bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing Lung Function and Quality of Life in COVID-19 Patients: A
Pilot Study
Authors: Fekri Mitra Samareh , Salajegheh Faranak , Zadeh Rukerd Mohammad Rezaei , Nakhaie Mohsen , Bazrafshani Maliheh Sadat , Goharriz Fatemeh , Shahmoradzadeh Miri Mohammad Sadegh 
Published: January 2024

Background and Objective:
Respiratory complications of COVID-19 should be considered
as critical concerns that require prompt medical intervention. The aim of this study was to examine
the impact of COVID-19 on pulmonary function and quality of life among recovered patients
through a three-month follow-up period.

Methods:
This pilot study aimed to assess the pulmonary functions and quality of life in 32
COVID-19 survivors at Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman, Iran. Pulmonary functions were evaluated
using spirometry to evaluate FVC, FEV1, PEF, and FEV1/FVC. Quality of life was measured using
the SF-36 questionnaire, which evaluated eight health-related concepts. Statistical analysis
was performed using SPSS v23.

Results:
Among the 32 survivors of COVID-19, 41.6% and 59.4% were male and female, respectively.
The mean length of hospitalization for admitted patients (56.3% of all patients) was 10.89
days. Male survivors exhibited significantly lower values in FEV1 (3.06 vs. 4.05, p = 0.02), PEF
(6.45 vs. 10.58, p = 0.002), and FEF-25-75 (3.17 vs. 4.94, p = 0.008) compared to healthy males
of the same age. For female survivors, all pulmonary indices were significantly lower than healthy
females of the same age. Regarding quality of life, there was no statistical significance between
male and female survivors. However, when compared with healthy populations, survivors obtained
lower scores in various quality-of-life items. Male survivors had notably lower scores in
physical functioning (3.17 vs. 4.94, p = 0.008) and physical role (40.38 vs. 73.8, p = 0.008). Female
survivors scored considerably lower than the healthy population in all quality of life items,
except for role emotional and mental health.

Conclusion:
COVID-19 survivors had lower pulmonary indices and quality of life compared to
healthy individuals of the same sex and age, with female survivors exhibiting worse conditions.
Evaluation of Salivary Glucose and Salivary Cortisol in Association with
Periodontitis in People with Type II Diabetes: A Case-control Study
Authors: de Almeida Felipe Rodrigues , de Sousa Adelaine Maria , de Farias Barbosa Eduardo , Vajgel Bruna de Carvalho Farias , Cimões Renata 
Published: January 2024

Background::
The relationship between type II diabetes mellitus (DM) and periodontal
disease (PD) has been discussed in recent years and may vary according to the patient's location,
sex, age and family history.

Objective::
In view of this possible association between periodontitis and DM, this study aimed
to evaluate salivary glucose and salivary cortisol levels with periodontitis (staging and degree) in
people with type II diabetes compared to non-diabetic individuals.

Methods::
This was a case-control study, with 60 participants divided into two groups: DM2-
people with type II diabetes (n=30) and NDM- non-diabetic individuals (n=30). For both, a clinical
form and periogram were filled out, and blood samples (glycemia, glycated hemoglobin, and
cortisol) and saliva (glucose and cortisol) were collected.

Results::
The diagnosis of periodontitis was 100% in the DM2 group and 80% in the NDM
group. As for staging and degree, in the DM2 group, 70% of the participants were in stage IV
and 86.67% were in grade C, while in the NDM group, 58.3% of the participants were in stage I
and 70.8% were in grade A. Significant differences were observed for the following variables:
bleeding to probing and clinical attachment level. The laboratory data presented significant results
regarding serum glucose, salivary glucose, and glycated hemoglobin.

Conclusion::
Regarding the influence of salivary glucose and cortisol on periodontal status (staging
and degree), these had higher means in the DM2 group when compared to the NDM group.
An association of salivary glucose and cortisol levels with the periodontal condition presented by
type II diabetic individuals compared to non-diabetic individuals is suggested.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Tanzania. A Narrative Review of Epidemiology and Disease Trend
Authors: Chillo Omary , Mzokolo Irene , Peter Elizabeth , Malindisa Evangelista , Thabit Hassan , Tungu Alexander , Njelekela Marina , Balandya Emmanuel 
Published: January 2024

Introduction:
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is on a rapid rise in Tanzania, driven
by lifestyle modifications, nutritional changes, and increased obesity rates. This article reviews
the epidemiology, and disease trends of type 2 diabetes in Tanzania and explores the economic
implications and challenges in care, including policy, education, and healthcare systems.

Methodology:
The study employs a narrative literature review from research articles, local
healthcare reports, surveys, and public health records. It evaluates the economic impacts,
healthcare capabilities, and patient behaviors in managing type 2 diabetes in Tanzania.

Results:
The economic burden of diabetes in Tanzania is increasing due to direct healthcare costs,
lost productivity, and reduced quality of life, placing significant pressure on the already resourcelimited healthcare system. Treatment dropout rates are alarmingly high, and healthcare providers'
knowledge of diabetes is insufficient. Insulin and metformin availability are critically low. Cultural norms and dietary habits pose substantial barriers to effective disease management.

Conclusion:
The growing prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Tanzania presents a significant public
health crisis, necessitating comprehensive strategies for prevention, early detection, and effective
disease management. Priorities should include enhancing healthcare infrastructure, increasing
public investment, improving healthcare education, and tackling socio-cultural barriers to disease
management.
The Counteracting Effects of Ang II and Ang-(1-7) on the Function and
Growth of Insulin-secreting NIT-1 Cells
Authors: Lin Xiuhong , Wang Xiaoyun , Feng Weilian , Wan Yan , Chai Jiani , Li Feng , Xu Mingtong 
Published: January 2024

Introduction:
China now has the highest number of diabetes in the world. Angiotensin II (Ang II) causes insulin resistance by acting on the insulin signaling pathway of peripheral
target tissues. However, its effect on islet β-cells remains unclear. The possible role of Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] as an antagonist to the effects of Ang II and in treating diabetes needs to be
elucidated.

Objectives:
To assess the effects of Ang II and Ang-(1-7) on the function and growth of islet β
cell line NIT-1, which is derived from the islets of non-obese diabetic/large T-antigen (NOD/LT)
mice with insulinoma.

Methods:
NIT-1 cells were treated with Ang II, Ang-(1-7) and their respective receptor antagonists. The impact on cell function and growth was then evaluated.

Results:
Ang II significantly reduced insulin-stimulated IR-β-Tyr and Akt-Ser; while Ang-(1-7),
saralasin (an Ang II receptor antagonist), and diphenyleneiodonium [DPI, a nicotinamide adenine
dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) antagonist] reversed the inhibiting effect. Conversely,
Ang II significantly increased insulin-stimulated intracellular H2O2 and P47 phox, while
saralasin and DPI reverted the effect. Furthermore, Ang-(1-7) reduced the elevated concentrations of ROS and MDA while increasing the proliferation rate that was reduced by high glucose,
all of which were reversed by A-779, an antagonist of the Mas receptor (MasR).

Conclusion:
Angiotensin II poses a negative regulatory effect on insulin signal transduction, increases oxidative stress, and may inhibit the transcription of insulin genes stimulated by insulin
in NIT-1 cells. Meanwhile, angiotensin-(1-7) blocked these effects via MasR. These results corroborate the rising potential of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in treating diabetes.
Evaluation of Clozapine-induced Toxicities in Psychic Patients in Mental
Health Care Hospitals in the Southern Region of the Saudi Arabia
Kingdom
Authors: Alassiry Mohammed Zayed , Al-Jmaai Yazeed Hussein , Qhtani Ali Eissa , Almushafi Mohammed Ayed , Hassan Hassan Saeed 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Clozapine is a psychiatric medication that may cause various side effects,
some of them may be serious and fatal adverse effects, such as severe neutropenia, agranulocytosis,
lymphocytopenia, myocarditis, and orthostatic hypotension, that have been associated to an increased
risk of death.

Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate the serious and potentially fatal adverse effects of clozapine
toxicity in psychic patients at mental health care hospitals in the Southern region of the Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia.

Methods:
By using a survey, data were retrospectively collected from 193 adult psychic patient reports
who have been administrated clozapine with regular follow-ups, in mental health hospitals in
the Southern region of Saudi Arabia between 2019 and 2021. Then, these data are recorded and analyzed
Statistically using SPSS software, with suitable tests, and predetermined statistical significance
(p-value) of less than 0.001.

Results:
The occurrence of agranulocytosis, neutropenia, hypotension, and seizures showed a highly
significant correlation with higher doses of clozapine administration (i.e. p < 0.001). Similarly, agranulocytosis
and neutropenia were significantly associated with the occurrence of both hypotension and
seizures (i.e. p < 0.001).

Conclusion:
The collected data in this study showed an increased incidence of agranulocytosis and
neutropenia associated with clozapine-treated psychic patients in the Southern region of the Kingdom
of Saudi Arabia which warrants further clinical studies to find this correlation.
Association between Body Fat Percentage and Cardiometabolic Diseases in
General Population
Authors: Si Jiayi , Kang Lina , Liu Yihai 
Published: January 2024

Objectives:
The body fat percentage is an indicator of overall body fat related to metabolism
and inflammation. Our study aims to analyze the association between body fat percentage
and the risk of cardiometabolic diseases in the general population.

Methods:
This was a retrospectively cross-sectional study. A total of 5084 participants enrolled
from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycle of 1999-2004 were divided
into quartiles according to their body fat percent levels. The body fat percentage was measured
from bioelectrical impedance analysis. A history of cardiometabolic diseases, including cardiovascular
disease, hypertension and diabetes mellitus, was ascertained from questionnaire, physical
or laboratory examination. The association between body fat percentage and cardiometabolic
diseases was investigated using multivariate logistic regression.

Results:
Compared with the lowest quartile of body fat percentage, the multivariate-adjusted
odds ratio and 95% confidence interval of the highest quartile was 3.99 (1.58-10.88) for cardiovascular
disease, 1.08 (1.04-1.13) for hypertension and 3.08 (1.89-5.11) for diabetes. Body fat
percentage independently increased the risk of cardiometabolic diseases as a continuous variable.

Conclusions:
Higher body fat percentage level was associated with a higher likelihood of cardiometabolic
diseases, which could be a powerful predictive factor.
Cuspal Deflection and Marginal Integrity of Class II Cavities Restored with Bulk-fill Resin Composites
Authors: Duarte Renata Webster , Somacal Deise Caren , Braga Lauanda Rodrigues , Borges Gilberto Antonio , Spohr Ana Maria 
Published: January 2024

Objective:
This laboratory study aims to assess the cuspal deflection, adaptation, and marginal sealing of premolars restored with bulk-fill resin composites.

Methods:
Fourty-four premolars received class II preparations (distal and mesial boxes located 1 mm above and 1 mm below the cementoenamel junction, respectively). The teeth were distributed into four groups according to the resin composite used for restoration (n=11): G1 (control): Filtek Z250 XT; G2: Filtek Bulk-Fill; G3: Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill; G4: Aura Bulk-Fill. A digital micrometer was used to measure the cuspal deflection before and after the restorative procedures. Replicas in epoxy resin of the restored teeth were achieved before and after thermal cycles. The cervical margins were observed by SEM at 200x magnification to obtain the percentage of continuous margins (%CM). After thermal cycles, the samples were immersed in a silver nitrate solution, and the microleakage was analyzed in the cervical margins.

Results:
ANOVA showed no significant differences in the cuspal deflection and %CM among the resin composites. Student’s t-test showed a significant decrease in the %CM after thermal cycles for all resin composites at the cervical margin in dentin. There was higher microleakage at the dentin margin for all the resin composites.

Conclusion:
Bulk-fill resin composites had comparable behavior to a conventional composite in regard to the cuspal deflection, adaptation, and marginal sealing parameters.
Effect of the Diameter and Preparation Method of the Occlusal Screw Access Channel on Fracture Resistance of Cement-retained Implant-supported Posterior Monolithic Zirconia Crowns
Authors: Ahmadi Yasin Sheikh , Koodaryan Rodabeh , Hafezeqoran Ali 
Published: January 2024

Background:
The favorable fracture resistance of implant-supported crowns is important. Zirconia crowns can be an acceptable treatment in relation to metal‒ceramic crowns for achieving the best clinical success.

Objective:
The present study evaluated the effect of the diameter and preparation method of the occlusal screw access channel on the fracture resistance of cement-retained implant-supported posterior monolithic zirconia crowns for their retrievability.

Methods:
Fifty-six implant-supported posterior multi-layer monolithic zirconia crowns were designed. Twenty pieces with an initial occlusal channel were designed with 2.3 and 3.5 mm diameters (n =10 each). In addition, 30 pieces with an intact occlusal surface as the control group or the crowns in which the occlusal channel was prepared with a bur were designed in 10 and 20 samples, respectively. Six additional crowns were also designed for SEM evaluations after their preparation with a bur.

Results:
The maximum fracture resistance value was recorded in the control group, followed by the initial access channel group with a 2.3 mm diameter. The minimum fracture resistance value was recorded in crowns with a 3.5-mm diameter hole prepared with a bur. The mean fracture strength in the groups with a 2.3 mm diameter was higher than in groups with a 3.5 mm diameter (P<0.05). Cracks in samples prepared with a bur were seen under SEM.

Conclusion:
This study showed that using an initial access hole with a diameter of 2.3 mm is the best choice in hybrid implant-supported crowns. However, when it is necessary to prepare an access hole with a bur, it should be done with the smallest possible diameter.
Uncommon Restoration on Nonvital Premolar with Porcelain Inlay: A Case Report with Five-year Follow-up
Authors: ChebiL Mohamed , Ziada Saida , Gassara Yosra , Hadyaoui Dalenda 
Published: January 2024

Introduction:

In fixed prosthodontics, the old paradigm on endodontically treated teeth leads to more fragilization due to the architectural preparation needed for a full coverage crown. Endodontically treated premolars with class II defects are common in daily practice. When only one proximal surface is affected, direct adhesive restorations are the most used. The use of porcelain inlay is quite uncommon in this situation despite its advantages.

Case Presentation:

This article illustrates a clinical case of a 31-year-old female with healthy teeth except for the non-vital first maxillary premolar, presenting a class II mesio-occlusal cavity. The occlusion exam revealed functional anterior guidance and canine guidance on both sides during lateral mandibular translation. Based on mini-invasive dentistry principles, the decision was to restore the nonvital bicuspid with a porcelain inlay. Although scientific literature did not report restoration of the premolars with a ceramic inlay in clinical practice, this option was retained. The realization of a porcelain inlay was described step by step. A follow-up up to 5 years was done.

Results:
The iatrogenic tooth fragilization was avoided by a mini-invasive approach.
At the end of this follow-up period, there was no complication or complaint. The patient was satisfied with the final result.

Conclusion:

Porcelain inlay seems to be a good option to restore the occluso-proximal cavity on nonvital premolars in a context of a favourable occlusion. Porcelain inlay is respectful of the principles of minimally invasive dentistry and allows to achieve the objectives of function, aesthetics and biocompatibility. However, clinical studies should be conducted to investigate the longevity of porcelain inlay on ETPs.
Combination of Metformin and Laser against Head and Neck Cancer Cells In Vitro
Authors: Ebrahimi Ghasem , Abdolahinia Elaheh Dalir , Pouya Parnia , Jalili Bolhasani Amirabbas , Sharifi Simin , Dizaj Solmaz Maleki 
Published: January 2024

Introduction:
Metformin is a common drug for the treatment of diabetic patients. This drug has been shown to have anti-cancer effects. Metformin acts through the AMPK/mTOR pathway against cancer cells. We hypothesized that metformin, in combination with laser as photodynamic therapy (PDT), may increase cytotoxicity for cancer treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-cancer effect and mechanism of metformin combined with laser irradiation on head and neck cancer cells.

Methods:
The anti-cancer effect of metformin was evaluated using head and neck cancer cells (HN5 cells) and oral cavity normal cells (HUGU) cells in vitro. Cell viability and phototoxicity were assessed with the MTT assay. Evaluation of protein expression of p-mTOR and mTOR genes was evaluated with the western blot method.

Results:
The results showed that the toxic effect of metformin on HN5 cells was dose- and time-dependent. Metformin had significantly more cytotoxic effects on cancer cells than HUGU normal cells. The laser increased the cytotoxic effect of metformin in HUGU and HN5 cells significantly (p<0.05). Metformin down-regulated the level of p-mTOR/mTOR protein, and despite the decreased ratio of p-mTOR/mTOR, the laser has affected the performance of metformin on p-mTOR/mTOR.

Discussion:
In this study, we used the laser without using a photosensitizer, but the simultaneous use of laser light and metformin increased the lethality of metformin on cells, which requires further research to determine whether metformin itself is a functional photosensitizer.

Conclusion:
: This study introduces the combination of metformin and laser as a new anti-tumor treatment that needs further studies.
Spatial Association between Socioeconomic Factors, Physical Geographic Factors, and Suicide in Thailand
Authors: Poonsiri Naphalai , Laohasiriwong Wongsa , Puttanapong Nattapong , Mahato Roshan Kumar 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Suicide is a significant cause of death in many countries worldwide. In Thailand, it ranks second in unnatural deaths, following accidents, with an increasing trend. This study aims to 1) describe the spatial distribution of suicide rates and 2) identify the spatial relationships among socioeconomic status, physical geography and suicide rates during the years 2012–2021.

Methods:
This study sought to explain the spatial distribution of suicide rates across provinces in Thailand from 2012 to 2021. The spatial relationships were analyzed using LISA and spatial regression.

Results:
The result obtained from univariate LISA indicated a concentration of suicide rates in the northern region of Thailand for the period from 2012 to 2021. Spatial regression analysis using OLS, SLM and SEM demonstrated the relationships between suicide rates and various variables, such as divorce rates, poverty rates, elderly proportions and NDWI. These factors exhibited a positive correlation with suicide rates and were statistically significant. Conversely, the NTL density and average rainfall displayed a negative correlation with suicide rates.

Conclusion:
Our study observed that the distribution of divorce rates, poverty population proportion, elderly population proportion and the normalized difference water index were likely to be associated with enhancing the suicide rate. However, the intensity of average Night-Time-Light (NTL) was observed to reduce the suicidal rate. Therefore, these present findings can be utilised in the development of policy as well as strategies concerning surveillance, control and prevention of suicide in Thailand.
SIFAT KIMIA BIOCHAR PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT DARI NEGERI LAMA SEBERANG, KABUPATEN LABUHANBATU
Authors: Reynaldi Bayu , Septyani Ika Ayu Putri , Walida Hilwa , Rizal Khairul 
Published: January 2024

Oil palm fronds are waste products of oil palm plantations that are not utilized, yet oil palm fronds can be converted to biochar to improve soil fertility. This study aimed to analyze the chemical properties of the biochar generated from oil palm fronds. A pot experiment was conducted in Negeri Lama Seberang Village, Labuhanbatu District, Rantauprapat. The biochar formulation consisted of two formulations, i.e., A = pure biochar (biochar in its original form) and B = granule biochar (biochar + tapioca flour). Each biochar form was repeated five times to obtain ten samples. The results of biochar laboratory analysis were continued with statistical tests based on the dependent t-test at the 5% level using Microsoft Excel. The results showed that biochar granules had chemical characteristics such as organic C of 32.78%, N of 2.39%, P of 0.18, K of 0.75%, and pH of 8.07. These values showed that granule biochar has better chemical characteristics than pure biochar.
ANALISIS KAPASITAS INFILTRASI LAHAN PERTANIAN DI SUB DAS KALISARI, MALANG
Authors: Nita Istika , Ayuningtyas Priska , Prijono Sugeng , Putra Aditya Nugraha 
Published: January 2024

Watershed hydrological conditions can decrease due to changes in land use and inappropriate land management. One of the watershed functions is providing water availability for agricultural areas. Along with the increasing area of agricultural land, there is often the issue of water availability, which has implications for the low opportunity for plants to use it. Infiltration is the initial process of water entry into the soil, so the availability of water is greatly influenced by this process. Agricultural land in the Kalisari sub-watershed is dry land and is dominated by dry fields. The area of the Kalisari sub-watershed has an area of ±5,000 ha divided into 5 land uses, namely mahogany-coffee agroforestry, pine-coffee agroforestry, scrub, dry land, and paddy fields. Infiltration measurements were spread over 43 measurement points, with the observed parameters being texture, bulk density, porosity, permeability, aggregate stability, and soil organic matter. The infiltration rate for all land uses is very fast (>25 cm hour-1), ranging from 12.00 cm hour-1 to 74.37 cm hour-1. The infiltration rate for all land uses was not significantly different; this was in line with soil properties, which included texture, bulk density (0.61-1.02 g cm-3), porosity (51.02-68.06%), permeability (4.88–6.79 cm hour-1), aggregate stability (2.11–3.34 mm), and organic matter (1.61-4.06%). However, the infiltration rate at the study site had a significant relationship with clay (r = -0.77), sand (r = 0.64), silt (r = 0.52) and soil organic matter (r = 0.48).