bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of mathematical models for analyzing flocculent settling data
Authors: Je Chung‐Hwan , Kim Kyung‐Sub 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to evaluate the reliability of four mathematical models—Berthouex and Stevens' [4], San's [14], Özer's [6], and the rule‐based method—that can be used to fit flocculent settling data. Each approach was critically reviewed for its strengths and limitations, and investigated for its fitting capability using the data obtained from the authors' research and the related references. Three comparison criteria, goodness‐of‐fit, mathematical consistency, and design results, were used. The results from this study show that the rule‐based approach yielded considerably lower sum of square error (SSE) than the other approaches. Berthouex and Stevens' approach violated the criterion of constraints for all the data sets. For the design results for average TSS removal efficiency, all approaches except Berthouex and Stevens' method showed relatively consistent results. But, in terms of reliability, the rule‐based approach provided better results than the other approaches.
Comparison of single‐layer and multi‐layer rotating drum biofilters for VOC removal
Authors: Yang Chunping , Suidan Makram T. , Zhu Xueqing , Kim Byung J. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractTwo types of rotating drum biofilters were tested to investigate the effect of medium configuration on biofilter performance for removing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from waste gas streams. One was a single‐layer biofilter that consisted of a thick layer of open‐pore reticulated polyurethane foam media. The other was a multi‐layer biofilter that used a set of four concentric thinner layers of the media. The effect of the two different media configurations was examined using diethyl ether as a model VOC at various organic loading rates. The results showed that the multi‐layer biofilter could maintain more stable and higher ether removal efficiencies at gas empty bed contact time (EBCT) of 30 s than the single‐layer biofilter at gas EBCT of 90 s, and at organic loading rates ranging from 2.0 to 8.0 kg COD m−3 day−1 (32.1 to 128.4 g ether m−3 h−1), all based on the medium volume. The multi‐layer biofilter also exhibited a more even biomass distribution on the concentric surface at a medium depth than the single‐layer biofilter, which suggests a reduced possibility of short‐circuiting of gas streams and, consequently, better performance.
Achieving low mercury concentrations in chlor‐alkali wastewaters
Authors: Tonini David R. , Gauvin Debra A. , Soffel Robert W. , Freeman W. Peter 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn the early 1980s, EPA established production‐based effluent limitation guidelines for mercury in wastewater discharges from mercury cell chlor‐alkali plants based on the application of best available technology economically achievable (BAT). The principal process for achieving the BAT guidelines has been chemical precipitation with sulfide compounds, followed by filtration to remove the mercury as insoluble mercury sulfide. This treatment process typically results in effluent mercury concentrations ranging from 10 to 50 μg/kg (ppb).In response to changes in environmental laws in Maine in 1997, HoltraChem Manufacturing Company in Orrington, Maine, began searching for new technologies to reduce mercury in its effluent. Working with suppliers, an onsite pilot plant test with sulfur‐impregnated, activated carbon, MERSORB® LW mercury adsorbent, indicated it was feasible to achieve effluent mercury levels of < 100 ng/kg (ppt). A full‐scale treatment system was designed and installed after the existing primary sulfide treatment process to treat 100 gpm of wastewater. Mercury concentrations after initial start‐up of the secondary adsorption process were one to two orders of magnitude higher than expected. After optimization of the sulfide treatment process, optimizing pH of the influent and the addition of 0.5 micron filters prior to the adsorption trains, mercury concentrations averaging < 100 ppt and as low as 20 ppt have been achieved.
Mechanical strength of laser‐welded cobalt–chromium alloy
Authors: Baba N. , Watanabe I. , Liu J. , Atsuta M. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the output energy of laserwelding and welding methods on the joint strength of cobalt‐chromium (Co‐Cr) alloy. Twotypes of cast Co‐Cr plates were prepared, and transverse sections were made at the center ofthe plate. The cut surfaces were butted against one another, and the joints welded with alaser‐welding machine at several levels of output energy with the use of two methods. Thefracture force required to break specimens was determined by means of tensile testing. For the0.5‐mm‐thick specimens, the force required to break the 0.5‐mm laser‐welded specimens atcurrents of 270 and 300 A was not statistically different (p > 0.05) from the results for thenonwelded control specimens. The force required to break the 1.0‐mm specimens double‐weldedat a current of 270 A was the highest value among the 1.0‐mm laser‐welded specimens.The results suggested that laser welding under the appropriate conditions improved the jointstrength of cobalt‐ chromium alloy. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 69B: 121–124, 2004
An experimental analogue to model the fibrous tissue layer in cemented hip replacements
Authors: Waide Victor , Cristofolini Luca , Toni Aldo 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFibrous tissue at the bone–cement interface of cemented joint replacements has been reported frequently in cases of revisions made necessary by aseptic loosening. This work describes the development of in vitro specimens suitable for biomechanical modeling of cemented femoral hip replacements with a fibrous tissue layer at the bone–cement interface. In particular, a series of uniaxial compression tests were performed on silicone elastomer specimens to identify a suitable analogue with similar mechanical characteristics to those reported for the fibrous tissue layer. A method was developed to apply the silicone elastomer at the bone–cement interface. This was examined for two types of cemented hip replacements implanted in composite femurs. The selected thickness of the elastomer layers was in the range of those found in clinical cases of aseptic loosening. Specimens produced by these methods could be used in preclinical biomechanical tests (such as stability or stress shielding tests) to assess the effects of a soft‐tissue layer, to model in vitro a long‐term‐implant scenario, and to provide validation for similar finite element studies. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 69B: 232–240, 2004
Predicting in silico bioprocess additive and food additive undesirable outcomes due to utilising cytochrome P450 isoform metallomimics
Authors: Wiseman Alan 
Published: April 2004

AbstractUp to 2700 isoforms of cytochromes P450 bioconvert components of food bioprocessing. Nutragenomics define the biotransformation abilities of particular cytochromes P450 selected from 57 human isoforms in appropriate tissues such as the liver. Safety predictions solely in silico are unreliable using metallomimics of the Fe‐containing enzymes. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Optimal linear filtering over observations with multiple delays
Authors: Basin Michael , Martinez‐Zuniga Rodolfo 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn this paper, the optimal filtering problem for a linear system over observations with multiple delays is treated proceeding from the general expression for the stochastic Ito differential of the optimal estimate and its variance. As a result, the optimal filtering equations similar to the traditional Kalman–Bucy ones are obtained in the form dual to the Smith predictor, commonly used for robust control design in time‐delay systems. In the example, the obtained optimal filter over observations with multiple delays is verified for a sample system and compared with the best Kalman–Bucy filter available for delayed measurements. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CeAgAs2 — a New Derivative of the HfCuSi2 Type of Structure: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Demchyna R. , Jemetio J. P. F. , Prots Yu. , Doert Th. , Akselrud L. G. , Schnelle W. , Kuz'ma Yu. , Grin Yu. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractSingle crystals of CeAgAs2 have been obtained by chemical transport reactions starting from a pre‐reacted powder sample. The crystal structure was solved using X‐ray diffraction (space group Pmca, No. 57, a = 5.7586(4) Å, b = 5.7852(4) Å, c = 21.066(3) Å, Z = 8) and refined to a residual of R(F) = 0.029 for 46 refined parameters and 1020 reflections. The structure of CeAgAs2 represents a new distorted and ordered variant of the HfCuSi2 type. The characteristic feature of this structure are infinite cis‐trans chains of As atoms with As—As distances of 2.563(1) Å and 2.601(1) Å. CeAgAs2 is paramagnetic (μeff = 2.37 μB, θ = —10.5(2) K), with antiferromagnetic ordering at 5.5(2) K and exhibits a metamagnetic transition starting at 4.6 kOe and T = 1.8 K.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Two Mixed‐Valence Copper Complexes with Mixed Ligands
Authors: He Xiang , Lu Can‐Zhong 
Published: April 2004

AbstractHydrothermal reactions of copper salts with fumaric acid, 1, 10‐phenanthroline or 2, 2‐bipyridine in basic aqueous solution gave rise to two mixed‐valence copper complexes [Cu4(ophen)4(fum)] (1) and [Cu4(obipy)4(fum)]·6H2O (2) (fum = fumarate dianion, Hophen = 2‐hydroxy‐1, 10‐phenanthroline and Hobpy = 6‐hydroxy‐2, 2′‐bipyridine), which were characterized by single crystal X‐ray analysis. [Cu4(ophen)4(fum)] (1) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n, with a = 10.4749(8), b = 13.4210(9), c = 15.1090(10)Å, β = 103.811(3)° Z = 2; [Cu4(obipy)4(fum)]·6H2O (2) has the triclinic space group P1¯, with a = 10.1302(11), b = 10.4406(12), c = 11.4450(13)Å, α = 84.384(2)°, β = 79.064(2)°, g = 67.734(2)° and Z = 1. The fumaric acid ligand acts as a multi‐dentate bridging ligand in both compounds, 1 and 2, to link copper atoms into dumbbell structure. During the reactions, 1, 10‐phenanthroline and 2, 2′‐bipyridine ligands are all hydroxylated into ophen and obipy, which provide useful structural evidence for the study on the Gillard mechanism.
Synthesis and Characterization of the first Copper(II) Complex of 6‐Azathymine. The Crystal Structure of [[CuCl2(H2O)2(AT)}2] · 2H2O; (AT = 6‐Azathymine)
Authors: Ghassemzadeh Mitra , Pooramini Mostafa M. , Tabatabaee Maasoomeh , Heravi Majid M. , Neumüller Bernhard 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe reaction of 3, 4‐dihydro‐6‐methyl‐3‐thioxo‐1, 2, 4‐triazin‐5(2H)‐one (6‐aza‐2‐thiothymine, AAT, 1) with copper(I) chloride in presence of hydrochloric acid in methanol gives the complex [{CuCl2(H2O)2(AT)}2] · 2H2O, 2, AT = 6‐azathymine) in excellent yield. 2 was characterized by IR spectroscopy and elemental analyses as well as mass spectrometry. Also single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies on compound 2 revealed that AT acts as a monodentate ligand in the centrosymmetric binuclear complex via its oxygen atom. Crystal data for 2 at —80 °C: space group P21/c with a = 550.1(1), b = 2712.5(1), c = 729.7(1) pm, β = 95.99(1)°, Z = 2, R1 = 0.0213.
Asymmetric Bipyridine‐Terpyridine‐Copper(II) Complexes: An Approach for New Supramolecular Architectures
Authors: Hofmeier Harald , Herdtweck Eberhardt , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractOn the way towards novel supramolecular assemblies and polymers, several copper(II) complexes consisting of one terpyridine as well as one bipyridine ligand were synthesized in a one‐step reaction. The compounds were characterized by UV/VIS spectroscopy and MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry. Single crystals were obtained and their structures were determined by X‐ray analyses.
Crystal Structure Investigations and Thermal Behavior of the Five‐Leg Spin Ladder Compound La8Cu7O19
Authors: Schüpp Barbara , Sekar Chinnathambi , Gruner Wolfgang , Auffermann Gudrun , Bähtz Carsten , Krabbes Gernot 
Published: April 2004

AbstractLa8Cu7O19 was synthesized by solid state reaction of the oxides La2O3 and CuO at 1288 K in air. The crystal structure was determined by a joint Rietveld refinement of X‐ray and neutron powder diffraction data. La8Cu7O19 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c (No. 15) with the lattice parameters a = 13.8310(4)Å, b = 3.75827(9)Å, c = 34.5917(8)Å and β = 99.332(2)°. La8Cu7O19 is the n = 3 member of the homologous series La4+4nCu8+2nO14+8n. The Cu—O sub‐structure in La8Cu7O19 contains infinite ribbons, which can be described as perovskite type layers with a width of n = 3 Jahn‐Teller‐elongated octahedra, and Cu—O planes of complex geometry. DSC/TG‐measurements in different gas atmospheres show peritectic decomposition of La8Cu7O19. The anisotropic thermal expansion of the lattice parameters was investigated using synchrotron radiation. The Madelung part of lattice energy was calculated and compared with the corresponding values of other lanthanum cuprates.
Thermochemische Untersuchungen zum quasibinären System YbOCl/SeO2
Authors: Schmidt P. , Quoc H. Dao , Oppermann H. , Ruck M. , Berdonosov P. S. , Dolgikh V. A. , Popovkin B. A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAuf dem quasibinären Schnitt YbOCl/SeO2 existieren gemäß dem thermischen Abbau und der Phasenanalyse definierter Pulvergemenge vier thermodynamisch stabile Verbindungen: YbOCl · 3 SeO2 = YbSe3O7Cl, YbOCl · 2 SeO2 = YbSe2O5Cl und YbOCl · SeO2 = YbSeO3Cl sowie die YbOCl‐reiche Verbindung Yb2SeO4Cl2 (2 YbOCl · SeO2).Durch Gesamtdruckmessungen und DTA wurden das Zustandsbarogramm und das Zustandsdiagramm des quasibinären Schnittes YbOCl/SeO2 aufgestellt. Aus der Temperaturabhängigkeit der Zersetzungsdrücke wurden die Bildungsenthalpien und Standardentropien der Phasen hergeleitet. Unabhängig davon wurden die Bildungsenthalpien der neuen Verbindungen aus den kalorimetrisch bestimmten Lösewärmen von YbOCl, SeO2 und der quaternären Phasen gewonnen.
Synthesen und Charakteristika von Heterobimetallorganika des Siliciums mit dem 2‐(Dimethylaminomethyl)ferrocenyl‐Liganden FcN (η5‐C5H5)Fe[η5‐C5H3(CH2NMe2)]—
Authors: Jacob Klaus , Görls Helmar , Lorenz Volker 
Published: April 2004

AbstractDas heterobimetallische Lithiumorganyl [2‐(Dimethylaminomethyl)ferro‐cenyl]‐Lithium, LiFcN, reagiert mit Silicium(IV)‐chlorid, SiCl4, zum heterobimetallischen Siliciumorganyl [(FcN)3SiCl] (1). Bei der Hydrolysereaktion von 1 entsteht das heterobimetallische Organosilanol [(FcN)3SiOH] (2). Die eingehende Charakterisierung von 1 und 2 erfolgte durch NMR‐ und Massenspektrometrie sowie durch die Röntgenstruktur‐Analyse von 2.
Oxorhenium(V) Complexes with Thiosemicarbazones
Authors: Santos Isabel Garcia , Abram Ulrich 
Published: April 2004

AbstractNeutral oxorhenium(V) complexes with thiosemicarbazones derived from 2‐pyridine formamide, HL1, are formed when [ReOCl3(PPh3)2] reacts with equimolar amounts of the ligands. Reduction of the metal and the formation of rhenium(III) complexes of the composition [Re(L1)2]+ occurs when an excess of thiosemicarbazones is used and the reaction is performed in boiling toluene for a prolonged period of time.The thiosemicarbazones deprotonate and act as tridentate ligands as has been confirmed by an X‐ray structure of [ReOCl2(L1b)], where HL1b is 2‐pyridineformamide‐N(4)‐ethylthiosemicarbazone and the ligand occupies the equatorial coordination sphere of the complex together with one of the chloro ligands.
Metallkomplexe mit N2O2S2‐Koordinationssphäre. Synthese und Charakterisierung der Cobalt(II)‐, Nickel(II)‐ und Kupfer(II)‐Komplexe eines 15‐ und eines 16‐gliedrigen N, N′‐bis(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐funktionalisierten makrocyclischen Liganden
Authors: Mattes Rainer , Mühlenbrock Christoph , Leeners Katharina , Pyttel Claudia 
Published: April 2004

AbstractDie makrocyclischen Liganden 6, 10‐Bis(2‐hydro‐xyethyl)‐7, 8, 9, 11, 17, 18‐hexahydro‐dibenzo‐[e, n][1, 4, 8, 12]‐dithiadiaza‐cyclopentadecin (1) (L1) und 5, 13‐Bis(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐7, 8, 9, 10, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20‐nonahydro‐dibenzo‐[g, o][1, 9, 5, 13]‐dithiadiaza‐cyclohexadecin (L4) sowie ihre Nickel(II)‐, Cobalt(II)‐ und Kupfer(II)‐Komplexe wurden hergestellt und durch Röntgenstrukturanalysen charakterisiert. In allen Komplexen haben die Metallionen eine oktaedrische N2O2S2‐Koordinationssphäre. Durch Faltung der Liganden um die N···M···S‐Achse bzw. um die N···M···N′‐Achse resultiert eine all‐cis‐Konfiguration für die Komplexe von L1 und eine trans‐N2‐cis‐O2‐cis‐S2‐Konfiguration für die Komplexe von L4. Der Cobalt(II)‐Komplex [CoL1(‐H)CoL1](ClO4)3 (2) ist dimer. Die Verknüpfung erfolgt über eine kurze Wasserstoffbrückenbindung der Länge 2.402(12)Å. Die Kupfer(II)‐Komplexe von L1 und L4 unterscheiden sich im Hinblick auf die Jahn‐Teller‐Verzerrung.
Synthesen und Charakterisierungen der ersten Tris‐ und Tetrakis(trifluormethyl)palladate(II) und ‐platinate(II), [M(CF3)3(PPh3)]— und [M(CF3)4]2— (M = Pd, Pt)
Authors: Naumann Dieter , Kirij Natalya V. , Maggiarosa Nicola , Tyrra Wieland , Yagupolskii Yurii L. , Wickleder Mathias S. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractTris(trifluormethyl)(triphenylphosphan)palladat(II) und —platinat(II), [M(CF3)3(PPh3)]—, und die Tetrakis(trifluormethyl)metallate(II), [M(CF3)4]2— (M = Pd, Pt), entstehen bei den Reaktionen von [MCl2(PPh3)2] mit Me3SiCF3 / [Me4N]F oder mit [I(CF3)2]—‐Salzen in guten Ausbeuten. [Me4N][M(CF3)3(PPh3)] kristallisieren isotyp in der orthorhombischen Raumgruppe Pnma (Nr. 62) mit Z = 4. Die NMR‐Spektren der neuen Verbindungen werden beschrieben.
[PbAsSiiPr3]6 — the First Structurally Characterized Compound with Chemical Bonds between Lead and Arsenic (Z. anorg. allg. Chem. 2004, 630, 3, 345)
Authors: von Hänisch C. , Nikolova D. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe authors of the Short Communication “[PbAsSiiPr3]6 — the First Structurally Characterized Compound with Chemical Bonds between Lead and Arsenic” (C. von Hänisch, D. Nikolova, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 2004, 630, 345—346) overlooked the quaternary phase K8NbPbAs5, published by Gascoin und Sevov [1]. Its crystal structure reveals the presence of [NbPbAs5]8— anions. Therefore this is the first structurally characterized compound with bonds between lead and arsenic. Nevertheless, [PbAsSiiPr3]6 remains the sole example of a molecular compound, characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography, containing such Pb—As bonds and organic substituents. The authors apologize for their oversight.See original Z. anorg. allg. Chem. 2004, 630, 3, 345
Human relationship: The forgotten dynamic in palliative care
Authors: HAWTHORNE DENISE L. , YURKOVICH NANCY J. 
Published: April 2004

Objective: Palliative care is a philosophy of care for
individuals experiencing progressive, incurable disease. It encompasses
two dynamics, science-based practice and relationship between patient,
family, and health professional. Each dynamic is essential for quality
palliative care, yet the requisites for each are different.Methods: The scientific process of observation and
measurement requires differentiation, distance, and detachment to
fulfill its demands for objectivity, whereas relationship, unobservable
and immeasurable, requires sameness, closeness, and connection of a
shared humanity. It is science, however, the prevailing world-view,
that shapes our thinking and consequently, influences the education and
practice of health professionals.Results: We explore the dynamics of science and relationship
and the incongruities between them. We examine the prominence of
science in palliative care and its impact on relationship.Significance of results: We contend that questioning the
current emphasis of science in palliative care and discovering the joy
and rewards of shared human experience will enrich the quality of life
for patients, families, and health professionals.
Sfixem—graphical sequence feature display in Java
Authors: Chalk Alistair M. , Wennerberg Martin , Sonnhammer Erik L. L. 
Published: April 2004

Abstract
Summary: Sfixem is an sequence feature series (SFS) visualization tool implemented in Java. It is designed to visualize data from sequence analysis programs, allowing the user to view multiple sets of computationally generated analysis to assist the analysis process. SFS is used as the data exchange format.
Availability: Sfixem is available for direct usage or download for local usage at http://sfixem.cgb.ki.se. A protein sequence analysis workbench using Sfixem is available at http://sfinx.cgb.ki.se.
A geometric approach to determine association and coherence of the activation times of cell-cycling genes under differing experimental conditions
Authors: Liu Delong , Weinberg Clarice R. , Peddada Shyamal D. 
Published: April 2004

Abstract
Differing arresting agents and protocols can be used to synchronize cells in cultures to specific phases of the cell when studying cell-cycle gene expressions. Often, data derived from individual experiments are analyzed separately, since no appropriate statistical methodology is available at the moment to analyze the data from all such experiments simultaneously. The focus of this paper is to determine the association and coherence of the relative activation times of cell-cycling genes under different experimental conditions. Using a circular–circular regression model, we define two parameters, a rotation parameter for the angular difference between cells' arresting times (phases) in two cell-cycle experiments, and an association parameter to describe the correspondence between the cycle times of maximal expression (phase angles) for a set of genes studied in two experiments. Further, we propose a procedure to assess coherence across multiple experiments, i.e. to what extent the circular ordering of the phase angles of genes is maintained across multiple experiments. Coherence of genes across experiments suggests that functionally these genes tend to respond in a stereotypically sequenced way under different experimental conditions. Our proposed methodology is illustrated by applying it to a HeLa cell-cycle gene-expression data.
Study of the effects of interferon a on several human hepatoma cell lines: analysis of the signalling pathway of the cytokine and of its effects on apoptosis and cell proliferation
Authors: Legrand A. , Vadrot N. , Lardeux B. , Bringuier A.F. , Guillot R. , Feldmann G. 
Published: April 2004

Background: Interferon α (IFNα), currently used for the treatment of chronic viral hepatitis, is also known to prevent the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the mechanism of this action being still debatable.Aims: To study thoroughly in human hepatoma cell lines (HHL) – Hep3B, HepG2, HuH7, SKHep1, and Chang‐Liver – submitted to rhIFNα, the signalling pathway of IFNα, the binding activity of the cytokine on specific gamma‐activated sequence (GAS) and interferon‐stimulated regulatory element (ISRE) nuclear sequences, and its effects on apoptosis and cell proliferation.Methods: The behaviour of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1, STAT2, p48IRF9 and the binding of nuclear proteins were investigated by immunoblot and electro‐mobility shift assay. Expression of some IFNα‐dependent proteins – p21/WAF1, inducible nitric oxide synthase, IRF1 and 2 – were studied by immunoblot. Apoptosis and the cell cycle were studied by morphological and biochemical methods.Results: Transduction of INFα was unaltered, although there were some variations in the different HHL. Nuclear protein binding to GAS or ISRE showed that ISRE was mainly involved. Apoptosis did not occur. The cell cycle was slightly modified in HuH7. Three GAS‐ and/or ISRE‐dependent proteins increased, suggesting that IFNα may have some biological effects on HHL.Conclusions: The IFNα signalling pathway is functional in several HHL, but the cytokine has no apoptotic effect and a moderate anti‐proliferative effect. This suggests that the preventive role of IFNα on HCC cannot be explained by an apoptotic and/or an anti‐proliferative effect, but possibly by its action on several specific nuclear sequences that protect liver cells from transformation.