bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive significance of circulating tumor DNA against patients with T790M-positive EGFR-mutant NSCLC receiving osimertinib
Authors: Yamaguchi Ou , Kasahara Norimitsu , Soda Hiroshi , Imai Hisao , Naruse Ichiro , Yamaguchi Hiroyuki , Itai Miki , Taguchi Kohei , Uchida Megumi , Sunaga Noriaki , Maeno Toshitaka , Minato Koichi , Tomono Hiromi , Ogawara Daiki , Mukae Hiroshi , Miura Yu , Shiono Ayako , Mouri Atsuto , Kagamu Hiroshi , Kaira Kyoichi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCirculating tumor DNA (ctDNA) provides molecular information on tumor heterogeneity. The prognostic usefulness of ctDNA after first-line epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are limited. Therefore, the present study evaluated ctDNA during osimertinib administration as a second-line or more setting to identify the relationship between EGFR mutation levels and outcomes in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Forty patients with EGFR T790M-positive NSCLC receiving osimertinib after prior EGFR-TKI treatment were registered. Plasma samples were collected at osimertinib pretreatment, after 1 month of treatment, and at the time of progressive disease (PD). ctDNA analysis was performed by digital polymerase chain reaction. The detection rate of copy numbers of exon 19 deletion, L858R, and T790M in plasma samples was significantly lower 1 month after osimertinib than at pretreatment, and significantly higher at PD than at 1 month, whereas that of C797S was significantly higher at PD than at 1 month. No statistically significant difference was observed in the copy numbers of exon 19 deletion, L858R, T790M, and C797S between complete response or partial response and stable disease or PD. The detection of T790M at PD after osimertinib initiation was a significant independent prognostic factor for predicting shorter prognosis, and the presence of major EGFR mutations at pretreatment and PD was closely linked to worse survival after osimertinib initiation. Molecular testing based on ctDNA is helpful for predicting outcomes of osimertinib treatment in T790M-positive NSCLC after previous EGFR-TKI treatment.
Truncated Weibull–exponential distribution: methods and applications
Authors: Abbas Salman , Farooq Muhammad , Darwish Jumanah Ahmed , Shahbaz Saman Hanif , Shahbaz Muhammad Qaiser 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper introduces a truncated Weibull-exponential distribution and provides a thorough insight into its mathematical characteristics. These characteristics include moments, generating functions, inverse distribution function, and entropy. Various measures are also discussed about the distribution's reliability. A simulation study is carried out to assess the stability and consistency of the maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters. Finally, two social sciences data sets are used to assess the distribution's relevance in modeling real-world situations.
Effects of preoperative anxiety level on pain level and joint functions after total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Varış Onur , Peker Gökhan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study examined the effect of preoperative anxiety level on postoperative pain, opioid and nonopioid analgesic use requirements and joint function in patients undergoing primary knee arthroplasty for knee osteoarthritis. 106 patients were included in the study. Situational anxiety score (STAI-S) and trait anxiety score (STAI-T) were divided into two groups as below and above 40. Visual analog scale (VAS), Lysholm scores, and anxiety levels were assessed preoperatively, at the third and sixth month postoperatively to investigate their effects on the use of opioid and non-opioid drugs during the postoperative period. For those with low situational and trait anxiety scores, the median duration of hospital stays was significantly shorter compared to those with high anxiety scores. In groups where anxiety levels were initially low, the median anxiety levels at the postoperative 3rd month were also observed to be lower compared to the other group. In the same groups, the median VAS values and the median Lysholm knee scores were significantly better both preoperatively and at the postoperative 3rd month compared to the other group. There was no significant difference in Lysholm score between the two groups at the 6th postoperative month. Similarly, in the preoperative period, groups with low anxiety levels had a significantly lower median usage of both opioids and non-opioids compared to the other group. These findings suggest that high preoperative anxiety may have a negative effect on functional outcomes in the early postoperative period, but this effect disappeared at 6 months. It can be concluded that reducing preoperative anxiety may have a positive effect on early outcomes. We believe that preoperative psychological evaluation and treatment can increase the satisfaction level in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA).
Preparation and characterization of Allium cepa extract coated biochar and adsorption performance for hexavalent chromium
Authors: Amaku James Friday , Taziwa Raymond 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe elimination of hazardous metal ions from contaminated water has been an important procedure to improve the quality of the water source. Hence, this study presents the fabrication of Allium cepa extract-coated biochar for the elimination of Cr (VI) from wastewater. The synthesized biochar (SBCH) and modified biochar (BMOJ) were characterized by making use of FTIR, BET, XRD, TGA and SEM. Optimum Cr (VI) removal was achieved at solution pH 2, 0.05 g adsorbent dosage and 180 min agitation period. The adsorptive removal of Cr (VI) onto SBCH and BMOJ followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model with a satisfactory sum of square residuals (SSR) of 3.874 and 5.245 for SBCH and BMOJ, respectively. Meanwhile, Freundlich isotherm was found to best describe the uptake of Cr (VI) SBCH and BMOJ. Experimental data showed an adsorption capacity of 37.38 and 25.77 mg g−1 and a maximum efficiency of 85.42% and 51.63% for BMOJ and SBCH, respectively. BMOJ also showed good antioxidant characteristics. Thermodynamic data revealed that the uptake of Cr (VI) onto the SBCH and BMOJ was an exothermic and endothermic (ΔH: SBCH =  − 16.22 kJ mol−1 and BMOJ = 13.74 kJ mol−1), entropy-driven (ΔS: SBCH = 40.96 J K−1 mol−1 and BMOJ = 93.26 J K−1 mol−1) and spontaneous process. Furthermore, BMOJ demonstrated excellent reusability and promising characteristics for industrial applications.
Study of noise and structural characteristics of twin-screw air compressor based on multi-physical field coupling
Authors: He Yayin , Xiao Congcong , Zhang Wei , Wang Kai 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFor the problems of high noise and low efficiency of twin-screw air compressor, the mutual coupling effect of noise and structure for the twin-screw air compressor is studied by using acoustic-solid coupling technology. The simulation model of acoustic-structural coupling of twin-screw air compressor is established. Combining acoustic wave theory calculation with structural characteristics, the sound pressure level distribution and structural deformation law of different tangent planes of the shell at different frequencies under external excitation are studied. The results show that when the frequency is different, the more intensive the acceleration distribution on the shell surface is, the greater the sound pressure level is. At the same frequency, as the incident pressure wave increases, the deformation on the shell also increases, and the maximum shell deformation and the maximum sound pressure level both appear around 2000 Hz. As the frequency increases, the acceleration distribution on the surface of the shell becomes more denser and the sound pressure level becomes larger.
The past, current, and future of neonatal intensive care units with artificial intelligence: a systematic review
Authors: Keles Elif , Bagci Ulas 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMachine learning and deep learning are two subsets of artificial intelligence that involve teaching computers to learn and make decisions from any sort of data. Most recent developments in artificial intelligence are coming from deep learning, which has proven revolutionary in almost all fields, from computer vision to health sciences. The effects of deep learning in medicine have changed the conventional ways of clinical application significantly. Although some sub-fields of medicine, such as pediatrics, have been relatively slow in receiving the critical benefits of deep learning, related research in pediatrics has started to accumulate to a significant level, too. Hence, in this paper, we review recently developed machine learning and deep learning-based solutions for neonatology applications. We systematically evaluate the roles of both classical machine learning and deep learning in neonatology applications, define the methodologies, including algorithmic developments, and describe the remaining challenges in the assessment of neonatal diseases by using PRISMA 2020 guidelines. To date, the primary areas of focus in neonatology regarding AI applications have included survival analysis, neuroimaging, analysis of vital parameters and biosignals, and retinopathy of prematurity diagnosis. We have categorically summarized 106 research articles from 1996 to 2022 and discussed their pros and cons, respectively. In this systematic review, we aimed to further enhance the comprehensiveness of the study. We also discuss possible directions for new AI models and the future of neonatology with the rising power of AI, suggesting roadmaps for the integration of AI into neonatal intensive care units.
Novel sound exposure drives dynamic changes in auditory lateralization that are associated with perceptual learning in zebra finches
Authors: Furest Cataldo Basilio , Yang Lillian , Cabezas Bryan , Ovetsky Jonathan , Vicario David S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSongbirds provide a model for adult plasticity in the auditory cortex as a function of recent experience due to parallels with human auditory processing. As for speech processing in humans, activity in songbirds’ higher auditory cortex (caudomedial nidopallium, NCM) is lateralized for complex vocalization sounds. However, in Zebra finches exposed to a novel heterospecific (canary) acoustic environment for 4–9 days, the typical pattern of right-lateralization is reversed. We now report that, in birds passively exposed to a novel heterospecific environment for extended periods (up to 21 days), the right-lateralized pattern of epidural auditory potentials first reverses transiently then returns to the typical pattern. Using acute, bilateral multi-unit electrophysiology, we confirm that this dynamic pattern occurs in NCM. Furthermore, extended exposure enhances discrimination for heterospecific stimuli. We conclude that lateralization is functionally labile and, when engaged by novel sensory experience, contributes to discrimination of novel stimuli that may be ethologically relevant. Future studies seek to determine whether, (1) the dynamicity of lateralized processes engaged by novel sensory experiences recurs with every novel challenge in the same organism; (2) the dynamic pattern extends to other cortical, thalamic or midbrain structures; and (3) the phenomenon generalizes across sensory modalities.
Possible strain-induced enhancement of the superconducting onset transition temperature in infinite-layer nickelates
Authors: Ren Xiaolin , Li Jiarui , Chen Wei-Chih , Gao Qiang , Sanchez Joshua J. , Hales Jordyn , Luo Hailan , Rodolakis Fanny , McChesney Jessica L. , Xiang Tao , Hu Jiangping , Comin Riccardo , Wang Yao , Zhou Xingjiang , Zhu Zhihai 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe mechanism of unconventional superconductivity in correlated materials remains a great challenge in condensed matter physics. The recent discovery of superconductivity in infinite-layer nickelates, as an analog to high-Tc cuprates, has opened a new route to tackle this challenge. By growing 8 nm Pr0.8Sr0.2NiO2 films on the (LaAlO3)0.3(Sr2AlTaO6)0.7 substrate, we successfully raise the superconducting onset transition temperature Tc in the widely studied SrTiO3-substrated nickelates from 9 K into 15 K, which indicates compressive strain is an efficient protocol to further enhance superconductivity in infinite-layer nickelates. Additionally, the x-ray absorption spectroscopy, combined with the first-principles and many-body simulations, suggest a crucial role of the hybridization between Ni and O orbitals in the unconventional pairing. These results also suggest the increase of Tc be driven by the change of charge-transfer nature that would narrow the origin of general unconventional superconductivity in correlated materials to the covalence of transition metals and ligands.
TANGO: a placebo-controlled randomized phase 2 study of efficacy and safety of the anti-tau monoclonal antibody gosuranemab in early Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Shulman Melanie , Kong Jessica , O’Gorman John , Ratti Elena , Rajagovindan Rajasimhan , Viollet Louis , Huang Ellen , Sharma Sanjiv , Racine Annie M. , Czerkowicz Julie , Graham Danielle , Li Yumeng , Hering Heike , Haeberlein Samantha Budd 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn Alzheimer’s disease, the spread of aberrantly phosphorylated tau is an important criterion in the Braak staging of disease severity and correlates with disease symptomatology. Here, we report the results of TANGO (NCT03352557), a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group and multiple-dose long-term trial of gosuranemab—a monoclonal antibody to N-terminal tau—in patients with early Alzheimer’s disease. The primary objective was to assess the safety and tolerability of gosuranemab compared to placebo. The secondary objectives were to assess the efficacy of multiple doses of gosuranemab in slowing cognitive and functional impairment (using the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB) scores at week 78) and evaluate the immunogenicity of gosuranemab (using the incidence of anti-gosuranemab antibody responses). Participants were randomized (n = 654); received (n = 650) low-dose (125 mg once every 4 weeks (q4w), n = 58; 375 mg q12w, n = 58), intermediate-dose (600 mg q4w, n = 106) or high-dose (2,000 mg q4w, n = 214) gosuranemab or placebo (q4w, n = 214) intravenously for 78 weeks; and assigned to cerebrospinal fluid (n = 327) and/or tau positron emission tomography (n = 357) biomarker substudies. Gosuranemab had an acceptable safety profile and was generally well tolerated (incidence of serious adverse events: placebo, 12.1%; low dose, 10.3%; intermediate dose, 12.3%; high dose, 11.7%). The incidence of treatment-emergent gosuranemab antibody responses was low at all time points. No significant effects were identified in cognitive and functional tests as no dose resulted in a favorable change from the baseline CDR-SB score at week 78 compared to placebo control (adjusted mean change: placebo, 1.85; low dose, 2.20; intermediate dose, 2.24; high dose, 1.85). At week 76, all doses caused significant (P < 0.0001) reductions in the cerebrospinal fluid levels of unbound N-terminal tau compared to placebo.
Rhinovirus dynamics across different social structures
Authors: Luka Martha M. , Otieno James R. , Kamau Everlyn , Morobe John Mwita , Murunga Nickson , Adema Irene , Nyiro Joyce Uchi , Macharia Peter M. , Bigogo Godfrey , Otieno Nancy A. , Nyawanda Bryan O. , Rabaa Maia A. , Emukule Gideon O. , Onyango Clayton , Munywoki Patrick K. , Agoti Charles N. , Nokes D. James 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRhinoviruses (RV), common human respiratory viruses, exhibit significant antigenic diversity, yet their dynamics across distinct social structures remain poorly understood. Our study delves into RV dynamics within Kenya by analysing VP4/2 sequences across four different social structures: households, a public primary school, outpatient clinics in the Kilifi Health and Demographics Surveillance System (HDSS), and countrywide hospital admissions and outpatients. The study revealed the greatest diversity of RV infections at the countrywide level (114 types), followed by the Kilifi HDSS (78 types), the school (47 types), and households (40 types), cumulatively representing >90% of all known RV types. Notably, RV diversity correlated directly with the size of the population under observation, and several RV type variants occasionally fuelled RV infection waves. Our findings highlight the critical role of social structures in shaping RV dynamics, information that can be leveraged to enhance public health strategies. Future research should incorporate whole-genome analysis to understand fine-scale evolution across various social structures.
Anti‐occlusion person re‐identification via body topology information restoration and similarity evaluation
Authors: Meng Chunyun , Ganaa Ernest Domanaanmwi , Wu Bin , Tan Zhen , Luan Li 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn real‐world scenarios, pedestrian images often suffer from occlusion, where certain body features become invisible, making it challenging for existing methods to accurately identify pedestrians with the same ID. Traditional approaches typically focus on matching only the visible body parts, which can lead to misalignment when the occlusion patterns vary. To address this issue and alleviate misalignment in occluded pedestrian images, the authors propose a novel framework called body topology information generation and matching. The framework consists of two main modules: the body topology information generation module and the body topology information matching module. The body topology information generation module employs an adaptive detection mechanism and capsule generative adversarial network to restore a holistic pedestrian image while preserving the body topology information. The body topology information matching module leverages the restored holistic image from body topology information generation to overcome spatial misalignment and utilises cosine distance as the similarity measure for matching. By combining the body topology information generation and body topology information matching modules, the authors achieve consistency in the body topology information features of pedestrian images, ranging from restoration to retrieval. Extensive experiments are conducted on both holistic person re‐identification datasets (Market‐1501, DukeMTMC‐ReID) and occluded person re‐identification datasets (Occluded‐DukeMTMC, Occluded‐ReID). The results demonstrate the superior performance of the authors proposed model, and visualisations of the generation and matching modules are provided to illustrate their effectiveness. Furthermore, an ablation study is conducted to validate the contributions of the proposed framework.
The preparation of PVA/PBS/LiCl hydrogels and their performance as conductive gels
Authors: Guo Zheng , Wang Zebo , Pan Wei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe article describes the preparation of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/polybutylene succinate (PBS)/lithium chloride (LiCl) hydrogels, their structural features, as well as their electrical and mechanical properties. Firstly, by using a twin screw extruder, the PBS was blended with plasticized PVA and then PBS fibres were formed during the process. Secondly, the PVA/PBS composite materials were dissolved in the binary mixed solvent of glycerol and water containing LiCl to prepare PVA/PBS/LiCl hydrogels by the sol‐gel method. The morphology, structure, mechanical property, and conductivity of the hydrogels were investigated. The mechanical property of the hydrogels is improved with PBS fibres significantly and LiCl can improve the electrical conductivity of the hydrogels. The strength and conductivity of the PVA/PBS/LiCl (3 wt%) hydrogels are 4.67 MPa and 8.3 s/m, respectively. The PVA/PBS/LiCl hydrogels show good mechanical strength and conductivity and can be used in the wearable sensor field.
On inverse symmetric division deg index of graphs
Authors: Raza Zahid , Saha Laxman , Das Kinkar Chandra 
Published: November 2023

One of the 148 discrete Adria indices is the symmetric division deg (SDD) index. It was developed about 13 years ago. Motivated by the success of the symmetric division deg index, Ghorbani et al. recently proposed an inverse version of this index, which they called the ISDD index (Inverse symmetric division deg index). The inverse symmetric division deg index (ISDD) of a graph Γ is defined as follows:
$$ \mathrm{ISDD}(\mathrm{\Gamma })=\sum_{{v}_i{v}_j\in E(\mathrm{\Gamma })} \enspace \frac{{d}_i{d}_j}{{d}_i^2+{d}_j^2}, $$
where di is the degree of the vertex vi in Γ. In this paper, we determine the second maximal and the second minimal trees with respect to the inverse symmetric division deg index (ISDD). We prove that the star gives the minimal and the complete bipartite graph K⌈n/2⌉, ⌊n/2⌋ gives the maximal graphs with respect to the inverse symmetric division deg index (ISDD) among any chain graph of order n. Moreover, the Turán graph gives the maximal graph with respect to the ISDD index for any simple graph of order n with chromatic number k. Finally, we give concluding remarks about future works.
Successful Endovascular Treatment of Postbiopsy AVF in Transplanted Kidneys: Lessons Learned from Two Cases in Multiorgan Transplant Recipients
Authors: Želalić Sven , Šimunov Bojana , Maksimović Bojana , Mužar Rea , Laganović Mario , Vidjak Vinko 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAllograft biopsy is a cornerstone in the management of transplanted kidneys. It is a safe procedure, often performed in the outpatient setting. A rare complication is formation of a postbiopsy arteriovenous fistula (AVF). We present here a report of two cases of postbiopsy AVFs treated endovascularly. Selective embolization is a safe and effective method of treatment of postbiopsy AVFs in renal allografts.
High-temperature effects for transition state calculations in solids
Authors: Ke Chengxuan , Nie Chenxi , Luo Guangfu 
Published: November 2023

Transition state calculation is a critical technique to understand and predict versatile dynamical phenomena in solids. However, the transition state results obtained at 0 K are often utilized for the prediction or interpretation of dynamical processes at high temperatures, and the error bars of such an approximation are largely unknown. In this benchmark study, all the major temperature effects, including lattice expansion, lattice vibration, electron excitation, and band-edge shift, are evaluated with first-principles calculations for defect diffusion in solids. With the inclusion of these temperature effects, the notable discrepancies between theoretical predictions at 0 K and the experimental diffusivities at high temperatures are dramatically reduced. In particular, we find that lattice expansion and lattice vibration are the dominant factors lowering the defect formation energies and hopping barriers at high temperatures, but the electron excitation exhibits minor effects. In sharp contrast to typical assumptions, the attempt frequency with lattice expansion and vibration varies significantly with materials: several THz for aluminum bulk but surprisingly over 500 THz for 4H-SiC. For defects in semiconductors, the band-edge shift is also significant at high temperatures and plays a vital role in defect diffusion. We expect that this study would help accurately predict the dynamical processes at high temperatures.