bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An “Oblique Effect” in Infants' Haptic Perception of Spatial Orientations
Authors: Gentaz Edouard , Streri Arlette 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe present research addresses the question of the “oblique effect” (better discrimination of the vertical orientation than of an oblique orientation) in manual haptic perception of orientations (without visual control) by 5-month-old infants. A familiarization/reaction to novelty procedure was used. The results revealed the occurrence of a haptic oblique effect. These findings are similar to those obtained in infant visual perception. We suggest that 5-month-old infants predominately use vertical orientation as a reference norm to perceive haptically spatial orientations. We discuss the implications of these results for both orientation processing and anatomofunctional level contributing specifically to the haptic oblique effect.
A Neurocomputational Model of Analogical Reasoning and its Breakdown in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
Authors: Morrison Robert G. , Krawczyk Daniel C. , Holyoak Keith J. , Hummel John E. , Chow Tiffany W. , Miller Bruce L. , Knowlton Barbara J. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAnalogy is important for learning and discovery and is considered a core component of intelligence. We present a computational account of analogical reasoning that is compatible with data we have collected from patients with cortical degeneration of either their frontal or anterior temporal cortices due to frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). These two patient groups showed different deficits in picture and verbal analogies: frontal lobe FTLD patients tended to make errors due to impairments in working memory and inhibitory abilities, whereas temporal lobe FTLD patients tended to make errors due to semantic memory loss. Using the “Learning and Inference with Schemas and Analogies” model, we provide a specific account of how such deficits may arise within neural networks supporting analogical problem solving.
ERP Evidence for Cross-Modal Audiovisual Effects of Endogenous Spatial Attention within Hemifields
Authors: Eimer Martin , Velzen José van , Driver Jon 
Published: April 2004

Abstract
Previous ERP studies have uncovered cross-modal interactions in endogenous spatial attention. Directing attention to one side to judge stimuli from one particular modality can modulate early modality-specific ERP components not only for that modality, but also for other currently irrelevant modalities. However, past studies could not determine whether the spatial focus of attention in the task-irrelevant secondary modality was similar to the primary modality, or was instead diffuse across one hemifield. Here, auditory or visual stimuli could appear at any one of four locations (two on each side). In different blocks, subjects judged stimuli at only one of these four locations, for an auditory (Experiment 1) or visual (Experiment 2) task. Early attentional modulations of visual and auditory ERPs were found for stimuli at the currently relevant location, compared with those at the irrelevant location within the same hemifield, thus demonstrating within-hemifield tuning of spatial attention. Crucially, this was found not only for the currently relevant modality, but also for the currently irrelevant modality. Moreover, these within-hemifield attention effects were statistically equivalent regardless of the task relevance of the modality, for both the auditory and visual ERP data. These results demonstrate that within-hemifield spatial attention for one task-relevant modality can transfer cross-modally to a task-irrelevant modality, consistent with spatial selection at a multimodal level of representation.
The Inferior Frontal Gyrus and Phonological Processing: An Investigation using rTMS
Authors: Nixon Philip , Lazarova Jenia , Hodinott-Hill Iona , Gough Patricia , Passingham Richard 
Published: April 2004

Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) offers a powerful new technique for investigating the distinct contributions of the cortical language areas. We have used this method to examine the role of the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) in phonological processing and verbal working memory. Functional neuroimaging studies have implicated the posterior part of the left IFG in both phonological decision making and subvocal rehearsal mechanisms, but imaging is a correlational method and it is therefore necessary to determine whether this region is essential for such processes. In this paper we present the results of two experiments in which rTMS was applied over the frontal operculum while subjects performed a delayed phonological matching task. We compared the effects of disrupting this area either during the delay (memory) phase or at the response (decision) phase of the task. Delivered at a time when subjects were required to remember the sound of a visually presented word, rTMS impaired the accuracy with which they subsequently performed the task. However, when delivered later in the trial, as the subjects compared the remembered word with a given pseudoword, rTMS did not impair accuracy. Performance by the same subjects on a control task that required the processing of nonverbal visual stimuli was unaffected by the rTMS. Similarly, performance on both tasks was unaffected by rTMS delivered over a more anterior site (pars triangularis). We conclude that the opercular region of the IFG is necessary for the normal operation of phonologically based working memory mechanisms. Furthermore, this study shows that rTMS can shed further light on the precise role of cortical language areas in humans.
Grouping of Sequential Sounds—An Event-Related Potential Study Comparing Musicians and Nonmusicians
Authors: Zuijen Titia L. van , Sussman Elyse , Winkler István , Näätänen Risto , Tervaniemi Mari 
Published: April 2004

Abstract
It is believed that auditory processes governing grouping and segmentation of sounds are automatic and represent universal aspects of music perception (e.g., they are independent of the listener's musical skill). The present study challenges this view by showing that musicians and nonmusicians differ in their ability to preattentively group consecutive sounds. We measured event-related potentials (ERPs) from professional musicians and nonmusicians who were presented with isochronous tone sequences that they ignored. Four consecutive tones in a sequence could be grouped according to either pitch similarity or good continuation of pitch. Occasionally, the tone-group length was violated by a deviant tone. The mismatch negativity (MMN) was elicited to the deviants in both subject groups when the sounds could be grouped based on pitch similarity. In contrast, MMN was only elicited in musicians when the sounds could be grouped according to good continuation of pitch. These results suggest that some forms of auditory grouping depend on musical skill and that not all aspects of auditory grouping are universal.
ÜBERLEGUNGEN ZU EINEM KULTFEST DER ALTMESOPOTAMISCHEN GÖTTIN INANNA
Authors: Böck Barbara 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe present study aims at interpreting a Sumerian hymn pertaining to the cult of the ancient Mesopotamian goddess of love and war, Inanna/Ištar. Though this literary composition belongs to the realm of royal religion, and centres on the relationship between the goddess and the royal personage, the hymn also provides an insight into a cultic feast of rather popular character. The text describes a ritual; its inner logic follows the course of a cultic ceremony. Accordingly, the term "implicit ritual" as opposed to "explicit ritual", or liturgical order, can be applied. Until now the Sumerian hymn in question has been treated mainly from a text critical point of view. Certain aspects of the ritual performance, viz. the playful change of gender roles, are expressed through the epithets of the goddess. Recently, attention has been given to those epithets that allude to the power of the goddess to change her sex, and it has been proposed that they show a shamanistic side of the goddess. In what follows we shall put forward an alternative interpretation of the change of gender roles by using the concept of play and game as intrinsic to a religious system. The cultic feast of the goddess Inanna/Ištar will thus be traced back to a ritual of inversion which serves to reconstitute the moral and social order as well as to consolidate religious belief. Since our hymn is considered to be one of the main sources for the reconstruction of the so-called "sacred marriage" we shall also touch upon this ancient rite.
CONCEIVING THE CANON IN DVAITA VEDANTA: MADHVA'S DOCTRINE OF "ALL SACRED LORE"
Authors: Stoker Valerie 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe past decade has witnessed a growing scholarly interest in the Veda's status as a canon for precolonial, Brahminical Hinduism. In an effort to refute the notion that Hinduism is a purely Orientalist construct, several scholars have attempted to locate an indigenous set of shared religious beliefs in Brahmins' consistent reference to the Veda as the standard for religious orthodoxy. Yet even as such arguments posit the Veda as a unifying feature for the diverse Hindu tradition, their very emphasis on the Veda's role as a canon reveals a plurality of understandings of the Veda's nature and message. Heeding J.Z. Smith's (1982) assessment of the role of canon in religious traditions, scholars interested in the Veda's significance for Hinduism have analyzed how specific Brahmin communities innovatively reinterpret the Veda to preserve its relevance in the face of changing circumstances. Because these circumstances are often beyond the pale of Brahminical society, scholarly emphasis on the Veda's canonicity historicizes the Brahminical tradition, highlights that tradition's links to other communities, and breaks down the Orientalist monolith. This article contributes to this ongoing academic discussion by considering the historically significant, highly controversial, and yet insufficiently understood construction of the Vedic canon on the part of Tau.lava philosopher and saint, Śrī Madhvācārya (1238-1317). Focusing on Madhva's doctrine of sarvavidyājāta or "the collection of all sacred lore" presented in his R.gvedic commentary, this article examines how Madhva challenges common conceptions of the Vedic canon's external parameters, internal structure, and core truths in ways that still invoke established exegetical norms. I argue that both the success and the controversy surrounding Madhva's version of the canon indicate that the category of Vedic orthodoxy was central to medieval South Indian Brahminical identity. At the same time, however, notions of normative and non-normative Vedic exegesis were being reconsidered in light of changing religious needs.
Frequency and distribution of behaviour of red-necked grebes breeding colonially and in classic territories
Authors: Klatt Paul , Nuechterlein Gary , Buitron Deborah 
Published: April 2004

AbstractOver the two-year period, 1997 to 1998, nearly half of a population of over 200 red-necked grebes (Podiceps grisegena) breeding within a large lake (2,537 ha) in central Minnesota, chose to opportunistically nest in concentrated groups on large floating mats of cattail (Typha spp.). In this study, we examined how members of this typically territorial grebe species coped with living in a more social environment. The behaviour of pairs that nested close to conspecifics differed from that of solitary pairs throughout the nesting season. Colonial pairs tended to be less likely than solitary birds to leave their nest vacant and unguarded from competitors or predators. During the pre-nesting stage, colonial females and males spent more of their time in aggression than did solitary-nesting birds. However, after a pair established their nest and egg-laying began, female aggression declined dramatically in both colonial and solitary pairs. During the egg-laying period, females spent significantly more time on the nest than did males, while males were more active than females in nest defense. Throughout the incubation period, colonial males remained closer to the nest and their females than did solitary males. In general, birds nesting in close proximity exhibited a compressed use of the space surrounding their investments in the platform, mate, eggs, and even young, all of which may have become more vulnerable to competitors and predators in areas of higher aggregation. Examining how opportunistically colonial species adapt to breeding in close aggregations may provide insight into the early evolution of colonial nesting birds.
Mate availability and somatic condition affect filial cannibalism in a paternal brooding goby
Authors: Iwao Hajime , Okuda Noboru , Ito Sayaka 
Published: April 2004

AbstractWe conducted a laboratory experiment to test two major predictions from a game-theoretical model for the evolution of filial cannibalism in species with paternal care — that parental males are more cannibalistic when their energy reserve is low and that filial cannibalism increases when mate availability is high. We used a freshwater goby, Rhinogobius sp. OR, in which males care for eggs from multiple females in a nest. For each breeding male, we manipulated food ration, sex ratio and nest space: the former to control its energy reserve and the latter two to control its mate availability. The ANOVA showed that all three factors had a significant effect on filial cannibalism, which was facilitated when male somatic condition was poor, the sex ratio was female-biased and the nest space was small. Furthermore, filial cannibalism became more intense with increasing brood size and with decreasing female body size. In conclusion, the parental energy reserve and the quality and availability of mates are important factors affecting filial cannibalism in Rhinogobius sp. OR.
Behavioural effect of (E)-8,(Z)-10-dodecadien-1-ol and (E)-8,(E)-10-dodecadienyl acetate on the upwind orientation of male codling moth, Cydia pomonellato pheromone source
Authors: El-Sayed Ashraf 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe orientation behaviour of male codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) to a pheromone source (E8,E10-12OH, codlemone) with and without E8,Z10-12OH and/or E8,E10-12Ac was investigated in a flight tunnel using a three dimensional video recording system. Both E8,Z10-12OH and E8,E10-12Ac antagonized male attraction when their ratio to codlemone was increased to 20% and 5% respectively. An additive inhibitory effect was observed when both E8,Z10-12OH and/or E8,E10-12Ac were combined with codlemone. Male codling moth flying upwind showed different flight maneuvers in plumes containing codlemone with either E8,Z10-12OH or E8,E10-12Ac. Increasing the release rate of E8,Z10-12OH in codlemone plume to 10 pg/min (i.e., its ratio relative to codlemone was increased to100%) caused males to significantly reduce their flight speeds and angular velocity, similar effects were observed with E8,E10-12Ac when its release rate was increased only to 0.5 pg/min (i.e., its ratio relative to codlemone was increased to 5%). Both E8,Z10-12OH and E8,E10-12Ac caused males to increase their track angles as their concentrations increased in the codlemone plume. However, this effect was mainly due to the significant increase in the course angle for E8,Z10-12OH, and in the drift angle for E8,E10-12Ac. The relevance of these findings in relation to the orientation disruption of codling moth is briefly discussed.
The quantitative genetics of sexual selection in the dung fly Sepsis cynipsea
Authors: Blanckenhorn Wolf , Mühlhäuser Claudia 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn the common dung or black scavenger fly Sepsis cynipsea (Diptera: Sepsidae) several morphological and behavioural male and female traits interact during mating. Previous studies show that males attempt to mount females without courtship, females use vigorous shaking behaviour in response to male mounting, the duration of shaking is an indicator of both direct and indirect female choice and sexual conflict, and larger males enjoy a mating advantage. We conducted a quantitative genetic paternal half sib study to investigate the genetic underpinnings of these traits, notably body size (the preferred trait) and the associated female preference, and to assess the relative importance of various models generally proposed to account for the evolution of sexually selected traits. Several morphological traits and female shaking duration were heritable, thus meeting a key requirement of all sexual selection models. In contrast, two traits indicative of male persistence in mating were not. Male longevity was also heritable and negatively correlated with his mating effort, suggesting a mating cost. However, the crucial genetic correlation between male body size and female shaking duration, predicted to be negative by both 'good genes' and Fisherian models and positive by the sexual conflict (or chase-away) model, was zero. This could be because of low power, or because of constraints imposed by the genetic correlation structure. Based on our rsults we conclude that discriminating sexual selection models by sole means of quantitative genetics is difficult, if not impossible.
Contest winning and metabolic competence in male bank voles Clethrionomys glareolus
Authors: Labocha Marta , Kruczek Małgorzata , Radwan Jacek , Koteja Paweł , Grabiec Katarzyna 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFamale bank voles prefer dominant males as mates, and it has been suggested that this preference may benefit females genetically, via increased fitness of their progeny. This requires that male ability to win intrasexual contests is associated with their genetic quality. An important aspect of individual quality is metabolic competence. Here, we investigated whether male ability to win contests is correlated with aerobic capacity (the maximum rate of oxygen consumption) or factorial aerobic scope (the ratio of aerobic capacity to basal metabolic rate [BMR]). The ability to win was assessed as proportion of dominant behaviours in staged contests with five other males, and aerobic capacity was measured both during exercise (swimming) and during cold-exposure trials. Contest winning ability was not correlated with the aerobic capacity (p > 0.6), the factorial metabolic scope (p > 0.25) or BMR (p = 0.24; all the traits were corrected for the effect of body mass). Thus, the results indicate that the trait (male dominance) subject to female preference in the bank vole fails to reveal an important aspect of male quality, i.e. his metabolic competence.
Vocal discrimination of kin and non-kin agemates among lambs
Authors: Sebe Frédéric , Ligout Séverine , Porter Richard 
Published: April 2004

AbstractPlayback experiments were conducted with 4 week old Ile-de-France lambs (Ovis aries) to assess the role of auditory cues in social discrimination. After being habituated to the test enclosure, lambs were individually exposed to bleats from two stimulus individuals. Twin lambs were tested with recorded bleats of their sibling versus an unfamiliar agemate and single lambs with bleats of a familiar agemate versus an unfamiliar lamb. Lambs responded more frequently to the bleats of their sibling (for twin lambs) or of a familiar agemate (for single lambs) than to those of an unfamiliar lamb. Such discriminative responses to the bleats of familiar twins and non-kin lambs suggest that vocalizations may be a sufficient basis for social recognition. Acoustic analyses of the playback bleats revealed significant differences between the signals from the different stimulus lambs and suggest that fundamental frequency may be an important parameter of lambs' individual vocal signatures.
Jun N-terminal kinase promotes proliferation of immature erythroid cells and erythropoietin-dependent cell lines
Authors: Jacobs-Helber Sarah M. , Sawyer Stephen T. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractErythropoietin (EPO) is the hormone necessary for development of erythrocytes from immature erythroid cells. EPO activates Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family in the EPO-dependent murine erythroid HCD57 cells. Therefore, we tested if JNK activity supported proliferation and/or survival of these cells. Treatment with the JNK inhibitor SP600125 inhibited JNK activity and EPO-dependent proliferation of HCD57 cells and the human EPO-dependent cell lines TF-1 and UT7-EPO. SP600125 also increased the fraction of cells in G2/M. Introduction of a dominant-negative form of JNK1 inhibited EPO-dependent proliferation in HCD57 cells but did not increase the fraction of cells in G2/M. Constitutive JNK activity was observed in primary murine erythroid progenitors. Treatment of primary mouse bone marrow cells with the SP600125 inhibitor reduced the number of erythroid burst-forming units (BFU-e's) but not the more differentiated erythroid colony-forming units (CFU-e's), and SP600125 protected the BFU-e's from apoptosis induced by cytosine arabinoside, demonstrating that the SP600125 inhibited proliferation of the BFU-e's. Therefore, JNK activity appears to be an important regulator of proliferation in immature, primary erythroid cells and 3 erythroid cell lines but may not be required for the survival or proliferation of CFU-e's or proerythroblasts.
ABC transporter inhibitors that are substrates enhance lentiviral vector transduction into primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells
Authors: Davis Brian M. , Humeau Laurent , Slepushkin Vladimir , Binder Gwendolyn , Korshalla Lauren , Ni Yajin , Ogunjimi E. Oluwakemi , Chang Lan-Fei , Lu Xiaobin , Dropulic Boro 
Published: April 2004

AbstractHigh gene transfer efficiencies have been difficult to achieve in hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) but are important to therapeutic success of HPC gene therapy. Efficient gene transfer is especially challenging with use of column-purified vector for clinical application, as opposed to centrifuged vector commonly used for research. We investigated novel approaches to increase transduction by using a clinically applicable protocol and quantities of column-purified lentiviral vector. Recognizing the association of adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporters with HPC biology, we investigated the effect of transporter inhibitors on transduction. We found the ABC transporter inhibitor verapamil improved transduction efficiency 2- to 6-fold into CD34+ cells isolated from mobilized peripheral blood, bone marrow, and cord blood. Verapamil also improved transduction in human SCID (severe combined immunodeficient) repopulating cell (SRC) transduction 3- to 4-fold, resulting in 80% to 90% transduction levels in mice receiving primary and secondary transplants without alterations in multilineage reconstitution. Additional ABC transporter substrate inhibitors like quinidine, diltiazem, and ritonavir also enhanced transduction 2- to 3-fold, although ABC transporter inhibitors that are not substrates did not. Enhanced transduction was not observed in mature hematopoietic cells, neurospheres, mesenchymal stem cells, or hepatocytes. Enhancement of transduction in HPCs was observed with vesicular stomatitis virus-G (VSV-G)-pseudotyped lentiviral vector but not with vector pseudotyped with RD114. Thus, we present a new approach for efficient delivery to primitive HPCs by VSV-G-pseudotyped lentiviral vectors. (Blood. 2004;104:364-373)