bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photon-counting detector CT-based virtual monoenergetic reconstructions: repeatability and reproducibility of radiomics features of an organic phantom and human myocardium
Authors: Wolf Elias V. , Müller Lukas , Schoepf U. Joseph , Fink Nicola , Griffith Joseph P. , Zsarnoczay Emese , Baruah Dhiraj , Suranyi Pal , Kabakus Ismael M. , Halfmann Moritz C. , Emrich Tilman , Varga-Szemes Akos , O‘Doherty Jim 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Photon-counting detector computed tomography (PCD-CT) may influence imaging characteristics for various clinical conditions due to higher signal and contrast-to-noise ratio in virtual monoenergetic images (VMI). Radiomics analysis relies on quantification of image characteristics. We evaluated the impact of different VMI reconstructions on radiomic features in in vitro and in vivo PCD-CT datasets.

Methods
An organic phantom consisting of twelve samples (four oranges, four onions, and four apples) was scanned five times. Twenty-three patients who had undergone coronary computed tomography angiography on a first generation PCD-CT system with the same image acquisitions were analyzed. VMIs were reconstructed at 6 keV levels (40, 55, 70, 90, 120, and 190 keV). The phantoms and the patients’ left ventricular myocardium (LVM) were segmented for all reconstructions. Ninety-three original radiomic features were extracted. Repeatability and reproducibility were evaluated through intraclass correlations coefficient (ICC) and post hoc paired samples ANOVA t test.

Results
There was excellent repeatability for radiomic features in phantom scans (all ICC = 1.00). Among all VMIs, 36/93 radiomic features (38.7%) in apples, 28/93 (30.1%) in oranges, and 33/93 (35.5%) in onions were not significantly different. For LVM, the percentage of stable features was high between VMIs ≥ 90 keV (90 versus 120 keV, 77.4%; 90 versus 190 keV, 83.9%; 120 versus 190 keV, 89.3%), while comparison to lower VMI levels led to fewer reproducible features (40 versus 55 keV, 8.6%).

Conclusions
VMI levels influence the stability of radiomic features in an organic phantom and patients’ LVM; stability decreases considerably below 90 keV.

Relevance statement
Spectral reconstructions significantly influence radiomic features in vitro and in vivo, necessitating standardization and careful attention to these reconstruction parameters before clinical implementation.

Key points
• Radiomic features have an excellent repeatability within the same PCD-CT acquisition and reconstruction.
• Differences in VMI lead to decreased reproducibility for radiomic features.
• VMI ≥ 90 keV increased the reproducibility of the radiomic features.

Graphical Abstract
Adiabatic collapse of non-homogeneous self-gravitating gas cloud
Authors: Silveira F. E. M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this letter, we find the critical mass of a self-gravitating, spherically symmetric gas cloud, above which the fluid, within the bubble, collapses. Our analysis departs from a non-homogeneous equilibrium density, satisfying the Boltzmann relation. A time scale is defined in terms of the adiabatic index of the gas. Subsequently, a sinusoidal perturbation around equilibrium is regarded, thereby leading to a dispersion relation of frequency with wavelength, which does not depend on geometrical curvature effects. Such a formulation clearly justifies that the collapse occurs much faster than predicted by the well-known Jeans approach. The equilibrium profiles of the density, gravitational field, and potential are obtained as functions of the spherical radius coordinate at marginal instability. Since our theory captures the essential physics of gravitational collapse, it can be used as the starting point for several advancements in galactic dynamics.
Getting Past a Crisis Mentality
Authors: Tinkle Theresa 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This opinion piece advocates for literature courses that examine the United States’ mental health crisis from the perspective of neurodiverse writers. This is not a short-term solution to the crisis, but over time courses can have a powerful impact on students’ attitudes toward and understanding of mental illness. Courses engaging in this work will advance the cause of social justice and the full inclusion of neurodiverse students and faculty in our classrooms and on our campuses.
Cultivating a Political Learning Ecology
Authors: Huseby Amy Kahrmann , Thierauf Doreen 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This article details a collaboratively designed and taught honors course, Cultures of the Anthropocene: Climate Change and Survivance. The authors invite readers to consider interinstitutional political learning ecologies a viable and vibrant model of instruction for early-career scholars and experienced teachers seeking professional development and a profound pedagogical challenge.
Should You Kill the Spider?
Authors: Ioanes Anna 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The appearance of a spider in the classroom can disrupt the flow of teaching, often prompting strong reactions that unsettle classroom norms. Minor classroom disruptions like this might not seem worth theorizing, but this essay reframes such disruptions as rich sites for understanding the role of affect in humanities pedagogy. Ultimately arguing against killing a spider in the classroom, this essay theorizes the moment of disruption as an opportunity to model humanistic attention to both human and nonhuman actors in the classroom space.
The influence of artificial intelligence on the work of the medical physicist in radiotherapy practice: a short review
Authors: Fiagbedzi Emmanuel , Hasford Francis , Tagoe Samuel Nii 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
There have been many applications and influences of Artificial intelligence (AI) in many sectors and its professionals, that of radiotherapy and the medical physicist is no different. AI and technological advances have necessitated changing roles of medical physicists due to the development of modernized technology with image-guided accessories for the radiotherapy treatment of cancer patients. Given the changing role of medical physicists in ensuring patient safety and optimal care, AI can reshape radiotherapy practice now and in some years to come. Medical physicists’ roles in radiotherapy practice have evolved to meet technology for the management of better patient care in the age of modern radiotherapy. This short review provides an insight into the influence of AI on the changing role of medical physicists in each specific chain of the workflow in radiotherapy in which they are involved.
Thyroid status in pregnancy: Comparison of thyroid function abnormalities in women with and without a history of miscarriage or stillbirth
Authors: Abbas Ghulam , Sabir Samina , Ur Rehman Siddiq , Gohar Beenish 
Published: October 2023

Objective: To evaluate thyroid function tests (TFTs) during pregnancy in women with previous history of miscarriage or stillbirth.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out at the department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Endocrinology, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar from February 2021 to March 2022. All multigravida women attending the antenatal clinics were included using consecutive sampling. These women were placed into two groups, Group-A comprised of women with no prior history of miscarriages or stillbirths, and those with a history of foetal death during previous pregnancies were assigned Group-B. Free T4, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies were measured and the former two were used to label patients with thyroid dysfunction.
Results: A total of 139 multigravida women were included in the study. About 43% of the women had a history of miscarriages or stillbirths. Thyroid dysfunction was observed overall in 36.69 % women, of whom 25.18% had sub-clinical hypothyroidism, 6.47% had hypothyroidism and 5.04 % were sub-clinical hyperthyroid. Women in Group-B had more thyroid functions abnormalities compared to Group-A (p<0.05). Moreover, there was significant difference in median TSH and freeT4 between the groups (p<0.001). Overall, thyroid dysfunction was found in 66.67% of patients who had a history of foetal death.
Conclusions: In pregnant women with a history of miscarriage or abortion, thyroid functions abnormalities are common therefore routine thyroid testing is advised in pregnant women to prevent adverse perinatal outcomes.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.1.7282
How to cite this: Abbas G, Sabir SA, Siddiq Ur Rehman, Gohar B. Thyroid status in pregnancy: Comparison of thyroid function abnormalities in women with and without a history of miscarriage or stillbirth. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.1.7282
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Correlation between the risk of lymph node metastasis and the expression of GBP1 in breast cancer patients
Authors: Liu Yukun , Wu Ziying , Lin Jun , Wang Zhimei 
Published: October 2023

Objective: To explore the prognostic value and correlation between the risk of lymph node metastasis (LNM) and Guanylate-binding Protein 1 (GBP1) in breast cancer (BC) patients.
Methods: In this retrospective study, the clinical data of 150 patients with BC who were surgically resected in The Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital of Qingdao University from January 2019 to December 2021 were included. Patients were divided into metastasis group (n=110) or non-metastasis group (n=40) according to whether there was LNM post-surgery. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for LNM in BC, and Kaplan-Meier was used to assess the risk of disease progression 12 months post-operation in both groups. Patients were divided into a GBP1 low expression-group (n=75) or a GBP1 high expression-group (n=75). The risk of disease progression, one-year post-surgery was analyzed, and the predictive value of GBP1 in BC tissue was assessed by the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve.
Results: Independent risk factors for BC with LNM were GBP1, CEA and TNM stage (P<0.05). There is a linear relationship between GBP1 expression and LNM risk in BC (χ2=0.88, P<0.05). Patients with high expression of GBP1 had a higher risk of LNM (χ2=3.204, P<0.001) and early postoperative progression (χ2=7.412, P<0.05). The AUC of GBP1 in predicting the risk of LNM was 0.840.
Conclusions: Patients with BC and a higher expression of GBP1 could be at an increased risk of LNM. Elevations in GBP1 expression can also suggest a poor prognosis for patients with BC.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.1.8251
How to cite this: Liu Y, Wu Z, Lin J, Wang Z. Correlation between the risk of lymph node metastasis and the expression of GBP1 in breast cancer patients. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.1.8251
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
THE RENAISSANCE GARDEN AND ITS CONTRADICTIONS
Authors: Nutt Nele 
Published: October 2023

This article looks at the contradictory essence of the Renaissancegarden, which is reflected in the dialogue of the garden’s formand content, and which is in constant change. While the gardenof the Quattrocento with its formal language of rigid geometricrules stimulates free thought and the emotional world, remaininga modest background itself, the garden of the Cinquecento dictatesthe direction of thought and produces concrete frames for it. The
thought of the Early Renaissance, boundlessly freewheeling in theworld of fantasy, is increasingly tied to the garden’s form. The gentleemotion of the inner world is suffocated by the intruders from theouter world and the garden that carried the free thought of EarlyRenaissance becomes an area of restraint.
URBAN SPACE AND CULTURAL ARCHETYPES
Authors: Broner-Bauer Kaisa 
Published: October 2023

This paper analyses cultural and aesthetic phenomena and theirinherent meanings within the Japanese city. In the introduction, Ifirst briefly define the key concepts used in the analysis: culturalarchetype, collective memory, and cultural identity. I will approach
the theme from a comparative point of view by examining Japaneseurban features and archetypal principles in contrast to the Europeancity.Early Japanese urbanisation centred around imperial palaces, withthe first cities founded by successive emperors from the 7th centuryonwards in the Nara region, near present-day Kyoto. The orthogonalplan for the imperial capital was copied from the contemporaneousChinese dynasties. Spatial organisation was hierarchical, imperialquarters were located at the northern end of the central south–northaxis of the city, and the most prestigious plots were around theEmperor’s palace. Kyoto, the historical Heian-Kyô, was founded asthe imperial capital in 794.Tokyo, the historical Edo, became a “castle city” in 1457 when amilitary castle was built, and subsequently the capital when theshôgun moved government from Kyoto to Edo in 1603. The shôgun’scastle, the centre of power, intertwined with the hierarchical urbanorder spiralling around it. Edo gradually became a modern capital,Tokyo, while Kyoto remained the traditional centre of high cultureand the seat of the powerless Emperor until 1868.The Japanese city is a cultural metaphor. Psychological uncertainty,due to the country’s location in a precarious earthquake and volcaniczone, and an awareness of the perishability of life based on Buddhistphilosophy, have all deeply influenced both Japanese culture andthe Japanese mind. Emptiness, the Taoist ideal linked to Buddhistthinking, is also reflected in the urban space. For instance, a Japanesecity has no designated urban centre whereas in the European citythis is a culturally and economically accentuated place.In this paper, I also analyse the Japanese spatial concepts ma andoku, along with their archetypal manifestations in urban tissue andstreet scape. While ma means experiencing space in time, oku refers tothe hidden dimension of the urban experience, or the psychologicalstate of processing a path whereby the urban core remains hiddenand only partially discovered.Regardless of Japan’s recent historical and economic development,the cultural characteristics of urban spaces have not changed a greatdeal. Tokyo is still a mosaic city of small village-type communitieswith an inherent feeling of togetherness. Hidenoby Jinnai has calledthis phenomenon an “ethnic continuity” whereby the new and theold are mixed in an ethnic order.
Price Delegation with Learning Agents
Authors: Atasu Atalay , Ciocan Dragos Florin , Désir Antoine 
Published: October 2023

Many firms delegate pricing decisions to sales agents that directly interact with customers. A premise behind this practice is that sales agents can gather informative signals about the customer’s valuation for the good of interest. The information acquired through this interaction with the customer can then be used to make better pricing decisions. We study the underlying principal-agent problem that arises in such situations. In this setting, the agent can exert costly effort to learn a customer’s valuation and then decide on the price to quote to the customer, whereas the firm needs to offer a contract to the agent to induce its desired joint learning and pricing behavior. We analyze two versions of this problem: a base model where there is a single customer and a single good, and a generalization where there are multiple customers and limited inventory of the good. For both problems, we find a family of contracts whose payoffs can approach first-best payoffs arbitrarily closely even if the agent has limited liability, that is, garners nonnegative payments in all states of the world, and shed light on the structure and implementation of such contracts. Under reasonable assumptions, these contracts can be implemented with commissions that are convex increasing in revenues up to some cap. These contracts continue to perform well under practical adjustments such as commissions with a revenue-sharing structure. This paper was accepted by Itai Ashlagi, revenue management and market analytics. Supplemental Material: The e-companion and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4939 .
Switching and vector characteristics of bound-state solitons in a graphene-based mode-locked fiber laser
Authors: Li Geng , Li Xingwei , Li Shuguang , Li Jianshe , Guo Ying , Meng Xiaojian , Pei Menglei , Cui Xingwang , Qin Ling , Li Meng 
Published: October 2023

A passive mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser based on graphene operating in the anomalous dispersion state is designed in this paper. In this experiment, the complete convert process from traditional soliton pulses to soliton rains and bound-state (BS) soliton pulses, and ultimately to traditional soliton pulses, is achieved by adjusting the pump power and polarization controller (PC) to control factors such as nonlinearity, dispersion, and birefringence in the cavity. In the BS soliton state, switching between the 0 phase and π phase BS solitons is achieved. We also replaced the 20/80 coupler with the 30/70 coupler to achieve the soliton rains by varying the energy alteration of the intracavity pulse. When the pump power is increased to 350 mW, the laser generates multi-pulses and eventually forms a new BS. In addition, we also studied the soliton vector characteristics during this conversion process and found the polarization-locked vector soliton (PLVS). The research results enrich nonlinear vector soliton dynamics and provide valuable data for further theoretical studies.
A country-wide health policy in Chile for deaf adults using cochlear implants: Analysis of health determinants and social impacts
Authors: Bustos-Rubilar Mario , Kyle Fiona , Luna Eliazar , Allel Kasim , Hormazabal Ximena , Tapia-Mora Daniel , Mahon Merle 
Published: October 2023

Background
Post-lingual deafness represents a critical challenge for adults’ well-being with substantial public health burdens. One treatment of choice has been cochlear implants (CI) for people with severe to profound hearing loss (HL). Since 2018, Chile has implemented a high-cost policy to cover CI treatment, the “Ley Ricarte Soto" (LRS) health policy. However, wide variability exists in the use of this device. To date, no related study has been published on policy evaluation in Chile or other Latin American countries.

Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the LRS policy on the treatment success and labour market inclusion among deaf or hard of hearing (DHH) adults using CI. We examined and characterised outcomes based on self-reports about treatment success and occupation status between 2018 and 2020.

Design
We performed a prospective study using hospital clinical records and an online questionnaire with 76 DHH adults aged >15 who had received CIs since the introduction of the LRS policy in 2018. Using univariate and multivariate regression models, we investigated the relationship between demographic, audiological, and social determinants of health and outcomes, including treatment success for social inclusion (International Outcome inventory for Hearing Aids and CIs assessment: IOI-HA) and occupation status for labour market inclusion.

Results
Our study showed elevated levels of treatment success in most of the seven sub-scores of the IOI-HA assessment. Similarly, around 70% of participants maintained or improved their occupations after receiving their CI. We found a significant positive association between treatment success and market inclusion. Participants diagnosed at younger ages had better results than older participants in both outcomes. Regarding social determinants of health, findings suggested participants with high social health insurance and a shorter commute time to the clinic had better results in treatment success. For labour market inclusion, participants with high education levels and better pre- CI occupation had better post-CI occupation status.

Conclusions
In evaluating the LRS policy for providing CIs for DHH adults in Chile, we found positive effects relating to treatment success and occupation status. Our study supports the importance of age at diagnosis and social determinants of health, which should be assessed by integrating public services and bringing them geographically closer to each beneficiary. Although evidence-based guidelines for candidate selection given by the LRS policy might contribute to good results, these guidelines could limit the policy access to people who do not meet the requirements of the guidelines due to social inequalities.
Profile and outcome of multiple myeloma with and without HIV treated at a tertiary hospital in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Chili Lungisile Hildegard , Mackraj Irene , Rapiti Nadine 
Published: October 2023

Objectives
To profile the outcome of multiple myeloma (MM) patients treated at a South African tertiary hospital in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) and to compare MM in HIV-negative patients and MM in people living with HIV (PLWH).

Methods
A retrospective analysis of patients with MM was conducted over 5 years (2015–2020). Patient demographics, presenting complaints, symptom duration, disease stage, molecular profile, treatment, and survival data were captured. Statistical analysis was conducted using R Statistical software of the R Core Team, 2020, version 3.6.3.

Results
135 patients; 79% (n = 106) HIV-negative and 21% (n = 29) PLWH were investigated. 54% (n = 74) females and 57% (n = 76) 51–70-year-olds. The 40-50-year-old patient group had a significantly higher proportion of PLWH (p = 0.032). Pathological fractures were the commonest presenting complaint, 47% (n = 57 and 49% (n = 49) had International Staging System, stage III disease. Fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) MM profiling was completed in 58% (n = 78). Positivity for del 11q22 was found in 23.7% (n = 14) with significantly more HIV-negative patients having the mutation (p = 0.027). Overall, 42.2% (n = 57) achieved 2-year overall survival (OS). There were no significant differences in treatment (p = 0.926) and 2-year survival outcome (p = 0.792) between the two groups.

Conclusion
The incidence of HIV in newly diagnosed MM patients in KZN was increasing. KZN patient profile differed from other reports by showing female predominance but was similar in advanced-stage presentation and bone fracture predominance. Statistically significant differences between the HIV-negative patients and PLWH were observed in age distribution and mutational landscape. Further studies are required in this area.