bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catalytic efficiency of GO-PANI nanocomposite in the synthesis of N-Aryl-1,4-Dihydropyridine and hydroquinoline derivatives
Authors: Ghafuri Hossein , keshvari Moghadaseh , Eshrati Fatemeh , Hanifehnejad Peyman , Emami Atefeh , Zand Hamid Reza Esmaili 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this research, graphene oxide-polyaniline (GO-PANI) nanocomposite was successfully synthesized and its catalytic performance was evaluated for the synthesis of N-aryl-1,4-dihydropyridine (1,4-DHP) and hydroquinoline derivatives. The GO nanosheets were prepared using the Hummers’ method, and in-situ polymerization of aniline was conducted with ammonium persulfate (APS) serving as the polymerization initiator. The synthesized nanocomposite demonstrated notable efficiency, achieving yields of 80–94% for 1,4-DHP derivatives and 84–96% for hydroquinoline derivatives. The GO-PANI nanocomposite was thoroughly characterized by various techniques, including Fourier Transforms Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray Diffraction analysis (XRD), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), all of which confirmed the successful synthesis of the nanocomposite. Furthermore, after ten cycles of reusability testing, the nanocomposite retained its high catalytic performance with no significant degradation. This findings indicate that the GO-PANI nanocomposite is a promising non-metal catalyst for the synthesis of N-aryl-1,4-dihydropyridine and hydroquinoline derivatives.
A comparative machine learning study of schizophrenia biomarkers derived from functional connectivity
Authors: Shevchenko Victoria , Benn R. Austin , Scholz Robert , Wei Wei , Pallavicini Carla , Klatzmann Ulysse , Alberti Francesco , Satterthwaite Theodore D. , Wassermann Demian , Bazin Pierre-Louis , Margulies Daniel S. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Functional connectivity holds promise as a biomarker of schizophrenia. Yet, the high dimensionality of predictive models trained on functional connectomes, combined with small sample sizes in clinical research, increases the risk of overfitting. Recently, low-dimensional representations of the connectome such as macroscale cortical gradients and gradient dispersion have been proposed, with studies noting consistent gradient and dispersion differences in psychiatric conditions. However, it is unknown which of these derived measures has the highest predictive capacity and how they compare to raw functional connectivity specifically in the case of schizophrenia. Our study evaluates which connectome features derived from resting state functional MRI — functional connectivity, gradients, or gradient dispersion — best identify schizophrenia. To this end, we leveraged data of 936 individuals from three large open-access datasets: COBRE, LA5c, and SRPBS-1600. We developed a pipeline which allows us to aggregate over a million different features and assess their predictive potential in a single, computationally efficient experiment. We selected top 1% of features with the largest permutation feature importance and trained 13 classifiers on them using 10-fold cross-validation. Our findings indicate that functional connectivity outperforms its low-dimensional derivatives such as cortical gradients and gradient dispersion in identifying schizophrenia (Mann–Whitney test conducted on test accuracy: connectivity vs. 1st gradient: U = 142, p < 0.003; connectivity vs. neighborhood dispersion: U = 141, p = 0.004). Additionally, we demonstrated that the edges which contribute the most to classification performance are the ones connecting primary sensory regions. Functional connectivity within the primary sensory regions showed the highest discrimination capabilities between subjects with schizophrenia and neurotypical controls. These findings along with the feature selection pipeline proposed here will facilitate future inquiries into the prediction of schizophrenia subtypes and transdiagnostic phenomena.
Observation of magnetic skyrmion lattice in Cr0.82Mn0.18Ge by small-angle neutron scattering
Authors: Ukleev Victor , Samanta Tapas , Utesov Oleg I. , White Jonathan S. , Caron Luana 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Incommensurate magnetic phases in chiral cubic crystals are an established source of topological spin textures such as skyrmion and hedgehog lattices, with potential applications in spintronics and information storage. We report a comprehensive small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) study on the B20-type chiral magnet Cr
$$_{0.82}$$
Mn
$$_{0.18}$$
Ge, exploring its magnetic phase diagram and confirming the stabilization of a skyrmion lattice under low magnetic fields. Our results reveal a helical ground state with a decreasing pitch from 40 to 35 nm upon cooling, and a skyrmion phase stable in applied magnetic fields of 10–30 mT, and over an unusually wide temperature range for chiral magnets of 6 K (
$$\sim T_\text {C}/2< T < T_\text {C}$$
,
$$T_\text {C}=13$$
K). The skyrmion lattice forms a standard two-dimensional hexagonal coordination that can be trained into a single domain, distinguishing it from the three-dimensional hedgehog lattice observed in MnGe-based systems. Additionally, we demonstrate the persistence of a metastable SkL at 2 K, even at zero field. These findings advance our understanding of magnetic textures in Cr-based B20 compounds, highlighting Cr0.82Mn0.18Ge as a promising material for further exploration in topological magnetism.
Vehicle speed measurement method using monocular cameras
Authors: Lian Hao , Li Meian , Li Ting , Zhang Yongan , Shi Yanyu , Fan Yikun , Yang Wenqian , Jiang Huilin , Zhou Peng , Wu Haibo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper proposes a method for fast and accurate vehicle speed measurement based on a monocular camera. Firstly, by establishing a new camera imaging model, the calibration method for variable focal lengths is optimized, simplifying the transformation process between the four coordinate systems in traditional camera imaging models, and the method does not need to restore the pixel coordinates to dedistortion. Secondly, based on the camera imaging model, a two-dimensional positioning algorithm is proposed. By leveraging the characteristics of the speed measurement problem, the complex three-dimensional positioning problem is simplified into a two-dimensional model, reducing the overall computational complexity of the positioning problem. Finally, the algorithm is combined with You Only Look Once version 7 (YOLOv7) and Deep Simple Online and Realtime Tracking (DeepSORT) algorithms, integrating multiple model structures to optimize the network, achieving precise multi-target speed measurement. Experiments show that under frame-by-frame measurement conditions, the minimum and average accuracies of this method reach 95.1% and 97.6%, respectively. Compared with other methods, it has significant advantages in speed measurement accuracy and computational efficiency. Therefore, this research outcome is expected to play an important role in intelligent transportation systems and road safety management.
Research on the improvement method of imbalance of ground penetrating radar image data
Authors: Cao Ligang , Liu Lei , Lu Congde , Chen Ruimin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) has been widely used to detect highway pavement structures. In recent years, deep learning techniques have achieved significant success in image recognition, which is potentially relevant for interpreting ground-penetrating radar data. This is because the various types of damage develop at different levels and in different quantities. So the number of datasets of various types of road injuries is not balanced. This leads to poor accuracy of deep learning for injury classification. And the cost of collecting a large amount of data in the field is higher. The aim of this paper is to improve classification accuracy at a lower cost relative to field collection, we propose a damage data expansion method based on generative adversarial network, which consists of encoder and a generative adversarial network. We have made a number of improvements to the generator and discriminator, as well as to the newly added encoder. All of these improvements have improved the generation results in terms of metrics. So that the network can stably generate damage samples with a small number of samples to improve the classification network’s accuracy. The effect on accuracy by varying the proportions of different kinds of samples and traditional expansion methods is also explored. The improvement of the classification network accuracy and FlD metrics illustrates the better performance of the proposed method.
Unraveling the distinctive gut microbiome of khulans (Equus hemionus hemionus) in comparison to their drinking water and closely related equids
Authors: Jarquín-Díaz Víctor Hugo , Dayaram Anisha , Soilemetzidou Eirini S. , Desvars-Larrive Amelie , Bohner Julia , Buuveibaatar Bayarbaatar , Kaczensky Petra , Walzer Chris , Greenwood Alex D. , Löber Ulrike 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The microbial composition of host-associated microbiomes is influenced by co-evolutionary interactions, host genetics, domestication, and the environment. This study investigates the contribution of environmental microbiota from freshwater bodies to the gastrointestinal microbiomes of wild khulans (Equus hemionus hemionus, n = 21) and compares them with those of captive khulans (n = 12) and other equids—Przewalski’s horse (n = 82) and domestic horse (n = 26). Using PacBio technology and the LotuS pipeline for 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we analyze microbial diversity and conduct differential abundance, alpha, and beta diversity analyses. Results indicate limited microbial sharing between wild khulans and their waterhole environments, suggesting minimal environmental influence on their gut microbiomes and low levels of water contamination by khulans. Wild khulans exhibit greater microbial diversity and richness compared to captive ones, likely due to adaptations to the harsh nutritional conditions of the Gobi desert. Conversely, captive khulans show reduced microbial diversity, potentially affected by dietary changes during captivity. These findings highlight the significant impact of environment and lifestyle on the gut microbiomes of equids.
Impact of visual presentation of atherosclerotic carotid plaque on cardiovascular risk profile using mHealth technologies
Authors: Ullrich Greta , Bäuerle Alexander , Jahre Lisa Maria , Paldán Katrin , Rosemeyer Jana , Kalaitzidis Chiara , Rammos Christos , Teufel Martin , Rassaf Tienush , Lortz Julia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This randomized, controlled trial evaluated the impact of plaque visualization combined with daily tasks on cardiovascular risk profile and included 240 participants with coronary arterial disease. The intervention group received the PreventiPlaque app during the 12-month study period in addition to standard care. The app contained daily tasks that promoted lifestyle modifications and adherence to prescribed medication. It included ultrasound images of participants´ individual carotid plaque, which were updated regularly. The impact of plaque visualization and personalized app usage was evaluated, using a change in the SCORE2 as a primary endpoint. In the intervention group, the SCORE2 was significantly lower after the study period (t(120) = 6.43, p
adj < 0.001, d
RM = 0.58). This demonstrates the efficacy of the PreventiPlaque app in supporting lifestyle modifications and medication adherence. These findings suggest that personalized mHealth interventions in combination with visual risk communication are valuable tools in secondary prevention. Trial Registration: The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under the identifier NCT05096637 on 27 October 2021 and was approved by the local ethics committee of the University of Duisburg-Essen (20-9157-BO).
Noise-augmented chaotic Ising machines for combinatorial optimization and sampling
Authors: Lee Kyle , Chowdhury Shuvro , Camsari Kerem Y. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Ising machines are hardware accelerators for combinatorial optimization and probabilistic sampling, using stochasticity to explore spin configurations and avoid local minima. We refine the previously proposed coupled chaotic bits (c-bits), which operate deterministically, by introducing noise. This improves performance in combinatorial optimization, achieving algorithmic scaling comparable to probabilistic bits (p-bits). We show that c-bits follow the quantum Boltzmann law in a 1D transverse field Ising model. Furthermore, c-bits exhibit critical dynamics similar to p-bits in 2D Ising and 3D spin glass models. Finally, we propose a noise-augmented c-bit approach via the adaptive parallel tempering algorithm (APT), which outperforms fully deterministic c-bits running simulated annealing. Analog Ising machines with coupled oscillators could draw inspiration from our approach, as running replicas at constant temperature eliminates the need for global modulation of coupling strengths. Ultimately, mixing stochasticity with deterministic c-bits yields a powerful hybrid computing scheme that can offer benefits in asynchronous, massively parallel hardware implementations.
Not All Planes Have Propellers: Using Context Variability to Treat Word Learning in Late Talkers With the Vocabulary Acquisition and Usage for Late Talkers Protocol
Authors: Alt Mary , Mettler Heidi M. , Schiff Elissa S. , Evans-Reitz Nora , Burton Rebecca , Cretcher Sarah R. , Staib Allison 
Published: January 2025

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to determine if the Vocabulary Acquisition and Usage for Late Talkers (VAULT) intervention could be efficaciously applied to a new treatment target: words a child neither understood nor said. We also assessed whether the type of context variability used to encourage semantic learning (i.e., action or object) would affect learning outcomes.

Method:

Nineteen primarily English-speaking late-talking toddlers received 8 weeks of VAULT intervention. They were quasirandomly assigned to a condition that highlighted either object or action variability. Individual effect sizes were calculated for target (treated) and control (not treated) words for each child. These were combined to assess group-level comparisons of treatment efficacy and treatment conditions. Generalization of the word-learning ability was assessed by comparing rates of learning on a vocabulary checklist prior to and during intervention. Bayesian statistics (e.g.,
t
tests, analysis of variance) were used for the analyses.

Results:
There was strong evidence for a treatment effect showing that children produced more target than control words and moderate evidence that they understood more target than control words. There was strong evidence for generalization. Children learned an average of 6.8 words per week during treatment. There was anecdotal evidence for no difference between treatment conditions.

Conclusions:
VAULT, with a focus on context variability, can be used efficaciously to teach children to say words they do not understand at the start of treatment. The effects were most pronounced in the generalization data. Additionally, children were able to learn later-acquired words.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28200074
A fast surface‐defect detection method based on Dense‐YOLO network
Authors: Gao Fengqiang , Zhu Qingyuan , Shao Guifang , Su Yukang , Yang Jianbo , Yu Xinyue 
Published: January 2025

AbstractEfficient detection of surface defects is primary for ensuring product quality during manufacturing processes. To enhance the performance of deep learning‐based methods in practical applications, the authors propose Dense‐YOLO, a fast surface defect detection network that combines the strengths of DenseNet and you only look once version 3 (YOLOv3). The authors design a lightweight backbone network with improved densely connected blocks, optimising the utilisation of shallow features while maintaining high detection speeds. Additionally, the authors refine the feature pyramid network of YOLOv3 to increase the recall of tiny defects and overall positioning accuracy. Furthermore, an online multi‐angle template matching technique is introduced based on normalised cross‐correlation to precisely locate the detection area. This refined template matching method not only accelerates detection speed but also mitigates the influence of the background. To validate the effectiveness of our enhancements, the authors conduct comparative experiments across two private datasets and one public dataset. Results show that Dense‐YOLO outperforms existing methods, such as faster R‐CNN, YOLOv3, YOLOv5s, YOLOv7, and SSD, in terms of mean average precision (mAP) and detection speed. Moreover, Dense‐YOLO outperforms networks inherited from VGG and ResNet, including improved faster R‐CNN, FCOS, M2Det‐320 and FRCN, in mAP.
Influence of maleic anhydride grafting on the positive temperature coefficient effect of semi‐conductive composites and space charge injection to XLPE insulation
Authors: Zhang Chengcheng , Wang Sen , Zhao Hong , Chen Minghua , Wang Xuan , Chi Xiaohong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTo suppress the resistivity positive temperature coefficient (PTC) effect of ethylene‐butyl acrylate copolymer (EBA)‐based semi‐conductive shielding layer and the injection of charge carriers to insulation layer, the polar molecule maleic anhydride (MAH) is grafted onto EBA macromolecules by melt blending and thermal grafting. The resistivity temperature stability of the grafted semi‐conductive composites, as well as the space charge distribution and direct current (DC) breakdown characteristics of cross‐linked polyethylene (XLPE) insulation using the composites as the electrode is investigated. The results show that MAH grafting can significantly reduce the volume resistivity of semi‐conductive composites, especially at a higher temperature, to suppress the PTC effect. And, the grafted semi‐conductive composites can prevent the injection of charge carriers to XLPE insulation from the semi‐conductive electrode to improve the space charge distribution and DC breakdown strength of XLPE insulation. The polar anhydride groups in the grafted MAH can enhance the interaction between EBA macromolecular chains and between EBA macromolecular chains and carbon black (CB) to improve the dispersion of CB in EBA matrix and the stability of the internal conductive network at the high temperature, improving the properties of EBA‐based semi‐conductive shielding layer and DC electrical properties of XLPE insulation layer.
Constraining cosmological parameters using void statistics from the SDSS survey
Authors: Fernández-García Elena , Betancort-Rijo Juan E. , Prada Francisco , Ishiyama Tomoaki , Klypin Anatoly , Ereza Julia 
Published: January 2025

Aims. We aim to constrain the amplitude of the linear spectrum of density fluctuations (σ8), the matter density parameter (Ωm), the Hubble constant (H0), Γ = Ωch, and S8 from Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7 (SDSS DR7) by studying the abundance of large voids in the large-scale structure of galaxies.
Methods. Voids are identified as maximal non-overlapping spheres within SDSS DR7 galaxies with redshifts of 0.02 < z < 0.132 and absolute magnitudes of Mr < −20.5. We used the theoretical framework developed in previous works and recalibrated the data using halo simulations to constrain σ8, Ωm, and H0 from the sample of SDSS galaxies mentioned above using a Bayesian analysis and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique. This method has also been validated using simulated halo boxes and galaxy lightcones.
Results. We have proven that the theoretical framework recovers σ8, Ωm, and H0 values from the halo simulation boxes for different values of σ8 within 1σ (2σ) in real (redshift) space. The theoretical framework void statistics from mock lightcones shows significant potential: we have studied the marginalised posteriors in each plane and checked that we were able to recover Planck values for the all the parameters. The results we obtained from the SDSS sample are: σ8 = 1.520−0.441+0.416, Ωm = 0.459−0.184+0.184, H0 = 71.63−11.77+12.60, Γ = 0.270−0.100+0.0943, and S8 = 1.87−0.76+0.59. Combining these constraints with the Kilo Degree Survey (KiDS-1000) and the Dark Energy Survey (DESY3) yields σ8 = 0.858−0.040+0.040, Ωm = 0.257−0.020+0.023, H0 = 74.17−4.66+4.66, and S8 = 0.794−0.016+0.016. The combined uncertainties of σ8 and Ωm have been reduced by a factor of 2-3, compared to KiDS-100+DESY3 alone, due to the nearly orthogonal marginalised posteriors of SDSS voids and weak lensing in the σ8 − Ωm plane.
Arthroscopic Removal of Traumatic Fractures of the Proximal Medial Trochlear Ridge of the Talus: A Retrospective Analysis of 18 Horses
Authors: Drahonovska Anna , O'Neill Henry D. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Objective The objectives of this study were (1) to evaluate the need for flexed radiographs of the proximal medial trochlear ridge (PMTR) after trauma involving medial tarsus; (2) to evaluate outcome following arthroscopic removal of traumatic osteochondral fragments (TOCF) resulting from direct injury to PMTR.
Methods Records of patients with wounds to the medial tarsus were searched and those with TOCF of the PMTR included. Patient history, fracture etiology, preoperative diagnostics, and intraoperative findings were documented. Postoperative performance data were collected using Thoroughbred Racing database or a telephone questionnaire.
Results All cases had wounds with concurrent synovial sepsis of the tarsocrural joint. Standard weight-bearing radiographs were performed preoperatively (n = 15), but most (n = 13) failed to identify PMTR pathology. When acquired (n = 8), flexed radiographs (including a uniquely described flexed plantaroproximolateral dorsodistomedial Pl30Pr45Lat-DoDiM oblique) identified PMTR lesions. PMTR TOCF were removed during the initial surgery (n = 15) or subsequent (n = 3) arthroscopy, performed due to unresolved synovial sepsis. Fifteen out of 16 horses with >6-month follow-up resumed full exercise.
Conclusion Flexed tarsal radiographs should be performed as part of a standard protocol for traumatic wounds involving the medial tarsus. Horses had excellent prognosis following arthroscopic removal of TOCF of the PMTR. Failure to recognize and remove TOCF resulted in refractory synovial sepsis for horses in this study.