bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Chemical Modification Reagents on Acoustic Properties of Wood
Authors: Chang S.-T. , Chang H.-T. , Huang Y.-S. , Hsu F.-L. 
Published: October 2004

Summary
The acoustic properties of several chemically modified Sitka spruce samples (Picea sitchensis Carr.)
were evaluated in the longitudinal direction of wood specimens. Sitka spruce treated with glyoxal and
carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) displayed superior acoustic properties to those obtained by the other
treatments. The acoustic converting efficiency (ACE) of the glyoxal-CMC treated Sitka spruce was 1.84
times of that of the untreated specimen and the specific dynamic Young's modulus (E′/r) was retained
without decrement after such treatment. Changes in the tanδ of Sitka spruce treated with glyoxal and different
concentrations of 1,4-butanediol were opposite. With a low concentration of 1,4-butanediol
(10%), the tanδ of the treated specimen decreased as a result of the formation of crosslinked cyclic structures.
The potential presence of more alkyl hydroxyl groups in the Sitka spruce, after being treated with
glyoxal and a high concentration of 1,4-butanediol (20%), resulted in the increment of tanδ and the
decrement of ACE. The impairment of the acoustic properties of Sitka spruce was caused by the introduction
of free chains with endwise carboxylic acid groups into cell walls after the succinic anhydride
treatment. Slight improvement on the ACE of Sitka spruce was achieved by the reaction with acetic anhydride
and the decrease in the tanδ was about 15%, which was attributed to the partial formation of
crosslinked matrix. These results revealed the improvement of the acoustic properties of chemically
modified wood that was probably achieved only by the formation of network structures between wood
components and reagents.
Precipitation of Calcium Carbonate in Confinement
Authors: Loste E. , Park R. J. , Warren J. , Meldrum F. C. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIn contrast to the regular morphologies displayed by synthetic single crystals, biogenic single crystals frequently exhibit unusual forms and curved surfaces. Such controlled mineralization in biology occurs within restricted volumes constructed for this purpose and there is significant evidence that some crystals with complex morphologies may form via an amorphous precursor phase. We here investigate morphological control of single crystals, using these biological mechanisms as inspiration. Calcite was precipitated within the cylindrical pores of track‐etch membranes via an amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) precursor phase. Perfect replication of the pore channel to yield rod‐shaped single crystals of calcite was only achieved when the ACC precursor particles entirely filled the pore channels prior to crystallization, a process dependent on the pore diameter. Misshapen particles were formed in all pore diameters in the absence of an ACC phase. This system provides an ideal opportunity to carry out a systematic study into the effect of pore diameter, and the presence of an ACC precursor phase on crystal growth.
Polyetherols from melamine and alkylene carbonates: Properties and application of foamed polyurethanes
Authors: Kijowska Dorota , Kucharski Mieczysław 
Published: October 2004

AbstractSome results are presented on the applications of polyetherols obtained in reactions of melamine with alkylene carbonates for preparation of foamed polyurethanes. Physical properties of the polyetherols and the parameters of their use are evaluated. Selected properties of polyurethane foams obtained by using the polyetherols, such as apparent density, uptake volume, linear shrinkage, and flammability, are presented. Thermal properties of the products have been found to be much better than those of traditional polyurethane foams. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 2302–2308, 2004
Structure and ionic conductivity of a series of di‐o‐butyrylchitosan membranes
Authors: Wan Ying , Creber Katherine A. M. , Peppley Brant , Bui V. Tam 
Published: October 2004

AbstractDi‐o‐butyrylchitosan was prepared by reacting chitosan with butyric acid anhydride in the presence of perchloric acid as a catalyst. 13C‐NMR and IR spectra of the modified chitosan suggested that both hydroxyl groups, at the C‐6 and C‐3 positions, in the chitosan molecules were substituted. The maximum degree of substitution was found to be less than 28%. The results of X‐ray diffractograms revealed that, in comparison with the unmodified chitosan membrane, the crystallinity of di‐o‐butyrylchitosan membranes was remarkably decreased. Meanwhile, it was also observed that the swelling indices of modified membranes were increased significantly in direct proportion to the degree of substitution. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the modified membranes exhibited a slightly increased thermal stability compared to the unmodified membrane. The ionic conductivity of di‐o‐butyrylchitosan membranes after hydration was investigated using impedance spectroscopy. Compared to the unmodified chitosan membrane, the hydrated di‐o‐butyrylchitosan membrane with a relatively high degree of the substitution showed an increased ionic conductivity of more than one order of magnitude. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 2309–2323, 2004
Zerstörungsfreie Ortung von Fehlstellen und Inhomogenitäten in Bauteilen mit der Impuls‐Thermografie
Authors: Arndt Ralf , Hillemeier Bernd , Maierhofer Christiane , Rieck Carsten , Röllig Mathias , Scheel Horst , Walther Andrei 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIm Rahmen eines von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft geförderten Forschungsvorhabens wird von der Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und ‐prüfung (BAM) und der Technischen Universität Berlin (TUB) die Anwendung der Impuls‐Thermografie zur zerstörungsfreien Prüfung von Bauteilen und Bauwerken weiterentwickelt. Zu diesem Zweck werden Messungen zu verschiedenen baupraktischen Fragestellungen durchgeführt. Die Bauteiloberflächen werden mit einer Wärmequelle, die dem Prüfproblem angepaßt ist, erwärmt. Der daran anschließende Abkühlungsvorgang wird mit einer Infrarotkamera beobachtet und aufgenommen. Die anschließende Auswertung der gespeicherten Daten wird im Zeitbereich mittels numerischer Verfahren und im Frequenzbereich mittels Puls‐Phasen‐Thermografie durchgeführt. Die Puls‐Phasen‐Thermografie führt insbesondere zu einer praxisrelevanten Reduzierung des Störeinflusses von Oberflächeninhomogenitäten und ungleichmäßiger Erwärmung.
Erweiterung bestehender Verkehrswege bei erhöhtem Lärmschutz – 6‐ und 8streifiger Ausbau der BAB A9 bei München
Authors: Peiker Gilbert , Wagner Paul , Gier Dieter , Wolf Helmut , Schmidt Jürgen 
Published: October 2004

AbstractNeben dem Neubau gewinnt die Erweiterung bestehender Verkehrswege in Deutschland immer mehr an Bedeutung. Durch den Umbau der Infrastruktur werden Lärmschutzmaßnahmen in neuen Größenordnungen notwendig. Anhand des Ausbaus der Bundesautobahn A9 bei München wird die Koordination und Planung der Maßnahme bei engen Terminen aufgezeigt. Zwei ausgewählte Lösungen zeigen, daß Schallschutz bei bestehenden Verkehrswegen in beengten Platzverhältnissen effektiv sowie wirtschaftlich und gestalterisch auf hohem Niveau sein kann.
Kavitationserosion von Werkstoffen für Wasserbauten
Authors: Momber Andreas 
Published: October 2004

AbstractKurzzeitkavitationserosion mit Beanspruchungszeiten bis hinunter zu zwei Sekunden erzeugt in Gesteinen und Betonen meßbaren Masseverlust. Der Verschleißverlauf wird von der Mineralzusammensetzung bestimmt. Er erfolgt in vielen Fällen, im Beton sogar ausschließlich, intergranular. Die Bruchzähigkeit kann den Widerstand der untersuchten Werkstoffe gegen Kavitationserosion ausdrücken. Darüber hinaus spielt die Verteilungsdichte von Strukturfehlern eine Rolle. Eine allgemeine Beziehung$ \dot M $∼ K–nIcbeschreibt den Zusammenhang zwischen Verschleißrate und Bruchzähigkeit, wobei der Exponent n eine Funktion des R‐Kurven‐Verhaltens der Werkstoffe ist.
Singlet Excited‐State Interactions in Naphthalene–Thymine Dyads
Authors: Encinas Susana , Climent Maria J. , Gil Salvador , Abrahamsson Urban O. , Davidsson Jan , Miranda Miguel A. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractTwo thymidine‐derived nucleosides 1 and 2 were prepared by attaching a chiral naphthalene to the positions 5′ and 3′ of the sugar. The resulting dyads, which contain key substructures present in drugs and nucleic acids, exhibit different spatial arrangements (transoid or cisoid) of the fluorophore relative to the thymine unit. Emission measurements on these compounds in the presence of ROH molecules revealed a remarkable intramolecular fluorescence quenching for dyad 1. The obtained results are consistent with quenching of the singlet excited state of 1 by hydrogen‐bond donor solvents. Thus, a physical deactivation process (vibronically induced internal conversion) would be the pathway responsible for the accelerated decay of 1*, favorably competing with fluorescence and intersystem crossing to the triplet. This effect appears to be strongly dependent on the relative spatial arrangement between the naphthalene and thymine units, together with the hydrogen‐bonding ability of the employed ROH.
A comparison of different methods of assessing the features of eating disorders in post‐gastric bypass patients: a pilot study
Authors: de Zwaan Martina , Mitchell James E. , Swan‐Kremeier Lorraine , McGregor Tasha , Howell Michael L. , Roerig James L. , Crosby Ross D. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractObjectiveTwo methods for assessing the features of eating disorders in post‐gastric bypass surgery patients were compared.MethodA total of 45 participants were administered the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) Interview and completed the EDE‐Questionnaire (EDE‐Q4).ResultsThe EDE and the EDE‐Q4 were significantly correlated on the restraint, eating concern, weight concern and shape concern subscales. However, the mean difference in scores was significant for the restraint and eating concern subscales. The discrepancy between methods was largest for the restraint subscale. There was no agreement with regard to objective bulimic episodes and the agreement on subjective bulimic episodes was poor (kappa 0.276). However, the frequencies of subjective bulimic episodes were significantly correlated and did not differ significantly.DiscussionThe EDE‐Q4 seems suitable in assessing eating‐ related psychopathology (subscales) in post‐surgery patients. However, the questionnaire appears to have limited utility for assessing binge eating in this population. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
‘Theory of mind’ in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Tchanturia Kate , Happé Francesca , Godley Joanne , Treasure Janet , Bara‐Carril Nuria , Schmidt Ulrike 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe ability to make inferences about others' mental states has been termed ‘theory of mind’ (ToM). It underlies the ability to engage in complex social interaction and is impaired in autism. A subgroup of anorexia nervosa (AN) sufferers has autism‐spectrum disorders/empathy disorders. The aim of the study was to explore whether, even in the absence of clear‐cut autistic features, impairments in their ability to mentalize could be found in AN patients. Twenty patients with AN and 20 female healthy control (HC) subjects were tested using: (1) a story comprehension task (ToM stories and control stories); and (2) a cartoon task (ToM cartoons and control cartoons). Individuals with AN performed worse than HC subjects on ToM and on control tasks. However, there was no evidence of any selective impairment of ToM in AN sufferers. These findings do not support a specific link between impaired ToM and AN. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Has the United Nations General Assembly Special Session on HIV/AIDS made a difference?
Authors: Massoud Nicole , De Lay Paul , Carael Michel 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe 2001 Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS by 189 countries serves as a benchmark for global action. Definition of specific and time‐bound targets put pressure on these countries to accelerate program implementation, but the first progress reports indicate a low response rate for some indicators and concern about data quality.
Impact of the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR) on glioma cell growth and invasion: Requirement for the C‐terminal domain
Authors: Huang Kuo‐Cheng , Altinoz Meric , Wosik Karolina , Larochelle Nancy , Koty Zafiro , Zhu Lixia , Holland Paul C. , Nalbantoglu Josephine 
Published: October 2004

AbstractExpression of the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR) is downregulated in malignant glioma cell lines and is barely detectable in high‐grade primary astrocytoma (glioblastoma multiforme). We determined the effect of forced CAR expression on the invasion and growth of the human glioma cell line U87‐MG, which does not express any CAR. Although retrovirally mediated expression of full‐length CAR in U87‐MG cells did not affect monolayer growth in vitro, it did reduce glioma cell invasion in a 3‐dimensional spheroid model. Furthermore, in xenograft experiments, intracerebral implantation of glioma cells expressing full‐length CAR resulted in tumors with a significantly reduced volume compared to tumors generated by control vector‐transduced U87‐MG cells. In contrast, U87‐MG cells expressing transmembrane CAR with a deletion of the entire cytoplasmic domain (except for the first 2 intracellular juxtamembrane cysteine amino acids) had rates of invasion and tumor growth that were similar to those of the control cells. This difference in behavior between the 2 forms of CAR was not due to improper cell surface localization of the cytoplasmically deleted CAR as determined by comparable immunostaining of unpermeabilized cells, equivalent adenoviral transduction of the cells and similar extent of fractionation into lipid‐rich domains. Taken together, these results suggest that the decrease or loss of CAR expression in malignant glioma may confer a selective advantage in growth and invasion to these tumors. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increased expression of prostate‐specific G‐protein‐coupled receptor in human prostate intraepithelial neoplasia and prostate cancers
Authors: Weng Jinsheng , Wang Jianghua , Cai Yi , Stafford Lewis Joe , Mitchell Dianne , Ittmann Michael , Liu Mingyao 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe G‐protein‐coupled receptors and signal transduction pathways represent important specific targets for a variety of human diseases, ranging from the control of blood pressure, allergic response, hormonal disorders and neurologic diseases to tumorigenesis. Most recently, we and others have identified a novel human prostate‐specific G‐protein coupled receptor (PSGR). To investigate the potential roles of PSGR in human normal prostate and prostate cancers, we examined the expression level of PSGR in 146 human prostate samples with real‐time quantitative reverse transcription‐PCR and in situ hybridization method. We significantly extended previous studies and demonstrated that PSGR is specifically expressed in human prostate tissues, not in any other normal and tumor samples tested. Compared to normal and benign prostatic hyperplasia tissues, the expression of PSGR increased significantly in human prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and prostate tumors (approximately 10‐fold), especially in early prostate tumors, suggesting PSGR may play an important role in early prostate cancer development and progression. The sensitivity and specificity estimates for PSGR expression were calculated as the area under the receiver‐operating characteristics curve (0.902), indicating high‐level sensitivity and specificity for discriminating benign prostate tissues from malignant prostate tissues. The association of PSGR expression with clinical parameters (clinical stages, Gleason scores, recurrent status and metastasis) was also investigated in this study. Our data suggest that overexpression of PSGR in human PIN and prostate cancers have the potential for early prostate cancer detection and diagnosis. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
L‐carnitine inhibits hepatocarcinogenesis via protection of mitochondria
Authors: Chang BaoJun , Nishikawa Manabu , Nishiguchi Shuhei , Inoue Masayasu 
Published: October 2004

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma is usually preceded by chronic inflammation. However, the molecular mechanism in hepatocarcinogenesis is not well known. Recently, we reported that mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in hepatocarcinogenesis via the production of free radicals. Furthermore, we proved that L‐carnitine effectively protects mitochondrial function in vivo. Therefore, we investigated whether long‐term administration of L‐carnitine could prevent hepatitis and subsequent hepatocellular carcinoma in Long‐Evans Cinnamon rats that are often analyzed as a model of hepatocarcinogenesis. The results indicated that oxidative stress elicited from abnormally accumulated copper increased the amount of free fatty acids, thereby inducing mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting in cell death and enhanced secondary generation of reactive oxygen species, which were significantly inhibited by carnitine treatment. Finally, the occurrence of placental glutathione S‐transferase‐positive foci as a marker for preneoplastic lesions and hepatocarcinogenesis were significantly inhibited by L‐carnitine. These facts suggest that mitochondrial injury plays an essential role in the development of hepatocarcinogenesis and that the clinical use of carnitine has excellent therapeutic potential in individuals with chronic hepatitis. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genes upregulated in a metastasizing human colon carcinoma cell line
Authors: Orian‐Rousseau Véronique , Mink Sigrun , Mengwasser Jörg , HogenEsch Harm , Guo Feng , Thies Wolf‐Gerolf , Hofmann Martin , Herrlich Peter , Ponta Helmut 
Published: October 2004

AbstractDifferential gene expression between the metastatic human colon cancer cell line HT29p and its nonmetastatic counterpart HT29‐MTX was revealed by suppression subtractive hybridization. Fifty‐eight individual genes showed increased mRNA levels in HT29p cells. Only 15 of these genes had been related to transformation in previous studies; the majority of genes are new candidates encoding proteins relevant for the metastatic process. Cancer profiling arrays as well as in situ hybridization study revealed that at least some of the genes obtained in the SSH screen are also differentially expressed in human tumors. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Photoexcited formation of bone apatite‐like coatings on micro‐arc oxidized titanium
Authors: Han Yong , Xu Kewei 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA novel method to rapidly deposit bone apatite‐like coatings on titanium implants in simulated body fluid (SBF) is proposed in this article. The processing was composed of two steps; for example, micro‐arc oxidation (MAO) of titanium to form titania films, and UV‐light illumination of the titania‐coated titanium in SBF. The morphology, crystalline structure, and bond strength of the MAO films were investigated as a function of the applied voltage (in the range of 250–400 V) by using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, adhesion‐tensile test, and scratch test. Results showed that the MAO films were porous and nanocrystalline with pore sizes varying from 1 to 3 μm and grain sizes varying from 10–20 to 70–80 nm; the predominant phase in titania films changed from anatase to rutile, and the bond strength of the films decreased from 43.4 to 32.9 MPa as the applied voltage increased from 250 to 400 V. After UV‐light illumination of the films in SBF for 2 h, bone apatite‐like coating was deposited on the MAO film formed at 250 V. The bond strength of the apatite/titania bilayer was about 44.2 MPa. However, no apatite was observed on the MAO film formed at 400 V after UV‐light illumination. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 71A: 608–614, 2004
High‐mobility group protein 1(Y): Metastasis‐associated or metastasis‐inducing?
Authors: Evans Alice , Lennard Thomas W.J. , Davies Barry R. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractMetastasis is the major cause of mortality and morbidity for patients with cancer. The high‐mobility group protein 1(Y) [HMG‐1(Y)] has a role in the transcription of many genes involved at different steps in the metastatic cascade and has been linked with cancer in human and animal models. This may represent a potential therapeutic target for patients. The following review summarizes and critically appraises the evidence for the role of HMG‐1(Y) in metastasis. J. Surg. Oncol. 2004;88:86–99. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Postoperative pulmonary complications are associated with worse short‐ and long‐term outcomes after extended esophagectomy
Authors: Kinugasa Shoichi , Tachibana Mitsuo , Yoshimura Hiroshi , Ueda Shuhei , Fujii Toshiyuki , Dhar Dipok Kumar , Nakamoto Takeru , Nagasue Naofumi 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackgroundRisk analysis of pulmonary complications after extended esophagectomy with three‐field lymph node dissection (3FLND) has been little reported in the literature.MethodsRisk factors of developing postoperative pneumonia after extended esophagectomy and its effects on in‐hospital death and overall long‐term survival were compared between 38 patients who developed pneumonia and 80 patients who did not.ResultsEight patients died of postoperative complications during the hospital stay after esophagectomy. Seven of those 8 patients developed pneumonia, whereas 31 patients of 110 patients who were discharged from the hospital developed pneumonia (P < 0.01). Pneumonia occurred more frequently in elderly patients (P < 0.01), in heavy smokers (P < 0.05), in patients with preoperative pulmonary obstructive dysfunction (P < 0.05), and in patients who received 3 U or more perioperative blood transfusion (P < 0.05). Five‐year overall survival rate (26.7%) of 38 patients who developed pneumonia was significantly worse than 53.4% who did not develop pneumonia (P < 0.01). Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors for overall survival showed that pathological tumor stage (hazard ratio 5.380, P < 0.01) and pneumonia (hazard ratio 2.369, P < 0.01) were independent risk factors. Postoperative pneumonia is correlated with in‐hospital death and poorer long‐term survival after extended esophagectomy with 3FLND.ConclusionsElderly patients with a history of heavy smoking and poor pulmonary function should be regarded as a high‐risk group of patients for developing pneumonia and very careful selection is required before subjecting such patients to extended esophagectomy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2004;88:71–77. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.