bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of delayed hypersensitivity to the European standard series in a self‐selected population
Authors: Greig Jane E , Carson Christine F , Stuckey Martin S , Riley Thomas V 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYThere are limited reports of the prevalence of positive reactions in healthy adults to patch tests with standard allergens; there are no recent comprehensive studies from Australia. Healthy adult volunteers (n = 219) from the Western Australian community were patch tested using the European standard series of allergens. Seventy‐seven (35%) reacted to at least one allergen, positive patch tests being most prevalent to nickel sulfate (20%), potassium dichromate (9%), cobalt chloride (6%) and fragrance mix (4%). Prevalence of positive patch tests to nickel and chromate was higher than that reported for another healthy population, which may stem from self‐selection of volunteers or geographical differences, including extent of exposure to allergens.
Steatocystoma multiplex suppurativum: Oral isotretinoin treatment combined with cryotherapy
Authors: Apaydin Rebiay , Bilen Nilgün , Bayramgürler Dilek , Başdaş Füsun , Harova Gökhan , Dökmeci Şeniz 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYA 30‐year‐old man presented with numerous papules, nodules and inflamed cysts. The lesions were located all over the body, including the scalp, except the palms and soles. His mother and one sister had had similar but less extensive lesions. Histopathology of the biopsy specimens obtained from the anterior chest wall, axillae and the back region was consistent with steatocystoma multiplex (SM). A diagnosis of steatocystoma multiplex suppurativum was made. The inflamed lesions were treated with oral isotretinoin (1 mg/kg per daily) for 6 months. At the same time, cryotherapy was used for non‐suppurating lesions smaller than 2 cm. When the patient was evaluated 6 months later, cosmetic results were good. No new lesions have appeared in the subsequent 12‐month follow up.
Permanent alopecia following chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Tran D , Sinclair Rd , Schwarer Ap , Chow Cw 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYAlopecia can be a psychologically daunting prospect for people requiring cancer chemotherapy. Fortunately, most patients experience only temporary hair loss. We report the case of a 23‐year‐old woman with chronic myeloid leukaemia who developed permanent, near‐total alopecia of her scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes, axillary and pubic hair following busulphan and cyclophosphamide chemotherapy which was used as conditioning prior to allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. The histology from a scalp biopsy revealed hair follicle destruction. Topical minoxidil failed to induce significant re‐growth.
Human immunodeficiency virus‐related primary cutaneous aspergillosis
Authors: Stanford Duncan , Boyle Michael , Gillespie Roderick 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYA 31‐year‐old Caucasian man with AIDS developed a crusted violaceous plaque under adhesive tape near a central venous catheter insertion site. Histological examination demonstrated a ruptured hair follicle containing collections of fungal hyphae typical of Aspergillus spp. A culture of the biopsy material grew Aspergillus fumigatus. The patient responded to removal of the catheter and the occlusive dressing, in addition to itraconazole therapy. Aspergillosis must be considered in the differential diagnosis of cutaneous lesions in human immunodeficiency virus‐infected patients, in particular when the lesion occurs under adhesive tape or an occlusive dressing.
Folliculotropic T‐cell lymphocytosis (mucin‐poor follicular mucinosis)
Authors: Kossard Steven , Rubel Diana 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYA 48‐year‐old man presented with multiple asymptomatic patches of hair loss over his trunk and limbs associated with focal keratotic follicular plugs. Multiple skin biopsies showed a panfollicular lymphocytic infiltrate associated with follicular hyperkeratinization, minimal follicular spongiosis, focal basaloid follicular hyperplasia but no overt follicular mucinosis. The lymphocytes were small and there was no atypia. Immunoperoxidase stains showed that the follicular lymphocytes were T cells and predominantly CD4 positive with HLADr (LN3) expressed on their surface. There were insufficient clinical or histopathological features to make a diagnosis of folliculotropic T‐cell lymphoma. This case currently may be classified best as folliculotropic T‐cell lymphocytosis and may represent a mucin‐poor counterpart of follicular mucinosis. Such cases may pursue an indolent course or may evolve to folliculotropic T‐cell lymphoma, mycosis fungoides or anaplastic lymphoma. The term folliculotropic T‐cell lymphocytosis may be useful for similar cases lacking clinical or histological criteria for lymphoma and lacking follicular mucinosis.
Dermatitis following systemic prednisolone: Patch testing with prednisolone eye drops
Authors: Harris A , McFadden Jp 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYAlthough positive reactions to topical corticosteroids can occur in over 1% of a patch‐test population, systemic reactions to oral corticosteroids are uncommon. A 45‐year‐old woman who gave a clear history of the generalization of a cutaneous eruption following oral prednisolone was positive on patch testing using prednisolone eye drops.
Skin infections and infestations in Aboriginal communities in northern Australia
Authors: Currie Bart J , Carapetis Jonathan R 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYThe most important skin infections in Aboriginal communities in central and northern Australia are scabies and streptococcal pyoderma. Scabies is endemic in many remote Aboriginal communities, with prevalences in children up to 50%. The cycles of scabies transmission underlie much of the pyoderma. Up to 70% of children have skin sores, with group A streptococcus (GAS) the major pathogen. Group A streptococcus is responsible for the continuing outbreaks of post‐streptococcal glomerulonephritis and acute rheumatic fever (ARF). The cycles of scabies transmission in dogs and humans do not appear to significantly overlap. Guidelines have been developed for community control of scabies and skin sores and successful community initiated coordinated programmes have occurred. The anthropophilic dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum is ubiquitous in many communities, again reflecting living conditions. Other skin infections related to the tropical environment include melioidosis, nocardiosis, Chromobacterium violaceum and chromoblastomycosis. Sustainable and long‐term improvements in scabies, skin sores and GAS‐related disease and tinea require fundamental changes that address social and economic inequities and, in particular, living conditions and overcrowding.
Whiplash rove beetle dermatitis in central Queensland
Authors: Banney Leith A , Wood Dominic J , Francis Glenn D 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYVesicular dermatitis due to contact with Coleoptera (beetles) is common worldwide, although the condition has been infrequently described in Australia. We document the largest outbreak recognized so far in Australia with a conservative estimate of 250 cases. This occurred in central coastal Queensland over several weeks in late 1998. A survey of the medical practitioners in this district is presented, along with clinical and histopathological illustrations. Our research found that knowledge of the condition was limited even in this region where cases occur each year. This condition is an important differential diagnosis in acute blistering disorders.
Transient reactive papulotranslucent acrokeratoderma associated with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Lowes Michelle A , Khaira Gurpreet Singh , Holt Deborah 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYA 20‐year‐old female with cystic fibrosis presented with a white marginal palmar eruption after exposure to water. There was no family history of keratoderma. A biopsy showed hyperkeratosis around dilated eccrine ostia. These features are similar to a recently described condition, transient reactive papulotranslucent acrokeratoderma. This is thought to be a variant of hereditary papulotranslucent acrokeratoderma, one of the punctate keratodermas. Association with cystic fibrosis has not been described previously.
1,6‐Hexanediol diacrylate: A rapid and potent sensitizer in the printing industry
Authors: Morgan Vanessa A , Fewings John M 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYPrinters are exposed to a wide variety of irritants and sensitizers. Allergy developing from a single exposure to any compound is rare. We report two cases of workers in the printing industry who developed allergic contact dermatitis to 1,6‐hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) within a short period of exposure. The first developed within weeks of exposure to a plastic sheet primed with HDDA. The second developed after a single accidental exposure.
Pemphigus with pemphigoid‐like presentation, associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue
Authors: Wong Kenneth C , Ho Kenneth K 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYA 53‐year‐old woman presented with an inoperable squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue associated with tense large bullae consistent with bullous pemphigoid, preceded by a prodrome of urticarial plaques. The histological findings showed a regenerating subepidermal blister with eosinophils and no acantholysis. Direct immunofluorescence study, however, showed positive staining for IgG and C3 throughout the epidermis consistent with pemphigus. The blistering eruption had no mucosal involvement and responded to low dose corticosteroids. Our patient may represent another presentation of a ‘paraneoplastic pemphigus spectrum’.
Drug‐induced solar urticaria due to tetracycline
Authors: Yap Lee Mei , Foley Peter A , Crouch2 Rohan B , Baker1 Christopher S 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYSolar urticaria is an uncommon disorder characterized by pruritus, erythema and whealing commencing within minutes of exposure to ultraviolet (UV) and visible light, and generally resolves in a few hours. We describe a 28‐year‐old woman who developed pruritus and erythema 5 min after sun exposure while on tetracycline for treatment of perioral dermatitis. Phototesting elicited urticarial reactions in the UVA, UVB and visible spectra. Repeat phototesting after cessation of tetracycline was negative. This report documents the first case of solar urticaria induced by tetracycline.
Epidemiology of cutaneous lupus erythematosus in a tertiary referral centre in Singapore
Authors: Ng Patricia PL , Tan Suat Hoon , Koh Ee Tzun , Tan Tulip 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYThe aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the epidemiology, yield of investigations and proportion of patients who develop systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) among the subsets of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (LE) in the Singapore Asian population. One hundred and twenty‐five patients were diagnosed with cutaneous LE on clinico–pathological correlation, of which 73 had discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE), eight had subacute cutaneous LE (SCLE), 22 had acute LE lesions and the remainder had other less common forms of cutaneous LE. Histology was consistent with LE in 94.4% and suggestive in 4.8%. Direct immunofluorescence was positive in 61% of DLE, 86% of SCLE and 80% of acute LE cases. Antinuclear antibody (ANA) was present in the majority of acute LE (85%) and SCLE (88%) but only in 25% of DLE. Eight patients (11%) presenting with DLE had definite SLE at first presentation and two (2.7%) subsequently several months later. Of these patients, six had only mucocutaneous and serological criteria but two had major organ involvement. Five SCLE patients (63%) fulfilled the criteria for SLE, including two with major organ involvement.
Drug‐related pemphigus and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors
Authors: Ong Colin S , Cook Natasha , Lee Stephen 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYA 105‐year‐old woman developed pemphigus foliaceus. She had been on fosinopril, an angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) for 4 years. Anti‐intercellular cement substance antibodies were positive with titre > 160. She died during admission of an unrelated illness. A 57‐year‐old man developed pemphigus vulgaris after 11 months treatment with quinapril. At 14 months after developing pemphigus, this man continues on prednisone and azathioprine. We speculate that these are cases of ACE‐inhibitor‐related pemphigus and we review ACE‐inhibitor‐related pemphigus.
Keratosis lichenoides chronica: Report of a case developing after erythroderma
Authors: Criado Paulo Ricardo , Valente Neusa Yuriko Sakai , Sittart Jose Alexandre de Souza , Juang Jaqueline Motta , Vasconcellos Cidia 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYA 66‐year‐old male presented with keratosis lichenoides chronica after a presumed drug‐induced erythroderma. After resolution of the erythroderma, slightly scaly erythematous and violaceous papules in a reticular arrangement over the trunk and limbs developed in association with hoarseness, palmoplantar keratoderma, onycholysis and subungual keratosis. Histology from a lichenoid lesion showed pseudo‐epitheliomatous hyperplasia, hyperorthokeratosis, parakeratosis, dyskeratosis, neutrophil exocytosis and focal vacuolar degeneration of the basal layer of the epidermis. There was a band‐like chronic inflammatory infiltrate in the upper dermis. The skin improved with prednisone 40 mg/day for 15 days, leaving atrophic hypopigmented scars. A diagnosis of keratosis lichenoides chronica was made.
Persistent head lice following multiple treatments: Evidence for insecticide resistance inPediculus humanus capitis
Authors: Bailey Anita M , Prociv Paul 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYViable head lice were found on the scalps of two family members following multiple topical insecticide treatments. The possibility of reinfestation had been reliably excluded. Persistent infestation could be diagnosed only after cutting the hair and combing repeatedly, which allowed visualization of juvenile (nymphal) and adult lice. Insecticide‐resistant headlouse infestations are probably much more common than is generally realised and may persist unnoticed, so that more aggressive approaches will be needed to eradicate these ectoparasites from individuals and communities.
Treatment of ‘angiomas’: A modern commentary
Authors: Rogers Maureen 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYThe terminology and classification of vascular birthmarks has been simplified and clarified since 1951. Where treatment is indicated, this also has changed from radiotherapy being the treatment of choice to now having a range of therapeutic options including corticosteroids, α‐interferon, alginate and hydrocolloid dressings, antibiotics, laser and surgery. Another important aspect of the management of haemangiomas is the recognition that certain patterns can be associated with other abnormalities.
PERSONAL REVIEW Expansion techniques after Mohs’ surgery on the face
Authors: Hodgkinson Darryl J , Lam Quoc 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYMohs’ surgery in the face has established itself as the optimal technique for a high cure rate of basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma occurring in the skin of the face. However, after the resection in Mohs’ surgery, the defects, when extensive, require careful, planned reconstruction in order to produce a good cosmetic result. Although flap reconstruction is available for smaller lesions, larger defects can be covered often by expansion techniques. The expansion technique involves placing a silastic expander of various size and designs underneath the adjacent skin and, over a period of weeks, injecting saline into the expander in order to increase the amount of skin available for future flap reconstruction. This usually represents a two‐stage procedure consisting of the insertion of the expander and, some weeks later, removal of the filled expander when there is sufficient tissue, and using this tissue to reconstruct the initial Mohs’ defect by a flap. When defects are greater than half the aesthetic unit of the face, or greater than one‐third in the forehead, or over 6 cm in the scalp, expansion techniques should be considered for reconstruction.
Dermatomyofibroma: A report of two cases, one occurring in a child
Authors: Mortimore Rohan J , Whitehead Kevin J 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYDermatomyofibroma is a recently described plaque‐like dermal tumour composed of myofibroblasts that usually presents around the shoulder, axilla and posterior neck, often in young adult females. Here, we present two cases, one from the posterior axilla of a 33‐year‐old female and one from the posterior neck of a 7‐year‐old male. Both were clinically red–brown lesions with histological and immunohistochemical features diagnostic of dermatomyofibroma. There was no evidence of aggressive biologic behaviour with 3 months and 2 months follow up, respectively. While the majority of dermatomyofibromas present in post‐pubescent females, the 7‐year‐old male exemplifies a subgroup occurring in male children which appears to show a particular predilection for the posterior neck.
Mycobacterium abscessus wound infection
Authors: Ozluer Selim M , De'Ambrosis Brian J 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYWe report an isolated case of wound infection due to Mycobacterium abscessus following minor cutaneous surgery. The patient had routine skin cancer surgery in a private dermatology practice setting. He presented 2 weeks later with a wound infection which failed to respond to cephalexin. The patient reported that he had walked through salt water and bushes with exposed surgical wounds 1 week postoperatively. Tissue cultures later grew M. abscessus. The patient was successfully treated with oral clarithromycin 500 mg qid of 6 months duration.
Severe cyclical thrombocytopenia in a patient with a large lymphatic–venous malformation: A potential association?
Authors: Wong Li‐Chuen , Rogers Maureen , Lammi Ahti 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYThe case is reported of an infant who had a large vascular malformation involving his left arm and axillar. It was initially believed to be purely lymphatic in composition but some venous elements were identified subsequently, at operation. The lesion was unusual in that there was a total absence of skin over one area of it at birth, that it underwent spontaneous shrinkage in the early weeks of life, and that a circumferential scarring developed which led to severe functional disability of the limb. At 12 months of age the patient developed a profound cyclic thrombocytopenia that spontaneously resolved after 1 year. The cause of the platelet cycling is unresolved but might have been secondary to intermittent production by the malformation of a cytokine which was destructive against the platelets.
Mid‐dermal elastophagocytosis presenting as a persistent reticulate erythema
Authors: Bannister Michael J , Rubel Diana M , Kossard Steven 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYTwo men are presented with a widespread persistent reticulate erythema concentrated within the chronically sun‐damaged skin on their trunk. A fine papular element was present in one case and both lacked annular lesions. One patient was human immunodeficiency virus positive. Multiple skin biopsies showed an interstitial infiltrate of histiocytes containing multiple elastic fibres in the upper dermis. There was scant perivascular lymphocytic inflammation but no evident necrobiosis or palisaded granulomas seen typically with granuloma annulare. Elastic stains showed focal mid‐dermal elastolysis. Diffuse reticulate erythema in sun‐damaged skin may be a clinical marker for elastophagocytosis. This presentation differs from that previously described with actinic granuloma, diffuse granuloma annulare or the inflammatory phase of mid‐dermal elastolysis and expands the clinical spectrum of this phenomenon.
CONTINUING MEDICAL EDUCATION REVIEW Nail apparatus melanoma
Authors: Thai Keng‐Ee , Young Richard , Sinclair Rodney D 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYNail apparatus melanoma is a relatively rare variant of melanoma with a disproportionately high mortality when compared with melanoma elsewhere. The aetiology and natural history remain poorly understood. There is no clear epidemiological association with race, skin type or sun exposure. Universally accepted clinical and histological criteria for the diagnosis of early nail apparatus melanoma have not been defined. The two cardinal clinical signs are melanonychia striata and Hutchinson’s sign. These are useful but not pathognomonic of melanoma. Diagnostic delay is frequent and patients commonly have advanced disease at the time of diagnosis. Surgical excision is advocated for treatment of stage I disease; however, the most appropriate re‐excision margins, including the level of amputation where required, have not been determined. Early diagnosis and excision of the tumour is the only treatment known to increase survival. Adjuvant systemic chemotherapy, isolated limb perfusion, and routine elective lymph node dissection have been used, but no survival benefit has been demonstrated.
RESEARCH REPORT Perceptions of acne vulgaris in final year medical student written examination answers
Authors: Green Jack , Sinclair Rodney D 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYMisconceptions exist in the community regarding factors that exacerbate acne vulgaris. In particular stress, diet, lifestyle and personal hygiene are often erroneously claimed to be important factors. In order to investigate whether these common misconceptions persist in medical graduates, we analysed the answers of 215 sixth year medical students, who all subsequently graduated from The University of Melbourne, to a short‐answer question on acne management and exacerbating factors in one of their final year examination papers. With respect to exacerbating factors, 67% of students identified stress, 10% identified lifestyle factors (smoking and alcohol consumption), and 25% claimed poor facial hygiene exacerbated acne. Diet was stated to be an important factor by 41% of students, of whom 12% specifically mentioned chocolate. Persistence of these misconceptions among medical graduates is likely to perpetuate misinformation in the community.
CASE REPORT Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus associated with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ho Covan , Shumack Stephen P , Morris David 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYA 63‐year‐old man with a 4‐year history of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma secondary to chronic hepatitis B developed a rash affecting his arms, legs, thorax and back. Both clinical and histological examination suggested a diagnosis of subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE). The association of SCLE and hepatocellular carcinoma has not previously been reported. The SCLE persisted without remission and was still present at his death from metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma 3 months later. We also review other reported cases of SCLE as paraneoplastic dermatoses and apply McLean’s criteria for paraneoplastic dermatosis.
CASE REPORT Allergic contact dermatitis to cinchocaine
Authors: Kearney Christopher R , Fewings John 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYA case of allergic contact dermatitis to cinchocaine is presented to highlight the confusion regarding the classification of, and cross‐reactivity between, topical anaesthetic agents and the inadequacy of the use of benzocaine as a single screening agent for topical anaesthetic contact allergy. Our patient presented with a 10‐day history of acute perianal dermatitis. Allergic contact dermatitis to Proctosedyl® ointment, which was applied for 3 weeks prior, was suspected. On patch testing, he reacted to cinchocaine, a constituent of Proctosedyl® ointment, and to the actual product, but had no reaction to benzocaine or lignocaine.