bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Un anthropologue du XXe siècle face à la diversité de genre et de sexualité
Authors: Broqua Christophe 
Published: January 2024

Pierre Clastres (1934-1977), anthropologue français de renom, a consacré l’essentiel de ses recherches à des populations « indiennes » du Paraguay. Surtout connu pour avoir proposé une théorie originale — et souvent contestée — du pouvoir non étatique, il a aussi consacré deux textes beaucoup moins remarqués à certaines formes d’inversion de genre. Parus en 1966 et 1972, avant l’essor des études anthropologiques sur l’« homosexualité » dans les pays non occidentaux (dans les années 1980), ces textes pionniers apportent des connaissances précieuses sur la diversité de genre et de sexualité. Chez les Guayaki, où l’on observe une séparation stricte des mondes masculin et féminin, deux objets incarnent cette division : l’arc (les hommes chassent) et le panier (les femmes portent). Or, Clastres décrit les situations de deux hommes porteurs de panier, qui diffèrent fortement l’une de l’autre. Parmi ses apports, cette étude invite à penser l’articulation entre genre et sexualité — dimensions trop souvent considérées séparément —, l’un des deux hommes porteurs de panier étant aussi décrit comme un kyrypy-meno (anus-faire l’amour) et accepté comme tel. Elle permet aussi de considérer la diversité de genre comme paradoxalement garante d’un ordre du genre reposant sur l’opposition entre deux catégories hiérarchisées et relativement figées.
Water deprivation-induced hypoxia and oxidative stress physiology responses in respiratory organs of the Indian stinging fish in near coastal zones
Authors: Pati Samar Gourav , Panda Falguni , Bal Abhipsa , Paital Biswaranjan , Sahoo Dipak Kumar 
Published: January 2024

Background
Water deprivation-induced hypoxia stress (WDIHS) has been extensively investigated in numerous fish species due to their adaptation with accessory respiratory organs to respire air but this has not been studied in Indian stinging fish Heteropneustes fossilis. Data regarding WDIHS-induced metabolism in accessory respiratory organ (ARO) and gills and its relationship with oxidative stress (OS) in respiratory organs of air-breathing fish H. fossilis, are limited. So, this study aimed to investigate the effects of WDIHS (0, 3, 6, 12, and 18 h) on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as reactive oxygen species (ROS), OS, redox regulatory enzymes, and electron transport enzymes (ETC) in ARO and gills of H. fossilis.

Methods
Fish were exposed to air for different hours (up to 18 h) against an appropriate control, and ARO and gills were sampled. The levels of oxygen saturation in the body of the fish were assessed at various intervals during exposure to air. Protein carbonylation (PC) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were used as OS markers, H2O2 as ROS marker, and various enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), along with the assessment of complex enzymes (I, II, III, and V) as well as the levels of ascorbic acid (AA) and the reduced glutathione (GSH) were quantified in both the tissues.

Results
Discriminant function analyses indicate a clear separation of the variables as a function of the studied parameters. The gills exhibited higher levels of GSH and H2O2 compared to ARO, while ARO showed elevated levels of PC, TBARS, AA, SOD, CAT, and GPx activities compared to the gills. The activities of GR and ETC enzymes exhibited similar levels in both the respiratory organs, namely the gills, and ARO. These organs experienced OS due to increased H2O2, TBARS, and PC levels, as observed during WDIHS. Under WDIHS conditions, the activity/level of CAT, GPx, GR, and GSH decreased in ARO, while SOD activity, along with GR, GSH, and AA levels decreased in gills. However, the activity/level of SOD and AA in ARO and CAT in gills was elevated under WDIHS. Complex II exhibited a positive correlation with WDIHS, while the other ETC enzymes (complex I, III, and V) activities had negative correlations with the WDIHS.

Discussion
The finding suggests that ARO is more susceptible to OS than gills under WDIHS. Despite both organs employ distinct redox regulatory systems to counteract this stress, their effectiveness is hampered by the inadequacy of small redox regulatory molecules and the compromised activity of the ETC, impeding their ability to effectively alleviate the stress induced by the water-deprivation condition.
Reducing joint destruction due to septic arthrosis using an adenosine2A receptor agonist
Authors: Cohen Steven B. , Gill Sanjitpal S. , Baer Geoffrey S. , Leo Brian M. , Scheld W. Michael , Diduch David R. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractWe assessed the efficacy of a new adenosine A2A agonist ATL146e, a potent inhibitor of white blood cell chemotaxis, to reduce cartilage damage in the treatment of septic arthrosis. A live septic arthrosis model was created using Staphylococcus aureus in rabbit knees. Animals were divided into five treatment groups: (1) untreated infected control, (2) antibiotics control, and antibiotics plus ATL146e for (3) 24, (4) 48, or (5) 72 h and assessed at 1, 4, and 7 days.Knees in all ATL146e treated animals exhibited no detectable effusion, and histologic examination revealed near normal cartilage and diminished synovial inflammatory response. Synovial WBC counts decreased with the addition of ATL146e when compared to infected and antibiotic controls. Histologic grading of osteochondral specimens demonstrated improved scores for animals treated with ATL146e compared to infected (p < 0.00004) and antibiotics controls (p < 0.05). Analysis of glycosaminoglycan content revealed significantly decreased loss of articular cartilage following infection in the ATL146e groups when compared to infected (p < 0.03) and antibiotics controls (p < 0.05).Addition of an adenosine A2A agonist to antibiotic therapy decreases joint inflammation and articular cartilage destruction without compromising bacterial clearance in rabbit knees following intraarticular bacterial infection. The use of adenosine agonists selective to the A2A receptor to augment conventional treatment of joint sepsis may be chondroprotective and ultimately help prevent arthrosis. © 2003 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Cervical ripening with oral misoprostol at term
Authors: Beigi A. , Kabiri M. , Zarrinkoub F. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractObjectives: To determine the efficacy of 200 μg single dose oral misoprostol as a cervical priming agent at term. Methods: In this double‐blind randomized trial, 156 pregnant women requiring induction of labor with gestational age of 37–42 weeks and Bishop score ≤5, were randomized to receive either 200 μg of misoprostol or a placebo, orally. Labor was induced with intravenous oxytocin infusion 12 h after oral medication if the patient did not go into labor. The primary outcome was the change in the Bishop score 12 h after oral medication. The secondary outcomes were the timings starting from the drug administration to the onset of uterine activity, interval between oral medication and delivery, oxytocin need for induction, mode of delivery, frequency of side effects, and neonatal and maternal outcome. The chi‐square or Fisher exact test, Student's t‐test, and Mann–Whitney U‐test were used for analysis of the data. Results: There were no significant differences in maternal characteristics or indications of induction. The Bishop score 12 h after oral medication significantly improved in the misoprostol group compared with the control group [55 (70%)>8 vs. 4 (5%)>8; P<0.001]. The induction rate was significantly reduced in the misoprostol group (P<0.001). The interval between oral medication and the onset of uterine activity was significantly shorter in the misoprostol group (P<0.001). The interval between oral medication and delivery was also significantly shorter in the misoprostol group (P<0.001). The cesarean delivery rate was significantly lower in the misoprostol group (P<0.001). There were no differences between the groups with respect to the incidence of tachysystole, hyperstimulation, adverse neonatal or maternal outcome. Conclusions: Oral administration of 200 μg single dose of misoprostol is an effective agent not only for cervical priming but also for induction of labor at term. Furthermore, it reduces the rate of cesarean deliveries.
Modelling the effect of swimbladder compression on the acoustic backscattering from herring at normal or near-normal dorsal incidences
Authors: Gorska Natalia , Ona Egil 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
Inaccuracy in herring target strength can be an important source of bias in the acoustic assessment of several important herring stocks. New acoustic data on herring target strength (Ona et al., 2001, submitted for publication; Ona, 2003) confirm previous suggestions and evidence on a possible reduction of the size of the herring swimbladder as a result of its compression with increasing water depth. Theoretical work for a better understanding of the acoustic scattering from herring over its entire depth distribution may therefore be essential for improving abundance estimation. This study supplements the analysis, conducted by Gorska and Ona (2003) for herring averaged-backscattering cross-section. The modal-based, deformed-cylinder model (MB-DCM) solutions, presented in that paper, are used. The sensitivity of the herring backscattering cross-section in case of normal or near-normal dorsal incidences is studied with respect to frequency, contraction factors of the swimbladder dimensions and some fish morphological parameters. The study is important for a better understanding of not only the backscattering by individual fish for the dorsal incidence, but also the depth- and frequency-dependencies of the mean-backscattering cross-section. The theoretical results have been applied in the interpretation of the actual measured target-strength data on adult herring.
Ab initio reconstruction of metabolic pathways
Authors: Boyer Frédéric , Viari Alain 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
We propose a new formulation for the problem of ab initio metabolic pathway reconstruction. Given a set of biochemical reactions together with their substrates and products, we consider the reactions as transfers of atoms between the chemical compounds and we look for successions of reactions transferring a maximal (or preset) number of atoms between a given source and sink compound. We state this problem as the one of finding a composition of partial injections that maximizes the image size. First, we study the theoretical complexity of this problem, state some related problems and then give a practical algorithm to solve them. Finally, we present two applications of this approach to the reconstruction of the tryptophan biosynthesis pathway and to the glycolysis.
Contact: alain.viari@inrialpes.fr
*To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Exploring potential target genes of signaling pathways by
predicting conserved transcription factor binding sites
Authors: Dieterich C. , Herwig R. , Vingron M. 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
Many cellular signaling pathways induce gene expression by activating specific transcription factor complexes. Conventional approaches to the prediction of transcription factor binding sites lead to a notoriously high number of false discoveries. To alleviate this problem, we consider only binding sites that are conserved in man-mouse genomic sequence comparisons. We employ two alternative methods for predicting binding sites: exact matches to validated binding site sequences and weight matrix scans. We then ask the question whether there is a characteristic association between a transcription factor or set thereof to a particular group of genes. Our approach is tested on genes, which are induced in dendritic cells in response to the cells’ exposure to LPS. We chose this example because the underlying signaling pathways are well understood. We demonstrate the benefit of conserved predicted binding sites in interpreting the LPS experiment. Additionally, we find that both methods for the prediction of conserved binding sites complement one another. Finally, our results suggest a distinct role for SRF in the context of LPS-induced gene expression.
Contact: christoph.dieterich@molgen.mpg.de
*To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Probabilistic models for identifying regulation networks
Authors: Friedman Nir 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
Microarray-based hybridization methods techniques allow to simultaneously measure the expression level for thousands of genes. Such measurements contain information about many different aspects of gene regulation and function, and indeed this type of experiments has become a central tool in biological research. A major computational challenge is finding ways to extract new biological understanding from this wealth of data. Our goal is to uncover the causal structure of the interactions between genes, with the aim of understanding the regulatory processes that bring about the observed expression patterns. I will argue that one way of addressing this question is a Bayesian framework, where we treat the measured expression level of each gene as a random variable and each regulatory interaction as a probabilistic dependency between such variables. In my talk, I will describe an ongoing project to use Bayesian networks and extensions of them to model such dependencies.
In the talk I will explain the basic foundations of the approach, the possible choices in defining the modeling language, the methods we use to learn models from data, and finally how we interpret the learned models. This latter stage includes validation against known biology, and constructing new hypotheses about the role of unknown genes.
I will present a progression of models that capture different aspect of gene regulation, and an assessment of their performance on several large scale yeast gene expression experiments.
This is joint work with Dana Pe’er, Iftach Nachman, Aviv Regev, Gal Elidan, Eran Segel, Micha Shapira, David Botstein, and Daphne Koller.
Contact: nir@cs.huji.ac.il. http://www.cs.huji.ac.il/~nir
MCMC genome rearrangement
Authors: Miklós István 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
Motivation: As more and more genomes have been sequenced, genomic data is rapidly accumulating. Genome-wide mutations are believed more neutral than local mutations such as substitutions, insertions and deletions, therefore phylogenetic investigations based on inversions, transpositions and inverted transpositions are less biased by the hypothesis on neutral evolution. Although efficient algorithms exist for obtaining the inversion distance of two signed permutations, there is no reliable algorithm when both inversions and transpositions are considered. Moreover, different type of mutations happen with different rates, and it is not clear how to weight them in a distance based approach.
Results: We introduce a Markov Chain Monte Carlo method to genome rearrangement based on a stochastic model of evolution, which can estimate the number of different evolutionary events needed to sort a signed permutation. The performance of the method was tested on simulated data, and the estimated numbers of different types of mutations were reliable. Human and Drosophila mitochondrial data were also analysed with the new method. The mixing time of the Markov Chain is short both in terms of CPU times and number of proposals.
Availability: The source code in C is available on request from the author.
Contact: miklos@stats.ox.ac.uk
Reconstructing tumor genome architectures
Authors: Raphael Benjamin J. , Volik Stanislav , Collins Colin , Pevzner Pavel A. 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
Although cancer progression is often associated with genome rearrangements, little is known about the detailed genomic architecture of tumor genomes. The attempt to reconstruct the genomic organization of a tumor genome recently resulted in the development of the End Sequence Profiling (ESP) technique, and the application of this technique to human MCF7 tumor cells. We formulate the ESP Genome Reconstruction Problem, and develop an algorithm to solve this problem in the case of sparse ESP data. We apply our algorithm to analyze human MCF7 tumor cells, and obtain the first reconstruction of the putative architecture of human MCF7 tumor genome. Our results assist in the ongoing ESP analysis of MCF7 tumors by suggesting additional ESP experiments for the completion of a reliable reconstruction of the MCF7 tumor genome, and by focusing BAC re-sequencing efforts.
Contact: braphael@ucsd.edu
*To whom correspondence should be addressed.
The proteome and the metabolome
Authors: Thornton Janet 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
High throughput technology is having an immense impact on biological research and one of the major challenges today is to use all this information to understand the complex network of interactions in the cell. Not only have we seen an exponential growth in genomic sequence data, but with the advent of transcriptome and proteome technologies—in combination with structural genomics and combinatorial chemistry—the flood of new data is currently overwhelming and will only increase. In biology the sequence and structure databases (to say nothing of the small molecule data) have traditionally been separate projects—certainly within the public sector. Databases for the transcriptome and proteome data are only just coming on line. Functional data has traditionally not been captured computationally, although pathway databases are now becoming increasingly important. In this presentation I will look towards future prospects in linking bioinformatics and chemoinformatics. I will describe in detail some current work at EBI on the different worlds of the ‘proteome’ and the metabolome. It is interesting to overview the full complement of small molecules in a cell and how this reflects the metabolic enzymes. The complement of metabolic enzymes in different species will be discussed and their evolution considered.
Contact: thornton@ebi.ac.ukhttp://www.ebi.ac.uk/Information/Staff/janet.html
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation enhances fracture healing: Results of an animal model
Authors: Park Sang‐Hyun , Silva Mauricio 
Published: October 2003

AbstractNeuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) could simulate physiological muscle functions known to be associated with the normal bone healing process. The object of the present study was to evaluate the effect of NMES on fracture healing, using an animal model. Thirty rabbits received unilateral, transverse, mid‐tibial, 3‐mm gapped osteotomies that were stabilized with double‐bar external fixators. The femoral vein was ligated to induce venous stasis. From the fourth post‐operative day, the study group was treated with 1 h daily of NMES for four weeks, while the control group was treated without NMES. For NMES, two surface electrodes were used: one above the patellar tendon and another around the lateral thigh. Callus area and mineral content at the osteotomy gap were measured, biweekly, using computerized tomographic examinations. Biomechanical properties of healing were evaluated with a torsion test, eight weeks after the index operation. Osteotomies treated with NMES exhibited 31% (p = 0.01) higher mineral content and 27% (p = 0.009) larger callus area than control osteotomies at eight weeks. The maximum torque, torsional stiffness, angular displacement at maximum torque, and energy required to failure of specimens in the study group were 62% (p = 0.006), 29% (p = 0.03), 34.6% (p = 0.008), and 124% (p < 0.0001) higher, respectively, than those in the control group at eight weeks. The results of the present study demonstrated that the use of NMES can enhance callus development and mineralization, with the consequent improvement in biomechanical properties of the healing bone. © 2003 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Ultrasound measurement of fetal size in rural Guatemala
Authors: Neufeld L.M. , Haas J.D. , Grajeda R. , Martorell R. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractObjectives: To describe the fetal growth pattern of a population from rural Guatemala and determine when during gestation growth faltering becomes evident. Methods: Ultrasound examinations were conducted for 319 women. Femur length (FL), biparietal diameter (BPD), abdominal (AC) and head circumference (HC) were compared with reference values. Results: FL and AC were similar to reference values throughout gestation. BPD and HC were below the 50th percentile by 30 weeks’ gestation and below the 10th percentile later in gestation. We expected all four dimensions to show marked growth restriction during gestation. Measurement differences may explain the results but would call into question the value of cross‐study comparisons. Infants born small for gestational age were small in all measures as early as 15 weeks. Conclusions: Fetal growth faltering begins in early gestation among infants who were born small. The lack of deviation from reference data for FL and AC requires further clarification.
A pilot tagging experiment on European hake (Merluccius merluccius): methodology and preliminary results
Authors: de Pontual Hélène , Bertignac Michel , Battaglia André , Bavouzet Gérard , Moguedet Philippe , Groison Anne-Laure 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
European hake (Merluccius merluccius) were caught alive in the northern Bay of Biscay in June/July 2002, using a codend specially designed to avoid crushing fish and also to retain water while hauling the trawl. In all, 1307 fish were tagged with anchor T-bar tags, injected with tetracycline, then released. The length range of the tagged and marked fish varied from 13 to 58 cm, and the modal size was 28 cm, at which length they were assumed to be 2–3 years old. A mean survival rate of 68.2% was estimated. Mortality was mainly caused by stress of capture and physical damage, and depended on the size of the catch and the depth of trawling. By the end of March 2003, 32 fish and three tags had been returned to the laboratory (a 2.7% return rate), the recapture data indicating that the probability of survival after release does not depend on catch depth or depth at location of release. For combined sexes, the somatic growth rate was estimated at 0.033 ± 0.019 cm day−1 (n=15). Males and females did not differ significantly in somatic growth rate, which were, respectively, 0.028±0.018 (n=6) and 0.033 ± 0.012 cm day−1 (n=6). This pilot experiment represents the first recorded mass tagging of European hake, which is known to be a very fragile species. The preliminary results indicate that it would be possible to carry out a large-scale tagging experiment of the European stocks in order to improve assessment and subsequent management decisions.