bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data pattern analysis for the individualised pretherapeutic identification of high‐risk diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients by cytomics
Authors: Valet Günter K. , Hoeffkes Heinz Gert 
Published: May 2004

AbstractBackgroundClinical outcome predictions in phase III studies are mostly derived for patient groups, but not for individual patients, although individualised predictions are an ultimate goal to permit a personalised fine tuning of therapy. This may permit earlier application of target therapies, minimise general damage to the organism, and result in improved complete remission rates in malignant diseases.MethodsIn this study, Lymphochip cDNA microarray gene expression results of DLBCL patients, from a published prospective meta‐analysis study on the prediction of group prognosis, were analysed for individualised predictions using a nonstatistical data pattern classification approach. The training set was comprised of the same 160 DLBCL patients as in the prognosis study, with the validation set of 80 patients remaining unknown to the learning process. This permits the assessment of prospective classifier performance towards unknown patients.ResultsPretherapeutic predictions for the training and validation set patients were correct in 98.1% and 78.3% of the cases for nonsurvival and in 67.3% and 45.3% for survival. The discriminatory data pattern consisted of 14 known and 10 unknown gene products.ConclusionsThe better than 95% correct pretherapeutic prediction for about one‐half of the ultimately nonsurviving high‐risk patients of the training set is promising for clinical considerations about individualised therapy in such cases. Reliable individualised survival predictions are not possible with the information content of the present dataset. It seems necessary to investigate additional gene products, since survival may significantly depend on non–lymphocyte‐associated genes that escape to the lymphocyte‐oriented Lymphochip gene activation analysis. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The CD200 and CD200 receptor cell surface proteins interact through their N‐terminal immunoglobulin‐like domains
Authors: Hatherley Deborah , Barclay A. Neil 
Published: May 2004

AbstractCD200 (OX2) is a broadly distributed cell surface glycoprotein that interacts with a receptor on myeloid cells (CD200R) involved in regulation of macrophage function. Both CD200 and CD200R contain two Ig superfamily domains like many other leukocyte membrane proteins. Site‐directed mutagenesis of CD200R showed that, like CD200, it interacted through its N‐terminal domain. This indicated that the cell‐cell interaction spans four Ig superfamily domains and this distance is similar to many interactions found between T cells and antigen‐presenting cells. This suggests that this topology is also important in interactions of CD200 on a variety of cells with CD200R on myeloid cells, and comparable contact sites may be important mediating regulation in other cell‐cell interactions. The mutagenesis showed that the binding involved the predicted GFCC′ face of its N‐terminal domain, like that of CD200, suggesting that the interaction evolved from a homotypic interaction.
Activated T killer cells induce apoptosis in lung epithelial cells and the release of pro‐inflammatory cytokine TNF‐α
Authors: Shinbori Toshifumi , Walczak Henning , Krammer Peter H. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractApoptosis is thought to be involved in lung epithelial cell damage in acute respiratory distress syndrome and interstitial pneumonia. Both the role of apoptosis and its underlying molecular mechanisms in human lung tissue remain unclear. To address these issues, we developed an in vitro assay in which a human lung epithelial cell line and a staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB)‐reactive human CD8+ CTL line were co‐cultured in the presence of SEB. SEB‐stimulated CD8+ CTL induced apoptosis in the lung epithelial cell line primarily through the perforin/granzyme‐mediated pathway. In these cells, apoptosis was initially independent of death receptor pathways. We also tested the effect of IFN‐γ on modulation of apoptosis in lung epithelial cells. In IFN‐γ‐pretreated lung epithelial cells, CD95 (APO‐1/Fas) activation as well as TNF‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptor and TNFR activation led to apoptosis. Furthermore, we found that the interaction of SEB‐stimulated CD8+ CTL with lung epithelial cells induced an increase in TNF‐α secretion. These results suggest an important role for bacterial superantigen‐reactive CD8+ CTL in induction of lung epithelial cell apoptosis and in modulation of inflammatory processes in lung tissue.
Allylsilanes in Organic Synthesis − Recent Developments
Authors: Chabaud Laurent , James Philippe , Landais Yannick 
Published: May 2004

AbstractAllylsilanes have been used extensively over the last 30 years. A survey of the most recent advances in this field is described, including transformations of allylsilanes through electrophilic, radical and organometallic processes. Particular emphasis will be placed on the stereocontrol arising from these processes. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Nested lumped‐parameter models for foundation vibrations
Authors: Wu Wen‐Hwa , Lee Wen‐How 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe concept of polynomial‐fraction approximation is explored in this article to develop a nested type of systematic lumped‐parameter model for unbounded soil. Based on the optimal coefficients determined from the flexibility formulation, the reciprocal of the polynomial‐fraction is first taken to represent the dynamic stiffness function of foundation and then decomposed into a linear polynomial and another polynomial‐fraction. The nested division introduced in this study is operated to generate a nested form for this decomposed polynomial‐fraction, which directly corresponds to a nested discrete‐element model. The nested type of lumped‐parameter model is then easily constructed by connecting this nested discrete‐element model in series with another simple discrete‐element model corresponding to the linear polynomial. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A mathematical basis for the convergence of the capacity spectrum method
Authors: Lin Yu‐Yuan , Chuang Tsai‐Fu , Chang Kuo‐Chung 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe capacity spectrum method is adopted by the ATC‐40 document for evaluating the inelastic deformation demands of reinforced concrete structures. Several studies have shown that the iterative procedure needed in the method may not give convergent outcomes in some cases. This paper focuses on the convergence of the capacity spectrum method in the constant velocity region of the response spectrum. The results obtained from the examples discussed in this study show that the convergent characteristics of this method depend on the elastic period, the hysteretic damping model, the yield displacement and the ductility ratio of the system analyzed. The capacity spectrum method can converge only for the case that the absolute value of the first derivative of the government equation derived from the demand and capacity diagrams of structures is smaller than 1.0. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An envelope for Mohr's circle in seismically excited three‐dimensional structures
Authors: Menun Charles 
Published: May 2004

Abstract A previously developed response‐spectrum‐based procedure for computing the envelope that bounds the time‐varying realizations of Mohr's circle at any prescribed location within a two‐dimensional structure is extended for use with three‐dimensional structures subjected to as many as three translational components of ground acceleration. The proposed envelope, which is completely defined by quantities that are routinely used and calculated in conventional response spectrum analyses, is developed for the general case in which the principal directions of the earthquake, along which the ground accelerations are uncorrelated, are unknown. The accuracy of the proposed envelope is evaluated by comparing it to the results of an ensemble of time‐history analyses performed on a concrete arch dam using simulated accelerograms. It is found that the proposed envelope has a level of accuracy that is suitable for structural design and analysis. The largest observed difference between the simulated and predicted mean envelopes is less than 5%. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Approximate modal decomposition of inelastic dynamic responses of wall buildings
Authors: Sangarayakul C. , Warnitchai P. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractTwo approximate methods for decomposing complicated inelastic dynamic responses of wall buildings into simple modal responses are presented. Both methods are based on the equivalent linear concept, where a non‐linear structure is represented by a set of equivalent linear models. One linear model is used for representing only one vibration mode of the non‐linear structure, and its equivalent linear parameters are identified from the inelastic response time histories by using a numerical optimizer. Several theoretical relations essential for the modal decomposition are derived under the framework of complex modal analysis. Various numerical examinations have been carried out to check the validity of the proposed modal decomposition methods, and the results are quite satisfactory in all cases. Fluctuating bending moment and shear at any location along the wall height contributed by each individual vibration mode can be obtained. Modal contributions to shear and flexural strength demands, as well as the corresponding modal properties, under various seismic loading conditions can also be identified and examined in detail. Furthermore, the effects of higher vibration modes on seismic demands of wall buildings are investigated by using the modal decomposition methods. Several new insights into the complicated inelastic dynamics of multi‐story wall buildings are presented. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Near‐fault ground motions, and the response of elastic and inelastic single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) systems
Authors: Mavroeidis G. P. , Dong G. , Papageorgiou A. S. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractIn order to investigate the response of structures to near‐fault seismic excitations, the ground motion input should be properly characterized and parameterized in terms of simple, yet accurate and reliable, mathematical models whose input parameters have a clear physical interpretation and scale, to the extent possible, with earthquake magnitude. Such a mathematical model for the representation of the coherent (long‐period) ground motion components has been proposed by the authors in a previous study and is being exploited in this article for the investigation of the elastic and inelastic response of the single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) system to near‐fault seismic excitations. A parametric analysis of the dynamic response of the SDOF system as a function of the input parameters of the mathematical model is performed to gain insight regarding the near‐fault ground motion characteristics that significantly affect the elastic and inelastic structural performance. A parameter of the mathematical representation of near‐fault motions, referred to as ‘pulse duration’ (TP), emerges as a key parameter of the problem under investigation. Specifically, TP is employed to normalize the elastic and inelastic response spectra of actual near‐fault strong ground motion records. Such normalization makes feasible the specification of design spectra and reduction factors appropriate for near‐fault ground motions. The ‘pulse duration’ (TP) is related to an important parameter of the rupture process referred to as ‘rise time’ (τ) which is controlled by the dimension of the sub‐events that compose the mainshock. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distinct types of astroglial cells in the hippocampus differ in gap junction coupling
Authors: Wallraff Anke , Odermatt Benjamin , Willecke Klaus , Steinhäuser Christian 
Published: May 2004

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that two subpopulations of cells with astrocytic properties coexist in the mouse hippocampus, which display distinct morphological and functional characteristics, specifically a nonoverlapping expression of either AMPA‐type glutamate receptors (GluR cells) or glutamate transporters (GluT cells). Use of transgenic mice with hGFAP promoter‐controlled EGFP expression and patch‐clamp recordings allow reliable identification of the two cell types in hippocampal slices. Extending functional characterization, we report here the complete lack of gap junctional tracer coupling in GluR cells, while GluT cells are shown to be extensively coupled. This distinction is valid in immature as well as adult animals. Analysis of transgenic mice expressing β‐Gal under regulatory elements of the Cx43 promoter revealed the absence of Cx43 in GluR cells. Experiments using gap junction blockers demonstrated that passive currents, displayed primarily by GluT cells, do not reflect intercellular coupling but are attributable to intrinsic membrane properties of individual cells. This study supports the notion that the two subpopulations of hGFAP‐EGFP‐positive cells represent distinct cell types with contrasting physiological properties. Since GluR cells do not participate in the astrocytic gap junctional network, their functional role must be different from spatial buffering of ions or signaling molecules, i.e., properties generally assigned to astrocytes. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of ammonia in reversal of glutamate‐mediated Müller cell swelling in the rat retina
Authors: Izumi Yukitoshi , Matsukawa Mio , Benz Ann M. , Izumi Masayo , Ishikawa Makoto , Olney John W. , Zorumski Charles F. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractGlutamate is thought to participate in a variety of retinal degenerative disorders. However, when exposed to glutamate at concentrations up to 1 mM, ex vivo rat retinas typically exhibit Müller cell swelling, but not excitotoxic neuronal damage. This Müller cell swelling is reversible following glutamate washout, indicating that the glial edema is not required for glutamate‐induced neuronal injury. It is unclear whether glutamate directly induces the Müller cell swelling or whether a metabolite of glutamate such as glutamine acts as an osmolyte to generate the cellular edema. To examine this issue, ex vivo rat retinas were exposed to 1 mM glutamate or 1 mM glutamine and were evaluated histologically. Glutamate was also combined with 1 mM ammonia or with methionine sulfoximine (MSO), an inhibitor of glutamine synthetase, the enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of glutamine from glutamate and ammonia. Glutamate‐mediated Müller cell swelling was blocked by co‐administration of ammonia and the reversibility of Müller cell swelling was inhibited by MSO administered following glutamate exposure. Glutamine alone failed to induce Müller cell swelling. These results indicate that glutamate‐mediated Müller cell swelling is unlikely to result from glutamine accumulation. Rather, conversion of glutamate to glutamine in a reaction involving ammonia helps reverse Müller cell swelling following exposure to exogenous glutamate. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Review of donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine and memantine for the treatment of dementia in Alzheimer's disease in adults with Down syndrome: implications for the intellectual disability population
Authors: Prasher V. P. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe management of dementia in Alzheimer's disease has dramatically changed since the development of anti‐dementia drugs. However, there is limited information available regarding the bio‐medical aspects of the differing drugs; particularly relating to adults with intellectual disability. Indeed the information available for the intellectual disabled population is limited to adults with Down syndrome. This review highlights the important pharmacological and clinical aspects of donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine and memantine and supports the view that such drugs play an important part in the management of dementia in adults with intellectual disability. Future clinical and research issues are discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Light therapy for behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia
Authors: Skjerve Arvid , Bjorvatn Bjørn , Holsten Fred 
Published: May 2004

AbstractObjectivesTo review literature concerning the efficacy, clinical practicability and safety of light treatment for behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD).MethodData collection included computer literature searches (MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Cochrane) and checks of references, covering the period of January 1980–September 2003. Trials were searched for evidence for treatment efficacy and for their consideration of the treatment's clinical practicability and evidence of adverse effects.ResultsResults from randomised controlled trials (RCT) indicated some evidence of improvement in aspects of sleep disturbances and circadian activity rhythmicity. One RCT study indicated better response in patients with vascular dementia compared to Alzheimer's disease. By and large, non‐RCT studies reported improvement in BPSD including sleep disturbances, agitation and activity rhythm disturbances. Few studies commented on the treatment's practicability and safety.ConclusionAlthough there is some evidence for influence of light therapy on sleep and circadian activity rhythmicity, it is not possible to draw any conclusion about efficacy of light therapy for BPSD, or about practicability in clinical settings and safety. There are still too few well designed studies. Suggestions for further research are presented. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
5‐HT2A T102C receptor polymorphism and neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Lam Linda Chiu Wa , Tang Nelson Leung Sang , Ma Suk Ling , Zhang Weimin , Chiu Helen Fung Kum 
Published: May 2004

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the association between 5‐HT2A receptor polymorphism and neuropsychiatric (NP) symptoms in Chinese elderly with Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsThis case‐control study evaluated Chinese subjects with AD first presented to an university affiliated psychogeriatric clinic. Eighty‐seven subjects with NINCDS‐ADRDA diagnosis for probable and possible AD were recruited consecutively from the psychogeriatric clinics of the Prince of Wales Hospital in Hong Kong. 5‐HT2A receptor polymorphisms were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), enzyme digestion and gel electrophoresis. NP symptoms were assessed by the Chinese version of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI).ResultsThe genotype frequencies were significantly different in subjects with regards to the presentation of delusions, aggression, aberrant motor behavior and apathy (Pearson Chi Squares, p < 0.05). If only homozygote states were included, there were significantly fewer subjects of CC genotype with delusion (Pearson chi square, p < 0.05).ConclusionsSpecific NP symptoms in AD were significantly associated with 5‐HT2A receptor polymorphisms. Possible ethnic differences in the behavioral expression of 5‐HT2A receptor polymorphisms are worthy of further exploration. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What causes problems in Alzheimer's disease: attributions by caregivers. A qualitative study
Authors: Paton Joni , Johnston Kate , Katona Cornelius , Livingston Gill 
Published: May 2004

AbstractObjectiveTo gain insight into caregivers' understanding of the causes of behaviours they find problematic in people with Alzheimer's disease in order to inform the development of educational strategies.MethodsA qualitative, semi‐structured interview was used. Participants were 205 caregivers for a person with Alzheimer's disease, all of whom were aware of the diagnosis and who had been recruited as part of a larger longitudinal study. Participants were from inner‐city and suburban London/semi‐rural Essex. The main outcome measures were caregivers' understanding of: the cause of problematic behaviour; the ability of the person with dementia to control this behaviour; the prognosis of the illness.ResultsMost carers attribute the cognitive, behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia to causes other than dementia; many believe that the person with dementia has control over their behaviour and substantial numbers believe the person with dementia will return to normal.ConclusionsThis study suggests that providing facts about the illness to caregivers is not enough, as caregivers may not understand that the symptoms they observe are related to the diagnosis. Education by clinicians should focus on the understanding of caregivers and in particular explore the caregivers' attributions of the symptoms which are present in the person for whom they care. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Family functioning in the caregivers of patients with dementia
Authors: Heru Alison M. , Ryan Christine E. , Iqbal Asma 
Published: May 2004

AbstractBackgroundCaregiver burden has been extensively studied in the dementia population. The marital relationship has been suggested as a mediational model through which variables influence the caregiver and contribute to the experience of burden or reward.ObjectivesThis study examines family functioning, caregiver burden and reward and quality of life in 38 family members caring for a relative with dementia.MethodsCaregivers of out‐patients with dementia completed self report questionnaires.Results63% of caregivers were female with a mean age of 62 years. Patient mean age was 73 years. The average number of caregiving years was 3.1. Caregivers were more likely to be spouses (61%) than children (29%) or other relatives (11%). Despite the fact that caregivers reported that their relatives were moderately disabled, they perceived more reward than burden. Caregivers who reported poor family functioning had higher ratings of strain and burden. Family functioning in these caregivers was poorest in the dimensions of affective responsiveness, problem solving and communication but it was also impaired in roles and affective involvement.ConclusionsAssessing a family's functioning may be an important factor in the care of the dementia patient and his/her family. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Depression in first generation labour migrants in Western Europe: the utility of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D)
Authors: Spijker J. , van der Wurff F. B. , Poort E. C. , Smits C. H. M. , Verhoeff A. P. , Beekman A. T. F. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractObjectiveThe number of elderly migrants from Turkish and Moroccan descent in Western Europe will increase sharply in the coming decades. Identifying depressed elderly migrants necessitates a screening instrument that is both acceptable and has good psychometric properties. This study examines the utility of Turkish and Arabic translations of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D) among elderly labour migrants from Turkish and Moroccan descent in the Netherlands.MethodThe data were derived from a community based health survey among 304 native Dutch, 330 Turkish and 299 Moroccan migrants, aged 55–74 years, living in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Acceptability, reliability, convergent and construct validity were studied.ResultsAcceptability of the CES‐D was satisfactory, although Moroccan migrants and Turkish females had difficulty answering one or more of the (interpersonal) items from the CES‐D. Translated versions of the CES‐D proved to be highly internal consistent and have good convergent validity in both Turkish and Moroccan elderly. Depressed and somatic items were much more intermingled in Turkish and Moroccan elderly compared to earlier studies and native Dutch elderly. This fits to the hypothesis that Turkish and Moroccan elderly migrants tend to somatize their depressive symptoms much more than native Western elderly.ConclusionThe utility of the CES‐D for elderly migrants of Turkish and Moroccan descent was found to be satisfactory. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.