bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Analysis of Mingrelians Reveals Long-Term Continuity of Populations in Western Georgia (Caucasus)
Authors: Schurr Theodore G , Shengelia Ramaz , Shamoon-Pour Michel , Chitanava David , Laliashvili Shorena , Laliashvili Irma , Kibret Redate , Kume-Kangkolo Yanu , Akhvlediani Irakli , Bitadze Lia , Mathieson Iain , Yardumian Aram 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To elucidate the population history of the Caucasus, we conducted a survey of genetic diversity in Samegrelo (Mingrelia), western Georgia. We collected DNA samples and genealogical information from 485 individuals residing in 30 different locations, the vast majority of whom being Mingrelian speaking. From these DNA samples, we generated mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequences for all 485 participants (female and male), Y-short tandem repeat haplotypes for the 372 male participants, and analyzed all samples at nearly 590,000 autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) plus around 33,000 on the sex chromosomes, with 27,000 SNP removed for missingness, using the GenoChip 2.0+ microarray. The resulting data were compared with those from populations from Anatolia, the Caucasus, the Near East, and Europe. Overall, Mingrelians exhibited considerable mtDNA haplogroup diversity, having high frequencies of common West Eurasian haplogroups (H, HV, I, J, K, N1, R1, R2, T, U, and W. X2) and low frequencies of East Eurasian haplogroups (A, C, D, F, and G). From a Y-chromosome standpoint, Mingrelians possessed a variety of haplogroups, including E1b1b, G2a, I2, J1, J2, L, Q, R1a, and R1b. Analysis of autosomal SNP data further revealed that Mingrelians are genetically homogeneous and cluster with other modern-day South Caucasus populations. When compared with ancient DNA samples from Bronze Age archaeological contexts in the broader region, these data indicate that the Mingrelian gene pool began taking its current form at least by this period, probably in conjunction with the formation of a distinct linguistic community.
Genomic Divergence and the Evolution of Ecotypes in Bottlenose Dolphins (Genus Tursiops)
Authors: Pratt Eleanor A L , Beheregaray Luciano B , Fruet Pedro , Tezanos-Pinto Gabriela , Bilgmann Kerstin , Zanardo Nikki , Diaz-Aguirre Fernando , Secchi Eduardo R , Freitas Thales R O , Möller Luciana M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Climatic changes have caused major environmental restructuring throughout the world's oceans. Marine organisms have responded to novel conditions through various biological systems, including genomic adaptation. Growing accessibility of next-generation DNA sequencing methods to study nonmodel species has recently allowed genomic changes underlying environmental adaptations to be investigated. This study used double-digest restriction-site associated DNA (ddRAD) sequence data to investigate the genomic basis of ecotype formation across currently recognized species and subspecies of bottlenose dolphins (genus Tursiops) in the Southern Hemisphere. Subspecies-level genomic divergence was confirmed between the offshore common bottlenose dolphin (T. truncatus truncatus) and the inshore Lahille's bottlenose dolphin (T. t. gephyreus) from the southwestern Atlantic Ocean (SWAO). Similarly, subspecies-level divergence is suggested between inshore (eastern Australia) Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin (T. aduncus) and the proposed Burrunan dolphin (T. australis) from southern Australia. Inshore bottlenose dolphin lineages generally had lower genomic diversity than offshore lineages, a pattern particularly evident for T. t. gephyreus, which showed exceptionally low diversity. Genomic regions associated with cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and energy production systems appear to have undergone repeated adaptive evolution in inshore lineages across the Southern Hemisphere. We hypothesize that comparable selective pressures in the inshore environment drove similar adaptive responses in each lineage, supporting parallel evolution of inshore bottlenose dolphins. With climate change altering marine ecosystems worldwide, it is crucial to gain an understanding of the adaptive capacity of local species and populations. Our study provides insights into key adaptive pathways that may be important for the long-term survival of cetaceans and other organisms in a changing marine environment.
Selective Engagement in Preparations for Aging
Authors: Hess Thomas M , Park Jeongsoo , de Paula Couto M Clara P , Fung Helene H , Rothermund Klaus 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Preparing for old age is an adaptive behavior with positive consequences on well-being. This study examined; (a) the degree to which the importance associated with positive outcomes within specific domains of everyday functioning (e.g., social relationships, health) varies across ages and cultures; (b) the impact of importance on preparing for old age; and (c) whether the effects of importance were greater in later life.

Methods
Using data from adults aged 30–85 years in Germany (n = 623), Hong Kong (n = 317), and the United States (n = 313) collected over 5 years, we examined variations in importance ratings across age, cultures, and behavioral domains, and the extent to which age and importance predicted preparations.

Results
Importance ratings were found to vary with age, time of test, domains, and culture, reflecting the expected contextual effects. Importance also was a positive predictor of preparations, with the strength of prediction being somewhat greater in old age.

Discussion
The results provide evidence that the perceived importance of functioning within domains is affected by a number of contextual factors, including the domain of everyday function and culture. Given that importance also predicts preparations, such variation may help explain differences in preparations across contexts. In line with selective engagement theory, some support was also obtained for the prediction that older adults are more selective in engaging resources in support of preparations. Such selectivity can be viewed as an adaptive response to diminishing personal resources in later life.
Nurses can be key “REACH” accountable care organization partners to mitigate Medicare inequity
Authors: Rieselbach Richard , Sundwall David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We propose that Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs) can be key Accountable Care Organization (ACO) partners in mitigating Medicare inequity due to a shortage of primary care physicians. This shortage particularly impacts minority Medicare beneficiaries residing in urban and rural Health Professional Shortage Areas. In order to expand the primary care workforce to open the gateway to our health care system for these beneficiaries, we propose that APRNs provide primary care in a Medicare Neighborhood Clinic, as key partners of a modified “REACH” (Realizing Equity, Access, and Community Health) ACO model. We review the long history of ineffective efforts to alleviate the physician primary care shortage. After highlighting a report emphasizing the importance of nurses in achieving health equity, we describe the APRN role in a Medicare Neighborhood Clinic, and its potential for alleviating the primary care shortage. This clinic, as part of the modified “REACH” strategy, provides nurses with a key role in achieving Medicare equity. We contend that this strategy, as a means of APRNs providing value-based care to all Medicare beneficiaries while restraining the Medicare budget, contributes to transforming primary care for Medicare equity.
snRNA-seq analysis in multinucleated myogenic FSHD cells identifies heterogeneous FSHD transcriptome signatures associated with embryonic-like program activation and oxidative stress-induced apoptosis
Authors: Zheng Dongxu , Wondergem Annelot , Kloet Susan , Willemsen Iris , Balog Judit , Tapscott Stephen J , Mahfouz Ahmed , van den Heuvel Anita , van der Maarel Silvère M 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe sporadic nature of DUX4 expression in FSHD muscle challenges comparative transcriptome analyses between FSHD and control samples. A variety of DUX4 and FSHD-associated transcriptional changes have been identified, but bulk RNA-seq strategies prohibit comprehensive analysis of their spatiotemporal relation, interdependence and role in the disease process. In this study, we used single-nucleus RNA-sequencing of nuclei isolated from patient- and control-derived multinucleated primary myotubes to investigate the cellular heterogeneity in FSHD. Taking advantage of the increased resolution in snRNA-sequencing of fully differentiated myotubes, two distinct populations of DUX4-affected nuclei could be defined by their transcriptional profiles. Our data provides insights into the differences between these two populations and suggests heterogeneity in two well-known FSHD-associated transcriptional aberrations: increased oxidative stress and inhibition of myogenic differentiation. Additionally, we provide evidence that DUX4-affected nuclei share transcriptome features with early embryonic cells beyond the well-described cleavage stage, progressing into the 8-cell and blastocyst stages. Altogether, our data suggests that the FSHD transcriptional profile is defined by a mixture of individual and sometimes mutually exclusive DUX4-induced responses and cellular state-dependent downstream effects.
Expanding the scope and roles of social sciences and humanities to support integrated ecosystem assessments and ecosystem-based management
Authors: Tam Jamie C , Parlee Courtenay E , Campbell-Miller Jill , Bellanger Manuel , Bentley Jacob , Pourfaraj Vahab , Andrews Evan J , Eger Sondra L , Cook Adam M , Beaulieu Gabrielle 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Understanding social-ecological systems (SESs) is an important part of ecosystem-based management (EBM). One of the main decision support frameworks to develop scientific advice for EBM is integrated ecosystem assessments (IEAs). Human dimensions in SESs are primarily captured through indicators derived from three social sciences: economics, anthropology, and sociology. The breadth of social sciences and humanities (SSH) research is much greater than those three fields, but they are generally underused in natural science-based decision support processes such as IEAs. Greater contributions of SSHs can enhance IEAs through various direct (e.g. to develop indicators) and indirect ways (e.g. to establish and maintain ethical practices). We examine a wider range of SSH disciplines and conclude that scientific advice processes that inform EBM can benefit from broader integration of SSH theories and methods through themes of contextualizing, facilitating, communicating, evaluating, and anticipating. We see this an opportunity to both widen the vocabulary used to describe social scientists and those who work in humanities in IEAs, and apply the underlying worldviews used to conduct SSH research to fundamentally enhance the IEA process and to further progress in EBM.
Upcalling behaviour and patterns in North Atlantic right whales, implications for monitoring protocols during wind energy development
Authors: Davis G E , Tennant S C , Van Parijs S M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Offshore wind energy is rapidly developing in US waters, with construction underway off Southern New England (SNE), an important region for many species, including the critically endangered North Atlantic right whale (NARW). A data-driven understanding of NARW upcalling behaviour is presented here to help establish proper monitoring protocols for mitigating impacts. Analyses of individual upcalls from 2 years of acoustic recordings showed that NARWs were detected at least 1 day every week throughout both years, with highest NARW presence from October to April. Weeks with more days of acoustic presence typically had more hours with calling activity, but the number of upcalls within a day or hour was variable, reflective of the social function of the upcall. Within SNE, on average, 95% of the time NARWs persisted for 10 days, and reoccurred again within 11 days. An evaluation of the time period over which it is most effective to monitor prior to commencing pile driving activities showed that with 1 h of pre-construction monitoring there was only 4% likelihood of hearing a NARW, compared to 74% at 18 h. Therefore, monitoring for at least 24 h prior to activity will increase the likelihood of detecting an up-calling NARW.
Control and paralysis? A context-sensitive analysis of objections to supermajorities in constitutional adjudication
Authors: Rivera León Mauro Arturo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Supermajorities in judicial review are present in several countries, including the United States (at the state level), Mexico, Peru, the Czech Republic, Chile, and South Korea. Despite their prevalence, the theoretical legitimacy of supermajorities has been a topic of intense debate since the early twenty-first century. A notable gap exists between this theoretical discourse and empirical research that examines the supermajority models in practice. This article endeavors to bridge this gap. Focusing on two important concerns raised in comparative scholarship—namely that supermajorities might enable political branches to control the court through select appointments, and they could potentially paralyze constitutional courts—this article offers a nuanced examination of the Mexican scenario. It argues that specific mechanisms governing judicial appointments, such as staggered terms and pluralistic appointments, can effectively mitigate the risk of court control in supermajority settings. Furthermore, a thorough assessment of an ad hoc dataset on decisions in which the supermajority was applicable suggests that these majorities do not paralyze the court.
Constituent power: From Schmitt to Kantorowicz—Afterword to the Foreword by Sergio Verdugo
Authors: Barshack Lior 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In his Foreword, Sergio Verdugo presents Schmitt’s account of constituent power as the conventional understanding of this concept. At the same time, he shows that Schmitt’s views are contested and hardly accepted as a matter of convention. Verdugo’s critiques of constituent power are leveled mainly against Schmitt’s (“conventional”) understanding of the concept. If Schmitt’s account is relaxed, various criticisms of constituent power seem overstated. We have good reasons to abandon Schmitt’s conception of constituent power as unlimited and permanently active. Several flaws of Schmitt’s model of constituent power have to do with its failure to account for the contribution of constituent power to world-building. A restless and omnipotent constituent power cannot contribute much to the construction of a public world. Schmitt’s unruly constituent power entraps society in a state of permanent worldlessnes (Arendt) or communitas (Turner). In order to allow for the reproduction of the public world, constituent power has to be limited and discontinuous. A theory of the constitution that is based on Kantorowicz’s account of the corporate body politic sheds light on the legal construction of public space and public time.
Multiple Ising Interfaces in Annulus and 2N-Sided Radial SLE
Authors: Feng Yu , Wu Hao , Yang Lu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We consider critical planar Ising model in annulus with alternating boundary conditions on the outer boundary and free boundary conditions in the inner boundary. As the size of the inner hole goes to zero, the event that all interfaces get close to the inner hole before they meet each other is a rare event. We prove that the law of the collection of the interfaces conditional on this rare event converges in total variation distance to the so-called $2N$-sided radial SLE$_{3}$, introduced by [ 16]. The proof relies crucially on an estimate for multiple chordal SLE. Suppose $(\gamma _{1}, \ldots , \gamma _{N})$ is chordal $N$-SLE$_{\kappa }$ with $\kappa \in (0,4]$ in the unit disc, and we consider the probability that all $N$ curves get close to the origin. We prove that the limit $\lim _{r\to 0+}r^{-A_{2N}}\mathbb{P}[\textrm{dist}(0,\gamma _{j})&lt;r, 1\le j\le N]$ exists, where $A_{2N}$ is the so-called $2N$-arm exponents and $\textrm{dist}$ is Euclidean distance. We call the limit Green’s function for chordal $N$-SLE$_{\kappa }$. This estimate is a generalization of previous conclusions with $N=1$ and $N=2$ proved in [ 25, 26] and [ 32], respectively.
Modelling the dynamics and phenotypic consequences of tiller outgrowth and cessation in sorghum
Authors: Hammer Graeme L , McLean Greg , Kholová Jana , van Oosterom Erik 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Tillering affects canopy leaf area, and hence crop growth via capture of light, water and nutrients. Depending on the season, variation in tillering can result in increased or decreased yield. Reduced tillering has been associated with water-saving and enhanced yield in water-limited conditions. The objective of this study was to develop a generic model of the dynamics of tillering in sorghum incorporating key genetic and environmental controls. The dynamic of tillering was defined in four key phases—pre-tillering, tiller emergence, cessation of tiller emergence and cessation of tiller growth. Tillering commenced at full expansion of leaf four and thereafter was synchronized with leaf appearance. The potential total number of tillers (TTN) was dependent on a genetic propensity to tiller and an index of assimilate availability dependent on the shoot source–sink balance. Cessation of tiller emergence could occur before TTN depending on extent of competition from neighbours. Subsequent cessation of growth of emerged tillers was related to the extent of internal competition for assimilate among plant organs, resulting in prediction of final fertile tiller number (FTN). The model predicted tillering dynamics well in an experiment with a range in plant density. Plausibility simulations of FTN conducted for diverse field conditions in the Australian sorghum belt reflected expectations. The model is able to predict FTN as an emergent property. Its utility to explore GxMxE crop adaptation landscapes, guide molecular discovery, provide a generic template for other cereals and link to advanced methods for enhancing genetic gain in crops were discussed.
Conditional Political Cycles in Africa: Myth or Reality?
Authors: Strong Christine O 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study tests for the presence of political cycles in Africa. Through an analysis encompassing data from 30 African nations over the period 1980–2020, we ask whether political incumbents in Africa rely on monetary and fiscal policy variables to improve their reelection prospects. In particular, we test for the existence of ‘conditional political cycles’, namely, we show that both government consumption and money growth go up during an election year, even when we account for critical institutional factors such as government attributes and political regimes. Our findings reveal a noticeable upswing in both government consumption and money growth during election years, a trend that holds consistent even after controlling for key institutional variables. Further exploration, however, unveils that this phenomenon is nuanced, particularly in the case of political monetary cycles; in particular, our analysis shows that when an African country is classified as a democracy during an election year, broad money falls. But although robust institutions can curtail the intensity of political monetary cycles, they do not exert a similar effect on fiscal variables. Finally, we test for the presence of ‘political credit cycles’ and find no empirical evidence that African incumbents manipulate credit markets to bolster their electoral outcomes.
Conceptualization Shapes Practice: Apostasy-Based Refugee Claims and International Human Rights Law
Authors: van Schaik Mirjam , Hillary Lynn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Freedom of religion or belief is guaranteed in international human rights law. Incorporating the right to apostasy as a fundamental aspect of religious freedom encounters challenges in different state practices. To study this phenomenon, this article explores the interaction of the conceptualization of the right to apostasy in international human rights law and in the context of apostasy-based refugee claims. The main argument of this article is that ambiguity in international human rights law exists on the concept of ‘apostasy’. This results in human rights protection gaps when states are unwilling to grant their inhabitants the right to apostasy. These gaps in protection are sometimes filled in by refugee law. However, in the specific context of apostasy-based refugee claims, this article identifies an issue with the identification and application of the concept of apostasy—and this conceptual ambiguity may lead to a lack of protection. Indeed, conceptualization shapes practice.
Navigating Asylum, Resettlement, and Integration: Syrian Refugees in France Beyond the Suffering Slot
Authors: Maddox Katherine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This article addresses the way that humanitarian conditioning continues in the lives of refugees after receiving asylum in Europe while also highlighting the perspective of refugees as they experience official and informal processes of integration. The ways the rhetoric of suffering must be invoked at various times throughout the asylum process are well documented. Less attention, however, has been paid to how asylum recipients in Europe continue to navigate these structures. Drawing on over 20 months of ethnographic research in Paris, France, this article explores the way that these resettled Syrian refugees encounter the rhetoric of suffering and other asylum structures in their everyday lives as an ongoing form of humanitarian conditioning. Through a focus on capabilities and aspirations, this article ultimately reveals how resettled refugees navigate this humanitarian conditioning to carve out lives and create new trajectories of integration in the wake of asylum in France.
Retroperitoneal spindle cell tumor: a case report
Authors: Kim Il D , Ahn Eun J , Yoon Jung-won , Choi Anna , Joo Sung H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Spindle cell tumors exhibit a relatively low occurrence rate and can manifest in various locations within the human body, including soft tissues and bones. The process of making a diagnosis is supported by conducting pathological and immunohistochemical tests. A 50-year-old female patient visited the hospital with abdominal pain that lasted about a week. Magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvis showed that this mass was independent and was not a lymph node mass, but a retroperitoneal sarcoma type mass. As part of the treatment, the mass was surgically excised, and a supracervical hysterectomy was carried out. The tumor was wrapped in a grayish-white capsule and showed a lobulating pattern. Retroperitoneal spindle cell tumors, particularly those occurring in abdominal soft tissues, are infrequently observed. Histopathological diagnosis is done in stages, and when cases are ambiguous, immunohistochemistry can provide valuable guidance in the right direction.