bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health insurance and fertility among low-income, childless, single women: evidence from the ACA Medicaid expansions
Authors: Leguizamon J. Sebastian 
Published: November 2023

AbstractExpansions of Medicaid family planning services have been associated with decreases in pregnancy rates. Access to a broader range of medical, non-family planning services may influence pregnancy rates as well if the increased exposure to medical services spills over to other kinds of behaviour. Using a difference-in-difference approach, I examine the impact of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) Medicaid expansions on the propensity of low-income, single women to become single mothers. Previous expansions of Medicaid family planning services allow us to also investigate the influence of access to other medical services (i.e. non-family planning). I find that although access to contraceptives is associated with a reduction in the propensity of becoming a single mother among adult, low-income women, medical services beyond access to contraceptives can provide additional impacts.
Fossil‐Bearing Concretions of the Araripe Basin Accumulated During Oceanic Anoxic Event 1b
Authors: Bom M. H. H. , Kochhann K. G. D. , Heimhofer U. , Mota M. A. L. , Guerra R. M. , Simões M. G. , Krahl G. , Meirelles V. , Ceolin D. , Fürsich F. , Lima F. H. O. , Fauth G. , Assine M. L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFossils from the Araripe Basin (northeastern Brazil) are known for their remarkable preservation of vertebrates and invertebrates, even including soft tissues. They occur in carbonate concretions within organic carbon‐rich strata assigned to the Romualdo Formation. Here we present integrated stable isotope, elemental and microfossil records from the Sítio Sobradinho outcrop, Araripe Basin, northeastern Brazil. Our results imply that black shales hosting fossil‐bearing carbonate concretions within the lower Romualdo Formation were deposited during Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE) 1b (Kilian sub‐event). Our high‐resolution multi‐proxy approach allows identifying four phases of environmental evolution. After a pre‐event phase, an early phase (onset of the negative carbon isotope excursion—nCIE) of water column stratification and reduced oxygenation likely preconditioned the system for organic carbon burial and preservation. A second phase (peak nCIE) was characterized by an intensified hydrological cycle and continental runoff, as well as increased influx of terrestrial organic matter. High input of continent‐derived nutrients might have enhanced biological productivity in the epicontinental sea, ultimately leading to increased organic carbon fluxes and burial, as well as carbonate dissolution at the seafloor. All together, these paleoenvironmental conditions resulted in expansion of an oxygen minimum zone (OMZ), favoring taphonomic processes that led to the excellent preservation of diverse macro‐ and microfossils. The nCIE recovery phase was characterized by reduced nutrient supply and organic carbon burial. Organic carbon sequestration in such paleoenvironments likely contributed to the recovery (increase) of stable carbon isotope (δ13C) records in the deep ocean during the Kilian sub‐event of OAE 1b.
Decoding the Link Between Magmatic Cyclicity and Episodic Variation of Tectonics and Crustal Thickness in the Overriding Plate
Authors: Meng Lingtong , Chu Yang , Lin Wei , Zhao Liang , Wei Wei , Liu Fei , Wang Yin , Song Chao , Wu Qinying 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCyclical change in subduction angle is the favorable mechanism to elucidate the cyclicity of continental arc magmatism, however, the role of episodic tectonics and variation of the lithosphere in overriding plates is much underestimated. Here we focus on structural, magnetic, and gravitational features of the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous granites in the Mesozoic Paleo‐Pacific arc system of the North China block. By unraveling the emplacement process and regional tectonics, we establish a three‐staged extension‐contraction cycle with crustal thickness variation controlling the magmatic flux and behavior. The Late Jurassic extension produced high‐flux crustal‐derived magma (1.87 × 103 km2/Myr), but the thick crust >45 km accumulated large granitic batholiths by multi‐feeders emplacement at the middle‐lower crust and prevented magma ascent and eruption. Subsequently, the Latest Jurassic to Earliest Cretaceous contraction resulted in the magmatic lull and thickened crust of ca. 60 km, fueling crustal material for the ensuing magmatism. In the Early Cretaceous, intense crustal extension thinned the crust to 30 km and largely enhanced the magmatic flux (3.03 × 103 km2/Myr). The magma is prone to penetrate the thin crust with an intensive eruption. A small amount of magma was stored, and the emplacement was controlled by ductile detachments or normal faults. Our model emphasizes episodic the deformation of lithosphere and associated crustal thickness variation in controlling magma production, which may shed new light in understanding the magmatic cyclicity under continuous subduction.
A multifunctional optoelectronic device based on 2D material with wide bandgap
Authors: Xu Hongwei , Liu Jingwei , Wei Sheng , Luo Jie , Gong Rui , Tian Siyuan , Yang Yiqi , Lei Yukun , Chen Xinman , Wang Jiahong , Zhong Gaokuo , Tang Yongbing , Wang Feng , Cheng Hui-Ming , Ding Baofu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLow-dimensional materials exhibit unique quantum confinement effects and morphologies as a result of their nanoscale size in one or more dimensions, making them exhibit distinctive physical properties compared to bulk counterparts. Among all low-dimensional materials, due to their atomic level thickness, two-dimensional materials possess extremely large shape anisotropy and consequently are speculated to have large optically anisotropic absorption. In this work, we demonstrate an optoelectronic device based on the combination of two-dimensional material and carbon dot with wide bandgap. High-efficient luminescence of carbon dot and extremely large shape anisotropy (>1500) of two-dimensional material with the wide bandgap of >4 eV cooperatively endow the optoelectronic device with multi-functions of optically anisotropic blue-light emission, visible light modulation, wavelength-dependent ultraviolet-light detection as well as blue fluorescent film assemble. This research opens new avenues for constructing multi-function-integrated optoelectronic devices via the combination of nanomaterials with different dimensions.
Educational attainment in survivors of childhood cancer in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden
Authors: Mogensen Hanna , Tettamanti Giorgio , Frederiksen Line Elmerdahl , Talbäck Mats , Härkonen Juho , Modig Karin , Pedersen Camilla , Krøyer Anja , Hirvonen Elli , Kyrönlahti Anniina , Heyman Mats , Holmqvist Anna Sällfors , Hasle Henrik , Madanat-Harjuoja Laura , Malila Nea , Winther Jeanette Falck , Erdmann Friederike , Feychting Maria 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Survivors of childhood cancer may face difficulties at school. We investigated whether childhood cancer affects attainment of upper secondary education, in a register-based cohort study from Denmark, Finland, and Sweden, where we limit bias from selection and participation.

Methods
From the national cancer registers, we identified all long-term survivors of childhood cancer diagnosed aged 0–14 years in 1971–2005 (n = 7629), compared them to matched population comparisons (n = 35,411) and siblings (n = 6114), using odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results
Overall, 6127 survivors (80%) had attained upper secondary education by age 25, compared to 84% among comparison groups. Elevated OR for not attaining this level were mainly confined to survivors of central nervous system (CNS) tumours (ORSurv_PopComp2.05, 95%CI: 1.83–2.29). Other risk groups were survivors who had spent more time in hospital around cancer diagnosis and those who had hospital contacts in early adulthood, particularly psychiatric. Survivors of all cancer types were less likely to have attained upper secondary education without delay.

Conclusions
Although survivors of childhood cancer experienced delays in their education, many had caught up by age 25. Except for survivors of CNS tumours, survivors attained upper secondary education to almost the same extent as their peers.
Ischemic stroke after COVID-19 bivalent vaccine administration in patients aged 65 years and older in the United States
Authors: Gorenflo Maria P. , Davis Pamela B. , Kaelber David C. , Xu Rong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention announced in January 2023 a potential connection between administration of the Pfizer novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) bivalent vaccine booster and ischemic stroke (IS). A retrospective cohort study was conducted to compare the hazard of IS in patients aged 65 years and over administered the Pfizer bivalent booster versus those administered the Pfizer/Moderna monovalent or Moderna bivalent boosters. De-identified patient electronic health data were collected from TriNetX, a cloud-based analytics platform that includes data from over 90 million unique patients in the United States. Patients aged 65 years and over at the time of administration of a Pfizer bivalent, Moderna bivalent, or Pfizer/Moderna monovalent booster were included for analysis. Cohorts were propensity-score matched. The hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for IS between matched cohorts at 1–21 and 22–42 days after booster administration were calculated. There was reduced hazard of IS in the Pfizer bivalent cohort compared to the monovalent cohort at both timepoints: 1–21 days after vaccination (HR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.47–0.62), and 22–42 days after vaccination (HR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.54–0.72) (n = 79,036 patients per cohort). There was reduced hazard of IS in the Pfizer bivalent cohort compared to the Moderna bivalent cohort at 1–21 days after vaccination (HR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.58–0.96) (n = 26,962 patients per cohort). This analysis provides no evidence that the Pfizer bivalent vaccine is associated with increased hazard of IS compared to the monovalent or Moderna bivalent vaccines.
Quasi-periodic sub-pulse structure as a unifying feature for radio-emitting neutron stars
Authors: Kramer Michael , Liu Kuo , Desvignes Gregory , Karuppusamy Ramesh , Stappers Ben W. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMagnetars are highly magnetized rotating neutron stars that are predominantly observed as high-energy sources. Six of this class of neutron star are known to also emit radio emission, so magnetars are a favoured model for the origin of at least some of the fast radio bursts (FRBs). If magnetars, or neutron stars in general, are indeed responsible, sharp empirical constraints on the mechanism producing radio emission are required. Here we report on the detection of polarized quasi-periodic substructure in the emission of all well-studied radio-detected magnetars. A correlation previously seen, relating substructure in pulsed emission of radio-emitting neutron stars to their rotational period, is extended and now shown to span more than six orders of magnitude in pulse period. This behaviour is not only seen in magnetars but in members of all classes of radio-emitting rotating neutron stars, regardless of their evolutionary history, their power source or their inferred magnetic field strength. If magnetars are responsible for FRBs, it supports the idea of being able to infer underlying periods from sub-burst timescales in FRBs.
Intermediate conformations of CD4-bound HIV-1 Env heterotrimers
Authors: Dam Kim-Marie A. , Fan Chengcheng , Yang Zhi , Bjorkman Pamela J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHIV-1 envelope (Env) exhibits distinct conformational changes in response to host receptor (CD4) engagement. Env, a trimer of gp120 and gp41 heterodimers, has been structurally characterized in a closed, prefusion conformation with closely associated gp120s and coreceptor binding sites on gp120 V3 hidden by V1V2 loops1–4 and in fully saturated CD4-bound open Env conformations with changes including outwardly rotated gp120s and displaced V1V2 loops3–9. To investigate changes resulting from substoichiometric CD4 binding, we solved single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of soluble, native-like heterotrimeric Envs bound to one or two CD4 molecules. Most of the Env trimers bound to one CD4 adopted the closed, prefusion Env state, with a minority exhibiting a heterogeneous partially open Env conformation. When bound to two CD4s, the CD4-bound gp120s exhibited an open Env conformation including a four-stranded gp120 bridging sheet and displaced gp120 V1V2 loops that expose the coreceptor sites on V3. The third gp120 adopted an intermediate, occluded-open state10 that showed gp120 outward rotation but maintained the prefusion three-stranded gp120 bridging sheet with only partial V1V2 displacement and V3 exposure. We conclude that most of the engagements with one CD4 molecule were insufficient to stimulate CD4-induced conformational changes, whereas binding two CD4 molecules led to Env opening in CD4-bound protomers only. The substoichiometric CD4-bound soluble Env heterotrimer structures resembled counterparts derived from a cryo-electron tomography study of complexes between virion-bound Envs and membrane-anchored CD4 (ref. 11), validating their physiological relevance. Together, these results illuminate intermediate conformations of HIV-1 Env and illustrate its structural plasticity.
Trans-vaccenic acid reprograms CD8+ T cells and anti-tumour immunity
Authors: Fan Hao , Xia Siyuan , Xiang Junhong , Li Yuancheng , Ross Matthew O. , Lim Seon Ah , Yang Fan , Tu Jiayi , Xie Lishi , Dougherty Urszula , Zhang Freya Q. , Zheng Zhong , Zhang Rukang , Wu Rong , Dong Lei , Su Rui , Chen Xiufen , Althaus Thomas , Riedell Peter A. , Jonker Patrick B. , Muir Alexander , Lesinski Gregory B. , Rafiq Sarwish , Dhodapkar Madhav V. , Stock Wendy , Odenike Olatoyosi , Patel Anand A. , Opferman Joseph , Tsuji Takemasa , Matsuzaki Junko , Shah Hardik , Faubert Brandon , Elf Shannon E. , Layden Brian , Bissonnette B. Marc , He Yu-Ying , Kline Justin , Mao Hui , Odunsi Kunle , Gao Xue , Chi Hongbo , He Chuan , Chen Jing 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDiet-derived nutrients are inextricably linked to human physiology by providing energy and biosynthetic building blocks and by functioning as regulatory molecules. However, the mechanisms by which circulating nutrients in the human body influence specific physiological processes remain largely unknown. Here we use a blood nutrient compound library-based screening approach to demonstrate that dietary trans-vaccenic acid (TVA) directly promotes effector CD8+ T cell function and anti-tumour immunity in vivo. TVA is the predominant form of trans-fatty acids enriched in human milk, but the human body cannot produce TVA endogenously1. Circulating TVA in humans is mainly from ruminant-derived foods including beef, lamb and dairy products such as milk and butter2,3, but only around 19% or 12% of dietary TVA is converted to rumenic acid by humans or mice, respectively4,5. Mechanistically, TVA inactivates the cell-surface receptor GPR43, an immunomodulatory G protein-coupled receptor activated by its short-chain fatty acid ligands6–8. TVA thus antagonizes the short-chain fatty acid agonists of GPR43, leading to activation of the cAMP–PKA–CREB axis for enhanced CD8+ T cell function. These findings reveal that diet-derived TVA represents a mechanism for host-extrinsic reprogramming of CD8+ T cells as opposed to the intrahost gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids. TVA thus has translational potential for the treatment of tumours.
Imaging quantum oscillations and millitesla pseudomagnetic fields in graphene
Authors: Zhou Haibiao , Auerbach Nadav , Uzan Matan , Zhou Yaozhang , Banu Nasrin , Zhi Weifeng , Huber Martin E. , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Myasoedov Yuri , Yan Binghai , Zeldov Eli 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe exceptional control of the electronic energy bands in atomically thin quantum materials has led to the discovery of several emergent phenomena1. However, at present there is no versatile method for mapping the local band structure in advanced two-dimensional materials devices in which the active layer is commonly embedded in the insulating layers and metallic gates. Using a scanning superconducting quantum interference device, here we image the de Haas–van Alphen quantum oscillations in a model system, the Bernal-stacked trilayer graphene with dual gates, which shows several highly tunable bands2–4. By resolving thermodynamic quantum oscillations spanning more than 100 Landau levels in low magnetic fields, we reconstruct the band structure and its evolution with the displacement field with excellent precision and nanoscale spatial resolution. Moreover, by developing Landau-level interferometry, we show shear-strain-induced pseudomagnetic fields and map their spatial dependence. In contrast to artificially induced large strain, which leads to pseudomagnetic fields of hundreds of tesla5–7, we detect naturally occurring pseudomagnetic fields as low as 1 mT corresponding to graphene twisting by 1 millidegree, two orders of magnitude lower than the typical angle disorder in twisted bilayer graphene8–11. This ability to resolve the local band structure and strain at the nanoscale level enables the characterization and use of tunable band engineering in practical van der Waals devices.
Integrated approach to hydrogeochemical appraisal of groundwater quality concerning arsenic contamination and its suitability analysis for drinking purposes using water quality index
Authors: Ullah Zahid , Zeng Xian-Chun , Rashid Abdur , Ghani Junaid , Ali Asmat , Shah Muddaser , Zainab Rimsha , Almutairi Mikhlid H. , Sayed Amany A. , Aleya Lotfi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractArsenic (As), contamination in drinking groundwater resources is commonly environmental problem in many developing countries including Pakistan, with significant human health risk reports. In order to examine the groundwater quality concerning As contamination, its geochemical behavior along with physicochemical parameters, 42 samples were collected from community tube wells from District Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. The results showed the concentration of elevated As, its source of mobilization, and associated public health risk. The As concentration detected in groundwater samples varied from 0.12 to 104 µg/L with an average value of 34.7 µg/L. Among 42 groundwater samples, 27 samples were beyond the permitted limit of 10 µg/L recommended by World Health Organization (WHO), for drinking purposes. Statistical analysis result show that the groundwater cations values are in decreasing order such as: Na+ > Mg2+ > Ca2+ > K+, while anions were HCO3– > SO42– > Cl– > NO3–. Hydrochemical facies result depict that the groundwater samples of the study area, 14 samples belong to CaHCO3type, 5 samples belong to NaCl type, 20 samples belong to Mixed CaMgCl type, and 3 samples belong to CaCl2type. It can be accredited due to weathering and recharge mechanism, evaporation processes, and reverse ion exchange. Gibbs diagram shows that rock water interaction controls the hydrochemistry of groundwater resources of the study area. Saturation Index (SI) result indicated the saturation of calcite, dolomite, gypsum, geothite, and hematite mineral due their positive SI values. The principal component analysis (PCA) results possess a total variability of 80.69% signifying the anthropogenic and geogenic source of contamination. The results of the exposure-health-risk-assessment method for measuring As reveal significant potential non-carcinogenic risk (HQ), exceeding the threshold level of (> 1) for children in the study area. Water quality assessment results shows that 24 samples were not suitable for drinking purposes.
Frontoparietal functional connectivity moderates the link between time spent on social media and subsequent negative affect in daily life
Authors: Kang Yoona , Ahn Jeesung , Cosme Danielle , Mwilambwe-Tshilobo Laetitia , McGowan Amanda , Zhou Dale , Boyd Zachary M. , Jovanova Mia , Stanoi Ovidia , Mucha Peter J. , Ochsner Kevin N. , Bassett Dani S. , Lydon-Staley David , Falk Emily B. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEvidence on the harms and benefits of social media use is mixed, in part because the effects of social media on well-being depend on a variety of individual difference moderators. Here, we explored potential neural moderators of the link between time spent on social media and subsequent negative affect. We specifically focused on the strength of correlation among brain regions within the frontoparietal system, previously associated with the top-down cognitive control of attention and emotion. Participants (N = 54) underwent a resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. Participants then completed 28 days of ecological momentary assessment and answered questions about social media use and negative affect, twice a day. Participants who spent more than their typical amount of time on social media since the previous time point reported feeling more negative at the present moment. This within-person temporal association between social media use and negative affect was mainly driven by individuals with lower resting state functional connectivity within the frontoparietal system. By contrast, time spent on social media did not predict subsequent affect for individuals with higher frontoparietal functional connectivity. Our results highlight the moderating role of individual functional neural connectivity in the relationship between social media and affect.
A comprehensive analysis of genetic risk for metabolic syndrome in the Egyptian population via allele frequency investigation and Missense3D predictions
Authors: Bassyouni Mahmoud , Mysara Mohamed , Wohlers Inken , Busch Hauke , Saber-Ayad Maha , El-Hadidi Mohamed 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDiabetes mellitus (DM) represents a major health problem in Egypt and worldwide, with increasing numbers of patients with prediabetes every year. Numerous factors, such as obesity, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension, which have recently become serious concerns, affect the complex pathophysiology of diabetes. These metabolic syndrome diseases are highly linked to genetic variability that drives certain populations, such as Egypt, to be more susceptible to developing DM. Here we conduct a comprehensive analysis to pinpoint the similarities and uniqueness among the Egyptian genome reference and the 1000-genome subpopulations (Europeans, Ad-Mixed Americans, South Asians, East Asians, and Africans), aiming at defining the potential genetic risk of metabolic syndromes. Selected approaches incorporated the analysis of the allele frequency of the different populations’ variations, supported by genotypes’ principal component analysis. Results show that the Egyptian’s reference metabolic genes were clustered together with the Europeans’, Ad-Mixed Americans’, and South-Asians’. Additionally, 8563 variants were uniquely identified in the Egyptian cohort, from those, two were predicted to cause structural damage, namely, CDKAL1: 6_21065070 (A > T) and PPARG: 3_12351660 (C > T) utilizing the Missense3D database. The former is a protein coding gene associated with Type 2 DM while the latter is a key regulator of adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis. Both variants were detected heterozygous in two different Egyptian individuals from overall 110 sample. This analysis sheds light on the unique genetic traits of the Egyptian population that play a role in the DM high prevalence in Egypt. The proposed analysis pipeline -available through GitHub- could be used to conduct similar analysis for other diseases across populations.