bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to cross the desert if you are small and need mountains? Out‐of‐Ethiopia dispersal in Afromontane shrews
Authors: Dianat Malahat , Konečný Adam , Lavrenchenko Leonid A. , Kerbis Peterhans Julian C. , Demos Terrence C. , Nicolas Violaine , Ortiz David , Bryja Josef 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimThe Eastern Afromontane Biodiversity Hotspot (EABH) offers an ideal location to investigate the evolutionary mechanisms producing a high level of endemic biodiversity. We tested the hypothesis that the cradle of Eastern Afromontane diversity is in the largest sub‐region of the EABH montane archipelago, that is the Ethiopian Highlands. Further, we expected that climate oscillations followed by elevational shifts in montane habitats facilitated the dispersal of small mammal populations across unsuitable arid lowlands.LocationMountains and highlands of East Africa.TaxonShrews of the genus Crocidura (Eastern Afromontane phylogenetic clade).MethodsWe collected comprehensive genetic data from 511 (mitochondrial gene for cytochrome b) and 147 (double digest Restriction‐Associated DNA sequencing) samples of Crocidura shrews across the EABH. We estimated phylogenetic relationships with Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood approaches. Population genetic analyses were performed in STRUCTURE to evaluate the internal structure of species outside Ethiopia. Ancestral area and dispersal routes were analysed by the BioGeoBears package.ResultsSix major phylogenomic clades were delimited based on concatenated nuclear loci. The mitochondrial phylogeny roughly matches nuclear phylogenies, but with poorer resolution. Five of the six revealed clades are restricted to the Ethiopian Highlands, which is unambiguously the cradle of the diversity of this group of mammals (also confirmed by the biogeographic analysis). All non‐Ethiopian and a single Ethiopian species fall into the sixth clade with poorly resolved internal relationships. Detailed population genetic analysis of SNP data revealed a pronounced structure with multiple gene pools in this clade; however, this structure only partly corresponds with the current taxonomy.Main ConclusionsEastern Afromontane Crocidura shrews originated in the Ethiopian Highlands. They radiated there, and through a single southward dispersal event across the Turkana depression, they colonised the rest of the EABH in response to diverse geomorphology and climatic changes during the Plio‐Pleistocene.
Medical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation and flutter with class IC antiarrhythmic drugs in young patients with and without congenital heart disease
Authors: Przybylski Robert , Eberly Logan M. , Alexander Mark E. , Bezzerides Vassilios J. , DeWitt Elizabeth S. , Dionne Audrey , Mah Douglas Y. , Triedman John K. , Walsh Edward P. , O'Leary Edward T. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe use of flecainide and propafenone for medical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial flutter/intra‐atrial reentrant tachycardia (IART) is well‐described in adults without congenital heart disease (CHD). Data are sparse regarding their use for the same purpose in adults with CHD and in adolescent patients with anatomically normal hearts and we sought to describe the use of class IC drugs in this population and identify factors associated with decreased likelihood of success.MethodsSingle center retrospective cohort study of patients who received oral flecainide or propafenone for medical cardioversion of AF or IART from 2000 to 2022. The unit of analysis was each episode of AF/IART. We performed a time‐to‐sinus rhythm analysis using a Cox proportional hazards model clustering on the patient to identify factors associated with increased likelihood of success.ResultsWe identified 45 episodes involving 41 patients. As only episodes of AF were successfully cardioverted with medical therapy, episodes of IART were excluded from our analyses. Use of flecainide was the only factor associated with increased likelihood of success. There was a statistically insignificant trend toward decreased likelihood of success in patients with CHD.ConclusionsFlecainide was more effective than propafenone. We did not detect a difference in rate of conversion to sinus rhythm between patients with and without CHD and were likely underpowered to do so, however, there was a trend toward decreased likelihood of success in patients with CHD. That said, medical therapy was effective in >50% of patients with CHD with AF.
Comparison of pulsed‐field ablation versus very high power short duration‐ablation for pulmonary vein isolation
Authors: Wörmann Jonas , Schipper Jan‐Hendrik , Lüker Jakob , van den Bruck Jan‐Hendrik , Filipovic Karlo , Erlhöfer Susanne , Pavel Friederike , Scheurlen Cornelia , Dittrich Sebastian , Steven Daniel , Sultan Arian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe newly introduced nonthermal pulsed field ablation (PFA) is a promising technology to achieve fast pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) with high acute success rates and good safety features. However, previous studies have shown that very high power short duration ablation (VHPSD) is also highly effective and fast to achieve PVI with potentially less arrhythmia recurrence compared to conventional radiofrequency ablation. Data comparing PFA to VHPSD‐PVI is lacking.ObjectiveThis study compared procedural and outcome data for PFA‐PVI to VHPSD‐PVI in patients with paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation (PAF/persAF).MethodsConsecutive patients undergoing de novo PVI (PFA or VHPSD) were included in this analysis. For PFA‐PVI a pentaspline 20 electrode catheter was used. For VHPSD‐PVI an enhanced irrigated catheter with a power setting of 70 W/7 s (70 W/5 s at posterior wall) was employed in conjunction with electro‐anatomical mapping. All procedures were performed in deep analgo‐sedation.ResultsA total of n = 114 patients (n = 57[50%] PFA, n = 17[30%] PAF; n = 40[70%] persAF) were included in this analysis. PVI was successful in all patients. The PFA group revealed a significantly shorter procedure duration (65 ± 17 min vs. 95 ± 23 min, p < 0.01) but longer fluoroscopy time (PFA 15 ± 5 min and VHPSD 12 ± 3 min; p < 0.001). At follow‐up after median 125 days (interquartile range: 109–162) n = 46 PFA (80.7%) and n = 44 VHPSD pts (77.2%) were free from atrial arrhythmia after a single procedure (p = 0.819).Two tamponades occurred in the PFA while in VHPSD two pts suffered groin bleedings. One clinically nonsignificant PV stenosis occurred in the VHPSD group.ConclusionPulsed‐field ablation and VHPSD‐PVI seem to be highly effective and safe to achieve PVI in the setting of PAF and persAF with comparable arrhythmia‐free survival. However, procedure duration for PFA PVI is significantly shorter and therefore may be of potential benefit. Compared to PFA VHPSD‐PVI might ensure information on left atrial substrate allowing to target concomitant secondary tachycardias.
Sublethal effects of chlorantraniliprole on biological characteristics, detoxifying enzyme activity and gene expression profile in the Allium mongolicum Regel leaf beetle Galeruca daurica (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Ren Hao , Zhang Hongling , Tan Yao , Ni Ruoyao , Shan Yanmin , Li Fei , Dai Guixiang , Li Ling , Li Yanyan , Pang Baoping 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAllium mongolicum Regel leaf beetle, Galeruca daurica (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is rampantly harmful in Inner Mongolia grassland. However, the current management strategies for this pest still heavily rely on chemical control using traditional insecticides or those with novel action. In the study, we conducted an indoor bioassay to evaluate the sublethal effects of chlorantraniliprole on the biological characteristics. Additionally, we assessed the activity of detoxification enzymes, specifically the primary enzymes carboxylesterase (CarE) and cytochrome P450, and insect's secondary metabolic enzymes, namely glutathione S‐transferase (GST) and uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferase (UGT), as well as its gene expression profile. The developmental period of the 3rd instar larvae of G. daurica was significantly prolonged after treatment with chlorantraniliprole, which negatively affected the hatching, pupation and diapause rates as well as their body weight. The larvae showed different dynamics of the enzyme activities within 24 h of chlorantraniliprole treatment. Different sublethal concentrations of chlorantraniliprole showed an inducing effect on the activities, while no significant difference in activity was observed for P450. Expression profiling of detoxifying enzyme genes screened by transcriptome data has revealed that 6 CarE, 2 GST, 7 UGT and 31 P450 genes were up‐regulated. In conclusion, chlorantraniliprole's sublethal effect on 3rd instar G. daurica larvae resulted in a deceleration of their growth and developmental processes and significantly increased the activity levels of CarE, GST and UGT. The detoxifying proteins encoded by up‐regulation genes may involve in the detoxification metabolism of chlorantraniliprole. Our results provide a basis for understanding the molecular mechanisms of chlorantraniliprole action and detoxification in this key grassland insect pest.
Analyzing uncertainty in probable maximum precipitation estimation with large ensemble climate simulation data
Authors: Kim Youngkyu , Kim Sunmin , Tachikawa Yasuto 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate probable maximum precipitation (PMP) estimated using surface dew points (SDP) or actual precipitable water obtained from upper‐air data (UAD) in the moisture‐maximization method with the help of sufficient extreme precipitation events using large‐scale climate ensemble simulation data (d4PDF). The deviations between the PMP variables estimated by the SDP and UAD approaches were analyzed for southern and northern areas of Japan to consider the regional characteristics of the deviations. We found that the deviations were high in northern areas where the SDPs are relatively low during precipitation events. The PMPs estimated using each approach were also compared to the extreme‐scale reference precipitation proposed in this study. The SDP approach overestimated the PMPs by over 20% compared to the reference precipitation in the northern region. However, the UAD approach showed very low average errors in all southern and northern areas. This tendency of the SDP approach was significantly related to the regional climatic characteristics of the SDP, which indicated that the SDP approach may estimate an uncertain PMP value depending on each regional climatic characteristic compared to the UAD approach. Regional climatic characteristics should be considered when using the SDP approach to estimate the PMP.
Sustainability transitions require an understanding of smaller cities
Authors: Mohareb Eugene , Perrotti Daniela 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAs we approach an era where more than 60% of the global population lives in cities, urban areas must be our focal point in the transition to the flourishing societies of future decades. While much attention has been paid to understanding urban consumption patterns over the past decade, the overwhelming majority of recent urban metabolism research has focused on larger cities with populations over 1 million inhabitants. Meanwhile, estimates show that more people live in urban areas with populations between 300,000 and 1 million people than in mega cities. Indeed, given their relatively small size, there are many more of these cities to study than larger cities; many more urban governments need to be informed of the solutions that are relevant to the context of their less dense populations. Our goals to decarbonize and dematerialize societies require discussions of measures that are applicable to different types of urban areas across various population scales. We take the example of the town of Reading, United Kingdom to illustrate how per capita urban metabolic flows differ within small‐ and medium‐sized cities, as well as for megacities. For example, relative to Reading, we find that there is substantial variability in energy demand for small cities (i.e., Le Mans is 150% higher) and for larger cities (50% higher for other European and North American megacities). This underscores the need to explore this under‐researched area of urban metabolism, as well as the development of a typology to enable comparisons and differentiate strategies for sustainability transitions.
Paternally imprinted LATE‐FLOWERING2 transcription factor contributes to paternal‐excess interploidy hybridization barriers in wheat
Authors: Yang Guanghui , Feng Man , Yu Kuohai , Cui Guangxian , Zhou Yan , Sun Lv , Gao Lulu , Zhang Yumei , Peng Huiru , Yao Yingyin , Hu Zhaorong , Rossi Vincenzo , De Smet Ive , Ni Zhongfu , Sun Qixin , Xin Mingming 
Published: October 2023

AbstractInterploidy hybridization between hexaploid and tetraploid genotypes occurred repeatedly during genomic introgression events throughout wheat evolution, and is commonly employed in wheat breeding programs. Hexaploid wheat usually serves as maternal parent because the reciprocal cross generates progeny with severe defects and poor seed germination, but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Here, we performed detailed analysis of phenotypic variation in endosperm between two interploidy reciprocal crosses arising from tetraploid (Triticum durum, AABB) and hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum, AABBDD). In the paternal‐ versus the maternal‐excess cross, the timing of endosperm cellularization was delayed and starch granule accumulation in the endosperm was repressed, causing reduced germination percentage. The expression profiles of genes involved in nutrient metabolism differed strongly between these endosperm types. Furthermore, expression patterns of parental alleles were dramatically disturbed in interploidy versus intraploidy crosses, leading to increased number of imprinted genes. The endosperm‐specific TaLFL2 showed a paternally imprinted expression pattern in interploidy crosses partially due to allele‐specific DNA methylation. Paternal TaLFL2 binds to and represses a nutrient accumulation regulator TaNAC019, leading to reduced storage protein and starch accumulation during endosperm development in paternal‐excess cross, as confirmed by interploidy crosses between tetraploid wild‐type and clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR) – CRISPR‐associated protein 9 generated hexaploid mutants. These findings reveal a contribution of genomic imprinting to paternal‐excess interploidy hybridization barriers during wheat evolution history and explains why experienced breeders preferentially exploit maternal‐excess interploidy crosses in wheat breeding programs.
Ultrasound assessment of the nose vasculature: A review of the common method of non‐surgical filler‐based rhinoplasty
Authors: Shekarriz Pantea , Hosseini Farid , Shojaee Pardis 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundWith the increasing use of dermal injectable fillers in aesthetic medicine, the popularity of non‐surgical filler‐based rhinoplasty (NSR) is also growing. While performing this procedure might result in certain vascular complications, injecting deep into the midline of the nose is commonly considered the safest method for blind primary NSR.AimsIn this study, we challenged the common NSR method with a Doppler ultrasound study of the nose.Patients/MethodsThe vascular pattern of the common zones of the NSR procedure (radix and nasal tip) of 21 Iranian women were investigated by using a 14 MHz Doppler handheld ultrasound device (Silarious L14PS). Participants had never undergone any procedure on their nose. We focused on the depth of midline vessels in the radix and nasal tip. The radix was studied sagittally and horizontally, and the nasal tip was examined axially by ultrasound.ResultsIn the radix of eight cases (38%), at least one vessel was observed at midline, and all were superficial. In the nose tip of 18 cases (86%), at least one vessel was observed at midline, and 9 out of these 18 vessels (50%) were deep. As a result, conducting NSR by the common method in our study population was relatively safe in the radix, but there was an increased likelihood of vascular events in the tip.ConclusionOur research results show that while the common method of the NSR may carry a high risk of vascular events, the safety of this procedure could be enhanced by using ultrasound for planning and conducting a tailored treatment.
A structural equation modeling analysis of the effects of nurses' spirituality and spiritual care on professional quality of life
Authors: Ocalan Sinem , Bilgin Aylin , Kovanci Mustafa Sabri 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSpiritual care helps nurses establish a deeper connection with patients and meet their spiritual needs. Spiritual belief is thought to enable nurses to be more effective in their profession and positively affect their quality of life. This study aimed to investigate the effects of nurses' spirituality and spiritual care on quality of life. This study was designed as a descriptive cross‐sectional study using structural equation modeling. A total of 221 nurses were included. Data were collected using the Professional Quality of Life Scale, and Spirituality and Spiritual Care Scale. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlational statistics, and structural equation modeling. Spirituality and spiritual care were negative predictors of burnout and positive predictors of compassion satisfaction. Spirituality and spiritual care decreased the level of burnout in nurses and significantly increased the level of compassion satisfaction. This study suggests raising nurse awareness of spirituality and spiritual care. Supporting nurses with professional training programs, including spiritual care, may benefit their quality of life.
The OsNLP3/4‐OsRFL module regulates nitrogen‐promoted panicle architecture in rice
Authors: Wu Jie , Sun Liang‐Qi , Song Ying , Bai Yu , Wan Guang‐Yu , Wang Jing‐Xian , Xia Jin‐Qiu , Zhang Zheng‐Yi , Zhang Zi‐Sheng , Zhao Zhong , Xiang Cheng‐Bin 
Published: October 2023

Summary
Rice panicles, a major component of yield, are regulated by phytohormones and nutrients. How mineral nutrients promote panicle architecture remains largely unknown.
Here, we report that NIN‐LIKE PROTEIN3 and 4 (OsNLP3/4) are crucial positive regulators of rice panicle architecture in response to nitrogen (N). Loss‐of‐function mutants of either OsNLP3 or OsNLP4 produced smaller panicles with reduced primary and secondary branches and fewer grains than wild‐type, whereas their overexpression plants showed the opposite phenotypes.
The OsNLP3/4‐regulated panicle architecture was positively correlated with N availability. OsNLP3/4 directly bind to the promoter of OsRFL and activate its expression to promote inflorescence meristem development. Furthermore, OsRFL activates OsMOC1 expression by binding to its promoter.
Our findings reveal the novel N‐responsive OsNLP3/4‐OsRFL‐OsMOC1 module that integrates N availability to regulate panicle architecture, shedding light on how N nutrient signals regulate panicle architecture and providing candidate targets for the improvement of crop yield.
Role of DNA methylation‐based mitotic ageing indices in oral cancer development and recurrence
Authors: Ambatipudi Srikant , Inchanalkar Mayuri , Mahimkar Manoj B. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveDNA methylation data can be used to derive mitotic indices from complex tissues. Here, we assessed if the DNA methylation‐derived mitotic ageing indices are associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) development and recurrence‐free survival (RFS).MethodsDNA methylation‐based mitotic indices (MitoticAge, TNSC and hypoSC) were derived using algorithms “MitoticAge” and “epiTOC2” for the discovery [non‐malignant (n = 22), premalignant (n = 22) and OSCC (n = 68) tissues] and validation datasets (GSE87053, GSE136704 and TCGA‐HNSCC). Differences in mitotic indices between non‐malignant, premalignant and OSCC tissues were assessed. Finally, the association between estimated mitotic indices and RFS was evaluated in OSCCs.ResultsIn the discovery and validation datasets, increased mitotic ageing was observed in OSCC compared to non‐malignant and premalignant oral tissues. HPV‐positive HNSCCs had higher mitotic index TNSC. Mitotic age index hypoSC was associated with RFS in OSCC (p = 0.011, HR 2.61, 95% CI 1.24–5.48).ConclusionsDNA methylation‐derived mitotic indices are associated with OSCC development and RFS. Thus, DNA methylation‐derived mitotic indices may be a valuable research tool to reliably estimate the cumulative number of stem cell divisions in malignant and non‐malignant oral tissues. Future research utilizing mitotic indices for predicting clinical outcomes in OSCC is warranted.
Pulmonary vein isolation by means of a novel cryoballoon technology in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation patients: 1‐year outcome from a large Italian multicenter clinical registry
Authors: Bianchi Stefano , De Simone Antonio , Iacopino Saverio , Fassini Gaetano , Malacrida Maurizio , Rossi Pietro , Stabile Giuseppe , Petretta Andrea , Tundo Fabrizio , Cauti Filippo Maria , Iuliano Sara , Filannino Pasquale , Moltrasio Massimo , Morlacchi Bonfanti Michela , Pelargonio Gemma , Pecora Domenico , Ferraro Anna , Tondo Claudio 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionRecently, a new cryoballoon (CB) technology (POLARx; Boston Scientific) has come onto the market. Preliminary data have shown that its acute safety and efficacy are similar to those of the first‐generation CB. The aim of this study was to assess the medium‐term outcome of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) with the POLARxTM CB in a large multicenter registry.MethodsWe prospectively collected data on 125 consecutive patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) who underwent PVI by means of a novel CB system. Two cases of transient phrenic nerve palsy occurred, with full recovery in the 48h post procedure; no major procedure‐related adverse events were reported. During the 90‐day blanking period, 4 (3.2%) patients experienced an early recurrence. After the blanking period, over a mean follow‐up of 411 ± 62 days, 19 patients (15.2%) suffered an AF/atrial tachycardia (AT) recurrence. The 1‐year freedom from AF/AT recurrence was 86.4% (n = 17): 10 (8%) patients had an AF recurrence, 6 (4.8%) had an AT occurrence and 1 (0.8%) suffered both events. Patients with AF/AT recurrences had both a shorter deflation time and total deflation time. Moreover, CB ablations with measured TTI < 90 s and TTI < 60 s were more frequent in patients without AF/AT recurrence (88.5% and 77.4%, respectively) than in those who experienced at least one AF/AT recurrence (67.5% and 55.0%, p = .001 and p = .005, respectively).ConclusionThe novel POLARx cryo‐balloon system is safe and effective for PV isolation, displaying a 1‐year freedom from atrial arrhythmia recurrence of 86.4%, which is in line to that reported with AFA‐Pro CB or RF ablation.Clinical trial registrationCatheter Ablation of Arrhythmias with a High‐Density Mapping System in Real‐World Practice (CHARISMA). URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ Identifier: NCT03793998. Registration date: January 4, 2019.