bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public Support for Tobacco Endgame Policies: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Kim Hana , Gartner Coral , Edwards Richard , Puljević Cheneal , Morphett Kylie , Kim Dong Ha , Chun Hae-Ryoung , Ekdahl Martin , Kang Heewon 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionsAn increasing number of countries are adopting the tobacco endgame goal. High levels of public support can accelerate momentum towards implementing tobacco endgame policies. We aimed to conduct a systematic review on the level of public support for tobacco endgame policies and to examine the geographical distribution of studies, support among key populations (adolescents and young adults, people who smoke), and the association between survey design and support.MethodsWe searched Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for studies published from 2013 onwards. Google was used to search the grey literature. The reference lists of included articles were hand-searched. Studies were included if they reported the proportions of people supporting one or more endgame policies. Risk of bias was assessed using the JBI checklist for prevalence studies.ResultsForty-seven articles were included. New Zealand and the United States were the countries with the most studies (n=11, respectively). Three-level meta-analyses showed the highest support for mandating a very low nicotine content in tobacco products (76%, 95% CI 61–87%). Meta-regressions were performed to assess the associations of population subgroup and survey design with support levels. The level of support was lower among people who smoke compared to the general population (β range: −1.59 to −0.51). Support for some policies was lower whenneutralordon’t knowresponse options were included.ConclusionsPublic support for most tobacco endgame policies was high.ImplicationsAssessing public support can assist with progressing tobacco endgame policies. Policies that are widely supported by the public may be more politically feasible to implement. Qualitative studies and trial studies can further inform communication and implementation strategies for tobacco endgame policies.
Prenatal glycolysis restoration can rescue myocardial hypoplasia caused by platelet isoform of phosphofructokinase 1(PFKP) deficiency
Authors: Zhang Siyao , Sun Hairui , Hao Xiaoyan , Zhi Xu , Liu Ruimin , Yi Tong , Zhang Ye , Gu Xiaoyan , Han Jiancheng , Li Xiaowei , Fan Jiaqi , Yan LiYing , Liu Hankui , Lan Feng , Zhang Hongjia , Qiao Jie , He Yihua 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundCongenital myocardial hypoplasia affects heart function in congenital heart diseases, but its causes and mechanisms are unclear.Methods:Fetuses with myocardial hypoplasia were examined using echocardiography imaging and genetic testing. The identified pathogenic genes were genetically targeted to validate mechanistic findings. We used stem cells and transgenic mice to understand molecular mechanisms and applied Preimplantation Genetic Testing for monogenic defects to obtain healthy offspring. In addition, 1,300 genetic sequencing records were screened to understand the prevalence of the disease and deepen our understanding of myocardial hypoplasia treatment.ResultsThis is the first study to link PFKP pathogenic variant to human myocardial hypoplasia. We found that PFKP deficiency decreased embryonic heart glycolysis, resulting in a thinning myocardial wall and impaired cardiac function, attributable to a decline in cardiomyocyte proliferation. The intrauterine supplement with Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, a direct product of PFKP catalysis, can rescue the main myocardial phenotype of fetal mice. Assisted reproductive technology was used to prevent PFKP pathogenic variant transmission to offspring. Finally, one of the family lines (family 1) obtained a healthy offspring with a normal heart.ConclusionsPFKP plays a key role in regulating glycolysis during embryonic cardiac development. Addressing glycolytic defects is crucial for myocardial hypoplasia. We provide new insights that have implications for genetic interventions, prenatal screening, and targeted intervention strategies.
Association of the rs1042522 SNP with prostate cancer risk: a study of cancer tissues, primary tumor cultures and serum samples from a European Caucasian population
Authors: Toscano-Guerra Emily , Maggio Valentina , García Javier , Semidey Maria Eugenia , Celma Ana , Morote Juan , Torres Inés de , Giralt Marina , Ferrer Roser , Paciucci Rosanna 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTProstate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer in men and the third leading cause of cancer death in Europe. TheTP53gene, the most frequently mutated gene in human cancer, is a tumor suppressor gene with crucial functions in preventing tumor development. The single nucleotide polymorphism rs1042522, characterized by the substitution of a proline (PRO) for an arginine (ARG) at the position 72 of the p53 protein (P72R SNP), was studied in 12 primary tumor cultures from prostate biopsies of untreated hormone-naïve patients (hnPCs) with aggressive-metastatic cancer (Gleason ≥8), 11 radical prostatectomies, and a cohort of 94 serums from patient with aggressive prostate cancer using DNA sequencing and melting curve analysis. The results identified a high frequency of the P72R SNP in prostate cancer samples compared to the general European (non-cancer) population, suggesting a very significant association (p<0.0001) between this SNP and the risk of prostate cancer with an odds ratio of 7.937 (IC 95% 5.37-11.00). The G allele (R72) was more frequent in patients with high Gleason scores (≥8) suggesting its association to more undifferentiated-malignant PCa lesions.
Effectiveness and Safety of Type- and Energy-based Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy in Clinical Practice: Umbrella Review and Evidence Mapping
Authors: Mo Qingcong , Zheng Jialing , Hu Fangfei , Gao Peng , Wu Tong , Wei Simeng , Zhang Jiaqi , Tang Chun-Zhi , Zou Jihua , Zheng Xiaoyan 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe role of distinct type- and energy-based extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) in clinical practice is unclear.ObjectivesTo appraise meta-analytically determined effectiveness and safety of type- and energy-based ESWT for diseases or conditions, and visualize evidence maps of findings.MethodsNine online databases and reference lists were systematically searched for systematic reviews (SRs) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effectiveness or safety of ESWT from inception to September 2023. SRs were then updated if up-to-date RCTs were eligible. Overall effects were re-estimated using random-effects model and reported as relative risk or standardized mean difference with 95% confidence intervals. Methodological quality, certainty of evidence, and safety were assessed with AMSTAR 2, GRADE tool, and MedDRA, respectively.ResultsOur research identified 210 relevant SRs encompassing 636 RCTs and 41649 participants across 7 therapeutic areas and 37 diseases and conditions. Methodological quality of most published SRs was low or critically low. Four treatment statuses of type- and energy-based ESWT were identified, including potential dominant efficacy (plantar fasciitis, erectile dysfunction, lateral epicondylitis, knee osteoarthritis, frozen shoulder, cerebral palsy spasticity, post-stroke lower limb spasticity; GRADE moderate), potential positive efficacy (chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome, myofascial pain syndrome, patellar tendinopathy, achilles tendinopathy, stenosing tenosynovitis, frozen shoulder, rotator cuff tear, cerebral palsy spasticity, post-stroke upper limb spasticity, cervical spondylotic radiculopathy; GRADE low or very low), potential similar efficacy (osteonecrosis of the femoral head, plantar heel pain, patellar tendinopathy; GRADE low or very low), and potential adverse efficacy (patellar tendinopathy; GRADE very low). Along with courses of ESWT treatment, pain, flushing, and swelling were the most prevalent side effects and serious adverse reactions were limited.ConclusionVariable type- and energy-based ESWT is probably effective and safe in clinical practice. Due to lack of available data and high certainty in current evidence, future research should prioritize large-scale and well-designed studies.RegistrationPROSPERO number CRD42023477234
The Prevalence of Imposter Phenomenon in (Post)graduate Medical Education
Authors: Cheung Jessica , Sibbald Matthew , Ruan Brandon , Sherbino Jonathan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPhenomenonImposter phenomenon (IP) is the feeling of inadequacy despite demonstrating external standards of success. Few studies have broadly examined the prevalence of IP in resident-physicians. This study assessed the prevalence of self-reported IP in resident-physicians, exploring the correlation of demographic risk factors and feelings of IP.ApproachAll residents, across all years of training and programs at McMaster University during the 2019-2020 academic year were recruited to complete a self-report survey. Survey items gathered demographic information and measured self-reported feelings of IP and Clance Imposter Phenomenon Scale (CIPS) scores.Findings519 out of 977 (53.1%) individuals completed the survey. Measured by the CIPS, clinically significant IP occurred in 59.2% (n=307) of participants. After completing the CIPS, participants self-reported feelings of low (25.0%, n=130), medium (41.9%, n=218), high (19.0%, n=99), and intense (3.7%, n= 19) IP. 64.9% (n=337) of respondents felt they hid feelings of IP during residency. 62.4% (n=324) of respondents were unaware of resources available to them as they struggled with feelings of IP. Only female gender was associated with IP (p <0.001).InsightsIP is highly prevalent across a broad range of residents, independent of clinical discipline and most demographics. Educators and administrators should attend to IP by normalizing the discussion of IP and ensuring adequate access to resources for support.
Applying Multimodal Data Fusion based on Deep Learning Methods for the Diagnoses of Neglected Tropical Diseases: A Systematic Review
Authors: Minyilu Yohannes , Abebe Mohammed , Meshesha Million 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNeglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are the most prevalent diseases worldwide affecting one-tenth of the world population. Although there are multiple approaches to diagnosing these diseases, using skin manifestations and lesions caused as a result of these diseases along with other medical records is the preferred method. This fact triggers the need to explore and implement a deep learning-based diagnostic model using multimodal data fusion (MMDF) techniques to enhance the diagnostic process. This paper, thus, endeavored to present a thorough systematic review of studies regarding the implementation of MMDF techniques for the diagnoses of skin-related NTDs. To achieve its objective, the study used the PRISMA method based on predefined questions and collected 427 articles from seven major and reputed sources and critically appraised each article. Since no previous studies were found regarding the implementation of MMDF for the diagnoses of skin related NTDs, similar studies using MMDF for the diagnoses of other skin diseases, such as skin cancer, were collected and analyzed in this review to extract information about the implementation of these methods. In doing so, various studies are analyzed using six different parameters including research approaches, disease selected for diagnosis, dataset, algorithms, performance achievements and future directions. Accordingly, although all the studies used diverse research methods and datasets based on their problem, deep learning-based convolutional neural networks (CNN) algorithms are found to be the most frequently used and best performing models in all studies reviewed.
A retrospective investigation of the population structure and geospatial distribution ofSalmonellaParatyphi A in Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Mylona Elli , Duy Pham Thanh , Keane Jacqueline , Dongol Sabina , Basnyat Buddha , Dolecek Christiane , Voong Vinh Phat , Tran Vu Thieu Nga , Nguyen Thi Nguyen To , Karkey Abhilasha , Baker Stephen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSalmonellaParatyphi A, one of the major etiologic agents of enteric fever, has been on the rise over the last decades in certain endemic regions compared toS.Typhi, the most prevalent cause of enteric fever. Despite this, data on the prevalence and molecular epidemiology ofS.Paratyphi A remain scarce. Here, we analysed the whole genome sequences of a total of 216S. Paratyphi A isolates originating in Nepal between 2005 and 2014, of which 200 were from acute patients and 16 from chronic carriers of enteric fever. By using the recently developed genotyping framework forS. Paratyphi A (paratype), we identified several genotypes circulating in Kathmandu. Importantly, we observed an unusual clonal expansion of genotype 2.4.3 over a four-year period that spread geographically and replaced other genotypes. This rapid genotype replacement is hypothesised to have been driven by both reduced sensitivity to fluoroquinolones and genetic changes to virulence factors, such as functional and structural genes of type 3 secretion systems. Finally, we show that person to person is likely the most common mode of transmission and chronic carriers play a limited role in maintaining disease circulation.
The Evolutionary History of Metastatic Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumours Reveals a Therapy Driven Route to High-Grade Transformation
Authors: Backman Samuel , Botling Johan , Nord Helena , Ghosal Suman , Stålberg Peter , Juhlin C. Christofer , Almlöf Jonas , Sundin Anders , Zhang Liang , Moens Lotte , Eriksson Barbro , Welin Staffan , Hellman Per , Skogseid Britt , Pacak Karel , Mollazadegan Kazhan , Åkerström Tobias , Crona Joakim 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTumour evolution with acquisition of more aggressive disease characteristics is a hallmark of disseminated cancer. Metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (PanNETs) in particular, show frequent progression from a low/intermediate to a high-grade disease. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, we performed multi-omics analysis of 32 longitudinal samples from six metastatic PanNET patients. Following MEN1 inactivation, PanNETs exhibit genetic heterogeneity on both spatial and temporal dimensions with parallel and convergent tumuor evolution involving theATRX/DAXXand mTOR pathways. Following alkylating chemotherapy treatment, some PanNETs develop mismatch repair deficiency and acquire a hypermutator phenotype. This DNA hypermutation phenotype was only found in cases that also showed transformation into a high-grade PanNET. Overall, our findings contribute to broaden the understanding of metastatic PanNET, and suggests that therapy driven disease evolution is an important hallmark of this disease.
Biases in the Willingness to Download a mHealth App: A Discrete Choices Experimental Study Among Nigerian Healthcare App Subscribers
Authors: Ogbaga Ignatius Nwoyibe 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundAlthough there has been an increase in the availability of mobile health (mHealth) tools globally and their potential benefits for both healthcare providers and patients, the adoption of mHealth is still relatively low. Additionally, only a limited number of studies have investigated the intention of individuals to download mHealth apps.ObjectiveWe conducted a study to explore people’s inclination towards using a health app.MethodsWe conducted the study in Nigeria using a discrete choice experiment. The study had a sample size of 2800 participants who were presented with two different attributes and levels. These attributes were price ($20 = N 17932.80 [at a currency exchange rate of $1= N896.64], and free subscription option) and data protection (with options of data protection vs no data protection). The participants were randomly assigned to the different attribute and level options. For the analysis, we used the conditional logistic model.ResultsAccording to the results of the study, the likelihood of downloading a mHealth app is significantly higher when the app is offered for free. The study also found that users tend to ignore data protection specifications, and instead prioritize free subscription offers while showing reluctance towards apps that come with a price tag.ConclusionsThe use of mobile health (mHealth) tools has a high potential in reducing healthcare costs and enhancing the efficacy of traditional health interventions and therapies. The major driving forces behind the increasing adoption of mHealth apps in the future are cost reduction and the establishment of sound business models. It is crucial to establish reliable standards for mHealth apps, which can include information about pricing and legislation regarding data protection, to ensure that potential consumers can make informed decisions.
Relationship of subjective and objective cognition with post-stroke mood differs between early and long-term stroke
Authors: Kusec Andrea ,   the OX-CHRONIC Team, Demeyere Nele 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundDepression and anxiety affects 1 in 3 stroke survivors. Performance on standardized objective cognitive tests and self-reported subjective cognitive complaints are associated with concurrent depression and anxiety, but it is unknown whether and how objective and subjective cognition relate to longer-term emotional outcomes.MethodN =99 stroke survivors (Mage = 68.9,SD= 13.1; Median NIHSS = 5) from the OX-CHRONIC cohort completed measures of depression and anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HADS), objective cognition (Oxford Cognitive Screen) and subjective cognitive complaints (Cognitive Failures Questionnaire) at 6-months (Time 1), at ∼4.5 years (Time 2) and ∼5.5 years (Time 3) post-stroke. The contribution of objective and subjective cognition to depression and anxiety was determined via mixed-effects models.ResultsWe found no evidence that age, stroke severity, years of education, and participant sex related to changes in HADS-Depression or HADS-Anxiety scores. Objective cognitive impairments at Time 1 (b =-0.79,p< .05) and increases in subjective cognitive complaints at Time 3 (b =0.77,p <.05) related to increased HADS-Depression scores (Marginal R2= 0.22). Only increases in subjective cognitive complaints at Time 3 (b =0.96,p <.05) related to increased HADS-Anxiety scores (Marginal R2= 0.20). When conducting models in reverse, HADS-Depression and HADS-Anxiety scores did not reciprocally explain changes in subjective cognitive complaints.ConclusionsObjective cognitive abilities are more strongly associated with depression at 6-months post-stroke, while subjective cognitive complaints are more relevant to both long-term post-stroke depression and anxiety.
Human versus Artificial Intelligence: ChatGPT-4 Outperforming Bing, Bard, ChatGPT-3.5, and Humans in Clinical Chemistry Multiple-Choice Questions
Authors: Sallam Malik , Al-Salahat Khaled , Eid Huda , Egger Jan , Puladi Behrus 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe advances in large language models (LLMs) are evolving rapidly. Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots based on LLMs excel in language understanding and generation, with potential utility to transform healthcare education and practice. However, it is important to assess the performance of such AI models in various topics to highlight its strengths and possible limitations. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the performance of ChatGPT (GPT-3.5 and GPT-4), Bing, and Bard compared to human students at a postgraduate master’s (MSc) level in Medical Laboratory Sciences. The study design was based on the METRICS checklist for the design and reporting of AI-based studies in healthcare. The study utilized a dataset of 60 Clinical Chemistry multiple-choice questions (MCQs) initially conceived for assessment of 20 MSc students. The revised Bloom’s taxonomy was used as the framework for classifying the MCQs into four cognitive categories: Remember, Understand, Analyze, and Apply. A modified version of the CLEAR tool was used for assessment of the quality of AI-generated content, with Cohen’s κ for inter-rater agreement. Compared to the mean students’ score which was 40/60 (66.8%), GPT-4 scored 54/60 (90.0%), followed by Bing (46/60, 76.7%), GPT-3.5 (44/60, 73.3%), and Bard (40/60, 66.7%). Statistically significant better performance was noted in lower cognitive domains (Remember and Understand) in GPT-3.5, GPT-4, and Bard. The CLEAR scores indicated that ChatGPT-4 performance was “Excellent” compared to “Above average” performance of ChatGPT-3.5, Bing, and Bard. The findings indicated that ChatGPT-4 excelled in the Clinical Chemistry exam, while ChatGPT-3.5, Bing, and Bard were above-average. Given that the MCQs were directed to postgraduate students with a high degree of specialization, the performance of these AI chatbots was remarkable. Due to the risks of academic dishonesty and possible dependence on these AI models, the appropriateness of MCQs as an assessment tool in higher education should be re-evaluated.
Sex Differences in the Role of Sleep on Cognition in Older Adults
Authors: Wiranto Yumiko , Siengsukon Catherine , Mazzotti Diego R. , Burns Jeffrey M. , Watts Amber 
Published: January 2024

AbstractStudy ObjectivesThe study aimed to investigate sex differences in the relationship between sleep quality (self-report and objective) and cognitive function across three domains (executive function, verbal memory, and attention) in older adults.MethodsWe analyzed cross-sectional data from 207 participants with normal cognition or mild cognitive impairment (89 males and 118 females) aged over 60. The relationship between sleep quality and cognitive performance was estimated using generalized additive models. Objective sleep was measured with the GT9X Link Actigraph, and self-reported sleep was measured with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.ResultsWe found that females exhibited stable performance of executive function with up to about 400 minutes of total sleep time, with significant declines in performance (p= 0.02) when total sleep time was longer. Additionally, a longer total sleep time contributed to lower verbal memory in a slightly non-linear manner (p= 0.03). Higher self-reported sleep complaints were associated with poorer executive function in females with normal cognition (p= 0.02). In males, a positive linear relationship emerged between sleep efficiency and executive function (p= 0.04), while self-reported sleep was not associated with cognitive performance in males with normal cognition.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the relationships between sleep quality and cognition differ between older males and females, with executive function being the most influenced by objective and self-reported sleep. Interventions targeting sleep quality to mitigate cognitive decline in older adults may need to be tailored according to sex, with distinct approaches for males and females.Statement of SignificanceThis research is significant as it addresses the gap in a previously underexplored area of sex differences in the interplay between sleep quality and cognitive function in older populations. By examining both objective and self-reported sleep measures across three cognitive domains, the study provides valuable insights into how sleep impacts various cognitive domains differently in older males and females. Notably, the findings suggest that interventions to improve sleep quality and potentially mitigate cognitive decline may need to be sex-specific.