bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyponatremia in Guillain-Barre Syndrome: A Review of Its Pathophysiology and Management
Authors: Netto Archana B. , Chandrahasa Niveditha , Koshy Sheril S. , Taly Arun B. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT:Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is the commonest cause of acute polyradiculoneuropathy that requires hospitalization. Many of these patients experience systemic and disease-related complications during its course. Notable among them is hyponatremia. Though recognized for decades, the precise incidence, prevalence, and mechanism of hyponatremia in GBS are not well known. Hyponatremia in GBS patients is associated with more severe in-hospital disease course, prolonged hospitalization, higher mortality, increased costs, and a greater number of other complications in the hospital and worse functional status at 6 months and at 1 year. Though there are several reports of low sodium associated with GBS, many have not included the exact temporal relationship of sodium or its serial values during GBS thereby underestimating the exact incidence, prevalence, and magnitude of the problem. Early detection, close monitoring, and better understanding of the pathophysiology of hyponatremia have therapeutic implications. We review the complexities of the relationship between hyponatremia and GBS with regard to its pathophysiology and treatment.
From segmentalist to liberal skill formation system: A comparative analysis of labour market activation policies in Japan and South Korea
Authors: Lee Sophia Seung-yoon , Nahm Jaewook 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study provides a comparative analysis of the evolution of skill formation systems in Japan and South Korea, considering the nuances in active labour market policies (ALMPs) and institutional transformations in the post-industrial landscape. Both nations initially adopted segmentalist skill formation systems; however, they now exhibit divergent paths. Korea, in particular, has undergone institutional changes from segmentalist to a liberal skill formation system, with firms reducing their involvement in skill formation, resulting in a pronounced skill formation gap. Firms have curtailed their role in skill formation in alignment with environmental changes, and ALMPs have primarily centred on job creation for the elderly and small- and medium-sized enterprise employment subsidies. Conversely, Japan has maintained consistent policy approaches despite similar environmental changes. This study highlights that these divergent trajectories are rooted in the different stages of institutional maturity established during industrialization.
“Free Passage” for the “King's True Liegemen”: The Meaning of Free Trade in a Corporate Age, 1555–1624
Authors: Pennington David 
Published: February 2024

AbstractScholars of late have come to reevaluate and appreciate the achievements of merchant companies that fostered commercial networks and established new global trade routes. This research would seem to lend support to historians who have characterized early seventeenth-century calls for “free trade” as mere sloganeering driven by provincial merchants suspicious of the London-dominated corporations. This article challenges this view and argues that free trade ideas had deep roots in early modern political culture. It traces the origins of these ideas to protests in the sixteenth century and shows how a broad coalition of interests drew upon ideas of property rights and the ancient constitution to challenge the new companies. So compelling were free trade arguments that they became a commonplace in the economic debates of an emerging public sphere. A reconsideration of the free trade campaign that is attentive to interactions and negotiations between the Privy Council, Parliament, and the public highlights the ability of the early modern state before the 1630s to readjust the political economy of the commonwealth.
Calico Madams and South Sea Cheats: Global Trade, Finance, and Popular Protest in Early Hanoverian England
Authors: Swingen Abigail L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn the summer of 1719, woolen and silk weavers took to the streets in cities and towns across England to protest the East India Company's importation of cotton calicoes from South Asia. English weavers viewed these popular imports as hurting their economic livelihoods. During the protests, they violently turned their anger against women wearing calico, tearing off their clothes and even throwing acid on some victims. Their actions spurred widespread condemnation, but the weavers got what they wanted in the end. In March 1721, an act banning the importation and use of all calico cloth in Britain received royal assent. On that same day, an act arranging the first in a series of financial rescues of the South Sea Company in the wake of the South Sea Bubble became law. Drawing from a range of archival and printed sources, the author explores the political and cultural connections between the calico crisis and the South Sea Bubble and investigates how reactions to both episodes intersected ideologically with fears of Jacobitism and foreign invasion and with broader anxieties about gender, the social order, and the political influence of financial corporations.
Trilobites from the Al Rose Formation (Lower Ordovician, Inyo Mountains, California)—faunas marginal to the Great Basin
Authors: Fortey Richard A. , Vargas-Parra Ernesto E. , Droser Mary L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Lower Ordovician (Floian) Al Rose Formation from the Inyo Mountains, California, is a deeper-water, graptolitic equivalent of the well-known and richly fossiliferous successions described from Utah and Nevada. It is considered to have been originally marginal to the Laurentian paleocontinent. It has yielded a low-diversity trilobite fauna that differs strikingly from contemporary faunas to the east in its abundance of raphiophorid, nileid, olenid, and agnostoid trilobites, resembling that of the Nileid Biofacies known from scattered locations marginal to Laurentia. Two new trilobite species are described: Globampyx sexsegmentatus (Raphiophoridae) and Protopresbynileus divergens (Nileidae). Carolinites genacinaca Ross, 1951 is a link with the Great Basin. Other trilobites include the olenid Cloacaspis cf. C. ceryx anataphra Fortey, 1974, metagnostid Geragnostus cf. G. (Novoagnostus) longicollis Raymond, 1925, and pliomerid Hintzeia sp.UUID: https://zoobank.org/19a679ce-968d-4ce1-a590-f7f55bf9d62d
By Any Means Necessary? How Black and White Americans Evaluate Protest Tactics in Response to a Police Killing
Authors: Mclaren Leann , Walker Zoe 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe majority of protests in support of racial justice are peaceful. However, since the racial reckoning of 2020, there has been debate about when and how exposure to violent or disruptive protest activities can shift public opinion towards a social movement. Using the Black Lives Matter Movement as a lens, we design a survey experiment to test the causal effects of different protest tactics on support for protesters and the movement itself among Black and white Americans. We include a control condition with no protest and manipulate the level of disruption in each treatment condition, ranging from a simple march in response to the police killing of an unarmed Black man to a protest in which participants set fire to an empty police headquarters. We use OLS regressions to estimate average treatment effects. Overall, we find that both Blacks and whites react negatively to more disruptive protests but whites tend to react more negatively than Blacks. Conversely, we also find that whites overall report more confidence in the ability of Black Lives Matter to facilitate racial equality after exposure to a protest, even when that protest employs disruptive tactics. We also test for the moderating effects of racial identity and racial resentment. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for the broader literature on social movements and public opinion.
The association between neighborhood-level social fragmentation and distressing psychotic-like experiences in early adolescence: the moderating role of close friends
Authors: Ku Benson S. , Ren Jiyuan , Compton Michael T. , Druss Benjamin G. , Guo Shuyi , Walker Elaine F. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundEarly exposure to neighborhood social fragmentation has been shown to be associated with schizophrenia. The impact of social fragmentation and friendships on distressing psychotic-like experiences (PLE) remains unknown. We investigate the relationships between neighborhood social fragmentation, number of friends, and distressing PLE among early adolescents.MethodsData were collected from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. Generalized linear mixed models tested associations between social fragmentation and distressing PLE, as well as the moderating role of the number of total and close friends.ResultsParticipants included 11 133 adolescents aged 9 to 10, with 52.3% being males. Greater neighborhood social fragmentation was associated with higher levels of distressing PLE (adjusted β = 0.05; 95% CI: 0.01–0.09). The number of close but not total friends significantly interacted with social fragmentation to predict distressing PLE (adjusted β = −0.02; 95% CI: −0.04 to <−0.01). Among those with fewer close friends, the association between neighborhood social fragmentation and distressing PLE was significant (adjusted β = 0.07; 95% CI: 0.03–0.11). However, among those with more close friends, the association was non-significant (adjusted β = 0.03; 95% CI: −0.01 to 0.07).ConclusionsGreater neighborhood social fragmentation is associated with higher levels of distressing PLE, particularly among those with fewer close friends. Further research is needed to disentangle aspects of the interaction between neighborhood characteristics and the quality of social interactions that may contribute to psychosis, which would have implications for developing effective interventions at the individual and community levels.
The importance of falsification endpoints in observational studies of vaccination to prevent severe disease: A critique of a harm–benefit analysis of BNT162b2 vaccination of 5- to 11-year-olds
Authors: Høeg Tracy B. , Haslam Alyson , Prasad Vinay 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe explore one systematic review and meta-analysis of both observational and randomized studies examining COVID-19 vaccines in 5- to 11-year-olds, which reported substantial benefits associated with vaccinating this age group. We discuss the limitations of the individual studies that were used to estimate vaccination benefits. The review included five observational studies that evaluated vaccine effectiveness (VE) against COVID-19 severe disease or hospitalization. All five studies failed to adequately assess differences in underlying health between vaccination groups. In terms of vaccination harms, looking only at the randomized studies, a significantly higher odds of adverse events was identified among the vaccinated compared with the unvaccinated. Observational studies are at risk of overestimating the effectiveness of vaccines against severe disease if healthy vaccinee bias is present. Falsification endpoints can provide valuable information about underlying healthy vaccinee bias. Studies that have not adequately ruled out bias due to better health among the vaccinated or more vaccinated should be viewed as unreliable for estimating the VE of COVID-19 vaccination against severe disease and mortality. Existing systematic reviews that include observational studies of the COVID-19 vaccine in children may have overstated or falsely inferred vaccine benefits due to unidentified or undisclosed healthy vaccinee bias.
On a conjecture of Conlon, Fox, and Wigderson
Authors: Fan Chunchao , Lin Qizhong , Yan Yuanhui 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFor graphs
$G$
and
$H$
, the Ramsey number
$r(G,H)$
is the smallest positive integer
$N$
such that any red/blue edge colouring of the complete graph
$K_N$
contains either a red
$G$
or a blue
$H$
. A book
$B_n$
is a graph consisting of
$n$
triangles all sharing a common edge.Recently, Conlon, Fox, and Wigderson conjectured that for any
$0\lt \alpha \lt 1$
, the random lower bound
$r(B_{\lceil \alpha n\rceil },B_n)\ge (\sqrt{\alpha }+1)^2n+o(n)$
is not tight. In other words, there exists some constant
$\beta \gt (\sqrt{\alpha }+1)^2$
such that
$r(B_{\lceil \alpha n\rceil },B_n)\ge \beta n$
for all sufficiently large
$n$
. This conjecture holds for every
$\alpha \lt 1/6$
by a result of Nikiforov and Rousseau from 2005, which says that in this range
$r(B_{\lceil \alpha n\rceil },B_n)=2n+3$
for all sufficiently large
$n$
.We disprove the conjecture of Conlon, Fox, and Wigderson. Indeed, we show that the random lower bound is asymptotically tight for every
$1/4\leq \alpha \leq 1$
. Moreover, we show that for any
$1/6\leq \alpha \le 1/4$
and large
$n$
,
$r(B_{\lceil \alpha n\rceil }, B_n)\le \left (\frac 32+3\alpha \right ) n+o(n)$
, where the inequality is asymptotically tight when
$\alpha =1/6$
or
$1/4$
. We also give a lower bound of
$r(B_{\lceil \alpha n\rceil }, B_n)$
for
$1/6\le \alpha \lt \frac{52-16\sqrt{3}}{121}\approx 0.2007$
, showing that the random lower bound is not tight, i.e., the conjecture of Conlon, Fox, and Wigderson holds in this interval.
A single-institutional experience with 36 children less than 5 kilograms supported with the Berlin Heart: Comparison of congenital versus acquired heart disease
Authors: Bleiweis Mark S. , Sharaf Omar M. , Philip Joseph , Peek Giles J. , Stukov Yuriy , Janelle Gregory M. , Pitkin Andrew D. , Sullivan Kevin J. , Nixon Connie S. , Neal Dan , Jacobs Jeffrey P. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectives:We reviewed outcomes in all 36 consecutive children <5 kg supported with the Berlin Heart pulsatile ventricular assist device at the University of Florida, comparing those with acquired heart disease (n = 8) to those with congenital heart disease (CHD) (n = 28).Methods:The primary outcome was mortality. The Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank tests were used to assess group differences in long-term survival after ventricular assist device insertion. T-tests using estimated survival proportions were used to compare groups at specific time points.Results:Of 82 patients supported with the Berlin Heart at our institution, 49 (49/82 = 59.76%) weighed <10 kg and 36 (36/82 = 43.90%) weighed <5 kg. Of 36 patients <5 kg, 26 (26/36 = 72.22%) were successfully bridged to transplantation. (The duration of support with ventricular assist device for these 36 patients <5 kg was [days]: median = 109, range = 4–305.) Eight out of 36 patients <5 kg had acquired heart disease, and all eight [8/8 = 100%] were successfully bridged to transplantation. (The duration of support with ventricular assist device for these 8 patients <5 kg with acquired heart disease was [days]: median = 50, range = 9–130.) Twenty-eight of 36 patients <5 kg had congenital heart disease. Eighteen of these 28 [64.3%] were successfully bridged to transplantation. (The duration of support with ventricular assist device for these 28 patients <5 kg with congenital heart disease was [days]: median = 136, range = 4–305.) For all 36 patients who weighed <5 kg: 1-year survival estimate after ventricular assist device insertion = 62.7% (95% confidence interval = 48.5–81.2%) and 5-year survival estimate after ventricular assist device insertion = 58.5% (95% confidence interval = 43.8–78.3%). One-year survival after ventricular assist device insertion = 87.5% (95% confidence interval = 67.3–99.9%) in acquired heart disease and 55.6% (95% confidence interval = 39.5–78.2%) in CHD, P = 0.036. Five-year survival after ventricular assist device insertion = 87.5% (95% confidence interval = 67.3–99.9%) in acquired heart disease and 48.6% (95% confidence interval = 31.6–74.8%) in CHD, P = 0.014.Conclusion:Pulsatile ventricular assist device facilitates bridge to transplantation in neonates and infants weighing <5 kg; however, survival after ventricular assist device insertion in these small patients is less in those with CHD in comparison to those with acquired heart disease.
Academic Solidarity in the Wake of Disaster: Blueprint for an Online Writing Support Group
Authors: Hintz Lisel 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTThis article develops a blueprint for creating online writing groups (OWGs) to support scholars who are directly and indirectly affected by disaster. Those who are living in regions affected by natural disasters face a severe psychological toll along with physical and logistical challenges. Furthermore, scholars in the diaspora who are watching their colleagues go about daily life while they struggle to meet writing deadlines can also experience detrimental psychological effects, including isolation anxiety. Findings from disaster studies research suggest that communal coping strategies can mitigate the short- and long-term challenges to mental health, including spiraling concerns about productivity that, in turn, inhibit productivity. My research builds on these studies, as well as analyses of virtual platforms used during the COVID-19 pandemic, to identify specific aspects of OWGs that can provide community and structure for scholars in the wake of natural disasters. I draw from my experience of creating and hosting a Zoom writing group for scholars from Turkey and Syria in the aftermath of the February 2023 earthquakes. In addition to participant observation of more than 240 two-hour sessions held over 42 weeks between March and December 2023, I draw from a survey-based assessment and email correspondence with participants to develop a best-practices model that I hope other scholars will replicate.
Nutritional, environmental and economic implications of children plate waste at school: a comparison between two Italian case studies
Authors: Biasini Beatrice , Donati Michele , Rosi Alice , Giopp Francesca , Colić Barić Irena , Bituh Martina , Brečić Ružica , Brennan Mary , Ilić Ana , Quarrie Steve , Sayed Maysara , Tregear Angela , Menozzi Davide , Scazzina Francesca 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective:
This study aims at comparing two Italian case studies in relation to schoolchildren’s plate waste and its implications, in terms of nutritional loss, economic cost and carbon footprint.

Design:
Plate waste was collected through an aggregate selective weighting method for 39 d.

Setting:
Children from the first to the fifth grade from four primary schools, two in each case study (Parma and Lucca), were involved.

Results:
With respect to the served food, in Parma, the plate waste percentage was lower than in Lucca (P < 0·001). Fruit and side dishes were highly wasted, mostly in Lucca (>50 %). The energy loss of the lunch meals accounted for 26 % (Parma) and 36 % (Lucca). Among nutrients, dietary fibre, folate and vitamin C, Ca and K were lost at most (26–45 %). Overall, after adjusting for plate waste data, most of the lunch menus fell below the national recommendations for energy (50 %, Parma; 79 %, Lucca) and nutrients, particularly for fat (85 %, Parma; 89 %, Lucca). Plate waste was responsible for 19 % (Parma) and 28 % (Lucca) of the carbon footprint associated with the food supplied by the catering service, with starchy food being the most important contributor (52 %, Parma; 47 %, Lucca). Overall, the average cost of plate waste was 1·8 €/kg (Parma) and 2·7 €/kg (Lucca), accounting respectively for 4 % and 10 % of the meal full price.

Conclusion:
A re-planning of the school meals service organisation and priorities is needed to decrease the inefficiency of the current system and reduce food waste and its negative consequences.
PERFECTING GROUP SCHEMES
Authors: Coulembier Kevin , Williamson Geordie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe initiate a systematic study of the perfection of affine group schemes of finite type over fields of positive characteristic. The main result intrinsically characterises and classifies the perfections of reductive groups and obtains a bijection with the set of classifying spaces of compact connected Lie groups topologically localised away from the characteristic. We also study the representations of perfectly reductive groups. We establish a highest weight classification of simple modules, the decomposition into blocks, and relate extension groups to those of the underlying abstract group.
Existential distress and associated factors in advanced cancer patients: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Xu Guiru , Zheng Jianwei , Lin Xiaodan , Wu Hong , Yang Shangwang , Xiao Huimin , Lin Xiaoyan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundAdvanced cancer patients often experience existential distress (ED). However, the factors associated with ED remain unclear. This study investigated the current state of ED and identified the associated factors in Chinese patients with advanced cancer.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 352 advanced cancer patients from 3 tertiary hospitals in Fujian, China. Participants were invited to complete the Existential Distress Scale, Number Rating Scale, Self-Perceived Burden Scale, Quality of Life Concerns in the End-of-Life Questionnaire, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the level of existential distress among advanced cancer patients in China and identify the associated factors.ResultsA total of 352 advanced cancer patients were recruited for this study. The average score for ED was 8.48 ± 7.12 among the advanced cancer patients. Multiple regression showed that the associated factors included depression (β = 0.32, p = 0.000), self-perceived burden (SPB) (β = 0.18, p = 0.001), the presence of a spouse (β = −0.10, p = 0.050), and reception of government subsidies (β = 0.17, p = 0.001). The factors accounted for 30.1% of the total variance in ED (F = 8.472, p < 0.001).Significance of resultsAmong the advanced cancer patients queried, ED was found to be positively influenced by depression, SPB, and reception of government subsidies and negatively influenced by the presence of a spouse. Depression was the most important risk factor, and thus future ED interventions should target depression.
Learning-based surface deformation recovery for large radio telescope antennas
Authors: Tong Zhan , Ren Xuesong , Meng Guoxiang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe surface deformation of the main reflector in a large radio telescope is closely related to its working efficiency, which is important for some astronomical science studies. Here, we present a deep learning-based surface deformation recovery framework using non-interferometric intensity measurements as input. The recurrent convolutional neural network (RCNN) is developed to establish the inverse mapping relationship between the surface deformation of the main reflector and the intensity images at the aperture plane and at a near-field plane. Meanwhile, a physical forward propagation model is adopted to generate a large amount of data for pre-training in a computationally efficient manner. Then, the inverse mapping relationship is adjusted and improved by transfer learning using experimental data, which achieves a 15-fold reduction in the number of training image sets required, which is helpful to facilitate the practical application of deep learning in this field. In addition, the RCNN model can be trained as a denoiser, and it is robust to the axial positioning error of the measuring points. It is also promising to extend this method to the study of adaptive optics.