bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing radiologists’ and radiographers’ perceptions on artificial intelligence integration: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Al Mohammad Badera , Aldaradkeh Afnan , Gharaibeh Monther , Reed Warren 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The objective of this study was to evaluate radiologists’ and radiographers’ opinions and perspectives on artificial intelligence (AI) and its integration into the radiology department. Additionally, we investigated the most common challenges and barriers that radiologists and radiographers face when learning about AI.

Methods
A nationwide, online descriptive cross-sectional survey was distributed to radiologists and radiographers working in hospitals and medical centres from May 29, 2023 to July 30, 2023. The questionnaire examined the participants’ opinions, feelings, and predictions regarding AI and its applications in the radiology department. Descriptive statistics were used to report the participants’ demographics and responses. Five-points Likert-scale data were reported using divergent stacked bar graphs to highlight any central tendencies.

Results
Responses were collected from 258 participants, revealing a positive attitude towards implementing AI. Both radiologists and radiographers predicted breast imaging would be the subspecialty most impacted by the AI revolution. MRI, mammography, and CT were identified as the primary modalities with significant importance in the field of AI application. The major barrier encountered by radiologists and radiographers when learning about AI was the lack of mentorship, guidance, and support from experts.

Conclusion
Participants demonstrated a positive attitude towards learning about AI and implementing it in the radiology practice. However, radiologists and radiographers encounter several barriers when learning about AI, such as the absence of experienced professionals support and direction.

Advances in knowledge
Radiologists and radiographers reported several barriers to AI learning, with the most significant being the lack of mentorship and guidance from experts, followed by the lack of funding and investment in new technologies.
A case of chylous ascites caused by reflux from the cisterna chyli to the disrupted common iliac lymphatic vessel: fluoroscopic records during intranodal lymphangiography
Authors: Oka Taiga , Ishimaru Hideki , Hirao Maki , Nagayama Hiroki , Miyamura Shuto , Somagawa Chika , Nonaka Takashi , Honda Takuya , Toya Ryo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A 40-year-old woman underwent laparoscopic common iliac lymphadenectomy for metastasis from rectal cancer. Two weeks after the surgery, she was found to have massive chylous ascites. After failure of conservative treatment, bilateral inguinal intranodal lymphangiography was performed. No definite extravasation was observed while lipiodol injected through the left inguinal node was ascending. When we punctured the right inguinal lymph nodes and started the injection of lipiodol, extravasation of diluted lipiodol was noted at the level of the first sacrum. Careful observation revealed that the ascending lipiodol became diluted in the cisterna chyli, refluxed through the median paraaortic route, leaked from the excised left common iliac lymph vessel, and flowed into the abdominal cavity. Lipiodol used in lymphangiography did not reduce chylous ascites at all. Twenty-seven days after lymphangiography, laparoscopic lymphatic ligation was performed, and the chylous ascites disappeared completely. CT obtained 40 days after surgical repair revealed disappearance of ascites and enlargement of the thoracic duct, which had not been observed on preoperative lymphangiography. Notably, lymphatic reflux from the cisterna chili can occur without obstruction of the thoracic duct and may result in chylous ascites.
Transcatheter management of pure native aortic valve regurgitation in patients with left ventricular assist device
Authors: Hinkov Hristian , Lee Chong Bin , Pitts Leonard , Lanmüller Pia , Klein Christoph , Kukucka Marian , Potapov Evgenij , Kempfert Jörg , Falk Volkmar , Dreger Henryk , Unbehaun Axel 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) frequently complicates the clinical course after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has emerged as an alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) in this cohort with a mostly high surgical risk profile. The unique challenges in LVAD patients, such as presence of non-calcified aortic valves and annular dilatation, raise concerns about device migration and paravalvular leakage (PVL) leading to missing device success. This study evaluates procedural outcomes and survival rates in LVAD patients who underwent TAVI, emphasizing strategies to enhance device success.

METHODS
Between January 2017 and April 2023, 27 LVAD patients with clinically significant AR underwent elective or urgent TAVI at our centre. Primary end-points were procedural success rates, without the need for a second transcatheter heart valve (THV) and postprocedural AR/PVL. Secondary outcomes included survival rates and adverse events.

RESULTS
Among the cohort, 14.8% received AR-dedicated TAVI devices, with none requiring a second THV. There was no intraprocedural AR, and 1 patient (25%) had AR &gt; ‘trace’ at discharge. Additionally, 25.9% underwent device landing zone (DLZ) pre-stenting with a standard TAVI device, all without needing a second THV. There was no intraprocedural AR, and none to trace AR at discharge. Among the 59.3% receiving standard TAVI devices, 37.5% required a second THV. In this subgroup, intraprocedural AR &gt; ‘trace’ occurred in 12.5%, decreasing to 6.25% at discharge. In-hospital mortality was 3.7%, and median follow-up survival was 388 days (interquartile range 208–1167 days).

CONCLUSIONS
TAVI yields promising procedural outcomes and early survival rates in LVAD patients with AR. Tailored TAVI devices and pre-stenting techniques enhance procedural success. Continued research into these strategies is essential to optimize outcomes in this complex patient cohort.
A multidisciplinary Delphi consensus to define evidence-based quality indicators for diabetic foot ulcer care
Authors: Lusendi Flora Mbela , Vanherwegen An-Sofie , Nobels Frank , Matricali Giovanni Arnoldo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Valid measures to assess quality of care delivered to patients with diabetes suffering from diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) are scarce. This study aimed to achieve consensus on relevant and feasible quality indicators (QIs) among stakeholders involved in DFU care and was conducted as the second part of a Belgian QI selection study that sought to identify QIs for DFU care.

Methods
A stakeholder panel, including caregivers from primary care and specialized disciplines active in diabetic foot care as well as a patient organization representative, was recruited. By using the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method, stakeholders were asked to rate a list of 42 candidate evidence-based indicators for appropriateness through a 9-point Likert scale. QIs were classified based on the median ratings and the disagreement index, calculated by the inter-percentile range adjusted for symmetry.

Results
At the end of a three-phase process, 17 QIs were judged as appropriate. Among them, five were not previously described, covering the following topics: integration of wound care specialty in the multidisciplinary team, systematic evaluation of the nutritional status of the patient, administration of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol lowering medication and protocolized care (implementation of care and prevention management protocols).

Conclusions
The identified evidence-based QIs provide an assessment tool to evaluate and monitor quality of care delivered to DFU patients. Future research should focus on their complementarity with the existing QIs and their implementation in clinical practice.
Political polarization may affect attitudes towards vaccination. An analysis based on the European Social Survey data from 23 countries
Authors: Wróblewski Michał , Meler Andrzej 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Political polarization may result in increased confirmation bias, strengthening of disinformation mechanisms or policy distortion. This raises the question whether it may influence the vaccination programmes. This study investigates the relationship between the level of political polarization and coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine behaviour and vaccine acceptance.

Methods
In our study, we use the Partisan Polarization Index (PPI). The PPI aims to measure the gap between satisfaction with the government expressed by supporters of the ruling parties and that expressed by supporters of the opposition parties. We use the data from the latest round of the European Social Service from 23 countries. The effect of the PPI on the variability of vaccination declarations and intent across countries was verified based on a linear regression model.

Results
The linear regression score for 23 countries revealed a statistically significant relationship between the vaccination variable and the level of political polarization. The model explains the variability in the vaccination levels based on the PPI in a given country at 38.6%.

Conclusions
Political polarization can contribute to shaping negative attitudes towards vaccination through policy distortion, undermining the effectiveness of compliance against regulation, undermining trust in science and increasing the public's susceptibility to conspiracy theories.
A systematic review of literature examining the application of a social model of health and wellbeing
Authors: Rahman Rachel , Reid Caitlin , Kloer Philip , Henchie Anna , Thomas Andrew , Zwiggelaar Reyer 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Following years of sustained pressure on the UK health service, there is recognition amongst health professionals and stakeholders that current models of healthcare are likely to be inadequate going forward. Therefore, a fundamental review of existing social models of healthcare is needed to ascertain current thinking in this area, and whether there is a need to change perspective on current thinking.

Method
Through a systematic research review, this paper seeks to address how previous literature has conceptualized a social model of healthcare and, how implementation of the models has been evaluated. Analysis and data were extracted from 222 publications and explored the country of origin, methodological approach, and the health and social care contexts which they were set.

Results
The publications predominantly drawn from the USA, UK, Australia, Canada and Europe identified five themes namely: the lack of a clear and unified definition of a social model of health and wellbeing; the need to understand context; the need for cultural change; improved integration and collaboration towards a holistic and person-centred approach; measuring and evaluating the performance of a social model of health.

Conclusion
The review identified a need for a clear definition of a social model of health and wellbeing. Furthermore, consideration is needed on how a model integrates with current models and whether it will act as a descriptive framework or, will be developed into an operational model. The review highlights the importance of engagement with users and partner organizations in the co-creation of a model of healthcare.
Accelerating pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma research: the Hodgkin Lymphoma Data Collaboration (NODAL)
Authors: Wyatt Kirk D , Birz Suzi , Castellino Sharon M , Henderson Tara O , Lucas John T , Pei Qinglin , Zhou Yiwang , Volchenboum Samuel L , Furner Brian , Watkins Michael , Kelly Kara M , Flerlage Jamie E ,   the Hodgkin Lymphoma Data Collaboration (NODAL), Achen Bhavya , Appel Burt , Beauchemin Melissa , Belsky Jenny , Casey Dana , Cole Peter , Constine Louis , Dave Hema , Drachtman Richard , Forlenza Chris , Friedman Debra , Harker-Murray Paul , Hodgson David , Hoppe Brad , Jacobs Shana , Kahn Justine , Kamdar Kala , Keller Frank , Lo Andrea , Mailhot Raymond , Marks Lianna , McCarten Kathleen , Milgrom Sarah , Mori Tomi , Parsons Susan , Punnett Angela , Schwartz Cindy , Seelisch Jenn , Wu Yue , Castellino Sharon , Flerlage Jamie , Henderson Tara , Kelly Kara , Lucas John , Pei Qinglin , Volchenboum Samuel , Zhou Yiwang , Birz Suzi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Data commons have proven to be an indispensable avenue for advancing pediatric cancer research by serving as unified information technology platforms that, when coupled with data standards, facilitate data sharing. The Pediatric Cancer Data Commons, the flagship project of Data for the Common Good (D4CG), collaborates with disease-based consortia to facilitate development of clinical data standards, harmonization and pooling of clinical data from disparate sources, establishment of governance structure, and sharing of clinical data. In the interest of international collaboration, researchers developed the Hodgkin Lymphoma Data Collaboration and forged a relationship with the Pediatric Cancer Data Commons to establish a data commons for pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma. Herein, we describe the progress made in the formation of Hodgkin Lymphoma Data Collaboration and foundational goals to advance pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma research.
An interesting twist: 90 year-old female with acute small bowel obstruction due to midgut volvulus
Authors: Jackson Hillary M , Saed Khaled , Adams Turner , Maturasingh Matthew B , Vedros Fallon D , Masri Mohammad M 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We report an exceptionally rare presentation of midgut volvulus secondary to malrotation in a nonagenarian female. According to our extensive literature review, this 90-year-old female is the oldest reported case of midgut volvulus. This patient presented with acute recurrent emesis. Imaging showed midgut volvulus with associated small bowel obstruction. The patient underwent an exploratory laparotomy that revealed midgut volvulus because of congenital malrotation and Ladd’s bands, necessitating a modified Ladd’s procedure. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course. Congenital malrotation with Ladd’s bands was likely asymptomatic throughout this patient’s life. Our case adds to the scarce instances where midgut volvulus with malrotation is identified in elderly patients, underscoring the importance of considering this diagnosis irrespective of age. We recommend including midgut volvulus because of malrotation in a differential list of atypical small bowel obstruction in elderly patients.
A practical guide to a moment approach for neutrino transport in numerical relativity
Authors: Musolino Carlo , Rezzolla Luciano 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
The development of a neutrino moment-based radiative-transfer code to simulate binary neutron star mergers can easily become an obstacle path because of the numerous ways in which the solution of the equations may fail. We describe the implementation of the grey M1 scheme in our fully general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamics code and detail those choices and strategies that could lead either to a robust scheme or to a series of failures. In addition, we present new tests designed to show the consistency and accuracy of our code in conditions that are similar to realistic merging conditions and introduce a new, publicly available, benchmark based on the head-on collision of two neutron stars. This test, which is computationally less expensive than a complete merging binary but has all the potential pitfalls of the full scenario, can be used to compare future implementations of M1 schemes with the one presented here.
Galactic cosmic-ray scattering due to intermittent structures
Authors: Butsky Iryna S , Hopkins Philip F , Kempski Philipp , Ponnada Sam B , Quataert Eliot , Squire Jonathan 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Cosmic rays (CRs) with energies ≪ TeV comprise a significant component of the interstellar medium (ISM). Major uncertainties in CR behaviour on observable scales (much larger than CR gyroradii) stem from how magnetic fluctuations scatter CRs in pitch angle. Traditional first-principles models, which assume these magnetic fluctuations are weak and uniformly scatter CRs in a homogeneous ISM, struggle to reproduce basic observables such as the dependence of CR residence times and scattering rates on rigidity. We therefore explore a new category of ‘patchy’ CR scattering models, wherein CRs are pre-dominantly scattered by intermittent strong scattering structures with small volume-filling factors. These models produce the observed rigidity dependence with a simple size distribution constraint, such that larger scattering structures are rarer but can scatter a wider range of CR energies. To reproduce the empirically inferred CR scattering rates, the mean free path between scattering structures must be $\ell _{\rm mfp}\sim 10\, {\rm pc}$ at GeV energies. We derive constraints on the sizes, internal properties, mass/volume-filling factors, and the number density any such structures would need to be both physically and observationally consistent. We consider a range of candidate structures, both large scale (e.g. H ii regions) and small scale (e.g. intermittent turbulent structures, perhaps even associated with radio plasma scattering) and show that while many macroscopic candidates can be immediately ruled out as the primary CR scattering sites, many smaller structures remain viable and merit further theoretical study. We discuss future observational constraints that could test these models.
Insight-HXMT observations of thermonuclear X-ray bursts in 4U 1636−53
Authors: Yan Zhe , Zhang Guobao , Chen Yu-Peng , Zhang Shu , Méndez Mariano , Peng Jingqiang , Zhang Shuang-Nan , Qu Jinlu , Lyu Ming , Mao Jirong , Ge Mingyu , Wang Jiancheng 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
We conducted an analysis of 45 bursts observed from 4U 1636−53. To investigate the mechanism behind the light-curve profiles and the impact of thermonuclear X-ray bursts on the accretion environment in accreting neutron star low-mass X-ray binaries. This analysis employed both light-curve and time-resolved spectroscopy methodologies, with data collected by the Insight-Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope instrument. We found that 30 bursts exhibited similar light-curve profiles and were predominantly in the hard state, and two photospheric radius expansion (PRE) bursts were in the soft state. The light curves of most bursts did not follow a single exponential decay but displayed a dual-exponential behaviour. The initial exponent had a duration of approximately 6 s. We utilized both the standard method and the ‘fa’ method to fit the burst spectra. The majority of the ‘fa’ values exceeded 1, indicating an enhancement of the persistent emission during the burst. Under the two Comptonization components assumption, we suggest that the scattering of burst photons by the inner corona may mainly contribute to the persistent emission enhancement. We also observed an inverse correlation between the maximum fa and the persistent emission flux in the non-PRE burst. This anticorrelation suggests that when the accretion rate is lower, there is a greater enhancement of persistent emission during the burst peak. The prediction based on Poynting–Robertson drag (P–R drag) aligns with this observed anticorrelation.
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease from clinical to pathological characteristics: a multi-center cross-sectional study in real world
Authors: Li Yan , Dai Changyong , Ruan Yuhua , Yang Haiqing , Zeng Huang , Huang Rui , Wang Jialu , Dai Mingjia , Hao Jungui , Wang Liping , Li Jie , Yan Xuebing , Lu Zhonghua , Ji Fang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
The evaluation of patients with fatty liver as defined by metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in the real world remains poorly researched. This study aimed to analyse the clinical and histological features of patients with MAFLD and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and to characterize each metabolic subgroup of MAFLD.

Methods
A total of 2563 patients with fatty liver confirmed by ultrasonography and/or magnetic resonance tomography and/or liver biopsy-proven from three hospitals in China were included in the study. Patients were divided into different groups according to diagnostic criteria for MAFLD and NAFLD, and MAFLD into different subgroups.

Results
There were 2337 (91.2%) patients fitting the MAFLD criteria, and 2095 (81.7%) fitting the NAFLD criteria. Compared to patients with NAFLD, those with MAFLD were more likely to be male, had more metabolic traits, higher liver enzyme levels, and noninvasive fibrosis scores. Among the patients with liver biopsy, the extent of advanced fibrosis in cases with MAFLD was significantly higher than those with NAFLD, 31.8% versus 5.2% (P &lt; .001); there was no significant difference in advanced fibrosis between obese cases and lean individuals in MAFLD (P &gt; .05); MAFLD complicated with diabetes had significantly higher advanced fibrosis than those without diabetes (43.3% and 17.2%, respectively; P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
Patients with MAFLD have a higher degree of liver fibrosis than NAFLD patients. In addition, diabetic patients should be screened for fatty liver and liver fibrosis degree.
Vascular endothelial cellular mechanics under hyperglycemia and its role in tissue regeneration
Authors: Wang Kui , Ge Yongmei , Yang Yongshuai , Li Zhenjian , Liu Jiayi , Xue Yizebang , Zhang Yuanjun , Pang Xiangchao , Ngan A H W , Tang Bin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Diabetes is one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide. The tissue regeneration of diabetes patients is known to be rather tricky as the result of vascular dysfunction, and this leads to various clinical complications including diabetic foot ulcers. The vascular endothelial cells, which compactly line the inner surface of blood vessels, are responsible for the growth and maintenance of blood vessels and play an essential role in tissue regeneration. Although the mechanical properties of cells are generally known to be regulated by physiological/pathological conditions, few studies have been performed to investigate vascular endothelial cellular mechanics under hyperglycemia and the biological functions related to tissue regeneration. In this study, we conduct a systematic investigation of this issue. The results suggested that the stiffness of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) can be significantly regulated by the glucose concentration, subsequently, leading to significant alterations in cell migration and proliferation capabilities that are closely related to tissue regeneration. The rearrangement of the cytoskeleton induced by hyperglycemia through Cdc42 was found to be one of the pathways for the alteration of the cell stiffness and the subsequent cell dysfunctions. Therefore, we suggested that the inhibition of Cdc42 might be a promising strategy to facilitate various tissue regeneration for diabetes patients.