bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photo‐SABRE: Nuclear Spin Hyperpolarization of cis‐trans Photoswitchable Molecules by Parahydrogen**
Authors: Kiryutin Alexey S. , Kozinenko Vitaly P. , Yurkovskaya Alexandra V. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis work reports the 23000‐ and 9200‐fold enhancement of the 15N nuclear spin polarization of cis and trans isomers of azobenzene, correspondingly, as compared to the thermal NMR signals at 9.4 T by exploiting signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) and parahydrogen molecules at 400 nT simultaneously with light irradiation. Only cis‐azobenzene gains substantial hyperpolarization of its 15N spins directly from parahydrogen in SABRE through coherent polarization transfer. Consequently cis‐trans photoisomerization at ultralow magnetic field preserves the SABRE‐derived nuclear hyperpolarization of cis‐azobenzene resulting in hyperpolarization of trans‐azobenzene as well, despite its direct coordination with the SABRE Ir‐complex being sterically hindered. Moreover, the proposed approach, which we called photo‐SABRE, allows to hyperpolarize the long‐lived spin order of trans‐isomer 15N spins with a lifetime of about 25 minutes, which greatly exceeds their relaxation times at high (10 seconds) and low (200 seconds) magnetic field. Since this spin order in 15N2‐trans‐azobenzene is collectively formed by nuclei of different kinds, it can be detected by both 15N or 1H NMR spectroscopy.
Mitochondrial damage‐associated molecular patterns: A new insight into metabolic inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Wang Yan , Wang Jingwu , Tao Si‐Yu , Liang Zhengting , xie Rong , Liu Nan‐nan , Deng Ruxue , Zhang Yuelin , Deng Deqiang , Jiang Guangjian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe pathogenesis of diabetes is accompanied by increased levels of inflammatory factors, also known as “metabolic inflammation”, which runs through the whole process of the occurrence and development of the disease. Mitochondria, as the key site of glucose and lipid metabolism, is often accompanied by mitochondrial function damage in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Damaged mitochondria release pro‐inflammatory factors through damage‐related molecular patterns that activate inflammation pathways and reactions to oxidative stress, further aggravate metabolic disorders, and form a vicious circle. Currently, the pathogenesis of diabetes is still unclear, and clinical treatment focuses primarily on symptomatic intervention of the internal environment of disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism with limited clinical efficacy. The proinflammatory effect of mitochondrial damage‐associated molecular pattern (mtDAMP) in T2DM provides a new research direction for exploring the pathogenesis and intervention targets of T2DM. Therefore, this review covers the most recent findings on the molecular mechanism and related signalling cascades of inflammation caused by mtDAMP in T2DM and discusses its pathogenic role of it in the pathological process of T2DM to search potential intervention targets.
Association of plasma advanced glycation end‐products and their soluble receptor with type 2 diabetes among Chinese adults
Authors: Chen Liangkai , Wang Qiang , Lv Yanling , Xu Wenyuan , Jiang Guanhua , Li Yonggang , Luo Ping , He Ruikun , Liu Liegang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimsPopulation‐based evidence regarding circulating advanced glycation end‐products (AGEs) and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is conflicting and insufficient. We aimed to examine the association of plasma AGEs and plasma soluble receptors for AGEs (sRAGE) with T2D.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a hospital‐based case–control study including 1072 pairs (53.9 ± 9.7 years, 56.0% male) of newly diagnosed T2D and age‐ and sex‐matched controls. We further performed a nested case–control study within an ongoing prospective cohort consisting of 127 incident T2D cases and 381 well‐matched controls (62.2 ± 5.1 years, 71.7% male). Plasma AGEs were detected using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, and plasma sRAGE was measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Conditional logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of plasma AGEs and sRAGE concentrations with T2D.ResultsHigher plasma AGEs and lower sRAGE concentrations were associated with higher odds of T2D. The multivariable‐adjusted odds ratios of T2D comparing the highest with the lowest quartile levels were 3.28 (95% CI: 2.14, 5.02) for plasma AGEs and 0.25 (95% CI: 0.16, 0.39) for plasma sRAGE. Participants in the highest quartile of plasma AGEs and the lowest quartile of sRAGE concentrations had the greatest odds of T2D. The positive association of AGEs and inverse association of sRAGE with T2D risk was confirmed in the replication‐nested case–control study.ConclusionsIncreased circulating AGEs and decreased sRAGE concentrations were associated with elevated T2D risk. Our findings may have implications for the strategies of T2D prevention and management.
Accelerometry reveals limits to use of an energy‐saving anthropogenic food source by a threatened species: A case of Carnaby's cockatoos (Zanda latirostris) and canola
Authors: Riley Karen J. , Warren Kristin , Armstrong Nicola , Yeap Lian , Dawson Rick , Mawson Peter R. , Saunders Denis A. , Cooper Christine E. , Shephard Jill M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe use of anthropogenic resources is becoming increasingly common as species adapt to human‐induced environmental changes, but their use can expose species to new risks. Understanding how animals exploit these resources is important for guiding conservation management, particularly where species are threatened. The introduction of canola cropping to breeding areas of endangered Carnaby's cockatoo (Zanda latirostris) has been attributed to an increase in the birds' reproductive success; however, the seed may be protein‐limiting for nestling growth and its use by cockatoos has been implicated in the emergence of a new disease. We used high‐resolution accelerometer‐capable GPS tags to track eight birds. Accelerometer data were used to calculate overall dynamic body acceleration (ODBA), a proxy for energy expenditure, and to identify and quantify canola and native vegetation foraging behaviours. We used linear mixed models to determine which factors affected patterns of resource use and to determine whether, and to what extent, canola use was associated with reduced energetic and movement costs. We then compared the energetic content of canola seed and native food sources to inform patterns of behaviour and habitat use revealed by our tracking data. Use of canola was associated with reduced movement costs and energy expenditure. However, there was an apparent reluctance to increase foraging on canola above a threshold of time, even when conditions reduced time available to utilise native food sources. While anthropogenic resources may appear to improve population trends in some cases, careful investigations of patterns of resource use are necessary to guide appropriate conservation management efforts. For Carnaby's cockatoos, conservation efforts should focus on retention, protection and expansion of native food sources.
Grazing intensity effects on herbaceous community composition in burned sagebrush steppe
Authors: Bates Jonathan D. , Davies Kirk W. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThere is limited knowledge of grazing impacts on longer term plant community dynamics following fire in sagebrush steppe. This study evaluated vegetation response to different intensities of deferred rotation cattle grazing over 16 years (2007–2022) on burned Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis (Beetle & Young) Welsh) steppe in eastern Oregon. Treatments were applied in a randomized complete block, which included no grazing on burned (nonuse, n = 5) and unburned (control, n = 5) steppe; and cattle grazing at low (low, n = 4), moderate (moderate, n = 4), and high (high, n = 4) intensities on burned steppe. Vegetation dynamics were evaluated by repeated measures analysis of canopy cover and density of shrub and herbaceous species and functional groups. Herbaceous functional groups were an early‐season bunchgrass (one species, Sandberg bluegrass [Poa secunda J. Presl]), tall perennial bunchgrasses, perennial forbs, annual grass (one species, cheatgrass [Bromus tectorum L.]), and annual forbs. Tall perennial bunchgrass, Sandberg bluegrass, and perennial forb cover and density did not differ among the treatments but did decrease over time in all treatments. The cover of several tall bunchgrass species was generally less in the high treatment, mainly, Idaho fescue (Festuca idahoensis Elmer) and Thurber's needlegrass (Achnatherum thurberianum (Piper) Barkworth). The cover of cheatgrass and annual forbs varied among years but was greater in the burned‐grazed and nonuse treatments than in the control. Native plant cover in the burned treatments (grazed and nonuse) represented 77%–85% of total herbaceous cover versus the control where native plants comprised 91% of the total. Annual weather variability appears to account for most of the compositional dynamics measured in the various grazed and ungrazed treatments.
Cardiovascular events, mortality, early retirement and costs in >50 000 persons with chronic heart failure in Sweden
Authors: Steen Carlsson Katarina , Faurby Mads , Nilsson Kristoffer , Wolden Michael Lyng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimsWe aimed to examine cardiovascular events (stroke and myocardial infarction [MI]), mortality, early retirement and economic costs over 5 years in people with chronic heart failure (CHF) and matched controls in Sweden.Methods and resultsIndividuals (aged ≥16 years) living in Sweden on 1 January 2012 were identified in an existing database. Individuals with CHF were propensity score matched to controls without CHF by birth year, sex and educational status. We analysed risks of stroke, MI, mortality and early retirement, and compared direct costs (inpatient care, outpatient care and drug costs) and indirect costs (work absence). After matching, there were 53 520 individuals in each cohort. In each cohort, mean age was 69.0 years (standard deviation 8.2), and 29.7% of individuals were women. People with CHF were significantly more likely than controls to experience stroke (hazard ratio 1.46 [95% confidence interval 1.38–1.56]) and MI (1.61 [1.51–1.71]). All‐cause mortality was nearly three‐fold higher (2.89 [2.80–2.98]) and the likelihood of early retirement was more than three‐fold higher (3.69 [3.08–4.42]). Total mean annual costs per person were €9663 (standard error 38) for people with CHF, of which 53% were direct costs, and €2845 (standard error 19) for controls, of which 40% were direct costs. In people with CHF, inpatient costs comprised 78% of total annual mean direct costs over follow‐up, outpatient costs contributed 15% and drug costs contributed 8%. In controls, the corresponding proportions were 71%, 18% and 11%.ConclusionsCHF has a considerable impact on the risk of cardiovascular events and death, early retirement and economic costs. Inpatient admissions and work absence are major contributors to economic costs.
Uric acid is a biomarker for heart failure, but not therapeutic target: result from a comprehensive meta‐analysis
Authors: Qin Shiwei , Xiang Meilin , Gao Lei , Cheng Xiaocheng , Zhang Dongying 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimsThis systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to investigate the association between serum uric acid (SUA) levels and the incidence rate and prognosis of heart failure (HF), as well as the impact of uric acid‐lowering treatment on HF patients.Methods and resultsPubMed and Embase were searched for original articles reporting on the association between SUA and HF incidence, adverse outcomes, and the effect of uric acid‐lowering treatment in HF patients. Data were pooled using random effects or fixed effects models. Univariable meta‐regression analysis assessed the influence of study characteristics on research outcomes. Statistical analyses were conducted using RevMan software and STATA software version 15.0. Eleven studies on HF incidence and 24 studies on adverse outcomes in HF patients were included. Higher SUA levels were associated with an increased risk of HF (RR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.53–2.16), all‐cause mortality (RR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.25–1.66), cardiac death (RR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.32–1.84), and HF rehospitalization (RR: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.37–3.13) in HF patients. Uric acid‐lowering treatment was found to increase all‐cause mortality in HF patients (RR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.05–1.25).ConclusionsUric acid is an independent predictor of heart failure occurrence and adverse prognosis. Targeting uric acid lowering as a therapeutic intervention does not improve the prognosis of patients with heart failure. It may not be advisable to use traditional urate‐lowering drugs in young patients with heart failure, and elderly patients should exercise caution when using them.
Biochemical and biophysical properties of a rare TTRA81V mutation causing mild transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy
Authors: Sha Qiuyan , Zhang Yanli , Wang Mengdie , Sun Jialu , Zhang Yunlong , Zhang Xinxin , Wang Ning , Liu Yu , Liu Ying 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimsWe conducted a presentation on an 84‐year‐old male patient who has been diagnosed with TTRA81V (p. TTRA101V) hereditary transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (hATTR‐CM). In order to establish its pathogenicity, we extensively investigated the biochemical and biophysical properties of the condition.Methods and resultsTransthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR‐CM) is an increasingly acknowledged progressive infiltrative cardiomyopathy that leads to heart failure and potentially fatal arrhythmias. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of the biochemical and biophysical characteristics of genetically mutated TTR proteins serves as the fundamental cornerstone for delivering precise medical care to individuals affected by ATTR. Laboratory assessments indicated a brain natriuretic peptide of 200.12 ng/L (normal range: 0–100 ng/L) and high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin I of 0.189 μg/L (normal range: 0–0.1 μg/L). Echocardiography identified left atrial enlargement, symmetrical left ventricular hypertrophy (16 mm septal and 16 mm posterior wall), and a left ventricular ejection fraction of 56%. Cardiac‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging revealed subendocardial late gadolinium enhancement. Tc‐99m‐PYP nuclear scintigraphy confirmed grade 3 myocardial uptake, showing an increased heart‐to‐contralateral ratio (H/CL = 2.33). Genetic testing revealed a heterozygous missense mutation in the TTR gene (c.302C>T), resulting in an alanine‐to‐valine residue change (p. Ala81Val, following the first 20 residues of signal sequence nomenclature). Biochemical analysis of this variant displayed compromised kinetic stability in both the TTRA81V:WT (wild‐type) heterozygote protein (half‐life, t1/2 = 21 h) and the TTRA81V homozygote protein (t1/2 = 17.5 h). The kinetic stability fell between that of the TTRWT (t1/2 = 42 h) and the early‐onset TTRL55P mutation (t1/2 = 4.4 h), indicating the patient's late‐onset condition. Kinetic stabilizers (Tafamidis, Diflunisal, and AG10) all exhibited the capacity to inhibit TTRA81V acid‐ and mechanical force‐induced fibril formation, albeit less effectively than with TTRWT. Chromatographic assessment of the patient's serum TTR tetramers indicated a slightly lower concentration (3.0 μM) before oral administration of Tafamidis compared with the normal range (3.6–7.2 μM).ConclusionsWe identified a patient with hATTR‐CM who possesses a rare TTRA81V mutation solely associated with cardiac complications. The slightly reduced kinetic stability of this mutation indicates its late‐onset nature and contributes to the gradual progression of the disease.
Serum apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A‐I ratio predicts mortality in patients with heart failure
Authors: Li Shiyang , Xie Xiaoshuang , Zeng Xiaobin , Wang Shihai , Lan Jianjun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimsApolipoproteins have been reported to be involved in many cardiovascular diseases. The aim of our study was to investigate the prognostic value of apolipoprotein B (ApoB) to apolipoprotein A‐I (ApoA‐I) ratio (ApoB/ApoA‐I) in patients with heart failure (HF).Methods and resultsWe randomly assigned 2400 HF patients into the training cohort (n = 1400) and the validation cohort (n = 1000). Using a receiver operating characteristic curve, we identified the optimal cut‐off value of the ApoB/ApoA‐I in the training cohort as 0.69, which was further validated in the validation cohort. A propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was conducted to eliminate the imbalance in the baseline characteristics of the high and low ApoB/ApoA‐I group. A total of 2242 HF patients were generated in the PSM cohort. We also validated our results with an independent cohort (n = 838). Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to explore the independent prognostic value of ApoB/ApoA‐I in the training cohort (n = 1400), the validation cohort (n = 1000), the PSM cohort (n = 2242), and the independent cohort (n = 838). Patients with high ApoB/ApoA‐I ratio had significantly poorer prognosis compared with those with low ApoB/ApoA‐I ratio in the training cohort, the validation cohort, the PSM cohort, and the independent cohort (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated that the ApoB/ApoA‐I was an independent prognostic factor for HF in the training cohort [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.637, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.201–2.231, P = 0.002], the validation cohort (HR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.051–2.257, P = 0.027), the PSM cohort (HR = 1.645, 95% CI = 1.273–2.125, P < 0.001), and the independent cohort (HR = 1.987, 95% CI = 1.251–3.155, P = 0.004).ConclusionsSerum ApoB/ApoA‐I ratio is an independent predictor for the prognosis of HF patients.
Deep learning and knowledge graph for image/video captioning: A review of datasets, evaluation metrics, and methods
Authors: Wajid Mohammad Saif , Terashima‐Marin Hugo , Najafirad Peyman , Wajid Mohd Anas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGenerating an image/video caption has always been a fundamental problem of Artificial Intelligence, which is usually performed using the potential of Deep Learning Methods, Computer Vision, Knowledge Graphs, and Natural Language Processing (NLP). The significant task of image/video captioning is to describe visual content in terms of natural language. Due to a semantic gap, this presents a massive problem in understanding and explaining images or videos syntactically and semantically. The current systems need somewhere to fill the gap between low‐level and high‐level features while mapping. Therefore, to tackle this problem, there is a need to describe the latest research and methods to overcome difficulties and to propose effective solutions. This work thoroughly analyses and investigates the most related methods (deep learning and knowledge graph‐based approaches), benchmark datasets, and evaluation metrics with their benefits and limitations. Here we have also reviewed the state‐of‐the‐art methods related to image/video captioning and their applications in the current scenario. Finally, we provide thorough information on existing research with comparisons of results on benchmark datasets. We have also mentioned the existing challenges and future direction of research.
Assessment of electrical power generation in various regions of Nepal through solar organic Rankine cycle technology
Authors: Baral Suresh 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe utilization of solar organic Rankine cycle (ORC) technology in Nepal shows promise due to its ample solar radiation. This technology should be harnessed for the purpose of generating solar energy. The academic version of engineering equation solver was used to develop simulation models, which predict the potential of solar ORC power generation across the country. The study is limited to areas with solar irradiance of 5.5 kWh/m2/day and excludes certain regions. The installation of the plant requires open land with access to water, and a 10 km2 land area was considered for the solar collector. The working fluids for the solar ORC plant are R245fa, R11, and R123. The simulation results showed a maximum overall system efficiency of 6.8%. The power output for various districts was also simulated, with Jumla having the highest power output, followed by Baitadi and Surkhet. The power output for different temperatures (90–120°C) using R245fa as the working fluid was 270, 320, 350, and 380 MW. Additionally, the study determined the cost of electricity production for the system with working fluids. The cost of electricity production was found to be 164.11$/MWh, and the levelized cost of electricity ranged from 220–265$/MWh. The payback period for the investment varies from 18 to 12 years with an internal rate of return of over 10%. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to ascertain the feasible investment strategies for the solar ORC system. Therefore, the study concludes that a solar ORC plant is technically feasible in Nepal for electrical power generation, with promising potential for clean energy generation.
Fabrication of highly selective hollow fiber membranes based on P84/PES blends for CO2/CH4 separation
Authors: Qiu Wei , Dai Jing , Wang Huajiang , Cui Zhaoliang , Wang Zhaohui , Wang Xiaozu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this study, the aim was to purify CH4, an efficient and renewable clean energy source, which often contains CO2 that needs to be removed to improve its combustion efficiency. To achieve this, hybrid hollow fiber membranes were developed using BTDA‐TDI/MDI (P84) and polyethersulfone (PES) through a dry jet‐wet spinning process. The effects of different parameters, including core liquid composition, solidification bath composition and temperature, spinneret temperature, and air gap distance, were studied to optimize membrane structure, morphology, and CO2/CH4 separation performance. The P84/PES hollow fiber membrane obtained through this process demonstrated good CO2/CH4 separation performance, with CO2 permeation of 2.12 GPU and a selectivity of 51.23. To further improve the membrane's performance, a coating of poly(ether block‐amide) (PEBA) was applied to the P84/PES hollow fiber membrane. This modification resulted in a P84/PES‐PEBA hollow fiber membrane with increased CO2 affinity due to the polar poly(ethylene oxide) groups of PEBA. The P84/PES‐PEBA hollow fiber membrane exhibited high selectivity of 56.5 and CO2 permeance of 1.42 GPU at 25°C.