bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of local chemical ordering on deformation mechanisms in single-crystalline CuNiCoFe high-entropy alloys: a molecular dynamics study
Authors: Shuang Siyao , Liang Yanxiang , Zhang Xie , Yuan Fupin , Kang Guozheng , Zhang Xu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
High-entropy alloys (HEAs), composed of multiple constituent elements with concentrations ranging from 5% to 35%, have been considered ideal solid solution of multi-principal elements. However, recent experimental and computational studies have demonstrated that complex enthalpic interactions among constituents lead to a wide variety of local chemical ordering (LCO) at lower temperatures. HEAs containing Cu typically decompose by forming of Cu-rich phases during annealing, thus affecting mechanical properties. In this study, CuNiCoFe HEA was chosen as a model with a tendency for Cu segregation at low temperatures. The formation of LCO and its impact on the deformation behaviors in the single-crystalline CuNiCoFe HEA were studied via molecular dynamics simulations. Our results demonstrate that CuNiCoFe HEA decomposes by Cu clustering, in agreement with prior experimental and computational studies, owing to insufficient configuration entropy to compete against the mixing enthalpy at lower temperatures. A softening in ultimate stress in the LCO models was observed compared to the random solid solution models. The softening is due to the lower unstable stacking fault energy, which determines the nucleation event of dislocations, thereby rationalizing the dislocation nucleation in the Cu-rich regions and the softening of the overall ultimate strength in the LCO models. Additionally, the inhomogeneous FCC–BCC transformation is closely associated with concentration inhomogeneity. CuNiCoFe HEA with LCO can be regarded as composites, consisting of clusters with different properties. Consequently, concentration inhomogeneity induced by LCO profoundly impacts the mechanical properties and deformation behaviors of the HEA. This study provides insights into the effect of LCO on the mechanical properties of CuNiCoFe HEAs, which is crucial for developing HEAs with tailored properties for specific applications.
Machine learning based phase prediction and powder metallurgy assisted experimental validation of medium entropy compositionally complex alloys
Authors: Das Priyabrata , Pandey Pulak Mohan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Medium entropy alloys (MEAs) are a subset of compositionally complex alloys whose mixing entropy lies between R and 1.5 R where R is the universal gas constant. The properties of MEAs largely depend on the phases present in the alloy such as solid solution (SS), solid solution + intermetallic (SS + IM) and amorphous (AM). Hence, the correct prediction of phases can enable the efficient selection of material compositions with anticipated properties. In this paper, three machine learning (ML) algorithms viz. k nearest neighbors (KNNs), artificial neural network (ANN), and random forest (RF) were employed for the ternary phase classification problem. An MEA dataset was constructed by utilizing all reported MEAs till February 2023 to the best of authors’ knowledge. The study implied that the use of only three features (mixing enthalpy, atomic size mismatch, and a strain energy related parameter) were sufficient for the phase prediction in MEAs. Among the three ML algorithms, ANN had the highest macro averaged F1 score (86.7%) and accuracy (87.3%) in predicting the phases in MEAs, while RF has the lowest macro F1 score (84.67%) and accuracy (84.8%). However, for phase prediction between single phase SS and multi-phase SS (binary classification), distance-based algorithm (KNN) was found to be suitable. The prediction performance of ML model over a completely unseen data was assessed in the case study section. The experimentally determined phase details of three new MEA compositions fabricated by powder metallurgy route was also included in the unseen dataset. The SS and AM phases were correctly labeled nine times out of eleven instances by using ANN model. However, the model prediction for SS + IM phase was found to be less reliable (three out of five correct) owing to its relatively poor F1 score.
Polyvinyl alcohol-based economical triboelectric nanogenerator for self-powered energy harvesting applications
Authors: Amini Sebghatullah , Muktar Ahmed Rumana Farheen Sagade , Ankanathappa Sangamesha Madanahalli , Sannathammegowda Krishnaveni 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have emerged as a promising alternative for powering small-scale electronics without relying on traditional power sources, and play an important role in the development of the internet of things (IoTs). Herein, a low-cost, flexible polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based TENG (PVA-TENG) is reported to harvest low-frequency mechanical vibrations and convert them into electricity. PVA thin film is prepared by a simple solution casting technique and utilized to serve as the tribopositive material, polypropylene film as tribonegative, and aluminum foil as electrodes of the device. The dielectric-dielectric model is implemented with an arch structure for the effective working of the PVA-TENG. The device showed promising electrical output by generating significant open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and power . Also, PVA-TENG is subjected to a stability test by operating the device continuously for 5000 cycles. The result shows that, the device is mechanically durable and electrically stable. Further, the as-fabricated PVA-TENG is demonstrated to show feasible applications, such as charging two commercial capacitors with capacitances 1.1 and 4.7 μF and powering green light-emitting diodes. The stored energy in the 4.7 μF capacitor is utilized to power a digital watch and humidity and temperature sensor without the aid of an external battery. Thus, the PVA-TENG facilitates ease of fabrication, robustness, and cost-effective strategy in the field of energy harvesting for powering lower-grid electronics by demonstrating their potential as a sustainable energy source.
Dose reduction in dynamic synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A PET imaging using artificial neural networks
Authors: Li Andi , Yang Bao , Naganawa Mika , Fontaine Kathryn , Toyonaga Takuya , Carson Richard E , Tang Jing 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective. Reducing dose in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging increases noise in reconstructed dynamic frames, which inevitably results in higher noise and possible bias in subsequently estimated images of kinetic parameters than those estimated in the standard dose case. We report the development of a spatiotemporal denoising technique for reduced-count dynamic frames through integrating a cascade artificial neural network (ANN) with the highly constrained back-projection (HYPR) scheme to improve low-dose parametric imaging. Approach. We implemented and assessed the proposed method using imaging data acquired with 11C-UCB-J, a PET radioligand bound to synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) in the human brain. The patch-based ANN was trained with a reduced-count frame and its full-count correspondence of a subject and was used in cascade to process dynamic frames of other subjects to further take advantage of its denoising capability. The HYPR strategy was then applied to the spatial ANN processed image frames to make use of the temporal information from the entire dynamic scan. Main results. In all the testing subjects including healthy volunteers and Parkinson’s disease patients, the proposed method reduced more noise while introducing minimal bias in dynamic frames and the resulting parametric images, as compared with conventional denoising methods. Significance. Achieving 80% noise reduction with a bias of −2% in dynamic frames, which translates into 75% and 70% of noise reduction in the tracer uptake (bias, −2%) and distribution volume (bias, −5%) images, the proposed ANN+HYPR technique demonstrates the denoising capability equivalent to a 11-fold dose increase for dynamic SV2A PET imaging with 11C-UCB-J.
Ionization of uracil molecule in collisions with 2.5-MeV/u Si12+ ions
Authors: Maurya Sanjeev Kumar , Chakraborty Debasmita , Bhogale Abhijeet , Bagdia Chandan , Ghag Kalpesh , Gulyás Laszlo , Tribedi Lokesh C 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The energy and angular distribution of electron emission from a RNA base molecule, uracil (C
4
H
4
N
2
O
2), are investigated in collisions with 2.5-MeV/u Si12+ ions under high perturbation strength. The absolute double differential cross sections (DDCS) are measured using electron spectroscopy for emission angles between 20° to 160° in the electron energy range 1-620 eV. The single differential cross sections (SDCS) are evaluated by integrating the DDCS over emission angles or energies. The measured cross sections (DDCS and SDCS) are compared with the state-of-the-art continuum distorted wave-eikonal initial state (CDW-EIS) theoretical model. The DDCS obtained by the CDW-EIS is found to provide better agreement with the measurements in the backward angles. With an increase in perturbation strength from 0.5 to 1.19 a.u., the DDCS is found to increase by 10 times in comparison to the earlier reported uracil data for 3.5-MeV/u bare C-ions [Phys. Rev. A 87, 032716 (2013)]. The significant enhancement in the TCS is found for the total cross section in case of Si12+ ions over that predicted by a scaling law as derived for lower charge state projectiles. The forward-backward angular asymmetry is found to increase monotonically with the velocity of emitted electrons and shows very good agreement with the model. For a comparative study, the DDCS is also measured for oxygen molecule using same ion impact, which is found to be about ten times lower than that for the uracil. The forward-backward angular asymmetry for oxygen is found to be almost the same as uracil.
Comprehensive investigation of sputtering deposition pressure effects on a-InGaZnO Schottky diodes
Authors: Kurtuluş Gürkan , Asar Tarık , Özçelik Süleyman 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The effects of Ar sputtering deposition pressure on the optical, structural, morphological, and electrical properties of amorphous InGaZnO thin films were investigated. The InGaZnO thin films, which have amorphous structures determined by grazing incidence x-ray diffraction, contained In, Ga, Zn, and O confirmed by secondary ion mass spectrometry method. Additionally, when the thicknesses of the deposited thin films are examined, it was seen that the profilometer measurement results of the crater formed by secondary ion mass spectrometer and scanning electron microscope measurement results are nearly similar, and it is approximately 100 nm. The surface roughness, obtained from Atomic Force Microscopy results, show that decreased up to a particular value with the increase of the working pressure, and then the surface roughness increased. The optical band gaps of the films were obtained in the range of 3.50 eV−3.58 eV via Tauc relation by using the Ultraviolet-Visible measurements carried out in the wavelength range of 200 nm−1100 nm. It was seen that the optical band gap was decreased with the increase in Ar pressure. The electrical properties of InGaZnO thin film-based Schottky diodes, such as the barrier height, ideality factor, saturation current, series resistance, and shunt resistance, have also been studied comprehensively. The electrical results showed that diode properties change with increasing deposition pressure.
Novel reconstruction method of angle-limited backprojection (ALBP) for low-dose dental panoramic X-ray imaging
Authors: Yang Hyesun , Shim Jiyong , Jeon Duhee , Cho Hyosung 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Panoramic radiography is a popular two-dimensional X-ray imaging modality in dentistry. It
produces a single image of the overall facial view, including the maxillary and mandibular arches
and supporting structures. Panoramic images are typically reconstructed using the shift-and-add
(SAA) algorithm, in which only structures within a certain image layer are in focus, and others
are out of focus on the panoramic image. As the clinical use of panoramic radiography has grown
rapidly, radiologists are continuously seeking ways to reduce the radiation dose to patients. This
study proposes a novel panoramic reconstruction method called the angle-limited backprojection
(ALBP) algorithm for low-dose panoramic X-ray imaging. In ALBP, X-rays that meet the angular
criterion established in this study are selected from the measured panoramic projection data and
then backprojected onto the spherical voxels placed along the dental arch, as in a typical
computed tomography reconstruction. The angular criterion selects X-rays that pass through a given
spherical voxel and simultaneously have directional vectors within a prespecified angular range
concerning the directional vector at the corresponding source position. To validate the efficacy
of the proposed reconstruction method, we conducted a numerical simulation and experiment and
investigated the image characteristics. Panoramic images were reconstructed using the SAA and ALBP
algorithms with full and half (i.e., half radiation dose) panoramic projections, and their image
quality was quantitatively evaluated using the intensity profile and universal quality index
(UQI). The image quality of the ALBP with half projections was similar to that of the SAA with
full projections, indicating the efficacy of the proposed method. Accordingly, our results
demonstrated the potential for radiation dose reduction in panoramic X-ray imaging.
Likelihood-based inference under nonconvex boundary constraints
Authors: Wang J Y , Ye Z S , Chen Y 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Likelihood-based inference under nonconvex constraints on model parameters has become increasingly common in biomedical research. In this paper, we establish large-sample properties of the maximum likelihood estimator when the true parameter value lies at the boundary of a nonconvex parameter space. We further derive the asymptotic distribution of the likelihood ratio test statistic under nonconvex constraints on model parameters. A general Monte Carlo procedure for generating the limiting distribution is provided. The theoretical results are demonstrated by five examples in Anderson’s stereotype logistic regression model, genetic association studies, gene-environment interaction tests, cost-constrained linear regression and fairness-constrained linear regression.
Nonparametric priors with full-range borrowing of information
Authors: Ascolani F , Franzolini B , Lijoi A , Prünster I 
Published: October 2023

Summary
Modelling of the dependence structure across heterogeneous data is crucial for Bayesian inference, since it directly impacts the borrowing of information. Despite extensive advances over the past two decades, most available methods only allow for nonnegative correlations. We derive a new class of dependent nonparametric priors that can induce correlations of any sign, thus introducing a new and more flexible idea of borrowing of information. This is achieved thanks to a novel concept, which we term hyper-tie, and represents a direct and simple measure of dependence. We investigate prior and posterior distributional properties of the model and develop algorithms to perform posterior inference. Illustrative examples on simulated and real data show that the proposed method outperforms alternatives in terms of prediction and clustering.
Histology and transcriptome insights into the early processes of intestinal anastomotic healing: a rat model
Authors: van Helsdingen Claire P M , Wildeboer Aurelia C L , Zafeiropoulou Konstantina , Jongen Audrey C H M , Bosmans Joanna W A M , Gallé Camille , Hakvoort Theodorus B M , Gijbels Marion J J , de Jonge Wouter J , Bouvy Nicole D , Li Yim Andrew Y F , Derikx Joep P M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Understanding the early processes underlying intestinal anastomotic healing is crucial to comprehend the pathophysiology of anastomotic leakage. The aim of this study was to assess normal intestinal anastomotic healing and disturbed healing in rats to investigate morphological, cellular and intrinsic molecular changes in the anastomotic tissue.

Method
Anastomoses were created in two groups of Wistar rats, using four sutures or 12 sutures to mimic anastomotic leakage and anastomotic healing respectively. At 6, 12, 24 hours and 2, 3, 5 and 7 days, anastomotic tissue was assessed macroscopically using the anastomotic complication score and histologically using the modified Ehrlich–Hunt score. Transcriptome analysis was performed to assess differences between anastomotic leakage and anastomotic healing at the first three time points to find affected genes and biological processes.

Results
Ninety-eight rats were operated on (49 animals in the anastomotic leakage and 49 in the anastomotic healing group) and seven rats analysed at each time point. None of the animals with 12 sutures developed anastomotic leakage macroscopically, whereas 35 of the 49 animals with four sutures developed anastomotic leakage. Histological analysis showed increasing influx of inflammatory cells up to 3 days in anastomotic healing and up to 7 days in anastomotic leakage, and this increase was significantly higher in anastomotic leakage at 5 (P = 0.041) and 7 days (P = 0.003). Transcriptome analyses revealed large differences between anastomotic leakage and anastomotic healing at 6 and 24 hours, mainly driven by an overall downregulation of genes in anastomotic leakage.

Conclusion
Transcriptomic analyses revealed large differences between normal and disturbed healing at 6 hours after surgery, which might eventually serve as early-onset biomarkers for anastomotic leakage.
‘Digital Tournaments’: the colonisation of freelancers’ ‘free’ time and unpaid labour in the online platform economy
Authors: Pulignano Valeria , Marino Stefania , Johnson Mathew , Domecka Markieta , Riemann Me-Linh 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This article challenges positive views of the assumed relationships between skills, productivity and rewards in self-employed digital freelancing. It suggests that the upfront investments made by freelancers to build up positive platform ratings are not necessarily recouped in the form of increased autonomy, guaranteed work or more lucrative ‘gigs’. Drawing on 38 autobiographical narrative interviews and 12 audio working diaries with diverse online freelancers in Europe, we show how the low barriers to enter platform work provide opportunities for those with limited work experience and other commitments outside of work. However, the intense competition between an ever-expanding pool of (both skilled and unskilled) task freelancers within ‘digital tournaments’ results in the colonisation of worker’s free time, and the normalisation of unpaid labour. This implies that ‘free time’ for freelancers is largely an illusion. Furthermore, the significant ‘sunk costs’ that freelancers make in terms of time, platform-specific skills, reputation and networks are not fully recovered and cannot be transferred to other platforms.
Characteristics of employment history and self-perceived barriers to healthcare access
Authors: Hoven Hanno , Backhaus Insa , Gerő Krisztina , Kawachi Ichiro 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Research suggests that people in disadvantaged social positions are more likely to perceive barriers to accessing healthcare, especially to specialists and preventive services. In this study, we analyze if adversity during past employment histories (e.g. spells of unemployment) is linked to subsequent subjectively perceived barriers in healthcare access. Further, we investigate if the associations vary according to national healthcare access and quality indicators.

Methods
We use data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe with a study sample of 31 616 men and women aged 52–80 from 25 countries. Data include retrospective information on employment histories allowing us to derive characteristics of past careers, including the number of unemployment periods, main occupational position and pension contributions. Barriers to healthcare access are measured by self-perceived forgone care due to costs and unavailability of services. We apply multilevel Poisson regression for binary outcomes and test for cross-level interactions between career characteristics and national healthcare system characteristics.

Results
Career characteristics are linked to later self-perceived healthcare access barriers, consistently in the case of cost barriers and less consistently for unavailability of services. Associations are similar for men and women, and persist after controlling for current income, wealth and subjective health. We find no cross-level interactions between career characteristics and country-level healthcare access and quality indicators.

Conclusion
Self-perceived barriers to healthcare access are linked to people’s past working lives. More in-depth investigation is needed to identify the reasons for the lingering effects of characteristics of employment history on reduced healthcare access.
Discovery of a novel circulation route of free-living Serratiasymbiotica mediated by predatory ladybird beetles
Authors: Du Xue-Yong , Zhang Pei-Fang , Gong Sen-Rui , Liang Yuan-Sen , Huang Yu-Hao , Li Hao-Sen , Pang Hong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Horizontal transmission of bacteria to varied hosts can maintain and even expand microbial niches. We previously found that the aphid gut bacterium Serratia symbiotica strain SsMj can be transmitted to ladybird beetles via predation, but whether the predator is a new host, a reservoir or a dead end of this bacterium is unknown. This study aims to provide a clear picture of SsMj circulation from aphids to plants and predators. We first found that SsMj in aphids and ladybirds was abundantly distributed not only in digestive tracts but also in droppings. We found no evidence for vertical transmission of SsMj to aphid offspring. Instead, we showed that it could be transmitted to conspecific aphids by sharing the same plant or contacting honeydews. The key finding of this study is that SsMj was transmitted from aphids to ladybirds through predation, while ladybirds could also transfer SsMj back to aphids, possibly through feces. Together, this evidence suggests that SsMj is able to survive in the digestive tracts and droppings of insects and to expand its host range with plants and predators as reservoirs.