bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does minimally invasive external fixation of proximal humerus fractures provide adequate biomechanical stability?
Authors: Greinwald Markus , Matschl Franz , Regenbogen Stephan , Pätzold Robert , Blonna Davide , Augat Peter 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
INTRODUCTION : Proximal humerus fractures are usually treated with rigid angle-stable plates or nails. As an alternative, semi-rigid, minimally invasive systems have been developed for supportive fixation. A new system uses this principle with 2.5 mm partially threaded pins and external fixation.
AIM: This study aimed to compare the fracture stability of the fixator with an angular stable plate about whether the mechanical stability is sufficient for early postoperative mobilisation.
MATERIALS and METHODS: Human proximal humeri (paired, female, age ≥ 60, n = 8) were cut to a 3-part fracture and treated with an external fixator (Galaxy Shoulder, Orthofix) or an angular stable plate (Philos, DePuy Synthes). A physiological load was simulated based on a 45° abduction motion. The load level was continuously increased from 10 to 320 N within 10,000 cycles simulating the loads during rehabilitation. This was followed by another 10,000 cycles at 320 N for fatigue testing. Fracture motion was recorded with a 3D camera.
Fracture stability was evaluated at a partial load of 160 N (simulating loads during early mobilisation).
RESULTS: The fracture motion at the lateral aspect was significantly (p < 0.03) larger for the fixator compared to the plate both for axial and for shear movements, while at the medial aspects fracture motions were similar. Both fixation systems adequately stabilized the lateral tubercle fragment with no significant differences between fixation techniques. The migration of the fixator pins (1.1 ± 1.0 mm) and valgus rotation of the head fragment were minimal (3.1 ± 2.0°). The maximum load level of 320 N was reached by 7 plate constructs and 2 fixator constructs.
CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the external fixator system allows early but gentle postoperative mobilisation. More aggressive rehabilitation measures should be postponed after the healing of the fracture.
Cation-ordering in low-temperature niobium-rich NbWO bronzes: New anodes for high rate Li-ion batteries
Authors: Grey Clare , Nagendran Supreeth , Mahadevegowda Amoghavarsha , Vema Sundeep , Danaie Mohsen , Song Weixin , Wen Bo , Ducati Caterina 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Niobium tungsten oxide phases, as anodes for lithium-ion batteries, have gained considerable attention due to their high volumetric charge storage densities at high rates. Here we report the microwave-assisted solution-based synthesis and characterization of two new niobium tungsten bronze structures, NbWO5.5 and β−Nb2WO8, which adopt a simple tetragonal tungsten bronze (TTB) structure and a TTB with √2×√2 superstructure, respectively. These novel TTB structures were synthesized at temperatures below 900°C for Nb:W ratios of 1–3, the latter composition (Nb3WO10.5) resulting in a √2×√2 TTB closely related to β−Nb2WO8. Nb:W ≥ 4 compositions result in two-phase behaviour forming Nb2O5 and Nb3WO10.5, while W-rich bronzes (Nb/W < 1) exhibiting local domains of WO3 within the NbWO5.5 lattice. Through comprehensive analysis using X-ray and neutron diffraction and scanning transmission electron microscopy - energy dispersive spectroscopy (STEM-EDS) we observed cation ordering in the Nb-rich bronzes at both short and long length scales. The microwave synthesis method results in NbWO microspheres with a unique, microporous structure, where primary particles are interconnected by amorphous NbWO bridges. Notably, these NbWO bronzes, with the highest Nb content and thus specific energy density of all known NbWO bronzes, exhibited high-rate capabilities and long cycle lives, positioning them as promising candidates for energy storage applications. Our findings underscore the potential of the microwave-assisted solution method for synthesizing complex oxide materials, with significant implications for the development of advanced functional materials across diverse applications.
Effects of stacking LSTM with different patterns and input schemes on streamflow and water quality simulation
Authors: Hu Yucong , Jiang Yan , Yao Huiting , Chen Yiping , Wu Xuefeng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Streamflow and water quality parameters (WQs) are commonly forecasted by mechanism models and statistics models. However, these models are challenged due to computational complexity, redundant parameters, etc. Therefore, a stacking Long short-term memory networks (LSTM) model with two patterns and different input schemes was applied to simulate streamflow and eight WQs in this study. The results showed that sliding windows was detected as the more stable pattern for both forecasts. The accuracy of predicting streamflow using only meteorological inputs was limited especially with low-volume flow. Whereas, the prediction of WQs with three input variables (i.e., meteorological factors, streamflow, other influential WQs) was reliable reaching an average relative error (RE) below 17%. When adding historical data into the input dataset, both accuracies could be increased close to benchmarks of the Delft 3D model. Our study documents that the LSTM model is an effective method for streamflow and water quality forecasts.
Mathematical Model of the Human Inflammatory Response to Acute and Prolonged Lipopolysaccharide Exposure
Authors: Relouw Freek , Kox Matthijs , Taal Hendrik , Koch Birgit , Prins Menno , Riel Natal van 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

One in five deaths worldwide is associated with sepsis. Sepsis is defined as organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. An increased understanding of the pathophysiology of sepsis could provide improved approaches for early detection and treatment. Here we describe the development and validation of a mechanistic mathematical model of the inflammatory response, making use of a combination of in vitro and human in vivo data obtained from experiments where bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce an inflammatory response. The new model can simulate the responses to both acute and prolonged inflammatory stimuli in an experimental setting, as well as the response to infection in the clinical setting. This model serves as a foundation for a sepsis simulation model with a potentially wide range of applications in different disciplines involved with sepsis research.
Community-based fisheries management exert a vast value-added effective protection footprint in Amazonian forests
Authors: Rodrigues Ana Carla , Costa Hugo , Peres Carlos , Brondízio Eduardo , Dias Adevaldo , Dias José , Constantino Pedro , Ladle Richard , Malhado Ana , Campos-Silva Joao 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Community-based conservation has gained traction in the Brazilian Amazon due to its potential in combining territorial protection, local well-being, and biodiversity conservation. Here, we conducted an innovative assessment of the effective protection footprint of the largest community-based fisheries conservation arrangement in the Amazon. Local communities effectively protected between 1 and 13 lakes, which were on average 47.4 ha in size. However, the effective protection area was approximately 8-fold larger than the extent of direct protection, defined as the immediate focal area sustaining financial returns through co-management. The additional protection of a ‘functional area’ was on average 11,188 ha, or 36-fold larger than the directly protected area. Although the average cost of effective protection was low (US$0.95 ha‒1 yr‒1), this was entirely incurred by low-income local communities Our study underscores the remarkable effort leveraged by Amazonian rural communities in protecting natural ecosystems and the imperative need to develop compensation mechanisms to financially reward them, which are currently lacking.
Improving the operational performance of a wastewater treatment plant using GPS-X simulation program: A case study in northern Taiwan
Authors: Chen Kuen-Lin , Hou Ching-Wen , Liu Chen-Wuing , Wang Han-Yi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Effectively optimizing the design process of a wastewater treatment plant to achieve higher pollutant removal rates is extremely time-consuming, and digital model simulations are an effective way to optimize the operational performance of an existing wastewater treatment plant. This study takes the oxidation channel treatment process at Guishan wastewater treatment plant as an example and uses GPS-X wastewater treatment system simulation software to simulate improvement scenarios. Five scenarios were simulated, including scenario A: increased flow rate, scenario B: increased aeration in oxidation ditches, scenario C: returned flow from the secondary settling tanks to the anoxic sections of oxidation ditches, scenario D: a combination of scenarios A + B, and scenario E: a combination of scenarios A + B + C. The simulation results revealed that among the five scenarios, scenario E exhibited the most significant improvement in ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen removal rates. Under scenario E, the ammonia nitrogen removal rate increased from 36.4–95.0%, and the total nitrogen removal rate increased from 50.5–86.3%.
G protein beta4 as a structural determinant of enhanced
nucleotide exchange in the A2A adenosine receptor Gs complex
Authors: Yeager Mark , McIntire William , Purdy Michael , Leonhardt Susan , Kucharska Iga , Hanson Michael , Poulos Sandra , Garrison James , Linden Joel 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Adenosine A2A receptors (A2AAR) evoke pleiotropic intracellular signaling events via activation of the stimulatory heterotrimeric G protein, Gs. Here, we used cryoEM to solve the agonist-bound structure of A2AAR in a complex with full-length Gs alpha and Gbeta4gamma2. The orthosteric binding site of A2AAR-Gs alpha:beta4gamma2 was similar to other structures of agonist-bound A2AAR, with or without Gs. Unexpectedly, the solvent accessible surface area within the interior of the complex was substantially larger for the complex with Gbeta4 versus the closest analog, A2AAR-miniGs alpha:beta1gamma2. Consequently, there are fewer interactions between the switch II in Gs alpha and the Gbeta4 torus. In reconstitution experiments Gbeta4gamma2 displayed a ten-fold higher efficiency over Gbeta1gamma2 in catalyzing A2AAR dependent GTPgammaS binding to Gs alpha. We propose that the less constrained switch II in A2AAR-Gs alpha:beta4gamma2 accounts for this increased efficiency. These results suggest that Gbeta4 functions as a positive allosteric enhancer versus Gbeta1.
Evaluation of retinal vascular density using OCTA in adolescents with myopia without maculopathy
Authors: Xiao Wenchao , Wei Ran , Zhao Wenting , Zhong Jingxiang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background Myopia is a prevalent refractive disorder of the eye and is becoming a leading cause of visual impairment worldwide. The incidence of myopia has been increasing steadily over the past few decades, particularly in East Asia, and is projected to grow even more rapidly in the next 50 years. With advancements in technology, optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) has the potential to serve as a rapid, non-invasive imaging modality for assessing microvascular changes at the capillary level. Previous studies using OCTA have shown that retinal perfusion is reduced and the area of insufficient blood flow in the choriocapillaris is increased in myopia. However, these studies had limitations, such as a wide age range (25–83 years) and a small sample size (< 50 eyes).Methods OCTA was performed on a sample of 108 teenagers aged 9 to 12. The participants were divided into three groups: LM (spherical equivalence (SE) ≥ − 3D and ≤ -1D), MM (SE ≥ − 5.75D and ≤ -3.25D), and NM (SE ≤ -6.00D). Vascular densities in the macula, including the overall macula, fovea, parafovea, superior hemi, and inferior hemi, were measured in the superficial, deep, and choriocapillaris layers of the retina.Results The study found no significant differences in terms of gender, age, K1, and K2. However, significant differences in the axis length of the eyes (p < 0.001) were observed. The vessel length density analysis revealed no significant differences in the central, inner, and outer layers (p > 0.05). Similarly, the vessel density analysis showed no significant differences in the central, inner, and outer layers (p > 0.05).Conclusion The results indicate that there were no significant differences in macular vascular density among the three groups. This suggests that spherical equivalence does not impact the vascular density of the macula in healthy myopia.
A New Multi-attribute Group Decision-making Method based on Einstein Bonferroni Operators under Interval-valued Fermatean Hesitant Fuzzy Environment
Authors: Lei Siyue , Ma Xiuqin , Qin Hongwu , Wang Yibo , Zain Jasni Mohamad 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Interval-valued Fermatean hesitant fuzzy set (IVFHFS) was presented as a novel mathematical model that handled uncertain data more effectively in 2022. In this study, firstly, we introduce the interval-valued Fermatean hesitant fuzzy Einstein Bonferroni mean (IVFHFEBM) operator and the interval-valued Fermatean hesitant fuzzy Einstein weighted Bonferroni mean (IVFHFEWBM) operator under Einstein t-norms. Our suggested aggregation operators consider the relationship between attributes and are far more flexible in comparison to the current approaches. Then, a novel multi-attribute group decision-making method on the basis of Einstein Bonferroni operators under IVFHFS environment is given. Finally, the practicality and validity of the proposed method are demonstrated by a cardiovascular disease diagnosis application.
Genetic and phenotypic differentiation in functional traits of Iris pseudacorus L. in native and introduced Mediterranean climate ranges
Authors: Gallego-Tévar Blanca , Grewell Brenda J. , Gaskin John F. , Castillo Jesús M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Intraspecific variation in functional traits between native and alien plant species may underlie resilience and invasiveness of aliens. We explored if observed phenotypic variation of Iris pseudacorus L. between populations in the native vs. introduced ranges results from genetic differentiation and/or phenotypic plasticity. Seeds were collected from populations along estuarine stress gradients within populations in both Guadalquivir Estuary (Andalusia, Spain) and San Francisco Bay-Delta Estuary (California, USA). Genetic analysis was performed on leaf tissue from plants in each seed donor population. Germinants (n = 48: 6 plants X 4 populations X 2 ranges) were grown for 12 months in a common garden experiment (CGE). We then evaluated 25 traits including growth, biomass allocation, morphological and biochemical responses. Geographic range explained relative intraspecific trait variation segregating native from alien phenotypes. Native plants had lower specific leaf area (-23%) and carbohydrate concentrations in rhizomes (-63%) than introduced plants, providing evidence of genetic differentiation. Higher genetic diversity and 27% higher phenotypic variation (CGE) of native vs. alien plants indicated longer-term adaptive processes in the native range. Genetic distance of alien populations (field) increased along with their phenotypic distance (CGE), suggesting rapid genetic differentiation. Phenotypic plasticity also explained some observed inter-range differences under field conditions not expressed by plants in the CGE. Management of the alien I. pseudacorus populations should be established urgently since they represent novel genotypes with key functional traits that can support invasiveness through increased competitive ability and physiological stress tolerances to sea level rise.
Transmission of malaria intensity in changing climate of Pakistan
Authors: Hussain Athar , Shoaib Muhammad , Saeed Fahad , Akhtar Ibrar ul Hassan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This research is carried out to determine the change in the spatio-temporal patterns in transmission of malaria intensity across Pakistan using a dynamical malaria model: VECtor borne disease community model of ICTP, TRIeste (VECTRI). The VECTRI malaria model takes into account the climatic parameters of temperature and precipitation. Thus, the impact of climate change on malaria transmission intensity is estimated over the data sparse region of Pakistan at administrative level of districts across provinces. The temperature and precipitation were derived from an ensemble of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 climate models that simulated the climate of Pakistan comparatively better. The Entomological Inoculation Rate (EIR) is considered as a measure of the intensity of malaria transmission. Additionally, standardized anomaly of projected malaria cases in Pakistan is computed and compared with the observed cases count for the recent decade of 2010–2019. It is noted that during the months of August-October, Pakistan has the largest EIR, whereas the lowest EIR occur during the months of December-March. As a consequence of changing climate, the severity and duration of malaria transmission season in the northern regions of Pakistan are projected to increase in the coming decades, as quantified in terms of EIR.
Flexural Investigation of RC Beams with Impeded Steel Truss Using Steel Angles
Authors: hassan mostafa Ahmed , Lofty Eslam A. , Hassan Khaled Mostafa , Kamal Ismail M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper emphasizes on testing the flexural capacity of Hybrid Steel Truss Reinforced Concrete Beam (HSTRCB), where a prefabricated steel truss is embedded into concrete beam instead of conventional rebars, forming a composite section. Five doubly reinforced concrete beams were designed, casted, experimentally tested and analyzed to investigate the flexural behavior of HSTRCB, in comparison to ordinary reinforced concrete beams. All beams were designed according to ACI 318, having same flexural capacity. First beam is ordinary reinforced concrete beam while the other four HSTRCB were designed having identical steel angles, as compression and tension reinforcement, with different shear reinforcement alignment, and spacing. The results showed that HSTRCB improves cracking moment, stiffness, energy absorption and effective cracked moment of inertia during the entire loading stages.
The Global Evolution of Inflammatory Bowel Disease across Four Epidemiologic Stages
Authors: Kaplan Gilaad , Hracs Lindsay , Windsor Joseph , Gorospe Julia , Cummings Michael , Coward Stephanie , Buie Michael , Quan Joshua , Goddard Quinn , Caplan Léa , Markovinović Ante , Williamson Tyler , Abbey Yvonne , Abdullah Murdani , Abreu Maria , Ahuja Vineet , Ali Raja Affendi Raja , Altuwaijri Mansour , Balderramo Domingo , Banerjee Rupa , Benchimol Eric , Bernstein Charles , Brunet-Mas Eduard , Burisch Johan , Chong Vui Heng , Dotan Iris , Dutta Usha , Ouali Sara El , Forbes Angela , Forss Anders , Gearry Richard , Dao Viet Hang , Hartono Juanda , Hilmi Ida , Hodges Phoebe , Jones Gareth-Rhys , Juliao-Baños Fabián , Kaibullayeva Jamilya , Kelly Paul , Kobayashi Taku , Kotze Paulo , Lakatos Peter , Lees Charlie , Limsrivilai Julajak , Lo Bobby , Loftus Edward , Ludvigsson Jonas , Mak Joyce , Miao Yinglei , Ng Ka Kei , Okabayashi Shinji , Olén Ola , Panaccione Remo , Paudel Mukesh , Quaresma Abel , Rubin David , Simadibrata Marcellus , Sun Yang , Suzuki Hidekazu , Toro Martin , Turner Dan , Vergara Beatriz , Wei Shu Chen , Yamamoto-Furusho Jesus , Yang Suk-Kyun , Ng Siew 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
During the 20th century, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) was considered a disease of early-industrialized regions in North America, Europe, and Oceania. At the turn of the 21st century, incidence of IBD increased in newly-industrialized and emerging regions in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, while prevalence in early-industrialized regions started to grow steadily. Changes in incidence and prevalence denote evolution of IBD across four epidemiologic stages: Stage 1 (Emergence), characterized by low incidence and prevalence; stage 2 (Acceleration in Incidence), characterized by rapidly rising incidence and low prevalence; and stage 3 (Compounding Prevalence), characterized by decelerating, plateauing, or declining incidence and steadily rising prevalence. A fourth stage (Prevalence Equilibrium) has been proposed where the slope of prevalence plateaus due to shifting demographics of an aging IBD population, but it has not yet been evidenced. To date, these stages have been theoretical without specific incidence/prevalence indicators defining transition points. Using real-world data from 490 population-based studies comprising 80 global regions and spanning over a century (1920–2023), we show spatiotemporal transitions across stages 1–3 and model transition towards stage 4. Understanding the evolution of IBD across epidemiologic stages allows healthcare systems to better prepare for the future worldwide burden of IBD.
Deep Learning revealed statistics of the MgO particles dissolution rate in a CaO–Al2O3–SiO2–MgO slag
Authors: Brunner Roland , Chamasemani Fereshteh Falah , Lenzhofer Florian 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Accelerated material development for refractory ceramics triggers enhanced possibilities in context to enhanced energy efficiency for industrial processes. Here, the gathering of comprehensive material data is essential. High temperature-confocal laser scanning microscopy (HT-CLSM) displays a highly suitable in-situ method to study the dissolution kinetics within the slag over time. However, a major challenge concerns the efficient and accurate processing of the large amount of collected image data. Here, the application of encoder-decoder convolutional network (U-Net) for the fully automated evaluation of the particle dissolution rate, overcoming manual evaluation drawbacks and providing accurate, fast and, sufficient statistical information is introduced. The developed U-Net allows an automated diameter evaluation of the MgO particles' dissolution in the silicate slag from 15 HT-CLSM experiments at three experimental temperatures 1450, 1500, and 1550°C. Moreover, the model can be applied to particle tracking and identification in various domains.