bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remission of the polycystic ovarian condition (PCO) in the rat following hemiovariectomy
Authors: Convery Margaret , McCarthy Gerald F. , Brawer James R. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe estradiol valerate‐induced polycystic ovarian condition in the rat represents a normal ovarian response to aberrant endocrine stimuli. Although we have shown that removal of one polycystic ovary (hemiovariectomy) results in restoration of cyclicity and normal morphology in the remaining ovary by 1 week, nothing is known about the process of recovery or about the role of the hypothalamopituitary unit in initiating recovery. We have therefore examined ovaries at 3, 12, 24, 48, and 120 hours following removal of the contralateral polycystic ovaries. The ovarian content and size distribution of healthy and atretic follicles was determined, as well as the occurrence of follicular cysts, type III large follicular structures, and corpora lutea. The plasma LH pattern was also examined at a short postoperative interval. At 3 hours, there was a significant increase in mean ovarian weight that coincided with the emergence of healthy large secondary follicles. By 12 hours, there was a significant sustained diminution in the number of atretic follicles of all sizes, but the total number of healthy follicles did not increase significantly until 120 hours. The cystic follicles had all but disappeared by 120 hours because of mechanical compression by newly developing ovarian tissue. Ovarian recovery is, therefore, biphasic, consisting of a very early diminution in atresia coincident with, and perhaps caused by, a major alteration in the plasma LH pattern. The second phase is characterized by a wave of follicular recruitment and development.
Morphometric analysis of thoracic muscles in wildtype and in bithorax Drosophila
Authors: Egger M. David , Harris Suzan , Peng Bonnie , Schneiderman Anne M. , Wyman Robert J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe tergotrochanteral (TTM) “jump” muscles in the second (T2) and third (T3) thoracic segments of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, were analyzed morphologically and morphometrically in wildtype (Canton‐S) and bithorax mutants (abx bx3 pbx / Df(3R)P2). In the transformed T3 segments of mutant flies, the TTMs were greatly increased in fiber number (330% of wildtype), length (141%), and volume (460%), thus manifesting both hyperplasia and hypertrophy. In contrast, TTMs in the “untransformed” T2 segments of mutant flies were both hypoplastic and hypotrophic, in that significant decreases in fiber number (93% of wildtype), length (90%), and volume (80%) were observed.Two relationships emerged from analysis of the morphometric data: (1) Although the fiber numbers and volumes of the transformed T3 TTMs in bithorax flies were greatly increased, the total combined volumes of the TTMs in T2 + T3 remained approximately the same in bithorax compared to wildtype flies. (2) The changes in TTM volumes in bithorax flies compared to those in wildtype were proportional to the relative changes in fiber numbers times the relative changes in muscle lengths. These observations suggest that the genes of the bithorax complex influence the number and the length of tubular muscles fibers of the TTMs, but do not significantly affect the mean cross‐sectional areas of these fibers.Fibrillar muscle fibers, which are not found at all in T3 segments in wildtype flies, were observed in the transformed T3 segments of bithorax mutants in 11 of 18 cases (61%), but typically as wisps, not in complete muscles. We suggest that, in the T3 segment of the bithorax flies, the relative differences between the massive transformation of tubular TTMs vs. the minimal appearance of fibrillar muscles may be related, in part, to the relative availability of muscle precursors.
X‐chromosome monosomy in the myelin‐deficient rat mutant
Authors: Rosenbluth J. , Perle M. A. , Shirasaki N. , Hasegawa M. , Wolf M. E. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWe have identified three examples of female Wistar rats exhibiting the tremor and seizures characteristic of the X‐linked myelin deficiency (md) mutation, which is ordinarily seen only in males. Cytogenetic study of two of these animals has shown them to have 41 chromosomes instead of the normal 42. The missing chromosome was identified as an X chromosome by G‐banding analysis. These animals thus have an XO genotype comparable to that in Turner's syndrome. Anatomically, one of the animals, which was studied in detail, showed no abnormality of the uterus, and the ovaries, although somewhat smaller than normal, were histologically indistinguishable from those in a normal female rat. No evidence of endocardial fibroelastosis was detected, nor was there any anomaly of the aorta. The myelin deficiency in the central nervous system was comparable to that in hemizygous mutant male rats. XO monosomy in the Wistar rat thus has little effect on phenotype and is more comparable to that in mice than to Turner's syndrome in man. The myelin‐deficient rat is useful for studies of X‐chromosome monosomy since XO females can readily be identified by the neurological syndrome characteristic of the md mutation.
Distribution of laminin in the murine pituitary
Authors: Nunez Eladio A. , Pomeranz Howard D. , Gershon Michael D. , Payette Robert F. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe distribution and cellular localization of the glycoprotein laminin were investigated by light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry in the adult murine pituitary gland. Immunoblots confirmed that laminin was the only protein in the pituitary gland of the adult male mouse to react with antilaminin serum. Laminin immunoreactivity was demonstrated at the light microscopic level simultaneously with that of β‐follicle stimulating hormone (β‐FSH) and β‐luteinizing hormone (β‐LH). In addition to its distribution is basal laminae, laminin immunoreactivity was coincidently expressed in gonadotrophs with the immunoreactivities of β‐FSH and β‐LH. Electron microscopic immunocytochemistry was employed on aldehyde‐fixed sections embedded in L.R. White. Sites of binding of primary antisera to laminin were identified with affinity‐purified secondary antisera directly coupled to 20 nm particles of colloidal gold. Three antisera recognizing laminin were compared and found to result in an identical pattern of immunoreactivity. Laminin was found extracellulary only in formed basal laminae in all three lobes of the pituitary and was not found in extracellular matrices of connective tissue. Laminin immunoreactivity was also found intracellularly in gonadotrophs but in none of the other endocrine or non‐endocrine cells of the anterior lobe. Within gonadotrophs, only secretory granules were labeled. The majority, but not all, secretory granules were labeled in each of the gonadotrophs examined, and the proportion of granules labeled with laminin could not be increased by doubling the concentration of anti‐laminin serum. Laminin immunocreactivity segregated with the subset of secretory granules containing β‐FSH. In contrast, laminin immunoreactivity was absent in the smaller subset of secretory granules that contain serotonin. No secretory granules were labeled within the endocrine cells of the intermediate lobe, nor within secretory granules of neural elements in the posterior lobe.
Golgi tendon organs in the proximal tendon of sheep extraocular muscles
Authors: Ruskell G. L. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractSheep extraocular muscles were prepared for light and electron microscopy and their proximal tendons searched for Golgi tendon organs (GTO). An extensive aponeurotic lamina on the orbital surfaces contained numerous GTO 250–1350 μm in length with characteristic terminal form and relationship with collagen. They differed from usual GTO structure in containing large fluid‐filled spaces dividing collagen into several well separated compartments and a muscle fiber entered and terminated in about one third of the receptors. The fibers, Felderstruktur in type, often penetrated deep within tendon organs, and in a few instances two or more fibers entered. This feature is shared by the rare GTO of monkey extraocular muscles.That the presence of GTO in the proximal tendons of extraocular muscles is previously unrecorded may be attributed to the practice of restricting attention to the long distal tendons. The possibility that receptors may be so placed in other species warrants further work especially in those purported to lack any receptor.
Immunochemical localization of Clara cell protein by light and electron microscopy in conducting airways of fetal and neonatal hamster lung
Authors: Strum Judy M. , Singh Gurmukh , Katyal Sikandar L. , McDowell Elizabeth M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAn antibody to a protein produced by Clara cells in adult Syrian golden hamsters has been used to monitor the development and functional differentiation of secretory cells in the conducting airway epithelium of this species. Lungs from fetal and neonatal hamsters at gestational day 11 and at intervals up to and including 3.5 weeks of age (as well as adults) were studied. The earliest time this Clara cell protein could be identified by immunoperoxidase labeling in the fetal conducting airways was at gestational day 15. On this day, labeling was observed in a few secretory cells lining the trachea, in many lining the lobar bronchi, and in virtually all secretory cells lining the bronchioles. Ciliated cells and endocrine cells were not labeled. Granules first appeared within the apical cytoplasm of the secretory cells on gestational day 15 at all airway levels. To identify the exact subcellular location of this protein, an ultrastructural labeling procedure using protein A gold was employed. The gold particles labeled only electron‐dense granules within the secretory cells, indicating that they represent the specific site of this protein. Since secretory cells in the most distal conducting airways began to produce this protein on the same day in development as cells in the larger airways, including the trachea, this expression of functional maturation occurs simultaneously throughout the conducting respiratory tree rather than proceeding sequentially in a cranial to caudal direction. Consequently, secretory cells lining the smaller conducting airways mature more rapidly than those lining the larger airways.
Ulrastructure of cytoskeletal element of endothelial and stromal cells of rat marrow
Authors: Campbell Ferrell R. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThis study reports the distribution of microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments in endothelial cells, reticular cells, and macrophages of bone marrow of rats following fixation with glutaraldehyde, tannic acid, and saponin. In endothelial cells bundles of microfilaments are seen along the basal surface, where these cells adhere to underlying extracellular materials. The reticular cells, especially those that are closely associated with the endothelium of sinusoids, contain many intermediate filaments and microtubules as well as microfilaments. The reticular cell processes that partially cover the endothelium and extend among the blood cells have numerous microtubules and intermediate filaments arranged longitudinally within them; these cytoskeletal elements appear to provide mechanical support for the processes. Macrophages also have many microtubules and intermediate filaments but these organelles do not extend into the thin processes of these cells as is the case with reticular cells. Bundles of microfilaments are observed in the cytoplasm of adventitial and endothelial cells at sites where migrating blood cells are attached to these cells producing local regions of stress.
Staging equine seminiferous tubules by Nomarski optics in unstained histologic sections and in tubules mounted in toto to reveal the spermatogenic wave
Authors: Johnson Larry , Hardy Vince B. , Martin Michael T. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractNomarksi optics were used to identify stages of the spermatogenic cycle of seminiferous tubules in sectioned tissue or in whole dispered tubules and to characterize the equine spermatogenic wave. Embedded tissues were sectioned at 20 μm. Whole dispersed tubules were obtained by enzymatic digestion of thin slices of fresh testis. Dispersed tubules were fixed, dehydrated in graded levels of alcohol, infiltrated with Epon, and mounted in toto on glass slides. Stages of the spermatogenic cycle could be idetified under Nomarski optics in both histologic sections and tubules mounted in toto. Stage dependent nuclear chromatic and cytoplasmic changes in spermatogonica, spermatocytes, and spermatids were evident. Spermatid development included chromatin condensation, nuclear elongation, acrosomal development from the Golgi and proacrosomic granules, migration of the annulus and mitochondrial alignment, and the transient appearance of the chromatoid body and manchette. Both nuclear and cytoplasmic details of Sertoli cells were revealed. In tubules mounted in toto, the spermatogenic wave along the length of the tubules occurred as a consecutive set of stages occupying small regions to that of humans than that of rats. The combination of enzymatic isolation of seminiferous tubules and identification of spermatogenic stages by Nomarski optics facilitates examination of the spermatogenic wave in species whose tubules are tightly bound and not easily teased apart.
Ultrastructure of oocyte migration through the mouse ovarian surface epithelium during neonatal development
Authors: Wordinger Robert , Sutton Jacklene , Brun‐Zinkernagel Anne‐Marie 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPrevious studies using light microscopy have described the presence of oocytes within the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) of the neonate ovary and their subsequent release into the periovarian space. The ultrastructural examination and quantitative estimate of oocyte migration through the OSE is described in this study. The surface of the mouse ovary is covered by a simple squamous to simple cuboidal epithelium resting on a distinct basal lamina. Healthy, non‐atretic primordial follicles located in the periphery of the ovarian cortex interact with the OSE. Oocytes within the primordial follicles are large (50–70 μm), spherical cells surrounded by a single layer of squamour granulosa cells. Migratory oocytes initially display a ruffled border and extended pseudopodia like cellular extensions towards the OSE. These processes subsequently compromise the basal lamina of the OSE and extend between the epithelial cells. Granulosa cells retract as junctional complexes between them and the oocyte are no longer observed. The oocyte migrates between the OSE cells and passes into the periovarian space without the loss of either OSE or granulosa cells. The rate of oocyte migration reaches a peak during the first week of neonatal development and then gradually diminishes until by day 28 of development no oocyte migration was observed.
Identification of glyoxylate cycle enzymes in chick liver—the effect of vitamin D3: Cytochemistry and biochemistry
Authors: Davis Walter L. , Jones Ruth G. , Farmer Gene R. , Dickerson Todd , Cortinas Elma , Cooper O. J. , Crawford Linda , Goodman David B. P. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractInformation regarding the presence of the glyoxylate cycle in chick liver was sought. This metabolic pathway has long been thought to be absent from vertebrate tissues. Previous studies in other tissues have shown that, when present, this pathway is sensitive to vitamin‐D. Thus, the effect of long‐term vitamin‐D deficiency and subsequent vitamin‐D replacement on liver structure was studied by light microscopy. In addition, specific biochemical assays for the presence of glyoxylate cycle enzymes were performed. Light microscopy of lipid extracted tissues, light microscopic histochemistry, and quantitative histochemistry showed that the hepatocytes from vitamin‐D‐deficient animals contained primarily lipid. Hepatocytes from normal and vitamin‐D‐replete livers contained primarily carbohydrate as judged by their staining with periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS). Also, malate synthase positive peroxisomes were seen in hepatocytes from normal and vitamin‐D‐treated chicks. Structures positive for this glyoxylate cycle enzyme were rarely seen in the hepatocytes from vitamin‐D‐deficient animals. Biochemical analyses showed the presence of the two unique glyoxylate cycle enzymes, isocitrate lyase and malate synthase, in chick hepatocytes. The activity of these enzymes was markedly increased in the vitamin‐D‐replete livers. In addition, chick hepatocytes demonstrated the capacity to oxidize fatty acid in the presence of cyanide. This activity, which is characteristic of peroxisomal B‐oxidation rather than mitochondrial, was stimulated by vitamin‐D treatment. Lastly, incubation of chick liver in the presence of a fatty acid substrate (palmitate) led to higher tissue glycogen content. The latter was further increased in liver from vitamin‐D‐replete animals. These data show the presence of glyoxylate cycle enzymes in a higher vertebrate and indicate that this tissue is endowed with the capacity to convert lipid to carbohydrate.
Immunocytochemical localization of follicle stimulating hormone in normal human stomach
Authors: Mandrekar Pranoti S. , Sheth Anil R. , Doctor Vatsala M. , Zaveri Jayesh P. , Sheth Nandini A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractImmunoreactive follicle‐stimulating hormone (IR‐FSH) is detected in sections of formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded gastric mucosal tissue of normal men, using the immunoperoxidase staining technique and specific antisera to hFSH (NIDDK, NIH). Positive staining for IR‐FSH was detected in the parietal cells lining the gastric glands of the intermediate zone. The staining was intracytoplasmic and distributed throughout the cytoplasm. IR‐FSH was also found to be present in the basal part of the foveolar epithelium. Stromal tissue and nuclei were devod of the stain. The zymogen cells in the deeper region of the mucosa did not show any detectable staining for IR‐FSH. The presence of IR‐FSH in gastric mucosa was also detected by radioimmunoassay.Gel chromatography of the gastric tissue extract showed a single peak of FSH immunoreactivity that coeluted with the 125I‐labled highly purified FSH preparation (NIDDK, NIH). Furthermore, the FSH in the pituitary tissue extract had a chromatographic profile similar to that of IR‐FSH from gastric tissue, and 125I‐FSH labeled highly purified FSH, indicating a close resemblance in their molecular sizes. These results demonstrate that IR‐FSH is present in the normal human gastric mucosa. The role of this regulatory petpide in gastric tissue, if any, needs to be investigated.
In vivo staining of mouse preimplantation embryos with hoechst 33342
Authors: Sawicki W. , Mystkowska E. T. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractFemale mice bearing secondary oocytes or preimplantation embryos of various stages were injected with Hoechst 33342 (H 33342), either intravenously or intraperitoneally and sacrificed at various intervals afterward. The dye penetrated through the wall of oviduct and stained the nuclei of its cells as well as mitotic chromosomes of secondary oocytes, the pronuclei of one‐cell embryos, and nuclei of blastomeres and polar bodies. The nuclear fluorescene was observed in living cells flushed out of the oviduct as well as in those fixed in oviduct, embedded in paraffin, and sectioned. H 33342 injected in a dose of 10 μg/g of body weight failed to interfere with preimplantation development of stained embryos as indicated by the number of blastocysts per mouse and number of cells per blastocyst.
Comparison between two finlte‐element modelling methods for measuring change in craniofacial form
Authors: Lozanoff Scott 
Published: February 2005

AbstractFinite‐element modelling of form change is a useful morphometric technique for measuring differences between anatomical patterns. Two different finite‐element algorithms currently are used. One method requires normalized coordinates as input data, while the second method uses globalized coordinates as input data. This study determines whether the two finite‐element methods provide equivalent measures of three‐dimensional form change when applied to the nasal septa of embryonic mice. Computer models of the nasal septa from mice of 15 and 17 days gestation were generated. Homologous landmarks were identified so that each nasal septum was represented by a tetrahedral finite‐element. These elements were subjected to both finite‐element modelling methods. Results show that the two algorithms use different interpolation functions and yield dissimilar intermediate results, but generate identical strain matrices as well as equivalent principal extensions, directions of form change, variables of form change, and graphical displays. Therefore, results are directly comparable from studies using either finite‐element modelling method.
Immunohistochemical studies on the development of cells containing progastricsin (minor pepsinogen) in comparison to prochymosin and pepsinogen in bovine abomasal mucosa
Authors: Cybulski Wojciech , Andrén Anders 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe localization of progastricsin was studied in cells of abomasal mucosa from cattle of different ages and feeding regimes and compared to the localization of prochymosin and pepsinogen in the same material by use of an immunofluorescence technique with specific rabbit antibodies.Immunoreactivity for progastricsin was first found in calves at the age of about 45 days in surface mucous cells in the pit of the fundic gland. In older calves and adults, mucous neck cells also produced progastricsin. In the pyloric mucosa, on the other hand, traces of progastricsin immunoreactivity were found in the lower base of the pyloric gland even in newborn calves. When the calves grew older, progastricsin‐immunoreactive cells also developed in the pit and later in the neck of the pyloric gland; and the number of these cells in this region increased with age. The development of progastricsin‐producing cells seemed to be influenced only by age and not by the feeding of milk to the calves.The ontogeny of progastricsin, prochymosin, and pepsinogen exhibited an interesting pattern in cattle, as they started to be produced at three different ages and gave three different patterns of development in the cells of abomasal mucosa. The number of cells producing prochymosin was closely correlated with milk‐feeding, while the development of progastricsin was most related to the age of the calf. The most stable factor during the development of the cells in the abomasum was the number of cells producing pepsinogen.