bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Case of Subcutaneous Phaeohyphomycosis Caused by Exophiala xenobiotica in a Poorly‐Controlled Diabetic Patient: The Conventional Papanicolaou Staining on Cytology Specimen Can Potentially Guide Us to the Correct Diagnosis
Authors: Kadoguchi Rie , Anzawa Kazushi , Okanemasa Yoshiiku , Liu Yao , Dung Vu Anh , Shioya Akihiro , Yamada Sohsuke 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundPhaeohyphomycosis is a very rare fungal infection, which is one of more usual complications in immunocompromised and/or traumatic patients, has never been reported especially in a cytological field. We describe a first case of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Exophiala xenobiotica (E. xenobiotica) in a poorly controlled diabetic patient, and in which a correct cytological diagnosis of phaeohyphomycosis was possible to conclude.Case PresentationThe diabetic obese patient was a 60's‐year‐old male with a chief complaint of subcutaneous cyst‐like nodule on the left knee. The Papanicolaou staining on aspiration cytology from this central fluid contained a substantial number of characteristically brown hyphae with dichotomous branching conidiophores and annelloconidia formation, in the necrotic and inflammatory backgrounds. Culture on potato dextrose agar showed many slow‐growing yeast‐like colonies particularly in an olivaceous gray to black colored fashion. Furthermore, sequencing data for the rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions confirmed phaeohyphomycosis caused by E. xenobiotica infection. Histologically, the resected subcutaneous nodule was diagnosed as necrotizing epithelioid granulomas with central abscess formation, admixed with a large number of dichotomous branching fungal organisms with conidia, reminiscent of Aspergillus. However, Fontana‐Masson staining readily identified the melanin pigments in these fungal hyphae.ConclusionIn this subcutaneous cyst‐like case of immunocompromised patient, it is critical to consider the possibility of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis. The conventional methodology of Papanicolaou staining on cytology specimen can recognize characteristically typical dichotomous branching and brown‐pigmented fungi, potentially guiding us to the correct and quick diagnosis.
From threats to solutions: A literature review of climate adaptation in anadromous salmon and trout
Authors: Crozier Lisa G. , Siegel Jared E. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractUnderstanding the evolutionary responses of anadromous salmon and trout to climate change is critical for effective conservation planning. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive review of literature published from 2010 to 2020 to synthesize current knowledge on climate impacts to these fish populations. Specifically, we focused on 199 papers that explored evolutionary processes in response to changing environmental conditions. Our analysis revealed several key themes, including the interwoven influences of climate and human activities on genetic variation, phenotypic traits, and population dynamics. We found that geographic patterns in genetic diversity are closely linked to climatic gradients, highlighting the importance to conservation strategies of variation in existing adaptive capacity. Additionally, temporal trends in phenology, maturation age, and fecundity indicate ongoing evolutionary and plastic responses to climate change. Importantly, human activities were identified as significant drivers of maladaptation in anadromous salmon and trout populations. We emphasize the need for targeted monitoring of specific evolutionary processes to mitigate the loss of genetic diversity and enhance adaptive capacity. Our study underscores the importance of identifying and protecting areas of high genetic diversity and rare genes, particularly in regions projected to experience rapid climatic shifts. In conclusion, our findings identify strengths and gaps in the research investigating the role of evolutionary dynamics in the face of climate change. By capitalizing on new tools for sequencing, genomic analysis, and automated field data collection, we can establish baselines for tracking evolutionary responses to climate change. Better integration of evolutionary processes into projections of future climate impacts will lead to more effective strategies to ensure the long‐term resilience of these iconic fish species and other wildlife.
Modern Approaches for Asymmetric Construction of CF3‐All Carbon Quaternary Stereocenters from Prochiral Trifluoromethyl Alkenes
Authors: Priyanka Chiliveru , Adepu Raju , Punna Nagender 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAt present, the research of organofluorine chemistry is a leading and rapidly emerging area of life sciences. Organofluorine molecules have drawn much attention by displaying a wide variety of applications in agrochemicals, medicines, fire extinguishers, and blowing agents. In the present review, the great advances made in the last decade for the asymmetric construction of quaternary stereocenters bearing trifluoromethyl group from the corresponding prochiral‐trifluoromethylated substrates are discussed. A variety of catalytic frameworks have been designed in this field for asymmetric induction. The main prochiral‐trifluoromethyl substrates chosen for this review are β‐CF3‐β‐substituted nitro alkenes and α, β‐ unsaturated trifluoromethyl ketones. Moreover, this review describes the further utilization of obtained CF3‐quaternary centres to access the important organofluorine molecules.
Envisioning Future Workforce Adaptability: A Multi‐Layered Analysis of Skills Ecosystems in Vietnam's Emerging Economy
Authors: Ngo Quoc Dung , Nguyen Quynh Hoa , Vu Cuong 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study employs an innovative integration of Causal Layered Analysis and Futures Studies methodologies to examine persistent skills mismatch issues in rapidly developing labor markets. Through a multi‐layered analysis of cultural, systemic, and metaphorical factors, combined with the development of future scenarios, we provide a comprehensive understanding of the complex dynamics underlying skills gaps in fast‐growing economies. Our research reveals that traditional perceptions of education, systemic inefficiencies, and evolving economic demands contribute significantly to the misalignment between workforce skills and market needs. The study develops four alternative future scenarios, with the “Adaptive Innovation Ecosystem” emerging as the preferred vision for addressing skills mismatch challenges. This scenario emphasizes lifelong learning, AI‐driven skills forecasting, and deep industry–education collaboration. Our findings contribute to theoretical understanding and practical policy formulation by bridging deep cultural analysis with forward‐looking scenario planning, offering insights for cultivating adaptive workforces in rapidly transforming economies.
Snowmelt Infiltration and Runoff From Seasonally Frozen Hillslopes in a High Mountain Basin
Authors: Groff Terava , Pomeroy John W. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThere is relatively little research on infiltration into seasonally frozen soils on mountain hillslopes and few evaluations of infiltration model performance in this environment exist. As a result, the application of existing infiltration estimation methods developed in level environments is uncertain for estimating spring runoff in mountain basins. A field study was conducted in the Canadian Rockies using 8 years of snowpack, liquid soil moisture, and temperature profile observations from steep north‐facing and south‐facing slopes. Seasonal infiltration was calculated using soil freezing characteristic curves, timeseries of soil volumetric water content and temperature. Infiltration was found to primarily follow the limited case postulated by Popov (1972), with only 1 year at one site undergoing unlimited infiltration where nearly all meltwater infiltrated. Infiltration was estimated using an equation for the limited case developed from extensive observations of seasonal infiltration, initial soil saturation, and peak SWE in Canadian prairie agricultural fields. Whilst this equation accurately estimated infiltration depths on these mountain hillslope sites, it was unsuitable for application due to a statistical association between its driving variables. Initial soil saturation had no influence on infiltration depths at these sites and so a simpler single‐variable infiltration equation to estimate infiltration depths based on peak SWE was developed and found to have good predictive capability. Alternative approaches using modelled cumulative melt or infiltration opportunity time also had good predictability. Runoff depths estimated from a water balance, assuming negligible evaporation and sub‐surface drainage, were reliably predicted using peak SWE or cumulative melt depths by single‐variable infiltration equations in the absence of soil moisture, texture, aspect, or slope information. The results provide insights into estimating snowmelt runoff on hillslopes from snowpack accumulation that has been observed in cold region mountains, despite the complexity of hillslope hydrology and frozen soil infiltration processes.
Vertical and Lateral Variability of Suspended Sediment Transport in the Rhine River
Authors: Slabon Aron , Terweh Simon , Hoffmann Thomas O. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSuspended sediment is one of the major contributors to the total sediment load transported by rivers. Suspended sediment transport is highly variable both in time and space, driven by complex interactions between tectonics, climate change, and anthropogenic activity. Large waterways often underlie strong anthropogenic impact, for example, to ensure navigability and pursue economic objectives. However, stability and ecological integrity of the river system are equally important. For both, economic and ecologic objectives, processes related to the transport, deposition, and resuspension of fine sediment must be understood and quantified. Starting in the 1960s the Waterways and Shipping Administration (WSV) and the Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG) started an extensive monitoring program to quantify suspended sediment transport in German navigable waterways. To cope with the large spatiotemporal variability of suspended sediment transport the WSV combined work‐daily single point measurements and infrequent multi‐point measurements. The aim of our study is to quantify the vertical and lateral variability of suspended sediment transport along the largest waterway in Germany, the Rhine River, and investigate drivers of cross‐sectional variability. We link results from multi‐point measurements with single‐point measurements to assess the representativity of surface samples compared to cross‐sectional means of suspended sediment concentration. The comparison of these two monitoring programs reveals that surface samples strongly underestimate suspended sediment loads. Main drivers that could be quantified are vertical gradients of suspended sediment concentration by means of Rouse profiles and lateral variability which is partially explained by mean channel curvature and related to the underestimation of suspended sediment transport relying on surface samples. Further, we observe that the magnitude of lateral variability is comparable to vertical variability, but often neglected in suspended sediment monitoring. Our study contributes to the refinement of existing monitoring schemes and shows how empirical data verifies and falsifies transport dynamics and processes.
Protective Role of Oxycodone in Myocardial Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction Induced by Ischemia‐Reperfusion
Authors: Jiang Yongzheng , He Hua , Jia Xinwei 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIschemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury is a significant clinical problem impacting the heart and other organs, such as the kidneys and liver. This study explores the protective effects of oxycodone on myocardial I/R injury and its underlying mechanisms. Using a myocardial I/R model in Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats and an oxygen‐glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model in H9c2 cells, we administered oxycodone and inhibited AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) with Compound C (C.C). Our results showed that oxycodone significantly reduced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production while stabilizing mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Western blot and RT‐qPCR analyzes confirmed that oxycodone enhances AMPK phosphorylation and upregulates the expression of Silent Information Regulator 1 (SIRT1) and Peroxisome Proliferator‐Activated Receptor γ Coactivator 1α (PGC‐1α), thereby protecting myocardial cells. These findings suggest that oxycodone exerts significant protective effects against I/R injury by activating the AMPK pathway, offering new potential therapeutic targets for myocardial protection.
Decision Trees for the Recognition of Metal‐Centered Chirality in Coordination Complexes
Authors: Munguba Gabriel H. L. , da Silva Mateus F. , Silva Frederico T. , Urquiza‐Carvalho Gabriel A. , Simas Alfredo M. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWhile established guidelines exist for chirality in tetrahedral molecules, there is a notable absence of clear rules for recognizing metal‐centered chirality in higher‐coordination complexes. We develop decision trees to assess the likelihood of chirality‐at‐metal in coordination complexes with coordination numbers 4–9 with mono and bidentate ligands. Using binary decision rules based on shape, ligand type, and quantity, the trees classify complexes as chiral or achiral. The theoretical formalism employs stereoisomer enumeration via Pólya's theorem, assuming ideal geometries and cis coordination of bidentate ligands. Additionally, analysis of over 2700 crystallographic structures reveals a high prevalence of metal‐centered chirality, especially in complexes with higher coordination numbers. These powerful yet easy‐to‐use decision trees provide chemists with deeper insights into the stereochemistry of metal coordination complexes and with effective tools to identify and understand this often‐overlooked stereochemical property and its impact on molecular interactions and crystal packing.
Effects of methylphenidate on sensitivity to reinforcement delay, magnitude, and probability: Implications for impulsive and risky choice
Authors: Langford Jeremy S. , Batchelder Sydney R. , Hughes Christine E. , Pitts Raymond C. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractUnder rapid‐acquisition, concurrent‐chains choice procedures, psychomotor stimulants typically decrease the sensitivity of responding to changes in separate dimensions of reinforcement. Across two experiments, pigeons chose between outcomes that differed in terms of reinforcement delay and magnitude (the dimensions involved in delay discounting or “impulsive” choice; Experiment 1) or reinforcement probability and magnitude (the dimensions involved in probability discounting or “risky” choice; Experiment 2). Outcomes associated with each terminal link were varied independently and pseudorandomly across sessions such that in dominated sessions one terminal link was favorable in terms of both dimensions (sooner, larger in Experiment 1 and more likely, larger in Experiment 2) and in trade‐off sessions each terminal link was favorable in terms of a different dimension. Response allocation in initial links tracked changes in terminal‐link outcomes in a manner that suggests each dimension contributed additively and independently to choice. Methylphenidate decreased sensitivity to all dimensions of reinforcement at a dose (or doses) that did not substantially affect bias or initial‐link response rates. The degree to which methylphenidate decreased sensitivity was related to baseline sensitivity for delay and magnitude but not for probability. Baseline dependency may be a more useful approach for predicting drug effects on delay/impulsive, rather than risky, choice.
Intercellular Epigenomic Signalling via Extracellular Vesicles During B Cell Maturation
Authors: Yim Kevin Ho Wai , Al Hrout Ala'a , Chahwan Richard 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTB cell maturation is crucial for effective adaptive immunity. It requires a complex signalling network to mediate antibody diversification through mutagenesis. B cells also rely on queues from other cells within the germinal centre. Recently, a novel class of intercellular signals mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs) has emerged. Studies have shown that B cell EV‐mediated signalling is involved in immune response regulation and tumorigenesis. However, the mechanistic role of B cell EVs is not yet established. We herein study the biological properties and physiological function of B cell EVs during B cell maturation. We use emerging technologies to profile B cell EV surface marker signatures at the single particle level, molecular cargo and physiological roles in B cell maturation. EV ncRNA cargo, characterised by RNA‐seq, identified an EV‐mediated novel non‐coding RNA (ncRNA) regulatory network for B cell maturation. We show that a previously uncharacterised micro‐RNA (miR‐5099) in combination with a set of long ncRNA are carried within B cell EVs and could contribute to antibody diversification. The physiological role of EVs in B cell maturation is investigated using EV blockade assays and complementation studies using diverse EV sources further confirmed the physiological role and mode of action of EVs in B cell maturation.
Associations between death anxiety and probable posttraumatic stress disorder and clinical depression and anxiety in older Israeli adults during wartime
Authors: Bergman Yoav S. , Saar‐Ashkenazy Rotem , Faran Yifat , Klonover Eyal , Palgi Yuval 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe outbreak of the Israel–Hamas war on October 7, 2023, has presented unprecedented challenges to older adults’ mental health, including increased posttraumatic stress, anxiety, and depression. The current study examined potential war‐ and age‐related factors associated with probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), clinical depression (probable depression), and generalized anxiety disorder (probable anxiety) among older adults during the ongoing war. Moreover, due to the continued threat of death, we examined whether death anxiety is an additional contributing factor to older adults’ probable PTSD, depression, and anxiety. Data were collected January–March 2024 from 554 community‐dwelling older adults (Mage = 73.90 years, SD = 7.35, range: 61–96 years) who completed online scales assessing sociodemographic variables, war exposure (distance from the Gaza Strip, exposure to terror attacks/blasts), and age‐related constructs (assistance in daily activities [ADL], cognitive decline, physical illnesses, death anxiety). Increased ADL was associated with probable depression, B = 0.62, OR = 1.87, and anxiety, B = 0.42, OR = 1.53, and cognitive decline was associated with probable depression, B = 1.52, OR = 4.56. Older adults with high levels of death anxiety were almost 3 times as likely to meet the criteria for probable PTSD, B = 1.05, OR = 2.85, and more than 1.5 as likely to meet the criteria for probable depression, B = 0.54, OR = 1.71, and anxiety, B = 0.50, OR = 1.65. The importance of death anxiety as a potential risk factor for negative psychological outcomes among older adults during war is discussed.
A novel early‐warning standardized indicator for drought preparedness and management under multiple climate model projections
Authors: Qamar Sadia , Kartal Veysi , Emiroglu Muhammet Emin , Ali Zulfiqar , Sammen Saad Sh. , Scholz Miklas 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIncreasing global temperatures have triggered several environmental and ecological challenges. Recurring droughts across the globe are an adverse consequence of global warming. In this research, a new drought forecasting index—the Multimodal Forecastable Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (MFSPEI)—has been suggested using projections from multiple climate models. The MFSPEI methodology is primarily based on the first component of the Forecastable Component Analysis (FCA) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). For application purposes, the time series data of SPEI from 10 climatic models endorsed by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP‐6) at 50 random locations over the region of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) have been considered. The outcomes show that the first component of FCA captures a sufficient amount of variation while maintaining high forecastability in all the selected grid points and the chosen prominent timescales of drought monitoring indices. To assess the predictive performance of the proposed index (MFSPEI), comparison matrices of artificial neural network (ANN) models were identified. During the training and testing phases, the forecast efficiency of the developed indicator (MFSPEI) proved superior to that of the individual SPEI. The numerical assessment indicates that the deviations and difficulties in interpreting SPEI data from individual climate models can be addressed more effectively with the proposed indicator. Therefore, MFSPEI effectively reinforces drought predictions for drought preparedness and management in the context of multiple climate model projections.
Infinitely Many Sign‐Changing Solutions for a Schrödinger Equation With Competing Potentials
Authors: Wu Ke , Cheng Kaijing , Zhou Fen 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTConsider the following nonlinear problem with competing potentials: , where , and are positive functions. We construct infinitely many nonradial sign‐changing solutions to the equation above by the Lyapunov–Schmidt reduction method.
Understanding Types of Stigma Experienced in Black Women Living With HIV in Baltimore, Maryland: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Mikhael Tanya , Mendez Kyra Jennifer Waligora , Sun Chun‐An , Chepkorir Joy , Han Hae‐Ra 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimTo understand how Black or African American women living with HIV (WLH) experience different types of stigma in their daily lives.DesignSecondary analysis of quantitative and qualitative data from a recent clinical trial in Baltimore, Maryland.MethodsQuantitative data were collected in the baseline survey, and qualitative data were gathered during 6‐month follow‐up focus group and individual interviews. First, we conducted an exploratory factor analysis with principal axis factoring to identify the underlying factor structure of the HIV Stigma Scale. Next, we analysed the interviews with thematic analysis to understand women's experience with different stigma types.ResultsExploratory factor analysis revealed the HIV Stigma Scale was a one‐factor scale that measured internalised stigma. However, qualitative interviews revealed that four different types of stigma were present in the everyday lives of WLH. These included the following: vicarious, enacted, internalised and perceived stigma. A current HIV stigma scale may not fully capture the stigma experiences salient to Black WLH. There is a need for internally valid quantitative measures that can adequately capture HIV stigma as experienced by Black WLH.Patient or Public ContributionBlack WLH agreed to participate in the study, completed the HIV stigma scale and shared their experiences with us.