bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancement mechanism of glycation with l‐arabinose and xylose on texture properties of silver carp mince gel
Authors: Liu Junya , Zhu Xueshen , Shi Wenzheng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDGlycation is a green processing technology. Based on our previous studies, glycation with l‐arabinose and xylose was beneficial to enhance the texture properties of silver carp mince (SCM) gels. However, the possible enhancement mechanism remained unclear. Therefore, in this study, SCM gels with different types of reducing sugar (glucose, l‐arabinose, and xylose) were prepared based on our previous study. The possible mechanism of texture enhancement of SCM gels was analyzed by investigating the changes in water distribution, protein structures, and microstructure in the gel system.RESULTSThe glycation of l‐arabinose and xylose enhanced the hardness, cohesiveness, chewiness, and resilience of SCM gels. Hardness increased from 1883.04 (control group) to 3624.54 (l‐arabinose group) and 4348.18 (xylose group). Low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF‐NMR) showed that glycation promoted the tight binding of immobilized water to proteins. Raman spectroscopic analysis showed that glycation increased the surface hydrophobicity and promoted the formation of disulfide bonds. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that glycation promoted the formation of uniform and dense three‐dimensional network structure in SCM gels.CONCLUSIONIn summary, glycation enhanced the binding ability of immobilized water to proteins, improved the surface hydrophobicity, promoted the formation of disulfide bonds, and led to a more uniform and dense gel network structure of proteins, thus enhancing the texture properties of SCM gels. This research provided a theoretical basis for a better understanding of the mechanism of the effect of glycation on the quality of gel products and also provided technical support for the application of l‐arabinose and xylose in new functional gel foods. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Studies on the degradation pattern of wheat malt endo‐1,4‐β‐xylanase on wheat‐derived arabinoxylans
Authors: Fan Jingxiao , Jin Yuhong , Liu Junhan , Fei Ximing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDWheat malt endo‐1,4‐β‐xylanase is a key enzyme for arabinoxylan degradation, but its wheat‐derived arabinoxylan degradation pattern is unclear.RESULTSWater‐extractable arabinoxylan (WEAX) of 300–750 kDa and 30–100 kDa were the two components with the highest degradation efficiency of wheat malt endo‐1,4‐β‐xylanase, followed by > 1000 kDa WEAX, but 100–300 kDa WEAX showed the lowest degradation efficiency. The main enzymatic products were the 5–30 kDa WEAX, which accounted for 57.57%, 68.15%, and 52.28% of WAXH, WAXM, and WAXL products, respectively. The enzymatic efficiency of wheat malt endo‐1,4‐β‐xylanase was relatively high, and the continuity of enzymatic efficiency was good, especially since the enzymatic reaction was the most intense in 1–3 h. WEAX of > 300 kDa was highly significant and positively correlated with viscosity. In comparison, WEAX of < 30 kDa was highly significant and negatively correlated with viscosity. As the enzymatic degradation proceeded, there were fewer and fewer macromolecular components but more and more small molecule components, and the system viscosity became smaller and smaller.CONCLUSIONIn this study, it was found that wheat malt endo‐1,4‐β‐xylanase degraded preferentially 300–750 kDa and 30–100 kDa WEAX, not in the order of substrate size in a sequential enzymatic degradation. Wheat malt endo‐1,4‐β‐xylanase was most efficient within 3 h, primarily generating < 30 kDa WEAX ultimately. The main products were highly significantly negatively correlated with the system viscosity, so that the system viscosity gradually decreased as the enzymatic hydrolysis proceeded. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Embracing nutritional, physical, pasting, textural, sensory and phenolic profile of functional muffins prepared by partial incorporation of lyophilized wheatgrass, fenugreek and basil microgreens juice powder
Authors: Kumar Arun , Singh Narpinder 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDMuffins are delightful baked food products that have earned a prominent place in the daily diet of a majority of people around the world. The incorporation of microgreens juice powder (MJP) into muffins boosts their nutritional value. The influence of the incorporation of wheatgrass, fenugreek and basil MJP at 1.5% and 3.0% levels on the nutritional composition, physical properties, pasting, sensory, textural and phenolic profile of functional muffins was evaluated.RESULTSThe results indicated a significant increase in the protein content, ash content, dietary fiber and total phenolic content of MJP incorporated muffins. The incorporation of MJP to the muffins led to a gradual reduction in the L*, a* and b* values. Baking characteristic such as bake loss decreased significantly as a result of MJP incorporation. Furthermore, the incorporation of various MJPs resulted in a significant decrease in the peak viscosity of the flour‐MJP blends. Regarding texture, the hardness and chewiness of the muffins increased progressively with an increase in the level of MJP incorporation. The highest hardness (10.15 N) and chewiness (24.45 mJ) were noted for 3% fenugreek MJP incorporated muffins (FK 3.0). The sensory score of MJP incorporated muffins was acceptable and satisfactory. Additionally, 3% basil MJP incorporated muffins (BL 3.0) marked the dominant presence of majority of the detected phenolic acids such as ferulic acid, sinapic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin, cinnamic acid, isothymosin and rosamarinic acid. The highest concentration of p‐coumaric acid (11.95 mg kg−1), vanillic acid (26.07 mg kg−1) and kaempferol (8.04 mg kg−1) was recorded for FK 3.0 muffin.CONCLUSIONMJP incorporated muffins revealed the pool of phenolic acids and the reduced bake loss is of industrial interest. The present study concludes that wheatgrass, fenugreek and basil MJP can be incorporated by up to 3% into baked products as a source of functional ingredients for health benefits. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Challenges and potential for detecting and quantifying titanium dioxide in food
Authors: Djekic Ilija , Lević Steva , Smigic Nada , Bouleau Arthur , Ilijević Konstantin , Roganović Jovana , Rakic Vesna 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDTitanium dioxide (TiO2) is banned in some countries but its use is still permitted in others. The global food supply chain is therefore challenged with the need to use rapid and reliable testing methods to either detect the presence of TiO2 or to quantify its concentration. The goal of this study was to determine the feasibility of using color, texture profile analysis, Raman microscopy, and X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy to detect and quantify TiO2 in fillings used in the pastry and confectionery industry. In this study, two types of fillings were investigated: vanilla based and chocolate based. All fillings were prepared in four different variations – without TiO2 and with three concentrations as follows: 0.25 g*kg‐1, 0.5 g*kg‐1, or 0.75 g*kg‐1 TiO2 per sample. The methods were selected for their ability to analyze the samples in a short period of time.RESULTSAll of the methods showed moderate to high potential for detecting TiO2 in the samples. The results reveal how TiO2 affects the food matrix color and texture. Use of Raman microscopy confirms its detectability, although concentrations of TiO2 do not follow a pattern. X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy showed the greatest potential as it can not only detect TiO2 but can also quantify its concentration in the samples.CONCLUSIONSThe highest potential for quantifying the concentration of this food additive was achieved with XRF. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Presentation, Management, and Outcomes of Pathologic Scars Within a Pediatric Otolaryngology Practice
Authors: Zaccardelli Alessandra , Harb Jennifer L. , Papathanasiou Evangelos , Scott Andrew R. 
Published: February 2024

ObjectivesThis study aims to review the spectrum of scarring that may present to an urban, pediatric otolaryngology practice and determine if associations exist between race, scar location, treatment modality, and outcomes following interventions for scarring.MethodsRetrospective cohort study among 115 pediatric patients with 138 unique keloids or hypertrophic scars (HTS), and 141 children presenting for tonsillectomy at Tufts Medical Center. Age at presentation and sex assigned at birth were collected for both populations. For those presenting for pathologic scars, income quintile, self‐identified race/ethnicity, anatomical location, treatment number and type, and clinical outcome were also analyzed. Multivariate analyses calculated adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals to assess associations between scar subsite, intervention type, and persistence after treatment.ResultsCompared to individuals presenting for tonsillectomy, a disproportionate percentage of patients presenting for scarring identified as Black (26.6% vs. 13.5%) or Asian (17.4% vs. 7.1%, p = 0.016) or were male (61.7% vs. 49.7%, p = 0.053). Individuals identifying as Black or Asian were more likely to present with ear lobe and neck scars, respectively (50.0% vs. 45.5%, p = <0.001). Ear scars were significantly more likely to receive excision at initial treatment (aOR = 5.86 [1.43–23.96]) compared to other subsites, and were more likely to require >1 treatment (aOR = 5.91 [1.53–22.75]).ConclusionAmong pediatric patients presenting with keloids or HTS, children who identified as Black or Asian were more likely to present with ear and neck scars, respectively. Ear scars were frequently treated with excision and appear more likely to require adjuvant treatments and multiple interventions.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 134:3127–3135, 2024
Impact of Early Research Productivity on Future Academic Output Among Head and Neck Fellows
Authors: Samaha Nadia L. , Gwynne Kaelyn , Habib Andy M. , Randolph Jackson , Walsh Amanda R. , Boyd David A. , Maxwell Jessica H. 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveTo examine the impact of pre‐fellowship publications on future research productivity and career placement among head and neck (H&N) surgery fellowship graduates.MethodsH&N surgery fellowship graduates between 2014 and 2022 were identified from publicly available data. Timing of fellowship graduation, number of publications during each stage of education and training, and number of first authorship publications were analyzed for association with scholarly productivity and academic career placement.ResultsIn our analysis of 409 H&N fellowship graduates, there was a strong positive correlation between the year of fellowship graduation and the average number of publications in residency (R2 = 0.82) and fellowship (R2 = 0.79). Graduates producing more than the average of 2.37 publications prior to residency had a significantly higher average number of publications during residency and fellowship compared to those who published below average (p < 0.001). A higher number of publications prior to and during residency were both independently associated with a higher likelihood of academic career placement (p = 0.015 and p = 0.002, respectively). More first‐author publications prior to residency were associated with a higher number of publications during residency and fellowship (p = 0.015). In sub‐analyses, gender did not impact the average number of publications during residency and fellowship. Similarly, the COVID‐19 pandemic did not significantly impact the average number of publications during the fellowship when comparing the classes of 2020–2022 to 2017–2019.ConclusionResearch productivity among H&N fellowship graduates has increased in recent years. Research productivity in medical school and residency is associated with scholarly output in later stages of training and academic career placement.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 134:3165–3169, 2024
Water aging and the quality of organic carbon sources drive niche partitioning of the active bathypelagic prokaryotic microbiome
Authors: Sebastián Marta , Sánchez Pablo , Salazar Guillem , Álvarez‐Salgado Xosé A. , Reche Isabel , Morán Xosé Anxelu G. , Sala Maria Montserrat , Duarte Carlos M. , Acinas Silvia G. , Gasol Josep M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDue to the scarcity of organic matter (OM) sources in the bathypelagic (1000–4000 m depth), prokaryotic metabolism is believed to be concentrated on particles originating from the surface. However, the structure of active bathypelagic prokaryotic communities and how it changes across environmental gradients remains unexplored. Using a combination of 16S rRNA gene and transcripts sequencing, metagenomics, and substrate uptake potential measurements, here we aimed to explore how water masses aging and the quality of OM influence the structure of the active microbiome, and the potential implications for community function. We found that the relative contribution of taxa with a free‐living lifestyle to the active microbiome increased in older water masses that were enriched in recalcitrant OM, suggesting that these prokaryotes may also play a substantial role in the bathypelagic metabolism of vast areas of the ocean. In comparison to particle‐associated prokaryotes, free‐living prokaryotes exhibited lower potential metabolic rates, and harbored a limited number of two‐component sensory systems, suggesting they have less ability to sense and respond to environmental cues. In contrast, particle‐associated prokaryotes carried genes for particle colonization and carbohydrate utilization that were absent in prokaryotes with a free‐living lifestyle. Consistently, we observed that prokaryotic communities inhabiting older waters displayed reduced abilities to colonize particles, and higher capabilities to use complex carbon sources, compared to communities in waters with a higher proportion of labile OM. Our results provide evidence of regionalization of the bathypelagic active prokaryotic microbiome, unveiling a niche partitioning based on the quality of OM.
Associations of Lifestyle Patterns with Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Finnish Adults at Increased Risk of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Manninen Suvi , Tilles‐Tirkkonen Tanja , Aittola Kirsikka , Männikkö Reija , Karhunen Leila , Kolehmainen Marjukka , Schwab Ursula , Lindström Jaana , Lakka Timo , Pihlajamäki Jussi ,   the Stop Diabetes study group
Published: February 2024

ScopeVarious lifestyle and sociodemographic factors have been associated with risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, their combined associations with T2D risk factors have been studied much less.Materials and resultsThis study investigates cross‐sectional associations of lifestyle patterns with T2D risk factors among 2925 adults at increased risk participating in the Stop Diabetes study. Lifestyle patterns are determined using principal component analysis (PCA) with several lifestyle and sociodemographic factors. The associations of lifestyle patterns with measures of glucose and lipid metabolism and serum metabolites analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy are studied using linear regression analysis. “Healthy eating” pattern is associated with better glucose and insulin metabolism, more favorable lipoprotein and fatty acid profiles and lower serum concentrations of metabolites related to inflammation, insulin resistance, and T2D. “High socioeconomic status and low physical activity” pattern is associated with increased serum concentrations of branched‐chain amino acids, as are “Meat and poultry” and “Sleeping hours” patterns. “Snacks” pattern is associated with lower serum concentrations of ketone bodies.ConclusionsOur results show, in large scale primary care setting, that healthy eating is associated with better glucose and lipid metabolism and reveal novel associations of lifestyle patterns with metabolites related to glucose metabolism.
Clinical reference dosimetry for the 0.5 T inline rotating biplanar Linac‐MR
Authors: Yip Eugene , Tari Shima Y , Reynolds Michael W , Sinn David , Murray Brad R , Fallone B Gino , Oliver Patricia AK 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe world's first clinical 0.5 T inline rotating biplanar Linac‐MR system is commissioned for clinical use. For reference dosimetry, unique features to device, including an SAD = 120 cm, bore clearance of 60 cm × 110 cm, as well as 0.5 T inline magnetic field, provide some challenges to applying a standard dosimetry protocol (i.e., TG‐51).PurposeIn this work, we propose a simple and practical clinical reference dosimetry protocol for the 0.5T biplanar Linac‐MR and validated its results.MethodsOur dosimetry protocol for this system is as follows: tissue phantom ratios at 20 and 10 cm are first measured and converted into %dd10x beam quality specifier using equations provided and Kalach and Rogers. The converted %dd10x is used to determine the ion chamber correction factor, using the equations in the TG‐51 addendum for the Exradin A12 farmer chamber used, which is cross‐calibrated with one calibrated at a standards laboratory. For a 0.5 T parallel field, magnetic field effect on chamber response is assumed to have no effect and is not explicitly corrected for. Once the ion chamber correction factor for a non‐standard SAD (kQ,msr) is determined, TG‐51 is performed to obtain dose at a depth of 10 cm at SAD = 120 cm. The dosimetry protocol is repeated with the magnetic field ramped down.To validate our dosimetry protocol, Monte Carlo (EGSnrc) simulations are performed to confirm the determined kQ,msr values. MC Simulations and magnetic Field On versus Field Off measurements are performed to confirm that the magnetic field has no effect. To validate our overall dosimetry protocol, external dose audits, based on optical simulated luminescent dosimeters, thermal luminescent dosimeters, and alanine dosimeters are performed on the 0.5 T Linac‐MR system.ResultsOur EGSnrc results confirm our protocol‐determined kQ,msr values, as well as our assumptions about magnetic field effects (kB = 1) within statistical uncertainty for the A‐12 chamber. Our external dosimetry procedures also validated our overall dosimetry protocol for the 0.5 T biplanar Linac‐MR hybrid. Ramping down the magnetic field has resulted in a dosimetric difference of 0.1%, well within experimental uncertainty.ConclusionWith the 0.5 T parallel magnetic field having minimal effect on the ion chamber response, a TPR20,10 approach to determine beam quality provides an accurate method to perform clinical dosimetry for the 0.5 T biplanar Linac‐MR.
Investigating apparent differences between standard DKI and axisymmetric DKI and its consequences for biophysical parameter estimates
Authors: Oeschger Jan Malte , Tabelow Karsten , Mohammadi Siawoosh 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of the study is to identify differences between axisymmetric diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) and standard DKI, their consequences for biophysical parameter estimates, and the protocol choice influence on parameter estimation.MethodsNoise‐free and noisy, synthetic diffusion MRI human brain data is simulated using standard DKI for a standard and the fast “199” acquisition protocol. First the noise‐free “baseline” difference between both DKI models is estimated and the influence of fiber complexity is investigated. Noisy data is used to establish the signal‐to‐noise ratio at which the baseline difference exceeds noise variability. The influence of protocol choices and denoising is investigated. The five axisymmetric DKI tensor metrics (AxTM), the parallel and perpendicular diffusivity and kurtosis and mean of the kurtosis tensor are used to compare both DKI models. Additionally, the baseline difference is also estimated for the five parameters of the WMTI‐Watson model.ResultsThe parallel and perpendicular kurtosis and all of the WMTI–Watson parameters had large baseline differences. Using a Westin or FA mask reduced the number of voxels with large baseline difference, that is, by selecting voxels with less complex fibers. For the noisy data, precision was worsened by the fast “199” protocol but adaptive denoising can help counteract these effects.ConclusionFor the diffusivities and mean of the kurtosis tensor, axisymmetric DKI with a standard protocol delivers similar results as standard DKI. Fiber complexity is one main driver of the baseline differences. Using the “199” protocol worsens precision in noisy data but adaptive denoising mitigates these effects.
Effect of inhaled oxygen level on dynamic glucose‐enhanced MRI in mouse brain
Authors: Huang Jianpan , Chen Zilin , van Zijl Peter C. M. , Hin Law Lok , Pemmasani Prabakaran Rohith Saai , Park Se Weon , Xu Jiadi , Chan Kannie W. Y. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the effect of inhaled oxygen level on dynamic glucose enhanced (DGE) MRI in mouse brain tissue and CSF at 3 T.MethodsDGE data of brain tissue and CSF from mice under normoxia or hyperoxia were acquired in independent and interleaved experiments using on‐resonance variable delay multi‐pulse (onVDMP) MRI. A bolus of 0.15 mL filtered 50% D‐glucose was injected through the tail vein over 1 min during DGE acquisition. MRS was acquired before and after DGE experiments to confirm the presence of D‐glucose.ResultsA significantly higher DGE effect under normoxia than under hyperoxia was observed in brain tissue (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0002 for independent and interleaved experiments, respectively), but not in CSF (p > 0.3). This difference is attributed to the increased baseline MR tissue signal under hyperoxia induced by a shortened T1 and an increased BOLD effect. When switching from hyperoxia to normoxia without glucose injection, a signal change of ˜3.0% was found in brain tissue and a signal change of ˜1.5% was found in CSF.ConclusionsDGE signal was significantly lower under hyperoxia than that under normoxia in brain tissue, but not in CSF. The reason is that DGE effect size of brain tissue is affected by the baseline signal, which could be influenced by T1 change and BOLD effect. Therefore, DGE experiments in which the oxygenation level is changed from baseline need to be interpreted carefully.
Dynamic field mapping and distortion correction using single‐shot blip‐rewound EPI and joint multi‐echo reconstruction
Authors: Wu Wenchuan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurposeTo develop a method for dynamic mapping and distortion correction.MethodsA blip‐rewound EPI trajectory was developed to acquire multiple 2D EPI images in a single readout with an interleaved order, which allows a short TE difference. A joint multi‐echo reconstruction was utilized to exploit the shared information between EPI images. The reconstructed images from each readout are combined to produce a final magnitude image. A map is calculated from the phase of these images for distortion correction. The efficacy of the proposed method is assessed with phantom and in vivo experiments. The performance of the proposed method in the presence of subject motion is also investigated.ResultsCompared to conventional multi‐echo EPI, the proposed method allows dynamic mapping at matched resolution with a much shorter TR. Phantom and in vivo results show that the proposed method can provide a comparable magnitude image as conventional single‐shot EPI. The maps calculated from the proposed method are consistent with conventional multi‐echo EPI in the phantom experiment. For in vivo experiments, the proposed method provides a more accurate estimation of than conventional multi‐echo EPI, which is prone to phase wrapping problems due to the long TE difference. In‐vivo scan with subject motion shows the proposed dynamic field mapping method can improve the temporal stability of EPI time series compared to gradient echo (GRE) based static field mapping.ConclusionThe proposed method allows accurate dynamic mapping for robust distortion correction without compromising spatial or temporal resolution.