bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attainment of the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol treatment target and prognosis of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Tada H , Nomura A , Usui S , Sakata K , Takamura M , Kawashiri M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background and aims
No previous study has investigated the association between attainment of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol treatment target and better prognosis in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). The current research aimed to examine the association between attainment of LDL cholesterol treatment target and major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) in patients with FH to validate the current LDL cholesterol treatment targets in primary (&lt; 100 mg/dL) and secondary (&lt; 70 mg/dL) prevention settings.

Methods
The data of patients with FH who were admitted to our university hospital between 2000 and 2020 and who were followed-up were retrospectively reviewed. The number of MACEs, including mortality associated with cardiovascular disease, unstable angina, and myocardial infarction per 1,000 person-years, was calculated for each stratum for the attainment of LDL cholesterol target.

Results
The median follow-up duration was 12.6 years. In total, 132 MACEs were recorded during the follow-up period. The numbers of patients who attained the LDL cholesterol target in the primary and secondary prevention groups were 228 (31.9%) and 40 (11.9%), respectively. The event rates per 1,000 person-years for LDL cholesterol levels of &lt; 100 and ≥ 100 mg/dL in the primary prevention group were 2.6 and 4.4, respectively. The event rates per 1,000 person-years for LDL cholesterol levels of &lt; 70 and ≥ 70mg/dL in the secondary prevention group were 15.3 and 27.5, respectively.

Conclusion
Attainment of the LDL cholesterol target is associated with better prognosis in patients with FH. However, the attainment rate is currently inadequate among Japanese.
The exposome and nutritional pharmacology and toxicology: a new application for metabolomics
Authors: Rushing Blake R , Thessen Anne E , Soliman Ghada A , Ramesh Aramandla , Sumner Susan C J ,   Members of the Exposomics Consortium
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The exposome refers to all of the internal and external life-long exposures that an individual experiences. These exposures, either acute or chronic, are associated with changes in metabolism that will positively or negatively influence the health and well-being of individuals. Nutrients and other dietary compounds modulate similar biochemical processes and have the potential in some cases to counteract the negative effects of exposures or enhance their beneficial effects. We present herein the concept of Nutritional Pharmacology/Toxicology which uses high-information metabolomics workflows to identify metabolic targets associated with exposures. Using this information, nutritional interventions can be designed toward those targets to mitigate adverse effects or enhance positive effects. We also discuss the potential for this approach in precision nutrition where nutrients/diet can be used to target gene-environment interactions and other subpopulation characteristics. Deriving these “nutrient cocktails” presents an opportunity to modify the effects of exposures for more beneficial outcomes in public health.
The moderating influence of celebrity endorsement on intention to engage in infection prevention behaviours
Authors: Coffie Isaac Sewornu , Tweneboah-Koduah Ernest Yaw , Ocloo Elikem Chosniel , Mann Victoria 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although the use of celebrities for communication within social marketing to influence voluntary behaviour change has received significant attention, its application to promote infection preventive behaviours, such as frequent handwashing with soap, has received limited attention. Using the health belief model (HBM), the study examined the moderating effect of celebrity endorsement (CE) on the relationship between the predictors of HBM such as perceived severity, susceptibility, benefits, barriers, self-efficacy and target audiences’ intention to avoid handshaking, frequently wash hands with soap and cover mouth with an elbow when coughing. Data from 562 respondents were analysed using PLS-SEM. The result shows that CE significantly moderate the relationship between target audiences’ perception of severity, susceptibility, self-efficacy and cues to action and intention to perform the recommended infection preventive behaviours. Thus, when a celebrity is employed as a conduit for delivering a social marketing message, particularly about infection preventive behaviour, target audiences are more likely to take action to perform the recommended behaviour. Theoretically, the study shows that although the HBM has been extensively applied to explain health-related behaviours, using celebrities to endorse the various constructs of the HBM significantly enhances the predictive ability of the model.
Efficacy of PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor therapy in melanoma and beyond: are peripheral T cell phenotypes the key?
Authors: Flaherty Katie R , Kucykowicz Stephanie , Schroth Johannes , Traves Will , Mincham Kyle T , Finney George E 
Published: November 2023

Summary
Immunotherapy treatment strategies have proven effective in a limited portion of patients, where identifying responders from non-responders to treatment remains a challenge. While some indications can be drawn from invasive biopsies, we need more accessible methods for predicting response and better correlates of response prior to starting therapy. Recent work has identified differences in immune composition at baseline in peripheral blood from melanoma patients responding to PD-1 blockade treatment. Through flow cytometric analysis of T cell receptors, phenotypical features of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells and Tregs could allow for the stratification of treatment response. Analysing T cells within peripheral blood could potentially allow for the stratification of PD-1 treatment response prior to therapy in different cancer settings.
Second-Order Estimates for Transition Layers and a Curvature Estimate for the Parabolic Allen–Cahn
Authors: The Nguyen Huy , Wang Shengwen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The parabolic Allen–Cahn equation is a semilinear partial differential equation that is closely linked to the mean curvature flow by a singular perturbation. Motivated by the work of Wang–Wei [ 21] and Chodosh–Mantoulidis [ 3] in the elliptic setting, we initiate the corresponding regularity theory for parabolic Allen–Cahn flows. In particular, we establish an improved convergence property of parabolic Allen–Cahn flows to the mean curvature flow: if the phase-transition level sets converge in $C^{2}$, then they converge in $C^{2,\theta }$ as well. As an application, we obtain a curvature estimate for the parabolic Allen–Cahn equation, which can be seen as a diffused version of Brakke’s [ 1] and White’s [ 24] regularity theorems for mean curvature flow.
Generalizable pipeline for constructing HIV risk prediction models across electronic health record systems
Authors: May Sarah B , Giordano Thomas P , Gottlieb Assaf 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective
The HIV epidemic remains a significant public health issue in the United States. HIV risk prediction models could be beneficial for reducing HIV transmission by helping clinicians identify patients at high risk for infection and refer them for testing. This would facilitate initiation on treatment for those unaware of their status and pre-exposure prophylaxis for those uninfected but at high risk. Existing HIV risk prediction algorithms rely on manual construction of features and are limited in their application across diverse electronic health record systems. Furthermore, the accuracy of these models in predicting HIV in females has thus far been limited.

Materials and methods
We devised a pipeline for automatic construction of prediction models based on automatic feature engineering to predict HIV risk and tested our pipeline on a local electronic health records system and a national claims data. We also compared the performance of general models to female-specific models.

Results
Our models obtain similarly good performance on both health record datasets despite difference in represented populations and data availability (AUC = 0.87). Furthermore, our general models obtain good performance on females but are also improved by constructing female-specific models (AUC between 0.81 and 0.86 across datasets).

Discussion and conclusions
We demonstrated that flexible construction of prediction models performs well on HIV risk prediction across diverse health records systems and perform as well in predicting HIV risk in females, making deployment of such models into existing health care systems tangible.
Deciphering the putative bioactive metabolites and the underlying mechanism of Juniperus horizontalis Moench (Creeping juniper) in the treatment of inflammation using network pharmacology and molecular docking
Authors: El-Banna Alaa A , Shawky Eman , Celik Ismail , Ghareeb Doaa A , Abdulmalek Shaymaa A , Darwish Reham S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the chemical composition of the alcoholic extract from creeping juniper leaves using HPLC-MS/MS and to elucidate its potential anti-inflammatory mechanism through network-based pharmacology analysis to collectively enable a systematic exploration of the chemical composition, mechanism of action, and therapeutic potential of the alcoholic extract from creeping juniper leaves, providing valuable insights into its suitability as an anti-inflammatory agent.

Methods
Chemical profiling of the alcoholic extract of creeping juniper leaves using HPLC-MS/MS and revealing its anti-inflammatory mechanism using network-based pharmacology. Further, isolation of some of the identified biomarkers, assessment of their ex-vivo anti-inflammatory activity, and determination of their binding to pro-inflammatory cytokines using molecular docking and dynamics.

Key findings
Thirty-seven compounds were annotated and forwarded to network pharmacology analysis which revealed that the highest interactions were exhibited by quercetin, cosmosiin, myricetin, amentoflavone, hyperoside, isorhamnetin, and quercitrin whereas the most enriched inflammatory targets were IL-2, PGF, VEGFA, and TNFs. PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, arachidonic acid metabolism, and MAPK signaling pathway were found to be the most enriched ones. Six hit compounds were isolated and identified as hyperoside, quercetrin, cupressuflavone, hinokiflavone, amentoflavone, and quercetin. The isolated compounds showed strong anti-inflammatory activity against TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, and molecular docking and dynamics simulation showed that quercetin, quercitrin, and hyperoside had the least binding energy with TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1B, respectively.

Conclusions
Creeping juniper may reduce inflammation based on the suggested multi-compounds and multi-pathways, and that provided the basis for creeping juniper use as a potential anti-inflammatory drug.
A framework of biomarkers for skeletal aging: a consensus statement by the Aging Biomarker Consortium
Authors:   Aging Biomarker Consortium, Suo Jinlong , Gan Yibo , Xie Yangli , Xu Shuqin , Wang Jianfang , Chen Di , Chen Lin , Deng Lianfu , Feng Shiqing , Han Jingdong Jackie , Jiang Qing , Lei Guanghua , Liu Peng , Luo Xianghang , Ma Xin , Qu Jing , Song Chunli , Tang Peifu , Tang Tingting , Wang Sijia , Wei Xiaochun , Wu Chengtie , Xiao Guozhi , Yang Liu , Zhang Licheng , Zhang Weiqi , Zhang Zhenlin , Liu Guang-Hui , Zhang Changqing , Pei Gang , Luo Jian , Yue Rui , Zou Weiguo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The skeleton is an important structural and metabolic organ in human body, while aging is the physiological basis for degenerative skeletal diseases. China has the largest aging population in the world and faces great challenges in preventing and managing diseases related to skeletal aging. To address these challenges, the Aging China Biomarkers Consortium (ABC) has reached an expert consensus on biomarkers of skeletal aging by synthesizing the literature and insights from scientists and clinicians. The consensus provides a comprehensive assessment of biomarkers associated with skeletal aging and proposes a systematic framework that categorizes biomarkers into three dimensions, namely, functional, structural, and humoral dimensions. Within each dimension, the ABC recommended clinical and evidential research-based biomarkers for physiological aging and degenerative pathologies of the skeleton. This expert consensus aims to lay the foundation for future studies to assess the prediction, diagnosis, early warning, and treatment of diseases associated with skeletal aging, with the ultimate goal of improving the skeletal health of elderly populations in China and around the world.
Morphology of the Female and Male Reproductive Tracts and More Data on the Spermatostyle in the Brazilian Gyretes sp. (Coleoptera, Adephaga, Gyrinidae)
Authors: Salazar Karen , Novais Ademária , Lino-Neto José , Serrão José Eduardo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We investigated the male and female reproductive tracts of Gyretes sp. with light and transmission electron microscopies. The male has a pair of testes with a single coiled follicle, followed by short efferent ducts, which have a similar shape and diameter to the testes. Long ducts (epididymides) with differential epithelium open in a pair of long vasa deferentia that lead to the accessory glands. Glycoprotein secretions from the vas deferens epithelium constitute the spermatostyle for spermatozoa aggregation. The female has numerous ovarioles per ovary, a coiled fertilization duct, an accessory gland, and an elongated vagina. Spermatozoa are stored as unaggregated cells in the fertilization duct. In Gyrinidae, the testes and accessory glands show diverse shapes, and the female sperm storage organs vary in shape, size, and type and may play a role in the interaction with sperm aggregates. Testes with a single follicle and vasa deferentia opening in the accessory glands of Gyretes sp. are features shared with other Gyrinidae and other Adephaga. We proposed adding this latter trait to characterize this suborder of beetles. The morphology of the reproductive organs in both sexes contributes to comparative analyses and knowledge of the reproductive biology of Gyretes and may provide additional features for systematics.
Weak secondary cyclotron line in eclipsing high-mass X-ray binary Cen X-3
Authors: Dangal Pravat , Misra Ranjeev , Chakradhari N K , Bhulla Yashpal 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
We report the time-resolved spectroscopy results from two observations of Centaurus X-3, over one binary orbit with AstroSat and two binary orbits with Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR). NuSTAR covered two intensity states where the light curve showed transition in count rate from first to second binary orbit by a factor of ∼3. A phenomenological model comprising of partially absorbed power law with smoothed high energy cutoff, cyclotron absorption ∼24 and 6.4 keV iron emission gave good fit for AstroSat observation. NuSTAR spectra required two additional emission components, a broad one ∼5.7 keV and a narrow one ∼6.9 keV. A weak secondary absorption feature at ∼11.6 and ∼ 14.5 keV was seen in the residuals of the spectral fit for AstroSat and NuSTAR data, respectively. The secondary absorption energy showed no correlation with the cutoff energy. Its strength varied within 0.1–0.6 keV with its width ∼1.6 keV. Its energy and optical depth showed linear positive correlation with the fundamental cyclotron line energy and depth, respectively. The cyclotron line energy showed anticorrelation to flux described by a power law with negative index and the secondary absorption also showed similar trend to flux. Depth of secondary absorption was ∼45 per cent and centroid energy was ∼54 per cent of fundamental. Depth and energy ratio of secondary to fundamental lied within 2σ deviation from 0.5. We suggest this secondary absorption to be a redshifted dipolar cyclotron resonance feature exhibiting sub-harmonic behaviour.
Expression Atlas update: insights from sequencing data at both bulk and single cell level
Authors: George Nancy , Fexova Silvie , Fuentes Alfonso Munoz , Madrigal Pedro , Bi Yalan , Iqbal Haider , Kumbham Upendra , Nolte Nadja Francesca , Zhao Lingyun , Thanki Anil S , Yu Iris D , Marugan Calles Jose C , Erdos Karoly , Vilmovsky Liora , Kurri Sandeep R , Vathrakokoili-Pournara Anna , Osumi-Sutherland David , Prakash Ananth , Wang Shengbo , Tello-Ruiz Marcela K , Kumari Sunita , Ware Doreen , Goutte-Gattat Damien , Hu Yanhui , Brown Nick , Perrimon Norbert , Vizcaíno Juan Antonio , Burdett Tony , Teichmann Sarah , Brazma Alvis , Papatheodorou Irene 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Expression Atlas (www.ebi.ac.uk/gxa) and its newest counterpart the Single Cell Expression Atlas (www.ebi.ac.uk/gxa/sc) are EMBL-EBI’s knowledgebases for gene and protein expression and localisation in bulk and at single cell level. These resources aim to allow users to investigate their expression in normal tissue (baseline) or in response to perturbations such as disease or changes to genotype (differential) across multiple species. Users are invited to search for genes or metadata terms across species or biological conditions in a standardised consistent interface. Alongside these data, new features in Single Cell Expression Atlas allow users to query metadata through our new cell type wheel search. At the experiment level data can be explored through two types of dimensionality reduction plots, t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (tSNE) and Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP), overlaid with either clustering or metadata information to assist users’ understanding. Data are also visualised as marker gene heatmaps identifying genes that help confer cluster identity. For some data, additional visualisations are available as interactive cell level anatomograms and cell type gene expression heatmaps.
Job creation and deep decarbonization
Authors: Gallagher Kelly Sims , Oh Soyoung 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper explores whether economic viability is the key to achieve deep decarbonization or net zero emissions. The hypothesis tested is that popular support for decarbonization policies is conditional upon most people’s belief that their economic well-being will improve, or at least not suffer with these policies. While GDP growth is the typical metric for economic health, a more useful socio-economic indicator for gauging the political viability of climate policies may be job creation. Specifically, the paper reviews the existing evidence about whether climate policies are more successful in achieving deep decarbonization in the long run if policy-makers include job creation as well as emissions reductions when designing and implementing climate policies, because, to date, climate policy-makers have often focused on emissions reductions as the primary criterion for policy choice. While empirical evidence remains thin, we find that job creation in low-carbon industries appears to lead to greater political support for the climate policies that contribute to decarbonization, but employment factors are not always the most salient factor in a voter’s decision. We also find empirical evidence that clean energy deployment policies, such as feed-in tariffs, have led to significant net gains in employment in the countries that have been studied. The review points to several policy implications, including the need to assess competitive advantage, develop plans, design and execute industrial policy, and develop a low-carbon workforce.
The conflict of impact for early career researchers planning for a future in the academy
Authors: Wróblewska Marta Natalia , Balaban Corina , Derrick Gemma , Benneworth Paul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It has been argued that due to the growing importance attributed to research impact and forms of its evaluation, an academic ‘culture of impact’ is emerging. It would include certain concepts, values, and skills related to the area of generating and documenting impact. We use thematic and discourse analysis to analyse open answers from 100 questionnaires on research impact submitted by ECRs working in the social sciences and humanities (SSH) in Europe. We explore ECR’s early-career stage positions relative to societal impact and the trade-offs necessary to assure an academic career. The results show how, as the first generation of scholars to be socialized towards value of academic research beyond academia, ECRs are confronted with policy signals that encourage a drive for impact, which are at the same time often in line with respondents’ personal values around impact beyond academia. However, ECRs face a number of competing signals about research value within the evaluation spaces necessary to navigate an academic career. Current evaluative structures often dismiss the achievement of societal impact favouring instead narrower definitions of research excellence. Career structures and organizational realities are often unfavourable to impact-related activity, which has implications for an ECRs’ ability to develop coherent professional positionings.
Pay, Stay, or Delay? How to Settle a Run
Authors: Matta Rafael , Perotti Enrico 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The classic view assumes banks prioritize immediate repayment by selling assets until default. We endogenize run frequency and study how general settlement rules trade off liquidity provision net of fire sale losses against induced run incentives. Panic runs are eliminated when all illiquid assets are sold under orderly resolution, but liquidity provision in a run is minimal. When suspension after some fire sales is followed by immediate liquidation, run frequency falls then rises in suspension delay. Thus, optimal suspension may require some sale of illiquid assets, in contrast to MMF norms. Ex post discretion induces excessive liquidation and more frequent runs. (JEL D8, G21)
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Laparoscopic Versus Open Radical Nephrectomy for Paediatric Renal Tumours with Focus on Wilms’ Tumour
Authors: Mentessidou Anastasia , Djendov Florin , Long Anna-May , Jackson Claire 
Published: November 2023

Objective:
To summarize and evaluate the outcomes of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN) and compare its safety and efficacy with open radical nephrectomy (ORN) in paediatric renal tumours (RT) and Wilms’ tumour (WT).

Summary Background Data:
ORN is the gold standard treatment for paediatric RT, consisting predominantly of WT. LRN is gaining popularity but remains controversial in paediatric surgical oncology.

Methods:
Systematic search was performed for all eligible studies on LRN and comparative studies between LRN and ORN in paediatric RT and WT. Meta-analysis, subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were conducted. Main endpoints were the cancer-related outcomes and surgical morbidity. PRISMA guidelines were followed.

Results:
No level I-II studies were identified. LRN was feasible in nearly 1 in 5 paediatric RT and WT after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, with pooled mid-term oncological outcomes (<7% local recurrence, >90% event-free survival) comparable with those of ORN. There was no strong evidence of increased risk of intraoperative tumour spillage, but lymph node harvest was inadequate in LRN. Large tumours crossing the ipsilateral spinal border were associated with a trend for intraoperative complications and positive margins. Pooled complications rate and hospital stay duration were similar between LRN and ORN. Long-term (>3-year) outcomes are unknown.

Conclusions:
Available level III evidence indicates that LRN is a safe alternative to ORN for carefully selected cases, with similar spillage rates and mid-term oncological outcomes. However, there was no advantage in surgical morbidity and lymph node harvest was inadequate with LRN. Tumour matched-group studies with long-term follow-up are required.

Level of Evidence:
III