bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The origins of the Guinness stout yeast
Authors: Kerruish Daniel W. M. , Cormican Paul , Kenny Elaine M. , Kearns Jessica , Colgan Eibhlin , Boulton Chris A. , Stelma Sandra N. E. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBeer is made via the fermentation of an aqueous extract predominantly composed of malted barley flavoured with hops. The transforming microorganism is typically a single strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and for the majority of major beer brands the yeast strain is a unique component. The present yeast used to make Guinness stout brewed in Dublin, Ireland, can be traced back to 1903, but its origins are unknown. To that end, we used Illumina and Nanopore sequencing to generate whole-genome sequencing data for a total of 22 S. cerevisiae yeast strains: 16 from the Guinness collection and 6 other historical Irish brewing. The origins of the Guinness yeast were determined with a SNP-based analysis, demonstrating that the Guinness strains occupy a distinct group separate from other historical Irish brewing yeasts. Assessment of chromosome number, copy number variation and phenotypic evaluation of key brewing attributes established Guinness yeast-specific SNPs but no specific chromosomal amplifications. Our analysis also demonstrated the effects of yeast storage on phylogeny. Altogether, our results suggest that the Guinness yeast used today is related to the first deposited Guinness yeast; the 1903 Watling Laboratory Guinness yeast.
Ants evade harmful food by active abandonment
Authors: Zanola Daniel , Czaczkes Tomer J. , Josens Roxana 
Published: January 2024

AbstractInvasive ants, such as the Argentine ant, pose a severe economic and ecological threat. Despite advancements in baiting techniques, effectively managing established ant populations remains a daunting challenge, often ending in failure. Ant colonies employ behavioural immunity against pathogens, raising the question of whether ants can collectively respond to toxic baits. This study investigates whether ant colonies actively abandon palatable but harmful food sources. We provided two sucrose feeders, each generating a new foraging trail, with one transitioning to offering toxic food. Six hours later, ant activity on that path decreases, while activity on the non-toxic food and the trunk trail remains unaffected, excluding factors like population decline or satiation as reasons for the activity decline. Laboratory experiments confirmed that ants remained alive six hours after ingesting toxic food. Ant presence remains low on the toxic food path for days, gradually decreasing along the nearest section of the trunk trail. This abandonment behaviour minimises the entry of harmful food into the nest, acting as a protective social mechanism. The evasion of toxic bait-treated areas likely contributes considerably to control failures. Understanding the behavioural response to toxic baits is essential for developing effective strategies to combat invasive ant species.
Learning reservoir dynamics with temporal self-modulation
Authors: Sakemi Yusuke , Nobukawa Sou , Matsuki Toshitaka , Morie Takashi , Aihara Kazuyuki 
Published: January 2024

AbstractReservoir computing (RC) can efficiently process time-series data by mapping the input signal into a high-dimensional space via randomly connected recurrent neural networks (RNNs), which are referred to as a reservoir. The high-dimensional representation of time-series data in the reservoir simplifies subsequent learning tasks. Although this simple architecture allows fast learning and facile physical implementation, the learning performance is inferior to that of other state-of-the-art RNN models. In this study, to improve the learning ability of RC, we propose self-modulated RC (SM-RC) that extends RC by adding a self-modulation mechanism. SM-RC can perform attention tasks where input information is retained or discarded depending on the input signal. We find that a chaotic state can emerge as a result of learning in SM-RC. Furthermore, we demonstrate that SM-RC outperforms RC in NARMA and Lorenz model tasks. Because the SM-RC architecture only requires two additional gates, it is physically implementable as RC, thereby providing a direction for realizing edge artificial intelligence.
Self-driving laboratories to autonomously navigate the protein fitness landscape
Authors: Rapp Jacob T. , Bremer Bennett J. , Romero Philip A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractProtein engineering has nearly limitless applications across chemistry, energy and medicine, but creating new proteins with improved or novel functions remains slow, labor-intensive and inefficient. Here we present the Self-driving Autonomous Machines for Protein Landscape Exploration (SAMPLE) platform for fully autonomous protein engineering. SAMPLE is driven by an intelligent agent that learns protein sequence–function relationships, designs new proteins and sends designs to a fully automated robotic system that experimentally tests the designed proteins and provides feedback to improve the agent’s understanding of the system. We deploy four SAMPLE agents with the goal of engineering glycoside hydrolase enzymes with enhanced thermal tolerance. Despite showing individual differences in their search behavior, all four agents quickly converge on thermostable enzymes. Self-driving laboratories automate and accelerate the scientific discovery process and hold great potential for the fields of protein engineering and synthetic biology.
Development of magnetic nanoparticles with double silica shells of different porosities for efficient siRNA delivery to breast cancer cells
Authors: Bao Qing , Liu Xiangyu , Li Yan , Yang Tao , Yue Hui , Yang Mingying , Mao Chuanbin 
Published: January 2024

Silica-based magnetic nanoparticles are designed to deliver siRNA to triple negative breast cancer cells. The cells are killed due to siRNA-induced apoptosis upon the magnetic field-enhanced efficient cellular uptake and endosome escape of siRNA.
Increasing Student Self-Efficacy in Aphasia Through a Simulated Escape Room
Authors: Tinsley Jordan , Stead Amanda , Halladay Brittany 
Published: January 2024

Purpose:
This study aimed to explore students' learning outcomes as a result of participating in a simulated aphasia escape room related to (a) the development of aphasia assessment and treatment self-efficacy, (b) students' perceptions of the experience, and (c) overall student performance on escape room tasks.

Method:

Thirty-six first-year graduate students were guided through simulation procedures, including prelearning, prebrief, simulation, and debriefing for an educational
escape room
with puzzles related to aphasia knowledge and skills. Assessment measures for student outcomes included pre- and postsimulation self-efficacy surveys, a survey for instructor feedback, and clinical educator judgment of student completion of escape room tasks.

Results:

The students' self-efficacy ratings, pre- and postsimulation, were assessed using paired-samples
t
tests. In addition, central tendency and dispersion measures were computed for specific items assessing the students' perception of the simulation. Students demonstrated a statistically significant increase in self-efficacy across all targeted tasks. Student survey responses overall were favorable toward the simulated escape room experience and provided constructive feedback for design improvements.

Conclusions:
Escape room simulations have the pedagogical ability to expose students to low-stakes clinical tasks and require them to evaluate their own experiences within the clinical simulation. In addition, the gamified atmosphere of the escape room positively contributes to student learning. This work has implications for student teaching and training and the potential for carryover to clinical contexts to improve effective communication, assessment, and treatment skills for patients with aphasia in early career speech-language pathologists.
Social media construction of sexual deviance in Hong Kong: a case study of a Facebook discussion
Authors: Sham Priscilla , Man Pui Kwan , Emery Clifton Robert 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study explores how social media constructs sexual deviance and violence against women. Based on vigorous debates on Facebook about the cheating of case two Hong Kong celebrities, we analyzed how cheating and promiscuity are constructed as sexual deviance on social media in Hong Kong through a politics of claims-making. Research has demonstrated how promiscuity and cheating are facilitated through the Internet. It has yet to show how social media sustains compulsory monogamy and constructs promiscuity and cheating as deviance to induce violence against women. Our study contributes to understanding how CM is sustained and how it constructs sexual deviance in scoial media. We discovered that discussing taboo sexual practices through Facebook involves mainly punitive informal social control and only strengthens the stigmatization of them, regulating gender and sexual morality, sustaining compulsory monogamy, and oppressing women and practitioners of marginalized sexual behaviors. We call for updated measures on social media outlets like Facebook to regulate cyber violence and encourage civilized discussions on taboo sexual topics.
Sustainable pathways for attaining net zero emissions in selected South Asian countries: role of green energy market and pricing
Authors: Tiwari Sunil , Bashir Sana , Sarker Tapan , Shahzad Umer 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDue to the ongoing challenges posed by climate change and environmental degradation, developing nations are pursuing initiatives to mitigate carbon emissions at net zero and achieve sustainability objectives. To attain these objectives, it is necessary to shift from conventional energy sources to green energy sources. This research paper examines the dynamic role of the green energy market and green energy pricing in sustainable pathways for attaining net-zero emissions in South Asian countries including India, Malaysia, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. The study utilizes the dynamic Autoregressive Distributed Lag simulations (DARDLS) technique and panel data spanning from 1990 to 2018. The findings reveal a positive correlation between the green energy market and sustainable development in the short run, with reverse effects in the long run. Furthermore, there is an inverse relationship between green energy prices, net-zero emissions, and sustainable development emissions in the short run, which strengthens over time. Based on the results, the study suggests that South Asia is a region that is especially susceptible to the impacts of climate change. Therefore, the governments of these countries should consider implementing favourable policies to support sustainable development, including providing financial assistance, offering subsidies for green energy technology, reducing tariffs, and establishing strong sustainability frameworks and government regulations.
The contribution of inhabitants to the development of public spaces in eastern Algeria, Constantine
Authors: Bouadam Roukia , Chetbi Wail 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe creation of public spaces in response to the extensive construction of new urban residential areas is a subject of discussion within the international community. Algeria suffers from degraded areas and a lack of clarity regarding the ownership and use of these zones. To address this issue, the State has launched urban improvement projects. In some cases, the residents are the ones who initiate these improvements. However, it has been observed that many of these improvements either do not last or are purposefully rejected by residents. This situation raises several concerns: Why are residents opposed to these improvements? Why are the improvements initiated and funded by residents deteriorating as well? This study examines the strategies used to implement urban improvements in Ain Smara (Constantine). It also assesses the population’s impact on the success or failure of these initiatives. As a research hypothesis, it appears that the main causes of this situation are a lack of involvement of residents in the early stages of the project (lack of information, shared diagnosis) and supervision. The goal is to emphasise the importance of residents’ roles and to try to identify some mechanisms for effectively involving them. The method employed is a hybrid approach, with on-site surveys and observations serving as the primary data collection tools. The study’s findings emphasise that a lack of information and a lack of resident involvement are factors that contribute to the unsustainable nature of development initiatives. The success of such projects depends on the efforts of all stakeholders, and residents must be kept as informed and involved as possible before and after the project is launched. An examination of local participation experiences allows us to identify mechanisms tailored to the Algerian context that can aid in the effective implementation of true participation.
Light management for ever-thinner photovoltaics: A tutorial review
Authors: Camarillo Abad Eduardo , Joyce Hannah J. , Hirst Louise C. 
Published: January 2024

Ultra-thin solar cells, an order of magnitude thinner than conventional technologies, are an emerging device concept that enables low-cost, flexible, lightweight, and defect-tolerant photovoltaics. However, the advent of ultra-thin technologies is hindered by the fundamental challenge of poor light harvesting in thinnest absorber layers, which entails prohibitive photocurrent and efficiency penalties. Here, from a tutorial perspective, we review different light-management platforms that can overcome this inherent limitation, namely, antireflection coatings, rear mirrors, and light-trapping textures. We then review the state-of-the-art performances that have been achieved with these strategies and that have led to records of ∼20% efficiency in ∼200 nm absorbers. Finally, we identify persisting challenges and potential development avenues for attaining competitive performance with ever-thinner photovoltaic devices.
The cultural, linguistic and cognitive relativity of time
concepts
Authors: Widlok Thomas 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
There has been a considerable boost in studies on the
cognitive foundations of language, including the fields of space, time, and
causality. While Africa has increasingly been included in these studies, the
attention to cognitive constraints has sometimes overlooked possible
diversity as captured by anthropological linguistics. The study of cultural
relativity with regard to time concepts which flourished initially in
anthropology and linguistics has been overshadowed by research in economics
and neighboring disciplines. Linguistic distinctions such as that between
weak FTR (Future Time Reference) and strong FTR languages become associated
with cultural differences such as saving for the future. This contribution
looks critically at these typologies and argues that research would benefit
from closer cooperation between comparative and intrinsic approaches to the
study of African languages.
“They look hostile from afar”
Authors: Knipping Jan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This contribution analyzes “small stories” with a focus
on language ideologies to shed light on underlying beliefs about how
“Northernness” is constructed and negotiated as a persistently significant
identity category in contemporary Ugandan discourses. While the ideologies
revolving around Northernness mainly reflect colonially established
attributions, the article introduces colorism as a further ideological base,
alongside purported ethnic and linguistic criteria fostering the
marginalization of “Northerners” or those perceived as such. Individuals
either strategically employ these ideologies or find them ascribed to them,
often resulting from negotiations of Otherness and Sameness from multiple
and situated social positions. Furthermore, the paper presents a case in
point to show how a focus on language ideologies can link small-scale
utterances or narrations with socio-political and historical contexts on a
larger scale. Finally, it also reflects on the role linguists’ ideologies
have played and continue to play in the production of knowledge in
(post)colonial African contexts.
“Show your feelings!”
Authors: Seel Laura , Nassenstein Nico 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This contribution analyzes the encoding of emotions in
Chiraphai (Rabai), a Midzichenda language from the Kenyan coast. In the
focus, especially, are matters of a rather discrete display of one’s
feelings vs. open invitations to “show what you feel”, discussing core
emotions in the language and also including concepts of feeling shame
(kona haya) or witnessing shameful behavior. Herein,
the authors specifically investigate body part metaphors that play a role in
the expression of emotional language; they include an analysis of color
terms that incorporate a specific emotional connotation. Finally,
grammatical means of encoding emotions are taken into consideration in this
first anthropological linguistic analysis of the language.
Forme e funzioni delle virgolette negli atti di parte
Authors: Lombardi Giulia 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
During the collection and anonymisation of the party proceedings that are part of the PRIN project “Atti Chiari”
database, an exploratory and qualitative analysis of the texts revealed a widespread and transversal use of the quotation marks
(“ ”), in association – or as an alternative – to the use of italics. It has been possible to verify that, in
addition to the typical uses of the standard language, the introduction of inverted commas and italics in the party proceedings
responds to the lawyers’ need to include in the text basic vocabulary that in the standard language would not need any
modalisation strategy. This seems to show the authors’ reserve in introducing very common words in the texts as if they were not
entirely appropriate; however, if italics and inverted commas are used to justify a communicative choice that has clearly not yet
become standard, they are also evidence of a significant opening towards the drafting of clearer documents.
Inkjet-printed thin-film transistors using surfactant-based transition-metal dichalcogenide nanocomposites suspended in polymeric semiconductors
Authors: Choi Hyunwoo , Park Wontae , Lee Yebin , Tam Kam C , Wong William S 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Ink formulations containing a suspension of single-crystalline molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets suspended in the polymeric semiconductor poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) were inkjet printed for the fabrication of thin-film transistors (TFT). The MoS2 nanosheets were treated with the surfactant trichloro(dodecyl)silane (DDTS) to functionalize the MoS2 surface and created a more stable suspension, reducing the agglomeration of MoS2 suspended in the P3HT solution. This ink formulation was inkjet printed onto the surface of thermal oxide coated, p+-Si wafers to form common-gate TFT device structures. The printed semiconductor formed the active region of a hybrid MoS2 suspension in P3HT of the TFTs. The field-effect mobility for the hybrid-ink TFTs was found to be three times (3×) higher compared to reference devices using pristine P3HT without the suspension. The functionalized MoS2 suspension was also found to form thinner nanosheet suspensions within the P3HT matrix that resulted in approximately 60% higher field-effect mobility compared to hybrid inks without the surfactant. The enhancement of the electrical properties of the TFTs was determined to be due to a structural change in the thin-film semiconductor. The observed current–voltage (I–V) changes were correlated to measurable structural alterations in the semiconductor thin film characterized by x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and UV–visible absorption spectroscopy.
On maximum left/right reflectance asymmetry exhibited by a gyrotropic dielectric slab
Authors: Mackay Tom G , Lakhtakia Akhlesh 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Gyrotropic dielectric materials, being Lorentz non-reciprocal, exhibit scientifically and technologically interesting reflection asymmetries. On numerically characterizing left/right asymmetries in linear reflectances exhibited by a gyrotropic dielectric slab, we found these asymmetries to be highly sensitive to: (i) the constitutive parameters of the gyrotropic dielectric material, (ii) the thickness of the slab, (iii) the direction of incidence, and (iv) the refractive indexes of the isotropic dielectric materials above and below the slab. In particular, left/right reflectance asymmetries increase as (i) dissipation in the gyrotropic dielectric material decreases and (ii) the anti-symmetric component of the relative permittivity dyadic of that material increases. Generally, the cross-polarized left/right reflectance asymmetry is an order of magnitude smaller than the co-polarized left/right reflectance asymmetries.
Fourier transformation based analysis routine for intermixed longitudinal and transversal hysteretic data for the example of a magnetic topological insulator
Authors: Zimmermann Erik , Schleenvoigt Michael , Rupp Alina , Behner Gerrit , Karthein Jan , Teller Justus , Schüffelgen Peter , Lüth Hans , Grützmacher Detlev , Schäpers Thomas 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We present a symmetrization routine that optimizes and eases the analysis of imperfect, experimental data featuring the anomalous Hall hysteresis. This technique can be transferred to any hysteresis with (point-)symmetric behavior. The implementation of the method is demonstrated exemplarily using intermixed longitudinal and transversal data obtained from a chromium-doped ternary topological insulator revealing a clear hysteresis. Furthermore, by introducing a mathematical description of the anomalous Hall hysteresis based on the error function precise values of the height and coercive field are determined.
Laboratory evaluation of a complex treatment technology for reducing water absorption of the pavement subbase aggregate from the blast-furnace slag
Authors: Kunaev Vyacheslav , Tavshanov Ilgar , Asanov Rakhymzhan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
When smelting each ton of pig iron, approximately 500 kg of blast-furnace slag is formed and requires recycling. Air-cooled blast-furnace slag can be used for the manufacture of slag aggregate for the pavement subbase layers, as an alternative to natural stone aggregate. The wide use of slag in this area is limited by its high water absorption. This paper proposes a complex technology to reduce water absorption of slag aggregate. This technology includes selective crushing, which allows separating low-porosity aggregate grains from high-porosity ones, and impregnation of selected low-porosity grains with hydrophobic agent (surface hydrophobization). The results of a laboratory evaluation of this technology effectiveness are presented. Article also contains optimal parameters of this complex technological process which allowed to reduce the water absorption of the slag aggregate from 4.54% to 1.05%.