bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of farm Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (farm HACCP) certification efforts on emissions of volatile organic compounds from livestock sheds in Japan
Authors: Tanaka Nobuyuki , Aizawa Arika , Miyazaki Akane , Ando Yoshitake 
Published: December 2023

Abstract“Farm HACCP” incorporates the concept of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) into farm animal husbandry and sanitation management to ensure the safety of livestock products and improve productivity. Implementing farm HACCP may reduce the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are derived from livestock manure and are responsible for odors, PM2.5, and photochemical oxidants. In this study, the effects of implementing farm HACCP on the emissions, composition, and environmental impact of VOCs from sheds were evaluated. VOCs in swine, dairy cattle, and hen sheds were measured before and after implementing farm HACCP. After implementing farm HACCP, the concentrations in the sheds were 55%–80% lower than the concentration in the sheds before. Odor activity values decreased in the cattle and hen sheds, whereas they increased in the swine shed. In addition, OH radical reactivity, an indicator of reactivity with OH radicals, decreased in all sheds. Finally, the emission rates of VOCs from each shed were estimated to be 42%–97% lower. These results suggest that implementing farm HACCP can reduce emissions of VOCs from livestock industries.
Developmental links between well‐being, self‐concept and prosocial behaviour in early primary school
Authors: Dempsey Caoimhe , Devine Rory , Fink Elian , Hughes Claire 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundWell‐being is a key aspect of children's education, yet measurement issues have limited studies in early primary school.AimsThe current 12‐month longitudinal study assesses the temporal stability of child‐ and parent‐reported school well‐being and examines developmental links with academic self‐concept and parent‐rated prosocial behaviour.Sample(s)We tracked a sample of 206 children across the transition from the first (T1) to the second (T2) year of primary school (T1 child Mage = 5.3, SD = .46, 54.3% girls) and gathered ratings of well‐being, prosocial behaviour and academic self‐concept at both timepoints.MethodsWe used cross‐lagged analyses to investigate developmental links between these three constructs.ResultsParent and child reports of children's well‐being showed similar temporal stability and converged over time, such that informants' reports showed a modest but significant correlation at T2. Girls reported greater well‐being than boys at both timepoints and received higher parental ratings of well‐being than boys at T2. For both girls and boys, associations between the constructs were asymmetric: early well‐being predicted later self‐concept and prosocial behaviour, but the reciprocal associations were not significant.ConclusionsThese findings support the validity of young children's self‐reported well‐being, highlight the early onset of gender differences in school well‐being and demonstrate that early well‐being heralds later prosocial behaviour and positive academic self‐concepts.
Research on the patterns of the organic growth knowledge production based on a dual perspective of content and behaviour
Authors: Xu Yaqian , Yang Yang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA new mode of knowledge production, known as the ‘organic growth pattern’, has emerged within the online learning environment. It exhibits several unique features, such as iterative growth, fuelled by collective intelligence, fuzzy complexity, etc. It is more valuable and adaptable to support knowledge innovation within rapidly changing fields. To reveal its new evolutional production pattern and the interaction mechanism of different generative topics, We take a dual perspective of content and behaviour into consideration. A total of 1855 interactive data points were collected from a connectivist massive open online course. The study employed methods, such as latent Dirichlet allocation, content analysis and lag sequential analysis. Results showed that (1) the paths of knowledge innovation were complex and diverse. The process typically began with an ill‐structured question and was driven by collective contribution and cognitive conflict. (2) Knowledge production involved interactive evolution and collaborative growth of multiple generative topics. (3) The four stages of knowledge production were cyclic, with sense‐making acting as a bridge between way‐finding and innovation. Several implications of the findings are recommended to enhance the quality of knowledge growth, such as designing ill‐structured questions, providing discussion activities from easy to difficult, introducing relevant topics, taking advantage of various platforms and mobilizing learners' or participants' quality attention‐related behaviours.
Non‐canonical nitric oxide signalling and DNA methylation: Inflammation induced epigenetic alterations and potential drug targets
Authors: Switzer Christopher H. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDNA methylation controls DNA accessibility to transcription factors and other regulatory proteins, thereby affecting gene expression and hence cellular identity and function. As epigenetic modifications control the transcriptome, epigenetic dysfunction is strongly associated with pathological conditions and ageing. The development of pharmacological agents that modulate the activity of major epigenetic proteins are in pre‐clinical development and clinical use. However, recent publications have identified novel redox‐based signalling pathways, and therefore novel drug targets, that may exert epigenetic effects. This review will discuss the recent developments in nitric oxide (NO) signalling on DNA methylation as well as potential epigenetic drug targets that have emerged from the intersection of inflammation/redox biology and epigenetic regulation.
Factors predictive of second‐line chemotherapy in soft tissue sarcoma: An analysis of the National Genomic Profiling Database
Authors: Mochizuki Takao , Ikegami Masachika , Akiyama Toru 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOf the drugs used in second‐line chemotherapy for soft tissue sarcoma (STS), trabectedin is effective for liposarcoma and leiomyosarcoma (L‐sarcoma), eribulin for liposarcoma, and pazopanib for non‐liposarcoma. The indications for these drugs in STS other than L‐sarcoma have not been established. Here we explored the prognosis, mutation profiles, and drug‐response factors in STS using real‐world big data. Clinicogenomic data on 1761 patients with sarcoma who underwent FoundationOne CDx were obtained from a national database in Japan. Patients with TP53 and KDM2D mutations had a significantly shorter survival period of 253 (95% CI, 99–404) and 330 (95% CI, 20–552) days, respectively, than those without mutations. Non‐supervised clustering based on mutation profiles generated 13 tumor clusters. The response rate (RR) to trabectedin was highest in an MDM2‐amplification cluster (odds ratio [OR]: 2.2; p = 0.2). The RR was lowest for eribulin in an MDM2‐amplification cluster (OR: 0.4; p = 0.03) and highest in a TERT‐mutation cluster (OR: 3.0; p = 0.03). The RR was highest for pazopanib in a PIK3CA/PTEN‐wild type cluster (OR: 2.1; p = 0.03). In particular, patients harboring mutations in genes regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway had a lower RR than patients without mutations (OR: 0.3; p = 0.04). In STS, mutation profiles were more useful in predicting the drug response than histology. The present study demonstrated the potential of tailored therapy guided by mutation profiles established by comprehensive genomic profiling testing in optimizing second‐line chemotherapy for STS. The findings of this study will hopefully contribute some valuable insights into enhancing STS treatment strategies and outcomes.
Clinical neuromodulatory effects of deep brain stimulation in disorder of consciousness: A literature review
Authors: Cao Tianqing , He Shenghong , Wang Luchen , Chai Xiaoke , He Qiheng , Liu Dongsheng , Wang Dong , Wang Nan , He Jianghong , Wang Shouyang , Yang Yi , Zhao Jizong , Tan Huiling 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe management of patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC) presents substantial challenges in clinical practice. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach, but the lack of standardized regulatory parameters for DBS in DOC hinders definitive conclusions.ObjectiveThis comprehensive review aims to provide a detailed summary of the current issues concerning patient selection, target setting, and modulation parameters in clinical studies investigating the application of DBS for DOC patients.MethodsA meticulous systematic analysis of the literatures was conducted, encompassing articles published from 1968 to April 2023, retrieved from reputable databases (PubMed, Embase, Medline, and Web of Science).ResultsThe systematic analysis of 21 eligible articles, involving 146 patients with DOC resulting from acquired brain injury or other disorders, revealed significant insights. The most frequently targeted regions were the Centromedian‐parafascicular complex (CM‐pf) nuclei and central thalamus (CT), both recognized for their role in regulating consciousness. However, other targets have also been explored in different studies. The stimulation frequency was predominantly set at 25 or 100 Hz, with pulse width of 120 μs, and voltages ranged from 0 to 4 V. These parameters were customized based on individual patient responses and evaluations. The overall clinical efficacy rate in all included studies was 39.7%, indicating a positive effect of DBS in a subset of DOC patients. Nonetheless, the assessment methods, follow‐up durations, and outcome measures varied across studies, potentially contributing to the variability in reported efficacy rates.ConclusionDespite the challenges arising from the lack of standardized parameters, DBS shows promising potential as a therapeutic option for patients with DOC. However, there still remains the need for standardized protocols and assessment methods, which are crucial to deepen the understanding and optimizing the therapeutic potential of DBS in this specific patient population.
Acquired tracheomalacia due to SARS‐CoV‐2 pneumonia
Authors: Espejo David , Zapata Marta , Omari Saliha , Muñoz Xavier , Cruz Maria‐Jesús ,   Se‐COVID‐19 team
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionSeveral studies mentioned parenchymal findings after SARS‐CoV‐2 pneumonia, but few studies have mentioned alterations in the airways. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of tracheomalacia and to analyse the clinical characteristics in a cohort of patients with SARS‐CoV‐2.MethodsThe study population consisted of all patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 admitted a hospital serving a population of 500 000 inhabitants. Patients were visited between 2 and 6 months after hospital discharge. In this visit, all patients were subjected to an exhaustive clinical questionnaire and underwent clinical examination, pulmonary function tests and chest CT.ResultsFrom February 2020 to August 2021, 1920 patients were included in the cohort and tracheomalacia was observed in 15 (0.8%) on expiratory HRCT imaging. All patients with tracheomalacia also presented ground glass opacities in the CT scan and 12 patients had airway sequelae.ConclusionsTracheomalacia is an exceptional sequela of SARS‐CoV‐2 survivors.
Expanding the phylogeography and connectivity of Perkinsus species across North and Central America
Authors: Yisrael Leone , DiMaria Ruth A. , Santos‐Ciminera Patricia , Aguirre‐Macedo M. Leopoldina , Vidal‐Martínez Victor M. , Ruiz Gregory M. , Torchin Mark E. , Hill‐Spanik Kristina M. , Gnanadesikan Anand , Pagenkopp Lohan Katrina M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimParasites in the genus Perkinsus infect marine molluscs globally, with novel detections expanding and reshaping our knowledge of their biogeographic patterns and the factors influencing those patterns. Here, we aimed to characterize the phylogeography and genetic connectivity of Perkinsus spp. in bivalves across North and Central America, which included infection hot spots (e.g., the Gulf of Mexico, Chesapeake Bay) and areas where these parasites had not been previously reported (e.g., along the California coast).LocationAll coasts of North America and both coasts of Panama.MethodsUtilizing standard PCR and DNA sequencing, we genetically screened 933 bivalves from across North America for parasites in the genus Perkinsus, then combined this with 752 bivalves previously screened from Panama, which included 16 species from three different countries. Phylogenetic methods were used to confirm the identifications of all the bivalves collected and the Perkinsus spp. detected. We combined our data with publicly available sequence data for these parasites to create global haplotype networks to assess regional and continental genetic diversity and phylogeographic patterns.ResultsWe detected three species across North and Central America, including Perkinsus beihaiensis, P. chesapeaki, P. marinus, while P. olseni was only detected in Panama. We report for the first time P. chesapeaki was detected in Isognomon sp. from Mexico and P. beihaiensis detections in Ostrea lurida from California, USA. Additionally, our results indicate extremely low‐genetic diversity of P. beihaiensis, P. chesapeaki and P. marinus across continental and global spatial scales.Main conclusionsOur results add further evidence of recent or continuous long‐range dispersal and global connectivity for many haplotypes, suggesting that parasite dispersal through anthropogenic activities, such as maritime trade, likely contributes to these phylogeographic patterns.
We and us: The power of the third for the first‐person plural
Authors: Hedges Tris 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPhenomenological discussions of sociality have long been concerned with the relations between the I, the You, and the We. Recently, dialogue between phenomenology and analytic philosophical work on collective intentionality has given rise to a corpus of literature oriented around the first‐person plural “we.” In this paper, I demonstrate how these dominant accounts of the “we” are not exhaustive of first‐person plural experiences as such. I achieve these aims by arguing for a phenomenological distinction between an experience of being part of a “we” compared to an experience of being part of an “us.” To have a “we‐experience” there must be a plurality of (unified) subjects sharing in an experience together such that the experience has the phenomenal character of being ours. An “us‐experience,” on the other hand, requires the experiential salience of an external “Third” in a way that is constitutively significant. Drawing on Sartrean social ontology, I argue that the “us” is distinct from the “we” on three levels, all of which pertain to the constitutive and unifying role of the Third. I then outline two forms of us‐experiences: (1) the experience of being grouped and (2) the experience of apprehending one's seriality.
Into the danger zone: How the within‐host distribution of parasites controls virulence
Authors: Johnson Pieter T. J. , Stewart Merrill Tara , Calhoun Dana M. , McDevitt‐Galles Travis , Hobart Brendan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDespite the importance of virulence in epidemiological theory, the relative contributions of host and parasite to virulence outcomes remain poorly understood. Here, we use reciprocal cross experiments to disentangle the influence of host and parasite on core virulence components—infection and pathology—and understand dramatic differences in parasite‐induced malformations in California amphibians. Surveys across 319 populations revealed that amphibians' malformation risk was 2.7× greater in low‐elevation ponds, even while controlling for trematode infection load. Factorial experiments revealed that parasites from low‐elevation sites induced higher per‐parasite pathology (reduced host survival and growth), whereas there were no effects of host source on resistance or tolerance. Parasite populations also exhibited marked differences in within‐host distribution: ~90% of low‐elevation cysts aggregated around the hind limbs, relative to <60% from high‐elevation. This offers a novel, mechanistic basis for regional variation in parasite‐induced malformations while promoting a framework for partitioning host and parasite contributions to virulence.
Refocusing generalized myasthenia gravis: Patient burden, disease profiles, and the role of evolving therapy
Authors: Saccà Francesco , Salort‐Campana Emmanuelle , Jacob Saiju , Cortés‐Vicente Elena , Schneider‐Gold Christiane 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeGeneralized myasthenia gravis (gMG) continues to present significant challenges for clinical management due to an unpredictable disease course, frequent disease fluctuations, and varying response to therapy. The recent availability of new pharmacologic therapies presents a valuable opportunity to reevaluate how this disease is classified, assessed, and managed and identify new ways to improve the clinical care of patients with gMG.MethodsNarrative review was made of publications identified via searches of PubMed and selected congresses (January 2000–September 2022).ResultsNew consensus definitions are required to ensure consistency, to better characterize patients, and to identify patients who will benefit from specific drugs and earlier use of these agents. There is a need for more frequent, standardized patient assessment to identify the cause of motor function deficits, provide a clearer picture of the disease burden and its impact on daily living and quality of life (QoL), and better support treatment decision‐making. Novel approaches that target different components of the immune system will play a role in more precise treatment of patients with gMG, alongside the development of new algorithms to guide individualized patient management.ConclusionsgMG has a physical, mental, and social impact, resulting in a considerable burden of disease and substantially decreased QoL, despite standard treatments. The availability of novel, targeted treatments that influence key pathological mediators of gMG, together with new biomarkers, offers the potential to optimize patient management and ultimately enables a greater number of patients to achieve minimal manifestation status and a reduced burden of disease.
Statistical learning in epilepsy: Behavioral and anatomical mechanisms in the human brain
Authors: Aljishi Ayman , Sherman Brynn E. , Huberdeau David M. , Obaid Sami , Khan Kamren , Lamsam Layton , Zibly Zion , Sivaraju Adithya , Turk‐Browne Nicholas B. , Damisah Eyiyemisi C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveStatistical learning, the fundamental cognitive ability of humans to extract regularities across experiences over time, engages the medial temporal lobe (MTL) in the healthy brain. This leads to the hypothesis that statistical learning (SL) may be impaired in patients with epilepsy (PWE) involving the temporal lobe, and that this impairment could contribute to their varied memory deficits. In turn, studies done in collaboration with PWE, that evaluate the necessity of MTL circuitry through disease and causal perturbations, provide an opportunity to advance basic understanding of SL.MethodsWe implemented behavioral testing, volumetric analysis of the MTL substructures, and direct electrical brain stimulation to examine SL across a cohort of 61 PWE and 28 healthy controls.ResultsWe found that behavioral performance in an SL task was negatively associated with seizure frequency irrespective of seizure origin. The volume of hippocampal subfields CA1 and CA2/3 correlated with SL performance, suggesting a more specific role of the hippocampus. Transient direct electrical stimulation of the hippocampus disrupted SL. Furthermore, the relationship between SL and seizure frequency was selective, as behavioral performance in an episodic memory task was not impacted by seizure frequency.SignificanceOverall, these results suggest that SL may be hippocampally dependent and that the SL task could serve as a clinically useful behavioral assay of seizure frequency that may complement existing approaches such as seizure diaries. Simple and short SL tasks may thus provide patient‐centered endpoints for evaluating the efficacy of novel treatments in epilepsy.
On closer inspection: Reviewing the debate on whether fish cooperate to inspect predators
Authors: Veiros A. Li , Schweinfurth Manon K. , Webster Michael M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCooperative behaviours, which benefit a recipient, are widespread in the animal kingdom; yet their evolution is not straightforward. Reciprocity, i.e., cooperating with previously experienced cooperative partners, has been suggested to underly cooperation, but has been contested throughout the years. Once a textbook example of reciprocity was cooperative predator inspection, where one or several individuals leave their group to approach a potential threat. Each can at any point stop or retreat, increasing the risk for its partner. It was suggested that inspecting individuals follow a specific reciprocal strategy called tit‐for‐tat, i.e., cooperating on the first move and then copying the partner's last move. Numerous studies provide evidence to support the claim that fish cooperate to inspect predators, including three‐spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus), guppies (Poecilia reticulata) and minnows (Phoxinus phoxinus). However, over the past few decades some scholars have expressed scepticism whether predator inspection is indeed a cooperative behaviour or rather a case of by‐product mutualism, which describes behaviours that benefit a partner as a corollary of an otherwise selfish behaviour. For instance, it has been shown that pairs of fish moving in unfamiliar environments appear to coordinate movements even in the absence of predators. Many studies have also used coarse measures of overall approach rates towards predators rather than the fine‐grained analyses necessary to infer tit‐for‐tat in cooperative inspections. Now is the time to return to the question of cooperative predator inspection with new tools and approaches to resolve a decades‐old debate.
Efficient ensembles of distance‐based label ranking trees
Authors: Rodrigo Enrique G. , Alfaro Juan C. , Aledo Juan A. , Gámez Jose A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEnsemble of label ranking trees (LRTs) are currently the state‐of‐the‐art approaches to the label ranking problem. Recently, bagging, boosting, and random forest methods have been proposed, all based on the LRT algorithm, which adapts regression/classification trees to the label classification problem. The LRT algorithm uses theoretically grounded Mallows probability distribution to select the best split when growing the tree, and an EM‐type process to complete the rankings on the training data when they are incomplete. These two steps have proven to be accurate, but require a large computational effort. This article proposes two alternative methods that replace the use of the Mallows distribution with distance‐based criteria to select the best split at each inner node of the tree. Moreover, these distance‐based criteria allow dealing with incomplete rankings natively, so avoiding the completion process. We have carried out an extensive experimental evaluation, which shows that (1) the integration of the two proposed modifications to the LRT algorithm into ensemble methods (bagging and random forest) are an order of magnitude faster than using the original Mallows‐based LRT algorithm; (2) ensembles using the proposed LRT methods are significantly more accurate in the presence of incomplete rankings, while they are at least as accurate in the complete case; and (3) the two modified LRT algorithms are also an order of magnitude faster than the Mallows‐based LRT, while they are at least as accurate as the Mallows‐based LRT on both complete and incomplete rankings.