bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of Photodegradation of Thiazion Dye Methylene Blue under Exposure to a Laser for Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Rasseko D. S. , Pugachevskii M. A. , Zhakin A. I. 
Published: January 2024

Purpose. To study the process of photodegradation of methylene blue under the influence of laser radiation with a wavelength of 660 nm, used for photodynamic therapy installations, for the formation of reactive oxygen species, in particular short-lived hydroxyl radicals, using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy.Methods. The residual concentration of methylene blue during photodegradation was determined using an HR2000 spectrometer. The formation of hydroxyl groups was detected using an EPR spectrometer SPINSCAN X.Results. Analysis of data on the photodegradation of methylene blue shows that under the influence of laser radiation with a wavelength of 660 nm, the structure of methylene blue is destroyed, manifested in the gradual discoloration of the dye solution. When trypaflavin is added to the solution, the rate of photodegradation of methylene blue slows down significantly. Analysis of ESR spectroscopy data shows that when methylene blue is exposed to a red laser, (OH’) radicals begin to intensively form in the solution. Their content increases significantly with increasing irradiation power.Conclusion. Irradiation of an aqueous solution of the thiazion dye methylene blue by a laser source with a power of 0.3÷1 W and a wavelength of 660 nm leads to its active photodegradation. The addition of trypaflavin leads to a slowdown in the process of photodegradation of methylene blue when irradiated with red light due to the consumption of part of the generated oxygen-containing radicals for the degradation of trypaflavin. According to EPR spectroscopy data using DMPO spin traps, it has been proven that when methylene blue is irradiated with a red laser, active formation of hydroxyl OH' radicals occurs. It was found that with increasing laser radiation intensity, the amount of generated hydroxyl radicals (OH') increases significantly. The presented results may contribute to the development of effective photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy of tumor tumors.
Observation of Long-Lived Plasma Formations in a Toroidal air Vortex under Normal Conditions
Authors: Ivanov A. S. 
Published: January 2024

Purpose. Experimentally investigate the difference between the characteristic lifetime of plasma formations in a stationary and rotating toroidal air volume under normal ambient conditions.Methods. Experimental study of plasmoids was carried out by videotaping with a high-speed camera with subsequent frame-by-frame processing of the recording. Generation of plasmoids was performed by mechanical rupture of the plasma cord of the welding arc in the field of permanent magnets. The creation of toroidal rotation of the plasma formation in air occurs when it passes through a hole in a solid screen. Numerical estimation of mechanical forces acting on ions in the air vortex is performed by order of magnitude using experimental data.Results. Two different in design laboratory installations for observation of plasma formations in air under normal external conditions have been created. The lifetime of such "long-lived" plasmoids in air is equal to about two milliseconds, which significantly exceeds the lifetime of a plasma-forming welding arc in the free state under the same conditions. The increase in plasmoid lifetime is considered and explained within the framework of mechanical ideas about spatial separation of heavy and light ions inside the plasma under the action of inertia forces as a result of rotational motion of air. The proposed mechanical model of the phenomenon is obviously simplified and does not take into account diffusion, recombination and other related phenomena, since the main and only difference between the observed "longlived" and "ordinary" plasmoids lies in the nature of the mechanical motion of the medium.Conclusion: Two experimental setups allowing to generate and observe the behavior of plasma formations with a characteristic lifetime of the order of two milliseconds are created and described. The results of observations indirectly confirm a simple mechanical hypothesis about the connection between the lifetime of a free plasma formation and the rotational motion of the gas inside it.
Model of a Magnetoactive Elastomer with Structure Parameter
Authors: Stolbov O. V. , Raikher Yu. L. 
Published: January 2024

Purpose. To propose a simple and physically reasonable way to describe basic properties of magnetoactive elastomers under the action of magnetic field and/or mechanical loading.Methods. A phenomenological approach is developed, in the framework of which the aggregation of ferroparticles in a magnetoactive elastomer is interpreted as the appearance of an order parameter whose physical meaning resembles, although does not coincide entirely with, the number of the particles dwelling in aggregates normalized by the total number of the particles. The corresponding functional contribution to the free energy of the system is constructed in the form similar to that of the Landau-de Gennes expansion, as it is used in the theory of phase transitions. Depending on the presence of the cubic term in this expansion, the transition may develop along the scenarios of either I or II order.Results. In a model 1D calculation it is shown that the dependences of the main characteristics of the composite, viz. magnetization and deformation, on the applied field and mechanical load, might be in a unified manner described as being entailed by the evolution of the above-introduced order parameter. A specific feature manifested by the model system is its ability to display quasi-plastic response that exists as long as the external field is on, and to get back to elastic behavior as soon as the field is switched off.Conclusions. The results obtained are found to be in good agreement with the data obtained from the direct numerical modelling of the mesoscopic variant of the considered problem. In qualitative aspect, the discovered specific features of the rheological bahavior closely resemble the results of experimental studies om mechanical loading of magnetoactive composites consisting of a silicone rubber filled with micron-size particles of carbonyl iron.
Viscosity Anomalies of Magnetic Fluid Stabilized by a Double Layer of Surfactant in Water
Authors: Lebedev A. V. 
Published: January 2024

Purpose to study the temperature dependence of the viscosity of a water-based magnetic fluid.Method. Consists of measuring the dynamic viscosity of a magnetic fluid based on cobalt ferrite particles stabilized in water by a double layer of surfactant. Lauric acid (first layer) and a mixture of lauric acid and sodium dodecyl sulfate (second layer) were used as a stabilizer. Measurements were performed using a Brookfield DV-II+Pro rotational viscometer equipped with a coaxial cylinder system. The measuring system of the viscometer was thermostated using a KRIO-VT-12-1 thermostat.Results. The temperature dependences of dynamic viscosity were measured for three samples of magnetic fluid based on cobalt ferrite particles of various concentrations in the temperature range 0–90C°. The obtained temperature dependences of viscosity are radically different from the temperature dependences both predicted by known theories and experimentally observed for kerosene-based magnetic fluids. According to well-known theoretical models, the ratio of the viscosity of the magnetic fluid to the viscosity of the base medium is a certain universal function of particle concentration. Different models offer different types of this feature. But it clearly follows from them that the viscosity ratio should not depend on temperature. For magnetic fluids based on kerosene, it has been experimentally established that its relative viscosity decreases with increasing temperature. However, according to the results obtained, the relative viscosity of a water-based magnetic fluid does not decrease with increasing temperature, but increases significantly. That is, the viscosity of a water-based magnetic fluid decreases more slowly with increasing temperature than the viscosity of water.Conclusion. The observed dependencies completely contradict the known patterns, both theoretical and experimentally established for kerosene-based magnetic fluids. The results obtained may be useful for the further development of the theory of aqueous colloidal solutions with particle stabilization by a double layer of surfactants.
Barriers and Implications of 5G Technology Adoption for Hospitals in Western China: Integrated Interpretive Structural Modeling and Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory Analysis
Authors: Zhou Linyun , Jiang Minghuan , Duan Ran , Zuo Feng , Li Zongfang , Xu Songhua 
Published: January 2024

Background
5G technology is gaining traction in Chinese hospitals for its potential to enhance patient care and internal management. However, various barriers hinder its implementation in clinical settings, and studies on their relevance and importance are scarce.

Objective
This study aimed to identify critical barriers hampering the effective implementation of 5G in hospitals in Western China, to identify interaction relationships and priorities of the above-identified barriers, and to assess the intensity of the relationships and cause-and-effect relations between the adoption barriers.

Methods
This paper uses the Delphi expert consultation method to determine key barriers to 5G adoption in Western China hospitals, the interpretive structural modeling to uncover interaction relationships and priorities, and the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory method to reveal cause-and-effect relationships and their intensity levels.

Results
In total, 14 barriers were determined by literature review and the Delphi method. Among these, “lack of policies on ethics, rights, and responsibilities in core health care scenarios” emerged as the fundamental influencing factor in the entire system, as it was the only factor at the bottom level of the interpretive structural model. Overall, 8 barriers were classified as the “cause group,” and 6 as the “effect group” by the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory method. “High expense” and “organizational barriers within hospitals” were determined as the most significant driving barrier (the highest R–C value of 1.361) and the most critical barrier (the highest R+C value of 4.317), respectively.

Conclusions
Promoting the integration of 5G in hospitals in Western China faces multiple complex and interrelated barriers. The study provides valuable quantitative evidence and a comprehensive approach for regulatory authorities, hospitals, and telecom operators, helping them develop strategic pathways for promoting widespread 5G adoption in health care. It is suggested that the stakeholders cooperate to explore and solve the problems in the 5G medical care era, aiming to achieve the coverage of 5G medical care across the country. To our best knowledge, this study is the first academic exploration systematically analyzing factors resisting 5G integration in Chinese hospitals, and it may give subsequent researchers a solid foundation for further studying the application and development of 5G in health care.
Assessing ChatGPT’s Mastery of Bloom’s Taxonomy Using Psychosomatic Medicine Exam Questions: Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Herrmann-Werner Anne , Festl-Wietek Teresa , Holderried Friederike , Herschbach Lea , Griewatz Jan , Masters Ken , Zipfel Stephan , Mahling Moritz 
Published: January 2024

Background
Large language models such as GPT-4 (Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4) are being increasingly used in medicine and medical education. However, these models are prone to “hallucinations” (ie, outputs that seem convincing while being factually incorrect). It is currently unknown how these errors by large language models relate to the different cognitive levels defined in Bloom’s taxonomy.

Objective
This study aims to explore how GPT-4 performs in terms of Bloom’s taxonomy using psychosomatic medicine exam questions.

Methods
We used a large data set of psychosomatic medicine multiple-choice questions (N=307) with real-world results derived from medical school exams. GPT-4 answered the multiple-choice questions using 2 distinct prompt versions: detailed and short. The answers were analyzed using a quantitative approach and a qualitative approach. Focusing on incorrectly answered questions, we categorized reasoning errors according to the hierarchical framework of Bloom’s taxonomy.

Results
GPT-4’s performance in answering exam questions yielded a high success rate: 93% (284/307) for the detailed prompt and 91% (278/307) for the short prompt. Questions answered correctly by GPT-4 had a statistically significant higher difficulty than questions answered incorrectly (P=.002 for the detailed prompt and P<.001 for the short prompt). Independent of the prompt, GPT-4’s lowest exam performance was 78.9% (15/19), thereby always surpassing the “pass” threshold. Our qualitative analysis of incorrect answers, based on Bloom’s taxonomy, showed that errors were primarily in the “remember” (29/68) and “understand” (23/68) cognitive levels; specific issues arose in recalling details, understanding conceptual relationships, and adhering to standardized guidelines.

Conclusions
GPT-4 demonstrated a remarkable success rate when confronted with psychosomatic medicine multiple-choice exam questions, aligning with previous findings. When evaluated through Bloom’s taxonomy, our data revealed that GPT-4 occasionally ignored specific facts (remember), provided illogical reasoning (understand), or failed to apply concepts to a new situation (apply). These errors, which were confidently presented, could be attributed to inherent model biases and the tendency to generate outputs that maximize likelihood.
Evaluation and Measurement Properties of a Patient-Reported Experience Measure for Home Dialysis
Authors: Rivara Matthew B. , Prince David K. , Leuther Kerstin K. , Hussein Wael F. , Mehrotra Rajnish , Edwards Todd , Schiller Brigitte , Patrick Donald L. 
Published: January 2024

Background
No previously validated patient-reported experience measures exist for use among patients undergoing home dialysis. We tested the Home Dialysis Care Experience survey, a newly developed 26-item experience measure, among patients from 30 dialysis facilities in the United States.

Methods
Using mail and telephone survey modalities, we approached 1372 patients treated with peritoneal dialysis or home hemodialysis for participation. Using the results from completed surveys, we evaluated item calibration by assessing item floor and ceiling effects. We tested three sets of composite scores and used factor analysis to assess model fit for each. We evaluated associations of composite scores with global ratings and separately with patient and dialysis facility characteristics. Finally, we measured test–retest reliability in patients who completed the survey at two separate time points.

Results
Overall, 495 eligible patients completed at least one survey (response rate 36%). Of these, 49 completed the survey in Spanish and 61 completed a second survey within 30 days. We did not detect significant floor or ceiling effects, except for one item that demonstrated >90% responses at the top response option. Analyses supported one 12-item composite scale with high internal consistency reliability: Quality of Home Dialysis Care and Operations (Cronbach alpha=0.85). This scale strongly correlated with overall staff rating (r=0.73) and overall center rating (r=0.70). Patient demographic and dialysis facility characteristics were not consistently associated with composite scale scores or overall staff or center ratings. Intraclass correlation coefficients in the test–retest population were 0.74 for the Quality scale, 0.88 for overall staff rating, and 0.90 for overall center rating.

Conclusions
The Home Dialysis Care Experience survey is a 26-item measure that includes one composite scale and two global rating scores and is an informative tool to evaluate patient experience of care for home dialysis.
Совершенствование методов определения стоимости проектных решений на ранних этапах реализации инвестиционно-строительных проектов
Authors: Чернова Полина Александровна , Бовсуновская Мария Петровна 
Published: January 2024

Перечень основных решений по реализации инвестиционно-строительного проекта описывается и утверждается в составе проектной документации, однако выбор и обоснование этих решений производятся заказчиком и инвестором уже на предпроектном этапе. Именно на предпроектном этапе принимается решение о целесообразности проекта, формируется технико-экономическое обоснование, в котором особое значение имеют не только такие основные технико-экономические показатели, как площадь, строительный объем, протяженность и т.п., но и состав и стоимость отдельных принятых объемно-планировочных и конструктивных решений. Так, один и тот же объект может быть возведен из монолитного железобетона и кирпича, а может — из быстровозводимых металлоконструкций и многослойных ограждающих конструкций. При этом функциональное назначение объекта останется прежним, но стоимость значительно изменится.
В связи с этим актуальность данной статьи заключается в исследовании методов определения стоимости различных вариантов проектных решений на предпроектном этапе как основы успешной реализации проекта в будущем, так как наиболее экономически обоснованные варианты решений, выявленные уже на ранней стадии, могут существенно снизить затраты всего проекта и повысить его эффективность.
Целью исследования является совершенствование подходов к обоснованию стоимости различных проектных решений на предпроектной стадии реализации инвестиционно-строительного проекта.
Авторами рассмотрены существующие методы обоснования стоимости строительства на предпроектном этапе инвестиционно-строительного проекта, а также разработаны предложения по их совершенствованию: составлен алгоритм оценки стоимости строительства на ранних этапах инвестиционно-строительного проекта с учетом стоимости альтернативных проектных решений.
Реализация авторами алгоритма оценки стоимости строительства на ранних этапах инвестиционно-строительного проекта стала возможной благодаря разработке методики создания банка данных о стоимости проектных решений, накопления, анализа и структурирования данных о стоимости уже реализованных объектов жилищно-гражданского назначения (административных зданий общей площадью от 1000 до 20 000 м2). Также проведен факторный анализ стоимости административных зданий с выявлением причин отклонений стоимости идентичных показателей от среднего значения.
Полученные результаты могут лечь в основу формирования новой базы данных цен конструктивных решений, необходимых при расчете предполагаемой стоимости на этапе обоснования инвестиций. Такие данные смогут позволить определять стоимость более достоверно именно на ранних этапах — на этапе перехода от задумки к разработке основных технических решений, которые будут определять облик, технологичность и стоимость строительных объектов.
Расширение возможностей строительного контроля с внедрением технологий информационного моделирования для объектов многофункциональной недвижимости
Authors: Храбров Антон Павлович 
Published: January 2024

Расширение возможностей строительного контроля с внед­рением технологий информационного моделирования (ТИМ) — метод обеспечения организационно-технологической надежности создания объектов многофункциональной недвижимости, как инструмент наращивания результативности данного типа коммерческого строительства. Строительный контроль является одним из эффективных методов обеспечения организационно-технологической надежности создания объектов капитального строительства, использование современных технологий позволяет существенно увеличить их эффективность.
На сегодняшний день остается еще огромное количество вопросов и трудностей, с которыми каждый день сталки­ваются проектировщики, строители, контрольные органы и другие участники данного направления. Крупные строительные компании уже приступили к тестированию и внедрению новых технологий.
С каждым годом технологии информационного модели­рования в Российской Федерации все активнее применяются на всех этапах жизненного цикла объектов.
Сейчас довольно распространены технологии информа­ционного моделирования в проектировании, несколько меньше на этапе строительства, и совсем незначительно на этапе эксплуатации зданий и сооружений. Существуют российские разработчики, которые создают под нужды современных реалий новое программное обеспечение, помогающее сократить время на выполнение рутинных процессов, сохранить и верифицировать информацию, донести ее до всех адресатов максимально быстро и без потерь1.
В данной статье рассматриваются некоторые из подобных технологий, которые уже используются на этапе строительства и строительного контроля в единой среде общих данных. Это позволяет получать данные в нужный момент и в подходящем виде, без траты большого количества времени на всевозможные исправления, которые чем позже происходят, тем становятся более дорогостоящими.
На стадии проектирования, если проектировщику не приходят особые требования от заказчика, он вправе выполнять порученное ему задание любым удобным ему способом. Если же на начальном этапе планирования строительства какого-либо нового, либо реконструкции уже существующего объекта, со стороны заказчика будет формироваться пакет требований не только к промежуточным результатам всего инвестиционно-строительного проекта, но и требования к дальнейшим результатам работ (строительство и эксплуатация)2. Это позволит на ранних этапах четко выстраивать стратегию всех процессов, подобрать современные технологии, которые могут сократить множество издержек, и в особенности финансовые и временные затраты.
Determination of Distributed Water Volume in Arctic Surge Glaciers for Input to Modeling Surge Initiation: A Combined Approach via Image Classification and ICESat-2 Altimetry Data
Authors: Middleton Rachel , Herzfeld Ute , Opfer Camden , Trantow Thomas , Han Huilin 
Published: January 2024

Surge glaciers have a unique type of glacial acceleration, surging, in
which the glacial system leaves a period of quiescence and experiences
velocities that are up to 200 times the non-surge velocities. Surge
events play a critical role in sea level rise (SLR), as the mass loss
from even a single marine-terminating glacier during a surge has been
estimated to be upwards of 0.5 percent of annual global SLR.
Glacial hydrology, the water that flows through and below the glacier,
plays a critical role in surge evolution and initiation, as the
initiation of a surge requires decoupling of the glacier from the bed
via reduction of basal friction, which is directly related to the
hydropotential and water accumulation at the basal boundary.
This work establishes a simple framework for accurately determining the
basal pre-surge hydrologic conditions and modeling the subsequent
glacial dynamics, which may lead to a surge event.
This work takes a combined approach via image classification,
algorithmic interpretation of ICESat-2 altimetry data, and 3D glacial
modeling. Using satellite imagery, the distribution of surface water is
determined via a simple image classification approach.
Distribution of glacial surface water is determined via supervised
classification of satellite imagery. The volume of surface water is
determined by estimating water and ice surface elevation for each water
feature with the Density-Dimension Algorithm for ice surfaces. The
DDA-ice-2 determines ice surface height, crevasse morphology of wet and
dry crevasses and water depth from ICESat-2 ATLAS data. The
DDA-bifurcate algorithm determines ice surface height, melt pond
morphology, and water depth from ICESat-2 ATLAS data.