bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control tuning methodology for modular multilevel converter‐based STATCOM
Authors: Sousa Renata O. , Cupertino Allan , Pinto Jonathan H. D. G. , Morais Lenin M. F. , Pereira Heverton A. , Teodorescu Remus 
Published: December 2023

SummaryThe application of modular multilevel converters (MMC) in medium voltage static synchronous compensators (STATCOMs) has been investigated in recent years. A huge challenge for MMC‐STATCOM is to compute the gain of the controllers. Therefore, the contribution of this paper is the proposal of a control tuning methodology for MMC‐STATCOM. For this purpose, the control and tuning strategies are presented. Since MMC‐STATCOM can employ different modulation strategies, two distinct modulation strategies are considered: nearest‐level control, with variable switching frequency; and phase‐shifted carrier pulse‐width modulation, with fixed switching frequency. Moreover, the proposal was validated through simulation and an experimental platform. The results indicate that the power response follows the reference, besides supplying the internal losses of the converter. The 10% ripple tolerance of the submodule voltages is respected in steady state for both modulation strategies. Moreover, the 5% total demand distortion (TDD) limit recommended by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standard is attended. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the controls employed.
Arthropods and the skin
Authors: Jabin Mohamad , Salem Yousef , Burningham Kevin , Shalabi Mojahed Mohammad K. , Tyring Stephen K. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractArthropods are responsible for most of the animal‐related emergency room visits each year, and nonvenomous arthropods cause the greatest number of animal‐related deaths in the emergency setting. Physicians should recognize the sequela of common and lethal arthropod bites and stings as they can range from asymptomatic or mild pruritus to fatal anaphylactic reactions. This chapter provides an update on recent advancements in the dermatological manifestations, pathophysiology, and management of conditions caused by arthropod bites and stings. Key topics include emerging treatments for pediculosis, characteristic rashes of mosquito‐borne viral diseases, cutaneous lesions in Chagas disease, new Lyme disease vaccine development, topical Spinosad for scabies, and Loxosceles venom composition and early use of antivenom. Recent research reveals progress in understanding arthropod‐related dermatologic diseases but also persistent knowledge gaps in the literature. This focused update delivers a concise overview of current concepts and developments at the intersection of arthropods and dermatology for clinicians.
Incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents under 20 years of age across 55 countries from 2000 to 2022: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Hormazábal‐Aguayo Ignacio , Ezzatvar Yasmin , Huerta‐Uribe Nidia , Ramírez‐Vélez Robinson , Izquierdo Mikel , García‐Hermoso Antonio 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to determine the global incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in children and adolescents under 20 years of age from 2000 to 2022.Materials and MethodsTwo reviewers searched three electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and CINAHL) for studies published between January 2000 and November 2022. Pooled estimates of T1DM incidence with a 95% confidence interval (CI) per 100,000 person‐years were calculated by country/region, sex, age, and COVID‐19 pandemic period (pre‐COVID‐19 and pandemic).ResultsThe study included 126 studies from 55 countries and 18 regions. The incidence rate (IR) of T1DM from 2000 to 2022 was 14.07 (95%CI, 12.15–16.29) per 100,000 person‐years. Finland and high‐income North America had the highest IR, with 56.81 (95%CI, 55.91–57.73) and 28.77 (95%CI, 26.59–31.13) per 100,000 person‐years, respectively. The IR was 13.37 (95%CI, 10.60–16.88) per 100,000 person‐years in boys and 13.87 (95%CI, 11.51–16.70) per 100,000 person‐years in girls. There were statistically significant differences among different age ranges: 0–4 versus 5–9 and 10–14 years old (p < 0.001); 5–9 versus 15–19 (p < 0.001) and 10–14 versus 15–19 years old (p = 0.003). Finally, during the pandemic period (2020–2022), the IR was 24.84 (95%CI, 17.16–35.96) per 100,000 person‐years, which was higher but not significant compared with the prepandemic period (2017–2019) of 13.56 (95%CI, 7.49–24.56) per 100,000 person‐years (p = 0.090).ConclusionsThe IR of T1DM in children and adolescents under 20 years of age is substantial, especially during the pandemic period, although it varies across regions. More reliable data from additional countries are needed to determine the worldwide incidence of T1DM.
Individual growth rates and size at metamorphosis increase with watershed area in a stream salamander
Authors: Cochrane Madaline M. , Addis Brett R. , Swartz Leah K. , Lowe Winsor H. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA fundamental goal of ecology is to understand how the physical environment influences intraspecific variability in life history and, consequently, fitness. In streams, discharge and associated habitat conditions change along a continuum from intermittency to permanence: Headwater streams typically have smaller watersheds and are thus more prone to drying than higher‐order streams with larger watersheds and more consistent discharge. However, few empirical studies have assessed life history and associated population responses to this continuum in aquatic organisms. We tested the prediction that individual growth, rate of development, and population growth increase with watershed area in the long‐lived stream salamander Gyrinophilus porphyriticus, where we use watershed area as a proxy for hydrologic intermittence. To address this hypothesis, we used 8 years of mark–recapture data from 53 reaches across 10 headwater streams in New Hampshire, USA. Individual growth rates and mean size at metamorphosis increased with watershed area for watersheds from 0.12 to 1.66 km2. Population growth rates increased with watershed area; however, this result was not statistically significant at our sample size. Mean age of metamorphosis did not vary across watershed areas. Lower individual growth rates and smaller sizes at metamorphosis likely contributed to reduced lifetime fecundity and population growth in reaches with the smallest watershed areas and highest vulnerability to drought. These responses suggest that as droughts increase due to climate change, headwater specialists in hydrologically intermittent environments will experience a reduction in fitness due to smaller body sizes or other growth‐related mechanisms.
Wood warbler population dynamics in response to mast seeding regimes in Europe
Authors: Maag Nino , Korner‐Nievergelt Fränzi , Szymkowiak Jakub , Hałas Natalia , Maziarz Marta , Neubauer Grzegorz , Luepold Shannon Buckley , Carlotti Sandro , Schaub Michael , Flade Martin , Scherrer Daniel , Grendelmeier Alex , Riess Michael , Stelbrink Pablo , Pasinelli Gilberto 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMast seeding is the episodic, massive production of plant seeds synchronized over large areas. The resulting superabundance of seeds represents a resource pulse that can profoundly affect animal populations across trophic levels. Following years of high seed production, the abundance of both seed consumers and their predators increase. Higher predator abundance leads to increased predation pressure across the trophic web, impacting nonseed consumers such as the wood warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix through increased nest predation after tree mast years. Over the past 30 years, the frequency of tree seed masts has increased, while wood warbler populations have declined in several regions of Europe. We hypothesized that increasing mast frequencies may have contributed to the observed population declines by creating suboptimal breeding conditions in years after masting. We measured reproductive output in four study areas in central Europe, which was between 0.61 and 1.24 fledglings lower in the years following masting than nonmasting. For each study area, we used matrix population models to predict population trends based on the estimated reproductive output and the local mast frequencies. We then compared the predicted with the observed population trends to assess if the frequency of mast years had contributed to the population dynamics. In Wielkopolska National Park (PL) and Hessen (DE), masting occurred on average only every 4 years and populations were stable or nearly so, whereas in Jura (CH) and Białowieża National Park (PL), masting occurred every 2 and 2.5 years, respectively, and populations were declining. The simple matrix population models predicted the relative difference among local population trends over the past 10–20 years well, suggesting that the masting frequency may partly explain regional variation in population trends. Simulations suggest that further increases in mast frequency will lead to further declines in wood warbler populations. We show that changes in a natural process, such as mast seeding, may contribute to the decline in animal populations through cascading effects.
Investigating earthquake legacy effect on hillslope deformation using InSAR‐derived time series
Authors: He Kun , Lombardo Luigi , Chang Ling , Sadhasivam Nitheshnirmal , Hu Xiewen , Fang Zhice , Dahal Ashok , Fadel Islam , Luo Gang , Tanyas Hakan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMountainous landscapes affected by strong earthquakes typically exhibit higher landslide susceptibility in post‐seismic periods compared to pre‐seismic conditions. This concept is referred to as the earthquake legacy effect, which needs to be better understood to develop an accurate post‐seismic landslide hazard assessment. The earthquake legacy effect is mainly assessed by monitoring either rapid landslide occurrences or slow‐moving landslides over time. However, landslide inventories provide discrete information both in spatial and temporal domains, whereas monitoring only selected slow‐moving landslides discards the response of hillslopes exposed to a given earthquake. Therefore, to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the concept, this research focuses on post‐seismic hillslope evolution by examining the deformation time series generated from the Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar technique over the area affected by the 2017 Mw 6.4 Nyingchi earthquake, China. We also analyse factors controlling these InSAR‐derived hillslope deformations. Our results show a high coherence between hydrologic conditions (i.e., precipitation and terrestrial water storage) and surface deformation in pre‐ and post‐seismic periods. The earthquake disturbs this strong correlation for a while (~2 years) right after the seismic tremor, and then, a seasonal deformation pattern depending on hydrologic conditions appears again. Our findings show that the average post‐seismic hillslope deformation is still higher than its pre‐seismic counterpart approximately four and a half years after the earthquake. These findings trigger further research questions regarding whether hillslopes could fully recover after a major earthquake or gain a new level of hillslope susceptibility caused by intense ground shaking.
Secure smart city application using webservice model and mayfly optimization‐based lightweight CNN
Authors: Sheeba Adlin , Rajalakshmi R. , Maheswari B. Uma , Ebenezer A. Shamila 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIoT infrastructures and web services have primarily been deployed in sustainable smart cities and societies. Users are highly attracted to the personalized web services by the IoT infrastructure due to the improved quality of service (QoS) it offers. To acquire service personalization, the complex distribution systems (smart cities) collect users' sensitive data leading to different privacy issues such as unauthorized user access. The heavy security schemes designed for complex architectures cannot be directly implemented in resource‐constrained IoT devices. The existing models designed cannot offer customization to user privacy where the user has little or no control over their data. However, there are other issues in such a system, including centralization, security, privacy, scalability, and communication latency. To overcome these issues, in this paper, we proposed a web service‐based adaptive optimal lightweight CNN (AOLCNN) for a secure smart city. The use of a lightweight convolutional neural network (LCNN) combined with the mayfly optimization (MO) method improves the production process in the smart industry. The MO algorithm not only optimizes the LCNN weights but also enhances the model's performance by selecting the appropriate web service parameters for the user to get rid of irrelevant web services, resulting in increased smart industrial productivity. Blockchain technology is incorporated to enhance the security, privacy, and transparency of IoT systems and also help them to create and verify web services. The built‐in key store system particularly intended for Android smartphones is used in the proposed security‐based web service application. The NIST Curve P‐256 is used to generate key pairs and verify them using the elliptic curve digital signature algorithm (ECDSA). The performance evaluation of the smart web service‐based AOLCNN model in terms of security, privacy, latency, and memory usage shows our proposed model offers significant performance when compared to the conventional techniques. The experimental findings suggest that the AOLCNN satisfies the needs of scalable IoT applications and the security scheme incorporated also helps the device to safeguard it from malicious entities and unauthorized user access.
Simultaneous quantitative and qualitative analysis of three kinds of Jigucao related pharmaceuticals by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography combined with chemometrics method
Authors: Yang Zhuo Ling , Li Ze Ying , Qiu Dian , Li Xin Kang , Feng Na , Li Bao Qiong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAbri Herba (Jigucao) and Abri mollis Herba (Maojigucao) are derived from dried plants ofAbrus cantoniensisHance (Leguminosae) and Abrus mollis without pods. Abri Herba is commonly used in Jigucao tablets; Abri mollis Herba is usually used in Jigucao capsules and FufangJigucao capsules. Surprising, there are few reports focused on the quantitative control of these mentioned Jigucao related pharmaceuticals. This research endeavour has harnessed the formidable power of cutting‐edge ACQUITY UPLC technology to formulate a groundbreaking methodology for the simultaneous quantification of 10 target compounds in Jigucao capsules, Jigucao tablets and FufangJigucao capsules. The primary aim is to bolster quality control and precise identification within the realm of these pharmaceutical products. Separation was performed on an ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 Column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.8 μm), gradient elution was performed with 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile. A column temperature of 40°C acts as our guiding compass, and DAD detection scans the spectral landscape in the wavelength range of 210–400 nm. The concentrations of the 10 target components can be used to identify Jigucao tablets, Jigucao capsules and FufangJigucao capsules through the art of chemometrics. The results showed that the established method for determination of 10 target compounds was accurate and reliable with good linearity (r ≥ .9948) and satisfactory recoveries (82.91%–108.6%). The identification of the three Jigucao related pharmaceuticals can be performed using chemometrics based on the 10 target compounds. Thus, our study not only showcases a pioneering analytical approach but also unveils a new dimension in the identification of these pharmaceutical treasures.
Trauma‐informed care within residential aged care settings: A systematic scoping review
Authors: MacRae Ann , Berkovic Danielle , Ryan Joanne , Hatzikiriakidis Kostas , Ayton Darshini 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe importance of trauma‐informed care (TIC) within residential aged care (RAC) settings has been increasingly recognised. TIC would ensure that older people who have experienced trauma over their lifetime have their needs better understood and accommodated. This scoping review examined the extent to which TIC has been applied within RAC settings.MethodsA scoping review was conducted according to Cochrane recommendations and the PRISMA‐ScR checklist. A systematic search of six databases (Embase, Emcare, CENTRAL, CINAHL, PsychInfo and Medline) was performed in July 2022 and March 2023 and peer‐reviewed primary research, in English and involved RAC staff or residents (aged 65 years and over) providing or receiving TIC were eligible for inclusion. Studies focused on trauma intervention, assessment, screening, or treatment were excluded. Thematic synthesis was performed to extract themes relating to trauma‐informed practice, barriers and enablers to TIC, and outcomes from the application of TIC approaches.ResultsFive articles were included. There was little evidence of the implementation of TIC interventions in RAC settings. Only one study examined the application of a TIC framework in a RAC setting. However, there was some evidence that approaches that consider resident's experience of trauma have emerged from practice experience and been used in RAC as an extension of person‐centred care.ConclusionsWhilst trauma‐informed approaches to resident care are emerging through practice experience, and despite policy recommendations to do so, there is little evidence that formal TIC interventions or frameworks have been applied to RAC internationally. This study highlights a gap in research and practice and makes several recommendations for further research and implementation of TIC in RAC.
Does eating with others promote happiness among older adults living alone? A 3‐year longitudinal study of the Japan gerontological evaluation study
Authors: Wang Hequn , Tsuji Taishi , Ide Kazushige , Nakagomi Atsushi , Ling Ling , Kondo Katsunori 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveLiving a happy life is an essential issue for old adults. However, how eating with others contributes to happiness and whether this association is different by living arrangements or not is unknown. The current study examined the relationship between the frequency of eating with others and happiness among older adults according to their living arrangements using 3‐year longitudinal data.MethodsThe analyzed sample comprised 18,727 people (10,920 males and 7807 females) with low happiness (0–7 points on score of 0–10 points) from Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES) in 2016. Our exposure was the frequency of eating with others: rarely, a few times a year, a few times a month, and a few times a week or more. We performed Modified Poisson Regression to examine the association between the frequency of eating with others and high happiness (8–10 points) in 2019 stratified by living arrangement (living alone/with others).ResultsA total of 4352 (23.2%) people showed high happiness in 2019. After adjusting for age, sex, marital status, education, household income, social participation, illnesses under treatment, and depressive symptoms in 2016, the cumulative incidence ratio (CIR) for high happiness in 2019 among people living alone was more significant, that is, 1.28 (95% confidence intervals: 0.88–1.87), 1.50 (1.05–2.14), and 1.82 (1.26–2.63), than 1.28 (1.11–1.48), 1.30 (1.12–1.50), and 1.33 (1.16–1.52) among people living with others for those who ate with others a few times a year, a few times a month, and a few times a week or more compared to those who rarely ate with others, respectively. The interaction between the frequency of eating with others and living arrangements was statistically significant. The trend test showed that higher frequency of eating with others was significantly associated with high happiness.ConclusionsEating with others was associated with improved happiness among older adults, with such an association being stronger among people living alone.
Effects of glyphosate on earthworms: From fears to facts
Authors: de Lima e Silva Claudia , Pelosi Céline 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Glyphosate is the most widely applied herbicide worldwide, contaminating water, soils, and living organisms. Earthworms are emblematic soil organisms used as indicators of soil quality, but knowledge about the impacts of glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) on these key soil organisms is scattered. Here, we examine this knowledge in detail to answer four questions: (1) Which endpoint is the most sensitive when assessing the effects of glyphosate or GBH in earthworms? (2) Which is most toxic to earthworms: glyphosate or GBH? (3) Are glyphosate and GBH harmful to earthworms when used at the recommended application dose? (4) What are the interactions between glyphosate or GBH and other chemicals in earthworms? The results indicate that a weak legislation led to improper assessment of the ecotoxicity of glyphosate during the last renewal in 2017. Our findings also highlighted that negative effects can occur in earthworms at the recommended application rate, although not after only a single application or when considering only the mortality of adult individuals. However, under more realistic conditions, that is, when assessing sensitive endpoints (e.g., reproduction, growth) and using species present in the field, after several applications per year, the negative effects of glyphosate or GBH on earthworms were observed at the subindividual, individual, population, and community levels, as well as on earthworm-mediated functions. Our recommendations are as follows: (i) competent agencies should collect more information on the toxicity of these compounds to earthworms before the next renewal deadline, with emphasis on the use of the updated legislation on the topic, and (ii) scientists should increase research on the effects of these herbicides on soil invertebrate species, with emphasis on earthworms, using guideline tests and obtain data from long-term field testing. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:1330–1336. © 2023 SETAC
Key Points
A weak legislation led to improper assessment of the ecotoxicity of glyphosate during the last renewal in 2017. Negative effects of glyphosate or glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) on earthworms were observed at the subindividual, individual, population, and community levels, as well as on earthworm-mediated functions. We urgently recommend more research on glyphosate and GBH in the laboratory and in the field, using several applications at the recommended application dose, at time intervals that are normally used by farmers, and in research of more than one year.
Digital divides among microenterprises: Evidence from sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Girollet Damien 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates digital inequalities in usage within African informal sectors. In particular, we examine whether the uneven digital diffusion is embedded in pre‐existing socio‐economic inequalities. After identifying three segments of informal firms, we rely on multivariate and decomposition analyses to identify predictors of usage of digital technologies for business purposes and explain usage gaps between segments. Our findings suggest that digital inequalities are rooted in the vertical heterogeneity of informal sectors, with some firm characteristics significantly predicting professional use of digital technologies. In addition, we find that there are both common and segment‐specific levers for addressing digital inequalities between informal firms.