bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytic acid oligomers as bio-based crosslinkers for epoxy and polyol resins
Authors: Böhm P. , Dornbusch M. , Gutmann J. S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn recent years, the chemical industry is not only striving to produce the best possible products for various applications, but the new products should ideally be based on renewable resources. The ideal case of "cradle to cradle" is generally not achievable in the coatings industry, as maximizing product life and preventing product degradation in the environment is usually one of the main goals of the coatings industry. Therefore, if the coatings industry wants to act sustainably, its efforts should be focused on renewable raw materials. This paper presents a process that makes the renewable raw material phytic acid easily accessible for conventional epoxy and polyol resin coating systems through hydrophobization- and oligomerization. Phytic acid, as a phosphorus reservoir in plants and with beneficial properties for corrosion protection and as a flame retardant, could be a new base for various coatings. In this work, a simple one-pot oligomerization of phytic acid with green mono- and difunctional alcohols is investigated. The aim of this work is to create a phytic acid hardener system based on renewable raw materials that can produce coatings with solvent-based epoxy and polyol binders as well as water-based epoxy binders. The successful reaction was observed by infrared, 1H-NMR, and 31P-NMR spectroscopy and the acid equivalent weight was determined by conductivity titration. The renewable curing agent was then used equivalently with different binder systems to prepare coatings. Crosslinking and glass transition temperature were monitored using oscillatory rheology. The coatings were applied to glass plates and the pendulum hardness was measured. A simple heating test followed by 31P-NMR and IR spectroscopy was also performed to demonstrate the stability of phytic acid under reaction conditions.
CD137L Inhibition Ameliorates Hippocampal Neuroinflammation and Behavioral Deficits in a Mouse Model of Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy
Authors: Qiu Fang , Liu Yueming , Liu Yang , Zhao Zhuyun , Zhou Lile , Chen Pengfei , Du Yunbo , Wang Yanmei , Sun Huimin , Zeng Changchun , Wang Xiaokang , Liu Yuqiang , Pan Haobo , Ke Changneng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAnxiety manifestations and cognitive dysfunction are common sequelae in patients with sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). Microglia-mediated inflammatory signaling is involved in anxiety, depression, and cognitive dysfunction during acute infection with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying microglia activation and behavioral and cognitive deficits in sepsis have not been in fully elucidated. Based on previous research, we speculated that the CD137 receptor/ligand system modulates microglia function during sepsis to mediate classical neurological SAE symptoms. A murine model of SAE was established by injecting male C57BL/6 mice with LPS, and cultured mouse BV2 microglia were used for in vitro assays. RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry, and ELISA were used to assess microglial activation and the expression of CD137L and inflammation-related cytokines in the mouse hippocampus and in cultured BV2 cells. In addition, behavioral tests were conducted in assess cognitive performance and behavioral distress. Immunofluorescence and RT-qPCR analyses showed that hippocampal expression of CD137L was upregulated in activated microglia following LPS treatment. Pre-treatment with the CD137L neutralizing antibody TKS-1 significantly reduced CD137L levels, attenuated the expression of M1 polarization markers in microglia, and inhibited the production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in both LPS-treated mice and BV2 cells. Conversely, stimulation of CD137L signaling by recombinant CD137-Fc fusion protein activated the synthesis and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in cultures BV2 microglia. Importantly, open field, elevated plus maze, and Y-maze spontaneous alternation test results indicated that TKS-1 administration alleviated anxiety-like behavior and spatial memory decline in mice with LPS-induced SAE. These findings suggest that CD137L upregulation in activated microglia critically contributes to neuroinflammation, anxiety-like behavior, and cognitive dysfunction in the mouse model of LPS-induced sepsis. Therefore, therapeutic modulation of the CD137L/CD137 signaling pathway may represent an effective way to minimize brain damage and prevent cognitive and emotional deficits associated with SAE.
Determination of ethyl glucuronide in hair and self-reported alcohol consumption in university students
Authors: Pascali Jennifer P. , Giorgetti Arianna , Pelletti Guido , Morini Luca , Mohamed Susan , Barbaresi Marta , Cecchi Rossana , Pelotti Susi , Fais Paolo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractYoung individuals constitute an intriguing population, as their drinking habits are notably shaped by their perception of their peers’ alcohol consumption. Nonetheless, excessive alcohol intake can have detrimental effects on academic performance, interpersonal relationships, and the risk and severity of accidents. This study reported the first data involving students enrolled from three universities on a voluntary basis for alcohol consumption evaluation. Alcohol consumption was assessed through questionnaires and EtG quantification in hair (hEtG) carried out by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis after a solid-phase extraction (SPE) purification step. The results of our study demonstrated that 77.1% of samples tested negative for hEtG or displayed hEtG ≤ 5 pg/mg. Particularly, the student population was not characterized by samples with hEtG indicative of chronic excessive consumption (hEtG ≥ 30 pg/mg). No significant association was identified between biological sex, among the degree course/the year attended, nor in relation to BMI or smoking/coffee consumption. Among the obtained results, it was worth noting that the comparison of self-reporting abstinence from tobacco and coffee accounted for 65.3% and 16.7%, respectively, while only 2.8% of the total declared abstinence from alcohol. The current study has uncovered a significant level of interest among students in this analysis and its interpretation. This suggests that implementing public health promotion activities within a university setting could be beneficial.
Livestock management at the Late Iron Age site of Baltarga (eastern Pyrenees): an integrated bio-geoarchaeological approach
Authors: Colominas Lídia , Portillo Marta , Morera Jordi , Oller Joan , Berrocal-Barberà Anna , Gallego-Valle Abel , López-Bultó Oriol , Messana Chiara , Sisa-López de Pablo Joaquim , Tornero Carlos , Olesti Oriol 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDespite the important role of livestock farming amongst Iron Age communities living in mountain regions, there is little information about livestock management, and particularly stabling practises, breeding systems, and grazing/foddering patterns. The study of the ground floor of Building G in Tossal de Baltarga has provided valuable insights into these important issues and has given us a better understanding of the social and economic patterns involved in all these livestock activities. It revealed the existence of a stable from the Late Iron Age, thanks to unique in situ finds of the stabled animals, including four sheep, a goat, and a horse, in addition to a range of organic remains preserved by fire and penning deposits. It is the first documented to date in the northeastern Iberian Peninsula. Through an integrated bio-geoarchaeological approach, combining a range of analytic procedures, including osteology, dental microwear, stable isotopes, phytoliths, dung spherulite analyses, and thin-section micromorphology, for the first time, this study has provided new, high-resolution evidence of livestock management strategies. Specifically, the research shed light on animal penning and feeding practises, revealing variable herbivorous regimes between species, the practise of seasonal movements, and the possible use of fodder as the main dietary regime of the animals stabled there. At the same time, the Baltarga case-study illustrates an indoor production unit that could reveal possible private control of some domestic animals in the Pyrenean Late Iron Age.
Model-based design and multidisciplinary optimization of complex system architectures in the aircraft cabin
Authors: Ghanjaoui Yassine , Fuchs Mara , Biedermann Jörn , Nagel Björn 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe aviation industry is currently facing major challenges due to environmental and socio-economic trends toward sustainable and digitalized aviation. Revolutionary, more powerful and efficient technologies must be rapidly integrated into aircraft, while aircraft manufacturers must demonstrate the required safety. To support the implementation of new concepts, the DLR Institute of System Architectures in Aeronautics is researching methods for end-to-end digitalization from the preliminary design phase to assembly and production. In this context, Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) and Multidisciplinary Design Optimization are important approaches for the development of complex systems. This paper presents a method for the end-to-end use of digital models for multidisciplinary optimization of system architectures. The Systems Modeling Language (SysML) is used to represent the system architecture. The focus is on the cabin and cabin systems, since they are highly coupled to other aircraft systems and have dynamic, customer-specific configuration requirements. The system architecture in SysML is instantiated and configured by the interface to the aircraft fuselage and cabin design parameter sets in the Common Parametric Configuration Schema. The subsequent coupling of the generated system architecture model with the cabin system design model developed in Matlab allows a multidisciplinary optimization of the system properties. A sensitivity analysis is performed using the Passenger Service Unit as an example. The effects of different cabin configurations on the system architecture are investigated and interdisciplinary synergies are identified and analyzed. The results of this analysis are discussed in this paper.
The effect of forager loss on honeybee workers temporal polyethism and social network structure
Authors: Beck Elias , Wenseleers Tom , Oliveira Ricardo Caliari 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe western honeybee Apis mellifera is perhaps the best-known example of an advanced eusocial species displaying temporal polyethism, a process in which workers perform different tasks in the colony as they age. Previous studies demonstrated that this temporal division of labour is not only regulated by the age of the bees but also by the proportion of workers performing the required tasks in the colony. As we progress through the Anthropocene, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change predicted that a significant increase in both the frequency and intensity of severe weather events can be expected in the coming decades. Here, we performed a controlled interrupted time series experiment with the objective of quantifying the possible effects that these weather events might have in the honeybee colony dynamics. By simulating a significant loss of foragers in the colony, we observed that honeybee workers quickly replaced the missing foragers by accelerating their transition to a subsequent task and, in some cases, completely skipped several of the natural task transitions with respect to their age. In addition, we analysed how the colony social network structure is affected by the sudden loss of foragers. Indeed, our data show that honeybee colonies increased their network cohesion with workers having a higher number of interactions as well as becoming more closely connected to one another soon after the disturbance. Overall, our data shows that even when faced with a substantial perturbation, honeybees can respond swiftly in order to maintain colony homeostasis and likely increase their resilience against future perturbations.
Potential of the Julia Programming Language for High Energy Physics Computing
Authors: Eschle Jonas , Gál Tamás , Giordano Mosè , Gras Philippe , Hegner Benedikt , Heinrich Lukas , Hernandez Acosta Uwe , Kluth Stefan , Ling Jerry , Mato Pere , Mikhasenko Mikhail , Moreno Briceño Alexander , Pivarski Jim , Samaras-Tsakiris Konstantinos , Schulz Oliver , Stewart Graeme Andrew , Strube Jan , Vassilev Vassil 
Published: October 2023

AbstractResearch in high energy physics (HEP) requires huge amounts of computing and storage, putting strong constraints on the code speed and resource usage. To meet these requirements, a compiled high-performance language is typically used; while for physicists, who focus on the application when developing the code, better research productivity pleads for a high-level programming language. A popular approach consists of combining Python, used for the high-level interface, and C++, used for the computing intensive part of the code. A more convenient and efficient approach would be to use a language that provides both high-level programming and high-performance. The Julia programming language, developed at MIT especially to allow the use of a single language in research activities, has followed this path. In this paper the applicability of using the Julia language for HEP research is explored, covering the different aspects that are important for HEP code development: runtime performance, handling of large projects, interface with legacy code, distributed computing, training, and ease of programming. The study shows that the HEP community would benefit from a large scale adoption of this programming language. The HEP-specific foundation libraries that would need to be consolidated are identified.
„Motivational interviewing“ als Gesprächsführungstechnik bei Adipositas
Authors: Schulze Sally , Arndt Marisa 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungPatient:innen mit Adipositas, die ihre Gesundheit verbessern möchten, müssen Lifestyle-Änderungen umsetzen und diese dauerhaft beibehalten. Um dieses Ziel zu erreichen, ist ein hohes Mass an Eigenmotivation erforderlich. Motivierende Gesprächsführung („motivational interviewing“ [MI]) ist eine erprobte Gesprächsführungstechnik, die bereits in den 1980er-Jahren für die Gesprächsführung mit suchterkrankten Menschen entwickelt wurde. Sie lässt sich auch bei Adipositas in Patientengesprächen einsetzen. Die Technik hilft, die Gesprächssituation für Behandelnde weniger konflikthaft und belastend zu gestalten. In diesem Artikel finden Sie beispielhafte Formulierungen, wie Sie ein Patientengespräch in verschiedenen Situationen gestalten können.
Beyond the biomedical: an evaluation of the introduction of social gerontology into a postgraduate geriatric medicine education program
Authors: Tomkow Louise , Thomson Alexander 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGeriatric Medicine education tends to adopt a biomedical lens, despite the practice of Geriatric Medicine involving the comprehensive assessment of the functional, psychological, and social aspects of older people’s lives. In this commentary, we describe the delivery of a Social Gerontology education program for Geriatric Medicine trainees in the Northwest of England. Education in Social Gerontology—a field that focuses on how social, cultural, economic, and environmental factors shape the lives of older adults—is thought to mitigate against ageism, a pervasive and multifaceted form of discrimination. We describe the rationale for, and context of, the program delivery, before presenting an overview of trainee’s feedback. Thematic analysis of feedback centered around three main themes: knowledge acquisition, change in clinical practice, and enjoyment of the sessions. Trainees (n = 20) reported enjoying the sessions, with 100% likely to recommend to peers. The focus on underserved groups, the novel content of the sessions, which were not taught elsewhere, and the non-medical perspective of the speakers were described as particularly valuable. By sharing our approach and reflecting on the early success of the program, we argue for an increased focus on Social Gerontology in Geriatric Medicine education.
Adequate Minority Place-Name Representation on Topographic Maps
Authors: Jordan Peter 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBesides representation of their place names in public space (in the linguistic landscape) on town signs, road signs, public buildings, etc., finding their names also on topographic maps, notably official topographic maps, is very important for autochthonous linguistic minorities residing in a place already for many generations. They regard this as recognizing their presence and their share in the place. It also means supporting their emotional ties to the place and is, thus, also in the interest of the majority since it strengthens the minority’s loyalty to the majority and their common political entity. Based on Ferjan Ormeling’s seminal work (Ormeling in Minority Toponyms on Maps. The Rendering of Linguistic Minority Toponyms on Topographic Maps of Western Europe (= Utrechtse geografische studies, 30). Utrecht, 1983), later literature and the author’s (together with Přemysl Mácha et al.) recent comparative study of southern Carinthia (Austria) and the Těšín/Cieszyn region (Czechia) (Jordan et al. 2021), the paper endeavors to substantiate that the following are criteria of an adequate minority place-name representation on topographic maps:Share of minority place names in local use represented on the mapConsistency of minority place-name representation across feature categoriesConsistency of minority place-name representation across map scalesVisual representation of minority in relation to majority place names
Feature selection using differential evolution for microarray data classification
Authors: Prajapati Sanjay , Das Himansu , Gourisaria Mahendra Kumar 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe dimensions of microarray datasets are very large, containing noise and redundancy. The problem with microarray datasets is the presence of more features compared to the number of samples, which adversely affects algorithm performance. In other words, the number of columns exceeds the number of rows. Therefore, to extract precise information from microarray datasets, a robust technique is required. Microarray datasets play a critical role in detecting various diseases, including cancer and tumors. This is where feature selection techniques come into play. In recent times, feature selection (FS) has gained significant importance as a data preparation method, particularly for high-dimensional data. It is preferable to address classification problems with fewer features while maintaining high accuracy, as not all features are necessary to achieve this goal. The primary objective of feature selection is to identify the optimal subset of features. In this context, we will employ the Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm. DE is a population-based stochastic search approach that has found widespread use in various scientific and technical domains to solve optimization problems in continuous spaces. In our approach, we will combine DE with three different classification algorithms: Random Forest (RF), Decision Tree (DT), and Logistic Regression (LR). Our analysis will include a comparison of the accuracy achieved by each algorithmic model on each dataset, as well as the fitness error for each model. The results indicate that when feature selection was used the results were better compared to the results where the feature selection was not used.
Spatial and Temporal Trends in Pancreatic Cancer Burden Attributable to High Body Mass Index at the Global and National Levels
Authors: Cao Fei , Li Feng , Shi Lei , Zhang Guoyao , Zhang Lei , Ma Tianjiang , Zhang Kexun 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To examine the spatiotemporal trends in pancreatic cancer (PC) disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and mortality attributable to high body-mass index (BMI) by age, gender, and countries from 1990 to 2019.

Methods
Data were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 results. We presented the annual number of PC DALYs and mortality, and corresponding age-standardized rates (ASDR and ASMR), which were further stratified by age, gender, and countries. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was computed to assess the longitudinal trends in ASRs.

Results
In 2019, 0.7 million DALYs and 31.9 thousand deaths worldwide were caused by PC attributable to high BMI, with the largest amount reported in high-income North America, Western Europe, and East Asia. The corresponding ASDR and ASMR were highest in females and in high SDI regions, while quite varied across countries. The global EAPC in ASDR and ASMR was 1.45 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 1.40, 1.50) and 1.44 (95% UI: 1.39, 1.49), respectively. Almost all involved countries demonstrated significant uptrends in ASRs from 1990 to 2019.

Conclusions
More productive efforts to reduce the impact of modifiable risk factors, such as overweight, should be undertaken, and thus effectively curb the rise of PC burden.
Financial literacy and financial well-being: Evidence from the US
Authors: Lusardi Annamaria , Streeter Jialu L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper examines financial literacy in the United States, using the 2021 National Financial Capability Study data. A large volume of papers have demonstrated the importance of financial knowledge and documented the low level of financial literacy in America. Using recent data collected during an unusual time when inflation was rising and the country was in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, we show that the knowledge of fundamental financial concepts continues to be low in the US, especially among people who are young, less educated, female, or not employed. Our analysis also highlights people’s lack of inflation knowledge and identifies the subgroups that are particularly vulnerable. Finally, we examine how financial literacy affects financial well-being and behaviors. Responses to the Big Three financial literacy questions are linked to important financial behaviors and outcomes, including planning for retirement, financial resilience, and not carrying too much debt.
Delegated legislation in the pandemic: further limits of a constitutional bargain revealed
Authors: Lock Daniella , de Londras Fiona , Hidalgo Pablo Grez 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe challenge that delegated legislation poses to parliamentary sovereignty and associated supremacy in the UK is purportedly addressed through what we term the ‘constitutional bargain of delegated law-making’. This has three elements: the proper limitation of delegation by Parliament through well-designed parent legislation; the exercise of self-restraint by the Executive in the use of delegated authority; and the enablement of meaningful scrutiny by Parliament. As a paradigm situation in which delegated law-making might be said to be necessary, the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic is an apposite context in which to assess the robustness of that bargain. Our analysis uses a sample of Westminster-generated pandemic-related secondary instruments as a peephole into the broader dynamics of this constitutional bargain and further reveals its significant frailties; frailties that are exposed, but not created, by the pandemic.