bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Melatonin attenuates liver injury in arsenic‐treated rats: The potential role of the Nrf2/HO‐1, apoptosis, and miR‐34a/Sirt1/autophagy pathways
Authors: Barangi Samira , Mehri Soghra , Moosavi Zahra , Yarmohammadi Fatemeh , Hayes A. Wallace , Karimi Gholamreza 
Published: January 2024

AbstractArsenic is a toxic metalloid found in the environment in different organic and inorganic forms. Molecular mechanisms implicated in arsenic hepatotoxicity are complex but include oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy. The current study focused on the potential protective capacity of melatonin against arsenic‐induced hepatotoxicity. Thirty‐six male Wistar rats were allocated into control, arsenic (15 mg/kg; orally), arsenic (15 mg/kg) plus melatonin (10, 20, and 30 mg/kg; intraperitoneally), and melatonin alone (30 mg/kg) groups for 28 days. After the treatment period, the serum sample was separated to measure liver enzymes (AST and ALT). The liver tissue was removed and then histological alterations, oxidative stress markers, antioxidant capacity, the levels of Nrf2 and HO‐1, apoptosis (Bcl‐2, survivin, Mcl1, Bax, and caspase‐3), and autophagy (Sirt1, Beclin‐1, and LC3 II/I ratio) proteins, as well as the expression level of miR‐34a, were evaluated on this tissue. Arsenic exposure resulted in the enhancement of serum AST, ALT, and substantial histological damage in the liver. Increased levels of malondialdehyde, a lipid peroxidation marker, and decreased levels of physiological antioxidants including glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were indicators of arsenic‐induced oxidative damage. The levels of Nrf2, HO‐1, and antiapoptotic proteins diminished, while proapoptotic and autophagy proteins were elevated in the arsenic group concomitant with a low level of hepatic miR‐34a. The co‐treatment of melatonin and arsenic reversed the changes caused by arsenic. These findings showed that melatonin reduced the hepatic damage induced by arsenic due to its antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties as well as its regulatory effect on the miR‐34a/Sirt1/autophagy pathway.
An analysis of coordinated responding of pigeons
Authors: Katz Brian R. , Lattal Kennon A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractExperimental analyses of coordinated responding (i.e., cooperation) have been derived from a procedure described by Skinner (1962) in which reinforcers were delivered to a pair of subjects (a dyad) if both responded within a short interval, thus satisfying a coordination contingency. Although it has been suggested that this contingency enhances rates of temporally coordinated responding, limitations of past experiments have raised questions concerning this conclusion. The present experiments addressed some of these limitations by holding the schedule of reinforcement (Experiment 1: fixed ratio 1; Experiment 2; variable interval 20 s) constant across phases and between dyad members and by varying, in different conditions, the number of response keys (one to three) across which coordination could occur. Greater percentages of coordinated responding occurred under the coordinated‐reinforcement phases than under independent‐reinforcement phases in most conditions. The one exception during the one‐key condition of Experiment 1 appeared to be a consequence of variability introduced by the independent‐reinforcement phase procedure. Furthermore, coordination percentages decreased with increasing response options under both schedules. These results confirm and extend the finding that coordination contingencies control higher rates of temporally coordinated responding than independent‐reinforcement contingencies do.
The size distribution of the agitated saline microbubbles for contrast transcranial Doppler generated using standard manual methods
Authors: Pan Zhengbin , Xiao Yiting , Wang Zhiyue , Kong Bo , Liang Yiyi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAgitated saline microbubbles (MBs) are a common contrast agent for determining right‐to‐left shunt (RLS) by the contrast transcranial Doppler (c‐TCD). The size of the generated bubbles is not standardized in clinical practice. MBs were generated using the recommended manual method by reciprocating motion through two syringes. The bubble size distributions (BSD) were measured using the microscopic shadow imaging technique. The results show that the diameter of MBs is mainly distributed between 10 and 100 μm, the mean bubble size is between 21 and 34 μm, the Sauter mean diameter (D32) is primarily between 50 and 300 μm, and the standard deviation (SD) is between 6 and 17 μm in 80 experiments. It provides a more accurate basis for the recommended manual method instability. The high variance values of the BSD indicate that the manual method has low stability and repeatability. The results of this study can be useful for further improvement of the reliability of c‐TCD in detecting RLS.Research Highlights
This study provided the first detailed descriptions of the MBs size distribution in a flowing contrast agent by the microscopic shadow imaging technique.
It reveals significant differences in the bubble size of manual foaming during repeated manipulations for each individual and between individuals.
Visible light‐mediated photocatalyzed synthesis of oxazole via intermolecular CN and CO bond formation
Authors: Beg Mohd Zaheeruddin , Tivari Shraddha , Kashyap Akanksha , Singh Pravin K. , Singh Praveen P. , Nainwal Pankaj , Srivastava Vishal 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAn efficient visible light‐mediated, eosin Y‐catalyzed synthesis of oxazole has been developed from benzil with primary amines, that providing a straightforward, green, and environmentally benign access to a wide variety of substituted oxazole‐2‐amines under mild reaction conditions.
Does emotional intelligence contribute to career success? Evidence from a systematic literature review
Authors: Sharma Shubham , Tiwari Vivek 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe relationship between career success and emotional intelligence has garnered substantial academic attention, prompting this systematic literature review to critically assess its impact. Spanning from 1995 to 2022, this review adopts the PRISMA and TCCM frameworks to examine 36 studies, focusing on the role of emotional intelligence as a predictor, mediator, moderator, and criterion in career success. The evidences predominantly indicate that emotional intelligence is a critical antecedent for various career‐related outcomes including objective and subjective career success. Further, emotional intelligence serves as a pivotal mediator in linking personality traits, career planning, and self‐efficacy to career outcomes, as elucidated in few studies. Moreover, some studies reveal its moderating role between career commitment and both objective and subjective career success. Additionally, emotional intelligence emerges as an outcome influencing emotional exhaustion and balance. The review synthesizes findings from nine theoretical frameworks, establishing a robust link between emotional intelligence and career success. This review not only affirms emotional intelligence as a substantial contributor to career advancement but also opens avenues for future research and practical applications in organizational contexts.
Drain‐free mastectomy and flap fixation: The interim analysis of a randomized controlled noninferiority trial
Authors: Spiekerman van Weezelenburg Merel A. , de Rooij Lisa , Aldenhoven Loeki , van Kuijk Sander M. J. , van Haaren Elisabeth R. M. , Janssen Alfred , Vissers Yvonne L. J. , Beets Geerard L. , van Bastelaar James 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionFlap fixation after mastectomy has proven to be one of the most promising solutions to reduce seroma formation. Drain placement remains standard practice in many clinics, even though this may be redundant after flap fixation.MethodsThis is a prospective randomized controlled trial comparing mastectomy and wound closure using flap fixation with or without drain placement. The primary outcome measure was clinically significant seroma (CSS) incidence. The aim of this interim analysis was to assess the assumptions for the sample size calculation and to provide preliminary results.ResultsBetween July 2020 and January 2023, 112 patients were included. CSS incidence was 9.1% in the drain group and 21% in the no‐drain group. In total, 10 patients were lost to follow‐up. These numbers are similar to the ones used for the sample size calculation. In the drain group, three patients required interventions for wound complications compared to nine in the no‐drain group (odds ratio: 3.612 [95% confidence interval: 0.898−14.537]).ConclusionThe sample size calculation seems to be correct and no protocol amendments are necessary. Current preliminary results show no significant differences in CSS incidence. Complete results should be awaited to draw a well‐powered conclusion regarding drain policy after mastectomy.
Minimally invasive versus open gastrectomy for gastric cancer. A pooled analysis of two European randomized controlled trials
Authors: van der Wielen Nicole , Brenkman Hylke , Seesing Maarten , Daams Freek , Ruurda Jelle , van der Veen Arjen , van der Peet Donald L. , Straatman Jennifer , van Hillegersberg Richard ,   STOMACH and LOGICA study group
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionMinimally invasive techniques have shown better short term and similar oncological outcomes compared to open techniques in the treatment of gastric cancer in Asian countries. It remains unknown whether these outcomes can be extrapolated to Western countries, where patients often present with advanced gastric cancer.Materials and MethodsA pooled analysis of two Western randomized controlled trials (STOMACH and LOGICA trial) comparing minimally invasive gastrectomy (MIG) and open gastrectomy (OG) in advanced gastric cancer was performed. Postoperative recovery (complications, mortality, hospital stay), oncological outcomes (lymph node yield, radical resection rate, 1‐year survival), and quality of life was assessed.ResultsThree hundred and twenty‐one patients were included from both trials. Of these, 162 patients (50.5%) were allocated to MIG and 159 patients (49.5%) to OG. A significant difference was seen in blood loss in favor of MIG (150 vs. 260 mL, p < 0.001), whereas duration of surgery was in favor of OG (180 vs. 228.5 min, p = 0.005). Postoperative recovery, oncological outcomes and quality of life were similar between both groups.ConclusionMIG showed no difference to OG regarding postoperative recovery, oncological outcomes or quality of life, and is therefore a safe alternative to OG in patients with advanced gastric cancer.
Approximately half of pediatric or adolescent patients undergoing revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction return to the same level of sport or higher: A systematic review
Authors: Sun Bryan , Vivekanantha Prushoth , Khalik Hassaan A. , Slawaska‐Eng David , Kay Jeffrey , Johnson Jansen , de SA Darren 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeTo summarise the surgical techniques and clinical outcomes in paediatric and adolescent patients undergoing revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (r‐ACLR).MethodsThree databases (MEDLINE, PubMed and EMBASE) were searched from inception to 29 July 2023. The authors adhered to the PRISMA and R‐AMSTAR guidelines as well as the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Data on demographics, surgical details, patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs), rates of instability, rupture and return to sport (RTS) were extracted.ResultsEight studies comprising 706 (711 knees) patients were included (48.7% female). The mean age at r‐ACLR was 17.1 years (range: 16.5–18.0). Autografts (67.5%) were more common than allografts (32.2%) in revision, with bone‐patellar tendon‐bone (BPTB) being the most prevalent autograft source (59.6%). Bone grafts were used in seven patients (4.8% of 146 patients). The most common femoral and tibial fixation techniques were interference screws (37.6% and 38.1%, of 244 patients, respectively). The most common tunnelling strategy was anatomic (69.1% of 236 patients), and meniscus repairs were performed in 39.7% of 256 patients. The re‐rupture rate was 13.0% in 293 patients. RTS at the same level or higher was 51.6% in 219 patients. The mean (SD) Lysholm score was 88.1 (12.9) in 78 patients, the mean (SD) Tegner score was 6.0 (1.6) in 78 patients, and the mean (SD) IKDC score was 82.6 (16.0) in 126 patients.ConclusionR‐ACLR in paediatric and adolescent patients predominantly uses BPTB autografts and interference screw femoral and tibial fixation with concomitant meniscal procedures. Rates of re‐rupture and RTS at the same level or higher were 13.0% and 51.6%, respectively. Information from this review can provide orthopaedic surgeons with a comprehensive understanding of the most commonly used operative techniques and their outcomes for revision ACLR in this population.Level of Evidence: Level IV.
Group A Streptococcus strains causing meningitis without distinct invasive phenotype
Authors: Marquardt Laura , Andreoni Federica , Boumasmoud Mathilde , Schweizer Tiziano A. , Heuberger Dorothea M. , Parietti Elena , Hertegonne Sanne , Epprecht Jana , Mattle Dario , Raez Anna K. , Marques‐Maggio Ewerton , Schuepbach Reto A. , Hasse Barbara , Mairpady‐Shambat Srikanth , Brugger Silvio D. , Zinkernagel Annelies S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGroup A streptococcal (GAS; aka Streptococcus pyogenes) meningitis is a fulminant disease associated with high morbidity and mortality. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the invasiveness of GAS in meningitis, we compared GAS isolates derived from five cases of meningitis to otitis and colonizing isolates. We did not observe differences in adherence to and invasion of human brain microvascular endothelial cells, virulence factors activity, or barrier disruption. Whole genome sequencing did not reveal particular invasiveness traits. Most patients previously suffered from otitis media suggesting that meningitis likely resulted from a continuous spread of the infection rather than being attributable to changes in the pathogen's virulence.
Temperature lowering of liquid nitrogen via injection of helium gas bubbles improves the generation of parahydrogen‐enriched gas
Authors: Daley James , Siciliano Joseph , Ferraro Vincent , Sutter Elodie , Lounsbery Adam , Whiting Nicholas 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe para spin isomer of hydrogen gas possesses high nuclear spin order that can enhance the NMR signals of a variety of molecular species. Hydrogen is routinely enriched in the para spin state by lowering the gas temperature while flowing through a catalyst. Although parahydrogen enrichments approaching 100% are achievable near the H2 liquefaction temperature of 20 K, many experimentalists operate at liquid nitrogen temperatures (77 K) due to the lower associated costs and overall simplicity of the parahydrogen generator. Parahydrogen that is generated at 77 K provides an enrichment value of ~51% of the para spin isomer; while useful, there are many applications that can benefit from low‐cost access to higher parahydrogen enrichments. Here, we introduce a method of improving parahydrogen enrichment values using a liquid nitrogen‐cooled generator that operates at temperatures less than 77 K. The boiling temperature of liquid nitrogen is lowered through internal evaporation into helium gas bubbles that are injected into the liquid. Changes to liquid nitrogen temperatures and parahydrogen enrichment values were monitored as a function of helium gas flow rate. The injected helium bubbles lowered the liquid nitrogen temperature to ~65.5 K, and parahydrogen enrichments of up to ~59% were achieved; this represents an ~16% improvement compared with the expected parahydrogen fraction at 77 K. This technique is simple to implement in standard liquid nitrogen‐cooled parahydrogen generators and may be of interest to a wide range of scientists that require a cost‐effective approach to improving parahydrogen enrichment values.
Advancing arts philanthropy practices for well‐being
Authors: Addis Michela , Rurale Andrea 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIndividual and collective well‐being is a global priority. Arts philanthropy can play a significant role in enhancing well‐being, both due to the direct impact of the arts on well‐being and the contribution of philanthropy to the well‐being of both donors and recipients. Despite this widely held belief, the current state of arts philanthropy highlights the need for advancements in its practices for the benefit of both givers and receivers. Through a review of previous studies, we propose a conceptual model to support the success of arts philanthropy by addressing four key elements: who, what, how, and why. Arts philanthropic practices should: (1) Identify the involved stakeholders and their interests within the context of multi‐sided markets; (2) Design and execute engaging cultural experiences as part of their offerings; (3) Incorporate the four ethical principles—namely, “Do no harm,” “Do as much good as possible,” “Respect people's autonomy,” and “Treat people with fairness”—into their decision‐making processes; (4) Utilize valid and reliable measures of well‐being.
Telegenetics to provide comprehensive prenatal diagnosis
Authors: Adams April D. , Ball Robert , Darilek Sandra 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTelehealth is an effective way to increase access to genetic services and can address several challenges, including geographic barriers, a shortage of interpreter services, and workforce issues, especially for prenatal diagnosis. The addition of prenatal telegenetics to current workflows shows promise in enhancing the delivery of genetic counseling and testing in prenatal care, providing accessibility, accuracy, patient satisfaction, and cost‐effectiveness. Further research is needed to explore long‐term patient outcomes and the evolving role of telehealth for prenatal diagnosis. Future studies should address the accuracy of diagnoses, the impact of receiving a diagnosis in a virtual setting, and patient outcomes in order to make informed decisions about the appropriate use of telemedicine in prenatal genetics service delivery.
Transition in solution dynamics of polyacrylic acid: An interplay between nonergodicity and triple mode relaxation
Authors: Mishra Banani , Jena Sidhartha S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements have been performed on the polyacrylic acid (PAA) to investigate the polyelectrolyte effect on its solution dynamics. Viscosity measurements confirm the solution to be in the nondilute regime. The polyelectrolyte impacts are contrasted by using two solution pHs, five electrolyte concentrations, and in each with four different polymer concentrations. An interesting ergodic nonergodic ergodic transitions are being observed with variation in solution pH and electrolyte concentrations, which is directly coupled to a similar transition between bi‐modal and triple mode relaxation. The partial heterodyne method is used to analyze the DLS data exhibiting nonergodicity; otherwise, the standard Siegert relation is being employed. For the new third mode of relaxation, in addition to the conventional fast and slow mode, a novel term of nonergodic mode being coined because of a direct association between its presence with the sample becoming nonergodic. The fast relaxation time being analyzed through Rouse model and both the nonergodic and slow relaxation time show a monotonous increase with rise in polymer concentration. The stretched exponent , a measure of inhomogeneity, decreases with increase in solution pH and polymer concentration while increases with the addition of salt to the solution.
Diagnosis and management of neuroendocrine prostate cancer
Authors: de Kouchkovsky Ivan , Chan Emily , Schloss Charles , Poehlein Christian , Aggarwal Rahul 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundAlthough most patients with prostate cancer (PC) respond to initial androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), castration‐resistant disease invariably develops. Progression to treatment‐emergent neuroendocrine PC (t‐NEPC) represents a unique mechanism of resistance to androgen receptor (AR)‐targeted therapy in which lineage plasticity and neuroendocrine differentiation induce a phenotypic switch from an AR‐driven adenocarcinoma to an AR‐independent NEPC. t‐NEPC is characterized by an aggressive clinical course, increased resistance to AR‐targeted therapies, and a poor overall prognosis.MethodsThis review provides an overview of our current knowledge of NEPC, with a focus on the unmet needs, diagnosis, and clinical management of t‐NEPC.ResultsEvidence extrapolated from the literature on small cell lung cancer or data from metastatic castration‐resistant PC (mCRPC) cohorts enriched for t‐NEPC suggests an increased sensitivity to platinum‐based chemotherapy. However, optimal strategies for managing t‐NEPC have not been established, and prospective clinical trial data are limited. Intertumoral heterogeneity within a given patient, as well as the lack of robust molecular or clinical biomarkers for early detection, often lead to delays in diagnosis and prolonged treatment with suboptimal strategies (i.e., conventional chemohormonal therapies for mCRPC), which may further contribute to poor outcomes.ConclusionsRecent advances in genomic and molecular classification of NEPC and the development of novel biomarkers may facilitate an early diagnosis, help to identify promising therapeutic targets, and improve the selection of patients most likely to benefit from NEPC‐targeted therapies.
Utilization trend of prebiopsy multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and its impact on prostate cancer detection: Real‐world insights from a high‐volume center in southwest China
Authors: Zhang Chichen , Tu Xiang , Dai Jindong , Zhang Zilong , Shen Chenlan , Wu Qiyou , Liu Zhenhua , Lin Tianhai , Qiu Shi , Yang Lu , Yang Ling , Zhang Mengni , Cai Diming , Bao Yige , Zeng Hao , Wei Qiang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundData on the utilization and effects of prebiopsy prostate multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) to support its routine use in real‐world setting are still scarce.ObjectiveTo evaluate the change of clinical practice of prebiopsy mpMRI over time, and assess its diagnostic accuracy.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsWe retrospectively analyzed data from 6168 patients who underwent primary prostate biopsy (PBx) between January 2011 and December 2021 and had prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) values ranging from 3 to 100 ng/mL.InterventionPrebiopsy MRI at the time of PBx.Outcome Measurements and Statistical AnalysisWe performed general linear regression and to elucidate trends in the annual use of prebiopsy mpMRI and conducted multivariable logistic regression to evaluate the potential benefits of incorporating prebiopsy mpMRI for prostate cancer (PCa) detection.Results and LimitationsThe utilization of prebiopsy mpMRI significantly increased from 9.2% in 2011 to 75.0% in 2021 (p < 0.001). In addition, prebiopsy mpMRI significantly reduced negative PBx by 8.6% while improving the detection of clinically significant PCa (csPCa) by 7.0%. Regression analysis showed that the utilization of prebiopsy mpMRI was significantly associated with a 48% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19–1.84) and 36% (95% CI: 1.12–1.66) increased PCa detection rate in the PSA 3–10 ng/mL and 10–20 ng/mL groups, respectively; and a 34% increased csPCa detection rate in the PSA 10–20 ng/mL group (95% CI: 1.09–1.64). The retrospective design and the single center cohort constituted the limitations of this study.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated a notable rise in the utilization of prebiopsy mpMRI in the past decade. The adoption of this imaging technique was significantly associated with an increased probability of detecting prostate cancer.Patient SummaryFrom 2011 to 2021, we demonstrated a steady increase in the utilization of prebiopsy mpMRI among biopsy‐naïve men. We also confirmed the positive impact of prebiopsy mpMRI utilization on the detection of prostate cancer.