bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Set-Covering Approach to Customized Coverage Instrumentation
Authors: Michini Carla , Ohmann Peter , Liblit Ben , Linderoth Jeff 
Published: October 2023

Program coverage customization selectively adds instrumentation to a compiled computer program so that a limited amount of directly observed data can be used to infer other program coverage information after a run. A good instrumentation plan can reduce run-time overheads while still giving software developers the information they need. Unfortunately, optimal coverage planning is NP-hard, limiting either the quality of heuristic plans or the sizes of programs that can be instrumented optimally. We exploit the monotonicity property of feasible instrumentations to formulate this problem as an intraprocedural set covering problem. Our formulation has an exponential number of constraints, and we design a polynomial-time separation algorithm to incrementally add the necessary subset of these inequalities. Our approach reduces expected run-time probing costs compared with existing methods, offers a guarantee of the optimality of the instrumentation, and has compilation-time overhead suitable for wide practical use. History: Accepted by Pascal Van Hentenryck, Area Editor for Computational Modeling: Methods & Analysis. Funding: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation [Grants CCF-1318489, CCF-1420866, and CCF-1423237] and the Air Force Research Laboratory [Grant FA8750-14-2-0270]. Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2021.0349 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2021.0349 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .
Systemic Portfolio Diversification
Authors: Capponi Agostino , Weber Marko 
Published: October 2023

We study the portfolio choice problem of banks, taking into account losses due to fire-sale spillovers. We show that the optimal asset allocation can be recovered as the unique Nash equilibrium of a potential game. Our analysis highlights the key tradeoff between individual diversification and systemic risk. In a stylized model economy featuring two banks and two assets, we show that sacrificing individual diversification to reduce portfolio commonality increases the likelihood of a sale event, while simultaneously decreasing the probability of a costly systemic sell-off. Banks have stronger incentives to achieve systemic diversification if there is more heterogeneity in leverage among them, leading to a decrease in the overall vulnerability of the system. We provide numerical evidence that our conclusions are robust with respect to the number of banks and assets in the system. Funding: The research of A. Capponi has been supported by the NSF/CMMI CAREER-1752326 award. The research of M. Weber has been supported by the NUS Start-Up Grant [A-0004587-00-00].
Assessment of COVID-19-related medical device regulator policies on entry to market for prioritised devices: a case study
Authors: Bergmann Jeroen , Ceross Aaron 
Published: October 2023

Background/Aims In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, medical devices were given exceptional use authorisations. Medical device regulators around the world modified their administrative approach to medical device approval to ensure that relevant devices and personal protection equipment would be available to healthcare professionals and patients. Using data from medical device regulators in the US and Australia, this study assessed the impact of COVID-19-related regulatory modifications implemented to allow quick market entry of relevant equipment, and how data science techniques can help to inform future policy. Methods Data from the US Food and Drug Administration's Global Unique Device Identification Database and the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration's Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods were used as case studies to explore the effects of policy changes. All COVID-19-related devices and personal protective equipment were identified in the data using the Global Medical Device Nomenclature system and device descriptions. A 10-day and 20-day moving average was applied to assess how many of these devices reached the market between 30 July 2019 and 24 June 2020. Results In both the US and Australian datasets, the number of market entries increased after the pandemic began. However, the impact of the Australian policy appeared to be greater than that of the US, as there was a considerable increase in the number of personal protective equipment and COVID-19-related device registrations following the declaration of the pandemic in Australia, while the impact on the US data was relatively minimal. Conclusions In general, market entry of relevant equipment increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, indicating the possible impact of policy changes. The kind of data captured in national databases greatly influences the ability to accurately track performance of regulatory policy changes. This work shows the potential of using data science in a regulatory context to assess if a policy change creates the desired effect.
The role of formal training in building healthcare management competencies
Authors: Ochonma Ogbonnia , Chijioke Udunma , Ingwu Justin , Nwodoh Chijioke , Nwankwor Chikezie , Henry-Arize Ifeyinwa , Ezenduka Charles 
Published: October 2023

Background/AimsThere has been a growing interest and need for formal competency-based professional education for enhancing both individual and organisational performance in hospital management in Nigeria. This study investigated the relationship between formal managerial education and measurable competencies among hospital managers.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was carried out with 104 managers from 25 purposively selected hospitals. The survey assessed managerial competencies, with a score of ≥123 indicating overall managerial competence. The collected data were analysed using both descriptive (percentages, means and standard deviations) and inferential (Mann-Whitney U test) statistics, comparing participants who had received formal healthcare management training and those who had not. P<0.05 indicated a statistically significant difference between scores.ResultsThere were no significant differences between the groups in terms of developed abilities (P=0.072), planning skills (P=0.406), leadership skills (P=0.213), evaluation skills (P=0.543), organisational skills (P=0.805) or self-management skills (P=0.077). There was also no significant difference between the groups in terms of overall managerial skills (P=0.240).ConclusionsReceiving formal professional training in healthcare management had no effect on hospital managers' managerial competencies. Improving the effectiveness of training programmes may require targeted healthcare management education training for the development of specific managerial competencies.
Risk of seizure recurrence in children with new-onset afebrile seizure
Authors: Taha Mufeed Akram , Muhammed Noorjan Abdullah 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND A seizure is a brief change in the normal neuronal electrical activity of the brain that causes changes in consciousness, perception, behavior, or movement. This study aimed to evaluate clinical findings, initial electroencephalography (EEG), and brain imaging findings as predictors of seizure recurrence after the first nonfebrile seizure.
METHODS This prospective follow-up study was conducted at Azadi Teaching Hospital, Kirkuk from July 2019 to January 2022 and enrolled 150 patients, ranging from 1 month to 15 years of age, who presented with their first afebrile seizure. The seizure types were classified based on the International League Against Epilepsy in 2017. A brain imaging with EEG was performed within 72 hours after admission.
RESULTS The median age of the patients was 5 years. A higher risk of seizure recurrence occurred in patients with focal seizure (relative risk [RR] = 6.604) (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.975–10.971), seizure occurrence at sleep (RR = 3.815) (95% CI 2.410–6.039), an abnormal neurological presentation such as Todd’s paralysis (RR = 1.739) (95% CI 1.252–2.415), a positive family history of seizures (RR = 2.333) (95% CI 1.598–3.408), abnormal EEG (RR = 0.171) (95% CI 0.092–0.318), and abnormal brain image findings (RR = 0.681) (95% CI 0.492–0.941) within 72 hours. Seizure recurrence was not correlated with sex.
CONCLUSIONS Early and late childhood new-onset afebrile seizures with a positive family history, focal epilepsy, seizure during sleep, prolonged attack duration with frequent attacks within 24 hours, and abnormal initial EEG and brain image had a high risk of seizure recurrence.
Fiber Bragg grating displacement sensor based on synchronous deformation sensing for real-time monitoring of a tunnel lining
Authors: Cai Heyi , Xiao Xiangpeng , Song Qingguo , Sun Qizhen , Yan Zhijun 
Published: October 2023

A fiber Bragg grating (FBG) displacement sensor based on synchronous sensing is developed for real-time monitoring of a tunnel lining. The sensing principle and mechanical structure of the proposed sensor are analyzed and simulated, and its sensitization effectiveness and temperature compensation are verified. Equivalent model tests show that the sensor has a good linear sensitivity of 19.48 pm/mm and an excellent precision of 5.13×10−2mm in the displacement range of 0–25 mm, which is basically consistent with the simulation results. The key traffic parameters of the train were successfully obtained by real-time monitoring of the tunnel lining in a field trial, which shows the superior capability of micro-displacement measurement of the sensor. Furthermore, good stability and excellent creep resistance have also been demonstrated. Our results provide theoretical guidance for the fabrication and package of the FBG displacement sensor, which is valuable for structure health monitoring (SHM) in civil engineering applications.
Sensitivity enhancement of the LSPR-based tapered optical fiber biosensor by variation of nanoparticle arrangement
Authors: Borjikhani Parisa , Zibaii Mohammad Ismail , Granpayeh Nosrat 
Published: October 2023

A tapered optical fiber sensor with four arrangements of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) on its waist is simulated and the fiber transmittance by changing the analyte refractive index (RI) is obtained. The method is a combination of the finite-difference time-domain method and the finite element method. The effect of NPs on top of each other and dimers is investigated, which is the first step in studying the aggregation of NPs in the cluster NP model. In addition, the effects of fiber diameter, NP diameter, and fiber length are examined. It is shown that by variation of NP arrangement, the amplitude sensitivity increases from 1.5 per refractive index unit (RIU−1) to 4.53RIU−1 and the wavelength sensitivity increases from 58.24 to 116.74 nm/RIU. The dimensions of the structures and the ranges of analyte RIs are in the field of practical biosensors, to be close to reality and to be effective in diagnosing diseases.
Improving HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) adherence and retention in care: Process evaluation and recommendation development from a nationally implemented PrEP programme
Authors: MacDonald Jennifer , Estcourt Claudia S. , Flowers Paul , Nandwani Rak , Frankis Jamie , Young Ingrid , Clutterbuck Dan , Dalrymple Jenny , McDaid Lisa , Steedman Nicola , Saunders John 
Published: October 2023

Introduction
HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), in which people take HIV medication to prevent HIV acquisition, underpins global HIV transmission elimination strategies. Effective prevention needs people to adhere to PrEP and remain in care during periods of risk, but this is difficult to achieve. We undertook a process evaluation of Scotland’s PrEP programme to explore barriers and facilitators to PrEP adherence and retention in care and to systematically develop evidence-based, theoretically-informed recommendations to address them.

Methods
We conducted semi-structured interviews and focus groups (09/2018-07/2019) with patients who identified as gay or bisexual men and were either using PrEP, had declined the offer of PrEP, had stopped PrEP, or had been assessed as ineligible for PrEP (n = 39 of whom n = 5 (13%) identified as trans, median age 31 years and interquartile range 14 years), healthcare professionals involved in PrEP provision (n = 54 including specialist sexual health doctors and nurses of various grades, PrEP prescribing general practitioners, health promotion officers, midwifes, and a PrEP clinical secretary), and clients (n = 9) and staff (n = 15) of non-governmental organisations with an HIV prevention remit across Scotland. We used thematic analysis to map key barriers and facilitators to priority areas that could enhance adherence and retention in care. We used implementation science analytic tools (Theoretical Domains Framework, Intervention Functions, Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy, APEASE criteria) and expert opinion to systematically generate recommendations.

Results
Barriers included perceived complexity of on-demand dosing, tendency for users to stop PrEP before seeking professional support, troublesome side-effects, limited flexibility in the settings/timings/nature of review appointments, PrEP-related stigma and emerging stigmas around not using PrEP. Facilitators included flexible appointment scheduling, reminders, and processes to follow up non-attenders. Examples of the 25 recommendations include: emphasising benefits of PrEP reviews and providing appointments flexibly within individualised PrEP care; using clinic systems to remind/recall PrEP users; supporting PrEP conversations among sexual partners; clear on-demand dosing guidance; encouraging good PrEP citizenship; detailed discussion on managing side-effects and care/coping planning activities.

Conclusions
PrEP adherence and retention in care is challenging, reducing the effectiveness of PrEP at individual and population levels. We identify and provide solutions to where and how collaborative interventions across public health, clinical, and community practice could address these challenges.
Lumbar fusion through the anterolateral mini-approach: comparison of anterior interbody (OLIF-AF) and percutaneous pedicle (OLIF-PF) fixations in the surgical treatment of single-level stenosis
Authors: Saifullin Aleksandr Petrovich , Aleynik Alexandr Yakovlevich , Bokov Andrei Evgenyevich , Mlyavykh Sergey Gennadyevich 
Published: October 2023

Objective. To perform comparative analysis of the clinical efficacy and safety of indirect decompression of the spinal roots and interbody fusion through the lateral pre-psoas approach (OLIF) with anterolateral (OLIF-AF) and posterior percutaneous (OLIF-PF) screw fixations in the surgical treatment of single-segment lumbar stenosis.Material and Methods. A retrospective comparative analysis of treatment of 88 patients aged 29 to 72 years with single-level lumbar stenosis was carried out. Posterior instrumental fixation (OLIF-PF) was performed in 60 cases, and anterolateral (OLIF-AF) – in 28.Results. The compared groups did not statistically significantly differ from each other in terms of age, gender, body mass index, clinical picture and duration of symptoms before surgery, assessment of neurological status according to the Zurich Claudication Questionnaire (ZCQ), preoperative diagnosis, localization of stenosis, pain assessment in the back and leg before surgery according to a digital rating scale, physical status (ASA), health assessment (SF-12, ODI), follow-up period, as well as smoking and the presence of comorbidities (p > 0.05). In the OLIF-AF group, compared to the OLIF-PF group, a statistically significant advantage was found in terms of blood loss, duration of surgery and anesthesia, the level of radiological exposure, duration of patient’s hospitalization and hospital stay in the postoperative period, as well as the duration of antibiotic prophylaxis and intraoperative volume of infusions (p < 0.05). Despite earlier discharge and less use of local anesthesia (35.7 % vs 73.3 %; p = 0.001), patients in the OLIF-AF group had statistically significantly lower level of back pain on the day of discharge (3.0 vs 3.5; p = 0.034) and were less likely to need opioids (3.6 % vs 31.7 %; p = 0.003). With regard to complications and adverse events, there were no statistically significant differences during dynamic follow-up period from 3 to 50 months in both groups (17.9 % vs 28.3 %; p = 0.290), including depending on the timing of complications (early or late). In addition, no statistically significant differences were found for neurological, infectious, gastrointestinal, urological, or implant-related complications (p > 0.05).Conclusions. Indirect decompression of the spinal roots and interbody fusion through the lateral pre-psoas approach in combination with OLIF-AF is an effective and safe technique for the surgical treatment of single-segment lumbar stenosis. This method allows to reduce the invasiveness of surgery and severity of the pain syndrome and to create conditions for enhanced recovery after surgery. Further multicenter randomized trials are needed to comprehensively evaluate long-term outcomes.
Detection rate of IGF-1 variants and their implication to protein binding: study of over 240,000 patients
Authors: Motorykin Ievgen , Mu Jianying , Miller Bradley S. , Li Allison , Clarke Nigel J. , McPhaul Michael J. , Wu Zengru 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To determine the detection rate of IGF-1 variants in a clinical population and assess their implications.

Methods
IGF-1 variants were detected based on their predicted mass-to-charge ratios. Most variants were distinguished by their isotopic distribution and relative retention times. A67T and A70T were distinguished with MS/MS. Patient specimens with a detected variant were de-identified for DNA sequencing to confirm the polymorphism.

Results
Of the 243,808 patients screened, 1,099 patients containing IGF-1 variants were identified (0.45 %, or 4,508 occurrences per million). Seven patients were identified as homozygous or double heterozygous. Majority of variants (98 %) had amino acid substitutions located at the C-terminus (A62T, P66A, A67S, A67V, A67T, A70T). Isobaric variants A38V and A67V were detected more frequently in children than in adults. Six previously unreported variants were identified: Y31H, S33P, T41I, R50Q, R56K, and A62T. Compared with the overall population, z-score distribution of patients with IGF-1 variants was shifted toward negative levels (median z-score −1.4); however, it resembled the overall population when corrected for heterozygosity. Chromatographic peak area of some variants differed from that of the WT IGF-1 present in the same patient.

Conclusions
In the IGF-1 test reports by LC-MS, the concentrations only account for half the total IGF-1 for patients with heterozygous IGF-1 variants. An IGF-1 variant may change the binding to its receptor and/or its binding proteins, affecting its activity and half-life in circulation. Variants located in or close to the C-domain may be pathogenic. Cross-species sequence comparison indicates that A38V and A70T may have some degree of pathogenicity.
Monitoring of spatial displacements and deformation of hydraulic structures of hydroelectric power plants of the Dnipro and Dnister cascades (Ukraine)
Authors: Tretyak Korneliy , Bisovetskyi Yuriy , Savchyn Ihor , Korlyatovych Tetiana , Chernobyl Oleg , Kukhtarov Sergey 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The paper presents monitoring of spatial displacements and deformation of hydraulic structures of hydroelectric power plants of the Dnipro and Dnister cascades using permanent deformation monitoring systems (PDMS). The architecture of the geodetic (measuring) component of monitoring systems deployed at Kaniv, Dnipro, Seredniodniprovska and Dnister HPP (all in Ukraine) are presented, as well as deformation monitoring structure of this systems. Analysis of the impact of geodynamic and seismic factors on the operation of selected monitoring systems are presented. The spatial deformations of the base points on all the studied monitoring systems were determined. As a result of the analysis of the obtained values, it was found that the deformations of the dam crest have a seasonal nature (with half-annual period) of movements, and are characterized by the corresponding vector field and the absolute value of spatial movements.
Sensory experience ratings (SERs) for 1,130 Chinese words: relationships with other semantic and lexical psycholinguistic variables
Authors: Wu Chenggang , Mu Xin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Sensory experience rating (SER) is a subjective semantic variable that measures the extent to which a word generates a sensory experience when a reader processes the word, and it has been explored in English, French, and Spanish. The present study collected the SERs of 1,130 Chinese words and explored the correlation between SER and other lexical and semantic variables. SER was significantly associated with concreteness, age of acquisition (AoA), context diversity, and word frequency. The results confirmed both the reliability and the validity of SER. However, SER failed to predict lexical decision performance in reaction time and accuracy rate. It is possible that SER is not as powerful in influencing word recognition as previous studies have assumed, at least for Chinese.
Ferroptosis involves in Schwann cell death in diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Wu Kai-yan , Deng Fei , Mao Xin-yu , Zhou Dan , Shen Wei-gan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows that Schwann cells’ (SCs) death caused by high glucose (HG) is involved in the pathological process of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Ferroptosis is a novel form of regulatory cell death driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. However, it is not clear whether ferroptosis is involved in the death process of SCs induced by HG. The expression of ferroptosis-related indicators in the serum of DPN patients was detected by ELISA. Subsequently, using cell counting kit‑8, western blot, real-time PCR, and Ki-67 staining, we investigated the effects of HG on the ferroptosis of SCs and initially explored the underlying mechanism. The results showed that the serum levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and glutathione in patients with DPN decreased, while malondialdehyde levels increased significantly. Then, we observed that erastin and HG induced ferroptosis in SCs, resulting in the decrease in cell activity and the expression level of GPX4 and SLC7A11, which could be effectively reversed by the ferroptosis inhibitor Fer-1. Mechanistically, HG induced ferroptosis in SCs by inhibiting the NRF2 signaling pathway. Our results showed that ferroptosis was involved in the death process of SCs induced by HG. Inhibition of ferroptosis in SCs might create a new avenue for the treatment of DPN.
Multiplicative Dependent Pairs in the Sequence of Padovan Numbers
Authors: Behera Mitashree , Ray Prasanta Kumar 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
The Padovan sequence {Pn
}
n≥0 is a ternary recurrent sequence defined recursively by the relation Pn
= P

n–2 + P

n–3 with initials P
0 = P
1 = P
2 = 1. In this note, we search all pairs of multiplicative dependent vectors whose coordinates are Padovan numbers. For this purpose, we apply Matveev’s theorem to find the lower bounds of the non-zero linear forms in logarithms. Techniques involving the LLL algorithm and the theory of continued fraction are utilized to reduce the bounds.