bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arps, divergent members
Authors: Frankel Stewart 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I Nomenclature
The actin-related proteins, also known as the actin-like proteins, are subdivided into different classes defined by their degree of sequence similarity to actin. A hallmark of the Arp classes is a high level of phylogenetic conservation, making the classification process straightforward when there are candidate sequences from diverse species (see Fig. 1). For the distantly related Arps this ‘vertical’ approach, involving comparisons between species, is not yet possible. The alternative is a ‘horizontal’ approach, involving the comparison of Arps from the same species.
Cortexillins
Authors: Faix Jan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The cortexillins show the highest overall sequence relationships (50 per cent identity) to putative actin-binding protein, ABP46, deduced from a cDNA sequence of Physarum polycephalum.
The two isoforms, cortexillin I and cortexillin II, that are present in Dictyostefium discoideum are derived from two different genes. Both genes encode polypeptides with a calculated molecular mass of 50.5 kDa. The sequences of these polypetides show 73 per cent identity in their N-terminal halves and 60 per cent overall identity. The subunits of the dimeric molecules are assembled in a parallel orientation. When visualized in the electron microscope, the cortexillin I dimer, with its two globular heads and an elongated rod domain, resembles a small double-headed myosin molecule (Fig. 1).
Dematin
Authors: Branton Daniel , Chishti Athar H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Dematin is a trimeric actin bundling protein originally identified in the human erythrocyte membrane skeleton as band 4.9, but now known to be expressed in many mammalian tissues. In solution, erythroid dematin exists as a trimer of 48 kDa and 52 kDa isoform subunits. Both isoforms contain two actin-binding sites. One of these sites is in a carboxyl-terminal domain that is.homologous to villin’s ‘head piece’; the other site lies closer to the amino terminus of the protein. In vitro, dematin’s actin bundling activity can be regulated by phosphorylation; in vivo, dematin’s function is unknown, although its widespread expression in various tissues suggests that it may perform a vii/in-like role by regulating actin organization.
Yeast spindle pole body proteins
Authors: Kilmartin John V 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Spindle pole body proteins are a diverse set of low abundance proteins. A large fraction including two of the main structural components, Spc11 Op and Spc42p, have coiled coil regions, Kart p has a transmembrane domain, and Cdc31 p is a calcium-binding calmodulin-like protein.
Can science explain everything? Can science explain anything?
Authors: Weinberg Steven 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One evening a few years ago I was with some other faculty members at the University of Texas, telling a group of undergraduates about work in our respective disciplines. I outlined the great progress we physicists had made in explaining what was known experimentally about elementary particles and fields – how when I was a student I had to learn a large variety of miscellaneous facts about particles, forces, and symmetries; how in the decade from the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s all these odds and ends were explained in what is now called the Standard Model of elementary particles; how we learned that these miscellaneous facts about particles could be deduced mathematically from a few fairly simple principles; and how a great collective Aha! then went out from the community of physicists. After my remarks, a faculty colleague (not a particle physicist) commented ‘Well, of course, you know science does not really explain things – it just describes them.’
Institutionalizing and Managing Intermediation in the EU
Authors: Richardson Jeremy , Coen David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the concluding chapter to their 1993 volume Lobbying in the European Community, Sonia Mazey and Jeremy Richardson quoted Heisler and Kvavik’s seminal work on the nature of the policy process in Western Europe. Describing what they termed the ‘European Polity’ model, Heisler and Kvavik argued that Western Europe had developed ‘a decision-making structure characterized by continuous, regularized access for economically, politically, ethnically and/ or sub-culturally based groups to the highest levels of the political system i.e. the decision making sub-system’ (Heisler and Kvavik 1974: 48). Crucially, Heisler and Kvavik saw access to policy-makers as regularized and structured, a pattern of co-optation noticed in Europe as early as the mid-1800s in Norway, for example. Mazey and Richardson saw this ‘European model’ as likely to be transposed to the level of the European Community (EC) and suggested that there were ‘strong tendencies for co-optation of some kind.
Computational anatomy: Euler–Poincaré image matching
Authors: Holm Darryl D , Schmah Tanya , Stoica Cristina , Ellis David C P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Pattern matching is an important component of imaging science, and is fundamental in computational anatomy (computerized anatomical analysis of medical images). When comparing images, the purpose is to find an optimal deformation that aligns the images and matches their photometric properties. Diffeomorphic pattern matching methods have been developed to achieve both this objective and the additional goal of defining a (Riemannian) metric structure on spaces of deformable objects [DGM98, Tro98].
Statistical Inference—Bayesian and Other Approaches
Authors: Krzanowski Wojtek J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Most of the basic structure of frequentist inference, as outlined in the previous chapter, was formulated in the period between the two world wars. Although it rapidly became established as the framework for general statistical analysis, and although theoreticians continued to produce important advances within this framework throughout the 1940s and 1950s, many statisticians were unhappy with it and many researchers either misunderstood or misinterpreted the techniques they were using.
Association between Variables
Authors: Krzanowski Wojtek J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Many scientific and social investigations are exploratory, at least in their early stages. The investigator may well have an overall objective or hypothesis in mind, but may not be entirely sure as to the nature of the samples to be collected or which variables should be measured on these samples. So a frequent approach is to measure as many variables as possible while the investigation is under way, and then to rely on statistical analysis to sift through the wealth of information that has been collected.
Integral Priors for the One Way Random Effects Model*
Authors: Cano Juan A , Kessler Mathieu , Salmerón Diego 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The one way random effects model is analyzed from the Bayesian model selection perspective. From this point of view Bayes factors are the key tool to choose between two models. In order to produce objective Bayes factors objective priors should be assigned to each model. However, these priors are usually improper provoking a calibration problem which precludes the comparison of the models. To solve this problem several derivations of automatically calibrated objective priors have been proposed among which we quote the intrinsic priors introduced in Berger and Pericchi (1996) and the integral priors introduced in Cano et al. (2007). Here, we focus on the use of integral priors which take advantage of MCMC techniques to produce most of the times unique Bayes factors. Some illustrations are provided.
Geographically Assisted Elicitation of Expert Opinion for Regression Models*
Authors: Denham Robert J , Mengersen Kerrie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the perceived strengths of Bayesian modelling is the ability to include prior information. Although objective or noninformative priors might be preferred in some situations, in many other applications the Bayesian framework offers a real opportunity to formally combine data with information available from experts. The question addressed in this paper is how to elicit this information in a form suitable for prior modelling. Particular attention is paid to geographic data for which maps might be used to assist in the elicitation. A case study is described in which the method was used to elicit information for the prediction of the distribution of the brush tailed rock wallaby (Petrogale penicillata). This paper provides a synopsis of an approach described by Denham and Mengersen (2007).
Hierarchical Multiresolution Hazard Model for Breast Cancer Recurrence*
Authors: Dukić Vanja , Dignam James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Bayesian multiresolution hazard estimator (MRH) has been recently adapted for estimation of hazard functions (Bouman et al., 2007). In this paper, we extend the previously proposed MRH methods into the hierarchical multiresolution hazard setting (HMRH), to accommodate separate hazard functions within each of several patient strata and some common covariate effects across all strata, while accounting for within-stratum correlation. We apply this method to examine patterns of recurrence after treatment for early stage breast cancer, using data from two large-scale randomized clinical trials.
Bayesian Regression of Piecewise Constant Functions*
Authors: Hutter Marcus 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We derive an exact and efficient Bayesian regression algorithm for piecewise constant functions of unknown segment number, boundary location, and levels. It works for any noise and segment level prior, e.g. Cauchy which can handle outliers. We derive simple but good estimates for the in-segment variance. We also propose a Bayesian regression curve as a better way of smoothing data without blurring boundaries. The Bayesian approach also allows straightforward determination of the evidence, break probabilities and error estimates, useful for model selection and significance and robustness studies. We briefly mention the performance on synthetic and real-world examples. The full version of the paper contains detailed derivations, more motivation and discussion, the complete algorithm, the experiments, and various extensions.
The Exceptional Holonomy Groups
Authors: Joyce Dominic D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We now discuss the exceptional holonomy groups G 2 in 7 dimensions, and Spin(7) in 8 dimensions. Metrics with these holonomy groups are Ricci-flat, and on compact manifolds come in smooth moduli spaces of known dimension. Sections 11.1–11.3 define G 2, study the topology of compact Riemannian 7-manifolds ( M, g) with holonomy G 2, and describe constructions of such manifolds. Sections 11.4–11.6 give a similar treatment of Spin(7). Section 11.7 gives a reading list on exceptional holonomy. For much more detail on compact manifolds with exceptional holonomy and many examples, see the author ‘s monograph [188, Chs 10–15].
Management of invasive aquatic plants
Authors: Coetzee Julie A , Hill Martin P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Aquatic ecosystems throughout the world are continually threatened by the presence of invasive aquatic plants, both floating and submerged (Table 10.1), which cost governments vast sums of money every year to control. These invasive plants are predominantly anthropogenically spread, and their presence is usually a symptom of the enrichment of waters through pollution, as a result of increasing urbanization, industry, and agriculture. These plants have significant ecological impacts on the environment, and associated cascading socioeconomic effects.
Going with the Flow
Authors: Higgins Peter M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The two topics in the title of this section may sound a world apart but it transpires that the network problems involved are intimately connected. As is always the case, mathematics is indifferent to the applications we may have in mind and so serves to provide unexpected links between matters that would seem to be unrelated.
The first application is the very practical real-world problem of determining the maximum capacity of a given network. By contrast the second is that of finding out if it is possible or not to match up a group of girls with a given group of boys so that each of the girls is married off. The constraint that applies to this problem is that all marriages be by mutual consent, so a solution is not necessarily so easy to find.
Stochastic Integrals And Itô ‘S Formula
Authors: Xiong Jie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, we define stochastic integrals and introduce some stochastic analysis results that are essential in the later chapters. This chapter is organized as follows: In Section 3.1, we define predictable processes. Intuitively, the set of predictable processes is the “closure “ of the set of left-continuous processes. In Section 3.2, we give the definition of the stochastic integral with respect to a square-integrable martingale. Meyer ‘s process, defined in Chapter 2, plays a key role. We prove Itô ‘s formula in Section 3.3. This formula is very important in stochastic analysis, just like the chain rule in the ordinary analysis. In Section 3.4, we show that the Brownian motion is uniquely characterized by its Meyer process. We also give some representation theorems for square-integrable martingales in terms of Brownian motions.
Linear Filtering
Authors: Xiong Jie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, we consider a very special filtering model. Namely, the signal is a Gaussian process and the observation function is linear. The corresponding filtering theory is called Kalman–Bucy filtering. We will derive the Kalman–Bucy filter as a special case of the non-linear filter introduced in the previous chapters. After the filtering equations are established and the discrete-time approximation is studied, we will investigate the long time stability of the linear filter in Sections 9.4 and 9.5. The results in the last two sections can be regarded as a standard to compare with when we study the stability for the non-linear filter in Chapter 10. The material in Section 9.4 is very technical and can be skipped in the first reading.
Stops
Authors: Colvin Stephen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
1.PLAIN There is just one series for the labial stops (π, β, and cp), conventionally written p-; one series for the velar stops (κ, γ, χ), written k-; while the signs for apical stops differentiate between voiced and voiceless series (d-/t-, §10.5). 2.LABIOVELARA single series (transcribed q-) shows that the IE labiovelars had not yet merged with the dental and labial stops, as in later Greek. Their phonetic value can only be guessed, though it is generally assumed to be κ, γ, χ (§10.6).
Mycenaean Dialect
Authors: Colvin Stephen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Linear B archives are written in a standard form of Greek (some- times called a chancellery language). This official language used by the scribes obscures the fact that a number of different dialects must already have existed within Greek. In the alphabetic period (first millennium BC) the Greek dialects can be divided into West Greek, comprising Doric and North-west Greek, and East Greek, comprising Attic-Ionic and Arcado-Cypriot (§15 below). The Aeolic dialects do not fit easily into this scheme (see §33 below). We can see in Mycenaean Greek that in verbal endings the third person ti(inherited from IE) has already become si(thus e-ko- si = lχσ); and we can also see from alphabetic inscriptions of the first millennium that while the eastern dialects have siin this position, the dialects of western Greece retain original ti(thus West Greek lχτ= Attic-Ionic lχσ&lt; lχσ). In this and other respects Mycenaean seems to be part of the eastern grouping: for example, Myc. o-te‘when’ represents τε, which is characteristic of eastern Greek (western Greek has κα); and i-je-re-u‘priest’ recalls eastern ερ- (rather than western αρ-). This indicates that the divergence between western and eastern Greek had already taken place in Mycenaean times, and that dialects of the western type must have existed somewhere in the Greek-speaking world (this in turn raises the question of where the Dorians were in the Bronze Age, and whether the Greek belief that they did not enter the Peloponnese until after the Trojan War should be given any credence).
Adjectives in *-went-
Authors: Colvin Stephen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Greek inherited an adj. suffix *-Fετ&gt; -(F)εmeaning ‘[endowed] with x’ (IE *-went-, Sihler §346): pe-ne-we-ta1 (a) and χαρ{Fεττα12 2. The fem. is built on *-wnt-ya, but Myc. -we-saand class. -(F)εσσαshow an εanalogical on the masc. (for *CnCin Gk. see §10.3). The suffix is added directly to the root in Myc.(in later Gk. a linking -o- vowel was generally inserted between root and suffix).
Verbs
Authors: Colvin Stephen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There are relatively few verbal forms in the Mycenaean tablets, owing to their inventory format. 1.Personal endings: 3 sing. (med.-pass.) In alphabetic Greek the 3rd person endings -τα/-ταare found in all dialects except Arc.-Cyp., which has -τ/-τ. Myc. e-u-ke-to[euketoi], ‘declares’ indicates that Arc.-Cyp. has retained the inherited ending, while the other dialects have innovated (extending the a-vocalism from the 1st person). 2.Augment The augment is mostly absent in Mycenaean (one reasonably certain case: a-pe-do-ke, which is also found in the unaugmented form a-pu- do-ke). This means that unaugmented forms in Homer cannot be regarded as a mere literary device: but the history and early function of the augment in Greek remain obscure.
Spread of Ionic script
Authors: Colvin Stephen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The local (or epichoric) alphabets were in use until the V cent., when they were gradually usurped by the Ionic alphabet. Each had its idiosyncrasies, both in the use of the letters and in the letter shapes: this may be partly due to accidents of transmission and selection, and partly to a conscious desire on the part of each polisto have a distinctive script2. The Ionians, whose dialects were psilotic (§23.10), reused the aspirate sign for long e (eta): then they created a sign for the corresponding long o by opening up o to make â„¦. Neither F nor Î’ was used: F because the sound [w] disappeared early in Ionic, and Î’ because it was functionally irrelevant (the difference between front and back velars in Greek is not phonemic). Ionia standardized the alphabet (and an ‘official’ epigraphic dialect) at an early stage, and to this extent was atypical. The Ionic alphabet seems to have enjoyed great prestige in the Greek world, perhaps because of its association with the archaic literature and culture of the region (including epic and scientific prose). Most high literature in Athens seems to have been written in the Ionic alphabet in the V cent., and an increasing number of private inscriptions3. Official inscriptions (paid for by the state) continued to be written in the Attic alphabet until the official adoption of Ionic script in 403/2.
Cypriot syllabary
Authors: Colvin Stephen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
While the rest of the Greek world without exception adopted some form of the alphabet, the Cypriots continued to use a syllabic system to write Greek until the III cent. BC. The earliest texts are dated to the VIII cent. (one inscription is perhaps as early as the XI cent.). This script was adapted from an earlier syllabary used in Cyprus known as Cypro-Minoan, since it is clearly related to Cretan Linear A. Cypro- Minoan is attested (in slightly different forms) from the XVI to the XII centuries BC, and may have been used to record more than one language (but probably not Greek).
The Beginning and the End of the Koiné
Authors: Colvin Stephen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The koiné is essentially an expanded, international variety of Attic, heavily influenced by Ionic. Its roots go back to Athens in the period following the Persian wars (§48), as the city became the dominant cultural and political force in the Aegean. Both the ‘high’ (literary) and the ‘low’ (vernacular) strands of Hellenistic Greek (§50) can be traced to this period. On the one hand, high literature and culture in Athens came under increasing Ionian influence: literary prose and poetry used Ionic words and inflections, and the educated elite started to adopt some Ionic idioms in speech. On the other, the Athenian empire made Athens a hub of trade and military activity, with a high degree of interaction between Athenians and their Ionian allies; there is no doubt that the cosmopolitan character of the city (which the ‘Old Oligarch’ complains about in a famous passage) left its mark on the language of the working urban population (many of whom will have been θήτες, the lowest naval class).
Introduction: Mental processes in the human brain
Authors: Driver Jon , Haggard, Patrick , Shallice Tim 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For centuries, the relation of the human mind to the brain has been debated. How can seemingly immaterial entities such as thoughts and memories arise from biological material? Advances in neuroscience have now led to wide acceptance in science and medicine that all aspects of our mental life—our perceptions, thoughts, memories, actions, plans, language, understanding of others and so on—in fact depend upon brain function.
From cognitive to neural models of working memory
Authors: D’Esposito Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Working memory refers to the temporary retention of information that was just experienced or just retrieved from long-term memory but no longer exists in the external environment. These internal representations are short-lived, but can be stored for longer periods of time through active maintenance or rehearsal strategies, and can be subjected to various operations that manipulate the information in such a way that makes it useful for goal-directed behaviour. Empirical studies of working memory using neuroscientific techniques, such as neuronal recordings in monkeys or functional neuroimaging in humans, have advanced our knowledge of the underlying neural mechanisms of working memory.
Should I stay or should I go? How the human brain manages the trade-off between exploitation and exploration
Authors: Cohen Jonathan D , McClure, Samuel M , Yu Angela J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Many large and small decisions we make in our daily lives—which ice cream to choose, what research projects to pursue, which partner to marry—require an exploration of alternatives before committing to and exploiting the benefits of a particular choice. Furthermore, many decisions require re-evaluation, and further exploration of alternatives, in the face of changing needs or circumstances. That is, often our decisions depend on a higher level choice: whether to exploit well known but possibly suboptimal alternatives or to explore risky but potentially more profitable ones.
Global Governance and Social Change
Authors: Moulaert Frank 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If capitalism is to be restrained, it must be by a power of a magnitude and scope to match that of the capitalist engine itself. It must be on a global scale. The slogan ‘think globally, act locally’ is no longer appropriate. Local action within an unchanged global order of production and governance rapidly reaches its limits. It is necessary today not only to think about the global consequences of local action, but to act to change the global context of local action (Low and Gleeson 1999: 190).