bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE TWILIGHT OF THE GODS? GENOMIC HISTORY AND THE RETURN OF RACE IN THE STUDY OF THE ANCIENT MEDITERRANEAN
Authors: Parmenter Christopher Stedman 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTThis article discusses the impact of genomic history, a subdiscipline that emerged in the study of the ancient Mediterranean in the 2010s. In 2014, scientists first published a method for extracting genetic material, which they christened aDNA (ancient DNA), from ancient human remains in hot climates. After a decade of research, genomic history is now poised to transform our understanding of Mediterranean premodernity, centering migration and conflict as the key mechanisms for cultural change. Despite years of critique, aDNA researchers have failed to seriously examine the bioessentialist assumptions implicit in their work—a failure that has led many to deploy language that is strikingly evocative of pre‐World War II racialism. Even worse, some genomic historians continue to make troubling overtures toward the ethnonationalist Right, which has been ascendant across Europe and North America since the 2010s. This article traces the intellectual genealogy of genomic history from World War II to the present, examines recent attempts to answer criticism from the humanities and social sciences, and suggests paths for responsible use of aDNA in historical and prehistorical scholarship.
Bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in paediatrics: Real‐life experience from a French cohort (2019–2023)
Authors: Frange P. , Veber F. , Burgard M. , Blanche S. , Avettand‐Fenoel V. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesAlthough widely recommended, data on bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF) efficacy in HIV‐1‐infected children/adolescents are mainly extrapolated from studies in adults and one paediatric trial in which subjects have good treatment adherence. This study aimed to provide data about the risk of virological failure (VF) and acquired genotypic resistance in children and adolescents receiving BIC/FTC/TAF in a real‐world setting.MethodsThis retrospective monocentric study included 74 paediatric patients who received BIC/FTC/TAF during ≥6 months in 2019–2023. VF was defined as not achieving a plasma viral load <50 copies/mL within 6 months of BIC/FTC/TAF initiation or as experiencing virological rebound ≥50 copies/mL.ResultsMost patients were antiretroviral therapy (ART)‐experienced (93.2%), previously exposed to integrase inhibitors (85.1%) and displayed viral suppression at baseline (67.6%). Their median age was 11.2 years [interquartile range (IQR): 8.8–15.2]. BIC/FTC/TAF introduction reduced treatment burden in most ART‐experienced subjects. Genotypic susceptibility score of BIC/FTC/TAF was ≥2 in all cases. Median follow‐up was 40 months (IQR: 21–46). VF occurred in 28 people (37.8%), more frequently in the case of VF versus viral suppression at baseline (68% vs. 26%, P = 0.02). BIC/FTC/TAF was interrupted for suspected intolerance in only one case (1.4%). Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) mutation (T69D/N) emerged in one patient (3.6% of VF) after 47 months of continuous detectable viraemia while on ART. No acquisition of mutations in the integrase gene was observed.ConclusionBecause of its high genetic barrier to resistance, BIC/FTC/TAF could be especially useful in the paediatric population, in which the risk of poor treatment adherence and VF is high.
LBBB and heart failure—Relationships among QRS amplitude, duration, height, LV mass, and sex
Authors: Manne Mahesh , Niebauer Mark , Tchou Patrick , Varma Niraj 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundHeight, left ventricular (LV) size, and sex were proposed as additional criteria for patient selection for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) but their connections with the QRS complex in left bundle branch block (LBBB) are little investigated. We evaluated these.MethodsAmong patients with “true” LBBB, QRS duration (QRSd) and amplitude, and LV hypertrophy indices, were correlated with patient's height and LV mass, and compared between sexes.ResultsIn this study cohort (n = 220; 60 ± 12 years; left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] 21 ± 7%; mostly New York Heart Association II–III, QRSd 165 ± 19 ms; 57% female; 70% responders [LVEF increased ≥5%]), LV mass was increased in all patients. QRS amplitude did not correlate with LV mass or height in any individual lead or with Sokolow‐Lyon or Cornell‐Lyon indices. QRSd did not correlate with height. In contrast, QRSd correlated strongly with LV mass (r = .51). CRT response rate was greater in women versus men (84% vs. 58%, p < .001) despite shorter QRSd [7% shorter (p < .0001)]. QRSd normalized for height resulted in a 2.7% and for LV mass 24% greater index in women.ConclusionTrue LBBB criteria do not exclude HF patients with increased LV mass. QRS amplitudes do not correlate with height or LV mass. Height does not affect QRSd. However, QRSd correlates with LV size. QRSd normalized for LV mass results in 24% greater value in women in the direction of sex‐specific responses. LV mass may be a significant nonelectrical modifier of QRSd for CRT.
Rescue method for a stranded giant manta ray (Mobula birostris)
Authors: Chupil Henrique , Medeiros Andrielli Maryan , Dopona Alisson Peter Brito , Treza Carolina de Castro , Pessi Caroline Freitas , Pereira Eduardo Roberto 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAn opportunistic rescue of a stranded 6 m giant manta ray off Ilha Comprida, in São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, revealed a new technique for returning large bodied mobulid rays to the water once beached. The technique, adapted from protocols to move stranded cetaceans, was modified to suit the dorso‐ventrally compressed shape of mobulid rays and reduce damage to the animal while being pulled back into deeper water. The method and suggestions for its improvement have been described with the intention of assisting in the rescue of other stranded large mobulids.
Globalization: Migrant nurses' acculturation and their healthcare encounters as consumers of healthcare
Authors: Zlotnick Cheryl , Patel Harshida , Ali Parveen Azam , Odewusi Temitayo , Luiking Marie‐Louise 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGlobally, one of every eight nurses is a migrant, but few studies have focused on the healthcare experiences of migrant nurses (MNs) as consumers or recipients of healthcare. We address this gap by examining MNs and their acculturation, barriers to healthcare access, and perceptions of healthcare encounters as consumers. For this mixed‐methods study, a convenience sample of MNs working in Europe and Israel was recruited. The quantitative component's methods included testing the reliability of scales contained within the questionnaire and using Hayes Process Model #4 to test for mediation. The qualitative component's methods included analyzing interviews with iterative inductive thematic analysis. Quantitative findings on MNs (n = 73) indicated that the association between acculturation and perception of the healthcare encounter, which MNs experienced as healthcare consumers, was mediated by barriers to healthcare access, even after adjusting for age and gender (p = 0.03). Qualitative interviews with MNs (n = 13) provided possible explanations for the quantitative findings. Even after working in the host country's healthcare system for several years, MNs reported difficulties with their healthcare encounters as healthcare consumers, not only due to their limited knowledge about the culture and healthcare resources but also due to the biased responses they received.
Authigenic‐cemented pebbles formed during Pleisto–Holocene transgression of gently inclined coastal plains
Authors: Wetzel Andreas , Niemann Helge 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTFrom numerous modern gently inclined coastal areas and deltas around the world carbonate‐cemented sandstone slabs and pebbles have been reported. Such sandstones collected at the coast of the German North Sea and the Mediterranean Sea (Rhône Delta) are cemented by calcite derived from the anaerobic oxidation of methane, as evidenced by biomarkers and δ13C isotope values <−35‰ typical of anaerobic oxidation of methane. The methane originated from peat, which formed in coastal lowlands, deltas and channels during the Pleisto–Holocene transgression due to the concomitant rise of the groundwater level. During ongoing transgression, the peat became overlain by marginal‐marine mud, acting as a seal, and finally by marine sand. In shallow‐marine settings, wave‐pumping effects during storms led to seal failure and methane could migrate upward. This scenario matches recent observations in the German North Sea where a pockmark field formed during the winter storm season. The emanating methane was eventually oxidized aerobically or anaerobically by anaerobic oxidation of methane in the sand cover. The CH4 generated in the peat underneath contains ‘old’ carbon that becomes, in the case of anaerobic oxidation of methane, incorporated into bicarbonate, which in turn facilitates cementation of sand and, thus, causes the peculiar situation that the C‐14 age of the cement is older than the bioclasts embedded in the sandstone. Such authigenically cemented sandstones have environmental significance for flooding of gently inclined coastal plains.
Cover crops and soil loosening are key components for managing P and C stocks in agricultural soils
Authors: Mattila Tuomas J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAgricultural soils have accumulated phosphorus (P) and lost carbon (C) in the recent decades. Simultaneously, soil structure has been degraded by the large increase in machinery weight. High wheel loads compact the subsoil, resulting in reduced root growth, decreased yields, and hence decreased C inputs and P removals. To reduce the accumulated excess P stock, the P balance should be kept strongly negative for decades, which requires high biomass production. P accumulation in poorly yielding field parts has created local hotspots, often characterized by soil compaction and poor drainage. They may be only 1%–6% of the agricultural landscape area but present a high risk for waterbodies. Identifying and targeting these hotspots for P removal can be a key strategy for mitigating P emissions. Achieving the P removal is most likely to require soil loosening to repair the damage caused by compaction and use of cover crops to mine out the accumulated P. This soil improvement strategy can also be beneficial for C sequestration and crop productivity. This commentary highlights the current status and recent developments in the interactions between compaction, cover crops and P loss to provide a research basis for developing landscape‐level strategies.
An Invariant Representation of Coupler Curves Using a Variational AutoEncoder: Application to Path Synthesis of Four-Bar Mechanisms
Authors: Nurizada Anar , Purwar Anurag 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper focuses on the representation and synthesis of coupler curves of planar mechanisms using a deep neural network. While the path synthesis of planar mechanisms is not a new problem, the effective representation of coupler curves in the context of neural networks has not been fully explored. This study compares four commonly used features or representations of four-bar coupler curves: Fourier descriptors, wavelets, point coordinates, and images. The results demonstrate that these diverse representations can be unified using a generative AI framework called variational autoencoder (VAE). This study shows that a VAE can provide a standalone representation of a coupler curve, regardless of the input representation, and that the compact latent dimensions of the VAE can be used to describe coupler curves of four-bar linkages. Additionally, a new approach that utilizes a VAE in conjunction with a fully connected neural network to generate dimensional parameters of four-bar linkage mechanisms is proposed. This research presents a novel opportunity for the automated conceptual design of mechanisms for robots and machines.
Buckling Load Optimization of Variable Thickness and Stiffness Composite Plate Using Semi-Analytical Method: Aerospace Structures
Authors: Vallabhbhai Patel Jeegar , Amgai Sandesh , Davidson Paul 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Optimized structures with lightweight designs are an essential requirement for aerospace structures. Thin skin composites are utilized in such structures owing to their strength-to-weight benefits. Additionally, varying the fiber angle in the composite structures allows for design with localized stiffness variation. Stiffness variation, especially in bending can also be achieved by varying local thickness. In this study, we attempt to improve the buckling performance of the thin skin structures by combining the fiber angle variation and thickness variation spatially across a panel. The semi-analytical approach was used to calculate the buckling load of the panel was calculated with the objective to increase the buckling load while maintaining the weight of the uni-axially loaded panels. The optimized buckling value was observed to be increased up to 0.5308 N/mm from a quasi-isotropic stack up ([−45/45/45/−45]2s) of constant thickness plies (0.125 mm each), by varying the fiber angles of the laminate stack, with a further increase up to 1.49 N/mm by inducing thickness variation along with the varied fiber angles.
A Micro-Scale Numerical Investigation of Internal and Interfacial Void Defects in Adhesive on Failure Behavior of Adhesively-Bonded Materials With Rough Surfaces
Authors: Qiao Yao , Ko Seunghyun , Samanta Avik , Merkel Daniel R. , Shin Yongsoon , Guzman Anthony , Nickerson Ethan K. , Ramos Jose L. , Simmons Kevin L. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper studied the effects of air void defects on the failure behavior of adhesively-bonded materials under global shear via micro-scale computational modeling. The numerical results indicated that interfacial void defects can largely facilitate interfacial debonding of a weaker adherend/adhesive interface under shear. However, this is not the case for a stronger adherend/adhesive interface, showing the reduction on the nominal shear strength of an adhesive joint is mainly due to internal void defects. The reduced bonding performance due to voids can be improved by leveraging an appropriate surface roughness. This preliminary investigation is a first step to better understand the micro-mechanics of inter-facial failure in the adhesion of a roughened/patterned adherend via surface modification(s) and an adhesive, and also shows the importance of minimizing interfacial void defects in particular at a weaker adherend/adhesive interface via different techniques.
Quantification of Material and Geometric Defects Variability in Fiber-Reinforced Composites With Ply Waviness Defects
Authors: Díaz-Montiel Paulina , González Ayala Gabriela , Rivera Adrian , Mauk Rebekah , Reiner Coleman , Venkataraman Satchi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This article presents the findings of defects in fiber-reinforced polymeric composite laminates manufactured with artificially-induced ply waviness features. The design of the ply waviness mimics defects seen in composites at ply drops and in regions of tow overlaps and gaps. Detailed imaging of the composite microstructure after curing is conducted via optical microscopy, and material and defect variability are quantified.
Results confirm that manufacturing of composites with artificially-induced ply waviness causes additional defects at lower material scales, including fiber volume fraction variations, voids/porosity, and ply thickness variations. The consolidation during debulking, flow of the resin, and deformation of the fibers at regions of gaps or overlaps cause these additional defects during the curing. Efforts to understand strength knockdowns in composites due to ply waviness, therefore, must also include such associated defects or look for process improvements that minimize them.
Enhancement of NX NASTRAN Flutter Prediction Capabilities and Use of Experimental Parameters in Aeroelastic Calculations
Authors: Gagliardi Giuseppe Maurizio , Kulkarni Mandar D. , Marulo Francesco 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This work introduces a novel methodology to improve the flutter calculation capabilities of NX NASTRAN software. The developed methodology, named Master of Modes (MoM), further enhances its capabilities to exceptionally increase the accuracy of the structural model. MoM approach allows for smarter numerical models where each vibration mode can be individually selected and included in the analysis. The investigation of the behavior of each mode alone and the study of how it interacts with each of the other modes enables an improved investigation of the Velocity-damping-frequency (Vgf) plots, solving the tedious problem of roots sorting. Furthermore, MoM allows a partial or complete utilization of experimental data to improve flutter calculations. Until now, data coming from Ground Vibration Testing (GVT) are merely used to tune the numerical flutter model trying to obtain the best correspondence for modal parameters. With MoM, it is possible to go beyond this tuning procedure and use experimental data in a more direct and massive way, allowing the highest possible fidelity of the structural model. The procedure has been applied and validated on a wide variety of models including full-aircraft aeroelastic models.
Finite Element Modeling on F.R.E.T. for Origami-Inspired CubeSat Applications
Authors: Troise Andrea , Buscicchio Alessandro , Netti Vittorio , Cinefra Maria 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Modelling of multi-layer rigid-flex printed circuit boards (PCB) for origami structures can be carried out with several different strategies, often resorting to models that either require a considerable amount of computational power, resulting excessively complex, or descending to oversimplifications that do not grasp the structural dynamics. Among these strategies, finite element modelling results the most convenient because it seizes the behaviour of the system with an eye on computational efficiency. This study shows a new finite element analysis approach to model the dynamics of FRET (Flexible Reinforced Electronics with Textile), a novel technology enabler for aerospace structures, applied on a COTS solar panel for small CubeSats (Solarcube). Solar-cube is a deployable solar panel prototype system based on the flasher origami pattern, which possesses a large ratio of stowed-to-deployed area. Two finite element analyses are carried out, The first one is a launch forces modal analysis of the undeployed prototype, during which vibrations and impact shocks become relevant. The second analysis was performed on the fully-deployed model to investigate the response of the solar panel substructure to the various solicitations relevant to the working phase. The results allow to evaluate the effectiveness of the finite element technique in this specific scenario and also to explore the possibilities of the FRET technology, applied to deployable space structures.
An Optimization Strategy Based on Machine Learning and Layer-Wise Models to Minimize Process-Induced Deformations in CFRP Parts
Authors: Zobeiry Navid , Zappino Enrico , Schoenholz Caleb , Masia Rebecca , Petrolo Marco 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Virtual manufacturing of composites has become increasingly important over the last two decades as a tool to improve the quality and sustainability of composite structures. However, the manufacturing process simulation is complex and multidisciplinary and may require high computational overheads. This paper aims to the virtual curing of composite parts and use machine learning techniques to optimize the stacking sequence and minimize process-induced deformations. Such a methodology combines 1D finite element (FE) models, experimental testing, and machine learning models. The FE model exploits higher-order layer-wise theories to compute accurate through-the-thickness distributions of shear and peeling stresses. 1D elements lead to better efficiency by requiring a fraction of the computational cost usually needed by 3D finite element models. DSC and DMA tests characterize relevant material properties, e.g., the degree of cure, viscoelastic moduli, and free strains. Furthermore, a cure-hardening instantaneously linear elastic (CHILE) constitutive model is adopted. The FE model allows the rapid evaluation of residual stresses, spring-in angles, and warpage. Due to its numerical efficiency, various lay-up combinations can be evaluated, and the results can feed a dataset to train an Artificial Intelligence system. This study uses Gaussian process regression (GPR) to fit probabilistic response surfaces to numerical deformation predictions, explore the design space, and find optimal lay-ups minimizing defects. Furthermore, mitigation strategies are developed using specific lay-ups around geometry transition points such as sharp corners. Finally, optimal lay-ups are validated by fabricating L-shaped parts with similar conditions.
A Theory-Guided Machine Learning and Reduced-Order Finite Element Modeling Framework to Accelerate Process Simulation of Aerospace Composite Parts
Authors: Fu Huilong , Zobeiry Navid 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Finite Element (FE) analysis is widely used for process simulation of advanced composites in aerospace applications. However, as the fidelity of FE models improves, the cost and time to calibrate, setup and perform simulations also increases significantly. To speed-up process simulation, reduced-order FE can be used. Reduced-order FE and Machine Learning (ML) can be combined to further speed-up the process simulation and enable process optimization. However, theory-agnostic ML usually requires large datasets which may not be feasible in industry. This can be mitigated by integrating the underlying physics into ML to develop Theory-Guided Machine Learning (TGML) models. In this study, for process simulation and optimization of a composite stringer on a wing skin, three modeling approaches are compared: 1) high-fidelity FE modeling, 2) surrogate ML modeling based on high-fidelity FE results, and 3) surrogate TGML modeling based on both high-fidelity and low-fidelity FE results. It is shown that TGML, with the guidance of underlying physics of composites curing, can improve prediction accuracy and significantly reduce the amount of data needed for training compared to theory-agnostic ML.