bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing lying behaviour of young riding horses on days in an individual indoor box, on an outdoor paddock alone, or in pairs and in the following night
Authors: Helmerich Pia , Bachmann Iris , Gygax Lorenz 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundHorses must lie down to go into vital rapid‐eye movement (REM) sleep. If they are not lying down for sufficiently long periods they can become so sleep‐deprived that they collapse uncontrollably, which results in a risk of injuries.ObjectivesTo investigate how recumbency as a prerequisite to REM sleep on the experimental days and the following nights was influenced by changes in social and spatial environment throughout the day.Study designCross‐over design in which subjects experienced each experimental condition twice.MethodsObservations were conducted on a horse farm. Ten young horses in training were observed on days when they were alone indoors in a box, on an outdoor paddock alone, on the same paddock in pairs, and in the following night stabled alone. The number of lying bouts and the total lying duration throughout the day and night were assessed automatically using 3D‐accelerometers and data were evaluated using mixed‐models.ResultsHorses had a higher number of lying bouts during the days (p = 0.05, by a factor of 1.21 [95% CI: 1.00–1.45]) and longer lying duration at night (p < 0.001, by a factor of 11.25 [6.47–18.40]). On average, the number of lying bouts and the duration of lying increased from being indoors alone, to being outdoors alone, and outdoors in pairs although this could not be statistically supported (bouts: p = 0.5, by a factor of 1.08 [0.84–1.36] and 1.17 [0.91–1.48]; p = 0.6, duration: by a factor of 1.39 [0.73–2.93] and 1.38 [0.68–2.78]).Main limitationsA small number of horses were observed and there was large variability between days within horses.ConclusionsWe found some indications that open space and a social companion throughout the day increased time lying down in the day as well as during the following nights thus allowing for more REM sleep.
Incidence trends of lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma in the United States from 2000 to 2019
Authors: Chen Qiong , Zheng Mingjing , Ling Caicai 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundInformation on lentigo maligna (LM) and lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM) in the 21st century is scarce. We aimed to elucidate the incidence of LM and LMM using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 17 Registries.MethodsThe data of patients diagnosed between 2000 and 2019 were extracted from the SEER database. The percentage of LM/LMM cases among all melanoma patients, age‐standardized incidence rates, estimated annual percentage changes, and the cumulative incidence of LMM after LM were calculated.ResultsThe SEER data yielded 95,175 patients with LM/LMM between 2000 and 2019. Cases of LM/LMM accounted for 15.7% of all melanomas. The age‐standardized incidence per 100,000 person‐years for LM increased from 4.16 to 5.61 and for LMM from 1.33 to 2.35 between 2000 and 2019. The annual increase in incidence of LM was 2.42%, and that of LMM was 3.32%. The cumulative incidence of LMM after a primary LM after 10‐year follow‐up was 0.94%.ConclusionsThis study provides the first comprehensive analysis of the epidemiological status of LM/LMM in the United States in the 21st century using the population‐based SEER data.
The unlikely success of coordinated bargaining in a liberal market economy: The case of Ireland
Authors: Paolucci Valentina , Roche William K. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper challenges the prevailing view of the negative impact of collective bargaining decentralisation on trade unions in liberal market economies. It uses quantitative and in‐depth company cases from four major sectors in Ireland, to explain how unions have effectively established bargaining coordination following the global financial crisis.
Enhancing the fracture toughness and hardness of sapphire by high‐temperature rolling
Authors: Chen Zeji , Liu Xiaowei , Li Yingwei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAlthough the hardness of sapphire is very high, in some applications, for example, working as panels in mobile phones and watches as well as optical windows in various military optical sensors, it still suffers from the destruction of being scratched and marked as well as mechanical failure by fracture. Here we reported that the technique of high‐temperature rolling we developed recently could be exploited to sapphire to enhance its hardness and fracture toughness. After rolling at 1200°C, Vickers’ hardness and fracture toughness of sapphire increase by 4%–6% and 13%–27%, respectively. The enhancement of fracture toughness was explained by the residual compressive stress layer that was introduced in sapphire during rolling. The improvement of hardness was thought to be related to the hardening effect of dislocations. This work provides a new strategy for the mechanical property enhancement of sapphire in further applications.
A case of short QT‐interval postventricular arrhythmia arrest from Torsade De Pointes, a new phenotype, or the result of tachycardia‐mediated imbalance
Authors: Ifedili Ikechukwu , Maturana Miguel , Kayali Sharif , Levine Yehoshua , Kabra Rajesh , Jha Sunil K. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionWe report the case of an 18‐year‐old female with recurrent syncope that was discovered to have congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS) and episodes of a transiently short QT interval after spontaneous termination of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia.Methods & ResultsA cardiac event monitor revealed a long QT interval and initiation of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia by a premature ventricular complex on the preceding T‐wave. After 1 minute of ventricular fibrillation, her arrhythmia spontaneously terminated with evidence of a short QT interval.ConclusionsA transient, potentially artificial, short QT interval following Torsades de Pointes can occur in patients with LQTS.
Surpoint algorithm for improved guidance of ablation for ventricular tachycardia (SURFIRE‐VT): A pilot study
Authors: Sanders David , Du‐Fay‐de‐Lavallaz Jeanne M. , Winterfield Jeffrey , Santangeli Pasquale , Liang Jackson , Rhodes Paul , Ravi Venkatesh , Badertscher Patrick , Mazur Alexander , Larsen Timothy , Sharma Parikshit S. , Huang Henry D. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe utility of ablation index (AI) to guide ventricular tachycardia (VT) ablation in patients with structural heart disease is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess procedural characteristics and clinical outcomes achieved using AI‐guided strategy (target value 550) or conventional non‐AI‐guided parameters in patients undergoing scar‐related VT ablation.MethodsConsecutive patients (n = 103) undergoing initial VT ablation at a single center from 2017 to 2022 were evaluated. Patient groups were 1:1 propensity‐matched for baseline characteristics. Single lesion characteristics for all 4707 lesions in the matched cohort (n = 74) were analyzed. The impact of ablation characteristics was assessed by linear regression and clinical outcomes were evaluated by Cox proportional hazard model.ResultsAfter propensity‐matching, baseline characteristics were well‐balanced between AI (n = 37) and non‐AI (n = 37) groups. Lesion sets were similar (scar homogenization [41% vs. 27%; p = .34], scar dechanneling [19% vs. 8%; p = .18], core isolation [5% vs. 11%; p = .4], linear and elimination late potentials/local abnormal ventricular activities [35% vs. 44%; p = .48], epicardial mapping/ablation [11% vs. 14%; p = .73]). AI‐guided strategy had 21% lower procedure duration (−47.27 min, 95% confidence interval [CI] [−81.613, −12.928]; p = .008), 49% lower radiofrequency time per lesion (−13.707 s, 95% CI [−17.86, −9.555]; p < .001), 21% lower volume of fluid administered (1664 cc [1127, 2209] vs. 2126 cc [1750, 2593]; p = .005). Total radiofrequency duration (−339 s [−24%], 95%CI [−776, 62]; p = .09) and steam pops (−155.6%, 95% CI [19.8%, −330.9%]; p = .08) were nonsignificantly lower in the AI group. Acute procedural success (95% vs. 89%; p = .7) and VT recurrence (0.97, 95% CI [0.42–2.2]; p = .93) were similar for both groups. Lesion analysis (n = 4707) demonstrated a plateau in the magnitude of impedance drops once reaching an AI of 550–600.ConclusionIn this pilot study, an AI‐guided ablation strategy for scar‐related VT resulted in shorter procedure time and average radiofrequency time per lesion with similar acute procedural and intermediate‐term clinical outcomes to a non‐AI‐guided approach utilizing traditional ablation parameters.
Implant‐supported single all‐ceramic crowns made from prefabricated (stock) or individualized CAD/CAM zirconia abutments: A 5 year randomized clinical trial
Authors: Wittneben Julia‐Gabriela , Abou‐Ayash Samir , Gashi Ardian , Buser Daniel , Belser Urs , Brägger Urs , Sailer Irena , Gavric Jelena 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimThe aim of this randomized, prospective, and clinical multicenter study was to compare the overall clinical performance of two restorative options over a 5‐year period: individualized CAD/CAM abutments veneered with a hand‐layered ceramic, and prefabricated zirconium dioxide abutments veneered with press ceramic and inserted into a single edentulous gap in the anterior maxilla.Materials and MethodsForty subjects were recruited from two universities: 20 from the University of XX and 20 from the University of XY. Each subject received an implant to restore a single edentulous gap in the maxillary anterior region (14–24 FDI). 20 patients were randomized into each Group. Group A received a one‐piece single crown produced from a prefabricated zirconia abutment with pressed ceramic and Group B received an individualized CAD/CAM zirconia abutment with a hand‐layered technique. After 5 years, the aesthetic and radiographic parameters were assessed.ResultsGroup A had four dropouts and one failure, resulting in a 95% survival rate and 95% success rate. Group B had two dropouts and two failures which resulted in a 90% survival rate and 90% success rate. No crestal bone level changes were observed, with a mean DIB of 0.06 mm in Group A and 0.09 mm in Group B. No statistically significant differences were present at baseline, 6 months, 1 year, 3 years, or 5 years for DIB values between time points and groups. Pink aesthetic score/white aesthetic score, Peri‐Implant and Crown Index, and Implant Crown Aesthetic Index values were stable over time at all five points for both groups.ConclusionBoth implant‐supported restorative options represent a valuable treatment option for the restoration of implant crowns in the anterior maxilla.Clinical SignificanceIn general, the use of ceramic abutments in the anterior zone represents a valuable treatment procedure with both standardized and CAD/CAM individualized abutments and following the recommendations from the respective manufacturer(s).
Performance evaluation and parameter optimization of a walnut shell–kernel winnowing device
Authors: Li Hao , Niu Hao , Zhang Hong , Zhang Mengqiang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTo design a walnut shell–kernel winnowing device, the aerodynamic characteristics of walnut shells and kernels were studied by combining theoretical computation and empirical tests. A winnowing method was developed for shell–kernel separation based on an analysis of suspending velocity. The performance of the walnut shell–kernel winnowing device was evaluated based on the screening rate and loss rate. Influences of feeding rate, wind speed, and vibration frequency on the performance of the device were simulated, and the optimal operating parameters were acquired. Research results demonstrated that the suspending velocity ranges of walnut shells and kernels were 8.96–13.89 and 11.81–20.78 m/s, respectively. Vibration frequency was the primary factor that influenced the screening rate of the device, followed by wind speed and then feeding rate. Feeding rate was the primary factor influencing the loss rate of the device, followed by vibration frequency and then wind speed. The optimal operating parameters were as follows: feeding rate = 246.61 g/s, wind speed = 19.77 m/s, and vibration frequency = 41.17 Hz. Under these conditions, the winnowing device's screening rate and loss rate were 79.22% and 7.38%, respectively. The performance of the designed walnut shell–kernel winnowing device conforms to practical operational requirements. This study provides a potential reference for future investigation into the optimization of shell–kernel winnowing devices for other agricultural products.Practical applicationsIn order to explore the influence of each factor on the performance of the device, the windward area of the crushed materials was obtained by Image Processing. Meanwhile the “3σ criterion” was used to establish an equivalent sphere of equal windward area to replace the real shape of the walnut particles, and the range of the suspending velocity of the walnut crushed material was explored. Based on the Computational Fluid Dynamics Discrete Eement Method (CFD‐DEM) coupling method, and taking the screening rate and loss rate as the evaluation indicators, the effects of feed flow, wind speed, and vibration frequency on the performance of the device were simulated and analyzed, and the optimal operating parameter combination was obtained. The performance of the walnut shell–kernel winnowing device designed in this paper meets the actual operation requirements, and the research method can provide a reference for the development and optimization of other agricultural product separation equipments.
A meta‐analysis study on the association between smoking and male pattern hair loss
Authors: Gupta Aditya K. , Bamimore Mary A. , Talukder Mesbah 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundSmoking—which often refers to recreational consumption of the nicotine‐containing tobacco—is deemed a risk factor for both the development of and worsening of androgenetic alopecia (AGA). However, there is no published meta‐analysis study on the effect of smoking on AGA; so, we quantitatively synthesized the evidence base pertaining to the recreational activity and this form of hair loss in men.MethodsWe systematically searched PubMed and Scopus to identify published studies with suitable data, and pairwise meta‐analyses were conducted.ResultsOur search identified eight studies—and the data thereof were used across four meta‐analyses. We found that ever smokers are significantly (p < 0.05) more likely, than never smokers, to develop AGA (pooled odds ratio (OR) = 1.82, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.55–2.14). Our results showed that the odds of developing AGA are significantly (p < 0.05) higher in men who smoke at least 10 cigarettes per day, than in their counterparts who smoke up to 10 cigarettes per day (pooled OR = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.17–3.29). For men with AGA, the odds of disease progression are significantly (p < 0.05) higher among ever smokers than in never smokers (pooled OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.01–1.60). We found no significant (p ≥ 0.05) association between smoking intensity and disease progression.ConclusionsFindings from the current study—which is the first meta‐analysis to our knowledge reviewing the association between AGA and the extent of smoking, can guide further research and update clinical practice guidelines.
Multiparametric analysis from dynamic susceptibility contrast‐enhanced perfusion MRI to evaluate malignant brain tumors
Authors: Abreu Vasco Sousa , Tarrio João , Silva José , Almeida Francisco , Pinto Catarina , Freitas Davide , Filipe João Pedro 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and PurposeDynamic susceptibility contrast‐enhanced (DSC) MR perfusion is a valuable technique for distinguishing brain tumors. Diagnostic potential of measurable parameters derived from preload leakage‐corrected‐DSC‐MRI remains somewhat underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate these parameters for differentiating primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL), glioblastoma, and metastasis.MethodsThirty‐nine patients with pathologically proven PCNSL (n = 14), glioblastoma (n = 14), and metastasis (n = 11) were analyzed. Five DSC parameters—relative CBV (rCBV), percentage of signal recovery (PSR), downward slope (DS), upward slope (US), and first‐pass slope ratio—were derived from tumor‐enhancing areas. Diagnostic performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.ResultsRCBV was higher in metastasis (4.58; interquartile range [IQR]: 2.54) and glioblastoma (3.98; IQR: 1.87), compared with PCNSL (1.46; IQR: 0.29; p = .00006 for both). rCBV better distinguished metastasis and glioblastoma from PCNSL, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.97 and 0.99, respectively.PSR was higher in PCNSL (88.11; IQR: 21.21) than metastases (58.30; IQR: 22.28; p = .0002), while glioblastoma (74.54; IQR: 21.23) presented almost significant trend‐level differences compared to the others (p≈.05). AUCs were 0.79 (PCNSL vs. glioblastoma), 0.91 (PCNSL vs. metastasis), and 0.78 (glioblastoma vs. metastasis).DS and US parameters were statistically significant between glioblastoma (−109.92; IQR: 152.71 and 59.06; IQR: 52.87) and PCNSL (−47.36; IQR: 44.30 and 21.68; IQR: 16.85), presenting AUCs of 0.86 and 0.87.ConclusionMetastasis and glioblastoma can be better differentiated from PCNSL through rCBV. PSR demonstrated higher differential performance compared to the other parameters and seemed useful, allowing a proper distinction among all, particularly between metastasis and glioblastoma, where rCBV failed. Finally, DS and US were only helpful in differentiating glioblastoma from PCNSL.
Neopestalotiopsis ibericainduces leaf spots onSynsepalum dulcificumin China
Authors: You Li‐Qian , Senanayake Indunil C. , Liu Jia‐wei , Luo Mei , Huang Ying‐hua , Dong Zhang‐Yong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSynsepalum dulcificumis one of the well‐known edible and ornamental plants with its unique flavour changing function of sour taste. In 2021, a new leaf spot disease was observed onS.dulcificumduring a field survey in Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China. The pathogen was isolated and identified using morphological examination and phylogeny based on multi‐gene sequences analysis of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS), translation elongation factor 1‐alpha (TEF), and beta‐ tubulin (TUB) genes. The isolates were identified asNeopestalotiopsis iberica. The pathogenicity ofN. ibericaonS. dulcificumwas validated fulfilling Koch's postulates, causing leaf spots disease. To our knowledge, this represents the first report of leaf spot disease onS. dulcificumcaused byN. ibericaworldwide.
Characterization of polyphosphate dynamics in the widespread freshwater diatom Achnanthidium minutissimum under varying phosphorus supplies
Authors: Lapointe Adrien , Kocademir Mustafa , Bergman Paavo , Ragupathy Imaiyan Chitra , Laumann Michael , Underwood Graham J. C. , Zumbusch Andreas , Spiteller Dieter , Kroth Peter G. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPolyphosphates (polyP) are ubiquitous biomolecules that play a multitude of physiological roles in many cells. We have studied the presence and role of polyP in a unicellular alga, the freshwater diatom Achnanthidium minutissimum. This diatom stores up to 2.0 pg·cell−1 of polyP, with chain lengths ranging from 130 to 500 inorganic phosphate units (Pi). We applied energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, Raman/fluorescence microscopy, and biochemical assays to localize and characterize the intracellular polyP granules that were present in large apical vacuoles. We investigated the fate of polyP in axenic A. minutissimum cells grown under phosphorus (P), replete (P(+)), or P deplete (P(−)) cultivation conditions and observed that in the absence of exogenous P, A. minutissimum rapidly utilizes their internal polyP reserves, maintaining their intrinsic growth rates for up to 8 days. PolyP‐depleted A. minutissimum cells rapidly took up exogenous P a few hours after Pi resupply and generated polyP three times faster than cells that were not initially subjected to P limitation. Accordingly, we propose that A. minutissimum deploys a succession of acclimation strategies regarding polyP dynamics where the production or consumption of polyP plays a central role in the homeostasis of the diatom.
Postzygotic barriers persist despite ongoing introgression in hybridizing Mimulus species
Authors: Mantel Samuel J. , Sweigart Andrea L. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe evolution of postzygotic isolation is thought to be a key step in maintaining species boundaries upon secondary contact, yet the dynamics and persistence of hybrid incompatibilities in naturally hybridizing species are not well understood. Here, we explore these issues using genetic mapping in three independent populations of recombinant inbred lines between naturally hybridizing monkeyflowers, Mimulus guttatus and Mimulus nasutus, from the sympatric Catherine Creek population. We discover that the three M. guttatus founders differ dramatically in admixture history, with nearly a quarter of one founder's genome introgressed from M. nasutus. Comparative genetic mapping in the three RIL populations reveals three new putative inversions, each one segregating among the M. guttatus founders, two due to admixture. We find strong, genome‐wide transmission ratio distortion in all RILs, but patterns are highly variable among the three populations. At least some of this distortion appears to be explained by epistatic selection favouring parental genotypes, but tests of inter‐chromosomal linkage disequilibrium also reveal multiple candidate Dobzhansky‐Muller incompatibilities. We also map several genetic loci for hybrid pollen viability, including two interacting pairs that coincide with peaks of distortion. Remarkably, even with this limited sample of three M. guttatus lines, we discover abundant segregating variation for hybrid incompatibilities with M. nasutus, suggesting this population harbours diverse contributors to postzygotic isolation. Moreover, even with substantial admixture, hybrid incompatibilities between Mimulus species persist, suggesting postzygotic isolation might be a potent force in maintaining species barriers in this system.
How do nursing home nurses conceptualize the management of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia? A phenomenographic study
Authors: Kim Dayeong , Choi Young‐Rim , Lee Ye‐Na , Chang Sung Ok 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) present complex challenges for nursing home (NH) nurses, leading to confusion and difficulties in providing effective care. To address these issues, investigating how NH nurses perceive and manage the BPSD is crucial since it can lead to the development of tailored and effective care plans. This study therefore aimed to explore the ways in which NH nurses approach the management of the BPSD by using phenomenography. The study identified five categories of assessment and four categories of intervention in managing the BPSD, with their hierarchical structure represented as an outcome space. Each category's description provides a clear conceptualization of the complex and challenging nature of the BPSD care, offering insights into how NH nurses perceive the BPSD management. The study's findings can enhance NH nurse education and lead to effective care plans for residents with BPSD.