bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FTR‐Bench: Benchmarking Deep Reinforcement Learning for Flipper‐Track Robot Control
Authors: Zhang Hongchuan , Ren Junkai , Xiao Junhao , Pan Hainan , Lu Huimin , Xu Xin 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTTracked robots equipped with flippers and sensors are extensively employed in outdoor search and rescue scenarios. However, achieving precise motion control on complex terrains remains a significant challenge, often necessitating expert teleoperation. This stems from the high degree of robot joint freedom and the need for precise flipper coordination based on terrain roughness. To address this problem, we propose Flipper‐
Track
Robot
Bench mark (FTR‐Bench), a simulator featuring flipper‐track robots tasked with crossing various obstacles using reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms. The primary objective is to enable autonomous locomotion in environments that are too remote or hazardous for humans, such as disaster zones or planetary surfaces. Built on Isaac Lab, FTR‐Bench achieves efficient RL training at over 4000 FPS on an RTX 3070 GPU. Additionally, it integrates RL algorithms with OpenAI Gym interface specifications, enabling fast secondary development and verification. On this basis, FTR‐Bench provides a series of standardized RL‐based benchmarking experiments baselines for obstacle‐crossing tasks, providing a solid foundation for subsequent algorithm design and performance comparison. Experimental results empirically indicate that SAC algorithms performs relatively well in single and mixed terrain traversal, but most algorithms struggle with multi‐terrain traversal skills, which calls the RL community for more substantial development. Our project is open‐source at https://github.com/nubot-nudt/FTR-Benchmark.
Asymmetric optical waveguide in one‐dimensional organic microplate
Authors: Yuan Ziyi , Cheng Xiu‐Fen , Li Zejian , Li Yan , He Chenlu 
Published: February 2025

AbstractChiral organic materials have garnered significant interest in nanophononics due to their ability to manipulate polarized light and encode optical information. Herein, chiral one‐dimensional (1D) organic microplates based on benzocyclazine form homochiral crystals that exhibit excellent optical waveguiding properties. These microplates exhibited highly asymmetric light propagation that depends on the handedness of circularly polarized light (CPL). These homochiral microplates demonstrated selective transmission, with R‐microplate favouring left‐handed CPL and S‐microplate favouring right‐handed CPL, showcasing distinct optical loss coefficients for each enantiomer. Multichannel light propagation was observed, where the intensity varied based on the excitation position. These results highlight the potential of 1D chiral microplates for advanced nanophotonic devices, offering chiral‐dependent control over light transmission for future applications in optical information processing.
Sonochemical Synthesis of Schiff Base of Substituted Benzoxazolone: A Quantum Chemical, Antibacterial Evaluation and Molecular Docking Study
Authors: Sundari A. C. Maria , Jha Anjali 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe derivatives of benzoxazolone (BOA) have attracted a lot of interest because of their diverse pharmacological potential as therapeutic agents. In this work, we report an environmentally friendly synthetic method based on ultrasonication(US) as well as conventional method to prepare new BOA derivatives (M1–M4). Furthermore, the BOA derivatives were reacted with p‐nitro, p‐chloro, and p‐hydroxy anilines to get Schiff bases compounds (M5–M16). The results demonstrated that, in comparison to traditional approaches, the ultrasonication method had higher reaction kinetics and energy efficiency. Additionally, quantum chemical calculations and molecular docking studies were performed to understand the reaction mechanisms and evaluate the antibacterial potential of the synthesized compounds. The presence of electron‐withdrawing group at the para position of substituted anilines follows the trend ─NO2 > ─Cl > ─OH, leading to higher formation energies of the corresponding products as reflected in the progression of the reactions in the mechanistic studies. Further, the presence of a methyl group in benzoxazolone (BOA) enhances the binding interaction affinity with Escherichia coli, however on the basis of docking scores of nitro group containing (M5, M8, M11, and M14) compounds exhibited stronger interactions with the protein of E. coli, compared to the chlorine and hydroxyl groups. The docking results were also found consistent with in vitro results.
Recent Advances in Functionalization of Graphene Oxide and Its Role in Catalytic Organic Transformations: A Comprehensive Review (2018–2024)
Authors: Anjali  , Mishra Anupam , Khurana Mehak , Pani Balaram , Awasthi Satish K. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractHeterogeneous catalysis has become a key methodology for the sustainable synthesis of organic reactions and heterocyclic compounds. Among various catalysts, graphene oxide (GO) and its functionalized graphene oxide derivatives (fGO) stand out due to their high surface area, mechanical strength, and tunable electronic properties. This review provides a detailed overview of the role of GO in catalysis, emphasizing its structural features, functionalization strategies, and catalytic applications. Specific reactions such as oxidation, reduction, esterification, and heterocyclic synthesis are discussed, with a focus on the superior performance of functionalized graphene oxide (fGO). Challenges like stability and aggregation are explored, alongside potential solutions through chemical, thermal, and electrochemical functionalization. The review also examines future directions, highlighting graphene oxide (GO's) versatility and emerging applications in energy storage, sensors, and biomedical devices. By summarizing current advancements and addressing ongoing challenges, this review underscores the potential of fGO to revolutionize catalytic processes and contribute to sustainable chemistry.
Development of a Simple Voltammetric Method for Estrogens Determination (E1, E2, E3, EE2, and E2Ac) in Pharmaceuticals and Human Urine Using an Unmodified Screen‐Printed Carbon Sensor
Authors: Escobar‐Olivos Diego , Gómez Marisol , Triviño Juan José , Arancibia Verónica , Rojas‐Romo Carlos 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAn efficient, fast, and sensitive method for the determination of estrone (E1), 17β‐estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), ethinylestradiol (EE2), and β‐estradiol‐17‐acetate (E2Ac) in pharmaceutical formulations and spiked human urine was developed and validated using an unmodified commercial screen‐printed carbon electrode. The utilization of linear sweep and square wave voltammetry was compared, and experimental conditions were optimized. In a 6.0 mmol L−1 phosphoric acid solution, the current intensity of the oxidation of the aromatic alcohol was used as the analytical response. The peak potential of each estrogen oxidation signal was found between 0.62 and 0.67 V. The detection limits were found to be for E1, E2, E2Ac, EE2, and E3 were 43, 25, 32, 42, and 44 nmol L−1 using linear sweep voltammetry and 20, 21, 37, 53, and 39 nmol L−1 using square wave voltammetry, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the determination of estrogens in a commercial and spiked drug tablets and spiked human male urine samples. The findings from this study establish a strong basis for the future application of the method in conjunction with high‐performance liquid chromatography for the determination of estrogens in samples characterized by complex matrices.
Adsorption and Photodegradation of Organic Compounds in Wastewater by Hierarchical Organic Molecular Sieves
Authors: Song Linhua , Jiang Tengfei , Sun Mengmeng , Ouyang Yuqing , Wang Zi , Mu Yonghang , Sun Kuo 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDyes with aromatic structures are known for their persistence and high toxicity. Once these dyes enter aquatic environments, they pose significant threats to both the ecosystem and human health. In this study, N,N‐dimethylethylenediamine(DMEN) was used as a template to synthesize the ZIF‐8 material, characterized by a high specific surface area and high mesoporosity. The hierarchical ZIF‐8 material is utilized to remove dyes from simulated wastewater. It can adsorb organic dye molecules and harmful metal ions from dye‐laden wastewater. And the two processes do not exhibit significant interference with each other. The results indicate that the hierarchical ZIF‐8 exhibits excellent adaptability to wastewater environments with high salinity and extreme pH levels. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of hierarchical ZIF‐8 for methylene blue is twice that of microporous ZIF‐8, and its photocatalytic efficiency is enhanced by 30% compared to microporous ZIF‐8. Moreover, the photocatalytic performance significantly improves under alkaline conditions: at a pH of 12, the degradation rate of methylene blue reaches 96.9%. The study found that hierarchical ZIF‐8 primarily follows the photocatalytic reaction mechanism during the catalytic degradation of methylene blue. Hierarchical ZIF‐8 demonstrates significant potential for application in textile wastewater treatment.
Size‐Tunable Covalent Organic Framework Nanoparticles for Assembling One‐Dimensional Photonic Crystals With Visual Sensing
Authors: Gao Lei , Kou Donghui , Lin Ruicheng , Ma Wei , Zhang Shufen 
Published: February 2025

AbstractOne‐dimensional photonic crystals (1D PCs) emerged as superb sensing platforms due to their high sensitivity to environmental changes. However, effectively translating the microscopic interactions between covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and analytes into macroscopic optical responses via 1D PCs for intuitive detection presents a significant challenge. Here, we propose a stepwise‐induced synthesis strategy that for the first time achieves a size‐controlled synthesis of uniform nanoscale COFs (60–80 nm), leading to a high‐quality COF layer. This advancement enables COF‐based 1D PCs to exhibit diverse color variations and controllable saturation. Notably, the excellent compatibility of the COF layer with inorganic oxides, organic polymers, and metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) results in these 1D PCs exhibiting bright colors. Crucially, introducing the mesoporous materials enables 1D PCs to achieve deep integration of adsorption and recognition functions for volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The fabricated COF/MOF 1D PC allows differentiation of 12 VOCs and visually detects VOCs at different concentrations (0–80 g m−3) through color changes, with a response time under 1 s. In particular, COF‐based 1D PCs can be transferred to flexible substrates while retaining VOC visual sensing. These attributes highlight the potential of COF‐based 1D PCs for real‐time VOC monitoring in industrial environments.
Full‐Color Gamut White Light Emission From Mn‐doped Cs3Cu2X5 Nanocrystals via Lattice Engineering
Authors: Li Chang‐Xu , Cho Seung‐Bum , Sohn Sang‐Hyun , Kwak Do‐Hyun , Park Il‐Kyu 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCs3Cu2X5‐based lead‐free material (X = Cl, Br, and I) nanocrystals (NCs) are promising eco‐friendly materials for various optoelectronic applications. Although manganese (Mn2+) ion doping into Cs3Cu2X5 may widen the emission color gamut, incorporating them is challenging because of the robust tetrahedral [CuX4] and triangular [CuX3] structures. This paper addresses this challenge using a lattice engineering strategy, which induces appropriate lattice shrinkage by replacing I− with Cl− in the Cs3Cu2I5 NC structure. The promotion effect of Cl− substitution on the Mn2+ doping is confirmed by structural and chemical analysis, indicating the formation of highly crystalline NCs. The Mn‐doping modifies the electronic structures of Cs3Cu2X5 by reducing the band gap energy and forming effective energy transition pathways. The emission range of the NCs is expanded from blue to orange and finally manifest full‐color gamut white light emission. The continuous broad spectrum is attributed to the combined blue emission of self‐trapped excitons and the yellow‐orange emission of the Mn2+ d–d energy transition. A white light‐emitting diode with Mn‐doped Cs3Cu2X5 NCs as a color conversion layer exhibit stable white emission with CIE coordinates of (0.34, 0.32) and a correlated color temperature of 5010 K, closely matching daylight conditions and is applied as an intelligent artificial sunlight.
Geomimetic Interfacial Hydrothermal Synthesis of Crystalline Ionic Vinylene‐Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Wu Dongchuang , Wang Hao , Wang Lun , Geng Wenping , Gu Ning , Fan Xin , Cao Yang , Sun Youyi , Zhang Bin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIonic vinylene‐linked covalent organic frameworks (ivCOFs) with ionic characteristics and highly conjugated structures have been promising functional materials. However, both the number of reported ionic vinylene‐linked COFs and its synthetic methodologies still be limited. Herein, two new kinds of ionic vinylene‐linked covalent organic frameworks (named as COF‐NUC‐1 and COF‐NUC‐2) are synthesized by novel geomimetic interfacial hydrothermal synthesis for the first time. Due to the insolubility of conjugated aldehyde monomers in water, a molecule/water interface is created, where the water‐soluble N‐ethyl‐2,4,6‐trimethylpyridinium bromide (ETMP‐Br) can react with aldehyde monomers via the interface‐confined Knoevenagel condensation reaction. The resultant ionic COFs show high crystallinity, high chemical stability, and hydrophilic nature. Benefiting from electron‐withdrawing and redox properties of pyridinium salts, the as‐fabricated memristor based on COF‐NUC‐1 film shows stable nonvolatile memory effects, featuring a high ON/OFF current ratio of 0.66 × 103 and a small switch‐on voltage of −0.68 V. This work expands the realm of ivCOFs and deepens the understanding of hydrothermal synthesis.
Unveiling the Roles of Lattice Strain by Ni Exsolution on Photothermal Reduction of CO2 Activity in BaTiO3 Catalyst
Authors: Li Qinghao , Zhang Qiankai , Zeng Chao , Xing Kaiyue , Niu Jiaxi , Wang Haiyang , Xue Zixuan , Xiao Bing , Wu Kai , Zhou Jun 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe lattice strain influences crystal orientation, facets exposed to external light, and atom rearrangement strongly to affect catalytic activity. However, how to rationally design a metal‐oxide heterojunction catalyst with featuring lattice strain is a great challenge. Herein, a facile method is adopted to induce lattice strain upon in situ exsolution of Ni nanoparticles from Ba0.9Ti0.9Ni0.1O3‐δ (BTNO) perovskite oxide, hereby enhancing the photothermal reduction of CO2. Lattice strain and Ni‐exsolution dual regulation ensure that the Ni‐anchored BTNO catalyst displays superb photothermal reduction activity of CO2. It shows a CO yield of 40.50 mmol gcat−1 h−1 and a CH4 yield of 19.62 mmol gcat−1 h−1, which are 14 and 73 times higher than those of BaTiO3. In addition, in situ DRIFTS and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal the CO2 reduction pathways and strain modulates the interfacial band structure and enhances the transfer of photogenerated charge. Consequently, this study provides a new approach for achieving highly efficient photothermal catalytic reduction of CO2 through strain engineering.
Cross‐Referencing Multifluid Metabolic Profiles on Hollow Dodecahedral Nanocages for Enhanced Disease Status Identification
Authors: Shi Fangying , Chen Lingli , Qiao Yiming , Deng Chunhui , Yao Qunyan , Sun Nianrong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe development of matrices has shown great potential for fluid metabolic analysis in disease detection. However, single‐fluid metabolomic analysis has been recognized as insufficient to fully capture the complexities of diseases such as liver disease, which limits detection accuracy. To this end, the hollow dodecahedral nanocages‐based analytical tool is developed, featuring four‐high characteristics of speed, throughput, efficiency, and patient compliance, to enhance extraction of multifluid metabolic profiles. The cross‐referencing of these profiles among different liver diseases, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), chronic liver disease (CLD), and healthy controls, enhances the diagnosis of liver diseases, particularly achieving near‐perfect discrimination for HCC with an AUC value of 0.990, significantly outperforming any single fluid analysis. Additionally, the dynamic changes in expression levels of the key biomarkers throughout disease progression are explored, providing insights into their temporal evolution, and highlighting their role in monitoring disease status. This work highlights that multifluid metabolic analysis can comprehensively and sensitively reflect the disease status, enabling precise identification of complex diseases and facilitating personalized treatment.
Enhancing OER Activity Through Water Treatment‐Induced Surface Reconstruction of Metal Surfaces
Authors: Kim Hye Ri , Yeon Changho , Kim Jee Hyeon , Lee Gahyeon , Baek Seulgi , Lim Hyunseob , Lee Chan‐Woo , Joo Jong Hoon 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis research introduces a simple and effective method to enhance oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance through surface reconstruction of metal substrates via hydration. A water treatment technique is employed to form a nanometer‐thick hydroxide layer on Ni foam, which significantly improved OER activity compared to pristine Ni. To further explore catalyst performance on hydrated substrates, NiFe layered double hydroxide (LDH) is deposited, resulting in NiFe LDH@hydrated Ni foam achieving superior performance and exceptional stability, maintaining 1 A cm−2 for 1000 h. In contrast, NiFe LDH@pristine Ni foam showed rapid degradation. Interestingly, while the hydrated hydroxide layer demonstrated remarkable OER activity, it is ineffective for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed the differing roles of hydroxides in OER and HER, providing insights into their electrochemical pathways. These findings highlight that simple hydration enhances the activity and long‐term stability of LDH catalysts, addressing a key limitation in their practical use. This study demonstrates a promising and scalable strategy for improving OER performance and catalyst durability, offering valuable insights into the role of surface hydroxides in electrode reactions for energy applications.
Redesign of Translocon EXP2 Nanopore for Detecting Peptide Fragments
Authors: Miyagi Mitsuki , Yamaji Misa , Kurokawa Nina , Yohda Masafumi , Kawano Ryuji 
Published: February 2025

AbstractNanopore sensing is a rapid, label‐free technique that enables single‐molecule detection and is successfully applied to nucleic acid sequencing. Extending this technology to the detection and sequencing of peptides and proteins is a key area of interest. However, the complex structures and diverse charge distributions of peptides and proteins present challenges for extensive detection using existing nanopores. In this study, the focus is on the EXP2 nanopore derived from the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum to address these challenges. Previously, it is characterized wild‐type EXP2 (WT‐EXP2) nanopores and demonstrated their ability to detect polypeptides, although intrinsic electrical noise from the pore posed difficulties for accurate detection. To overcome these limitations, several EXP2 nanopore mutants are designed, including EXP2ΔD231, EXP2NC, and EXP2NC
K42D/S46F, to reduce electrical noise and improve peptide detection accuracy. The EXP2ΔD231 mutant reduced electrical noise by more than 50% compared to WT‐EXP2 and improved the discrimination accuracy of oligoarginine peptides. In addition, the EXP2ΔD231 detected and discriminated eight different peptides, ranging in molecular weight from small to large, that are previously challenging to detect using a single nanopore type. These results suggest that engineered EXP2 nanopores could serve as effective tools for peptide and protein detection and sequencing, contributing to the broader application of nanopore technology in biochemical and clinical research.
Ultrahigh Efficiency and Robust Energy Density in Simple Barium Titanate‐Based Lead‐Free Films via Nanocomposite Approach
Authors: Kong Zhengyang , Wang Xu , Zhu Beibei , Guo Yufan , He Jiahang , Han Kun , Chen Pingfan , Chen Feng , Wu Wenbin , Cheng Feng , Huang Zhen , Xu Liqiang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractRelaxor ferroelectric (RFE) films represent promising candidates for high‐performance energy storage applications for miniaturized electronic devices and power systems. However, achieving substantial energy storage performance always involves complex component or structural design. Herein, we employed a nanocomposite approach to obtain ultrahigh‐efficiency and robust energy density in simple BaTiO3‐based lead‐free films. Our lead‐free composition of simple (1‐x)BaTiO3‐xCeO2 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) contains only four elements (Ba, Ti, Ce and O). The incorporation of stiff and insulating CeO2 nanocomposites within BaTiO3 matrix could disrupt the long‐range‐ordered micrometer‐size domains into short‐range‐ordered nanodomains. This disruption suppresses hysteresis and delays polarization of BaTiO3 films. Combined with the enhanced breakdown strength, this formulation yielded an ultrahigh efficiency of ≈90% and a robust energy density of 45 ± 3 J cm−3 at CeO2 contents of x = 0.3 and 0.4. Meanwhile, these two films with x = 0.3 and 0.4 exhibit superior frequency (50 Hz to 2 kHz) and thermal stability (20 °C to 120 °C), demonstrating stable energy storage performance. The proposed strategy opens up a new avenue for designing high‐performance nanocomposite films by incorporating stiff secondary phase embedded in BaTiO3 or even linear SrTiO3 dielectrics.
Theory and Methodology in Sociology–Guiding Distinction
Authors: Brezovec Erik , Ježovita Josip , Watson Steven 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study analyses how theory and methodology function as guiding distinctions in sociology, drawing upon Niklas Luhmann's social systems theory. By examining fifteen Croatian sociologists who engaged with a hypothetical case study on generative artificial intelligence in labour markets, we analysed their theoretical and methodological approaches. The findings reveal a distinct ‘methodological imperative,’ as participants tended to align more around structured rules and data‐gathering procedures rather than around theoretical frameworks. This suggests that methodology, with its standardised forms, provides a clearer path for inclusion in scientific communication, whereas theory remains conceptually broader yet comparatively less structured. Consequently, the study underscores the interplay between these two programmes in shaping sociology's collective knowledge, illustrating how their co‐existence supports the discipline's ongoing capacity for self‐differentiation.