bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling of multi-energy systems of residential buildings with Calliope and validation of results
Authors: Schilt U , Linder E , Meyer M , Schneeberger S , Melillo A , Roos P , Schuetz P 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Given the current and future importance of energy availability in the residential sector, there is great interest in reducing and optimising the energy consumption of single and multi-family houses. An energy system consisting of solar PV, heat pump, and battery and thermal storage can reduce electricity grid dependence by maximising the use of renewable energy. However, creating a model for such a multi-energy system can be challenging due to the need for detailed input data and high computational cost. This study aimed to develop a simpler model with short computation times and sufficient accuracy by employing a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) method based on the modelling framework Calliope, allowing the investigation of optimal operation regarding energy consumption and autarky. The results of a model simulation were compared to measurements acquired at a pilot site of a residential building in an alpine region of Switzerland. The results show good agreement between the model and pilot site for PV self-consumption (-5%), grid-export (+3%), and battery usage (-2%), whereas larger discrepancies were observed for the utilisation of the thermal storage (-78%). With the necessary modifications the developed model will be useful in estimating the feasibility and impact of multi-energy systems in residential buildings.
Data-driven modeling of heat pumps and thermal storage units for MPC
Authors: Brandes M , Cai H , Vivian J , Croci L , Heer P , Smith R 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Heat pumps can play a crucial role in the European energy strategy 2050, which aims to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emissions. When coupled with thermal energy storage and integrated with advanced control strategies, heat pump operation can be optimized to reduce carbon footprint and respond to the needs of system operators. However, to scale in a multitude of buildings, the transferability of the modeling into heterogeneous systems is crucial. In this paper, two different interpretable linear models, a hybrid (grey-box) and a fully data-driven (black-box) model are investigated. Specifically, two regression-based identification methods (SINDYc and DMDc) are used for dynamic models and the LASSO regression is used for static models. The transferability of the approach is evaluated using two real-world facilities with heterogeneous sizing and configuration. The results show a similar simulation performance for both cases with a maximum normalized RMSE of 0.41 and 0.60, respectively. This confirms the transferability of the approach that is necessary for large-scale implementation.
Energy Performance Certificate Estimation at Large Scale Based on Open Data
Authors: Montet Frédéric , Pongelli Alessandro , Schwab Stefanie , Devaux Mylène , Jusselme Thomas , Hennebert Jean 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper presents an innovative methodology for enhancing energy efficiency assessment procedures in the built environment, with a focus on the Switzerland’s Energy Strategy 2050. The current methodology necessitates intensive expert surveys, leading to substantial time and cost implications. Also, such a process can’t be scaled to a large number of buildings.
Using machine learning techniques, the estimation process is augmented and exploit open data resources. Utilizing a robust dataset exceeding 70’000 energy performance certificates (CECB), the method devises a two-stage ML approach to forecast energy performance. The first phase involves data reconstruction from online repositories, while the second employs a regression algorithm to estimate the energy efficiency.
The proposed approach addresses the limitations of existing machine learning methods by offering finer prediction granularity and incorporating readily available data. The results show a commendable degree of prediction accuracy, particularly for single-family residences. Despite this, the study reveals a demand for further granular data, and underlines privacy concerns associated with such data collection. In summary, this investigation provides a significant contribution to the enhancement of energy efficiency assessment methodologies and policy-making.
Determine the heat demand of existing buildings with machine learning
Authors: Hofmann Joachim Werner , Amoser Christian , Geissler Achim , Hall Monika 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The renovation rate of existing buildings plays a major role in the Swiss Energy Strategy 2050+. To increase this rate, there must be a simple and cost-effective method to determine the heat demand of existing buildings. In this paper, the generation of such a method, based on the Swiss cantonal building energy certificate (GEAK) database with the help of machine learning (ML), is studied. The aim of the project was to develop a ML model which allows the heat demand of existing buildings to be determined quickly with a minimal set of parameters. The comparison of the GEAK building envelope class for single family houses calculated with the new ML model and the original GEAK classes shows that approximately 62 % have the same class, 32 % differ by one class and 6 % by two classes. The ML model is a good starting point for further refinements and developments.
A Review and Analysis of Energy Systems Planning Models and Tools for Renewable Energy Integration in Cities
Authors: Yazdanie M , Orehounig K 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This review study evaluates a range of urban energy system planning models/tools (UEPMs) with respect to their capabilities to consider, identify, integrate and scale up renewable energy technology (RET) deployment in cities. Working with local stakeholders, we define twenty weighted evaluation criteria in order to assess UEPM capabilities using a multi-criteria decision analysis approach. We then discuss the top-ranking UEPMs in the context of our aims. We also survey and interview UEPM practitioners and experts in order to gain a better understanding of their needs, challenges and perceived barriers in the field. The outcomes of this work are useful for both UEPM users and researchers in order to improve the uptake and application of UEPMs by decision-makers to develop sustainable energy plans.
Next generation of heat pumps for buildings based on thermoelectricity integrated with smart grids
Authors: Díaz de Garayo S , Ciria R , Fernández M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper proposes a HVAC system that integrates a novel thermoelectric heat pump with a double flux ventilation system and a sensible heat recovery unit able to provide heating, cooling and ventilation to a 74.3m2 pilot passive house in Pamplona (Spain). The heat pump has been previously prototyped and analysed in the laboratory, showing COPs ranging 1.5-4 for heating and 0.5-2 for cooling. This study investigates the energy performance of the combined system (heat pump and ventilation unit) and the comfort conditions of the dwelling one year long, showing the advantages of this technology and the potential integration with PV based building-level smart-grids.
Development of design calculations for radiant ceiling panels incorporating phase change materials (PCMs)
Authors: Švarcová E , Shinoda J , Bogatu D I , Kazanci O B , Petráš D , Olesen B W 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Thermally active building systems (TABS) show significant benefits such as providing peak load shifting, peak load reductions, and energy savings. Phase change material (PCM) applications with water circulation have benefits similar to TABS, but PCMs can store more heat per unit volume than concrete due to the latent heat exchange. Radiant panels with PCM can be applied in building retrofit, which gives this application a significant advantage compared to TABS. A design methodology for determining heat flux does not exist though for dimensioning a radiant ceiling system that incorporates PCM. Design methods according to standards for TABS – ISO 11855-2 and for radiant panels – ISO 18566-3 were investigated. Five radiant ceiling panels incorporating PCM were selected from Denmark, Canada, Germany, the Czech Republic and Latvia. The resulting heat flux between the panel and conditioned space, i.e. the room, following methods represented in the standards, were compared with the measured or simulated values reported in the literature. The comparison showed that the calculation for TABS (ISO 11855-2) led to similar results to the measured or simulated values.
Energyplus model of double skin façade and diffuse ceiling ventilation
Authors: Hu Y , Larsen O K , Zhang C , Larsen T S 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper introduces an Energyplus model to combine the double skin façade and diffuse ceiling ventilation systems with weather-adjusted dynamic control for both heating and cooling purposes. The proposed Energyplus model is validated with measurement data for both the heating mode and cooling mode. The double skin façade, diffuse ceiling, and the room are modeled as different thermal zones in Energyplus. The ventilation between the adjacent zones is controlled by zone ventilation and zone mixing. The cooling mode of the double skin façade is modeled by wind and stack. An energy management system (EMS) controls the ventilation modes based on outdoor conditions and indoor air temperature. The geometry of the model is identical to the experiment room in the façade lab facing south, with the same internal load and ventilation mode. The model results are then compared to the experimental data, including both heating mode and cooling mode for 4 thermal zones: The DSF zone, the DSF top zone, the diffuse ceiling zone, and the room zone. For heating mode, the average discrepancy of all 4 thermal zones between the model results and experimental data is 13,75%, while for cooling mode, the average discrepancy is 13.78%. The model performance of the room zone is the highest, which has a discrepancy of 5.31% for the heating mode and 3.67% for the cooling mode compared to the experimental data.
Exergy analysis on the low flow rate of solution in the atomization-based liquid desiccant system
Authors: Lee Soo-Jin , Cheon Seong-Yong , Kim Seheon , Kwon Taek-Don , Jeong Jae-Weon 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to analyse the proposed liquid desiccant absorber with low solution flow rate compared with the conventional packbed-type absorber. The total exergy destruction and exergy efficiency were estimated to assess the system performance. To determine the total exergy destruction and exergy efficiency, it was predicted that the specific thermal and chemical exergy in the inlet and outlet both air and solution side of the absorber. The results indicated that the average total thermal and chemical exergy destruction is 0.054 kW and 0.080 kW in the proposed system while it is 0.292 kW and 0.093 kW in the conventional absorber. The exergy efficiency is 0.573 and 0.114 on average in the proposed and conventional absorber, respectively.
Degradation-aware data-enabled predictive control of energy hubs
Authors: Behrunani Varsha , Zagorowska Marta , Badyn Mathias Hudoba de , Ricca Francesco , Heer Philipp , Lygeros John 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Mitigating the energy use in buildings, together with satisfaction of comfort requirements are the main objectives of efficient building control systems. Augmenting building energy systems with batteries can improve the energy use of a building, while posing the challenge of considering battery degradation during control operation. We demonstrate the performance of a data-enabled predictive control (DeePC) approach applied to a single multi-zone building and an energy hub comprising an electric heat pump and a battery. In a comparison with a standard rule-based controller, results demonstrate that the performance of DeePC is superior in terms of satisfaction of comfort constraints without increasing grid power consumption. Moreover, DeePC achieved two-fold decrease in battery degradation over one year, as compared to a rule-based controller.
Flexibility assessment of power-hydrogen-power (P2H2P) system in multi-energy districts
Authors: Koirala B P , Cai H , de Koning J , Heer P , Orehounig K 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Climate change mitigation plans and recent tension over gas supply generate significant incentives for reducing reliance on fossil fuels in the built-environment, with an increase in installing renewables and in electrifying the heating sector. However, the seasonal imbalance of energy supply and demand is expected to increase further. Sector coupling enabled through power-to-hydrogen-to-power (P2H2P) systems that include seasonal storage can partially mitigate this issue. In this work, a hydrogen-based multi-energy system is modelled with a mixed-integer linear programming based Ehub optimization tool. While results show that the P2H2P system is technically and spatially feasible and more flexible, its large hydrogen storage is associated with high costs and embodied carbon emissions. Finally, an outlook for P2H2P systems for integration into renewable-based systems is presented.
Evaluating the capabilities of a simplification algorithm for Urban Building Energy Modeling in performing building-level Multi-Objective Optimizations at district scale
Authors: Battini Federico , Pernigotto Giovanni , Gasparella Andrea 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Since Urban Building Energy Modeling and Multi-Objective Optimization require large computational resources, both could benefit of simplification techniques able also to make them more affordable to professionals. In this work, the capabilities of a simplification algorithm for urban scale application are assessed in the context of the optimization of energy efficiency measures for buildings. A group of buildings from different districts were selected along with a set of energy efficiency measures and four objectives, such as heating and cooling needs, thermal comfort, and costs. The performance of the simplification was assessed by using precision, recall and F1-score as metrics to check whether the simplified models could obtain the same optimal solutions as the detailed ones. Overall, the simplification produced adequate results with an F1-score greater than 0.8 for 85 % of the cases considered in all climates, allowing the simulation time to be reduced up to 15.7 times.
Development of an early design tool for the sustainability assessment of positive energy districts: methodology, implementation and case-studies
Authors: Brunetti A , Cellura S , Guarino F , Longo S , Mistretta M , Reda F , Rincione R 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The concept of Positive Energy District is one of the research ideas that embody the ambitions of decarbonization, renovation (both literal and in a wider perspective) and inclusivity for the urban environment portrayed in the EU activities. In this framework, the paper presents a modeling and simulation tool which allows for an early-design depth to be applied in the field of Positive Energy Districts renovation design and integrated performance assessment. The work aims at creating a tool for stakeholders and designers that would allow them to: a) Calculate carbon impacts along the life cycle for different technical systems and materials used for retrofitting; b) Compute use stage carbon emissions, including import-export of electricity; c) Computations of PED carbon emission balances, along the expected useful life of the district computing both embodied and the use stage carbon emissions. The tool has been created as a spreadsheet including typical profiles of energy use per building archetype, with the inclusion of available and free Life Cycle Assessment data within the life cycle carbon assessment and aims at jointly developing use stage and life cycle considerations. It was tested on a district case studies in the EU.
Effect of climate on the optimal sizing and operation of seasonal ice storage systems
Authors: Vivian Jacopo , Heer Philipp , Fiorentini Massimo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Seasonal thermal storage systems can reduce the temporal mismatch between renewable energy availability and energy demand. Ice storage systems exhibit a non-linear behaviour in the heat exchange and storage processes, complicating the formulation of optimal design and operation problems. In this work, we propose a mixed-integer quadratically-constrained programming formulation, which minimizes the Levelized Cost of Energy for space heating and cooling, including sizing of a supporting PV array. The optimization was repeated for different storage volumes, finding the system optimal operation in each case –and thereby the optimal system sizing. The heating and cooling demands were computed from an archetypal office building, placed in three reference locations with cold and semi-arid, warm and humid continental, and temperate and humid continental climates. Results show that the optimal PV size decreases with growing ice storage volume, and an ice storage works best in a temperate continental climate, covering up to 47% of the cooling demand with a 250 m
3 storage.
Optihood – a multi-objective analysis and optimization framework for building energy systems at neighborhood scale
Authors: Dimri N , Zenhäusern D , Carbonell D , Jobard X , Jacquot V , François A , Capezzali M , Fesefeld M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Strategic planning of future energy systems in a district is essential to fully exploit the benefits from sector coupling. In particular, new solutions may arise when a group of buildings is considered rather than individual buildings. Therefore, in order to identify optimal production and storage technologies within a district, new tools are needed. In this paper we present the open-source software framework optihood, which allows for multi-objective optimization and analysis of energy systems for neighborhoods. The tool assists researchers and, in a future stage, energy planners in the design of energy systems as well as in optimizing their operation strategy. After introducing the tool, its applicability is demonstrated with a case study, wherein we investigated the supply of a small neighborhood of four residential buildings with space heat, domestic hot water and electricity demands. The optimizer was allowed to consider heat pumps (geothermal/air-source), PV, batteries and hot water storage tanks as available technologies. We show comparisons between optimal solutions in terms of total annualized cost for the buildings considered (a) together as a group and (b) individually.
Identifying and monitoring the Urban Heat Island in the compact Mediterranean city using satellite imagery and in-situ measurement data
Authors: Palusci O , Laurino V , Barbieri V , Buccolieri R 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The combination of the Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon and the increased frequency and intensity of summer heat waves causes increased energy demand and consumption for air cooling and augmented thermal discomfort and heat-related morbidity and mortality in urban areas. This circumstance is particularly problematic in areas where a rise in the mean air temperature can be already observed, like the Mediterranean Basin. Although the UHI effect is a well-known phenomenon, a detailed investigation of the relationship between urban morphology and temperature distributions in actual compact Mediterranean cities needs further investigation. Therefore, the present study is conducted by employing satellite imagery and in-situ measurements to monitor the UHI phenomenon and identify urban hotspots in several cities in Italy. It should be noted that the selected cities differ in latitude, climate, size, altitude, and location, allowing the investigation of the relationship between urban morphologies, air, and surface temperature in different contexts. This paper reports the methodology developed to carry out ongoing research and some preliminary results.
Comparing different approaches to define shading control threshold via a new automatic building simulation platform
Authors: Chiesa G , Grasso P , Fasano F 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Active shading systems are essential to prevent heat gains in buildings and reduce the risk of overheating phenomena. The control logic must avoid overheating while allowing solar gains during heating hours. In general, smart control is based on a temperature and/or solar irradiation threshold; however, innovative informatics tools now allow optimising these thresholds based on specific building and climate characteristics. The paper presents a new building energy dynamic simulation platform used here to define optimal shading control thresholds for free-running and mechanically cooled spaces. Several shading control approaches are applied and compared, considering fixed hourly schedules, controls based on standard thresholds, and optimised thresholds with the tool. The analysis is performed considering the sole summer. The approach shows how the developed platform and the proposed methodology can optimise shading control thresholds, considering the specific building characteristics and the local climate conditions, consequently reducing energy needs or thermal discomfort conditions.
Examining the climate responsiveness of End-of-life photovoltaic (EoL-PV) integrated buildings
Authors: Rao R R , Mani M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Globally, 70-80 million tonnes of EoL-PV waste is expected by 2050. A large fraction of PV waste heading into landfills threatens the environment and human health. On the other hand, the rising need for building materials in developing countries is imminent. A hitherto untried solution is proposed to use EoL-PV panels as a building material to address this issue, and this approach will enable sourcing a low-cost, low-embodied energy building material. This work examines the climate responsiveness of a building adopting EoL-PV as a wall. A prototype building is commissioned, and a simulation model of the same building is created. EoL-PV, due to its lower thermal mass and high thermal transmittance, results in higher variations of temperature and RH. This may imply poor occupant comfort and requires modifications to the EoL-PV panel to be used as a building material, ensuring good thermal performance and occupant comfort.
From near real-time urban data to an explainable city-scale model to help reduce the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect
Authors: Eslamirad Nasim , Luca Francesco De , Yahia Sadok Ben , Lylykangas Kimmo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Urbanization is associated with increasing the temperature of urban areas and phenomena like the Urban Heat Island (UHI). The latter produces a sensible impact on people’s health, quality of life, urban liveability, and even the mortality rate. As a result, reducing high temperatures in cities will improve the quality of life in cities. Overall, the understanding of the relationship between UHI and urban features is not well captured due to a lack of accessibility to data and cost implications related to long-term monitoring and simulation processes. Machine Learning (ML) offers significant opportunities to develop approaches that lead to high accuracy in discovering the significant features of buildings and urban areas, improving the conditions of the inhabitants. The paper aims to describe how the actual spatial data of Tallinn, Estonia, were assessed and applied to build an Explainable ML-based model. The study outcomes include the ML-based models that help understand the importance of urban features and their value in developing strategies and solutions to mitigate the UHI effect. The study’s findings show that changes in the most important features of urban areas and buildings, such as the built area in the neighborhood zone and the area and orientation of buildings, play the most significant role in transforming an urban area from one with no UHI effect to one that experiences heat waves. The results provide essential information for urban planners who implement built environments.