bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electron spin resonance spectroscopy reveals alpha‐phenyl‐N‐tert‐butylnitrone spin‐traps free radicals in rat striatum and prevents haloperidol‐induced vacuous chewing movements in the rat model of human tardive dyskinesia
Authors: Rogoza Raina M. , Fairfax David F. , Henry Paul , N‐Marandi Sevil , Khan Rao F. , Gupta Suresh K. , Mishra Ram K. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe typical antipsychotic drug haloperidol causes vacuous chewing movements (VCM) in rats, which are representative of early‐Parkinsonian symptoms or later‐onset extrapyramidal side effects of tardive dyskinesia (TD) in humans. Haloperidol (HP) has been hypothesized to potentiate increases in oxidative stress or free radical‐mediated levels of toxic metabolites in rat striatum while simultaneous upregulating dopamine (DA)‐D2 receptors leading to presumed DA supersensitivity. Alpha(α)‐Phenyl‐N‐tert‐butylnitrone (PBN) is an antioxidant used to combat oxidative stress and measure increases in PBN spin‐adduct activity. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether VCMs are related to upregulation of DA‐D2 receptors or to increased levels of free radicals produced during oxidative stress, and whether PBN had any protective effects. Rats received daily chronic (28 day) i.p. injections of saline, haloperidol (2 mg/kg), PBN (150 mg/kg), or haloperidol + PBN. The VCM model was used to measure extrapyramidal side effects of drug treatments. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy was performed to compare concentrations of free radical species in rats receiving injections of HP + PBN. To examine the upregulation of DA‐D2 receptors, binding assays were carried out to assess the increase in DA‐D2 receptor numbers with respect to VCMs following treatment of rats injected with HP, PBN, and HP + PBN. Results of these experiments show that HP‐induced VCMs in rats results from increases in oxidative cellular events and may not be related to increases in striatal DA‐D2 receptors. Synapse 54:156–163, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cell shape and growth of budding yeast cells in restrictive microenvironments
Authors: Suzuki Masaya , Asada Yosuke , Watanabe Daisuke , Ohya Yoshikazu 
Published: September 2004

AbstractEffects of limited growth space on the cell morphology and cell growth are investigated by creating rigid outside environments. The cube‐shaped holes big enough for a single cell of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae were prepared with a focused ion‐beam (FIB), commonly used for processing semiconductors. We demonstrated that the outline of the cells changes their ellipsoidal morphology into a cubic form when the daughter cells are grown in the holes, indicating that yeast cells change their shape in response to external limited space. The yeast cells grown in the microenvironments exhibit neither bud formation nor nuclear division. Although restricted growth caused by the physical barriers leads to the block of cell cycle progression in the wild‐type cells, swe1Δ cells defective in the morphogenesis checkpoint become binucleate after being grown in the microenvironments. These results suggest that yeast cells under spatial restriction arrest cell cycle progression in a Swelp‐dependent manner. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of OGG1 and NTG2 in the repair of oxidative DNA damage and mutagenesis induced by hydrogen peroxide in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: relationships with transition metals iron and copper
Authors: Melo R. G. M. , Leitão A. C. , Pádula M. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe base excision repair pathway of Saccharomyces cerevisiae possesses three DNA N‐glycosylases, viz. Ogg1p, Ngt1p and Ntg2p, involved in the repair of oxidative DNA damage. It was previously reported that inactivation of any of these activities, in most cases, did not generate a sensitive mutant phenotype to a variety of oxidative agents. Only the ntg1 mutant appeared to be more sensitive to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) than a wild‐type (WT) strain. In the present study we evaluated the role of S. cerevisiae OGG1 and NTG2 genes in the repair of oxidative lesions induced by high H2O2 concentrations (5–100 mM for 20 min), followed by catalase treatment (500 IU/ml). In these conditions, the ogg1 mutant was more sensitive than the WT strain to H2O2 (concentration 40–60 mM). Unexpectedly, the inactivation of NTG2 in an ogg1 background was able to suppress both sensitivity and mutagenesis induced by H2O2. Indeed, even the ntg2 single mutant was more resistant than the WT (60–100 mM H2O2). The use of metal ion chelators dipyridyl and neocuproine allowed us to evaluate the participation of iron and copper ions in the production of lethal and mutagenic lesions during H2O2 treatment in different DNA repair‐deficient S. cerevisiae strains. The roles of OGG1 and NTG2 genes in the repair of lethal and mutagenic oxidative lesions induced by H2O2 and their relationships with iron and copper ions are discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chr4, a Schizosaccharomyces pombe homologue of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Chs4p/Skt5p protein, is related to septum formation and is required for the proper localization of Chs2
Authors: Matsuo Yasuhiro , Matsuura Yoshinori , Tanaka Katsunori , Matsuda Hideyuki , Kawamukai Makoto 
Published: September 2004

AbstractIn Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Chs4p directly interacts with chitin synthase III (Chs3p) to act as a post‐translational regulator of the Chs3p complex. We identified four Chs4p homologous proteins in Schizosaccharomyces pombe which we named Chr1, Chr2, Chr3 and Chr4 (putative chitin synthase regulatory factor). We assessed the functions of these proteins and found that while overproduction of Chr1, Chr2 or Chr3 did not affect the cellular morphology of wild‐type Sz. pombe cells, overproduction of Chr4 caused the cells to form multi‐septa and delayed their growth. All multiple disruptants of chr1, chr2, chr3 and chr4 grew normally under a variety of growth conditions. However, while chitin synthase II (Chs2) normally localizes exclusively at the septum, in many chr4‐disrupted cells it was found in the cytoplasm and the septa. Chs2 did localize at the abnormal septa caused by the overproduction of chr4+. Chr4‐13Myc expression was unaffected by the different media or growth conditions in both wild‐type and the chs2 disruptant. Chs2 expression was also unaltered by the absence of Chr4. Moreover, Chr4‐13Myc localized mostly at the tips and the septum during vegetative growth in chs2, chr1, chr2 and chr3 disruptants as well as in wild‐type. Thus, chr4+ is involved in septum formation and is required for the proper localization of Chs2 at the septum in Sz. pombe. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression of the expanded YFL007w ORF and assignment of the gene name BLM10
Authors: Doherty Kevin , Pramanik Ajay , Pride Leah , Lukose James , Wood Moore Carol 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThis report assigns a gene name to an extended ORF in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and provides the first evidence from Northern analyses that the ORF is expressed and the transcript is the predicted size. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tandem affinity purification of the Candida albicans septin protein complex
Authors: Kaneko Aki , Umeyama Takashi , Hanaoka Nozomu , Monk Brian C. , Uehara Yoshimasa , Niimi Masakazu 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA novel vector was constructed to enable the integrative marking of individual genes and the affinity purification of interacting molecules within protein complexes from Candida albicans using a tandem 6×histidine and FLAG epitope tag. The system was verified by purifying the C. albicans septin complex (a self‐associating complex of cytoskeletal proteins) from both yeast and hyphal cells. One‐step affinity purification was insufficient for purification of the protein complex, whereas tandem affinity purification (TAP) gave an extensively purified protein complex with a very low background. Electrophoretic and mass spectrometry analysis showed that the affinity‐purified C. albicans septin complex, which comprises predominantly CaCdc3p, CaCdc10p, CaCdc11p, CaCdc12p and CaSep7p, was not affected by cell morphology. The purified septin complex appeared to have a stoichiometry of 2 CaCdc3p, 1–2 CaCdc10p, 1 CaCdc11p, 2 CaCdc12p and ≤1 CaSep7p. The successful application of TAP to the purification and analysis of the C. albicans septin complex indicates that this technology will have much wider application to proteomic studies of this pathogenic fungus. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The clinical implications of aldosterone escape in congestive heart failure
Authors: Struthers Allan D. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractAngiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor therapy does not reliably suppress aldosterone production, and ‘aldosterone escape’ occurs in up to 40% of patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). Aldosterone levels correlate with the risk of cardiovascular events. Aldosterone adversely affects the risk of cardiovascular events via mineralocorticoid receptors in the heart, blood vessels and other sites. Notably, aldosterone contributes to endothelial dysfunction and attenuates endothelium‐dependent vasodilatation, at least partly by reducing nitric oxide bioavailability. Aldosterone also promotes myocardial fibrosis and cardiac remodelling by enhancing collagen synthesis, resulting in increased myocardial stiffness and increased left ventricular mass. These mechanisms mediated by aldosterone contribute to increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Two major prospective trials, including one in which patients routinely received ACE inhibitor and beta blocker therapy, have shown that the use of an aldosterone blocker significantly reduces all‐cause mortality, sudden cardiovascular death and hospitalisation in patients with acute or chronic left ventricular dysfunction or CHF. Inhibition of aldosterone's effect on mineralocorticoid receptors should now be considered standard therapy in these patient populations.
Perceptual Functions in Prosopagnosia
Authors: Barton Jason J S , Cherkasova Mariya V , Press Daniel Z , Intriligator James M , O'Connor Margaret 
Published: September 2004

Some patients with prosopagnosia may have an apperceptive basis to their recognition defect. Perceptual abnormalities have been reported in single cases or small series, but the causal link of such deficits to prosopagnosia is unclear. Our goal was to identify candidate perceptual processes that might contribute to prosopagnosia, by subjecting several prosopagnosic patients to a battery of functions that may be necessary for accurate facial perception. We tested seven prosopagnosic patients. Three had unilateral right occipitotemporal lesions, two had bilateral posterior occipitotemporal lesions, and one had right anterior-to-occipital temporal damage along with a small left temporal lesion. These lesions all included the fusiform face area, in contrast to one patient with bilateral anterior temporal lesions. Most patients had impaired performance on face-matching tests and difficulty with subcategory judgments for non-face objects. The most consistent deficits in patients with lesions involving the fusiform face area were impaired perception of spatial relations in dot patterns and reduced contrast sensitivity in the 4 to 8 cycles deg−1 range. Patients with bilateral lesions were impaired in saturation discrimination. Luminance discrimination was normal in all but two patients, and spatial resolution was uniformly spared. Curvature and line-orientation discrimination were impaired in only one patient, who also had the most difficulty with more basic-level object recognition. We conclude that deficits in luminance, spatial resolution, curvature, line orientation, and contrast at low spatial frequencies are unlikely to contribute to apperceptive prosopagnosia. More relevant may be contrast sensitivity at higher spatial frequencies and the analysis of object spatial structure. Deficits in these functions may impair perception of subtle variations in object shape, and may be one mechanism by which the recognition defect in prosopagnosia can extend to other classes of object subcategorization.
Selection of food items for inclusion in a newly developed food-frequency questionnaire
Authors: Shai Iris , Shahar Danit R , Vardi Hillel , Fraser Drora 
Published: September 2004

AbstractObjectives:To highlight the differences between the food list required in a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to rank people by their intake and the food items that contribute to absolute intake, and to discuss possible applications.Methods:We conducted a nutritional survey among 1173 adults using an adapted 24-hour recall questionnaire.Statistical analysis:To develop an FFQ, we analysed the 24-hour recall survey data by performing a stepwise multiple regression after grouping conceptually similar food items into 175 food groups.Results:In total, 126 food groups were included in the developed FFQ in order to explain at least 80% of the variance in the consumption of each of 27 nutrients. The nutrients that were explained by a few food groups were vitamin A (one food group), alcohol (two), β-carotene (two), vitamin E (three) and cholesterol (five). Nutrients that were explained by a large number of food groups were energy (37 food groups), potassium (31), magnesium (31), dietary fibre (30), phosphorus (31) and sodium (29). Using energy intake as an example, soft drinks were the best between-person energy classifiers, while providing only 2.4% of the total energy intake. Wine, seeds and nuts, which contributed highly to the variance, were minor energy contributors. In contrast, milk, sugar, fried chicken/turkey breast or whole chicken/turkey, which explained little of the variation in the population, were major energy contributors.Conclusions:Developing an FFQ on the basis of common foods may not explain the between-person variation required for ranking individual intake in diet–disease studies. Producing lists of ‘discriminating items’ can be a useful application in developing mini-FFQs for selected nutrients.
Issues in assessing the validity of nutrient data obtained from a food-frequency questionnaire: folate and vitamin B12examples
Authors: Flood Victoria M , Smith Wayne T , Webb Karen L , Mitchell Paul 
Published: September 2004

AbstractObjective:To compare methods used to assess the validity of nutrient intake data obtained from a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ), using folate and vitamin B12as nutrient examples.Design:Cross-sectional sample from a population cohort.Setting:Two postcode areas west of Sydney, Australia.Subjects:In total, 2895 people aged 49 years and older provided dietary data using a semi-quantitative FFQ (79% of 3654 subjects examined). The validity of the FFQ was assessed against three 4-day weighed food records (WFRs) completed by 78 people (mean age 70 years).Results:Folate and vitamin B12validity data were assessed using different methods. The Spearman ranked correlations (energy-adjusted) were 0.66 for folate and 0.38 for vitamin B12. Using the Bland–Altman method, following logetransformation, no linear trend existed between the differences and means for folate and vitamin B12. Large differences existed between the FFQ and WFR in individual cases, particularly for vitamin B12. Finally, data were divided into quintile categories for the test and reference method: 79% classified folate within one quintile, 65% classified vitamin B12within one quintile; there was no gross misclassification for folate and only 3% misclassification for vitamin B12.Conclusions:Different methods of analysis provided different information about the validity of the FFQ. Correlation coefficients should not be used alone to assess the validity of nutrient data, but should be used in conjunction with Bland–Altman analyses. Depending on the use of the data, additional assessment of classification categories is recommended. This worked example demonstrates that absolute intakes of folate and vitamin B12should be used with caution.
Vitamin D status in a rural population of northern Norway with high fish liver consumption
Authors: Brustad M , Sandanger T , Aksnes L , Lund E 
Published: September 2004

AbstractObjective:To assess vitamin D status and the impact of three fish meals consisting of cod liver and fresh cod-liver oil on the plasma level of vitamin D metabolites in an area with high consumption of cod liver and cod-liver oil.Design:Experimental field study.Methods:Thirty-two volunteers from the Skjervøy (70°N) municipality in northern Norway were recruited to consume three traditional mølje meals, consisting of cod, cod liver, fresh cod-liver oil and hard roe, in one week. The liver and fresh cod-liver oil consumed by the participants were weighed and recorded. Blood samples were collected before the first meal, and subsequently 12h and 4 days after the last meal. The blood samples were analysed for the vitamin D metabolites 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D). All participants answered a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire, which was used to estimate usual daily nutrient intake. The study was carried out in the last part of March 2001.Results:The median daily vitamin D intake estimated from the questionnaire was 9.9μg. The proportion of subjects with baseline 25(OH)D level below 50nmoll−1 was 15.4% and none were below 37.5nmoll−1. Only ‘mølje consumption’ and ‘time spent in daylight’ were significantly associated with baseline log 25(OH)D. The mean total intake of vitamin D in the three servings was 272μg (standard deviation 94μg), ranging from 142 to 434μg. Relative to baseline plasma concentration, the mean level of 25(OH)D decreased slightly in both post-consumption samples (P≤0.03), while 1,25(OH)2D peaked 12h after the final meal (P = 0.03).Conclusion:Three mølje meals provided, on average, an amount of vitamin D equal to 54 times the recommended daily dose. Subjects with food consumption habits that included frequent mølje meals during the winter sustained satisfactory vitamin D levels in their blood, in spite of the long ‘vitamin D winter’ (i.e. absence of ultraviolet-induced vitamin D production in the skin).
Assessment of obesity and fear of fatness among inner-city Dublin schoolchildren in a one-year follow-up study
Authors: Griffin Anne C , Younger Katherine M , Flynn Mary AT 
Published: September 2004

AbstractBackground:Positive secular trends in adolescent obesity and an increased prevalence of fear of fatness, particularly among girls, have been documented world-wide. There is a lack of consensus about assessment criteria for childhood obesity and no standard exists for assessing Irish children. In 1990, the Irish National Nutrition Survey used body mass index (BMI) ≥26kgm−2 to describe the prevalence of overweight among Irish adolescents.Objectives:(1) To examine the range in classification of Dublin schoolchildren as overweight according to four standard assessment methods; (2) to assess changes in weight status, prevalence of fear of fatness and accompanying slimming practices in a one-year follow-up; and (3) to compare the prevalence of overweight with that documented in 1990 among adolescents of similar age.Design:A one-year follow-up study of 199 healthy schoolchildren (90 boys and 109 girls; mean age of 11 years at baseline) attending seven fee-paying (six single- and one mixed-sex) and eight non-fee-paying (four single- and four mixed-sex) primary schools in Dublin city centre.Measurements:Weight, height, waist circumference and triceps skinfold were measured and used in five definitions of overweight, including published cut-off points of BMI-for-age (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention BMI-for-age charts for boys and girls; BMI reference curves for the UK 1990; International Obesity Task Force age- and sex-specific BMI cut-offs), actual relative weight and BMI≥26kgm−2. Assessment of body image perceptions and satisfaction (using figure line drawings) was reported in a questionnaire specifically designed for this study.Results:The prevalence of overweight within the total group differed between the four standard definitions of weight status, by 9% at baseline and 8% at follow-up. Accordingly, increasing trends over the year ranged from zero to 3%. Using the criterion BMI≥26kgm−2, 6% of Dublin schoolchildren were overweight, compared with 1.9% of schoolchildren in 1990. Significantly more girls than boys were affected by fear of fatness and were trying to lose weight.Conclusion:A standard method for assessment of weight status is urgently needed for the evaluation of obesity prevention initiatives among Irish schoolchildren. Such initiatives need to be sensitive to the pervasiveness of fear of fatness among adolescent girls.
Breast-feeding initiation and exclusive breast-feeding in rural Vietnam
Authors: Duong Dat V , Binns Colin W , Lee Andy H 
Published: September 2004

AbstractObjective:To investigate the initiation of breast-feeding and exclusive breast-feeding within the first week after delivery for women in rural Vietnam.Design:An interviewer-administered survey was conducted on a sample of rural women who gave birth during August-October 2002.Setting:Quang Xuong District, Thanh Hoa Province of Vietnam.Subjects:Four hundred and sixty-three women participated in the study, of whom 181 delivered at the district hospital (39.1%), 229 at a commune health centre (49.5%) and 53 at home attended by a traditional birth attendant (11.4%).Results:Although the initiation and exclusive breast-feeding rates were relatively high at 98.3% and 83.6% respectively, the premature introduction of complementary food was a great concern. Logistic regression analysis showed that, together with socio-cultural determinants such as feeding preferences of the husband and maternal grandmother, feeding practices of friends, factors relating to delivery methods, delivery locations and health problems could influence the initiation rate and breast-feeding patterns.Conclusions:To promote breast-feeding practices of rural mothers, health education on breast-feeding should take into account local socio-cultural features in addition to improving the counselling skills of health workers.
The impact of inter-generational social and regional circumstances on dietary intake patterns of British adults: results from the 1946 British Birth Cohort
Authors: Mishra GD , Prynne CJ , Paul AA , Greenberg DC , Bolton-Smith C 
Published: September 2004

AbstractObjectives:(1) To determine the extent to which an individual's childhood social circumstances and region of residence influence their dietary pattern at age 43 years and (2) to establish the extent to which an individual adopts the dietary pattern of their social and regional circumstances at age 43 years.Design:Longitudinal study of a social class stratified, random sample of all legitimate, singleton births in the week of 3–9 March 1946.Settings:England, Scotland and Wales.Subjects:The 3187 survey members who provided sociodemographic information at age 4 years in 1950 and sociodemographic and dietary data (48-hour dietary recall) at 43 years in 1989.Results:People who remained in the non-manual social class consumed significantly higher amounts of food items correlated with the factor health aware (items include high-fibre breakfast cereals, wholemeal breads, apples and bananas) than those who remained in the manual social class. Those who made the transition from manual social class in childhood to non-manual social class at age 43 years partly adopted the distinctive dietary patterns of the non-manual social classes. Consumption of items in the factors refined (items include whole-fat milk, white bread, sugar and butter) and sandwich (items include tomatoes, lettuce, onions, bacon and ham) did not differ by social class or regional mobility.Conclusions:This work suggests that although adult dietary patterns are developed as a result of childhood influences, these patterns can be modified as a result of social and regional transitions. Such changes in dietary patterns may influence susceptibility to disease.