bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Cholesteryl Ester Composition of Human Milk from Preterm and Term Mothers
Authors: Bitman Joel , Wood D. L. , Mehta N. R. , Hamosh P. , Hamosh Margit 
Published: January 2024

SummaryMilk was obtained on postpartum days 2–3 (colostrum) and days 7, 21, 42, and 84 from mothers of 18 very premature (VPT, 26–30 weeks gestational age), 28 premature (PT, 31–36 weeks), and 6 term (T, 37–40 weeks) infants. Lipids were extracted in chloroform‐methanol and analyzed by thin‐layer (TLC) and gas liquid chromatography (GLC). Fatty acid composition of cholesteryl esters was determined by GLC after isolation of cholesteryl esters by preparative TLC and preparation of methyl esters of the constituent fatty acids. As lactation progressed, amounts of total cholesterol and cholesteryl esters declined. Cholesteryl esters decreased from about 5 mg/dl in colostrum to 1 mg/dl in mature milk. The cholesteryl esters of colostrum from mothers of premature infants were different in fatty acid composition from those of term infants. Proportions of medium‐chain saturated fatty acids (12:0, 14:0, 16:0) of preterm colostrum (VPT and PT) were considerably lower than in term colostrum: 23% of total fatty acids versus 35%. Proportions of 18:3, 20:3, and 20:4 of VPT (5.6%) and PT (6.2%) colostrum were considerably higher than T colostrum (1.8%). The fatty acid composition of cholesteryl esters of VPT, PT, and T milk was relatively similar at all subsequent lactation periods. Fatty acids esterified with cholesterol in weight percents were as follows: 10:0, 0.7; 12:0, 2.6; 14:0, 2.3; 16:0, 11.4; 16:1, 5.0; 18:0, 8.8; 18:1, 32.9; 18:2, 30.6; 18:3, 1.7; 20:3, 0.9; and 20:4, 1.8. Unsaturated fatty acids contributed 73 wt % of fatty acids in cholesteryl esters, which is considerably higher than in milk triglycerides. The greatest difference occurred in 18:2 content, which was 30.6% in cholesteryl esters and only 13.0% of total fatty acids in milk. Results suggest that unsaturated fatty acids are associated preferentially with the cholesteryl ester fraction and that the fatty acid composition of cholesteryl esters differs from the composition of total milk lipid.
Effect of Cholecystokinin‐Octapeptide on Total Parenteral Nutrition‐Induced Changes in Hepatic Bile Secretion and Composition in the Rat
Authors: Innis Sheila M. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryThese studies investigated the ability of twice‐daily administration of cholecystokinin‐octapep‐tide (CCK‐8) to prevent changes in hepatic bile secretory function and bile composition resulting from total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in young, growing rats. Bile was collected from the common duct before and during i.v. infusion of sodium taurocholate following 7 days of TPN. TPN resulted in a reduction of hepatic bile flow, reduced bile molar cholesterol and phospholipid content, and reduction of the taurocholate secretory rate maximum (SRm) and bile salt‐independent bile flow (BSIF). Rats treated with CCK‐8 throughout their TPN retained high bile flows, BSIF, and SRm. CCK‐8 at the dose used did not correct abnormalities in the hepatic bile composition or the magnitude of bile flow generated in response to i.v. taurocholate infusion. These findings suggest that the ability of CCK‐8 to maintain high bile flows during TPN may have prophylactic relevance for prevention of TPN‐induced gallbladder disease. However, these studies also suggest that a component of current TPN systems induces damage to hepatic bile metabolism and excretion that is additional to that due to the reduced stimulation of bile flow that accompanies elimination of oral food intake.
Aneurysmal Bone Cyst of the Femur in a Child with Celiac Disease
Authors: Stenhammar L. , Karlsson G. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryA case of aneurysmal bone cyst of the femur in a 2‐year‐old boy with celiac disease is described. The bone cyst presented with a pathological fracture while the boy was undergoing gluten challenge. The definite diagnosis of celiac disease according to the criteria for mulated by the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition was established. A hypothetical association between the two disorders is discussed.
Epidermal Growth Factor Does Not Act as a Primary Cue for Inducing Developmental Changes in Suckling Mouse Jejunum
Authors: Ménard Daniel , Arsenault Pierre , Gallo‐Payet Nicole 
Published: January 2024

SummaryThe direct influence of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the differentiation and proliferation of small intestine was studied in organ culture. Eight‐day‐old mouse small intestine was cultured during 2 days in serum‐free Leibovitz L‐15 medium alone or supplemented with EGF (50, 100, and 500 ng/ml) either at room temperature or at 37°C. Brush border membrane hydrolytic activities, namely, sucrase, lactase, glucoamylase, trehalase, maltase, and alkaline phosphatase, were assayed in the intestinal tissue as well as in the culture medium. None of the brush border enzymic activities was affected by the addition of EGF to the culture medium. This lack of effect is not temperature dependent since it occurred both at room temperature and at 37°. The addition of hydrocortisone (10–6M) to the culture medium induced the appearance of sucrase activity and increased the activity of the other brush border enzymes. The simultaneous addition of EGF with hydrocortisone did not influence the response of the intestinal explants to hydrocortisone. The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content was determined while DNA synthesis was evaluated by the incorporation of (3H)‐thymidine. The addition of EGF did not affect DNA content or (3H)‐thymidine incorporation into DNA either at room temperature or at 37°. The EGF binding to epithelial cells did not significantly vary throughout the culture period and a down‐regulation process occurred in presence of EGF. These observations strongly suggest that EGF does not act as a primary cue for inducing developmental changes in suckling mouse small intestine. It is proposed that EGF induces a systemic reaction in vivo that then influences the neonatal small intestine.
Immune‐Complex Glomerulonephritis in Crohn's Disease
Authors: Glassman Mark , Kaplan Matthew , Spivak William 
Published: January 2024

SummaryA 13‐year‐old girl presented with a history of fever, arthritis, conjunctivitis, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Colonoscopy and barium enema were consistent with Crohn's disease. A renal biopsy, performed because of persistent proteinuria and hematuria in the absence of obstruction to the urinary tract, revealed diffuse proliferative necrotizing glomerulonephritis; IgG, IgM, and C3 were deposited on the involved glomeruli. Circulating immune complexes were present in her serum. This immune‐complex glomerulonephritis represents a previously unreported extraintestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease.
Adenocarcinoma of Colon in a Child
Authors: Gupta Suresh K. , Caballes Romeo L. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryThe diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the colon in juvenile subjects usually poses a difficult problem due to its clinical presentation, which usually mimics disorders that are commonly found in children. This article presents the case of a 13‐year‐old boy who was admitted 2 weeks earlier to another hospital, where his condition was not recognized. He presented with abdominal signs and symptoms suggestive of diseases such as gastroenteritis, appendicitis, and intussusception which are common in this age group. The x‐ray film showed dilated loops of small bowel and the proximal portion of colon, suggesting intestinal obstruction. At surgery, a 4 × 4 cm tumor in the transverse colon was resected. Microscopically, the lesion showed moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma with foci of mucin production.
Trimebutine‐Induced Phase III‐Like Activity in Infants with Intestinal Motility Disorders
Authors: Boige N. , Cargill G. , Mashako L. , Cezard J. P. , Navarro J. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryDuodenal manometric recordings were performed in five male children (mean age 11.7 ± 6.8 months) suffering from severe digestive pathology with clinical findings of dysmotility; they required total parenteral nutrition: one case of enteropathy following intestinal resection for congenital small bowel atresia, and four cases of intestinal pseudoobstruction. The basal 3‐h fasting recordings showed complete disorganization of interdigestive activity characterized by an absence of migrating motor complexes and a marked basal hypomotility with motor indices lower than in control subjects. Intravenous trimebutine (3 mg/kg) produced a phase III‐like activity 88 ± 121 s after administration in four cases. The activity lasted 236 ± 105 s and had a mean frequency of 11.75 ± 0.86 waves/min. It was propagated aborally in the two patients having two duodenal recording sites. Trimebutine‐induced phase III activity was followed by signs of peristalsis in two patients.
Arginine‐Induced Insulin and Growth Hormone Secretion in Children with Nutritional Rickets
Authors: Soliman Ashraf T. , Aref Mohamed K. , Rogol Alan D. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryWe evaluated arginine‐induced insulin and growth hormone (GH) secretion in ten children with vitamin D deficiency rickets and compared these values with those of eight age‐matched control children. All ra‐chitic children had biochemical (increased serum alkaline phosphatase activity and decreased calcium ± phosphate product) and clinical evidence for rickets. After an intravenous infusion of arginine‐HCl (10% solution, 0.5 g/kg), blood samples were obtained for the measurement of serum insulin and GH concentrations. The mean insulin level 30 min after the start of the infusion was 22.2 ± 17.1 μU/ml for the rachitic children. This value is significantly below that for the normal children, 63.4 ± 38.7 μU/ml (p = 0.004). Neither the fasting insulin level nor any others after the arginine infusion differed significantly from those for the control children. There were no significant differences in the fasting or the arginine‐stimulated GH levels between the rachitic and control children. The concentrations of insulin‐like growth factors did not differ between the two groups.
Small Intestinal Permeability in Pediatric Clinical Practice
Authors: Hamilton I. , Hill A. , Bose B. , Bouchier I. A. D. , Forsyth J. S. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryPassive permeability of small intestine to lactulose and mannitol was studied in children suspected of having intestinal disease, using a hypertonic differential sugar absorption test. Children with coeliac disease and cows' milk intolerance were shown to have an elevated urinary lactulose/mannitol recovery ratio when compared with controls, children with normal jejunal biopsy, or children in whom alternative explanations for failure to thrive had been demonstrated. The abnormality in permeability ratio principally reflects a reduced urinary recovery of mannitol following oral administration. This study demonstrates that a hypertonic sugar absorption test is well tolerated even by young children, is practicable in routine clinical pediatric practice, and is capable of demonstrating abnormal intestinal function in children with small intestinal disease.
Iron Deficiency in Children with Celiac Disease
Authors: Bonamico Margherita , Vania Andrea , Monti Stefano , Ballati Guiduccio , Mariani Paolo , Pitzalis Giorgio , Benedetti Clorinda , Falconieri Paola , Signoretti Armando 
Published: January 2024

SummaryTo evaluate the incidence of either evident anemia or a subclinical status of iron deficiency in celiac disease (CD), we studied 80 celiac children aged 6 months to 18 years. They were subdivided into various groups according to morphology of gut mucosa and diet. Only eight of 47 celiac children had an evident anemia at the time of the first peroral bowel biopsy. In addition, 51% of the patients with atrophic mucosa and 56% of the children on a gluten‐containing diet had serum iron levels <50 μg/dl; 35% of patients of both groups had serum ferritin levels <12 μg/L. On the contrary, only a small number of children with normal mucosa on a gluten‐free diet showed a laboratory, subclinical picture of iron deficiency. The results of our study can therefore be summarized in three major items: (a) Low levels of both serum iron and ferritin can frequently be found during active CD. (b) Regular determination of serum iron levels appears to be useful in controlling the state of iron stores in such patients, as well as in deciding whether and when to recommend temporary iron supplementation, (c) Serum ferritin tests did not offer more information than the easier and cheaper serum iron determinations.
Gastrin 17 and Gastrin 34, Before and After a Meal, in Newborn Infants
Authors: Gemelli M. , Mami C. , Manganaro R. , Artemisia A. , Nibali S. Conti , Magazzù G. , Lombardo G. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryIn 89 healthy full‐term newborn infants, we studied the different contribution of gastrin 17 (G17) and gastrin 34 (G34) to neonatal hypergastrinemia and the G17 and G34 response to a meal in the first days of life. Serum concentrations of G17 and G34 were measured by radioimmunoassay specific for the NH2‐terminus of G17 and G34 in 23 newborn infants in the cord blood and in 66 newborn infants before or 20 min after bottle‐feeding. Basal serum G17 and G34 values were also obtained in 38 healthy fasting adults. Mean (±SEM) G17 levels in the cord blood were not different from those of the adult controls (29.28 ± 4.16 versus 31.00 ± 2.62 pg/ml) and increased significantly either at 12 h (48.06 ± 7.32 pg/ml, p < 0.025) or on the 4th day of life (80.56 ± 9.99 pg/ml, p < 0.01). Serum G34 levels in the cord blood were significantly higher than in adult controls (163.22 ± 11.19 versus 126.68 ± 5.57 pg/ml, p < 0.005) and increased at 12 h of life (225.22 ± 25.95 pg/ml, p < 0.02), but no increase was found on the 4th day of life (204.87 ± 18.08 pg/ml). Neither postprandial G17 nor G34 increases were found on the 1st or on the 4th day of postnatal life. The study supports the following conclusions: (a) neonatal hypergastrinemia is mainly due to G34 fraction; (b) the increased levels of gastrin on the 4th day of life are due to G17 fraction; (c) bottle‐feeding does not stimulate either G17 or G34 release in the first 4 days of life.
Juvenile Polyps and Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Gryboski Joyce D. , Barwick Kenneth W. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryFour children with ulcerative colitis, three of whom were in clinical remission of their disease, experienced rectal bleeding due to solitary juvenile polyps. Only one of the four polyps was detected radiologically. Two children passed their polyps spontaneously, one was identified at colonoscopy, and the fourth caused colocolic
Long‐Term Effects of Early Kwashiorkor Compared with Marasmus. III. Fine Motor Skills
Authors: Galler Janina R. , Ramsey Frank C. , Salt Patricia , Archer Esther 
Published: January 2024

SummaryChildren with histories of marasmus (n ‐ 53) or kwashiorkor (n ‐ 50) in the first year of life and healthy comparison children (n ‐ 50) were tested for fine motor skills by the Purdue pegboard test at ages 11–18 years. The performance of children with histories of marasmus was impaired on two of the four test measures. However, the performance of children with a history of kwashiorkor was impaired on three measures. The presence of soft neurologic signs measured 6 years earlier in the same children was significantly correlated with current pegboard performance, implying that early malnutrition has effects on nervous system function that arc evident at least through IX years of age.
Amino Acid Abnormalities in Infants with Extrahepatic Biliary Atresia and Cirrhosis
Authors: Weisdorf Sally A. , Freese Deborah K. , Fath John J. , Tsai Michael Y. , Cerra Frank B. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryWe measured fasting plasma amino acids in 26 children aged 6 months to 5 years with extrahepatic biliary atresia and cirrhosis and compared them with lasting values in 95 normal control children aged 4 months to 12 years. We found that the cirrhotic children had elevations of total free plasma amino acids implying reduced hepatic metabolism of amino acids and that the molar ratio of the branched chain amino acids (isolencine, leucine, and valine) to the aromatic ammo acids (phenylalanine and lyrosine) was significantly depressed. Methionine was also markedly elevated, and taurine concentrations were significantly decreased. Manipulation of the amino acid distribution in dietary protein to normalize plasma amino acids prior to orthotopic hepatic transplantation may be helpful in improving amino acid utilization.
Disorders of Upper Esophageal Sphincter Motility in Children
Authors: Staiano Annamaria , Cucchiara Salvatore , De Vizia Basilio , Andreotti Maria Rosaria , Auricchio Salvatore 
Published: January 2024

SummaryDysfunction of the upper esophageal sphincter was found in five out of 44 children with gastroesophageal reflux. Three of the five children had mental retardation associated with Silver Russell syndrome. 5p syndrome, or minimal change myopathy. The five patients had swallowing disorders. vomiting and failure to thrive: four also had pulmonary aspiration. Esophageal manometry showed incomplete upper esophageal sphincter relavation in two patients, upper esophageal sphincter relaxation incoordinated with pharngeal contractions in two other patients, and both incomplete and incoordinated upper esophageal sphincter relaxation in the last patient. Intensive and successful treatment of gastroesophageal reflux did not improve swallowing or symptoms of pulmonary aspiration in lour children. The fifth patient underwent ericopharyngeal myotomy, with complete resolution of respirators and swallowing symptoms. It is suggested that a dysfunction of the upper esophageal sphincter, either primary or secondary to neuromuscular disorders, may play a role in the swallowing disorders and respiratory symptoms of pediatric patients.
Gastric Intrinsic Factor Hypersecretion Stimulated by Pentagastrin in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Naimi D. , Guéant J. L. , Hambaba L. , Vidailhet M. , Monin B. , Nicolas J. P. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryThe gastric pentagastrin‐stimulated secretions of acid (peak acid output) and of unsaturated intrinsic factor in eight cystic fibrosis patients (1.4 ‐ 0.5 mEq kg h and 0.27 ‐ 0.12 mmol kg h. respectively) were significantly enhanced (p 0.05) when compared with six normal controls (0.27 ‐ 0.16 mEq kg h and 0.10 ‐ 0.02 nmol kg h respectively). Despite the gastric hypersecretion of intrinsic factor, no significant physicochemical modification of this glycoprotein was observed in cystic fibrosis when using gel filtration and isoelectrofocusing. Haptocorrin (a cobalamin glycoproteic binder that does not promote the assimilation of cobalamin) also increased in gastric juice alter stimulation. Since the sequestration of cobalamin to haptocorrin is pH dependent, the gastric acid hypersecretion observed in cystic fibrosis may explain that the malabsorption of crystalline cobalamin is much more frequent in cystic fibrosis than in chronic pancreatitis.
Effect of pH on Fecal Recovery of Energy Derived from Volatile Fatty Acids
Authors: Kien C. Lawrence , Liechty Edward A. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryWe assessed the effect of pH on volatilization of short‐chain fatty acids during lyophilization. Acetic, propionic, valeric, and butyric acids were added to a fecal homogenate in amounts sufficient to raise the energy density by 18–27%. Fecal homogenate samples were either acidified (pH 2.8–3.2). alkalinized (pH 7.9–8.7), or left unchanged (4.0–4.8) prior to lyophilization and subsequent bomb calorimetry. Alkalinizing the fecal samples prevented the 20% loss of energy derived from each of these volatile fatty acids observed in samples either acidified or without pH adjustment. These data suggest that in energy balance studies involving subjects with active colonic fermentation, fecal samples should be alkalinized prior to lyophilization and bomb calorimetry.
Effect of Total Parenteral Nutrition, Constant Rate Enteral Nutrition, and Discontinuous Oral Feeding on Plasma Cholecystokinin Immunoreactivity in Children
Authors: Léonard Mashako Mamba Nyenya , Bernard Christine , Cezard Jean Pierre , Chayvialle Jean Alain , Navarro Jean 
Published: January 2024

SummaryPlasma cholecystokinin (CCK) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in 100 children (mean age: 20 months) on various types of artificial nutrition. Of the 81 children men total parenteral nutrition (TPN). 32 were studied while on cyclic TPN (cTPN). 66 while on partial fractioned feeding completed by parenteral nutrition. 25 while on constant rate enteral nutrition, and 18 while on total discontinuous oral feeding. The remaining 19 control cases were on normal alimentation. Plasma CCK levels during TPN (21.4 ± 1.6 pg ml), cTPN (21.8 ± 2.7 pg ml), and constant rate enteral nutrition (26.4 ± 2.8 pg ml) were not significant different from each other and were similar to preprandial total discontinuous feeding (21 ± 2 pgml) and control (22.6 ± 3.5 pg ml) levels. The postprandial CCK level increased significantly in partial fractioned feeding (33.6 ± 3.3 pg ml. p 0.02) but remained half that of postprandial total discontinuous oral feeding (75.6 ± 6.6 pg ml. p 0.001) and postprandial controls (75 ± 7 pg ml. p 0.001). Thus, basal and stimulated CCK levels are similar in children and adults, and the use of long‐term artificial nutritional techniques does not modify the feeding stimulation of CCK. Plasma CCK levels during TPN and constant rate enteral nutrition are similar to fasting values, indicating a possible role for CCK in the biliary sludge.
Comparison of Bilirubin Production in Japanese and Caucasian Infants
Authors: Fischer Allen F. , Nakamura Hajime , Uetani Yoshiyuki , Vreman Hendrik J. , Stevenson David K. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryBilirubin production, as indexed by serum carboxyhemoglobin (HbCOc), was studied in a group of normal term Japanese infants and Caucasian controls during the second to third day of life. Stringent entry criteria were employed in order to eliminate infants with hemolysis or other known causes of increased bilirubin production. The mean HbCOc of the Japanese infants (0.69 ± 0.15% sat) was significantly higher than that of the Caucasian infants (0.58 ± 0.17% sat). The serum total bilirubin was also significantly higher in Japanese infants (11.1 ± 3.0 mg/dl versus 8.0 ± 2.2 mg/dl). This difference may be attributable to environmental and/or genetic factors.