bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The in vivo synthesis of plant sesquiterpenes by Escherichia coli
Authors: Martin Vincent J.J. , Yoshikuni Yasuo , Keasling Jay D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThree plant genes encoding (+)‐δ‐cadinene, 5‐epi‐aristolochene, and vetispiradiene cyclases were expressed in Escherichia coli to evaluate the potential of this bacterium to synthesize sesquiterpenes in vivo. Various growth temperatures, carbon sources, and host strains were examined to optimize terpene production. The highest levels of sesquiterpene production occurred when the enzymes were expressed in strain DH5α from the trc promoter (Ptrc) of the high‐copy plasmidpTrc99A in M9 medium supplemented with 0.2% (v/v) glycerol at 30°C for 5‐epi‐aristolochene and vetispiradiene and 37°C for (+)‐δ‐cadinene. The highest concentrations of sesquiterpenes observed were 10.3 μg of (+)‐δ‐cadinene, 0.24 μg of 5‐epi‐aristolochene (measured as (+)‐δ‐cadinene equivalents), and 6.4 μg of vetispiradiene (measured as (+)‐δ‐cadinene equivalents) per liter of culture. These sesquiterpene production levels are >500‐fold lower than carotenoid production, both of which are synthesized from endogenous trans‐farnesyl diphosphate (FDP) in E. coli. Based on these results, we conclude that the limiting factor for sesquiterpene synthesis in E. coli is the poor expression of the cyclase enzyme and not supply of the FDP precursor. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 75: 497–503, 2001.
Enzyme microgels in packed‐bed bioreactors with downstream amperometric detection using microfabricated interdigitated microsensor electrode arrays
Authors: Guiseppi‐Elie Anthony , Sheppard Norman F. , Brahim Sean , Narinesingh Dyer 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this article, we describe the use of pH‐ responsive hydrogels as matrices for the immobilization of two enzymes, glucose oxidase (GOx) and glutamate oxidase (GlutOx). Spherical hydrogel beads were prepared by inverse suspension polymerization and the enzymes were immobilized by either physical entrapment or covalent immobilization within or on the hydrogel surface. Packed‐bed bioreactors were prepared containing the bioactive hydrogels and these incorporated into flow injection (FI) systems for the quantitation of glucose and monosodium glutamate (MSG) respectively. The FI amperometric detector comprised a microfabricated interdigitated array within a thin‐layer flow cell. For the FI manifold incorporating immobilized GOx, glucose response curves were found to be linear over the concentration range 1.8–280 mg dL−1 (0.1–15.5 mM) with a detection limit of 1.4 mg dL−1 (0.08 mM). Up to 20 samples can be manually analyzed per hour, with the hydrogel‐GOx bioreactor exhibiting good within‐day (0.19%) precision. The optimized FI manifold for MSG quantitation yielded a linear response range of up to 135 mg dL−1 (8 mM) with a detection limit of 3.38 mg dL−1 (0.2 mM) and a throughput of 30 samples h−1. Analysis of commercially produced soup samples gave a within‐day precision of 3.6%. Bioreactors containing these two physically entrapped enzymes retained > 60% of their initial activities after a storage period of up to 1 year. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 75: 475–484, 2001.
Bioengineering and characterization of DNA–protein assemblies floating on supported membranes
Authors: Boireau Wilfrid , Bombard Sophie , Sari Marie‐Agnès , Pompon Denis 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA biodevice involving thiolated ssDNA and engineered cytochrome b5 linked through a cis‐platine bridge is described. This original nanostructure is associated to a supported membrane through a floating anchor, thus constituting a dynamic bidimensionnal DNA capture device contrasting with the constrained geometry of currently available DNA chips. Characterization by optical spectroscopy, surface plasmon resonance and gel electrophoresis demonstrated that an unique molecular supra‐assembly featuring specific DNA recognition capability has been obtained. This device is characterized by the reversibility of its assembly, self‐organization and fluidity properties and is of interest as a prototype to design new generations of DNA chip biosensors. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 77: 225–231, 2002.
Recovery of small bioparticles by interfacial partitioning
Authors: Jauregi P. , Hoeben M. A. , van der Lans R. G. J. M. , Kwant G. , van der Wielen L. A. M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this article, a qualitative study of the recovery of small bioparticles by interfacial partitioning in liquid‐liquid biphasic systems is presented. A range of crystallised biomolecules with varying polarities have been chosen such as glycine, phenylglycine and ampicillin. Liquid‐liquid biphasic systems in a range of polarity differences were selected such as an aqueous two‐phase system (ATPS), water‐butanol and water‐hexanol. The results indicate that interfacial partitioning of crystals occurs even when their density exceeds that of the individual liquid phases. Yet, not all crystals partition to the same extent to the interface to form a stable and thick interphase layer. This indicates some degree of selectivity. From the analysis of these results in relation to the physicochemical properties of the crystals and the liquid phases, a hypothetical mechanism for the interfacial partitioning is deduced. Overall these results support the potential of interfacial partitioning as a large scale separation technology. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 78: 355–364, 2002.
Swimming characteristics of magnetic bacterium, Magnetospirillum sp. AMB‐1, and implications as toxicity measurement
Authors: Seong Shimyoung , Park Tai Hyun 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo develop a novel toxicity measurement system using the persistent swimming property of magnetic bacteria along an externally applied magnetic field, certain characteristics of Magnetospirillum sp. AMB‐1 cells were examined, including their growth pattern, motility, magnetosensitivity, swimming speed, and cell length distribution. In addition, the effect of toxic compounds on the swimming speed was assessed relative to application as a toxicity sensor. With an inoculum of 1.0 × 108 cells/mL, the cells reached the stationary phase with a concentration of about 5 × 108 cells/mL after 20 h, under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The distribution of the cell length did not vary significantly during the growth period, and both aerobically and anaerobically growing cells showed a similar cell length distribution. Although the cells showed similar growth patterns under both conditions, the anaerobically grown cells exhibited higher motility and magnetosensitivity. Actively growing cells under anaerobic conditions had an average swimming speed of 49 μm/s with a standard deviation of 20 μm/s. When the anaerobically growing cells were exposed to various concentrations of toxic compounds, such as 1‐propanol and acetone, the swimming speed decreased with an increased concentration of the toxic compound. Accordingly, the relationship between swimming speed and toxicity can be used as an effective quantitative toxicity measurement; furthermore, the relative sensitivity of the proposed system was comparable to Microtox, which is commercially available. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 76: 11–16, 2001.
Kinetic resolution of chiral amines with ω‐transaminase using an enzyme‐membrane reactor
Authors: Shin Jong‐Shik , Kim Byung‐Gee , Liese Andreas , Wandrey Christian 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA kinetic resolution process for the production of chiral amines was developed using an enzyme‐membrane reactor (EMR) and a hollow‐fiber membrane contactor with (S)‐specific ω‐transaminases (ω‐TA) from Vibrio fluvialis JS17 and Bacillus thuringiensis JS64. The substrate solution containing racemic amine and pyruvate was recirculated through the EMR and inhibitory ketone product was selectively extracted by the membrane contactor until enantiomeric excess of (R)‐amine exceeded 95%. Using the reactor set‐up with flat membrane reactor (10‐mL working volume), kinetic resolutions of α‐methylbenzylamine (α‐MBA) and 1‐aminotetralin (200 mM, 50 mL) were carried out. During the operation, concentration of ketone product, i.e., acetophenone or α‐tetralone, in a substrate reservoir was maintained below 0.1 mM, suggesting efficient removal of the inhibitory ketone by the membrane contactor. After 47 and 32.5 h of operation using 5 U/mL of enzyme, 98.0 and 95.5% ee of (R)‐α‐MBA and (R)‐1‐aminotetralin were obtained at 49.5 and 48.8% of conversion, respectively. A hollow‐fiber membrane reactor (39‐mL working volume) was used for a preparative‐scale kinetic resolution of 1‐aminotetralin (200 mM, 1 L). After 133 h of operation, enantiomeric excess reached 95.6% and 14.3 g of (R)‐1‐aminotetralin was recovered (97.4% of yield). Mathematical modeling of the EMR process including the membrane contactor was performed to evaluate the effect of residence time. The simulation results suggest that residence time should be short to maintain the concentration of the ketone product in EMR sufficiently low so as to decrease conversion per cycle and, in turn, reduce the inhibition of the ω‐TA activity. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 73: 179–187, 2001.
Enzyme stabilization by covalent binding in nanoporous sol‐gel glass for nonaqueous biocatalysis
Authors: Wang Ping , Dai Sheng , Waezsada S. D. , Tsao Alice Y. , Davison Brian H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA unique nanoporous sol‐gel glass possessing a highly ordered porous structure (with a pore size of 153 Å in diameter) was examined for use as a support material for enzyme immobilization. A model enzyme, α‐chymotrypsin, was efficiently bound onto the glass via a bifunctional ligand, trimethoxysilylpropanal, with an active enzyme loading of 0.54 wt%. The glass‐bound chymotrypsin exhibited greatly enhanced stability both in aqueous solution and organic solvents. The half‐life of the glass‐bound α‐chymotrypsin was >1000‐fold higher than that of the native enzyme, as measured either in aqueous buffer or anhydrous methanol. The enhanced stability in methanol, which excludes the possibility of enzyme autolysis, particularly reflected that the covalent binding provides effective protection against enzyme inactivation caused by structural denaturation. In addition, the activity of the immobilized α‐chymotrypsin was also much higher than that of the native enzyme in various organic solvents. From these results, it appears that the glass–enzyme complex developed in the present work can be used as a high‐performance biocatalyst for various chemical processing applications, particularly in organic media. Published by John Wiley & Sons Biotechnol Bioeng 74: 249–255, 2001.
Identification of unilateral elbow‐joint position is impaired by Parkinson's disease
Authors: Zia Shagufta , Cody Frederick W.J. , O'Boyle Donald J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe have compared the ability of patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) with that of control subjects to identify unilateral elbow‐joint position, in the absence of direct vision of the arm, by visual reference to a graduated angular scale, placed beside the elbow, across a range of test angles of 90–108 degrees. The positioning of the subject's elbow was achieved under either passive (subject relaxed, Experiment 1) or active (subject contracting, Experiment 2) conditions. PD patients' performance (while on L‐dopa medication) with the elbows on the sides of “worse” and “better” motor signs was compared with that of controls with, respectively, the left and right elbows. In both experiments, (a) both the individual, overall mean unsigned (with respect to direction) error averaged across all test angles (accuracy), and the SD about this mean (precision), were significantly larger on each side among PD patients than among controls, and (b) the subjective ranges of values employed by PD patients were substantially compressed, on average, by comparison with those of controls. Within‐group analyses revealed that (a) among control subjects, but not among PD subjects, individual, overall mean unsigned errors, on each side, averaged across test angles, were significantly smaller under active than under passive conditions, and (b) the subjective ranges employed by PD patients, but not by controls, under active conditions significantly exceeded those under passive conditions. We conclude that these results are generally consistent with the notion that PD impairs unilateral elbow‐joint position sense. Clin. Anat. 15:23–31, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The assessment of drawings from children who have been maltreated: a systematic review
Authors: Veltman Marijcke W. M. , Browne Kevin D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper presents a systematic review that aims to identify studies using drawing techniques with maltreated children. The paper first introduces the relevant developmental theory relating to children's drawings and its application to practice. Studies using drawing techniques with maltreated children were identified from both the research and practice literature. These were summarized and compared. The evidence from the studies appears relatively inconclusive as to the value of children's drawings for the identification of possible maltreatment, although they do apparently help in aiding recall of important events. Drawings are widely used to assess maltreatment and neglect of children. However, researchers advocate caution in generalizing and interpreting drawings from children with differing experiences. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Economic deprivation, experiential deprivation and social loneliness in unemployed and employed youth
Authors: Creed Peter A. , Reynolds Judith 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOne hundred and forty‐eight youth were allocated to one of four occupational sub‐groups: 47 unemployed with no access to paid work; 32 unemployed with access to some paid work; 30 unemployed with access to regular paid work; and 39 full‐time employed. All participants were assessed for levels of Economic Deprivation, Experiential Deprivation, Social Loneliness and Psychological Distress. Results indicated that Economic Deprivation and Experiential Deprivation varied according to occupational status, with those full‐time employed having the least deprivation and those not attached to the work‐force experiencing the most. Levels of deprivation were related to levels of Psychological Distress. Social Loneliness also varied across the occupational groupings. The unemployed with access to regular paid work experienced the least Social Loneliness; the unemployed with no paid work experienced the most. Lastly, both Economic and Experiential Deprivation were able to predict Psychological Distress; only Experiential Deprivation was able to predict Social Loneliness. Results are discussed in the context of Jahoda's (1982) deprivation model and Weiss's (1973, 1974) social loneliness model. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rheolytic thrombectomy with Angiojet in thrombus‐containing lesions
Authors: Singh Mandeep , Tiede Daniel J. , Mathew Verghese , Garratt Kirk N. , Lennon Ryan J. , Holmes David R. , Rihal Charanjit S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe AngioJet thrombectomy device removes thrombus by creating a negative pressure and causing fragmentation of the thrombus. The objective was to study the safety and efficacy of this thrombectomy device during coronary interventions and to report the results of our experience. We studied 72 patients (mean age, 64.9 ± 12.6 years; 79% males) who had an AngioJet procedure during coronary intervention; 33 (46%) had vein graft intervention. All patients had angiographic thrombus. Most patients presented either with unstable angina (54%) or acute myocardial infarction (32%) within 24 hr. The procedural success was high with AngioJet (93%). TIMI grade 3 flow was achieved in 79% of lesions treated with AngioJet. In‐hospital mortality was 1.4%, death/Q‐wave myocardial infarction was 4.2%, and the composite endpoint of death and Q‐wave myocardial infarction/revascularization was 5.6% for patients undergoing AngioJet. Subgroup analysis of patients with vein graft intervention demonstrated high procedural success in those undergoing AngioJet (91%). At 1‐year follow‐up of the successful percutaneous interventions with AngioJet, the mortality, death/Q‐myocardial infarction, and composite endpoint rates were 10%, 13.3%, and 35.5%, respectively. Long‐term event‐free survival was worse in vein graft interventions. The incidence of death, death/myocardial infarction, or composite endpoints at 1 year was 16%, 19%, and 46%, respectively. High procedural success can be achieved with the AngioJet thrombectomy device in lesions containing thrombus. It is effective in both native coronary arteries and vein graft interventions. However, the long‐term outcome of patients with vein graft intervention was worse. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;56:1–7. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Radiofrequency perforation in the treatment of congenital heart disease
Authors: Benson Lee N. , Nykanen David , Collison Amanda 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCatheter‐directed perforation of cardiac tissue with radiofrequency (RF) energy has expanded the horizon of the interventional cardiologist dealing with congenital heart disorders. The focus of the following discussion will be to detail the biophysical basis behind RF perforation and review its application in the management of congenital heart lesions. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;56:72–82. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Retrieval of dislodged and disfigured transradially delivered coronary stent: Report on a case using forcep and antegrade brachial sheath insertion
Authors: Kim Moo Hyun , Cha Kwang Soo , Kim Jong Seong 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe report a case of dislodged and damaged stent during transradial coronary procedure using 6 Fr device, which was successfully retrieved by using a forcep and 8 Fr antegrade brachial sheath. The disfigured and bulky stent can be removed, after their retrieval from the coronary circulation, using a forcep inserted through an 8 Fr brachial artery sheath if the radial artery is deemed too small to accommodate larger sheath. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;52:489–491. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impact of contrast agent type (ionic versus nonionic) used for coronary angiography on angiographic, electrocardiographic, and clinical outcomes following thrombolytic administration in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Gibson C. Michael , Kirtane Ajay J. , Murphy Sabina A. , Marble Susan J. , de Lemos James A. , Antman Elliot M. , Braunwald Eugene 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe goal of this study was to examine the relationship between contrast agent type (ionic vs. nonionic) and angiographic, electrocardiographic, and clinical outcomes after thrombolytic administration. Ionic or nonionic contrast agents were selected in a nonrandomized fashion for 90‐min angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) following thrombolytic administration in the TIMI 14 trial [tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) or reteplase (rPA) vs. low‐dose lytic + abciximab]. There was no relationship between contrast agent type and overall patency, rate of TIMI grade 3 flow, or corrected TIMI frame counts (CTFCs) in open culprit arteries and in post‐PCI patency rates or post‐PCI CTFCs. In patients treated with ionic contrast, ejection fractions at 90 min were slightly but significantly lower (56.2 ± 16.5, n = 122, vs. 59.8 ± 14.4, n = 322; P = 0.02), chest pain duration was longer (2.8 ± 4.1 hr, n = 255, vs. 1.7 ± 3.6, n = 550; P = 0.0003), and complete ST segment resolution was less frequent (41.5% vs. 50.8%; P = 0.04). While there was no difference in epicardial blood flow, ionic contrast agent use was associated with poorer ST segment resolution, longer chest pain duration, and poorer ejection fractions, perhaps as a result of microvascular dysfunction. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;53:6–11. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of the new IntraStent for treatment of transverse arch hypoplasia/coarctation of the aorta
Authors: Recto Michael R. , Elbl Francisco , Austin Erle 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe report the use of a new biliary stent (IntraStent Double Strut LD) adapted for use in a 16‐year‐old young man with moderate‐severe transverse arch hypoplasia/coarctation of the aorta following two surgical attempts at correction/relief of the coarctation. The stent implantation procedure resulted in complete relief of the coarctation. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;53:499–503. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bare metal stents with or without coil embolization for abdominal aortic aneurysm exclusion in high‐risk patients
Authors: Villareal Rollo P. , Kar Biswajit , Howell Marcus H. , Strickman Neil , Krajcer Zvonimir 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe objective of the study was to determine if uncovered self‐expanding metallic stents with or without polyester‐covered coils can exclude abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). Exclusion using uncovered metal stents with or without coils has been shown to be successful in the animal model. Twelve patients underwent aneurysmal therapy with uncovered self‐expanding metallic stents and polyester covered metallic coils (male, 8; female, 4; mean age, 74 ± 8 years) because no other therapeutic alternative was available. Indications were severe aorto‐iliac disease, presumptively high surgical risk due to comorbidities, a previously failed endograft attempt, and a hostile abdomen as a result of prior surgeries. Under local anesthesia, stents were introduced percutaneously via 10 or 11 Fr sheaths into the femoral artery and deployed in an overlapping fashion to cover the length of the AAA. All endoluminal procedures were successful, and no major complications were encountered. The average hospital stay was 33 ± 21 hr. At a mean follow‐up of 18 ± 13 months, there was no rupture, leak, or evidence of aneurysm expansion in any of the patients. There was one mortality that was not AAA‐related. The remaining patients had no aneurysm‐related symptoms. Endoluminal exclusion of an AAA using self‐expanding bare metal stents with or without coil embolization may be a viable treatment option for patients who cannot undergo standard surgical or endovascular repair. However, these data do not demonstrate that this methodology actually precludes rupture since the cohort is of small size. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;54:12–18. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.