bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural activity during negative self-evaluation is associated with negative self-concept and depressive symptoms in adolescent girls
Authors: Butterfield Rosalind D. , Silk Jennifer S. , Sequeira Stefanie L. , Jones Neil P. , Ladouceur Cecile D. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSelf-concept becomes reliant on social comparison, potentially leading to excessive self-focused attention, persistently negative self-concept and increased risk for depression during early adolescence. Studies have implicated neural activation in cortical midline brain structures in self-related information processing, yet it remains unclear how this activation may underlie subjective self-concept and links to depression in adolescence. We examined these associations by assessing neural activity during negative vs. positive self-referential processing in 39 11-to-13-year-old girls. During a functional neuroimaging task, girls reported on their perceptions of self-concept by rating how true they believed positive and negative personality traits were about them. Girls reported on depressive symptoms at the scan and 6 months later. Activation in the dorsomedial and ventrolateral prefrontal cortexes (dMPFC; VLPFC), and visual association area was significantly associated with subjective self-concept and/or depressive symptoms at the scan or 6 months later. Exploratory models showed higher activation in the dMPFC to Self-negative > Self-positive was indirectly associated with concurrent depressive symptoms through more negative self-concept. Higher activation in the visual association area to Self-positive > Self-negative was associated with lower depressive symptoms at follow-up through more positive self-concept. Findings highlight how differential neural processing of negative versus positive self-relevant information maps onto perceptions of self-concept and adolescent depression.
Amplatzer Vascular Plug closure of an iatrogenic interatrial tunnel-type communication
Authors: King Emily , Galindo Alvaro , Rothman Abraham 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA 50-year-old woman who had atrial septal defect surgery at 11 months old underwent ascending aortic aneurysm resection and two attempts at closure of a residual atrial septal defect. Post-operatively, she had severe cyanosis. She was referred to our centre where a transesophageal echocardiogram and cardiac catheterisation showed an iatrogenic interatrial tunnel-type communication that was closed with an Amplatzer Vascular Plug.
Aorto-left ventricular tunnel: the necessity of early surgical intervention
Authors: Karacelik Mustafa , Onemli Canan Salman , Bilen Mustafa Mertkan , Sariosmanoglu Osman Nejat , Yilmazer Murat Muhtar , Coskun Mehmet 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAorto-left ventricular tunnel, also known as aorto-left ventricular fistula, is a rare CHD characterised by an abnormal connection between the aorta and the left ventricle. This article presents a comprehensive case report on aorto-left ventricular tunnel, encompassing clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches, treatment options, and outcomes, with a specific focus on the necessity of early surgical intervention.
Insights From Layered Anisotropy Beneath Southern New England: From Ancient Tectonism to Present‐Day Mantle Flow
Authors: Luo Yantao , Long Maureen D. , Link Frederik , Karabinos Paul , Kuiper Yvette D. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSeismic anisotropy beneath eastern North America, as expressed in shear wave splitting observations, has been attributed to plate motion‐parallel shear in the asthenosphere, resulting in fast axes aligned with the plate motion. However, deviations of fast axes from plate motion directions are observed near major tectonic boundaries of the Appalachians, indicating contributions from lithospheric anisotropy associated with past tectonic processes. In this study, we conduct anisotropic receiver function (RF) analysis using data from a dense seismic array traversing the New England Appalachians in Connecticut to examine anisotropic layers in the crust and upper mantle and correlate them with past tectonic processes as well as present‐day mantle flow. We use the harmonic decomposition method to separate directionally‐dependent variations of RFs and focus on features with the same harmonic signals observed across multiple stations. Within the crust, there are multiple features that may be correlated with stratification in the Hartford Basin, faults in the Taconic thrust belt, shear zones formed during Salinic/Acadian terrane accretion events, and orogen‐parallel crustal flow in the Acadian orogenic plateau. We apply a Bayesian inversion method to obtain quantitative constraints on the direction and strength of intra‐crustal anisotropy beneath the Hartford Basin. In the upper mantle, we identify a fossil shear zone possibly formed during oblique subduction of Rheic Ocean lithosphere. We also find evidence for a plate motion‐parallel flow zone in the asthenosphere that is likely disturbed by mantle upwelling near the southern margin of the Northern Appalachian Anomaly in the eastern part of the study area.
Local Seismicity and Sediment Deformation in the West Svalbard Margin: Implications of Neotectonics for Seafloor Seepage
Authors: Domel P. , Plaza‐Faverola A. , Schlindwein V. , Bünz S. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn the Fram Strait, mid‐ocean ridge spreading is represented by the ultra‐slow system of the Molloy Ridge, the Molloy Transform Fault and the Knipovich Ridge. Sediments on oceanic and continental crust are gas charged and there are several locations with documented seafloor seepage. Sedimentary faulting shows recent stress release in the sub‐surface, but the drivers of stress change and its influence on fluid flow are not entirely understood. We present here the results of an 11‐month‐long ocean bottom seismometer survey conducted over the highly faulted sediment drift northwards from the Knipovich Ridge to monitor seismicity and infer the regional state of stress. We obtain a detailed earthquake catalog that improves the spatial resolution of mid‐ocean ridge seismicity compared with published data. Seismicity at the Molloy Transform Fault is occurring southwards from the bathymetric imprint of the fault, as supported by a seismic profile. Earthquakes in the northern termination of the Knipovich Ridge extend eastwards from the ridge valley, which together with syn‐rift faulting identified in seismic reflection data, suggests that a portion of the currently active spreading center is buried under sediments away from the bathymetric expression of the rift valley. This hints at the direct link between crustal rifting processes and faulting in shallow sediments. Two earthquakes occur close to the seepage system of the Vestnesa Ridge further north from the network. We suggest that deeper rift structures, reactivated by gravity and/or post‐glacial subsidence, may lead to accommodation of stress through shallow extensional faults, therefore impacting seepage dynamics.
Satellite Evidence for Strengthened M2 Internal Tides in the Past 30 Years
Authors: Zhao Zhongxiang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSatellite altimetry sea surface height measurements from 1993 to 2022 are used to show the strengthened mode‐1 M2 internal tides in the past 30 years. Two mode‐1 M2 internal tide models M9509 and M1019 are constructed using the data in 1995–2009 and 2010–2019, respectively. The results show that the global mean M2 internal tides strengthened by 6% in energy. However, the internal tide strengthening is spatially inhomogeneous. Significantly strengthened internal tides are observed in a number of regions including the Aleutian Ridge and the Madagascar‐Mascarene region. Weakened internal tides are observed in the central Pacific. On global average, M1019 leads M9509 by about 10° (20 min in time), suggesting that the propagation speed of M2 internal tides increased. M9509 and M1019 are evaluated using independent altimetry data. The results show that M9509 and M1019 perform better for the data in 1993–1994 and 2020–2022, respectively.
Phase Neural Operator for Multi‐Station Picking of Seismic Arrivals
Authors: Sun Hongyu , Ross Zachary E. , Zhu Weiqiang , Azizzadenesheli Kamyar 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSeismic wave arrival time measurements form the basis for numerous downstream applications. State‐of‐the‐art approaches for phase picking use deep neural networks to annotate seismograms at each station independently, yet human experts annotate seismic data by examining the whole network jointly. Here, we introduce a general‐purpose network‐wide phase picking algorithm based on a recently developed machine learning paradigm called Neural Operator. Our model, called Phase Neural Operator, leverages the spatio‐temporal contextual information to pick phases simultaneously for any seismic network geometry. This results in superior performance over leading baseline algorithms by detecting many more earthquakes, picking more phase arrivals, while also greatly improving measurement accuracy. Following similar trends being seen across the domains of artificial intelligence, our approach provides but a glimpse of the potential gains from fully‐utilizing the massive seismic data sets being collected worldwide.
Rapid Climate Links Between High Northern Latitudes and Tropical Southeast Asia Over the Last 40 ka
Authors: Huang Jie , Wan Shiming , Chang Fengming , Liu Jianxing , Yang Zaibao , Sun Hanjie , Ma Xiaochuan , Li Anchun , Li Tiegang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe climate response of tropical Southeast Asia to abrupt climate change originating from high northern latitudes remains poorly understood. Here, marine sediments recovered from the Northwest Borneo Trough are analyzed to trace variations in terrigenous material composition associated with sea level and palaeoflood activities over the past 40 ka. We describe for the first time the influence of sea level change on terrigenous deposition from a tropical island with small mountainous rivers surrounded by narrow continental shelves and the coupling between North Atlantic dynamics and climate feedbacks in tropical Southeast Asia during the Dansgaard‐Oeschger stadials. This study demonstrates that climate oscillations occurring at high northern latitudes can be transmitted to tropical Southeast Asia through the functions of sea level, the East Asian winter monsoon and the Intertropical Convergence Zone. Such information is fundamental to correctly assessing future sea level rise and flood risks in tropical Southeast Asia.
The Variation of Compound Warm Dry Extremes Over Eastern China and the Associated East Asian Subtropical Jet in the Boreal Summer
Authors: Huang Danqing , Zheng Zilong , Xiao Xiucheng , Hu Shuhui , Zhu Jian 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe compound warm dry extremes (CWDEs), which can lead to extreme impacts that are much larger than the sum of the impacts due to the occurrence of individual extremes alone, have frequently hit the land regions. In this study, the spatial‐temporal variations of the frequency, warm, and dry intensity of the CWDEs over eastern China and the associated East Asian subtropical jet variations have been investigated. The results show that the first two leading CWDE frequency modes over eastern China are characterized by an increase pattern and a dipole pattern. The increases in the CWDE frequency may be accompanied by both the strong warm and dry in the northern part of China. Whereas, these may be mainly related to the strong warmth in the southern part of China. The dominant increase pattern is associated with the weakened land‐branch East Asian subtropical jet, which is maintained by the negative phase of the interdecadal Pacific Oscillation, the warming over high‐latitudes of the Atlantic Ocean and the positive phase of the Arctic Oscillation. The dipole pattern is related to the southward shift of the ocean‐branch East Asian subtropical jet, which is sustained by the warming in central equatorial Pacific and Indian Oceans, as well as the negative phase of North Atlantic Oscillation and the Pacific‐Japan teleconnection. The relative contribution analysis has confirmed the importance of the jet variations to the CWDEs. These results would be helpful for understanding the drivers of the CWDEs.
Geomagnetic Storm Effects on the LEO Proton Flux During Solar Energetic Particle Events
Authors: Girgis Kirolosse M. , Hada Tohru , Yoshikawa Akimasa , Matsukiyo Shuichi , Pierrard Viviane , Samwel Susan W. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDuring a few solar energetic particle (SEP) events, solar protons were trapped within the geomagnetic field and reached the outer edge of the inner radiation belt. We reproduced this phenomenon by modeling the proton flux distribution at the Low‐Earth Orbit (LEO) for different geomagnetic conditions during solar particle events. We developed a three‐dimensional relativistic test particle simulation code to compute the 70–180 MeV solar proton Lorentz trajectories in low L‐shell range from 1 to 3. The Tsyganenko model (T01) generated the background static magnetic field with the IGRF (v12) model. We have selected three Dst index values: −7, −150, and −210 nT, to define quiet time, strong, and severe geomagnetic storms and to generate the corresponding inner magnetic field configurations. Our results showed that the simulated solar proton flux was more enhanced in the high‐latitude regions and more expanded toward the lower latitude range as long as the geomagnetic storm was intensified. Satellite observations and geomagnetic cutoff rigidities confirmed the numerical results. Furthermore, the LEO proton flux distribution was deformed, so the structure of the proton flux inside the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) became longitudinally extended as the Dst index decreased. Moreover, we have assessed the corresponding radiation environment of the LEO mission. We realized that, for a higher inclined LEO mission during an intense geomagnetic storm (Dst = −210 nT), the probability of the occurrence of the Single Event Upset (SEU) rates increased by 19% and the estimated accumulated absorbed radiation doses increased by 17% in comparison with quiet conditions.
Gut development following insulin-like growth factor-1 supplementation to preterm pigs
Authors: Rasmussen Martin Bo , Holgersen Kristine , Pankratova Stanislava , Bæk Ole , Burrin Douglas G. , Thymann Thomas , Sangild Per Torp 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Reduced insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels may contribute to impaired organ development in preterm infants. Using preterm pigs as a model, we hypothesized that IGF-1 supplementation improves health and gut development during the first three weeks of life.

Methods
First, clinical and organ endpoints were compared between artificially-reared, cesarean-delivered preterm pigs and vaginally-delivered, sow-reared term pigs at 5, 9 and 19 days. Next, preterm pigs were treated with recombinant human IGF-1 for 19 days (2.25 mg/kg/day, systemically).

Results
Relative to term pigs, preterm pigs had lower body weight, fat, bone contents, relative weights of liver and spleen and a longer and thinner intestine at 19 days. Preterm birth reduced intestinal villi heights and peptidase activities, but only at 5 and 9 days. In preterm pigs, IGF-1 reduced mortality primarily occurring from gastrointestinal complications and with a tendency towards salvaging smaller pigs. IGF-1 supplementation also increased spleen and kidney weights, small intestine length and maltase to lactase activity, reflecting gut maturation.

Conclusion
Preterm birth affects body composition and gut maturation in the first 1–2 weeks, but differences are marginal thereafter. Supplemental IGF-1 may improve gut health in pigs and infants in the first few weeks after preterm birth.

Impact

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) supplementation may improve gut health and development in prematurity, but whether the effects are sustained beyond the immediate postnatal period is unclear.

In preterm pigs, the prematurity effects on IGF-1 and gut health deficiencies are most pronounced during the first week of life and diminishes thereafter.

In preterm pigs, IGF-1 supplementation beyond the first week of life reduced mortality.

The present study provides evidence of a sustained effect of IGF-1 supplementation on the gastrointestinal tract after the immediate postnatal period.
Body mass index, triglyceride-glucose index, and prostate cancer death: a mediation analysis in eight European cohorts
Authors: Fritz Josef , Jochems Sylvia H. J. , Bjørge Tone , Wood Angela M. , Häggström Christel , Ulmer Hanno , Nagel Gabriele , Zitt Emanuel , Engeland Anders , Harlid Sophia , Drake Isabel , Stattin Pär , Stocks Tanja 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Insulin resistance is a hypothesised biological mechanism linking obesity with prostate cancer (PCa) death. Data in support of this hypothesis is limited.

Methods
We included 259,884 men from eight European cohorts, with 11,760 incident PCa’s and 1784 PCa deaths during follow-up. We used the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index as indicator of insulin resistance. We analysed PCa cases with follow-up from PCa diagnosis, and the full cohort with follow-up from the baseline cancer-free state, thus incorporating both PCa incidence and death. We calculated hazard ratios (HR) and the proportion of the total effect of body mass index (BMI) on PCa death mediated through TyG index.

Results
In the PCa-case-only analysis, baseline TyG index was positively associated with PCa death (HR per 1-standard deviation: 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI); 1.01–1.22), and mediated a substantial proportion of the baseline BMI effect on PCa death (HRtotal effect per 5-kg/m2 BMI: 1.24; 1.14–1.35, of which 28%; 4%–52%, mediated). In contrast, in the full cohort, the TyG index was not associated with PCa death (HR: 1.03; 0.94-1.13), hence did not substantially mediate the effect of BMI on PCa death.

Conclusions
Insulin resistance could be an important pathway through which obesity accelerates PCa progression to death.
Nuclear cGAS restricts L1 retrotransposition by promoting TRIM41-mediated ORF2p ubiquitination and degradation
Authors: Zhen Zhengyi , Chen Yu , Wang Haiyan , Tang Huanyin , Zhang Haiping , Liu Haipeng , Jiang Ying , Mao Zhiyong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCyclic GMP–AMP synthase (cGAS), initially identified as a cytosolic DNA sensor, detects DNA fragments to trigger an innate immune response. Recently, accumulating evidence reveals the presence of cGAS within the nucleus. However, the biological functions of nuclear cGAS are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that nuclear cGAS represses LINE-1 (L1) retrotransposition to preserve genome integrity in human cells. Mechanistically, the E3 ligase TRIM41 interacts with and ubiquitinates ORF2p to influence its stability, and cGAS enhances the association of ORF2p with TRIM41, thereby promoting TRIM41-mediated ORF2p degradation and the suppression of L1 retrotransposition. In response to DNA damage, cGAS is phosphorylated at serine residues 120 and 305 by CHK2, which promotes cGAS-TRIM41 association, facilitating TRIM41-mediated ORF2p degradation. Moreover, we show that nuclear cGAS mediates the repression of L1 retrotransposition in senescent cells induced by DNA damage agents. We also identify several cancer-associated cGAS mutations that abolish the suppressive effect on L1 retrotransposition by disrupting the CHK2-cGAS-TRIM41-ORF2p regulatory axis. Together, these findings indicate that nuclear cGAS exhibits an inhibitory function in L1 retrotransposition which could provide avenues for future interventions in both aging and tumorigenesis.
Effects of accelerometer-based sedentary time and physical activity on DEXA-measured fat mass in 6059 children
Authors: Agbaje Andrew O. , Perng Wei , Tuomainen Tomi-Pekka 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGlobally, childhood obesity is on the rise and the effect of objectively measured movement behaviour on body composition remains unclear. Longitudinal and causal mediation relationships of accelerometer-based sedentary time (ST), light physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-measured fat mass were examined in 6059 children aged 11 years followed-up until age 24 years from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), UK birth cohort. Over 13-year follow-up, each minute/day of ST was associated with 1.3 g increase in fat mass. However, each minute/day of LPA was associated with 3.6 g decrease in fat mass and each minute/day of MVPA was associated with 1.3 g decrease in fat mass. Persistently accruing ≥60 min/day of MVPA was associated with 2.8 g decrease in fat mass per each minute/day of MVPA, partly mediated by decrease insulin and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. LPA elicited similar and potentially stronger fat mass-lowering effect than MVPA and thus may be targeted in obesity and ST prevention in children and adolescents, who are unable or unwilling to exercise.
Bacterial-induced or passively administered interferon gamma conditions the lung for early control of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Hilligan Kerry L. , Namasivayam Sivaranjani , Clancy Chad S. , Baker Paul J. , Old Samuel I. , Peluf Victoria , Amaral Eduardo P. , Oland Sandra D. , O’Mard Danielle , Laux Julie , Cohen Melanie , Garza Nicole L. , Lafont Bernard A. P. , Johnson Reed F. , Feng Carl G. , Jankovic Dragana , Lamiable Olivier , Mayer-Barber Katrin D. , Sher Alan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractType-1 and type-3 interferons (IFNs) are important for control of viral replication; however, less is known about the role of Type-2 IFN (IFNγ) in anti-viral immunity. We previously observed that lung infection with Mycobacterium bovis BCG achieved though intravenous (iv) administration provides strong protection against SARS-CoV-2 in mice yet drives low levels of type-1 IFNs but robust IFNγ. Here we examine the role of ongoing IFNγ responses to pre-established bacterial infection on SARS-CoV-2 disease outcomes in two murine models. We report that IFNγ is required for iv BCG induced reduction in pulmonary viral loads, an outcome dependent on IFNγ receptor expression by non-hematopoietic cells. Importantly, we show that BCG infection prompts pulmonary epithelial cells to upregulate IFN-stimulated genes with reported anti-viral activity in an IFNγ-dependent manner, suggesting a possible mechanism for the observed protection. Finally, we confirm the anti-viral properties of IFNγ by demonstrating that the recombinant cytokine itself provides strong protection against SARS-CoV-2 challenge when administered intranasally. Together, our data show that a pre-established IFNγ response within the lung is protective against SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggesting that concurrent or recent infections that drive IFNγ may limit the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and supporting possible prophylactic uses of IFNγ in COVID-19 management.