bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the impact of London’s ultra low emission zone on children’s health: children’s health in London and Luton (CHILL) protocol for a prospective parallel cohort study
Authors: Tsocheva Ivelina , Scales James , Dove Rosamund , Chavda Jasmine , Kalsi Harpal , Wood Helen E , Colligan Grainne , Cross Louise , Newby Chris , Hall Amy , Keating Mia , Sartori Luke , Moon Jessica , Thomson Ann , Tomini Florian , Murray Aisling , Hamad Wasim , Tijm Sarah , Hirst Alice , Vincent Britzer Paul , Kotala Pavani , Balkwill Frances , Mihaylova Borislava , Grigg Jonathan , Quint Jennifer K , Fletcher Monica , Mon-Williams Mark , Wright John , van Sluijs Esther , Beevers Sean , Randhawa Gurch , Eldridge Sandra , Sheikh Aziz , Gauderman William , Kelly Frank , Mudway Ian S , Griffiths Christopher J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Air pollution harms health across the life course. Children are at particular risk of adverse effects during development, which may impact on health in later life. Interventions that improve air quality are urgently needed both to improve public health now, and prevent longer-term increased vulnerability to chronic disease. Low Emission Zones are a public health policy intervention aimed at reducing traffic-derived contributions to urban air pollution, but evidence that they deliver health benefits is lacking. We describe a natural experiment study (CHILL: Children’s Health in London and Luton) to evaluate the impacts of the introduction of London’s Ultra Low Emission Zone (ULEZ) on children’s health.

Methods
CHILL is a prospective two-arm parallel longitudinal cohort study recruiting children at age 6–9 years from primary schools in Central London (the focus of the first phase of the ULEZ) and Luton (a comparator site), with the primary outcome being the impact of changes in annual air pollutant exposures (nitrogen oxides [NOx], nitrogen dioxide [NO2], particulate matter with a diameter of less than 2.5micrograms [PM2.5], and less than 10 micrograms [PM10]) across the two sites on lung function growth, measured as post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) over five years. Secondary outcomes include physical activity, cognitive development, mental health, quality of life, health inequalities, and a range of respiratory and health economic data.

Discussion
CHILL’s prospective parallel cohort design will enable robust conclusions to be drawn on the effectiveness of the ULEZ at improving air quality and delivering improvements in children’s respiratory health. With increasing proportions of the world’s population now living in large urban areas exceeding World Health Organisation air pollution limit guidelines, our study findings will have important implications for the design and implementation of Low Emission and Clean Air Zones in the UK, and worldwide.

ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04695093 (05/01/2021).
The transit of oral premedication beyond the stomach in patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: a retrospective observational multicentre study
Authors: Weinberg Laurence , Scurrah Nick , Neal-Williams Tom , Zhang Wendell , Chen Sharon , Slifirski Hugh , Liu David S. , Armellini Angelica , Aly Ahmad , Clough Anthony , Lee Dong-Kyu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Antiemetic and analgesic oral premedications are frequently prescribed preoperatively to enhance recovery after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. However, it is unknown whether these medications transit beyond the stomach or if they remain in the sleeve resection specimen, thereby negating their pharmacological effects.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was performed on patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and receiving oral premedication (slow-release tapentadol and netupitant/palonosetron) as part of enhanced recovery after bariatric surgery program. Patients were stratified into the Transit group (premedication absent in the resection specimen) and Failure-to-Transit group (premedication present in the resection specimen). Age, sex, body mass index, and presence of diabetes were compared amongst the groups. The premedication lead time (time between premedications’ administration and gastric specimen resection), and the premedication presence or absence in the specimen was evaluated.

Results
One hundred consecutive patients were included in the analysis. Ninety-nine patients (99%) were morbidly obese, and 17 patients (17%) had Type 2 diabetes mellitus. One hundred patients (100%) received tapentadol and 89 patients (89%) received netupitant/palonosetron. One or more tablets were discovered in the resected specimens of 38 patients (38%). No statistically significant differences were observed between the groups regarding age, sex, diabetes, or body mass index. The median (Q1‒Q3) premedication lead time was 80 min (57.8‒140.0) in the Failure-to-Transit group and 119.5 min (85.0‒171.3) in the Transit group; P = 0.006. The lead time required to expect complete absorption in 80% of patients was 232 min (95%CI:180‒310).

Conclusions
Preoperative oral analgesia and antiemetics did not transit beyond the stomach in 38% of patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. When given orally in combination, tapentadol and netupitant/palonosetron should be administered at least 4 h before surgery to ensure transition beyond the stomach. Future enhanced recovery after bariatric surgery guidelines may benefit from the standardization of premedication lead times to facilitate increased absorption.

Trial registration
Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry; number ACTRN12623000187640; retrospective registered on 22/02/2023.
Thyroid hormones and ovarian reserve: a comprehensive study of women seeking infertility care
Authors: Halici Muge , Seker Mustafa Ege , Gebedek Irem Yagmur , Gokbak Merve Nida , Cetisli Abdurrahman Furkan , Ciftci Ahmet Berkan , Konac Emine , Kopuk Sule Yildirim , Tiras Bulent , Cakiroglu Yigit 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Ovarian reserve is the number of oocytes remaining in the ovary and is one of the most important aspects of a woman’s reproductive potential. Research on the association between thyroid dysfunction and ovarian reserve has yielded controversial results. In our study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and ovarian reserve markers.

Methods
From 1443 women seeking infertility care, the data of 1396 women aged between 20–45 years old who had a body mass index between 18–30 kg/m2 were recruited for this retrospective study. The anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and TSH relationship was analyzed with generalized linear and polynomial regression.

Results
Median age, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), AMH, and TSH levels were 36.79 years, 9.55 IU/L, 3.57 pmol/L, and 1.80 mIU/L, respectively. Differences between TSH groups were statistically significant in terms of AMH level, antral follicle count (AFC), and age (p = 0.007 and p = 0.038, respectively). A generalized linear regression model could not explain age-matched TSH levels concerning AMH levels (p > 0.05). TSH levels were utilized in polynomial regression models of AMH, and the 2nd degree was found to have the best fit. The inflection point of the model was 2.88 mIU/L.

Conclusions
Our study shows a correlation between TSH and AMH values in a population of infertile women. Our results are as follows: a TSH value of 2.88 mIU/L yields the highest AMH result. It was also found that AMH and AFC were positively correlated, while AMH and FSH were negatively correlated.
The anticancer potential of chemical constituents of Moringa oleifera targeting CDK-2 inhibition in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer using in-silico and in vitro approches
Authors: Sultan Rida , Ahmed Abrar , Wei Li , Saeed Hamid , Islam Muhammad , Ishaq Muhammad 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMost of the breast cancers are estrogen receptor-positive recurring with a steady rate of up to 20 years dysregulating the normal cell cycle. Dinaciclib is still in clinical trials and considered as a research drug against such cancers targeting CDK2.The major goal of this study was to identify the potential inhibitors of CDK-2 present in Moringa oleifera for treating hormonal receptor positive breast cancers. For this purpose, in silico techniques; molecular docking, MM-GBSA and molecular dynamics simulations were employed to screen Moringa oleifera compounds and their anticancer potential was determined against CDK-2 protein targets. Among 36 compounds of Moringa oleifera reported in literature, chlorogenic acid (1), quercetin (2), ellagic acid (3), niazirin (4), and kaempferol (5) showed good affinity with the target. The interaction of the compounds was visualized using PYMOL software. The profiles of absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion (ADME) and toxicity were determined using SWISS and ProTox II webservers. The MTT assay was performed in-vitro using MCF-7 cancer cell lines to validate the anticancer potential of Moringa oleifera leaf extract.MTT assay results revealed no significant change in proliferation of Mcf-7 cells following 24 h treatment with fraction A (petroleum ether). However, significant antiproliferative effect was observed at 200 µg/mL dose of fraction B (ethyl acetate) and cell viability was reduced to 40%.In conclusion, the data suggested that all the compounds with highest negative docking score than the reference could be the potential candidates for cyclin dependent kinase-2 (CDK-2) inhibition while ellagic acid, chlorogenic acid and quercetin being the most stable and potent inhibitors to treat estrogen receptor positive breast cancer targeting CDK-2. Moreover, the data suggested that further investigation is required to determine the optimum dose for significant antiproliferative effects using in-vivo models to validate our findings of in-silico analysis.
Small RNAs, spermatogenesis, and male infertility: a decade of retrospect
Authors: Joshi Meghali , Sethi Shruti , Mehta Poonam , Kumari Anamika , Rajender Singh 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSmall non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs), being the top regulators of gene expression, have been thoroughly studied in various biological systems, including the testis. Research over the last decade has generated significant evidence in support of the crucial roles of sncRNAs in male reproduction, particularly in the maintenance of primordial germ cells, meiosis, spermiogenesis, sperm fertility, and early post-fertilization development. The most commonly studied small RNAs in spermatogenesis are microRNAs (miRNAs), PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA), small interfering RNA (siRNA), and transfer RNA-derived small RNAs (ts-RNAs). Small non-coding RNAs are crucial in regulating the dynamic, spatial, and temporal gene expression profiles in developing germ cells. A number of small RNAs, particularly miRNAs and tsRNAs, are loaded on spermatozoa during their epididymal maturation. With regard to their roles in fertility, miRNAs have been studied most often, followed by piRNAs and tsRNAs. Dysregulation of more than 100 miRNAs has been shown to correlate with infertility. piRNA and tsRNA dysregulations in infertility have been studied in only 3–5 studies. Sperm-borne small RNAs hold great potential to act as biomarkers of sperm quality and fertility. In this article, we review the role of small RNAs in spermatogenesis, their association with infertility, and their potential as biomarkers of sperm quality and fertility.
Molecular mechanisms of AMPK/YAP/NLRP3 signaling pathway affecting the occurrence and development of ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Fu Ruiyang , Guo Xiaoqing , Pan Zhongqiang , Wang Yaling , Xu Jing , Zhang Lei , Li Jinxia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Investigate the AMPK (protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1)/YAP (Yes1 associated transcriptional regulator)/NLRP3 (NLR family pyrin domain containing 3) signaling pathway's role in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) development using public database analysis, in vitro and in vivo experiments.

Methods
Retrieve AS dataset, analyze differential gene expression in R, conduct functional enrichment analysis, collect 30 AS patient and 30 normal control samples, and construct a mouse model. ELISA, IP, and knockdown experiments were performed to detect expression changes.

Results
NLRP3 was identified as a significant AS-related gene. Caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-17A, IL-18, IL-23, YAP, and NLRP3 were upregulated in AS patients. Overexpressing AMPK inhibited YAP's blockade on NLRP3 ubiquitination, reducing ossification in fibroblasts. Inhibiting AMPK exacerbated AS symptoms in AS mice.

Conclusion
AMPK may suppress YAP expression, leading to NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition and AS alleviation.
Natural language processing diagnosed behavioural disturbance phenotypes in the intensive care unit: characteristics, prevalence, trajectory, treatment, and outcomes
Authors: Young Marcus , Holmes Natasha E. , Kishore Kartik , Amjad Sobia , Gaca Michele , Serpa Neto Ary , Reade Michael C. , Bellomo Rinaldo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Natural language processing (NLP) may help evaluate the characteristics, prevalence, trajectory, treatment, and outcomes of behavioural disturbance phenotypes in critically ill patients.

Methods
We obtained electronic clinical notes, demographic information, outcomes, and treatment data from three medical-surgical ICUs. Using NLP, we screened for behavioural disturbance phenotypes based on words suggestive of an agitated state, a non-agitated state, or a combination of both.

Results
We studied 2931 patients. Of these, 225 (7.7%) were NLP-Dx-BD positive for the agitated phenotype, 544 (18.6%) for the non-agitated phenotype and 667 (22.7%) for the combined phenotype. Patients with these phenotypes carried multiple clinical baseline differences. On time-dependent multivariable analysis to compensate for immortal time bias and after adjustment for key outcome predictors, agitated phenotype patients were more likely to receive antipsychotic medications (odds ratio [OR] 1.84, 1.35–2.51, p < 0.001) compared to non-agitated phenotype patients but not compared to combined phenotype patients (OR 1.27, 0.86–1.89, p = 0.229). Moreover, agitated phenotype patients were more likely to die than other phenotypes patients (OR 1.57, 1.10–2.25, p = 0.012 vs non-agitated phenotype; OR 4.61, 2.14–9.90, p < 0.001 vs. combined phenotype). This association was strongest in patients receiving mechanical ventilation when compared with the combined phenotype (OR 7.03, 2.07–23.79, p = 0.002). A similar increased risk was also seen for patients with the non-agitated phenotype compared with the combined phenotype (OR 6.10, 1.80–20.64, p = 0.004).

Conclusions
NLP-Dx-BD screening enabled identification of three behavioural disturbance phenotypes with different characteristics, prevalence, trajectory, treatment, and outcome. Such phenotype identification appears relevant to prognostication and trial design.

Graphical abstract
Adipo-myokine Irisin, a Promising Antioxidant against Nicotine Induced Oxidative Stress in BALB/c mice
Authors: Imran Madiha , Ahsin Sadia , Saeed Gule Naghma , Ashraf Hira 
Published: November 2023

Objectives: To determine the role of r-irisin in attenuating nicotine-induced oxidative stress by estimating serum oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzymes in BALB/c mice.
Method: This 18 month experimental study was carried out at Foundation University Islamabad and National Institute of Health starting in 2020. Thirty healthy BALB/c mice were divided into three groups. Group-I (control group) received normal saline 1ml/kg body weight intra-peritoneally daily for 28 days. Experimental group, Group-II received nicotine 2mg/kg body weight intra-peritoneally, for 28 days to induce oxidative stress. Experimental Group-III was given r-irisin 0.5 μg/g body weight/day via tail vein injection, for the last 14 days in addition to intraperitoneal nicotine for 28 days. On 29th day, intra-cardiac blood samples were taken for estimation of serum antioxidant enzymes [Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Reduced Glutathione (GSH) and Catalases (CAT)], and Thiobarbituric Acid-Reactive Substances (TBARS) levels as lipid peroxidation marker using ELISA. SPSS version 24 was used for statistical analysis. Significant difference in parameters across groups was calculated using one way ANOVA. P-value of < 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Group-II showed statistically significant increase in serum lipid peroxidation marker (TBARS) levels (p<0.001) and reduction in serum anti-oxidative enzymes (SOD, CAT, GSH) levels (p< 0.001) as compared to Group-I. In Group-III, with co administration of r-irisin, significant improvement in antioxidant enzymes levels and reduction in TBARS levels was observed (p< 0.001) as compared to Group-II.
Conclusion: Irisin ameliorates nicotine induced oxidative stress by improving serum anti-oxidant enzyme levels and reducing serum lipid peroxidation marker.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.1.8140
How to cite this: Imran M, Ahsin S, Saeed GN, Ashraf H. Adipo-myokine Irisin, a Promising Antioxidant against Nicotine Induced Oxidative Stress in BALB/c mice. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.1.8140
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The effect of ruminative thoughts on sexuality in obese women
Authors: Guc Hulya , Karatepe Hasan Turan , Ozdemir Asena Ayca , Bashan Ibrahim 
Published: November 2023

Objectives: Ruminative thoughts play a significant role in the pathogenesis of disorders such as anxiety and depression. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of ruminative thoughts on the sexual functions of obese and non-obese women.
Methods: This case-control study included individuals sexually active women aged 18 and above, and under 46 years, who applied to the university hospital’s obesity clinic in 2021 and had not previously been diagnosed with the patient and/or their partner with organic and/or psychiatric diseases that could cause sexual dysfunction and/or being under treatment, as well as pregnancy. The participants consisted of pre-obese and obese individuals (n = 59), as well as non-obese individuals (n = 63). The Ruminative Thought Style Questionnaire, Female Sexual Function Index, and Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale were administered to the voluntary participants. Using univariate and multivariate statistical models, the effects of obesity and volatile thought styles on the sexual experiences of obese and non-obese women were evaluated.
Results: The analyses conducted revealed that the scores of ruminative thoughts were not affected by obesity. After adjusting for age, it was observed that Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale scores were higher in pre-obese and obese women (p<0.05). In the multiple models created, Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale scores were negatively influenced by obesity, whereas Female Sexual Function Index scores were adversely affected by ruminative thought styles.
Conclusions: In this study, while addressing sexual health for both preobese, obese, and non-obese women, the importance of considering predisposing psychological factors is emphasized. It emphasizes the importance of ruminative thoughts and obesity on sexual functioning in women. Psychological well-being and body image perception emerge as critical elements in this relationship.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.1.8625
How to cite this: Guc H, Karatepe HT, Ozdemir AA, Bashan I. The effect of ruminative thoughts on sexuality in obese women. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.1.8625
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Zwang zur Internationalisierung – Auf- und Ausbau des Investment Bankings der Commerzbank in den 1980er und 1990er Jahren
Authors: Paul Stephan , Schmitz Fabian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the 1980s, Commerzbank was increasingly forced to become much more international if it wanted to be perceived as a relevant player in the field of investment banking, which was considered particularly attractive. This article focuses on the bank’s initially cautious, then strongly accelerated turn toward this new field of business – especially in the form of asset management – and the opportunities it opened up as well as the resulting burdens.
Фактори ризику і прогноз оперативного лікування регматогенного відшарування сітківки
Authors: Zhaboiedov D.H. , Zhuk A.M. 
Published: November 2023

Актуальність. Основною метою лікування регматогенного відшарування сітківки (РВС) є відновлення анатомо-топографічних співвідношень у задньому полюсі ока, відмежування розривів за рахунок формування хоріоретинальних спайок і видалення проліферативних мембран, а також відновлення зорових функцій. Ефективність хірургії широко варіює незалежно від обраного методу лікування і знаходиться в межах від 37 до 95 %. Матеріали та методи. Під спостереженням перебували 124 пацієнти (124 ока) з РВС у поєднанні з віковою катарактою. 1-шу групу спостереження становили 60 пацієнтів (60 очей), яким виконували закриту субтотальну вітректомію з тампонадою вітреальної порожнини газоповітряною сумішшю C3F8, ендолазеркоагуляцією сітківки і факоемульсифікацією катаракти з імплантацією інтраокулярної лінзи (при подальшому аналізі позначено як метод операції 1). 2-гу групу спостереження становили 64 пацієнти (64 ока), яким виконували таке саме оперативне втручання, але тампонаду вітреальної порожнини проводили із застосуванням силіконового масла (при подальшому аналізі позначено як метод операції 2). Для виявлення факторів, пов’язаних з результатом лікування, використано метод побудови моделей логістичної регресії з використанням пакетів MedStat і MedCalc v.15.1 (MedCalc Software bvba). Аналіз проводився для факторів ризику, які були визначені на момент проведення операції. Відбір предикторів регресійної моделі здійснювали методом максимальної правдоподібності з покроковим виключенням змінних. Отримані регресійні моделі оцінювали при побудові діаграм операційних характеристик (ROC-­аналіз). Як критерій адекватності моделі розраховували площу під кривою операційних характеристик з інтервальною оцінкою (AUC). Результати. Факторами ризику відсутності поліпшення стану в результаті оперативного лікування РВС через 1 рік після втручання були вік, давність відшарування сітківки, стадія С проліферативної вітреоретинопатії (ПВР), метод операції і показник суми локальних дефектів полів зору (PSD). Факторами ризику погіршення стану були вік, стать, давність ВС, вид розриву сітківки, стадія С ПВР, метод операції і PSD. У нашому дослідженні встановлений більший ризик невдалого лікування РВС для чоловіків, ніж для жінок. Прогностична модель невдалого хірургічного лікування РВС була побудована на трьох факторах ризику: видалення кришталика (p = 0,046), ПВР стадії C (p = 0,039) і ступінь відшарування (p < 0,001) і мала велику прогностичну цінність (площа під ROC-кривою становила 0,8399). Визначення прогнозу погіршення і відсутності поліпшення стану через 1 рік після оперативного лікування також мало досить високі показники якості моделі (AUC = 0,817 і 0,907 відповідно).