bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the proteome of Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 grown under methylotrophic and nonmethylotrophic conditions
Authors: Laukel Markus , Rossignol Michel , Borderies Gisèle , Völker Uwe , Vorholt Julia A. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractMethylobacterium extorquens AM1 is a facultative methylotrophic bacterium that is capable of growing in the presence of methanol as the sole carbon and energy source, but is also able to grow on a limited number of C2, C3, and C4 compounds, for example succinate. This study provides a proteomic view of the cellular adaptation of M. extorquens AM1 to growth on methanol and succinate, respectively. Cytosolic proteins were separated by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis employing overlapping pH ranges and visualized by silver nitrate or fluorescence staining. A proteomic reference map containing 229 different proteins identified by peptide mass fingerprinting of tryptic fragments was established. Comparative proteome profiling of methanol‐ and succinate‐grown cells led to the identification of 68 proteins that are induced under methylotrophic growth conditions in comparison to growth on succinate. This group includes most proteins known to be directly involved in methanol oxidation to CO2 and in assimilation of one carbon units by the serine cycle as well as 18 proteins without any assigned function and two proteins with a predicted regulatory function. Furthermore, the proteome analysis revealed putative isoenzymes for formaldehyde‐activating enzyme Fae, malyl‐CoA lyase, malate‐dehydrogenase, and fumarase, that need to be characterized functionally in future studies.
Proteomic approach to the identification of voltage‐dependent anion channel protein isoforms in guinea pig brain synaptosomes
Authors: Liberatori Sabrina , Canas Benito , Tani Chiara , Bini Luca , Buonocore Giuseppe , Godovac‐Zimmermann Jasminka , Mishra Om P. , Delivoria‐Papadopoulos Maria , Bracci Rodolfo , Pallini Vitaliano 
Published: March 2004

AbstractVoltage‐dependent anion channel (VDAC) proteins are small, abundant, pore‐forming proteins belonging to the eukaryotic mitochondrial porins. At least three different VDAC genes have been identified in vertebrates. VDAC proteins are known to play an essential role in cellular metabolism and in the early stages of apoptosis. A proteomic approach, consisting of two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by two‐dimensional immunoblotting with anti‐VDAC and anti‐phosphotyrosine antibodies and by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight mass spectrometry, was exploited to define the expression pattern of VDAC isoforms in guinea pig brain synaptosomes, both in normoxic and hypoxic conditions. In this way a total of five different VDAC isoforms were identified, as both VDAC1 and VDAC2 were detected in more than one electrophoretic spot. Moreover, VDAC isoforms selectively undergo hypoxia‐induced tyrosine phosphorylation, suggesting that tyrosine phosphorylation may contribute to the modulation of VDAC protein function/conformation or interaction with other proteins in hypoxic conditions.
Down‐regulation of macrophage inhibitory cytokine‐1/prostate derived factor in benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Kakehi Yoshiyuki , Segawa Takehiko , Wu Xiu‐Xian , Kulkarni Prakash , Dhir Rajiv , Getzenberg Robert H. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDMacrophage inhibitory cytokine‐1 (MIC‐1) is a member of transforming growth factor‐beta/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) superfamily. Despite its potential role in prostatic regulation, little is known about its biological activity.METHODSExpression profiling using 42K Affymetrix HuGeneFL® array was conducted to compare symptomatic benign prostatatic hyperplasia (BPH), histological BPH without symptoms, and normal prostate samples from donors. MIC‐1 gene expression was analyzed by RT‐PCR in pure culture of prostate epithelial and stromal cells, and prostate cancer cells, LNCaP, PC‐3, DU‐145. Influence of androgens on MIC‐1 expression in LNCaP cells was analyzed by Northern blot. Enhancement of promoter activity of MIC‐1 by androgens was examined using reporter assays.RESULTSIn contrast to normal prostates, MIC‐1 gene was down‐regulated in BPH samples with symptoms and histological BPH obtained from cystoprostatectomy specimens (P < 0.005 and P < 0.01, respectively). Expression level of MIC‐1 in androgen‐sensitive LNCaP cells was high and enhanced by androgens, whereas in the androgen‐insensitive PC‐3 and DU‐145 cells the expression level was low. An 11 kb promoter region of MIC‐1 gene was identified to be 6‐ to 12‐fold activated by androgens.CONCLUSIONSDown‐regulation of MIC‐1 may play a role in the development of BPH. MIC‐1 is positively regulated by androgens, but other regulatory factors remain unclear. © 2004 Wileey‐Liss, Inc.
Identification and characterization of PLZF as a prostatic androgen‐responsive gene
Authors: Jiang Feng , Wang Zhou 
Published: March 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDPromyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein (PLZF) was initially identified by virtue of its fusion with RARα as a result of a variant t(11;17) chromosomal translocation that occurs in a small subset of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patients. PLZF has been reported to have pro‐apoptotic and anti‐proliferative activity both in vivo and in vitro.METHODSUsing a modified subtractive hybridization, we identified PLZF as an androgen‐responsive gene in the rat ventral prostate. Northern blot and Western blot were used to characterize the regulation of PLZF by androgens in LNCaP cells. Stable transfections of PLZF in LNCaP cells were performed to assay the effect of PLZF overexpression on LNCaP cell proliferation.RESULTSPLZF mRNA was transiently up‐regulated by androgens in the regressed ventral prostate of castrated adult rat. PLZF was also up‐regulated by androgens, at both mRNA and protein levels, in the androgen‐responsive human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP. Androgen induction of PLZF mRNA was not inhibited by protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide but inhibited by androgen receptor antagonist bicalutamide, indicating that PLZF is a direct androgen‐responsive gene. To study the functions of PLZF in androgen action, LNCaP sublines stably overexpressing PLZF were generated. PLZF overexpression inhibited LNCaP proliferation either in the presence or absence of androgen, which is consistent with the reported anti‐proliferative activity of PLZF.CONCLUSIONSThe above observations indicate that PLZF is an androgen‐responsive gene with anti‐proliferative activity in prostate cancer cells. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Androgen receptor protein expression in prostatic tissues in black and caucasian men
Authors: Olapade‐Olaopa E. Oluwabunmi , Muronda Charles A. , MacKay E. Hugh , Danso Alex P. , Sandhu Davinder P. , Terry Timothy R. , Habib Fouad K. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDCaP has a higher incidence and mortality in Black men. We hypothesized that subpopulation differences in AR expression may contribute to this phenomenon.METHODAR immunostaining was compared in epithelium and PES of normal, BPH, and CaP tissues from Black African men and UK Caucasian men.RESULTSAR expression was similar in normal prostatic epithelium of both groups, but was higher in BPH and CaP epithelium of Black than Caucasian men (P ≤ 0.0001). Also, AR expression in PES was higher in Caucasian than Black men in normal/atrophic and benign hyperplastic tissues, but there was a similar significant loss of AR expression in PES of CaP tissues of both groups (normal and BPH stroma versus CaP stroma (P ≤ 0.0001).CONCLUSIONSVariations in AR expression between subpopulations may contribute to the phenotypic differences of prostatic diseases in Black and Caucasian men. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vented gaseous deflagrations with inertial vent covers: State‐of‐the‐art and progress
Authors: Molkov V. V. , Grigorash A. V. , Eber R. M. , Tamanini F. , Dobashi R. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractPrevious studies on vented gaseous deflagrations with inertial vent covers and related regulatory aspects are examined. The model of turbulent deflagration dynamics, built on energy and mass conservation principles, is developed further to take into account the influence of vent cover inertia. An engineering formula for conservative estimation of the upper limit of vent cover inertia is presented. Similarity analysis has shown that the scaling relationship between the surface density of the cover, w, and the turbulence factor, χ, is wχ3 = const, indicating a significant interrelationship between vent cover inertia and venting‐generated turbulence. Results confirm that turbulence gradually increases after vent opening begins, so that it is possible to increase vent cover inertia significantly. It is demonstrated that instead of widely accepted surface density limits of about 10 kg/m2, values of one/two orders higher, depending on the conditions, could be used for explosion protection with 100% efficiency for large‐scale enclosures. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 23: 29–36, 2004
Volatile organic compound control in an underground experimental facility: Technical and safety issues
Authors: Caputo Antonio C. , Pelagagge Pacifico M. , Tartaglia Roberto 
Published: March 2004

AbstractIn this paper the problem of volatile organic compounds control in the Gran Sasso nuclear physics underground experimental laboratory, Italy, is addressed. In particular the design and risk assessment of a carbon adsorption unit with stream recirculation for the removal of pseudocumene vapors in a nitrogen stream are discussed after a complete process characterization. The plant represents an unconventional installation in terms of required operational flexibility, materials compatibility, and safety level. The adopted technical solutions are described and the results of a Hazard Operability analysis are presented in order to identify design modifications which may contribute to further increasing system safety. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 23: 37–46, 2004
Nonsparking tools: A misnomer
Authors: Shekhar Himanshu 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe nonsparking tools are frequently referred to as a panacea for all tool–job interactions taking place in an inflammable atmosphere, but an assurance of 100% sparkless operation cannot be insured by their presence alone. If the presence of a high‐intensity spark in an inflammable medium is observed, a fire hazard is present. One part is the generation of the spark and other is its conversion to a full‐fledged fire. The operating conditions, nature of the environment, interaction physics, and surface conditions play a vital role in achieving a sparkless situation. The conversion of a spark to a full‐fledged fire requires evaluation of the spark intensity, heat content, temperature–surface area correlations, and ignition characteristics of the surrounding media. Nonsparking materials produce cold sparks with very little heat content, which cannot initiate a fire even in an atmosphere with very low ignition temperatures. Although several materials are branded as nonsparking, full characterization and detailed theoretical backing are missing. The operating conditions, unsafe working practices, runway speeds, accidental breakage, or fracture can produce adverse situations, which may lead to fire even with nonsparking materials. The so‐called nonsparking tools are silent spectators to fire accidents and, in a true sense, they are only spark‐reducing tools, wrongly called nonsparking in nature. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 23: 62–64, 2004
Steel composite structural pressure vessel technology: Future development analysis of worldwide important pressure vessel technology
Authors: Zhu Guohui , Shah Manesh 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe Steel Composite Structural Pressure Vessel technology invented by the authors is summarized briefly in this paper. This is a unique advanced pressure vessel technology with wide applications in industrial fields. It has been awarded several National Invention Prizes in China and 20 Chinese and U.S. patents. Some outstanding characteristics of this technology are burst resistance, dispersed defects, safety in service, simplified manufacturing, and safe, reliable, economic online safety monitoring. These characteristics result from the multiple functional shell natures of this unique technology. There are four patented technological systems, namely, cross‐helically wound flat steel ribbon on a thin inner shell high‐pressure vessels, single U‐groove steel ribbon interlocked and cross‐helically wound on a thin inner shell large high‐pressure vessels, total double‐layer normal‐pressure vessels and storage tanks, and single U‐groove steel ribbons interlocked and cross‐helically wound onto a thin inner shell low‐pressure large storage tanks. These technologies can reduce fabrication cost by 20 to 50%.The first of these technologies was approved by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) as Code Case 2269 in 1997 for high‐pressure vessels with internal diameter ranging from 12 inch to 12 ft for use in the manufacture of ammonia, urea, and methanol as well as large petroleum hydrogenation hot wall high‐pressure reactors and other industrial equipment. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 23: 65–71, 2004
Surface segregating kinetics in a ternary system
Authors: Swart H. C. , Roos W. D. , Terblans J. J. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe physical metallurgy of iron and steel is exceedingly complicated and many of the complications arise from the behavior of solutes, which segregate to surfaces and interfaces, which alter the mechanical behavior. The modified Darken model was used to describe the complex segregation behavior of the species involved. Trends in the surface concentration changes as describe by the Darken model for a ternary alloy are shown. Simulations were done for different interaction parameters, different bulk concentrations of the species, different segregation energies of the species and different mobilities (diffusion coefficient and activation energy). Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of cerium‐based conversion coatings on 2024‐T3 Al alloy after rare‐earth desmutting
Authors: Hughes A. E. , Gorman J. D. , Miller P. R. , Sexton B. A. , Paterson P. J. K. , Taylor R. J. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe deposition of Ce‐based conversion coatings onto 2024‐T3 Al alloy sheet was studied using Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The Al sheet was pretreated with an alkaline clean followed by treatment in a Ce(IV) and H2SO4‐based desmutter. The Ce(IV)‐based conversion coating solution contained 0.1 M CeCl3·7H2O and 3% H2O2 and was acidified to pH 1.9 with HCl. Upon immersion, there was an induction period that included activation followed by aluminium oxide growth over the matrix and cerium oxide deposition onto cathodic intermetallic particles and along rolling marks on the surface. After the induction period cerium oxide deposited generally across the whole surface and thickened. The strongest anodic sites initially were adjacent to the intermetallic cathodes and resulted in aluminium dissolution but also oxide thickening. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scientists' views of science, models of writing, and science writing practices
Authors: Yore Larry D. , Hand Brian M. , Florence Marilyn K. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractWritten and oral communications and the processes of writing and reading are highly valued within the scientific community; scientists who communicate well are successful in gaining recognition and support from members of their own communities, the research funding agencies, and the wider society. Yet how do scientists achieve this proficiency? Are expert scientists equally expert writers in and of science? Do scientists' perceptions of the nature of science influence their writing strategies and processes, and their beliefs about the role of writing in knowledge construction? This study used a questionnaire and semistructured interviews to document these perceptions, strategies, processes, and beliefs in a nonrandom sample of Canadian university scientists and engineers. The results indicate that the scientists subscribed to a contemporary evaluativist view of science, used common writing strategies, held similar beliefs about scientific writing and nonscientific writing, and agreed that writing generates insights and clarifies ambiguity in science. The engineers held a different view of technology than the common views of science or technology as simply applied science. These findings were slightly different than those found for American scientists from a large land‐grant university. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 41: 338–369, 2004
Cassettes for the PCR‐mediated construction of regulatable alleles in Candida albicans
Authors: Gerami‐Nejad Maryam , Hausauer Danielle , McClellan Mark , Berman Judith , Gale Cheryl 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe recent availability of genome sequence information for the opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans has greatly facilitated the ability to perform genetic manipulations in this organism. Two important molecular tools for studying gene function are regulatable promoters for generating conditional mutants and fluorescent proteins for determining the subcellular localization of fusion gene products. We describe a set of plasmids containing promoter–GFP cassettes (PMET3–GFP, PGAL1–GFP, and PPCK1–GFP), linked to a selectable nutritional marker gene (URA3). PCR‐mediated gene modification generates gene‐specific promoter, or gene‐specific promoter–GFP, fusions at the 5′‐end of the gene of interest. One set of primers can be used to generate three strains expressing a native protein of interest, or an amino‐terminal GFP‐tagged version, from three different regulatable promoters. Thus, these promoter cassette plasmids facilitate construction of conditional mutant strains, overexpression alleles and/or inducible amino‐terminal GFP fusion proteins. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural analysis of glucoamylase encoded by the STA1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (var. diastaticus)
Authors: Adam Ana Cristina , Latorre‐García Lorena , Polaina Julio 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe sequence of the STA1‐encoded glucoamylase of amylolytic Saccharomyces cerevisiae (var. diastaticus) strains shows two well‐defined regions: an amino‐terminal part rich in serine and threonine residues and a carboxy‐terminal part very similar to the catalytic domain of other fungal glucoamylases. A version of the enzyme in which most of the amino‐terminal region was deleted still has glucoamylase activity, indicating that the remaining carboxy‐terminal part forms a functional catalytic domain. Homology‐based models of the two parts of the protein have been obtained. As expected, the shortened form of the enzyme is very similar to the catalytic domain of related glucoamylases of known structure. However, the amino‐terminal part yielded a structure revealing an unexpected similarity to bacterial invasins, suggesting functional connections between several yeast proteins homologous to STA1‐encoded glucoamylase and invasins. A characteristic of Saccharomyces glucoamylase in its native form is its extreme degree of glycosylation. Despite its high molecular mass (about 300 kDa), and in contrast with what occurs with other extracellular glycoproteins produced by yeast, the enzyme does not remain attached to the cell wall, being fully and efficiently secreted into the medium, even when it is produced in large amounts by overexpression of its gene. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of the transcriptional response to cell wall stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Boorsma André , Nobel Hans de , Riet Bas ter , Bargmann Bastiaan , Brul Stanley , Hellingwerf Klaas J. , Klis Frans M. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe cell wall perturbants Calcofluor white and Zymolyase activate the Pkc1–Rho1‐controlled Slt2p MAP kinase pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A downstream transcription factor of this pathway, Rlm1p, is known to control expression of about 20 cell wall‐related genes. Global transcript analysis of Calcofluor white and Zymolyase treatment was performed to determine whether cell wall stress affects transcription of these and other genes. Transcript profiles were analysed using two recently developed algorithms, viz. REDUCE, which correlates upstream regulatory motifs with expression, and Quontology, which compares expression of genes from functional groups with overall gene expression. Both methods indicated upregulation of Rlm1p‐controlled cell wall genes and STRE‐controlled genes, and downregulation of ribosomal genes and rRNA genes. Comparison of these expression profiles with the published profiles of two constitutively active upstream activators of the Slt2p–MAP kinase pathway, viz. Pkc1‐R398A and Rho1‐Q68A, revealed significant similarity. In addition, a new putative regulatory motif, CCC(N)10GGC, was found. In Zymolyase ‐treated cells a regulatory site was identified, ATGACGT, which resembles the AFT/CRE binding site. Interestingly, Sko1p, a downstream regulator of the high osmolarity pathway is known to bind to the AFT/CRE binding site, suggesting a possible role for the Hog1 pathway in the response to cell wall stress. Finally, using REDUCE, an improved version of the Rlm1 binding motif, viz. TA(W)4TAGM, was discovered. We propose that this version can be used in combination with REDUCE as a sensitive indicator of cell wall stress. Taken together, our data indicate that cell wall stress results in activation of various signalling pathways including the cell wall integrity pathway. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular characterization of the glutathione‐dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase gene FLD1 from the methylotrophic yeast Pichia methanolica
Authors: Nakagawa Tomoyuki , Ito Takashi , Fujimura Shuki , Chikui Mika , Mizumura Tasuku , Miyaji Tatsuro , Yurimoto Hiroya , Kato Nobuo , Sakai Yasuyoshi , Tomizuka Noboru 
Published: March 2004

AbstractIn this paper, we describe molecular characterization of the FLD1 gene, which encodes glutathione‐dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FLD), from the methylotrophic yeast Pichia methanolica. The P. methanolica FLD1 gene contains two exons corresponding to a gene product of 380 amino acid residues and a 225 bp intron, respectively, and its deduced amino acid sequence shows high similarity to those of Fld1ps from other methylotrophic yeasts (80–88%). In P. methanolica, FLD activity is mainly induced by methanol, and this induction is not completely repressed by glucose. Moreover, the expression of the PmFLD1 is strictly regulated, mainly at the mRNA level, its expression increasing with increasing methanol concentrations in the medium. These results suggest that FLD1 is involved in the detoxification of formaldehyde in methanol metabolism, and Fld1p coordinates the formaldehyde level in methanol‐grown cells according to the methanol concentration on growth. The sequence has been submitted to the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under Accession No. AB112935. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.