bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonideal Theory and Content Externalism
Authors: Engelhardt Jeff 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This book examines the intersection of systemic oppression and philosophical methodology. Focusing on philosophical theories of mind and language, it makes the case that they tend to be systematically inaccurate because they abstract away from systemic oppression when they model society, but the phenomena they aim to describe, explain, and predict are in fact systematically influenced by oppression. In short, philosophers of mind/language have tended to think that oppression is either nonexistent or non-systemic, and this has rendered their theories systematically inaccurate. Moreover, it’s plausible that philosophers have tended to be ignorant of systemic oppression as a consequence of how oppression has influenced educational systems, legal systems, dominant ideology, and our language. In order to develop empirically adequate theories of mind and language, then, philosophers need to learn about and take into account systemic oppression and its effects. In addition to arguing for this general methodological point, the book illustrates it and shows the way forward, showing that two influential versions of content externalism are systematically inaccurate because they fail to recognize how oppression influences their explananda and explanantia. The book then introduces modifications that correct the systematic inaccuracies, thus demonstrating how to remedy inaccurate theories and the methodology that led to them. The book concludes with a consideration of how the arguments, conclusions, and modified theories presented in the book bear on philosophical discussions of epistemic injustice and conceptual engineering.
De-idealizing social externalism
Authors: Engelhardt Jeff 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter motivates and develops a de-idealization of social externalism. As developed by Tyler Burge, social externalism takes it that a term’s meaning and extension are determined by “dialectics” in which a language community determines how best to articulate a term’s appropriate applications (its extension) and its appropriate explication (its conventional meaning). Burge assumes that these dialectics won’t be influenced by social power; this chapter argues that they are systematically influenced by oppression. The chapter makes the case that oppression systematically influences which speakers defer to which others and which articulations are dismissed or taken seriously. Because Burge’s theory ignores the systematic influences of oppression, it is systematically inaccurate in its accounts of meanings, extensions, and the processes that determine them. The chapter outlines a de-idealized version of the theory that appeals to scholarship on oppression to correct for the relevant inaccuracies.
The Battlefront between the Youth Majority and Elite Minority
Authors: Thafer Dania 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Chapter 7 focuses on the battlefront for institutional economic reform between the elite minority and the youth majority. The business elite have pushed for a paradigm of state-society relations that has, ironically, led to the Gulf nations’ youth exercising their perceived political rights by protesting inequality, as witnessed during the Arab Spring. As a rule, the Gulf states were reluctant to substantively change their political structures in response to these youth-led movements. Instead, Gulf leadership focused on innovation-led economic development targeting their youthful human capital. However, if the systematic design in some Gulf states perpetuating the power of the top echelons of the business elite is not holistically addressed through political reforms, innovation-led economic reforms will remain elusive and creative insecurity will overshadow progress. The case studies demonstrate varied responses to private sector economic reforms based on the degree of business elite dominance, a pivotal variable that influences the fate of creative security.
No Country for the Young
Authors: Badi Emadeddin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Analyzing contemporary Libya through the prism of its youngest demographic makes it possible to discern the wider social and political transformations within its polity. This chapter builds on literatures pertaining to agency, social mobilization, war economies, and the legacies of wartime violence and mobilization. It details how Libyan youth are increasingly penetrating militarized spaces since the 2011 revolution. This dynamic is the result of a confluence of socio-political, economic, and security factors; more broadly, it is both reflective of a decline in the agency of post-revolutionary shabab (young men) and borne out of their attempt to reclaim it. The chapter assesses how declining agency has affected post-revolutionary generations of Libya’s youth, notably their political positioning, their prospects for empowerment and employment, and overall livelihood.
Women’s Changing Roles in Times of Conflict
Authors: Ibrahim Rima 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the evolving role of women in Libya following the 2011 uprising, which initially brought about increased liberation for women in public spaces. However, over the subsequent decade, women’s freedoms and roles faced growing restrictions due to societal responses to chronic insecurity. These responses included social control mechanisms and the imposition of boundaries between men and women in public spaces by armed groups, driven by moral and religious considerations, as well as by attempts to gain popularity and legitimacy. The chapter examines gender relations and regime policies before the revolution, highlighting a clash between women’s public presence and persisting gender stereotypes. It then explores the impact of violence, conflict, social control mechanisms, and conservative norms on the transformation of women’s roles, including with regard to restrictions on political participation, mobility, employment, education, and recreation. Despite restrictions, women actively participate in public spaces and take on expanded responsibilities in private spheres due to the fragile economic situation. The chapter also draws on personal observations to understand women’s experiences, focusing on urban society.
The War for Benghazi Violence, Paramilitarism and Social Rupturing, 2014–18
Authors: Wehrey Frederic 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The war for Benghazi from 2014 to 2018 had a transformative effect on security, politics, and society across Libya and within the city itself. Drawing on extensive fieldwork, this chapter offers a narrative history of the war that focuses on how violence transformed the landscape of social relations and security institutions in Benghazi. Often framed as a counter-terrorism operation launched by Khalifa Haftar to rid the eastern city of jihadists, the war was in fact an intensely personal, micro-level struggle between and within neighborhoods, imbued with inter- and intra-tribal, social- and even class-based cleavages, which were often deliberately stoked and harnessed by conflict actors, mostly on Haftar’s side. Emphasis is placed on the perpetrators of this social violence--in the form of forced displacement, attacks on homes and businesses, abductions, and extrajudicial killings--especially by neighborhood paramilitary forces known as the “support forces,” who played a crucial and underappreciated role in Haftar’s military victory. The chapter concludes with a consideration of the roles of these armed groups today, in both Benghazi society and in the security structure of Haftar’s rule.
The Link Between Old and New
Authors: Byala Sara 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Chapter Four examines instances where Coca-Cola protected its license to operate--including how it navigated the Arab boycott and centered itself in the Egypt–Israel peace deal--by creating mutually beneficial agreements, particularly important as Africans began to win their independence. This chapter shows the company’s focus on creating win-win situations by investigating both large- and small-scale agreements. These include a six-figure citrus deal and such ubiquitous activities as Coke-sponsored beauty pageants, parades, school contests, giveaways, and more. In sum, the chapter troubles the notion that the company profits more than it gives, suggesting that the capitalized--that is, people who participate in capitalist systems--are themselves agents capable of bending the will of a company.
Believe in Africa
Authors: Byala Sara 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Chapter Six explores three Coca-Cola endeavors meant to woo the hearts and minds of Africans at the dawn of the new millennium, centered around sport, marketing, and music as seen in countries across the continent. This chapter explores Coca-Cola’s long entanglement in sport, paying particular attention to its work with soccer and, in particular, unearthing the story of how Copa Coca-Cola came about. The chapter then explores Coca-Cola’s upbeat messaging around the new millennium as seen in advertisements, activations, promotions, and more. Finally, it explores how Coca-Cola has interacted with music, paying particular attention to its Coke Studio television show. In sum, the chapter shows how Coca-Cola has bent to the will of its consumers, all while spreading its reach and becoming local.
The Phases of Development
Authors: Kellerman Barbara 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Bad leadership develops into worse leadership in four phases. These phases are invariable and always occur in the same sequence. Moreover, each is worse than the one that preceded it. The point is that bad leadership is not static—it changes over time into something more deficient or even dreadful than it was before. The four phases are: Phase I, Onward and Upward; Phase II, Followers Join In; Phase III, Leaders Start In; and Phase IV, Bad to Worse. The use of phases to indicate change serves several purposes, including simplifying a process that otherwise is exceedingly complex, and clustering phenomena that otherwise seem randomly distributed. The chapter draws on the extreme example of Nazi Germany, specifically of Adolf Hitler and the German people in the 1930s and early 1940s, to illustrate the four phases, which will be amplified and exemplified in the four cases that follow.
Recep Tayyip Erdogan, President of Turkey
Authors: Kellerman Barbara 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Recep Tayyip Erdogan was prime minister of Turkey from 2003 to 2014. Since then, he has been president. During his two decades as leader of Turkey he evolved, in the predictable four phases, from democratic leader to autocratic one. From the vantage point of a liberal democrat, he transitioned from bad to worse. The chapter traces how this happened—how Erdogan was able to capitalize on the deficits of recent Turkish history, on the cleavages in his country, and on the unflagging loyalty of a large segment of the Turkish people to accumulate power not only to his party and to his government but to himself. All his political life, Erdogan lusted for power, Moreover, like all leaders who lust, even after he secured power he did what he could to obtain even more—whatever the implications for his followers.
Phase I: Onward and Upward
Authors: Kellerman Barbara 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
During the first phase of leadership from bad to worse, leaders paint a picture of a future boundlessly better than the past. It is a near-utopian vision of promises fulfilled and dreams realized. Good leaders avoid promising the spectacularly splendid. They steer clear of implying that they alone can save us from ourselves. Bad leaders, in contrast, present themselves as heroes, saviors, capable of greatness and even transcendence. They promise their followers a future that is a dreamscape in which every need will be met and every dream will come true. This chapter explores the implications of outsized ambitions, of visions that defy reality and imply not only superiority but grandiosity. It also provides a list of early warning signs, indicators warning of bad leadership begging to be intercepted early on. Martin Winterkorn, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Elizabeth Holmes, and Xi Jinping were leaders who reached for the moon and the stars.
The Audiovisual Turn
Authors: Kim Jihoon 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses several Korean documentary films since the 2010s that portray place and landscape related to Korea’s social reality or a personal or collective memory of its past, classifying their common trope as the “audiovisual turn.” The trope refers to the uses of poetic and aesthetic techniques to highlight the visual and auditory qualities of the images that mediate the landscape or place. This chapter argues that the films’ experiments with these techniques mark formal and epistemological breaks with the expository and participatory modes of the traditional Korean activist documentary, as they create an array of Deleuzian time-images in which a social place or natural landscape is reconfigured as the cinematic space liberated from a linear time and layered with the imbrication of the present and the past. The images, then, signal, the shift of understanding natural or built environments from hyŏnjang (spot) to “memoryscape”—a term that is used in memory studies as a synonym for the spaces and locales significant to people’s mnemonic relationship to the past. For this reason, the images are also read as updating the activist documentary’s commitment to politics and history, as they renew the viewer’s sensory and affective awareness of the place and landscape and thereby render them as ruins.
The Digital Turn
Authors: Kim Jihoon 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter maps out three forms of twenty-first-century Korean digital nonfiction film, “postdocumentary diversion,” “virtual reality (VR) documentary,” and “subjunctive documentary,” that attest to the expansion of Korean documentary cinema’s ways of expression. The chapter argues that a significant contribution of the three forms of digital documentary is widening the horizon of documentary practices and thereby multiplying their production of reality and truth in ways that are irreducible to the traditional activist mode and its emphasis on hyŏnjang (on-the-spot) realism. The films of “postdocumentary diversion” unearth or playfully satirize the profound ideological dimensions of the postauthoritarian Korean society with their rigorous employment of digital visual effects to manipulate existing media images or create animated sequences. VR documentaries augment the performative documentary’s emphasis on the subjective and embodied aspects of truth with their capacities to allow the viewer to be immersed in their simulated reality, to have an empathic relationship with its social actors, and to question the boundaries between truth and fiction. And finally, subjunctive documentaries, which involve computer-generated imagery and digital nonlinear editing to scientifically reconstruct reality beyond the camera’s record, aim to investigate and unveil truths of the Yongsan Massacre and the Sewol Ferry Disaster that have had profound impacts on contemporary Korean society.
The Quality of Thought
Authors: Pitt David 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This book develops and defends the thesis that thinking is a kind of experience, characterized by a sui generis phenomenology, and draws out the implications of this thesis for dominant views in philosophy of mind, philosophy of language and metaphysics. The view defended is radically internalist and intensionalist, and goes against received doctrines in philosophy of mind (externalism) and language (extensionalism). The book offers arguments for the thesis, refutations of classic externalism (Putnam and Burge), arguments that standard motivations for direct reference theories of names, indexicals and demonstratives are not inevitable, and alternative accounts of their (and their conceptual equivalents’) semantics. It also addresses outstanding challenges to the phenomenal intentionalist view of thought content, including the existence of unconscious thought, the elusiveness of conceptual phenomenology, the matching content problem, phenomenal compositionality, and the determination of conceptual reference.
On Newton On Time
Authors: Gryb Sean , Thébault Karim P. Y. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
According to Newton, time is ‘absolute, true, and mathematical’. There is a good basis to interpret ‘true’ here as involving a sense of universality or being defined globally throughout space. The assertion of a true time can be taken to be predicated upon the assumption that the ordering or chronordinal structure of time is dynamically absolute in the sense of not varying between universes that instantiate different sets of dynamical motions, and invariant in the sense of being not varying between universes that differ solely in virtue of the situation in time of the same set of dynamical motions. In Newtonian time, chronordinal structure is fixed structure. The posit of a ‘mathematical’ time can in turn be taken to indicate that there is a single time parameter with uniform metric structure: a chronometric structure of time. This temporal structure can then be assumed to be dynamically absolute but not invariant.
On Leibniz On Time
Authors: Gryb Sean , Thébault Karim P. Y. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The basic desiderata of a Leibnizian account of time are that chronometric and chronordinal structure will be determinate, invariant, and dynamically relative. This is because his metaphysics does not allow for the possibility for two universes to differ solely in virtue of the situation ‘in time’ of the same set of dynamical motions or two universes that involve the same sets of dynamical motions should involve the realization of distinct temporal structures. The Leibnizian metaphysics of time runs into two immediate problems, however. First, what determines the order of succession needed to fix the chronordinal, and second, what determines the duration measure needed to fix the ‘quantity of time’ between successive actual phenomenal states as needed for a functional system of mechanics.
Reparameterization Invariant Dynamics
Authors: Gryb Sean , Thébault Karim P. Y. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
For the subset of Jacobi theories where the metric is conformally flat there is always a dynamically privileged ephemeris time parameter that can be defined along a classical curve in terms of the fixed total energy of the system. There are available two importantly different interpretations of the modal status of the total energy constant. Under the first, total energy is interpreted as a constant of nature. The value of the total energy is thus the same for all dynamically possible models with the same token of the constitutive structure. Total energy is therefore a contingently fixed structure of the theory. Under the second, total energy is interpreted as a constant of motion. The value of the total energy is then a free function of the initial data and thus can vary between dynamically possible models with the same token of the constitutive structure.
Resistance and Diplomacy in Occupied Europe
Authors: Piffer Tommaso 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
After the Soviet pact with Hitler in August 1939, the international communist movement had to adapt to the new course of Soviet foreign policy, scrapping common fronts with the other antifascist forces and focusing the firepower of its propaganda against the Western democracies. When the war finally broke out in September, the European communist parties did nothing to oppose the German invasion of their countries. In the meantime, it was the British who tried to light the fire of rebellion against the Germans in occupied Europe. In a desperate military position, Britain was in search of allies against Nazi Germany, and hoped that aggressive resistance movements would weaken German military capabilities on the continent. In 1940, after the fall of France, they created a new secret organization to stimulate subversion and guerrilla groups on the continent: the Special Operations Executive (SOE).
Introspection
Authors: Spener Maja 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This book is about introspection and its use in scientific theorising about the mind. It deals with two connected questions: What is introspection? Does introspection deliver theoretically valuable information about the mind? There is a long history in philosophy and psychology of using introspection to gather data about the mind. Introspection is often held to constitute our best and only direct access to consciousness and hence to be essential to any investigation of the conscious mind. Equally longstanding and widespread, however, are critical concerns that introspection is highly susceptible to interference, which, together with its privacy, renders it unreliable as a source of data about the mind. A major aim of this book is to provide an understanding of introspection that clarifies its epistemic importance in theorising about the mind. In particular, seemingly overwhelming concerns about the reliability of introspection are transformed into something methodologically more tractable. Central to the approach put forward in the book is the distinction between introspection as inquiry and introspection as mental capacity – between introspective method and introspective access. The first part of the book articulates, defends, and applies a historically motivated, novel framework for the systematic assessment of the potential and limitations of introspective methods. The second part develops a composite pluralism about introspective access, showing how different modes of introspective access fit into the common sense and scientific pictures of our minds. Key to this pluralist account is the explanatory role introspection plays in our agency.
The Animalistic Origins of Privacy
Authors: Véliz Carissa 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Most human needs have roots in animal needs. That is, most of the elements that are necessary for human beings to enjoy an acceptable level of wellbeing are also necessary for many non-human animals—especially for those who are evolutionarily close to us. Just like us, chimps and pigs need a certain amount of food and water, as well as sleep, and positive social interactions. In this chapter, I suggest that privacy is a need that we share with other animals, which suggests that it is not a cultural invention or a modern frill. I discuss four traits that are related to privacy and can be observed in human and non-human animals alike: the need to withdraw from others, the ability to deceive, the desire to save face, and the tendency to feel uncomfortable when others stare.