bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors related to functional capacity in community‐dwelling elderly
Authors: Kawamoto Ryuichi , Yoshida Osamu , Oka Yuichiro 
Published: April 2004

Background:  The objectives of this study were to clarify the relationship between functional capacity and background factors in community‐dwelling elderly people.Methods:  Study subjects were 1070 community‐dwelling persons aged 65 and older in 2001 who could provide complete responses to questionnaires regarding functional capacity. All subjects were enrolled from the April 2001 resident registry of Nomura‐cho in Ehime prefecture. Functional capacity was measured using the 13 items of the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology (TMIG) index for competence (instrumental self‐maintenance, intellectual activity, social role).Results:  Subjects consisted of 472 men (mean age ± standard deviation, 73 ± 6.5 years) and 598 women (75 ± 7.6 years). Functional capacity decreased with age. In particular, functional capacity was markedly decreased in women at highly advanced ages. Multiple logistic regression analysis of functional capacity showed that significantly independent explanatory variables included younger age, good financial condition, participation in community activities, regular physical exercise, absence of prescription medication, absence of hearing impairment, absence of cognitive impairment and physical independence.Conclusion:  These results indicate that good financial condition, participation in community activities, regular physical exercise, absence of prescription medication, absence of hearing impairment, absence of cognitive impairment and physical independence are important for maintaining functional capacity in elderly people. Early preventive measures are necessary to combat decline in functional capacity, particularly in women at highly advanced ages.
Nitric oxide synthase expression is increased by occlusal force in rat periodontal ligament
Authors: Warita H , Watarai H , Soma K 
Published: April 2004

Structured AbstractAuthors – Warita H, Watarai H, Soma KObjectives – The goal of this study was to investigate the role of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in occlusal force‐induced signal transduction in rat periodontal ligament (PDL).Design – Rats were fitted with a bite plate and a metal cap to the maxillary and mandibular incisors, respectively, to eliminate the occlusal forces on rat molars. One group was sacrificed at 7 days (exclusion group), while the remaining rats had their appliances removed to reestablish molar occlusal contact (reload group) and were sacrificed 7 days thereafter. Another group of rats (normal group) were left completely untreated. Frozen cross sections of the upper first molars were stained with NADPH‐diaphorase to quantify NOS activity. The distal sides of the disto‐palatal roots of the upper first molars were examined, and the number and the area of stained cells in the PDL were measured.Results – In the normal group, NOS expression was detected in blood vessels, monocyte‐macrophages, fibroblastic cells and osteoclastic cells. NOS expression was lower in the exclusion group when compared with the normal group or the reload group (p < 0.05), and the exclusion group exhibited occluded blood vessels and a narrowing of PDL. In contrast, in the reload group the PDL and blood vessel structure had recovered and NOS expression was increased to the level of the controls.Conclusion – Occlusal force resulted in increased NOS expression. NO may mediate changes in PDL structure in response to occlusal force.
Meta analysis of the treatment‐related factors of external apical root resorption
Authors: Segal GR , Schiffman PH , Tuncay OC 
Published: April 2004

Structured AbstractAuthors – Segal GR, Schiffman PH, Tuncay OCObjective – To elucidate possible treatment‐related etiological factors – such as, duration of treatment and apical displacement – for external root resorption.Design – Meta‐analysis of the available English‐language literature.Inclusion & Exclusion Criteria – Papers with a sample size >10, fixed appliances, pre‐ and post‐operative radiographs, and apical displacement recorded were included. History of trauma, prior root resorption and endodontic treatment were excluded. Appropriateness of these selections was tested with a ‘funnel plot’ analysis.Outcome Measure – Correlations between root resorption, apical displacement, and treatment duration.Results – Mean apical root resorption was strongly correlated with total apical displacement (r = 0.822) and treatment duration (r = 0.852).Conclusion – The treatment‐related causes of root resorption appear to be the total distance the apex had moved and the time it took.
GEOMETRIC TOPOLOGY FOR INFORMATION ACQUISITION BY MEANS OF SMART SENSOR WEB
Authors: SZU HAROLD 
Published: April 2004

The geometric topology of a point per event written in the higher dimensional μ-space of data (e.g. 6W's: who, where, when, what, how, and why) can help in the design of information acquisition (IA) systems. Measurement intensity of each W's sensor, or the number of words used to describe a specific W's attribute, represents the length of each vector dimension. Then, N concurrent reports of the same event become a distribution set of N points scattered all over μ-space. To discover the statistically independent components, an unsupervised or unbiased Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) methodology called Independent Component Analysis (ICA) can be used to reveal a new subspace called the feature space. The major and minor axes of the subspace correspond to highly precise and efficient combinations of old attributes (e.g. 2-D feature domains consisting of "where-who-when" and "what-how-why" could be good choices for Internet search indices). Thus, one realizes that the communication of an event is not just the address-where: but who and when are equally important attributes. In principle, the number of new sensors can be reduced (e.g. from 6 W's to 2 features), provided that they are physically realizable. In the combined space of 6N-dimensional Γ-space, one point can represent all N concurrent measurements; the flow of these generates the event behavior in time. The time flow over the reduced 2N feature space generates invariant features called knowledge. For surveillance against terrorists, legacy electrical power line communication (PLC) will offer a useful relay for the last mile of mobile communications for a Surveillance Sensor Web (SSW) employing ANN: there is no need for "where" addressing for switching because of smart coding and decoding of "who-when." After reviewing Auto-Regression (AR), we generalize AR to a supervised ANN implementation of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) (Appendix A) learning toward unsupervised learning ANN for ICA (Appendix B). This is possible non-statistically because the classical-closed information theory (CIT) of the maximum Shannon entropy S of a closed system must be generalized for open brain information theory (BIT) having non-zero energy exchange E at the minimum Helmholtz free energy H = E - T o S at isothermal equilibrium ( T o =37° C ). For such an open BIT system, we prove the Lyaponov convergence theorem. We compute the ICA features of image textures in order to measure the ICA classifier information content.
Two Instruments to Determine Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time: Implications for Heparin Monitoring
Authors: Taylor Charles T. , Petros William P. , Ortel Thomas L. 
Published: April 2004

Study Objective. To measure the difference in therapeutic ranges of activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) between two laboratory devices.Design. Prospective, controlled laboratory study.Setting. University‐affiliated hospital.Patients. Thirty inpatients receiving intravenous unfractionated heparin for treatment of myocardial infarction, unstable angina, deep venous thrombosis, or pulmonary embolism.Interventions. Therapeutic APTT ranges were determined by a portable (whole blood assay) and a central laboratory device (plasma assay) based on heparin serum concentrations. They were compared with APTT ranges equivalent to 1.5–2.5 times the mean normal determination.Measurements and Main Results. The central laboratory and portable devices produced therapeutic ranges of 61–93 and 56–73 seconds, respectively. Both differed from conventional therapeutic ratios of 1.5–2.5 times the mean normal (41–68 sec). Mean absolute APTT differences between instruments were statistically significant (12 ± 20 sec, p<0.006), and 58% of paired APTT values differed by more than 10 seconds.Conclusion. A fixed APTT ratio as a goal for monitoring unfractionated heparin may result in significant underanticoagulation. Individual therapeutic APTT ranges must be reported for each instrument if more than one is used for heparin monitoring.
Effect of Gender on the Pharmacokinetics of Ofloxacin
Authors: Sowinski Kevin M. , Abel Steven R. , Clark William R. , Mueller Bruce A. 
Published: April 2004

Study Objectives. To assess the influence of gender on the pharmacokinetics of ofloxacin.Design. Open‐label study.Setting. Academic medical center.Patients. Five healthy men and seven healthy women volunteers.Interventions. Subjects received a single oral dose of ofloxacin 400 mg, and serial blood samples were collected for 24 hours. Plasma concentrations of ofloxacin were determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined. Statistical comparisons between genders were made with the Wilcoxon rank sum test.Measurements and Main Results. Median volume of distribution at steady state/systemic bioavailability (Vss/F) was significantly smaller in women than in men, although when normalized for total body weight there were no differences. Except for terminal elimination half‐life, which was 10% shorter in women, no other pharmacokinetic values were significantly different between genders. Median peak concentrations, although not statistically different, were 28% higher in women.Conclusion. Ofloxacin Vss/F values were smaller in women than in men, explained by gender‐related differences in weight.
Undiagnosed Cirrhosis and Hepatic Encephalopathy in a National Cohort of Veterans With Dementia
Authors: Bajaj Jasmohan S. , Silvey Scott G. , Rogal Shari , O’Leary Jacqueline G. , Patton Heather , Morgan Timothy R. , Kanagalingam Gowthami , Gentili Angela , Godschalk Michael , Patel Nilang 
Published: January 2024

ImportanceDementia and hepatic encephalopathy (HE) are challenging to distinguish clinically. Undiagnosed cirrhosis in a patient with dementia can lead to missed opportunities to treat HE.ObjectiveTo examine the prevalence and risk factors of undiagnosed cirrhosis and therefore possible HE in veterans with dementia.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA retrospective cohort study was conducted between 2009 and 2019 using data from the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) and 2 separate validation cohorts from the Richmond Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Data analysis was conducted from May 20 to October 15, 2023. Participants included 177 422 US veterans with a diagnosis of dementia at 2 or more clinic visits, no prior diagnosis of cirrhosis, and with sufficient laboratory test results to calculate the Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score.ExposuresDemographic and clinical characteristics.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAn FIB-4 score (&amp;gt;2.67 suggestive of advanced fibrosis and &amp;gt;3.25 suggestive of cirrhosis), capped at age 65 years even for those above this cutoff who were included in the analysis.ResultsAmong 177 422 veterans (97.1% men; 80.7% White; mean (SD) age, 78.35 [10.97] years) 5.3% (n = 9373) had an FIB-4 score greater than 3.25 and 10.3% (n = 18 390) had an FIB-4 score greater than 2.67. In multivariable logistic regression models, FIB-4 greater than 3.25 was associated with older age (odds ratio [OR], 1.07; 95% CI, 1.06-1.09), male gender (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.26-1.61), congestive heart failure (OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.43-1.54), viral hepatitis (OR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.66-1.91), Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test score (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.44-1.68), and chronic kidney disease (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.04-1.17), and inversely associated with White race (OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.73-0.85), diabetes (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.73-0.84), hyperlipidemia (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.79-0.89), stroke (OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.79-0.91), tobacco use disorder (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.70-0.87), and rural residence (OR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.87-0.97). Similar findings were associated with the FIB-4 greater than 2.67 threshold. These codes were associated with cirrhosis on local validation. A local validation cohort of patients with dementia showed a similar percentage of high FIB-4 scores (4.4%-11.2%).Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this cohort study suggest that clinicians encountering patients with dementia should be encouraged to screen for cirrhosis using the FIB-4 score to uncover reversible factors associated with cognitive impairment, such as HE, to enhance outcomes.
Timing to First Whole Blood Transfusion and Survival Following Severe Hemorrhage in Trauma Patients
Authors: Torres Crisanto M. , Kenzik Kelly M. , Saillant Noelle N. , Scantling Dane R. , Sanchez Sabrina E. , Brahmbhatt Tejal S. , Dechert Tracey A. , Sakran Joseph V. 
Published: January 2024

ImportanceCivilian trauma centers have revived interest in whole-blood (WB) resuscitation for patients with life-threatening bleeding. However, there remains insufficient evidence that the timing of WB transfusion when given as an adjunct to a massive transfusion protocol (MTP) is associated with a difference in patient survival outcome.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether earlier timing of first WB transfusion is associated with improved survival at 24 hours and 30 days for adult trauma patients presenting with severe hemorrhage.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study used the American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Improvement Program databank from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2020, for adult patients presenting to US and Canadian adult civilian level 1 and 2 trauma centers with systolic blood pressure less than 90 mm Hg, with shock index greater than 1, and requiring MTP who received a WB transfusion within the first 24 hours of emergency department (ED) arrival. Patients with burns, prehospital cardiac arrest, deaths within 1 hour of ED arrival, and interfacility transfers were excluded. Data were analyzed from January 3 to October 2, 2023.ExposurePatients who received WB as an adjunct to MTP (earlier) compared with patients who had yet to receive WB as part of MTP (later) at any given time point within 24 hours of ED arrival.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPrimary outcomes were survival at 24 hours and 30 days.ResultsA total of 1394 patients met the inclusion criteria (1155 male [83%]; median age, 39 years [IQR, 25-51 years]). The study cohort included profoundly injured patients (median Injury Severity Score, 27 [IQR, 17-35]). A survival curve demonstrated a difference in survival within 1 hour of ED presentation and WB transfusion. Whole blood transfusion as an adjunct to MTP given earlier compared with later at each time point was associated with improved survival at 24 hours (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.22-0.73; P = .003). Similarly, the survival benefit of earlier WB transfusion remained present at 30 days (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.22-0.45; P &amp;lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, receipt of a WB transfusion earlier at any time point within the first 24 hours of ED arrival was associated with improved survival in patients presenting with severe hemorrhage. The survival benefit was noted shortly after transfusion. The findings of this study are clinically important as the earlier timing of WB administration may offer a survival advantage in actively hemorrhaging patients requiring MTP.
Terephthalic Acid, Dimethyl Terephthalate, and Isophthalic Acid
Authors: Tomás Rogério A.F. , Bordado João C.M. , Gomes João F.P. , Sheehan Richard J. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

The article contains sections titled:

1
Introduction

2
Physical Properties

3
Production

3.1
Routes from Biobased Feedstocks

3.2
Amoco Oxidation

3.3
Amoco Purification

3.4
Multistage Oxidation

3.5
Dynamit Nobel (Witten) Process

3.6
Esterification of Terephthalic Acid

3.7
Hydrolysis of Dimethyl Terephthalate

3.8
Alternative and Past Technologies

3.9
Recovery from PET Resins

4
Environmental Protection

5
Quality Specifications

6
Storage and Transportation

7
Uses

8
Economic Aspects

9
Toxicology and Occupational Health

References
Hierarchical Dendritic Photonic Crystal Beads for Efficient Isolation and Proteomic Analysis of Multiple Cell Types
Authors: Chang Wenya , Li Yu , Cai Yuhan , Wang Shu , Song Xiaorong , Sun Jie , Deng Dawei , Gu Zhongze , Xie Zhuoying 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCell types with different morphology, and function collaborate to maintain organ function. As such, analyzing proteomic differences and connections between different types of cells forms the foundation for establishing functional connectomes and developing in vitro organoid simulation experiments. However, the efficiency of cell type isolation from organs is limited by time, equipment, and cost. Here, hierarchical dendritic photonic crystal beads (HDPCBs) featuring high‐density functional groups via the self‐assembly of dendritic mesoporous structure SiO2 nanoparticles (DM‐SiO2) and grafting dendrimers onto the surface of dendritic mesoporous photonic crystal beads (DMPCBs) is developed. This platform integrates multitype cell separation with in situ protein cleavage processes. Efficient simultaneous isolation of Kupffer cells and Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial cells (LSECs) from liver, with high specificity and convenient operation in a short separation time are demonstrated. The results reveal 2832 and 3442 unique proteins identified in Kupffer cells and LSECs using only 50 HDPCBs, respectively. 764 and 629 over‐expressed proteins associated with the function of Kupffer cells and LSECs are found, respectively. The work offers a new method for efficiently isolating multiple cell types from tissues and downstream proteomic analysis, ultimately facilitating the identification of primary cell compositions and functions.
An Advanced Bioconjugation Strategy for Covalent Tethering of TGFβ3 with Silk Fibroin Matrices and its Implications in the Chondrogenesis Profile of Human BMSCs and Human Chondrocytes: A Paradigm Shift in Cartilage Tissue Engineering
Authors: Majumder Nilotpal , Seit Sinchan , Bhabesh Neel Sarovar , Ghosh Sourabh 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe transforming growth factor‐β class of cytokines plays a significant role in articular cartilage formation from mesenchymal condensation to chondrogenic differentiation. However, their exogenous addition to the chondrogenic media makes the protocol expensive. It reduces the bioavailability of the cytokine to the cells owing to their burst release. The present study demonstrates an advanced bioconjugation strategy to conjugate transforming growth factor‐β3 (TGFβ3) with silk fibroin matrix covalently via a cyanuric chloride coupling reaction. The tethering and change in secondary conformation are confirmed using various spectroscopic analyses. To assess the functionality of the chemically modified silk matrix, human bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) and chondrocytes are cultured for 28 days in a chondrogenic differentiation medium. Gene expression and histological analysis reveal enhanced expression of chondrogenic markers with intense Safranin‐O and Alcian Blue staining in TGFβ3 conjugated silk matrices than where TGFβ3 is exogenously added to the media for both hBMSCs and chondrocytes. Therefore, this study successfully recapitulates the native niche of TGFβ3 and the role of the silk as a growth factor stabilizer. When cultured over TGFβ3 conjugated silk matrices, hBMSCs display increased proteoglycan secretion and maximum chondrogenic trait with attenuation of chondrocyte hypertrophy over human chondrocytes.
Cell Chirality of Micropatterned Endometrial Microvascular Endothelial Cells
Authors: Zambuto Samantha G. , Jain Ishita , Theriault Hannah S. , Underhill Gregory H. , Harley Brendan A.C. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractChirality is an intrinsic cellular property that describes cell polarization biases along the left–right axis, apicobasal axis, or front–rear axes. Cell chirality plays a significant role in the arrangement of organs in the body as well as in the orientation of organelles, cytoskeletons, and cells. Vascular networks within the endometrium, the mucosal inner lining of the uterus, commonly display spiral architectures that rapidly form across the menstrual cycle. Herein, the role of endometrial‐relevant extracellular matrix stiffness, composition, and soluble signals on endometrial endothelial cell chirality is systematically examined using a high‐throughput microarray. Endometrial endothelial cells display marked patterns of chirality as individual cells and as cohorts in response to substrate stiffness and environmental cues. Vascular networks formed from endometrial endothelial cells also display shifts in chirality as a function of exogenous hormones. Changes in cellular‐scale chirality correlate with changes in vascular network parameters, suggesting a critical role for cellular chirality in directing endometrial vessel network organization.
A Cellulose/Chitosan Dual Cross‐Linked Multifunctional and Resilient Hydrogel for Emergent Open Wound Management
Authors: Lu Shengchang , Wu Hui , Ge Shengbo , Huang Liulian , Chen Lihui , Connor Chris , Guo Zhanhu , Jiang Yunhong , Xu Ben Bin , Peng Wanxi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAdhesive hydrogel holds huge potential in biomedical applications, such as hemostasis and emergent wound management during outpatient treatment or surgery. However, most adhesive hydrogels underperform to offer robust adhesions on the wet tissue, increasing the risk of hemorrhage and reducing the fault tolerance of surgery. To address this issue, this work develops a polysaccharide‐based bioadhesive hydrogel tape (ACAN) consisting of dual cross‐linking of allyl cellulose (AC) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS). The hygroscopicity of AC and CMCS networks enables ACAN to remove interfacial water from the tissue surface and initializes a physical cross‐link instantly. Subsequently, covalent cross‐links are developed with amine moieties to sustain long‐term and robust adhesion. The dual cross‐linked ACAN also has good cytocompatibility with controllable mechanical properties matching to the tissue, where the addition of CMCS provides remarkable antibacterial properties and hemostatic capability. Moreover, compared with commercially available 3 M film, ACAN provides an ultrafast wound healing on tissue. The ACAN hybrid hydrogels have advantages such as biocompatibility and antibacterial, hemostatic, and wound healing properties, shedding new light on first‐aid tape design and advancing the cellulose‐based materials technology for high‐performance biomedical applications.