bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two Forms of Post-Fordism
Authors: Guy Frederick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
After Fordism came … post-Fordism. The latter is not a very revealing handle, but there are reasons for this. One is that we are still in the post-Fordist period, and it is always hazardous to make generalizations about one’s own age; all that I need to say about that I’ve already said in Chapter 3, with reference there to “globalization.” Another is that there is reason to believe that, in the aftermath of Fordism, the economic institutions and production systems of industrial countries in fact became more diverse; thus, there is no one post-Fordism but, in a way that would delight a postmodernist, many post-Fordisms.
Varieties of Capitalism
Authors: Guy Frederick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Kenichi Ohmae, a business strategy guru from Japan, says there are no successful countries, only successful companies. In his view, the nation-state serves mainly to get in the way of business: it taxes its successful businesses to prop up the unsuccessful ones, the prosperous regions to subsidize the less prosperous. The wealth created by Toyota and Canon is used to maintain inefficient Japanese agriculture and forestry. The world as a whole would be more prosperous, in his view, if states simply got out of the way, eliminating trade barriers, subsidies, and regulations (Ohmae 1996, 1999).
Clusters
Authors: Guy Frederick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Who makes your computer, and where is it made? There is probably no simple answer to that question. The laptop I’m working on right now is branded by RM, a British company that sells to schools and universities. Reading the fine print on the back I’m not surprised to find it’s made in Taiwan by ASUS. ASUS also sells computers under its own brand, but here it is playing the role of OEM, or original equipment manufacturer. OEMs put products together to the specifications of the company that brands them and sells them to consumers. In some industries, such as clothing or footwear, the term “full package supplier” might be used instead of OEM.
1906 Table A
Authors: French Derek 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
1906 Table A provides the default articles of association for a company limited by shares2 registered from 1 October 19063 to 31 March 1909.4 In addition, all or any of the regulations contained in 1906 Table A could be adopted in the articles of association of any company registered from 1 October 1906 to 31 March 1909.5 A model form of memorandum for a company limited by shares registered from 1 October 1906 to 31 March 1909 was set out in the Companies Act 1862, sch 2, Form A.6 From 1 October 1906 to 31 March 1909, on the registration of an existing non-Companies Acts company under the Companies Act 1862, part 7 (ss 179–198), as a company limited by shares, its existing constitution was treated as its memorandum and articles of association, and 1906 Table A did not apply unless adopted by special resolution.7 From 1 October 1906 to 31 March 1909, the re-registration of a company under the Companies Act 1879, s 4, as a company limited by shares, took place in the same manner and had the same effect as if it were the first registration of the company,8 and so 1906 Table A would be the default articles of association.9
2004 RTM Wales
Authors: French Derek 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When this book went to press it was not known how the enactments relating to the constitutions of RTM companies would be amended to take account of provisions of the Companies Act 2006 due to come into force on 1 October 2009. A company registered in England and Wales or Scotland as a company limited by guarantee without a share capital must be a private company, because only a limited company with a share capital can be a public company.10 If an RTM company registered under the Companies Act 1985 is still in existence on 1 October 2009, or is registered on or after that day, the provisions of its memorandum which would not be required by the Companies Act 2006, s 8, to be in the memorandum of a company registered under the 2006 Act, are to be treated as provisions of the company’s articles.11
1948 Table D
Authors: French Derek 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
re-registered from 1 July 19483 to 30 June 1985.4 From 22 December 1980 no company can be formed as, or become, a company limited by guarantee with a share capital.5 It was contemplated in the Companies Act 1980, s 8(1),6 that a company could be registered as a company limited by guarantee with a share capital on or after 22 December 1980 if the application to register it had been made before that date. Re-registration of an existing company limited by guarantee with a share capital to change it from private to public or public to private also appears to be possible. In addition, from 1 July 1948 to 30 June 1985, the articles of association of any company could adopt all or any of the regulations contained in 1948 Table A, Part 1, or, from 1 July 1948 to 21 December 1980, 1948 Table A, Part2.7 From 1 July 1948 to 30 June 1985, on the registration of an existing non-Companies Acts company under the Companies Act 1948, part 8 (ss 382–397), as a company limited by guarantee with a share capital, its existing constitution was treated as its memorandum and articles of association,8 subject to the statutory requirement of being in accordance with 1948 Table D or as near thereto as circumstances admitted.9
Northern Ireland 1960 Table C
Authors: French Derek 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In addition, the articles of association of any company registered in Northern Ireland from 1 April 1961 to 23 September 1986 could adopt all or any of the regulations contained in Northern Ireland 1960 Table A, Part 1, or, from 1 April 1961 to 30 June 1983, Northern Ireland 1960 Table A, Part 2.4 From 1 April 1961 to 23 September 1986, on the registration of an existing non-Companies Acts company under the Companies Act (Northern Ireland) 1960, part 8 (ss 332–347), as a company limited by guarantee without a share capital, its existing constitution was treated as its memorandum and articles of association,5 subject to the statutory requirement of being in accordance with Northern Ireland 1960 Table C or as near thereto as circumstances admitted.6 The re-registration of a company under the Companies Act (Northern Ireland) 1960, s 16(1), from 1 April 1961 to 30 July 1979,7 as a company limited by guarantee without a share capital, took place in the same manner and had the same effect as if it were the first registration of the company,8 and so its memorandum and articles of association had to be in accordance with Northern Ireland 1960 Table C, or as near thereto as circumstances admitted.9
Republic of Ireland 1963 Table A, Part 1, and Table B
Authors: French Derek 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
defined in the Companies Act 1963 (Republic of Ireland), s 33,1 registered in the Republic of Ireland on or after 1 April 1964.2 The Irish-language version (Tábla A, Cuid 1)3 is the default if the company’s memorandum is in Irish.4 The default articles for a private company are provided by Republic of Ireland 1963 Table A, Part 2. As from 13 October 1983, a company which is not a private company is a public company.5 Republic of Ireland 1963 Table A, Part 1, is also, apart from arts 8, 24, 51, 54, 84 and 86, incorporated in Republic of Ireland 1963 Table A, Part 2. In addition, all or any of the regulations contained in Republic of Ireland 1963 Table A, Part 1, in either the English-language or the Irish-language version, can be adopted in the articles of association of any company registered in the Republic of Ireland on or after 1 April 1964.6 A model form of memorandum for a company limited by shares registered in the Republic of Ireland on or after 1 April 1964 is set out in the Companies Act 1963 (Republic of Ireland), sch 1, Table B,7 or, for a public company limited by shares registered on or after 13 October 1983, in the Companies (Amendment) Act 1983 (Republic of Ireland), sch 2, part 1.8
The Management of Research and Development
Authors: Dodgson Mark , Gann David , Salter Ammon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
R&D is a major source of rejuvenation and growth for companies, providing an important contribution to innovation and competitive advantage. Business invests heavily in R&D because expectations from it are so high. In 2004 the business sector spent over $350 billion on R&D in the OECD nations, accounting for over 69 per cent of their total R&D expenditures (NSB 2006). Real levels of US R&D corporate expenditures increased by 67 per cent in the decade up to 2004. Companies in industries such as pharmaceuticals and IT commonly spend over 10 per cent of their annual sales on R&D, which may constitute a significant proportion of a company’s activities.
Innovation in Operations and Processes
Authors: Dodgson Mark , Gann David , Salter Ammon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Innovation depends upon a firm’s ability to create new products and services and make and deliver them. For established firms this often involves adapting existing facilities and processes. For new start-up businesses and those existing firms that aim to deliver significantly new products and services, it means developing new operations capability. This chapter discusses the key MTI issues involved in successfully delivering new products and services to markets and customers. It focuses on the role of innovation in processes themselves, showing how process improvement delivers value and secures profitability.
Childhood asthma
Authors: Hasan Arshad S , Suresh Babu K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Asthma often starts early in childhood; however, it is difficult to differentiate asthma from transient, viral infection-induced wheezing at this age The principles of management of childhood asthma are similar to those of adult asthma, but important differences exist in the choice of drugs and inhaler devices Asthma follows a course of remission and relapse during childhood, but can improve in the teenage years in nearly 50% of asthmatics Asthma is more common in boys during childhood, but changes at the time of puberty mean that it becomes more common and more severe in women
Measure of change: The adjectival core of degree achievements
Authors: Kennedy Christopher , Levin Beth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Current theories of aspect acknowledge the pervasiveness of verbs of variable telicity, and are designed to account both for why these verbs show such variability and for the complex conditions that give rise to telic and atelic interpretations. Previous work has identified several sets of such verbs, including incremental theme verbs, such as eat and destruy; degree achievements, such as cool and widen; and (a)telic directed motion verbs, such as ascend and descend (see e.g., Dederck 1979; Dowty 1979, 1991; Krilka 1989, 1992; Tenny 1994; Bertinetto and Squartini 1995; Levin and Rappaport Hovav 1995; Jackendoff 1996a; Ramchand 1997; Filip 1999; Hay et al. 1999; Rothstein 2004; Borer 2005b ). As the diversity in descriptive labels suggests, most previous work has taken these classes to embody distinct phenomena and to have distinct lexical semantic analyses. We believe that it is possible to provide a unified analysis in which the behavior of all of these verbs stems from a single shared element of their meanings: a function that measures the degree to which an object changes relative to some scalar dimension over the course of an event. We claim that such “measures of change” are based on the more general kinds of measure functions that are lexicalized in many languages by gradable adjectives, and that map an object to a scalar value that represents the degree to which it manifests some gradable property at a time (see Bartsch and Vennemann 1972, 1973; Bierwisch 1989; Kennedy 1999b; Pinon 2005). In this chapter we focus on the analysis of degree achievements, which provide the first step towards this goal. As verbs for the most part derived from gradable adjectives, they most transparently illustrate the semantic components that we claim are involved in determining variable telicity.
J
Authors: Gabriel Yiannis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Jokes are linguistic phenomena of considerable interest. They can offer a safety valve in moments of tension, provide a welcome diversion from hardships, create camaraderie and solidarity, and unleash powerful emotions. Two particularly important emotions associated with jokes are mirth (or amusement) and hostility—nearly all jokes, with the exception of puns, are directed against a certain target or butt who becomes the recipient of ridicule and mockery. The butt may be a competitor, a client, a department, an employee, or the storyteller him- or herself. Like myths, stories, and rituals, jokes are elements of organizational culture, which offer insights into the feelings and desires of organizational members.
Categories that make finiteness: discreteness from a functional perspective and some of its repercussions
Authors: Bisang Walter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Functional approaches describe finiteness as a scalar phenomenon, while formal theories take finiteness as a discrete phenomenon. From the perspective of functional-typological findings, finiteness must be defined not in terms of an individual universal morphological property or parameter but rather in terms of a cluster of parameters (see Cristofaro, Chapter 4 above). These parameters then form the basis for establishing a scale for situating individual patterns of how finiteness is realized in individual languages (Givón 1990; Dik 1997a; Hengeveld 1998; Cristofaro, Chapter 4 above).
Remedies
Authors: Woolf Lord 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Abstract This paper provides an historical insight into the development of remedies that are available to litigants in the English legal system. It considers the declaratory judgment, damages, and injunctions, and explores how the courts not in favour of more judicial intervention into the activities of public bodies. Used efficiently and effectively, they can assist the court in maintaining a proper balance between protecting the public and allowing those who have the responsibility for governing us to govern. At the beginning of the first of these lectures I cited the passage with which Lord Denning concluded the first Hamlyn Lecture 57 years ago. That passage ended with these words:
Should the Media and the Judiciary be on Speaking Terms?
Authors: Woolf Lord 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Abstract This paper discusses the complex issue of reconciling the requirement in a parliamentary democracy of a free and independent judiciary with the need for a free and independent media. It supports the distinct roles played by the courts and the media to act as independent checks on the government that with a substantial parliamentary majority, and left unchecked, could yield immense power. It advises that the judiciary must not forfeit its independence in its dealings with the media; to do so could be extremely damaging to the public ‘s confidence in the legal system. It is in the interests of both the courts and media that they continue to be on speaking terms.
Are the Judiciary Environmentally Myopic?
Authors: Woolf Lord 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Abstract This paper discusses the development of environmental law in England, explaining that while it has an identifiable core, it has no clear boundaries. It considers the various proceedings that can be used to enforce environmental legislation and suggests that the existing situation is unsatisfactory. It recommends the establishment of a new environmental tribunal, or ‘one stop shop ‘, with general responsibility for overseeing and enforcing the safeguards provided for the protection of the environment. This, it concludes, could lead to faster, cheaper and more effective resolution of environmental disputes.
The International Role of the Judiciary
Authors: Woolf Lord 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Abstract This paper considers the transformation of the role of the English judiciary in recent times and its signifi cance internationally. It explains that it is necessary to improve the observance of the rule of law throughout the world, and supports judging that involves comparative analysis between different jurisdictions, particularly in the fi eld of human rights. It concludes by emphasising the importance of international cooperation between the judiciaries of different countries, and suggests that each country can do more to help other countries by providing appropriate training.
Monarch and politician, 1689–1702
Authors: Claydon Tony , Speck W A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As William tried to contain Louis in Europe he faced quite as difficult a challenge in maintaining English support for that containment. Unless he could preserve his new realm’s early willingness to counter French ambitions, his entire continental strategy would be in danger. English resources were vital to his military eﬀorts: England’s armed preparedness was essential to maintain any credible diplomatic pressure on Versailles.
Private man, public monarch
Authors: Claydon Tony , Speck W A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
William’s personal faith was profound if simple. At its foundation lay a deep piety which drove him to attend prayers at least once a day, to follow regimes of close spiritual self- examination, and to share in his wife’s effector to make the English court a more godly and chapel-centred institution. Upon this firm base the king’s religion rested on three principal pillars. First, he retained a basic belief in the Calvinist doctrine, plain worship, and presbyterian government of the Dutch Reformed church.
A Good Place for CHAT Activity Theory and MBA Education
Authors: Gold Jeff , Holt Robin , Thorpe Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, we are going to argue that activity theory, specifically the approach offered by Cultural and Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) (Engeström 2000), has an instructive role on MBA programmes. We base our argument on the following grounds. First, as a theoretical model CHAT embodies rather than represses the multiplicity associated with business life; secondly, it offers users a mode of engaging with practical concerns; and, finally, it allows MBA students to reflexively engage with their educative and wider organizational experience.
Experiencing a Collective1 Model of Doctoral Research Supervision
Authors: Jones Sandra 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The increasing number of candidates enrolled in doctorates (especially in the growing area of professional doctorates), in combination with industry demand for more relevant research into professional practice, is leading to growing recognition that university doctorates are ‘occupying a more central role, both institutionally and nationally’ (Neumann 2003: 4). This is resulting in wide-ranging discourse about the most effective form and structure of doctoral programmes to support candidates and lead to maximum output (completions).
Maximum Disorder Working Experientially with HRM and Business Studies Undergraduates
Authors: Thompson Jane , Lamping Tracy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this Chapter we discuss an experiential seminar activity entitled ‘Maximum Disorder’.1 We demonstrate how we encourage our students to gain an understanding of the complexity of ‘management’, thus affording them the opportunity to gain insight and skills, as they negotiate the social, emotional, and political aspects of managing/managerial work. Debate with regard to critical pedagogy in management education is now well developed. Transferring this into practice at the level of curricula, or what we term ‘critical pedagogy in action’, is less so.
Breast augmentation
Authors: Waterhouse Norman 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The decision to have breast implants has long-term implications.
Your surgeon should offer lifelong follow-up care.
Breast implants do not cause cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Not all breast implants are the same. Insist on the highest quality with a lifetime guarantee.
Cosmetic breast surgery consistently ranks as one of the most frequently requested procedures by women. Over a quarter of a million women in the USA and 30 000 in the UK undergo breast augmentation every year. Although the primary motivation is a desire for larger breasts, many women are looking for a more attractive breast shape or restoration for more youthful breasts after childbirth and breastfeeding.
Abdominoplasty
Authors: Waterhouse Norman 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There are many different procedures available depending on individual circumstances.
The operation may not be appropriate for patients who are overweight or have other medical problems.
Abdominoplasty has the potential to cause serious and even life-threatening complications.
Surgery should only be performed in a well-equipped hospital with highly trained staff.
A smooth, flat belly with a defined waist is an integral part of our perception of an attractive youthful body. Images of trim, muscular, bodies are everywhere, and used to market a variety of products from clothes to perfumes. Modern fashion trends have encouraged exposure of the belly and adornment with piercings.
Genioplasty
Authors: Waterhouse Norman 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Surgeons offering genioplasty should have expertise in the normal and abnormal features of the facial bones, including the jaws.
Suitability for chin augmentation must be determined by an expert analysis of the bones and soft tissues of the whole face.
Genioplasty is often performed with a rhinoplasty to improve facial balance. Chin implants, although popular and simple, may produce a range of short- and long-term complications.
Numbness of the lower lip is a possible complication of genioplasty. ‘Simple’ procedures such as the use of injectable fillers may only be temporary.
Genioplasty, properly performed, provides a predictable, stable, and natural result.
The Moral Reality of Human Rights
Authors: Tasioulas John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The elevation of the discourse of human rights in recent times to the status of an ethical lingua franca has fueled an unruly proliferation of incompatible or often just incredible rights claims. If human rights are not to fall victim to their own popularity, some principled way of distinguishing the genuine articles from the presumed spate of counterfeits is required. It is no answer to invoke the ‘human rights’ proclaimed as such in international treaties and declarations. To begin with, they lack the requisite universality: the instruments in which they are set out are often not legally binding and even those that are binding are not subscribed to by all states (or are subscribed to by many states subject to eviscerating reservations).
Extreme Poverty in a Wealthy World: What Justice Demands Today
Authors: Alegre Marcelo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this essay I defend the validity of a human rights approach to the problem of global poverty, emphasizing one characteristic of the prevailing indifference toward extreme deprivation—its gratuitousness. Some of the predominant views about the problem are based on obsolete factual assumptions (that poverty eradication is impossible or very costly). Removing these false assumptions is an important part of a pro-poor strategy. I briefly expose some of the reservations that the UN Millennium Goals provoke from a human rights perspective, both for their wording and their substantial omissions.