bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
7‐Nitroindazole reduces ischemia‐induced increment of apoptosis and cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus of rats
Authors: Jang Mi‐Hyeon , Shin Min‐Chul , Chang Hyun‐Kyung , Lee Taeck‐Hyun , Lee Hee‐Hyuk , Shin Mal‐Soon , Kim Chang‐Ju , Kang Jin‐Oh , Hong Seon‐Pyo , Cho Sonhae 
Published: November 2004

AbstractNitric oxide is synthesized from L‐arginine by nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and it is a free radical with signaling functions. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) is mainly expressed in the central nervous system, and it has been implicated in the pathogenesis of brain injury such as ischemia. In the present study, the effects of 7‐nitroindazole, which specifically inhibits nNOS, on apoptosis and cell proliferation int he dentate gyrus after transient global ischemia in gerbils were investigated. Enhanced apoptotic neuronal cell death and cell proliferation were observed in the dentate gyrus of ischemic gerbils. However, 7‐nitroindazole suppressed the ischemia‐induced apoptosis and cell proliferation. These results suggest that 7‐nitroindazole has an inhibitive effect on apoptosis and cell proliferation following transient global ischemia. The present study shows that nitric oxide, the synthesis of which is augmented by ischemia, plays an important role in the regulation of apoptosis and cell proliferation following ischemic injury.
On time integration error estimation and adaptive time stepping in structural dynamics
Authors: Schweizerhof Karl , Neumann Jens , Kizio Stephan 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIn this paper we present two error estimators resp. indicators for the time integration in structural dynamics. Based on the equivalence between the standard Newmark scheme and a Galerkin formulation in time [1] for linear problems a global time integration error estimator based on duality [3] can also be derived for the Newmark scheme. This error estimator is compared to an error indicator based on a finite difference approach in time [2]. Finally an adaptive time stepping scheme using the global estimator and the local indicator is presented. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Mechanical Problems in Human Hearing
Authors: Eiber Albrecht , Breuninger Christian 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor the description of the normal hearing process mechanical models are appropriate and distinct pathological situations can be simulated by changing specific parameters. Nonlinear behavior is found due to nonlinear constitutive equations of the ear drum, the ligaments and the coupling between implant and ossicles as well as due to active processes in the inner ear. Based on multibody system approach models of natural middle ears and reconstructed ears with active implants have been established including some rough assumptions of the nonlinear behavior. To study the dynamic behavior frequency domain methods and time integration has been used. A high risk of damaging the hearing organ of the inner ear is given for loud sound events especially in transient cases. Some measurements in the clinical practice are based on nonlinear effects to detect pathological situations. With simulated multifrequency tympanometry the effect of incudo–stapedial separation on umbo motion is shown. For actively driven implants the effect of different working conditions of the middle ear structure on sound transfer due to prestress in the coupling region has been simulated. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Pattern Recognition in Auditory Research
Authors: Fleischer Gerald , Müller Reinhard 
Published: November 2004

AbstractOur group works on the relation between sound‐exposure and auditory performance. During the last decade we thoroughly tested the sense of hearing of about ten thousand persons, and we tried to determine their exposure to sound by a detailed questionnaire. Persons were grouped according to their occupation or their acoustic environment, such as orchestra musicians, office personnel, airline pilots, Tibetian nomads, university students, etc. One of the problems is aging of the ear, the mechanisms of which are not really understood, and its progression varies widely from person to person. Another important aspect is presented by noise‐induced auditory damage, in itself a set of complicated relations that involves continuous noise, as well as rare events of high sound pressure (impulses). Using special procedures to analyse the data, we worked out group curves that are specific for the particular group. Comparing these results among the various groups gives good insight into their sense of hearing, and it also reveals strong training effects by the acoustic environment on the auditory performance, something that is totally new to current concepts. Some patterns can be “seen” and understood quite well, but so far not on a mathematical basis. Other patterns are hard to grasp. However, we assume that the application of pattern recognition can greatly improve the understanding of these fascinating relations. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Geometrically nonlinear composite shells with integrated piezoelectric layers
Authors: Lentzen Sven , Schmidt Rüdiger 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIn order to show the significance of considering nonlinear deformations in piezoelectrical structures, a geometrical nonlinear shell element with integrated piezoelectric layers is introduced. The strain‐displacement relations are implemented using firstorder shear deformation theory with small strains but moderate rotations. The element has been tested on several benchmark problems and it can be concluded that the effect of geometrical nonlinearity is significant when the sensor properties of the piezoelectrical layers are predicted. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Superior mediastinal syndrome with Rowland–Payne syndrome: An unusual presentation of cervico‐mediastinal neuroblastoma
Authors: Kapoor Vishal , Lodha Rakesh , Agarwala Sandeep 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA 5‐month‐old boy presented with superior mediastinal syndrome due to a large, unresectable cervico‐mediastinal neuroblastoma. He had an unusual constellation of findings not previously reported in neuroblastoma: Horner syndrome, phrenic nerve palsy, and palsy of the ipsilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve. This constellation of findings in adult malignancies is termed the Rowland–Payne syndrome. The child required prolonged mechanical ventilation but responded to chemotherapy and is now free of tumor and completely recovered. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular analyses of prenatally diagnosed mosaic tetrasomy for distal chromosome 15q and review of the literature
Authors: Chen Chih‐Ping , Lin Chyi‐Chyang , Li Yueh‐Chun , Chern Schu‐Rern , Lee Chen‐Chi , Chen Wen‐Lin , Lee Men‐Shan , Wang Wayseen , Tzen Chin‐Yuan 
Published: November 2004

AbstractObjectivesTo present prenatally detected mosaic tetrasomy for distal chromosome 15q and a review of the literature.Clinical subject and methodsAmniocentesis was performed at 17 weeks' gestation because of advanced maternal age. Cytogenetic analysis revealed mosaicism for an analphoid supernumerary marker chromosome (SMC). The parental karyotypes were normal. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and polymorphic DNA marker analysis were applied to study the origin of the SMC. Level II ultrasound revealed gastric dilation. The pregnancy was terminated, and a malformed fetus was delivered with characteristic dysmorphism. Multiple samplings of fetal and extraembryonic tissues were performed to investigate the mosaicism.ResultsInitial amniocentesis revealed mos 47,XY,+ mar[20]/46,XY[1], and repeat amniocentesis revealed 47,XY,+ mar[28]/46,XY[8]. FISH and polymorphic DNA marker analysis determined an origin from the distal 15q and an inverted duplication of 15q25.3→qter for the SMC. Karyotype of the fetus was designated as 47,XY,+ ace i(15) (qter→q25.3::q25.3→qter)/46,XY de novo. The levels of tetrasomy for distal 15q were 28/40 in cord blood, 13/40 in liver, 14/40 in lungs, 27/40 in skin, 0/40 in placenta, and 40/40 in umbilical cord. The placenta showed an equal biparental inheritance (1:1). The umbilical cord inherited one copy of a paternal allele and three copies of a maternal allele (1:3) at distal 15q. Diallelic patterns with dosage ratios (paternal allele: maternal allele) of 1:2.5 in amniocytes, 1:2.3 in amnion, 1:2.2 in cord blood, 1:2.1 in skin, 1:1.4 in liver, and 1:1.4 in lungs. A maternal origin of the mosaic SMC(15) was determined.ConclusionsA diagnosis of mosaic analphoid SMCs in amniocytes should alert mosaic mirror‐image duplication of euchromatin from some distal chromosomal segment such as distal 15q or distal 13q, and a risk for fetal abnormalities. Fetuses with mosaic tetrasomy for distal 15q may be associated with fetoplacental chromosomal discrepancy. Postnatal samplings of umbilical cord, placenta and amniotic membrane may provide additional clues to the cytogenetic discrepancy between fetal and extraembryonic tissues in prenatally detected mosaic analphoid SMCs. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two‐dimensional modeling of front contact silicon solar cells
Authors: Luque A. , Tobías I. , Gidon P. , Pirot M. , del Cañizo C. , Antón I. , Jausseaud C. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe modeling of a new type of silicon solar cell intended for operation at very high concentration, with all the contacts at its front face, is presented. The two‐dimensional model developed makes use of the theory of the complex variable, and is able to explain the main features of the operation of these cells. It is shown that if all the parameters reach good state‐of‐the‐art values, and with the appropriate layout, this structure can reach 25% efficiency for a range of concentrations wider than any other known silicon cell. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards understanding consumption in multi‐user solar energy systems: the cases of villages in Argentina and Cuba
Authors: Jenny Annette , Mosler Hans‐Joachim , López José Raúl Díaz 
Published: November 2004

AbstractResearch on the electrification of remote villages by means of decentralized renewable energy systems increasingly requires consideration of the characteristics of the user communities. Particularly for communities with multi‐user systems (MUS), in order to achieve optimal design and sizing of the system and efficient energy distribution among users, it is important to consider the social characteristics of the community in addition to technical and economic aspects. The solar energy supply is always limited, and distribution of the energy among the users is mainly a matter of coordinating who can use how much at what time, which is influenced by various factors. What we need first of all is knowledge of the actual power needs of each household over a period of time. With the aim of determining typical patterns of energy consumption in households with similar characteristics, the present preliminary research study uncovers the factors that determine energy consumption in five solar power villages in Cuba and Argentina. Correlation and regression analysis of data from surveys and energy consumption measurements showed that type and number of electrical appliances are the most important, but not sufficient, factors for explaining differences in household energy consumption. Demographic factors, occupations, daily routine and other social factors also have an impact on the development of a household's energy consumption. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Energie aus der Tiefe: Geothermische Stromerzeugung
Authors: Huenges Ernst 
Published: November 2004

AbstractDie Erde birgt überall genug Wärme für die geothermische Erzeugung elektrischen Stroms, die allerdings Wassertemperaturen von über 150 °C braucht. So warme Gesteinsschichten liegen in Mitteleuropa in mindestens 4 km Tiefe. Ein Kraftwerk muss also beim Betrieb über tiefe Bohrungen Wasser durch das Tiefengestein zirkulieren und dort erhitzen. Von Natur aus ist das Gestein jedoch dafür meist zu wenig porös. Deshalb soll das Einpressen von Fluiden unter hohem Druck die natürlichen Risse im Reservoirgestein künstlich vergrößern. Diese Stimulationstechnik erprobte das GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam erfolgreich an einer 4309 m tiefen Bohrung im Geothermielabor Groß Schönebeck. Eine zweite Bohrung soll nun eine langfristige Wasserzirkulation im Untergrund erforschen. Funktioniert sie stabil, dann soll eine Demonstrationsanlage Strom erzeugen.
INTEGRAL entdeckt den Gamma‐Himmel: Gamma‐Astronomie
Authors: Schönfelder Volker 
Published: November 2004

AbstractDas Gamma‐Weltraumteleskop INTEGRAL der Europäischen Weltraumbehörde, ESA, hat in den ersten 15 Monaten seiner Mission eine Fülle interessanter, neuer Ergebnisse geliefert. Hauptinstrumente an Bord sind das hoch auflösende Spektrometer SPI und das Spektrometer IBIS. Hinzu kommt je ein Monitor für den Röntgen‐ und optischen Bereich. Die wichtigsten neuen Erkenntnisse stammen vor allem aus dem Bereich harter kompakter Röntgenquellen und aus dem Bereich der Gammalinien‐Spektroskopie. Mit INTEGRAL wurde es erstmals möglich, den diffusen galaktischen Hintergrund zum Teil mit Einzelquellen identifizieren zu können. Ferner ließ sich in der Umgebung des galaktischen Zentrums die 511‐keV‐Linie von annihilierenden Positronen und Elektronen nachweisen. Schließlich trägt INTEGRAL auch entscheidend zum Studium der geheimnisvollen Gamma Ray Bursts bei.
Characterization of the in vivo forms of lacrimal‐specific proline‐rich proteins in human tear fluid
Authors: Fung Kim Y. C. , Morris Carol , Sathe Sonal , Sack Robert , Duncan Mark W. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe tear film is complex and is rich in both peptides and proteins. Physiological factors have been shown to alter the balance of the protein components in the tear film, however, little is known of the precise stimuli that initiate these changes, or their nature and extent. Attention has been directed at the role of tear proteins in the protection of the external ocular surface, and their potential role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, but few lacrimal‐specific proteins have been identified and demonstrated to offer a protective function at the ocular surface. The biological importance of proline‐rich proteins is uncertain, although there is some evidence to indicate a potential antimicrobial function for these proteins in saliva. Despite the detection of mRNA for proline‐rich proteins in lacrimal gland, the translated protein product has not been detected in tear fluid. In this study we investigate the presence of proline‐rich proteins in the tear film. Human reflex tear fluid was examined by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight mass spectrometry directly, and following size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography. This revealed significant levels of a truncated form of lacrimal proline‐rich protein, and a series of peptides derived the C‐terminus of this protein. None of these had previously been identified in tear. Our study highlights the dangers inherent in proteomic strategies that assign an identity to a protein based on limited coverage of tryptic peptides.
Cationic ring‐opening polymerization behavior of a five‐membered cyclic thiocarbonate having a spiro‐linked adamantane moiety
Authors: Nemoto Nobukatsu , Ito Yoshinori , Endo Takeshi 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThis work deals with the synthesis and cationic ring‐opening polymerization behavior of a novel five‐membered cyclic thiocarbonate bearing a spiro‐linked adamantane moiety, tricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decane‐2‐spiro‐4′‐(1′,3′‐dioxolane‐2′‐thione) (TC2). The cationic ring‐opening polymerization of TC2 did not proceed with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate, triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate (Et3OBF4), boron trifluoride etherate (BF3OEt2), titanium tetrachloride, or methyl iodide as the initiator, presumably because of the steric hindrance of the adamantane moiety. However, the cationic ring‐opening copolymerization of TC2 with five‐ or six‐membered cyclic thiocarbonates, that is, 1,3‐dioxolane‐2‐thione, 1,3‐dioxane‐2‐thione, 5‐methyl‐1,3‐dioxane‐2‐thione, or 5,5‐dimethyl‐1,3‐dioxane‐2‐thione, initiated by BF3OEt2 or Et3OBF4, proceeded to afford the corresponding copolymer via a selective ring‐opening direction. The increase in the feed ratio of TC2 in the copolymerization increased the unit ratio derived from TC2 in the copolymer; however, the molecular weight of the copolymer decreased. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 699–707, 2003
Bicyclobutanes and cyclobutenes: Unusual carbocyclic monomers
Authors: Hall H. K. , Padias Anne Buyle 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBicyclobutanes and cyclobutenes substituted with electron‐attracting groups represent novel classes of reactive monomers. They readily undergo free‐radical and anionic polymerizations to give high polymers consisting of 1,3‐ and 1,2‐enchained cyclobutane rings, respectively. They also copolymerize readily with conventional vinyl monomers. These polymers display numerous attractive properties in comparison with their vinyl counterparts, including enhanced thermal stability, superior optical properties, and higher glass‐transition temperatures. The syntheses of these monomers are reviewed, and suggestions toward future larger scale production are made. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 625–635, 2003
Grafting of poly(styrene‐co‐p‐chloromethyl styrene) with ethyl methacrylate via atom transfer radical polymerization catalyzed by CuCl/1,2‐dipiperidinoethane
Authors: Coşkun Mehmet , Mürşi̇t Temüz Mehmet 
Published: November 2004

AbstractPoly(styrene‐graft‐ethyl methacrylate) graft copolymer was prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) with poly(styrene‐co‐p‐chloromethyl styrene)s in various compositions as macroinitiator in the presence of CuCl/1,2‐dipiperidinoethane at 130 °C in N,N‐dimethylformamide. Both macroinitiators and graft copolymers were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H and 13C NMR, and differential scanning calorimetry. 1,2‐Dipiperidinoethane was an effective ligand of CuCl for ATRP in the graft copolymerization. The controlled growth of the side chain provided the graft copolymers with polydispersities of 1.60–2.05 in the case of poly(styrene‐co‐p‐chloromethyl styrene) (62:38) macroinitiator. Thermal stabilities of poly(styrene‐graft‐ethyl methacrylate) graft copolymers were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis as compared with those of the macroinitiators. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 668–673, 2003
Molecular deformation mechanisms of isotactic polypropylene in α‐ and β‐crystal forms by FTIR spectroscopy
Authors: Huy Trinh An , Adhikari Rameshwar , Lüpke Thomas , Henning Sven , Michler Goerg H. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe orientation behavior of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) in α‐ and β‐crystal form was investigated by rheo‐optical Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. This method enabled quantification of the degree of orientation as a feature of structural changes during uniaxial elongation in not only the crystalline phase but also the amorphous one. Molecular orientation mechanisms can be successfully derived from experimental results. Generally, three mechanisms were detected for iPP: (1) interlamellar separation in the amorphous phase, (2) interlamellar slip and lamellar twisting at small elongations, and (3) intralamellar slip at high elongations. The third mechanism was favored by α‐PP, whereas β‐PP favored the second mechanism, which, in fact, was responsible for the different mechanical properties of both materials at the macroscopic level. On the other hand, crystallization conditions may have significantly affected the amorphous orientation. Nevertheless, for both iPP types the chains in the amorphous phase always oriented less than did those in the crystalline phase. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 4478–4488, 2004
Comparing stress levels of parents of children with cancer and parents of children with physical disabilities
Authors: Hung Jen Wen , Wu Yee‐Hwa , Yeh Chao‐Hsing 
Published: November 2004

AbstractAim: To evaluate whether parental stress differs between parents of children with physical disabilities and parents of children with cancer.Methods: Parents (92 with disabled children and 89 with children with cancer) were recruited to complete the measures of the Parenting Stress Index/Short Form.Results: Diagnostic group differences were found across the parenting stress measures used in this study. The parents of children with cancer experienced significantly higher levels of stress compared with the parents of disabled children. The mean scores of each subscale (PD, PCDI, and DC) and total score scales in both groups approached were above the 90th percentile of Abidin's normative sample (PD=36, PCDI=27, DC=36, Total=91), except for the PD and DC subscales in the disabled children group, which approached the 90th percentile.Conclusion: The results of the study suggest that most of the parents in our sample should be referred for more in‐depth diagnostic study and professional counseling in stress management. Therefore, a normative score on the PSI/SF for Taiwanese parents with healthy children should be established to identify whether differences exist between parents whose children are healthy and those whose children have been diagnosed with a chronic illness. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molego‐based definition of the architecture and specificity of metal‐binding sites
Authors: Schein Catherine H. , Zhou Bin , Oezguen Numan , Mathura Venkatarajan S. , Braun Werner 
Published: November 2004

AbstractDecomposing proteins into “molegos,” building blocks that are conserved in sequence and 3D‐structure, can identify functional elements. To demonstrate the specificity of the decomposition method, the PCPMer program suite was used to numerically define physical chemical property motifs corresponding to the molegos that make up the metal‐containing active sites of three distinct enzyme families, from the dimetallic phosphatases, DNase 1 related nucleases/phosphatases, and dioxygenases. All three superfamilies bind metal ions in a β‐strand core region but differ in the number and type of ions needed for activity. The motifs were then used to automatically identify proteins in the ASTRAL40 database that contained similar motifs. The proteins with the highest PCPMer score in the database were primarily metal‐binding enzymes that were related in function to those in the alignment used to generate the PCPMer motif lists. The proteins that contained motifs similar to the dioxygenases differed from those found with PCP‐motifs for phosphatases and nucleases. Relatively few metal‐binding enzymes were detected when the search was done with PCP‐motifs defined for interleukin‐1 related proteins, which have a β‐strand core but do not bind metal ions. While the box architecture was constant in each superfamily, the specificity for the metal ion preferred for enzymatic activity is determined by the pattern of carbonyl, hydroxyl or imadazole groups in key positions in the molegos. These results have implications for the design of metal‐binding enzymes, and illustrate the ability of the PCPMer approach to distinguish, at the sequence level, structural and functional elements. Proteins 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.