bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topical application of oxifulvic acid suppresses the cutaneous immune response in mice
Authors: Van Rensburg Constance E.J. , Malfeld Susan C.K. , Dekker Johan 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe antiinflammatory activity of topically applied coal‐derived fulvic acids (called oxifulvic acid) at 4.5% and 9% was compared with that of diclofene sodium at 1% and betamethasone at 0.1% in a murine model of contact hypersensitivity. Mice were sensitised with dinitrofluorobenzene and challenged 6 days later by application to the dorsal surface of the right ear. The inflamed ears of the mice were then treated topically, and the thickness of the ears was measured daily. Oxifulvic acid at both concentrations compared favourably with both diclofene sodium and betamethasone in suppressing the cutaneous inflammatory response. Oxifulvic acid possesses antiinflammatory properties and may be of clinical benefit in the treatment of inflammatory skin conditions in humans. Drug Dev. Res. 53:29–32, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression and regulation of mouse Mtsh1 during limb and branchial arch development
Authors: Long Qiaoming , Park Byung Keon , Ekker Marc 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe mouse genome contains at least two genes, Mtsh1 and Mtsh2, related in sequence to the Drosophila homeotic gene teashirt (tsh). In this paper, we report the characterization of Mtsh1 expression in the developing branchial arches and forelimbs during mouse embryogenesis. Mtsh1 was found predominantly transcribed in the mesenchymal tissue of branchial arches and forelimbs. Surgical removal of the epithelium of both forelimb and branchial arch significantly decreased the expression of Mtsh1 in the mesenchymal cells of these tissues. Upon implantation of FGF8‐soaked beads into arches and limbs, Mtsh1 transcription was up‐regulated. In contrast, when BMP4‐soaked beads were implanted, Mtsh1 expression was inhibited. Together, these results suggest that mouse Mtsh1 gene may be involved in the outgrowth of limbs and arches and may be functioning downstream of BMP and FGF signaling pathways. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of slit‐2 and slit‐3 during chick development
Authors: Holmes Greg , Niswander Lee 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe Drosophila and vertebrate slit proteins have been characterized as secreted chemorepellents recognized by the robo receptor proteins that function principally for the guidance of neuronal axons and neurons. slit genes are also expressed in the limb. To provide a basis for the determination of slit functions in the limb we have isolated and characterized the expression of chick slit‐2 and slit‐3 in the developing limb and other tissues of the chick embryo. Both genes share similar expression profiles in the chick embryo when compared to that of their mammalian homologues, particularly in the neural tube. In the limb, their expression patterns suggest their involvement in many aspects of limb development. In the early limb bud, slit‐2 is expressed in the peripheral mesenchyme and invading muscle precursors, while slit‐3 expression is restricted to the future chondrogenic core of the limb bud. At later stages, both slit genes are expressed in interdigital mesenchyme, in inner periosteal cells, and in mesenchyme immediately radial to the periosteum and under the epidermis. slit‐3 is also expressed in proliferating chondrocytes during cartilage development, while slit‐2 is expressed in later muscle masses and peripherally to joints in the autopod. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of AMH, SF1, and SOX9 in gonads of genetic female chickens during sex reversal induced by an aromatase inhibitor
Authors: Vaillant Séverine , Magre Solange , Dorizzi Mireille , Pieau Claude , Richard‐Mercier Noëlle 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAromatase inhibitors administered prior to histological signs of gonadal sex differentiation can induce sex reversal of genetic female chickens. Under the effects of Fadrozole (CGS 16949A), a nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor, the right gonad generally becomes a testis, and the left gonad a testis or an ovotestis. We have compared the expression pattern of the genes encoding AMH (the anti‐Müllerian hormone), SF1 (steroidogenic factor 1), and SOX9 (a transcription factor related to SRY) in these sex‐reversed gonads with that in control testes and ovaries, using in situ hybridization with riboprobes on gonadal sections. In control males, the three genes are expressed in Sertoli cells of testicular cords; however, only SOX9 is male specific, since as observed previously AMH and SF1 but not SOX9 are expressed in the control female gonads. In addition to testicular‐like cords, sex‐reversed gonads present many lacunae with a composite, thick and flat epithelium. We show that during embryonic and postnatal development, AMH, SF1 and SOX9 are expressed in the epithelium of testicular‐like cords and in the thickened part but not in the flattened part of the epithelium of composite lacunae. AMH and SF1 but not SOX9 are expressed in follicular cells of ovotestes. Coexpression of the three genes, of which SOX9 is a specific Sertoli‐cell marker, provides strong evidence for the transdifferentiation of ovarian into testicular epithelium in gonads of female chickens treated with Fadrozole. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Subtyping binge eating‐disordered women along dieting and negative affect dimensions
Authors: Stice Eric , Agras W. Stewart , Telch Christy F. , Halmi Katherine A. , Mitchell James E. , Wilson Terrance 
Published: September 2002

AbstractObjectiveBecause etiologic and maintenance models of binge eating center around dieting and affect regulation, this study tested whether binge eating‐disordered (BED) individuals could be subtyped along dieting and negative affect dimensions and whether subtypes differed in eating pathology, social functioning, psychiatric comorbidity, and response to treatment.MethodThree independent samples of interviewer‐diagnosed BED women (N = 218) were subtyped along dieting and negative affect dimensions using cluster analysis and compared on the outcomes of interest.ResultsCluster analyses replicated across the three independent samples and revealed a dietary subtype (63%) and a dietary‐depressive subtype (37%). The latter subtype reported greater eating and weight obsessions, social maladjustment, higher lifetime rates of mood, anxiety, and personality disorders, and poorer response to treatment than did the dietary subtype.DiscussionResults suggest that moderate dieting is a central feature of BED and that affective disturbances occur in only a subset of cases. However, the confluence of dieting and negative affect signals a more severe variant of the disorder marked by elevated psychopathology, impaired social functioning, and a poorer treatment response. © 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 30: 11–27, 2001.
Test generation for sequential circuits using state transition diagram and test generation for combinatorial circuit part
Authors: Hasegawa Tetsu , Miura Kyoko , Ohmameuda Toshiaki , Ito Hideo 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis study deals with single stuck‐at faults in sequential circuits; in particular, a test generation method featuring low generation complexity and short test sequences. With the proposed method, short test sequences are generated using shortest local connections between activation vector set found for combinatorial circuit part at gate level, and state transitions found from state transition diagram at functional level. Generated test sequences are input sequences composed of subsequences referred to as single test sequences. Single test sequences are composed of state control sequences that control activation vectors and their states, and UIO (Unique Input/Output) sequences that confirm states after applying activation vectors. Test sequences are generated so as to locally minimize total length of state control sequences and UIO sequences in connected single test sequences, which results in shorter test sequences as compared to previous generation methods. Evaluation experiments using MCNC benchmarks proved that test sequences generated by the proposed method were shorter by up to 28.8% as compared to previous methods while fault coverage was above 98% on the average. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 84(8): 20–28, 2001
Optical measurement of electric field vector distribution in a liquid insulator using simultaneous three‐direction optical measurement system
Authors: Ihori Haruo , Tanino Kotaro , Kawasaki Takao , Fujii Masaharu , Arii Kiyomitsu 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWe have already reported on reconstructions of the symmetrical and nonsymmetrical electric field vector distribution using the Kerr electrooptic effect and our unique reconstruction method, a modified computed tomography technique. This reconstruction technique gives an electric field map, that is, the strength and the direction of the electric field vector, on any plane. For the reconstruction of one field vector distribution, it was necessary to measure the light intensity twice while changing the optical axis of optical wedges. Moreover, the intensity measurement must be carried out at many points around the electrode system. Therefore, considerable time was required to measure the electric field distribution. We therefore developed a simultaneous three‐direction optical measurement system with three optical systems combined with the two‐beam method. Using the new measurement system, we measured the electric field distribution on planes in a sphere‐to‐sphere electrode system. It took about 0.1 second to measure the light intensity data for the reconstruction. © 2002 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 139(1): 9–15, 2002; DOI 10.1002/eej.1141
Modeling of a power electronic converter for EMC in the conduction emission frequency band
Authors: Kato Toshiji , Lee Seishun , Takeya Kenichi 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWith the advancement of high‐frequency switching devices, electromagnetic interferences (EMI) have become problems in power electronic converter designs. It is necessary for an electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) design to prospect and consider its possible EMI levels. This paper describes how to compute effects from a power converter to an object point to reduce conduction EMI noises effectively by an appropriate design. Modeling techniques for converter elements are discussed for a model in the conduction emission frequency band by the parameter tuning method and for line constants by an analytical derivation. Then a derived model is simulated for harmonic distributions of loop currents and their magnetic fields. © 2002 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 139(1): 44–50, 2002: DOI 10.1002/eej.1145
Short‐current pulse‐based adaptive maximum‐power‐point tracking for a photovoltaic power generation system
Authors: Noguchi Toshihiko , Togashi Shigenori , Nakamoto Ryo 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis paper focuses on a maximum‐power‐point tracking method of photovoltaics via use of the short‐current pulse. It has been reported that the optimum operating current is proportional to the short current and that maximum‐power‐point tracking can be performed by detecting the short current. The proposed method utilizes the intermittent short‐current pulse to estimate the optimum operating current and its operating characteristics have experimentally been verified. Also, an adaptive mechanism to identify the parameter between the optimum current and the short current is discussed. A prototype of the controller has been set up and the experimental results have demonstrated excellent performance, proving the feasibility of the system. © 2002 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 139(1): 65–72, 2002; DOI 10.1002/eej.1147
Doing what the mob do: priming effects on conformity
Authors: Pendry Louise , Carrick Rachael 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis study considered whether participants' tendency to conform to a group norm could be influenced by priming them with categories associated with either conformity or anarchy. Participants were primed with one of two categories: ‘accountant prime’, ‘punk prime’ (plus a baseline ‘no prime’). They then participated in a variant of the Asch (1951) conformity paradigm. Results indicated that ‘punk’‐primed participants conformed significantly less than did ‘accountant’‐primed participants, with the mean for the ‘no‐prime’ condition lying in between the two. ‘Accountant’‐primed participants conformed to the group norm more than did the ‘no‐prime’ participants. In addition, the performance of ‘punk’‐primed participants was comparable to that of participants who performed the judgment task in isolation (‘solo’ condition). This indicates that conformity pressures did not affect estimates for ‘punk’‐primed participants. Implications of these findings are discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐linear response analyses of rectangular rigid bodies subjected to horizontal and vertical ground motion
Authors: Taniguchi Tomoyo 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis investigation deals with non‐linear seismic responses of free‐standing rectangular rigid bodies on horizontally and vertically accelerating rigid foundations. The responses are classified into two initial responses and four subsequent responses, accordingly the equations of motion governing the liftoff, slip and liftoff–slip interaction motions and boundary conditions corresponding to commencement and termination of the motions are defined.The time histories of responses presented herein show that the body is sensitive to small changes in the friction coefficient and slenderness, and to the wave properties and intensity of ground motions. Systematic trends are observed: the bodies on the low‐grip foundation avoid overturning while they are allowed to slip regardless of details of ground motions; the long period earthquakes tend to make the body overturn and slip largely. In contrast, the timing when liftoff and slip commences and terminates and their directions do not directly correspond with intensity of ground motions. Moreover, the vertical ground motion adds irregularities on the responses, since it excites or damps the responses.It is concluded that governing equations of motion and boundary conditions in view of discontinuous non‐linear systems are necessary to analyse actual motions of the rectangular rigid bodies subjected to horizontal and vertical ground motion. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction of the maximum credible ground motion in Singapore due to a great Sumatran subduction earthquake: the worst‐case scenario
Authors: Megawati Kusnowidjaja , Pan Tso‐Chien 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAlthough Singapore is located in a low‐seismicity region, huge but infrequent Sumatran subduction earthquakes might pose structural problems to medium‐ and high‐rise buildings in the city. Based on a series of ground motion simulations of potential earthquakes that may affect Singapore, the 1833 Sumatran subduction earthquake (Mw=9.0) has been identified to be the worst‐case scenario earthquake. Bedrock motions in Singapore due to the hypothesized earthquake are simulated using an extended reflectivity method, taking into account uncertainties in source rupture process. Random rupture models, considering the uncertainties in rupture directivity, slip distribution, presence of asperities, rupture velocity and dislocation rise time, are made based on a range of seismologically possible models. The simulated bedrock motions have a very long duration of about 250 s with a predominant period between 1.8 and 2.5 s, which coincides with the natural periods of medium‐ and high‐rise buildings widely found in Singapore. The 90‐percentile horizontal peak ground acceleration is estimated to be 33 gal and the 90‐percentile horizontal spectral acceleration with 5% damping ratio is 100 gal within the predominant period range. The 90‐percentile bedrock motion would generate base shear force higher than that required by the current design code, where seismic design has yet to be considered. This has not taken into account effects of local soil response that might further amplify the bedrock motion. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A recursive decomposition algorithm for network seismic reliability evaluation
Authors: Li Jie , He Jun 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA new probabilistic analytical approach to evaluate seismic system reliability of large lifeline systems is presented in this paper. The algorithm takes the shortest path from the source to the terminal of a node weight or edge weight network as decomposition policy, using the Boolean laws of set operation and probabilistic operation principal, a recursive decomposition process then could be constructed. For a general weight network, the modified Torrieri method (NTR/T method) is introduced to combine with the suggested algorithm. Therefore, the recursive decomposition algorithm may be applied to evaluate the seismic reliability of general lifeline systems. A series of case studies, including a practical district electric power network system and a large urban water supply system, show that the suggested algorithm supplies a useful probabilistic analysis means for the seismic reliability evaluation of large lifeline systems. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulation of structural response under high‐frequency ground excitation
Authors: Lu Yong , Hao Hong , Ma Guowei , Zhou Yingxin 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe structural response to high‐frequency ground motions is complicated due to the involvement of local‐mode vibration. At present such a characteristic is not well recognized and this can cause confusion over the analytical and experimental modelling of the corresponding response and damage. The fact that most existing regulatory guides for limits on allowable construction vibrations are necessarily simplified for administrative reasons calls upon the derivation of more sophisticated approaches for special cases. This requires accumulation of pertinent experimental evidence. This paper attempts to provide some insights into the local‐mode dynamic response characteristics, with emphasis on appropriate modelling techniques and experimental measurements. A preliminary testing program is reported, in which efforts were made to reproduce high‐frequency response with a reduced scale reinforced concrete model with shaking table facilities. The results demonstrate the dependence of the response amplitudes with the excitation frequency. On a ppv‐basis, the current test results indicate that a substantial increase of the allowable ppv value from those specified by various standards may be considered for structural damage to reinforced concrete building structures. More analytical and experimental data are needed for further evaluation of the local‐mode effects and to quantify their impact on the structural damage process. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The family and anorexia nervosa: examining parent–child boundary problems†
Authors: Rowa Karen , Kerig Patricia K. , Geller Josie 
Published: September 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo examine parent–child boundary dissolution in anorexia nervosa using a measure that treats boundary phenomena as multidimensional and distinct from highly cohesive relationships.Method30 women with anorexia were recruited from an eating disorders programme and compared with 65 control women on reports of intergenerational boundary problems using the Parent‐Child Boundaries Scale. This measure conceptualizes boundaries as multidimensional and can address both mother–daughter and father–daughter relations. Family cohesion was also measured using the FACES III. A subset of parents completed these measures.ResultsWomen with anorexia reported more boundary problems with mothers and fathers than did control women, both in terms of global and some specific violations. However, parents of anorexic women did not endorse more boundary problems with their daughters.DiscussionDaughters' views suggest that boundary violations are problematic in anorexia. Results suggest that boundary problems can be treated as multidimensional and should be viewed as distinct from high levels of familial cohesion. These results also suggest that it is important to ascertain individual family members' viewpoints on family dynamics. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Dieting and health in young Australian women*
Authors: Kenardy Justin , Brown Wendy J , Vogt Emma 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis paper examines the prevalence of dieting behaviours and correlates with physical and mental health in young Australian women who are participants in the Australian Longitudinal Study of Women's Health. A total of 14 686 women aged 18–23 years, randomly selected from the National Medicare database, with over‐sampling from rural and remote areas, responded to a questionnaire seeking dieting and health information. The results showed that 66.5 percent of the women had a BMI within the healthy weight range (18– < 25 kg/m2). However only 21.6 percent of these women were happy with their weight and almost half (46 percent) had dieted to lose weight in the last year (also one in five who had a BMI < 18.5 kg/m2). High frequency of dieting (rather than dieting per se) and earlier dieting onset were associated with poorer physical and mental health (including depression), more disordered eating (bingeing and purging), extreme weight and shape dissatisfaction and more frequent general health problems. The results suggest that there is a need for programmes that will enhance self esteem and weight/shape acceptance and promote more appropriate strategies for maintenance of healthy weight. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Compliance with a self‐care manual in guided self‐change for bulimia nervosa
Authors: Thiels Cornelia , Schmidt Ulrike , Troop Nicholas , Treasure Janet , Garthe Rolf 
Published: September 2002

AbstractObjective:To investigate the effect of compliance and its predictors on outcome.Method:Sixty‐two patients with DSM‐III‐R bulimia nervosa (BN) were randomly assigned to a self‐care manual plus eight fortnightly sessions of guided self‐change or 16 sessions of weekly cognitive behavioral therapy.Results:At the end of treatment, the group of high compliers had not achieved higher abstinence rates than low compliers regarding BN symptoms. At follow‐up on average 43 weeks (SD = 26 weeks) after the end of therapy, those who had completed more exercises were more likely than low compliers to be abstinent from bingeing and vomiting. Those with a high frequency of vomiting at the beginning of therapy were less likely to use the manual while those with a longer duration of illness and higher levels of restraint were more likely to use the manual.Discussion:Exercises seem to be particularly important. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.