bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impaired osteoblastogenesis in myeloma bone disease: role of upregulated apoptosis by cytokines and malignant plasma cells
Authors: Silvestris Franco , Cafforio Paola , Calvani Nicola , Dammacco Franco 
Published: July 2004

SummaryBone remodelling is severely affected in myeloma bone disease as a consequence of skeletal metastatization of malignant plasma cells. We investigated whether defective bone replacement is dependent on increased osteoblast apoptosis and/or on deregulated events within the bone microenvironment. Circulating tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interferon‐γ, interleukin (IL)‐1β, and IL‐6 levels were higher in myeloma patients with overt bone disease, whose osteoblasts constitutively overexpressed Fas, DR4/DR5 complex as receptors to TNF‐related apoptosis inducing ligand, intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1), and monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 (MCP‐1). They were functionally exhausted and promptly underwent apoptosis in vitro, in contrast to the minor tendency to death detected in control osteoblasts from patients without bone involvement and normal donors. Osteoblasts dramatically enhanced their apoptosis in co‐cultures with MCC‐2 myeloma cells and upregulated both ICAM‐1 and MCP‐1 in a manner similar to control osteoblasts. Pretreating MCC‐2 cells with soluble ICAM‐1 led to a striking inhibition of their adhesion to osteoblasts, suggesting that the ICAM‐1/lymphocyte function‐associated antigen‐1 system plays a role in the reciprocal membrane contact to trigger apoptogenic signals. Our data suggest that, in the myeloma bone microenvironment, both high cytokine levels and physical interaction of malignant plasma cells with osteoblasts drive the accelerated apoptosis in these cells leading to defective new bone formation.
Genetic diversity of hexaploid wheat cultivars estimated by RAPD markers, morphological traits and coefficients of parentage
Authors: Marić S. , Bolarić S. , Martinčić J. , Pejić I. , Kozumplik V. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractEstimates of genetic diversity can be based on different types of data. The aim of this research were to study genetic diversity among Croatian wheat cultivars by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers, morphological traits and pedigree records; to analyse differences between wheat cultivars from two breeding centres; and to evaluate usability of RAPD markers for estimation of genetic diversity among wheat cultivars in comparison with morphological traits and pedigree record data. Studies were conducted on 14 wheat cultivars and breeding lines from two breeding centres in Croatia. For the RAPD analysis 36 primers were screened and the 14 most polymorphic ones yielded 341 polymorphic bands. Twelve morphological traits were used for morphological analysis. Pedigrees were composed of seven generations of ancestors. RAPD markers showed a high level of polymorphism among the cultivars examined and the breeding lines. No significant correlations were observed among the methods tested.
Identification of cultivars and accessions of Lolium, Festuca and Festulolium hybrids through the detection of simple sequence repeat polymorphism
Authors: Momotaz A. , Forster J. W. , Yamada T. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractMolecular diversity and genetic affinity in the Lolium/Festuca grass complex have been assessed using simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker technology. The genotypic set was derived from three accessions of perennial ryegrass, two cultivars of Italian ryegrass, two cultivars of meadow fescue, two cultivars of tall fescue and 10 accessions from different intergeneric hybrid (Festulolium) combinations. The majority of the genomic DNA‐derived SSR primer pairs from perennial ryegrass (LPSSR) and Italian ryegrass (LMSSR) produced clear, simple and distinctive amplification products from the majority of the genotypes. The efficiency of cross‐specific amplification for LPSSR markers varied from 38% in meadow fescue to 93% in two cultivars of Festulolium and from 57% in meadow fescue to 87% in Italian ryegrass for LMSSR markers. Of 40 amplified markers, 14 (35%) produced species‐difference alleles in the relation to cultivars used in the present study. Thirty‐five LPSSR locus‐derived alleles were found to be specific to Lolium species, four to meadow fescue and six to tall fescue. For LMSSR alleles, eight were specific to Lolium species and five were only associated with Italian ryegrass, and null alleles were detected for meadow fescue in all instances. These species‐difference markers could clearly identify different accessions of Festulolium. Cluster analysis separated the individual taxa and showed grouping of intergeneric hybrids based on genomic composition. The data distinguished between the species and reflected the known pedigree of the cultivars and the differences between the species. The dendrogram also distinguished between the Festulolium accessions and clearly demonstrated the relations between Festulolium hybrids and their parent species.
Cytogenetic analysis of two interspecific Citrus allotetraploid somatic hybrids and their diploid fusion parents
Authors: Chen C. L. , Guo W. W. , Yi H. L. , Deng X. X. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractMicrosporogenesis of two interspecific allotetraploid somatic hybrids, i.e.‘Hamlin’ sweet orange +‘Rough Lemon’ (HR) and ‘Key’ lime +‘Valencia’ sweet orange (KV), was examined and compared with their corresponding diploid fusion parents. Meiotic analysis revealed that only 13.2 and 18.0% of the meiocytes exhibited normal tetrad formation in HR and KV somatic hybrid plants, respectively, and irregular chromosome behaviour with univalent or multivalent pairing occurred. Moreover, meiotic abnormalities such as chromosome bridges, chromosomes orientated away from the equatorial plate, especially lagging chromosomes, which resulted in different sizes of pollen grain, were frequently observed in both somatic hybrids. As expected, the percentage of chromosome abnormalities was much lower in their corresponding diploid fusion parents. HR and KV had 15.4 and 7.2% pollen germinability, respectively, intermediate between their corresponding fusion parents. The meiotic behaviour of these somatic hybrids provided valuable information for their practical utilization in a citrus breeding programme.
Detection and genotyping of SNPs tightly linked to two disease resistance loci, Rsv1 and Rsv3, of soybean
Authors: Jeong S. C. , Saghai Maroof M. A. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractAllele‐specific polymerase chain reaction (AS‐PCR) for assaying single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) would be more widely used with increased availability of AS primers sufficient to distinguish between SNP alleles. AS‐PCR could be a means unambiguously to detect the presence or absence of PCR products. Examples are given here of the detection and genotyping of SNPs in the genomic DNA fragments tightly linked to two soybean mosaic virus resistance genes, Rsv1 and Rsv3, with a modified AS‐PCR procedure in soybean. The modified AS‐PCR that introduces an additional base mismatch closest to the 3′‐end of the AS primers and uses publicly available microsatellite markers as positive controls directly determined SNP alleles from primary PCR of genomic DNAs. It was demonstrated that a set of AS primers designed from two adjacent SNP loci could simultaneously detect the two SNP loci. Using the modified procedure, many SNP loci in eight soybean parental lines and F2 individuals of three mapping populations could be genotyped. The modified AS‐PCR procedure could greatly facilitate small‐to‐medium scale marker‐assisted selection programmes for agronomically important genes.
S‐allele identification by PCR analysis in sweet cherry cultivars
Authors: Wünsch A. , Hormaz J. I. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractGametophytic self‐incompatibility, governed by the S‐locus, operates in sweet cherry. The knowledge of the S‐genotype of sweet cherry cultivars is therefore essential to establish productive orchards by defining compatible combinations. The isolation of sweet cherry S‐R Nases has allowed the use of different molecular techniques to characterize the S‐genotypes of sweet cherry cultivars. Previously, incompatibility group assignment could only be carried out on mature trees through pollination tests. In this work, PCR analysis with primers designed on the conserved sequences of sweet cherry S‐R Nases has been used to characterize the S‐genotype of 71 sweet cherry cultivars, including 26 cultivars whose S‐allele constitution had not been previously described. This approach has allowed the detection of alleles that had not been amplified by PCR before, to identify six putative new S‐alleles, to define three new self‐incompatibility groups and to compile the standards for a PCR‐based S‐allele typing method in sweet cherry.
Variation and genetics of tolerance to cull fruit formation in slicing cucumber
Authors: Dhillon N. P. S. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractCull fruit formation (CFF) in cucumber is a serious problem in subtropical regions. A world collection of cucumber was evaluated in the field for tolerance to CFF over 2 years. Tolerance was identified in landraces collected from the centre of origin (India). Highly significant genotypic effects for tolerance to CFF were observed. The data revealed the presence of genetic variability among cucumber inbreds for tolerance to CFF, which would be useful to develop CFF‐tolerant varieties or hybrids. Genotype‐by‐environment interaction for tolerance to CFF was not detected. Twenty‐one F1 hybrids evaluated for tolerance to CFF indicated the dominance of a low CFF trait which appears to be controlled by many dominant genes. The in breds ‘JL‐1’, ‘JL‐2’ and ‘JL‐11’ would be good choices as parents for developing CFF‐tolerant cucumber hybrids.
Seedling survivability as a selection criterion for drought tolerance in wheat
Authors: Tomar S. M. S. , Kumar G. T. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractNinety genotypes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were screened at the seedling stage in wooden boxes in greenhouse conditions (range of temperature 25‐35°C) for moisture stress. Boxes were filled with a mixture of soil : sand : FYM in a 50 : 45 : 5 ratio. Boxes were given equal quantities of water 12 h before sowing to ensure good germination. Seeds were sown in rows at a uniform depth of 3 cm. No irrigation was provided after sowing. When most of the genotypes started wilting, the boxes were irrigated to study the recovery response (seedling survivability) of the genotypes. Based on the days taken for recovery, wheat genotypes, JWS 98, HD 2329, HW 3081, Halna and MP 1136 withered early and were grouped as susceptible, while the genotypes HI 1494, HW 2044, Kundan, NIAW 588, PBW 514 and NI 5439 resumed growth, showed a better response and were classified as drought‐tolerant. The study on mode of inheritance revealed that seedling survivability is controlled by a single dominant gene.
Segregation patterns of AFLP markers in F1 hybrids of a cross between tetraploid and diploid species in the genus Malus
Authors: Li Y. H. , Han Z. H. , Xu X. 
Published: July 2004

Abstract Malus xiaojinensis, one of the most important wild genotypes in the genus Malus, is resistant to a variety of stresses such as Fe deficiency chlorosis, drought and cold. However, lack of knowledge of its genetic background prevents using genetic analysis to study those agronomic traits and corresponding gene functions. Here, as the first step towards construction of the linkage map of M. xiaojinensis, genetic analysis of the F1 triploid hybrids (M. xiaojinensis × M. baccata) was performed with amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Using 15 EcoRI‐ MseI primer combinations, 1110 AFLPs were identified, with 31.3% of M. xiaojinensis‐, 12.7% of M. baccata‐specific markers, 54.9% of common markers, and 1.2% of non‐parental markers; 93.3% of the AFLP markers exhibit the expected segregation ratio. Thirty‐two M. xiaojinensis‐specific markers and 47 common markers display a 5 : 1 and 11:1 segregation ratios, respectively, suggesting that M. xiaojinensis is an autotetraploid, or at least an isosyndetic allotetraploid.
Mapping quantitative trait loci in wheat for resistance against greenbug and Russian wheat aphid
Authors: Castro A. M. , Vasicek A. , Ellerbrook C. , Giménez D. O. , Tocho E. , Tacaliti M. S. , Clúa A. , Snape J. W. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractBreeding for genetic resistance against greenbug and Russian wheat aphid (RWA) is the most effective way of controlling these widespread pests in wheat. Earlier work had shown that chromosome 7D of a synthetic hexaploid wheat, ‘Synthetic’ (T. dicoccoides × Ae. squarrosa) (AABB × DD) gave resistance when transferred into the genetic background of an aphid‐susceptible cultivar, ‘Chinese Spring’, as the recipient. To map the genes involved, a set of 103 doubled haploid recombinant substitution lines was obtained from crossing the 7D substitution line with the recipient, and used to determine the number and chromosomal location of quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling antixenosis and antibiosis types of resistance. Antixenosis to RWA was significantly associated with marker loci Xpsr687 on 7DS, and Xgwm437 on 7DL. Antibiosis to greenbug was associated with marker loci Xpsr490, Rc3 (on 7DS), Xgwm44, Xgwm111, Xgwm437, Xgwm121 and D67 (on 7DL). Similarly, antibiosis to RWA was linked to loci Xpsr490, Rc3, Xgwm44, Xgwm437 and Xgwm121. At least two QTL in repulsion phase, one close to the centromere either on the 7DS or 7DL arms, and a second distal on 7DL could explain antibiosis to RWA and, partially, this mechanism against greenbug.
Variance component estimations and allocation of resources for breeding sweetpotato under East African conditions
Authors: Grüneberg W. J. , Abidin E. , Ndolo P. , Pereira C. A. , Hermann M. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractIn Africa, average sweetpotato storage root yields are low and breeding is considered to be an important factor in increasing production. The objectives of this study were to obtain variance component estimations for sweetpotato in this region of the world and then use these to determine the efficiency of variety trials and breeding systems. From an incomplete series of variety trials in Kenya and Uganda (comprising 15 genotypes, three locations, two crop durations and three seasons) variance components were estimated ‐ using the REML method ‐ for the following traits: storage root yield, biomass production, harvest index, storage root dry matter and the Elston index which was used to aggregate all four traits. The storage root yield of clones across all 12 environments ranged from 15.2 to 33.0 t/ha. The variance components were significant for all traits, except the genotype by season interactions for storage root dry matter. The efficiency of selection systems was determined for total test capacities of 450 and 900 plots and using not more than five locations. Two‐stage selection was 17‐81% more efficient than one‐stage selection after two seasons of testing. Two‐stage selection was optimized under the restriction of using at least two locations at step 1. Trials with two locations and one replication at step 1 and five locations and two replications at step 2 were appropriate both for selecting for storage root yield and for simultaneously selecting for storage root yield, biomass production, harvest index and storage root dry matter content by using the Elston index. There are indications that such an allocation of resources for breeding sweetpotato is also appropriate for other regions in Sub‐Saharan Africa.
Mapping quantitative trait loci and expressed sequence tags related to brown planthopper resistance in rice
Authors: Ren X. , Wang X. , Yuan H. , Weng Q. , Zhu L. , He G. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractTo map genes responsible for brown planthopper (BPH) resistance in rice, a rice genetic map was constructed based on a recombinant inbred line population from a cross between a BPH‐resistant line ‘B5’ and a susceptible variety ‘Minghui 63’. Four quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for BPH resistance were detected. ESTs differentially regulated by BPH feeding were isolated by suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH) and assigned to chromosomes based on RFLP mapping and searches of the rice genome database. The distribution of ESTs showed some clustering, and some ESTs are related to known QTLs and known BPH resistance genes. These findings suggest that the mapping of differentially induced ESTs may be a useful strategy for the identification of candidate plant defence genes, which could be beneficial in the development of a BPH‐resistant rice variety.
Comparative study of novel endoluminal ultrasonography and conventional transurethral ultrasonography in staging of bladder cancer
Authors: SAGA YUJI , NUMATA ATSUSHI , TOKUMITSU MASAYUKI , YAMAGUCHI SATOSHI , FUJII HIROMITSU , HASHIMOTO HIROSHI , KANEKO SHIGEO , YACHIKU SUNAO 
Published: July 2004

Abstract  Background:  Recent advances in ultrasonic techniques have improved the image quality and diagnostic accuracy for staging of bladder cancer. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and usefulness of endoluminal ultrasonography (ELUS) in staging of bladder cancer, and to compare them with those of conventional transurethral ultrasonography (TUUS).Methods:  From 2000 to 2002, 19 patients with bladder cancer were evaluated by ELUS and TUUS before transurethral resection or biopsy. Clinical staging using ELUS, TUUS, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was compared with the results of pathological staging.Results:  In 16 of 19 patients, both ELUS and TUUS were able to diagnose tumor stage. In the remaining three patients, both methods were unable to evaluate stage of tumor. In two of these patients, this inability to evaluate tumor state was caused by a difficulty in depicting the tumor base in rectangular scanning. In the remaining patient, the inability to evaluate tumor stage was caused by a difficulty in recognizing the normal muscularis because of edema around the tumor base. Both diagnostic accuracies of ELUS and TUUS were 84%, which were superior to those of CT (44%) and MRI (82%).Conclusions:  Endoluminal ultrasonography and TUUS were equally useful for staging diagnosis of bladder cancer. Because the ELUS probe is very small in diameter and can be manipulated under direct vision, it is superior to the TUUS in safety and in fine visualization. However, the main limitations of ELUS include an inability to evaluate the depth of invasion of large tumors and an inability to visualize the tumor base in the position of the bladder neck.
Evaluation of adding preoperative or postoperative rectal paracetamol to caudal bupivacaine for postoperative analgesia in children
Authors: Ozyuvaci Emine , Altan Aysel , Yucel Mehmet , Yenmez Kemal 
Published: July 2004

SummaryBackground : Our aim was to investigate whether effects of caudal analgesia could be extended by preoperative or postoperative rectal paracetamol administration in children undergoing surgical repair of hypospadias.Methods : The group consisted of 60 ASA I boys, aged 3–12 years, who were operated for surgical repair of hypospadias. The patients were randomized into three groups: patients in group I received rectal paracetamol (20–25 mg·kg−1) just before the operation. Group II received only caudal bupivacaine. Group III patients received rectal paracetamol (20–25 mg·kg−1) at the end of the operation. Pain was assessed by Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale (CHEOPS) and the degree of sedation was evaluated. During the first 24 h, time to the patients’ first analgesic requirement and the number of supplementary analgesics needed were recorded.Results : There was no difference between the demographic and haemodynamic data of the three groups. In addition, the duration of surgery and anaesthesia, pain scores and sedation scores of the groups were not significantly different.Conclusions : Addition of preoperative or postoperative rectal paracetamol in the doses used did not show an effect on the duration and intensity of postoperative analgesia obtained by caudal bupivacaine.
Anesthesia for proteus syndrome
Authors: Cekmen Nedim , Kordan AyŞegül Zengin , Tuncer Bilge , Gungor Irfan , Akcabay Mehmet 
Published: July 2004

SummaryProteus syndrome is a complex disorder comprising malformations and overgrowth of multiple tissues. The disorder is highly variable affecting tissues in a mosaic pattern. A 2‐year‐old boy with Proteus syndrome, with epidermal verrucal naevus, hyperplastic lesions of connective tissue, hyperostosis, overgrowth of tubular bones, bilateral inguinal hernia, and juvenile intestinal polyposis was scheduled for vertebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for further evaluation of malignancies. In addition to the pathological findings of this syndrome, potential complications such as difficult intubation, pulmonary hypertension, and pulmonary thromboembolism necessitate a careful preoperative and anesthetic preparation. MRI was performed under general anesthesia. There were no anesthetic complications. There are few previous reports on anesthesia in a patient with Proteus syndrome.
Symptom management for HIV‐positive persons in Norway
Authors: Bunch E. H. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractPurpose:  To record symptoms experienced by people with HIV/AIDS, and describe useful self‐care strategies and how symptoms impact on daily life.Method:  A questionnaire was used with self‐reported answers and descriptions of how symptoms impact on daily activities and suggestions for useful self‐care strategies. Four hundred and twenty‐two (n = 422) HIV‐positive persons from seven sites in the USA and one site in Norway (n = 20) answered the questionnaire.Results:  In this article subjective symptom descriptions from the Norwegian sample are presented along with self‐care strategies and their effectiveness. Findings revealed the Norwegian sample to be a little older, maybe less anxious and depressed, than participants in the larger study. This difference might be explained by the structure of the national social and health care system in Norway, where treatments, medications and social services are available to all citizens without cost. Respondents described a number of related symptoms as well as their subjective explanations of what triggered the symptoms. Most of the self‐care strategies were learnt by trial and error.Recommendations:  Community health providers, nurses and physicians should become more knowledgeable about the symptoms that infected persons struggle with, as well as the impact these symptoms have on routine daily self‐care activities and a person's quality of life. There is need for more research about helpful self‐care strategies to assist HIV‐positive persons to manage their symptoms and to disseminate these to community health providers and support groups for HIV infected persons.
Capital Controls, Risk, and Liberalization Cycles
Authors: Alfaro Laura , Kanczuk Fabio 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe paper presents an overlapping‐generations model where agents vote on whether to open or close the economy to international capital flows. Political decisions are shaped by the risk over capital and labor returns. In an open economy, the capitalists (old) completely hedge their savings income. In contrast, in a closed economy, the workers (young) partially insulate wages from the productivity shocks. There are three possible equilibrium outcomes: economies that eventually remain open; those that eventually remain closed; and those that cycle between open and closed. In line with the stylized facts, cycles are more common in economies with intermediate development levels.