bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating The Kinetics of Anionic Polymerization of Butadiene in Presence of 1,2‐diethoxypropane Using Online Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Rodriguez‐Guadarrama Luis 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOnline near‐infrared spectroscopy technique is employed to investigate the kinetics of the anionic polymerization of butadiene with n‐butyllithium initiator in the presence of the microstructure modifier 1,2‐diethoxypropane (DEP) in cyclohexane solvent. A phenomenological kinetic model is developed to describe the anionic polymerization process in the presence of DEP, and its influence on the microstructure of polybutadiene under different conditions is determined.
Partial and total replacement of soybean meal with a corn-fermented protein product in Rainbow Trout feeds
Authors: Grayson John , Curles Erica , Wojno Michal , Kwasek Karolina 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective
Corn-fermented protein products (CFP) from the bioethanol industry have strong potential as alternatives to traditional plant protein sources in finfish diets. This study examined the culture performance, apparent digestibility, intestinal histology, and expression of gut inflammation markers in juvenile Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss fed experimental diets with graded levels of soybean meal and CFP.

Methods
Four experimental diets were formulated to contain 40% protein and 20% lipids, and the diets incrementally replaced soybean meal with CFP (0% [Control], 25%, 50%, or 100% replacement). Juvenile Rainbow Trout (48.9 ± 1.3 g) were randomly distributed to 12 100-L tanks within a recirculating aquaculture system (30 fish/tank). Fish were fed one of the four experimental diets on a restricted feeding regime (1–3% biomass/day), and tanks were weighed every 14 days for 70 days.

Result
The mean weight, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, survival, and proximate composition of fish were not significantly different (α = 0.05) between the diet groups after 70 days of feeding (139.6 ± 7.5 g final weight). Apparent protein digestibility was significantly higher in the 50% CFP diet group than the Control group (80.3 ± 1.2% and 77.6 ± 1.2%, respectively). Histological analysis of distal intestines showed significantly larger villi lengths and villi length-to-width ratios in fish fed the 100% CFP diet, relative to fish fed the Control and 25% CFP diets. The expression of gut inflammation markers tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)10, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) trended lower in the 50% and 100% CFP diet groups compared to the Control group. The expression of the nutrient absorption markers PepT1 and FABP2 trended higher in the 50% and 100% CFP diet groups relative to the Control group.

Conclusion
The results of this study suggested that the replacement of soybean meal with CFP in Rainbow Trout grow-out diets did not impair growth performance and improved overall protein digestibility and gut health.
COVID‐19 Omicron variant infection has minimal impact on maternal and neonatal outcomes: A cross‐sectional cohort study
Authors: Ying Liu , Mengmeng Liang , Lan Zhang , Hao Ying , Hui Jiang , Shanshan Shan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimTo explore the impact of the Omicron variant on maternal and neonatal outcomes.DesignCross‐sectional cohort study of women giving live birth in a single hospital in Shanghai in December 2022.MethodsDemographic characteristics, maternal and neonatal outcomes and laboratory testing results were retrieved from medical records. Propensity score matching was used to match COVID‐19‐positive and ‐negative women. Differential analysis was used to assess associations between COVID‐19 and in‐hospital maternal and neonatal outcomes.ResultsA total of 1508 women were included, comprising 729 natural births, 741 caesarean sections and 38 forceps deliveries. After 1:1 matching, 310 clients were included for analysis with each 155 in COVID‐19‐positive and ‐negative groups. Higher maternal fever was found in all modes of delivery, and higher preterm birth and lower pH value of blood gas of the umbilical artery in the vaginal delivery subgroup (p < 0.05). Other maternal and neonatal outcomes showed no significant difference between COVID‐19‐positive and ‐negative clients.
Therapeutic Efficacy of Nasal Corticosteroids in COVID‐19‐Related Olfactory Dysfunction: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Ru‐Dong , Yang Cong‐Wen , Chen Xiao‐Bin , Hu Hai‐Feng , Cui Guan‐Zheng , Zhu Qing‐Run , Kuang Ming‐Jie 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveOlfactory disturbance is one of the main symptoms of coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19). Various olfactory disorders caused by viral infections are treated with nasal corticosteroids. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of nasal corticosteroids in the treatment of olfactory disorders caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.Data SourcesWe searched the Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases for clinical trials of nasal corticosteroids for treating COVID‐19 olfactory dysfunction.Review MethodsWe assessed the effect of nasal corticosteroids on olfactory function in COVID‐19‐affected individuals using a Meta‐analysis of published studies, considering the number of patients who fully recovered from olfactory dysfunction, olfactory scores following treatment, and olfactory recovery time.ResultsSeven studies involving 930 patients were analyzed. The Meta‐analysis results revealed that the olfactory score of the experimental group was 1.40 points higher than that of the control group (standardized mean difference [MD]: 1.40, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.34‐2.47, P < .00001). However, the differences in the outcomes of cure rate (risk ratio: 1.18, 95% CI: 0.89‐1.69, P = .21) and recovery time (MD: −1.78, 95% CI: −7.36 to 3.81, P = .53) were not statistically significant. Only 1 study reported adverse effects of nasal steroid treatment, namely tension, anger, and stomach irritation.ConclusionAlthough nasal steroid therapy does not result in significant adverse effects, it proves ineffective in the treatment of COVID‐19 olfactory dysfunction.
The association between rheumatoid arthritis and masticatory muscles through the utilization of diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Hirahara Naohisa , Ito Kotaro , Muraoka Hirotaka , Sawada Eri , Komatsu Tomohiro , Kaneda Takashi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and masticatory muscles by analyzing the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) obtained from diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW‐MRI).Materials and MethodsIn this retrospective study, we analyzed data from 36 patients who underwent MRI examinations at our hospital from August 2006 to March 2022. We also included a control group consisting of 39 patients with normal TMJs who were examined during the same time frame. To compare the ADC values of the masticatory muscles between the two groups, DW‐MRI was employed.ResultsRA patients exhibited significantly higher mean ADC values in the medial and lateral pterygoid muscles compared to the control group. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis indicated cutoff values of 1.14, 1.15, and 1.28 for the ADC values of the masticatory muscles in RA patients, with corresponding maximum ADC under the curve values of 0.53, 0.60, and 0.65.ConclusionsThe study revealed a notable distinction in the condition of the masticatory muscles between patients with RA and the control group, implying that the ADC measured through DWI holds promise for evaluating the association between masticatory muscles and RA. Furthermore, these findings suggest that DWI could serve as a valuable tool in identifying the presence of RA.
Identification of monocyte‐associated pathways participated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension based on omics‐data
Authors: Zhong Caiming , Si Yachen , Yang Huanhuan , Zhou Chao , Chen Yang , Wang Chen , Liu Yalong , Chen Cheng , Shi Hui , Lai Xueli , Tang Hao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is one kind of chronic and uncurable diseases that can cause heart failure. Immune microenvironment plays a significant role in PAH. The aim of this study was to assess the role of immune cell infiltration in the pathogenesis of PAH. Differentially expressed genes based on microarray data were enriched in several immune‐related pathways. To evaluate the immune cell infiltration, based on the microarray data sets in the GEO database, we used both ssGSEA and the CIBERSORT algorithm. Additionally, single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) data was used to further explicit the specific role and intercellular communications. Then receiver operating characteristic curves and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator were used to discover and test the potential diagnostic biomarkers for PAH. Both the immune cell infiltration analyses based on the microarray data sets and the cell proportion in scRNA‐seq data exhibited a significant downregulation in the infiltration of monocytes in PAH. Then, the intercellular communications showed that the interaction weighs of most immune cells, including monocytes changed between the control and PAH groups, and the ITGAL‐ITGB2 and ICAM signaling pathways played critical roles in this process. In addition, ITGAM and ICAM2 displayed good diagnosis values in PAH. This study implicated that the change of monocyte was one of the key immunologic features of PAH. Monocyte‐associated ICAM‐1 and ITGAL‐ITGB2 signaling pathways might be involved in the pathogenesis of PAH.
Cumulative incidence and mortality rate of cardiovascular complications due to laboratory‐confirmed influenza virus infection: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ouranos Konstantinos , Vassilopoulos Stephanos , Vassilopoulos Athanasios , Shehadeh Fadi , Mylonakis Eleftherios 
Published: December 2023

AbstractInfluenza infection is associated with cardiovascular complications that range significantly in presentation and severity. The cumulative incidence of cardiovascular complications due to laboratory‐confirmed influenza, however, is not reported in the literature. We conducted a systematic review and random‐effects meta‐analysis to evaluate the cumulative incidence and mortality rate of influenza virus‐related cardiovascular complications in hospitalized patients. We searched the PubMed and EMBASE databases for studies reporting acute myocardial infarction (AMI), heart failure (HF), arrhythmia of any kind, stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA), and myocarditis in hospitalized patients with laboratory‐confirmed influenza virus infection. Prospective studies, retrospective cohort studies, and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in the analysis. We followed the PRISMA checklist and used 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to report meta‐analysis outcomes. This study was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023427849). After retrieving 2803 studies, we identified 19 studies (18 observational and 1 RCT) with relevant data, and we included 6936 patients in our analysis, of whom 690 (9.9%) developed a cardiovascular outcome of interest. The cumulative incidence of HF was 17.47% (95% CI: 5.06%–34.54%), arrhythmia of any kind 6.12% (95% CI: 0.00%–21.92%), myocarditis 2.56% (95% CI: 0.66%–5.38%), AMI 2.19% (95% CI: 1.03%–3.72%), and stroke or TIA 1.14% (95% CI: 0.00%–4.05%). The in‐hospital mortality rate from cardiovascular events was 1.38% (95% CI: 0.00%–4.80%). Cardiovascular complications occur in patients with influenza virus infection, with the cumulative incidence of specific cardiac manifestations varying considerably (1.51%–17.47%). Preventive strategies and close clinical monitoring after infection remain a priority.
Reliable quantized sampled‐data LFC for semi‐Markov jump interconnected multi‐area power systems: Dealing with incomplete TRs
Authors: Li Yulong , Li Xiaoqing , Cheng Jun , Shi Kaibo , Qiu Kun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis article aims to address the reliable quantized sampled‐data load frequency control (LFC) synthesis problem for semi‐Markov jump interconnected multi‐area power systems (IMAPSs) suffering from incomplete transition rates (TRs) and actuator failures. Primarily, the semi‐Markov process configurated with incomplete TRs is utilized to model the structural and coefficient switchings of IMAPSs, which enables a more precise representation of reality and a wider range of application. Subsequently, in order to reduce the control cost and facilitate data processing, an aperiodic quantization sampling mechanism is introduced. Furthermore, a mode‐dependent and comprehensive actuator faulty model is scheduled to portray various stochastically occurring actuator failures, which is more in line with practical application. Then, by fully utilizing the state information of sampled intervals, a two‐sided looped functional with some matrices that are not required to be strictly positive is constructed to enhance the flexibility. In what follows, on the basis of stochastic analysis technique and looped functional, sufficient conditions with two scenarios are established in the form of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) to guarantee the stochastic stability with an performance of the resultant semi‐Markov jump IMAPSs. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control synthesis methodology is validated through a numerical simulation.
Hydroisomerization of n‐dodecane over ZSM‐48 with different metal properties
Authors: Zhang Wei , Li Sai , Zhang Haipeng , Ma Mengxi , Wang Shuzhen , Xiang Jiangnan , Wang Yan , Fan Binbin , Zheng Jiajun , Li Ruifeng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe distance between the two active sites of a bifunctional catalyst (acid sites and metal sites) is critical for the hydroisomerization performance. However, the influences of the dehydrogenation/hydrogenation species (Pt or Ni) and the intimacy between the acid sites and the metal sites over the distribution of the isomers have rarely been investigated. Herein, the bifunctional catalysts were prepared by loading the hydrogenation component (Pt or Ni) on γ‐Al2O3 or HZSM‐48 zeolite separately and then mixing them with equal mass of HZSM‐48 molecular sieves and γ‐Al2O3, respectively. The hydroisomerization performance of n‐dodecane was investigated on a fixed‐bed reactor. The loading position of the metal can directly affect the activity of the hydroisomerization reaction. However, the distribution of the isomer products is not affected by the loading position and the metal type (Pt or Ni) obviously, and the middle‐positioned isomer is the main isomer product regardless of the position and the type of the metal. The catalysis results indicate that the isomerization of n‐dodecane mainly follows the “Key‐Lock” catalysis mode on HZSM‐48.
Mixed‐Dimensional Partial Dealloyed PtCuBi/C as High‐Performance Electrocatalysts for Methanol Oxidation with Enhanced CO Tolerance
Authors: Li Sichen , Ajmal Sara , Zhou Xiaoxing , Lu Maoni , Li Xinghao , Sun Zhenjie , Liu Shoujie , Zhu Manzhou , Li Peng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDeveloping efficient electrocatalysts for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) is crucial in advancing the commercialization of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Herein, carbon‐supported 0D/2D PtCuBi/C (0D/2D PtCuBi/C) catalysts are fabricated through a solvothermal method, followed by a partial electrochemical dealloying process to form a novel mixed‐dimensional electrochemically dealloyed PtCuBi/C (0D/2D D‐PtCuBi/C) catalysts. Benefiting from distinctive mixed‐dimensional structure and composition, the as‐obtained 0D/2D D‐PtCuBi/C catalysts possess abundant accessible active sites. The introduction of Cu as a water‐activating element weakens the COads, and oxophilic metal Bi facilitates the OHads, thereby enhancing its tolerance to CO poisoning and promoting MOR activity. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (XAFS) collectively reveal the electron transfer from Cu and Bi to Pt, the electron‐enrichment effect induced by dealloying, and the strong interactions among Pt‐M (Cu, Pt, and Bi) multi‐active sites, which improve the tuning of the electronic structure and enhancement of electron transfer ability. Impressively, the optimized 0D/2D D‐PtCuBi/C catalysts exhibit the superior mass activity (MA) of 17.68 A mgPt−1 for MOR, which is 14.86 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C. This study offers a proposed strategy for Pt‐based alloy catalysts, enabling their use as efficient anodic materials in fuel cell applications.
Highly aqueously stable C60‐polymer nanoparticles with excellent photodynamic property for potential cancer treatment
Authors: Wang Dan , Zhao Jianyang , Mulder Roger J. , Ratcliffe Julian , Wang Chunru , Wu Bo , Wang Jinquan , Hao Xiaojuan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFullerenes are a class of carbon nanomaterials that find a wide range of applications in biomedical fields, especially for photodynamic cancer therapy because of its photosensitive effect. However, hydrophobic fullerenes can only be dispersed in organic solvents which hinders their biomedical applications. Here, we report a facile method to prepare highly water‐dispersible fullerene (C60)‐polymer nanoparticles with hydrodynamic sizes of 50–70 nm. Hydrophilic random copolymers containing different ratios of polyethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate and 2‐aminoethylmethacrylamide were synthesized for conjugating with C60 molecules through efficient nucleophilic Michael addition reaction between amine groups from hydrophilic polymer and carbon‐carbon double bonds from C60. As a result, the amphiphilic C60‐polymer conjugates could be well dispersed and nano‐assembled in water with a C60 concentration as high as 7.8 mg/mL, demonstrating a significant improvement for the solubility of C60 in an aqueous system. Owing to the high C60 content, the C60‐polymer nanoparticles showed a strong photodynamic therapy effect on human lung cancer cells (A549) under light irradiation (450 nm) in both 2D cell culture and 3D spheroid culture, while demonstrating ignorable cytotoxicity under dark. This highly efficient and convenient method to prepare water‐dispersible C60‐polymer conjugates may have a great impact on the future biomedical applications of fullerenes.
Tescalcin modulates bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells osteogenic differentiation via the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Wu Dong , Piao Longhuan , Wang Guangbin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundBone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are recognized for their intrinsic capacity for self‐renewal and differentiation into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes, making them pivotal entities within the field of bone research. Tescalcin (TESC) is known to play a role in specific cellular processes related to proliferation and differentiation. However, the precise involvement of TESC in the regulation of BMSCs remains unclear. The present study was designed to verify the functional implications of TESC in BMSCs.MethodsAn adenovirus vector was engineered to downregulate TESC expression, and the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway was activated using BML‐284. The assessment of mRNA was conducted by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). The assessment of protein expression was conducted by Western blotting and immunofluorescence techniques (IF), respectively. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and activity assays were performed to verify ALP changes, while Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining and quantitative analysis were employed to assess mineralization capacity.ResultsInitially, we observed an upregulation of TESC expression during osteogenic differentiation. Subsequently, TESC knockdown was demonstrated to decrease the osteogenic‐related genes expression and diminish BMSCs mineralization. Concomitantly, we identified the inhibition of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling following the TESC knockdown. Furthermore, the administration of BML‐284 effectively activated the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway, successfully rescuing the compromised TESC‐mediated osteogenic differentiation.ConclusionOur findings indicate that TESC knockdown exerts an inhibitory effect on the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs through the modulation of the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway. This study unveils a novel target with potential applications for enhancing the regenerative potential of BMSCs in the realm of regenerative medicine.
Surveying and localized screening of soil contamination with the growth of urban community agriculture in Northern Utah
Authors: Oliver Frank , Stock Melanie N. , Grossl Paul , Cardon Grant 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUrban soil contamination has become an increasing concern within residential developments and with the expansion of urban agriculture, which has grown across the United States. In Salt Lake County, Utah, there are 39 community gardens and urban farms, with more in development. Only limited data exist to determine whether these soils may be considered contaminated. The purpose of this study was to conduct an urban soil survey in Salt Lake County for initial screening of soils in community gardens and urban farms for common contaminants, including the trace elements lead and arsenic (total concentrations), along with organic contaminant benzo (A) pyrene (BAP). Site selection included an emphasis on sites serving at least nine families and those with greater potential for soil contamination based on identified risk factors. Measured soil test concentrations were compared to US EPA regional screening levels (RSLs) and other US background levels. Lead concentrations ranged from 14.8 to 516 mg kg−1, with a mean concentration of 91.8 mg kg−1. Measured arsenic ranged from 2.83 to 39.3 mg kg−1 with a mean of 11.8 mg kg−1. All measured arsenic concentrations exceeded the US EPA RSL of 0.68 mg kg−1. BAP was the primary hydrocarbon of concern, and concentrations above detectable limits ranged from 0.01 to 0.44 mg kg−1, with a mean concentration of 0.09 mg kg−1. By determining the baseline degree of soil contamination in key urban agricultural sites in Utah's most populated county, local screening levels were developed into soil management plans for producers.