bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ventrally emigrating neural tube cells migrate into the developing vestibulocochlear nerve and otic vesicle
Authors: Ali M.M. , Jayabalan S. , Machnicki M. , Sohal G.S. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractVirtually all cell types in the inner ear develop from the cells of the otic vesicle. The otic vesicle is formed by the invagination of non‐neural ectodermal cells known as the otic placode. We investigated whether a recently described cell population, originating from the ventral part of the hindbrain neural tube known as the ventrally emigrating neural tube (VENT) cells, also contributes cells to the otic vesicle. The ventral hindbrain neural tube cells were labeled with the fluorescent vital dye DiI or replication‐deficient retroviruses containing the LacZ gene in chick embryos on embryonic day 2, after the emigration of neural crest from this region. One day later, the labeled cells were detected only in the hindbrain neural tube. Shortly thereafter, the labeled cells began to appear in the eighth (vestibulocochlear) cranial nerve and otic vesicle. From embryonic day 3.5–5, the labeled cells were detected in the major derivatives of the otic vesicle, i.e. the endolymphatic duct, semicircular canals, utricle, saccule, cochlea, and vestibulocochlear ganglion. That the emigrated cells originated from the ventral part of the hindbrain neural tube was confirmed by focal application of DiI impregnated filter paper and with quail chimeras. It is concluded that, in addition to the otic placode cells, the otic vesicle also contains the ventrally emigrating neural tube cells, and that both cell populations contribute to the structures and cell types in the inner ear. It is well known that inductive signals from the hindbrain are required for the morphogenesis of the inner ear. The migration of the hindbrain neural tube cells into the otic vesicle raises the possibility that the inductive effect of the hindbrain might be mediated, at least in part, by the ventrally emigrating neural tube cells and that, therefore, a mechanism exists that involves cells rather than diffusible molecules only.
Antinociceptive effects of RB101(S), a complete inhibitor of enkephalin‐catabolizing enzymes, are enhanced by (+)‐HA966, a functional NMDA receptor antagonist: a c‐Fos study in the rat spinal cord
Authors: Buritova Jaroslava , Le Guen Stéphanie , Fournié‐Zaluski Marie‐Claude , Roques Bernard P , Besson Jean‐Marie 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe effects of the S enantiomer of RB101, a complete inhibitor of enkephalin‐catabolizing enzymes, alone or in combination with a functional NMDA receptor antagonist, (+)‐HA966 were studied on the spinal c‐Fos protein expression in the carrageenan model of inflammatory nociception. One hour 30 min after intraplantar carrageenan in awake rats, c‐Fos immunoreactive (c‐Fos‐IR) nuclei were preferentially located in the laminae I—II and V—VI of the spinal dorsal horn, i.e., spinal areas containing numerous neurons responding exclusively, or not, to peripheral nociceptive stimuli. RB101(S) (5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg i.v.) dose‐dependently reduced the total number of carrageenan‐evoked c‐Fos‐IR nuclei (r=0.63, P<0.01), with 49±3% reduction (P<0.001) for the highest dose. Two highest doses of RB101(S) (20 and 40 mg/kg) significantly reduced the number of carrageenan‐evoked c‐Fos‐IR nuclei in both superficial I—II (32±7% and 36±5% reduction, respectively, P<0.05 for both) and deep V—VI (42±6% and 61±2% reduction, respectively, P<0.001 for both) laminae. The effects of RB101(S) were naloxone‐reversible. Combination of low doses of RB101(S) (2.5 or 10 mg/kg i.v.) and an inactive dose of (+)‐HA966 (2.5 mg/kg s.c.) produced supra‐additive effects (39±4% and 51±5% reduction of the total number of c‐Fos‐IR nuclei, respectively, P<0.001 for both). These effects were partially reversed by naloxone. These results provide evidence for the potent effects of combination of RB101(S) and (+)‐HA966. Considering the absence of major opioid side effects of RB101(S) and the marked increase of its antinociceptive effects by NMDA receptor antagonist, this type of drug combination could have beneficial therapeutical application.
Experimental deep tissue pain in wrist extensors—a model of lateral epicondylalgia
Authors: Slater Helen , Arendt‐Nielsen Lars , Wright Anthony , Graven‐Nielsen Thomas 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe aim of this experimental study was to develop an in vivo model demonstrating sensory and motor interactions comparable to those seen in patients presenting with lateral epicondylalgia (i.e., deep tissue pain and hyperalgesia localised to specific sites in the wrist extensors, attenuation of wrist extension force). The effect of saline‐induced deep pain combined with delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) on deep tissue sensitivity and motor function in wrist extensors was examined. Muscle pain intensity (visual analogue scale: VAS), distribution, and quality were assessed in 12 subjects. Pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) were recorded at five different sites around the elbow. Maximal wrist extension force was recorded. In the absence of DOMS, hypertonic saline administrated into different parts of the wrist extensors (extensor carpi radialis brevis, supinator, common extensor origin) induced significantly (P<0.05) higher VAS scores and larger pain areas compared with a control injection of isotonic saline. The typical quality of saline‐induced pain was described as “drilling”, “taut”, “nagging” and “intense”. In non‐exercised wrist extensors, hyperalgesia to pressure was not detected during saline‐induced pain but maximal wrist extensor force decreased significantly (P<0.05) compared with pre‐pain recordings and recordings post isotonic saline. DOMS induced by eccentric wrist extension contractions generated moderate levels of soreness but no resting pain up to 24 h post exercise. PPTs and maximal wrist extension force were significantly decreased (P<0.05) during DOMS compared with baseline and 7 days post exercise (P<0.05). VAS scores to injection of hypertonic saline into the DOMS arm were significantly increased (P<0.05) compared with injections into the unexercised arm. This is another manifestation of muscle hyperalgesia. Saline‐induced pain combined with DOMS further decreased maximal wrist extension force (P<0.05). The simultaneous deep tissue pain and hyperalgesia linked with force attenuation support the use of the saline‐induced deep tissue pain combined with DOMS as an experimental model simulating the clinical sensorimotor correlates of lateral epicondylalgia.
A search for H/ACA snoRNAs in yeast using
MFE secondary structure prediction
Authors: Edvardsson Sverker , Gardner Paul P. , Poole Anthony M. , Hendy Michael D. , Penny David , Moulton Vincent 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
Motivation: Noncoding RNA genes produce functional RNA molecules rather than coding for proteins. One such family is the H/ACA snoRNAs. Unlike the related C/D snoRNAs these have resisted automated detection to date.
Results: We develop an algorithm to screen the yeast genome for novel H/ACA snoRNAs. To achieve this, we introduce some new methods for facilitating the search for noncoding RNAs in genomic sequences which are based on properties of predicted minimum free-energy (MFE) secondary structures. The algorithm has been implemented and can be generalized to enable screening of other eukaryote genomes. We find that use of primary sequence alone is insufficient for identifying novel H/ACA snoRNAs. Only the use of secondary structure filters reduces the number of candidates to a manageable size. From genomic context, we identify three strong H/ACA snoRNA candidates. These together with a further 47 candidates obtained by our analysis are being experimentally screened.
Contact: vincent.moulton@lcb.uu.se
Supplementary Information: Tables 1–5 referred to in the text can be downloaded from http://RNA.massey.ac.nz/fisher/
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
† Both authors contributed equally to this work.
IPPRED: server for proteins interactions inference
Authors: Goffard Nicolas , Garcia Virginie , Iragne Florian , Groppi Alexis , de Daruvar Antoine 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
Summary: IPPRED is a web based server to infer protein–protein interactions through homology search between candidate proteins and those described as interacting. This simple inference allows to propose or to validate potential interactions.
Availability: IPPRED is freely available at http://cbi.labri.fr/outils/ippred/.
Contact: Antoine.daruvar@pmtg.u-bordeaux2.fr
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
BioQuery: an object framework for building
queries to biomedical databases
Authors: Brundege James M. , Dubay Christopher 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
Summary: BioQuery is an application that helps scientists automate database searches. Users can build and store queries to public biomedical databases, and receive periodic updates on the results of those queries when new data is available. The application is implemented on a portable object framework that can provide database-searching capability to other applications. This framework is easily extensible, allowing users to develop plug-ins that provide access to new databases. BioQuery thus provides end-users with a complete database searching interface and updating service, and gives developers a toolkit to provide database-searching capability to their applications.
Availability: Free to all users: http://www.bioquery.org
Contact: support@bioquery.org
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
MuGeN: simultaneous exploration of multiple
genomes and computer analysis results
Authors: Hoebeke Mark , Nicolas Pierre , Bessières Philippe 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
Motivation: The availability of increasing amounts of sequence data about completely sequenced genomes spurs the development of new methods in the fields of automated annotation, and of comparative genomics. Tools allowing the visualization of results produced by analysis methods, superimposed on possibly annotated sequence data, and enabling synchronized navigation in multiple genomes, provide new means for interactive genome exploration. This kind of visual inspection can be used as a basis to assess the quality of new analysis algorithms, or to discover genome portions to be subjected to in-depth studies.
Results: We propose a software package, MuGeN, built for navigating through multiple annotated genomes. It is capable of retrieving annotated sequences in several formats, stored in local files, or available in databases over the network. From these, it then generates an interactive display, or an image file, in most common formats suitable for printing, further editing or integrating in Web pages. Genome maps may be mixed with computer analysis results loaded from XML files, whose format is generic enough to be adapted to a majority of sequence oriented analysis methods.
Availability: MuGeN is available at http://www-mig.jouy.inra.fr/bdsi/MuGeN
Contact: mark.hoebeke@jouy.inra.fr
Supplementary information: The supplementary information cited in this paper is available at http://www-mig.jouy.inra.fr/bdsi/MuGeN/Paper/supp.html
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
BioEditor—simplifying macromolecular structure annotation
Authors: Yang Peng , Craig Paul A. , Goodsell David , Bourne Philip E. 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
Summary: BioEditor is an application to enable scientists and educators to prepare and present structure annotations containing formatted text, graphics, sequence data, and interactive molecular views. It is intended to bridge the gap between printed journal articles and Internet presentation formats. BioEditor is relevant in the era of structural genomics, where annotation and publication could become the rate determining step in structure determination.
Availability: BioEditor is available at http://bioeditor.sdsc.edu. The Web site includes the latest version of the software for Microsoft Windows, including documentation, the opportunity to submit bug reports and suggestions, example documentaries prepared with BioEditor and a repository where users can submit documentaries for posting to the site.
Contact: bourne@sdsc.edu
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
SCide: identification of stabilization centers
in proteins
Authors: Dosztányi Zsuzsanna , Magyar Csaba , Tusnády Gábor , Simon István 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
Summary: SCide is a program to identify stabilization centers from known protein structures. These are residues involved in cooperative long-range contacts, which can be formed between various regions of a single polypeptide chain, or they can belong to different peptides or polypeptides in a complex. The server takes a PDB file as an input, and the result is presented in graphical or text format.
Availability: SCide is available on the web at http://www.enzim.hu/scide. The source code can be obtained from the authors on request.
Contact: zsuzsa@enzim.hu
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
EQUILIBRIUM STATISTICAL MECHANICS OF FERMION LATTICE SYSTEMS
Authors: ARAKI HUZIHIRO , MORIYA HAJIME 
Published: April 2003

We study equilibrium statistical mechanics of Fermion lattice systems which require a different treatment compared with spin lattice systems due to the non-commutativity of local algebras for disjoint regions.Our major result is the equivalence of the KMS condition and the variational principle with a minimal assumption for the dynamics and without any explicit assumption on the potential. Its proof applies to spin lattice systems as well, yielding a vast improvement over known results.All formulations are in terms of a C*-dynamical systems for the Fermion (CAR) algebra [Formula: see text] with all or a part of the following assumptions:(I) The interaction is even, namely, the dynamics αtcommutes with the even-oddness automorphism Θ. (Automatically satisfied when (IV) is assumed.)(II) The domain of the generator δαof αtcontains the set [Formula: see text] of all strictly local elements of [Formula: see text].(III) The set [Formula: see text] is the core of δα.(IV) The dynamics αtcommutes with lattice translation automorphism group τ of [Formula: see text].A major technical tool is the conditional expectation from [Formula: see text] onto its C*-subalgebras [Formula: see text] for any subset I of the lattice, which induces a system of commuting squares. This technique overcomes the lack of tensor product structures for Fermion systems and even simplifies many known arguments for spin lattice systems.In particular, this tool is used for obtaining the isomorphism between the real vector space of all *-derivations with their domain [Formula: see text], commuting with Θ, and that of all Θ-even standard potentials which satisfy a specific norm convergence condition for the one point interaction energy. This makes it possible to associate a unique standard potential to every dynamics satisfying (I) and (II). The convergence condition for the potential is a consequence of its definition in terms of the *-derivation and not an additional assumption.If translation invariance is imposed on *-derivations and potentials, then the isomorphism is kept and the space of translation covariant standard potentials becomes a separable Banach space with respect to the norm of the one point interaction energy. This is a crucial basis for an application of convex analysis to the equivalence proof in the major result.Everything goes in parallel for spin lattice systems without the evenness assumption (I).
HOW SEPTUAGINTAL IS ISA. 5:1-7 IN MARK 12:1-9?
Authors: Evans Craig 
Published: April 2003

AbstractRecently it has been claimed that elements drawn from Isa. 5:1-7 in Mark 12:1-9 are septuagintal and that these elements never agree with the MT against the LXX. Although a degree of septuagintalism cannot be denied, there is in fact agreement with the Hebrew, the presence of non-septuagintal elements, and important points of coherence with Jewish interpretive traditions.
REVISITING THE EMPTY TOMB: THE POST-MORTEM VINDICATION OF JESUS IN MARK AND Q
Authors: Smith Daniel 
Published: April 2003

AbstractQ 13:34-35 connects Jesus' disappearance with his future eschatological role as the "Coming One" in a manner suggestive of other Jewish materials that understand the assumption of a prophet or sage as the basis of a special eschatological function. If Q also betrays a knowledge of Jesus' death, the assumption of Jesus becomes, for Q , the mode of his post-mortem vindication. Mark's "Empty Tomb" story (Mark 16:1-8) may be seen as a post-mortem disappearance narrative; this raises the possibility that Q and Mark (or a pre-Markan source) may have expressed a belief in Jesus' vindication by God in quite similar terms.
Polyimide Orientation Layers Prepared from Lyotropic Aromatic Poly(Amic Ethyl Ester)s
Authors: Neuber C. , Giesa R. , Schmidt H.‐W. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of liquid‐crystalline precursor polymer solutions[1] for polyimides permit for the first time the preparation of bulk‐ and surface‐oriented polyimide thin films from the nematic lyotropic state by shear. A special shearing technique was developed and optimized to orient viscous solutions into thin films with thicknesses below 100 nm. The films produced were thermally imidized and characterized by polarized light microscopy, as well as polarized FTIR and UV‐vis spectroscopy before and after imidization. The dichroic ratios (DRs) before imidization were determined as 5 by FTIR, and 4.5 by UV‐vis spectroscopies. After imidization the DRs increased to 14 and 7, respectively. The shear‐oriented layers possess a surface profile in the form of striations, which was characterized by mechanical surface scanning and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The profile height was determined in the nanometer range in contrast to the profile distance in the micrometer range, thus the latter is a magnitude larger than the film thickness. To quantify and compare the orientation potential of the obtained orientation layers, cells with a liquid‐crystalline host and a dichroic azo dye as guest were prepared. Interesting for this class of rod‐like polyimides is that layers, which were cast from low concentration isotropic solutions and rubbed, exhibited an almost doubled DR of 15 compared to analogously prepared alignment layers based on commercial flexible polyimide systems (DR = 8).
The Preparation and Characterization of Small Mesopores in Siloxane‐Based Materials That Use Cyclodextrins as Templates
Authors: Yim J.‐H. , Lyu Y.‐Y. , Jeong H.‐D. , Song S.A. , Hwang I.‐S. , Hyeon‐Lee J. , Mah S.K. , Chang S. , Park J.‐G. , Hu Y.F. , Sun J.N. , Gidley D.W. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractPorous thin films containing very small closed pores (∼ 20 Å) with a low dielectric constant (∼ 2.0) and excellent mechanical properties have been prepared using the mixture of cyclic silsesquioxane (CSSQ) and a new porogen, heptakis(2,3,6‐tri‐O‐methyl)‐β‐cyclodextrin (tCD). The pore sizes vary from 16.3 Å to 22.2 Å when the content of tCD in the coating mixture increases to 45 wt.‐% according to positronium annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) analysis. It has also been found that the pore percolation threshold (the onset of pore interconnectivity) occurs as the ∼ 50 % tCD porogen load. The dielectric constants (k = 2.4 ∼ 1.9) and refractive indices of these porous thin films decreased systematically as the amount of porogen loading increased in the coating mixture. The electrical properties and mechanical properties of such porous thin films were fairly good as interlayer dielectrics.
Photodimerization of Coumarin‐Derived Pentacyclo[9.5.1.13,9.15,15.17,13]octasiloxane to Fabricate a Three‐Dimensional Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Material
Authors: Fujiwara M. , Shiokawa K. , Kawasaki N. , Tanaka Y. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractAn organic–inorganic hybrid material was prepared from a pentacyclo[9.5.1.13,9.15,15.17,13]octasiloxane bearing eight coumarin groups. The coumarin groups were photodimerized by UV‐light irradiation to connect the monomer units of the octasiloxane. Using a concentrated solution, the intermolecular photodimerization of these coumarin groups leaded to the cross‐linking of the octasiloxane, fabricating an organic–inorganic hybrid material with a three‐dimensional nanostructure. Whereas in dilute solution the intramolecular photodimerization was preferred to the intermolecular reaction, resulting in no formation of polymeric material.
Effects of spouses on distress experienced by BRCA1 mutation carriers over time
Authors: Wylie Jean E. , Smith Ken R. , Botkin Jeffrey R. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractConcerns about psychological distress have arisen regarding genetic testing for susceptibility to late‐onset diseases such as breast and/or ovarian cancer. Early results do not show large‐scale psychological distress among those tested; therefore, research is now focusing on identifying subgroups that may be at risk for negative outcomes. Social support has been shown to buffer both negative physical and psychological outcomes in health research. The role of spouses as part of the tested person's social support system is shown to be significant in a sample of 57 BRCA1 mutation carriers. Separately, the tested person's perception of his/her spouse's anxiety and his/her perception of the spouse's support at the time of testing are predictive of the tested person's psychological distress up to 2 years after testing. The interaction of the two variables is even more predictive. For those tested who perceived their spouse to be both anxious and nonsupportive at the time of testing, distress levels reached clinically significant levels 1 week after results were received and remained above clinical threshold measured 4 months, 1 year, and 2 years after testing. While the effects were greatest for women, they were significant for both male and female carriers. These findings are an important addition to the literature and will augment clinicians' ability to identify individuals potentially at risk for negative responses to adverse genetic test results. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera) riverine habitat using River Habitat Survey data
Authors: Hastie L.C. , Cooksley S.L. , Scougall F. , Young M.R. , Boon P.J. , Gaywood M.J. 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
The feasibility of using River Habitat Survey (RHS) data to describe freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera) macrohabitat in the River Spey, north‐east Scotland, was investigated.
Mussels were found to be positively associated with a number of RHS variables. These included: boulder/cobble river bed substrates, broken/unbroken standing waves (channel flow types), aquatic liverworts/mosses/lichens and broadleaf/mixed woodland/bankside tree cover. Negative associations with gravel‐pebble/silt substrates and emergent reeds/sedges/herbs were also found.
Two binary logistic regression models, based on seven and four variables, respectively, were constructed in order to predict the presence/absence of mussels at any given site. Predictive success rates of 83% and 78% were achieved.
Another binary logistic regression model, based on four variables, was constructed in order to predict the occurrence of ‘optimal’ M. margaritifera habitat (overall mussel densities ≥ 1 m−2). A predictive success rate of 83% was achieved.
The results indicate two potentially important applications of RHS for the conservation management of M. margaritifera: (1) for monitoring the effects of physical changes on extant mussel beds (and predicting their effects on mussel populations), and (2) for determining the habitat suitability of historically occupied sites for re‐introductions.
Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.