bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Russian invasion of Ukraine selectively depolarized the Finnish NATO discussion on Twitter
Authors: Xia Yan , Gronow Antti , Malkamäki Arttu , Ylä-Anttila Tuomas , Keller Barbara , Kivelä Mikko 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIt is often thought that an external threat increases the internal cohesion of a nation, and thus decreases polarization. We examine this proposition by analyzing NATO discussion dynamics on Finnish social media following the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. In Finland, public opinion on joining the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) had long been polarized along the left-right partisan axis, but the invasion led to a rapid convergence of opinion toward joining NATO. We investigate whether and how this depolarization took place among polarized actors on Finnish Twitter. By analyzing retweet patterns, we find three separate user groups before the invasion: a pro-NATO, a left-wing anti-NATO, and a conspiracy-charged anti-NATO group. After the invasion, the left-wing anti-NATO group members broke out of their retweeting bubble and connected with the pro-NATO group despite their difference in partisanship, while the conspiracy-charged anti-NATO group mostly remained a separate cluster. Our content analysis reveals that the left-wing anti-NATO group and the pro-NATO group were bridged by a shared condemnation of Russia’s actions and shared democratic norms, while the other anti-NATO group, mainly built around conspiracy theories and disinformation, consistently demonstrated a clear anti-NATO attitude. We show that an external threat can bridge partisan divides in issues linked to the threat, but bubbles upheld by conspiracy theories and disinformation may persist even under dramatic external threats.
Optimized film thicknesses for maximum refractive index sensitivity and figure of merit of a bimetallic film surface plasmon resonance sensor
Authors: Chylek Jakub , Ciprian Dalibor , Hlubina Petr 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a simple surface plasmon resonance (SPR) optical sensor with a bimetallic gold-silver film is proposed and its parameters are optimized based on reflectance spectra analysis. In comparison with most SPR sensors, which use single gold films, the evanescent field of this bimetallic configuration at the analyte–metal interface enables the sensing with substantially enhanced refractive index (RI) sensitivity and figure of merit (FOM). The proposed structure comprising a BK7 glass substrate, an adhesion layer of chromium, a gold-silver plasmonic layer, and a protective layer of silicon dioxide is employed in the Kretschmann configuration for liquid analyte sensing. In order to achieve the best sensing properties, the gold-silver layer thickness ratio is varied, and a thorough analysis of reflectance spectra is performed based on RI sensitivity and FOM. For this purpose, a liquid analyte of aqueous solutions of NaCl is employed for angles of incidence 63$$^\circ $$

∘

and 64$$^\circ $$

∘

, respectively. Moreover, based on the analysis, an optimized gold-silver layer thickness ratio is selected, and a sensitivity of 41,592 nm per RI unit (RIU) and FOM of 424 RIU$$^{-1}$$

-
1

are reached. The designed bimetallic SPR structure proves to be advantageous compared to single-gold-film structures employed for sensing applications.
CD147 Sparks Atherosclerosis by Driving M1 Phenotype and Impairing Efferocytosis
Authors: Lv Jian-Jun , Wang Hao , Zhang Cong , Zhang Tian-Jiao , Wei Hao-Lin , Liu Ze-Kun , Ma Yi-Hui , Yang Zhi , He Qian , Wang Li-Juan , Duan Li-Li , Chen Zhi-Nan , Bian Huijie 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:
Atherosclerosis is a globally prevalent chronic inflammatory disease with high morbidity and mortality. The development of atherosclerotic lesions is determined by macrophages. This study aimed to investigate the specific role of myeloid-derived CD147 (cluster of differentiation 147) in atherosclerosis and its translational significance.

METHODS AND RESULTS:

We generated mice with a myeloid-specific knockout of CD147 and mice with restricted CD147 overexpression, both in an apoE-deficient (ApoE
–/–
) background. Here, the myeloid-specific deletion of CD147 ameliorated atherosclerosis and inflammation. Consistent with our in vivo data, macrophages isolated from myeloid-specific CD147 knockout mice exhibited a phenotype shift from proinflammatory to anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization in response to lipopolysaccharide/IFN (interferon)-γ. These macrophages demonstrated a weakened proinflammatory macrophage phenotype, characterized by reduced production of NO and reactive nitrogen species derived from iNOS (inducible NO synthase). Mechanistically, the TRAF6 (tumor necrosis factor receptor–associated factor 6)-IKK (inhibitor of κB kinase)-IRF5 (IFN regulatory factor 5) signaling pathway was essential for the effect of CD147 on proinflammatory responses. Consistent with the reduced size of the necrotic core, myeloid-specific CD147 deficiency diminished the susceptibility of iNOS-mediated late apoptosis, accompanied by enhanced efferocytotic capacity mediated by increased secretion of GAS6 (growth arrest–specific 6) in proinflammatory macrophages. These findings were consistent in a mouse model with myeloid-restricted overexpression of CD147. Furthermore, we developed a new atherosclerosis model in ApoE
–/–
mice with humanized CD147 transgenic expression and demonstrated that the administration of an anti-human CD147 antibody effectively suppressed atherosclerosis by targeting inflammation and efferocytosis.

CONCLUSIONS:
Myeloid CD147 plays a crucial role in the growth of plaques by promoting inflammation in a TRAF6-IKK-IRF5–dependent manner and inhibiting efferocytosis by suppressing GAS6 during proinflammatory conditions. Consequently, the use of anti-human CD147 antibodies presents a complementary therapeutic approach to the existing lipid-lowering strategies for treating atherosclerotic diseases.
Examining Outcomes in Patients Admitted With Comorbid Peripheral Artery Disease and Microvascular Disease
Authors: Grubman Scott , Algara Miguel , Smolderen Kim G. , Luna Paulina , Walenczyk Kristie , Scierka Lindsey , Cleman Jacob , Siddiqui Waleed Tariq , Romain Gaëlle , Mena‐Hurtado Carlos 
Published: January 2024

Background
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) and microvascular disease (MVD) are highly prevalent conditions that share common risk factors. This observational study aimed to characterize patients with both conditions and determine the impact of comorbid PAD/MVD on outcomes.

Methods and Results
Patients admitted across 31 states January 2011 through December 2018 with a primary or secondary diagnosis of PAD or MVD were included from the National Readmissions Database and weighted to approximate a national sample. Those age <18 years or with nonatherosclerotic leg injuries were excluded. Patients were divided into 3 groups: PAD‐only, MVD‐only, or comorbid PAD/MVD. Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate associations with major and minor amputations, major adverse cardiac events, and in‐hospital mortality. Cox regression was used to evaluate associations with readmission within 1 year. The PAD group was used as reference. The final cohort included 33 972 772 admissions: 9.1 million with PAD, 21.3 million with MVD, and 3.6 million with both. Annual admissions for PAD/MVD increased to >500 000 in 2018. Major and minor amputations increased ≈50% for PAD/MVD between 2011 and 2018. Compared with PAD‐only, PAD/MVD was associated with a higher risk for major amputation (odds ratio [OR], 1.30 [95% CI, 1.28–1.32]), minor amputation (OR, 2.15 [95% CI, 2.12–2.18]), major adverse cardiac events (OR, 1.04 [95% CI, 1.03–1.04]), in‐hospital mortality (OR, 1.07 [95% CI, 1.05–1.09]), and readmission (hazard ratio, 1.02 [95% CI, 1.02–1.02]) after adjustment for baseline factors.

Conclusions
Comorbid MVD is present in a large and growing number of patients with PAD and is associated with augmented risk for adverse outcomes. Further prospective research is merited to understand this vulnerable population.
“Sketching With My Mind”: The Role of Prior Intentions and Intentions in Action for the Creative Process of Design
Authors: Mendoza-Collazos Juan , van de Weijer Joost 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the effects of prior intentions and intentions in action during the initial stage of a process of design in search of correlations between these cognitive processes and the quality of the design outcomes. We found that the quality of the outcomes was not influenced by sketching. Nevertheless, most of the participants said that they preferred sketching, and their verbal reports can be seen as indicative of the formation of prior intentions. Therefore, we argue that prior intentions have an important role even within a process of pure material engagement. This has important implications for understanding the active role of human agency and our capacity to form prior intentions with pragmatic effects in the world.
What Aimed Movement Models Fit Distal Pointing With Varying Depth?
Authors: Wang Yuqian , Goonetilleke Ravindra S. , Lin Ray F. 
Published: January 2024

Objective With the rapid improvements in drone technology, there is an increasing interest in distal pointing to diffuse drones. This study investigated the effect of depth on distal pointing when the hand does not traverse the entire distance from start to target so that the most suitable mathematical model can be assessed. Background Starting from the Fitts paradigm, researchers have proposed different models to predict movement time when the distance to the target is variable. They do consider distance, but they are based on statistical modeling rather than the underlying control mechanisms. Methods Twenty-four participants volunteered for an experiment in a full-factorial Fitts’ paradigm task (3 levels of movement amplitude *7 levels of target width *3 levels of distance from participant to screen). Movement time and the number of errors were the dependent variables. Results Depth has a significant effect when the target width is small, but depth has no effect when the target width is large. The angular version of the two-part model is superior to the one-part Fitts’ model at larger distances. Besides, Index of difficulty for distal pointing, [Formula: see text] with adjustable k achieves the best fit even though the model is very sensitive to the value of k and the complexity of the model could be resulting in an overfitting. The result implies that the effects of movement amplitude and target width are not comparable and grouping them to form a dependent index of difficulty can be misleading especially when distance is an added variable. Conclusion The angular version of the two-part model is a viable and meaningful description for distal pointing. Even though the [Formula: see text] with adjustable k is the best predictor for movement time when depth is an added variable, there is no physical interpretation for it. Application A reasonable predictive model for performance assessments and predictions in distal pointing.
Comparative Evaluation of Molar Distalization Between Pendulum Appliance and Miniscrew Anchorage System: A Clinical Study
Authors: Sharma Sameer , Singla Anil , Mahajan Vivek , Jaj Harupinder Singh , Dhiman Indu 
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Molar distalization is one of the treatment protocols in cases with mild to moderate arch discrepancy and class II molar relationship associated with a normal mandible. It is achieved by using pendulum appliance and temporary anchorage devices such as miniscrew anchorage system. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate and compare the dentoalveolar and skeletal changes between pendulum appliance and miniscrew anchorage system. Materials and Methods: The patients were divided into 2 groups of 10 each: group I (using the pendulum appliance) and group II (using miniscrew anchorage system). Lateral cephalogram was taken for each subject and various skeletal such as SNA, SNB, ANB, and PTV-A dentoalveolar (U1-PTV, U6-PTV, U5-FH, and U6-FH) measurements were taken. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Intragroup analysis between pendulum and implant group was done using Wilcoxon Matched pairs test and the intergroup analysis between pendulum and implant group was done using Mann–Whitney test. Results: The results showed that there was nonsignificant difference in both the groups ( p > .05) with the less tipping in group II (1.2) than group I (2.7) .The molar extrusion was more with the pendulum group (2.1 mm) than the miniscrew anchorage distalization group (1.3 mm). Conclusion: The molar distalization using the miniscrew anchorage system showed more bodily movement than the pendulum appliance which showed more tipping movement. Moreover, the pendulum appliance showed significant amount of anchor loss than the miniscrew anchorage system.
Risk assessment—based verification of the CertiPURTM limit values for toluene diamine and methylene dianiline in flexible polyurethane foam
Authors: de Kort Patrick , Jensen Elke , Spence Mark W , Plehiers Patrick M 
Published: January 2024

Flexible polyurethane foams (PUF) are used in many consumer products. PUF may contain trace levels of aromatic diamine impurities that could represent a potential health risk. The risk associated with sleeping on a PUF mattress was evaluated. Toxicity benchmarks for sensitization and non-cancer endpoints were derived from the respective points-of-departure using standard assessment factors. For the cancer endpoints, toxicity benchmarks were derived from the 25th-percentile values of animal studies. Recently published emission and migration data allowed to link exposure with the CertiPURTM voluntary quality limits of ≤5 mg.kg−1 for 2,4-toluene diamine and 4,4’-methylene dianiline in PUF. Using conservative exposure scenarios, lifetime-average daily internal doses from the combined inhalation and dermal exposures were calculated. Margins of safety for non-cancer and sensitization endpoints were >104. The theoretical excess cancer risk was ≤1.5 × 10−7. It is concluded that sleeping on a mattress that satisfies the CertiPUR limit value does not pose undue risk to consumers.
Preparation and mechanical properties of Ni/RGO reinforced epoxy resin composites
Authors: Yang Xinjia , Song Keru , Zhao Dongyu 
Published: January 2024

The graphene/nanonickel composites(Ni/RGO) were prepared by liquid phase reduction method, and the graphene/nanonickel epoxy composites(Ni/RGO/EP) were prepared by in-situ polymerization method. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the modified epoxy resin was increased by 19°C compared to EP with 2.1 wt% Ni/RGO loading. The tensile strength and hardness increased by 65% and 18%, the impact strength is increased by 10.053 KJ·m−2 compared to EP, and the shear strength reaches 34.78 MPa for the Ni/RGO/EP with 1.7 wt% Ni/RGO loading. It can be seen, that the addition of Ni/RGO greatly improves the heat resistance and mechanical properties of epoxy resin when the Ni/RGO are evenly dispersed into the epoxy resin by emulsion dispersion method.
Gpnmb silencing protects against hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury by inhibition of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis
Authors: Wang Xiaoqin , Qin Song , Ren Yingcong , Feng Banghai , Liu Junya , Yu Kun , Yu Hong , Liao Zhenliang , Mei Hong , Tan Mei 
Published: January 2024

Background: Hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury (HALI) is a complication to ventilation in patients with respiratory failure, which can lead to acute inflammatory lung injury and chronic lung disease. The aim of this study was to integrate bioinformatics analysis to identify key genes associated with HALI and validate their role in H2O2-induced cell injury model. Methods: Integrated bioinformatics analysis was performed to screen vital genes involved in hyperoxia-induced lung injury (HLI). CCK-8 and flow cytometry assays were performed to assess cell viability and apoptosis. Western blotting was performed to assess protein expression. Results: In this study, glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B ( Gpnmb) was identified as a key gene in HLI by integrated bioinformatics analysis of 4 Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets (GSE97804, GSE51039, GSE76301 and GSE87350). Knockdown of Gpnmb increased cell viability and decreased apoptosis in H2O2-treated MLE-12 cells, suggesting that Gpnmb was a proapoptotic gene during HALI. Western blotting results showed that knockdown of Gpnmb reduced the expression of Bcl-2 associated X (BAX) and cleaved-caspase 3, and increased the expression of Bcl-2 in H2O2 treated MLE-12 cells. Furthermore, Gpnmb knockdown could significantly reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and improve the mitochondrial membrane potential. Conclusion: The present study showed that knockdown of Gpnmb may protect against HLI by repressing mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis.
Abbe Flap Division Before Two Weeks’ Time: Harmful or Advantageous?
Authors: Muller John N. , Diaz Allison , Flores Roberto L. , Staffenberg David A. 
Published: January 2024

Introduction The Abbe flap is a standard intervention to treat upper lip deformities in patients with bilateral cleft lip. This two-stage procedure requires a 2 to 3-week period in which the superior and inferior lips remain connected. This study evaluates the safety of Abbe flap division and inset prior to 14 days’ time. Materials and Methods A single institution, 8-year review of all patients with a bilateral cleft lip who underwent Abbe flap reconstruction was performed. Patients were classified into two groups: those whom division was performed 14 days or later and those with division earlier than 14 days. Results A total of 26 patients were identified. Patients who underwent Abbe flap division in less than 14 days (n = 10) demonstrated an average time to division of 9.7 days (range 7–13 days) with no evidence of flap loss, wound breakdown or infection. Patients who underwent Abbe flap division within 14 days or more (n = 16) demonstrated an average time to division of 15 days with four minor complications and no flap loss. Conclusion Dividing the Abbe flap after the first postoperative week appears to be safe and without additional risk to flap loss or wound breakdown. A shorter time to Abbe flap division may decrease the burden of care on patients and their caregivers.
Impact of age, obesity, and renal impairment on outcomes after autologous stem cell transplantation for patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma
Authors: Gaffney Kelly J , Bakos Jonathan K. , Velayati Arash , Davis James A. , Thurlapati Aswani , Weeda Erin , Maldonado Andy , Granger Katelynn , Butcher Coleen , Herrington Taylor , Smith Deidra , Green Kimberly , Hess Brian T , Hashmi Hamza 
Published: January 2024

Introduction There remains a need to determine whether certain subgroups of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) derive the same benefit from high-dose chemotherapy–autologous stem cell transplant (HDT-ASCT). We describe our institutional experience highlighting the impact of age, obesity, and renal impairment on outcomes after HDT-ASCT for patients with NDMM in a real-world setting. Methods A total of 449 consecutive patients were included in this retrospective analysis. Results No difference in median progression free survival or overall survival was seen for patients with age > 65, body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2, or estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 when compared to those without these characteristics. From a safety standpoint, there were no differences in the incidence of transplant-related mortality or secondary malignancy among subgroups. Conclusion For patients with NDMM undergoing HDT-ASCT, there is no difference in outcomes based on age, BMI, or renal function, and the presence of one or more of these factors should not preclude patients from HDT-ASCT.
COVID-19 vaccination among health care workers in Finland: coverage, perceptions and attitudes
Authors: Hämäläinen Aleksi , Patovirta Riitta-Liisa , Vuorinen Sakari , Leppäaho-Lakka Jaana , Kilpinen Sanna , Sieberns Jennifer , Ruotsalainen Eija , Koivula Irma , Hämäläinen Sari 
Published: January 2024

Aims: In this study, we examined the voluntary COVID-19 vaccine coverage among health care workers (HCWs) working in close patient contact. HCWs’ beliefs about COVID-19 infection, their opinions of vaccination and reasons for having or declining the COVID-19 vaccination were also evaluated. Methods: In October 2021, a cross-sectional observational study was carried out in five hospitals in Central and Eastern Finland. The anonymous and voluntary survey was targeted at 5120 doctors and nurses working in close patient contact. Results: Some 1837 responses were included in the study. Ninety-seven per cent of the respondents had received at least one COVID-19 vaccine and 68% of the respondents agreed that all HCWs working in close patient contact should be vaccinated against COVID-19. Vaccination coverage and support for vaccination were higher among older HCWs and doctors. HCWs’ main reasons for having the COVID vaccine were willingness to protect themselves, their family and their patients from COVID-19. Concerns about adverse reactions to the COVID-19 vaccine was the main reason for declining it. Conclusions: The overall COVID-19 vaccination coverage and support for vaccinations among HCWs working in close patient contact were high without actual mandatory policies being introduced. Prioritising HCWs for COVID-19 vaccinations and widespread vaccine availability, as well as low general vaccine hesitancy and high seasonal influenza vaccination coverage among the study population were check marks in achieving high COVID-19 vaccination coverage rapidly.
A systematic review of the social impact of diseases in Nordic countries
Authors: Seo Ahreum , Chang Angela Y. 
Published: January 2024

Background: We review the literature on the social impacts of diseases, defined as the social consequences of having a disease on the people around the patient, such as spouses, caregivers and offspring. The two objectives of this study are to summarise the social outcomes commonly associated with diseases and to compare the social impact across a range of diseases. Methods: A systematic review of the social impact of disease in Nordic countries was conducted using PubMed, PsycINFO and Google Scholar (PROSPERO registration number CRD42022291796). All articles that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed. We tabulated all outcomes and diseases studied, and synthesised the evidence based on the perspectives of patients, spouse/caregiver and offspring. Results: A total of 135 studies met the eligibility criteria, covering 76 diseases and 39 outcomes. From the patient’s perspective, diseases impact divorce and marriage rates, social functioning, likelihood of committing a crime and being a victim of crime. From the caregiver’s perspective, diseases affect their health-related quality of life and physical and psychological health. From the offspring’s perspective, diseases impact their development, health and social adversities in later life. Diseases generally had negative social impacts, but there were some diseases associated with positive impacts. Conclusions: The review provides a useful summary and gross comparison of the social impact of different diseases. The social impact of diseases can be large and significant. Thus, it should be considered when policymakers are setting priorities across disease areas.