bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Phase II Basket Trial of Dual Anti–CTLA-4 and Anti–PD-1 Blockade in Rare Tumors (DART SWOG 1609 Cohort 47) in Patients with Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia
Authors: Patel Sandip P. , Othus Megan , Chae Young Kwang , Dennis Michael J. , Gordon Sarah , Mutch David , Samlowski Wolfram , Robinson William R. “Rusty” , Sharon Elad , Ryan Christopher , Lopez Gabby , Plets Melissa , Blanke Charles , Kurzrock Razelle 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
The efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade in gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) remains uncertain. We report the results of the GTN cohort of SWOG S1609 dual anti–CTLA-4 and anti–PD-1 blockade in rare tumors (DART).

Patients and Methods:
This prospective, open-label phase II trial evaluated ipilimumab plus nivolumab across multiple rare tumor cohorts, including GTN. Eligible patients received nivolumab 240 mg, i.v. every 2 weeks and ipilimumab 1 mg/kg i.v. every 6 weeks. The primary endpoint was overall response rate [ORR; complete response (CR) + partial response (PR)] by quantitative serum beta human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG); secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and toxicity.

Results:
Four patients with refractory GTN enrolled and received therapy. At 11 months of ongoing follow-up, 3 of 4 patients responded [ORR = 75% (CR, 25%, n = 1, tumor mutation burden = 1 mutation/megabase; PD-L1 tumor proportion score = 50%); PR, 50%, n = 2)]. Responders included malignant gestational trophoblastic neoplasm (n = 1, CR, PFS 11+ months) and choriocarcinoma (n = 2, both PRs, PFS 10+ and 6+ months). One patient with epithelioid trophoblastic tumor experienced disease progression. The 6-month PFS was 75% [95% confidence interval (CI), 43%–100%], and the median PFS was not reached (range, 35–339+ days); all 4 patients were alive at last follow-up. Two patients experienced grade 3 immune-related toxicity (arthralgia and colitis); there were no grade ≥4 events.

Conclusions:
Ipilimumab plus nivolumab demonstrated efficacy in chemotherapy-refractory GTN, an ultra-rare cancer affecting young women. Three of 4 patients achieved ongoing objective responses with a reasonable safety profile at 6–11+ months.
Uma canção que ninguém escreveu: quatro reflexões sobre intertextualidade em Uma Canção de Marcelo Segreto
Authors: Brandão Paulo de Tarso 
Published: October 2023

Partindo dos conceitos de intertextualidade e dialogismo, o presente artigo faz uma breve análise da música “Uma Canção” composta por Marcelo Segreto, que abre o disco Rádio Lixão da banda paulista Filarmônica de Pasárgada. Analisando o procedimento composicional utilizado por Marcelo Segreto surgem quatro reflexões que são desenvolvidas: 1º - O conceito de intertextualidade e seu uso enquanto recurso composicional; 2º - O conceito de autoria e sua problemática no campo da arte pós-moderna; 3º - O uso da paródia e da apropriação em Uma Canção como fator de ambivalência com relação à tradição da canção; 4º- A influência tropicalista no processo composicional de Uma Canção. Estas quatro reflexões, autônomas entre si, confluem para uma reflexão maior que subjaz ao texto: Como as ferramentas intertextuais podem servir ao processo de composição de canções.
Chronology of Violas according to Researchers
Authors: Ferreira João de Araújo 
Published: October 2023

This work aims to reinvestigate, organize and centralize translations of terms cited by researchers as related to the ancestry of “VIOLAS”: belted box chordophones, better known for being part of orchestras - the so-called “family of violins”, where they are “bowed” instruments, that is, played primarily by bow - but also chordophones of similar shape, “fingered” (played directly by the fingers or some objects popularly called plectrum, as guitar picks).
It was observed that most scholars would have assumed that “viola” and its variations in different languages would have been just names of bowed instruments, among other inaccuracies repeated in a chain for centuries, so it would be necessary to point out these situations in order to subsidize new studies in several areas of Science. The developments were based on the Dialectical Methodology and the historical-social contexts were estimated from the oldest records found for each variation of names, in the main European languages, since Latin used at 2nd century BC. The database was created through extensive research of sources pointed out by different types of researches at different times.
Among the main reasons for carrying out this kind of reinvestigation is to include in previous investigative equations new factors such as the possibility of the existence of fingered instruments in the records. The main processes carried out were: reanalyze translations most used in publications; observe changes and variations of names among the different languages and identify possible patterns over the period.
John Wyclif’s Principium Biblicum Revisited
Authors: Fidora Alexander 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
John Wyclif’s principium biblicum, that is to say, his inception speech as a Master of Theology at Oxford, dating from 1372/1373, has received scant scholarly attention. Discovered and edited in the 1960s by Beryl Smalley, it has long been considered a typical representative of its genre. A closer look at Wyclif’s text in the light of current principia-scholarship, and in particular of Robert Grosseteste’s recently identified inception speech, shows, however, that Wyclif’s principium biblicum is all but traditional. Its far-reaching claims concerning the importance of a thorough philosophical training as a prerequisite for the study of the Bible, as well as for that of theology, make this principium stand out amongst medieval inception speeches.
The Noblest Complexion
Authors: Lička Lukáš 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This article examines an uncommon materialist argument preserved in late medieval Prague quodlibets by Matthias of Knín (1409) and Prokop of Kladruby (1417). The argument connects the Galenic claim that the human body has the noblest and best-balanced complexion possible with the Alexandrist claim that the human rational soul emerges from such well-balanced matter without any supernatural intervention. Of the various medieval renderings of these claims, John Wyclif’s De compositione hominis is singled out as the most probable source of the argument. Far from attributing plain materialism to Wyclif, the article highlights a semimaterialist position, mentioned in two fifteenth-century De anima commentaries of Prague origin, grafting the immortal spirit postulate onto an Alexandrist-like doctrine of the intellect as educed from the harmoniously complexioned body. Finally, it is argued that this semimaterialist position may not only encapsulate how Bohemian masters read Wyclif, but also be close to Wyclif’s actual anthropological stance.
What Blocked the UN’s Response to the Earthquakes in Northwest Syria? Reflections on a Humanitarian System Premised on Government Consent
Authors: Barber Rebecca 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This article reflects on the UN response to the earthquakes in Türkiye and Syria in February 2023, and specifically the fact that while the UN responded immediately in southern Türkiye, it did not do so in non-government-controlled northwest Syria. The UN explained that its ‘longstanding position’ was that aid could not be delivered across an international border without host government consent or Security Council authorisation. This article seeks to understand this position. It reviews the law applicable to cross-border humanitarian assistance, and the guidelines and tools that shape the UN’s emergency response. It argues that international law allows cross-border humanitarian assistance without host State consent; however, that the UN’s guidelines and tools do not facilitate the provision of assistance in such a scenario. The article concludes by calling for a review of the law, policies and guidelines that shape the way the UN responds to rapid-onset disasters in conflict contexts.
A New Comprehensive Two-Volume Study on Theories of International Relations in Bulgarian
Authors: Konstantinov Emil Georgiev 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The two-volume study, authored and edited by Professor Gotchev, presents a broad range of theoretical approaches and frameworks of analysis in International Relations (IR) and is the most comprehensive textbook on the study of IR theories in Bulgarian. The first volume surveys the essence of political research and philosophical aspects of social science, the grand debates in IR and the main approaches—realism, liberalism, and Marxism. It also reviews critical IR theory and examines the importance of international political economy in the discipline of IR. The second volume, which is a collection of essays written by six different US and European scholars, is organised in five different sections and focuses on a broad range of grand approaches to IR and middle-range theories. The former include constructivism, the English School, postmodernism and poststructuralism, feminism, and green theory; the latter deal with a broad set of frameworks, such as behavioural, psychological and integration theories, theories of foreign policy, cooperation, alliances, and international organisations. Special attention is paid to geopolitics.
Du Bois’s Black Reconstruction: The Black Worker and Racist False Consciousness
Authors: Garrido Carlos L. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
For W.E.B. Du Bois, the greatest factor preventing the unity of the working-class—both in the US and in the international scale—was racism. In this paper, I argue that Du Bois’s analysis of racism (along with the American assumption) is best understood as a form of what the Marxist tradition calls false consciousness—a comprehensive ideological operation whereby the dominant social order reflects itself in a topsy-turvy appearance integral for the reproduction of the existing state of affairs. A paradoxical situation arises—while united class struggle is stifled by these forms of false consciousness—only through class struggle can they be overcome. The destruction of false consciousness in general—and racist false consciousness in particular—is a process, not a singular spontaneous event. It is attained through the transformation in the mode of life one is engaged in when they dedicate their life to the struggle for the working-class’ conquest of political power. In the process of developing his analysis of the U.S. class struggle and the role of the struggle against racism within it, this paper argues that Du Bois grasps the pulse of the determinate forms the class struggle takes in the U.S. in a manner which prompts his labeling as the founder of ‘American Marxism.’
Association between the ratio of serum creatinine to cystatin C and bone mineral density in middle-aged and older adults: a cross-sectional study from NHANES database
Authors: Wang Zhenwei , Du Weibin , Ou Yuanbin , Han Meichun , Hu Jintao , Quan Renfu 
Published: October 2023

Objective To investigate the association between creatinine to cystatin C ratio (CCR) and bone mineral density (BMD) in middle-aged and older adults. Methods This cross-sectional study investigated participants aged 50–85, using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 1999 to 2002. The correlation between CCR and total BMD was assessed by multivariate linear regression models, using stratified analysis by age, sex and race (Mexican American, other Hispanic, non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and other race) to distinguish various special populations. Results Among 2992 patients, multiple regression models revealed a significant positive correlation between CCR and total BMD: model 1, 0.030 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.029, 0.031); model 2, 0.009 (95% CI 0.008, 0.010); model 3, 0.010 (95% CI 0.009, 0.013). After controlling for all covariates, a positive correlation was observed between CCR and total BMD in both men and women, and was further strengthened in older age groups. When stratifying by race, the positive correlation was most significant among ‘other Hispanic’ participants; there was no significant correlation among those of ‘other race’. Conclusions A positive correlation was demonstrated between CCR and total BMD in middle-aged and older adults aged 50–85 years, with the most significant positive correlation in the older ‘other Hispanic’ population. No significant correlation was observed among participants of ‘other race’.
Effect of Short Course Caffeine on Recurrence of Apnea of Prematurity in Preterm Infants Less than 32 Weeks: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Pradhap K. , Solaiappan M. , Ramya S. , Muthukumaran N. 
Published: October 2023

Objectives Though caffeine is the preferred drug for apnea of prematurity for decades, the timing of discontinuation of caffeine therapy is still unknown. The proportion of ‘Recurrence of Apnea of Prematurity’(RAP) after stopping caffeine, in the short course group and long course group was compared. Methods Eligible neonates were randomized into two groups: short course group-caffeine was stopped when babies were off respiratory support and apnea free for 7 consecutive days and long course group-stopped at 34 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA) if they were off respiratory support and apnea free for 7 consecutive days. Proportion of neonates with RAP in each group was analyzed. Results There were 87 neonates in each group. The proportion of neonates with RAP was [(12.6% vs 4.6%); odds ratio (OR) 3.0 (0.92–9.8) and p = 0.06] not statistically significant between the groups. However, in the subgroup analysis of 26–28-week infants, the incidence of RAP was significantly higher (p = 0.038). Cumulative duration of therapy was less by 13.77 days in short course group babies. The incidence of intermittent hypoxemia was significantly more (p = 0.003) in short course group. The incidence of adverse effects that include feed intolerance, hyperglycemia, tachycardia, osteopenia and EUGR were also significantly more in the long course group. Conclusions There was no statistically significant difference in RAP when caffeine was discontinued earlier when compared to the long course regimen. Larger non-inferiority, multicentric trials are required particularly in extremely preterm infants to make strong recommendations on stopping therapy.
Naloxegol versus Methylnaltrexone for Opioid-Induced Constipation in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Tobben Daniel , Carpenter Sheniece , Kolar Rachel , Merritt Tyler , Young Tramaine , Hauser Paloma , Collier Tia 
Published: October 2023

Background: Constipation impacts 58% to 83% of critically ill patients and is associated with increased time on mechanical ventilation, delirium, and increased length of stay (LOS) in the intensive care unit (ICU). Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of enteral naloxegol (NGL) versus subcutaneous methylnaltrexone (MNTX) for the management of opioid-induced constipation (OIC) in critically ill patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on adult patients admitted to the ICU who received a parenteral opioid infusion for at least 4 hours and experienced no bowel movement (BM) within the 48-hour period preceding the administration of NGL or MNTX. The primary outcome was time to first BM from the start of NGL or MNTX therapy. Secondary outcomes included number of BMs 72 hours following NGL or MNTX administration, ICU LOS, and cost-effectiveness. Results: After exclusion criteria were applied, 110 and 51 patients were included in the NGL and MNTX groups, respectively. With a 10% noninferiority margin, NGL was noninferior to MNTX (Wald statistic = 1.67; P = 0.047). Median time to first BM was 23.7 hours for NGL and 18.3 hours for MNTX patients. Median LOS was 14 days (NGL) and 12 days (MNTX), and the average number of BMs in 72 hours was 3.9 for NGL and 3.8 for MNTX. Using wholesale acquisition cost (WAC), the cost per BM for NGL and MNTX was $21.74 and $170.00, respectively. Conclusion and relevance: This study determined that NGL and MNTX had similar time to BM. NGL appears to be a safe and effective alternative with cost-saving potential in treating OIC in critically ill patients.
Risk of Pancreatitis With Incretin Therapies Versus Thiazolidinediones in the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Wilhite Kristen , Reid Jennifer Meyer , Lane Matthew 
Published: October 2023

Background: Incretin therapies, comprised of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), have been increasingly utilized for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Previous studies have conflicting results regarding risk of pancreatitis associated with these agents—some suggest an increased risk and others find no correlation. Adverse event reporting systems indicate that incretin therapies are some of the most common drugs associated with reports of pancreatitis. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the odds of developing pancreatitis in veterans with T2DM prescribed an incretin therapy versus thiazolidinediones (TZDs: pioglitazone and rosiglitazone) within the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study analyzing veterans with T2DM first prescribed an incretin therapy or a TZD between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2021. A diagnosis of pancreatitis within 365 days of being prescribed either therapy was counted as a positive case. Data was collected and analyzed utilizing VA’s Informatics and Computing Infrastructure (VINCI) and an adjusted odds ratio was calculated. Results: The TZD cohort consisted of 42 912 patients compared with the incretin cohort of 304 811 patients. The TZD cohort had a pancreatitis incidence rate of 1.94 cases per 1000 patients. The incretin cohort had a incidence rate of 2.06 cases per 1000 patients. An adjusted odds ratio found no statistical difference of pancreatitis cases between the TZD and incretin cohorts (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.94, 95% CI [0.75, 1.18]). Conclusion and Relevance: This retrospective cohort study of national VHA data found a relatively low incidence of pancreatitis in both cohorts, and an adjusted odds ratio found no statistical difference of pancreatitis in patients prescribed an incretin therapy compared with a control group. This data adds to growing evidence that incretin therapies do not seem to be associated with an increased risk of developing pancreatitis.
The MoxFo initiative—Mechanisms of action: Biomarkers in multiple sclerosis exercise studies
Authors: Rosenkranz Sina C , Ploughman Michelle , Hvid Lars G , Zimmer P. , Erickson K. , Stellmann Jan-Patrick , Centonze Diego , Friese Manuel A 
Published: October 2023

Background: As exercise exerts neurobiological and immunomodulatory effects, it might also act as a disease-modifying intervention in MS. However, a clear mechanistic link between exercise and disease-modifying effects in MS has yet to be established. Objective: Establish recommendations for future mechanistic exercise studies in MS. Methods: In regular meetings, members of the mechanisms of action group within the MoXFo (Moving eXercise research Forward in MS) initiative evaluated gaps of knowledge and discussed unmet needs in mechanistic MS research. Results: We concluded that biomarkers assessed in translational studies in humans and animals are essential to decipher the underlying mechanisms of exercise in MS. Consequently, we defined clear definitions of different types of biomarkers examined in MS exercise studies and operationalized their use to align with the research question and optimal testing time points. Furthermore, we provide key considerations to improve the rigor of translational studies and defined minimal reporting criteria for animal studies. Conclusion: The resulting recommendations are intended to improve the quality of future mechanistic exercise studies in MS and consequently lead to a better understanding of therapeutic approaches.
Indoor PM2.5 concentrations in various retail stores in an urban city: Levels, sources and health risk assessment
Authors: Eraslan Fatma Nur , Özden Üzmez Özlem , Gaga Eftade O 
Published: October 2023

This study provides information about PM2.5 indoor–outdoor mass concentrations, indoor/outdoor ratios (I/O) and health risks associated with PM2.5 inhalation in seven various retail stores: photocopy centre, bakery, restaurant, hairdresser, dry cleaner, grocery store and hotel. Simultaneous indoor and outdoor measurements were performed in all retail stores in both summer and winter seasons, weekdays and weekends, and also during busy and less-active hours to obtain a realistic exposure assessment. According to the results, indoor PM2.5 levels in the winter season were comparatively higher than those measured in the summer season. The highest PM2.5 concentrations were measured at the hairdresser (3076.0 ± 1345.5 µg/m3) and restaurant (2138.1 ± 636.4 µg/m3) in each sampling period in winter. I/O ratios of >1 were obtained at the hairdresser (7.3–72.3) and restaurant (1.6–17.3) in the winter season and at the hairdresser (1.3–12.7) and dry cleaner (1.1–1.7) in the summer season in all measurement periods. Quite high indoor PM2.5 concentrations and consequently high I/O ratios indicated a strong contribution from indoor sources rather than infiltration of ambient air. Non-carcinogenic health risks due to PM2.5 exposure were evaluated by estimating hazard quotient (HQ) values, and all HQ values were above the acceptable limit of 1 defined by US EPA for the photocopy centre, hairdresser and dry cleaner in both seasons. The results showed that indoor activities at the retail stores were significant for indoor PM2.5 levels as well as occupational health risks faced by employees at retail stores.