bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrical‐Driven Directed‐Evolution of Copper Nanowires Catalysts for Efficient Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia
Authors: Luo Wenjie , Guo Zeyi , Ye Ling , Wu Shilu , Jiang Yingyang , Xu Peng , Wang Hui , Qian Jinjie , Zhou Xuemei , Tang Hao , Ge Yongjie , Guan Jia , Yang Zhi , Nie Huagui 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe electrocatalytic conversion of nitrate (NO3−) to NH3 (NO3RR) at ambient conditions offers a promising alternative to the Haber–Bosch process. The pivotal factors in optimizing the proficient conversion of NO3− into NH3 include enhancing the adsorption capabilities of the intermediates on the catalyst surface and expediting the hydrogenation steps. Herein, the Cu/Cu2O/Pi NWs catalyst is designed based on the directed‐evolution strategy to achieve an efficient reduction of NO3‾. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of the OV‐enriched Cu2O phase developed during the directed‐evolution process and the pristine Cu phase, the catalyst exhibits improved adsorption performance for diverse NO3RR intermediates. Additionally, the phosphate group anchored on the catalyst's surface during the directed‐evolution process facilitates water electrolysis, thereby generating Hads on the catalyst surface and promoting the hydrogenation step of NO3RR. As a result, the Cu/Cu2O/Pi NWs catalyst shows an excellent FE for NH3 (96.6%) and super‐high NH3 yield rate of 1.2 mol h−1 gcat.−1 in 1 m KOH and 0.1 m KNO3 solution at −0.5 V versus RHE. Moreover, the catalyst's stability is enhanced by the stabilizing influence of the phosphate group on the Cu2O phase. This work highlights the promise of a directed‐evolution approach in designing catalysts for NO3RR.
Bayesian meta‐analysis of phase 3 results of aducanumab, lecanemab, donanemab, and high‐dose gantenerumab in prodromal and mild Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Teipel Stefan J. , Temp Anna G. M. , Lutz Michael W. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONPhase 3 trials using the anti‐amyloid antibodies aducanumab, lecanemab, donanemab, and high‐dose gantenerumab in prodromal and mild Alzheimer's disease dementia were heterogeneous in respect to statistical significance of effects. However, heterogeneity of results has not yet directly be quantified.METHODSWe used Bayesian random effects meta‐analysis to quantify evidence for or against a treatment effect, and assessed the size of the effect and its heterogeneity. Data were extracted from published studies where available and Web based data reports, assuming a Gaussian data generation process.RESULTSWe found moderate evidence in favor of a treatment effect (Bayes factor = 13.2). The effect was moderate to small with −0.33 (95% credible interval −0.54 to −0.10) points on the Clinical Dementia Rating – Sum of Boxes (CDR‐SB) scale. The heterogeneity parameter was low to moderate with 0.21 (0.04 to 0.45) CDR‐SB points.DISCUSSIONHeterogeneity across studies was moderate despite some trials reaching statistical significance, while others did not. This suggests that the negative aducanumab and gantenerumab trials are in full agreement with the expected effect sizes.
Annihilation of electroweak dumbbells
Authors: Patel Teerthal , Vachaspati Tanmay 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We study the annihilation of electroweak dumbbells and the dependence of their dynamics on initial dumbbell length and twist. Untwisted dumbbells decay rapidly while maximally twisted dumbbells collapse to form a compact sphaleron-like object, before decaying into radiation. The decay products of a dumbbell include electromagnetic magnetic fields with energy that is a few percent of the initial energy. The magnetic field from the decay of twisted dumbbells carries magnetic helicity with magnitude that depends on the twist, and handedness that depends on the decay pathway.
Towards classifying the interior dynamics of charged black holes with scalar hair
Authors: Cai Rong-Gen , Duan Mei-Ning , Li Li , Yang Fu-Guo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The study of the interior of hairy black holes has received significant attention recently. This paper builds upon our recent analytical approach to investigate the internal dynamics of charged black holes with scalar hair in general spacetime dimensions. The geometries of these hairy balck holes end at a spacelike singularity. We investigate the alternation of Kasner epoch at later interior times and obtain the analytic expression for two kinds of transformation, namely Kasner inversion and Kasner transition. Moreover, we classify three different types of Kasner alternations for a large class of Einstein-Maxwell-scalar theory. Our analytical results are corroborated by numerical solutions to the full equations of motion, including a top-down model from supergravity. For general interactions, more complicated behaviors beyond our analytical description are also found and discussed, including the presence of non-Kasner epochs and the random change of the amplitude of the Kasner exponent at late interior times.
RFX4 is an intrinsic factor for neuronal differentiation through induction of proneural genes POU3F2 and NEUROD1
Authors: Choi Wonyoung , Choe Mu Seog , Kim Su Min , Kim So Jin , Lee Jiyeon , Lee Yeongun , Lee Sun-Min , Dho So Hee , Lee Min-Young , Kim Lark Kyun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractProneural genes play a crucial role in neuronal differentiation. However, our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms governing proneural genes during neuronal differentiation remains limited. RFX4, identified as a candidate regulator of proneural genes, has been reported to be associated with the development of neuropsychiatric disorders. To uncover the regulatory relationship, we utilized a combination of multi-omics data, including ATAC-seq, ChIP-seq, Hi-C, and RNA-seq, to identify RFX4 as an upstream regulator of proneural genes. We further validated the role of RFX4 using an in vitro model of neuronal differentiation with RFX4 knock-in and a CRISPR-Cas9 knock-out system. As a result, we found that RFX4 directly interacts with the promoters of POU3F2 and NEUROD1. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a set of genes associated with neuronal development, which are highly implicated in the development of neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. Notably, ectopic expression of RFX4 can drive human embryonic stem cells toward a neuronal fate. Our results strongly indicate that RFX4 serves as a direct upstream regulator of proneural genes, a role that is essential for normal neuronal development. Impairments in RFX4 function could potentially be related to the development of various neuropsychiatric disorders. However, understanding the precise mechanisms by which the RFX4 gene influences the onset of neuropsychiatric disorders requires further investigation through human genetic studies.
Adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the management of severe lower limb soft tissue injuries: a systematic review
Authors: Kwee Esmee , Borgdorff Marieke , Schepers Tim , Halm Jens A. , Winters Hay A. H. , Weenink Robert P. , Ridderikhof Milan L. , Giannakópoulos Georgios F. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Traumatic crush injuries of the lower limb often accompany severe complications. The incorporation of hyperbaric oxygen therapy to standard trauma care may have the potential to diminish injury-related complications and improve outcome in such cases. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the management of severe lower limb soft tissue injuries.

Methods
The electronic databases Medline, Embase and Cochrane Library were searched to identify studies involving patients with crush-associated sever lower limb soft tissue injuries who received hyperbaric oxygen therapy in conjunction with standard trauma care. Relevant data on type of injury, hyperbaric oxygen therapy protocol and outcome related to wound healing were extracted.

Results
In total seven studies met the inclusion criteria, involving 229 patients. The studies included two randomized clinical trials, one retrospective cohort study, three case series and one case report. The randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial showed a significant increase in wound healing and decrease in the need for additional surgical interventions in the patient group receiving hyperbaric oxygen therapy when compared to those undergoing sham therapy. The randomized non-placebo-controlled clinical trial revealed that early hyperbaric oxygen therapy reduces tissue necrosis and the likelihood of long-term complications. The retrospective cohort study indicated that hyperbaric oxygen therapy effectively reduces infection rates and the need for additional surgical interventions. The case series and case report presented beneficial results with regard to wound healing when hyperbaric oxygen therapy was added to the treatment regimen.

Conclusion
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is generally considered a safe therapeutic intervention and seems to have a beneficial effect on wound healing in severe lower limb soft tissue injuries when implemented as an addition to standard trauma care.
Auswirkungen vorgeschalteter Laborprozesse auf die Digitalisierung histologischer Schnittpräparate
Authors: Schwaibold Leander , Mattern Sven , Mählmann Markus , Lobert Leon , Breunig Thomas , Schürch Christian M. 
Published: February 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Viele Faktoren der Objektträger(OT)-Herstellung haben Einfluss auf Qualität und Datenmenge eines digitalisierten histologischen Schnittpräparates. Insbesondere die Reduktion von Verunreinigung sowie Auswahl des geeigneten Eindeckmaterials haben das Potenzial, Scanzeit und Datenmenge zu reduzieren.

Ziel der Arbeit
Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Objektivierung von Beobachtungen aus dem Prozess der Digitalisierung unseres Institutes, um den Einfluss von Laborprozessen auf die Qualität digitaler Histologiepräparate zu ermitteln.

Material und Methoden
Versuch 1: Einscannen von OT vor und nach Installation einer Mittelkonsole im Mikrotomiebereich zur Reduktion von Schmutz und statistische Auswertung der erhobenen Parameter. Versuch 2: Erneutes eindecken von OT (nach Abschluss der Diagnostik) mit Glas und Folie. Einscannen der OT und statistische Auswertung der erhobenen Parameter.

Schlussfolgerung
Die gezielte Umstrukturierung im Laborprozess führt zu einer Reduktion von OT-Kontaminationen. Dies bewirkt eine signifikante Reduktion der Datenmenge und Scanzeit von digitalisierten Schnitten. Folie als Eindeckmaterial verursacht im Gegensatz zu Glas weniger Prozessfehler im weiteren Verlauf. Nach unseren Schätzungen führt dies zu deutlichen Kosteneinsparungen.
Selektive Vitalfarbstoffe in der Makulachirurgie
Authors: Mueller Severin F. , Siedlecki Jakob , Mueller Arthur J. 
Published: February 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Auf dem Markt existieren verschiedene Vitalfarbstoffe zur intraoperativen ILM-Identifizierung. Ziel dieser Untersuchung war die Überprüfung des Zusatznutzens dieser Farbstoffe zur Identifizierung der ILM und der Schwierigkeit des ILM-Peelings während Pars-plana-Vitrektomien (ppV) bei einem einzelnen, in dieser Operation sehr erfahrenen Operateur.

Material und Methoden
Es wurden retrospektiv 400 ppV-Operationsberichte mit ILM-Peeling analysiert. Die intraoperative Einschätzung der Identifizierung und Schwierigkeit des intraoperativen ILM-Peelings mussten im OP-Bericht dokumentiert sein. Die Gesamtgruppe bestand aus 2 Kohorten mit je 200 Operationsberichten (1. Kohorte ohne selektive Vitalfarbstoffe, Zeitraum: 2004 bis 2006; 2. Kohorte mit Vitalfarbstoffen in der Mehrzahl der ppVs, Zeitraum: 2013 bis 2020).

Ergebnisse
Der Unterschied zwischen beiden Gruppen in Bezug auf die intraoperative Identifizierung der ILM war statistisch signifikant (p < 0,001). Jedoch wurde kein statistisch signifikanter Unterschied (p = 0,951) zwischen den beiden Gruppen in Bezug auf die Schwierigkeit des ILM-Peelings festgestellt. In der logistischen Regressionsanalyse waren weder das Geschlecht noch das Alter der Patienten, die Augenseite, der Linsenstatus oder der Status der hinteren Glaskörpergrenzmembran signifikant mit der ILM-Identifizierung assoziiert.

Diskussion
Die Einführung selektiver Vitalfarbstoffe stellt einen entscheidenden Fortschritt in der Netzhautchirurgie dar. In der untersuchten Stichprobe wurde dieser Vorteil anhand zweier exakt definierter Operationskohorten eines einzelnen sehr erfahrenen Operateurs evident. Dies unterstreicht den Zusatznutzen der Anwendung von selektiven Vitalfarbstoffen zur Identifizierung der ILM in der Makulachirurgie bei weniger erfahrenen Operateuren.
Ethnic disparities in pediatric appendicitis: the impact of hispanic ethnicity on presentation, complications, and postoperative outcomes
Authors: Chidiac Charbel , Liu Olivia , Gorijavolu Rahul , Rhee Daniel S. , Garcia Alejandro V. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Our study investigates ethnic disparities in pediatric appendicitis, focusing on the impact of Hispanic ethnicity on presentation, complications, and postoperative outcomes.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis of pediatric patients undergoing appendectomy for acute appendicitis from 2015 to 2020 using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program-Pediatric database. We compared 30-day postoperative complications, postoperative length of stay, and postoperative interventions between Hispanic and non-Hispanic White patients.

Results
65,976 patients were included, of which 23,462 (35.56%) were Hispanic and 42,514 (64.44%) non-Hispanic White. Hispanic children were more likely to present to the hospital with complicated appendicitis (31.75% vs. 25.15%, P < 0.0001) and sepsis (25.22% vs. 19.02%, P < 0.0001) compared to non-Hispanic White. Hispanics had higher rates of serious complications (4.06% vs. 3.55%, P = 0.001) but not overall complications (5.37% vs. 5.09%, P = 0.12). However, after multivariate analysis, Hispanic ethnicity was not associated with an increased rate of serious postoperative complications (OR 0.93, CI 0.85–1.01, P = 0.088); it was associated with less overall complications (OR 0.88, CI 0.81–0.96, P = 0.003) but a longer postoperative length of stay (OR 1.09, CI 1.04–1.14, P < 0.0001).

Conclusion
Hispanic children are more likely to present with complicated appendicitis, contributing to increased postoperative complications. Notably, upon adjustment for the impact of complicated appendicitis, our findings suggest potentially favorable outcomes for Hispanic ethnicity. This emphasizes the need to understand delays in presentation to improve outcomes in the Hispanic population.
Estimating the minimal clinically important difference of shoulder functional scores after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: a prospective study
Authors: Mukadam Aditya A , Nayak Shalini , Willems Jaap , Pandey Vivek 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction
The minimal clinically important difference (MCID) is a valuable tool for patient-based outcome analysis, for which limited data is available in the literature, especially after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR). Although several studies have reported MCID after ARCR, few have studied the impact of various clinical factors such as Diabetes, pseudoparalysis, type of cuff repair, and retear over MCID. This study attempts to determine the MCID in shoulder functional scores after ARCR and the impact of various factors on MCID.

Methods
144 patients undergoing ARCR were prospectively evaluated at six and 12 months by ASES and UCLA scores. MCID for American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) and the University of California and Los Angeles (UCLA) scores were calculated using an anchor-based and distribution-based approach. MCID was also calculated for diabetic and non-diabetic patients, smokers vs. non-smokers, presence or absence of pseudoparalysis, type of cuff repair (single row vs. suture bridge), and presence of retears. Uni- and multivariate analysis was performed to identify factors affecting the MCID of both scores.

Results
Mean MCID for ASES score was 13.3 and 16.6 using an anchor-based and distribution-based approach, respectively. For the UCLA score, the mean MCID was 10.0 and 12.6 by anchor-based and 12.6 by distribution-based approach, respectively. Patients with higher pre-operative ASES scores demonstrated lower MCID values. No significant difference was observed in MCID scores of diabetic vs. non-diabetic patients, smoker vs. non-smoker, patients with or without pseudoparalysis, and type of cuff repair. The age, gender, and presence of retear did not affect MCID values.

Conclusion
This study establishes the MCID values of ASES and UCLA scores for rotator cuff repair by anchor and distribution methods. No patient or surgical factors appear to affect the MCID except pre-operative ASES scores.

Study design
Prospective cohort, Level II.
Identification of vagal afferent nerve endings in the mouse colon and their spatial relationship with enterochromaffin cells
Authors: Spencer Nick J. , Kyloh Melinda A. , Travis Lee , Hibberd Timothy J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUnderstanding how the gut communicates with the brain, via sensory nerves, is of significant interest to medical science. Enteroendocrine cells (EEC) that line the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract release neurochemicals, including the largest quantity of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). How the release of substances, like 5-HT, from enterochromaffin (EC) cells activates vagal afferent nerve endings is unresolved. We performed anterograde labelling from nodose ganglia in vivo and identified vagal afferent axons and nerve endings in the mucosa of whole-mount full-length preparations of mouse colon. We then determined the spatial relationship between mucosal-projecting vagal afferent nerve endings and EC cells in situ using 3D imaging. The mean distances between vagal afferent nerve endings in the mucosa, or nearest varicosities along vagal afferent axon branches, and the nearest EC cell were 29.6 ± 19.2 μm (n = 107, N = 6) and 25.7 ± 15.2 μm (n = 119, N = 6), respectively. No vagal afferent endings made close contacts with EC cells. The distances between EC cells and vagal afferent endings are many hundreds of times greater than known distances between pre- and post-synaptic membranes (typically 10–20 nm) that underlie synaptic transmission in vertebrates. The absence of any close physical contacts between 5-HT-containing EC cells and vagal afferent nerve endings in the mucosa leads to the inescapable conclusion that the mechanism by which 5-HT release from ECs in the colonic mucosa occurs in a paracrine fashion, to activate vagal afferents.
Facing life-threat during youth: a qualitative study on challenges, coping, and needs among adolescents and young adults with cancer
Authors: Wilharm Carolin , Pralong Anne , Weiss Mara , Hallek Michael , Voltz Raymond , Tuchscherer Armin , Simon Steffen T. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
While the unique situation of adolescents and young adults with cancer (AYAs) has become the focus of research and clinical practice, little is known about how they deal with the threat to life at a curative stage. The aim of this study was to obtain insight into the challenges, coping strategies, and needs of AYAs regarding the life-threatening nature of their diseases.

Methods
Face-to-face in-depth interviews were conducted with patients who were 18–39 years old at diagnosis. The interviews took place 2–5 years after their diagnosis. Patients who were still undergoing treatment or who were suspected of recurrence were excluded. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using qualitative content analysis.

Results
Fifteen patients (mean age 27.33 years, nine females) were interviewed in a large comprehensive cancer center in Germany. Before diagnosis, AYAs had not faced their own mortality and had little experience with cancer. The sudden confrontation with a life-threatening disease and therapy, as well as experiencing the death of other AYAs, challenged them. Fear, particularly regarding recurrence and death, and the loss of trust in their own bodies were the major emotions that continued to limit them even after the end of treatment. For mothers, concern of leaving their young children alone was paramount. Coping strategies frequently mentioned were hope, avoidance, self-soothing, and valuing the experience as a chance. Health care professionals were expected to be reassuring, motivating, and open and to provide honest information based on individual and current needs.

Conclusion
AYAs appear to cope with life-threats similarly to older patients but have additional unique challenges, including inexperience with life-threatening diseases and responsibility for young children. More research is needed in this area, although it is already evident that AYAs need honest and reassuring communication regarding the life-threat during any curable phases of their disease.
Trial registration number DRKS00030277; September 27, 2022 (German Clinical Trials Register).
Unmet non-medical needs of cancer patients in Poland: a quantitative and qualitative study
Authors: Osowiecka Karolina , Szwiec Marek , Dolińska Anna , Gwara Anna , Kurowicki Marcin , Kołb-Sielecki Jarosław , Działach Eliza , Radecka Weronika , Nawrocki Sergiusz , Rucińska Monika 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Cancer itself and its treatment have a multifaceted impact on patients’ daily lives. The aim of the study was to determine unmet non-medical needs among Polish cancer patients.

Methods
Survey research using a 23-item Needs Evaluation Questionnaire (NEQ) was carried out among 1062 cancer patients from different regions of Poland. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed.

Results
The quantitative analysis showed that 48% of the NEQ items (11/23) were expressed as unmet needs by at least half of patients. Unmet information needs were indicated by patients most often: information about their diagnosis, exams, treatment, future condition, funding and economic support. Cancer patients would like to get more attention from medical staff. Unmet needs were most frequently expressed by respondents who were men, with a lower level of education, living in village, pensioners. Qualitative analysis showed that each need may be understood in a variety of different ways across the cohort. Some patients added comments that the completing NEQ helped them to notice their non-medical needs.

Conclusion
Polish cancer patients have some unmet non-medical needs, especially informative needs.