bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new model of dry firn-densification constrained by continuous strain measurements near South Pole
Authors: Stevens C. Max , Lilien David A. , Conway Howard , Fudge T. J. , Koutnik Michelle R. , Waddington Edwin D. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractConverting measurements of ice-sheet surface elevation change to mass change requires measurements of accumulation and knowledge of the evolution of the density profile in the firn. Most firn-densification models are tuned using measured depth–density profiles, a method which is based on an assumption that the density profile in the firn is invariant through time. Here we present continuous measurements of firn-compaction rates in 12 boreholes near the South Pole over a 2 year period. To our knowledge, these are the first continuous measurements of firn compaction on the Antarctic plateau. We use the data to derive a new firn-densification algorithm framed as a constitutive relationship. We also compare our measurements to compaction rates predicted by several existing firn-densification models. Results indicate that an activation energy of 60 kJ mol−1, a value within the range used by current models, best predicts the seasonal cycle in compaction rates on the Antarctic plateau. Our results suggest models can predict firn-compaction rates with at best 7% uncertainty and cumulative firn compaction on a 2 year timescale with at best 8% uncertainty.
ON UNSUPERSTABLE THEORIES IN GDST
Authors: MORENO MIGUEL 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We study the

$\kappa $

-Borel-reducibility of isomorphism relations of complete first-order theories by using coloured trees. Under some cardinality assumptions, we show the following: For all theories T and T’, if T is classifiable and T’ is unsuperstable, then the isomorphism of models of T’ is strictly above the isomorphism of models of T with respect to

$\kappa $

-Borel-reducibility.
Global perceptions of plastic pollution: The contours and limits of debate
Authors: Henderson Lesley 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPlastic pollution is central to policy and public debates about anthropogenic damage to the environment. Negotiations for an international binding treaty to end plastic pollution provide a timely opportunity to analyse peer-reviewed papers concerning public perceptions of plastic pollution (n = 39). These focused on the impact of plastic pollution solely on the marine ecosystem, single-use plastics, barriers to recycling and risks of microplastics. Research studies explored public perceptions of ‘plastic pollution’, ‘marine plastic litter’, ‘marine plastic pollution’ and ‘plastic marine debris’. These terms are not interchangeable and frame the problem. Awareness links to media representations and personal ‘choices’ are limited by lack of options (extended producer responsibility schemes). There was limited discussion of reducing the aggregate global volume of plastics produced. Future research could explore perceptions of risk (toxic chemicals, bioplastics) plastics and climate change or plastics and global biodiversity loss (beyond turtles). The social meaning of plastics, the heterogeneity of audiences and the role of media in framing risks can help inform plastics-related policy. Social Sciences and media scholars are well placed to unpack the socio-cultural context in which plastics are intertwined in people’s everyday lives and how social meanings of plastics may change in response to global crises.
RECYCLED MALICE
Authors: Stark Findlay 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe criminal law doctrine of “transferred malice” has been much discussed. What has gone comparatively unnoticed is the phenomenon of “recycled malice”. For example, those who endorse transferred malice would hold that, if D tries to shoot V, and the shot misses and hits T, D’s intention to hit V is “transferred” to T, and a completed offence against T is constructed. But many legal systems that endorse transferred malice also allow D to be convicted of an attempted offence against V. In other words, D’s intention to hit V can apparently be used multiple times. Once this phenomenon is noticed, a question arises over its justification and limits. This article argues that no convincing justification for recycling mens rea exists.
Lost in Transplantation: Revisiting Indigenous Principles as a Panacea to Natural Resource Sustainability in Nigeria
Authors: Gbadegesin Opeyemi A 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAlthough legal transplants are a most fertile source of legal development, a failure to adapt their methods to local traditions and cultures before putting them into practice often results in the loss of indigenous legal cultures. This article examines environmental jurisprudence in Nigeria. It aims to determine whether the failure of these laws to curb the trend of unsustainable natural resource use in the country is traceable to the indigenous legal cultures of sustainability that were lost in the process of transplanting colonial ideologies into the Nigerian legal system. The article submits that neglecting the innate standards of sustainability in Nigeria's environmental law-making (a practice adopted since the period of colonization) has made the extant laws on natural resource sustainability largely ineffective. It recommends reworking some of the laws to reflect the lost traditions and notes the cultural imperative for natural resource sustainability.
Firm Size, Capital Investment, and Debt Financing over Industry Business Cycles
Authors: Kumar Praveen , Yerramilli Vijay 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We find that capital investment and net debt issuance of large firms are, on average, more sensitive to industry business cycles than those of small firms, in stark contrast to the effect of size on investment sensitivity to macroeconomic cycles. We theoretically examine the role of firm size on firms’ responses to industry shocks. Consistent with our theoretical predictions, we find that large firms exhibit greater sensitivity to industry cycles than small firms in their investment and net debt issuance only in industries with low cyclical variability of markups and production growth, high fixed cost intensity, high market-to-book, and high markups.
Nominal U.S. Treasuries Embed Liquidity Premiums, Too
Authors: Durham J. Benson 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A novel arbitrage-free model of nominal U.S. Treasuries that decomposes yields into frictionless expected rates, frictionless term premiums, and liquidity premiums produces four key results from Jan. 1987 to Aug. 2023. First, liquidity loadings are larger than for the slope and higher-order principal components. Second, the countercyclicality of required nominal Treasury returns owes to liquidity, if anything, not frictionless term premiums. Third, Federal Reserve large-scale asset purchases generally work through expected rates and frictionless term premiums, not liquidity premiums. Fourth, given similar estimates using TIPS, inflation expectations are less moored around the Federal Reserve’s price objectives than other models say.
How I do it: novel use of a modified nasopharyngeal airway in laryngotracheal stenosis as a temporary stent
Authors: Ghauth Sakina , Tan Sien Hui 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis paper reports the innovative use of a modified nasopharyngeal airway device as a temporary stent in patients with laryngotracheal stenosis. It also discusses the technique of endoscopic stent placement, and our experience in terms of the indications and suitability.MethodThe nasopharyngeal airway device was modified to use as an airway stent by trimming it to the desired length. Next, the stent was inserted endoscopically and anchored using a novel approach.ResultsThe surgery was performed successfully without complications. The patients had full use of their voice while the stent was in situ. No significant granulation tissue was observed.ConclusionThis paper demonstrates the feasibility of using a nasopharyngeal airway device as a temporary stent to prevent restenosis in cases where the patients have a strong demand for phonation. The modified nasopharyngeal airway device is potentially very promising, but cases must be selected carefully to avoid compromising efficacy and safety.
Using SMS surveys to understand songbird ownership and shark product consumption in Indonesia
Authors: Nuruliawati  , Mardhiah Ulfah , Muktamarianti Ade Indah , Muttaqin Efin , Sheherazade  , Surya Selly , Nugroho Agung , Rahmadi Cahyo , Widiyanto Daniwari , Leggett Matthew , Mardiah Sofi , Veríssimo Diogo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe unsustainable use of wildlife increases the risk of species extinction. In biodiversity-rich Indonesia, information on the scale of wildlife use is limited and requires further study. To address this, we explored the potential of text messaging (short message service; SMS) surveys to investigate levels and spatial patterns of domestic wildlife use, using songbird keeping and shark consumption as case studies because of their widespread occurrence in all 34 Indonesian provinces. We sent 340,000 messages for each survey during October–November 2018 and incentivized responses with a mobile data package as reward. We obtained survey response rates of 1.4% (songbird ownership) and 1.5% (shark consumption). Our results revealed an estimated 175.7 million songbirds being kept by 35% (80.4–86.6 million) of the Indonesian population and 33.5 million people (14% of the Indonesian population) to have consumed shark products in their lifetime. We identified hotspots of songbird ownership in several provinces in Java, corroborating previous findings, and new ones in the North Sumatra province, for example. The provinces of Maluku, Aceh and East Nusa Tenggara had the highest numbers of reported shark consumers per 1,000 people. Responses indicated a wide variety of shark products being consumed, highlighting the need for in-depth research to understand the explanatory factors behind these practices. These findings demonstrate the potential of SMS surveys to be a cost-effective approach for conducting large-scale studies on wildlife consumption patterns over a short period of time.
The relationship between nut consumption and premature coronary artery disease in a representative sample of Iranians: Iran-premature coronary artery disease (IPAD) study
Authors: Mohammadifard Noushin , Alavi Tabatabaei Ghazaal , Haghighatdoost Fahimeh , Zarepur Ehsan , Nouri Fatemeh , Javanbakht Sahel , Nouhi Fereidoon , Alikhasi Hassan , Kazemi Tooba , Azdaki Nahid , Salehi Nahid , Solati Kamal , Lotfizadeh Masoud , Ghaffari Samad , Javanmardi Elmira , Salari Arsalan , Dehghani Mostafa , Cheraghi Mostafa , Assareh Ahmadreza , Haybar Habib , Namayandeh Seyedeh Mahdieh , Madadi Reza , Sarrafzadegan Nizal 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjective:The cardioprotective effects of nuts are well established. However, the positive impacts of nuts in preventing CVD at a younger age, a condition known as premature coronary artery disease (PCAD), is still debated. Therefore, we aim to determine the association between nuts and PCAD occurrence and its severity in different Iranian ethnicities.Design:This case–control study was conducted within the framework of the Iran-premature coronary artery disease (I-PAD) study, an ongoing multi-centric study on Iranian patients of different ethnicities.Setting:This multi-centric case–control study was conducted in among 3253 persons under the age of 70 years in women and 60 years in men from different ethnicities in Iran.Participants:Information on nut consumption was collected using a validated FFQ. Subjects were selected from among the candidates for angiography. Cases were those whose coronary angiography showed stenosis of more than 75 % in at least one vessel or more than 50 % of the left main artery, while the control group participants had normal angiography results.Results:In the crude model, compared to the first quartile, the highest quartile of nut consumption was significantly associated with a lower risk of PCAD (OR = 0·26, 95 % CI (0·21, 0·32); Pfor trend = 0·001). In the top quartile of nut intake, a substantial decrease in PCAD was observed after controlling for putative confounders (OR = 0·32; 95 % CI (0·24, 0·43); Pfor trend = 0·001). Additionally, a 75 % decrease in the risk of severe PCAD was observed in the participants in the highest quartile of nut intake.Conclusion:A significant inverse association was observed between nut intake and the risk and severity of PCAD in the Iranian population. Large-scale clinical trials are required to confirm these findings.
Multipoint Cluster Observations of Kinetic Alfvén Waves, Electron Energization, and O+ Ion Outflow Response in the Mid‐Altitude Cusp Associated With Solar Wind Pressure and/or IMF BZ Variations
Authors: Hull Arthur J. , Chaston Christopher C. , Damiano Peter A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe report the properties of low frequency (LF) electromagnetic fluctuations (≤11 Hz) in relation to input electron and ion outflow response observed by Cluster in the mid‐altitude cusp during high solar wind dynamic pressure PSW and active magnetospheric conditions (Kp = 4+). The multipoint observations reveal the dynamic interplay between the spatial‐temporal properties of the wave and electron inputs and the ion outflow response enabling an assessment of causal connections. The LF waves are identified as ingoing traveling Alfvén waves that become dispersive at the ion gyroradius scale (i.e., kinetic Alfvén waves KAWs). The KAWs are collocated with ingoing field‐aligned electrons and ion outflow at keV energies and below. The KAWs are associated with earthward directed Poynting fluxes and energy densities with peak amplitudes occurring at multiple energy enhancements (“step‐ups”) exhibited in the electrons and ions, attributed to IMF BZ and/or PSW variations. Indicative of a causal connection, KAW Poynting fluxes and energy densities are strongly correlated with precipitating electron energy fluxes and outflowing O+ energies and energy fluxes. These yield mid‐altitude cusp empirical relationships that can be incorporated into or constrain cusp transport models. These results demonstrate the important role played by KAWs in enhancing electron precipitation into the cusp ionosphere and subsequent O+ energization upward along the magnetic field into the mid‐altitude cusp and beyond. The results also suggest the importance of PSW and/or IMF BZ variations in driving/controlling the reconnection source Alfvén wave and electron inputs into the cusp that significantly impact the ion outflow process.
Multiscale Spatio‐Temporal Variations of Suspended Sediment Fronts in the Semi‐Enclosed Bohai Sea, China
Authors: Du Yunfei , Zhang Jicai , Bian Changwei , Fang Xiaoyu , Cheng Jun , Wang Guansuo , Zhu Jianrong , Wang Ya Ping 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSuspended sediment fronts (SSFs) significantly affect water quality, ecology, and geomorphological evolution of estuarine and coastal waters. Based on 10‐year suspended sediment concentration data derived from satellite images, the multiscale spatio‐temporal variability of SSFs in the Bohai Sea was studied. Frontal probability (FP) was used to quantify the intensity of frontal activity. The 10‐year averaged FP was higher near the coast and decreased with increasing offshore distance. The arc‐shaped distributions of FP near the Yellow River Estuary revealed two tidal shear frontal zones. In the eastern Bohai Sea, 13 finger‐shaped high‐FP areas reflected the spatial pattern and fine structures of tidal sand ridges. The complex topography and strong tidal dynamics provided the essential conditions for frontogenesis. The seasonality of frontal activity was dominantly regulated by the change in wind waves associated with monsoons and stratification. The direct or indirect effects of sediment discharges from the Yellow River and Liaohe River on seasonal and annual variations of frontal activity only existed within close proximity to the estuaries. Frontal activity generally showed an interannual weakening trend, especially in the Laizhou Bay (−0.27%/yr), while an opposite trend was identified in the Liaodong Bay (0.10%/yr). This phenomenon was related to the interannual variations of wind speeds. Meanwhile, wind speed anomalies caused by El Niño‐Southern Oscillation events could explain the significant interannual fluctuations in frontal activity such that, frontal activity was significantly enhanced (suppressed) when El Niño (La Niña) events occurred, especially during 2015–2016 (2017–2018).
A Mechanism for the Generation of a Warm SST Anomaly in the Western Equatorial Pacific: A Pathway Perspective
Authors: Gao Chuan , Zhang Rong‐Hua 
Published: November 2023

AbstractProcesses leading to the onset and development of an El Niño event in the tropical Pacific remain elusive. Observed data and Ocean General Circulation Model (OGCM) simulations are used to reveal a well‐defined pattern of sea surface temperature (SST) perturbations along the mean North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC) pathways in association with the onset and evolution of some El Niño events. The OGCM‐based sensitivity experiments are conducted to illustrate how a warm SST anomaly (SSTA) on the equator can result from a thermal forcing that is prescribed north of 10°N, similar to observed SST anomalies in December 1988. Within approximately one year, the imposed SST anomaly north of 10°N tends to be transported to the dateline region on the equator by the mean ocean circulation in the western Pacific (the low‐latitude western boundary current and the NECC). In due course, an upper‐layer ocean warming is generated off the equator at 6–10°N and then on the equator, which acts to induce a westerly wind anomaly response; a simple statistical atmospheric wind stress model is then used to depict an expected westerly wind response. These resultant SST and surface wind perturbations can couple together over the western tropical Pacific, forming air‐sea interactions and setting up a stage for El Niño onset. As such, this pathway mechanism can reasonably well explain the first appearance of a warm SST anomaly on the equator in the dateline region and the corresponding development of westerly wind anomalies over the western Pacific in association with El Niño onset.
Aquifer Stress History Contributes to Historic Shift in Subsidence in the San Joaquin Valley, California
Authors: Smith Ryan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe San Joaquin Valley, California has experienced dramatic subsidence over the past 100 years, but the regions with the most subsidence have shifted dramatically over this time period, from west (Kettleman City/Los Banos) to south (Tulare/Pixley/Corcoran). To date, no study has done an in‐depth analysis of the mechanisms driving this shift in subsidence. We analyze head records, utilizing a novel approach that assimilates change in head data from multiple overlapping time periods, to produce an 80‐year record of change in head over both the historical and modern regions of greatest subsidence. We then calibrate a deformation model to fit both historical (measured with leveling surveys) and modern (measured with Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar, or InSAR) data sets. We find that the stress history of the Kettleman City/Los Banos region with historically high subsidence plays a large role in reducing modern subsidence in that region, while declining heads in both regions are likely to result in major subsidence over the next several decades. This study highlights the need for active groundwater management to mitigate ongoing and future subsidence. One key data set needed in this effort is accurate long‐term head histories to reconstruct the stress history of aquifers for accurate deformation modeling.
Depression, anxiety, and stress among COVID-19 patients in South Sinai, Egypt: prevalence and associated predictors
Authors: Gad Basma Khairy , Arafa Mostafa Ahmed , Attia Ashraf Farouk , Farahat Ahmed Hassanin , Abdou Marwa Shawky 
Published: November 2023

AbstractInfectious diseases trigger fear and anxiety among patients leading to disturbance in psychological health of patients. Psychological symptoms were found during SARS-COV-1 epidemic which raise the curiosity about their presence with SARS-COV-2 infection. The current study aimed to estimate the prevalence and severity of psychiatric disorders (depression, anxiety, and stress) among COVID-19 patients and their associated significant predictors. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 382 patients infected with COVID-19 in South Sinai governorate, Egypt, during the period June 2021 through January 2022. Patients with positive PCR test for COVID-19 were included if no more than 6 months have passed after being isolated in the hospital or at home. The patients were being contacted after being cured from COVID-19. The Arabic version of the Depression Anxiety Stress was used to assess the psychological status of patients. Multivariate linear regression analysis was done to detect the predictors of psychiatric symptoms among patients. A total of 382 participants with mean age of 41.5 ± 15.0 years old, of whom 72.5% were males were included in the study. 91.6% of participants had all the three studied psychological disorders; depression, anxiety and stress with most of participants had either severe or extremely severe conditions (13.9 and 75.7 for anxiety, 22.8 and 46.3% for depression, 38.5 and % 19.6 for stress, respectively). Healthcare workers had higher prevalence rates of depression, anxiety and stress. In bivariate analysis, educational level, HCWs and visiting healthcare facility were significantly affecting DASS scores. In linear regression analysis, hospital admission was the main predictor of the three psychological disorders. In Conclusion, majority of patients affected with COVID-19 suffered from symptoms of anxiety, depression and stress within six months after being infected. Hospital admission was found to be the main predictor of the presence of psychiatric disorders with prolonged recovery time from COVID-19 infection. More attention should be paid to COVID-19 patient’s mental health as psychological care and presence of psychiatric in the isolation hospitals should be considered.
Rotation-based schedules in elementary schools to prevent COVID-19 spread: a simulation study
Authors: Brom Cyril , Diviák Tomáš , Drbohlav Jakub , Korbel Václav , Levínský René , Neruda Roman , Kadlecová Gabriela , Šlerka Josef , Šmíd Martin , Trnka Jan , Vidnerová Petra 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRotations of schoolchildren were considered as a non-pharmacological intervention in the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigates the impact of different rotation and testing schedules.We built an agent-based model of interactions among pupils and teachers based on a survey in an elementary school in Prague, Czechia. This model contains 624 schoolchildren and 55 teachers and about 27 thousands social contacts in 10 layers. The layers reflect different types of contacts (classroom, cafeteria, etc.) in the survey. On this multi-graph structure we run a modified SEIR model of covid-19 infection. The parameters of the model are calibrated on data from the outbreak in the Czech Republic in spring 2020. Weekly rotations of in-class and distance learning are an effective preventative measure in schools reducing the spread of covid-19 by 75–81% . Antigen testing twice a week or PCR once a week significantly reduces infections even when using tests with a lower sensitivity. The structure of social contacts between pupils and teachers strongly influences the transmission. While the density of contact graphs for older pupils is 1.5 times higher than for younger pupils, the teachers’ network is an order of magnitude denser. Teachers moreover act as bridges between groups of children, responsible for 14–18% of infections in the secondary school compared to 8–11% in the primary school. Weekly rotations with regular testing are a highly effective non-pharmacological intervention for the prevention of covid-19 spread in schools and a way to keep schools open during an epidemic.