bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and cardiovascular disease in an American Indian tribe
Authors: SAWCHUK CRAIG N. , ROY-BYRNE PETER , GOLDBERG JACK , MANSON SPERO , NOONAN CAROLYN , BEALS JANETTE , BUCHWALD DEDRA 
Published: August 2005

Background. Empirical findings suggest that psychiatric illness is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). The purpose of this study was to compare the strength of the association of lifetime post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and lifetime major depression on CVD among Northern Plains American Indians.Method. A total of 1414 participants aged 18–57 years completed a structured interview that assessed psychiatric diagnoses, alcohol abuse/dependence, self-reported CVD, and traditional CVD risk factors including age, sex, education, diabetes, high blood pressure, and smoking. Logistic regression analyses compared the odds ratios of CVD in participants with and without diagnosed PTSD or major depression.Results. The rates of lifetime PTSD and major depression were 15% and 8% respectively. CVD was more commonly reported by participants with PTSD than by those without PTSD (12% v. 5%, p[les ]0·01). Likewise, more participants with major depression reported CVD than did their non-depressed counterparts (14% v. 6%, p[les ]0·05). PTSD was significantly associated with CVD even after controlling for traditional CVD risk factors and major depression (odds ratio 2·0, confidence interval 1·1–3·8). In contrast, the association of major depression with CVD was not significant after accounting for both traditional risk factors and PTSD.Conclusions. Rates of PTSD are high in American Indian communities. Rising CVD rates in this population may be better understood if PTSD is considered along with other traditional risk factors. Future research should examine the association and mechanisms of PTSD and CVD prospectively. Such data could lead to more effective CVD prevention efforts for American Indians.
Bifurcation discovery tool
Authors: Chickarmane Vijay , Paladugu Sri R. , Bergmann Frank , Sauro Herbert M. 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Motivation: Biochemical networks often yield interesting behavior such as switching, oscillation and chaotic dynamics. This article describes a tool that is capable of searching for bifurcation points in arbitrary ODE-based reaction networks by directing the user to regions in the parameter space, where such interesting dynamical behavior can be observed.
Results: We have implemented a genetic algorithm that searches for Hopf bifurcations, turning points and bistable switches. The software is implemented as a Systems Biology Workbench (SBW) enabled module and accepts the standard SBML model format. The interface permits a user to choose the parameters to be searched, admissible parameter ranges, and the nature of the bifurcation to be sought. The tool will return the parameter values for the model for which the particular behavior is observed.
Availability: The software, tutorial manual and test models are available for download at the following website: http:/www.sys-bio.org/ under the bifurcation link. The software is an open source and licensed under BSD.
Contact: vijay_chickarmane@kgi.edu
The sign of the swan in Proust's
A la recherche du temps perdu
Authors: Watt Adam 
Published: August 2005

Abstract

This article takes as its starting point Proust and Mallarmé's shared conception of the associative ‘music’ which connects words when considered as signs in literature. It examines the inscription of this in
A la recherche du temps perdu
, concentrating on the homophonic signifiers ‘cygne’, ‘signe’, ‘Swann’ and the English ‘swan’. By demonstrating the complexity of swan references in the novel, following the work of Gilles Deleuze, this article shows how Proust exploits his readers' desire to find satisfying knots at the end of narrative threads. The swan is a motif whose insistent return suggests a unifying pattern, the existence or validity of which is neither confirmed nor denied by the text. Albertine's depiction as a swan represents a figuring which juggles identity and sexuality with blankness, whiteness and the accessibility of the semiotic ‘si(cy)gne’. Proust's swans lead us to Tchaikovsky, to Mallarmé and to Wagner. Ultimately the focus is on the texture of Proust's prose, the subtle ‘rhythms’ to which one is alerted by the smallest of details, by words and their sound echoes, and the associations that sound throughout the novel like an ‘air ou chant sous le texte’.
From the sacred conspiracy to the unavowable community: Bataille, Blanchot and Laure's
Le sacré
Authors: Sweedler Milo 
Published: August 2005

Abstract

This article analyses the importance of the writings of Laure (pseudonym of Colette Peignot) for Georges Bataille's communitarian projects of the late 1930s and early 1940s and for Maurice Blanchot's interpretation of these projects. Through readings of theoretical essays by Bataille, his annotated edition of Laure's
Le Sacré
(published illegally in 1939, only months after the author's death, and distributed clandestinely to a restricted group of readers), and Blanchot's
La Communauté inavouable
, I argue that Laure's book functions as the literary analogue to two avant-garde communities in which Laure and Bataille were involved — Acéphale and the College of Sociology — and that this same book is at the heart of the unavowable community theorized by Blanchot.

Bataille's justification for publishing Laure's writings echoes the very terms he uses to describe his group projects of the late 1930s: community, communication, the sacred, sacrifice. I argue that, in publishing and distributing her book, Bataille effectively sanctifies Laure, turning her into a martyr for the community. However, in contrast to Acéphale and the College of Sociology, the community founded over Laure's dead body was a virtual community: one based on the members' solitary experiences of reading. Laure becomes the figurehead of an unavowable community, as Blanchot's locution would have it.
Reconstructing Byzantine Constantinople: intercession and illumination at the court of Philippe le Bon
Authors: Devereaux Rima 
Published: August 2005

Abstract

This article discusses three texts produced for Philippe le Bon, Duke of Burgundy, in the years following the fall of Constantinople, capital of the Byzantine Empire, to the Ottoman Turks in 1453. These texts deal with the West's painful experience of the postcolonial frontier between itself and Constantinople in the wake of this event. I look at the theme of intercession in two verse laments, Guillaume Dufay's ‘Lamentatio Sanctae Matris Ecclesiae Constantinopolitanae’ (1454), and Jean Molinet's ‘Complainte de Grèce’ (1464). I compare the use of this theme with the role of illumination in a manuscript produced for the Duke in around 1458 (Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale, fonds français, 9087), and containing Bertrandon de la Broquière's
Voyage d'Outremer
, a prose account of a journey to the Orient. The theme of the Church (
Ecclesia
) as intercessor in the laments, and the representation of manuscript patronage and of the cities of Jerusalem and Constantinople in the miniatures of the
Broquière
compilation, serve to bring the fallen Byzantium to the West in textual form. This reconstruction of Byzantine Constantinople may be viewed in theological terms, or it may point to the recovery of the city through the crusade projects of Philippe le Bon.
Thioredoxin‐like domain of human κ class glutathione transferase reveals sequence homology and structure similarity to the θ class enzyme
Authors: Li Jie , Xia Zongxiang , Ding Jianping 
Published: August 2005

AbstractGlutathione transferases (GSTs) are a superfamily of enzymes that play a vital functional role in the cellular detoxification process. They catalyze the conjugation of the thiol group of glutathione (GSH) to the electrophilic groups of a wide range of hydrophobic substrates, leading to an easier removal of the latter from the cells. The κ class is the least studied one among various classes within the superfamily. We report here the expression, purification, and crystal structure of human κ class GST (hGSTK), which has been determined by the multiple‐isomorphous replacement method and refined to 1.93 Å resolution. The overall structure of hGSTK is similar to the recently reported structure of κ class GST from rat mitochondrion. Each subunit of the dimeric hGSTK contains a thioredoxin (TRX)‐like domain and a helical domain. A molecule of glutathione sulfinate, an oxidized product of GSH, is found to bind at the G site of each monomer. One oxygen atom of the sulfino group of GSF forms a hydrogen bond with the hydroxyl group of the catalytic residue Ser16. The TRX‐like domain of hGSTK shares 19% sequence identity and structure similarity with human θ class GST, suggesting that the κ class of GST is more closely related to the θ class enzyme within the GST superfamily. The structure of the TRX‐like domain of hGSTK is also similar to that of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), implying an evolutionary relationship between GST and GPx.
High‐pressure studies of aggregation of recombinant human interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist: Thermodynamics, kinetics, and application to accelerated formulation studies
Authors: Seefeldt Matthew B. , Kim Yong‐Sung , Tolley Kevin P. , Seely Jim , Carpenter John F. , Randolph Theodore W. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractRecombinant human interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1ra) in aqueous solutions unfolds and aggregates when subjected to hydrostatic pressures greater than about 180 MPa. This study examined the mechanism and thermodynamics of pressure‐induced unfolding and aggregation of IL‐1ra. The activation free energy for growth of aggregates (ΔG∓aggregation) was found to be 37 ± 3 kJ/mol, whereas the activation volume (ΔV∓aggregation) was −120 ± 20 mL/mol. These values compare closely with equilibrium values for denaturation: The free energy for denaturation, ΔGdenaturation, was 20 ± 5 kJ/mol, whereas the partial specific volume change for denaturation, ΔVdenaturation, was −110 ± 30 mL/mol. When IL‐1ra begins to denature at pressures near 140 MPa, cysteines that are normally buried in the native state become exposed. Under oxidizing conditions, this results in the formation of covalently cross‐linked aggregates containing nonnative, intermolecular disulfide bonds. The apparent activation free energy for nucleation of aggregates, ΔG∓nuc, was 42 ± 4 kJ/mol, and the activation volume for nucleation, ΔV∓nuc,was −175 ± 37 mL/mol, suggesting that a highly solvent‐exposed conformation is needed for nucleation. We hypothesize that the large specific volume of IL‐1ra, 0.752 ± 0.004 mL/g, coupled with its relatively low conformational stability, leads to its susceptibility to denaturation at relatively low pressures. The positive partial specific adiabatic compressibility of IL‐1ra, 4.5 ± 0.7 ± 10−12cm2/dyn, suggests that a significant component of the ΔVdenaturationis attributable to the elimination of solvent‐free cavities. Lastly, we propose that hydrostatic pressure is a useful variable to conduct accelerated formulation studies of therapeutic proteins.
Redesigning symmetry‐related “mini‐core” regions of FGF‐1 to increase primary structure symmetry: Thermodynamic and functional consequences of structural symmetry
Authors: Dubey Vikash Kumar , Lee Jihun , Blaber Michael 
Published: August 2005

AbstractPrevious reports detailing mutational effects within the hydrophobic core of human acidic fibroblast growth factor (FGF‐1) have shown that a symmetric primary structure constraint is compatible with a stably folded protein. In the present report, we investigate symmetrically related pairs of buried hydrophobic residues in FGF‐1 (termed “mini‐cores”) that are not part of the central core. The effect upon the stability and function of FGF‐1 mutations designed to increase primary structure symmetry within these “mini‐core” regions was evaluated. At symmetry‐related positions 22, 64, and 108, the wild‐type protein contains either Tyr or Phe side chains. The results show that either residue can be readily accommodated at these positions. At symmetry‐related positions 42, 83, and 130, the wild‐type protein contains either Cys or Ile side chains. While positions 42 and 130 can readily accommodate either Cys or Ile side chains, position 83 is substantially destabilized by substitution by Ile. Tertiary structure asymmetry in the vicinity of position 83 appears responsible for the inability to accommodate an Ile side chain at this position, and is known to contribute to functional half‐life. A mutant form of FGF‐1 with enforced primary structure symmetry at positions 22, 64, and 108 (all Tyr) and 42, 83, and 130 (all Cys) is shown to be more stable than the reference FGF‐1 protein. The results support the hypothesis that a symmetric primary structure within a symmetric protein superfold represents a solution to achieving a foldable, stable polypeptide, and highlight the role that function may play in the evolution of asymmetry within symmetric superfolds.
Young gymnasts’ understanding of sport‐related pain: a contribution to prevention of injury
Authors: Nemeth R. L. , Von Baeyer C. L. , Rocha E. M. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIntroduction  Pain may signal impending or actual injury, or the achievement of optimum workload to produce a physical conditioning effect. These different functions of pain present a challenge for athletes wanting to improve their skill and conditioning level in the most efficient manner without injury. As children may be particularly vulnerable to exacerbating pain and injury owing to limited knowledge, it is important to learn more about the development of their understanding of pain concepts (e.g. pain as a signal of impending injury vs. soreness from exertion).Methods  A structured interview and scoring criteria were developed to measure children's understanding of the functions of pain in sport and the consequences of pain and injury. Competitive gymnasts (6–13 years; n = 68; 63% girls) were interviewed and their responses were scored for indices of understanding of different types of pain.Results  Age differences were found in: number of different types of pain identified; understanding of pain causality; understanding the value of pain; distinguishing pain from exertion; and use of pain descriptors. Analyses revealed that gymnasts responded differently to different types of pain and were aware of the need to stop their sport in some cases and to continue in others. Most did not describe social pressure to continue gymnastics while in pain. Gymnasts demonstrated an understanding that there was little they could do about chronic pain, yet appreciated that pain or damage could worsen with continued practice.Discussion  This study was a first step in elucidating young gymnasts’ understanding of sport‐related pain. Further research is needed with athletes from other sports, and comparisons should be made with non‐athletic children and those with pain from other sources. Within various sports, it will be important to determine the relative effects of age, sex, and number of hours spent training. Appreciation of individual differences in children's understanding of pain may contribute to prevention of injury in sport. For example, children who understand the difference between soreness from exertion and acute pain owing to injury may be able to make better decisions about pain management and continued practice.
Is the personal child health record used in secondary care?
Authors: Moss A. L. H. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBackground  Hampshire et al. (2004) have recently reported on the variation in use of the Personal Child Health Record (PCHR) (The Red Book). This study aims to add further data to the discussion.Objective  To estimate the proportion of parents bringing the Red Book to a hospital surgical outpatient appointment.Methods  An audit was performed over 4 months ending 14 July 2004. This involved the author noting whether parents brought the Red Book to the Paediatric Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery clinics, on different sites and including specialist multidisciplinary clinics. 200 consecutive attendees were reviewed.
Comparison of a dedicated children's Seizure Clinic to mixed General Paediatric Clinics
Authors: Mar S. , Dunkley C. , Al‐Ansari I. , Whitehouse W. P. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBackground  In the light of recent recommendations regarding the current management of children with possible epilepsy in the UK, different models of care are compared using an existing validated audit tool.Methods  The initial clinical assessment process, investigation, management and communication regarding children referred with suspected epilepsy to general paediatric clinics or a paediatric seizure clinic was compared using the British Paediatric Neurology Association (BPNA) audit tool.Results  Ninety‐three children were included in the comparison. The history and description of the episodes was better documented in the Seizure Clinic (SC). Children's early development (79% vs. 50%) and school performance (86% vs. 42%) were better documented in the SC. Documentation of possible side effects relating to newly prescribed anti‐epileptic drugs was poor in both groups (33% vs. 15%).Conclusions  Differences between models of epilepsy care can be detected using audit tools although there are some methodological limitations of this particular study. Future similar studies as well as informing local practice can add to the debate on the appropriate way forward in improving the care for children with epilepsy.
Rates and social patterning of household smoking and breastfeeding in contrasting European settings
Authors: Papadimitriou G. , Kotzaeridou U. , Mouratidis C. , Goularas P. , Coe C. , Ganas A. , Spencer N. J. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractObjective  To compare rates and social patterning of household smoking and breastfeeding in families with newborn infants in birth cohorts in Coventry, UK and Veria, North Greece.Methods  Infants born in 1996 in Coventry, 1999 in Veria were recruited into birth cohort studies using similar methodologies. In Coventry recruitment was by family health visitor at the primary visit; in Veria, hospital‐based paediatricians enrolled infants at the neonatal examination. Data were collected at the initial contact on household smoking, type of feeding, and household socio‐demographic characteristics. Rates of initial breastfeeding and household smoking with 95% confidence intervals were estimated and breastfeeding and household smoking regressed on parental education and housing tenure in logistic regression models.Results  Data were available on 2612 Coventry infants and 773 Veria infants. Rates of household smoking and breastfeeding were higher in Veria compared to Coventry. In Coventry, living in rented accommodation and lower maternal and paternal education were associated with household smoking and bottle feeding. Logistic regression models fitted on initiation of breastfeeding failed to show social patterning in Veria but more educated mothers showed a longer duration of breastfeeding. Only low paternal education was associated with household smoking after adjustment for maternal education and housing tenure.Conclusions  Smoking and breastfeeding are more prevalent among households with young infants in Veria compared with Coventry. The social patterning of health‐related behaviours noted in Coventry is less marked in Veria. The relevance of these findings for public health interventions in the contrasting settings is discussed.
Mothers’ attitudes to the randomized controlled trial (RCT): the case of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in children
Authors: Eiser C. , Davies H. , Jenney M. , Glaser A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractObjectives  Survival rates for childhood cancer have improved substantially partly as a result of national and international randomized clinical trials (RCT). However, the decision for families is complex and emotional. Our aim was to describe the views of mothers of children newly diagnosed with ALL regarding consent to randomized controlled trials.Design  Qualitative interview to explore mothers knowledge, and reasons for involving their child in RCTs. Interviews took place in mothers’ homes.Participants  Fifty mothers of children with newly diagnosed ALL (age 4–16 years; mean = 7.4) recruited through research nurses at outpatient appointments.Results  All but three families had consented for their child to be treated in the RCT, although there was wide variation in their understanding of the aims, costs and benefits. Most mothers reported the aim of the trial to compare ‘old’ and ‘new’ treatments.Conclusion  Despite detailed verbal and written information, mothers were poorly informed about the purpose of the trial, and possibility of side effects. Individual preferences for either standard or new treatment were routinely reported. The data raise questions about the extent to which families give truly informed consent to recruitment of their child to an RCT.
Influence of family environment on language outcomes in children with myelomeningocele
Authors: Vachha B. , Adams R. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBackground  Previously, our studies demonstrated language differences impacting academic performance among children with myelomeningocele and shunted hydrocephalus (MMSH). This follow‐up study considers the environmental facilitators within families (achievement orientation, intellectual–cultural orientation, active recreational orientation, independence) among a cohort of children with MMSH and their relationship to language performance.Methods  Fifty‐eight monolingual, English‐speaking children (36 females; mean age: 10.1 years; age range: 7–16 years) with MMSH were evaluated. Exclusionary criteria were prior shunt infection; seizure or shunt malfunction within the previous 3 months; uncorrected visual or auditory impairments; prior diagnoses of mental retardation or attention deficit disorder. The Comprehensive Assessment of Spoken Language (CASL) and the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI) were administered individually to all participants. The CASL Measures four subsystems: lexical, syntactic, supralinguistic and pragmatic. Parents completed the Family Environment Scale (FES) questionnaire and provided background demographic information. Spearman correlation analyses and partial correlation analyses were performed.Results  Mean intelligence scores for the MMSH group: full scale IQ 92.2 (SD = 11.9). The CASL revealed statistically significant difficulty for supralinguistic and pragmatic (or social) language tasks. FES scores fell within the average range for the group. Spearman correlation and partial correlation analyses revealed statistically significant positive relationships for the FES ‘intellectual–cultural orientation’ variable and performance within the four language subsystems. Socio‐economic status (SES) characteristics were analyzed and did not discriminate language performance when the intellectual–cultural orientation factor was taken into account.Conclusion  The role of family facilitators on language skills in children with MMSH has not previously been described. The relationship between language performance and the families’ value on intellectual/cultural activities seems both statistically and intuitively sound. Focused interest in the integration of family values and practices should assist developmental specialists in supporting families and children within their most natural environment.