bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinct changes in the vertical structure of QBO amplitude due to tropical upwelling and wave forcing
Authors: Xu Wenwen , Ren Hong-Li 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) dominates variability of the equatorial stratosphere and shows a weakening trend in the lower levels in recent studies. This study focuses on the vertical structure of QBO amplitude changes in observation, the dynamic reasons involved, and possible changes under future scenarios. The QBO amplitude has an increased trend in the upper levels of stratosphere and a decreased one in the lower during 1960–2022. Results indicate that the QBO amplitude changes are mainly controlled by the tropical upwelling and wave forcing, where the former dampens the lower QBO but the latter primarily maintains the whole QBO amplitude. In addition, the entire QBO could be weakened in the future, responding to the high emission scenario in CMIP6. Under the high scenario, the enhanced tropical upwelling would weaken the amplitude of QBO at lower levels of stratosphere, and meanwhile, the reduced wave forcing, mainly caused by the increased tropospheric stability and weakened convection activity, would make the QBO amplitude maintenance hard.
Bilateral Network with Text Guided Aggregation Architecture for Lung Infection Image Segmentation
Authors: pan xiang , Mei Hanxiao , Zheng Jianwei , Zheng Herong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Lung image segmentation is a crucial problem for autonomous understanding of the potential illness. However, existing approaches lead to a considerable decrease in accuracy for lung infection areas with varied shapes and sizes. Recently, researchers aimed to improve segmentation accuracy by combining diagnostic reports based on text prompts and image vision information. However, limited by the network structure, these methods are inefficient and ineffective. To address this issue, this paper proposes a Bilateral Network with Text Guided Aggregation Architecture (BNTGAA) to fully fuse local and global information for text and image vision. This proposed architecture involves (i) a global fusion branch with a Hadamard product to align text and vision feature representation and (ii) a multi-scale cross-fusion branch with positional coding and skip connection, performing text-guided segmentation in different resolutions. (iii) The global fusion and multi-scale cross-fusion branches are combined to feed a mamba module for efficient segmentation. Extensive quantitative and qualitative evaluations demonstrate that the proposed architecture performs better both in accuracy and efficiency. Our architecture outperforms the current best methods on the QaTa-COVID19 dataset, improving mIoU and Dice scores by 3.08\% and 2.35\%, respectively. Meanwhile, our architecture surpasses the computational speed of existing multimodal networks. Finally, the architecture has a quick convergence and generality. It can exceed the performance of the current best methods even if it is trained with only 50\% of the dataset.
Boosting fiber properties via selective sorting and wet spinning of high aspect ratio carbon nanotubes
Authors: Ryu Ki-Hyun , Lim Seok-In , Kim Dae-Yoon 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The development of high-performance fibers using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has gained significant attention due to their extraordinary mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. In this study, we focus on the selective sorting and wet spinning of high aspect ratio CNTs to enhance the physical properties of the resulting fibers. By utilizing a lyotropic liquid crystal mesophase, we effectively separated long and short CNTs. At the isotropic cloud point, long CNTs form nematic domains while short CNTs remain in the isotropic phase, enabling selective sorting based on differences in surfactant adsorption probability. After removing amorphous carbon and surfactant molecules through thermal treatment and dialysis purification, continuous CNT fibers were produced via wet spinning process. The CNT fibers, composed primarily of long CNTs, demonstrated outstanding mechanical strength (1.76 GPa) and electrical conductivity (4.17 MS m−1), surpassing fibers made from short or as-synthesized CNTs. This strategy provides a promising approach to boost the physical properties of CNT fibers, utilizing commercially available CNTs to broaden their applications in flexible electronics and energy transportation.
A revised model of noise sensitivity
Authors: Wu Jiana , Dirks Kim N , Shepherd Daniel , Welch David 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Earlier definitions of noise sensitivity implicitly presupposed that some sounds can objectively be defined as noise and that some people are intrinsically more sensitive to it. Moreover, noise sensitivity has typically been thought to moderate the relationship between noise exposure and the feeling of annoyance. This cannot be true though, because the experience of sound as noise is subjective. We therefore suggest that noise sensitivity is actually the process whereby a sound is identified as noise. Using semi-structured interviews, this paper presents the results of a qualitative study focusing on the factors related to noise sensitivity, forming the basis of a revised model of noise sensitivity. Study participants were asked to share their thoughts and experiences of being sensitive to noise. Based on their responses, a thematic analysis was used to generate themes related to noise sensitivity. New factors such as masking and perceived control over the sound emerged and were incorporated into the model. The model was also modified by explicitly adopting the terminology ‘low road’ and ‘high road’ to describe inputs from the limbic system and the cortex, respectively. The revised model elucidates the potential mechanisms underlying the experience of noise, thereby providing avenues for reducing the level of harm to those who experience it.
Fast-food and convenience outlets near schools in California: a comparison of private and public schools
Authors: Karimuzzaman Md , Miller Sydney , Sanchez-Vaznaugh Emma V , Sánchez Brisa N 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Food environments near schools (FENS) influence children's dietary habits and contribute to obesity. Socioeconomic characteristics of schools and school neighborhoods play a role in determining FENS. We compare the availability of fast-food restaurants (FFR) and convenience stores (CS) across schools' socioeconomic characteristics: whether the school is public vs. private, and the school neighborhood’s median household income. We obtained the number of FFR and CS within a 0.75-mile network buffer from schools' locations and the names of the outlets. Negative binomial regression models, stratified by urbanicity, were used to estimate the association between the number of outlets near schools and schools’ socioeconomic characteristics. We explored brand names and types of outlets. Private schools' neighborhoods had more FFR and CS than public schools across all income and urbanization levels. Private and public schools in low-income urban neighborhoods had more outlets compared to those in higher-income urban areas. While the names of FFR and CS near both school types were broadly similar, private schools had more non-chain outlets. Programs and policies to promote healthy eating and reduce obesity and diet-related diseases should target food environments near both private and public schools, especially those located in urban areas and low-income communities.
Implementing standard practices in the safe handling of gene therapy and biohazardous drugs in a health-system setting
Authors: Wang Austin , Ngo Zoe , Yu Stacey J , MacDonald Elyse A 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Disclaimer
In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time.

Purpose
This publication outlines development of the infrastructure and standard operating procedures (SOPs) for handling of gene therapy drugs within an integrated health-system setting. These guidelines aim to fill the gap in occupational safety standardization, as current materials focus on precautions in a research laboratory setting and do not fully take into account occupational hazards for pharmacists, technicians, and other medical staff.

Summary
Pharmacists in a large integrated healthcare system recognized the gap in knowledge as well as lack of standard procedures in handling gene therapy drugs in the pharmacy setting and sought to establish updated best practices. The objectives were to implement the necessary infrastructure and SOPs for the handling, compounding, and cleanup of gene therapy drugs and to update existing resources such as spill kits to reflect the new SOPs. Critical milestones included establishing a new biohazardous drug risk classification and standardizing medication labeling. These steps were necessary to ensure consistent and safe handling across the enterprise.

Conclusion
With the increasing prevalence of gene therapy drugs, it is of paramount importance to establish best practices to ensure occupational safety. While existing regulations and literature outline basic handling guidelines for laboratory use, there is a limited amount of information in relation to pharmacy departments within healthcare groups. In establishing robust SOPs surrounding the handling, compounding, and management of gene therapy drugs, pharmacy groups can better ensure both patient and staff safety.
Cosmetic Surgery in Adolescents: Psychological, Social, and Medico-Legal Responsibilities
Authors: Pititto Fortunato , Pulin Giuseppe , Paladini Elisa , Bellacicco Roberto , Marrone Maricla 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The increasing prevalence of cosmetic surgery among adolescents raises critical questions regarding medical responsibility and the legal standards for informed consent. Although the desire to meet aesthetic standards promoted by media and social networks is a key factor driving demand for these procedures, the psychological vulnerability typical of adolescence calls for careful evaluation of patient rights and medical obligations. Informed consent for adolescents, in particular, must be assessed within a multidimensional framework that considers psychological conditions, personal motivations, and the social and cultural pressures that can negatively affect young patients’ self-perception. This article examines the complexities of informed consent in adolescent cosmetic surgery, focusing on the physician's responsibility to ensure patients have a clear understanding of both the risks involved and realistic expectations of the procedure. It also discusses the value of a multidisciplinary approach, involving psychologists and legal professionals, to address the specific needs of adolescents. Emphasis is placed on the necessity for preoperative psychological assessments to distinguish between genuine desires and social pressures, with the goal of protecting adolescents’ psychological and physical well-being and preventing decisions driven by unstable motivations. The article concludes with recommendations for adopting guidelines and enhancing education, advocating for an approach that respects young patients’ rights and emphasizes physicians’ accountability for ethical and safe practice.
Epigenetic insights into fertility: involvement of immune cell methylation in dairy cows reproduction
Authors: Bouzeraa Lotfi , Martin Helene , Dufour Pascal , Marques Jessica C S , Cerri Ronaldo , Sirard Marc-Andre 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Infertility and post-partum reproductive diseases are significant challenges in cattle farming, with the maternal immune system’s ability to recognize and tolerate the embryo being crucial for successful gestation. DNA methylation in hematopoietic cells may influence susceptibility to post-partum fertility issues, making the identification of epigenetic changes vital for sustainable animal production. This study aimed to characterize the methylome of immune cells in relation to fertility, potentially enabling early detection of subfertility. Using whole epigenome sequencing and enzymatic methyl-seq, we analyzed DNA methylation patterns in blood from twelve Holstein cows before the onset of any disease. Our findings revealed 216 990 differentially methylated cytosines (DMCs) between fertile and subfertile cows. Notably, three genes—Interferon tau-3 (IFNT3), KIAA0825, and RAS-Related Protein 2A—showed high significance in their differential methylation between fertile and subfertile cows. IFNT3, crucial for early embryonic development, had seven DMCs in its transcription start site (TSS) shores in subfertile cows. Additionally, the KLRA1 gene (Ly49), was identified as containing DMCs across all five genomic regions analyzed (TSS shores, exons, introns, downstream, and distal intergenic). Its widespread differential methylation highlights its potential impact on fertility. Key interleukin genes, including IL6, IL15, IL22, and IL36G, also showed multiple DMCs, reinforcing the role of the immune system in bovine fertility. These findings illustrate the potential control that immune cell epigenetics exert on cattle post-partum fertility. Additionally, this study suggests that the risk of developing subfertility could potentially be estimated with as few as 220 biomarkers, paving the way for enhanced animal health management and improved fertility treatments.
How do large scale population studies inform vaccine evaluations in England?
Authors: Kirsebom Freja , Hall Victoria , Stowe Julia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Large scale population studies are important to monitor and evaluate aspects of a vaccination programme including vaccine coverage, real-world effectiveness, and post-licensure vaccine safety. These types of epidemiological studies often come under the remit of public health agencies, such as the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) in England, who are required to undertake surveillance of vaccine preventable diseases, including via seroepidemiological studies and data linkage studies using national level electronic healthcare data. An individual level national vaccine register with an accurate denominator can be the key to gaining insights into vaccine coverage, effectiveness and safety. During the COVID-19 pandemic, England’s first vaccine register was developed. This enabled timely estimates of real-world vaccine effectiveness in the whole population of England, as well as enabling epidemiological investigations of rare potential risks from vaccines in specific populations. Population-based research studies, including prospective cohort studies are complementary to surveillance, and combined, enable more comprehensive assessments. As there was unprecedented investment into research studies and infrastructure during the pandemic, the scale of these studies meant they were able to contribute to vaccine programme evaluations in a way that had not been possible for previous vaccine programmes. In this review, we summarise the different large scale surveillance and research studies that have been used to evaluate and inform vaccine policy from the time of the first data linkage studies undertaken in England in the 1990s to the present day post-COVID-19 pandemic.
State-of-the-Art Review: Complexities in Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infections: A Contemporary Practical Approach
Authors: Chesdachai Supavit , Baddour Larry M , Tabaja Hussam , Madhavan Malini , Anavekar Nandan , Zwischenberger Brittany A , Erba Paola Anna , DeSimone Daniel C 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Cardiac implantable electronic device infections (CIEDIs) present substantial challenges for infectious diseases specialists, encompassing diagnosis, management, and complex decision making involving patients, families, and multidisciplinary teams. This review, guided by a common clinical case presentation encountered in daily practice, navigates through the diagnostic process, management strategies in unique scenarios, long-term follow-up, and critical discussions required for CIEDIs.
Clinical utility and implementation of polygenic risk scores for predicting cardiovascular disease
Authors: Schunkert Heribert , Di Angelantonio Emanuele , Inouye Michael , Patel Riyaz S , Ripatti Samuli , Widen Elisabeth , Sanderson Saskia C , Kaski Juan Pablo , McEvoy John W , Vardas Panos , Wood Angela , Aboyans Victor , Vassiliou Vassilios S , Visseren Frank L J , Lopes Luis R , Elliott Perry , Kavousi Maryam 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have revealed hundreds of genetic variants associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Polygenic risk scores (PRS) can capture this information in a single metric and hold promise for use in CVD risk prediction. Importantly, PRS information can reflect the causally mediated risk to which the individual is exposed throughout life. Although European Society of Cardiology guidelines do not currently advocate their use in routine clinical practice, PRS are commercially available and increasingly sought by clinicians, health systems, and members of the public to inform personalized health care decision-making. This clinical consensus statement provides an overview of the scientific basis of PRS and evidence to date on their role in CVD risk prediction for the purposes of disease prevention. It provides the reader with a summary of the opportunities and challenges for implementation and identifies current gaps in supporting evidence. The document also lays out a potential roadmap by which the scientific and clinical community can navigate any future transition of PRS into routine clinical care. Finally, clinical scenarios are presented where information from PRS may hold most value and discuss organizational frameworks to enable responsible use of PRS testing while more evidence is being generated by clinical studies.
MEEhubs2024: A hub-based conference on microbial ecology and evolution fostering sustainability
Authors: Wenger Ariane , Bakkeren Erik , Granato Elisa , Tecon Robin , Mitri Sara , Möbius Wolfram 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Scientific conferences are essential to academic exchange. However, related air travel contributes to greenhouse gas emissions, while expensive registration and travel costs limit the participation of early-career researchers and those from low-income countries. Virtual conferences offer promising solutions for reducing emissions and enhancing accessibility and inclusivity but often limit networking and personal interaction. Hybrid multi-hub conferences, which combine virtually connected in-person venues with individual virtual participation, combine the benefits of both conference formats. Thus, we present and discuss MEEhubs2024, a multi-hub conference on microbial ecology and evolution held in January 2024. During this three-day conference, attendees participated virtually or at one of six hubs in Europe and North America. We analyzed the participants’ and organizers’ feedback to create a template and provide insights into the scientific community's adoption of this new conference format, which was positively evaluated by most participants. Because technical, logistical and structural challenges remain, including limited opportunities to interact and network across hubs and participation modes, we provide recommendations for improvement like hiring technical hosts and offering virtual-only social activities. Finally, we used the participants’ feedback to reflect on conference expectations, highlighting research gaps and the need for organizers to define and communicate goals when organizing conferences.
Institutionalizing linkages between informal healthcare providers and the formal health system in Nigeria: what are the facilitating and constraining contextual influences?
Authors: Onwujekwe Obinna , Mbachu Chinyere Ojiugo , Agyepong Irene , Elsey Helen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
With most households in rapidly urbanising LMIC cities using private and informal providers for basic healthcare, the need to establish linkages with the formal sector is paramount in the drive for universal health coverage. Successful and effective linkage of informal healthcare providers to the formal health system requires an understanding of prevailing contextual factors and how they can be modulated to support the linkages. Context plays a pivotal role in shaping the nature and success of any integration efforts. This paper, based on a qualitative study explored the facilitating and constraining contextual influences shaping the linkage of informal healthcare providers into the formal health system in governance, service delivery and data reporting. The research was conducted in Enugu and Anambra states in southeastern Nigeria. In-depth interviews were held with 12 senior healthcare managers, 16 primary healthcare facility managers, 32 informal providers and 16 community leaders. Eight sex-disaggregated focus group discussions were held with health service users. Transcripts were coded in NVivo using a pre-defined coding framework comprising facilitators and constraints at the individual, organisational, and environmental levels. Individual factors that influence linkage of informal providers into the formal health system include personal attitudes towards linkage, capacity of informal providers to deliver quality services, nature of existing relationships between formal and informal providers and trust in the formal health system. Organizational factors include leadership structure, coordination and accountability mechanisms, functional management capacity of the formal health system, and multiple regulatory frameworks. External factors include supportive health policies on integration, sustainable funding for continuous training and supportive supervision, and global agenda/support for integration. This study has provided valuable insights for decision makers and practitioners for harnessing the contextual factors to link informal healthcare providers successfully and effectively to the formal health system to improve access to quality health services in urban slums.