bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multidimensional school features associated with physical activity among youth at risk of obesity: an exploratory principal component and generalized estimating equation analysis
Authors: Bird Madeleine , Barnett Tracie A. , Fuller Daniel , Chinerman Deanna , Mathieu Marie-Ève , Datta Geetanjali D. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Schools may be high-leverage points for the promotion of physical activity (PA), yet little is known about school built and social environments among youth at high risk of obesity.

Purpose
To characterise school built and social environments that may be salient for PA and to examine associations between school PA environments and PA in youth at risk of obesity.

Methods
Data from youth attending 206 schools (314 youth in 2005–2008, and 129 youth in 2008–2010) within the QUALITY cohort study, a longitudinal investigation of youth at high risk of obesity were used. Features of schools, based on built, policy/programming and social environments were identified using principal components (PC) analysis. Gender-stratified generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were used to explore associations between school features and accelerometer measured mean counts per minute (MCPM), mean daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and the odds of meeting MVPA guidelines cross-sectionally and prospectively using 90% confidence intervals.

Results
Nine PCs were identified. Associations were observed between PA and 7 of the 9 PCs. The social environment seemed to be particularly important. Social Norms to Promote PA was associated with an increase in girls’ baseline MCPM and MVPA. High Willingness to Promote PA was associated with boys’ MCPM, MVPA, and odds of meeting MVPA guidelines, at both baseline and follow-up.

Conclusion
School built and social contexts may be associated with PA cross-sectionally and over time. Further studies are necessary to confirm the direction and magnitude of effects and to establish their relevance to school-based health promotion efforts.
Public opinions and attitudes toward a state monopoly: a study of the finnish gambling system
Authors: Macey Joseph R. , Abarbanel Brett L. , Castrén Sari , Hamari Juho J. , Salonen Anne H. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Gambling regulated through a state monopoly is often justified for reasons of public health, that is, that monopolies are a more effective means of reducing potential harm. This focus on harm prevention has increased in recent years, particularly as a result of pressures arising from the growth of online gambling and of legislation designed to promote competition. While prior works have examined the role of stakeholders in influencing policy decisions and in public discussions of the monopoly systems, attention has been focused on those with direct financial interests; the opinions of the public have largely been absent from these discussions. In 2017 Finland restructured its monopoly order to improve efficacy of addressing gambling related harms; this restructuring offers a valuable insight into public perceptions of and attitudes toward the suitability of the Finnish system to address gambling-related harm.

Methods
This work uses Structural Equation Modelling and compares attitudes toward the Finnish system between 2015 (pre-restructuring) and 2019 (post-restructuring).

Results
Overall public opinion of the Finnish system as being suitable for addressing gambling harms declined between 2015 and 2019, despite the restructuring. Several predictors of attitudes were identified, however, the majority had small effect sizes, while the model explained little variance.

Conclusion
This work concludes that existing approaches to examining public opinions of gambling regulation should be amended to include additional predictors. Furthermore, it is likely that context-specific predictors should be included in models, in order to reflect the socio-cultural history of the population being investigated. Such predictors should be determined in respect to the population of interest but, for example, could include items measuring trust in authority, political orientation, cultural acceptance of gambling, or religious affiliation.
Practice of colorectal cancer screening in the United Arab Emirates and factors associated – a cross-sectional study
Authors: Alsaad Latifa Nabeel , Sreedharan Jayadevan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Colorectal cancer is a significant public health concern globally, with high incidence and mortality rates. Despite the implementation of CRC screening guidelines, the uptake of screening among adults in the UAE remains low. This study aimed to assess the practice, factors associated, barriers, and knowledge gaps among adults in the UAE.

Materials and methods
2100 residents of the UAE, aged > = 40 years, participated in the study. A validated questionnaire was used to collect data. Data was collected through online platforms and face-to-face interviews in healthcare settings. Chi-Square test and binary logistic regression were used for data analysis.

Results
The study revealed a low CRC screening rate of 9.1%. Factors analyzed included age groups, health insurance coverage, regular physician checkups, family history of CRC, awareness of CRC, and knowledge levels about CRC and its signs and symptoms. Participants in the 50–59 age group showed a slightly higher likelihood of CRC screening, but the difference was not statistically significant. However, individuals in the 60–69 and > = 70 age groups were more likely to undergo screening. Regular physician checkups, family history of CRC, prior knowledge of CRC, and knowledge about the disease and its signs and symptoms were associated with a higher likelihood of screening, with statistically significant OR.

Conclusion
A low CRC screening rate of 9.1% among adults. Barriers to screening included not being offered a test by physicians, fear of positive results, discomfort with the screening process, perception of pain, and lack of knowledge. Identifying particulate barriers and developing targeted measures requires larger-scale research.
Continuous and repeat metabolic measurements compared between post-cardiothoracic surgery and critical care patients
Authors: Shinozaki Koichiro , Yu Pey-Jen , Zhou Qiuping , Cassiere Hugh A. , John Stanley , Rolston Daniel M. , Garg Nidhi , Li Timmy , Johnson Jennifer , Saeki Kota , Goto Taiki , Okuma Yu , Miyara Santiago J. , Hayashida Kei , Aoki Tomoaki , Wong Vanessa K. , Molmenti Ernesto P. , Lampe Joshua W. , Becker Lance B. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objective
Using a system, which accuracy is equivalent to the gold standard Douglas Bag (DB) technique for measuring oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide generation (VCO2), and respiratory quotient (RQ), we aimed to continuously measure these metabolic indicators and compare the values between post-cardiothoracic surgery and critical care patients.

Methods
This was a prospective, observational study conducted at a suburban, quaternary care teaching hospital. Age 18 years or older patients who underwent mechanical ventilation were enrolled.

Results
We included 4 post-surgery and 6 critical care patients. Of those, 3 critical care patients died. The longest measurement reached to 12 h and 15 min and 50 cycles of repeat measurements were performed. VO2 of the post-surgery patients were 234 ± 14, 262 ± 27, 212 ± 16, and 192 ± 20 mL/min, and those of critical care patients were 122 ± 20, 189 ± 9, 191 ± 7, 191 ± 24, 212 ± 12, and 135 ± 21 mL/min, respectively. The value of VO2 was more variable in the post-surgery patients and the range of each patient was 44, 126, 71, and 67, respectively. SOFA scores were higher in non-survivors and there were negative correlations of RQ with SOFA.

Conclusions
We developed an accurate system that enables continuous and repeat measurements of VO2, VCO2, and RQ. Critical care patients may have less activity in metabolism represented by less variable values of VO2 and VCO2 over time as compared to those of post-cardiothoracic surgery patients. Additionally, an alteration of these values may mean a systemic distinction of the metabolism of critically ill patients.
Retrospective study of an incisional hernia after laparoscopic colectomy for colorectal cancer
Authors: Kobayashi Toshinori , Miki Hisanori , Yamamoto Nobuyuki , Hori Soushi , Hatta Masahiko , Hashimoto Yuki , Mukaide Hiromi , Yamasaki Makoto , Inoue Kentaro , Sekimoto Mitsugu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to examine the incidence of incisional hernia (IH) in elective laparoscopic colorectal surgery (LC) using regulated computed tomography (CT) images at intervals every 6 months.

Methods
We retrospectively examined the diagnosis of IH in patients who underwent LC for colorectal cancer at Kansai Medical University Hospital from January 2014 to August 2018. The diagnosis of IH was defined as loss of continuity of the fascia in the axial CT images.

Results
470 patients were included in the analysis. IH was diagnosed in 47 cases at 1 year after LC. The IH size was 7.8 cm2 [1.3–55.6]. In total, 38 patients with IH underwent CT examination 6 months after LC, and 37 were already diagnosed with IH. The IH size was 4.1 cm2 [0–58.9]. The IH size increased in 17 cases between 6 months and 1 year postoperatively, and in 1 case, a new IH occurred. 47%(18/38) of them continued to grow until 1 year after LC. A multivariate analysis was performed on the risk of IH occurrence. SSI was most significantly associated with IH occurrence (OR:5.28 [2.14–13.05], p = 0.0003).

Conclusion
IH occurred in 10% and 7.9% at 1 year and 6 months after LC. By examining CT images taken for the postoperative surveillance of colorectal cancer, we were able to investigate the occurrence of IH in detail.
Longitudinal trend of urolithiasis incidence rates among world countries during past decades
Authors: Borumandnia Nasrin , Fattahi Payam , Talebi Atefeh , Taheri Maryam , Alvani Mohammadamin Sabbagh , Balani Mohammadreza Mafi , Ashrafi Sadra , Alavimajd Hamid 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Introduction
This study explores the trend of urolithiasis in various countries and categorizes the countries in terms of how their urolithiasis incidence rate has changed over time.

Methods
The incidence rate of urolithiasis in 204 countries from 1990 to 2019, extracted from the Global Burden of Disease study, has been analyzed.

Results
According to the results, all regions had experienced an increasing trend in urolithiasis rate, except for Eastern Europe, Central Europe, and Southeast Asia regions (decreasing rates of -71.4, -56.2, and -9.2 per 100000, respectively). Moreover, the Caribbean region had the highest increasing trend of urolithiasis rates, and Central Asia was in the next rank (increasing rate of 48.3 and 34.3 per 100,000, respectively, p-value < .05). Also, African regions revealed significant increasing trends over time (p-value < 0.05). The outstanding findings in cluster analysis showed that Afghanistan, Andorra, and Comoros had the most decreasing trend in urolithiasis rates over time (decreasing rate of -128.2 per 100000, p-value < .001). Cuba, Cyprus, Czechia, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Denmark, and Djibouti were in the next rank in terms of decreasing rate (decreasing rate of -92.3 per 100000, p-value < .001). In addition, urolithiasis rates in Congo, Eswatini, Gabon, and Grenada have the most increasing trend (increasing rate of 116.1 per 100000, p-value < .001).

Conclusion
The trend of urolithiasis rates was significantly increased in most countries, and Congo, Eswatini, Gabon, and Grenada had the highest trend among others. Also, Afghanistan, Andorra, and Comoros revealed the most decreasing rates, and the trend has dropped remarkably in several other countries.
Effectiveness of oral clonidine and gabapentin on peripheral neuropathy in diabetic patients in southwestern Iran: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Hassanzadeh Sajad , Bagheri Soraya , Majid Ahmadi Seyed , Ahmadi Seyed Ahmadreza , Moradishibany Isaac , Dolatkhah Hosein , Reisi Sajjad 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Peripheral neuropathy is not only the most prevalent consequence of diabetes but also the main reason for foot ulceration, disability, and amputation. Therefore, the current study aims to determine the effectiveness of oral clonidine and gabapentin on peripheral neuropathy in diabetic patients.

Methods
This 12-week, randomized, and parallel-group trial was conducted to compare the efficacy of oral clonidine and gabapentin with gabapentin alone in diabetic patients in southwest Iran during the first half of 2021. Thirty patients with type 2 diabetes with peripheral neuropathy as assessed by a visual analog scale (VAS) and divided into two groups of 15 patients, treated for up to three months. The data were analyzed using SPSS-21 software. In order to report the results, descriptive indices, independent t-test, one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and analysis of variance with repeated measures were used.

Results
The mean and standard deviation of the age of the participants in the clonidine + gabapentin group was equal to 50.20 ± 7.44, and in the gabapentin group was equal to 50.47 ± 7.57 (t = 0.10, P-value = 0.923). This research showed a significant difference between the clonidine + gabapentin group and with gabapentin group in terms of neuropathic pain and the severity of neuropathic pain (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
According to this research results, clonidine + gabapentin can reduce neuropathic pain and the severity of neuropathic pain in diabetic patients. Therefore, it is recommended that healthcare professionals with diabetes expertise prescribe these medications to reduce neuropathic pain and its severity.

Trial registration
This study was registered in the Iranian Clinical Trials System with the ID (IRCT20211106052983N1) on 14/01/2022.
Exploring the ‘January effect’ at a university hospital in Pakistan: a retrospective cohort study investigating the impact of trainee turnover on patient care quality outcomes
Authors: Riaz Qamar , Mitha Rida , Shamim Muhammad Shahzad , Virani Qurat-Ul-Ain , Belgaumi Asim , Khan Muhammad Rizwan , Roshan Rozina , Zahid Nida , Haider Adil 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objective
There are reports of a potential rise in a teaching hospital’s morbidity and mortality rates during the trainee turnover period, i.e., with the induction of new residents and house staffs, and the changeover of clinical teams. The published literature displays mixed reports on this topic with lack of reproducible observations. The current study was conducted to explore existence of any such phenomenon (January effect) in Pakistan.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study was conducted at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Five-year (2013–2018) record of all the patients in all age groups related to these outcomes was retrieved and recorded in specifically designed questionnaire. Different outcome measures were used as indicators of patient care and change in these outcomes at the time of new induction was related to possible January effect.

Results
During the five-year study period, more than 1100 new trainees were inducted into the post graduate medical education program (average of 237 per year) with more than 22,000 inpatient admissions (average of 45,469 per year). Some patterns were observed in frequencies of surgical site infections, medication errors, sentinel events, patient complaints, and adverse drug reactions. However, these were not consistently reproducible and could not be directly attributed to the trainee turnover. All other indicators did not show any pattern and were considered inconclusive. No effect of overlap was observed.

Conclusions
Inconsistency in the patient care quality indicators do not favor existence of January effect in our study. Further research is recommended to establish our results.
‘You are not alone.’ An exploratory study on open-topic, guided collaborative reflection sessions during the General Practice placement
Authors: Walinga Chris W. , Barnhoorn Pieter C. , Essers Geurt T.J.M. , Schaepkens Sven P.C. , Kramer Anneke W.M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
To support professional development of medical students faced with challenges of the clinical phase, collaborative reflection sessions (CRSs) are used to share and reflect on workplace experiences. Facilitation of CRSs seems essential to optimise learning and to provide important skills for lifelong learning as a professional. However, little is known about which workplace experiences students share in CRSs without advance guidance on specific topics, and how reflecting on these experiences contributes to students’ professional development. Therefore, we explored which workplace experiences students shared, what they learned from reflection on these experiences, and how they perceived the value of CRSs.

Methods
We conducted an exploratory study among medical students (N = 99) during their General Practice placement. Students were invited to openly share workplace experiences, without pre-imposed instruction. A thematic analysis was performed on shared experiences and student learning gains. Students’ perceptions of CRSs were analysed using descriptive statistics.

Results
All 99 students volunteered to fill out the questionnaire. We found four themes relating to students’ shared experiences: interactions with patients, complex patient care, diagnostic or therapeutic considerations, and dealing with collegial issues. Regarding students’ learning gains, we found 6 themes: learning from others or learning from sharing with others, learning about learning, communication skills, self-regulation, determination of position within the healthcare team, and importance of good documentation. Students indicated that they learned from reflection on their own and peer’s workplace experiences. Students valued the CRSs as a safe environment in which to share workplace experiences and helpful for their professional development.

Conclusions
In the challenging General Practice placement, open-topic, guided CRSs provide a helpful and valued learning environment relevant to professional development and offer opportunities for vicarious learning among peers. CRSs may also be a valuable tool to incorporate into other placements.
Proposal of neural network model for neurocognitive rehabilitation and its comparison with fuzzy expert system model
Authors: Kotyrba Martin , Habiballa Hashim , Volna Eva , Jarusek Robert , Smolka Pavel , Prasek Martin , Malina Marek , Jaremova Vladena 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article focuses on the development of algorithms for a smart neurorehabilitation system, whose core is made up of artificial neural networks. The authors of the article have proposed a completely unique transfer of ACE-R results to the CHC model. This unique approach allows for the saturation of the CHC model domains according to modified ACE-R factor analysis. The outputs of the proposed algorithm thus enable the automatic creation of a personalized and optimized neurorehabilitation plan for individual patients to train their cognitive functions. A set of tasks in 6 levels of difficulty (level 1 to level 6) was designed for each of the nine CHC model domains. For each patient, the results of the ACE-R screening helped deter-mine the specific CHC domains to be rehabilitated, as well as the initial gaming level for rehabilitation in each domain. The proposed artificial neural network algorithm was adapted to real data from 703 patients. Experimental outputs were compared to the outputs of the initially designed fuzzy expert system, which was trained on the same real data, and all outputs from both systems were statistically evaluated against expert conclusions that were available. It is evident from the conducted experimental study that the smart neurorehabilitation system using artificial neural networks achieved significantly better results than the neurorehabilitation system whose core is a fuzzy expert system. Both algorithms are implemented into a comprehensive neurorehabilitation portal (Eddie), which was supported by a research project from the Technology Agency of the Czech Republic.
The willingness to continue using wearable devices among the elderly: SEM and FsQCA analysis
Authors: Wang Ying , Lu Liyan , Zhang Rui , Ma Yiming , Zhao Shuping , Liang Changyong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
With population aging and the scarcity of resources for elderly individuals, wearable devices pose opportunities and challenges for elderly care institutions. However, few studies have examined the effects of technical characteristics, personal characteristics, and health promotion on the willingness of elderly individuals to continue using wearable devices.

Objective
This study explored the effects of technical characteristics and personal characteristics on the willingness of elderly individuals to continue using wearable devices through health promotion, drawing on the technology acceptance model and the value attitude behaviour model.

Methods
We obtained 265 valid samples through questionnaire surveys and used structural equation modelling (SEM) and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (FsQCA) to clarify the complex causal patterns of elderly people’s willingness to continue using wearable devices.

Results
The SEM results showed that perceived usefulness, perceived reliability, self-perceived ageing, and health promotion affected willingness to continue using wearable devices. However, perceived ease of use had no effect. FsQCA showed that elderly individuals are highly willing to continue using wearable devices, yielding five solutions. Perceived ageing was essential in four of these solutions. The impact of perceived ease of use on continued use intention was dynamic and complex.

Conclusions
This study used two methods to provide insight into the willingness of elderly individuals to continue using wearable devices. In addition, this study discussed associated implications, limitations, and future research directions.