bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Application of a New Compact Computed Tomography System for Evaluating the Outcome of Regenerative Therapy: A Case Report
Authors: Ito Koichi , Yoshinuma Naoto , Yoshinuma Eiji , Arai Yoshinori , Shinoda Koji 
Published: February 2005

Background: The limitations of conventional 2‐dimensional (2‐D) radiographs have been emphasized in many studies. Because the image is a 2‐D map of the 3‐dimensional (3‐D) tooth and periodontal tissue, these structures may be superimposed on each other. Recently, 3‐D image analysis by computed tomography (CT) was introduced to dentistry, but it has been used only rarely in the periodontal field.Methods: The purpose of this case report was to introduce the clinical application of a newly developed, compact computed tomography system for evaluating the outcome of regenerative therapy in an adult patient with periodontitis (male, aged 55 years). To evaluate the bone defects including furcation involvement, we took an intraoral radiograph and performed CT scanning on tooth #19. We recorded a number of clinical parameters at the time of surgery. We compared the images of the bone defect obtained by CT images and the conventional radiograph with the true bone defect morphology at the surgical site.Results: One year after the periodontal surgery, we again took CT scans and a conventional radiograph, and the new images of the bone defect were compared and evaluated. The new CT images were reconstructed for 3‐D evaluation and compared with those taken before surgery. The CT provides 3‐D images of excellent quality for evaluating the morphology of the periodontal bone defect and furcation involvement.Conclusions: We consider that CT is a useful aid in periodontal examination and diagnosis, and in the prediction and evaluation of periodontal treatment outcomes. J Periodontol 2001;72:696‐702.
Implants in Regenerated Bone in a Primate Model
Authors: Fritz M.E. , Jeffcoat M.K. , Reddy M. , Koth D. , Braswell L.D. , Malmquist J. , Lemons J. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Earlier publications from our laboratory described the use of guided bone regeneration to fill large bone voids in the mandible created through en bloc resection in primates. The present report describes placement of implants into the regenerated bone with subsequent prostheses construction and loading.Methods: Lesions were created in the mandibles of 9 monkeys in a standardized mandibular defect of 8 × 19 mm. Reinforced expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membranes were placed in the animals and held in place with mini screws and sutures for anywhere from 1 to 12 months. No material was added to the defect. In each animal a root‐form implant was placed 12 mm distal to the abutment teeth into the regenerated bone and was loaded with a prosthesis for 12 months. These implants were compared to original implants placed in the same monkeys years earlier in the same location in non‐regenerated bone. Digital radiology and histomorphometry are described.Results: The results show that root‐form implants placed in regenerated bone show the same radiological and histomorphometric characteristics as in normal bone when loaded. In addition, the percentage of bone contact with implants seen in regenerated bone versus non‐regenerated bone is the same when both are loaded (65 ± 13% SD in regenerated bone versus 59 ± 15% SD in non‐regenerated bone).Conclusions: In a primate model root‐form implants placed in regenerated bone and prosthetically loaded show no difference when compared to root‐form implants placed in non‐regenerated bone and prosthetically loaded. J Periodontol 2001;72:703‐708.
Effects of Dipeptide Bestatin on Porphyromonas gingivalis and Epithelial Cells
Authors: Labbé Sonia , Grenier Daniel , Plamondon Pascale , Uitto Veli‐Jukka , Mayrand Denis 
Published: February 2005

Background: Dipeptide bestatin has been previously reported to selectively inhibit the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis. The aims of this study were to investigate the mechanism of action of bestatin and to evaluate its effect on epithelial cells.Methods: The inhibitory effect of bestatin on P. gingivalis was tested in vitro (culture medium) and in vivo (guinea pig model). Radiolabeled compounds were used to investigate the effect of bestatin on the uptake of amino acids and peptides. The cytotoxic effect of bestatin was evaluated using a keratinocyte cell line.Results: The growth inhibition of P. gingivalis by bestatin was concentration‐dependent. Even at high concentrations, compounds possessing a chemical structure or an aminopeptidase inhibitor activity related to bestatin had no effect on growth of P. gingivalis. When injected in the presence of P. gingivalis, bestatin was able to prevent the development of a necrotic abscess in a guinea pig model. Data were obtained suggesting that bestatin does not act on proteinases of P. gingivalis. Rather, bestatin was found to inhibit the intracellular uptake of radioactivity from 14C‐labeled amino acids or heat‐denatured type I collagen. This was not observed with a spontaneous mutant of P. gingivalis, whose growth was not affected by bestatin. In the second part of the study, bestatin was found to have no effect on epithelial cell viability in culture at concentrations effective on P. gingivalis. In addition, bestatin did not show effects on epithelial cell migration or production of gelatinases.Conclusions: This study suggests that bestatin selectively inhibits growth of P. gingivalis by affecting the intracellular uptake of amino acids and peptides, which serve as energy and nitrogen sources for this bacterial species. Bestatin has no cytotoxicity and may represent a therapeutic molecule for local treatment of P. gingivalis‐associated periodontitis. J Periodontol 2001;72:714‐721.
Upregulation of Keratinocyte Growth Factor in Cyclosporin A‐Induced Gingival Overgrowth
Authors: Das Swarga Jyoti , Parkar Mohamed H. , Olsen Irwin 
Published: February 2005

Background: Drug‐induced gingival overgrowth (GO) is a frequent and adverse side‐effect associated principally with the administration of the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A (CsA) and also certain anti‐epileptic and anti‐hypertensive drugs. It is characterized by a marked increase in the thickness of the epithelial layer and the accumulation of excessive amounts of connective tissue. Although the mechanism by which the drugs cause GO is not yet understood, keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), which is a potent epithelial cell mitogen, has been implicated in other hyperplastic conditions, including mammary and prostatic hyperplasia, and could also be involved in the molecular pathology of GO.Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the expression of KGF in normal gingiva (NG) and GO tissue sections. The relative level of KGF mRNA in GO tissue and cells was compared with that of NG tissue and fibroblast cells using the semi‐quantitative reverse transcribed‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and DNA sequencing was carried out to confirm the identity of the PCR product.Results: KGF antigen and mRNA were readily detected in the GO tissue immunohistochemically and by RT‐PCR, respectively, but were not expressed in the NG tissue. Moreover, KGF transcripts were found to be approximately 2 times higher in the GO than in the NG fibroblasts in vitro, although the difference was not statistically significant.Conclusions: This study has shown, for the first time, that the level of KGF is elevated in GO and suggests that KGF may have an important role in the enhanced epithelial proliferation associated with GO. J Periodontol 2001;72:745‐752.
Relationship Between Rheumatoid Arthritis and Periodontitis
Authors: Mercado F.B. , Marshall R.I. , Klestov A.C. , Bartold P.M. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Because of several similar features in the pathobiology of periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis, in a previous study we proposed a possible relationship between the two diseases. Therefore, the aims of this study were to study a population of rheumatoid arthritis patients and determine the extent of their periodontal disease and correlate this with various indicators of rheumatoid arthritis.Methods: Sixty‐five consecutive patients attending a rheumatology clinic were examined for their levels of periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis. A control group consisted of age‐ and gender‐matched individuals without rheumatoid arthritis. Specific measures for periodontitis included probing depths, attachment loss, bleeding scores, plaque scores, and radiographic bone loss scores. Measures of rheumatoid arthritis included tender joint analysis, swollen joint analysis, pain index, physician's global assessment on a visual analogue scale, health assessment questionnaire, levels of C‐reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The relationship between periodontal bone loss and rheumatological findings as well as the relationship between bone loss in the rheumatoid arthritis and control groups were analyzed.Results: No differences were noted for the plaque and bleeding indices between the control and rheumatoid arthritis groups. The rheumatoid arthritis group did, however, have more missing teeth than the control group and a higher percentage of these subjects had deeper pocketing. When the percentage of bone loss was compared with various indicators of rheumatoid arthritis disease activity, it was found that swollen joints, health assessment questionnaire scores, levels of C‐reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were the principal parameters which could be associated with periodontal bone loss.Conclusions: The results of this study provide further evidence of a significant association between periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis. This association may be a reflection of a common underlying disregulation of the inflammatory response in these individuals. J Periodontol 2001;72:779‐787.
Gingival, Dermal, and Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts Express Different Extracellular Matrix Receptors
Authors: Palaiologou Archontia A. , Yukna Raymond A. , Moses Randy , Lallier Thomas E. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Fibroblasts are the predominant cells of the periodontal ligament and the gingiva and have important roles in the function and regeneration of the tooth support apparatus. The goal of this study was to investigate the possible differences in the adhesion properties and expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) receptors among different fibroblast populations.Methods: The adhesion of gingival (GF), dermal (DF), and periodontal ligament fibroblast (PDLF) cultures to ECM proteins (fibronectin, laminin, vitronectin, RGD peptide, collagen type I, and collagen type IV) adsorbed to tissue culture plastic was evaluated fluorometrically. Quantitative reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reactions (RT‐PCR) were performed using primers specific for 19 integrin subunits to quantify ECM receptor transcript expression.Results: Our data demonstrated that GF and PDLF adhere to vitronectin and collagen types I and IV more avidly than do DF. PDLF adhered well to laminin, whereas GF and DF did not. Quantitation of integrin expression demonstrated that the different fibroblast types expressed different integrin transcripts, further demonstrating their innate differences.Conclusions: The 3 fibroblast types studied behave differently and expressed different ECM receptors. However, gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament fibroblasts are more similar in their attachment and integrin expression than either is to dermal fibroblasts. Therefore, experiments using DF will not necessarily be valid for oral tissues. J Periodontol 2001;72:798‐807.
The Expression of Plasminogen Activator System in a Rat Model of Periodontal Wound Healing
Authors: Xiao Yin , Li Huika , Bunn Clive , Bartold P. Mark 
Published: February 2005

Background: The plasminogen activator system has been proposed to play a role in proteolytic degradation of extracellular matrices in tissue remodeling, including wound healing. The aim of this study was to elucidate the presence of components of the plasminogen activator system during different stages of periodontal wound healing.Methods: Periodontal wounds were created around the molars of adult rats and healing was followed for 28 days. Immunohistochemical analyses of the healing tissues and an analysis of the periodontal wound healing fluid by ELISA were carried out for the detection of tissue‐type plasminogen activator (t‐PA), urokinase‐type plasminogen activator (u‐PA), and 2 plasminogen activator inhibitors (PAI‐1 and PAI‐2).Results: During the early stages (days 1 to 3) of periodontal wound healing, PAI‐1 and PAI‐2 were found to be closely associated with the deposition of a fibrin clot in the gingival sulcus. These components were strongly associated with the infiltrating inflammatory cells around the fibrin clot. During days 3 to 7, u‐PA, PAI‐1, and PAI‐2 were associated with cells (particularly monocytes/macrophages, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells) in the newly formed granulation tissue. During days 7 to 14, a new attachment apparatus was formed during which PAI‐1, PAI‐2, and u‐PA were localized in both periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDL) and epithelial cells at sites where these cells were attaching to the root surface. In the periodontal wound healing fluid, the concentration for t‐PA increased and peaked during the first week. PAI‐2 had a similar expression to t‐PA, but at a lower level over the entire wound‐healing period.Conclusions: These findings indicate that the plasminogen activator system is involved in the entire process of periodontal wound healing, in particular with the formation of fibrin matrix on the root surface and its replacement by granulation tissue, as well as the subsequent formation of the attachment of soft tissue to the root surface during the later stages of wound repair. J Periodontol 2001;72:849‐857.
Orthodontic Tooth Movement Enhances Bone Healing of Surgical Bony Defects in Rats
Authors: Vardimon Alexander D. , Nemcovsky Carlos E. , Dre Eleni 
Published: February 2005

Background: The question of whether the repair of an alveolar bony defect can be enhanced by orthodontic tooth movement was addressed.Methods: Alveolar bone defects were created in 52 Wistar male rats anterior to both maxillary first molars. After 1 week of healing, orthodontic protraction was applied for 2 weeks on the right side, resulting in mesial tipping and displacement movement. Subsequently, a retention appliance was inserted for 1 week. The left side served as the untreated (control) group. Vital bone staining (procion brilliant red H‐8) was administered before and after orthodontic traction. Histomorphometric analysis was performed on 62 hemimaxillae using UV confocal microscopy and an imaging program. The total area of the bony defect was divided into 4 equal quadrants, and the area of bony apposition in each quadrant was measured.Results: The total area of bony apposition was 6.5‐fold larger in the treated (26.41 × 104 ± 28.92 × 104 µm2) than in the control group (4.07 × 104 ± 2.82 × 104 µm2), approaching statistical significance (P = 0.065). The treated occlusal quadrants demonstrated highly significant (P = 0.010), greater bone apposition compared to the control group (13.8‐fold) and to the treated apical quadrants (P = 0.04, 5‐fold).Conclusions: This study confirms that orthodontic tooth movement is a stimulating factor of bone apposition. A conversion in the repair pattern of the bony defect from apicoocclusal in the control group (no tooth movement) to occlusoapical in the treated group (with tooth movement) further supports the linkage between tooth movement and enhanced bone deposition. Clinical implication suggests incorporation of orthodontic tooth movement in regenerative therapy. J Periodontol 2001;72:858‐864.
Molecular Analysis of Peptostreptococcus micros Isolates From Patients With Periodontitis
Authors: Alpha Craig X. , Guthmiller Janet M. , Cummings Hector E. , Schomberg Lori L. , Noorani Shahriar M. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Recent studies provide strong evidence implicating Peptostreptococcus micros in the pathogenesis of various oral infections, including oropharyngeal abscesses and periodontal disease. To date, very little is known regarding the role of P. micros in periodontal disease. Therefore, a genetic analysis was initiated to differentiate among strains of P. micros infecting periodontal patients.Methods: Sixty DNA samples of P. micros isolated from 15 patients with periodontal disease were evaluated. Arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reactions (AP‐PCR) were performed using primer 3 (AGTCAGCCAC) and primer 13 (CAGCACCCAC). The PCR products were analyzed by gel electrophoresis.Results: The primers produced several unique patterns among the strains tested. Primer 3 resulted in 30 different patterns, whereas primer 13 resulted in 31 different patterns, which were distinct from those seen with primer 3. In 8 of 15 patients, the PCR profile was identical for all isolates cultured from that patient, indicating a clonal infection. In 4 of 15 patients, 2 different genotypes were identified. In the remaining 3 patients, all isolates cultured from these patients exhibited a unique genotype.Conclusions: While P. micros appears to be heterogeneous throughout a population of periodontal patients, each patient is, for the most part, infected with a limited number of genotypes. These results demonstrate the genetic diversity of P. micros and the usefulness of AP‐PCR for future epidemiological studies in understanding the role P. micros plays in periodontal disease pathogenesis. J Periodontol 2001;72:877‐882.
Cyclosporin‐Induced Gingival Overgrowth at the Newly Formed Edentulous Ridge in Rats: A Morphological and Histometric Evaluation
Authors: Fu Earl , Hsieh Yao‐Dung , Shen E‐Chin , Nieh Shin , Mao Tai‐Kum , Chiang Cheng‐Yang 
Published: February 2005

Background: Since cyclosporin A (CsA)‐induced overgrowth seldom occurs at sites distant from teeth, the periodontal ligament has been considered significant. The aim of this study was to examine overgrowth occurrence at the edentulous ridge—the sites without the ligament—after CsA therapy in rats.Methods: After extracting all right maxillary molars, 16 Sprague‐Dawley rats underwent a 2‐week healing period. The animals were separated into CsA and control groups. CsA rats received 15 mg/kg of CsA by gastric feeding for 4 weeks, while the control group received only mineral oil. At the end of study, all animals were sacrificed and stone models were immediately obtained by rubber‐based impressions. The edentulous ridge morphology, including the bucco‐lingual width and the vertical height, was measured on the models. For histometry, 10 sections were selected from the edentulous ridge of each animal after undecalcified tissue preparation. The soft tissue areas of the edentulous ridge and the trabecular bone morphology of the dental alveolus were measured.Results: CsA therapy produced a significant increase of the ridge width and height, measured from the stone models, when compared to the control group. Under histometry, CsA resulted in a significant increase of the epithelium, connective tissue, and total soft tissue areas. The measured trabecular bone volume was affected by both examining factors: the drug therapy and the location of the dental alveolus. CsA therapy produced a significant loss of bone volume but a significant increase of the bone‐specific surface area. Although the mean osteoid volume was similar between CsA and control groups, a significant decrease of the fractional formation surface in the CsA group was revealed.Conclusions: An enlarged edentulous ridge and an altered dental alveolar bone morphology were observed in CsA‐treated animals at the end of the study; therefore, we suggest that CsA may induce not only a soft tissue overgrowth but also an alveolar bone alteration at the edentulous ridge. The hypothesis that tooth or periodontal ligament is an essential component for the overgrowth development is questioned. J Periodontol 2001;72:889‐894.
Intrapocket Anesthesia for Scaling and Root Planing: Results of a Double‐Blind Multicenter Trial Using Lidocaine Prilocaine Dental Gel
Authors: Jeffcoat Marjorie K. , Geurs Nico C. , Magnusson Ingvar , MacNeill Simon R. , Mickels Nancy , Roberts Frank , Robinson Peter , Salamati Afshin , Yukna Ray 
Published: February 2005

Background: The efficacy of a novel anesthetic gel (lidocaine 25 mg/g plus prilocaine 25 mg/g in thermosetting agents) for non‐invasive periodontal pocket anesthesia was evaluated.Methods: One hundred twenty‐two (122) patients in 8 centers with moderate to severe periodontitis requiring scaling and root planing (SRP) were enrolled in this multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, controlled clinical trial. The active dental gel or a matching placebo gel was applied into the periodontal pocket using a blunt applicator. Following a waiting period of 30 seconds to 2 minutes, scaling and root planing were performed. If the patient had any discomfort, a second application of the gel was applied. If the patient continued to experience discomfort, conventional anesthesia was offered. After all teeth in the test quadrant had received SRP, the overall pain was assessed by the patient using a 100 mm horizontal, ungraded visual analog scale in which the left side was marked “no pain” and the right side marked “worst pain imaginable.” Patients also assessed pain by using a 5‐point verbal rating scale, from “no pain” to “very severe pain.”Results: The visual analog scale showed significant reductions in reported pain, favoring the active gel over the placebo (mean reduction, 8 mm; P <0.0005). The verbal rating scale revealed that 90% of patients treated with active gel reported no pain or mild pain compared to 64% of placebo‐treated patients (P <0.001).Conclusions: Intrapocket administration of lidocaine 25 mg/g plus prilocaine 25 mg/g and thermosetting agents may be effective for pain control for scaling and root planing and may offer an alternative to infiltration anesthesia. J Periodontol 2001;72:895‐900.
Evaluation of the Dentogingival Area During Early Plaque Formation
Authors: Weidlich Patrícia , de Souza Maria Antonieta Lopes , Oppermann Rui Vicente 
Published: February 2005

Background: The aims of this investigation were to evaluate the pattern of supragingival plaque formation in the dentogingival area within 96 hours after abstinence from mechanical plaque control and to clinically analyze the gingival inflammatory response observed.Methods: Six male volunteers, 20 to 23 years of age, had their upper incisors and cuspids polished. Four independent periods of no mechanical plaque control – 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours – were instituted. In each period, plaque was disclosed and standardized individual photographs were taken. Impressions were taken and replicas were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was collected at baseline and 96 hours. The height of the gingival papilla was measured at baseline, 24, and 96 hours.Results: Results showed the presence of a plaque‐free zone (PFZ) along the gingival margin up to 72 hours. After 96 hours, there was a significant reduction in the presence of PFZ in the proximal thirds of the buccal surface when compared to the other experimental periods. At the end of the study, there was a significant increase in the GCF flow as well as edema of the interdental papilla, when compared to baseline values.Conclusions: The PFZ observed during the initial phase was less apparent at the 96‐hour period. At this time, there was an increase in the gingival inflammatory response, represented clinically by increased GCF flow and edema. J Periodontol 2001;72:901‐910.