bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Menstrual pattern and anthropometric characteristics of women with primary and secondary infertility in comparison with age-matched controls
Authors: Singh Manavi , Sharmila Vijayan , Yoga Priyanka , Kalidoss Vinod K. 
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:
The incidence of infertility has increased significantly due to lifestyle changes and the presence of diverse environmental stress. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) are two common anthropometric measures of obesity. Factors such as differences in race, sex, and age influence BMI, and recent studies have reported limitations in the use of BMI to determine obesity. Body fat distribution has a more valid criterion for determining obesity than BMI. Our aim was to compare the menstrual pattern and anthropometric parameters of women with primary and secondary infertility with those of age-matched controls and to assess the correlation between the anthropometric variables and fertility types.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in which the anthropometric measurements and menstrual history over the last 3 months of cases of primary and secondary infertility were compared with the age-matched control group.

RESULTS:
Women with primary and secondary infertility tend to be overweight or obese. The menstrual pattern of women with infertility was not statistically different as compared to the control groups. There were significant differences in weight, BMI, hip circumference, WC, and neck circumference (NC) of women with primary infertility with those of age-matched controls. A statistically significant difference was noted in NC between the primary and secondary infertility groups.

CONCLUSION:
The results obtained show that women with infertility tend to be overweight/obese. Due to the limited sample size, the relationship between menstrual pattern and anthropometric characteristics such as waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and frame size (FRS) and infertility could not be established.
Relationship between hypertension/blood pressure and hearing sensitivity among drivers: A correlation analysis
Authors: Edwin Daisy , Samuel Sugaraj , Chandrasekar R Madhan 
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:
One of the most common chronic diseases is hypertension. The majority of research has linked hearing loss to hypertension. However, the relationship between hypertension and hearing is still unknown. The primary goal of the study is to investigate the effect of hypertension on hearing and to find out the association between blood pressure levels and auditory health in auto-rickshaw drivers.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The study utilized 121 healthy professional auto-drivers between the age range of 25 and 55 years. Pure-tone audiometry (PTA) and extended high-frequency audiometry (EHFA) were used to determine the participants' hearing thresholds from 0.25 to 16 kHz. The cochlear hair cell functioning was evaluated using distortion-product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) testing. Blood pressure (mmHg) measurements were categorized under hypertension stage (normal (120; <80); elevated (120–129; <80); hypertension – stage 1 (130–139; 80–89); hypertension – stage 2 (≥140; ≥90)).

RESULTS:
The mean age of the study participants was 42.17 ± 9.03 years. The mean systolic and diastolic BP of all the study participants were 138.24 ± 19.73 (105–216) mmHg and 87.69 ± 12.14 (60–134) mmHg, respectively. BP levels were normal for 17.4% (N = 21) of the study participants, 21.5% (N = 26) had elevated blood pressure, 21.5% (N = 26) of the population falls under stage 1 hypertension, and 39.7% (N = 48) had stage 2 hypertension. Our study discovered a significant difference between main group effects and no significant difference between group interaction effects. Hearing thresholds were significantly higher in hypertensive participants compared to non-hypertensive participants. However, there was no statistically significant relationship between the two variables hypertension and hearing loss.

CONCLUSION:
Implementing health promotion initiatives and raising awareness about hearing health could improve the quality of life for a high-risk occupational group of drivers.
Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis at referral hospitals in the northwestern region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alharazi Talal , Alcantara Jerold C. , Dando Lea L. , Pangket Petelyne 
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:
Toxoplasmosis is induced by Toxoplasma gondii, which affects 30 percent of the global population and is responsible for deaths related to foodborne pathogens. This study aimed to describe the seroprevalence of T. gondii infections in patients attending referral hospitals in the northwestern region of Saudi Arabia.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The serology test results for T. gondii antibodies of 797 patients were retrospectively analyzed using the hospitals' database. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect anti-T. gondii antibodies (IgG and/or IgM).

RESULTS:
Overall, the prevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies was 8.3%. Higher (9.9%) prevalence of positive results among patients aged 30 years and above was observed. Statistically, the various age groups (P = 0.031) were found to be significant. Female was noted to have increased (8.1%) seroprevalence, and the incidence of infection occurred largely among participants living in rural areas (8.2%).

CONCLUSIONS:
Toxoplasmosis remains a public health concern. The seroprevalence of T. gondii antibodies was relatively low in the study area. IgG antibodies to T. gondii were mainly detected. Increasing awareness on the mode of transmission, source of infection, and disease prevention through health education and dissemination is vital to reduce or eliminate toxoplasmosis.
Epidemiological Study of Respiratory Virus Infections among Hospitalized Children Aged 14 Years and Younger during COVID-19 Pandemic in Wuhan, China, 2018–2022
Authors: Hao Yingchan , Cheng Li , Lu Dan 
Published: November 2023

Introduction:
The viral etiological characteristics and prevalence of hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infection were preliminary studied in Wuhan City during the COVID-19 pandemic, to provide a reliable scientific basis for better understanding of the role of various pathogens in cases and for the prevention and clinical treatment of acute respiratory tract infection.

Methods:
A total of 69,086 children with acute respiratory infections hospitalized and treated in our department from January 2018 to December 2022 were enrolled as our research subjects. Sociodemographic and clinical data as well as nasopharyngeal samples were collected from patients. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus (ADV), infuenza virus A (FluA), infuenza virus B (FluB), and parainfluenza virus (PIV) were detected by direct immunofluorescence (DFA) to understand and analyze the epidemic characteristics of respiratory pathogens in children during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results:
The total detection rate of respiratory pathogens was 24.52% of the 69,086 hospitalized children. The frequency of respiratory viruses in those ADV, RSV, FluA, FluB, and PIV was 14.67%, 46.40%, 7.76%, 5.23%, and 25.95%. There were significant differences between the various pathogens (P < 0.001). There were the fewest pathogen-positive patients and positive detection rate in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. There were significant differences in the pathogen detection rate among different years (P < 0.001). In addition, the results showed that the total detection rate of respiratory virus tested in different age groups was significantly different (P < 0.001). The positive detection rate was highest in the 1–3-year-old age group, which is prone to acute respiratory infections. We also found that different pathogens showed obvious seasonal fluctuation and epidemic. RSV reached its peak in winter. ADV is mainly prevalent in spring and summer. FluA has a high detection rate in winter. Winter and spring are the peak seasons for FluB infection, whereas PIV is detected in all seasons, with a higher incidence rate in the spring and summer.

Conclusion:
The epidemiological distribution of pathogens of acute respiratory tract infection in hospitalized children in Wuhan from 2018 to 2022 varies with gender, age, and season. Nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) were implemented as control measures worldwide and reduced the transmission of respiratory pathogens. NPIs are likely to be the primary driver of the dramatic reduction in respiratory virus infection activity in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, to dissolving NPIs can lead to a recurrence of viral infection pathogens, especially in children.
Chemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of essential oils from Ccyphostemma adenocaule and Ziziphus spinachristi
Authors: Gebrehiwot Hadush , Dekebo Aman , Shenkute Kebede , Ensermu Urgessa , Endale Milkyas 
Published: November 2023

In the present work, the chemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidant potencies of essential oils (EOs) extracted from the leaves and roots of Cyphostemma adenocaule and Ziziphus spinachristi were evaluated. Hydrodistillation was used to extract the EOs and the chemical compositions were analyzed by GC-MS. The antibacterial activity of the EOs were evaluated against four bacterial strains by agar disc diffusion method. Moreover, the antioxidant properties were evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay method. Perillyl alcohol (13.08%) and phytone (12.64%) were the major compounds detected in the leaves and roots of Cyphostemma adenocaule respectively. Whereas, nootkatone was the principal compound detected in the leaves (30.12%) and roots (26.52%) of Ziziphus spinachristi. The antibacterial activity results showed that, the EOs of Cyphostemma adenocaule and Ziziphus spinachristi displayed the highest inhibition zones against Streptococcus pyogenes (13.67 ± 0.34 and 12.67 ± 0.10 mm respectively) at 10 mg/mL. The antioxidant activity of the EOs were also promising, and the strongest IC50 value (4.15 µg/mL) was calculated for Ziziphus spinachristi (leaves). Thus, the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of the EOs enlighten the use of these plants for the aforementioned activities and as a common ingredients in cosmetic applications.
KEY WORDS: Essential oils, Antibacterial activity, Antioxidant activity, Cyphostemma adenocaule, Ziziphus
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(1), 167-186. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i1.13
Synthesis and characterization of activated carbon from Asphodelus microcarpus in two steps
Authors: Mohammed Ourred , Mhamed Kaid , Houaria Merine 
Published: November 2023

The aim of the present work was to prepare an activated carbon from new precursor Asphodelus microcarpus using KOH as an impregnating agent, in two steps and in the absence of nitrogen. Its preparation requires a pre-carbonization at 500 °C for 60 min in order to obtain the char. Then activation of the char is realized by using KOH using as activating agent variable impregnation ratio: char/activating agent. Calcination is then carried out at 750 °C and 850 °C for 1 hour without azote. The determination of the optimum conditions is carried out by measuring the iodine number and that of methylene blue. The characterization of the chosen product is carried out by the following techniques: BET, FTIR-ATR, SEM and DRX. Under optimum conditions with mass ratio 1:4 at 750 °C (the calcination temperature), the specific surface area is equal to 1025.75 m2.g-1 and we obtain micro-meso activated carbon. The adsorption kinetics of dye chosen agrees with the pseudo-second-order model, and it appears that Freundlich (two parameters model) and Redlich-Peterson (three parameters model) describe better the adsorption data. Error analysis also showed that the Freunlich model better described the adsorption of Eriochrome Black T compared with the three parameter models.
KEY WORDS: Asphodelus microcarpus, Two-stage activation process, Chemical activation, Adsorption, Dye

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(1), 199-212. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i1.15
Synthesis, crystal structure, DFT calculation and Hirshfeld surface analysis of N-(4-methyl phenyl)-2-(3-nitro-benzamido) benzamide
Authors: Mohammed Ayoob Mzgin , Emam Hawaiz Farouq 
Published: November 2023

A new bis amide N-(4-methylphenyl)-2-(3-nitrobenzamide) benzamide was synthesized from a ring-opening reaction of 2-(3-nitrophenyl)-4H-benzoxazin-4-one, with 4-methyl aniline in a shorten reaction time (1.0 min) and characterized using different spectroscopic techniques (FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR) and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD). In the crystal lattice, the molecules are linked by N–H···O and C–H···O hydrogen bonds. The Hirshfeld surface analysis mapped over shape index, curvedness indices, dnorm revealed strong H...H and H...O/O...H and intermolecular connections a key contributors to crystal packing structure. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were applied with B3LYP/6-311G(d) level to provide theoretical data along with HOMO-LUMO electronic energy with the MEP map.
KEY WORDS: Benzamide, Crystal structure, DFT calculation, Hirshfeld surface
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(1), 229-239. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i1.17
Efficient removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution using a new biosorbent derived from Ensete ventricosum (Enset)
Authors: Tewabe Gebeyehu Belete , Manaye Kabtamu Daniel , Alehegne Tasew Temesgen 
Published: November 2023

In this study, kocho was prepared from pseudostem and corm of Ensete ventricosum (enset).The behaviors of kocho were examined by using FESEM, TGA, XRD and FTIR spectroscopy. The biosorption potential of kocho, a possible low-cost new biosorbent for the efficient removal of MB dye from wastewater was investigated. Biosorption experiments were carried out in batch mode to study the effects of biosorbent dosages (0.025-0.2 g), pH (2–10), initial concentrations of MB (10 to 100 mg/L) and contact time (10 to 120 min).The highest removal efficiency of methylene blue dye (94.2%) was recorded at optimum experimental conditions. Following the removal study, it was determined that the pseudo-second order kinetics (R2 = 0.997) and Langmuir isothermal (R 2= 0.996) models may well describe the MB dye biosorption process. Furthermore, this newly developed biosorbent was fairly recyclable up to five cycles without significant loss of re-adsorption efficiency (around 9.6% loss) between 1st and 5th cycle. Thus, the findings of this study revealed that a new kocho biosorbent derived from Ensete ventricosum can be used as a promising low-cost, environmentally friendly and efficient biosorbent for the rapid removal of MB from aqueous solutions.
KEY WORDS: Kocho, Ensete ventricosum, Biosorption, Methylene blue, Kinetics, Isothermal
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(1), 69-84. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i1.6
Correlating habitat dynamism with foliar anatomical modulations: A study with <i>Phymatosorus scolopendria </i>(Burm. F.) ching
Authors: Mbong E.O. , Ivon E.A. , Idio E. , Utuk K.E , Okon J.E. , Anwana E.D. 
Published: November 2023

There is a dearth in ecological details on Cryptogamia when compared to available literature on higher plants. Hence, we investigated the extent of variation in altitude, light intensity and sunlight duration existing in four contrasting habitats dominated by Phymatosorus scolopendria in relation to fern foliar anatomical dynamics using standard anatomical procedures and ecological protocol. The species consistently possessed diacytic and anisocytic stomata across the habitats whereas anomocytic stomata were also found in the shrub epiphytes. Similarly, unicellular trichomes were consistently present in epiphytic plant forms while oil droplets were consistent throughout except in the tree epiphytes. Also, the stomatal index and number of stomata differed significantly (P<0.05) and were highest in the epiphytes growing on the tree barks (17.337±3.00; 14.33±1.154) but least in the erect forms (12.875±1.10; 8.67±0.577) respectively. The lithophytes recorded highest number of epidermal cells (76.67±15.280) whereas the erect forms recorded the least (46.33±4.041). Altitude varied between 8.23 to 10.36 m; light intensity ranged between 1045 to 13088 lux while sunlight duration ranged from 2 to 8 hours/day. Correlation analysis revealed significant (P<0.05 and P<0.01) coefficients. Specifically, altitude indicated strong positive association with light intensity (r= 0.987* ) and sunlight duration (r= 0.990**) while light intensity correlated strongly with sunlight duration (r= 0.958). The stomatal types were strongly associated with altitude (r=0.679), light intensity (r= 0.769) and sunlight duration (0.570) while stomatal index correlated inversely with altitude (r= - 0.505) and sunlight duration (r= - 0.553). Implicitly, shady habitats with short durations of low light intensity induced higher stomatal development and density while prolonged sunlight duration and increasing light intensity retained low stomatal density in this plant. This pattern indicates a close association between species anatomical progression in relation to prevailing environmental conditions. This information reveals aspects of plant survival mechanism in different environmental scenarios and may aid future conservation efforts.
Une Nouvelle Laïcité Multiculturelle
Authors: De Botton Fernández Lena , Pulido Rodriguez Miguel Angel 
Published: November 2023

L’apport de cet article réside dans le concept de «laïcité multiculturelle». Dans les sociétés du XXIe siècle, ce concept représente un progrès vers une égalité de différences où toutes les croyances et religions seraient traitées de façon égalitaire. Le principe de laïcité a constitué un pas en avant vers une plus grande égalité des droits, en Europe la démarche a été au début du XXe siècle. Un siècle plus tard, l’impact sans précédents du phénomène international des migrations a rendu les sociétés européennes multiculturelles de nouveau. Dans ce nouveau cadre, la conception traditionnelle de la laïcité, au lieu d’assurer l’égalité des droits, est devenu un principe arbitraire nuisant, plus particulièrement Ã la communauté musulmane. Pour surmonter le trait discriminatoire de la conception traditionnelle de laïcité envers certaines confessions, un nouveau concept s’avère nécessaire, celui d’une «laïcité multiculturelle» fondée sur l’égalité de différences et le dialogue égalitaire entre les différentes cultures.
MACROECONOMIC EFFECTS OF LABOR MARKET REGULATION IN GEORGIA
Authors: Kakulia Nazira , Tkemaladze Irma 
Published: November 2023

Nazira Kakulia
E-mail: nazira.kakulia@tsu.ge
Doctor of Economics, Associate Professor Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
Tbilisi, Georgia
https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8879-1339

Irma Tkemaladze
E-mail: irma.tkemaladze@tsu.ge
Doctor of Economics Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
Tbilisi, Georgia
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7880-2562

Abstract: The article discusses the impact of the changes on labor market resulting from the formation of the post-industrial economy and caused by the pandemic crisis, in particular the process of employment forms’ transformation, response measures to the transf ormation of employment forms are analyzed, the stages of the employment policy for the study period are separated, the need to implement the employment policy necessary for the symbiotic development of standard and non-standard forms of employment is substantiated. We conclude that labor market policies are more "sensitive" in nature than other policies. Therefore, choosing the distortionist model emphasized by the World Bank or the interventionist model prioritized by the International Labor Organization will not lead us to the results that may have been achieved in other countries. In our opinion, it is recommended to use a more intermediate approach, which considers the labor market policy in the framework of the general economic policy, and the final goal of economic reforms is not only a high rate of economic growth, but also an increase in the well-being of the population. By studying the employment policy, it became clear that the course of the last period is actually aimed at providing effective employment, at the same time, complex measures are being taken to improve the current situation in the labor market.
However, as determined by the conducted expert research, only the perfection of the legal framework is not enough for the effectiveness of the policy. It is necessary to strengthen the enforcement mechanism and control the results.
ПРИЧИНЫ И ПОСЛЕДСТВИЯ ПЕРЕХОДА К НОВОМУ МЕТОДУ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ПРОЖИТОЧНОГО МИНИМУМА
Authors: Савиных А. Д. , Власенко Р. Д. 
Published: November 2023

В статье рассматриваются причины отказа от показателя «минимальная потребительская корзина» (ПК) как инструмента социальной политики, исследуются преимущества и недостатки медианного дохода и медианной зарплаты для расчёта
прожиточного минимума (ПМ) и минимального размера оплаты труда (МРОТ), прогнозируются последствия этой замены для показателей уровня бедности.
ANALISIS PENYELESAIAN PERKARA ANAK BERHADAPAN DENGAN HUKUM DI TINJAU DARI HUKUM POSITIF DAN HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Nur Akifah Janur  , Maulana Mohammad , Jasmani Jasmani 
Published: November 2023

Anak Berhadapan dengan Hukum merupakan anakk yangg berkonflik dengan hhukum, anak yang menjadi korbann, dan anakk sebagai saksii tindakk pidanaa. Di Indonesia Penyelesaian perkara Anak berhadapan dengan hukum selalu di lakukan dengan konsep restorative (Diversi yang mengasumsikan bahwa semua pihak, pelaku, korban dan masyarakat mempunyai kesempatan yang sama untuk menyelesaikan konflik yang diakibatkan oleh kejahatan . Melihat kompleksitas yang menyertai keadilan restoratif pada anak yang berhadapan dengan hukum, maka penulis tertarik untuk mengkaji penyelesaian perkara hukum anak sesuai dengan Hukum Positif dan Hukum Islam. penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai Maqasid Al Syari’ah (Tujuan Hukum islam) dan Hukum Positif dalam proses penyelesaian kasus tindak pidana. penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif, dengan melihat keadilan restoratif dalam hukum Positif dan Hukum Islamnya. pada sistem hukum islam konsep restorative dikenal dengan konsep islah (Perdamaian)yang dimaksudkan untuk memelihara jiwa, akal, harta, dan keturunan.