bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and perceptions about Cannabidiol use
Authors: Calleja Abigail , Szijj Janis Vella , Serracino-Inglott Anthony , Azzopardi Lilian M. 
Published: January 2024

Background: Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of the main cannabinoids present in the cannabis plant. The demand for CBD grew over time with more individuals consuming CBD products due to its potential therapeutic properties. Objectives: To assess the knowledge and perceptions of Maltese members of the public and health care professionals (HCPs) about CBD, one of the main cannabinoids present in the cannabis plant. Methods: Surveys aiming to assess the knowledge and perception of the public and HCPs about CBD were developed, validated and disseminated. Results: Four hundred members of the public and 150 HCPs completed questionnaires. Ninety-six percent of participants (n=384) agreed that CBD has a therapeutic effect. Respondents from the general public were mostly knowledgeable about CBD and its use, had positive perceptions in relation to CBD and like HCPs, feel more comfortable if CBD is recommended by HCPs. HCPs were not so knowledgeable about certain aspects on CBD. One hundred and twelve HCPs were not aware that there is only one FDA/EMA approved CBD-based product. HCPs would feel comfortable in prescribing CBD products for pain and insomnia and the majority of them (55%; n=83) believe that CBD has mostly an analgesic effect. Social stigma associated with the use of CBD and potential judgement of HCPs were barriers to CBD use. Conclusion: Increased research, knowledge and availability of prescribing information and guidelines related CBD use might lead to an increased willingness of HCPs to recommend CBD and lead to a decrease in potential barriers associated with its use.
Keywords: Cannabidiol, positive perceptions, pain and insomnia
Gum Arabic: Can it replace sodium fluoride in toothpaste? “Comparison of their antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans”
Authors: Elmubarak Nuha Abdel-Rahman , Ibrahim Yahia Eltayeb , Gareeballah Abbas , Sanhouri Nada 
Published: January 2024

Background: The effectiveness of fluoride in caries prevention isenhanced by its ability to reduce demineralization, promote remineralization, and antibacterial properties against streptococcus mutans. Interestingly, Gum Arabic has a remineralization effect similar to that of sodium fluoride.
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity of Gum Arabic processed by two methods against Streptococcus mutans and compare it to the antibacterial activity of various concentrations of sodium fluoride in order to compare their caries prevention capability.
Design: Antibacterial susceptibility tests for 200mg ethanolic extracts of mechanically ground and spray-dried Gum Arabic, as well as sodium fluoride at concentrations of 0.05% and 1.23% against S. mutans (ATCC 25175) were performed using the agar disc diffusion method. Chlorhexidine and Antibiotic multi-disc for gram-positive bacteria were used as positive controls, while ethanol 20% as a negative control. The diameters of the inhibition zones were measured for all the materials under investigation.
Results: The diameters of the inhibition zones of the spray-dried and the mechanically ground Gum Arabic were (10.67 mm & 9.67mm), respectively, almost approximating each other. In comparison, sodium fluoride (0.05% wash and 1.23% gel) showed inhibition zones of diameters (0mm& 2.33mm), respectively.
Gum Arabic, with both processing methods, exhibited significantly higher antibacterial activity against S. mutans than sodium fluoride (0.05%, 1.23%)
Conclusion: Gum Arabic, either mechanically ground or spray-dried, is a partially active antibacterial against S. mutans. Gum Arabic is a more potent antibacterial against S. mutans than sodium fluoride.
Keywords: Gum Arabic, Anti-caries, Sodium fluoride, Streptococcus mutans, Antibacterial activity
Indian Medicinal Plants with Multiple Pharmacological Efficacies: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Harish Krishnan , Sivasankaran Shanmugam Manoharan , Manoharan Shanmugam 
Published: January 2024

Medicinal herbs have long been utilized by numerous countries, ethnic groups, and cultures across the globe to treat various diseases since ancient times. A variety of phytochemicals, including alkaloids, tannins, carotenoids, proteins, chlorophyll, phytosterols, glycosides, phenols, flavonoids, and diterpenes, as well as minerals, vitamins and other crucial nutrients are abundantly found in medicinal plants. Medicinal plants and herbs are very useful for developing new drugs due to their potent pharmacological properties. Traditional Indian system of medicines consists of a wealth of information on medicinal plants, which contributed to developing therapies for communicable and non-communicable diseases. The present review summarizes the pharmacological characteristics such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antidiabetic, anticancer, antiulcer, hepatoprotective and cardioprotective effects of some valuable medicinal plants and herbs.
Keywords: Indian medicinal plants; Bioactive constituents; Pharmacological efficacies.
Formulation and In Vitro Evaluation of Niosomal Gel for The Topical Administration of Losartan Potassium
Authors: Marri Ruthika Ratna Veni , Nithisha Mandeti , Apurva Mamidipalli , Prasanthi Raghavarapu , Mamatha Tirunagari 
Published: January 2024

This study aims to develop and test a topical drug delivery system for antihypertensive activity using Losartan potassium-loaded niosomes. The niosomes were created using the traditional ether injection approach, with four formulations made using cholesterol as the lipid and varying quantities of surfactants such as span 80 and span 60. The different formulations underwent testing for FTIR, particle size, zeta potential, drug content, entrapment efficiency, and in vitro release. FTIR analysis revealed that the medication was incompatible with excipients. The study concludes by highlighting current obstacles and future possibilities for the development of niosomes as effective vehicles. Overall, this analysis provides insight into the potential of niosomes in medication delivery and encourages further research in this field.
Keywords: Losartan potassium, Antihypertensive, Niosomes, Tween 80 and Span 20
Effect of ethanolic stem-bark extract of Blighia unijugata on body and organ weight, biochemistry, and hematology in Sprague-Dawley rats
Authors: FIADJOE HOPE KORSHIE , Koffuor George Asumeng 
Published: January 2024

Introduction: While the efficacy of Blighia unijugata against various conditions has been scientifically validated, very little is known of its safety in normal rats. This study aimed to assess the toxic effects of the ethanolic stem bark extract of Blighia unijugata (EBU) on body and organ weight, biochemistry, and hematology of Sprague Dawley rats following repeated oral administration.
Method: Twenty (20) male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly selected into four groups (n = 5) and administered distilled water or EBU at doses of 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg respectively for 28 days. For each group, percentage changes in body and organ weight, serum lipid profile, fasting blood glucose levels, liver, and kidney functions, and the various hematological variables were determined.
Results: EBU treatment (50-200 mg/kg body weight) caused no significant changes (p>0.05) in the body weight and the relative organ weight of the heart, kidney, and spleen. Similarly, no significant changes (p>0.05) were observed in the lipid profile (Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, High-Density Lipoproteins, Low-Density Lipoproteins, and Very Low-Density Lipoproteins), fasting blood glucose, serum urea, creatinine, albumin, globulin, total protein, total bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and the hematological measures, except for a significant reduction (p ≤ 0.05) in Alkaline Phosphatase after treatment with 200 mg/kg EBU.
Conclusion: Overall, this investigation underscores that EBU administration did not cause significant effects on the evaluated parameters, suggesting relative safety within the experimental conditions. However, for potential clinical trials and human use, additional studies such as chronic toxicity assessments across diverse animal models and dosage ranges are recommended.
Keywords: Blighia unijugata; biochemistry, hematology, body weight, organ weight
Preterm Birth: A Review of Its Early Diagnosis and Prevention
Authors: MUPPA LEENA , Bhavadharini K. , Ramya A. , Bhavadharani R. 
Published: January 2024

Preterm birth, a major global healthcare concern, is characterized by infants being born before completing 37 weeks of gestation. Accurate diagnosis and effective interventions are critical to managing this complex issue. This abstract provides an overview of the diagnosis and prevention of preterm birth, focusing on risk assessment, diagnostic techniques, and various interventions for mothers and newborns. The diagnostic process involves evaluating risk factors, clinical history, and the assessment of potential membrane rupture. Techniques such as speculum examination, the Nitrazine test, the Fern test, ultrasonography, and the Placental Alpha Microglobulin-1 test play vital roles in identifying membrane rupture and infection. Additional diagnostic markers include cervical ultrasonography and fetal fibronectin testing. Prevention strategies include lifestyle changes, maternal therapies, and antenatal interventions. Smoking cessation programs, low-dose aspirin, antenatal corticosteroid therapy, progesterone supplementation, magnesium sulfate, and antibiotic treatment are employed to reduce the risk of preterm birth. Cervical cerclage, another surgical intervention, is recommended in specific cases.
For preterm newborns, immediate and effective care is vital. This includes thermal care, early breastfeeding, infection prevention, and respiratory distress syndrome management. These interventions are crucial in reducing infant mortality and morbidity associated with preterm birth. Efforts to diagnose and prevent preterm birth are essential in improving the well-being of both mothers and their newborns. A comprehensive approach, combining accurate diagnosis and effective interventions, can make a significant impact in reducing the burden of preterm birth on healthcare systems and families.
Keywords: Preterm birth, infants, gestation, potential membrane rupture
Formulation and Evaluation of Lipid Based Nanoparticles of Etravirine
Authors: Bala Tripura Sundari I , Subramanyam C.V.S 
Published: January 2024

Engineered nanoparticles have the potential to revolutionize the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases like HIV/AIDS. Etravirine is one of the key components of highly active antiretroviral therapy used for the treatment of HIV-1 infections. The aim of the present study was to formulate and evaluate nanostructured lipid carriers of etravirine, intended for targeted delivery to macrophages, using solvent emulsification - evaporation technique. Estimates of drug solubility were employed for selection of solid lipids, liquid lipids and stabilizers for the preparation of NLCs. Design of experiments was used to optimize the formulation with respect to drug-lipid ratio and concentration of stabilizer in the external phase using 32 full factorial design. Particle size of the carriers and drug release characteristics were the responses which were set to suitable levels for optimization. The optimized formulation was prepared and characterized for size, poly dispersity index, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency and appearance. The nanostructured lipid carriers of etravirine were prepared using stearylamine and glyceryl monostearate as solid lipids, Capryol 90 as liquid lipid and polyvinyl pyrrolidone as stabilizer. All experimental batches showed high drug loading efficiencies nearing 99%, indicating that etravirine remained closely associated with the lipids. The nanostructured lipid carriers displayed a zeta potential of -10.1 mv and a particle size of 261.6 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.374. In vitro release of etravirine from the optimized formulation at 2 h was 9% indicative of a low burst; and 56% of the entrapped drug was released after 24 h, suggesting prolonged release characteristics. Thus, etravirine loaded lipidic nanoparticles with potential for targeting cellular reservoirs of the AIDS virus such as macrophages were successfully developed.
Keywords: Etravirine, Nanostructured lipid carriers, full factorial design
PREVALENCE OF BLATEM, BLASHV, AND BLACTX-M GENES AMONG ESBL-PRODUCING ESCHERICHIA COLI ISOLATED FROM THE BLOOD SAMPLES OF ICUS PATIENTS OF UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS IN SANA'A CITY, YEMEN
Authors: Al-Tahish Ghamdan Ahmed Ali , Al-Yosaffi Eshtiaq A , Othman Arwa Mohammed , Al-Shamahy Hassan Abdulwahab , Al-Haddad Ahmed Mohammed , Al-Moyed Khaled Abdulkarim , Al-Shawkany Abdul-Al-Raoof Mohammad 
Published: January 2024

Aim and Objective: With the emergence of organisms such as Enterobacteriaceae that produce extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), which are resistant to multiple medications (multidrug-resistance), concerns about how best to treat infections have significantly increased. The current study examined the molecular features of ESBL in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli that resulted in bloodstream infections as well as the pattern of antibiotic resistance to gather useful data on the infection's epidemiology among Yemeni ICU patients.
Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on sepsis patients admitted in intensive care units at four hospitals in Sana'a, Yemen, between January, 2021 and April, 2022. Blood cultures were used on patients suspected of having sepsis. Standard laboratory procedures were then used to isolate and identify possible bacterial infections, and the disk diffusion method was used to test for microbial susceptibility. All strains were tested for Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) production using the Modified Double Disc Synergy Test (MDDST). Following analysis, polymerase chain reaction, β-lactamase genes (blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M) were identified.
Results: The results of the conventional PCR experiment revealed that 33.3% of the blaCTX-M genes, 0.0% of blaSHV, and 100% of blaTEM were present in the strains of ESBL-producing E. coli that were collected. It was discovered that the E. coli isolates' patterns of antibiotic resistance to 23 different antibiotics differed greatly. The bulk of the E. coli isolates were found to be multi-drug resistant (MDR). Furthermore, MDR characteristics were observed in 85% of E. coli isolates.
Conclusion: Control and surveillance of antibiotic resistance depend on an understanding of the resistance genes and patterns of antimicrobial resistance of bacterial pathogens within a given geographic area. The current study's findings showed that MDR was very common. According to the current study's findings, TEM was significantly more common than other ESBL gene types.

Peer Review History:
Received: 7 November 2023; Revised: 12 December; Accepted: 6 January 2024, Available online: 15 January 2024
Academic Editor: Dr. A.A. Mgbahurike, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, amaka_mgbahurike@yahoo.com
Received file: Reviewer's Comments:
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.5/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.0/10
Reviewers:
Dr. Rola Jadallah, Arab American University, Palestine, rola@aauj.edu
Dr. Wadhah Hassan Ali Edrees, Hajja University, Yemen, edress2020@gmail.com
BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS AMONG MALNOURISHED CHILDREN: CAUSES, ASSOCIATED FACTORS, AND OPHTHALMIC ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE PATTERNS OF COMMON BACTERIAL ISOLATES
Authors: Al-Eryani Sameha A. , Al-shamahi Essam Yahiya , Al-Shamahi Emad Hassan , Al-Shamahy Hassan Abdulwahab , Sharaf Mohammed Mohammed Ahmed 
Published: January 2024

Background and aims: More than 15 million children worldwide are thought to have one or more congenital or acquired visual impairments. If their immune system is defective due to poor nutrition, children are more susceptible to eye infections and other eye disorders. The ongoing, intense war and disruption of social services have had a clear impact on the overall health and nutritional status of children and the entire population in Yemen. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to study bacterial conjunctivitis in malnourished children by identifying bacterial causes and associated factors and determining patterns of ocular antibiotic resistance in bacterial isolates.
Subject and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the three selected places (Alkhpt hospital in Al-Kapt district, Al-Khamis hospital in Al-Khamisdistrict, and Al-Joumhori hospital in Al-Mahwatt city), from November 2022 until June 2023. The first clinical investigations of malnutrition and conjunctivitis were done by doctors in the hospitals and recorded in the pre-designed questionnaire. Collected eye swabs were investigated for bacteriological agents and antibiotic susceptibility according to standard laboratory methods in the National Center of Public Health Laboratories Sana’a (NCPHL).
Results:The study included 351 males (46.4%) and 406 females (53.6%). 143 children (18.9%) suffer from moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) and 55 (7.3%) from severe acute malnutrition (SAM), with total global acute malnutrition equal to 198 (26.2%).There was a highly significant association of bacterial conjunctivitis with MAM (OR=3.1, p<0.0001), SAM (OR=2.9, p<0.0001), and severe stunting (OR=2.2, p<0.0001).
Conclusions: The severity of acute malnutrition was very high in the study area, reaching a critical phase and exceeding the emergency threshold. The commonest causative organisms of bacterial conjunctivitis were S. aureus and Branhamella catarrahalis. Since there isn't a single medication that can effectively treat these diverse species of bacteria, it's best to look into bacteriological culture and in vitro antibiotic sensitivity.

Peer Review History:
Received: 3 November 2023; Revised: 11 December; Accepted: 9 January 2024, Available online: 15 January 2024
Academic Editor: Dr. Amany Mohamed Alboghdadly, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, amanyalboghdadly@gmail.com
Received file: Reviewer's Comments:
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewers:
Dr. Nkechi Obiofu Ezenobi, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, nkechi.ezenobi@uniport.edu.ng
Dr. Nicola Micale, University of Messina, Italy, nmicale@unime.it
A HOLISTIC PERSPECTIVE ON THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON THE GLOBAL POPULATION IN TERMS OF MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY RATES: IS HUMANITY READY TO FACE FUTURE PANDEMICS?
Authors: Eissa Mostafa Essam 
Published: January 2024

For now, the spotlight is turning away from the recent Corona epidemic, but this should not pass without some important lessons being learned. Knowing that the epidemic is continuing and spreading, with 662 million new cases recorded in the year 2023. The arms race between countries has led to increased investment in biological weapons, highlighting the military human participation in spreading epidemics. Despite scientific and technical progress, humanity is not equipped to deal with microbial epidemics, and therefore the safeguards taken by public health officials in combating epidemics must be re-evaluated. The current mortality rate for SARS-CoV-2 is low, but some other viral diseases have high mortality rates, so if a pandemic occurs due to it worldwide, as happened with COVID-19, it will be a disaster. The WHO database provides a comprehensive view of COVID-19 cases and deaths, enabling public health measures to be implemented globally according to a recent revision until the end of 2023. Major affected countries in terms of total morbidity and mortality include the USA, India, France, Germany, Brazil, Japan, Russia, Turkey, Spain, Viet Nam, Australia, China, Argentina, Mexico, Indonesia, Poland, Colombia, Austria, Portugal, Greece, Ukraine, Chile, and Malaysia. The Coronavirus appears to affect developed countries more than developing countries, but the efficiency in collecting cases affects the reliability of interpreting data in this way in general. Despite the progress made, much effort remains to be made to combat the disease in its mild form at this time. Modeling disease spread helps understand community characteristics and assists public health authorities with management and control measures. Collaboration and quantitative risk index projections are crucial for pandemic prevention and control.

Peer Review History:
Received: 24 October 2023; Revised: 13 November; Accepted: 22 December, Available online: 15 January 2024
Academic Editor: Dr. Sally A. El-Zahaby, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt, sally.elzahaby@yahoo.com
Received file: Reviewer's Comments:
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.5/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewers:
Prof. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, shmahe@yemen.net.ye
Dr. Ogbonna B. Onyebuchi, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria, summitpharm@yahoo.com
Analisis Penerapan Hygiene dan Sanitasi di Dapur Resort and SPA
Authors: Atmaja A A Gde Bayu , Yulianie Fatrisia 
Published: January 2024

Hygiene dan sanitasi adalah hal utama.yang harus diperhatikan.dalam operasional pengolahan makanan.di bagian dapur, semua pihak yang.terlibat dalam kegiatan.yang berhubungan.dengan pengolahan hingga penyaijian makanan turut serta dan peduli terhadap kebersihan.dan kesehatan. Sehingga pihak hotel dapat memenuhi.kepuasan dan kenyamanan tamu dalam menikmati makanan. Maka dari itu tujuan.penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penerapan.hygiene sanitasi didapur Wapa Di Ume Resort & Spa serta untuk mengetahui hambatan dalam pelaksanaan penerapan hygiene sanitasi di dapur Wapa Di Ume Resort & Spa. Teknik.pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik.wawancara,.observasi,.dan dokumentasi. Dalam teknik analisis data dalam.keterangan ini adalah.analisis.deskriptif.kualitatif. Hasil keterangan.menunjukan bahwa standar hygiene dan sanitasi belum sepenuhnya.diterapkan secara maksimal di.dapur Wapa Di Ume Resort & Spa, karena masih ada beberapa aspek yang belum dijalankan dengan benar. Hambatan yang dihadapi adalah perbedaan.kebiasaan dari setiap individu yang menyebabkan penerapan hygiene dan sanitasi tidak dapat diwujudkan secara maksimal.

Hygiene and sanitation are the.main things that must be considered in food processing.operations in the kitchen, all parties involved in activities related to processing to serving.food participate and care about cleanliness and health. So that the hotel can meet the satisfaction and comfort of guests in enjoying the food. Therefore, the purpose.of this study.was.to.determine the.application of.hygiene sanitation in Wapa's kitchen Di Ume Resort & Spa and to find out the.obstacles in implementing the implementation of sanitation hygiene in Wapa's kitchen Di Ume Resort & Spa. Data collection.techniques using.interviews, observation, and.documentation. The data analysis.technique.in this.research is descriptive.qualitative analysis. The.results.showed that hygiene and sanitation standards.have not been fully implemented optimally in the Wapa Di Ume Resort & Spa kitchen, because there are.still several aspects that have.not been carried.out properly. The obstacles faced are differences in the habits of each individual which causes the application of hygiene and sanitation to not be realized optimally.
Optymalne wyposażenie gospodarstw rolnych w ciągniki rolnicze
Authors: Kusz Dariusz , Zając Stanisław 
Published: January 2024

W pracy przedstawiono metodę wyznaczanie optymalnej strategii wyposażenia gospodarstwa rolnego w ciągniki rolnicze przy najniższych kosztach eksploatacji w zmiennym otoczeniu przyrodniczo-ekonomicznym. Wykazano, że optymalną strategią wyposażenia gospodarstwa rolnego w ciągniki rolnicze jest strategia S2, natomiast strategia S1 nie jest wskazana dla gospodarstw rolnych, zaś strategia S4 może być uznana za optymalną dla małych gospodarstw rolnych.