bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introducing a new pathosystem for marine pathogens – the green alga Urospora neglecta and its pathogen Sirolpidium litorale sp. nov.
Authors: Buaya Anthony T. , Tsai Ichen , Klochkova Tatyana A. , Thines Marco 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHolocarpic oomycetes, which had fallen into relative scientific obscurity for quite some time, recently regained scientific interest. Among these organisms, some stand out for infecting commercially valuable red algae, such as the nori algae of the genus Pyropia, rendering them economically significant. After having observed simple holocarpic pathogens of green algae in previous sampling trips, most of which we could not fully characterise due to their scarcity, we now discovered a parasite of the widespread littoral green algae Urospora neglecta. This previously unnoticed parasite turned out to be distinct from another green algae-infesting species, Sirolpidium bryopsidis. This finding led us to formally describe it as Sirolpidium litorale, marking the first new species of holocarpic oomycetes of green algae to be found on the shores of Blávík, East Iceland. The ease of cultivation of U. neglecta offers a unique opportunity to establish a genetically tractable system for studying how Sirolpidium interacts with algae. This could help uncover the underlying mechanisms behind the pathogenicity of the species of this genus and provide valuable insights into their ecological roles and evolutionary history.
Performance of artificial intelligence-based software for the automatic detection of lung lesions on chest radiographs of patients with suspected lung cancer
Authors: Takamatsu Atsushi , Ueno Midori , Yoshida Kotaro , Kobayashi Takeshi , Kobayashi Satoshi , Gabata Toshifumi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the commercially available artificial intelligence-based software CXR-AID for the automatic detection of pulmonary nodules on the chest radiographs of patients suspected of having lung cancer.

Materials and methods
This retrospective study included 399 patients with clinically suspected lung cancer who underwent CT and chest radiography within 1 month between June 2020 and May 2022. The candidate areas on chest radiographs identified by CXR-AID were categorized into target (properly detected areas) and non-target (improperly detected areas) areas. The non-target areas were further divided into non-target normal areas (false positives for normal structures) and non-target abnormal areas. The visibility score, characteristics and location of the nodules, presence of overlapping structures, and background lung score and presence of pulmonary disease were manually evaluated and compared between the nodules detected or undetected by CXR-AID. The probability indices calculated by CXR-AID were compared between the target and non-target areas.

Results
Among the 450 nodules detected in 399 patients, 331 nodules detected in 313 patients were visible on chest radiographs during manual evaluation. CXR-AID detected 264 of these 331 nodules with a sensitivity of 0.80. The detection sensitivity increased significantly with the visibility score. No significant correlation was observed between the background lung score and sensitivity. The non-target area per image was 0.85, and the probability index of the non-target area was lower than that of the target area. The non-target normal area per image was 0.24. Larger and more solid nodules exhibited higher sensitivities, while nodules with overlapping structures demonstrated lower detection sensitivities.

Conclusion
The nodule detection sensitivity of CXR-AID on chest radiographs was 0.80, and the non-target and non-target normal areas per image were 0.85 and 0.24, respectively. Larger, solid nodules without overlapping structures were detected more readily by CXR-AID.
Umweltverhalten mit Hand und Fuss(-abdruck)
Authors: Ernst Andreas 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Klimaerwärmung stellt Gesellschaften ebenso wie Individuen vor bislang völlig unzureichend gelöste Probleme. Nullemissionen von Treibhausgasen sind zwar notwendig und werden politisch auch angestrebt, dennoch steigen sie immer schneller an. Um eine Transformation zur Nachhaltigkeit zu erreichen, ist ein sozialer Kipppunkt nötig. Bereits bekannte soziale Kipppunkte aus der jüngeren Vergangenheit sowie Hindernisse auf dem Weg zur Nachhaltigkeit werden vorgestellt. Der Fußabdruck bezeichnet den individuellen Umweltverbrauch. Er wird ergänzt um den Handabdruck, der bürgerschaftliches Engagement und politischen Aktivismus zur Veränderung der systemischen, nicht-nachhaltigen Zwänge meint. Ethisches Coaching wird als eine Form des Handabdrucks vorgeschlagen.
Integrating State of the Art Zirconia Thermal Barriers with Ytterbium Silicate Environmental Barriers for Silicon-Based Ceramic Turbine Components
Authors: Gildersleeve Edward J. , Bakan Emine , Vaßen Robert 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAs gas turbine firing temperatures continue to increase for the sake of improved operating efficiency, the material's transition from Ni-based superalloy components toward ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) is concurrently in progress. Due to the complex nature of the turbine operating environment (envisaged ultrahigh temperatures, presence of water vapor, etc.), coating solutions for these CMCs are still on the forefront of design optimizations. Typically, rare-earth (RE) silicate environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) have been utilized to protect the CMCs from impinging water vapor; however, they lack the thermal insulation properties to enable continued use of simple and/or easily accessible bond coat materials (i.e., silicon). Combined thermal-environmental barrier coatings (T-EBCs) are such a multifaceted surface solution. T-EBCs have been considered in the past, but to this point have not been demonstrated to be technologically robust either due to high implementation costs or complex processing. This study utilizes and combines straightforward and well-established processes—such as plasma-sprayed 7 wt.% yttria-stabilized zirconia—to demonstrate the feasibility of MultiLayered T-EBCs comprised of zirconia-based oxides and RE silicate EBCs in a single coating. The results show that despite high thermal mismatch strains, the structures cannot only be deposited, but also in certain circumstances sustain cyclic thermomechanical loading.
Preserving Derivative Information while Transforming Neuronal Curves
Authors: Athey Thomas L. , Tward Daniel J. , Mueller Ulrich , Younes Laurent , Vogelstein Joshua T. , Miller Michael I. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe international neuroscience community is building the first comprehensive atlases of brain cell types to understand how the brain functions from a higher resolution, and more integrated perspective than ever before. In order to build these atlases, subsets of neurons (e.g. serotonergic neurons, prefrontal cortical neurons etc.) are traced in individual brain samples by placing points along dendrites and axons. Then, the traces are mapped to common coordinate systems by transforming the positions of their points, which neglects how the transformation bends the line segments in between. In this work, we apply the theory of jets to describe how to preserve derivatives of neuron traces up to any order. We provide a framework to compute possible error introduced by standard mapping methods, which involves the Jacobian of the mapping transformation. We show how our first order method improves mapping accuracy in both simulated and real neuron traces under random diffeomorphisms. Our method is freely available in our open-source Python package brainlit.
Progression of Retinal Ganglion Cell and Nerve Fiber Layer Loss in Spinocerebellar Ataxia 3 Patients
Authors: Camós-Carreras Anna , Figueras-Roca Marc , Dotti-Boada Marina , Alcubierre Rafel , Casaroli-Marano Ricardo Pedro , Muñoz Esteban , Sánchez-Dalmau Bernardo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSpectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) allows noninvasive measurements of retinal neuron layers. Here, we evaluate the relationship between clinical features and anatomical SD-OCT measurements in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) and how they change with time. A retrospective review was conducted on SCA3 patients. Clinical variables such as disease duration, number of CAG repeats, and the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) score were correlated with SD-OCT measurements, including retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness, macular volume (MV), and central macular thickness (CMT). Seventeen SCA3 patients with an average follow-up of 44.9 months were recruited. Clinical features with significant baseline correlations with SD-OCT measurements included disease duration (CMT r =  − 0.590; GCC r =  − 0.585), SARA score (CMT r =  − 0.560; RNFL r =  − 0.390), and number of CAG repeats (MV r =  − 0.552; RNFL r =  − 0.503; GCC r =  − 0.493). The annual rate of change of the SARA score during follow-up was associated with that of both the MV (r =  − 0.494; p = 0.005) and GCC thickness (r =  − 0.454; p = 0.012). High disability (stages 2 and 3) was independently inversely associated with the annual change in MV (ß coefficient − 17.09; p = 0.025). This study provides evidence of an association between clinical features and objective anatomical measurements obtained by SD-OCT in SCA3 patients. MV and GCC thickness could serve as potential biomarkers of disease severity, as their rates of decrease seem to be related to a worsening in the SARA score. These findings highlight the potential of SD-OCT as a noninvasive tool for assessing disease severity and progression in SCA3 patients.
Sympathetic-Mediated Intestinal Cell Death Contributes to Gut Barrier Impairment After Stroke
Authors: Prame Kumar Kathryn , McKay Liam D. , Nguyen Huynh , Kaur Jasveena , Wilson Jenny L. , Suthya Althea R. , McKeown Sonja J. , Abud Helen E. , Wong Connie H. Y. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTissue injury induced by stroke is traditionally thought to be localised to the brain. However, there is an accumulating body of evidence to demonstrate that stroke promotes pathophysiological consequences in peripheral tissues including the gastrointestinal system. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying gut permeability after stroke. We utilised the clinically relevant experimental model of stroke called permanent intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) to examine the effect of cerebral ischaemia on the gut. We detected stroke-induced gut permeability at 5 h after pMCAO. At this timepoint, we observed significantly elevated intestinal epithelial cell death in post-stroke mice compared to their sham-operated counterparts. At 24 h after stroke onset when the gut barrier integrity is restored, our findings indicated that post-stroke intestinal epithelium had higher expression of genes associated with fructose metabolism, and hyperplasia of intestinal crypts and goblet cells, conceivably as a host compensatory mechanism to adapt to the impaired gut barrier. Furthermore, we discovered that stroke-induced gut permeability was mediated by the activation of the sympathetic nervous system as pharmacological denervation decreased the stroke-induced intestinal epithelial cell death, goblet cell and crypt hyperplasia, and gut permeability to baseline levels. Our study identifies a previously unknown mechanism in the brain-gut axis by which stroke triggers intestinal cell death and gut permeability.
Vacuum Packaging Sensor Based on Time-Resolved Phosphorescence Spectroscopy
Authors: Heydari Esmaeil , Yari Fatemeh , Zare-Behtash Hossein 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntelligent food packaging with the multisensory analysis is promising as the next generation technology of food packaging. The oxygen content in food packaging is one of the crucial parameters affecting the food quality and shelf life. Caviar is among the most nutritious and costly food sources. Here, a photonic oxygen-sensing system, based on the time-resolved phosphorescence spectroscopy of a platinum complex, is developed for non-contact, non-intrusive, and real-time vacuum packaging quality control, and implemented for caviar packaging. The sensor is embedded in protective polyethylene layers and excited with a short-pulsed light emitting diode (LED) source. Integration of a blue pulsed light source, a fast and amplified silicon photodiode controlled by the Spartan-6 field programmable gate array (FPGA), and a long lifetime platinum complex results in a photonics-based oxygen sensor with a fast response and high sensitivity to the vacuum packaging damage, which is suitable for caviar. It is revealed that applying the polyethylene layers protects the caviar from the platinum complex, leaching while not interfering with the sensor functionality. Characterizing the photonic system based on its sensitivity, repeatability, stability, and long-term operation demonstrates its capability for this application.
Advances of Electrochemical and Electrochemiluminescent Sensors Based on Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Cao Yue , Wu Ru , Gao Yan-Yan , Zhou Yang , Zhu Jun-Jie 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs), a rapidly developing category of crystalline conjugated organic polymers, possess highly ordered structures, large specific surface areas, stable chemical properties, and tunable pore microenvironments. Since the first report of boroxine/boronate ester-linked COFs in 2005, COFs have rapidly gained popularity, showing important application prospects in various fields, such as sensing, catalysis, separation, and energy storage. Among them, COFs-based electrochemical (EC) sensors with upgraded analytical performance are arousing extensive interest. In this review, therefore, we summarize the basic properties and the general synthesis methods of COFs used in the field of electroanalytical chemistry, with special emphasis on their usages in the fabrication of chemical sensors, ions sensors, immunosensors, and aptasensors. Notably, the emerged COFs in the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) realm are thoroughly covered along with their preliminary applications. Additionally, final conclusions on state-of-the-art COFs are provided in terms of EC and ECL sensors, as well as challenges and prospects for extending and improving the research and applications of COFs in electroanalytical chemistry.
Flexible and Robust Functionalized Boron Nitride/Poly(p-Phenylene Benzobisoxazole) Nanocomposite Paper with High Thermal Conductivity and Outstanding Electrical Insulation
Authors: Tang Lin , Ruan Kunpeng , Liu Xi , Tang Yusheng , Zhang Yali , Gu Junwei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWith the rapid development of 5G information technology, thermal conductivity/dissipation problems of highly integrated electronic devices and electrical equipment are becoming prominent. In this work, “high-temperature solid-phase & diazonium salt decomposition” method is carried out to prepare benzidine-functionalized boron nitride (m-BN). Subsequently, m-BN/poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) nanofiber (PNF) nanocomposite paper with nacre-mimetic layered structures is prepared via sol–gel film transformation approach. The obtained m-BN/PNF nanocomposite paper with 50 wt% m-BN presents excellent thermal conductivity, incredible electrical insulation, outstanding mechanical properties and thermal stability, due to the construction of extensive hydrogen bonds and π–π interactions between m-BN and PNF, and stable nacre-mimetic layered structures. Its λ∥ and λ⊥ are 9.68 and 0.84 W m−1 K−1, and the volume resistivity and breakdown strength are as high as 2.3 × 1015 Ω cm and 324.2 kV mm−1, respectively. Besides, it also presents extremely high tensile strength of 193.6 MPa and thermal decomposition temperature of 640 °C, showing a broad application prospect in high-end thermal management fields such as electronic devices and electrical equipment.
Combined effects of elevated air temperature and CO2 on growth, yield, and yield components of japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Yamaguchi Masahiro , Tazoe Nobuyuki , Nakayama Tomoki , Yonekura Tetsushi , Izuta Takeshi , Kohno Yoshihisa 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn the region where heat stress has become evident, the elevation of air temperature could reduce yield of heat stress-susceptible crops, such as rice (Oryza sativa L.), which is a major food staple in Asia. In addition to air temperature, atmospheric CO2 is projected to be elevated in the future. To project rice yield in the future, it is necessary to clarify the responses of rice to concurrent elevations of air temperature and atmospheric CO2. In the present study, two japonica rice cultivars with different heat tolerance, Hinohikari (sensitive) and Nikomaru (tolerant), were grown in pots inside open-top chambers and exposed to elevated air temperature and/or CO2. The degrees of increase in the air temperature and CO2 concentration by the treatments were approximately 1 °C and 120 µmol mol−1 (ppm). The study was conducted in Nagasaki, Japan, where heat stress on rice has become evident. Elevated air temperature significantly decreased both whole-plant growth and grain yield. Elevated CO2 significantly increased the growth but significantly decreased the yield. The effects of elevated air temperature and elevated CO2 on growth and yield did not significantly differ between two cultivars. In both cultivars, the main cause of yield reduction by both treatments was reduction in spikelet fertility, which is typical heat stress on rice. The elevated CO2-induced reduction in spikelet fertility could be explained partially by high-temperature regime during flowering due to acceleration of heading and by increase in canopy temperature via stomatal closure in flag leaves. Because elevated air temperature and elevated CO2 treatments additively reduced spikelet fertility in both cultivars, concurrent elevations of air temperature and CO2 caused considerable reduction in grain yield.
Animo nullius: on AI's origin story and a data colonial doctrine of discovery
Authors: Penn Jonnie 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper traces elements of the theoretical origins of artificial intelligence to capitalism, not neurophysiology. It considers efforts in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries to formalize a science of mental behaviour using the dynamics of social rather than neural phenomena. I first revisit early American theorists’ controversial ambivalence toward neurophysiology, showing how this group benefited from post-war corporate and military investments in commercial and imperial expansion, which sustained and expanded their influence over the emerging field. I then trace the lasting effect of the founders’ early rhetoric through AI's institutionalization after 1960, arguing that from the 2010s technology corporations set out to veil their enclosure of the data commons via appeal to a curious precedent: the scientific pedigree of AI. By relating the field to the history of capitalism, and specifically the rise of assetization in modern technoscience, I invite reflection on AI's origin story and on broader parallels between historical colonialism and data colonialism. I offer a heuristic –animo nullius, for ‘no persons’ mind’ – as an attempt to name rhetorical manoeuvres that leverage the authority of mind-as-computer metaphors in order to naturalize acts of seizure.
Historical Scholarship and Training at Ife: Contemporary Progress, Historical Legacies, and Positive Future, 1962–2022
Authors: Amusa Saheed , Adesoji Abimbola 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article is the second part of a detailed historical assessment of historical scholarship and training at the Department of History of the Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. It assesses the contemporary situations of historical scholarship and training in the Department vis-à-vis the personalities, programs/courses, and prospects and challenges of the Department over the years. It provides brief profiles of the current academic staff of the Department, the undergraduate and graduate programs and courses, as well as legacies of the founding fathers of the Department. It is shown in the article that the Department of History at Ife has excelled in all areas of historical scholarship and training in the last sixty years of its existence in spite of its challenges. The article concludes that the Department of History at OAU, Ile-Ife, has good potential for greater achievements in historical scholarship and training in the future.
Reynolds number asymptotics of wall-turbulence fluctuations
Authors: Chen Xi , Sreenivasan Katepalli R. 
Published: November 2023

In continuation of our earlier work (Chen & Sreenivasan, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 908, 2021, R3; Chen & Sreenivasan, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 933, 2022a, A20 – together referred to as CS hereafter), we present a self-consistent Reynolds number asymptotics for wall-normal profiles of variances of streamwise and spanwise velocity fluctuations as well as root-mean-square pressure, across the entire flow region of channel and pipe flows and flat-plate boundary layers. It is first shown that, when normalized by peak values, the Reynolds number dependence and wall-normal variation of all three profiles can be decoupled, in excellent agreement with available data, sharing the common inner expansion of the type

$\phi (y^+)=f_0(y^+)+f_1(y^+)/Re^{1/4}_\tau$

, where

$\phi$

is one of the quantities just mentioned, the functions

$f_0$

and

$f_1$

depend only on

$y^+$

, and

$Re_\tau$

is the friction Reynolds number. Here, the superscript

$+$

indicates normalization by wall variables. We show that this result is completely consistent with CS. Secondly, by matching the above inner expansion and the outer flow similarity form, a bounded variation

$\phi (y^\ast )=\alpha _\phi -\beta _{\phi }y^{{\ast {1}/{4}}}$

is derived for the outer region where, for each

$\phi$

, the constants

$\alpha _\phi$

and

$\beta _{\phi }$

are independent of

$Re_\tau$

and

$y^\ast$

$\equiv y^+/Re_\tau$

– also in excellent agreement with simulations and experimental data. One of the predictions of the analysis is that, for asymptotically high Reynolds numbers, a finite plateau

$\phi \approx \alpha _\phi$

appears in the outer region. This result sheds light on the intriguing issue of the outer shoulder of the variance of the streamwise velocity fluctuation, which should be bounded by the asymptotic plateau of approximately 10.