bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Features of Crohn's Disease Depending on the Age of Disease Onset
Authors: Ganich E. G. , Shchukina O. B. 
Published: December 2023

Aim: to evaluate the characteristics of Crohn's disea depending on the age of the disease onset in patients observed in a specialized City Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Diagnosis and Treatment.Materials and methods. We observed 180 patients with an established diagnosis of Crohn's disease for 52 weeks, followed by a retrospective assessment. Patients were divided into three groups depending on the age of the onset of the disease according to the Paris classification (A1, A2, A3). The visits included: the collection of complaints, medical history, objective examination, clinical blood testing; biochemical blood testing (C-reactive protein); fecal calprotectin; ileocolonoscopy. Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out using Excel, RStudio and the R language; for categorical data, the Pearson chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used (for 2 × 2 tables with small samples). For categorical and quantitative, the Mann – Whitney t-test was used. Student's t-test was used to test the equality of means.Results. The gender distribution and the average duration of the disease were comparable in all groups. At the time of diagnosis, ileocolitis (p = 0.01), inflammatory form of Crohn's disease (p < 0.05), and the upper gastrointestinal tract involvement (p < 0.05) were more frequently detected in group A1. Isolated colonic Crohn’s disease predominated in group A3 (p < 0.001). No significant difference between the groups in the incidence of extraintestinal manifestations of the disease was found (p = 0.32). In group A1, there was a positive correlation between smoking and lack of response to therapy. In group A2, endoscopic remission was observed less frequently among smokers at the end of the study (p < 0.05). Anal fissures were noted as the most common perianal disease in all groups. In group A1, there was a positive correlation between clinical, laboratory and endoscopic remission and the absence of perianal disease. At the end of the follow-up, the worsening of endoscopic SES-CD level was observed more frequently in the patients with the onset before 30 years old in group A2 (p = 0.01).Conclusions. Not only pediatric onset, but also the onset of Crohn's disease before the age of 40 is a risk factor for the progression of the disease and its more severe course.
Comparative Rheological Investigation of Nanocomposites of Surface Charged Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles with Polyethylene Glycol
Authors: Javanbakht Taraneh 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper focuses on a new investigation of the rheological properties of the nanocomposites of surface charged superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with polyethylene glycol. Both studied nanocomposites showed the steady-state behavior at 20 °C and 40 °C. Moreover, the increase of viscosity versus shear strain, shear rate or time for the nanocomposites was small at 60 °C. The effect of the coating of nanoparticles with the polymer was comparable for different nanocomposites. The data presented in this paper can provide the required information for the preparation of assemblies of nanocomposites with polymers.
Reactive Magnetron Sputtering Control Based on an Analytical Condition of Stoichiometry
Authors: Madarász Róbert Rossi , Kelemen András 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The conditions for stoichiometric thin film deposition by reactive magnetron sputtering include the existence of a given ratio between the flux of the sputtered metallic atoms and the flux of the reactive gas molecules on the surface of the substrate. To meet this condition, a relationship based on the Berg model is formulated between the partial pressure of the reactive gas, the target coverage, and the sputtering current density. Given that the target coverage can be estimated online from the sputtering voltage, it is possible to create a control structure where the reactive gas partial pressure is controlled to obtain stoichiometric thin film deposition. Simulation results are presented based on the dynamic model of the sputtering process.
Numerical Study of Bottom Shape Effect on the Mixing for Stirred Tank
Authors: Belhanafi Abdelghani , Baki Touhami 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this work, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to investigate the effect of the bottom shape on the flow field and mixing characteristics in an agitated vessel stirred by six-pitched blade turbine (PBT6). The simulation was based on the resolution of the Navier-Stokes equations using standard k-ε turbulence model. Hydrodynamic behavior of the stirred vessel with four types of bottom shapes was investigated, a flat bottom and three different semi-elliptical bottoms. The results show reasonably satisfactory agreement with the experimental data. The CFD simulation also showed that the semi-elliptical bottom shapes had a significant influence on the velocity profiles and on the turbulent kinetic energy distributions of the local flow generated at the bottom region of the vessel.
Construction Legislation – Current and Future in the Legal System of the Slovak Republic
Authors: Marišová Eleonóra , Hodossy Kristian , Mura Ladislav 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The importance of addressing the effective functioning of competence execution in the construction sector primarily lies in its impact on the efficiency and quality of these competences. Currently, in Slovakia (SR), municipalities exercise the competences of spatial planning and building regulations within their transferred competence from the state. Through the government’s program statement for the years 2020–2024, the SR government committed to abolish municipal building authorities. With the new legislation that becomes effective on April 1, 2024, there will be a reverse transfer of construction competence from municipalities to state administration, to the newly created Office for Spatial Planning and Construction of the Slovak Republic and regional building authorities.The authors take a critical approach to the original construction legislation (de lege lata) as well as to the newly adopted laws on construction and spatial planning in terms of substantive and procedural provisions, noting the exclusion of the application of Administrative Code in spatial and building proceedings. Through our research on this issue, we suggest de lege ferenda two alternatives regarding the exercise of construction competences at the municipal and state levels and the preservation of dual jurisdiction in building proceedings according to the current administrative procedure.
Interpreting Convolutional Layers in DNN Model Based on Time–Frequency Representation of Emotional Speech
Authors: Smietanka Lukasz , Maka Tomasz 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The paper describes the relations of speech signal representation in the layers of the convolutional neural network. Using activation maps determined by the Grad-CAM algorithm, energy distribution in the time–frequency space and their relationship with prosodic properties of the considered emotional utterances have been analysed. After preliminary experiments with the expressive speech classification task, we have selected the CQT-96 time–frequency representation. Also, we have used a custom CNN architecture with three convolutional layers in the main experimental phase of the study. Based on the performed analysis, we show the relationship between activation levels and changes in the voiced parts of the fundamental frequency trajectories. As a result, the relationships between the individual activation maps, energy distribution, and fundamental frequency trajectories for six emotional states were described. The results show that the convolutional neural network in the learning process uses similar fragments from time–frequency representation, which are also related to the prosodic properties of emotional speech utterances. We also analysed the relations of the obtained activation maps with time-domain envelopes. It allowed observing the importance of the speech signals energy in classifying individual emotional states. Finally, we compared the energy distribution of the CQT representation in relation to the regions’ energy overlapping with masks of individual emotional states. In the result, we obtained information on the variability of energy distributions in the selected signal representation speech for particular emotions.
Metrics for Assessing Generalization of Deep Reinforcement Learning in Parameterized Environments
Authors: Aleksandrowicz Maciej , Jaworek-Korjakowska Joanna 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this work, a study focusing on proposing generalization metrics for Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) algorithms was performed. The experiments were conducted in DeepMind Control (DMC) benchmark suite with parameterized environments. The performance of three DRL algorithms in selected ten tasks from the DMC suite has been analysed with existing generalization gap formalism and the proposed ratio and decibel metrics. The results were presented with the proposed methods: average transfer metric and plot for environment normal distribution. These efforts allowed to highlight major changes in the model’s performance and add more insights about making decisions regarding models’ requirements.
A Few-Shot Learning Approach for Covid-19 Diagnosis Using Quasi-Configured Topological Spaces
Authors: Liu Hui , Wang Chunjie , Jiang Xin , Khishe Mohammad 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Accurate and efficient COVID-19 diagnosis is crucial in clinical settings. However, the limited availability of labeled data poses a challenge for traditional machine learning algorithms. To address this issue, we propose Turning Point (TP), a few-shot learning (FSL) approach that leverages high-level turning point mappings to build sophisticated representations across previously labeled data. Unlike existing FSL models, TP learns using quasi-configured topological spaces and efficiently combines the outputs of diverse TP learners. We evaluated TPFSL using three COVID-19 datasets and compared it with seven different benchmarks. Results show that TPFSL outperformed the top-performing benchmark models in both one-shot and five-shot tasks, with an average improvement of 4.50% and 4.43%, respectively. Additionally, TPFSL significantly outperformed the ProtoNet benchmark by 12.966% and 11.033% in one-shot and five-shot classification problems across all datasets. Ablation experiments were also conducted to analyze the impact of variables such as TP density, network topology, distance measure, and TP placement. Overall, TPFSL has the potential to improve the accuracy and speed of diagnoses for COVID-19 in clinical settings and can be a valuable tool for medical professionals.
Corroborating Corpus Data with Elicited Introspection Data: A Case Study
Authors: Horsch Jakob 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The last decades have seen an exponential growth of corpus sizes. This development has been driven by a desire to investigate rare syntactic phenomena, but issues remain: Corpora are by definition finite samples, but language is by definition infinite, leading to the negative data problem (‘absence of evidence is not evidence of absence’). One solution is corroborating corpus data with elicited introspection data that is obtained in a reliable, valid, and objective way. I present a case study to show how this can be done using the Magnitude Estimation Test (MET) method (Hoffmann 2013). Analyzing elicited data from 37 L1 English speakers, I show that introspective data can complement corpus data and lead to interesting new findings.
Expressing Measure in Czech (A Corpus-Based Study)
Authors: Mikulová Marie 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In the contribution, we provide a theory-based and corpus-verified description of expressions for measure in Czech. We demonstrate that the measure expressions may modify quantity of entities (approximately ten boys), internal characteristics of events (he works a lot), properties (very big) and relations (completely without sound). We distinguish between the measure expressions that are an answer to the question To what extent? (Extent-modifiers) and expressions that modify an answer to the question How many? (Quantity-modifiers). The Extent-modifiers are formally, structurally and semantically more diverse than the Quantity-modifiers. For the Quantity-modifiers a list of forms and functions is provided. Theoretical knowledge stemming from the analysis will subsequently be used to improve the annotation in the Prague Dependency Treebanks. It can be also useful for other semantically-oriented descriptions of language.
Errors in the Congruent Attribute Among Students Learning Slovak as a Foreign Language (Learner Corpus -Based )
Authors: Gajdošová Katarína , Mošaťová Michaela , Švancarová Petra 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper analyses error rates in the congruent attribute in texts written by students learning Slovak as a foreign language. The material, which was qualitatively analysed, comes from the pilot version of the learner corpus errkorp-pilot. The paper defines the most common types of errors in the congruent attribute and interprets the causes of their origin. The most common errors include the wrong congruence with the grammatical gender and with the case of the defining noun. Errors are usually caused by the following factors: transfer from the L1 language, excessive generalization of the rule in the target language, or insufficient knowledge of the grammatical rule.
Annotation of Analytic Verb Forms in Czech – Complex Cases
Authors: Petkevič Vladimír , Skoumalová Hana 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The article deals with complex cases of determining the attribute verbtag, which contains the values of morphosyntactic categories of analytic verb forms. The latest corpora of contemporary written Czech from the SYN series are tagged with this attribute. In this paper, we focus on cases where it is difficult to identify values of verbtag categories. These include, e.g. the identification of the auxiliary verb být ‘to be’, recognition of the mood and tense of coordinated participles, or determining the number in compound forms in which the individual parts have a different morphological number. Some of the problems are of a theoretical nature, since it is not clear what the correct solution should be. Here we have arbitrarily opted for one option that was offered. Other problems are due to imperfections in the algorithms we use for annotation. The solution here is to improve these algorithms.
Lemmatization of the DIA1900 Diachronic Corpus
Authors: Benešová Lucie , Pivoňková Klára , Stluka Martin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper focuses on the process of lemmatization of the upcoming Czech diachronic corpus of the second half of the 19th century, DIA1900. The article describes different approaches to the corpus lemmatization of synchronic written, spoken and diachronic corpora within the Czech National Corpus project, including single- and multilevel lemmatization and available tools used to link the variants.
Use of Computer and Corpus Tols in the Research of a 19th Century German -Language Manuscript Bok of Notes and Extracts
Authors: Braxatoris Martin , Braxatorisová Anita 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The study explores the possibilities of using computer and corpus tools in the interpretation of texts of the genre of book of notes and extracts; these are documents consisting of extracts and modified excerpts from contemporary press and literature, records of the author’s own thoughts, etc. Samuel Ferjenčík’s manuscript is a Germanlanguage document by a Slovak author intended for private use; cited or adapted passages are usually given without any reference to the source. The paper introduces the problems of automatic identification of the source base, which relate to the application of OCR and content similarity detection tools. It discusses the results of text matching, which revealed several manipulations of source texts, especially substitutions, indicating attitudes and priority problems in the author’s thought-world. It further interprets the results of the use of the Sketch Engine corpus manager tools by which the frequency of occurrence of key terms and their collocability were investigated, paying special attention to substituted words. The paper is an example of the application of computer and corpus-linguistics methods to the interpretation of literary texts, which is represented by a number of current studies in the field of digital humanities. The proposed approaches are applicable to research on other books of notes and extracts, topical in the context of research trends related to egodocuments, as well as to textual research on monu ments of other genres.
Is it Possible to Re-Educate Roberta? Expert-Driven Machine Learning for Punctuation Correction
Authors: Machura Jakub , Žižková Hana , Frémund Adam , Švec Jan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Although Czech rule-based tools for automatic punctuation insertion rely on extensive grammar and achieve respectable precision, the pre-trained Transformers outperform rule-based systems in precision and recall (Machura et al. 2022). The Czech pre-trained RoBERTa model achieves excellent results, yet a certain level of phenomena is ignored, and the model partially makes errors. This paper aims to investigate whether it is possible to retrain the RoBERTa language model to increase the number of sentence commas the model correctly detects. We have chosen a very specific and narrow type of sentence comma, namely the sentence comma delimiting vocative phrases, which is clearly defined in the grammar and is very often omitted by writers. The chosen approaches were further tested and evaluated on different types of texts.
Slovak Question Answering Dataset Based on the Machine Translation of the Squad V2.0
Authors: Staš Ján , Hládek Daniel , Koctúr Tomáš 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper describes the process of building the first large-scale machinetranslated question answering dataset SQuAD-sk for the Slovak language. The dataset was automatically translated from the original English SQuAD v2.0 using the Marian neural machine translation together with the Helsinki-NLP Opus English-Slovak model. Moreover, we proposed an effective approach for the approximate search of the translated answer in the translated paragraph based on measuring their similarity using their word vectors. In this way, we obtained more than 92% of the translated questions and answers from the original English dataset. We then used this machine-translated dataset to train the Slovak question answering system by fine-tuning monolingual and multilingual BERT-based language models. The scores achieved by EM = 69.48% and F1 = 78.87% for the fine-tuned mBERT model show comparable results of question answering with recently published machinetranslated SQuAD datasets for other European languages.
Analysis of the Similarities between Islamic Government Systems and Modern State Government Systems
Authors: Dzar Muhammad Abu 
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this study is to get an idea of how the principles in Islamic and modern government systems compare, both similarities and differences. Researchers use descriptive-qualitative research. Data obtained through literature reading, analyzed and critically compromised for further narrative description. This research uses descriptive-qualitative analysis, data and information about matters related to this research are studied, reviewed, classified carefully, then the analysis process is carried out by deduction, the analysis process takes place continuously from beginning to end with the aim of finding answers to the rumplations of problems carried by the research.Â Based on the analysis of this research data concludes that Â the leader in the early Islamic and contemporary government system is a powerful and influential figure, the establishment of the State of Medina on the basis of the agreement of diverse nations, this is the same as the establishment of many countries in the world today, the State of Medina is a state of law because it has a Medina Charter or Medina Constitution,Â as many countries in the world declare as State of law. Muhammad as a central figure has always been open in accepting the opinions of others for the benefit of the country, his style of government is fiber with domocracy. Muhammad also at one time became the leader of the State as well as the leader of the government and had full authority just like Â the current presidential system of government.
Implementatation of Religious Moderation in the Constitution and College : The Effectiveness of Socialization of the FSEI IAIN Constitutional Law Study Program in the 4.0 Era
Authors: Syah Mabrur , Agustian Tomi , Habiburrahman Habiburrahman , Sari Windi Puspitas 
Published: December 2023

Religious moderation is actually the key to creating tolerance and harmony, both at the local and national levels. Religious moderation should be understood as a balanced, non-exclusive, and tolerant religious attitude.Â In the midst of the strengthening of radical understanding among the younger generation, it is necessary to convey a narrative about Islam that is cool, tolerant and non-violent among students and university students. This study aims to find out (1) the Socialization Strategy of the Constitutional Law Study. The method used in Research is qualitative research. From the studies carried out it is known; First;Â The socialization strategy of the FSEI IAIN Curup Constitutional Law Study Program on Religious Moderation in the 4.0 era is to socialize to the community in collaboration with the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) of Rejang Lebong Regency by campaigning for the importance of Washatiyyah/moderate Islamic views for the plural Republic of Indonesia, through social media, (Fb, IG, Twitter, and YouTube). Second, the Effectiveness of the Introduction of the FSEI IAIN Constitutional Law Study Program Curup based on religious moderation in the 4.0 era is quite good with the increasing interest of prospective new students studying in the Constitutional Law study program, and the campaign about the importance of Washatiyyah/moderate Islamic views for the plural Republic of Indonesia is increasingly spread among students of the Constitutional Law Study Program through Social Media portals.