bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial well-being and firearm storage practices: evidence from five US states
Authors: Datta Biplab Kumar , Jaremski Jennifer E , Johnson J Aaron 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveGun safety practices can play a pivotal role in preventing suicide and unintentional injuries involving a firearm. This study aimed to assess whether psychosocial well-being, measured by emotional support, feeling of social isolation and life satisfaction, influenced safe storage practices among individuals who had firearms in or around their home.MethodsData are from the firearm safety module of the 2022 Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance System survey of 11 722 individuals having firearms and living in California, Minnesota, Nevada, New Mexico and Ohio. Respondents were asked to identify how guns were stored in their homes including: (1) not loaded, (2) loaded but locked and (3) loaded and unlocked. Multinomial logistic regression models with controls for sociodemographic correlates assess the relative risks of certain storage measures.ResultsRelative to the base outcome of not loaded, the adjusted relative risks of having firearms loaded and unlocked among individuals who usually/always felt socially isolated were 1.72 (95% CI: 1.02 to 2.88) times that of individuals who never felt socially isolated. The adjusted risks among individuals who were dissatisfied with their life were 1.82 (95% CI: 1.02 to 3.24) times that of their counterparts who were very satisfied. The adjusted risks were not statistically significant among individuals who rarely/never received needed emotional support compared with individuals who always received support.ConclusionThe results suggest a strong relationship between social isolation and life satisfaction and safe storage practices at home. Policies designed to improve psychosocial well-being, therefore, may present an important opportunity for preventing unintentional firearm injuries.
Bringing people together through shared purpose and identity: lessons learnt from NHS Providers CEO Sir Julian Hartley
Authors: James Richard , Hartley Julian , Stroud Laura 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionThe healthcare sector is facing increased demand with reduced resources, yet despite these challenges, leaders such as NHS Providers CEO Sir Julian Hartley have created cultures where the workforce can realise shared values, through a focus on staff engagement. This article describes Julian’s journey, through the eyes of a doctor-in-training working in an organisation he has led, to understand what we can learn from his approach to leadership.NarrativeAs a manager, Julian saw how many different people it takes to make the NHS work, and decided the role of an NHS leader was to bring people together, through a strong sense of shared purpose and identity. As CEO of Trusts in Blackpool and Leeds, he put this focus on staff engagement into practice to great success. Julian then introduced lean methods that flourished in the culture he had created, and when external factors such as COVID-19 began to erode that culture, returned to refresh that underpinning shared purpose.ReflectionJulian has developed a toolkit of behaviours and approaches, refined through experience and reflection, to help him elucidate and bring to life both the values and goals of the workforce. Because he shares these values, he has been able to lead with authenticity, creating engaged workforces, empowered to drive continuous improvement. We can reflect on Julian’s approach as leaders ourselves: how can we align the values and visions of our staff, and ensure they are empowered to realise both?
Genetic algorithm for multilayer shield optimization with a custom parallel computing architecture
Authors: Cordella F. , Cappelli M. , Ciotti M. , Claps G. , De Leo V. , Mazzotta C. , Pacella D. , Tamburrino A. , Panza F. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper introduces a novel architecture for optimizing radiation shielding using a genetic algorithm with dynamic penalties and a custom parallel computing architecture. A practical example focuses on minimizing the Total Ionizing Dose for a silicon slab, considering only the layer number and the total thickness (additional constraints, e.g., cost and density, can be easily added). Genetic algorithm coupled with Geant4 simulations in a custom parallel computing architecture demonstrates convergence for the Total Ionizing Dose values. To address genetic algorithm issues (premature convergence, not perfectly fitted search parameters), a Total Ionizing Dose Database Vault object was introduced to enhance search speed (data persistence) and to preserve all solutions’ details independently. The Total Ionizing Dose Database Vault analysis highlights boron carbide as the best material for the first layer for neutron shielding and high-Z material (e.g., Tungsten) for the last layers to stop secondary gammas. A validation point between Geant4 and MCNP was conducted for specific simulation conditions. The advantages of the custom parallel computing architecture introduced here, are discussed in terms of resilience, scalability, autonomy, flexibility, and efficiency, with the benefit of saving computational time. The proposed genetic algorithm-based approach optimizes radiation shielding materials and configurations efficiently benefiting space exploration, medical devices, nuclear facilities, radioactive sources, and radiogenic devices.
Association Between MR‐Based Thrombus Imaging Characteristics and Endovascular Therapy Outcome in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Abbasi Mohammad Hossein , Dula Adrienne N. , Warach Steven J. , Saber Hamidreza 
Published: February 2024

Background
Prediction of successful revascularization and achieving a favorable functional outcome may help determine the optimal treatment strategy and improve the management of stroke. A growing body of literature has implicated a predictive value for thrombus imaging characteristics for stroke outcomes.

Methods
We conducted an electronic search using PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and EMBASE, previously published meta‐analyses, and systematic review studies that intervened by endovascular thrombectomy or intravenous thrombolysis following large vessel occlusion stroke from 2000 to 2023 and involved magnetic resonance‐based thrombus imaging, then screened 2007 studies against our eligibility criteria. We extracted the enrollees’ characteristics and the association between clot features and radiological and functional outcome measures.

Results

Thirty‐three studies were found eligible, with a total number of 6902 enrollees. Susceptibility vessel sign was found in 3531 subjects (51.2%). Nine studies involved only the administration of intravenous thrombolysis, whereas 24 studies intervened by endovascular thrombectomy. Seventeen studies found at least an association between thrombus imaging characteristics and successful revascularization, whereas the others reported no association. only 13 studies found at least one thrombus characteristic associated with functional outcome, while the others showed no association between the thrombus characteristics and functional outcome after stroke. Pooled meta‐analysis of studies that involved endovascular thrombectomy with or without intravenous thrombolysis showed a statistically significant association between the presence of susceptibility vessel sign and both successful reperfusion (odds ratio [OR]: 1.57 [1.09–2.27];
P
= 0.02) and favorable functional outcome (OR: 1.76 [1.17–2.66];
P
= 0.007).

Conclusion
The presence of susceptibility vessel sign on magnetic resonance‐based clot imaging was associated with functional outcome and successful reperfusion following thrombectomy.
Transportation Networks and the Geographic Concentration of Employment
Authors: Frye Dustin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper examines the effect of expanding transportation networks on spatial industrial growth across the United States from 1953 to 2016. I use a new methodological approach that applies network theory combined with a historic military map to address the two forms of endogeneity present in expanding transportation networks: route placement and construction timing. I find that Interstate counties experienced significant growth in employment and the number of establishments relative to non-Interstate counties. Growth rates are highest within two decades of receiving an Interstate. Results also reveal positive spillovers occurred in later decades among adjacent counties along the metropolitan periphery.
Immigration and the Top 1 Percent
Authors: Advani Arun , Koenig Felix , Pessina Lorenzo , Summers Andy 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Using administrative data on the universe of UK taxpayers, we study the contribution of migrants to the rise in UK top incomes. We show migrants are over-represented at the top of the income distribution, with migrants twice as prevalent in the top 0.01% as anywhere in the bottom 97% of taxpayers. These high incomes are predominantly from labour, rather than capital, and migrants are concentrated in only a handful of industries, predominantly finance. All of the observed growth in the UK top 1% income share over the past 20 years has accrued to migrants.
Consumption Response to Minimum Wages: Evidence from Chinese Households
Authors: Dautović Ernest , Hau Harald , Huang Yi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The paper evaluates the impact of the Chinese minimum wage policy on consumption of low-wage households for the period 2002-2009. Using a representative panel of urban households, we find that the consumption response to minimum wage income hikes increases in the share of minimum wage income in total household income. In particular, poorer households fully consume their additional income, while meaningful negative employment effects are absent. The large marginal propensity to consume is driven by households with at least one child, while poor, childless households save two-thirds of a minimum wage hike. The expenditure increase is concentrated in health care and education with potentially long-lasting benefits to household welfare.
Testing Monotonicity of Mean Potential Outcomes in a Continuous Treatment with High-Dimensional Data
Authors: Hsu Yu-Chin , Huber Martin , Lee Ying-Ying , Liu Chu-An 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We propose a Cramér-von Mises-type test for testing whether the mean potential outcome given a specific treatment level has a weakly monotonic relationship with the continuous treatment under unconfoundedness. To flexibly control for a possibly high-dimensional set of covariates, our test is based on a double debiased machine learning method. We show that our test controls asymptotic size and is consistent against any fixed alternative. We apply our test to evaluate the Job Corps program and reject a weakly negative relationship between the treatment (hours in academic and vocational training) and labor market performance among relatively low treatment values.
Improving Estimation Efficiency via Regression-Adjustment in Covariate-Adaptive Randomizations with Imperfect Compliance
Authors: Jiang Liang , Linton Oliver B. , Tang Haihan , Zhang Yichong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We investigate how to improve efficiency using regression adjustments with covariates in covariate-adaptive randomizations (CARs) with imperfect subject compliance. Our regression-adjusted estimators, which are based on the doubly robust moment for local average treatment effects, are consistent and asymptotically normal even with heterogeneous probabilities of assignment and misspecified regression adjustments. We propose an optimal but potentially misspecified linear adjustment and its further improvement via a nonlinear adjustment, both of which lead to more efficient estimators than the one without adjustments. We also provide conditions for nonparametric and regularized adjustments to achieve the semiparametric efficiency bound under CARs.
The Risk of Narrow, Disputable Results in the U.S. Electoral College
Authors: Geruso Michael , Spears Dean 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Close elections are important for many reasons, including that consequent election disputes can weaken democratic legitimacy and risk political violence. We quantify the probability of close outcomes in US presidential races with novel applications of empirical election models from several sources. We show that razor-thin margins are very likely under the Electoral College (EC). And we establish that the EC causes this closeness: It would not occur under any plausibly comparable popular vote system. The tendency of the EC to generate close elections is found today and throughout US presidential voting history.
Labor Migration, Capital Accumulation, and the Structure of Rural Labor Markets
Authors: Dinkelman Taryn , Kumchulesi Grace , Mariotti Martine 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Between 1967 and 1974, a bilateral treaty increased circular labor migration from Malawi to South Africa by 200%, bringing over 53 million USD in earnings into origin communities. A deadly migrant worker plane crash in 1974 ended these flows and led to migrant repatriation. We study how this shock affected local labor markets. In regions receiving more migrant capital after the crash, workers, particularly women, shifted from farming into non-farm work over thirty years. Investments in non-farm physical and human capital contribute to these sectoral changes. This natural experiment shows that temporary capital inflows can permanently reshape rural labor markets.
Common Subcontracting and Airline Prices
Authors: Aryal Gaurab , Campbell Dennis J. , Ciliberto Federico , Khmelnitskaya Ekaterina A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In the US airline industry, independent regional airlines fly passengers on behalf of several national airlines across different markets, giving rise to common subcontracting. On the one hand, we find that subcontracting is associated with lower prices, consistent with the notion that regional airlines tend to fly passengers at lower costs than major airlines. On the other hand, we find that common subcontracting is associated with higher prices. These two countervailing effects suggest that the growth of regional airlines can have anticompetitive implications for the industry.
Hindsight Bias and Trust in Government
Authors: Herz Holger , Kistler Deborah , Zehnder Christian , Zihlmann Christian 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We empirically assess whether hindsight bias affects citizens' evaluation of their political actors. Using an incentivized elicitation technique, we demonstrate that people systematically misremember their past policy preferences regarding how to best fight the Covid-19 pandemic. At the peak of the first wave in the United States, the average respondent mistakenly believed that they supported significantly stricter restrictions at the onset of the first wave than they actually did. Exogenous variation in the extent of hindsight bias, induced through a randomized survey experiment, indicates that hindsight bias has a negative causal impact on the change in trust in government.
Piracy, Estuaries, and Commerce: Magh Predation in the Northern Bay of Bengal
Authors: China Subham 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
As a postgraduate student at the Department of History, University of Hyderabad, India, I was introduced to Michael Pearson’s scholarship on the Indian Ocean and related studies thereon. While teaching the course “The World of the Indian Ocean,” Professor Rila Mukherjee emphasized Michael Pearson as one of the first to systematically conceptualize the interconnected maritime space of the Indian Ocean, and particularly, in her own work, the Bay of Bengal. Pearson’s many works shaped my research ideas and provided frameworks for my future research interests. In this paper, I will focus on the significant historiographical and conceptual interventions of Michael Pearson and how they shaped the development of my research on magh predation in the northern Bay of Bengal.
The use of seaweed as sustainable feed ingredient for the house cricket (Acheta domesticus): investigating cricket performance and nutritional composition
Authors: Ajdini B. , Biancarosa I. , Cardinaletti G. , Illuminati S. , Annibaldi A. , Girolametti F. , Fanelli M. , Pascon G. , Martinoli M. , Tulli F. , Pinto T. , Truzzi C. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The house cricket (Acheta domesticus) is considered one of the most promising farmed insect to be used as novel food, thanks to its attractive nutritional profile and its great taste. To the best of our knowledge, crickets in Europe are reared on soybean meal-rich feed which won’t be sustainable in the long run. Insect producers have shown interest in using more environmentally friendly substrates for cricket’s rearing. Among these, seaweed has been investigated as feed ingredients for insect rearing. However, no studies on crickets are available. We aimed to evaluate the potential use of the alga Palmaria palmata in the diet of house crickets (5%, 10% and 20% of the diet), in terms of insect performances and nutritional composition (protein, lipid, amino acids and fatty acids). Crickets fed seaweed-enriched diets showed good performance parameters (individual weight, cricket yield and survival) compared to crickets fed the control diet without presenting statistically significant differences (), while their nutritional composition changed significantly for some components. Protein content of the crickets increased when more seaweed was added to their diets (), while the fat content decreased (). Also, the amino acid composition of the crickets remained stable between dietary groups, except for histidine, methionine and lysine which increased in crickets fed more seaweed in the diet (, , , respectively). Finally, the presence of seaweed in the diet led to a transfer of the omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid from the seaweed to the crickets (), which are naturally lacking this fatty acid. Based on this study, we conclude that the red alga Palmaria Palmata is a suitable substrate for cricket mass rearing up to 20 g/100 g of the diet. However, higher seaweed inclusion and longer dietary administration time could affect the nutritional composition of the house cricket differently, therefore they should be investigated.
Gustave Moreau’s Salome and Death of Adonis
Authors: Prejmerean Vasile-Ovidiu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This article aims to shed new light on Gustave Moreau’s artistic thought by assessing two drawings: a Salome variant and The Death of Adonis, both chosen because of how their unique iconographies bring to light—and to life—the opposition not only between gazes and genders but also between artist and artwork, divinity and sin, seer and seen, tradition and modernity, and, eventually, life and death. Employing several literary and figurative sources, the article analyzes how Moreau figured these confrontations and shows how he eventually solved them by examining the fascinating narratives the characters’ play of gazes offer the viewer, as well as the drawings’ bearing on Moreau’s understanding of artistic rebirth and (self-)identification through idealism and spirituality.
Delivering and utilising library services during the pandemic disease outbreak: challenges and coping strategies
Authors: Wilfred Josephine , Mwantimwa Kelefa 
Published: February 2024

Background The COVID-19 pandemic caused severe shutdowns, quarantines, closures, cancellations, and other restrictive measures in different countries. Educational institutions such as universities, colleges, and schools were not immune to the devastating effects caused by the pandemic. Purpose The present study intended to explore challenges and coping strategies in maintaining access to and use of resources and services in academic libraries during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Research design To gain familiarity and acquire new insight into how Tanzania academic libraries managed their services during the COVID-19 pandemic exploratory research design was employed. A qualitative approach was mainly used to explore library staff and users’ opinions and experiences on library service provision during the pandemic outbreak. Data collection methods and analysis Focus group discussions (FGDs) and face-to-face semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. Data collected through FGD and semi-structured interviews were transcribed and subjected to qualitative data analysis. In particular, thematic analysis was employed in analysing data based on assigned themes. Results Generally, the study reveals multiple challenges in delivering library services and resources and their coping strategies. However, most of the coping strategies put forward mainly focused into preventing the pandemic, rather than enhancing access to and use of library services and resources among the users. Conclusion and recommendations The study exposes challenges that affected the delivery and use of library services during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, and their coping strategies were known. Proposal to digitize the library collections, invest in the application of digital library solutions and innovations, build capacity in digital competencies among the library staff and users, and increase access and use of open and freely available resources and services appear to be sustainable coping strategies when a pandemic occurs.
The Sonopet iQ® Ultrasonic Bone Aspirator in Craniofacial Surgery: A Scoping Review and Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Daly Gwendolyn E. , Luh Rebecca A. , Balumuka Darius , Howell Lori K. , Wolfswinkel Erik M. 
Published: February 2024

Background: The Sonopet iQ® Ultrasonic Aspirator is a surgical tool used for the fragmentation and emulsification of bone and soft tissue. Ultrasonic vibrations emulsify bone with cited benefits of decreased damage to surrounding soft tissue and minimal heat dispersion. Despite these potential benefits, there is a paucity of published articles on the safety and efficacy of the Sonopet® in the setting of craniofacial surgery. Methods: In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, MEDLINE and Pubmed were searched for articles that studied use of the Sonopet® for osteotomies in the craniofacial setting. Studies exclusively investigating soft tissue aspiration were excluded. Results: Out of 61 articles discovered, 22 met inclusion criteria and discussed a total of 816 patients. Of the 22 articles, there were 8 retrospective chart reviews, 7 case series, 5 cadaver models, and 2 case reports. Studies spanned multiple disciplines including otolaryngology, ophthalmology, craniofacial surgery, neurosurgery, and oral and maxillofacial surgery. Despite its frequent use in orthognathic and cranial vault remodeling surgery, only 4 studies described its use in these fields. The most commonly cited benefits of the Sonopet® were enhanced ergonomics and safety, discussed in 20 of the included studies. Eighteen studies claimed the Sonopet® was safer to use in surgically tight spaces compared to traditional drills. Four studies found decreased bone dust generation by the Sonopet® compared to conventional cutting devices. No studies reported an increase in postoperative complications due to the device. The most commonly cited disadvantage was the cost of the device, however, the majority of authors believed the benefits of the device outweighed the increase in cost. Conclusions: There is a dearth of research investigating the use of the Sonopet® in craniofacial surgery. Available studies emphasize the ergonomic and safety benefits of the Sonopet® and encourage expanded use of the device despite its cost.