bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serv/eillance: Cops, Queers, and Clinics in Segregated Chicago
Authors: Dana Lydia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Chicago Police Department’s community policing program partners with several LGBTQ service providers in and around Chicago’s white middle class “gayborhood.” These organizations make strange bedfellows for law enforcement, given that many of their clients are queer and trans people of color (QTPOC) and, indeed, targets of policing and gentrification projects. This study draws on eighteen months of ethnography and in-depth interviews to examine motivations and consequences of these inter-agency unions. The study finds that non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are incorporated into racialized policing strategies through mechanisms ranging from contractual agreement to implicit expectation. While NGOs resist directly criminalizing their QTPOC clients, some discourage them from lingering around service centers, effectively making them invisible in the white gayborhood. Findings demonstrate that in a post-welfare police state, sexual health governance is racially and economically circumscribed, as well as mediated, by institutional intimacies between governmental and non-governmental agencies. I argue that LGBTQ service provision is situated within a multilevel monitoring system, a structure I term “serv/eillance.” Providing services to LGBTQ+POC becomes conditioned on state surveillance, while receiving services is conditioned on being surveilled, by police or by proxy.
Australian tax arrangements for trusts: Section 100A of the Income Tax Assessment Act (1936) Cth
Authors: Morrison David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The reason taxpayers make arrangements is because they are able to suit themselves, as well as their and business and investment purposes. Such arrangements are as many and varied as there are taxpayers. It is impossible for a legislator, especially in relation to taxation, which by its very nature is a by-product of being free to so arrange, to set out, or prescribe in detail what is and what is not acceptable, except in the clearest of cases. The use of trusts causes the Commissioner of Taxation some concern and the ATO arguably starts with the position that those using trusts are doing so to lessen their taxation burden. Trusts, however, are used for a variety of personal and commercial purposes. It is the case that taxation considerations are increasingly considered to be a part of the equation. The difficulties around the application of section 100A are causing no little consternation for taxpayers and their advisors, not in the least because the Australian Revenue authorities have taken considerable time to issue their view, while at the same time pursuing taxpayers for alleged breaches of the provision.
Lead and cadmium co-exposure modified PC12 viability and ER stress: study from a 3 × 3 factorial design
Authors: Su Xiao , Wang Ruike , Wu Yingying , Yang Mingzhi , Ba Yue , Huang Hui 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Although exposure to individual metal does exhibit its toxicity, combined exposures provide a more effective representation of the toxic effects of different heavy metal exposures on public health as well as ecosystems. Furthermore, there are few studies on composite exposure to low concentrations of heavy metals, which is more consistent with real-life exposure. The purpose of this study was to explore the neurotoxicity induced by combined exposure to low concentrations of Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) and the potential interaction of their mixture in vitro.

Methods
PC12 cells were incubation with the corresponding concentration of cadmium chloride and/or lead acetate. Viability of PC12 cells was measured by CCK8 assay after 12, 24 and 48h incubation. Next, We measured the ROS, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and apoptosis produced by different treated cells using ROS assay kit, JC-1 MMP assay kit and annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide (PI) apoptosis assay kit, respectively. Expression of proteins related to PI3K/AKT and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in PC12 cells were tested by western blotting. Our study was the first to analyze the interaction between Pb and Cd using a 3 × 3 factorial design approach to observe neurotoxicity.

Results
The results showed that the combined exposure of them was more cytotoxic than the single metal. The activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and several parameters related to oxidative stress and ER stress were significantly altered in combined exposure to low concentrations of Pb and Cd compared with the Pb or Cd. Regarding apoptosis and ER stress, a synergistic interaction between Pb and Cd was evident. Moreover, evoked ER stress as a mechanism involved in the apoptosis of PC12 cells by the combined exposure to Pb and Cd.

Conclusion
The present study provides a theoretical basis used for the toxicological assessment of metal mixtures induced neurotoxicity of concern in terms of public health, and more effective control measures should be taken for the environmental pollution caused by various mixed heavy metals discharged from industry and agriculture.
MAGI2 ameliorates podocyte apoptosis of diabetic kidney disease through communication with TGF‐β‐Smad3/nephrin pathway
Authors: Wang Tingli , Li Chen , Wang Xiaofei , Liu Fang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPodocytes, the key component of the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB), are gradually lost during the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), severely compromising kidney functionality. The molecular mechanisms regulating the survival of podocytes in DKD are incompletely understood. Here, we show that membrane‐associated guanylate kinase inverted 2 (MAGI2) is specifically expressed in renal podocytes, and promotes podocyte survival in DKD. We found that MAGI2 expression was downregulated in podocytes cultured with high‐glucose in vitro, and in kidneys of db/db mice as well as DKD patients. Conversely, we found enforced expression of MAGI2 via AAV transduction protected podocytes from apoptosis, with concomitant improvement of renal functions. Mechanistically, we found that MAGI2 deficiency induced by high glucose levels activates TGF‐β signaling to decrease the expression of anti‐apoptotic proteins. These results indicate that MAGI2 protects podocytes from cell death, and can be harnessed therapeutically to improve renal function in diabetic kidney disease.
“Test-To-PrEP”: Assessing Reach and Adoption of a New Approach to Increase HIV Testing and PrEP Knowledge Using HIV Self-Test Kit Distribution Through PrEP Clients' Social Networks
Authors: Johnson Ariana L. , Butts Stefani A. , Rodriguez Edda , Craker Lacey , Kanamori Mariano , Doblecki-Lewis Susanne 
Published: November 2023

Background:
HIV self-testing (HIVST) can increase the reach of HIV testing. Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) clients may be ideal distributors of HIVST kits and PrEP information within their social networks. This study uses the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance framework to evaluate the distribution of HIVST bundled with PrEP information (“Test-to-PrEP” kits) among egocentric friendship networks of PrEP users.

Methods:
The study was conducted in Miami from November 2021 to March 2022. Enrolled PrEP clients (egos; n = 100) were offered Test-to-PrEP kits for distribution. Egos and Test-to-PrEP kit users completed brief online surveys. Descriptive statistics are reported for participants, their reported network members, and users of the Test-to-PrEP kits. Logistic and Poisson regression assessed the relationship between characteristics of egos, alters, and the distribution of Test-to-PrEP kits.

Results:
The 100 enrolled egos reported a total of 414 alters. Participants received 293 Test-to-PrEP kits for distribution with 47 of the 100 participants distributing at least 1 kit. Of those who scanned the quick-response code and responded to the survey, 16.2% reported no previous HIV test and 38.5% reported no prior knowledge of PrEP; 32.5% reported interest in distributing Test-to-PrEP kits, 3 successfully distributed kits, and 2 initiated PrEP.

Conclusions:
An approach using PrEP clients' social networks can disseminate HIVST bundled with PrEP information to critical populations including individuals lacking knowledge of PrEP or who have never been tested for HIV. Future studies will assess whether this use of network effects can increase reach and efficiency of HIV testing and PrEP information distribution.
Impact of Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors on Cognition in the HAILO Cohort
Authors: O'Halloran Jane A. , Parra-Rodriguez Luis , Goss Charles W. , Agarwal Mansi , Cooley Sarah , Wu Kunling , Westerhaus Elizabeth , Presti Rachel , Ances Beau M. , Tassiopoulos Katherine , Erlandson Kristine M. ,   for the ACTG A5322 Study Team
Published: November 2023

Background:
Integrase inhibitors (INSTIs) have been associated with poorer cognition in people with HIV (PWH). We examined the impact of switching to INSTIs on neuropsychological (NP) outcomes in PWH 40 years of age and older.

Methods:
From the AIDS Clinical Trials Group observational cohort study, HAILO, we identified PWH who switched to INSTIs, had ≥2 NP assessments before and at least 1 after switch, and maintained viral suppression while on INSTIs. NP performance was assessed with a composite score (NPZ4) including Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT-R), Digit Symbol test (DSY), Trail Making A, and Trail Making B, while adjusting for covariates and learning effects. Outcomes changes from preswitch and postswitch periods were estimated using piecewise linear mixed models.

Results:
Among 395 PWH (mean age 54 years, 81% male, 20% Hispanic, and 29% Black) NPZ4 increased preswitch and postswitch. There was no difference in slopes between periods for NPZ4 [preswitch 0.036/year (95% CI: 0.03 to 0.043); postswitch 0.022/year (95% CI: 0.006 to 0.005); P = 0.147]. All tests scores improved preswitch (P < 0.01). Postswitch, Trail Making A and DSY increased (all P < 0.01) without differences in rate of change (all P > 0.05). HVLT-R had a nonsignificant decrease postswitch (P = 0.22), resulting in a significant preswitch vs postswitch difference in slopes (P = 0.03).

Conclusions:
NP performance improved regardless of INSTI use. There was an attenuation of improvement in verbal memory in the postswitch vs preswitch period. The clinical significance of these changes is unclear but, overall, INSTIs did not have a consistent detrimental effect on NP outcomes.
Proteomic assay for rapid characterization ofStaphylococcus aureusantimicrobial resistance directly from blood cultures
Authors: Deforet Francis , Carrière Romain , Dufour Pierre L’Aour , Prat Roxane , Desbiolles Chloé , Cottin Noémie , Reuzeau Alicia , Dauwalder Olivier , Dupieux-Chabert Céline , Tristan Anne , Cecchini Tiphaine , Lemoine Jérôme , Vandenesch François 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAn efficient management of bloodstream infections requires a fast identification of the pathogen and a determination of its antimicrobial resistance profile.Staphylococcus aureusis among the most common pathogen causing bloodstream infection. A prompt characterization of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) and their aminoglycoside resistance profile is therefore crucial to quickly adapt the treatment and improve clinical outcomes. Among analytical technologies, targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has emerged as a promising tool to detect resistance mechanisms in clinical samples. Herein we present a rapid proteomic workflow to detect and quantify the most clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance effectors inS. aureus: PBP2a, PBP2c, APH(3’)-III, ANT(4’)-I, and AAC(6’)-APH(2’’), directly from positive blood cultures and in less than 70 minutes. This approach provided 99% sensitivity for PBP2a (n=98/99 strains) detection. Sensitivity was 100% for PBP2c (n=5/5), APH(3’)-III (n=16/16) and ANT(4’)-I (n=20/20), and 94% for AAC(6’)-APH(2’’) (n=16/17). Across the entire collection, 100% specificity was reported for each of the 5 resistance proteins. Additionally, relative quantification of ANT(4’)-I expression allowed to discriminate kanamycin-susceptible and -resistant strains, in strains all harboring theant(4’)-Iagene. The LC-MS/MS method presented herein demonstrates its ability to provide a reliable and in-depth profiling ofS. aureusresistance, directly from positive blood culture and in a short turnaround time, as required in clinical laboratories.
Targeting NRP1 with EG00229 induces neurovascular permeability
Authors: Dragoni Silvia , Brash James T. , Fantin Alessandro , Burridge Charles , Denti Laura , Turowski Patric , Ruhrberg Christiana 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNRP1 is a therapeutic target for inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced blood vessel dysfunction. The small molecule EG00229 was designed to inhibit VEGF binding to NRP1 and reduce pathological blood vessel growth. However, it is unknown whether EG00229 could also be used to reduce VEGF164-induced vascular leakage, which often exacerbates ischemic diseases due to VEGF upregulation. Here, we show that prior treatment with EG00229 prevents VEGF164-induced vascular permeability signalling, but, unexpectedly, also find that EG00229 increased rather than inhibited vascular leakage. Thus, EG00229 increased vascular leakage either when added alone or concurrently with VEGF164, both in perfused retinal explants and across primary brain EC monolayers. This EG00229-induced vascular leakage was not an off-target effect, because it relied on endothelial NRP1 expression and NRP1’s VEGF164 binding pocket, yet was independent of VEGFR1 and VEGFR2. Moreover, EG00229 activated molecular events typical of VEGF164-induced paracellular permeability, including p38 MAP kinase (p38) and SRC family kinase (SFK) phosphorylation as well as CDH5 rearrangement in endothelial junctions. Investigating EG00229-induced signalling therefore helps elucidate NRP1-dependent mechanisms of paracellular permeability induction and might help identifying new approaches to modulate the neurovascular barrier.
A high-density diffuse optical tomography dataset of naturalistic viewing
Authors: Sherafati Arefeh , Bajracharya Aahana , Jones Michael S. , Speh Emma , Munsi Monalisa , Lin Chen-Hao P. , Fishell Andrew K. , Hershey Tamara , Eggebrecht Adam T. , Culver Joseph P. , Peelle Jonathan E. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTraditional laboratory tasks offer tight experimental control but lack the richness of our everyday human experience. As a result many cognitive neuroscientists have been motivated to adopt experimental paradigms that are more natural, such as stories and movies. Here we describe data collected from 58 healthy adult participants (aged 18–76 years) who viewed 10 minutes of a movie (The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly, 1966). Most (36) participants viewed the clip more than once, resulting in 106 sessions of data. Cortical responses were mapped using high-density diffuse optical tomography (first-through fourth nearest neighbor separations of 1.3, 3.0, 3.9, and 4.7 cm), covering large portions of superficial occipital, temporal, parietal, and frontal lobes. Consistency of measured activity across subjects was quantified using intersubject correlation analysis. Data are provided in both channel format (SNIRF) and projected to standard space (NIfTI), using an atlas-based light model. These data are suitable for methods exploration as well as investigating a wide variety of cognitive phenomena.
Do chemical language models provide a better compound representation?
Authors: Torrisi Mirko , Asadollahi Saeid , Vega de León Antonio de la , Wang Kai , Copeland Wilbert 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn recent years, several chemical language models have been developed, inspired by the success of protein language models and advancements in natural language processing. In this study, we explore whether pre-training a chemical language model on billion-scale compound datasets, such as Enamine and ZINC20, can lead to improved compound representation in the drug space. We compare the learned representations of these models with the de facto standard compound representation, and evaluate their potential application in drug discovery and development by benchmarking them on biophysics, physiology, and physical chemistry datasets. Our findings suggest that the conventional masked language modeling approach on these extensive pre-training datasets is insufficient in enhancing compound representations. This highlights the need for additional physicochemical inductive bias in the modeling beyond scaling the dataset size.
Dissecting Multiparametric Cerebral Hemodynamics using Integrated Ultrafast Ultrasound and Multispectral Photoacoustic Imaging
Authors: Chen Haoyang , Mirg Shubham , Gaddale Prameth , Agrawal Sumit , Li Menghan , Nguyen Van , Xu Tianbao , Li Qiong , Liu Jinyun , Tu Wenyu , Liu Xiao , Drew Patrick J. , Zhang Nanyin , Gluckman Bruce J. , Kothapalli Sri-Rajasekhar 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUnderstanding brain-wide hemodynamic responses to different stimuli at high spatiotemporal resolutions can help study neuro-disorders and brain functions. However, the existing brain imaging technologies have limited resolution, sensitivity, imaging depth and provide information about only one or two hemodynamic parameters. To address this, we propose a multimodal functional ultrasound and photoacoustic (fUSPA) imaging platform, which integrates ultrafast ultrasound and multispectral photoacoustic imaging methods in a compact head-mountable device, to quantitatively map cerebral blood volume (CBV), cerebral blood flow (CBF), oxygen saturation (SO2) dynamics as well as contrast agent enhanced brain imaging with high spatiotemporal resolutions. After systematic characterization, the fUSPA system was applied to quantitatively study the changes in brain hemodynamics and vascular reactivity at single vessel resolution in response to hypercapnia stimulation. Our results show an overall increase in brain-wide CBV, CBF, and SO2, but regional differences in singular cortical veins and arteries and a reproducible anti-correlation pattern between venous and cortical hemodynamics, demonstrating the capabilities of the fUSPA system for providing multiparametric cerebrovascular information at high-resolution and sensitivity, that can bring insights into the complex mechanisms of neurodiseases.
Hippocampal-parietal cortex causal directed connectivity during human episodic memory formation: Replication across three experiments
Authors: Das Anup , Menon Vinod 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHippocampus-parietal cortex circuits are thought to play a crucial role in memory and attention, but their neural basis remains poorly understood. We employed intracranial EEG from 96 participants (51 females) to investigate the neurophysiological underpinning of these circuits across three memory tasks spanning verbal and spatial domains. We uncovered a consistent pattern of higher causal directed connectivity from the hippocampus to both lateral parietal cortex (supramarginal and angular gyrus) and medial parietal cortex (posterior cingulate cortex) in the delta-theta band during memory encoding and recall. This connectivity was independent of activation or suppression states in the hippocampus or parietal cortex. Crucially, directed connectivity from the supramarginal gyrus to the hippocampus was enhanced in participants with higher memory recall, highlighting its behavioral significance. Our findings align with the attention-to-memory model, which posits that attention directs cognitive resources toward pertinent information during memory formation. The robustness of these results was demonstrated through Bayesian replication analysis of the memory encoding and recall periods across the three tasks. Our study sheds light on the neural basis of casual signaling within hippocampus-parietal circuits, broadening our understanding of their critical roles in human cognition.
Structural determinants of the direct inhibition of GIRK channels by Sigma-1 receptor antagonist
Authors: Liu Chang , Chen I-Shan , Tateyama Michihiro , Kubo Yoshihiro 
Published: November 2023

AbstractG-protein-gated inward rectifier K+(GIRK) channels play critical roles in the regulation of the excitability of cardiomyocytes and neurons and include GIRK1, GIRK2, GIRK3 and GIRK4 subfamily members. BD1047 dihydrobromide (BD1047) is one of the representative antagonists of multi-functional Sigma-1 receptor (S1R). In the analysis of the effect of BD1047 on the inhibition of Gi-coupled receptors by S1R using GIRK channel as an effector, we observed that BD1047 directly inhibits GIRK current even in the absence of S1R. Thus, we aimed to clarify the effect of BD1047 on GIRK channels and its structural determinants. By electrophysiological recordings inXenopus oocytes, we observed that BD1047 directly inhibited the current of GIRK channels, producing a much stronger inhibition of GIRK4 channels compared to GIRK2. It also inhibited the ACh-induced native GIRK current in isolated rat atrial myocytes. Chimeric and mutagenesis studies of GIRK2 and GIRK4 combining with molecular docking analysis, demonstrate the importance of the Leu77 on the proximal N-terminal cytoplasmic region of GIRK4 for the inhibition by BD1047. The activator of GIRK channel, ivermectin, competed with BD1047 at Leu77 on GIRK4. This study provides us with a novel inhibitor of GIRK channels and information for developing pharmacological treatments for GIRK4 associated diseases.Key pointsSigma-1 receptor antagonist, BD1047, directly inhibits the current of GIRK channels. It strongly inhibits GIRK4 channels but only weakly inhibits GIRK2.BD1047 inhibits the ACh-induced GIRK current in isolated rat atrial myocyte.Leu77 on the proximal N-terminal of GIRK4 is essential for the inhibition by BD1047.Binding of BD1047 adjacent to Leu77, but not to Leu77Ile, was confirmed by molecular docking analysis.The activator of GIRK channel, ivermectin, competes with BD1047 at Leu77 on GIRK4.
UV damage induces production of mitochondrial DNA fragments with specific length profiles
Authors: Waneka Gus , Stewart Joseph , Anderson John R. , Li Wentao , Wilusz Jeffrey , Argueso Juan Lucas , Sloan Daniel B. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTUV light is a potent mutagen that induces bulky DNA damage in the form of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs). In eukaryotic cells, photodamage and other bulky lesions occurring in nuclear genomes (nucDNAs) can be repaired through nucleotide excision repair (NER), where dual incisions on both sides of a damaged site precede the removal of a single-stranded oligonucleotide containing the damage. Mitochondrial genomes (mtDNAs) are also susceptible to damage from UV light, but current views hold that the only way to eliminate bulky DNA damage in mtDNAs is through mtDNA degradation. Damage-containing oligonucleotides excised during NER can be captured with anti-damage antibodies and sequenced (XR-seq) to produce high resolution maps of active repair locations following UV exposure. We analyzed previously published datasets fromArabidopsis thaliana, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, andDrosophila melanogasterto identify reads originating from the mtDNA (and plastid genome inA. thaliana). InA. thalianaandS. cerevisiae, the mtDNA-mapping reads have unique length distributions compared to the nuclear-mapping reads. The dominant fragment size was 26 nt inS. cerevisiaeand 28 nt inA. thalianawith distinct secondary peaks occurring in 2-nt (S. cerevisiae) or 4-nt (A. thaliana) intervals. These reads also show a nonrandom distribution of di-pyrimidines (the substrate for CPD formation) with TT enrichment at positions 7-8 of the reads. Therefore, UV damage to mtDNA appears to result in production of DNA fragments of characteristic lengths and positions relative to the damaged location. We hypothesize that these fragments may reflect the outcome of a previously uncharacterized mechanism of NER-like repair in mitochondria or a programmed mtDNA degradation pathway.