bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The clinical evaluation of HER‐2 status: which test to use?
Authors: Bartlett John , Mallon Elizabeth , Cooke Tim 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAccurate determination of the status of the type I receptor tyrosine kinase HER‐2 in breast carcinomas provides significant insight into patient prognosis and may also inform selection of chemotherapeutic and hormonal treatments. At present, however, the single most important application of HER‐2 testing is in the selection of patients for treatment with targeted therapies such as Herceptin. Although, based on current literature, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) detection of HER‐2 gene amplification may provide more accurate information in this context, this method is not yet widely available. Therefore, screening by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for HER‐2 protein, backed by rigorous quality controls and FISH testing of equivocal cases with intermediate staining intensity, remains the current practice. In laboratories with highly standardized testing and quality assurance procedures, this protocol appears highly effective. Improvements in fixation procedures, standardization of antibodies, and use of automated image analysis may all increase the precision of IHC testing. However, on the basis of current data, there is a case to be made for the wider implementation of FISH testing to determine HER‐2 status in breast cancer. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal diagnosis of a karyotypically normal pregnancy in a mother with a supernumerary neocentric 13q21 → 13q22 chromosome and balancing reciprocal deletion
Authors: Knegt A. C. , Li S. , Engelen J. J. M. , Bijlsma E. K. , Warburton P. E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAn adult female patient with a history of miscarriages was found to be carrying a stable supernumerary chromosome. The patient also carried a reciprocal paracentric deletion in chromosome 13q21/22. Microdissection and reverse fluorescence in situ hybridization FISH revealed that this supernumerary chromosome was derived from region 13q21 → 13q22. The presence of a neocentromere on this supernumerary chromosome was confirmed by the absence of detectable alpha satellite DNA using FISH and the presence of centromere proteins CENP‐C and CENP‐A using immunofluorescence. The absence of telomere sequences suggests that the marker is a ring chromosome (r(13)). FISH using ordered BACs from the chromosome region 13q21 → 13q31 permitted the precise positioning of the r(13) chromosome and the corresponding deletion to chromosome bands 13q21.32 → 13q22.2. BAC 280J7 from within the r(13) was used as a FISH probe for the prenatal analysis of amniocytes at 16 weeks of gestation, which revealed a normal karyotype for the fetus. This r(13) chromosome represents the first description of chromosome 13 of the rarer class of neocentric chromosomes that are derived from interstitial deletions. It represents the first example of prenatal diagnosis in a phenotypically normal female that was ascertained to carry a neocentric marker. The presence of such a neocentric marker/deletion karyotype in a parent presents unique possible karyotypic outcomes for conceptions and unusual challenges for genetic counseling. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reconstruction of the surface topography of randomly textured silicon
Authors: Kuchler Gregor , Brendel Rolf 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe describe an algorithm that reconstructs a surface model from stereoscopic scanning electron micrographs of randomly textured silicon surfaces. From the reconstructed model we extract size distributions of the {111}‐faceted upright pyramids. The algorithm is thus a useful tool for statistical control of the texturing process. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thin‐film (25.5 μm) solar cells from layer transfer using porous silicon with 32.7 mA/cm2 short‐circuit current density
Authors: Feldrapp Karlheinz , Horbelt Renate , Auer Richard , Brendel Rolf 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe fabricate a 25.5‐μm‐thick monocrystalline Si solar cell with a confirmed power conversion efficiency of 15.4% and an area of 3.88 cm2 using a layer transfer process with porous Si. The process is free of photolithography and contains no high‐temperature oxidation steps. We investigate three design features that improve the short‐circuit current density to a value of 32.7 mA/cm2 under AM1.5 illumination. The detached back reflector contributes 2 mA/cm2, a reduced front‐surface reflectance accounts for an additional 2 mA/cm2 and a reduced base doping increases the current density by 1 mA/cm2. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cross deformation and stress relaxation of biaxially oriented polystyrene films
Authors: Chau C. C. , Li J. C. M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWhen a biaxially oriented polystyrene film was stretched along one direction and subsequently stretched along the perpendicular direction, the film showed enhanced ductility with pronounced yield softening and extended strain hardening. In the forward deformation, at least two types of shear bands were observed. The bands at the early stages of yielding did not seem to contribute to the reduction of thickness. They were approximately 200 μm thick and had an intersection angle of approximately 120°. The bands developed in the later stages contributed to the thickness reduction. These bands were smaller and possessed an intersection of approximately 90°. In the cross deformation, new shear bands developed that were likely related to the reverse shearing of the existing bands. Stress relaxation showed a power‐law relationship between the stress rate and relaxation time. The internal stress of the cross deformation was significantly (ca. 3 times) lower than that of the forward deformation at the same strain. The enhancement in ductility may be attributed to the lowering of internal stress during the cross deformation. The internal stress increased with the applied stress and strain. Fracture occurred when the internal stress reached a certain level, about 57–68 MPa for deformation along both directions and approximately 44–47% of the final applied stress. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 687–700, 2003
Molecular model for solubility of gases in flexible polymers
Authors: Neergaard Jesper , Hassager Ole , Szabo Peter 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe propose a model for a priori prediction of the solubility of gases in flexible polymers. The model is based on the concept of ideal solubility of gases in liquids. According to this concept, the mole fraction of gases in liquids is given by Raoult's law with the total pressure and the vapor pressure of the gas, where the latter may have to be extrapolated. However, instead of considering each polymer molecule as a rigid structure, we estimate the effective number of degrees of freedom from an equivalent freely jointed bead‐rod model for the flexible polymer. In this model, we associate the length of the rods with the molecular weight corresponding to a Kuhn step. The model provides a tool for crude estimation of the gas solubility on the basis of only the monomer unit of the polymer and properties of the gas. A comparison with the solubility data for several gases in poly(dimethylsiloxane) reveals agreement between the data and the model predictions within a factor of 7 and that better model results are achieved for temperatures below the critical temperature of the gas. The model predicts a decreasing solubility with increasing temperature (because of the increasing vapor pressure) and that smaller gas molecules exhibit a lower solubility than larger ones (e.g., CH4 has a smaller solubility than CO2), which agrees with the experimental data. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 701–706, 2003
Laryngotracheal involvement of relapsing polychondritis in a Korean girl
Authors: Kim Cheol‐Min , Kim Bong‐Seong , Cho Kyung‐Ja , Hong Soo‐Jong 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe describe a young girl presenting with acute dyspnea because of laryngotracheal involvement of relapsing polychondritis (RP). RP, a multisystemic disorder of unknown etiology, is a very rare disease in children. It is characterized by inflammation and destruction of the cartilaginous structure of many organs, including the respiratory tract. Early respiratory tract involvement in younger patients is the greatest threat to life, and aggressive therapy, including tracheostomy and intravenous high‐dose steroids, is advocated. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 35:314–317. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Damage of a High‐Energy Solid Propellant and Its Deflagration‐to‐Detonation Transition
Authors: Zhang Taihua , Bai Yilong L. , Wang Shiying Y. , Liu Peide D. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn order to assess the safety of high‐energy solid propellants, the effects of damage on deflagration‐to‐detonation transition (DDT) in a nitrate ester plasticized polyether (NEPE) propellant, is investigated. A comparison of DDT in the original and impacted propellants was studied in steel tubes with synchronous optoelectronic triodes and strain gauges. The experimental results indicate that the microstructural damage in the propellant enhances its transition rate from deflagration to detonation and causes its increased sensitivity. It is suggested that the mechanical properties of the propellant should be improved to reduce its damage so that the probability of DDT might be reduced.
Application of the anharmonic coherent states to the vibronic interaction
Authors: Avram C.N. , Drăgănescu Gh.E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe calculated the vibronic reduction factor (Ham factor) for the physical system (molecules, crystals) with octahedral symmetry. The vibrations of the nuclei of the systems are described by the anharmonic states of the Morse potential and also by the anharmonic coherent states of the same potential. The linear vibronic coupling of these vibration states with the electronic states of the system are considered.
Single qubit estimation from repeated unsharp measurements
Authors: Diósi L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWhen estimating an unknown single pure qubit state, the optimum fidelity is 2/3. As it is well known, the value 2/3 can be achieved in one step, by a single ideal measurement of the polarization along a random direction. I analyze the opposite strategy which is the long sequence of unsharp polarization measurements. The evolution of the qubit under the influence of repeated measurements is quite complicated in the general case. Fortunately, in a certain limit of very unsharp measurements the qubit will obey simple stochastic evolution equations known for long under the name of time‐continuous measurement theory. I discuss how the outcomes of the very unsharp measurements will asymptotically contribute to our knowledge of the original qubit. It is reassuring that the fidelity will achieve the optimum 2/3 for long enough sequences of the unsharp measurements.
Wave packet motion and decoherence in an anharmonic potential
Authors: Földi P. , Benedict M.G. , Czirják A. , Molnár B. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe time evolution of wave packets in the Morse potential is investigated under the influence of the environment consisting of harmonic oscillators. We obtain a Markovian master equation that incorporates the fact that due to the nonequidistant spectrum, the relaxation rate of each energy eigenstate is different. The nonunitary time evolution is visualized by the aid of the Wigner function related to the reduced density operator of the Morse system. The time scale of decoherence is much shorter than that of dissipation, and gives rise to states which are mixtures of localized states along the phase space orbit of the corresponding classical particle. This behaviour is to a large extent independent of the coupling strength, the temperature of the environment and also of the initial state.
Test of the CPT symmetry using laser spectroscopy on antiprotonic atoms
Authors: Horváth D. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAntiprotons stopped in helium get trapped in long‐living orbits making possible to study their atomic transitions via laser spectroscopy. These measurements started at CERN, Geneva, 10 years ago at the Low Energy Antiproton Ring and now continue at CERN's Antiproton Decelerator. The main result of the ASACUSA experiment is an improvement in the measurement of the antiproton mass and charge, which tests the CPT invariance when compared with those of the proton.
Two‐mode Schrödinger cats, entanglement and teleportation
Authors: Janszky J. , Asbóth J. , Gábris A. , Vukics A. , Koniorczyk M. , Kobayashi T. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTwo‐mode Schrödinger cats consisting of two and four coherent‐state terms are considered. It is shown that they are closely related to the quadrature entangled EPR pair. The properties of their wave functions are investigated from their aspects of entanglement. It is shown that at certain parameters the entangled properties of the two‐mode Schrödinger cats allow for good teleportation fidelity. A theoretical generalization to the teleportation of two qubits is also discussed.
Dynamics of a single trapped ion in an optical underdamped cavity
Authors: Maniscalco S. , Messina A. , Di Fidio C. , Vogel W. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe dynamics of a single trapped ion placed inside a high Q optical cavity is studied in presence of cavity losses and far from the Lamb‐Dicke regime. In the underdamped cavity limit, analytical results for describing the dynamics of the system are derived making use of the secular approximation. Our method allows to obtain analytical expressions for the time evolution of the joint vibration‐photon number distribution and for the occupation probability of the upper electronic state of the ion.
Parametric down‐conversion experiments with stationary fields
Authors: Peřinová V. , Lukš A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractReturning from the Wigner to the Hilbert‐space formalism, we have augmented the detailed analysis of the four experiments by Casado et al. [Phys. Rev. A55, 3879 (1997)]. Starting from realistic, though arbitrary, parameters we have made numerical calculations of the visibility of fourth‐order interference. We have found that two of these experiments are rather proposals than reported ones and we have formulated an alternative to the description of one of them.
Spin triplet superconductivity in Sr2RuO4
Authors: Wysokiński Karol I. , Litak G. , Annett J. F. , Györffy B. L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSr2RuO4 is at present the best candidate for being a superconducting analogue of the triplet superfluidity in 3He. This material is a good (albeit correlated) Fermi liquid in the normal state and an exotic superconductor below Tc. The mechanism of superconductivity and symmetry of the order parameter are the main puzzling issues of on‐going research. Here we present the results of our search for a viable description of the superconducting state realised in this material. Our calculations are based on a three‐dimensional effective three‐band model with a realistic band structure. We have found a state with non‐zero order parameter on each of the three sheets of the Fermi surface. The corresponding gap in the quasi‐particle spectrum has line or point nodes on the α and β sheets and is complex with no nodes on the γ sheet. This state describes remarkably well a number of existing experiments including power low temperature dependence of the specific heat, penetration depth, thermal conductivity etc. The stability of the state with respect to disorder and different interaction parameters are also analyzed briefly.
A Monte Carlo study of the mixed phase region in the 3D Ashkin–Teller model
Authors: Musiał G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractOur MC method has been extended to check the type of ordering and to determine the character of phase transitions and the positions of the boundaries of the mixed phase region in the three‐dimensional Ashkin‐Teller spin‐lattice model. Some results for this model on a cubic lattice are presented, which confirm the existence of such a region and determine the positions of its boundaries as well as the character of phase transitions.
Computational modeling of complexes of penta‐ammine osmium (II) with aromatic ligands
Authors: Trindle Carl , Sacks Gavin , Harman W. Dean 
Published: March 2003

AbstractComplexation of aromatic species with penta‐ammine osmlium (II)[Os]has remarkable effects on their structure and reactivity. The η2‐complexed dearomatized ligand can be encouraged to react in ways of great convenience in synthetic projects. We model the structure of complexes of [Os] with various descriptions of correlation and in various bases. The most satisfactory method for structures is a perturbation correlation corrected model (MP2) with a hybrid basis, 6‐31G* on all but osmium, and the LANL2DZ basis and associated pseudopotential for that heavy atom. A B3LYP/hybrid scheme seems to produce better estimates of binding and isomerization energies for a range of ligands, including hydrocarbons, heteroaromatics, and substituted benzenes. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2003
Theoretical study of the reactions of the 1Σ+ ground state of MS+ (M = Sc, Y, and La) with oxygen‐transfer reagent MS+ + CO → ScO+ + CS in the gas phase
Authors: Xie Xiao‐Guang , Ye Song , Shi Nan‐Hua , Zhou Yong‐Ming , Cao Huai 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe reaction mechanisms of the 1Σ+ ground state of MS+ (M = Sc, Y, and La) with oxygen‐transfer reagent MS+ + CO → MO+ + CS in the gas phase has been proposed and investigated by ab initio methods with the 6‐31G* basis set for nonmetal atoms and the effective core potentials of Lanl2dz for the metal atoms. A carbon migration from oxygen atom to sulfur atom via a four‐center transition state is involved on the reaction potential surface. The activation energies of the reactions are 34.0, 24.1, and 36.7 kcal/mol relative to their corresponding reactants and the reaction heats are 15.7, 18.6, and 18.0 kcal/mol (respectively, for M = Sc, Y, and La) at the MP4 (SDTQ)/6‐31G*//MP2/6‐31G* level plus zero‐point energy, which indicates that the cationic yttrium sulfide is more favorable for this type of reaction. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2003
Dipole‐bound anions supported by charge–transfer interaction: Anionic states of HnF3−nN → BH3 and H3N → BHnF3−n (n = 0, 1, 2, 3)
Authors: Sawicka Agnieszka , Anusiewicz Iwona , Skurski Piotr , Simons Jack 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe possibility of electron binding to five molecules (i.e., F3N → BH3, H2FN → BH3, HF2N → BH3, H3N → BH2F, H3N → BHF2) was studied at the coupled cluster level of theory with single, double, and noniterative triple excitations and compared to earlier results for H3N → BH3 and H3N → BF3. All these neutral complexes involve dative bonds that are responsible for significant polarization of these species that generates large dipole moments. As a consequence, all of the neutral systems studied, except F3N → BH3, support electronically stable dipole‐bound anionic states whose calculated vertical electron detachment energies are 648 cm−1 ([H2FN → BH3]−), 234 cm−1 ([HF2N → BH3]−), 1207 cm−1 ([H3N → BH2F]−), and 1484 cm−1 ([H3N → BHF2]−). In addition, we present numerical results for a model designed to mimic charge–transfer (CT) and show that the electron binding energy correlates with the magnitude of the charge flow in the CT complex. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2003
Heterolytic activation of CH bond in methane with (HNCHCHNH)M(CH3) (M = Pd+, Pt+, Rh+, Ir+, Rh, Ir): Comparative density functional study of activation mechanisms
Authors: Heiberg Hanne , Gropen Odd , Swang Ole 
Published: March 2003

AbstractActivation of methane by oxidative addition and σ‐bond metathesis has been investigated for (N‐N)M(CH3) (M = Pd+, Pt+, Rh+, Ir+, Rh, Ir; N‐N = (HNCHCHNH) using different density functional approaches. The pathway of oxidative addition is in general favored, the exceptions being Pd+ and Rh+. Oxidative addition is clearly more favorable for the third‐row metal complexes than those of the second row. The third‐row metal complexes also tend to have a lower activation barrier for σ‐bond metathesis than those of the second row. In each case, the oxidative addition is preceded by formation of a sigma complex. The bonding energies of these complexes are significantly stronger for the cationic systems. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2003
New Traversability Indices and Traversability Grid for Integrated Sensor/Map‐Based Navigation
Authors: Seraji Homayoun 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis paper presents new measures of terrain traversability at short range and long range of a mobile robot; namely, local and global traversability indices. The sensor‐based local traversability index is related by a set of linguistic rules to large obstacles and surface softness within a short range of the robot measured by on‐board sensors. The map‐based global traversability index is obtained from the terrain topographic map, and is based on major surface features such as hills and lakes within a long range of the robot. These traversability indices complement the mid‐range sensor‐based regional traversability index introduced earlier. Each traversability index is represented by four fuzzy sets with the linguistic labels {POOR, LOW, MODERATE, HIGH}, corresponding to surfaces that are unsafe, moderately‐unsafe, moderately‐safe, and safe for traversal, respectively. The global terrain analysis also leads to the new concepts of traversability map and traversability grid for representation of terrain quality based on the global map information. The traversability indices are used in two sensor‐based traverse‐local and traverse‐regional behaviors and one map‐based traverse‐global behavior. These behaviors are integrated with a map‐based seek‐goal behavior to ensure that the mobile robot reaches its goal safely while avoiding both sensed and mapped terrain hazards. This provides a unified system in which the two independent sources of terrain quality information, i.e., prior maps and on‐board sensors, are integrated together for reactive robot navigation. The paper is concluded by a graphical simulation study. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Automated Gripper Jaw Design and Grasp Planning for Sets of 3D Objects
Authors: Balan Lucian , Bone Gary M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAn algorithm for automatically generating a common jaw design and planning grasps for a given set of polyhedral objects is presented. The algorithm is suitable for a parallel‐jaw gripper equipped with three cylindrical fingers. The common jaw design eliminates the need for custom made grippers and tool changing. The proposed jaw configuration and planning approach reduces the search associated with locating the finger contacts from six degrees‐of‐freedom to one degree‐of‐freedom. Closed‐form algorithms for checking force closure and for predicting jamming are developed. Three quality metrics are introduced to improve the quality of the planned grasps. The first is a measure of the sensitivity of the grasp to errors between the actual and planned finger locations. The second is a measure of the efficiency of the grasp in terms of the contact forces. The third is a measure of the dependence of force closure on friction. These quality metrics are not restricted to cylindrical fingers and can be applied tonfinger grasps. Running on a standard PC, the algorithm generated a solution in less than five minutes for a set of five objects with a total of 456 triangular facets. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.