bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase II randomized glioma study to evaluate efficacy and satisfaction of rolapitant plus ondansetron in preventing chemoradiation-induced nausea and vomiting
Authors: Affronti Mary Lou , Patel Mallika P , Severance Erin K , Loughlin Charles , Bradbury Claire , Herndon II James E , Boyd Kendra , Lipp Eric S , Friedman Henry S , Desjardins Annick , Johnson Margaret O , Peters Katherine B 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Nausea and vomiting remain feared cancer treatment-related side-effects. Antiemetic guideline trials exclude malignant glioma patients. In patients receiving radiation with concurrent temozolomide, chemoradiation-induced nausea; vomiting (cRINV) rates are 35%; 26%, respectively, which reduce quality of life, treatment adherence, and cancer control.

Methods
This randomized phase-II open-label trial, evaluated efficacy, patient preference and satisfaction of ondansetron (short-acting 5HT3-RA; 3h-half-life) monotherapy vs. rolapitant (long-acting NK1-RA; 180h-half-life) plus ondansetron in preventing cRINV during 6-weeks of temozolomide (75 mg/m2/dX42d) with radiation. Fifty-three eligible patients were randomized to Sequence-A (ondansetron-8mg Days:1-42, Day-22 rolapitant-180mg) or Sequence-B (rolapitant Day-1 plus daily ondansetron). Primary endpoint was percentage achieving cRINV-complete response (CR; no vomiting/antiemetic rescue) during the first 2-weeks of radiation. Secondary endpoints: cRIN/cRIV rates, preference/satisfaction for rolapitant/ondansetron, toxicity and adherence.

Results
Forty-eight (Sequence-A:25; Sequnce-B:23) initiated chemoradiation. Mean age=53, 58% male, 73%, KPS &gt;90%, 73% glioblastoma. During first 2-weeks of radiation, cRINV-CR was 57% with ondansetron and 74% receiving rolapitant/ondansetron (p=0.27). Patient-reported 6-week cRINV-CR was 55% for both arms. First 2-week cRIN rates (38% Sequence-A; 32% Sequence-B) were more than cRIV rates (19% Sequence-A; 0% Sequence-B). Patients receiving ondansetron alone vomited more overall, and the first 2-weeks (26%) than with rolapitant/ondansetron (11%). Among 35 completers, 20% preferred rolapitant/ondansetron, 60% preferred ondansetron, 20% had no preference (p=0.0004). Adverse-events attributable to antiemetics were grade 1-2.

Conclusions
No difference was found in cRINV-CRs between first 2-week treatments or overall satisfaction. Although not a positive study, less vomiting occurred with rolapitant/ondansetron. While patients prefer ondansetron monotherapy, most perceived better effectiveness with rolapitant/ondansetron.
Differences in Combustible Cigarette Smoking-Related Biomarkers by Hormonal Contraceptive Use: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Allen Alicia M , Cao Qing , Stayer Lori G , Luo Xianghua , Jensen Joni , Pang Raina D , Allen Sharon , Donny Eric C , Benowitz Neal , Smith Tracy , Hatsukami Dorothy 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction
Hormonal contraceptives (HCs), which contain synthetic forms of estrogen (ie, ethinyl estradiol) and/or progesterone (ie, progestin), are commonly used by women who smoke combustible cigarettes. Prior research has demonstrated that HCs containing ethinyl estradiol influence nicotine metabolism, though less is known about the role of progestins. We sought to examine the association between HC use and smoking-related biomarkers.

Methods
This exploratory secondary-data analysis included females, ages of 18-45, who currently smoked classified into three groups based on current HC use: (1) combination HCs (C-HC; contains ethinyl estradiol and progestin), (2) progestin-only HCs (P-HC; contains progestin only with no ethinyl estradiol), and (3) no use of hormonal contraceptives (no-HC; no current use of ethinyl estradiol nor progestins). Group differences in expired carbon monoxide, urinary total 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol) (NNAL), nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR), total nicotine equivalent (TNE), and the ratio of TNE to cigarettes/day were assessed.

Results
The C-HC (n = 22), P-HC (n = 67), and no-HC (n = 59) groups did not vary by age or race. Smoking-related biomarkers did not vary between the P-HC and no-HC groups. In adjusted analyses, the C-HC group had a lower TNE level (median = 41.22, interquartile range [IQR]: 32.10, 60.93) versus the P-HC group (median = 59.70, IQR = 44.89, 83.19; adjusted p-value = .006) and the no-HC group (median = 65.90, IQR = 57.55, 85.92; adjusted p-value = .010).

Conclusion
Smoking-related biomarkers were comparable between those who used progestin-only hormonal contraceptives to those who did not use any hormonal contraceptive. In contrast, TNE varied in those who used hormonal contraceptives with ethinyl estradiol. Additional research is needed to replicate these observations.
People With HIV Are More Likely to Clear Hepatitis C: Role of Ryan White Services, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
Authors: Tan Marissa , Kuncio Danica , Addish Eman , Nassau Tanner , Higgins Dana , Miller Melissa , Brady Kathleen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
HIV coinfection worsens health outcomes for persons with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection; however, access to comprehensive Ryan White (RW) HIV care may improve the health of persons with HIV and HCV.

Methods
In a retrospective cohort study, we used surveillance data from Philadelphia's hepatitis and HIV registries for newly reported HCV infections from November 2015 to October 2021. We plotted Kaplan-Meier curves and performed Cox regressions on time to HCV clearance by HIV coinfection status, adjusting for demographic characteristics and HCV report year.

Results
A total of 10 251 persons with newly reported HCV infection were included, of whom 9898 (96.6%) had HCV monoinfection and 353 (3.4%) had HIV coinfection. HCV reports were mostly among residents who were non-Hispanic/Latine White (n = 3609, 35.2%) and non-Hispanic/Latine Black (n = 3221, 31.4%) and assigned male sex at birth (n = 6931, 67.8%). At every month of follow-up, having HIV was associated with a higher likelihood of HCV clearance as compared with HCV monoinfection (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1–1.4; P &lt; .05). For persons with HIV coinfection, participation in RW support services 2 to 6 times monthly was associated with an increased likelihood (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.7–3.1) of HCV clearance at every month of follow-up as compared with persons without RW participation (P &lt; .05).

Conclusions
Among newly reported HCV infections, the likelihood of HCV clearance was higher among persons with HIV coinfection who participated in RW support services. Frequent receipt of supportive services, such as those provided by the national, federally funded RW system, is crucial for HCV elimination.
Performance of α-Defensins in Diagnosing Nosocomial Ventriculitis
Authors: Jacobs Max W , Doub James B 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Nosocomial ventriculitis can be an extremely difficult infectious disease process to diagnose, thereby exposing patients to increased morbidity and unwarranted aggressive antibiotics. Thus, novel ventriculitis diagnostics are drastically needed. In this study, we demonstrate excellent sensitivity and specificity of cerebral spinal fluid α-defensins to aid in diagnosing ventriculitis.
An InDel variant in the promoter of the NAC transcription factor MdNAC18.1 plays a major role in apple fruit ripening
Authors: Yue Qianyu , Xie Yinpeng , Yang Xinyue , Zhang Yuxin , Li Zhongxing , Liu Yunxiao , Cheng Pengda , Zhang Ruiping , Yu Yue , Wang Xiaofei , Liao Liao , Han Yuepeng , Zhao Tao , Li Xuewei , Zhang Hengtao , Ma Fengwang , Guan Qingmei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A complex regulatory network governs fruit ripening, but natural variations and functional differentiation of fruit ripening genes remain largely unknown. Utilizing a genome-wide association study (GWAS), we identified the NAC family transcription factor MdNAC18.1, whose expression is closely associated with fruit ripening in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.). MdNAC18.1 activated the transcription of genes related to fruit softening (Polygalacturonase, PG) and ethylene biosynthesis (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase, ACS), thereby promoting fruit ripening of apple and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). There were two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP-1,545 and SNP-2,002) and a 58-bp insertion–deletion (InDel-58) in the promoter region of MdNAC18.1. Among these, InDel-58 serves as the main effector in activating the expression of MdNAC18.1 and driving fruit ripening. InDel-58 determines the binding affinity of the class D MADS-box protein AGAMOUS-LIKE 11 (MdAGL11), a negative regulator of fruit ripening. The InDel-58 deletion in the early-ripening genotype reduces the inhibitory effect of MdAGL11 on MdNAC18.1. Moreover, MdNAC18.1 and its homologous genes originated from a common ancestor across 61 angiosperms, with functional diversification attributed to tandem replications that occurred in basal angiosperms. In summary, our study revealed how a set of natural variations influence fruit ripening and explored the functional diversification of MdNAC18.1 during evolution.
Does enumerating undocumented residents in the U.S. census affect congressional apportionment?
Authors: Warren John Robert , Warren Robert E 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In recent years American political figures, media pundits, and others have argued that undocumented residents in the United States should not be included in census data used for congressional apportionment. They argue that including them unfairly benefits some states ─ especially politically Democratic leaning (or “blue”) states, according to most arguments ─ at the expense of others. Some people have speculated that many more House seats and Electoral College votes would have been apportioned to politically Republican leaning (or “red”) states and that many fewer would have been apportioned to politically “blue” states if undocumented residents were excluded from apportionment data. The only systematic empirical examinations of this question occurred prior to the 2020 Census and projected ─ mostly inaccurately ─ how apportionment would differ after the 2020 Census under this hypothetical. Does including undocumented residents in U.S. census data used for congressional apportionment alter (a) political party representation in the House of Representatives or (b) presidential electoral college votes? We use annual state-level estimates of the undocumented resident population at each census date to examine the consequences of including them in official apportionment data since 1980. If undocumented residents had been entirely excluded from census data used for apportionment, no more than two House seats and three electoral college votes would have shifted between political parties in any year since 1980; this would have had no bearing on party control of the House or the outcome of presidential elections.
A thomistic argument for the containment view of pregnancy
Authors: Toner Patrick 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The ‘containment view’ of pregnancy is widely held, but it has recently been subjected to sustained criticism by Elselijn Kingma. According to the containment view, human foetuses (among others) are animals in their own right, contained within their mothers. Kingma's alternative to this is the ‘parthood view,’ according to which a foetus is a maternal part. Despite the prevalence of the containment view, there are not a great many arguments in its favour, and Kingma has searchingly criticized several of these. In this paper, I defend an argument for the containment view, which I think is not undermined by Kingma-type considerations.
On the Fiscal Sustainability of Swiss Cantons, 1905–2017
Authors: Bury Yannick , Feld Lars P , Koehler Ekkehard A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Do Swiss cantonal governments run sustainable fiscal policies? Despite a growing literature on subnational fiscal sustainability, evidence on the Swiss case is largely missing. Drawing on a novel data set that stretches back to 1905, we test for stationarity of cantonal public debt, revenue, and spending and for cointegration between cantonal revenues and expenditures. Based on time series properties, we estimate individual fiscal reaction functions for each canton and for the panel of cantons as a whole. Using second-generation panel modeling—and thus accounting for heterogeneity in cantonal fiscal policy, structural breaks, and cross-sectional dependence (CD) among the cantons—our results show that the cantons run sustainable policies. Moreover, our results provide evidence that fiscal rules explain part of the heterogeneity in cantonal fiscal reactions to increased debt.
Sceptics and champions: participant insights on the use of partial randomization to allocate research culture funding
Authors: Davies Catherine , Ingram Holly 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
As part of the shift towards a more equitable research culture, funders are reconsidering traditional approaches to peer review. In doing so, they seek to minimize bias towards certain research ideas and researcher profiles, to ensure greater inclusion of disadvantaged groups, to improve review quality, to reduce burden, and to enable more transformative research. This paper presents the rationale and findings from a trial of partially randomized funding allocation (PRA) used to internally distribute Research England’s Enhancing Research Culture fund at the University of Leeds. Of 26 eligible applications, six fell in the upper midfield on quality assessment and were randomized. Of this subset, one received the available funding. Qualitative data from applicants, reviewers, and moderators in the trial suggest modest gains regarding the reduction or perception of bias and efficiency of peer review. There were variable benefits of the feedback that PRA provides. A range of concerns emerged about PRA’s perceived fairness, bluntness, and threat to quality. Based on the behavioural responses we captured, we present strategic and operational recommendations for professionals working in research evaluation who are interested in adopting PRA as a way of improving research culture. For example, we highlight the importance of (1) sharing data on the role of chance in traditional peer review, and (2) considering the benefits and risks of PRA at both group and individual applicant levels.
The assessment of the sexuality of patients with a borderline personality disorders based on their 2D:4D digit ratio
Authors: Holka-Pokorska Justyna , Kucharski Adam 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
The hormonal composition of amniotic fluid during prenatal development, particularly the androgen-to-estrogen ratio, may influence neuronal differentiation related to sexual response patterns and the capacity to control impulsive sexual behaviors in later life.

Aim
This study aims to assess sexual behaviors and characterize sexual responses in women with borderline personality disorder (BPD) compared to a control group.

Methods
The study included 33 women diagnosed with BPD and 56 women in a control group. BPD diagnoses were based on clinical psychiatric evaluation and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. Elements of sexual response were measured using the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX). The digit ratio (2D:4D) served as a biomarker for testosterone and estrogen exposure during early prenatal development.

Main outcomes
ASEX results were analyzed in the categories of “desire,” “arousal,” and “vaginal lubrication” subscales, along with the 2D:4D digit ratio for both hands.

Results
Lower values for the right–hand digit ratio were observed in the BPD group compared to the control group (0.989, SD = 0.034 vs. 1.016, SD = 0.039; P = 0.0014), potentially indicating higher prenatal testosterone levels. Significant correlations were found in the BPD group between the right–hand digit ratio and scores on the ASEX subscales, specifically “sexual arousal” (r = 0.406, P = 0.019) and “vaginal lubrication” (r = 0.362, P = 0.038).

Clinical implications
These results may support biological hypotheses regarding the origins of sexual dysfunction in women with BPD.

Strengths and limitations
This study is a pioneering attempt to explore the indirect impact of early amniotic hormone composition on the neurobiological conditioning of sexual response and behavior in women with BPD. Limitations include the preliminary nature of the findings, a small sample size, and results that may not be generalizable across all genders.

Conclusions
Physiological aspects of sexual response, such as arousal and vaginal lubrication, in women with BPD appear to be significantly correlated with prenatal testosterone levels, as indicated by the 2D:4D digit ratio.
Pyoderma Gangrenosum Improved with Dapsone and Prednisone: A Case Report
Authors: Merilleno Arbie Sofia P. , Ang-Tiu Charlene Marie 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Pyoderma gangrenosum is a rare ulcerative condition that poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Diagnosis and appropriate management are often delayed due to its rarity and the presence of numerous clinical variants. In this case report, the authors present the case of a 36-year-old man who had long-standing and nonhealing ulcers that did not respond to multiple antibiotics and serial wound debridement. The patient was promptly initiated on oral corticosteroids and dapsone as an adjunctive steroid agent. After 6 months, the patient reported complete resolution of the lesions. This rare case underscores the potential value of combining prednisone and dapsone as a treatment option for pyoderma gangrenosum, particularly in resource-limited settings.
Chloroplast genome characterization and divergence time estimation of Persicaria capitata
Authors: Zeng Xianfa , Liu Chang , Yang Xiaoying , Wang Xinyue , Luo Jiangli , Zhou Ying , Zhang Liyan , Gao Zengjie , Pu Xiang 
Published: January 2025

Objective:
With Persicaria capitata as test materials, we compared and analyzed the chloroplast genome characteristics as well as their phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history with related species of Persicaria nepalensis, Persicaria japonica, Persicaria chinensis, Persicaria filiformis, Persicaria perfoliata, Persicaria pubescens, Persicaria hnydropiper.

Methods:
The Illumina HiSeq high-throughput sequencing platform was used for the first time for P. capitata chloroplast (cp) genome sequencing. NOVOPlasty and CpGAVAS2 were used for assembly and annotation, and Codon W, DnaSP, and MISA were used to conduct a series of comparative genomic analyses between the plant and seven species of the same genus. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the maximum likelihood (ML) and neighbor-joining (NJ) methods, and divergence time was estimated using BEAST.

Results:
The total length of P. capitata cp genome was 158,821 bp, with a GC content of 38.0%, exhibiting a typical circular tetrad structure. The genome contains 127 annotated genes, including 82 protein-coding and 45 tRNA-encoding genes. The cp genome harbors single sequence repeat (SSR) loci primarily composed of A/T. The conserved species structure of this genus is reinforced by the expansion and contraction of the inverted repeat (IR) region. The non-coding regions of the cp genomes exhibited significant differences among the genera. Six different mutation hotspots (psbK-psbI, atpI-rps2, petN-psbD, atpB-rbcL, cemA-petA, ndhI-ndhA-ycf1) were screened from the non-coding regions of genes with high nucleotide variability (pI). These hotspots were expected to define the phylogenetic species of Persicaria. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis of Polygonaceae plants showed that P. capitata was more closely related to P. chinensis than P. nepalensis. Analysis of divergence time indicated that Polygonaceae originated in the Late Cretaceous (~180 Ma) and began to differentiate during the Middle Miocene. Persicaria differentiated ~66.44 million years ago, during the Miocene.

Conclusions:
Our findings will serve as a scientific basis for further research on species identification and evolution, population genetics, and phylogenetic analysis of P. capitata. Further, we provide valuable information for understanding the origin and evolution of Persicaria in Polygonaceae and estimating the differentiation time of Persicaria and its population.
Graphical abstract: http://links.lww.com/AHM/A140.
One-Year Real-World Outcomes of Ab-Externo Gel Stent Placement From the EXPAND Study
Authors: Francis Brian A. , Vera Vanessa , Kim Joshua , Basha Mahdi M. , Lum Bryant , Grayson Douglas , Vold Steven , Balaram Mini , Simonyi Susan , Ansari Husam , Nayak Kolomeyer Natasha 
Published: January 2025

Précis:
In the real-world, retrospective, EXPAND study of consecutive adults with glaucoma, ab-externo gel stent implantation effectively lowered intraocular pressure (34%) and the medication burden (61%), with transient/self-resolving hypotony as the most frequent adverse event (28%).

Purpose:
To assess effectiveness and safety of ab-externo gel stent (GS) implantation in glaucoma.

Methods:
Multicenter, real-world, retrospective study. Consecutive adults with glaucoma and ab-externo GS implantation (with/without phacoemulsification or open/closed conjunctiva) ≥12 months before study entry. Data were extracted between the baseline/preoperative and last follow-up visit or date of secondary surgical intervention (SSI). Primary effectiveness endpoint: proportion of primary eyes (first eye in bilaterally implanted patients) at Month 12 (M12) achieving ≥20% intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction from baseline without medication increase, clinical hypotony, vision loss to counting fingers, or SSI. Secondary effectiveness endpoints included complete success (IOP ≤18 mmHg and ≥20% IOP reduction from medicated baseline without medication, clinical hypotony, or SSI); qualified success (same but without medication increase); and needling rate. Key safety endpoints (all eyes): intraoperative complications, postoperative adverse events (AEs), and SSIs.

Results:
The safety population included 466 eyes; 80.7% received the GS alone and 85.0% were implanted with closed conjunctiva. At M12, 39.1% of all primary eyes (N=413) and 54.9% of primary eyes with IOP and medication data at baseline and M12 (N=213) achieved the primary endpoint. At M12 among all primary eyes, the complete success, qualified success, and needling rates were 33.5%, 56.5%, and 28.6%. Most eyes (97.9%) had no intraoperative complications. The most frequent postoperative AE was transient/self-resolving hypotony (IOP<6 mmHg; 28.1%). Sixty-nine (14.8%) eyes required an SSI.

Conclusions:
Ab-externo GS placement effectively lowered IOP and the medication count without unexpected complications/AEs, expanding implantation options based on patients’ needs and surgeons’ preferences.