bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The cost effectiveness of rofecoxib and celecoxib in patients with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Maetzel Andreas , Krahn Murray , Naglie Gary 
Published: June 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the cost effectiveness of the cyclooxygenase 2 (COX‐2) selective nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) rofecoxib compared with naproxen and the COX‐2 NSAID celecoxib compared with ibuprofen and diclofenac.MethodsCost‐effectiveness analysis based on a 5‐year Markov model. Probability estimates were derived from detailed data of 2 randomized trials and a systematic search of the medical literature. Utility estimates were obtained from 60 randomly selected members of the general public. Cost estimates were obtained from Canadian provincial databases. Incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios were calculated for patients at average risk of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) events and for high‐risk patients with a prior history of a UGI event. Subjects were patients with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis (RA) where a decision has been made to treat with NSAIDs but who do not require low‐dose aspirin. Main outcome measures were proportion of patients with clinical or complicated UGI events, quality‐adjusted life expectancy, and life expectancy.ResultsEvaluation of rofecoxib versus naproxen in patients with RA at average risk resulted in costs per quality‐adjusted life year (QALY) gained of $Can271,188. Celecoxib was dominated by diclofenac in average‐risk patients. Both rofecoxib and celecoxib are cost‐effective in high‐risk patients. Analyses by age groups and assuming a threshold of Can$50,000 per QALY gained, suggest that rofecoxib or celecoxib would be cost‐effective in patients aged over 76 and 81, respectively, without additional risk factors.ConclusionBoth rofecoxib and celecoxib are economically attractive in high risk and elderly patients. They are not economically attractive in patients at average risk. Coprescription of proton‐pump inhibitors with COX‐2 NSAIDs is not economically attractive for patients at high risk.
US incidence of juvenile dermatomyositis, 1995–1998: Results from the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Registry
Authors: Mendez Eduardo P. , Lipton Rebecca , Ramsey‐Goldman Rosalind , Roettcher Phil , Bowyer Susan , Dyer Alan , Pachman Lauren M. ,   For the NIAMS Juvenile DM Registry Physician Referral Group
Published: June 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the incidence of juvenile dermatomyositis (juvenile DM) in the United States between 1995 and 1998.MethodsPhysician referrals to the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Juvenile Dermatomyositis Research Registry and the National Pediatric Rheumatology Disease Registry from Indiana University were utilized for a 2‐source capture‐recapture estimation of Juvenile DM annual incidence.ResultsFor children 2–17 years of age, the estimated annual incidence rates from 1995 to 1998 in the US ranged from 2.5 to 4.1 juvenile DM cases per million children, and the 4‐year average annual rate was 3.2 per million children (95% confidence interval 2.9–3.4). Estimated annual incidence rates by race were 3.4 for white non‐Hispanics, 3.3 for African American non‐Hispanics, and 2.7 for Hispanics. During the 4‐year period of the study, completeness of ascertainment for the combined registries ranged from 56% to 86% and girls were affected more than boys (ratio 2.3:1).ConclusionThis study provides evidence for sex, and possibly racial differences in the risk of juvenile DM in the US.
Exercise‐related goals and self‐efficacy as correlates of aquatic exercise in individuals with arthritis
Authors: Gyurcsik Nancy C. , Estabrooks Paul A. , Frahm‐Templar Melissa J. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo examine whether aquatic exercise–related goals, task self‐efficacy, and scheduling self‐efficacy are predictive of aquatic exercise attendance in individuals with arthritis. A secondary objective was to determine whether high attendees differed from low attendees on goals and self‐efficacy.MethodsThe sample comprised 216 adults with arthritis (mean age 69.21 years). Measures included exercise‐related goal difficulty and specificity, task and scheduling self‐efficacy, and 8‐week aquatic exercise attendance.ResultsResults of a multiple hierarchical regression analysis were significant (P< 0.01). Goal difficulty, specificity, and task self‐efficacy were independent predictors of attendance (P< 0.05). A significant multivariate analysis of variance (P< 0.01) indicated that high attendees had higher task and scheduling self‐efficacy and lower goal difficulty than did low attendees (P< 0.05).ConclusionSupport for the importance of exercise‐related goal setting and self‐efficacy was demonstrated. Implications pertain to the design of interventions to impact aquatic exercise.
Anti–interleukin‐6 receptor antibody therapy reduces vascular endothelial growth factor production in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Nakahara Hideko , Song Jian , Sugimoto Masamichi , Hagihara Keisuke , Kishimoto Tadamitsu , Yoshizaki Kazuyuki , Nishimoto Norihiro 
Published: June 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) is a regulator of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsSerum VEGF levels in RA patients were assayed before and after 8 weeks or 24 weeks of maintenance therapy with humanized anti–IL‐6 receptor monoclonal antibody (anti–IL‐6R mAb). VEGF secreted by RA synovial fibroblasts cultured in the presence of IL‐6, IL‐1β, and/or tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) was measured. The inhibitory effect of anti–IL‐6R mAb, recombinant IL‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1Ra), and anti‐TNFα mAb on VEGF production was also examined.ResultsSerum VEGF levels in RA patients before anti–IL‐6R mAb therapy were significantly higher than those in healthy controls (P < 0.0005). Treatment of RA patients with anti–IL‐6R mAb normalized serum VEGF levels. In the in vitro study, IL‐6 and IL‐1β each induced a slight amount of VEGF production in synovial cells, but TNFα did not. Although VEGF‐inducing activity of these cytokines was not remarkable when they were added alone, IL‐6 acted synergistically with IL‐1β or TNFα to induce VEGF production. There was no synergistic effect between IL‐1β and TNFα. In the presence of all of these cytokines, anti–IL‐6R mAb eliminated the synergistic effect of IL‐6, IL‐1β, and TNFα, while IL‐1Ra or anti‐TNFα mAb did not.ConclusionAnti–IL‐6R mAb therapy reduced VEGF production in RA. IL‐6 is the pivotal cytokine that induces VEGF production in synergy with IL‐1β or TNFα, and this may be the mechanism by which IL‐6 blockade effectively suppresses VEGF production in synovial fibroblasts.
Lymphoma subtypes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Increased proportion of diffuse large B cell lymphoma
Authors: Baecklund Eva , Sundström Christer , Ekbom Anders , Catrina Anca I. , Biberfeld Peter , Feltelius Nils , Klareskog Lars 
Published: June 2003

AbstractObjectivePatients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have an increased risk of developing malignant lymphoma. It is not clear whether the increase is confined to certain subtypes of lymphomas. Immunosuppressive therapy and Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) have been linked to the development of these lymphomas. To gain information about the baseline pattern of lymphoma subtypes in RA before the current widespread use of immunosuppressive drugs, we examined the distribution of lymphoma subtypes and the presence of EBV in a cohort of RA patients with a low frequency and duration of treatment with immunosuppressive drugs.MethodsBy linking data from the Swedish Hospital Discharge Register and the Swedish Cancer Register, 42 cases of lymphoma were identified among 11,683 patients with RA in the Uppsala Health Care Region between 1964 and 1984. The medical records and paraffin‐embedded lymphoma tissues were collected, and the lymphomas were reclassified using the World Health Organization classification. In situ hybridization was used to detect EBV.ResultsTissues from 35 patients were reviewed. Non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) was found in 33 patients and Hodgkin's lymphoma in 2 patients. There was an increased frequency of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (22 of 33 NHL patients, 67%) compared with that in the general population (30–40%). EBV was detected in 5 of 30 examined lymphomas from patients (17%). Twenty of the 22 DLBCL patients had RA with medium or high inflammatory activity, and 6 had been treated with a disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug for ≥1 year.ConclusionThe findings of this study suggest an increased incidence of one specific lymphoma subtype, DLBCL, in RA patients, as well as a possible association with RA disease activity.
A public‐key based authentication and key establishment protocol coupled with a client puzzle
Authors: Lee M.C. , Fung Chun‐Kan 
Published: June 2003

AbstractNetwork Denial‐of‐Service (DoS) attacks, which exhaust server resources and network bandwidth, can cause the target servers to be unable to provide proper services to the legitimate users and in some cases render the target systems inoperable and/or the target networks inaccessible. DoS attacks have now become a serious and common security threat to the Internet community. Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) has long been incorporated in various authentication protocols to facilitate verifying the identities of the communicating parties. The use of PKI has, however, an inherent problem as it involves expensive computational operations such as modular exponentiation. An improper deployment of the public‐key operations in a protocol could create an opportunity for DoS attackers to exhaust the server's resources. This paper presents a public‐key based authentication and key establishment protocol coupled with a sophisticated client puzzle, which together provide a versatile solution for possible DoS attacks and various other common attacks during an authentication process. Besides authentication, the protocol also supports a joint establishment of a session key by both the client and the server, which protects the session communications after the mutual authentication. The proposed protocol has been validated using a formal logic theory and has been shown, through security analysis, to be able to resist, besides DoS attacks, various other common attacks.
The myth of technological neutrality in copyright and the rights of institutional users: Recent legal challenges to the information organization as mediator and the impact of the DMCA, WIPO, and TEACH
Authors: Lipinski Tomas A. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThis article discusses the accelerating trend of ownership rights in digital property, copyright, in specific. This trend is in contrast to the stated legislative purpose of copyright law to be neutral as to the technology that either owners employ to embody the copyrighted work or that others employ to facilitate access and use of the work. Recent legislative initiatives as well as interpretive court decisions have undermined this important concept. There is an ascendancy of digital ownership rights that threatens to undermine the concept of technological neutrality, which in essence guarantees that ownership and well as “use” rights apply equally to analog and digital environments. The result of this skewing is twofold: an unstable environment with respect to the access and use rights of individuals, institutions, and other users of copyrighted material, and the incentive of copyright owners to present works to the public in digital formats alone, where ownership rights are strongest. This article attempts to plot that digital ascendancy and demonstrate the undermining of neutrality principles.
A cast of thousands: Coauthorship and subauthorship collaboration in the 20th century as manifested in the scholarly journal literature of psychology and philosophy
Authors: Cronin Blaise , Shaw Debora , La Barre Kathryn 
Published: June 2003

AbstractWe chronicle the use of acknowledgments in 20th‐century scholarship by analyzing and classifying more than 4,500 specimens covering a 100‐year period. Our results show that the intensity of acknowledgment varies by discipline, reflecting differences in prevailing sociocognitive structures and work practices. We demonstrate that the acknowledgment has gradually established itself as a constitutive element of academic writing, one that provides a revealing insight into the nature and extent of subauthorship collaboration. Complementary data on rates of coauthorship are also presented to highlight the growing importance of collaboration and the increasing division of labor in contemporary research and scholarship.
Do nondomain experts enlist the strategies of domain experts?
Authors: Drabenstott Karen M. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractUser studies demonstrate that nondomain experts do not use the same information‐seeking strategies as domain experts. Because of the transformation of integrated library systems into Information Gateways in the late 1990s, both nondomain experts and domain experts have had available to them the wide range of information‐seeking strategies in a single system. This article describes the results of a study to answer three research questions: (1) do nondomain experts enlist the strategies of domain experts? (2) if they do, how did they learn about these strategies? and (3) are they successful using them? Interviews, audio recordings, screen captures, and observations were used to gather data from 14 undergraduate students who searched an academic library's Information Gateway. The few times that the undergraduates in this study enlisted search strategies that were characteristic of domain experts, it usually took perseverance, trial‐and‐error, serendipity, or a combination of all three for them to find useful information. Although this study's results provide no compelling reasons for systems to support features that make domain‐expert strategies possible, there is need for system features that scaffold nondomain experts from their usual strategies to the strategies characteristic of domain experts.
The user‐subjective approach to personal information management systems
Authors: Bergman Ofer , Beyth‐Marom Ruth , Nachmias Rafi 
Published: June 2003

AbstractIn this article we suggest a user‐subjective approach to Personal Information Management (PIM) system design. This approach advocates that PIM systems relate to the subjective value‐added attributes that the user gives to the data stored in the PIM system. These attributes should facilitate system use: help the user find the information item again, recall it when needed, and use it effectively in the next interaction with the item. Driven from the user‐subjective approach are three generic principles which are described and discussed: (a) The subjective classification principle, stating that all information items related to the same subjective topic should be classified together regardless of their technological format; (b) The subjective importance principle, proposing that the subjective importance of information should determine its degree of visual salience and accessibility; and (c) The subjective context principle, suggesting that information should be retrieved and viewed by the user in the same context in which it was previously used. We claim that these principles are only sporadically implemented in operating systems currently available on personal computers, and demonstrate alternatives for interface design.
A social judgment analysis of information source preference profiles: An exploratory study to empirically represent media selection patterns
Authors: Stefl‐Mabry Joette 
Published: June 2003

AbstractTo better understand how individuals and groups derive satisfaction from information, it is important to identify the information source preferences they apply in information seeking and decision making. Four informal propositions drove the structure and underlying logic of this study, forming a preliminary outline of a theory of information source preference profiles and their influence on information satisfaction. This study employed Social Judgment Analysis (SJA) to identify the information judgment preferences held by professional groups for six selected information sources: word of mouth, expert oral advice, Internet, print news, nonfiction books, and radio/television news. The research was designed as an hypothesis‐generating exploratory study employing a purposive sample (n= 90) and generated four empirically supported, testable hypotheses about user satisfaction with information sources. The SJA judgment functions revealed the influences of volume and polarity (i.e., positive versus negative information) on information satisfaction. By advancing the understanding of how information source preferences can be identified empirically and their influence on information satisfaction, this research reflects a first, small step toward understanding “satisficing.” Satisficing behaviors result in early termination of information search processes when individuals, facing incomplete information, are sufficiently satisfied to assume risks and execute decisions.
Die Apoptose: Programmierter Zelltod
Authors: Grimm Stefan 
Published: June 2003

AbstractSeit ein paar Jahren interessieren sich Wissenschaftler nicht nur für lebende, sondern auch für tote Zellen, genaugenommen für sterbende Zellen. Denn das Absterben von Zellen hat sich als ein genetisch regulierter Prozess herausgestellt, der in der Evolution hoch konserviert ist. Der Vorgang des kontrollierten Zelltodes, auch Apoptose genannt, wird hier beschrieben. Dabei wird neben seiner physiologischen Rolle auch seine Bedeutung für verschiedene Krankheiten betont. Da die Apoptose für pathologische Zustände relevant ist, ist ihre Erforschung sehr wichtig. Ferner werden Methoden der Forschung in Zellkultur und vor allem ein genetischer Screen vorgestellt, mit dessen Hilfe man das Absterben der Zellen besser nachvollziehen kann.
Strukturmerkmale von Ballaststoffkomponenten: Kein Ballast in der Nahrung …
Authors: Bunzel Mirko , Steinhart Hans 
Published: June 2003

AbstractDer Begriff Ballaststoffe steht für eine sehr heterogene Gruppe von Lebensmittelinhaltsstoffen. Es zeigt sich, dass die Zusammensetzung pflanzlicher Ballaststoffe je nach Herkunft (Pflanze/Pflanzenteil) stark unterschiedlich ist. So unterscheiden sich Getreideballaststoffe z. B. erheblich von Ballaststoffen aus Obst oder Gemüse. Aber auch Ballaststoffe aus den äußeren Schichten des Getreidekorns zeigen deutliche Unterschiede zu denen, die aus dem Endospermgewebe stammen. Allein bei der Betrachtung der Polysaccharide fällt eine extreme Strukturvielfalt auf. Vielfach sind die Strukturen der entsprechenden Polysaccharide auch nicht oder nur teilweise bekannt. Werden noch weitere Ballaststoffkomponenten wie Lignin in die Betrachtung einbezogen, werden die Verhältnisse noch um ein Vielfaches unübersichtlicher. Möchte man die ernährungsphysiologischen Eigenschaften und Mechanismen von Ballaststoffen beschreiben und verstehen, ist es nötig, die Strukturaufklärung der Ballaststoffkomponenten weiter voranzutreiben. Schließlich sollte bei der Untersuchung der ernährungsphysiologischen Eigenschaften nur mit gut definierten Materialien gearbeitet werden, eine Voraussetzung, die häufig keine Berücksichtigung findet.
Neuronale Codes der Honigbiene
Authors: Feil Sylvia 
Published: June 2003

AbstractDie Wahrnehmung und Unterscheidung von Duftmolekülen liefert den Honigbienen essentielle Informationen — z. B. über Nahrungsquellen, Gefahren und Konkurrenten. S. Sachse von der Freien Universität Berlin nahm jetzt nicht das Verhalten der Bienen unter die Lupe, sondern spürte der neurologischen Verarbeitung von Gerüchen nach.
Den Besonderheiten des Wassers auf der Spur
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: June 2003

AbstractWasser ist nicht nur ein lebensnotwendiges Lösungsmittel, es ist auch immer noch eine Herausforderung für die Forschung. Seine bemerkenswerten Eigenschaften (darunter der ungewöhnlich weite Temperaturbereich, in dem es flüssig bleibt) lassen sich zwar ganz allgemein und im Prinzip auf die dynamische Natur des Netzwerks von Wasserstoffbrücken zwischen den Molekülen zurückführen, doch viele Einzelheiten der beteiligten Prozesse sind noch ungeklärt. Zwei neue Untersuchungen an trickreich in der Gasphase isolierten Komplexen aus Wassermolekülen und Ionen erlauben tiefere Einblicke in die Mechanismen des Protonentransports und der Solvatation.
Von der Waage zur elektronischen Nase
Authors: Bargon Joachim , Graewe Boris , Jonischkeit Thorsten , Woelk Klaus 
Published: June 2003

AbstractQuarzkristalle können durch Wechselspannung zum Schwingen angeregt werden. Ihre stabile Resonanz macht man sich in Uhren und Mobiltelefonen zu Nutze. Mit wenig Aufwand wird daraus ein brauchbarer Chemosensor.
Espresso — ein Dreistufenpräparat
Authors: Roth Klaus 
Published: June 2003

AbstractEspresso, dieser wunderbare Extrakt aus fein gemahlenen, dunkel gerösteten Kaffeebohnen ist in Maßen genossen unschädlich, regt den Geist an, macht nicht dick und hat den päpstlichen Segen [1]. Kurzum: Genuss pur, ohne Reue! Die Herstellung einer Tasse Espresso scheint ein einfaches Dreistufenpräparat zu sein: die grünen Kaffeebohnen werden trocken erhitzt (Röstung), dann fein gemahlen und schließlich unter Druck mit heißem Wasser extrahiert. Dieser Ansatz wird täglich über 50 Millionen Mal durchgeführt, leider nicht immer mit optimalem Ergebnis. Kein Wunder, denn die Metamorphose von knapp 50 Kaffeebohnen zu einer Tasse Espresso ist reinste Chemie — und kulinarische Meisterleistungen lassen sich eben nur mit chemischen Grundkenntnissen erzielen.
Höhepunkte aus Liebigs Experimentalvorlesung
Authors: Schwedt Georg 
Published: June 2003

AbstractLiebigs Geburtstag jährt sich am 12. Mai 2003 zum 200. Mal. Aus diesem Anlass werden einzelne Experimente bzw. Versuchsreihen, die noch heute eine grundlegende Bedeutung haben, aus seiner in Gießen entwickelten Experimentalvorlesung vorgestellt.
3D‐Reaktionsanimationen im Netz
Authors: Höfker Uwe 
Published: June 2003

AbstractRäumliche Informationen sind in der Chemie sehr wichtig. Dies gilt bei der Betrachtung einzelner Moleküle, besonders aber bei chemischen Reaktionen. Einige Seiten im Netz bieten die Möglichkeit, selbst einfache dreidimensionale Reaktionsanimationen zu erstellen — und das ohne Kosten.
Revisiting the Reduction of Di‐tert‐butyl Ketone with Alkali Metals
Authors: Bucher Götz 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe reduction of di‐tert‐butyl ketone (1) with alkali metals has been revisited. A novel product, 2,5,5‐tri‐tert‐butyl‐3‐methyl‐4,5‐dihydrofuran (4), was isolated from the product mixture in very low yield. The formation of4requires the elimination of a methyl radical from the radical anion of1as key step. An alternative reaction mechanism, which involves the formation of the dianion of1, was ruled out on the basis of the results of DFT calculations. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Synthesis of the Four Stereoisomers of 1‐Amino‐2‐(hydroxymethyl)cyclobutanecarboxylic Acid and Their Biological Evaluation as Ligands for the Glycine Binding Site of the NMDA Receptor
Authors: Koch Claus‐Jürgen , Höfner G. , Polborn Kurt , Wanner Klaus Theodor 
Published: June 2003

AbstractA synthesis of all four stereoisomers [(1S,2S)‐, (1R,2R)‐, (1S,2R)‐, (1R,2S)‐] of 1‐amino‐2‐(hydroxymethyl)cyclobutanecarboxyclic acid is presented. The synthesis is based on the chiral glycine equivalent 1, employed in both enantiomeric forms. The key step involves the cyclization of the silyl‐protected iodohydrins 5a−d to the corresponding spiro derivatives 6a−d with the aid of the phosphazenic base tBu‐P4. The final compounds were found to display moderate potency as ligands for the glycine binding site of the NMDA receptor. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)