bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progress in lignocellulosic biomass valorization for biofuels and value‐added chemical production in the EU: A focus on thermochemical conversion processes
Authors: Güleç Fatih , Parthiban Anburajan , Umenweke Great C. , Musa Umaru , Williams Orla , Mortezaei Yasna , Suk‐Oh Hyun , Lester Edward , Ogbaga Chukwuma C. , Gunes Burcu , Okolie Jude A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe demand for sustainable energy sources has increased owing to environmental concerns, such as climate change, rising energy demand and rapid industrialization. Biomass utilization for bioenergy and value‐added chemical production has become essential for creating a circular low‐carbon bioeconomy and sustainable waste management techniques. This review focuses on thermochemical processes and analyzes the trends of biomass utilization for energy production in the EU over the last decade. It discusses the current state‐of‐the‐art of gasification, pyrolysis, advanced combustion and liquefaction technologies, and presents the individual challenges and prospects of each process. A comprehensive overview of previous studies related to each conversion technology is provided to pave the way for future thermochemical, biochemical and integrated biomass valorization studies. Additionally, the review discusses biomass thermochemical conversion processes, which are combined with carbon capture, such as gasification, liquefaction and pyrolysis. These processes offer the potential to achieve negative net atmospheric carbon emissions, which can contribute to global warming mitigation efforts.
Transcriptional biomarker discovery toward building a load stress reporting system for engineered Escherichia coli strains
Authors: Huang Yiming , Wipat Anil , Bacardit Jaume 
Published: October 2023

AbstractForeign proteins are produced by introducing synthetic constructs into host bacteria for biotechnology applications. This process can cause resource competition between synthetic circuits and host cells, placing a metabolic burden on the host cells which may result in load stress and detrimental physiological changes. Consequently, the host bacteria can experience slow growth, and the synthetic system may suffer from suboptimal function. To help in the detection of bacterial load stress, we developed machine‐learning strategies to select a minimal number of genes that could serve as biomarkers for the design of load stress reporters. We identified pairs of biomarkers that showed discriminative capacity to detect the load stress states induced in 41 engineered Escherichia coli strains.
Risk factors for overweight and obesity after childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in North America and Switzerland: A comparison of two cohort studies
Authors: Belle Fabiën N. , Schindera Christina , Ansari Marc , Armstrong Gregory T. , Beck‐Popovic Maja , Howell Rebecca , Leisenring Wendy M. , Meacham Lillian R. , Rössler Jochen , Spycher Ben D. , Tonorezos Emily , von der Weid Nicolas X. , Yasui Yutaka , Oeffinger Kevin C. , Kuehni Claudia E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundAfter childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), sequelae include overweight and obesity, yet with conflicting evidence. We compared the prevalence of overweight and obesity between ≥5‐year ALL survivors from the North American Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS) and the Swiss Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (SCCSS) and described risk factors.MethodsWe included adult childhood ALL survivors diagnosed between 1976 and 1999. We matched CCSS participants (3:1) to SCCSS participants by sex and attained age. We calculated body mass index (BMI) from self‐reported height and weight for 1287 CCSS and 429 SCCSS participants; we then compared those with siblings (2034) in North America and Switzerland (678) siblings. We assessed risk factors for overweight (BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2) and obesity (≥30 kg/m2) using multinomial regression.ResultsWe found overweight and obesity significantly more common among survivors in North America when compared with survivors in Switzerland [overweight: 30%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 27–32 vs. 24%, 21–29; obesity: 29%, 27–32 vs. 7%, 5–10] and siblings (overweight: 30%, 27–32 vs. 25%, 22–29; obesity: 24%, 22–26 vs. 6%, 4–8). Survivors in North America [odds ratio (OR) = 1.24, 1.01–1.53] and Switzerland (1.27, 0.74–2.21) were slightly more often obese than siblings. Among survivors, risk factors for obesity included residency in North America (5.8, 3.7–9.0); male (1.7, 1.3–2.3); attained age (≥45 years: 5.1, 2.4–10.8); Non‐Hispanic Black (3.4, 1.6–7.0); low household income (2.3, 1.4–3.5); young age at diagnosis (1.6, 1.1–2.2). Cranial radiotherapy ≥18 Gray was only a risk factor for overweight (1.4, 1.0–1.8); steroids were not associated with overweight or obesity. Interaction tests found no evidence of difference in risk factors between cohorts.ConclusionsAlthough treatment‐related risk for overweight and obesity were similar between regions, higher prevalence among survivors in North America identifies important sociodemographic drivers for informing health policy and targeted intervention trials.
The predictive value of the preoperative albumin‐to‐fibrinogen ratio for postoperative hospital length of stay in liver cancer patients
Authors: Li Fang , Ren Yuetong , Fan Jiacheng , Zhou Jin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a significant global health burden, with postoperative hospital length of stay (LOS) impacting patient outcomes and healthcare costs. Existing nutritional, inflammatory, and coagulation indices can predict LOS, with particular interest in albumin, fibrinogen, and D‐dimer. This study investigates the predictive value of preoperative albumin‐to‐fibrinogen ratio (AFR) and albumin‐to‐D‐dimer ratio (ADR) for postoperative LOS in HCC patients.MethodsThis retrospective study involved 462 adult HCC patients who underwent partial hepatic lesion excision between February 2016 and August 2022. We analyzed demographic and clinical data, including preoperative blood samples, surgical approach, and LOS. The primary outcome measure was LOS, calculated from the date of surgery to the date of hospital discharge. Preoperative AFR and ADR were calculated. The ROC curves determined optimal cutoff points. The Cox proportional hazards model, Kaplan–Meier method, and the log‐rank test were used for statistical analysis.ResultsThe study established an optimal AFR cutoff value of 15.474, with a higher AUC value than ADR, indicating superior predictive potential for postoperative LOS. Participants with high‐AFR (AFR > 15.474) had a shorter median LOS (13 vs. 15 days, p < 0.001) compared to those with low‐AFR (AFR ≤15.474). Multivariate analysis revealed high‐AFR (HR: 1.99; p < 0.001) as a positive influence on LOS reduction, whereas Child–Pugh rated as B (HR: 0.49; p < 0.001), laparotomy (HR: 0.37; p < 0.001) and total bilirubin >20.5 μmol/L (HR: 0.58; p < 0.001) negatively impacted LOS reduction. Subgroup analysis confirmed AFR's predictive ability for patients experiencing reduced or prolonged LOS due to Child–Pugh score, surgical methods, and total bilirubin concentrations. Even within normal albumin and fibrinogen levels, patients with high‐AFR exhibited a shorter LOS (all p < 0.001).ConclusionsOur findings underscore the value of the AFR as a reliable predictor of LOS in HCC patients. An AFR greater than 15.474 consistently correlated with a shorter LOS, suggesting its potential clinical utility in guiding perioperative management and resource allocation in HCC patients.
Targeted single‐cell RNA sequencing analysis reveals metabolic reprogramming and the ferroptosis‐resistant state in hematologic malignancies
Authors: Shen Xiaohui , Dong Peiyuan , Kong Jingjing , Sun Nannan , Wang Fang , Sang Lina , Xu Yan , Zhang Mengmeng , Chen Xiaoli , Guo Rong , Wang Shuya , Lin Quande , Jiang Zhongxing , Xu Shan , Zhang Congli , Bian Zhilei , Wang Weimin , Guo Rongqun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHematologic malignancies are the most common hematopoietic diseases and a major public health concern. However, the mechanisms underlying myeloid tumors remain unknown owing to the intricate interplay between mutations and diverse clonal evolution patterns, as evidenced by the analysis of bulk cell‐derived omics data. Several single‐cell omics techniques have been used to characterize the hierarchies and altered immune microenvironments of hematologic malignancies. The comprehensive single‐cell atlas of hematologic malignancies provides novel opportunities for personalized combinatorial targeted treatments, avoiding unwanted chemo‐toxicity. In the present study, we performed transcriptome sequencing by combining single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) with a targeted oncogenic gene panel for acute myeloid leukemia, overcoming the limitations of scRNA‐seq in detecting oncogenic mutations. The distribution of oncogenic IDH1, IDH2, and KRAS mutations in each cell type was identified in the bone marrow (BM) samples of each patient. Our findings suggest that ferroptosis and metabolic reprogramming are involved in the tumorigenesis and chemotherapy resistance of oncogenic mutation‐carrying cells. Biological progression via IDH1, IDH2, and KRAS mutations arrests hematopoietic maturation. Our study findings provide a rationale for using primary BM cells for personalized treatment in clinical settings.
Exploring the relationship between COVID‐19 and immediate 2‐year college enrollment and persistence among Kalamazoo Promise scholars
Authors: McMullen Isabel , Collier Daniel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThere are hundreds of recognized tuition‐free college “promise” programs, but few are as generous or flexible as the Kalamazoo Promise (KPromise). Pre‐COVID studies on KPromise have demonstrated effects on increased college attendance, credit completion, and persistence. Extending these findings to the COVID‐19 pandemic context can help establish a baseline understanding of the ability and limits of tuition‐free college to mitigate a shock to college enrollment and speed the recovery in the aftermath. This chapter explores incoming student college enrollment and first‐year persistence among recent KPromise cohorts at the primary community college that scholars attend: Kalamazoo Valley Community College (KVCC). We found that enrollment decreased for two consecutive cohorts, notably among students with lower high school academic performance. We found that first‐year stop out overall increased, and these two changes together resulted in demographic changes in the KPromise student population at KVCC. Our findings have important implications for tuition‐free programs and the 2‐year institutions that receive Promise students.
Get skilled, get a job, give back: Virginia's tuition‐free program for high‐demand jobs
Authors: Floyd Deborah L. , Cervantes Diana , Salinas Cristobal 
Published: October 2023

AbstractG3: Get Skilled, Get a Job, Give Back is Virginia's new initiative that provides tuition‐free community college to low and middle‐income students pursuing careers in high‐demand fields. Signed into law on March 29, 2021, this new program allocates $36 million to cover tuition, fees, and books for qualified students in high‐need workforce areas: healthcare, information technology, manufacturing and skilled trades, early childhood education and public safety. This commentary aims to describe an overview of the Virginia Community College System's G3 initiative while also describing the G3 at four different colleges representing urban, suburban and rural service areas. Recommendations for policy and practice are offered.
Data and research as evidence in tuition‐free community college legislation
Authors: Ison Matthew P. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe evidence deployed in the policy process is often done so from sources hoping to shape policy along preconceived ideological lines. This chapter presents the data and research cited as evidence in tuition‐free community legislation proposed and enacted by 10 states, along with the sources that produced this evidence when applicable. Results suggest that partisan control of state legislation dictates the type of evidence deployed in support of tuition‐free legislation, with conservative legislation emphasizing the economic impacts of the anticipated increased education, and progressive legislation noting the inequitable outcome with the current financial structure of higher education.
Understanding and responding to free community college critics
Authors: Smith Douglas A. , Cain Christine M. , Tran Henry , Friedel Janice N. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe concept of free community college has critics from the left and right that question its long‐term viability and effectiveness. This chapter provides a discussion to enhance understanding of the criticism against the free community college movement and situate these arguments in the larger discourse on free community college programs. Specific attention focuses on recognizing critical viewpoints, understanding their arguments, and providing responses for institutional and policy decision‐makers in their advocacy for free community college programs. The chapter addresses a range of perspectives that critics argue, including economic, workforce, equity, quality, and outcome issues related to offering free community college.
Personality, financial risk‐taking attitude, and older individuals' stock investment decisions
Authors: Liu Yi , Del Asebedo Sarah , Pearson Blain 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the relationship between personality traits and older individuals' stock investment decisions using structural equation modeling. The results suggest that greater openness and extraversion are associated with a higher propensity to participate in stock investments and hold a larger proportion of stock investments relative to their other financial assets. Additionally, the findings suggest that those with greater conscientiousness and agreeableness are less likely to hold stock investments and tend to hold smaller proportions of stock investments relative to other financial assets. Last, the results indicate that those with greater openness and extraversion are more willing to take financial risks, whereas those with greater conscientiousness and agreeableness display less willingness to take financial risks.
Reticular Synthesis of Flexible Rare‐Earth Metal‐Organic Frameworks: Control of Structural Dynamics and Sorption Properties Through Ligand Functionalization
Authors: Loukopoulos Edward , Angeli Giasemi K. , Tsangarakis Constantinos , Traka Eleni , Froudas Konstantinos G. , Trikalitis Pantelis N. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAn exciting direction in metal‐organic frameworks involves the design and synthesis of flexible structures which can reversibly adapt their structure when triggered by external stimuli. Controlling the extent and nature of response in such solids is critical in order to develop custom dynamic materials for advanced applications. Towards this, it is highly important to expand the diversity of existing flexible MOFs, generating novel materials and gain an in‐depth understanding of the associated dynamic phenomena, eventually unlocking key structure‐property relationships. In the present work, we successfully utilized reticular chemistry for the construction of two novel series of highly crystalline, flexible rare‐earth MOFs, RE‐thc‐MOF‐2 and RE‐teb‐MOF‐1. Extensive single‐crystal to single‐crystal structural analyses coupled with detailed gas and vapor sorption studies, shed light onto the unique responsive behavior. The development of these series is related to the reported RE‐thc‐MOF‐1 solids which were found to display a unique continuous breathing and gas‐trapping property. The synthesis of RE‐thc‐MOF‐2 and RE‐teb‐MOF‐1 materials represents an important milestone as they provide important insights into the key factors that control the responsive properties of this fascinating family of flexible materials and demonstrates that it is possible to control their dynamic behavior and the associated gas and vapor sorption properties.
Adjunctive posterior wall isolation for the treatment of persistent and longstanding persistent atrial fibrillation (CORNERSTONE AF) trial: Design and rationale
Authors: Shigeta Takatoshi , Miyazaki Shinsuke , Inaba Osamu , Inamura Yukihiro , Nitta Junichi , Sekiguchi Yukio , Takahashi Atsushi , Hachiya Hitoshi , Nagata Yasutoshi , Yamauchi Yasuteru , Hayashi Tatsuya , Iwai Shinsuke , Mizukami Akira , Ono Yuichi , Handa Keita , Suzuki Makoto , Suzuki Atsushi , Nakajima Jun , Hirao Kenzo , Okada Hiroyuki , Negishi Miho , Ikenouchi Takashi , Yamamoto Tasuku , Goto Kentaro , Nishimura Takuro , Tao Susumu , Takigawa Masateru , Hirakawa Akihiro , Goya Masahiko , Sasano Tetsuo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundA left atrial posterior wall isolation (LAPWI) is one of the atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation strategies.HypothesisWe hypothesized that an additional empirical LAPWI would increase the freedom from recurrent atrial arrhythmias as compared to standard AF ablation in persistent AF patients.MethodsThe CORNERSTONE AF study is a prospective, randomized, multicenter study investigating patients with AF persisting for >7 days and <3 years undergoing first‐time AF ablation. They will be randomized to pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) or PVI + LAPWI in a 1:1 manner. Although PVI can be performed with either radiofrequency catheters or cryoballoons, only radiofrequency catheters will be permitted to achieve LAPWIs. Additional focal ablation targeting non‐pulmonary vein triggers will be allowed. A total of 516 patients will be enrolled in 17 centers between August 2022 and February 2024 based on the calculation with 80% power, considering the assumption that 65% and 75% of the PVI and PVI + LAPWI group patients will be free from atrial arrhythmia recurrence 18‐months postprocedure (10% of dropout). The primary endpoint is freedom from documented atrial arrhythmias 18 months postsingle procedures. Clinical follow‐up will include 7‐day ambulatory electrocardiograms and routine outpatient consultations by electrophysiologists at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months postprocedure.ResultsAs of August 2023, a total of 331 patients (68 ± 9 years, 270 men, 43 longstanding persistent AF) have been enrolled.ConclusionsThe CORNERSTONE AF study is a prospective, randomized, multicenter trial designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of an adjunctive empirical LAPWI following standard AF ablation in persistent AF patients.
Density of wild honey bee, Apis mellifera, colonies worldwide
Authors: Visick Oliver D. , Ratnieks Francis L. W. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe western honey bee, Apis mellifera, lives worldwide in approximately 102 million managed hives but also wild throughout much of its native and introduced range. Despite the global importance of A. mellifera as a crop pollinator, wild colonies have received comparatively little attention in the scientific literature and basic information regarding their density and abundance is scattered. Here, we review 40 studies that have quantified wild colony density directly (n = 33) or indirectly using genetic markers (n = 7) and analyse data from 41 locations worldwide to identify factors that influence wild colony density. We also compare the density of wild and managed colonies at a regional scale using data on managed colonies from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Wild colony densities varied from 0.1 to 24.2/km2 and were significantly lower in Europe (average of 0.26/km2) than in Northern America (1.4/km2), Oceania (4.4/km2), Latin America (6.7/km2) and Africa (6.8/km2). Regional differences were not significant after controlling for both temperature and survey area, suggesting that cooler climates and larger survey areas may be responsible for the low densities reported in Europe. Managed colony densities were 2.2/km2 in Asia, 1.2/km2 in Europe, 0.2/km2, in Northern America, 0.2/km2 in Oceania, 0.5/km2 in Latin America and 1/km2 in Africa. Wild colony densities exceeded those of managed colonies in all regions except Europe and Asia. Overall, there were estimated to be between two and three times as many wild colonies as managed worldwide. More wild colony surveys, particularly in Asia and South America, are needed to assess the relative density of wild and managed colonies at smaller spatial scales.
Tiger reefs: Self‐organized regular patterns in deep‐sea cold‐water coral reefs
Authors: van der Kaaden Anna‐Selma , Maier Sandra R. , Siteur Koen , De Clippele Laurence H. , van de Koppel Johan , Purkis Sam J. , Rietkerk Max , Soetaert Karline , van Oevelen Dick 
Published: October 2023

AbstractComplexity theory predicts that self‐organized, regularly patterned ecosystems store more biomass and are more resilient than spatially uniform systems. Self‐organized ecosystems are well‐known from the terrestrial realm, with “tiger bushes” being the archetypical example and mussel beds and tropical coral reefs the marine examples. We here identify regular spatial patterns in cold‐water coral reefs (nicknamed “tiger reefs”) from video transects and argue that these are likely the result of self‐organization. We used variograms and Lomb–Scargle analysis of seven annotated video transects to analyze spatial patterns in live coral and dead coral (i.e., skeletal remains) cover at the Logachev coral mound province (NE Atlantic Ocean) and found regular spatial patterns with length scales between 62 and 523 m in live and dead coral distribution along these transects that point to self‐organization of cold‐water coral reefs. Self‐organization theory shows that self‐organized ecosystems can withstand large environmental changes by adjusting their spatial configuration. We found indications that cold‐water corals can similarly adjust their spatial configuration, possibly providing resilience in the face of climate change. Dead coral framework remains in the environment for extended periods of time, providing a template for spatial patterns that facilitates live coral recovery. The notion of regular spatial patterns in cold‐water coral reefs is interesting for cold‐water coral restoration, as transplantation will be more successful when it follows the patterns that are naturally present. This finding also underlines that anthropogenic effects such as ocean acidification and bottom trawling that destroy the dead coral template undermine cold‐water coral resilience. Differences in the pattern periodicities of live and dead coral cover further present an interesting new angle to investigate past and present environmental conditions in cold‐water coral reefs.