bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive fuzzy neural network finite‐time command filtered control of n‐link robotic systems with actuator saturation
Authors: Zhang Jie , Jiang Wanyue , Sam Ge Shuzhi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe finite time tracking control of n‐link robotic system is studied for model uncertainties and actuator saturation. Firstly, a smooth function and adaptive fuzzy neural network online learning algorithm are designed to address the actuator saturation and dynamic model uncertainties. Secondly, a new finite‐time command filtered technique is proposed to filter the virtual control signal. The improved error compensation signal can reduce the impact of filtering errors, and the tracking errors of system quickly converge to a smaller compact set within finite time. Finally, adaptive fuzzy neural network finite‐time command filtered control achieves finite‐time stability through Lyapunov stability criterion. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed control.
Two‐Factor Fluorogenic Cyanine‐Styryl Dyes with Yellow and Red Fluorescence for Bioorthogonal Labelling of DNA
Authors: Pfeuffer Bastian , Geng Philipp , Wagenknecht Hans‐Achim 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAn orange‐ and a red‐emitting tetrazine‐modified cyanine‐styryl dyes were synthesized for bioorthogonal labelling of DNA by means of the Diels‐Alder reaction with inverse electron demand. Both dyes use the concept of the “two‐factor” fluorogenicity for nucleic acids: (i) The dyes are nucleic‐acid sensitive by their non‐covalent binding to DNA, and (ii) their covalently attached tetrazine moiety quench the fluorescence. As a result, the reaction with bicyclononyne‐ and spirohexene‐modified DNA is significantly accelerated up to k2=280,000 M−1 s−1, and the fluorescence turn‐on is enhanced up to 305. Both dyes are cell permeable even in low concentrations and undergo fluorogenic reactions with spirohexene‐modified DNA in living HeLa cells. The fluorescence is enhanced in living cells to such an extent that washing procedures before cell imaging are not required. Their large Stokes shifts (up to 0.77 eV) also makes them well suited for imaging because the wavelength ranges for excitation and emission can be best possible separated. Furthermore, the spirohexene‐modified nucleosides and DNA extend and improve the toolbox of already existing “clickable” dyes for live cell imaging.
Site‐Selective Protein Conjugation by a Multicomponent Ugi Reaction
Authors: Koutsopetras Ilias , Vaur Valentine , Benazza Rania , Diemer Hélène , Sornay Charlotte , Ersoy Yağmur , Rochet Léa , Longo Carmen , Hernandez‐Alba Oscar , Erb Stéphane , Detappe Alexandre , Skerra Arne , Wagner Alain , Cianferani Sarah , Chaubet Guilhem 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe chemical bioconjugation of proteins has seen tremendous applications in the past decades, with the booming of antibody‐drug conjugates and their use in oncology. While genetic engineering has permitted to produce bespoke proteins featuring key (un−)natural amino acid residues poised for site‐selective modifications, the conjugation of native proteins is riddled with selectivity issues. Chemoselective strategies are plentiful and enable the precise modification of virtually any residue with a reactive side‐chain; site‐selective methods are less common and usually most effective on small and medium‐sized proteins. In this context, we studied the application of the Ugi multicomponent reaction for the site‐selective conjugation of amine and carboxylate groups on proteins, and antibodies in particular. Through an in‐depth mechanistic methodology work supported by peptide mapping studies, we managed to develop a set of conditions allowing the highly selective modification of antibodies bearing N‐terminal glutamate and aspartate residues. We demonstrated that this strategy did not alter their affinity toward their target antigen and produced an antibody‐drug conjugate with subnanomolar potency. Excitingly, we showed that the high site selectivity of our strategy was maintained on other protein formats, especially on anticalins, for which directed mutagenesis helped to highlight the key importance of a single lysine residue.
Quantitative Analysis of Siglec Ligands by Flow Cytometry
Authors: Chang Lan‐Yi , Sridharan Deepa , Angata Takashi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSiglecs (sialic acid‐binding, immunoglobulin superfamily, lectins) are a family of transmembrane receptor‐type glycan recognition proteins in vertebrates that are primarily expressed on leukocytes and regulate immune responses. Siglecs are involved in several diseases, such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Most Siglecs suppress the activation of leukocytes by recognizing ligands containing sialic acid, a group of acidic sugars commonly found in vertebrate glycans, but rare among microbes. Siglec ligands are critical in the interaction between leukocytes and target cells. The abundance of the Siglec ligand is influenced by both the abundance of the glycoconjugate carrier (glycoprotein or glycolipid) and that of the terminal glycan epitope directly recognized by the Siglec. Therefore, a direct approach to evaluate the expression level of a Siglec ligand on cells of interest is to analyze the binding of recombinant Siglec protein to these cells. In this article, we describe a protocol for semi‐quantitatively analyzing the expression level of Siglec ligands via flow cytometry using recombinant Siglec‐Fc fusion protein. Support protocols describe how to remove sialic acids from the cell surface with sialidase under mild conditions to demonstrate the sialic acid dependence of Siglec binding, and the preparation of recombinant Siglec‐Fc fusion proteins by transient transfection of mammalian cells. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol: Quantitative analysis of Siglec ligands on mammalian cells via flow cytometry with recombinant Siglec‐Fc fusion proteinSupport Protocol 1: Sialidase treatment of mammalian cellsSupport Protocol 2: Preparation of recombinant Siglec‐Fc fusion protein via transient transfection of mammalian cells
An extendable multicell quasi Z‐source converter topology using an active switched network
Authors: Aminlou Ali , Ardashir Jaber Fallah , Shotorbani Amin Mohammadpour 
Published: December 2023

SummaryThis paper proposes a new extendable multicell topology based on the conventional quasi‐Z‐source converter (QZSC). The proposed topology has a multicell scheme and employs an active switched capacitor/inductor (ASC/SL) network. Therefore, it is entitled extended multicell ASC/SL QZSC (EMc‐ASC/SL‐QZSC). The proposed topology is augmented by cascading a modular cell consisting of two capacitors, an inductor, and a diode. The EMc‐ASC/SL‐QZSC offers significant advantages over existing QZSC‐based configurations. It has a high boosting capability that results in a wider output voltage range while simultaneously reducing voltage stress on capacitors and switching devices, all without losing voltage gain. Furthermore, this topology effectively reduces input current ripple, which contributes to a smoother charging current profile for capacitors, reducing electromagnetic interference (EMI) and improving overall efficiency. The practicality and performance of the EMc‐ASC/SL‐QZSC topology are comprehensively assessed through extensive numerical simulations and experimental verification, utilizing a laboratory‐built prototype.
A gate‐tunable memristor emulator for motion detection
Authors: Zhang Zhang , Ma Yongbo , Shi Gang , Li Chao , Liu Gang 
Published: December 2023

SummaryWith its low power consumption and small size, the memristor has shown great potential for improving data storage density and computing efficiency. Compared to the dual‐port memristor, greater attention should be paid to researching gate‐tunable memristor for image processing to improve the processing speed and reduce hardware resource consumption. Developing gate‐tunable memristor emulators is highly attractive given the immaturity of current fabrication of the gate‐tunable memristor. This work proposes a digital gate‐tunable memristor emulator based on Raspberry Pi, which addresses the non‐reconfigurability and inflexibility issues of the analog emulators. The proposed emulator can match the behavior of different memristor devices by regulating the gate voltage parameter. Additionally, it can operate at a maximum frequency of 500 MHz. To test the functionality of the proposed emulator, a digital implementation of the memristive circuit for motion detection is designed and verified experimentally. Experiments demonstrate that when moving object detection is performed on a 640 × 350 pixel video stream, low power consumption of 53 mW and a delay of 3.52 μs can be achieved.
SFC‐MS/MS for orthogonal separation of hydroxylated 17α‐methyltestosterone isomers
Authors: Bredendiek Felix , Parr Maria Kristina 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBecause of their performance‐enhancing effect, anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are often misused in sports. Nearly half of the adverse analytical findings (AAF) in 2022 doping controls are correlated to AAS misuse. Metabolites play a crucial role in the bioanalysis of endogenous and exogenous steroids. Therefore, one important field in antidoping research is the investigation on drug metabolizing and steroidogenic enzymes. The introduction of a hydroxy group is the most common reaction, which is catalyzed by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in phase‐I metabolism. Analysis of AAS metabolites is commonly performed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) systems. Laborious sample preparation and extended run times compared to liquid chromatography (tandem) mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) methods are usually correlated with this type of analysis. On the other hand, liquid chromatography (tandem) mass spectrometry (LC‐MS[/MS]) methods have a lower separation efficiency than GC‐MS methods. Both techniques lack selectivity for hydroxylated 17α‐methyltestosterone metabolites. Therefore, as an orthogonal analytical approach, a supercritical fluid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was developed to separate four hydroxy metabolites of 17α‐methyltestosterone (2α‐/2β‐/4‐/6β‐hydroxy‐17α‐methyltestosterone). This project aimed to get a more in‐depth look at the metabolization and analysis of 17α‐methyltestosterone and its hydroxylated metabolites. The developed method revealed lower limits of quantitation between 0.6 and 6 ng/ml at an accuracy of 85–115% using a matrix matched calibration. An in vitro study with human liver microsomes shows 6β‐hydroxy‐17α‐methyltestosterone as main metabolite (15.9%) as well as the metabolite 2β‐hydroxy‐17α‐methyltestosterone (0.5%). The results show that the developed method is sensitive and robust. In addition, the method allows a previously missing discrimination of the hydroxylated metabolites in a short analysis time without prior, complex derivatizations.
B‐spline based on vector extension improved CST parameterization algorithm
Authors: Yan Bowen , Si Yuanyuan , Zhou Zhaoguo , Guo Wei , Wen Hongwu , Wang Yaobin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this paper, the vector extension operation is proposed to replace the de Boor‐Cox formula for a fast algorithm to B‐spline basis functions. This B‐spline basis function based on vector extending operation is implemented in the class and shape transformation (CST) parameterization method in place of the traditional Bézier polynomials to enhance the local ability of control and accuracy to represent an airfoil shape. To calculate the k‐degree B‐spline function's nonzero values, the algorithm can improve the computing efficiency by 2k+1 times.
Comparison of a solid oxide cell with nickel/gadolinium‐doped ceria fuel electrode during operation with hydrogen/steam and carbon monoxide/carbon dioxide
Authors: Grosselindemann Cedric , Kullmann Felix , Lehnert Tibor , Fritz Oliver , Fuchs Franz‐Martin , Weber André 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSolid oxide cells (SOCs) offer the possibility to operate on hydrogen/steam (H2/H2O), carbon monoxide/carbon dioxide (CO/CO2), and mixtures thereof in the fuel cell as well as in the electrolyzer mode. In this study, the electrochemical processes in an electrolyte‐supported SOC exhibiting a Law Srx Coy Fez O(3‐δ) air electrode and a nickel/gadolinium‐doped ceria (Ni/CGO) fuel electrode (FE) were analyzed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and the subsequent impedance data analysis by the distribution of relaxation times for CO/CO2 fuel mixtures. A physicochemical equivalent circuit model was fitted to the measured spectra. With the help of the extracted parameters, a zero‐dimensional direct current cell model was parametrized to simulate the current‐voltage behavior of the cell. This approach, previously implemented for H2/H2O fuel mixtures, is extended toward CO/CO2 fuels. It will be shown that the same model – with adapted parameters for the FE – can be applied. A comparison of measured and simulated current‐voltage curves showed an excellent agreement for both fuels and operating modes (solid oxide fuel cell/solid oxide electrolyzer cell). Simulations reveal that there is nearly no performance difference between H2O and CO2 electrolysis for the electrolyte‐supported cell with Ni/CGO FE in comparison to an anode‐supported cell with Ni/yttria‐stabilized zirconia FE.
Gene amplification in neoplasia: A cytogenetic survey of 80 131 cases
Authors: Mandahl Nils , Mertens Fredrik , Mitelman Felix 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGene amplification is a crucial process in cancer development, leading to the overexpression of oncogenes. It manifests cytogenetically as extrachromosomal double minutes (dmin), homogeneously staining regions (hsr), or ring chromosomes (r). This study investigates the prevalence and distribution of these amplification markers in a survey of 80 131 neoplasms spanning hematologic disorders, and benign and malignant solid tumors. The study reveals distinct variations in the frequency of dmin, hsr, and r among different tumor types. Rings were the most common (3.4%) sign of amplification, followed by dmin (1.3%), and hsr (0.8%). Rings were particularly frequent in malignant mesenchymal tumors, especially liposarcomas (47.5%) and osteosarcomas (23.4%), dmin were prevalent in neuroblastoma (30.9%) and pancreatic carcinoma (21.9%), and hsr frequencies were highest in head and neck carcinoma (14.0%) and neuroblastoma (9.0%). Combining all three amplification markers (dmin/hsr/r), malignant solid tumors consistently exhibited higher frequencies than hematologic disorders and benign solid tumors. The structural characteristics of these amplification markers and their potential role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression highlight the complex interplay between cancer‐initiating gene‐level alterations, for example, fusion genes, and subsequent amplification dynamics. Further research integrating cytogenetic and molecular approaches is warranted to better understand the underlying mechanisms of these amplifications, in particular, the enigmatic question of why certain malignancies display certain types of amplification. Comparing the present results with molecular genetic data proved challenging because of the diversity in definitions of amplification across studies. This study underscores the need for standardized definitions in future work.
High temperatures on mental health: Recognizing the association and the need for proactive strategies—A perspective
Authors: Rony Moustaq Karim Khan , Alamgir Hasnat M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsThe influence of temperature on various aspects of daily life is often underestimated, and its effects on mental health are not widely recognized. Understanding and addressing the relationship between temperature and mental well‐being is crucial in the context of climate change and rising global temperatures. This perspective aimed to investigate the effects of high temperatures on mental health and identify proactive strategies to mitigate these effects.MethodsThis perspective adopted a twofold approach, including a comprehensive literature review and socioecological framework. The literature review involved extensive searches across Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus to identify relevant, peer‐reviewed articles, and reports from diverse disciplines.ResultsThe perspective emphasized the significance of recognizing heat stress and its consequences on mental well‐being. Chronic heat stress can lead to increased stress, anxiety, and cognitive impairment. Vulnerable populations include, the very young, older adults, and individuals with pre‐existing mental health conditions. Socioeconomic factors can further exacerbate vulnerability, highlighting the need for tailored strategies to manage mental health challenges during high temperatures. Additionally, the article identified and discussed proactive coping strategies to minimize both the psychological and physical impacts of heat stress. Mindfulness, stress management techniques, and therapy are suggested as effective means for individuals to manage psychological distress.ConclusionImplementing preventive measures are essential steps in promoting mental wellness in high temperatures. Proactive strategies by addressing the physiological and psychological effects of heat and considering the specific needs of vulnerable populations can help individuals and communities navigate the challenges posed by rising temperatures and promote resilience and preserve their mental well‐being.
Nonreciprocal Terahertz Beam Steering Manipulated by Magnetic Weyl Semimetal Metasurface Based on Universal Chirality‐ Wavevector‐ Magnetic Field Relation
Authors: Tan Zhiyu , Fan Fei , Zhao Dan , Wang Hao , Li Shanshan , Guan Shengnan , Cheng Jie‐Rong , Ji Yunyun , Chang Shengjiang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMagnetic Weyl semimetal shows intriguing properties in both fundamental physics and potential applications. However, the complex relationship between nonreciprocal transmission and magnetic field manipulation in magnetic Weyl semimetal systems has not been generally clarified and fully utilized. Here, a universal Chirality–Wavevector–Magnetic field (C‐K‐B) relation is established in the magnetic Weyl semimetal system, which completely describes the spin topological band and its intrinsic polarization output in full space orientation under an arbitrary magnetic vector. This relation can provide complete guidance for the device design of nonreciprocal spin manipulation. Coupling this nonreciprocal mechanism with the photonic spin Hall effect of the geometric phased metasurface, a magnetic Weyl semimetal metasurface is constructed in the terahertz (THz) range, The experiments demonstrate the flexible THz beam steerings in a broad spatial dispersion range of ±25–±55° with four different working modes by only altering the biased magnetic vectors. Moreover, all these beam steering processes are accompanied by nonreciprocal isolating transmission with the isolation ratio reaching 27 dB. This C‐K‐B relation and active nonreciprocal beam steering devices are expected to prompt magneto‐optical devices and systems combined with echo isolation function in beam scanning, wavelength division multiplexing, and spin multiplexing.
Synchronously Improving Mechanical and Thermal Performances of Cured Epoxy Resins by Epoxidized Polyether Sulphones as Modifiers
Authors: Xu Weiping , Wang Guochen , Chen Dong , Yang Wantai , Ma Yuhong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAs an effort to improve toughness of epoxy resins without scarifying their heat resistance, four novel polyether sulphones (PESs) with epoxy groups (PES‐Es) are developed as efficient toughness modifiers of epoxy resins. The influences of PES‐E on the mechanical property, curing kinetics, thermal, and mechanical properties of the diglycidyl ether with bisphenol‐A (DGEBA) are investigated. The impact strength of PES‐E/DGEBA composites is significantly improved from 16.6 to 28.9 kJ m−2 with optimal content of PES‐E. Different from the composites of typical PES and epoxy which have two‐phase structure, PES‐E/DGEBA composites exhibit a single‐phase structure owing to the participation of PES‐E in the curing reaction of epoxy groups and good solubility of PES‐E in DGEBA. Furthermore, the thermal stability of the PES‐E/DGEBA composites is slightly increased compared to the neat epoxy resin due to the formation of crosslinked semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks. The glass transitionnal temperature (Tg) of PES‐E/DGEBA composites is up to about 184 °C, 46 °C higher than the neat epoxy resin with the same hardener, which have great potential in high‐performance composites. The method developed in this seminal report makes it possible to improve the toughness of epoxy resins without trading‐off the Tg and tensile strength.
Electrostatic origin of a stabilizing synergistic interaction among b‐, c‐, and f‐residues in a trimeric coiled coil
Authors: Dalley Nicholas A. , Stern Kimberlee L. , Kitchen Richard R. , Lloyd Keegan B. , Price Joshua L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCoiled coils are one of most common protein quaternary structures and represent the best understood relationship between amino acid sequence and protein conformation. Whereas the roles of residues at the canonical heptad positions the a, d, e, and g are understood in precise detail, conventional approaches often assume that the solvent‐exposed b‐, c‐, and f‐positions can be varied broadly for application‐specific purposes with minimal consequences. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that interactions among these b, c, and f residues can contribute substantially to coiled‐coil conformational stability. In the trimeric coiled coil described here, we find that b‐position Glu10 engages in a stabilizing long‐range synergistic interaction with c‐position Lys18 (ΔΔΔGf = −0.65 ± 0.02 kcal/mol). This favorable interaction depends strongly on the presence of two nearby f‐position residues: Lys 7 and Tyr14. Extensive mutational analysis of these residues in the presence of added salt versus denaturant suggests that this long‐range synergistic interaction is primarily electrostatic in origin, but also depends on the precise location and acidity of a side‐chain hydrogen‐bond donor within f‐position Tyr14.
The miR‐184‐3p promotes rice black‐streaked dwarf virus infection by suppressing Ken in Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén)
Authors: Wu Wei , Wang Man , Deng Zhiting , Xi Minmin , Dong Yan , Wang Haitao , Zhang Jianhua , Wang Changchun , Zhou Yijun , Xu Qiufang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDMicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role in various biological processes by influencing the translation of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) through post‐transcriptional regulation. The miR‐184‐3p has been identified as an abundant conserved miRNA in insects. However, less is known about its functions in insect–plant virus interactions.RESULTSThe function of miR‐184‐3p in regulation of plant viral infection in insects was investigated using a rice black‐streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) and Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén) interaction system. We found that the expression of miR‐184‐3p increased in L. striatellus after RBSDV infection. Injection of miR‐184‐3p mimics increased RBSDV accumulation, while treatment with miR‐184‐3p antagomirs inhibits the viral accumulation in L. striatellus. Ken, a zinc finger protein, was identified as a target of miR‐184‐3p. Knockdown of Ken increased the virus accumulation and promoted RBSDV transmission by L. striatellus.CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrates that RBSDV infection induces the expression of miR‐184‐3p in its insect vector L. striatellus. The miR‐184‐3p targets Ken to promote RBSDV accumulation and transmission. These findings provide a new insight into the function of the miRNAs in regulating plant viral infection in its insect vector. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.