bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Physics-Informed General Convolutional Network for the Computational Modeling of Materials With Damage
Authors: Janssen Jake A. , Haikal Ghadir , DeCarlo Erin C. , Hartnett Michael J. , Kirby Matthew L. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Despite their effectiveness in modeling complex phenomena, the adoption of machine learning (ML) methods in computational mechanics has been hindered by the lack of availability of training datasets, limitations on the accuracy of out-of-sample predictions, and computational cost. This work presents a physics-informed ML approach and network architecture that addresses these challenges in the context of modeling the behavior of materials with damage. The proposed methodology is a novel physics-informed general convolutional network (PIGCN) framework that features (1) the fusion of a dense edge network with a convolutional neural network (CNN) for specifying and enforcing boundary conditions and geometry information, (2) a data augmentation approach for learning more information from a static dataset that significantly reduces the necessary data for training, and (3) the use of a CNN for physics-informed ML applications, which is not as well explored as graph networks in the current literature. The PIGCN framework is demonstrated for a simple two-dimensional, rectangular plate with a hole or elliptical defect in a linear-elastic material, but the approach is extensible to three dimensions and more complex problems. The results presented in this article show that the PIGCN framework improves physics-based loss convergence and predictive capability compared to ML-only (physics-uninformed) architectures. A key outcome of this research is the significant reduction in training data requirements compared to ML-only models, which could reduce a considerable hurdle to using data-driven models in materials engineering where material experimental data are often limited.
Effect Mechanism of Ambient Air Parameters on the Thermal Performance for Cooling Towers
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhou Jun , Zuo Simeng , An Guangyao , Lang Jinhua , Yuan Wei 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
As the volume of natural draft wet cooling towers (NDWCTs) continues to increase, the influence of ambient air on the thermal performance of the NDWCT is not clear. Therefore, the main parameters such as gas–water ratio, circulating water temperature difference, and heat transfer in each zone were calculated, and the temperature field and humidity field were also investigated. The results showed that the ambient temperature had the greatest influence on the cooling capacity of the NDWCT and the increase of ambient temperature led the circulating water temperature difference decreases the most, which was 7.63 °C (74.15%). The increase of relative humidity and atmospheric pressure led to an increase in convective heat transfer and the decrease in evaporative mass transfer, while both the convective heat transfer and evaporative mass transfer reduced with the decreasing temperature. This study establishes a theoretical foundation for optimizing of the thermal performance and energy-saving design of NDWCTs.
Eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha (eEF1A) inhibits
Siniperca chuatsi
rhabdovirus (SCRV) infection through two distinct mechanisms
Authors: Meng Xian-Yu , Jiang Qi-Qi , Yu Xue-Dong , Zhang Qi-Ya , Ke Fei 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Rhabdoviruses are single-stranded, negative-sense RNA viruses with broad host range, several of which are important pathogens. Compared with the rhabdoviruses infecting mammals, host factors involved in aquatic rhabdovirus infection have remained largely unknown. In the present study, we report the roles of host eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha (eEF1A) on the infection of
Siniperca chuatsi
rhabdovirus (SCRV, genus
Siniperhavirus
), which is an important pathogen of mandarin fish. eEF1A was identified from SCRV nucleoprotein (N)-based affinity purified proteins. Further protein interaction and mutation assays proved that eEF1A interacted not only with the N protein but also the virus matrix protein (M), which relied on the N-terminal of eEF1A. SCRV infection and overexpression of N or M all stimulated the promoter activity of the eEF1A gene and, thus, upregulated its expression, whereas the upregulated eEF1A inhibited the transcription of SCRV genome. Mechanistically, eEF1A impaired the interactions between N and phosphoprotein (P), or N and N, which are important for the efficient transcription and replication of rhabdovirus. Meanwhile, eEF1A promoted the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation of the M protein, which relied on lysine 48 (K48) of ubiquitin. In addition, we showed that the ubiquitination degradation of M protein relied on C-terminal domain of eEF1A, but inhibition of the N-P or N-N interactions needs its entire length. Collectively, these results revealed two different mechanisms used by eEF1A to resist a fish rhabdovirus, which provided novel insights into the role of eEF1A in rhabdovirus infection and new information for antiviral research.

IMPORTANCE

Although a virus can regulate many cellular responses to facilitate its replication by interacting with host proteins, the host can also restrict virus infection through these interactions. In the present study, we showed that the host eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha (eEF1A), an essential protein in the translation machinery, interacted with two proteins of a fish rhabdovirus,
Siniperca chuatsi
rhabdovirus (SCRV), and inhibited virus infection via two different mechanisms: (i) inhibiting the formation of crucial viral protein complexes required for virus transcription and replication and (ii) promoting the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation of viral protein. We also revealed the functional regions of eEF1A that are involved in the two processes. Such a host protein inhibiting a rhabdovirus infection in two ways is rarely reported. These findings provided new information for the interactions between host and fish rhabdovirus.
Leptospira
transcriptome sequencing using long-read technology reveals unannotated transcripts and potential polyadenylation of RNA molecules
Authors: Xu Ruijie , Prakoso Dhani , Salvador Liliana C. M. , Rajeev Sreekumari 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Leptospirosis, caused by the spirochete bacteria
Leptospira
, is an emerging zoonosis that causes life-threatening disease in humans and animals. However, a comprehensive understanding of leptospiral RNA profiles is limited. In this study, we sequenced and analyzed the transcriptome of multiple
Leptospira
strains using Oxford Nanopore Technologies’ direct cDNA and direct RNA sequencing methods. We identified new operons, RNA molecules, and evidence of potential posttranscriptional polyadenylation in
Leptospira
transcriptomes. Some RNA molecules that had not been previously annotated could be potential sRNA or noncoding RNA molecules that play a role in gene expression regulation in
Leptospira
. Interestingly, the majority of the new RNA molecules identified in this study were not detected in the nonpathogenic
Leptospira
, suggesting potential virulence-related functions for these molecules. Overall, our study highlights the utility of Oxford Nanopore Technologies’s sequencing in studying prokaryotic transcriptome profiles and offers a tool to improve our understanding of prokaryotic RNA landscapes and polyadenylation. Nonetheless, the findings from our study also warrant that the presence of homopolymers of adenine bases in the transcripts may interfere with the interpretation of bacterial transcriptome profiles. Carefully designed experiments are needed to explore the role of the features described in this study in
Leptospira
virulence and pathogenesis.

IMPORTANCE

Leptospirosis, caused by the spirochete bacteria
Leptospira
, is a zoonotic disease of humans and animals, accounting for over 1 million annual human cases and over 60,000 deaths. We have characterized operon transcriptional units, identified novel RNA coding regions, and reported evidence of potential posttranscriptional polyadenylation in the
Leptospira
transcriptomes for the first time using Oxford Nanopore Technology RNA sequencing protocols. The newly identified RNA coding regions and operon transcriptional units were detected only in the pathogenic
Leptospira
transcriptomes, suggesting their significance in virulence-related functions. This article integrates bioinformatics, infectious diseases, microbiology, molecular biology, veterinary sciences, and public health. Given the current knowledge gap in the regulation of leptospiral pathogenicity, our findings offer valuable insights to researchers studying leptospiral pathogenicity and provide both a basis and a tool for researchers focusing on prokaryotic molecular studies for the understanding of RNA compositions and prokaryotic polyadenylation for their organisms of interest.
Prevention of child sexual abuse in the USA: a scoping review protocol of US legislative policies
Authors: Helpingstine Claire E , Murphy Catherine A , Merrick Melissa T , Klika J Bart 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionChild sexual abuse (CSA) poses a significant threat to the health and well-being of children in the USA and globally. Many states have introduced or implemented policies to address and prevent CSA, but little research has linked the effects of this legislation on the reduction of adult-perpetrated CSA. The objective of this scoping review is to identify US policies which aim to prevent CSA, explain the components of these types of legislation, review evidence of effectiveness, describe the populations included in the literature, and identify barriers and facilitators to the implementation of said policies.Methods and analysisThis scoping review will follow Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews and will use the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews Checklist. Sources of peer-reviewed evidence from January 2000 to July 2023 will be included. Relevant publications will first be searched in PubMed/MEDLINE database, then 25 other databases. The reference lists of included studies and high-yield journals will be hand searched. Articles which focus on the types of CSA prevention policies and their effects will be included. Studies must clearly demonstrate a connection between policies and CSA outcomes. Title, abstract, full-text screening and extraction will be completed by a team of three researchers. Critical appraisal of the included studies will be performed. Extracted data will be displayed in tabular form and a narrative summary will describe the results of the review.Ethics and disseminationThis scoping review will provide an extensive overview of legislative policies which aim to prevent CSA in the USA. Results of this review will inform future CSA prevention policies in the USA, particularly regarding policy development, evaluation and implementation. Results will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication.
Risk factors and health consequences of experiencing reproductive coercion: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Saldanha Susan , LaGrappe Desireé , Botfield Jessica R , Mazza Danielle 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionReproductive coercion (RC) describes behaviours that interfere with an individual’s reproductive autonomy and decision-making. RC can be a form of intimate partner violence and overlaps with other forms of gender-based violence, such as sexual violence. Health settings are well placed to identify and intervene to support patients experiencing RC, however, the lack of conceptual clarity on RC means that health providers are not easily able to identify those at risk of experiencing RC. To facilitate appropriate identification and development of interventions, there is a need to understand the risk factors related to experiencing RC and associated health consequences.AimTo assess the current scope of evidence in relation to risk factors and health consequences of experiencing RC.Methods and analysisEligible articles for inclusion in the scoping review will be original peer-reviewed literature that describe risk factors and health consequences of any type of RC. Studies on humans published in English since 2010 will be included. The proposed scoping review will be conducted in accordance with the JBI Methodology. This protocol is reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols. Five electronic databases, OVID Medline, CINAHL, Scopus, PsychINFO and Embase, will be searched for relevant literature from 1 January 2010 to 23 January 2023. Two reviewers will individually screen and review articles for eligibility, and conflicts will be resolved by a third reviewer. Data will be charted and reported using a tool developed for the purpose of this review.Ethics and disseminationFindings will be disseminated in publications and presentations to relevant stakeholders. Ethical approval is not required as data from publicly available literature sources will be used. Available evidence will be mapped across the breadth of eligible studies to identify associated risk factors and health consequences of RC.
Ocular motor disorders in children and adults with mTBI: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Theis Jacqueline , Chen Angela M , Burgher Allegra P , Greenspan Lynn D , Morgenstern Andrew , Salzano Aaron D , Yap Tiong Peng , Scheiman Mitchell , Roberts Tawna L 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionOcular motor function is susceptible to neurological injury because it requires a large portion of brain circuitry including every lobe of the brain, brainstem, thalamus, basal ganglia, cerebellum, cranial nerves and visual tracts. While reports of a high frequency of ocular motor dysfunctions after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) span multidisciplinary journals, there is no scoping review of the signs, diagnostic assessments and criteria, and appropriate management of ocular motor disorders post-mTBI. Post-mTBI ocular motor dysfunction has been reported to respond to active treatment. The objective of this scoping review is to map the available evidence on the diagnostic assessment and treatment modalities currently used in the management of mTBI-related ocular motor disorders in children and adults. This scoping review also aims to identify gaps in the current literature and provide suggestions for future research.Methods and analysisThis review will include populations with reported concussion and/or mTBI without restrictions on age, race, sex or time since injury. The review will evaluate the reported symptoms related to ocular motor dysfunction, types of assessments and diagnostic criteria used, reported treatments, and the level of evidence supporting the reported treatments. This review will exclude literature on brain injury of non-traumatic aetiology and moderate/severe traumatic brain injury. Ocular motor dysfunction after mTBI appears in journals across multiple disciplines. Thus, multiple databases will be evaluated including Pubmed, Embase, PEDro, OVID, Clinical Key, Google Scholar and REHABDATA. Literature will be searched from inception to present day. Evidence sources will include experimental study designs including randomised controlled trials, non-randomised controlled trials and interrupted time-series. Additionally, analytical observational studies including prospective and retrospective cohort studies, case series, cross-sectional studies and clinical practice guidelines will be considered for inclusion. Data will be extracted on clinical presentation, frequency, assessment, diagnostic criteria management strategies and outcomes of concussion and mTBI-related ocular motor disorders.Ethics and disseminationThis scoping review will use data from existing publications and does not require ethical approval by an institutional review board. Results will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed scientific journal and presented at relevant conferences and as part of future workshops with professionals involved with diagnosis and management of patients with mTBI.
LitCog Caregiver Cohort: a prospective, observational cohort study investigating US caregivers’ health literacy, self-care skills and cognitive function
Authors: O'Conor Rachel , Bonham Morgan , Opsasnick Lauren , Magnuson Grace , Yoshino Benavente Julia , Curtis Laura M , Morrissey Kwasny Mary , Wolf Michael 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionMany older adults receive assistance in managing chronic conditions. Yet complicating the utility of caregiver support is whether caregivers have sufficient skills to aid in a patient’s self-care. Health literacy and cognition are important determinants of older adults’ health outcomes, but few studies have examined caregiver health literacy, cognition and self-care skills and their relations to patient outcomes.Methods and analysisWe will expand an ongoing cognitive ageing cohort study (LitCog) to enroll a parallel caregiver cohort. Caregivers are eligible if they are (1) ≥18 years of age, (2) provided care for ≥6 months and (3) assisted with at least one activity of daily living, instrumental activity of daily living or health management task. Caregivers will complete interviews at time points corresponding with the LitCog participant interviews. Caregivers will complete assessments of health literacy, self-care skills, cognitive function, caregiver healthcare task difficulty, caregiver burden, caregiver self-efficacy, activation, technology use, busyness and routine and relationship quality. Caregivers will self-report the nature and intensity of care provided, and their own health status. Associations between caregiver presence and caregiver capacity with patient outcomes will be examined in a series of regression models, and mediating and moderating factors will be tested.Ethics and disseminationThe Institutional Review Board at Northwestern University has approved the study protocol (STU00026255). Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and summaries will be provided to the funders of the study as well as patients and caregivers.
Refining the provider payment system of India’s government-funded health insurance programme: an econometric analysis
Authors: Prinja Shankar , Bahuguna Pankaj , Singh Maninder Pal , Guinness Lorna , Goyal Aarti , Aggarwal Vipul 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivesReimbursement rates in national health insurance schemes are frequently weighted to account for differences in the costs of service provision. To determine weights for a differential case-based payment system under India’s publicly financed national health insurance scheme, the Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY), by exploring and quantifying the influence of supply-side factors on the costs of inpatient admissions and surgical procedures.DesignExploratory analysis using regression-based cost function on data from a multisite health facility costing study—the Cost of Health Services in India (CHSI) Study.SettingThe CHSI Study sample included 11 public sector tertiary care hospitals, 27 public sector district hospitals providing secondary care and 16 private hospitals, from 11 Indian states.Participants521 sites from 57 healthcare facilities in 11 states of India.InterventionsMedical and surgical packages of PM-JAY.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe cost per bed-day and cost per surgical procedure were regressed against a range of factors to be considered as weights including hospital location, presence of a teaching function and ownership. In addition, capacity utilisation, number of beds, specialist mix, state gross domestic product, State Health Index ranking and volume of patients across the sample were included as variables in the models. Given the skewed data, cost variables were log-transformed for some models.ResultsThe estimated mean costs per inpatient bed-day and per procedure were 2307 and 10 686 Indian rupees, respectively. Teaching status, annual hospitalisation, bed size, location of hospital and average length of hospitalisation significantly determine the inpatient bed-day cost, while location of hospital and teaching status determine the procedure costs. Cost per bed-day of teaching hospitals was 38–143.4% higher than in non-teaching hospitals. Similarly, cost per bed-day was 1.3–89.7% higher in tier 1 cities, and 19.5–77.3% higher in tier 2 cities relative to tier 3 cities, respectively. Finally, cost per surgical procedure was higher by 10.6–144.6% in teaching hospitals than non-teaching hospitals; 12.9–171.7% higher in tier 1 cities; and 33.4–140.9% higher in tier 2 cities compared with tier 3 cities, respectively.ConclusionOur study findings support and validate the recently introduced differential provider payment system under the PM-JAY. While our results are indicative of heterogeneity in hospital costs, other considerations of how these weights will affect coverage, quality, cost containment, as well as create incentives and disincentives for provider and consumer behaviour, and integrate with existing price mark-ups for other factors, should be considered to determine the future revisions in the differential pricing scheme.
Quality improvement initiative for a sustained increase in human milk donation during the hospital stay
Authors: Jain Suksham , Bansal Akanksha , Khurana Supreet , Chawla Deepak 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundThe demand for donors' human milk is much more than the availability of the same due to the myriad challenges faced during the collection process.MethodsBaseline milk volume donation done in a human milk bank facility located in tertiary care government institute in a low-middle income country was assessed. It was initially aimed to increase the absolute quantity of milk volume donation by 30% over a period of 6 months, which was subsequently continued following COVID-19 emergence (over another 12 months) along with a particular emphasis on the sustenance of milk donation activities.InterventionsCounselling of both the healthcare workers and stakeholders, standardising the timing of milk donation and other policies, equipment in proportion to demand and supply and addition of human resource were done as a multiprong approach to have sustained increase in human milk donation.ResultsThe median control line (MCL) showed a shift of 27.8%; from a baseline of 5032 mL to 6971 mL during intervention phase I comprising of five plan do study act cycles spread over a period of 6 months. During the sustenance phase I even though the monthly collection was non-uniform, there was a further 16% upward shift in MCL to 8122 mL. During the second intervention phase, each component of the Ishikawa diagram was worked on (people, policy, place, procedure) resulting in a more than 100% increase from sustenance phase I taking the MCL to 17 181 mL with an overall increase of 3.41 times from the baseline.ConclusionDedicated counselling and constant motivation have been conventionally considered as the utmost measure to increase milk volume donation in milk bank. Our study highlights the need to introduce scheduled timings along with sufficient equipment and manpower to overcome the shortage of milk donation in human milk bank facilities.