bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capillary Manganese Halide Needle‐Like Array Scintillator with Isolated Light Crosstalk for Micro‐X‐Ray Imaging
Authors: Shao Wenyi , He Tengyue , Wang Lijie , Wang Jian‐Xin , Zhou Yang , Shao Bingyao , Ugur Esma , Wu Wentao , Zhang Zhenzhong , Liang Hongwei , De Wolf Stefaan , Bakr Osman M. , Mohammed Omar F. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe exacerbation of inherent light scattering with increasing scintillator thickness poses a major challenge for balancing the thickness‐dependent spatial resolution and scintillation brightness in X‐ray imaging scintillators. Herein, a thick pixelated needle‐like array scintillator capable of micrometer resolution is fabricated via waveguide structure engineering. Specifically, this involves integrating a straightforward low‐temperature melting process of manganese halide with an aluminum‐clad capillary template. In this waveguide structure, the oriented scintillation photons propagate along the well‐aligned scintillator and are confined within individual pixels by the aluminum reflective cladding, as substantiated from the comprehensive analysis including laser diffraction experiments. Consequently, thanks to isolated light‐crosstalk channels and robust light output due to increased thickness, ultrahigh spatial resolutions of 60.8 and 51.7 lp mm−1 at a modulation transfer function (MTF) of 0.2 are achieved on 0.5 mm and even 1 mm thick scintillators, respectively, which both exceed the pore diameter of the capillary arrays’ template (Φ = 10 µm). As far as it is known, these micrometer resolutions are among the highest reported metal halide scintillators and are never demonstrated on such thick scintillators. Here an avenue is presented to the demand for thick scintillators in high‐resolution X‐ray imaging across diverse scientific and practical fields.
Dynamic Optical Encryption Fueled via Tunable Mechanical Composite Micrograting Systems
Authors: Xin Yi‐Hang , Hu Kai‐Ming , Yin Hao‐Zhe , Deng Xin‐Lu , Dong Zhi‐Qi , Yan Shu‐Zhen , Jiang Xue‐Song , Meng Guang , Zhang Wen‐Ming 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOptical grating devices based on micro/nanostructured functional surfaces are widely employed to precisely manipulate light propagation, which is significant for information technologies, optical data storage, and light sensors. However, the parameters of rigid periodic structures are difficult to tune after manufacturing, which seriously limits their capacity for in situ light manipulation. Here, a novel anti‐eavesdropping, anti‐damage, and anti‐tamper dynamic optical encryption strategy are reported via tunable mechanical composite wrinkle micrograting encryption systems (MCWGES). By mechanically composing multiple in‐situ tunable ordered wrinkle gratings, the dynamic keys with large space capacity are generated to obtain encrypted diffraction patterns, which can provide a higher level of security for the encrypted systems. Furthermore, a multiple grating cone diffraction model is proposed to reveal the dynamic optical encryption principle of MCWGES. Optical encryption communication using dynamic keys has the effect of preventing eavesdropping, damage, and tampering. This dynamic encryption method based on optical manipulation of wrinkle grating demonstrates the potential applications of micro/nanostructured functional surfaces in the field of information security.
Synthesis of Hierarchical Superhydrophilic/Superhydrophobic Nanostructured Surfaces for Oil/Water Separation
Authors: Kang Seung Min , Kim Kanghyun , Kim Suhyeon , Lee Dong Gyu , An Taechang , Kim Geon Hwee 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSurface wetting, the phenomenon where a liquid spreads or adheres to a solid surface, plays a crucial role in both natural and technological fields. This study focuses on elucidating the relationship between surface properties and wetting behavior, emphasizing the significance of hierarchical structures. A 3D hierarchical structure is created by controlling shape and size through electroplating and chemical reactions, adjusted by current intensity, ammonium persulfate, and ammonium hydroxide concentrations. This modification is achieved by modifying the surface's chemical properties. This control directly impacted the surface wetting properties, providing a means to regulate wetting behavior by altering surface structure. Through control of surface chemistry, a superhydrophilic surface is able to successfully create with a contact angle of 0° and a superhydrophobic surface with a contact angle of 171.3.
Continuous Glycemic Monitoring Enabled by A Wi‐Fi Energy‐Harvesting Wearable Sweat‐Sensing Patch
Authors: Mirlou Fariborz , Abbasiasl Taher , Mirzajani Hadi , Istif Emin , Akhtar Muhammad Junaid , Cakır Cengiz , Beker Levent 
Published: February 2024

AbstractContinuous monitoring of multiple physiological parameters, such as glucose levels, temperature, and heart rate variability (HRV) is crucial for effective diabetes management and mitigating the risks associated with hypoglycemic events. These events often occur without apparent symptoms, posing a challenge for diabetic patients in managing their condition. Therefore, a non‐invasive wearable device capable of continuously measuring multiple body signals to predict hypoglycemic events would be highly beneficial. In this study, a wearable patch that continuously measures glucose, temperature, and HRV is presented. The device uses a novel power harvesting system to convert radiofrequency (RF) signals with the frequency of 2.45 GHz to direct current (DC) signals to extend the battery life for further continuous monitoring. The patch is small and has a conformal structure that can easily fit onto different body parts. The screen‐printed glucose sensor demonstrates a sensitivity of 10.3 nA cm−2 µM−1, a limit of detection (LOD) of 8.9 µM, and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 27 µM. The device employs a photoplethysmography (PPG) module with a peak‐finding algorithm to calculate the HRV values. In vivo experiments demonstrate the validation of the device's proper operation in glucose, HRV, and temperature measurement.
AI‐Assisted Multimodal Breath Sensing System with Semiconductive Polymers for Accurate Monitoring of Ammonia Biomarkers
Authors: Weisbecker Hannah , Shanahan Jordan , Liu Yihan , Zhang Lin , Xie Wanrong , McDow Samuel , Lambert Noah , Huang Amber , Sopp Stephen , You Wei , Bai Wubin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBreath ammonia is an essential biomarker for patients with many chronic illnesses, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), chronic liver disease (CLD), urea cycle disorders (UCD), and hepatic encephalopathy. However, existing breath ammonia sensors fail to compensate for the impact of breath humidity and complex breathing motions associated with a human breath sample. Here, a multimodal breath sensing system is presented that integrates an ammonia sensor based on a thermally cleaved conjugated polymer, a humidity sensor based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and a breath dynamics sensor based on a 3D folded strain‐responsive mesostructure. The miniaturized construction and module‐based configuration offer flexible integration with a broad range of masks. Experimental results present the capabilities of the system in continuously detecting diagnostic ranges of breath ammonia under real, humid breath conditions with sufficient sensing accuracy and selectivity over 3 weeks. A machine‐learning algorithm based on K‐means clustering decodes multimodal signals collected from the breath sensor to differentiate between healthy and diseased breath concentrations of ammonia. The on‐body test highlights the operational simplicity and practicality of the system for noninvasively tracing ammonia biomarkers.
Sequential Deposition Processing to Control Vertical Composition Distribution toward High‐Performance and Stable Inverted Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Qiu Yi , Shi Jingyu , Peng Ruixiang , Li Xiyun , Ge Ziyi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSequential deposition (SD) is widely applied in the fabrication of high‐performance organic solar cells (OSCs). Nevertheless, the feasibility of SD in inverted photovoltaic devices is rarely mentioned. Moreover, the vertical component distribution in SD‐processed devices is still under debate. This study demonstrates that SD can achieve the entire bulk heterojunction morphology by precisely controlling the morphology of the active layer. To further promote photovoltaic performance, two post treatments, thermal annealing (TA) and solvent vapor annealing (SVA), are conducted to compare their effects on SD‐processed inverted photovoltaic devices. The results verify that SD can significantly enhance the thermal stability of devices. This work provides a valuable insight for systematically understanding SD processing and the preparation of stable inverted OSCs with superior performance.
Energy Migration Layer Modulated Lanthanide Luminescent Nanoparticles Toward Multimode Ratio Fluorescence Thermometers
Authors: Sun Renrui , Li Jiwei , Chen Jiabo , Xie Yao , Sun Lining 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFluorescent temperature sensing is considered as a research hotspot in the fields of life sciences and medicine. Despite the existence of numerous materials, the low sensitivity still limits their broader application. Herein, a core‐shell‐shell structure of lanthanide‐doped nanoparticles is designed, which can adjust the energy transfer process by controlling the Yb3+ concentration in the energy migration layer, so as to generate different but regular visible upconversion and near‐infrared downshifting emission modes depending on 808 or 980 nm excitation wavelengths. And the energy migration, cross relaxation, and energy cycling processes involved in energy migration ions are analyzed and summarized. Subsequently, unlike traditional thermal coupled fluorescence thermometers, the visible and near‐infrared emission under different excitations is selected as the fluorescence intensity ratio by combining both thermal quenching and enhancement. Thus, a new type of fluorescence thermometer with deep penetration capability and high sensitivity within the biological temperature range is obtained, which can inspire a new design strategy for the future biosensing field.
Knitting Interconnected Perovskite Grains with A Π‐Conjugated Passivator for Blue Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Liu Lihui , Wang Yun , Liu Chenxi , Chen Jian , Hou Zijie , Liu Xuejing , Cao Kun , Shen Wei , Chen Shufen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMetal halide perovskite light‐emitting diode (PeLED) is the most promising candidate for next‐generation display technology. However, the development of the blue PeLEDs is far behind the expectations. Mixed‐halide perovskites demonstrate to be the most facile method to realize blue emission, which confronts serious spectra stability problem arising from the halide segregation. Here, a polymerizable passivator is introduced into the Cl/Br‐mixed perovskites, which can simultaneously cross‐link perovskite grains by interconnecting halides through hydrogen bonding, and transport the carriers through its π‐conjugated backbone. Consequently, this cross‐linked blue perovskite film demonstrates a significantly improved spectra stability under various external stimuli of high humidity, UV radiation, and electrical field, and the corresponding PeLED yields a decent external quantum efficiency of 12.0% at high brightness of 3390 cd m−2 with the emission at 478 nm. Notably, this work provides a unique cross‐link agent with in situ polymerizability to address the ion migration and phase segregation issues without sacrificing the conducting capacity in mixed‐halide perovskites.
Increasing the Structural Rigidity and Quantum Yield of Highly Emissive Hybrid Antimony Chlorides Using a Diverse Set of Solvent Guests
Authors: Xie Peiran , Wang Pan , Zhou Jiaqian , Guo Zhu , Mao Lingling 
Published: February 2024

Abstract0D organic–inorganic antimony halides have attracted increasing attention due to the non‐toxicity, high stability, and superior photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). Here, a series of hybrid antimony chlorides with the same organic cation ethyltriphenylphosphonium (Ph3EtP+), including non‐emissive (Ph3EtP)2Sb2Cl8 and nine (Ph3EtP)2SbCl5‐based emissive compounds, are synthesized and characterized. These emissive compounds are namely, the guest‐free (Ph3EtP)2SbCl5 and (Ph3EtP)2SbCl5·guest (guest = glycol, acetic acid, methanol, ethanol, n‐propanol, i‐propanol, acetone, and acetonitrile). The solvent used can alter the coordination mode of Sb because the solvation effect affects the reactivity of the anions ([SbCl4]− and Cl−), leading to the formation of either A2Sb2Cl8 or A2SbCl5. The solvents can be even incorporated into the crystal structure, where stronger interaction with [SbCl5]2− leads to higher temperature of the escape of the solvent. The guest molecules could increase the structural rigidity of [SbCl5]2− via hydrogen bonding and dipole–dipole interactions, which tends to reduce the room‐temperature photoluminescence (PL) Stokes shift and temperature‐dependent PL shift by decreasing the [SbCl5]2− deformability, along with enhanced PLQY from 81% in guest‐free to near‐unity in (Ph3EtP)2SbCl5·glycol. This work shows that targeted synthesis and diversified choices of solvents provide an efficient tool to generate steady variations in hybrid emissive materials for optoelectronics.
A surrogate‐based framework for feasibility‐driven optimization of expensive simulations
Authors: Tian Huayu , Ierapetritou Marianthi G. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSurrogate‐based optimization approaches have been widely adopted in industrial problems due to their potential to reduce the number of simulation runs required in the optimization process. The surrogate‐based optimization framework has been extended to feasibility analysis in pharmaceutical manufacturing to characterize the design space. Most surrogate‐based approaches for feasibility analysis are limited to the construction of a regression model for the feasibility function. In this work, we developed a framework with the feasibility problem considered as a classification problem, and additional stages introduced to improve local exploitation and global exploration. We illustrate the efficiency of the proposed framework on three test problems and implement it in a realistic case study describing the production of solid‐based drugs using wet granulation, aimed to reduce the operation cost, improve product quality, and increase process flexibility and robustness.
Coral‐tentacle‐inspired antifouling membrane spacer: A natural solution for biofouling prevention
Authors: Huang Jiachen , Lu Xiaotian , Chen Guoqiang , Wan Yinhua , Luo Jianquan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFouling of membrane spacers leads to increased pressure drop and reduced lifespan of membrane modules. Cleaning these fouled spacers is challenging due to strong foulant‐membrane spacer interactions. To address this issue, we introduce a novel spacer, PP‐N‐F, inspired by coral's antifouling properties. This spacer features on‐demand antifouling capabilities through a sequential growth process of functional polymer brushes on its surface. It not only possesses lower surface free energy characteristics than polypropylene spacers, but also exhibits controllable morphological changes similar to swaying coral tentacles. Temperature control strengthens the interfacial hydration layer, mitigating the trade‐off between anti‐adsorption and hydrophobicity of fluorinated surface. The temperature‐responsive surface changes enhance foulant desorption efficiency. Compared to a commercial spacer, PP‐N‐F shows an 89.3% reduction in foulant adsorption and a 61.7% decrease in pressure drop increment after 48 h cross‐flow filtration experiments. This work provides valuable insights for advanced anti‐fouling membrane module design.
RMRP‐related short stature: A report of six additional Japanese individuals with cartilage hair hypoplasia and literature review
Authors: Uchida Noboru , Ishii Tomohiro , Nishimura Gen , Sato Takeshi , Kuratsuji Gen , Nagasaki Keisuke , Hosokawa Yuki , Adachi Eriko , Takasawa Kei , Kashimada Kenichi , Tsujioka Yuko , Hasegawa Tomonobu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBiallelic pathogenic variants in RMRP, the gene encoding the RNA component of RNase mitochondrial RNA processing enzyme complex, have been reported in individuals with cartilage hair hypoplasia (CHH). CHH is prevalent in Finnish and Amish populations due to a founder pathogenic variant, n.71A > G. Based on the manifestations in the Finnish and Amish individuals, the hallmarks of CHH are prenatal‐onset growth failure, metaphyseal dysplasia, hair hypoplasia, immunodeficiency, and other extraskeletal manifestations. Herein, we report six Japanese individuals with CHH from four families. All probands presented with moderate short stature with mild metaphyseal dysplasia or brachydactyly. One of them had hair hypoplasia and the other immunodeficiency. By contrast, the affected siblings of two families showed only mild short stature. We also reviewed all previously reported 13 Japanese individuals. No n.71A > G allele was detected. The proportions of Japanese versus Finnish individuals were 0% versus 70% for birth length < −2.0 SD, 84% versus 100% for metaphyseal dysplasia and 26% versus 88% for hair hypoplasia. Milder manifestations in the Japanese individuals may be related to the difference of genotypes. The mildest form of CHH phenotypes is mild short stature without overt skeletal alteration or extraskeletal manifestation and can be termed “RMRP‐related short stature”.
Pied tamarins change their vocal behavior in response to noise levels in the largest city in the Amazon
Authors: Sobroza Tainara Venturini , Gordo Marcelo , Dunn Jacob C. , Pequeno Pedro Aurélio Costa Lima , Naissinger Bruna Mendel , Barnett Adrian Paul Ashton 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMany animal species depend on sound to communicate with conspecifics. However, human‐generated (anthropogenic) noise may mask acoustic signals and so disrupt behavior. Animals may use various strategies to circumvent this, including shifts in the timing of vocal activity and changes to the acoustic parameters of their calls. We tested whether pied tamarins (Saguinus bicolor) adjust their vocal behavior in response to city noise. We predicted that both the probability of occurrence and the number of long calls would increase in response to anthropogenic noise and that pied tamarins would temporally shift their vocal activity to avoid noisier periods. At a finer scale, we anticipated that the temporal parameters of tamarin calls (e.g., call duration and syllable repetition rate) would increase with noise amplitude. We collected information on the acoustic environment and the emission of long calls in nine wild pied tamarin groups in Manaus, Brazil. We found that the probability of long‐call occurrence increased with higher levels of anthropogenic noise, though the number of long calls did not. The number of long calls was related to the time of day and the distance from home range borders—a proxy for the distance to neighboring groups. Neither long‐call occurrence nor call rate was related to noise levels at different times of day. We found that pied tamarins decreased their syllable repetition rate in response to anthropogenic noise. Long calls are important for group cohesion and intergroup communication. Thus, it is possible that the tamarins emit one long call with lower syllable repetition, which might facilitate signal reception. The occurrence and quantity of pied tamarin' long calls, as well as their acoustic proprieties, seem to be governed by anthropogenic noise, time of the day, and social mechanisms such as proximity to neighboring groups.
Multifunctional Trifluoroborate Additive for Simultaneous Carrier Dynamics Governance and Defects Passivation to Boost Efficiency and Stability of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Li Jun , Xie Lisha , Liu Guanhao , Pu Zhenwei , Tong Xinyu , Yang Shuncheng , Yang Mengjin , Liu Jian , Chen Jiujiang , Meng Yuanyuan , Wang Ying , Wang Tao , Ge Ziyi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe main obstacles to promoting the commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) include their record power conversion efficiency (PCE), which still remains below the Shockley–Queisser limit, and poor long‐term stability, attributable to crystallographic defects in perovskite films and open‐circuit voltage (Voc) loss in devices. In this study, potassium (4‐tert‐butoxycarbonylpiperazin‐1‐yl) methyl trifluoroborate (PTFBK) was employed as a multifunctional additive to target and modulate bulk perovskite defects and carrier dynamics of PSCs. Apart from simultaneously passivating anionic and cationic defects, PTFBK could also optimize the energy‐level alignment of devices and weaken the interaction between carriers and longitudinal optical phonons, resulting in a carrier lifetime of greater than 3 μs. Furthermore, it inhibited non‐radiative recombination and improved the crystallization capacity in the target perovskite film. Hence, the target rigid and flexible p‐i‐n PSCs yielded champion PCEs of 24.99 % and 23.48 %, respectively. More importantly, due to hydrogen bonding between formamidinium and fluorine, the target devices exhibited remarkable thermal, humidity, and operational tracking at maximum power point stabilities. The reduced Young's modulus and residual stress in the perovskite layer also provided excellent bending stability for flexible target devices.
Reduction of Superoxide Radical Intermediate by Polydopamine for Efficient Hydrogen Peroxide Photosynthesis
Authors: Deng Yihan , Liu Wei , Xu Run , Gao Rong , Huang Niu , Zheng Yong , Huang Yingping , Li Hao , Kong Xin Ying , Ye Liqun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe synthesis of hydrogen peroxide through artificial photosynthesis is a green and promising technology with advantages in sustainability, economy and safety. However, superoxide radical (⋅O2−), an important intermediate in photocatalytic oxygen reduction to H2O2 production, has strong oxidizing properties that potentially destabilize the catalyst. Therefore, avoiding the accumulation of ⋅O2− for its rapid conversion to H2O2 is of paramount significance in improving catalyst stability and H2O2 yield. In this work, a strategy was developed to utilize protonated groups for the rapid depletion of converted ⋅O2−, thereby the efficiency of photocatalytic synthesis of H2O2 from CN was successfully enhanced by 47‐fold. The experimental findings demonstrated that polydopamine not only improved carrier separation efficiency, and more importantly, provided the adsorption reduction active site for ⋅O2− for efficient H2O2 production. This work offers a versatile approach for synthesizing efficient and stable photocatalysts.
Flexible Organic Chiral Crystals with Thermal and Excitation Modulation of the Emission for Information Transmission, Writing, and Storage
Authors: Pan Xiuhong , Lan Linfeng , Li Liang , Naumov Panče , Zhang Hongyu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOrganic single crystals quickly emerge as dense yet light and nearly defect‐free media for emissive elements. Integration of functionalities and control over the emissive properties is currently being explored for a wide range of these materials to benchmark their performance against organic emissive materials diluted in powders or films. Here, we report mechanically flexible emissive chiral organic crystals capable of an unprecedented combination of fast, reversible, and low‐fatigue responses. UV‐excited single crystals of both enantiomers of the material, 4‐chloro‐2‐(((1‐phenylidene)imino)methyl)phenol, exhibit a drastic yet reversible change in the emission color from green to orange‐yellow within a second and can be cycled at least 2000 times. The photoresponse was found to depend strongly on the excitation intensity and temperature. Combining chirality, mechanical compliance, rapid emission switching, multiple responses, and writability by UV light, this material provides a unique and versatile platform for developing organic crystal‐based materials for on‐demand signal transfer, information storage, and cryptography.