bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CGS‐Net: A classification‐guided framework for automated infection segmentation of COVID‐19 from CT images
Authors: Zhou Wen , Wang Jihong , Wang Yuhang , Liu Zijie , Yang Chen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAutomated segmentation of lung lesions in CT images of COVID‐19 based on deep learning holds great potential for comprehending the advancement of the disease and establishing suitable treatment approaches. However, the complex background, indistinct boundaries, varying sizes and distributions of infected regions, and high similarity to other lung diseases pose substantial challenges. To address these issues, we propose a joint deep learning‐based framework, named Classification‐Guided Segmentation Network (CGS‐Net), for COVID‐19 segmentation. The framework comprises a classification and a segmentation sub‐network, which are trained sequentially. Initially, the classification sub‐network learns the feature information of COVID‐19 and other pneumonia classifications. Subsequently, the trained classification sub‐network assists in the training of the segmentation sub‐network. In addition, several key modules are employed to construct the network, including the Multi‐scale Feature Mapping Module (MSFM), the Context Information Module (Context), and the Axial Attention Fusion Module (AAFM). The MSFM employs dilated convolutions to extract multi‐scale features with an emphasis on spatial and channel information. The Context combines strip pooling and average pooling to aggregate contextual and global information. Finally, the AAFM is employed to incorporate contextual information through an axial attention mechanism. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms competing approaches in the segmentation task.
Binary endogenous treatment in stochastic frontier models with an application to soil conservation in El Salvador
Authors: Centorrino Samuele , Pérez‐Urdiales María , Bravo‐Ureta Boris , Wall Alan 
Published: January 2024

SummaryNumerous programs exist to promote productivity, alleviate poverty, and enhance food security in developing countries. Stochastic frontier analysis can be helpful to assess their effectiveness. However, challenges can arise when accounting for treatment endogeneity, often intrinsic to these interventions. We study maximum likelihood estimation of stochastic frontier models when both the frontier and inefficiency depend on a potentially endogenous binary treatment. We use instrumental variables to define an assignment mechanism and explicitly model the density of the first and second‐stage error terms. We provide empirical evidence using data from a soil conservation program in El Salvador.
Label‐free assessment of pathological changes in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia by biomedical multiphoton microscopy
Authors: Miao Jikui , Zhang Zheng , Zhang Xiong , Huang Xingxin , Zhang Shichao , Zhan Zhenlin , Chen Jianxin , Chen Linying , Li Lianhuang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) is the most common precursor lesion that has the potential to progress to invasive pancreatic cancer, and early and rapid detection may offer patients a chance for treatment before the development of invasive carcinoma. Therefore, the identification of PanIN holds significant clinical importance. In this study, we first used multiphoton microscopy (MPM) combining two‐photon excitation fluorescence and second‐harmonic generation imaging to label‐free detect PanIN and attempted to differentiate between normal pancreatic ducts and different grades of PanIN. Then, we also developed an automatic image processing strategy to extract eight morphological features of collagen fibers from MPM images to quantify the changes in collagen fibers surrounding the ducts. Experimental results demonstrate that the combination of MPM and quantitative information can accurately identify normal pancreatic ducts and different grades of PanIN. This study may contribute to the rapid diagnosis of pancreatic diseases and may lay the foundation for further clinical application of MPM.
Bacterial cellulose as a promising material for pulmonary valve prostheses: In vivo study in a sheep model
Authors: Siondalski Piotr , Kołaczkowska Magdalena , Bieńkowski Michał , Pęksa Rafał , Kowalik Maciej M. , Dawidowska Kinga , Vandendriessche Katrien , Meuris Bart 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectivesCurrently, no consensus exists regarding the most durable prosthesis for pulmonary valve replacement. Bacterial cellulose is a resistant, nonbiodegradable, nonpyrogenic bioimplant with low hemolysis and clotting properties. We hypothesized that bacterial cellulose heart valve prostheses could be an attractive alternative for pulmonary valve replacement.MethodsWe conducted a large animal model experiment in three adult sheep. The animals underwent open‐heart surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass for bacterial cellulose conduit implantation in the pulmonary position. The sheep were followed for seven months, and clinical and laboratory parameters were analyzed. Echocardiographic evaluations were performed at 3 and 7 months. After seven months, the sheep were sacrificed and an autopsy was performed. The explanted conduits were radiologically and histopathologically analyzed.ResultsAll sheep survived the operation, showing good recovery and normal health status; no adverse events were noted during the 7‐month postoperative follow‐up. Interval laboratory findings were normal with no signs of hemolysis or infection. Echocardiographic analysis after 7 months revealed a normal mean pressure gradient with excellent cusp motion and coaptation; a trace of regurgitation was found in two sheep. X‐ray analysis of the explanted conduits revealed no structural defects in the leaflets with minimal calcification. Histological examination showed slight thickening of the conduit by pannus formation. No material failure, no calcification inside the material, and only minor calcification extrinsic to the matrix were observed.ConclusionsThis pilot study provides evidence that bacterial cellulose may be suitable for pulmonary valve prostheses and surgical pulmonary artery plasty. Further studies on the high pressure side of the left heart are needed.
Unraveling the effect of aromaticity for the dynamics of excited states of single benzene fluorophores
Authors: Filatov Michael , Mironov Vladimir , Kraka Elfi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe photophysical properties of a series of recently synthesized single benzene fluorophores were investigated using ensemble density functional theory calculations. The energetic stability of the ground and excited state species were counterposed against the aromaticity index derived from local vibrational modes. It was found that the large Stokes shift of the fluorophores (up to ca. 5800 cm) originates from the effect of electron donating and electron withdrawing substituents rather than ‐delocalization and related (anti‐)aromaticity. On the basis of nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations, the absence of fluorescence from one of the regioisomers was explained by the occurrence of easily accessible S/S conical intersections below the vertical excitation energy level. It is demonstrated in the manuscript that the analysis of local mode force constants and the related aromaticity index represent a useful tool for the characterization of ‐delocalization effects in ‐conjugated compounds.
A customized table‐top aging simulation exercise to augment gerodontology teaching
Authors: Lee Gabriel Keng Yan , Tada Sayaka , Wong Mun Loke 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWhile aging simulation suits have been used in healthcare education to promote empathy for older adults, little has been published on learning outcomes specific to geriatric dental patients. We designed a seminar utilising a customised ageing simulation suit to help dental students empathise with several disabilties their older adult patients may face.
An actively stabilized, miniaturized epi‐fluorescence widefield microscope for real‐time observation in vivo
Authors: Nuerbahati Ayiben , Liao Jiasheng , Lyu Jing , Abduwali Serk , Chiang Li‐Yang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRecent developments in real‐time, in vivo micro‐imaging have allowed for the visualization of tissue pathological changes, facilitating rapid diagnosis. However, miniaturization, magnification, the field of view, and in vivo image stabilization remain challenging factors to reconcile. A key issue for this technology is ensuring it is user friendly for surgeons, enabling them to use the device manually and obtain instantaneous information necessary for surgical decision‐making. This descriptive study introduces a handheld, actively stabilized, miniaturized epi‐fluorescence widefield microscope (MEW‐M) for real‐time observation in vivo with high resolution. The methodology of MEW‐M system includes high resolution microscopy miniaturization technology, thousandfold shaking suppression (actively stabilized), ultra‐photosensitivity, and tailored image signal processing cell image capture and processing technology, which support for the excellent real‐time imaging performance of MEW‐M system in brain, mammary, liver, lung, and kidney tissue imaging of rats in vivo. With a single‐objective and high‐frame‐rate imaging, the MEW‐M system facilitates roving image acquisition, enabling contiguous analysis of large tissue areas.Research HighlightsA handheld, actively stabilized MEW‐M system was introduced.Excellent real‐time, in vivo imaging with high resolution and active stabilization in brain, mammary, liver, lung, and kidney tissue of rats.
Decadal variability of precipitation and moisture source attribution over India
Authors: Vishwakarma Vijay , Pattnaik Sandeep , Baisya Himadri 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe seasonal variability of precipitation has a profound impact on water demand for India's agricultural and socio‐economic sectors which are associated with continental and surrounding oceanic moisture sources controlled by dynamic and thermodynamic processes. In this study, moisture sources have been tracked by the Lagrangian trajectory approach over four homogeneous regions: Northwest India (NWI), Central India (CEI), Northeast India (NEI) and South Peninsular India (SPI). ERA‐Interim reanalysis data are used throughout the study for three decades from 1989 to 2018. The results indicate that the multidecadal variability of precipitation has strengthened towards the mid‐decade (1999–2008), mainly attributable to moisture source transport from the Arabian Sea. These enhancement patterns of moisture sources have been widespread over Central India for all three decades. Moisture availability in the boundary layer highly affects the precipitation and it is found that 80% of the moisture above the boundary layer contributes >10% of monsoonal precipitation occurrences. Further, the NEI drying trend in monsoonal rainfall is found to be related to the consequent weakening of the land–ocean temperature gradient (LOTG) during all three decades in this region and the absence of low cloud cover over the region throughout the study period. In addition, the moisture sources are regulated by prevailing large‐scale features such as frequency of La Niña, northward shifting of low‐level jet and strengthening of Hadley cell.
Effects of soil physicochemical environment on the plasticity of root growth and land productivity in maize soybean relay strip intercropping system
Authors: Peng Xinyue , Ren Junbo , Chen Ping , Yang Lida , Luo Kai , Yuan Xiaoting , Lin Ping , Fu Zhidan , Li Yiling , Li Yuze , Yang Wenyu , Yong Taiwen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDSoil is a key foundation of crop root growth. There are interactions between root system and soil in multiple ways. The present study aimed to further explore the response of root distribution and morphology to soil physical and chemical environment under maize (Zea mays L.) soybean (Glycine Max L. Merr.) relay strip intercropping (MS) An experiment was carried out aiming to examine the effects of nitrogen (N) applications and interspecific distances on root system and soil environment in MS. The two N application levels, referred to as no N application (NN) and conventional N application (CN), were paired with different interspecific distances: 30, 45 and 60 cm (MS30, MS45 and MS60) and 100 cm of monoculture maize and soybean (MM/SS100).RESULTSThe results demonstrated that MS45 increased the distribution of soil aggregates (> 2 mm) near the crop roots and maize soil nutrients status, which increased by 20.3% and 15.6%. Meanwhile, MS reduced soil bulk density, increased soil porosity and improved soil oxygen content. Optimization of the soil environment facilitated root growth. The MS45 achieved a better result on root distribution and morphology than the other configuration and also increased land productivity.CONCLUSIONRelay intercropped soybean with maize in interspecific row spacing of 45 cm, improved soil physicochemical environment, reshaped root architecture and optimized root spatial distribution of crops to achieve greater land productivity. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Broadband low radar cross section antennas based on H‐shaped metasurface
Authors: Yang Huanhuan , Li Tong , Gao Kun , Guo Zexu , Li Qi , Li Sijia , Cao Xiangyu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a novel metasurface antenna element and a novel metasurface antenna array, both of which have broadband low radar cross section (RCS) performance. The antenna element is constructed by two kinds of H‐shaped metasurface unit cells. One kind of H‐shaped metasurface unit cells is properly fed to radiate, and the other unit cells are used to cancel the scattering field from the former. Thus, an integration of metasurface and antenna is performed and broadband low RCS is obtained. Furthermore, a H‐shaped metasurface antenna array is also proposed by deliberately introducing metallic vias for isolation. Both the proposed antenna element and the array have almost the same radiation performance with conventional patch antennas. Numerical calculations and experimental measurements are conducted. The results verify the effectiveness of the proposed novel antennas.
Equivalent source of reflector in finite‐different time‐domain for rapid analysis of corner scattering in terahertz computed tomography imaging
Authors: Feng Tianqi , Cha Xingzeng , Shi Yu , Li En , Yu Chengyong , Zhang Yunpeng , Gao Chong , Gao Yong , Lai Dakun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe propose the equivalent source of reflector in finite‐different time‐domain (ESR‐FDTD) for rapid analysis of corner scattering in terahertz computed tomography (THz‐CT) imaging. The ESR‐FDTD is used instead of the reflector in the THz‐CT imaging system, which can significantly reduce the computational domain of the THz‐CT imaging system and effectively reduce the computational time and memory usage. The electric field distribution of the beam reflected by the reflector and that of the beam radiated from the ESR of the reflector are compared, and the results show that the electric field distributions of the reflector and its ESR are almost the same. The results of the corner scattering show that the phenomenon of corner scattering does not fully satisfy the behaviors of reflection and refraction. Therefore, the corner scattering cannot be accurately analyzed by the ray‐tracing method.
Using generative model for intelligent design of dielectric resonator antennas
Authors: Liu Mingdian , Zhang Hui , Song Jiming , Lu Meng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn the advancing field of 5G technologies, particularly at the 60 GHz band, dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs) stand out for their low conduction loss and high radiation efficiency. However, the traditional design process for DRAs, predominantly reliant on intuitive reasoning and trial‐and‐error methods, is notably inefficient and resource‐intensive. Addressing this critical challenge, our research introduces a pioneering approach: a generative adversarial network (GAN)‐based model specifically tailored for automating DRA structure design. This novel model represents the first of its kind in the domain, marking a significant departure from conventional methods. Our GAN model uniquely integrates a simulator for DRA modeling and a generator for DRA structure design, streamlining the design process. To effectively train this model, we created a simulated data set comprising pattern–annotation pairs of geometric shapes and S11 parameters. This data set enabled the GAN to capture the intrinsic principles underlying DRA design. The practical impact of our model is profound; it significantly expedites the DRA design process, aligning it more closely with specific user requirements while conserving valuable time and resources. This breakthrough approach not only enhances the efficiency of DRA design but also sets a new standard in antenna technology development for future wireless communications.
Substrate integrated waveguide cavity‐backed slot antenna with low cross‐polarization over the full bandwidth
Authors: Kumar Arvind 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHere, a single‐layered single‐fed slot antenna is realized with low cross‐polarization over the full operating bandwidth. This design consists of a circular‐shaped cavity resonator, employed by using substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technique and a square‐ring slot on the upper metal cladding of the cavity. The antenna is fed using a probe feed which excites the design in dual mode, that is, slot mode and inset patch mode. Due to the proximity of these dual resonances, the antenna operates over a relatively wider bandwidth than previously suggested designs with the claim of low cross‐polarization. The proposed design helps to realize more than 35 dB of co‐to cross‐pol isolation in both E and H planes. Overall experimental results demonstrate a good radiation performance, it is confirming up to 15–20 dB improvement in cross‐polarization level with enhanced enhancement bandwidth which makes it appropriate for a modern wireless application.
Tobacco and alcohol co‐use: Lifestyle and sociodemographic factors, and personality aspects as potential predictors in the “Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra” cohort
Authors: Neddermann‐Carrillo Sofía , Abidi Latifa , Gea Alfredo , Bes‐Rastrollo Maira , de la Fuente‐Arrillaga Carmen , Lahortiga‐Ramos Francisca , Martínez‐González Miguel Ángel , Pardavila‐Belio Miren Idoia , Ruiz‐Canela Miguel 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTobacco and alcohol co‐use are two major lifestyle modifiable risk factors. Understanding the determinants of both behaviors helps to develop interventions to prevent these exposures. However, previous studies have focused on predictors of individual tobacco or alcohol use. This study aims to explore the potential predictors of tobacco and alcohol co‐use among Spanish university graduates from the “Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra” (SUN) cohort study. A total of 7175 participants who were co‐users of tobacco and alcohol were selected for this cross‐sectional analysis. Their mean age was 39.1 years (12.04 SD) and 57.3% were women. Univariate regression models were used to select the potential predictors of tobacco and alcohol co‐use, and the areas under the ROC curves (AUC) were calculated. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to create a predictive model. Baseline potential predictors included sociodemographic factors, lifestyle habits, and perceived personality aspects. In the multivariable model, the main significant potential predictors of tobacco and alcohol co‐use were driving under the influence of alcohol (odds ratio [OR] = 1.65 [1.43–1.90]), drinking 1–2 cups of coffee daily (OR = 1.50 [1.24–1.84]), drinking three or more cups of coffee daily (OR = 1.61 [1.35–1.91]), and doing more physical activity than recommended (OR = 1.18 [1.02–1.34]) when compared with the reference group. Conversely, those who were married (OR = 0.87 [0.75–0.99], ate at home 7 days a week (OR = 0.69 [0.60–0.80]), or had a high perceived level of competitiveness (OR = 0.83 [0.72–0.95]) had a lower risk of co‐use (AUC 0.61 [confidence interval 95% 0.59–0.63]), compared to the reference group. These results could be used by healthcare professionals, especially nurses, to effectively assess patients at higher risk of tobacco and alcohol co‐use. [Correction added on 16 February 2024, after first online publication: The abstract section has been revised to provide more clarity in this version.]
A latent profile analysis of psychological resilience associated with work fatigue among Chinese nurses
Authors: Xu Dingxin , Zhang Na , Bu Xing , Xu Zhen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNurses' psychological resilience has been studied using a variable‐centered rather than a person‐centered approach, impeding a comprehensive understanding of the holistic expression of these different forms of psychological resilience. This study aimed to examine the characteristics of psychological resilience in a sample of Chinese nurses during COVID‐19 using latent profile analysis (LPA) and the relationships between these unique profiles and nurses' work fatigue. A total of 471 Chinese nurses were recruited from three hospitals in Hebei Province between June and July 2020. The participant samples were investigated with the psychological resilience scale and the work fatigue inventory. LPA showed that a three‐profile model of psychological resilience best fit this study. The resulting profiles were low psychological resilience, medium psychological resilience, and high psychological resilience. Notably, there were significant differences in nurses' work fatigue among different profiles of psychological resilience. The study provided a new view of nurses' psychological resilience, which may be used to effectively reduce nurses' work fatigue and evaluate nursing work status comprehensively.