bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personality traits, health behavior, and risk for cancer
Authors: Hansen Pernille Envold , Floderus Birgitta , Frederiksen Kirsten , Johansen Christoffer 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe authors conducted a prospective investigation into the relation between personality traits and the risk for cancer.METHODSThe study cohort consisted of 29,595 Swedish twins from the national Swedish Twin Registry who were ages 15–48 years at time of entry. In 1973, the twins completed a questionnaire eliciting information on personality traits and health behavior. The Eysenck Personality Inventory was used to measure neuroticism and extroversion as two personality dimensions. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for extroversion and neuroticism separately as well as for their joint effect, and conditional logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate the relation between personality traits and risks for cancer in twin pairs who were discordant for cancer. All analyses were conducted for six etiologically different groups of cancers: hormone‐related organ cancers, virus‐related and immune‐related cancers, digestive organ cancers (excluding liver), respiratory organ cancers, cancers in other sites, and all cancer sites.RESULTSFollow‐up in the Swedish Cancer Registry for 1974–1999 revealed 1898 incidents of primary cancer. The authors found no significant association between neuroticism, extroversion, their joint effects and the risk for any cancer group.CONCLUSIONSThe current results did not support the hypothesis that certain personality traits are associated with cancer risk. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
A seismic upgrading method for steel arch bridges using buckling‐restrained braces
Authors: Usami Tsutomu , Lu Zhihao , Ge Hanbin 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn this study the employment of buckling‐restrained braces (BRBs) as energy dissipation dampers is attempted for seismic performance upgrading of steel arch bridges and the effectiveness of BRBs to protect structures against strong earthquakes is numerically studied. With buckling restrained, BRB members can provide stable energy dissipation capacity and thus damage of the whole structure under major earthquakes can be mitigated. Cyclic behaviour of such members is addressed with a numerical simulation model, and a strength design method for BRBs is proposed. BRBs are then placed at certain locations on the example steel arch bridge to replace some normal members with two schemes, and the effect of the two installation schemes of BRBs for seismic upgrading is investigated by non‐linear time‐history analyses under various ground motions representing major earthquake events. Compared with the seismic behaviour of the original structure without BRBs, satisfactory seismic performance is seen in the upgraded models, which clarifies the effectiveness of the proposed upgrading method and it can serve as an efficient solution for earthquake‐resistant new designs and retrofit of existing steel arch bridges. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Variability in fMRI: A re‐examination of inter‐session differences
Authors: Smith Stephen M. , Beckmann Christian F. , Ramnani Narender , Woolrich Mark W. , Bannister Peter R. , Jenkinson Mark , Matthews Paul M. , McGonigle David J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe revisit a previous study on inter‐session variability (McGonigle et al. [2000]: Neuroimage 11:708–734), showing that contrary to one popular interpretation of the original article, inter‐session variability is not necessarily high. We also highlight how evaluating variability based on thresholded single‐session images alone can be misleading. Finally, we show that the use of different first‐level preprocessing, time‐series statistics, and registration analysis methodologies can give significantly different inter‐session analysis results. Hum. Brain Mapping 24:248–257, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Continuous medium theory for nonequilibrium solvation: III. Solvation shift by monopole approximation and multipole expansion in spherical cavity
Authors: Zhu Quan , Fu Ke‐Xiang , Li Xiang‐Yuan , Gong Zhen , Ma Jian‐Yi 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAccording to the classical electrodynamics, a new and reasonable method about electrostatic energy decomposition of the solute‐solvent system has been proposed in this work by introducing the concept of spring energy. This decomposition in equilibrium solvation gives the clear comprehension for different parts of total electrostatic free energy. Logically extending this cognition to nonequilibrium leads to the new formula of electrostatic free energy of nonequilibrium state. Furthermore, the general solvation shift for light absorption/emission has been reformulated and applied to the ideal sphere case with the monopole approximation and multipole expansion. Solvation shifts in vertical ionizations of atomic ions of some series of main group elements have been investigated with monopole approximation, and the variation tendency of the solvation shift versus atomic number has been discussed. Moreover, the solvation shift in photoionization of nitrate anion in glycol has been investigated by the multipole expansion method. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 4: 399–409, 2005
A clinical, histological, and computer‐based assessment of the Polaris LV, combination diode, and radiofrequency system, for leg vein treatment
Authors: Sadick Neil S. , Trelles Mario A. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesElectro‐optical synergy (ELOS™) is a novel technology that combines radiofrequency (RF) with optical energy. This study investigated the safety and effectiveness of the Polaris LV™ system, which is based on combined RF and diode laser (915 nm), for the treatment of leg veins.Study Design/Materials and MethodsFifty women (Fitzpatrick II–IV) with red or blue leg veins (1–4 mm in diameter) were treated with the Polaris LV, using a fluence of 60–80 J/cm2 and conducted RF energy of 100 J/cm3. Patients received up to three treatment sessions at 2‐ to 4‐week intervals. Both patients and an independent physician graded the level of vessel clearance at 2 months following the last treatment, using pre‐ and post‐treatment photographs. Also, a computer‐generated assessment of vessel clearance was done in 40 patients. Twenty patients provided biopsy specimens for histologic assessment.ResultsApproximately three‐quarters of patients demonstrated ≥ 50% vessel clearance, and about 30% had 75%–100% vessel clearance. Computer‐generated scores correlated closely with physician scores. Histologic assessment showed signs of coagulation and prominent endothelial degeneration in all treated vessels, but the epidermis remained normal. There were minimal complications.ConclusionsThe Polaris LV is effective and safe in treating red and blue leg veins up to 4 mm in diameter. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Graphitic carbon nanofiber (GCNF)/polymer materials. II. GCNF/epoxy monoliths using reactive oxydianiline linker molecules and the effect of nanofiber reinforcement on curing conditions
Authors: Zhong Wei Hong , Li Jiang , Lukehart Charles M. , Xu Luoyu R. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractReactive (r‐) graphitic carbon nanofibers (GCNFs) with 3,4'‐oxydianiline (ODA), r‐GCNF‐ODA, capable of covalent binding to an epoxy resin during thermal curing, are prepared by reaction of GCNFs surface‐derivatized with ODA linker molecules (GCNF‐ODA) with butyl glycidyl ether. The thermal curing characteristics of r‐GCNF‐ODA/epoxy resin mixtures having nanofiber loadings of 0.3 wt% and 1.3 wt% are analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The quality of the cured GCNF/epoxy nanocomposites is assessed through bending tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These results indicate that the presence of r‐GCNF‐ODA nanofibers affects the thermal curing process, and that additional heating is required to achieve cured nanocomposites at higher nanofiber loadings. Reaction of GCNF‐ODA nanofibers with butyl glycidyl ether prior to mixing with an epoxy resin gives more well‐dispersed r‐GCNF‐ODA/epoxy resin mixtures and r‐GCNF‐ODA/epoxy nanocomposites having better flexural strength than the corresponding GCNF‐ODA/epoxy materials. POLYM. COMPOS., 26:128–135, 2005. © 2005 Society of Plastics Engineers
Blending and barrier properties of blends of modified polyamide and ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer
Authors: Yeh Jen‐Taut , Yao Wei‐Hua , Du Qiangguo , Chen Cheng‐Chi 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe blending and barrier properties of the MPAEVOH blends of modified polyamide (MPA) and ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) were systematically investigated in this study. After blending MPA in EVOH resin, a noticeable “negative deviation” was found on the plot of the oxygen permeation rate versus MPA content when the MPA contents present in MPAEVOH resins reach about 80 wt %. The peak temperatures associated with the main melting endotherm of MPA and EVOH reduce significantly with increasing the EVOH and MPA contents present in MPAEVOH resins, respectively. The melting endotherm and X‐ray diffraction peak associated with EVOH crystal phases disappear gradually as the MPA contents present in MPAEVOH increase. In fact, the melting endotherm and X‐ray scattering peak corresponding to EVOH crystals almost disappear as the EVOH contents present in MPAEVOH specimens are less than 20 wt %. Further Fourier‐Transform Infrared (FT‐IR) investigations indicate that the strengths of intermolecular hydrogen bonds of MPAEVOH specimens reduce significantly as the MPA contents increase, wherein the self‐associated hydroxyl‐hydroxyl bonds within EVOH resins almost disappear as the EVOH contents reduce to be less than about 20 wt %. As expected, the average sizes of the free volume holes of MPAEVOH specimens increase significantly as the MPA contents increase. However, somewhat surprisingly, a clear negative deviation was found on the plot of the numbers and fractional free volumes of free volume holes against the MPA contents as the EVOH contents are close to about 20 wt %. The interesting barrier properties of the MPA, EVOH, and MPAEVOH specimens were investigated in terms of the free volume and intermolecular interaction properties in the amorphous phases of MPAEVOH specimens described above. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 511–521, 2005
Modulation of CXCL14 (BRAK) expression in prostate cancer
Authors: Schwarze Steven R. , Luo Jun , Isaacs William B. , Jarrard David F. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDRecent studies suggest inflammatory processes may be involved in the development or progression of prostate cancer. Chemokines are a family of cytokines that can play several roles in cancer progression including angiogenesis, inflammation, cell recruitment, and migration.METHODSReal‐time quantitative RT‐PCR, in situ RNA hybridization, laser capture microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and cDNA array based technologies were used to examine CXCL14 (BRAK) expression in paired normal and tumor prostate. To determine the role CXCL14 expression has on cancer progression, LAPC4 cells were engineered to overexpress mouse or human CXCL14, and xenograft studies were performed.RESULTSCXCL14 RNA expression was observed in normal and tumor prostate epithelium and focally in stromal cells adjacent to cancer. CXCL14 mRNA was significantly upregulated in localized prostate cancer and positively correlated with Gleason score. CXCL14 levels were unchanged in BPH specimens. LAPC4 cells expressing CXCL14 resulted in a 43% tumor growth inhibition (P = 0.019) in vivo compared to vector only xenografts.CONCLUSIONSCXCL14 mRNA upregulation is a common feature in prostate cancer. The finding that CXCL14 expression inhibits tumor growth suggests this gene has tumor suppressive functions. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of an immunodominant H‐2Db‐restricted CTL epitope of human PSA
Authors: Pavlenko Maxim , Leder Christoph , Roos Anna‐Karin , Levitsky Victor , Pisa Pavel 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDHuman prostate specific antigen (PSA) is expressed selectively in prostate epithelium and is a potential target for the immunotherapy against prostate cancer. Various PSA‐based vaccines have been reported to induce cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses in animal models. Here, we present the identification and validation of an immunodominant CTL epitope of PSA in C57Bl/6 mice (H‐2b).METHODSPSA‐specific CTLs were induced by immunization with a plasmid expressing PSA. Epitope specificity of the CTLs was determined by their reactivity against a panel of C‐terminus truncated or mutated PSA proteins and use of bioinformatical prediction with the SYFPEITHI algorithm.RESULTSThe majority of PSA‐specific CTLs were directed against a single H‐2Db restricted epitope corresponding to the amino acid residues 65–74 (HCIRNKSVIL) of the protein. The CTLs had similar functional avidity against two putative H‐2Db binding peptides: a 9‐aa‐long psa65‐73 (HCIRNKSVI) and a 10‐aa‐long psa65‐74 (HCIRNKSVIL).CONCLUSIONSWe demonstrate that the psa65‐73 peptide can be used for reactivation of PSA‐specific CTLs in vitro and ex vivo, and H‐2Db pentamers assembled with this peptide are an efficient tool for monitoring of PSA‐specific CTL responses after DNA vaccination. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of interleukin‐8 gene in radical prostatectomy specimens is associated with advanced pathologic stage
Authors: Uehara Hisanori , Troncoso Patricia , Johnston Dennis , Bucana Corazon D. , Dinney Colin , Dong Zhongyun , Fidler Isaiah J. , Pettaway Curtis A. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDWe previously reported that relative expression of E‐cadherin, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)‐2 and ‐9, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/vascular permeability factor in radical prostatectomy specimens (RP) can distinguish organ‐confined cancers from advanced prostate cancers. Here, we evaluate the expression of interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), two other genes involved in angiogenesis and metastasis, in RP specimens.METHODSThe expression level of IL‐8 and bFGF mRNA in the invasive edge of 41 prostate cancers of different stages was determined using a rapid colorimetric in situ hybridization (ISH) technique. Gene expression levels of IL‐8 and bFGF were correlated with the Gleason score and pathologic stage to ascertain their relationship to prostate cancer progression.RESULTSThe expression of IL‐8 and bFGF genes was detected by ISH in histologically normal prostate gland epithelium as well as in glands with foci of cancer. Increased mRNA expression of IL‐8 was associated with both the Gleason score and pathologic stage of tumors and distinguished organ‐confined from non‐confined tumors (P = 0.002). In contrast, the expression of bFGF mRNA did not correlate with the Gleason score or pathologic stage.CONCLUSIONSOverexpression of Il‐8 mRNA, but not bFGF mRNA, in RP specimens is directly associated with progression of prostate cancer. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Remitting the gift: Zambian mobility and anthropological insights for migration studies
Authors: Cliggett Lisa 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis article brings together anthropological theories of gift exchange and ethnographic data on migrant gifting (‘remitting’) in order to understand the core of investing in social relations through remitting practices. Migration literature from throughout the developing world documents important patterns of remitting that furthers our understanding of how migrants' earnings help rural investment. In contrast to the majority of migration literature, scholars working in different regions of Zambia have documented migration patterns and remittance practices that do not echo the documented findings from other regions of the developing world. In Zambian migration, remittances consist more of food, ‘town goods’ or cash, rather than the larger sums of money or durable goods that other migration studies describe. The Zambian literature also documents cases of non‐remitting. Rather than provide significant support to relatives in sending communities, Zambian migrants invest in social networks over time through ‘gift‐remitting’. These ‘gift‐remittances’ facilitate options to return to home communities, or to maintain mutually beneficial social ties for both migrants and relatives in home villages. These findings compel policies directed towards enhancing migrants' remitting power to consider the core social foundation of their ties to home, and how investing in social relations can be incorporated into policy development. The article draws on fieldwork with the Gwembe Tonga people of Zambia's Southern Province since 1994, and recent ethnographic literature from Zambia. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Remittance outcomes in rural Oaxaca, Mexico: challenges, options and opportunities for migrant households
Authors: Cohen Jeffrey H. , Rodriguez Leila 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the ways in which migrant households in rural Oaxaca, Mexico, use remittances. We use data from a survey and ethnographic research in 12 rural communities in the central valleys of the state to examine three investment strategies: those made in the local (village) commercial economy, those made in the agricultural/dairy sector, and those made in Oaxaca's tourism industry. In our discussion, we examine the challenges that surround such local efforts and ask whether such patterns increase dependency, or create opportunities. Finally, we ask, can the investment of remittances mitigate future migration? Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Density functional study of the stability and magnetic behaviour of AunTM+ clusters (TM = Au, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe; 1 ≤ n ≤ 9)
Authors: Torres M. B. , Fernández E. M. , Balbás L. C. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe study the element‐ and size‐dependent electron stability of AunTM+ clusters (TM = Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Au; 1 ≤ n ≤ 9) by means of first‐principles density functional calculations. The interplay between the cluster atomic arrangements and their electronic and magnetic structure is investigated for the few lower energy isomeric‐states in dependence of the TM‐atom and its environment in the cluster. We explain the experimental magic‐numbers, observed recently, as well as the trend of the impurity local magnetic moment in dependence with the size of the cluster and the position of the impurity in the host. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Influence of hydrogen bonds between sidechains and cooperativity on self‐assembly of the cyclopeptides
Authors: Tan Hongwei , Qu Wenwen , Chen Guangju 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe self‐assembly of four cyclic D,L‐octapeptides, [‐(D‐Ala‐Gln)4‐], [‐(D‐Val‐Gln)4‐], [‐(D‐Leu‐Gln)4‐], and [‐(D‐Phe‐Gln)4‐], was investigated on the theory level in detail. Based on these cyclic peptides, which contain L‐Gln residues and possess C4 symmetry, a series of oligomers were constructed according to different stacking modes as well as interaction patterns. We employed the semiempirical molecular orbital method AM1 to optimize the structures of all the oligomers, some of which were further studied using density functional method B3PW91/6‐31G to calculate the interaction energies. The studies indicate that when these cyclopeptides aggregate to form oligomers, or even nanotubes, four more hydrogen bonds could form between the sidechains of L‐Gln residues in addition to eight hydrogen bonds formed between the backbones of adjacent two cyclic peptides, a result that would clearly affect the self‐assembling process of cyclic peptides. The main effects can be summarized as follows. First, the dimers of these cyclic peptides with C4 symmetry are more stable than those with D4 symmetry due to their additional H‐bonds between Gln sidechains. Second, for the self‐assembly of the cyclopeptides, there is a competition between parallel and antiparallel stacking modes in lower oligomers such as dimers. However, with an increasing degree of oligomerization, energetically there is an increased possibility for the cyclic peptides to take the parallel stacking mode in assembly. Finally, the synergetic effect of weak interactions is the fundamental driving force for cyclic peptides to form stable nanotubes. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
At Cross Purposes: US–Taiwan Relations Since 1942. By Richard C. Bush. [Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 2004. xii +287 pp. $27.95. ISBN 0-7656-1372-7.] Beyond Tiananmen: The Politics of US–China Relations, 1989–2000. By Robert L. Suettinger. [Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 2003. xii +556 pp. £29.95, $39.95. ISBN 0-8157-8206-3.]
Authors: Goldstein Steven M. 
Published: January 2005

These are two very fine books written by individuals who were deeply involved in the making of American policy towards China in the 1990s. From 1997 to 2002, Richard C. Bush served as chairman and managing director of the American Institute in Taiwan (AIT), the semi-official body created in 1979 by the Taiwan Relations Act (TRA) to manage relations with the island in the wake of normalization of relations with the People's Republic of China (PRC). In 1994, Robert Suettinger, a career intelligence officer, joined the staff of the National Security Council at the White House as director of Asian Affairs; a position that he held until he moved to the National Intelligence Council in 1997 (coincidentally, as Richard Bush's replacement).Neither volume is, strictly speaking, a memoir. Bush does draw on his personal experience as a congressional aide during the 1980s and early 1990s and much less so on his years with the AIT. However, the bulk of his study constitutes superbly researched discussions of what he considers to be “relatively unstudied issues” related to the historical evolution of relations between the United States, Taiwan and the People's Republic of China. Suettinger, on the other hand, provides a memoir-like narrative of the years he was in the White House, but relies largely on research, interviews with major participants in the policy process, and his own insights for the remainder of the book. However, although neither author adopts a strictly participant-observer approach, both are clearly drawing on the knowledge acquired during extensive government service to make judgments on the complex issues they address, and it is this wisdom which makes these books essential reading.