bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction of double sampling s‐control charts for agile manufacturing
Authors: He David , Grigoryan Arsen 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDouble sampling (DS) $\overline{X}$‐control charts are designed to allow quick detection of a small shift of process mean and provides a quick response in an agile manufacturing environment. However, the DS $\overline{X}$‐control charts assume that the process standard deviation remains unchanged throughout the entire course of the statistical process control. Therefore, a complementary DS chart that can be used to monitor the process variation caused by changes in process standard deviation should be developed. In this paper, the development of the DS s‐charts for quickly detecting small shift in process standard deviation for agile manufacturing is presented. The construction of the DS s‐charts is based on the same concepts in constructing the DS $\overline{X}$‐charts and is formulated as an optimization problem and solved with a genetic algorithm. The efficiency of the DS s‐control chart is compared with that of the traditional s‐control chart. The results show that the DS s‐control charts can be a more economically preferable alternative in detecting small shifts than traditional s‐control charts. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theoretical studies on transimination of vitamin B6 analogs
Authors: Salvà Antoni , Donoso Josefa , Frau Juan , Muñoz Francisco 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe transimination reaction of vitamin B6 analogs has been studied by semiempirical quantum mechanics calculations (PM3 Hamiltonian) on a model reactive system consisting of the Schiff base made from a pyridoxal‐5'‐phosphate (PLP) model compound, methylamine and two auxiliary water molecules. The mechanism of this reaction has been theoretically established through the description of the energy and the geometric parameters of the intermediates and transition‐state structures in the gas phase and in water solution by means of the use of two different solvation models. The description of the reaction pathway for transimination through the structures that have resulted from the calculations supports the existence of a geminal diamine as the main intermediate. The reaction also involves the occurrence of internal hydrogen transfers and water‐mediated hydrogen transfers as rate‐limiting steps. This study highlights the key role of water molecules not only in the formation of selected hydrogen bonds but also as true reactives. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2002
Discrete and continuum quantum states for the Kratzer oscillator
Authors: Matamala Adelio R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractKratzer oscillator is a realistic zero‐order model for describing the anharmonic ro‐vibrational motion in diatomic molecules. Kratzer oscillator has an energy spectrum containing both discrete and continuum parts. Wavefunctions belonging to the continuum would be useful in the study of transitions to the continuum in molecular dissociation processes. In this article, bound and scattering wavefunctions of the Kratzer oscillator are reviewed and the bound–bound and the bound–free matrix elements are obtained. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2002
Variational problem for ground and excited rovibronic states on the basis of a molecular Hamiltonian in the principal central axes
Authors: Tsaune A. Y. , Podolyak Y. A. , Glushkov V. N. , D'Yachenko M. P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA general scheme of realization of nonempirical methods for calculation of the ground and excited rovibronic states of flexible molecules is proposed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2002
Derivation of shell effects and magic numbers in metal clusters by the application of Strutinsky's method to the Clemenger–Nilsson and q‐deformed 3‐D harmonic oscillator models
Authors: Bonatsos D. , Kuleff A. I. , Maruani J. , Raychev P. P. , Terziev P. A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractStrutinsky's standard averaging method is applied to metal clusters described by two different potentials—Clemenger–Nilsson (CN) and q‐deformed 3‐D (Q3D) harmonic oscillator (HO). In addition, a new approximate fitting formula—of the liquid drop model type—is derived for the smooth part of the energy. The results obtained for the oscillating part of the energy (shell correction term) with the two cluster potentials through the two averaging methods are compared and discussed. It is found that with both CN and Q3D HO potentials the standard and approximate methods give similar results for clusters with a large number of particles, whereas for smaller clusters significant differences appear. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2002
Two charged particles in a two‐dimensional well
Authors: Salter Edward A. , Wierzbicki A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractNumerical solutions are obtained for the time‐independent Schrödinger equation for a system of two particles of the same charge, repelled by the Coulomb force and confined to a two‐dimensional infinite well. The eigenfunctions are expanded in a basis set of product delta functions; the Coulomb potential's singularity is thereby removed. We discuss our findings regarding correlated behavior in the lowest energy states of a well of width and length 3 bohr and the ordering of symmetric and antisymmetric states. Presented are conditional‐probability densities in which Coulomb and Fermi holes are featured. The method is useful for treating other two‐particle interactions in two dimensions. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2002
Rapid 18O analysis of small water and CO2 samples using a continuous‐flow isotope ratio mass spectrometer
Authors: Fessenden Julianna E. , Cook Craig S. , Lott Michael J. , Ehleringer James R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractHigh‐frequency throughput is often needed in isotopic studies in biological and medical fields. Here we report that high‐precision oxygen isotope ratio measurements of water (±0.13‰) were rapidly and routinely made on small samples (40–100 µL) using an isotope ratio mass spectrometer operated in continuous‐flow mode. Simple modifications to existing instrumentation allow for rapid manual analyses of dilute CO2 (10% CO2/90% N2), including the addition of a septum port and water trap prior to the gas chromatography (GC) column (elemental analyzer column in this study) and the extension of fused‐silica capillary tubing between the mass spectrometer source and the effluent tubing from the GC column (located within the CONFLO unit on Finnigan mass spectrometers). We routinely analyzed 20 small‐volume samples per hour using this technique, without sacrificing precision of the oxygen isotope ratio measurement. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐throughput logP measurement using parallel liquid chromatography/ultraviolet/mass spectrometry and sample‐pooling
Authors: Zhao Yining , Jona Janan , Chow David T. , Rong Haojing , Semin David , Xia Xiaoyang , Zanon Roger , Spancake Chris , Maliski Ed 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA novel approach to high‐throughput logP measurement based on liquid chromatography/ultraviolet/mass spectrometry (LC/UV/MS) is proposed. The logP value is determined by correlation with the logk value, where k is the capacity factor k = (tr−t0)/t0, with the logP value using a defined set of standards. Since the analyte retention time (tr) is determined from the appropriate extracted ion chromatogram (EIC), there are no interferences from impurities and this allows the pooling of multiple compounds into one injection. To ensure the accuracy and instrument robustness in a routine high‐throughput environment, a simple and MS‐friendly mobile phase consisting of 20 mM ammonium carbonate (pH 8.0) for basic compounds or 20 mM ammonium formate (pH 1.0) for acidic compounds, both in combination with methanol at a ratio of 45:55, is used. This approach has been successfully used on single as well as parallel multi‐channel LC/UV/MS systems to screen small to large sets of lead compounds and their analogs. A high‐throughput capability to analyze over 1000 compounds per day has been achieved. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of Biobarriers for Groundwater Containment at Fractured Bedrock Sites
Authors: Ross Nathalie , Bickerton Greg 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBiological barriers are a beneficial application of biofilms that aim at reducing the hydraulic conductivity
(K) in geological formations. Several studies have shown the potential benefits of creating such
barriers either by stimulating the indigenous microbial community (biostimulation) or injecting
bacteria (bioaugmentation). For example, laboratory experiments show that groundwater microorganisms
attached to a ceramic surface and generated a biofilm as thick as 1,100 μm. In a limestone fracture, this
bacterial community clogged a single fracture up to 99.2 percent within 22 days. At the field scale,
applications in porous aquifers led to a five‐fold decrease in K after 2.5 days of biostimulation, and a
bioaugmentation with a starved, adapted bacterial culture decreased K by 99.4 percent. One promising development
of the biobarrier concept is a field application at a fractured bedrock site. Using a multidisciplinary approach
and focusing on a well‐characterized fracture system, a field trial was undertaken in Southern Ontario to
measure the extent of bioclogging and the stability over time. This article focuses on the literature pertinent
to the preparation of this field trial and presents the innovative approach selected to monitor the bioclogging
in such a challenging environment.
Treatment of MTBE‐Contaminated Waters with Fenton's Reagent
Authors: Ray Asim B. , Selvakumar Ariamalar , Tafuri Anthony N. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMethyl tertiary‐butyl ether (MTBE) is commonly used as a fuel additive because of its many favorable properties that allow it to improve fuel combustion and reduce resulting concentrations of carbon monoxide and unburnt hydrocarbons. Unfortunately, increased production and use have led to its introduction into the environment. Of particular concern is its introduction into drinking water supplies. Accordingly, research studies have been initiated to investigate the treatment of MTBE‐contaminated soil and groundwater. The summer 2000 issue of Remediation reported the results of an initial study conducted by the authors to evaluate the treatment of MTBE using Fenton's reagent. In this follow‐up study, experiments were conducted to further demonstrate the effectiveness of using Fenton's reagent (H2O2:Fe+2) to treat MTBE‐contaminated groundwater. The concentration of MTBE was reduced from an initial concentration of 1,300 μg/l (14.77 μ moles) to the regulatory level of 20 μg/l (0.23 μ moles) at a H2O2:Fe+2 molar ratio of 1:1, with ten minutes of contact time and an optimum pH of 5. The by‐products, acetone and tertiary butyl alcohol, which are always present in MTBE in trace amounts, were not removed even after 60 minutes of reaction time. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.*
A Slice of Guidance Provides Some Insight to Addressing Contaminated Sediments
Authors: Sears Ted 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has issued guidance to improve cleanup risk
management decisions at sites involving contaminated sediments. The guidance is titled Principles for
Managing Contaminated Sediment Risks at Hazardous Waste Sites and is important because sediment cleanup
decisions are often very technical and complex. While the guidance is not a step‐by‐step
“how to” document, it does provide the framework for risk‐based decision making and national
consistency. Although it does not answer the more technical questions associated with remediation, it will
likely provide site managers with greater certainty related to their decisions and help determine what questions
need to be asked for many complex issues. Additional and forthcoming EPA reports, seminars, and products will be
useful in building upon this framework. This article provides an overview of the risk management principles
presented in the guidance. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Minimum independent dominating sets of random cubic graphs
Authors: Duckworth W. , Wormald N. C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe present a heuristic for finding a small independent dominating set 𝒟 of cubic graphs. We analyze the performance of this heuristic, which is a random greedy algorithm, on random cubic graphs using differential equations, and obtain an upper bound on the expected size of 𝒟. A corresponding lower bound is derived by means of a direct expectation argument. We prove that 𝒟 asymptotically almost surely satisfies 0.2641n ≤ |𝒟| ≤ 0.27942n. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 21: 147–161, 2002
Largest planar matching in random bipartite graphs
Authors: Kiwi Marcos , Loebl Martin 
Published: October 2002

AbstractFor a distribution 𝒢 over labeled bipartite (multi) graphs G = (W, M, E), |W| = |M| = n, let L(n) denote the size of the largest planar matching of G (here W and M are posets drawn on the plane as two ordered rows of nodes and edges are drawn as straight lines). We study the asymptotic (in n) behavior of L(n) for different distributions 𝒢. Two interesting instances of this problem are Ulam's longest increasing subsequence problem and the longest common subsequence problem. We focus on the case where 𝒢 is the uniform distribution over the k‐regular bipartite graphs on W and M. For k = o(n1/4), we establish that \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$L(n) \slash \sqrt{kn}$\end{document} tends to 2 in probability when n → ∞. Convergence in mean is also studied. Furthermore, we show that if each of the n2 possible edges between W and M are chosen independently with probability 0 < p < 1, then L(n)/n tends to a constant γp in probability and in mean when n → ∞. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 21: 162–181, 2002
On the critical exponents of random k‐SAT
Authors: Wilson David B. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThere has been much recent interest in the satisfiability of random Boolean formulas. A random k‐SAT formula is the conjunction of m random clauses, each of which is the disjunction of k literals (a variable or its negation). It is known that when the number of variables n is large, there is a sharp transition from satisfiability to unsatisfiability; in the case of 2‐SAT this happens when m/n → 1, for 3‐SAT the critical ratio is thought to be m/n ≈ 4.2. The sharpness of this transition is characterized by a critical exponent, sometimes called ν = νk (the smaller the value of ν the sharper the transition). Experiments have suggested that ν3 = 1.5 ± 0.1. ν4 = 1.25 ± 0.05, ν5 = 1.1 ± 0.05, ν6 = 1.05 ± 0.05, and heuristics have suggested that νk → 1 as k → ∞. We give here a simple proof that each of these exponents is at least 2 (provided the exponent is well defined). This result holds for each of the three standard ensembles of random k‐SAT formulas: m clauses selected uniformly at random without replacement, m clauses selected uniformly at random with replacement, and each clause selected with probability p independent of the other clauses. We also obtain similar results for q‐colorability and the appearance of a q‐core in a random graph. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 21: 182–195, 2002
Changes in student views of religion and science in a college astronomy course
Authors: Shipman Harry L. , Brickhouse Nancy W. , Dagher Zoubeida , Letts William J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA cautious introduction of the dialogue between science and religion into a college astronomy course provoked diverse reactions from the 340 students in the course. We studied student responses to this curricular intervention with data from the entire class and from a set of interviews of a focus group of 19 students. Approximately half of the students in the class engaged with the issue of science and religion to some extent. There were extraordinarily few negative reactions to this minor intervention. The intellectual paths taken by students who did engage the issue were very diverse; they negotiated their ways across some complex intellectual borders in their own different ways. Some of these pathways led to internal conflict in some students, but this conflict is not necessarily an obstacle to further understanding. Several students developed some rather deep understandings of the interface between science and religion. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 86:526–547, 2002; Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/sce.10029
Accounting for anomalous oxidation states of silicon at the Si/SiO2 interface
Authors: Cerofolini G. F. , Galati C. , Renna L. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe early oxidation stages of hydrogen‐terminated single‐crystalline Si(100) exposed to a diluted N2/N2O atmosphere at 850° C for different durations have been studied by XPS, following the evolution of the Si 2p signal. Evidence is given that the usual analysis, in terms of five pairs of peaks attributed to silicon in oxidation states from 0 to +4, does not account for the observed Si 2p signal. The spectrum is accurately reproduced only by assuming the existence of silicon in bonding configurations different from those usually assumed to occur at the Si/SiO2 interface. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metrics for maintainability of class inheritance hierarchies
Authors: Sheldon Frederick T. , Jerath Kshamta , Chung Hong 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSince the proposal for the six object‐oriented metrics by Chidamber and Kemerer (1994), several studies have been conducted to validate their metrics and have discovered some deficiencies. Consequently, many new metrics for object‐oriented systems have been proposed. Among the various measurements of object‐oriented characteristics, we focus on the metrics of class inheritance hierarchies in design and maintenance. As such, we propose two simple and heuristic metrics for the class inheritance hierarchy for the maintenance of object‐oriented software.In this paper we investigate the work of Chidamber and Kemerer (1994) and Li (1998), and extend their work to apply specifically to the maintenance of a class inheritance hierarchy. In doing so, we suggest new metrics for understandability and modifiability of a class inheritance hierarchy. The main contribution here includes the various comparisons that we have made. We discuss the advantages over Chidamber and Kemerer's (1994) metrics and Henderson‐Sellers's (1996) metrics in the context of maintaining class inheritance hierarchies. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Problem management maturity within corrective maintenance
Authors: Kajko‐Mattsson Mira 
Published: October 2002

AbstractCM$^3$: Problem Management is a first detailed descriptive problem management process model to be utilized within corrective maintenance. It is the result of a long‐term empirical study of industrial corrective maintenance processes. It has been developed at ABB and evaluated for its industrial relevance within 17 non‐ABB organizations.Playing the role of a descriptive model, CM$^3$: Problem Management specifies what a problem management process should look like. It also structures it into three maturity levels, Initial, Defined, and Optimal, where each level offers a different grainedness of process visibility.In this paper, we present the CM$^3$ levels of problem management process maturity within corrective maintenance and match them against the industrial state of practice. Our goal is to establish the current status of problem management maturity using CM$^3$: Problem Management as an evaluation model. Our evaluation results show that the industrial processes today suffice to attend to software problems within corrective maintenance. Very few of them, however, do learn from the past in order to prevent future problems and to improve development or maintenance processes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The design and implementation of the exported procedure call
Authors: Kendall H. Richard , Freeh Vincent W. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper describes the exported procedure call, a mechanism that pushes computation out of the operating system kernel and into user space. It supports a simple, secure model for system extensions. An exported procedure call incurs overhead crossing of the user‐kernel boundary, but once in user space, it has greater security and usability and is significantly simpler than an equivalent kernel operation. This paper demonstrates the capabilities of the exported procedure call by discussing two implementations. One is the Modify‐on‐access (Mona) file system and the other is the Magi device interface. Mona and Magi use the exported procedure call in order to safely execute untrusted or complex system extensions. This paper shows that in situations where raw kernel performance is not paramount, the exported procedure call is desirable. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Serotonin modulation of cerebral glucose metabolism measured with positron emission tomography (PET) in human subjects
Authors: Smith Gwenn S. , Ma Yilong , Dhawan Vijay , Gunduz Handan , Carbon Maren , Kirshner Maggie , Larson Jennifer , Chaly Thomas , Belakhleff Abdel , Kramer Elisse , Greenwald Blaine , Kane John M. , Laghrissi‐Thode Fouzia , Pollock Bruce G. , Eidelber David 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTo develop a method to measure the dynamic response of the serotonin system in vivo, the effects of intravenously administered citalopram (the most selective of the serotonin reuptake inhibitors) on cerebral glucose metabolism were evaluated. Cerebral glucose metabolism was measured with positron emission tomography (PET) in 14 normal subjects scanned after administration of saline placebo and citalopram administered on 2 separate days. Citalopram administration resulted in a decrease in metabolism in the right anterior cingulate gyrus (BA 24/32), right superior (BA 9) and right middle frontal gyrus (BA 6), right parietal cortex (precuneus), right superior occipital gyrus, left thalamus, and right cerebellum. Increased metabolism was observed in the left superior temporal gyrus and left occipital cortex. Alterations in metabolism by acute citalopram administration involved the heteromodal association cortices that also show metabolic alterations in patients with geriatric depression and overlap with the regions affected by antidepressant treatment. Future studies will evaluate how the acute metabolic response to citalopram relates to the metabolic response after chronic treatment in patients with geriatric depression. Synapse 45:105–112, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.