bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of automated plateletpheresis on systemic levels of hematopoietic growth factors
Authors: Weisbach V. , Friedlein H. , Glaser A. , Zingsem J. , Zimmermann R. , Eckstein R. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Megakaryocytopoiesis and platelet production are regulated by several hematopoietic growth factors. The present study focuses on the effects of automated plateletpheresis on systemic levels of different hematopoietic growth factors.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Platelet count, mean platelet volume, and serum levels of thrombopoietin, erythropoietin, interleukin‐1β, interleukin‐6, and stem cell factor in 21 healthy donors were measured before platelet collection, after the first half of the apheresis procedure, at the end of apheresis, and on Days 1, 2, and 7 thereafter.RESULTS: Thrombopoietin levels (initial level: 49.5 ± 25.5 pg/mL) showed a significant increase between measurements taken at the end of apheresis and Day 1 (56.9 ± 26.7 pg/mL; p = 0.01). There was a highly significant decrease in stem cell factor levels during apheresis (p<0.0005), reaching preapheresis values (1679 ± 210 pg/mL) on Day 1. A highly significant increase in erythropoietin levels (initial level: 7.5 ± 4.0 U/L) was seen after apheresis (p<0.0005 on Days 1 and 2). The level remained significantly elevated until Day 7 (p = 0.004). Interleukin‐1β and interleukin‐6 levels (before donation: 1.4 ± 1.8 pg/mL and 1.1 ± 0.7 pg/mL, respectively) did not change during the observation period. Thrombopoietin levels correlated consistently and inversely with stem cell factor levels after apheresis (Day 1, r = ‐0.46, p = 0.035; Day 2, r = ‐0.50, p = 0.02; Day 7, r = ‐0.50, p = 0.02).CONCLUSION: The data show a coordinated response of the hematopoietic system to platelet loss. It is suggested that the decrease in serum stem cell factor levels during apheresis reflects the consumption of stem cell factor by early hematopoietic progenitors that expand to initiate early megakaryocytopoiesis. The temporary increase in thrombopoietin is the result of platelet loss and serves as a stimulus for subsequent thrombopoiesis. The pronounced elevation of erythropoietin after apheresis suggests a role for this primarily erythropoietic cytokine in thrombopoiesis, too.
Absence of human T‐lymphotropic virus type I tax sequences in a population of normal blood donors in the Baltimore, MD/Washington, DC, area: results from a multicenter study
Authors: Cowan E.P. , Nemo G.J. , Williams A.E. , Alexander R.K. , Vallejo A. , Hewlett I.K. , Lal R.B. , Dezzutti C.S. , Gallahan D. , George K. , Pancake B.A. , Zucker‐Franklin D. , McCurdy P.R. , Tabor E. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: It was reported recently that sequences corresponding to the human T‐lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV‐I) tax gene were detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 8 to 11 percent of healthy blood donors without detectable antibodies to HTLV‐I. A multicenter blind study was conducted to determine if these results could be independently confirmed.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Specimens were collected from 100 anti‐HTLV‐I‐negative healthy blood donors and from 11 anti‐HTLV‐I‐ or anti‐HTLV‐II‐positive individuals. All samples were coded and distributed to each of four independent testing laboratories for polymerase chain reaction analysis to detect sequences of the HTLV‐I or HTLV‐II tax gene, using detailed procedures specified by the laboratory reporting the original observation. Each laboratory also tested a dilution panel of a plasmid containing HTLV‐I tax to determine the analytical sensitivity of the procedure.RESULTS: The analytical sensitivity of the screening methods permitted detection of as few as 1 to 10 copies of the tax gene. However, HTLV‐I tax sequences could not be detected in any of the anti‐HTLV‐I‐negative blood donors at more than one test site.CONCLUSION: HTLV‐I tax sequences appear not to be present in this population of 100 blood donors negative for anti‐HTLV‐I.
Erythropoietin and preoperative autologous blood donation in the prevention of hepatitis C infection:necessity or luxury?
Authors: Woronoff‐Lemsi M.‐C. , Arveux P. , Limat S. , Morel P. , Le Pen C. , Cahn J.‐Y. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Prevention of exposure to allogeneic blood transfusion during surgery is an important financial issue when recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) is used in addition to preoperative blood donation.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The aim of this study was to carry out a cost‐effectiveness analysis of the use of rHuEPO in preoperative blood donation in orthopedic surgery. The study, based on a decision tree analysis of the use of rHuEPO, was conducted from the perspective of the French health care system. The efficacy criterion was the number of hepatitis C infections prevented. The decision tree analysis was constructed as follows: the residual risk of hepatitis C infection was 8.26 per million units transfused, and the chance node was defined according to the number of units transfused.RESULTS: With the use of rHuEPO in preoperative blood donation, 0.30562 cases of hepatitis C infection per 100,000 patients were prevented. The incremental cost of one prevented hepatitis C infection amounted to $888,000,000 (US).CONCLUSION: Despite the limitations of our model, the cost‐effectiveness ratio was so large that variations only slightly modified the size of the result. From the societal perspective, it was not cost‐effective to add rHuEPO to preoperative blood donation.
Anomaly of the des‐Arg9‐bradykinin metabolism associated with severe hypotensive reactions during blood transfusions: a preliminary study
Authors: Cyr M. , Hume H.A. , Champagne M. , Sweeney J.D. , Blais C. , Gervais N. , Adam A. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Severe hypotensive reactions have been described after the transfusion of platelets or red cells through negatively‐charged bedside white cellreduction filters. The possibility of a role for bradykinin (BK) in the genesis of these reactions has been raised.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: To understand if an anomaly of BK metabolism is associated with these reactions, the metabolism of BK and des‐Arg9‐BK was studied in the sera of four patients who presented with a severe hypotensive transfusion reaction. Tests were performed in the absence and the presence of complete in vitro inhibition of angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) activity by enalaprilat.RESULTS: In the presence of ACE inhibition (enalaprilat), the half‐life (t½) of BK measured in the sera of patients who presented with a severe hypotensive transfusion reaction (361 ± 90 sec) was not significantly different from that measured in the sera of normal controls (249 ± 16 sec). In the presence of ACE inhibition (enalaprilat), the t½ of des‐Arg9‐BK was significantly greater in patients who presented with a severe hypotensive transfusion reaction (1549 ± 319 sec) than in normal controls (661 ± 38 sec) (p<0.001).CONCLUSION: A metabolic anomaly mainly affecting the degradation of des‐Arg9‐BK could be responsible for its accumulation in vivo. Des‐Arg9‐BK could be responsible, at least in part, for severe hypotensive transfusion reactions.
Measurement of red cell survival using biotin‐labeled red cells: validation against51Cr‐labeled red cells
Authors: Mock Donald M. , Lankford Gary L. , Widness John A. , Burmeister Leon F. , Kahn Daniel , Strauss Ronald G. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND:Anemia is a serious problem in the fetus and preterm infant. To investigate the physiology and pathophysiology of anemia and to assess responses to blood transfusions and erythropoietin therapy, measurement of circulating red cell survival would be useful.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:Because the standard51Cr method exposes the patient or subject to radiation, a practical, accurate method for measuring red cell survival was developed on the basis of determining the number of biotin‐labeled red cells that persist in the circulation by using fluorescein‐labeled avidin and flow cytometry. In addition, disappearance of total biotin label was measured by using125I‐streptavidin. Results of each detection method were compared to red cell survival measured by the standard51Cr method.RESULTS:Biotinylated cells persisted in circulation with life spans approaching normal. Despite near‐normal persistence in circulation of the biotin‐labeled cells, about one‐half of the biotin label left the circulation over the first few weeks, causing early curvilinear disappearance. This observation is consistent with the hypothesis that about one‐half of the biotin label leaves the red cells. However, about one‐half of the biotin was permanently attached, which produced linear disappearance and approximately normal life span estimates for the linear survival curve appearing after the first few weeks.CONCLUSION:Red cell survival can be measured accurately in humans using enumeration of biotinylated red cells. The method is practical and does not expose the patient to radiation.
Male fetuses are particularly affected by maternal alloimmunization to D antigen
Authors: Ulm Barbara , Svolba Gerhard , Ulm Martin R. , Bernaschek Gerhard , Panzer Simon 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: It is hypothesized that male fetuses are more severely affected by fetomaternal alloimmunization to D antigen than female fetuses.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: One hundred four consecutive pregnancies with single D+ fetuses (51 males, 53 females) and maternal anti‐D titers >16 were analyzed retrospectively.RESULT: Sixty fetuses (58%) received intrauterine transfusions. Male fetuses required more transfusions than females (5.0 vs. 2.0, p = 0.0001). At the initial transfusion, male fetuses had a lower gestational age (24.5 vs. 31.0 weeks, p = 0.0007), cord blood hemoglobin content (6.45 vs. 8.75 g/dL, p = 0.01), and hematocrit (19.8 vs. 26.8%, p = 0.004) than female fetuses. After adjustment for maternal gravidity, parity, and history of affected offspring, the odds ratio for development of hydrops by male fetuses was 13.1 (95% Cl 2.69–63.6, p = 0.001). Perinatal mortality was higher in male (18%) fetuses than in female (6%) (adjusted odds ratio for males 3.38; 95% Cl 0.59–19.46, p = 0.17).CONCLUSION: Male fetuses are particularly affected by maternal alloimmunization to D and require more intense antepartum surveillance than female fetuses.
A case‐controlled multicenter study of vasovagal reactions in blood donors: influence of sex, age, donation status, weight, blood pressure, and pulse
Authors: Trouern‐Trend Jonathan J. , Cable Ritchard G. , Badon Stanley J. , Newman Bruce H. , Popovsky Mark A. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Vasovagal reactions occur in a small, but significant number of blood donors. These reactions may decrease return donation and disrupt blood collection activities. The purpose of this study was to define the contributory role of sex, age, weight, blood pressure, and pulse in vasovagal reactions with syncope in blood donors.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A retrospective case‐control study involved 1890 blood donors with syncope from three large United States blood centers during 1994 and 1995. Case controls and random population controls were used in a logistic regression analysis to determine the significance of individual variables to syncopal reactions.RESULTS: Female donors, young donors, first‐time donors, low‐weight donors, and donors with low predonation blood pressure had higher absolute donation reaction rates than other donors. When each variable was adjusted for other variables by regression analysis, age, weight, and donation status (first‐time or repeat donor) were significant (p<0.0001), and sex, predonation blood pressure, and predonation pulse were not. The most important variables, in descending order, were age, weight, and donation status (first‐time or repeat donor).CONCLUSIONS: Donation‐related vasovagal syncopal reactions are a multifactorial process determined largely by age, weight, and first‐time donor status.
Viral safety of solvent/detergent‐treated plasma
Authors: Solheim B.G. , Rollag H. , Svennevig J.L. , Arafa O. , Fosse E. , Bergerud U. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Pooling of plasma donations increases the risk for blood‐borne infections. In solvent/detergent (SD)‐treated plasma, lipid‐enveloped viruses are efficiently inactivated. This method, however, does not affect non‐lipid‐enveloped viruses. The current study investigated the viral safety of SD‐treated plasma (Octaplas) and paid particular attention to the transmission of non‐lipid‐enveloped viruses.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The study comprised 343 adults undergoing cardiac surgery. Follow‐up was performed 6 to 12 months and 2 years after operation. The sera were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen and specific antibodies against hepatitis A, B, and C; cyto‐megalovirus; HIV, human T‐lymphotropic virus types I and II; and human parvovirus B19 (B19). A total of 25 batches of SD‐treated plasma prepared from Norwegian plasma were used. All batches were tested for hepatitis A virus and B19 by nucleic acid amplification testing and investigated for neutralizing antibodies directed against these viruses.RESULTS: In patients who received SD‐treated plasma, B19 seroconversion occurred at a rate similar to that in nontransfused patients. No other seroconversions could be ascribed to the transfusion of SD‐treated plasma. All 25 SD‐treated plasma batches contained neutralizing antibodies against hepatitis A virus and B19. In nucleic amplification testing, all SD‐treated plasma batches tested positive for B19, while five demonstrated borderline reactions for hepatitis A virus.CONCLUSION: Transfusion of SD‐treated plasma was found to be safe with regard to lipid‐enveloped viruses. Immune antibodies neutralize viral particles in plasma and are of importance in avoiding clinical disease with the non‐lipid‐enveloped hepatitis A virus and B19.
Analysis of factors affecting quantification of fetomaternal hemorrhage by flow cytometry
Authors: Kumpel Belinda M. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: An analysis was carried out to determine the sources and extent of errors encountered in the quantitation of the volume of fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH) by flow cytometry. Different assay conditions were compared, to define the simplest, most accurate protocol.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: D–, D+, and artificial FMH (mixtures of D+ and D– RBCs) were stained either by a direct method (using FITC‐conjugated IgG3 D MoAb [BRAD‐3]), with or without dual labeling with PE‐conjugated anti‐GPA, or by indirect methods (using polyclonal anti‐D followed by FITC‐ or biotin‐conjugated anti‐IgG reagents). Cells were selected for flow cytometric analysis on the basis of either forward or side scatter (log FSC/log SSC) characteristics or of GPA+ labeling or were unselected. The numbers of events labeled with anti‐D were determined from histograms. For some samples, 10 replicates of 500,000 events each were analyzed.RESULTS: Background fluorescent events in 10 directly labeled gated D– samples ranged from 0.007 to 0.023 percent, equivalent to 0.15‐ to 0.51‐mL FMH. Both the use of a gate on log FSC/SSC or the selection of GPA+ events only resulted in a reduction in FMH of 0.3 mL or less. The intra‐assay variation in FMH, or sampling error, was found to be approximately 10 percent at low artificial FMH (<10 mL) but greater (≤50% with a CV of 15%) with D– samples. Direct staining was quicker and produced a lower background than indirect staining.CONCLUSION: The inherent sampling error that is due to the random distribution of rare events throughout the blood sample contributed greatly to the variation in the volume of FMH calculated by flow cytometry. The FMH should not be underestimated. For a routine assay, a simplified protocol and calculation will be sufficiently accurate to determine the dose of prophylactic anti‐D that should be given to the patient.
Expression of C antigen in transduced K562 cells
Authors: Smythe Jonathan S. , Anstee David J. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: The Rh blood group system is involved in HDN and transfusion reactions. A retrovirus‐expression system was previously used to show that polypeptides carrying the Rh blood group antigens are encoded by the RHD and RHCE genes. This study investigated the structure of the C antigen.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: K562 cells were transduced with full‐length cDNA encoding Ce and CE antigens, and the expression of C, e, and E antigens was examined by flow cytometry using MoAbs. The importance of Cys16 in C antigen expression was examined by utilizing site‐directed mutagenesis to convert Cys16 to Trp in cDNA encoding Ce and CE before expression in K562 cells.RESULTS: When K562 cells were transduced with cDNA that was predicted to encode Ce antigens, clear reactivity with anti‐e and anti‐C was obtained. In contrast, K562 cells transduced with cDNA that was predicted to encode CE antigens gave strong reactivity with anti‐E but failed to react with two examples of anti‐C. A third example of anti‐C gave weak reactivity. When cDNA encoding Ce antigens was mutated to encode Trp16, one example of anti‐C had the same reactivity with the mutated polypeptide as with the wild‐type molecule, but reactivity with two other anti‐C examples was reduced by 50 percent.CONCLUSIONS: The nature of polymorphic residue 226 (proline when E is expressed, alanine when e is expressed) has a marked effect on the epitopes recognized by the three C MoAbs studied. The presence of Cys16 in Ce polypeptides influences the presentation of the C epitope recognized by two of the three MoAbs. These experiments provide the first direct demonstration that C and E/e antigens can be expressed on the same polypeptide.
PBPC mobilization with chemotherapy and G–CSF in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia: quantification of bcr/abl‐positive cells by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization and competitive PCR
Authors: Keil Felix , Mitterbauer Gerlinde , Chen Xiao , Haas Oskar A. , Kalhs Peter , Lechner Klaus , Mannhalter Christine , Moser Karin , Worel Nina , Pirc‐Danoewinata Hendrate , Louda Norbert , Loidolt Heidrun , Rabitsch Werner , Greinix Hildegard T. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Autografting of normal stem cells mobilized after chemotherapy is increasingly used in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Thus, quantification of possible contamination of progenitor cell apheresis with breakpoint cluster region (bcr)/Abelson murine leukemia (abl)‐positive cells is of great clinical interest.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Two molecular methods were compared to quantify bcr/abl positivity in leukapheresis components obtained after mobilizing chemotherapy in six patients with CML. To document the efficacy of in vivo purging, the leukapheresis procedures were monitored with interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and quantitative competitive PCR (QC‐PCR) as a ratio of bcr/abl:abl.RESULTS: From the first to the last leukapheresis, bcr/abl positivity in FISH increased from a median of 11 percent to 33 percent. For bcr/abl transcripts, a simultaneous increase in consecutive leukapheresis procedures was seen. The median percentage of bcr cells in a bcr/abl:abl ratio was 3.1 percent in the first apheresis. In the last apheresis after the mobilization with mRNA, the QC‐PCR showed a median of 19.5 percent. FISH and QC‐PCR showed a statistical significant increase of bcr/abl positivity from the first to the last apheresis.CONCLUSIONS: Both FISH and QC‐PCR were reliable methods of quantifying bcr/abl positivity, and they allowed selection of the optimal apheresis component for autologous transplantation. In both methods, a significant increase in bcr/abl positivity was seen from the first to the last leukapheresis. With FISH, results can be obtained within 24 hours. This method may prevent additional contaminated leukapheresis in case of increasing percentages of bcr/abl‐positive cells.
Diethylenetriaminopentaacetic acid is unsuitable for long‐term preservation of RBCs
Authors: Liu Tsan Zon , Chiu Daniel Tsun Y. , Stern Arnold 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND : The addition of an appropriate metal chelator, such as diethylenetriaminopentaacetic acid (DTPA) to stored blood has been shown to be effective in a short‐term (0‐12 days) prevention of lipid peroxida‐tion of stored RBCs. However, its long‐term effectiveness has not been carefully evaluated.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS : Blood was preserved in simulated blood bank conditions with or without the addition of DTPA for 4 weeks. Aliquots of stored blood were taken weekly from the storage bag and the deformability profile was determined using a custom‐built laser viscodiffractometer. Malondialdehyde (MDA), an index of lipid peroxidation, and the extent of vesiculation of the stored blood were quantified concurrently.RESULTS : It was found that MDA values for DTPA‐supplemented blood at the end of a 28‐day storage period were significantly elevated compared with the DTPA‐free counterpart (23.50 ± 3.2 vs. 16.10 ± 2.5 μM; p<0.05). In addition, DTPA‐supplemented blood was more susceptible to vesiculation than its DTPA‐free counterpart (31.26 ± 4.1 vs. 10.26 ± 1.5% of acetyl cholinesterase release, p<0.001). These data are also in accordance with the finding of the deformability profile result, indicating that DTPA‐supplemented blood exhibits not only a decrease in deformability index, but also a tendency to shift the profile to a lower osmolality compared with that of controls (a dehydration phenomenon).CONCLUSION : Long‐term (0‐28 days) preservation of human RBCs with DTPA caused a gradual increase in MDA production, a progressive enhancement of the severity of vesiculation, and an alteration in the deformability profile. Free‐radical‐mediated oxidative damage is likely to be the culprit for this observed phenomenon. In addition, the direct effect of DTPA on RBC structural integrity must be considered.
Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus sepsis associated with the transfusion of contaminated platelets: a case report
Authors: Sapatnekar Suneeti , Wood Erica M. , Miller John P. , Jacobs Michael R. , Arduino Matthew J. , McAllister Sigrid K. , Kellum Molly E. , Roth Virginia , Yomtovian Roslyn 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Platelet transfusion‐associated sepsis is usually due to donor skin flora introduced into the unit during phlebotomy. An unusual case of a platelet component contaminated with methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is reported.CASE REPORT: A 54‐year‐old man, terminally ill with progressive non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, developed fever and hypotension during a platelet transfusion. He was receiving multiple antibiotics, including vancomycin. Blood cultures taken soon after transfusion were negative. An aliquot taken from the platelet pool grew MRSA at a count of 1.6 × 108 CFUs per mL. One of the individual bags constituting the pool showed MRSA at a count of 5.1 × 108 CFUs per mL. The patient died soon after the platelet transfusion. This case was reported to the FDA and submitted to the BaCon Study. The identity of the isolate and its methicillin resistance were confirmed by the CDC as part of the BaCon Study protocol. The source of contamination of the implicated unit could not be established with certainty.CONCLUSION: The emergence of antimicrobial‐resistant organisms poses additional challenges for the diagnosis and treatment of transfusion‐associated sepsis. Measures to prevent or intercept the transfusion of contaminated platelets should be developed.