bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A COMPARISON BETWEEN THE LECITHIN/SPHINGOMYELIN RATIO AND OTHER METHODS OF ASSESSING THE PRESENC OF FETAL PULMONARY SURFACTANT IN AMNIOTIC FLUlD
Authors: Parkinson Christine E. , Harvey David R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA correlation was made between different methods for assessing fetal lung maturity. The amniotic fluid L/S ratio and “shake test” produced statistically similar results and the L/S ratio and estimation of the actual lecithin concentration of amniotic fluid also agreed fairly well. Several phospholipid stains for use in determining the L/S ratio were evaluated. A modification of the developing solvent used for thin‐layer chromatography is described, which achieved better separation and definition of the lecithin and sphingomyelin spots. The “shake test” seemed a simple and apparently reliable method of measuring pulmonary surfactant in fresh amniotic fluid.
THE EFFECT OF SPONTANEOUS AND INDUCED ABORTION ON PREMATURITY AND BIRTHWEIGHT
Authors: Papaevangelou G. , Vrettos A. S. , Papadatos C. , Alexiou D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe effect of previous induced or spontaneous abortions on prematurity (defined as a gestational age of less than 37 weeks) and birthweight was studied in 4847 babies born consecutively at Alexandra Maternity Hospital, Athens, Greece. It was found that the incidence of prematurity is more than two‐fold in women with one or more induced or spontaneous abortions when compared to those without abortions. Our results also showed that the inverse relationship between the mean birthweight and the number of induced or spontaneous abortions is misleading, because of the high correlation between birthweight and gestational age. It is therefore concluded that intrauterine growth of the fetus is probably not affected by previous abortions.
PLASMA OESTRIOL IN RETARDED INTRAUTERINE FETAL GROWTH
Authors: Masson Gordon M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPlasma oestriol was measured serially in a group of patients considered to have intrauterine fetal growth retardation. The levels in the four patients who developed hypertension and gave birth to infants of low birthweight were all less than the normal average whilst seven of the nine normotensive patients with low birthweight infants had a different form of abnormal curve. Those who had infants of normal birthweight had normal values.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HYDRAMNIOS AND SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INFANT IN PREGNANCIES COMPLICATED BY FETAL ANENCEPHALY
Authors: Sagar H. J. , Desa D. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA review is presented of 328 anencephalic infants, derived from two separate centres (Manchester and Oxford) over the same 21‐year period. Two clear groups emerged. Anencephalic infants from pregnancies complicated by hydramnios had a higher female : male sex ratio, a shorter gestation and a higher body weight than other anencephalic infants. These distinctions were not due to any difference in the incidence of associated malformations and there was close agreement in the results from the two centres. It is suggested that two distinct variants of anencephaly exist and that the results indicate a need for study of the mechanisms that control amniotic fluid production.
THE CLINICAL APPLICATION OF ULTRASONIC PLACENTOGRAPHY
Authors: Kukard R. F. P. , Freeman M. E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn a busy hospital an attempt was made to locate the placenta by ultrasound in 437 patients suspected of having a placenta praevia. There were three failures to locate the placenta and two dangerous false negative results. Caesarean section was performed in 126 patients of whom 76 had placenta praevia. The placental site was located by ultrasound in 124 patients delivered abdominally and in 98.4 per cent of them a safe diagnosis was obtained (82.2 percent of diagnoses were anatomically correct, 8 · 1 per cent overstated or understated the extent of placenta praevia and 8 . 1 per cent were falsely positive). A correlation was found between the frequency of diagnostic problems and gestational age. Ultrasound provided a safe and reliable method of excluding placenta praevia except in the presence of multiple pregnancy.
REAPPRAISAL OF THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE HUMAN ENDOMETRIAL GLANDULAR CELL
Authors: Armstrong Ernest M. , More Ian A. R. , McSeveney David , Chatfield William R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA survey of the ultrastructure of histologically normal endometrial biopsies from 30 women at various stages of the menstrual cycle was made. The nucleus and nucleolus showed morphological variations in the different phases of the cycle which could be correlated with the changing metabolic needs of the cytoplasm. During the ovulatory phase, glycogen, giant mitochondria and nucleolar basket formation were observed and the functional morphology of the latter two organelles is discussed. The secretory phase was characterized by the apocrine and merocrine secretion of glycogen and glycoprotein, as well as by age changes and ultimate cellular breakdown.
FOLLOW‐UP AFTER HYDATlDIFORM MOLE: STUDIES USING RADIOIMMUNOASSAY FOR URINARY HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN (HCG)
Authors: Bagshawe K. D. , Wilson Hilary , Dublon Pauline , Smith Anne , Baldwin Mary , Kardana A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryRadioimmunoassay estimations of urinary human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) were performed on 458 patients who had hydatidiform mole between 1963 and 1972. Whenever possible, assays were performed regularly for two years on specimens posted by the patient to a central laboratory. There were no deaths in 280 patients who had regular assays. About 70 per cent of women had an invasive trophoblastic lesion following a hydatidiform mole but these lesions resolved spontaneously in most cases. Using defined criteria for treatment, less than six percent of patients who had hydatidiform mole required chemotherapy for a trophoblastic tumour. Urinary HCG values which were above 40 000 IU per 24 hours for some weeks after evacuation of a mole were associated with a high risk of uterine perforation. It is suggested that women who have had a hydatidiform mole should have at least one measurement of urinary HCG values by radioimmunoassay following any subsequent pregnancy.
THREE CASES OF AMOEBIASIS OF THE CERVIX UTERI
Authors: Cohen Cynthia 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThree cases of amoebic cervicitis are described and genital amoebiasis is discussed. Patients present with vaginal discharge, pain and ulcers on the cervix, vagina and vulva and diarrhoea is frequently present as well. The diagnosis of amoebiasis is usually made clinically but can be confirmed by direct examination of vaginal discharge or scrapings from ulcers, in cytological smears and on histopathological examination of biopsy material. There is a good response to specific therapy. Factors in transmission are discussed.
PROTEINURIA IN PRE‐ECLAMPTIC TOXAEMIA OF PREGNANCY
Authors: Kelly Anne M. , McEwan Helen P. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe proteins, transferrin, a,‐macroglobulin and the immunoglobulins IgG, IgA and IgM have been measured in blood and urine of normal pregnant women at 38 weeks and in women with pre‐eclampsia. The plasma concentrations of IgG and transferrin were reduced and IgM was elevated in pre‐eclamptic toxaemia. The selectivity index and IgA excretion were found to be related to fetal mortality.
COMPARISON OF INTRAVENOUS PROSTAGLANDINS F2α AND E2, WITH INTRAVENOUS OXYTOCIN IN THE INDUCTION OF LABOUR
Authors: Naismith William C. M. K. , Barr Wallace , Macvicar J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThree groups of primigravidae, matched for age, height, weight, maturity and inducibility score were studied in order to compare the effectiveness as induction agents of intravenously administered prostaglandin F, (PGF,), prostaglandin E, (PGE) and oxytocin (Syntocinon) in escalating dosage. In all cases, amniotomy was postponed until labour had become established and, if this did not occur within 12 hours, the drug was discontinued. Oxytocin in the dosage employed was the most effective of the three drugs tested. Of the 20 patients given oxytocin, 19 progressed to vaginal delivery, the mean infusion‐delivery interval being 10 hours 8 minutes. Of the 10 patients given PGE, and the 10 patients given PGF, 5 showed no dilatation of the cervix within 12 hours, and the remaining 15 had a mean infusion‐delivery interval of 13 hours and 23 minutes. Side effects were not severe with any of the drugs employed, and Apgar scores of the newborn showed no significant difference in the groups studied.
PLASMA OESTRIOL IN PREGNANCY COMPLICATED BY DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Masson Gordon M. , Sutherland Hamish W. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySerial plasma oestriol values were measured in nine insulin‐dependent diabetics during pregnancy. While the plasma oestriol values wete lower than those in uncomplicated non‐diabetic pregnancy the curves were of similar shape. It is suggested that serial plasma oestriol determinations in assessing feto‐placental function in diabetic pregnancy should be interpreted with caution.
SERUM OESTROGENS AND PROGESTERONE AFTER NORMAL DELIVERY
Authors: Said Sami , Johansson Elof D. B. , Gemzell Carl 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe serum levels of oestrogens and progesterone were measured in 22 normal women after delivery. The first samples were obtained within seven days of delivery and the subsequent ones at weekly intervals thereafter until the return of menstruation. During lactation the serum oestrogen levels were usually at or below the lower range for the early follicular phase of the normal menstrual cycle. After the baby was weaned oestrogen levels rose gradually. With the exception of the first three days after delivery, serum progesterone values were generally low during lactation. They rose after the baby was weaned so that serum progesterone levels within the range of the luteal maximum of the normal menstrual cycle were sometimes reached at one to two weeks before the return of menstruation.
PLASMA PROGESTERONE CHANGES IN ABORTION INDUCED BY HYPERTONIC SALINE IN THE SECOND TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY
Authors: Tyack A. J. , Parsons R. J. , Millar D. R. , Pennington G. , Hall R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPlasma progesterone levels were measured by a competitive binding method in a total of 177 blood samples obtained from 17 patients after the intra‐amniotic instillation of hypertonic saline for termination of a second trimester pregnancy. A mean fall in plasma progesterone of 51 per cent was observed before abortion of the fetus. There was a highly significant correlation between falling progesterone values and the instillation‐abortion interval (p<0.001).
BENIGN METASTASIZING FIBROLEIOMYOMA
Authors: Barnes H. M. , Richardson P. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA case is reported of benign metastasizing fibroleiomyoma with omental and pulmonary involvement. The patient showed a severe ventilation/perfusion respiratory defect. There have been 40 previously reported cases, only six with metastases to the lungs. This case appears to have been unique in the degree of pulmonary involvement.
THE INFLUENCE OF ANENCEPHALY UPON INTRAUTERINE GROWTH OF FETUS AND PLACENTA AND UPON GESTATION LENGTH
Authors: Honnebier W. J. , Swaab D. F. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn order to determine the influence of anencephaly upon the intrauterine growth of fetus and placenta, and upon gestation length, 147 pregnancies with anencephaly were analyzed and compared with a control group.There appeared to be a lower rate of intrauterine growth of the fetus and of the placenta in the anencephalic group. The birthweights of the anencephalic infants were much lower than those of the control group, but showed a steady increase which continued beyond term so that a birthweight level was achieved which was similar to that reached by the control group at term. The placentae of the anencephalic group showed a decreased weight in a high percentage of the cases, although this trend was less pronounced than for the birthweights.The mean gestation length was significantly shorter in the anencephalic group than in the control group. Spontaneously born anencephalics from pregnancies with no hydramnios had a mean gestation length which was not significantly different from that of the control group. The distribution over the maturity periods differed significantly, however, in the high percentage of prematurely and postmaturely born anencephalic infants.Short gestation length in anencephaly, on the one hand, is not due solely to hydramnios or to maternal factors; absence of hydramnios, on the other hand, is not invariably associated with prolonged gestation. Our observations do not support the suggestion that the anencephalic fetus might be the human analogue to the hypophysectomized lamb, nor that the pituitary‐adrenal axis, of importance in the initiation of labour in sheep, plays the same role in humans.
AMNIOTIC FLUID CREATININE
Authors: Roopnarinesingh Syam 
Published: August 2005

SummarySerial estimations of creatinine concentration in amniotic fluid revealed a rise in values with advancing pregnancy, both in normal pregnancy and in pre‐eclampsia. Amniotic fluid creatinine levels were significantly higher than levels in maternal serum and mixed cord blood and there was a linear relationship between maternal serum creatinine and amniotic fluid creatinine. Values in patients with severe pre‐eclampsia were found to be significantly greater than those in patients with mild pre‐eclampsia at corresponding periods of gestation.
CHANGES IN PLATELET THROMBOTIC TENDENCY DURING PARTURITION
Authors: Sanderson J. H. , Taylor D. S. , Delamore I. W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryStudies have been made of changes in platelet sensitivity to ADP as measured by the screen filtration pressure method, platelet count, and packed cell volume during and immediately after parturition. The results show significant rises in platelet sensitivity to ADP, and in packed cell volume.It is suggested that these changes may be related to the occurrence of puerperal deep venous thrombosis, and that the measurement of platelet sensitivity to ADP may be of value in predicting the occurrence of such thromboses.
CHANGES IN PLATELET THROMBOTIC TENDENCY DURING ORAL CONTRACEPTION
Authors: Sanderson J. H. , Delamore I. W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryChanges in platelet sensitivity to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) as measured by the platelet aggregate filtration method, platelet count, and packed cell volume were studied in an unselected group of women commencing oral contraception. A rise in platelet sensitivity to ADP was found. There was also a fall in packed cell volume probably due to fluid retention.It is suggested that the rise in platelet sensitivity to ADP may represent an increase in thrombotic tendency and that the measurement of this parameter may have a place in predicting the occurrence of thrombotic episodes.
SERUM LEVELS OF COPPER, CAERULOPLASMIN AND CAERULOPLASMIN OXIDASE ACTIVlTY IN WOMEN USING COPPER‐CONTAINING INTRAUTERINE DEVICES AND IN WOMEN TAKING COMBINED ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES
Authors: Daunter Brian , Elstein Max 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA comparison was made between four groups of women in their active reproductive years of serum levels of copper, caeruloplasmin and caeruloplasmin oxidase activity. Two groups were using an intrauterine device, either a Copper Seven IUD or a Dalkon Shield that contained copper within its matrix. The other two groups were taking combined oral contraceptives, either 1.0 mg. norethisterone + 50 μg. ethinyl oestradiol, or 0.5 mg. norethisterone + 50 μg. ethinyl oestradiol.No significant statistical difference was found in the serum levels of copper, caeruloplasmin and caeruloplasmin oxidase activity in those women using the two different IUDs; nor was any significant difference found in these parameters between the two groups of women taking the two different combined oral contraceptive preparations. There was, however, a statistically significant difference between the women using IUDs and those women taking the oral contraceptive preparations in whom these parameters were elevated.
A COMPARISON OF ELECTROCAUTERY AND CRYOCAUTERY FOR THE TREATMENT OF CERVICAL EROSIONS AND CHRONIC CERVICJTIS
Authors: Miller J. F. , Elstein Max 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA comparison was made in the response to treatment found in 58 patients who had cryocautery and 57 patients who had electrocautery for benign lesions of the cervix. No difference was shown in either symptomatic cure rates or in objective measurements of healing. It is concluded that the expense of cryosurgical equipment does not justify its use for benign lesions of the cervix.
THE MANAGEMENT OF DYSPLASIA, CARCINOMA IN SITU AND MICROCARCINOMA OF THE CERVIX
Authors: Brudenell M. , Cox B. S. , Taylor C. W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryInformation about and histological preparations from 728 patients treated between 1955 and 1965 for dysplasia, carcinoma in situ or microcarcinoma (microinvasive carcinoma) were submitted to the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynae‐cologists. The results of treatment were analyzed as well as discrepancies between the diagnosis made by the original hospital pathologist and a panel of pathologists.
THE ANTENATAL MEASUREMENT OF FETAL URINE PRODUCTION
Authors: Campbell Stuart , Wladimiroff J. W. , Dewhurst C. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAn ultrasonic method of assessing the hourly fetal urine production rate (HFUPR) is described. In 50 antenatal patients screened in normal pregnancy there was a gradual rise in the mean HFUPR from 12.2 ml. at 32 weeks to 28.2 ml. at 40 weeks menstrual age.
FETAL 5‐HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE LEVELS IN LATE PREGNANCY
Authors: Jones I. B. , Rowsell A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe human fetus of 38 to 41 weeks' gestation has a whole blood 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) concentration equivalent to the adult. It is suggested that the fetus in utero is capable of producing 5‐HT in sufficient amounts to account for the documented rise in placental 5‐HT concentration found in late pregnancy.
THE CASE AGAINST WERTHEIM'S HYSTERECTOMY IN ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA
Authors: De Mûelenaere G. F. G. O. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryOne hundred and four women with clinically operable endometrial cancer were treated by intrauterine radium followed by removal of the uterus and appendages without lymphadenectomy. Patients with recurrence confined to the pelvis were given external radiotherapy only.From review of these cases and study of the literature it is concluded that there is a high incidence of lymphatic metastases but these are not usually confined to the pelvis. Most of the deaths from the disease are due to distant lymphatic, transcoelomic or haematogenous spread without pelvic recurrence of the neoplasm. It is difficult to suggest a logical basis for selecting patients with endometrial cancer for Wertheim's hysterectomy with lymphadenectomy, an operation which does not offer a higher 5‐year survival rate in unselected patients. cology and Obstetrics, and Dr. Kenny, Superintendent, H. F. Verwoerd Hospital, for access to their records. The results of the present study formed part of an M.D. thesis for the University of Pretoria in 1972.
ATYPICAL GONADAL DYSGENESIS
Authors: Calverley Marie H. , Somasundram Kathigarni , Butler Leslie J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThree patients with unusual forms of gonadal dysgenesis are reported. The first had a 45, XO chromosome constitution and had secondary amenorrhoea after menstruating regularly for more than eight years. She was of short stature but secondary sexual characteristics were well developed. Laparotomy and ovarian biopsy showed streak gonads devoid of follicles. The other two patients were chromosomal mosaics. Both had two cell lines, one of which was 45, XO. The other cell line was 46, XX in one patient and 46, XXq‐ (long arm deletion of X) in the other. Both these patients had primary amenorrhoea and were of longer stature than is usual in Turner's syndrome. The literature about patients with menstrual bleeding in spite of the presence of a 45, XO chromosome constitution, either in pure or mosaic form, is briefly reviewed.
FETAL PLASMA STEROIDS IN RELATION TO PARTURITION
Authors: Smith Ian D. , Shearman Rodney P. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTotal plasma corticosteroid levels were measured by a competitive protein‐binding technique in matched umbilical arterial and venous samples obtained from 234 infants immediately following vaginal delivery. Both arterial and venous levels were related to the gestational age of the infant at delivery, rising to a peak at 37 to 38 weeks gestational age and thereafter declining. Corticosteroid levels were generally less in infants delivered following oxytocin‐induced (or augmented) labour than in those delivered following spontaneous labour. The mean umbilical arterial levels (±S.E.) of plasma corticosteroids at 38 to 40 weeks were 213.2 ± 16.3 ng./ml. for the spontaneous labour group and 171.9 ± 12.3 ng./ml. for the oxytocin‐induced and augmented group. The corresponding mean venous levels were 242.9 ± 14.8 ng./ml. and 227.4 ± 13.2 ng./ml. The mean plasma corticosteroid level in four fetuses spontaneously miscarried at 17 to 20 weeks was 65.0 ± 21.6 ng./ml. The results suggest that the human fetal adrenal may have an active role in fetal maturation and the initiation of labour.
THE EXCRETION OF GLUCOSE DURING NORMAL PREGNANCY AND AFTER DELIVERY
Authors: Davison J. M. , Lovedale C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTwenty‐one healthy pregnant women took part in a serial study in which their 24‐hour urinary excretion of glucose was measured during the final weeks of pregnancy, on every day of the first week after delivery where possible, and again at eight weeks post partum. In addition, for the whole of several weeks before delivery and continuously after delivery, every urine sample passed was tested with “Clinistix”. Every woman showed a raised excretion of glucose in pregnancy compared to that at eight weeks after delivery, and the pattern was characteristically intermittent. After delivery there was almost always a rapid fall in glucose excretion which reached non‐pregnant levels in all subjects within a week of delivery. The pattern of return to normal throws no light on the phenomenon of pregnancy glycosuria.
PROSTAGLANDIN F2α CONCENTRATIONS IN AMNIOTIC FLUID IN LATE PREGNANCY
Authors: Hibbard B. M. , Sharma S. C. , Fitzpatrick R. J. , Hamlett J. D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryProstaglandin F2α (PGF2α) was assayed in samples of amniotic fluid obtained at 185 to 298 days gestation. Before 252 days (36 weeks) values below 75 pg./ml. were found in 20 of 22 samples. After 252 days but before the onset of labour 80 per cent of values exceeded 300 pg./ml., with a progressive rise with advancing gestation. During the first stage of labour a further rise in values occurred.
EXTRA‐AMNIOTIC PROSTAGLANDIN E2 FOR THE INDUCTION OF LABOUR AT TERM
Authors: Calder A. A. , Embrey M. P. , Hillier K. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryProstaglandin E2 was administered by continuous extra‐amniotic infusion to induce labour in 40 patients between 38 and 42 weeks' gestation. Induction was successful in all cases. The mean induction‐delivery interval was 9.8 hours. There were no apparent harmful effects to mother or child.
EXTRA AMNIOTIC PROSTAGLANDINS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF INTRAUTERINE FETAL DEATH, ANENCEPHALY AND HYDATIDIFORM MOLE
Authors: Embrey M. P. , Calder A. A. , Hillier K. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryProstaglandin E2 or prostaglandin F2α was administered extra‐amniotically in the treatment of 22 cases of intrauterine fetal death, two of anencephaly and one of hydatidiform mole. Delivery was achieved in 24 out of the 25 patients. The choice of the extra‐amniotic route of administration appeared to result in fewer side effects than have been encountered during intravenous prostaglandin therapy in the treatment of these conditions.