bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postmortem analysis of bilateral subthalamic electrode implants in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Henderson Jasmine M. , Pell Malcolm , O'Sullivan Dudley J. , McCusker Elizabeth A. , Fung Victor S.C. , Hedges Philippa , Halliday Glenda M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis is the second neuropathological report detailing bilateral electrodes targeting the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). The patient presented with unilateral tremor‐dominant parkinsonism. Bilateral STN stimulation was carried out 7 years later due to significant disease progression and severe motor fluctuations. The patient exhibited bilateral improvements in rigidity and bradykinesia both intraoperatively and postoperatively. The patient died 2 months later from aspiration pneumonia. Neuropathological examination confirmed both the diagnosis of PD and the electrode placements. The tip of the left electrode was located medially and posteriorly in the left STN and the tip of the right electrode entered the base of the thalamus/zona incerta immediately above the right STN. Tissue changes associated with the subthalamic electrode tracts included mild cell loss, astrogliosis, and some tissue vacuolation. Our postmortem analysis indicates little tissue damage associated with STN stimulation for PD. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors: From rational design to clinical trials
Authors: Traxler Peter , Bold Guido , Buchdunger Elisabeth , Caravatti Giorgio , Furet Pascal , Manley Paul , O'Reilly Terence , Wood Jeanette , Zimmermann Juerg 
Published: August 2002

AbstractProtein kinases play a crucial role in signal transduction as well as in cellular proliferation, differentiation, and various regulatory mechanisms. The inhibition of growth related kinases, especially tyrosine kinases, might provide new therapies for diseases such as cancer. The progress made in the crystallization of protein kinases has confirmed that the ATP‐binding domain of tyrosine kinases is an attractive target for drug design. Three successful examples of drug design at Novartis using a tyrosine kinase as a molecular target are described. PKI166, a pyrrolo[2,3,‐d]pyrimidine derivative, is a dual inhibitor of both the EGFR and the ErbB2 kinases. The compound entered clinical trials in 1999, based on its favorable preclinical profile: potent inhibition of EGF‐mediated signalling in cells, in vivo antitumor activity in several EGFR overexpressing xenograft tumor models in nude mice, long‐lasting inhibition of EGF‐stimulated EGFR autophosphorylation in tumor tissue, good oral bioavailability in animals, and no prohibitive in vitro and in vivo toxicity findings. The anilino‐phthalazine derivative PTK787/ZK222584 (Phase I, co‐developed by Schering AG, Berlin) is a potent and selective inhibitor of both the KDR and Flt‐1 kinases with interesting anti‐angiogenic and pharmacokinetic properties (orally bioavailable). STI571 (Glivec™, Gleevec™), a phenylamino‐pyrimidine derivative, is a potent inhibitor of the Abl tyrosine kinase, which is present in 95% of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). The compound specifically inhibits proliferation of v‐Abl and Bcr‐Abl expressing cells (including cells from CML patients) and shows anti‐tumor activity as a single agent in animal models at well‐tolerated doses. Pharmacologically relevant concentrations are achieved in the plasma of animals (oral administration). Promising data from phase I and II clinical trials in CML patients (98% haematological response rate in Phase I) support the fact that the STI571 represents a new treatment modality for CML. In addition, potent inhibition of the PDGFR and c‐Kit tyrosine kinases also indicates its possible clinical use in solid tumors. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Med Res Rev, 21, No. 6, 499–512, 2001
Nasal columella reconstruction with a composite free flap from the root of auricular helix
Authors: Ozek Cuneyt , Gundogan Hakan , Bilkay Ufuk , Alper Mehmet , Cagdas Arman 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDefects of the nasal columella result in significant cosmetic and functional deformities. Over the years, a variety of methods for nasal columella reconstruction have been described in the literature, as have the technical difficulties of reconstructing this subtle structure. Here, a successful reconstruction of a 3.0 × 2.0 cm‐wide nasal columella defect, with a chondrocutaneous microsurgical free flap from the root of the auricular helix, is presented. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 22:53–56 2002
Thermoelasticity with second sound—exponential stability in linear and non‐linear 1‐d
Authors: Racke Reinhard 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe consider linear and non‐linear thermoelastic systems in one space dimension where thermal disturbances are modelled propagating as wave‐like pulses travelling at finite speed. This removal of the physical paradox of infinite propagation speed in the classical theory of thermoelasticity within Fourier's law is achieved using Cattaneo's law for heat conduction. For different boundary conditions, in particular for those arising in pulsed laser heating of solids, the exponential stability of the now purely, but slightly damped, hyperbolic linear system is proved. A comparison with classical hyperbolic–parabolic thermoelasticity is given. For Dirichlet type boundary conditions—rigidly clamped, constant temperature—the global existence of small, smooth solutions and the exponential stability are proved for a non‐linear system. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new model to analyze the effects of noise in a real oscillator
Authors: Centurelli Francesco , Ercolani Alessandro , Tommasino Pasquale , Trifiletti Alessandro 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA model to perform time‐domain simulations of noisy oscillators by means of linear time‐variant systems is presented. The proposed model has been implemented in an ODE simulation software, and the obtained power spectral density has been compared to the one obtained with the SpectreRF™ circuit simulator, denoting an error lower than 2 dB. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 305–307, 2002.
Resonance behavior of single U‐slot microstrip patch antenna
Authors: Bhalla R. , Shafai L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractApproximate equations for the operating frequencies of a single U‐slot microstrip patch antenna are presented based on the surface‐current distribution analysis on a microstrip patch. They are accurate within 5%. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 333–335, 2002.
The SiNxpassivation thickness effect on AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs pHEMT performance
Authors: Hongqin Li , Xiaowei Sun , Guanqun Xia 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe silicon nitride passivation thickness has been investigated extensively for AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs pHEMT characteristics in this paper. The experimental results show that the cutoff frequency will drop as the passivation thickness increases for a pHEMT. The electronic performance of the pHEMT was affected severely when SiNxthickness was larger than 2000 Å. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 81–84, 2001.
Design of ultra‐wideband multilayer slant linear polarizer using a genetic algorithm
Authors: Purushottam Y. , Prasad R. V. Hara , Misra V. C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this letter, for the first time, a genetic algorithm is applied successfully for the design and optimization of a multilayer slant linear polarizer to cover a bandwidth of 1:18. In the algorithm, the fitness function is selected based on the return‐loss requirement. A minimum of 10 dB return loss in the specified bandwidth was achieved. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 30: 119–122, 2001.
Using equivalent currents to analyze antennas in complex environments
Authors: Las‐Heras F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn efficient approach to analyze antennas in conducting environments is presented. It is based on the replacement of the antenna by sets of equivalent magnetic currents that become the sources of the impressed field over the conducting environment. The equivalent currents are calculated from the known near‐field pattern of the single antenna. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 62–65, 2001.
Performance and efficiency of planar rectennas for short‐range wireless power transfer at 2.45 GHz
Authors: Heikkinen Jouko , Kivikoski Markku 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe performance and efficiency of three planar rectennas, designed on three different PCB materials, have been evaluated at 2.45 GHz. A maximum RF‐to‐dc conversion circuit efficiency of 55% was achieved. An output dc voltage of 1 V was measured over a distance of 1 m from a rectenna having 7 dB antenna gain. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 86–91, 2001.
Microstrip‐line‐fed printed shorted ring‐slot antennas for circular polarization
Authors: Chen Wen‐Shan , Huang Chien‐Chin , Wong Kin‐Lu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDesigns of circularly polarized printed shorted annual and square ring‐slot antennas are proposed. Circular polarization (CP) radiation of the shorted ring‐slot antennas is achieved by selecting a proper length of the shorted section in the ring slot, which is about 3.9 and 8% of the mean circumference of annular and square ring slots, respectively, and feeding the ring slot using a microstrip line 90° to the shorted section. Prototypes of the proposed designs have been implemented. Experimental results show that good CP radiation performances are observed, and the 3 dB axial‐ratio CP bandwidths obtained for the annular and square ring‐slot antennas can reach about 8.4 and 8.1%, respectively. Details of the proposed CP designs and obtained experimental results are presented and discussed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 137–140, 2001.
Pharmacokinetics of acyclovir in immunocompromized children with leukopenia and mucositis after chemotherapy: Can intravenous acyclovir be substituted by oral valacyclovir?
Authors: Eksborg Staffan , Pal Niklas , Kalin Mats , Palm Carina , Söderhäll Stefan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundThe efficacy of oral acyclovir, a purine nucleoside analogue with activity against human herpes viruses, is limited as a result of its low bioavailability. Valacyclovir, the L‐valyl ester of acyclovir, has been developed as a pro‐drug to improve the bioavailability. The aim of the present study was to compare the pharmacokinetics of acyclovir after intravenous administration and after oral administration of vala cyclovir.ProcedureThe pharmacokinetics of acyclovir were studied in 18 children aged 1.4–18.1 years (median: 6.9 years; 9 females) after intravenous infusion (1 hr; median dose: 10.5 mg/kg). In 10 of the children the pharmacokinetics of acyclovir were also studied after oral administration of valacyclovir (median dose: 34.1 mg/kg). Quantification of acyclovir in serum was performed by reversed‐phase liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection. The pharmacokinetic analysis was performed by pharmacokinetic modelling.ResultsThe serum concentration versus time curves of acyclovir were described by the two compartment model after intravenous administration and by the one compartment model with a zero‐ or first‐order absorption phase after oral administration of valacyclovir. The bioavailability of acyclovir after oral administration of valacyclovir was 45% (median value; 95% CI: 37–55%).ConclusionIt is possible to substitute intravenous acyclovir therapy by oral valacyclovir therapy in children with leukopenia and mucositis after chemotherapy. This finding can at present not be fully implemented in clinical practice, since a commercial pharmaceutical formulation of valacyclovir aimed for children not able to swallow intact tablets is lacking. Crushed valacyclovir tablets have a very unpleasant taste, but can be administered to children through nasogastric tubes. Med. Pediatr. Oncol. 2002;38:240–246. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Revised structures of Arillatanosides A–C from Polygala arillata
Authors: Teng Rongwei , Wu Zhijun , He Yineng , Wang Dezu , Yang Chongren 
Published: August 2002

AbstractArillatanosides A–C are three triterpenoid saponins from Polygala arillata Buch–Ham that have been reported previously, but with partially incorrect structures. Further investigation of their NMR data led to the conclusion that the terminal α‐L‐arabinopyranosyl unit originally proposed for Arillatanosides A–C (I–III) is actually a β‐D‐xylopyranosyl unit. Thus, the correct structures of Arillatanosides A–C are represented by 1–3. Complete NMR assignments of Arillatanosides A–C (1–3) and the related polygalasaponin XXXV (4) were achieved using modern 2D NMR techniques, such as DQF H–H COSY, HMQC, HMBC, TOCSY, 2D HMQC–TOCSY. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coordination equilibrium in an Ln(III) macrocyclic chelate modulated by a reversible interaction with a weakly donor substituent
Authors: Dunand Frank A. , Aime Silvio , Geninatti Crich Simonetta , Giovenzana Giovanni B. , Merbach André E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe introduction of a squaric acid moiety at the secondary nitrogen center of DO3A [DO3A = 1,4,7‐tris(carboxymethyl)‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane] yields the DO3ASQ ligand endowed with a potential octadenticity towards Ln(III) ions. On the basis of 17O NMR investigations on [Gd(DO3ASQ)(H2O)], 13C NMR observations on [Lu(DO3ASQ)(H2O)] and UV spectra of [Eu(DO3ASQ)(H2O)], it is suggested that [Ln(DO3ASQ)(H2O)] complexes are present in solution as a mixture of two isomers differing in the coordination number of the Ln(III) ion, being 8 and 9, respectively. Only in the latter isomer is the squaric moiety coordinated to the Ln(III) ion. Interestingly, the two isomers display different exchange rates of the coordinated water molecule. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling one‐ and two‐dimensional solid‐state NMR spectra
Authors: Massiot Dominique , Fayon Franck , Capron Mickael , King Ian , Le Calvé Stéphanie , Alonso Bruno , Durand Jean‐Olivier , Bujoli Bruno , Gan Zhehong , Hoatson Gina 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWith the description of more and more complex one‐ and two‐dimensional NMR experiments comes the need to develop methods to make a comprehensive interpretation of the various different experiments that can be carried out on the same sample or series of related samples. We present some examples of modelling one‐ and two‐dimensional solid‐state NMR spectra of I = ½ spin and quadrupolar nuclei, using laboratory‐developed software that is made available to the NMR community. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Progesterone induces activation in Octopus vulgaris spermatozoa
Authors: Tosti Elisabetta , Di Cosmo Anna , Cuomo Annunziata , Di Cristo Carlo , Gragnaniello Giovanni 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to determine whether Octopus vulgaris spermatozoa are activated by progesterone stimulation. Spermatozoa were collected from the spermatophores in the Needham&apos;s sac of the male &lpar;MS&rpar; and from the spermathecae of oviducal glands of the female &lpar;FS&rpar;. We used transmission &lpar;TEM&rpar; and scanning &lpar;SEM&rpar; electron microscopy to study the morphology of untreated, Ca2&plus; ionophore A23187 and progesterone&hyphen;treated MS spermatozoa, and untreated FS spermatozoa. We showed that ionophore and progesterone stimulation of MS spermatozoa induce breakdown of the membranes overlapping the acrosomal region, exposing the spiralized acrosome. These modifications resemble the acrosome reaction observed in other species. FS stored in the spermathecae did not show the membranes covering the acrosomal region present in the MS spermatozoa. When ionophore and progesterone treatments were performed in Ca2&plus;&hyphen;free artificial sea water, no changes were observed, suggesting the role of external calcium in modifying membrane morphology. Lectin studies showed a different fluorescence distribution and membrane arrangement of FS&hyphen;untreated spermatozoa with respect to the MS, suggesting that spermatozoa transferred in the female genital tract after mating, are stored in a pre&hyphen;activated state. The plasma membrane of the untreated MS and FS spermatozoa was labelled with Progesterone&hyphen;BSA&hyphen;FITC, indicating the presence of plasma membrane progesterone receptor. Taken together these data suggest that progesterone induces an acrosome&hyphen; like reaction in MS spermatozoa similar to that induced by calcium elevation. In addition progesterone may play a role in the pre&hyphen;activation of spermatozoa stored in the female tract, further supporting the hypothesized parallelism between cephalopods and vertebrates. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 59:97&ndash;105, 2001. &copy; 2001 Wiley&hyphen;Liss, Inc.
Identification of the cadherin subtypes present in the human peritoneum and endometriotic lesions: Potential role for P‐cadherin in the development of endometriosis
Authors: Chen George T.C. , Tai Chin‐Tao , Yeh Lian‐Shung , Yang Tung‐Chuan , Tsai Horng‐Der 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEndometriosis is defined as endometrial tissue outside of the uterine cavity. The pathogenesis of this common disease remains poorly understood. However, the implantation and invasion of the viable cells from retrograde menstruation into the peritoneum is a widely accepted theory. To date, the mechanisms by which cell adhesion molecules mediate the development of human endometriosis remain unclear. Cadherins are a family of cell adhesion molecules that mediate cell–cell adhesion in a homophilic manner. In this study, the cadherins present in the peritoneum and endometriotic lesions were identified by RT‐PCR using degenerate primers. In addition, differences in the levels of the cadherin mRNA transcripts present in eutopic endometrium and endometriotic lesions of the same patients were then compared by semiquantitative RT‐PCR. Multiple cadherins were detected in the peritoneum and endometriotic lesions. Of these, P‐cadherin appears to be the predominant cadherin subtype present in the peritoneum. Similarly, P‐cadherin mRNA levels in endometriotic lesions were significantly greater than those observed in the corresponding eutopic endometrium. The expression of P‐cadherin in both the human peritoneum and endometriotic lesions suggests that this cell adhesion molecule may play a central role in the development of endometriosis by mediating endometrial‐peritoneal cell interactions in a homophilic manner. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 62: 289–294, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of cryopreservation of pronuclear‐stage rabbit zygotes on the morphological survival, blastocyst formation, and full‐term development after DNA microinjection
Authors: Hochi S. , Hirabayashi M. , Hirao M. , Kato M. , Kobayashi T. , Kimura K. , Hirasawa K. , Leibo S.P. , Ueda M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to examine the freezing sensitivity of pronuclear‐stage rabbit zygotes and to produce transgenic rabbits using the cryopreserved zygotes. Zygotes were cryopreserved either by one of two vitrification protocols or by one of the two conventional freezing protocols. The morphological survival rates of zygotes subjected to two‐step freezing in 1.5 M ethylene glycol and 0.1 M sucrose (74%) or to vitrification in 7.2 M ethylene glycol and 1.0 M sucrose (81%) were higher than those subjected to freezing in 1.5 M DMSO (46%) or to vitrification in a mixture of 2.0 M DMSO, 1.0 M acetamide, and 3.0 M propylene glycol (41%). But the in vitro development into blastocysts of zygotes cryopreserved by vitrification (17%) or to a lesser extent by freezing (52%) was impaired, when compared to that of fresh control zygotes (89%). Next, a fusion gene composed from bovine aS1‐casein promoter and a human GH structural gene (2.8 kb) was microinjected into the pronucleus of rabbit zygotes frozen–thawed in ethylene glycol and sucrose. Then, the presence of exogenous DNA in the genome of newborn offspring was determined by PCR. The post‐injection survival of frozen zygotes (97%) was the same as that of fresh control zygotes (96%). However, of 18 offspring derived from 414 frozen–thawed and DNA‐injected zygotes, no transgenic rabbits were produced. Of 52 offspring derived from 403 DNA‐injected fresh zygotes, 3 transgenic rabbits were found. Here we report the first rabbit offspring resulting from zygotes cryopreserved at the pronuclear‐stage, although the cryopreservation procedure employed must be improved if zygotes are to be used for systematic production of transgenic rabbits. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 60: 227–232, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization and potential function of a novel testis‐specific nucleoporin BS‐63
Authors: Cai Ying , Gao Ying , Sheng Qi , Miao Shiying , Cui Xiuyun , Wang Linfang , Zong Shudong , Koide Samuel S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA 1933 bp cDNA fragment, coding a truncated testis‐specific novel nucleoporin, was isolated from a human testis λZAPII cDNA library, designated as BS‐63 and assigned GenBank accession number: U64675. By applying the methods of rapid amplification of cDNA ends (5′ RACE) and PCR, a full‐length BS‐63 cDNA composed of 5475 bp was obtained. BS‐63 cDNA contained an open reading frame consisting of 1765 codons and XFXFG or GLFG repetitive sequence motifs. These repetitive motifs are structural characteristic of nucleoporins. BS‐63 cDNA has high homology with Nup358/Ran BP2. A 1599 bp fragment, corresponding to the C‐terminus of BS‐63 cDNA, was prepared and expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3). The recombinant product was purified by affinity chromatography and SDS–PAGE and polyclonal antibodies raised. In rat testis section, the BS‐63 protein was localized at the sites of nuclear pores in spermatids by immuno‐gold transmission electron microscopy and on the nuclear membrane of Triton X‐treated sperm by colloidal silver immuno‐gold scanning electron microscopy. The recombinant BS‐63 protein can be phosphorylated in vitro with PKC and p34cdc2. A yeast two‐hybrid system was used to screen a mouse testis cDNA library to identify proteins capable of interacting with BS‐63. Using the 1.6 kb cDNA fragment as bait, the following interacting proteins were identified: Ran, transportin (karyopherin beta2), two proteins related to the nucleocytoplasmic transporter and aF10 protein. The latter protein is a putative transcriptor containing a cysteine‐rich N‐terminus, a LAP/PHD finger, a leucine zipper domain and a glutamine‐rich C‐terminus. Also it is highly expressed in murine testis and is located in the cell nucleus and cytoplasm. The interaction of BS‐63 with aF10 (696–1001aa) was validated by surface plasmon resonance and by affinity precipitation combined with Western blot. aF10 (696–1001aa) interacted in vitro with BS‐63 extracted from rat testis germ cells. It is hypothesized that BS‐63 is a testis‐specific nucleoporin and possibly acts as a docking site and a cotransporter of Ran and transportin. The complex performs the task of a carrier system in transporting aF10 into the nucleus of germ cells during spermiogenesis. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 61: 126–134, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.