bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consideraciones historiográficas sobre el papel de la costa onubense en la carrera de Indias. Paralelismos entre dos élites navales próximas a los duques de Medina Sidonia: los Chaves Galindo en Sevilla y los Garrocho en Huelva
Authors: Valencia Solano Guillermo 
Published: December 2023

Tras repasar la historiografía más relevante sobre la Carrera de Indias el trabajo se centra en tres aspectos: por una parte, las nuevas aportaciones que estudian los fenómenos referentes a la venalidad, el fraude, la corrupción y los conflictos, tanto jurisdiccionales como de violencia ordinaria, generados por la propia dinámica de la Carrera; en segundo lugar, la cuestión del ascenso económico y social de ciertas élites navales y la red de influencias que lo hacían posible generadas en ese contexto; por último, el repaso a algunos trabajos recientes que recogen diversas cuestiones sobre la relación de Huelva con la Carrera de Indias que deberán seguir siendo profundizadas.
A partir de alguno de estos trabajos, y las oportunas referencias documentales, apuntamos ciertos paralelismos evidentes en la evolución militar y socio-económica, a lo largo de buena parte de los siglos XVI-XVII, de dos importantes clanes familiares –élites navales locales- generados en el influyente entorno de los duques de Medina Sidonia y su relación con la Carrera de Indias, la Casa de Contratación y la Capitanía General de la Mar Océano y Costas de Andalucía: el clan sevillano de los Chaves Galindo Abreu y el de los Garrocho, los conocidos “cazadores de piratas” de Huelva.
Analysis of runoff variations in an arid catchment based on multi-model ensemble- a case study in the Tarim River Basin in Central Asia
Authors: Gao Xiaoyu , Fang Gonghuan , Chen Yaning , Zhang Xueqi 
Published: December 2023

Runoff variation is of significant importance to the current and future water availability of a region, particularly in arid regions, and plays a crucial role in economic and social development. The Tarim River Basin, spanning an area of approximately 102 × 104 km2, is the largest inland river basin in China. Due to the basin’s extremely dry climate, water shortage is the most critical natural factor restricting socio-economic development in the region. This study focuses on analyzing the historical and future runoff changes of the four headstreams (the Kaidu, Aksu, Yarkand, and Hotan rivers) in the Tarim River Basin with historical observations and multiple-model projections. The results indicate that the runoff of the Tarim’s four headstreams showed an increasing trend during 1957–2022, with a remarkable increment of 40.70 × 108 m3, or 18% in percentage. Rising temperatures and precipitation are the main reasons for the runoff’s increase. Higher temperature accelerates the melting of glaciers, leading to enhanced recharge of meltwater, while more precipitation also boosts the increase in river runoff. Based on the modelling results from the extended SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool), the runoff in the Kaidu, Aksu, Yarkand, and Hotan rivers will remain at a high level in the near future (−2035), with an average increase of 3.2%–7.55%. In the mid 21st century (2036–2065), the runoff of the Yarkand and Hotan River originated from the Kunlun and Karakoram mountains is expected to continue increasing by around 6.25%–15.2%. Under SSP126, the tipping point of glacier melt runoff in the basin may happen by 2058, while under SSP370 and SSP585 scenarios, it may be around 2080. The timing of peak water aligns with projections in the mountainous Asia, but is later compared to the tropical Andes, Western Canada, and the Swiss Alps, whose peak water has already been reached. The results of this study can provide a scientific basis for the allocation and efficient utilization of water resources in the Tarim River Basin and offer valuable insights into the forthcoming runoff changes in mountainous regions.
Exploring the complexities of sand dune transformation: the role of anthropogenic degradation and climatic conditions
Authors: Askhat Naushabayev , Zhu Kai , Bekzat Rsymbetov , Tursunay Vassilina , Nurzikhan Seitkali , Daniyar Dosmanbetov , Yersultan Songulov , Kurmanbek Zhanymhan , Issakov Yerlan , Antal Sándor , Ujj Apolka , Dávid Lóránt Dénes 
Published: December 2023

Introduction: The sandy soils in the arid Southern Balkhash region have experienced anthropogenic degradation, leading to the formation of bare mobile sand dunes. This transformation has created significant challenges for the growth of cattle feed, particularly in areas with high economic activity. As a consequence, the socio-economic situation of the local population has been significantly worsened, and even the development of tourism has not helped. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the seasonal mobility of sand dune landforms and their hydrothermal regimes, as well as the climatic conditions of the region.Methods: To achieve the study objective, we conducted field investigations and collected data on the mobility of sand dunes, hydrothermal conditions, and climatic factors in the region. Measurements were taken during the summer months when dominant North-East, North-North-East winds prevailed, with an average frequency of 20.4–26.7 days per month and wind speeds ranging from 3.0 to 3.7 m/s, occasionally reaching up to 11.90–13.3 m/s. We also analyzed humidity, air temperature, and atmospheric precipitation levels.Results: Our findings revealed that during the summer months, a fresh-sided layer of sand actively supplied the windward part of the sand dune to the leeward one. This process occurred under very low humidity, high air temperature, and slight atmospheric precipitation conditions. Consequently, the moisture content of the surface root layer (0–20 cm) of the sand dune accumulation zone decreased to 0.2% in the middle and at the end of summer.Discussion: The observed relationship between the seasonal mobility of sand dunes and their hydrothermal regimes, along with the climatic conditions, provides valuable insights for the development of effective technologies to rehabilitate anthropogenically degraded desert sandy soils that have transformed into mobile sands. This knowledge can serve as a theoretical basis for addressing the challenges faced by cattle breeding in the region and improving the socio-economic situation of the local population.
Strong earthquake recurrence interval in the southern segment of the Red River Fault, southwestern China
Authors: Zhou Qingyun , Li Xi , Chang Yuqiao , Yu Jiang , Luo Weidong , Bai Xianfu 
Published: December 2023

Along the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, an important boundary fault, known as the Red River Fault (RRF), formed during the extrusion of mantle and lower crustal materials beneath the Tibetan Plateau. The characteristics of RRF activity are important for understanding the tectonic evolution of the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. There is less knowledge about the strong earthquake recurrence interval in the southern segment of the RRF than about its northern segment. In this study, based on the characteristics of the active tectonic landform, three paleoseismic trenches were excavated in Adipo Village north of Honghe County in the southern segment of the RRF. In these trenches, three paleoseismic events that occurred in the middle and late Holocene were identified. According to the 14C dating results, these events were constrained to 785–504 BC, 26–492 AD, and 1,415–1857 AD. The average earthquake recurrence interval was determined to be approximately 960–1,320 a.
Study on movement characteristics and numerical simulation of high-altitude rockfall in babao mountain in China
Authors: Yang Yuanxiang , Zhang Yuguang , Teng Zimeng , Liu Pin , Qiao Lan 
Published: December 2023

High-altitude rockfalls, as one of the major geological disasters in mountains, is highly concerned about the study of failure mechanisms and disaster prevention and mitigation. In August 2020, the Babaoshan cliff in Yanhe County, Guizhou collapsed and falling rocks hit agricultural vehicles on the road and damaged residents’ houses below. Based on on-site investigation, three rockfall types of tension-rotating, tension-shear-falling, compression-shear exist in the study area, and the compression-shear rockfall can conform to the chain law of rockfall. The paper used the dynamic analysis software Rocpro-3D to simulate and invert the movement characteristics and impact range of rockfall at Babaoshan cliff. The results show that: 1) the hazardous zone, which is about 95 m wide and 175 m long, was formed by the rockfall at R1 and covered localized roads and houses below, with the covered probability of 20%, 17% respectively; 2) the terrains on the rockfall paths in two rockfall disaster events are mainly characterized by stepped shape and overall flat angle respectively, and the behaviors are mainly characterized by ejection and rolling respectively, meanwhile, the times to reach the road and houses were 17 s and 24.3 s, respectively, in addition, the protruding rock mass below the rockfall location gives the falling rock horizontal velocity and good movement space, which will make the falling rock move further away; 3) the different rockfall directions reflect different terrain combinations, simulation inversions reveal that different terrain combinations have significant control over the distance and shape of the rockfall trajectories. And, it was found that the more times a falling rock is rebounded, the greater the energy obtained; 4) the probabilities of falling rocks at H1, H2, H3 invading residential areas are respectively 8.67%, 20%, 19.33%, meanwhile invading road zone are respectively 10.67%, 15.33%, 9.33%. At least one point or several points stopped within the zone of the affected houses in the rockfall disaster event 2 in three prediction of the rockfall impact range, which indicates that there is a great risk that this house will continue to be affected by disasters after rockfalls occur within the steep cliff area above.
A glycoengineered therapeutic anti-HBV antibody that allows increased HBsAg immunoclearance improves HBV suppression in vivo
Authors: You Min , Chen Fentian , Yu Chao , Chen Yuanzhi , Wang Yue , Liu Xue , Guo Xueran , Zhou Bing , Wang Xin , Zhang Boya , Fang Mujin , Zhang Tianying , Yue Ping , Wang Yingbin , Yuan Quan , Luo Wenxin 
Published: December 2023

Introduction: The effective and persistent suppression of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in patients with chronic HBV infection (CHB) is considered to be a promising approach to achieve a functional cure of hepatitis B. In our previous study, we found that the antibody E6F6 can clear HBsAg through FcγR-mediated phagocytosis, and its humanized form (huE6F6 antibody) is expected to be a new tool for the treatment of CHB. Previous studies have shown that the glycosylation of Fc segments affects the binding of antibodies to FcγR and thus affects the biological activity of antibodies in vivo.Methods: To further improve the therapeutic potential of huE6F6, in this study, we defucosylated huE6F6 (huE6F6-fuc-), preliminarily explored the developability of this molecule, and studied the therapeutic potential of this molecule and its underlying mechanism in vitro and in vivo models.Results: huE6F6-fuc- has desirable physicochemical properties. Compared with huE6F6-wt, huE6F6-fuc- administration resulted in a stronger viral clearance in vivo. Meanwhile, huE6F6-fuc- keep a similar neutralization activity and binding activity to huE6F6-wt in vitro. Immunological analyses suggested that huE6F6-fuc- exhibited enhanced binding to hCD32b and hCD16b, which mainly contributed to its enhanced therapeutic activity in vivo.Conclusions: In summary, the huE6F6-fuc- molecule that was developed in this study, which has desirable developability, can clear HBsAg more efficiently in vivo, providing a promising treatment for CHB patients. Our study provides new guidance for antibody engineering in other disease fields.
Study of the relationship between defense spending and the growth of the Russian economy, 2000–2022
Authors: Караев А.К. , Понкратов В.В. , Поздняев А.С. 
Published: December 2023

Целью исследования является изучение динамической взаимосвязи между оборонными расходами и экономическим ростом России, за период 2000–2022 гг., на основе корреляционного анализа с применением метода вейвлет-анализа, позволяющего выявить эмпирические закономерности в отношениях между расходами на оборону и ростом ВВП на душу населения, которые невозможно было бы обнаружить традиционными методами анализа временных рядов во временной области. Результаты исследования свидетельствуют о том, что: на временном уровне от 4 до 8 лет корреляция переменных почти нулевая (–0.035), что свидетельствует об отсутствии взаимовлияния переменных на этом временном уровне; на временном уровне от 2 до 4 лет корреляция переменных отрицательная (–0.351), что свидетельствует о том, что рост оборонных расходов снижает рост ВВП на душу населения и наоборот — рост ВВП на душу населения приводит к снижению роста оборонных расходов; на временных масштабах от 1 до 2 лет и от 8 до 16 лет корреляция переменных положительна (0.114 и 0.827 соответственно), что свидетельствует о том, что рост одной переменной сопровождается ростом другой переменной. В целом, положительное влияние оборонных расходов на экономику и инвестиции в оборонную отрасль и укрепление обороноспособности страны в долгосрочной перспективе будут способствовать устойчивости роста экономической деятельности.
The purpose of the study is to study the dynamic relationship between military spending and economic growth in Russia for the period 2000–2022, based on correlation analysis using the wavelet analysis method, which allows us to identify empirical patterns in the relationship between defense spending and GDP growth per capita, which would not be detectable by traditional time series analysis methods in the time domain. The results of the study indicate that: at the time level from 4 to 8 years, the correlation of the variables is almost zero (–0.035), which indicates the absence of mutual influence of the variables at this time level; at a time level from 2 to 4 years, the correlation of the variables is negative (–0.351), which indicates that an increase in defense spending reduces the growth of GDP per capita and vice versa — an increase in GDP per capita leads to a decrease in the growth of defense spending; on time scales from 1 to 2 years and from 8 to 16 years, the correlation of variables is positive, (0.114) and (0.827), respectively, which indicates that the growth of one variable is accompanied by an increase in another variable. Overall, the positive impact of defense spending on the economy and investment in the defense industry and strengthening the country's defense capabilities will contribute to the sustainability of economic growth in the long term.
Audit is the main mechanism for managing fraud risks in an organization
Authors: Морозов В.А. 
Published: December 2023

В статье исследуется механизм управления рисками мошенничества посредством оценки предполагаемой ответственности аудиторов в организации. Выявлено, что аудиторы играют решающую роль в управлении рисками мошенничества внутри организации: чувство ответственности аудиторов за выявление мошенничества; факторы, влияющие на восприятие ответственности; как ответственность влияет на работу аудитора. Применена треугольная модель ответственности (TMR) для изучения: ответственности и влияния подотчетности; типа мошенничества и аудитора на предполагаемую ответственность аудиторов за выявление мошенничества. Определено более высокое ощущение ответственности аудиторов с внешними аудиторами. Обосновано, что профессиональные обязательства и личный контроль сотрудников существенно связаны с ответственностью.
The article examines the mechanism of fraud risk management by assessing the alleged responsibility of auditors in the organization. Revealed: that auditors play a crucial role in managing fraud risks within organizations: auditors' sense of responsibility for detecting fraud; factors influencing the perception of responsibility; how responsibility affects the auditor's work. The triangular responsibility model (TMR) was applied to study: responsibility and the impact of accountability; the type of fraud and the auditor, on the alleged responsibility of auditors for detecting fraud. A higher sense of responsibility of auditors with external auditors is determined. It is proved that professional obligations and personal control of employees are significantly related to responsibility.
THE EFFECT OF JICAMA (Pachyrhizus erosus) CONCENTRATION ON THE GROWTH OF Staphylococcus aureus BACTERIA IN SOLID MEDIA
Authors: Mirawati Mega , Prasetyorini Tri , Irmadhani Fania 
Published: December 2023

Background:Synthetic media for microbial growth are expensive, thus opening the way for making bacterial growth media using local raw materials at low prices. Jicama is one of the local raw materials that can be used as natural media for the growth of microorganisms. It contains a source of carbohydrates needed for the development of microorganisms. Aims: This study aims to determine the effect of variations in the concentration of Jicama, which has the potential to grow Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Methods: This study used experimental research with the Static Group Comparison method. In this study, the experimental group Staphylococcus aureus was instilled in Jicama solid media with various concentrations (2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%) with five repetitions. The results: The results showed that the average number of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria colonies in jicama flour with a concentration of 2% was 0, a concentration of 3% was 0, a concentration of 4% was 0.8, a concentration of 5% was 1.4, and at a concentration of 6% was 2.2. The results of the Kruskal-Wallis test with a degree of confidence of 0.05 obtained a p-value = 0.000 where the p-value 0.05 so that it can be concluded that there is a significant effect of variations in the concentration of jicama flour on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Conclusions: For future researchers, it is necessary to conduct further research using higher concentrations of jicama flour and by adding other nutrients, such as animal protein, so that the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria is more optimal.
STATE INFORMATION SYSTEMS. PROBLEMATIC ISSUES OF PROVIDING DATA ON TELECOM M UNICATIONS INFRASTRUCTURE BY SUBJECTS
Authors: Антонович П.И. , Захаров А.А. , Леонов К.Н. , Пузанов А.М. 
Published: December 2023

Проведен анализ условий предоставления субъектами (ведомствами, операторами связи, другими субъектами сбора и хранения информации) данных о проводной и беспроводной телекоммуникационной инфраструктуре для их загрузки в государственные информационные системы (ИС) и информационно-аналитические системы (ИАС) на примере И С «Генеральная схема» и И АС «Реестр услуг связи». Вскрыты проблемные вопросы информационного взаимодействия и предложены пути их решения.
The analysis of the conditions for the provision by subjects (departments, telecom operators, other subjects of information collection and storage) of data on wired and wireless telecommunications infrastructure for their upload to state information systems (IS) and information and analytical systems (IAS) on the example of the IS "General Scheme" and IAS "Register of Communication Services". The problematic issues of information interaction are revealed and ways to solve them are proposed.
ANALYSIS OF THE M ECHANICAL INTERFACE OF THE FLEXIBLE PAYLOAD OF ONBOARD TRANSPONDER COMPLEXES
Authors: Титов Д.А. 
Published: December 2023

Проведен анализ механического интерфейса многоканальных сборок несущих конструкций гибкой полезной нагрузки бортовых ретрансляционных комплексов. Выполнен анализ ячеек стыковки (типовых элементов замены)с корпусом несущей конструкции и кросс-плитой.
In this article the analysis of the mechanical interface of multi-channel assemblies of load-bearing structures of flexible payload of onboard transponder complexes is presented. The analysis of docking cells (typical replacement elements) with the body of the load-bearing structure and the cross-board is carried out.
COMPENSATOR FOR INTERFERENCE TO RECEPTION OF AN ANGLE MODULATION RADIO SIGNAL, CAUSED BY AN INTERFERING RADIO SIGNAL, WITH A SMALL PROTECTION RATIO
Authors: Пустовойтов Е.Л. 
Published: December 2023

Мешающий радиосигнал на входе приемника полезного радиосигнала вызывает появление помех на выходе демодулятора приемника. Обеспечить Э М С радиосредств при фиксированной полосе используемых радиочастот можно с помощью одноканальных компенсаторов помех для заданного вида модуляции полезного радиосигнала. В статье рассмотрен предложенный автором компенсатор помех для приема радиосигналов с угловой модуляцией, отличающийся от существующих своей способностью обеспечивать высокие значения энергетического выигрыша в защитном отношении мощностей полезного и мешающего сигналов на входе приемника (порядка 20 дБ)даже в случае относительно малого отличия их уровней (порядка нескольких единиц децибел). Такой результат достигнут за счет использования информации, содержащейся в изменении амплитуды огибающей суммы полезного фазомодулированного сигнала (ФМ)и мешающего радиосигнала на входе приемника ФМ сигнала.
An interfering radio signal at the input of the receiver causes interference at the output of the receiver's demodulator. It is possible to provide EMC of radio facilities with a fixed band of used radio frequencies using single-channel compensators of radiointerferences for a given type of modulation of the useful radio signal. This article contains description of the compensator of radiointerferences for the case of phase modulated (PM) signal receiver with power of interfering signal compared with the power of the useful radiosignal. This result is achieved by using the information contained in the change in the amplitude of the envelope sum of the useful PM signal and the interfering radio signal at the input of the PM signal receiver.
البطولة المضادّة في رواية "رحلات الطّرشجيّ الحلوجيّ" لخيري شلبي
Authors: Ababneh Sami Mohammed 
Published: December 2023

الأهداف: يتناول هذا البحث مفهوم "البطولة المضادّة" (Anti Hero) وحضوره في رواية خيري شلبي "رحلات الطّرشجيّ الحلوجيّ"، ويهدف إلى الكشف عن هذا المفهوم وتشكّله روائيًّا، وما يجسّده من فكرة عميقة تكشف عن مشكلات الواقع ومحاولة تجذيرها في الوعي الإنسانيّ.
المنهجيّة: اتُبع – في البحث - منهجٌ يؤسّس المفاهيم الأساسيّة، ويستقرئ الرّواية في بعدي الرّؤية والبناء السّرديّ؛ فبُدِئَ بتوضيح مفهوم البطولة المضادّة، ثمّ تجلّياته في الرّواية العربيّة، ثمّ تحليل الرّؤية في الرّواية وأنماط بنائها السّرديّ.
النتائج: كشف البحث عن أنّ الرّواية تقدم "البطل" بصورة ضدّيّة مقلوبة تدعو إلى ضرورة تأمّلها وقراءتها قراءة تنهي حالة التّعاطف والتّعاضد مع الشّخصيّة لبنائها بناءً يولّد حسًّا نقيضًا إزاء ذلك، وتُؤْثِرُ في دفعَ القارئ إلى التّساؤل والتّشكّك حول فكرة البطولة، وهو ما قصده شلبي بحسٍّ سرديٍّ مفعم بالسّخرية. وأنّ بناءها السّرديّ بُني على أربعة أنماط: نمط قصص البيكاريسك (Picaresque) (الشّطّار)، والبناء التّاريخيّ، والسّيرة الكرنفاليّة (Carnivalization)، والسّفر والارتحال.
الخلاصة: خَلُص البحث إلى أنّ رواية "رحلات الطّرشجيّ الحلوجيّ" بُنيت على مفهوم "البطولة المضادّة"، وانعكس ذلك على خصوصيّة في نمطها السّرديّ وتنوّعه دون الالتزام بنمط سرديّ واحد.