bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Locally Convex Bialgebroid of an Action Lie Groupoid
Authors: Kališnik J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAction Lie groupoids are used to model spaces of orbits of actions of Lie groups on manifolds. For each such action groupoid $$M\rtimes H$$

M
⋊
H

, we construct a locally convex bialgebroid $$\mathord {\textrm{Dirac}}(M\rtimes H)$$

Dirac
(
M
⋊
H
)

with an antipode over $$\mathord {{\mathcal {C}}^{\infty }_{c}}(M)$$

C

c
∞

(
M
)

, from which the groupoid $$M\rtimes H$$

M
⋊
H

can be reconstructed as its spectral action Lie groupoid $$\mathord {\mathcal{A}\mathcal{G}_{ sp }}(\mathord {\textrm{Dirac}}(M\rtimes H))$$

A

G

sp

(
Dirac
(
M
⋊
H
)
)

.
A new example for the Lavrentiev phenomenon in nonlinear elasticity
Authors: Almi Stefano , Krömer Stefan , Molchanova Anastasia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe present a new example for the Lavrentiev phenomenon in context of nonlinear elasticity, caused by an interplay of the elastic energy’s resistance to infinite compression and the Ciarlet–Nečas condition, a constraint preventing global interpenetration of matter on sets of full measure.
Die Rolle von kardialen Biomarkern in der perioperativen Risikoevaluation von nichtkardiochirurgischen Patienten – eine Zusammenfassung der ESAIC-Leitlinie 2023
Authors: M’Pembele René , Roth Sebastian , Lurati Buse Giovanna 
Published: December 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die ESAIC-Leitlinie aus dem Jahr 2023 beleuchtet den klinischen Wert von kardialem Troponin (cTn) und B‑Typ natriuretischen Peptiden (BNP) zur Risikoevaluation in nichtkardiochirurgischen Patienten.

Ziele der Arbeit
Zusammenfassung der Empfehlungen der neuen ESAIC-Leitlinie.

Material und Methoden
Die Evidenz für die Empfehlungen der Leitlinie wurde aus Studien extrahiert, die den perioperativen Nutzen von cTn und BNP für die Anwendungsbereiche der Prognoseabschätzung, Risikoprädiktion und Therapieoptimierung untersuchten. Für die Erstellung des Empfehlungsgrads wurden zusätzlich 12 relevante Endpunkte und das Risiko-Nutzen-Verhältnis der systematischen Messung der Biomarker mitberücksichtigt.

Ergebnisse
Es konnten 115 Studien als Grundlage für die Leitlinienempfehlungen identifiziert werden. Die verfügbare Evidenz variierte stark zwischen den 12 verschiedenen Endpunkten. Zusätzlich zeigte sich ein Evidenzgefälle für die einzelnen Anwendungsbereiche der Biomarker. Es wurden schwache Empfehlungen für die präoperative, postoperative und sequenzielle Messung von cTn und die präoperative Messung von BNP zur Prognoseabschätzung abgegeben. Für die Risikoprädiktion wurde ebenfalls eine schwache Empfehlung für die sequenzielle und postoperative Messung von cTn sowie präoperative Messung von BNP abgegeben. Die Evidenz von kardialen Biomarkern zur Therapieoptimierung war unzureichend, sodass ihr Nutzen unklar blieb und keine Empfehlung abgegeben werden konnte.

Diskussion
Kardiale Troponine und BNP können bei nichtkardiochirurgischen Patienten für die Prognoseabschätzung und Risikoprädiktion für ausgewählte Endpunkte verwendet werden. Therapieentscheidungen sollten nicht aufgrund der Erhöhung dieser Biomarker getroffen werden.
Determination of carbon in microplastics and single cells by total consumption microdroplet ICP-TOFMS
Authors: Vonderach Thomas , Gundlach-Graham Alexander , Günther Detlef 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRecently, spICP-MS analyses of microplastics have demonstrated that the detection capabilities of ICP-MS are sufficient to determine the size and composition of such materials. However, solution nebulization or microdroplet generation limits the sizes of droplets, microparticles, or cells that can be efficiently introduced into commonly used horizontal ICP-MS configurations. Therefore, we introduced the development of a downward-pointing ICP coupled to a time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ICP-TOFMS), which enables quantitative transport of large microdroplets (diameters up to 90 µm) into the ICP. Here, we report the capabilities of downward ICP-TOFMS for the quantitative analysis of single cells and microplastic particles. For calibration of element mass amount per particle or cell, microdroplets (70 µm diameter) composed of multielement solutions were measured by ICP-TOFMS. Microplastic beads (polystyrene) and spleenocyte cells were then also embedded in microdroplets and measured by ICP-TOFMS with ion optics optimized to determine the signals from 12C+ and other isotopes of interest, including 140Ce, 153Eu, 165Ho, and 175Lu from the REE beads and 31P for the cells. The results achieved using the prototype instrument of a vertical downward-pointing ICP-TOFMS demonstrate that such a plasma configuration is well suited to analyze microplastics and single cells. For single microbead and cell analyses, the critical mass for carbon was 4.8 pg, and the mean determined carbon mass amounts were 14 and 23 pg, respectively. For the microbead analysis, the detected carbon mass corresponds to a particle diameter of 2.93 ± 0.24 µm, which is consistent with the scanning (transmission) electron microscopy–determined diameter of 2.97 ± 0.04 µm. Furthermore, in the analysis of spleenocyte cells, carbon and phosphorus masses were determined to be correlated.
Graphical abstract
Digital consent in gynecology: an evaluation of patient experience
Authors: Ellis Laura Burney , Barcroft Jennifer , St John Edward , Loughran Dafydd , Kyrgiou Maria , Phelps David 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Introduction
The surgical consent process is a crucial discussion between patient and surgeon, which is predominantly documented utilizing hand-written forms. The exchange of individualized information allows the patient to make a truly informed decision. Digital consent (also known as electronic consent or e-consent) has been shown to improve accuracy of information provided without increasing the time taken to consent patients. We aimed to evaluate patient experience and effectiveness of digital consent in a gynecology department in a tertiary London Teaching Hospital.

Methods
A questionnaire was designed and completed by 100 patients undergoing gynecological surgery: 50 consented using paper and 50 consented digitally. The questionnaire included 8 statements, with five possible answers to select, ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree, on a standard five-point Likert Scale. Patients were all female and categorized into age groups (deciles) and asked whether consent was taken digitally or on paper. Data were collected between January and July 2021.

Results
Most responses were positive with 87% (694/800) of responses to the questions being either strongly agree or agree. Patients who were consented using paper selected ‘strongly agree’ 43.5% (174/400) of the time in comparison to 64.8% (259/400) of the time when they were consented digitally. The majority, 86% (43/50), of digitally consented patients received a copy of the consent form in comparison to 18% (9/50) of those consented using paper. On average, the patients consented digitally were older than their paper-consented counterparts (49–58 and 59–68 respectively). The mean scores for the questions relating to the ease of reading the form, ease of understanding the form, understanding of the potential complications, and overall satisfaction were higher in those digitally consented (p < 0.05).

Discussion
Overall, patients were satisfied with both methods of consent. However, individuals who were consented digitally reported higher levels of satisfaction throughout the consent process, compared to paper consent. These data suggest that digital consent is an acceptable alternative to paper consent for patients and facilitates adherence to national consent guidance, which stipulates patients should be given the information they request.
Explainable empirical risk minimization
Authors: Zhang Linli , Karakasidis Georgios , Odnoblyudova Arina , Dogruel Leyla , Tian Yu , Jung Alex 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe successful application of machine learning (ML) methods increasingly depends on their interpretability or explainability. Designing explainable ML (XML) systems is instrumental for ensuring transparency of automated decision-making that targets humans. The explainability of ML methods is also an essential ingredient for trustworthy artificial intelligence. A key challenge in ensuring explainability is its dependence on the specific human end user of an ML system. The users of ML methods might have vastly different background knowledge about ML principles, with some having formal training in the specific field and others having none. We use information-theoretic concepts to develop a novel measure for the subjective explainability of predictions delivered by a ML method. We construct this measure via the conditional entropy of predictions, given the user signal. Our approach allows for a wide range of user signals, ranging from responses to surveys to biophysical measurements. We use this measure of subjective explainability as a regularizer for model training. The resulting explainable empirical risk minimization (EERM) principle strives to balance subjective explainability and risk. The EERM principle is flexible and can be combined with arbitrary ML models. We present several practical implementations of EERM for linear models and decision trees. Numerical experiments demonstrate the application of EERM to weather prediction and detecting inappropriate language in social media.
Relationship between the demand for food delivery and takeaway services and the associated plastic packaging waste during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Iimuro Mai , Tabata Tomohiro 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFood delivery and takeaway services (FDTS), the demand for which has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, are expected to continue to grow after the pandemic; however, this creates a social problem as this service is a source of plastic packaging waste. This study aims to evaluate the environmental impact of plastic packaging waste resulting from the changes in demand for FDTS before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. A survey was conducted among Osaka residents to understand changes in FDTS use before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. A web survey revealed that there was a 5.8% increase in the demand for FDTS during the COVID-19 pandemic. Next, the annual plastic packaging waste emissions associated with FDTS and the corresponding CO2 emissions from plastic container manufacturing were estimated. The annual load of plastic packaging waste consumed as a result of FDTS was estimated to be 6153 t (4531–6497 t) during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the annual CO2 emissions from plastic container manufacturing and waste treatment were estimated to be 47,033 t CO2 (33,860–49,661 t CO2). These results revealed that plastic packaging waste and CO2 emissions increased by 1.35-fold during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Training healthcare professionals to be ready for practice in an era of social distancing: a realist evaluation
Authors: Lefroy Janet , Bialan Jessica , Moult Alice , Hay Fiona , Stapleton Claire , Thompson Jessica , Diggory Kate , Mustafa Nageen , Farrington Julia , Aynsley Sarah A. , Jacklin Simon , Winterton Adam , Cope Natalie 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Programme changes due to the COVID-19 pandemic have impacted variably on preparation for practice of healthcare professional students. Explanations for such variability need exploration. The aim of our study was to understand what clinical learning, whilst under socially distanced restrictions, worked and why (or why not).

Methods
We conducted a realist evaluation of the undergraduate healthcare programmes at one UK university in 2020–21. Initial programme theories to be tested in this study were derived from discussions with programme leads about the changes they implemented due to the pandemic. Study participants were students and teaching faculty. Online interview transcripts were coded, identifying why interventions had worked or not. This resulted in a set of ‘context-mechanism-outcome’ (CMO) statements about each intervention. The initial programme theories were refined as a result.

Results and discussion
29 students and 22 faculty members participated. 18 CMO configurations were identified relating to clinical skills learning and 25 relating to clinical placements. Clinical skills learning was successful whether in person, remote or hybrid if it followed the steps of: demonstration—explanation—mental rehearsal—attempt with feedback. Where it didn’t work there was usually a lack of observation and corrective feedback. Placements were generally highly valued despite some deficiencies in student experience. Being useful on placements was felt to be good preparation for practice. If student numbers are to expand, findings about what works in distance learning of clinical skills and the value of various modes of induction to clinical workplace activity may also be relevant post-pandemic.
Learning to discuss safety within the European seaweed aquaculture sector
Authors: van den Burg S. W. K. , Koch S. J. I. , Banach J. L. , Hoffmans Y. , van Hoof L. , Nauta R. W. , Jak R. G. , Makri E. , Wadsworth E. , Post S. , Kristensen K. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSeaweed is seen as a promising future source of biomass, and significant efforts are taken to upscale seaweed aquaculture production in Europe. Despite regulatory frameworks for food safety, environmental safety, and occupational health and safety applicable to seaweed production, a major barrier to upscaling production is the lack of commonly accepted, uniform frameworks for safety assessment. As a consequence, efforts to deal with food safety, environmental safety, and occupational health and safety are fragmented. Based on a literature review and consultations with stakeholders, this paper introduces a generic protocol on how to approach safety of the production of seaweed. A prototype version of the generic protocol was evaluated in a practical setting in Norway. Results show that a consistent, structured approach to safety makes it possible to identify hazards and prioritize and collect data on key hazards. The protocol facilitated a sector discussion on safety, providing a shared discourse to talk about safety. It must be acknowledged that the farming and processing practices and the location of cultivation strongly influence which hazards are most relevant. The protocol succeeded in bringing focus to data collection, putting effort into the analysis of hazards considered most relevant in a practical setting.
Disentangling the effects of region, forest-management intensity and plant diversity on litterfall quantity, quality and turnover in temperate forests
Authors: Wilcke Wolfgang , Zimmer Vera , Bauhus Jürgen , Schöning Ingo , Schrumpf Marion , Michalzik Beate , Siemens Jan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Simultaneous effects of more than one global change driver on ecosystem functioning have rarely been assessed.

Methods
We disentangled the effects of region encompassing climatic and edaphic conditions, forest-management intensity and community plant diversity on litterfall quantity, quality and turnover in 27 temperate forests across an environmental gradient.

Results
Region significantly influenced litterfall and organic layer mass and chemical quality and litter and element turnover. After accounting for the influence of region, increasing forest-management intensity (ForMI) significantly decreased litterfall mass, N, P and K concentrations and nutrient fluxes and slowed down litter and nutrient turnover. Because increasing ForMI reflected the man-made contributions of coniferous trees, these results can partly be attributed to the lower litterfall at our study sites and slower litter turnover of coniferous than deciduous trees. After accounting for the influences of region and ForMI, increasing diversity of the vascular plant community on the study plots measured as species richness or Shannon index significantly increased C and decreased N, P and S concentrations in litterfall. Together with the significantly decreased N and P concentrations in the organic layer with increasing plant diversity, these results indicated an increased within-stand nutrient-use efficiency and a more complete soil nutrient use with increasing plant diversity.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrate that increasing ForMI, which is associated with increasing conifer shares, leaves element stocks in the organic layer unchanged but slows down C turnover and thus increases temporary C storage in soil organic layers. Moreover, community vascular plant diversity helps close nutrient cycles.
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in Tunisian hospital wastewater: occurrence and environmental risk
Authors: Nasri Emna , de la Vega Ana Cristina Soler , Martí Carlos Barata , Ben Mansour Hedi , Diaz-Cruz Maria Silvia 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Despite concerns about the potential risk associated with the environmental occurrence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), few studies address the emissions of hospitals to aquatic compartments. We examined within a 3-month sampling period the occurrence and environmental risk of PPCPs in seven Tunisian hospital wastewaters. From personal care products, UV filters, main metabolites, and benzotriazoles were quantified, with benzophenone 3 (oxybenzone, BP3) and benzotriazole (BZT) the most frequently found (71%) at median concentrations in the range 2.43 ± 0.87 ngL−1–64.05 ± 6.82 ngL−1 for BP3 and 51.67 ± 1.67 ngL−1–254 ± 9.9 ngL−1 for BZT. High concentrations were also found for 4-hydroxybenzophenone (4HB) (221 ± 6.22 ngL−1), one of the main metabolites of BP3. The antibiotics ofloxacin and trimethoprim, the anti-inflammatory acetaminophen, the antiepileptic carbamazepine, and the stimulant caffeine were present in all the wastewaters. The highest median concentration corresponded to acetaminophen, with 1240 ± 94 mgL−1 in Tunis Hospital, followed by ofloxacin with 78850 ± 39 μgL−1 in Sousse Hospital. For ecotoxicity assessment, acute toxicity was observed for Daphnia magna and Vibrio fischeri. The toxicity data were used in a hazard quotient (HQ) approach to evaluate the risk posed by the target PPCPs to aquatic organisms. The calculated HQs revealed that marbofloxacin (234 for V. fischeri), enrofloxacin (121 for D. magna), and BZT (82.2 for D. magna and 83.7 for V. fischeri) posed the highest risk, concluding that potential risk exists toward aquatic microorganisms. This study constitutes the first monitoring of UV filters in Tunisian hospital effluents and provides occurrence and toxicity data of PPCPs for reference in further surveys in the country.

Graphical Abstract
The role of chemical properties of the material deposited in nests of white stork in shaping enzymatic activity and fungal diversity
Authors: Błońska Ewa , Jankowiak Robert , Lasota Jarosław , Krzemińska Natalia , Zbyryt Adam , Ciach Michał 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOrganic debris accumulated in bird nests creates a unique environment for organisms, including microbes. Built from various plant materials that are typically enriched by animal residues, bird nest favours the development of various fungal groups. The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical properties of the material deposited in the white stork Ciconia ciconia nests and the link between extracellular enzyme activity and the diversity and composition of culturable fungi. Our findings revealed low C/P and N/P ratio values in the nest materials, which indicate a high P availability. Nest material C/N/P ratio ranged from 67/8/1 to 438/33/1. Enzymatic activity strongly correlated with the content of carbon, nitrogen, and pH of the material deposited in the nests. A total of 2726 fungal isolates were obtained from the nests, from which 82 taxa were identified based on morphology and DNA sequence data. The study indicates that white stork nests are microhabitat characterised by diverse chemical and biochemical properties. We found relationship between the fungal richness and diversity and the C/P and N/P ratios of materials from the nests. Our study showed that culturable fungi occurred frequently in materials with high levels of C, N, and P, as well as high concentrations of base alkaline elements (Ca, Mg, and K).
Treatment outcomes of radiotherapy with concurrent weekly cisplatin in older patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Uchinami Yusuke , Yasuda Koichi , Kano Satoshi , Otsuka Manami , Hamada Seijiro , Suzuki Takayoshi , Tsushima Nayuta , Takahashi Shuhei , Fujita Yoshihiro , Miyazaki Tomohiko , Higaki Hajime , Taguchi Jun , Shimizu Yasushi , Sakashita Tomohiro , Homma Akihiro , Aoyama Hidefumi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Tri-weekly cisplatin and radiotherapy (CDDP + RT) is a standard of care for locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LA-HNSCC) but is sometimes challenging to complete in older patients. Weekly CDDP + RT has shown mild toxicity compared to tri-weekly CDDP + RT for LA-HNSCC and is a promising option for older adults. We aimed to report the treatment outcomes and prognostic factors in patients with LA-HNSCC treated with weekly CDDP + RT.

Methods
We analyzed patients aged ≥ 70 years who started weekly CDDP + RT for LA-HNSCC between July 2006 and October 2022. LA-HNSCC includes cancer in the oropharynx, hypopharynx, or larynx with a clinical stage of 3 or 4 without distant metastases based on the Union for International Cancer Control staging system 8th edition. The radiation dose of 70 Gy was delivered in 35 fractions by 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy, intensity-modulated radiotherapy, or proton beam therapy. The primary endpoint was the 3-year overall survival (OS), and the secondary endpoints were the 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) and 3-year cause-specific survival (CSS). The Kaplan–Meier method was used to calculate survival rates, and the log-rank test was used to evaluate statistical significance. A Cox proportional hazards model was used for the multivariate analysis of prognostic factors.

Results
The median age of the 49 patients was 72 (range: 70–78) years. The median CDDP dose was 200 (40–280) mg/ m2, and 47 patients completed scheduled radiotherapy. Forty-eight patients (98.0%) had a performance status of ≥ 1 at the initial visit. The 3-year OS, PFS, and CSS were 80.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 64.8–90.7), 58.9% (95%CI: 42.7–73.3), and 85.0% (95%CI: 68.7–93.4), respectively. In the multivariate analysis, the cumulative CDDP dose (< 200 or ≥ 200 mg/m2) was a significant factor for OS (hazard ratio: 0.29 [95% CI 0.08–0.97], p = 0.044). There was one case of early mortality. Grade 3 or higher late adverse events were observed in four patients (8.2%).

Conclusions
Weekly CDDP + RT in older patients led to good survival outcomes with an acceptable rate of adverse events. CDDP should be administered at a dose of at least 200 mg/m2 in older patients.
Trial registration Retrospectively registered