bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developed and Validated for the Estimation of Tapinarof in Topical Formulation and Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
Authors: Chavva Raghunatha Reddy , Gosu Nageswara Reddy 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Its broad applicability and capacity to separate numerous components in a single chromatographic run led to the initial recognition of reversed-phase (RP)-HPLC as an analytical technique.

Objective
The objective of this study was to create a straightforward and reliable method for accurately and precisely measuring the amount of tapinarof in both the topical formulation and the active pharmaceutical ingredient. Additionally, a robust HPLC assay was developed specifically for analyzing the topical formulation.

Methods
In this study, chromatographic analysis was conducted using a Kromosil C18 column with dimensions of 250 × 4.6 mm and a particle size of 5 microns. The mobile phase consisted of a phosphate buffer and methanol in a ratio of 100:900 (v/v). The flow rate was set at 1.0 mL/min, with an injection volume of 10 µL and a run time of 6 min using isocratic elution. UV detection was performed at a wavelength of 313 nm, and the temperature was maintained at 30°C. The analysis showed well-separated peaks with a high number of theoretical plates, a low tailing factor, and consistent retention time. Validation of the method was conducted, and all validation parameters were found to be within the acceptable limits.

Results
A method that is simple, accurate, and precise has been developed to estimate the amount of tapinarof in a topical formulation and active pharmaceutical ingredient. The optimized method involved the use of a column temperature set at 30°C, 90% methanol as the mobile phase, and a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The retention time for tapinarof was determined to be 2.88 min. The method exhibited linearity in the concentration range of 5 to 30 µg/mL (with an R2 value greater than 0.999) for tapinarof.

Conclusion
The topical formulated cream and active pharmaceutical ingredient showed more than 90% dissolution within 5 min. The method developed in this study utilized photo diode array (PDA) for peak integrity and purity confirmation, making it suitable for the quantification of tapinarof in both topical formulations and active pharmaceutical ingredients.

Highlights
The method was validated and can be recommended for routine analysis in QC laboratories.
Frequency and diversity of indoxacarb resistance in Australian Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Bird Lisa J , Walker Paul W , Drynan Linda J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Annual indoxacarb resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) populations collected from various crops in Australia was monitored between 2013 and 2023. Resistance frequency determined by F2 screening using a predetermined discriminating dose of indoxacarb, was lowest in the 2013–2014 and 2015–2016 seasons at 0.0164 and 0.0246, respectively. Resistance then increased significantly to a ten-year high of 0.0869 in 2018–2019 but declined to 0.0557 in 2019–2020 during a severe drought, remaining relatively stable thereafter to 2023. Indoxacarb resistance was first detected in H. armigera collected from maize in the Gwydir valley, New South Wales, in 2013 (strain GY7-39). In 2017, a second indoxacarb resistant H. armigera strain (UN1U3-10) was isolated from a population collected in chickpeas in the Liverpool Plains, New South Wales. Indoxacarb resistance of this strain was characterized to evaluate its potential to compromise the ongoing effectiveness of insecticide resistance management strategies in Australian farming systems. Survival at the discriminating dose of indoxacarb in UN1U3-10 was 28.9, 52.6, 86.7, and 92.9% in the F2, F3, F4, and F5, respectively. Following introgression with a susceptible strain and reselection with the discriminating dose of indoxacarb, the resistance ratio of UN1U3-10 was approximately 800-fold. Resistance was autosomal, incompletely dominant and conferred by more than 1 locus. While indoxacarb resistance in UN1U3-10 did not confer to emamectin benzoate or spinetoram and there was no evidence of major cross-resistance to the Bt toxins Cry1A, Cry2A or Vip3A, there was 5-fold reduced sensitivity to chlorantraniliprole. Indoxacarb resistance was suppressed by approximately 10-fold by PBO with no synergism by TPP or DEM, suggesting the involvement of cytochrome P450 enzymes. A stability analysis indicated a fitness cost may be associated with the genes that confer resistance in the UN1U3-10 strain. The potential risk for diverse indoxacarb resistance in the Australian H. armigera population is discussed.
Optimizing Exosome Preparation Based on Size and Morphology: Insights From Electron Microscopy
Authors: Ishii Noriyuki , Noguchi Keiichi , Ikemoto Mitsushi J , Yohda Masafumi , Odahara Takayuki 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, are crucial in intercellular communication, but differentiating between exosomes and microvesicles is challenging due to their similar morphology and size. This study focuses on multivesicular bodies (MVBs), where exosomes mature, and optimizes exosome isolation using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for size information. Considering that EVs are nanocolloidal particles, a salt-free Bis-Tris buffer is found to maintain EV integrity better than phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and TEM analysis confirm that intact exosome fractions under the salt-free Bis-Tris buffer condition exhibit polydispersity, including a unique population of &lt;50 nm vesicles resembling intraluminal membrane vesicles (ILVs) in MVBs, alongside larger populations. This &lt;50 nm population disappears in PBS or Bis-Tris buffer with 140 mM NaCl, transforming into a monodisperse population &gt;100 nm. Immunoelectron microscopy also validates the presence of CD63, an exosome biomarker, on approximately 50 nm EVs. These findings provide valuable insights into exosome characterization and isolation, essential for future biomedical applications in diagnostics and drug delivery.
The Effects of Genetic Distance and Genetic Diversity on Genomic Prediction Accuracy for Soybean Quantitative Disease Resistance to Phytophthora sojae
Authors: Rolling William R. , Lake Rhiannon , Dorrance Anne E. , McHale Leah K. 
Published: October 2023

Assessing quantitative disease resistance and other complex traits can be time- and space-consuming, limiting the number of lines that can be evaluated in a breeding program. A potential improvement is the application of genomic prediction models, where genotypic data are used to calculate genomic estimated breeding values, referred to as genomic selection. Genomic prediction uses training datasets, where a germplasm panel is phenotyped and genotyped to calculate genomic estimated breeding values in a validation panel of lines based solely on genotypic data. To develop an initial phenotypic dataset, breeders may consider utilizing previously phenotyped lines in a publicly available dataset, such as plant introductions (PIs) from the USDA Soybean collection. A relevant question is, how effective is genomic prediction across diverse training and prediction panels? To answer this, we used previously collected phenotypic data for quantitative disease resistance toward Phytophthora sojae. Diverse germplasm panels were represented by sets of PIs originating from the United States, the Republic of Korea, and worldwide, for a total collection of 1,768 PIs. The accuracy of the prediction model was significantly influenced by population differentiation between panels, as well as genetic and phenotypic diversity. Low prediction accuracy resulted when the panel used to create the prediction model was highly differentiated from the validation panel. However, the addition of a small number of accessions to the training panel that were more closely related to the validation panel resulted in increased accuracy. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Introduction and a brief historical overview of the International Association for the Study of Pain
Authors: Sessle Barry J. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The mission of the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) is “to bring together scientists, clinicians, healthcare providers, and policymakers to stimulate and support the study of pain and to translate that knowledge into improved pain relief worldwide.” The IASP will celebrate its 50th anniversary next year, and the series of articles published in this special issue of its flagship journal PAIN highlights the IASP's achievements over the past 5 decades. This article provides a brief historical overview of the IASP's 50-year journey, including the key “players,” events, and initiatives leading to its formation and contributing to its progress. It complements the other articles outlining the contributions that the IASP has made and likely will continue to make to advances in pain education, research, management and advocacy, and its value to the IASP members.
Comparative efficacy of Chinese herbal injections for treating endometrial carcinoma: A Bayesian network meta-analysis
Authors: Li Qin , Chen Qi , Zhang Zhi , Yang Shuo 
Published: October 2023

Background:
In view of the limitations of chemotherapy (CT) for endometrial carcinoma (EC) and the extensive use of Chinese herbal injections (CHIs), this network meta-analysis (NMA) compared the efficacy and safety of 6 CHIs combined with CT for EC.

Methods:
Several electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The retrieval period was from the establishment of the databases to September 18, 2022. The quality of the literature was assessed after data extraction using Review Manager version 5.4. The Stata 13.1 and OpenBUGS3.2.3 software were used for data analysis. Cluster analysis was performed to compare the effect of CHIs between 2 different outcomes.

Results:
A total of 25 RCTs with 2023 patients were included. The findings demonstrated that when combined with CT, Aidi, Compound Kushen, Kangai, Eshuyou injection, and Shenmai injection can increase clinical efficacy compared to chemotherapy alone. The KPS level can be raised with aidi injection. Combining CT with injections of Aidi, Shenmai, Huangqi, and Compound Kushen can improve immunological performance. Combining CT with injections of Aidi, Huangqi, and Compound Kushen can lower serum amounts of tumor markers. Kangai injection was regarded as a good option for minimizing negative responses. According to the cluster analysis, the clinical effective rate, the KPS score, the level of CA125, and the clinical effective rate of Kangai injection and Aidi injection combined with CT were all better.

Conclusion:
Current evidence revealed that CHIs combined with CT have a better impact on patients with EC than CT alone. It’s possible that KangAi, Aidi, and Eshuyou infusion are the best CHIs for EC. Additionally, more high-quality RCTs are required in order to further corroborate the findings due to NMA’s limitations.
Comparison of different drug for reducing testosterone levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Hao Song-Li , Zhang Chun-Lan , Meng Xiao-Yu 
Published: October 2023

Background:
The optimal drug for treatment with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was in debate. We did this network meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of different drugs for reducing testosterone levels in women with PCOS.

Methods:
We searched studies from inception until January 10, 2023, through PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library database. All studies comparing different drugs for reducing testosterone levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome were included in this network meta-analysis. Outcomes were total testosterone levels, free testosterone levels, and withdraw due to adverse events. We calculated the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) for each treatment.

Results:
Finally, a total of 13 studies were finally included in this network meta-analysis. In head-to-head comparison, atorvastatin (WMD −3.1, 95% CrI: −3.7 to −2.5), metformin (WMD −2.6, 95% CrI: −3.5 to −1.6), metformin + simvastatin (WMD −2.8, 95% CrI: −4.1 to −1.5), simvastatin (WMD −2.7, 95% CrI: −4.2 to −1.3), spironolactone (WMD −3.1, 95% CrI: −4.3 to −1.9), spironolactone + metformin (WMD −3.2, 95% CrI: −4.5 to −2.0) were all more effective than the placebo, and the difference was statistically significant (P < .05). The SUCRA shows that spironolactone + metformin ranked first (SUCRA, 85.0%), Atorvastatin ranked second (SUCRA, 77.7%), Spironolactone ranked third (SUCRA, 77.2%), and metformin + simvastatin ranked the fourth. The SUCRA of different drugs for free testosterone levels shows that atorvastatin ranked first (SUCRA, 75.0%), spironolactone + metformin ranked second (SUCRA, 5.3%), metformin + simvastain ranked third (SUCRA, 62.6%), and spironolactone ranked the fourth (SUCRA, 56.4%). No statistically significant differences were found between the 2 treatment groups for withdrawn due to adverse events (P > .05).

Conclusions:
Considering the network meta-analysis and rankings, atorvastatin was recommended to be the optimal drug for treatment PCOS. However, the optimal dose of atorvastatin was unknown and should be verified by more randomized controlled trials.
Blood flow restriction training on physical parameters in elite male canoe athletes
Authors: Ugur Tosun Burcin , Angin Ender , Kirmizigil Berkiye , Yolcu Mustafa 
Published: October 2023

Background:
To investigate the effect blood flow restriction (BFR) exercises on muscle size, strength and athletic performance in elite canoe athletes aged 18 to 25 years.

Methods:
This was a randomized controlled trial. The participants were divided into 2 groups: the intervention group (INT-gr) (n = 17, age: 18.59 ± 0.71 years) and the control group (CONT-gr) (n = 16, age: 18.81 ± 1.11 years). Anthropometric measurements, muscle size measured by ultrasound (US), strength measurements with an isokinetic dynamometer, and ergometer performance with an indoor ergometer were conducted before and after the exercise program. Knee flexion and extension and leg press one-repetition maximum (1 RM) tests were performed to determine the participants’ training program. The INT-gr performed 1 RM 30% resistance training + BFR for 8 weeks, while the CONT-gr performed 1 RM 30% resistance training (RT) without BFR with their routine training program. US was used to measure the cross sectional area (CSA) and thickness of the quadriceps femoris (QF) and Hamstring (H) muscles in the pre-post design, and the isokinetic dynamometer was used to measure the strength of bilateral 60˚/s and 300˚/s peak torque (PT) values of the QF and H. Sports performance was tested on an indoor ergometer at distances of 200, 500, and 1000 m.

Results:
The changes in bilateral rectus femoris (RF) CSA and VL thickness measurements in the INT-gr were significant (P < .05). Ergometer performance measurements showed a significant improvement over CONT-gr at all distances (P < .05). In terms of strength scores measured by the isokinetic dynamometer, the right QF and H 300˚/s and the left QF 60˚/s PT values were significantly in favor of INT-gr.

Conclusion:
BFR exercises are effective to increase strength, muscle size, and ergometer performance in elite canoe athletes.
Effect of acupoint catgut embedding combined with western medicine on patients with stable COPD: Acupoint catgut embedding treating stable COPD meta-analysis
Authors: Gu Chengfeng , Yu Yunfeng , Chen Yan , Duan Shenjia , Xu Rong , Liu Shang , Wang Can 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Although bronchodilators and glucocorticoids can reduce the symptoms of cough and asthma to a certain extent, the adverse drug reactions and recurrence after recovery still trouble clinicians. Acupoint catgut embedding is effective in preventing and treating acute recurrence and deterioration of COPD, but its clinical efficacy remains controversial. Therefore, this study evaluated the clinical efficacy and safety of acupoint catgut embedding combined with conventional Western medicine for COPD through meta-analysis.

Methods:
Pubmed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Sinomed, China Knowledge Network, VIP, and Wanfang databases were searched, with a time frame from database creation to November 2022. Meta-analysis was performed with Revman 5.3. Publication bias was assessed by Stata 15.0.

Results:
Seventeen studies were listed, with a total sample size of 1516 cases. Meta-analysis showed that compared with conventional western medicine, acupoint catgut embedding combined with conventional western medicine could effectively improve the total effective rate of clinical symptoms of stable COPD [RR = 1.21, 95%CI (1.13, 1.29), P < .00001], forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) [mean difference (MD) = 0.04, 95%CI (0.00, 0.09), P = .04],the percentage of forced expiratory volume in 1 second predicted value [MD = 1.13, 95%CI (0.38,1.88), P = .003], acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [MD = −0.73, 95%CI (−1.04, −0.42), P < .00001], COPD assessment test score [MD = −2.39, 95%CI (−3.65, −1.13), P = .0002], the improved medical research council respiratory questionnaire score (mMRC score) [MD = −0.15, 95%CI (−0.29, −0.02),P = .03], 6-minute walk distance [MD = 28.16, 95%CI (17.31, 39.00), P < .00001], the production of inflammatory factor interleukin-8 [MD = −9.65, 95%CI (−10.44, −8.86), P < .00001], but the adverse event rate was comparable[RR = 1.39, 95%CI (0.28,6.91), P = .69]. However, there was no significant difference in forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity and TNF-α between the acupoint catgut embedding combined group and the conventional western medication group. Harbord test showed no significant publication bias.

Conclusion:
The clinical efficacy of acupoint catgut embedding combined with conventional western medicine for stable COPD is better than that of conventional western medicine, and the safety may be equivalent to that of conventional western medicine, which has the value of further research exploration.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the cystic duct: A case report and literature review
Authors: Wang Hui-Jun , Lu Jun-Jie , Hao Ling-Fang , Li Hai-Na , Li Na , Zheng Wei-Hua , Zhang Jun-Jing 
Published: October 2023

Rationale:
Pure squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the gallbladder is a rare malignant biliary tract tumor predominantly found in the body and neck of the gallbladder. However, its occurrence in the cystic duct is even rarer. Given its rarity, no established guidelines or consensus currently exist regarding the treatment of pure SCC of the gallbladder. We report an unusual case of SCC originating from the cystic duct with the intent of providing insights into the therapeutic approach for this type of malignancy.

Patient concerns:
A male patient presented to our hospital with acute cholecystitis. Unexpectedly, imaging revealed gallbladder malignancy.

Diagnoses:
Pathologic examination after surgery confirmed SCC of the cystic duct.

Interventions:
Despite elevated bilirubin levels, we were able to exclude hilar involvement, enabling radical tumor resection. Intraoperatively, we discovered that the tumor was located in the cystic duct, a site associated with a high likelihood of invasion into neighboring organs. The tumor demonstrated a predominantly exophytic growth pattern, which prompted us to refrain from extending the resection range, thereby striking a balance between complete tumor removal and surgical trauma. We performed liver wedge resection only to ensure a negative resection margin while preserving the anatomical structure to the greatest extent possible. Postoperative recovery was rapid and uncomplicated. Pathological examination confirmed pure SCC, which led us to initiate a regimen of nab-paclitaxel and cisplatin, which is known to be effective in other organ SCCs. Remarkably, the patient experienced a rare and severe posttreatment cardiovascular event. Consequently, we switched the patient to a chemotherapy regimen of gemcitabine and cisplatin, which ultimately yielded positive clinical outcomes.

Outcomes:
no evidence of tumor recurrence was observed within 1 year after surgery.

Lessons:
The diagnosis and therapeutic strategy for rare tumors such as gallbladder SCC should be meticulously tailored based on their unique characteristics to optimize postoperative patient outcomes.
Sintilimab-induced erythema multiforme drug eruption in the treatment of sigmoid colon cancer: A case report and literature review
Authors: Zhang Mei , Wu Ran , Jia Min , Sun Shaoqin , Zhang Lei , Tang Ting 
Published: October 2023

Rationale:
Dermatologic toxicity has been reported as the most common immune-related side effect of programmed cell death 1 inhibitors. Previous reports related to Sintilimab include rash, pruritus, vitiligo, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, and so on.

Patient concerns:
A 66-year-old man was treated with Sintilimab as monotherapy for sigmoid colon cancer. After the second prescription, he developed a more severe and widespread rash.

Diagnoses:
The diagnose of erythema multiforme drug eruption induced by Sintilimab was considered.

Interventions:
The patient received intravenous and oral methylprednisolone, routine antihistamines and topical gluccorticoids.

Outcomes:
The patient’s symptoms were gradually relieved during hospitalization and was discharged following resolution of symptoms. He refused to continue using Sintilimab.

Lessons:
This is the first reported case of Sintilimab-induced erythema multiforme drug eruption. It is advisable to inform patients of potential dermatologic toxicity that may occur after using immune checkpoint inhibitors, so that we may prevent the further development of it and avoid the discontinuation of immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Toenail Composite Tissue Flap as a Novel Reconstructive Approach in the Treatment of Macrodactyly of the Foot
Authors: Wang Yang , Hu Yong , Lian Xiaojie , Chen Hua 
Published: October 2023

Background:
The microsurgical technique has been used to dissect macrodactyly into a composite tissue flap with arteries, veins, and toenail phalanxes to reconstruct the deformed toe into a nearly normal one.

Methods:
This study retrospectively collected relevant data from 10 patients undergoing toenail composite tissue flaps to reconstruct their macrodactyly. This case series included 2 female and 8 male pediatric patients with a mean age of 27.2 months (range, 8 to 64 months), who had been followed up for an average of 24.3 months after the reconstruction surgery (range, 3 to 57 months). The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society Scale score was obtained by the operating surgeons before and after the reconstruction operation, and all the patients completed the postoperative questionnaires.

Results:
The reconstruction surgery took an average of 3 hours with minimal intraoperative blood loss. The postoperative American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society Scale score was significantly improved from the one before surgery (33.3 ± 12.4 versus 76.3 ± 10; P ≤ 0.001). The average score obtained from the postoperative questionnaires for foot macrodactyly was 9.4, in the range between 0 and 10 for the functional and aesthetic restorations. All reconstructed toes were viable without signs of infection or necrosis and possessed satisfactory function and appearance during the follow-up period after the reconstruction operations.

Conclusion:
It is feasible and effective to dissect a macrodactyly into a composite tissue flap for being reconstructed into a nearly normal toe.