bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UAV-mounted Ground Penetrating Radar: an example for the stability analysis of a mountain rock debris slope
Authors: Salvini Riccardo , Beltramone Luisa , De Lucia Vivien , Ermini Andrea , Vanneschi Claudio , Zei Caterina , Silvestri Daniele , Rindinella Andrea 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper describes scientific research conducted to highlight the potential of an integrated GPR-UAV system in engineering-geological applications. The analysis focused on the stability of a natural scree slope in the Germanasca Valley, in the western Italian Alps. As a consequence of its steep shape and the related geological hazard, the study used different remote sensed methodologies such as UAV photogrammetry and geophysics survey by a GPR-drone integrated system. Furthermore, conventional in-situ surveys led to the collection of geological and geomorphological data. The use of the UAV-mounted GPR allowed us to investigate the bedrock depth under the detrital slope deposit, using a non-invasive technique able to conduct surveys on inaccessible areas prone to hazardous conditions for operators. The collected evidence and the results of the analysis highlighted the stability of the slope with Factors of Safety, verified in static conditions (i.e., natural static condition and static condition with snow cover), slightly above the stability limit value of 1. On the contrary, the dynamic loading conditions (i.e., seismic action applied) showed a Factor of Safety below the stability limit value. The UAV-mounted GPR represented an essential contribution to the surveys allowing the definition of the interface debris deposit-bedrock, which are useful to design the slope model and to evaluate the scree slope stability in different conditions.
Diverse Sexual Definitions and Their Predictors Among Adolescents: A Multilevel Analysis in Hungary
Authors: Eörsi Daniel , Major David , Arva Dorottya , Bikas Luca , Nagy Norbert , Fazekas-Pongor Vince , Horváth Ferenc , Terebessy András 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Inconsistency of sexual definitions may lead to misunderstandings when evaluating research data or delivering health education. Diverse sexual definitions are especially common with unidirectional genital contacts (only one participant is involved with their genitals). Our aim was to analyze sexual definitions of adolescents and the role of age, gender, previous sexual experience, anxiety, and body image as possible determinants of unidirectional intimate behavior definitions.

Methods
Pooled cross-sectional survey data of 9th-grade Hungarian students (n = 612, mean age = 16.1 years, range from 15 to 18 years) were used from the baseline assessment (conducted in 2019 and 2020) of the Balassagyarmat Health Education Program. Our questionnaire was based on the Sexual Definitions Survey. The associations of definition of manual and oral stimulation with gender, age, sexual experience, trait anxiety, and body image were further examined in a multilevel logistic regression model.

Results
The rating of different sexual behaviors as sex showed a hierarchy from kissing (10.3%) to vaginal intercourse (98.5%). Manual and oral stimulation was claimed to be sex by 73.4% and 84.3% of students. Girls (OR = 0.40; CI = 0.25–0.62) and older participants (OR = 0.75; CI = 0.59–0.96) were less likely to consider manual stimulation as sex. Conversely, previous sexual experience, anxiety, and body image were not significant predictors.

Conclusions
Our study is the first to investigate sexual definitions among non-English-speaking adolescents. It contributes to the understanding of ambiguity regarding the definitions of oral and manual stimulation in this specific age group.

Policy implications
As adolescents are the primary focus of sexual education, policies should take into consideration the semantic differences in sexual definitions, as these may influence the participants’ interpretation of information and have an effect on their sexual behavior.
Appearance and reality: Einstein and the early debate on the reality of length contraction
Authors: Giovanelli Marco 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn 1909, Ehrenfest published a note in the Physikalische Zeitschrift showing that a Born rigid cylinder could not be set into rotation without stresses, as elements of the circumference would be contracted but not the radius. Ignatowski and Varićak challenged Ehrenfest’s result in the same journal, arguing that the stresses would emerge if length contraction were a real dynamical effect, as in Lorentz’s theory. However, no stresses are expected to arise, according to Einstein’s theory, where length contraction is only an apparent effect due to an arbitrary choice of clock synchronization. Ehrenfest and Einstein considered this line of reasoning dangerously misleading and took a public stance in the Physikalische Zeitschrift, countering that relativistic length contraction is both apparent and real. It is apparent since it disappears for the comoving observer, but it is also real since it can be experimentally verified. By drawing on his lesser-known private correspondence with Varićak, this paper shows how Einstein used the Ehrenfest paradox as a tool for an ‘Einsteinian pedagogy’. Einstein’s argumentative stance is contrasted with Bell’s use of the Dewan-Beran thread-between-spaceships paradox to advocate for a ‘Lorentzian pedagogy’. The paper concludes that the disagreement between the two ways of ‘teaching special relativity’ stems from divergent interpretations of philosophical categories such as ‘reality’ and ‘appearance’.
Assessing the energy trap of industrial agriculture in North America and Europe: 82 balances from 1830 to 2012
Authors: Tello Enric , Sacristán Vera , Olarieta José R. , Cattaneo Claudio , Marull Joan , Pons Manel , Gingrich Simone , Krausmann Fridolin , Galán Elena , Marco Inés , Padró Roc , Guzmán Gloria I. , González de Molina Manuel , Cunfer Geoff , Watson Andrew , MacFadyen Joshua , Fraňková Eva , Aguilera Eduardo , Infante-Amate Juan , Urrego-Mesa Alexander , Soto David , Parcerisas Lluis , Dupras Jérôme , Díez-Sanjuán Lucía , Caravaca Jonathan , Gómez Laura , Fullana Onofre , Murray Ivan , Jover Gabriel , Cussó Xavier , Garrabou Ramon 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEarly energy analyses of agriculture revealed that behind higher labor and land productivity of industrial farming, there was a decrease in energy returns on energy (EROI) invested, in comparison to more traditional organic agricultural systems. Studies on recent trends show that efficiency gains in production and use of inputs have again somewhat improved energy returns. However, most of these agricultural energy studies have focused only on external inputs at the crop level, concealing the important role of internal biomass flows that livestock and forestry recirculate within agroecosystems. Here, we synthesize the results of 82 farm systems in North America and Europe from 1830 to 2012 that for the first time show the changing energy profiles of agroecosystems, including livestock and forestry, with a multi-EROI approach that accounts for the energy returns on external inputs, on internal biomass reuses, and on all inputs invested. With this historical circular bioeconomic approach, we found a general trend towards much lower external returns, little or no increases in internal returns, and almost no improvement in total returns. This “energy trap” was driven by shifts towards a growing dependence of crop production on fossil-fueled external inputs, much more intensive livestock production based on feed grains, less forestry, and a structural disintegration of agroecosystem components by increasingly linear industrial farm managements. We conclude that overcoming the energy trap requires nature-based solutions to reduce current dependence on fossil-fueled external industrial inputs and increase the circularity and complexity of agroecosystems to provide healthier diets with less animal products.
Equipment developed for simplifying routine phototesting in dermatology
Authors: Wulf Hans Christian , Heydenreich Jakob , Philipsen Peter Alshede 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSome people react abnormally when exposed to sunlight by getting easily burned or develop a rash. When testing a patient’s level of photosensitivity in the clinic, the UVR dose to provoke erythema is determined by the minimal erythema dose (MED) test. Subsequently, a photoprovocation test is performed to detect abnormal skin reactions by daily exposing the skin to UVR for several consecutive days. Associated problems in MED testing include choice of an even skin area for testing, patients keeping still during the test, testing with different UVR doses simultaneously, and securing clear borders of erythema. To address these issues, a MED Test Patch was developed which adheres closely to the skin to ensure sharp erythema borders and provides six irradiation fields with decremental doses of 20%. For MED testing, we constructed a solar simulator and LED lamps with peak emissions at 309 and 370 nm, small enough to be mounted directly on to the MED Test Patch and accommodate patient movements. These lamps and a 415 nm LED can also be used for provocation testing which is best performed on the back where the skin is assumed to have identical UVR sensitivity, and the area is large enough for adjacent MED and provocation test fields. Reading of erythema is still performed by visual and tactile evaluation. The UVA and UVB MED test can be performed in 1 h. The advantage of these developments is an easy-to-use, standardized test method with improved accuracy of the results.
Graphical Abstract
Development and validation of an occurrence-based healthy dietary diversity (ORCHID) score easy to operationalise in dietary prevention interventions in older adults: a French study
Authors: Jacquemot Anne-Fleur , Prat Rosalie , Gazan Rozenn , Dubois Christophe , Darmon Nicole , Feart Catherine , Verger Eric O. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHealthy diet and dietary diversity have been associated with healthy ageing. Several scores have been developed to assess dietary diversity or healthy diets in epidemiological studies, but they are not adapted to be used in the context of preventive nutrition interventions. This study aimed to develop an occurrence-based healthy dietary diversity (ORCHID) score easy to implement in the field and to validate it using dietary data from older participants in the latest French food consumption survey (INCA3). The ORCHID score was made of several components representing the consumption occurrences of twenty food groups, in line with French dietary guidelines. The score was then validated using dietary data (namely three 24-h recalls and a food propensity questionnaire) from 696 participants aged 60 years and over in the INCA3 survey. Score validity was evaluated by describing the association of the score with its components, as well as with energy intakes, solid energy density (SED) and the probability of adequate nutrient intakes (assessed by the PANDiet). Higher scores were associated with more points in healthy components such as ‘fruits’ and ‘vegetables’ (r = 0·51, and r = 0·54, respectively). The score was positively associated with the PANDiet (r = 0·43) and inversely associated with SED (r = −0·37), while no significant association was found with energy intakes. The ORCHID score was validated as a good proxy of the nutritional quality of French older adults’ diets. It could therefore be a useful tool for both public health research and nutrition interventions.
Variations in mango fruit quality in response to management factors on a pre- and post-harvest continuum
Authors: Drouillard Antoine , Léchaudel Mathieu , Génard Michel , Doizy Anna , Grechi Isabelle 
Published: November 2023

SummaryFruit quality is a key factor – beginning with the producer, continuing through the supply chain, and ending with the consumer. It is described by multiple indicators and varies during the growth and ripening of the fruit. This study focused on two main aspects of Cogshall mango (Mangifera indicaL.) quality: (i) the physical properties of the fruit with fresh mass (FM), pulp dry matter content (DMC), and pulp coloration; and (ii) the chemical properties with pulp sugar content and pulp acidity. These indicators were monitored on on-tree fruit, from about 60 days after bloom until full maturity. The same indicators were also monitored on fruit stored in cold storage rooms during ripening. The effects of leaf-to-fruit ratio (manageable by pruning or fruit thinning), maturity stage of fruit at harvest (manageable by harvest date), and storage temperature on the kinetics of quality traits of on-tree and stored fruit were assessed. In addition, a change-point analysis was applied to the sweetness index kinetics (used as a proxy of fruit ripening) to study fruit ripening induction. The leaf-to-fruit ratio mainly influenced fruit growth in terms of FM and pulp DMC, whereas it had less impact on the evolution of fruit chemical properties. The maturity stage of the fruit at harvest was a key factor in determining the potential quality at the ripe stage. Ripening occurs naturally at the mature green stage for on-tree fruit, but ripening at an earlier stage can be induced by harvesting the fruit. During the ripening phase, a low leaf-to-fruit ratio and a cold storage temperature tended to slow down the daily rate of sweetness increase. The use of cold temperatures during storage slowed down starch degradation and sucrose accumulation, while almost stopping the variation in fruit coloration and acidity.
Description of Aphelenchoides persicus sp. n. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) from Iran
Authors: Aliramaji F. , Taheri A. , Shokoohi E. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During a survey on the soil nematodes, a population of the genus Aphelenchoides was collected around the rhizosphere of persimmon in Guilan Province, Iran. The morphological and molecular characters confirmed the new species, namely A. persicus sp. n. The new species is characterized by a female body length (699–1068 μm), lip region offset from the rest of the body by a slight constriction, lateral fields with six incisures, stylet 12–13.5 μm long, with a clear basal swelling, excretory pore ca 1.5 metacorpal length posterior to base of the metacorpus, post uterine sac elongate, about 4–7 times than the vulval body diameter; conical female tail with a single centrally located mucron with tiny projection close to the tail tip, male body length (663–908 μm), and spicule well developed with rounded condylus, blunt conical rostrum, and a hook-like tip of dorsal limb. The new species belongs to the Group 2 category of Aphelenchoides species and was similar to seven known species with six lateral field incisures, including A. allius, A. chinensis, A. meghalayensis, A. nechaleos, A. paranechaleos, A. parasexlineatus, and A. sexlineatus. The molecular phylogeny based on 28S rDNA revealed that the new species stands close to A. hamospiculatus (MN931591; MN931592) and two unidentified Aphelenchoides (KY769057; LC583315). The measurements, line illustrations, LM photographs, and phylogenetic analysis are given for the new species.
Using active learning and an agent-based system to perform interactive knowledge extraction based on the COVID-19 corpus
Authors: Yao Yao , Liu Junying , Ryan Conor 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Efficient knowledge extraction from Big Data is quite a challenging topic. Recognizing relevant concepts from unannotated data while considering both context and domain knowledge is critical to implementing successful knowledge extraction. In this research, we provide a novel platform we call Active Learning Integrated with Knowledge Extraction (ALIKE) that overcomes the challenges of context awareness and concept extraction, which have impeded knowledge extraction in Big Data. We propose a method to extract related concepts from unorganized data with different contexts using multiple agents, synergy, reinforcement learning, and active learning.
We test ALIKE on the datasets of the COVID-19 Open Research Dataset Challenge. The experiment result suggests that the ALIKE platform can more efficiently distinguish inherent concepts from different papers than a non-agent-based method (without active learning) and that our proposed approach has a better chance to address the challenges of knowledge extraction with heterogeneous datasets. Moreover, the techniques used in ALIKE are transferable across any domain with multidisciplinary activity.
Healthy Aging: Insights for Research and Policy
Authors: Payne B. , Dawe J. , Evans R. , Marshall V. , Clarke P. , Norris D. , Hagey J. , Shapiro E. , Wilkins R. , Havens B. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn times of health reform, fiscal restraint and population aging, it becomes increasingly imperative to understand what must be done to better link research and policy in the health area. In this paper, the major determinants of healthy aging are discussed in terms of current conceptual frameworks of health, measurement, methodologies, and data sources. In order to maximize the benefit for the health of current and future Canadian seniors, policy recommendations are made to Statistics Canada, Health Canada, and the Seniors Independence Research Program (SIRP) which cover a range of issues related to measurement and data sources, health services, health status, economic status, and education.
Testing the Effect of Information on Discerning the Veracity of News in Real Time
Authors: Aslett Kevin , Sanderson Zeve , Godel William , Persily Nathaniel , Nagler Jonathan , Bonneau Richard , Tucker Joshua A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDespite broad adoption of digital media literacy interventions that provide online users with more information when consuming news, relatively little is known about the effect of this additional information on the discernment of news veracity in real time. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of how information impacts discernment of news veracity has been hindered by challenges of external and ecological validity. Using a series of pre-registered experiments, we measure this effect in real time. Access to the full article relative to solely the headline/lede and access to source information improves an individual's ability to correctly discern the veracity of news. We also find that encouraging individuals to search online increases belief in both false/misleading and true news. Taken together, we provide a generalizable method for measuring the effect of information on news discernment, as well as crucial evidence for practitioners developing strategies for improving the public's digital media literacy.
Emerging and re-emerging pediatric viral diseases: a continuing global challenge
Authors: Hoffman Seth A. , Maldonado Yvonne A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The twenty-first century has been marked by a surge in viral epidemics and pandemics, highlighting the global health challenge posed by emerging and re-emerging pediatric viral diseases. This review article explores the complex dynamics contributing to this challenge, including climate change, globalization, socio-economic interconnectedness, geopolitical tensions, vaccine hesitancy, misinformation, and disparities in access to healthcare resources. Understanding the interactions between the environment, socioeconomics, and health is crucial for effectively addressing current and future outbreaks. This scoping review focuses on emerging and re-emerging viral infectious diseases, with an emphasis on pediatric vulnerability. It highlights the urgent need for prevention, preparedness, and response efforts, particularly in resource-limited communities disproportionately affected by climate change and spillover events. Adopting a One Health/Planetary Health approach, which integrates human, animal, and ecosystem health, can enhance equity and resilience in global communities.

Impact

We provide a scoping review of emerging and re-emerging viral threats to global pediatric populations

This review provides an update on current pediatric viral threats in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic

This review aims to sensitize clinicians, epidemiologists, public health practitioners, and policy stakeholders/decision-makers to the role these viral diseases have in persistent pediatric morbidity and mortality
Beneficial glycaemic effects of high-amylose barley bread compared to wheat bread in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Bohl Mette , Gregersen Søren , Zhong Yuyue , Hebelstrup Kim Henrik , Hermansen Kjeld 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Cereals foods with a high content of dietary fibres or amylose have potential to lower postprandial glucose levels. Optimisation of cereal foods may improve management of type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods
We investigated the impact on 4 h postprandial glucose responses given as incremental area under curve (iAUC) of bread made of either 50% RNAi-based (genetically modified) amylose-only barley flour (AmOn) (and 50% wheat flour), 50% hulless barley flour (and 50% wheat flour) or 75% hulless barley (and 25% wheat flour) in subjects with T2D compared with 100% wheat flour bread.

Design
Twenty adults with T2D were randomly allocated to one of four breads at four separate visits. We measured fasting and 4 h postprandial responses of glucose, insulin, glucagon, triacylglycerol (TG), free fatty acids (FFA), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP). Mixed model ANOVA was used to examine the differences.

Results
Bread made from 50% AmOn lowered the 4 h postprandial glucose by 34%, 27%, 23% (P < 0.05) compared with 100% wheat, 50% or 75% hulless barley, respectively. Bread made from 75% hulless barley reduced the postprandial glucose response (iAUC) by 11% (P < 0.05) compared to 100% wheat bread.
Postprandial insulin responses (iAUC) were reduced for 50% AmOn compared with 100% wheat and 50% hulless barley and for 75% hulless compared to 50% hulless barley bread (P < 0.05). 4 h postprandial glucagon (tAUC) did not differ between the four bread types (P > 0.05). Lower postprandial GIP (iAUC) was observed after all barley breads compared to 100% wheat (P < 0.05), whereas no difference was seen in postprandial GLP-1. Postprandial TG and FFA (tAUC) were difficult to judge due to differences in fasting values.

Conclusions
Bread made by replacing wheat flour with either 50% high-amylose or 75% hulless barley flour lowered postprandial glucose responses compared to 100% wheat bread indicating a beneficial impact on glucose regulation in T2D subjects.
This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04646746.
Cell-free biosynthesis combined with deep learning accelerates de novo-development of antimicrobial peptides
Authors: Pandi Amir , Adam David , Zare Amir , Trinh Van Tuan , Schaefer Stefan L. , Burt Marie , Klabunde Björn , Bobkova Elizaveta , Kushwaha Manish , Foroughijabbari Yeganeh , Braun Peter , Spahn Christoph , Preußer Christian , Pogge von Strandmann Elke , Bode Helge B. , von Buttlar Heiner , Bertrams Wilhelm , Jung Anna Lena , Abendroth Frank , Schmeck Bernd , Hummer Gerhard , Vázquez Olalla , Erb Tobias J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBioactive peptides are key molecules in health and medicine. Deep learning holds a big promise for the discovery and design of bioactive peptides. Yet, suitable experimental approaches are required to validate candidates in high throughput and at low cost. Here, we established a cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) pipeline for the rapid and inexpensive production of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) directly from DNA templates. To validate our platform, we used deep learning to design thousands of AMPs de novo. Using computational methods, we prioritized 500 candidates that we produced and screened with our CFPS pipeline. We identified 30 functional AMPs, which we characterized further through molecular dynamics simulations, antimicrobial activity and toxicity. Notably, six de novo-AMPs feature broad-spectrum activity against multidrug-resistant pathogens and do not develop bacterial resistance. Our work demonstrates the potential of CFPS for high throughput and low-cost production and testing of bioactive peptides within less than 24 h.