bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of voluntary environmental protection instruments on company environmental performance
Authors: Annandale David , Morrison‐Saunders Angus , Bouma George 
Published: January 2004

AbstractIn the last decade there has been increasing emphasis on the use of voluntary environmental protection tools such as corporate environmental reporting (CER) and environmental management systems (EMSs). There has been relatively little research, however, on the impact of these tools on the actual environmental performance of companies. This paper presents the findings of a survey of 40 companies operating in Western Australia to determine the extent to which the implementation of two voluntary instruments has influenced company environmental performance. The research considered four questions: To what extent have CER and EMSs influenced the environmental performance of companies operating in Western Australia? What are the characteristics of these influences? How does the influence of EMSs on environmental performance compare to that of CER? Have other external factors concurrently influenced environmental performance?In general, most respondents indicated that EMSs had influenced environmental management practices to some extent. On the other hand, CER was seen more as a public relations exercise and had less impact on company practices compared with EMSs. Other factors that influenced environmental performance included pressure from clients, senior management, the public and regulators; corporate culture; and cost savings. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Environmental management and strategic positioning of Spanish manufacturing industries
Authors: Gago Roberto Fernández , Antolín Mariano Nieto 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThis work is based on data collected from a survey of environmental managers in 277 Spanish manufacturing industries with the objective of analysing the attitudes of companies towards the environment. The analysis determined the main indicators of these companies' environmental strategy and classified them into strategic clusters according to the accumulative or progressive scale suggested theoretically in the existing economic literature. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Determinants of social integration in the community: an exploratory analysis of personal, interpersonal and situational variables
Authors: Gracia Enrique , Herrero Juan 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThis article aims to explore the effects of personal, interpersonal, and situational variables on social integration in the community. Structural equation analyses from two‐wave panel data (N = 536) of adult participants living in an urban area showed that personal determinants (perceived stress and depressive mood), and situational determinants (undesirable life events) were statistically related to a decrease in social integration in the community. Interpersonal determinants (emotional, guidance, and instrumental support) were positively associated with an increase in social integration in the community. Implications of these and other findings are discussed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A safe place? Service users' experiences of an acute mental health ward
Authors: Wood Daniel , Pistrang Nancy 
Published: January 2004

AbstractStudies of safety in psychiatric settings have tended to focus on the experience of staff, with little consideration of the experience of service users. This qualitative study aimed to provide a detailed description of the experience of being an inpatient on a mental health ward, specifically with regard to feelings of safety and threat. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with nine patients and seven nursing staff on an acute inpatient psychiatric unit. Thematic analysis yielded 10 themes, grouped into three clusters—patient interactions, staff behaviour and attitudes, and non‐consensual treatment—that described factors impacting on feelings of safety. Patients' accounts were characterized by an overwhelming sense of vulnerability and helplessness. Staff accounts were largely consistent with patients' accounts. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Terror management and political attitudes: the influence of mortality salience on Germans' defence of the German reunification
Authors: Jonas Eva , Greenberg Jeff 
Published: January 2004

AbstractFrom the perspective of terror management theory, reminders of mortality should intensify the desire to maintain faith in one's own cultural worldview. We investigated this notion with regard to attitudes of Germans toward an important political event, the fall of the Berlin wall and German reunification. We found that when reminded of their own death, people with a supportive attitude toward the German reunification showed a more favourable evaluation of a positive essay about the fall of the Berlin wall and a more negative reaction to a critical essay than participants in the control condition. People with a more neutral attitude toward the reunification on the other hand did not show this effect. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How regulatory fit enhances motivational strength during goal pursuit
Authors: Spiegel Scott , Grant‐Pillow Heidi , Higgins E. Tory 
Published: January 2004

AbstractHiggins' (2000) theory of regulatory fit proposes that motivational strength will be enhanced when the manner in which people work toward a goal sustains (rather than disrupts) their regulatory orientation. This enhanced motivational strength in turn should improve efforts at goal attainment. In Experiment 1, predominantly promotion‐ and prevention‐focused participants were given the goal of writing a report on their leisure time, and were assigned either eagerness‐ or vigilance‐framed means to use. Promotion/eagerness and prevention/vigilance participants were about 50% more likely to turn in their reports than promotion/vigilance and prevention/eagerness participants. In Experiment 2, participants read either a promotion‐ or a prevention‐framed health message urging them to eat more fruits and vegetables, and were then asked to imagine either the benefits of compliance or the costs of non‐compliance. Promotion/benefits and prevention/costs participants subsequently ate about 20% more fruits and vegetables over the following week than promotion/costs and prevention/benefits participants. The implications of regulatory fit's enhancement of motivational strength are discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluative contrast in social comparison: the role of distinct and shared features of the self and comparison others
Authors: Broemer Philip , Diehl Michael 
Published: January 2004

AbstractSelf‐other comparisons frequently evoke contrastive reactions, especially when the comparison dimension is relevant and when people strive to maintain or preserve a positive self‐evaluation. In three studies, normal‐weight women were asked to gauge satisfaction with their body weight. In Study 1, self‐evaluation was affected by accessible distinctive information either referring to the self or to comparison others. Studies 2 and 3 tested whether the evaluative contrast observed in Study 1 is reduced when shared features receive greater weight. Consistent with the proposition that perceived similarity between self and comparison others renders assimilative reactions more likely, evaluative contrast was markedly reduced when similarities were stressed prior to the comparison process, either by suggesting that one shares certain characteristics with others unrelated to the comparison dimension or by increasing the identification with the comparison other through an intergroup contrast.. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The importance of social structure and social interaction in stereotype consensus and content: is the whole greater than the sum of its parts?
Authors: Stott Clifford , Drury John 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThis paper addresses the hypothesis derived from self‐categorization theory (SCT) that the relationship between groups and stereotyping will be affected by the social structural conditions within which group interaction occurs. A mixed design experiment (n=56) measured low‐status groups' stereotypes and preferences for conflict with a high‐status outgroup prior to and after within‐group discussion across varying social structural conditions. Over time, participants in [open] conditions consensualized around positive conceptions of the outgroup and endorsed acceptance of their own [low status] position. However, in [closed] conditions participants consensualized around positive conceptions of the ingroup, negative conceptions of the outgroup, and tended towards preferences for collective protest. It is argued that the data support S‐CT's contention that stereotyping and group processes are fundamentally interlinked and that neither can be properly understood in isolation from the dynamics of the surrounding intergroup context. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The distinction between desires and intentions
Authors: Perugini Marco , Bagozzi Richard P. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractWithin attitude theory the concepts of desires and intentions are not differentiated but are often treated as synonyms. However, we argue that there are theoretical reasons for distinguishing between desires and intentions, and we articulate three main criteria,perceived performability,action‐connectedness, andtemporal framing, that differentiate between the two constructs. Two studies are reported to test the distinction. Study 1 (n = 188) revealed that desires, compared to intentions, are less performable, are less connected to actions, and are enacted over longer time frames. Study 2 (n = 249) showed, among other things, that the perceived feasibility for actions that are desired and intended is higher than for those that are only desired, but only when the action refers to relatively short time frames (i.e. 1 week or 4 weeks vs. 4 months). The findings are discussed in the light of the distinction between intentions and desires and the role that they play in individual decision making. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Are we over‐ or under‐projecting and how much? decisive issues of methodological validity and item type
Authors: Jones Paul E. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractPertinent to the question of projective error, two methodological factors that threaten the descriptive validity of projection measures are considered in conjunction with the effects of item type (abilities vs. opinions). Study 1 examined the effect of experimental paradigm. Compared to the assumed similarity method, projection indices from the consensus method were significantly lower resulting in reduced accuracy. Study 2 focused on measurement sequence effects. Measuring group estimates before self‐ratings produced higher, but more valid projection indices. The ability‐opinion distinction was a factor common to both studies. The effect of item type on accuracy was mediated by projection: accuracy was greater on opinions because projection was stronger. For both item types, measures of projective error implied under‐projection. Whilst the degree of error rests ultimately on paradigm validity, the heuristic value of projection should remain unrealised. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
When do prototypes bias person memory? differential effects of abstraction level
Authors: Krolak‐Schwerdt Sabine 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThree experiments investigated the operation of prototypical person categories, which were either at a superordinate or at a subordinate level of abstraction, on person memory. In Experiment 1, a recognition memory experiment, subjects received person attributes describing fictional target persons, each description pertaining to one of the two abstraction levels. Distractors in the recognition test varied in degree of relatedness to a prototypical category. Distractors that were related to the corresponding category were falsely recognized, if the category was at a superordinate level, but not for a subordinate category. This revealed a significant bias in recognition toward conceptually related but nonpresented items only at the superordinate level. In Experiment 2 which used a conceptual priming procedure subjects responded faster to distractor items related to a superordinate category than to those related to a subordinate category. Experiment 3 replicated the difference between levels of abstraction when subjects' task was to recall rather than to recognize the presented attributes. The findings imply that person categories at different levels of abstraction operate differentially on person memory and restrict assumptions from prototype theory to a superordinate level. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detection of the major mutation M467T causing cystinuria by single‐strand conformation polymorphism analysis using capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Klepárník Karel , Grochová Diana , Škopková Zuzana , Adam Tomáš 
Published: January 2004

AbstractWe present a fast detection of M467T, the major mutation causing cystinuria, by capillary electrophoresis version of single‐strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP). The DNA fragment (317 bp) carrying the point mutation was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on the exon 8 of the SLC3A1 gene, which encodes for the transmembrane glycoprotein rBAT, a part of the active cystine and dibasic amino acids transporter. The complementary strands of the fragment were labeled by fluorescein and TAMRA, respectively. Thus, the electromigration of both strands was recorded independently as a laser‐induced fluorescence (LIF) signal, what enabled an effective optimization of separation conditions. The injected sample was denatured by immersing the inlet of the separation capillary into a vial with 0.1 M solution of NaOH prior to analysis. Under optimum conditions, the SSCP analysis in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)‐coated silica‐fused capillary of an effective length of 15 cm, filled with 4% linear polyacrylamide (LPA) solution, was accomplished in ∼ 6 min. The experimentally observed mobility shifts of single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) fragments were compared to the appearance of their calculated two‐dimensional conformations using Version 3.0 of MFOLD software. The number of nucleotides involved in the duplex regions of theoretical structures correlates well with their real migration order in the sieving medium.
Analysis of cyanobacterial toxins (anatoxin‐a, cylindrospermopsin, microcystin‐LR) by capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Vasas Gábor , Gáspár Attila , Páger Csilla , Surányi Gyula , Máthé Csaba , Hamvas Márta M. , Borbely George 
Published: January 2004

AbstractCapillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) were applied to the simultaneous separation of cyanobacterial toxins (anatoxin‐a, microcystin‐LR, cylindrospermopsin). The analytical performance data of both methods, optimized for the three toxins, were similar with a precision of migration times smaller than 0.8 RSD% and a detection limit in the range of 1–4 μg/mL, using spectrophotometric detection at 230 nm. Both methods were applied to an analysis of cyanotoxins in water bloom samples and crude cyanobacterial extracts. The results obtained indicate that, for complex matrices, the sequential application of CZE and MEKC is necessary. It is recommended to use both CE techniques for the analysis of the same sample in order to confirm the results by an orthogonal approach.
Microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography with laser‐induced fluorescence detection for sensitive determination of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine
Authors: Zhang Jiyou , Xie Jianping , Liu Jiaqin , Tian Jianniao , Chen Xingguo , Hu Zhide 
Published: January 2004

AbstractA selective and sensitive microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography with laser‐induced fluorescence detection method was developed for the quantification of ephedrine (E) and pseudoephedrine (PE) derivatized with 4‐chloro‐7‐nitrobenzo‐2‐oxa‐1, 3‐diazol. By a series of optimization, a running buffer composed of 20 mM borate + microemulsion (23.3 mM Sodium dodecyl sulfate/180.85 mM 1‐butanol/16.4 mM n‐heptane) +8% acetonitrile was applied for the separation of the derivatives. A linear relationship for E and PE was obtained in the range of 0.058–11.58 μg·mL−1 (correlation coefficient: 0.9993 for E, 0.9995 for PE), and the detection limits for E and PE were 5.3 and 3.9 ng·mL−1. The method was applied to the analysis of the two alkaloids in Chinese traditional herbal preparations with recoveries in the range of 96.9–105.4%.
Analytical potential of enzyme‐coated capillary reactors in capillary zone electrophoresis
Authors: Simonet Bartolomé M. , Ríos Angel , Valcárcel Miguel 
Published: January 2004

AbstractEnzymes immobilized on the inner surface of an electrophoretic capillary were used to increase sensitivity and resolution in capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). Sensitivity is enhanced by inserting a piece of capillary containing the immobilized enzyme into the main capillary, located before the detector, in order to transform the analyte into a product with a higher absorptivity. This approach was used to determine ethanol. In order to improve resolution, capillary pieces containing immobilized enzymes were inserted at various strategic positions along the electrophoretic capillary. On reaching the enzyme, the analyte was converted into a product with a high electrophoretic mobility, the migration time for which was a function of the position of the enzyme reactor. This approach was applied to the separation and determination of acetaldehyde and pyruvate. Finally, the proposed method was validated with the determination of ethanol, acetaldehyde, and pyruvate in beer and wine samples.
Capillary electrophoresis of amphipathic α‐helical peptide diastereomers
Authors: Popa Traian V. , Mant Colin T. , Hodges Robert S. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractWe have made a rigorous assessment of the ability of capillary electrophoresis to resolve peptide diastereomers through its application to the separation of a series of synthetic 18‐residue, amphipathic α‐helical monomeric peptide analogues, where a single site in the centre of the hydrophobic face of the α‐helix is substituted by 19 L‐ or D‐amino acids. Such L‐ and D‐peptide pairs have the same mass‐to‐charge ratio, amino acid sequence and intrinsic hydrophobicity, varying only in the stereochemistry of one residue. CE approaches assessed in their ability to separate diastereomeric peptide pairs included capillary zone electrophoresis (uncoated capillary), micellar electrokinetic chromatography (uncoated capillary in the presence of 3‐[(3‐cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]‐1‐propanesulfonate, CHAPS), open‐tubular capillary electrochromatography (C8‐coated capillary in the presence of 25% 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol (TFE) or 25% ethanol). Overall, the OT‐CEC methods were the most effective at separating the most peptide pairs, particularly for those containing hydrophilic side chains. However, the MEKC approach proved most effective for separation of peptide pairs containing hydrophobic or aromatic side chains.
Effective sorbents for solid‐phase extraction in the analysis of quinolones in animal tissues by capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Jiménez‐Lozano Eulalia , Roy Diana , Barrón Dolores , Barbosa José 
Published: January 2004

AbstractIn this work, several commercial sorbents (Zorbax C18, Bond Elut C18, Isolute ENV+, Oasis HLB, Oasis MAX, SDB‐RPS, and MPC‐SD) were compared for the solid‐phase extraction of the series of quinolones regulated by the European Community in chicken tissues in order to establish a method for the determination of this series of quinolones by capillary electrophoresis and diode array detection. Sorbents were chosen in order to achieve maximum recoveries and optimal clean‐up efficiency. Better results were obtained using SDB‐RPS and Oasis MAX which would provide suitable limits of detection, below of the maximum residue limits (MRLs) regulated.
Microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography of drugs varying in charge and hydrophobicity: I. Impact of parameters on separation performance evaluated by multiple linear regression models
Authors: Harang Valérie , Eriksson Jessica , Sänger‐van de Griend Cari E. , Jacobsson Sven P. , Westerlund Douglas 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe separation of anionic, cationic and neutral drugs in microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography (MEEKC) was studied with a statistical experimental design. The concentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, surfactant), 1‐butanol (co‐surfactant) and borate buffer and the factors Brij 35 (surfactant), 2‐propanol (organic solvent) and cassette temperature were varied simultaneously, while the parameters pH (9.2), the concentration of octane (oil, 0.8% w/w), the voltage (10 kV) and the dimension of the fused‐silica capillary, were kept constant. Eight different model substances were chosen with different hydrophobicities. Two of the analytes were positively charged, two were negatively charged, and the remaining four were neutral or close to neutral at the pH explored. The importance of each parameter on the separation window, the plate height and the retention factor for each of the analytes was studied by means of multiple linear regression (MLR) models. A new response was evaluated for anions, the quotient between the effective mobility in the microemulsion and the effective mobility in the corresponding buffer. Factors affecting selectivity changes were also explored, and it was found that SDS and 2‐propanol had the largest effect on selectivity.
A flow injection‐capillary electrophoresis system with high‐voltage contactless conductivity detection for automated dual opposite end injection
Authors: Kubáň Pavel , Kubáň Petr , Hauser Peter C. , Kubáň Vlastimil 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe system comprises two flow injection‐capillary electrophoresis interfaces into which the opposite ends of the separation capillary are inserted. The electrolyte solution flows through both interfaces by use of hydrostatic pressure. The injection of the samples into the electrolyte flow is accomplished by a rotary‐type chromatographic valve at the grounded side and by a pinch‐valve injector at the high‐voltage side that provides sufficient isolation from the high electric field. The system allows a fully automated dual‐injection sequence of samples from both capillary ends and simultaneous electrophoretic separation of anions and cations in the samples. The analytes are detected by a high‐voltage contactless conductometric detector positioned approximately in the middle of the separation capillary. The parameters of the system were evaluated. The repeatability of the flow injection‐capillary electrophoresis system for the simultaneous determination of anions and cations was evaluated for ten consecutive injections and relative standard deviation (RSD) values for peak areas were better than 1.0%. The sample throughput for total ionic analysis was estimated to be 25 samples per hour. The system was used for automated simultaneous analysis of anions and cations in various real samples. Using a short separation capillary, rapid total ionic analysis in less then 1 min is demonstrated.