bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Who am I when I don't know who I am? The problem of personal identity in infants and elderly with cognitive disabilities
Authors: Alonso Marcos 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article addresses the problem of whether we can speak of personal identity in cases of infants or elderly with cognitive disabilities as hydrocephaly or dementia, lives that could be considered borderline in terms of personal identity because they lack certain characteristics normally considered indispensable for personal life. Taking as a reference recent discussions on personal identity, particularly the narrative theories of Hilde Lindemann, Françoise Baylis and Marya Schechtman, the article analyses in what sense, under what assumptions, and in what way such a thing could be defended. Finally, some problems and objections to these approaches are considered.
A case‐control survey study of environmental risk factors for primary hypoadrenocorticism in dogs
Authors: Treeful Amy E. , Searle Kelly M. , Carroll Dana M. , Yost Kathleen J. , Hedger Anna L. , Friedenberg Steven G. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrimary hypoadrenocorticism in dogs is thought to be multifactorial with roles for both genetic and environmental factors. The contributions of environmental factors remain unexplored.ObjectiveIdentify environmental and lifestyle exposures associated with primary hypoadrenocorticism in 2 dog breeds with high risk of developing the disease.AnimalsAnimals were not used in this study. Owners of Standard Poodles (STPDs) and Portuguese water dogs (POWDs) participated in a survey.MethodsRetrospective case‐control study. Dog owners were invited to participate in an online survey through convenience sampling. Questions regarded the demographics, health histories, and indoor/outdoor environments in which their dogs live and play. Responses for dogs with primary hypoadrenocorticism were compared to those without the disease using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models.ResultsFive thousand forty‐seven responses (358 cases, 4689 controls) met initial inclusion criteria. Significant associations with modest effect size were found for community type, ingestion of canned food, and use of lawn fertilizer in some analysis models. Reproductive (spay/neuter) status exhibited the strongest association with high effect size across all models with adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4‐4.5; P = .003) for spayed females and 6.0 (95% CI, 2.6‐13.9; P < .001) for neutered males.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe large effect size for reproductive status reflects its high potential clinical relevance, whereas modest effect sizes for other environmental variables suggest lower potential clinical relevance. These findings are associations and do not necessarily imply causation. Before any actionable recommendations are warranted, additional evidence regarding biological mechanisms is needed.
Novel stripe rust effector boosts the transcription of a host susceptibility factor through affecting histone modification to promote infection in wheat
Authors: Duan Wanlu , Hao Zhenkai , Pang Huihui , Peng Yuxi , Xu Yiwen , Zhang Yanfei , Zhang Ying , Kang Zhensheng , Zhao Jing 
Published: October 2023

Summary
Regulation of host gene expression to promote disease is a common strategy for plant pathogens. However, it remains unclear whether or not fungal pathogens manipulate host gene expression directly through secreted effectors with transcriptional activity.
Here, we identified a fungal effector PstGTA1 from Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), which has partial homology to the subunit of global transcriptional activator SNF2 from oyster. The transcriptional activating activity of PstGTA1 was validated in yeast, and the potential role of PstGTA1 in pathogenicity was assessed using gene silenced and overexpression transgenic wheat plants. Candidate targets regulated by PstGTA1 were screened by transcriptomic analysis, and the specific promoter region binding to PstGTA1 was further determined.
PstGTA1 can be delivered to the wheat cell nucleus and contributes to the full virulence of Pst by targeting the promoter of TaSIG, a gene negatively regulating wheat immunity, and possibly activates its transcription by affecting the histone H3K4 acetylation level.
Our study provides the first direct evidence for a fungal effector with transactivation activity modulating the transcription of a host specific susceptibility gene through promoter binding and histone acetylation.
Support for unconditional basic income in Spain: A materialist or post‐materialist issue?
Authors: Guerendiain‐Gabás Itziar , Gil de Montes Lorena , Bobowik Magdalena , Arnoso‐Martínez Maitane 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUnconditional basic income (UBI) is a redistributive policy proposal that is receiving increasing attention in the Spanish political sphere. Welfare attitudes literature has shown that support for UBI is higher among left‐wing citizens and those of lower socioeconomic status. However, previous studies have not addressed the mediating role of ideological values such as egalitarianism or meritocratism in supporting UBI. Furthermore, studies have not considered the interactive relationship between ideological and self‐interest motives when studying attitudes toward UBI. Drawing on modernization theory, we propose that individuals' socioeconomic status conditions the role of ideological motivations in shaping support for UBI. To test this hypothesis, we study data from two different surveys conducted in Spain in 2017 (N = 1958) and 2021 (N = 2004). Our findings suggest that ideology is a less relevant motivation for supporting UBI among the Spanish citizens of lower socioeconomic status, but it becomes increasingly salient among higher‐status citizens. Among the latter, egalitarian values lead leftists to support UBI, whereas anti‐egalitarian and meritocratic values lead rightists to anti‐UBI positions. We discuss these findings within the framework of modernization theory, addressing support for UBI by different social groups and the ability of this policy proposal to elicit broad‐based support.
Salicylate and jasmonate intertwine in ROS‐triggered chloroplast‐to‐nucleus retrograde signaling
Authors: Bali Shagun , Gautam Ayushi , Dhiman Aarzoo , Michael Rahul , Dogra Vivek 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPlants, being sessile, are frequently exposed to environmental perturbations, affecting their sustenance and survival. In response, distinct inherent mechanisms emerged during plant evolution to deal with environmental stresses. Among various organelles, chloroplast plays an indispensable role in plant cells. Besides providing the site for photosynthesis and biosynthesis of many important primary and secondary metabolites, including hormones, chloroplasts also act as environmental sensors. Any environmental perturbation directly influences the photosynthetic electron transport chain, leading to excess accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing oxidative damages to biomolecules in the vicinity. To prevent excess ROS accumulation and the consequent oxidative damages, the chloroplast activates retrograde signaling (RS) pathways to reprogramme nuclear gene expression, defining plant's response to stress. Based on levels and site of ROS accumulation, distinct biomolecules are oxidized, generating specific derivatives that act as genuine signaling molecules, triggering specific RS pathways to instigate distinctive responses, including growth inhibition, acclimation, and programmed cell death. Though various RS pathways independently modulate nuclear gene expression, they also implicate the defense hormone salicylic acid (SA) and oxylipins, including 12‐oxo‐phytodienoic acid (OPDA) and jasmonic acid (JA), by promoting their biosynthesis and utilizing them for intra‐ and intercellular communications. Several studies reported the involvement of both hormones in individual RS pathways, but the precise dissection of their activation and participation in a given RS pathway remains an enigma. The present review describes the current understanding of how SA and JA intertwine in ROS‐triggered RS pathways. We have also emphasized the future perspectives for elucidating stress specificity and spatiotemporal accumulation of respective hormones in a given RS pathway.
Linking rifted margin crustal shape with the timing and volume of magmatism
Authors: Chenin Pauline , Tomasi Simon , Kusznir Nick , Manatschal Gianreto 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDetermining the volume and timing of magmatism during rifting and breakup is challenging due to the similar density and seismic velocity of inherited continental crust, magmatic additions and serpentinized mantle; and the difficulty of dating magmatic additions. Here rules of thumb to estimate these are proposed based on the characteristics of the top basement and Moho on seismically imaged margins. A simple kinematic model is used to generate first‐order crustal shapes of margins as a function of magma volume and timing of emplacement, which are successfully compared to a representative number of rifted margins. It appears that ‘magma‐rich margins’ require melt emplacement in advance of crustal thinning but not necessarily enhanced melt volume, while margins with exhumed mantle require a delay in melt emplacement but not necessarily a low magmatic volume. An alternative classification for the magma‐poor/magma‐rich dichotomy is proposed to better represent the crustal shape variability of rifted margins.
Cytomegalovirus‐driven early‐onset lymphocytosis in hematopoietic allogeneic transplant mimicking a T‐cell lymphoma progression
Authors: Eirís Juan , Aguilar Cristóbal , Guerreiro Manuel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHepatosplenic T‐cell lymphoma (HSTCL) is an uncommon and highly aggressive subtype of peripheral T‐cell lymphoma characterized by liver, spleen, and bone marrow involvement. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) is the only curative treatment for HSTCL, but it carries a significant risk of relapse. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation is a frequent complication after alloHSCT, particularly in patients undergoing lymphocyte‐toxic therapies. A 27‐year‐old man diagnosed with HSTCL underwent an alloHSCT with active disease after six lines of therapy. A CMV reactivation was successfully treated with foscarnet. A sudden reappearance of symptomatic lymphocytosis (15,550/μL) by day +20, prior to engraftment, raised suspicion of disease progression. A comprehensive diagnostic work‐up revealed an oligoclonal expansion of donor lymphocytes along with complete donor chimerism, leading to an alternative diagnosis of a CMV‐driven T‐cell expansion. This was confirmed by an in vitro assay testing T‐cell specificity against CMV. The patient achieved both complete response and complete donor chimerism despite persisting lymphocytosis, but ultimately relapsed. This case highlights the importance of diagnostic tools in understanding disease progression and guiding treatment decisions.
Draft genome sequence of
Enterobacter hormaechei
DVZ29, an iodide-oxidizing bacterium isolated from the Hanford site
Authors: Robinson Courtney J. , Smith Robert L. , Howard M. Hope , Saunders Danielle L. , Lee Brady D. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Enterobacter hormaechei
DVZ29 was isolated from a sediment trap incubated in an
129
I plume at the Hanford Site (Washington State, USA). A whole genome sequencing of the strain resulted in 32 contigs and revealed that the genome is 4.90 Mb, with a G + C content of 55.61%.
XanFur, a novel Fur protein induced by H
2
O
2
, positively regulated by the global transcriptional regulator Clp and required for the full virulence of
Xanthomonas oryzae
pv.
oryzae
in rice
Authors: Zhang Yu-Qiang , Song Xiao-Yan , Liu Fengquan 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Bacterial leaf blight caused by
Xanthomonas oryzae
pv.
oryzae
(
Xoo
) is one of the most destructive diseases in rice. However, the pathogenic mechanisms of
Xoo
have not been fully understood. In this study, we identified a novel ferric uptake regulator (Fur) protein, XanFur, in
Xoo,
which is conserved among the major pathogens of
Xanthomonas
species, but has no obvious sequence identity with reported Fur proteins. Gene deletion indicated that
xanfur
is required for the full virulence of
Xoo
in rice. The expression of
xanfur
was significantly induced by 0.1 mM H
2
O
2
and its deletion caused a significant decrease in the tolerance of
Xoo
to H
2
O
2
, suggesting that
xanfur
is likely involved in the resistance of
Xoo
to the oxidative stress caused by H
2
O
2
in rice. The loss of
xanfur
also caused significant reduction in extracellular polysaccharide production, biofilm formation, and cell motility, suggesting that
xanfur
may be also involved in regulating these virulence determinants of
Xoo
. Furthermore, both
in vivo
and
in vitro
experimental results demonstrated that the global transcriptional regulator Clp positively regulated the expression of
xanfur
by directly binding to its promoter region, especially in the presence of 0.1 mM H
2
O
2
, presenting the cellular regulatory pathway for the expression of this gene. These results not only contribute to a better understanding of the interaction mechanisms between rice and
Xoo
, but also provide reference to developing high-effective bactericides by targeting to the Fur protein in
Xoo
to control bacterial leaf blight in rice.

IMPORTANCE

Although
Xanthomonas oryzae
pv.
oryzae
(
Xoo
) has been found to be a bacterial pathogen causing bacterial leaf blight in rice for many years, the molecular mechanisms of the rice-
Xoo
interaction has not been fully understood. In this study, we found that XanFur of
Xoo
is a novel ferric uptake regulator (Fur) protein conserved among major pathogenic
Xanthomonas
species. XanFur is required for the virulence of
Xoo
in rice, and likely involved in regulating the virulence determinants of
Xoo
. The expression of
xanfur
is induced by H
2
O
2
, and positively regulated by the global transcriptional regulator Clp. Our results reveal the function and regulation of the novel virulence-related Fur protein XanFur in
Xoo,
providing new insights into the interaction mechanisms of rice-
Xoo
.
Antiasthmatic prescriptions in children with and without congenital anomalies: a population-based study
Authors: Divin Natalie , Given Joanne Emma , Tan Joachim , Astolfi Gianni , Ballardini Elisa , Barrachina-Bonet Laia , Cavero-Carbonell Clara , Coi Alessio , Garne Ester , Gissler Mika , Heino Anna , Jordan Susan , Pierini Anna , Scanlon Ieuan , Urhøj Stine Kjær , Morris Joan K , Loane Maria 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivesTo explore the risk of being prescribed/dispensed medications for respiratory symptoms and breathing difficulties in children with and without congenital anomalies.DesignA EUROlinkCAT population-based data linkage cohort study. Data on children with and without congenital anomalies were linked to prescription databases to identify children who did/did not receive antiasthmatic prescriptions. Data were analysed by age, European region, class of antiasthmatic, anomaly, sex, gestational age and birth cohort.SettingChildren born 2000–2014 in six regions within five European countries.Participants60 662 children with congenital anomalies and 1 722 912 reference children up to age 10 years.Primary outcome measureRelative risks (RR) of >1 antiasthmatic prescription in a year, identified using Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification codes beginning with R03.ResultsThere were significant differences in the prescribing of antiasthmatics in the six regions. Children with congenital anomalies had a significantly higher risk of being prescribed antiasthmatics (RR 1.41, 95% CI 1.35 to 1.48) compared with reference children. The increased risk was consistent across all regions and all age groups. Children with congenital anomalies were more likely to be prescribed beta-2 agonists (RR 1.71, 95% CI 1.60 to 1.83) and inhaled corticosteroids (RR 1.74, 95% CI 1.61 to 1.87). Children with oesophageal atresia, genetic syndromes and chromosomal anomalies had over twice the risk of being prescribed antiasthmatics compared with reference children. Children with congenital anomalies born <32 weeks gestational age were over twice as likely to be prescribed antiasthmatics than those born at term (RR 2.20, 95% CI 2.10 to 2.30).ConclusionThis study documents the additional burden of respiratory symptoms and breathing difficulties for children with congenital anomalies, particularly those born preterm, compared with children without congenital anomalies in the first 10 years of life. These findings are beneficial to clinicians and healthcare providers as they identify children with greater morbidity associated with respiratory symptoms, as indicated by antiasthmatic prescriptions.
Protocol for a randomised, multicentre, four-arm, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial to assess the benefits and safety of iron supplementation with malaria chemoprevention to children in Malawi: IRMA trial
Authors: Mwangi Martin N. , Mzembe Glory , Ngwira Chikondi C. , Vokhiwa Maclean , Kapulula Mayamiko D. , Larson Leila M. , Braat Sabine , Harding Rebecca , McLean Alistair R. D. , Hamadani Jena D. , Biggs Beverley-Ann , Ataíde Ricardo , Phiri Kamija S. , Pasricha Sant-Rayn 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionApproximately 40% of children aged 6–59 months worldwide are anaemic. Iron-containing multiple micronutrient powders (MNPs) and iron supplements (syrup/drops) are used to combat anaemia in children in different parts of the world. However, evidence for functional benefits of iron supplementation in children is scarce, and potential risks remain poorly defined, particularly concerning diarrhoea and malaria. This trial aims to determine if: (1) the efficacy of iron supplements or MNPs (containing iron) given with malaria chemoprevention is superior to malaria chemoprevention alone, or (2) if the efficacy of malaria chemoprevention alone is superior to placebo on child cognitive development.Methods and analysisIRMA is a four-arm, parallel-group, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, triple-dummy, randomised trial in Southern Malawi. The study recruits 2168 infants aged 6 months, with an intervention period of 6 months and a post-intervention period of a further 6 months. Children are randomised into four arms: (1) No intervention (placebo); (2) malaria chemoprevention only; (3) MNPs and malaria chemoprevention; and (4) iron syrup and malaria chemoprevention. The primary outcome, cognitive development (Cognitive Composite Score (CogCS)), is measured at the end of the 6 months intervention. Secondary outcomes include CogCS at a further 6 months post-intervention, motor, language and behavioural development, physical growth and prevalence of anaemia and iron deficiency. Safety outcomes include incidence of malaria and other infections, and prevalence of malaria parasitaemia during and post-intervention period.Ethics and disseminationThe trial is approved by the National Health Sciences Research Committee (#19/01/2213) (Malawi) and the Human Research Ethics Committee (WEHI: 19/012) (Australia). Written informed consent in the local language is obtained from each participant before conducting any study-related procedure. Results will be shared with the local community and internationally with academic and policy stakeholders.Trial registration numberACTRN12620000386932.
Predictive value of perioperative procalcitonin, C reactive protein and high-sensitivity C reactive protein for the risk of postoperative complications after non-cardiac surgery in elderly patients: a nested case–control study
Authors: Chen Yali , Zhao Yi , Liu Juan , Teng Yi , Ou Mengchan , Hao Xuechao 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveLittle is known about the correlation between perioperative concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers and postoperative complications. This study explored whether the plasma concentrations and perioperative changes of procalcitonin (PCT), C reactive protein (CRP) and high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP) could predict the risk of postoperative morbidity in elderly patients undergoing elective non-cardiac surgery.DesignA nested case–control study.SettingA tertiary hospital in China.ParticipantsA total of 498 patients aged ≥65 years from a prospective cohort who underwent elective non-cardiac surgery between June 2020 and April 2021.Primary outcome measuresThe primary outcomes were the efficacy of plasma concentrations of PCT, CRP and hsCRP in predicting the risk of Clavien-Dindo Classification (CDC) ≥grade 3 and major complications. The major complications included mortality, an intensive care unit stay length >24 hour, cardiovascular events, acute kidney injury, postoperative cognitive dysfunction and infections.ResultsFor major complications, the area under the curve (AUC) (95% CI) of PCT-24 hours, PCT change and PCT change rate were 0.750 (0.698 to 0.803), 0.740 (0.686 to 0.795) and 0.711 (0.651 to 0.771), respectively. The AUC (95% CI) of CRP-24 hours, CRP change, CRP change rate and hsCRP baseline were 0.835 (0.789 to 0.881), 0.818 (0.770 to 0.867), 0.691 (0.625 to 0.756) and 0.616 (0.554 to 0.678), respectively. For complications ≥CDC grade 3, the AUC (95% CI) of PCT-24 hours, PCT change and PCT change rate were 0.662 (0.543 to 0.780), 0.643 (0.514 to 0.772) and 0.627 (0.494 to 0.761), respectively. The AUC (95% CI) of CRP-24 hours and hsCRP baseline were 0.649 (0.527 to 0.771) and 0.639 (0.530 to 0.748), respectively.ConclusionsPCT-24 hours, CRP-24 hours, the change of perioperative PCT and CRP were valuable predictors of major complications occurring within 30 days after non-cardiac surgery in the elderly.Trial registration numberChina Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR1900026223.