bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decision‐making experiences related to mastectomy: A descriptive qualitative study
Authors: Liu Jing , Chan Sally Wai‐Chi , Guo Dongmei , Lin Qin , Hunter Sharyn , Zhu Jiemin , Lee Regina Lai Tong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimTo obtain an in‐depth understanding of women's decision‐making experiences related to mastectomy.DesignA descriptive qualitative interview study.MethodsIndividual semi‐structured interviews were conducted face‐to‐face with 27 Chinese women with breast cancer who underwent mastectomy at two tertiary hospitals in mainland China between September 2020 and December 2021 after obtaining the appropriate ethical approvals. Interviews were conducted in Mandarin. Data were analysed using inductive content analysis.ResultsMean age of participants was 48 years (range 31–70). Most participants had low education, low monthly family income, had a partner and health insurance, had been diagnosed with early breast cancer, and had not undergone reconstructive surgery. Six categories related to decision‐making experiences emerged: (1) Emotions affecting decision‐making, (2) Information seeking for decision‐making, (3) Beliefs about mastectomy and the breast, (4) Participation in decision‐making, (5) People who influence decision‐making, and (6) Post‐decision reflection. Participants did not mention the role of nurses in their decision‐making process for mastectomy.ConclusionsThis study adds valuable insights into the limited evidence on women's experience with decision‐making about mastectomy from a Chinese perspective, which is important given the continuing high prevalence of mastectomy in many regions. Future studies from other countries and ethnic groups are recommended to gain diverse knowledge.ImpactThe findings of this study are useful for nurses and other healthcare professionals in the multidisciplinary team to better support women with breast cancer in their decision‐making process regarding mastectomy. The findings could inform future interventions to support treatment decision‐making and may be relevant to women living in similar socio‐medical contexts to those in mainland China.Reporting MethodThe study was reported following the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
ER‐α36 is involved in calycosin inhibition of IL‐6 production in macrophages
Authors: Wu Guoli , Qi Guangying , Liu Yu , Gan Jinfeng , Xie Chichu , Wu Qi , Cui Wei , Wang Chunhua , Wang Zhaoyi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe tumour microenvironment (TME) is crucial for tumour development and progression. Tumour‐associated macrophages (TAMs) in the TME can promote tumour progression and metastasis by releasing cytokines, such as IL‐6. Calycosin, a phytoestrogen that is one of the active compounds in Radix Astragali, has been shown to inhibit tumour growth and metastasis. However, the underlying mechanism by which calycosin inhibits tumour growth remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of calycosin on IL‐6 production in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)‐ and THP‐1‐derived macrophages and explore its potential mechanisms using co‐immunoprecipitation, western blotting, immunofluorescence, chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase assays. We found that calycosin treatment substantially upregulated the expression of ER‐α36, a variant of the ER, and reduced IL‐6 production in macrophages. Mechanistically, ER‐α36 physically interacted with NF‐κBp65 and retained p65 in the cytoplasm to attenuate NF‐κB function as an IL‐6 transcriptional inducer. In conclusion, our result indicated that calycosin inhibited IL‐6 production by enhancing ER‐α36 expression and its interaction with p65, which attenuated NF‐κB function as an IL‐6 inducer. Therefore, calycosin can be developed as an effective agent for cancer therapy by targeting TAMs.
Supplementary description and ontogenetic variability of Coryphaenoides affinis: rediscovery of the species after 145 years since its original description (Teleostei: Gadiformes: Macrouridae)
Authors: Prokofiev Artem M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA large adult (138 mm head length) of the grenadier genus Coryphaenoides is described. It is identified as C. affinis hitherto known only from two juvenile type specimens collected by HMS Challenger off Uruguay in 1876. The diagnosis of the species is revised to include the discovery of considerable ontogenetic changes in squamation. Spinulation on the body scales are reduced or lost with size, while the armament of the head scales become amplified. The larger of the syntype specimens is designated as the lectotype. All three known specimens of C. affinis were collected in the southwestern Atlantic at depths between 3500 and 4000 m. A key for identification for the species of the subgenus Nematonurus is provided.
Geriatric assessment‐derived deficit accumulation and patient‐reported treatment burden in older adults with bladder cancer
Authors: Garg Tullika , Frank Katie , Johns Alicia , Rabinowitz Kirstin , Danella John F. , Kirchner H. Lester , Nielsen Matthew E. , McMullen Carmit K. , Murphy Terrence E. , Cohen Harvey J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundWhen a person's workload of healthcare exceeds their resources, they experience treatment burden. At the intersection of cancer and aging, little is known about treatment burden. We evaluated the association between a geriatric assessment‐derived Deficit Accumulation Index (DAI) and patient‐reported treatment burden in older adults with early‐stage, non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional survey of older adults with NMIBC (≥65 years). We calculated DAI using the Cancer and Aging Research Group's geriatric assessment and measured urinary symptoms using the Urogenital Distress Inventory‐6 (UDI‐6). The primary outcome was Treatment Burden Questionnaire (TBQ) score. A negative binomial regression with LASSO penalty was used to model TBQ. We further conducted qualitative thematic content analysis of responses to an open‐ended survey question (“What has been your Greatest Challenge in managing medical care for your bladder cancer”) and created a joint display with illustrative quotes by DAI category.ResultsAmong 119 patients, mean age was 78.9 years (SD 7) of whom 56.3% were robust, 30.3% pre‐frail, and 13.4% frail. In the multivariable model, DAI and UDI‐6 were significantly associated with TBQ. Individuals with DAI above the median (>0.18) had TBQ scores 1.94 times greater than those below (adjusted IRR 1.94, 95% CI 1.33–2.82). Individuals with UDI‐6 greater than the median (25) had TBQ scores 1.7 times greater than those below (adjusted IRR 1.70, 95% CI 1.16–2.49). The top 5 themes in the Greatest Challenge question responses were cancer treatments (22.2%), cancer worry (19.2%), urination bother (18.2%), self‐management (18.2%), and appointment time (11.1%).ConclusionsDAI and worsening urinary symptoms were associated with higher treatment burden in older adults with NMIBC. These data highlight the need for a holistic approach that reconciles the burden from aging‐related conditions with that resulting from cancer treatment.
Trade‐offs between the accumulation of cuticular wax and jasmonic acid‐mediated herbivory resistance in maize
Authors: Liu Jiong , Li Lu , Xiong Zhilong , Robert Christelle A.M. , Li Baozhu , He Shan , Chen Wenjie , Bi Jiasheng , Zhai Guanqing , Guo Siyi , Zhang Hui , Li Jieping , Zhou Shutang , Zhang Xi , Song Chun‐Peng 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTPlants have evolved complex physical and chemical defense systems that allow them to withstand herbivory infestation. Composed of a complex mixture of very‐long‐chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) and their derivatives, cuticular wax constitutes the first physical line of defense against herbivores. Here, we report the function of Glossy 8 (ZmGL8), which encodes a 3‐ketoacyl reductase belonging to the fatty acid elongase complex, in orchestrating wax production and jasmonic acid (JA)‐mediated defenses against herbivores in maize (Zea mays). The mutation of GL8 enhanced chemical defenses by activating the JA‐dependent pathway. We observed a trade‐off between wax accumulation and JA levels across maize glossy mutants and 24 globally collected maize inbred lines. In addition, we demonstrated that mutants defective in cuticular wax biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana and maize exhibit enhanced chemical defenses. Comprehensive transcriptomic and lipidomic analyses indicated that the gl8 mutant confers chemical resistance to herbivores by remodeling VLCFA‐related lipid metabolism and subsequent JA biosynthesis and signaling. These results suggest that VLCFA‐related lipid metabolism has a critical role in regulating the trade‐offs between cuticular wax and JA‐mediated chemical defenses.
Post‐translational modification by the Pgf glycosylation machinery modulates Streptococcus mutans OMZ175 physiology and virulence
Authors: de Mojana di Cologna Nicholas , Andresen Silke , Samaddar Sandip , Archer‐Hartmann Stephanie , Rogers Ashley Marie , Kajfasz Jessica K. , Ganguly Tridib , Garcia Bruna A. , Saengpet Irene , Peterson Alexandra M. , Azadi Parastoo , Szymanski Christine M. , Lemos José A. , Abranches Jacqueline 
Published: November 2023

AbstractStreptococcus mutans is commonly associated with dental caries and the ability to form biofilms is essential for its pathogenicity. We recently identified the Pgf glycosylation machinery of S. mutans, responsible for the post‐translational modification of the surface‐associated adhesins Cnm and WapA. Since the four‐gene pgf operon (pgfS‐pgfM1‐pgfE‐pgfM2) is part of the S. mutans core genome, we hypothesized that the scope of the Pgf system goes beyond Cnm and WapA glycosylation. In silico analyses and tunicamycin sensitivity assays suggested a functional overlap between the Pgf machinery and the rhamnose‐glucose polysaccharide synthesis pathway. Phenotypic characterization of pgf mutants (ΔpgfS, ΔpgfE, ΔpgfM1, ΔpgfM2, and Δpgf) revealed that the Pgf system is important for biofilm formation, surface charge, membrane stability, and survival in human saliva. Moreover, deletion of the entire pgf operon (Δpgf strain) resulted in significantly impaired colonization in a rat oral colonization model. Using Cnm as a model, we showed that Cnm is heavily modified with N‐acetyl hexosamines but it becomes heavily phosphorylated with the inactivation of the PgfS glycosyltransferase, suggesting a crosstalk between these two post‐translational modification mechanisms. Our results revealed that the Pgf machinery contributes to multiple aspects of S. mutans pathobiology that may go beyond Cnm and WapA glycosylation.
CRISPR‐based editing of the ω‐ and γ‐gliadin gene clusters reduces wheat immunoreactivity without affecting grain protein quality
Authors: Yu Zitong , Yunusbaev Ural , Fritz Allan , Tilley Michael , Akhunova Alina , Trick Harold , Akhunov Eduard 
Published: November 2023

SummaryWheat immunotoxicity is associated with abnormal reaction to gluten‐derived peptides. Attempts to reduce immunotoxicity using breeding and biotechnology often affect dough quality. Here, the multiplexed CRISPR‐Cas9 editing of cultivar Fielder was used to modify gluten‐encoding genes, specifically focusing on ω‐ and γ‐gliadin gene copies, which were identified to be abundant in immunoreactive peptides based on the analysis of wheat genomes assembled using the long‐read sequencing technologies. The whole‐genome sequencing of an edited line showed mutation or deletion of nearly all ω‐gliadin and half of the γ‐gliadin gene copies and confirmed the lack of editing in the α/β‐gliadin genes. The estimated 75% and 64% reduction in ω‐ and γ‐gliadin content, respectively, had no negative impact on the end‐use quality characteristics of grain protein and dough. A 47‐fold immunoreactivity reduction compared to a non‐edited line was demonstrated using antibodies against immunotoxic peptides. Our results indicate that the targeted CRISPR‐based modification of the ω‐ and γ‐gliadin gene copies determined to be abundant in immunoreactive peptides by analysing high‐quality genome assemblies is an effective mean for reducing immunotoxicity of wheat cultivars while minimizing the impact of editing on protein quality.
Single‐cell profiling of MC1R‐inhibited melanocytes
Authors: Berns H. Matthew , Watkins‐Chow Dawn E. , Lu Sizhu , Louphrasitthiphol Pakavarin , Zhang Tongwu , Brown Kevin M. , Moura‐Alves Pedro , Goding Colin R. , Pavan William J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe human red hair color (RHC) trait is caused by increased pheomelanin (red‐yellow) and reduced eumelanin (black‐brown) pigment in skin and hair due to diminished melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) function. In addition, individuals harboring the RHC trait are predisposed to melanoma development. While MC1R variants have been established as causative of RHC and are a well‐defined risk factor for melanoma, it remains unclear mechanistically why decreased MC1R signaling alters pigmentation and increases melanoma susceptibility. Here, we use single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) of melanocytes isolated from RHC mouse models to define a MC1R‐inhibited Gene Signature (MiGS) comprising a large set of previously unidentified genes which may be implicated in melanogenesis and oncogenic transformation. We show that one of the candidate MiGS genes, TBX3, a well‐known anti‐senescence transcription factor implicated in melanoma progression, binds both E‐box and T‐box elements to regulate genes associated with melanogenesis and senescence bypass. Our results provide key insights into further mechanisms by which melanocytes with reduced MC1R signaling may regulate pigmentation and offer new candidates of study toward understanding how individuals with the RHC phenotype are predisposed to melanoma.
Global existence and the time decay estimates of solutions to the compressible quantum Navier–Stokes–Maxwell system in R3$\mathbb {R}^3$
Authors: Tong Leilei , Luo Miao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe consider the Cauchy problem of the compressible quantum Navier–Stokes–Maxwell equations with the linear damping in the isentropic case under the small perturbation of the constant equilibrium state in three dimensions. Based on the refined energy method, we establish the classical solution globally in time in Sobolev space. By the combination of the energy estimates with the interpolation between the positive Sobolev norms and the negative Sobolev norms with , we also obtain the algebraic decay rates of the classical solution. What is more, the –L2types of the time decay rates of the solution are obtained without small assumption on the initial data inL1 norm.
Gerald Ford: A minority legislator promoting New Right Lite
Authors: Gritter Matthew 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionAs President Gerald Ford drew on his experience as House minority leader to promote what can be characterized New Right Lite. New Right Lite rejects both the increasing conservatism of the Republican Party after 1964 and the continued creation of large federal programs favored by Democrats.MethodUsing both primary and secondary sources, I seek to explore the way President Ford formulated public policy.ResultsPresident Ford used both flexibility and negotiation and a veto strategy as president, reflecting the minority strategy of stopping the expansion of government.ConclusionI argue that President Ford used the leverage of vetoes to accomplish his goals of lesser federal spending and domestic policies that promoted traditional conservative ideals such as federalism while also fashioning alternative policies.
Analysis of Single-Blade Passage and Full Circumference Large-Eddy Simulations of Turbine Rim Seal Flows
Authors: Hösgen Thomas , Meinke Matthias , Schröder Wolfgang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The flow in a 1.5-stage axial flow turbine with 16 vanes and 32 blades is investigated by large-eddy simulations with special focus on the analysis of the hot gas ingress through the rim seal into the upstream wheel space. Two setups with different solution domains are used. In the first large-eddy simulation, the full circumference of the turbine is resolved on a mesh with approximately 1 billion mesh cells. The second setup includes only a single-blade passage and is solved on a mesh with approximately 75 million cells. The analysis shows that the flow fields inside the upstream wheel space, i.e., between the disk of the upstream stator and the rotor disk strongly differ. In the 360 deg domain, two large-scale rotating vortex structures are observed, which have a strong impact on the ingress of main annulus gas into the wheel space. These structures cannot be captured in the single-blade passage domain. The instantaneous flow fields are further analyzed by dynamic mode decomposition to determine similarities and differences in the two flow fields. The comparison of the modes from the two setups reveals that the hot gas ingress from modes at the blade passing frequency generates a reduced sealing efficiency only at the outer radius of the wheel space. The additional presence of large-scale modes, however, reduce the sealing efficiency also in the inner wheel space. These results suggest that a single-blade passage simulation cannot be used for a reliable prediction of the hot gas ingress for the investigated turbine setup and operating condition.
Improving the Performance of a Hierarchical Traffic Flow Control Framework Using Lyapunov-Based Switched Newton Extremum Seeking
Authors: Karimi Shahri Pouria , HomChaudhuri Baisravan , Ghaffari Azad , Ghasemi Amir H. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The primary aim of this research paper is to enhance the effectiveness of a two-level infrastructure-based control framework utilized for traffic management in expansive networks. The lower-level controller adjusts vehicle velocities to achieve the desired density determined by the upper-level controller. The upper-level controller employs a novel Lyapunov-based switched Newton extremum seeking control approach to ascertain the optimal vehicle density in congested cells where downstream bottlenecks are unknown, even in the presence of disturbances in the model. Unlike gradient-based approaches, the Newton algorithm eliminates the need for the unknown Hessian matrix, allowing for user-assignable convergence rates. The Lyapunov-based switched approach also ensures asymptotic convergence to the optimal set point. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach, combining Newton’s method with user-assignable convergence rates and a Lyapunov-based switch, outperforms gradient-based extremum seeking in the hierarchical control framework.
Non-Destructive Pressure Pulse Examination for Fatigue Crack Detection in Hydraulic Components
Authors: Michiels Lukas , Geimer Marcus 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The growth of fatigue cracks in hydraulic components limits their lifetime. In consequence, many components are oversized for their operating life to prevent crack growth and premature component failures. As an alternative, condition monitoring prevents machine downtime by closely monitoring the components’ state of life. However, due to the harsh operating conditions of hydraulic components, detecting fatigue cracks is difficult. We propose a new approach for non-destructive crack detection that employs a pressure pulse with a high drop rate while measuring the component’s deformation. The oil has to flow out for a fatigue crack to close, which delays the closing of the crack. In consequence, an existing crack causes an offset between the load pressure and the mechanical strain. The offset is measured in order to detect possible cracks. We demonstrate the approach on a test specimen with single-grid linear strain gauges. In our experiments, the offset reached up to 5%. The magnitude of the offset increases with the crack length and can be used as an indicator or threshold in condition monitoring. In addition to a possible online assessment, the proposed approach can be utilized on test rigs as an inspection method or for trial runs.
Comparison of Airborne Sound Quality Between Digital Displacement® & Traditional Axial Piston Pumps
Authors: Melling Jonathan , Johnston Nigel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Digital Displacement® Pump (DDP) is a variable displacement radial piston pump, driven by a central crankshaft, wherein each cylinder can be independently controlled. With each crank rotation a given cylinder may idle, operate a full pumping stroke or operate a partial stroke. Variable displacement is achieved by utilising one of, or a combination of, these control options. The fundamental design differences between DDP and traditional axial piston pump determine different mechanical and fluid forcing is generated, producing a distinctly different Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH) characteristic. DDP is the first major disruptor in the field of hydraulic pumps and as such the difference in human perception should be addressed and understood.
This paper presents a comparison of the airborne noise radiated from DDP096 and two axial piston pumps, in a semi-anechoic chamber and on two identical 20-tonne excavators. The test chamber data shows that across a wide range of speeds and pressures, DDP is on average 3.5 dB quieter than a comparable axial piston pump. Coupled with a significant reduction in Prominence Ratio, DDP has on average a 12% better Articulation Index, whilst the transient nature of a radial piston pump shows detriment in other psychoacoustic metrics. The observed trends are also apparent when pumps are compared on working excavators.
Total Efficiency Prediction of Crescent-Type Internal Gear Pump Considering Floating Balancing Components
Authors: Pan Dinghao , Vacca Andrea 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This work presents a model-based study of crescent-type internal gear pump total efficiency, the measure between the output and input energy of the machine. The proposed numerical approach couples a lumped parameter simulation of the fluid pressure within the inter-teeth volumes, a CFD simulation of the lubricating interfaces, and a simulation of the micromotions of the pressure-compensating components. This paper’s simulation tool developed in C++ constitutes the software Multics’ simulation core for internal gear pumps. The total efficiency predictions from the model show consistency with the measurements performed on a reference commercial unit. Minor discrepancies can be explained with an underprediction of the contact friction within the lateral films. The study also provides a breakdown of the sources of energy loss within the reference internal gear pump, from where the lateral lubricating films exhibit the most power losses. The ring gear bearing film also presents substantial mechanical losses, and the volumetric losses become increasingly important with a higher temperature.