bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Pilot Trial of Tongue Reconstruction Using the Chimeric Innervated Vastus Lateralis Muscle and Antero‐Lateral Thigh Free Flap
Authors: Charters Emma , Boehm Jessica , D'Silva Anita Macdonald , Wu Raymond , Mueller Simon A. , Low Tsu‐Hui (Hubert) , Clark Jonathan R. , Wykes James 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundSubtotal and total glossectomies for advanced tongue cancer result in significant speech‐ and swallow‐related morbidity, impairing quality of life. This prospective pilot study compares the safety and functional outcomes associated with using a chimeric innervated muscle and fasciocutaneous flap for soft tissue reconstruction.Materials and MethodsA prospective, non‐randomized controlled pilot study evaluated a standardized technique for tongue reconstruction using a chimeric innervated vastus lateralis muscle and anterolateral thigh fasciocutaneous flap. Inclusion criteria were ≥ 50% resection of the oral tongue. Participants were followed longitudinally, with measures recorded at baseline, 6–8 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months after surgery. The primary endpoints were post‐operative complications, time to radiotherapy, operative time, and locoregional failure, videofluoroscopy swallow studies (dynamic imaging grade of swallowing toxicity (DIGEST), penetration and aspiration score, performance status scale for head and neck). Secondary endpoints were patient‐rated outcomes.ResultsEighteen participants were recruited (10 intervention: 8 controls). Fourteen (78%) experienced complications, only one of which was related to the innervated flap. DIGEST scores deteriorated post‐operatively across all participants but did not differ significantly between the intervention and control groups (p = 0.4) at any point post‐surgery, despite more extensive resections in the intervention group. Those in the intervention group had better patient‐rated intelligibility (p = 0.04). Multimodality treatment was associated with worse speech (p = 0.03) and normalcy of diet (p = 0.02). Less extensive resections were associated with better scores in eating in public (p = 0.005), tongue range of movement (p = 0.0008), intelligibility (p = 0.006), and diet (p = 0.001).ConclusionsThe innervated vastus lateralis and antero‐lateral thigh free‐flap technique is safe and improves speech intelligibility for patients with subtotal and total glossectomy defects. However, the technique requires refinement to optimize functional and quality‐of‐life outcomes.
Iron fertilization and shade impacts on two warm‐season turfgrasses under greenhouse conditions
Authors: Taylor Jacob W. , Liu Haibo , White Sarah A. , Luo Hong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTwo greenhouse studies were conducted at the Clemson University Greenhouse Research Complex in Clemson, SC, to examine the impacts of shade and iron fertilization on two warm‐season turfgrasses under greenhouse conditions. Diamond zoysiagrass [Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr] and Tifgrand bermudagrass (Cynodon transvaalensis Burt‐Davy x C. dactylon) were grown in pure sand; under full sun, 40% continuous shade, and 60% continuous shade; and treated with three levels of foliar‐applied ferrous sulfate (FeSO4 • H2O)—control, 3 kg ha−1 Fe, and 5 kg ha−1 Fe. Turfgrasses were evaluated based on visual turfgrass quality (TQ), normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI), shoot chlorophyll index, clipping yield, tissue nutrient concentrations, total root and verdure biomass, and total biomass. Turf species and shade level impacted TQ and NDVI most weeks, whereas Fe only impacted TQ most weeks. Diamond had consistently higher TQ scores than Tifgrand. Both species displayed acceptable TQ under light to moderate shade, and unacceptable TQ was only shown under 60% shade. Iron applications of 3 and 5 kg ha−1 produced higher TQ scores than the control, demonstrating that Fe fertilization may have beneficial impacts, improving TQ of shaded to non‐shaded turfgrasses.
Parental Drinking Patterns and Adolescent Alcohol Consumption: Considering the Role of Sex and Developmental Stage
Authors: Kondratenko Valeriia A. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionResearch indicates that parental behaviors shape adolescents' alcohol consumption, but it is unclear whether mothers or fathers have a more significant impact and how this relationship varies by sex and developmental stage. This study examines the effects of parental alcohol consumption patterns on adolescents in Russia using a large representative sample.MethodsThe study employs pooled data from the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey—Higher School of Economics (RLMS‐HSE) from 2006 to 2019. The final sample included 25 611 cases of adolescents with the available data on their parents (20% male adolescents aged 14–17, 20% female adolescents aged 14–17, 28% male adolescents aged 18–22, and 32% female adolescents aged 18–22; M = 18.22, SD = 2.63). Logistic regression models were used to account for sex and developmental stages. Adolescent drinking was measured as a binary variable indicating drinking at least sometimes, while parental drinking was categorised into five levels, including moderate and excessive consumption.ResultsMaternal alcohol consumption patterns were associated with adolescent drinking. Sex differences were observed, with parental drinking patterns showing a greater association with alcohol use for female adolescents. For middle adolescents, a positive association with excessive alcohol consumption by their parents was found.ConclusionThe study emphasises the importance of considering both parents' alcohol consumption patterns when examining adolescent alcohol use, with findings indicating that maternal drinking played a more significant role than paternal drinking. It is crucial to explore this relationship separately for male and female adolescents, considering the stage of adolescence.
Thyroid Endocrine Disrupting Potential of Fluoxetine in Zebrafish Larvae
Authors: Huang Jin , Liu Kunyun , Chen Shan , Tang Huijia , Li Ruiwen , Wang Xianzheng , Sun Heying 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTFluoxetine (FLX), a typical selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, has been frequently detected in aquatic environment and wild fish. However, little is known about its effect on thyroid endocrine system. In the present study, zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were exposed to 1, 3, 10, and 30 μg/L of FLX for 6 days. Chemical analysis demonstrated that FLX and its metabolic product (nonfluoxetine, NFLX) were accumulated in zebrafish larvae. The exposure resulted in decreased thyroid hormones (THs) levels, indicating thyroid endocrine disruption. Moreover, thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) content was significantly inhibited in a concentration‐dependent manner after exposure to FLX. Gene transcription in the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) axis was further examined, and the results showed that the genes encoding corticotrophin‐releasing hormone (crh) and thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (trh) were significantly up‐regulated as a compensatory mechanism for the decreased TH contents accompanied with decreased tshβ mRNA expression. In addition, genes involved in thyroid hormone synthesis (sodium/iodide symporter, nis, thyroglobulin, tg) and transport (transthyretin, ttr) were down‐regulated after exposure to FLX in a concentration‐dependent manner. The increased gene transcription of deiodinases (dio2) and uridinediphosphate‐glucuronosyltransferase (ugt1ab) might be responsible for the decrease of TH contents. In addition, a significant inhibition in thyroid hormone receptors (trα and trβ) gene expression was observed upon treatment with FLX. All these results demonstrated that FLX could alter THs and TSH content as well as gene transcription in the HPT axis, exerting an endocrine disruption of the thyroid system in zebrafish larvae.
Wearable Multimodal Optical Analyzers: Physiological Variability and Reproducibility of Measurements
Authors: Loktionova Yu. I. , Zharkikh E. V. , Parshakova V. E. , Sidorov V. V. , Dunaev A. V. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe work is devoted to the study of the physiological variability of the microcirculatory‐tissue system (MTS) parameters under normal conditions and during functional tests. The results were obtained in vivo using multimodal wearable analyzers implementing methods of laser Doppler flowmetry and fluorescence spectroscopy. Comprehensive data analysis and calculation of the coefficients of variation of the MTS parameters of the human body for various topographic and anatomical areas of the skin were carried out. The obtained results showed higher values of the coefficient of variation of MTS parameters in the area of the toes and wrists, while the fingers and forehead skin showed lower levers of variation. In all areas of the study, reproducibility of the parameters obtained for the right and left areas of the study is observed.
Genetics, sex and the use of platelet‐rich plasma influence the development of arthrofibrosis after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Sánchez Mikel , Yarza Izarbe , Jorquera Cristina , Aznar Jose María , de Dicastillo Leonor López , Valente Cristina , Andrade Renato , Espregueira‐Mendes João , Celorrio David , Aizpurua Beatriz , Azofra Juan , Delgado Diego 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPurposeTo identify genes and patient factors that are related to the development of arthrofibrosis in patients after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and to develop a prognostic model.MethodsThe study included patients diagnosed with ACL injury who underwent ACL reconstruction. Patients were enroled consecutively and divided into non‐fibrotic (controls) and fibrotic (cases) groups until a balanced sample of matched case–control was achieved. Arthrofibrosis was considered pathological if the range of motion achieved 3 months after surgery decreased by at least 25% compared to its initial full range of motion. Patient variables and saliva samples were collected from each patient to perform a genetic approach by screening a set of candidate genes implicated in arthrofibrosis. Chi‐squared was used to analyze the association between the development of arthrofibrosis and different independent variables. Binary logistic regression was used to develop a prognostic algorithm.ResultsA total of 45 controls (non‐fibrotic patients) (50.1%) and 44 cases (fibrotic patients) (49.9%) were included for analysis. The median age was 34.0 years (95% confidence interval = 29.0–38.0) and the number of women was 32 (35.9%). Seven genetic polymorphisms showed significant association with the development of arthrofibrosis (p < 0.05). After binary regression analysis, the regression model included the polymorphisms rs4343 (ACE), rs1800947 (CRP), rs8032158 (NEDD4) and rs679620 (MMP3). This analysis also indicated that female gender was a risk factor while the use of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) during surgery was a preventive factor (p < 0.05).ConclusionGenetic alterations involved in inflammation and extracellular matrix turnover predispose to the development of arthrofibrosis after ACL reconstruction. Female sex was a risk factor in the development of this condition, while the application of PRP provided a preventive effect. The combination of patient and genetic variants of a patient allows the development of a prognostic algorithm for the risk of post‐surgical arthrofibrosis.Level of Evidencelevel III.
Functional Morphology of Hatching: Ontogeny and Distribution of Hatching Gland Cells in Red‐Eyed Treefrogs and a New Marker for Anuran Hatching Enzyme
Authors: Salazar‐Nicholls María José , Bazante Henry Macías , Warkentin Karen M. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTEnvironmentally cued hatching (ECH) is widespread in animals and requires regulation of hatching mechanisms. Enzymatic digestion of the egg membrane is a common hatching mechanism in vertebrates and invertebrates. In amphibians and fishes, hatching enzymes (HE) are synthesized and released by hatching gland cells (HGC), whose functional ontogeny determines when hatching can occur. Ontogenetic studies of HGC development or HE expression are limited, based largely on external cell morphology; few markers for HGC or HE are available, and those appear specific for Xenopus. Moreover, mechanisms regulating HE release are unknown in anurans. To investigate variation in the hatching process, we need tools to identify and analyze its components. Agalychnis callidryas (Hylidae) is a well‐established model of ECH, showing plastically timed, acute HE release, unlike the gradual release described for some aquatic anurans. We developed a new antibody marker for A. callidryas HE that also labels HGC/HE in glassfrogs (Centrolenidae). As glassfrogs and treefrogs diverged 62 mya, the antibody may be broadly useful in anurans. We used the AcHE antibody to examine the development and distribution of HGC and accumulation of HE, two key elements of hatching mechanisms, in A. callidryas. We found a much larger number (ca. 4200) and broader distribution of HGC than has been documented in any amphibian, with HGC densely but non‐contiguously distributed over the front of the head and eyes and scattered along the dorsal midline. HE expression begins before hatching competence and is strong throughout the plastic hatching period, unlike HE gene expression which diminishes after competence. The distribution and expression ontogeny of A. callidryas' HE/HGC appear related to their hatching performance, plasticity, and embryo morphology. The AcHE antibody will enable comparative research to elucidate co‐variation in the functional morphology, performance, and ecological context of hatching.
New palaeolimnological record from West Anatolia (Paleo‐Kuleönü Lake) provides new information on the activity of the Gölcük volcanism and the distribution of the Santorini Minoan eruption
Authors: Şenkul Çetin , Ünlü Yasemin , Özdemİr Yavuz , Kağan Kadioğlu Yusuf , Gürboğa Şule 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAnatolia, which had active volcanoes during the Pleistocene and Holocene periods, was also influenced by volcanic eruptions around the Eastern Mediterranean. Therefore, tephrochronology is an important research topic in palaeoenvironmental studies conducted in Anatolia. This study focuses on the geochemical characteristics, chronologies and source areas of six different tephra layers identified in a 16 m sediment core obtained from Paleo‐Kuleönü Lake in the Lake District of West Anatolia. Whole‐rock geochemistry is used to determine the geochemical characteristics and source of the tephra layers, micro X‐ray fluorescence analysis is used to determine relative element changes throughout the cores, and 14C analysis is performed to establish the chronologies. The geochemistry of the Paleo‐Kuleönü Lake tephra layers is consistent with the Gölcük volcanism located in West Anatolia province and the Minoan eruption within the Aegean volcanic province. The layers that resemble the geochemistry of the Gölcük volcanism accumulated at ~33 218 cal a
bp (PLK‐19‐1; 30 cm), ~32 267 cal a
bp (PLK‐19‐2: 18 cm), ~31 597 cal a
bp (PLK‐19‐3; 8 cm), ~31 300 cal a
bp (PLK‐19‐4; 17 cm) and ~26547 cal a
bp (PLK‐19‐5; 13 cm) and are associated with the last eruptive cycle (Cycle III) of the volcanism. The closest tephra layer to the surface in the sediment core, designated as PLK‐19‐6 (~1.5 cm), shows geochemical similarities with the Santorini Minoan eruption. However, according to our data, the age of the tephra layer is ~4717
bp/~5542 cal a
bp, which is inconsistent with the widely accepted date for the Minoan eruption in the literature. The discrepancy between the geochemical match and chronological inconsistency is discussed in the context of the results presented in the paper.
CMOS and CCD Detection in Raman Spectroscopy: A Comparison Using Spontaneous and Multiplex Coherent Anti‐Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS)
Authors: Klement W. J. Niels , Leproux Philippe , Browne Wesley R. , Kano Hideaki 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTCooled CCD cameras are used widely in spectroscopy, mainly due to their sensitivity, low noise under low‐light conditions, and relatively high image and spectral readout rates. Despite their many advantages, CCD cameras have limitations. Particularly under bright‐light conditions, such as those encountered with coherent Raman spectroscopies, the finite readout time of CCD chips becomes limiting. Furthermore, when weak signals need to be observed close to intense signals, blooming and smearing limit the signal‐to‐noise ratios achievable. Scientific complementary mixed oxide (sCMOS)–based sensors are relatively new. Although they still show much higher readout noise than cooled CCDs, their application to spectroscopy is of interest given the higher readout rates and dynamic ranges possible. Here, we evaluate sCMOS sensors for multiplex (50 ps) CARS and spontaneous Raman spectroscopy, making a direct comparison with a state‐of‐the‐art EM‐CCD detector. The EM‐CCD camera outperforms the sCMOS camera in terms of limits of detection, while the sCMOS camera performs better than the CCD in terms of dynamic range and readout rate. Importantly, an sCMOS camera does not suffer from interference due to blooming and smearing seen with CCD cameras, which enables observation of weak bands (e.g., Raman overtones) close to much more intense signals. Here, we show that, at readout rates > 20–50 Hz, the performances of the two detector types are not substantially different. We anticipate that sCMOS‐based cameras will find application for bright spectroscopies, such as multiplex CARS, as well as spontaneous Raman spectroscopy and Raman spectral imaging.
The Technical Expertise's Mediating Role for Optimizing Government Start‐Ups: An Empirical Framework for Managing Strategic Effectiveness
Authors: Amedzro St‐Hilaire Walter 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis article aims to illustrate, using an empirical‐formal approach, how technical expertise connects optimization mechanisms, skill acquisition, productivity, and employee fatigue in government start‐ups. In the context of scenario planning, the article's findings demonstrate that technical expertise functions as the primary mediator of enhanced technical proficiency when optimization practices are implemented. However, its mediating role is only partial. Consequently, scenario planning must emphasize the inherent uncertainties and equip public managers and micro‐organizations with sufficient adaptive capabilities and agility to succeed. The research contributes to enhancing technical proficiency and optimizing public service, providing valuable insights to the literature.
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux and Upper Airway Obstruction Patterns in Nonobese Sleep Apnea Patients
Authors: Gul Fatih , Ensari Aslihan , Babademez Mehmet Ali 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivesThe study aims to investigate the relationship between the presence of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) and obstruction levels identified during drug‐induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) among nonobese patients.MethodsWe conducted a prospective study of 105 adult patients diagnosed with OSA who underwent DISE using propofol sedation from 2019 to 2024 at a tertiary hospital. To control for the confounding impact of obesity on LPR, the study selectively enrolled individuals presenting a body mass index within the normal range. LPR was assessed using Reflux Symptom Index and Reflux Finding Score. DISE was performed to evaluate upper airway obstruction at various levels, documented using the VOTE classification system by three blinded reviewers. Hypertrophy of the lingual and palatine tonsils was graded using a four‐point scale.ResultsApproximately 48.57% of 105 patients showed the presence of LPR. The chi‐square test demonstrated a statistically significant association between LPR and the level of airway obstruction, particularly at the tongue base (p = 0.039). Lingual tonsil hypertrophy Grade 3 at the tongue base and palatine tonsil hypertrophy Grade 3 at the oropharynx both showed significant overrepresentation, with adjusted residual values of 4.0 and 4.8, respectively. Complete tongue base obstruction showed a statistically significant association with LPR, with a strong predictive value in both univariate (β = 2.325, OR = 10.227, p = 0.007) and multivariate analyses (β = 2.295, OR = 9.921, p = 0.008).ConclusionsThe presence of LPR in nonobese OSA patients appears to be significantly associated with an increased likelihood of tongue base obstruction.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 2025
Longitudinal Changes in Patient‐ and Clinical‐Reported Outcomes in Early Spinocerebellar Ataxia Types 1, 2, 3, and 6 from the IDEA Study
Authors: Rawlings Andreea M. , Chuang Rosalind S. , Schmahmann Jeremy D. , Perlman Susan L. , Rosenthal Liana S. , Safarpour Delaram , Casey Hannah , Horak Fay B. , Gomez Christopher M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundClinical outcomes assessments (COAs) in spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) need to be standardized, ataxia‐specific, sensitive to change, clinically relevant, and meaningful to patients.ObjectivesTo evaluate the longitudinal 1‐ and 2‐year performances of different patient reported outcomes, including the Patient Reported Outcome Measure of Ataxia (PROM‐Ataxia), and clinician reported outcomes, including FARS and SARA, in those with early manifest symptoms of SCA 1, 2, 3, and 6.MethodsWe studied 53 patients with early stage SCA1‐3 and SCA6 from The Instrumented Data Exchange for Ataxia Study and 24 age‐matched healthy controls. Participants were seen every 6 months for 2 years. Mixed models were used to estimate change over 12‐ and 24‐months of follow‐up. Changes on the FARS‐FS and PGI‐C were used as anchors to estimate meaningful changes.ResultsAmong persons with SCA, mean age was 48.7 years and mean SARA score was 9.3. Few measures showed statistically significant changes at 12 months. At 24‐months, the FARS‐ADL, PROM‐Ataxia total, PROM‐Ataxia physical, and PROM‐Ataxia ADL scores showed the strongest associations of change.ConclusionsPatient reported or derived outcome measures, such as FARS‐ADL and ADL sub domain of the PROM‐Ataxia, can capture longitudinal change in patients’ symptom experience over a 2‐year period and its impact on daily activities, even in those with early disease. More work is needed to identify outcomes that reliably capture change earlier.
Dynamic Video Assessment of Axial Postural Abnormalities in Parkinson's Disease: A Pilot Study
Authors: Artusi Carlo Alberto , Geroin Christian , Pandino Clarissa , Camozzi Serena , Aldegheri Stefano , Lopiano Leonardo , Tinazzi Michele , Bombieri Nicola 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundAxial postural abnormalities (APAs) are frequent and disabling axial symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Image‐based measurement is considered the gold standard but may not accurately detect the true severity of APAs because these symptoms can appear or get worse under dynamic conditions.ObjectiveThe aim was to evaluate quantitative changes in APAs degree during prolonged standing and walking in both single‐ and dual‐task conditions (motor + cognitive).MethodsWe measured the degree of anterior and lateral trunk flexion (LTF) of 16 PD patients using AutoPosturePD during 4 tasks of 3 min each: (1) standing in place in a quiet condition, (2) standing in place while reading, (3) walking without performing other tasks, and (4) walking performing a cognitive task.ResultsDuring prolonged standing, we found a significant LTF worsening under both single‐ and dual‐task conditions over time (P: 0.010 and 0.018); anterior trunk flexion (ATF) with thoracic and lumbar fulcrum showed a significant worsening only under dual‐task conditions (P < 0.05). All trunk flexion angles were higher during dual task compared to single task, and the difference in dual task was already statistically significant after 1 min. During walking, only ATF with lumbar fulcrum showed a significant worsening (P < 0.05), observed in dual task already after 1 min.ConclusionsOur pilot study suggests that one minute standing while reading may be sufficient to obtain a more reliable measure of the severity of LTF and ATF, with an expected change of ~ 7° for LTF and ATF with thoracic fulcrum and 11° for ATF with lumbar fulcrum.