bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coherent Interannual–Decadal Potential Temperature Variability in the Tropical–North Pacific Ocean and Deep South China Sea
Authors: Lin Yuxin , Gan Jianping , Cai Zhongya , Quan Qi , Zu Tingting , Liu Zhiqiang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractClimate variability over the Tropical and North Pacific Ocean (TPO and NPO, respectively) modulates marginal sea variability. The South China Sea (SCS), the largest marginal sea in the western NPO, is an outstanding example of a region that responds quickly to climate change. However, there is considerable uncertainty regarding the response of the deep SCS to large‐scale climate variability. Multivariate empirical orthogonal function analysis revealed three prominent modes of interconnected temperature anomaly fluctuations within the TPO and NPO. These coherent modes highlight the interactive dynamics among climate variations and reveal their modulation mechanisms for previously less explored potential temperature variabilities in the deep SCS. On the atmospheric bridge, external forces modify the upper‐layer Luzon Strait Transport (LST) by adjusting the Ekman transport and Kuroshio intrusion. For the oceanic pathway, climate variations disturb the deep‐layer LST by adjusting the barotropic flows in the upper layer.
Deep Atlantic Multidecadal Variability
Authors: Yang Jiajun , Li Jianping , An Qirong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractInvestigating deep‐sea temperature variability is essential for understanding deep‐sea variability and its profound impacts on climate. The first mode in the Atlantic is referred to as Deep Atlantic Multidecadal Variability (DAMV), characterized by a north‐south dipole pattern in the mid‐high latitudes with a quasi‐period of 20–50 years. The DAMV and Atlantic Multidecadal Variability, despite a statistical discrepancy, may be different responses to ocean heat transport (OHT) driven by the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) at distinct depths separately. The relationship between the DAMV and the AMOC is established, indicating the AMOC is likely to transport surface heat downwards by deep convection and contribute to such dipole pattern in the deep Atlantic. Furthermore, meridional OHT proves the AMOC can explain the DAMV variation as a dynamic driver. These results reinforce the importance of deep‐sea studies concerning the Atlantic climate system.
Responses of Ionospheric Radial Currents to Subauroral Polarization Streams During Quiet Periods
Authors: Xia Hao , Wang Hui , Zhang Kedeng , Zhong Yunfang , Qian Chengyu , Wang Chengzhi , Sun Yu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUsing 4 years of ionospheric radial current (IRC) from Swarm and ion velocity from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program, our work investigates the response of IRC to the subauroral polarization streams (SAPS) during the quiet time for the first time. Both noontime (magnetic local time, MLT 11–14) inward and duskside (MLT 18–19) outward IRC get strengthened in amplitude. The noontime inward ΔIRC is attributed to the penetration westward electric field at low‐mid latitudes. It drives the poleward Hall currents and equatorward polarization electric field, which maps to the dip equator to form an inward ΔIRC at F layer. At dusk, the SAPS‐poleward electric field could directly penetrate to the low‐mid latitudes, mapping to the dip equator to drive the outward ΔIRC. The substorms‐associated westward electric field is also critical in modulation of ΔIRC, resulting in a larger inward (weaker outward) ΔIRC under high auroral electrojet (AE) index than that under low AE around noon (dusk).
Longitudinal Development of Cosmic Noise Absorption Based on Multipoint Observations at Subauroral Latitudes During Storm‐Time Substorms on 25–28 August 2018
Authors: Kato Yuto , Shiokawa Kazuo , Tanaka Yoshimasa , Ozaki Mitsunori , Kadokura Akira , Oyama Shin‐ichiro , Oinats Alexey , Connors Martin , Baishev Dmitry 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEnhancements in electron density in the D‐region ionosphere attributed to the precipitation of high‐energy electrons, have previously been inferred from increases in cosmic radio noise absorption (CNA) using ground‐based riometers. However, there have been few studies of CNA observations at multi‐point stations distributed in longitudes. Thus, the spatio‐temporal development of the global distribution of CNA is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the longitudinal extent of CNA using simultaneous riometer observations at six stations at subauroral latitudes in Canada, Alaska, Russia, and Iceland. These stations are located encircling the earth at ∼60° north magnetic latitudes. We have conducted simultaneous observations of CNA at these stations since October 2017. Here we focus on seven substorms during a geomagnetic storm 25–28 August 2018 and study the spatio‐temporal development of the global distribution of CNA during these substorms. For all seven substorms, some stations observed CNA enhancements after the substorm onsets. In five cases, the CNA enhancements started around midnight and expanded eastward. The other two cases show westward and anti‐sunward development of CNA. The eastward expansion of CNA indicates the eastward drift of high‐energy electrons, which is the source of the CNA, due to gradient and curvature drift in the geomagnetic field. The westward expansion of CNA may correspond to westward expansion of the substorm injection region due to dawn‐to‐dusk electric fields. These results indicate that spatio‐temporal development of CNA at subauroral latitudes corresponds to high energy electron drift in the inner magnetosphere.
Process‐Based Intercomparison of Water Isotope‐Enabled Models and Reanalysis Nudging Effects
Authors: Bong Hayoung , Cauquoin Alexandre , Okazaki Atsushi , Chang Eun‐Chul , Werner Martin , Wei Zhongwang , Yeo Namgu , Yoshimura Kei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe products from the Stable Water Isotope Intercomparison Group, Phase 2, are currently used for numerous studies, allowing water isotope model‐data comparisons with various isotope‐enabled atmospheric general circulation model (AGCMs) outputs. However, the simulations under this framework were performed using different parameterizations and forcings. Therefore, a uniform experimental design with state‐of‐the‐art AGCMs is required to interpret isotope observations rigorously. Here, we evaluate the outputs from three isotope‐enabled numerical models nudged by three different reanalysis products and investigate the ability of the isotope‐enabled AGCMs to reproduce the spatial and temporal patterns of water isotopic composition observed at the surface and in the atmospheric airborne water. Through correlation analyses at various spatial and temporal scales, we found that the model's performance depends on the model or reanalysis we use, the observations we compare, and the vertical levels we select. Moreover, we employed the stable isotope mass balance method to conduct decomposition analyses on the ratio of isotopic changes in the atmosphere. Our goal was to elucidate the spread in simulated atmospheric column δ18O, which is influenced by factors such as evaporation, precipitation, and horizontal moisture flux. Satisfying the law of conservation of water isotopes, this budget method is expected to explain various fractionation phenomena in atmospheric meteorological and climatic events. It also aims to highlight the spreads in modeled isotope results among different experiments using multiple models and reanalyses, which are primarily dominated by uncertainties in moisture flux and precipitation, respectively.
Impact of Lightning‐Induced Nitrogen Oxides Over and Around the Tibetan Plateau on the Tibetan Plateau Ozone Valley
Authors: Liu Zhou , Guo Fengxia , Zhang Yuqiang , Wu Zeyi , Lu Xian , Deng Jie , Chen Ke , Wang Qingyuan , He Miao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLightning‐induced nitrogen oxides (LNOx) can affect ozone (O3) through photochemical processes. However, the impact of LNOx on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) O3 valley, an area with a lower O3 column compared to surrounding areas, remains controversial. Prior to this study, the impact of monsoonal transport on LNOx and related effects on the TP O3 valley has been overlooked. The objectives of this study are to differentiate between locally generated LNOx and monsoon‐transported LNOx over the TP and to evaluate their impacts on tropospheric NOx vertical column density, tropospheric column O3, and O3 at different altitudes. The Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry model was used to replicate LNOx, NOx, and O3 over the TP during July 2010, for which nesting techniques and sensitivity experiments were implemented. The findings emphasize the importance of LNOx as a source of NOx in this region, with nonlocal lightning activity being the primary source. Conversely, the influence of locally generated LNOx on NOx levels over the TP is comparatively minor. Overall, LNOx contributes to an increase in O3 over the TP, but one order lower than the O3 depletion. The impact of LNOx on O3 varies across different altitude ranges; it is broadly “C” shaped, reflecting increase in O3 at near‐surface and in upper troposphere–lower stratosphere (UTLS) regions and decrease in the middle troposphere. The increase in surface‐level O3 over the TP is mainly caused by monsoon‐transported LNOx, while locally generated LNOx also plays a crucial role in O3 formation in the UTLS region.
Influence of Internal Climate System Forcing on the Relationship Between North Atlantic Tropical Cyclones and Saharan Dust
Authors: Zhang Zhenxi , Zhou Wen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study explores the role of internal climate system forcing in the relationship between dust and tropical cyclones (TCs). Here internal climate system forcing includes the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), Atlantic Meridional Mode (AMM), Sahel rainfall, North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The dust‐TC relationship is evaluated through statistical analyses of 42‐year (1980–2021) reanalysis and observation data sets for TCs and the Saharan dust plume over the North Atlantic. In August, the negative correlation between dust and TCs in the region east of the Florida Peninsula and north of the Caribbean Sea is inhibited by AMO, AMM, and ENSO and promoted by NAO. In September, the positive correlation between dust and TCs in the eastern US and its adjacent ocean is inhibited by Sahel rainfall and promoted by AMO, AMM, and ENSO. In October, the positive correlation between dust and TCs in the southeastern US is promoted by Sahel rainfall and inhibited by AMO, AMM, and ENSO. The leading climate mode influence on the dust‐TC relationship comes from AMO in August and September, and ENSO in October. The dust‐TC relationship in September and October indicates an increase in TC landfalls over the continental US accompanied by a strengthened Saharan dust plume, which further affects the hydrology of the continental US on an interdecadal timescale by reducing land moisture in September and increasing it in October, as determined by the location of TC landfalls, topography, and the impact of climate mode.
Fault Geometry and Late Quaternary Kinematics Along the Tieluzi Fault: Implications for Tectonic Deformation and Eastward Expansion of the Tibetan Plateau, China
Authors: Li Xinnan , Pierce Ian K. D. , Sun Kai , Li Junjie , Yang Huili , You Zicheng , Liu Shufeng , Zhang Zhuqi , Li Chuanyou , Zheng Wenjun , Zhang Peizhen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe Tieluzi Fault is the largest structure in the East Qinling Mountains, and is considered to be the easternmost continuation of the Altyn Tagh‐Haiyuan‐Qinling Fault System (AHQFS) that allows the eastward extrusion of the Tibetan Plateau and South China Block. We studied the fault geometry and kinematics of the Tieluzi Fault using field investigations, detailed interpretations of high‐resolution satellite imagery and digital elevation models, and late Quaternary dating methods. Paleoseismic investigations indicate that the most recent earthquake along the Tieluzi Fault occurred before 1,500–1,300 cal. BP. Geological and geomorphological observations show that segments west of Lushi County are more active than those to the east. The spatial variations in tectonic activity along the Tieluzi Fault are interpreted to be related to four possible mechanisms: strike change, discontinuity, intersection, and branch. The late Quaternary left‐lateral slip rate is determined to be 0.9 ± 0.1 mm/yr on the Tieluzi Fault. The prominent left‐lateral faulting along the Tieluzi Fault suggests that most of the left‐lateral displacement along the eastern AHQFS has been accommodated by the Tieluzi Fault, which forms the most frontier of the eastward expansion of the Tibetan Plateau. Furthermore, we suggest that the left‐lateral faulting in the East Qinling Mountains is a response to relative eastward motion of the South China block pushed by the Tibetan Plateau with respect to the North China Plain Block. Also, our results indicate that the Tibetan Plateau has undergone a stepwise eastward expansion.
Dynamics of self-hybridized exciton–polaritons in 2D halide perovskites
Authors: Anantharaman Surendra B. , Lynch Jason , Stevens Christopher E. , Munley Christopher , Li Chentao , Hou Jin , Zhang Hao , Torma Andrew , Darlington Thomas , Coen Francis , Li Kevin , Majumdar Arka , Schuck P. James , Mohite Aditya , Harutyunyan Hayk , Hendrickson Joshua R. , Jariwala Deep 
Published: January 2024

AbstractExcitons, bound electron–hole pairs, in two-dimensional hybrid organic inorganic perovskites (2D HOIPs) are capable of forming hybrid light-matter states known as exciton-polaritons (E–Ps) when the excitonic medium is confined in an optical cavity. In the case of 2D HOIPs, they can self-hybridize into E–Ps at specific thicknesses of the HOIP crystals that form a resonant optical cavity with the excitons. However, the fundamental properties of these self-hybridized E–Ps in 2D HOIPs, including their role in ultrafast energy and/or charge transfer at interfaces, remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that >0.5 µm thick 2D HOIP crystals on Au substrates are capable of supporting multiple-orders of self-hybridized E–P modes. These E–Ps have high Q factors (>100) and modulate the optical dispersion for the crystal to enhance sub-gap absorption and emission. Through varying excitation energy and ultrafast measurements, we also confirm energy transfer from higher energy E–Ps to lower energy E–Ps. Finally, we also demonstrate that E–Ps are capable of charge transport and transfer at interfaces. Our findings provide new insights into charge and energy transfer in E–Ps opening new opportunities towards their manipulation for polaritonic devices.
Metal to insulator transition for conducting polymers in plasmonic nanogaps
Authors: Xiong Yuling , Chikkaraddy Rohit , Readman Charlie , Hu Shu , Xiong Kunli , Peng Jialong , Lin Qianqi , Baumberg Jeremy J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractConjugated polymers are promising material candidates for many future applications in flexible displays, organic circuits, and sensors. Their performance is strongly affected by their structural conformation including both electrical and optical anisotropy. Particularly for thin layers or close to crucial interfaces, there are few methods to track their organization and functional behaviors. Here we present a platform based on plasmonic nanogaps that can assess the chemical structure and orientation of conjugated polymers down to sub-10 nm thickness using light. We focus on a representative conjugated polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), of varying thickness (2-20 nm) while it undergoes redox in situ. This allows dynamic switching of the plasmonic gap spacer through a metal-insulator transition. Both dark-field (DF) and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra track the optical anisotropy and orientation of polymer chains close to a metallic interface. Moreover, we demonstrate how this influences both optical and redox switching for nanothick PEDOT devices.
Label-free biosensing with singular-phase-enhanced lateral position shift based on atomically thin plasmonic nanomaterials
Authors: Zhu Shaodi , Jaffiol Rodolphe , Crunteanu Aurelian , Vézy Cyrille , Chan Sik-To , Yuan Wu , Ho Ho-Pui , Zeng Shuwen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRapid plasmonic biosensing has attracted wide attention in early disease diagnosis and molecular biology research. However, it was still challenging for conventional angle-interrogating plasmonic sensors to obtain higher sensitivity without secondary amplifying labels such as plasmonic nanoparticles. To address this issue, we developed a plasmonic biosensor based on the enhanced lateral position shift by phase singularity. Such singularity presents as a sudden phase retardation at the dark point of reflection from resonating plasmonic substrate, leading to a giant position shift on reflected beam. Herein, for the first time, the atomically thin layer of Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) on silver nanofilm was demonstrated as a novel phase-response-enhancing plasmonic material. The GST layer was not only precisely engineered to singularize phase change but also served as a protective layer for active silver nanofilm. This new configuration has achieved a record-breaking largest position shift of 439.3 μm measured in calibration experiments with an ultra-high sensitivity of 1.72 × 108 nm RIU−1 (refractive index unit). The detection limit was determined to be 6.97 × 10−7 RIU with a 0.12 μm position resolution. Besides, a large figure of merit (FOM) of 4.54 × 1011 μm (RIU∙°)−1 was evaluated for such position shift interrogation, enabling the labelfree detection of trace amounts of biomolecules. In targeted biosensing experiments, the optimized sensor has successfully detected small cytokine biomarkers (TNF-α and IL-6) with the lowest concentration of 1 × 10−16 M. These two molecules are the key proinflammatory cancer markers in clinical diagnosis, which cannot be directly screened by current clinical techniques. To further validate the selectivity of our sensing systems, we also measured the affinity of integrin binding to arginylglycylaspartic acid (RGD) peptide (a key protein interaction in cell adhesion) with different Mn2+ ion concentrations, ranging from 1 nM to 1 mM.
Multifunctional nanoparticle-mediated combining therapy for human diseases
Authors: Li Xiaotong , Peng Xiuju , Zoulikha Makhloufi , Boafo George Frimpong , Magar Kosheli Thapa , Ju Yanmin , He Wei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCombining existing drug therapy is essential in developing new therapeutic agents in disease prevention and treatment. In preclinical investigations, combined effect of certain known drugs has been well established in treating extensive human diseases. Attributed to synergistic effects by targeting various disease pathways and advantages, such as reduced administration dose, decreased toxicity, and alleviated drug resistance, combinatorial treatment is now being pursued by delivering therapeutic agents to combat major clinical illnesses, such as cancer, atherosclerosis, pulmonary hypertension, myocarditis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, metabolic disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Combinatorial therapy involves combining or co-delivering two or more drugs for treating a specific disease. Nanoparticle (NP)-mediated drug delivery systems, i.e., liposomal NPs, polymeric NPs and nanocrystals, are of great interest in combinatorial therapy for a wide range of disorders due to targeted drug delivery, extended drug release, and higher drug stability to avoid rapid clearance at infected areas. This review summarizes various targets of diseases, preclinical or clinically approved drug combinations and the development of multifunctional NPs for combining therapy and emphasizes combinatorial therapeutic strategies based on drug delivery for treating severe clinical diseases. Ultimately, we discuss the challenging of developing NP-codelivery and translation and provide potential approaches to address the limitations. This review offers a comprehensive overview for recent cutting-edge and challenging in developing NP-mediated combination therapy for human diseases.
EZH2 inhibitors promote β-like cell regeneration in young and adult type 1 diabetes donors
Authors: Al-Hasani Keith , Marikar Safiya Naina , Kaipananickal Harikrishnan , Maxwell Scott , Okabe Jun , Khurana Ishant , Karagiannis Thomas , Liang Julia J. , Mariana Lina , Loudovaris Thomas , Kay Thomas , El-Osta Assam 
Published: January 2024

Abstractβ-cells are a type of endocrine cell found in pancreatic islets that synthesize, store and release insulin. In type 1 diabetes (T1D), T-cells of the immune system selectively destroy the insulin-producing β-cells. Destruction of these cells leads to a lifelong dependence on exogenous insulin administration for survival. Consequently, there is an urgent need to identify novel therapies that stimulate β-cell growth and induce β-cell function. We and others have shown that pancreatic ductal progenitor cells are a promising source for regenerating β-cells for T1D owing to their inherent differentiation capacity. Default transcriptional suppression is refractory to exocrine reaction and tightly controls the regenerative potential by the EZH2 methyltransferase. In the present study, we show that transient stimulation of exocrine cells, derived from juvenile and adult T1D donors to the FDA-approved EZH2 inhibitors GSK126 and Tazemetostat (Taz) influence a phenotypic shift towards a β-like cell identity. The transition from repressed to permissive chromatin states are dependent on bivalent H3K27me3 and H3K4me3 chromatin modification. Targeting EZH2 is fundamental to β-cell regenerative potential. Reprogrammed pancreatic ductal cells exhibit insulin production and secretion in response to a physiological glucose challenge ex vivo. These pre-clinical studies underscore the potential of small molecule inhibitors as novel modulators of ductal progenitor differentiation and a promising new approach for the restoration of β-like cell function.
Laboratory multistatic 3D SAR with polarimetry and sparse aperture sampling
Authors: Welsh Richard , Andre Daniel , Finnis Mark 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWith the advent of constellations of SAR satellites, and the possibility of swarms of SAR UAV's, there is increased interest in multistatic SAR image formation. This may provide advantages including allowing three‐dimensional image formation free of clutter overlay; the coherent combination of bistatic SAR geometries for improved image resolution; and the collection of additional scattering information, including polarimetric. The polarimetric collection may provide useful target information, such as its orientation, polarisability, or number of interactions with the radar signal; distributed receivers would be more likely to capture any bright specular responses from targets in the scene, making target outlines distinct. Highlight results from multistatic polarimetric SAR experiments at the Cranfield University GBSAR laboratory are presented, illustrating the utility of the approach for fully sampled 3D SAR image formation, and for sparse aperture SAR 3D point‐cloud generation with a newly developed volumetric multistatic interferometry algorithm.
Mitleid und Mitgefühl
Authors: Krause Rüdiger 
Published: January 2024

ZusammenfassungEmpathie, Mitleid und Mitgefühl werden oft synonym verwendet.
Schaut man genauer hin, ergeben sich deutliche Unterschiede, bis
hin zur Verarbeitung in unterschiedlichen Hirnarealen. Die Auseinandersetzung
mit dem Mitleid und dem Mitgefühl ist für jeden Therapeuten
unerlässlich und stellt eine wirksame Burnout-Prophylaxe
dar.
Editorial
Authors: Engemann Katharina 
Published: January 2024

Liebe Leserinnen, liebe Leser,ein gutes, gesundes neues Jahr 2024 wünsche ich Ihnen. Das mutet mich gerade
jetzt etwas absurd an, denn heute, während ich dieses Editorial schreibe,
ist es Anfang September. Ich hoffe in jedem Fall, dass wir wieder eine interessante
Ausgabe der DO für Sie zusammenstellen konnten. Seien Sie sich gewiss, dass
sich alle auch dieses Mal die größtmögliche Mühe
gegeben haben.