bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting suicidality in late‐life depression by 3D convolutional neural network and cross‐sample entropy analysis of resting‐state fMRI
Authors: Lin Chemin , Huang Chih‐Mao , Chang Wei , Chang You‐Xun , Liu Ho‐Ling , Ng Shu‐Hang , Lin Huang‐Li , Lee Tatia Mei‐Chun , Lee Shwu‐Hua , Wu Shun‐Chi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground: Predicting suicide is a pressing issue among older adults; however, predicting its risk is difficult. Capitalizing on the recent development of machine learning, considerable progress has been made in predicting complex behavior such as suicide. As depression remained the strongest risk for suicide, we aimed to apply deep learning algorithms to identify suicidality in a group with late‐life depression (LLD).Methods: We enrolled 83 patients with LLD, 35 of which were non‐suicidal and 48 were suicidal, including 26 with only suicidal ideation and 22 with past suicide attempts, for resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Cross‐sample entropy (CSE) analysis was conducted to examine the complexity of MRI signals among brain regions. Three‐dimensional (3D) convolutional neural networks (CNNs) were used, and the classification accuracy in each brain region was averaged to predict suicidality after sixfold cross‐validation.Results: We found brain regions with a mean accuracy above 75% to predict suicidality located mostly in default mode, fronto‐parietal, and cingulo‐opercular resting‐state networks. The models with right amygdala and left caudate provided the most reliable accuracy in all cross‐validation folds, indicating their neurobiological importance in late‐life suicide.Conclusion: Combining CSE analysis and the 3D CNN, several brain regions were found to be associated with suicidality.
MarkerNet: A divide‐and‐conquer solution to motion capture solving from raw markers
Authors: Hu Zhipeng , Tang Jilin , Li Lincheng , Hou Jie , Xin Haoran , Yu Xin , Bu Jiajun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMarker‐based optical motion capture (MoCap) aims to localize 3D human motions from a sequence of input raw markers. It is widely used to produce physical movements for virtual characters in various games such as the role‐playing game, the fighting game, and the action‐adventure game. However, the conventional MoCap cleaning and solving process is extremely labor‐intensive, time‐consuming, and usually the most costly part of game animation production. Thus, there is a high demand for automated algorithms to replace costly manual operations and achieve accurate MoCap cleaning and solving in the game industry. In this article, we design a divide‐and‐conquer‐based MoCap solving network, dubbed MarkerNet, to estimate human skeleton motions from sequential raw markers effectively. In a nutshell, our key idea is to decompose the task of direct solving of global motion from all markers into first modeling sub‐motions of local parts from the corresponding marker subsets and then aggregating sub‐motions into a global one. In this manner, our model can effectively capture local motion patterns w.r.t. different marker subsets, thus producing more accurate results compared to the existing methods. Extensive experiments on both real and synthetic data verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Metal Compound‐Based Heterostructures in Anodes Promote High Capacity and Fast Reaction Kinetic for Lithium/Sodium‐Ion Storage: A Review
Authors: Zhang Mengmeng , Mou Xina , Zhou Xin , Wang Jin , Li Hui , Wang Chunrui 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn recent years, metal compound‐based heterojunctions have received increasing attention from researchers as a candidate anode for lithium/sodium‐ion batteries, because heterojunction anodes possess unique interfaces, robust architectures, and synergistic effects, thus promoting Li/Na ions storage and accelerating ions/electrons transport. Exhilaratingly, the development of heterostructures has made rapid progress in the field of energy storage, greatly encouraging the industrialization of high energy and power density Li/Na ion batteries. However, there are few in‐detail and in‐depth reviews on the energy storage mechanism, synthesis routes, characterization methods and electrochemical performance of metal compound‐based heterojunction anodes. Herein, a deeper understanding of the correlation between the building blocks of heterojunctions and their enhanced electrochemical behaviors are summarized. Furthermore, various synthesis routes and characterization methods for heterostructure anodes are roundly reviewed. Finally, challenges and perspectives of heterojunction anodes in energy storage are presented in this work.
Highly Stable Free‐standing Cobalt Niobate with Orthorhombic Structure as Anode Material for Li‐ion Batteries
Authors: De Luna Yannis , Ma Shaobo , Li Guoxing , Bensalah Nasr 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe current and future energy demands require high‐performance batteries with stable long‐term cycling, high capacities, and fast‐charging capabilities. In recent years, niobate compounds have gained significant research interests due to their attractive properties suited for battery applications. In this work, cobalt niobate, CoNb2O6, was synthesized via a simple and scalable solid‐state mechanochemical method through high‐energy ball milling, mechanical treatment (pellet formation), and calcination at 900 °C. The resulting product is a pure, columbite‐type (orthorhombic) cobalt niobate based on XRD findings. Electrochemical testing in a half‐cell against Li/Li+ of the as‐prepared free‐standing cobalt niobate anode material revealed a highly reversible process of lithiation (discharge) and delithiation (charge), with increasing pseudocapacitive behavior at higher scan rates. At 0.1 A g−1, the observed initial discharge capacity was about 900 mAh g−1. The synthesized CoNb anode material displayed an impressive rate performance, which involved increased stability at elevated current densities. During prolonged cycling tests, the anode material displayed extremely stable cycling vs Li/Li+, even at 2 A g−1, delivering a specific capacity of 700 mAh g−1 in the initial cycle, followed by a relatively constant capacity of 150 mAh g−1 throughout the majority of 5000 cycles completed. Post‐mortem analysis illustrated the reversibility of the cobalt niobate anode material and confirmed the growth and partial breakdown of the SEI film. With the results obtained from this work, cobalt niobate is full of potential as an anode material for Li‐ion battery applications.
Probing oxygen exchange between UiO‐66(Zr) MOF and water using 17O solid‐state NMR
Authors: Venel Florian , Giovine Raynald , Laurencin Danielle , Špačková Jessica , Mittelette Sébastien , Métro Thomas‐Xavier , Volkringer Christophe , Lafon Olivier , Pourpoint Frédérique 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe Zr‐based Metal Organic Framework (MOF) UiO‐66(Zr) is widely employed owing to its good thermal and chemical stabilities. Although the long‐range structure of this MOF is preserved in the presence of water during several days, little is known about the formation of defects, which cannot be detected using diffraction techniques. We apply here 17O solid‐state NMR spectroscopy at 18.8 T to investigate the reactivity of UiO‐66, through the exchange of oxygen atoms between the different sites of the MOF and water. For that purpose, we have selectively enriched in 17O isotope the carboxylate groups of UiO‐66(Zr) by using it with 17O‐labeled terephthalic acid prepared using mechanochemistry. In the presence of water at 50 °C and a following dehydration at 150 °C, we observe an overall exchange of O atoms between COO− and μ3‐O2− sites. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the three distinct oxygen sites, μ3‐OH, μ3‐O2− and COO−, of UiO‐66(Zr) MOF can be enriched in 17O isotope by post‐synthetic hydrothermal treatment in the presence of 17O‐enriched water. These results demonstrate the lability of Zr−O bonds and the reactivity of UiO‐66(Zr) with water.
Plastic Waste Conversion by Leveraging Renewable Photo/Electro‐Catalytic Technologies
Authors: Li Jianan , Ma Hong‐Peng , Zhao Guoping , Huang Guangfa , Sun Wenbo , Peng Chong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPlastics have revolutionized our lives; however, the exponential growth of their usage has led to a global crisis. More sustainable strategies are needed to address this dilemma and transform the plastics economy from a linearity to a circular model. Herein, we systematically summarize the recent progress in renewable energy‐driven plastic conversion strategies, including photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and their integration. By introducing the significant works, the design principles, mechanisms, and system regulations, we decipher and compare the various aspects of plastic conversion. These approaches show high reactivity and selectivity under environmentally benign conditions and provide alternative reaction pathways for plastic conversion. Plastic upcycling as a chemical feedstock can yield value‐added chemicals and fuels, contributing to the establishment of a sustainable and circular economy. Additionally, several innovations in reaction engineering and system designs are presented. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of sustainable energy‐driven plastic conversion technologies are comprehensively discussed.
Speed‐current single‐loop control of PMSM based on model‐assisted cascaded extended state observer and sliding mode control
Authors: Wang Min , Liu Yanhong , Wang Qi , Liao Yuefeng , Wheeler Patrick 
Published: January 2024

SummaryThis paper proposes a novel speed‐current single‐loop speed regulation controller for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) based on model‐assisted cascaded extended state observer (ESO) and sliding mode control (SMC), aimed at simplifying the control structure, increasing dynamic performance, and improving antidisturbance performance. Firstly, a cascaded ESO based on model information is designed for the second‐order model of single‐loop control of PMSM. This approach allows for quick and accurate estimation of disturbance without increasing bandwidth, while also reducing the burden of ESO with model‐assisted information. Next, with the estimation disturbance feedforward compensation, the composite controller is constructed based on SMC, which effectively eliminates residual disturbance and reduces chatterings. The stability of the closed‐loop system under the proposed controller is proved strictly. Finally, simulations and experiments are conducted to validate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.
Predation of the endangered Ae'o (Hawaiian Stilt) by a native raptor, the Pueo (Hawaiian Short‐eared Owl) on the island of O'ahu, Hawai'i, USA
Authors: Garcia‐Heras Marie‐Sophie , Idle Jessica L. , Wang Olivia , Harmon Kristen C. , Wilhite Chad J. , Stormcrow Kaleiheana‐a‐Pōhaku , Naguwa Wade H. , Davidson Lesley N. , Katayama Lauren S. , Price Melissa R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWhile the impact of introduced predators is a widely acknowledged issue and key component of conservation considerations for endemic waterbird populations in the Hawaiian Islands, the impact of native predators on endemic, endangered waterbirds is not as frequently discussed or factored into recovery models. The Pueo (Hawaiian Short‐eared Owl; Asio flammeus sandwichensis) is a subspecies of Short‐eared Owl endemic to the Hawaiian Islands and is State‐listed as Endangered on the island of O'ahu. The Ae'o (Hawaiian Stilt; Himantopus mexicanus knudensi) is a subspecies of the Black‐necked Stilt endemic to Hawai'i and is federally listed as Endangered throughout its range. A variety of non‐native predators are confirmed to consume Ae'o eggs, chicks, and adults, including invasive mammals (e.g., feral cats), birds (e.g., Barn Owls), and amphibians (e.g., bullfrogs). While predation by native predators was suspected, there are no cases documented in the literature to date describing Pueo preying upon Ae'o. Here, we describe four events that provide evidence of Pueo predating Ae'o during the 2019–2021 breeding seasons in a wetland area on the island of O'ahu: (1) confirmed Pueo predating an Ae'o chick, (2) a suspected predation attempt of a Pueo chasing adult Ae'o, and (3) two suspected predation events based on (a) 10 adult‐sized Ae'o carcasses and remains found near an active Pueo nest and (b) game camera photos of Pueo visiting two Ae'o nests. To our knowledge, these novel observations are the first published accounts of predator–prey interactions between these two subspecies.
Preparation of α‐Deuterated Lactic Acid Derivatives through Remote Heteroaryl Migration and Radical‐Polar Crossover Deuteration
Authors: Chen Yinwen , Liu Jige , Sun Yuqian , Wu Xinxin , Zhu Chen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA novel photoredox‐neutral 1,2,5‐trifunctionalization of α‐hydroxyhexenoates is disclosed. The radical cascade proceeds via heteroaryl migration‐enabled alkene fluoroalkylheteroarylation and radical‐polar crossover deuteration, leading to functionalized α‐deuterated lactic acid derivatives. The reaction features mild photochemical conditions and provides an efficient approach for the synthesis of valuable deuterated molecules.
The application of biochar improves the nutrient supply efficiency of organic fertilizer, sustains soil quality and promotes sustainable crop production
Authors: Zhang Kangkang , Khan Zaid , Khan Mohammad Nauman , Luo Tao , Luo Lijun , Bi Junguo , Hu Liyong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRapeseed meal, a nutritious organic fertilizer (OF), contributes to improving soil environment and crop productivity. However, there are also problems, namely slow fertilizer efficiency and low nutrient utilization during the growing season. This 2‐year field trial was conducted to explore the effect of biochar addition on improving the nutrient availability of OF through a comparative study of various biochar application rates under rice‐rapeseed rotation conditions. The findings revealed that, compared to the individual application of chemical fertilizers (CF), OF alone decreased rice yield (2%/2%) and rapeseed yield (6%/10%) in 2019/2020. Compared with OF, combining biochar (15 t ha−1) with OF (OF + B15) significantly increased rice yield (17%/10%) and rapeseed yield (25%/20%) in the first/second year. Additionally, OF + B15 still increased rice yield (14%/7%) and rapeseed yield (12%/13%) for two consecutive years compared to CF. The co‐application of biochar and OF had positive impacts on soil physicochemical properties and enzymes. Compared to OF, OF + B15 elevated soil organic carbon (SOC) by 57%–81%, soil catalase 19%, invertase 14%–20%, urease 17%–19%, and phosphatase 13%–17% during rice season, and similarly increased SOC by 77%–90%, soil catalase 14%–16%, invertase 14%–20%, urease 18%–24%, and phosphatase 16%–17% in rapeseed season. Biochar addition improved soil conditions and enzymatic activities, and the available nutrient supply of OF. Also, the co‐application of biochar and rapeseed meal surpassed the effect of chemical fertilizer alone on the growth and yield of crops. Therefore, biochar coupling with organic fertilizer is an effective fertilization strategy based on resource recycling, which promotes both crop yield and sustainable agriculture.
Regeneration from three cellular sources and ectopic mini‐retina formation upon neurotoxic retinal degeneration in Xenopus
Authors: Parain Karine , Chesneau Albert , Locker Morgane , Borday Caroline , Perron Muriel 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRegenerative abilities are not evenly distributed across the animal kingdom. The underlying modalities are also highly variable. Retinal repair can involve the mobilization of different cellular sources, including ciliary marginal zone (CMZ) stem cells, the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE), or Müller glia. To investigate whether the magnitude of retinal damage influences the regeneration modality of the Xenopus retina, we developed a model based on cobalt chloride (CoCl2) intraocular injection, allowing for a dose‐dependent control of cell death extent. Analyses in Xenopus laevis revealed that limited CoCl2‐mediated neurotoxicity only triggers cone loss and results in a few Müller cells reentering the cell cycle. Severe CoCl2‐induced retinal degeneration not only potentializes Müller cell proliferation but also enhances CMZ activity and unexpectedly triggers RPE reprogramming. Surprisingly, reprogrammed RPE self‐organizes into an ectopic mini‐retina‐like structure laid on top of the original retina. It is thus likely that the injury paradigm determines the awakening of different stem‐like cell populations. We further show that these cellular sources exhibit distinct neurogenic capacities without any bias towards lost cells. This is particularly striking for Müller glia, which regenerates several types of neurons, but not cones, the most affected cell type. Finally, we found that X. tropicalis also has the ability to recruit Müller cells and reprogram its RPE following CoCl2‐induced damage, whereas only CMZ involvement was reported in previously examined degenerative models. Altogether, these findings highlight the critical role of the injury paradigm and reveal that three cellular sources can be reactivated in the very same degenerative model.
Descriptive characteristics of extinction bursts: A record review
Authors: Muething Colin , Cariveau Tom , Bottini Summer , Slocum Sarah , Williams Catherine , Gillespie Scott , Scheithauer Mindy 
Published: January 2024

AbstractProcedural extinction is sometimes associated with a temporary increase in responding known as an extinction burst. Extinction bursts present unique challenges in the context of treating behavior targeted for reduction. The present study updates the prevalence of extinction bursts using a clinical sample (N = 108) receiving treatment for targeted behavior. The prevalence of extinction bursts in our sample (24%) was consistent with that in prior literature. The extinction‐burst magnitude decreased across sessions after extinction was contacted during treatment, but this sample did not demonstrate decreased persistence or magnitude of extinction bursts across successive transitions from baseline to treatment. We also examined the prevalence and magnitude of extinction bursts based on the function and topography of targeted behavior and treatment components and found no consistent relation among these variables. These findings should lead clinicians to prepare for transient extinction bursts when implementing extinction‐based treatment for challenging behavior.
School engagement and Interpersonal–Psychological Theory of Suicide: Identity groups differences
Authors: Wester Kelly L. , Morris Carrie Wachter , Aragon Emu , McAllister Christine 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe Interpersonal–Psychological Theory of Suicide (IPTS) is a framework for understanding suicidality, yet there is little connection of IPTS to school environment, or exploration of this model within various populations. In this article, we conduct a cross‐sectional assessment in a high school to understand the relationships between student engagement, IPTS, and suicidal behavior, to provide guidance for counseling professionals to target prevention and intervention efforts to increase effectiveness. A total of 1081 high school students participated in the current study. While perceived burdensomeness was found to moderate the relationship of some aspects of student engagement to suicidal behavior, nuances existed in risk factors to suicidal behavior for various identity groups within the school. Findings have implications for prevention and intervention efforts that would be most effective for students with diverse backgrounds.
Comparison of biosynthetic zinc oxide nanoparticle and glucantime cytotoxic effects on Leishmania major (MRHO/IR/75/ER)
Authors: Saleh Fatemeh , Kheirandish Farnaz , Abbasi Mohammad , Ahmadpour Fatemeh , Veiskarami Saeed , Mirderikvand Atefe 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCurrently, zinc oxide (ZnO) particles are used in nanotechnology to destroy a wide range of microorganisms. Although pentavalent antimony compounds are used as antileishmanial drugs, they are associated with several limitations and side effects. Therefore, it is always desirable to try to find new and effective treatments. The aim of this research is to determine the antileishmanial effect of ZnO particles in comparison to the Antimoan Meglumine compound on promastigotes and amastigotes of Leishmania major (MRHO/IR/75/ER). After the extraction and purification of macrophages from the peritoneal cavity of C57BL/6 mice, L. major parasites were cultured in Roswell Park Memorial Institute‐1640 culture medium containing fetal bovine serum (FBS) 10% and antibiotic. In this experimental study, the effect of different concentrations of nanoparticles was investigated using the 3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5‐diphenyl‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric method, in comparison to the glucantime on promastigotes, amastigotes and healthy macrophages in the culture medium. The amount of light absorption of the obtained color from the regeneration of tetrazolium salt to the product color of formazan by the parasite was measured by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) reader, and the IC50 value was calculated. IC50 after 24 h of incubation was calculated as IC50 = 358.6 µg/mL. The results showed, that the efficacy of ZnO nanoparticles was favorable and dose‐dependent. The concentration of 500 µg/mL of ZnO nanoparticles induced 84.67% apoptosis after 72. Also, the toxicity of nanoparticles was less than the drug. Nanoparticles exert their cytotoxic effects by inducing apoptosis. They can be suitable candidates in the pharmaceutical industry in the future.
Vitamin D delays intervertebral disc degeneration and improves bone quality in ovariectomized rats
Authors: Xu Hao‐Wei , Fang Xin‐Yue , Chen Hao , Zhang Shu‐Bao , Yi Yu‐Yang , Ge Xiao‐Yong , Liu Xiao‐Wei , Wang Shan‐Jin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractKnown to be involved in bone‐cartilage metabolism, Vitamin D (VD) may play a role in human's disc pathophysiology. Given that postmenopausal women are prone to suffer VD deficiency and intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), this study is intended to investigate whether VD can delay IDD in ovariectomized rats by improving bone microstructure and antioxidant stress. Female Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly allocated into four groups: sham, oophorectomy (OVX)+VD deficiency (VDD), OVX, and OVX+VD supplementation (VDS). In vivo, after a 6‐month intervention, imaging and pathology slice examinations showed that IDD induced by OVX was significantly alleviated in VDS and deteriorated by VDD. The expressions of aggrecan and Collagen II in intervertebral disc were reduced by OVX and VDD, and elevated by VDS. Compared with the OVX+VDD and OVX group vertebrae, OVX+VDS group vertebrae showed significantly improved endplate porosity and lumbar bone mineral density with increased percent bone volume and trabecular thickness. Furthermore, 1α,25(OH)2D3 restored the redox balance (total antioxidant capacity, ratio of oxidized glutathione/glutathione) in the disc. The cocultivation of 1α,25(OH)2D3 and nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) was conducted to observe its potential ability to resist excessive oxidative stress damage induced by H2O2. In vitro experiments revealed that 1α,25(OH)2D3 reduced the senescence, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix degradation induced by H2O2 in NPCs. In conclusion, VDS exhibits protective effects in OVX‐induced IDD, partly by regulating the redox balance and preserving the microstructure of endplate. This finding provides a new idea for the prevention and treatment of IDD.