bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ayushman Bharat: An Account of Roles and Responsibilities of Stakeholders toward Universal Health Coverage
Authors: Dehury Ranjit Kumar , Samal Janmejaya , Behera Manas Ranjan , Ahmad Imteyaz , Dehury Parthsarathi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Ayushman Bharat Program was started by the Government of India as an ambitious scheme to provide financial protection to families across the country. The program also envisions to upgrade the existing grassroots level health system and converting the existing subhealth centers into health and wellness centers which would cater to a range of services based on the principle of comprehensive primary healthcare. The program is believed to bring in changes in the country however the same is not devoid of criticism owing to several of the reasons built into it. Thus, there are applauses in some parts and by certain sections of the society and there is criticism as well. The program can be made successful with the involvement of several stakeholders with their pertinent contributions and participation. The program is also said to bring in positive changes in the much-awaited universal health coverage arena however there are still some criticism on this. As the program is rightly said as the National Health Protection Mission thus it is expected that the insurance sector can contribute positively by risk pooling among the beneficiaries. The health system, both public and private, are the key pillars in the program as they would render critical health services to the masses who would otherwise access the health services at their doorstep. The nongovernmental organizations and the civil society organizations, being the proximate part of the society, can disseminate the message and bring about positive changes in their concerned communities. The state government has a pivotal role to play on many fronts, be it implementation or financial contribution. The political parties, both in power and in opposition as well, should come in one tune to make the program successful. The health-care providers and the pharmaceutical industry also play an important role as they are directly involved in the service provision. Most importantly the common citizen should also act proactively and be aware of the benefits of such schemes which would ultimately bring about fruition in the program. This opinion paper takes into account the roles and responsibilities of all these stakeholders in implementing such a grand program in the country with a focus on universal health coverage.
Knowledge and Awareness Regarding Nicotine Replacement Therapy among Dental Students: A Questionnaire Study
Authors: Das Dipanjan , Shenoy Nina 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Context:
Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is one of the most effective smoking cessation aids. The ability of dental students to recognize and implement NRT is important for guiding patients toward tobacco cessation.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and awareness among interns and postgraduate students (PGS) from Dental Colleges in Dakshina Kannada toward NRT.

Materials and Methods:
A questionnaire-based survey was conducted, which included 249 interns and PGS from Dental Colleges in Dakshina Kannada. The survey was conducted using an online form (Google Form). A self-administered questionnaire with 19 questions was distributed regarding demographics, general information, and knowledge and awareness about NRT.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Inter-group comparison (two groups) was done using t-test. Comparison of the frequency of categories of variables with groups was done using Chi-square test. P <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results:
A total of 249 responses were received and analyzed. Most of the study population was familiar with the term NRT (89.2%). For most of the questions regarding knowledge and awareness about NRT, there was no statistically significant difference in responses between the interns and postgraduates (P > 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in mean knowledge and awareness score between interns (9.15 ± 5.74) and postgraduates (9.98 ± 5.068) (P > 0.05).

Conclusions:
Although there is an awareness of NRT, there lacks an in-depth knowledge and awareness regarding it.
“Effect of Systemic Lycopene Therapy as an Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing in Smokers with Chronic Periodontitis:” A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Boloor Vinita Ashutosh , Joy Justina David , Kashyap Rajesh Shanker , Hegde Shashikanth 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Aim:
The aim of this study is to assess the salivary total salivary antioxidant capacity in smokers with periodontitis before and after treatment with systemic lycopene.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 30 smokers with chronic periodontitis who were systemically healthy were selected and divided into Group A (control group) and Group B (test group). Both groups were treated with scaling and root planing (SRP), followed by oral administration of lycopene (lycopene 10,000 μg) for Group B participants. SRP was performed using ultrasonic scalers, and oral hygiene instructions were given. From all the patients in Group A and Group B, saliva was collected (biochemical analysis) and the clinical parameters such as gingival index, plaque index (PI), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were assessed at baseline, 2nd week, and 4th week.

Results:
On intergroup comparison, there was a statistically significant decrease in the mean PI, gingival scores, and PPD. A statistically significant CAL gain was seen in the 4th week in the test group compared to the control group. On intergroup comparison of the salivary total salivary antioxidant capacity, the difference between the two groups was highly statistically significant during the 4th week.

Conclusion:
Results show that lycopene as an antioxidant is a promising treatment modality as an adjunct to SRP in smokers with chronic periodontitis.

Clinical Significance:
Lycopene being the most effective biological antioxidizing agent has been found to be effective in periodontitis which is caused due to an imbalance in the equilibrium between reactive oxygen species and antioxidant capacity.
Effect of drinking water fluoride on gingivitis and caries: A study in peat and non-peat land: A comparative cross-sectional study
Authors: Rezki Sri , Sunardi Sunardi , Aripin Dudi , Khayan Khayan , Pawarti Pawarti , Noeriman Aisya Rezki 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Aim:
Humans get fluoride from food and water available in their environment. The source of clean water in peatlands comes from rainwater with a low mineral content, especially fluoride. The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between the fluoride level in drinking water and salivary fluoride levels, as well as their potential impact on dental and oral health conditions.

Materials and Methods:
It is a causal-comparative study with a cross-sectional approach at the Health Polytechnics of Pontianak and Yogyakarta. The population were indigenous people in peat land (Pontianak) and non-peat land (Yogyakarta). The data were pH and mineral content in drinking water, saliva, the number of Streptococcus mutans colonies, dental caries rates, and gingivitis.

Results:
Drinking water fluoride is only significantly correlated with salivary fluoride on non-peat land. If these data are combined, it can be seen that drinking water fluoride is positively correlated (P < 0.05; CI 95%) with pH water, fluoride water, and pH saliva. Increased levels of fluoride in drinking water were negatively correlated with gingivitis, dental caries, and S. mutans.

Conclusion:
Drinking water fluoride is negatively correlated with dental caries and gingivitis in peatland and non-peatland communities, but would be significantly associated with dental caries and gingivitis if both peatland and non-peatland data were analyzed together. This is due to the low content of fluoride in the drinking water of peatland. Therefore, it is necessary to add fluoride gel to the teeth to prevent the development of dental caries.
Comparative evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of NeoPutty MTA and modified NeoPutty MTA: An in vitro study
Authors: Acharya Sonu , Gurunathan Deepa , Sahoo Dipmalla , Singh Bismay , Sahoo Alkananda , Acharya Sheetal 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Aim:
Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a relatively new versatile dental material. MTA has many advantages as well as disadvantages. To reduce most of the drawbacks of MTA, a premixed bioceramic MTA, NeoPutty MTA, was introduced in 2020. In this study, we assessed the antimicrobial activity of the newer MTA, NeoPutty MTA. We modified NeoPutty MTA and compared both against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli.

Materials and Methods:
Using the agar diffusion method, NeoPutty MTA was tested for antibacterial activity against the above-mentioned microorganisms. A base layer of Petri plates was done using Muller–Hinton agar for S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa and brain heart infusion agar for E. faecalis. A total of 32 plates were employed; the plates were divided randomly into four test groups having eight plates each, so microorganisms were tested eight times. Three cavities were made in agar and filled with freshly mixed materials after 24 h. A pour plate seeded the microorganisms. The plates were pre-incubated for 2 h at room temperature and incubated at 37°C for 24 h. An independent observer measured the inhibition zone diameters.

Results:
NeoPutty MTA, when tested alone, did not show much antibacterial activity against E. faecalis, S. aureus, and E. coli but had significant antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa when used at different concentrations. Modified NeoPutty (NeoPutty with antibiotics added individually) showed significant antibacterial activity against these microorganisms, as seen by the zone of inhibition of these bacteria.

Conclusion:
Modified NeoPutty with antibiotics has a better antimicrobial effect than NeoPutty MTA.
Cytotoxicity, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of camellia sinensis and citrus mediated copper oxide nanoparticle—An in vitro study
Authors: Singh Swati , Prasad Arya S , Rajeshkumar Shanmugam 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Aim:
Several applications of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) have been documented in various fields, including healthcare, dentistry, medication delivery, tissue and cancer imaging, biolabeling, and biosensing. Therefore, this study aimed to synthesize CuONPs using the plant extracts of Camellia Sinesis (CS) and citrus limon (CL). The nanoparticles were then evaluated for their cytotoxicity, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities.

Materials and Methods:
CuONPs were prepared using CS and CL through the green synthesis method. The Zone of Inhibition (ZOI) test was used to assess the antibacterial activity against strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, and Candida albicans. The albumin denaturation assay was used to assess the substances’ anti-inflammatory activity. The cytotoxicity was determined by conducting the brine shrimp lethality test. Additionally, the antioxidant nature was tested using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl method.

Results:
CuONPs mediated by CS and CL were successfully synthesized. The nanoparticles demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity against the bacteria being studied, specifically S. aureus. The cytotoxic effect was observed to be the least when the concentrations were below 20 µL. A potent antioxidant effect, characterized by its maximum absorbance at 517 nm, was observed at a concentration of 50 µL. A significant anti-inflammatory effect was noted for all tested concentrations.

Conclusion:
The use of CS- and CL-mediated CuONPs demonstrates a favorable antimicrobial effect with reduced cytotoxicity, as well as improved anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects at higher concentrations.
Comparative study between ketamine-bupivacaine versus bupivacaine with intravenous ketamine infusion in supraclavicular brachial plexus block during upper limb surgeries
Authors: Soliman Fouad I. , Mabood Ahmed M.A. , Mahmoud Ahmed G. , Mohamed Khaled A. 
Published: December 2023

Background
Theb only drawback of using local anesthetics alone for supraclavicular brachial plexus block is that postoperative analgesia lasts for a shorter period. To block brachial plexus quickly and completely, different adjuvants, including opioids, dexmedetomidine, dexamethasone, midazolam, and ketamine, had been used with local anesthetics. Aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of adding ketamine to bupivacaine versus intravenous ketamine infusion with supraclavicular brachial plexus.

Methods
Sixty studied cases planned to undergo unilateral elective upper limb surgeries using ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block were separated into two groups: group 1: 20 ml bupivacaine 0.5% plus ketamine (1 mg/kg) with a maximum dose of 100 mg; (the total volume is 30 ml), with the infusion of 100 ml normal saline at a rate of 100 ml/h and group 2: 20 ml bupivacaine (0.5%) plus 10 ml saline; (the total volume is 30 ml) with the infusion of ketamine 0.15 mg/kg added to 100 ml normal saline at a rate of 100 ml/h, that was stopped 5 min before the end of surgery.

Results
Visual Analog Scale (VAS), heart rate and mean arterial pressure were significantly lower at 12 h postoperatively in group 1. The onset of sensory, motor block, duration of sensory and motor block were significantly lower in group 1 compared with group 2. The time of first rescue analgesia was significantly delayed in group 1 compared with group 2. Total ketorolac requirements were significantly lower in group 1.

Conclusions
Using ketamine bupivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block in upper limb surgeries is effective in improving the onset of brachial plexus block and prolonging the time of brachial plexus block with no hemodynamic changes.
Outpatient management of cervical necrotizing fasciitis: A case report and literature review
Authors: Ibrahim Muaaz Yousif , Alsuliman Dawood Ali , Almunajjim Hamad Faris , Taiwo Abdurrazaq Olanrewaju 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Cervical necrotizing fasciitis (CNF) is a severe and life-threatening head-and-neck surgical and medical emergency characterized by rapid spreading gangrenous soft-tissue infection. Common debilitating conditions such as chronic malnutrition, uncontrolled diabetes, and others have been implicated in its pathophysiology resulting in serious morbidity and fatality. CNF often mandates aggressive medical and surgical management and prolonged hospitalization, followed by demanding reconstructive rehabilitation. We present the case report of a 25-year-old handicapped female who had a necrotic discharging lesion in the upper neck and was diagnosed with CNF managed successfully as an outpatient with aggressive serial debridement, copious irrigation, and intravenous antibiotics. The aims of this report were to describe the challenges of this management approach vis-a-vis the gold standard in the literature with possibility of exploring the variables that might have contributed to her survival.
Combining Computer Vision, Artificial Intelligence and 3D Printing in Wheelchair Design Customization: The Kyklos 4.0 Approach
Authors: Gharra Mahmoud , Rebahi Yacine , Rizzi Luca , Zournatzis Ilias 
Published: December 2023

In the current paper, we present our work towards developing a solution combining computer vision and AI to support footrest design customization in the wheelchair industry. Wheelchairs and postural systems are complex and often user centric in the design process. Those products require a wide range of adjustments to adapt to the various anthropometries and disabilities of patients. Most commercial products, dedicated to severe disability, also include a series of additional elements, designed to keep the patient in a comfortable but “fixed” position. Such systems do not allow to “fix and maintain” the position of patient foot, especially for patients who have no control over their lower limbs. For that reason, it becomes essential to supply wheelchairs with specific elements to hold patient's shoe in place. Commercial foot supports are typically developed on standard sizes and do not always cover the entire population. In addition, those designs are based on standard shoes, thus they do not lend themselves well to adapting to special shoes or orthopedic shoes. Feet final position therefore becomes a key element in correct postural management. In this paper, we investigate the use of computer vision and AI to correctly define customization parameters of the footrest. The proposed design has been developed based on the specifications received from the Pro Medicare S.r.l[ https://www.promedicare.eu/en/] orthopedic technicians. We present suitable algorithms, design principles and well defined components towards the implementation of our proof of concept. We also present the testing activities we have undertaken and the obtained performance results.

Received: 26 June 2023 | Revised: 20 July 2023 | Accepted: 31 July 2023

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement
Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.

Author Contribution Statement
Mahmoud Gharra: Conceptualization, Software, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Data curation, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing, Visualization, Supervision. Yacine Rebahi: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing, Supervision, Project administration, Funding acquisition. Luca Rizzi: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Investigation, Resources, Data curation, Writing - review & editing, Visualization, Supervision, Project administration, Funding acquisition. Ilias Zournatzis: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Validation, Investigation, Resources, Data curation, Writing - review & editing, Visualization, Supervision, Project administration, Funding acquisition.
Understanding the Match: The Effect of Signaling, Demographics, and Applicant Characteristics on Match Success in the Orthopaedic Residency Application Process
Authors: Kotlier Jacob L. , Mihalic Angela P. , Petrigliano Frank A. , Liu Joseph N. 
Published: December 2023

Introduction:
As of the 2022 to 2023 match cycle, orthopaedic residency programs began offering applicants 30 signals as part of a preference signaling program. Many have assumed that signals would become powerful tools in the match process, yet no objective data currently exist analyzing their effect. This study aims to provide such analysis while also offering comparisons with other factors affecting match success.

Methods:
Self-reported survey data on applicants and applications from 2017 to 2023 from the Texas Seeking Transparency in Application to Residency database were queried. Variables associated with receiving interviews and match success were analyzed using two-sided Student t-tests, chi-squared tests, variance ratio testing, and receiver operating characteristic analysis.

Results:
Compared with 2017 to 2022, 2023 applicants submitted fewer applications (61.8 versus 78; P < 0.001), received fewer interview offers (11.6 versus 13.8; P < 0.001), and interview offers were spread more evenly among applicants (SD, 6.82 versus 9.10; P < 0.001). For 2023 applications, odds of securing an interview were increased most by away rotations (odds ratios [OR] 61.8; P < 0.001), use of a signal (OR, 9.61; P < 0.001), and geographic connection (OR, 4.70; P < 0.001). Female applicants received more interview offers from signaled programs than their male counterparts (11.2 versus 8.94; P = 0.003). Applicant variables most predictive of match success in 2023 were interview offers (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.802), step 2 CK score (AUC = 0.673), and step 1 score (AUC = 0.648).

Discussion:
The preference signaling program seems to be accomplishing its goals of reducing applications and more evenly distributing interviews. Away rotations, signals, and geographic connections represent the strongest predictors of applications resulting in a successful match. Applicants must use their signals carefully to maximize their chance of success.

Level of evidence:
Level III.
EXPLANATORY DATA ANALISIS UNTUK MENGEVALUASI PENELUSURAN KATA KUNCI VIDEO PEMBELAJARAN DI YOUTUBE DENGAN PENDEKATAN MACHINE LEARNING
Authors: Mambang Mambang , Ahmad Hidayat  , Finki Dona Marleny  , Johan Wahyudi  
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this study was to find correlations related to the variable number of impressions, likes, subscribers, and comments on each learning video keyword search on YouTube. This research uses quantitative methods and experiments with secondary data sources. Exploratory Data Analysis in machine learning using several libraries in Python programming produces image visualizations that provide information related to the dataset that has been processed, such as boxplot graphs, histograms, line plots, and correlation graphs. Exploratory Data Analysis with machine learning that we have done finds results on boxplot graphs on five variables showing a whisker more elongated upwards which states positive data results. The difference in this histogram chart is in the duration variable. On the line plot graph, we find the keywords learning videos learning mathematics have the advantage of four variables and the keywords of accounting learning videos one variable.
Exploratory Data Analysis using the correlation head map in the seaborn library shows that the like and comment variables strongly correlate with a value of 1. Duration variables have a low and negative correlation with other variables. The subscribers variable has a high correlation with the like variable 0.95. Thus, several indicators need to be considered in making learning videos, such as content or content of innovative and creative learning videos, so that the number of likes and comments becomes high. The length of time in learning videos does not affect the number of likes, subscribers, and comments.