bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of time spent in pregnancy or brooding on immunocompetence
Authors: Revathi Venkateswaran Vandana , Gokhale Chaitanya S. , Mangel Marc , Eliassen Sigrunn 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSexes of a species may show different characteristics beyond the differences in their sexual organs and such sexual dimorphism often occurs in the level of immune response when exposed to pathogens (immunocompetence). In general, females have increased longevity relative to males, which is associated with higher immunocompetence. However, males have higher immunocompetence in some species, such as pipefishes and seahorses. Experimental evidence suggests that this could be because males, rather than females, carry fertilized eggs to birth in these species. This observation suggests that an increase in immunocompetence may be related to the level of parental investment and not to a particular sex. We use state‐dependent life‐history theory to study optimal investment in offspring production relative to parent immunocompetence, varying the relative time that a parent spends in brooding or pregnancy within a breeding cycle. When offspring is dependent on a parent's survival for a large part of the breeding cycle, we predict higher investments in immunity and longer life expectancies.
Phosphate Triester Hydrolysis by Mononuclear Iron(III) Complexes: The Role of Benzimidazole in the Second Coordination Sphere
Authors: Luiz Edinara , Farias Giliandro , Alzamora Mariella , Sánchez Dalber R. , Xavier Fernando R. , Peralta Rosely A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOver the years, phosphate ester hydrolysis catalyzed by coordination compounds has attracted extensive research on developing new bioinspired compounds. However, the literature lacks sufficient examples displaying activity toward phosphate triesters specifically, limiting the understanding of efficient strategies for the hydrolysis of this compound hydrolysis. Herein, we report preparing and characterizing three mononuclear iron(III) complexes (1, 2, and 3) and their hydrolase‐like activity. Complexes 2 and 3 have benzimidazole (BIMZ) moieties and were strategically designed to separate the BIMZ moiety from the first coordination sphere, and complex 1 (without BIMZ) was used as a reference. Several techniques provided structural information, including spectrophotometry, spectrometry, electrochemistry, elemental analysis, and 57Fe Mossbauer. Density functional theory (DFT) revealed distorted octahedral geometries due to the presence of the BIMZ groups. These groups also directly affected the protonation equilibria and catalytic activity. The phosphate triester diethyl‐2,4‐dinitrophenylphosphate (DEDNPP) hydrolysis was enhanced at least 27 times compared to the uncatalyzed reaction, with complexes 2 and 3, thus showing higher catalytic rates (kcat). Moreover, a longer carbon chain led to a higher hydrolysis rate but less interaction with substrate. These findings provide background for further investigations and the development of efficient catalysts for agrochemical degradation.
Actinide Triamidoamine (TrenR) Chemistry: Uranium and Thorium Derivatives Supported by a Diphenyl‐tert‐Butyl‐Silyl‐Tren Ligand
Authors: Du Jingzhen , Gregson Matthew , Wooles Ashley J. , Liddle Stephen T. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe report the synthesis and characterisation of thorium(IV), uranium(III), and uranium(IV) complexes supported by a sterically demanding triamidoamine ligand with N‐diphenyl‐tert‐butyl‐silyl substituents. Treatment of ThCl4(THF)3.5 or UCl4 with [Li3(TrenDPBS)] (TrenDPBS={N(CH2CH2NSiPh2But)3}3−) afforded [An(TrenDPBS)Cl] (An=Th, 1Th; U, 1U). Complexes 1An react with benzyl potassium to afford the cyclometallates (TrenDPBScyclomet) [An{N(CH2CH2NSiPh2But)2(CH2CH2NSiPhButC6H4)}] (An=Th, 2Th; U, 2U). Treatment of 1An with sodium azide affords [An(TrenDPBS)N3] (An=Th, 3Th; U, 3U). Reaction of 3Th with potassium graphite affords 2Th. In contrast, 3Th reacts with cesium graphite to afford the doubly‐cyclometallated (TrenDPBSd‐cyclomet) ate complex [Th{N(CH2CH2NSiPh2But)(CH2CH2NSiPhButC6H4)}2Cs(THF)3] (4). In contrast to 3Th, reaction of 3U with potassium graphite produces the uranium(III) complex [U(TrenDPBS)] (5), and 5 can also be prepared by reaction of potassium graphite with 1U. The loss of azide instead of conversion to nitrides contrasts to prior work when the silyl group is iso‐propyl silyl, underscoring how ligand substituents profoundly drive the reaction chemistry. Several complexes exhibit T‐shaped meta‐C−H⋅⋅⋅phenyl and staggered parallel π–π‐stacking interactions, demonstrating subtle weak interactions that drive ancillary ligand geometries. Compounds 1An–3An, 4, and 5 have been variously characterised by single crystal X‐ray diffraction, multi‐nuclear NMR spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, UV/Vis/NIR spectroscopy, and elemental analyses.
Evaluating Multienzyme Cascade Routes for Pharmaceutically Relevant Molecules
Authors: Naik Karishma , Dheeraj Sangoji , Jeevani Kodru , Saravanan Thangavelu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe constant demand for sustainable approaches to pharmaceutical synthesis has thrived the enzyme catalysis (biocatalysis) field. The most sought‐after features like high specificity, environmentally benign, and biodegradable nature have rendered enzymatic processes predominantly eco‐friendly. Owing to these merits, biocatalysis is now being developed extensively to exploit their applications in designing alternate and sustainable synthetic routes for manufacturing pharmaceuticals, in line with green chemistry principles. Further, combining multiple enzymes in one‐pot is a highly efficient methodology as it eliminates intermediate isolation, shifts equilibrium in the forward direction, and proceeds in ambient aqueous conditions. This review highlights the importance of recently developed multienzyme cascade synthesis of pharmaceutically important bioactive molecules by relating them with their well‐known chemical route.
Reinforced concrete wall buildings with force‐limiting connections: Modeling effects and uncertainty propagation
Authors: Mayorga C. Franco , Tsampras Georgios 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper assesses the effects of (1) the gravity load‐resisting system (GLRS) modeling approach, (2) the seismic force‐resisting system (SFRS) modeling approach, and (3) the uncertainty of the model parameters of the constitutive law of the longitudinal reinforcing steel of the SFRS on the seismic responses of a 12‐story reinforced concrete wall building with force‐limiting connections. This is achieved by conducting nonlinear numerical earthquake simulations. The seismic responses of the building models with force‐limiting connections using two GLRS modeling approaches, (1) a moment frame system and (2) a pin‐base lean‐on‐column system, are compared. The seismic responses of the building models with conventional connections and force‐limiting connections, respectively, using two SFRS modeling approaches, (1) a distributed‐plasticity modeling approach and (2) a lumped‐plasticity modeling approach, are compared. A joint probability density function for the ASTM‐A615 Grade 60 steel available in the literature is used to conduct an uncertainty propagation analysis through Monte Carlo simulation. The uncertainty in the steel model parameters is propagated to the seismic responses of the building models with conventional connections and force‐limiting connections, respectively. The distributions of the mean values of the peak structural responses of the building models are studied. The effects of the GLRS modeling approach on the seismic responses are not significant in the context of seismic performance‐based design and assessment of buildings with force‐limiting connections. The effects of the SFRS modeling approach and the uncertainty in the steel model parameters on the floor total acceleration and force responses are reduced by including force‐limiting connections.
A developmental model for international students and multiple ecologies
Authors: Garton Paul M. , Grimm Adam , Kim Sehee 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTraditional ecological models are promising for making sense of international student experiences, but the assumed monolithic nature of the structuring systems is inadequate for explaining development that occurs across multiple systems. We present and expand a model called the Spanning Systems Model that recognizes multiple ecologies. The model organizes ecologies in terms of home and host countries, arguing the systems are in some ways independent and in others intertwined. Student experiences are thus structured by both the systems in which the school is located as well as the systems from which the student is coming. Conceptualizing ecologies in this manner shifts the goal of a successful transition into higher education away from acculturation and towards a more complex, case‐specific project of identifying areas of alignment and contradiction and tailoring experiences to each student's unique ecologies.Practical Takeaways
This expanded ecological model is intended to theoretically explain development for students whose experiences cross multiple ecologies, for example, multiple countries. While originally designed for international students, the model is applicable to any student with formative experiences in different macrosystems, like study abroad, or some first‐generation students.
Academic, faculty, and career advisors who regularly work with international students should make a concerted effort to understand the different ecologies of each student. Rather than presenting an ideal model for acculturation into US higher education, advisors can use this model to identify alignments and contradictions and plan accordingly.
New student orientations for international students can use this model as an organizing device. For example, potential contradictions between ecologies, like academic integrity and intellectual property rights, can be presented to students in the context of a holistic discussion around the rights‐based justice system in the United States.
The model can be given directly to students as a worksheet to help make sense of their experiences and frame their thinking. Students can fill in directly the different systems in which they are situated and can begin to make decisions about how they can make changes.
The influence of elbow and forearm posture on grip force perception in healthy individuals
Authors: Wang Huihui , Wu Shengkou , Li Lin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the influence of elbow and forearm postures, as well as sex, on the perception of grip force in a sample of individuals without any known health conditions. A total of 21 healthy participants (10 women and 11 men) from college were included and completed a force reproducibility assignment with four elbow and forearm positions (full pronation, supination, and extension, and at 90° of flexion) at three force levels (10%, 30%, and 50% of maximal voluntary isometric contraction [MVIC]). Our results show that participants were more sensitive in detecting variations in their grip force when their elbow was in full supination (14.1 ± 8.5% MVIC,p < .05) and full extension (13.8 ± 10.1% MVIC,p < .01) than when it was at 90° of flexion (19.9 ± 20.1% MVIC). The normalized absolute error exhibited comparable patterns among both male and female participants. Specifically, when the working range of the muscles increased (as indicated by higher maximum voluntary isometric contraction values in males), the accuracy decreased (as reflected by the more significant absolute error in men). Moreover, men exhibited a greater degree of both constant and variable error than women. Recent research indicates that the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders is higher in women than in males. The results we obtained may contribute to developing strategies to reduce injury risk.
Comparison of head direction cell firing characteristics across thalamo‐parahippocampal circuitry
Authors: Clark Benjamin J. , LaChance Patrick A. , Winter Shawn S. , Mehlman Max L. , Butler Will , LaCour Ariyana , Taube Jeffrey S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHead direction (HD) cells, which fire persistently when an animal's head is pointed in a particular direction, are widely thought to underlie an animal's sense of spatial orientation and have been identified in several limbic brain regions. Robust HD cell firing is observed throughout the thalamo‐parahippocampal system, although recent studies report that parahippocampal HD cells exhibit distinct firing properties, including conjunctive aspects with other spatial parameters, which suggest they play a specialized role in spatial processing. Few studies, however, have quantified these apparent differences. Here, we performed a comparative assessment of HD cell firing characteristics across the anterior dorsal thalamus (ADN), postsubiculum (PoS), parasubiculum (PaS), medial entorhinal (MEC), and postrhinal (POR) cortices. We report that HD cells with a high degree of directional specificity were observed in all five brain regions, but ADN HD cells display greater sharpness and stability in their preferred directions, and greater anticipation of future headings compared to parahippocampal regions. Additional analysis indicated that POR HD cells were more coarsely modulated by other spatial parameters compared to PoS, PaS, and MEC. Finally, our analyses indicated that the sharpness of HD tuning decreased as a function of laminar position and conjunctive coding within the PoS, PaS, and MEC, with cells in the superficial layers along with conjunctive firing properties showing less robust directional tuning. The results are discussed in relation to theories of functional organization of HD cell tuning in thalamo‐parahippocampal circuitry.
Association between ambient exposure to PM2.5 and upper aerodigestive tract cancer in Los Angeles
Authors: Fang Fang , Ritz Beate , Rao Jianyu , Zhu Yifang , Tashkin Donald P. , Morgenstern Hal , Zhang Zuo‐Feng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFine particulate matter (PM2.5) contains carcinogens similar to those generated by tobacco smoking, which may increase the risks of developing smoking‐related cancers, such as upper aerodigestive track (UADT) cancers, for both smokers and never‐smokers. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the relation between ambient PM2.5 exposure and risk of UADT cancers. A population‐based case–control study involving 565 incident UADT cancer cases and 983 controls was conducted in Los Angeles County from 1999 to 2004. The average residential PM2.5 concentration 1 year before the diagnosis date for cases and the reference date for controls was assessed using a chemical transport model. The association between ambient PM2.5 and the UADT cancers was estimated by unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for confounders at the individual and block‐group level. Stratified analyses were conducted by sex, tobacco smoking status and UADT subsites. We also assessed the interaction between PM2.5 and tobacco smoking on UADT cancers. PM2.5 concentrations were associated with an elevated odds of UADT cancers (adjusted odds ratio = 1.21 per interquartile range [4.5 μg/m3] increase; 95% confidence interval: 1.02, 1.44). The association between PM2.5 and UADT cancers was similar across UADT subsites, sex and tobacco smoking status. The interaction between PM2.5 and tobacco smoking on UADT cancers was approximately additive on the odds scale. The effect estimate for PM2.5 and UADT cancers was similar among never smokers. Our findings support the hypothesis that exposure to PM2.5 increases the risk of UADT cancers. Improvements in air quality may reduce the risk of UADT cancers.
Counseling in menopausal women: How to address the benefits and risks of menopause hormone therapy. A FIGO position paper
Authors: Genazzani Andrea R. , Divakar Hema , Khadilkar Suvarna S. , Monteleone Patrizia , Evangelisti Bernadette , Galal Ahmed F. , Priego Paola I. R. , Simoncini Tommaso , Giannini Andrea , Goba Gelila , Benedetto Chiara 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMenopause marks the end of menstrual cyclicity and, depending on individual vulnerability, has several consequences related to gonadal steroid deprivation, especially if it is premature. Menopause may be more burdensome for some women than for others. Individual factors, such as personal history, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and current health conditions, affect symptomatology and, thereby, the menopausal experience. In addition, some menopausal symptoms, such as severe hot flashes, sleep disorders, and depression, are markers of future health risks. Counseling is a fundamental part of health care in the peri‐ and postmenopause periods. It must include an assessment of the patient's symptoms, needs, desires, and risk profile to address the benefits and risks of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) on an individual basis and promote a healthy lifestyle. Indeed, healthcare practitioners can and must protect the health and lives of mid‐life women by increasing awareness of menopausal symptoms and ensuring healthcare options, especially MHT. The type and duration of MHT should be tailored based on the patient's history, menopausal age, physical characteristics, and current health status so that the benefits always outweigh the risks. This FIGO position paper focuses on the benefits and risks of MHT on health domains, target organs, and systems, and on systemic and vaginal MHT regimens, to provide indications that can be used in the clinical practice for menopausal counseling. Moreover, it offers insights into what FIGO considers the mainstay for the healthcare management of women in peri‐ and postmenopause, worldwide.
Active pixel image sensor array for dual vision using large‐area bilayer WS2
Authors: Bala Arindam , Sritharan Mayuri , Liu Na , Naqi Muhammad , Sen Anamika , Han Gyuchull , Rho Hyun Yeol , Yoon Youngki , Kim Sunkook 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTransition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are a promising candidate for developing advanced sensors, particularly for day and night vision systems in vehicles, drones, and security surveillance. While traditional systems rely on separate sensors for different lighting conditions, TMDs can absorb light across a broad‐spectrum range. In this study, a dual vision active pixel image sensor array based on bilayer WS2 phototransistors was implemented. The bilayer WS2 film was synthesized using a combined process of radio‐frequency sputtering and chemical vapor deposition. The WS2‐based thin‐film transistors (TFTs) exhibit high average mobility, excellent Ion/Ioff, and uniform electrical properties. The optoelectronic properties of the TFTs array exhibited consistent behavior and can detect visible to near‐infrared light with the highest responsivity of 1821 A W−1 (at a wavelength of 405 nm) owing to the photogating effect. Finally, red, green, blue, and near‐infrared image sensing capabilities of active pixel image sensor array utilizing light stencil projection were demonstrated. The proposed image sensor array utilizing WS2 phototransistors has the potential to revolutionize the field of vision sensing, which could lead to a range of new opportunities in various applications, including night vision, pedestrian detection, various surveillance, and security systems.image
Effects of aligned PLGA/SrCSH composite scaffolds on in vitro growth and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Liu Lichu , Luo Pin , Liao Honghong , Yang Kuangyang , Yang Shenyu , Tu Mei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractStrontium (Sr) has important functions in bone remodeling. Incorporating strontium‐doped α‐calcium sulfate hemihydrate (SrCSH) into poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) fibrous scaffolds were expected to increase its bio‐activity and provide a potential material for bone tissue engineering. In the present study, Sr‐containing aligned PLGA/SrCSH fibrous scaffolds similar to the architecture of natural bone were prepared via wet spinning. CCK‐8 assay revealed that Sr‐containing scaffolds possessed better bioactivity and supported favorable cell growth effectively. The aligned PLGA/SrCSH fibers exerted a contact effect on cell attachment, inducing regular cell alignment and influencing a series of cell behaviors. Releasing of high concentration Sr from a‐PLGA/SrCSH scaffolds could induce high expression levels of BMP‐2, increase ALP activity and upregulate RUNX‐2 expression, and further promote the expressions of COL‐I and OCN and the maximum mineralization. This study demonstrated that Sr and ordered structure in a‐PLGA/SrCSH fibrous scaffolds could synergistically enhance the osteogenic differentiation of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) by regulating cell arrangement and expressions of osteogenic genes.
Efficacy of collagen conduit wrapping with collagen fibers on nerve regeneration in sciatic nerve injury with partial transection: An experimental study in the rat model
Authors: Tanaka Hiromasa , Kurimoto Shigeru , Hirata Hitoshi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPeripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) include complete and partial transection, crushing, and chronic compression injuries. Hollow absorbable conduits are used to treat complete transection with short defects, while wrapping the injured part with an absorbent material promotes nerve recovery by inhibiting inflammatory cell infiltration and scar tissue formation in crush injuries. For treatment of partially transected nerve injuries (PTNIs), such as injection‐related iatrogenic PNI, whether wrapping the entire nerve, including the injury site, or bridging the transected fascicle with an artificial nerve conduit (ANC) is beneficial remains to be verified. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether wrapping the injured nerve and placing collagen fibers as scaffolds at the nerve defect site contribute to neural recovery in PTNI. A unilateral 5‐mm partial nerve defect was created at the mid‐thigh level in a rat sciatic nerve injury model. Fifty‐four Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats (150–250 g) were divided into three groups (n = 9 each): group 1, collagen fibers were placed in the nerve defect and the sciatic nerve was wrapped with collagen conduit; group 2, the sciatic nerve was wrapped by collagen conduit without collagen fibers; and group 3, nerve defect was reconstructed with collagen‐filled conduit. Nerve regeneration was evaluated by analyses of gait, electrophysiology, wet muscle weight, and axon numbers with immunohistochemistry at 12 and 24 weeks. Dorsiflexion angles among all groups improved significantly from 12 to 24 weeks postoperatively. At 24 weeks postoperatively, compound muscle action potential amplitudes (CMAPs) of tibialis anterior were 5.26 ± 4.64, 1.31 ± 1.17, and 0.14 ± 0.24 mV (p < .05), CMAPs of gastrocnemius were 21.3 ± 5.98, 15.4 ± 5.46, and 13.11 ± 3.91 mV in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively; and the value of group 1 was significantly higher than that of group 3 (p < .05). Axon numbers were 2194 ± 629; 1106 ± 645; and 805 ± 907 in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (p < .05). For PTNI reconstruction, artificial nerve wrap (ANW) was superior to ANC. Providing collagen scaffold at the nerve defect site enhanced nerve recovery during reconstruction with ANW.