bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of propagermanium treatment in multiple myeloma patients
Authors: Tsutsumi Yutaka , Tanaka Junji , Kanamori Hiroe , Musashi Mio , Minami Hiina , Fukushima Arata , Yamato Hiroaki , Ehira Nobuyuki , Kawamura Takahito , Obara Shinji , Ogura Nobutaka , Asaka Masahiro , Imamura Masahiro , Masauzi Nobuo 
Published: November 2004

Abstract:Interferon (IFN) is one of several drugs effective in treating multiple myeloma (MM), and propagermanium is an IFN inducer. We report on 10 MM patients who were treated with propagermanium at doses from 10 to 40 mg. Two patients achieved complete remission (CR), two patients achieved partial remission (PR), and the condition of four patients was stable (stable disease, SD). After discontinuation of propagermanium, the status of MM progressed in two patients who were in SD and in two patients who had achieved PR. The administration of propagermanium was restarted in one patient resulting in a decrease in her paraprotein.
DUALITY OF COMPACT GROUPS AND HILBERT C*-SYSTEMS FOR C*-ALGEBRAS WITH A NONTRIVIAL CENTER
Authors: BAUMGÄRTEL HELLMUT , LLEDÓ FERNANDO 
Published: November 2004

In this paper we present duality theory for compact groups in the case when the C*-algebra [Formula: see text], the fixed point algebra of the corresponding Hilbert C*-system [Formula: see text], has a nontrivial center [Formula: see text] and the relative commutant satisfies the minimality condition [Formula: see text] as well as a technical condition called regularity. The abstract characterization of the mentioned Hilbert C*-system is expressed by means of an inclusion of C*-categories [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a suitable DR-category and [Formula: see text] a full subcategory of the category of endomorphisms of [Formula: see text]. Both categories have the same objects and the arrows of [Formula: see text] can be generated from the arrows of [Formula: see text] and the center [Formula: see text].A crucial new element that appears in the present analysis is an abelian group [Formula: see text], which we call the chain group of [Formula: see text], and that can be constructed from certain equivalence relation defined on [Formula: see text], the dual object of [Formula: see text]. The chain group, which is isomorphic to the character group of the center of [Formula: see text], determines the action of irreducible endomorphisms of [Formula: see text] when restricted to [Formula: see text]. Moreover, [Formula: see text] encodes the possibility of defining a symmetry ∊ also for the larger category [Formula: see text] of the previous inclusion.
ITERATED FUNCTION SYSTEMS, REPRESENTATIONS, AND HILBERT SPACE
Authors: JORGENSEN PALLE E. T. 
Published: November 2004

In this paper, we are concerned with spectral-theoretic features of general iterated function systems (IFS). Such systems arise from the study of iteration limits of a finite family of maps τi, i=1,…,N, in some Hausdorff space Y. There is a standard construction which generally allows us to reduce to the case of a compact invariant subset X⊂Y. Typically, some kind of contractivity property for the maps τi is assumed, but our present considerations relax this restriction. This means that there is then not a natural equilibrium measure μ available which allows us to pass the point-maps τi to operators on the Hilbert space L2(μ). Instead, we show that it is possible to realize the maps τi quite generally in Hilbert spaces ℋ(X) of square-densities on X. The elements in ℋ(X) are equivalence classes of pairs (φ,μ), where φ is a Borel function on X, μ is a positive Borel measure on X, and ∫X|φ|2 dμ<∞. We say that (φ,μ)~(ψ,ν) if there is a positive Borel measure λ such that μ≪λ, ν≪λ, and [Formula: see text] We prove that, under general conditions on the system (X,τi), there are isometries [Formula: see text] in ℋ(X) satisfying [Formula: see text] the identity operator in ℋ(X). For the construction we assume that some mapping σ:X→X satisfies the conditions σ◦τi= id X, i=1,…,N. We further prove that this representation in the Hilbert space ℋ(X) has several universal properties.
MULTIMEDIA EXPERT SYSTEM FOR A NUCLEAR POWER PLANT ACCIDENT DIAGNOSIS USING A FUZZY INFERENCE METHOD
Authors: LEE MAL-REY , KANG HEAI-JO , KIM TAE EUN 
Published: November 2004

The huge and complicated plants such as nuclear power stations are likely to cause the operators to make mistakes due to a variety of inexplicable reasons and symptoms in case of emergency. That's why the prevention system assisting the operators is being developed for. First of all, I suggest an improved fuzzy diagnosis. Secondly, I want to demonstrate that a classification system of nuclear plant's accident investigating the causes of accidents foresees possible problems, and maintains the reliability of the diagnostic reports in spite of improper working in part. In the event of emergency in a nuclear plant, a lot of operational steps enable the operators to find out what caused the problems based on an emergent operating plan. Our system is able to classify their types within twenty to thirty seconds. As so, we expect the system to put down the accidents right after the rapid detection of the damage control-method concerned.
Landscapes and Riverscapes: The Influence of Land Use on Stream Ecosystems
Authors: Allan J. David 
Published: November 2004

▪ Abstract  Local habitat and biological diversity of streams and rivers are strongly influenced by landform and land use within the surrounding valley at multiple scales. However, empirical associations between land use and stream response only varyingly succeed in implicating pathways of influence. This is the case for a number of reasons, including (a) covariation of anthropogenic and natural gradients in the landscape; (b) the existence of multiple, scale-dependent mechanisms; (c) nonlinear responses; and (d) the difficulties of separating present-day from historical influences. Further research is needed that examines responses to land use under different management strategies and that employs response variables that have greater diagnostic value than many of the aggregated measures in current use. In every respect, the valley rules the stream.      H.B.N. Hynes (1975)
Effect of an Essential Oil Mouthrinse, with and without Fluoride, on Plaque Metabolic Acid Production and pH after a Sucrose Challenge
Authors: Zhang J.Z. , Harper D.S. , Vogel G.L. , Schumacher G. 
Published: November 2004

This clinical study evaluated the effect of rinsing with an essential oil-containing antiseptic mouthrinse, with or without 100 mg/kg fluoride ion, on the plaque metabolic acid production and plaque pH response after a sucrose challenge. This observer-blind, randomized study used a three-way crossover design. Twenty-four subjects rinsed with 20 ml of one of the following rinses: (1) essential oil (EO) mouthrinse, (2) essential oil mouthrinse plus 100 mg/kg fluoride, or (3) negative control, for 30 s, twice daily for 16 days. On day 17, 1 h after the last mouthrinse, subjects rinsed with 20 ml of mass fraction 10% sucrose solution for 1 min. Seven minutes after the sucrose challenge, supragingival plaque was collected from molar and premolar teeth. Plaque pH and metabolic acid ions were analyzed using a micro pH electrode and capillary electrophoresis, respectively. The results showed that after EO mouthrinse dental plaque produced 36% less lactate, 36% less acetate and 44% less propionate than after the negative control rinse. The dental plaque also exhibited a pH 0.42 unit higher after EO rinse than after the negative control rinse. These results were not affected by the addition of 100 mg/kg fluoride to the EO mouthrinse. From these results we concluded that this EO antiseptic mouthrinse, with or without fluoride ion, is effective in reduction of plaque acidogenicity after a sucrose challenge.
Action of Fluoroquinolones and Linezolid on Logarithmic- and Stationary-Phase Culture of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>
Authors: García-Tapia A. , Rodríguez J.C. , Ruiz M. , Royo G. 
Published: November 2004

<i>Background:</i> The new challenges involved in the chemotherapy of tuberculosis make it necessary to find novel drugs, especially ones that are useful in the latent phase of the disease. <i>Methods:</i> We evaluated the activity of linezolid and fluoroquinolones against logarithmic- and stationary-phase <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>. <i>Results:</i> We observed that linezolid exhibits antibacterial action, although slowly, in both situations. Quinolones with an 8-methoxy group exhibit greater activity than levofloxacin in logarithmic growth phases, whereas levofloxacin exhibits greater activity in stationary-phase growth. <i>Conclusion:</i> The study of the activity of drugs against the <i>M. tuberculosis</i> microorganism in the latent phase is one of the most important tools available in the fight against the tuberculosis epidemic, and both linezolid and the new fluoroquinolones appear to be promising drugs.
Ultrafast Intramolecular Electron Transfer in Peripherally Ruthenated Zinc Tetraarylporphyrins
Authors: Wall Mark H , Akimoto Seiji , Yamazaki Tomoko , Ohta Nobuhiro , Yamazaki Iwao , Sakuma Takuya , Kido Hiroaki 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Ultrafast fluorescence quenching has been examined for 5-pyridyl-10,15,20-triphenylporphinatozinc (ZnP), which is coordinatively linked to ruthenium complex (oxo-acetatobridged-triruthenium ions) (Ru), and for its derivatives having cyanopyridyl groups (Ru1) or 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyridyl groups (Ru2). The fluorescence for these peripherally elaborated zinc tetraarylporphyrins are &gt; 99% quenched relative to ZnP. Fluorescence decays were measured in different solvents using the technique of femtosecond fluorescence up-conversion for these three compounds: ZnP–Ru+, ZnP–Ru+–Ru1+, and ZnP–Ru+–Ru2+. The fluorescence lifetime for ZnP* (τf = 1.7—1.8 ns in ZnP monomer) is dramatically decreased by the linkage of ruthenium moieties to the periphery of ZnP; τf = 460—530 fs for ZnP*–Ru+, τf = 380—400 fs for ZnP–Ru+–Ru1+, and τf = 300—380 fs for ZnP–Ru+–Ru2+. This fluorescence quenching behavior is in accord with a semiempirical estimation of the free energy for electron transfer from ZnP* to Ru+. Thus the ultrafast fluorescence quenching process in these molecules is attributed to an intramolecular electron transfer governed by the following equations: ZnP*–Ru+ → ZnP+–Ru0 and ZnP*–Ru+–Ru1+ (or Ru2+) → ZnP+–Ru0–Ru1+ (or Ru2+).
Tetradecyltrimethylammonium Bromide + Dodecyltrimethylammonium Bromide Mixed Micelles in Aqueous Glycol Oligomers
Authors: Bakshi Mandeep Singh , Kaur Ushwinder 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
The conductances of tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB) + dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) mixtures over the entire mole fraction range of TTAB (αTTAB) were measured in pure water as well as in the presence of various aqueous ethylene glycol oligomers containing 5 and 10 wt% of each additive in their respective binary mixtures at 30 °C. From the conductivity data, the critical micellar concentrations (cmc) and degrees of micelle ionization (χ) for TTAB + DTAB mixtures were computed. From the slopes of the conductivity curves, the equivalent conductivities of the monomeric (Λm), monomeric in the presence of additive (Λm,a) and the micelle (Λmic) state were calculated, the results are discussed with respect to the glycol-additive effects in the whole mole fraction range of the binary mixture. The micellar parameters of both surfactants and of their mixtures show a significant dependence on the amount in comparison to the number of repeating units of glycol oligomers. These results have been explained on the basis of the medium effects of aqueous additive, which are drastically influenced by the increase in the amount of additive rather than by the increase in the number of repeating units. The non-ideality in TTAB + DTAB mixtures was evaluated by using the regular solution theory and Motomura’s formulation based on the excess thermodynamic quantities. It has been found that the regular solution interaction parameter (β) and micellar mole fraction () remain almost unaffected even in the presence of up to 10 wt% of each additive and molecular weight 4000. These results suggest that there are no significant interactions between the glycol oligomers and the micelles of single and mixed surfactants.
Analysis of Electrolysis Reactions of Metal Complexes Using On-Line Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry with a Compact Electrolytic Flow-Through Cell
Authors: Arakawa Ryuichi , Abura Tsutomu , Fukuo Tsuyoshi , Horiguchi Hironobu , Matsubayashi Gen-etsu 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
An on-line electrospray ionization mass-spectrometric analysis for an electrolysis reaction was developed by the installation of a compact, efficient flow-through cell upstream of an electrospraying needle. The electrode was designed to avoid any reduction of the oxidation products formed during electrolysis. The electrolytic oxidation reaction of a Ru and Os metal complex was carried out to examine the performance of the system. From the electrolysis of [M(bpy)3](PF6)2 (where M = Ru and Os, and bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine) we detected the one-electron oxidation product, [M(bpy)3]3+. The electrolysis of [Ru(bpy)2(en)](ClO4)2 (en = ethylenediamine) formed two complex products along with the elimination of two and four hydrogen atoms from the en ligand. The structure of the two complex products was determined to be a monoimine and diimine complex, based on an electrolysis experiment using a deuterium-labeled complex, [Ru(bpy)2(ed)](ClO4)2 (ed = ethylene-d4-diamine, H2N–CD2–CD2–NH2). The results indicate that electrochemical oxidation occurs at the ethylenediamine ligand and that the monoimine complex is a reaction intermediate for the formation of a diimine complex.
Stereochemical Study of a Lewis Acid-Promoted Reaction of 2-Silyloxypyrrole with Aliphatic and Aromatic Aldehydes
Authors: Uno Hidemitsu , Nishihara Yasuaki , Mizobe Noboru , Ono Noboru 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
In the presence of BF3·OEt2, the reaction of 1-t-butoxycarbonyl-2-t-butyldimethylsiloxypyrrole with aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes in ether occurred stereoselectively to give the corresponding erythro and threo isomers, respectively, while a similar reaction in the presence of SnCl4showed completely opposite selectivity. The transition states leading to the major isomers are discussed.
Scandium Trifluoromethanesulfonate-Catalyzed Cleavage of Esters Bearing a Coordinative Group at a Vicinal Position
Authors: Kajiro Hiroshi , Mitamura Shuichi , Mori Atsunori , Hiyama Tamejiro 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Scandium trifluoromethanesulfonate is found to be a Lewis acid catalyst for selective cleavage of esters containing a coordinative group adjacent to an ester moiety. The reaction proceeds under weak acidic conditions at room temperature; the catalyst can be recovered and reused. Even α-acyloxy ketones are deacetylated without racemization. Selective monodeacetylation at C-10 of paclitaxel has been achieved.
Ni-Promoted Syntheses of New 3,3′-Dichloro-5,5′-bipyrazoles and Poly(bipyrazole-5,5′-diyl)s and Isolation of Nickel Complexes Relevant to the Syntheses
Authors: Murakami Yasuharu , Yamamoto Takakazu 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Reactions of 3,5-dichloropyrazoles and 3,3′-dichloro-5,5′-bipyrazoles with zerovalent nickel complex, Ni(0)Lm, have been studied. In cases of 3,5-dichloro-1,4-dimethylpyrazole and 3,5-dichloro-4-methoxycarbonyl-1-methylpyrazole, only the C(5)–Cl bond of the two C–Cl bonds reacts with Ni(0)Lm to afford novel bis(pyrazolyl)nickel(II) complexes with the intact C(3)–Cl bond in moderate yields. Treatment of the bis(pyrazolyl)nickel(II) complexes with H2SO4 gives the new dichloro monomers: 3,3′-dichloro-1,1′,4,4′-tetramethyl-5,5′-bipyrazole and its 4,4′-bis(methoxycarbonyl) analogue. These undergo dehalogenative polycondensation to give poly(1,1′,4,4′-tetramethyl-5,5′-bipyrazole-3,3′-diyl) (6) and its 4,4′-bis(methoxycarbonyl) analogue (7), respectively. Polymer 6 is soluble in formic acid, and gives an intrinsic viscosity of 39 cm3 g−1 in formic acid, whereas polymer 7 is soluble in various organic solvents and has an Mn value of 8800 (Mw/Mn = 1.56) as estimated from GPC. They show photoluminescent peaks at the onset position of the respective π–π* absorption bands.
Photophysical and Photochemical Primary Processes of Diphenylacetylene Derivatives and Related Compounds in Liquid Phase
Authors: Hirata Yoshinori 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Photophysical and photochemical primary processes of diphenylacetylene (DPA) derivatives and related compounds have been reviewed. Curious photophysical properties of the low lying excited singlet states of DPA, such as an exceptionally slow S2 → S1 internal conversion, a distinct temperature effect of the S2 lifetime, and a strong excitation energy dependence of the fluorescence yield, were correlated with the S2–S1 energy gap. Contradictions of the assignments of the lowest excited singlet states of DPA were resolved and the mechanism of the S2 → S1 internal conversion was proposed from the comparison of the dynamic behavior of DPA with that of diphenylpolyenes. The small S2–S1 energy gap as well as the large displacement between the potential curves of the upper and lower electronic states can be a reason why the S2 state of the DPA derivatives is exceptionally long-lived. The DPA derivatives of which the intramolecular charge-separated states are formed in polar solvents were used as probe molecules of the solvent–solute interaction. Significant enhancement of the charge recombination of aminophenyl(phenyl)acetylene in protic solvents should be due to the interaction between amino nitrogen atom of the solute molecule and the hydrogen-bonded solvent oligomer.
The Chemistry of Germanium-Containing Heavy Ketones
Authors: Tokitoh Norihiro , Matsumoto Tsuyoshi , Okazaki Renji 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
The recent applications of an extremely bulky and efficient steric protection group, 2,4,6-tris[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]phenyl (denoted as Tbt in this article), to the kinetic stabilization of a series of doubly bonded compounds between germanium and heavier chalcogen atoms (we coin the expression “germanium-containing heavy ketones” for this family of heavier congeners of germanone) are described. Combination of a Tbt group with some other bulky aromatic or alkyl substituent enabled us to synthesize the novel germanium-containing double-bond species [Tbt(R)Ge=X; R = 2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl (Tip) or bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl (Dis)] such as germanethiones (X = S), germaneselones (X = Se), and germanetellones (X = Te) as stable crystalline compounds, while the germanone [Tbt(Tip)Ge=O], the most reactive species among the germanium-containing heavy ketones, was found to be very difficult to isolate and was evidenced only by the trapping reactions. The X-ray crystallographic analysis of the isolated germanium-containing heavy ketones revealed a completely trigonal planar geometry around their germachalcogenocarbonyl units and their ideally doubly bonded character, which was also confirmed by their spectroscopic data.
Stereoselectivity for S-Bridged Polynuclear Transition Metal Complexes Formed by Aggregation of Octahedral Complexes to Square-Planar Palladium(II)
Authors: Okamoto Ken-ichi , Sasaki Chieko , Yamada Yasunori , Konno Takumi 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Novel pentanuclear complexes, [Pd{Pd(aet)}{M(aet)2}{M(aet)3}2]4+ (M = Rh (1); Ir (2); aet = 2-aminoethanethiolate) and [Pd2{Pd(aet)2}{Co(aet)3}2]4+ (4), were prepared by the reactions of fac(S)-[M′(aet)3] (M′ = M, Co) with Na2[PdCl4]. Molecular structures for 1, 2 and 4 were determined by X-ray diffraction. In 1 and 2, two Pd atoms forming the parallel planes are spanned by the aggregation of two octahedral fac(S)-[M(aet)3] units and cis(N)-[M(S)2(aet)2] unit. In these complexes, one of the aet ligands in the starting fac(S)-[M(aet)3] transfers from the M ( = Rh, Ir) atom to the Pd one. Two Pd atoms in 4 are bridged by two fac(S)-[Co(aet)3] units and cis(S)-[Pd(aet)2] unit. In this complex, two aet ligands transfer to the Pd one. The methylation reaction for one non-bridging S atom in 1 gave the corresponding complex [Pd{Pd(aet)}{Rh(aet)(smaet}{Rh(aet)3}2]5+ (3; smaet = S-methyl-2-aminoethanethiolate), whose structure was also determined by X-ray diffraction. For all of the complexes, the chiral configurations are selectively regulated owing to the octahedral units (Δ or Λ) and the bridging sulfur atoms (R or S), and they are characterized on the basis of the electronic absorption, circular dichroism (CD) and 13C NMR spectral behavior. The binding modes of the octahedral units in 1, 2, and 4 are also discussed in relation to their stereochemical behavior.
Classification of Low-Energy Conformations of Met-Enkephalin in the Gas Phase and in a Model Solvent Based on the Extended Scaled Particle Theory
Authors: Mitsutake Ayori , Irisa Masayuki , Okamoto Yuko , Hirata Fumio 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
We employed Monte Carlo simulated annealing to classify the low-energy conformations of Met-enkephalin in the gas phase and in aqueous solution. In order to include the free energy of cavity formation in aqueous solution, we used the method of extended scaled particle theory. This is the first attempt to combine the Monte Carlo simulated annealing method and the extended scaled particle theory. We conducted 20 Monte Carlo simulated annealing runs of 10000 Monte Carlo sweeps both in the gas phase and in aqueous solution. It was found that the obtained conformations (20 each) can be classified into 3 groups of similar structure both in the gas phase and in aqueous solution. We studied in detail the structural characteristics of the classified conformations. It was found that the cavity-formation effects of aqueous solution do not drastically change the backbone structures obtained in the gas phase. The relation between the solvent-accessible surface area and the cavity-formation free energy was studied in detail. The results show unambiguously that the cavity-formation free energy is not neccessarily proportional to the accessible surface area, at least for a small peptide.
Structure Analyses of Two Crystal Forms of Paroxetine Hydrochloride
Authors: Yokota Masaaki , Uekusa Hidehiro , Ohashi Yuji 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Two crystal forms of (−)-trans-4-(p-fluorophenyl)-3-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenoxymethyl)piperidine hydrochloride salt (paroxetine HCl) have been analyzed by X-rays. One form (Form I) is obtained as a hemihydrate and the other (Form II) is crystallized as the propan-2-ol solvate. The crystal of Form I belongs to the monoclinic system and the space group is P21. The unit-cell dimensions are; a = 14.5888(10), b = 10.1591(7), c = 13.0255(10) Å, β = 107.095(3)°, and V = 1845.2(2) Å3. There are two crystallographically independent protonated paroxetine molecules with different conformations and chloride anions, and one water molecule in an asymmetric unit. The crystal of Form II also belongs to the monoclinic system and the space group is P21. The unit-cell dimensions are; a = 11.6504(7), b = 5.7374(3), c = 16.4107(10) Å, β = 90.959(2)°, and V = 1096.79(11) Å3. There are one protonated paroxetine molecule, one chloride anion, and one solvent propan-2-ol molecule in an asymmetric unit. The protonated paroxetine molecule in Form II has a different conformation from those in Form I. The solvent propan-2-ol molecule is disordered in the channel formed by paroxetine molecules and chloride anions. The crystal was easily decomposed in open air at room temperature because the propan-2-ol molecules are easily released through the channel.