bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Symbolic-Regression Aided Development of a New Cubic Equation of State for Improved Liquid Phase Density Calculation at Pressures Up to 100 MPa
Authors: Yang Xiaoxian , Frotscher Ophelia , Richter Markus 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
For over a century, cubic equations of state (EoS) have been used to calculate density and phase equilibria of pure fluids and mixtures. Despite a century’s development with hundreds of resulting cubic EoS, their accuracy in liquid phase density calculations is still unsatisfactory. In this work, a new cubic EoS was developed to improve the accuracy of liquid phase density calculation while keeping similar accuracy of other properties. The new cubic EoS, named YFR (Yang-Frotscher-Richter) EoS, was developed based on the functional form of the Patel–Teja (PT) EoS [p = RT/(v − b) − a/(v(v + b) + c(v − b)]. In the PT EoS, parameters b and c are linked to an empirical critical compressibility factor ξ
c, and all these three parameters are constants for a pure fluid. By contrast, in the YFR EoS, ξ
c, b, and c are functions of temperature, and the equations describing this dependency were developed with symbolic regression. This is the key to improving liquid phase density calculation, although it leads to thermodynamic inconsistencies at high pressures. The application range of the new cubic EoS is thus limited to pressures up to 100 MPa. The YFR EoS was developed using nearly all pure fluids available in NIST’s REFPROP 10.0 database, with reference values computed with REFPROP. The average of the absolute value of relative deviations (AARD) of liquid phase densities calculated with the YFR EoS from reference values is approximately 2 %, compared to 3 % when using the Patel–Teja–Valderrama (PTV) EoS and 6 % when using the Peng-Robinson (PR) EoS. The YFR EoS has been implemented in our self-developed OilMixProp 1.0 software package.
Keratin/chitosan film promotes wound healing in rats with combined radiation-wound injury
Authors: Wang Yu-mei , Xin Tong , Deng Hao , Chen Jie , Tang Shen-lin , Liu Li-sheng , Chen Xiao-liang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Human hair keratin, a natural protein derived from human hair, has emerged prominently in the field of wound repair, showcasing its unique regenerative capabilities and extensive application potential. However, it is a challenge for the keratin to efficiently therapy the impaired wound healing, such as combined radiation-wound injury. Here, we report a keratin/chitosan (KRT/CS) film for skin repair of chronic wounds in in rats with combined radiation-wound injury. In brief, the KRT/CS film was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical property analysis, water absorption, and swelling analysis. A rat model of combined radiation-wound injury was employed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of the KRT/CS film. Finally, the systemic biotoxicity of KRT/CS film was assessed through histological analysis. The surface of KRT/CS film was uniform and smooth compared with the KRT film, and the mechanical property, swelling rate and water absorption rate of KRT/CS film were significantly improved, which can meet the application requirements of wound excipient dressing. Furthermore, the combined radiation-wound injury in rats was established that the wound closure rate was achieved 74.46% after 14 days of treatment with KRT/CS film, comparing to the single KRT membrane and commercially available Band-Aids. Histological analysis demonstrated that the amount of angiogenesis and collagen deposition in wounds treated with KRT/CS were significantly improved. These findings demonstrate the KRT/CS film as a promising therapeutic agent for combined radiation-wound injury.

Graphical Abstract
The gender pay gap at the early stages of academic careers
Authors: Magda Iga , Bieliński Jacek , Feldy Marzena , Knapińska Anna 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The number of countries that have devoted time and attention to establishing gender equality regulations in academia is increasing. However, various studies indicate that women remain underrepresented among tenured faculty and in senior positions, and that female academic staff earn less than male ones. The reasons for these gaps, in particular those specific to academia, remain unclear. This article analyzes Polish female and male PhD graduates to measure the pay gap between them and its progression over time. The article studies the sources of the pay gap, with a special focus on parenthood. It draws on a dataset that covers the entire population of PhD holders who were awarded their degrees and were hired at any Polish university between 2014 and 2018. The study’s results reveal that despite equal pay regulations, a relatively narrow (3–5%) but stable adjusted gender pay gap already exists among early-career academics who do not have children, and that the gap widens considerably when income from outside academia (6–11%) is considered. Basic incomes of mothers in academia are 18–20% lower than those of nonmothers. A substantial fatherhood wage premium (33–37%) arises when all sources of income are considered. Academia is not necessarily an equal workplace.
An Autoethnographic Account of Familial Mediterranean Fever: A Turkish Patient’s Discovery of Spiritual Meaning
Authors: Yuksel Cigdem 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is a genetic autoinflammatory disorder characterized by recurrent febrile episodes that are accompanied by pain in the abdomen, chest, or joints caused by peritonitis, pleuritis, skin lesions, arthritis, and pericarditis. This original article aims to provide an analytic autoethnographic account of a Turkish patient’s experience of FMF, with a focus on the discovery of spiritual meaning. In addition to discussing the grief reactions to a loss of health, the article uses self-reflexive discourse and narrative-based analysis to explore four stages of discovery of spiritual meaning through FMF: “omnipotent me,” “God’s punishment,” “God’s test,” and “God’s mercy.” The article provides an in-depth look at the experience of FMF, a chronic and lifelong disease, through a spiritual lens and offers suggestions for mental health professionals and rheumatologists providing holistic treatment to FMF patients that might improve treatment adherence.
A Globalization of L-BFGS and the Barzilai–Borwein Method for Nonconvex Unconstrained Optimization
Authors: Mannel Florian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We present a modified limited memory BFGS (L-BFGS) method that converges globally and linearly for nonconvex objective functions. Its distinguishing feature is that it turns into L-BFGS if the iterates cluster at a point near which the objective is strongly convex with Lipschitz gradients, thereby inheriting the outstanding effectiveness of the classical method. These strong convergence guarantees are enabled by a novel form of cautious updating, where, among others, it is decided anew in each iteration which of the stored pairs are used for updating and which ones are skipped. In particular, this yields the first modification of cautious updating for which all cluster points are stationary while the spectrum of the L-BFGS operator is not permanently restricted, and this holds without Lipschitz continuity of the gradient. In fact, for Wolfe–Powell line searches we show that continuity of the gradient is sufficient for global convergence, which extends to other descent methods. Since we allow the memory size to be zero in the globalized L-BFGS method, we also obtain a new globalization of the Barzilai–Borwein spectral gradient (BB) method. The convergence analysis is developed in Hilbert space under comparably weak assumptions and covers Armijo and Wolfe–Powell line searches. We illustrate the theoretical findings with numerical experiments. The experiments indicate that if one of the parameters of the cautious updating is chosen sufficiently small, then the modified method agrees entirely with L-BFGS/BB. We also discuss this in the theoretical part. An implementation of the new method is available on arXiv.
Adapting performance metrics for ordinal classification to interval scale: length matters
Authors: Binotto Giulia , Delgado Rosario 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In the field of supervised machine learning, accurate evaluation of classification models is a critical factor for assessing their performance and guiding model selection. This paper delves into the domain of ordinal classification and raises the question of adapting ordinal metrics to the interval scale. In scenarios where measurements are recorded at intervals, not only the order but also their length assume significance, and this promotes the adoption of novel performance metrics. Initially, we revisit two existing confusion matrix-based ordinal metrics and introduce a normalization technique to render them comparable and enhance their practical utility. We extend our focus to classification by intervals, proposing a robust framework for adapting ordinal metrics to the interval scale, and applying it to the aforementioned ordinal metrics. We address the challenge of unbounded rightmost intervals, a common issue in practical applications, from both theoretical and simulation perspectives, by providing a solution that enhances the applicability of the proposed metrics. To further explore practical implications, we conducted experiments on real-world datasets. The results reveal a promising trend in the use of interval-scale metrics to guide hyper-parameter tuning for improving model performance.
De-biased two-sample U-statistics with application to conditional distribution testing
Authors: Chen Yuchen , Lei Jing 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In some high-dimensional and semiparametric inference problems involving two populations, the parameter of interest can be characterized by two-sample U-statistics involving some nuisance parameters. In this work we first extend the framework of one-step estimation with cross-fitting to two-sample U-statistics, showing that using an orthogonalized influence function can effectively remove the first order bias, resulting in asymptotically normal estimates of the parameter of interest. As an example, we apply this method and theory to the problem of testing two-sample conditional distributions, also known as strong ignorability. When combined with a conformal-based rank-sum test, we discover that the nuisance parameters can be divided into two categories, where in one category the nuisance estimation accuracy does not affect the testing validity, whereas in the other the nuisance estimation accuracy must satisfy the usual requirement for the test to be valid. We believe these findings provide further insights into and enhance the conformal inference toolbox.
From passersby to placemaking: designing autonomous vehicle-pedestrian encounters for an urban shared space
Authors: Wang Yiyuan , Tomitsch Martin , Hoggenmüeller Marius , Wijenayake Senuri , Yan Wai , Hespanhol Luke 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Autonomous vehicles (AVs) tend to disrupt the atmosphere and pedestrian experience in urban shared spaces, undermining the focus of these spaces on people and placemaking. We investigate how external human-machine interfaces (eHMIs) supporting AV-pedestrian interaction can be extended to consider the characteristics of an urban shared space. Inspired by urban HCI, we devised three place-based eHMI designs that (i) enhance a conventional intent eHMI and (ii) exhibit content and physical integration with the space. In an evaluation study, 25 participants experienced the eHMIs in an immersive simulation of the space via virtual reality and shared their impressions through think-aloud, interviews, and questionnaires. Results showed that the place-based eHMIs had a notable effect on influencing the perception of AV interaction, including aspects like visual aesthetics and sense of reassurance, and on fostering a sense of place, such as social interactivity and the intentionality to coexist. In measuring qualities of pedestrian experience, we found that perceived safety significantly correlated with user experience and affect, including the attractiveness of eHMIs and feelings of pleasantness. The paper opens the avenue for exploring how eHMIs may contribute to the placemaking goals of pedestrian-centric spaces and improve the experience of people encountering AVs within these environments.
Examining the effectiveness of targeted morphological instructions on reading outcomes: a randomized controlled trial involving Chinese EFL learners
Authors: Yeung Susanna Siu-sze , Qiao Shen , Law Tammy Sheung Ting , Savage Robert 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated the overall effectiveness of morphological interventions in enhancing word reading and reading comprehension. However, the specific practices within these morphological interventions vary significantly and few intervention studies have investigated how targeted instruction in distinct aspects of morphological awareness can best support word reading and reading comprehension. This research presents the first empirical evidence regarding the relative effectiveness of morphological skills (i.e., morphological analysis and morphological decoding) and affix knowledge in developing English reading-related skills, word reading and reading comprehension among Chinese EFL students. A total of 156 Grade-8 students were randomly assigned to one of three groups: morphological analysis group (experimental group 1), morphological decoding group (experimental group 2) or affix knowledge group (active control group). Both experimental groups received direct instruction on affix knowledge alongside their respective morphological skills. Each intervention consisted of two 50 min sessions per week over a five-week period. The results indicated that all three morphological interventions led to improvements in affix knowledge, inflectional and derivational morphological structure awareness, word reading and reading comprehension. However, no significant differences in improvement were observed among the groups. The findings suggest that the morphological interventions, irrespective of the specific dimensions of morphological awareness taught, were effective for EFL learners. The implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Continuous PPI Treatment After Gastric Bypass Increases the Risk of Pathological PTH Levels at 10 Years Postoperatively
Authors: Stevens Katharina , Hultin Hella , Sundbom Magnus 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Apart from massive weight loss, metabolic and bariatric surgery, especially gastric bypass (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass [RYGB]), can cause nutritional deficiencies. Proton pump inhibitors (PPI), relatively often used after RYGB, are associated with reduced calcium absorption. We have studied the long-term impact of PPI upon calcium homeostasis among RYGB patients.

Methods
In the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry (SOReg), 550 primary RYGB patients, with eGFR > 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, had PTH and 25-OH D levels registered at 10 years. To avoid the impact of hypovitaminosis D, those with 25-OH D > 75 nmol/L were selected.

Results
At 10 years, 10.3% of patients reported continuous PPI treatment, i.e., daily use during the last month. In an age adjusted logistic regression model, continuous PPI treatment was associated with a quadruple risk (OR: 4.65 [1.54–14.04]) of having a pathological PTH level (> 7 pmol/L).

Conclusion
This unique study has shown a correlation between continuous PPI use and pathological PTH levels, thereby inferring that the medication may have detrimental effects upon calcium homeostasis among gastric bypass patients. The risk of having pathological PTH levels was more than tripled among those with PPI treatment, highlighting the importance of specialized follow-up while also suggesting that a limited duration of PPI treatment is preferable.
Nutraceutical Impact of Pumpkin Seed Oil on Expression Levels of EZH-2 and KRT-14 Genes against DSS-induced Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the Rat Model
Authors: Mukhtar Asma , Mukhtar Imran , Muzaffar Humaira , Faisal Muhammad Naeem , khan Kashif ur rehman , Nawaz Laaraib , Ijaz Muhammad Umar , Maryam Sana , Umair Muhammad , Anwar Haseeb , Ataya Farid S. , Batiha Gaber El-Saber , Alexiou Athanasios , Papadakis Marios , Welson Nermeen N. , Korma Sameh A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is a collection of intestinal disorders that cause inflammation in the digestive tract. Prolonged inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract is a major risk factor for colorectal cancer. The objective of this study was to fucus on gene expression levels of (KRT-14; associated with epithelial cell integrity) and enhancer of zeste homolog-1 (EZH-2; involved in cellular proliferation) in a IBD rat model in order to rule out impact of nutraceuticals (pumpkin seed oil; PSO) as a complementary approach to conventional treatments of IBD. In the current study, IBD was induced using dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Following acclimatization, rats were separated into three groups: the negative control, the positive control, and the treatment group. The DSS (1 ml/kg bw) was given to the positive control and treatment groups. Negative control was given only a normal diet. Pumpkin seed oil (PSO) was given orally as a treatment (0.5 ml/kg bw). Blood and colon tissue were obtained on the 5th, 10th, 14th, and 18th days. Physical parameters, hematology, biochemical assays, gene expression, and histopathology were carried out. After statistical analyses, macroscopic parameters showed significant differences. Biochemical analyses revealed a significant (P ≤ 0.05) decrease in serum potassium concentrations, total cholesterol, triglycerides, total proteins, total oxidants status, and C-reactive proteins in PSO treated group as compared with positive control. Gene expression levels of KRT-14 and EZH2 were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) upregulated in PSO treated group as compared to positive control group. Histopathology revealed that pumpkin seed oil preserved the structural integrity of colon.
On the Role of Role-Theoretical Concepts: Determining Dimensionality or Difficulty in Cross-Occupational Collaboration
Authors: Striković Aldin , Krebs Philine , Wittmann Eveline 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In vocational education and training, it can be assumed that the digital transformation increases the relevance of individuals’ cross-occupational collaboration competency (COCC) across vocational and professional sectors, thus improving and reorganizing processes across time and domains on the basis of available information. This poses a challenge to instruction and diagnostics in VET, which can be supported by thorough, empirically grounded theoretical modeling. In Striković and Wittmann (2022), we suggested a role-theoretical approach to modeling COCC involving five role-theoretical dimensions: knowing one’s own occupational role, knowing the occupational role of one’s collaboration partners, latent processes of role distance, role-taking, and object-oriented role coordination. In the present study, we evaluate this role-theoretical model empirically using the example of nursing, specifying and operationalizing the model with a computer-based situational judgment test and using a data set of 328 nursing students to carry out an in-depth analysis of (1) dimensionality and (2) role-related task features thought to influence item difficulty. While model comparisons showed the superiority of a unidimensional vector compared to five- and two-dimensional structures, linear additive regression analysis revealed that the role-related task features on the basis of the five dimensions showed significant effects, as did the number of collaboration partners and the test subjects’ subject-matter competence, which can also be linked to the nurses’ situational role. These findings are in line with our theoretical reasoning in the COCC model. We discuss their limitations as well as their theoretical and educational significance, outlining needs for further research—also in other professional and vocational domains.
Didaktisch orientierte Sachanalysen zur Ausdifferenzierung der allgemeinen Grundvorstellungen zum Funktionsbegriff – Exemplarisch durchgeführt an der Sinusfunktion
Authors: Katter Valentin 
Published: January 2025

Zusammenfassung
Zu den allgemeinen Grundvorstellungen zum Funktionsbegriff zählen die Zuordnungsvorstellung, die Kovariationsvorstellung und die Objektvorstellung. Diese Vorstellungen können auf alle Funktionsklassen gleichermaßen angewendet werden. In jeder Funktionsklasse sind diese Vorstellungen allerdings mit charakteristischen Sachzusammenhängen sowie Denk- und Handlungsweisen verbunden, die wiederum als Ausgangspunkt neuer, differenzierter Grundvorstellungen dienen können. In dem vorliegenden Artikel wird eine Vorgehensweise vorgestellt, mit der eine Ausdifferenzierung der allgemeinen Grundvorstellungen zum Funktionsbegriff durchgeführt und funktionsklassenspezifische Grundvorstellungen hergeleitet werden können. Grundlage des Verfahrens bildet eine didaktisch orientierte Sachanalyse in Verbindung mit der didaktischen Phänomenologie Freudenthals und Aspekten der Genese mathematischer Begriffe. Angewendet wird dieses Verfahren schließlich auf die Funktionsklasse der trigonometrischen Funktionen, wodurch sechs normative Grundvorstellungen zum Sinus identifiziert werden.
Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheets Incorporated Hierarchical Hydrogen Bonding Polymer Networks for Transparent and Fire-Proof Ceramizable Coatings
Authors: Guo Bifan , He Yimin , Chen Yongming , Yang Tianci , Peng Chaohua , Luo Weiang , Zeng Birong , Xu Yiting , Dai Lizong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In recent decades, annual urban fire incidents, including those involving ancient wooden buildings burned, transportation, and solar panels, have increased, leading to significant loss of human life and property. Addressing this issue without altering the surface morphology or interfering with optical behavior of flammable materials poses a substantial challenge. Herein, we present a transparent, low thickness, ceramifiable nanosystem coating composed of a highly adhesive base (poly(SSS1-co-HEMA1)), nanoscale layered double hydroxide sheets as ceramic precursors, and supramolecular melamine di-borate as an accelerator. We demonstrate that this hybrid coating can transform into a porous, fire-resistant protective layer with a highly thermostable vitreous phase upon exposure to flame/heat source. A nanosystem coating of just ~ 100 μm thickness can significantly increase the limiting oxygen index of wood (Pine) to 37.3%, dramatically reduce total heat release by 78.6%, and maintain low smoke toxicity (CITG = 0.016). Detailed molecular force analysis, combined with a comprehensive examination of the underlying flame-retardant mechanisms, underscores the effectiveness of this coating. This work offers a strategy for creating efficient, environmentally friendly coatings with fire safety applications across various industries.