bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Return to work after comparing outpatient multidisciplinary treatment programs versus treatment in general practice for patients with chronic widespread pain
Authors: Skouen Jan Sture , Grasdal Astrid , Haldorsen Ellen M.H. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFormer studies have questioned the quality and effectiveness of multidisciplinary rehabilitation for working‐age adults with fibromyalgia and chronic widespread pain (CWP). High‐quality trials are needed, and return to work should also be included as an outcome variable. This randomized study evaluated the return‐to‐work outcome of an extensive and a light multidisciplinary treatment program combining cognitive strategies and exercise versus treatment‐as‐usual initiated by a general practitioner, for CWP patients. The patients (n = 208), on sick leave for 3 months on average, were randomized to the extensive program including group sessions, a light and more individual program, and to treatment‐as‐usual. The number of days absent from work and full return to work were used as an outcome, and follow‐up lasted 54 months after the programs ended. The regression analysis showed that the extensive program was associated with significantly fewer days absent from work among women. For women, the mean effect of extensive treatment versus treatment‐as‐usual on total number of days absent from work was estimated to −206.95 days. Among men, the light program was associated with significantly more days absent from work compared to treatment‐as‐usual. Both among men and women, independent of type of treatment, patients with poorer health (poor prognosis) were absent from work more days than patients with good prognosis. In our sample, higher age significantly increased the number of days absent from work, but only for women. The extensive outpatient multidisciplinary treatment program was effective in returning women to work.
Diagnosis and management of uterine arteriovenous fistulas with massive vaginal bleeding
Authors: Yang J.J. , Xiang Y. , Wan X.R. , Yang X.Y. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo study the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, management, and prognosis of uterine arteriovenous fistulas with massive vaginal bleeding.MethodsThe clinical records of 15 patients who satisfied the diagnostic criteria were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsAll patients had massive vaginal bleeding and a history of cesarean section, curettage, or gynecologic carcinoma. The disease was diagnosed by angiography or color Doppler ultrasonography. Vaginal bleeding can be aggravated by dilation and curettage. No complications occurred in the 14 patients who were treated with uterine artery embolization. Of the 11 patients who underwent successful embolizations, all returned to a normal menstrual cycle and 5 later became pregnant.ConclusionUterine arteriovenous fistula is a rare and potentially life‐threatening condition. Uterine artery embolization is a safe and effective choice of treatment for this condition, and it can preserve both uterus and ovary function.
Program note: Using UN process indicators to assess needs in emergency obstetric services: Bolivia, El Salvador and Honduras
Authors: Bailey P. ,   AMDD Working Group on Indicators
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe UN process indicators are used to assess the availability, utilization and quality of emergency obstetric care (EmOC). Needs assessments for EmOC in Bolivia, El Salvador and Honduras show reasonable availability of comprehensive EmOC facilities for their population sizes, but a scarcity of basic facilities. Utilization rates among women with obstetric complications are high in El Salvador and Honduras. Case fatality rates tend to be below 1% in all three countries, but the more rural areas in each have poorer indicators.
A predictive model for cesarean section in low risk pregnancies
Authors: Seshadri L. , Mukherjee B. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractObjectiveA small number of women with low risk pregnancies undergo cesarean section. A model that can predict this risk and therefore identify these women will be of help in several hospitals where personnel and resources are limited.MethodsThe study consisted of 2 parts. All charts of women with low risk singleton pregnancies admitted to labor room over a 5‐month period were analyzed. Adjusted odds ratios were calculated to find out relative importance of each risk factor and likelihood ratios were obtained. These were prospectively applied to 1010 consecutive low risk women and the post test probability calculated. Finally the actual incidence of cesarean section was compared with posttest probability derived from predictors.ResultsA combination of maternal age >24 years, primiparity and height <150 cm or a combination of any 2 of the 3 variables is significantly associated with increased cesarean section rate. Individually, primiparity, height <150 cm or age >24 years also significantly increased the chances of cesarean section.ConclusionsA predictive model consisting of maternal age, parity and height can be used to identify low risk pregnant women who are likely to require cesarean section.
Differences in the presence of mechanoreceptors and nerve structures between wrist ligaments may imply differential roles in wrist stabilization
Authors: Hagert Elisabet , Forsgren Sture , Ljung Björn‐Ove 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to analyze human wrist ligaments with regard to presence of general innervation and mechanoreceptors. The ligaments studied were: dorsal radiocarpal (DRC), dorsal intercarpal (DIC), long radiolunate (LRL), radioscaphocapitate (RSC), ulnocarpal (UC), scapholunate interosseous (SLI) and lunotriquetral interosseous (LTI) ligaments. Specific immunohistochemical markers were used to target neural/perineurial structures. Both Ruffini and Pacini‐like mechanoreceptors (sensory corpuscles) as well as nerve fascicles/free nerve fibers were identified. Ruffini corpuscles were primarily identified via their dendritic intracapsular nerve endings, whereas the Pacini‐like corpuscles were identified through their thick perineurial capsules with marked p75 immunoreaction. The wrist ligaments were found to vary in innervation, the DIC, DRC and SLI being richly innervated, whereas the LRL being almost without innervation. The difference in innervation between the ligaments might reflect differential function. Ligaments without innervation might act as structures of passive restraint, whereas ligaments with rich innervation are proposed to also provide proprioceptive information. Wrist ligament injuries should, therefore, be regarded as a disturbance not only of the intrinsic carpal kinematics, but also of the coordination and proprioception of the entire wrist joint. © 2005 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Systemic recruitment of osteoblastic cells in fracture healing
Authors: Shirley Denise , Marsh David , Jordan Grant , McQuaid Stephen , Li Gang 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe hypothesise that following a bone fracture there is systemic recruitment of bone forming cells to a fracture site. A rabbit ulnar osteotomy model was adapted to trace the movement of osteogenic cells. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from 41 NZW rabbits were isolated, culture‐expanded and fluorescently labelled. The labelled cells were either re‐implanted into the fracture gap (Group A); into a vein (Group B); or into a remote tibial bone marrow cavity 48 h after the osteotomy (Group C) or 4 weeks before the osteotomy was established (Group D), and a control group (Group E) had no labelled cells given. To quantify passive leakage of cells to an injury site, inert beads were also co‐delivered in Group B. Samples of the fracture callus tissue and various organs were harvested at discrete sacrifice time‐points to trace and quantify the labelled cells. At 3 weeks following osteotomy, the number of labelled cells identified in the callus of Group C, was significantly greater than following IV delivery, Group B, and there was no difference in the number of labelled cells in the callus tissues, between Groups C and A, indicating the labelled bone marrow cells were capable of migrating to the fracture sites from the remote bone marrow cavity. Significantly fewer inert beads than labelled cells were identified in Group B callus, suggesting some of the bone‐forming cells were actively recruited and selectively chosen to the fracture site, rather than passively leaked into the circulation and to bone injury site. This investigation supports the hypothesis that some osteoblasts involved in fracture healing were systemically mobilised and recruited to the fracture from remote bone marrow sites. © 2005 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Computational bone remodelling simulations and comparisons with DEXA results
Authors: Turner A. W. L. , Gillies R. M. , Sekel R. , Morris P. , Bruce W. , Walsh W. R. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFemoral periprosthetic bone loss following total hip replacement is often associated with stress shielding. Extensive bone resorption may lead to implant or bone failure and complicate revision surgery. In this study, an existing strain‐adaptive bone remodelling theory was modified and combined with anatomic three‐dimensional finite element models to predict alterations in periprosthetic apparent density. The theory incorporated an equivalent strain stimulus and joint and muscle forces from 45% of the gait cycle. Remodelling was simulated for three femoral components with different design philosophies: cobalt‐chrome alloy, two‐thirds proximally coated; titanium alloy, one‐third proximally coated; and a composite of cobalt‐chrome surrounded by polyaryletherketone, fully coated. Theoretical bone density changes correlated significantly with clinical densitometry measurements (DEXA) after 2 years across the Gruen zones (R2 > 0.67, p < 0.02), with average differences of less than 5.4%. The results suggest that a large proportion of adaptive bone remodelling changes seen clinically with these implants may be explained by a consistent theory incorporating a purely mechanical stimulus. This theory could be applied to pre‐clinical testing of new implants, investigation of design modifications, and patient‐specific implant selection. © 2005 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Reactivation of Hox gene expression during bone regeneration
Authors: Gersch Robert P. , Lombardo Frank , McGovern Scott C. , Hadjiargyrou Michael 
Published: April 2005

AbstractPrevious studies have explored the link between bone regeneration and skeletogenesis. Although a great deal is known regarding tissue and cell based events, especially those involving ossification and chondrogenesis, much remains unknown about the molecular similarity of repair and development. Since the functional significance of Homeobox (Hox) genes in embryonic skeletogenesis has been well documented through knockout and deficiency studies, we chose to investigate whether members of this family are reactivated during fracture repair. Specifically, we examined the temporal and spatial expression of Msx‐1, Msx‐2, rHox, Hoxa‐2 and Hoxd‐9, because of their involvement in limb development. Utilizing quantitative reverse transcriptase RT‐PCR (qPCR), mRNA levels from all five genes were shown to be upregulated during fracture repair at all times tested (post‐fracture day 3–21), as compared to intact bone. Further, using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, spatial expression of these genes was localized to osteoblasts, chondrocytes and periosteal osteoprogenitor cells found within the fracture callus, the foremost cells responsible for the reparative phase of the healing process. Given the contribution of Hox genes in skeletal development, our results suggest that these genes are involved in either the patterning or formation of the fracture callus, further supporting the notion that bone regeneration recapitulates skeletal development. © 2005 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
On the influence of soft tissue coverage in the determination of bone kinematics using skin markers
Authors: Taylor William R. , Ehrig Rainald M. , Duda Georg N. , Schell Hanna , Seebeck Petra , Heller Markus O. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractAccurate measurement of underlying bone positions is important for the understanding of normal movement and function, as well as for addressing clinical musculoskeletal or post‐injury problems. Non‐invasive measurement techniques are limited by the analysis technique and movement of peripheral soft tissues that can introduce significant measurement errors in reproducing the kinematics of the underlying bones when using external skin markers. Reflective markers, skeletally mounted to the right hind limb of three Merino‐mix sheep were measured simultaneously with markers attached to the skin of each segment, during repetitions of gait trials. The movement of the skin markers relative to the underlying bone positions was then assessed using the Point Cluster Technique (PCT), raw averaging and the Optimal Common Shape Technique (OCST), a new approach presented in this manuscript.Errors in the position of the proximal joint centre, predicted from the corresponding skin markers, were shown to be phasic and strongly associated with the amount soft tissue coverage, averaging 8.5 mm for the femur, 2.8 for the tibia and 2.0 for the metatarsus. Although the results show a better prediction of bone kinematics associated with the Optimal Common Shape Technique, these errors were large for all three assessment techniques and much greater than the differences between the various techniques. Whilst individual markers moved up to 4 mm from the optimal marker set configuration, average peak errors of up to 16, 5 and 3 mm (hip, knee and tibio‐metatarsal joints respectively) were observed, suggesting that a large amount of kinematic noise is produced from the synchronous shifting of marker sets, potentially as a result of underlying muscle firing and the inertial effects of heel impact. Current techniques are therefore limited in their ability to determine the kinematics of underlying bones based on skin markers, particularly in segments with more pronounced soft tissue coverage. © 2005 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The option value of patent litigation: Theory and evidence
Authors: Marco Alan C. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIn this paper, I use a real options approach to investigate patent litigation when enforcement is costly, winning is uncertain, and beliefs about validity are stochastic. I consider both finite horizon and infinite horizon models. The theoretical results demonstrate that patent value depends not only upon the underlying technology but also upon the degree of uncertainty over the property right. Additionally, imperfect enforceability creates an effective patent term that is less than the statutory term. Using simulation methods and patent data, I estimate the hazard rate of patent litigation. Contrary to previous studies, I find that the rate of forward citations is negatively associated with the litigation rate. The difference arises because (1) I use a dynamic model that exploits the information contained in the timing of litigation and citations, and (2) I control for truncation using a duration model. Using random effects models, I find that heterogeneity in patent litigation is embedded primarily in the heterogeneity in receiving patent citations. Because of this, the patent litigation decision can be modeled as a unilateral decision.
VaR in real options analysis
Authors: Alesii Giuseppe 
Published: April 2005

AbstractCash Flow from operations can be controlled using real options. In this normative paper, we quantify Trigeorgis's intuition[Trigeorgis, L., 1996. Real options: Managerial flexibility and strategy in resource allocation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press](p 123), about the risk management properties of real options with respect to downside risk. This result is reached modeling the whole distribution in expanded NPV using a Markov chain Monte Carlo method, computing forward the same expected expanded NPV previously obtained in a backward induction process. A number of original results are derived for an all equity financed firm which exercises optimally the options to wait, to mothball, and to abandon. Cash Flow distribution and CFaR are derived for each epoch in the life of the project. A VaR for the expanded NPV at time 0 is derived. A numerical example studies value and risk in shipping finance.
An option pricing framework for valuation of football players
Authors: Tunaru Radu , Clark Ephraim , Viney Howard 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIn this paper we develop a contingent claims framework for determining the financial value of professional football players. Contingent claims style modelling is used to develop two models. The pricing of football players is based on a performance index such as the Carling Opta Index. Unexpected events such as injuries are included into the models as Poisson jump processes. The value of a player varies from club to club, depending on club turnover and the total number of performance points generated by the entire team.
Late Pleistocene and Late Holocene Lake Highstands in the Pyramid Lake Subbasin of Lake Lahontan, Nevada, USA
Authors: Briggs Richard W. , Wesnousky Steven G. , Adams Kenneth D. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractShoreline geomorphology, shoreline stratigraphy, and radiocarbon dates of organic material incorporated in constructional beach ridges record large lakes during the late Pleistocene and late Holocene in the Pyramid Lake subbasin of Lake Lahontan, Nevada, USA. During the late Holocene, a transgression began at or after 3595 ± 35 14C yr B.P. and continued, perhaps in pulses, through 2635 ± 40 14C yr B.P., resulting in a lake as high as 1199 m. During the latest Pleistocene and overlapping with the earliest part of the Younger Dryas interval, a lake stood at approximately 1212 m at 10,820 ± 35 14C yr B.P. and a geomorphically and stratigraphically distinct suite of constructional shorelines associated with this lake can be traced to 1230 m. These two lake highstands correspond to periods of elevated regional wetness in the western Basin and Range that are not clearly represented in existing northern Sierra Nevada climate proxy records.
Kachru's circles and the growth of professionalism in TESOL
Authors: Alatis James E. 
Published: April 2005

[The text of a plenary paper presented as Distinguished Speaker at the conference Globalization and World Englishes: Identity and Creativity, convened by the International Association of World Englishes (IAWE) at Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA, 16–18 July 2004.]I MUST START with two disclaimers: First, my name is not James E. Alatis. It is Demetrious Efstathiou Alatis. In the early days of the 20th century, when many Greeks emigrated to the United States, the immigration authorities were troubled with the polysyllabic Greek names. They proceeded therefore to shorten them or otherwise change them to fit the American assimilationist mold. This was done either by transliteration, phonetic respelling, translation, or shortening: that is to say, initial, medial, or final clipping. The Greeks, of course, had a word for each of these processes: procope, syncope, and apocope. Thus, Papatriandaphilopoulos, became Papas or Poulos or Triandaphilos or Triandos or even just Tree. I knew a man whose name was Constantinous Papatriandaphilopoulos who had his name changed to Gus Rose. My own name, Demetrious, was shortened to Dim, and the closest thing to Dim was Jim. Most Demetriouses in those days became Jims.
Dame un hamburger plain con ketchup y papitas
Authors: Cortés Ileana , Ramírez Jesús , Rivera María , Viada Marta , Fayer Joan 
Published: April 2005

English/Spanish contact in Puerto Rico.ONE OUTCOME of language contact is lexical borrowing. Borrowing in Puerto Rico (for political, economic, and social reasons) is evident in the influence English has had on Spanish, especially in lexical terms. This paper explores the impact of American English on the lexicon of Puerto Rican Spanish, specifically on vocabulary relating to food. Data were collected through participant observation in selected fast food restaurants from different regions in P.R. An analysis of the corpus provides the basis for five categories useful in understanding the influence of English on Spanish in this domain. The study indicates that English borrowings have had a tremendous influence on the Puerto Rican lexicon, and predicts that, even though Spanish will continue to be the dominant Puerto Rican language, it will continue to change under the influence of English.
D‐Aspartate and NMDA, but not L‐aspartate, block AMPA receptors in rat hippocampal neurons
Authors: Gong Xiang‐Qun , Frandsen Anne , Lu Wei‐Yang , Wan Yudi , Zabek Rebecca L , Pickering Darryl S , Bai Donglin 
Published: April 2005

The amino acid, D‐aspartate, exists in the mammalian brain and is an agonist at the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptors. Here, for the first time, we studied the actions of D‐aspartate on α‐amino‐3‐hydroxyl‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionate receptors (AMPARs) in acutely isolated rat hippocampal neurons.
In the presence of the NMDA receptor channel blocker, MK801, D‐aspartate inhibited kainate‐induced AMPAR current in hippocampal neurons. The inhibitory action of D‐aspartate on kainate‐induced AMPAR current was concentration‐dependent and was voltage‐independent in the tested voltage range (−80 to +60 mV).
The estimated EC50 of the L‐glutamate‐induced AMPAR current was increased in the presence of D‐aspartate, while the estimated maximum L‐glutamate‐induced AMPAR current was not changed. D‐aspartate concentration‐dependently shifted the dose–response curve of kainate to the right. Schild plot analysis indicated that D‐aspartate acts competitively to block AMPARs. The Kb for D‐aspartate was estimated to be 0.93 mM.
D‐Aspartate also blocked L‐glutamate‐induced current in Xenopus laevis oocytes that expressed recombinant homomeric AMPARs.
NMDA possessed similar inhibitory action on AMPARs. However, L‐aspartate had little inhibitory action on AMPARs.
D‐Aspartate, but not L‐aspartate, was found to reduce the amplitude of miniature excitatory postsynaptic current in cultured hippocampal neurons.
Our data are consistent with a model in which D‐aspartate directly competes with kainate and L‐glutamate in binding to the agonist binding site of AMPARs. The prevalence of D‐aspartate in the brain suggests a possible role of D‐aspartate in modulating AMPAR‐mediated fast excitatory synaptic transmission.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2005) 145, 449–459. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706199