bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Description of box trapping, immobilisation, anaesthesia monitoring and blood chemistry and serology in free-ranging European wildcats (Felis silvestris) in Southwest Germany
Authors: Fischer Dominik , Fischer Luisa , Leonhardt Ines , Dietz Markus , Götz Malte , Lierz Michael , Simon Olaf , Lang Johannes 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSpecific questions in wildlife research and surveillance require safe and efficient capture, handling and anaesthesia protocols to enable sampling and transmitter placement in free-ranging individuals. For wild felids, various protocols are available, but detailed reports for European wildcats (Felis silvestris) are scarce. In particular, tools for anaesthesia monitoring under field conditions and reference values for heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation and body temperature are missing. In the present study, European wildcats were caught in box traps before being released into catch bags for manual restraint. Inside the bags, ketamine-xylazine anaesthesia was applied via intramuscular injection, adjusted to the animal’s body weight. During anaesthesia, samples were taken, and vital variables were monitored continuously. Haematology and blood chemistry parameters were obtained, along with serological markers for antibodies against feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), feline coronavirus and antigens of feline leukaemia virus (FeLV). In total, 29 wildcats were captured, of which 21 were examined and marked with passive integrated transponders. Twelve wildcats were collared with GPS transmitters. Handling time under anaesthesia averaged 30 min (range 26–35 min). Heart rate ranged between 76 and 170 beats/min and respiratory rate between 20 and 52 breaths/min. Relative arterial oxygen saturation stayed mainly between 93 and 99%, and rectal temperature ranged between 36.2 and 40.2 °C. Further, FeLV antibodies were detected in 2/21 samples. The applied protocol facilitated safe and sufficient examination, sampling and transmitter placement, as well as the establishment of haematological and blood chemical values in free-ranging European wildcats for the first time.
Influence of Atmosphere on Carbonaceous Film Formation in Rubbing, Metallic Contacts
Authors: Zhang Jie , Bolle Bastien , Wong Janet S. S. , Spikes Hugh A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMany previous researchers have reported the formation of carbonaceous tribofilms from organic lubricants on rubbing metallic surfaces. This paper shows that a very important factor in the formation of such tribofilms is the presence or absence of molecular oxygen. When steel surfaces are rubbed in saturated hydrocarbon lubricants in the absence of oxygen, for example in nitrogen or hydrogen gas, carbonaceous films form very readily, resulting in low friction and wear. However, when a significant amount of oxygen is present, as is the case in air, carbonaceous tribofilms are not generally formed, so friction and wear are very high, with values comparable to those seen when no lubricant is present. In situ Raman analysis combined with gas-switching experiments show that the carbonaceous films formed during rubbing when no oxygen is present are rapidly removed during rubbing in air, while tests in which lubricant is removed during a test in N2 indicate that the films are quite weak. This suggests that these carbonaceous films are being continually removed and replenished during rubbing in oxygen-free conditions. It is proposed that these carbonaceous films are formed from hydrocarbyl free radicals that are generated mechanochemically from hydrocarbon molecules during rubbing. In the absence of oxygen, these free radicals then react together to form a carbonaceous film. However, when oxygen is present, the hydrocarbyl free radicals react extremely rapidly with oxygen molecules to produce hydroperoxyl free radicals and so are no longer available to generate a carbonaceous tribofilm.
Graphical abstract
Using machine learning-based radiomics to differentiate between glioma and solitary brain metastasis from lung cancer and its subtypes
Authors: Zhu Feng-Ying , Sun Yu-Feng , Yin Xiao-Ping , Zhang Yu , Xing Li-Hong , Ma Ze-Peng , Xue Lin-Yan , Wang Jia-Ning 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objective
To establish a machine learning-based radiomics model to differentiate between glioma and solitary brain metastasis from lung cancer and its subtypes, thereby achieving accurate preoperative classification.

Materials and methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on MRI T1WI-enhanced images of 105 patients with glioma and 172 patients with solitary brain metastasis from lung cancer, which were confirmed pathologically. The patients were divided into the training group and validation group in an 8:2 ratio for image segmentation, extraction, and filtering; multiple layer perceptron (MLP), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and logistic regression (LR) were used for modeling; fivefold cross-validation was used to train the model; the validation group was used to evaluate and assess the predictive performance of the model, ROC curve was used to calculate the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the model, and the area under curve (AUC) was used to assess the predictive performance of the model.

Results
The accuracy and AUC of the MLP differentiation model for high-grade glioma and solitary brain metastasis in the validation group was 0.992, 1.000, respectively, while the sensitivity and specificity were 1.000, 0.968, respectively. The accuracy and AUC for the MLP and SVM differentiation model for high-grade glioma and small cell lung cancer brain metastasis in the validation group was 0.966, 1.000, respectively, while the sensitivity and specificity were 1.000, 0.929, respectively. The accuracy and AUC for the MLP differentiation model for high-grade glioma and non-small cell lung cancer brain metastasis in the validation group was 0.982, 0.999, respectively, while the sensitivity and specificity were 0.958, 1.000, respectively.

Conclusion
The application of machine learning-based radiomics has a certain clinical value in differentiating glioma from solitary brain metastasis from lung cancer and its subtypes. In the HGG/SBM and HGG/NSCLC SBM validation groups, the MLP model had the best diagnostic performance, while in the HGG/SCLC SBM validation group, the MLP and SVM models had the best diagnostic performance.
The Spectral Gap and Low-Energy Spectrum in Mean-Field Quantum Spin Systems
Authors: Manai Chokri , Warzel Simone 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A semiclassical analysis based on spin-coherent states is used to establish a classification and novel simple formulae for the spectral gap of mean-field spin Hamiltonians. For gapped systems, we provide a full description of the low-energy spectra based on a second-order approximation to the semiclassical Hamiltonian, hence justifying fluctuation theory at zero temperature for this case. We also point out a shift caused by the spherical geometry in these second-order approximations.
Lawyer CEOs
Authors: Henderson M. Todd , Hutton Irena , Jiang Danling , Pierson Matthew 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We study when CEOs with legal expertise are valuable for firms. In general, lawyer CEOs are negatively associated with frequency and severity in employment civil rights, contract, labor, personal injury, and securities litigation. This effect is partly induced by the CEO’s management of litigation risk and reduction in other risky policies. Lawyer CEOs are further associated with an increase in gatekeepers providing additional legal oversight and a decrease in innovative activities with high litigation risk. Lawyer CEOs are more valuable during periods of enhanced compliance requirements and regulatory pressure and in industries with high litigation risk or better growth opportunities.
For deep networks, the whole equals the sum of the parts
Authors: Kellman Philip J. , Baker Nicholas , Garrigan Patrick , Phillips Austin , Lu Hongjing 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Deep convolutional networks exceed humans in sensitivity to local image properties, but unlike biological vision systems, do not discover and encode abstract relations that capture important properties of objects and events in the world. Coupling network architectures with additional machinery for encoding abstract relations will make deep networks better models of human abilities and more versatile and capable artificial devices.
Where do the hypotheses come from? Data-driven learning in science and the brain
Authors: Anderson Barton L. , Storrs Katherine R. , Fleming Roland W. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Everyone agrees that testing hypotheses is important, but Bowers et al. provide scant details about where hypotheses about perception and brain function should come from. We suggest that the answer lies in considering how information about the outside world could be acquired – that is, learned – over the course of evolution and development. Deep neural networks (DNNs) provide one tool to address this question.
The model-resistant richness of human visual experience
Authors: Liu Jianghao , Bartolomeo Paolo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Current deep neural networks (DNNs) are far from being able to model the rich landscape of human visual experience. Beyond visual recognition, we explore the neural substrates of visual mental imagery and other visual experiences. Rather than shared visual representations, temporal dynamics and functional connectivity of the process are essential. Generative adversarial networks may drive future developments in simulating human visual experience.
Modelling human vision needs to account for subjective experience
Authors: Koculak Marcin , Wierzchoń Michał 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Vision is inseparably connected to perceptual awareness which can be seen as the culmination of sensory processing. Studies on conscious vision reveal that object recognition is just one of the means through which our representation of the world is built. We propose an operationalization of subjective experience in the context of deep neural networks (DNNs) that could encourage a more thorough comparison of human and artificial vision.
Tropical Atmospheric Response of Atlantic Niños to Changes in the Ocean Background State
Authors: Svendsen Lea , Rodríguez‐Fonseca Belén , Mohino Elsa , Crespo Lander , Losada Teresa 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSince the 1970s, Atlantic Niños during boreal summer have been linked to Pacific La Niñas the following winter. Earlier studies have explained the appearance of the Atlantic‐Pacific teleconnection with changing Atlantic Niño configurations. Here we find that the non‐stationarity of this teleconnection can also be explained by changes in the ocean background state, without changing the Atlantic Niño configuration. Experiments with different atmospheric general circulation models are performed where the same Atlantic Niño pattern is prescribed to different global ocean background states. The 1975–1985 global mean sea surface temperature forces a Walker Circulation response and low‐level convergence over the Maritime Continent, increasing the chance of triggering a La Niña‐like event in the Pacific. These results suggest that ENSO‐predictions could be improved in certain periods by considering tropical Atlantic variability.
Impact of Mass Redistribution on Regional Sea Level Changes Over the South China Sea Shelves
Authors: Thompson B. , Jevrejeva S. , Zachariah J. , Faller D. G. , Tkalich P. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study investigates long‐term sea level changes in the South China Sea (SCS) using a validated high‐resolution regional ocean model simulation for the Maritime Continent. The contributions of ocean mass redistribution and steric sea level are examined to understand the sea level variations. The ocean bottom pressure (OBP) serves as an indicator of sea level variations linked to alterations in ocean mass flux. The OBP accounts for over 80% of the total sea level change over the shelves, while the steric sea level emerges as the dominant factor, contributing over 50% to the sea level change in the deep SCS. Luzon Strait transport shows a weakening trend in the last six decades, resulting in higher heat accumulation and larger steric expansion in the deep SCS. The ocean mass redistribution acts as a mechanism to balance the contrasting steric induced sea level changes over the deep SCS and shallow continental shelves.
Analyzing the Impact of Evolving Combustion Conditions on the Composition of Wildfire Emissions Using Satellite Data
Authors: Anderson Lindsey D. , Dix Barbara , Schnell Jordan , Yokelson Robert , Veefkind J. Pepijn , Ahmadov Ravan , de Gouw Joost 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWildfires have become larger and more frequent because of climate change, increasing their impact on air pollution. Air quality forecasts and climate models do not currently account for changes in the composition of wildfire emissions during the commonly observed progression from more flaming to smoldering combustion. Laboratory measurements have consistently shown decreased nitrogen dioxide (NO2) relative to carbon monoxide (CO) over time, as they transitioned from more flaming to smoldering combustion, while formaldehyde (HCHO) relative to CO remained constant. Here, we show how daily ratios between column densities of NO2 versus those of CO and HCHO versus CO from the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) changed for large wildfires in the Western United States. TROPOMI‐derived emission ratios were lower than those from the laboratory. We discuss reasons for the discrepancies, including how representative laboratory burns are of wildfires, the effect of aerosols on trace gas retrievals, and atmospheric chemistry in smoke plumes.
Paleozoic Decollement Displaced the Surface Trace of Iapetus Ocean Closure in Northern Appalachians
Authors: Levin V. , Hillenbrand I. , Menke W. , Yuan H. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe northern Appalachians record accretion of Laurentia‐ and Gondwana‐derived terranes to Laurentian margin during the formation of Pangea. Terrane bounding structures, key to reconstructing this history, are poorly understood at depth. We use teleseismic receiver functions to probe the crust beneath Appalachian terranes in Québec and Maine. We identify an eastward‐dipping intra‐crustal boundary extending beneath the trace of the Iapetus Ocean closure that separates the peri‐Laurentian Dunnage and the peri‐Gondwanan Gander terranes. Systematic fabric in rocks is a likely cause of anisotropic seismic properties associated with it. Depth and position associate this boundary with a previously identified décollement separating authochtonous Laurentian basement from rocks emplaced during Pangea's assembly. Neither the décollement nor the crust‐mantle boundary under our profile change beneath the surface trace of the Iapetus Ocean closure, suggesting that it has been transported to the northwest relative to the actual boundary between mantle lithospheres of former Laurentia and Gondwana.
Interannual and Interhemispheric Comparisons of Q2DW Bimodal and Unimodal Structures During the 2003–2020 Summer Period
Authors: Tang Liang , Gu Sheng‐Yang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBy analyzing Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry and the Modern‐Era Retrospective analysis for Research Applications Version 2 reanalysis observations from 2003 to 2020, we found that the structural variation of the westward quasi‐2‐day wave (Q2DW) is related to the mean zonal wind in the background atmosphere, and the zonal wavenumber 3 (W3) is more affected by the background atmosphere than the zonal wavenumber 4 (W4). Our study focuses on the spatial structure of ∼50–95 km and ∼50°S–50°N. The spatial structure of W3 and W4 in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres is unimodal and bimodal, while the bimodal structure of W3 in the Southern Hemisphere is more obvious in some years. In the unimodal structure, W3 has a higher (altitude) peak in the Southern Hemisphere (∼82 km) than in the Northern Hemisphere (∼70 km), while W4 peaks at ∼70 km in both hemispheres. In the bimodal structure, W3 in the Southern Hemisphere fluctuates mostly at ∼82 km, followed by ∼68 km, while W3 in the Northern Hemisphere fluctuates mostly at ∼70 km, followed by ∼82 km. The spatial structure of W4 in both hemispheres fluctuates mainly at ∼70 km, followed by ∼82 km. In addition, W3 is stronger in the Southern Hemisphere than the Northern Hemisphere, W4 is stronger in the Northern Hemisphere than the Southern Hemisphere, and peak amplitudes of both W3 and W4 are larger in a bimodal structure than unimodal structure. The diagnostic analysis shows that the interannual and interhemispheric structure changes of Q2DWs may be due to the larger mean flow instabilities, background winds, and refractive index in the mesosphere, which make the bimodal structure of W3 and W4 obtain larger energy for propagation and amplification, resulting in higher (altitude) and larger amplitudes. This indicates that the background atmosphere of the mesosphere can affect the spatial structure of Q2DWs.
Risk of metabolic abnormalities in osteoarthritis: a new perspective to understand its pathological mechanisms
Authors: Wei Guizheng , Lu Ke , Umar Muhammad , Zhu Zhenglin , Lu William W. , Speakman John R. , Chen Yan , Tong Liping , Chen Di 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAlthough aging has traditionally been viewed as the most important risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA), an increasing amount of epidemiological evidence has highlighted the association between metabolic abnormalities and OA, particularly in younger individuals. Metabolic abnormalities, such as obesity and type II diabetes, are strongly linked to OA, and they affect both weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing joints, thus suggesting that the pathogenesis of OA is more complicated than the mechanical stress induced by overweight. This review aims to explore the recent advances in research on the relationship between metabolic abnormalities and OA risk, including the impact of abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism, the potential pathogenesis and targeted therapeutic strategies.
Evaluation of vehicle running performance on ash-covered roads
Authors: Nishizawa Tatsuji , Yoshimoto Mitsuhiro , Kubo Tomohiro , Honda Ryo , Nakada Setsuya , Kametani Nobuko , Ishimine Yasuhiro , Yamamoto Shinya 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe scale of volcanic eruptions influences the effects of wide-ranging disasters involving ashfall, such as the disruption of lifelines and paralysis of urban functions. This highlights the importance of vehicle availability on ash-covered roads for disaster management personnel involved in rescue and recovery efforts and for citizens who must evacuate or continue their social lives. We conducted tests to scientifically verify the running ability of vehicles on ash-covered roads. Results revealed that all-wheel-drive vehicles showed better running performance than two-wheel-drive vehicles, which get stuck when ashfall thickness exceeds 10 cm. Most of the vehicle’s drive power is consumed as energy to scrape ash grains from under the tires, hindering sufficient propulsion. In addition, the tires sink into the ash layer, which increases driving resistance and causes the vehicle to get stuck. Running ability on ash-covered roads is mainly determined by the relation between the “drive system” of the vehicle and the “thickness of ash” on the roads. In addition, road surface conditions, including ash thickness, could change in time and space because of traffic volume and weather conditions.
Soft-stable interface in grasping multiple objects by wiring-tension
Authors: Nguyen Pho Van , Sunil Dhyan Bohra , Chow Wai Tuck 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEfficiently manipulating objects in a group state poses an emerging challenge for soft robot hands. Overcoming this problem necessitates the development of hands with highly stable structures to bear heavy loads and highly compliant designs to universally adapt to various object geometries. This study introduces a novel platform for the development of robot hands aimed at manipulating multiple objects in each trial. In this setup, the objects come into soft contact with an elastic wire affixed to the finger skeletons. This combination results in a harmonious hybrid finger, inheriting both the soft, flexible properties of the wire and the robust stability provided by the finger skeleton. To facilitate this approach, a theoretical model was proposed to estimate the kinematics of manipulating multiple objects using wiring-based fingers. Based on this model, we designed a hybrid gripper comprising two wiring-based fingers for conducting experimental evaluations in manipulating four groups of samples: a pair of bevel gears, a pair of bevel gears plus a pneumatic connector, a pair of glue bottles, and a pair of silicon bottles. The experimental results demonstrated that our proposed gripper reached good performance with high success rates in durability tests conducted at various lifting velocities and high adaption with objects in soft-friendly ways. These findings hold promise for efficiently manipulating multiple complex objects in each trial without the need for complex control systems.
Individual differences in rhythm perception modulate music-related motor learning: a neurobehavioral training study with children
Authors: Martins Marta , Reis Ana Mafalda , Gaser Christian , Castro São Luís 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRhythm and motor function are intrinsically linked to each other and to music, but the rhythm-motor interplay during music training, and the corresponding brain mechanisms, are underexplored. In a longitudinal training study with children, we examined the role of rhythm predisposition in the fine motor improvements arising from music training, and which brain regions would be implicated. Fifty-seven 8-year-olds were assigned to either a 6-month music training (n = 21), sports training (n = 18), or a control group (n = 18). They performed rhythm and motor tasks, and structural brain scans before and after training were collected. Better ability to perceive rhythm before training was related to less gray matter volume in regions of the cerebellum, fusiform gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, ventral diencephalon, amygdala, and inferior/middle temporal gyri. Music training improved motor performance, and greater improvements correlated with better pre-training rhythm discrimination. Music training also induced a loss of gray matter volume in the left cerebellum and fusiform gyrus, and volume loss correlated with higher motor gains. No such effects were found in the sports and control groups. In summary, children with finer-tuned rhythm perception abilities were prone to finer motor improvements through music training, and this rhythm-motor link was to some extent subserved by the left cerebellum and fusiform gyrus. These findings have implications for models on music-related plasticity and rhythm cognition, and for programs targeting motor function.