bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The topology and polarization of subbeams associated with the drifting subpulse emission of pulsar B0943+10 – VII. Analysis of transitional intervals in the mode-switching process
Authors: Logvinenko S V , Rankin Joanna M , Suleymanova S A 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
We report a study of the transitional intervals between pulsar B0943+10’s two primary Q and B emission modes using Arecibo 327-MHz observations. The goal of this study was to detect signs of a ‘transitional’ mode at 327 MHz, discovered recently at lower frequencies. We have found subpulse drift and profile form patterns at 327 MHz similar to those identified at lower frequencies in the Q-to-B mode transition process. Pulse fading during about 15 stellar rotations preceding the appearance of subpulse drift was observed as well. Another part of the work is devoted to a detailed study of the pulse polarization variations in the main modes. A complex behaviour of the linear polarization percentage (LPP) of the dominant first component of the average profile with B-mode age has been found: during the first 4 h, the LPP continuously increases from 5 to 40 per cent, and over the next 1.5 h gradually decreases down to 30 per cent until the subsequent onset of the Q mode. In contrast, the LPP of the second component does not change over the B-mode lifetime, remaining at the level of 22 per cent. A non-instantaneous decrease in the LPP was detected at Q-mode onset. No systematic change of the LPP of the averaged Q-mode pulses over several hours of age was found. The results are discussed within the framework of the core–cone beam model and orthogonal polarization modes.
VLT-MUSE spectroscopy of AGNs misclassified by BPT diagnostic or with weak emission lines
Authors: Agostino Christopher J , Salim Samir , Boquien Médéric , Janowiecki Steven , Salas Héctor , Couto Guillherme S 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Despite powerful X-ray emission, some active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are known to either lack optical emission lines (so-called ‘optically dull’ AGNs) or have lines that fall on the star-forming branch of the Baldwin–Phillips–Terlevich (BPT) diagram (‘misclassified’ AGNs). Aperture effects have been proposed to explain such atypical spectra, especially when based on Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS; 3 arcsec) fibres. We use observations from VLT-MUSE with Adaptive Optics to explore the spatially resolved optical emission line properties of four optically dull and one misclassified X-ray AGN candidates. VLT-MUSE IFU spectra allow us to investigate the extent to which the aperture size affects the emission line measurements. The optically dull AGNs become detectable in deeper VLT-MUSE spectroscopic apertures having the same size (3 arcsec) as SDSS fibres, suggesting no AGN is truly lineless. However, in no case does the line become more detectable as the aperture decreases, as would be expected if dilution by strong continuum was responsible for making the lines appear weak. We also show that the misclassified X-ray AGN retains the same position on the BPT diagram in smaller apertures (down to 0.5 arcsec), demonstrating that its misclassification is not the result of the dilution by H ii regions. Thus, we conclude that continuum swamping or star formation dilution, i.e. aperture effects, are not responsible for atypical lines. Rather, the AGN lines are intrinsically weak.
Lensed Type Ia supernovae in light of SN Zwicky and iPTF16geu
Authors: Sainz de Murieta Ana , Collett Thomas E , Magee Mark R , Weisenbach Luke , Krawczyk Coleman M , Enzi Wolfgang 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Strong gravitationally lensed supernovae (glSNe) are a powerful probe to obtain a measure of the expansion rate of the Universe, but they are also extremely rare. To date, only two glSNe with multiple images strongly lensed by galaxies have been found, but their short time delays make them unsuitable for cosmography. Here, we simulate a realistic catalogue of lensed supernovae and study the characteristics of the population of detectable systems for different surveys. Compared to previous studies, our simulations also account for the effect of microlensing and its impact on the glSNe yields. We show that the properties of glSNe in shallow surveys (such as the Zwicky Transient Facility) are determined by the need for large magnifications, which favours systems of four images with short time delays and low image separations. This picture is consistent with the properties of iPTF16geu and SN Zwicky, but is not representative of the population found in deeper surveys, which are limited by the volume of the Universe that is strongly lensed. For deeper surveys, such as the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), glSNe show longer time delays and greater angular separations, and the inclusion of microlensing results in 8 per cent of glSNe becoming demagnified under the detection threshold. In the 10 yr of the survey LSST should be able to find ≈180 systems, of which 70 will be suited for cosmography enabling a ≈1.2 per cent precision H0 measurement with LSST glSNe.
Influence of early dark matter haloes on the primordial black holes merger rate
Authors: Stasenko Viktor , Belotsky Konstantin 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Primordial black hole (PBH) binaries forming in the early Universe may contribute to the merger events observed by the LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA collaborations. Moreover, the inferred merger rate constraints the fraction of PBH with masses $m \sim 10 \, {\rm M}_{\odot }$ in the dark matter (DM) to fPBH ≲ 10−3. This constraint assumes that after the formation of PBH binaries, they do not get destroyed or their parameters are not perturbed until the merger. However, PBHs themselves contribute to the formation of early DM structures in which the interactions between PBHs take place actively. This leads to the fact that the binaries can be perturbed in such a way that their lifetime becomes longer than the Hubble time tH. In this work, we consider the effect of the initial spatial Poisson distribution of PBHs on the structure formation at the high redshifts z ≳ 10. Next, we explore the evolution of such haloes due to the interaction of PBHs with each other and with DM particles. We show that the early haloes evolve on time-scales much shorter than the age of the Universe. Furthermore, for fractions of PBHs fPBH &lt; 1, the internal dynamics of a halo is significantly accelerated due to the dynamical friction of PBHs against DM particles. As a result, a significant fraction of binaries will be perturbed in such structures, and the gravitational waves constraints on PBHs with masses $m \sim 10 \, {\rm M}_{\odot }$ can be weakened to fPBH ∼ 0.1.
3D structure of H ii regions in the star-forming complex S254-S258
Authors: Kirsanova Maria S , Moiseev Alexei V , Boley Paul A 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
The S254-258 star-forming complex is a place of massive star formation where five OB-stars have created H ii regions, visible as optical nebulae, and disrupted the parental molecular gas. In this work, we study the 3D structure of these H ii regions using optical spectroscopy and tunable-filter photometry with the 6- and 1-m telescopes of the Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences. We construct maps of the optical extinction and find that the H ii emission is attenuated by neutral material with 2 ≤ AV ≤ 5 mag. The typical electron density in S255, and S257 is ≈100 cm−3, with enhancements up to 200 cm−3 in their borders, and up to 400 cm−3 toward the dense molecular cloud between them, where active star formation is taking place. We show that either a model of a clumpy dense neutral shell, where UV photons penetrate through and ionize the gas, or a stellar wind, can explain the shell-like structure of the ionized gas. S255 is surrounded by neutral material from all sides, but S257 is situated on the border of a molecular cloud and does not have dense front and rear walls. The compact H ii regions S256 and S258 are deeply embedded in the molecular clouds.
The known unknowns of mitochondrial carcinogenesis:de novoNUMTs and intercellular mitochondrial transfer
Authors: Harutyunyan Tigran 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe translocation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences into the nuclear genome, resulted in the occurrence of nuclear sequences of mitochondrial origin (NUMTs) which can be detected in nearly all sequenced eukaryotes. However, de novo mtDNA insertions can contribute to the development of pathological conditions including cancer. Recent data indicate that de novo mtDNA translocation into chromosomes can occur due to genotoxic influence of DNA double-strand break-inducing environmental mutagens. This confirms the hypothesis of the involvement of genome instability in the occurrence of mtDNA fragments in chromosomes. Mounting evidence indicates that mitochondria can be transferred from normal cells to cancer cells and recover cellular respiration. These exchanged mitochondria can facilitate cancer progression and metastasis. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the potential carcinogenicity of mtDNA insertions, and the relevance of mtDNA escape in cancer progression, metastasis, and treatment resistance in humans. Potential molecular targets involved in mtDNA escape and exchange of mitochondria that can be of possible clinical benefits are presented and discussed. Understanding these processes could lead to improved diagnostic approaches, novel therapeutic strategies, and a deeper understanding of the intricate relationship between mitochondria, nuclear DNA, and cancer biology.
Screening, Diagnosis, and Initial Care of Asian and White Patients With Lung Cancer
Authors: Hu Xiao , Melson John W , Pan Stacey S , Salei Yana V , Cao Yu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Data on the care of Asian patients with lung cancer in the US are limited; however, lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in this population.

Methods
Demographics, low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening, disease characteristics, and treatment history were compared between Asian and White patients newly diagnosed with lung cancer from 2014 to 2019 identified from Tufts Medical Center cancer registry. The influence of race on presenting stage was assessed via ordinal logistic regression. Time to treatment initiation (TTI) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed via log-rank tests. The impact of race on OS was evaluated via multivariable Cox regression.

Results
Asian patients (N = 144) were more likely to prefer non-English languages, use interpreters, be never-smokers, and harbor EGFR alterations, compared to White patients (N = 472), and to be diagnosed with later-stage lung cancer (odds ratio: 2.14, P &lt; .001), had longer median TTI (early stage: 2.30 vs. 1.43 months, P = .035; curative stage: 1.88 vs. 1.20 months, P = .041) and more often did not receive cancer-directed therapy (12.6% vs. 5.7%, P = .01). Screening LDCT was done only in 11.9% of Asian and 21.4% of White patients (P = .20) who would have met screening criteria prior to diagnosis (N = 215). Median OS was similar between Asian and White patients (not reached vs. 74.8 months, P = .17). Multivariable Cox model suggested better OS for Asian patients (hazard ratio: 0.57, P = .01).

Conclusion
In our study, Asian patients presented with later-stage lung cancer, had treatment delays, and more often did not receive treatment, compared to White patients, yet did not have inferior survival.
Himalayan-like Crustal Melting and Differentiation in the Southern North American Cordilleran Anatectic Belt during the Laramide Orogeny: Coyote Mountains, Arizona
Authors: Chapman James B , Pridmore Cody , Chamberlain Kevin , Haxel Gordon , Ducea Mihai 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The southern US and northern Mexican Cordillera experienced crustal melting during the Laramide orogeny (c. 80–40 Ma). The metamorphic sources of melt are not exposed at the surface; however, anatectic granites are present throughout the region, providing an opportunity to investigate the metamorphic processes associated with this orogeny. A detailed geochemical and petrochronological analysis of the Pan Tak Granite from the Coyote Mountains core complex in southern Arizona suggests that prograde metamorphism, melting, and melt crystallization occurred here from 62 to 42 Ma. Ti-in-zircon temperatures (TTi-zr) correlate with changes in zircon rare earth elements (REE) concentrations, and indicate prograde heating, mineral breakdown, and melt generation took place from 62 to 53 Ma. TTi-zr increases from ~650 to 850 °C during this interval. A prominent gap in zircon ages is observed from 53 to 51 Ma and is interpreted to reflect the timing of peak metamorphism and melting, which caused zircon dissolution. The age gap is an inflection point in several geochemical-temporal trends that suggest crystallization and cooling dominated afterward, from 51 to 42 Ma. Supporting this interpretation is an increase in zircon U/Th and Hf, a decrease in TTi-zr, increasing zircon (Dy/Yb)n, and textural evidence for coupled dissolution–reprecipitation processes that resulted in zircon (re)crystallization. In addition, whole rock REE, large ion lithophile elements, and major elements suggest that the Pan Tak Granite experienced advanced fractional crystallization during this time. High-silica, muscovite± garnet leucogranite dikes that crosscut two-mica granite represent more evolved residual melt compositions. The Pan Tak Granite was formed by fluid-deficient melting and biotite dehydration melting of meta-igneous protoliths, including Jurassic arc rocks and the Proterozoic Oracle Granite. The most likely causes of melting are interpreted to be a combination of (1) radiogenic heating and relaxation of isotherms associated with crustal thickening under a plateau environment, (2) heat and fluid transfer related to the Laramide continental arc, and (3) shear and viscous heating related to the deformation of the deep lithosphere. The characteristics and petrologic processes that created the Pan Tak Granite are strikingly similar to intrusive suites in the Himalayan leucogranite belt and further support the association between the North American Cordilleran anatectic belt and a major orogenic and thermal event during the Laramide orogeny.
Effects of Perturbation-Based Treadmill Training on Balance Performance, Daily Life Gait, and Falls in Older Adults: REACT Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Rieger Markus M , Papegaaij Selma , Steenbrink Frans , van Dieën Jaap H , Pijnappels Mirjam 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of perturbation-based treadmill training on gait quality in daily life, a predictor of fall risk that was used as the primary outcome. An additional aim was to evaluate the effects on secondary outcomes, including balance, gait performance, self-efficacy, daily life physical activity, and falls.

Methods
Seventy community-dwelling older adults (mean age = 74.73 [SD = 5.69] years; 46 women) at risk of falling were randomized and received 4 weeks of dual-task treadmill training, either with or without treadmill perturbations. Balance, gait performance, self-efficacy, and daily life trunk accelerometry at baseline, after intervention, and at a 6-month follow-up were assessed and compared within group over time and between groups for each time point, and their change rates between groups over time were also assessed.

Results
Both groups improved in their balance, gait performance, and self-efficacy; the experimental group showed a significantly larger decrease in concern of falling and an increase in physical performance than the controls. These training effects did not translate into significant improvements in daily life gait quality or physical activity. However, the number of daily life falls and the percentage of fallers decreased significantly more in the experimental group.

Conclusion
A 4-week perturbation-based dual-task treadmill training program can improve self-efficacy, balance, and gait performance in a controlled setting and reduce daily life falls, although not through changes in quantity or quality of daily life gait.

Impact
Perturbation-based treadmill training is a safe and efficient way to train older adults’ balance recovery and gait performance, increase self-efficacy, and prevent falls.
Myocarditis in anti-synthetase syndrome: clinical features and diagnostic modalities
Authors: De Luca Giacomo , Campochiaro Corrado , Palmisano Anna , Bruno Elisa , Vignale Davide , Peretto Giovanni , Sala Simone , Ferlito Arianna , Cilona Maria Bernardette , Esposito Antonio , Matucci-Cerinic Marco , Dagna Lorenzo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Myocarditis is an overlooked manifestation of anti-synthetase syndrome (ASS). Our study describes the clinical and instrumental features of ASS myocarditis and evaluates the performance of cardiac MRI (CMRI) with mapping techniques in assisting diagnosis of ASS myocarditis.

Methods
Data from patients with ASS were retrospectively analysed. CMRI data for patients diagnosed with myocarditis, including late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), T2 ratio, T1 mapping, extracellular volume (ECV) and T2 mapping, were reviewed. Myocarditis was defined by the presence of symptoms and/or signs suggestive for heart involvement, including increased high-sensitive troponin T (hs-TnT) and/or N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and at least an instrumental abnormality. The clinical features of patients with ASS with and without myocarditis were compared. A P-value of &lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
Among a cohort of 43 patients with ASS [median age 58 (48.0–66.0) years; females 74.4%; anti-Jo1 53.5%], 13 (30%) were diagnosed with myocarditis. In 54% of those 13 patients, myocarditis was diagnosed at clinical onset. All patients with ASS with myocarditis had at least one CMRI abnormality: increased ECV in all cases, presence of LGE in 91%, and increased T1 and T2 mapping in 91%. The 2009 Lake Louise criteria (LLC) were satisfied by 6 patients, and the 2018 LLC by 10 patients. With the updated LLC, the sensitivity for myocarditis improved from 54.6% to 91.0%. Patients with ASS with myocarditis were more frequently males (53% vs 13%; P = 0.009) with fever (69% vs 17%; P = 0.001), and had higher hs-TnT [88.0 (23.55–311.5) vs 9.80 (5.0–23.0) ng/l; P &lt; 0.001], NT-proBNP [525.5 (243.5–1575.25) vs 59.0 (32.0–165.5; P = 0.013) pg/ml; P = 0.013] and CRP [7.0 (1.7–15.75) vs 1.85 (0.5–2.86) mg/l; P = 0.011] compared with those without myocarditis.

Conclusion
In ASS, myocarditis is frequent, even at clinical onset. Patients with ASS with myocarditis frequently presented with fever and increased CRP, suggesting the existence of an inflammatory phenotype. The use of novel CMRI mapping techniques may increase diagnostic sensitivity for myocarditis in ASS.
Gender Differences in the Geographic Breadth of Job Search: Examining Job Applications
Authors: Mueller-Gastell Katariina , Pedulla David S 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Where one lives and works is increasingly important in shaping economic opportunities. Yet, women, particularly partnered women, are less likely than men to relocate for a job, potentially serving as a key force in the production of gender labor market stratification. We examine why women’s geographic job mobility is lower than men’s, building on theoretical insights about the structural features of the labor market as well as how households make decisions. Our contribution arises from examining job applications rather than completed job moves. This enables us to examine the behavior of job seekers independent of employers’ hiring decision-making that may shape the findings in scholarship that focuses on completed job moves. We draw on an original dataset that captures detailed, prospective information on the job applications submitted by a national, probability-based sample of job seekers. Our findings indicate that even at the application stage, partnered women – but not women who have never been married – are less likely than comparable men to apply for a job requiring a move. This pattern holds even after accounting for structural features of the labor market. Theories of gendered household dynamics appear to better explain our findings for partnered individuals than theories of household economic maximization.
Origin, genomic diversity and evolution of African swine fever virus in East Asia
Authors: Xin Genyang , Kuang Qiyuan , Le Shijia , Wu Weichen , Gao Qi , Gao Han , Xu Zhiying , Zheng Zezhong , Lu Gang , Gong Lang , Wang Heng , Zhang Guihong , Shi Mang , Sun Yankuo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Since 2018, the outbreaks of genotype II African swine fever virus (ASFV) in China and several eastern Asian countries have caused a huge impact on the local swine industry, resulting in huge economic losses. However, little is known about the origin, genomic diversity, evolutionary features, and epidemiological history of the genotype II ASFV. Here, 14 high-quality complete genomes of ASFVs were generated via sequencing of samples collected from China over the course of 3 years, followed by phylogenetic and phylodynamic analyses. The strains identified were relatively homogeneous, with a total of 52 SNPs and 11 indels compared with the prototype strain HLJ/2018, among which there were four exceptionally large deletions (620–18,023 nt). Evolutionary analyses revealed that ASFV strains distributed in eastern Asia formed a monophyly and a ‘star-like’ structure centered around the prototype strain, suggesting a single origin. Additionally, phylogenetic network analysis and ancestral reconstruction of geographic state indicated that genotype II ASFV strains in eastern Asia likely originated from Western Europe. Overall, these results contribute to the understanding of the history and current status of genotype II ASFV strains in eastern Asian, which could be of considerable importance in disease control and prevention.
Best Evidence for Each Surgical Step in Minimally Invasive Right Hemicolectomy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Grüter Alexander A.J. , Sijmons Julie M.L. , Coblijn Usha K. , Toorenvliet Boudewijn R. , Tanis Pieter J. , Tuynman Jurriaan B. 
Published: October 2023

Objective:
The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature for each surgical step of the minimally invasive right hemicolectomy (MIRH) for non-locally advanced colon cancer, to define the most optimal procedure with the highest level of evidence.

Background:
High variability exists in the way MIRH is performed between surgeons and hospitals, which could affect patients’ postoperative and oncological outcomes.

Methods:
A systematic search using PubMed was performed to first identify systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and if there were none then landmark papers and consensus statements were systematically searched for each key step of MIRH. Systematic reviews were assessed using the AMSTAR-2 tool, and selection was based on highest quality followed by year of publication.

Results:
Low (less than 12 mmHg) intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) gives higher mean quality of recovery compared to standard IAP. Complete mesocolic excision (CME) is associated with lowest recurrence and highest 5-year overall survival rates, without worsening short-term outcomes. Routine D3 versus D2 lymphadenectomy showed higher LN yield, but more vascular injuries, and no difference in overall and disease-free survival. Intracorporeal anastomosis is associated with better intra- and postoperative outcomes. The Pfannenstiel incision gives the lowest chance of incisional hernias compared to all other extraction sites.

Conclusion:
According to the best available evidence, the most optimal MIRH for colon cancer without clinically involved D3 nodes entails at least low IAP, CME with D2 lymphadenectomy, an intracorporeal anastomosis and specimen extraction through a Pfannenstiel incision.