bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of shelf arthroplasty as a treatment for hip dysplasia in dogs
Authors: Oakes Matt G. , Lewis Daniel D. , Elkins A. Derrell , Hosgood Giselle , Dial Sharon M. , Oliver Julian 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To evaluate effects of shelf arthroplasty on coxofemoral joint laxity and progression of degenerative joint disease in young dogs with hip dysplasia.

Design
Prospective, controlled study.

Animals
10 dogs between 10 and 24 months old and weighing between 20 and 27 kg. All dogs had bilateral coxofemoral joint laxity (ie, an Ortolani's sign).

Procedure
In all dogs, shelf arthroplasty was performed on the right coxofemoral joints, and a sham procedure was performed on the left. Dogs were evaluated before and after surgery by means of lameness assessment, coxofemoral joint palpation and goniometry, thigh circumference measurement, and radiography.

Results
There were no significant changes in coxofemoral joint mobility, range of motion, joint laxity, degree of degenerative joint disease, or thigh circumference during the study. A greater amount of periacetabular bone formed on the right side than on the left side; however, dogs did not develop large bony shelves, and the amount of periarticular bone decreased over time. The polymer implants remained in their original position and were encapsulated by fibrous tissue. There was no histologic evidence of osteoconduction by the implants.

Clinical Implications
The polymer implants used in this procedure do not appear to be osteoinductive. Shelf arthroplasty was associated with minimal morbidity and was not associated with serious adverse sequelae in this study, but the procedure did not alter the progression of hip dysplasia in these dogs. We cannot advocate shelf arthroplasty using this polymer as a treatment for dogs with hip dysplasia. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;208: 1838-1845)
Factors associated with perioperative mortality in dogs with surgically managed gastric dilatation-volvulus: 137 cases (1988-1993)
Authors: Brourman Jeff D. , Schertel Eric R. , Allen David A. , Birchard Stephen J. , DeHoff William D. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To evaluate factors associated with perioperative mortality in dogs with gastric dilatation-volvulus and to determine the influence of treatment differences between university and private specialty practices on outcome.

Design
Retrospective analysis of medical records.

Animals
137 dogs with gastric dilatation-volvulus.

Procedure
Signalment; frequency of preoperative and postoperative treatments and complications; intraoperative findings; surgical technique; and hematologic, serum biochemical, and electrocardiographic results were recorded, evaluated for association with mortality, and compared between institutions.

Results
Mortality did not differ between institutions, and overall mortality was 18% (24/137). Surgical techniques differed between institutions, but were not associated with mortality. Gastric necrosis was associated with significantly higher mortality (46%; 13/28). When partial gastrectomy or splenectomy was performed, mortality (35 and 32% or 8/23 and 10/31, respectively) was significantly increased. Splenectomy was performed in 11 of 23 dogs requiring partial gastrectomy, and when both procedures were performed, mortality (55%; 6/11) was significantly increased. Preoperative cardiac arrhythmias were associated with significantly higher mortality (38%; 6/16). Mortality in dogs > 10 years old was not significantly greater than that in younger dogs.

Clinical Implications
Patient management differences between practices did not seem to influence survival in dogs with surgically managed gastric dilatation-volvulus. Signalment, including age, did not influence mortality. Gastric necrosis, gastric resection, splenectomy, and preoperative cardiac arrhythmias were associated with mortality > 30%. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;208:1855-1858)
Postoperative complications of elective surgeries in dogs and cats determined by examining electronic and paper medical records
Authors: Pollari Franklin L. , Bonnett Brenda N. , Bamsey Sheena C. , Meek Alan H. , Allen Dana G. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Postoperative complications (POC) that developed in dogs and cats that underwent elective ovariohysterectomy, castration, and declaw at a veterinary teaching hospital were determined by examining the computerized abstracts of the medical records and by examining a random sample of the paper medical records.
When the computerized abstracts were examined, POC were found to have occurred in 62 (6.1%) of 1,016 dogs. One dog died and 6 others developed major complications. Postoperative complications were found to have occurred in 38 (2.6%) of 1,459 cats. Two cats died and 1 was euthanatized. Four other cats developed major complications.
Complete paper medical records for 218 dogs and cats were examined. When the paper medical records were examined, the proportions of dogs and cats with POC were 19.4% and 12.2%, respectively. These proportions were 4 to 7 times higher than when the computerized abstracts were the data source.
Results of this study indicate that the frequency of clinically relevant POC of elective surgeries in dogs and cats is substantial. Examination of the computerized abstracts of medical records at this hospital allowed us to rapidly identify cases that could be included in the study but the frequency of POC would be significantly underestimated if paper records were not also assessed.
Effect of illness not associated with the thyroid gland on serum total and free thyroxine concentrations in cats
Authors: Mooney Carmel T. , Little Christopher J. L. , Macrae Arlene W. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine circulating concentrations and fate of total and free thyroxine (T4) in cats with various illnesses not associated with the thyroid glands (non-thyroidal illnesses).

Design
Prospective study.

Animals
98 cats with nonthyroidal illness and 50 clinically normal cats.

Procedure
Serum total T4 concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay, and serum free T4 concentrations were measured by direct equilibrium dialysis. Free T4 fraction was calculated from these 2 values.

Results
Serum total T4 concentrations were significantly (P < 0.001) lower in sick cats (mean ± SD, 17.18 ± 8.14 nmol/L), compared with healthy cats (mean ± SD, 26.00 ± 7.62 nmol/L). Serum total T4 concentrations were inversely correlated with mortality. Differences in serum free T4 concentrations in sick cats (mean ± SD, 27.70 ± 13.53 pmol/L), compared with healthy cats (mean ± SD, 24.79 ± 8.33 pmol/L), were not significant. A few sick cats had serum free T4 concentrations greater than the reference range. Calculated free T4 fraction was significantly (P < 0.001) greater in sick cats (mean ± SD, 0.24 ± 0.30%), compared with healthy cats (mean ± SD, 0.10 ± 0.06%).

Clinical Implications
Euthyroidism is maintained in sick cats, despite low serum total T4 concentrations. Measurement of serum total T4 concentrations is a valuable prognostic indicator. Serum free T4 concentrations should be used cautiously as a sole diagnostic criterion for confirmation of hyperthyroidism. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;208:2004-2008)
Effect of intravenous administration of fluids on packed cell volume, blood pressure, and total protein and blood glucose concentrations in healthy halothane-anesthetized dogs
Authors: Gaynor James Scott , Wertz Etta Mae , Kesel Lynne Martha , Baker Geri Elizabeth , Cecchini Chris , Rice Kathy , Mallinckrodt Craig M. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine the effects of IV administration of fluids on PCV, serum total protein and blood glucose concentrations, and systolic arterial pressure in healthy anesthetized dogs undergoing elective surgical procedures.

Design
Prospective, randomized controlled trial.

Animals
70 clinically normal dogs.

Procedure
Dogs received IV administration of 0, 5, 10, or 15 ml/kg of body weight/h of a polyionic crystalloid solution or 5% dextrose in water. Blood samples were collected before and after administration of medication, prior to anesthetic induction, after anesthetic induction, at the end of the surgical procedure, and 2 hours after surgery to determine PCV and serum total protein and blood glucose concentrations. Blood pressure was measured before and after anesthetic induction and at the end of the surgery.

Results
There were not any significant differences in PCV, total protein concentration, or systolic arterial pressure among treatment groups. Hyperglycemia developed in dogs receiving 5% dextrose in water, but resolved 2 hours after discontinuing administration of fluids.

Clinical Implications
Intravenous administration of fluids may not be necessary to maintain normal blood pressure in young, healthy dogs undergoing elective surgery. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;208:2013-2015)
Comparison of milk with serum ELISA for the detection of paratuberculosis in dairy cows
Authors: Hardin Laura Ellen , Thorne James Garrett 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To compare milk with serum ELISA for detection of antibodies to Mycobacterium paratuberculosis.

Design
Epidemiologic survey.

Animals
821 Missouri dairy cattle of 12 herds that were brucellosis certified and Dairy Herd Improvement Association members.

Procedure
Milk and serum samples obtained concurrently from Missouri dairy herds were tested by use of a standard ELISA procedure. Concurrent collection of milk and serum samples controlled for interactions such as colostral antibodies and the effect of time. On the basis of milk and serum ELISA values, disease prevalence and correlation between milk and serum test results were determined.

Results
Correlation measures on Individual animals indicated low correlation of milk and serum ELISA values. McNemarÆs χ2 of 7.6 was significant (P = 0.05). Analysis correlation was low (κ = 0.08), as was regression analysis (R2 = 0.02).

Clinical Implications
Milk ELISA for the detection of exposure to M paratuberculosis lacked correlation with serum ELISA. Further evaluation to determine sensitivity and specificity of milk ELISA will augment the usefulness of milk ELISA as a herd screening test. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;209:120–122)
Evaluation of gentamicīn-induced nephrotox¡cosis in toadfish
Authors: Reimschuessel R. , Chamie S. J. , Kinnel M. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To evaluate the nephrotoxic effects of various dosages and regimens of gentamicin in kidneys of toadfish (Opsanus tau).

Design
Prospective, randomized, controlled trial.

Animals
45 clinically normal toadfish.

Procedure
Gentamicin was administered at dosages of 2.5, 5, 15, and 50 mg/kg of body weight, IP, and 3.5 mg/kg, IM. Fish were euthanatized at various periods (2, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days) after gentamicin administration. Four hours prior to euthanasia, each fish received 100 mg of bromodeoxyuridine/kg, IP. Histologic evaluation for signs of toxicosis was performed on samples of renal tissue.

Results
Extensive necrosis was evident in the proximal tubules in each fish injected with gentamicin at every time period, regardless of route of administration. By 28 days after injection of gentamicin, sections of kidney that were examined were essentially devoid of proximal tubules. Bromodeoxyuridine staining was detected in collecting duct epithelial cells, but repair along nephrons was not observed.

Clinical Implications
Toadfish kidneys are extremely susceptible to gentamicin-índuced nephrotoxicosis. Fish in this study did not have overt clinical signs of nephrotoxicosis, but sustained massive tubular necrosis when given the exact therapeutic dose that has been used for channel catfish. There are substantial risks of inducing iatrogenic renal injury in fish species for which therapeutic dosages of gentamicin have not been determined. (J Am Vet Med Assoc I996;209: 137–139)
Epidural administration of bupivacaine, morphine, or their combination for postoperative analgesia in dogs
Authors: Hendrix Paula K. , Raffe Marc R. , Robinson Elaine P. , Felice Lawrence J. , Randall Debbie A. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To compare the analgesic effects of epidural administration of morphine (MOR), bupivacaine hydrochloride (BUP), their combination (COM), and 0.9% sterile NaCl solution (SAL) in dogs undergoing hind limb orthopedic surgeries.

Design
Blinded, randomized clinical trial.

Animals
41 healthy dogs admitted for elective orthopedic surgeries involving the pelvis or hind limbs.

Procedure
Analgesic and control agents were administered postoperatively prior to recovery from isoflurane anesthesia. Ten dogs received MOR, 0.1 mg/ kg of body weight; 10 received BUP, 0.5%, 1 ml/10- cm distance from the occipital protuberance to the lumbosacral space; 11 received COM; and 10 received SAL epidurally. Dogs were monitored for 24 hours after epidural injection for pain score, heart and respiratory rates, blood pressure, time to required administration of supplemental analgesic agent, total number of supplemental doses of analgesic agent required, and plasma concentrations of cortisol, MOR, and BUP.

Results
Pain scores were significantly lower in dogs in the COM and BUP groups than in dogs in the SAL group. Pain scores also were significantly lower in dogs in the COM group than in dogs in the MOR group. Time to required administration of supplemental analgesic agent was longer for dogs in the COM group than for dogs in the MOR and SAL groups. Total number of supplemental doses of analgesic agent required was lower for dogs in the BUP and COM groups than for dogs in the SAL group.

Clinical Implications
Postoperative epidural administration of COM or BUP alone provides longerlasting analgesia, compared with MOR or SAL. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;209:698-607)
Alterations in blood lymphocyte subpopulations and hematologic values in neonatal calves after administration of a combination of multiple-antigen vaccines
Authors: Allen Larry J. , Kabbur Mahendra B. , Cullor James S. , Gardner Ian A. , Stott Jeffrey L. , George Lisle W. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To evaluate alterations in lymphocyte subpopulations, CBC results, and clinical signs in neonatal calves inoculated with 3 commercially available proprietary multiple-antigen vaccines containing known quantities of endotoxin.

Design
Prospective, randomized controlled field trial.

Animals
36 healthy Holstein heifer calves between 3 and 31 days old.

Procedure
Vaccines were administered to 18 calves according to label instructions, except for the recommended age of administration. The 18 other calves served as unvaccinated controls. Two weeks after entry into the study, calves were given secondary doses of the same vaccines. Calves in both groups were examined and blood samples were collected for determination of lymphocyte subpopulations and hematological parameters once daily for 5 days beginning on the day that both the primary and the secondary vaccinations were given. Lymphocyte subpopulations, including BoCD2*, BoCD4+, BoCD8+, B cells, and γ/δ T cells, were determined by use of flow cytometry, using monoclonal antibodies as markers.

Results
Vaccinated calves did not develop clinical signs of illness. There were no significant differences in absolute numbers of lymphocyte subpopulations between vaccinated and unvaccinated calves. Vaccinated calves had significantly higher rectal temperatures, total WBC counts, and absolute neutrophil counts than did control calves. These differences persisted for 3 to 4 days after vaccination.

Clinical Implications
Findings confirm empirical observations that vaccination with multiple products at the same time may induce evidence of an inflammatory response in most calves. Additional research is indicated to further evaluate the safety of using multiple vaccines simultaneously. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;209:638-642)
Usefulness and limitations of three serologic methods for diagnosing or excluding chlamydiosis in birds
Authors: Grimes James E. , Arizmendi Francisco 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Diagnostic serology by use of elementary body agglutination is the most useful serologic method for diagnosis of chlamydiosis in birds, because it detects only lgM activity. A titer of 10 in budgerigars, cockatiels, and lovebirds and of ≥ 20 in other types of birds is interpreted as being indicative of current infection.
Latex agglutination, which detects lgM and lgG activity, may be useful in detecting large changes in titer. Direct complement fixation, detecting only lgG activity, is usable to detect past infection whenever elementary body agglutination and latex agglutination titers are < 10.
Limitations of serologic results necessitating additional confirmatory testing are lack of titers in the acute phase of disease and diagnostic titers in clinically normal birds with low-grade chronic infections and in birds with prolonged maintenance of titers. Additional suggested examinations are chlamydial culture by use of choanal/oropharyngeal swab samples, WBC count, determination of hepatic-associated enzyme activity, chlamydial ELISA by use of the aforementioned swab samples, and additional serologic testing. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;209:747–750)
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in horses: 538 cases (1982-1993)
Authors: Aleman Monica , Spier Sharon J. , Wilson W. David , Doherr Marcus 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To describe clinical manifestations of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in horses and to evaluate diagnostic methods for identification of this disease.

Design
Retrospective case series.

Animals
538 horses with a diagnosis of C pseudotuberculosis infection.

Results
Median age of horses with external abscesses was similar to that in horses with internal abscesses. Breed and sex did not appear to be associated with infection. Cases were detected during all 12 months; however, the disease was most common in the fall and early winter, with the highest incidence in September, October, and November in every year. Most horses (492/538, 91.4%) had a single episode of infection, without recurrence in subsequent years. Of 538 horses, 308 had pectoral abscesses, although infection was documented in many other anatomic locations. Forty-two horses had internal abscesses involving the abdomen or thoracic cavity. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection was readily identified by bacterial culture of aspirate samples from abscesses. The synergistic hemolysis inhibition test was useful for diagnosis of internal abscesses; however, it was unreliable for the diagnosis of external abscesses. Horses with external abscesses responded well to conventional treatment, in contrast to those with internal abscesses. The overall case fatality was low (3.9%), and was considerably lower for horses with external abscesses (0.8%) than for horses with internal abscesses (40.5%).

Clinical Implications
Serology (synergistic hemolysis inhibition titers ≥ 512) is useful for diagnosis of internal abscesses, but not reliable for diagnosis in horses with exernal abscesses. Prognosis for horses with internal abscesses is considerably poorer than for those with external abscesses. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;209:804–809)
Severe, recessive von Willebrand’s disease in German Wirehaired Pointers
Authors: Brooks Marjory , Raymond Sharon , Catalfamo James 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To characterize the biochemical and genetic basis of a clinically severe form of von Willebrand’s disease (VWD) in German Wirehaired Pointers.

Design
Case series.

Sample Population
Plasma samples from 335 German Wirehaired Pointers (8 clinically affected).

Procedure
Plasma samples were evaluated, using an ELISA, to determine von Willebrand factor (WVF) antigen concentration. Additional studies performed on samples from clinically affected dogs included coagulation screening tests, factor VIlI coagulant activity assays, and immunoelectrophoresis to determine VWF multimeric composition.

Results
Mucosal bleeding and bleeding at sites of cutaneous injury were observed in affected dogs by 6 months old. Plasma vWF antigen concentration was markedly reduced, and there was a lack of high molecular weight vWF multimers; findings compatible with type-ll vWD. Inheritance and expression pattern of vWD in this breed was most compatible with that of an autosomal recessive trait.

Clinical Implications
Von Willebrand's disease should be included in the differential diagnoses of bleeding diatheses in German Wirehaired Pointers, with definitive diagnosis confirmed on the basis of canine-specific vWF assays. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996; 209:926-929)
Plasma von Willebrand factor antigen concentration as a predictor of von Willebrand’s disease status in German Wirehaired Pointers
Authors: Brooks Marjory , Raymond Sharon , Catalfamo James 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To evaluate the use of plasma von Willebrand's factor (vWF) concentration as a screening test for inherited von Willebrand's disease (vWD) in German Wirehaired Pointers (GWHP).

Design
Prospective study.

Sample Population
Plasma samples from 467 GWHP.

Procedure
Plasma vWF concentrations were measured as vWF antigen (vWF:Ag), using ELISA, and test values were used to estimate prevalence of vWD in GWHP and predict parental vWD status. Test results of progeny from matings of carrier and noncarrier parents were then compared with the predicted outcome of such matings.

Results
376 (81%) GWHP were classified as VWD noncarriers, 58 (12%) as carriers, and 5 (1%) as affected with VWD. An additional 28 (6%) GWHP could not be classified on the basis of plasma VWF:Ag concentration. The observed outcome of tests of 213 pups was not significantly different from that predicted on the basis of parental VWWF:Ag concentration. The predictive value of a positive test result (vWF: Ag% < 50) for identifying VWD carriers was 0.89.

Clinical Implications
Plasma vWF:Ag concentration was an effective predictor of genetic status for the vWD trait, and for the outcome of matings between carriers and noncarriers of vWD in this study of GWHP. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;209:930-933)
Evaluation of sedation in quail induced by use of midazolam and reversed by use of flumazenil
Authors: Day Thomas K. , Roge Cheryl K. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To evaluate the sedative properties of 3 dosages of the benzodiazepine tranquilizer midazolam as a means of chemical restraint in quail (Colinus virginianus) and to evaluate the ability of the benzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil to reverse the sedative effects of midazolam

Design
Prospective randomized controlled trial

Animals
Study 1, 30 birds; study 2, 10 birds.

Procedure
2 studies were performed. In the first study, 30 birds were randomly assigned to receive midazolam at a dosage of 2, 4, or 6 mg/kg of body weight (10 birds/dosage). Degree of sedation was evaluated by use of a numerical scale, and the peak time of adequate chemical restraint was determined. The dosage in study 1 that produced the highest degree of sedation was administered to 10 birds in study 2. Flumazenil was administered at a dosage of 0.1 mg/ kg at the peak time of sedation that had been determined in study 1.

Results
Administration of 6 mg of midazolam/kg induced the highest degree of chemical restraint without causing alterations in cardiopulmonary function. Peak time of sedation was 10 minutes after administration; however, administration of 4 mg of midazolam/ kg also induced a high degree of sedation, but for a shorter period. Administration of flumazenil caused complete recovery from sedation induced with midazolam.

Clinical Implications
Administration of midazolam to wild birds induced adequate sedation. Results of the study reported here may be extrapolated to other species of wild birds, including raptors and, possibly, pet birds. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;209:969-971)