bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional analysis of six ORFs from Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome IV: two‐spored asci produced by disruptant of YDR027c and strain‐dependent DNA heterogeneity around YDR036c
Authors: Aittamaa Marja , Turakainen Hilkka , Korhola Matti 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSix S. cerevisiae FY1679 heterozygous deletion mutants were made by replacing six open reading frames (ORFs) of the chromosome IV right arm with kanMX4 selection marker. Haploid and homozygous diploid deletion mutants were obtained from sporulation, dissection and mating experiments. No essential genes were found. The basic phenotypic analysis showed that the haploid and homozygous deletants for the ORF YDR027c (LUV1, VSP54 or RKI1) grew slowly. The diploid homozygous deletants for this ORF had a low frequency of sporulation. They produced asci with no more than one or two haploid spores and the majority of these spores formed were not viable. The deletion of the other ORFs, YDR022c (CIS1), YDR030c (RAD28), YDR032c (PST2), YDR033w (MRH1) and YDR036c, did not change the phenotypes tested in strain FY1679 or the first four ORFs in strain CEN.PK2. This work showed some differences in the DNA sequences between FY1679 and CEN.PK2: the regions immediately 1 kb upstream from YDR036c in these two strains are too different to hybridize properly, preventing deletion of YDR036c in the CEN.PK2 background by recombination with a disruption cassette designed for FY1679. In addition, there are different sets of transposable elements on the other side of the ORF, the differences starting at about 3.5 kb downstream from YDR036c. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular cloning of the RPS0 gene from Candida tropicalis
Authors: Baquero Claudia , Montero Mercedes , Sentandreu Rafael , Valentin Eulogio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe Saccharomyces cerevisiae RPS0 A and B genes encode proteins essential for maturation of the 40S ribosomal subunit precursors. We have isolated a homologue of the RPS0 gene from Candida tropicalis, which we named CtRPS0. The C. tropicalis RPS0 encodes a protein of 261 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular weight of 28.65 kDa and an isoelectric point of 4.79. CtRps0p displays significant amino acid sequence homology with Rps0p from C. albicans, S. cerevisiae, Neurospora crassa, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Pneumocystis carinii and higher organisms, such as human, mouse and rat. CtRPS0 on a high copy number vector can complement the lethal phenotype linked to the disruption of both RPS0 genes in S. cerevisiae. Southern blot analysis suggests that CtRPS0 is present at a single locus within the C. tropicalis genome. The nucleotide sequence of the CtRPS0 has been deposited at the EMBL data library under Accession No AJ278686. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparisons among selected neonatal biomedical parameters of four species of semi‐free ranging Hippotragini: Addax (Addax nasomaculatus), scimitar‐horned oryx (Oryx dammah), Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx), and sable antelope (Hippotragus niger)
Authors: Ferrell Shannon T. , Radcliffe Robin W. , Marsh Rodney , Thurman Cathy B. , Cartwright Christine M. , De Maar Thomas W.J. , Blumer Evan S , Spevak Ed , Osofsky Steven A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBasic biomedical data from 164 neonates of four species of the tribe Hippotragini, addax (Addax nasomaculatus), scimitar‐horned oryx (Oryx dammah), Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx), and sable antelope (Hippotragus niger), were compared at one zoological institution over a 9‐year period. Measured biomedical parameters included body weight, temperature, pulse and respiratory rates, packed cell volume (PCV), total plasma protein, glucose, IgG assessment via zinc sulfate turbidity, and white blood cell count with differential. All species were maintained in a semi‐free ranging setting with the same diet, available shelter, and opportunity for social interaction. Based on clinical and field observations, all neonates used in the study were believed to be at least 24 hr old, to have bonded with the dam, and to have no obvious physical abnormalities. Median body weights were similar only in the addax and Arabian oryx with sable antelope having the largest median body weight. No significant differences in rectal temperatures or pulse rates were found among species. Median respiratory rates were similar between certain groups. Arabian oryx and scimitar‐horned oryx shared the highest packed cell volumes while the sable antelope had the lowest. Sable antelope had the highest median total plasma protein with no significant differences among the other species. Sable were also significantly lower in median blood glucose than the three other Hippotraginae. Zinc sulfate turbidities in all species were similar. Addax had higher median total white blood cell counts than sable. No significant differences in the median numbers of segmented neutrophils, band neutrophils, and eosinophils were detected among species. Basophils were only found in the scimitar‐horned oryx in one animal. Addax had higher median lymphocyte counts than sable and Arabian oryx as well as higher median monocyte counts than sable. All four species exhibited higher median counts of neutrophils compared with lymphocytes. The biomedical differences observed highlight the importance of having an accurate database of clinical normal values against which to evaluate neonatal health. Zoo Biol 20:47–54, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of Surgery for Gallbladder Carcinoma with Special Reference to Lymph Node Metastasis and Stage Using Western and Japanese Classification Systems
Authors: Chijiiwa Kazuo , Noshiro Hirokazu , Nakano Kenji , Okido Masayuki , Sugitani Atsushi , Yamaguchi Koji , Tanaka Masao 
Published: August 2002

Abstract.The role of radical resection in the treatment of gallbladder carcinoma was examined with special reference to lymph node metastasis using two classifications: one proposed by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) and the other by the Japanese Society of Biliary Surgery (JSBS). Histologic evaluations for the depth of tumor invasion (T), lymph node metastasis (N), stage, and follow‐up for a mean period of 38 months (range 4–185 months) were completed in 52 patients with gallbladder carcinoma who underwent surgical resection from 1982 to 1997. The definition of T was similar in the two classifications. The extent of nodal involvement (N, AJCC; n, JSBS), stage, and survival were examined. In the absence of lymph node metastasis, the 5‐year survival rate reached 71%. The 5‐year survival rate in patients with involved nodes confined to the hepatoduodenal ligament, posterosuperior pancreaticoduodenal region, or along the common hepatic artery (N1 and part of N2 by AJCC; n1 and n2 by JSBS) approximated 28%. In contrast, postoperative survival was poor in the presence of more extensive nodal involvement (rest of N2 by AJCC; n3 and n4 by JSBS), with no 2‐year survivors. The definition of stage I was the same in both classifications, and all patients in this stage are alive. The 5‐year survival rates in stages II and III by the AJCC were 70.7% and 22.4%, respectively, and those by JSBS 61.9% and 23.1%, respectively. Thus the survival rates in stages I to III were essentially similar irrespective of the staging system. Stage IV showed significantly worse survival than stage III by the JSBS classification. In contrast, the differentiation of stage IV from III by the AJCC was not significant because of the better survival in stage IV that contained any T with nodal involvement in the posterosuperior pancreaticoduodenal region and along the common hepatic artery. Radical resection should be considered for patients with stage I to III disease defined by either classification and applied to the tumor invasion up to T3 with nodal involvement confined to the hepatoduodenal ligament, posterosuperior pancreaticoduodenal region, and along the common hepatic artery. The role of radical surgery seems to be limited in patients with more extensive tumor invasion or lymph node metastasis.
Results of Liver Transplantation for Gastroenteropancreatic Tumor Metastases
Authors: Anthuber Matthias , Jauch Karl‐Walter , Briegel Josef , Groh Jochen , Schildberg Friedrich W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDuring the early 1980s liver transplantation (LTx) was expected to be a promising therapeutic option for patients with primary or secondary tumors confined to the liver. Because of disappointing results owing to death from early recurrence, LTx is currently restricted to well selected patients with small primary tumors and, in the case of liver metastases, to those with metastases of gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) tumor origin only. In our series of 300 liver transplantations four patients with GEP tumor metastases underwent LTx. The primary tumors were one neuroendocrine kidney tumor, one glucagonoma of the pancreas, and two cases of carcinoids of the pancreas. Because of local metastatic lymph node involvement upper gastrointestinal exenteration followed by LTx was performed in two patients. No patient survived beyond 33 months after LTx. Three patients died from tumor recurrence. In one patient who died from fungal sepsis autopsy revealed spine metastases that had been missed before LTx. Our dismal results do not compare well with promising data published previously by others for this particular patient group. Under the pressure of an increasing donor organ shortage, patients with GEP tumor metastases should be selected carefully for LTx.
Percutaneous Needle Biopsy of the Pancreas: When Should It Be Performed?
Authors: Tillou Areti , Schwartz Mary R. , Jordan Paul H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIs it appropriate for a good risk patient with a clinical history or imaging studies suggestive of an operable pancreatic neoplasm to undergo a percutaneous fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) prior to operation? A group of 118 patients who underwent percutaneous FNAB of the pancreas between 1987 and 1993 were evaluated retrospectively. The initial readings of the biopsies were positive for neoplasm in 78 patients and negative in 32. Four suspicious biopsies were included with the positive biopsies for analysis, and four unsatisfactory biopsies were added to the negative biopsies. Operation was performed on 57 of the 118 patients; 39 of these patients had a positive and 18 a negative FNAB. Of the 18 patients with a negative biopsy, 12 were proved to have neoplasia at operation. No operation was performed on 61 patients; 43 of these patients had a positive and 18 a negative FNAB. Three patients with a negative biopsy were treated with chemotherapy, and three subsequently died of pancreatic cancer. It was concluded that because the sensitivity of percutaneous FNAB is only 84% the procedure should be limited to patients suspected of having pancreatic cancer deemed technically inoperable or medically unsuitable for operation.
General Pattern of Lymph Node Metastasis in Early Gastric Carcinoma
Authors: Namieno Tsutomu , Koito Kazumitsu , Higashi Tsunemi , Sato Naoki , Uchino Jun‐ichi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA reliable method for recognizing lymph node metastasis is indispensable for the attending physician to recommend less extensive treatment for early gastric carcinoma. Here we review 1137 consecutive patients with a single primary lesion, and the incidence and distribution of nodal involvement were investigated for correlations with pathologic findings. The overall incidence of metastasis was 9.5%: 2.6% for mucosal and 16.5% for submucosal carcinomas, a significant difference. The occurrence of metastasis was highest for lesions of the macroscopically mixed type, microscopically diffuse type, and large size. The involved nodes were most frequently found in the perigastric nodes along the lesser and greater curvatures, and it was well correlated with the tumor location, macroscopically depressed/mixed type, cancer depth, and histology. The diffuse‐type carcinomas were most likely to metastasize to distant nodes. The distribution of involved nodes for early gastric carcinoma was similar to that for advanced carcinoma, as previously been reported. The submucosal carcinomas in this series had no indications for less extensive treatment, such as endoscopic or laparoscopic limited surgery. These carcinomas should be subject to standard surgery with gastrectomy and combined dissection of lymph nodes, especially node stations 1 and 3 to 8. The mucosal carcinomas sometimes involved the perigastric nodes, and such cases underwent gastrectomy and lymphadenectomy of node stations 1 and 3 to 7. Mucosal carcinomas 10 mm or less in size were negative for lymph node metastasis and were considered appropriate for less extensive treatment.
Influence of Associated Viral Hepatitis Status on Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Hepatectomy
Authors: Ko Saiho , Nakajima Yoshiyuki , Kanehiro Hiromichi , Kin Tatsuya , Aomatsu Yukio , Yoshimura Atsushi , Taki Junichiro , Yagura Kazuaki , Ohashi Kazuo , Nakano Hiroshige 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the histologic status of underlying chronic liver disease from a viewpoint of multicentric hepatocarcinogenesis. Sixty‐eight patients who underwent curative resection of HCC and have been followed for more than 2 years are reported. Based on the microscopic findings of the noncancerous part of the liver, the patients were divided into normal liver (N,n= 2), chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH,n= 6), chronic aggressive hepatitis (CAH,n= 31), and liver cirrhosis (LC,n= 29) according to a classification by the European Association for the Study of the Liver. Background data for the groups showed no significant differences. Recurrence was observed in none of the patients in the N and CPH groups, 26 (83.9%) of the patients in the CAH group, and 12 (41.4%) of the patients in the LC group. The cumulative disease‐free survival rate of the CAH group was significantly lower than that of the CPH group (p< 0.05) and LC group (p< 0.01). This study revealed that the histologic status of the underlying chronic liver disease influenced the recurrence rate in patients with HCC. CAH was considered to be a risk factor for recurrence after resection of HCC.
Chemotherapy for the Treatment of Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: An Overview
Authors: Isacoff William H. , Borud Katrina 
Published: August 2002

AbstractApproximately 50% of patients with colorectal cancer develop locally recurrent or distant metastatic disease during the course of their illness and eventually die. Since the 1950s the mainstay of treatment for patients in need of palliative therapy has been and continues to be the fluoropyrimidines. When
5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) was first introduced into the clinic it was used as a single agent given by rapid intravenous injection. Results with this drug have been disappointing, with response rates consistently low, usually of brief duration, and with little or no impact on survival. During the 1970s and 1980s, multidrug regimens were evaluated with little or no improvement in outcome. More recently, our understanding of the metabolism, pharmacology, and the mechanisms of action as well as the potential mechanisms of resistance to 5‐FU has led to its more rational use. This knowledge has resulted in the design of treatment programs with improved therapeutic effects by changing its route of administration, combining it with biochemical modulators and using it in conjunction with other chemotherapeutic agents. These strategies have created new optimism for improved results with less toxicity. More potent inhibitors of thymidylate synthase (TS) such as tomudex and trimetrexate have been developed and are currently being evaluated in the clinic either alone or in combination with 5‐FU. Semisynthetic topoisomerase inhibitors such as irinotecan have shown encouraging results as first‐line therapy, in combination with 5‐FU or as salvage therapy.
Effect of Hepatic Invasion on the Choice of Hepatic Resection for Advanced Carcinoma of the Gallbladder: Histologic Analysis of 32 Surgical Cases
Authors: Ogura Yoshifumi , Tabata Masami , Kawarada Yoshifumi , Mizumoto Ryuji 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess the patterns of hepatic invasion in advanced carcinoma of the gallbladder by histologically examining surgical specimens obtained in 32 cases of hepatectomy for that carcinoma. Two modes of microscopic tumor extension were observed. The expansive pattern was restricted to liver‐bed carcinomas, in which the tumor extends into the liver, primarily from the liver bed. Most of the infiltrating patterns were found with hepatic‐hilar carcinomas, in which the tumor invades the hepatic hilum along Glisson’s sheath, especially tumors exhibiting a discontinuous front of tumor invasion. The average width for wedge resection of the liver bed was 15.6 ± 2.9 mm, in contrast to 25.6 ± 8.1 mm for resection of segments IVa and V and 44.1 ± 10.3 mm for extensive hepatic resection (both
p < 0.01). When the hepatic invasion distance is more than 20 mm, the tumor should be selectively managed by extensive hepatic resection, such as extended right hepatic lobectomy or central bisegmentectomy. The results suggest that wedge resection of the liver bed and resection of segments IVa and V are advisable for carcinoma localized to the gallbladder alone and for liver‐bed carcinoma with slight hepatic invasion and an expansive tumor growth pattern. Extensive hepatic resection, however, is recommended for carcinoma of the invasive liver‐bed type and carcinoma of the hepatic‐hilar type.
Retroperitoneal Adrenalectomy: Open or Endoscopic?
Authors: Bonjer H. Jaap , van der Harst Erwin , Steyerberg Ewout W. , de Herder Wouter W. , Kazemier Geert , Mohammedamin Robert S.A. , Bruining Hajo A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractConventional adrenalectomy requires relatively large incisions. To assess the value of retroperitoneal endoscopic adrenalectomy, a case–control study was performed comparing the endoscopic technique to conventional posterior adrenalectomy. All patients had adrenal tumors less than 7 cm in diameter. Endoscopic retroperitoneal adrenalectomy required more operative time (90 vs. 60 minutes,
p < 0.0001) than the open approach but was associated with less blood loss (20 vs. 125 ml, p < 0.0001). Endoscopic adrenalectomy caused less pain postoperatively (p= 0.0005) and was associated with fewer complications (p= 0.035). The hospital stay was shorter after endoscopic adrenalectomy than after open adrenalectomy (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, we advocate endoscopic retroperitoneal adrenalectomy in patients with small adrenal tumors.
Effect of avian predation on survival of leaf‐rolling lepidopterous larvae
Authors: Murakami Masashi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractManipulative field experiments were performed in a northern Japanese deciduous forest to determine the role of avian predation in the survival of three leaf‐rolling lepidopterous larvae (Homonopsis foedenratana, Archips viola, and Zeiraphera corpulentana) on Japanese lilac (Syringa reticulata) trees. When all leaf rolls on the lilacs were experimentally removed, the visitation rate of birds declined, indicating that the leaf rolls served as a visual cue for the birds. In a second experiment in which birds were excluded from the lilac trees, the survival of H. foedenratana larvae was improved, whereas the mortality of the other two Lepidoptera stayed the same. This is probably the result of differences in the shape of leaf rolls; larvae of H. foedenratana alter the leaf form to a greater extent, which may facilitate the detection of the rolls by birds. The high predation rate on the tight leaf rolls of H. foedenratana may be offset by enhanced resistance against other predators and better food quality for the enclosed larvae.
Multiple Modes of Transcriptional Regulation by the HIV‐1 Tat Transactivator
Authors: Marcello Alessandro , Zoppé Monica , Giacca Mauro 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRegulation of HIV‐1 gene expression by the viral Tat trans ‐activator is a critical step in the viral life cycle. Tat acts as a highly unusual transcription factor that interacts with a stem‐loop RNA structure (TAR) found at the 5 end of all viral transcripts. There, it induces a modification of chromatin at the HIV‐1 long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter and stimulates the recruitment of elongationcompetent RNA polymerase II complexes capable of processive transcription. Increase of transcriptional elongation is the consequence of the interaction of Tat with cyclin T1, the cyclin component of CDK9, which phosphorylates the carboxy‐terminal domain of RNA polymerase II to enhance its processivity. Tat‐induced transcriptional activation of the LTR promoter is concomitant with recruitment of the transcriptional coactivators p300 and the highly homologue cAMP‐responsive transcription factor binding protein (CBP). These large proteins act at the level of transcriptional initiation by bridging the basal transcription machinery with specific transcriptional activators. Furthermore, p300/CBP are histone acetyl‐transferases capable of modulating the interaction of nucleosomes with DNA and with chromatin remodeling complexes. Besides histones, Tat itself is a substrate for the enzymatic activity of p300/CBP and of the associated factor P/CAF, suggesting a regulatory role of acetylation on the protein itself. Devising a unifying model for LTR activation that includes activities of Tat at the levels of both transcriptional initiation and transcriptional elongation is a challenging task at this moment. Nevertheless, protein localization studies indicate that both cyclin T1 and p300/CBP co‐localize in specific subnuclear compartments, thus suggesting participation of both proteins in the formation of multimolecular complexes governing coordinated steps of transcriptional activation.