bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of climate change and anthropogenic activities on lacustrine ecosystems of the Kashmir Valley, NW Himalaya, India
Authors: Shah Rayees Ahmad , Paul Omar Jaan , Dar Reyaz Ahmad , Romshoo Shakil Ahmad 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDue to the significant sedimentation and anthropogenic pressures, the Kashmir Himalaya lakes (Dal, Wular, Manasbal) located within and in the vicinity of urban settlements are experiencing massive degradation. The unique climate, geographic setting, and rock degradation owing to the tectonic uplift of the area, contribute to increased sedimentation in these lakes. The sewage and other anthropogenic pressures have also increased various minerals including nitrogen influx in these lakes. Total organic carbon levels in the Dal Lake are high and range from 2.72% to 25.12%, with nitrogen levels ranging from 0.92% to 9.81%. The total organic carbon of Wular and Manasbal Lakes ranges from 0.83% to 4.52%, and 3.11% to 13.74% with nitrogen ranging from 0.06% to 0.5% and 0.20% to 1.96%, respectively. The estimated sedimentation rates for the Wular, Manasbal, and Dal Lakes are 0.125 cm/yr, 0.44 cm/yr, and 0.93 cm/yr. Given these factors and the geographic setting of Kashmir Himalaya, it is believed that under the sustained threat of climate change and anthropogenic pressure, mitigation strategies to control sedimentation and pollution are unavoidable for the long‐term survival of these valuable ecosystems. This review examines contributing factors, explores potential consequences, and proposes mitigation measures, to save these important aquatic ecosystems from further deterioration.
Gravitative Massenbewegungen und Naturgefahren der Kryosphäre
Authors: Glade Thomas 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungGravitative Massenbewegungen und Naturgefahren der Kryosphäre sind auf vielfältige Faktoren zurückzuführen, deren Zusammenwirken in der Gesamtheit betrachtet werden muss. Die vorbereitenden, auslösenden und kontrollierenden Faktoren werden in unterschiedlichster Weise vom Klimawandel beeinflusst. Der Autor erläutert relevante Hintergründe, beschreibt beobachtete Trends und Projektionen zu gravitativen Massenbewegungen (Muren, Fels- und Bergstürze, Hangrutschungen), Permafrost, Gletschern und Schneelawinen sowie das Zusammenspiel der unterschiedlichen Ursachen. Er diskutiert darüber hinaus, welche der Veränderungen in der Häufigkeit oder Stärke von Naturgefahren tatsächlich ausschließlich dem Klimawandel zuzuschreiben sein könnten und welche Anteile hierbei der direkte menschliche Einfluss hat, und konstatiert, dass eine eindeutige Trennung häufig nicht vollzogen werden kann.
Analyse von Anpassungskapazitäten
Authors: Kahlenborn Walter , Reusswig Fritz , Schauser Inke 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungAnpassungskapazitätsbewertung ist ein methodisch anspruchsvolles Feld. Zentrale Herausforderungen sind a) die Komplexität und Vielfalt an Wirkbeziehungen und Faktoren, die eine Rolle spielen und in der Einschätzung berücksichtigt werden müssen; b) die Notwendigkeit, ohne verlässliche Trends in die Zukunft zu blicken; c) das Erfordernis, Potenziale zu bewerten statt real messbarer Tatbestände. Die bundesweite Klimawirkungs- und Risikoanalyse 2021 (KWRA 2021) präsentiert eine Weiterentwicklung bestehender Analysen, welche die Herausforderungen betreffend Komplexität, Zukünftigkeit und Potenzialcharakter über verschiedene methodische Ansätze zu reduzieren versucht. Die Analyse umfasst Betrachtungen auf sektoraler und generischer Ebene und stellt diese durch die Verwendung von sechs Anpassungsdimensionen in einen gemeinsamen methodischen Kontext. Auch auf kommunaler Ebene steigt die Forschungstätigkeit an, bisher bestehen dort allerdings nur vereinzelte Anpassungskapazitätsbewertungen. Als Vorschlag für die Kategorisierung der Anpassungskapazität auf kommunaler Ebene wenden die Verfassenden die sechs Dimensionen der Bundesebene auch hier an.
Grenzen und Herausforderungen der regionalen Klimamodellierung
Authors: Dobler Andreas , Feldmann Hendrik , Meredith Edmund , Ulbrich Uwe 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungKlimamodellrechnungen projizieren immer nur mögliche Zukünfte. Wie zu erwarten ergeben sich dabei je nach Veränderungen der Konzentration an Treibhausgasen und Schwebteilchen (Aerosolen) in der Atmosphäre jeweils andere Resultate. Solche Unschärfen führen auch zu systematisch unterschiedlichen Ergebnissen. Andererseits ergeben sich Variationen zwischen einzelnen Berechnungen und somit Unschärfen, die letztlich den komplexen Prozessen und Wechselwirkungen im Klimasystem geschuldet sind. Daher werden vielfach, global wie regional, mehrere Klimamodelle eingesetzt und jeweils eine ganze Anzahl einzelner Rechnungen für die einzelnen Szenarien durchgeführt, um die Bandbreite der möglichen Entwicklungen besser beurteilen zu können. Das Kapitel handelt von den Grenzen und Herausforderungen der regionalen Klimamodellierung, der Belastbarkeit ihrer Ergebnisse und zukünftigen Weiterentwicklungsmöglichkeiten.
The Higgs-gluon form factor at three loops in QCD with three mass scales
Authors: Niggetiedt Marco , Usovitsch Johann 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We report on the complete three-loop corrections to the Higgs-gluon form factor in QCD. While previous calculations are based on QCD with a single heavy quark of arbitrary mass, we extend the study to QCD involving two different massive quark flavors. Thereby, the full set of possible Feynman diagrams at three-loop order is taken into account. Employing differential equations for the relevant master integrals, we determine the form factor in terms of analytic expansions. Outside the radii of convergence, we compute high-precision numerical samples over the two-dimensional physical parameter space. Our new findings will enter as virtual corrections the computation of the top-bottom interference in hadronic Higgs-boson production at next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in QCD.
Flux Landscape with enhanced symmetry not on SL(2, ℤ) elliptic points
Authors: Ishiguro Keiya , Kai Takafumi , Kobayashi Tatsuo , Otsuka Hajime 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We study structures of solutions for SUSY Minkowski F-term equations on two toroidal orientifolds with h2,1 = 1. Following our previous study [1], with fixed upper bounds of a flux D3-brane charge Nflux, we obtain a whole Landscape and a distribution of degeneracies of physically-distinct solutions for each case. In contrast to our previous study, we consider a non-factorizable toroidal orientifold and its Landscape on which SL(2, ℤ) is violated into a certain congruence subgroup, as it had been known in past studies. We find that it is not the entire duality group that a complex-structure modulus U enjoys but its outer semi-direct product with a “scaling” outer automorphism group. The fundamental region is enlarged to include the |U| < 1 region. In addition, we find that high degeneracy is observed at an elliptic point, not of SL(2, Z) but of the outer automorphism group. Furthermore, ℤ2-enhanced symmetry is realized on the elliptic point. The outer automorphism group is exceptional in the sense that it is consistent with a symplectic basis transformation of background three-cycles, as opposed to the outer automorphism group of SL(2, ℤ). We also compare this result with Landscape of another factorizable toroidal orientifold.
Hautabszess verursacht durch Actinomyces radingae
Authors: Davidovic Miodrag , Ecker Miriam Eva , Lößlein Anne Kathrin , Eyerich Kilian , Schempp Christoph Mathis 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungWir berichten über einen 77-jährigen Patienten, bei dem aus einem Abszess Actinomyces radingae isoliert wurde. Nach antibiogrammgerechter Therapie mit Amoxicillin/Clavulansäure über 6 Wochen kam es zu einer Abheilung der Infektion. A. radingae ist ein seltener Erreger von Haut- und Weichteilinfektionen. Wie bei anderen Actinomyces-Infektionen sind aufgrund des chronischen Verlaufs und der langen Therapiedauer eine frühzeitige Erregeridentifizierung und zielgerichtete antibiotische Therapie entscheidend für die optimale Sanierung der Infektion. In der Regel ist A. radingae sensibel auf β‑Lactam-Antibiotika.
The use of animal models in preclinical investigations for the development of a surgical mesh for pelvic organ prolapse
Authors: Seifalian Amelia , Digesu Alex , Khullar Vikram 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
Polypropylene (PP) mesh for the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) has raised substantial concerns over long-term complications, leading to its ban in multiple countries. In response, emerging materials are being explored as alternatives for prolapse surgery. Preclinical animal models have historically played a pivotal role in validating medical devices, prior to clinical trials. Successful translation of these materials necessitates the identification of suitable animal models that replicate the female human pelvis and its biomechanical properties. Preclinical in vivo testing assesses the safety of surgical mesh and treatment efficacy in preventing POP recurrence.

Methods
The research critically reviews animal models used for preclinical pelvic mesh testing over the last decade and proposes a promising model for future preclinical studies.

Results
Rats were the most common mammal used for toxicity and biocompatibility investigations through abdominal implantation. Although non-human primates serve as a gold standard for efficacy testing, ethical considerations limit their use owing to their close biological and cognitive resemblance to humans. Consequently, sheep were the most preferred large animal model owing to their reproductive system similarities and propensity for spontaneous POP following parity.

Conclusion
The study contributes valuable insights into the selection of appropriate animal models for preclinical pelvic mesh testing, offering guidance that is crucial for enhancing the safety and efficacy of novel surgical interventions in the treatment of POP.
Broadening Horizons: a 3-month structured webinar series for undergraduate and postgraduate plastic surgery education
Authors: Boyce Louis , Jordan Chloe , Ramjee Serena , Evans Ellie , Pafitanis Georgios 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
We created a 3-month webinar series, entitled Broadening Horizons, which explored plastic surgery principles from each subspeciality according to the Intercollegiate Surgical Curriculum Programme (ISCP) for plastic surgery. This article reports on our experience of producing a teaching programme, its impact on our delegates, and provides a useful guide to creating future webinar series in plastic surgery and other specialities.

Methods
Pre- and post-course questionnaires were used to perform a needs analysis, collect feedback and assess our delegates’ career interests and perceptions of plastic surgery. Delegates rated their responses on 5-point Likert scales. Delegates also undertook a 60-question pre- and post-course exam to test their knowledge.

Results
One thousand eight attendances were recorded for the entire 16-part webinar series. Sixty-three (53–73) delegates, including undergraduate, postgraduate and international students, attended each lecture on average. Seventy-five percent of delegates felt they had previously received inadequate plastic surgery teaching. Ninety-six percent were satisfied or very satisfied with Broadening Horizons. Confidence in their knowledge of plastic surgery increased significantly from 2 (1–3) (not very confident) to 3 (2–5) (somewhat confident) (p = 0.01). Post-course exam scores increased significantly from 49% (32–67) to 56% (23–85) (p = 0.05). Career interest and positive perceptions were maintained.

Conclusions
This is the first webinar series to provide undergraduates and postgraduates plastic surgery teaching based on ISCP learning objectives. The series increased delegates’ knowledge and confidence in their understanding of plastic surgery. This article describes the 5-E-Z step guide to developing future teaching programmes similar to Broadening Horizons.

Level of evidence Not ratable
Incidence and clinical impact of renal failure and bleeding following transcatheter tricuspid valve annuloplasty
Authors: Gietzen Thorsten , Althoff Jan , Ochs Laurin , Gerçek Muhammed , von Stein Jennifer , Hasse Caroline , Iliadis Christos , Friedrichs Kai , Rudolph Volker , Baldus Stephan , Pfister Roman , Körber Maria Isabel 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Bleeding is the most common complication after percutaneous leaflet-based tricuspid valve repair and associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) and adverse outcome. TTVA with the Cardioband system is a technically more complex procedure; however, frequency and prognostic impact of postinterventional bleeding and renal complications have not been thoroughly examined.

Aims
This study was performed to determine the incidence and clinical impact of bleeding complications (MVARC criteria) and acute kidney injury (KDIGO criteria) following transcatheter tricuspid valve annuloplasty (TTVA).

Methods
In a bi-center retrospective analysis of patients undergoing TTVA between 2018 and 2022, we examined frequency, predictors, and clinical impact of bleeding and renal failure.

Results
In 145 consecutive patients, the incidence of any MVARC bleeding was 20.7% (n = 30), whereas major MVARC bleeding occurred in 6.9% (n = 10). The incidence of AKI was 18.6% (n = 27). Risk factors for bleeding events included low baseline hemoglobin and elevated baseline creatinine levels. Risk factors for AKI included diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, high body mass index, and elevated baseline creatinine levels. Neither procedure duration nor amount of contrast media was associated with AKI or bleeding. Both bleeding and AKI led to a longer hospital stay.
At 3 months, 10.0% (n = 3) of patients with bleeding and 7.8% (n = 9) of patients without bleeding complications died (p = 0.70). Additionally, mortality rate was 7.4% (n = 2) in patients with AKI compared to 8.5% (n = 10) without AKI (p = 0.83).

Conclusion
While about a fifth of patients undergoing TTVA suffered from postinterventional AKI or bleeding, none of these complications was associated with higher mortality at short-term follow-up. One important risk factor for both complications was chronic renal dysfunction, indicating a high-risk patient population. The most frequent bleeding localizations were the femoral access site, pericardial hemorrhage, and the esophagus, which need explicit attention in periprocedural management.

Graphical Abstract
Refractive predictive errors using Barrett II, Hoffer-Q, and SRKT formulae for pediatric IOL implantation
Authors: Shmueli Or , Azem Nur , Navarrete Ana , Matanis-Suidan Milka , David Ran , Mechoulam Hadas , Anteby Irene 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To compare the accuracy of the Barrett II universal (BU II) formula, Hoffer-Q, and SRKT formulae following lensectomy and IOL implantation in a large pediatric cohort.

Methods
Retrospective study of children who underwent lensectomy and IOL implantation between 2015 and 2023 at Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.

Results
One hundred and fifty-one eyes of 104 children aged 6.0 ± 3.9 years were included. The mean prediction error (PE) was − 0.08 ± 1.54 diopters (D) with BU II, 0.24 ± 1.46 D with Hoffer-Q, and 0.71 ± 1.92 D with SRKT (P = 0.10). In eyes with axial length (AL) < 22 mm, BU II and Hoffer-Q had a smaller PE than SRKT (P = 0.024). In eyes with AL ≥ 22 mm, BU II had a smaller PE than Hoffer-Q (P = 0.048).
In children 24 months or older at surgery, BU II had a smaller PE than SRKT and Hoffer-Q (P = 0.012). However, in younger children, no difference was found between the formulae (P = 0.61).
For mean k-values ≥ 44.5 D, BU II and Hoffer-Q had a smaller PE than SRKT (P = 0.002). An absolute prediction error < 1.0 D was obtained with BU II in 66% of eyes and SRKT in 35% (P = 0.01).

Conclusions
The BU II formula performed well with a small prediction error. No significant difference in PE was detected overall between the formulae. However, only BU II demonstrated a stable prediction error at varying axial lengths, K-readings, and ages. As the biometric parameters of the developing eye change with growth, the BU II formula offers a reliable and stable option for pediatric IOL calculation.
Effective speed control of brushless DC motor using cascade 1PDf-PI controller tuned by snake optimizer
Authors: Çelik Emre , Karayel Mehmet 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper introduces a cascade one proportional derivative incorporating filter (1PDf)-proportional integral (PI) controller abbreviated as c-1PDf-PI to deal effectively with the speed control issue of brushless DC (BLDC) motors. Two problems exist with implementing this controller such as iterated integral overflow and derivation-based chattering owing to the noise. The former is resolved by using an equivalent expression for the integral operation, while the latter is addressed by putting a first-order filter on the derivative term. To achieve the best performance from the controller, snake optimizer (SO) is fruitfully employed for optimizing the controller parameters without need for expert knowledge/interpretation. Here, a more reasonable cost function to assess the candidate solutions is also described. Simulations and laboratory experiments using DSP of TI TMS320F28335 are performed and the results are presented which show that the reference tracking performance, torque disturbance capability and robustness of the c-1PDf-PI controller have potential. These results are also contrasted by those offered by PI and 1PDf speed control schemes individually, affirming the superior performance of our proposal. As per the results, discussion and observation of this research, we stress that good performance and simplicity are salient advantages of the c-1PDf-PI controller, rendering it a good alternative over the complicated controller designs.
Real-time sign language recognition based on YOLO algorithm
Authors: Alaftekin Melek , Pacal Ishak , Cicek Kenan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study focuses on real-time hand gesture recognition in the Turkish sign language detection system. YOLOv4-CSP based on convolutional neural network (CNN), a state-of-the-art object detection algorithm, is used to provide real-time and high-performance detection. The YOLOv4-CSP algorithm is created by adding CSPNet to the neck of the original YOLOv4 to improve network performance. A new object detection model has been proposed by optimizing the YOLOv4-CSP algorithm in order to provide more efficient detection in Turkish sign language. The model uses CSPNet throughout the network to increase the learning ability of the network. However, Proposed YOLOv4-CSP has a learning model with Mish activation function, complete intersection of union (CIoU) loss function and transformer block added. The Proposed YOLOv4-CSP algorithm has faster learning with transfer learning than previous versions. This allows the proposed YOLOv4-CSP algorithm to perform a faster restriction and recognition of static hand signals simultaneously. To evaluate the speed and detection performance of the proposed YOLOv4-CSP model, it is compared with previous YOLO series, which offers real-time detection, as well. YOLOv3, YOLOv3-SPP, YOLOv4-CSP and proposed YOLOv4-CSP models are trained with a labeled dataset consisting of numbers in Turkish Sign language, and their performances on the hand signals recognitions are compared. With the proposed method, 98.95% precision, 98.15% recall, 98.55 F1 score and 99.49% mAP results are obtained in 9.8 ms. The proposed method for detecting numbers in Turkish sign language outperforms other algorithms with both real-time performance and accurate hand sign prediction, regardless of background.
Domestic violence as a risk factor of maternal filicide
Authors: Vileisis Julia , Laufer Brooke 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This paper will investigate precursors to maternal filicide, focusing on domestic violence. While psychosis is often well described, less frequently explored are the connections between prior trauma, domestic violence, depression, and filicide. We will discuss reasons why a woman may not disclose domestic violence and suggest possible areas for intervention.

Methods
We present a case involving domestic violence, its impact on mental health, and eventual filicide. We then present an alternative scenario of the same case where filicide is considered, but is avoided.

Results
The case of the mother who experienced domestic violence and was accused and sentenced for filicide is seen in greater relief by presenting the case in an alternative scenario with effective interventions. It is clear the availability and the ability to access community supports, such as obstetric and pediatric screening, psychiatric treatment, domestic violence shelters, intimate partner violence outreach services, parenting support groups, and hospital social work case management, tragedies such as filicide can be prevented.

Conclusion
Traumatic early childhood experiences predispose people to a stress–response system that is more prone to inactivity and impulsivity. This can cause women in domestic violence relationships to stay, limit their options for family planning, become increasingly depressed, not seek community support, and risk impulsive action of harming their child. This risk can be mitigated by building stable relationships with their medical team, treating depression, connecting with home visitation programs, and being empowered to access contraception.
Stable Spectral Methods for Time-Dependent Problems and the Preservation of Structure
Authors: Iserles Arieh 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper is concerned with orthonormal systems in real intervals, given with zero Dirichlet boundary conditions. More specifically, our interest is in systems with a skew-symmetric differentiation matrix (this excludes orthonormal polynomials). We consider a simple construction of such systems and pursue its ramifications. In general, given any $$\text {C}^1(a,b)$$

C
1

(
a
,
b
)

weight function such that $$w(a)=w(b)=0$$

w
(
a
)
=
w
(
b
)
=
0

, we can generate an orthonormal system with a skew-symmetric differentiation matrix. Except for the case $$a=-\infty $$

a
=
-
∞

, $$b=+\infty $$

b
=
+
∞

, only few powers of that matrix are bounded and we establish a connection between properties of the weight function and boundedness. In particular, we examine in detail two weight functions: the Laguerre weight function $$x^\alpha \textrm{e}^{-x}$$

x
α

e

-
x

for $$x>0$$

x
>
0

and $$\alpha >0$$

α
>
0

and the ultraspherical weight function $$(1-x^2)^\alpha $$

(
1
-

x
2

)

α

, $$x\in (-1,1)$$

x
∈
(
-
1
,
1
)

, $$\alpha >0$$

α
>
0

, and establish their properties. Both weights share a most welcome feature of separability, which allows for fast computation. The quality of approximation is highly sensitive to the choice of $$\alpha $$
α
, and we discuss how to choose optimally this parameter, depending on the number of zero boundary conditions.