bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Etiological Profile, Targeted Levothyroxine Dosing and Impact of Partial Newborn Screening in Congenital Hypothyroidism—A Single Centre Experience
Authors: Nagendra Lakshmi , Bhavani Nisha , Pavithran Praveen V. , Shenoy Mohan , Menon Usha V. , Abraham Nithya , Nair Vasantha , Kumar Harish 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background:
Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most common cause of preventable intellectual disability. Newborn screening (NBS) for CH has been in vogue in many parts of the world since 1970, but despite its well-known benefits, many developing countries including India have not been able to establish universal NBS for CH till date.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to review the clinical aspects of congenital hypothyroidism in a tertiary care university referral teaching hospital, focusing on aetiology of CH, predictors of permanence, optimal targeted dose strategies based on aetiology and the effect of newborn screening on the time to diagnosis.

Material and Methods:
The electronic medical records of 233 children with CH referred to our centre between January 2009 and December 2019 were analysed. A partial NBS was established in the state in 2012.

Results:
Dyshormonogenesis (57.5%) was the most common aetiology of CH. The incidence of transient CH in children with a gland in situ (GIS) was 35%. Levothyroxine (LT-4) dose of >2.75 μg/kg/day (sensitivity 76.5, specificity 72), >2.15 μg/kg/day (sensitivity 82.4, specificity 61.9) and >1.85 μg/kg/day (sensitivity 76.5, specificity 61.9) at years 1, 2 and 3, respectively, were predictors of permanent CH. An initial LT-4 dose ≥8 μg/kg was sufficient and very seldom led to undertreatment in children with dyshormonogenesis. On the contrary, even doses ≥13 mcg/kg/day led to frequent undertreatment in children with thyroid dysgenesis. After the introduction of newborn screening, the median age at diagnosis came down from 45 days (IQR 14–180 days) to ten days (IQR 3–12 days).

Conclusion:
Targeted dosing based on aetiology of CH may be more appropriate to optimise outcomes. The time to diagnosis of CH reduced significantly after the adoption of even a partial NBS program highlighting the urgent need for implementation of the same in resource poor settings.
Prevalence and Predictive Factors of Rhabdomyolysis in COVID-19 Patients: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Hashemi Behrooz , Farhangi Nader , Toloui Amirmohammad , Alavi Seyedeh N. R. , Forouzanfar Mohammad M. , Ramawad Hamzah A. , Safari Saeed , Yousefifard Mahmoud 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
The aim of the present prospective observational study was to demonstrate the prevalence and predictive factors of rhabdomyolysis in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients.

Methods:
The study was performed on reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to the emergency department between March 2020 and March 2021. Peak creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) levels were used to define rhabdomyolysis. A CPK level equal to or more than 1000 IU/L was defined as the presence of moderate to severe rhabdomyolysis. We developed a COVID-19–related Rhabdomyolysis Prognostic rule (CORP rule) using the independent predictors of rhabdomyolysis in COVID-19 patients.

Results:
Five hundred and six confirmed COVID-19 patients (mean age 58.36 ± 17.83 years, 56.32% male) were studied. Rhabdomyolysis occurred in 44 (8.69%) cases throughout their hospitalization. Male gender (odds ratio [OR] = 2.78, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.28, 6.00), hyponatremia (OR = 2.46, 95% CI: 1.08, 5.59), myalgia (OR = 3.04, 95% CI: 1.41, 6.61), D-dimer >1000 (OR = 2.84, 95% CI: 1.27, 6.37), and elevated aspartate aminotransferase level (three times higher than normal range) (OR = 3.14, 95% CI: 1.52, 6.47) were the significant preliminary predictors of rhabdomyolysis. The area under the curve of the CORP rule was 0.75 (95% CI: 0.69, 0.81), indicating the fair performance of it in the prognosis of rhabdomyolysis following COVID-19 infection. The best cutoff of the CORP rule was 3, which had a sensitivity of 72.9% and a specificity of 72.7%.

Conclusion:
This prospective study showed that 8.69% of patients developed rhabdomyolysis following COVID-19 infection. The CORP rule with optimal cutoff can correctly classify 72.8% of COVID-19 patients at risk of developing rhabdomyolysis.
Comparative Analysis of Tools for Assessment of Protein–Energy Wasting in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis
Authors: Sivagnanam Harish , Senthilkumar PK. , Velu Kannan Bhaba , Anand Murugesh , Viswanathan Ramasubramanian 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background:
Patients with chronic kidney disease have muscle wasting, sarcopenia, and cachexia that contribute to frailty and morbidity. The present study assessed the prevalence of protein–energy wasting in dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease population and evaluated the validity of various nutritional assessment tools in diagnosing protein–energy wasting.

Materials and Methods:
All patients above 18 years undergoing dialysis for more than 3 months without any active infection or malignancy were included in our study. Data from anthropometric measurements, dietary assessment, and blood investigations were collected. Protein–energy wasting was assessed by the International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism 2008 criteria. Diagnostic validity of the nutritional assessment tools to predict protein–energy wasting was estimated by area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy statistics.

Results:
A total of 146 patients were studied. The prevalence of protein–energy wasting was 56.8%. Protein–energy wasting was significantly associated with socioeconomic status, hospitalization days, and catheter days. Normalized protein catabolism rate had the highest sensitivity (90.4%) for predicting protein–energy wasting. Malnutritional inflammatory score had the highest area under the curve (0.858), specificity (82.5%), and accuracy (82.2%). Mid-upper arm circumference, Dialysis Malnutrition Score, and albumin were also found to be significant predictors of protein–energy wasting.

Conclusion:
Lack of advanced equipment in suburban and rural centers to detect protein–energy wasting in India can be overcome by using the various stand-alone and combination nutrition assessment tools which have been validated in the present study.
Classification and Analysis of Soil Types using Bayesian Models for the Crop Agronomy
Authors: Ahmed A. Zakiuddin , Razak T. Abdul 
Published: October 2023

The core objective of this research paper is to classify soil a particular region and also perform the scientific study for the prediction of suitable crops, which will yield more profit to the agronomist. The production of agriculture is mainly depends on soil type, cultivation seasons (climate), irrigation method (such as surface, sprinkler, drip/trickle, subsurface etc) and fertilizers (to increase the crop productivity). Soil is classified based on its physical properties (color, texture, structure, porosity, density etc) and chemical properties (phosphorous, nitrogen, carbon, calcium, magnesium, sodium, pH, potassium, sulfur etc). In this research paper soil types are classified by applying Bayesian models to decision tree algorithm and performed various analysis to verify that soil types are correctly classified and as wells to predict suitable crop cultivation during Kharif (monsoon), Rabi (winter) and Zaid (summer) seasons along with suitable irrigation methods and proper use of fertilizers to increase the crop productivity. The proposed algorithm offers unique features by adopting other tree inducers which produce optimum results even though the conditions are leads to chaotic behavior. The final results obtained are presented which illustrates optimum results and generates best decision tree for classification of soil type from the soil dataset. The Bayesian approach guarantees that the classifications of soil types are more accurate than the existing Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) and Decision Tree (DT) algorithms.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Pengkondisian Air Aquarium dan Pemberi Pakan Ikan Otomatis Berbasis Arduino
Authors: Febriyanto Dani , Purwoto Bambang Hari 
Published: October 2023

Banyak orang yang memelihara ikan hias atau didalam aquarium untuk dinikmati keindahannya, akan tetapi banyak juga orang yang menyepelekan masalah kebersihan air didalam aquarium dan juga menyepelekan dalam hal pemberian pakan dikarenakan banyaknya kesibukan sehingga lupa merawat ikan-ikan tersebut, padahal hal tersebut adalah fakor yang paling penting dalam keberlangsungan kehidupan ikan-ikan tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah merancang sebuah alat pengkondisian air aquarium dan pemberi pakan ikan otomatis berbasis Arduino sehingga memudahkan pemelihara ikan pada aquarium membersihkan dan memberikan pakan ikan setiap hari. Metode yang dilakukan adalah melakukan observasi ke salah seorang yang mempunyai peliharaan ikan didalam aquarium guna mengetahui permasalahan yang terjadi saat mengkondisikan air aquarium dan memberi pakan ikan. Tahap perancangan komponen dilakukan berdasarkan dari hasil observasi yang dilakukan guna menghasilkan alat pengkondisian air aquarium dan pemberi pakan ikan otomatis berbasis Arduino dan bebearapa sensor antara lain sensor Ultrasonik, sensor Turbidity, juga menggunakan Real Time Clock (RTC) dan motor servo. Tahapan pengujian alat dilakukan dengan menaruh sensor Turbidity kedalam aquarium sehingga sensor tersebut akan mendeteksi apakah dalam keadaan tingkat kekeruhan air yang normal dan untuk pemberian pakan ikan RTC akan mendeteksi jadwal pakan yang telah ditentukan untuk menggerakan motor servo dan akan membuka penutup wadah pakan ikan dan menumpahkannyab ke dalam aquarium. Tahap analisa data dari keseluruhan penelitian dilakukan guna menganalisis data yang diberikan dari hasil penelitian sistem alat pengkondisian air aquarium dan pemberi pakan ikan otomatis berbasis arduino.
Theodore Metochites
Authors: Polemis Ioannis , Smyrlis Kostis , Stanković Vlada , Sode Claudia , Shea Jonathan , Vernon Clare , Polemis Ioannis , Wood Jamie , Cosentino Salvatore 
Published: October 2023

The statesman and scholar Theodore Metochites was one of the most important personalities of the fourteenth-century Byzantine Empire. A close advisor to the emperor Andronikos II and restorer of the famous monastery of Chora in Constantinople, Metochites left various writings including orations, poems, essays and commentaries on classical and religious texts, in which he discusses the numerous problems that troubled him and his contemporaries, such as the decline of the state and the tension between public life and that of the philosopher.
In this book, Ioannis Polemis provides the first in-depth study of Metochites’ oeuvre, revealing the complex way he represented the authorial self to critique the politics and mores of his day, whilst at the same time shielding himself from potential criticism. Polemis details the way Metochites deftly manipulated figures and tropes from classical antiquity and early Christianity to justify his role in public life, which was traditionally shunned by scholars in the pursuit of ‘logos’. The book provides unique insights into one of the late Empire’s most important figures, as well as more widely deepening our understanding of classical reception in Byzantium and the social, political and intellectual climate of Constantinople in the fourteenth century.
Stephen Colbert
Authors: Andronik Catherine M. 
Published: October 2023

This book explores how comedian Stephen Colbert's satiric views of American life have captured the imagination of viewers around the world—and sharpened these individuals' own critical interpretations and opinions on current events.
Stephen Colbert may be "just a comedian"—one not all audiences find funny, especially among those who have been mercilessly lampooned by him—but there is no arguing that the condescending, bombastic, and largely ignorant pundit he plays on Comedy Central has brought awareness of current events and political happenings to a substantially larger portion of the American population.
The only available biography on Stephen Colbert, this book examines his life story and details how he became one of the most influential people on current American culture. Beginning with coverage of Colbert's childhood, the chapters discuss his education, highlighting his interest in drama; describe his introduction to the world of comedy; review his contributions as a "correspondent" on The Daily Show with Jon Stewart; and focus on Colbert's accomplishments and antics as the star of his faux news program that debuted in the fall of 2005, The Colbert Report.
Food Insecurity
Authors: Schanbacher William D. , Uy Whitney Fung 
Published: October 2023

This comprehensive and authoritative all-in-one resource examines the issue of food insecurity in the United States, including the various economic, social, political, and cultural factors that drive the problem.
Social welfare agencies, schools, food banks, and other organizations have all put forth efforts to combat food insecurity, but it remains a serious risk for millions of poor Americans today. Food Insecurity: A Reference Handbook examines why that is the case.
It begins with a history of food insecurity in America, dating back to the country's origins, through to the Great Depression, and into the present day. It also delves into the problems and controversies related to food insecurity, such as urban food deserts, substance abuse issues, and income inequality. One of the most valuable aspects of the book is that it surveys the history of food insecurity in a manner that helps the reader identify key issues in an easy-to-understand fashion. Finally, the perspectives chapter allows a broad range of voices to be heard, allowing crucial, diverse perspectives to round out the author's expertise.
Abolition Movement
Authors: Upchurch T. Adams 
Published: October 2023

This powerful narrative tells the triumphant story of the men and women who spent their lives and fortunes trying to abolish the institution of slavery in the United States.
The practice of African slavery has been described as the United States’s most shameful sin. Undoing this practice was a long, complex struggle that lasted centuries and ultimately drove America to a bitter civil war.
After an introduction that places the United States’s form of slavery into a global, historical perspective, author T. Adams Upchurch shows how an ancient custom evolved into the American South’s peculiar institution. The gripping narrative will fascinate readers, while excerpts from primary documents provide glimpses into the minds of key abolitionists and proslavery apologists. The book’s glossary, annotated bibliography, and chronology will be indispensable tools for readers researching and writing papers on slavery or abolitionists, making this text ideal for high school and college-level students.
Carrie Underwood
Authors: Hackett Vernell 
Published: October 2023

In this book, follow the career of Carrie Underwood as she goes from the American Idol competition to worldwide celebrity.
Carrie Underwood: A Biography follows the singer from a small town in Oklahoma to the stages of the most prestigious concert halls in the world. Along the way, fans will read about this girl-next-door's decision to compete on American Idol and her subsequent triumph there, about her first recordings in Nashville and her platinum albums, and about her sold-out concert tours with superstars like Brad Paisley, Kenny Chesney, and Keith Urban.
But the book isn't only about Underwood as a celebrity. It is also about how she uses that celebrity to do good works, including speaking out for the Humane Society of the United States, participating in a song that benefited Stand Up For Cancer, doing public service announcements for the Do Something youth organization, and touring for the USO.
Celeb 2.0
Authors: Burns Kelli S. 
Published: October 2023

This volume looks at how the new capabilities of Web 2.0 are changing the worlds of celebrity fandom and gossip.
With Ashton Kutcher’s record-breaking “tweeting” more famous than his films, and Perez Hilton actually getting more attention than Paris, the actress often covered in his blog, the worlds of celebrity celebration and online social networking are pushing the public’s crush on the famous and infamous into overdrive. Celeb 2.0: How Social Media Foster Our Fascination with Popular Culture explores this phenomenon.
Celeb 2.0 looks at how blogs, video sharing sites, user-news sites, social networks, and message boards are fueling America’s already voracious consumption of pop culture. Full of fascinating insights and interviews, the book looks at how celebrities use blogs, Twitter, and other tools, how YouTube and other sites create celebrity, how Web 2.0 shortens the distance between fans and stars, and how the new social media influences news reporting and series television.
Che Guevara
Authors: Harris Richard L. 
Published: October 2023

This concise biography of the world famous revolutionary Che Guevara provides the most up-to-date and comprehensive account available of his remarkable life, tragic death, and enduring political legacy.
Che Guevara is one of the most controversial and iconic figures in recent memory and is still a hero to many. Che Guevara: A Biography provides a balanced and engaging introduction to the famous revolutionary leader. Based on original research, the biography reveals how Che's early life prepared him for leadership in the Cuban Revolution. It also explores his revolutionary activities in Africa and Bolivia, as well as the circumstances surrounding his tragic death on October 9, 1967.
More than just a record of events, the book cogently examines Che's contributions to the theory and tactics of guerrilla warfare, his ideas about imperialism and socialism, and his enduring political legacy. It includes original information on the 1997 discovery of the hidden remains of his body and on the celebration of his life and ideals by the socialist regime in Cuba. And it looks at the reasons why leftist political leaders, movements, and governments in Latin America and the Caribbean still pay homage to this charismatic man.
Culture and Customs of Tanzania
Authors: Otiso Kefa M. 
Published: October 2023

This book provides a fascinating, up-to-date overview of the social, cultural, economic, and political landscapes of Tanzania.
In Culture and Customs of Tanzania, author Kefa M. Otiso presents an approachable basic overview of the country's key characteristics, covering topics such as Tanzania's land, peoples, languages, education system, resources, occupations, economy, government, and history. This recent addition to Greenwood's Culture and Customs of Africa series also contains chapters that portray the culture and social customs of Tanzania, such as the country's religion and worldview; literature, film, and media; art, architecture, and housing; cuisine and traditional dress; gender roles, marriage, family structures, and lifestyle; and music, dance, and drama.
Daily Life during African American Migrations
Authors: Phillips Kimberley L. 
Published: October 2023

This book examines the century-long migration of African Americans who moved within the South after the Civil War and then left to settle permanently in other regions, irrevocably altering the political, social, and cultural history of the United States; and considers these movements within the broader historical, political, and cultural context of the African Diaspora.
Daily Life during African American Migrations focuses attention to the everyday social, cultural, and political lives of migrants in the United States as they established communities far away from their former homes. This book examines blacks' labor and urban experiences, social and political activism, and cultural and communal identities, while also considering the specificity of African Americans' migration as part of their long struggle for freedom and equality.
The author merges information from black migration studies, which focus on the internal movement of African American people in the United States, with African Diaspora studies, which consider peoples of African descent who have settled far from their native homes—either voluntarily or through duress—to document how these immigrants and their children create new communities while maintaining cultural connections with Africa. The stories of the nine million African Americans who collectively left the South between 1865 and 1965—and the millions more who left the Caribbean and Africa—not only document this long history of migration, but also present compelling human drama.
Daily Life in Elizabethan England
Authors: Forgeng Jeffrey L. 
Published: October 2023

This book offers an experiential perspective on the lives of Elizabethans—how they worked, ate, and played—with hands-on examples that include authentic music, recipes, and games of the period.
Daily Life in Elizabethan England: Second Edition offers a fresh look at Elizabethan life from the perspective of the people who actually lived it. With an abundance of updates based on the most current research, this second edition provides an engaging—and sometimes surprising—picture of what it was like to live during this distant time.
Readers will learn, for example, that Elizabethans were diligent recyclers, composting kitchen waste and collecting old rags for papermaking. They will discover that Elizabethans averaged less than 2 inches shorter than their modern British counterparts, and, in a surprising echo of our own age, that many Elizabethan city dwellers relied on carryout meals—albeit because they lacked kitchen facilities. What further sets the book apart is its “hands-on” approach to the past with the inclusion of actual music, games, recipes, and clothing patterns based on primary sources.
Daily Life of the Aztecs
Authors: Carrasco Davíd , Sessions Scott 
Published: October 2023

Examine the fascinating details of the daily lives of the ancient Aztecs through this innovative study of their social history, culture, and continuing influence, written from the perspective of the history of religions.
Utilizing insights from the discipline known as the history of religions, as well as new discoveries in archaeology, pictorial manuscripts, and ritual practices, Daily Life of the Aztecs, Second Edition weaves together a narrative describing life from the bottom of the Aztec social pyramid to its top. This new and surprising interpretation of the Aztecs puts a human face on an ancient people who created beautiful art and architecture, wrote beautiful poetry, and loved their children profoundly, while also making war and human sacrifice fundamental parts of their world.
The book describes the interaction between the material and the imaginative worlds of the Aztecs, offering insights into their communities, games, education, foodways, and arts, as well as the sacrificial rituals they performed. The authors also detail the evolution of the Aztec state and explores the continuity and changes in Aztec symbols, myths, and ritual practices into the present day.
Daily Life of Women during the Civil Rights Era
Authors: Moon Danelle 
Published: October 2023

From the suffrage movement to the antiwar protests during the Vietnam War, women have contributed to the civil rights movement in diverse ways, thereby playing a significant role in advancing social justice and democracy in the United States.
Daily Life of Women during the Civil Rights Era is appropriate for high school students, lower-level undergraduate student researchers, and general readers alike, portraying the civil rights movement in the 20th century through the eyes and experiences of women. Progressive Era reform, suffrage victory, World War I, World War II, the Cold War, feminism, antiwar movements, and identity politics are all covered. The book's seven chapters also explore themes related to citizenship, birth control and reproduction, domestic violence, labor and employment, racism, peace movements, and human rights.