bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Awareness of Cardiovascular Health among Adults Residing in a Municipality in Kathmandu District, Nepal
Authors: Subedee Samiksha , Sharma Muna 
Published: November 2023

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of high disability adjusted life years and premature death, accounting disability among 43% of cases. If there is public awareness, most of the cardiovascular diseases can be prevented with modification of behavioral risk factors. Therefore, this study was conducted to find out the peoples’ awareness on cardiovascular health.
Methods: A cross-sectional design was used. Data was collected using an in-person interview technique among randomly selected 236 adults residing in Budhanilkantha Municipality of Kathmandu District. Semi-structured interview schedule based on WHO Stepwise approach and literature review was used to collect data. Data analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, median, Inter Quartile Range) and inferences were drawn with an application of the chi-square test, and Fisher’s exact test.
Results: Among 236 participants, most (85.6%) of the adults had an adequate level of awareness regarding cardiovascular health. However, around 80% of them were unaware of radiating pain as a symptom of heart attack and around 40% of adults did not recognize high blood sugar and dyslipidemia as risk factors of cardiovascular disease. Awareness of cardiovascular health was significantly associated with educational level (p<0.001), ethnicity (p=0.021), self-reported morbidities (p=0.044) and family history of morbidities (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Although adults were aware of cardiovascular health, most of them did not know that control of blood sugar and blood cholesterol are necessary to maintain cardiovascular health. Hence, awareness programs targeting these aspects would be beneficial.
Knowledge and Attitude on Substance Abuse among Higher Secondary Schools Adolescents in Kathmandu District
Authors: Neupane Sharmila , Darshandhari Gayetri 
Published: November 2023

Background: Substance abuse creates a great threat to the health, social and economic condition of individual, family, community and to the nation. In the past two decades’ abuse of substances is an important public health concern especially among adolescent which creates tremendous burden on society. So, researchers were interested to assess the knowledge and attitude of adolescents on substance abuse in higher secondary schools of Kathmandu district.
Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used to assess the knowledge and attitude of adolescence on substance abuse. At first seven school and colleges was selected by the probability simple random sampling technique with 630 sample studying management and humanities. Data collection was done through self-administered questionnaire.
Results: More than half (59.2%) respondents have poor knowledge whereas only 8.6% have good level of knowledge on substance abuse, as only few have good level of knowledge on substance abuse. There is significant association between the level of knowledge with age group (p value 0.011), Sex (p value 0.001), Ethnicity (p value 0.001), type of family (p value 0.001) and father’s education (p value 0.027) mother’s education (p value 0.009), father occupation (p value 0.036), and relationship between parents (p value 0.01).
Conclusion: More than half respondents have poor knowledge whereas only 8.6% have good level of knowledge on substance abuse. Though awareness campaigns exist in the country, but findings of this study suggest that still these activities need to be made more strengthen in order to make aware to the youth.
Formulation and Evaluation of Fast Disintegrating Tablets of Ondansetron Using Natural Superdisintegrants
Authors: Maharjan Asha , HS Keerthy , Gururaj S. Kulkarni , FR Sheeba , Khadka Sitaram 
Published: November 2023

Background: Fast disintegrating tablet (FDT) of ondansetron has better patient compliance as it is easy to swallow for the treatment of nausea and vomiting. Moreover, fast absorption, rapid onset, reduced loss of drugs, and enhanced bioavailability are making oral dispersible systems a better drug delivery system. This research was conducted with the objective to formulate and evaluate the oral FDT of ondansetron HCl using natural polymers.
Methods: The tablets were formulated employing the direct compression technique using different ratios of natural super disintegrants such as spray-dried banana powder, ispaghula husk powder, and combination of both polymers. The developed powders were subjected to the pre-compression parameters and the powders were punched using a single-head rotatory compression machine. The formulated 200 mg tablets were subjected to post-compression evaluation.
Results: The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy studies showed no chemical interaction between pure drugs, natural super disintegrants, and other excipients. Formulation F6 containing ispaghula husk powder in a 1:4 ratio demonstrated 98.60±0.003% of drug release within 10 minutes indicating the best formulation.
Conclusion: FDT of ondansetron was considered the best formulation in the drug delivery system which followed the Higuchi model with the Fickian release.
Knowledge on Malaria and Health Seeking Behavior among the People of Belauri Municipality of Nepal: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Paudel Ashok Kumar , Chhetri Muni Raj , Panta Prem Prasad , Luintel Rashmi , BC Sandhya 
Published: November 2023

Background: Malaria infection is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes and 247 million cases of malaria in 2021, an increase from 245 million cases in 2020. The objective of the study was to assess the level of knowledge and health seeking behavior on malaria among the people of Belauri Municipality of Nepal.
Method: A Cross-sectional descriptive study was done among randomly selected 387 households. Head of the households were the respondents for face to face interview. Pretested and validated tool was used for data collection. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20 used for data analysis. Percentages, frequency, bivariate and multivariate analysis has been to measure the distribution and level of association.
Results: Overall knowledge about symptoms of malaria was good among 57.9% and who possessed a good understanding of malaria symptoms tended to seek treatment from modern health facilities during a malaria fever. Of these individuals, 43.8% sought treatment from public health facilities, while 32.7% sought treatment from private health facilities, resulting in a total of 76.5% seeking treatment from modern health facilities. However, the analysis found that the level of knowledge regarding malaria symptoms was not statistically significant (p=0.13) in relation to health-seeking behavior.
Conclusions: For success of malaria prevention, programs should be designed to increase level of knowledge and also the translation of knowledge domain into appropriate health care seeking behavior in malaria fever.
Pemikiran Fiqh Imam Ja’far Asshiddiq
Authors: Nurdin Safriadi 
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini mengangkat tentang pemikiran fiqh Imam Ja’far Asshiddiq (melacak perkembangan mazhab ja’fariyah). Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan penelitian kepustakaan (library research), dan pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan mengkaji buku dan kitab tentang Fiqh Ja’fari, ushul fiqh Ja’fariyah dijadikan sebagai bahan primer, dan buku-buku yang lainnya yang berhubungan dengan pembahasan penelitian ini sebagai bahan sekunder, sehingga pola ini berbentuk kualitatif. Di samping itu, analisa yang penulis gunakan adalah analisis deskriptif. Dari hasil penelitian ini ditemukan kesimpulan bahwa Imam Ja’far Asshadiq merupakan pendiri dari mazhab Ja’fariyah. ia dilahirkan pada tahun 80 Hijriyah dan diwafatkan pada tahun 148 Hijriyah. Pemberian gelar Imam dan Shadiq kepadanya dikarenakan: Pertama, Imam Ja’far dikenal dengan orang yang benar-benar shadiq, jujur dalam ucapannya dan perbuatannya, tidak dikenal dari diri Ja`far selain sifat shidq (jujur, benar). Kedua, karena kedalaman dan keluasan ilmunya. Sedangkan sumber hukum mazhab ini adalah Al-qur’an, Sunnah, Ijma’, dan Akal. Dalam hal fiqh, mazhab ini sangat dekat dengan hanya 17 perbedaan saja dengan fiqh ahli sunnah (Hanafiyah, Malikiyah, Syafi’iyah, dan Hambaliyah). Salah satunya yang paling utama adalah masalah menghalalkan nikah mut'ah. Ahlussunnah seluruhnya sepakat bahwa nikah mut'ah itu haram dan tidak ada bedanya dengan zina.
Eksistensi Fiqh Dalam Konteks Siyasah Kekinian
Authors: Muhammad Muhammad  
Published: November 2023

Lahirnya undang-undang yang memberikan hak istimewa kepada pemerintah Aceh untuk menjalankan rumah tangga pemerintahan sendiri. Para pemimpin di Aceh bisa memasukkan aturan syariat kedalam aturan daerah dengan cara membuat rancangan Qanun yang sesuai dengan landasan Fiqh. Kewenangan Pemerintah Aceh untuk mengatur pelaksanaan atau penyelenggaraan otonomi khusus telah tesebut dalam UU No. 18 Tahun 2001, Pemerintah Aceh bisa menuangkan hak otonomi tersebut kedalam Qanun. Implementasi syariat Islam di Aceh merupakan suatu yang spesial pada masa modern. Penelitian ini berjudul Eksistensi Fiqh Dalam Konteks Siyasah Kekinian (Studi Kasus Penerapan Qanun Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 Tentang Hukum Jinayat Di Aceh). Permasalahan yang ingin diteliti dalam penelitian ini ialah tentang rumusan Fiqh yang terdapat dalam isi sebuah qanun yang telah ditetapkan dalam pemerintahan Aceh khususnya Qanun Jinayat. Penelitian juga untuk menilik seberapa besarnya Fiqh dalam penerapan sebuah Qanun. Permasalahan dalam Risalah ini ialah 1). Bagaimana eksistensi Fiqih dalam qanun nomor 6 tahun 2014 tetang jinayah? dan 2). Apakah Penerapan Qanun nomor 6 tahun 2014 tetang Jinayah sudah sesuai dengan qaidah Fiqh ?. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yang bersifat Kualitatif dan menggunakan metode Penelitian pustakan (Library Search), dimana teknik dan sumber data utama ialah melalui pengumpulan dan pengkajian pada kitab atau buku dan dipadukan dengan hasil data tambahan seperti Jurnal atau makalah yang serupa. Dalam penelitian ini menghasilkan bahwa eksistensi hukum islam dalam konteks siyasah kekinian semakin terlihat jelas dalam pemerintahan Aceh meskipun ada juga beberapa hukum yang masih jauh dari kontek hukum Islam. Kita juga dapat mengeahui bahwa penerapan Qanun jinayat di Aceh sudah relevan dengan kaidah Fiqh. Hal ini dapat kita lihat pada praktek hukum yang diterapkan pada Qanun jinayat yang mengikuti ketentuan Fiqh meskipun masih terdapat beberapa poin hukum atau kasus yang masih belum menyentuh dengan norma kaidah Fiqh.
A Vaccination-Socialization SIR Model for Covid-19: Lessons Learned from the Pandemic
Authors: Cheddie Denver F. 
Published: November 2023

Background: Modified SIR models have been effective in simulating the spread of Covid-19 and predicting various phenomena associated with the pandemic.
Aims: This paper presents a vaccination-socialization model to determine the relative effects of vaccination and increased socialization among the vaccinated. The objective is to determine whether the disease is spread more so by the presence of the unvaccinated or by increased social activity among the vaccinated.
Methodology: To accomplish this, the SIR model is modified to include 9 compartments and 3 sub-populations. The resulting system of differential equations is solved in Matlab’s programming language using the 4th order Runge-Kutta method.
Results: The results show that the concept of a safe-zone in which vaccinated persons can increase their social activity only applies if the vaccine effectiveness is very high.
Cost Savings and Waste Reduction Through Redispensing Unused Oral Anticancer Drugs
Authors: Smale Elisabeth M. , van den Bemt Bart J. F. , Heerdink Eibert R. , Desar Ingrid M. E. , Egberts Toine C. G. , Bekker Charlotte L. ,   ROAD Study Group, de Bruin Anneloes , van Vlijmen Bas , Burger Desirée , Balk Thijs 
Published: November 2023

ImportanceNew strategies targeting waste are required to improve financial and ecologic sustainability of expensive therapies, such as oral anticancer drugs, that frequently remain unused by patients. Redispensing unused oral anticancer drugs seems to be a promising strategy when drug quality is guaranteed.ObjectivesTo determine the waste reduction and net cost savings attained by redispensing oral anticancer drugs that go unused by patients compared with the standard practice of disposal.Design, Settings, and ParticipantsThe ROAD study was a prospective single-group intervention conducted in the outpatient pharmacies of 4 hospitals in the Netherlands from February 1, 2021, to February 1, 2023, with 12-month follow-up of each patient. Patients with cancer and who had a prescription for an oral anticancer drug that could be stored at room temperature were included. Of 2426 eligible patients, 602 did not consent and 601 did not respond. Data analyses were performed from August 25, 2022, to April 19, 2023.InterventionParticipants received oral anticancer drugs for use at home in special packaging (ie, sealed packaging with time-temperature indicator), to be returned to the pharmacy should these remain unused. The pharmacy ensured quality of returned drugs based on authenticity, appearance, remaining shelf life and adequate storage temperature. Drugs fulfilling quality requirements were redispensed to other patients.Main Outcome and MeasureTotal waste reduction and mean net annual cost savings per patient compared with the standard practice of disposal. Optimization of cost savings was explored by introducing variations in the quality assurance procedure and patient population. All analyses used the average exchange rate for 2021 €1 = US $1.18.ResultsOf 1223 patients with cancer who consented, 1071 participated (median [IQR] age, 70 [62-75] years; 622 [58.1%] were male). In all, 171 patients (16.0%; 95% CI, 13.8%-18.3%) returned 335 unused oral anticancer drug packages. Of the returned drugs, 228 packages were redispensed, which reduced waste by 68.1% (95% CI, 67.7%-68.5%) compared with the standard practice (disposal). Redispensing unused oral anticancer drugs comprised 2.4% (95% CI, 2.2%-2.5%) of total drug costs, providing mean net annual cost savings of US $680 (95% CI, $524-$837) up to $1591 (95% CI, $1226-$2002) per participant.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this multicenter intervention study indicate that redispensing unused oral anticancer drugs is associated with waste reduction and cost savings, which in turn may improve the affordability and sustainability of cancer treatment.Trial RegistrationWorld Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform Identifier: NL9208
Instant‐in‐Air Liquid Metal Printed Ultrathin Tin Oxide for High‐Performance Ammonia Sensors
Authors: Nguyen Chung Kim , Taylor Patrick D. , Zavabeti Ali , Alluhaybi Hamidah , Almalki Samira , Guo Xiangyang , Irfan Mehmood , Kobaisi Mohammad Al , Ippolito Samuel J. , Spencer Michelle J.S. , Balendhran Sivacarendran , Roberts Ann , Daeneke Torben , Crozier Kenneth B. , Sabri Ylias , Syed Nitu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLiquid metal‐based printing techniques are emerging as an exemplary platform for harvesting non‐layered 2D materials with a thickness down to a few nanometres, leading to an ultra‐large surface‐area‐to‐volume ratio that is ideal for sensing applications. In this work, the synthesis of 2D tin dioxide (SnO2) by exfoliating the surface oxide of molten tin is reported which highlights the enhanced sensing capability of the obtained materials to ammonia (NH3) gas is reported. It is demonstrated that amperometric gas sensors based on liquid metal‐derived 2D SnO2 nanosheets can achieve excellent NH3 sensing performance at low temperature (150 °C) with and without UV light assistance. Detection over a wide range of NH3 concentrations (5–500 ppm) is observed, revealing a limit of detection at the parts per billion (ppb) level. The 2D SnO2 nanosheets also feature excellent cross‐interference performance toward different organic and inorganic gas species, showcasing a high selectivity. Further, ab initio DFT calculations reveal the NH3 adsorption mechanism is dominated by chemisorption with a charge transfer into 2D SnO2 nanosheets. In addition, a proof of concept for prototype flexible ammonia sensors is demonstrated by depositing 2D SnO2 on a polyimide substrate, signifying the high potential of employing liquid metal printed SnO2 for realizing wearable gas sensors.
Nanomesh‐YOLO: Intelligent Colorimetry E‐Skin Based on Nanomesh and Deep Learning Object Detection Algorithm
Authors: Chen Hongyu , Xu Siye , Liu Haidong , Liu Chang , Liu Houfang , Chen Jiyang , Huang Hexiang , Gong Haoyu , Wu Jingzhi , Tang Hao , Luo Jinan , Wen Baohua , Zhou Jianhua , Qiao Yancong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPerspiration is an important physiological process that maintains thermal homeostasis and water–salt balance. However, the collection and analysis of perspiration currently rely on microfluidic technology and colorimetric assays. The complexity and high cost of fabricating microfluidic channels and the insecurity of chemical reagents for color reactions should be optimized. In this work, a colorimetry electronic skin (e‐skin) for intelligent perspiration monitoring has been realized. The colorimetry e‐skin system consists of the polyurethane (PU) nanomesh and the object detection algorithm You Only Look Once version 3 (YOLOv3). Due to the 44% porosity of the PU nanomesh and capillary action, the low‐cost PU nanomesh (<1 cent) can be used as the colorimetric indicator. The volume of the PU nanomesh expands to 362.37% as a result of perspiration being absorbed and changes the optical transmittance (up to 277.78%). A finite element model based on capillary action has been proposed to explain the change in optical transmittance. Finally, a database containing 735 images has been built, and the object detection algorithm YOLOv3 is used to analyze the perspiration absorbed by the PU nanomesh. The detection results can identify the perspiration volume with a high accuracy of 97%. These results show that this work has great potential in healthcare field.
Targeting Hypoxic Tumor Plasticity for Recapturing Photodynamic‐Immunotherapy Sensitivity via Fluorinated Polysensitizers
Authors: Zhang Lingpu , Tang Lin , Yu Changyuan , Xiao Haihua , Liu Chaoyong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMetabolic reprogramming is a key characteristics of tumor cells, mainly manifested by abnormal metabolism and tumor hypoxia. Here, the design of PolyFBODIPY characterized by the presence of BODIPY photosensitizers, fluorinated aliphatic chains as Oxygen affinity materials, and reactive oxygen species‐sensitive thioketal linkers is reported. PolyFBODIPY subsequently self‐assembles into NP@PolyFBODIPY which is capable of delivering oxygen and photosensitizers simultaneously and generating ROS under light irradiation, resulting in rapid polymer degradation and nanoparticle dissociation via breaking ROS‐sensitive thiol ketal linkers. NP@PolyFBODIPY can target hypoxic tumor plasticity to reprogram metabolism for recapturing photodynamic‐immunotherapy sensitivity for completely inhibiting tumor growth on multi‐drug‐resistant patient‐derived lung cancer xenografts (PDXMDR). Moreover, NP@PolyFBODIPY‐mediated photodynamic‐immunotherapy activates antitumor immune responses and effectively inhibits tumor growth and lung metastasis on an orthotropic metastatic triple‐negative breast cancer model. Mechanistically, metabolomics and lipidomics analysis reveals that NP@PolyFBODIPY‐mediated photodynamic‐immunotherapy not only destroys the redox state of cancer cells, but also affects the metabolism of lipid, amino acid, and d‐glutamine, thereby finally promoting autophagy and apoptosis and inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells. These results highlight the potential of clinical translation of NP@PolyFBODIPY in targeting hypoxic tumor plasticity via oxygen supply, which reprograms the cellular metabolism for recapturing photodynamic‐immunotherapy sensitivity.
P. pavoninus‐Inspired Smart Slips Marine Antifouling Coating Based on Coumarin: Antifouling Durability and Adaptive Adjustability of Lubrication
Authors: Tong Zheming , Guo Hongyu , Di Zhigang , Chen Sifan , Song Lina , Hu Jiankun , Hou Yang , Zhan Xiaoli , Zhang Qinghua 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSlippery liquid‐infused porous surface (SLIPS) is received widespread attention in the antifouling field because of its dynamic slippery surface, but the limited effect of physical “anti‐adherence” and the problem of lubricant loss restrict its application for practical marine antifouling. Inspired by the self‐defensive function of P. pavoninus’s poisonous mucus, a SLIPS based on the reversible chemical bonds and the antibacterial effect of coumarin (CmSLIPS) is prepared, which addresses these disadvantages by responsively adaptive lubricity and durability. The CmSLIPS enables the “locking” and “unlocking” mode between lubricant and matrix via the reversible photodimerization of coumarin. It regulates the surface lubricity to adapt to the antifouling demand. The reversible chemical bonds of lubricant and matrix reduce lubricant loss and enhance the lubricant stability and antifouling durability. In addition to the physical anti‐adhesive barrier of SLIPS, the excellent antimicrobial property of coumarin groups further enhances the “biocidal” antifouling effect to improve long‐term antifouling durability. In summary, the CmSLIPS has surface stability, durability, responsively adaptive lubricity, efficient self‐cleaning, anti‐protein, anti‐bacterial, anti‐algae, self‐healing (92.85%) properties and 150‐day marine field antifouling performance during boom seasons, which maintains the satisfactory antifouling performance in the harsh marine environment and demonstrates the promising application in neritic sea equipment.
The Role of 3D Printing Technologies in Soft Grippers
Authors: Xin Yangyang , Zhou Xinran , Bark Hyunwoo , Lee Pooi See 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSoft grippers are essential for precise and gentle handling of delicate, fragile, and easy‐to‐break objects, such as glassware, electronic components, food items, and biological samples, without causing any damage or deformation. This is especially important in industries such as healthcare, manufacturing, agriculture, food handling, and biomedical, where accuracy, safety, and preservation of the objects being handled are critical. This article reviews the use of 3D printing technologies in soft grippers, including those made of functional materials, nonfunctional materials, and those with sensors. 3D printing processes that can be used to fabricate each class of soft grippers are discussed. Available 3D printing technologies that are often used in soft grippers are primarily extrusion‐based printing (fused deposition modeling and direct ink writing), jet‐based printing (polymer jet), and immersion printing (stereolithography and digital light processing). The materials selected for fabricating soft grippers include thermoplastic polymers, UV‐curable polymers, polymer gels, soft conductive composites, and hydrogels. It is conclude that 3D printing technologies revolutionize the way soft grippers are being fabricated, expanding their application domains and reducing the difficulties in customization, fabrication, and production.