bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wales Infants’ and childreN’s Genome Service (WINGS): providing rapid genetic diagnoses for unwell children
Authors: Sloper Emily , Jezkova Jana , Thomas Joanne , Dawson Kestra , Halstead Joseph , Gardner Jennifer , Burke Katherine , Oruganti Sivakumar , Calvert Jennifer , Evans Jennifer , Anderson Sarah , Corrin Sian , Pottinger Caroline , Murch Oliver 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionThis study reviews the first 3 years of delivery of the first National Health Service (NHS)-commissioned trio rapid whole genome sequencing (rWGS) service for acutely unwell infants and children in Wales.MethodsDemographic and phenotypic data were prospectively collected as patients and their families were enrolled in the Wales Infants’ and childreN’s Genome Service (WINGS). These data were reviewed alongside trio rWGS results.ResultsFrom April 2020 to March 2023, 82 families underwent WINGS, with a diagnostic yield of 34.1%. The highest diagnostic yields were noted in skeletal dysplasias, neurological or metabolic phenotypes. Mean time to reporting was 9 days.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that trio rWGS is having a positive impact on the care of acutely unwell infants and children in an NHS setting. In particular, the study shows that rWGS can be applied in an NHS setting, achieving a diagnostic yield comparable with the previously published diagnostic yields achieved in research settings, while also helping to improve patient care and management.
Analysis and clinical determinants of post-COVID-19 syndrome in the Lombardy region: evidence from a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Borgonovo Fabio , Lovaglio Pietro Giorgio , Mariani Chiara , Berta Paolo , Cossu Maria Vittoria , Rizzardini Giuliano , Vittadini Giorgio , Capetti Amedeo Ferdinando 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveTo define macro symptoms of long COVID and to identify predictive factors, with the aim of preventing the development of the long COVID syndrome.DesignA single-centre longitudinal prospective cohort study conducted from May 2020 to October 2022.SettingThe study was conducted at Luigi Sacco University Hospital in Milan (Italy). In May 2020, we activated the ARCOVID (Ambulatorio Rivalutazione COVID) outpatient service for the follow-up of long COVID.ParticipantsHospitalised and non-hospitalised patients previously affected by COVID-19 were either referred by specialists or general practitioners or self-referred.InterventionDuring the first visit, a set of questions investigated the presence and the duration of 11 symptoms (palpitations, amnesia, headache, anxiety/panic, insomnia, loss of smell, loss of taste, dyspnoea, asthenia, myalgia and telogen effluvium). The follow-up has continued until the present time, by sending email questionnaires every 3 months to monitor symptoms and health-related quality of life.Primary and secondary outcome measuresMeasurement of synthetic scores (aggregation of symptoms based on occurrence and duration) that may reveal the presence of long COVID in different clinical macro symptoms. To this end, a mixed supervised and empirical strategy was adopted. Moreover, we aimed to identify predictive factors for post-COVID-19 macro symptoms.ResultsIn the first and second waves of COVID-19, 575 and 793 patients (respectively) were enrolled. Three different post-COVID-19 macro symptoms (neurological, sensorial and physical) were identified. We found significant associations between post-COVID-19 symptoms and (1) the patients’ comorbidities, and (2) the medications used during the COVID-19 acute phase. ACE inhibitors (OR=2.039, 95% CI: 1.095 to 3.892), inhaled steroids (OR=4.08, 95% CI: 1.17 to 19.19) and COVID therapies were associated with increased incidence of the neurological macro symptoms. Age (OR=1.02, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.04), COVID-19 severity (OR=0.42, 95% CI: 0.21 to 0.82), number of comorbidities (OR=1.22, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.5), metabolic (OR=2.52, 95% CI: 1.25 to 5.27), pulmonary (OR=1.87, 95% CI: 1.10 to 3.32) and autoimmune diseases (OR=4.57, 95% CI: 1.57 to 19.41) increased the risk of the physical macro symptoms.ConclusionsBeing male was the unique protective factor in both waves. Other factors reflected different medical behaviours and the impact of comorbidities. Evidence of the effect of therapies adds valuable information that may drive future medical choices.
Use of herbal medicine during pregnancy and associated factors among pregnant women with access to public healthcare in west Shewa zone, Central Ethiopia: sequential mixed-method study
Authors: Bekele Gemechu Gelan , Woldeyes Benyam Seifu , Taye Getu Melesie , Kebede Ermiyas Mulu , Gebremichael Delelegn Yilma 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveThis study was aimed at assessing the prevalence of herbal drug use among pregnant women with access to modern medicine and associated factors in public health facilities in the west Shewa zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia.DesignA sequential mixed-method study approach was carried out among pregnant women and other stakeholders.SettingThis study was conducted at public health facilities, including 3 public hospitals and 20 health centres, in the west Shewa zone of Ethiopia.ParticipantsA systematically selected sample of 411 pregnant women was participated in the quantitative study. For the qualitative method, focus group discussions and in-depth interviews were conducted among pregnant women attending antenatal care and key informants using an interview guide until data saturation was achieved.Primary outcomeFor outcome variables, the respondents were asked if they used any herbal medicine during their current pregnancy. It was then recorded as 0=no and 1=yes.ResultsThe prevalence of herbal medicines was found to be 19.7%. The most commonly used herbal medicines wereZingiber officinale,Ocimum gratissimum,Eucalyptus globules,Allium sativumandRutacha lepensis. Herbal medicine use during pregnancy was significantly associated with older maternal age (adjusted OR (AOR) 2.4, 95% CI 1.2 to 5.1), urban residence (AOR 2.3, 95% CI 1.3 to 3.7) and second trimester of pregnancy (AOR 2.3, 95% CI 1.3 to 4.5).ConclusionsIn this study, one in five pregnant women uses herbal medicine, which is relatively low. Sociodemographic factors and the duration of pregnancy affected the utilisation of herbal drugs during pregnancy. The most common herbals used by pregnant women were intended to treat minor disorders of pregnancy and medical disorders such as hypertension.
Outcomes for university students following emergency care presentation for deliberate self-harm: a retrospective observational study of emergency departments in England for 2017/2018
Authors: Campbell Catherine , Dodd Joe , Francetic Igor 
Published: February 2024

ObjectivesIdentify university-aged students and contrast their healthcare provision and outcomes with other patients in the same age group attending emergency departments for deliberate self-harm.DesignRetrospective cross-sectional observational study.SettingPatients visiting 129 public hospital emergency departments across England between April 2017 and March 2018.Participants14 074 patients aged 18–23 visiting emergency departments for conditions linked to deliberate self-harm, 1016 of which were identified as university-aged students.Outcome measuresWe study various outcomes across the entire patient pathway in the emergency department: waiting time to initial assessment on arrival at the emergency department, count of investigations delivered, discharge destination (patients refusing treatment or leave before being seen, referred to another provider or admitted to inpatient care, discharged with no follow-up) and unplanned follow-up visit within 7 days.ResultsWe find a statistically significant difference of 0.262 (−0.491 to –0.0327) less investigations delivered to students compared with non-students (about 8% compared with the baseline number of investigations for non-students). Stratified analyses reveal that this difference is concentrated among students visiting the emergency department outside of regular working hours (−0.485 (−0.850 to –0.120)) and students visiting for repeated deliberate self-harm episodes (−0.881 (−1.510 to –0.252)). Unplanned reattendance within 7 days is lower among students visiting emergency departments during out of hours (−0.0306 (−0.0576 to –0.00363)), while students arriving by ambulance are less likely to be referred to another provider (−0.0708 (−0.140 to –0.00182)) compared with non-students.ConclusionsWe find evidence of less-intense investigations being delivered to patients aged 18–23 identified as students compared with non-students visiting emergency departments after an episode of deliberate self-harm. Given the high risk of suicide attempts after episodes of deliberate self-harm among students, our findings may highlight the need for more focused interventions on this group of patients.
Protocol of a scoping review of outcome domains in dermatology
Authors: Nadir Umer , Ahmed Areeba , Yi Michael D , Hisham Farhana Ikmal , Dave Loma , Kottner Jan , Ezzedine K , Garg Amit , Ingram John R , Jemec Gregor Borut Ernst , Spuls Phyllis I , Kirkham Jamie J , Cahn Brian , Alam Murad 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionCore outcome sets (COSs) are agreed outcomes (domains (subdomains) and instruments) that should be measured as a minimum in clinical trials or practice in certain diseases or clinical fields. Worldwide, the number of COSs is increasing and there might be conceptual overlaps of domains (subdomains) and instruments within disciplines. The aim of this scoping review is to map and to classify all outcomes identified with COS projects relating to skin diseases.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a scoping review of outcomes of skin disease-related COS initiatives to identify all concepts and their definitions. We will search PubMed, Embase and Cochrane library. The search dates will be 1 January 2010 (the point at which Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET) was established) to 1 January 2024. We will also review the COMET database and C3 website to identify parts of COSs (domains and/or instruments) that are being developed and published. This review will be supplemented by querying relevant stakeholders from COS organisations, dermatology organisations and patient organisations for additional COSs that were developed. The resulting long lists of outcomes will then be mapped into conceptually similar concepts.Ethics and disseminationThis study was supported by departmental research funds from the Department of Dermatology at Northwestern University. An ethics committee review was waived since this protocol was done by staff researchers with no involvement of patient care. Conflicts of interests, if any, will be addressed by replacing participants with relevant conflicts or reassigning them. The results will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals, social media posts and promotion by COS organisations.
Early Immune Remodeling Steers Clinical Response to First-Line Chemoimmunotherapy in Advanced Gastric Cancer
Authors: An Minae , Mehta Arnav , Min Byung Hoon , Heo You Jeong , Wright Samuel J. , Parikh Milan , Bi Lynn , Lee Hyuk , Kim Tae Jun , Lee Song-Yi , Moon Jeonghyeon , Park Ryan J. , Strickland Matthew R. , Park Woong-Yang , Kang Won Ki , Kim Kyoung-Mee , Kim Seung Tae , Klempner Samuel J. , Lee Jeeyun 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Adding anti–programmed cell death protein 1 (anti–PD-1) to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/platinum improves survival in some advanced gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas (GEA). To understand the effects of chemotherapy and immunotherapy, we conducted a phase II first-line trial (n = 47) sequentially adding pembrolizumab to 5-FU/platinum in advanced GEA. Using serial biopsy of the primary tumor at baseline, after one cycle of 5-FU/platinum, and after the addition of pembrolizumab, we transcriptionally profiled 358,067 single cells to identify evolving multicellular tumor microenvironment (TME) networks. Chemotherapy induced early on-treatment multicellular hubs with tumor-reactive T-cell and M1-like macrophage interactions in slow progressors. Faster progression featured increased MUC5A and MSLN containing treatment resistance programs in tumor cells and M2-like macrophages with immunosuppressive stromal interactions. After pembrolizumab, we observed increased CD8 T-cell infiltration and development of an immunity hub involving tumor-reactive CXCL13 T-cell program and epithelial interferon-stimulated gene programs. Strategies to drive increases in antitumor immune hub formation could expand the portion of patients benefiting from anti–PD-1 approaches.

Significance:
The benefit of 5-FU/platinum with anti–PD-1 in first-line advanced gastric cancer is limited to patient subgroups. Using a trial with sequential anti–PD-1, we show coordinated induction of multicellular TME hubs informs the ability of anti–PD-1 to potentiate T cell–driven responses. Differential TME hub development highlights features that underlie clinical outcomes.
This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 695
Association Between Cardiovascular Event Type and Smoking Cessation Rates Among Outpatients With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: Insights From the NCDR PINNACLE Registry
Authors: Hejjaji Vittal , Ellerbeck Edward F. , Jones Philip G. , Pacheco Christina M. , Malik Ali O. , Chan Paul S. , Spertus John A. , Arnold Suzanne V. 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
It is unclear how the type of an atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) event potentially influences patients’ likelihood of smoking cessation.

METHODS:
Using 2013 to 2018 data from the US based National Cardiovascular Data Registry Practice Innovation and Clinical Excellence outpatient cardiac registry, we identified patients who were current smokers at a clinic visit and followed them over time for a subsequent ASCVD event. Self-reported smoking status was assessed at each consecutive visit and used to determine smoking cessation after each interim ASCVD event (myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass graft, stroke/transient ischemic attack, peripheral artery disease). We constructed separate multivariable Cox models with nonproportional hazards to examine the association of each interim ASCVD event with smoking cessation, compared with not having an interim ASCVD event. We estimated the relative association of ASCVD event type with smoking cessation using contrast tests. Analyses were stratified by presence versus absence of ASCVD at baseline.

RESULTS:
Across 530 cardiology practices, we identified 1 933 283 current smokers (mean age 62±15, male 54%, ASCVD at baseline 50%). Among the 322 743 patients who had an interim ASCVD event and were still smoking, 41 336 (12.8%) quit smoking by their first subsequent clinic visit, which was higher among those with baseline ASCVD (13.4%) as compared with those without baseline ASCVD (11.5%). Each type of ASCVD event was associated with an increased likelihood of smoking. Patients who had an myocardial infarction, underwent coronary artery bypass graft (hazard ratio, 1.60 [95% CI, 1.55–1.65]), or had a stroke or transient ischemic attack were more likely to quit smoking as compared with those who underwent elective percutaneous coronary intervention or had a new diagnosis of peripheral artery disease (hazard ratio, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.17–1.22]).

CONCLUSIONS:
Only 13% of patients reported smoking cessation after an ASCVD event, with the type of event being associated with the likelihood of smoking cessation, prompting the need for patient-centered interventions.
Neural and cognitive dynamics leading to the formation of strong memories: A meta-analysis and the SAM model
Authors: Kim Hongkeun 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The subsequent memory paradigm is a fundamental tool in neuroimaging investigations of encoding processes. Although some studies have contrasted remembered trials with forgotten ones, others have focused on strongly remembered trials versus forgotten ones. This study employed a meta-analytic approach to juxtapose the effects observed in the two types of contrast. Three distinct perspectives on memory formation—semantic elaboration, attentional focus, and hippocampal processing—yield diverse hypotheses about the regions responsible for the formation of strong memories. The meta-analysis yielded evidence supporting the attentional and semantic hypotheses while failing to substantiate the hippocampal hypothesis. The discussion section integrates these varied perspectives into a coherent view, culminating in the proposal of a model called the Significance-driven and Attention-driven Memory (SAM). Several pivotal postulates underpin the SAM model. First, it establishes a link between fluctuations in the trial-to-trial encoding performance and continuous variations in sustained attention. Second, the model contends that attention exerts a potent influence on both perceptual and semantic processing, while its impact on hippocampal processing remains moderate. Lastly, the model accentuates the heightened role of the hippocampus in significance-driven encoding, as opposed to attention-driven encoding. From a specific perspective, the model’s value lies in promoting a holistic understanding of the current extensive meta-analytic results. In a more comprehensive context, the model introduces an integrated framework that synthesizes various encoding-related cognitive and neural processes into a cohesive and unified perspective.
Atmospheric and Oceanic Factors Related to the Increasing Summer High Temperature Extremes on the Tibetan Plateau under the Background of Global Warming
Authors: Wang Zunya , Jiang Xingwen , Ke Zongjian , Song Yafang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The related atmospheric and oceanic factors are investigated in this analysis to understand the natural attributes responsible for the significant increase of the high temperature extremes (HTEs) on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) in summer. It is found that a stronger-than-normal South Asian high (SAH) and corresponding weaker-than-normal East Asian jet, an anomalous anticyclone and intensified midlevel westerly wind over the TP, and a more extensive, stronger, farther westward- and northward-stretching western Pacific subtropical high motivate more occurrences of HTEs over the TP on the interannual time scale. From 1961 to 2021, these crucial circulation patterns show a significant changing trend favorable for the occurrence of HTEs and thus contribute to its great increase. Further, the significant warmings of sea surface temperature (SST) in the tropical western Indian, northern North Pacific, and western North Atlantic Oceans make great contributions through different air–sea interactive processes as the Matsuno–Gill response, zonal vertical circulation cell, and mid- to high-latitude teleconnection wave train, respectively. Meanwhile, the interdecadal variability plays an important role. A breakpoint at the early twenty-first century is detected in the occurrence of summer HTEs on the TP. Both the crucial circulation patterns and the SST anomalies in the key oceanic regions experienced significant interdecadal transition to favor the occurrence of HTEs. In particular, the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) is significantly and positively correlated with the interdecadal variation of summer HTEs on the TP. The zonal teleconnection wave train triggered by AMO forms a stronger-than-normal SAH and strengthened midlevel westerly airflow over the TP, conducive to the increase of summer HTEs on the TP.
A Comparison of Smartphone-assisted and Computer Software Assisted Tracing with the Conventional Manual Method
Authors: Kastury Siddhartha , Kancherla Pavan , Reddy Sateesh Kumar , Chalasani Srikrishna 
Published: February 2024

Introduction In view of the increased use of computers and mobile technologies in orthodontics, there is a need for evaluating the accuracy of commercially available cephalometric software. Aim This study compares the accuracies of computer-assisted tracing, smartphone tracing with the manual method of tracing in the pre-treatment lateral cephalograms of the orthodontic patients. Materials and Methods A total of 100 cephalograms, both digital and hard copies, were collected from the records available in the department archives. Hard and soft copies were used for obtaining values of 17 parameters for comparison between different groups. i.e (Manual, NemoCeph®, AutoCeph®, CephNinja®, OneCeph®) Results No statistical significance between groups for SNA, SNB, ANB, FMA, SN-GoGn, U1-NA Angular,linear, L1-NB Angular, linear, IMPA and interincisal angle (p=0.798, 0.583, 0.895, 0.059, 0.140, 0.680, 0.161, 0.327, 0.906, 0.940, 0.789). A significant difference was seen for parameters Eff-Mx,Mn lengths and differential, L1-Occlusal plane, WITS, NLA.(p=0.000, 0.004, 0.018, 0.004, 0.025). Suggesting the possibility of use of software for tracing instead of manual method. Conclusions All the software (NemoCeph®, AutoCeph®, CephNinja®, OneCeph®)as well as applications performed satisfactorily and these can be used instead of manual tracing.
Reduced miR-99a-3p levels in systemic lupus erythematosus may promote B cell proliferation via NCAPG and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Zhu Qing-huan , Zhou Ya-li , Yang Meng , Yang Bin-bin , Cao Wen-ting , Yuan Li-mei , Deng Dan-qi 
Published: February 2024

Background Systemic lupus erythematosus is an immunologically dysregulated disease characterized by the presence of multiple autoantibodies. In SLE, B lymphocytes contribute to the dysregulated production of autoantibodies and cytokines. Recently, we discovered that miR-99a-3p binds to both EIF4EBP1 and NCAPG mRNA and that lowering miR-99a-3p can promote B cell autophagy in SLE by increasing EIF4EBP1 expression. However, the functions of miR-99a-3p and NCAPG in SLE have not been extensively investigated. Objective This work aims to evaluate the levels of miR-99a-3p and NCAPG expression in SLE B cells and to determine whether the aberrant expression of miR-99a-3p and NCAPG contributes to the pathological mechanisms in SLE. Methods B lymphocytes were obtained through immunomagnetic negative selection. Using RT-qPCR, miR-99a-3p and NCAPG mRNA expressions in B lymphocytes and in the BALL-1 cell line were measured. To determine the relative abundance of NCAPG, PI3K, p-PI3K, AKT, and p-AKT, we normalize them to the level of β-actin using Western blotting. Evaluation of miR-99a-3p and NCAPG’s impact on cell proliferation was done utilizing CCK-8 assay. Using flow cytometry, the cell cycle and apoptosis were both measured. Results Comparing SLE B cells to healthy controls, miR-99a-3p expression was significantly downregulated. Additionally, it was observed that SLE B cells had significantly higher NCAPG mRNA expression. Blocking miR-99a-3p expression in BALL-1 cells with an antagomir elevated NCAPG expression, facilitated PI3K/AKT pathway activation, improved cell proliferation, raised the fraction of S-phase cells, and prevented cell apoptosis. The opposite effects of upregulated miR-99a-3p levels on BALL-1 cells were observed by using an agomir. Furthermore, the effect of decreased miR-99a-3p expression on cell proliferation was partially mediated by elevating NCAPG levels and activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. Conclusion Our research indicates that lower miR-99a-3p expression in SLE B cells appears to boost B cell number via the NCAPG and PI3K/AKT pathways.