bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microstructural and mechanical characterization of Al/Cu interface in a bimetallic composite produced by compound Casting
Authors: Salout Shima Ahmadzadeh , Mirbagheri Seyed Mohammad Hossein 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The bimetal set (Al/Cu) with Cu wire with 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 mm diameters were cast at different casting temperatures and solidification times through the compound casting method. The microstructure of solid/liquid diffusion bonding at the Al/Cu interface was investigated, and the shear strength of the Al/Cu interface was measured by punch test. By characterizing the diffusion layer, the optimum parameters of the compound casting, including the casting temperature and the solidification soaking time, as well as the Cu wire diameter, were acquired. The intermetallic compounds (IMCs) such as CuAl2, CuAl, and Cu9Al4 were observed in the diffusion layer. The types of intermetallic phases and diffusion layer thickness affect the hardness and the shear strength. The result of casting at 680°C and solidification soaking time of 15 s for 3 mm Cu wire, shows that IMCs increased the micro-hardness of the Al/Cu bimetal up to 328 HV at the Al/Cu interface. Also, increasing the solidification soaking time at a constant temperature resulted in a growth of the interface layer’s thickness, which exhibits a lamellar eutectic microstructure containing IMCs. Furthermore, this action caused an increase in the shear strength.
‘Not me!’ a qualitative, vignette-based study of nurses’ and physicians’ reactions to spiritual distress on neuro-oncological units
Authors: Völz Daniela , Grabenweger Reinhard , Best Megan C. , Hau Peter , Jones Kate F. , Linker Ralf , Paal Piret , Bumes Elisabeth 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
People with primary malignant brain tumors experience serious health-related suffering caused by limited prognosis and high symptom burden. The aim of this study was to analyze the attitudes and behavior of nurses and physicians when confronted with spiritual distress in these patients.
Methods
Neurospirit-DE is a qualitative vignette-based, multicentre, cross-sectional online survey that was conducted in Bavaria, Germany. Reflexive Thematic Analysis was used for data analysis.
Results
A total of 143 nurses and physicians working in neurological and neurosurgical wards in 46 hospitals participated in the survey. The participants questioned if the ability to provide spiritual care can be learned or is a natural skill. Spiritual care as a responsibility of the whole team was highlighted and the staff reflected on the appropriate way of involving spiritual care experts. The main limitations to spiritual care were a lack of time and not viewing spiritual engagement as part of the professional role. Some were able to personally benefit from spiritual conversations with patients, but many participants criticized the perceived emotional burden while expressing the imminent need for specific training and team reflection.
Conclusions
Most neuro-oncological nurses and physicians perceive spiritual care as part of their duty and know how to alleviate the patient’s spiritual distress. Nonetheless, validation of spiritual assessment tools for neuro-oncology and standardized documentation of patients' distress, shared interprofessional training, and reflection on the professional and personal challenges faced when confronted with spiritual care in neuro-oncology require further improvement.
Joint effect of multiple metals on blood lipid profile in overweight/obese and normal-weight adults: a cross-sectional study in China
Authors: Wu Shan , Zhao Dongwei , Ji Guiyuan , Li Lvrong , Xing Xiaohui , Li Jiajie , Ma Anping , Wei Yuan , Huang Huimin , Ma Wenjun , Dong Ming , Wu Banghua , Liu Tao , Chen Qingsong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background: Dyslipidemia may be a potential links between metals exposure and adverse cardiovascular events, which may be different in overweight/obese (OW/OB) and normal-weight adults. However, the joint effect of various metals on lipid profiles and the contribution of each metal remain unknown.
Methods: 2808 adults were recruited from Guangdong, and the blood levels of 13 metals and the serum lipid levels were measured. Multivariate log binomial regression and quantile g-computation were applied to analyze the single and joint effects of various metals on lipid profiles and the contribution of each metal among OW/OB and normal-weight adults.
Results: HDL-C was significantly decreased in OW/OB subjects, while LDL-C and non-HDL-C were significantly increased in normal-weight adults. There were significant and positive joint effects of multiple metals on various blood lipid parameters in all, OW/OB or normal-weight participants. Quantile g-computation showed that Mo, As, Cr and V contributed most to the effect of the mixture for various lipid parameter in OW/OB participants, whereas Cd, Pb, Zn, Se, Co and V contributed the most in normal-weight participants. Our findings indicated that the joint effects of multi-metals on various blood lipid parameters were positive and significant. The relative importance of various metals in various lipid profiles among OW/OB and normal-weight adults were different. Further prospective studies in larger population are needed to clarify these findings.
Ammonium ion adsorption from aqueous solutions by using modified activated carbon derived from rice straw
Authors: Sedaghat Omid , Bahramifar Nader , Younesi Habibollah 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Many of the health problems of organisms have been attributed to the excessive release of ammonia and nitrogen-containing compounds into the environment. The study was conducted to identify the potential use of oxidized activated carbon (OAC) to remove ammonium ions from aqueous solutions on modified activated carbon in batch system adsorption. BET, SEM, and FTIR analyses were used to characterize the obtained adsorbent. The effects of adsorbent dose, initial concentration of ammonium ions, pH, temperature and contact time on removal efficiency were evaluated. Additionally, kinetic, thermodynamic and isotherm models were investigated to understand the mechanism of adsorption of ammonium ions on OAC. The results showed that 97% of ammonium was removed by modified activated carbon. The adsorption of ammonium ions on OAC increases with increasing adsorbent dose, pH, and contact time. Moreover, it decreased with an increasing initial concentration of ammonium ions. The equilibrium ammonium ion adsorption data for OAC were better fitted with the Langmuir model (r2= 0.999), and a maximum adsorption capacity of 41.50 mg g-1 was achieved. The ammonium ion absorbance kinetics were best described by a pseudo-second-order model (r2=0.999). The prepared adsorbent maintained its efficiency for up to 10 adsorption/desorption cycles. Due to its high adsorption capability and good stability, modified activated carbon powder can be utilized as a worthy adsorbent in water and wastewater treatment.
Granularity Based Inter and Intra-Modal Fusion Network for Sarcasm Detection
Authors: Shi Yicong , Zhao Xiaoli , Chen Mingxuan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Multi-modal sarcasm detection is a task that involves detecting and identifyingsarcasm using multiple modalities of information. The key aspect of this task lies in how to model intra and inter-modality incongruity. Existing multi-modal sarcasm detection methods often focus on incongruity between modalities while overlooking the potential of fully exploring the semantic information within each modality. We tackle the problem in this paper by designing the Granularity Based Inter and Intra-Modal Fusion Network (GIIFN). Our approach combines tradi-tional image algorithms with deep learning models to extract comprehensive andrich semantic information from images. By incorporating a pre-trained languagemodel, we leverage knowledge from large-scale textual data to enhance the anal-ysis of images. Furthermore, our feature interaction model can effectively fuse and interact features at different granularities, capturing fine details and contex-tual information in the images. Through extensive experimental validation, we demonstrate the outstanding performance of our approach in multimodal satiredetection tasks, surpassing existing methods and outperforming state-of-the-art results.
Association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and erectile dysfunction among American Adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhufeng Chen , youcheng lin , xun wu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a pressing public health concern. NAFLD is recognized as a disease with systemic involvement. Erectile dysfunction is a prevalent condition among men.The study examined the relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, assessed via US Fatty Liver Index (USFLI), and erectile dysfunction.This study used cross-sectional data from individuals over 20 years old who took part in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2001 and 2004, collecting details on their ED, USFLI, and several other essential variables. A USFLI score equal to or exceeding 30 was chosen to diagnose NAFLD, while a USFLI score below 10 was utilized to exclude the presence of fatty liver.There were 3 763 participants, with 29.1% (1,095/3,763) who experienced ED. After Accounting for all potential covariates, USFLI was positively associated with erectile dysfunction (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.02 ~ 1.03; P < 0.001). Compared with individuals with Q1 (USFLI < 10), the adjusted OR values for USFLI and ED in Q2 (10 ≤ USFLI < 30) and Q3 (USFLI ≥ 30, NAFLD) were 1.84 (95% CI: 1.46 ~ 2.32, p < 0.001) and 2.18 (95% CI: 1.66 ~ 2.87, p < 0.001), respectively. The association USFLI and ED exhibited an L-shaped curve (nonlinear, P = 0.014). The OR of developing erectile dysfunction was 1.03 (95% CI: 1.021 ~ 1.04, P < 0.001) in participants with USFLI < 50.18. This study identified a positive correlation between USFLI and ED within the adult American population. Our findings imply that NAFLD might constitute an independent risk factor for ED.
Insights into the role of glycerol as a marker for differentiation of different flavor types of Baijiu
Authors: Wang Guangnan , Cheng Huan , Pan Haibo , Zheng Fuping , Ye Xingqian , Li Zexia , Zhang Yuhang , Sun Baoguo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Glycerol has essential effects on the flavor of alcoholic beverages. However, the non-volatility and low contents of glycerol and the presence of high ethanol content, make it difficult to detect in Baijiu. In this study, a derivatization method combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to characterize and quantify glycerol in 12 main flavor types of Baijiu for the first time. The average contents of the glycerol in Soysauce (8.36 ± 2.78 mg/L), Sesame (15.96 ± 0.83 mg/L) and Feng (12.69 ± 2.38 mg/L) flavor types were higher than that in other types. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the differences of glycerol in different types of Baijiu among the selected variants, i.e., fermentation process, starter, fermentation container and raw material. The results showed that there were significant effects of these selected categories on the glycerol in Baijiu. The results of heatmap and hierarchical cluster analysis, further indicated that the production temperature of the fermentation starter may be the key factor affecting the contents of glycerol in Baijiu.
Artificial intelligence analysis of nuclear morphological features and molecular abnormalities of papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Nishikawa Toui , Matsuzaki Ibu , Takahashi Ayata , Ryuta Iwamoto , Musangile Fidele Yambayamba , Sagan Kanako , Nishikawa Mizuki , Mikasa Yurina , Takahashi Yuichi , Kojima Fumiyoshi , Murata Shin-ichi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid carcinoma and has characteristic papillary-like nuclear features. Genetic abnormalities of PTC affect recent molecular target therapeutic strategy towards RET-altered cases, and they affect clinical prognosis and progression. However, there has been insufficient objective analysis of the correlation between genetic abnormalities and papillary-like nuclear features. Using our newly-developed methods, we studied the correlation between nuclear morphology and molecular abnormalities of PTC with the aim of predicting genetic abnormalities of PTC.
We studied 72 cases of PTC and performed genetic analysis to detect BRAF/V600E mutation and RET/PTCrearrangement. Papillary-like nuclear features of PTC, such as nuclear grooves, pseudo-nuclear inclusions and glassy nuclei, were also automatically detected by deep learning models. After analyzing the correlation between genetic abnormalities and papillary-like nuclear features of PTC, logistic regression models could be used to predict gene abnormalities. Papillary-like nuclear features were accurately detected with over 0.90 of AUCs in every class. The ratio of glassy nuclei to nuclear groove and the ratio of pseudo-nuclear inclusion to glassy nuclei were significantly higher in cases that were positive for RET/PTC rearrangements (p = 0.027, p = 0.043, respectively) than in cases that were negative for RET/PTC. RET/PTCrearrangements were significantly predicted by glassy nuclei/nuclear grooves, pseudo-nuclear inclusions/glassy nuclei and age (p = 0.023).
Our deep learning models could accurately detect papillary-like nuclear features. Genetic abnormalities had correlation with papillary-like nuclear features of PTC. Furthermore, our artificial intelligence model could significantly predict RET/PTC rearrangement of classic PTC.
Single cell RNA-seq reveals that the Vibrio cholerae MakA toxin is required for killing of Tetrahymena pyriformis and for survival in protozoan expelled food vacuoles
Authors: Espinoza-Vergara Gustavo , Hoque M Mozammel , Noorian Parisa , To Joyce , Moon Jonah M. , Rice Scott A. , McDougald Diane 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Vibrio cholerae uses multiple strategies to resist predation by heterotrophic protozoa. For example, V. cholerae releases toxic compounds such as ammonium and pyomelanin, that can kill protists such as Tetrahymena pyriformis. V. cholerae also survives intracellularly and escapes as viable cells inside protozoan expelled food vacuoles (EFVs). We previously reported that V. cholerae encased in EFVs are hyperinfectious, establishing an important link between anti-protozoal strategies and bacterial virulence. Although the intracellular resistance and escape of V. cholerae in EFVs has been reported, the molecular mechanisms behind this remain poorly understood. Here, we used single cell transcriptomics of V. cholerae exposed to T. pyriformis and captured a total of 5,344 bacterial cells with heterogeneous gene expression. Cells with the same pattern of gene expression were grouped, resulting in eleven clusters of cells with a unique gene expression profile. Genes encoding outer membrane proteins, F1F0-Na+/H+ ATPase, metabolites and toxins showed differential expression among the clusters. Furthermore, the motility-associated killing factor (Mak) toxins (makA, makB and makC) were differentially expressed. A V. cholerae ΔmakA strain was not capable of killing T. pyriformis and showed reduced survival inside EFVs compared to the wild type. Our findings reveal new insights into the grazing resistance mechanisms of V. cholerae, identify factors associated with the survival of V. cholerae within EFVs and more broadly, highlight the connection between antiprotozoal and virulence factors displayed by pathogenic bacteria.
Attitudes to aging mediated the reciprocal associations between frailty and depressive symptoms: ageism as a moderator
Authors: Ye Bo , Li Yunxia , Wang Yujie , Xu Jixiang , Bao Zhijun , Gao Junling 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
The bidirectional causality between frailty and depressive symptoms (DS) in older adults was demonstrated, while the mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the meditating effect of Attitudes to Aging (AA) in these reciprocal relationships and explore a moderator of ageism.
Methods
Data from the second wave of a community-based cohort study in Shanghai, were analyzed. Participants included 4,522 older adults aged 60 and above, with an average age of 72.3 years (SD = 6.4), and with 55.4% being women. Frailty, DS, AA and ageism were measured using valid scales. Moderated mediation analyses were performed using the PROCESS Marco for SPSS.
Results
In moderated mediation model, controlling for covariates, both frailty (β = 0.274, P < 0.001) and AA (β = -0.057, P < 0.001) had significant associations with DS. There was a significant interaction effect between ageism and AA (β = -0.085, P = 0.002), but not between ageism and frailty (P = 0.214). Similarly, in the path from DS to frailty, frailty showed significant relationships with DS (β = 0.304, P < 0.001) and AA (β = -0.060, P < 0.001). The interaction effect between DS and ageism (β = -0.066, P = 0.009) was significant, while not significant between AA and ageism (P = 0.851).
Conclusions
The findings highlight the importance of AA and addressing ageism as preventive measures for frailty and DS, and may offer valuable implications for future research and interventions in older population.
The relationship between loneliness and problematic social media usage in Chinese university students: A longitudinal study
Authors: Wu Peibo , Feng Rong , Zhang Jindan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background: A significant number of cross-sectional studies have explored the correlation between loneliness and problematic social media use. However, the causal relationship between these two key variables remains controversial, and the developmental relationship over time is unclear.
Methods: We conducted a one-year longitudinal study with 538 Chinese college students using questionnaires and employing cross-lagged and latent growth models to investigate the causal relationship and developmental dynamics between loneliness and problematic social media use.
Results: The results indicate that (a) loneliness and problematic social media use mutually and positively influence each other, establishing a bidirectional causal relationship; (b) Chinese college students experience a gradual increase in levels of loneliness and problematic social media use during their time in college; and (c) the intercept and slope of loneliness significantly and positively affect the intercept and slope of problematic social media use, and conversely, the intercept and slope of problematic social media use significantly and positively influence the intercept and slope of loneliness.
Conclusion: These findings reveal the longitudinal relationship between loneliness and problematic social media use among Chinese college students and offer insights for researchers and educators to intervene in college students' loneliness and problematic social media use from a developmental perspective.
Integration of religious beliefs and faith-based resources in domestic violence services to migrant and ethnic minority communities: A scoping review
Authors: Istratii Romina , Ali Parveen , Feder Gene , Mshweshwe Linda 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Domestic violence and abuse (DVA) is a problem that cuts across borders and communities. There is an urgency for domestic violence service providers in multicultural societies like the United Kingdom (UK) to adapt to the diverse backgrounds of their clients so that they can better support victims and survivors to cope and exit harmful situations, as well as help perpetrators stop abusive behaviour through interventions that take into account their socio-cultural context. Religious beliefs are an integral part of many people’s lives and identities, influencing rationalisations, attitudes and help-seeking behaviour around domestic violence. Religious mediators often offer a first point of reference for victimised parties to turn to, with both positive and negative impacts. Despite this recognition, it is unclear to what extent religious sensibilities are being addressed in DVA services, or how best to account for religious beliefs and experiences in a manner that respects religious diversity among clients while recognising gaps in religious literacy among domestic violence providers, social workers, counsellors and other frontline workers responding to the problem. Recognising this, we conducted a scoping review to identify existing approaches and practices for integrating religious beliefs and faith-based resources in domestic violence services. The review had an international scope, was conducted in English and included 30 publications. The synthesis of the evidence pointed to numerous approaches and efforts in integrating religious beliefs and faith-based resources in DVA services, differences and tensions in generalist and community-based responses, and the need for various measures in DVA services to cater to multi-cultural populations
Identification and validation of PANoptosis and autophagy-related molecular characterization in ulcerative colitis
Authors: Lu Jiali , Li Fei , Ye Mei 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. Programmed cell death (PCD), such as PANoptosis and autophagy, is involved in various inflammation- and immune-related diseases. This study aimed to examine the molecular signature and the associated immune cell infiltration of the PANoptosis- and autophagy-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in UC. Ten PANoptosis-related hub DEGs, including PDGFRB, TIMP1, MMP2, CD44, TIMP2, TGFB2, IL6, TIMP3, IL1B, HGF, and four autophagy-related hub DEGs, including CCL2, TGFB1, PPARG, and CXCR4, were identified. These hub genes were associated with cell chemotaxis, wound healing and positive regulation of MAPK cascade. Immune infiltration analysis revealed UC patients exhibited a higher infiltration of immunocytes and these hub genes were closely related to a various of immune cell infiltrations. Through the machine learning algorithms, five key candidate genes, TIMP1, TIMP2, TIMP3, IL6, and CCL2, showed a good diagnostic performance in distinguishing UC patients from healthy individuals. Furthermore, these five key candidate genes were highly expressed in inflammatory fibroblasts (IAFs) by single-cell sequencing analysis. The expression levels of the key candidate genes exhibited significant differences in the colon mucosa of UC patients. Our findings indicated that PANoptosis and autophagy or crosstalk between them might be implicated in immune dysregulation and wound healing in UC via regulating specific immune cells or IAFs and interacting with key signals such as cell chemotaxis and MAPK signaling pathways.
An Analysis of Bilingual Text in Pakistani Advertisements: A Sociolinguistics Study
Authors: Nusrat Muhammad , Ghulam Kishwar 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study is based on sociolinguistic aspects of advertisements, and these advertisements contain bilingual text and diversity of human life governed through advertisements in which all cultural life portrayed by advertisers and designers of these companies design the advertisements according to regional culture as this research based on the bilingual text on Pakistani advertisements and according to Pakistani culture the most common used language is URDU which analyzed in this research along with commonly used international language ENGLISH. This study revealed that linguistics and semiotics on advertisements according to Pakistani culture, and this research is based on the qualitative design, which explored cross-cultural aspects based on Roland Barthes’s theory. These ads become a source of target audiences of that culture, and bilingual text on advertisements became the source of the conversation, thus promoting products and constructing identity in this diversity occurred through bilingual advertisements like Banks, companies’ identity, beauty products, food and clothing brands, medicine companies remained the research study.