely small package size and harsh environmental compatibility. This review is structured as follows. The background of pressure sensors is first presented. Then, an in-depth introduction to MEMS pressure sensors based on different application scenarios is provided. Additionally, their respective characteristics and significant advancements are analyzed and summarized. Finally, development trends of MEMS pressure sensors in different fields are analyzed.
Airway epithelial cGAS inhibits LPS-induced acute lung injury through CREB signaling
Authors: Jin Zhangchu , Shao Zhehua , Yang Shiyi , Guo Anyi , Han Yinling , Wu Yinfang , Zhao Yun , Wu Yanping , Shen Jiaxin , Zhang Min , Zhan Xueqin , Diao Wenqi , Ying Songmin , Zhang Chao , Li Wen , Shen Huahao , Chen Zhihua , Yan Fugui 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIncreased levels of cytosolic DNA in lung tissues play an important role in acute lung injury. However, the detailed mechanisms involved remain elusive. Here, we found that cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS, a cytosolic DNA sensor) expression was increased in airway epithelium in response to increased cytosolic DNA. Conditional deletion of airway epithelial cGAS exacerbated acute lung injury in mice, cGAS knockdown augmented LPS-induced production of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8. Mechanically, deletion of cGAS augmented expression of phosphorylated CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein), and cGAS directly interacted with CREB via its C-terminal domain. Furthermore, CREB knockdown rescued the LPS-induced excessive inflammatory response caused by cGAS deletion. Our study demonstrates that airway epithelial cGAS plays a protective role in acute lung injury and confirms a non-canonical cGAS-CREB pathway that regulates the inflammatory responses in airway epithelium to mediate LPS-induced acute lung injury.
Comprehensive genomic profiling of breast cancers characterizes germline-somatic mutation interactions mediating therapeutic vulnerabilities
Authors: Chen Chao , Lin Cai-Jin , Pei Yu-Chen , Ma Ding , Liao Li , Li Si-Yuan , Fan Lei , Di Gen-Hong , Wu Song-Yang , Liu Xi-Yu , Wang Yun-Jin , Hong Qi , Zhang Guo-Liang , Xu Lin-Lin , Li Bei-Bei , Huang Wei , Shi Jin-Xiu , Jiang Yi-Zhou , Hu Xin , Shao Zhi-Ming 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGermline-somatic mutation interactions are universal and associated with tumorigenesis, but their role in breast cancer, especially in non-Caucasians, remains poorly characterized. We performed large-scale prospective targeted sequencing of matched tumor-blood samples from 4079 Chinese females, coupled with detailed clinical annotation, to map interactions between germline and somatic alterations. We discovered 368 pathogenic germline variants and identified 5 breast cancer DNA repair-associated genes (BCDGs; BRCA1/BRCA2/CHEK2/PALB2/TP53). BCDG mutation carriers, especially those with two-hit inactivation, demonstrated younger onset, higher tumor mutation burden, and greater clinical benefits from platinum drugs, PARP inhibitors, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Furthermore, we leveraged a multiomics cohort to reveal that clinical benefits derived from two-hit events are associated with increased genome instability and an immune-activated tumor microenvironment. We also established an ethnicity-specific tool to predict BCDG mutation and two-hit status for genetic evaluation and therapeutic decisions. Overall, this study leveraged the large sequencing cohort of Chinese breast cancers, optimizing genomics-guided selection of DNA damaging-targeted therapy and immunotherapy within a broader population.
Autoregulation of the LIM kinases by their PDZ domain
Authors: Casanova-Sepúlveda Gabriela , Sexton Joel A. , Turk Benjamin E. , Boggon Titus J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLIM domain kinases (LIMK) are important regulators of actin cytoskeletal remodeling. These protein kinases phosphorylate the actin depolymerizing factor cofilin to suppress filament severing, and are key nodes between Rho GTPase cascades and actin. The two mammalian LIMKs, LIMK1 and LIMK2, contain consecutive LIM domains and a PDZ domain upstream of the C-terminal kinase domain. The roles of the N-terminal regions are not fully understood, and the function of the PDZ domain remains elusive. Here, we determine the 2.0 Å crystal structure of the PDZ domain of LIMK2 and reveal features not previously observed in PDZ domains including a core-facing arginine residue located at the second position of the ‘x-Φ-G-Φ’ motif, and that the expected peptide binding cleft is shallow and poorly conserved. We find a distal extended surface to be highly conserved, and when LIMK1 was ectopically expressed in yeast we find targeted mutagenesis of this surface decreases growth, implying increased LIMK activity. PDZ domain LIMK1 mutants expressed in yeast are hyperphosphorylated and show elevated activity in vitro. This surface in both LIMK1 and LIMK2 is critical for autoregulation independent of activation loop phosphorylation. Overall, our study demonstrates the functional importance of the PDZ domain to autoregulation of LIMKs.
Recently activated CD4 T cells in tuberculosis express OX40 as a target for host-directed immunotherapy
Authors: Gress Abigail R. , Ronayne Christine E. , Thiede Joshua M. , Meyerholz David K. , Okurut Samuel , Stumpf Julia , Mathes Tailor V. , Ssebambulidde Kenneth , Meya David B. , Cresswell Fiona V. , Boulware David R. , Bold Tyler D. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAfter Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, many effector T cells traffic to the lungs, but few become activated. Here we use an antigen receptor reporter mouse (Nur77-GFP) to identify recently activated CD4 T cells in the lungs. These Nur77-GFPHI cells contain expanded TCR clonotypes, have elevated expression of co-stimulatory genes such as Tnfrsf4/OX40, and are functionally more protective than Nur77-GFPLO cells. By contrast, Nur77-GFPLO cells express markers of terminal exhaustion and cytotoxicity, and the trafficking receptor S1pr5, associated with vascular localization. A short course of immunotherapy targeting OX40+ cells transiently expands CD4 T cell numbers and shifts their phenotype towards parenchymal protective cells. Moreover, OX40 agonist immunotherapy decreases the lung bacterial burden and extends host survival, offering an additive benefit to antibiotics. CD4 T cells from the cerebrospinal fluid of humans with HIV-associated tuberculous meningitis commonly express surface OX40 protein, while CD8 T cells do not. Our data thus propose OX40 as a marker of recently activated CD4 T cells at the infection site and a potential target for immunotherapy in tuberculosis.
Biophysical basis of filamentous phage tactoid-mediated antibiotic tolerance in P. aeruginosa
Authors: Böhning Jan , Graham Miles , Letham Suzanne C. , Davis Luke K. , Schulze Ulrike , Stansfeld Phillip J. , Corey Robin A. , Pearce Philip , Tarafder Abul K. , Bharat Tanmay A. M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractInoviruses are filamentous phages infecting numerous prokaryotic phyla. Inoviruses can self-assemble into mesoscale structures with liquid-crystalline order, termed tactoids, which protect bacterial cells in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms from antibiotics. Here, we investigate the structural, biophysical, and protective properties of tactoids formed by the P. aeruginosa phage Pf4 and Escherichia coli phage fd. A cryo-EM structure of the capsid from fd revealed distinct biochemical properties compared to Pf4. Fd and Pf4 formed tactoids with different morphologies that arise from differing phage geometries and packing densities, which in turn gave rise to different tactoid emergent properties. Finally, we showed that tactoids formed by either phage protect rod-shaped bacteria from antibiotic treatment, and that direct association with a tactoid is required for protection, demonstrating the formation of a diffusion barrier by the tactoid. This study provides insights into how filamentous molecules protect bacteria from extraneous substances in biofilms and in host-associated infections.
Alveolar epithelial progenitor cells require Nkx2-1 to maintain progenitor-specific epigenomic state during lung homeostasis and regeneration
Authors: Toth Andrea , Kannan Paranthaman , Snowball John , Kofron Matthew , Wayman Joseph A. , Bridges James P. , Miraldi Emily R. , Swarr Daniel , Zacharias William J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLung epithelial regeneration after acute injury requires coordination cellular coordination to pattern the morphologically complex alveolar gas exchange surface. During adult lung regeneration, Wnt-responsive alveolar epithelial progenitor (AEP) cells, a subset of alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells, proliferate and transition to alveolar type 1 (AT1) cells. Here, we report a refined primary murine alveolar organoid, which recapitulates critical aspects of in vivo regeneration. Paired scRNAseq and scATACseq followed by transcriptional regulatory network (TRN) analysis identified two AT1 transition states driven by distinct regulatory networks controlled in part by differential activity of Nkx2-1. Genetic ablation of Nkx2-1 in AEP-derived organoids was sufficient to cause transition to a proliferative stressed Krt8+ state, and AEP-specific deletion of Nkx2-1 in adult mice led to rapid loss of progenitor state and uncontrolled growth of Krt8+ cells. Together, these data implicate dynamic epigenetic maintenance via Nkx2-1 as central to the control of facultative progenitor activity in AEPs.