bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Overall Treatment Time of Radiation Therapy on Local Control of T1‐Stage Squamous Call Carcinoma of the Glottis
Authors: Hayakawa Kazushige , Mitsuhashi Norio , Akimoto Tetsuo , Maebayashi Katsuya , Ishikawa Hitoshi , Hayakawa Kayoko , Sakurai Hideyuki , Takahashi Takeo , Kamei Tamio , Niibe Hideo 
Published: November 2003

AbstractFrom 1975 to 1990, 72 patients with T1 glottic cancer, excluding a verrucous type of carcinoma, were treated with radiation therapy (RT). All treatments were given with a standard fractionation of 2 Gy per day. The total dose to the tumor ranged from 60 to 70 Gy. Six patients received a split‐course RT. The overall local control rate was 87% at 5 years. Forty‐one patients who completed RT in 45 days or less had a 5‐year local control rate of 95%. Sixteen patients who completed a treatment course in 46 to 49 days had a local control rate of 81%. Fifteen patients with a treatment course of more than 50 days had a local control rate of 73%. There was a statistically significant difference in local control rates among the three groups (P<.05). The split‐course RT group had a 5‐year local control rate of 50%; that rate was statistically significantly inferior to that of the continuous course group (P<.001). Multivariate analysis also showed that an interruption of the treatment course was an important parameter in relation to the local control. The prolongation of standard RT schedules adversely affected local control of T1 glottic carcinoma and, therefore, should be avoided whenever possible.
Differential Expression of Transthyretin in Papillary Tumors of the Endolymphatic Sac and Choroid Plexus
Authors: Megerian Cliff A. , Pilch Ben Z. , Bhan Atul K. , McKenna Michael J. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractAggressive papillary tumors of the temporal bone, occurring sporadically or as part of von Hippel‐Lindau disease, have been shown to originate within the endolymphatic sac or duct. Also implicated as a potential precursor from which some of these tumors may arise is ectopic choroid plexus epithelium. To aid in the differentiation between papillary tumors of endolymphatic sac and duct origin and those arising from choroid plexus, an immunohistochemical study using stains for transthyretin (TTR), cytokeratins, S‐100 protein, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was carried out on archival specimens of normal and neoplastic endolymphatic sac and duct and choroid plexus epithelium. Transthyretin, a marker for choroid plexus epithelium, was found to show differential expression between choroid plexus papillomas and aggressive papillary tumors of the endolymphatic sac or duct. Therefore the use of TTR in concert with other immunohistochemical stains appear to aid in the differentiation between intracranial and intratemporal papillary tumors arising from choroid plexus and endolymphatic sac or duct epithelium.
Tubeless Laryngotracheal Surgery in Infants and Children via Jet Ventilation Laryngoscope
Authors: Grasl Matthaeus C. , Donner Andrew , Schragl Eva , Aloy Alexander 
Published: November 2003

AbstractWe present the first use of tubeless superimposed combined high‐ and low‐frequency jet ventilation (SHFJV) with a jet laryngoscope in laryngotracheal surgery in infants and children. Twenty‐eight patients underwent 53 operative procedures. The average age of the patients was 7.3 years. The most common diagnoses were laryngeal papillomatosis and subglottic stenosis. The duration of jet ventilation averaged 33 min. The gas exchange was sufficient in each case. The advantages of SHFJV in the surgery of the laryngotracheal area in infants and children are optimal view at the larynx and trachea, maximum space for the handling, application of the laser without risks, no time limitation, suitability for stenosis, and neither anesthetic nor surgical complications.
KTP Laser and Neutral Red Phototherapy of Human Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: VanderWerf Quinten M. , Castro Dan J. , Nguyen Richard D. , Paiva Marcos B. , Chao Kuo H. , Santillanes Mario E. , Saxton Romaine E. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractNeutral red (NR) is a cationic, nontoxic vital dye employed as a histologic stain for proliferating cells; it has been used clinically for photodynamic treatment of herpes simplex virus lesions. NR is selectively taken up and concentrated by mitotic cells, an important characteristic for more effective antineoplastic agents. In the present study, UCLA‐SO‐P3 human squamous carcinoma cells displayed minimal toxicity when incubated with up to 50 μg/ml NR in the absence of light. However, cells incubated with greater than 0.5μg/ml NR followed by exposure to KTP laser light at 532 nm exhibited nearly 100% tumor cell death. The degree of cell toxicity was proportional to NR dose and laser light fluence. This study demonstrates that NR is an excellent cancer cell photosensitizer in vitro, and, after adding additional in vivo preclinical testing, may prove to be a useful agent in photodynamic destruction of head and neck tumors.
High Jugular Bulb and Conductive Hearing Loss
Authors: Weiss Robert L. , Zahtz Gerald , Goldofsky Elliot , Parnes Harold , Shikowitz Mark J. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractA high jugular bulb is often discovered as an incidental finding that is asymptomatic. Conductive hearing loss in association with this anomaly may occur, but has been reported infrequently in the literature. We report five cases of high jugular bulb and associated conductive hearing loss. Mechanisms to explain the conductive hearing loss include contact of the jugular bulb with the tympanic membrane, interference with the ossicular chain, and obstruction of the round window niche. The operative findings, radiographic and audiometric data that support these mechanisms of conductive hearing loss are presented.
Expression of the Opioid Growth Factor, [Met5]‐Enkephalin, and the Zeta Opioid Receptor in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Levin Roger J. , Wu Yan , McLaughlin Patricia J. , Zagon Ian S. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractDespite the prevalence of cancers of the head and neck, survival rates have not changed in the past few decades. Recent work has implicated peptide growth factors and their receptors in the genesis and progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Opioid growth factor (OGF, [Met5]‐enkephalin) is a tonically active, autocrine and/or paracrine produced, inhibitory factor that influences the growth of normal and abnormal cells and tissues. This peptide interacts with the zeta (ζ) opioid receptor to modulate cellular proliferation, migration, and survival. Both OGF and the ζ receptor are present in mammalian tongue epithelium and skin, and modulate DNA synthesis. In the present study we examined the presence and distribution of OGF and theζ opioid receptor in the head and neck squamous cell carcinomas from seven individuals. All specimens expressed this growth factor and its receptor regardless of tumor stage, location, and histologic grade. Immunoreactivity for both OGF and the ζ receptor were associated with the cytoplasm but not the nucleus in cells of each of these carcinomas. Our findings that a potent negative growth regulator and its receptor are present in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma lead us to suggest that OGF may modulate the growth of these types of cancers.
Pneumomediastinum and Pneumothorax From Blunt Cervical Trauma in Children
Authors: Schoem Scott R. , Choi Sukgi S. , Zalzal George H. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractMinor blunt cervical injuries in children are relatively common occurrences leading to serious sequelae in only rare circumstances, yet sufficient impact of even a seemingly minor event may lead to a significant posterior tracheal wall laceration, resulting in pneumomediastinum with or without pneumothorax. Three cases demonstrate how the mechanism of injury does not always match either the severity of initial presentation or the consequent necessary level of emergent management. Pneumomediastinum without pneumothorax often can be treated conservatively; however, the onset of massive pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax may necessitate both tracheotomy and tube thoracostomy as initial treatment.
Variation of Nasal Respiratory Pattern With Age During Growth and Development
Authors: Laine‐Alava Maija T. , Minkkinen Ulla K. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine changes in nasal respiratory pattern with growth and development, particularly to determine the age where upper airway growth ceases. The results on 361 healthy subjects, aged 7 to 24 years, based on aerodynamic measurements during rest breathing, showed clear differences between inspiratory and expiratory phases. Nasal airflow rate and cross‐sectional area increased and oral‐nasal pressure and nasal resistance decreased with age up to the age of 16, levelling by the age of 20 years. The body size and gender had effect only on nasal airflow rate. This study suggests that the measurements of the nasal respiratory pattern, determining impaired nasal airway, should be done during inspiration and using age‐related assesment from a healthy population until the age of 16 years. From then on, guidelines for adults are applicable.
Pentoxifylline in the Treatment of Radiation‐Related Soft Tissue Injury: Preliminary Observations
Authors: Futran Neal D. , Trotti Andrea , Gwede Clement 
Published: November 2003

AbstractSoft tissue or mucosal injuries following radiotherapy of head and neck cancer include ulceration (necrosis), fibrosis, pain, and atrophy. Current management includes analgesics, wound debridement, antibiotics, and physical therapy depending on the type of injury. Pentoxifylline is a methylxanthine derivative that produces dose‐related hemorrheologic effects, lower blood viscosity, improved erythrocyte flexibility, and increased tissue oxygen levels. Twenty‐six patients with late radiation complications (occurring more than two months after x‐ray therapy) were given treatment with oral pentoxifylline: 15 for soft tissue necrosis (STN), six for fibrosis, and five for mucosal pain. Nine of 12 patients with STN completely healed. In all three failures osteoradionecrosis developed. Mucosal pain resolved in all five patients. Fibrosis improved in 67% of those patients. Pentoxifylline appears to accelerate healing of STN and reverse some late radiation injuries. This is the first series to our knowledge that documents activity of this agent in moderate radiotherapy complications such as fibrosis, pain, or mucosal fragility.
Pitfalls in the Diagnosis of Hemifacial Spasm
Authors: Zappia John J. , Wiet Richard J. , Chouhan Ajay , Zhao Jin‐Cheng 
Published: November 2003

AbstractHemifacial spasm (HFS), a condition characterized by involuntary unilateral facial spasms, is a disabling disorder resulting in functional compromise, patient frustration, cosmetic deformity, and social embarrassment. Compression of the seventh nerve at the root entry zone via vascular loop is presently the most widely accepted causative theory. Although less common, there are other entities that can result in HFS. Basic evaluation, including a thorough history, physical examination, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan, is important to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other causes. The relation of vascular loop syndrome to HFS is well enough established that radiologic documentation of a vascular loop is probably not necessary in every case. Here we present 12 cases of HFS, 6 without VLS. The etiology and evaluation of HFS are reviewed.
Recent Trends in Utilization of Procedures in Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery
Authors: Manoukian Paul D. , Wyatt J. Robert , Leopold Donald A. , Bass Eric B. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe development of minimally invasive techniques and increasing performance of surgery in outpatient settings have had a major influence on otolaryngology‐head and neck surgery (OLHNS), but little is known about the extent to which these forces have affected the overall distribution and total rate of performance of OLHNS procedures. The aims of this study were to determine whether there has been a change in the total number of people undergoing OLHNS procedures between 1989 and 1992 in Maryland and to identify those procedures for which there has been a significant change in utilization. Data were obtained on 171,579 patients undergoing OLHNS procedures between 1989 and 1992 in Maryland's nonfederal, acute care hospitals, hospital‐based outpatient centers, and freestanding multispecialty surgical centers. Age‐adjusted annual surgical rates were calculated by direct standardization using 1990 Maryland census data, and changes in rates over time were examined using linear regression. From 1989 to 1992, there was no significant change in the total age‐adjusted annual rate of performance of the most commonly performed OLHNS procedures (P > 0.05), yet there was a significant increase(P < 0.05) in the rates of ethmoidectomy from 37/100,000 to 73/100,000, intranasal antrotomy from 25/100,000 to 44/100,000, and septoplasty from 70/100,000 to 89/100,000, and a significant decrease (P > 0.05) in the rate of rhinoplasty from 44/100,000 to 36/100,000. The data show an annual average decrease in inpatient surgery of 5.2% (P=0.006), and a corresponding increase in outpatient surgery of 5.1% (P = 0.005). Maryland surgery rates for commonly performed procedures in OLHNS remained stable overall, except for an increase in sinus surgery and septoplasty rates and a decrease in rhinoplasty rates.
Osseointegrated Oral Implants in Head and Neck Cancer Patients
Authors: Kwakman Joke M. , Freihofer Hans‐Peter M. , van Waas Marinus A.J. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractAfter cancer treatment in the head and neck area, mastication and speech are often affected. Some of the problems encountered can be solved by adequate dental rehabilitation. However, dental rehabilitation is often compromised for various reasons. The change in anatomy due to surgery often results in lack of denture‐bearing mucosa. The effects of radiotherapy on the salivary glands and the mucosa result in dry oral tissue and diminished retention of removable dentures. Osseointegrated oral implants can help to solve these problems. Although implant treatment for patients with cancer of the head and neck is covered by the Dutch national health insurance, and there is therefore no financial obstacle, implants have not, so far, been widely used with these patients. In order to establish the possible reasons for this, an analysis was performed. Retrospective data on 95 consecutive patients were collected from records. The indication for the use of oral osseointegrated implants was reviewed. Analysis of the data showed that 45% did not need specific prosthetic rehabilitation. An indication for the use of osseointegrated implants was found in 25% of the patients. For various reasons, only 3% actually received implants. In striving to completely rehabilitate a cancer patient, the possible use of osseointegrated oral implants should be evaluated before the initial oncological treatment begins. The insertion of implants during the initial surgical procedure should be considered more often, with a view to reducing the number of surgical procedures.
Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss After General Anesthesia for Nonotologic Surgery
Authors: Evan Karin E. , Tavill Michael A. , Goldberg Andrew N. , Silverstein Herbert 
Published: November 2003

AbstractSudden sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is a well‐recognized phenomenon that is attributed to a variety of etiologies. Sudden SNHL after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery has been well reported and is thought to be due to microemboli. However, a review of the English literature revealed only 15 cases of SNHL after general anesthesia for nonotologic surgery. Several etiologies for this loss have been suggested, but no proven pathogenesis is yet available. This report adds to the literature three additional cases of sudden SNHL after general anesthesia for nonotologic surgery. The literature is reviewed and proposed mechanisms of injury are discussed.
Genetic Susceptibility to Head and Neck Cancer: Interaction Between Nutrition and Mutagen Sensitivity
Authors: Schantz Stimson P. , Zhang Zuo‐Feng , Spitz Margaret S. , Sun Ming , Hsu Tao C. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe development of head and neck cancer may depend not only on exposure to environmental carcinogens but also on a genetically based susceptibility to carcinogen‐induced damage. This thesis presents a case‐control study that demonstrates the significance of mutagen sensitivity, a measure of an individual's intrinsic DNA repair capacity against free radical damage, as a risk factor for the disease. As part of the case‐control analysis, 167 previously untreated patients and 177 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls were assessed for various lifestyle factors including tobacco and alcohol habits, occupational exposures, and diet. Mutagen sensitivity expressed by each individual was determined by quantifying bleomycin‐induced chromosomal breaks within peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro. Consistent with our initial observations and those of others, mutagen hypersensitivity was strongly associated with increased risk of head and neck cancer (odds ratio, 4.95; 95% confidence interval, 2.67 to 9.17) after adjusting for age, sex, and race. Low intake of vitamins C and E was also associated with an increased risk of disease and was interactive with mutagen sensitivity in risk estimates. Individuals with both a low intake of various antioxidants and increased chromosomal sensitivity to oxidant‐induced DNA damage were at greatest risk. This study supports the concept that the risk of head and neck cancer is determined by a balance of factors that either enhance or protect against free radical oxygen damage, including innate capacities for DNA repair.
Factors Affecting Smoking Cessation in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Ark Wesley Vander , DiNardo Laurence J. , Oliver David S. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe role of tobacco in the etiology of upper aerodigestive tract carcinomas is well established. Smoking decreases the effectiveness of cancer therapy and increases the risk of all treatment modalities. Smoking adversely affects the general health of the cancer survivor and places the patient at risk of developing additional primary tumors. The smoking habits of head and neck cancer patients were evaluated using a questionnaire administered at two tertiary head and neck cancer centers. Demographic factors, level of exposure, tumor stage and location, treatment modalities, concomitant alcohol use, and cessation methods were examined. Results demonstrate a high rate of smoking cessation at the time of cancer diagnosis. Significant demographic factors were not identified. Physical barriers to continued smoking because of cancer treatment as well as counseling at the time of tumor diagnosis were the most effective deterrents to continued tobacco use. Heavy alcohol use was a negative predictor of smoking cessation. Pharmacologic aids alone were found to be of no value. This study demonstrates the difficulties with smoking cessation in head and neck cancer patients, and emphasizes the importance of intervention by the otolaryngologist‐head and neck surgeon.
Adenovirus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Chronic Sinusitis Using Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Ramadan Hassan H. , Farr R. Wesley , Wetmore Stephen J. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate the role of adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in chronic sinusitis using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to assay for the viruses. PCR has proved to be more sensitive and specific than viral cultures and immunoassays in the detection of viruses. Adenovirus and RSV are among the most common viruses to cause upper respiratory tract infections. Sinus mucosa biopsies from 20 patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery were sterilely collected. Four specimens (20%) tested positive for RSV by PCR and none tested positive for adenovirus. Only one specimen tested positive for RSV and one for adenovirus by viral culture and immunofluorescence. Bacterial cultures tested positive in 40% of the 20 specimens. PCR can be used to detect RSV in patients with chronic sinusitis and PCR is more sensitive than viral culture and immunofluorescence techniques on sinus polyps and mucosa.
Anterior Petrosectomy Approach to Infraclinoidal Basilar Artery Aneurysms: The Emerging Role of the Neuro‐otologist in Multidisciplinary Management of Basilar Artery Aneurysms
Authors: Friedman Rick A. , Pensak Myles L. , Tauber Michael , Tew John M. , van Loveren Harry R. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractAneurysms of the basilar artery are uncommon. Historically, because of the central location of these basilar lesions, surgical access has been difficult. Moreover, while this disease and its surgical management inherently carry a high risk of patient morbidity, the presence of neighboring vital neural and vascular structures introduces additional intraoperative challenges. Since 1986 we have employed a transpetrous approach for access to selective aneurysms involving the basilar artery. Removal of the petrous apex has provided an expanded deep window through which infraclinoidal basilar artery aneurysms can be controlled. Reported herein are our results utilizing an anterior petrosectomy approach to the management of infraclinoidal artery aneurysms.
Implantation of the Lateral Cochlear Wall for Auditory Nerve Stimulation
Authors: Yueh Bevan , Manis Paul , Niparko John K. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractAlthough cochlear implants now regularly achieve gratifying results, traditional intrascalar implants have certain limitations. Extraluminal implants may offset some of these problems by accessing neurons subserving a wider tonotopic range, avoiding intracochlear insertion trauma, and offering alternatives when cochlear obliteration is present. We have investigated the utility of a lateral cochlear wall implant in a normal‐hearing cat model with implants at the middle and basal turns, and found successful activation of the auditory nerve at thresholds of 28.1 and 40.6 μA, respectively. No adventitial stimulation of the facial nerve was noted within the dynamic range. Maximum responsiveness was observed with implants of the middle turn of the cochlea, an area that is not reliably approached with current intrascalar implants. These observations support and extend prior observations of the feasibility of extraluminal stimulation of the auditory nerve.
Sensorineural Hearing Loss in themdx Mouse: A Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Raynor Eileen M. , Mulroy Michael J. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractSensorineural hearing loss has been identified in several types of muscular dystrophy, but few studies have investigated any relationship between Duchenne muscular dystrophy and hearing. An animal model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, themdx mouse, exhibits the same genetic defect as humans. We performed brainstem auditory evoked responses on mdx and control mice in order to assess sensorineural hearing loss. The amplitude and latency of wave I for each animal were measured at increasing sound pressure levels. A significant increase in threshold and a decrease in wave I amplitude were found in the mdx mice. These results indicate that significant sensorineural hearing loss is associated with muscular dystrophy in the mdx mouse. Possible cellular mechanisms contributing to the hearing deficit are presented.