bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Different Octreotide Dosages on Splanchnic Hemodynamics and Glucagon in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Schiedermaier P. , Brensing K.A. , Göke B. , Schätzle T. , Sauerbruch T. 
Published: April 2003

<i>Aims:</i> This study evaluated the dependence of portal and mesenteric blood flow and plasma glucagon levels on octreotide dosage and its mode of application. <i>Methods:</i> Two groups of 10 individuals each received octreotide either subcutaneously (placebo, 100 and 200 µg) or intravenously (100-µg bolus i.v., 25 and 100 µg/h) in a double-blind, random order. Using Doppler ultrasound, we examined portal and mesenteric blood flow and measured plasma glucagon levels at regular intervals within a 4-hour period under fasting conditions. <i>Results:</i> Contrary to placebo, octreotide caused a decrease in portal blood flow (PVF) and in superior mesenteric artery blood flow (SMAF) together with an increase in the mesenteric pulsatility index (PI). The same total dose of 100 µg octreotide caused a similar PVF response, averaged over 4 h, given either subcutaneously (–28.0 ± 4.8%), intravenously (–29.4 ± 4.3%) or as a continuous infusion (–29.3 ± 4.6%). As concerns intravenous infusions, 100 µg/h was more effective than 25 µg/h (–37.8 ± 6.2 vs. –29.3 ± 4.6%). The PVF reduction remained constant during intravenous infusion, whereas glucagon levels decreased progressively over the entire observation time. <i>Conclusions:</i> The decrease in PVF is dependent on the octreotide dose. However, this is not constantly paralleled by a decrease in plasma glucagon concentration.
Evidence for Decreased Salivary Function in Patients with Reflux Esophagitis
Authors: Kao C.H. , Ho Y.J. , ChangLai S.P. , Liao K.K. 
Published: April 2003

It has been speculated that impaired salivary flow contributes to abnormal acid clearance of the esophagus in gastroesophageal reflux and results in reflux esophagitis (RE). To test this hypothesis, salivary functions were measured by quantitative salivary scintigraphies in patients with RE and in age- and sex-matched controls for comparison. Nineteen patients with RE and 36 healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study. After an intravenous injection of 5 mCi Tc-99m pertechnetate, sequential images of 1 min/frame were acquired for 30 min. The 1- and 15-min uptake ratios (UR) of the tracer in the four major salivary glands over the backgrounds were calculated. Saliva excretion was stimulated by 1 tablet of 200 mg ascorbic acid given orally 15 min after injection of the tracer, then the maximal excretion ratios (ER) of the four major salivary glands were calculated for the sialagogue stimulation. RE patients had lower values of 1st and 15th min UR and maximal ER than controls in the 4 major salivary glands. Poor salivary functions which represented a decrease in both UR and ER for patients with RE have been confirmed by quantitative salivary scintigraphy in this study.
Anti-<i>Anisakis</i> Antibodies in the Clinical Course of Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Guillén-Bueno Raquel , Gutiérrez-Ramos Rosario , Perteguer-Prieto Maria Jesús , Olveira-Martin Antonio , Fernandez-Blanco Ignacio , Pozuelo-García Alfonso , del Hoyo Carmen Cuéllar 
Published: April 2003

<i>Background:</i> Human anisakidosis is a parasitic disease whose intestinal form shares several characterictics with Crohn’s disease (CD), like the ileocolonic location predominantly and the presence of granuloma. <i>Methods:</i> 73 CD patients diagnosed according to Lennard-Jones’ criteria were studied. The disease activity was measured by means of Harvey-Bradshaw Index. Different clinical variables were analyzed. Antigenic extract of <i>Anisakis simplex</i> larvae extracted from blue whiting was prepared. Determination of IgG, IgM, IgA and total specific immunoglobulin against <i>A. simplex</i> were carried out in sera by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Immunorecognition patterns of these sera were realized by immunoblotting analysis. Results were compared with prevalence of antibodies anti-<i>Anisakis</i> in 251 healthy controls. <i>Results:</i> 29% of CD patients showed detectable specific total Ig (G+M+A) against <i>A. simplex</i> (95% CI, 19–41). For IgG, IgM and IgA the percentages were 44, 18 and 53% (95% CI, 32–56, 10–26, and 41–65) respectively. In positive specific total Ig cases CD was localized mainly in ileum. In IgG-, IgM- and IgA-positive cases the location was predominantly ileocolonic. CD activity index was higher for groups with positive IgA (2.86 vs. 5.55; p < 0.05). <i>Conclusion:</i> Patients with CD have high prevalence of specific immunoglobulin against <i>A. simplex</i>. Specific IgA are associated to higher activity index of CD.
Ethanol-Related Gastric Mucosal Damage: Evidence of a Free Radical-Mediated Mechanism and Beneficial Effect of Oral Supplementation with Bionormalizer, a Novel Natural Antioxidant
Authors: Marotta F. , Tajiri H. , Safran P. , Fesce E. , Ideo G. 
Published: April 2003

Twenty-two healthy teetotal volunteers underwent gastroscopy during which biopsy samples from the antrum and body were taken for chemiluminescence assay, routine histology, and for malonyldialdehyde, xanthine oxidase and glutathione determination. Subjects were divided into 2 groups which, in a double-blind fashion, were randomly and orally given either (a) Bionormalizer 9 g at bedtime and 3 h prior examination, or (b) flavored sugar 9 g as placebo. During the second gastroscopy 40 ml of 80% ethanol were sprayed perendoscopically. Gastroscopy with biopsy was repeated 60 min later. As compared to the placebo group, subjects given Bionormalizer showed significantly reduced gastric mucosal damage at endoscopy and the histological level. When considering the placebo group, ethanol administration brought about a significant increase in the luminol-amplified chemiluminescence response in gastric mucosa as compared to the baseline value which was correlated with the histological score. The mean chemiluminescence value in the Bionormalizer group was significantly lower than in the placebo group. Ethanol ingestion brought about a significant increase in xanthine oxidase and malonyldialdehyde together with a decreased glutathione concentration. Bionormalizer significantly prevented such changes. The present data suggest that the natural antioxidant Bionormalizer when given orally promotes an effective protection against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage.
Impact of Gastrin-Releasing Peptide on Intestinal Microcirculation after Ischemia-Reperfusion in Rats
Authors: Heuser Markus , Pfaar Oliver , Gralla Oliver , Gröne Herrmann Josef , Nustede Rainer , Post Stefan 
Published: April 2003

We investigated the effect of gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) and its antagonist RC-3095 on intestinal microcirculation after ischemia-reperfusion. Intestinal ischemia was induced in female Wistar rats by occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery for 40 min. Ten minutes prior to reperfusion, infusion of GRP or RC-3095 was started. A jejunal segment was exteriorized and the microhemodynamics of the mucosa and submucosa were examined by intravital microscopy and compared both with normal and ischemic controls (without application of the regulatory peptide). Ischemia-reperfusion significantly decreased functional capillary density from 891.2 ± 14.1 to 398.3 ± 11.4 cm<sup>–1</sup>. Capillary red blood cell velocity was reduced from 0.46 ± 0.01 to 0.37 ± 0.01 mm/s (p < 0.05). Furthermore, both sticking and rolling of leukocytes were enhanced. 3.4 ± 1.1% of the villi were not perfused at all. GRP infusion reversed the microcirculatory ischemia-reperfusion injury by increasing functional capillary density to 669.8 ± 8.3 cm<sup>–1</sup> and red blood cell velocity to 0.62 ± 0.01 mm/s (p < 0.05). In addition, application of GRP resulted in a complete absence of stasis (0%) in the villi. Leukocyte-endothelium adherence remained unchanged when compared to the ischemic controls. In contrast, application of RC-3095 caused an aggravation of microcirculatory disturbances demonstrated by a markedly increased number of non-perfused villi (42.5 ± 4.2%; p < 0.05 vs. ischemic controls) and a significantly reduced functional capillary density (346.2 ± 8.4 cm<sup>–1</sup>, p < 0.05 vs. ischemic controls). In addition, RC-3095 led to an increased permanent leukocyte adherence in postcapillary venules whereas rolling was significantly reduced when compared to normal controls. We conclude that GRP in pharmacological doses has a protective effect on intestinal microcirculation during reperfusion. Furthermore, these data suggest that endogenous GRP may play a decisive role in the maintenance of microvascular integrity during reperfusion.
Analysis of Urgent Colonoscopy for Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Bleeding
Authors: Ohyama Takanori , Sakurai Yukihiro , Ito Masayoshi , Daito Kyoko , Sezai Shuuichi , Sato Yuzuru 
Published: April 2003

<i>Background:</i> Three hundred and forty-five patients who underwent urgent colonoscopy for acute hematochezia during the past 20 years (from 1976 to 1995) were retrospectively analyzed. <i>Methods:</i> Urgent colonoscopy was defined as endoscopy performed within 24 h after a bleeding episode. Preparation was initially minimal with a water or glycerine enema. Recently, however, polyethylene glycol is used. <i>Results:</i> The overall diagnostic accuracy for bleeding site detection was 89.1% (307 cases). Successful insertion was made to the ileocecal region in 193 cases (55.9%). The disease most frequently discoverd by urgent colonoscopy was transient ischemic colitis (62 cases). Negative urgent colonoscopy specimens (18 cases) were later diagnosed by other methods as being small intestinal bleeding foci. In 10 cases, initial colonoscopy failed to detect the bleeding foci. Endoscopic hemostasis was performed in 48 cases. Permanent hemostasis succeeded in 32 cases (66.7%). Complications of urgent colonoscopy were fever after the examination (22 cases) and hypotension during endoscopy (7 cases). <i>Conclusion:</i> Urgent colonoscopy is considered to be a safe and useful examination for acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding and hemostasis.
[1-<sup>13</sup>C]Galactose Breath Test for Quantitative Measurement of Liver Function in a Short Period
Authors: Suzuki Shigeru , Ishii Yukimoto , Asai Satoshi , Kohno Tadashi , Mazaki Takerou , Takahashi Yasuo , Iwai Shigetomi , Ishikawa Koichi 
Published: April 2003

<i>Background: </i>Using a rat model of hepatectomy, we investigated whether the severity of hepatopathy could be quantitatively measured from changes in expiratory <sup>13</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> levels after intravenous administration of [1-<sup>13</sup>C]galactose. <i>Materials and Methods: </i>Under nembutal anesthesia, 100 mg/kg [1-<sup>13</sup>C]galactose was administered to rats via the femoral vein, and expiratory <sup>13</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> levels were measured for 60 min. Then, 30, 70 or 90% hepatectomy was performed. In the control group, simple laparotomy was performed. Breath test was conducted 20 min after laparotomy. We examined the correlation of total <sup>13</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> output (S) or single point <sup>13</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> level (SP) every 5 min until 30 min, and at 45 and 60 min with liver weight/body weight (LW/BW) (%). <i>Results: </i>In the control group, the breath test graph reached a plateau level, but in all groups undergoing hepatectomy a plateau level was not reached during measurement. The correlation coefficient between S<sup>30</sup> after [1-<sup>13</sup>C]galactose administration and LW/BW was 0.889 (p < 0.0001). The correlation coefficient between SP<sup>25</sup> after [1-<sup>13</sup>C]galactose administration and LW/BW was highest, 0.923 (p < 0.0001). <i>Conclusion: </i>In the breath test with intravenously administered [1-<sup>13</sup>C]galactose, hepatopathy could be evaluated by measuring S<sup>30</sup> and hepatopathy could be more accurately quantitatively evaluated by measuring SP<sup>25</sup> over a short period.
Exogenous L-Arginine Protects Liver Microcirculation from Ischemia Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Uhlmann D. , Scommotau S. , Witzigmann H. , Spiegel H.-U. 
Published: April 2003

Hepatic ischemia followed by reperfusion evokes an imbalance between the vasoregulatory compounds endothelin and nitric oxide (NO) followed by constriction of the vascular bed, leading to microcirculatory disturbances and reduced blood flow, thereby causing hypoxia and liver damage. The aim of this study was to protect the liver microcirculation by maintaining this delicate balance. <b>Material and Methods:</b> In an in vivo ischemia/reperfusion model with portal decompression by a splenocaval shunt, hepatic ischemia was induced for 30 min by Pringle’s maneuver. The effect of the NO donor <i>L</i>-arginine (400 mg/kg b.w. i.v.) was assessed by in vivo microscopy. Microhemodynamic studies, including the sinusoidal perfusion rate, diameters of hepatic sinusoids and postsinusoidal venules, leukocyte endothelium interactions and leukocyte velocity were performed. Microcirculatory data were compared with local tissue pO<sub>2</sub> and serum transaminase levels. <b>Results:</b> After ischemia the diameters of sinusoids and postsinusoidal venules were significantly reduced to 76 ± 7 and 86 ± 10% respectively in the nontreatment group, but dilated to 102 ± 3 and 105 ± 7% in the group treated with <i>L</i>-arginine (p < 0.001). The percentage of permanently adherent leukocytes in sinusoids and venules was increased by ischemia, but <i>L</i>-arginine reversed this increase (p < 0.001). Perfusion rate was improved to 90 ± 2 compared with 83 ± 5% in the untreated group (p < 0.01). Systemic arterial blood pressure was not affected by administration of the NO donor. The postischemic increase in serum transaminase levels was diminished in the treatment group (ASAT: p < 0.05). Local postischemic hepatic tissue pO<sub>2</sub> was significantly decreased to 45% of basal values after 30 min and to 55% after 60 min of reperfusion (p < 0.05). Administration of <i>L</i>-arginine results in a significant increase in local tissue pO<sub>2</sub> to 86 and 106% of basal values respectively (p < 0.05). <b>Conclusion:</b> These data indicate that <i>L</i>-arginine improves hepatic microcirculation after warm ischemia by increasing sinusoidal perfusion rate and by diminishing leukocyte endothelium interactions. Maintained integrity of microcirculation is associated with sufficient oxygen supply and improved hepatocellular function.
Correlations among Expression of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1, Cellular Infiltration, and Coronary Arteriosclerosis during Chronic Rejection Using the Rat Heart Transplantation Model
Authors: Hamano K. , Ito H. , Shirasawa B. , Gohra H. , Katoh T. , Fujimura Y. , Esato K. 
Published: April 2003

Immunologic mechanisms contribute to the development of coronary arteriosclerosis. In this study the rat heart transplantation model was used to investigate correlations among the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1, cellular infiltrate, and coronary arteriosclerosis during chronic rejection. Lewis rats served as heart donors and F-344 rats as recipients. Heart transplantations were performed heterotopically. The recipients were treated with ciclosporin A (5 mg/kg/day) by daily intramuscular injection for 30 days, beginning on the day of transplantation. Rejection grade and the intimal area were measured. The expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and the numbers of infiltrating CD4- and CD8-positive cells and macrophages were examined immunohistochemically. The area of the intima was significantly increased in the allograft group after transplantation. In the allograft group, the level of expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 was considerably increased over the same time period. There was increased cellular infiltration in the 60-day group, and many expressed intercellular adhesion molecule 1. The expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 in vascular endothelium, infiltrating cells, and the sarcolemmal membrane of myocytes remained constant up to 120 days in the allograft group. In the allograft group, the number of infiltrating CD4- and CD8-positive cells and macrophages increased significantly between 30 and 60 days, and the infiltration of these cells remained constant. Continuous expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 induces the infiltration of T cells and macrophages, and the inflammation caused by such cells and their soluble products contributes to the arteriosclerotic process.
Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment on Neutrophil Activation and Pulmonary Sequestration in Intestinal Ischemia- Reperfusion in Rats
Authors: Tjärnström J. , Wikström T. , Bagge U. , Risberg B. , Braide M. 
Published: April 2003

Treatment with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) has shown promising results in some models of ischemia, the major effect being a reduction in the local ischemic damage. The present study investigated the effects of HBO treatment on neutrophil activation and leukosequestration during reperfusion following intestinal ischemia in a rat model. The superior mesenteric artery was clamped for 2 h and subsequently reperfused for 90 min. One group of male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 9) was given HBO and another group (n = 9) served as controls. Prior to ischemia, leukocytes and erythrocytes were separated, radiolabelled with <sup>111</sup>ln and <sup>51</sup>Cr, respectively, and reinfused. Leukocyte transit factor, the ratio between the mean passage time of leukocytes and erythrocytes was used to quantitate leukosequestration and the fraction of circulating, spontaneously nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT)-reducing neutrophils was used to measure the degree of neutrophil preactivation. HBO treatment reduced the level of leukocyte pooling significantly, especially in the lungs but also, to a minor degree, in the systemic vascular bed. The percentage of NBT-positive cells increased in all animals after reperfusion, but the increase was significantly reduced by HBO treatment. In conclusion, HBO treatment reduces leukosequestration and neutrophil preactivation following intestinal ischemia-reperfusion.
Evaluation of Ischemic Injury during Liver Procurement from Non-Heart-Beating Donors
Authors: García-Valdecasas J.C. , Tabet Jeanine , Valero R. , Deulofeu R. , Taurá Pilar , Rull R. , Capdevila L. , Cifuentes A. , González F.X. , Net M. , Beltran J. , López-Boado M.A. , Palacin J. , García F. , Visa J. 
Published: April 2003

The aim of this study was to assess liver viability after different periods of cardiac arrest and the predictive value of two markers of ischemia-reperfusion injury. <i>Methods:</i> A pig liver transplantation model of non-heart-beating donors was studied. Four donor groups were designed; three groups were submitted to different periods of cardiac arrest (20, 30 and 40 min), and the fourth group served as the control group (without cardiac arrest). In the non-heart-beating donor groups, normothermic recirculation was established 30 min prior to total body cooling. Aminotransferase, α-glutathione-S-transferase, and hyaluronic acid determinations as well as liver biopsies, were serially performed. <i>Results:</i> Although hepatocellular function could be preserved after 40 min of cardiac arrest, histological lesions at 5 days were considered irreversible due to the presence of a necrotic biliary tract. An overall significant relationship was found between the time period of cardiac arrest (20, 30 or 40 min) and the levels of hyaluronic acid (p = 0.004) or α-glutathione-S-transferase (p = 0.01) obtained during liver procurement and transplantation. <i>Conclusions:</i> The period of cardiac arrest is the determinant factor of liver viability after liver transplantation from non-heart-beating donors. As early markers of endothelial or hepatocellular damage, hyaluronic acid or α-glutathione-S-transferase levels may help to evaluate the ischemic injury of a potential donor.
New Method for the Detection of Bacterial Translocation Using Intestinal Permeability with Polyethylene Glycol 4000
Authors: Ameno H. , Tani T. , Hanasawa K. , Kodama M. 
Published: April 2003

<i>Background:</i> Currently, there is no method of accurately diagnosing bacterial translocation (BT) in humans. BT may be related to changes in intestinal permeability. In this study, we examined the correlation between intestinal permeability using polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000 and BT. <i>Materials and Methods:</i> Under general anesthesia, laparotomy was done in rats, and PEG4000 was administered to the small intestine. We prepared models of invasive stimulation in which lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was intravenously administered, and a hemorrhagic shock model in which blood pressure was decreased to 30 mm Hg. Blood PEG4000 levels were measured. We also measured blood PEG levels in a model in which oxygen was administered to treat hemorrhagic shock. In all models, the presence or absence of BT development was evaluated. <i>Results:</i> In groups given LPS, mean blood PEG levels were significant higher than in the group treated with saline solution. In the hemorrhagic shock group, the mean PEG level was increased but was slightly inhibited by oxygen administration. In the LPS and hemorrhagic shock groups, the incidene of BT was significantly greater than in the control group. In the hemorrhagic shock group, the incidence of BT was 0% after oxygen administration. There was a correlation between the incidence of BT and changes in the intestinal permeability of PEG4000 (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.824). <i>Conclusions:</i> LPS stimulation enhanced intestinal permeability in a dose-dependent manner. An increase in intestinal permeability was correlated with the incidence of BT. Blood PEG4000 levels correlated positively with the grade of invasion and the incidence of BT.
Effect of Ibuprofen and Diethylcarbamazine on the Hemodynamic and Inflammatory Response to Endotoxin in the Dog
Authors: Pinsky M.R. , Roman A. , Buurman W. , Content J. , Vincent J.-L. 
Published: April 2003

We studied the effects of pretreatment with either ibuprofen (15 mg/kg), diethylcarbamazine (DEC, 15 mg/kg), or vehicle, on the hemodynamic, hematologic, and serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6 responses to a bolus <i>Escherichia coli</i> endotoxin infusion (2 mg/kg) in 21 pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs (n = 7 each group). Hematologic and cytokine data were collected before and 0.5, 1, and 3 h after endotoxin infusion. Endotoxin decreased arterial pressure (P<sub>a</sub>), cardiac output (CO), total leukocyte (WBC) and platelet counts, and increased lactate, TNF-α, and IL-6. TNF-α levels peaked at 1 h and decreased by 3 h, whereas IL-6 remained elevated. Ibuprofen abolished the endotoxin-induced changes in P<sub>a</sub> and lactate, but did not alter the initial decrease in CO, WBC, and platelets or the increase in TNF-α and IL-6. DEC did not alter the response to endotoxin, although the DEC group had higher TNF-α and IL-6 levels before endotoxin infusion compared to controls. We conclude that the cardiovascular effects of ibuprofen in the canine model of acute endotoxemia are not due to suppression of the systemic inflammatory response.