bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rhythmic feet movements while falling asleep
Authors: Wichniak Adam , Tracik Ferenc , Geisler Peter , Ebersbach Georg , Morrissey Sean P. , Zulley Jürgen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDuring the wake–sleep transition and sleep, diverse motor phenomena such as hypnagogic foot tremor may occur in the lower extremities. We investigated the relevance of this phenomenon in 375 consecutive subjects examined polysomnographically in a sleep disorders center. Rhythmic feet movements while falling asleep (RFM) were found in 28 subjects (7.5%). RFM occurred mostly as single, short series with a duration of between 10 and 15 seconds. They had a high night‐to‐night variability and were detected as rhythmic, oscillating movements of the whole foot or toes. Surface electromyographic (EMG) recordings displayed series of repetitive phasic bursts with a periodicity mostly between 1 and 2 per second. Single EMG burst duration varied between 300 and 700 msec. RFM at highest intensity occurred during presleep wakefulness, and usually persisted in sleep stages 1 and 2. RFM did not have a major sleep‐disturbing effect in any of the affected subjects. Due to its high prevalence and the lack of a major sleep‐disturbing effect, short series of RFM could be considered a quasiphysiological phenomenon. However, in more severe forms of RFM with evidence of a sleep‐disturbing effect, RFM should be considered abnormal. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Dystonia in spinocerebellar ataxia type 6
Authors: Sethi Kapil D. , Jankovic Joseph 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSpinocerebellar ataxias are heterogeneous disorders with overlapping clinical features. Spinocerebellar ataxia‐6 is a dominantly inherited condition characterized by relatively pure ataxia with a paucity of other manifestations including extrapyramidal findings. We report on two patients with genetically proven SCA‐6 who had dystonia. One patient presented initially with dystonia, which remained the most disabling problem. Dystonia may occur in SCA‐6 and can be disabling. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Neuroprotective effect of riluzole in a primate model of Parkinson's disease: Behavioral and histological evidence
Authors: Obinu Maria C. , Reibaud Michel , Blanchard Véronique , Moussaoui Saliha , Imperato Assunta 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOur study aimed to determine whether riluzole, which has shown efficacy as a disease‐modifying agent in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), is neuroprotective in a marmoset model of Parkinson's disease (PD). Reduction of energy demand by riluzole could be a rational neuroprotective strategy with good tolerability. The efficacy of riluzole was evaluated in marmosets by testing its ability to reduce MPTP‐induced behavioral deficits and loss of dopaminergic nigral neurons. Marmosets were divided into two groups of four animals each: animals in Group 1 were injected twice with MPTP (2 mg/kg subcutaneous) and treated with riluzole (10 mg/kg per os b.i.d.), animals in Group 2 (controls) were injected with MPTP and with the vehicle of riluzole. A third group of marmosets which did not receive MPTP or riluzole drug was introduced for neurohistopathological studies (normal animals). Marmosets treated with riluzole preserved a better motor function and neurological performance through the 26 days of assessment when compared with the controls. Histologically, there was sparing of TH‐ and Nissl‐stained nigral neurons and of TH‐stained terminals in the striatum and the putamen in the group treated with riluzole compared to the controls. We conclude that riluzole protects dopaminergic neurons and reduces behavioral deficits in a marmoset model of PD. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Bilateral subthalamic stimulation monotherapy in advanced Parkinson's disease: Long‐term follow‐up of patients
Authors: Valldeoriola Francesc , Pilleri Manuela , Tolosa Eduardo , Molinuevo José L. , Rumià Jordi , Ferrer Enric 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation (STN‐DBS) is used to improve parkinsonian symptoms and attenuate levodopa‐induced motor complications. In some patients, such clinical improvement allows antiparkinsonian medication (ApMed) withdrawal. We show the clinical outcome at the long‐term follow‐up of patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) in which STN‐DBS was used in monotherapy, and compare the clinical results of patients without medication with those obtained in parkinsonian patients in which ApMed were reduced but could not be totally displaced after surgery. We analyzed clinical outcome of ten patients with PD in which all ApMed was withdrawn after bilateral subthalamic stimulation and 16 parkinsonian patients still taking antiparkinsonian medication after surgery. After 1.5 years, STN‐DBS monotherapy produced UPDRS motor scores similar to those observed in the on‐drug condition before surgery without the inconvenience of motor fluctuations and dyskinesias. No significant differences were seen in most of clinical outcome measures when comparing patients still taking ApMed with patients in STN‐DBS monotherapy but a few patients still taking ApMed presented mild dyskinesias and motor fluctuations and patients with STN‐DBS monotherapy did not. STN‐DBS is useful in the treatment of advanced PD and in some patients it is possible to maintain this therapy alone in the long term. The therapeutic effect of STN‐DBS on motor signs can be equipotent to that of levodopa with the additional benefit of avoiding motor fluctuations and dyskinesias. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Modeling the 3D structure of GPCRs from sequence
Authors: Shacham Sharon , Topf Maya , Avisar Noa , Glaser Fabian , Marantz Yael , Bar‐Haim Shay , Noiman Silvia , Naor Zvi , Becker Oren M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractG‐protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a large and functionally diverse protein superfamily, which form a seven transmembrane (TM) helices bundle with alternating extra‐cellular and intracellular loops. GPCRs are considered to be one of the most important groups of drug targets because they are involved in a broad range of body functions and processes and are related to major diseases. In this paper we present a new technology, named PREDICT, for modeling the 3D structure of any GPCR from its amino acid sequence. This approach takes into account both internal protein properties (i.e., the amino acid sequence) and the properties of the membrane environment. Unlike competing approaches, the new technology does not rely on the single known structure of rhodopsin, and is thus capable of predicting novel GPCR conformations. We demonstrate the capabilities of PREDICT in reproducing the known experimental structure of rhodopsin. In principle, PREDICT‐generated models offer new opportunities for structure‐based drug discovery towards GPCR targets. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Med Res Rev, 21, No. 5, 472–483, 2001
A reconstructed digit by transplantation of a second toe for control of an electromechanical prosthetic hand
Authors: Chen Zhong Wei , Hu Tian Pei 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe treatment options for the loss of an entire human hand and part of the forearm are currently limited to the transplantation of toe(s) to the amputation stump or a Krukenberg's bifurcation hand, and using a cosmetic or functional prosthesis. The functional prosthetic hand, such as the prevailing myoelectrically controlled prosthetic hand, has an action accuracy that is affected by many factors. The acceptance rate of the three planes freedom myoelectronic hand by the patients was 46–90% because of poor function caused by the weakness of signal and strong external interference. In this report, the left second toe was transplanted to the patient's forearm amputation stump. Mandates from the brain are relayed by the action of this reconstructed digit, to control a special designed multidimension freedom electronic prosthetic hand. After rehabilitation and adaptation training, the correct recognition rate of the electronic prosthetic hand controlled by this reconstructed digit is a remarkable 100%. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 22:5–10, 2002 DOI 10.1002/micr.22002
Boundary stabilization for a non‐linear beam on elastic bearings
Authors: Fu Ma To 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper, we study the equation

under non‐linear boundary conditions which model the vibrations of a beam clamped at x=0 and supported by a non‐linear bearing at x=L. By adding only one damping mechanism at x=L, we prove the existence of a global solution and exponential decay of the energy. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐linear initial boundary value problems of hyperbolic–parabolic type. A general investigation of admissible couplings between systems of higher order. Part 3: applications
Authors: Ebenfeld Stefan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis is the third part of an article that is devoted to the theory of non‐linear initial boundary value problems. We consider coupled systems where each system is of higher order and of hyperbolic or parabolic type.Our goal is to characterize systematically all admissible couplings between systems of higher order and different type.By an admissible coupling we mean a condition that guarantees the existence, uniqueness and regularity of solutions to the respective initial boundary value problem.In part 1, we develop the underlying theory of linear hyperbolic and parabolic initial boundary value problems. Testing the PDEs with suitable functions we obtain a priori estimates for the respective solutions. In particular, we make use of the regularity theory for linear elliptic boundary value problems that was previously developed by the author. In part 2, we prove the local in time existence, uniqueness and regularity of solutions to quasilinear initial boundary value problems using the so‐called energy method. In the above sense the regularity assumptions about the coefficients and right‐hand sides define the admissible couplings. In part 3 at hand, we extend the results of part 2 to the nonlinear initial boundary value problem (4.2). In particular, assumptions (B8) and (B9) about the respective parameters correspond to the previous regularity assumptions and hence define the admissible couplings now. Moreover, we exploit assumptions (B8) and (B9) for the case of two coupled systems. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Potential splitting and numerical solution of the inverse scattering problem on the line
Authors: Aktosun Tuncay , Sacks Paul E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe one‐dimensional Schrödinger equation is considered when the potential is real valued, integrable, has a finite first moment, and contains no bound states. From either of the two reflection coefficients of such a potential the right and left reflection coefficients are extracted corresponding to the left and right halves of the potential, respectively, and such half‐line potentials are readily constructed from the extracted reflection coefficients. A computational procedure is described for such extractions and the construction of the two halves of the potential, and some applications are considered such as a numerical solution of the initial value problem for the Korteweg–de Vries equation. The theory is illustrated with some explicit examples. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Domain sensitivity analysis of the acoustic far‐field pattern
Authors: Bochniak Marius , Cakoni Fioralba 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe consider acoustic scattering problems described by the mixed boundary value problem for the scalar Helmholtz equation in the exterior of a 2D bounded domain or in the exterior of a crack. The boundary of the domain is assumed to have a finite set of corner points where the scattered wave may have singular behaviour. The paper is concerned with the sensitivity of the far‐field pattern with respect to small perturbations of the shape of the scatterer. Using a modification of the method of adjoint problems, we obtain an integral representation for the Gâteaux derivative which contains only boundary values of functions easily computable by standard BEM and which depends explicitly on the perturbation of the boundary. In some cases, we show the direct influence of the singularities of the solution on the sensitivity of the far‐field pattern. In this way, we generalize the domain sensitivity analysis developed earlier for smooth domains by Hettlich, Kirsch, Kress, Potthast and others. Finally, we show that the same approach can be applied to scattering from 3D domains with smooth edges. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new design approach for an injection‐locked oscillator with an enhanced locking range
Authors: Jun Youngsang , Lee Moon‐Que , Lee Youngteak , Nam Sangwook 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA new approach to the narrow locking range problems of an injection‐locked oscillator (ILO) has been investigated using a feedback signal into the active device and a fictitious internal source generated by nonlinearities of the active device. Through this analysis, a new design methodology for an ILO with an enhanced locking range is proposed. Measured results verified the enhanced locking range of the ILO. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 325–327, 2001.
A linearized power method for adaptive beamforming in a multipath fading CDMA environment
Authors: Ahn Sungsoo , Choi Seungwon , Sarkar Tapan K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper discusses an adaptive procedure of a simplified power method for computing the eigenvector corresponding to the largest eigenvalue of an autocovariance matrix. The objective is to generate a suboptimal weight vector for an adaptive array operating in a multipath fading CDMA (code‐division multiple access) channel. The total computational load of the proposed procedure is about O(4N), including an autocovariance matrix update, where N is the number of weights. The performance of the proposed array system is shown in terms of the BER (bit‐error rate) and the allowable capacity in a modeled IS‐95 CDMA signal environment. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 361–365, 2001.
On the analysis of a weakly guiding doubly clad dielectric optical fiber with an annular core
Authors: Sarkar B. C. , Choudhury P. K. , Yoshino T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA fairly rigorous analytical treatment of an annular core dielectric optical fiber is presented, the core of the fiber lying between two concentric claddings with the outer cladding extended infinitely. For the theoretical approach, the approximation of the vanishing refractive‐index difference between the core and the cladding sections is implemented. The investigation is on the preliminary ground, and a numerical estimation of the modal cutoffs is presented for the said fiber. The effects of the core width as well as the inner core diameter on the propagation constants βc at field cutoffs are presented. Plots are also shown of the variation of βc with the change in the refractive‐index values. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 435–439, 2001.
A gain‐clamped erbium‐doped fiber amplifier (GC–EDFA) for WDM optical packet‐switching system
Authors: Yang C. R. , Hwang H. Y. , Hong H. H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe use of a dual‐stage gain‐clamped erbium‐doped fiber amplifier (GC–EDFA) having a pump laser diode and 16‐channel wavelength‐division multiplexing (WDM) with 0.8 nm spacing in the C‐band of 1545–1560 nm wavelength was demonstrated in a burst packet‐mode optical switching system through an experimental setup. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 167–170, 2002.
Influence of XPM effect on IP traffic‐based WDM optical packet‐switching networks
Authors: Yongpeng Zhao , Peida Ye 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBased on the analytical method, the influence of the cross‐phase modulation effect on WDM optical packet‐switching networks is investigated. We show that the input optical power, channel spacing, and traffic characteristics impact the XPM effect that eventually influences the network performance. The results are useful for designing optical packet networks. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 170–174, 2002.
A broadband low‐profile cylindrical monopole antenna top loaded with a shorted cross patch
Authors: Yeh Shih‐Huang , Wong Kin‐Lu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWith the top loading of a shorted cross patch of equal arm lengths, a cylindrical monopole antenna can have a low profile (about 7.5% of the free‐space wavelength of the center operating frequencies) and broadband operation (larger than 23%). In addition, by comparing to the case of top loading a shorted rectangular patch, the obtained conical radiation patterns of the proposed low‐profile monopole antenna are much more uniform in all of the ϕ‐planes. Details of the proposed antenna and experimental results are presented. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 186–188, 2002.
A broadband and compact microstrip antenna for IMT‐2000, DECT, and bluetooth integrated handsets
Authors: Wang Ya Jun , Gan Yeow Beng , Lee Ching Kwang 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA novel and broadband semidisk microstrip antenna suitable for a portable and compact terminal integrated with the 3G IMT‐2000 cellular system, DECT mobile system, and Bluetooth wireless technology is discussed both theoretically and experimentally. Using both bandwidth‐enhancement and size‐miniaturization methods, a broad impedance bandwidth (return loss ≤−10 dB) of 32.4% from 1.86 to 2.58 GHz is obtained. Typical characteristics of the proposed antenna are addressed and discussed. Good agreements are obtained in the measured and simulated results. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 204–207, 2002.
Millimeter‐wave down‐converter conversion gain performance enhancement
Authors: Brabetz T. , Fusco V. F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe influence of via hole inductance on millimeter‐wave single‐ended pHEMT gate‐mixer down‐converter conversion gain is examined by a closed formula and by measurement. It is shown that feedback inductance acts as a voltage divider, reducing the conversion gain and increasing the LO power requirements. Analytical considerations presented in the paper predict that this effect can reduce the conversion gain by up to 9 dB. Additionally, a method to minimize the influence of via hole inductance on mixer performance is presented. Two circuits, one with and one without resonating stubs, have been manufactured and tested. The new circuit exhibits 3.5 dB more conversion gain than the classical topology, RF 65.3 GHz, nominal IF 1.3 GHz. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 399–400, 2002.
Fabrication of monoblock ceramic bandpass filters with attenuation poles
Authors: Weng Min‐Hung , Liang Tsorng‐Juu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSmall size and rapid attenuation rate are two important factors in the selection of bandpass filters for practical applications. This paper describes a monoblock and modified Chebyshev‐type bandpass filter with an attenuation pole in the lower stopband. The equivalent circuit consists of resonators, and series capacitance is presented to predict the filter performance. The series capacitance is made directly by an appropriate choice of the electrode pattern. Since no additional lumped element is needed, the designed filter shows a simple structure. Also, a compact monoblock bandpass filter using high‐permittivity ceramics of (Ba,Sr)O–Sm2O3–4.7TiO2 is fabricated. Experimental results of the fabricated filter measured by an HP8510B network analyzer verify the expected effect. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 400–402, 2002.
Reflection characteristics of a metallic waveguide grating with rectangular grooves as a frequency‐selective reflector
Authors: Thumvongskul T. , Shiozawa T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA proper duty cycle of the grating period which provides the maximum reflection for a metallic waveguide grating with rectangular grooves is found by the mode‐matching approach. For narrowband reflection characteristics, a grating with sufficient numbers of periods and adequately small corrugation is needed, with cutoff conditions taken into account. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 414–418, 2002.
Processing and analysis of transient resonant signal of buried object based on wavelet transform
Authors: Guangyou Fang 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe identification of buried objects is one of the challenging and difficult topics in the ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) domain. In this paper, the transient resonant signals from buried perfectly electrical conductors (PECs) are measured by a kind of impulse GPR system. The relationship between the transient resonance and the natural poles of the buried PEC objects is studied. The wavelet transform (WT) method is used to denoise and calculate the instantaneous parameters. The instantaneous WT power and energy spectra of transient resonant signals are calculated and analyzed. The physical mechanism of the resonance of targets is also studied by the singularity expansion method (SEM) theory. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 427–431, 2002.
Dual‐frequency slot antennas fed by capacitively coplanar waveguide
Authors: Chen Jin‐Sen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA novel design of a dual‐frequency antenna capacitively fed by a coplanar waveguide is presented. The proposed antenna is constructed by a rectangular slot loop antenna and a rectangular slot antenna, both coupled to each other, and which have the same CPW feed. The two resonant frequencies of the proposed antenna are decided, respectively, by the dimensions of the two slot antennas. Designs of the proposed dual‐frequency slot antenna are described, and typical experimental results are demonstrated and discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 452–453, 2002.
A dual‐band multiwavelength erbium‐doped fiber laser source
Authors: Tong F. W. , Wang D. N. , Li Hong , Jin W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA multiwavelength erbium‐doped fiber ring laser is proposed, which is based on two Mach–Zehnder interferometers in a cascade configuration. One of the interferometers acts as a wavelength filter, and the other, exhibiting a relatively small optical path difference, determines the number of lasing wavelengths. By the use of an optical switch, the operating wavelengths can be shifted between two wavelength bands, centered at 1555 and 1565 nm. A stable simultaneous ten‐wavelength lasing operation with amplitude fluctuations <5 dB, wavelength spacing ≈0.5 nm, and signal‐to‐noise ratio >25 dB over the whole operating wavelength region has been obtained. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 458–461, 2002.
A comparative study of different types of dielectric trapezoid optical waveguides under weak guidance approximation
Authors: Srivastava S. K. , Ojha S. P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this communication, we present a comparative study of different types of dielectric trapezoidal waveguides. Using a numerical method, we obtain the modal characteristic equations of these trapezoidal waveguides. The modal characteristic equations are obtained in this case by using a point‐matching method under the weak guidance approximation. Dispersion curves are also obtained. The modal characteristics of trapezoidal waveguides are compared with those of square waveguides in detail. Some important insights have been obtained, which are distortions of a square shape into a trapezoidal shape responsible for the slight increase in the lowest cutoff value (Vc); the distortion from a square shape to a trapezoidal shape is also responsible for the increase in the number of modes. This study can be viewed as a tolerance study of the waveguide with the square cross section under a trapezoidal distortion. ©2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 461–464, 2002.