bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative judicial federalism
Authors: Gordon Jeffrey Steven 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
How does judicial federalism affect an apex court’s articulation of constitutional rights? Despite the growth of scholarship on comparative judicial review, federalism, and rights, comparative judicial federalism is underexplored. Building on an emerging literature, this article tentatively suggests that the authoritative declaration of constitutional rights may vary with a country’s particular species of judicial federalism. It first develops a qualitative framework for comparative judicial federalism, that is, the relationship between local (state) and central (federal) courts. The framework is structured around judicial federalism’s three dimensions: institutional, jurisdictional, and jurisprudential. After justifying these three dimensions, the article deploys them to compare Australia and the United States. It posits that in one context—federal free-speech limits on the common law—Australia’s purportedly modest implied freedom of political communication could resemble the powerful Free Speech Clause of the First Amendment. The relative degree of integration of central and local courts may affect the scope of the federal free-expression norm as articulated by the apex court.
The More Sophisticated, the More Biased? Testing a New Measure of Political Sophistication on Biased Information Processing
Authors: Valli Chiara , Eugster Beatrice , Arlt Dorothee 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
According to literature, biased information processing increases with political sophistication. The logic behind this relationship is that political sophisticates possess greater cognitive skills and knowledge to defend their prior beliefs. Although political sophistication can be understood as a multidimensional concept, existing research primarily uses general political knowledge as a proxy to assess it. Therefore, we introduce a more rigorous measure of sophistication that gauges individuals’ ability to justify their attitudes with substantive and well-elaborated arguments and put the classic measure of political sophistication to a test. We study these mechanisms in a direct-democratic setting via an online survey, in which 898 Swiss-German voters are exposed to a tailored counterargument on a political referendum. Our results indicate that individuals with higher levels of sophistication evaluate counter-attitudinal information less favorably and hold more stable opinions. While we did not find support for the hypothesis that sophistication leads to selective exposure to consonant information, our analysis points to a reverse mechanism: individuals with lower levels of sophistication exhibit a higher likelihood of exposure to dissonant views. Notably, these results align with the trends reported for general political knowledge and corroborate the validity of using general political knowledge as a proxy for political sophistication.
Naturally Acquired Transmission-Blocking Immunity Against Different Strains of Plasmodium vivax in a Malaria-Endemic Area in Thailand
Authors: Thongpoon Sataporn , Roobsoong Wanlapa , Nguitragool Wang , Chotirat Sadudee , Tsuboi Takafumi , Takashima Eizo , Cui Liwang , Ishino Tomoko , Tachibana Mayumi , Miura Kazutoyo , Sattabongkot Jetsumon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Human immunity triggered by natural malaria infections impedes parasite transmission from humans to mosquitoes, leading to interest in transmission-blocking vaccines. However, immunity characteristics, especially strain specificity, remain largely unexplored. We investigated naturally acquired transmission-blocking immunity (TBI) against Plasmodium vivax, a major malaria parasite.

Methods
Using the direct membrane-feeding assay, we assessed TBI in plasma samples and examined the role of antibodies by removing immunoglobulins through protein G/L adsorption before mosquito feeding. Strain specificity was evaluated by conducting a direct membrane-feeding assay with plasma exchange.

Results
Blood samples from 47 patients with P vivax were evaluated, with 37 plasma samples successfully infecting mosquitoes. Among these, 26 showed inhibition before immunoglobulin depletion. Despite substantial immunoglobulin removal, 4 samples still exhibited notable inhibition, while 22 had reduced blocking activity. Testing against heterologous strains revealed some plasma samples with broad TBI and others with strain-specific TBI.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that naturally acquired TBI is mainly mediated by antibodies, with possible contributions from other serum factors. The transmission-blocking activity of plasma samples varied by the tested parasite strain, suggesting single polymorphic or multiple targets for naturally acquired TBI. These observations improve understanding of immunity against P vivax and hold implications for transmission-blocking vaccine development.
LibCity-Dataset: a standardized and comprehensive dataset for urban spatial–temporal data mining
Authors: Wang Jingyuan , Jiang Wenjun , Jiang Jiawei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The LibCity-Dataset represents a significant contribution to the field of urban spatial-temporal data mining. This dataset uniquely integrates macro traffic state data with micro trajectory data, providing researchers with comprehensive and diverse urban spatial-temporal data. Specifically, we begin by collecting and processing existing open-source spatial-temporal data. Subsequently, we independently collected Beijing taxi trajectory data through third-party interfaces. This data bridges the gap in the scarcity of current open-source vehicle trajectory data. The distinctive aspect of the LibCity-Dataset lies in its innovative approach of standardizing the storage format, achieved through the implementation of atomic files. By adopting this standardized format, diverse data sources are harmonized, enabling effortless application of spatial-temporal prediction models across various datasets. The uniform storage format not only simplifies experimentation but also expedites the advancement of spatial-temporal prediction research, acting as a catalyst for further innovation. This Data Note provides a comprehensive insight into the creation methodology of the LibCity-Dataset, including data collection and processing methodology, data description, data validation, and usage notes. By facilitating open-source collaboration and setting a benchmark for standardization within the spatial-temporal prediction domain, this dataset aims to foster increased research cooperation and knowledge sharing. The open-source link of our dataset is https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1g5v2Gq1tkOq8XO0HDCZ9nOTtRpB6-gPe.
High prevalence of Panton–Valentine Leucocidin among Staphylococcus coagulans isolated from dogs in Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Teixeira Izabel M , Guimarães Luciana , da Silva Isabella T , Fonseca Carolina , Assumpção Yasmim , Lima dos Santos Ana Luiza , Antunes Milena , Pesset Camilla , Ferreira Eliane , Penna Bruno 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Aims
The purpose of this study was to characterize the capacity for biofilm formation, antimicrobial resistance rates, and search for genetic determinants of resistance and virulence in the species.

Methods and results
Strains were collected from asymptomatic and infected dogs. Identification was conducted using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF), antimicrobial susceptibility using disk diffusion and PCR targeting mecA. Biofilm formation was evaluated on a microtiter plate assay. A total of 27 strains were selected for whole-genome sequencing. We identified 111 Staphylococcus coagulans. The highest number was obtained from infected dogs. The highest resistance rates were observed for penicillin, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin/erythromycin. Twelve strains were characterized as resistant to methicillin. All isolates had the ability to form biofilm and were strong producers. Among Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus coagulans (MRSC), SCCmec types IIIA, and Vc were identified. Acquired resistance genes, such as aac(6′)-aph(2′'), tet(K), blaZ, qacG, qacJ, and erm(C) were found. Different virulence genes were identified. Of note, Panton–Valentine Leucocidin was highly prevalent among the isolates.

Conclusion
Staphylococcus coagulans had a high isolation rate among infected dogs and demonstrated significant resistance to commonly used antibiotics such as penicillin and gentamicin.
431 Awardee Talk: Phenomics and Phenotyping in Animal Breeding
Authors: Steibel Juan P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Genomic prediction is now a mature technology for animal breeding and genetics and many breeders’ associations and livestock, and poultry genetics companies have adopted high-through genotyping for routine breeding value prediction and for assisting in selection decisions. In this context, more research efforts in breeding and genetics are focusing more on genome annotation and phenotyping. In animal breeding, the term phenomics is almost exchangeable with high-throughput phenotyping and automated phenotyping, i.e., the recording of high dimensional phenotypic data on an organism-wide scale. High throughput phenotyping is achieved through using a variety of sensors. The sensors generate raw data that must be captured, processed, cleaned, and modeled to produce meaningful phenotypes. Animal breeders are used to working with large amounts of data. However, high throughput phenomics usually produces data that may quickly overwhelm storage and processing capabilities of even the most prepared data analysis teams. Moreover, the black-box nature of many algorithms used to process raw sensor data into actionable phenotypes usually require thorough validation and checking. Animal breeders may build on prior lessons learned processing and modeling high-throughput genotypes and traditional phenotypes and we also need to adopt new practices commonly used in the field of machine learning and computer science. Finally, high throughput phenomics will produce novel phenotypes that will require different modeling or revisiting traditional models. In this talk I will share my views on all these points, and I will illustrate them using literature data and data from my own research related to computer vision, modeling of social genetic effects and modeling of social interactions.
142 Genotype-By-Environment Interactions in Dairy Cattle Raised in California and New England
Authors: Santana Bruna , Miles Asha , Tiezzi Francesco , Fragomeni Breno O 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Genotype-by-environmental interactions (G x E) have been reported to cause sire reranking in dairy populations. However, the effects of such interactions are not included in the current US national dairy genetic evaluation. Phenotypes collected from animals across the country are considered the same trait, disregarding interactions between genetic effects and region or other environmental factors. Variations in production systems may interact with the genotypes of the animals, leading to distinct phenotypes. Separating data into regions could change decision-making on bull selection, which is the most important step of a breeding program. The goal of this study is to evaluate the extent of genotype-by-environment interaction between the state of California and the region of New England in the US Holstein Population. Data from Holstein cows in the aforementioned regions collected from 2010 to 2020 were provided by the Council on Dairy Cattle Breeding. The genetic evaluation models used for the national evaluation were modified to account for New England and California phenotypes as separated yet correlated traits. The mixed model accounted for additive genetic, sire-by-herd interaction, and permanent environmental effects as random, and for the management group, age of parity, birth year, and parity as fixed effects. In some scenarios, sire-by-herd interaction and permanent environment were removed due to convergence problems. Variance components were estimated using AIREML under the Method R procedure. Such a method allows computing variance components for large databases by splitting the data into several random groups. Ten random samples of data containing 100,000 records were used for each analysis. The scenarios included single trait for each state, single trait with both states, and two-trait with separated states. Breeding values from the top 100 bulls in each region were compared with evaluate potential sire reranking. Heritabilities varied across regions for all three traits (Table 1). California presented lower heritability than New England across methods. The genetic correlations on the two-trait analysis averaged at 0.96, 0.92, and 0.95 for yield, fat, and protein, respectively. The Spearman correlation coefficient between breeding values of the bulls with more than 200 daughters was 0.87 for milk yield, suggesting that the reranking is unimportant. The genetic correlations suggested that GxE between the two regions is small and that the traits should not be split in the current genetic evaluation. In conclusion, no critical effect of genotype-by-environment interaction was observed, even though top bulls may differ across regions. The next step of this project is to evaluate GxE for somatic cell score and to include genomic information in the evaluations. Finally, a genome-wide association study across the two regions will be performed to investigate changes in genomic regions associated with the phenotypes.
102 Development of a Bacteriophage-Based Feed Additive to Prevent Bovine Liver Abscesses
Authors: Mathieu Jacques , Laverde Jenny , Schwarz Cory , Tikhonova Marina , Miller Megan , Burdick Sanchez Nicole C , Carroll Jeffery A , Broadway Paul R , Alvarez Pedro 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the US, beef cattle feedlots commonly use antibiotic feed additives, such as tylosin and virginiamycin, to prevent liver abscesses, which can cause significant economic losses and animal welfare concerns. However, growing public and regulatory pressure to curb the proliferation of antibiotic resistant bacteria has prompted a need to reduce or eliminate their use. As an alternative, our group is working on a bacteriophage-based feed additive that targets Fusobacterium necrophorum, the primary cause of bovine liver abscesses, with the aim of reducing or eliminating the dependence on antibiotic feed additives. Using a combination of phage isolation techniques, we identified and characterized fifteen new F. necrophorum phages belonging to six genetically distinct groups. These phages exhibited a broad intraspecific host range and could infect various contemporary F. necrophorum strains isolated from different regions of the United States. All the phages were temperate, with dsDNA genomes ranging from around 36 kbp to 114 kbp. Almost all contemporary F. necrophorum isolates were found to have one or more active prophages upon bacterial genome sequencing and prophage induction. In vitro evolution resulted in the recovery of a potential virulent mutant, φBB37, which inhibited the growth of the high leukotoxin-producing F. necrophorum 8L1 strain for over 40 hours in vitro. Phage cocktails proved effective for up to 60 hours. After minimal optimization, most phages demonstrated high productivity (&gt; 109 PFU/mL) and little yield variation during scale-up, highlighting their commercial potential. Unexpectedly, we discovered a previously unrecognized Fusobacterium species, Fusobacterium varium, is widely prevalent and frequently the most abundant member of the genus in cattle rumen. Previous studies on liver abscess control in cattle have almost exclusively focused on F. necrophorum, which may explain the lack of effectiveness observed. To elucidate the ecological role and potential pathogenicity of ruminal F. varium, we conducted genome sequencing and found these bovine strains to have multiple virulence factors and high similarity to human clinical isolates. However, phages with the ability to infect F. varium were plentiful in rumen fluid, with several demonstrating purely lytic activity. To assess the safety and in vivo dynamics of F. necrophorum and F. varium phage cocktails, a small-scale animal trial was recently conducted with ten cannulated cattle.
183 Assessment of Textural Characteristics and Instrumental Color of Commercially Available Whole-Muscle Jerky-Style Pet Treats
Authors: Romero Jorge , Carrera Hilary , Dunavant Justin , Berganza Ileana , Abascal-Ponciano Gerardo A , Sandoval Jorge L , Cho Sungeun , Starkey Jessica D , Starkey Charles 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Textural and instrumental color quantitative data of consumables is often kept confidential by manufacturers, making it limited and difficult to find. These data are also important for product development and further sensory analysis to understand preferences and acceptability of purchasers. Between January 2019 and September 2020, 7,200 pet food products were launched worldwide. With a wide variety of pet treat brands and product types on the market, differentiation is necessary from a consumer purchase experience and physical characteristic preference perspective. The objective was to collect quantitative data on textural characteristics and instrumental color of whole-muscle jerky treats from 4 commercially available brands. Four whole muscle jerky treat brands were purchased for analyses: brand 1, brand 2, brand 3, and brand 4. Textural analyses included a three-point bend test for hardness (g), the maximum force required to break the sample; flexibility (mm), the displacement of the sample until it fractures; and stiffness (g per mm), resistance to bending; and the Warner-Bratzler test assessed firmness (g), the maximum force needed to shear the sample; and toughness (g per second), the peak positive area under the curve. Instrumental color was measured using a HunterLab MiniScan EZ spectrophotometer in terms CIE color space, L*, representing lightness on a range from black to white; a*, denoting redness ranging from green to red; and b*, representing yellowness ranging from blue to yellow. Data were analyzed as a 1-way ANOVA using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS ver. 9.4, and least square means were separated using the PDIFF option. Brand 2 was significantly harder (P &lt; 0.0001), and stiffer (P &lt; 0.0001) than the rest of the brands, and Brand 4 was the most flexible (P = 0.0006). Brand 4 treats were the darkest, and brands 1 and 3 were among the brightest (P &lt; 0.0001), although brand 3 was still similar to brand 2. Brand 3 expressed the greatest redness values and brand 4 the least (P &lt; 0.0001). Brands 1, 2, and 3 were similar in yellowness and were all more yellow than brand 4 (P &lt; 0.0001). When manufacturing pet treats, the goal is to achieve an appropriate texture, not soft enough to compromise its durability and integrity during manufacturing, packing, transportation, and retail, but soft enough to appeal to pet owners and dogs alike. These data will aid product developers by providing quantitative information that will eventually lead to corollary consumer sensory panel analysis to determine pet owner preferences and acceptability.
19 The Swine Gut Microbiome and Animal Production
Authors: Zhao Jiangchao 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Recent studies have dramatically improved our understanding of the swine gut microbiome regarding its composition and correlations with animal phenotypes. However, many basic biological and ecological questions still remain to be answered. In addition, it is even challenging to translate basic gut microbiome research into industrial applications. During my presentation, I will first address several important ecological questions in two animal trials: a longitudinal study and a fecal microbiota transplantation experiment. Through big data analysis, we identified a probiotic candidate that correlates well with growth performance. We then re-analyzed two published data sets from other animal trials (isolated rearing and ZnO treatment). All four animal trials show a positive correlation between an F2 strain with growth performance. We isolated 200 F2 strains using a culturomics approach developed in my lab to establish a causal relationship between F2 and the host. After in vitro characterization of these isolates and whole genome sequencing, we conducted three animal trials to validate their probiotic effects and explore their underlying mechanisms. At the end of my presentation, I will discuss the future directions of animal gut microbiome.
208 Impact of Feeding a Novel Probiotic on Ruminal Fermentation, Methane Production, and Nutrient Utilization in Beef Cattle
Authors: Marenchino Ignacio Fernandez , Garcia Liza , Maderal Araceli B , Tarnonsky Federico , Podversich Federico , Vargas Juan , Cuervo Wilmer , Gomez-Salmoral Macarena , Ramirez-Sepulveda Vanesa , Blanchard Horacio , Novo Sabina , Schulmeister Tessa M , DiLorenzo Nicolas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The search for alternatives to mitigate enteric methane emissions remains a top priority to ensure the continued sustainability of the livestock industry. Exploration of new direct-fed microbials with potential in ruminant nutrition is an active and promising area of research. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of feeding a novel probiotic on ruminal fermentation parameters, in vitro methane production, and nutrient utilization in beef steers. A total of 12 ruminally cannulated American Aberdeen steers (348 ± 37 kg BW) were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design, with each period lasting for 35 d. The steers were fed a basal diet comprised of 82% corn silage, 12% cotton gin trash, 5% cottonseed meal, and 1% vitamin and mineral supplement on a dry matter (DM) basis. Four treatments were used in this study: CTL (no additive), B2 (probiotic at a dosage of 2 × 109 CFU/animal/d), B10 (probiotic at a dosage of 10 × 109 CFU/animal/d), and B30 (probiotic at a dosage of 30 × 109 CFU/animal/d). Steers were housed in two pens and were sorted daily to receive the treatments individually in a carrier of corn silage (250 g/d). The experiment consisted of 4 periods, with 21 d of adaptation to the treatments, 7 d of measurements, and 7 d of washout between periods. During the study, two in vitro batch culture incubations were performed in each period collecting ruminal fluid from each animal individually (experimental unit): one on d 0 before steers received the treatments, and one after 21 d of adaptation. The incubations on day 0 were used as a baseline. The use of this probiotic did not affect (P &gt; 0.05) in vitro ruminal fluid pH, volatile fatty acids, or acetate to propionate ratio. However, there was a cubic effect (P &lt; 0.05) on in vitro organic matter digestibility with the inclusion of probiotic, and the greatest digestibility was observed in the B2 treatment. The concentration of ammonia nitrogen linearly increased (P &lt; 0.05) with the inclusion of probiotic with CTL and B2 treatments showing the least values. While there was no effect (P &gt; 0.05) on total gas production among treatments, methane production (CH4) was decreased (P &lt; 0.05), showing a quadratic effect where the B2 treatment showed the least values. These results suggest that adding this novel probiotic to beef steers fed a corn silage-based diet at a dose of 2× 109 CFU per day (B2) may have positive results in reducing CH4 and improving digestibility. However, confirmation of these results will be required by in vivo methane emissions data.