bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incisional Hernia Repair: Abdominoplasty, Tissue Expansion, and Methods of Augmentation
Authors: Van Geffen Hendrikus J.A.A. , Simmermacher Roger K.J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIncisional hernia repair without mesh mainly consists of tissue transfer to bridge or close the defect. Bridging includes rotational or free musculocutaneous flaps, rendering acceptable short‐term results but a rather disappointing long‐term outcome. Abdominal wall closure where there has been significant loss of domain, with intraperitoneal organs residing permanently outside the abdominal cavity, can only be achieved using the patients’ own tissue if preoperative expansion of the abdominal cavity is performed using artificial expanders or pneumoperitoneum. From a scientific point of view, however, evidence supporting any treatment option is weak because prospective randomized controlled trials are virtually impossible to conduct owing to the inhomogeneity of the patient population being considered. Treatment of this condition by the above‐mentioned means should therefore be proposed on an individual basis utilizing one or more of the many possible techniques described.
Preventing and Treating Parastomal Hernia
Authors: Israelsson Leif A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractParastomal hernia represents a major surgical challenge. There is no uniform definition of parastomal hernia, and the true rate is therefore difficult to establish, although it is probably higher than 30%. Many surgical techniques have been tried to prevent and treat parastomal hernia; but despite these efforts, herniation continues to be a problem. The only method that has reduced the rate of parastomal hernia in a randomized trial is the use of a prophylactic prosthetic mesh. A large‐pore low‐weight mesh with reduced polypropylene content and a high proportion of absorbable material placed in a sublay position at the primary operation significantly reduces the rate of parastomal hernia. Recurrence rates after surgical treatment of parastomal hernia are high unless mesh is used. Relocation of the stoma, with prophylactic mesh in a sublay position at the new site and sublay mesh repairing the incisional hernia at the primary site, is the standard method for treating parastomal hernia in our department.
Treatment concepts of day hospitals for general psychiatric patients. Findings from a national survey in Germany
Authors: Seidler Klaus-Peter , Garlipp Petra , Machleidt Wielant , Haltenhof Horst 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPsychiatric day hospital treatment concepts have to deal with a wide spectrum of mental disorders. We raised the question, if day hospitals can be differentiated concerning their treatment concepts and if so how much this is reflected in their structural and procedural features. In 1999 a survey was initiated concerning structure, concept and method of treatment in psychiatric day hospitals for adults in Germany. Furthermore data concerning rate of utilization, patients' characteristics and aspects of referral and further treatment were ascertained. One hundred and seventy-three (63.4%) of 273-day hospitals contacted took part in the inquiry. The data were interpreted using multivariate as well as non-parametric procedures. The results show that treatment concepts of day hospitals can be specified as three main areas of function (psychotherapy, crisis intervention orientated treatment alternative, rehabilitation) and four therapeutic orientations (psychodynamic social psychiatric, behavioral social psychiatric, psychodynamic, sociotherapeutic). Structural features are predominantly comparable and the differences found concerning the treatment concepts are especially related to patients' characteristics and some procedural features. The conclusion is that the differentiation of day hospital treatment concepts should be taken into consideration in planning psychosocial treatment services as well as in day hospital evaluation research.
Treatment options for acute mania
Authors: Thomas Pierre 
Published: June 2005

Mood disorders that have no medical or pharmacological causes are divided into depressive disorders (unipolar, or major depressive disorder) and bipolar disorders. In bipolar disorders, both depressive and manic episodes occur sequentially.A manic episode is characterised as an abnormally excited mood that is experienced by a patient for a distinct period (at least a week). Diagnosis of mania requires that a patient’s work and social life be significantly affected, or that the patient needs hospitalisation. Diagnosis also requires the presence of three or more of the following symptoms: inflated self-esteem or grandiosity; decreased need for sleep; increased talkativeness; racing thoughts/ideas; distraction; increased goal-directed activity; excessive involvement in pleasurable activities [1].
Summer mesozooplankton distribution in coastal waters of central Greece (eastern Mediterranean). II. Species assemblages
Authors: Ramfos Alexis , Somarakis Stylianos , Koutsikopoulos Constantin , Fragopoulu Nina 
Published: June 2005

Mesozooplankton distribution was investigated over an intensive grid of 124 stations in coastal and pelagic waters of central Greece (eastern Mediterranean) during July 1998. The complex topography of the area consisted of various semi-enclosed gulfs as well as open-sea areas and provided excellent fieldwork for determining species assemblages, their relationships to environmental parameters and the distribution and abundance patterns of the copepod species.Three coastal and one pelagic group of stations were revealed by cluster analysis. Inverse analysis of species affinities defined distinct ‘coastal’ and ‘pelagic’ species assemblages. All coastal areas were dominated by a small number of species (e.g. Penilia avirostris, Podon spp., Ctenocalanus vanus, Paracalanus parvus and Centropages typicus) all belonging to the ‘coastal’ assemblage. Differences among these coastal areas were mainly due to small changes in relative abundance of a common-species list. On the contrary, pelagic stations were characterized by higher species diversity, low dominance and the presence of characteristic epipelagic and mesopelagic species of the Mediterranean Sea (e.g. Calocalanus spp., Haloptilus longicornis, Lucicutia flavicornis, Mecynocera clausi, Farranula rostrata, Mesocalanus tenuicornis and Oncaea mediterranea).The observed differences in taxonomic composition and abundance of zooplankton were related to the marked differences in salinity values observed between the eastern and western part of the surveyed area. Bathymetry, temperature and fluorescence were also related with the inshore–offshore gradient of the zooplankton community observed in the pelagic areas as well as with the discrimination of the zooplankton communities of the various semi-enclosed gulfs of the region.
Topiramate inhibits trigeminovascular activation: an intravital microscopy study
Authors: Akerman Simon , Goadsby Peter J 
Published: June 2005

Activation, or the altered perception of activation, of trigeminal nerves that innervate the cranial vasculature is considered to be a pivotal component of the pathophysiology of acute migraine.
Calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) levels are increased during migraine and after trigeminal nerve stimulation in the cat. Both CGRP and nitric oxide (NO) infusion causes headache and delayed migraine in migraineurs. Neurogenic stimulation of a cranial window, CGRP and NO injection all cause meningeal artery dilation in the rat when viewed using intravital microscopy.
Topiramate is an antiepileptic drug with established efficacy as a migraine preventive, and has recently been shown to inhibit neurons of the trigeminocervical complex after superior sagittal sinus stimulation.
In this study, we used intravital microscopy with neurogenic dural vasodilation, and CGRP‐ and NO‐induced dilation to examine whether intravenous topiramate has effects on the trigeminovascular system.
Topiramate was able to attentuate neurogenic dural vasodilation maximally after 15 min by 52% at 30 mg kg−1 (t5=6.78, n=6); there was no significant inhibition at 10 mg kg−1.
There was also significant attenuation of the NO‐induced dilation maximally after 15 min, at both 10 and 30 mg kg−1 by 21% (t6=6.09, n=7) and 41% (t6=5.3, n=7), respectively.
CGRP‐induced dilation was not inhibited at either dose of topiramate.
The study demonstrates that topiramate is likely to inhibit neurogenic dural vasodilation by inhibiting the release of CGRP from prejunctional trigeminal neurons, thus attenuating the dural vasodilation. Topiramate is not able to act postsynaptically at the blood vessels themselves as the CGRP‐induced dilation was not attenuated.
The data are consistent with an effect of topiramate on trigeminovascular activation which may form part of its preventive antimigraine mechanisms of action.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2005) 146, 7–14. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706290
Effects of (2R)‐(3‐amino‐2‐fluoropropyl)sulphinic acid (AFPSiA) on transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxation in dogs and mechanism of hypothermic effects in mice
Authors: Lehmann Anders , Holmberg Ann Aurell , Bhatt Ulhas , Bremner‐Danielsen Marianne , Brändén Lena , Elg Susanne , Elebring Thomas , Fitzpatrick Kevin , Geiss William B , Guzzo Peter , Jensen Jorgen , Jerndal Gunilla , Mattsson Jan P , Nilsson Karolina , Olsson Britt‐Marie 
Published: June 2005

The effects of the novel GABA analogue (2R)‐(3‐amino‐2‐fluoropropyl)sulphinic acid (AFPSiA) on transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxations (TLOSRs) were studied in the dog. In addition, the GABAA/GABAB selectivity was determined in vitro and in vivo, and the pharmacokinetics and the metabolism of the compound were studied in the dog and rat.
TLOSRs were reduced by 55±8% after intragastric administration of AFPSiA at 14 μmol kg−1 and did not decrease further at higher doses. When evaluated 2 and 4 h after administration, the effect declined to 37±6 and 16±9%, respectively. Spontaneous swallowing was only significantly inhibited at 100 μmol kg−1.
The oral availability of AFPSiA was 52±17 and 71±4% in the dog and rat, respectively. A fraction of AFPSiA was oxidised to the corresponding sulphonate, (2R)‐(3‐amino‐2‐fluoropropyl)sulphonic acid (AFPSoA) after oral administration to the rat and dog.
In rat brain membranes, AFPSiA was found to have ten times higher affinity for rat brain GABAB (Ki=47±4.4 nM) compared to GABAA (Ki=430±46 nM) binding sites. The compound was a full agonist at human recombinant GABAB(1a,2) receptors (EC50=130±10 nM). In contrast, the metabolite AFPSoA was considerably more selective for binding to rat brain GABAA (Ki=37±3.1 nM) vs GABAB (Ki=6800±280 nM) receptors.
In the mouse, high doses (1–8 mmol kg−1) of AFPSiA induced a rapid and mild hypothermia followed by a profound and sustained hypothermia at the higher doses tested (6 and 8 mmol kg−1). This effect was unaffected by the selective GABAB receptor antagonist CGP62349. AFPSoA (1 and 2 mmol kg−1) produced transient and moderate hypothermia while the hypothermic response was considerably larger at 4 mmol kg−1.
It is concluded that AFPSiA inhibits but does not abolish TLOSRs in the dog. High doses of the compound induce hypothermia in the mouse, which probably is attributable to activation of the GABAA receptor. The latter effect may be caused both by AFPSiA and its oxidised sulphonic acid metabolite AFPSoA.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2005) 146, 89–97. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706299
Electrophysiological and haemodynamic effects of endothelin ETA and ETB receptors in normal and ischaemic working rabbit hearts
Authors: McCabe Christopher , Hicks Martin N , Kane Kathleen A , Wainwright Cherry L 
Published: June 2005

The aims of this study were to determine if endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) under normal and ischaemic conditions exhibits a direct arrhythmogenic effect that is independent of its ability to cause coronary vasoconstriction, and to determine the contribution of the ETA and ETB receptor subtype.
ETA/B (with ET‐1) and ETA (ET‐1 in the presence of BQ‐788) receptor activation resulted in a significant reduction in both epi‐ and endocardial monophasic action potential duration (MAPD90). ETA receptor activation reduced both epi‐ and endocardial effective refractory period (ERP). This MAPD90 and ERP shortening were associated with a reduction in coronary flow, myocardial contractility and induction of ventricular fibrillation (VF) during ERP measurement.
The ETB agonist sarafotoxin (S6c) had no marked, or concentration‐dependent, effect on MAPD90, ERP, myocardial contractility or induction of arrhythmias.
Neither ET‐1 nor S6c, given prior to coronary artery occlusion, significantly changed the ischaemia‐induced dispersion of MAPD90, ERP or the % incidence of VF.
In conclusion, neither ETA nor ETB receptor stimulation has a direct arrhythmogenic effect in isolated rabbit hearts under normal or ischaemic conditions. The ET‐1‐induced arrhythmogenic effect observed in nonischaemic hearts is likely to be the result of the associated coronary vasoconstriction caused by ETA receptor stimulation resulting in myocardial ischaemia.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2005) 146, 118–128. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706304
Nonphotic entrainment of the circadian body temperature rhythm by the selective ORL1 receptor agonist W‐212393 in rats
Authors: Teshima Koji , Minoguchi Masanori , Tounai Sayuri , Ashimori Atsuyuki , Eguchi Junichi , Allen Charles N , Shibata Shigenobu 
Published: June 2005

We synthesized a small‐molecule opioid receptor‐like 1 (ORL1) receptor agonist, 2‐{3‐[1‐((1R)‐acenaphthen‐1‐yl)piperidin‐4‐yl]‐2,3‐dihydro‐2‐oxo‐benzimidazol‐1‐yl}‐N‐methylacetamide (W‐212393), and investigated its effect on the circadian body temperature rhythm of rats.
W‐212393 has high affinity for ORL1 receptors in the rat cerebral cortex and human ORL1 receptors expressed in HEK293 cells with Ki values of 0.76 and 0.50 nM, respectively.
W‐212393 concentration‐dependently stimulated GTPγ35S binding and its efficacy was similar to nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ), suggesting that W‐212393 is a full agonist at ORL1 receptors.
W‐212393 dose‐dependently occupied ORL1 receptors following intraventricular or intraperitoneal administration, suggesting that W‐212393 is a brain‐penetrating compound.
W‐212393 (100 nM) and N/OFQ (100 nM) significantly suppressed the activity of spontaneously firing rat suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons. These suppressive effects were blocked by an ORL1 receptor antagonist, J‐113397 (1 μM).
W‐212393 (3 mg kg−1, i.p.) induced a significant phase advance at circadian time 6 (CT6) and CT9, but not at other CTs. The magnitude of the W‐212393 (0.3–3 mg kg−1, i.p.)‐induced phase advance was dose‐dependent and greater than those produced by 8‐hydroxy‐2‐(di‐n‐propylamino)tetralin (0.3–3 mg kg−1, i.p.) or melatonin (0.3–3 mg kg−1, i.p.). The W‐212393 (3 mg kg−1, i.p.)‐induced phase advance was antagonized by J‐113397 (10 mg kg−1, i.p.).
W‐212393 (3 mg kg−1, i.p.) significantly accelerated the re‐entrainment of the body temperature rhythm to a 6 h advanced light–dark cycle.
These results indicate that activation of ORL1 receptors contributes to the circadian entrainment and W‐212393 may represent an interesting agent for the study of circadian rhythms.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2005) 146, 33–40. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706311
The hypoglycaemic activity of fenugreek seed extract is mediated through the stimulation of an insulin signalling pathway
Authors: Vijayakumar Maleppillil Vavachan , Singh Sandeep , Chhipa Rishi Raj , Bhat Manoj Kumar 
Published: June 2005

The in vivo hypoglycaemic activity of a dialysed fenugreek seed extract (FSE) was studied in alloxan (AXN)‐induced diabetic mice and found to be comparable to that of insulin (1.5 U kg−1). FSE also improved intraperitoneal glucose tolerance in normal mice.
The mechanism by which FSE attenuated hyperglycaemia was investigated in vitro. FSE stimulated glucose uptake in CHO‐HIRc‐mycGLUT4eGFP cells in a dose‐dependent manner. This effect was shown to be mediated by the translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) from the intracellular space to the plasma membrane.
These effects of FSE on GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake were inhibited by wortmannin, a phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3‐K) inhibitor, and bisindolylmaleimide 1, a protein kinase C (PKC)‐specific inhibitor.
In vitro phosphorylation analysis revealed that, like insulin, FSE also induces tyrosine phosphorylation of a number of proteins including the insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate 1 and p85 subunit of PI3‐K, in both 3T3‐L1 adipocytes and human hepatoma cells, HepG2. However, unlike insulin, FSE had no effect on protein kinase B (Akt) activation.
These results suggest that in vivo the hypoglycaemic effect of FSE is mediated, at least in part, by the activation of an insulin signalling pathway in adipocytes and liver cells.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2005) 146, 41–48. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706312
Inspired Oxygen Fraction of 0.8 Does Not Attenuate Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting after Strabismus Surgery
Authors: Treschan Tanja A. , Zimmer Christian , Nass Christoph , Stegen Bernd , Esser Joachim , Peters Jürgen 
Published: June 2005

Background
Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a distressing problem after strabismus surgery. An inspired oxygen fraction has been reported to decrease PONV in patients after colon resection and to be more effective than ondansetron after gynecologic laparoscopy. Therefore, in a randomized, prospective, placebo-controlled study, the authors tested whether an inspired oxygen fraction of 0.8 decreases PONV in patients undergoing strabismus surgery and whether oxygen is more effective than ondansetron.

Methods
With approval of the authors' institutional review board, 210 patients were randomly assigned to receive one of three treatments: (1) 30% inspired oxygen in air plus intravenous administration of saline, (2) 80% inspired oxygen in air plus intravenous administration of saline, or (3) 30% inspired oxygen in air plus 75 microg/kg ondansetron intravenously during induction. General anesthesia was standardized and included etomidate, alfentanil, and mivacurium for induction and sevoflurane for maintenance. PONV was evaluated 6 and 24 h postoperatively by an investigator unaware of treatment assignment.

Results
Overall postoperative incidence of nausea and vomiting was 41% for inspired oxygen fraction of 0.3 plus placebo, 38% for inspired oxygen fraction of 0.8 plus placebo, and 28% for inspired oxygen fraction of 0.3 plus ondansetron, respectively (P = 0.279). Therefore, there was no statistically significant difference of PONV incidence among groups.

Conclusions
An inspired oxygen fraction of 0.8 during general anesthesia with sevoflurane does not decrease PONV in patients undergoing strabismus repair. Ondansetron also did not significantly decrease PONV in our study setting.
Attenuated Brain Response to Auditory Word Stimulation with Sevoflurane
Authors: Kerssens Chantal , Hamann Stephan , Peltier Scott , Hu Xiaoping P. , Byas-Smith Michael G. , Sebel Peter S. 
Published: June 2005

Background
Functional magnetic resonance imaging offers a compelling, new perspective on altered brain function but is sparsely used in studies of anesthetic effect. To examine effects on verbal memory encoding, the authors imaged human brain response to auditory word stimulation using functional magnetic resonance imaging at different concentrations of an agent not previously studied, and tested memory after recovery.

Methods
Six male volunteers were studied breathing 0.0, 2.0, and 1.0% end-tidal sevoflurane (awake, deep, and light states, respectively) via laryngeal mask. In each condition, they heard 15 two-syllable English nouns via closed headphones. Each word was repeated 15 times (1/s), followed by 15 s of rest. Blood oxygenation level-dependent brain activations during blocks of stimulation versus rest were assessed with a 3-T Siemens Trio scanner and a 20-voxel spatial extent threshold. Memory was tested approximately 1.5 h after recovery with an auditory recognition task (chance performance = 33% correct).

Results
Scans showed widespread activations (P < 0.005, uncorrected) in the awake state, including bilateral superior temporal, frontal, and parietal cortex, right occipital cortex, bilateral thalamus, striatum, hippocampus, and cerebellum; more limited activations in the light state (bilateral superior temporal gyrus, right thalamus, bilateral parietal cortex, left frontal cortex, and right occipital cortex); and no significant auditory-related activation in the deep state. During recognition testing, subjects correctly selected 77 +/- 12% of words presented while they were awake as "old," versus 32 +/- 15 and 42 +/- 8% (P < 0.01) correct for the light and deep stages, respectively.

Conclusions
Sevoflurane induces dose-dependent suppression of auditory blood oxygenation level-dependent signals, which likely limits the ability of words to be processed during anesthesia and compromises memory.
Effect of Intraoperative Fluid Management on Outcome after Intraabdominal Surgery
Authors: Nisanevich Vadim , Felsenstein Itamar , Almogy Gidon , Weissman Charles , Einav Sharon , Matot Idit 
Published: June 2005

Background
The debate over the correct perioperative fluid management is unresolved.

Methods
The impact of two intraoperative fluid regimes on postoperative outcome was prospectively evaluated in 152 patients with an American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status of I-III who were undergoing elective intraabdominal surgery. Patients were randomly assigned to receive intraoperatively either liberal (liberal protocol group [LPG], n = 75; bolus of 10 ml/kg followed by 12 ml x kg(-1) x h(-1)) or restrictive (restrictive protocol group [RPG], n = 77; 4 ml x kg(-1) x h(-1)) amounts of lactated Ringer's solution. The primary endpoint was the number of patients who died or experienced complications. The secondary endpoints included time to initial passage of flatus and feces, duration of hospital stay, and changes in body weight, hematocrit, and albumin serum concentration in the first 3 postoperative days.

Results
The number of patients with complications was lower in the RPG (P = 0.046). Patients in the LPG passed flatus and feces significantly later (flatus, median [range]: 4 [3-7] days in the LPG vs. 3 [2-7] days in the RPG; P < 0.001; feces: 6 [4-9] days in the LPG vs. 4 [3-9] days in the RPG; P < 0.001), and their postoperative hospital stay was significantly longer (9 [7-24] days in the LPG vs. 8 [6-21] days in the RPG; P = 0.01). Significantly larger increases in body weight were observed in the LPG compared with the RPG (P < 0.01). In the first 3 postoperative days, hematocrit and albumin concentrations were significantly higher in the RPG compared with the LPG.

Conclusions
In patients undergoing elective intraabdominal surgery, intraoperative use of restrictive fluid management may be advantageous because it reduces postoperative morbidity and shortens hospital stay.