bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Barbiturates in the Treatment of Cyclic Vomiting During Childhood
Authors: Gokhale Ranjana , Huttenlocher Peter R. , Brady Lynda , Kirschner Barbara S. 
Published: February 2024

Background:Cyclic vomiting is an uncommon disorder that can be described as recurrent, self‐limiting, fairly uniform episodes of intractable nausea and vomiting with no identifiable organic cause, separated by symptom‐free intervals. There is no established therapeutic regimen for this disorder.Methods:Fourteen children referred to the Pediatric Gastroenterology Clinic were diagnosed with cyclic vomiting from May 1984 to January 1995. Vomiting, the predominant symptom, was present in all children and was severe enough to require hospitalization in 11. Associated symptoms included abdominal ain, headache, nausea, aura, and fever. Diagnostic studies were done to rule out organic causes as indicated in individual patients. Daily phenobarbital was prescribed in all 14 patients. The dose ranged from 30 to 120 mg/hr (mean 2 mg · kg‐1 · day‐1), with a median dose of 60 mg/hr. Prior therapy with propranolol (3 patients) and butalbital (2 patients) had been ineffective.Results:Eleven patients had complete resolution of their symptoms, and 3 patients had marked improvement in their symptoms with infrequent attacks of reduced severity. The only side effects associated with long‐term phenobarbital therapy were behavioral in nature, namely hyperactivity and disruptive behavior at school.Conclusions:The results of our series of 14 patients, all of whom received barbiturates, support the usefulness of this therapeutic approach. Hence we feel that daily low‐dose phenobarbital therapy is a safe and effective therapy in preventing episodes of cyclic vomiting in children.
Increased Levels of Prostaglandins and Nitric Oxide in Esophageal Mucosa of Children with Reflux Esophagitis
Authors: Zicari Alessandra , Corrado Giovanni , Cavaliere Marisa , Frandina Giuseppe , Rea Patrizia , Pontieri Giuseppe , Cardi Ettore , Cucchiara Salvatore 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTBackground:Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is said to be both protective and detrimental for esophageal mucosal integrity. Nitric oxide (NO) controls several esophageal neuromuscular functions, including relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter. The purpose of this study was to verify PGE2 and NO levels in esophageal mucosa of children with reflux esophagitis.Methods:The patients were 10 children, age range 7 to 12 years, affected by reflux esophagitis. The control subjects were 10 children, age range 6 to 11 years, with recurrent abdominal pain. Tissue fragments obtained by esophageal biopsies were placed in a culture medium and processed to obtain a cell suspension. Cells were incubated for 24 hours at 37 °C. Thereafter, supernatants were collected and divided into aliquots to determine the amounts of PGE2 and NO metabolites.Results:Esophageal cells obtained from reflux esophagitis patients synthesize and release a significantly higher (p < 0.01) amount of PGE2 and NO (PGE2 1.9 ± 0.56 ng/106 cells per 24 hours; NO 124.94 ± 18.36 μM/106 cells per 24 hours) than did the control group (PGE2 0.66 ± 0.14 ng/106 cells per 24 hours; NO 68.03 ±12.3 μM/106 cells per 24 hours).Conclusions:These results suggest that in esophageal mucosa, PGE2 and NO, in low concentrations, are protective, whereas, at high doses, they can be harmful. Higher amounts of PGE2 and NO in the esophageal mucosa of reflux esophagitis patients suggest that similar noxious stimuli trigger the inducible forms of the respective enzyme.
Autoantibodies in Celiac Disease: Importance of Fibroblasts
Authors: Sulkanen Satu , Halttunen Tuula , Marttinen Aulis , Leivo Eeva‐Liisa , Laurila Kaija , Mäki Markku 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTBackground:Serum reticulin and endomysium autoantibodies are highly celiac disease‐specific, and the autoantigens have been shown to be derived from human fibroblasts. Among human tissues, the umbilical cord also expresses these antigens. This study was conducted to compare different autoantibody tests and especially to elucidate whether human umbilical cord is a suitable substrate in tests and whether the cord jelly‐derived fibroblasts express the antigens.Methods:The indirect immunofluorescence method was used to detect the tissue and Wharton's jelly‐derived fibroblast antibodies in 334 celiac disease and control sera samples. Affinity chromatography studies were used to show the correlation between human fibroblast‐derived autoantigens and tissue and gliadin antibodies. The jelly‐derived fibroblasts were used as antigen in a whole‐cell enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.Results:Celiac disease patient sera showed IgA‐class human umbilical cord antibody with high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (99%). All celiac disease patient sera tested showed in indirect immunofluorescence the molecules expressed by Wharton's jelly‐derived fibroblasts. The whole‐cell fibroblast autoantibody enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 81%. Human fibroblast‐derived celiac disease autoantigens absorbed most of the IgA responsible for human umbilical cord antibodies but not the IgA responsible for gliadin antibodies in the same sera.Conclusions:Wharton's jelly‐derived fibroblast autoantibodies tested in a novel whole‐cell enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay correlated well with the human umbilical cord but not with gliadin antibodies.
Ultrasound Appearance of the Endometrium Post‐Radiofrequency Ablation
Authors: Carrel‐Lammert Meredith , Parikh Shivani , Devaiah C. Ganga , Patel Nima R. , Crisp Catrina C. 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveTo describe the ultrasonographic appearance of the post‐ablative endometrium to improve knowledge of its sonographic findings.MethodsThis was an Institutional Review Board approved prospective study of patients who underwent second‐generation endometrial ablation from 2016 to 2019 at a single health system. Patients had postoperative transvaginal ultrasounds at 2, 6, and 12 months. Ultrasound reports were analyzed for endometrial thickness, description of the endometrium and myometrium, presence of uterine fibroids, and uterine size. Statistical tests for repeated measures were utilized.ResultsThere were 68 patients with the average age of 42 (SD 6) years and a BMI of 33 (SD 8). Preoperatively the average endometrial thickness was 10 mm, uterine length was 9.7 cm, and 38.2% had leiomyoma. The average endometrial thickness decreased at each ultrasound: 8.4 mm (SD 3.4), 7.2 mm (SD 3.0), and 5.8 mm (SD 2.5) at 2, 6, and 12 months, respectively. When comparing endometrial thickness postoperatively there was a significant difference at 2 and 12 months (P = .041), and 6 and 12 months (P = .031). There was no change during the postoperative period in the presence of leiomyoma, hyperechoic endometrium, hypoechoic endometrium, heterogeneous endometrium, and cystic endometrium on the ultrasounds.ConclusionAfter ablation with a second‐generation device, the endometrial thickness on ultrasound decreases with time following surgery. Additional studies correlating these findings to clinical outcomes would be useful.
Treatment and referral patterns of patients with atopic dermatitis from the Danish primary care system to the tertiary care system
Authors: Danielsen Anna Kathrine , Frølunde Anne Sofie , Heilskov Sofine , Deleuran Mette , Laust Thomsen Janus , Vestergaard Christian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundPatients with atopic dermatitis (AD) are mostly managed by general practitioners (GPs) and practicing dermatologists (PDs) in Denmark. In cases of severe and refractory AD, the primary physician can refer the patient to a specialised dermatology department.ObjectivesAim of the study was to investigate treatment at the time of referral to a specialised dermatology department and the cause stated by the GP in a Danish cohort of AD patients referred to the Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital from 2019 to 2021.MethodsOne hundred and thirty cases were randomly selected via diagnosis codes for AD. Information regarding the cause for referral and treatment given at time of referral was obtained from medical records. 18 cases were excluded due to missing referral in the patients' medical records, other diagnosis than AD or treatment initiation before 2019. The final cohort consisted of 112 cases. Differences between patients referred from GP and PD were analysed with Fisher's exact test.ResultsMost cases were referred by PDs (45.5%) and GPs (24.1%). GPs primarily referred due to acute flare‐ups in need of treatment (40.7%), and PDs due to lacking disease control (64.7%), (p‐values < 0.0018). GPs generally included more descriptive information in their referrals than PDs, however, only the difference in mentioning sleep disturbance was significant (p‐value = 0.0144). Topical corticosteroids were the preferred treatments before referral regardless of the referring doctor, with no statistical differences. Topical calcineurin inhibitors were significantly more used among PD‐referred patients compared to GP‐referred patients (p‐value = 0.0018). Systemic therapy was initiated in 45 patients (40.2%) at the tertiary hospital with no differences between referral from either GPs or PDs.ConclusionsThe study identified few differences in the referral pattern of AD to a tertiary treatment center from GPs and PDs. No major deviations from Danish guidelines were found.
Implementation of AI Based Model for Identification of Different Soil Types Using Tensorflow
Authors: Mavi Sheetal , Mittal Neetu , Sarangi Pradeepta Kumar 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe agricultural industry is among the most important industry in the world and playing a critical part in human growth. Soil classification is becoming incredibly valuable, and recent study reveals that classification of images is proven as the preferred way of soil information for farmers. The testing of soil is the first step in construction planning to determine whether the plot of land is suitable for constructing any structure in order to prevent future disasters. In this work, the model has been proposed to address the visual classification of types of soil using the deep neural network (DNN) and tensor flow framework. Further, AI based sequential model has been created in python to classify the soil. This has been analyzed that with the use of proposed technique five types of soil viz. black, cinder, laterite, peat, and yellow soil has been classified while keeping the practical simplicity of the images. Far superior accuracy has been achieved using the CNN model on the above dataset. The model is useful for farmers to increase the crop production after identification of the appropriate soil type for respective crops.
To Study the Effect of Nanoparticle TiO2 on Sodium (Na+) – Ion Conducting Solid Polymer Electrolyte System: [80PEO:20NaPF6]
Authors: Sahu Manju , Kumar Niranjan , Agrawal R. C. , Mahipal Y. K. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTo study the effect of nanofiller particle TiO2 on sodium (Na+) – ion conducting solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) film: [80PEO:20NaPF6] and nanocomposite polymer electrolyte (NCPE): [80PEO:20NaPF6] + xTiO2, where x = 1–9 wt. (%) have been prepared. SPE film composition: [80PEO:20NaPF6] selects as Ist‐phase host and nano‐sized (<100 nm) filler materials TiO2 as IInd‐phase dispersoid. Both SPE and NCPE films have been prepared by the hot‐press technique. Filler particle‐dependent conductivity study reveals the NCPE system: [80PEO:20NaPF6] + 8TiO2 as the highest conducting composition with σrt − 3.53 × 10−6 S cm−1, which is approximately one order of magnitude higher than the SPE optimum conducting composition (OCC) (σrt) ≈ 7.78 × 10−7 S cm−1. Ion transport properties for both SPE and NCPE system have been evaluated in terms of ionic conductivity (σ) and total ionic (tion)/cationic (t+) transference numbers using combined AC/DC techniques in order to evaluate its usefulness in all‐solid‐state battery applications. Structural/thermal properties have been characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques. A cyclic voltammetry (CV) study has been performed in SPE and NCPE OCC film to evaluate the electrochemical performance for battery application.
Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease – An Overview
Authors: Tyagi Uma , Tripathy Divya Bajpai , Gupta Anjali , Bisht Kiran , Nain Anurag 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder with a significant global impact on public health. The emergence of atypical clinical phenotypes challenges traditional diagnostic approaches, necessitating a deeper exploration of biomarkers for accurate identification. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) classification of biomarkers and their integration into different stages of AD provide a structured framework for their application in research and clinical settings. Within the context of AD drug development, biomarkers are essential for participant selection, target engagement evaluation, and assessment of pathological hallmarks, including Aβ and tau protein abnormalities. The incorporation of nanoparticles with a biodegradable approach introduces innovative strategies to address the complexities of AD. This paper extensively discusses biomarkers associated with synaptic dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and glial activation, recognizing their significance in elucidating disease mechanisms. Common pathologies such as synuclein and TDP‐43 further underscore the multifaceted nature of AD. Current biomarkers for AD diagnosis, encompassing cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers and various imaging modalities, reflect the ongoing efforts to enhance early detection and monitoring. Intriguingly, novel biomarkers continue to emerge, offering promising avenues for improved understanding and intervention. Current review provides a comprehensive survey of biomarkers for AD, elucidating their diverse roles across different aspects of the disease. By highlighting their contributions to diagnosis, drug development, and mechanistic insights, this overview underscores the importance of biomarker research in the pursuit of effective AD management and treatment strategies.
Microwave‐Mediated Modification of Selected Limonoids with DMAB Reagent and Antibacterial Studies
Authors: Jayakumar S. Venkatesan , Saxena Amit , Tomar Divya Rana 
Published: February 2024

AbstractN,N‐Dimethylaniline.borane (DMAB) is a stable, multifaceted electrophilic boron agent that displays hydroboration of C = C as well as selective reduction of functional groups under reflux, microwave, and ultrasound conditions. Natural products contain a plethora of functional groups that govern the specific bioactivity. It will be interesting to correlate the change in a functional group with the concern for change in bioactivity. Current research emphasizes the influence of microwave irradiation on moderately reactive DMAB reagent towards the functional group modification of selected limonoid‐phytochemicals of Meliaceae family viz. cedrelone, azadirone, nimbin, and azadiradione. DMAB conveniently reduces the ketone, epoxide group into alcohol, and does a hydroboration reaction on the C = C bond. It does not show interest to reduce the ester group irrespective of 30 min of MW irradiation. Except for these reducing properties, the reagent DMAB unveils chemo‐selective nature in respect of different functional groups and utilizes in an asymmetric synthesis. The coalescence of amine.borane with microwave irradiation brings forth a commodious and prompt method for the selective reduction of functional groups. The bioactive efficacy of modified phytochemicals is further taken for the antimicrobial studies.
Review on Application of Lightweight Cenosphere in Construction Material
Authors: Zanjad Nilesh , Pawar Shantanu , Nayak Chittaranjan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThere are many industrial waste products used in the construction industry like rice husk ash, fly ash phosphogypsum, marble powder, cenosphere, silica fume, copper slag, granulated blast furnace slag, etc. It is observed that the use of all waste materials is beneficial for improving the properties of cement concrete and also making a hunk of lightweight cement concrete. In that material, the cenosphere is the most economical material in the construction industry, so both waste materials are used in most of the experimental works. This review focuses on the concrete prepared by replacing cement and fine aggregate with the cenosphere at various percentages for the preparation of lightweight cement concrete. The usual way to use cenosphere is up to 30% replacement as fine aggregate or 20% replacement of cement gives good results. These reviews discuss the usability and extraction of cenosphere from fly ash, its properties, and applications. Also observed are the final optimum percentages for compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength for 7, 14, and 28 days.
Preparation and Characterization of CuCrO2 Prepared by Solid State Reaction Method
Authors: Katariya Nitu , Songara Isha , Venkatesh Radha Krishnan , Ganesan Vedachalaiye 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRecently, delafossite materials have captured the interest of numerous researchers due to their unique characteristics of p‐type conductivity and transparency. These materials exhibit promising potential in various applications such as photovoltaics, sensors, and transparent electronics. This paper presents a detailed account of the preparation of CuCrO2 delafossite via the solid‐state reaction method. The structural properties of the sample are analyzed using XRD which confirms rhombohedral crystal structure with R‐3m space group. The optical band gap was determined to be 3.39 eV through UV‐visible spectroscopy. The morphology is studied using Laser Confocal scanning optical microscopy and the estimated grain size is found to be within the range of 7 µm.
Effect of Boundaries on Pattern Formation in a Monolayer of Interacting Dipoles
Authors: Raghunatha C. , Chirania Nishant R. , Niranjan M. , Devi A. R. Usha , Rangwala S. A. , Bhattacharya Sarbari 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSelf‐organization can be defined as a process of arrangement of entities that start out in an irregular arrangement and evolve into a stable, regular pattern without the aid of an external agent. A system of magnetic particles that are constrained to move only in a plane is reported. The individual components in the system have dipole moments in an orientation perpendicular to the plane of motion and the interaction between components is purely repulsive. For such a system, it is attempted to understand the influence of the boundary of the monolayer on the patterns that emerge. A system with a small number of magnets is found where the range of the magnetic interactions is of the size of the boundary; the symmetry of the boundary imposed on the monolayer plays a crucial role in determining the pattern types, the number of different pattern types, and the frequency of appearance of a particular pattern type. The effect of scaling up the size of the system while maintaining the characteristics of individual components as well as the component areal density is also discussed.
Eggshell Nanosheets: Synthesis, Properties, and Their Forensic Applications in Latent Friction Ridges Development
Authors: Sankhla Mahipal Singh , Verma Rohit Kumar , Nagar Varad , Sharma Vaibhav , Jain Divyansh , Sharma Anuj , Kumar Sanjay , Awasthi Kumud Kant , Pandey Harsh , Pandey Kamakshi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSince waste materials are used to identify, individualize, and evaluate evidence like fingerprints, palmprints, footprints, etc. that are found at a crime scene, they have a substantial impact on the field of forensic science. Many waste powders have recently been employed in fingerprint recognition. Nanosheets made up of eggshells have been put forward as an application in friction ridge development. Eggshell is a biochemical substance made up of chemical compounds like calcium carbonate, which is considered as a waste product. For the formation of an eggshell nanosheet (ESN), shells are dried and crushed into a fine powder and to get this powder in the form of a nanosheet, the Ball milling technique is used. The synthesis of pure ESN is confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The size of nanosheets ranged from 30 to 90 nm as shown in SEM images. Developed powder is then used for the application of fingerprint development and it provides excellent results on all porous, non‐porous, and semi‐porous surfaces. Thus, this newly synthesized ESN powder can be used as a significant powder method in latent fingerprint technology.
Review on Comparative Study of Solid Polymer Electrolyte Polyethylene Oxide (PEO) Doped with Ionic Liquid
Authors: Rawat Suneyana , Singh Pramod K. , Pandey Shri Prakash , Singh Ram Chandra 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFuture demands for energy shortages have prompted a lot of effort to be put into finding alternatives. The use of renewable energies as a revolutionary energy source has gained acceptance. Due to their high flexibility and the interaction between the electrode and the electrolyte, solid polymer electrolytes are employed as a favorable electrolyte for application of electrochemical devices to storage renewable energy. As these are easy in synthesis, have much lower mass density, shows high mechanical stability, also have low binding energy with salts, and high mobility of charge carriers, polyethylene Oxide (PEO) based electrolyte has attracted a lot of interest. Configuration rectification combining PEO with ionic liquids has been introduced to enhance the low ionic conductivity and poor thermodynamic stability of the PEO materials in high‐voltage devices at ambient temperature. This configuration modification can successfully validate the applications of PEO polymer electrolyte with large electro‐stable voltage ranges. Solution casting method has been used for the synthesis of polymer electrolyte. The essential physical characteristics of PEO in polymer matrices work as a polymer host in SPEs has been described in this review paper, along with several modifications to overcome these limitations. It has been seen that the addition of ionic liquid increases the all over conductivity of the solid polymer electrolyte in most cases also improves the electrical stability of the electrolyte.
Toxicological Effects of Metal Nanoparticles Employed in Biomedicine: Biocompatibility, Clinical Trials, and Future Perspective
Authors: Krishna Rohith , Nagar Varad , Kaur Anureet , Rai Abhishek R. , Awasthi Kumud Kant , Awasthi Garima , Sankhla Mahipal Singh 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMetal nanoparticles play a crucial role in the medical industry due to its desirable properties such as antimicrobial activity, anti‐cancer property, and its application in disease diagnostics. These properties enable the nanoparticles to be used as efficient medical devices for various treatments as well as drug delivery systems. Despite all the positives, metal nanoparticles are known for causing toxicity in the living system. The toxicological effects of metal nanoparticles are due to their size, surface*e coating, and the dose administered. Therefore, it is important to study the toxic effects of these nanoparticles before they are used as medical devices for various treatments. This review focuses on the five major metal nanoparticles used in the medical field, namely; silver, gold, iron oxide, zinc oxide, and titanium dioxide nanoparticles. The non‐exhaustive review consists of an introduction to the toxicological effects of these nanoparticles, the biocompatibility, and the current and future clinical perspective on metal nanoparticles.