bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SELF-MANAGEMENT SUPPORT STRATEGIES BASED ON THE RNAO GUIDELINES IN AECOPD PATIENTS: A RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: Peng Weisi , Luo Weixiang , Yang Xiufen , Qu Chaoran , Huang Di , Liu Yan , Fan Yi , Zhang Weiwei 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Abstract Chronic disease management is a key intervention for the management of AECOPD patients. We conducted a Chinese-based trial according to RNAO’s chronic disease management guidelines.The aim of this study was topply an evidence-based guideline practice protocol for self-management in patients with chronic disease to improve the clinical outcomes, as well as reduce the economic costs for patients discharged with AECOPD.In this study, the “Strategies to Support Self-Management in Chronic Conditions: Collaboration with Clients”, published by RNAO, was used as a practice guideline to be applied in the follow-up of patients discharged from COPD to understand patients’ post-discharge self-management ability, pulmonary function, and readmission within one year, and to compare the cost-effectiveness for patients after discharge. The follow-up of both groups was conducted over time, and the patients’ self-management ability and pulmonary function in the observation group were effectively improved at month 6 and month 12 and was significantly different in comparison with the control group (P&lt; 0.05). The observation group showed significant differences in readmission rates and economic costs at month 12 as compared to the control group (P&lt; 0.05).Application of the guideline’s chronic disease self-management support strategies could stabilize patients’ blood oxygenation levels, better maintain pulmonary function, significantly improve patients’ self-management ability, and reduce patients’ medication costs. Keywords: COPD;Chronic disease self-management; RCT; economic analysis
DEMENTIA CAREGIVERS’ ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS OF HOME-MONITORING ASSISTIVE ROBOTS IN DEMENTIA CARE
Authors: Wang Jing , LaRoche Dain , Begum Momotaz , Tang Xueting , Arthanat Sajay 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Understanding dementia caregivers’ perspectives on the ethical dimensions of socially assistive robot technology is essential for its responsible and sustainable implementation. This study provides comprehensive insights into the ethical considerations of using home-monitoring assistive robots in dementia care, as seen through the perspectives of caregivers. A focus group and a follow-up interview were conducted with seven participant caregivers following their exploration of a home-monitoring assistive robot sharing their insights and experiences related to its use in dementia care. The data were subjected to thematic analysis, identifying recurring patterns and themes within the participants’ accounts. Key findings included Responsibility and Safety: Need for safety outweighed privacy concerns of caregivers. They highlighted features such as reminders, danger alerts, and integration with security systems; Autonomy and Informed Consent: our findings emphasized promoting robot technology while respecting the autonomy of individuals with dementia in deciding technology use for their own care, acknowledging the variability in their responses; Technology Maturity and Expectation Management: Caregivers expressed expectations regarding robot functionalities, highlighting the importance of technological reliability, setup processes, and technical support. Dilemma in Monitoring and Privacy: Striking a balance between monitoring and privacy emerged as a crucial concern, sparking discussions on camera usage, sensor placement, and maintaining a suitable equilibrium; Affordability Challenges: Caregivers recognized the affordability challenges associated with robot technology as a significant hurdle. The themes highlight the complexity of integrating Socially assistive robots for dementia care responsibly, thereby informing future development and implementation strategies to ensure its beneficial and ethical use.
UNDERSTANDING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AIR QUALITY AND FIVE-YEAR SURVIVAL OF PATIENTS IN THE AMERICAN FAMILY COHORT
Authors: Periyakoil Divya , Prata Ndola , Diener-West Marie 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Air pollution is an important social determinant of health and associated with cardiopulmonary disease, cancer, diabetes, and cognitive impairment. This study examined the impact of air pollution on the mortality of patients in the American Family Cohort (AFC), a national dataset of 6.6 million Americans, derived from the American Board of Family Medicine PRIME Registry electronic health record data. The AFC data were merged with the Environmental Protection Agency’s Air Quality Index (AQI) measures for the study period (2016-2022). Two Cox-Regression-Models were performed to determine how (1) baseline air quality and (2) air quality measures over time would affect patients’ five-year survival. Fixed covariates of interest--gender, race, age, location, and year of entry into the study--were studied as well. The adjusted hazard of death in the group with baseline AQI greater than 50 was 4.02 times higher than that of the group with AQI less than or equal to 50 (95% CI: 3.36, 4.82, p &lt; 0.05). Compared to younger patients, the hazard of death was 6.73 times higher in persons older than 80 years of age (95% CI: 5.47, 8.28; p &lt; 0.05). Black/African American patients had a 4.27 times higher hazard of death (95%CI: 3.47, 5.26; p &lt; 0.05) compared to other races. Our study shows that vulnerable populations (older adults and persons from minority communities) are disproportionately burdened by poor air quality. Public health initiatives that focus on improving air quality for minority communities will improve their longevity.
ADDRESSING UNMET MENTAL HEALTH NEEDS OF OLDER ADULTS IN TURBO, COLOMBIA: A PILOT INTERVENTION
Authors: Giebel Clarissa , Saldarriaga Gabriel , Montoya Erika , Gabbay Mark , Zuluaga Maria Isabel 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Mental health is often stigmatised in lower- and middle-income countries, with little resources to provide care. Having lived through extreme and stressful live events in Colombia, including armed conflict, and older adults found to lack adequate mental health support, the aim of this pilot intervention is to improve their mental health. Based on a meta-analysis of community-based mental health interventions for older adults in LMICs, qualitative interviews with older adults and local stakeholders, and a mental health needs assessment survey of the older population in Turbo, Colombia, we consulted older adults in the region to co-produce a community-based intervention. The pilot intervention is running for 12 weeks from May to August 2023, with two sessions provided per week in a community centre. The intervention involves four components - social engagement, educational interventions, physical activities (singing, dancing, cooking), and peer support. We will use a mixed-methods approach to evaluate the effects of the intervention on older adults’ well-being, social support, and loneliness, involving pre- and post-questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Thirty-five older adults are actively participating in the intervention. Full results will be available in October. This co-produced and evidence-based intervention for older Colombians has the potential to circumvent heavy healthcare resource costs for providing mental health support, and instead involve the community in providing care and support, with trained facilitation. In light of limited mental health support across LMICs, this intervention, if effective, could provide mental health support for older adults in other countries via cultural adaptation.
DEFENSIVENESS AGAINST INTERGROUP BIASES ACROSS ADULTHOOD
Authors: Beatty Jennifer , Hill Patrick 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Research has demonstrated the pernicious role of discrimination against marginalized groups. Less work has considered the perspective of the transgressor and how defensive they may be when told they were biased. Such work is critical for understanding which individuals may be more willing to acknowledge and integrate feedback about their personal biases, allowing them to avoid future discriminatory and biased actions. Moreover, older adults may be more defensive in the face of feedback if they are less willing to change well-entrenched personal attitudes. The current study developed a new measure of feedback defensiveness and investigated whether defensiveness levels increase or decrease with age. In a sample of U.S. White adults (n = 303; age range: 19 to 85), we found that individuals reported being more defensive in the face of negative feedback about intergroup biases relative to feedback about other aspects of the self. Correlational analyses found that these biases were weaker among individuals who reported a stronger sense of personal identity. Critically, defensiveness against intergroup biases was initially unassociated with age, but when we consider individuals who avoid identity information, there is a modest age effect. This data challenges the assumption that all older adults would be defensive to feedback about their bias and considers the role of one’s sense of identity. These findings have clear implications for how clinicians, practitioners, and researchers should focus their efforts to reduce discriminatory events by alerting them to which individuals may be more willing to accept feedback about their biases.
DOES RURAL LIVING INCREASE RISK FOR MORTALITY? FINDINGS FROM TWO LONGITUDINAL STUDIES
Authors: Atherton Olivia 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Most prior work on rural-urban health disparities has been conducted with population-level data, which is limited in its capacity for causal inferences about individuals and lifespan health. The present study leverages individual-level longitudinal data, spanning up to 29 years, to understand how rurality-urbanicity predicts individuals’ risk for all-cause mortality; whether these effects hold above and beyond socioeconomic status; and whether the association between rurality-urbanicity and mortality risk varies by sex, socioeconomic status, race, and partner status. The present pre-registered study uses data from two large longitudinal studies of U.S. Americans (HRS and MIDUS; total N = ~55,000), who reported on their socio-demographic characteristics, had their addresses linked to geographical indicators (i.e., rural-urban continuum codes), and have data from the National Death Index regarding vital status and survival time. Using a series of cox proportional hazards regression models, findings showed that suburban and rural residents were at a 12% and 18% greater risk for earlier all-cause mortality compared to urban residents in HRS, but the effects of rurality-urbanicity on mortality risk were non-significant in MIDUS. The longitudinal effects of rurality-urbanicity on mortality risk were largely independent of the effects of socioeconomic status. Finally, the three statistically significant interaction effects suggest that the strength and direction of the association between rurality-urbanicity and mortality risk differed by race (HRS, MIDUS) and partner status (HRS). The discussion elaborates on the theoretical implications for our understanding of social determinants of health, as well as practical implications for health equity in rural areas.
Goal Setting for Aging Adults and Care Partners: A Scoping Review
Authors: Perepezko Kate , Toto Pamela , Hitchcock Mary , Fields Beth 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Evidence demonstrates that goal-setting and care partner support help aging adults improve their health. Less is known about how aging adults and care partners collaboratively participate in goal setting, revealing a potential gap in care delivery processes. The current review describes the scope of the literature on this topic.

Research Design and Methods
A search was conducted in several relevant databases and 1,231 articles were screened for the following inclusion criteria: (a) participants included aging adults (50+ years) and care partners, (b) goal setting was conducted, and (c) articles were in English.

Results
Common goals reported by aging adults were independence, improving or maintaining functioning, addressing symptoms, and remaining socially active. Care partners listed similar goals but also identified accessing services and supports as important. The level of care partner involvement varied across articles, with some care partners serving in a supportive role, some setting goals concurrently with the aging adult, and others setting goals on behalf of the aging adult.

Discussion and Implications
This review revealed concordant and discordant prioritization of goals within dyads. These findings illustrate the importance and potential complexity of including care partners in the goal-setting process. We also found that collaborative goal-setting and care partner-directed goals are scarce, indicating the need for additional work in this area. Collaborative goal setting aligns with person and family-centered care approaches and can contribute to better care plans that meet the needs of aging adults and their care partners.
Safety and Immunogenicity of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prefusion Maternal Vaccine Coadministered With Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine: A Phase 2 Study
Authors: Hermida Nerea , Ferguson Murdo , Leroux-Roels Isabel , Pagnussat Sandra , Yaplee Deborah , Hua Nancy , van den Steen Peter , Anspach Bruno , Dieussaert Ilse , Kim Joon Hyung 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion protein stabilized in the prefusion conformation (RSVPreF3) was under investigation as a maternal vaccine.

Methods
This phase 2, randomized, placebo-controlled, single-dose, multicenter study enrolled healthy, nonpregnant women, randomized 1:1:1:1:1 to 5 parallel groups studying RSVPreF3 (60 or 120 µg) coadministered with diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis vaccine (dTpa) or placebo, and dTpa coadministered with placebo. Safety and humoral immune responses were assessed. An extension phase also assessed a RSVPreF3 120 μg vaccination 12–18 months after first vaccination.

Results
The safety profile of RSVPreF3 was unaffected by dose or dTpa coadministration. Solicited and unsolicited adverse events (AEs) were evenly distributed across study groups. Injection-site pain was higher following the second vaccination versus the first vaccination. Medically attended AEs were rare (&lt;5% overall). Both RSVPreF3 dose levels (alone and with dTpa) were immunogenic, increasing levels of RSV-A neutralizing antibody ≥8-fold and anti-RSVPreF3 IgG antibody ≥11-fold at 1 month postvaccination, which persisted at 12–18 months postvaccination; modest 2-fold increases were observed with a second RSVPreF3 vaccination.

Conclusions
This study indicates RSVPreF3 coadministration with dTpa induces robust immune responses and is well tolerated, regardless of the RSVPreF3 dose level used.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT04138056.
The CO-to-H2 conversion factor of Galactic giant molecular clouds using CO isotopologues: high-resolution XCO maps
Authors: Kohno Mikito , Sofue Yoshiaki 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
We investigated the correlation between intensities of the 12CO and 13CO (J = 1–0) lines towards the Galactic giant molecular clouds (GMCs) W51A, W33, N35–N36 complex, W49A, M17SW, G12.02–00.03, W43, and M16 using the FUGIN (FOREST Unbiased Galactic plane Imaging survey with the Nobeyama 45-m telescope) CO line data. All the GMCs show intensity saturation in the 12CO line when the brightness temperature of 13CO is higher than a threshold temperature of about ∼5 K. We obtained high-resolution (∼20 arcsec) distribution maps of the XCO factor (XCO,iso) in individual GMCs using correlation diagrams of the CO isotopologues. It is shown that XCO,iso is variable in each GMC within the range of XCO,iso ∼ (0.9–5) × 1020 cm−2 (K km s−1)−1. Despite the variability in the GMCs, the average value among the GMCs is found to be nearly constant at XCO,iso = (2.17 ± 0.27) × 1020 cm−2 (K km s−1)−1, which is consistent with that from previous studies in the Milky Way.
Thermal pulses with mesa: resolving the third dredge-up
Authors: Rees Natalie R , Izzard Robert G , Karakas Amanda I 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
The Thermally Pulsing- (Super) Asymptotic Giant Branch is a late stage in the evolution of low- and intermediate-mass stars. These stars undergo strong wind mass-loss and diverse nucleosynthesis. Third dredge-up events, that occur following thermal pulses, are responsible for enriching the surfaces of Asymptotic Giant Branch stars, hence an understanding of this process is crucial for constraining galactic chemical evolution. Using a custom numerical scheme, we investigate the temporal and spatial resolution required to resolve the third dredge-up in the 1D stellar evolution code mesa. With mesa’s default controls, the third dredge-up efficiency is underestimated by as much as $\approx 76~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. In stars that undergo hot third dredge-up (M ≳ 6 M⊙), the third dredge-up efficiency is overestimated by $\approx 55~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. The Thermally Pulsing- (Super) Asymptotic Giant Branch (TP-(S)AGB) evolution is computed for models with initial masses 1 ≤ Mi/M⊙ ≤ 8 at Solar metallicity (Z = 0.014). The minimum initial mass for carbon stars falls in the range 1.5–1.75 M⊙, compatible with observations. The use of mesa for TP-(S)AGB evolution is validated by comparison to the widely used monash models which show good agreement in the maximum third dredge-up efficiency at initial masses Mi &gt; 2 M⊙. We also compare the third dredge-up efficiency in models produced using two independent stellar evolution codes, fruity and aton, which were computed with various differences in input physics including mass-loss, and which exhibit weaker third dredge-up episodes.
Tidally offset neutral gas in Lyman continuum emitting galaxy Haro 11
Authors: Le Reste Alexandra , Cannon John M , Hayes Matthew J , Inoue John L , Kepley Amanda A , Melinder Jens , Menacho Veronica , Adamo Angela , Bik Arjan , Ejdetjärn Timmy , Józsa Gyula I G , Östlin Göran , Taft Sarah H 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Around 400 Myr after the big bang, the ultraviolet emission from star-forming galaxies reionized the Universe. Ionizing radiation (Lyman continuum, LyC) is absorbed by cold neutral hydrogen gas (H i) within galaxies, hindering the escape of LyC photons. Since the H i reservoir of LyC emitters has never been mapped, major uncertainties remain on how LyC photons escape galaxies and ionize the intergalactic medium. We have directly imaged the neutral gas in the nearby reionization-era analogue galaxy Haro 11 with the 21 cm line to identify the mechanism enabling ionizing radiation escape. We find that merger-driven interactions have caused a bulk offset of the neutral gas by about $6\,$ kpc from the centre of the galaxy, where LyC emission production sites are located. This could facilitate the escape of ionizing radiation into our line of sight. Galaxy interactions can cause both elevated LyC production and large-scale displacement of H i from the regions where these photons are produced. They could contribute to the anisotropic escape of LyC radiation from galaxies and the reionization of the Universe. We argue for a systematic assessment of the effect of environment on LyC production and escape.
Measuring the cosmological 21-cm dipole with 21-cm global experiments
Authors: Ignatov Yordan D , Pritchard Jonathan R , Wu Yuqing 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
A measurement of the 21-cm global signal would be a revealing probe of the Dark Ages, the era of first star formation, and the Epoch of Reionization. It has remained elusive owing to bright galactic and extra-galactic foreground contaminants, coupled with instrumental noise, ionospheric effects, and beam chromaticity. The simultaneous detection of a consistent 21-cm dipole signal alongside the 21-cm global signal would provide confidence in a claimed detection. We use simulated data to investigate the possibility of using drift-scan dipole antenna experiments to achieve a detection of both monopole and dipole. We find that at least two antennae located at different latitudes are required to localize the dipole. In the absence of foregrounds, a total integration time of ∼104 h is required to detect the dipole. With contamination by simple foregrounds, we find that the integration time required increases to ∼105 h. We show that the extraction of the 21-cm dipole from more realistic foregrounds requires a more sophisticated foreground modelling approach. Finally, we motivate a global network of dipole antennae that could reasonably detect the dipole in ∼103 h of integration time.
Dissecting cosmological filaments at high redshifts: emergence of spaghetti-type flow inside DM haloes
Authors: Bi Da , Shlosman Isaac , Romano-Díaz Emilio 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
We use high-resolution zoom-in simulations to study the fueling of central galaxies by filamentary and diffuse accretion at redshifts, z ≳ 2. The parent haloes were chosen with similar total masses, log (Mvir/M⊙) ∼ 11.75 ± 0.05, at z = 6, 4, and 2, in high/low overdensity environments. We analyse the kinematic and thermodynamic properties of circumgalactic medium (CGM) within few virial radii, Rvir, and down to the central galaxy. Using a hybrid d-web/entropy method we mapped the gaseous filaments, and separated inflows from outflows. We find that (1) The CGM is multiphase and not in thermodynamic or dynamic equilibrium; (2) filamentary and diffuse accretion rates and densities decrease with lower redshifts, and inflow velocities decrease from $200-300\, {\rm {km\, s}^{-1}}$ by a factor of 2; (3) temperature within the filaments increases inside Rvir, faster at lower redshifts; (4) filaments show a complex structure along their spines: a core radial flow surrounded by a lower density envelope. The cores exhibit elevated densities and lower temperature, with no obvious metallicity gradient in the cross sections. Filaments also tend to separate into different infall velocity regions and split density cores, thus producing a spaghetti-type flow; (6) inside the inner $\sim 30\, h^{-1}$ kpc, filaments develop the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability which ablates and dissolves them, and triggers turbulence along the filaments, clearly delineating their spines; (7) finally, the galactic outflows affect mostly the inner ∼0.5Rvir ∼ 100 h−1 kpc of the CGM.