bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and histologic evaluation of the prolapsed third eyelid gland in dogs
Authors: Dugan Steven J. , Severin Glenn A. , Hungerford Laura L. , Whiteley Herbert E. , Roberts Steven M. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Eighteen prolapses of the gland of the third eyelid in 17 Beagles were randomly allocated to 3 groups, which included nontreated (group 1, n = 6), excised (group 2, n = 4), and surgically repositioned (group 3, n = 8) glands. A Schirmer tear test (STT) was performed on affected and normal (control) eyes for 5 consecutive days on weeks 0 (baseline), 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 18, 20, and 24. All prolapsed third eyelid glands were excised and examined histologically.
Ten female and 7 male Beagles were used in the prospective study. Mean age at prolapse was 35.1 weeks (range, 6 to 89 weeks). Control STT data revealed a population mean of 22.2 ± 2.1 mm/min. Complications developed in 4 of 6 eyes when the gland was allowed to remain in a prolapsed position. Complications for group-1 eyes were significantly (P < 0.005) greater than those for eyes in groups 2 and 3 (0 of 12). Comparison of affected and control eye baseline data revealed decreased STT values for eyes with prolapsed glands (P < 0.01). Mean differences between affected and control eyes were 2.2, 2.0, and 3.4 mm/min for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. A significant (P < 0.001) decrease in lacrimation (0.2 to 3.1 mm/min) in group-2 eyes was detected after removal of the gland. Tear production for affected eyes of nontreated dogs fluctuated above and below that of control eyes prior to excision of the prolapsed gland of the third eyelid; however, with time, affected and control eye STT values were not significantly different. Despite an increase in lacrimation after treatment of group-3 eyes, comparison of affected and control eye STT values revealed a persistent decrease in lacrimation (0 to 2.2 mm/min); however, reduction of lacrimation after surgical repositioning was less than that which resulted if the prolapsed gland of the third eyelid was excised (P < 0.02). Histologic changes in the gland of the third eyelid were mild, and significant differences were not detected among the 3 groups.
Epizootic of rabies in raccoons in Maryland from 1981 to 1987
Authors: Fischman Harvey R. , Grigor Jack K. , Horman Joseph T. , Israel Ebenezer 
Published: December 2023

Summary
The epizootic of rabies in raccoons entered Maryland in 1981 and systematically moved through the state affecting raccoons in all counties except those of the lower Eastern Shore. A precoded surveillance form was provided to all county and city health departments and data were requested for each animal head submitted for testing for the year 1985. The disease persisted and, in 1987, all counties previously reporting rabies in raccoons also had documented cases in other species. The incidence of rabies in raccoons increased in late winter and peaked in March. Most human exposures occurred during daylight hours and in private yards. Agricultural areas were similarly affected by rabid animals. Analysis of vaccination status of animals exposed to rabid animals gave estimations of statewide vaccination rates for dogs (70%) and cats (28%). The danger of rabies in cats was emphasized by the large number of animals exposed by each rabid cat. The spillover of rabies in raccoons to other species persisted in all jurisdiction through 1992, with periodic upsurges of disease at 3- to 4-year intervals as the raccoon population is replenished. Rabies was not diagnosed in any human beings.
Intratumoral chemotherapy with cisplatin in oily emulsion in horses
Authors: Théon Alain P. , Pascoe John R. , Carlson Gary P. , Krag David N. 
Published: December 2023

Summary:
Twenty horses with 30 lesions were studied to evaluate the effects of intratumoral chemotherapy with cisplatin in sesame oil on equine sarcoids (n = 19), squamous cell carcinomas (n = 7), and squamous cell papillomas (n = 4). Treatment consisted of 4 sessions of intratumoral cisplatin chemotherapy at 2-week intervals. A controlled-release formulation of cisplatin in sesame oil was used to limit drug egress from the injection site. Mean dosage per session was 0.97 (±0.17, sem) mg of cisplatin/cm3 of tumor tissue treated for tumor volumes ranging from 10 to 20 cm3. Dosage tended to be slightly higher for smaller tumors and slightly lower for larger tumors. Tumor regression was observed in all horses. Complete response was observed in 18 of the sarcoids, 5 of the squamous cell carcinomas, and 4 of the squamous cell papillomas. The mean relapse-free interval was 21.6 and 14 months in horses with sarcoid and carcinoma/papilloma, respectively. The 1-year relapse-free rates were 87 and 65% for equine sarcoid and carcinoma/papilloma, respectively. In horses with relapse, 70% had tumor recurrence outside the treated field. Cisplatin-related local toxicosis was minimal. Intratumoral cisplatin chemotherapy was found to be a practical and effective treatment of sarcoid and squamous cell carcinoma/papilloma in horses.
Use of isotretinoin and etretinate for the treatment of benign cutaneous neoplasia and cutaneous lymphoma in dogs
Authors: White Stephen D. , Rosychuk Rod A. W. , Scott Kathryn V. , Trettien Amy L. , Jonas Lenny , Denerolle Philippe 
Published: December 2023

Summary:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the synthetic retinoids isotretinoin and etretinate to treat dogs with intracutaneous cornifying epitheliomas (ice), other benign skin neoplasias, and cutaneous lymphoma. Twenty-four dogs were used. All tumors were diagnosed by histologic examination. Ten dogs with multiple (at least 5) benign skin tumors (7 with ice, 1 each with inverted papillomas, sebaceous adenomas and epidermal cysts) were treated with isotretinoin (n = 7) and/or etretinate (n = 5). Twelve dogs with cutaneous lymphoma were treated with isotretinoin, and 2 dogs with cutaneous lymphoma were initially treated with etretinate. Successful treatment with isotretinoin was achieved in 1 dog with ice, 1 with inverted papillomas, and 1 with epidermal cysts. Partial improvement with isotretinoin was seen in 2 dogs with ice. Successful treatment was achieved with etretinate in 4 dogs with ice (Norwegian Elkhound was the predominant breed with ice). Remission was achieved in 6 of the 14 dogs with cutaneous lymphoma. Adverse effects developed in 7 of the 24 dogs, so treatment was stopped in 2 dogs.
Antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella spp isolated from healthy broiler chickens after slaughter
Authors: Lee Lisa A. , Threatt Velda L. , Puhr Nancy D. , Levine Priscilla , Ferris Kathy , Tauxe Robert V. 
Published: December 2023

Summary:
Of 105 Salmonella organisms of any serotype selected from a sample of 1,824 serotyped salmonellae isolated during a nationwide bacteriologic survey of healthy broiler chickens after slaughter, 60 (57%) were resistant to 1 or more antimicrobial agents and 47 (45%) were resistant to 2 or more agents. Highest resistance was to tetracycline (45%), streptomycin (41%), sulfisoxazole (19%), gentamicin (10%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (8%). Additional isolates of S typhimurium, heidelberg, agona, and enteritidis were selected from the sample of 1,824 isolates for testing because of the high frequency with which these 4 serotypes are isolated from human patients. The highest frequency of resistance among 104 isolates of S heidelberg, 92 isolates of S typhimurium, and 30 isolates of S agona was to streptomycin (33 to 57%), sulfisoxazole (33 to 50%), tetracycline (26 to 50%), and gentamicin (13 to 40%); 51 to 63% of these isolates were resistant to 1 or more agents and 37 to 59% were resistant to 2 or more agents. Resistance to ampicillin among these 3 serotypes was uncommon (0 to 4%). In contrast, 15 of 19 tested isolates (79%) of S enteritidis were resistant to ampicillin and 13 of the 19 isolates (68%) were resistant only to ampicillin. This pattern of resistance was associated with a specific bacteriophage type and indicated the potential role of bacterial clones in determining the frequency and patterns of antimicrobial resistance in populations of broiler chickens. Resistance to gentamicin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was higher than that previously reported and is of public health concern because of the frequency with which these drugs are used to treat bacterial infections in human patients.
Genetic study of hyperkalemic periodic paralysis in horses
Authors: Spier Sharon J. , Carlson Gary P. , Harrold Doris , Bowling Ann , Byrns Glen , Bernoco Domenico 
Published: December 2023

Summary:
Four Quarter Horses (1 stallion, 3 mares) with hyperkalemic periodic paralysis were mated to unaffected horses to determine the genetic basis of the disease. The affected stallion was bred to 11 unaffected mares (4 Quarter Horses, 1 Arabian, 2 Standardbreds, and 4 Thoroughbreds). The 3 affected mares were bred to an unaffected Quarter Horse stallion.
Of the 15 offspring obtained from these matings, 9 were affected with hyperkalemic periodic paralysis, and 6 were unaffected, consistent with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. Diagnosis was established by results of oral administration of potassium chloride and demonstration of characteristic clinical signs accompanied by hyperkalemia. Oral administration of potassium chloride resulted in marked increases in plasma potassium concentrations in affected and unaffected foals, although hyperkalemia was associated with clinical signs of hyperkalemic periodic paralysis in the affected foals. Evaluation of blood samples from affected and unaffected offspring revealed no linkage with erythrocyte and serum markers at 24 loci.
Photodynamic therapy for nasal and aural squamous cell carcinoma in cats
Authors: Peaston Anne E. , Leach Michael W. , Higgins Robert J. 
Published: December 2023

Summary:
Eighteen random-bred cats with a total of 19 nasal or aural squamous cell carcinomas were treated with photodynamic therapy, using aluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfhonate as the photosensitizer. Cats were irradiated at power densities of 100 mW/cm2 and energy densities of 100 J/cm2. Successful outcome was obtained in 10 tumors after 1 treatment, and 2 more tumors had complete responses after 1 or 2 additional treatments. Treatments were more effective in tumors of stage T2 or earlier. Five tumors had partial responses, and the response of 2 tumors could not be evaluated. The treatment was safe and well tolerated by most cats, although we found that cats should be kept out of sunlight for 2 weeks after treatment.
Prescription and use of analgesics in dogs and cats in a veterinary teaching hospital: 258 cases (1983-1989)
Authors: Hansen Bernie , Hardie Elizabeth 
Published: December 2023

Summary:
The frequency of prescribing analgesics and administering them for the treatment of apparent postoperative pain in 243 dogs and 15 cats was evaluated. Surgeries performed on the animals evaluated included limb amputations, limb-sparing bone cancer resection, thoracotomy, cervical vertebral instability repair, and humeral fracture repair. Only 1 cat was treated once with an analgesic after surgery, and cats were not evaluated statistically. Dogs undergoing amputation, limb salvage procedure, or thoracotomy were more likely to be treated than dogs undergoing the other surgeries. Ninety-six (40%) of the 243 dogs were under the influence of an analgesic at any time during their postoperative hospital stay, and 69 dogs (28%) received 1 or more doses of an analgesic after recovery from general anesthesia. One hundred thirty-three dogs were cared for in the intensive care unit (icu) immediately after surgery. Written instructions for treatment with an analgesic were given for 61 of those dogs, and 50 were given at least 1 dose of the prescribed analgesic. Dogs cared for in the icu were twice as likely to be given an analgesic as dogs cared for in the surgery ward. The estimated duration of analgesic effect exceeded 8 hours in 46 (19%) of 243 dogs. Small and juvenile dogs were least likely to be treated. Interns and residents were twice as likely as faculty to administer analgesics. Most written interpretations of pain behavior observed in the icu were made on the basis of vocalizations. Half of the dogs for which medical record comments suggested moderate to severe pain were not given an analgesic. The most frequently administered analgesic immediately following surgery was oxymorphone, followed by butorphanol and morphine. Aspirin was never administered to dogs in the icu, but was used in 10 dogs that were in the surgery ward for > 74 hours.
Lumbosacral transitional vertebrae as a predisposing cause of cauda equina syndrome in German Shepherd Dogs: 161 cases (1987-1990)
Authors: Morgan Joe P. , Bahr Anne , Franti C. E. , Bailey C. S. 
Published: December 2023

Summary:
The records of 161 German Shepherd Dogs were divided into groups depending on whether there was a radiographic diagnosis of degenerative disk disease (ddd) involving the lumbosacral disk and lumbosacral transitional vertebral segments (tvs) and whether the dogs had cauda equina syndrome (ces). Statistical analysis of the data suggested an association between tvs and ces and an association between ddd and ces. Establishment of confidence intervals revealed the group without either ddd or tvs indicators differed markedly from the other 3 groups of ces relative to the presence of ddd and tvs. There was some overlap in the confidence intervals, but the proportions of ces were higher when ddd and tvs were both evident. This suggests that the important clinical syndrome of ces is at least partially dependent on tvs, which is probably an inherited condition. Because German Shepherd Dogs have a higher frequency of tvs than dogs of other breeds, this partially explains the higher frequency of ces in this breed. Because tvs are probably familial, we suggest the presence of this lesion should be considered in selection of breeding stock. Although it is believed that ddd is partially dependent on the existence of tvs, it is known that ddd can develop in the absence of tvs.
Proventriculotomy in ostriches: 18 cases (1990-1992)
Authors: Honnas Clifford M. , Blue-McLendon Alice , Zamos David T. , Parson Ernest , Jensen James 
Published: December 2023

Summary:
Over a 3-year period, proventriculotomy was performed on 18 ostriches to relieve impaction of the proventriculus. Diagnosis was confirmed by abdominal palpation, abdominal radiography, and in some cases, exploratory proventriculotomy. In addition to proventriculotomy, an esophagotomy was performed in 5 birds that were debilitated to allow forcefeeding during the postoperative period. The median age of ostriches treated surgically for proventricular impaction was 7.5 months (range, 3 months to 18 years).
Impactions consisted of sand, rocks, or gravel in combination with grass, leaves, wood, or other fibrous materials. In 7 birds, small pieces of wire or nails were also removed from the proventriculus. In 1 bird, a large metal punch was removed via the proventriculotomy.
Six ostriches died at the hospital in the immediate postoperative period. Four of these died within 24 hours of surgery. All 4 birds were emaciated and in a severely weakened condition at admission, and they continued to deteriorate after surgery. One bird died 8 days after surgery as a result of complications associated with a septic joint unrelated to the proventriculotomy procedure. Another bird was euthanatized 6 days after surgery because its condition failed to improve and the owners did not want to pursue further treatment because of expense. Follow-up information was obtained for 12 surviving ostriches 1 week to 29 months (median, 5.5 months) after they were discharged from the hospital. Four of the 12 birds died within 30 days of discharge from the hospital. The remaining 8 birds (44%) were alive at follow-up evaluation (median, 10.5 months after surgery; range, 5 to 29 months). In the birds that survived long-term, complications associated with the proventriculotomy or esophagotomy were not observed.
Diagnosis of food allergy in dogs
Authors: Rosser Edmund J. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
The diagnosis of food allergy was confirmed in 51 dogs while the responsiveness to a 60-day home-cooked restricted dietary trial (elimination-diet trial) was evaluated. The primary clinical sign of allergy detected and evaluated in all dogs was persistent and nonseasonally pruritic skin disease. The duration of time between starting the elimination-diet trial and remission of clinical signs was recorded. Dogs were then reexposed to diets that had been fed before testing, and the duration of time before pruritus recurred was recorded. The elapsed time during which dogs were being fed an elimination diet before remission of clinical signs was 1 to 3 weeks in 13 dogs, 4 to 6 weeks in 25 dogs, 7 to 8 weeks in 10 dogs, and 9 to 10 weeks in 3 dogs. Findings indicated that the recommendation of a 3-week elimination-diet trial for diagnosis of food allergy was adequate for only 25% of the dogs. It is recommended that test diets be fed for at least 10 weeks before a food allergy is ruled out.
Fetal loss associated with palpation per rectum to diagnose pregnancy in cows
Authors: Thurmond Mark C. , Picanso John P. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
A prospective observational study was performed to determine whether palpation per rectum of cows in the first 6 weeks of gestation to diagnose pregnancy contributed to fetal attrition. Pregnancy diagnoses were made by private practitioners as part of their routine herd-health service on 9 dairies in the San Joaquin Valley of California. To determine whether there was an association between abortion and fetal age at time of palpation, the probability of abortion was tested as a function of fetal age at palpation, controlling for possible modifying and confounding effects of herd, age at conception, gravidity, parity, and number of days-in-lactation at conception. Results of logistic regression analyses for 19,411 pregnancies followed for up to 90 days after palpation indicated that, during the 28- to 42-day period, palpation of fetuses earlier in the period was associated with a significantly (P < 0.0001) low probability of abortion, compared with that for palpation later in the period. An association between abortion and palpation of fetuses > 42 days of age was not found. Results were suggestive that, given conditions and techniques typical of private practice, fetal death may not be a usual manifestation of early palpation of cows to diagnose pregnancy, rather, that there may be a slight increase in risk of fetal death as the fetal age at palpation increases from 28 to 42 days.
Successful treatment of retained placenta with umbilical cord injections of collagenase in cows
Authors: Filer Hugo , Hopkins Fred M. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Fetal membranes usually are released from the uterus between 2 and 6 postpartum hours. However, in a substantial percentage of cows (11%), fetal membranes are retained for several days. In part, failure of collagen breakdown seems to be related to retention of fetal membranes. Injections of 200,000 U of bacterial collagenase in 1,000 ml of physiologic saline solution via umbilical arteries (1 or 2) between 24 and 72 hours of retention caused release of retained fetal membranes in 23 of 27 cows (85%) with noninduced retained fetal membranes and in 10 of 14 cows (71%) with experimentally induced retained fetal membranes, within 36 hours after injection. Controls (n = 36) did not release retained fetal membranes within this time. Injections of collagenase via a jugular vein (2.2 × 106 U in 1,000 ml of physiologic saline solution), administered over a 30-minute period, caused release of retained fetal membranes within 36 hours in 3 of 6 cows with experimentally induced retained fetal membranes. Clinical complications did not follow treatments with collagenase.
Umbilical injections of bacterial collagenase were highly effective in the treatment of retained fetal membranes in cows. The procedure is simple, safe, affordable, and can be completed in 25 minutes.
Use of orbital implants after enucleation in dogs, horses, and cats: 161 cases (1980–1990)
Authors: Hamor Ralph E. , Roberts Steven M. , Severin Glenn A. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Eye enucleations performed on 109 dogs, 29 horses, and 23 cats involved placement, of 136 silicone orbital implants and 7 mesh implants. Mean follow-up times were 2.4 years (range, 3 weeks to 9 years) in dogs, 3.4 years (range, 10 days to 10.5 years) in horses, and 1.5 years (range, 3 weeks to 7.5 years) in cats. Implants failed in 1 of 96 dogs (1.04%), 3 of 29 horses (10.3%), and 3 of 18 cats (16.7%). Implant failure was attributable to various causes in all species; however, cats appeared to be more prone to late extrusion than were dogs and horses. Implantation of an orbital prosthesis was a safe and inexpensive method for improving cosmetic appearance after enucleation in dogs, horses, and cats.
Epidemiology of cranial cruciate ligament rupture in dogs
Authors: Whitehair Jon G. , Vasseur Philip B. , Willits Neil H. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Data from 10,769 dogs with rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament (ccl) were compared with data from a control population of 591,548 dogs to determine whether age, breed, gender, or body weight was associated with prevalence of ccl rupture. Prevalence of ccl rupture increased as dogs became older, with peak prevalence in dogs 7 to 10 years old. Among breeds represented by > 1,000 individuals, Rottweilers, Newfoundlands, and Staffordshire Terriers had the highest prevalence of ccl rupture, whereas Dachshunds, Basset Hounds, and Old English Sheepdogs had the lowest. Neutered dogs, whether male or female, had a higher prevalence of ccl rupture than did sexually intact dogs. The dog's age at the time of ovariohysterectomy was not associated with prevalence of ccl rupture. Dogs weighing > 22 kg had a higher prevalence of ccl rupture, compared with dogs weighing < 22 kg, and tended to rupture their ccl at a younger age.
Cytologic analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from 47 dogs with multicentric malignant lymphoma
Authors: Hawkins Eleanor C. , Morrison Wallace B. , DeNicola Dennis B. , Blevins William E. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) was performed in 47 dogs with multicentric malignant lymphoma (ml). Cytologic results were evaluated, and ability to detect pulmonary involvement with ml, using bal, was compared with ability to detect pulmonary involvement, using thoracic radiography and tracheal wash. Lung lobes were considered to be involved with ml on the basis of bal fluid findings if morphologically abnormal lymphocytes were present in the fluid.
Total nucleated cell count, relative lymphocyte count, and absolute lymphocyte count were greater (P < 0.001) in bal fluid from dogs with multicentric ml than in bal fluid from histologically normal dogs. Pulmonary involvement with ml was detected by bal fluid cytologic examination in 89 of 135 lung lobes lavaged (66%). Lung lobes involved with ml were from 31 of the 47 dogs with multicentric ml (66%). Radiographic abnormalities supportive of pulmonary parenchymal involvement with ml were detected in 16 of the 47 dogs (34%). Of these 16 dogs, 15 (94%) had pulmonary involvement with ml on the basis of bal fluid cytologic findings. Tracheal wash fluid contained abnormal lymphocytes in 4 of 42 dogs (10%). In all 4 dogs, bal fluid also contained abnormal lymphocytes. Cytologic evaluation of bal fluid was more sensitive in detecting pulmonary involvement with ml, compared with radiographic evaluation of the lungs or tracheal wash.