bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a Web‐Based Dietary Questionnaire Used to Assess Soy Isoflavones Intake in Young People
Authors: Sabate Joan , Oda Keiji , Siapco Gina Segovia 
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUNDSoy foods are good sources of high‐quality protein, essential fatty acids, and isoflavones and, thus, can potentially improve the overall diet quality. However, increased soy foods consumption have raised some concerns because of the known estrogenic properties of isoflavones. Isoflavones intake data in adolescent populations is scant. Existing dietary assessment questionnaires focused on soy isoflavones are for adult populations and none of these had been validated in adolescents.OBJECTIVETo assess the isoflavones intake of an adolescent population highly exposed to soy using innovative dietary assessment methods that tap the technological skills of adolescents.METHODSWe developed a 151‐item web‐based semi‐quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) which included 37 soy foods. Multiple 1‐day food records with digital photographs was used as the criterion method. A total of 55 12–18 year‐old adolescents who met the inclusion criteria and passed the training requirements for the study completed the web‐based FFQ. Over a 2–3 month period, they provided 6 non‐consecutive 1‐day food records which covered 5 weekdays and 1 weekend day. They took pictures of foods to be eaten at each eating occasion and simultaneously sent them with their food record for one day via text messaging. Follow‐up calls were made the following day to verify the accuracy of the food records which were checked against the photographs. Total soy isoflavones, daizein, genistein, and glycitein intakes on both the food records and web‐based FFQ were calculated using the Nutrition Data System for Research nutrient database and existing meat analogs database in our institution. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks tests, correlations with energy adjustment and correction for multiple measurements, cross‐classification analyses, and Bland‐Altman plots using SAS version 9.4 were conducted to evaluate the performance of the web‐based FFQ against the food records with digital photographs.RESULTSThe web‐based FFQ significantly overestimates the intake of all the isoflavones by about 200–300%. Deattenuated correlation values after energy‐adjustment are 0.67 for total isoflavones, 0.63 for daidzein, 0.64 for genistein, and 0.56 for glycitein. Degree of agreement within one quartile are 82%, 84%, 82% and 80% for total isoflavones, daidzein, genistein, and glycitein, respectively; gross mismatching is between 0% (total isoflavones) and 6% (glycitein). Bland‐Altman plots consistently show overestimation of the web‐based FFQ but a relatively even distribution of points inside the limits of agreement.CONCLUSIONThe web‐based FFQ is relatively accurate in ranking adolescent intake of soy isoflavones. However, precaution must be taken when using absolute intake as the exposure variable. Further improvement of this web‐based FFQ would be needed to reduce the overestimation bias.Support or Funding InformationSoy Nutrition Institute
Comparing the FGI‐10R Dietary Diversity Scale and Quantitative Food Intake: A Study in Urban Bangladesh
Authors: Waid Jillian L. , Ali Masum , Akter Rina , Thilsted Shakuntala Haraksingh 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesThe FAO has just released a universal indicator (FGI‐10R) for women's individual dietary diversity, which was developed from analysis of secondary quantitative food intake data data from multiple countries. The study validates the measure theoretically by deriving the dietary diversity measure from quantitative dietary assessment and not from dietary diversity modules as they are administered in the field. However it has not yet been verified that the two very different modules will elicit the same response.MethodsA dietary diversity questionnaire (DDQ) was added to a sub‐sample of households in quantitative food assessment (QFA) survey administered among a panel of households in poorer neighborhoods of Dhaka City Corporation. The DDQ included an estimate of the amount of the food type eaten (greater or less than 15 grams during the day). Information from the respondent was collected through free‐recall followed by list based probes and coded into a 21‐item questionnaire by the enumerator. The DDQ was asked to the respondent before the QFA. We use kappa and indicator validation statistics to compare the performance of indicators directly as measured in the DDQ and as derived from the QFA across 139 women included in the first round of dietary assessment. Once the three rounds of data collection are complete in January 2016, we will update results with the annual sample (estimated to be approximately 450 women) and also compare the DDQ performance to the mean probability of adequacy of individuals based on the QFA.ResultsAgreement between the two types of measures was moderate and nearly the same when both the QFA measure and DDQ measure were restricted to observations of consumption above 15 grams (k=55%) and when the QFA measure was restricted but the DDQ measure was not (k=54%). The F1 score of these two modules is also similar at 76% for the restricted DDQ and 73% when the DDQ measure was not restricted to 15 grams. Among food groups, the greatest agreement was for dark green leafy vegetables (k=80% for both comparisons) and worst for other fruits as the QFA measure indicated that all respondents had consumed more than 15 grams but only around three quarters of individuals were recorded as consuming these items using the DDQ (k=0%).ConclusionsThis analysis indicates that there is only a limited improvement of the dietary diversity instrument when information on the amount of food consumed is included. This indicates that individuals do not report trace amounts of many items they consume when asked a traditional dietary diversity module.Support or Funding InformationData was collected and analysis undertaken as part of the project “Aquaculture and the Poor: improving fish production, consumption and nutrition linkages”, conducted in partnership with WorldFish and funded by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ).
Validity and reliability of a 7‐day fluid diary to estimate average daily water intake
Authors: Kavouras Stavros A , Johnson Evan C , Adams J.D. , Jansen Lisa T , Capitan‐Jiménez Catalina , Perrier Erica , Péronnet François , Guellincx Isabelle 
Published: November 2023

Water is the most abundant molecule in the human body that undergoes continuous recycling, but often an overlooked nutrient. One of the main reasons that even in large scale studies water intake is not recorded is the lack of validated tools to assess water intake.OBJECTIVETo assess the validity and reliability of a seven‐day fluid diary (7DFD) by comparing it to total water turnover assessed via deuterium oxide.METHODSOne hundred one healthy males and females (41±14 y, 76.6±16.9 kg, 1.70±0.09 m, 26.4±5.5 kg·m−2, 30±11% body fat) from the North West Arkansas were enrolled. Subject participated in the study for four consecutive weeks where the 7DFD was recorded on week two and four. Three doses of D2O (0.10 g, 0.05 and 0.08·kg lean body mass−1, assessed by DXA) were ingested at the beginning of weeks 1, 2 and 3. Urine samples were collected immediately before ingestion of D2O, the following day and at the end of each week. Urine D/H, expressed in ppm vs the V‐SMOW standard (155.76 ppm) was measured by mass spectrometry using the H2‐water equilibration method. Water turnover (WTO) was calculated as total body water (TBW, L)/mean residence time of water in the body water pool. Average daily WTO was also estimated from the diary as the sum of: 1) participant entries in 7DFD, 2) water intake from solid foods calculated from a traditional 7 day food record, and, 3) calculated daily metabolic water production.RESULTSWTO assessed either via D2O (W2: 3.64±1.20, W4: 3.68±1.31 L/day) or 7DFD (W2: 3.51±1.30, W4: 3.47±1.23 L/day) was not different between weeks 2 and 4 with both methods of estimation (P>0.05). Water turnover from D2O vs the 7DFD was linearly related during week 2 (F[1,95]=144.2, R2 = 0.61, p <0.001), and week 4 (F[1,85]=92.2, R2 = 0.52, p < 0.001). Intraclass correlations (95% CI) were 0.77 (0.68–0.84), and 0.74(0.63–0.83) for weeks 2 and 4, respectively. Lastly, the Bland‐Altman analysis for combined mean difference between WTO for D2O and 7DFD was 0.167±0.876 L·d−1, a 95% CI of −1.886–1.552 L·d−1, with no apparent bias (F[1,180]= 1.0, R2=0.005, p = 0.325).CONCLUSIONThe seven day fluid diary is a reliable and valid tool to estimate water from fluids in adults.Support or Funding InformationFunded by Danone Research
Trends in Early Childhood Obesity in a Large, Urban School District in the Southwest from 2007 to 2014
Authors: Cantarero Andrea , Jimenez Elizabeth Yakes , Myers Orrin B , Scharmen Thomas , Kinyua Peter , Tollestrup Kristine , Cohen Deborah , Sanchez Victoria , Pribis Peter 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionAlthough recent studies indicate that childhood obesity and severe obesity may be declining, few have reported on prevalence trends in early childhood or differences in trends across sociodemographic groups. The primary aim of this study was to report on early childhood obesity and severe obesity prevalence trends from 2007–2014 in a diverse, metropolitan school district in the Southwest and determine whether these trends vary by race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status and disability status.MethodsWe analyzed height, weight and demographic data from 43,113 kindergarteners enrolled in a large, urban school district in New Mexico for 7 school years (2007–2008 through 2013–2014). Adjusted odds of obesity and severe obesity were calculated to assess changes in prevalence for non‐Hispanic White, Hispanic, American Indian, free‐reduced price lunch participants and non‐participants, and students with and without disabilities. Logistic regression models were used to test for interactions between school year and sex, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status and disability status on obesity prevalence.ResultsThere was an overall decline in the adjusted prevalence of both obesity and severe obesity from 13.1% and 2.4% in 2007–2008 to 12.0% and 1.2% in 2013–2014, respectively. There were no statistically significant interactions between adjusted prevalence of obesity over time and any of the sociodemographic subgroups. However, obesity prevalence declined more among American Indian students than either Hispanic or non‐Hispanic White students.ConclusionObesity and severe obesity has levelled off overall and across all sociodemographic subpopulations and disparities may be decreasing between American Indian and non‐Hispanic White kindergarten students in the Southwest.
The Relationship Between Flavored Milk Consumption, Diet Quality, Body Weight, and BMI z‐Score Among Children and Adolescents of Different Ethnicities
Authors: Cifelli Christopher J. , Houchins Jenny A. , Demmer Elieke , Fulgoni Victor 
Published: November 2023

Milk is a substantial contributor of essential nutrients that are required for normal growth and development in children and adolescents. Despite its nutrient dense profile, most children and adolescents fail to consume the recommended amounts of milk and milk products each day which could contribute to poor diet quality. Flavored milk contains the same essential nutrients as plain milk; however, there is concern that the added sugar and higher caloric content may negatively impact overall diet quality and body weight. The goal of this project was to examine the relationship between flavored milk consumption, diet quality [using the Health Eating Index‐2010 (HEI)], body weight and BMI z‐score in children (2–5 y, 6–11 y, and 12–17 y) from different ethnic backgrounds (Mexican Americans, Non‐Hispanic Whites, Non‐Hispanic Blacks). Data from the dietary component of the 2001–2002 through 2011–2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used in this study. Usual intake of plain and flavored milk was determined using the National Cancer Institute method with those with a usual intake of flavored milk of ≥0.25 cups/d defined as consumers. Food group/nutrient data from NHANES was used to determine an HEI score. Total HEI scores decreased across age groups examined (2–5 < 6–11 < 12–17 y) regardless of flavored milk consumption. For most age and ethnic groups, there was no difference in total diet quality between flavored milk consumers and non‐consumers. In Mexican males 12–17 y and in non‐Hispanic white girls 2–5, non‐consumers had a significantly higher HEI score than consumers of flavored milk. In contrast, non‐Hispanic black females 12–17 who consumed flavored milk had significantly greater HEI scores than non‐consumers. However, the dairy component score for the HEI was significantly greater in flavored milk consumers as compared to non‐consumers across all age and ethnic groups examined, suggesting milk consumption was closer to recommended levels in flavored milk consumers. Across ethnicity groups, children and adolescents who consumed flavored milk did not have increased body weight, BMI, or BMI z‐score compared to non‐consumers. Waist circumference was higher (51.4±0.3 cm vs. 50.1±0.2 cm, p=0.000) in non‐Hispanic black male consumers 2–5 y, but no difference was found among other ethnicities or age groups. Overall, these results show that flavored milk consumption is not related to increased body weight or BMI z‐score in American children and adolescents, while contributing to better dairy‐related HEI scores as compared to non‐consumers. These data continue to demonstrate that flavored milk represents an important option for children and adolescents to meet dairy and nutrient recommendations.Support or Funding InformationThis work was funded by the National Dairy Council.
Associations between Urinary Lignans and Cardiometabolic Risk Markers in Pregnant Women: Evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2010
Authors: Shi Ling , Simas Tiffany A Moore , Lichtenstein Alice H , Sun Qi , Hayman Laura L 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivePrior evidence suggests that phytoestrogens (i.e. isoflavones and lignans) may mitigate inflammation, attenuate insulin resistance, and improve blood lipids. These data are mainly limited to postmenopausal women or patients with existing cardiometabolic disorders. There is a lack of data for pregnant women who are at elevated risk of developing glucose and lipid abnormalities, partially attributable to elevated estrogen concentrations. Previously, we reported a significant, negative association between urinary soy isoflavones and some cardiometabolic risk markers in pregnant US women. As lignans containing foods such as flax seed, sesame seed, whole grains, and cruciferous vegetables are more commonly consumed than soy in the US, our aim was to investigate the association between urinary lignans (enterodiol and enterolactone) with blood biomarkers of cardiometabolic risks in pregnant women.MethodsWe analyzed data from 480 pregnant women who participated in the 1999–2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and had data for urinary lignan concentrations. Multivariable linear regression analyses were used to examine the association between urinary lignan concentrations and cardiometabolic risk markers, adjusted for pregnancy trimester, demographic characteristics (age, race/ethnicity, education) and lifestyle factors (smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity). Cardiometabolic risk markers were log‐transformed and geometric means were calculated by quartiles of urinary lignan concentrations.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 28 ± 0.5 years; the majority (52%) of them were non‐Hispanic White, and 59% attained a college degree or higher. Subjects who were older than 35 years, Non‐Hispanic white or Mexican American had higher lignans concentrations. Increasing urinary lignan concentrations were associated with a more beneficial cardiometabolic profile: comparing women in the highest versus lowest quartiles of total lignan concentrations, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) was 61.5 versus 53.6 mg/dL (P for trend = 0.01); triacylglycerol (TG) was 140.9 versus 171.3 mg/dL (P for trend = 0.004); TG/HDL ratio was 2.3 versus 3.2 (P for trend = 0.001); C‐reactive protein (CRP) was 0.4 versus 0.7 mg/dL (P for trend = 0.01); and fasting insulin was 7.7 versus 13.9 μU/mL (P for trend < 0.0001). Analogous results were found in the concentrations of enterodiol and enterolactone.ConclusionsLignan intake may have favorable effects on cardiometabolic risk markers in pregnant women.Support or Funding InformationThis study was supported by the Life Sciences Moment Fund (Shi L) from the UMASS Clinical and Translational Science Award (UMCCTS) Pilot Award Program.
Midwestern women have high rates of iron deficiency when measured by serum iron and ferritin concentrations
Authors: Mondloch Stephanie J , Binkley Neil , Arscott Sara , Tanumihardjo Sherry 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundIron deficiency is the most common micronutrient deficiency worldwide and is not generally considered to be of concern in healthy premenopausal women in the US.MethodsApparently healthy, non‐smoking premenopausal women (age 37–50 years; n=118) not on hormone replacement therapy or any form of contraceptives were screened by giving fasting blood samples for a recent clinical trial. Total serum iron was measured as part of a routine chemistry profile (C20) at a local clinical laboratory and ferritin concentrations were measured (ELISA kit, Phoenix Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Burlingame, CA). C‐reactive protein was also measured (EIA kit, Cayman Chemical Co., Ann Arbor, MI) to evaluate active inflammation. Dietary intakes were determined from the 2011 Harvard Grid Food Frequency Questionnaire.ResultsSerum iron was below the standard clinical reference range (<60 μg/dL) in 23% of this cohort and 70% had serum ferritin levels below the WHO cutoff of 15 ng/mL for iron deficiency. 18% had serum ferritin below detectable levels. Only 7% of women screened had CRP>10 mg/L, suggesting that ferritin estimates were not elevated due to infection.ConclusionsThese data suggest that low iron may be a more prevalent issue than currently appreciated. If validated in larger and more diverse studies, it may be appropriate for health care providers to routinely assess iron status in premenopausal women.
Method for Calculating Point Estimates and Standard Errors for Meta‐Analysis from Reported Point Estimates, 95% Confidence Intervals, and P‐Values
Authors: Brown Andrew W , Dawson John A 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundThe quality of a meta‐analysis depends on accurate estimates from original publications. Existing back‐calculation methods for point estimates [e.g., odds ratios (ORs), log(ORs), or means] and standard errors (SEs) from reported point estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) can create estimates that, when forward‐calculated, do not round to the originally reported values. This can be particularly true for ORs. A new method is proposed that incorporates information from the upper and lower CIs and point estimates, with examples of data encountered in a meta‐analysis of the associations between quick service restaurant foods and obesity.MethodsLog(ORs) and SEs are calculated using one of four methods: using the lower CI and the OR; the upper CI and the OR; the average SE from SEs calculated from the lower and upper CIs; and a new method that proposes to use the centroid of a region of values that satisfies the originally reported, rounded OR and CI (herein referred to as the Centroid Method). The methods are compared by simulating 10,000 2×2 tables, rounding the true OR and CI to 1 or 2 decimal places, and calculating the residuals between the log(OR) and SE determined through the four methods compared to the true log(OR) and SE. Extensions of the method are demonstrated for continuous data and under different distributional assumptions. The methods are compared using real examples from data extracted for a meta‐analysis of the associations between quick service restaurants and obesity.ResultsAll methods appear unbiased, but the proposed Centroid Method results in log(ORs) and SEs that deviate less from the simulated true log(ORs) and SEs. The improvement in estimates drops precipitously as the number of decimal places reported for ORs and CIs increases. The method can successfully restrict the region of possible values based on z or t distributional assumptions for the back‐calculation of CIs, and can further restrict the legal region by including reported p‐values. The Centroid Method allows for valid estimates of point estimates where the other methods failed, such as the case where a study reported an OR and 95% CI of 1.3 [1.1,1.7].ConclusionsThe proposed Centroid Method provides tighter estimates of log ORs and SEs for meta‐analyzing data reported as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals; provides valid estimates where other methods fail; and can be used with different distributional assumptions and data types.Support or Funding InformationAWB was supported in part by NIDDK grant P30 DK056336. JAD was supported by startup funds provided by Texas Tech University through his department (Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences) and the President Cluster Hire in Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (Center for Biotechnology and Genomics). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of any organization.
Chronic Disease Epidemiology of Dengue Fever in Africa
Authors: Obidi O. F. , Oyesile T C , Tulp Orien L , Einstein George P 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundIn recent times, outbreaks of Dengue fever has increased worldwide although such outbreaks are poorly documented in Africa. The situation has been compounded by the absence of diagnostic facilities and proper medical examination resources which often result in misdiagnosis of malaria and inadequate treatment.ObjectivesTo describe the epidemiological pattern of Dengue virus infection in Africa from 2007– date and provide useful information for risk assessment.MethodsLiterature search was done with published reports from Pubmed, Googlescholar and reference lists from selected studies. The quality of studies was assessed. For each study, a Mantel–Haenzel, adjusted relative risks with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were performed for possible confounding factors. The fixed effect model was used to combine values from single studies for age, sex and socio‐economic status. Separate meta–analyses were performed on results from studies grouped with similar characteristics.FindingsSeven case–control studies were selected and utilized for the meta–analysis. Quality scoring for individual studies ranged from 0.38–0.61 (median, 0.53). Mantel–Haenzel based on incidence of dengue fever gave a pooled relative risk estimate of 2.31 (95% CI; 2.15–2.69). Age and socio economic status were found to be significantly associated with incidence of dengue fever while there was no sex differential among the subjects.ConclusionThese findings suggest a gradual re–emergence of the deadly Dengue virus. Multinational collaboration efforts are suggested to curb its expansion across African confines.Support or Funding InformationSupported by Institutional Resources of USAT, the Einstein Institute and the University of Lagos