bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiation Photovoltaics in a 2D Multilayered Chiral‐Polar Halide Perovskite toward Efficient Self‐Driven X‐Ray Detection
Authors: Guan Qianwen , Ye Huang , You Shihai , Zhu Zeng‐Kui , Li Hang , Liu Xitao , Luo Junhua 
Published: November 2023

Abstract2D multilayered organic‐inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs) have exhibited bright prospects for high‐performance self‐driven X‐ray detection due to their strong radiation absorption and long carrier transport. However, as an effective tool for self‐driven X‐ray detection, radiation photovoltaics remain rare, and underdeveloped in multilayered OIHPs. Herein, chirality to induce radiation photovoltaics in 2D multilayered chiral OIHPs is first utilized for efficient self‐driven X‐ray detection. Specifically, under X‐ray irradiation, a multilayered chiral‐polar (S‐BPEA)2FAPb2I7 (1‐S, S‐BPEA = (S)‐1‐4‐Bromophenylethylammonium, FA = formamidinium) shows remarkable radiation photovoltaics of 0.85 V, which endows 1‐S excellent self‐driven X‐ray detection performance with a considerable sensitivity of 87.8 µC Gyair−1 cm−2 and a detection limit low to 161 nGyair s−1. Moreover, the sensitivity is high up to 1985.9 µC Gyair−1 cm−2 under 80 V bias, higher than most those of 2D OIHPs. These results demonstrate that chirality‐induced radiation photovoltaics is an efficient strategy for self‐driven X‐ray detection.
A Comprehensive Evaluation of Battery Technologies for High–Energy Aqueous Batteries
Authors: Zhang Kaiqiang , Wang Luoya , Ma Changlong , Yuan Zijie , Wu Chao , Ye Jilei , Wu Yuping 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAqueous batteries have garnered significant attention in recent years as a viable alternative to lithium‐ion batteries for energy storage, owing to their inherent safety, cost‐effectiveness, and environmental sustainability. This study offers a comprehensive review of recent advancements, persistent challenges, and the prospects of aqueous batteries, with a primary focus on energy density compensation of various battery engineering technologies. Additionally, cutting‐edge high‐energy aqueous battery designs are emphasized as a reference for future endeavors in the pursuit of high‐energy storage solutions. Finally, a dual‐compatibility battery configuration perspective aimed at concurrently optimizing cycle stability, redox potential, capacity utilization for both anode and cathode materials, as well as the selection of potential electrode candidates, is proposed with the ultimate goal of achieving cell‐level energy densities exceeding 400 Wh kg–1.
A robust optimization model for software development costs considering time value of money
Authors: Namdar Mohammadreza , Noorossana Rassoul 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDetermining “software release time” and “testing stop time” is a significant challenge in software projects, as both greatly affect the software cost and reliability. To overcome the drawbacks of past research, this study presents a novel robust optimization approach considering the interval estimation of input parameters for a software reliability growth model. It aims to detect the optimal “software release time” and “testing stop time” to minimize software development costs in an uncertain environment. Additionally, it considers the time value of money for calculating model costs by considering the interest rate and inflation. Generally, this research is the first attempt to use a robust approach for optimizing the software development cost considering the time value of money. The paper investigates the model efficiency in practical situations through a case study and analyzes the effect of the discounted rate and parameters uncertainty on the development cost using a software reliability growth model. The results confirm the prominent role of uncertain parameters and the discounted rate value on software development cost. They also indicate that the proposed mathematical model is more consistent with the actual situation and flexible than the past models with deterministic parameters.
Challenges and opportunities in 2D high‐entropy alloy electrocatalysts for sustainable energy conversion
Authors: Lu Die , Fu Xinyao , Guo Dong , Ma Wei , Sun Shaohui , Shao Gonglei , Zhou Zhen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) high‐entropy alloys (HEAs) have emerged as promising electrocatalysts due to the benefits of polymetallic coordination and robust electrical conductivity. However, the multiple elements in 2D HEAs pose challenges in achieving a uniform composition and maintaining a 2D limit morphology, complicating their structural characterization. Furthermore, even minor adjustments to the composition can significantly alter the properties of 2D HEAs, underscoring the need for a deeper understanding of their structure–property relationships to advance synthesis and application. Therefore, this review critically examines the intrinsic factors influencing synthesis methods and the practical applications of 2D HEAs in electrocatalysis for sustainable energy conversion. The urgency is emphasized for developing new synthesis techniques, enhancing advanced characterization methods, and gaining profound insights into the functional mechanisms of 2D HEAs.
On Re-Dressing Remote Places: Imaginaries at the Margins
Authors: Ren Carina 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis chapter explores how place-related imaginaries are conjured at the naval base of Grønnedal located in the Arsuk fjord in Southn Greenland. Introducing the concept of re-dressing, we see how Grønnedal becomes the subject of contestation among local, national and foreign actors. As geopolitical circumstances led Denmark to reopen Grønnedal in 2017 only a year after it had been abandoned, the Danish Ministry of Defence invited partners to explore how the relatively large, but dilapidated building mass could be put to use for tourism purposes. Located in lush South Greenland, once Greenland’s prime tourism spot but today challenged by depopulation, degrowth and poor physical infrastructure, this seemed the evident choice. Tracing discussions and activities around the re-dressing of Grønnedal, the chapter shows how things, feelings and politics interfered with this ‘obvious’ idea. The story shows how Grønnedal is imagined through tensions of liminality and centrality, abandonment and potentiality and feeds into ongoing, larger discussions of the possible future(s) of Greenland as actors deliberate on how Grønnedal could become a place for tourism, but also—as seen in the emerging discussions, an engine to rebuild regional infrastructure or a camp for refugees. It is suggested that marginal imaginaries of the place as too remote, too emotional or too boring has left the idea unrealised.
Revealing Place Mobility by Walking and Map Analysing
Authors: Einarsdóttir Elva Björg 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe chapter addresses how places are temporal and multilayered. They are obvious and hidden at the same time and always becoming through relational encounters of more-than-humans. In the chapter, the author makes use of two different methods, walking and map analysis, to explore how Western Barðastrandarsýsla county, a marginal place in southern part of the Westfjord peninsula, Iceland, can be and has been defined. Walking is an embodied experience, it relates to all the senses through the lived experience of the body as it moves with the environment. As a research method, walking reveals or produces a sense of understanding of the environment and emergent landscapes. Maps and place name archives produce another kind of knowledge about the landscape, gained and recorded through the ages. By analysing maps and crossing them with embodied experience of walking the old routes of Western Barðastrandarsýsla county, new knowledge can be created that provides understanding of the past and becoming of a place.
Cosmic string gravitational waves from global U(1)B−L symmetry breaking as a probe of the type I seesaw scale
Authors: Fu Bowen , Ghoshal Anish , King Stephen F. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In type I seesaw models, the right-handed neutrinos are typically super-heavy, consistent with the generation of baryon asymmetry via standard leptogenesis. Primordial gravitational waves of cosmological origin provides a new window to probe such high scale physics, which would otherwise be inaccessible. By considering a global U(1)B−L extension of the type I seesaw model, we explore the connection between the heaviest right-handed neutrino mass and primordial gravitational waves arising from the dynamics of global cosmic string network. As a concrete example, we study a global U(1)B−L extension of the Littlest Seesaw model, and show that the inevitable GW signals, if detectable, probe the parameter space that can accommodate neutrino oscillation data and successful leptogenesis, while respecting theoretical constraints like perturbativity of the theory. Including CMB constraints from polarization and dark radiation leaves a large region of parameter space of the model, including the best fit regions, which can be probed by GW detectors like LISA and ET in the near future. In general, the GW detectors can test high scale type I seesaw models with the heaviest right-handed neutrino mass above 2.5 × 1014 GeV, assuming the perturbativity, and 7 × 1013 GeV assuming that the coupling between the heaviest right-handed neutrino and the U(1)B−L breaking scalar is less than unity.
Exploring accelerating hairy black holes in 2+1 dimensions: the asymptotically locally anti-de Sitter class and its holography
Authors: Cisterna Adolfo , Diaz Felipe , Mann Robert B. , Oliva Julio 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the realm of lower-dimensional accelerating spacetimes, it is well-established that the presence of domain walls, which are co-dimension one topological defects, is a necessary condition for their construction. We expand upon the geometric framework employed in the generation of such spacetime solutions by incorporating a conformally coupled scalar field within the matter sector. This endeavor leads to the identification of several new families of three-dimensional accelerating spacetimes with asymptotically locally anti-de Sitter (AdS) behavior. Notably, one of these solutions showcases a hairy generalization of the accelerating BTZ black hole. This solution is constructed at both slow and rapid phases of acceleration, and its connection with established vacuum spacetime models is explicitly elucidated. The inclusion of the scalar field imparts a non-constant Ricci curvature to the domain wall, thereby rendering these configurations particularly suitable for the construction of two-dimensional quantum black holes. To establish a well-posed variational principle in the presence of the domain wall, two essential steps are undertaken. First, we extend the conventional renormalized AdS3 action to accommodate the presence of the scalar field. Second, we explicitly incorporate the Gibbons-Hawking-York term associated with the internal boundaries of our geometries and account for the tension of the domain wall in the action. This dual step process enables us to derive the domain wall field equations via the variational principle. Consequently, the action furnishes the appropriate quantum statistical relation. We engage in holographic computations, thereby determining the explicit form of the holographic stress tensor. In this context, the stress tensor can be expressed as that of a perfect fluid situated on a curved background. Additionally, it paves the road to ascertain the spacetime mass. Finally, we close by demonstrating the existence of three-dimensional accelerating spacetimes with asymptotically locally flat and asymptotically locally de Sitter geometries, particularly those embodying black holes.
New determination of |Vub/Vcb| from $$ {B}_s^0 $$ → {K−, $$ {D}_s^{-} $$}μ+ν
Authors: Bolognani Carolina , van Dyk Danny , Vos K. Keri 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We update the full set of $$ \overline{B} $$

B
¯

s → K form factors using light-cone sum rules with an on-shell kaon. Our approach determines the relevant sum rule parameters — the duality thresholds — from a Bayesian fit for the first time. Using a modified version of the Boyd-Grinstein-Lebed parametrisation, we combine our sum rule results at low momentum transfer q2 with more precise lattice QCD results at large q2. We obtain a consistent description of the form factors in the full q2 range. Applying these results to a recent LHCb measurement of branching ratios for the decays $$ {B}_s^0 $$

B
s
0

→ {K−, $$ {D}_s^{-} $$

D
s
−

}μ+νμ, we determine the ratio of Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa elements$$ {\left|\frac{V_{ub}}{V_{cb}}\right|}_{q^2<7\;{\textrm{GeV}}^2}=0.0681\pm 0.0040\kern0.5em \textrm{and}\kern0.5em {\left|\frac{V_{ub}}{V_{cb}}\right|}_{q^2>7\;{\textrm{GeV}}^2}=0.0801\pm 0.0047, $$

V
ub

V
cb

q
2

<
7

GeV
2

=
0.0681
±
0.0040

and

V
ub

V
cb

q
2

>
7

GeV
2

=
0.0801
±
0.0047
,
which are mutually compatible at the 1.9σ level. We further comment on the sensitivity to Beyond the Standard Model effects through measurements of the shape of $$ {B}_s^0 $$

B
s
0

→ K−μ+νμ decays, in light of recent limits on such effects from other exclusive b → uℓν processes.
Adjunctive treatment in COVID-19 and sepsis—What did we learn?
Authors: Giamarellos-Bourboulis Evangelos J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe introduction of anakinra, baricitinib and tocilizumab into the treatment armamentarium of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reinforced the concept of immunotherapy for bacterial sepsis. The current review investigates how the example of COVID-19 may be extrapolated to sepsis using a three-step approach. In the first step, the clinical evidence on how the immunotherapy of COVID-19 assisted viral clearance is presented. In a second step, the indications acquired from human and animal studies on the need to employ strategies with primary effective phagocytosis in sepsis are presented. In a final step, lessons learnt from COVID-19 immunotherapy are applied for sepsis. The end result is that sepsis immunotherapy should rely on the use of biomarkers which provide information on the activation of a specific prevailing mechanism in order to enable the selection of the appropriate drug.
Could the destruction of a beloved robot be considered a hate crime? An exploration of the legal and social significance of robot love
Authors: Sweeney Paula 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn the future, it is likely that we will form strong bonds of attachment and even develop love for social robots. Some of these loving relations will be, from the human’s perspective, as significant as a loving relationship that they might have had with another human. This means that, from the perspective of the loving human, the mindless destruction of their robot partner could be as devastating as the murder of another’s human partner. Yet, the loving partner of a robot has no recourse to legal action beyond the destruction of property and can see no way to prevent future people suffering the same devastating loss. On this basis, some have argued that such a scenario must surely motivate legal protection for social robots. In this paper, I argue that despite the devastating loss that would come from the destruction of one’s robot partner, love cannot itself be a reason for granting robot rights. However, although I argue against beloved robots having protective rights, I argue that the loss of a robot partner must be socially recognised as a form of bereavement if further secondary harms are to be avoided, and that, if certain conditions obtain, the destruction of a beloved robot could be criminalised as a hate crime.
National UK Survey of Radiation Doses During Endovascular Aortic Interventions
Authors: Tsitsiou Yvonne , Velan Bar , Ross Rebecca , Lakshminarayan Raghu , Rogers Andy , Hamady Mohamad ,   RADEVAIR, Khan Lamran , Krishnan Ananth , Hennessy Martin , Kasthuri Ram , Al-Rekabi Zenaib , Abisi Said , Hampshire Mark , Goutzios Panos , Hanif Muhammad , Olivier Emma , Wood Andrew , Macey Andrew , Modi Sachin , Allison Robert , Bent Clare , Bungay Peter , Whiteman Robert , Williams Robin , Aldin Zaid , Weaver Josephine , Kaikini Robert , Wells David , Hancock John , Madhavan Anil , Puppala Sapna , Matson Matthew , Lewis Katharine , Uberoi Raman , Winterbottom Andrew , Huasen Bella , Jenkins Michael , Cleveland Trevor , Butcher Rachel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Endovascular aortic repair (EAR) interventions, endovascular abdominal aortic repair (EVAR) and thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR), are associated with significant radiation exposures. We aimed to investigate the radiation doses from real-world practice and propose diagnostic reference level (DRL) for the UK.

Materials and Methods
Radiation data and essential demographics were retrospectively collected from 24 vascular and interventional radiology centres in the UK for all patients undergoing EAR—standard EVAR or complex, branched/fenestrated (BEVAR/FEVAR), and TEVAR—between 2018 and 2021. The data set was further categorised according to X-ray unit type, either fixed or mobile. The proposed national DRL is the 75th percentile of the collective medians for procedure KAP (kerma area product), cumulative air kerma (CAK), fluoroscopy KAP and CAK.

Results
Data from 3712 endovascular aortic procedures were collected, including 2062 cases were standard EVAR, 906 cases of BEVAR/FEVAR and 509 cases of TEVAR. The majority of endovascular procedures (3477/3712) were performed on fixed X-ray units. The proposed DRL for KAP was 162 Gy cm2, 175 Gy cm2 and 266 Gy cm2 for standard EVAR, TEVAR and BEVAR/FEVAR, respectively.

Conclusion
The development of DRLs is pertinent to EAR procedures as the first step to optimise the radiation risks to patients and staff while maintaining the highest patient care and paving the way for steps to reduce radiation exposures.
Normal age- and sex-based values of right ventricular free wall and four-chamber longitudinal strain by speckle-tracking echocardiography: from the Copenhagen City heart study
Authors: Espersen Caroline , Skaarup Kristoffer Grundtvig , Lassen Mats Christian Højbjerg , Johansen Niklas Dyrby , Hauser Raphael , Olsen Flemming Javier , Jensen Gorm Boje , Schnohr Peter , Møgelvang Rasmus , Biering-Sørensen Tor 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Aim
To promote the implementation of right ventricular (RV) longitudinal strain in clinical practice, we sought to propose normal values for RV free wall (RVFWLS) and four-chamber longitudinal strain (RV4CLS) and investigate the association with clinical and echocardiographic parameters in participants from the general population.

Methods and Results
Participants from the 5th Copenhagen City Heart Study (2011–2015)—a prospective cohort study—with available RV longitudinal strain measurements were included. RVFWLS and RV4CLS were assessed using two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography. In total, 2951 participants were included. Amongst 1297 participants without cardiovascular disease or risk factors (median age 44, 63% female), mean values of RVFWLS and RV4CLS were − 26.7% ± 5.2 (95% prediction interval (PI) − 36.9, − 16.5) and − 21.7% ± 3.4 (95%PI − 28.4, − 15.0), respectively. Women had significantly higher absolute values of RVFWLS and RV4CLS than men (mean − 27.5 ± 5.5 vs. − 25.4 ± 4.5, p < 0.001 and − 22.3 ± 3.5 vs. − 20.6 ± 3.0, p < 0.001, respectively). Absolute values of RVFWLS but not RV4CLS decreased significantly with increasing age in unadjusted linear regression. Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, RV s’ and left ventricular global longitudinal strain were the most influential parameters associated with both RVFWLS and RV4CLS in multiple linear regression. Participants with cardiovascular disease (n = 1531) had a higher proportion of abnormal values of RVFWLS and RV4CLS compared to the healthy population (8% vs. 4%, p < 0.001 and 8% vs. 3%, p < 0.001, respectively).

Conclusion
This study proposed normal age- and sex-based values of RVFWLS and RV4CLS in a healthy population sample and showed significant sex differences in both measurements across ages.

Graphical abstract
Demixing behavior of Pickering emulsions stabilized by Janus particles and uniform Pickering particles at different pH values
Authors: Rehosek Marco , Laupheimer Michaela , Marlow Frank 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis work investigates the demixing behavior of Pickering emulsions consisting of water, n-hexadecane, and two different types of Pickering particles. The first type is uniform, and the second consists of one-side modified Janus particles influencing the emulsion behavior significantly. Both particle types are able to stabilize the emulsions, but lead to clear differences in the emulsion drop size and size distribution. This results in different creaming times varying between minutes and hours and different clearance processes of the water excess phase. Large pH effects were found in addition. At some conditions, non-adsorbed particles were observed that sediment over time in addition to the creaming of the emulsion.
Transcending time: the forensic anthropological case study of three unidentified transgender women in Italy in the early 1990s
Authors: Palamenghi Andrea , Franceschetti Lorenzo , Tambuzzi Stefano , D’Apuzzo Annalisa , Mazzarelli Debora , Cattaneo Cristina 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn forensic anthropology, the estimation of skeletal sex results in a dichotomous outcome: male or female. This poses challenges when dealing with transgender individuals. Italy has the highest rate per capita of transgender murders, making their identification a compelling issue. This study presents three cases of unidentified skeletal remains of transgender women (MtF) that underwent autopsies in the 1990s at the Institute of Legal Medicine of Milan. The transgender status of the individuals was determined from the autopsy records which indicated the co-existence of breast implants and male genitalia. The biological profile was created by estimating sex, age, ancestry, and stature, and the bones were investigated looking for evidence of Facial Feminization Surgery (FFS). Anthropological estimations revealed that the skeletons belong to male, adults, European individuals, between 164 and 184 cm. Fragmented gelatinous masses were found in association with two skeletons, which were interpreted as remnants of breast implants. In two cases, signs of remodeling of the cortical surface were observed on the zygomatic bones, although the bone marks observed here were not specific enough to link them to FFS. Despite some limitations, this study highlights the need for greater awareness among practitioners about this limitedly addressed issue, advocating for a more inclusive forensic anthropology that strives to improve methods and interpretation of evidence for the identification of transgender individuals.
Dental caries in children and vitamin D deficiency: a narrative review
Authors: Durá-Travé Teodoro , Gallinas-Victoriano Fidel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDental caries represents one of the most prevalent health problems in childhood. Numerous studies have assessed that vitamin D deficiency is highly related to dental caries in primary and permanent teeth in children. The aim of this study is to elaborate a narrative review about proposed mechanisms by which vitamin D deficiency interacts with dental caries process in children. Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy may cause intrauterine enamel defects, and through childhood is accompanied by insufficient activity of antibacterial peptides, decreased saliva secretion, and a low level of calcium in saliva. Conclusion: In conclusion, vitamin D deficiency would increase the risk of caries in the primary and/or permanent dentition. Relationship between vitamin D deficiency and dental caries is evident enough for vitamin D deficiency to be considered as a risk factor for dental caries in children. Optimal levels of vitamin D throughout pregnancy and childhood may be considered an additional preventive measure for dental caries in the primary and permanent dentition.