bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of ε‐aminocaproic acid on blood product requirement, outcome and thromboelastography parameters in severely thrombocytopenic dogs
Authors: Wolf Johanna , Ruterbories Laura K. , Handel Ian , Hansen Bernie 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundNo treatment other than platelet administration is known to protect against spontaneous hemorrhage in thrombocytopenic dogs.ObjectivesPrimary: determine if treatment with ε‐aminocaproic acid (EACA) decreases the requirement for blood transfusions and improves outcome in dogs with severe thrombocytopenia. Secondary: find evidence of hyperfibrinolysis and determine the effect EACA administration on rapid (rTEG) and tissue plasminogen activator‐spiked (tPA‐rTEG) thromboelastography parameters.AnimalsTwenty‐seven dogs with severe thrombocytopenia were treated with EACA, and data from an additional 33 were obtained from the hospital database as historical control (HC) cohort.MethodsSingle arm clinical trial with HCs. The EACA group dogs received EACA (100 mg/kg IV followed by a constant‐rate infusion [CRI] of 400 mg/kg/24 hours). Thromboelastography before and during EACA infusion, hospitalization days, number of transfusions, and mortality were compared.ResultsNo difference was found in number of transfusions per dog (median, interquartile range; 1, 0‐2.5 vs 0.9, 0‐2; P = .5) and hospitalization days (4, 4‐6 vs 4.5, 3.75‐6; P = .83) between HC and EACA groups, respectively, and no difference in survival was identified by log‐rank analysis (P = .15). Maximum amplitude on both rTEG and tPA‐rTEG increased after EACA administration (rTEG baseline: 23.6, 9.6‐38.9; post‐EACA: 27.3, 19.8‐43.2; P < .001; tPA‐rTEG baseline: 23, 10.9‐37.2; post‐EACA: 24.7, 16.7‐44.8; P < .002).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAlthough EACA increased clot strength, there was no effect on outcome. Treatment with EACA at this dosage cannot be recommended as a routine treatment but may be considered for dogs with severe ongoing hemorrhage.
Machine learning–informed soil conditioning for mechanized shield tunneling
Authors: Wang Shuying , Yuan Xiao , Qu Tongming 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEffective soil conditioning is critical for mechanized shield tunneling, yet the selection of conditioning parameters remains experience‐oriented. This study presents a machine learning–informed soil conditioning strategy, aiming at enabling automatic decision‐making for soil conditioning during tunneling. The proposed procedure includes feature engineering to process raw data, the selection of an optimal model, and a committee‐based uncertainty quantification strategy to evaluate the reliability of models. High‐dimensional data visualization techniques are leveraged to examine the influence of data distribution on the model's performance. Results demonstrate that feature engineering and the selection of models lay a foundation for machine learning–enabled automatic soil conditioning, while historical soil conditioning parameters should be incorporated in models to account for time‐dependent features during tunneling. The committee‐based uncertainty quantification strategy can effectively identify the reliability of both interpolated and extrapolated predictions. The proposed data‐driven soil conditioning framework can promote the application of machine learning toward automating earth pressure balance (EPB) shield tunneling.
Enhancing point cloud semantic segmentation in the data‐scarce domain of industrial plants through synthetic data
Authors: Noichl Florian , Collins Fiona C. , Braun Alexander , Borrmann André 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDigitizing existing structures is essential for applying digital methods in architecture, engineering, and construction. However, the adoption of data‐driven techniques for transforming point cloud data into useful digital models faces challenges, particularly in the industrial domain, where ground truth datasets for training are scarce. This paper investigates a solution leveraging synthetic data to train data‐driven models effectively. In the investigated industrial domain, the complex geometry of building elements often leads to occlusions, limiting the effectiveness of conventional sampling‐based synthetic data generation methods. Our approach proposes the automatic generation of realistic and semantically enriched ground truth data using surface‐based sampling methods and laser scan simulation on industry‐standard 3D models. In the presented experiments, we use a neural network for point cloud semantic segmentation to demonstrate that compared to sampling‐based alternatives, simulation‐based synthetic data significantly improve mean class intersection over union performance on real point cloud data, achieving up to 7% absolute increase.
Developmental channels: (Incomplete) development strategies in democratic Latin America
Authors: de Gaspi Renato H. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn the early 2000s, Latin America witnessed a resurgence in debates concerning the state's economic role, coinciding with a political transformation as new parties emerged to power. Existing literature on the “return of Industrial Policy” in the region largely offers a descriptive perspective, bypassing the intricacies of policy typifications and their associated political foundations. This paper addresses these gaps with two main contributions: First, it posits that the state's proactive economic interventions in Latin America were not comprehensive, but instead divided into two distinct channels: the sectoral and the macroeconomic. Second, by employing a fuzzy‐set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) of 59 democratic Latin American administrations, the paper delves into the political dynamics that underlie each channel. A detailed comparative analysis between Brazil and Chile serves as a focal point, illuminating their notable policy divergence. The research concludes that labor‐supported parties are predisposed toward adopting active developmental roles, especially in contexts lacking complex economic structures. However, even incomplete strategies require the presence of robust developmental institutions and is contingent upon a government's capability to establish developmental coalitions and countervail opposing interests.
Thermal Analysis of Jet-in-Crossflow Technique for Hotspot Treatment in Electronics Cooling
Authors: Corvera Christian , Mahjoob Shadi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Artificial intelligence and machine learning systems, faster processors, miniaturized computational components, and supercomputer centers are accompanied by larger heat dissipation and the need for innovative cooling methods. In this work, a combined jet-in-crossflow cooling system is introduced and numerically investigated with an application in localized hotspot treatment. A validation study, a grid independence study, and an uncertainty analysis are conducted to ensure the accuracy of the obtained results. Both vertical and angled jet impingement at different jet locations are studied indicating the advantage of using a 45 deg angled jet placed upstream of the hotspot. In addition, the advantage of jet-in-crossflow in comparison with pure crossflow and pure jet impingement is studied. The results show that the angled jet-in-crossflow setup, in comparison with pure crossflow at the same overall mass flowrate, considerably reduces the temperature values at the heated surface, and decreases the temperature standard deviation by 65%, while lowering the required pumping power by 35%. In comparison with pure jet impingement at the same overall mass flowrate, the angled jet-in-crossflow method reduces the required pumping power by 87%, while local temperature and temperature standard deviation values are very comparable. Furthermore, the advantage of structured rib channels in cooling effectiveness is investigated for the jet-in-crossflow setup. Although the addition of a rib slightly increases the pressure drop, the employment of a proper rib size minimizes the increased pressure drop while considerably improving the cooling effectiveness and temperature uniformity.
Nitric oxide-releasing prodrug for the treatment of complex
Mycobacterium abscessus
infections
Authors: McDonald Rebecca A. , Nagy Sarah G. , Chambers Madyson , Broberg Chris A. , Ahonen Mona J. R. , Schoenfisch Mark H. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM) can cause severe respiratory infection in patients with underlying pulmonary conditions, and these infections are extremely difficult to treat. In this report, we evaluate a nitric oxide (NO)-releasing prodrug [methyl tris diazeniumdiolate (MD3)] against a panel of NTM clinical isolates and as a treatment for acute and chronic NTM infections
in vivo
. Its efficacy in inhibiting growth or killing mycobacteria was explored
in vitro
alongside evaluation of the impact to primary human airway epithelial tissue. Airway epithelial tissues remained viable after exposure at concentrations of MD3 needed to kill mycobacteria, with no inherent toxic effect from drug scaffold after NO liberation. Resistance studies conducted via serial passage with representative
Mycobacterium abscessus
isolates demonstrated no resistance to MD3. When administered directly into the lung via intra-tracheal administration in mice, MD3 demonstrated significant reduction in
M. abscessus
bacterial load in both acute and chronic models of
M. abscessus
lung infection. In summary, MD3 is a promising treatment for complex NTM pulmonary infection, specifically those caused by
M. abscessus
, and warrants further exploration as a therapeutic.
Linking human milk oligosaccharide metabolism and early life gut microbiota: bifidobacteria and beyond
Authors: Lordan Cathy , Roche Aoife K. , Delsing Dianne , Nauta Arjen , Groeneveld Andre , MacSharry John , Cotter Paul D. , van Sinderen Douwe 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are complex, multi-functional glycans present in human breast milk. They represent an intricate mix of heterogeneous structures which reach the infant intestine in an intact form as they resist gastrointestinal digestion. Therefore, they confer a multitude of benefits, directly and/or indirectly, to the developing neonate. Certain bifidobacterial species, being among the earliest gut colonizers of breast-fed infants, have an adapted functional capacity to metabolize various HMO structures. This ability is typically observed in infant-associated bifidobacteria, as opposed to bifidobacteria associated with a mature microbiota. In recent years, information has been gleaned regarding how these infant-associated bifidobacteria as well as certain other taxa are able to assimilate HMOs, including the mechanistic strategies enabling their acquisition and consumption. Additionally, complex metabolic interactions occur between microbes facilitated by HMOs, including the utilization of breakdown products released from HMO degradation. Interest in HMO-mediated changes in microbial composition and function has been the focal point of numerous studies, in recent times fueled by the availability of individual biosynthetic HMOs, some of which are now commonly included in infant formula. In this review, we outline the main HMO assimilatory and catabolic strategies employed by infant-associated bifidobacteria, discuss other taxa that exhibit breast milk glycan degradation capacity, and cover HMO-supported cross-feeding interactions and related metabolites that have been described thus far.
Application of bacteriophage φPaP11-13 attenuates rat
Cutibacterium acnes
infection lesions by promoting keratinocytes apoptosis via inhibiting PI3K/Akt pathway
Authors: Liu Yuanyuan , Zhen Ni , Liao Danxi , Niu Jiahui , Liu Ruolan , Li Zijiao , Lei Zeyuan , Yang Zichen 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Acne vulgaris caused by antibiotic-resistant
Cutibacterium acnes
(
C. acnes
) infection is difficult to treat conventionally. Phages have been suggested as a potential solution, but research on the mechanism of phage treatment is inadequate. This research investigates the underlying molecular mechanisms of phage φPaP11-13 attenuating
C. acnes
-induced inflammation in rat models. We found that rats infected with
C. acnes
had higher average ear thickness, greater enrichment of inflammatory cells as shown by hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining, and fewer TUNEL (TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling)-positive keratinocytes visualized by IF staining. Moreover, an increase of IGF-1 and IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1r) was detected using the immunohistochemical (IHC) staining method, Western blot (WB), and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) when infected with
C. acnes
, which was decreased after the application of phage φPaP11-13. By applying the IGF-1 antibody, it was demonstrated that the severity of
C. acnes
-induced inflammation was relevant to the expression of IGF-1. Through WB and qRT-PCR, activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway and a down-regulation of the BAD-mediated apoptosis pathway were discovered after
C. acnes
infection. Subsequently, it was shown that the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway against BAD-mediated apoptosis pathway was alleviated after applying phage φPaP11-13. Furthermore, applying the IGF-1r inhibitor, Pan-PI3K inhibitor, and Akt inhibitor reversed the changing trends of BAD induced by
C. acnes
and phage φPaP11-13. This study demonstrates that one of the critical mechanisms underlying the attenuation of acne vulgaris by phage φPaP11-13 is lysing
C. acnes
and regulating keratinocyte apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

IMPORTANCE

Cutibacterium acnes
infection-induced acne vulgaris may cause severe physical and psychological prognosis. However, the overuse of antibiotics develops drug resistance, bringing challenges in treating
Cutibacterium acnes
. Bacteriophages are currently proven effective in MDR (multiple drug-resistant)
Cutibacterium acnes
, but there is a significant lack of understanding of phage therapy. This study demonstrated a novel way of curing acne vulgaris by using phages through promoting cell death of excessive keratinocytes in acne lesions by lysing
Cutibacterium acnes
. However, the regulation of this cell cycle has not been proven to be directly mediated by phages. The hint of ternary relation among "phage–bacteria–host" inspires huge interest in future phage therapy studies.
Quantum Chemical Investigations of the Mechanisms of Carbo- and Heterocycles Assemblies Based on Acetylenes Reactions in Superbasic Media
Authors: Vitkovskaya N. M. , Orel V. B. , Kobychev V. B. , Bobkov A. S. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The chemistry of acetylenes has gained significant development in the context of using superbasic media in organic synthesis. Studies of reaction mechanisms require a combination of chemical, physicochemical, and theoretical methods to be applied. The review discusses the results of recent quantum chemical studies on the mechanisms of assemblies of complex highly functionalized molecular structures based on reactions of acetylene and its derivatives in superbasic media performed at the Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry (Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences).
A Procedure of Comparative Analysis of Recursive Nonlinear Filtering Algorithms in Navigation Data Processing Based on Predictive Simulation
Authors: Stepanov O. A. , Isaev A. M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe paper describes a procedure based on predictive simulation for comparing the recursive suboptimal algorithms developed for nonlinear filtering problems including navigation data processing problems. The algorithms are compared in terms of accuracy, consistency, and computational complexity. The provided examples explain the procedure and illustrate its application.
Polyethylene bags before cord clamping in very preterm infants: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Dunne Emma A , Ni Chathasaigh Caitriona M , Geraghty Lucy E , O'Donnell Colm PF , McCarthy Lisa K 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveHypothermia on admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is associated with an increased risk of death in preterm infants. There are currently no evidence-based recommendations for thermal care before cord clamping (CC). We wished to determine whether placing very preterm infants in a polyethylene bag (PB) before CC, compared with after CC, results in more infants with a temperature in the normal range on NICU admission.DesignRandomised controlled trial.SettingTertiary maternity hospital.PatientsInborn infants<32 weeks’ gestational age (GA).InterventionsInfants were randomly assigned to have a PB placed before or after CC.Main outcomeRectal temperature within the normal range (36.5°C–37.5°C) on NICU admission.ResultsBetween July 2020 and September 2022, 198/220 (90%) eligible infants were enrolled in this study; 99 (44 (44%) girls) were randomly assigned to BEFORE and 99 (53 (54%) girls) to AFTER. Median (IQR) GA 29 (27–31) vs 29 (27–31) weeks, mean (SD) birth weight 1206 (429) vs 1138 (419) g, respectively. The proportion of infants who had normal temperature on NICU admission did not differ between the groups (BEFORE 54/99 (55%) vs AFTER 55/98 (56%), p 0.824). The proportion of infants with a temperature outside of the normal range was similar between the groups; hypothermia (BEFORE 34/99 (34%) vs AFTER 33/98 (34%), hyperthermia (BEFORE 10/99 (10%) vs AFTER 10/98 (10%)).ConclusionsPlacing a PB before CC did not increase the proportion of preterm infants with normal temperature on NICU admission. A large proportion of preterm infants had abnormal temperature. Further studies on thermoregulation before CC are needed.Trial registration numberNCT04463511
Scoping review of interventions to improve continuity of postdischarge care for newborns in LMICs
Authors: Grewal Gulraj , Fuller Sebastian S , Rababeh Asma , Maina Michuki , English Mike , Paton Chris , Papoutsi Chrysanthi 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionNeonatal mortality remains significant in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) with in-hospital mortality rates similar to those following discharge from healthcare facilities. Care continuity interventions have been suggested as a way of reducing postdischarge mortality by better linking care between facilities and communities. This scoping review aims to map and describe interventions used in LMICs to improve care continuity for newborns after discharge and examine assumptions underpinning the design and delivery of continuity.MethodsWe searched seven databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane library and (Ovid) Global health). Publications with primary data on interventions focused on continuity of care for newborns in LMICs were included. Extracted data included year of publication, study location, study design and type of intervention. Drawing on relevant theoretical frameworks and classifications, we assessed the extent to which interventions adopted participatory methods and how they attempted to establish continuity.ResultsA total of 65 papers were included in this review; 28 core articles with rich descriptions were prioritised for more in-depth analysis. Most articles adopted quantitative designs. Interventions focused on improving continuity and flow of information via education sessions led by community health workers during home visits. Extending previous frameworks, our findings highlight the importance of interpersonal continuity in LMICs where communication and relationships between family members, healthcare workers and members of the wider community play a vital role in creating support systems for postdischarge care. Only a small proportion of studies focused on high-risk babies. Some studies used participatory methods, although often without meaningful engagement in problem definition and intervention implementation.ConclusionEfforts to reduce neonatal mortality and morbidity should draw across multiple continuity logics (informational, relational, interpersonal and managerial) to strengthen care after hospital discharge in LMIC settings and further focus on high-risk neonates, as they often have the worst outcomes.
Individual journeys to tuberculosis care in Nigeria’s private sector during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Oga-Omenka Charity , Rosapep Lauren , Baruwa Elaine , Huria Lavanya , Vasquez Nathaly Aquilera , Faleye Bolanle Olusola , Kafi Md.Abdullah Heel , Sassi Angelina , Nwosu Chimdi , Johns Benjamin , Adamu Abdu , Chijioke-Akaniro Obioma , Anyaike Chukwuma , Pai Madhukar 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundPre-COVID-19, individuals with tuberculosis (TB) in Nigeria were often underdiagnosed and untreated. TB services were mostly in the public sector with only 15% of new cases in 2019 reported from the private sector. Reports highlighted challenges in accessing care in the private sector, which accounted for 67% of all initial care-seeking. Our study examined patients’ health seeking pathways for TB in Nigeria’s private sector and explored any changes to care pathways during COVID-19.MethodsWe conducted 180 cross-sectional surveys and 20 in-depth interviews with individuals having chest symptoms attending 18 high-volume private clinics and hospitals in Kano and Lagos States. Questions focused on sociodemographic characteristics, health-seeking behaviour, and pathways to care during the COVID-19 pandemic. All surveys and interviews were conducted in May 2021.ResultsMost participants were male (111/180), with an average age of 37. Half (96/180) sought healthcare within a week of symptoms, while few (20/180) waited over 2 months. Individuals testing positive for TB had more health-seeking delays, and those testing negative for TB had more provider delays. On average, participants visited two providers in Kano and 1.69 in Lagos, with 61 of 180 in Kano and 48 of 180 in Lagos visiting other providers before the recruitment facility. Private providers were the initial encounters for most participants (60/180 in Kano, 83/180 in Lagos). Most respondents (164/180) experienced short-lived pandemic-related restrictions, affecting access to transportation, and closed facilities.ConclusionsThis study showed a few challenges in accessing TB care, necessitating continued investment in healthcare infrastructure and resources, particularly in the private sector. Understanding the different care pathways and delays in care provides opportunities for targeted interventions to improve deployment of services closer to where patients first seek care.