bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MechGPT, a Language-Based Strategy for Mechanics and Materials Modeling That Connects Knowledge Across Scales, Disciplines, and Modalities
Authors: Buehler Markus J. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
For centuries, researchers have sought out ways to connect disparate areas of knowledge. While early scholars (Galileo, da Vinci, etc.) were experts across fields, specialization took hold later. With the advent of Artificial Intelligence, we can now explore relationships across areas (e.g., mechanics-biology) or disparate domains (e.g., failure mechanics-art). To achieve this, we use a fine-tuned large language model (LLM), here for a subset of knowledge in multiscale materials failure. The approach includes the use of a general-purpose LLM to distill question-answer pairs from raw sources followed by LLM fine-tuning. The resulting MechGPT LLM foundation model is used in a series of computational experiments to explore its capacity for knowledge retrieval, various language tasks, hypothesis generation, and connecting knowledge across disparate areas. While the model has some ability to recall knowledge from training, we find that LLMs are particularly useful for extracting structural insights through Ontological Knowledge Graphs. These interpretable graph structures provide explanatory insights, frameworks for new research questions, and visual representations of knowledge that also can be used in retrieval-augmented generation. Three versions of MechGPT are discussed, featuring different sizes from 13 × 109 to 70 × 109 parameters, and reaching context lengths of more than 10,000 tokens. This provides ample capacity for sophisticated retrieval augmented strategies, as well as agent-based modeling where multiple LLMs interact collaboratively and/or adversarially, the incorporation of new data from the literature or web searches, as well as multimodality.
A luminous fast radio burst that probes the Universe at redshift 1
Authors: Ryder S. D. , Bannister K. W. , Bhandari S. , Deller A. T. , Ekers R. D. , Glowacki M. , Gordon A. C. , Gourdji K. , James C. W. , Kilpatrick C. D. , Lu W. , Marnoch L. , Moss V. A. , Prochaska J. X. , Qiu H. , Sadler E. M. , Simha S. , Sammons M. W. , Scott D. R. , Tejos N. , Shannon R. M. 
Published: October 2023

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are millisecond-duration pulses of radio emission originating from extragalactic distances. Radio dispersion is imparted on each burst by intervening plasma, mostly located in the intergalactic medium. In this work, we observe the burst FRB 20220610A and localize it to a morphologically complex host galaxy system at redshift 1.016 ± 0.002. The burst redshift and dispersion measure are consistent with passage through a substantial column of plasma in the intergalactic medium and extend the relationship between those quantities measured at lower redshift. The burst shows evidence for passage through additional turbulent magnetized plasma, potentially associated with the host galaxy. We use the burst energy of 2 × 10
42
erg to revise the empirical maximum energy of an FRB.
The essential role of clathrin-mediated endocytosis and early endosomes in the trafficking of begomoviruses through the primary salivary glands of their whitefly vectors
Authors: Guo Qi , Ban Fei-Xue , Xia Wen-Qiang , Shu Yan-Ni , Liu Yin-Quan , Liu Shu-Sheng , Pan Li-Long , Wang Xiao-Wei 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Begomoviruses are significant constraints to the production of many crops worldwide. Efficient passage of the circulatively transmitted begomoviruses through the midgut and primary salivary gland (PSG) of their whitefly vector is an essential step in productive virus transmission. While how begomoviruses transport across the whitefly midgut wall has been characterized, the mechanisms underlying the trafficking of begomoviruses through whitefly PSG remain poorly understood. In this study, we combined direct injection of purified virions into the whitefly hemolymph with inhibitor and dsRNA treatment and investigated the roles of endocytosis and endosomes in the entry and intracellular trafficking of begomoviruses in whitefly PSG. We found that clathrin-mediated endocytosis and early endosomes mediated the entry of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) into whitefly PSG. Additionally, late and recycling endosomes were not involved in TYLCV trafficking in PSG. Notably, the regulating proteins of vesicle trafficking such as Arp2/3 complex; CORVET complex subunits Vps8, Vps11, and Vps33a; and sorting nexin Snx12 did not seem to play a role in TYLCV entry into PSG. Furthermore, clathrin-mediated endocytosis and early endosomes were found to mediate the entry of another begomovirus into PSG, indicating it might be a conserved pathway exploited by begomoviruses to enter PSG. Our results uncovered the key whitefly components that mediate the trafficking of begomoviruses in PSGs of their insect vectors.

IMPORTANCE
Many plant viruses are transmitted by insect vectors in a circulative manner. For efficient transmission, the entry of the virus from vector hemolymph into the primary salivary gland (PSG) is a step of paramount importance. Yet, vector components mediating virus entry into PSG remain barely characterized. Here, we demonstrate the role of clathrin-mediated endocytosis and early endosomes in begomovirus entry into whitefly PSG. Our findings unravel the key components involved in begomovirus transport within the whitefly body and transmission by their whitefly vectors and provide novel clues for blocking begomovirus transmission.
Variability of scan quality and perfusion density in longitudinal optical coherence tomography angiography imaging
Authors: Smith Corey A , Josey Vanessa L , West Michael E , Dyachok Oksana M , Sharpe Glen P , Vianna Jayme R , Rafuse Paul E , Shuba Lesya M , Nicolela Marcelo T , Chauhan Balwantray C 
Published: October 2023

Background/aims
Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) images are subject to variability, but the extent to which learning impacts OCT-A measurements is unknown. We determined whether there is a learning effect in glaucoma patients and healthy controls imaged with OCT-A.

Methods
Ninety-one open-angle glaucoma patients and 54 healthy controls were imaged every 4 months over a period of approximately 1 year in this longitudinal cohort study. We analysed 15°×15° scans, centred on the fovea, in one eye of each participant. Two-dimensional projection images for the superficial, intermediate and deep vascular plexuses were exported and binarised after which perfusion density was calculated. Linear mixed-effects models were used to investigate the association between perfusion density and follow-up time.

Results
The mean (SD) age of glaucoma patients and healthy controls was 67.3 (8.1) years and 62.1 (9.0) years, respectively. There was a significant correlation between perfusion density and scan quality in both glaucoma patients (r=0.50 (95% CI 0.42 to 0.58); p<0.05) and healthy controls (r=0.41 (95% CI 0.29 to 0.52); p<0.05). An increase in perfusion density occurred over time and persisted, even after adjustment for scan quality (1.75% per year (95% CI 1.14 to 2.37), p<0.01).

Conclusions
Perfusion density measurements are subject to increasing experience of either the operator or participant, or a combination of both. These findings have implications for the interpretation of longitudinal measurements with OCT-A.
COVID-19 has no impact on disease activity, progression and cognitive performance in people with multiple sclerosis: a 2-year study
Authors: Montini Federico , Nozzolillo Agostino , Tedone Nicolò , Mistri Damiano , Rancoita Paola MV , Zanetta Chiara , Mandelli Alessandra , Furlan Roberto , Moiola Lucia , Martinelli Vittorio , Rocca Maria A , Filippi Massimo 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundSequelae of COVID-19 in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) have not been characterised. We explored whether COVID-19 is associated with an increased risk of disease activity, disability worsening, neuropsychological distress and cognitive dysfunction during the 18–24 months following SARS-COV-2 infection.MethodsWe enrolled 174 PwMS with history of COVID-19 (MS-COVID) between March 2020 and March 2021 and compared them to an age, sex, disease duration, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), and a line of treatment-matched group of 348 PwMS with no history of COVID-19 in the same period (MS-NCOVID). We collected clinical, MRI data and SARS-CoV2 immune response in the 18–24 months following COVID-19 or baseline evaluation. At follow-up, PwMS also underwent a complete neuropsychological assessment with brief repeatable battery of neuropsychological tests and optimised scales for fatigue, anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress symptoms.Results136 MS-COVID and 186 MS-NCOVID accepted the complete longitudinal evaluation. The two groups had similar rate of EDSS worsening (15% vs 11%, p=1.00), number of relapses (6% vs 5%, p=1.00), disease-modifying therapy change (7% vs 4%, p=0.81), patients with new T2-lesions (9% vs 11%, p=1.00) and gadolinium-enhancing lesions (7% vs 4%, p=1.00) on brain MRI. 22% of MS-COVID and 23% MS-NCOVID were cognitively impaired at 18–24 months evaluation, with similar prevalence of cognitive impairment (p=1.00). The z-scores of global and domain-specific cognitive functions and the prevalence of neuropsychiatric manifestations were also similar. No difference was detected in terms of SARS-CoV2 cellular immune response.ConclusionsIn PwMS, COVID-19 has no impact on disease activity, course and cognitive performance 18–24 months after infection.
Centre pork chop colour classification using image analysis on the ventral surface of the loin
Authors: Wei X. , Bohrer B. , Uttaro B. , Juárez M. 
Published: October 2023

Image analysis of ventral, anterior, and posterior ends of 550 pork loins was used to classify extreme-coloured centre chops. Only the ventral side was strongly correlated ( r = 0.79) to the centre chop. Thresholds at 2.5th, 5th, and 7.5th percentiles of ventral surface pale pork were selected to classify centre chop pale pork (5th percentile). Increasing stringency increased accuracy in excluding pale samples. At the 7.5th percentile, prediction accuracy of pale (85.7%) and non-pale samples (89.5%) was balanced. This method can be adopted by commercial pork processors as a classification or pre-sorting approach.
Whitehorse Trough records Late Triassic–Cretaceous accretionary orogenesis in the Northern Canadian Cordillera via detrital mineral thermochronometry
Authors: Kellett Dawn A. , Coutand I. , Zagorevski A. , Grujic D. , Dewing K. , Beranek L. 
Published: October 2023

The Whitehorse Trough formed during early Mesozoic accretion of the Intermontane terranes to northwestern North America. Here we investigate its thermal history using detrital mineral thermochronology, including 171 single-crystal (U–Th)/He zircon (ZHe) ages from 35 samples, 158 single-crystal (U–Th)/He apatite (AHe) ages from 33 samples, and apatite fission track (AFT) ages from 12 samples. ZHe single crystal ages range from 222 to 42 Ma and define Triassic–Early Jurassic, Late Jurassic, and Cretaceous–Paleogene age groups. AFT central ages range from 95 to 30 Ma with a dominant age peak at ∼50 Ma, and AHe single crystal ages range from 228 to 13 Ma with a dominant age peak between 50 and 40 Ma. Forward and inverse models of thermochronological data are compatible with two regional burial/heating stages that variably reset He in zircon. Maximum temperatures of the Whitehorse Trough strata locally exceeded 150 °C during Early Jurassic burial and shortening into a fold and thrust belt. Following Middle to Late Jurassic exhumation-related cooling and development of a prominent unconformity, Whitehorse Trough strata were buried again. Temperatures locally exceeded 150 °C during the Cretaceous, suggesting maximum burial of between ∼4 and 7.5 km. Heating and cooling rates during the Early–Middle Jurassic were ∼10 °C/myr, coinciding with deposition, fold and thrust belt development, and regional crustal thickening during the final stages of Intermontane terrane accretion. Maximum heating rates during the Cretaceous were ∼4–7 °C/myr and likely correspond to regional crustal thickening of the northern Cordillera hinterland and establishment of an outboard, Andean-type continental arc system.
Hierarchical remote preparation of an arbitrary m-qudit state with multiple agents
Authors: Jiang Junli , Ma Songya , Yan Xia 
Published: October 2023

Based on Jin et al.’s hierarchical remote preparation scheme of an arbitrary [Formula: see text]-qudit state with three agents, we propose one scheme for multiple agents by utilizing the symmetry of cluster states. To save entanglement resource, we then put forward the other improved scheme. There exists a hierarchy among the agents in terms of their abilities which are quantified by nonconditioned fidelity. The upper-grade agent needs the assistance of all the remaining upper-grade agents and any one of the lower-grade agents to recover the target state, while the lower-grade agent requires all the other agents’ collaboration. It is important to emphasize that the recovery operation is derived by a general expression clearly revealing the relationship with the measurement results.
Secularity the Day after Tomorrow
Authors: Cauchi Mark 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
It is common in accounts of the secularization of Western thought to make reference to the name of Nietzsche. Nietzsche is undeniably a critic of religion, but he is equally a critic of the secular. It is for this reason that I propose thinking about Nietzsche’s philosophy as postsecular. This term is one that has evolved over the last couple decades in response to the so-called “return of the religious” in society, social theory, and philosophy and suggests that secularity and religiosity are not antithetical and therefore that we must move beyond the forms of thinking that would regard them as such. First, I focus on his concepts of will to power, interpretation, perspectivism, and history, and sketch how they are all interrelated and how these ground his interpretation of religion. Based on this view, I show, second, that while religion is, for Nietzsche, a historical perspective, it is also, for him, part of the historical genealogy of secularity. This point leads to my final one on the relationship between secularity and religion in Nietzsche’s thought, where I argue that, on his own terms, Nietzsche’s anti-Christianity is a hyper-Christianity, even while rejecting facets of Christianity.
On the Vertical Structure of Deep-Ocean Subinertial Variability
Authors: Toole John M. , Musgrave Ruth C. , Fine Elizabeth C. , Steinberg Jacob M. , Krishfield Richard A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The vertical structure of subinertial variability is examined using full-depth horizontal velocity and vertical isopycnal displacement observations derived from the Ocean Observatory Initiative (OOI). Vertical profiles on time scales between 100 h and 1 yr or longer are characterized through empirical orthogonal function decomposition and qualitatively compared with theoretical modal predictions for the cases of flat, sloping, and rough bathymetry. OOI observations were obtained from mooring clusters at four deep-ocean sites: Argentine Basin, Southern Ocean, Station Papa, and Irminger Sea. Because no single OOI mooring in these arrays provides temperature, salinity, and horizontal velocity information over the full water column, sensor observations from two or more moorings are combined. Depths greater than ∼150–300 m were sampled by McLane moored profilers; in three of the four cases, two profilers were utilized on the moorings. Because of instrument failures on the deployments examined here, only ∼2 yr of full-ocean-depth observations are available from three of the four sites and some 3+ yr from the other. Results from the OOI “global” sites are contrasted with a parallel analysis of 3.5 yr of observations about the axis of the Gulf Stream where much of the subinertial variability is associated with stream meandering past the moorings. Looking across the observations, no universal vertical structure is found that characterizes the subinertial variability at the five sites examined; regional bathymetry, stratification, baroclinicity, nonlinearity, and the forcing (both local and remote) likely all play a role in shaping the vertical structure of the subinertial variability in individual ocean regions.
Effects of Prognostic Number Concentrations of Snow and Graupel on the Simulated Precipitation over the Korean Peninsula
Authors: Kwon Juhee , Lim Kyo-Sun Sunny , Park Sun-Young , Kim Kwonil , Lee Gyuwon 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A new version of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) double-moment 6-class (WDM6) microphysics scheme was developed based on the existing WDM6 scheme by predicting snow and graupel number concentrations. The new WDM6 scheme was tested for summer rainfall and winter snowfall cases to evaluate the effects of prognostic number concentration of snow and graupel on the simulated precipitation. The number concentration of snow decreases at the upper layers and the one of graupel also decreases at all layers in the new WDM6 scheme compared to the diagnosed ones in the original WDM6 scheme. Rain number concentration is remarkably reduced in the new WDM6 scheme due to the newly added and modified sink processes. Therefore, the new scheme produces a larger size of raindrops with a reduced number concentration than the original scheme, which hinders raindrop evaporation and produces more surface rain. Even though the enhanced surface rainfall in the new scheme deteriorates the bias score, the new scheme improves the statistical skill of the equitable threat score and probability of detection in most cases. These scores all improved for warm-type summer cases in the new scheme. The new scheme also shows more comparable features to the observation for the probability density functions of simulated liquid equivalent precipitation rates by alleviating the overprediction problem of precipitation frequencies belonging to heavy precipitation categories. Therefore, the new scheme improves the precipitation forecast for warm-type summer cases, which occur most frequently during the summer season over the Korean Peninsula.
Fluoroquinolone Use Preceding Visceral Artery Dissection: A Case Series
Authors: Wang Louise Z. , Oehmichen Boris , Pariente Benjamin , Mohamedi Nassim , Cheng Charles , Detriche Grégoire , Galloula Alexandre , Lilo Le Louet Agnès , Messas Emmanuel , Amar Laurence , Goudot Guillaume , Mirault Tristan 
Published: October 2023

Fluoroquinolones (FQ), commonly prescribed antibiotics, may trigger aortic and carotid dissections. We report three successive cases of visceral artery dissection: one patient with celiac trunk dissection and two with dissection of the superior mesenteric artery. These events occurred up to 4 months after 7 to 14 days of FQ treatment (2 cases of ofloxacin, 1 of norfloxacin). There was no other apparent cause of dissection. These dissections were isolated, apart from a minimal aortic dissection separate from the visceral arterial dissection in one case. A case series cannot certify the relationship between dissection and FQ, but it can be hypothesized. The association between fluoroquinolone use and higher occurrence of aneurysm and dissection remains discussed in aortic syndrome. The potential link between FQ and visceral artery dissection is even less described but should be reported in the absence of previous cases in the literature. The pathophysiological theory is the induction of overexpression of some matrix metalloproteinases and a decrease of their inhibitors, provoking a dysregulation in collagen synthesis and degradation of the extracellular matrix.
An Observational Study of the Implementation of the Tobacco-Free Film and Television Policy in India
Authors: Negi Nalin Singh , Gill Vineet Munish , Maharjan Meena , Sinha Praveen , Puri Pallavi , Mallik Vaishakhi , Mullin Sandra , Tullu Fikru , Murukutla Nandita 
Published: October 2023

Background Positive portrayals of tobacco use in entertainment media can normalize and perpetuate use. In 2012, the Government of India implemented the Tobacco-Free Film and Television Rules, a first-of-its-kind comprehensive regulation to restrict tobacco depiction in films and television programs. Two complementary studies were undertaken to assess the implementation of the film rules on television and in movie theaters. Methods In the first part, movie theater observations and exit surveys were conducted from Feb. 3 to March 24, 2015. In total, 308 movie theaters were selected for the observation of films. A total of 3080 exit surveys were conducted to assess moviegoers’ reactions toward the film rule. The second part comprised the systematic observation of 424 prerecorded television programs that aired from Nov. 20 to Dec. 30, 2015. Results Compliance with the Tobacco-Free Film and Television Rules policy was lower on television than in movie theaters. While 66% of television programs with tobacco scenes implemented at least 1 of the 3 elements of the film rule, not a single program executed all required elements correctly. In movie theaters, 99% of films that contained tobacco scenes implemented at least one element of the film rule. However, all elements of the film rules were implemented correctly during 27% of the films observed. Exit surveys showed that among moviegoers who recalled viewing at least one element of the film rule, there was increased concern about tobacco’s harms and intentions to quit. Conclusion Implementation of the film rules was higher in movie theaters than on television, though there were gaps in implementation for both. Despite inconsistent application, audience reactions to the anti-tobacco messages were favorable, with increased concern about tobacco’s harms and intention to quit. Overall, the film rules offer a strong tool for countering tobacco promotion, reaching hundreds of millions with anti-tobacco messaging.