bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE TREATMENT OF MILD ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA AND ASSOCIATED INFERTILITY WITH PREDNISONE
Authors: Sarris S. , Swyer G. I. M. , Ward R. H. T. , Lawrence Daphne M. , McGarrigle H. H. , Little Valerie 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThirty patients with mild post‐pubertal adrenal hyperplasia, characterized by raised urinary 17‐oxosteroid levels and variable combinations of irregular menses, hirsuties, infertility, and spontaneous abortion, were treated with 2.5 to 10 mg of prednisone per day and all conceived (55 pregnancies). With this treatment, regular, ovulatory cycles occurred immediately in 25 patients, and after two to six months, in the rest. Treatment reduced raised 17‐oxosteroid levels to normal and brought about some improvement in hirsuties and acne. Forty‐seven pregnancies ended in the birth of liveborn infants; one of these died of prematurity and another had congenital emphysema. One pregnancy was terminated, two were of unknown outcome and five (9.4 per cent) ended in abortion. Before treatment, 20 out of 22 pregnancies (91 per cent) had ended in abortion.
AMOEBIASIS IN PREGNANCY AND THE PUERPERIUM
Authors: Armon P. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe overall incidence and mortality of amoebiasis in the Kilimanjaro Region of Tanzania is briefly reviewed and seven patients with fatal amoebic colitis occurring during pregnancy and the puerperium are described. The possible causes of the fulminating course of the disease in pregnancy are considered and the management is discussed.
MATERNAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING TWIN BIRTHS IN CANADIAN CITIES
Authors: Elwood J. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryDetails of 4972 pairs of twins born to mothers resident in 14 large Canadian cities in the years 1952, 1957, 1962, and 1967 were compared to those of a random sample of 4969 single births. Both dizygotic and monozygotic twinning rates, derived by Weinberg's formula, showed increases with both maternal age and with the number of previous livebirths. Dizygotic twinning rates also showed a seasonal variation with an October maximum. Twinning rates were lower in Oriental women, but did not vary between other ethnic groups, or by city of residence, legitimacy, paternal age or maternal history of stillbirths.The data were kindly supplied by Mr N. Tompkins and the staff of Statistics Canada, and computer programming was performed by Mr K. Johnson.
THE COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF A SYNTHETIC AND A‘NATURAL’ OESTROGEN ON THE HAEMOSTATIC MECHANISM IN PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY AMENORRHOEA
Authors: Toy J. L. , Davies J. A. , Hancock K. W. , Mcnicol G. P. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA synthetic and a natural oestrogen were administered alternately for three months to nine women with primary amenorrhoea using a randomized cross‐over schedule. Measurements of haemostatic function were performed before and at the end of each treatment period. No significant change in haemostatic function was observed after treatment with the‘natural’ oestrogen, oestriol succinate. In contrast, treatment with a synthetic oestrogen, ethinyloestradiol, caused shortening of the prothrombin time and an increase in plasma concentration of factor VII and plasminogen. These data support other observations in suggesting that natural oestrogens may have fewer potentially adverse effects on haemostatic function than synthetic oestrogen.We thank the Special Trustees of Leeds General Infirmary for financial support towards the technical costs of this project. Organon Laboratories Limited provided generous financial assistance and the oestriol succinate tablets used in the study. We are grateful to Mrs B. Griffin, Mrs A. Spencer, Mrs G. Levell and Mr J. Leek for technical help.
SERUM FSH, LH AND OESTRONE LEVELS IN POSTMENOPAUSAL PATIENTS ON OESTROGEN THERAPY
Authors: Larsson‐Cohn U. , Johansson E. D. B. , Kågedal B. , Wallentin L. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySerum FSH, LH and oestrone levels were determined in postmenopausal women before and at 1, 3 and 6 months after the onset of cyclical treatment with 0·05 mg of ethinyl oestradiol (n = 19) or 2 mg of oestradiol valerianate (n = 20). Most samples from the women taking oestradiol valerianate were also analyzed for oestradiol. Vaginal smears were obtained from all patients. Although all women were relieved of vasomotor symptoms, the FSH levels usually exceeded the fertile range. Ethinyl oestradiol reduced FSH by 70 to 75 per cent and LH by 30 to 40 per cent while oestrone was increased by 20 to 40 per cent. In the women taking oestradiol valerianate, FSH and LH levels were both reduced by 20 to 25 per cent whereas serum oestradiol increased by 200 to 300 per cent and oestrone increased by 600 to 700 per cent. The mean vaginal maturation value rose equally in the two groups but 40 per cent of the patients in both groups showed no change in the value. There was no correlation between the appearance of vaginal endocrine smears and hormone levels.
MENSTRUAL PATTERNS AFTER LAPAROSCOPIC STERILIZATION USING A SPRING‐LOADED CLIP
Authors: Lieberman B. A. , Belsey Elizabeth , Gordon A. G. , Wright C. S. W. , Letchworth A. T. , Noble A. D. , Neven P. A. R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryDetails of the menstrual cycles in 504 women were recorded before laparoscopic sterilization with a spring‐loaded clip and at six months and one year after the procedure. The operation did not affect the length of the menstrual cycle or duration of menstrual flow, nor the patient's assessment of the amount of blood loss or the incidence of dysmenorrhoea. The previous method of contraception was significantly related to subsequent menstrual patterns.We are indebted to Ms Margaret Hughes, Ms Sylvia Keilor, Ms Ann Robinson and Ms Sharon Lindop for their invaluable help with data collection and patient follow‐up. Ms Hughes kindly typed the manuscript. Data collection was funded by the International Fertility Research Program, Research Triangle, North Carolina, USA.
A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL OF A SHORT COURSE OF CEPHALORIDINE IN THE PREVENTION OF INFECTION AFTER ABDOMINAL HYSTERECTOMY
Authors: Mathews D. D. , Agarwal Visanta , Ross Helen 
Published: August 2005

SummaryOne hundred patients took part in a randomized controlled trial to test the efficacy of three 1 g doses of cephaloridine in preventing infection after abdominal hysterectomy. The first dose was given as an intravenous bolus at the commencement of surgery and the second and third as intramuscular injections 6 and 12 hours later. Given in this way, cephaloridine was found to be very effective in preventing febrile morbidity, abdominal wound infection and urinary tract infection. It was less effective in preventing pelvic wound infection and postoperative colonization of the vagina with Escherichia coli.Our thanks are due to Dr Clive Dash of Glaxo Laboratories Limited for supplying us with so much information about cephaloridine and for his help and encouragement throughout the trial. We are also grateful to all the hospital staff who helped with the trial.
THE VALUE OF A SCORING SYSTEM IN PREDICTING OUTCOME OF PRE‐TERM LABOUR AND COMPARING THE EFFICACY OF TREATMENT WITH AMINOPHYLLINE AND SALBUTAMOL
Authors: Liu D. T. Y. , Blackwell R. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA simple score, derived by allocating points to a selection of factors which influence the outcome of pre‐term labour, was found to relate to the success of treatment. Used as a measure of the situation before therapy, this score can define a baseline allowing a realistic comparison of therapeutic methods. In this series, despite treatment, a large number of patients still were delivered before term and within a few days of admission to hospital. Thus it would seem that although drugs suppress uterine activity, they cannot neutralize the adverse effects of other factors associated with pre‐term labour.
PROPRANOLOL FOR THE TREATMENT OF HYPERTENSION IN PREGNANCY
Authors: Eliahou H. E. , Silverberg D. S. , Reisin E. , Romem I. , Mashiach S. , Serr D. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTwenty‐five women were treated with propranolol during 26 pregnancies complicated by hypertension. The fetal wastage, which had been 48 per cent before treatment with propranolol was reduced to 15·4 per cent, with one missed abortion and three stillbirths. Of the 22 livebornGG infants 2 were small‐for‐dates but all 22 had Apgar scores of 9 or 10 at five minutes. There were no congenital anomalies in 25 viable infants and none of the 22 liveborn infants had clinical or laboratory evidence of hypoglycaemia. The blood pressure was controlled in 17 of 19 patients taking propranolol alone (40 to 160 mg/day) and in 6 of 7 taking propranolol with diuretics.
AN INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATIVE STUDY OF THE ASSAY OF HUMAN PLACENTAL LACTOGEN: ESTABLISHMENT OF WHO INTERNATIONAL REFERENCE PREPARATION OF HUMAN PLACENTAL LACTOGEN
Authors: Cotes P. Mary , Das R. E. Gaines 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA reference preparation of human placental lactogen (HPL) for use in immunoassays is described. In an international collaborative study it was found to be stable and suitable for use as a standard for HPL in plasma. Estimates of HPL in plasma made in different laboratories agreed more closely when expressed in terms of this reference preparation than in terms of individual laboratory standards. The reference preparation is available in ampoules (coded 73/545) which each contain an identical amount of HPL, found in the study to be approximately 850 μg. The preparation has been established as the International Reference Preparation for HPL for immunoassay and, based on the results of the study, the content of each ampoule is defined as 850 micro International Units.
A SURVEY OF 100 PATIENTS WHO HAD LAPAROSCOPIC VENTROSUSPENSIONS
Authors: Paterson M. E. L. , Jordan J. A. , Logan‐Edwards R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe technique for and results of 100 laparoscopic ventrosuspensions are described; patients were followed for an average of 40 months and in all but 11 the uterus was anteverted at the end of the follow‐up period. The presenting symptoms of dyspareunia, dysmenorrhoea or sacral backache were almost always improved as a result of the operation.The authors thank Professor H. C. McLaren, Mr J. Kelly, Mr W. G. Mills, Mr H. O. Nicholson and Mr H. Roberts for allowing their patients to be studied.
PLASMA TESTOSTERONE IN MOLAR PREGNANCY: CORRELATION WITH GESTATIONAL AGE, UTERINE SIZE, THECA‐LUTEIN CYST AND SERUM HCG
Authors: Chew P. C. T. , Ratnam S. S. , Goh H. H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPlasma testosterone and serum HCG were measured by radioimmunoassay in 46 patients with intact molar pregnancy. There was no significant difference in plasma testosterone between patients with theca‐lutein cyst and those without the cyst. This suggests that ovarian contribution to the elevated testosterone in molar pregnancy is probably a minor one. No correlation was found between plasma testosterone and uterine size. However, a positive correlation (r =+O·3567, P<0·00l) was found between plasma testosterone and HCG and a rising trend in plasma testosterone was observed with increasing gestation. These results suggest that molar trophoblast is probably the major source of elevated testosterone in the maternal circulation.
THE INFLUENCE OF PRE‐INDUCTION VAGINAL PROSTAGLANDIN E2 GEL UPON SUBSEQUENT LABOUR
Authors: Mackenzie I. Z. , Embrey M. P. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryEight hundred and three patients with singleton viable pregnancies and fetal cephalic presentation were given prostaglandin E, in viscous gel by intravaginal instillation the evening before planned surgical induction. When the cervix was ‘ripe’, surgical induction was avoided in 65·9 per cent of primigravidae and 87 5 per cent of multigravidae; the administration of epidural analgesia was less frequent, the rate of spontaneous vaginal delivery greater, the Caesarean section rate lower, and the state of the newborn at delivery better than in those patients who required surgical induction. Side effects attributable to the prostaglandin gel were rare as were complications.
FETAL BREATHING MOVEMENTS IN HIGH RISK PREGNANCY
Authors: Trudinger B. J. , Lewis P. J. , Mangez Jean , O'Connor Evelyn 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn 12 normal and 50 high risk pregnancies fetal breathing and fetal trunk movements were measured by real time ultrasound after the mothers had been given oral glucose. Fetal breathing was significantly reduced in the two fetuses which subsequently died and in five of six fetuses developing fetal distress in labour. Two patterns of breathing were noted in 23 fetuses with cessation of Intrauterine growth: either reduced fetal breathing or almost continuous breathing. Fetal trunk movements were more variable than breathing movements and a reduction in trunk movements had less predictive value.
CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT OF TISSUE pH IN THE HUMAN FETAL SCALP
Authors: Wood C. , Anderson I. , Reddy S. , Shekleton P. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA method for continuous measurement of scalp tissue pH is described. The tissue pH probe was found to be robust and values for tissue pH were close to those for scalp blood pH. Combining the pH and fetal heart rate (FHR) electrodes in the one mechanical assembly facilitated application to the fetal scalp in early labour but the combined assembly electrode was found to have some disadvantages and manufacture of a separate tissue pH electrode is recommended. Continuous monitoring of scalp tissue pH enables closer study of the physiological basis of changes in fetal acid base status and should prove useful to the obstetrician in management of high risk pregnancies during labour.
THE EFFECTS OF QUINESTROL AND BROMOCRIPTINE ON BLOOD COAGULATION, SERUM PROLACTIN AND SERUM FSH LEVELS IN PUERPERAL WOMEN
Authors: Osbourne G. K. , Whigham K. A. E. , Howie P. W. , England P. , Kelly A. , Prentice C. R. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe effects of bromocriptine and quinestrol upon coagulation and fibrinolysis during the puerperium were studied. Quinestrol therapy was associated with increased levels of factors VII and IX and decreased antithrombin activity on the sixth postpartum day, and increased factor IX and plasminogen levels on the fourteenth postpartum day. Six weeks after delivery elevated levels of factors II and VII and of plasminogen were recorded in women given quinestrol. Bromocriptine therapy only caused an increase in the level of factor IX at six weeks after delivery. Compared to controls, patients given bromocriptine had lower prolactin and higher FSH levels during the puerperium whereas the patients given quinestrol had increased prolactin levels and a late fall in FSH levels.
MECONIUM‐LIKE STAINING OF AMNIOTIC FLUID DUE TO HIGH FETAL INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION CASE REPORT
Authors: Williams J. , Zakut H. , Cohen D. , Nissan S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA baby with congenital jejunal and ileal atresia is described. There was meconium‐like staining of the amniotic fluid which was probably due to fetal regurgitation or vomiting.
EFFECTS OF MATERNAL CIGARETTE SMOKING ON THE FETUS AND PLACENTA
Authors: Naeye R. L. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn a large, prospective study, mothers who smoked during one pregnancy but not another had smaller infants in the pregnancy in which they smoked, irrespective of birth order and many other factors that affect fetal growth. Light cigarette smokers gained an average 90 g less at term than non‐smokers, entirely due to the smaller size of the light smokers' newborn infants. Heavy smokers gained 533 g less than non‐smokers, only one‐third of which was due to the smaller size of the heavy smokers' newborn infants. As smoking increased, placentas enlarged and developed microscopic lesions characteristic of underperfusion from the uterus. This underperfusion was probably periodic rather than continuous because the smokers' decidua had few of the arterial lesions that are characteristic of chronic low blood flow. Pregnancies were a mean 1.5 days shorter in smokers than in non‐smokers, due to more frequent amniotic fluid infections in the smokers.
THE EFFECT OF ORAL SALBUTAMOL ON SERUM POTASSIUMAND BLOOD SUGAR
Authors: Hastwell G. , Lambert B. E. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySerum potassium and blood sugar concentrations were measured in six patients treated with oral salbutamol to inhibit premature labour. The fall in serum potassium and rise in blood sugar were variable and not present in every patient. The values returned to the normal range usually within 72 hours of continuous usage of the drug.
CONTINUOUS FETAL TISSUE pH RECORDINGS DURING LABOUR A PRELIMINARY REPORT
Authors: Weber T. , Hahn‐Pedersen Suzanne , Bock J. E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryWe made continuous fetal pH‐measurement in 50 patients and showed a good correlation between tissue pH and umbilical artery, umbilical vein and the fetal scalp blood pH. There were practical problems in the use of the glass pH electrode.
COMPARISON OF PLACEBO AND BROMOCRIPTINE IN THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH NORMOPROLACTINAEMIC AMENORRHOEA
Authors: Crosignani P. G. , Reschini E. , Lombroso G. C. , Arosio M. , Peracchi M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryFourteen women with normoprolactinaemic amenorrhoea were treated with bromocriptine (2.5 mg twice daily) for a period ranging from 4 to 17 weeks, while a matched group of 19 amenorrhoeic women were treated with a placebo (one tablet twice daily) for 4 to 12 weeks. About half of the patients in both groups had at least one episode of vaginal bleeding during treatment. There was no clear difference in the menstrual and ovulatory pattern between placebo and bromocriptine groups.
EFFECT OF SMOKING DURING PREGNANCY UPON THE HAEMATOLOGICAL VALUES OF CORD BLOOD
Authors: D'Ssouza S. W. , Black Patricia M. , Williams Norma , Jennison R. F. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryHaematological indices in cord blood, measured by a Coulter Counter, in 50 mothers who smoked 10 or more cigarettes a day were compared with those in 75 control mothers who were non‐smokers, but of similar age and parity. Smoking during pregnancy was associated with higher levels of haemoglobin, and the haematocrit, as well as with higher red cell counts and a higher mean corpuscular haemoglobin. The percentage of fetal haemoglobin in cord blood was not affected by smoking. There was no correlation between social class and cord blood haemoglobin; but within social class groups, higher cord blood haemoglobin levels were associated with smoking. It is suggested that smoking during pregnancy stimulates fetal erythropoeisis.
VISCOSITY, HAEMATOCRIT, FlBRINOGEN AND PLASMA PROTEINS IN MATERNAL AND CORD BLOOD
Authors: Foley M. E. , Isherwood D. M. , McNicol G. P. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe viscosity at low shear rate of whole blood, plasma and serum, the haematocrit, plasma fibrinogen, plasma proteins, and IgM were measured in maternal and cord blood immediately following delivery. The whole blood viscosity in maternal blood (mean 19.96±3.74 centipoise or c/p) was similar to cord blood viscosity (mean 19.44±4.28 c/p). The mean haematocrit in maternal blood (0.385±0.026) was significantly lower than the cord haematocrit (0.488±0.039). Mean plasma viscosity (1.86±0.47 c/p) and plasma fibrinogen (4.25±0.75 g/litre) in maternal blood were significantly higher than cord plasma viscosity (1.12±0.19 c/p) and cord plasma fibrinogen (1.81±0.61 g/l). Mean serum viscosity (1.22±0.28 c/p) and mean IgM levels (2.38±0.36 g/l) in maternal blood were significantly higher than cord serum viscosity (0.92±0.15 c/p) and cord IgM (0.48±0.06 g/l). The low levels of IgM and fibrinogen may protect the fetus from the increased viscosity that could be expected in association with a high haematocrit.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF RAISED MATERNAL PLASMA ALPHA‐FETOPROTEIN IN TWIN PREGNANCY
Authors: Keilani Z. , Clarke P. C. , Kitau M. J. , Char T. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA hundred twin pregnancies were examined before 27 weeks gestation. The level of maternal plasma alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) was correlated with outcome of the pregnancy. Forty per cent of all women had elevated plasma AFP levels. At birth the combined infant weights were greater in the women with elevated AFP; the gestational age at delivery was unrelated to the level of AFP in early pregnancy.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH LOW BIRTH WEIGHT OF INFANTS DELIVERED AT TERM
Authors: Fedrick Jean , Adelstein Philippa 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe singleton births in the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey (Butler and Bonham, 1963; Butler and Alberman, 1969) were used to study the aetiology of low birth weight of infants delivered at term. After exclusion of macerated stillbirths and infants with lethal congenital defects, 468 infants of 259 days or more gestation and a birth weight which was less than 2500 g were identified. The mothers and their pregnancies were compared with those of the population of 16 994 singleton births. Delivery at term of a low birth weight infant was significantly associated with maternal prepregnant weight, maternal height, maternal smoking, primiparity, maternal employment, low social class, a previous infant of low birth weight, threatened abortion and severe toxaemia. No significant associations were found with illegitimacy, area of residence, previous spontaneous abortion, essential hypertension, mild toxaemia, chronic or acute infections or other conditions. There were significant negative associations with a history of previous large infants and with maternal blood group AB.
ANTENATAL IDENTIFICATION OF WOMEN AT INCREASED RISK OF BEING DELIVERED OF A LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANT AT TERM
Authors: Adelstein Philippa , Fedrick Jean 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA method is described by which the risk of being delivered of a low birth weight infant at term can be predicted during the third trimester. A composite score is obtained by multiplying together relevant relative risks. The effectiveness of the method is discussed.
MEASUREMENT OF THE FETAL HEART RATE DURING PREGNANCY BY A NEW ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE
Authors: Wheeler T. , Murrilis A. , Shelley T. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAn external technique for recording the fetal heart rate (FHR) during pregnancy is described. The system is based upon the detection of the fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) from the maternal abdomen and elimination of the maternal QRS complexes by a new system of subtraction. Fetal QRS complexes with an amplitude of 10 microvolts or more were processed to produce heart rate recordings of much higher quality than previously obtained with the phonocardiographic and ultrasonic systems. The proportion of successful recordings was reduced between 27 and 34 weeks of gestation due to the decrease in size of the fetal QRS complex which occurred at this time; this was a major drawback of the ECG system.
ABNORMAL PLATELET FUNCTION IN PRE‐ECLAMPSIA
Authors: Whigham Kathryn A. E. , Howie P. W. , Drummond A. H. , Prentice C. R. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPlatelet behaviour was studied in groups of women suffering from mild and severe pre‐eclampsia, and compared with normal pregnant and non‐pregnant controls. Platelets from women with severe pre‐eclampsia were less responsive than normal to a variety of aggregating agents, and this impairment was significant in response to collagen and vasopressin. Women with severe pre‐eclampsia had raised plasma adenine nucleotide levels and lowered platelet 5‐hydroxytryptamine levels compared with the controls. Platelets from women with mild pre‐eclampsia showed only a slight difference from normal. These findings may be the result of platelets having undergone aggregation and disaggregation within the circulation, and suggest that platelets may be involved in the pathogenesis of pre‐eclampsia.