bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevention of hepatitis B virus infection from hepatitis B core antibody‐positive donor graft using hepatitis B immune globulin and lamivudine in living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Suehiro Taketoshi , Shimada Mitsuo , Kishikawa Keiji , Shimura Tatsuo , Soejima Yuji , Yoshizumi Tomoharu , Hashimoto Kohji , Mochida Yasushi , Maehara Yoshihiko , Kuwano Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2005

Abstract: Background: Hepatic grafts from hepatitis B surface antigen‐negative and anti‐core antibody (HBcAb)‐positive donors have been shown to transmit hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Recently, it has been reported that combined hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) and lamivudine therapy is effective in the prevention of hepatitis B recurrence after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). In this report, we assessed the efficacy of combined HBIG and lamivudine therapy in preventing HBV transmission by graft with HBcAb‐positive donors.Methods: We studied 22 patients who had undergone LDLT with allografts from HBcAb‐positive living donors at Gunma University Hospital and Kyushu University Hospital. Long‐term combined HBIG and lamivudine therapy were administrated to all recipients. Serum samples from the donor and recipient were tested for HBcAb, HBV DNA, and hepatitis B surface antibody. Liver biopsies from grafts were tested for HBV DNA.Results: All recipients were HBcAb negative before LDLT. All of the donor livers were HBV DNA positive at the time of LDLT. All of the recipients had HBsAb titers greater than 300 mIU/ml 4 weeks after LDLT, and remained 100 mIU/ml thereafter. None of the recipients have become infected with HBV with a follow‐up of 25–86 months.Conclusions: Perioperative combined HBIG and lamivudine therapy can prevent HBV infection in recipients who receive liver grafts from HBcAb‐positive donors.
Tumor necrosis factor gene polymorphisms and clearance or progression of hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Niro Grazia Anna , Fontana Rosanna , Gioffreda Domenica , Valvano Maria Rosa , Lacobellis Angelo , Facciorusso Domenico , Andriulli Angelo 
Published: September 2005

Abstract: Objectives: We evaluated the influence of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) promoter gene polymorphisms on clearance of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and outcome of HBV chronic hepatitis.Methods: Four TNF‐α promoter polymorphisms (T‐1031C, C‐863A, G‐308A, and G‐238A) were evaluated by direct sequencing in 184 chronic HBV carriers hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive and 96 controls with documented sero‐clearance (HBsAg negativity, positivity for anti‐HBs and anti‐HBc IgG). Frequencies of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes in the control group were compared with those of the chronic carrier group and with clinically defined subgroups of the latter: asymptomatic carriers, patients with compensated hepatitis, decompensated cirrhotics, and patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Furthermore, subgroups of chronic carriers were compared among them.Results: In the chronic carrier group, the −308G allele was more frequent in those with a family history of HBV infection (96% vs 88% of those with non‐familial transmission). The G/G genotype at position −308 was found in all chronic carriers with decompensated cirrhosis but in only 78% of controls (P=0.01) and was more frequent in decompensated cirrhotics than in the other subgroups. The distribution of TNF‐α gene polymorphisms in the carrier group was not significantly different from that in the sero‐clearance control group. TNF‐α SNPs at positions −1031/−863 and −863/−238 were in linkage disequilibrium. The TCGG haplotype (−T1031, −C863, −G308, −G238) was significantly associated with end‐stage liver disease.Conclusion: The TNF‐α promoter polymorphisms do not appear to be determinant of HBV sero‐clearance in southern Italians. The genotype −308G/G and haplotype TCGG are associated with an unfavorable prognosis in patients with chronic HBV infection.
Reengineering transfusion and cellular therapy processes hospitalwide: ensuring the safe utilization of blood products
Authors: Brooks Jay P. 
Published: September 2005

Efforts to make blood transfusion as safe as possible have focused on making the blood in the bag as disease‐free as possible. The results have been dramatic, and the costs have been correspondingly high. Although blood services will have to continue to deal with emerging pathogens, efforts to reduce the transfusion of infectious agents presently posing a risk will require high incremental costs and result in only improvements of a small magnitude.The other aspect of safe blood transfusion, the actual transfusion process performed primarily in hospitals, has been accorded considerably less interest. We should turn our attention to enhancing overall blood safety by focusing on improving the process of blood transfusion. Errors involving patient, specimen, and blood product identification put transfused patients at risk, increasing the mortality risk for some. Solutions that could improve the transfusion process are discussed as a focus of this article.
Navigating the information technology highway: computer solutions to reduce errors and enhance patient safety
Authors: Koshy Ranie 
Published: September 2005

Standardized, seamless, integrated information technology in the health‐care environment used with other industry tools can markedly decrease preventable errors or adverse events and increase patient safety. According to an Institute of Medicine (IOM) report released in 1999, preventable errors have caused between 44,000 and 98,000 deaths per year. Following the report, President Bill Clinton requested that the Agency of Healthcare Research and Quality, a government agency, look into the issue and fund, at the local or state level, processes that can reduce errors. Funding subsequently was made available for research that utilizes best practice tools in clinical practice to increase patient safety.The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organization has placed a great deal of emphasis on strategies to reduce patient identification errors. Fragmented systems tout the individual as well as enhanced safety applications. These applications, however, are related to prevention in specific conditions and in specific health‐care settings. Systems are not integrated with common reference data and common terminology aggregated at a regional or national level to provide access to patient safety risks for timely interventions before errors and adverse events occur. Standardized integrated patient care information systems are not available either on a regional or on a national level.This article examines tangible options to increase patient safety through improved state‐of‐the‐art tools that can be incorporated into the health‐care system to prevent errors.
Der Lindenbaum in der deutschen Literatur des 18. und 19. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Hentschel Uwe 
Published: September 2005

‘‘Linden, die grünen Muhmen der deutschen Eichen…’’1Lange galt die Eiche unter den Deutschen als der Baum, der ihr Wesen idealiter repräsentierte. Doch neben den zumeist kriegerischen Gesängen, in denen die Kraft, der Bestand und die eherne Festigkeit des Eichenbaums symbolisch für die eigene nationale Selbstdarstellung beansprucht wurde, existierte immer schon eine Baum‐Dichtung, in der konterkarierend bzw. ergänzend auf eine andere Seite deutscher Mentalität hingewiesen wurde.Die Linde mit ihren herzförmigen Blättern und ihrem narkotisierenden Blütenduft wurde schon im Mittelalter als Baum der Liebe und der Leidenschaft besungen, wovon nicht zuletzt das Lied Under der linden an der heide, da unser zweier Bette was von Walter von der Vogelweide ein beredtes Zeugnis ablegt. Und so wurde der Baum auch später von den Dichtern immer wieder aufgerufen, wenn es darum ging, Verlangen, Zuneigung, aber auch Trennung und Tod der Liebenden nacherlebbar zu gestalten.Im 18. Jahrhundert gehörte der Lindenbaum zum festen Bestandteil der Idyllendichtung; von ihm machten Johann Heinrich Voß und Goethe gleichermaßen Gebrauch. Letzterer gab in seinen wirkungsmächtigen Werken Die Leiden des jungen Werthers und Hermann und Dorothea Beispiele dafür, wie mit Hilfe des Baumes eine idyllische bzw. eine erhabene Stimmung erzeugt werden kann. Die Literatur der Aufklärung bis hin zur Romantik verweist auf die herausgehobene Bedeutung der Linde in der bürgerlichen Alltagskultur, zugleich steht sie besonders im 19. Jahrhundert – exemplarisch sei auf Wilhelm Müllers Der Lindenbaum verwiesen – für die Sehnsucht nach Geborgenheit in einer Welt von moderner Zerissenheit und Entfremdung. Und so setzt die Linde ganz im Gegensatz zur ‘‘martialischen’’ Eiche einen anderen, mentalitätsgeschichtlich bedeutsamen Charakterzug der Deutschen ins Bild, den des romantisch liebenden Bürgers.
Analysis of Tangential-Against-Rotation Injection Lomakin
Bearings
Authors: Arghir Mihai , Hélène Mathieu , Frene Jean 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
This work presents a thin film flow model for analyzing the static and dynamic characteristics of centered, eccentric or misaligned tangential-against-rotation injection Lomakin bearings. The Lomakin bearing is a recent device intended for use in modern turbomachinery and having characteristics similar to hybrid bearings. It can be described as an ensemble of two opposing straight annular seals separated by a circumferential feeding groove. The fluid is supplied to the groove via orifice restrictors. Their tangential inclination generates an against-rotation circumferential flow in the groove that further penetrates into the thin film. This effect, known from annular seals as the prerotation speed, improves the dynamic characteristics of the bearing. A good description of the flow in the circumferential groove and the thin film is obtained from a full Navier–Stokes calculation of the centered bearing. The zero and first order analyses are then carried out by recognizing the crucial importance of taking into account the interaction between the flow in the thin film lands, the circumferential groove and the supply orifices. Due to the high Reynolds number regime, the land flow is governed by the two-dimensional thin film inertia equations (the “bulk flow” model). A one-dimensional circumferential flow dominated by inertia forces is assumed to take place in the groove and is described by an appropriate bulk flow equation. The flows in the supply orifices, the groove and the thin film lands are linked together by the same mass flow rate balance algorithm as used for hydrostatic and hybrid bearings analysis. The algorithm is extended to Lomakin bearings by considering the groove areas surrounding each orifice as a row of intercommunicating feeding pockets. This approach enables the analysis of centered, eccentric or misaligned Lomakin bearings. Comparisons with water-lubricated test results are used to validate the present model. For the zero eccentricity case a good agreement is obtained for the cross-coupled stiffness and for the whirl frequency ratio. A parametric study shows the variation of the bearing characteristics with increasing static eccentricity or misalignment.
A COLLAPSING METHOD FOR THE EFFICIENT RECOVERY OF OPTIMAL EDGES IN PHYLOGENETIC TREES
Authors: HU MICHAEL , KEARNEY PAUL , BADGER JONATHAN 
Published: September 2005

As the amount of sequencing efforts and genomic data volume continue to increase at an accelerated rate, phylogenetic analysis provides an evolutionary context for understanding and interpreting this growing set of complex data. We introduce a novel quartet based method for inferring molecular based phylogeny called hypercleaning* (HC*). The HC* method is based on the hypercleaning (HC) technique,2 which possesses an interesting property of recovering edges (of a phylogenetic tree) that are best supported by the witness quartet set. HC* extends HC in two regards: (i) whereas HC constrains the input quartet set to be unweighted (binary valued), HC* allows any positive valued quartet scores, enabling more informative quartets to be defined. (ii) HC* employs a novel collapsing technique which significantly speeds up the inference stage, making it empirically on par with quartet puzzling in terms of speed, while still guaranteeing optimal edge recovery as in HC. This paper is primarily aimed at presenting the algorithmic construction of HC*. We also report some preliminary studies on an implementation of HC* as a potentially powerful approximation scheme for maximum likelihood based inference. Details of proofs can be found in report at: ().
E6 and E7 Oncoproteins Induce Distinct Patterns of Chromosomal Aneuploidy in Skin Tumors from Transgenic Mice
Authors: Schaeffer Anthony J. , Nguyen Marie , Liem Amy , Lee Denis , Montagna Cristina , Lambert Paul F. , Ried Thomas , Difilippantonio Michael J. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Inactivation of the tumor suppressor genes p53 and Rb are two of the most common genetic alterations in cancer cells. We use a mouse model to dissect the consequences of compromising the function of either of these genes on the maintenance of genomic stability. Thirteen cell lines established from skin tumors of mice expressing either the E6 or E7 oncoprotein of the human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 under control of the keratin 14 promoter were analyzed by comparative genomic hybridization, spectral karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization, reverse transcription-PCR, and mutation analysis. Deducing from the wealth of molecular cytogenetic data available from human cancers, we hypothesized that the more benign tumors in mice expressing E7 would be distinct from the more aggressive lesions in E6 transgenic mice. Tumorigenesis in E6-expressing mice required specifically the selection and maintenance of cells with extra copies of chromosome 6. Aneuploidy of chromosome 6 was independent of activating mutations in H-ras on chromosome 7. Expression of either E6 or E7 resulted in centrosome aberrations, indicating that each viral oncoprotein interferes independently with the centrosome cycle. Although centrosome aberrations are consistent with development of aneuploidy, no direct correlation was evident between the degree of aneuploidy and the percentage of cells with aberrant centrosomes. Our results show that although aneuploidy and centrosome aberrations are present in tumor cells from mice expressing either E6 or E7, tumorigenesis via E6 requires copy number increases of mouse chromosome 6, which is partially orthologous to human chromosome 3q, a region gained in HPV-associated carcinomas.
Stromal Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Regulates the Vascular Architecture in Neuroblastoma by Promoting Pericyte Recruitment
Authors: Chantrain Christophe F. , Shimada Hiroyuki , Jodele Sonata , Groshen Susan , Ye Wei , Shalinsky David R. , Werb Zena , Coussens Lisa M. , DeClerck Yves A. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractAdvanced stages of neuroblastoma show increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 (Y. Sugiura et al., Cancer Res., 58: 2209–2216, 1998) that have been implicated in many steps of tumor progression, suggesting that they play a contributory role. Using pharmacological and genetic approaches, we have examined the role of these MMPs in progression of SK-N-BE (2).10 human neuroblastoma tumors orthotopically xenotransplanted into immunodeficient mice. Mice treated with Prinomastat, a synthetic inhibitor of MMPs, showed an inhibition of tumor cell proliferation in implanted tumors and a prolonged survival (50 versus 39 days in control group, P &lt; 0.035). Treatment with Prinomastat did not affect formation of liver metastases (P = 0.52) but inhibited intravascular colonization by the tumor cells in the lung by 73.8% (P = 0.03) and angiogenesis in both primary tumors and experimental liver metastases. The primary tumors from Prinomastat-treated mice showed a 39.3% reduction in endothelial area detected by PECAM/CD31 staining in tumor sections (P &lt; 0.001), primarily due to the presence of smaller vessels (P = 0.004). MMP-2 is expressed by neuroblastoma tumor cells and stromal cells, whereas MMP-9 is exclusively expressed by stromal cells, particularly vascular cells. To examine the contribution of MMP-9 to tumor angiogenesis, we generated RAG1/MMP-9 double-deficient mice. We observed a significant inhibition of angiogenesis in the immunodeficient RAG1/MMP-9 double-deficient mice orthotopically implanted with tumor cells (P = 0.043) or implanted s.c. with a mixture of tumor cells and Matrigel (P &lt; 0.001). Using an FITC-labeled lectin, we demonstrated an inhibition in the architecture of the tumor vasculature in MMP-9-deficient mice, resulting in fewer and smaller blood vessels. These changes were associated with a 48% decrease in pericytes present along microvessels. Taken together, the data demonstrate that in neuroblastoma, stromally derived MMP-9 contributes to angiogenesis by promoting blood vessel morphogenesis and pericyte recruitment.
Expression of the Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Axl Promotes Ocular Melanoma Cell Survival
Authors: van Ginkel Paul R. , Gee Ricardo L. , Shearer Rebecca L. , Subramanian Lalita , Walker Teresa M. , Albert Daniel M. , Meisner Lorraine F. , Varnum Brian C. , Polans Arthur S. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Metastatic tumor cells originating from cancers of a variety of tissues such as breast, skin, and prostate may remain dormant for long periods of time. In the case of uveal melanoma, the principal malignancy of the eye, complete removal of the primary tumor by enucleation can nonetheless be followed by metastatic tumor growth in distant organs months, years, or even decades later. This suggests that tumor cells have already spread to secondary sites at the time of treatment and remain dormant as micrometastases. Identifying factors that govern long-lived survival of metastatic tumor cells is therefore key to decreasing mortality associated with this and other diseases. While investigating factors differentially expressed in melanoma cells and normal melanocytes, we identified the receptor tyrosine kinase Axl and found up-regulation of Axl in uveal melanomas and melanoma cell lines by RNase protection, Western analysis, and immunohistochemistry. Axl has been shown to mediate cell growth and survival through its ligand Gas6 in non-transformed cells. To test whether stimulation of Axl can enhance survival of uveal melanoma cells, we assessed the degree of mitogenesis and cell survival by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation and trypan blue exclusion, respectively, upon stimulation of Mel 290 uveal melanoma cells with Gas6 in vitro. We show that Gas6 mediates mitogenesis and cell survival in Mel 290 cells. We further demonstrate that these effects occur specifically through the Axl receptor by modulating the expression of Axl with an antisense construct. cDNA microarray analysis of 12,687 genes then revealed that Gas6 stimulation of Axl in Mel 290 cells results primarily in the down-regulation of Cyr61, a member of the CCN protein family involved in tumor progression. These data show that the Axl pathway mediates increased survival of uveal melanoma cells, potentially advantageous during cancer dormancy, and that Axl may function in part through regulation of Cyr61.
Interleukin-1β Regulates Angiopoietin-1 Expression in Human Endothelial Cells
Authors: Fan Fan , Stoeltzing Oliver , Liu Wenbiao , McCarty Marya F. , Jung Young D. , Reinmuth Niels , Ellis Lee M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractAngiopoietin (Ang)-1 is an important regulator of endothelial cell (EC) survival and stabilization. Ang-1 exerts its biological effects by binding to the EC-specific tyrosine kinase receptor Tie-2, and initiates intracellular signaling in ECs. However, regulatory mechanisms for endothelial Ang-1 expression have not been completely elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effects of angiogenic cytokines and growth factors on Ang-1 expression in human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs). Northern blot analysis was performed after HUVECs were exposed to interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α, platelet-derived growth factor-BB, insulin-like growth factor-1, or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Both IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α caused marked down-regulation of Ang-1 mRNA levels at 4 h with a further decrease observed at 24 h. Using signaling inhibitors, we identified the P38 pathway as the pathway that mediates IL-1β down-regulation of Ang-1. Furthermore, treatment of cells with IL-1β indirectly (via down-regulation of Ang-1) led to a decrease in Tie-2 autophosphorylation levels in HUVECs. We previously demonstrated that IL-1β regulates VEGF expression in tumor cells. This observation was confirmed in ECs in the present study. Because pericytes play a role in regulating EC function, we also determined whether IL-1β would also down-regulate Ang-1 in human vascular smooth muscle cells. Similar to our findings in HUVECs, we found that IL-1β decreased Ang-1 expression in human vascular smooth muscle cells. Direct effects of IL-1β on angiogenesis were investigated by use of an in vivo Gelfoam angiogenesis assay in which IL-1β produced a significant increase in vessel counts (P = 0.0189). These results suggest that IL-1β indirectly regulates angiogenesis by modulating the expression of Ang-1. IL-1β may trigger a proangiogenic response by decreasing Ang-1 levels in ECs and pericytes and up-regulating VEGF in ECs and tumor cells.
Cyclophilin D, a Component of the Permeability Transition-Pore, Is an Apoptosis Repressor
Authors: Schubert Alexis , Grimm Stefan 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
The permeability transition (PT)-pore is an important proapoptotic protein complex in mitochondria. Although it is activated by many signals for apoptosis induction, the role of its various subunits in cell death induction has remained largely unknown. We found that of its components, only the voltage-dependent anion channel in the outer mitochondrial membrane and the adenine nucleotide translocator-1 (ANT-1), a PT-pore subunit of the inner membrane, are apoptosis inducers. We also report that ANT-1’s direct interactor, cyclophilin D, can specifically repress ANT-1-induced apoptosis. In addition, cotransfection experiments revealed that for a diverse range of apoptosis inducers, cyclophilin D shows the same repression profile as the compound bongkrekic acid, a specific inhibitor of the PT-pore. This activity seems to be independent of its chaperone activity, the only known function of cyclophilin D to date. Importantly, cyclophilin D is specifically up-regulated in human tumors of the breast, ovary, and uterus, suggesting that inhibition of the PT-pore via up-regulation of cyclophilin D plays a role in tumorigenesis.
Soluble Decoy Receptor 3 Induces Angiogenesis by Neutralization of TL1A, a Cytokine Belonging to Tumor Necrosis Factor Superfamily and Exhibiting Angiostatic Action
Authors: Yang Chia-Ron , Hsieh Shie-Liang , Teng Che-Ming , Ho Feng-Ming , Su Wen-Ling , Lin Wan-Wan 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
TL1A is a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily and plays an important role in regulating endothelial cell apoptosis. A previous study shows TL1A is able to interact with death receptor 3 and decoy receptor 3 (DcR3). Here, we demonstrate that DcR3 is able to induce angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). DcR3 promotes HUVEC proliferation and migration and up-regulates matrix metalloproteinase-2 mRNA expression and enzyme activity. Furthermore, DcR3 enhances EC differentiation into cord vascular-like structures in vitro, as well as neovascularization in vivo. The effects of DcR3 on HUVECs are also mimicked by anti-TL1A and antideath receptor 3 antibodies. In contrast, human aortic endothelial cells, which do not express TL1A, are not responsive to DcR3 treatment, including cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenic differentiation. These data demonstrate DcR3 might not only help tumor cells to escape immune surveillance but also induce angiogenesis by blocking TL1A action in endothelial cells. The pathological role of DcR3 in promoting cancer progress raises the possibility to target DcR3 for antiangiogenic therapy in the future.