bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and evolution of a diterpenoid phytoalexin oryzalactone biosynthetic gene in the genus Oryza
Authors: Kariya Keisuke , Mori Haruka , Ueno Makoto , Yoshikawa Takanori , Teraishi Masayoshi , Yabuta Yukinori , Ueno Kotomi , Ishihara Atsushi 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARYThe natural variation of plant‐specialized metabolites represents the evolutionary adaptation of plants to their environments. However, the molecular mechanisms that account for the diversification of the metabolic pathways have not been fully clarified. Rice plants resist attacks from pathogens by accumulating diterpenoid phytoalexins. It has been confirmed that the composition of rice phytoalexins exhibits numerous natural variations. Major rice phytoalexins (momilactones and phytocassanes) are accumulated in most cultivars, although oryzalactone is a cultivar‐specific compound. Here, we attempted to reveal the evolutionary trajectory of the diversification of phytoalexins by analyzing the oryzalactone biosynthetic gene in Oryza species. The candidate gene, KSLX‐OL, which accounts for oryzalactone biosynthesis, was found around the single‐nucleotide polymorphisms specific to the oryzalactone‐accumulating cultivars in the long arm of chromosome 11. The metabolite analyses in Nicotiana benthamiana and rice plants overexpressing KSLX‐OL indicated that KSLX‐OL is responsible for the oryzalactone biosynthesis. KSLX‐OL is an allele of KSL8 that is involved in the biosynthesis of another diterpenoid phytoalexin, oryzalexin S and is specifically distributed in the AA genome species. KSLX‐NOL and KSLX‐bar, which encode similar enzymes but are not involved in oryzalactone biosynthesis, were also found in AA genome species. The phylogenetic analyses of KSLXs, KSL8s, and related pseudogenes (KSL9s) indicated that KSLX‐OL was generated from a common ancestor with KSL8 and KSL9 via gene duplication, functional differentiation, and gene fusion. The wide distributions of KSLX‐OL and KSL8 in AA genome species demonstrate their long‐term coexistence beyond species differentiation, suggesting a balancing selection between the genes.
A Novel Elbow-Inspired Cable-Driven Tensegrity Joint: Bionic Design, Coupled Kinematics, and Load Performance
Authors: Xie Xiongdun , Xiong Dezhu , Li Zhenqi , Zhiqing Wen James 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Tensegrity-based robot joint offers mechanical compliance under external impact and in man-robot interaction. So its practical bionic design has become a research hotspot. A variety of tensegrity-based flexible joints have been proposed and verified, but the research is not in-depth enough on control and motion modeling, transmission characteristics, and load performance analysis for robot joints with coupled driving cables and tensegrity structure. Based on the current situation, an elbow-inspired rotary joint is proposed following human anatomy. With the help of tensegrity node balance, the inherent relationships between the joint's rotation and translation and between the driving cables” tension and the joint's rotation are derived. The load performance of the joint is also explored, and the end load is calculated from the deviation between cables' tension of a no-load condition. A prototype and an antagonistic cable driver with tension sensors are designed and manufactured to verify the proposed model, and the experimental results are well in agreement with the theoretical prediction. In the future, the model and the method proposed will be applied to bionic joints with similar structures.
Impacts of Superalloys on the Surface Quality of Additively Manufactured Channels
Authors: Corbett Thomas M. , Thole Karen A. , Ryan Daniel , Bollapragada Sudhakar 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Gas turbines feature many components that require superalloys capable of handling extreme thermal environments. Increasing the selection of materials available for these components is important to their use in these extremely high-temperature environments. This study investigated two recently developed materials intended to be used for additive manufacturing (AM), with one superalloy based on cobalt and the other on nickel. Sets of four test coupons were built using the materials, in addition to the commonly used Inconel-718, on multiple laser powder bed fusion machines. Several build conditions were varied between coupon sets, including coupon orientation, contour settings, and upskin and downskin treatment. Each set of test coupons featured four unique cooling designs to explore how different cooling technologies would be impacted by the variations in build conditions. After being built, coupons were computed tomography (CT) scanned to determine accuracy to design intent and quantify the surface roughness. The CT scans indicated that horizontally built test coupons had a significantly higher deviation from design intent and higher surface roughness than those built vertically. Results also indicated that the cobalt-based alloy consistently had a smoother surface quality with lower surface roughness compared to the nickel-based alloy. After geometric characterization, the cooling performance of the test coupons was measured experimentally. Pressure losses were found to correlate with increases in surface roughness; however, in some cases, the convective heat transfer did not increase proportionally to the pressure loss as a result of surface features significantly blocking the flow without proportionally increasing convective heat transfer.
Effect of Wetsuit Use on Body Temperature and Swimming Performance During Training in the Pool: Recommendations for Open-Water Swimming Training With Wetsuits
Authors: Fujimoto Tomomi , Matsuura Yuiko , Baba Yasuhiro , Hara Reira 
Published: January 2024

Purpose: Open-water swimmers need to train with wetsuits to get familiar with them; however, body core temperature (Tcore) kinetics when using wetsuits in swimming-pool training remains unclear. The present study assessed the effects of wetsuit use in pool training on Tcore, subjective perceptions, and swimming performance to obtain suggestions for wearing wetsuits in training situations. Methods: Four elite/international-level Japanese swimmers (2 female, age 24 [1] y) completed two 10-km trials with (WS) and without wetsuit (SS) in the swimming pool (Tw: 29.0 °C). During the trial, swimmers were allowed to remove their wetsuit if they could no longer tolerate the heat. Tcore was continuously recorded via ingestible temperature sensors. Swimming speed was estimated from every 100-m lap time. Results: Tcore increased by distance in both trials in all swimmers. Tcore when swimmers removed their wetsuit in the WS (distance: 3800 [245] m, time: 2744 [247] s) was higher than that at the same distance in the SS in all swimmers. Rating of perceived exertion was higher in the SS than the WS, and swimming speed was slower in the WS than the SS in all swimmers. Conclusion: Wetsuit use during pool training increases Tcore and decreases swimming performance. Although wearing wetsuits in training situations is important for familiarization, for the safety of the swimmers, it is recommended that they remove their wetsuit if they feel too hot.
“I Can Do It”: Perceived Competence of Parents of Autistic Children After Participating in a Physical Activity Intervention
Authors: Columna Luis , Haegele Justin A. , Barry Ashlyn , Prieto Laura 
Published: January 2024

Background: Autistic children can benefit from physical activity (PA) in a variety of ways. However, autistic children tend not to meet PA recommendations and, consequently, may not experience the associated benefits. Parental PA support can facilitate PA participation among autistic children, but parents of autistic children may lack the skills to help their child engage in PA. Few studies, to date, have examined the outcomes of parent-mediated PA interventions for autistic children. The purpose of this study was to explore parents’ perceived behavioral control (PBC) to support their autistic children in PA after their participation in a PA intervention. Methods: The theory of planned behavior served as the framework for this descriptive–qualitative investigation. Fifteen parents (each with 1 autistic child in the intervention) participated in semistructured interviews (3 wk after the intervention), which were transcribed and then analyzed using thematic line-by-line analysis. Results: Three themes characterized the changes to parents’ PBC after completing the PA intervention. Those themes were: (1) I learned by son! (2) You are my coach! and (3) I can do it! Conclusions: The results showed that by participating in a parent-mediated PA intervention, parents experienced improved confidence and awareness of their child’s abilities, thus enhancing their PBC. Future research is needed to examine how these improvements in PBC may influence the actual PA behaviors of autistic children.
Musculoskeletal Pain, Mood, and Sports Injury in Wheelchair Power Soccer Players
Authors: Moura Ligia Raianne da Silva , Gomes Jessica Fernandez Mosqueira , Belache Fabiana Azevedo Terra Cunha , Meziat Filho Ney Armando de Mello , Vigário Patrícia dos Santos 
Published: January 2024

Context: Wheelchair Power Soccer (WPS) is the only team sport that allows the participation of people with severe physical disabilities who require the daily use of motorized wheelchairs. These individuals may live with chronic pain due to the characteristics of the disabilities and treatments, interfering with their health and limiting their participation in sports. Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and its relationship with mood in WPS players and to analyze the incidence of traumatic injuries during a championship. Methods: A prospective, longitudinal study was carried out on 30 WPS athletes (93.33% male) with a mean (SD) (range) age of 22.37 (9.79) (47) years. Data collection was performed during a South American WPS Championship lasting 3 days, with: investigation of the presence of musculoskeletal pain and mood through a questionnaire; investigation of the occurrence of traumatic injuries through match observation; and confirmation of the occurrence of traumatic injuries through access to medical department records. Results: About 30% (n = 9/30) of the sample presented some pain on the day of evaluation, with an intensity of 5.67 (3.35) (10) points on the visual analog scale. The most common regions of pain were the lower back (13.3%, n = 4/30), thoracic (10%; n = 3/30), and cervical (10%; n = 3/30) areas of the spine. A total of 46.7% (n = 14/30) reported pain in the month before data collection but of less intensity (2.56 [4] [10] points), the most common regions being the lower limbs (20%; n = 6/30) and cervical spine (20%; n = 6/30). Among the between-group comparisons (ie, participants with pain vs without pain), no relationship was observed between mood state and pain. No traumatic injuries were identified during the competition. Conclusion: The presence of musculoskeletal pain was common in WPS players, but it was not related to mood. As no traumatic injuries were observed during the championship, this modality seems to be safe for people with physical disabilities in general.
Tartrolon E, a secondary metabolite of a marine symbiotic bacterium, is a potent inhibitor of asexual and sexual
Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Chery-Karschney Laura , Patrapuvich Rapatbhorn , Mudeppa Devaraja Gouda , Kokkonda Sreekanth , Chakrabarti Rimi , Sriwichai Patchara , O'Connor Roberta M. , Rathod Pradipsinh K. , White John 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Due to the spread of resistance to front-line artemisinin derivatives worldwide, there is a need for new antimalarials. Tartrolon E (TrtE), a secondary metabolite of a symbiotic bacterium of marine bivalve mollusks, is a promising antimalarial because it inhibits the growth of sexual and asexual blood stages of
Plasmodium falciparum
at sub-nanomolar levels. The potency of TrtE warrants further investigation into its mechanism of action, cytotoxicity, and ease with which parasites may evolve resistance to it.
Identification and optimization of pyridine carboxamide-based scaffold as a drug lead for
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Singh Padam , Kumar Arun , Sharma Pankaj , Chugh Saurabh , Kumar Ashish , Sharma Nidhi , Gupta Sonu , Singh Manisha , Kidwai Saqib , Sankar Jishnu , Taneja Neha , Kumar Yashwant , Dhiman Rohan , Mahajan Dinesh , Singh Ramandeep 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

New drugs with novel mechanisms of action are urgently needed to tackle the issue of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Here, we have performed phenotypic screening using the Pathogen Box library obtained from the Medicines for Malaria Venture against
Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro
. We have identified a pyridine carboxamide derivative, MMV687254, as a promising hit. This molecule is specifically active against
M. tuberculosis
and
Mycobacterium bovis
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (
M. bovis
BCG) but inactive against
Enterococcus faecalis
,
Staphylococcus aureus
,
Klebsiella pneumoniae
,
Acinetobacter baumanii
,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
, and
Escherichia coli
pathogens. We demonstrate that MMV687254 inhibits
M. tuberculosis
growth in liquid cultures in a bacteriostatic manner. Surprisingly, MMV687254 was as active as isoniazid in macrophages and inhibited
M. tuberculosis
growth in a bactericidal manner. Mechanistic studies revealed that MMV687254 is a prodrug and that its anti-mycobacterial activity requires AmiC
-
dependent hydrolysis. We further demonstrate that MMV687254 inhibits
M. tuberculosis
growth in macrophages by inducing autophagy. In the present study, we have also carried out a detailed structure-activity relationship study and identified a promising novel lead candidate. The identified novel series of compounds also showed activity against drug-resistant
M. bovis
BCG and
M. tuberculosis
clinical strains. Finally, we demonstrate that in contrast to MMV687254, the lead molecule was able to inhibit
M. tuberculosis
growth in a chronic mouse model of infection. Taken together, we have identified a novel lead molecule with a dual mechanism of action that can be further optimized to design more potent anti-tubercular agents.
Escherichia coli
sequence type 410 with carbapenemases: a paradigm shift within
E. coli
toward multidrug resistance
Authors: Pitout Johann D. D. , Peirano Gisele , Matsumura Yasufumi , DeVinney Rebekah , Chen Liang 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Escherichia coli
sequence type ST410 is an emerging carbapenemase-producing multidrug-resistant (MDR) high-risk One-Health clone with the potential to significantly increase carbapenem resistance among
E. coli
. ST410 belongs to two clades (ST410-A and ST410-B) and three subclades (ST410-B1, ST410-B2, and ST410-B3). After a
fimH
switch between clades ST410-A and ST410-B1, ST410-B2 and ST410-B3 subclades showed a stepwise progression toward developing MDR. (i) ST410-B2 initially acquired fluoroquinolone resistance (via homologous recombination) in the 1980s. (ii) ST410-B2 then obtained CMY-2, CTX-M-15, and OXA-181 genes on different plasmid platforms during the 1990s. (iii) This was followed by the chromosomal integration of
bla
CMY-2
,
fstl
YRIN insertion, and ompC/ompF mutations during the 2000s to create the ST410-B3 subclade. (iv) An IncF plasmid “replacement” scenario happened when ST410-B2 transformed into ST410-B3: F36:31:A4:B1 plasmids were replaced by F1:A1:B49 plasmids (both containing
bla
CTX-M-15
) followed by
bla
NDM-5
incorporation during the 2010s. User-friendly cost-effective methods for the rapid identification of ST410 isolates and clades are needed because limited data are available about the frequencies and global distribution of ST410 clades. Basic mechanistic, evolutionary, surveillance, and clinical studies are urgently required to investigate the success of ST410 (including the ability to acquire successive MDR determinants). Such information will aid with management and prevention strategies to curb the spread of carbapenem-resistant
E. coli
. The medical community can ill afford to ignore the spread of a global
E. coli
clone with the potential to end the carbapenem era.
Molecular characterization of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales in a tertiary hospital in Lima, Peru
Authors: Cuicapuza Diego , Loyola Steev , Velásquez Jorge , Fernández Nathaly , Llanos Carlos , Ruiz Joaquim , Tsukayama Pablo , Tamariz Jesús 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) are a growing threat to global health and the economy. Understanding the interactions between resistance and virulence mechanisms of CPE is crucial for managing difficult-to-treat infections and informing outbreak prevention and control programs. Here, we report the characterization of 21 consecutive, unique clinical isolates of CPE collected in 2018 at a tertiary hospital in Lima, Peru. Isolates were characterized by phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing to identify resistance determinants and virulence factors. Seven
Klebsiella pneumoniae
isolates were classified as extensively drug-resistant. The remaining
Klebsiella
,
Enterobacter hormaechei,
and
Escherichia coli
isolates were multidrug-resistant. Eighteen strains carried the metallo-β-lactamase NDM-1, two the serine-carbapenemase KPC-2, and one isolate had both carbapenemases. The
bla
NDM-1
gene was located in the truncated ΔISAba125 element, and the
bla
KPC-2
gene was in the Tn4401a transposon. ST147 was the most frequent sequence type among
K. pneumoniae
isolates. Our findings highlight the urgent need to address the emergence of CPE and strengthen control measures and antibiotic stewardship programs in low- and middle-income settings.

IMPORTANCE

Genomic surveillance of antimicrobial resistance contributes to monitoring the spread of resistance and informs treatment and prevention strategies. We characterized 21 carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales collected at a Peruvian tertiary hospital in 2018, which exhibited very high levels of resistance and carried numerous resistance genes. We detected the coexistence of carbapenemase-encoding genes (
bla
NDM-1
and
bla
KPC-2
) in a
Klebsiella pneumoniae
isolate that also had the PmrB(R256G) mutation associated with colistin resistance. The
bla
KPC-2
genes were located in Tn4401a transposons, while the
bla
NDM-1
genes were in the genetic structure Tn125 (ΔISAba125). The presence of high-risk clones among
Klebsiella pneumoniae
(ST11 and ST147) and
Escherichia coli
(ST410) isolates is also reported. The study reveals the emergence of highly resistant bacteria in a Peruvian hospital, which could compromise the effectiveness of current treatments and control.
Effect of hemispherical roughness spacing on double-averaged turbulence characteristics for different flow submergence
Authors: Shounda Jayanta , Barman Krishnendu , Debnath Koustuv 
Published: January 2024

The double-averaged (DA) turbulence characteristics over rough bed comprising of hemispherical elements with different spacing ( p/ r = 2, 4, 6, and 8; p = pitch distance; r = height of hemisphere) is quantified for three flow-submergences ( h/ r = 7.14, 5.35, 3.57; mean flow-depth ( h) = 20 cm, 15 cm, and 10 cm). The production and dissipation rates of turbulent kinetic energy are maximum at and below the crest level. Within interfacial sublayer, the degree of anisotropy is observed to be maximum for p/ r = 4 and the tendency for the return to isotropy is strongest for p/ r = 8 in the outer layer. The turbulence generated in the bottom region is still present in the outer region for low flow-submergences. The turbulence strength is maintained in the roughness order (descending) as p/ r = 4 > 2 > 6 > 8 > plane bed; wherein the change in flow-submergence does not change this order.
Lysine Deacetylation Is a Key Function of the Lysyl Oxidase Family of Proteins in Cancer
Authors: Wu Xingxing , Li Xue , Wang Luwei , Bi Xianxia , Zhong Weihong , Yue Jicheng , Chin Y. Eugene 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Mammalian members of the lysyl oxidase (LOX) family of proteins carry a copper-dependent monoamine oxidase domain exclusively within the C-terminal region, which catalyzes ε-amine oxidation of lysine residues of various proteins. However, recent studies have demonstrated that in LOX-like (LOXL) 2–4 the C-terminal canonical catalytic domain and N-terminal scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) repeats domain exhibit lysine deacetylation and deacetylimination catalytic activities. Moreover, the N-terminal SRCR repeats domain is more catalytically active than the C-terminal oxidase domain. Thus, LOX is the third family of lysine deacetylases in addition to histone deacetylase and sirtuin families. In this review, we discuss how the LOX family targets different cellular proteins for deacetylation and deacetylimination to control the development and metastasis of cancer.
Abstract A008: Toxic PARP trapping upon cAMP-induced DNA damage reinstates the efficacy of endocrine therapy and CDK4/6 inhibitors in treatment-refractory ER+ breast cancer
Authors: Saatci Ozge , Cetin Mein , Uner Meral , Tokat Unal Metin , Chatzistamou Ioulia , Ersan Pelin Gulizar , Montaudon Elodie , Akyol Aytekin , Aksoy Sercan , Uner Aysegul , Marangoni Elisabetta , Sajish Mathew , Sahin Ozgur 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER)-positive (ER+) breast cancer has the highest incidence rate and accounts for around 75% of all cases. Endocrine therapy and CDK4/6 inhibitors are the standard of care (SOC) in ER+ breast cancer; however, resistance is common, and it greatly reduces patient survival. Therefore, elucidating the mechanisms of sensitivity and resistance to SOC therapy and identifying actionable targets are urgently needed. Here, we show that SOC therapy causes DNA damage and toxic PARP1 trapping upon generation of a functional BRCAness (i.e., BRCA1/2 deficiency) phenotype, leading to increased histone parylation and reduced H3K9 acetylation, resulting in transcriptional blockage and cell death. Mechanistically, SOC therapy downregulates phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D), a novel ER target gene in a feedforward loop with ER, resulting in increased cAMP, PKA-dependent phosphorylation of mitochondrial COXIV-I, ROS generation and DNA damage. However, during SOC resistance, an ER-to-EGFR switch induces PDE4D overexpression via c-Jun-mediated transcription. Importantly, we demonstrated that high PDE4D mRNA and protein expression is associated with dramatically worse disease-free survival and overall survival in endocrine therapy-treated ER+ breast cancer. Notably, combining SOC with inhibitors of PDE4D, EGFR or PARP1 overcomes SOC resistance irrespective of the BRCA1/2 status in multiple acquired SOC resistant cell line models, primary cultures and organoids of endocrine resistant ER+ PDXs in vitro and in vivo, providing actionable targets for restoring SOC efficacy. Considering the availability of potent and non-toxic PDE4D inhibitors, clinically approved EGFR and PARP1 inhibitors, our findings have great translational potential.
Citation Format: Ozge Saatci, Mein Cetin, Meral Uner, Unal Metin Tokat, Ioulia Chatzistamou, Pelin Gulizar Ersan, Elodie Montaudon, Aytekin Akyol, Sercan Aksoy, Aysegul Uner, Elisabetta Marangoni, Mathew Sajish, Ozgur Sahin. Toxic PARP trapping upon cAMP-induced DNA damage reinstates the efficacy of endocrine therapy and CDK4/6 inhibitors in treatment-refractory ER+ breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: DNA Damage Repair: From Basic Science to Future Clinical Application; 2024 Jan 9-11; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A008.