bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Desirability and Affective Polarization
Authors: Connors Elizabeth C 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Media coverage of affective polarization—partisans disliking and distrusting out-partisans while liking and trusting in-partisans—is abundant, both creating and reflecting a belief among the public that partisans are more affectively polarized than they are. These trends suggest that affective polarization among partisans could be viewed as socially desirable, which may then shape partisans’ expressed attitudes and behavior. To examine this, I run four original surveys and study two broad research questions: (1) Does this social desirability exist?; and (2) Can it influence partisans’ expressed affective polarization? I find that affective polarization among partisans is indeed socially desirable and that, largely motivated by self-presentation desires, this social desirability can shape partisans’ expressed affective polarization. However, my results also suggest that affective polarization responses are rather ingrained in partisans, and that while partisans are aware of this social desirability and its effect on their behavior, small changes in survey context do not necessarily produce large changes in affective polarization responses. Overall, the results offer necessary nuance to our understanding of affective polarization, implying that social desirability—which can be shifted by contexts—can alter how affectively polarized people act.
Cognitive impairment is associated with BDNF‐TrkB signaling mediating synaptic damage and reduction of amino acid neurotransmitters in heart failure
Authors: Wang Lei , Lu Ziwen , Teng Yu , Pan Weibing , Li Yang , Su Sha , Chang Jingling , Zhao Mingjing 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHeart failure (HF) is often accompanied by cognitive impairment (CI). Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) deficiency is closely associated with CI. However, the role and mechanism of BDNF in HF with CI is still not fully understood. Here, the case–control study was designed including 25 HF without CI patients (HF‐NCI) and 50 HF with CI patients (HF‐CI) to investigate the predictive value of BDNF in HF‐CI while animal and cell experiments were used for mechanism research. Results found that BDNF levels in serum neuronal‐derived exosomes were downregulated in HF‐CI patients. There was no significant difference in serum BDNF levels among the two groups. HF rats showed obvious impairment in learning and memory; also, they had reduced thickness and length of postsynaptic density (PSD) and increased synaptic cleft width. Expression of BDNF, TrkB, PSD95, and VGLUT1 was significantly decreased in HF rats brain. In addition, compared with sham rats, amino acids were significantly reduced with no changes in the acetylcholine and monoamine neurotransmitters. Further examination showed that the number of synaptic bifurcations and the expression of BDNF, TrkB, PSD95, and VGLUT1 were all decreased in the neurons that interfered with BDNF‐siRNA compared with those in the negative control neurons. Together, our results demonstrated that neuronal‐derived exosomal BDNF act as effective biomarkers for prediction of HF‐CI. The decrease of BDNF in the brain triggers synaptic structural damage and a decline in amino acid neurotransmitters via the BDNF–TrkB‐PSD95/VGLUT1 pathway. This discovery unveils a novel pathological mechanism underlying cognitive impairment following heart failure.
Application of deep neural survival networks to the development of risk prediction models for diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia
Authors: Sasagawa Yoshinori , Inoue Yosuke , Futagami Katsuya , Nakamura Tomohiro , Maeda Kiyohiro , Aoki Tomohiro , Fukubayashi Naoko , Kimoto Mayumi , Mizoue Tetsuya , Hoshina Gakuse 
Published: December 2023

Objectives
: Although numerous risk prediction models have been proposed, few such models have been developed using neural network-based survival analysis. We developed risk prediction models for three cardiovascular disease risk factors (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia) among a working-age population in Japan using DeepSurv, a deep feed-forward neural network.

Methods
: Data were obtained from the Japan Epidemiology Collaboration on Occupational Health Study. A total of 51 258, 44 197, and 31 452 individuals were included in the development of risk models for diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, respectively; two-thirds of whom were used to develop prediction models, and the rest were used to validate the models. We compared the performances of DeepSurv-based models with those of prediction models based on the Cox proportional hazards model.

Results
: The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve was 0.878 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.864–0.892] for diabetes mellitus, 0.835 (95% CI = 0.826–0.845) for hypertension, and 0.826 (95% CI = 0.817–0.835) for dyslipidemia. Compared with the Cox proportional hazards-based models, the DeepSurv-based models had better reclassification performance [diabetes mellitus: net reclassification improvement (NRI) = 0.474, P ≤ 0.001; hypertension: NRI = 0.194, P ≤ 0.001; dyslipidemia: NRI = 0.397, P ≤ 0.001] and discrimination performance [diabetes mellitus: integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) = 0.013, P ≤ 0.001; hypertension: IDI = 0.007, P ≤ 0.001; and dyslipidemia: IDI = 0.043, P ≤ 0.001].

Conclusion
: This study suggests that DeepSurv has the potential to improve the performance of risk prediction models for cardiovascular disease risk factors.
Blood pressure responses to testosterone therapy are amplified by hematocrit levels in opioid-induced androgen deficiency: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Olesen Thomas Bastholm , Glintborg Dorte , Jøhnk Frederik , Olsen Michael Hecht , Andersen Marianne Skovsager 
Published: December 2023

Our study aimed to examine the effect of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) on blood pressure in opioid-treated men with relative hypogonadism, and whether the effect of TRT on blood pressure was modified by body composition, red blood cell levels, or carotid intima media thickness. Men (over 18 years old) receiving opioid treatment and total testosterone less than 12 nmol were randomly assigned to receive either TRT or placebo. Baseline and 6-month measurements included anthropometric measurements, office blood pressure (OBPM), 24-h ambulatory blood pressure, blood samples, and carotid ultrasound.
The mean systolic OBPM increased by 6.2 mmHg (0.2–12.1) in the TRT group and decreased by 7.0 mmHg (1.0–15.1) in the placebo group, with a mean difference of 13.2 mmHg (3.4–23.1), P = 0.01. In the TRT group, a 10 mmHg increase in systolic OBPM was associated with an increase in hematocrit of 0.3% points (0.1–0.5) (P = 0.01), whereas no association was observed in the placebo group (P = 0.266).
Daytime SBP showed a nonsignificant increase of 5.2 mmHg (-1.7, 12.1) (P = 0.134) in the TRT group compared to that in the placebo group. However, the impact of TRT on the increase in daytime ambulatory blood pressure was significantly accentuated by baseline values of BMI, hematocrit, and hemoglobin.
In conclusion, TRT was associated with higher OBPM compared to placebo, and the increase in blood pressure was linked to higher hematocrit during TRT. Our data suggest that men with opioid-induced androgen deficiency, particularly those with obesity or red blood cell levels in the upper normal range, are more susceptible to increased daytime SBP during TRT.
Disseminated Disease After Candidemia in Children and Young Adults: Epidemiology, Diagnostic Evaluation and Risk Factors
Authors: Murphy Catherine R. , Teoh Zheyi , Whitehurst Daniel , Brammer Caitlin , Perkins Kerrigan , Paulsen Grant , Miller-Handley Hilary , Danziger-Isakov Lara , Otto William R. 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Treatment of candidemia may be complicated by hematogenous dissemination. Limited data exist to guide decision-making regarding the evaluation for disseminated disease. We sought to describe the epidemiology of invasive disease after candidemia, report the diagnostic evaluations performed and identify risk factors for disseminated disease.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective single-center study of candidemia from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2022. Disseminated candidiasis was defined as radiologic findings consistent with end-organ disease, abnormal ophthalmologic exam or growth of Candida spp. from a sterile site after an episode of candidemia. A multilevel regression model was used to identify risk factors for dissemination.

Results:
The cohort included 124 patients with 144 episodes of candidemia. Twelve patients died before an evaluation for dissemination occurred. Only 107/132 patients underwent evaluation for dissemination. Tests obtained included abdominal imaging (93/132), echocardiography (91/132), neuroimaging (45/132) and chest imaging (38/132). A retinal examination was performed in 90/132 patients. Overall, 27/107 patients (25%) had disseminated disease. Frequently identified sites of dissemination were lungs and abdominal organs. Regression modeling identified prematurity [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 11.88; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.72–81.90] and mitochondrial and genetic disease (aOR: 5.66; 95% CI: 1.06–30.17) as risk factors for disseminated candidiasis. Each additional day of candidemia increased the odds of dissemination (aOR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.12–1.66).

Discussion:
In a heterogeneous cohort of patients, disseminated candidiasis was common. Evaluation for disseminated disease was variable. Those with persistent candidemia had significantly increased risk of dissemination and should undergo a standardized evaluation for disseminated disease.
Myocardial work is independent risk factor for coronary artery lesions in children with Kawasaki disease
Authors: Tang Ge , Zheng Xiaozhi , Liu Kun , Yu Fan , Zhang Jie 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundThe recognition ability of noninvasive echocardiographic myocardial work for coronary artery lesions (CAL) in children with Kawasaki disease (KD) has not been well characterized. This study aimed to determine whether impaired myocardial work is an independent risk factor for CAL in children with KD.MethodsBetween December 2021 and April 2023, left ventricular (LV) myocardial work of 59 KD children was evaluated by myocardial work echocardiography, and their demographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected simultaneously. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent risk factors for CAL.ResultsTwenty-seven of 59 KD children had CAL according to the diagnostic criteria of echocardiography. There were significantly different heart rates, white blood cell count, LV ejection fraction, global work index (GWI), global work efficiency and global wasted work (GWW) between KD children with and without CAL (P< 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified that GWI [odds ratio (OR) = 0.985;P= 0.001], GWW (OR = 1.039;P= 0.019), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR, OR = 1.051;P= 0.049) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (OR = 1.017;P= 0.044) were independent risk factors for CAL in children with KD. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.847 for GWI was superior to that for GWW (AUC = 0.708), ESR (AUC = 0.645) and CRP (AUC = 0.626) to predict CAL in KD children (P< 0.05). The optimal cutoff value of GWI was 1089 mmHg, with a sensitivity of 59.26% and a specificity of 96.87%.ConclusionGWI and GWW were independent risk factors for CAL in KD children with high discrimination ability.
A 15-year-old male with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: a rare case report from Syria
Authors: Sleiay Mouhammed , Alqreea Mohammed , Alqreea Ihsan , Alhasan Omar , Sleiay Bilal , Kanaan Ahmad Mostfa , Alabdullah Hadi 
Published: December 2023

Introduction and importance:
In addition to extra gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyps, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS), a rare but well-known hereditary disorder, generates mucocutaneous lesions that resemble certain coloured freckles and gastrointestinal symptoms. Intussusception or polyps blocking the gastrointestinal lumen are examples of PJS consequences. Additionally, the polyps may cause ongoing bleeding that causes anaemia.

Case presentation:
A 15-year-old male patient with generalized stomach discomfort, frequent vomiting, and decreased appetite reported to the hospital’s ambulance department. A month and a half prior, the patient underwent a surgical laparotomy for intussusception. The clinical examination revealed many pigmentations near the mouth. The specialists decided to do an urgent laparotomy on the patient, during which a 60 mm necrotic intestinal intussusception was observed. The patient had an ileoileostomy and an amputation, and a pathology test discovered numerous benign hamartomatous polyps in the sample.“Putz-Jeghers Syndrome” had been determined to be the ultimate diagnosis.

Clinical discussion:
It is autosomal dominant and more prevalent in children and teenagers. According to some research, 30% of diseases are passed from parents to children while 70% may result from gene mutations.

Conclusion:
There is no evidence that the transformation of hamartomatous polyps led to the neoplastic tumours in these patients. It is suggested to carry out a complete screening program and detect PJS early in order to prevent gastrointestinal problems and dangerous malignancies.
Delayed Diagnoses in Patients With Dizziness in the US Commonwealth of Virginia and the Tidewater Region
Authors: Walker Kendra N. , Guy Kevin M. , Volsky Peter G. 
Published: December 2023

Objective:
In a region of approximately 1.7 million people (Tidewater, coastal Virginia), identify secondary diagnoses in persons with dizziness.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study utilizing TriNetX included individuals in the region of interest diagnosed with dizziness between 2010 and 2020. Subsequent diagnoses of vestibular disease or medical conditions possibly associated with dizziness in the same subjects were catalogued.

Results:
During the study period, 31,670 subjects were identified with diagnoses of dizziness as a symptom; 18,390 subjects were subsequently given a dizziness-related nonvestibular diagnosis, and 930 were given a subsequent vestibular disease diagnosis. The proportion of subjects diagnosed with vestibular disease (3%) after the dizziness diagnosis is far below expected norms (25%–34%) in the general population. There were greater proportions of delayed diagnoses of labyrinth dysfunction (odds ratio [OR], 4.8; P < 0.0001), superior semicircular canal dehiscence (OR, 3.1; P = 0.0023), otolith disease (OR, 3.1; P = 0.0023), among others, and a decreased proportion of delayed diagnosis of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (OR, 0.56; P < 0.0001).

Conclusions:
The discrepancy between expected and observed prevalence in our region indicates that vestibular disease is likely underdiagnosed.
Early Cardiac Arrest Hemodynamics, End-Tidal Co 2, and Outcome in Pediatric Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Secondary Analysis of the ICU-RESUScitation Project Dataset (2016–2021)*
Authors: Yates Andrew R. , Naim Maryam Y. , Reeder Ron W. , Ahmed Tageldin , Banks Russell K. , Bell Michael J. , Berg Robert A. , Bishop Robert , Bochkoris Matthew , Burns Candice , Carcillo Joseph A. , Carpenter Todd C. , Dean J. Michael , Diddle J. Wesley , Federman Myke , Fernandez Richard , Fink Ericka L. , Franzon Deborah , Frazier Aisha H. , Friess Stuart H. , Graham Kathryn , Hall Mark , Hehir David A. , Horvat Christopher M. , Huard Leanna L. , Maa Tensing , Manga Arushi , McQuillen Patrick S. , Morgan Ryan W. , Mourani Peter M. , Nadkarni Vinay M. , Notterman Daniel , Pollack Murray M. , Sapru Anil , Schneiter Carleen , Sharron Matthew P. , Srivastava Neeraj , Tilford Bradley , Viteri Shirley , Wessel David , Wolfe Heather A. , Yeh Justin , Zuppa Athena F. , Sutton Robert M. , Meert Kathleen L. 
Published: December 2023

OBJECTIVES:Cannulation for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation during active extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) is a method to rescue patients refractory to standard resuscitation. We hypothesized that early arrest hemodynamics and end-tidal Co2(ETco2) are associated with survival to hospital discharge with favorable neurologic outcome in pediatric ECPR patients.DESIGN:Preplanned, secondary analysis of pediatric Utstein, hemodynamic, and ventilatory data in ECPR patients collected during the 2016–2021 Improving Outcomes from Pediatric Cardiac Arrest study; the ICU-RESUScitation Project (ICU-RESUS; NCT02837497).SETTING:Eighteen ICUs participated in ICU-RESUS.PATIENTS:There were 97 ECPR patients with hemodynamic waveforms during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.INTERVENTIONS:None.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:Overall, 71 of 97 patients (73%) were younger than 1 year old, 82 of 97 (85%) had congenital heart disease, and 62 of 97 (64%) were postoperative cardiac surgical patients. Forty of 97 patients (41%) survived with favorable neurologic outcome. We failed to find differences in diastolic or systolic blood pressure, proportion achieving age-based target diastolic or systolic blood pressure, or chest compression rate during the initial 10 minutes of CPR between patients who survived with favorable neurologic outcome and those who did not. Thirty-five patients had ETco2data; of 17 survivors with favorable neurologic outcome, four of 17 (24%) had an average ETco2less than 10 mm Hg and two (12%) had a maximum ETco2less than 10 mm Hg during the initial 10 minutes of resuscitation.CONCLUSIONS:We did not identify an association between early hemodynamics achieved by high-quality CPR and survival to hospital discharge with favorable neurologic outcome after pediatric ECPR. Candidates for ECPR with ETco2less than 10 mm Hg may survive with favorable neurologic outcome.
Celiac Disease and Intussusception
Authors: Aldaher Anwaar , Alali Mariam Mahmoud , Ourfali Nouri , AlJubab Abdulwahab , Ali Qamar , Bashir Muhammed Salman , Al-Hussaini Abdulrahman 
Published: December 2023

Objectives
In young childhood, intestinal intussusception (IS) is the most common cause of small bowel obstruction. A lead point such as Meckel diverticulum, polyps, tumors, enlarged lymph nodes, cystic fibrosis, and Schoenlein-Henoch purpura are recognized causes. Association between celiac disease (CD) and IS has been well recognized in adults but rarely in children. Data on causes and outcome of intussusception among Saudi children are lacking in the literature. Our objectives were to characterize the pattern of IS among Saudi children and investigate the frequency, clinical presentation, and outcome of intussusception among children with CD.

Methods
We searched the hospital's picture archiving and communications system for abdominal imaging studies (ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography scan, and barium contrast studies), performed between 2008 and 2019, using “intussusception” as a search key word. The hospital medical records of the identified cases of intussusception (aged 0–14 years) were then retrospectively reviewed to collect demographic, clinical, laboratory and imaging findings, management, and outcome.

Results
During the study period, 57 cases were identified as confirmed IS (31 boys, median age 1.95 years, range 0.33–11 years). Abdominal ultrasound was the diagnostic imaging study in 93%. An underlying cause (secondary IS) could be identified in 19 (33.3%) cases: CD in 6, malignancy and Henoch-Schoenlein purpura, 5 each, and Meckel diverticulum in 3; the remaining 38 (66.6%) cases of IS were idiopathic (primary IS). The presence of hypoalbuminemia and abdominal distension were significantly associated with secondary IS as compared with primary IS (P < 0.001, P = 0.006, respectively). All of the 6 cases of IS associated with CD resolved spontaneously, but 3 were recurrent.

Conclusions
Secondary causes contributed to a large proportion of IS in our study cohort (33%) as compared with 5% to 10% in the literature. Celiac disease is an underrecognized cause of IS among children. A child with IS and hypoalbuminemia, anemia, or chronic diarrhea needs to be investigated for CD to avoid unnecessary surgery.
Multi-omics integration of scRNA-seq time series data predicts new intervention points for Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Mihajlović Katarina , Ceddia Gaia , Malod-Dognin Noël , Novak Gabriela , Kyriakis Dimitrios , Skupin Alexander , Pržulj Nataša 
Published: December 2023

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder without a cure. The onset of PD symptoms corresponds to 50% loss of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons, limiting early-stage understanding of PD. To shed light on early PD development, we study time series scRNA-seq datasets of mDA neurons obtained from patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell differentiation. We develop a new data integration method based on Non-negative Matrix Tri-Factorization that integrates these datasets with molecular interaction networks, producing condition-specific “gene embeddings”. By mining these embeddings, we predict 193 PD-related genes that are largely supported (49.7%) in the literature and are specific to the investigatedPINK1mutation. Enrichment analysis in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways highlights 10 PD-related molecular mechanisms perturbed during early PD development. Finally, investigating the top 20 prioritized genes reveals 12 previously unrecognized genes associated with PD that represent interesting drug targets.
Distinct effects of priming the brain using tDCS and observational practice: new evidence from brain effective connectivity
Authors: McLeod J. , Chavan A. , Lee H. , Sattari S. , Kurry S. , Wake M. , Janmohamed Z. , Hodges N.J. , Virji-Babul N. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractComplex motor skills can be acquired while observing a model without physical practice. Transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) applied to the primary motor cortex (M1) also facilitates motor learning. However, the effectiveness of observational practice for bimanual coordination skills is debated and there is little research on the effects of tDCS on acquiring bimanual skills and the underlying effective/causal brain connectivity. We compared the effect of primary motor cortex tDCS (M1-tDCS) to action-observation (AO) when acquiring a bimanual, two-ball juggling skill and characterized the brain causal connectivity patterns underlying each condition. Twenty healthy young adults with no juggling experience were randomly assigned to either video observation of a skilled juggler or anodal M1-tDCS. Thirty trials of juggling were performed and scored after the intervention. Resting-state EEG data were collected before and after the intervention. Information flow rate was applied to EEG source data to measure causal connectivity. Juggling scores were significantly higher in the AO group (p=.03). We found the strongest information exchange from (L) parietal to (R) parietal regions, strong bidirectional information exchange between (R) parietal and (R) occipital regions and an extensive network of activity that was (L) lateralized in the AO condition. In contrast, the M1-tDCS condition was characterized by bilateral long-range connections with the strongest information exchange from the (R) occipital region to the (R) temporal and (L) occipital regions. This study provides new results about the distinct network dynamics of priming the brain for skill acquisition using direct stimulation or indirect stimulation via action observation.