bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing Symptomatic Hypocalcemia Risk After Total Thyroidectomy: A Prospective Study
Authors: Košec Andro , Gašić Ana , Hergešić Filip , Rašić Ivan , Košec Vesna , Bedeković Vladimir 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction The most common postoperative complication of total thyroidectomy is hypocalcemia, usually monitored using serum parathyroid hormone and calcium values.
Objective To identify the most accurate predictors of hypocalcemia, construct a risk assesment algorithm and analyze the impact of using several calcium correction formulas in practice.
Methods A prospective, single-center, non-randomized longitudinal cohort study on 205 patients undergoing total thyroidectomy. Parathyroid hormone, serum, and ionized calcium were sampled post-surgery, with the presence of symptomatic or laboratory-verified asymptomatic hypocalcemia designated as primary outcome measures.
Results Parathyroid hormone sampled on the first postoperative day was the most sensitive predictor of symptomatic hypocalcemia development (sensitivity 80.22%, cut-off value ≤2.03 pmol/L). A combination of serum calcium and parathyroid concentration sampled on the first postoperative day predicted the development of hypocalcemia during recovery with the highest sensitivity and specificity (94% sensitivity, cut-off ≤2.1 mmol/L, and 89% specificity, cut-off ≤1.55 pmol/L, respectively). The use of algorithms and correction formulas did not improve the accuracy of predicting symptomatic or asymptomatic hypocalcemia.
Conclusions The most sensitive predictor of symptomatic hypocalcemia present on the fifth postoperative day was PTH sampled on the first postoperative day. The need for algorithms and correction formulas is limited.
60 Years of Michigan Plastic Surgery
Authors: Berberoglu Ipek , Burke Katherine L. , Gilman Robert H. , Kasten Steven , Cederna Paul S. , Kemp Stephen W.P. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn 1964, the Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at the University of Michigan opened its doors to future surgeons and leaders in the field. Today, we are celebrating the 60-year history of the program and its significant contributions to the field. Beginning under the leadership of Reed O. Dingman, MD, DDS, the program began with three faculty members and two independent surgical residents. Since that time, it has expanded dramatically to include 24 faculty members and 28 integrated plastic surgery residents. The goals of the program have always been to achieve excellence in all three of our academic missions including clinical care, teaching, and research. Annually, the program sees an average of 35,000 outpatient clinic visits, 4,000 major operations, 200 peer-reviewed publications, $5,000,000 in research spending, and residents who are well trained and highly competitive for fellowships of their choosing every single year. Through scientific collaborations, academic exchanges, and medical missions, the program's influence has spread beyond Michigan, reaching the entire world. In addition to training world-renowned surgeons, Michigan's faculty and graduates have assumed leadership roles in prestigious professional organizations, scientific journals, and research foundations. In this article, we explore the roots of the program and reflect on six decades of impact, innovation, and inspiration.
Image-Guided Transrectal Drainage of Pelvic Abscesses in Children
Authors: Santiago Jose , Surnedi Murali , Padua Horacio M. , Shaikh Raja , Chewning Rush , Alomari Ahmad I. , Chaudry Gulraiz 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objective To describe our technique and share our experience with image-guided transrectal drainage (TRD) of pelvic abscesses in children.
Materials and Methods Retrospective review and analysis of indications for image-guided TRD and examination of procedural outcomes in pediatric patients with pelvic abscesses over 8 years.
Results A total of 69 patients (33 males and 36 females) with symptomatic pelvic abscesses underwent image-guided TRD. The median age and weight of the patients were 11.5 years (range, 3–18) and 46.8 kg (range, 15.1–118.0), respectively. The etiologies of the pelvic abscesses were perforated appendicitis (72.5%) and post-operative collections (27.5%). All patients presented with abdominal pain. Fever, emesis, and diarrhea were also common symptoms. The size of the pelvic abscesses ranged from 24.0 to 937.1 mL (median, 132.7). Technical success was achieved in 68 of 69 TRD procedures (98.6%). Clinical improvement was observed in all patients with technically successful TRD. The TRD catheter dwell time ranged from 0 to 10 days (median, 4.0). Most patients who underwent TRD for perforated appendicitis subsequently underwent elective appendectomy after the resolution of the pelvic abscess (84.0%). The median time from TRD to elective appendectomy was 2.8 months (range, 0.3–6.1). There were no procedure-related complications.
Conclusion Image-guided TRD is a safe and effective procedure with high technical and clinical success rates for the treatment of pelvic abscesses in children.
Masculinization of the Chest in Transmen with Large Breasts
Authors: Balakrishnan Thalaivirithan Margabandu , Kumar Shramya Shodhan , Aruchamy M. , Begum U. Rasheedha , Sridharan M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background and Objectives Surgery to masculinize the chest is a frequently sought-after procedure by transmen who wish to conform their physical appearance to their gender identity. In our study, the outcomes of surgical masculinization comprising subcutaneous mastectomy through a modified elliptical incision, liposuction, reduced inert nipple–areola grafting, and quilting stitches were analyzed.
Materials and Methods Thirty-two transmen with large breasts and hypertrophied nipples and areolae underwent the above-mentioned masculinizing procedure in this prospective cohort study. Our statistically validated institutional aesthetic outcome assessment score (IAOAS) was used to analyze the outcomes at the end of the follow-up period.
Results The average period of follow-up was 24.5 months. The average final IAOAS was 23.1. The rate of complications was found to be associated with using breast binders. In all, 22 of 32 patients (68.75%) had an excellent outcome score, while 10 patients (31.25%) had a good outcome score (p = 0.025).
Conclusion Top surgery is crucial for transmasculine patients to achieve their desired gender identity as males. It is imperative that this procedure is performed to their complete satisfaction. Our single-staged comprehensive approach of subcutaneous mastectomy and liposuction with reduced inert nipple and areola grafts, which aids in a swift transition to a male role, is a prerequisite for bottom surgery at our institute.
TV simultaneous interpreting of proper nouns from English to Arabic in King Charles III’s speeches
Authors: Al-Jabri Hanan , Ali Sukayna , Alhasan Ghadeer 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper aims to explore the interpreting strategies which were employed by TV interpreters to render English proper nouns (PNs) into Arabic. The data of the study comprise PNs detected in King Charles III’s political speeches along with their Arabic renditions produced live by three TV interpreters working for Al Jazeera, Sky News Arabic, and France 24. The study embarks on a qualitative and quantitative approach to achieve its aim. Based on the classification of PNs carried out by Särkkä (2007), PNs found in the English speeches are categorized in terms of their internal syntactic structure into central PNs (CPNs), extended PNs (EPNs), and descriptive PNs (DPNs). The Arabic renditions of PNs are analysed aiming to find a correlation between the category of the proper noun (PN) and the employed strategy. Based on Kalina’s (1992) typology of interpreting strategies, the results indicate that TV interpreters in many cases resorted to emergency strategies, such as omission and compression, to deal with different categories of PNs. The former strategy is particularly evident in dealing with CPNs while the latter appears mostly in DPNs. Aside from emergency strategies, transliteration is frequently used by TV interpreters to render CPNs while the strategy of transliteration plus translation is dominant in rendering EPNs.
Symbiotic can replace zinc bacitracin in diets for layer-type chicks
Authors: Silva D. A. , Rabello C. B. V. , Santos M. J. B. , Nascimento J. C. S. , Ribeiro A. G. , Soares E. S. R. , Manso H. E. C. C. C. , Souza L. F. A. , Medeiros-Ventura W. R. L. , Silva Junior R. V. , Andrade M. F. 
Published: February 2024

Context Antibiotics are being prohibited as additives in poultry diets. Therefore, poultry farmers have been searching for other alternatives, such as symbiotics, to include in broilers and laying hens diets. In contrast, symbiotics have not been tested in laying-type chicks, especially symbiotics composed of three groups of bacteria, yeast and two prebiotics. Aim This study examined the effects of replacing zinc bacitracin with symbiotic supplementation on the performance variables, haematology and blood biochemistry variables, and the weight of the immune and digestive systems in layer-type chicks. Methods A total of 1040 female layer-type chicks from 1 to 5 weeks of age were evaluated in a completely randomised design, four treatments and 10 replicates of 26 birds. The treatments consisted of two basal diets (one composed of corn and soybean meal [control diet] and another similar to the first diet, except with the addition of meat and bone meal [MBM]), and two diets based on MBM: one with 0.05% zinc bacitracin (ZnBc) and another with 0.1% symbiotic. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and means were compared by orthogonal contrasts. Key results MBM provided higher mean bodyweight, weight gain and creatinine levels, but lower liver weight, caecum length and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels than in the birds fed the control diet. From 1 to 14 days, ZnBc provided greater bodyweight and weight gain than MBM. From 1 to 28 and 1 to 35 days, ZnBc resulted in higher bodyweight and weight gain, but lower feed intake and feed conversion ratio than birds fed the MBM diet. ZnBc decreased alkaline phosphatase, and increased creatinine levels and gamma-glutamyl transferase. From 1 to 14 and 1 to 21 days, 0.1% symbiotic provided a better feed conversion ratio than in the birds fed the ZnBc diet. The 0.1% symbiotic supplementation resulted in lower liver and fabricius bursa weights, higher mean alkaline phosphatase, and lower globulin, gamma-glutamyl transferase and aspartate transferase levels than ZnBc. Conclusion The symbiotic is effective for female layer type-chicks, fulfilling the purpose of replacing ZnBc. Implications Symbiotics used in chicks’ diets from the first day of life can replace antibiotics to maintain physiological homeostasis and protect them from possible stress situations.
The sole relative marker
Authors: Huang Xinjunrong , Tsai Cheng-Yu Edwin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The exclusive expression weiyi ‘sole/only’ in Mandarin can appear preverbally in a relative
clause (e.g., wo weiyi xihuan de shu ‘the sole book I like’) but not in other types of clauses (e.g., *Wo
weiyi xihuan shu, intended: ‘I only like books’). This paper first justifies the claim that weiyi
may not only function as an adjectival modifier but also appear preverbally inside a relative clause, and then demonstrates how
weiyi is related to definiteness and takes scope out of a relative clause. It is proposed that preverbal
weiyi is part of a DP which undergoes overt A’-movement in the process of relativization. The syntactic
structure and semantic composition of a matching analysis are offered to show how a uniform account can be given across adjectival
and relative weiyi. A major implication of this paper is that Mandarin does not possess a relative pronoun but
allows a DP-internal focus expression to mark syntactic movement in relativization. A comparison between relative constructions
involving weiyi and English all-clefts is also discussed.
OpenPFC: an open-source framework for high performance 3D phase field crystal simulations
Authors: Pinomaa Tatu , Aho Jukka , Suviranta Jaarli , Jreidini Paul , Provatas Nikolas , Laukkanen Anssi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We present OpenPFC (https://github.com/VTT-ProperTune/OpenPFC), a state-of-the-art phase field crystal (PFC) simulation platform designed to be scalable for massive high-performance computation environments. OpenPFC can efficiently handle large-scale simulations, as demonstrated by our strong and weak scaling analyses up to an 81923 grid on 65 536 cores. Our results indicate that meaningful PFC simulations can be conducted on grids of size 20483 or even 40963, provided there is a sufficient number of cores and ample disk storage available. In addition, we introduce an efficient implementation of moving boundary conditions that eliminates the need for copying field values between MPI processes or adding an advection term to the evolution equations. This scheme enhances the computational efficiency in simulating large scale processes such as long directional solidification. To showcase the robustness of OpenPFC, we apply it to simulations of rapid solidification in the regime of metal additive manufacturing using a recently developed quantitative solid-liquid-vapor PFC model, parametrized for pure tungsten (body-centered cubic) and aluminum (face-centered cubic).
Application of rigorous interface boundary conditions in mesoscale plasticity simulations
Authors: Yu Jinxin , Ngan Alfonso H W , Srolovitz David J , Han Jian 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The interactions between dislocations and interface/grain boundaries, including dislocation absorption, transmission, and reflection, have garnered significant attention from the research community for their impact on the mechanical properties of materials. However, the traditional approaches used to simulate grain boundaries lack physical fidelity and are often incompatible across different simulation methods. We review a new mesoscale interface boundary condition based on Burgers vector conservation and kinetic dislocation reaction processes. The main focus of the paper is to demonstrate how to unify this boundary condition with different plasticity simulation approaches such as the crystal plasticity finite element (CPFEM), continuum dislocation dynamics (CDD), and discrete dislocation dynamics (DDD) methods. In DDD and CDD, plasticity is simulated based on dislocation activity; in the former, dislocations are described as discrete lines while in the latter in terms of dislocation density. CPFEM simulates plasticity in terms of slip on each slip system, without explicit treatment of dislocations; it is suitable for larger scale simulations. To validate our interface boundary condition, we implemented simulations using both the CPFEM method and a two-dimensional CDD model. Our results show that our compact and physically realistic interface boundary condition can be easily integrated into multiscale simulation methods and yield novel results consistent with experimental observations.
Low-cost optical home-lab experiments
Authors: Magalhães Tiago E C , Ribeiro Tânia M 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Low-cost experiments have the advantage of being affordable to schools, universities, and families. In the particular case of optics, these experiments can be important to help students understand the properties of light and optical phenomena. In this article, we demonstrate optical experiments to be carried out at home by students learning remotely. These experiments were designed and performed at the 16th Summer School in Physics, which is a five-day activity for high school students organized by the University of Porto. This activity was organized remotely, with all lectures and activities being performed through video conferencing. The materials needed for the proposed experiments were sent by post to students before the beginning of school. The students were able to build optical experiments from scratch, perform measurements, analyse data and present their findings on the last day of the school in a public session dedicated to online presentations.
Centre of mass of standard weights: another experiment with Lego and Tracker
Authors: Purata-Sifuentes Omar-Jair , Echegoyén-Naranjo Carlos-Augusto , Vargas-Torres Carlos 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Determine the centre of mass (CM) of standard weights is needed when two weights with different heights are compared. However, reproducing related experiments is difficult for high school or higher education institutions with non-expensive instrumentation or low budgets to construct specialised devices. This work addresses that problem in a two-way approach: dynamic video-based analysis and making a low-cost static device with Lego bricks. Published scientific papers support both methods. The experimental results of the video-based procedure were used to fit a polynomial regression model to find the CM location. On the other hand, the Lego device approach gives the ubication of the CM directly. Both methods were compared against geometric formulae publicly available to locate the CM of standard weights. The whole three stages project could be used in a senior high school or undergraduate physics course to teach about the comparison and compatibility of methods in experimental physics.
The impact of AI in physics education: a comprehensive review from GCSE to university levels
Authors: Yeadon Will , Hardy Tom 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
With the rapid evolution of artificial intelligence (AI), its potential implications for higher education have become a focal point of interest. This study delves into the capabilities of AI in physics education and offers actionable AI policy recommendations. Using openAI’s flagship gpt-3.5-turbo large language model (LLM), we assessed its ability to answer 1337 physics exam questions spanning general certificate of secondary education (GCSE), A-Level, and introductory university curricula. We employed various AI prompting techniques: Zero Shot, in context learning, and confirmatory checking, which merges chain of thought reasoning with reflection. The proficiency of gpt-3.5-turbo varied across academic levels: it scored an average of 83.4% on GCSE, 63.8% on A-Level, and 37.4% on university-level questions, with an overall average of 59.9% using the most effective prompting technique. In a separate test, the LLM’s accuracy on 5000 mathematical operations was found to be 45.2%. When evaluated as a marking tool, the LLM’s concordance with human markers averaged at 50.8%, with notable inaccuracies in marking straightforward questions, like multiple-choice. Given these results, our recommendations underscore caution: while current LLMs can consistently perform well on physics questions at earlier educational stages, their efficacy diminishes with advanced content and complex calculations. LLM outputs often showcase novel methods not in the syllabus, excessive verbosity, and miscalculations in basic arithmetic. This suggests that at university, there’s no substantial threat from LLMs for non-invigilated physics questions. However, given the LLMs’ considerable proficiency in writing physics essays and coding abilities, non-invigilated examinations of these skills in physics are highly vulnerable to automated completion by LLMs. This vulnerability also extends to pysics questions pitched at lower academic levels. It is thus recommended that educators be transparent about LLM capabilities with their students, while emphasizing caution against overreliance on their output due to its tendency to sound plausible but be incorrect.
Low-cost experiments for teaching eletrostatics in Brazilian high school
Authors: Juliatto Henrique M , Martins Matheus A , Kusman Matheus , Yokaichiya Fabiano , Franco Margareth K K D 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Many public schools in Brazil do not have the financial resources to obtain certain equipment for teaching physics. Considering that the Brazilian National Common Curricular Base, a normative document that defines the organic and progressive set of essential learning that all students must develop, determines that the curriculum for teaching electromagnetism for high school encompass electrostatics. It is very important that schools offer laboratory conditions. For this reason, it was proposed to design simple and low-cost construction equipment, so that teachers from the basic education network can build them for their schools, thus improving the quality of teaching for their students. This study aims to gather equipment and experiments, such as electroscope, electrophorus, Leyden jar and Van de Graaf generator, which can be used in the classroom for didactic purposes in physics teaching. The main focus of this work is the construction of equipment for the implementation of a laboratory for the study of electrostatics, which addresses physical concepts seen by high school students of the basic network in Brazil.
A mixed Fourier-variational approach to solve differential or integro-differential wave equations for magnetised plasmas
Authors: Eester Dirk Van , Lerche E A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The All ORders Spectral Algorithm (AORSA) wave equation solver by Jaeger (Jaeger et al 2001 Phys. Plasmas
8 1573) solves the integro-differential wave equation relevant for the radio frequency (RF) domain and for fusion-relevant conditions in tokamaks or stellarators, retaining all finite Larmor radius corrections by substituting the continuous Fourier integrals by a sum over a discrete set of modes. Its strength is also its weakness: the simplicity of the method results in significant computational effort, a full matrix needing to be inverted to solve the associated linear system. Based on the notion that modes are gradually more independent if their eigenvalues differ, the present paper proposes a straightforward numerical method to partly alleviate this need, allowing to substitute the full system matrix by a banded one. The adopted method can be applied to a wide variety of equations. A few 1D examples—of relevance for solving the wave equation in the RF domain of frequencies—are provided: the tunneling equation is used to illustrate the potential of the method, and the all-FLR wave equation (retaining all Finite Larmor Radius corrections in the dielectric response) adopted by Jaeger is solved comparing the solutions found to those based on simpler models (a cold plasma and a ‘tepid plasma’ - i.e. a kinetic model truncated at zero order in Larmor radius—description).
Gyrokinetic simulation of pedestal degradation correlated with enhanced magnetic turbulence in a DIII-D ELMy H-mode discharge
Authors: Jian X , Chen J , Holland C , Chan V S , Zhang X R , Yu G , Yan Z 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Gyrokinetic simulation of a dedicated pedestal density ramping-up discharge on DIII-D can reproduce the enhancement of magnetic turbulence in the pedestal, which is identified to be caused by micro-tearing modes (MTMs). An increase of MTM amplitude results in higher electron thermal diffusivity, consistent with experimentally observed lower electron temperature gradient and degraded pedestal height. Gyrokinetic simulation identifies the major cause of MTM enhancement to be the increase of collisionality, which has a significant impact on the MTM intensity and is beyond the description of any (quasi-)linear theory.