bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishing the Ordo docendi: The Organization of Calvin’s Institutes, 1536-1559
Authors: Muller Richard A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The text-history and theological development of Calvin’s Institutes has been the subject of considerable scholarly discussion—from the foundational essays prepared by the nineteenth-century editors of the Opera Calvini and the refined theological and textual analyses of Kostlin, Autin, and Marmlestein to the now-classic essay of Warfield and the highly focused studies of Pannier and Benoit. Most of the detailed efforts to understand Calvin’s thought processes and intentions, however, have been focused on either the origins of his work in the 1536 Institutes or the final form of his work in the 1559 Latin and 1560 French Institutes. There have been but few examinations of the intervening editions from 1539 to 1557, and there have been virtually no concentrated analyses of the form and content of the great transition from the first edition of 1536 to the edition of 1539 and those that immediately followed it.
Prayer Without Language in the Mystical Tradition
Authors: Lane Belden C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Karl Barth once remarked that doing theology is like trying to paint a bird in flight. It is always a hazardous task, one that never improves on the original. Perhaps the first danger of the theologian is being able to write without astonishment. “Wonder” is the only adequate category by which theologians properly begin and end their work.
Introduction: Mystical Consciousness, the Innate Capacity, and the Perennial Psychology
Authors: Forman Robert K C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is commonly observed that many, if not most, seminal religious leaders have undergone some form of mystical experiences. Less commonly known is how surprisingly widespread such experiences are; summarizing several large-scale studies, David Hay, in Religious Experience Today, concludes that nearly half-43 percent of all Americans and 48 percent of all British people-have had one or more mystical experiences. These experiences are not confined to the uneducated; more than half of all college graduates have had such experiences.
Gregory Of Tours’s Life Of The Fathers
Authors: Kitchen John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Among other functions suitable to a poet and writer patronized by the social and clerical elite, Fortunatus occasionally served as the professional propagandist for his friend and fellow hagiographer, Georgius Florentius Gregorius, a Gallo-Roman aristocrat who succeeded his mother’s cousin Eufronius as the bishop of Tours in 573. According to one estimate, nearly three-quarters of the extant literary works written during the Merovingian period belong to Fortunatus and his episcopal companion, the author known to us today as Gregory of Tours. Of the two, Gregory is distinguished as “the principal hagiographic authority for the sixth century.” Such a claim undoubtedly rests on the sheer bulk of his writing, which surpasses that of Fortunatus and makes Gregory one of the most prolific authors in the history of hagiographic literature. Given his remarkable literary output and the breadth of religious life revealed by his writings, a consideration of Gregory’s depiction of holiness is essential to any study purporting to deal with the early Merovingian image of sanctity. As was the case in our examination of Fortunatus, an investigation of Gregory’s Vitae will allow us to enter one of the main hagiographic currents of sixth-century Gaul.
Introduction
Authors: Frye Susan , Robertson Karen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Women’s Alliances In Early modern England have tended to be obscured by the impressive body of scholarship devoted to male alliances, even though the connections of women were often constructed through and interactive with those of males. Men’s alliances, formalized in such institutions as the guild, government, law, church, and university, left behind the records, architecture, and literature that have invited generations of scholars to codify them. As a result, entire libraries are filled with books analyzing men’s connections. The relations among women, whether competitive or supportive, have proved not only less visible but also more difficult to reconstruct, often because women did not formally record their activities or seek memorialization in material structures.
“No Good Thing Ever Comes Out of It”: Male Expectation and Female Alliance in Dekker and Webster’s Westward Ho
Authors: Morgan-Russell Simon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To Remark That The transaction of adultery requires at least two willing participants might seem to make an obvious point; it is perhaps less obvious to point out that the adulterous liaison itself requires a locus for its transaction. In many examples of early seventeenth-century literary culture, the market town of Brentford in Middlesex is depicted as a point of rendezvous for actors in adulterous affairs-as an iniquitous getaway, a location for a “dirty weekend.” Although several economic, political, and topographical factors may have contributed to the town’s mythical status, the representation of sexual escape from London to Brentford usually assumes that the trips are taken to the mutual pleasure of both participants in the adulterous liaison. In Thomas Dekker and John Webster’s Westward Ho (1604), however, an alliance of citizen wives critiques this assumption by exploiting the freedom granted by Brentford’s separation from the City of London’s jurisdiction and governance. Even though the text seems initially to indulge the geography of male, homosocially inscribed pleasure-the men seem at least partially motivated by their mutual participation in the myth of the Brentford trip-the female characters refuse to fulfill male fantasy and expectation and form alliances to disappoint them. In this essay I explore the male-authored topos of Brentford in the first few decades of the seventeenth century and examine its particular disruption by women
A P[ar]cell of Murdereing Bitches”: Female Relationships in an Eighteenth-Century Slaveholding Household
Authors: Brown Kathleen M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It Was A Sultry August Morning In 1714 at the Tayloe plantation in Lancaster County, Virginia. Betty Mazey, a hired white woman, was spinning in the lodging chamber of the main house. Mary, an enslaved woman of African descent, was beginning her daily chores of cooking, fetching water, gardening, and laundering. In addition to these two women, an Indian1 servant woman worked in and around the buildings of the main house, sharing with Mary the responsibility for the most strenuous and least desirable household tasks. Madam Anne Tayloe, widow and mistress of this household of female laborers, had left the main house for the plantation “office,” one of several small buildings clustered nearby that gave the plantation the appearance of a manorial village. Normally, such an office might have been the site of the plantation’s bookkeeping, where a diligent owner attempted to balance the credit for tobacco shipped to London with expenditures for clothing, tools, supplies for slaves, and wages. At adjacent offices, or” dependencies,” as they were also known, African, Indian, and white laborers performed the hot, unpleasant labor of cooking, laundry, and craftswork that allowed the plantation to function.
Korea
Authors: Patterson James T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There are few monuments in the United States commemorating the Korean War. By the 1960s most Americans had tried to put the war out of memory. Many who later saw “M*A*S*H,” the popular TV series about an American medical unit in Korea, assumed that the episodes were set in Vietnam. Other Americans recalled the war as a relatively insignificant “police action,” as Truman called it on one occasion. One book on the conflict is entitled The Forgotten War.
Ike
Authors: Patterson James T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A poll of historians conducted by Arthur Schlesinger in 1962 ranked President Dwight D. Eisenhower as number twenty-one among the thirty-four Presidents in American history before that time. He stood near the bottom of “average” presidents, tied with Chester Arthur and just ahead of Andrew Johnson. That changed. A poll twenty years later placed Eisenhower ninth among the ten best, between Truman and James K. Polk.
Mass Consumer Culture
Authors: Patterson James T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To listen to commentators on American cultural life in the 1950s was often to hear a litany of complaints: the mass media were debasing public taste, sexual license was threatening traditional morality, juvenile delinquency was overrunning society, and generational change-a “youth culture”-was undermining the stability of family and community. Here are a few of the voices:--On the mass media, especially television: ‘The repetitiveness, the selfsameness, and the ubiquity of modern mass culture tend to make for automatized reactions and to weaken the forces of individual resistance.”
Lyndon Johnson and American Liberalism
Authors: Patterson James T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Five days after Kennedy’s assassination Lyndon Johnson went to Capitol Hill to address the Congress. Millions of Americans across the country watched anxiously. The new President, a tall and deliberate man, spoke slowly and clearly. “All I have,” he said, “I would gladly have given not to be standing here today.” He then moved to his main theme, that he would finish what Kennedy had started: “John F. Kennedy lives on.... No words are sad enough to express our sense of loss. No words are strong enough to express our determination to continue the forward thrust of America that he began.”
Rancor and Richard Nixon
Authors: Patterson James T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Eight months after Richard Nixon assumed office a gigantic “happening” transformed the 600-acre farm of Max Yasgur in Bethel, New York. Promoters hailed the event as “An Aquarian Exposition” and named it the Woodstock Music and Art Fair, Woodstock being the name of a nearby town. It was conservatively estimated that 400,000 people, most of them in their teens and twenties, flocked to “Woodstock” for the three-day event on August 15-17. Mammoth traffic jams prevented hundreds of thousands more from taking part in the revelry.
Nixon, Vietnam, and the World, 1969-1974
Authors: Patterson James T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Nixon, a student of international relations, was confident that he could allay world tensions. Although he had been one of the nation’s most partisan Cold Warriors, he had gradually softened his rhetoric in the 196os. He came to the presidency with the hope of bringing about better relations, later billed as detente, with the Soviet Union, and of opening dialogue with the People’s Republic of China. During his years in office Nixon made a little progress toward these goals, enhancing greatly his image in time for the presidential election campaign in 1972. Triumphantly returned to power, he managed to reach a cease-fire in Vietnam in January 1973. In the process, however, he pursued policies—notably concerning Vietnam—that prolonged and sharpened rancor in the United States. Many of his efforts in foreign affairs, like those on the home front, were designed to win personal political objectives, not to break decisively with policies of the past. When he left office in August 1974, the Cold War—a constant of the years since 1945—remained about as frigid as ever.
End of an Era? Expectations amid Watergate and Recession
Authors: Patterson James T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Even as the United States was pulling the last of its soldiers out of combat in Vietnam, the scandal known as Watergate was beginning to wreck Nixon’s second administration. From then until he resigned under fire in August 1974 the President found himself driven ever more into a corner. As he ran for safety he shed advisers, including Haldeman and Ehrlichman, who were involved in his cover-up of the break-in at the Watergate complex in Washington. But one bizarre development after another, including the revelation in July 1973 that the President secretly taped conversations in the Oval Office, gave him no rest. By itself the break-in was petty, but Nixon’s attempts to cover it up were crude, cynical, and illegal acts to obstruct justice. The prolonged but often exciting events of the Watergate scandal ultimately created a constitutional crisis and further polarized the nation.
Johannine Studies: The Three Ages of Interpretation
Authors: Brodie Thomas L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To set the historical and literary methods in perspective, this opening chapter summarizes very briefly certain basic aspects of the history of biblical interpretation, particularly as that history impinges on Johannine studies. To some degree the process of interpreting the Bible is easy. There are many passages which almost never fail to provide some form of meaning, whether instruction or encouragement or enjoyment. But a more complete process of interpreting requires many competencies or skills. In interpreting the NT, for instance, it is useful to know Greek. it is also useful, given the fact that there are variants among the ancient manuscripts, if one is experienced in textual criticism.
The Design 2. The Central Focus: Stages of Living and Believing
Authors: Brodie Thomas L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The design (plan/structure) of (he gospel is not a secondary matter, to be dealt with summarily after treating the weighty issues of history and theology. It is integral to the question of co,1tent-rather as discerning a family’s structure is integral to understanding a complex household. Design and content are inter woven, design with theology, content with form; discerning one helps to discern the other. It is appropriate, therefore, when making a proposal regarding the essence of the design, to take account of views concerning content.
The Design 3. A Complementary Aspect: Life as Descent and Ascent
Authors: Brodie Thomas L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Of all the language patterns used to describe Jesus, one of the most basic is that of an enigmatic process whereby a person who has descended from heaven reascends to where he was before (3:13; 6:33-58; 20:17; cf. “lifting up,” 3:14; 8:28; 12:32-34). This descent-ascent pattern, however, is not about Jesus alone. Meeks (1972, 67- 70) in particular has indicated that it implies something about the com munity: if Jesus is someone apart, someone whom outsiders do not understand, then the community also stands apart, an enigma. This conclusion is applicable not only to a small local community but also to a community which seeks to be universal. Like Jesus, the whole church is an enigma.
Part 1 □The First Year
Authors: Brodie Thomas L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Part 1 constitutes an initial synthesis of the entire gospel. First there is the striking overture, the prologue, which introduces both Part 1 and the gospel as a whole (1:1-18). Then there is a week-long drama of revelation-and-response-a summary both of the work of God (in John the Baptizer, Jesus, and the disciples), and of the disciples’ advance towards believing (1:19-2:11). And finally, through a Passover in which Jesus cleanses the temple and speaks cryptically of his own death and resurrection, there is an intimation of the decisive event which will form the body of believers (2:12-22).
The Last Discourse
Authors: Brodie Thomas L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
These five chapters have a unique appeal. Here the deeds and words of Jesus reach a new level of calm intensity, and this shared quality lends to the entire text a certain unity. This general unity of quality is reinforced by a unity of setting: within John’s gospel these five chapters are placed in the context of Jesus’ final supper and as such they stand out clearly from all that precedes and follows. Furthermore, there is general agreement among researchers that in writing this account the evangelist made use of a specific literary convention, “the well established literary pattern of attributing to famous men farewell speeches delivered before death” (Brown, 598; see Cortes, 1976).
Modernity as Ideal and Curse
Authors: Alonso Carlos J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Two Quotations that serve as introduction to this chapter are opening statements in more than one fashion. Beyond their formal liminar function as epigraphs, I wish to invoke them as a point of departure for the discussion of a rhetorical characteristic that I will argue is typical of most Spanish American texts. In this regard, the two fragments are particularly useful since by all accounts they are representative of two diametrically opposed attitudes concerning the problems of cultural identity and cultural politics, as well as of their mutual articulation. The quotation by Garcia Canclini is tinged with the knowledge of a presumably failed timetable, with the awareness of a thwarted historical development, and is shaped by an uneasy mixture of a feigned exasperation regarding the deficiencies of the present and a sense that something has been lost, perhaps irretrievably.
Death and Resurrections
Authors: Alonso Carlos J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One Of The Most Persistent Themes over time in the critical literature on Horacio Quiroga’s oeuvre has been the constant and overwhelming presence of death, both in the Uruguayan writer’s personal life and in his work. With regard to his literary production, it would be difficult to disagree with Jaime Alazraki when he notes that “de frente o de soslayo el tema de la muerte entra en easi todos los euentos de Horacio Quiroga”stories].
The Elementary Structure of Kinship
Authors: Alonso Carlos J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
La Tia Ulia Y El Escribidor is widely regarded to be representative of a significant transformation that occurred in Vargas Llosa’s literary production-a shift that purportedly had begun with the author’s previous novel, Pantaleon y las visitadoras, published in 1973.1 This “new” phase of Vargas Llosa’s novelistic production is considered as having marked the inflection in his works of some of the qualities and concerns that are understood to be characteristic of literary postmodernism: humor, the literary exploration and exploitation of low cultural discourses, the undermining of the novelistic subject as an organizing principle, the radical questioning of ideological commitment, and so on.
The Comprehensive wilaya of the Jurists
Authors: Sachedina Abdulaziz Abdulhussein 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In my study of the Imamite theory of political authority I have discussed the concept of wiliiya and its ramifications for the lmamite classification of “just” (‘iidil) and “unjust” (jii’ir) authority. The exercise of legal and moral authority (saltana) through the demand of obedience without proper designation by God in the form of wiliiya (the faculty of that authority), which enables a person to assume authority in the Muslim umma, was, according to the Imamite theology, an act of injustice because it was tantamount to encroaching upon the right of an individual in whom al-wilayat al-iliihiyya (the divine sovereignty) had been invested by God. Accordingly, the question of wiliiya, more particularly al-wiliiyat al-’iimma (the allcomprehensive authority), in the case of Imamite jurists who were required to assume the exercise of authority affecting the religious-socio-political structure of the Imamite community, was of great consequence for the Imamite theory of political authority.
Constructing A Jewish Sexual Ethic : A Rejoinder To David Novak And Judith Plaskow
Authors: Newman Louis E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The essays of Professors Novak and Plaskow address themselves to two basic questions: (i) what is, or should be, the Jewish teaching with respect to homosexuality? and (z) how and why is that teaching relevant to moral and legal discussions regarding homosexuality in our democratic and pluralistic society? It is evident that these two distinguished scholars have quite different responses to these questions, but before turning to the details of their views, I wish to attend briefly to questions of a methodological nature. Specifically, what does it mean to offer a Jewish position on homosexuality? What do we understand ourselves to be doing when we offer such a view and how do we proceed, as a practical matter, in constructing it? Professors Novak and Plaskow share more in the way of common methodological assumptions than might at first be apparent.
Introduction To Essays Representing Mainline Protostant Churches
Authors: Green Keith 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Gays and lesbians challenge not only contemporary Christian sexual ethics but also political ethics and ecclesial politics. Ecumenical Protestants interminably debate the moral status of sexual relations of gay men and lesbians, and draw from their positions a variety of implications for political ethics and ecclesial politics. Evangelical Protestants exhibit more consensus in their view that samegender sexual relations are morally wrong, but like their kin in the ecumenical churches, they debate the implications of this belief for policy and legal issues regarding gays and lesbians. These issues include legal protection from discrimination based upon sexual orientation, the decriminalization of sodomy, the legal status of lesbian and gay relationships, and the adoption of children by gays and lesbians. The essays in this section of the volume represent different ways that ecumenical Protestants relate sexual ethics and political ethics, with particular attention to the question of the ecclesiastical celebration of same-gender unions.
The Prophetic Stand Of The Ecumenical Churches On Homosexuality
Authors: Stackhouse Max L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Over the last quarter-century, a debate has raged in the ecumenical Protestant churches belonging to the National and World Councils of Churches. It is about sexuality, particularly homosexuality. The discussion has been intense. In fact, more church documents, statements, background papers, study books, and proposals have been written on human sexuality in this period than in any comparable period of church history. More than one hundred and fifty of the most important documents from Catholic, evangelical, and ecumenical Protestant sources have been collected in a recent set of volumes, and it is likely that the results can already be discerned, although some advocates argue that debates are just getting started.
Sexual Orientation And Human Rights Discourse I The African-American Churchas
Authors: Sanders Cheryl J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I will begin by addressing in very broad strokes the history and tradition of the African-American religious community with respect to same-sex orientation, preference, and conduct. What follows is an outline of a moral stance that argues for strong prescriptive advocacy of covenanted monogamous heterosexual unions in light of the ongoing disintegration of family and parenting structures in the African-American community. I will conclude by noting some key implications of this particular moral stance for African-American participation in the formulation of law and public policy regarding legal protection from discrimination on the basis of same-sex domestic partnerships.