bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of H2O2‐induced apoptosis of lymphocytes by calorie restriction during aging
Authors: Avula C. P. Reddy , Fernandes Gabriel 
Published: November 2002

AbstractCalorie restriction (CR) is known to delay the aging process in rodents and is postulated to act by decreasing free radical generation and increasing antioxidant enzyme activity. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of CR and age on oxidative stress‐induced apoptosis and associated changes in the levels of TNF‐α, and Bcl‐2 in splenic T lymphocytes. Ad libitum (AL)‐ or CR‐fed C57BL/6J mice were sacrificed either at 6 (young) or 18 (old) months and splenic lymphocytes were incubated with or without 25 μM H2O2 to induce apoptosis. Apoptosis increased with age in cells of AL‐fed mice incubated with H2O2. CR prevented this rise in apoptosis in total splenic lymphocytes and in CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte subsets either with or without H2O2. Free radicals increased and mitochondrial membrane potential decreased in aged mice. CR prevented these changes and also prevented the age‐associated increase in TNF‐α and loss of Bcl‐2 in total splenic lymphocytes and in CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte subsets. In summary, lymphocytes in aged AL‐fed mice were much more susceptible to oxidative stress‐induced apoptosis whereas CR normalized apoptosis by preventing the increase in TNF‐α and the decrease in Bcl‐2 associated with aging. Microsc. Res. Tech. 59:282–292, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mineral‐related proteins of sea urchin teeth: Lytechinus variegatus
Authors: Veis Arthur , Barss Joseph , Dahl Thomas , Rahima Mohammed , Stock Stuart 
Published: November 2002

AbstractSea urchins have a set of five continuously growing teeth, each of which has a very complex structure. The mineral phase is calcite of varying Mg content, depending on the location within a tooth. The calcium carbonate is present in amorphous, plate‐like and rod‐like forms. It has been hypothesized that the mineral deposition is a matrix‐mediated process, similar to that in vertebrate bone and tooth, wherein certain macromolecules within the organic matrix of the mineralized tissue play an important role in nucleating and controlling the growth habit of the mineral crystals. It has also been hypothesized that the mineral‐related macromolecules involved in urchin teeth might bear a direct evolutionary relationship to those of the vertebrate tooth. These hypotheses are explored here by examining the pattern and nature of the mineral distribution, using microCT of intact teeth, and the nature of the mineral‐related matrix proteins. The mineral‐related proteins were extracted and fractionated by anion exchange chromatography. The relationship of certain fractions to vertebrate matrix proteins was established by immunoblots using antibodies to vertebrate tooth proteins. The antibodies were then used to localize the proteins within the teeth, by immunocytochemistry and histology with specific staining. The microCT data on mineral density has been correlated with the patterns of cellular migration and mineral deposition within the tooth as it grows. It appears that the mineralization within the different tooth compartments might take place under the influence of different matrix proteins. Further studies are in progress to more completely describe the vertebrate‐invertebrate immunologically cross‐reactive proteins of the urchin teeth. Microsc. Res. Tech. 59:342–351, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Caiman periodontium as an intermediate between basal vertebrate ankylosis‐type attachment and mammalian “true” periodontium
Authors: McIntosh James E. , Anderton Xochitl , Flores‐De‐Jacoby Lavinia , Carlson David S. , Shuler Charles F. , Diekwisch Thomas G.H. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe teeth of many fish, amphibia, and reptiles are attached to the alveolar bone via ankylosis. In contrast, mammalian periodontia are characterized by a gomphosis, an attachment of the tooth root in the alveolar bone socket via periodontal ligament fibers. Among the reptiles, the crocodilians are the only group featuring a gomphosis‐type connection between tooth root and alveolar bone, while in other reptiles tooth‐root and jawbone are connected via ankylosis. The purpose of the present study was to compare several key features of the crocodilian periodontium with those of the mammalian and noncrocodilian reptile periodontium. As experimental models for our study we chose the periodontium of newborn geckos (Hemidacylus turcicus), juvenile caimans (Caiman crocodilus crocodilus), and 10‐day‐postnatal Swiss‐Webster mice (Mus musculus) as representative models for noncrocodilian reptiles, crocodilian reptiles, and mammals. The caiman periodontium emerged as an intermediary between the mineral‐free mouse ligament and the mineralized gecko ankylosis‐type attachment. Caiman ligament fibers were less organized than mouse ligament fibers but featured distinct fasciae surrounding ligament fiber bundles. Caiman Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) was similarly perforated as mouse HERS and distinctly different from the continuous gecko HERS. Both caiman and mouse HERS covered the entire tooth root length, while in the gecko HERS was limited to the coronal portion of the root, allowing for cementoid‐mediated ankylosis at the apical tip of the root. We interpret our data to indicate distinct differences in mineral distribution, periodontal ligament fiber organization, and HERS distribution between noncrocodilian reptiles, crocodilian reptiles, and mammals. Mineral deposits in the caiman ligament may reflect an evolutionary position of the caiman periodontium between ankylosis and gomphosis. Microsc. Res. Tech. 59:449–459, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Glacial Lake Victoria, a high‐level Antarctic Lake inferred from lacustrine deposits in Victoria Valley
Authors: Hall Brenda L. , Denton George H. , Overturf Bret , Hendy Chris H. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractWe present evidence of a large lake (Glacial Lake Victoria) that existed in Victoria Valley in the dry valleys region of Antarctica between at least 20 000 and 8600 14C yr BP. At its highstands, Glacial Lake Victoria covered 100 km2 and was ca. 200 m deep. The chronology for lake‐level changes comes from 87 AMS radiocarbon dates of lacustrine algae preserved in deltas and glaciolacustrine deposits that extend up to 185 m above present‐day lakes on the valley floor. The existence of Glacial Lake Victoria, as well as other large lakes in the dry valleys, indicates a climate regime significantly different from that of today at the last glacial maximum and in the early Holocene. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Managing heritage attractions: marketing challenges at sensitive historical sites
Authors: Austin Nathan K. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractHistorical sites now feature strongly as sites of visitation. However, such sites are often connected with historical events, which are sensitive to visitors and thus highly contentious when utilised in the development of tourism. The paper, from the perspective of the visitor, examines some of the critical issues that generally determine the nature of visitation at sensitive historical sites. The issues identified are the visitor's emotional state at the site, prior expectations of the site and what is to be learnt and perception of site presentation and interpretation. They also include the primary visitor objective to learn about the site, the ease with which access to the site can be obtained and the existence of social experiences between relevant visitor groups that may be extended to the site. The issues identified place significant challenges on how marketers communicate with potential visitors and other stakeholders of the site and require the marketing function to take cognisance of the different emotional states of visitors. Similarly, the nature of the packaging of the site, the channels of visitor access to be encouraged and how pricing is to be used as a marketing tool in a way that it is appropriate for the different groups of visitors to the site, all present unique marketing challenges. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparing the effectiveness of 585‐nm vs. 595‐nm wavelength pulsed dye laser treatment of port wine stains in conjunction with cryogen spray cooling
Authors: Chang Cheng‐Jen , Kelly Kristen M. , van Gemert Martin J.C. , Nelson J. Stuart 
Published: November 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of cryogen spray cooled laser treatment (CSC‐LT) at wavelengths of 585 nm vs. 595 nm for port wine stain (PWS) birthmarks in a large series of patients.Study Design/Materials and MethodsA retrospective review was conducted of 64 patients with PWS treated with the ScleroPLUS® [Candela (Wayland, MA)] pulsed dye laser (λ = 585 or 595 nm wavelength; spot size 7 mm, τp = 1,500 microseconds) over a 3‐year period. Subjects' ages ranged between 3 months and 64 years; there were 42 females and 22 males, all of whom were Asian. Number of treatments ranged from 1 to 6. Duration of treatment ranged from 6 months to 2 years 11 months, with a mean of 12 months. Patients (n = 32) received CSC‐LT (585 nm) using radiant exposures of 7–10 J/cm2. A second group of patients (n = 32) received CSC‐LT (595 nm) using radiant exposures of 7–10 J/cm2. The primary efficacy measurement was the quantitative assessment of blanching response scores for CSC‐LT (585 nm) versus CSC‐LT (595 nm). Patients were monitored for adverse effects.ResultsBased on chi‐squared analysis, there were clinical, and statistically significant, differences in blanching response scores favoring PWS receiving CSC‐LT (585 nm) as compared to CSC‐LT (595 nm) (P < .001). Transient hyperpigmentation was noted in 43.7% (n = 14) and 37.5% (n = 12) of patients in the CSC‐LT (585 nm) and CSC‐LT (595 nm) groups, respectively. In both groups, transient hyperpigmentation resolved in all patients within 1 year. Permanent hypopigmentation or scarring was not observed in either group.ConclusionsCSC‐LT (585 nm) resulted in superior blanching as compared to CSC‐LT (595 nm). Further study is required to optimize wavelength selection on an individual patient basis during PWS therapy in order to improve treatment results. Lasers Surg. Med. 31:352–358, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Laser‐induced fluorescence spectroscopy for in vivo diagnosis of non‐melanoma skin cancers
Authors: Panjehpour Masoud , Julius Clark E. , Phan Mary N. , Vo‐Dinh Tuan , Overholt Suzanne 
Published: November 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesLaser‐induced fluorescence spectroscopy is a non‐invasive technique previously used for detection of cancer in a variety of organ systems. The objective of this study was to determine whether in vivo laser‐induced fluorescence spectroscopy alone at the visible excitation wavelength of 410 nm could be used to detect non‐melanoma skin cancers.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThe system consisted of a nitrogen/dye laser tuned at 410 nm, an optical multichannel analyzer, and a fiber optic probe for excitation of tissue and collection of fluorescence emission. Two hundred and seventy nine measurements were performed from normal and abnormal tissues in 49 patients. Patients were classified as having either skin types I, II, or III. Biopsy of the abnormal tissues were then performed. Each measurement was assigned as either normal, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), pre‐cancerous, or benign. Total emission photon count was used as the discriminating index. A threshold value was calculated to separate normal tissue indices from indices of cancer tissues. The classification accuracy of each data point was determined using the threshold value.ResultsCancers were classified 93, 89, and 78% correctly in patients with skin types I, II, and III, respectively. Normal tissues were classified 93, 88, and 50% correctly in patients with skin types I, II, and III, respectively. Using the same threshold, pre‐cancerous spectra were classified 78 and 100% correctly in skin types I and III, respectively. Benign lesions were classified 100, 46, and 27% correctly in patient with skin types I, II, and III, respectively.ConclusionsIn vivo laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy at 410 nm excitation and using the intensity of emission signal is effective for detection of BCC, SCC, and actinic keratosis, specially in patients with light colored skin. Lasers Surg. Med. 31:367–373, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The quantitative importance of criteria For MCDA
Authors: Podinovski Vladislav V. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThis paper presents theoretical foundations for the description of preferences in multiple criteria decision making models using quantitative estimates of the relative importance of criteria. We develop simple decision rules that define the preference and indifference relations induced by the information about the quantitative importance of criteria. These relations are naturally consistent with the values of the generalized, or global, criteria. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Medicinal chemistry approaches for the treatment and prevention of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Bachurin S.O. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, which is characterised by progressive deterioration of memory and higher cortical functions that ultimately result in total degradation of intellectual and mental activities. Modern strategies in the search of new therapeutic approaches are based on the morphological and biochemical characteristics of AD, and focused on following directions: agents that compensate the hypofunction of cholinergic system, agents that interfere with the metabolism of beta‐amyloid peptide, agents that protect nerve cells from toxic metabolites formed in neurodegenerative processes, agents that activate other neurotransmitter systems that indirectly compensate for the deficit of cholinergic functions, agents that affect the process of the formation of neurofibrillary tangles, anti‐inflammatory agents that prevent the negative response of nerve cells to the pathological process. The goal of the present review is the validation and an analysis from the point of view of medicinal chemistry of the principles of the directed search of drugs for the treatment and prevention of AD and related neurodegenerative disorders. It is based on systematization of the data on biochemical and structural similarities in the interaction between physiologically active compounds and their biological targets related to the development of such pathologies. The main emphasis is on cholinomimetic, anti‐amyloid and anti‐metabolic agents, using the data that were published during the last 3 to 4 years, as well as the results of clinical trials presented on corresponding websites. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 23, No. 1, 48–88, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/med.10026
Mesangial cell proliferation inhibitors for the treatment of proliferative glomerular disease
Authors: Kurogi Yasuhisa 
Published: November 2002

AbstractMesangial cells (MC) serve a number of functions in the renal glomerular capillary including structural support of the capillary tuft, modulation of glomerular hemodynamics, and a phagocytic function allowing removal of macromolecules and immune complexes. The proliferation of MC is a prominent feature of glomerular disease including IgA nephropathy, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis, and diabetic nephropathy. In experimental animal models of nephritis, MC proliferation frequently precedes and is linked to the increase of extracellular matrix in the mesangium and glomerulosclerosis. Reduction of MC proliferation in glomerular disease models by treatment with heparin, low‐protein diet, or antibodies to platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF), have been shown to reduce extracellular matrix expansion and glomerulosclerotic changes. Therefore, MC proliferation inhibitors may offer therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of proliferative glomerular disease. It is also known that the MC proliferation is inhibited by many kinds of pharmacological drugs, for example, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, leukotriene D4 (LTD4) antagonists, PDGF inhibitors, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) inhibitors, 3‐hydroxy‐3 methyl glutaryl‐coenzymeA (HMG‐CoA) inhibitors, cyclin‐dependent kinases (CDK) inhibitors, and others. This review summarizes the recently reported MC proliferation inhibitors with their pharmacological properties on the basis of their chemical structures. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 23, No. 1, 15–31, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/med.10028
The early development of the fetal kidney—an in utero sonographic evaluation between 13 and 22 weeks' gestation
Authors: Zalel Yaron , Lotan Danny , Achiron Reuven , Mashiach Shlomo , Gamzu Ronni 
Published: November 2002

AbstractObjectivesTo establish a nomogram for early fetal kidney development during early gestation.MethodsThe study is a prospective, cross‐sectional evaluation of 275 male and female fetuses between 13 and 22 weeks in normal singleton pregnancies. Measurements of fetal kidney length were performed by high resolution transvaginal ultrasonography between 14 and 17 weeks' gestation, and by transabdominal ultrasonography beyond 18 weeks' gestation.ResultsAdequate kidney length measurements were obtained in all 275 normal fetuses as well as in six fetuses with urinary tract anomalies. Kidney length as a function of gestational age was expressed by the regression equation: (square root) kidney length (mm) = −11.66 + 1.52 × gestational age (weeks). The correlation coefficient, r = 0.983 was found to be highly statistically significant (p < 0.0001). The normal mean and the 90% prediction limits were defined. Four cases with single kidney and two cases with posterior urethral valve had kidney length above the 95% upper limit.ConclusionThe present data offer a normal range of fetal kidney length from early stages of gestation that may allow intrauterine assessment of its development. It may also be helpful in the early prenatal diagnosis of renal abnormalities. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of prenatal screening and termination of pregnancy on perinatal mortality rates
Authors: van der Pal‐de Bruin K. M. , Graafmans W. , Biermans M. C. J. , Richardus J. H. , Zijlstra A. G. , Reefhuis J. , Mackenbach J.P. , Verloove‐Vanhorick S. P. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractObjectivesThis study concerns the possible effect of practice of prenatal screening of congenital anomalies followed by termination of pregnancy on the perinatal mortality between European countries.MethodsData of nine region‐specific EUROCAT registries from five European countries were used to compare the pregnancy termination rate and perinatal mortality due to congenital anomalies between the registries. The impact of pregnancy terminations on the perinatal mortality rate was estimated using a calculated lethality for each congenital anomaly in the hypothetical case that no pregnancy terminations had been performed and was expressed in the ‘natural’ perinatal mortality rate.ResultsThere are large differences between the EUROCAT registries in the number of pregnancy terminations for congenital anomalies. The difference between the ‘natural’ and regular perinatal mortality rate vary between 3.7 and 14.1 per 10 000 live births and stillbirths. The difference is greater in regions where prenatal screening is more common than in regions where this is not common.ConclusionDifferences in practice of prenatal screening and termination of pregnancy of congenital anomalies contribute to the variations in the overall perinatal mortality rate between European regions and countries. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pregnancy outcome following prenatal diagnosis of an isodicentric X chromosome: first case report
Authors: Lebbar A. , Viot G. , Szpiro‐Tapia S. , Baverel F. , Rabineau D. , Dupont J. M. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractAn isodicentric X chromosome, idic (X)(q27) was found in a female fetus during cytogenetic studies performed on amniotic cells due to advanced maternal age. No mosaicism was observed. Although segmental inversion duplications have been described for several other chromosomes, isodicentric chromosomes are reported only for gonosomes. Genetic counselling was based on ultrasound findings, cytogenetic replication studies and published cases of X chromosomes duplications ascertained pre‐ and postnatally. The pregnancy resulted in the birth of a healthy female infant. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
McKusik‐Kaufman syndrome: prenatal diagnosis, genetics and follow up
Authors: Gaucherand Pascal , Vavasseur‐Monot Chantal , Ollagnon Elizabeth , Boisson Catherine , Labaune Jean‐Marc , Basset Thierry , Yared George 
Published: November 2002

AbstractMcKusick‐Kaufman syndrome (MKKS) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disease with classical hexadactyly and hydrocolpos in females and sometimes cardiac abnormality. We report such a case diagnosed just before birth with a favourable outcome. From this case we describe and discuss all the prenatal sonographic signs which are not always present. On the genetic side, the gene has recently been localized together with the mutation responsible for MKKS. The phenotypic relationship between MKKS which has a good prognosis and Bardet‐Biedl syndrome (BBS) with a worse prognosis requires great caution before diagnosing MKKS and a long follow‐up is necessary to recognize obesity, growth retardation and pigmentary retinitis. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risk of amniocentesis in women screened positive for Down syndrome with second trimester maternal serum markers
Authors: Muller Françoise , Thibaud Didier , Poloce Françoise , Gelineau Marie‐Christine , Bernard Marguerite , Brochet Christine , Millet Christine , Réal Jean‐Yves , Dommergues Marc 
Published: November 2002

AbstractIn routine obstetrical practice, prior to offering invasive prenatal diagnosis, it is crucial to weigh the risks attendant on amniocentesis against the individual's risk of aneuploidy. We took advantage of a policy of follow‐up of patients undergoing Down syndrome maternal serum screening to compare the rates of fetal loss before 24 weeks and of early premature delivery at 24–28 weeks between women who underwent amniocentesis and women who did not. A total of 54 902 patients entered the study, of whom 4039 (7.35%) were lost to follow‐up and 387 were excluded because of a severe fetal abnormality. Of the 50 476 remaining patients, 3472 had an amniocentesis whereas 47 004 had not and served as controls. In the amniocentesis group, the fetal loss rate before 24 weeks was 1.12% (95% CI=1.08–1.15) and the 24–28 weeks premature delivery rate was 0.40% (95% CI=0.39–0.41) which was significantly higher than in controls (0.42% with 95% CI 0.41–0.43 and 0.24% with 95% CI 0.23–0.25, respectively). The 0.86% difference in adverse outcome rates between the amniocentesis and control groups may be attributable to amniocentesis and compares favourably with the positive predictive value of maternal serum markers (1.70%) observed in the present study. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.