bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whole‐tumor apparent diffusion coefficient histogram analysis for preoperative risk stratification in endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ma Xiaoliang , Xu Limin , Ma Fenghua , Zhang Jialiang , Zhang Guofu , Qiang Jinwei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the application of whole‐tumor apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram metrics for preoperative risk stratification in endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EEA).MethodsPreoperative MRI of 502 EEA patients were retrospectively analyzed. Whole tumor ADC histogram analysis was performed with regions of interest drawn on all tumor slices of diffusion‐weighted imaging scans. Risk stratification was based on ESMO‐ESTRO‐ESP guidelines: low‐, intermediate‐, high‐intermediate‐, and high‐risk. Univariable analysis was used to compare ADC histogram metrics (tumor volume, minADC, maxADC, and meanADC; 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles of ADC [recorded as P10, P25, P50, P75, and P90 ADC, respectively]; skewness; and kurtosis) between different risk EEAs, and multivariable logistic regression analysis to determine the optimal metric or combined model for risk stratifications. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis with the area under the curve (AUC) was used for diagnostic performance evaluation.ResultsA decreasing tendency in multiple ADC values was observed from the low‐ to high‐intermediate‐risk EEAs. The (low + intermediate)‐risk EEAs and low‐risk EEAs had significantly smaller tumor volumes and higher minADCs, meanADCs, P10, P25, P50, P75, and P90 ADCs than the (high‐intermediate + high)‐risk EEAs and non‐low‐risk EEAs (all P < 0.05), respectively. The combined models of the (meanADC + volume) and the (P75 ADC + volume) yielded the largest AUCs of 0.775 and 0.780 in identifying the (low + intermediate)‐ and the low‐risk EEAs from the other EEAs, respectively.ConclusionWhole‐tumor ADC histogram metrics might be helpful for preoperatively identifying low‐ and (low + intermediate)‐risk EEAs, facilitating personalized therapeutic planning.
Multiplicity of solutions for a singular problem involving the fractional p$p$‐Laplacian in the whole space
Authors: Wu Zijian , Chen Haibo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we prove the multiplicity of positive solutions for the following singular problem involving the fractional ‐Laplacian:
Here, , , and . Under appropriate assumptions on , , and , two positive entire solutions are obtained by using the Nehari manifold method.
Trudinger‐type inequalities for variable Riesz potentials of functions in Musielak–Orlicz–Morrey spaces over metric measure spaces
Authors: Ohno Takao , Shimomura Tetsu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe study Trudinger‐type inequalities for variable Riesz potentials of functions in Musielak–Orlicz–Morrey spaces over bounded metric measure spaces. As a good example, we obtain Trudinger‐type inequalities for double‐phase functionals . As an application, we introduce Musielak–Orlicz–Morrey–Hajłasz–Sobolev spaces and give Trudinger‐type inequalities for Sobolev functions.
Strategic delegation in Nash bargaining
Authors: Kirstein Roland 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBargainers can increase their outcome by delegation. This paper analyzes delegation contracts consisting of two components: First, a percentage of the outcome if the delegate concludes an agreement. Second, a bonus payment if the delegate fails to do so. This paper derives the effects of these components on the principal's payoff and shows that the optimal contract is unique. Optimally, the principal offers a small share and a high reward for failure to reach an agreement. Delegate's bargaining skills play no role in the optimal contract. The condition is derived under which the optimal contract benefits the principal.
Head and Neck Cancer Online Support Groups: Disparities in Participation and Impact on Patients
Authors: Tam Benjamin , Lin Matthew , Castellanos Carlos , Ulloa Ruben , Kokot Niels , Hur Kevin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize the users of the head and neck cancer (HNC) online support group (OSG) and describe the perceived benefits of membership.Study DesignCross‐sectional.SettingOnline.MethodsAn administered survey with questions asking about demographics, cancer history, treatment choices, and feelings about OSGs was posted on the 5 largest HNC OSGs on Facebook.ResultsA total of 97 participants completed the survey. Mean age was 57.8 years old (standard deviation = 10.7 years). Most participants were female (50.5%) and Caucasian (92.8%). This cohort was well educated with 65.5% holding at least a college degree. Annual income was high with 41.8% reporting annual income of $100,000 or greater. The most common treatment modality was radiation (88.7%). The most common surgery was neck dissection (46.4%). Most participants preferred OSGs (70.8%) over other support group types. OSGs were heavily utilized with our cohort reporting using the OSG at least several times a week (80.0%). The top reasons for joining the OSG were sharing one's experience of HNC (76.3%) and gaining support from others with HNC (85.6%). OSGs were ranked as the #3 source of medical information for HNC behind otolaryngologists and oncologists. Membership in a HNC OSG had a minimal impact on decision‐making.ConclusionHNC OSGs appear to provide a beneficial community for HNC patients. Otolaryngologists should consider incorporating HNC OSG as a possible supplemental resource for their HNC patients.
Research Progress on Quercetin's Biological Activity and Structural Modification Based on Its Antitumor Effects
Authors: Guo Mingxin , Zeng Jiaqi , Sun Zhangzhang , Wu Xia , Hu Zhiqiang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractQuercetin is a naturally existing flavonoid with numerous physiological effects, including antitumor activity. It functions as an antitumor agent by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting tumor cell development, preventing tumor cell invasion and metastasis, and reversing tumor multidrug resistance. Quercetin has limited therapeutic usefulness due to its low water solubility, poor oral absorption, and low bioavailability. New quercetin derivatives are being developed and manufactured via a variety of methods to address inadequacies and for utilization in disease prevention and therapy. The synthesis and anticancer effects of quercetin derivatives, as well as the structure‐activity relationship of quercetin derivatives, were explored, and the unique dosage forms of these derivatives were summarized to serve as a reference for future quercetin research and development.
Mitophagy Activation by Urolithin A to Target Muscle Aging
Authors: Faitg Julie , D’Amico Davide , Rinsch Chris , Singh Anurag 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe age-related loss of skeletal muscle function starts from midlife and if left unaddressed can lead to an impaired quality of life. A growing body of evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction is causally involved with muscle aging. Muscles are tissues with high metabolic requirements, and contain rich mitochondria supply to support their continual energy needs. Cellular mitochondrial health is maintained by expansing of the mitochondrial pool though mitochondrial biogenesis, by preserving the natural mitochondrial dynamic process, via fusion and fission, and by ensuring the removal of damaged mitochondria through mitophagy. During aging, mitophagy levels decline and negatively impact skeletal muscle performance. Nutritional and pharmacological approaches have been proposed to manage the decline in muscle function due to impaired mitochondria bioenergetics. The natural postbiotic Urolithin A has been shown to promote mitophagy, mitochondrial function and improved muscle function across species in different experimental models and across multiple clinical studies. In this review, we explore the biology of Urolithin A and the clinical evidence of its impact on promoting healthy skeletal muscles during age-associated muscle decline.
Evaluating the potential impact of lifestyle-based behavior change interventions delivered at the time of colorectal cancer screening
Authors: Shah Veeraj , Geller Greta , Xu Diane , Taylor Lily , Griffin Simon , Usher-Smith Juliet A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To analyze interventions implemented at the time of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, or among individuals who have previously undergone investigation for CRC, focused on reducing CRC risk through promotion of lifestyle behavior change. Additionally, this review evaluated to what extent such interventions apply behavior change techniques (BCTs) to achieve their objectives.

Methods
Five databases were systematically searched to identify randomized control trials seeking to reduce CRC risk through behavior change. Outcomes were changes in health-related lifestyle behaviors associated with CRC risk, including changes in dietary habits, body mass index, smoking behaviors, alcohol consumption, and physical activity. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using random effects models. BCT’s were coded from a published taxonomy of 93 techniques.

Results
Ten RCT’s met the inclusion criteria. Greater increase in fruit/vegetable consumption in the intervention group were observed with respect to the control (SMD 0.13, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.18; p < 0.001). Across fiber, alcohol, fat, red meat, and multivitamin consumption, and smoking behaviors, similar positive outcomes were observed (SMD 0.09–0.57 for all, p < 0.01). However, among physical activity and body mass index, no difference between the intervention groups compared with controls were observed. A median of 7.5 BCTs were applied across included interventions.

Conclusion
While magnitude of the observed effect sizes varied, they correspond to potentially important changes in lifestyle behaviors when considered on a population scale. Future interventions should identify avenues to maximize long-term engagement to promote sustained lifestyle behavior change.
On the Single Layer Boundary Integral Operator for the Dirac Equation
Authors: Holzmann Markus 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper is devoted to the analysis of the single layer boundary integral operator $$\mathcal {C}_z$$

C
z

for the Dirac equation in the two- and three-dimensional situation. The map $$\mathcal {C}_z$$

C
z

is the strongly singular integral operator having the integral kernel of the resolvent of the free Dirac operator $$A_0$$

A
0

and z belongs to the resolvent set of $$A_0$$

A
0

. In the case of smooth boundaries fine mapping properties and a decomposition of $$\mathcal {C}_z$$

C
z

in a ‘positive’ and ‘negative’ part are analyzed. The obtained results can be applied in the treatment of Dirac operators with singular electrostatic, Lorentz scalar, and anomalous magnetic interactions that are combined in a critical way.
The genes regulating sensitivity of tumor cells to T cell-mediated killing: could they be potential personalized immunotherapeutic targets in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma?
Authors: Hu Shaonan , Duan Heng , Lu Yongtao , Huang Shaohong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objective
To identify the pivotal genes, specifically the STTK genes, that govern the sensitivity of tumor cells to T cell-mediated killing in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSC).

Methods
The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in HNSC and STTK genes were overlapped to obtain the DE-STTK genes. Univariate and LASSO regression analyses were conducted to identify the pivotal DE-STTK genes that serve as hubs in HNSC (i.e., hub DE-STTK genes). The risk model was established to divide HNSC tumor samples into high- and low-risk groups based on the hub DE-STTK genes. Further investigations were carried out by examing the expression level, prognostic values, diagnostic values, enriched signaling pathways, correlation with tumor mutation burden (TMB), and association with tumor immune infiltration cells (TIICs).

Results
A total of 71 genes were found to be overlapped between DEGs in HNSC and STTK genes. Lasso regression analysis identified 9 hub genes which were MYF6, AATF, AURKA, CXCL9, DPM2, MYO1B, NCBP2, TNFRSF12A, and TRAF1. The network analysis of hub DE-STTK genes-pathway reveals that these 9 hub genes exhibit enrichment in multiple signaling pathways, including toll-like receptor signaling, TNF signaling, NF-kappa B signaling, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, spliceosome, mRNA surveillance pathway, nucleocytoplasmic transport, GPI-anchor biosynthesis, as well as N-Glycan biosynthesis. The Pearson correlation analysis showed that the majority of correlations between 9 hub DE-STTK genes and immune cells were positive.

Conclusion
The 9 identified hub DE-STTK genes (MYF6, AATF, AURKA, CXCL9, DPM2, MYO1B, NCBP2, TNFRSF12A, and TRAF1) are presumptively implicated in the modulation of tumor immunity in HNSC. These genes, along with their enriched pathways, hold promise as potential personalized immunotherapeutic targets for the treatment of HNSC, thereby offering novel avenues for therapeutic intervention in this malignancy.
Industrial waste heat estimation for the manufacturing industry in Chile
Authors: Fernández A. G. , Soler D. , Miró L. , Labidi J. , Cabeza L. F. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractChile is one of the countries with most growing industries worldwide due to their mining and manufacturing industries. Nevertheless, at the same time there is a lack on energy generation and processes efficiency. The objectives of this paper are to estimate the amount of available industrial waste heat derived from the manufacturing industry in Chile, to locate these heat sources geographically, to assess the best technologies to be used to take advantage of this heat, and finally, to estimate the environmental savings of its reuse. Results showed that the sectors with the highest potential for the use of residual heat are food and beverages with an average accumulated potential of 62.9 PJ, basic metals with 21.5 PJ, chemical products with 15.1 PJ, paper products with 10.8 PJ, and non-metallic minerals with 10.6 PJ. With these data, the energy generation in Chile could be more efficient as well as the industrial processes could save more energy, reducing costs and raw materials.
Alterations in Per2, Bcl2 gene expression, and oxidative status in aged rats liver after light pulse at night
Authors: El-Hennamy Rehab E. , Elmasry Heba A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe aging process is characterized by circadian rhythm disruption, in physiology and behavior, which could result from weak entrainment. Light is the most potent cue that entrains the central circadian clock, which in turn synchronizes peripheral clocks in animal tissues. Period 2 (Per2) is one of the clock genes that respond to light. Moreover, oxidative stress could entrain the clock. Therefore, the present work aimed to investigate the role of light when applied late at night on the Per2, B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) gene expression, and oxidative status in aged rats. Aged rats were divided into a control group and a group exposed to a 30-min light pulse applied daily during the subjective night at 5 am (ZT 22) for 4 weeks. Per2 and Bcl2 gene expression were quantified in liver tissue. To evaluate oxidative status, Glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were estimated. The light pulse reduced the expression levels of Per2 and Bcl2 mRNA. Although it diminished the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) levels were elevated and the glutathione (GSH) levels were declined. In conclusion, the light pulse late at night abolished Per2 mRNA circadian rhythm and reduced its expression in the liver of the aged rat. Similarly, it diminished the anti-apoptotic gene expression, Bcl2. Moreover, it might attenuate oxidative stress through the reduction in MDA levels.
Convection and Convective‐Organization in Hothouse Climates
Authors: Dagan Guy , Seeley Jacob T. , Steiger Nathan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn a “hothouse” climate, warm temperatures lead to a high tropospheric water vapor concentration. Sufficiently high water vapor levels lead to the closing of the water vapor infrared window, which prevents radiative cooling of the lower troposphere. Because water vapor also weakly absorbs solar radiation, hothouse climates feature radiative heating of the lower troposphere. In recent work, this radiative heating was shown to trigger a shift into a novel “episodic deluge” precipitation regime, where rainfall occurs in short, intense outbursts separated by multi‐day dry spells. Here, we further examine the role of the lower tropospheric radiative heating (LTRH) in the transition into the “episodic deluge” regime. We demonstrate that under high sea‐surface temperature the “episodic deluge” regime could be formed even before the LTRH turns positive. In addition, we examine whether these oscillations operate on larger scales and how these oscillations, which represent “temporal” convective self‐organization, would manifest in the presence of traditional “spatial” self‐ or forced‐aggregation in large‐domain convection‐permitting simulations. We find that the temporal oscillations become much less synchronized throughout a large domain ( 1,000 km) because gravity waves cannot propagate fast enough to synchronize convection. We also show that temporal oscillations still dominate the rainfall distribution even when there is tropical convective self‐aggregation or a large‐scale overturning circulation. These results could have important implications for extreme precipitation events under a warming climate.
Efficacy and safety of calcipotriol as a potential topical treatment of acne vulgaris: a randomized, controlled, triple blinded, split-face clinical trial
Authors: Mahran Ayman , Ghazally Alaa , Ali Ali Saleh , Bakr Radwa M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Acne vulgaris is a common skin problem that may result in significant scarring and systemic comorbidities. Adverse effects and increasing resistance to available treatments urge the development of new therapeutics. Topical vitamin D analogues have been successfully used in psoriasis; however, the efficacy and safety of calcipotriol as a potential topical treatment of acne is yet to be established.

Objectives
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of calcipotriol in treating acne compared with adapalene and placebo.

Methods
Sixty patients with acne were included and randomly divided into two groups of 30 patients each. Group I participants were treated by daily application of calcipotriol 0.005% cream on one facial side vs. placebo (petrolatum) over the other side. Group II were treated by daily application of adapalene 0.1% gel over one facial side vs. calcipotriol on the other. Therapeutic response was evaluated using the Japanese Acne Grading System (JAGS) and through photographic evaluation using Mean Improvement Score by Physician.

Results
Adapalene-treated skin gave the greatest improvement and the highest patient satisfaction compared with skin treated with calcipotriol or placebo (P = 0.001). Nonetheless, the calcipotriol-treated side showed a significantly greater reduction in post-treatment JAGS score and much greater satisfaction than placebo. As treatment continued, improved tolerability to calcipotriol was noted, with comparable side-effects between the three study arms.

Conclusions
Calcipotriol seems to be a promising new safe topical therapeutic option for acne. However, adapalene is still superior in efficacy, tolerability and patient satisfaction.
Do people with eczema and their carers understand topical steroid potency? Results of two surveys
Authors: Moss Celia , Haider Zahra , Proctor Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Topical corticosteroids (TCSs) are classified into four potencies: mild, moderate, potent and very potent. Confusion arises from the wide range of products available, none of which have the potency level printed on the tubes or packaging. An online survey of patients and carers of people with eczema showed that only 17% of 984 respondents knew how many potencies there are. In a second survey, 315 respondents provided 1520 assignments of the potency of commonly used TCSs: 55.5% were correct, 21% were underestimates and 23.5% overestimates. Some errors were extreme: 12 (8%) of those using a very potent TCS considered it mild while 9 (27%) using a mild TCS considered it potent or very potent. Other themes expressed in free-text comments included inadequate and conflicting advice about using TCSs and lack of warnings about long-term adverse effects, particularly topical steroid withdrawal. Ninety-five per cent of respondents wanted TCSs to be clearly labelled with potency.
Commonly used Bayesian diversification methods lead to biologically meaningful differences in branch-specific rates on empirical phylogenies
Authors: Martínez-Gómez Jesús , Song Michael J , Tribble Carrie M , Kopperud Bjørn T , Freyman William A , Höhna Sebastian , Specht Chelsea D , Rothfels Carl J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Identifying along which lineages shifts in diversification rates occur is a central goal of comparative phylogenetics; these shifts may coincide with key evolutionary events such as the development of novel morphological characters, the acquisition of adaptive traits, polyploidization or other structural genomic changes, or dispersal to a new habitat and subsequent increase in environmental niche space. However, while multiple methods now exist to estimate diversification rates and identify shifts using phylogenetic topologies, the appropriate use and accuracy of these methods are hotly debated. Here we test whether five Bayesian methods—Bayesian Analysis of Macroevolutionary Mixtures (BAMM), two implementations of the Lineage-Specific Birth–Death–Shift model (LSBDS and PESTO), the approximate Multi-Type Birth–Death model (MTBD; implemented in BEAST2), and the Cladogenetic Diversification Rate Shift model (ClaDS2)—produce comparable results. We apply each of these methods to a set of 65 empirical time-calibrated phylogenies and compare inferences of speciation rate, extinction rate, and net diversification rate. We find that the five methods often infer different speciation, extinction, and net-diversification rates. Consequently, these different estimates may lead to different interpretations of the macroevolutionary dynamics. The different estimates can be attributed to fundamental differences among the compared models. Therefore, the inference of shifts in diversification rates is strongly method dependent. We advise biologists to apply multiple methods to test the robustness of the conclusions or to carefully select the method based on the validity of the underlying model assumptions to their particular empirical system.