bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A light weight multi-scale feature fusion steel surface defect detection model based on YOLOv8
Authors: Xie Weining , Sun Xiaoyong , Ma Weifeng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In industrial production, the steel surface may incur different defects owing to the influence of external factors, thereby affecting the performance of steel. With the increasing requirements for steel quality, achieving efficient detection of steel surface defects is a difficult problem that urgently needs to be solved. Traditional steel surface defect detection methods are limited by poor detection performance and slow detection speed. Therefore, a model named LMS-YOLO, based on YOLOv8, is proposed in this paper for achieving efficient steel surface defect detection. Firstly, in backbone, the light weight multi-scale mixed convolution (LMSMC) module is designed to fuse with C2f to obtain C2f_LMSMC, so as to extract the features of different scales for fusion and achieve the light weight of the network. Meanwhile, the proposed efficient global attention mechanism was added to backbone to enhance cross dimensional information interaction and feature extraction capabilities, and to achieve a more efficient attention mechanism. In neck, using channel tuning to achieve better cross scale fusion in BiFPN. Finally, the model uses three independent decoupled heads for regression and classification, and replaces CIoU with NWD as the regression loss to enhance the effect of detecting small scale defects. The experimental results showed that LMS-YOLO achieved 81.1 mAP and 61.3 FPS on NEU-DET, 80.5 mAP and 61.3 FPS on GC10-DET, respectively. The mAP increased by 2.8 and 4.7 compared to YOLOv8, and decreased by 17.4% in floating point operations (GFLOPs) and 34.2% in parameters (Params), which indicates that the model proposed in this paper has a better comprehensive performance compared with other methods in steel surface defect detection.
In-depth S/TEM observation of Ti–Hf and Ta–Hf-doped Nb3Sn layers
Authors: Banno Nobuya , Moronaga Taku , Hara Toru , Asai Koki , Yagai Tsuyoshi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In superconducting Nb3Sn layers with coherence lengths of approximately 3 nm, grain boundaries act as effective pinning sites. Thus, grain refinement is an essential issue that directly affects the superconducting critical characteristics of the Nb3Sn layer. In recent years, Hf addition to Nb3Sn wires co-doped with Ta has attracted notable interest as a method that enables grain refinement down to several tens of nm. In-depth characterization of the Nb3Sn grain morphology in Hf-doping is crucially important to correlate the microstructure with the flux pinning characteristics. In this article, the grain morphologies of Ti–Hf and Ta–Hf-doped Nb3Sn layers were clarified by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and TEM-based automated crystal orientation mapping (ACOM-TEM). STEM/energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) revealed no significant oxide precipitates in our samples. The grain size distribution was attained by ACOM-TEM. Although Hf-doping attained a grain refinement effect in the Nb3Sn layer in both doping cases, the degree of this effect was relatively small for Ti–Hf. Kernel average misorientation analysis by scanning electron microscopy-electron backscattered diffraction unveiled no appreciable difference between the internal strain states of the Nb-alloy parent phases in Ti–Hf and Ta–Hf. One remarkable new finding through STEM/EDS was the presence of a Cu–Hf compound phase in the Nb3Sn layer. The Cu–Hf compound sounds analogous to the Cu–Ti compounds that form when Nb–47Ti with Cu matrix is heat treated. The STEM/EDS maps revealed a larger amount of Cu flow from the Cu–Sn side along the grain boundaries. The large Cu deposition on the grain boundaries might facilitate grain growth in Nb3Sn. Those findings make a novel contribution to the literature as they provide a deep insight into Nb3Sn phase formation via Hf doping.
Albumin influences leucocyte FcRn expression in the early days of kidney transplantation
Authors: Boulard Pierre , Azzopardi Nicolas , Levard Romain , Cornec Jean-Marie , Lamamy Juliette , Prieur Bérénice , Demattei Marie-Véronique , Watier Hervé , Gatault Philippe , Gouilleux-Gruart Valérie 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
FcRn, a receptor originally known for its involvement in IgG and albumin transcytosis and recycling, is also important in the establishment of the innate and adaptive immune response. Dysregulation of the immune response has been associated with variations in FcRn expression, as observed in cancer. Recently, a link between autophagy and FcRn expression has been demonstrated. Knowing that autophagy is strongly involved in the development of reperfusion injury in kidney transplantation and that albuminemia is transiently decreased in the first 2 weeks after transplantation, we investigated variations in FcRn expression after kidney transplantation. We monitored FcRn levels by flow cytometry in leukocytes from 25 renal transplant patients and considered parameters such as albumin concentrations, estimated glomerular filtration rate, serum creatinine, serum IgG levels, and ischaemia/reperfusion time. Two groups of patients could be distinguished according to their increased or non-increased FcRn expression levels between days 2 and 6 (d2–d6) post-transplantation. Leukocyte FcRn expression at d2–d6 was correlated with albumin concentrations at d0–d2. These results suggest that albumin concentrations at d0–d2 influence FcRn expression at d2–d6, raising new questions about the mechanisms underlying these original observations.
Fundamental physics with ESPRESSO: a new determination of the D/H ratio towards PKS1937-101
Authors: Guarneri Francesco , Pasquini Luca , D’Odorico Valentina , Cristiani Stefano , Cupani Guido , Marcantonio Paolo Di , Hernández J I González , Martins C J A P , Mascareño Alejandro Suárez , Milaković Dinko , Molaro Paolo , Murphy Michael T , Nunes Nelson J , Palle Enric , Pepe Francesco , Rebolo Rafael , Santos Nuno C , Santos Ricardo Génova , Schmidt Tobias M , Sousa Sérgio G , Sozzetti Alessandro , Trost Andrea 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Primordial abundances of light elements are sensitive to the physics of the early Universe and can directly constrain cosmological quantities, such as the baryon-to-photon ratio $\eta _{10}$, the baryon density, and the number of neutrino families. Deuterium is especially suited for these studies: its primordial abundance is sensitive and monotonically dependent on $\eta _{10}$, allowing an independent measurement of the cosmic baryon density that can be compared, for instance, against the Planck satellite data. The primordial deuterium abundance can be measured in high H i column density absorption systems towards distant quasars. We report here a new measurement, based on high-resolution ESPRESSO data, of the primordial D i abundance of a system at redshift $z \sim 3.572$, towards PKS1937-101. Using only ESPRESSO data, we find a D /H ratio of $2.638\pm 10^{-5}$, while including the available UVES data improves the precision, leading to a ratio of $2.608 \pm 10^{-5}$. The results of this analysis agree with those of the most precise existing measurements. We find that the relatively low column density of this system ($\log {N_{\rm H_I}/ {\rm cm}^{-2}}\sim 18$) introduces modelling uncertainties, which become the main contributor to the error budget.
Role of AGN and star formation feedback in the evolution of galaxy outflows
Authors: Clavijo-Bohórquez William E , de Gouveia Dal Pino Elisabete M , Melioli Claudio 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
We conducted 3D-magnetohydrodynamic simulations to investigate the feedback processes in the central 1-kpc scale of galaxies hosting both active star formation (SF) and an active galactic nucleus (AGN) wind. Our simulations naturally generated a turbulent and clumpy interstellar medium driven by SF evolution. We found that the AGN-wind duty cycle plays a crucial role in shaping the evolution of the outflows. A single duty cycle (which can repeat several times over the galaxy lifetime) consists of an active, a remnant and an inactive phase, lasting up to 1.5 Myr in our simulations. The duration of the cycle increases with larger star formation rate (SFR) and smaller AGN-wind power (tested for luminosities 1042–1044 erg s−1 and SFR = 1–1000 M⊙ yr−1). The feedback on SF, whether positive or negative, depends on various factors, including the AGN outflow opening angle, power, and phase of activity, as well as the initial SFR. The passage of the AGN wind enhances SF in a ring around it, resembling the structures observed in ULIRGs (Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies) and LINERS (low-ionization nuclear emission-line region), and is stronger for larger AGN power or SFR. Also, a higher SFR enhances the mixing of interstellar matter with the AGN wind, resulting in a greater number of colder, denser structures with volume filling factors ∼0.02 to 0.12 and velocities comparable to those observed in Seyferts and LINERs, but smaller than those observed in ULIRGs. The efficiency of the AGN wind in transporting mass to kiloparsec distances diminishes with increasing SFR. The mass-loss rates range from 50 to 250 M⊙ yr−1 within the initial 2 Myr of evolution, which aligns with observed rates in nearby Seyferts and ULIRGs.
La Silla-QUEST RR Lyrae star survey II: the Crater II tidal streams
Authors: Coppi P S , Zinn R , Baltay C , Rabinowitz D , Girard T , Howard R , Ment K , Rahman R 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
We describe photometry improvements in the La Silla-Quest RR Lyrae star (RRLS) survey that enable it to reach distances from the Sun (d⊙) ∼140 kpc. We report the results of surveying ∼300 deg2 of sky around the large, low-surface-brightness Crater II dwarf spheroidal galaxy. At d⊙ &gt;80 kpc, we find a large overdensity of RRLS that extends beyond the traditional isophotal contours used for Crater II. The majority of these RRLS (34) have a linear distribution on the sky, extending over 15°, that runs through Crater II and is oriented along Crater II’s proper motion vector. We hypothesize that this unlikely distribution traces extended tidal streams associated with Crater II. To test this, we search for other Crater II stellar populations that should be in the streams. Using Gaia proper motion data, we isolate ≈ 17 candidate stars outside of Crater II that are consistent with being luminous stars from the Crater II Red Giant Branch (RGB). Their spatial distribution is consistent with the RRLS one. The inferred streams are long, spanning a distance range ∼80–135 kpc from the Galactic Centre. They are oriented at a relatively small-angle relative to our line of sight (∼25°), which means some stream stars are likely projected onto the main body of the galaxy. Comparing the numbers of RRLS and RGB candidate stars found in the streams to those in the main galaxy, we estimate Crater II has lost $\gtrsim 30~{{\rm per\ cent}}$ of its stellar mass.
Linagliptin, a DPP‐4 inhibitor, activates AMPK/FOXO3a and suppresses NFκB to mitigate the debilitating effects of diethylnitrosamine exposure in rat liver: Novel mechanistic insights
Authors: Abdelhady Rasha , Mohammed Osama A. , Doghish Ahmed S. , Hamad Rabab S. , Abdel‐Reheim Mustafa Ahmed , Alamri Mohannad Mohammad S. , Alharthi Muffarah Hamid , Alfaifi Jaber , Adam Masoud I. E. , Alhalafi Abdullah Hassan , Mohammed Nahid A. , Isa Adamu Imam , Abdel‐Ghany Sameh , Attia Mohammed A. , Elmorsy Elsayed A. , AL‐Noshokaty Tohada M. , Nomier Yousra , El‐Dakroury Walaa A. , Saber Sameh 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAccumulating evidence suggests that dysregulation of FOXO3a plays a significant role in the progression of various malignancies, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). FOXO3a inactivation, driven by oncogenic stimuli, can lead to abnormal cell growth, suppression of apoptosis, and resistance to anticancer drugs. Therefore, FOXO3a emerges as a potential molecular target for the development of innovative treatments in the era of oncology. Linagliptin (LNGTN), a DPP‐4 inhibitor known for its safe profile, has exhibited noteworthy anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidative properties in previous in vivo studies. Several potential molecular mechanisms have been proposed to explain these effects. However, the capacity of LNGTN to activate FOXO3a through AMPK activation has not been investigated. In our investigation, we examined the potential repurposing of LNGTN as a hepatoprotective agent against diethylnitrosamine (DENA) intoxication. Additionally, we assessed LNGTN's impact on apoptosis and autophagy. Following a 10‐week administration of DENA, the liver underwent damage marked by inflammation and early neoplastic alterations. Our study presents the first experimental evidence demonstrating that LNGTN can reinstate the aberrantly regulated FOXO3a activity by elevating the nuclear fraction of FOXO3a in comparison to the cytosolic fraction, subsequent to AMPK activation. Moreover, noteworthy inactivation of NFκB induced by LNGTN was observed. These effects culminated in the initiation of apoptosis, the activation of autophagy, and the manifestation of anti‐inflammatory, antiproliferative, and antiangiogenic outcomes. These effects were concomitant with improved liver function and microstructure. In conclusion, our findings open new avenues for the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting the AMPK/FOXO3a signaling pathway in the management of chronic liver damage.
A Brief Screening Tool for Risk of Self-Medication of Pain With Substance Use
Authors: Bush Nicholas J. , Ferguson Erin , Zale Emily , Boissoneault Jeff 
Published: February 2024

Objectives
Substance use and pain are both growing public health concerns globally. Evidence suggests that individuals may use substances in order to self-medicate their pain. The Catastrophizing, Anxiety, Negative Urgency, and Expectancy model was developed to provide a theoretical foundation for the modifiable risk factors implicated in self-medication of pain with substance use. This study aimed to use the outcomes in the Catastrophizing, Anxiety, Negative Urgency, and Expectancy model to develop a brief clinical screening tool to identify individuals at risk for self-medication.

Methods
Participants (N = 520; Mage = 38.8) were adults who endorsed the past three-month use of at least one substance and completed an online questionnaire. Logistic regression and receiver operator characteristic analyses were used to reduce the initial 104-item questionnaire to the items needed to achieve a minimum accuracy score of 0.95 and 0.90.

Results
A 14-item and a 7-item questionnaire were derived from the initial larger questionnaire. Both of these questionnaires were significantly correlated with the outcome variables and were significantly associated with health risk and percent of use because of pain. The R
2 values between the 14- and 7-item versions were only significantly different for the percent of alcohol use because of pain.

Conclusions
The study provides two brief screening tools to screen for individuals at risk for self-medication of pain with substance use that can be easily implemented within clinical settings. Further, the screening tools provide insight into modifiable risk factors for self-medication and may also be valuable to monitor treatment response.
Fixed- Versus Variable-Dose Prothrombin Complex Concentrate for the Emergent Reversal of Vitamin K Antagonists: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Alwakeal Amr , Maas Matthew B. , Naidech Andrew M. , Jahromi Babak S. , Potts Matthew B. 
Published: February 2024

OBJECTIVES:
Four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (4-PCC) is recommended for rapid reversal of vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) such as warfarin, yet optimal dosing remains uncertain.

DATA SOURCES:
A systematic review was conducted of PubMed, Embase, and Ovid MEDLINE (Wolters Kluwer) databases from January 2000 to August 2023 for clinical studies comparing fixed- vs. variable-dose 4-PCC for emergent VKA reversal with at least one reported clinical outcome.

STUDY SELECTION:
Abstracts and full texts were assessed independently and in duplicate by two reviewers.

DATA EXTRACTION:
Data were extracted independently and in duplicate by two reviewers using predefined extraction forms.

DATA SYNTHESIS:
The analysis comprised three randomized trials and 16 cohort studies comprising a total of 323 participants in randomized trials (161 in fixed dosage and 162 in variable dosage) and 1912 patients in cohort studies (858 in fixed-dose and 1054 in variable dose). Extracranial bleeding was the predominant indication, while intracranial hemorrhage varied. Overall, a fixed-dose regimen may be associated with a lower dose of 4-PCC and results in a reduction in 4-PCC administration time compared with a variable-dose regimen. A fixed-dose regimen also likely results in increased clinical hemostasis. While there is no clear difference between the two regimens in terms of achieving a goal international normalized ratio (INR) less than 2, a fixed-dose regimen is less likely to achieve a goal INR less than 1.5. High certainty evidence indicates that the fixed-dose regimen reduces both mortality and the occurrence of thromboembolic events. Additional subgroup analyses provides exploratory data to guide future studies.

CONCLUSIONS:
A fixed-dose regimen for 4-PCC administration provides benefits over a variable-dose regimen in terms of dose reduction, faster administration time, improved clinical hemostasis, and reduced mortality and thromboembolic events. Further studies are warranted to better refine the optimal fixed-dose regimen.
Body work and body meanings in patient-centered care
Authors: Brizio Greta Elisabetta , Paolino Chiara 
Published: February 2024

Background
This study integrates patient-centered care (PCC) research and body work studies to understand how a focus on physical and sensorial aspects in the relationship between health care professionals (HPs) and patients contribute to the implementation of PCC.

Purpose
To understand how HPs’ body work practices contribute to the implementation of PCC, we investigate the meanings HPs ascribe to their and to patients’ bodies. The goal is to grasp how these practices and meanings, rooted in unexplored sensorial perceptions, account for the emergence of a relationship of mutual acknowledgment between HPs and patients.

Methodology
Thirty-nine in-depth interviews were carried out with HPs, who interact with patients with disabilities in Italian hospitals.

Results
HPs engage in different body work practices: adopting a diagnostic gaze and an empathetic gaze, touching, and playing. The diagnostic gaze concurs to create a feeling of promptness between HPs and patients, but also a stronger distance with respect to other practices. The empathetic gaze, touching, and playing are associated with feelings of shared vulnerability and resilience. These shared perceptions and emotions build a common ground and shape a relationship focused on patients’ involvement.

Practice Implications

Voicing and feedback sessions can be arranged to listen to how HPs interpret their own and patients’ bodies. An organizational culture acknowledging emotions should be promoted to sponsor among HPs the consideration of the sensorial aspects of their connection with patients. The value of bricolage should be observed, where the HPs feel free to readjust tools, spaces, and routines. Sensitivity training exercises should be arranged to understand the interactions with patients with disabilities.
Ataxia telangiectasia: a rare case report from Nepal
Authors: Upreti Apil , Mandal Prince , Upreti Amit , Sapkota Srijana , Acharya Sristi , Yogi Avash , Gauchan Bikash , Bhattarai Suman , Thapa Lekhjung 
Published: February 2024

Introduction and importance:
Ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) is a rare autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder with early childhood onset. It’s characterized by ataxia, oculocutaneous telangiectasia, immunodeficiency, and lymphoid-origin cancer predisposition due to ATM gene mutations.

Case Presentation:
We present a 19-year-old girl with spastic movements since 18 months, leading to wheelchair dependence. Ocular telangiectasia, dystonic posture, and slurred speech were evident. Diagnosis involved elevated alpha-fetoprotein levels and typical brain imaging.

Clinical Discussion:
Ataxia telangiectasia due to ATM gene mutations located on chromosome 11q22-23. It has varied presentations categorized by age and features. Timely diagnosis relies on characteristic symptoms, lab findings, and imaging. Radiation sensitivity and increased cancer risk underscore cautious radiation use.

Conclusion:
Ataxia telangiectasia is a complex disorder with no cure. Genetic counseling for parents is vital. Its poor prognosis due to infection susceptibility and cancer risk necessitates supportive care. Comprehensive management, including genetic counseling and careful surveillance, is imperative.
Plasticity of the Arabidopsis leaf lipidome and proteome in response to pathogen infection and heat stress
Authors: Scholz Patricia , Doner Nathan M. , Gutbrod Katharina , Herrfurth Cornelia , Niemeyer Philipp , Lim Magdiel S. S. , Blersch Katharina , Schmitt Kerstin , Valerius Oliver , Shanklin John , Feussner Ivo , Dörmann Peter , Braus Gerhard H. , Mullen Robert T. , Ischebeck Till 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPlants must cope with a variety of stressors during their life cycle, and the adaptive responses to these environmental cues involve all cellular organelles. Among them, comparatively little is known about the contribution of cytosolic lipid droplets (LDs) and their core set of neutral lipids and associated surface proteins to the rewiring of cellular processes in response to stress. Here, we analyzed the changes that occur in the lipidome and proteome of Arabidopsis leaves after pathogen infection withBotrytis cinereaorPseudomonas syringae, or after heat stress. Analyses were carried out in wild-type plants and the oil-rich double mutanttgd1-1 sdp1-4that allowed for an allied study of the LD proteome in stressed leaves. Using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based methods, we show that a hyperaccumulation of the primary LD core lipid triacylglycerol is a general response to stress and that acyl chain and sterol composition are remodeled during cellular adaptation. Likewise, comparative analysis of the LD protein composition in stress-treated leaves highlighted the plasticity of the LD proteome as part of the general stress response. We further identified at least two additional LD-associated proteins, whose localization to LDs in leaves was confirmed by confocal microscopy of fluorescent protein fusions. Taken together, these results highlight LDs as dynamic contributors to the cellular adaptation processes that underlie how plants respond to environmental stress.One sentence summaryBiotic and heat stress strongly alters the lipidome and proteome of Arabidopsis leaves including the proteome of lipid droplets.