bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study on measurement of dielectric constant by free space transmission method at C band
Authors: Hashimoto Osamu , Sato Atsuki , Hanazawa Masahiro , Tani Kensuke , Endo Tetsuo 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn this paper, we looked at the C band used by wireless local area networks (LANs) and conducted a basic study of methods for measuring the complex permittivity by a free space transmission method using horn antennas. In the study, we quantitatively examined the significant effect of the errors produced by widening the directivity of the horn antenna on the size of the measurement sample and distance between the antenna and the sample of, for example, acrylic board. We compared these measurement results to those of the resonator method and verified excellent agreement. We also verified excellent agreement between measurements of the complex permittivity of plasterboard building material as the sample and published measurements. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 87(10): 18–25, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10191
Evaluation of discontinuous Galerkin and spectral volume methods for scalar and system conservation laws on unstructured grids
Authors: Sun Yuzhi , Wang Z. J. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe discontinuous Galerkin (DG) and spectral volume (SV) methods are two recently developed high‐order methods for hyperbolic conservation laws capable of handling unstructured grids. In this paper, their overall performance in terms of efficiency, accuracy and memory requirement is evaluated using a 2D scalar conservation laws and the 2D Euler equations. To measure their accuracy, problems with analytical solutions are used. Both methods are also used to solve problems with strong discontinuities to test their ability in discontinuity capturing. Both the DG and SV methods are capable of achieving their formal order of accuracy while the DG method has a lower error magnitude and takes more memory. They are also similar in efficiency. The SV method appears to have a higher resolution for discontinuities because the data limiting can be done at the sub‐element level. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using the job demands‐resources model to predict burnout and performance
Authors: Bakker Arnold B. , Demerouti Evangelia , Verbeke Willem 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe job demands‐resources (JD‐R) model was used to examine the relationship between job
characteristics, burnout, and (other‐ratings of) performance (N =
146). We hypothesized that job demands (e.g., work pressure and emotional demands) would be the most
important antecedents of the exhaustion component of burnout, which, in turn, would predict in‐role
performance (hypothesis 1). In contrast, job resources (e.g., autonomy and social support) were
hypothesized to be the most important predictors of extra‐role performance, through their relationship with
the disengagement component of burnout (hypothesis 2). In addition, we predicted that job resources would
buffer the relationship between job demands and exhaustion (hypothesis 3), and that exhaustion would be
positively related to disengagement (hypothesis 4). The results of structural equation modeling analyses
provided strong support for hypotheses 1, 2, and 4, but rejected hypothesis 3. These findings support the
JD‐R model's claim that job demands and job resources initiate two psychological processes, which
eventually affect organizational outcomes. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Special report: Sense of urgency at SEC developments conference
Authors: Rouse Robert W. , Weirich Thomas R. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractWhat's on the SEC's mind for 2004? Our authors attended the latest SEC Developments Conference to find out. With the recent demise of Arthur Andersen, and a spate of bankruptcies that cost investors billions of dollars, there was a sense of urgency in the air. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluating organizational strategy using accounting data: A template for a fine‐grained analysis
Authors: Sopariwala Parvez R. , Subramanian Ram 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA company's operating income can be considered to have three components—growth, price recovery, and productivity. These components can be used to evaluate the success of a company's cost‐leadership or product‐differentiation strategies. The growth component can be further analyzed to incorporate a long‐term view and focus on capacity‐underutilization components so as to capture changes in a company's capacity costs, available capacities, and used capacities. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Decisionarium—aiding decisions, negotiating and collecting opinions on the web
Authors: Hämäläinen Raimo P. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractDecisionarium (www.decisionarium.hut.fi) is the first public site for interactive multicriteria decision support with tools for individual decision‐making as well as for group collaboration and negotiation. Web‐HIPRE (www.hipre.hut.fi) supports value tree and AHP analysis including group models. The RICH methodology (www.rich.hut.fi) allows the decision maker to provide incomplete ordinal preference statements when considering the relative importance of attributes in a value tree. Opinions‐Online (www.opinion.hut.fi) is a platform for surveys voting and group collaboration. There are different ways for voting, multiattribute scoring, surveys as well as interactive viewing of the results. Joint Gains (www.jointgains.hut.fi) applies the method of improving directions to support multiparty negotiations in a multicriteria setting. Smart Swaps offers an implementation of the even swaps procedure (www.smart‐swaps.hut.fi). All of the tools above are web‐based, so global interaction is natural and links can be utilized for multimedia information support. Decisionarium also offers access to complete e‐learning modules (www.dm.hut.fi) based on the use of the software. There are also illustrative powerpoint presentations and additional Windows software WINPRE and PRIME‐Decisions for value tree analysis under incomplete information. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A hybrid domain decomposition method based on aggregation
Authors: Vassilevski Yu. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA new two‐level black‐box preconditioner based on the hybrid domain decomposition technique is proposed and studied. The preconditioner is a combination of an additive Schwarz preconditioner and a special smoother. The smoother removes dependence of the condition number on the number of subdomains and variations of the diffusion coefficient and leaves minor sensitivity to the problem size. The algorithm is parallel and pure algebraic which makes it a convenient framework for the construction parallel black‐box preconditioners on unstructured meshes. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Properties of Hadamard product of inverse M‐matrices
Authors: Yang Chuansheng , Xu Chengxian 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThis paper concerns with the properties of Hadamard product of inverse M‐matrices. Structures of tridiagonal inverse M‐matrices and Hessenberg inverse M‐matrices are analysed. It is proved that the product A ○ AT satisfies Willoughby's necessary conditions for being an inverse M‐matrix when A is an irreducible inverse M‐matrix. It is also proved that when A is either a Hessenberg inverse M‐matrix or a tridiagonal inverse M‐matrix then A ○ AT is an inverse M‐matrix. Based on these results, the conjecture that A ○ AT is an inverse M‐matrix when A is an inverse M‐matrix is made. Unfortunately, the conjecture is not true. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.
Stimuli‐responsive ABC triblock copolymers by sequential living cationic copolymerization: Multistage self‐assemblies through micellization to open association
Authors: Sugihara Shinji , Kanaoka Shokyoku , Aoshima Sadahito 
Published: April 2004

AbstractStimuli‐responsive ABC triblock copolymers with three segments with different phase‐separation temperatures were synthesized via sequential living cationic copolymerization. The triblock copolymers exhibited sensitive thermally induced physical gelation (open association) through the formation of micelles. For example, an aqueous solution of EOVE200‐b‐MOVE200‐b‐EOEOVE200[where EOVE is 2‐ethoxyethyl vinyl ether, MOVE is 2‐methoxethyl vinyl ether and EOEOVE is 2‐(2‐ethoxy)ethoxyethyl vinyl ether; the order of the phase‐separation temperatures was poly(EOVE) (20 °C) < poly(EOEOVE) (41 °C) < poly(MOVE) (70 °C)] underwent multiple reversible transitions from sol (<20 °C) to micellization (20–41 °C) to physical gelation (physical crosslinking, 41–64 °C) and, finally, to precipitation (>64 °C). At 41–64 °C, the physical gel became stiffer than similar diblock or ABA triblock copolymers of the same molecular weight. Furthermore, the ABC triblock copolymers exhibited Weissenberg effects in semidilute aqueous solutions. In sharp contrast, another ABC triblock copolymer with a different arrangement, EOVE200‐b‐EOEOVE200‐b‐MOVE200, scarcely exhibited any increase in viscosity above 41 °C. The temperatures of micelle formation and physical gelation corresponded to the phase‐separation temperatures of the segment types in the ABC triblock copolymer. No second‐stage association was observed for AB and ABA block copolymers with the same thermosensitive segments found in their ABC counterparts. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 2601–2611, 2004
Effects of a Korean herbal formulation, Silsosangami, consisting of seven medicinal herbs, and its seven herbs on endotoxin‐induced experimental thrombosis in rats
Authors: Park Won‐Hwan , Ahn Jong‐Chan , Kim Hyung‐Min , Lee Young‐Choon , Kim Cheorl‐Ho 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA traditional Korean medicine, Silsosangami (SSG), consisting of seven different herbs of Typhae Pollen, Pteropi Faeces, Paeoniae Radicis rubra, Cnidii Rhizoma, Persicae Semen, Carthami Flos and Curcumae Tuber, has been reported to have a hypolipidemic effect in human subjects. In the present study, the inhibitory effects of SSG on a thrombosis in rats, induced by endotoxin treatment were examined. The anti‐thrombic properties of SSG were also investigated with respect to blood parameters. The extracts of SSG and ﬁve of the seven herbs, except Cnidii Rhizoma and Carthami Flos, inhibited both endotoxin‐induced disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and thrombosis in rats. The extract also inhibited the endotoxin‐induced decrease in blood platelets and ﬁbrinogen, and the endotoxin‐induced increase in ﬁbrin degradation products (FDP) on disseminated intravascular coagulation in normal rats. In conclusion, the artiﬁcially induced, protective effects of SSG on ischemic infarction might be related to their inhibitory effects on DIC, platelet coagulation and thrombotic action. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efﬁcacy of Enicostemma littorale in type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Upadhyay Umesh M. , Goyal Ramesh K. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractPills prepared from Enicostemma littorale (Gentianaceae) were administered to 84 patients with Type 2 Diabetes for three months. Estimation of various biochemical parameters showed that E. littorale reduced blood glucose as well as serum insulin levels and prevented the progression of complications in diabetic patients. Signiﬁcant improvement in kidney function, lipid proﬁle and blood pressure was observed suggesting that E. littorale is an effective herbal antidiabetic. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perspectives on rationality in system dynamics—a workshop report and open research questions
Authors: Größler Andreas , Milling Peter , Winch Graham 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA research workshop at Mannheim University, Germany, brought together a small group of Europe‐based experts in system dynamics to discuss basic assumptions about rationality in system dynamics modeling and simulation. As an underlying theme it was found that—although system dynamics is open for various notions of rationality—policies are mostly modeled to be bounded rational and, in this sense, system dynamics models are valid descriptions of real‐world situations. By reviewing key points emerging during the debates against the relevant literature, this article identiﬁes a number of important further research issues. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Micrometastases of Solitary Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Appropriate Resection Margin
Authors: Shi Ming , Zhang Chang‐Qing , Zhang Ya‐Qi , Liang Xiao‐Man , Li Jin‐Qing 
Published: April 2004

AbstractWe studied the pattern of intrahepatic micrometastases using large pathologic sections on liver resection specimens with ample resection margins from 113 patients with a solitary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The liver tissues around the HCC were divided into proximal and distal areas according to the direction of the portal vein flow. These areas were further divided into zones based on fixed criteria. Altogether, 273 micrometastases were identified, including 254 (93.0%) intravascular micrometastases and 19 (7.0%) tumor satellite micronodules. The distance of spread of these micrometastases ranged from 0.05 to 6.10 cm. The number of micrometastases was less in the proximal area than in the distal area. In addition, the farther the distance away from the primary tumor, the fewer micrometastases there were. Micrometastases extended beyond the 2 cm margin in only nine (8.0%) patients. In conclusion, micrometastases could spread via invasion of portal vein branches at an early stage even when the tumor was solitary and small. Anatomic segment resection is preferred for patients with a solitary HCC. Nonanatomic resection may be used as an alternative in patients with impaired liver function, but adequate resection margins should be achieved. For HCCs ≤ 3 cm, a proximal resection margin and a distal margin of 1.0 cm are recommended. For HCCs > 3 cm, a 1.0 proximal resection margin and a 2.0 cm distal margin are recommended.
The Temporal Relationship Between College Women's Alcohol Consumption and Victimization Experiences
Authors: Parks Kathleen A. , Fals‐Stewart William 
Published: April 2004

Abstract: Background: The primary objective of the study was to assess changes in the conditional probability of sexual and nonsexual victimization on days of any alcohol consumption compared with days of heavy and no alcohol consumption in a sample of college women.Methods: We used the Timeline Followback calendar method to assess daily alcohol consumption and concurrent daily incidents of sexual and nonsexual aggression over a 6‐week period.Results: The odds of experiencing sexual aggression were 9 times higher on heavy days and 3 times higher on nonheavy days of alcohol consumption compared with days of no alcohol consumption. The odds of experiencing nonsexual aggression were more than 7 times higher on heavy days and nearly 3 times higher on nonheavy days of alcohol consumption compared with days of no alcohol consumption.Conclusions: These findings provide evidence of a temporal association between college women's alcohol consumption and increased risk for victimization. In addition, use of the TLFB appears to be a reasonable and cost effective means for collecting daily data on alcohol consumption and victimization experiences among college women.
Ethanol‐Induced Fos Immunoreactivity in the Extended Amygdala and Hypothalamus of the Rat Brain: Focus on Cholinergic Interneurons of the Nucleus Accumbens
Authors: Herring Bruce E. , Mayfield R. Dayne , Camp Marguerite C. , Alcantara Adriana A. 
Published: April 2004

Abstract: Background: The primary goal of this study was to investigate the effects of varying doses of ethanol on cellular activation, as measured by Fos immunoreactivity, in brain areas that have been implicated in the reinforcing and anxiolytic effects of substance abuse and dependence, namely, the extended amygdala and hypothalamus. Specific regions examined included the central nucleus of the amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, substantia innominata, and nucleus accumbens of the extended amygdala, as well as the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. The cholinergic interneurons of the nucleus accumbens were of particular interest, because these cells have recently been reported to play a pivotal role in substance abuse.Methods: Adult Sprague‐Dawley rats underwent 10 days of handling and 5 days of habituation. Animals then received an injection of saline or 0.5, 1, or 2 g/kg of ethanol. Rats were perfused 2 hr after the injections, and brain sections were processed for single Fos or dual Fos/choline acetyltransferase immunolabeling procedures. The number of Fos‐positive neurons was calculated from a 0.45‐mm2 sample area from each of the brain regions examined.Results: A dose of 2 g/kg of ethanol significantly increased the number of Fos‐immunoreactive neurons in the central nucleus of the amygdala by 149%, in the shell nucleus accumbens by 80%, and in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus by 321%. Additionally, 1 g/kg of ethanol significantly increased the percentage of Fos‐immunoreactive cholinergic neurons in the nucleus accumbens by 59%.Conclusions: The findings reported in this study reveal region‐specific and dose‐dependent changes in Fos immunoreactivity in the extended amygdala and hypothalamus and, more specifically, an increase in neuronal activation of cholinergic cells in the shell nucleus accumbens. These findings contribute to our current knowledge of the brain areas and cellular microcircuits involved in the underlying basis of substance abuse and dependence.
Quantifying severe maternal morbidity: a Scottish population study
Authors: Brace Victoria , Penney Gillian , Hall Marion 
Published: April 2004

Objective  To quantify the incidence of severe maternal morbidity in Scotland and determine the feasibility of doing so.Design  Prospective observational study.Setting  All 22 consultant led maternity units in Scotland, between 1 October 2001 and 30 September 2002.Population  Women during pregnancy and the puerperium.Methods  Definitions for 13 categories of severe maternal morbidity were developed from published work. Recruitment of maternity units, and training of staff, took place at a national meeting. Each month, every unit reported cases meeting the agreed definitions, the category of incident and date. Data were collated centrally and analysed to determine the frequency of incidents. The number of maternal deaths occurring in Scotland over the same period was obtained from the Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Deaths.Main outcome measures  Number and rate of defined events being reported. A subjective view of the feasibility of collecting national data routinely.Results  Severe morbidity was reported in 196 women, out of 51,165 deliveries in Scotland (rate 3.8 per 1000 deliveries). Thirty percent of cases fell into more than one defined category. Major obstetric haemorrhage accounted for 50% of events. Only a third of identified patients were admitted to intensive care units. Four relevant maternal deaths occurred.Conclusions  Categories of severe maternal morbidity can be defined and may provide a useful measure of the quality of maternity services, particularly in developed countries where maternal mortality is very rare. It appears feasible to set up a national reporting system for maternal morbidity, as well as mortality.
A population‐based evaluation of the impact of antenatal screening for Down's syndrome in France, 1981–2000
Authors: Khoshnood Babak , De Vigan Catherine , Vodovar Véronique , Goujard Janine , Goffinet François 
Published: April 2004

Objective  To evaluate the impact of policy and practice changes in prenatal screening for Down's syndrome on prenatal diagnosis and live birth prevalence of Down's syndrome.Design  Population‐based observational study.Setting  Greater Paris.Population  Residents of Greater Paris who gave birth or had a termination of pregnancy in Paris during 1981–2000(∼38,000 births per year).Methods  Data on 1916 cases of Down's syndrome were obtained from the Paris Registry of Congenital Anomalies. Analyses included binomial and Poisson models of trends in three periods: prior to 1989(reference period), 1989–1995(reimbursement of amniocentesis in case of ultrasonographic anomalies) and 1996–2000(widespread use of reimbursed serum screening and measurement of nuchal translucency).Main outcome measures  Trends in proportion of Down's syndrome cases diagnosed prior to birth; live birth prevalence of Down's syndrome.Results  The proportion of Down's syndrome detected prenatally for women <38 years of age increased ninefold; from 9.5% (95% CI 2.7–22.6) in 1981 to 84.9% (95% CI 74.6–92.2) in 2000. For women >38 years of age, the increase was 1.5‐fold. The live birth prevalence of Down's syndrome decreased by 3% per year (prevalence ratio [PR] 0.97, 95% CI 0.96–0.99); the age‐adjusted decrease was 13%. The analysis by period showed that the decrease in live birth prevalence of Down's syndrome was greater after 1988.Conclusions  By far, most cases of Down's syndrome are currently detected prenatally in the Parisian population. Consequently, the live birth prevalence of Down's syndrome has decreased despite consistent trends towards delayed childbearing. These positive public health effects have to be balanced against a relatively high rate of amniocentesis and the potentially negative consequences of widespread prenatal testing for individuals born with Down's syndrome.
Coma Stimulation
Authors: Bos Sara 
Published: April 2004

Abstract(1) Coma stimulation is a treatment in which a health care professional or a patient's family member systematically applies stimulation to one or more of the patient's five senses, for the purpose of increasing patient responsiveness. The rationale is that exposure to frequent and various sensory stimulation will facilitate both dendritic growth and improve synaptic connectivity in those with damaged nervous systems (Ansell, 1991 [1]; Kater, 1989 [7]). This review was conducted to determine whether research supports the incorporation of a coma stimulation program into routine nursing care. Included studies were of stimulation programs in inpatient settings, analyzing both multimodal and unimodal sensory stimulation. Implications for nursing practice are given, including specific prescriptives for implementing a coma stimulation program and areas for further research.
The Therapeutic Value of Cranberries In Treating and Preventing Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: Eichhorst Anne M. , Janken Janice K. , Mullen Tina M. 
Published: April 2004

Abstract(1) Studies bearing on the therapeutic value of cranberries in the prevention and/or treatment of urinary tract infections are reviewed. Research results are grouped to address the following questions: 1) Does cranberry juice ingestion acidify urine? 2) Does cranberry juice inhibit the adherence of bacteria to bladder cells? 3) What research evidence exists to support that cranberry juice is an effective intervention for urinary tract infections? And 4) Does cranberry ingestion enhance antibiotic effectiveness?