bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A High-performance Osmotic Energy Conversion Membrane Enabled by Cu2+-crosslinked Polyamide Acid
Authors: Zhai Jin , He Jianwei , Wang Yuting , Lu Bingxin , Li Xuejiang , Liu Jun , Wang Zhe , Fan Xia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Ion-selective membranes can convert osmotic energy into electrical energy through reverse electrodialysis, thus enabling the generation of sustainable blue energy. However, developing ion-selective membranes with excellent ion selectivity and fast ion transport rates, while also suitable for large-scale production, poses a significant challenge. In this study, we propose a feasible solution on a large scale: an amorphous polymer membrane with sub-nanopore channels made from Cu2+-cross-linked polyamide acid (PAA-Cu). The presence of inherent carboxyl sub-nanochannels in the PAA-Cu membrane (membrane area 390 cm2), combined with the three-dimensional porous interconnected structure formed through Cu2+ coordination, synergistically enhances ion propulsion and selective ion transport properties under the dominating influence of surface charge. By leveraging the energy gradient, the PAA-Cu membrane demonstrates an output power density of 187 W m-2 when subjected to a salinity gradient of 50-fold (0.5 M/0.01 M) KCl. Moreover, it can extract osmotic energy from the diffusion between saline solutions of the same concentration, offering a promising energy harvesting system for industrial wastewater treatment. These findings suggest that the self-supporting PAA-Cu membrane holds great potential for the practical implementation of osmotic energy conversion.
Mitigating Perennial Floods in Cities of the Global South: A Nature Based Approach
Authors: Asiedu Joel Barnard Kofi , Nyarko Benjamin Kofi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The incidence of flooding in cities of the global south has become perennial with increasing urbanization, showing a lack of targeted approach to the challenge. The objective of this research was to develop a resilient and an integrated approach to stormwater management that could be used to inform policy. The Research for Design model was adopted using the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA), Ghana as a case. Land cover types for three focal areas; Area1, Area2, and Area3, respectively 10.2 km2, 10.2 km2 and 10.5 km2 were extracted and combined with daily rainfall values to estimate direct runoff, using the Curve Number method. Eight [8] landcover types were extracted based on which percentage imperviousness was determined for Area1 (54.1%), Area2 (43.66%) and Area3 (22%). Area3 had more large roofs (≥ 81m2) averaging 248.5 m2 compared with Area2 (195.6 m 2) and Area1 (182.2 m2) but did not significantly impact runoff generation at 5%. Harvestable roof runoff for both small roofs (< 81m2) and large roofs (≥ 81m2) contributed 32.6% in Area1, 22.5% in Area2 and 14.7% in Area3, to runoff generation per rain event. The results suggests that retaining roof runoff at the plot level could significantly reduce stormwater runoff. To demonstrate this Living Labs concepts was combined with various design methods, aided by a schema to integratively design a selected site for roofwater harvesting for irrigation, storage for non-portable uses, infiltration to recharge groundwater and to create amenity values. The research contributes to knowledge by proposing a quantitative basis to target stormwater management at the plot level.
WITHDRAWN: Development of the correlation between mitophagy-related genes and epilepsy
Authors: zheng jingxian , Wang Miao , Zhang Han , An Wen , Xu xiangping 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Approximately 30% of patients with epilepsy are refractory to medication. Dysregulation of mitochondrial autophagy in the central nervous system may be associated with the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Therefore, we conducted a global analysis to elucidate the biological roles of mitophagy-related genes in epilepsy.
Methods
We downloaded the GSE143272 dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and identified mitophagy-related genes (MRGs) from the Molecular Signatures Database. The differentially expressed MRGs between drug-naïve patients with epilepsy and healthy individuals were identified. A protein–protein interaction (PPI) network and diagnostic model were then constructed. Subsequently, we performed functional enrichment and clustering analysis to identify the different epilepsy subtypes. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was used to identify significant modules closely related to epilepsy, and a PPI network was co-constructed with MRGs to obtain hub genes. Finally, we used CIBERSORT to further investigate the distribution pattern of peripheral blood immune cell subtypes in patients with epilepsy, as well as the correlation between hub genes, MRG expression, and immune cell infiltration.
Results
We identified 11 differentially expressed MRGs (5 upregulated and 6 downregulated). The MRG diagnostic model used in our study showed good diagnostic performance. We identified the top six significant modules that were closely related to epilepsy. By co-constructing PPI with MRGs, we obtained the top 10 hub genes and constructed a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. Furthermore, CIBERSORT analysis indicated that patients with epilepsy had a higher infiltration level of neutrophils, and the hub genes and differentially expressed MRGs were highly correlated with infiltrating immune cells.
Conclusions
Our findings highlight that mitophagy is associated with epilepsy and may provide a novel direction for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
The Association between Serum Cortisol and Folate Levels and Positive and Negative Symptoms in Patients with first episode of Schizophrenia: A Case-Control Study
Authors: shahini najmeh , derakhshanopour firoozeh , chalakinia nasrin , omiddezyani mahsa , zare mostafa 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum cortisol and folate levels and the positive and negative symptoms of patients with schizophrenia, comparing them with a control group. The study included 66 individuals, comprising 33 patients with first episode of schizophrenia and 33 controls. Demographic information, the Simpson-Angus Extrapyramidal Side Effect Scale (SAS), and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) were used to collect data on demographic characteristics, symptom severity, and extrapyramidal symptoms. Blood samples were obtained from each patient to measure cortisol and folate levels. The results showed that the mean ± SD cortisol and folate levels in the schizophrenia group were 54.98 ± 26.90 and 2.21 ± 2.20, which were significantly lower compared to the control group, where the levels were 96.10 ± 57.15 and 14.69 ± 11.68 (P < 0.0001). There was no significant correlation between cortisol and folate levels and the total scores on the SAS, PANSS, and their subscales in the schizophrenia group. However, patients with a history of psychiatric illness had significantly lower cortisol levels compared to the control group (P = 0.017), and patients with a history of hypothyroidism had significantly lower serum folate levels (P = 0.020). Folate levels were significantly higher in smokers (P = 0.036). In conclusion, the study found significantly lower serum folate and cortisol levels in patients with first episode of schizophrenia. However, there was no association between PANSS and SAS scores and serum cortisol and folate levels.
A Comparison of Representations in Grammar-Guided Genetic Programming in the context of Glucose Prediction in People with Diabetes
Authors: Ingelse Leon , Hidalgo Jose Ignacio , Colmenar José Manuel , Lourenço Nuno , Fonseca Alcides 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

The representation of individuals in Genetic Programming (GP) has a large impact on the evolutionary process. In this work, we investigate the evolutionary process of three Grammar-Guided GP (GGGP) methods, Context-Free Grammars GP (CFG-GP), Grammatical Evolution (GE) and Structured Grammatical Evolution (SGE), in the context of the complex, real-world problem of predicting the glucose level of people with diabetes two hours ahead of time.Our analysis differs from previous analyses by (1) comparing all three methods on a complex benchmark, (2) implementing the methods in the same framework, allowing a fairer comparison, and (3) analyzing the evolutionary process outside of performance.We conclude that representation choice is more impactful with a higher maximum depth, and that CFG-GP better explores the search space for deeper trees, achieving better results. Furthermore, we find that CFG-GP relies more on feature construction, whereas GE and SGE rely more on feature selection.Additionally, we altered the GGGP methods in two ways: using $\epsilon$-lexicase selection, which solved the overfitting problem of CFG-GP; and with a penalization of complex trees, to create more interpretable trees. Combining $\epsilon$-lexicase selection with CFG-GP performed best.Finally, we evaluated the impact of initialization methods in the quality of solutions, having found that they have no impact, even when the change of representation has.
Post-cholecystectomy Bile duct injuries: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Zidan Mohamed H. , Seif-Eldeen Mostafa , Ghazal Abdelhamid , Refaie Mostafa 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background: Bile duct injury (BDI) is still a major worrisome complication that is feared by all surgeons undergoing cholecystectomy. The overall incidence of biliary duct injuries still falls between 0.2-1.3%. BDI classification remains an important method to define the type of injury conducted for investigation and management. In recent years, a Consensus has been taken to clearly define BDI using the ATOM classification. Early management brings better results than delayed management. The current perspective in biliary surgery is the laparoscopic role in diagnosing and managing BDI. Diagnostic laparoscopy has been conducted in various entities for diagnostic and therapeutic measures in both minor and major BDIs.
Methods: 35 cases with iatrogenic BDI following cholecystectomy (after both open and laparoscopic approaches) both happened in or were referred to Alexandria Main University Hospital surgical department from January 2019 till May 2022 and were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were classified according to the ATOM classification. Management options undertaken were mentioned and compared to the timing of diagnosis, and the morbidity and mortality rates (using the Clavien-Dindo classification).
Results: 35 patients with BDI after both laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) (54.3%), and Open cholecystectomy (OC) (45.7%) (20% were converted and 25.7% were Open from the start) were classified according to ATOM classification. 45.7% were main bile duct injuries (MBDI), and 54.3% were non-main bile duct injuries (NMBDI), where only one case 2.9% was associated with vasculobiliary injury (VBI). 28% (n=10) of the cases were diagnosed intraoperatively (Ei), 62.9% were diagnosed early postoperatively (Ep), and 8.6% were diagnosed in the late postoperative period (L). LC was associated with 84.2% of the NMBDI, and only 18.8% of the MBDI, compared to OC which was associated with 81.3% of the MBDI, and 15.8% of the NMBDI. By the Clavien-Dindo classification, 68.6% fell into Class IIIb, 20% into Class I, 5.7% into Class V (mortality rate), 2.9% into Class IIIa, and 2.9% into Class IV. The Clavien-Dindo classification and the patient's injury (type and time of detection) were compared to investigation and management options.
Conclusion: Management options should be defined individually according to the mode of presentation, the timing of detection of injury, and the type of injury. Early detection and management are associated with lower morbidity and mortality. Diagnostic Laparoscopy was associated with lower morbidity and better outcomes.
Mitochondrial DNA mosaicism in human normal somatic cells
Authors: Ju Young Seok , An Jisong , Nam Chang Hyun , Kim Ryul , Lee Yunah , Won Hyein , Park Seongyeol , Kwon Hyun Woo , Oh Ji Won , Park Jee Yoon , Kim Min Jung 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Genomic alterations accumulate in the somatic cells throughout an individual’s lifetime1-5. Recent sequencing studies have documented widespread mutations in the nuclear genome and the frequent clonal competition of normal cells carrying mutations6-11. However, the landscape of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) heteroplasmy in normal human tissues is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the whole genome sequences of 2,096 clones established from single cells obtained from 31 donors. We identified 6,451 mtDNA variants with >0.3% heteroplasmy in the clones. Approximately 6% of these variants originated from fertilized eggs, suggesting pervasive mtDNA heteroplasmy in the first cell of our life, despite the purification bottleneck in the maternal germline12,13. Using the landscape of variants in the fertilized egg, sporadic mutations (88%) and hotspot variants (6%), we determined two fundamental components that shape mtDNA heteroplasmy in somatic cells: the absolute mutation rate in mtDNA (1.01x10-7 per bp) and the frequency of mtDNA turnovers (22-43 turnovers per year varying across cell types). We found that a dominant mutational signature exhibiting extreme replication strand bias was mainly responsible for sporadic mutations, and the expansion of truncating mutations was substantially repressed in the somatic lineages. Cross-comparison between DNA and RNA sequences further confirmed that mtDNA localized in the stems of tRNA and rRNA had an impact on the regulation of mtDNA transcripts. Despite extensive inter-clonal and inter-individual heterogeneity in the mtDNA copy number per cell, the cellular transcriptional profiles were surprisingly uniform. Taken together, our findings provide comprehensive insights into the origin and dynamics of heteroplasmy levels, and the functional consequences of mtDNA variants in human somatic cells.
An Open-Source Platform to Guide Implementation of the Postnatal Growth Charts for Preterm Infants
Authors: Chou Fu-Sheng 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Determining adequate growth in preterm infants poses challenges due to limited assessment tools. The American Academy of Pediatrics' goal to achieve postnatal growth approximating intrauterine growth lacks clear physiological and clinical support. Recently, Chou et al. aimed to characterize postnatal growth of preterm infants, and revealed distinct postnatal growth trajectories, challenging prior goals of assimilating intrauterine growth. Specifically, the study analyzed 89,218 preterm infants born between 2010 and 2020, grouped by sex and gestational age, and identified three phases of postnatal growth. This project aims to develop digital applications and interface to provide target audience with convenient access to the postnatal growth models for clinical, research, quality improvement use.
Implementation
Given the number of models developed to cover a wide range of gestational age groups, the Postnatal Growth Charts for Preterm Infants can only be used in a digital format. The open-source framework targeted neonatal care providers, researchers, and families, allowing growth chart access for clinical, research, and quality improvement purposes. The implementation of trajectory percentile calculation as well as various downstream applications will aide neonatal providers in growth prediction, growth goal-setting, post-illness nutrition guidance, and facilitating growth chart transitions when the infants reach term-equivalent age.
Conclusions
The web-based applications and application programming interface functions may serve clinical, research, and programming needs, and encourage an institutional electron health records integration. By offering realistic references, facilitating peer-to-peer comparisons, and acknowledging measurement errors, this tool empowers neonatal care providers to monitor preterm infant growth more confidently. Using the Postnatal Growth Charts of Preterm Infants may support personalized nutrition regimens and minimize long-term health risks. The open-source nature encourages widespread utilization and may further innovations in neonatal care and research.
On the hierarchical relationship between type II radio bursts and the associated coronal mass ejections
Authors: Teklu T. , Gopalswamy N. , Mäkelä P. , Yashiro S. , Akiyama S. , Xie H. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Using type II radio bursts from Wind/WAVES and the associated coronal mass ejections (CMEs) from SOHO/LASCO, Gopalswamy et al. (2005) found a hierarchical relationship between the wavelength range of the type II bursts and CME kinetic energy. Under ‘DH (Decametric-Hectometric) Type II bursts’, they have included m (metric)-DH, pure DH and DH-km bursts. In this work, we consider the pure DH, m-DH and DH-km (kilometric) subsets separately. We find that CMEs associated with DH-km type II bursts have the largest values of average speed, non-halo width, mass, and halo fraction. CMEs associated with m-DH type II bursts have a slightly larger average speed and mass than those causing pure DH type II bursts. CMEs associated with m-DH and pure DH type II bursts have slightly a lower speed and halo fraction compared to those associated with the combined set of DH type II bursts in Gopalswamy et al. (2005), while CMEs causing the DH-km type II bursts have even larger values of CME parameters. DH-km type II burst associated CMEs have the largest solar energetic particles (SEPs) association compared to m-DH and pure DH type II burst associated CMEs. The DH-km type II burst associated CMEs SEP association is slightly smaller than that of Gopalswamy et al. (2005) m-km type II burst associated CMEs. The CMEs associated with major SEP have a larger average speed than the pure DH and m-DH CMEs but smaller than the DH-km CMEs.
Investigating the effects of trochoidal milling parameters on the waviness and surface roughness of P20 alloy steel slots: Analytical and Experimental
Authors: Wagih Mohamed , Maher Ibrahem , Hassan Mohsen Abdelnaeim 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper aims to study, analytically and experimentally, the effects of trochoidal milling parameters on the waviness and the surface roughness of P20 alloy steel slots. The considered process parameters in this paper are the axial depth of cut, trochoidal step, and feed rate, in addition to the slot width. A geometrical analytical model of the tool cutting edges imprints has been developed to explain the of waviness and surface roughness at the slot walls and bottom. Results of this model proved that increasing the slot width significantly reduces the slot walls waviness, while increasing the feed rate or the trochoidal step increases the waviness of the slot left and right walls respectively. The experimental results proved that the axial depth of cut has not a significant effect on the slot walls waviness, and the tool edges imprints have the greatest effect on the bottom surface roughness. The surface roughness of the slot bottom decreases from left to right. Moreover, increasing the feed rate significantly increased the bottom surface roughness by 25%, 29%, and 29% at the left wall, middle, and right wall of the machined slot, respectively. However, increasing the axial depth of cut, significantly increased the bottom surface roughness only at the left wall and the middle of the machined slot by 11% and 19%, respectively. Experimental and analytical results of waviness and surface roughness were in good agreements which verifies the potential of using the developed model to predict the slot surface texture during circular trochoidal milling.
The potential of cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. as the primary producer in the life-support system on Mars
Authors: Ye Tong , Gu Peifan , Zhang Xianyuan , Wang Gaohong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Cyanobacteria capable of photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation are considered to be the most promising primary producers of biological life-support systems for Mars exploration, but there is limited information about their survival and growth in space flight or Mars-like environments.
Results
During the HH-21-5 Balloon-Borne Astrobiology Platform flight mission of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nostoc sp. cells were exposed to the Mars-like environment in the stratosphere (35 km altitude) for 2 h in the Temperature-Controlled Biological Samples Exposure Payload. The results showed that the survival rate was high, although analyses did reveal some damage to the cellular metabolic activity and morphology of the experimental samples. Transcriptome analyses revealed that Nostoc sp. activated a set of defense mechanisms under Mars-like radiation levels, which included DNA repair, protein repair of the photosynthetic system, and antioxidant enzymes.
Conclusions
Results suggest that Nostoc sp. has the potential to survive and grow in Mars-like conditions and that it may be a suitable primary producer in future attempts to colonize Mars using cyanobacteria-based biological life-support systems with groundwater available.
Solvable intransitive permutation groups with constant movement
Authors: Rezaei Mehdi , Alaeiyan Mehdi , Foruzanfar Zeinab 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Let \(G\) be a permutation group on a set \({\Omega }\) without any fixed points in \({\Omega }\). If for \(g\in G\) and for each subset \({\Gamma }\) of \({\Omega }\) the size \(|{{\Gamma }}^{g}-{\Gamma }|\) is bounded, then we define the movement of \(g\) as move\(\left(g\right):={\text{s}\text{u}\text{p}}_{{\Gamma }}|{{\Gamma }}^{g}-{\Gamma }|\). If for every non-identity elements \(g\) and \(h\) of \(G\), move\(\left(g\right)\)=move\(\left(h\right)\), then we say that \(G\) has constant movement. In this paper, we classify all solvable intransitive permutation groups with constant movement.
Free shrimp cocktail for everyone! Trophic relationships of 13 elasmobranchs in Central Patagonia, Southwestern Atlantic
Authors: Pasti Alessandra Tatiana , Bovcon Nelson Darío , Rincón-Díaz Martha Patricia , Galván David Edgardo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

We assessed the trophic roles of 13 medium-sized elasmobranchs in central Patagonia (41°-47°S) by identifying their interspecific relationships and trophic overlap using stomach contents and δ15N and δ13C values. We also conducted a literature review of the available diet information for Argentina. Specimens were collected from the bycatch of the Patagonian red shrimp Pleoticus muelleri trawling fishery and from the sport coastal fishing in areas without trawling. Results showed spatial differences in the diet composition of species between capture sites and from those previous diets reported for Argentina. Trophic levels assessment showed a group of top predators (TP ~ 4) and mesopredators (TP ~ 3.5). Beyond these differences, there was a dietary overlap among almost all elasmobranch species mainly related to the consumption of P. muelleri, an item which had not been reported as a significant prey for several of the studied species. This consumption may be due to the change in prey supply produced by local fisheries' discards and/or to the increased abundance of crustaceans in Central Patagonia during the last decade. These findings underscore the importance of continually updating trophic information in a scenario of global change to contribute with scientific evidence to the development of adaptative management.