bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural correlates of visual perceptual learning in humans indexed by event‐related potentials
Authors: Ding Yulong , Song Yan , Fan Silu , Chen Lin 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe current work investigated the neural correlates of visual perceptual learning by recording event‐related potentials (ERPs) from human adults. Subjects were trained with a discrimination task of arrow orientation in three consecutive training sessions within 2 hours. While reaction times (RTs) were shortened gradually across training sessions, the amplitudes of negativities between 125–155 ms (N1) and between 290–340 ms (N2) decreased mainly over the central and parietal areas respectively. However, a broadly distributed P3 component increased along with more practice. In addition, the decrease in N1 and increase in P3 preceded the decrease in N2. The implications of these results to the neural mechanisms subserving perceptual learning are discussed.
Homeobox gene repertoire in adult rat dorsal root ganglia
Authors: Vogelaar Christina F. , Smits Simone M. , Brakkee Jan H. , Gispen Willem H. , Smidt Marten P. , Schrama Louise H. , Hoekman Marco F. M. , Burbach J. Peter H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractHomeobox genes encode transcription factors that play key roles in embryonic development of the nervous system. Dorsal root ganglia are part of the peripheral nervous system that arises from the neural crest. Several homeobox genes are known to play important roles in the development of neural crest and dorsal root ganglia. Some of these remain expressed in the adult dorsal root ganglia (DRG). In order to get more insight into the homeobox gene repertoire in adult rat DRG, we performed RT‐PCR with degenerate primers and identified twenty‐two homeobox genes. We found homeobox genes that were reported before in embryonic or adult DRG, as well as homeobox genes associated before with neural crest (derivatives). Some of the genes were not reported in relation to neural crest or DRG before. Two homeobox genes displayed sequence differences with their mouse counterparts, possibly being close homologues. The diversity of homeobox genes expressed in adult DRG suggests that gene regulatory events initiated during development remain operative in the mature DRG.
An improved numerical simulator for different types of flows in porous media
Authors: Wang Hong , Liang Dong , Ewing Richard E. , Lyons Stephen L. , Qin Guan 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe develop an improved numerical simulator for subsurface compressible flows through porous media with point sources and sinks, which are governed by different equations of state. Computational experiments show that the simulator can generate stable simulation for different types of incompressible or compressible flows involving light or heavy components in porous media with point sources and sinks, large mobility ratios, discontinuous permeabilities and porosities, and anisotropic dispersion in tensor form, even though very large time steps and spatial grids are used. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 19: 343–362, 2003.
Time discretizations for Maxwell‐Bloch equations
Authors: Bidégaray B. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn this article we derive new time discretizations for the numerical simulation of Maxwell‐Bloch equations. These discretizations decouple the equations, thus leading to improved efficiency. This approach may be combined with the fulfilment of physical properties, such as positiveness properties, which are not accounted for by classical schemes. Our time discretizations are moreover proved to be nonlinearly stable. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 19: 284–300, 2003.
Numerical methods and error analysis for one dimensional elliptic problems containing singularities
Authors: Kim Hoonjoo , Lee Sung‐Jin , Oh Hae‐Soo 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe method of auxiliary mapping (MAM), introduced by Babuška and Oh, was proven to be very successful in dealing with monotone singularities arising in two‐dimensional problems. In this article, in the framework of the p‐version of FEM, MAM is presented for one‐dimensional elliptic boundary value problems containing singularities. Moreover, in order to show the effectiveness of MAM, a detailed proof of an error estimate is also presented, which gives a sharp error bound of MAM. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 19: 399–420, 2003.
Has welfare reform changed teenage behaviors?
Authors: Kaestner Robert , Korenman Sanders , O'Neill June 
Published: March 2003

AbstractData from the National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth 1979 and 1997 cohorts were used to compare welfare use,
fertility, educational attainment, and marriage among teenage women in the years before and immediately
following welfare reform. The first objective was to document differences between these cohorts in welfare use
and outcomes and behavior correlated with entry into welfare and with future economic and social
well‐being. The second objective was to investigate the causal role of welfare reform in behavioral
change. Significant differences were found between cohorts in welfare use and in outcomes related to welfare
use. Furthermore, difference‐in‐differences estimates suggest that welfare reform has been
associated with reduced welfare receipt, reduced fertility, and reduced marriage among young women who, because
of a disadvantaged family background, are at high risk of welfare receipt. Finally, in the post‐welfare
reform era, teenage mothers are less likely to receive welfare and are more likely to live with at least one
parent than in the pre‐reform era. Establishing more definitively that welfare reform is responsible for
these changes will require further investigation. © 2003 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and
Management.
Role for macrophage migration inhibitory factor in acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Lai Kar Neng , Leung Joseph CK , Metz Christine N , Lai Fernand M , Bucala Richard , Lan Hui Yao 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe critical role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in mediating inflammatory lung injury in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has been raised recently. The present study has identified enhanced MIF protein expression in alveolar capillary endothelium and infiltrating macrophages in lung tissues from ARDS patients. The possibility that MIF up‐regulates its synthesis in an autocrine fashion in ARDS was tested using cultured endothelial cells stimulated with MIF and a murine model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced acute lung injury. MIF induced significant MIF and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α synthesis in cultured endothelial cells and the effect was blocked by neutralizing anti‐MIF antibody. A similar blocking effect was observed when MIF‐stimulated endothelial cells were pretreated with neutralizing anti‐TNF‐α antibody or glucocorticoid, supporting the notion that MIF induced TNF‐α production via an amplifying pro‐inflammatory loop. Treatment with anti‐MIF or glucocorticoid effectively attenuated pulmonary pathology and the synthesis of MIF or TNF‐α in mice with LPS‐induced acute lung injury. Mildly augmented expression of aquaporin 1 (AQP1) was also detected in alveolar capillary endothelium in ARDS. In vitro studies revealed that both MIF and TNF‐α induced a small increase of AQP1 synthesis in cultured endothelial cells. These findings suggest that MIF plays a crucial pathological role leading to alveolar inflammation in ARDS. Anti‐MIF and early glucocorticoid therapy may represent a novel therapeutic approach for reducing alveolar inflammation in ARDS. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Therapieempfehlungen in der Apotheke: Topische Antimykotika
Authors: Kresken Joachim 
Published: March 2003

AbstractMit der Entlassung zahlreicher topischer Antimykotika aus der Verschreibungspflicht und den damit verbundenen erweiterten Möglichkeiten zur Selbstmedikation hat die Apotheke bei der Behandlung von Dermatomykosen an Bedeutung und Verantwortung gewonnen. Da sie häufig die erste Anlaufstelle der Betroffenen ist, beeinflussen die dort ausgesprochenen Therapieempfehlungen den weiteren Krankheitsverlauf. Außerdem kann die Apotheke mit ihrer Beratung einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Förderung der insbesondere bei den Azolderivaten suboptimalen Patientencompliance leisten. Um diesen Aufgaben nachkommen zu können, sind Kenntnisse über die Symptome, mögliche Folgeerkrankungen, Differentialdiagnosen und Behandlungsmaßnahmen der zahlenmäßig bedeutsamsten Dermatomykosen notwendig, die durch geeignete Fortbildungsmaßnahmen erworben werden müssen.
Neues zum alten Histamin I. Ein weiteres Mitglied in der Rezeptorfamilie
Authors: Stark Holger , Schlegel Birgit , Sippl Wolfgang 
Published: March 2003

AbstractDie Entdeckung eines neuen Histamin‐H4‐Subrezeptors beim Menschen könnte zu neuen Kenntnissen über immunologische Prozesse führen.
Comparison of models of maternal age‐specific risk for Down syndrome live births
Authors: Morris J. K. , Wald N. J. , Mutton D. E. , Alberman E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectivesTo display and compare the different published formulae that specify the association between maternal age and the risk of a Down syndrome live birth.MethodsPapers published since 1987 on the prevalence of Down syndrome live births in relation to maternal age were located using MEDLINE and the references given in other papers. The data series and the models fitted to them were plotted to obtain a visual idea of their similarities and differences.ResultsThe observed and modelled age‐specific rates for Down syndrome births were remarkably similar in all published series of data for women up to the age of 35, were reasonably similar for women aged 35 to 45, but differed for women older than 45.ConclusionIn practice, the overall small differences in age‐related risk between the different studies did not materially affect the performance of antenatal screening for Down syndrome. If a choice is to be made, the analysis based on the National Down Syndrome Cytogenetic Register (NDSCR) has marginal advantages since it is based on the largest data set and the corresponding model fits the data well. More data is needed to clarify the pattern of risk with maternal age among women over 45 years of age. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First‐trimester nuchal translucency measurement and echocardiography at 16 to 18 weeks of gestation in prenatal detection for trisomy 18
Authors: Cheng Po‐Jen , Liu Ching‐Ming , Chueh Ho‐Yen , Lin Chien‐Ming , Soong Yung‐Kwei 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackgroundTrisomy 18, the second most common autosomal trisomy, has the highest incidence of congenital heart disease of all chromosomal abnormalities. This study assessed the use of nuchal translucency (NT) measurement and fetal echocardiography at 16 to 18 weeks of gestation in prenatal detection for trisomy 18.MethodsScreening for chromosomal aneuploidy using fetal NT measurement was performed at 10 to 14 weeks of gestation. Detailed fetal echocardiography was performed at 16 to 18 weeks of gestation immediately before genetic amniocentesis for fetal karyotyping in singleton pregnancies with increased fetal NT thickness.ResultsOf the 3151 singleton pregnancies included in our study, 171 cases (5.4%) of increased (≥3.0 mm) NT were noted. Fetal chromosomal abnormalities were identified in 22 (12.9%) of these pregnancies, including 9 with trisomy 21, 5 with trisomy 18, 4 with 45,X and 4 with unbalanced structural abnormalities. Major defects of the heart and the great arteries were identified in 13 (7.6%) of these pregnancies with increased NT. These included eight pregnancies that also had the diagnosis of chromosomal aneuploidy. Among the 22 fetuses with confirmed aneuploidy, all 5 fetuses with trisomy 18, 1 of the 4 fetuses with 45,X and 2 of the 9 fetuses with trisomy 21 had increased fetal NT thickness associated with abnormal fetal echocardiography findings.ConclusionsScreening for Down syndrome and cardiac defects using first‐trimester fetal NT measurement in combination with fetal echocardiography at 16 to 18 weeks of gestation is a feasible and sensitive procedure for the prenatal detection of trisomy 18. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bulk passivation of multicrystalline silicon solar cells induced by high‐rate‐deposited (> 1 nm/s) silicon nitride films
Authors: Hong J. , Kessels W. M. M. , van Assche F. J. H. , Rieffe H. C. , Soppe W. J. , Weeber A. W. , van de Sanden M. C. M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSilicon nitride (a‐SiNx:H) films deposited by the expanding thermal plasma at high rate (> 1 nm/s) have been studied for application as anti‐reflection coatings for multicrystalline silicon (mc‐Si) solar cells. Internal quantum efficiency measurements have revealed that bulk passivation is achieved after a firing‐through process of the a‐SiNx:H as deposited from NH3/SiH4 and N2/SiH4 plasmas. However, the a‐SiNx:H films deposited from N2/SiH4 show a lower passivation quality than those deposited from NH3/SiH4. This has been attributed to a poorer thermal stability of the films deposited from the N2/SiH4 plasma, resulting in structural changes within the film during the firing step. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Das Sterninterferometer auf dem Paranal: Teleskoptechnik
Authors: Glindemann Andreas 
Published: March 2003

AbstractMit der Interferometrie kann das Winkelauflösungsvermögen gegenüber der Beobachtung mit einem Einzelteleskop enorm gesteigert werden. Im Jahr 2001 wurden zum ersten Mal die 8‐m‐Teleskope der ESO auf dem Cerro Paranal zu einem Sterninterferometer kombiniert. In den nächsten Jahren wird sich herausstellen, ob Sterninterferometer die Astronomie genau so prägen werden, wie es Radiointerferometern in den letzten Jahrzehnten gelungen ist.
Das Spiel mit der kritischen Masse
Authors: Loos Andreas 
Published: March 2003

AbstractEr wird in ein wohlhabendes Elternhaus geboren. Als Jugendlicher besitzt er eine Segeljacht, als Student trägt er Anzüge, die sich keiner seiner Kommilitonen leisten kann, und als junger Professor verdient er mit privaten Einkünften doppelt so viel wie mit dem Professorengehalt.
Evaluation of nonionic and zwitterionic detergents as membrane protein solubilizers in two‐dimensional electrophoresis
Authors: Luche Sylvie , Santoni Véronique , Rabilloud Thierry 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe solubilizing power of various nonionic and zwitterionic detergents as membrane protein solubilizers for two‐dimensional electrophoresis was investigated. Human red blood cell ghosts and Arabidopsis thaliana leaf membrane proteins were used as model systems. Efficient detergents could be found in each class, i.e. with oligooxyethylene, sugar or sulfobetaine polar heads. Among the commercially available nonionic detergents, dodecyl maltoside and decaethylene glycol mono hexadecyl ether proved most efficient. They complement the more classical sulfobetaine detergents to widen the scope of useful detergents for the solubilization of membrane proteins in proteomics.
Degradation of a poly(ester urethane) elastomer. III. Estane 5703 hydrolysis: Experiments and modeling
Authors: Salazar Michael R. , Lightfoot J. Michael , Russell Bobby G. , Rodin Wayne A. , McCarty Melanie , Wrobleski Debra A. , Orler E. Bruce , Spieker David A. , Assink Roger A. , Pack Russell T 
Published: March 2003

AbstractHydrolytic degradation data from a wide variety of experiments on Estane 5703, a commercial poly(ester urethane), are modeled with an AAC2 mechanism of reversible esterification and hydrolysis together with a cluster model for water concentration. The experimental conditions spanned a range of temperatures from 21 to 95 °C, relative humidities from 0 to 100%, times up to more than 30 years, and different initial molecular weights and acidities. In addition, the experiments were performed in several different laboratories with a number of different instruments and techniques. All the experimental data, both for molecular weight and acidity, are modeled with a single set of concentration‐independent rate coefficients, and the kinetic model fits the data well and constitutes a robust model of the hydrolytic degradation of this polymer. The results also show that ester hydrolysis is the dominant cause of the molecular weight loss of Estane 5703 in indoor storage at ambient temperatures and humidities. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 1136–1151, 2003
Modification of the universal calibration of gel permeation chromatography to include macromolecules presenting a draining effect
Authors: Dondos Anastasios , Papanagopoulos Dimitrios 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA new universal calibration for gel permeation chromatography is proposed in which the hydrodynamic volume of the macromolecular chains is expressed by the quantity [η]M/Φ instead of the commonly used quantity [η]M (where [η] is the intrinsic viscosity, M is the molecular mass, and Φ is Flory's parameter). Introducing Φ into the hydrodynamic volume is necessary because its value changes from one polymer to another when the polymers present a certain draining effect. The proposed procedure also allows the determination of Φ of any wormlike polymer. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 707–710, 2003
Comparisons of distress in adolescents of cancer patients and controls
Authors: Harris Casey A. , Zakowski Sandra G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractHaving a family member with cancer has been associated with symptoms of distress. While studies have reported distress in adolescents with a parent with cancer, few have included control groups of adolescents with healthy parents. Adolescents who had at least one parent diagnosed with cancer (n=27) and controls (n=23) completed questionnaires on PTSD, anxiety, depression, cancer risk perceptions, and family environment. Groups did not differ on anxiety and depression, but adolescents with an ill parent perceived their own risk for developing cancer as significantly higher than controls. Controls reported significantly higher levels of intrusive thoughts and avoidance regarding other stressful life events. A positive family environment was correlated with higher anxiety and depression, and expressiveness mediated the relations between family cohesion and anxiety. These preliminary findings suggest that distress reported in previous studies of adolescents with parents with cancer may be due to this transitional period of life. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cancer knowledge among Spanish women participating in literacy schemes
Authors: Estapé Tania , Estapé Jordi , Grau Juan J. , Ferrer Conxita 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAccess to information on cancer prevention and treatment is often difficult for ethnic or low socio‐economic groups. This study aimed to ascertain level of knowledge about cancer, and breast cancer in particular, in Spanish women from low socio‐economic groups participating in literacy schemes. A study specific questionnaire was administered to 541 women All participants were married with a median of 2 children, and a total family income of less than 10,000 euros per year. The main themes covered: understanding of and access to screening, knowledge about cancer risk, diagnosis and prognosis.The majority of these women (66%) feel they have no control over getting cancer and 26% report that it can be caught from others. Most believe that a mammogram is the best method of diagnosis (87%) but a minority (14%) agree with the statement that breast cancer can be caused by breast feeding. In general, younger women are better informed and more optimistic about prognosis.In Spain there are problems in disseminating information about cancer to lower social‐economic groups. These results confirm that more cancer education needs to be directed to low income and socially deprived groups. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risk factors for initial acquisition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in children with cystic fibrosis identified by newborn screening
Authors: Maselli Judith H. , Sontag Marci K. , Norris Jill M. , MacKenzie Todd , Wagener Jeff S. , Accurso Frank J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe objective of this study was to identify risk factors for initial detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) identified by newborn screening. Life history data on 180 patients, collected prospectively in a follow‐up study of infants and children diagnosed with CF, were examined for factors associated with the initial detection of P. aeruginosa ascertained by oropharyngeal cultures. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to assess the effect of baseline and time‐varying covariates on age at first positive culture for P. aeruginosa. Seventy‐nine patients (44%) had at least one culture positive for P. aeruginosa during the study. The median age of detection was 8.1 years (95% CI, 7.0, 10.0). Median length of follow‐up was 4.1 years, ranging from 0.2–15.5 years. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified female gender (RR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.14, 3.01), the ΔF508 homozygous genotype (RR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.30, 3.80), and S. aureus isolations (RR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.11, 1.52) to be independently associated with acquisition of P. aeruginosa. Other marginally independent associations were found with days hospitalized and increased height. We conclude that female gender, homozygous ΔF508 mutation, and S. aureus isolations are important risk factors for early P. aeruginosa detection in children with CF identified through newborn screening. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 35:257–262. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anti‐inflammatory treatment for recurrent wheezing in the first five years of life
Authors: Kaditis Athanasios G. , Gourgoulianis Konstantinos , Winnie Glenna 
Published: March 2003

AbstractMedications identified for the treatment of recurrent wheezing in preschool children by the Expert Panel Report of the NHLBI Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma include inhaled corticosteroids, chromones, theophylline, and leukotriene pathway modifiers. However, these various agents differ in their mechanism, extent of action on the airway inflammatory process, and degree of clinical efficacy. Inhaled corticosteroids can control symptoms in many young children with even severe persistent wheezing, but data on their long‐term safety when administered in preschool‐age children are scarce. There is some information on the uninterrupted use of inhaled corticosteroids in school‐age children and the absence of an adverse effect on ultimate adult height. Despite laboratory evidence of adrenal suppression in some studies, few pediatric cases of clinical adrenal insufficiency have been reported. Low‐dose inhaled corticosteroid (<400 mcg/day for beclomethasone), which is adequate for controlling mild persistent symptoms, is generally safe. Chromones have a remarkable safety profile, but they are most effective for symptoms of mild severity. Promising data have been published on the efficacy and safety of leukotriene pathway modifiers when used in young children with persistent symptoms. It is uncertain whether early introduction and long‐term administration of inhaled corticosteroids prevent development of irreversible airway obstruction. Nevertheless, they may be especially useful for patients with moderate to severe disease in whom other agents (chromones or leukotriene pathway modifiers) will most likely fail to control symptoms. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 35:241–252. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.