bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of sharp microstructural gradients on the fatigue crack growth resistance of α+β and near‐α titanium alloys
Authors: BENEDETTI M. , HEIDEMANN J. , PETERS J. O. , LÜTJERING G. 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACTThe present study focuses on the effect of microstructural gradients on the fatigue crack growth resistance of Ti‐6Al‐4V and Ti‐6242 titanium alloys. Sharp microstructural gradients from fine‐grained bimodal to coarse‐grained lamellar microstructures were obtained by heat treating only a portion of fine‐grained plates in the β single‐phase field using a high‐frequency induction coil. For fatigue crack growth from a bimodal into a lamellar microstructure, it was found that the initial crack extension past the microstructural transition within the lamellar microstructure shows the same crack growth resistance as the reference bimodal microstructure. Similarly, for fatigue crack growth from a lamellar into a bimodal microstructure, the initial crack extension past the microstructural transition within the bimodal microstructure shows same crack growth resistance as the reference lamellar microstructure. Based on detailed crack front profile investigations using optical light and scanning electron microscopy as well as heat tinting procedures, these findings can be mainly attributed to the effect of the crack front geometry.
Inadvertent epidural infusion of paracetamol in a child
Authors: COURRÈGES P. 
Published: September 2005

SummaryAn 11‐year‐old boy underwent lumbar epidural anesthesia under general anesthesia to provide intra‐ and postoperative analgesia for a severe burn of his lower limb. A dural tap at the L4–L5 space occurred during the epidural approach. A second attempt through the upper intervertebral space was successful. Postoperatively, the boy was given both continuous epidural analgesia and intravenous (i.v.) infusions. These latter were provided using two similar double track pumps. At the 36th postoperative hour a nurse injected paracetamol using inadvertently the epidural instead of the i.v. pump. The mistake was repeated 6 h later. The boy experienced both headache and vomiting. Symptoms seemed to be a mechanical rather than a toxic complication. They disappeared for 48 h under treatment including saline and caffeine. Neurological examinations stayed normal. No sequelae were noted. The frequency of this type of medication incident is probably underestimated. The literature notes a large list of injected drugs, but paracetamol had never been described.
Torsade de pointes during sevoflurane anesthesia in a child with congenital long QT syndrome
Authors: SAUSSINE MAX , MASSAD ISLAM , RACZKA FRANCK , DAVY JEAN‐MARC , FRAPIER JEAN‐MARC 
Published: September 2005

SummaryWe present a case of congenital long QT syndrome which developed torsade de pointes during sevoflurane anesthesia for implantation of an internal cardioverter‐defibrillator. The diagnosis, implications and treatment are discussed.
Anesthetic management of pial synangiosis and intracranial hemorrhage with a Fontan circulation
Authors: SUBRAMANIAM BALACHUNDHAR , SORIANO SULPICIO G. , MICHAEL SCOTT R. , KUSSMAN BARRY D. 
Published: September 2005

SummaryWe report the case of a 11‐year‐old girl with Moyamoya syndrome, who had undergone staged‐repair of tricuspid atresia to a Fontan circulation, scheduled to undergo bilateral pial synangiosis. Surgery for the first hemisphere was complicated by intracranial hemorrhage requiring an emergency craniotomy. The case highlights the importance of understanding Fontan physiology and its interrelationship with the cerebral circulation in the setting of cerebrovascular insufficiency and raised intracranial pressure.
The efficacy of a subhypnotic dose of propofol in preventing laryngospasm following tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy in children
Authors: BATRA YATINDRA KUMAR , IVANOVA MAYA , ALI SYED SHUJAT , SHAMSAH MOHAMMED , QATTAN ABDUL RAHEEM AL , BELANI KUMAR G. 
Published: September 2005

SummaryBackground:  Laryngospasm is a well‐known problem typically occurring immediately following tracheal extubation. Propofol is known to inhibit airway reflexes. In this study, we sought to assess whether the empiric use of a subhypnotic dose of propofol prior to emergence will decrease the occurrence of laryngospasm following extubation in children.Methods:  After approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee and informed parental consent, we enrolled 120 children ASA physical status I and II, aged 3–14 years who were scheduled to undergo elective tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy under standard general anesthesia. Before extubation, the patients were randomized and received in a blinded fashion either propofol 0.5 mg·kg−1 or saline (control) intravenously. Tracheal extubation was performed 60 s after administration of study drug, when the child was breathing regularly and reacting to the tracheal tube.Results:  Laryngospasm was seen in 20% (n = 12) of the 60 children in the control group and in only 6.6% (n = 4) of 60 children in the propofol group (P < 0.05).Conclusions:  During emergence from inhalational anesthesia, propofol in a subhypnotic dose (0.5 mg·kg−1) decreases the likelihood of laryngospasm upon tracheal extubation in children undergoing tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy.
Severe hepatotoxicity after sevoflurane anesthesia in a child with mild renal dysfunction
Authors: JANG YOUNGHO , KIM INSOO 
Published: September 2005

SummarySevoflurane, an anesthetic agent with methyl isopropyl fluorinated ether structure, has a very low potential for hepatotoxicity. Nevertheless, a few cases of hepatotoxicity have been reported since its introduction into clinical practice. The underlying pathophysiology may be multifactorial and sometimes nonspecific. We report a case of severe hepatotoxicity after anesthesia with sevoflurane in a child with preexisting mild renal dysfunction.
The Predictive Value of Abbreviated Migraine Diagnostic Criteria
Authors: Martin Vincent T. , Penzien Donald B. , Houle Timothy T. , Andrew Michael E. , Lofland Kenneth R. 
Published: September 2005

Objective.—To determine the operating characteristics and predictive value of abbreviated criteria for the diagnosis of migraine headache.Background.—The International Headache Society (IHS) diagnostic criteria for migraine have been adopted in limited fashion in clinical practice. Primary care physicians in particular deal with innumerable conditions and diagnostic algorithms. Unless the IHS criteria are simplified the recognition of migraine headache in primary care settings will not be apt to improve.Methods.—This study was a retrospective analysis of four discrete research databases: headache clinic patients (N = 390), private practice neurology patients (N = 290), college students (N = 99), and community‐based patients (N = 784). Physicians and psychologists expert in the diagnostic criteria for migraine headache syndromes conducted a standardized diagnostic interview in all patients (N = 1524). Each was later assigned an IHS headache diagnosis by a previously validated computer‐based algorithm. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy were calculated for single‐ and multiple‐variable models of migraine predictors. Optimal models were defined as those with positive likelihood ratios (+LRs) of >4.5 and negative likelihood ratios (−LRs) of <0.25 for the combined population.Results.—The only optimal single‐variable model was nausea, which had an overall +LR of 4.8 and −LR of 0.23. None of the two‐variable models met criteria for an optimal model. The best of the optimal three‐variable models were nausea/photophobia/pulsating (+LR 6.7, −LR 0.23) and nausea/photophobia/worsening with physical activity (+LR 5.9, −LR 0.21). These three models maintained positive predictive values >0.80 in all 4 patient populations and negative predictive values >0.70 in the majority of populations.Conclusion.—The single‐variable model of nausea and the three‐variable models of nausea/photophobia/worse with exertion and nausea/phonophobia/pulsating can effectively predict migraine in diverse clinical settings. These models however, should only be applied after a careful exclusion of secondary headache disorders.
A Self‐Administered Behavioral Intervention Using Tailored Messages for Migraine
Authors: Nicholson Robert , Nash Justin , Andrasik Frank 
Published: September 2005

Objective.—The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a Self‐Administered Behavioral Intervention using Tailored messages (SEABIT) for migraine. The primary measures were headache days, headache‐related disability, behavioral/emotional factors, and headache‐related beliefs.Background.—Behavioral and cognitive‐behavioral interventions for migraine treatment are well established and possess “Grade‐A” evidence based on the U.S. Headache Consortium evidence‐based guidelines. To increase the accessibility of behavioral interventions in primary and other settings, treatment can be delivered in self‐administered formats. Incorporating tailored health communication strategies (via tailored messages) into a self‐administered format can help maintain a level of personalization without requiring regular visits to a behavioral specialist. Tailored messages are created using individual‐level assessment data to educate and motivate the patient to develop behavioral skills and strategies for migraine prevention and management.Methods.—Twenty‐five individuals (95% female, 90% Caucasian, mean headache years = 21.0) began and 84% (21/25) completed all phases of the 8‐week SEABIT developed for migraine prevention (preceded by a 1‐month baseline phase and followed by a 1‐month postintervention phase).Results.—Overall, 62% (13/21) reported at least a 50% reduction in headache frequency, and mean headache frequency for the group was also significantly reduced from baseline to postintervention (16.9 vs. 10.7, P < .001; η2= .61). Headache‐related disability, behavioral/emotional factors, and headache‐management self‐efficacy also showed significant improvement.Conclusion.—The findings suggest that the SEABIT for migraine prevention is an effective behavioral intervention that potentially could be accessed and distributed in a variety of settings including primary care.
Defining the Relationship Between Ovarian Hormones and Migraine Headache
Authors: Martin Vincent T. , Wernke Suzanne , Mandell Karen , Ramadan Nabih , Kao Lily , Bean Judy , Liu James , Zoma Willie , Rebar Robert 
Published: September 2005

Objective.—(1) To determine whether the attack characteristics of migraine differ between different intervals of the menstrual cycle; (2) To ascertain whether the “rate of change,”“magnitude of change,” or “total burden” of urinary hormone metabolites correlates with headaches outcome measures during different intervals of the menstrual cycle.Background.—The mechanisms through which migraines are influenced by ovarian hormones remain unclear. No previous studies until now have identified “hormonally defined” time intervals within the female menstrual cycle and compared headache outcome measures among these intervals in female migraineurs.Methods.—Daily headache diary data were obtained from 21 female migraineurs during three native menstrual cycles. Daily urine samples were collected and later assayed for estrogen and progesterone metabolites. Seven 3‐day time intervals were identified within each menstrual cycle based on urine hormone measurements. Primary (headache index) and secondary (disability index, headache severity, and headache frequency) outcome measures were compared between intervals using the mixed model approach. “Rates of change,”“magnitude of change,” and the “total burden” of ovarian hormones were estimated from urine hormone metabolites and correlated with headache outcome measures.Results.—The headache index was significantly different across different intervals of the menstrual cycle (P values <.001) and was higher during menstrual intervals (first 6 days of the menstrual cycle) than during mid‐cycle and mid‐luteal intervals (P < .002). Similarly, secondary outcome measures were highest during the menstrual intervals. “Higher burdens” of urinary progesterone metabolites were positively correlated with headache outcome measures during the luteal intervals of the menstrual cycle. “Rates of change” and the “magnitude of change” of urinary hormone metabolites did not correlate with headache outcome measures.Conclusions.—Migraine headache is more severe, disabling, and frequent during the menstrual intervals of the female reproductive cycle than during mid‐luteal or mid‐cycle intervals. Progesterone metabolites may play a role in modulating migraine headaches during luteal intervals of the menstrual cycle.
Prevalence of HFE (Hemochromatosis) Gene Mutations in Patients With Cluster Headache
Authors: Rainero Innocenzo , Rivoiro Chiara , Rubino Elisa , Milli Valentina , Valfrè Walter , De Martino Paola , Lo Giudice Rossana , Angilella Giuseppina , Savi Lidia , Gallone Salvatore , Pinessi Lorenzo 
Published: September 2005

Objective.—To evaluate whether polymorphisms of the HFE gene would modify the occurrence and the clinical features of cluster headache (CH).Background.—Recent studies suggested that iron metabolism may be involved in the pathophysiology of primary headaches. The HFE gene encodes for a protein that modulates iron absorption. Mutations in this gene are responsible for toxic iron overload in several body organs.Methods.—Genomic DNA was extracted from 109 CH patients and 211 age and sex‐matched healthy controls and genotyped for the C282Y and H63D mutations of the HFE gene. Allele and genotype frequencies of the HFE gene were compared between cases and controls. The clinical characteristics of the disease were compared according to the different HFE gene genotypes.Results.—No C282Y mutation was found in both cases and controls. The prevalence of the H63D mutation was nearly identical in cases and controls. The four patients carrying the HFE D63D genotype showed a significantly (P < .001) later age at onset of the disease in comparison with both H63H and H63D patients. The remaining clinical characteristics of the disease did not significantly differ in the presence or absence of the H63D mutation.Conclusion.—Our data do not support the hypothesis that genetic variations within the HFE gene are associated with CH. However, the HFE gene may influence the disease phenotype and may be regarded as a disease modifier gene.
Familial Hemiplegic Migraine Presenting as Recurrent Encephalopathy in a Native Indian Family
Authors: Spacey Sian D. , Vanmolkot Kaate R. J. , Murphy Colleen , Van Den Maagdenberg Arn M. J. M. , Hsiung Robin G. Y. 
Published: September 2005

Background.—Familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) is an autosomal dominant disorder, which can result from mutations in the CACNA1A (FHM1) and ATP1A2 (FHM2) genes. Typically, FHM presents with an aura of hemiplegia accompanied by a moderate‐to‐severe headache. FHM can be associated with other neurological findings including coma and seizures.Methods.—We describe the clinical and genetic features of a two‐generation, seven‐member Native Indian family with recurrent encephalopathy and FHM.Results.—Two of the three affected family members presented initially with encephalopathy, the third family member presented with classic episodes of migraine and hemiparesis. The CACNA1A gene locus was excluded in this family by haplotype analysis and no mutations were identified in the coding region of the ATP1A2 gene by direct sequencing.Conclusions.—This emphasizes the genetic and clinical heterogeneity in familial hemiplagic migraine FHM and highlights the need to consider the diagnosis of FHM in cases of recurrent encephalopathy.
Potential for Alcohol and Prescription Drug Interactions in Older People
Authors: Pringle Kristine E. , Ahern Frank M. , Heller Debra A. , Gold Carol H. , Brown Theresa V. 
Published: September 2005

Objectives: To examine the patterns and prevalence of concomitant alcohol and alcohol‐interactive (AI) drug use in older people.Design: Cross‐sectional analysis of survey and prescription claims data.Setting: The Pennsylvania Pharmaceutical Assistance Contract for the Elderly (PA‐PACE) program, a state‐funded program providing prescription benefits to older people with low to moderate incomes.Participants: A total of 83,321 PA‐PACE cardholders (age range 65–106) who were using any prescription medications at the time of survey completion.Measurements: All AI drugs were identified using a database of medication warning labels obtained from First DataBank. Prescription drug claims were used to characterize AI drug exposure according to therapeutic class of prescription drug use. A mail survey of PA‐PACE cardholders was used to examine alcohol use, as well as sociodemographic and health factors associated with concomitant use of alcohol and AI drugs.Results: Seventy‐seven percent of all prescription drug users were exposed to AI medications, with significant variation in exposure and concomitant alcohol use according to therapeutic class. Overall, 19% of AI drug users reported concomitant alcohol use, compared with 26% of non‐AI drug users (P<.001). Multinomial logistic regression analyses showed that certain groups of older people, including younger older people, men, and those with higher educational levels, were at greater risk for concomitant exposure to alcohol and AI drugs.Conclusion: Many older people use alcohol in combination with AI prescription drugs. Clinicians should warn every patient who is prescribed an AI drug about alcohol–drug interactions, especially those at high risk for concomitant exposure.
Relationships between trauma and psychosis: an exploration of cognitive and dissociative factors
Authors: Kilcommons A. M. , Morrison A. P. 
Published: September 2005

Objective:  There is a growing awareness of the relationship between trauma and psychosis. Studies have found associations between traumatic life experiences and the development of psychosis.Method:  This study examined the prevalence of trauma exposure and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in 32 people with psychotic diagnoses and investigated associations between specific traumas and psychotic symptoms. The role of dissociation and cognitive factors was also explored.Results:  The prevalence of lifetime trauma was high (94% of the sample reported at least one traumatic event). The prevalence of current PTSD was 53%. Severity of trauma was associated with severity of PTSD and psychotic experiences. Physical abuse was associated with positive psychotic symptoms and sexual abuse was specifically related to hallucinations. Dissociative processes and negative beliefs formed as a result of trauma were associated with psychotic experiences (particularly hallucinations).Conclusion:  These findings are consistent with the suggestion that psychosis may be trauma‐induced, and other implications are considered.
Neuropsychological test profiles in schizophrenia and non‐psychotic depression
Authors: Rund B. R. , Sundet K. , Asbjørnsen A. , Egeland J. , Landrø N. I. , Lund A. , Roness A. , Stordal K. I. , Hugdahl K. 
Published: September 2005

Objective:  The study examined to what degree schizophrenia is characterized by a neuropsychological (NP) test profile specific in shape and level compared with depression and normal functioning.Method:  Fifty‐three patients with schizophrenia, 45 with non‐psychotic depression, and 50 normals were assessed with a comprehensive NP test battery and clinical instruments. NP test scores were factor analyzed into seven composite scores.Results:  Schizophrenia patients performed significantly below normals across all seven composite scores, whereas depression patients were impaired in two. Verbal memory was most impaired. Sixty‐two percent of schizophrenia patients were moderately or severely impaired, the corresponding figure for depression was 28%. Impairment was moderately associated with IQ level and clinical symptom load in schizophrenia, but not in depression.Conclusion:  Schizophrenia is characterized by deficits across a wide range of NP functions. Thirty‐eight percent of the patients are within normal limits. A mild and limited NP disturbance is apparent in depression.
Positive symptoms and duration of illness predict functional laterality and attention modulation in schizophrenia
Authors: Løberg E.‐M. , Jørgensen H. A. , Green M. F. , Rund B. R. , Lund A. , Diseth Å. , Øie M. , Hugdahl K. 
Published: September 2005

Objective:  Dichotic listening (DL) performance in schizophrenia, reflecting hemispheric asymmetry and the functional integrity of the left temporal lobe, can vary with clinical characteristics. Previous studies have not taken the co‐linearity of clinical variables into account. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the roles of positive symptoms and duration of illness in DL through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), thus allowing for complex relationships between the variables.Method:  We pooled patients from four previous DL studies to create a heterogeneous group of 129 schizophrenic patients, all tested with a consonant‐vowel syllables DL procedure that included attentional instructions.Results:  A model where positive symptoms predicted a laterality component and duration of illness predicted an attention component in DL was confirmed.Conclusion:  Positive symptoms predicted reduced functional laterality, suggesting involvement of left temporal lobe language processing. Duration of illness predicted impaired attention modulation, possibly reflecting the involvement of frontotemporal networks.
Galton Misrepresented
Authors: Gilchrist Warren 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Sir Francis Galton is often referred to in the statistical literature as the originator of many of the ideas and tools of the modern statistician. But even a casual look at the historical literature shows that many of his ideas were altered by later, more mathematical statisticians, losing some valuable insights in the process. Warren Gilchrist explores three of these ideas.
High-Level β-Lactam Resistance and Cell Wall Synthesis Catalyzed by the
mecA
Homologue of
Staphylococcus sciuri
Introduced into
Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Severin Anatoly , Wu Shang Wei , Tabei Keiko , Tomasz Alexander 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACT

A close homologue of
mecA
, the determinant of broad-spectrum β-lactam resistance in
Staphylococcus aureus
was recently identified as a native gene in the animal commensal species
Staphylococcus sciuri
. Introduction of the
mecA
homologue from a methicillin-resistant strain of
S. sciuri
into a susceptible strain of
S. aureus
caused an increase in drug resistance and allowed continued growth and cell wall synthesis of the bacteria in the presence of high concentrations of antibiotic. We determined the muropeptide composition of the
S. sciuri
cell wall by using a combination of high-performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometric analysis, and Edman degradation. Several major differences between the cell walls of
S. aureus
and
S. sciuri
were noted. The pentapeptide branches in
S. sciuri
were composed of one alanine and four glycine residues in contrast to the pentaglycine units in
S. aureus
. The
S. sciuri
wall but not the wall of
S. aureus
contained tri- and tetrapeptide units, suggesting the presence of
dd
- and
ld
-carboxypeptidase activity. Most interestingly,
S. aureus
carrying the
S. sciuri mecA
and growing in methicillin-containing medium produced a cell wall typical of
S. aureus
and not
S. sciuri
, in spite of the fact that wall synthesis under these conditions had an absolute dependence on the heterologous
S. sciuri
gene product. The protein product of the
S. sciuri mecA
can efficiently participate in cell wall biosynthesis and build a cell wall using the cell wall precursors characteristic of the
S. aureus
host.