bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trust in the police and affective evaluation of police faces: a preliminary study
Authors: Brunet Nicolas M. , Marsh Natalya K. , Bean Caitlin R. , Powell Zachary A. 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionA study was conducted to investigate if an individual’s trust in law enforcement affects their perception of the emotional facial expressions displayed by police officers.MethodsThe study invited 77 participants to rate the valence of 360 face images. Images featured individuals without headgear (condition 1), or with a baseball cap (condition 2) or police hat (condition 3) digitally added to the original photograph. The images were balanced across sex, race/ethnicity (Asian, African American, Latine, and Caucasian), and facial expression (Happy, Neutral, and Angry). After rating the facial expressions, respondents completed a survey about their attitudes toward the police.ResultsThe results showed that, on average, valence ratings for “Angry” faces were similar across all experimental conditions. However, a closer examination revealed that faces with police hats were perceived as angrier compared to the control conditions (those with no hat and those with a baseball cap) by individuals who held negative views of the police. Conversely, participants with positive attitudes toward the police perceived faces with police hats as less angry compared to the control condition. This correlation was highly significant for angry faces (p &lt; 0.01), and stronger in response to male faces compared to female faces but was not significant for neutral or happy faces.DiscussionThe study emphasizes the substantial role of attitudes in shaping social perception, particularly within the context of law enforcement.
Identifying the effects of scaffolding on learners’ temporal deployment of self-regulated learning operations during game-based learning using multimodal data
Authors: Dever Daryn A. , Wiedbusch Megan D. , Romero Sarah M. , Smith Kevin , Patel Milouni , Sonnenfeld Nathan , Lester James , Azevedo Roger 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionSelf-regulated learning (SRL), or learners’ ability to monitor and change their own cognitive, affective, metacognitive, and motivational processes, encompasses several operations that should be deployed during learning including Searching, Monitoring, Assembling, Rehearsing, and Translating (SMART). Scaffolds are needed within GBLEs to both increase learning outcomes and promote the accurate and efficient use of SRL SMART operations. This study aims to examine how restricted agency (i.e., control over one’s actions) can be used to scaffold learners’ SMART operations as they learn about microbiology with Crystal Island, a game-based learning environment.MethodsUndergraduate students (N = 94) were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: (1) Full Agency, where participants were able to make their own decisions about which actions they could take; and (2) Partial Agency, where participants were required to follow a pre-defined path that dictated the order in which buildings were visited, restricting one’s control. As participants played Crystal Island, participants’ multimodal data (i.e., log files, eye tracking) were collected to identify instances where participants deployed SMART operations.ResultsResults from this study support restricted agency as a successful scaffold of both learning outcomes and SRL SMART operations, where learners who were scaffolded demonstrated more efficient and accurate use of SMART operations.DiscussionThis study provides implications for future scaffolds to better support SRL SMART operations during learning and discussions for future directions for future studies scaffolding SRL during game-based learning.
A descriptive analysis of children seeking medical attention for problematic sexualized behavior
Authors: Thompson Kara , Svendsen Sasha 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionProblematic Sexualized Behavior (PSB) in children is an increasingly prevalent and often misunderstood issue that impacts the well-being of children. Quantifying the numbers of affected children is challenging due to inconsistencies in how these children are identified, as well as misperceptions surrounding the issue and lack of a coordinated community response.MethodsIn this single-center retrospective case review, we attempt to report data on child demographics and case characteristics for children presenting to one Child Protection Program (CPP) medical specialty team for concern of PSB.ResultsA total of 224 children were identified as having engaged in PSB during the study period. 110 (49%) of these children were referred to the CPP for medical evaluation and medically triaged by the team. The remaining 114 children (51%) were identified through the medical triage of the presenting cases as having engaged in PSB with the index children, but were not referred to CPP for medical care themselves. The majority of children who were referred (69%) were the recipient of the PSB, compared to being the displayer of the behavior (20%). Of the recipient cases, the child displaying PSB was also referred to the CPP only 14.5% of the time.DiscussionThese results highlight that the number of children presenting for medical evaluation with concern of PSB is a significant underestimation of the prevalence of PSB in the community. This notable gap in identification of children engaging in PSB prevents service delivery for these children, including medical evaluation. The results also demonstrate that children displaying PSB were disproportionately missing from care and represent a specific area of missed opportunity for intervention and support by medical professionals.
The effectiveness, efficiency, and acceptability of EMDR vs. EMDR 2.0 vs. the Flash technique in the treatment of patients with PTSD: study protocol for the ENHANCE randomized controlled trial
Authors: Alting van Geusau Valentijn V. P. , de Jongh Ad , Nuijs Mae D. , Brouwers Thomas C. , Moerbeek Mirjam , Matthijssen Suzy J. M. A. 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundSeveral widely studied therapies have proven to be effective in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, there is still room for improvement because not all patients benefit from trauma-focused treatments. Improvements in the treatment of PTSD can be achieved by investigating ways to enhance existing therapies, such as eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy, as well as exploring novel treatments. The purpose of the current study is to determine the differential effectiveness, efficiency, and acceptability of EMDR therapy, an adaptation of EMDR therapy, referred to as EMDR 2.0, and a novel intervention for PTSD, the so-called Flash technique. The second aim is to identify the moderators of effectiveness for these interventions. This study will be conducted among individuals diagnosed with PTSD using a randomized controlled trial design.MethodsA total of 130 patients diagnosed with (complex) PTSD will be randomly allocated to either six sessions of EMDR therapy, EMDR 2.0, or the Flash technique. The primary outcomes used to determine treatment effectiveness include the presence of a PTSD diagnosis and the severity of PTSD symptoms. The secondary outcomes of effectiveness include symptoms of depression, symptoms of dissociation, general psychiatric symptoms, and experiential avoidance. All patients will be assessed at baseline, at 4-week post-treatment, and at 12-week follow-up. Questionnaires indexing symptoms of PTSD, depression, general psychopathology, and experiential avoidance will also be assessed weekly during treatment and bi-weekly after treatment, until the 12-week follow-up. Efficiency will be assessed by investigating the time it takes both to lose the diagnostic status of PTSD, and to achieve reliable change in PTSD symptoms. Treatment acceptability will be assessed after the first treatment session and after treatment termination.DiscussionThis study is the first to investigate EMDR 2.0 therapy and the Flash technique in a sample of participants officially diagnosed with PTSD using a randomized controlled trial design. This study is expected to improve the available treatment options for PTSD and provide therapists with alternative ways to choose a therapy beyond its effectiveness by considering moderators, efficiency, and acceptability.Trial registrationThe trial was retrospectively registered in the ISRCTN registry at 10th November 2022 under registration number ISRCTN13100019.
Cost-effectiveness of non-communicable disease prevention in Southeast Asia: a scoping review
Authors: Nguyen Thi-Phuong-Lan , Rokhman M. Rifqi , Stiensma Imre , Hanifa Rachmadianti Sukma , Ong The Due , Postma Maarten J. , van der Schans Jurjen 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundCost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs) on prevention of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are necessary to guide decision makers to allocate scarce healthcare resource, especially in Southeast Asia (SEA), where many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are in the process of scaling-up preventive interventions. This scoping review aims to summarize the cost-effectiveness evidence of primary, secondary, or tertiary prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) as well as of major NCDs risk factors in SEA.MethodsA scoping review was done following the PRISMA checklist for Scoping Reviews. Systematic searches were performed on Cochrane Library, EconLit, PubMed, and Web of Science to identify CEAs which focused on primary, secondary, or tertiary prevention of T2DM, CVDs and major NCDs risk factors with the focus on primary health-care facilities and clinics and conducted in SEA LMICs. Risks of bias of included studies was assessed using the Consensus of Health Economic Criteria list.ResultsThis study included 42 CEAs. The interventions ranged from screening and targeting specific groups for T2DM and CVDs to smoking cessation programs, discouragement of smoking or unhealthy diet through taxation, or health education. Most CEAs were model-based and compared to a do-nothing scenario. In CEAs related to tobacco use prevention, the cost-effectiveness of tax increase was confirmed in all related CEAs. Unhealthy diet prevention, mass media campaigns, salt-reduction strategies, and tax increases on sugar-sweetened beverages were shown to be cost-effective in several settings. CVD prevention and treatment of hypertension were found to be the most cost-effective interventions. Regarding T2DM prevention, all assessed screening strategies were cost-effective or even cost-saving, and a few strategies to prevent T2DM complications were found to be cost-effective in certain settings.ConclusionThis review shows that the cost-effectiveness of preventive strategies in SEA against T2DM, CVDs, and their major NCDs risk factors are heterogenous in both methodology as well as outcome. This review combined with the WHO “best buys” could guide LMICs in SEA in possible interventions to be considered for implementation and upscaling. However, updated and country-specific information is needed to further assess the prioritization of the different healthcare interventions.Systematic review registrationhttps://osf.io, identifier: 10.17605/OSF.IO/NPEHT.
Changes in characteristics of inpatient respiratory conditions from 2019 to 2021 (before and during the COVID-19 pandemic)
Authors: Mojtahedi Zahra , Yoo Ji , Kim Pearl , Kim Yonsu , Shen Jay J. , Wang Bing-Long 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an increase in the number of individuals with respiratory conditions that require hospitalization, posing new challenges for the healthcare system. Recent respiratory condition studies have been focused on the COVID-19 period, with no comparison of respiratory conditions before and during the pandemic. This study aimed to examine hospital-setting respiratory conditions regarding potential changes in length of stay (LOS), mortality, and total charge, as well as socioeconomic disparities before and during the pandemic.MethodsThe study employed a pooled cross-sectional design based on the State Inpatient Data Nevada for 2019 (prior to the COVID-19 pandemic) and 2020–2021 (during the pandemic) and investigated all respiratory conditions, identified by the International Classification of Disease, 10th Revision codes (n = 227,338). Descriptive analyses were carried out for the three years. Generalized linear regression models were used for multivariable analyses. Outcome measures were hospital LOS, mortality, and total charges.ResultsA total of 227,338 hospitalizations with a respiratory condition were included. Hospitalizations with a respiratory condition increased from 65,896 in 2019 to 80,423 in 2020 and 81,018 in 2021. The average LOS also increased from 7.9 days in 2019 to 8.8 days in 2020 but decreased to 8.1 days in 2021; hospital mortality among patients with respiratory conditions increased from 7.7% in 2019 to 10.2% but decreased to 9.6% in 2021; and the total charges per discharge were $159,119, $162,151, and $161,733 from 2019 to 2021, respectively (after adjustment for the inflation rate). Hispanic, Asian, and other race patients with respiratory conditions were 1–3 times more likely than white patients to have higher mortality and LOS. Medicaid patients and non-White patients were predictors of a higher respiratory-related hospital total charge.ConclusionDemographic and socioeconomic factors were significantly associated with respiratory-related hospital utilization in terms of LOS, mortality, and total charge.
The accuracy of intraocular lens power calculation formulas based on artificial intelligence in highly myopic eyes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Zhou Yi , Dai Minhui , Sun Lingyu , Tang Xiangyi , Zhou Ling , Tang Zhiyao , Jiang Jian , Xia Xiaobo 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveTo systematically compare and rank the accuracy of AI-based intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation formulas and traditional IOL formulas in highly myopic eyes.MethodsWe screened PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for studies published from inception to April 2023. The following outcome data were collected: mean absolute error (MAE), percentage of eyes with a refractive prediction error (PE) within ±0.25, ±0.50, and ±1.00 diopters (D), and median absolute error (MedAE). The network meta-analysis was conducted by R 4.3.0 and STATA 17.0.ResultsTwelve studies involving 2,430 adult myopic eyes (with axial lengths &gt;26.0 mm) that underwent uncomplicated cataract surgery with mono-focal IOL implantation were included. The network meta-analysis of 21 formulas showed that the top three AI-based formulas, as per the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) values, were XGBoost, Hill-RBF, and Kane. The three formulas had the lowest MedAE and were more accurate than traditional vergence formulas, such as SRK/T, Holladay 1, Holladay 2, Haigis, and Hoffer Q regarding MAE, percentage of eyes with PE within ±0.25, ±0.50, and ±1.00 D.ConclusionsThe top AI-based formulas for calculating IOL power in highly myopic eyes were XGBoost, Hill-RBF, and Kane. They were significantly more accurate than traditional vergence formulas and ranked better than formulas with Wang–Koch AL modifications or newer generations of formulas such as Barrett and Olsen.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier: CRD42022335969.
Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children shortly after ending zero-COVID-19 policy in China on December 7, 2022: a cross-sectional, multicenter, seroepidemiological study
Authors: Zhou Yi-Hua , Xu Chenyu , Tao Yue , Gu Meng , Zhou Guiping , Zhou Wei , Jin Yue , Xie Jun , Xu Biyun , Zhou Wensan , Chen Junhao , Shi Weifeng 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundChina discontinued the zero-COVID-19 policy on December 7, 2022, and then COVID-19 surged mid-December 2022 through mid-January 2023. However, the actual incidence was unknown. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children shortly after ending the zero-COVID-19 policy.MethodsThis multicenter cross-sectional study included 1,065 children aged 8 months to 12 years from seven hospitals at six regions across Jiangsu province, based on the convenience sampling, from February 10 to March 10, 2023. Group I comprised 324 children aged 8 months–2 years without COVID-19 vaccination, group II consisted of 338 preschool children aged 3–5 years with varied vaccination history, and group III contained 403 primary school children aged 6–12 years with mostly vaccinated. The COVID-19 vaccines were composed of inactivated SARS-CoV-2. In addition, 96 children’s sera collected in 2014 were included as negative controls. IgG and IgM antibodies against nucleocapsid (N) and subunit 1 of spike (S1) of SARS-CoV-2 (anti-N/S1) were measured with commercial kits (YHLO Biotech, Shenzhen, China).ResultsNone of the 96 children (5.1 ± 3.5 years; 58.3% boys) in 2014 was positive for anti-N/S1 IgG or IgM. Of the 1,065 children (5.0 ± 3.5 years; 56.0% boys), 988 (92.8%) were anti-N/S1 IgG positive but none was anti-N/S1 IgM positive. The positive rate of anti-N/S1 IgG in Group I, II, and III was 90.4, 88.5, and 98.3%, respectively, with significantly higher in group III than in groups I and II (p &lt; 0.0001). The median antibody titers in group III (381.61 AU/ml) were much higher than that in group I (38.34 AU/ml) and II (51.88 AU/ml; p &lt; 0.0001).ConclusionMore than 90% children experienced SARS-CoV-2 infection shortly after ending zero-COVID-19 policy in China, much higher than estimated infections by other studies. The widespread SARS-CoV-2 infection in unvaccinated children should be influential on the policy of COVID-19 vaccination in children in the future.
Heterogeneous influence of neighborhood features on community satisfaction: a comparative study in Beijing’s urban and suburban communities
Authors: Jiang Huaxiong , Cai Runting , Yang Ding , Huang Zhuo , Song Jinping 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionCommunity satisfaction contributes to urban planning, community development, and policy formulation. Yet, we lack comprehensive knowledge about how different neighborhood features impact satisfaction, especially across diverse community types.MethodsRelied on a sample of 4,009 respondents in Beijing, this study examines the influence of neighborhood features on community satisfaction through neighborly interactions, focusing on the heterogeneity between urban and suburban communities, using structural equation models.ResultsThe results reveal that community service and community management exert significant influences on community satisfaction, primarily mediated by the role of neighborly interactions. Then, transportation convenience positively influences community satisfaction in urban areas, while no housing property has a negative effect in suburban communities.DiscussionThese results highlight varied neighborhood effects on community satisfaction, informing tailored urban planning and policies that address unique traits and requirements of different communities.
Recovery of activities of daily living in COVID-19 patients requiring intensive care unit or medical care unit: an observational study on the role of rehabilitation in the subacute phase
Authors: Notarstefano Chiara , Bertolucci Federica , Miccoli Mario , Posteraro Federico 
Published: November 2023

PurposeThis study aims to describe the functional status of a cohort of subacute COVID-19 patients treated in a dedicated rehabilitation unit and to compare functional outcomes between patients previously hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU group) and patients assisted in the medical care unit (MCU group).Materials and methodsClinical and functional evaluations were performed at admission and discharge. The functional status was assessed using Barthel index (BI), functional ambulation categories (FAC), trunk control test (TCT), and dysphagia outcome and severity score (DOSS). All patients received multidisciplinary tailored rehabilitation.ResultsWe evaluated 171 patients (with a mean age of 67.7 ± 11.9 years, 117 were males), 110 coming from the ICU (with a mean age of 63.24 ± 10.9 years), and 61 coming from the MCU (with a mean age of 75.75 ± 9.09 years). The ICU group showed a worse functional status at admission compared with the MCU group [BI 2.5 (0–20) vs. 20 (10–60), FAC 0 (0–0) vs. 0 (0–2), TCT 61 (42–100) vs. 100 (61–100), DOSS 5 (1–7) vs. 7 (7–7)] and had significantly longer hospital stay. At discharge, all functional scales were improved with no statistically significant differences between the two groups.ConclusionEarly rehabilitation of COVID-19 survivors improves functional recovery closing the initial gap between the ICU and MCU groups. In addition, it is effective to improve the functional outcome reducing the costs for longer-term assistance of COVID-19 patients.
Farnesyltransferase-inhibitors exert in vitro immunosuppressive capacity by inhibiting human B-cells
Authors: Xu Shilei , Dolff Sebastian , Mülling Nils , Bachmann Hagen S. , Dai Yang , Lindemann Monika , Sun Ming , Witzke Oliver , Kribben Andreas , Wilde Benjamin 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesFarnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTI), which inhibit the prenylation of Ras GTPases, were developed as anti-cancer drugs. As additional target proteins for prenylation were identified in the past, it is likely that FTI have potential value for therapeutic purposes beyond cancer. The effect of FTI on B-cells remains unclear. To address this issue, we investigated the effects of in vitro FTI treatment on effector and regulatory B-cells in healthy controls and renal transplant patients.MethodsFor this purpose, B-cells were isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy controls and renal transplant patients. Purified B-cells were stimulated via Toll-like-receptor 9 (TLR-9) in the presence or absence of FTI. Regulatory functions, such as IL-10 and Granzyme B (GrB) secretion, were assessed by flow cytometry. In addition, effector B-cell functions, such as plasma cell formation and IgG secretion, were studied.ResultsThe two FTI Lonafarnib and tipifarnib both suppressed TLR-9-induced B-cell proliferation. Maturation of IL-10 producing B-cells was suppressed by FTI at high concentrations as well as induction of GrB-secreting B-cells. Plasma blast formation and IgG secretion were potently suppressed by FTI. Moreover, purified B-cells from immunosuppressed renal transplant patients were also susceptible to FTI-induced suppression of effector functions, evidenced by diminished IgG secretion.ConclusionFTI suppress in vitro B-cell proliferation and plasma cell formation while partially preserving IL-10 as well as GrB production of B-cells. Thus, FTI may have immunosuppressive capacity encouraging further studies to investigate the potential immunomodulatory value of this agent.