bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arc root dynamics in the context of lightning strikes to aircraft
Authors: Andraud V , Martins R Sousa , Zaepffel C , Landfried R , Testé P , Lalande P 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
During lightning strikes to aircraft, there is a displacement of the impacted area on the aircraft’s surface and the dynamic of the arc root is a key to understanding and predicting the damage produced on the aircraft skin. This work aims at studying experimentally this dynamic with a new method of producing sweeping arcs based on a stationary arc and an electromagnetic launcher propelling aeronautical test samples. The experiments are also achieved with a wind tunnel that blows the arc on the test sample for comparison. After a description of the previous experiments of arc root displacement and a distinction between the cathodic and anodic emission processes, this paper characterizes the arc root physical properties with direct visualization through high-speed cameras and electric measurements for different initial conditions. The results are separated by the arc root polarity and discussed to give an insight into the influence of the experimental conditions on the interaction between the electric arc root and the test sample during swept-stroke. It is shown that for a cathodic arc root, the nature of the displacement—continuous or jumping—highly depends on the current level and the speed of the relative motion between the electric arc and the test sample. For an anodic arc roots, the variations of these parameters provoke jumping modes of displacement with different characteristics.
A building electrical system fault diagnosis method based on random forest optimized by improved sparrow search algorithm
Authors: Li Zhangling , Wang Qi , Xiong Jianbin , Cen Jian , Dai Qingyun , Liang Qiong , Lu Tiantian 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Addressing the problems of manual dependence and low accuracy of traditional building electrical system fault diagnosis, this paper proposes a novel method, which is based on random forest (RF) optimized by improved sparrow search algorithm (ISSA-RF). Firstly, the method utilizes a fault collection platform to acquire raw signals of various faults. Secondly, the features of these signals are extracted by time-domain and frequency-domain analysis. Furthermore, principal component analysis is employed to reduce the dimensionality of the extracted features. Finally, the reduced features are input into ISSA-RF for classification. In ISSA-RF, the ISSA is used to optimize the parameters of the RF. The parameters for ISSA optimization are n_estimators and min_samples_leaf. In this case, the accuracy of the proposed method can reach 98.61% through validation experiment. In addition, the proposed method also exhibits superior performance compared with traditional fault classification algorithms and the latest building electrical fault diagnosis algorithms.
Optimized absorption of light in perovskite nanowire solar cells
Authors: Salimian Sina , Anttu Nicklas 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Metal halide perovskite nanowires (PrvNWs) have recently emerged as an interesting path for nanostructured solar cells. Here, we model the absorption of light in PrvNW arrays for varying diameter and length of the PrvNWs and period for the array by solving the Maxwell equations. For long enough bare PrvNW arrays, we find that the optimum diameter is fixed to that which places the absorption peak from the HE11 waveguide mode in the PrvNWs to the vicinity of the bandgap wavelength. In contrast, when we include a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) top contact layer, the optimum diameter shifts to a larger value by 100 nm. The origin of this shift is traced to a reduced reflection at the interface between the TCO layer and the PrvNW array when the PrvNW’s diameter is larger. Overall, we find that 1500 nm long PrvNWs can reach 90% of the broadband absorption potential, making this system of high interest for photovoltaics.
Optimisation of the processing parameters for the fabrication of high-quality joints between Y–Ba–Cu–O single grain, bulk superconductors
Authors: Congreve J V J , Shi Y , Druiff H , Dennis A R , Taylor R W , Bumby C W , Cardwell D A , Durrell J H 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
High-strength permanent magnets are essential for a wide range of technologies, including levitation devices, motors, generators and magnetic separators. Replacing permanent magnets with single grain, bulk superconductors will enable a step-change in the performance of these technologies by providing an order-of-magnitude increase in magnetic field. However, there remain many key challenges to the practical implementation of bulk superconductors, of which size and geometry are the most fundamental. The current limits to the size and geometry of (RE)-Ba–Cu–O single grain, bulk superconductors would be overcome substantially by the ability to fabricate high-quality joints between these technologically important materials. In this work we present new insights into the creation of superconducting joints between single grain bulk YBCO superconductors using a YBCO-Ag intermediate composition. We have investigated the effect of the joint fabrication temperature on the quality of the joint in order to begin to optimise the joint fabrication route for YBCO. We report on 35 joints produced at different joining temperatures as part of this study. The trapped field properties of the resulting joined samples were measured and the microstructure at each joint was examined. We show that this simple and rapid joining technique is robust to small changes in joint fabrication temperature and suggest routes to further optimise this potentially transformative technique.
Influence of thickness and domain structure on the vortex instability of superconducting/ferromagnetic bilayers
Authors: Blatter G , Sirena M , Lee Yeonkyu , Yun Jinyoung , Kim Jeehoon , Biasi E De , Haberkorn N 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We report on the vortex instability in superconducting/ferromagnetic (FM) bilayers. Samples consisting of a 23 nm thick Mo2N superconducting layer with a capping layer of Co, Fe20Ni80, or FePt ferromagnets were grown by sputtering at room temperature on silicon (100). Our study reveals that the critical vortex velocity in these superconducting bilayers is significantly influenced by the thickness of the FM layers rather than the specific magnetic domain structure. When comparing samples with FM layers of 10 nm and 50 nm thickness, we observe a notable increase in vortex velocities at low magnetic fields, with speeds rising from approximately 3.5 km s−1 to around 6 km s−1 as the thickness increases. This trend extends to moderate and high magnetic fields. Furthermore, we establish a direct correlation between vortex velocities and the thermal conductance of the FM layers. These findings provide valuable insights for the interplay of magnetic and thermal properties within these hybrid systems, with potential implications for the design of future devices and applications.
Wavefront reconstruction based on ASH-Net with less lenslets SHWFS
Authors: Wang Hongyan , Zhang Qi , Hu Ming , Xu Xingyu , Wu Jingjing , Hu Lifa 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Generally, the number of lenslets in Shack–Hartman wavefront sensor (SHWFS) determines its spatial sampling frequency. However, increasing the number of lenslets is limited by the data processing delay time and low sensitivity in the adaptive optics system. In this paper, a wavefront reconstruction method based on ASH-Net for SHWFS is presented to recover the distorted wavefront from the light spots array with high accuracy with a spatial sampling frequency than traditionally required. The results show that the maximum number of Zernike modes recovered by the method is 36, 54, and 70 for 4 × 4, 6 × 6, and 8 × 8 lenslets arrays, respectively. Residual wavefront root mean square values are as low as about 0.02 μm, corresponding to a Strehl Ratio of 0.99. This method breaks the limitation that the number of reconstructed Zernike modes in the traditional wavefront reconstruction algorithm must be less than the number of effective lenslets. Experiments in lab are used to validate the method. Additionally, fewer lenslets is valuable to improve the detection capability of SHWFS for faint targets. This is important for applications of adaptive optics in areas such as astronomy and retinal imaging.
High sensitive optical thermometry based on redshift of charge transfer band in Ba2CaWO6:Eu3+ phosphors
Authors: Xie Jialiang , Zhong Lei , Jiang Sha , Wang Yutong , Li Yanru , Huang Binyao , Li Li , Wang Yongjie , Xiang Guotao , Zhou Xianju 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Optical thermometry has emerged as a promising technology to overcome the limitations of traditional thermometry techniques. Herein, we report an Eu3+-activated tungstate Ba2CaWO6 phosphors for luminescent thermometry with a maximum relative sensitivity of 4.84% based on a single-band ratiometric technique. By monitoring the 5D0 → 7F1 (595 nm) emission of Eu3+, excitation spectrum of the as-prepared sample was measured, showing a dominant broad band ranging from 240 to 345 nm corresponding to the O2−-W6+ charge transfer band (CTB). The intensity of CTB gradually decreases and the CTB edge shows an appreciable red shift when the temperature increases due to thermal population of the [WO6]6− moiety at higher vibrational levels. The opposite temperature dependences of the two specific excitations, one at the peak of CTB and the other from the edge of CTB, were employed to design a luminescence intensity ratio thermometry scheme in the tungstate. When compared to other related schemes, our scheme showed a higher relative sensitivity.
Flexible pressure sensor constructed by polyurethane composite conductive sponge
Authors: Dong Liang , Li Chen , Zhou Youjun , Zhao Mengxi , Song Longgang , Han Peiying , Zhang Heng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
As the main core component of wearable devices, flexible strain sensors have broad application prospects in health monitoring, motion monitoring, human-machine interface, rehabilitation, entertainment technology and other fields. In this paper, a rectangular sandwich resistive pressure sensor is constructed with porous conductive sponge, and its working mechanism is analyzed. The linearity of the sensor is improved and the stress range is increased by gel modification. Through experimental tests, it can withstand more than 80% compressive strain, and shows a sensitivity of 0.398 kPa−1 in the range of 6 ∼ 11 kPa; the maximum range is close to 40 kPa, and the minimum detection limit is 20 Pa; under constant loading/releasing speed, the response/recovery time is about 133/150 ms; it also shows good linearity and stability. With the help of a single sensor entity, Morse code can be sent, and some human activity signals can be measured, such as speech recognition, weighing measurement, limb movement; and 8 sensors create an interesting smart insole for gait recognition. The results show that piezoresistive sensors with porous composite materials have broad application prospects in motion monitoring and human-computer interaction.
OP08 Multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of inflammatory bowel disease identifies 125 novel loci and directly implicates new genes in disease susceptibility
Authors: Fachal L 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified 320 loci associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). About 15% of these loci include genes that lie in pathways targeted by drugs currently approved to treat IBD. Thus, identifying new loci can not only provide further insights into causal biology but also reveal novel therapeutic targets.

Methods
We performed a multi-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis of 67 cohorts, from European, East Asian and South Asian populations. The final dataset included 125,992 IBD patients (59,734 with CD; 57,565 with UC) and more than 1.2 million population controls (Fig 1).
Genotype imputation was undertaken using the TOPMed diverse population panel and association tests were performed using REGENIE. The results were meta-analysed using a fixed effects meta-analysis via Metal.
To prioritise effector genes and generate therapeutic hypotheses, we integrated our results with bulk and single cell transcriptome data from relevant tissues and cell types. Through colocalization analyses we identified those signals driving the expression of nearby genes (cis-eQTL), suggesting that aberrant expression of these genes underpins the association.

Results
We identified 290 new independent disease susceptibility association signals. Out of these, 125 new signals are located &gt;1Mb from any previously reported loci. Six new loci contain genes implicated in monogenic syndromes that include colitis GUCY2C, G6PC3, NFKBIA, PIK3CD, PIK3R1, ZBTB24.
Up to 40% of all disease susceptibility association signals colocalize with a cis-eQTL. For instance, a new variant associated with increased risk of UC (P=8x10-14) decreases the expression of the transmembrane mitochondrial protein TSPO in T cells, B cells, macrophages, and transverse colon. Pro-inflammatory macrophages show consistent TSPO downregulation. Loss of TSPO in mice causes exacerbated DSS-induced colitis. Ongoing clinical trials are evaluating whether targeting this gene could ameliorate the immune response in multiple sclerosis patients. We also identified a new CD susceptibility variant (P=3x10-16) associated with increased expression of WNK1 in monocytes and macrophages. Whereas loss of WNK1 in mice show increased expression of IL-1B in response to NLRP3 inflammasome activation; it also stimulates autophagy through the upregulation of the PI3KC3 complex. Impaired autophagy has shown to be key in promoting CD susceptibility.

Conclusion
Integrating molecular data from multiple cell types and conditions not only expands our ability to determine novel candidate causal genes, it also provides additional evidence of the utility of genetics as an instrument to guide the development of new therapeutic drugs or the repurposing of existing molecules.
DOP20 Changes in systemic antibody epitope repertoires from preclinical to established Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Bourgonje A R , Andreu-Sánchez S , Gacesa R , Klompus S , Kalka I N , Leviatan S , Weinberger A , Segal E , Fu J , Zhernakova A , Vogl T , Weersma R K 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), encompassing Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), exhibit unique immunological changes early in development. Although &gt;300 IBD-specific antibody responses have been identified1, systemic antibody epitope repertoires of preclinical IBD remain elusive. This study aimed to profile systemic antibody responses at unprecedented depth in individuals before and after the onset of IBD, aiming to identify preclinical disease biomarkers.

Methods
This study included individuals participating in the Lifelines Cohort Study, a large prospective population-based cohort study in the Netherlands including 167,000 individuals with longitudinal follow-up. Participants without IBD at baseline were screened for any reported IBD diagnosis during follow-up (2006-2021). Individuals who reported IBD during follow-up and with available serum samples were included. Samples at baseline (pre-diagnosis) and during follow-up (post-diagnosis) were used to profile antibody repertoires against 344,000 rationally selected microbial-, food-, and immune antigens using phage-display immunoprecipitation sequencing (PhIP-Seq).

Results
A total of 178 individuals with new-onset IBD were identified (Fig. 1). Median follow-up time until diagnosis was 3.9 (IQR: 3.4-4.3) years. Most individuals reported newly developed UC (n=123, 69.1%), followed by CD (n=44, 24.7%), and undetermined IBD (IBD-U, n=11, 6.2%). A total of 5,174 antibody responses were observed in 5-95% of participants. Fifty-nine antibodies were differentially abundant (FDR&lt;0.05) pre-diagnosis vs. post-diagnosis (Fig. 2), 14 of which (24%) were previously reported as IBD-specific1. Thirteen were more (22%) and 46 less (78%) frequently observed post-diagnosis. Those developing UC exhibited 33 differentially abundant antibody responses, while those with CD exhibiting only four (FDR&lt;0.05). Individuals developing IBD exhibited lower frequencies of antibody responses against EBV-associated peptides post-diagnosis, e.g. Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA-1) and capsid protein V26, and varicella-zoster virus, alongside higher antibody responses against bacterial flagellins. Individuals developing UC showed elevated antibody responses mainly against viruses (e.g. human adenovirus C, enteroviruses B/C) and particular pathogenic bacterial species (e.g. pneumococcal histidine triad proteins) post-diagnosis compared to pre-diagnosis.

Conclusion
Distinct antibody responses appear years before IBD diagnosis, indicating potential involvement in pre-clinical disease development. Furthermore, post-diagnosis, lower frequencies of antibody responses against EBV may suggest reduced immunogenicity against this virus in early disease pathogenesis.
1. Bourgonje et al. Immunity. 2023.
DOP21 Histo-endoscopic remission (HEMR) Predicts Future Relapse in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis and is Associated with Lower Colectomy Risk
Authors: Lenfant M , De Hertogh G , Sabino J , Verstockt B , Ferrante M , Vermeire S 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Treating beyond clinical and endoscopic remission, aiming for histological remission, is an aspiring target in ulcerative colitis [UC]. Hence, combined histo-endoscopic endpoints are increasingly being embraced. We assessed different degrees of histologic remission in patients with UC and their association with long-term outcomes.

Methods
UC patients achieving endoscopic improvement (Mayo endoscopic score [MES] ≤1) were recruited at colonoscopy. Clinical data were retrospectively collected from medical records. Endoscopies were video-recorded and biopsies from the most affected segment were collected for histological assessment and RNAseq (in case of MES 0 rectosigmoid biopsies were collected according to previous disease extent). Geboes Score [GS] and Robarts Histopathology Index [RHI] were determined for each biopsy by two pathologists blinded to the endoscopic scores. Non-histo-endoscopic remission [NHR], histo-endoscopic mucosal remission [HEMR] and histo-endoscopic mucosal normalization [HEMN] were defined as GS ≥2B.1, GS &lt;2B.1 and GS ≤0.1. Clinical relapse was defined as the need for dose optimization, switching therapy or initiation of corticosteroids during follow-up. Long-term outcomes were analysed using log-rank test and Cox regression.

Results
Between 2016 and 2022, a total of 172 UC patients were included (Table). Endoscopic remission (MES 0) was achieved in 104 (60.4%) patients. NHR, HEMR and HEMN were observed in 15 (14.4%), 69 (85.6%), 51 (49.0%) of MES 0 patients and 32 (47.1%), 36 (52.9%), 18 (26.5%) of MES 1 patients. During a median [IQR] follow-up of 2.8 (1.9-3.9) years, 51 (29.7%) patients relapsed, and 7 (4.0%) patients needed colectomy. Relapse- and colectomy-free survival (Figure) were significantly higher when comparing HEMR to NHR (p&lt;0.001 for both). This difference was not observed for endoscopic score (MES 0 vs. 1) or different degrees of histologic remission (HEMN vs. HEMR). The univariate Cox regression showed that histo-endoscopic activity, clinical activity (i.e., patient reported outcomes (PRO-2) for stool frequency or rectal bleeding &gt; 0) and prior advanced therapy failure were associated with an increased risk of relapse. The multivariate Cox regression identified histo-endoscopic activity as the only risk factor for relapse (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]) = 3.01, 95% confidence interval [1.69-5.34], p&lt;0.001).

Conclusion
In this cohort of UC patients with endoscopic improvement, 14.4% of MES 0 and 47.1% of MES 1 patients still showed signs of histologic activity (i.e., presence of neutrophils in the lamina propria or epithelium. Histologic remission was a superior predictor of future outcome (relapse, colectomy) when compared to endoscopic remission and showed to be the sole predictor of relapse.
DOP52 Guselkumab improves symptoms of fatigue in patients with moderately to severely active Ulcerative Colitis: Phase 3 QUASAR induction study results at Week 12
Authors: Dignass A , Panés J , Rubin D T , Huang K H G , Germinaro M , Pandya D , Han C , Miao Y , Zhang H , Gu F , Rowbotham D , Mihaly E , Bressler B , Lichtenstein G R , Allegretti J R 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Fatigue is a common symptom in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) that impairs health-related quality of life. The Phase 3 QUASAR Induction Study (NCT04033445) was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter study of guselkumab (GUS), an interleukin-23 p19 subunit antagonist, in patients with moderately to severely active UC. The impact of GUS IV induction on patient-reported symptoms of fatigue is reported here.

Methods
Patients were randomized 3:2 to receive GUS 200 mg IV or placebo IV at Weeks 0, 4, and 8. At baseline and Week 12, patients completed the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS)-Fatigue Short Form 7a (SF7a) which includes 7 items to evaluate symptoms of fatigue (ie, tiredness, exhaustion, mental tiredness, and lack of energy) and associated impacts on daily activities (ie, activity limitations related to work, self-care, and exercise). PROMIS-Fatigue-SF7a raw scores were converted to a standard T-score based on a general US population of mean=50 and SD=10. Higher scores indicate more severe fatigue symptoms. PROMIS-Fatigue SF7a outcomes were evaluated at Week 12 based on the improvements of ≥3, ≥5 and ≥7 points from baseline in PROMIS-Fatigue SF7a T-score. A ≥7-point improvement was defined as fatigue response (multiplicity-controlled secondary endpoint). A cumulative distribution function (CDF) curve and a probability density function (PDF) plot were used to demonstrate consistency of fatigue response.

Results
Seven hundred one patients were randomized and treated in the primary analysis population (mean UC duration, 7.5yrs, Mayo endoscopy subscore=3 [severe disease], 67.9%, and mean modified Mayo score, 6.9, at baseline). The mean (SD) PROMIS-Fatigue SF7a T-scores at baseline were similar between the treatment groups: 56.0 (8.77) for GUS 200 mg IV and 56.4 (8.90) for placebo IV. At Week 12, the mean change from baseline in PROMIS-Fatigue SF7a T-score was -5.7 for GUS and -2.1 for placebo (nominal p&lt;0.001). Compared with placebo at Week 12, a higher proportion of GUS-treated patients achieved fatigue response (Table 1) and clinically meaningful ≥3-point and ≥5-point improvements in PROMIS-Fatigue SF7a T-scores (56.8% and 49.4% vs 34.6% and 26.4%, respectively, both nominal p&lt;0.001). Both the CDF curve and PDF plot demonstrated consistency of greater treatment effect of GUS on fatigue vs placebo (Figure 1).

Conclusion
Moderately to severely active UC patients who received GUS induction treatment showed greater improvement in patient-reported symptoms of fatigue at Week 12 compared with placebo-treated patients.