bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differentiating wild from captive animals: an isotopic approach
Authors: Brasileiro Luiza , Mayrink Rodrigo Ribeiro , Pereira André Costa , Costa Fabio José Viana , Nardoto Gabriela Bielefeld 
Published: November 2023

Background
Wildlife farming can be an important but complex tool for conservation. To achieve conservation benefits, wildlife farming should meet a variety of criteria, including traceability conditions to identify the animals’ origin. The traditional techniques for discriminating between wild and captive animals may be insufficient to prevent doubts or misdeclaration, especially when labels are not expected or mandatory. There is a pressing need to develop more accurate techniques to discriminate between wild and captive animals and their products. Stable isotope analysis has been used to identify animal provenance, and some studies have successfully demonstrated its potential to differentiate wild from captive animals. In this literature review, we examined an extensive collection of publications to develop an overall picture of the application of stable isotopes to distinguish between wild and captive animals focusing on evaluating the patterns and potential of this tool.

Survey methodology
We searched peer-reviewed publications in the Web of Science database and the references list from the main studies on the subject. We selected and analyzed 47 studies that used δ13C, δ15N, δ2H, δ18O, and δ34S in tissues from fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. We built a database from the isotope ratios and metadata extracted from the publications.

Results
Studies have been using stable isotopes in wild and captive animals worldwide, with a particular concentration in Europe, covering all main vertebrate groups. A total of 80.8% of the studies combined stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen, and 88.2% used at least one of those elements. Fish is the most studied group, while amphibians are the least. Muscle and inert organic structures were the most analyzed tissues (46.81% and 42.55%). δ13C and δ15N standard deviation and range were significantly higher in the wild than in captive animals, suggesting a more variable diet in the first group. δ13C tended to be higher in wild fishes and in captive mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians. δ15N was higher in the wild terrestrial animals when controlling for diet. Only 5.7% of the studies failed to differentiate wild and captive animals using stable isotopes.

Conclusions
This review reveals that SIA can help distinguish between wild and captive in different vertebrate groups, rearing conditions, and methodological designs. Some aspects should be carefully considered to use the methodology properly, such as the wild and captivity conditions, the tissue analyzed, and how homogeneous the samples are. Despite the increased use of SIA to distinguish wild from captive animals, some gaps remain since some taxonomic groups (e.g., amphibians), countries (e.g., Africa), and isotopes (e.g., δ2H, δ18O, and δ34S) have been little studied.
Sequentially N‐Doped Acceptor Primer Layer Facilitates Electron Collection of Inverted Non‐Fullerene Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Xie Jiaqi , Lin Weihua , Wang Dengke , Lu Zheng‐Hong , Zheng Kaibo , Liang Ziqi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn most non‐fullerene organic solar cells comprising bulk‐heterojunction active layers, the inter‐domain connectivity of small‐molecule acceptors is generally inferior to those of polymeric donors due to their intrinsic short‐range ordering. This issue is even exacerbated by the physiochemical mismatch between acceptor‐phases and metal‐oxide electron transport layers in most inverted n‐i‐p devices, leading to inefficient electron collection. By pre‐depositing an ultra‐thin acceptor primer layer, it develops a novel acceptor‐enriched‐bottom active layer to reinforce the acceptor‐phase continuity. It is however challenging to preserve the primer layer during non‐orthogonal solvent processing. Thus, sequential n‐type doping is implemented on the surface of the primer layer, which allows to slightly reduce the acceptor solubility by polarity regulation, as well as stabilize the film structure via strong π–π interaction between dopant/host acceptor. Upon acceptor enrichment, higher interfacial electron density enhances the built‐in potential while the enlarged domains suppress both charge‐transfer state and bimolecular recombination. Consequently, the champion device efficiency is greatly improved from ca. 16.1% to 18.0%, mainly resulting from the simultaneously elevated fill factor and short‐circuit current density.
Durable Cation Replenishing to Activate Anion Releasing for Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of Dual‐Ion Full Batteries
Authors: Cheng Zhenjie , Yao Qian , Zheng Cheng , Zhang Fenglong , Song Kepeng , Dong Qingyu , Pan Jun , Yang Jian 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDual‐ion batteries, as one of the most promising alternatives to Li‐ion batteries, face severe challenges in terms of side reactions, particularly at the anode. These side reactions result in the consumption of limited cations and the deactivation of anions in graphite during cycling. To date, most reports are focused on reducing these side reactions. Here, a new way is proposed to achieve the stable cycling of dual‐ion batteries using Mg as an example. Mg can be oxidized to Mg2+ during the discharge process, thereby replenishing the cation loss due to the side reactions. Meanwhile, anions are released from graphite to maintain the charge balance in the electrolyte. Another advantage is that the formation of Li3Mg7 during cycles facilitates Li plating/stripping. Therefore, Mg||Graphite exhibits a high Coulombic efficiency (≈96.5%) and a stable cycling performance (≈94.6% after 1700 cycles at 2 C) even without prelithiation, much better than Cu||Graphite and Graphite||Graphite. The mechanism also works for other active metals, such as K, Ca, and Na. The results demonstrate the promising potential of this strategy.
Transient Self‐Assembled Materials with Controllable Lifespan for Programmable Fluorescence
Authors: Gu Ting , Li Hao , Wu Tongyue , Li Xiaoyu , Li Hongpeng , Zhao Hongxin , Xiao Yunlong , Huang Jianbin , Yan Yun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTransient structures play a wide range of vital roles in biological systems. Different from static structures that form the skeleton of bio‐tissues, transient structures only occur at certain spatial and temporal scales to undertake their duties in the life circle. Despite the significant progress in the field of artificial molecular self‐assembly studies, it still remains challenging to construct functional transient structures. Herein, the shaping of transient coordinating self‐assembled structures and their fluorescence is reported via host‐guest interaction that disfavors the assembly. The host‐guest interaction between the luminescent ligand and cyclodextrin drastically changes the kinetics of the coordinating self‐assembly, enabling the formation of transient structures. Different from the static equilibrium one with typical monomer emission in the UV region, the transient self‐assembly forms excimers, leading to visible emission. More intriguingly, the life cycle of the transient structures can be easily modulated by varying the host‐guest ratio, ligand‐metal ratio, as well as temperature. This makes it possible to create living patterns that mimic the growth of plants at different life stages. It is therefore envisioned that the creation of transient molecular self‐assembly will open a new paradigm in the field of molecular self‐assembly featuring advanced materials with dynamic functions.
Dielectric Gels with Microphase Separation for Wide‐Range and Self‐Damping Pressure Sensing
Authors: Zhang Changgeng , Wang Zhenwu , Zhu He , Zhang Qi , Zhu Shiping 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOmnipresent vibrations pose a significant challenge to flexible pressure sensors by inducing unstable output signals and curtailing their operational lifespan. Conventional soft sensing materials possess adequate elasticity but prove inadequate in countering vibrations. Moreover, the utilization of conventional highly‐damping materials for sensing is challenging due to their substantial hysteresis. To tackle this dilemma, dielectric gels with controlled in situ microphase separation have been developed, leveraging the miscibility disparity between copolymers and solvents. The resulting gels exhibit exceptional compression stress, remarkable dielectric constant, and exceptional damping capabilities. Furthermore, flexible pressure sensors based on these microphase‐separated gels show a wide detection range and low detection limit, more importantly, excellent sensing performance on vibrating surfaces. This work offers high potentials for applying flexible pressure sensors in complex practical scenarios and opens up new avenues for applications in soft electronics, biomimetic robots, and intelligent sensing.
Characterization of Chiral Near Field Within Nanogaps Using Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering
Authors: Ye Lulu , Zhang Guanyu , Lin Hai , Li Yanglizhi , Liu Qinyun , Liu Zhongfan , Gong Qihuang , Lu Guowei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractChiral nanogap antennas, which exhibit specific chiroptical responses, hold exceptional potential in various chiral applications, including polarization converters, asymmetric catalysis, label‐free chiral recognition, and chiral sensing. However, characterizing the chiral optical fields within nanogaps presents considerable challenges owing to their complex light field responses and spatial dimensions. In this study, the strong modulation of helicity‐resolved surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) signals in graphene by chiral plasmonic antennas, offering a promising approach to characterize chiral near fields within nanogaps is demonstrated. The SERS of achiral monolayer graphene is performed within plasmonic nanogap antennas, including single gold nanorods (GNRs) and GNR dimers on gold microflakes. The Raman scattering intensity of graphene within these nanogap antennas is enhanced approximately sixfold. Furthermore, the degree of cross‐circularly polarized Raman intensity reaches up to ≈45%, indicating a robust chiral optical field. Moreover, under opposite circularly polarized light excitation, the SERS of graphene reveals varying emission intensities attributed to the modulation arising from the chiral antennas in both the excitation and emission processes of Raman scattering. Furthermore, the degree of chirality depends on the antenna configuration and the excitation laser wavelength.
Lanthanide‐Doped Nanomaterials for Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment by Second Near‐Infrared Fluorescence Imaging
Authors: Tong Lingling , Cao Jingjing , Wang Kun , Song Jibin , Mu Jing 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLanthanides have unique electronic configurations and stepped energy states of [Xe]4fN, which endows them with advantages including stable luminescence, large stokes shift, wide excitation spectral bands, and long fluorescence lifetime. NIR‐II fluorescence imaging overcomes the strong tissue absorption, scattering, and spontaneous fluorescence interference of traditional fluorescence and can achieve deeper tissue penetration and higher spatial and temporal resolution in vivo imaging. Lanthanides hold great potential for in vivo biosensing and bioimaging. In this work, the design and preparation of nanomaterials doped with different lanthanide elements are reviewed in this paper. Applications of lanthanide‐doped nanomaterials to different tumor therapeutics through NIR‐II fluorescence imaging and the unique potential of NIR lanthanide nanomaterials in tumor diagnosis and therapy are also discussed.
Behind the Indolent Facade: Uncovering the Molecular Features and Malignancy Potential in Lung Minimally Invasive Adenocarcinoma by Single‐Cell Transcriptomics
Authors: Zhang Xin , Liang Boxuan , Huang Yuji , Meng Hao , Li Zhiming , Du Jiaxin , Zhou Lang , Zhong Yizhou , Wang Bo , Lin Xi , Yu Guangchuang , Chen Xuewei , Lu Weixiang , Chen Zhe‐Sheng , Yang Xingfen , Huang Zhenlie 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe increased use of low‐dose computed tomography screening has led to more frequent detection of early stage lung tumors, including minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA). To unravel the intricacies of tumor cells and the immune microenvironment in MIA, this study performs a comprehensive single‐cell transcriptomic analysis and profiles the transcriptomes of 156,447 cells from fresh paired MIA and invasive adenocarcinoma (IA) tumor samples, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and adjacent normal tissue samples from three patients with synchronous multiple primary lung adenocarcinoma. This study highlights a connection and heterogeneity between the tumor ecosystem of MIA and IA. MIA tumor cells exhibited high expression of aquaporin‐1 and angiotensin II receptor type 2 and a basal‐like molecular character. Furthermore, it identifies that cathepsin B+ tumor‐associated macrophages may over‐activate CD8+ T cells in MIA, leading to an enrichment of granzyme K+ senescent CD8+ T cells, indicating the possibility of malignant progression behind the indolent appearance of MIA. These findings are further validated in 34 MIA and 35 IA samples by multiplexed immunofluorescence. These findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms that maintain the indolent nature and prompt tumor progression of MIA and can be used to develop more effective therapeutic targets and strategies for MIA patients.
Oxygen‐Bridged Cobalt–Chromium Atomic Pair in MOF‐Derived Cobalt Phosphide Networks as Efficient Active Sites Enabling Synergistic Electrocatalytic Water Splitting in Alkaline Media
Authors: Lv Zepeng , Zhang Huakui , Liu Chenhui , Li Shaolong , Song Jianxun , He Jilin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractElectrochemical water splitting offers a most promising pathway for “green hydrogen” generation. Even so, it remains a struggle to improve the electrocatalytic performance of non‐noble metal catalysts, especially bifunctional electrocatalysts. Herein, aiming to accelerate the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions, an oxygen‐bridged cobalt–chromium (Co‐O‐Cr) dual‐sites catalyst anchored on cobalt phosphide synthesized through MOF‐mediation are proposed. By utilizing the filling characteristics of 3d orbitals and modulated local electronic structure of the catalytic active site, the well‐designed catalyst requires only an external voltage of 1.53 V to deliver the current density of 20 mA cm−2 during the process of water splitting apart from the superb HER and OER activity with a low overpotential of 87 and 203 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, respectively. Moreover, density functional theory (DFT) calculations are utilized to unravel mechanistic investigations, including the accelerated adsorption and dissociation process of H2O on the Co‐O‐Cr moiety surface, the down‐shifted d‐band center, a lowered energy barrier for the OER and so on. This work offers a design direction for optimizing catalytic activity toward energy conversion.
Toward Tunable Protein‐Driven Hydrogel Lens
Authors: Kaeek Maria , Khoury Luai R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDespite the significant progress in protein‐based materials, creating a tunable protein‐activated hydrogel lens remains an elusive goal. This study leverages the synergistic relationship between protein structural dynamics and polymer hydrogel engineering to introduce a highly transparent protein–polymer actuator. By incorporating bovine serum albumin into polyethyleneglycol diacrylate hydrogels, the authors achieved enhanced light transmittance and conferred actuating capabilities to the hydrogel. Taking advantage of these features, a bilayer protein‐driven hydrogel lens that dynamically modifies its focal length in response to pH changes, mimicking the adaptability of the human lens, is fabricated. The lens demonstrates durability and reproducibility, highlighting its potential for repetitive applications. This integration of protein‐diverse biochemistry, folding nanomechanics, and polymer engineering opens up new avenues for harnessing the wide range of proteins to potentially propel various fields such as diagnostics, lab‐on‐chip, and deep‐tissue bio‐optics, advancing the understanding of incorporating biomaterials in the optical field.
CeNCl‐CeO2 Heterojunction‐Modified Ni Catalysts for Efficient Electroreduction of CO2 to CO
Authors: Liu Li , Wang Fei , Chu Xiang , Zhang Lingling , Zhang Shuaishuai , Wang Xiao , Che Guangbo , Song Shuyan , Zhang Hongjie 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRenewable‐electricity‐powered electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2RR) is considered one of the most promising ways to convert exhaust CO2 into value‐added chemicals and fuels. Among various CO2RR products, CO is of great significance since it can be directly used as feedstock to produce chemical products through the Fischer–Tropsch process. However, the CO2‐to‐CO electrocatalytic process is often accompanied by a kinetically competing side reaction: H2 evolution reaction (HER). Designing electrocatalysts with tunable electronic structures is an attractive strategy to enhance CO selectivity. In this work, a CeNCl‐CeO2 heterojunction‐modified Ni catalyst is successfully synthesized with high CO2RR catalytic performance by the impregnation‐calcination method. Benefiting from the strong electron interaction between the CeNCl‐CeO2 heterojunction and Ni nanoparticles (NPs), the catalytic performance is greatly improved. Maximal CO Faradaic efficiency (FE) is up to 90% at −0.8 V (vs RHE), plus good stability close to 12 h. Detailed electrochemical tests and density functional theory (DFT) calculation results reveal that the introduction of the CeNCl‐CeO2 heterojunction tunes the electronic structure of Ni NPs. The positively charged Ni center leads to an enhanced local electronic structure, thus promoting the activation of CO2 and the adsorption of *COOH.
Exploring cultural sensitivity during distance simulations in pediatric emergency medicine
Authors: Fayyaz Jabeen , Jaeger Margret , Takundwa Prisca , Iqbal Ammarah U. , Khatri Adeel , Ali Saima , Mukhtar Sama , Saleem Syed Ghazanfar , Whitfill Travis , Ali Inayat , Duff Jonathan P. , Kardong‐Edgren Suzan (Suzie) , Gross Isabel Theresia 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundCultural sensitivity (CS) training is vital to pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) curricula. This study aimed to explore CS in Yale PEM fellows and emergency medicine (EM) residents at Indus Hospital and Health Network (IHHN) in Pakistan through distance simulation activities.MethodsThis mixed‐methods analysis of an educational intervention was conducted at Yale University in collaboration with IHHN. We approached seven U.S. PEM fellows and 22 Pakistani EM residents. We performed a baseline CS assessment using the Clinical Cultural Competency Questionnaire (CCCQ). Afterward, the U.S. PEM fellows facilitated the Pakistani EM residents through six distance simulation sessions. Qualitative data were collected through online focus groups. The CCCQ was analyzed using descriptive statistics, and content analysis was used to analyze the data from the focus groups.ResultsSeven U.S. PEM fellows and 18 of 22 Pakistani EM residents responded to the CCCQ at the beginning of the module. The mean (±SD) CCCQ domain scores for the U.S. PEM fellows versus the Pakistani EM residents were 2.56 (±0.37) versus 2.87 (±0.72) for knowledge, 3.02 (±0.41) versus 3.33 (±0.71) for skill, 2.86 (±0.32) versus 3.17 (±0.73) for encounter/situation, and 3.80 (±0.30) versus 3.47 (±0.47) for attitude (each out of 5 points). Our qualitative data analysis showed that intercultural interactions were valuable. There is a common language of medicine among the U.S. PEM fellows and Pakistani EM residents. The data also highlighted a power distance between the facilitators and learners, as the United States was seen as the standard of “how to practice PEM.” The challenges identified were time differences, cultural practices such as prayer times, the internet, and technology. The use of local language during debriefing was perceived to enhance engagement.ConclusionThe distance simulation involving U.S. PEM fellows and Pakistani EM residents was an effective approach in assessing various aspects of intercultural education, such as language barriers, technical challenges, and religious considerations.
Comparison of mucus and serum biomarker sampling in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: Mueller Sarina Katrin , Wendler Olaf , Mayr Susanne , Traxdorf Maximilian , Koch Michael , Mantsopoulos Konstantinos , Sievert Matti , Grundtner Philipp , Iro Heinrich , Bleier Benjamin S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to analyze advantages and disadvantages of mucus and serum for biomarker analysis.MethodsThis study includes prospective study of 61 CRS with nasal polyps patients who were followed over 24 months and over nine time points after functional endoscopic sinus surgery. At each time points, the nasal polyp score (NPS) was assessed and mucus as well as serum was collected. Selected were measured in mucus and serum. Mean, standard deviation and variance, undetectable values, and the correlation of the biomarkers to the NPS over time and to early recurrences were calculated, and the effect of surgery on the biomarkers was assessed. Additionally, the diurnal rhythm of all biomarkers was measures in order to assure stable biomarker values during sampling times.ResultsAll biomarkers showed stable values during sampling times. Serum biomarker levels displayed higher percentages of undetectable values compared to mucus biomarkers. Mucus periostin (p < 0.001, r = 0.89), mucus IgE (p < 0.001, r = 0.51), serum periostin (p < 0.001, r = 0.53), mucus CST1 (p < 0.001, r = 0.27), and serum IgE (p < 0.01, r = −0.18) were the best marker and medium combinations to track the NPS over time and to predict recurrences. Mucus serpinF2 was negatively correlated and predicted early recurrences (p = 0.026, R2 = 0.015).ConclusionsSerum and mucus both represent viable mediums for “liquid biopsies.” The most promising biomarker/medium combinations over time to track disease severity were mucus periostin, mucus IgE, serum periostin, mucus CST1, and serum IgE. Mucus serpinF2 was the best biomarker to predict early recurrences.
Histologic characterization of primary ciliary dyskinesia chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Kim Sulgi , Li Lang , Lin Feng‐Chang , Stack Taylor , Lamb Meredith M. , Mohammad Ibtisam , Norris Meghan , Klatt‐Cromwell Cristine , Thorp Brian D. , Ebert Charles S. , Masters Daniel , Senior Brent A. , Askin Frederic B. , Kimple Adam J. 
Published: November 2023

Key points
We present the largest cohort of structured histopathology reports on primary ciliary dyskinesia‐related chronic rhinosinusitis (PCD‐CRS).
Despite endoscopic differences, PCD‐CRS and cystic fibrosis‐related chronic rhinosinusitis (CF‐CRS) had similar structured histopathology reports.
Compared to healthy patients and those with idiopathic chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps, patients with PCD‐CRS had an increased neutrophil count.