bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isogenic Variation of Helicobacter pylori Strain Resulting in Heteroresistant Antibacterial Phenotypes in a Single Host In Vivo
Authors: Lee Yong Chan , Lee Sun‐Young , Pyo Jae Hee , Kwon Dong H. , Rhee Jong Chul , Kim Jae J. 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACTBackground.  Antibiotic‐susceptible and ‐resistant Helicobacter pylori can be present simultaneously in the same host. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genomic diversity of H. pylori strains resulting in heteroresistant antibacterial phenotypes.Materials and methods.  Twenty‐one pairs of H. pylori strains isolated from the antrum and body displaying heteroresistant antibacterial phenotypes were included. We compared the genotypes of paired‐isolates by random arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (PCR), flagella gene PCR‐based restriction fragment length polymorphism, and flaA gene sequencing. In metronidazole‐heteroresistant isolates, the sequence variation of rdxA and frxA genes was analyzed using phylogenetic analysis.Results.  The DNA fingerprinting patterns of the paired isolates revealed that 12 pairs (57.1%) were identical, whereas one pair (3.8%) was different. The remaining eight pairs (38.1%) of isolates showed minor heterogenecity in fingerprinting patterns. In flaA gene sequencing, these identical and similar isolates showed close sequence similarity between the antrum and body, whereas different isolate showed 31 points of different nucleotide sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of the metronidazole‐heteroresistant pairs showed consistent genetic relatedness of each paired isolates despite the sequence variation of the rdxA or frxA genes in five pairs (71.4%).Conclusions.  These results suggest that continuing genomic diversities in the same strain may play an important role in modulating the antibiotic‐heteroresistant H. pylori in vivo.
Children of Helicobacter pylori‐infected Dyspeptic Mothers are Predisposed to H. pylori Acquisition with Subsequent Iron Deficiency and Growth Retardation
Authors: Yang Yao‐Jong , Sheu Bor‐Shyang , Lee Shui‐Cheng , Yang Hsiao‐Bai , Wu Jiunn‐Jong 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBackground.  We tested whether Helicobacter pylori‐infected dyspeptic mothers had a higher rate of H. pylori infection in their children, and whether such H. pylori‐infected children were predisposed to iron deficiency or growth retardation.Materials and methods.  A total of 163 children from 106 dyspeptic mothers (58 with and 48 without H. pylori infection) were enrolled to evaluate body weight, height, hemoglobin, serum ferritin, and H. pylori infection using the 13C‐urea breath test. A questionnaire was used to evaluate demographic factors of each child.Results.  The rate of H. pylori infection in children with H. pylori‐infected dyspeptic mothers was higher than that of children with noninfected mothers (20.5% vs. 5.3%; p < .01, OR: 4.6, 95% CI: 1.5–14.2). The rate of H. pylori infection in children elevated as the number of their H. pylori‐infected siblings increased (p < .01). For children below 10 years of age, H. pylori infection was closely related to low serum ferritin and body weight growth (p < .05).Conclusion.  The children of H. pylori‐infected dyspeptic mothers had an increased risk for such infection. The risk further increased once their siblings were infected. H. pylori infection in pre‐adolescent children may determine iron deficiency and growth retardation.
Gastric Acidity in Patients with Follicular Gastritis is Significantly Reduced, but Can be Normalized After Eradication for Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Shimatani Tomohiko , Inoue Masaki , Iwamoto Keiko , Hyogo Hideyuki , Yokozaki Michiya , Saeki Toshinari , Tazuma Susumu , Horikawa Yoko , Harada Nobue 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACTBackground.  Follicular gastritis is thought to be caused by Helicobacter pylori infection. However, the pathophysiology of it remains unclear.Materials and methods.  We assessed gastric acidity in 15 patients with follicular gastritis, aged 20–37 years, using a 24‐hour intragastric pH‐metry, as well as by histologic and serologic evaluations; and compared it with that in other age‐matched groups: 18 cases of H. pylori‐positive antrum‐predominant gastritis, 12 of pangastritis, and 24 H. pylori‐negative normals. In eight cases with follicular gastritis, it was re‐assessed 6 months after the eradication therapy for H. pylori.Results.  During nighttime, the percentage of time with intragastric pH above 3.0 in follicular gastritis was significantly higher than that in normals (p < .0001), and in antrum‐predominant gastritis (p < .001), but was comparable with that in pangastritis. In the daytime period, this parameter in follicular gastritis was significantly higher than that in normal (p < .001), in antrum‐predominant gastritis (p < .001), and in pangastritis (p < .05). Marked mononuclear cell and neutrophil infiltration but no apparent glandular atrophy were observed in both the antrum and corpus. Serum pepsinogen I/II ratio was significantly lower in follicular gastritis than that in normals (p < .0001) and in antrum‐predominant gastritis (p < .001), whereas serum gastrin was significantly higher than that in normals (p < .0001), in antrum‐predominant gastritis (p < .01) and in pangastritis (p < .05). After eradication for H. pylori, all of the parameters in follicular gastritis were altered to the same ranges as those in normals.Conclusions.  In follicular gastritis, gastric acidity is significantly reduced, but can be normalized by eradication of H. pylori. It can thus be speculated that inflammatory cytokines or H. pylori‐infection–induced prostaglandins might strongly inhibit gastric acid secretion in follicular gastritis.
Thermocoagulation of the Ganglion Impar or Ganglion of Walther: Description of a Modified Approach. Preliminary Results in Chronic, Nononcological Pain
Authors: Reig Enrique , Abejón David , Del Pozo Cristina , Insausti Joaquín , Contreras Rafael 
Published: May 2005

Abstract:  The ganglion impar, a single structure usually found at the anterior aspect of the sacrococcygeal joint, is the lowest ganglion of the paravertebral sympathetic chain. Its blockade is indicated in visceral pain syndromes and/or sympathetic pain syndromes of the perineal region. Several approaches to this block have been described, mainly through the anococcygeal or sacrococcygeal ligaments. We propose a modified approach to thermocoagulation of the ganglion impar, using a two‐needle technique, the first one, placed through the sacrococcygeal ligament, the transsacrococcygeal needle, and the second one through a coccygeal disc, the transdiscal needle. The thermocoagulation technique that we employ uses a conventional radiofrequency application of 80°C for 80 seconds through each needle.In this prospective study, 13 patients with chronic perineal, noncancer‐related pain were followed for a maximum of 6 months. All of these patients underwent diagnostic ganglion impar block with local anesthetic prior to inducing neurodestruction with conventional radiofrequency application, as a positive result to the diagnostic local anesthetic block was a requisite for radiofrequency neurodestruction. We measured pain using a visual analog scale (VAS) before and after treatment. Statistical significance was assessed using the Mann–Whitney U‐test and Wilcoxon range summation test. Initially the VAS was equal to or greater than 7. After therapy the VAS decreased by an average of 50% in the whole group. There were no adverse events.Our result show that this proposed modified approach to the block and use of radiofrequency for the ganglion impar is useful for the treatment of perineal noncancer‐related pain.
Prediction of the Distance from the Skin to the Lumbar Epidural Space in the Greek Population, Using Mathematical Models
Authors: Stamatakis Emmanouil , Moka Eleni , Siafaka Ioanna , Argyra Erifilli , Vadalouca Athina 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBackground and Objectives:  The skin to lumbar epidural space distance (SLED) is variable, and therefore the ability to clinically predict the SLED may help increase the success of epidural anesthesia/analgesia. The goal of this study was to determine the relationship between the SLED and demographic/anthropometric variables in the Greek population, and develop a mathematical model for its prediction.Methods:  This prospective randomized study enrolled 406 male and female Greek patients who required an epidural block as part of their anesthetic management. With patients placed in the left lateral and knee‐chest position, the lumbar epidural space was located by the loss of resistance to normal saline technique. Statistical analysis was used to identify the relationship between SLED, and the following variables were evaluated: age, weight, height, body mass index, body surface area, intervertebral space used, pregnancy, and geographic origin within Greece.Results:  No adverse events or dural punctures occurred. Mean SLED in the general population was 4.98 ± 0.95 cm, with values significantly higher in males (5.37 ± 0.88 cm) compared with females (4.83 ± 0.93 cm). SLED was best associated with weight, body surface area, and body mass index. Mathematical formulae for prediction of SLED in the general population and the female population were derived from linear regression analysis. These formulae were able to predict approximately half of the observed variability in SLED.Conclusions:  While mathematical models of SLED can be a useful tool, they should not be exclusively relied on in the clinical setting, but rather should be used as an adjunct to standardized techniques to improve the safety and efficacy of epidural anesthesia/analgesia.
CITYCLUSTER “From the Renaissance to the Megabyte Networking Age”: A Virtual Reality and High-Speed Networking Project
Authors: Fischnaller Franz , Hill Alex 
Published: May 2005

This paper presents the CITYCLUSTER project, a virtual-reality networking matrix, in a high-tech framework with original technological features, navigation, interactivity, graphic, and content style, in which multiple environments, ambiences, and cities, both real and imagined, can be hosted, coexist, and be interrelated within themselves through a common virtual territory. It can be interconnected by high-speed network, enabling remote participants to access, interact, and collaborate in shared environments and work together in a common virtual space over distance in real time. The framework can be expanded and modified in accordance with the digital environment to be incorporated. Meta-Net-Page, a virtual-reality collaborative networking tool, was designed and implemented ad hoc for CITYCLUSTER. “From the Renaissance to the Megabyte Networking Age” is the first CITY-CLUSTER virtual-reality networked application, which offers visitors a thrilling interactive journey, from the Renaissance to the Super Broadband Networking and Electronic Age. Florence represents the “Renaissance Age”, Chicago the “Gigabits Networking Age.” Each virtual city is inhabited by a group of avatars: David, Venus, and Machiavelli in Florence, and Mega, Giga, and Picasso in Chicago. The implementation of CITYCLUSTER has given rise to a range of technological challenges, which in turn have revealed innovative aspects and salient features relative to content management, the development of juxtaposed virtual environments, networking interactive techniques, avatar design, architecture, and virtual effects. A series of special features and enhancements have been added to the software Ygdrasil, to satisfy content and quality levels of interactivity. In consequence, the Ygdrasil system was further refined as software tools that aid the rapid and intuitive development of interactive virtual environments for artists and other nontechnical users. The CITYCLUSTER project is primarily designed to run in the CAVE and on the AGAVE (Access Grid Augmented Virtual Environment). It can run either locally or through remote networking in both SGIs and the Linux platform.
L' authenticité de Métaphysique « Alpha » (meizon ou elatton) d'Aristote, un faux problème? Une con firmation codicologique
Authors: Hecquet-Devienne Myriam 
Published: May 2005

AbstractLa discussion sur l'authenticité du deuxième livre de la Métaphysique d'Aristote (Petit Alpha), qui dure depuis un millénaire, a pour origine une scholie qui se trouve dans le Parisinus gr. 1853 (Xe siècle) à la jonction du premier et du deuxième livre. Or, cette scholie a été copiée par la même main que celle qui a ajouté une scholie d'un contenu comparable à la fin de la Métaphysique de Théophraste. Ce fait était passé inaperçu, parce que ce scribe a utilisé différentes écritures: droite ou penchée, calligraphique ou cursive. L'ensemble des témoignages et indices déjà examinés par Gudrun Vuillemin-Diem, d'une part, et par Enrico Berti, d'autre part, est analysé et réinterprété à la lumière de cette nouvelle information, qui permet d'établir que c'est le premier livre de la Métaphysique, et non le deuxième, qui était attribué par certains à Pasiclès de Rhodes, comme en témoignait déjà Asclépios.Le contenu et la formulation très proches des deux scholies permettent de penser qu'elles viennent d'un même érudit: à l'aide, notamment, des commentaires d'Alexandre et d'Asclépios à la Métaphysique d'Aristote, de l'étude de Nicolas de Damas ou des catalogues d'Hermippe et d'Andronicos, il a préparé une 'édition' d'Aristote destinée à devenir un modèle de référence.Dans la tradition latine, Grand Alpha a été accidentellement attribué à Théophraste à cause de la seconde scholie. Mais la discussion dont témoigne la première scholie a pu également être provoquée dès l'origine par celle que rapporte la seconde scholie: la Métaphysique de Théophraste avait probablement été transmise comme un traité aristotélicien, jusqu'à ce que Nicolas de Damas en restitue la paternité à Théophraste; par suite, l'authenticité d' autres livres du corpus aristotélicen a pu également être mise en doute, mais parce qu'ils posaient des problémes d' ordre éditorial, il y a deux millénaires déjá.
Logic and Music in Plato's Phaedo
Authors:   Bailey
Published: May 2005

AbstractThis paper aims to achieve a better understanding of what Socrates means by "συμϕωνɛiν" in the sections of the Phaedo in which he uses the word, and how its use contributes both to the articulation of the hypothetical method and the proof of the soul's immortality. Section I sets out the well-known problems for the most obvious readings of the relation, while Sections II and III argue against two remedies for these problems, the first an interpretation of what the συμϕωνɛiν relation consists in, the second an interpretation of what sorts of thing the relation is meant to relate. My positive account in Section IV argues that we should take the musical connotations of the term seriously, and that Plato was thinking of a robust analogy between the way pitches form unities when related by certain intervals, and the way theoretical claims form unities when related by explanatory co-dependence. Section V surveys the work of IV from the point of view of the initial difficulties and suggests further consequences for the hypothetical method, including the logical relation between the συμϕωνɛiν and διαϕωνɛiν relations, and the need for care in ordering the results of a hypothesis."But anyhow I proceeded in this way: on each occasion hypothesising the λóγoς which I judged to be strongest, I put down as true the things that seem to me to συμϕωνɛiν with it – both about a causal account and any of the other things that are – but those things that did not I put down as false." (Phaedo 100a3-7). "But if someone clung to the hypothesis itself, you would bid him goodbye and wouldn't answer him until you had examined its results, whether according to you they συμϕωνɛi or διαϕωνɛi with one another." (Phaedo 101d3-5)
Perpetuity, Eternity, and Time in Proclus' Cosmos
Authors: Lang Helen 
Published: May 2005

AbstractProclus composed 18 arguments for the eternity of the world and they survive only because Philoponus, intending to refute Proclus' arguments one by one, quotes each; one copy of Philoponus' work – and so Proclus' arguments too – survives. Because of their odd history, these arguments have received little attention either in themselves or in relation to Proclus' other works, even though they are intrinsically interesting and reflect his larger philosophical enterprise. I first examine Argument XVIII, in which Proclus calls on "perpetuity", "eternity", and "time" to argue that the cosmos must be eternal. This argument leaves unanswered two important questions. The cosmos is caused by god and is itself a god; how can a cause and its effect both be gods? Proclus concludes that the cosmos is "a copy of the perpetuity of the eternal"; but what does this phrase – and the conclusion that it expresses – mean? To answer these questions, I turn to The Elements of Theology, a systematic progression of 211 propositions disclosing the causal structure of all reality. "Eternity" and "time", along with "being perpetual", also appear here, particularly in propositions 40-55, to which I turn in the second part of this paper. They are conjoined with what Proclus calls "the Self-Constituted". I argue that by understanding the relation of the Self-Constituted as a cause to its effect, what depends upon another, we can also understand the causal relation between god and the cosmos. The cosmos can be called divine because, via the cause/effect relation between them, god and the cosmos are both eternal; the cosmos is "a copy of the perpetuity of the eternal" because via its relation to god, the cosmos becomes what its cause is, and in this precise sense an effect "imitates" its cause.
The Proto-Genesis of the March for Jesusmovement, 1970–87
Authors: Ediger Gerald 
Published: May 2005

AbstractMarch for Jesus emerged out of the charismatic and evangelical milieu of the UK in the 1980s. Its defining feature was the organization and conduct of street processions incorporating elements of praise and worship, witness and spiritual warfare. The movement is noteworthy for its sudden emergence and extraordinary initial growth, its rapid evolution into a global phenomenon, and its deliberate and planned cessation in 2000. March for Jesus also exhibits important features of charismatic spirituality and merits study as a possible example of a developing global charismatic culture. This analysis offers an introductory overview of the movement as a whole and then identifies five factors that contributed significantly to the initial formation and growth of the movement between 1970 and 1987.
Update on Didanosine
Authors: Cooper David A. 
Published: May 2005

Didanosine (ddI) has been a cornerstone of HIV management since it was made available in October 1991. Didanosine was originally introduced as an alternative to zidovudine (ZDV) for patients who were intolerant of ZDV or experienced disease progression during ZDV monotherapy. Didanosine is now used extensively as an integral component of multidrug combination regimens in both adults and children with HIV infection, and is now available for once-daily administration in the United States, Canada, and Europe. The recently approved Videx® EC is an enteric-coated didanosine capsule dosed as one capsule, once daily. This paper provides an update of recently published studies on the use of ddI in combination anti-HIV therapy. In particular, these studies examine the rationale for the use of ddI as first-line anti-HIV therapy, and describe newer findings concerning its long-term efficacy, side effects, compliance, resistance, and once-daily use. The increased survival of HIV-infected patients is largely attributed to the introduction of the triple combination drug therapy but is probably also due to the long-term clinical efficacy of ddI.
Hospitalization in HIV in Chicago
Authors: Sherer Renslow , Pulvirenti Joseph , Stieglitz Kim , Narra Jyothi , Jasek John , Green Lynn , Moore Billie , Shott Susan , Cohen Mardge 
Published: May 2005

Background: Reduction in HIV-related morbidity and mortality in the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era has been unevenly distributed in the United States, and its impact on hospitalizations in urban minority populations in the public sector has been poorly characterized. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical and administrative data sets of an urban public hospital HIV clinic from 1997 and 1998 to identify the correlates of hospitalization early in the HAART era. Results: 2,647 unduplicated HIV-infected patients were seen in 1997 and 1998 at the CORE Center. There were 31.7 percent women, 71 percent African-Americans and 12 percent Hispanics, and the mean age was 38 years. Men who had sex with men (MSM), injection drug users (IDU), and heterosexuals each made up one third of the population. A majority of the patients had no health insurance, and 27 percent had Medicaid. The median CD4 T cell count was 266 cells/μL, and the median viral load was 1,901 copies/ml. Hospitalizations declined significantly from 1997 (1,579) to 1998 (1,160). Admissions were confined to 25 percent of clinic patients, and 16 patients (range 8-15) had eight or more admissions. African-Americans and Hispanics had significantly more and longer hospitalizations than whites, but there was no difference by gender. IDUs had significantly more admissions than non-IDUs (28 percent vs. 21 percent respectively). On multivariate analysis, lower CD4 T cell count and higher viral load predicted risk of admission in all periods. Unexpectedly, hospitalization rates were high in patients in the highest baseline CD4 T cell stratum, >500 cells/ml (45 of 353, 13 percent), and lowest viral load stratum, <500 copies/ml (103 of 675, 15 percent), and rose from 1997 to 1998. HAART (ie, 1 or 2 drug regimens) predicted fewer hospitalizations compared to 1 or 2 drug regimens. In a subset of patients who filled prescriptions on site, HAART increased from 72 percent to 85 percent and 1-2 drug regimens fell from 28 percent to 15 percent from 1997 to 1998. Regular care was associated with more frequent hospitalization and more hospital days per admission than no regular care. Hospitalized patients had significantly higher mortality than patients not hospitalized (12 percent vs. 2 percent respectively). Conclusion: HIV-related hospitalizations were frequent in the HAART era and decreased over time. Older age, lack of HAART, lower CD4 T cell count, higher viral load, and minority race predicted hospitalization, while gender did not. However, patients with extremely favorable CD4 T cell and viral load counts also had higher than expected hospitalization rates. Three quarters of patients had no hospitalizations, and clustering of hospitalizations in a small number of patients may enable targeted programs to reduce recidivism.