bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tacit Choice of Law in the Metaverse: What Law Applies?
Authors: Meliala Aurora Jillena , Putra Akbar Kurnia 
Published: February 2024

This research discusses the reality of the metaverse with emphasis placed on the need for a rule of law for certain activities within it that is related to Private International Law. This research observes what the metaverse is, its prevalent structure and the recent dialectics on the place of international law as a comprehensive and much needed legal regime within its system. This article utilises a normative legal research methodology and uses qualitative data such as legal theories and related research to arrives at a certain conclusion on the place of Private International Law in the Metaverse. The first part of this research elaborates on the relationship between the Metaverse and Law and the importance of a clear rule of law in the Metaverse. The second part provides an overview of Private International Law in regards to the notions that exist within it to determine a prescriptive jurisdiction. The third section discusses tacit choice of law as an alternative answer to the current uncertainty in the commercial world of the Metaverse. While the last part talks about the incorporation of metaverse regulations in the domestic and regional scenes. The article finds that the need for a clear legal framework not only in regards to choice of law but also for all aspects of the Metaverse is direly needed. While tacit choice can provide legal certainty in the world of commercial contracts, a comprehensive cybersecurity regime is needed for a Metaverse that is truly based in rule of law.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Snowball Throwing Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas XI pada Mata Pelajaran Sejarah Indonesia di SMA Pertiwi 1 Padang
Authors: Ramadhani Indah , Hastuti Hera 
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya hasil belajar siswa kelas XI SMA Pertiwi 1 Padang pada mata pelajaran sejarah Indonesia. Berdasarkan hasil observasi awal, melalui wawancara kepada siswa dan juga guru mata pelajaran, diketahui penyebab rendahnya hasil belajar siswa karena kurang menariknya model pembelajaran. Pembelajaran sejarah memiliki peran yang sangat penting karena menyangkut pertumbuhan dan perkembangan karakteristik bangsa serta pembinaan integrasi yang menyangkut nasionalisme dan patriotisme.Dengan demikian guru-guru perlu menggunakan model pembelajaran yang lebih baik agar dapat melaksanakan pembelajaran secara efektif dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar.Tujuan penelitian yaknimengetahui apakah ada pengaruh model pembelajaran snowball throwing terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas XI pada mata pelajaran sejarah Indonesia di SMA Pertiwi 1 Padang. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian eksperimen. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan Teknik purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel 58 siswa yang terbagi dalam kelas eksperimen yaitu kelas XI MIPA 2 sebanyak 30 siswa dan kelas kontrol yaitu kelas XI MIPA 4 sebanyak 28 siswa. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah tes hasil belajar berupa Pretest dan Posttest. Teknik analisis data memakai uji normalitas, uji homogenitas, uji hipotesis, dan uji N-Gain. Hasil penelitian ini, diperoleh nilai rata-rata posttest kelas eksperimen sebesar 86,5. Pada kelas eksperimen diperoleh peningkatan pngetahuan N-Gain sebesar 0,7194 berada pada kategori tinggi. Dari hasil analisis diperoleh nilai rata-rata posttest kelas kontrol sebesar 74,4. Pada kelas kontrol diperoleh peningkatan pengetahuan N-Gain sebesar 0,5521 berada pada kategori sedang. Dan dari uji hipotesis (uji t) yang dilakukan , diperoleh hasil thitung sebesar 4,3872 dan ttabel sebesar 1,6725, sehingga nilai thitung lebih besar dan ttabel, maka H0 diterima artinya terdapat Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Snowball Throwing terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas XI pada Mata Pelajaran Sejarah Indonesia di SMA Pertiwi 1 Padang.
Beyond the call of duty: Reimagining military service through hero narratives in the US Army’s ‘The Calling’ campaign
Authors: Hyunyoung Moon 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study employs Erwin Panofsky’s iconographic analysis to decode the 2021 US Army recruiting campaign ‘The Calling’, situating it against the historical backdrop of military recruitment since the all-volunteer force’s inception. Panofsky’s framework allows for a dissection of the campaign’s layered narrative and its animated aesthetics, which notably diverge from prior campaign’s emphasis on the warrior archetype. The analysis progresses from a description of visual and narrative element’s (pre-iconography), to an investigation of symbolic meanings (iconography), culminating in an interpretation of underlying societal attitudes (iconology). ‘The Calling’ reimagines military enlistment as a heroic pursuit, echoing the superhero genre’s origin stories, and emerges as a response to waning interest in military careers. The campaign targets the zeitgeist of the young American population, offering a sense of heroism as compensation in a challenging recruitment climate marked by a robust economy and low unemployment. By presenting service as a ‘calling’, the Army navigates the complex terrain of contemporary cultural values, seeking to resonate with potential recruits on an ideological level, particularly within race and gender minority communities.
Attractiveness of the Workplace Environment of Educational Institutions in the Context of Sustainable Development
Authors: Kravale-Pauliņa Mārīte , Olga Ļivitina , Oļehnoviča Eridiana , Fjodorova Ilona 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Overcoming the challenges of Covid-19, every person at an educational institution has faced changes in the workplace environment from working time, scope and content to the transformation of psychological, emotional and physical relationships. The attractiveness factors of workplace environment are essential in thinking of, developing and accepting sustainable attitude, sustainable education and sustainable development in everyday life. The aim of the article is to present the results of the research on the attractiveness factors of workplace environment and organizational culture of educational institutions from the point of view of teachers and heads of educational institutions, evaluating them in the context of sustainable development of education, based on theoretical analysis of literature sources and empirical research. Quantitative research method – survey – was used in the study. 97 participants (teachers (n=84) and heads of educational institutions (n=13)) from different educational institutions of one of the biggest cities in Latvia, Daugavpils, took part in the study. The data were processed in accordance with research ethics and personal data protection, visualized on the basis of numerical data units.
The gained data indicate that the most important factors for the attractiveness of the workplace environment for both teachers and heads of educational institutions are relationships, work fit and security. Respondent groups cite ‘responsibility’ and ‘location’ as the least important factors in making the workplace environment attractive. Workplace attractiveness factors are a combination of workplace environment and organizational culture, and they are interrelated concepts. The results of the study show that both teachers and heads of educational institutions value an innovative culture in the organization that is characterized by the following statements: ‘willing to take risks, a result-oriented, creative, stimulating, challenging’ and they appreciate a supportive culture in the organization that is characterized by the statements ‘willing to cooperate, encouraging and sociable, recognizing personal freedom’. There are statistically significant differences in opinions on the attractiveness of the workplace environment (such as ‘contribution’, ‘recognition’, ‘innovation’ and ‘responsibility’) among teachers and heads of educational institutions.
Cultivation of Saprobic Basidiomycetes (Bjerkandera adusta, Phlebiopsis gigantea and Sistotrema brinkmannii) Using Different Biological Waste Substrates
Authors: Burņeviča Natālija , Kļaviņa Dārta , Ciseļonoka Laima , Runģis Dainis E. , Gaitnieks Tālis 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Development of new biological preparations to control Heterobasidion root rot is a complex process, but when a potential antagonist is identified, cultivation of the fungus is required. In this study, five different substrates (deciduous sawdust, coniferous sawdust, rye bran, straw and corn kernels) were tested as substrates for the cultivation of three fungal species: Bjerkandera adusta, Phlebiopsis gigantea, and Sistotrema brinkmannii, which could be potentially used against Heterobasidion spp. Mycelial growth was evaluated visually, and oidia production was estimated microscopically. In the straw substrate, P. gigantea produced significantly more (p < 0.05) oidia compared to the other substrates. In addition, oidia production at two different incubation temperatures were compared. As a result, the best substrate for cultivation of all three fungal species was coniferous sawdust.
Über neue und alte (Fehl)Anreize in der Reform der Vergütung von Krankenhausleistungen
Authors: Richter Wolfram F. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
By international standards, Germany maintains oversized bed capacities that are spread across too many hospitals that are often also too small. It is the job of the federal states to adjust the current structure. However, they shy away from the political resistance of those directly affected, believing it is easier to let things run their course. In order to cover the costs of maintenance, hospitals often provide more treatment than is medically necessary. Federal Minister Lauterbach seeks to remedy this shortcoming, which has its true roots in inadequate planning incentives, by reforming the remuneration of hospital services. The articles shows that the goals of the reform cannot be achieved in the proposed way.
Green Growth oder Postwachstum – einige Anmerkungen zum Beitrag von Fabian Lindner
Authors: Heise Arne 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In his latest article in this journal “No growth is no solution either – a critique of degrowth and post-growth approaches”, Fabian Lindner takes up an important debate: Can the goals of the Paris climate conference – limiting global warming to no more than +1.5 °C compared to the pre-industrial age – be reconciled with continued economic growth or does it require a shift away from economic growth, as suggested by the post-growth approach? Some further considerations are presented here for discussion.
Evaluation of The Risk of Falls in A Group of Older Adults: A Study in A Community in Paraíba
Authors: Barreira David Alex Magalhães , De Sousa Milena Nunes Alves 
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Falls become more common with each year of aging of the elderly population, often causing irreparable consequences and becoming a public health problem. Objective: To evaluate the sociodemographic profile and prevalence of falls, as well as their perception of the fear of falling, in members of a group of elderly people at UBS Metódio de Araújo Leitão.

Material and methods: To assess the risk of falls, the Downton and FES-I scales were used, analyzing intrinsic and extrinsic factors that contribute to this risk. Material and methods: Interviews were carried out to understand the situations and social contexts of this population, as well as assessment with relevant clinical information, such as medical history, comorbidities, and use of medications. The data was statistically analyzed to identify fall risk patterns and associated factors.

Results: The average age established was 72.3 years (SD=5.47), and the variable “age group” was dichotomized around the median (72 years), with a predominance of females 13/15 (86.7 %), widowers 7/15 (50.0%), of which 10/15 (66.7%) are retired, who have an average income of up to one minimum wage 8/15 (53.03%), and live alone 6/15 (40.0%). After applying the Downton Scale to the sample, it was found that 8/15 (53.7%) of the participants had a low risk of falls, while 7/15 (46.7%) were categorized as having a high risk, mainly due to conditions such as hypertension (use of hypotensive drugs) and vision problems (use of glasses). The FES-I tool showed that the majority of participants 10/15 (66.7%) had a mild limitation in relation to the fear of falling during activities of daily living. This suggests that these individuals have moderate concerns or occasionally think about the possibility of falling, but still maintain a reasonable ability to carry out their activities without major interference from fear. Final considerations: The profile of elderly people who have suffered falls involves multiple factors, demonstrating the need for constant changes in the environment in which the elderly person lives, as well as broad and comprehensive prevention on the part of themselves and their family members.
Implementation of Partnerships Between Companies and Civil Society Organizations to Promote Financial Education in The Context of Intersectoral Esg Strategies
Authors: Lima Maria Luisa Barros , Cecchini Valeria Kabzas , Padula Roberto Sanches 
Published: February 2024

Research objective: To verify how the relationship between the Third Sector and the Second Sector collaborates with the ESG agenda, aiming to answer the question “how partnerships between non-profit organizations and private companies can contribute to enabling actions focused on social, environmental and of governance, which are becoming increasingly relevant given the serious socio-environmental challenges we face?”.

Theoretical framework: Fischer (2002) says that the bases for building intersectoral alliances are, in Brazil, fragile and small for reasons such as: the distrust of non-profit organizations in relation to private companies and their leaders, and the lack of sensitivity of the Second Sector with socio-environmental issues.

Methodology: Case study of a financial education action carried out by C6 Bank in partnership with Fundação Almerinda Malaquias, in the city of Novo Airão, Amazonas, in 2022, through interviews and analysis of posts.

Results: It is possible to understand the important role that digital banks have been playing in financial inclusion. Social impact actions tend to be incorporated into the company's culture. The survey confirmed that C6 Bank actually went to Amazonas with the aim of providing financial education content and not just promoting itself.
Originality: Contributes to the understanding of a topic that is still little explored.

Theoretical and practical contributions: Creating and maintaining diverse partnerships can be a strategy in Third Sector organizations that contribute to the fulfillment of their mission and their institutional strengthening, as this process opens up new perspectives of collaboration and action for innovative organizational forms of community participation. civil society.
KELAYAKAN LEMBAR PENUGASAN TERSTRUKTUR KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS PADA MATERI LAJU REAKSI UNTUK MELATIHKAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS
Authors: Yumansyah Calvin Andana , Suyono Suyono 
Published: February 2024

Penelitian LPT-KBKi bertujuan untuk menghasilkan Lembar Penugasan Terstruktur Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis yang memiliki kelayakan sebagai perangkat pembelajaran kimia pada materi laju reaksi dalam melatihkan keterampilan berpikir kritis. LPT-KBKi dikembangkan menggunakan metode Research and Develompment (R&D). 15 peserta didik SMAN 1 Tarik yang memperoleh materi laju reaksi sebagai sasaran uji efektivitas LPT-KBKi . Instrumen yang digunakan terdiri atas lembar telaah, lembar validasi, lembar angket respons peserta didik, dan lembar tes keterampilan berpikir kritis. Tahapan penelitian antara lain: (1) mengumpulkan penelitian pendahuluan; (2) merumuskan masalah dan potensi harapan; (3) merancang desain LPT-KBKi; (4) validasi LPT-KBKi; (5) revisi desain LPT-KBKi; (6) uji coba LPT-KBKi; (7) revisi LPT-KBKi. Hasil kevalidan LPT-KBKi untuk tiap soal dengan nilai Mo ≥ 4. Hasil respons peserta didik terhadap komponen indikator keterampilan berpikir kritis sebesar 100% (sangat praktis). Pengujian efektivitas berdasarkan hasil tes berbentuk desain one group pretest-posttest. Berdasarkan hasil uji-t satu pihak diperoleh hasil thitung > ttabel, yaitu 37,25 > 1,76. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan terhadap penggunaan LPT-KBKi. Simpulan berdasarkan hasil tersebut Lembar Penugasan Terstruktur Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis (LPT-KBKi) menjadi perangkat pembelajaran yang layak untuk melatihkan keterampilan berpikir kritis.
Qualitative-environmental aspects of products improvement in SMEs from V4 countries
Authors: Siwiec Dominika , Pacana Andrzej , Gavurová Beáta , Ključnikov Aleksandr , Nagy Szabolcs 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Sustainable development has caused companies to try to adapt their activities to changing customer expectations, but also to climate change. This poses a particular challenge for SMEs from developing countries. Therefore, the objective of the investigation was to analyse the qualitative-environmental aspects of the improvement of the products in SMEs from the countries of the Visegrad Group (V4). The results analysed constituted a research sample of 379 companies in the electrical machinery industry (machine processing industry), which were obtained in the period from March to September 2023 through a targeted survey. The area of analysis included, e.g.: (i) environmental issues of selected areas of activity, (ii) measures of environmental activity, and (iii) selected qualitative-environmental aspects. Analyses of the research results were carried out using quantitative and qualitative analyses, including comparative analyses, e.g. regarding the implementation status of ISO 14001, EMAS, and ISO 9001. These techniques were used: word cloud, ANOVA test and Mann Whitney U test at the significance level of α=0.05. It has been shown that SMEs in V4 countries focus their activities on improving products to improve their quality rather than limiting their negative environmental impact. Originality of the research is the identification of significant differences in the qualitative-environmental aspects undertaken when SMEs from V4 countries. Research results may contribute to the development activities more effective and coherent in the V4 countries, to achieve a stable and competitive advantage on the market as part of the qualitative and environmental improvement of the products. The research results and the conclusions drawn from them can be used by scientists and practitioners to shape the target states of enterprises in the period of increasing involvement in proecological ideas.
Trace anomaly Redefined in a Convention Leading to the Pontryagin Resolution
Authors: Maalouf Hani W. 
Published: February 2024

It is sought a fundamental reasoning for the then fore contradictory or randomly correct outcomes. As due the dilemma borne out from the multiple methods for the Pontryagin Chiral Fermions density anomalies resolutions and their either zero or imaginary results.

Such is based on extracting the unitarity from a unity-scale diffeomorphic transformation, which resulted in the being of a \(\gamma^{0}\) regularization.
Формула Планшереля для преобразования Радона в гибкой шкале гильбертовых пространств Соболева
Authors: Темиргалиев Н. , Таугынбаева Г.Е. , Жубанышева А.Ж. 
Published: February 2024

Математическая теория преобразования Радона с технической реализацией в томографах имеет неограниченный спектр применений, среди которых наиболее широкими являются медицинские.

В ареале исследований преобразования Радона ключевую роль играет соотношение: Для всякого }$\beta >0$ существуют такие положительные константы $c\left(\beta ,\, s\right)$ и $C\left(\beta ,\, s\right)$, что для $f\in C_{0}^{\infty } \left(\Omega _{s} \right)$

\[c\left(\beta, s\right){\left\|f\right\|}_{W^{\beta }_2\left(\Omega_s\right)}\le {\left\|Rf\right\|}_{W^{\beta +\frac{\left(s-1\right)}{2}}\left(Z=S^{s-1}\times R^1\right)}\le C\left(\beta, s\right){\left\|f\right\|}_{W^{\beta}_2\left(\Omega_s\right)}.\]

Данная статья посвящена распространению этой эквивалентности в формате равенства на далеко идущий случай переформатированных гильбертовых пространств Соболева.
Fenomena Freelance Content Writer di Industri Media Online (Studi Kasus Prinsip Jurnalistik dan Nilai Berita Community Writer di IDN Times)
Authors: Ritonga Noniya Dewinta Anggi , Mazdalifah  
Published: February 2024

ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini berjudul Fenomena Freelance Content Writer di Industri Media Online (Studi Kasus Prinsip Jurnalistik dan Nilai Berita Tulisan Community Writer di IDN Times). Metode penelitian bersifat kualitatif deskriptif. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pemenuhan prinsip jurnalistik dan nilai berita dalam tulisan community writer di IDN Times. Teori-teori yang digunakan adalah komunikasi massa, prinsip jurnalistik dan nilai berita. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah studi dokumentasi, observasi dan wawancara. Objek penelitian adalah tulisan community writer di IDN Times kategori News dan Hype dalam kurun waktu tanggal 26-31 Maret 2022. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tulisan community writer di IDN Times kategori News memenuhi dua prinsip jurnalistik, yaitu prinsip keenam memberikan ruang bagi publik untuk memberikan kritik dan ketujuh membuat hal penting menjadi menarik dan relevan, dengan tulisan kategori Hype hanya memenuhi prinsip jurnalistik keenam. Prinsip jurnalistik lainnya tidak ditemukan, karena penulis tidak melakukan liputan langsung melainkan melansirnya dari media lain dan tidak melakukan konfirmasi atau verifikasi sumber. Nilai berita dalam tulisan community writer kategori News ditemukan sebanyak tiga hingga tujuh nilai berita, dengan nilai berita yang selalu ditemukan adalah Timeless, Impact dan Proximity. Dua tulisan community writer kategori Hype memenuhi nilai berita Timeless, satu tulisan memenuhi nilai berita Impact dan tidak ditemukan satupun nilai berita dalam tulisan lainnya. Tidak ditemukannya nilai berita dalam tulisan Hype dipengaruhi oleh sajian berita yang kebanyakan hanya menampilkan foto tanpa narasi yang jelas, peristiwa tidak aktual dan tidak memberikan dampak bagi khalayak.
Kata Kunci: Freelance Content Writer, Prinsip Jurnalistik, Nilai Berita
Analisis Teori Connectivisme, Alternatif Pada Pembelajaran Daring dan Dampaknya Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Peserta Didik
Authors: Rahma Rahma Hayati Harahap , Cyndy Buulolo  , Nahwa Zainab Marpaung  
Published: February 2024

The theory of learning Connectivism is a learning theory characterized by “Strengthening learning, knowledge and understanding through the expansion of personal networks”. This research focuses on (1) Describing the characteristics of the theory of learning connetivism by Goerge Siemens (2) Describing how the theory of learning connectivism affects the learning motivation of students in online learning.
The theory of learning connectivism is an alternative to facing the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 where in learning, various individuals are connected who are looking for relevant information on the available platform and used as a source of information. Individuals involved in it are expected to be critical and active in any information collected on the internet.The theory of learning connectivism is to distribute knowledge facilitated by internet networks to stay connected to each other. The use of connectivism learning theory in online learning also requires teachers to change their learning system by utilizing various available facilities such as laptops, smartphones, and notebooks to help with learning activities. This is also one of the things that encourages students to take advantage of advances in information technology by accessing the internet to enrich knowledge, learning references, and motivate students to be more selective and critical. The method used in this study is a study of literature obtained through journal literacy, collecting various journals related to related topic titles.