bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between burnout and post‐traumatic stress disorder among frontline nurse during COVID‐19 pandemic: A moderated mediation analysis
Authors: Liang Leilei , Hu Yuanchao , Fei Junsong , Yuan Tongshuang , Gao Ren , Yue Jingyi , Song Qianqian , Zhao Xixi , Mei Songli 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between burnout and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among frontline nurses who went to assist the epidemic situation in Wuhan, China, during the outbreak in 2020. The study also explored the mediating role of depression and the moderating role of age in the main relationship.BackgroundThe relationship between burnout and PTSD in nurse has rarely been investigated in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Understand the relationship between these variables can provide empirical evidence for developing interventions and protocols that improve the health of nurses in future public health emergencies.DesignAn online cross‐sectional survey of targeted local 327 nurses who went to assist the COVID‐19 epidemic situation in Wuhan during the initial outbreak.MethodsThis study was conducted in August 2020, the burnout scale, the PTSD scale and the depression scale were used to survey participants. The moderated mediation model was used to test research hypotheses.ResultsBurnout could affect the PTSD symptoms in nursing staffs and depression could mediate this relationship. Age moderated the relationship between burnout/depression and PTSD, and the effects was strong and significant among younger participants in the relationship between burnout and PTSD.ConclusionsBurnout was identified as a core risk factor of PTSD in nurses. Depression and age played significant roles in the relationship between burnout and PTSD.Relevance to Clinical PracticePTSD, as a symptom that manifests after experiencing a stressful event, should be a key concern among frontline healthcare professionals. This study suggests that PTSD in nurses can be further reduced by reducing burnout. Attention should also be paid to the PTSD status of nurses of different age groups.Patient or Public ContributionPatients and the public were not involved in the design and implementation of this study. Frontline nurses completed an online questionnaire for this study.
Attitudes of patients with schizophrenia spectrum or bipolar disorders towards medication self‐management during hospitalisation
Authors: Loots Elke , Dilles Tinne , Van Rompaey Bart , Morrens Manuel 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundMedication self‐management (MSM) is defined as a person's ability to cope with medication treatment for a chronic condition, along with the associated physical and psychosocial effects that the medication causes in their daily lives. For many patients, it is important to be able to self‐manage their medication successfully, as they will often be expected to do after discharge.AimThe aim of this study was to describe the willingness and attitudes of patients with schizophrenia spectrum or bipolar disorders regarding MSM during hospital admission. A secondary aim was to identify various factors associated with patient willingness to participate in MSM and to describe their assumptions concerning needs and necessary conditions, as well as their attitudes towards their medication.MethodsA multicentre, quantitative cross‐sectional observational design was used to study the willingness and attitudes of psychiatric patients regarding MSM during hospitalisation. The study adhered to guidelines for Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE).ResultsIn this study, 84 patients, of which 43 were patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and 41 were patients with bipolar disorders, participated. A majority of the patients (81%) were willing to participate in MSM during their hospitalisation. Analysis revealed patients are more willing to MSM if they are younger (r = −.417, p < .001) and a decreasing number of medicines (r = −.373, p = .003). Patients' willingness was positively associated with the extent of support by significant others during and after hospitalisation (Pearson's r = .298, p = .011). Patients were convinced that they would take their medication more correctly if MSM were to be allowed during hospitalisation (65%).ConclusionMost of the patients were willing to self‐manage their medication during hospitalisation, however, under specific conditions such as being motivated to take their medication correctly and to understand the benefits of their medication.Relevance to Clinical PracticeFrom a policy point of view, our study provided useful insights into how patients look at MSM to enable the development of future strategies. Since patients are willing to self‐manage their medication during hospitalisation, this may facilitate its implementation.Patient contributionPatients were recruited for this study. Participation was voluntary, and signed informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to the questionnaire.
Polioencephalopathy in Eurasier dogs
Authors: Rawson Faye , Christen Matthias , Rose Jeremy , Paran Emilie , Leeb Tosso , Fadda Angela 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundPolioencephalopathies secondary to inborn errors of metabolism have been described in dogs, but few genetically characterized.ObjectivesClinically and genetically characterize polioencephalopathy in a family of Eurasier dogs.AnimalsThree Eurasier dogs (littermates) presented with early onset movement disorders (9 weeks in 2, 4‐6 months in 1). Progressive gait abnormalities were detected in 2 of the dogs, persistent divergent strabismus in 1, whereas consciousness and behavior remained intact in all dogs. One dog was euthanized at 25 months.MethodsVideo footage was assessed in all dogs, and Dogs 1 and 2 had examinations and investigations performed. Whole genome sequencing of Dog 1 and further genetic analyses in the family were performed. A cohort of 115 Eurasier controls was genotyped for specific variants.ResultsEpisodes were characterized by generalized ataxia, as well as a hypermetric thoracic limb gait, dystonia, and irregular flexion and extension movements of the thoracic limbs. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in Dogs 1 and 2 identified symmetrical, bilateral T2 and fluid attenuated inversion recovery hyperintense, T1 hypo to isointense, nonenhancing lesions of the caudate nucleus, lateral and medial geniculate nuclei, thalamus, hippocampus, rostral colliculus and mild generalized brain atrophy. Genetic analyses identified a homozygous mitochondrial trans‐2‐enoyl‐CoA reductase (MECR) missense variant in all 3 dogs, and a homozygous autophagy‐related gene 4D (ATG4D) missense variant in Dogs 1 and 2.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceWe describe a presumed hereditary and progressive polioencephalopathy in a family of Eurasier dogs. Further research is needed to establish the role of the MECR gene in dogs and the pathogenic effects of the detected variants.
Juvenile idiopathic epilepsy in Egyptian Arabian foals, a potential animal model of self‐limited epilepsy in children
Authors: Aleman Monica , Benini Ruba , Elestwani Sami , Vinardell Tatiana 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundJuvenile idiopathic epilepsy (JIE) is categorized as a generalized epilepsy. Epilepsy classification entails electrocortical characterization and localization of epileptic discharges (ED) using electroencephalography (EEG).Hypothesis/ObjectivesCharacterize epilepsy in Egyptian Arabian foals with JIE using EEG.AnimalsSixty‐nine foals (JIE, 48; controls, 21).MethodsRetrospective study. Inclusion criteria consisted of Egyptian Arabian foals: (1) JIE group diagnosed based on witnessed or recorded seizures, and neurological and EEG findings, and (2) control group of healthy nonepileptic age‐matched foals. Clinical data were obtained in 48 foals. Electroencephalography with photic stimulation was performed under standing sedation in 37 JIE foals and 21 controls.ResultsAbnormalities on EEG were found in 95% of epileptic foals (35 of 37) and in 3 of 21 control asymptomatic foals with affected siblings. Focal ED were detected predominantly in the central vertex with diffusion into the centroparietal or frontocentral regions (n = 35). Generalization of ED occurred in 14 JIE foals. Epileptic discharges commonly were seen during wakefulness (n = 27/37 JIE foals) and sedated sleep (n = 35/37 JIE foals; 3/21 controls). Photic stimulation triggered focal central ED in 15 of 21 JIE foals.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceJuvenile idiopathic epilepsy has a focal onset of ED at the central vertex with spread resulting in clinical generalized tonic‐clonic seizures with facial motor activity and loss of consciousness. Electroencephalography with photic stimulation contributes to accurate phenotyping of epilepsy. Foals with this benign self‐limiting disorder might serve as a naturally occurring animal model for self‐limited epilepsy in children.
Environmental factors are the major drivers of macroinvertebrate assemblage structure in southern Brazilian coastal lakes
Authors: Mazzoni Aline Corrêa , Lanzer Rosane , Pires Mateus Marques , Schäfer Alois , Maltchik Leonardo , Stenert Cristina 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCoastal freshwater lakes are distinctive landscape features in South America, and benthic macroinvertebrates are key to their ecological functioning. Identifying the main factors driving the assemblage structure of benthic macroinvertebrate is thus important for the development of management strategies in these ecosystems. However, studies on the drivers of macroinvertebrate assemblages are scarce in subtropical coastal lakes of the Neotropical region. Here, we evaluated the role of environmental (morphometric and water chemistry variables) and spatial factors in the assemblage structure of benthic macroinvertebrates in 36 coastal freshwater lakes in Brazil from 2008 to 2015. Macroinvertebrate family richness increased with ammonium, pH and water transparency, and decreased with nitrate content (slope ≈1 for all significant variables). Environmental factors explained most of the variation in macroinvertebrate composition (16%) compared to spatial ones (3.4%). In specific, Dugesiidae, Hydrobiidae, Corbiculidae, Sphaeromatidae, Noteridae, Hydropsychidae, Culicidae and Ceratopogonidae predominated in lakes with lower conductivity (<100 μS/cm) and higher water transparency (>1 m). Spatial factors summarized differences in macroinvertebrate assemblages between isolated and connected lakes. Although none of the lakes studied are directly impacted by organic pollution, our results suggest that benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in subtropical coastal lakes are mostly structured by water chemistry, likely reflecting the major trends in land use along the study region (transition from agriculture to urban areas). We recommend that the conservation of macroinvertebrate biodiversity in southern Brazilian coastal lakes focus on the monitoring of water chemistry factors associated with human‐based land use.
Cat–wildlife interactions and zoonotic disease risk: a call for more and better community science data
Authors: Szentivanyi Tamara , Oedin Malik , Rocha Ricardo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDue to their close interaction with both wildlife and humans, free‐ranging domestic animals are well‐suited to act as conveyors of zoonotic pathogens. Yet, although cats Felis catus are major predators of bats and other groups of zoonotic concern (e.g., rodents and birds), mounting evidence suggests that their role in the emergence of zoonotic diseases may be unappreciated. Here, we use bat–cat information extracted from the popular iNaturalist platform as a case in point to illustrate the potential of community science and social media to expand our understanding of pet‐wildlife interactions. Although observations of cats preying on bats were more prevalent in Europe and North America, evidence of such interactions was documented across different geographic regions, revealing a relatively high incidence of bat predation by cats and providing evidence of cat–bat interactions previously unreported in the scientific literature. The lack of surveillance focused on cats and other pets as bridging hosts for zoonotic spillover events is concerning, considering the recognised risks they pose. Community science is a relatively untapped source of information for pet‐wildlife interactions of zoonotic relevance. It is crucial that we gain a better understanding of the interaction between free‐ranging pets and wildlife to better understand their potential contribution to past and future disease outbreaks. Failing to do so not only jeopardises human health but also puts pets at risk.
Will automation and robotics lead to more inequality?
Authors: Brezis Elise S. , Rubin Amir 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a new framework for analyzing automation, robotics, and high‐tech, which differs from the canonical model of technological progress by incorporating the higher education system. The main difference is that there is not just one type of skilled workers, but two types, and there is not one type of education but two ‐ elite universities and standard ones. The gap between these two types of education is called ‘elitism gap’. The ‘elitism gap’ in the higher‐education sector enables a separation of individuals by their abilities. Since the economy is divided between low‐tech and high‐tech sectors, the elitism gap leads to a separating equilibrium in which, high‐ability workers graduating from top universities work in the high‐tech sector, while low‐ability workers, graduate from standard universities and work in the low‐tech industries. In consequence, human capital in both industries is different, which leads to wage inequality. We then analyze the effects of an increased use of robotics on inequality. We show that robots affect the “matching effect” between abilities and education, and in consequence, inequality increases. We also show that wages and productivity gaps between high‐tech and low‐tech sectors are fueled by the elitism gap in higher education. This leads to heterogeneity in human capital, and therefore to an increase in wage inequality. We develop an index of the elitism gap, and show a positive correlation between the index of elitism gap and inequality in OECD countries.
Superspreading the word
Authors: Streumer Bart 
Published: December 2023

AbstractQuasi‐realists are expressivists who say much of what realists say. To avoid making their view indistinguishable from realism, however, they usually stop short of saying everything realists say. Many realists therefore think that something important is missing from quasi‐realism. I argue that quasi‐realists can undermine this thought by defending a version of quasi‐realism that I call super‐quasi‐realism. This version seems indistinguishable from realism, but I argue that this is a mistaken impression that arises because we cannot believe super‐quasi‐realism.
Filifactor alocis enhances survival of Porphyromonas gingivalis W83 in response to H2O2‐induced stress
Authors: Mishra Arunima , Dou Yuetan , Wang Charles , Fletcher Hansel M 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA dysbiotic microbial community whose members have specific/synergistic functions that are modulated by environmental conditions, can disturb homeostasis in the subgingival space leading to destructive inflammation, plays a role in the progression of periodontitis. Filifactor alocis, a gram‐positive, anaerobic bacterium, is a newly recognized microbe that shows a strong correlation with periodontal disease. Our previous observations suggested F. alocis to be more resistant to oxidative stress compared to Porphyromonas gingivalis. The objective of this study is to further determine if F. alocis, because of its increased resistance to oxidative stress, can affect the survival of other ‘established’ periodontal pathogens under environmental stress conditions typical of the periodontal pocket. Here, we have shown that via their interaction, F. alocis protects P. gingivalis W83 under H2O2‐induced oxidative stress conditions. Transcriptional profiling of the interaction of F. alocis and P. gingivalis in the presence of H2O2‐induced stress revealed the modulation of several genes, including those with ABC transporter and other cellular functions. The ABC transporter operon (PG0682–PG0685) of P. gingivalis was not significant to its enhanced survival when cocultured with F. alocis under H2O2‐induced oxidative stress. In F. alocis, one of the most highly up‐regulated operons (FA0894–FA0897) is predicted to encode a putative manganese ABC transporter, which in other bacteria can play an essential role in oxidative stress protection. Collectively, the results may indicate that F. alocis could likely stabilize the microbial community in the inflammatory microenvironment of the periodontal pocket by reducing the oxidative environment. This strategy could be vital to the survival of other pathogens, such as P. gingivalis, and its ability to adapt and persist in the periodontal pocket.
Factors Associated with Re‐Displacement after Nonsurgical Treatment of Distal Radius Fractures in Adults: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Zhao Hong‐zhou , Chen Jian‐ge , Zhang Hai‐ning , Xing Jia‐hui , Liu Ming‐jun , Wang Wei‐min 
Published: December 2023

ObjectiveClosed reduction combined with external fixation is a frequently utilized approach for treating distal radial fractures in adults. Nonetheless, the potential for re‐displacement following external fixation remains. Analyzing the factors influencing re‐displacement after nonsurgical treatment of distal radial fractures in adults is vital for preventing re‐displacement and making prognostic assessments.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed on 884 patients who underwent nonsurgical treatment for distal radius fractures in the reduction room of the Orthopedics and Traumatology Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine at Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China, between July 2019 and December 2022. Patients were categorized into two groups, namely displaced and nondisplaced, based on radiographic outcomes. Factors affecting fracture re‐displacement were examined, including sex, age, side, AO/OTA type, external fixation, and radiographic outcomes at pre‐reduction and immediate reduction. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the risk factors for fracture re‐displacement, and ROC curves were constructed.ResultsAmong the 884 patients, 563 (63.69%) experienced re‐displacement after fracture reduction. There were no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) between the two groups in terms of gender, external fixation method, and palmar tilt angle at pre‐reduction and immediate reduction, while significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in age, side, AO/OTA type, and radial inclination, radial length, and radiographic outcomes of ulnar variance at pre‐reduction and immediate reduction. Multifactorial logistic regression analysis revealed that age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.027, p < 0.001), AO/OTA type (OR = 2.327, p = 0.005), ulnar variance at pre‐reduction (OR = 1.142, p = 0.048), and ulnar variance at immediate reduction (OR = 1.685, p < 0.001) were significant factors (p < 0.05) associated with re‐displacement following nonoperative treatment of adult distal radius fractures. For patients aged ≥60 years, the amount of missing radiographic outcomes was positively correlated with age. The receiver operating characteristic curve demonstrated that age ≥65.5 years, ulnar variance >3.26 mm at pre‐reduction, and ulnar variance >2.055 mm at immediate reduction were high‐risk factors for fracture re‐displacement.ConclusionsNonsurgical treatment of distal radius fractures exhibits a higher rate of re‐displacement. Age, AO/OTA type, pre‐reduction, and immediate reduction ulnar variance are key factors predicting fracture re‐displacement.
A fluid relationship: Calcineurin inhibitors and pericardial effusions
Authors: Westbroek Mark Lee , Rahim Mahvish Qureshi , Ross Michael Marshall , Rahrig April Leigh 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundHematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a common and effective treatment for multiple malignant and non‐malignant pediatric conditions. Graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) is a common complication of HSCT that can be prevented with prophylactic use of calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) immunosuppressants. A complication of HSCT and CNI use is pericardial effusion (PEF), which is frequently treated by CNI discontinuation with or without surgical intervention. No studies to date have evaluated the management of PEF without CNI discontinuation as a means of preventing GVHD flares.MethodsIn this single‐center retrospective study, we reviewed the management of PEF in pediatric patients post‐HSCT who received conservative or surgical intervention with or without CNI discontinuation between May 2012 and June 2022.ResultsOf the patients found to have PEF, all were given tacrolimus for GVHD prophylaxis. Management of PEF included surgical intervention for 83% of patients, and CNI was not discontinued for 83%. None of the patients developed GVHD during the management of PEF.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that continuation of CNI therapy for GVHD prophylaxis did not negatively impact the disease course of PEF in post‐HSCT patients.
Punishing or praising gossipers: How people interpret the motives driving negative gossip shapes its consequences
Authors: Testori Martina , Dores Cruz Terence D. , Beersma Bianca 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSharing negative gossip has been found to be pivotal for fostering cooperation in social groups. The positive function gossip serves for groups suggests that gossipers should be rewarded for sharing useful information. In contrast, gossip is commonly perceived negatively, meaning that gossipers incur more social costs than benefits. To solve this puzzle, we argue that whether receivers interpret gossip as stemming from pro‐social versus pro‐self motives shapes their reactions towards gossipers. We conducted a pre‐registered experimental vignette study (n = 1188) in which participants received negative gossip statements, which we manipulated to reflect either pro‐self or pro‐social motives. Supporting our predictions, receivers were more likely to mistakenly interpret negative pro‐social gossip as stemming from pro‐self motives than vice versa. Nevertheless, receivers with a higher ability to overcome intuition were better able to correctly interpret negative gossip as driven by pro‐self and pro‐social motives. Furthermore, results showed that when receivers interpreted negative gossip as pro‐socially (vs. pro‐selfishly) motivated, they trusted gossipers more and gossip targets less (for behavioral as well as attitudinal measures of trust).
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and the noncytomegalovirus herpesviruses
Authors: Wormser Vanessa R. , Agudelo Higuita Nelson Iván , Ramaswami Ramya , Melendez Dante P. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAlthough hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and other cellular therapies have significantly improved outcomes in the management of multiple hematological and nonhematological malignancies, the resulting impairment in humoral and cellular response increases the risk for opportunistic infection as an undesirable side effect. With their ability to establish latent infection and reactivate when the host immune system is at its weakest point, the Herpesviridae family constitutes a significant proportion of these opportunistic pathogens. Despite recent advancements in preventing and managing herpesvirus infections, they continue to be a common cause of significant morbidity and mortality in transplanted patients. Herein, we aim to provide and update on herpesvirus other than cytomegalovirus (CMV) affecting recipients of HSCT and other cellular therapies.