bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pancreatic beta cell tumor in ferrets: 20 cases (1986–1994)
Authors: Ehrhart N. , Withrow S. J. , Ehrhart E. J. , Wimsatt J. H. 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To characterize survival times, disease-free intervals, and prognostic variables in ferrets with pancreatic beta cell neoplasia.

Design—
Retrospective study.

Animals—
20 ferrets with histologically confirmed pancreatic beta cell tumors.

Procedure—
Medical records of ferrets with pancreatic beta cell tumors were reviewed. Variables such as age, sex, duration of clinical signs, existence of other neoplasia, single versus multiple masses in the pancreas, benign or malignant histologic features, and the type of treatment used at redevelopment of clinical signs were examined to determine their relationship to survival times and disease-free intervals.

Results—
Duration of clinical signs prior to diagnosis and initial surgery was inversely correlated with survival time and disease-free interval. Overall median survival time for all ferrets with pancreatic beta cell tumors was 483 days. Median disease-free interval for ferrets that had abdominal surgery for pancreatic beta cell tumor removal was 240 days. Distant tumor metastasis was not found in this group of ferrets, but local tumor recurrence was common. In 4 ferrets that had a second celiotomy, removal of recurrent pancreatic tumors did not prolong survival but did result in a second disease-free interval.

Clinical Implications—
Pancreatic beta cell tumors should be considered in ferrets over 2 years of age that have clinical signs of seizures, episodic lethargy, ptyalism, ataxia, and hind limb weakness. In the study reported here, complete surgical excision of the tumor resulted in temporary resolution of clinical signs in ferrets; however, redevelopment of clinical signs at a later time was common. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;209:1737–1740)
Clinical evaluation of cats with nonobstructive urinary tract diseases
Authors: Tony Buffington C. A. , Chew Dennis J. , Kendall Michael S. , Scrivani Peter V. , Thompson Steven B. , Blaisdell Jean L. , Woodworth Bruce E. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To identify the underlying cause of clinical signs in cats with non obstructive diseases of the bladder and urethra.

Design
Prospective case series.

Sample Population
109 cats examined by the urology service of The Ohio State University's veterinary teaching hospital because of stranguria, hematuria, pollakiuria, or urination in inappropriate locations.

Procedure
History was obtained and a CBC, serum biochemical analyses, serologic tests for FeLV and feline immunodeficiency virus, urinalysis, bacterial culture of urine, and contrast radiography or urethrocystoscopy (females only) were performed.

Results
16 cats had cystic calculi: 8 had struvite uroliths, 7 had calcium oxalate uroliths, and 1 had a urolith of unknown composition in conjunction with an anatomic defect. Anatomic defects, including diverticulae, urethral strictures, and a malpositioned urethra, were identified in 12 cats. A urinary tract infection was identified in 1 cat, and neoplasia was diagnosed in 2. One of the cats with neoplasia also had a struvite urolith. The remaining 80 cats did not have an anatomic defect, urolith, or tumor. Ten of these cats also did not have radiographic or cystoscopic abnormalities and were presumed to have a behavioral disorder. The remaining 70 cats had radiographic or cystoscopic abnormalities, and idiopathic cystitis was diagnosed. In 14 of the cats with idiopathic cystitis, results of a urinalysis were normal. Cats with idiopathic cystitis were significantly more likely to eat dry food exclusively (59%) than were cats in the general population (19%).

Clinical Implications
Results suggest that idiopathic cystitis occurs commonly in cats with stranguria, hematuria, pollakiurfa, or inappropriate elimination and is associated with consumption of dry foods. Contrast radiography or cystoscopy is necessary for differentiating idiopathic cystitis from behavioral disorders in some cats. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;210:46–50)
Clinical management and outcome of cats with seizure disorders: 30 cases (1991-1993)
Authors: Quesnel Andrée D. , Parent Joane M. , McDonell Wayne 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine outcome of clinical management of cats with seizure disorders.

Design
Case series.

Animals
30 cats referred to the Ontario Veterinary College for recurrent seizures.

Procedures
Treatment was dictated by the cat's seizure frequency and by the underlying cause. Cats that were having cluster seizures or status epilepticus at the time of admission were treated orally with phenobarbital and with constant IV administration of diazepam. The other cats were treated with long-term oral admihistration of phenobarbital if the frequency of their seizures justified it. Follow-up included evaluation of seizure frequency. serum antiepileptic drug concentrations, and hematologic and serum biochemical values. Outcome was documented on the basis of survival and seizure frequency at the end of the followup period, which ranged from 3 to 21 months.

Results
6 cats were euthanatized without any therapeutic attempts at the owners' request. Twenty of the remaining 24 cats were alive at the time of final follow-up. Seventeen had a good outcome; 11 were not having any more seizures and 6 were having a low frequency of seizures. For 3 other cats, seizures were not well controlled. Four cats had been euthanatized (2 because of intractable seizures, 1 because of postcraniotomy complications, and 1 because the owners did not want to pursue treatment).

Clinical Implications
Results suggest that severity of seizure disorder in cats is not a good predictor of outcome and that aggressive treatment is often rewarding, even in the most severe cases. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;210:72–77)
Evaluation of a hypertonic saline-dextran solution for treatment of dogs with shock induced by gastric dilatation-volvulus
Authors: Schertel Eric R. , Allen David A. , Muir William W. , Brourman Jeffery D. , DeHoff William D. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To test the hypothesis that small volumes of hypertonic saline-dextran (HSD) solution can be used to effectively resuscitate dogs in shock induced by gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV). and, compared with administration of large volumes of lactated Ringer's solution (LRS), can be used to limit the overall volume of fluid needed for resuscitation.

Design
Prospective, clinical study.

Animals
15 dogs with GDV-induced shock.

Procedure
Initially, HSD solution (5 ml/kg of body weight) or LRS (60 to 90 ml/kg) was administered. All dogs then received a maintenance administration (20 ml/kg/h) of LRS. Cardiorespiratory, blood gas, and serum biochemical analyses were performed over a 4-hour period after initiation of treatment.

Results
Systolic arterial and central venous pressures and plasma volume increased more rapidly in dogs in the HSD + LRS group. The cumulative dose of fluids administered to dogs in the HSD + LRS group was significantly less than that administered to dogs in the LRS group. Serum sodium and chloride concentrations and osmolality increased significantly in dogs in the HSD + LRS group, but not in dogs in the LRS group. Ventricular arrhythmias were detected in both groups of dogs, but did not appear to be induced by either form of fluid therapy.

Clinical Implications
Administration of HSD rapidly restored cardiorespiratory function and induced resuscitation equivalent to administration of large volumes of LRS. Use of HSD solutions to treat dogs in GDV-induced shock may be more efficient than use of isotonic fluids. Administration of HSD solution was not associated with noticeable complications.
Hypokalemia syndrome in dairy cows: 10 cases (1992–1996)
Authors: Sielman Emily S. , Sweeney Raymond W. , Whitlock Robert H. , Reams Rachel Y. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To evaluate clinical findings in cows with recumbency associated with hypokalemia.

Design
Retrospective case series.

Animals
10 adult dairy cows with weakness or recumbency and hypokalemia.

Procedure
Signalment, history, physical examination findings, results of diagnostic tests, and response to treatment were extracted from the medical record of each cow.

Results
8 cows were recumbent on admission and 2 were profoundly weak. All cows had been given isoflupredone acetate as treatment for ketosis prior to admission. All were hypokalemic (serum potassium concentration, 1.4 to 2.3 mEq/L) with no other apparent cause for recumbency. Despite treatment with potassium, plasma potassium concentrations within the reference range were achieved in only 6 of the 9 cows treated. Two cows responded to treatment. Three cows died, 3 were euthanatized, 2 improved clinically and were discharged, 1 was discharged while still recumbent, and 1 was sent to slaughter prior to treatment. Histologic examination of muscle tissue from 2 cows revealed myonecrosis and vacuolation consistent with hypokalemic myopathy.

Clinical Implications
Hypokalemia should be considered in the differential diagnosis for cows that are weak or recumbent, particularly after treatment for ketosis with isoflupredone acetate. Aggressive treatment with potassium salts administered orally is indicated.
Concentrations of keratan sulfate in plasma and synovial fluid from clinically normal horses and horses with joint disease
Authors: Todhunter Rory J. , Fubini Susan L. , Freeman Kathleen P. , Lust George 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine whether keratan sulfate concentrations in plasma or synovial fluid from clinically normal horses were different from concentrations in horses with joint disease and whether concentrations varied with type of joint disease.

Design
Case-control study.

Animals
67 clinically normal horses, 10 clinically normal foals, and 160 horses with joint disease.

Procedure
ELISA was used to measure keratan sulfate concentrations.

Results
Mean plasma keratan sulfate concentration (mean ± SEM, 580 ± 124 ng/ml) in foals peaked at 10 weeks of age. Mean plasma keratan sulfate concentration in clinically normal horses was 200 ng/ml (95% confidence interval, 157 to 251 ng/ml). Horses with osteochondral (chip) fractures, other closed intraarticular fractures, inflammatory arthritis (synovitis), infectious arthritis, or osteochondrosis had significantly higher plasma keratan sulfate concentrations than did clinically normal horses, but horses with osteoarthritis did not.
Breed, gender, and type of joint disease affected keratan sulfate concentration in synovial fluid. Standardbreds with chip fractures of the metacarpophalangeal/ metatarsophalangeal joints had significantly higher keratan sulfate concentrations in synovial fluid than did Thoroughbreds. Keratan sulfate concentrations in synovial fluid from osteoarthritic carpal joints were lower than concentrations in normal carpal joints and tarsocrural joints with inflammatory joint disease.

Clinical Implications
Keratan sulfate concentration alone was not a specific marker of joint disease but was affected by various joint diseases. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;210:369–374
Doxorubicin alone or in combination with asparaginase, followed by cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone for treatment of multicentric lymphoma in dogs: 121 cases (1987-1995)
Authors: Valerius Karina D. , Ogilvie Gregory K. , Mallinckrodt Craig H. , Getzy David M. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine response rate and remission as well as survival times for dogs with multicentric lymphoma treated first with doxorubicin alone or in combination with asparaginase and then with cyclophosphamide, vincristine sulfate, and prednisone (CVP) and to identify prevalence of toxicoses associated with this protocol and factors associated with prognosis.

Design
Retrospective case series.

Animals
121 dogs.

Procedure
Variables evaluated for prognostic value were initial response rate to chemotherapy, age, breed, sex, body weight, histologic grade, clinical stage and substage, previous corticosteroid treatment, and serum calcium concentration.

Results
Median overall remission and survival times for all 121 dogs were 205 and 237 days, respectively. Response rate (complete or partial response) was 88%. Ten dogs were hospitalized because of toxicoses associated with doxorubicin, and 19 dogs were hospitalized because of toxicoses associated with CVP. Asparaginase favorably influenced the initial response rate, but did not significantly influence overall remission or survival times. Initial response rate to chemotherapy, body weight. clinical substage, and serum calcium concentration was found to have prognostic value.

Clinical Implications
For dogs with multicentric lymphoma, treatment with doxorubicin alone or in combination with asparaginase and then with CVP resulted in an acceptable response rate and low prevalence of toxicoses. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;210:512–516)
Effect of Neospora caninum infection on milk production in first-lactation dairy cows
Authors: Thurmond Mark C. , Hietala Sharon K. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine whether cows seropositive to Neospora caninum produced less milk during their first lactation than seronegative cows.

Design
Repeated-measures, prospective study.

Animals
372 Holstein cows in their first lactation.

Procedure
Cows were tested repeatedly before and during their first lactation for antibodies to N caninum. One-way and repeated-measures ANOVA were used to determine whether mean daily milk weights and milk weights from Dairy Herd Improvement Association testing were less for seropositive cows than for seronegative cows.

Results
Weekly mean daily milk weights for the 118 seropositive cows were significantly less than those for the 254 seronegative cows, and milk production for seropositive cows (mean, 55.2 Ib/cow/d) was 2.5Ib/cow/d less than that for seronegative cows (mean, 57.7 Ib/cow/d). Analysis of results from Dairy Herd Improvement Association testing revealed that production of seropositive cows was less for milk (3.1 Ib/cow/d), fat-corrected milk (3.6 Ib/cow/d), and fat (0.14 Ib/cow/d) than production of seronegative cows.

Clinical Implications
The economic impact of N caninum infection in dairy cows can include reduced revenues from decreased milk production, which may warrant culling of young, seropositive replacement stock. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;210:672–674
Hepatozoonosis in dogs: 22 cases (1989-1994)
Authors: Macintire Douglass K. , Vincent-Johnson Nancy , Dillon Allen R. , Blagburn Byron , Lindsay David , Whitley Elizabeth M. , Banfield Catherine 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To document hepatozoonosis in dogs from Alabama and Georgia and to report associated clinical signs, method of diagnosis, response to treatment, and course of disease.

Design—
Retrospective case series.

Animals—
22 dogs in which Hepatozoon canis was identified by microscopic examination of skeletal muscle.

Procedure—
We reviewed medical records of all dogs with a definitive diagnosis of hepatozoonosis that were referred to the Auburn University Small Animal Clinic between 1989 and 1994.

Results—
Diagnoses were confirmed by microscopic identification of H canis schizont or merozoite stages in skeletal muscle. The gametocyte stage was not detected in smears of blood obtained from a peripheral vein, buffy-coat smears, or bone marrow evaluation. Common clinical signs included fever, cachexia, ocular discharge, pain, stiffness, and paresis. Laboratory abnormalities included marked leukocytosis, hypoglycemia, hypoalbuminemia, mild anemia, hyperphosphatemia, and high alkaline phosphatase activity. Periosteal bone proliferation was evident radiographically in 18 of 22 dogs. Renal lesions included amyloidosis (1 dog), interstitial nephritis (3), and mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis (4). Treatment with the anticoccidial drug toltrazuril, despite an initial favorable response, failed to prevent relapse in all but 3 of 21 treated dogs. Mean survival time was 12.6 ± 2.2 months, with a mean time of remission before recurrence of clinical signs of 6 months.

Clinical Implications—
H canis infection in dogs can be associated with a distinct clinical syndrome that involves chronic myositis, debilitation, and death. The dogs of this report represent the first substantial number of domestic dogs naturally infected with H canis in the United States outside of the Texas Gulf Coast. Hepatozoon canis appears to be a serious pathogen in the United States that is becoming more widespread geographically. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;210:916–922)
Association between lactation length and sow reproductive performance and longevity
Authors: Xue JinLiang , Dial Gary D. , Marsh William E. , Lucia Thomaz 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To determine whether lactation length was associated with reproductive performance or longevity of sows.

Design—
Cohort study.

Sample Population—
Data collected between 1986 and 1992 for sows in 15 breeding herds in Minnesota and Iowa.

Procedure—
Sows were grouped into 4 genetic line categories according to their sources and 6 parity categories (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, and ≥ 7). Multivariate regression analysis of reproductive performance was conducted, using the general linear model procedure. Logistic regression was conducted with a dichotomous response variable for sow longevity (ie, removal from or retention in the herds). Odds ratios were obtained from estimated coefficients of the regression.

Results—
Herd, genetic line, parity, year, month, and lactation length were significant in statistical models for litter (eg, number of live pigs/litter) and interval (eg, weaning-to-mating interval) traits. Interactions between lactation length and year, lactation length and genetic line, lactation length and parity, and lactation length and genetic line and parity were also significant. Sows removed from herds had a significantly shorter lactation length than did sows of the same parity that were retained in the herds. Sows that had shorter lactation lengths were at higher risk of being removed from the herds than were those that had longer lactation lengths.

Clinical Implications—
Lactation length is associated with reproductive performance and longevity, but genetic line and parity playa role as well. Thus, attention should be paid to genetic lines and parity of sows in the herd when implementing an early weaning production practice. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;210:935–938)
Use of the urine cortisol: creatinine ratio to monitor treatment response in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism
Authors: Guptill L. , Scott-Moncrieff J. C. , Bottoms G. , Glickman L. , Johnson M. , Glickman N. , Nelson R. , Bertoy E. 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To determine the usefulness of measuring urine cortisol: creatinine ratio (UCCR) as a means of monitoring response to mitotane treatment in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH).

Design—
Case series.

Animals—
51 clinically normal dogs and 21 dogs with PDH.

Procedure—
The reference range for the UCCR was determined by measuring the ratio in 51 clinically normal dogs. The usefulness of measuring UCCR in evaluating response of 21 dogs with PDH to treatment with mitotane was evaluated by comparing ACTH-stimulated blood cortisol concentrations with UCCR at the end of the induction phase of treatment (13 dogs) and during the maintenance phase of treatment (21).

Results—
UCCR was not useful for identifying dogs with inadequate adrenal reserves at the end of the induction phase of treatment or during the maintenance phase. The UCCR was useful for identifying dogs in which control of cortisol secretion was not adequate.

Clinical Implications—
UCCR should not be used for evaluation of dogs during the induction phase of treatment, because the potential consequences of not identifying dogs with inadequate adrenal reserves are great. The UCCR may be useful as an adjunct means of monitoring treatment response during the maintenance phase of treatment However, the ACTH stimulation test remains a necessary component when monitoring response to treatment in dogs with PDH receiving mitotane. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;210:1158–1161)
Short-term results and complications of prepubertal gonadectomy in cats and dogs
Authors: Howe Lisa M. 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To determine short-term results and complications of prepubertal gonadectomy in cats and dogs.

Design—
Prospective randomized study.

Animals—
775 cats and 1,213 dogs.

Procedure—
Animals undergoing gonadectomy were allotted into 3 groups on the basis of estimated age (group 1, < 12 weeks old; group 2, 12 to 23 weeks old; group 3, ≥ 24 weeks old). Complications during anesthesia, surgery, and the immediate postoperative period (7 days) were recorded. Complications were classified as major (required treatment and resulted in an increase in morbidity or mortality) or minor (required little or no treatment and caused a minimal increase in morbidity). An ANOVA was used to detect differences among groups in age, weight, body temperature, and duration of surgery. To detect differences in complication rates among groups, χ2 analysis was used.

Results—
Group 1 consisted of 723 animals, group 2 consisted of 532, and group 3 consisted of 733. Group-3 animals had a significantly higher overall complication rate (10.8%) than group-1 animals (6.5%), but did not differ from group-2 animals (8.8%). Differences were not detected among the 3 groups regarding major complications (2.9, 3.2, and 3.0% for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively), but group-3 animals had significantly more minor complications (7.8%) than group-1 animals (3.6%), but not group-2 animals (5.6%).

Clinical Implications—
In this study, prepubertal gonadectomy did not increase morbidity or mortality on a short-term basis, compared with gonadectomy performed on animals at the traditional age. These procedures may be performed safely in prepubertal animals, provided that appropriate attention is given to anesthetic and surgical techniques. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;211:57–62)