bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periocular tumour of the follicular infundibulum
Authors: Hutchinson Kenneth W , Boulton Jonathan E , Sullivan Timothy J , Whitehead Kevin J 
Published: September 2003

ABSTRACTTumour of the follicular infundibulum (TFI) is an uncommon, benign lesion of the skin adnexae. Four cases are reported of periocular TFI. In all cases a clinical diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma was made before surgery; however, histopathological examination revealed TFI. This is an epithelial tumour showing differentiation along the lines of the follicular infundibulum. Characteristic features are a shelf‐like proliferation of pale epithelial cells in the upper dermis, attachment to the epidermis and the upper portions of the pilosebaceous units, a dense border of elastic fibres, and palisading of the peripheral cell layer of the tumour plate. This benign tumour has not, to the authors’ knowledge, been reported in the ophthalmic literature. It has a non‐specific appearance and may be clinically misdiagnosed as naevus sebaceous, xanthoma, seborrhoeic keratosis, or basal cell carcinoma.
Carotid dissection: a common cause of Horner's syndrome
Authors: Chan Colin CK , Paine Mark , O'Day Justin 
Published: September 2003

ABSTRACT Purpose: To highlight that internal carotid artery dissection is a common cause of Horner's syndrome and that it is important to diagnose dissection as anticoagulation can prevent carotid thrombosis and embolism. Methods: Five case reports are presented of patients with Horner's syndrome secondary to carotid dissection. One patient had carotid dissection secondary to trauma, two had spontaneous dissections and two had dissections in the settings of other illness. A literature search was performed on carotid dissection as a cause of Horner's syndrome and its diagnosis and management. Results: The case reports and literature highlight that dissection is under‐recognized as a cause of Horner's syndrome and can be missed. The investigation of choice is a magnetic resonance imaging and angiography scan of the head and neck. The treatment advocated is anticoagulation for 3–6 months. Conclusion: Carotid dissection should be suspected in patients with Horner's syndrome, particularly if head or neck pain is present.
Proliferation of lens epithelial cells on the Acrysof intraocular lens: clinical and histological features of a case
Authors: Turner Angus , House Philip 
Published: September 2003

ABSTRACTPostoperative deposits on the surface of intraocular lenses (IOLs) have been demonstrated in vivo for many IOL material types. The Acrysof acrylic lens develops a granular material extending from the capsulorhexis margin onto the IOL's anterior surface during the first 4 weeks after surgery in a significant proportion of cases. Complete resolution of this membrane occurs by 3 months in almost all cases. The case is presented of an 81‐year‐old woman who had a persisting membrane covering the IOL surface at 6 months. This membrane was removed surgically and pathology showed the constituent cells to be of lens epithelial cell origin.
Visual outcomes for remote Australian Aboriginal people after cataract surgery
Authors: Hewitt Alex , Verma Nitin , Gruen Russell 
Published: September 2003

ABSTRACT Purpose: To assess the visual outcomes and quality of life after cataract surgery in Aboriginal people and compare them with a case‐matched population of non‐Aboriginal people living in remote and rural areas in the Top End of the Northern Territory. Methods: Patients living in remote areas of the Top End of the Northern Territory who underwent cataract surgery between 1994 and 1999 were identified from records at the three major hospitals in the region. Eighty‐three patients were included in the study. Each patient underwent a complete ocular assessment and then was administered a standardized, field‐tested, 12‐item questionnaire concerning visual function. This was analyzed and the results of the Aboriginal and matched non‐Aboriginal populations compared. Results: Sixty‐one Aboriginal and 22 non‐Aboriginal people from a total of 295 patients who underwent cataract surgery were included in the study. The two study groups were closely matched by sex, age at the time of surgery, time of follow up from surgery and the number who had undergone bilateral surgery. The median preoperative visual acuity for the Aboriginal group was 6/60 against 6/24 of the non‐Aboriginal group. After surgery, at the time of follow up, 26% of eyes in Aboriginal patients did not correct to 6/12 or better with pinhole approximation. Posterior capsule opacities were the most common principal postoperative cause for a deterioration of visual acuity in both groups. Postoperative trauma was a common cause for a low best‐corrected visual acuity in the Aboriginal group but not in the non‐Aboriginal group. The majority (75.5%) of Aboriginal patients were satisfied with their operated eyes. Patients who were dissatisfied all had a visual acuity worse than 6/36. Aboriginal patients reported worse visual function than did those in the non‐Aboriginal group. Conclusions: Cataract surgery has a beneficial effect on the visual acuity and quality of life of Aboriginal and non‐Aboriginal people. As compared to their non‐Aboriginal counterparts, most Aboriginal people underwent surgery when they were legally blind, had a lower level of attained postoperative visual acuity and a high incidence of uncorrected refractive errors and posterior capsular opacification requiring laser capsulotomy. The positive impact of cataract surgery on the lives of the majority of Aboriginal patients is highlighted, as is the need for continued postoperative follow up.
Pars planitis: a comparison of childhood onset and adult onset disease
Authors: Guest Stephen , Funkhouser Elly , Lightman Susan 
Published: September 2003

ABSTRACT Purpose: To compare the symptoms, visual acuities and complications found in childhood onset pars planitis, with those seen in adult onset disease. Method: The records of 26 patients (52 eyes) with idiopathic pars planitis seen at a tertiary care clinic were reviewed. The study design allowed comparison of follow‐up visual acuities for the adult onset and childhood onset groups at 2 years and 5 years from the time of initial diagnosis. Results: The visual acuity at the time of initial diagnosis, at 2 years’ follow up and at 5 years’ follow up was worse for children than for adults, but this difference only reached statistical significance at 2 years’ follow up (6/10 vs 6/7; P = 0.026). When looking at correlation coefficients between age and acuity, the same trend was observed at all time intervals, only reaching statistical significance with initial visual acuities (r = 0.32; P = 0.019). Adults had a tendency to complain more at presentation of blurred vision and floaters than children. Complication rates were similar for both groups. Conclusion: The study presents data supporting the idea that patients presenting with idiopathic pars planitis in childhood have a worse visual acuity both at initial diagnosis and at follow up than those presenting in adulthood. This is a long‐suspected finding that has not previously been demonstrated.
Two methods for predicting the multiaxial fatigue limits of sharp notches
Authors: SUSMEL L. , TAYLOR D. 
Published: September 2003

ABSTRACTIn this paper the problem of the multiaxial fatigue limit estimation of sharply notched components has been addressed using two different methods: a critical distance method and a method involving modified Wöhler curves. These two methods had been previously developed by the authors, but required modification for use in conjunction with finite element stress analysis of sharply notched specimens subjected to multiaxial loadings. Initially, it was demonstrated mathematically that these methods are equivalent in terms of multiaxial stresses near the notch tip. Subsequently, by employing some well‐known uniaxial notch fatigue concepts, some assumptions have been made in order to extend the use of these methods to in‐phase multiaxial notch fatigue situations. Experimental data were obtained from tests conducted on V‐notched specimens subjected to in‐phase mixed Mode I and Mode II loadings. Both methods were successful in giving fatigue limit predictions with an error usually less than 15%. This is interesting because the two methods make quite different assumptions about the nature of fatigue crack growth in the vicinity of the notch.
Truth and validity in grounded theory – a reconsidered realist interpretation of the criteria: fit, work, relevance and modifiability
Authors: Lomborg Kirsten , Kirkevold Marit 
Published: September 2003

AbstractGrounded theory is a frequently used approach in nursing research. Over the years the methodology has developed in different directions with ambiguous answers to questions of truth and validity. This ambiguity influences the interpretation of the criteria for quality judgement of grounded theories: fit, work, relevance and modifiability. In particular, the criterion fit seems to be caught in a vacuum between different epistemological and ontological positions. Fit can be interpreted either from a realist or from a nonrealist position but both present problems. A realist position is problematic if it insists on an immutable empirical world and ignores the social and psychological aspects of human life. A nonrealist position can either be argued to rely on hidden realist assumptions and therefore to be inconsistent, or it can be relativistic, opening up the possibility of ‘anything goes’ attitudes in research and solipsistic confirmations of the world view of researchers with little or misleading practical impact. A reconsideration of the realist position is suggested, in which validity is regulated by the social constructed reality ‘as it really is’. From this position fit is a matter of correspondence to facts in social reality. The criteria work, relevance and modifiability are argued to support the fitness of a theory, and to be useful in the broader evaluation of the quality of grounded theories.
A philosophy underlying excellence in teaching
Authors: Tabak Nili , Adi Livne , Eherenfeld Mali 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis article discusses nursing education and changing paradigms of knowledge, emphasizing critical thinking, nursing praxis, and the place of the educator as a role model who provides knowledge, facilitates critical thinking, and teaches students how to cope with the knowledge. It interprets the connection between knowledge and power as a potential source of injustice and inequality in the student–teacher relationship; and tries to solve this problematic issue by annulling the differences in power. Examples from clinical areas are presented to illustrate differential power the educator‐teacher‐researcher has in different clinical areas.
Attempted suicide by elderly Chinese in Singapore
Authors: KUA Ee Heok , HONG Clarice 
Published: September 2003

AbstractBackground:  There is a paucity of data on attempted suicide by elderly people in Asian countries. The present paper compares suicide attempts of elderly and young Chinese living in Singapore.Methods:  The present study was conducted in a general hospital from 1991 to 2000. All patients were interviewed by a psychiatrist and diagnoses were based on the 3rd edn (revised) of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (of Mental Health disorders) (DSM III R) or 4th edn of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (of Mental Health disorders) (DSM IV) classification. As well as demographic data, reasons for the suicide attempt and methods used were noted.Results:  In the 10 years of the study there were 1568 young (64 years and younger) and 61 elderly (65 years and older) Chinese patients. The male to female ratio was the same in each group. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that the elderly were more likely to have ingested benzodiazepines (OR: 3.19, CI: 1.34–7.57, P = 0.009), to have a diagnosis of depression (OR: 464, CI: 1.94–11.10, P = 0.001) and to suffer from a physical illness than were the young (OR: 4.39, CI: 1.92–10.04, P = 0.000).Conclusion:  The majority of Chinese elderly who attempted suicide had depression and were more likely to have been prescribed benzodiazepines than antidepressants. Prevention strategies in the future should include training programs for doctors to enable them to identify depression and treat depression effectively.
Correlation between functional assessment staging and the ‘Basic Age’ by the Binet scale supports the retrogenesis model of Alzheimer's disease: a preliminary study
Authors: SHIMADA Masumi , HAYAT Jabeen , MEGURO Kenichi , OO Thet , JAFRI Syed , YAMADORI Atsushi , FRANSSEN Emile H. , REISBERG Barry 
Published: September 2003

AbstractBackground:  In the progression of their disease, Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients have been observed to demonstrate various clinical features reminiscent of children. Based on behavioral, neurological and neuropathological findings, Reisberg et al. noted the relationships between development and dementia and proposed the ‘retrogenesis’ model.Methods:  The functional assessment staging procedure (FAST) was used for assessment of functional ability, and the Tanaka–Binet intelligence scale (TB scale) was used to assess intellectual ability in 24 patients with moderate to severe AD.Results:  Overall, there was a significant Spearman's correlation between the FAST stage and the basic age (BA) value (r = −0.85, P < 0.01). The BA by the TB scale was significantly different between FAST stages 5 and 6 to 7. The mean (standard error [SE]) BA values of FAST stages 5 and 6 were 4.2 (0.9) and 2.3 (0.7), respectively, the latter being significantly lower than the former (F = 10.2, P < 0.01 one‐way anova). The TB scale could not assess the BA of the FAST stage 7 patients because of floor effects.Conclusion:  Although further investigation using larger samples would be needed, the findings support the general concordance of intellectual and functional decline in AD with the converse developmental acquisition of the same capacities, as hypothesized in the retrogenesis model.
S&P 500 Index Additions and Earnings Expectations
Authors: Denis Diane K. , McConnell John J. , Ovtchinnikov Alexei V. , Yu Yun 
Published: September 2003

AbstractStock price increases associated with addition to the S&P 500 Index have been interpreted as evidence that demand curves for stocks slope downward. A key premise underlying this interpretation is that Index inclusion provides no new information about companies' future prospects. We examine this premise by analyzing analysts' earnings per share (eps) forecasts around Index inclusion and by comparing postinclusion realized earnings to preinclusion forecasts. Relative to benchmark companies, companies newly added to the Index experience significant increases in eps forecasts and significant improvements in realized earnings. These results indicate that S&P Index inclusion is not an information‐free event.
Risk Management with Derivatives by Dealers and Market Quality in Government Bond Markets
Authors: Naik Narayan Y. , Yadav Pradeep K. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis paper investigates how bond dealers manage core business risk with interest rate futures and the extent to which market quality is affected by their selective risk taking. We observe that dealers use futures to take directional bets and hedge changes in their spot exposure. We find that, cross‐sectionally, a dealer with longer (shorter) risk exposure sells (buys) a larger amount of exposure the next day. However, this risk control takes place via the futures market and not the spot market. Finally, we find strong support for the price effects of capital constraints emphasized by Froot and Stein (1998).
An Empirical Analysis of Analysts' Target Prices: Short‐term Informativeness and Long‐term Dynamics
Authors: Brav Alon , Lehavy Reuven 
Published: September 2003

AbstractUsing a large database of analysts' target prices issued over the period 1997–1999, we examine short‐term market reactions to target price revisions and long‐term comovement of target and stock prices. We find a significant market reaction to the information contained in analysts' target prices, both unconditionally and conditional on contemporaneously issued stock recommendation and earnings forecast revisions. Using a cointegration approach, we analyze the long‐term behavior of market and target prices. We find that, on average, the one‐year‐ahead target price is 28 percent higher than the current market price.
mRNA Splicing Regulates Human Papillomavirus Type 11 E1 Protein Production and DNA Replication
Authors: Deng Wentao , Jin Ge , Lin Biing-Yuan , Van Tine Brian A. , Broker Thomas R. , Chow Louise T. 
Published: September 2003

ABSTRACT
The papillomavirus replicative helicase E1 and the origin recognition protein E2 are required for efficient viral DNA replication. We fused the green fluorescent protein (GFP) to the human papillomavirus type 11 E1 protein either in a plasmid with the E1 coding region alone (nucleotides [nt] 832 to 2781) (pGFP-11E1) or in a plasmid containing both the E1 and E2 regions (nt 2723 to 3826) and the viral origin of replication (ori) (p11Rc). The former supported transient replication of an ori plasmid, whereas the latter was a self-contained replicon. Unexpectedly, these plasmids produced predominantly a cytoplasmic variant GFP or a GFP-E1^E4 protein, respectively. The majority of the mRNAs had an intragenic or intergenic splice from nt 847 to nt 2622 or from nt 847 to nt 3325, corresponding to the E2 or E1^E4 messages. pGFP-11E1dm and p11Rc-E1dm, mutated at the splice donor site, abolished these splices and increased GFP-E1 protein expression. Three novel, alternatively spliced, putative E2 mRNAs were generated in higher abundance from the mutated replicon than from the wild type. Relative to pGFP-11E1, low levels of pGFP-11E1dm supported more efficient replication, but high levels had a negative effect. In contrast, elevated E2 levels always increased replication. Despite abundant GFP-E1 protein, p11Rc-E1dm replicated less efficiently than the wild type. Collectively, these observations show that the E1/E2 ratio is as important as the E1 and E2 concentrations in determining the replication efficiency. These findings suggest that alternative mRNA splicing could provide a mechanism to regulate E1 and E2 protein expression and DNA replication during different stages of the virus life cycle.
Rational Design of Drugs That Induce Human Immunodeficiency Virus Replication
Authors: Hamer Dean H. , Bocklandt Sven , McHugh Louise , Chun Tae-Wook , Blumberg Peter M. , Sigano Dina M. , Marquez Victor E. 
Published: September 2003

ABSTRACTDrugs that induce human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication could be used in combination with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) to reduce the size of the latent reservoir that is in part responsible for viral persistence. Protein kinase C (PKC) is a logical target for such drugs because it activates HIV-1 transcription through multiple mechanisms. Here we show that HIV-1 gene expression can be induced by potent synthetic analogues of the lipid second messenger diacylglycerol (DAG) synthesized on a five-member ring platform that reduces the entropy of binding relative to that of the more flexible DAG template. By varying the alkyl side chains of these synthetic DAG lactones, it was possible to maximize their potency and ability to render latently infected T cells sensitive to killing by an anti-HIV-1 immunotoxin while minimizing the side effects of CD4 and CXCR4 downregulation and tumor necrosis factor alpha upregulation. The two lead compounds, LMC03 and LMC07, regulated a series of PKC-sensitive genes involved in T-cell activation and induced viral gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HIV-1-infected individuals. These studies demonstrate the potential for the rational design of agents that, in conjunction with HAART and HIV-specific toxins, can be used to decrease or eliminate the pool of latently infected reservoirs by forcing viral expression.
Proteasome Activator PA28γ-Dependent Nuclear Retention and Degradation of Hepatitis C Virus Core Protein
Authors: Moriishi Kohji , Okabayashi Tamaki , Nakai Kousuke , Moriya Kyoji , Koike Kazuhiko , Murata Shigeo , Chiba Tomoki , Tanaka Keiji , Suzuki Ryosuke , Suzuki Tetsuro , Miyamura Tatsuo , Matsuura Yoshiharu 
Published: September 2003

ABSTRACTHepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein plays an important role in the formation of the viral nucleocapsid and a regulatory protein involved in hepatocarcinogenesis. In this study, we have identified proteasome activator PA28γ (11S regulator γ) as an HCV core binding protein by using yeast two-hybrid system. This interaction was demonstrated not only in cell culture but also in the livers of HCV core transgenic mice. These findings are extended to human HCV infection by the observation of this interaction in liver specimens from a patient with chronic HCV infection. Neither the interaction of HCV core protein with other PA28 subtypes nor that of PA28γ with otherFlaviviruscore proteins was detected. Deletion of the PA28γ-binding region from the HCV core protein or knockout of the PA28γ gene led to the export of the HCV core protein from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Overexpression of PA28γ enhanced the proteolysis of the HCV core protein. Thus, the nuclear retention and stability of the HCV core protein is regulated via a PA28γ-dependent pathway through which HCV pathogenesis may be exerted.
Tissue-Specific Replicating Capacity of a Chimeric Poliovirus That Carries the Internal Ribosome Entry Site of Hepatitis C Virus in a New Mouse Model Transgenic for the Human Poliovirus Receptor
Authors: Yanagiya Akiko , Ohka Seii , Hashida Noriyasu , Okamura Masahito , Taya Choji , Kamoshita Nobuhiko , Iwasaki Kuniko , Sasaki Yukari , Yonekawa Hiromichi , Nomoto Akio 
Published: September 2003

ABSTRACT
Nucleotides (nt) 108 to 742 of an infectious cDNA clone of poliovirus (PV) Mahoney strain, including the corresponding region of the internal ribosome entry site (IRES), was replaced by nt 28 to 710 of hepatitis C virus (HCV) cDNA corresponding to the whole HCV IRES. A chimeric PV (2A-369) was generated by transfecting mammalian cells with an RNA transcribed in vitro from the cDNA. To examine replicating capacity of virus 2A-369 in the brain and liver of a mouse model for poliomyelitis, a new mouse model (MPVRTg25-61) that is transgenic for human PV receptor (hPVR; CD155) was generated in order to obtain a higher expression level of hPVR in the liver than those of hPVRTg mouse lines generated by us so far. The transgene used was constructed by combining a putative regulatory region of the mouse PVR homolog and the whole structural region of the hPVR gene. Virus 2A-369 replicated well in the liver of MPVRTg25-61 but not in the brain, whereas control Mahoney virus replicated well both in the liver and in the brain. The data suggest that the HCV IRES works more efficiently in the liver than in the brain and that PV IRES works well both in the liver and in the brain. The results support the notion that tissue-specific activity of IRES may be reflected in tissue tropism of a virus whose specific translation initiation is driven by IRES, that is, an IRES-dependent virus tropism.