bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virtual pacing of a patient’s digital twin to predict left ventricular reverse remodelling after cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: Koopsen Tijmen , Gerrits Willem , van Osta Nick , van Loon Tim , Wouters Philippe , Prinzen Frits W , Vernooy Kevin , Delhaas Tammo , Teske Arco J , Meine Mathias , Cramer Maarten J , Lumens Joost 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Aims
Identifying heart failure (HF) patients who will benefit from cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) remains challenging. We evaluated whether virtual pacing in a digital twin (DT) of the patient’s heart could be used to predict the degree of left ventricular (LV) reverse remodelling post-CRT.

Methods and results
Forty-five HF patients with wide QRS complex (≥130 ms) and reduced LV ejection fraction (≤35%) receiving CRT were retrospectively enrolled. Echocardiography was performed before (baseline) and 6 months after CRT implantation to obtain LV volumes and 18-segment longitudinal strain. A previously developed algorithm was used to generate 45 DTs by personalizing the CircAdapt model to each patient’s baseline measurements. From each DT, baseline septal-to-lateral myocardial work difference (MWLW-S,DT) and maximum rate of LV systolic pressure rise (dP/dtmax,DT) were derived. Biventricular pacing was then simulated using patient-specific atrioventricular delay and lead location. Virtual pacing–induced changes ΔMWLW-S,DT and ΔdP/dtmax,DT were correlated with real-world LV end-systolic volume change at 6-month follow-up (ΔLVESV). The DT’s baseline MWLW-S,DT and virtual pacing–induced ΔMWLW-S,DT were both significantly associated with the real patient’s reverse remodelling ΔLVESV (r = −0.60, P &lt; 0.001 and r = 0.62, P &lt; 0.001, respectively), while correlation between ΔdP/dtmax,DT and ΔLVESV was considerably weaker (r = −0.34, P = 0.02).

Conclusion
Our results suggest that the reduction of septal-to-lateral work imbalance by virtual pacing in the DT can predict real-world post-CRT LV reverse remodelling. This DT approach could prove to be an additional tool in selecting HF patients for CRT and has the potential to provide valuable insights in optimization of CRT delivery.
Counting the genetic ancestors from source populations in members of an admixed population
Authors: Agranat-Tamir Lily , Mooney Jazlyn A , Rosenberg Noah A 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In a genetically admixed population, admixed individuals possess genealogical and genetic ancestry from multiple source groups. Under a mechanistic model of admixture, we study the number of distinct ancestors from the source populations that the admixture represents. Combining a mechanistic admixture model with a recombination model that describes the probability that a genealogical ancestor is a genetic ancestor, for a member of a genetically admixed population, we count genetic ancestors from the source populations—those genealogical ancestors from the source populations who contribute to the genome of the modern admixed individual. We compare patterns in the numbers of genealogical and genetic ancestors across the generations. To illustrate the enumeration of genetic ancestors from source populations in an admixed group, we apply the model to the African-American population, extending recent results on the numbers of African and European genealogical ancestors that contribute to the pedigree of an African-American chosen at random, so that we also evaluate the numbers of African and European genetic ancestors who contribute to random African-American genomes. The model suggests that the autosomal genome of a random African-American born in the interval 1960–1965 contains genetic contributions from a mean of 162 African (standard deviation 47, interquartile range 127–192) and 32 European ancestors (standard deviation 14, interquartile range 21–43). The enumeration of genetic ancestors can potentially be performed in other diploid species in which admixture and recombination models can be specified.
Distinct genomic contexts predict gene presence–absence variation in different pathotypes of Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Joubert Pierre M , Krasileva Ksenia V 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Fungi use the accessory gene content of their pangenomes to adapt to their environments. While gene presence–absence variation contributes to shaping accessory gene reservoirs, the genomic contexts that shape these events remain unclear. Since pangenome studies are typically species-wide and do not analyze different populations separately, it is yet to be uncovered whether presence–absence variation patterns and mechanisms are consistent across populations. Fungal plant pathogens are useful models for studying presence–absence variation because they rely on it to adapt to their hosts, and members of a species often infect distinct hosts. We analyzed gene presence–absence variation in the blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae (syn. Pyricularia oryzae), and found that presence–absence variation genes involved in host–pathogen and microbe–microbe interactions may drive the adaptation of the fungus to its environment. We then analyzed genomic and epigenomic features of presence–absence variation and observed that proximity to transposable elements, gene GC content, gene length, expression level in the host, and histone H3K27me3 marks were different between presence–absence variation genes and conserved genes. We used these features to construct a model that was able to predict whether a gene is likely to experience presence–absence variation with high precision (86.06%) and recall (92.88%) in M. oryzae. Finally, we found that presence–absence variation genes in the rice and wheat pathotypes of M. oryzae differed in their number and their genomic context. Our results suggest that genomic and epigenomic features of gene presence–absence variation can be used to better understand and predict fungal pangenome evolution. We also show that substantial intra-species variation can exist in these features.
An Eulerian finite element method for the linearized Navier–Stokes problem in an evolving domain
Authors: Neilan Michael , Olshanskii Maxim 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The paper addresses an error analysis of an Eulerian finite element method used for solving a linearized Navier–Stokes problem in a time-dependent domain. In this study, the domain’s evolution is assumed to be known and independent of the solution to the problem at hand. The numerical method employed in the study combines a standard backward differentiation formula-type time-stepping procedure with a geometrically unfitted finite element discretization technique. Additionally, Nitsche’s method is utilized to enforce the boundary conditions. The paper presents a convergence estimate for several velocity–pressure elements that are inf-sup stable. The estimate demonstrates optimal order convergence in the energy norm for the velocity component and a scaled $L^{2}(H^{1})$-type norm for the pressure component.
Essential role of CD155 glycosylation in functional binding to DNAM-1 on natural killer cells
Authors: Tahara Saeko , Okumura Genki , Matsuo Tomohei , Shibuya Akira , Shibuya Kazuko 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The cluster of differentiation 155 (CD155) is highly expressed on tumor cells and augments or inhibits the cytotoxic activities of natural killer (NK) cells and T cells through its receptor ligands DNAX accessory molecule 1 (DNAM-1) and T-cell immunoglobulin (Ig) and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domain (TIGIT), respectively. Although CD155 is heavily glycosylated, the role of glycosylation of CD155 in the cytotoxic activity of effector lymphocytes remains unknown. Here, we show that the N-linked glycosylation at residue 105 (N105 glycosylation) in the first Ig-like domain of CD155 is involved in the binding of CD155 to both DNAM-1 and TIGIT. The N105 glycosylation also plays an essential role to induce signaling in both DNAM-1 and TIGIT reporter cells. Moreover, we show that the N105 glycosylation of CD155 contributes preferentially to the DNAM-1-mediated activating signal over the TIGIT-mediated inhibitory signal in NK cells. Our results demonstrated the important role of the N105 glycosylation of CD155 in DNAM-1 and TIGIT functions and shed new light on the understanding of tumor immune responses.
Predicting the potential distribution of the Pheidole megacephala in light of present and future climate variations
Authors: Ke Zengyuan , Mao Mengfei , Steve Bamisile Bamisope , Li Zhiqiang , Xu Yijuan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The big-headed ant, Pheidole megacephala (Fabricius), has a widespread distribution across numerous regions globally. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has identified it as one of the 100 worst invasive alien species worldwide, given the severe ecological and economic harm it causes in invaded areas. In this study, we predicted the present and future global distribution of P. megacephala, taking into account known distribution points and bioclimatic factors. Our results indicated that temperature is the primary factor affecting the distribution of P. megacephala, with potential suitable areas currently found mainly in South America, Southern North America, Western Europe, Coastal areas of the Mediterranean and Red Seas, Southern Africa, Southern Asia, Islands in Southeast Asia, and coastal regions of Australia. The total suitable area spans 3,352.48 × 104 km2. In China, the potential suitable area for P. megacephala is 109.02 × 104 km2, representing 11.36% of China’s land area. In the future, based on different climatic conditions, the suitable area of P. megacephala generally showed a declining trend, but some newly added suitable areas showed that it had a tendency to expand to higher latitudes. Relevant agencies should implement effective measures to control P. megacephala populations to mitigate damage in invaded areas and slow down or prevent the spread of big-headed ants into noninvaded regions.
US Forest Service Experimental Forests and Ranges: An Untapped Resource for Social Science
Authors: Charnley Susan , Cerveny Lee K. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
For a century, US Forest Service experimental forests and ranges (EFRs) have been a resource for scientists conducting long-term research relating to forestry and range management. Social science research has been limited, despite the history of occupation and current use of these sites for activities ranging from resource extraction and recreation to public education. This article encourages researchers to take advantage of the rich, though largely untapped, potential EFRs offer for social science by describing their many human dimensions and providing an overview of potential research topics. These topics include human uses, economics, historical studies, population and land-use change, human values, and interdisciplinary social-ecological studies. Lack of awareness among social scientists, limited budgets and networking, and the predominance of biophysical scientists who administer and conduct research at EFRs appear to be inhibiting the development of social science research there. We suggest ways of overcoming these barriers.
A Pilot Randomized Trial Evaluating the Cool 2 Be Safe Junior Playground Safety Program for Preschool Children
Authors: Cox Amanda , Morrongiello Barbara A 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
Unintentional injury is the leading cause of death to children worldwide, and playgrounds pose a significant risk of injury. Those aged 5 and 6 years are particularly vulnerable to playground injuries. Previous interventions have typically targeted environmental modifications or increased supervision to reduce playground injuries; however, minimal research has focused on implementing behavioral interventions that seek to change children’s safety knowledge and risk-taking behaviors on the playground. The current randomized trial addressed these gaps in the literature and sought to increase preschool children’s hazard awareness skills and knowledge of unsafe playground behaviors and decrease their intentions to engage in risk-taking behaviors on the playground.

Method
A total of 77 children aged 5 and 6 years were tested at a laboratory on a university campus, using a parallel group design, with 38 randomized to the playground intervention group and 39 randomly assigned to a control group. The intervention was manualized and delivered to small groups of children (3–5) over several sessions.

Results
Statistical analyses revealed significant group differences. Intervention experience led to significant increases in hazard awareness skills and knowledge of unsafe playground behaviors, and significant decreases in children’s risk-taking behavioral intentions, whereas those in the control group showed no significant changes in these scores. Attention scores for those in the intervention group highlighted that the program content was successful in maintaining children’s attention and engagement, and memory scores indicated excellent retention of lesson content.

Conclusion
The program shows promise in addressing the issue of unintentional playground injuries in young children.
Sanshimao formula inhibits the hypoxia-induced pro-angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells partly through regulating MKK6/p38 signaling pathway
Authors: Chen Zhe , Wang Man , Lv Xiang , Xu Yannan , Wang Xionghui , Li Bai , Ling Changquan , Du Juan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Sanshimao (SSM) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study was designed to investigate the effect of SSM on HCC-induced angiogenesis and to explore the potential mechanism.

Methods
The endothelial cells were cultured with HCC cells conditioned medium in the 1% oxygen atmosphere to imitate tumor hypoxia microenvironment. EA.hy926 cells migration and tubulogenesis were detected by tube formation and scratch-wound assay. The protein microarray was employed to explore SSM-targeted proteins in Huh7 cells. We also established an animal model to observe the effects of SSM on angiogenesis in vivo.

Results
The data indicated that SSM reduced HCC-induced migration and tube formation of EA.hy926 cells at low dose under hypoxic conditions. These effects might be partly owing to suppression of HIF-1α-induced vascular endothelial growth factorα expression in Huh7 cells. Moreover, this inhibition was in an MKK6/P38-dependent way. Besides, Huh7 subcutaneous tumor models in nude mice further demonstrated the inhibition of SSM on tumor weight might be exerted partly by reduction of angiogenesis via blocking MKK6/P38 signaling pathways.

Conclusion
SSM inhibits HCC-induced pro-angiogenesis under hypoxic conditions via suppression of MKK6/P38 signaling pathways, which is favorable for HCC tumor growth.
‘I have just written a song which came out of my soul’: Lay Music Production and the Death of President John F. Kennedy
Authors: Clark Jennifer , Grigg H E R , Schortz Jemima 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
The death of President John F. Kennedy in November 1963 drew a mass outpouring of public and private grief. Thousands of people from all over the world sent condolence messages to his widow, Jacqueline Kennedy. They also sent pieces of music, sometimes hurriedly composed, in response to their overwhelming grief. Most of these pieces have never been heard and sit in a silent archive. This essay examines the condolence music composed for Kennedy, focusing especially on the lay material in the condolence archive, and discovers men, women, and children who found solace in the songwriting process, pre-empting what we now know to be an effective form of grief therapy. It reveals the characteristics of lay music production in response to Kennedy’s death, and how the people who sent music to Jacqueline Kennedy explained what they were doing and why they were doing it.
Dynamical masses across the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram
Authors: Hwang Hsiang-Chih , Ting Yuan-Sen , Cheng Sihao , Speagle Joshua S 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
We infer the dynamical masses of stars across the Hertzsprung–Russell (H–R) diagram using wide binaries from the Gaia survey. Gaia’s high-precision astrometry measures the wide binaries’ orbital motion, which contains the mass information. Using wide binaries as the training sample, we measure the mass of stars across the 2D H–R diagram using the combination of statistical inference and neural networks. Our results provide the dynamical mass measurements for main-sequence stars from 0.1 to 2 M⊙, unresolved binaries, and unresolved triples on the main sequence, and the mean masses of giants and white dwarfs. Two regions in the H–R diagram show interesting behaviours in mass, where one of them is pre-main-sequence stars, and the other one may be related to close compact object companions like M dwarf-white dwarf binaries. These mass measurements depend solely on Newtonian dynamics with minimal assumptions on eccentricities, providing independent constraints on stellar evolutionary models, and the occurrence rate of compact objects.
Adaptive Capacity of a DNA Polymerase Clamp-loader ATPase Complex
Authors: Subramanian Subu , Zhang Weilin , Nimkar Siddharth , Kamel Mazzin , O’Donnell Michael , Kuriyan John 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The ability of mutations to facilitate adaptation is central to evolution. To understand how mutations can lead to functional adaptation in a complex molecular machine, we created a defective version of the T4 clamp-loader complex, which is essential for DNA replication. This variant, which is ∼5,000-fold less active than the wild type, was made by replacing the catalytic domains with those from another phage. A directed-evolution experiment revealed that multiple substitutions to a single negatively charged residue in the chimeric clamp loader—Asp 86—restore fitness to within ∼20-fold of wild type. These mutations remove an adventitious electrostatic repulsive interaction between Asp 86 and the sliding clamp. Thus, the fitness decrease of the chimeric clamp loader is caused by a reduction in affinity between the clamp loader and the clamp. Deep mutagenesis shows that the reduced fitness of the chimeric clamp loader is also compensated for by lysine and arginine substitutions of several DNA-proximal residues in the clamp loader or the sliding clamp. Our results demonstrate that there is a latent capacity for increasing the affinity of the clamp loader for DNA and the sliding clamp, such that even single-point mutations can readily compensate for the loss of function due to suboptimal interactions elsewhere.
Artificial Cognition
Authors: Fioretti Guido 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter illustrates tools that can be used in order to endow artificial agents with cognitive abilities that go beyond behavioural algorithms—notably, Shafer’s evidence theory, Atkin’s Q-analysis, and Kohonen’s unsupervised neural networks. These tools have been selected with the aim of allowing modellers to reproduce states of mind that deviate even substantially from either pure or bounded means-ends rationality. In particular, evidence theory provides a framework to represent the sort of uncertainty that originates from the fear that something may happen, that one is not even able to figure out. According to several economic theories, such states of mind can have a substantial impact on investment decisions and eventually generate underemployment equilibria. Q-analysis of hypergraphs allows holistic set representations where interactions among components can generate qualitatively novel features. Applications may concern work teams and boards of directors, as well as intertwined opportunities in scenario analysis. Unsupervised neural networks construct their categories around the items to which they have been exposed most often. Their capability to discover novel and unexpected patterns makes them useful in domains ranging from time series to text analysis whenever one does not know what regularities one may expect. Finally, since cognition concerns the beehive just as much as the bee, this chapter concludes by hinting at the possibility of an agent-based model displaying its own cognitive capabilities. In particular, connectionist tools and results can be adapted to organizational contexts by exploiting the analogy between information loops and organizational routines.
Authoritarian Redistribution
Authors: Albertus Michael 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Redistribution of resources within societies is surprisingly widespread under authoritarianism despite the inability of citizens in such societies to demand it at the polls. It is not just aimed at lining insiders’ pockets or stamping out pockets of resistance. Many authoritarian regimes proactively deploy redistributive policies in an effort to undercut rival elites and ensnare citizens in relations of long-term dependence. These policies are typically more effective at entrenching authoritarian rule than using wide-scale repression or coup-proofing against strictly elite-based threats. Authoritarian regimes typically front-load asset redistribution, and then structure ownership and subsequent income and insurance-based redistribution to channel state control and, ultimately, to consolidate their own power and stave off threats to it.
Academic Self-Concept Formation
Authors: Marsh Herbert W. , Basarkod Geetanjali , Pekrun Reinhard , Dicke Theresa , Parker Philip D. , Guo Jiesi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Academic self-concept is a person’s evaluative self-beliefs of their academic ability. It is an important outcome in its own right and positively predicts other crucial educational constructs such as achievement, course selection, persistence, and long-term attainment. Numerous research studies have shown that self-concept is formed through dimensional, social, and temporal social comparison processes. These processes map on to the internal/external frame-of-reference model, the big-fish-little-pond effect, and the reciprocal effects model, respectively. The current chapter outlines the three-faceted model of psychological comparison (3FPC) processes that integrate all three models. While the three independent models provide useful information, the unified 3FPC allows for a host of new theoretical predictions based on different combinations of the three psychological comparison processes. The authors describe these combinations and discuss how they may be useful in driving educational policy and practice.