bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Islet autotransplantation in the pancreatectomized dog: Effect of time on graft function
Authors: Alderson D. , Farndon J. R. , Alberti K. G. M. M. , Phil D. , Path M. R. C. , Johnston I. D. A. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractPancreatic transplants in large experimental diabetic animals maintain fasting euglycemia, but do not achieve normal glucose tolerance. This and other hormonal and metabolic defects influence the efficacy of these grafts to control or reverse the complications of diabetes. The aim of this study was to see if such defects exist, and how they might alter with time.Twelve dogs were studied 1 and 3 months after receiving intrasplenic autotransplants of collagenase‐dispersed pancreatic fragments. Thirty‐three normal animals acted as controls. Blood glucose, lactate, pyruvate, alanine, glycerol, 3‐hydroxybutyrate, cholesterol, free fatty acids, dinsulin, glucagon, and cortisol were determined in the fasting state and following an intravenous glucose load. At 1 month, glucose clearance (K) was reduced and there were elevated fasting levels of glycerol, cholesterol, free fatty acids, and 3‐hydroxybutyrate. At 3 months, significant improvements in K had occurred and intermediary metabolism returned to normal. There was a significant increase in glucosestimulated insulin output measured in peripheral blood between 1 and 3 months. Profiles for glucagon and cortisol were normal throughout the study.Unlike segmental pancreatic transplants, the pancreatic islet graft demonstrates functional improvement with time, a feature of considerable importance for future clinical studies.
The effects of transplant mass on insulin release by collagenase‐dispersed pancreatic fragments in the diabetic dog
Authors: Alderson Derek , Farndon John R. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe abnormal glucose tolerance seen in experimental diabetic animals receiving pancreatic transplants has been assumed to be due to a reduced functional islet mass.Collagenase‐dispersed autografts were prepared following total pancreatectomy. Six dogs received 100%, and 6 received 50% of the tissue so formed. Blood glucose, lactate, pyruvate, alanine, glycerol, 3‐hydroxybutyrate, cholesterol, free fatty acids, insulin, glucagon, and cortisol were determined in the fasting state and following an intravenous glucose load (IVGTT). Glucose clearance (K) was calculated. Fasting euglycemia was achieved and insulin levels were the same in both groups. Similar reductions in K, with elevated fasting levels of glycerol, and 3‐hydroxybutyrate, were present in both groups 1 month after transplantation. Glucose‐stimulated insulin output was both quantitatively and qualitatively defective with similar levels being achieved in peripheral blood in both groups. This abnormal insulin response exposed elevated levels of free fatty acids and alanine during the IVGTT, although suppression of glucagon was normal in both groups.The results suggest that a simple relationship between transplant mass and insulin secretion does not exist. This may be important in regard to the future clinical application of free transplantation in the treatment of diabetes.
Wound infections in appendicitis: Effective prophylaxis
Authors: Gaffney Peter R. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWound infections following appendectomy continue to occur at a surprisingly high rate. Individual prophylactic methods have been shown to reduce the incidence but are unlikely to eliminate infections owing to the multifactorial nature of their etiology. No study in which multiple methods were used has yet been reported. In this study 100 consecutive cases of appendicitis were treated by multiple methods including good surgical technique, protective wound packs, avoidance of drains, and systemic antibiotics (penicillin, gentamicin, and clindamycin), in appendicitis associated with perforation, gangrene, or abscess formation. By using these methods a 1% wound infection rate was achieved, the lowest rate yet reported for 100 consecutive cases of appendicitis.
Twenty‐five years after Billroth II gastrectomy for duodenal ulcer
Authors: Fischer Anders B. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractOne thousand twenty‐five patients underwent a Billroth II resection for duodenal ulcer between 1948 and 1956. The operative mortality rate was 2.4%. At follow‐up between 22 and 30 years later, 522 had died and 423 patients were traced. Recurrent ulcer appeared in 2.6% of the cases. Postgastrectomy symptoms occurred with the following frequency: dumping 10%, diarrhea 5%, vomiting 7%, and pain 4%. Anemia developed in 18%, hypoalbuminemia and hypocalcemia in 40 and 15%, respectively. Eleven percent had lost more than 10 kg in weight. Tuberculosis was found in 3% of the cases. While 90% of the patients were satisfied with the result, 10% were failures. The overall mortality rate was significantly increased because of suicide. Gastric carcinoma was the cause of death no more often than expected.
Proximal gastric vagotomy in dyspeptic patients without an ulcer
Authors: Aase Steinar T. , Liavåg Ivar , Roland Magne 
Published: May 2005

AbstractProximal gastric vagotomy (PGV) was performed in 40 patients who had suffered from dyspepsia for several years, but who did not have any demonstrable ulcer. Great care was taken to obtain a thorough history of the disease. Patients with symptoms not likely to be caused by gastric hypersecretion were not treated surgically. There was a distinctive reduction of both basal and pentagastrin‐stimulated acid secretion after the operation. The decrease in acid output was accompanied by a marked relief of symptoms. Most patients noted the improvement within 3 months after surgery. Thirty patients were interviewed after 5 years. Of these, 23 were either completely cured of dyspepsia or were at least much better than before the operation. Only 1 person reported no relief 5 years after PGV. It is concluded that surgical treatment may be of value in patients with chronic dyspepsia even in the absence of a peptic ulcer.
Compression of the common hepatic duct by the right hepatic artery in intrahepatic gallstones
Authors: Tsuchiya Ryoichi , Eto Toshifumi , Harada Noboru , Yamamoto Kensuke , Matsumoto Teiji , Tsunoda Tsukasa , Yamaguchi Takashi , Noda Takatoshi , Izawa Kunihide 
Published: May 2005

AbstractTwo cases of intrahepatic gallstones with stenosis of the common hepatic duct caused by overriding of the right hepatic artery are described. The probable diagnosis of the compression of the bile duct by the artery was obtained by superimposing a direct cholangiogram on an angiogram. The final diagnosis was made at operation. The first patient was successfully treated by resection of the compressed common hepatic duct with Roux‐en‐Y hepaticojejunostomy anterior to the right hepatic artery. In the second patient, lateral segmentectomy and cholangiojejunostomy were performed.
The incidence and significance of common bile duct dilatation in biliary calculous diseases
Authors: Lygidakis N. J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractTo assess the significance of common bile duct dilatation in biliary lithiasis, we studied 3,802 patients who underwent surgery for biliary calculous disease. It has been shown that there is a higher incidence of common bile duct dilatation in patients of advanced age, in those with a long history of symptoms, and in those who have undergone previous biliary surgery. Furthermore, it has been noted that common bile duct dilatation is associated with a high incidence of bile infection of primary common bile duct stones and of pathological changes on the biliary tree histology. These findings support the view that common bile duct dilatation should be considered as an end result of advanced biliary tree disease and it may well predict a high potential for recurrent choledocholithiasis.
Residual pancreatic exocrine function before and after pancreaticoduodenectomy for periampullary cancer
Authors: Kodama Motomu , Tanaka Tsuneo 
Published: May 2005

AbstractIn 25 patients with periampullary cancer receiving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), residual function of the exocrine pancreas was assessed by the pancreatic function diagnostant test (PFT) to investigate functional variations during the postoperative course. The volume of excretion of p‐aminobenzoic acid (PABA) in urine for 6 hours before the operation was significantly lower than that in the control group (p<0.01). The 6‐hour excretion level within 2 months after the operation was the same as preoperatively; however, the 6‐hour excretion level 12 months postoperatively was higher than that before the operation (p<0.01) and within 2 months after the operation (p<0.01). An analysis of the urinary excretion pattern of PABA was useful to suggest the status of the pancreatic duct. It may be concluded that the lower level of the PFT before PD resulted from obstruction of the pancreatic duct, that the lower level within 2 months after PD was the result of maldigestion and malabsorption, and that the level of the PFT beyond 12 months after PD was improved to the same level as the control group.
Pancreatic abscess management by subtotal resection and packing
Authors: Stone H. Harlan , Strom Priscilla R. , Mullins Richard J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA 20‐year experience in management of 57 patients with pancreatic abscess was reviewed. Ages ranged from 17 to 91 years (average 46). Males outnumbered females 39 to 18. A prior episode of pancreatitis had been documented in 31 patients, trauma in 23, and no known cause in 3. All patients had fever (> 39°C), abdominal pain and/or tenderness, and absent peristalsis. A draining wound, abdominal mass, oliguria, (< 20 ml/hr), and shock (BP<100/60) were other prominent findings. Either leukocytosis (> 12,000/mm3) or leukopenia (<5,000/mm3) was noted in 56 patients. Elevation of the serum amylase (> 200 u/100 ml) and jaundice (bilirubin > 2 mg/100 ml) were reported less frequently. Bacteremia was found in all patients not receiving parenteral antibiotics at the time blood cultures were drawn and in half despite such therapy. Plain abdominal x‐rays and, more recently, the computed tomography scan revealed retroperitoneal gas bubbles and/or a mass in 52 of the patients and proved to be the most useful diagnostic tests.Treatment with antibiotics alone or plus drainage led to survival in only 3 of 18. Five of 14 managed by open packing and 2 of 3 managed by distal resection with drainage died. However, when the wound following subtotal pancreatectomy was packed open, with daily pack changes, only 2 of 22 failed to survive. Deaths were primarily due to hemorrhagic (9) or septic (8) shock or some complication of these states (3).
A controlled trial of synthetic salmon calcitonin in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis
Authors: Martínez Enrique , Navarrete Francisco 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThirty‐one patients suffering severe acute pancreatitis entered a protocol designed to evaluate the therapeutic value of synthetic salmon calcitonin. All 31 patients were submitted to standardized treatment and, in addition, 14 received daily 300 MRCU of calcitonin for 15 days. The parameters evaluated were: mortality rate, effectiveness of conservative treatment, pleural effusion, date of return to oral feeding, days of hospitalization, pain, abdominal distention, peristalsis, fever, pulse rate, serum and urinary amylase, serum calcium, hematocrit level, and leukocyte count. Significant differences were not found between the 2 groups. Therefore, the conclusion is that synthetic salmon calcitonin is of no benefit in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis.
Results of surgical treatments of primary hepatocellular carcinoma: Some aspects to improve long‐term survival
Authors: Okamoto Eizo , Tanaka Nobutaka , Yamanaka Naoki , Toyosaka Akihiro 
Published: May 2005

AbstractFrom 1973 through 1982 we have treated 226 patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma, including 103 by hepatectomy and 93 by hepatic artery ligation. Most were associated with cirrhosis or related liver diseases and one‐third with esophageal varices. As in other Japanese and Asian series, our long‐term overall results for the 90 patients who survived hepatectomy were poor in comparison with Western series dealing with non‐cirrhotic patients. However, the actuarial survival rate at 3 years was 90% in patients with carcinomas smaller than 3 cm in diameter (n = 18). The 5‐year survival rate was 70.8% in the 25 patients whose carcinoma had a curative resection, and 100% at 3 years in the 16 patients in whom a tumor smaller than 5 cm had been resected. Eighty‐four patients survived hepatic artery ligation; in 50 of them the area of ischemia was thought to include all the neoplastic lesions within the liver. The survival rate of these 50 patients was superior to that of the patients who had undergone noncurative hepatic resection.We conclude that early detection and curative resection is the best way to improve the long‐term results in cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and that hepatic artery ligation is better than incomplete (noncurative) resection.
The pituitary before and after adrenalectomy for Cushing's syndrome
Authors: Manolas Konstantinos J. , Farmer Helen M. , Wilson H. Kenneth , Kennedy A. Laurence , Joplin Graham F. , Montgomery Desmond A. D. , Kennedy Terence L. , Welbourn Richard B. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSeventy‐nine patients underwent subtotal or total adrenalectomy for pituitary‐dependent Cushing's syndrome (1953–1980); 76 survived the operation and 75 were followed for 1 to 27 (mean 11) years. Pigmentation, plasma ACTH, and sellar X‐rays were assessed at intervals.Pigmentation developed in 37 (5 before and 32 after operation), most frequently after total adrenalectomy. The sella was definitely enlarged in 6 of 65 patients before the operation and in 14 of 65 after it. Enlargement was more common in pigmented than in non‐pigmented patients. The plasma ACTH concentration rose after adrenalectomy. It was significantly higher in pigmented than in non‐pigmented patients. It was also higher after total than after subtotal adrenalectomy.Pituitary tumors were confirmed histologically in 15 patients. The tumors presented at the same time as the Cushing's syndrome in 8 and after adrenalectomy in 7. They were malignant and fatal in 6. Pigmentation, present in 11 of these patients, developed only after adrenalectomy. In 9 other patients with benign lesions and 21 with clinically probable but histologically unconfirmed tumors, 7 were treated by hypophysectomy with or without irradiation (4 cured, 3 improved), and 4 by irradiation alone: external 3, internal 1 (all improved).
One‐hand racquet grip for Tru‐cut® thyroid biopsy
Authors: Boey John , Collins Robert J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractNumerous studies attest to the reliability and safety of Tru‐cut® needle biopsy of thyroid nodules. We describe a simple method in which the biopsy needle may be controlled with one hand, thereby freeing the other hand to fix the thyroid nodule in position. Attention to the site of needle entry and the trajectory of the biopsy plane will minimize complications while ensuring a satisfactory yield in approximately 90% of nodules, irrespective of their location within the thyroid gland. Obtaining multiple biopsies along different planes will further reduce geographical sampling errors. It is suggested that this easily adopted method should complement fine‐needle aspiration in the management of dominant thyroid nodules.
Loop ileostomy: A superior diverting stoma in colorectal surgery
Authors: Fasth S. , Hultén L. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractIn a consecutive series of 99 patients, we have evaluated the safety of the loop ileostomy employed for diversion and/or decompression. We have recorded the complications after construction and subsequent closure and any associated difficulties with stoma care have been evaluated. The results indicate that a loop ileostomy, when properly constructed and managed by modern appliances, presents no more problems than a conventional end ileostomy. Closure of a loop ileostomy is associated with few complications. A loop ileostomy appears superior to a transverse colostomy as a temporary diversion of the fecal stream and should be used where possible.
Abrogation of the beneficial blood transfusion effect in dogs by splenectomy
Authors: Marquet R. L. , Heineman E. , Tank B. , Obertop H. , Niessen G. J. C. M. , Bijnen A. B. , Westbroek D. L. , Jeekel J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe role of the spleen in the manifestation of the transfusion phenomenon was studied in beagle dogs. Beagles were transfused 3 times with 100 ml blood from different mismatched mongrel dogs, at 4, 3, and 2 weeks before mongrel kidney transplantation or splenectomy. Seven transfused dogs were splenectomized 1 week before transplantation, 9 transfused animals were not splenectomized, and a group of 9 kidney allografted controls was neither transfused nor splenectomized. All recipients were given postoperative immunosuppression, which consisted of azathioprine and prednisolone.As with earlier demonstrations it was found that 3 pretransplant blood transfusions in the nonsplenectomized group led to a significant prolongation of kidney graft survival. All transfused animals survived for more than 3 weeks, a period in which more than 50% of the kidneys in the control group were rejected. Four out of 9 transfused dogs became long‐term survivors. In the transfused‐splenectomized group, 70% of the recipients rejected their kidney acutely within 3 weeks, and only one animal became a long‐term survivor. The absence of a transfusion effect in most of the splenectomized dogs suggests that, under the experimental conditions employed, the spleen plays a crucial role for the induction and manifestation of the transfusion phenomenon.
Radiographic parenchymal patterns in Japanese females as a risk factor for breast carcinoma
Authors: Kojima Osamu , Majima Takashi , Uehara Yasuo , Ikeda Eito , Ahn Tatsuyuki , Fujita Yoshihiro , Tamura Yukio , Majima Susumu 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWolfe has reported that his classification of xerographic parenchymal patterns of the breast was of value in screening programs. However, there has been no attempt to confirm his work in Japan. Therefore, we investigated the relationship of breast parenchymal patterns to breast carcinoma prevalence in Japanese females. In the cancer patients, the P2 pattern was the most dominant pattern (49.4%), followed by the DY pattern (23.6%), the P1 pattern (14.0%), and the N pattern (13.0%). In the group without carcinoma, the dominant pattern was the N pattern (45.2%), followed by the P1 pattern (26.9%), the P2 pattern (21.3%), and the DY pattern (6.7%). The DY pattern was associated with 31% of breast carcinomas that occurred in women under 50 years of age, whereas it was associated with only 13% of breast carcinomas in women older than 50 years. Conversely, the P2 pattern was associated with 58% of the breast carcinomas occurring in women over age 50 years compared to 41% of those occurring in women younger than age 50. More than 70% of the patients with breast carcinoma who were between 30 and 59 years of age demonstrated the P2 and DY patterns. In the patients with breast carcinoma who were over 60 years of age, the incidence of these patterns was somewhat lower (55.6%).The present results demonstrate that the classification proposed by Wolfe is of value in the screening programs for breast carcinoma in Japanese females.
Mucormycosis: A fatal case bySaksenaea vasiformis
Authors: Patiño José Félix , Mora Rafael , Guzmán Miguel A. , Rodríguez‐Franco Eduardo 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA fatal case of mucormycosis in a previously healthy 26‐year‐old woman who developed a progressive necrotizing lesion is presented. Histopathological and mycological studies revealed the presence of a Zygomycete, which after several cultures proved to beSaksenaea vasiformis. No underlying pathological condition was detected. This case might prove to be the first one of fatalSaksenaea vasiformis infection reported in Latin America, and only the 4th one in the world literature. The relevance of mucormycosis in the diagnosis and management of necrotizing cellulitis is stressed.
Use of selective arterial secretin injection test to guide surgery in patients with Zollinger‐Ellison syndrome
Authors: Imamura Masayuki , Takahashi Kiyoyuki 
Published: May 2005

AbstractIt is often difficult to localize gastrinomas in patients with Zollinger‐Ellison syndrome (ZES). We have developed a new useful method, the selective arterial secretin injection test (SASI test), for localizing gastrinomas in patients with ZES. The SASI test first determines the arteries feeding the gastrinomas and then locates the gastrinomas. In 12 patients with ZES, the SASI test clearly localized the gastrinomas, while results obtained with computed tomography or portal venous blood sampling had a positive predictability of less than 10%. Following localization with the SASI test, curative resection of gastrinomas was successfully performed on 7 patients who consented to the operation. Each of 3 patients had one duodenal submucosal microgastrinoma and one or more metastatic lymph node; the other 4 patients had 2 to 10 microgastrinomas or large gastrinomas in the duodenum or the pancreas. All 7 patients, who exhibited negative responses with a postoperative secretin test, have been completely cured from 3 months to 4 years postoperatively. The usefulness of the SASI test for preoperative evaluation is demonstrated by the fact that it gives a 100% positive predictability rate as well as a 100% negative predictability rate. Hence the SASI test precisely locates functioning gastrinomas.
Use of isotope‐labeled somatostatin analogs for visualization of islet cell tumors
Authors: van Eyck C. H. J. , Braining H. A. , Reubi J. C. , Bakker W. H. , Oei H. Y. , Krenning E. P. , Lamberts S. W. J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe results of visualization of the islet cell tumors of 25 patients after intravenous administration of two isotope‐labeled somatostatin analogs (123I‐Tyr3‐octreotide and111In‐octreotide) are described. The primary tumors, as well as previously often unrecognized distant metastases were visualized in 20 of the 25 patients (80%). Parallel in vitro detection of somatostatin receptors on those tumors that had also been visualized in vivo indicates that the ligand binding to the tumor in vivo indeed represents binding to specific somatostatin receptors. The detection of somatostatin receptors on these tumors in vivo predicted a good suppressive effect of octreotide on hormonal hypersecretion by these tumors. It is an easy, quick, harmless procedure that is valuable for localization of primary endocrine pancreatic tumors and their often radiologically and clinically not yet recognized metastases.
Surgical treatment of the Zollinger‐Ellison syndrome
Authors: Stadil F. , Bardram L. , Gustafsen J. , Efsen F. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA consecutive series of patients with Zollinger‐Ellison syndrome (ZES) is reported. A total of 53 cases were diagnosed, treated, and followed by one department during the period 1971–1990. Curative surgery was considered in all cases after suppression of acid secretion and after localization of the tumors. Exploratory laparotomy was not employed. Of the 53 patients 13 (24%) died from metastatic gastrinoma during the study. Tumors were ultimately located in 31 of the patients, and 21 of these patients were operated. A total of 12 patients (21%) were cured. The best results were obtained after Whipple pancreaticoduodenectomy in patients with small tumors located after percutaneous transhepatic portography with blood sampling for gastrin assay. In this group 9 of 10 operated patients were cured. Multiple endocrine neoplasia type I did not seem to preclude curative resection. The findings support an aggressive attitude toward local diagnosis and surgical treatment in ZES patients, but they also stress the need for improvements in methods for localizing tumors.