bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Autoimmune Disorders and Disease-modifying
Antirheumatic Drugs: (DMARDs) with the Risk of Alzheimer’s and/or
Dementia: A Population Study Using Medicare Beneficiary Data
Authors: Ding Qian , Lamberts Jennifer , Konieczny Alison M. , Bringedahl Tyler B. , Torres Garcia Kiara Y. 
Published: January 2024

Objectives:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and/or dementia is a prevalent neurocognitive disorder
primarily affecting individuals over the age of 65. Identifying specific causes of AD and/or
dementia can be challenging, with emerging evidence suggesting a potential association with autoimmune
inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study aimed to assess
the prevalence rate of AD and/or dementia among Medicare beneficiaries reporting an autoimmune
disorder. Additionally, this study sought to identify the comparative prevalence of AD
and/or dementia in patients with an autoimmune disorder who were using disease-modifying antirheumatic
drugs (DMARDs) compared to those not using DMARDs.

Methods:
Cross-sectional secondary data analyses were conducted on Medicare Current Beneficiary
Survey (MCBS) data from 2017 and 2018. The MCBS data consists of a nationally representative
sample of the Medicare population, a population that is largely 65 and older, and provides
de-identified patient information. Patients from this dataset with a self-reported autoimmune disorder
were included in the analyses. Descriptive analyses were conducted on demographic variables,
chronic conditions, and medication use. The prevalence of AD and/or dementia was compared between
patients with and without an autoimmune disorder. A backward stepwise selection regression
was used to identify the risk factors associated with the prevalence of AD and/or dementia.

Results:
The study included 18,929 Medicare beneficiaries, with 4,405 identified as having one autoimmune
disorder. The prevalence of AD and/or dementia was significantly higher in patients
with an autoimmune disorder. The multivariate regression showed that RA was significantly associated
with a higher risk of AD and/or dementia. Other demographic factors, including advanced
age, African-American or Hispanic ethnicity, low body mass index, and chronic conditions of ischemic
heart disease, history of myocardial infarction, history of stroke, depression, mental health
disorder(s), and traumatic brain injury also showed statistically significant associations with AD
and/or dementia. Patients using DMARDs demonstrated a reduced likelihood of having AD
and/or dementia, compared to patients not using DMARDs.

Conclusion:
This study provides evidence of an association between RA and increased risk of AD
and/or dementia. The findings suggest that DMARD use may have a protective effect against the
development of AD and/or dementia in patients with an autoimmune disorder.
Sedation with Ketamine-Propofol in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter
Aortic Valve Implantation: A Comparative Retrospective Study on
General Anesthesia
Authors: Yilmaz Nurdan , Gul Yasar Gokhan , Ugurlucan Murat 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is used for patients with
severe aortic stenosis who are at high risk for surgery. Since these patients are elderly and have
comorbidities, their management is of great importance.

Objectives:
This retrospective study compares two anesthesia techniques during TAVI: sedation (ketamine
and propofol) and general anesthesia.

Methods:
Patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing TAVI during 2021 in our hospital were
retrospectively screened. Demographic data, comorbidities, anesthesia management, complications,
and mortality of the patients were obtained from the records.

Results:
There were 137 patients treated with TAVI; 74 (54%) patients had sedation and 63 (46%)
had general anesthesia. When the anesthesia management was evaluated, no significant difference in
mortality was observed between the patients who received general anesthesia and sedation. After
univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate factors having
an impact on mortality, anemia (only in univariate analysis) in the whole study population was a statistically
significant risk factor for mortality in patients undergoing TAVI (p<0.014).

Conclusion:
There was no significant difference in mortality in terms of anesthesia management.
Anemia was a risk factor for mortality (only in univariate analysis) in the whole study population.
We concluded that conscious sedation with ketamine and propofol is effective and safe for TAVI
procedures compared to general anesthesia.
Facile Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of o-Iodoaromatic Ether
Authors: Mao Xiaoxia , Zhang Yuying , Wang Keyang , Zhao Guiqin , Zhou Dejun , Cui Zhengguo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
In this study, an efficient method for the synthesis of one type of aromatic ether was introduced,
and its antitumor activity was investigated. Specifically, (diacetoxyiodo)arene was prepared
from 2-methyliodobenzene and used to oxidize the 4-nitrophenol to give the aromatic ether. Our
study further found that aromatic ether has a strong apoptotic effect on U937 monocytes, suggesting
that it might be developed as a new drug for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.
Exploring the Promising Role of Guggulipid in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Management: An In-depth Analysis
Authors: Sahu Amit , Rathee Sunny , Jain Sanjay Kumar , Patil Umesh Kumar 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Guggulipid, an oleo-gum resin extracted from the bark of Commiphora
wightii of the Burseraceae family, holds a significant place in Ayurvedic medicine due to its historical
use in treating various disorders, including inflammation, gout, rheumatism, obesity, and lipid
metabolism imbalances.

Objective:
This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the molecular targets of guggulipids and
explore their cellular responses. Furthermore, it summarizes the findings from in-vitro, in-vivo,
and clinical investigations related to arthritis and various inflammatory conditions.

Methods:
A comprehensive survey encompassing in-vitro, in-vivo, and clinical studies has been
conducted to explore the therapeutic capacity of guggulipid in the management of rheumatoid
arthritis. Various molecular pathways, such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), vascular endothelial
growth factor (VEGF), PI3-kinase/AKT, JAK/STAT, nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and NFκB signaling
pathways, have been targeted to assess the antiarthritic and anti-inflammatory effects of
this compound.

Results:
The research findings reveal that guggulipid demonstrates notable antiarthritic and anti-inflammatory
effects by targeting key molecular pathways involved in inflammatory responses. These
pathways include COX-2, VEGF, PI3-kinase/AKT, JAK/STAT, iNOS, and NFκB signaling
pathways. in-vitro, in-vivo, and clinical studies collectively support the therapeutic potential of
guggulipid in managing rheumatoid arthritis and related inflammatory conditions.

Conclusion:
This review provides a deeper understanding of the therapeutic mechanisms and potential
of guggulipid in the management of rheumatoid arthritis. The collective evidence strongly
supports the promising role of guggulipid as a therapeutic agent, encouraging further research and
development in guggulipid-based treatments for these conditions.
Curcumin and Curcumin Derivatives for Therapeutic Applications:
In vitro and In vivo Studies
Authors: Gupta Babita , Sharma Pramod Kumar , Malviya Rishabha , Mishra Prem Shankar 
Published: January 2024

:
Curcumin is a naturally derived phytochemical compound obtained from the turmeric
plant Curcuma longaL. (Zingiberaceae family), which is a popular spice and food color and has
been actively researched for decades. It has been shown to have a variety of pharmacological properties
both in vitro and in vivo. Several investigations have shown that curcumin's metabolites contribute
to its pharmacological effectiveness. Curcumin has potent anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor
activity when used alone or in conjunction with conventional treatments. There are various
unique and diverse pharmacological effects of curcumin against various disease conditions like diabetes,
inflammation, cancer, malaria, and Alzheimer's. The in vitro and in vivo mechanisms by
which curcumin exerts its pharmacological effects are reviewed. Based on data from the clinical
and experimental evaluation of curcumin in animal models and human subjects, the review summarizes
the pharmacological effect of curcumin and its derivatives concerning anti-tumor property,
their mechanism of action, and their cellular target. The current research focuses on identifying
curcumin's function in the immune system's cascade and determining the ideal effective dose
(ED50). Through in-vitro and in-vivo experiments, the current study aims to comprehend and
establish the role of curcumin in the healing of disease conditions.
Quality of Life Questionnaire for Infertile Women with Female Factor: Development and Psychometric
Authors: Kiani Zahra , Simbar Masoumeh , Hajian Sepideh , Zayeri Farid 
Published: January 2024

Background:
The quality of life of infertile women is distinguished from that of men as
these women face different problems at individual, social, psychological, and family levels. However,
there is no tool for evaluating infertile women's quality of life.

Objective:
This study aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire to evaluate infertile women's
quality of life.

Methods:
This was exploratory sequential research. It was performed in two phases (qualitativequantitative)
on 320 infertile women who lived in Northern Iran. To confirm the validity of the
questionnaire, content, face, structural, and concurrent validities were used. The reliability of the
questionnaire was evaluated by assessing internal consistency and calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient,
as well as using stability assessment by test-retest and Intra-cluster correlation coefficient
(ICC) calculation.

Results:
Following psychometric assessment, a questionnaire was developed with 25 items in seven
factors, including psychological effects, sexual life with infertility, family and social effects, infertility-
related concerns, physical effects, adaptive approaches, and inhibitory factors/factors preventing
adaptation), which explained 51.86% of the variance. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient and ICC
of the questionnaire were 0.87 and 0.97, respectively.

Conclusion:
This questionnaire with 25 items is a valid and reliable questionnaire to assess the
quality of life of infertile women with the female factor that can be used to find needs for improving
the client's quality of life.
Investigation of Medical Image Technology Based on Big Data Neuroscience in
Exercise Rehabilitation
Authors: Zhang Shuhua , Sun Jijin 
Published: January 2024

Purpose::
The purpose of this article is to combine the functional information of CT images with the anatomical and soft tissue information of MRI through
image fusion technology, providing more detailed information for rehabilitation treatment and thus providing a scientific basis for clinical
applications and better training plans.

Methods::
In this paper, functional brain imaging technology combining CT (computed tomography) and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) was used for
image fusion, and SURF (accelerated robust feature) feature points of images were extracted. In this study, 40 patients with mild and moderate
closed traumatic brain injury admitted to the rehabilitation department of a rehabilitation center from 2018 to 2022 were selected as the research
objects.

Results::
Compared with using only CT images and MRI images for brain injury diagnosis, the fusion image had a higher detection rate of abnormal brain
injury diagnosis, with a detection rate of 97.5%. When using fused images for the diagnosis of abnormal brain injury, the patient’s exercise
rehabilitation effect was better.

Conclusion::
CT and MRI image fusion technology had a high diagnostic accuracy for brain injury, which could timely guide doctors in determining exercise
rehabilitation plans and help improve the effectiveness of patient exercise rehabilitation
Medical Imaging and Analysis of Thermal Necrosis During Bone Grinding:
Implementation of Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-III) in
Healthcare
Authors: Babbar Atul , Jain Vivek , Gupta Dheeraj , Kumar Vidyapati , Pathri Bhargav Prajwal , Sharma Ankit 
Published: January 2024

Background::
Medical imaging plays a key role in neurosurgery; thereby, imaging and analysis of the soft and hard tissues during bone grinding is of paramount
importance for neurosurgeons. Bone grinding, a minimally invasive operation in the field of neurosurgery amid osteotomy, has been used during
brain cancer surgery.

Aims and Objectives::
With increasing attention to neural tissue damage in machining operations, imaging of these neural tissues becomes vital and reducing temperature
is imperative.

Methods::
In the present study, a novel attempt has been made to perform the imaging of bone tissues during the bone grinding procedure and further
investigate the relationship between rotational speed, feed rate, depth of cut with cutting forces, and temperature. The role of cutting forces and
temperature has been addressed as per the requirements of neurosurgeons. Firstly, a three-factor, three-level design was constructed with a full
factorial design. Regression models were employed to construct the models between input parameters and response characteristics. Medical
imaging techniques were used to perform a thorough analysis of thermal necrosis and damage to the bone. Subsequently, the non-dominated
sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-III) was used to optimize the parameters for reduction in the cutting forces and temperature during bone grinding
while reducing neural tissue damage.

Results::
The results revealed that the maximum value of tangential force was 21.32 N, thrust force was 9.25 N, grinding force ratio was 0.453, torque was
4.55 N-mm, and temperature was 59.3°C. It has been observed that maximum temperature was generated at a rotational speed of 55000 rpm, feed
rate of 60 mm/min, and depth of cut of 1.0 mm. Histopathological imaging analysis revealed the presence of viable lacunas, empty lacunas,
haversian canals, and osteocytes in the bone samples. Furthermore, the elemental composition of the bone highlights the presence of carbon (c)
59.49%, oxygen (O) 35.82%, sodium (Na) 0.11%, phosphorous 1.50%, sulphur 0.33%, chlorine 0.98%, and calcium 1.77%.

Conclusion::
The study revealed that compared to the initial scenario, NSGA-III can produce better results without compromising the trial results. According to
a statistical study, the rise in temperature during bone grinding was significantly influenced by rotating speed. The density of osteocytes in the
lacunas was higher at lower temperatures. Furthermore, the results of surface electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy revealed the
presence of bone over the surface of the grinding burr, which resulted in the loading of the grinding burr. The results of the present investigation
will be beneficial for researchers and clinical practitioners worldwide.
Environment-friendly Simple, and Straight forward Approach Towards the C-4 functionalization of (2S)-5-oxoproline Methyl Ester
Authors: Panday Sharad Kumar , Kumar Munish 
Published: January 2024

Background:
4-Substituted- 5-oxo-prolinates (pyroglutamates) are important components
in various natural products, e.g. (-)-bulgecinine, (-)-anatoxin, salinosporamide, as well as
ACE inhibitors.

Aim:
These also act as important intermediates in the synthesis of many of the bioactive molecules.
Due to these reasons, the synthesis of 4-substituted-(2S)-5-oxo-prolinates has received
much attention over the globe in the last three decades. However, most of the synthetic strategies
available in the literature describe either the use of expensive lithium enolate-derived lowtemperature
chemistry or the rigorous reaction conditions, and therefore, a simple, environmentfriendly,
and cost-effective approach was truly demanding.

Methods:
In our ongoing research program, we required different 4-substituted pyroglutamates as
intermediates, and with that very basic objective, we were looking for an alternate strategy which
should be simple, requiring cheap reagents and consequently, in the process, it was thought to
attempt proline catalyzed aldol/alkylation reactions on pyroglutamates, and the idea provided excellent
outcome.

Results:
Herein we wish to report the L-proline catalyzed asymmetric functionalization at C-4 of
(2S)-5-oxoproline methyl ester, which furnished desired products at room temperature at the
same time, not requiring expensive reagents and, therefore, in turn, cost-effective.

Conclusion:
This new strategy explored for synthesizing 4-substituted pyroglutamates could be
useful for researchers across the globe working in the area and requiring substitution at C-4 of
pyroglutamates for synthesizing bioactive molecules/natural products.
Neuro-pharmacological Assessment of Coleus forskohlii for Anti-compulsive
Activity in Swiss Albino Mice
Authors: Majhi Sagarika , Singh Manvi , Chauhan Iti , Verma Madhu , Kumari Raj 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a common psychiatric illness
characterized by obsessions or compulsions that significantly disrupt or impair daily functioning.
Coleus forskohlii, a significant medicinal crop, has forskolin in its roots. It is utilized extensively
as food and medicine all over the world. Coleus forskohlii has reputed medicinal uses, which include
antidepressant, antiaggregant, cAMP-genic, anticancer, etc.

Objective:
This study used mice models of marble burying and nestlet shredding to assess the
potential efficacy of Coleus forskohlii against obsessive-compulsive disorder. 8-hydroxy-2-(di-npropylamino)
tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) induced compulsive checking can demonstrate OCD-like
repetitive and obsessive behavior as well as neurotransmitter imbalance (serotonin).

Methods:
Each group had six mice, and the therapy was administered to the animals for a total of
15 days. On days 1, 7, and 14, the marble burying test was assessed for 30 minutes, and on days
2, 8 and 15, the nestlet shredding test was assessed for 30 minutes. The T-maze paradigm was
used to assess anti-OCD activity. The brain histology and morphometry were also performed.

Results:
When compared to the control group, treatments with Coleus forskohlii (50 and 100
mg/kg, p.o.) significantly enhanced performance on both behavior tests. The SAB score is dramatically
increased following the administration of the 8-OH-DPAT (2 mg/kg, i.p.) group. Coleus
forskohlii (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) and fluoxetine (15 mg/kg, p.o.) groups showed significantly
lowered results. Animals treated with 8-OH-DPAT showed a considerable reduction in serotonin
levels. Following Coleus forskohlii administration, the histology of the brain tissues showed normal
morphological structure with no toxicity or abnormalities.

Conclusion:
The combination of all these findings points to Coleus forskohlii delivering a possible
therapeutic option for the treatment of OCD. The identification and anticompulsive properties
of the components from Coleus forskohlii should be the main aim of future studies.
Heavy Metals in Blood Serum of Smokers and Non-smoking Controls
Authors: Alkufi Abdulhussein Abdulameer , Oleiwi Mohanad Hussain , Abojassim Ali Abid 
Published: January 2024

Background::
The analysis of heavy metals in the blood serum can serve as a reliable indicator
for establishing the association between cigarette smoking and the presence of heavy metals.

Method::
In this study, performed in Al-Najaf during 2023, concentrations of three heavy metals -
cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and lead (Pb) – were investigated in two groups: cigarette smokers,
and non-smokers (the control group) by using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Participants
in this experiment were categorized into five age groups: 21-30, 31-40, 41-50, 51-60, and 61-
70.

Results::
The results showed that smokers displayed significantly higher blood serum concentrations
of all heavy metals (Cd, Cr, and Pb) compared to non-smokers Furthermore, it is found that the mean
concentrations of Cd, Cr, and Pb for smokers were 0.873±0.619 ppm, 1.957±0.883 ppm, and
0.043±0.021 ppm, respectively. For non-smokers, they were 0.197±0.165 ppm, 0.159±0.105 ppm,
and 0.031±0.016 ppm, respectively. These differences were statistically significant. Overall, the
mean heavy metal levels displayed a descending order in the present study, i.e. Cd > Cr > Pb."

Conclusion::
The concentrations of Cd and Cr in all samples of the present study were higher than
the biological limit according to ACGIH. Therefore, Cd and Cr were the most critical metals accumulated
in the blood of cigarette smokers. Additionally, the findings have indicated that the analysis
of blood serum samples can serve as a reliable indicator for establishing the association between
cigarette smoking and the presence of heavy metals.
A Facile Synthesis of Bimetallic Copper-Silver Nanocomposite and Their Application in Ascorbic Acid Detection
Authors: Murugan Ridhu Varshini , Sridharan Gokul , Atchudan Raji , Arya Sandeep , Nallaswamy Deepak , Sundramoorthy Ashok K. 
Published: January 2024

Background:
An important antioxidant, ascorbic acid, must be detected in several
industrial samples collected from food, pharmaceuticals, and water treatment plants. Herein, we
reported a method to produce a bimetallic copper-silver (Cu-Ag) nanocomposite and used it in
the development of very sensitive and selective electrochemical sensor for the detection of
ascorbic acid.

Methods:
A simple chemistry concept was used during the synthesis process to reduce the cost
while minimizing the use of dangerous chemicals and minimizing the environmental impact.
The Strobilanthes kunthiana leaves extract effectively reduced the copper and silver ions, resulting
in the creation of an extremely stable and evenly distributed Cu-Ag nanocomposite.

Results:
As-prepared bimetallic Cu-Ag nanocomposite exhibited outstanding electrochemical
activity against ascorbic acid oxidation. The nanocomposite was examined using field emission
scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), elemental
mapping (EMap) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) to ascertain its composition, structure,
and stability. Using cyclic voltammetry (CV), the electrochemical performance of the nanocomposite
and also the detection of ascorbic acid were carried out. The bimetallic Cu-Ag nanocomposite
also exhibited better long-term stability and fouling resistance, making it appropriate for
use in real-world applications and complex sample matrices.

Conclusion:
The bimetallic Cu-Ag nanocomposite coated electrode was used to detect the concentration
of ascorbic acid by amperometry. As a result, this study offered a simple chemical
method for creating a bimetallic copper-silver nanocomposite with superior electrochemical
qualities for the accurate detection of ascorbic acid.
Comparison of Clinical Trial Results of the Recently Approved
Immunotherapeutic Drugs for Advanced Biliary Tract Cancers
Authors: Das Samayita 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
The recently approved immunotherapeutic drugs are Keytruda (pembrolizumab) and
Imfinzi (durvalumab) for advanced biliary tract cancers that inhibit PD-1 receptor and PD-L1
ligand, respectively. In this perspective, the results of the two clinical trials, i.e., TOPAZ-1
(NCT03875235) and KEYNOTE-966 (NCT04003636), are critically appraised, compared, and
discussed to assess the benefits of these two drugs in the context of the treatment of advanced
biliary tract cancers with a focus on PD-L1 status and MIS (microsatellite instability) status and
therapy responsiveness in the subgroups. Analyzing the PD-L2 status in biliary tract cancer
patients can aid in assessing the prognostic value of PD-L2 expression in determining the clinical
response and this may aid in appropriate patient stratification.