bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Ethnographic Setting
Authors: Keating Elizabeth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Pohnpei is one of the widely scattered Caroline Islands, small and limited points in a seemingly unlimited ocean and sky. The island is roughly sixteen kilometers wide and circular in shape. It is just above the equator, north of New Guinea and east of the Philippines (7 degrees north latitude, 158 degrees east longitude). On this island, whose name is literally translated as “upon a stone altar,” live approximately 30,000 Pohnpeians and a smaller fraction of settlers from outlying atolls to the east and south. Thick jungle growth covers the now inactive volcano that once rose straight from the ocean floor. Almost all the shore of the island is protected from eroding ocean waves by a dense mangrove swamp and an outer coral reef. Rainfall can be as high as 400 inches per year in the interior and is commonly around 200 inches in other areas. Temperatures range between 80 and 90 degrees Fahrenheit with very high humidity.
Honorific Possession: Grammatical Relations of Control and Permanence
Authors: Keating Elizabeth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the previous chapter I described status marking of paths and locations in space through verbs of movement. In this chapter I discuss honorific possessive constructions, which signify status marked relations of ownership as well as relations of proximity. I incorporate linguistic and interactional data with ethnographic data about Pohnpeian society and cultural beliefs, particularly notions about the meaning and construction of ranked social relationships. Pohnpeian possessive constructions not only constitute cultural categories of rank and power relations but dynamically resort or reclassify these categories through honorific speech. In this chapter I show how Pohnpeian possessive classifiers provide data for understanding the importance of certain domains of power transfer and power sharing, and the importance of rank to cognitive organization schemes in Pohnpei.
Exercising Due Diligence
Authors: Hitt Michael A , Harrison Jeffrey S , Ireland R Duane 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
According to Mark Sirower of the New York University, all effective acquisitions begin with a strategic vision. He argues that management’s vision of an acquisition should be clear to the firm’s many constituent groups and adaptable to many potentially unknown circumstances. Further, he suggests that a strategic vision is one of the cornerstones of a firm’s ability to achieve synergy from an acquisition.1 Warren Helman, former CEO of Lehman Brothers, suggests that because so many mergers and acquisitions fail, we should presume failure with each one. He argues that decision-makers in the acquiring firm should have the bur­ den of proof to show that they can provide positive outcomes.2 There are multiple reasons for acquisition failure, including the lack of appropriate due diligence.
Looking for Complementary Resources
Authors: Hitt Michael A , Harrison Jeffrey S , Ireland R Duane 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Finalized in February 1999, the $4 billion merger between Oryx Energy Co. and Kerr-McGee Corp. is an example of a transaction that company executives believe will allow the sharing of complementary resources. As the world’s fourth-largest independent oil and gas exploration and Production Company, the merged firm (with Kerr-McGee Corporation as its new name) is thought to have the potential needed to increase share­ holder value. At the time of the merger’s announcement, Luke R. Corbett, the chairman and CEO of Kerr-McGee, suggested the expectation of enhanced performance. In Corbett’s view, “This strategic merger creates value for both Kerr-McGee and Oryx shareholders.
Avoiding the Hazards of Diversification
Authors: Hitt Michael A , Harrison Jeffrey S , Ireland R Duane 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In June 1999, AlliedSignal Inc. agreed to acquire Honeywell Inc. in an exchange of stock valued at slightly less than $15 billion. AlliedSignal’s CEO, Lawrence A. Bossidy, described the acquisition in this way: “AlliedSignal’s tie-up with Honeywell gives us diversity. It gives us reach.” Furthermore, he stated that the acquisition would integrate AlliedSignal’s “insatiable appetite for efficiency with the technological progress of Honeywell.” Both firms are considered industrial conglomerates, but each had a business or businesses in the aerospace sector. While their aero­ space businesses focused on different market segments, they also have the potential to complement one another. The combined firm is generating approximately 40 percent of its revenues from the integrated aerospace businesses.
Deciding If Innovation Can Be Acquired Successfully
Authors: Hitt Michael A , Harrison Jeffrey S , Ireland R Duane 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Founded as the Newell Manufacturing Company, but known now as Newell Rubbermaid, Inc., this firm manufactures and markets multiple lines of high-volume staple consumer products. Employing over 32,000 globally, the company’s products are sold through a variety of retail and wholesale distribution channels.
Hypoglycemia
Authors: Cryer Philip E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This is a comprehensive treatment of hypoglycemia written by a leading investigator in the field who is also an active clinician. It applies up-to-date concepts of the physiology of glucose counterregulation-the mechanisms that normally prevent or rapidly correct hypoglycemia and thus defend the brain from its devestating effects-and of the pathophysiology of those mechanisms which were largely unknown when previous books on the topic were published, to the diagnosis and treatment of the clinical problem. While its early chapters provide a detailed scientific background, its clinical chapters (on hypoglycemia in diabetes mellitus, the hypoglycemic disorders and the approach to the patient with hypoglycemia) provide much practical guidance for physicians.
Two Ideological Stances in Taking Guilty Pleas
Authors: Philips Susan U 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In chapter 3 I showed how the judges index elements of the written procedural rule, Rule 17, that governs Arizona guilty pleas, and in so doing adhere to the written law. The guilty plea procedure can be thought of as a sequence of topics, discrete discourse units, each of which indexes a different aspect of Rule 17. At the same time, written case law from Arizona appellate courts that interprets Rule 17 influenced the way the judges with whom I worked hear guilty pleas. Case law interpreting Rule 17 only requires the judges to make sure during the guilty plea that there is evidence in the written record of the defendant’s case that the plea is knowing and voluntary. Rule 17 itself, on the other hand, states that knowingness and voluntariness must be established through interaction with defendants themselves. As I also explained in Chapter 3, all the judges create a string of topics that index different parts of Rule 17. All do more than case law requires of them and less than Rule 17 asks of them. In their spoken procedures, then, the judges reflect the influence of more than one genre of written law but no slavish adherence to either of the genres on which I focus, so we begin to get a sense of the interpretive agency of the judges as social actors.
Human Resource Management and Knowledge-Driven Work Systems
Authors: Cutcher-Gershenfeld Joel , Nitta Michio , Barrett Betty J , Belhedi Nejib , Chow Simon Soi-Chung , Inaba Takashi , lshino lwao , Lin Wen-Jeng , Moore Michael , Mothersell William M , Palthe Jennifer , Ramanand Shobha , Strolle Mark E , Wheaton Arthur C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For most of this century, workers were hired to be a pair of hands to serve a machine. The tasks and goals of what were then referred to as personnel managers were fundamentally different. Under the mass production model, employees were screened for health and ability to withstand the labor of the assembly line. Technical skills were important for a small group of workers involved in craftwork such as die making and pipe fitting. This same logic reached beyond the factories to office and retail settings.
Toxicity of Nicotine Replacement in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Rennard Stephen I , Daughton, David , Windle John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Both cigarette smoking and nicotine are known to have a number of cardiovascular effects. Specifically, smoking can increase heart rate and acutely increase blood pressure’-4; nicotine can produce similar effects.’-’ These effects should in­ crease myocardial oxygen demand. In addition, smoking may induce coronary vasoconstriction in the presence of coronary artery disease.8•9 Nicotine itself may also decrease coronary blood flow, perhaps by activating an a-adrenergic­ mediated process.10 11 Taken together, these effects could impair myocardial oxygen delivery and lead to symptoms in smokers with coronary artery disease. Since coronary artery disease might be relatively common in smokers, such toxicity could be important clinically during nicotine replacement therapy. To help ad­ dress this question, three studies have been conducted specifically to assess cardiac toxicity in individuals with coronary artery disease.
Dependence on and Abuse of Nicotine Replacement Medications: An Update
Authors: Hughes John R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The terms dependence and abuse can be used in reference to premarket testing (“dependence/abuse potential/liability”) and also to clinical syndromes. Abuse and dependence syndromes have well-accepted definitions in the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition (JCD-10)’ and the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 4th edition (DSM-IV).
Implicatures of Styleswitching in the Narrative Voice of Cormac McCarthy’s All the Pretty Horses
Authors: Kreml Nancy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cormac McCarthy’S NOVELS pose many problems for the reader: Issues of history, philosophy, religion, abnormal psychology, and mythology are intertwined with problems of style and structure. Adding especially to the difficulty of reading All the Pretty Horses (1992) is the problematic narrative voice. The narrative voice is the reader’s primary access to the events of the novel and their significance, yet the experience of reading the novel is often like that of observing a play or film:
Markedness and References to Characters in Biblical Hebrew Narratives
Authors: Wilt Timothy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Several Years Ago, a translation team and I considered how to deal with passages such as the following from the prophet Haggai, in the Hebrew Scriptures: I will fill this house with splendor, says the LORD of hosts. The silver is mine, and the gold is mine, says the LORD of hosts. The latter splendor of this house shall be greater than the former, says the LORD of hosts; and in this place I will give prosperity, says the LORD of hosts.1
Villainous Boys: On Some Marked Exchanges in Romeo and Juliet
Authors: Howard-Hill Trevor 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Fundamental Principle of the markedness model, the negotiation principle, can apply to literary works of the early modern period as well as to conversations: Choose the form of your conversation contribution such that it indexes the set of rights and obligations which you wish to be in force between speaker and addressee for the current exchange.
A Case for Adverb Phrases in Spec
Authors: Cinque Guglielmo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although the adjunction of AdvPs to (nonargumental) maximal projections is commonly assumed in the current literature, there seem to be both conceptual and empirical reasons for locating them in the (unique) Spec positions of distinct maximal projections. The relative order of AdvPs established in the previous chapter, in interaction with the distribution of (active) past participles and finite verbs in Italian, offer an empirical argument for locating AdvPs in Spec. Before examining this argument, I mention possible conceptual considerations also favoring the location of AdvPs in Spec.
Some Implications and Residual Questions
Authors: Cinque Guglielmo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The conjecture that AdvPs are specifiers of distinct functional heads, entering with them a transparent semantic relation, raises a number of issues. One is the question of parameterization. How much variation should UG allow in the number and type of functional projections available to different languages? The strongest position would be that UG allows no variation at all. The evidence discussed above seems to suggest that this position may actually be tenable. Languages do not seem to differ as to whether they have aspectual projections higher or lower than mood projections, epistemic modality higher or lower than root modality, etc. The order appears cross-linguistically invariant. The limited cases of apparent variation (§6.4) all seem to involve agreement and negation in relation to other functional heads. But we have seen that precisely AgrPs (rather, DP-related projections) and NegPs are generable in many different positions among the adverb-related functional projections. It is thus tempting to interpret such variation as stemming from a pure “spell-out” option: whether a language lexicalizes a higher or lower Agr or Neg. A related question is whether we should take the entire array of functional projections to be present in every sentence.
Symbolism and Reality
Authors: Windlesham Lord 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the single-issue House bills (H.R. 3355), authorizing the provision of federal funds for community policing, became the vehicle for the comprehensive legislation that was enacted many months later. Although stemming from a Clinton campaign pledge, the community policing initiative had won allparty support in Congress. It was, however, the most expensive element in the package and raised the question of how the extra money was to be found. The funding of costly new programs is a perennial problem for legislators, never more so than when, as in late 1993, Congress had just put in place caps on appropriations in endorsing the administration’s five-year deficit-reduction plan.
Judging the Image of New Deal Court Judging
Authors: Cushman Barry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The notion that the Court’s behavior in 1937 was a response to political events is symptomatic of a larger view of the relationship between constitutional thought and partisan politics. Under this view, constitutional doctrine is entirely superstructural, indeed downright disingenuous, little more than a beard for what are at bottom judicial evaluations of the wisdom of legislative policy. When a judge reviews the constitutionality of a given piece of legislation, he first decides whether it embraces a political, social, or economic policy with which he concurs. Having made this essentially political determination, he then instructs his law clerk to go out and find the precedents that will support the result he desires. Under this view, then, the role of the judge is essentially that of a policy-making legislator-with the exception that the judge (or, more often, his law clerk) is inconvenienced by the professional requirement that he dream up some technical mumbo-jumbo to justify his decision. Judges may accordingly be classified, deified, or vilified using the richly descriptive language of our political taxonomy: “moderate,” “liberal,” “conservative.” This view of judicial history has frequently been adopted by historians inclined to Progressive views, with the result that the judicial history of the New Deal (and of other eras) often depicts the Court as the conservative handmaiden of industrial and financial elites, advocating the interests of the wealthy and powerful at the expense of farmers, laborers, and debtors. Only as a result of the Court-packing plan and/or the 1936 election, the story goes, was the Court persuaded to uphold legislative measures designed to ameliorate the condition of these common people.
The Public/Private Distinction and the Minimum Wage
Authors: Cushman Barry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Public/Private Matrix of Substantive Due Process The distinction between public and private spheres was one of the fundamental concepts of nineteenth-and early twentieth-century American law. The tendrils of the public/private distinction permeated everything from nuisance law to contracts clause jurisprudence, from the law of civil rights to the law of riparian rights.
Racial Divisions and Judicial Obstructions
Authors: Rabkin Jeremy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Historians may well look back on 1995 as the year that marked the end of “the civil rights era.” It began with the transfer of power in Washington to new conservative majorities in Congress, promising substantial cutbacks in federal interference in American society. Before the year was out, the nation’s capital played host to a Million Man March, organized by Nation of Islam leader Louis Farrakhan, a purveyor of hate against Jews, Asian Americans, and whites. It was a fearful counterpart to Rev. Martin Luther King’s celebrated March on Washington in the summer of 1963, at the outset of the civil rights era: whereas King had preached to a multiracial crowd on behalf of federal enforcement of civil rights, Farrakhan preached a message of black self-help to an exclusively black crowd-and Farrakhan drew two or three times as large a crowd as King.
The Limits of Autarky, Regional Networks and Industrial Adaptation In Silicon Valley and Route 128
Authors: Saxenian Annalee 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The competitive advantages of regional clusters have become the focus of scholarly and policy attention. Once only the province of economic geographers and regional scientists, the work of Krugman (1991) and Porter (1990) has spurred widespread interest in regions and regional development. These newcomers have ignored an already extensive and sophisticated literature on the dynamics of industrial localization (see, for example, Scott, 1988a,b; Storper, 1989; Vernon, 1960). Yet, like their predecessors, they share a reliance on external economies to explain the advantages that are derived from the spatial of clustering of economic activity. In this chapter I compare California’s Silicon Valley and Route 128 in Massachusetts to suggest the limits of the concept of external economies and propose an alternative, network approach to analyzing regional economies. The common notion of external economies is based on an assumption that the firm is an atomistic unit of production with clearly defined boundaries. By drawing a sharp distinction between what occurs inside and what occurs outside the firm, scholars overlook the complex and historically evolved relations between the internal organization of firms and their connections to one another and the social structures and institutions of a particular locality. The network perspective helps explain the divergent performance of apparently comparable regional clusters, such as Silicon Valley and Route 128, and provides important insights into the local sources of competitive advantage. This comparison also illuminates important parallels between the organization of production in Silicon Valley-which itself is increasingly part of the Pacific Rim-and the fast-growing economies of Asia.
The Normative-Empirical Split: Reality or Illusion?
Authors: Rosenthal Sandra B , Buchholz Rogene A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For the most part, scholars who are interested in business ethics seem to have split into two camps, talking about two kinds of business ethics-the normative and the empirical. The former is considered to be a prescriptive approach, and the latter an explanatory, descriptive, or predictive approach. Normative business ethics is the domain of philosophers and theologians, while empirical business ethics is considered to be the domain of management consultants and business school professors. Scholars who represent these different domains are said to be guided by different theories, assumptions, and norms which often result in misunderstanding or lack of appreciation for each others’ endeavors.
Old Bags and New Wine: The Reason of the Founders
Authors: Smith Steven D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The founding generation’s conception of “reason” resulted from the convergence of two traditions-one ancient, the other relatively modern. The ancient tradition was linked to what we might call the classical conception of Nature and the Great Chain of Being philosophy. The more modern tradition might be described as the antitraditional spirit of Cartesian rationalism. The modern element is the more familiar one, and the one we typically associate with “the Enlightenment”; it is also, not surprisingly, the aspect of the founders’ reason that we are inclined to regard as most worthy of celebration. Considered by itself, however, the modern element conveys a badly distorted image of what reason meant to the founding generation. In addition, if we are attuned only to the modern strand, we will likely perceive the important continuities but overlook the critical disjunctions between the founders’ constitutional vision and our own. Hence, this chapter’s discussion will begin by at­ tempting an exposition of the more ancient, and more alien, component of the founders’ reason.
Antithesis
Authors: Fahnestock Jeanne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In his speech defending Helen of Troy against blame for the Trojan War, the sophist Gorgias argues that if fate and the gods caused Helen’s love of Paris, she herself was not responsible for her acts. Gorgias bases his argument on the premise that mortals like Helen are always weaker than gods, and, as everyone must acknowledge, “the stronger leads, the weaker follows” In George Kennedy’s translation (1991, 285) and in the original Greek (Diels 1922, 251), the grounding warrant of Gorgias’ argument takes a verbal form identified over two thousand years ago: it is an antithesis. Sophists like Gorgias became famous among their contemporaries for fusing sense and sound into phrases such as the antithesis that captivate a listener’s attention while delivering a trenchant argument. The device that so dazzled the Athenians in the fifth century B.C.E. was, however, in use long before the invention of writing and the early Greek attention to rhetoric. It is a frequently used form in orally transmitted wisdom literature: “A wise son makes a glad father/but a foolish son is a sorrow to his mother” (Proverbs 10:1).
Incrementum and Gradatio
Authors: Fahnestock Jeanne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1857, the British Admiralty sent the H.M.S. Cyclops to sound the depths of the Atlantic Ocean and test the firmness of its bottom for laying a transatlantic tele graph cable. Samples from the ocean-bottom ooze hauled aboard found their way into the laboratory of Thomas Henry Huxley, once a Navy surgeon and a former shipmate of the Cyclops’ captain (Huxley 1968, 10). When, ten years later, Huxley reexamined his bottled specimens under the microscope, his prepared eye now discerned gelatinous bodies in the muck, bodies that he took to be the preserved specimens of loosely structured living forms, amorphous masses of protoplasm newly identified as the universal stuff of life. He christened this new form Bathybius haeckelii after the German zoologist Ernst Haeckel, a fervent Darwinian and systematist of the “protista” or unicellular forms of life.