bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression Of Mucin Gene Products in Laryngeal Squamous Cancer
Authors: Paleri Vinidh , Pearson Jeff P. , Bulmer David , Jeannon Jean‐Pierre , Wight Richard G. , Wilson Janet A. 
Published: July 2004

OBJECTIVEMucins are high‐molecular‐weight glycoproteins present at the outer surface of mammalian cells. The objective of this study was to examine the expression of mucin (MUC) genes 3, 4, 5AC, 5B, 6, and 7 in early and late laryngeal squamous cancer using the in situ hybridization technique.STUDY DESIGNRetrospective analysis of pathological archive specimens.RESULTSWhile MUC 3 and 7 are expressed in a small proportion of early cancers, MUC 5AC, 5B, and 6 are not expressed in laryngeal squamous cancer. MUC 4 was expressed in 13 of the 30 patients. Ten patients and 3 patients with stage 1 and stage 4 disease respectively expressed MUC 4 gene (Fisher's exact, P = 0.02). MUC 4‐positive patients had a definite trend towards better survival (log rank test, P = 0.05). In the presence of tumor stage and comorbidity grade, Cox's proportional hazards model failed to statistically confirm the survival advantage provided by MUC 4 gene expression.CONCLUSIONThere is a survival advantage for patients with advanced‐stage nonmetastatic cancer when the MUC 4 gene is expressed. AIMS: To study the expression of mucin (MUC) genes 3, 4, 5AC, 5B, 6, and 7 in early and advanced squamous cell cancer of the larynx; to attempt to correlate changes in gene expression with tumor stage by studying stage I and stage IV (AJCC, 1988) tumors.
Wireless pH testing as an adjunct to unsedated transnasal esophagoscopy: The safety and efficacy of transnasal telemetry capsule placement
Authors: Belafsky Peter C. , Allen Katy , Rosario Lynn Castro‐Del , Roseman David 
Published: July 2004

OBJECTIVESThe introduction of 48‐hour wireless pH testing offers clinicians a new alternative for the objective documentation of reflux. The success of transnasal wireless pH capsule placement has not been previously described. The purpose of this investigation was to describe our experience with transnasal wireless pH capsule placement.METHODOLOGYAll patients undergoing unsedated transnasal esophagoscopy and wireless pH capsule placement between January 1, 2003 and July 31, 2003 were prospectively evaluated. Data concerning patient tolerance, success of capsule placement and function, complications, and pH recordings were collected.RESULTSDuring this time, 46 persons were evaluated. The mean age of the cohort was 52 years. Of the patients, 50% were male. The indications for the procedure were chronic cough (18/46), gastro‐esophageal reflux disease (18/46), and larygopharyngeal reflux (10). Of the procedures performed, 85% (39/46) were successful. Complications included epistaxis (2/46), laryngospasm (2/46), and vasovagal reaction (1/46).CONCLUSIONSThe transnasal placement of a wireless pH capsule is a safe and effective diagnostic adjunct to unsedated transnasal esophagoscopy.
Prevalence of Extraesophageal Reflux in Patients with Symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux
Authors: Ylitalo Riitta , Ramel Stig , Hammarlund Birgitta , Lindgren Elisabeth 
Published: July 2004

OBJECTIVESTo compare the prevalence of extraesophageal reflux (EER) in patients with heartburn, posterior laryngitis (PL), and in healthy controls.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGA retrospective and prospective study including a total of 101 subjects who underwent 24‐hour dual‐probe pH monitoring.RESULTS52% of the subjects with heartburn had EER. No significant differences were found between the PL and heartburn groups for any pharyngeal reflux parameters. However, supine pharyngeal reflux was significantly more prevalent in heartburn patients with GERD than in PL patients and healthy controls (P < 0.05). Significant positive correlation (P < 0.01) was found between the percentage of time pH <4 in the pharynx and in the distal esophagus.CONCLUSIONEER occurs in the majority of heartburn patients who are lacking laryngeal symptoms. Abnormal distal esophageal acid exposure makes the occurrence of EER more likely.SIGNIFICANCEEER appears to be a continuum without clear‐cut differences between the groups.
Surgery of Cerebellopontine Angle Epidermoid Cysts: Role of the Widened Retrolabyrinthine Approach Combined with Endoscopy
Authors: Darrouzet Vincent , Franco‐Vidal Valérie , Hilton Malcolm , Nguyen Dinh‐Qui , Lacher‐Fougere Stéphane , Guerin Jean , Bebear Jean‐Pierre 
Published: July 2004

OBJECTIVESTo evaluate the use of the retrolabyrinthine approach (RLA) combined with endoscopy with particular reference to preservation of cranial nerve function and completeness of excision in surgery of epidermoid cysts.METHODSA retrospective study was performed on a series of 8 consecutive patients of whom 7 have undergone surgery.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURESMeasures include audiological and neurological status preoperatively and postoperatively, size of the lesion, the surgical approach, completeness of excision, and operative morbidity.RESULTSThe tumors were all large, ranging from 2 × 3 cm to 6 × 6 cm. Presenting symptoms were headache (75%), dysequilibrium (62%), trigeminal nerve palsy (38%), abducens nerve palsy (25%), and, rarely, auditory symptoms. Seven patients underwent surgery, 5 by the RLA, 1 by a translabyrinthine approach (TLA), and 1 by a transcochlear approach. Complete excision was achieved in 5 of the 7 patients. A transtentorial approach was combined in 2 cases (1 RLA, 1 TLA). Endoscopy was used in 3 cases. It allowed a complete tumor excision. One case of keratinous meningitis was observed. Trigeminal nerve function returned to normal in all patients. Postoperative facial nerve function was grade I in 5 cases and grade III in 2 cases. Hearing was preserved in 3 cases as class A, 1 case as class B. In the 2 cases presenting with abducens nerve palsy preoperative symptoms were initially aggravated before returning to normal function by 1 year postoperatively. The RLA with endoscopy allowed less invasive surgery and preservation of hearing in 4 of the 5 cases where it was attempted. Tumor control appeared better than with the suboccipital approach. Mortality and postoperative morbidity also appear reduced.CONCLUSIONRLA combined with endoscopy should be considered as the standard approach for excision of epidermoid cysts. Extension of this approach into a TLA or transcochlear approach will depend on preoperative difficulties and preoperative hearing.
Informed Consent in Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: The Patient's Perspective
Authors: Bowden Mary Talley , Church Christopher A. , Chiu Alexander G. , Vaughan Winston C. 
Published: July 2004

OBJECTIVEInformed consent is essential prior to functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). The content of this discussion is often determined by each surgeon. Many doctors discuss all potential complications. This may provoke anxiety or deter from beneficial surgery. Our goal was to examine the process from the patient's perspective.STUDY DESIGNA list of potential complications was reviewed with FESS patients. Patients were asked questions concerning their consent and the potential complications before and after FESS.RESULTSBoth before and after surgery, patients felt that discussion of most potential complications was important. Vision changes and cerebrospinal fluid leak (CSF) received the highest scores. No significant differences were found between primary and revision cases.CONCLUSIONPatients wanted most potential FESS complications to be discussed. Even though this triggered anxiety, they felt it was important to have a thorough disclosure. Findings presented may impact how surgeons counsel patients prior to FESS.
Special report: Reassessment of the ORL‐HNS workforce: Perceptions and realities
Authors: Cannon C. Ron , Giaimo Eileen M. , Lee Teresa L. , Chalian Ara 
Published: July 2004

OBJECTIVEThis Workforce Study re‐examined the current scope and geographic distribution of Oto‐laryngology practice and assessed the otolaryngologists' role in relation to other specialists in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the ear, nose, throat, and related structures of the head and neck.STUDY DESIGNA national survey and review of federal, corporate and administrative databases, coupled wih a focus group of otolaryngologists, were analyzed to compile physician manpower figures, state and regional demographic data, and prediction modeling of Managed Care and FFS environments.RESULTSThe current and predicted workforce supply and demographic data support a geographic and proportionate increase in the number of otolaryngologists practicing and entering the workforce. Additional findings involving the role of the specialty specifically identified an increase in the treatment of allergic disease within the Managed Care sector and a diminution of the gatekeeper concept. Demographic findings represent a stable age distribution of 40 to 49 and 50 to 59 year old otolaryngologists, with a noted increase in the number of women entering the field. Empiric data reflects the continuous, diverse and dominant role otolaryngologists maintain in the treatment and care of patients with otolaryngic and head and neck disease.CONCLUSIONSThis study continues the effort to identify otolaryngology workforce demographic profiles and make recommendations for a future national practice model. Continuous reassessment of the specialty is required.
Extended pericranial flap and bone graft reconstruction in anterior skull base surgery
Authors: Rodrigues Michael , O'Malley Bert W. , Staecker Hinrich , Tamargomd Rafael 
Published: July 2004

OBJECTIVESThe objectives of this study was to establish a rationale for repairing large anterior skull base defects with an extended pericranial flap and split calvarial bone graft; to define large anterior skull base defects as those spanning the anterior cranial measuring at least 3.0 × 4.0 cm; and to describe the surgical technique and compare it with alternative strategies.STUDY DESIGNThirty‐four patients underwent anterior craniofacial resection of anterior skull‐based tumors of varying histology with reconstruction using an extended pericranial flap and split calvarial bone graft.RESULTSThe survival of the pericranial flap and bone graft was maintained in 33 of 34 patients. There was 1 episode of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak, 1 episode of osteomyelitis of the bone graft and an epidural abscess, and 1 episode of asymptomatic pneumocephalus.CONCLUSIONSplit calvarial bone graft with an extended pericranial flap is an effective technique for reconstructing large anterior skull base defects.
Z‐palatoplasty (ZPP): A technique for patients without tonsils
Authors: Friedman Michael , Ibrahim Hani Z. , Vidyasagar Ramakrishnan , Pomeranz Jonathan , Joseph Ninos J. 
Published: July 2004

OBJECTIVEPatients without tonsils and with Friedman tongue position (FTP) III and IV are poor candidates for uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UP3). Even when combined with adjunctive hyopharyngeal techniques, results are poor. We assessed a modified uvulopalatoplasty based on a bilateral Z‐plasty in treating patients without tonsils who have obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OS‐AHS).METHODS25 patients treated with a modified technique were matched with 25 patients previously treated with classic UP3. All patients in both groups also had radiofrequency tongue base reduction. Preoperative vs. postoperative measures of objective treatment success and subjective symptoms were compared for the 2 groups. Morbidity, including pain levels, narcotic use, and return to solid diet and normal activity, as well as complications were studied.RESULTSSubjective improvement was good for both groups, but objective clinical improvement was significantly better for the experimental group. Morbidity and complications for the experimental group were comparable to the control group and to other published series on UP3.CONCLUSIONSA modified technique for patients without tonsils who have OSAHS is presented. The new technique is more successful with acceptable morbidity for patients with OSAHS than classical techniques.
The effects of emotional salience on thought disorder in patients with bipolar affective disorder
Authors: TAI S. , HADDOCK G. , BENTALL R. 
Published: July 2004

Background. This study aimed to explore the effects of emotionally salient material on thought disorder in patients with bipolar affective disorder.Method. Seventy-one participants (20 manic, 15 depressed, 16 currently well patients and 20 non-psychiatric-controls) were interviewed in two conditions: an emotionally salient interview and a non-salient interview. Speech samples were rated using the Scale for the Assessment of Thought, Language and Communication.Results. Manic patients presented with significantly more thought disorder than any other group in both conditions and exhibited the greatest reaction to emotionally salient material.Conclusion. The effects of emotional salience on thought, language and communication are not unique to schizophrenic patients. The speech of manic patients is more affectively responsive than the speech of remitted, bipolar depressed and normal participants. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Higher socio-economic status of parents may increase risk for bipolar disorder in the offspring
Authors: TSUCHIYA KENJI J. , AGERBO ESBEN , BYRNE MAJELLA , MORTENSEN PREBEN B. 
Published: July 2004

Background. There are conflicting data regarding the socio-economic risk factors for bipolar disorders. The aim of the present study was to explore the association between the socio-economic status of an individual or the parent and the risk for bipolar disorder.Method. Two Danish registers were merged. From the data source, we extracted those born in 1960 or later, and those with a first-ever admission to, or contact with, a Danish psychiatric facilities during 1981–1998 with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder. Fifty time-matched controls per case were chosen by the incidence-density sampling method. Effects of marital status, occupation, education, income, and wealth, of both subjects and the parents, were estimated using conditional logistic regression.Results. A total of 947 cases were matched to 47 350 controls. Those at high risk of bipolar disorders were: single subjects, those in receipt of social assistance, pension or sickness payments, unemployed, subjects with a shorter educational history, and subjects with lower income. Conversely, parental higher education and higher level of paternal wealth were associated with increased risk. These associations remained significant after adjustment for gender, family history of psychiatric diagnoses, and other socio-economic variables, and are unlikely to be explained by known biases.Conclusions. The associations of lower socio-economic indices of subjects may be explained as a consequence of the disease. The association of higher socio-economic indices of parents may be explained by socio-economic achievement in the family of origin.
What predicts suicide attempts in women with eating disorders?
Authors: FRANKO D. L. , KEEL P. K. , DORER D. J. , BLAIS M. A. , DELINSKY S. S. , EDDY K. T. , CHARAT V. , RENN R. , HERZOG D. B. 
Published: July 2004

Background. Suicide is a common cause of death in anorexia nervosa and suicide attempts occur often in both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. No studies have examined predictors of suicide attempts in a longitudinal study of eating disorders with frequent follow-up intervals. The objective of this study was to determine predictors of serious suicide attempts in women with eating disorders.Method. In a prospective longitudinal study, women diagnosed with either DSM-IV anorexia nervosa (n=136) or bulimia nervosa (n=110) were interviewed and assessed for suicide attempts and suicidal intent every 6–12 months over 8·6 years.Results. Fifteen percent of subjects reported at least one prospective suicide attempt over the course of the study. Significantly more anorexic (22·1%) than bulimic subjects (10·9%) made a suicide attempt. Multivariate analyses indicated that the unique predictors of suicide attempts for anorexia nervosa included the severity of both depressive symptoms and drug use over the course of the study. For bulimia nervosa, a history of drug use disorder at intake and the use of laxatives during the study significantly predicted suicide attempts.Conclusions. Women with anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa are at considerable risk to attempt suicide. Clinicians should be aware of this risk, particularly in anorexic patients with substantial co-morbidity.
Defining nicotine dependence for genetic research: evidence from Australian twins
Authors: LESSOV CHRISTINA N. , MARTIN NICHOLAS G. , STATHAM DIXIE J. , TODOROV ALEXANDRE A. , SLUTSKE WENDY S. , BUCHOLZ KATHLEEN K. , HEATH ANDREW C. , MADDEN PAMELA A. F. 
Published: July 2004

Background. Whether current criteria used to define nicotine dependence are informative for genetic research is an important empirical question. The authors used items of the DSM-IV and of the Heaviness of Smoking Index to characterize the nicotine dependence phenotype and to identify salient symptoms in a genetically informative community sample of Australian young adult female and male twins.Method. Phenotypic and genetic factor analyses were performed on nine dependence symptoms (the seven DSM-IV substance dependence criteria and the two Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI) items derived from the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire, time to first cigarette in the morning and number of cigarettes smoked per day). Phenotypic and genetic analyses were restricted to ever smokers.Results. Phenotypic nicotine dependence symptom covariation was best captured by two factors with a similar pattern of factor loadings for women and men. In genetic factor analysis item covariation was best captured by two genetic but one shared environmental factor for both women and men; however, item factor loadings differed by gender. All nicotine dependence symptoms were substantially heritable, except for the DSM-IV criterion of ‘giving up or reducing important activities in order to smoke’, which was weakly familial.Conclusions. The salient behavioral indices of nicotine dependence are similar for women and men. DSM-IV criteria of tolerance, withdrawal, and experiencing difficulty quitting and HSI items time to first cigarette in the morning and number of cigarettes smoked per day may represent the most highly heritable symptoms of nicotine dependence for both women and men.
The relationship of tobacco smoking with depressive symptomatology in the Third Mexican National Addictions Survey
Authors: BENJET C. , WAGNER F. A. , BORGES G. G. , MEDINA-MORA M. E. 
Published: July 2004

Background. While an association between cigarette smoking and depression has been established in Anglo populations, replication of tobacco–depression associations in countries where smoking is growing may provide important new insights. The objectives of this study were to estimate the association of depressive symptomatology with tobacco smoking, number of cigarettes smoked daily, and smoking cessation in a representative sample of the Mexican population.Method. The data come from the Third National Addictions Survey (1998) conducted by the Mexican Ministry of Health, representative of Mexico's civilian population residing in cities and towns with 2500+ inhabitants, aged 18–64. Part of a multi-stage, stratified, probability sample, 1935 men and women answered a version of the survey that also included the CES-D depression scale. Analyses addressed the survey's complex design and controlled for income and educational level.Results. Among women only, current smokers had twice the odds of elevated depressive symptomatology than never smokers (OR 2·1, 95% CI 1·3–3·5, p=0·002). For men, only those smoking a pack or more a day had greater odds of depressive symptomatology (OR 5·9, 95% CI 1·6–21·9, p=0·008). Overall, former smokers who ceased smoking within 6 months had lower odds of depressive symptomatology than current smokers (OR 0·4, 95% CI 0·1–1·0, p=0·042).Conclusions. These findings add to the accumulating evidence for the association between smoking and depression in different cultures and populations.
Measuring empathy: reliability and validity of the Empathy Quotient
Authors: LAWRENCE E. J. , SHAW P. , BAKER D. , BARON-COHEN S. , DAVID A. S. 
Published: July 2004

Background. Empathy plays a key role in social understanding, but its empirical measurement has proved difficult. The Empathy Quotient (EQ) is a self-report scale designed to do just that. This series of four studies examined the reliability and validity of the EQ and determined its factor structure.Method. In Study 1, 53 people completed the EQ, Social Desirability Scale (SDS) and a non-verbal mental state inference test, the Eyes Task. In Study 2, a principal components analysis (PCA) was conducted on data from 110 healthy individuals and 62 people reporting depersonalisation (DPD). Approximately 1 year later, Study 3, involved the re-administration of the EQ (n=24) along with the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI; n=28). In the last study, the EQ scores of those with DPD, a condition that includes a subjective lack of empathy, were examined in depth.Results. An association was found between the Eyes task and EQ, and only three EQ items correlated with the SDS. PCA revealed three factors: (1) ‘cognitive empathy’; (2) ‘emotional reactivity’, and (3) ‘social skills’. Test–retest reliability was good and moderate associations were found between the EQ and IRI subscales, suggesting concurrent validity. People with DPD did not show a global empathy deficit, but reported less social competence.Conclusions. The EQ is a valid, reliable scale and the different subscales may have clinical applications.
Characteristics of non-verbal memory impairment in bipolar disorder: the role of encoding strategies
Authors: DECKERSBACH T. , McMURRICH S. , OGUTHA J. , SAVAGE C. R. , SACHS G. , RAUCH S. L. 
Published: July 2004

Background. There is evidence that individuals with bipolar disorder exhibit neuropsychological impairments not only during episodes of depression or mania but also when they are euthymic. One of the most consistently reported cognitive problems in euthymic individuals with bipolar disorder is impairment in episodic memory. Learning and memory depend on individuals' ability to organize information during learning. A recent study by our group showed that verbal episodic memory impairments in euthymic patients with bipolar I disorder (BP-I) are mediated by difficulties in organizing verbal information appropriately during learning. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether memory impairments in euthymic individuals with BP-I extend to non-verbal memory and whether non-verbal memory impairments are mediated by difficulties in organizing non-verbal information during encoding.Method. Study participants were 25 euthymic, remitted individuals with BP-I and 25 age, gender and education matched control participants. Participants completed the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (RCFT), a well-established measure of non-verbal memory that enables assessment of organization during learning.Results. Compared to control participants, BP-I participants showed impaired performance on the RCFT immediate recall. They also relied less on organizational strategies during encoding. Multiple regression modeling indicated that group differences between control and BP-I participants in long-delayed free recall did not remain statistically significant when effects of lower organization were partialled out.Conclusions. Non-verbal memory problems in individuals with bipolar disorder, while euthymic, are mediated by poor use of non-verbal organization strategies during encoding, but do not appear to reflect deficits in retention of information.