bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medical advice lines offering on-demand access to providers reduced emergency department visits
Authors: Tran Linda Diem , Rose Liam , Suzuki Ken , Urech Tracy , Vashi Anita 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Instant access to clinicians through virtual care is designed to allow patients to receive care they need while avoiding high-cost visits in acute-care settings. This study investigates the effect of offering patients the option to instantly connect with emergency care providers instead of being referred to the emergency department (ED) following calls to a medical advice line. We used a staggered rollout design to assess the effects of implementing this program on key outcomes among Veterans Affairs enrollees. Analyzing over 1 million calls from 2019 to 2022, we found that access to a provider reduced the proportion of patients who subsequently visited the ED compared with those with access to the standard medical advice line (38% vs 36%). There was no significant difference observed in subsequent inpatient admissions or 30-day mortality. We found that a majority of callers (65%) achieved issue resolution or were directed to lower acuity settings for further evaluation. Although substantial direct cost savings were not evident, our findings demonstrate that on-demand access to a virtual provider can effectively decrease ED visits.
German Captors, Jewish POWs: Segregation of American and British Jewish POWs in German Captivity in the Second World War
Authors: Linenberg Yorai 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The radicalization of Germany’s antisemitic policies that eventually led to the murder of six million Jews, went on in parallel to the radicalization of its POW policies. And yet, while Soviet Jewish POWs were murdered, and French, Polish, and Yugoslavian Jewish POWs were mostly segregated from their non-Jewish comrades, American and British Jewish POWs were rarely segregated in POW camps. This article suggests that a combination of different reasons during different stages of the war—such as the German fear of reprisals, protests of POWs against the segregations, and self-preservation of the German POW chain of command—helped make American and British Jewish POWs the most protected Jews in Nazi Europe.
Identification of Josef Mengele’s Noma Experiment Victims
Authors: Shalvey Aisling 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This research note analyzes Josef Mengele’s experiment on sixty-three victims in Auschwitz suffering from noma, a rare and often fatal disease that results in the erosion of oral facial tissue. The author examines Mengele’s noma experiment, the treatments imposed on the victims, and the retention of specimens from the Nazi era. Through a comprehensive chart, the author includes biographical information on all known victims of the experiment.
Climate adaptation depends on rebalancing flexibility and rigidity in US fisheries management
Authors: Golden Abigail S , Baskett Marissa L , Holland Dan , Levine Arielle , Mills Kathy , Essington Timothy 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Fisheries face unprecedented environmental change. An important aspect of resilience to this change is the adaptive capacity of managers and stakeholders to respond to new conditions. A growing academic literature has demonstrated the value of fostering this adaptive capacity and highlighted key elements of fisheries social-ecological systems that can promote it. However, it is unclear to what extent these abstract academic ideas around adaptive capacity are relevant and valuable to on-the-ground resource managers, and if so, whether there are aspects of the literature that particularly resonate with their needs. Here, we compare academic concepts of adaptive capacity to the ways that management practitioners conceptualize and implement these ideas in practice, elicited through interviews with key professionals in United States federal fishery management bodies. Practitioners overwhelmingly cited flexibility to respond to change as the most consistently important element of adaptive capacity. Yet, they also detailed how the U.S. fishery management system routinely limits and constrains the flexibility of managers and stakeholders. Seeking out opportunities that enhance flexibility without jeopardizing other key aspects of adaptive capacity could increase management’s adaptive capacity to global change in the USA and elsewhere.
Model-informed classification of broadband acoustic backscatter from zooplankton in an in situ mesocosm
Authors: Dunn Muriel , McGowan-Yallop Chelsey , Pedersen Geir , Falk-Petersen Stig , Daase Malin , Last Kim , Langbehn Tom J , Fielding Sophie , Brierley Andrew S , Cottier Finlo , Basedow Sünnje L , Camus Lionel , Geoffroy Maxime 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Classification of zooplankton to species with broadband echosounder data could increase the taxonomic resolution of acoustic surveys and reduce the dependence on net and trawl samples for ‘ground truthing’. Supervised classification with broadband echosounder data is limited by the acquisition of validated data required to train machine learning algorithms (‘classifiers’). We tested the hypothesis that acoustic scattering models could be used to train classifiers for remote classification of zooplankton. Three classifiers were trained with data from scattering models of four Arctic zooplankton groups (copepods, euphausiids, chaetognaths, and hydrozoans). We evaluated classifier predictions against observations of a mixed zooplankton community in a submerged purpose-built mesocosm (12 m3) insonified with broadband transmissions (185–255 kHz). The mesocosm was deployed from a wharf in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, during the Arctic polar night in January 2022. We detected 7722 tracked single targets, which were used to evaluate the classifier predictions of measured zooplankton targets. The classifiers could differentiate copepods from the other groups reasonably well, but they could not differentiate euphausiids, chaetognaths, and hydrozoans reliably due to the similarities in their modelled target spectra. We recommend that model-informed classification of zooplankton from broadband acoustic signals be used with caution until a better understanding of in situ target spectra variability is gained.
Finite Multiplicities Beyond Spherical Spaces
Authors: Aizenbud Avraham , Gourevitch Dmitry 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Let $G$ be a real reductive algebraic group, and let $H\subset G$ be an algebraic subgroup. It is known that the action of $G$ on the space of functions on $G/H$ is “tame” if this space is spherical. In particular, the multiplicities of the space ${\mathcal {S}}(G/H)$ of Schwartz functions on $G/H$ are finite in this case. In this paper, we formulate and analyze a generalization of sphericity that implies finite multiplicities in ${\mathcal {S}}(G/H)$ for small enough irreducible representations of $G$.
Prevalence and determinants of defensive medicine among physicians: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zheng Junyao , Lu Yongbo , Li Wenjie , Zhu Bin , Yang Fan , Shen Jie 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Defensive medicine, characterized by physicians’ inclination toward excessive diagnostic tests and procedures, has emerged as a significant concern in modern healthcare due to its high prevalence and detrimental effects. Despite the growing concerns among healthcare providers, policymakers, and physicians, comprehensive synthesis of the literature on the prevalence and determinants of defensive medicine among physicians has yet been reported. A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify eligible studies published between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2022, utilizing six databases (i.e. Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library). A meta-analysis was conducted to determine the prevalence and determinants of defensive medicine. Of the 8892 identified articles, 64 eligible studies involving 35.9 thousand physicians across 23 countries were included. The overall pooled prevalence of defense medications was 75.8%. Physicians engaged in both assurance and avoidance behaviors, with the most prevalent subitems being increasing follow-up and avoidance of high-complication treatment protocols. The prevalence of defensive medicine was higher in the African region [88.1%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 80.4%–95.8%] and lower-middle-income countries (89.0%; 95% CI: 78.2%–99.8%). Among the medical specialties, anesthesiologists (92.2%; 95% CI: 89.2%–95.3%) exhibited the highest prevalence. Further, the pooled odds ratios (ORs) of the nine factors at the individual, relational, and organizational levels were calculated, and the influence of previous experience in medical-legal litigation (OR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.13–2.18) should be considered. The results of this study indicate a high global prevalence of defensive medicine among physicians, underscoring the necessity of implementing targeted interventions to reduce its use, especially in certain regions and specialties. Policymakers should implement measures to improve physicians’ medical skills, enhance physician–patient communication, address physicians’ medical-legal litigation fears, and reform the medical liability system. Future research should focus on devising and assessing interventions to reduce the use of defensive medicine and to improve the quality of patient care.
Large-Scale Scientific Study Led by a Professional Organization during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Operations, Best Practices, and Lessons Learned
Authors: Ondracek Caitlin R , Melanson Stacy E F , Doan Loretta , Schulz Karen M , Kleinman Stefanie , Zhao Zhen , Kumanovics Attila , Wu Alan H B , Wiencek Joesph , Meng Qing H , Apple Fred S , Koch David , Vesper Hubert , Pokuah Fidelia , Bryksin Janetta , Myers Gary L , Christenson Robert H , Zhang Y Victoria 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In 2021, the Association for Diagnostics & Laboratory Medicine (ADLM) (formerly the American Association for Clinical Chemistry [AACC]) developed a scientific study that aimed to contribute to the understanding of SARS-CoV-2 immunity during the evolving course of the pandemic. This study was led by a group of expert member volunteers and resulted in survey data from 975 individuals and blood collection from 698 of those participants. This paper describes the formulation and execution of this large-scale scientific study, encompassing best practices and insights gained throughout the endeavor.
A volatilized pyrethroid insecticide from a mosquito repelling device does not impact honey bee foraging and recruitment
Authors: Couvillon Margaret J , Ohlinger Bradley D , Bizon Connor , Johnson Lindsay E , McHenry Laura C , McMillan Benjamin E , Schürch Roger 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Because nontarget, beneficials, like insect pollinators, may be exposed unintentionally to insecticides, it is important to evaluate the impact of chemical controls on the behaviors performed by insect pollinators in field trials. Here we examine the impact of a portable mosquito repeller, which emits prallethrin, a pyrethroid insecticide, on honey bee foraging and recruitment using a blinded, randomized, paired, parallel group trial. We found no significant effect of the volatilized insecticide on foraging frequency (our primary outcome), waggle dance propensity, waggle dance frequency, and feeder persistency (our secondary outcomes), even though an additional deposition study confirmed that the treatment device was performing appropriately. These results may be useful to consumers that are interested in repelling mosquitos, but also concerned about potential consequences to beneficial insects, such as honey bees.
Oxalic acid application method and treatment intervals for reduction of Varroa destructor (Mesostigmata: Varroidae) populations in Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies
Authors: Prouty Cody , Abou-Shaara Hossam F , Stanford Branden , Ellis James D , Jack Cameron 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Oxalic acid (OA) is a popular miticide used to control Varroa destructor (Mesostigmata: Varroidae) in western honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies. Our aim was to investigate which method of OA application (dribbling, fogging, or vaporizing) was the most effective at reducing V. destructor infestations (Experiment 1) and to improve upon this method by determining the treatment interval that resulted in the greatest V. destructor control (Experiment 2). We used the product Api-Bioxal (97% OA) and maintained 40 honey bee colonies (10/treatment) in both experiments. In Experiment 1, the treatments included (i) dribbling 50 ml of 3% OA solution, (ii) vaporizing 4 g of solid OA, (iii) using an insect fogger supplied with 2.5% OA dissolved in ethyl alcohol, and (iv) an untreated control. After 3 weeks, only the vaporization method reduced V. destructor infestations (from 9.24 mites/100 bees pretreatment to 3.25 mites/100 bees posttreatment) and resulted in significantly increased brood amounts and numbers of adult bees over those of the controls. In Experiment 2, all colonies were treated with 4 applications of OA via vaporization at a constant concentration of 4 g OA/colony. In this experiment, the groups were separated by treatment intervals at either 3-, 5-, or 7-day intervals. We observed that 5- and 7-day treatment intervals significantly reduced V. destructor populations from pretreatment levels over that of the controls and 3-day intervals. Our data demonstrate the efficacy of OA in reducing V. destructor infestation, particularly vaporizing 4 g every 5–7 days as the most effective method of application.
Probiotics and in-hive fermentation as a source of beneficial microbes to support the gut microbial health of honey bees
Authors: Rodríguez María A , Fernández Leticia A , Daisley Brendan A , Reynaldi Francisco J , Allen-Vercoe Emma , Thompson Graham J 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Managed populations of honey bees (Apis mellifera Linnaeus; Hymenoptera: Apidae) are regularly exposed to infectious diseases. Good hive management including the occasional application of antibiotics can help mitigate infectious outbreaks, but new beekeeping tools and techniques that bolster immunity and help control disease transmission are welcome. In this review, we focus on the applications of beneficial microbes for disease management as well as to support hive health and sustainability within the apicultural industry. We draw attention to the latest advances in probiotic approaches as well as the integration of fermented foods (such as water kefir) with disease-fighting properties that might ultimately be delivered to hives as an alternative or partial antidote to antibiotics. There is substantial evidence from in vitro laboratory studies that suggest beneficial microbes could be an effective method for improving disease resistance in honey bees. However, colony level evidence is lacking and there is urgent need for further validation via controlled field trials experimentally designed to test defined microbial compositions against specific diseases of interest.
Pathologically relevant aldoses and environmental aldehydes cause cilium disassembly via formyl group-mediated mechanisms
Authors: Li Te , Liu Min , Yu Fan , Yang Song , Bu Weiwen , Liu Kai , Yang Jia , Ni Hua , Yang Mulin , Yin Hanxiao , Hong Renjie , Li Dengwen , Zhao Huijie , Zhou Jun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Carbohydrate metabolism disorders (CMDs), such as diabetes, galactosemia, and mannosidosis, cause ciliopathy-like multiorgan defects. However, the mechanistic link of cilia to CMD complications is still poorly understood. Herein, we describe significant cilium disassembly upon treatment of cells with pathologically relevant aldoses rather than the corresponding sugar alcohols. Moreover, environmental aldehydes are able to trigger cilium disassembly by the steric hindrance effect of their formyl groups. Mechanistic studies reveal that aldehydes stimulate extracellular calcium influx across the plasma membrane, which subsequently activates the calmodulin–Aurora A–histone deacetylase 6 pathway to deacetylate axonemal microtubules and triggers cilium disassembly. In vivo experiments further show that Hdac6 knockout mice are resistant to aldehyde-induced disassembly of tracheal cilia and sperm flagella. These findings reveal a previously unrecognized role for formyl group-mediated cilium disassembly in the complications of CMDs.
Self-sampling tools to increase cancer screening among underserved patients: a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Moss Jennifer L , Entenman Juliette , Stoltzfus Kelsey , Liao Jiangang , Onega Tracy , Reiter Paul L , Klesges Lisa M , Garrow George , Ruffin Mack T 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Screening can reduce cancer mortality, but uptake is suboptimal and characterized by disparities. Home-based self-sampling can facilitate screening for colorectal cancer (with stool tests, eg, fecal immunochemical tests) and for cervical cancer (with self-collected human papillomavirus tests), especially among patients who face barriers to accessing health care. Additional data are needed on feasibility and potential effects of self-sampling tools for cancer screening among underserved patients.

Methods
We conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial with patients (female, ages 50-65 years, out of date with colorectal and cervical cancer screening) recruited from federally qualified health centers in rural and racially segregated counties in Pennsylvania. Participants in the standard-of-care arm (n = 24) received screening reminder letters. Participants in the self-sampling arm (n = 24) received self-sampling tools for fecal immunochemical tests and human papillomavirus testing. We assessed uptake of screening (10-week follow-up), self-sampling screening outcomes, and psychosocial variables. Analyses used Fisher exact tests to assess the effect of study arm on outcomes.

Results
Cancer screening was higher in the self-sampling arm than the standard-of-care arm (colorectal: 75% vs 13%, respectively, odds ratio = 31.32, 95% confidence interval = 5.20 to 289.33; cervical: 79% vs 8%, odds ratio = 72.03, 95% confidence interval = 9.15 to 1141.41). Among participants who returned the self-sampling tools, the prevalence of abnormal findings was 24% for colorectal and 18% for cervical cancer screening. Cancer screening knowledge was positively associated with uptake (P &lt; .05).

Conclusions
Self-sampling tools can increase colorectal and cervical cancer screening among unscreened, underserved patients. Increasing the use of self-sampling tools can improve primary care and cancer detection among underserved patients.

Clinical Trials Registration Number
STUDY00015480.
The consequences of ISO 45001: preliminary analysis of cases in Korea
Authors: Joo Ikhyun , Baek Kyungmin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objectives: Using cases in the Korean workplace, this study preliminarily investigated whether ISO 45001-certified and non-certified workplaces differ in 4 aspects of occupational safety and health (OSH) management.
Methods: Data were obtained from the 2021 Survey on the Status of Safety and Health in the Workplace in Korea. This study used a matched-pair analysis of certified and non-certified workplaces.
Results: The results suggest that although ISO 45001-certified workplaces have a more safety-friendly internal institutional context than non-certified workplaces, there is no significant difference in the number of injuries and fatalities.
Conclusions: The results indicate that ISO 45001-certified workplaces do not achieve better OSH performance than non-certified workplaces because ISO 45001 remains in the early stages of expansion, and certification does not require the achievement of OSH performance. A longitudinal analysis is needed to confirm the accurate outcomes of ISO 45001 certification.
Epistemic injustice through transformative learning
Authors: Fairbairn Fran 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this paper, I argue that epistemic injustice can result from transformative learning. Transformative learning causes a radical change in the structure of a student’s personal epistemic resources to bring them in line with the structure of a discipline’s shared epistemic resources. When those shared epistemic resources are biased, this transformation prevents students from retaining aspects of their personal epistemic resources which it is strongly in their interests (as well as in the interests of the broader epistemic community) to retain. In these cases, transformative learning causes epistemic injustice in the form of inferential injustice.
Successful treatment of a painful os peroneum using conservative measures, infiltration therapy, and shock waves
Authors: Andresen Julian Ramin , Puchner Stephan , Radmer Sebastian 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Lateroplantar foot pain may be caused by various entities, whereby painful os peroneum syndrome should be included in the differential diagnosis. Physical examination and multimodal imaging enable a definitive diagnosis. We report on a 59-year-old man with severe, load-dependent pain, corresponding to an os peroneum syndrome, triggered by a pes planovalgus with consecutively induced focal inflammation and tendovaginitis of the tendon of the peroneus longus muscle. Multifactorial conservative measures including infiltration and shockwave therapy finally led to a restoration of the original condition.
The phenomenon of spontaneous tumor regression in breast cancer
Authors: Qureshi Abid , Gollamudi Sindhuri , Qureshi Shahar , Sondhi Nisha , Nabi Shahzaib , Genato Romulo , Xiao Philip , Asarian Armand 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Spontaneous tumor regression is an increasingly prevalent phenomenon of partial or complete disappearance of primary tumor tissue or associated metastases in the absence of therapeutic intervention. Cases of spontaneous regression have been established in malignant tumors, such as testicular germ cell tumor, renal cell cancer, melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, neuroblastoma, colon cancer, breast cancer, as well as metastases. Breast cancer has increasingly been reported to have a higher rate of spontaneous regression than previously thought. Immunologic response is cited as the forefront of spontaneous regression phenomenon, with the focus on immunologic cell death. This report brings awareness to a case of spontaneous regression observed in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast and how disruption of the tumor microenvironment can take a variable course even in malignant disease.
Urethral reconstruction using amniotic membrane allograft in hereditary androgen insensitivity syndrome: a case series
Authors: Mansour Marah , Raya Maria , Jrdy Abd Alrahman , Sires Abdoul Majid , Wardeh Jad Alhaq , Alsbekhan Almoataz Ballah , Faour Sabah , Kanas Mahmoud , Safadi Mhd Firas , Alrebdawi Khaled 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Partial androgen insensitivity syndrome is a rare X-linked disorder. While most cases are sporadic, familial cases are less frequent. The management of this syndrome follows a multidisciplinary approach involving hormone substitution, psychological counseling, and surgical procedures. We present a case series of three young siblings with familial partial androgen insensitivity syndrome who presented with a female phenotype. All of them were managed with hormonal treatment for 6 months followed by surgical reconstruction. The operative procedure involved phalloplasty and urethroplasty using amniotic membrane transplant, which is considered a novel technique in this group of patients. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were observed and good results were achieved within 2 years of follow-up.