bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary low‐grade gastric mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma with polypoid appearance. Polypoid gastric MALT lymphoma: A clinicopathologic study of eight cases
Authors: Yokoi Takio , Nakamura Tsuneya , Kasugai Kunio , Yatabe Yasushi , Fujita Masahiro , Kuroda Makoto , Akaza Kayoko , Nomura Chisa , Hamajima Eiji , Suchi Taizan , Seto Masao , Hara Kazuo , Nakamura Shigeo 
Published: March 2003

In the current study, we report eight cases with primary low‐grade gastric mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma endoscopically characterized by polypoid lesions in order to highlight their clinicopathologic significance.Four patients were male, their ages ranging from 40 to 78 years old. The resected specimens revealed a histology of low‐grade MALT lymphoma characterized by dense lymphocytic infiltration predominantly in the submucosa and a relatively monotonous proliferation of centrocyte‐like cells with reactive follicles and infrequent lymphoepithelial lesions. The tumor cells were of CD5−, CD10−, CD20+, BCL2+ and cycline D1− phenotype, and showed a monoclonal rearrangement of immunoglobulin heavy chain genes in the five of six cases examined. Interestingly, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) was detected in three (37.5%) of the eight patients, which was significantly lower than previous reports. Two of the H. pylori‐positive cases initially underwent H. pylori eradication, but showed no change in their lymphomas after the cure of H. pylori infection. The clinicopathologic findings of the present cases appeared to closely resemble those of colorectal MALT lymphoma with a polypoid appearance and few association of H. pylori infection in their pathogenesis. These gastric polypoid cases may merit separate consideration because of the therapeutic problems they pose.
Abnormal pigmentation of schwannoma attributed to excess production of neuromelanin‐like pigment
Authors: Fukuda Takeaki , Igarashi Toshihiko , Hiraki Hiroyuki , Yamaki Toshifumi , Baba Kyoko , Suzuki Toshimitsu 
Published: March 2003

AbstractFive cases of non‐melanotic pigmented schwannoma with excess accumulation of neuromelanin are presented. The tumors were composed basically of spindle or fusiform tumor cells, compatible with those of classical schwannoma, together with varying numbers of tumor cells containing various amounts of light brown or grayish pigment. Fontana‐Masson stain demonstrated argentaffin granules in some tumor cells of each tumor and bleaching with potassium permanganate abolished argentaffin reaction. Ultrastructural examination demonstrated the granules contained fine particles with heterogeneous density, occasionally together with coarse granular materials or amorphous high‐density areas, indicating lysosome or autophagosome. Neither typical melanosomes nor neurosecretory granules were detected. In immunohistochemistry, neurogenic markers as well as CD68 were expressed in most tumor cells in each case and various numbers of tumor cells were positive for Leu7 and CD34. Lysozyme was also frequently positive in tumor cells, especially in granular cells. HMB45 was not expressed in any of the cases. These findings indicate that these cases are schwannomas with abnormal accumulation of neuromelanin‐like pigment.
NDP‐sugars, floridoside and floridean starch levels in relation to activities of UDP‐glucose pyrophosphorylase and UDP‐glucose‐4‐epimerase in Solieria chorda l is (Rhodophyceae) under experimental conditions
Authors: Goulard Fabienne , Le Corre Géraldine , Diouris Marcel , Deslandes Eric , Floc'h Jean‐Yves 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYUnder limited nutrient availability (i.e. unenriched sea‐water) and under 75 mol photons m–2 s–1 irradiance 12:12 LD, thalli of Solieria chordalis J. Agardh accumulated floridean starch and floridoside. When they were transferred into nutrient‐enriched seawater (150 umol L−1 NO31‐ and 7 umol L−1 P043i at 35 umol photons m−2 s−1 in irradiance 12:12 LD, starch and floridoside levels decreased. The main nucleotide diphosphate (NDP) sugars (i.e. UDP‐glucose, UDP‐galactose and ADP‐glucose) and the activities of UDP‐glucose pyrophosphorylase [Enzyme Code (EC) 2.7.7.9] and UDP‐glucose‐4‐epimerase (EC 5.1.3.2) were measured under these controlled culture conditions. Both UDP‐glucose and UDP‐galactose in the thal l i increased under conditions known to favor the accumulation of floridean starch and floridoside, whereas they decreased under conditions leading to floridean starch and floridoside breakdown. On the other hand, ADP‐glucose level only varied slightly. Although UDP‐glucose pyrophosphorylase activity rose under conditions of floridean starch synthesis, little variation was observed in UDP‐glucose‐4‐epimerase activity. These results suggest a possible enzymatic regulation of the NDP‐sugar and carbohydrate pool in which UDP‐glucose pyrophosphorylase would play a major role.
Research note: Identification of a cDNA homologous to the cell‐cycle‐controlling cdc2 gene in Acroslphonia duriuscula (Acrosiphoniales, Chlorophyta)
Authors: Kato Atsushi , Aruga Hirofumi , Mototnura Taizo 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYCyclin‐dependent kinases, the most notable of which is cdc2, are key regulators of the cell cycle and are highly conserved in evolution. We have cloned and analyzed one cDNA containing an open reading frame of 337 amino acids from a multinucleate, multicellular green alga, Acrosiphonia duriuscula (Ruprecht) Collins. The deduced protein, named Adcdc2‐1, showed 51% and 54% amino acid sequence identity to yeast cdc2/cdc28 and human cdc2, respectively. Several domains that characterize the cdc2‐related kinases were identified from this sequence, although the PSTAIRE motif was replaced with PPTTIRE. Furthermore, this protein has conserved Tyr and Thr residues that are sites of phosphorylation in cdc2‐related kinases and are important for regulating kinase activity. The present results suggest that the universal cdc2 is conserved in algae with unique structural characteristics.
The breathing route dependence of ventilatory responses to hypercapnia and exercise is modulated by upper airway resistance
Authors: Shi Yong‐Xin , Seto‐Poon Margaret , Wheatley John R 
Published: March 2003

Objective:The ventilatory response to hypercapnia is greater breathing orally than nasally. Methodology: We hypothesize that this is due to higher nasal resistance to airflow compared with oral resistance. Seven normal male subjects were studied during both progressive hyperoxic hypercapnia (HC) and exercise (EX) until ventilation exceeded 40 L/min. Under each condition, subjects breathed via the nose only or the mouth only. For each breathing route, ventilation and pathway resistance were calculated simultaneously at the highest common exercise workload (140 ± 20 watt; mean ± SE) or the same end‐tidal CO2 level (8.0 ± 0.5%). Results: The ventilatory response breathing nasally was decreased by a similar amount for both EX and HC when compared with the oral route. The difference between nasal and oral ventilation was highly correlated with the difference between nasal resistance and oral resistance for both EX and HC (linear regression analysis; r = 0.91 for EX and r = 0.86 for HC; both P < 0.01). Conclusion: We conclude that the breathing route dependence of ventilatory responses to respiratory stimuli in normal subjects is independent of the method of stimulation and is substantially determined by the added resistance of nasal breathing.
Biased T cell receptor Vβ gene expression in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from Japanese patients with sarcoidosis
Authors: Yoshitomi Atsushi , Sato Atsuhiko , Hayakawa Hiroshi , Chida Kingo , Toyoshima Mikio , Uchijima Masato , Yoshida Atsushi , Koide Yukio 
Published: March 2003

Objective:Sarcoidosis is believed to be one of the T cell‐mediated granulomatous diseases with unknown aetiology. We attempt to search for the causative T cell clones of sarcoidosis. Methods: We study T cell receptor β‐chain variable region (Vβ) repertoire in peripheral blood (PB) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from patients with sarcoidosis, using semi‐quantitative reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction method. The expression of 22 kinds of Vβ genes is examined in 17 patients with sarcoidosis and nine normal subjects. Results: Compared with control subjects, the group with sarcoidosis exhibits significantly high expressions of the Vβ2 (P < 0.005, Wilcoxon’s test) and Vβ6 (P = 0.005) genes in BALF. In each BALF sample, the Vβ2 (P < 0.01, χ2 test) and Vβ6 (P < 0.01) genes were overexpressed (> 2 SD above the mean value for each Vβ observed in control subjects) in 11 and 10 of 17 patients with sarcoidosis, respectively. Furthermore, the amino acid sequences of Vβ6+ complementarity determining region 3 were conserved in one of three patients. There is, however, no disposition of Vβ gene usage in PB from patients with sarcoidosis compared with control subjects. Conclusions: The T lymphocytes with Vβ2 and/or Vβ6 are associated with the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis. The possibility exists that these T lymphocytes might be capable of recognizing the restricted antigens, thereby inducing oligoclonal expansion.
Flow–volume curve changes in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea and brief upper airway dysfunction
Authors: Campbell Alastair H , Guy Paul A , Rochford Peter D , Worsnop Christopher J , Pierce Robert J 
Published: March 2003

Objective:Patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and those with brief upper airway dysfunction (BUAD) have been reported to have abnormalities of maximal flow–volume curves. This study was designed to assess the ability of flow–volume curves to predict the presence of OSA or BUAD. Methodology: Four maximal flow–volume manoeuvres performed by 33 OSA patients and 16 BUAD patients were compared with those of 36 normal subjects. Flow–volume indices, their variability, saw‐toothing in the curve and an algorithm based on the flow ratios and shape of the curves were assessed. Results: When the confounding factors, body mass index (BMI), age, gender and smoking status were taken into account, there was no significant difference in a variety of indices derived from the flow–volume curves between OSA and normal subjects. No BUAD patient had normal flow–volume curves as determined with the algorithm. After BMI, age, gender and smoking status were accounted for, decreased forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), and increased variability of peak expiratory flow (PEF)/peak inspiratory flow (PIF) and FEV1/PEF remained significantly associated with BUAD. Conclusions: These findings suggest that flow–volume curve indices have no value in predicting OSA. Some abnormalities are found in patients with BUAD; a normal flow–volume curve makes the diagnosis of BUAD unlikely.
The effect of intratracheal pulmonary ventilation on the decrease of dead space in rabbits with acute respiratory failure
Authors: Lee Kook Hyun , Kim Jie Ae , Cho Hyun Sung 
Published: March 2003

Objective:A technique that improves the efficiency of alveolar ventilation should decrease the pressure required and reduce the potential for lung injury during mechanical ventilation. High partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) can be tolerated if associated with a lower airway pressure as in permissive hypercapnia (PH). Intratracheal pulmonary ventilation (ITPV) was developed to allow a decrease in physiological dead space during mechanical ventilation. We compared the effect of hybrid ventilation (HV) as a modification of ITPV with PH on the decrease of tidal volume and airway pressures in rabbits with acute respiratory failure. Methodology: Tracheostomy was performed in seven rabbits ventilated under volume‐controlled mode in the supine position. Arterial blood gas analysis, airway pressures, and dead space ventilation were measured at respiratory rates of 20/min as control values. Oleic acid (OA) of 0.06 mL/kg was injected to induce acute respiratory failure. Tidal volume (VT) was elevated to maintain PaCO2 in the normal range. These same parameters were measured as OA values. Then VT was reduced to the control level to allow PH. Hybrid ventilation was initiated by inserting a reverse thrust catheter (RTC) into the endotracheal tube. Hybrid ventilation consists of a pressure‐controlled mode of mechanical ventilation and ITPV while flushing fresh gas continuously via the RTC. Respiratory parameters were compared under control, OA, PH and HV conditions. Results: Oleic acid injection decreased partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) from 401 ± 35 mmHg to 129 ± 39 mmHg, increased VT from 42 ± 5 mL to 52 ± 10 mL, and increased dead space (VD)/VT ratio from 0.65 ± 0.07 to 0.71 ± 0.07. During PH, the increase in PaCO2 was accompanied by an increase in VD/VT ratio from 0.71 ± 0.07 to 0.79 ± 0.03 and by a decrease of peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) from 19.4 ± 4.0 cmH2O to 16.8 ± 3.1 cmH2O. PaCO2 was lowered from 50 ± 5 mmHg in PH to 39 ± 5 mmHg in HV with a lower VT. VD/VT ratio in HV which was as low as that in control. Conclusions: Hybrid ventilation is an effective and easy‐to‐use ventilatory modality to reduce PaCO2 and airway pressures by the reduction in VD/VT ratio in acute respiratory failure model.
Bronchial responsiveness to beta‐adrenergic stimulation and enhanced beta‐blockade in asthma
Authors: Boskabady Mohammad Hossen , Snashall Phyllip Duglas 
Published: March 2003

Objective:Beta‐adrenergic blocking drugs have no effect on the airways of normal subjects but in asthma even small doses may cause severe deterioration. A seemingly obvious explanation for this abnormal sensitivity is that asthmatic airways, but not normal airways, are tonically dilated by the sympatho‐adrenal system. However, studies suggest that sympatho‐adrenal activity is normal in asthma, as is bronchial sensitivity to β‐agonists. The present study re‐examines bronchial β‐adrenergic sensitivity in asthma and also measures antagonism produced in normal and asthmatic bronchi by a beta‐blocking drug. Methodology: The threshold bronchodilator doses of inhaled isoprenaline (dose required for a 35% increase in specific airway conductance ‘PD35’) was measured in 11 normal and 14 asthmatic adults on two separate occasions. After administering propranolol (inhaled or intravenously) PD35 was remeasured. Results: Sensitivity to isoprenaline was greater in symptomatic asthmatics (PD35 = 0.003 μmol) than in asymptomatic asthmatics (PD35 = 0.021 μmol) and in non‐asthmatics (PD35 = 0.123 μmol; P < 0.001 in each case). Symptomatic asthmatics also showed 66‐fold more antagonism than non‐asthmatics when they were given propranolol by inhalation (P < 0.001) and sixfold more with intravenous propranolol (P = 0.005). Conclusions: The increased sensitivity of asthmatics to inhaled isoprenaline suggests that they may also be more sensitive to their endogenous adrenaline, which may thus dilate and stabilize their airways. Taken with enhanced antagonism by propranolol, this provides insight into the aggravation of asthma by beta‐blocking drugs.
Seasonal variation in asthma hospitalizations and death rates in New Zealand
Authors: Kimbell‐Dunn Mona , Pearce Neil , Beasley Richard 
Published: March 2003

Objective:The aim of this study was to determine if there is a seasonal pattern to asthma hospitalizations and mortality in New Zealand.Methodology:Data for an 18–20 year period were obtained for the whole of New Zealand regarding the number of asthma deaths and hospital discharges in each month, as well as annual population totals (1978–1995 for asthma hospitalizations, 1976–1995 for asthma deaths). Monthly mortality and hospital discharge rates were calculated for the age groups 5–14, 15–44, and those aged 45 years and older. Variation about the mean monthly rates was plotted along a linear timescale to observe the seasonal trend.Results:In the oldest age group (45+), asthma mortality and hospitalization rates peaked in the winter months (July/August). Among the younger age groups, however, mortality and hospitalizations showed different seasonal patterns; peak hospitalization occurred in the early winter months, with peak mortality in the early summer months.Conclusions:Seasonal variations in the asthma hospitalization and death rates in New Zealand are similar to those from the Northern Hemisphere. The peak mortality in summer for the younger age groups is paralleled by a reduction in hospitalizations in this period, indicating that the increase in mortality may be due to problems of access to medical care.
Budesonide reduces sensitivity and reactivity to inhaled mannitol in asthmatic subjects
Authors: BRANNAN JOHN D. , KOSKELA HEIKKI , ANDERSON SANDRA D. , CHAN H. KIM 
Published: March 2003

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate whether treatment using inhaled corticosteroids decreases airway responsiveness to inhaled mannitol in asthmatic subjects.Methodology: Before treatment or a change in treatment with inhaled corticosteroids, 18 asthmatic subjects had measurements of lung function and airway sensitivity to mannitol taken and they completed a self‐administered questionnaire on asthma symptoms. The procedure was repeated 6–9 weeks after taking 800–2400 μg/day of budesonide.Results: There were significant reductions in airway sensitivity (provoking dose to induce
a 15% fall in FEV1 (PD15)) and airway reactivity measured
by the response dose ratio (RDR; final percentage fall FEV1/total dose
of mannitol administered). The PD15 (Gmean (95%CI)) increased
from 78 mg (51, 117) before treatment to 289 mg (202, 414) following treatment (P
< 0.001). All subjects had a significant increase beyond the repeatability of
0.9 doubling doses with seven subjects becoming unresponsive. There was a 4.2 (3.4,
4.9)‐fold improvement in the RDR with the value before the treatment period 0.18
(0.12, 0.28) decreasing to 0.04 (0.03, 0.08) following treatment (P < 0.001). These improvements were associated with significant improvements in lung function and symptom severity.Conclusion: Treatment with the inhaled corticosteroid budesonide caused a decrease in airway sensitivity and reactivity to inhaled mannitol and this was associated with expected improvements in lung function and symptoms.
Prevalence of asthma symptoms among the adult population in the city of Mashhad (north‐east of Iran)
Authors: BOSKABADY Mohammad Hossein , KOLAHDOZ Gholam Hassan 
Published: March 2003

Objective: Although there is evidence of worldwide variation in the prevalence of asthma, the prevalence of asthma in adult populations in Iran is not known.Methods: We studied the prevalence of asthma symptoms among the adult population (aged 20 years and over) in the city of Mashhad using a questionnaire. A total of 5579 subjects, comprising 2835 males and 2744 females, were interviewed by trained medical students. The following were used as asthma symptoms in the questionnaire: recurrent wheeze, recurrent cough or tightness at rest, night cough and wheeze or cough during exercise. Subjects with two symptoms or who had been previously diagnosed with asthma were considered as having asthma.Results: The results showed that 158 subjects (2.8%), comprising 69 males (2.4%) and 89 females (3.2%), had asthma. The proportion of subjects with a family history of asthma (40.5%), a history of allergy (43.7%) and a smoking habit (24.5%) was significantly higher than in normal subjects. Of the subjects determined to have asthma, 120 (76%) had been previously diagnosed as having asthma and were under treatment. However, only 65 subjects (41.1%) were currently under treatment.Conclusion: These results suggested a 2.8% prevalence of asthma among the adult population in the city of Mashhad, most of whom had been previously diagnosed and were under treatment.
New Perspectives in Pollination Biology: Floral Fragrances. A day in the life of a linalool molecule: Chemical communication in a plant‐pollinator system. Part 1: Linalool biosynthesis in flowering plants
Authors: Raguso Robert A. , Pichersky Eran 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe monoterpene alcohol, linalool, is present in the floral fragrance of diverse plant families and is attractive to a broad spectrum of pollinators, herbivores and parasitoids. Floral emission of linalool has evolved de novo in the fragrant, moth‐pollinated annual Clarkia breweri (Gray) Greene (Onagraceae) through a combination of up‐regulation and ectopic expression of its biosynthetic enzyme, linalool synthase (LIS), in conjunction with allometric size increases in all floral organs. Linalool synthase activity and linalool emissions are 1000‐fold lower in a sibling species, C. concinna (Fischer & Meyer) Greene, that is diurnally pollinated. Linalool synthase expression is spatially and temporally regulated during C. breweri flower development, immediately precedes free linalool emission and is absent from nonfloral tissues. Its activity is highest in the style, but most of the linalool product appears to be converted to the pyranoid and furanoid linalool oxides. The LIS structural gene is a member of the terpene synthase gene family, sharing sequence identity with two discrete classes, represented by limonene synthase (LMS) and copalyl pyrophosphate synthase (CPS). Genetic crosses between C. breweri and C. concinna indicate that strong linalool emission segregates as a dominant mendelian trait, whereas the inheritance of linalool oxide formation is more complex, suggesting epistatic biosynthetic pathway interactions. We discuss areas for future research, including comparative studies of linalool biosynthesis in different plant families, entrainment of linalool emission to nocturnal circadian rhythms and the induction of vegetative linalool as an indirect herbivore defense.
Regulation of CD31 expression and interleukin‐4 production by human cord blood CD4+ T cells with interleukin‐4 and interleukin‐7
Authors: Katamura, Kenji , Fukui, Tetsuya , Kiyomasu, Takahiro , Ohmura, Kayo , Iio Jun , Ueno Hideki 
Published: March 2003

Abstract

Background
: T helper 2 cell type cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)‐4 and IL‐5, play pivotal roles in the development of allergic diseases. However, the mechanism by which naive CD4+ T cells acquire the ability to produce these cytokines remains unclear. Recently, it was reported that IL‐7 induces the ability to produce IL‐4 as well as interferon (IFN)‐γ and IL‐5 in naive CD4+ T cells without TCR stimulation. To further analyze the mechanism of acquiring IL‐4‐producing ability by naive CD4+ T cells, the effects of IL‐7 on human cord blood CD4+ T cells were compared with those of IL‐4, which induced the ability to produce IFN‐γ but not IL‐4.
Results
: Interleukin‐7 preserved the population of CD4+CD31– T cells in cord blood and induced their IL‐4‐producing ability without T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation, while IL‐4 induced CD31 on CD31– T cells and could not induce their IL‐4‐producing ability. Both the CD31‐inducing effect and the inhibitory priming effect for IL‐4‐production by IL‐4 were also observed after cord blood CD4+ T cells had been primed with IL‐7 and acquired the IL‐4‐producing ability.
Conclusions
: Interleukin‐7 induced the IL‐4‐producing ability in naive CD4+CD31– T cells without TCR stimulation, suggesting that the signal transduction via CD31 may have an inhibitory effect on the acquisition of the IL‐4‐producing ability by cord blood CD4+ T cells in the absence of TCR stimulation.