bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arsenic induces oxidative stress and activates stress gene expressions in cultured lung epithelial cells
Authors: Li Muyao , Cai Jiu‐Feng , Chiu Jen‐Fu 
Published: September 2002

AbstractChronic exposure to low levels of arsenic can cause lung cancer. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms for lung cell transformation in response to arsenic are not known. These studies investigated the hypothesis that low levels of arsenic increase intracellular oxidant levels, promote production of mitogenic transcription factors and antioxidant enzymes. Initially, arsenic decreased GSH cellular level and rapidly increased to 280% of GSH level in nonexposed lung cells in 24 h. Buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) potentiated the arsenic toxicity of lung epithelial cells (LEC). Exposure of LEC to 5 μM arsenite cause time‐dependent increase in γ‐glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ‐GCS) expression. Our data demonstrated that arsenic induced the heavy subunit of γ‐GCS (γ‐GCS‐HS) mRNA levels as early as 4 h as compared to the control level. It significantly increased (sixfolds) γ‐GCS‐HS mRNA expression after 8 h of treatment. The activation of AP‐1 transcription factors may also play a regulatory role in this process. Significant elevations in c‐fos and c‐jun mRNA levels were observed within 30 min after exposure to arsenic and by enhancement of AP‐1 DNA binding activity and transactivation activity. Responsiveness of LEC to oxidative stress caused by arsenic exposure was further evaluated with mobility shift assay involving redox‐sensitive transcription factor NF‐κB. The specificity of binding was verified by an antibody‐supershift. The NF‐κB DNA binding activities increased more than twofold 30 min after exposure to arsenic and returned to control levels after 4 h of treatment. It remains to be determined whether NF‐κB plays a role in the As‐induced apoptosis or alternatively in attempting to protect the cells from As‐induced cell death by upregulating the expression of resistance factors. J. Cell. Biochem. 87: 29–38, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microgravity modifies protein kinase C isoform translocation in the human monocytic cell line U937 and human peripheral blood T‐cells
Authors: Hatton Jason P. , Gaubert Francois , Cazenave Jean‐Pierre , Schmitt Didier 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIndividual protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms fulfil distinct roles in the regulation of the commitment to differentiation, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in both monocytes and T‐cells. The human monocyte like cell line U937 and T‐cells were exposed to microgravity, during spaceflight and the translocation (a critical step in PKC signaling) of individual isoforms to cell particulate fraction examined. PKC activating phorbol esters induced a rapid translocation of several PKC isoforms to the particulate fraction of U937 monocytes under terrestrial gravity (1g) conditions in the laboratory. In microgravity, the translocation of PKC βII, δ, and ε in response to phorbol esters was reduced in microgravity compared to 1g, but was enhanced in weak hypergravity (1.4g). All isoforms showed a net increase in particulate PKC following phorbol ester stimulation, except PKC δ which showed a net decrease in microgravity. In T‐cells, phorbol ester induced translocation of PKC δ was reduced in microgravity, compared to 1g, while PKC βII translocation was not significantly different at the two g‐levels. These data show that microgravity differentially alters the translocation of individual PKC isoforms in monocytes and T‐cells, thus providing a partial explanation for the modifications previously observed in the activation of these cell types under microgravity. J. Cell. Biochem. 87: 39–50, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Purification and characterization of the active form of tyrosine hydroxylase from mesangial cells in culture
Authors: Yuri Arita Danielle , Seno Di Marco Giovana , Schor Nestor , Casarini Dulce Elena 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe capacity of mesangial cells (MC) to produce catecholamines (CAs) has been investigated in our laboratory. To study the CA cascade, it is necessary to examine some steps in their metabolic pathway. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) catalyzes the rate‐limiting step in the biosynthesis of these biogenic amines (dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), and epinephrine (EPI)). Since the glomerular mesangium is their target in the regulation of renal sodium transport and renin secretion, the aim of the study was to determine the presence of TH in these cells in culture. The CA levels were detected in immortalized MC by high‐performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. The following concentrations were found in the intracellular region and in the medium, respectively: NE = 284 ± 31 and 134 ± 22, EPI = 75 ± 14 and 22 ± 5, and DA = 42 ± 14, 40 ± 20 pg/mg cell protein. The enzymatic activity of the cell lysate and medium was measured based on l‐dopa formation. In the presence of o‐phenanthroline, both samples presented 39% inhibition. The biopterin was detected in the intracellular and in the medium (64.87 and 631.99 pmol/mg protein, respectively) using high‐performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. The cell lysate was submitted to a DEAE‐Sephacel column, followed by gel filtration, and Heparin‐Sepharose. TH was purified 613.16‐fold with a specific activity of 466.0 pg/mg cell protein. Immunoblotting using monoclonal antibody revealed the presence of TH in the different purification steps. Purified TH was sequenced, presenting an alignment with amino‐terminal sequence of mouse enzyme. Our results demonstrated the presence of active TH in MC, suggesting that these cells are able to produce CA “in vivo”, and establishing a convenient purification method for TH that can be applied to the study of the molecular properties of the enzyme modified “in vivo” by different physiological and pathophysiological stimuli. J. Cell. Biochem. 87: 58–64, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ERK activation and αvβ3 integrin signaling through Shc recruitment in response to mechanical stimulation in human osteoblasts
Authors: Weyts F.A.A. , Li Y.‐S. , van Leeuwen J. , Weinans H. , Chien S. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractOsteoblast growth and differentiation are critical processes for bone development and maintenance, and are regulated by both humoral and mechanical factors. Humoral (hormonal) factors can affect gene transcription via MAPkinases, e.g., extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK). We studied whether the ERK pathway is also involved in processing mechanical inputs in human bone cells. Exposing MG63 cells to physiologically relevant levels of fluid flow resulted in ERK phosphorylation. Genistein blocked this response, indicating that it is dependent on tyrosine phosphorylation. Furthermore, αvβ3 integrins were activated in response to fluid flow, as shown by recruitment of adaptor molecule Shc and clustering of αvβ3 in focal adhesion‐like structures. Antibodies blocking formation of β1 or β3 integrin‐matrix interactions or RGD peptides could not inhibit fluid flow‐induced ERK phosphorylation, suggesting that formation of new integrin‐matrix interactions is not essential for this response and that other upstream mechanosensors regulate induction of ERK phosphorylation in response to fluid flow in human bone cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 87: 85–92, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
C2PA is a nuclear protein implicated in the heat shock response
Authors: Hirabayashi Susumu , Ohno Hideki , Iida Junko , Hata Yutaka 
Published: September 2002

AbstractC2PA is a protein of unknown function that is expressed in spermatocytes. PDZ‐RGS3 is a signaling molecule whose PDZ domain binds Ephrin‐B2 and mediates reverse signaling of this protein. C2PA and PDZ‐RGS3 have identical PDZ domains. To explore the function of C2PA, we compared it with PDZ‐RGS3 with respect to tissue distribution, subcellular localization, and biochemistry. C2PA is expressed only in testis, whereas PDZ‐RGS3 is expressed in various tissues including brain, heart, lung, liver, spleen, kidney, small intestine, skeletal muscles, and testis. These proteins also differ in their subcellular distribution, in that PDZ‐RGS3 is cytosolic while C2PA is exclusively nuclear. C2PA is distributed diffusely in the nucleus and forms a few foci at 37°C. However, when cells are exposed to 42°C, the number of C2PA foci is increased. These heat shock‐induced foci colocalize with CREB‐binding protein and heat shock factor‐1. In contrast, the distribution of PDZ‐RGS3 does not change during heat stress. When overexpressed, C2PA induces heat shock response element (HSE)‐dependent gene transcription, whereas PDZ‐RGS3 does not. These data suggest that the function of C2PA is distinct from that of PDZ‐RGS3, and that C2PA may be involved in the heat shock response in testis. J. Cell. Biochem. 87: 65–74, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of the reasons for depression questionnaire with adolescents
Authors: Fitzgerald John M. , Richardson Hayley 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe Reasons For Depression Questionnaire (RFD) was developed to examine the explanations that people give for being depressed. In its original form it was evaluated with samples of non‐depressed and depressed university students and other adults. The data reported here were used to evaluate the use of the RFD with a community sample of New Zealand adolescents. While the underlying eight‐factor structure reported by the original authors was confirmed, with the addition of a ninth biological factor, additional principal component‐factor analysis supported the existence of a six‐factor solution for adolescents. The revised factor structure incorporated a revision of the scale's item content. It is proposed that an abbreviated scale (RFD‐A) using 35 of the original 48 items would be more appropriate for use with adolescents. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 1045–1056, 2002.
The Existential Loneliness Questionnaire: Background, development, and preliminary findings
Authors: Mayers Aviva M. , Khoo Siek‐Toon , Svartberg Martin 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWe described the background and the development of a new measure of existential loneliness, the Existential Loneliness Questionnaire (ELQ). Specifically, we analyzed the items of the preliminary version of the ELQ (ELQ‐P) using methods based on item response theory (the Rasch model) and examined the convergent and discriminative validity of the ELQ in a sample of 47 HIV‐infected women. Item analysis produced an ELQ version consisting of 22 items that were internally consistent and performed well in measuring an underlying construct conceptualized as existential loneliness. In addition, the ELQ discriminated well between symptomatic and asymptomatic HIV‐infected women. The ELQ correlated strongly with measures of depression, loneliness not identified as existential and purpose‐in‐life and moderately strongly with a measure of hopelessness. Holding constant depression scores, the correlation between the ELQ and loneliness not identified as existential was significantly attenuated. Limitations of the study include the small sample size, which precluded an analysis of the dimensional structure of the ELQ. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 1183–1193, 2002.
Treatment of PTSD: Stress inoculation training with prolonged exposure compared to EMDR
Authors: Lee Christopher , Gavriel Helen , Drummond Peter , Richards Jeff , Greenwald Ricky 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe effectiveness of Stress Inoculation Training with Prolonged Exposure (SITPE) was compared to Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). Twenty‐four participants who had a diagnosis of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) were randomly assigned to one of the treatment conditions. Participants were also their own wait‐list control. Outcome measures included self‐report and observer‐rated measures of PTSD, and self‐report measures of depression. On global PTSD measures, there were no significant differences between the treatments at the end of therapy. However on the subscale measures of the degree of intrusion symptoms, EMDR did significantly better than SITPE. At follow‐up EMDR was found to lead to greater gains on all measures. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 1071–1089, 2002.
Prediction of personality disorder traits by psychosis proneness scales in a German sample of young adults
Authors: Meyer Thomas D. , Hautzinger Martin 
Published: September 2002

AbstractPrior research has focused on schizophrenia‐spectrum disorder traits in psychosis‐prone subjects. The whole range of personality disorders were only explored in patient samples and with the relatives of patients. In light of this situation, the predictive value of Physical Anhedonia (PhA), Perceptual Aberration (PER), and Magical Ideation (MI) for personality disorder traits were examined dimensionally and categorically in a non‐patient sample. We selected a non‐student sample (n = 404) and focused on two risk groups (PhA: n = 14; combined PER/MI: n = 36), and a control group (n = 19) using the SCID II to assess personality disorders at a time period two years later. MI explained most of the variance in clinically relevant schizotypal personality disorder symptoms, while PER and PhA dimensionally were associated with the number of diagnostic criteria met for other personality disorders. While both risk groups exceeded the control group in clinically relevant borderline traits, only the PER/MI‐individuals differed in fulfilling more criteria for schizotypal personality disorder. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 1091–1101, 2002.
Development of a measure that integrates positive and negative affect and personality: The comprehensive personality and affect scales
Authors: Lubin Bernard , Van Whitlock Rod 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe development, reliability and validity of a new measure of personality and affect, the Comprehensive Personality and Affect Scales (COPAS) was investigated in three studies of college students. In study 1, the factor structure of personality, negative affect, and positive affect was assessed, with five‐factors found in each of the three analyses. Fifteen scales (Personality: Emotionality, Extroversion, Openness, Conscientiousness, and Agreeableness; Negative Affect: Depression, Hostility, Agitation, Anxiety, and Social Anxiety; Positive Affect: Contentment, Joy, Love, Vigor, and Excitement) were constructed based on results of the factor analysis. Confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the measurement model. In study 2, the reliability and construct validity of each of the 15 factor‐derived scales was assessed in both referred and non‐referred college students. Study 3 investigated the utility of the COPAS scales in differentiating referred and non‐referred college students. Results indicated that reliability of the scales was good to excellent, while convergent and divergent validity was good for most scales. The COPAS scales were also shown to differentiate between referred and non‐referred samples of college students. Overall, the COPAS was shown to be suitable for research with college student populations. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 1135–1156, 2002.
Reasons for therapy termination in a university psychology clinic
Authors: Renk Kimberly , Dinger Tara M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis study examined the reasons for therapy termination documented by graduate student therapists. The closed case files of individual adult clients who had terminated their therapy experience at a university‐based psychology clinic were reviewed. Results indicated that the most frequent reasons for termination documented by graduate student therapists were that clients stopped attending therapy sessions without providing their therapists with notice or reason and that clients reached a satisfactory termination point in their therapy experience. A substantial number of clients terminated therapy because of difficulties unrelated to therapy, seeking services elsewhere, or dissatisfaction with therapy services. Level of depressive symptomatology and the number of sessions attended differed across clients who had different reasons for termination. By addressing such client concerns early in the therapy experience, premature termination may be prevented. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 1173–1181, 2002.
Introduction: The (overlooked) virtues of “unvirtuous” attitudes and behavior: Reconsidering negativity, complaining, pessimism, and “false” hope
Authors: Held Barbara S. , Bohart Arthur C. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe attitudes and behaviors examined in this special section—namely, negativity, complaining, pessimism, and “false” hope—have not typically been viewed as virtuous either in popular culture or in professional psychology. In reconsidering these attitudes and behaviors, each of the authors demonstrates how there may actually be virtue, or at least something positive, in what has typically been cast in a negative light. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 961–964, 2002.
The tyranny of the positive attitude in America: Observation and speculation
Authors: Held Barbara S. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAccording to both popular and professional indicators, the push for the positive attitude in America is on the rise. After considering the popular culture zeitgeist, I compare and contrast two recent professional psychology movements—those of positive psychology and postmodern therapy—both of which rest on a foundation of optimism and positive thinking despite their opposing views about a proper philosophy of science. I then present cross‐cultural empirical research that calls into question the typical (North American) assumption that a positive attitude is necessary for (a sense of) well‐being. I also consider findings in health psychology, clinical/counseling psychology, and organizational behavioral science, findings which call into question the assumption that accentuating the positive (and eliminating the negative) is necessarily beneficial in terms of physical and mental health. The clinical/therapeutic implications of this analysis are addressed, as I put forth my conjecture about the existence of what I call the “tyranny of the positive attitude” in the form of a question: If there indeed now exists unprecedented pressure to accentuate the positive, could it then be that the pressure itself to be happy and optimistic contributes to at least some forms of unhappiness? © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 965–991, 2002.
The positive psychology of negative thinking
Authors: Norem Julie K. , Chang Edward C. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAs the positive psychology movement gains momentum, both within psychology and in the broader culture, it becomes increasingly important to ensure that the complexity of individual personality and psychological processes do not get lost in a “one‐size‐fits‐all” approach to improving human functioning. In this article, we consider some of the ways that the costs and benefits of different kinds of optimism and pessimism may vary across different individuals, situations, and cultural contexts. We use defensive pessimism research to illustrate that there are times when pessimism and negative thinking are indeed positive psychology, as they lead to better performance and personal growth. We also consider the ways in which dominant American culture—and research in psychology—may underestimate some of the costs of optimism. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 993–1001, 2002.
Whining, griping, and complaining: Positivity in the negativity
Authors: Kowalski Robin M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractRecent years have seen a surge of interest in the positive psychology movement. The emphasis of positive psychology is on human virtue rather than on human vice, on human strength rather than human frailty. In an effort to focus on what is good about human nature, however, the positive psychology movement has neglected to examine the redeeming features of seemingly aversive behaviors. Thus, the purpose of the present article is to broaden the scope of positive psychology by examining, in addition to its negative facets, the positive features of one particular aversive behavior, complaining. After defining complaining, we address the personal, relational, interpersonal, and material benefits of complaining to show that there is, indeed, positivity in the negativity. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 1023–1035, 2002.
“False” hope
Authors: Snyder C.R. , Rand Kevin L. , King Elisa A. , Feldman David B. , Woodward Julia T. 
Published: September 2002

Abstract“False” hope is condemned in the literature on the grounds that it reflects the counterproductive use of: (a) expectations based on illusions rather than reality, (b) inappropriate goals, and (c) poor strategies to reach desired goals. Snyder, Harris, et al.'s (1991) hope theory involving self‐referential thoughts about finding routes to desired goals (pathways) and the motivation to use those routes (agency) is used as a framework for examining these three criticisms of false hope. It is concluded that the presently available evidence does not support any of the false‐hope criticisms. The implications of hope‐related issues for the applied clinical arena are discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 1003–1022, 2002.
Growth arrest in G1 protects against oxygen‐induced DNA damage and cell death
Authors: Rancourt Raymond C. , Hayes Daniel D. , Chess Patricia R. , Keng Peter C. , O'Reilly Michael A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAlthough oxygen is required for normal aerobic respiration, hyperoxia (95% O2/5% CO2) damages DNA, inhibits proliferation in G1, S and G2 phases of the cell cycle, and induces necrosis. The current study examines whether growth arrest in G1 protects pulmonary epithelial cells from oxidative DNA damage and cell death. Mv1Lu pulmonary adenocarcinoma cells were chosen for studies because hyperoxia inhibits their proliferation in S and G2 phase, while they can be induced to arrest in G1 by altering culture conditions. Hyperoxia inhibited proliferation, increased intracellular redox, and rapidly reduced clonogenic survival. In contrast, Mv1Lu cells treated with transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1, deprived of serum or grown to confluency, arrested and remained predominantly in G1 even during exposure. Growth arrest in G1 significantly enhanced clonogenic survival by 10–50‐fold. Enhanced survival was not due to reduction in the intracellular redox‐state of the cells, but instead was associated with reduced DNA strand breaks and p53 expression. Our findings suggest that the protective effects of G1 is mediated not simply by a reduction in intracellular ROS, but rather through an enhanced ability to limit or rapidly recognize and repair damaged DNA. J. Cell. Physiol. 193: 26–36, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.