bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life cycle assessment of a two-seater all-electric aircraft
Authors: Arvidsson Rickard , Nordelöf Anders , Brynolf Selma 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Aviation is an important contributor to climate change and other environmental problems. Electrification is one option for reducing the environmental impacts of aviation. The aim of this study is to provide the first life cycle assessment (LCA) results representing an existing commercial, two-seater, all-electric aircraft.

Methods
An attributional cradle-to-grave LCA was conducted with a functional unit of 1 h flight time. Data and records from an aircraft manufacturer informed much of the study. Detailed modelling of important aircraft components is provided, including the battery, motor, inverter, instrument panel and seats. Impact results are compared to those from a similar but fossil fuel–based two-seater aircraft. A wide range of impact categories was considered, while the focus was on global warming, resource depletion, particulate matter, acidification and ozone formation.

Results and discussion
The main contributors to almost all impact categories are the airframe, the lithium-ion battery and emissions (in the use phase). The airframe has a major impact as it contains energy-intensive, carbon fibre–reinforced composites, the impact of which can be reduced by recycling. The battery dominates mineral resource depletion categories and contributes notably to emission-based categories. Producing batteries using non-fossil energy or shifting to less resource-intensive, next-generation batteries would reduce their impact. Use-phase impacts can be reduced by sourcing non-fossil electricity. Despite the need for multiple battery pack replacements, the comparison with the fossil fuel option (based on equal lifetimes) still showed the electric aircraft contributing less to global warming, even in a high-carbon electricity scenario. By contrast, when it concerned mineral resources, the electric aircraft had greater impact than the fossil fuel based one.

Conclusions
A sufficiently long lifetime is key to bringing the all-electric aircraft’s environmental impacts (such as global warming) below those of fossil fuel–based aircraft. The high burden of the airframe and batteries can then be outweighed by the benefit of more efficient and emission-free electric propulsion. However, this comes with a trade-off in terms of increased mineral resource use.
Fetal heart rate spectral analysis in raw signals and PRSA-derived curve: normal and pathological fetuses discrimination
Authors: Steyde Giulio , Spairani Edoardo , Magenes Giovanni , Signorini Maria G. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Cardiotocography (CTG) is the most common technique for electronic fetal monitoring and consists of the simultaneous recording of fetal heart rate (FHR) and uterine contractions. In analogy with the adult case, spectral analysis of the FHR signal can be used to assess the functionality of the autonomic nervous system. To do so, several methods can be employed, each of which has its strengths and limitations. This paper aims at performing a methodological investigation on FHR spectral analysis adopting 4 different spectrum estimators and a novel PRSA-based spectral method. The performances have been evaluated in terms of the ability of the various methods to detect changes in the FHR in two common pregnancy complications: intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and gestational diabetes. A balanced dataset containing 2178 recordings distributed between the 32nd and 38th week of gestation was used. The results show that the spectral method derived from the PRSA better differentiates high-risk pregnancies vs. controls compared to the others. Specifically, it more robustly detects an increase in power percentage within the movement frequency band and a decrease in high frequency between pregnancies at high risk in comparison to those at low risk.

Graphical abstract
Comparison of PET/CT-based eligibility according to VISION and TheraP trial criteria in end-stage prostate cancer patients undergoing radioligand therapy
Authors: Michalski Kerstin , Kosmala Aleksander , Werner Rudolf A. , Serfling Sebastian E. , Seitz Anna K. , Lapa Constantin , Buck Andreas K. , Hartrampf Philipp E. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Two randomized clinical trials demonstrated the efficacy of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) radioligand therapy (PSMA RLT) in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). While the VISION trial used criteria within PSMA PET/CT for inclusion, the TheraP trial used dual tracer imaging including FDG PET/CT. Therefore, we investigated whether the application of the VISION criteria leads to a benefit in overall survival (OS) or progression-free survival (PFS) for men with mCRPC after PSMA RLT.

Methods
Thirty-five men with mCRPC who had received PSMA RLT as a last-line option and who had undergone pretherapeutic imaging with FDG and [68Ga]Ga-PSMA I&T or [18F]PSMA-1007 were studied. Therapeutic eligibility was retrospectively evaluated using the VISION and TheraP study criteria.

Results
26 of 35 (74%) treated patients fulfilled the VISION criteria (= VISION+) and only 17 of 35 (49%) fulfilled the TheraP criteria (= TheraP+). Significantly reduced OS and PFS after PSMA RLT was observed in patients rated VISION− compared to VISION+ (OS: VISION−: 3 vs. VISION+: 12 months, hazard ratio (HR) 3.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0–9.1, p < 0.01; PFS: VISION−: 1 vs. VISION+: 5 months, HR 2.7, 95% CI 1.0–7.8, p < 0.01). For patients rated TheraP−, no significant difference in OS but in PFS was observed compared to TheraP+ patients (OS: TheraP−: 5.5 vs. TheraP+: 11 months, HR 1.6, 95% CI 0.8–3.3, p = 0.2; PFS: TheraP−: 1 vs. TheraP+: 6 months, HR 2.2, 95% CI 1.0–4.5, p < 0.01).

Conclusion
Retrospective application of the inclusion criteria of the VISION study leads to a benefit in OS and PFS after PSMA RL, whereas TheraP criteria appear to be too strict in patients with end-stage prostate cancer. Thus, performing PSMA PET/CT including a contrast-enhanced CT as proposed in the VISION trial might be sufficient for treatment eligibility of end-stage prostate cancer patients.
Bivariate Analysis of Birth Weight and Gestational Age by Bayesian Distributional Regression with Copulas
Authors: Rathjens Jonathan , Kolbe Arthur , Hölzer Jürgen , Ickstadt Katja , Klein Nadja 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe analyze perinatal data including biometric and obstetric information as well as data on maternal smoking, among others. Birth weight is the primarily interesting response variable. Gestational age is usually an important covariate and included in polynomial form. However, in opposition to this univariate regression, bivariate modeling of birth weight and gestational age is recommended to distinguish effects on each, on both, and between them. Rather than a parametric bivariate distribution, we apply conditional copula regression, where the marginal distributions of birth weight and gestational age (not necessarily of the same form) and the dependence structure are modeled conditionally on covariates. In the resulting distributional regression model, all parameters of the two marginals and the copula parameter are observation specific. While the Gaussian distribution is suitable for birth weight, the skewed gestational age data are better modeled by the three-parameter Dagum distribution. The Clayton copula performs better than the Gumbel and the symmetric Gaussian copula, indicating lower tail dependence (stronger dependence when both variables are low), although this non-linear dependence between birth weight and gestational age is surprisingly weak and only influenced by Cesarean section. A non-linear trend of birth weight on gestational age is detected by a univariate model that is polynomial with respect to the effect of gestational age. Covariate effects on the expected birth weight are similar in our copula regression model and a univariate regression model, while distributional copula regression reveals further insights, such as effects of covariates on the association between birth weight and gestational age.
Soil climate regulation services: high SOC stock in Podzols and Umbrisols in an alpine grassland (Valle Adamé, Italy)
Authors: Ferré Chiara , Mascetti Gaia , Gentili Rodolfo , Citterio Sandra , Comolli Roberto 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe United Nations Sustainable Development Goals include soil conservation as an urgent climate action to be taken; alpine grassland soils, rich in organic matter and particularly vulnerable to climate change, require special attention. In the upper Adamé valley (Italy), the effects of soil and vegetation types and environmental parameters, on soil carbon (SOC) stock and other soil properties were evaluated. Sampling points were chosen starting from the main vegetation types (dominant species: Rhododendron ferrugineum, Nardus stricta, Festuca luedii, Adenostyles leucophylla and Salix herbacea). For each vegetation type, five plots were selected, within which three soil minipits were described and sampled by layers (0–10 cm, 10–20 cm and 20–40 cm), at 75 georeferenced points. The results highlighted that: (1) Podzols and Umbrisols showed high capacity to store OC in the top 40 cm (17.3 ± 8.2 kg m−2), whereas Fluvisols and Leptosols demonstrated a low capacity (5.0 ± 3.5 kg m−2); (2) topographical factors indirectly affected the variability of the SOC stock by influencing the spatial distribution of vegetation; (3) 74% of the SOC stock was sequestered in the upper 0–20 cm layer; (4) regardless of soil type, Festuca and Salix were the vegetation types that mostly contributed to the surface SOC enrichment, followed by Rhododendron, Nardus and Adenostyles. Following climate change, a shift of the Salix and Nardus vegetation types in favour of the Rhododendron type is expected in the short to medium term. As a consequence, a possible reduction in the effectiveness of the climate regulation service provided by the soils may occur.
Entrepreneur’s Gender and SMEs Performance: the Mediating Effect of Innovations
Authors: Expósito Alfonso , Sanchis-Llopis Amparo , Sanchis-Llopis Juan A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe relationship between entrepreneur’s gender and business performance has been studied in existing literature assuming that it is a straight-forward direct relationship. Instead, in this study we examine how gender affects business performance through the introduction of innovations. Our aim is to explore the differences between men-led and women-led businesses as regards the performance results they obtain from innovating. We use a sample of 1376 Spanish small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to analyse the effect of entrepreneur’s gender on business performance considering the mediating effect of innovations, that is, the possibility that gender indirectly influences business performance by affecting the introduction of innovations. Using econometric techniques, we estimate discrete choice models to investigate the relationship amongst gender, innovations and performance. Our main results show that men-led SMEs are more likely to achieve superior performance from innovations, and particularly, from their higher propensity to implement process innovations, in comparison to women-led SMEs. One limitation of our study is that data is cross-sectional, so that caution is needed regarding the causal interpretation of results. We contribute to uncover the role of gender on SMEs performance and the need to incorporate a policy gender perspective when dealing with enhancing SMEs innovativeness and performance.
Time-shift effect of spontaneous combustion characteristics and microstructure difference of dry-soaked coal
Authors: Liu Yikang , Wang Haiyan , Niu Huiyong , Wang Tao , Chen Zhiwen , Chen Yuqi , Qi Qingjie 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe physical and chemical properties of the air-dried residual coal after soaking in the goaf will change, resulting in an increase in its spontaneous combustion tendency. This study aimed to look into the features and mechanism of soaked-dried coal's spontaneous combustion. Five samples of coal were dried to various degrees, and the weight loss features during thermal processing were examined. Based on this, the pore structure and chemical structure characteristics of the coal samples with the highest tendency to spontaneous combustion were quantitatively examined, and the mechanism by which soaking-drying affected the spontaneous combustion heating process of the remaining coal in goaf was investigated in turn. The results show that T1 decreases with the increase of drying time, T2–T6 shows a fluctuating change, and the ignition activation energy of 36-S-Coal is smaller than that of other coal samples. The pore type of 36-S-Coal changes from a one-end closed impermeable pore to an open pore, and the pore group area is large. During the 36 h drying process, the internal channels of the coal were dredged, and a large number of gravels and minerals were precipitated from the pores with the air flow. A large number of gravels were around the pores to form a surface structure that was easy to adsorb various gases. Furthermore, infrared spectroscopy was used to analyze the two coal samples. It was found that soaking and drying did not change the functional group types of coal samples, but the fatty chain degree of 36-S-Coal was reduced to 1.56. It shows that the aliphatic chain structure of coal is changed after 36 h of drying after 30 days of soaking, which leads to the continuous shedding of aliphatic chain branches of residual coal, and the skeleton of coal is looser, which makes the low-temperature oxidation reaction of 36-S-Coal easier. Based on the above results, the coal-oxygen composite mechanism of water-immersed-dried coal is obtained, and it is considered that the key to the spontaneous combustion oxidation process of coal is to provide oxygen atoms and accelerate the formation of peroxides.
Der sächsische Bible belt als Konstellation diskursiver Aushandlung zwischen religiösem Expert*innen und Lai*innenwissen seit dem 19. Jahrhundert
Authors: Albrecht-Birkner Veronika 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Beitrag nimmt die Herausbildung der Konstellation sächsischerBible beltals Prozess diskursiver Aushandlung zwischen konkurrierenden religiösen Expert*innen und Lai*innenwissensbeständen seit dem 19. Jahrhundert in den Blick. Diese Konstellation wird unter dem Aspekt der Transformationen des Populären und somit als Konfliktgeschichte um Beachtung und Deutungshoheiten seit um 1800 untersucht. Dabei geht es um den Anspruch auf und die Zuschreibung von Expertise und somit um Rollen und Ressourcen, Legitimation und Geltung im Bereich des Religiösen. Es werden drei unterschiedliche Typen des Verhältnisses von Expert*innen und Lai*innenwissensbeständen, die sich in der Sächsischen Landeskirche herausbildeten und mehr oder weniger dauerhaft etablierten, identifiziert: ein komplementärer, ein interferierender und ein konkurrierend-abgrenzender Typ.
Accelerating Machine Learning Inference with GPUs in ProtoDUNE Data Processing
Authors: Cai Tejin , Herner Kenneth , Yang Tingjun , Wang Michael , Acosta Flechas Maria , Harris Philip , Holzman Burt , Pedro Kevin , Tran Nhan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe study the performance of a cloud-based GPU-accelerated inference server to speed up event reconstruction in neutrino data batch jobs. Using detector data from the ProtoDUNE experiment and employing the standard DUNE grid job submission tools, we attempt to reprocess the data by running several thousand concurrent grid jobs, a rate we expect to be typical of current and future neutrino physics experiments. We process most of the dataset with the GPU version of our processing algorithm and the remainder with the CPU version for timing comparisons. We find that a 100-GPU cloud-based server is able to easily meet the processing demand, and that using the GPU version of the event processing algorithm is two times faster than processing these data with the CPU version when comparing to the newest CPUs in our sample. The amount of data transferred to the inference server during the GPU runs can overwhelm even the highest-bandwidth network switches, however, unless care is taken to observe network facility limits or otherwise distribute the jobs to multiple sites. We discuss the lessons learned from this processing campaign and several avenues for future improvements.
Upper Palaeolithic hunter–gatherer societies in the Basque Country (Iberian Peninsula) in the light of palaeoenvironmental dynamics in the last Glacial Period: cultural adaptations and the use of biotic resources
Authors: Iriarte-Chiapusso Maria-Jose , Ayerdi Miren , Garcia-Ibaibarriaga Naroa , Pérez-Fernández Arantzazu J. , Villaluenga Aritza , Arrizabalaga-Iriarte Jon , Lejonagoitia-Garmendia Lide , Arrizabalaga Alvaro 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUpper Palaeolithic archaeological sites in the Basque Country have been excavated for over a century. They have yielded a rich palaeoenvironmental record with zoological and botanical remains that have been obtained in stratigraphic series dated precisely by radiocarbon. This information reveals cyclical environmental changes from climates similar to today to drier and extremely cold conditions, when species in current boreal biomes and others now extinct but with similar ecological preferences were present in the region. Moreover, the archaeological sites have provided high-resolution information about the resilience mechanisms of the communities of our own human species. This information allows us to increase the corpus of palaeoclimate data regarding the Marine Isotopic Stage (MIS) 2 and MIS 3 for a critical region within the human population of Eurasia. The aim of this paper is to show how an extraordinary capacity for adaptation to drastic climate changes Upper Palaeolithic hunter–gatherer societies displayed, even though their subsistence depended on biotic resources that alter rapidly.
Inca Mitmaqkuna, Chaînes Opératoires, and Pottery Production in the Northern Andes
Authors: Lara Catherine , Ramón Gabriel , Bray Tamara L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article investigates the utility of a chaîne opératoire approach centered on technologies of ceramic production for identifying Inca mitmaqkuna archaeologically. Although early documents suggest that the Inca program of resettlement (mitmaq) was massive in scale, archaeologists have had minimal success in identifying such relocated populations. Here we test a novel approach that focuses on technologies of production and associated tool assemblages used within different communities of practice. Previous studies indicate that the ethnic Cañari of southern Ecuador used a distinctive method of pottery manufacture involving a specific chaîne opératoire and a unique set of production-related tools. According to early sources, the Inca deported Cañari peoples to various sectors of Tawantinsuyu. In this article, we investigate the contemporary manufacturing style of ceramics from the Ancash region of north-central Peru—an area where Cañari mitmaqkuna were purportedly resettled—to determine whether distinctive communities of practice potentially representing relocated communities might be visible. The results of this study suggest that it is possible to identify connections among distant communities of practice via a focus on craft production technologies that, in certain historical contexts, may be construed as evidence for the presence of resettled populations.
Le sel en Maurétanie césarienne et en Numidie. Quels gisements ? Quels usages ? Quels réseaux ?
Authors: Amraoui Touatia 
Published: October 2023

Abstractالملح في موريتانيا القيصرية و نوميديا. مصادره؟ استخداماته؟تواتية عمراويهذا هو الملخص الأول للمناطق الوسطى من المغرب العربي (الجزائر) و الذي يظهر الدور الرئيسي الذي لعبه الملح محلياً و كجزء من شبكات تجارية أوسع، و على مدى فترة طويلة من الزمن . اعتمدت هذه الدراسة على مصادر قديمة وحديثة - جغرافية ومعدنية و إثنوغرافية - و تستخدم البيانات الأثرية التي أهمل تحليلها في السابق عن استغلال الملح واستخداماته في العصور القديمة في كل من موريتانيا القيصرية و نوميديا. إن إعادة التقييم هذه تكشف عن مدى توفر الموارد المحلية: حيث كان الملح وفيراً، ويمكن الوصول إليه بسهولة، و يسهل حصاده من البحيرات المالحة أو صخور الملح .إن البقايا الأثرية التي يتم العثور عليها و بشكل منهجي بالقرب من مكامن الملح الموجودة داخل منطقة المقاطعة الرومانية أو على أطرافها، تؤكد أن السكان استخدموا هذه الموارد المحلية لاحتياجاتهم اليومية. وتظهر الدراسات الإثنوغرافية أن السكان أو القبائل العابرة كانوا - ولا يزالون - قادرين على الاستفادة من الملح المحلي كجزء من تجارتهم مع الشمال والجنوب . تشير أدلة العصور الوسطى إلى أن الملح الصخري من جبل ملح الوطاية (بسكرة) والملح من سبخة آرزيو كان يتم تصديرهما عن طريق البر و من ثم البحر، حيث يصدر الأول لتونس و الثاني لدول أوروبية مجاورة، ولا يوجد ما يتعارض مع حقيقة أن هذا النوع من الشبكات وغيرها كانت موجود بالفعل في العصور القديمة.
Early hepatic proteomic signatures reveal metabolic changes in high-fat-induced obesity in rats
Authors: Gupta Abhishak C. , Bhat Adil , Maras Jaswinder S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe prevalence of diet-related obesity is increasing dramatically worldwide, making it important to understand the associated metabolic alterations in the liver. It is well known that obesity is a multifactorial condition that is the result of complex integration between many gene expressions and dietary factors. Obesity alone or in conjunction with other chronic diseases such as diabetes and insulin resistance causes many health problems and is considered a major risk factor for developing non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis. In this study, we aimed to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying early hepatic changes in the pathophysiology of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced abdominal obesity in rats. Hepatic protein profiles of normal diet and HFD-induced obesity for 24 weeks were analysed using two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (DIGE) and protein identification by MS. Fifty-two proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF), and computer-assisted DIGE image software analysis showed that eighteen major proteins were significantly differentially expressed between comparable groups, with 2·0–4·0-fold change/more (P < 0·01). These proteins are regulated in response to a HFD, and differentially expressed proteins are involved in key metabolic pathways such as lipid metabolism, energy metabolism, detoxification, urea cycle and hepatic Ca homoeostasis. In addition, Western blot and immunohistochemistry of liver-specific arginase-1 (Arg-1) showed significant increased expression in the liver of high-fat-fed rats (P < 0·01). Further, Arg-1 expression was correlated with NASH patients with obesity-related fibrosis (F0–F4). It is concluded that high-fat content may affect changes in liver pathways and may be a therapeutic target for obesity-related liver disease. Arg-1 expressions may be a potential pathological marker for assessing the progression of the disease.
MASS DEFORESTATION AS A CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY?
Authors: Martini Pauline , Holt Joe , Sarliève Maud 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article examines whether mass deforestation could be prosecuted as a crime against humanity under Article 7 of the Rome Statute. It does so in respect of the situation in the Brazilian Legal Amazon in 2019–2021, where the unbridled exploitation and destruction of the rainforest had a disastrous impact at local, regional and global levels. The article covers three main aspects. First, it explores the existing limits of international criminal law for prosecuting mass deforestation as a crime against humanity, and the contours within which criminalization would be possible. Secondly, it discusses the challenges inherent in the anthropocentric nature of the chapeau requirement of Article 7 for the criminalization of mass deforestation under that provision. Thirdly, it analyses the extent to which mass deforestation could qualify as persecution and/or an ‘other inhumane act’ under Articles 7(1)(h) and (k) of the Rome Statute.