bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periodontists and stem cell‐based therapy for alveolar bone regeneration: A national survey
Authors: Kaigler Darnell , Misch Jonathan , Alrmali Abdusalam , Inglehart Marita R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundStem cell‐based therapy for bone regeneration has received attention in medical settings but has not yet been used in clinical practice for treating alveolar bone defects. The objectives of this study were to explore whether periodontists had heard about this approach, and if so how, how interested they were to learn about it, which attitudes and behavioral intentions they had related to using stem cell‐based grafting, and what they would like to know before using this approach.MethodsAnonymous survey data were collected from 481 members of the American Academy of Periodontology (response rate: 19.41%).ResultsResponses showed 35.3% had heard about stem cell‐based therapy, mostly from publications (9.6%) and meetings (8.3%); 76.1% wanted to learn about it through in‐person continuing education (CE) courses, 68.6% in online CE courses, and 57.1% from manuals; 73% considered this approach promising; and 54.9% preferred it to traditional approaches. It was important to them that it would result in more bone volume (93%), better bone quality (90.4%), and accelerated healing (83.2%). Also, 60.1% considered it likely/very likely that they would adopt this approach, 54% that patients would prefer it, and 62.1% that it would benefit their practice. When asked what they would like to know about this approach, information about short‐ and long‐term outcomes, cost, and logistical considerations were most frequently named.ConclusionsThese findings provide the basis to develop educational interventions for periodontists about this novel approach and inform future research activities aimed to translate this approach to clinical practice.
Artificial intelligence in dental education: ChatGPT's performance on the periodontic in‐service examination
Authors: Danesh Arman , Pazouki Hirad , Danesh Farzad , Danesh Arsalan , Vardar‐Sengul Saynur 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundChatGPT's (Chat Generative Pre‐Trained Transformer) remarkable capacity to generate human‐like output makes it an appealing learning tool for healthcare students worldwide. Nevertheless, the chatbot's responses may be subject to inaccuracies, putting forth an intense risk of misinformation. ChatGPT's capabilities should be examined in every corner of healthcare education, including dentistry and its specialties, to understand the potential of misinformation associated with the chatbot's use as a learning tool. Our investigation aims to explore ChatGPT's foundation of knowledge in the field of periodontology by evaluating the chatbot's performance on questions obtained from an in‐service examination administered by the American Academy of Periodontology (AAP).MethodsChatGPT3.5 and ChatGPT4 were evaluated on 311 multiple‐choice questions obtained from the 2023 in‐service examination administered by the AAP. The dataset of in‐service examination questions was accessed through Nova Southeastern University's Department of Periodontology. Our study excluded questions containing an image as ChatGPT does not accept image inputs.ResultsChatGPT3.5 and ChatGPT4 answered 57.9% and 73.6% of in‐service questions correctly on the 2023 Periodontics In‐Service Written Examination, respectively. A two‐tailed t test was incorporated to compare independent sample means, and sample proportions were compared using a two‐tailed χ2 test. A p value below the threshold of 0.05 was deemed statistically significant.ConclusionWhile ChatGPT4 showed a higher proficiency compared to ChatGPT3.5, both chatbot models leave considerable room for misinformation with their responses relating to periodontology. The findings of the study encourage residents to scrutinize the periodontic information generated by ChatGPT to account for the chatbot's current limitations.
Theoretical study on iso‐pentanol oxidation chemistry: Fuel radical isomerization and decomposition kinetics and mechanism development
Authors: Zhou Chao , Duan Yaozong , Huang Zhen , Han Dong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study undertakes a detailed theoretical investigation into the iso‐pentanol radical isomerization and decomposition kinetics and the mechanism development of the iso‐pentanol oxidation. The CCSD(T)/CBS//M08‐HX/6‐311+G(2df,2p) method was adopted to calculate the reaction potential energy surface. The reaction rate coefficients were calculated by variational transition state theory (VTST) with multistructural torsional (MS‐T) partition function and small curvature tunneling (SCT) correction. Moreover, the pressure‐dependent rate coefficients were determined using the system‐specific quantum Rice‐Ramsperger‐Kassel theory (SS‐QRRK). The variational and tunneling effects were discussed, and the dominant reaction channels were identified. It reveals that the isomerization reactions play a significant role at low temperatures, while the decomposition reactions dominate the high‐temperature regime. Notably, the quantitative rate expressions for iso‐pentanol radical decomposition reactions were also obtained. Furthermore, a new kinetic model incorporating the calculated rate coefficients was constructed, exhibiting satisfactory prediction performance on ignition delay times and improved predictive accuracy of species mole fractions. This work provides accurate rate data of isomerization and decomposition kinetics and contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the iso‐pentanol oxidation mechanism.
Pediatric Esophageal Foreign Bodies: The Role of Socioeconomic Status in Ingestion Patterns
Authors: Chen Tanya , M Siu Jennifer , Madan Yasmine , Ma Gar‐Way , Gill Peter J. , Carman Nicholas , Propst Evan J. , Wolter Nikolaus E. 
Published: January 2024

ObjectivePediatric esophageal foreign bodies (EFBs) are common and can result in serious complications. Little is known about the influence of socioeconomic status (SES) on EFB ingestion in children. The goal was to study SES as a risk factor for dangerous foreign body ingestion and in‐hospital complications in children.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of children presenting to a tertiary care pediatric hospital with an esophageal foreign body from 2010 to 2021. SES was assessed for each patient by linking their postal code to the Ontario Marginalization Index to determine a quintile score across four dimensions of deprivation: residential instability, material deprivation, dependency, and ethnic concentration. Dangerous EFBs were defined as magnets, batteries, sharp objects, or bones. In‐hospital complications included: intensive care unit admission, prolonged length of stay, and postoperative sequelae.ResultsA total of 680 patients were included. Dangerous EFB ingestion was higher for children with increased residential instability (odds ratio [OR], 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2–3.6) and increased material deprivation (OR, 2.2; CI, 1.9–2.8), which was similarly true for odds of complications. Odds of dangerous EFB ingestion were higher in older children (OR, 1.1; CI, 1.0–1.1) and odds of complications were higher in children with comorbidities (OR, 1.1; CI, 1.0–1.3).ConclusionHigher levels of housing instability and material deprivation are associated with dangerous EFB ingestion and complications related to EFB ingestion. These findings emphasize the role that SES plays on child health outcomes and the need for initiatives to mitigate these disparities.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 134:2945–2953, 2024
Preparation of PMMA‐Based Temperature/pH Responsive Nanoparticles Encapsulating 5‐Fluorouracil and Methotrexate In Situ by One‐Pot Dispersion Photopolymerization
Authors: Yu Siyuan , Shao Xian , Wu Tong , Liu Zheng , Yu Pei , Xing Jinfeng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn order to achieve long‐term and controllable release of anti‐tumor drugs at specific sites, temperature/pH responsive nanoparticles encapsulating 5‐fluorouracil and methotrexate in situ are prepared through dispersion photopolymerization under green LED irradiation. The physicochemical properties of nanoparticles are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, dynamic light scattering, thermogravimetric/differential scanning calorimetry, and X‐ray diffraction. In vitro drug release at different temperatures and pH values is examined to ascertain the release pattern of two drugs, which can be well described by Korsmeyer–Peppas kinetic model. The cytotoxicity evaluation illustrates that the tumor cells could be more effectively killed by the drug‐loaded nanoparticles, and the improved therapeutic effect is attributed to the controllable and sustainable drug release as well as the enhanced cellular uptake. The blood safety and good biocompatibility of nanoparticles are further confirmed by hemolysis assay, indicating the prepared nanoparticles are potential candidates for effective tumor treatment.
Fly or fall with the wings of live streamers? Quality signaling and platform governance in live streaming commerce
Authors: Yu Ying , Liu Yuan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPlatforms play a regulatory role in governing live streamers. We build an analytical model to study the platform governance and its impacts on the signaling effects of live streamers. Unlike traditional signaling games, we incorporate the interaction between consumers and live streamers, and the signaling costs also relate to platform governance. Results indicate that low marginal costs for governance do not necessarily induce the platform to govern live streamers rigorously, especially when consumers and live streamers lack interaction. Strict governance can help the signaling effects of live streamers.
Exploring data‐driven chemical SMILES tokenization approaches to identify key protein–ligand binding moieties
Authors: Temizer Asu Busra , Uludoğan Gökçe , Özçelik Rıza , Koulani Taha , Ozkirimli Elif , Ulgen Kutlu O. , Karali Nilgun , Özgür Arzucan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMachine learning models have found numerous successful applications in computational drug discovery. A large body of these models represents molecules as sequences since molecular sequences are easily available, simple, and informative. The sequence‐based models often segment molecular sequences into pieces called chemical words, analogous to the words that make up sentences in human languages, and then apply advanced natural language processing techniques for tasks such as de novo drug design, property prediction, and binding affinity prediction. However, the chemical characteristics and significance of these building blocks, chemical words, remain unexplored. To address this gap, we employ data‐driven SMILES tokenization techniques such as Byte Pair Encoding, WordPiece, and Unigram to identify chemical words and compare the resulting vocabularies. To understand the chemical significance of these words, we build a language‐inspired pipeline that treats high affinity ligands of protein targets as documents and selects key chemical words making up those ligands based on tf–idf weighting. The experiments on multiple protein–ligand affinity datasets show that despite differences in words, lengths, and validity among the vocabularies generated by different subword tokenization algorithms, the identified key chemical words exhibit similarity. Further, we conduct case studies on a number of target to analyze the impact of key chemical words on binding. We find that these key chemical words are specific to protein targets and correspond to known pharmacophores and functional groups. Our approach elucidates chemical properties of the words identified by machine learning models and can be used in drug discovery studies to determine significant chemical moieties.
A study to evaluate the exercise prescription through video and brochure in telerehabilitation of patients with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Rana Sunidhi , Verma Bhawna , Singh Roop , Siwach Priyanka 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundTelerehabilitation is an easy and creative approach to rehabilitation treatments for osteoarthritis. In telerehabilitation, there are various modes through which exercises can be explained to the patients. Videos and brochures are commonly used to send patients exercise plans. Videos are easy to understand and can mimic live demonstrations and brochures are easy to create and customise for every patient's need. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of brochure and video methods of exercise prescription through telerehabilitation in terms of exercise acquisition and retention.MethodsThe study design was a randomised clinical trial. A total of 110 knee osteoarthritis patients who agreed to participate in the telerehabilitation programme were recruited for the study. The patients were randomly assigned to a video and brochure group. After the initial consultation through videoconferencing, the prescribed exercises were sent on their phone in the form of video or electronic brochure. The participants were again contacted through video conferencing after 2 days and retention and acquisition tests were recorded.ResultsThe comparison of both groups through ‘t’ test showed no significant difference in exercise retention and acquisition. The mean and SD of exercise acquisition in the brochure group was 26.3455, ±5.7998 and in the video group was 27.2, ±5.47181 and mean and SD of exercise retention in the brochure group was 7.8727, ±2.31784 and in the video group was 7.6, ±1.256. Further analysis revealed that the hamstring stretching exercise was retained better in the video group than in the brochure group (p = 0.031*).ConclusionThe study found no significant difference in exercise acquisition and retention between the video and brochure groups. Hence, an exercise brochure can be equally effective as a video for exercise prescription if the brochure is developed by keeping in mind the principles of readability and the use of proper instructions.
The value of non‐enhanced MRI in the evaluation of patients with suspected idiopathic inflammatory myopathy
Authors: Marth Adrian Alexander , Hosse Clarissa , Yamamura Jin , Went Simone , Al Shinibr Raid , Gebert Pimrapat , Kolck Johannes , Keresztyen Oliver , Krusche Martin , Keller Sarah , Can Elif 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroduction/AimsThe performance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for diagnosing suspected idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) remains controversial. Furthermore, the role of contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE‐MRI) sequences is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of a non‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (NE‐MRI) protocol compared to a CE‐MRI protocol in adult patients with confirmed IIM.MethodsThis study retrospectively enrolled patients with suspected IIM who underwent MRI of the upper thigh between 2008 and 2020. The protocol consisted of a T1‐weighted (T1w) sequence, a turbo inversion recovery magnitude (TIRM) sequence and a contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted sequence (CE‐T1w). After randomly stratifying patients into a group with only the T1w and TIRM sequences available and another group with additional availability of CE‐T1w, three blinded readers assessed the presence of IIM based on characteristic imaging features. Confirmation of the diagnosis was determined based on the 2017 ACR/EULAR criteria.ResultsOf the 80 patients (mean age 49.0 ± 21.1 years; 42 female, 38 male) included, 54 (67.5%) had a positive diagnosis of IIM. Cumulated sensitivity and specificity for MRI to detect IIM was 87.1% and 83.3% in the NE‐MRI group versus 87.0% and 63.0% in the CE‐MRI group. The group differences for sensitivity and specificity were non‐significant for each of the three readers, respectively (p ≥ .081).DiscussionNE‐MRI detects suspected IIM with high diagnostic accuracy and performs equivalently to CE‐MRI. Therefore, it may be appropriate to omit the use of contrast agents in MRI scans performed for suspected IIM.
Strain localization in the standard triaxial tests of granular materials: Insights into meso‐ and macro‐scale behaviours
Authors: Phan Quoc T. , Bui Ha H. , Nguyen Giang D. , Nicot François 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe standard triaxial tests cease to be valid as material tests since the homogeneity of the granular mass is lost when localized failures such as shear bands occur requiring a different approach to interpreting and analyzing material responses at the meso scale from the macro behaviour. This study sheds light on the above issue by analyzing the standard triaxial tests of the granular specimens undergoing localized failure at different scales using DEM. For the first time, the behaviour of material inside and outside of the shear band as well as the entire sample are quantitatively quantified through DEM simulations. The results enable confirmation of various theoretical hypotheses and experimental observations on the localized failure in granular materials. For example, by quantifying the inter‐particle contact forces of materials inside and outside the shear band zone, it is confirmed that the material outside the localization band undergoes inelastic unloading beyond the bifurcation point, while those inside the localization band experience inelastic shearing to reach the critical state. Moreover, the analysis in this study suggests that if the volume of the localization zone can be precisely measured from the experiment, the mesoscale constitutive responses that truly represent the inelastic behaviour can be quantified. This gives rise to a more appropriate method to obtain inelastic constitutive responses of granular materials from specimens undergoing localized failure in triaxial tests.
Deep learning‐accelerated multiscale approach for granular material modeling
Authors: Guan Qingzheng , Yang Zhongxuan , Guo Ning , Chen Lifan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe hierarchical finite element method (FEM)–discrete element method (DEM) multiscale approach is a powerful tool for solving geotechnical boundary value problems. However, despite parallel computing can be resorted to, the high computational cost remains an insurmountable barrier to its practical application in engineering‐scale problems. As an alternative, a deep learning model (DLM) is employed to replace the representative volume element (RVE) in the DEM. The complex constitutive responses of sand under various loading paths can be reproduced by leveraging the powerful learning capacity of the DLM. During the numerical computations, the DLM is integrated into the Gauss integration points of the FEM mesh, where it receives strains as input and returns the prediction of stresses to advance the calculation. The applicability and accuracy of the approach were examined with three BVPs, in which the sources of error for both global and local performances were systematically analyzed. The feasibility of the approach in accounting for the inherent anisotropy of sand was also investigated. The results demonstrated that the incorporation of the DLM can achieve a significant computational acceleration of up to two orders of magnitude while maintaining a high degree of accuracy.
Bladder outflow obstruction in women: Clinical and basic evaluation
Authors: El‐Tholoth Hossam S. , Alsulihem Ali 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimFemale bladder outflow obstruction is an underdiagnosed and undermanaged condition. This review article aims to illustrate the basic and clinical evaluation of patients who might have this condition.ReviewClinical evaluation includes clinical history, examination, and basic investigations, including uroflowmetry and postvoid residual, urinalysis and culture, renal function assessment, ultrasound of kidneys and bladder, voiding cystourethrography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Based on the initial evaluation, if the concern of obstruction is high, the clinician might undergo further advanced evaluation.ConclusionBasic evaluation is the initial step in the diagnosis of female bladder outflow obstruction, the clinician need to have a high index of suspicion and often further advanced evaluation is needed to confirm the diagnosis.
Interaction of N2, O2 and H2 Molecules with Superalkalis
Authors: Srivastava Harshita , Kumar Srivastava Ambrish , Misra Neeraj 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSuperalkalis (SAs) are exotic clusters having lower ionization energy than alkali atoms, which makes them strong reducing agents. In the quest for the reduction of diatomic molecules (X2) such as N2, O2, and H2 using Møller‐Plesset perturbation theory (MP2), we have studied their interaction with typical superalkalis such as FLi2, OLi3, and NLi4 and calculated various parameters of the resulting SA−X2 complexes. We noticed that the SA−O2 complex and its isomers possess strong ionic interaction, which leads to the reduction of O2 to O2− anion. On the contrary, there are both ionic and covalent interactions in SA−N2 complexes such that the lowest energy isomers are covalently bonded with no charge transfer from SA. Further, the interaction between SA and H2 leads to weakly bound complexes, which results in the adsorption of H2 molecules. The nature of interaction is found to be closely related to the electron affinity of diatomic molecules. These findings might be useful in the study of the activation, reduction, and adsorption of small molecules, which can be further explored for their possible applications.
Can extending time between vital sign checks improve sleep in hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients? Testing feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy
Authors: Daniel Lauren C. , Venella Kimberly L. , Woodard Kelsey , Poliakova Polina , Gross J. Yael , Bercovitz Iris N. , Moore Dirk , Barakat Lamia P. , Freedman Jason L. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundPatients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) experience barriers to quality sleep. Frequent vital sign checks are necessary early posttransplant given risk of complications but can disrupt sleep. This study tested feasibility and acceptability of extending time between checking vitals (EVs) from every 4 to every 6 h to improve sleep.ProcedureHSCT patients ages 8–21 years (N = 50, mean age = 14.06, SD = 3.58) and their caregivers were enrolled 1–2 days prior to transplant, and 40 patients completed the 15‐day study (NCT04106089). Patients wore an actigraph to estimate sleep and provided self‐ and caregiver‐report of sleep. Sleep was observed for nights 0 to +4 posttransplant, and patients were then randomized to EVs either Days +5 to +9 or +10 to +14. Patients were assessed daily for medical eligibility to receive EVs; on days patients were eligible, nightshift nurses (N = 79) reported EV acceptability.ResultsOf 200 potential nights for EVs (5 nights x 40 patients), patients were eligible for EVs on 126 nights (63% of eligible nights), and patients received EVs on 116 (92%) of eligible nights. Most patients received EVs ≥3 nights (n = 26, 65%, median = 3 nights). Most patients (85%), caregivers (80%), and nurses (84%) reported that patients used the additional 2 h during EVs for sleep, with reporters indicating moderate to high acceptability. There was preliminary evidence of efficacy indicated by caregiver‐reported sleep disturbance and actigraphy‐estimated improvements in sleep efficiency during EVs.ConclusionExtending time between vitals checks is highly acceptable to patients, caregivers, and nurses, and may offer a feasible approach to improve sleep in pediatric HSCT.