bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beethoven and his World
Authors: Clive Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Following the author's acclaimed biographical dictionaries on Schubert and Mozart, 'Beethoven and His World' offers an extremely comprehensive and up-to-date survey of the composer's relations with a multitude of persons with whom he associated on a personal or professional basis: relatives, friends, acquaintances, librettists, poets, publishers, artists, patrons, and musicians. With more than 450 entries, the dictionary is the result of a wide-ranging examination of primary and secondary sources, and critically assesses the use which scholars have made of the considerable documentation now available. In particular, there are numerous references to Beethoven's correspondence and conversation books, which have recently been published in excellent new editions. The book places the composer and his music in a fuller context and a wider perspective than might be possible in a traditional biography; it will appeal to all music lovers, both the scholar and the non-specilaist alike.
Prologue: Early Years (1905-25)
Authors: Mccabe John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
ALAN RAWSTHORNE is usually regarded as the epitome of urbane sophistication, elegant and worldly-wise, very much a man about town, yet in truth he was more of a countryman: he lived in the Essex countryside for the last eighteen years of his life, and spent his first eight years in Lancashire sheep farming country. He was born on 2 May 1905, at the family home of Dear dengate House, Haslingden, in Lancashire (the family moving to Sykeside House on the edge of Haslingden in 1908 on the sale to the Corporation of the previous property).
Apprenticeship (1925-35)
Authors: Mccabe John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
WHEN Rawsthorne entered the RMCM (which later became the Royal Northern College of Music), he studied cello with Carl Fuchs, composition with Dr Thomas Keighley (a notoriously ineffective composition teacher to whom Rawsthorne did not in later years refer when discussing his tutors), and piano with Frank Merrick, of whom he said, ‘His methods of teaching were really invaluable because one learnt a great deal more about the actual com position of music from him than one would from most piano teachers’,and rapidly came to the fore as both pianist and composer.
Concerto In D (The ‘Coronation’), K. 537
Authors: Hutchings Arthur 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
‘All this talk about the imperial cities is mere chatter. True, I am famous, admired and popular here; on the other hand, the people of Frankfort are even more stingy than the Viennese.’ Joseph II died, and was succeeded in February 1790 by Leopold II, whose corona tion is associated with a concerto written two years previously. Prof. Blume writes:
The English Novel 1770-1829: A Bibliographical Survey of Prose Fiction Published in the British Isles
Authors: Garside Peter , Schöwerling Rainer , Skelton-Foord Christopher , ünsche Karin W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This bibliography provides the first complete and copy-based record of the production of new English fiction in the period 1800-1829. The main listings include 2,256 entries, all but forty of which (where no surviving copy could be found) are based on examination of a first edition of the actual novel described. As a result of ten years of Anglo-German co-operation the bibliography makes especial use of the recently discovered collection of English novels of Schloss Corvey in Germany, whose holdings in English fiction 1796-1834 almost certainly exceed those held by any other library, including the British Library. In particular the bibliography is able to record over 100 titles which investigations have suggested are entirely unique to Corvey. Numerous libraries have also been visited in Britain and North America, leading to further novels which have fallen from the record. In offering a full transcription of title page details, the bibliography offers a much sharper view than has been previously available of the ways in which novels were projected to their audience when originally published. A variety of new attributions are made, while at the same time existing attributions are challenged, An extensive historical introduction by Peter Garside offers a comprehensive overview of the main aspects of production, marketing and reception of fiction in the Romantic era.
The English Novel in the Romantic Era: Consolidation and Dispersal
Authors: Garside Peter , Raven James , Schöwerling Rainer 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The years from 1800 to 1829 are indisputably of pivotal importance in the history of the novel. Traditionally the Romantic period in terms of fiction is viewed as the age of Walter Scott and Jane Austen, whose input into the larger tradition of the novel has been commented on at length, and whose published works have enjoyed intense bibliographical scrutiny. In recent years other novelists, such as Maria Edgeworth and Mary Shelley, have benefited from the bibliographical attention that goes with scholarly editing, and a broader interest in certain generic fields, notably the Gothic and women’s fiction, has led to both facsimile series and specialist check-lists. Commencing in the immediate wake of an efflorescence of female novel-writing, yet also characterized by some commentators as involving in its later stages the hijacking of prose fiction by male writers for male readers, the period evidently stands at an important crossroads in terms of the gender distribution of authorship.
John Gower: Metamorphosis In Other Words
Authors: Ricks Christopher 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Any lover of Gower should begin with a confession. Mine is that, no medievalist, I confess my not being competent to sub stantiate—from the larger linguistic and literary context—those verbal felicities which I believe that I apprehend in Gower. Saying this may be suicidal of me, but I prefer to think of it as a cry for help. The crucial question, at any rate, is no different for those who are indeed scholars of fourteenth—century poetry.
Counter-Romance:Civil Strife and Father-Killing in the Prose Romances
Authors: Cooper Helen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is an accident of history, in the shape of a damaged manuscript, that the very first sentences to survive of what is probably the earliest English prose romance describe a son’s killing of his father; but it is none the less a symbolic accident. The long-established tradition of metrical romances in English had occasionally allowed in ideas of family strife, but their general tenor was much more towards reunion, reconciliation, the due succession of father by heir-all the characteristics that are generally taken to be defining features of romance down through the Middle Ages to Shakespeare and beyond.
‘Abject odious’: Feminine and Masculine in Henryson’s Testament of Cresseid
Authors: Riddy Felicity 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the cathedral museum in Strasbourg there is a late fifteenth century painting attributed to an unknown Swabian Master called ‘Les Amants trépassés’. It depicts the dead lovers naked, standing side by side on what looks like a stone floor which dissolves into an impenetrably black background. Their bodies are already decomposing; through their emaciated flesh the bones are visible; the skin on their faces is pulled back so that they are almost grinning skulls.
A Disordering of the Senses
Authors: Mcgann Jerome 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
‘Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things’: the ‘natural’ association of the three in the Dyirbal language, wonderfully explored by George Lak off, recalls a similar set of categorial associations that were commonplace in eighteenth-century Europe. Idiots, children, peasants, primitive people, women —all are the ‘sentimental’ figurae of a ‘na” їve’ order. They are imagined as sharing similar qualities, variously seen along a broad spectrum of emotions, feelings, sensations. More specifically, as the word sentimental itself shows, they are imagined as creatures who ‘think’ through their feelings. That imagination, so deplorable to so many even to this day, is deeply grounded in ancient ideas about mind and body, thinking and feeling, reason and sensation. In its crudest (and clearest) form this imagining represents itself in the difference between men and women, man being the image of the higher powers of mind and reason, woman of the lower orders of body and sensation.
Mary Robinson and the Myth of Sappho
Authors: Mcgann Jerome 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Describing the scope of her study of the Fictions of Sappho I546-I937,joan Dejean points outthat the reception history of the Greek poet ‘is almost exclusively a French preserve’ until the eighteenth century, at which point ‘the English and the Germans really began to play a role’. These facts explain why Dejean focuses on French traditions. But she then adds: Once other traditions become active, I refer to all the major contributions to the composite portrait of Sappho that originate outside of France.
Politics and Postmodernism: The Late 1970s to 2000
Authors: Stevenson Randall 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
‘Satire to-day | Moults in silence or has flown away’ Geoffrey Grigson remarked at the end of the 1970s (‘To an Abusive and Ridiculous Art Historian’, 1980). Its departure was especially marked in the work of older poets—including Grigson himself—who had shared the political concerns of the ‘Auden generation’ in the 1930s. In 1974, in an elegy addressed to Auden, Grigson recalled that ‘Forty years now | Have slipped by since for some who were young | You became living’s healer… |…| …our fixture, our rhythm’ (‘To Wystan Auden’).
Absurdism, Postmodernism, Individualism
Authors: Stevenson Randall 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
‘You’re alone in the world, remember. No one can tell you what to do about it’. The remark is made by the central character in John Mortimer’s popular success, A Voyage Round my Father (Greenwich, 1970). Earlier, Mortimer’s father is described in terms of a ‘great capacity for rage—but never at the Universe’ (I). Much of the drama assessed in Chapters 9–11 shared a ‘capacity for rage’, but directed against the immediate problems of life in contemporary society.
Discovering the Body
Authors: Stevenson Randall 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Shelagh Delaney anticipated some developments in the period’s drama even more directly than John Osborne, Chapter 11 suggested. So did another woman playwright in the late 1950s, Ann Jellicoe. Though she seemed to share a renewed interest in contemporary society with Osborne and other dramatists emerging at the time, Jellicoe also had much wider aims. The Sport of My Mad Mother (Royal Court, 1958) topically depicted Teddy Boys and 1950s teenage violence, and The Knack (Arts, Cambridge, 1962) freer sexual behaviour at the start of the 1960s.
A Darker Route: Morality and History in the 1960s and 1970s
Authors: Stevenson Randall 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The period’s opening was marked by a new readiness among writers to respond to the challenges of the Second World War. The war had obviously remained a huge influence on English life and society in the years immediately following, as several 1960s novels confirmed: Elizabeth Jane Howard’s After Julius (1965), for example, traces the continuing, inescapable consequences, for more than twenty years afterwards, of a death during the evacuation of Dunkirk in 1940. Yet extended treatment of the war in English fiction seemed long delayed —surprisingly, given the narrative opportunities it offered.
‘The Century of Strangers’: Travellers and Migrants
Authors: Stevenson Randall 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Late twentieth-century history, Chapter 17 suggested, no longer allowed the faith in personal development through time that was once the mainstay of the Bildungsroman, even threatening more limited forms of ‘psychological orientation’ employed by novelists in earlier periods. Towards the end of the century, geography and dimensions of space often seemed as fractured and disorienting as recent history and experience of the temporal.
Blake Auden and James Auden
Authors: Fenton James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
You will remember that Auden, when an undergraduate at Oxford, took a look at the literary scene in general and decided that it offered an empty stage. ‘Evidently they are waiting for Someone’, he said with, Stephen Spender tells us, ‘the air of anticipating that he would soon take the centre of it’. Auden’s fantasy, however, was to be at the centre, not to be the sole figure. Christopher Isherwood was to be the novelist. Robert Medley was to be the painter. Cecil Day-Lewis was in there in some poetic capacity, as were Louis MacNeice and Spender. Spender told Auden he wondered whether he, Jr Jr fSpender, ought to write prose. But Auden put his foot down. ‘You must write nothing but poetry, we do not want to lose you for poetry.’ ‘But do you really think I’m any good?’ gulped Spender. ‘Of course,’ Auden frigidly replied. ‘But why?’ ‘Because you are so infinitely capable of being humiliated. Art is born of humiliation.
A Critical Geography of Britain’s State Forests
Authors: Tsouvalis Judith 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Attitudes in Britain to forests and trees are changing. Plantation forests - the product of the 'strategic reserve of timber' vision that held sway in the early twentieth century, and was turned into a physical reality by the Forestry Commission - are no longer fashionable. Today's forests are required to be sustainable, multi-purpose, and biologically diverse. They are expected to possess a 'spirit of place', be aesthetically pleasing, and help alleviate poverty and social exclusion in cities and remote rural areas. This book traces the changing fortune of forests and trees in Britain and people's changing relations with them. It investigates traditional woodland management practices, and considers how they came to be supplanted by scientific forestry knowledge and methods. It examines the development of the Forestry Commission and its body of foresters, looks at the symbolic function of forests and trees, and assesses the claim that present day forestry has become a postmodern phenomenon. A Critical Geography of Britain's State Forests will prove useful not only to foresters and nature conservationists, but to all those who are interested in how human beings socially and biophysically construct the environment, driven by a constant urge to find their place and meaning within it.
Applicatives and Benefactives: A Cognitive Account
Authors: Masayoshi Shibatani 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
My early readings in linguistics included one of Chuck Fillmore’s earliest writings, Indirect Object Constructions in English and the Ordering of Transformations (originally written in 1963), which took as its primary goal ‘to construct and incorporate within the grammar of English the means for correctly generating sentences containing indirect objects’-the sentence types exemplified by He gave me an umbrella and He bought me an umbrella. In his 1977 paper ‘The Case for Case Reopened,’ Chuck dealt with, among others, sentence alternations exemplified by Bees were swarming in the garden/ The garden was swarming with bees and I loaded hay onto the truck/ I loaded the truck with hay. What is common to these phenomena is the pattern of grammatical coding of apparently peripheral event participants or physical settings as central clausal arguments.
The Interpretation of Deverbal Nouns in Tepehua
Authors: Watters James K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There are several issues that face us in any attempt to account for the interpretation of deverbal nouns. Among these are the following: the relation of the argument structure of the base verb to that of the derived noun and the diachroni and synchronic narrowing or specification of meaning. The purpose of this paper is to briefly explore these issues with reference to nominalization processes found in Tepehua (Totonacan, Mexico), a language with a rich word-formation component, including extensive nominalization.
The Irrelevance of Moral Objectivity
Authors: Waldron Jeremy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
No one should infer from the title of this chapter that objectivity in the sense of fairness, impartiality, or even-handedness is being called irrelevant or unimportant in law or anywhere else. The sense of ‘objectivity’ I mean is less familiar than that. It is the sense invoked when people claim that some moral judgements are objectively true, while others are objectively false.
The Social Reception of Contact with English Now
Authors: Loveday Leo J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter the focus shifts from texts to the variation among community members in their interpretation and evaluation of the language contact taking place around them. Conclusions from the last chapter already indicate that intensive Anglicization is a predominantly orthographic phenomenon associated with the public spheres of marketing and media and does not extend to ordinary interaction in the speech community. It was also pointed out that the main types of foreign transfers in daily conversation, unlike those in the commercial domain, arose from the need to fill lexical gaps for mainly concrete, material referents; sinification, on the other hand, appears to be the preferred method for encoding abstract Western concepts. These findings suggest that the active creation and dissemination of contact vocabulary across the entire community is still extremely limited.The study of non-broadcast, daily interaction has not been attempted, because the collection and analysis of such data is fraught with innumerable methodological problems such as comparability in number of subjects, rates of speech, and context, and cannot lead to definitive conclusions. Instead, a discussion of the social reception of contemporary contact with English is offered based on the findings of a questionnaire answered by 461 informants (see Appendix 1). Before discussing these data, some general findings and comments concerning subgroup and attitudinal variation in Japanese society in relation to Anglicizing processes are set out. However, it must be pointed out that information in this area is scanty and that the following is based on personal observation combined with the limited material available.
The Functions of Language Contact in Japan Today
Authors: Loveday Leo J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The diverse purposes behind Japanese contact with the English language constitute the final topic to be dealt with in this work. Certain functions of Anglicization in media contexts can already be discerned from the description presented in Chapter 5, particularly as regards the switching and mixing of codes. Now it is necessary to shift the focus from the transferred items themselves to their producers, and to ponder why people choose to lexify with foreignisms. Such a functional perspective requires consideration of the stylistic and symbolic dimensions of contact behaviour, but because neither of these fields as yet offers a widely accepted, ready-made paradigm for approaching the problem, a novel, exploratory framework will be suggested.
Relativism and Self-Refutation
Authors: Fine Gail 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the most intriguing passages in the Theaetetus is 169d-171d, where Plato argues that Protagoras’s Measure Doctrine is self-refuting. It is unclear, however, precisely how to understand the Measure Doctrine; and it is correspondingly unclear whether Plato succeeds in refuting it.
In his twin articles ‘Protagoras and Self-Refutation in Later Greek Philosophy’ and ‘Protagoras and Self-Refutation in Plato’s Theaetetus’, Myles Burnyeat contrasts two interpretations of Protagoras.1 According to the interpretation he favours, Protagoras is a relativist ‘who maintained that every judgment is true for (in relation to) the person whose judgment it is’ (p. 172). According to the interpretation he rejects, Protagoras is a subjectivist who maintained that ‘every judgment is true simpliciter—true absolutely, not merely true for the person whose judgment it is’ (p. 46).2 Burnyeat argues not only that the historical Protagoras is a relativist, but also that that is how Plato portrays him in the Theaetetus.
Aristotle on Method and Moral Education
Authors: Kraut Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In a familiar passage in the Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle says that to make progress in the study of politics, we must begin with what is already known to us, and that good students of the subject therefore ought to have been brought up in good habits (I. 4. 1095b3–6). These words have suggested to some scholars that he recognizes a limitation in the arguments he will be presenting in the remainder of his work: he realizes that the premisses he will be using would not be granted by those who reject or are sceptical about the ethical life. He none the less restricts himself to these premisses, because he believes that there can be no good argument in defence of the ethical virtues that rests solely on premisses acceptable to all rational persons. Ethical activity is not a mere means to other goods; so there is no convincing defence of it that can be given to those who see no intrinsic value in it. Aristotle therefore comes to the conclusion that it is fruitless to address his lectures to everyone capable of fo11owing an argument.
Language Mixing by the Young Bilingual Child: Some Formal Aspects
Authors: Lanza Elizabeth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, the focus will be on some formal aspects of the bilingual child’s language mixing. By ‘form’ I refer to the linguistic expression of meaning. A formal description is a grammatical description of the various subsystems of language: phonology, morphology, and syntax. Language mixing in this chapter will refer to mixing at the morphological and syntactic levels in the child’s speech. Phonology, however, has been used as a key for language assignment (cf. 3.5.2).
Measurement and Computational Description
Authors: Fields Chris 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The mathematical theory of computation does not directly address the questions of whether, and if so, how physical processes might be characterized as computations, or physical systems characterized as computers. These questions lie at the heart, however, of the technology of computer design, and of empirical investigations in cognitive science, computational neuroscience, and other sciences concerned with the processing of information. Addressing these questions requires a theory not of computation per se, but of the computational description of physical systems. My purposes in the present paper are, first, to outline a theory of computational description that is based explicitly on the theory of physical measurement, and, second, to examine some consequences of this theory for some questions in the philosophy of computer science and artificial intelligence.
Ideologists of Superiority
Authors: Calvet Louis-Jean 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is easy to imagine that, when confronted by linguistic differences, human beings have always had a tendency to laugh at the customs of others, to consider their own language the most beautiful, the most effective, the most precise, in other words to convert the difference of other languages (for of course it is always the other person or language that is different) into inferiority. La Guerre dufeu (Quest for fire, 1981), a film which had worldwide success some years ago, showed ‘tribes’ speaking different languages, and could also have portrayed this kind of language conflict: you do not speak like me, therefore your speech is ridiculous. From all of this it is possible to take a further step and imagine the extension of war studies to prehistoric language wars.