bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constitutional principles of the activity of the Judicial Protection Service of Ukraine
Authors: Chumak V. 
Published: November 2023

The article defines the constitutional principles of the activity of the Judicial Protection Service of Ukraine.
It is noted that the constitutional principles of the activity of the Judicial Protection Service of Ukraine, it should be noted that they include: the principle of affirming and ensuring the rights and freedoms of a citizen; the principle of equality before the law of citizens; the principle of respect for the dignity of a citizen; the principle of social justice; the principle of tolerance.
It is emphasized that the principle of the rule of law is the primary among the constitutional principles of the activity of the Judicial Protection Service of Ukraine, because in their activities the employees of the Judicial Protection Service of Ukraine must act, first of all, guided by the principle of the rule of law, observing the priority of human rights over any other values.
It is emphasized that the principle of equality before the law ensures the same conditions for every member of society and imposes on the employees of the Judicial Protection Service of Ukraine the duty not to grant any privileges or restrictions. An employee of the Judicial Protection Service of Ukraine should in no case accept one of the parties during the occurrence of situations related to the violation of the law.
It is noted that the recognition, observance and protection of human and citizen rights and freedoms is the duty of the Judicial Protection Service of Ukraine. As measures of administrative coercion are applied in the administrative activities of the Judicial Protection Service of Ukraine, they directly affect the rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen to one degree or another. That is why this principle is quite important. The principle of respect for the dignity of citizens in the administrative activities of the Judicial Protection Service of Ukraine means the observance of rights and freedoms not only for lawful citizens, but also for those who violate the law.
Foreign experience in managing the system of providing free legal aid
Authors: Shovkun А.А. 
Published: November 2023

The scientific article describes the positive for­eign experience in managing the free legal aid system in such countries as the Republic of Po­land, the Republic of Lithuania, the Republic of Estonia, and the Republic of Bulgaria for further application and implementation of its elements in reforming the system of free legal aid manage­ment in Ukraine.
Furthermore, this article analyzes the regulato­ry and legal framework for managing the provision of free legal aid in the abovementioned countries, including the Free Legal Aid and Education Act in the Republic of Poland, the Law on State Guaran­teed Legal Assistance in the Republic of Lithuania, State Legal Aid Act in the Republic of Estonia, and the Legal Assistance Act in the Republic of Bulgar­ia. The article highlights the features of providing free legal assistance in abovementioned countries. Besides, we have listed the main tasks of the sub­jects of management of the free legal aid system, the features of their powers, the purpose of their activities, the features of the internal structure of work, as well as the interaction of management bodies with each other. The article characterizes the main differences in the legislative regulation of the management of the sphere of providing free legal aid in the abovementioned countries. At the same time, the article emphasizes that in most of the countries studied there is a special governing body for the provision of free legal aid, but in the Republic of Estonia, such a body is not created. In Ukraine, such a body is the Coordination Centre for Legal Aid Provision, which is an independent subject of management. Moreover, given the exis­tence of legislative regulation on the issue of filing a request for state legal assistance in international affairs in the State Legal Aid Act (the Republic of Estonia), the article proposes to further provide such an opportunity for persons in need of such assistance in Ukraine.
In addition, the article emphasizes the need to develop a legislative framework for the establish­ment of the Unified Register of Free Legal Aid Pro­vision in Ukraine with its assignment to the man­agement of the Coordination Center for granting the right of assistance. The creation of the Unified Register of Free Legal Aid Provision will signifi­cantly facilitate the maintenance of documenta­tion, reporting, and analytics by the entities au­thorized to grant the right, and also reduce the time for clarifying organizational issues that arise when making a decision on the provision of free legal assistance.
Uncertainty of the conceptual and categorical apparatus in the field of integrity of judges
Authors: Matviiv R. 
Published: November 2023

This scientific article presents a study of the problem of indeterminacy of the conceptual and categorical apparatus in the field of the judge's integrity in the modern legal system.
It is noted that in the modern legal understanding, the integrity of judges is a fundamental ethical and normative aspect that determines the high standard of professional behavior of judges in the context of the exercise of judicial power. This principle includes not only the dispassion (impartiality) and objectivity of the judge in the decisions made, but also his ability for self-reflection, ethical awareness and independence from the influence of external factors.
The conceptual-categorical apparatus is the main component of the legal technique, which contributes to the precise and clear expression of legal norms and ensures their effective implementation in society. In the praxeological aspect, questions of integrity of judges arose in many cases when competent authorities did not confirm the appropriate level of integrity of a judge or a candidate for this position. This is due to the essential problems of the imperfection of the legislation, since the concept of «honesty» in the legislation is not clear. The legal system and the legislation system must possess and operate in clear and unambiguous terms to avoid misunderstandings and ambiguous interpretations or recommendations regarding the interpretation of norms.
The main signs (characteristics) of the integrity of judges include, in our opinion, the following: impartiality and objectivity, the independence of a judge, which is a fundamental principle of judicial activity, which ensures his dedication to the use of the law and the result of the influence of external factors that can reveal objective consideration affairs; honesty and integrity; high level of knowledge and competence; appropriate level of professional ethics; the opportunity to bear public, legal and moral responsibility.
Punishment for the crime provided for in Art. 134 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine: an overview of some problematic issues
Authors: Dyomina O.P. 
Published: November 2023

The research paper provides a critical review of the lawmaker's model of criminal penalties for illegal abortion or sterilization (Article 134 of the Criminal Code). In particular, it is argued that the concept of criminal liability is complex and in its content includes both punishment and other measures of criminal law influence.
It was also critically compared the models of sanctions implemented by the legislator in the current and previous editions of Art. 134 of the Criminal Code. It was established that, in general, the types and amounts of sanctions for the basic and qualified composition of illegal abortion remained unchanged. The difference was found only in the fact that earlier there was no provision for imprisonment for performing an abortion by a person without special medical education (part 1 of Article 134 of the Criminal Code) - instead, imprisonment for a term of up to two years is now legally established.
During the implementation of the author's analysis of sanctions in the composition of Art. 134 of the Criminal Code, the classification developed by criminal law science was used, which allows to identify and systematize the main types of errors during the construction of sanctions of criminal law norms.
Taking into account critical comments on the legislator's refusal to impose a penalty of deprivation of liberty in the sanction of Part 4 of Art. 134 of the Criminal Code is proposed, from the de lege ferenda positions, in the text of the sanction of the fourth part of Art. 134 of the Criminal Code after the words "up to five years” include the following wording: "or imprisonment for a term of up to three years”.
Finally, the research led to propose an optimized model of sanctions in the first four parts of Art. 134 of the Criminal Code by officially referring to the minimum amount of the main types of punishments as follows: 1) in Part 2, restriction of liberty for a term of up to three years or deprivation of liberty for up to two years; 2) in Part 3, restriction of liberty for a period of three to five years or deprivation of liberty for two to five years; 3) in Part 4, restriction of liberty for a term of up to three years or deprivation of liberty for up to two years; 4) in Part 5, restriction of liberty for a period of two to five years or deprivation of liberty for two to five years.
Fraud prevention subjects in the sphere of electronic commerce
Authors: Kharitonov S.O. 
Published: November 2023

The article analyzes the main approaches to understanding the concept of «crime prevention subjects», defines the system of fraud prevention subjects in the field of electronic commerce in Ukraine, examines the normative basis of the functioning of the Cyber Police Department of the National Police of Ukraine with the aim of highlighting the main provisions that characterize the relevant body as fraud prevention entity in the field of electronic commerce. It is noted that the scientific field of modern fraud research needs constant empirical updating and theoretical understanding in the field of criminology and victimology, in particular, in the part of fraud research in the field of electronic commerce and trade.
The basis of scientific criminological analysis was a complex combination of philosophical (in particular, dialectical), general scientific (synthesis, analysis, induction, deduction and generalization) and special scientific methods.
The article defines the range of fraud prevention subjects in the field of electronic commerce. The theoretical principles and legislative framework regarding the tasks and responsibilities of authorities and law enforcement agencies in the field of prevention of such a criminal offense have been studied. It was established that due to the lack of special bodies for the prevention of fraud in the field of electronic trade, the lack of established, coordinated, purposeful interaction between existing entities, the system of entities for the prevention of fraud in the field of electronic trade is not perfect.
It was concluded that fraud prevention subjects in the field of electronic commerce are multidisciplinary. Ways to improve the legislation of Ukraine in the specified area are proposed, the development of which will allow the development of conceptual state policy measures to combat fraud; and create an action program for law enforcement agencies.
Digital Innovation in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises: A comparative analysis between Albania and EU countries
Authors: Xhindi Teuta , Kripa Ermela , Bisceglia Mauro Gianfranco 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Innovation has always been one of the drivers of competition and for the long-term success of companies. The implementation of new digital technologies stimulates the development and acquisition of new skills, competences and knowledge, which are relevant factors in companies’ innovation activities, especially in SME’s.
Albania stays between the first 10 European Countries where its citizens take 95% of public services online. Also, Albania is the first country not only in the region but also in Europe to have a dedicated law for the development of start-ups. The study purpose is to present a comparative analysis for the level of digital innovation for EU Countries and Albania.
The research question is: Are there differences between Albania and European Countries regarding the Key indicators of Digital Economy and Society Index?
We have conducted a review of the literature and a secondary data analysis. This study has a descriptive nature, and its main contribution is to present the comparative results between EU Countries and Albania regarding digital innovation. The results show that there are differences between Albania and European Countries regarding these indicators.
Computerized Device for Monitoring ECG and PPG Signals - Design and Redesign Based on Value Engineering Method
Authors: Vîlcu Adrian , Luncă Eduard , Vornicu Silviu , Herghiligiu Ionuţ-Viorel , Toporăscu Claudia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the current medical, social, and technological context, where cardiovascular diseases have a high incidence in mortality statistics, dynamic social life, and rapid technological advancements, computerized systems for monitoring personal health parameters, independent of the medical system, are in great demand. The current research aims to design a prototype of a computerized system for monitoring cardiac activity (ECG and PPG) and improve it through functional optimization using an incremental innovation method based on value engineering applied to the product. This paper presents the stages of physical prototyping, device design based on its primary functions, functional optimization through balancing the cost-effectiveness ratio for each function, selecting device redesign solutions, and implementing them in the final product. The novelty of this research lies in the physical realization of a cardiac activity monitoring prototype and the application of an incremental innovation methodology and device redesign. The research falls within the technical field -through the development of the ECG-PPG prototype - and the economic field -through the application of functional analysis to improve this device.
Rethinking of the Vernacular Adobe Architecture Rehabilitation
Authors: Nemcsics Ákos , Ürmös Antal , Gröller György 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In recent work, heat-technical modeling, life cycle assessment, and rehabilitation of the vernacular adobe wall house is discussed. Our topic choice is based on the fact that a significant part of the Hungarian rural housing stock consist of adobe-walled buildings. The adobe wall construction is especially perfect for the seasonal climatic equalizing, which property has increasing ecological importance due to the effect of growing global warming up. Largely, these adobe-walled houses are part of our cultural heritage, therefore they are worth to preserving. Finally, their constructional conservation, energetical rehabilitation and also maintenance problems are briefly described..
Artificial Intelligence and Architecture Towards a New Paradigm
Authors: Lukovich Tamas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The widespread application of artificial intelligence is not the realm of utopias or science fiction any more. It is gradually entering practically all walks of life from science and technology to fine arts. It is most likely that architecture will neither escape this penetration in the near future. Moreover, besides some disturbing consequences, it will also reveal fundamentally new opportunities for the discipline/profession. It is up to us to decide what attitude we adopt towards it, but it is clear that this development should have profound consequences in the education of future architects, too. The paper focuses on the creative core (i.e. design) of architecture. The aims are to assess the changes and to raise awareness to these possible changes.
Proposals on open design competition to revitalize collage building in Javor street
Authors: Mizsei Anett 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
University of Obuda Ybl Miklós Faculty of Architecture and Civil Engineering launched an architectural competition to seek for forward-looking solutions for rehabilitation and revitalization of an unused and eroding building. The estate in question is located near the Faculty campus, under 9. Javor Street, 1145, Budapest. When the possibility of a renovation arose, leaders of the Faculty decided to involve the community of the students in order to represent their points of view. The open, secret competition had been launched on 8th September, and by the deadline 30th November fifteen proposals were submitted. Two of the most promising designs were awarded 1st prizes, one got a 2nd prize and two further submissions earned 3rd prize..
Investigation of Noise Immunity Telecommunication Systems According to the Criterion Energy Efficiency
Authors: Ibrahimov Bayram 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Methods for improving the characteristics of the reliability message transmission in multiservice telecommunication networks in the provision of multimedia services are analyzed. The noise immunity reception, effective methods modulation, paths transmission systems, indicators of information, frequency and energy efficiency of the system, methods of processing and receiving messages are considered. The problems of optimizing signal-code constructions according to the criterion of energy efficiency of a telecommunications system are studied. A new approach to the construction of methods for calculating the indicators of noise immunity of receiving messages is proposed, taking into account signal-code structures. The developed calculation method takes into account effective types of modulation, demodulator synthesis algorithms, signal processing methods, bandwidth, signal-to-noise ratio and energy efficiency indicators. On the basis of the calculation method, important analytical expressions were obtained that evaluate the characteristics of the noise immunity reception, taking into account the indicators energy efficiency, throughput per sample, the conditions for the indicators of the signal-to-noise ratio and the probability erroneous reception discrete signals.
Optimization of Broadband Microstrip Antenna Device for 5G Wireless Communication Systems
Authors: Islamov Islam 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The paper proposes a new method for finding the optimal design of complementary split ring resonator cells for a microstrip antenna, which makes it possible to purposefully optimize the parameters of resonator cells, which significantly improve the electrical characteristics of the antenna. This antenna is designed for cellular communication 5G. The proposed method combines a regression model using a deep network based on fully connected neural layers with a search based on the conditional optimization algorithm COBYLA to find the optimal design parameters of resonator cells. This approach fully automates the process of creating microstrip antennas with resonator cells based on metamaterials and makes it possible to find the parameters of complementary split ring resonator cells that provide the optimal operating mode as a whole and gives the maximum level of antenna radiation while maintaining the bandwidth. The small size of complementary split ring resonator cells opens up the possibility of using this peculiar configuration to create compact and efficient microstrip antennas.
Graph-Based Approach for Personalized Travel Recommendations
Authors: Turno Francesco Maria , Jackiva Irina Yatskiv 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the evolving domain of urban mobility systems, the integration of technology with user-centric strategies is pivotal. This research stands on the foundational concept of Mobility-as-a-Service, a user-centric intelligent mobility management distribution system that seeks to prioritize human needs over mere technological infrastructure. The study delves deep into the wealth of data available through mobile sensing technologies, highlighting the unprecedented understanding it offers into human mobility patterns, thus facilitating personalized route recommendations.
The literature categorizes the study area into three interlinked categories: point-of-interest (POI) recommendation, travel planning, and trajectory modelling. In a significant stride, this research introduces a comprehensive understanding of hu-man mobility data and proposes a novel framework designed to tender personalized recommendations to travel planner users. The innovative framework employs a graph-based approach rooted in the Sussex-Huawei Locomotion dataset, leveraging an adaptation of Bellman-Ford’s algorithm. This modification considers factors such as perceived fatigue, frequency of trips to specific locations, and proximity to POIs, promising a path routed in past user experiences and preferences.
The impact of website design on consumer decision making – evidence from North Macedonia
Authors: Blagoeva Kalina Trenevska , Mijoska Marina , Pulevska-Ivanovska Lidija 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Today, almost one third of the world population are digital buyers. The hypothesis that more life moves online, the less damage to our environment is still unclear. E-commerce sites and the underlying supply chain can have both positive and negative impacts on the environment. Sustainable web design is an approach to designing websites that puts people and the planet first. It is a growing movement as organizations look for opportunities to reduce their influence on the environment. This research elaborates on determinants of consumer behavior that shape online purchase processes and affect the final consumer decision to buy. It discusses the importance of website design on consumer decision-making in e-commerce. Consumer decision-making and behavior during online shopping in the literature are measured by numerous models. One of the primary motivators for any online store to attract customers is the quality of website design. Website quality refers to the overall excellence, effectiveness, and usability of a website. It influences consumers’ perceptions of product quality and affects online purchase intentions (Sun, Chen, and Huang, 2014) and even continuation intentions (Chawla et al., 2015). Website quality as well positively affects online impulse buying behaviour (Akram et.al. 2018). The design of a website interface plays an important role in online purchasing, and customers are more likely to visit and buy from better-designed websites (Chiu and Yang, 2016). This paper proposes that website design quality is a multi-dimensional construct. To support the importance of the construct, a review of different studies is conducted elaborating on the impact of website design on consumer attitude and behavioral intention in North Macedonia. This study has theoretical and practical implications on the existing knowledge and provides managerial insights for e-vendors implying that to promote online shopping, they need to improve the quality features of the website and enhance users’ trust.