bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data driven models of the Madden-Julian Oscillation: understanding its evolution and ENSO modulation
Authors: Díaz Nicolás , Barreiro Marcelo , Rubido Nicolás 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the physical mechanisms of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) and its evolution is a major concern within the climate community. Its main importance relies on its ability to act as a source of predictability within the intra-seasonal time-scale in tropical and extratropical regions, therefore filling the gap between weather and climate forecasts. However, most atmospheric general circulation models fail to correctly represent MJO’s evolution, and their prediction skills are still far from MJO’s theoretical predictability. In this work we infer low dimensional models of the MJO from data by applying a recently developed machine learning technique, the Sparse Identification of Non-linear Dynamics (SINDy). We use the daily-mean outgoing longwave radiation MJO index (OMI) as input data to infer bi-dimensional climatological models of the MJO, and analyse the inferred models during El Niño and La Niña years. This approach allows us to diagnose the MJO’s behaviour in OMI’s phase space. Our results show that MJO can be most frequently represented by a harmonic oscillator, which represents the MJO’s eastward propagation and characteristic period. Upon this basic oscillatory behaviour, we find that small non-linear corrections play a fundamental role in representing MJO’s non-uniform speed of propagation, explaining its acceleration over the Pacific Ocean region. Particularly, we find that MJO’s evolution is most frequently non-linear [linear] during El Niño [La Niña] years. Overall, our work shows that SINDy can robustly model MJO’s evolution as a linear oscillator with small non-linear corrections, contributing to understand the MJO’s dynamics and dependency on El Niño-Southern Oscillation.
What controls the interannual variation of Hadley cell extent in the Northern Hemisphere: physical mechanism and empirical model for edge variation
Authors: Seo Kyong-Hwan , Yoon Sang-Pil , Lu Jian , Hu Yongyun , Staten Paul W. , Frierson Dargan M. W. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe Hadley circulation is the most prominent atmospheric meridional circulation, reducing the radiatively driven equator-to-pole temperature gradient. While the Hadley cell extent varies by several degrees from year to year, the detailed dynamical mechanisms behind such variations have not been well elucidated. During the expanded phase of the Hadley cell, many regions on the periphery of the subtropics experience unfavorable climatic conditions. In this study, using ERA5 reanalysis data, we examine the physical chain of events responsible for the interannual variation of the Hadley cell edge (HCE) latitude in the Northern Hemisphere. This variation is mainly caused by changing eddy activity and wave breaking from both stationary and transient waves. In particular, we show that transient waves cause the HCE to shift poleward by increasing the eddy momentum flux divergence (EMFD) and reducing the baroclinicity over 20°–40°N, shifting the region of peak baroclinicity poleward. El Niño/La Niña and the Arctic Oscillation (AO) account for a significant portion (60%) of the interannual fluctuation of the HCE latitude. Through the poleward displacement of eddy activity, La Niña and a positive AO state are associated with the poleward shift of the HCE. The analysis of 28 CMIP5 models reveals statistical relationships between EMFD, vertical shear, and HCE latitude similar to those observed.
A systematic review and narrative analysis of digital speech biomarkers in Motor Neuron Disease
Authors: Bowden Molly , Beswick Emily , Tam Johnny , Perry David , Smith Alice , Newton Judy , Chandran Siddharthan , Watts Oliver , Pal Suvankar 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMotor Neuron Disease (MND) is a progressive and largely fatal neurodegeneritve disorder with a lifetime risk of approximately 1 in 300. At diagnosis, up to 25% of people with MND (pwMND) exhibit bulbar dysfunction. Currently, pwMND are assessed using clinical examination and diagnostic tools including the ALS Functional Rating Scale Revised (ALS-FRS(R)), a clinician-administered questionnaire with a single item on speech intelligibility. Here we report on the use of digital technologies to assess speech features as a marker of disease diagnosis and progression in pwMND. Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline and EMBASE were systematically searched. 40 studies were evaluated including 3670 participants; 1878 with a diagnosis of MND. 24 studies used microphones, 5 used smartphones, 6 used apps, 2 used tape recorders and 1 used the Multi-Dimensional Voice Programme (MDVP) to record speech samples. Data extraction and analysis methods varied but included traditional statistical analysis, CSpeech, MATLAB and machine learning (ML) algorithms. Speech features assessed also varied and included jitter, shimmer, fundamental frequency, intelligible speaking rate, pause duration and syllable repetition. Findings from this systematic review indicate that digital speech biomarkers can distinguish pwMND from healthy controls and can help identify bulbar involvement in pwMND. Preliminary evidence suggests digitally assessed acoustic features can identify more nuanced changes in those affected by voice dysfunction. No one digital speech biomarker alone is consistently able to diagnose or prognosticate MND. Further longitudinal studies involving larger samples are required to validate the use of these technologies as diagnostic tools or prognostic biomarkers.
The HEDGEHOG-GLI1 pathway is important for fibroproliferative properties in keloids and as a candidate therapeutic target
Authors: Tosa Mamiko , Abe Yoshinori , Egawa Seiko , Hatakeyama Tomoka , Iwaguro Chihiro , Mitsugi Ryotaro , Moriyama Ayaka , Sano Takumi , Ogawa Rei , Tanaka Nobuyuki 
Published: December 2023

AbstractKeloids are benign fibroproliferative skin tumors caused by aberrant wound healing that can negatively impact patient quality of life. The lack of animal models has limited research on pathogenesis or developing effective treatments, and the etiology of keloids remains unknown. Here, we found that the characteristics of stem-like cells from keloid lesions and the surrounding dermis differ from those of normal skin. Furthermore, the HEDGEHOG (HH) signal and its downstream transcription factor GLI1 were upregulated in keloid patient–derived stem-like cells. Inhibition of the HH-GLI1 pathway reduced the expression of genes involved in keloids and fibrosis-inducing cytokines, including osteopontin. Moreover, the HH signal inhibitor vismodegib reduced keloid reconstituted tumor size and keloid-related gene expression in nude mice and the collagen bundle and expression of cytokines characteristic for keloids in ex vivo culture of keloid tissues. These results implicate the HH-GLI1 pathway in keloid pathogenesis and suggest therapeutic targets of keloids.
CRISPRi gene modulation and all-optical electrophysiology in post-differentiated human iPSC-cardiomyocytes
Authors: Han Julie L. , Heinson Yuli W. , Chua Christianne J. , Liu Wei , Entcheva Emilia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUncovering gene-phenotype relationships can be enabled by precise gene modulation in human induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) and follow up phenotyping using scalable all-optical electrophysiology platforms. Such efforts towards human functional genomics can be aided by recent CRISPR-derived technologies for reversible gene inhibition or activation (CRISPRi/a). We set out to characterize the performance of CRISPRi in post-differentiated iPSC-CMs, targeting key cardiac ion channel genes, KCNH2, KCNJ2, and GJA1, and providing a multiparametric quantification of the effects on cardiac repolarization, stability of the resting membrane potential and conduction properties using all-optical tools. More potent CRISPRi effectors, e.g., Zim3, and optimized viral delivery led to improved performance on par with the use of CRISPRi iPSC lines. Confirmed mild yet specific phenotype changes when CRISPRi is deployed in non-dividing differentiated heart cells is an important step towards more holistic pre-clinical cardiotoxicity testing and for future therapeutic use in vivo.
Mapping and comparing fMRI connectivity networks across species
Authors: Pagani Marco , Gutierrez‐Barragan Daniel , de Guzman A. Elizabeth , Xu Ting , Gozzi Alessandro 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTechnical advances in neuroimaging, notably in fMRI, have allowed distributed patterns of functional connectivity to be mapped in the human brain with increasing spatiotemporal resolution. Recent years have seen a growing interest in extending this approach to rodents and non-human primates to understand the mechanism of fMRI connectivity and complement human investigations of the functional connectome. Here, we discuss current challenges and opportunities of fMRI connectivity mapping across species. We underscore the critical importance of physiologically decoding neuroimaging measures of brain (dys)connectivity via multiscale mechanistic investigations in animals. We next highlight a set of general principles governing the organization of mammalian connectivity networks across species. These include the presence of evolutionarily conserved network systems, a dominant cortical axis of functional connectivity, and a common repertoire of topographically conserved fMRI spatiotemporal modes. We finally describe emerging approaches allowing comparisons and extrapolations of fMRI connectivity findings across species. As neuroscientists gain access to increasingly sophisticated perturbational, computational and recording tools, cross-species fMRI offers novel opportunities to investigate the large-scale organization of the mammalian brain in health and disease.
Advancing peristalsis deciphering in mouse small intestine by multi-parameter tracking
Authors: Sasidharan Anusree , Peethambar Breman Anil , Kumar Keerthi Santhosh , Kumar Ashok V. , Hiregange Arun , Fawkes Neil , Collins James F. , Grosche Astrid , Vidyasagar Sadasivan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAssessing gastrointestinal motility lacks simultaneous evaluation of intraluminal pressure (ILP), circular muscle (CM) and longitudinal muscle (LM) contraction, and lumen emptying. In this study, a sophisticated machine was developed that synchronized real-time recordings to quantify the intricate interplay between CM and LM contractions, and their timings for volume changes using high-resolution cameras with machine learning capability, the ILP using pressure transducers and droplet discharge (DD) using droplet counters. Results revealed four distinct phases, BPhase, NPhase, DPhase, and APhase, distinguished by pressure wave amplitudes. Fluid filling impacted LM strength and contraction frequency initially, followed by CM contraction affecting ILP, volume, and the extent of anterograde, retrograde, and segmental contractions during these phases that result in short or long duration DD. This comprehensive analysis sheds light on peristalsis mechanisms, understand their sequence and how one parameter influenced the other, offering insights for managing peristalsis by regulating smooth muscle contractions.
Spatial controls of methane uptake in upland soils across climatic and geological regions in Greenland
Authors: D’Imperio Ludovica , Li Bing-Bing , Tiedje James M. , Oh Youmi , Christiansen Jesper Riis , Kepfer-Rojas Sebastian , Westergaard-Nielsen Andreas , Brandt Kristian Koefoed , Holm Peter E. , Wang Peiyan , Ambus Per , Elberling Bo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn the Arctic, the spatiotemporal variation of net methane uptake in upland soils depends on unresolved interactive controls between edaphic and microbial factors not yet included in current models, underpinning the uncertainty of upscaling the Arctic methane budget. Here we show that upland soils in Greenland are consistent methane sinks (−1.83 ± 0.19 nmol methane g−1 dw d−1) across a N-S (64–83 °N) pedoclimatic transect. We demonstrate that methane oxidizers abundance, soil pH, and available soil copper are important controls on the spatial variation in methane oxidation. We revised a soil biogeochemical model with a high-resolution land classification and meteorological data for Greenland and tested it against our methane uptake measurements. The model simulated well the magnitudes of observed methane uptake but not the spatial variation across all sites. This work provides novel insights into the controls of methane uptake, which are critical for the accuracy of methane budgets.
Therapeutic efficacy of AAV-mediated restoration of PKP2 in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Kyriakopoulou Eirini , Versteeg Danielle , de Ruiter Hesther , Perini Ilaria , Seibertz Fitzwilliam , Döring Yannic , Zentilin Lorena , Tsui Hoyee , van Kampen Sebastiaan J. , Tiburcy Malte , Meyer Tim , Voigt Niels , Tintelen van J. Peter , Zimmermann Wolfram H. , Giacca Mauro , van Rooij Eva 
Published: December 2023

AbstractArrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy is a severe cardiac disorder characterized by lethal arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death, with currently no effective treatment. Plakophilin 2 (PKP2) is the most frequently affected gene. Here we show that adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated delivery of PKP2 in PKP2c.2013delC/WT induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes restored not only cardiac PKP2 levels but also the levels of other junctional proteins, found to be decreased in response to the mutation. PKP2 restoration improved sodium conduction, indicating rescue of the arrhythmic substrate in PKP2 mutant induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Additionally, it enhanced contractile function and normalized contraction kinetics in PKP2 mutant engineered human myocardium. Recovery of desmosomal integrity and cardiac function was corroborated in vivo, by treating heterozygous Pkp2c.1755delA knock-in mice. Long-term treatment with AAV9–PKP2 prevented cardiac dysfunction in 12-month-old Pkp2c.1755delA/WT mice, without affecting wild-type mice. These findings encourage clinical exploration of PKP2 gene therapy for patients with PKP2 haploinsufficiency.
Co-localization of influenza A virus and voltage-dependent calcium channels provides new perspectives on the internalization process in pigs
Authors: Kristensen Charlotte , Jensen Henrik E. , Trebbien Ramona , Ryt-Hansen Pia , Larsen Lars E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractInfluenza A virus (IAV) is an RNA virus that causes respiratory disease in a wide range of mammals including humans and pigs. Cav1.2 is a specific voltage-dependent calcium channel (VDCC) important for the internalization of IAV and VDCC inhibitors can decrease IAV disease severity in mice. In this paper, the distribution pattern of a range of VDCCs by immunohistochemistry and Cav1.2 by in situ hybridization in the porcine respiratory tract is documented for the first time. Furthermore, we showed co-localization of VDCC-positive and IAV-positive cells in experimentally infected pigs. These findings provide new perspectives on the IAV internalization process and pave the way for further research investigating the effect of VDDC inhibitors on the IAV infection dynamics in pigs, which could have relevance to humans too.
Enwrapping ZnIn2S4 on vacancy-rich Nb2O5 nanoplates for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Liu Yong-Qi , Yi Wen-Jing , Li Chuan-Qi , Du Xin , Liu Zhong-Yi , Yue Xin-Zheng 
Published: December 2023

Effective separation of photogenerated charge carriers, enhanced reduction ability of conduction band electrons, and improved light harvesting ability are crucial for the significant improvement of photocatalytic H2 evolution activity over Z-scheme ZnIn2S4/v-Nb2O5 heterojunction.
Design of synchronous frequency dividers in 5‐nm FinFET CMOS technology
Authors: Kossel Marcel , Francese Pier Andrea , Brändli Matthias , Ruffino Andrea , Morf Thomas 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA method is presented for the design of high‐speed frequency dividers in which the divided output signals are phase aligned by means of a scheme based on cascaded retiming. The objective of the design method proposed is to break the accumulation of propagation delay occurring in a divider chain that may limit the speed of the phase synchronization. Compared to alternative approaches where the phase synchronization is achieved with additional logical gates applied to the divider outputs, the authors’ approach only uses latches that are identical to those already employed in the divider chain itself without any additional synchronization logic. Hence, a better uniformity and homogeneity of the layout can be achieved, which helps improve the phase balancing. The method proposed to design synchronous dividers has been implemented in 5‐nm FinFET CMOS technology by means of a synchronous 8b‐counter providing the division factors 1/2 through 1/256. Its output phase synchronization has been verified in measurements at 10 GHz. The measured power consumption is 720 μW and the silicon area of the divider implemented is 79 μm2.
Adaptive transient overvoltage control strategy for wind farm based on data‐driven method
Authors: Liu Xiaofei , Zhang Pei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTo achieve the transient overvoltage suppression of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) terminals and the point of common coupling (PCC) in the wind farm (WF), an adaptive overvoltage control strategy based on data‐driven approach is proposed. Firstly, the PCC reactive power demand and DFIG overvoltage threshold are derived, respectively. Secondly, three regression models are developed through surface fitting to determine three variables: the maximum overvoltage of each DFIG, the PCC maximum overvoltage, and the reactive power demand of each DFIG. Subsequently, the K‐means clustering method is adopted to group all DFIGs, and then the reactive power requirement of the PCC is proportionally distributed to each group of DFIGs. Lastly, a coordinated control strategy of DFIGs and static var generator (SVG) is designed based on the values of three regression models, which can adaptively adjust the reactive power absorbed by each DFIG and SVG. In particular, the de‐load control is adopted to enlarge the maximum reactive power capacity of DFIG. The simulation results show that the proposed control strategy can timely and effectively restore the transient overvoltage of the wind farm to the normal range during the gird failure, ensuring the stable operation of the wind farm.
Koopman model predictive control based load modulation for primary frequency regulation
Authors: Husham Ahmed , Kamwa Innocent , Suprême Hussein 
Published: December 2023

AbstractConventional power systems function under the assumption that loads are uncontrollable, and that the generation control is the primary means of preserving system voltage, frequency, and stability. Thanks to recent advancements of power electronics technology and communication schemes, demand‐side resources are now capable of providing fast frequency regulation. Controllable loads can provide upward/downward reserve during frequency excursions. In this paper, the authors consider collective contribution of large clusters of controllable loads which modulate their aggregate demand power to regulate the primary frequency. Koopman model predictive control is designed to handle local frequency variations caused by various disturbances at each load bus, considering uncertain load models. The efficacy of the proposed method has been validated using the New‐England power system considering two scenarios, namely, load variation, and generation outage.
The recent development of protection coordination schemes based on inverse of AC microgrid: A review
Authors: Alasali Feras , Mustafa Haytham , Saidi Abdelaziz Salah , El‐Naily Naser , Abeid Salima , Holderbaum William , Omran Emad , Saad Saad M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntegration of distributed generation systems and diversity of microgrid operations led to a change in the structure of the power system. Due to this conversion, new challenges have arisen when employing traditional overcurrent protection schemes. As a consequence, non‐classical protection schemes have attracted significant attention in the last few years. Engineers and scholars have proposed different non‐standard methods to increase the power protection system and ensure the highly selectivity performance. Although the non‐standard characteristics and their requirements, in general, have been outlined and analyzed in the available literature, protection coordination based on voltage current–time inverse, as a branch of non‐standard optimization methods, has not yet been thoroughly discussed, compared, or debated in detail. To close this gap, this review introduces a broad overview of recent research and developments of the voltage current–time inverse based protection coordination. Focuses on assessing the potential advantages and disadvantages of related studies and provide a classification and analysis of these studies. The future trends and some recommendations have been included in this review for improving fault detection sensitivity and coordination reliability.
Effect of matrix resin components on properties of the semi‐conductive shielding material for high‐voltage cable
Authors: Li Guochang , Liu Tianyao , Chen Xiaolong , Wei Yanhui , Hao Chuncheng , Li Shengtao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe semi‐conductive shielding layer is an important part of the high‐voltage cable, playing a role in uniform electric field and reducing the air gap at the interface. The overall performance of the cable is affected by the semi‐conductive shielding layer with different base resin composition. The matrix resins of ethylene‐vinyl acetate (EVA), ethylene‐ethyl acrylate (EEA) and ethylene‐butyl acrylate (EBA) were used to prepare the semi‐conductive shielding materials of CB/EVA, CB/EEA and CB/EBA. The influences of different matrix resins on the chemical, electrical, thermal and mechanical properties of the shielding materials were investigated. The results show that CB has the best dispersion in EBA resin and the worst dispersion in EEA resin. The temperature inflection points of CB/EVA, CB/EEA and CB/EBA shielding materials are 90°C, 100°C and 110°C, respectively, and the CB/EBA shielding material has the lowest resistivity and the weakest positive temperature coefficient effect at room temperature. The thermal conductivity of all three matrix resins is smaller than that of the shielding material, the thermal conductivity of CB/EVA and CB/EBA shielding materials show a slow increase with temperature, and the CB/EEA shielding material is the least affected by the temperature. The mechanical properties of the three matrix resins and the three shielding materials are EBA > EVA > EEA, among them the stress of CB/EBA shielding material is 31.0 MPa and the strain is 570%. This work has important reference significance for the selection of shielding layer matrix resin and material formulation in engineering applications.