bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal effects of cell adhesion on mechanical characteristics of the single chondrocyte
Authors: Huang Wei , Anvari Bahman , Torres Jorge H. , Lebaron Richard G. , Athanasiou Kyriacos A. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractCell adhesion to material surfaces is a fundamental phenomenon in tissue response to implanted devices, and an important consideration in tissue engineering. For example, elucidation of phenomena associated with adhesion of chondrocytes to biomaterials is critical in addressing the difficult problem of articular cartilage regeneration. The first objective of this study was to measure the mechanical adhesiveness characteristics of individual rabbit articular chondrocytes as a function of seeding time to provide further understanding of the cell adhesion process. The second objective was to quantify the force required to separate the plasma membrane from the underlying cytoskeleton as a function of seeding time. After culturing chondrocytes on glass coverslips for 1, 2, 4, 6 h, two biomechanical tests were performed on single chondrocytes: (i) mechanical adhesiveness measurement by the cytodetacher; and (ii) plasma membrane tether formation force measurement by optical tweezers. Cell mechanical adhesiveness increased from 231 ± 149 Pa at 1 h to 1085 ± 211 Pa at 6 h. The cell contact area with the substrata increased from 161 ± 52 μm2 at 1 h to 369 ± 105 μm2 at 6 h. The tether formation force increased from 232 ± 23 pN at 1 h to 591 ± 17 pN at 6 h. Moreover, fluorescence staining by rhodamine‐phalloidin demonstrated the process of actin spreading within the cytoskeleton from 0.5 to 6 h and allowed for measurement of cell height which was found to decrease from 12.3 ± 2.9 μm at 0.5 h to 6.2 ± 0.9 μm at 6 h.© 2002 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Bimodal upregulation of glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in the neonatal rat brain following ischemic/hypoxic injury
Authors: Ikeda Tomoaki , Koo Heasoo , Xia Yi X. , Ikenoue Tsuyomu , Choi Ben H. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractIn order to delineate the spatial and temporal patterns of glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) expression following ischemic/hypoxic injury in immature and neonatal brain, GDNF protein levels and immunocytochemistry were studied in rats subjected to a modified Levine procedure. Significant upregulation of GDNF protein occurred in a bimodal fashion in the damaged left cerebral cortex and hippocampus, while the levels in the right cerebral hemisphere of both control and ischemic groups remained relatively unchanged. Immunocytochemical studies indicated that the early rise in GDNF levels was most likely to be related to enhanced neuronal release of GDNF. The second rise was probably related to progressive astrogliosis that occurred in response to injury. In contrast to the lack of GDNF expression among astrocytes in normal mature brains, reactive astrocytes in the neonate appear to possess a ready capacity to express GDNF. Spatial and temporal changes in the pattern of GDNF expression following injury, as determined in this study may provide insight into the functions of GDNF in vivo and into possible therapeutic approaches toward prevention of damage or rescue of neurons following brain injury.
A peptide agonist of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), C3, protects against developmental defects induced by a teratogen pyrimethamine
Authors: Klementiev Boris , Bichevaja Natalia , Novikova Tatiana , Chebotar Nikolaj , Bock Elisabeth , Berezin Vladimir 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe neural cell adhesion molecule, NCAM, not only plays an important role in neuronal migration, differentiation and formation of connections in the developing nervous system, but also in the condensation of the mesodermal mesenchyme of the limb bud. Therefore, NCAM may be regarded as a target molecule for preventive strategies aimed at minimizing the effects of teratogens affecting the prenatal development of the nervous system and the skeleton. Treatment of fetuses with the teratogen pyrimethamine results in a reduced body weight, microcephaly and malformations of the hind limbs and forelimbs, e.g. micromelia, brachydactyly and adactyly. We here show that a peptide agonist of NCAM, C3, partly prevented the defects induced by this treatment. Although intra‐amniotic administration of C3 at gestational day 14 had no effect on the pyrimethamine‐induced reduction in body weight, it rescued the deficit in brain weight (microcephaly), partly reversed a decrease in thickness of the cortical plate, and significantly reduced the number of malformed fetuses. In vitro, C3 promoted survival of PC12‐E2 cells treated with pyrimethamine. Since C3 is a peptide mimetic of NCAM, our data strongly suggest that stimulating of NCAM results in neuroprotection in vivo and in vitro.
Efficacy of a homeopathic Crataegus preparation compared with usual therapy for mild (NYHA II) cardiac insufficiency: results of an observational cohort study
Authors: Schröder D. , Weiser M. , Klein P. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractObjectives:To compare the efficacy of the homeopathic Crataegus preparation Cralonin for non‐inferiority to standard treatment for mild cardiac insufficiency.Methods:Multicentre non‐randomised cohort study in patients aged 50–75 years in New York Heart Association class II. Patients received Cralonin (n=110) or ACE inhibitor/diuretics (n=102) for 8 weeks. To adjust for confounding by baseline factors, populations were stratified according to propensity score. After adjusting, there were no statistically significant differences between treatment groups. Treatment efficacy was assessed on 15 variables. A stringent non‐inferiority criterion for the upper limit of the 97.5% one‐sided confidence interval of the treatment difference was set to 0.2× the standard deviation (S.D.).Results:Both treatment regimens improved scores on most variables studied, with the greatest effect on double product after exercise (average score reduction 15.4% with Cralonin vs. 16.0% for the control group). Stringent non‐inferiority of Cralonin was demonstrated on 7 variables. Medium‐stringent (0.5×S.D.) non‐inferiority was indicated by 13 variables (exceptions: systolic blood pressure (BP) during exercise and diastolic BP at rest; for these, differences between treatments were not significant). Both treatments were well tolerated.Conclusion:The Crataegus‐based preparation Cralonin is non‐inferior to usual ACE inhibitor/diuretics treatment for mild cardiac insufficiency on all parameters except BP reduction.
Mechanoregulation of human articular chondrocyte aggrecan and type II collagen expression by intermittent hydrostatic pressure in vitro
Authors: Ikenoue Takashi , Trindade Michael C. D. , Lee Mel S. , Lin Eric Y. , Schurman David J. , Goodman Stuart B. , Smith R. Lane 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis study addressed the hypothesis that duration and magnitude of applied intermittent hydrostatic pressure (IHP) are critical parameters in regulation of normal human articular chondrocyte aggrecan and type II collagen expression. Articular chondrocytes were isolated from knee cartilage and maintained as primary, high‐density monolayer cultures. IHP was applied at magnitudes of 1, 5 and 10 MPa at 1 Hz for durations of either 4 h per day for one day (4 × 1) or 4 h per day for four days (4 × 4). Total cellular RNA was isolated and analyzed for aggrecan and type II collagen mRNA signal levels using specific primers and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) nested with beta‐actin primers as internal controls. With a 4 × 1 loading regimen, aggrecan mRNA signal levels increased 1.3‐ and 1.5‐fold at 5 and 10 MPa, respectively, relative to beta‐actin mRNA when compared to unloaded cultures. Changing the duration of loading to a 4 × 4 regimen increased aggrecan mRNA signal levels by 1.4‐, 1.8‐ and 1.9‐fold at loads of 1, 5 and 10 MPa, respectively. In contrast to the effects of IHP on aggrecan, type II collagen mRNA signal levels were only upregulated at loads of 5 and 10 MPa with the 4 × 4 loading regimen. Analysis of cell‐associated protein by western blotting confirmed that IHP increased aggrecan and type II collagen in chondrocyte extracts. These data demonstrate that duration and magnitude of applied IHP differentially alter chondrocyte matrix protein expression. The results show that IHP provides an important stimulus for increasing cartilage matrix anabolism and may contribute to repair and regeneration of damaged or diseased cartilage.© 2002 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
The use of specific chondrocyte populations to modulate the properties of tissue‐engineered cartilage
Authors: Waldman Stephen D. , Grynpas Marc D. , Pilliar Robert M. , Kandel Rita A. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractTissue engineering of articular cartilage is a promising alternative to the conventional approaches for cartilage repair. However, recent attempts to develop articular cartilage in vitro have proven to be difficult. The tissue formed in vitro may not accumulate enough extracellular matrix, and the resulting mechanical properties are only a fraction of the native tissue. We investigated whether using specific populations of chondrocytes would improve the properties of the cartilaginous tissue that was generated in vitro. Full‐thickness (FT), mid‐and‐deep zone (MD), and deep‐zone (DEEP) chondrocytes were isolated, placed on the surface of porous ceramic substrates and maintained in culture for eight weeks. Tissue developed from DEEP chondrocytes was thicker (FT: 0.94 ± 0.03, MD: 0.88 ± 0.04, DEEP: 2.4 ± 0.1 mm) and had accumulated larger amounts of extracellular matrix (FT: 1.61 ± 0.05, MD: 1.5 ± 0.1, DEEP: 3.8 ± 0.2 mg dry weight) than the tissues formed by the FT and MD chondrocytes. The tissue formed by the FT chondrocytes accumulated the greatest amount of collagen (FT: 211 ± 14, MD: 185 ± 8, DEEP: 178 ± 5 μg/mg dry weight) whereas the tissue formed by the MD chondrocytes accumulated significantly more proteoglycans (FT: 198 ± 10, MD: 265 ± 10, DEEP: 215 ± 5 μg/mg dry weight). Interestingly, MD chondrocytes produced tissue that had compressive mechanical properties up to four times greater than the cartilaginous tissues formed by cells from either the FT or DEEP of cartilage. Thus, a combined population of intermediate and DEEP chondrocytes might be more suitable for the tissue engineering of articular cartilage.© 2002 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Information provided by the skeletal muscle and associated neurons is necessary for proper brain development
Authors: Kablar Boris , Rudnicki Michael A. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractPreviously, motor cortex of term Myf5−/−:MyoD−/− fetuses (e.g. have ablated skeletal myogenesis and consequent early loss of lower motor and proprioceptive neurons) was found to lack giant pyramidal cells. We further investigated how the absence of the extrinsic stimuli from the lacking structures influences brain development. Apparently normal motor cortex of mutant fetuses was found to have dramatically reduced presence of nestin‐expressing processes of neural precursors, calretinin‐expressing pyramidal neurons and calbindin‐expressing neurons. Consistently, some areas of the extrapyramidal tract had significantly decreased number of differentiated neurons in mutant brains. Surprisingly, we were unable to detect any change in proliferation or cell death in the mutant neuroepithelium. Together, it appears that the information provided by the lacking structures influences the ratios of the differentiated neuronal types and their progenitor cells.
Influence of neurotrophins on the synaptogenesis of inner hair cells in the deaf Bronx waltzer (bv) mouse organ of Corti in culture
Authors: Sobkowicz Hanna M. , August Benjamin K. , Slapnick Susan M. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe Bronx waltzer (bv) deaf mouse is characterized by massive degeneration of the primary auditory receptors, the inner hair cells, which occurs during the time of expected afferent synaptogenesis. The process is associated with degeneration and protracted division of the normally postmitotic afferent spiral ganglion neurons. To investigate the potential role of neurotrophins in the afferent synaptogenesis of inner hair cells, we exposed bv newborn cochleas in organotypic culture to brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin‐3 (NT‐3) and nerve growth factor (NGF), and also to gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), for up to 8 days. The study was done using light and electron microscopy. Only about 20% of the inner hair cells survived in culture, regardless of the treatment, similar to the number in the intact mutant in our colony. Depending on the exogenous treatment, this population consisted of either innervated ultrastructurally normal cells or denervated dedifferentiated cells wrapped—in lieu of nerve endings—by the supporting inner phalangeal and border cells. In the control and GABA cultures, inner hair cells were mostly denervated. BDNF and NT‐3 alone or combined increased synaptogenesis and hair cell survival only during the first 3 days (by about 10%); however, the cells became denervated by 8 postnatal (PN). Only NGF induced stable innervation and differentiation of neurosensory relationships, including supernumerary innervation characteristic of the intact bv. Denervation among the remaining 20% of inner hair cells induced a reactive wrapping by inner phalangeal and border cells which evidently extended inner hair cell survival. Immunocytochemical studies of these reactive supporting cells were done in the intact (8 PN) mutant cochlea. The supporting cells that provide sustenance to the denervated inner hair cells displayed strong BDNF (and possibly NT‐3) immunoreactivity. Subsequently, we revealed the presence of all three neurotrophins in the inner hair cell region of the developing (1–8 PN) cochlea of the normal ICR mouse. The inner hair cells expressed all three neurotrophins; BDNF prevailed in the inner phalangeal cells, NT‐3 in the pillar cells and inner phalangeal cells, and NGF in the pillar cells. In conclusion: initially, the 80% loss of inner hair cells is apparently caused by their failed afferent synaptogenesis. Exogenous neurotrophins influence synaptogenesis in the bv in culture, but NGF alone is successful in promoting stable neurosensory relationships. The presence of neurotrophins in supporting cells in the normal and degenerating cochlea indicates their role in the sustenance of inner hair cells.
Removing risk from safe motherhood
Authors: Rohde J.E. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractIt is necessary to differentiate between complications of pregnancy and population risk groups for those complications. The latter have limited use as most complications occur in the low risk groups. Complications of pregnancy need to be treated in health facilities that can provide blood transfusions, cesarean section, removal of placenta and induction of labor. A plan must exist for each pregnant woman to be moved to such a facility, since it is not possible to predict who will have the complication. Early detection and effective treatment of complications and family planning services to prevent unwanted pregnancies is the way to lower maternal mortality.
The impact of unregulated fertility on maternal and child survival
Authors: Senanayake P. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractAlmost all maternal and child deaths represent merely the endpoint of the ‘road to death’ — a combination of factors that include high‐risk pregnancy, socioeconomic disadvantage and inadequate health care. Unregulated fertility is the underlying cause of most high‐risk pregnancies. They are: unwanted; in mothers younger than 20 or older than 35; closely spaced; and in women who already have several children. The resulting morbidity and mortality create a cycle of further disadvantage, further increases in child mortality and further high‐risk pregnancies. Family planning is the single most important exit from the ‘road to death.’ Over the past 40 years it has contributed to the worldwide reduction in child mortality, and for every 100 women provided with family planning, a woman's life is saved.
Eclampsia: modern outlook on prevention and treatment
Authors: Hussain M.A. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis is a review article. Eclampsia is an almost preventable condition. The ratio of prostacycline and thromboxane is reversed in patients with preeclampsia and eclampsia. Lipid peroxides are also increased during pregnancy and there is lack of invasion of the spiral arteries by trophoblasts, particularly the second wave. A good predictive test is urgently needed to detect patients who are at risk of developing these conditions later in their pregnancy. Low‐dose aspirin is a promising preventive therapy in this group of women. Until we have good means of preventing preeclampsia and eclampsia, supportive care in treatment must be improved. Essential obstetric care (EOC) at all levels of health services should be established to reduce maternal mortality and morbidity from this condition, and the community educated and mobilized to respond appropriately in time of need.
Midwives and the achievement of safer motherhood
Authors: Peters M.H. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe root problem of unsafe motherhood in developing countries is lack of access to a competent care‐giver throughout pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. These resources, trained midwives, with or without prior nursing training, should be recruited from the communities they are to serve. Community midwives must be involved in any realistic strategic plan to provide this needed midwifery care.
A Low-temperature in situ Template Reduction-Carbonization Route to TiC Submicrometer Hollow Spheres and Nanorods
Authors: Tang Kaibin , Shen Guozhen , Chen Di , An Changhua , Wang Chunrui , Qian Yitai 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
TiC submicrometer hollow spheres and nanorods were successfully synthesized at relatively low temperature. The products were characterized by XRD, TEM, and ED procedures. A low-temperature in situ template reduction-carbonization mechanism was proposed.
Binuclear and Tetranuclear Copper(II) Complexes Bridged by Dimethylglyoxime
Authors: Chen Xiao-Yan , Cheng Peng , Liu Xuan-Wen , Yan Shi-Ping , Bu Wei-Ming , Liao Dai-Zheng , Jiang Zong-Hui 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
Two novel copper(II) complexes, [Cu4(tacn)2(Hdmg)2(dmg)2](ClO4)2 (1) and [Cu2(dmg)(Hdmg)(H2dmg)(H2O)]ClO4 (2), bridged by dimethylglyoxime have been synthesized and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction method.
Attachment anxiety and the dark triad increase stalking after breakups of romantic relationships through psychological maltreatment of romantic partners and reactions to breakups
Authors: Kanemasa Yuji , Miyagawa Yuki , Arai Takashi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study examined whether two personality traits, attachment anxiety, and the Dark Triad, longitudinally promote stalking behaviors after romantic breakups through psychological maltreatment of partners during relationships and maladjusted reactions to breakups. We conducted a prospective longitudinal study across four waves of assessment for 1 year of individuals in romantic relationships in Japan. They completed measures of attachment anxiety, the Dark Triad, need for control, and psychological intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration at Wave 1, and measures of maladjusted reactions to breakups (i.e., anger and rumination) and stalking behaviors at a wave after breakups. The final sample consisted of 356 participants who were involved in romantic relationships at Wave 1 and left by their partners during the survey period. Correlational analysis showed that the Dark Triad at Wave 1 was significantly positively associated with future stalking behaviors, but attachment anxiety was not. Structural equation modeling showed that attachment anxiety and the Dark Triad increased future stalking behaviors after breakups through psychological IPV perpetration during relationships. Additionally, attachment anxiety increased future stalking behaviors through higher levels of postbreakup anger and rumination. Conversely, we did not find any indirect effects of the Dark Triad on stalking behaviors through these reactions toward breakups. Overall, these results suggest that it is necessary to consider personality traits that could damage intimate relationships and to focus on the quality of romantic relationships to prevent stalking after romantic breakups. These results also indicate that emotion regulation may be useful in preventing stalking caused by attachment anxiety.
Real‐World Treatment and Care Patterns in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Initiating First‐Line Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor Therapy in the United States
Authors: Edgerton Colin , Frick Andrew , Helfgott Simon , Huston Kent Kwas , Singh Jasvinder A. , Zueger Patrick , Anyanwu Samuel I. , Patel Pankaj , Soloman Nehad 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveTreatment guidelines for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) recommend targeting low disease activity or remission and switching therapies for patients not reaching those targets. We evaluated real‐world use of disease activity measures, treatment discontinuation, and switching patterns among patients with RA initiating a first‐line tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi).MethodsData from adult patients with RA initiating a first‐line TNFi were collected from the American Rheumatology Network (January 2014–August 2021). The proportion of patients with recorded disease activity scores (Clinical Disease Activity Index [CDAI] or Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data 3 [RAPID3]) at TNFi initiation was assessed. Among patients with moderate or severe RA at TNFi initiation, reasons for discontinuation and subsequent advanced therapy were evaluated.ResultsAmong TNFi initiators (n = 15,182), 44.8% recorded a CDAI/RAPID3 score at treatment initiation; of those who did not, 47.0% had recorded a tender and/or swollen joint count or pain score. Among patients with moderate or severe RA (n = 1,651), 52% discontinued their initial TNFi during follow‐up, of which 15%, 46%, 28%, and 12% initiated the same TNFi, another TNFi, a non‐TNFi biologic, or a Janus kinase inhibitor, respectively. The proportion of patients restarting the same TNFi or initiating another TNFi varied according to TNFi discontinuation reason.ConclusionIn clinical practice, over half of patients with RA initiating a first‐line TNFi did not have baseline disease activity assessments. Many patients cycled through TNFi despite citing lack of efficacy as the most common reason for discontinuation. Consistent, objective monitoring of treatment response and timely switch to effective therapy is needed in patients with RA.
Adaptive consensus tracking control for robotic manipulators with nonlinear time‐varying fault‐tolerant actuator and unknown control input directions
Authors: Zhang Qianyi , Zhang Qingzhen , Liu Jinkun 
Published: January 2024

SummaryThe consensus tracking mechanism of a multi‐agent system consisting of third‐order nonlinear single joint manipulators was investigated in this study based on the pertinent industrial context. Unlike many previous studies on consensus control that presumed a known control direction, this investigation addressed the complex challenges posed by unknown control directions and time‐varying actuators. Specifically, we explored both time‐invariant and time‐varying actuator faults in scenarios wherein all parameters are unknown. The Nussbaum function was utilized to resolve time‐varying nonlinear fault‐tolerance and unknown control direction problems. In the design process of the control law, the backstepping method combining with Nussbaum function is adopted to address unmatched nonlinearity and unmatched uncertainty system, and the radial basis function neural network is used to approximate the unknown parameters The resulting control law allows all robotic manipulators to track the angle and angular velocity of the leader. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.