bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between stable cesium concentration and body size of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus and the effect of a size‐dependent shift in diet
Authors: Kurita Yutaka , Shirai Kotaro , Kubota Kaoru , Togashi Hiroyuki , Morita Takami 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTo understand the relationship between the radioactive cesium (Cs) concentration in muscle of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus and the species' biological characteristics (size, sex, and age) under conditions of ecological equilibrium (i.e., distributed among ecosystem components over sufficient time, and with nearly constant ratios of Cs concentration in organisms to the concentration in water) as existed before the accident at the Fukushima Dai‐ichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS), Japan, in 2011, we examined stable Cs, as it is thought to exist in equilibrium in the environment and behave similarly to radioactive Cs in aquatic animals. The concentration of stable Cs in 241 P. olivaceus (range 216–782 mm total length [TL]) collected in Sendai Bay, approximately 90 km north of the FDNPS, in June–July 2015 was expressed as an exponential function with size as an independent variable; the results show the concentration of stable Cs doubled with an increase in TL of 442 mm. Next, to evaluate the cause of the size‐dependent change in stable Cs concentration, we examined 909 individuals (200–770 mm TL) collected in September 2013–July 2015 to determine their feeding habit based on size. Analysis of the frequency of occurrence of prey organisms in stomach contents showed that sand lance Ammodytes japonicus (55–180 mm standard length [SL]) was the most consistently consumed across size classes. Analysis on a wet‐mass basis showed that A. japonicus and anchovy Engraulis japonicus (65–130 mm SL) were the main food of P. olivaceus sized 200–599 mm TL, whereas chub mackerel Scomber japonicus (120–230 mm SL) and two species of flatfishes (180–205 mm SL) were abundant in the diet of P. olivaceus sized ≥600 mm TL. All these prey items were presumed to have similar concentrations of stable Cs. Based on the above, the effect of diet on the relationship between stable Cs in muscle and fish size was considered negligible. That the diet of P. olivaceus largely did not change with size was also confirmed by C and N stable isotope ratios in P. olivaceus and their prey species. Therefore, the Cs–size relationship is probably determined by changes in the balance between the rate of Cs intake from food and seawater and the excretion rate during growth, both of which change as functions of body mass. Values of stable Cs concentrations among environmental components and animals appear to be a valid indicator for understanding the radioactive Cs distribution in the marine environment and aquatic animals under the equilibrium state, as existed before the 2011 nuclear accident.
Associations between self‐reported sleep, overnight memory consolidation, and emotion perception: A large‐scale online study in the general population
Authors: Sharman Rachel , Kyle Simon D. , Espie Colin A. , Tamm Sandra 
Published: November 2023

SummaryExperimental studies suggest that short or disrupted sleep impairs memory consolidation, mood, and perception of emotional stimuli. However, studies have chiefly relied on laboratory‐based study designs and small sample sizes. The aim of this fully online and pre‐registered study was to investigate the association between sleep and overnight memory consolidation, emotion perception, and affect in a large, self‐selected UK sample. A total of 1646 participants (473 completed) took part in an online study, where they completed a declarative (word‐pairs) memory task, emotion perception task (valence ratings of images), and rated their affect within 2 h of bed‐time. The following morning, participants reported on their state affect, sleep for the previous night, completed a cued recall task for the previously presented word‐pairs, rated the valence of previously viewed images, and completed a surprise recognition task. Demographic data and habitual sleep quality and duration (sleep traits) were also recorded. Habitual sleep traits were associated with immediate recall for the word‐pairs task, while self‐reported sleep parameters for the specific night were not associated with overnight memory consolidation. Neither habitual sleep traits, nor nightly sleep parameters were associated with unpleasantness ratings to negative stimuli or overnight habituation. Habitual poor sleep was associated with less positive and more negative affect, and morning affect was predicted by the specific night's sleep. This study suggests that overnight emotional processing and declarative memory may not be associated with self‐reported sleep across individuals. More work is needed to understand how findings from laboratory‐based studies extrapolate to real‐world samples and contexts.
GWAS reveals a rapidly evolving candidate avirulence effector in the Cercospora leaf spot pathogen
Authors: Chen Chen , Keunecke Harald , Bemm Felix , Gyetvai Gabor , Neu Enzo , Kopisch‐Obuch Friedrich J. , McDonald Bruce A. , Stapley Jessica 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe major resistance gene BvCR4 recently bred into sugar beet hybrids provides a high level of resistance to Cercospora leaf spot caused by the fungal pathogen Cercospora beticola. The occurrence of pathogen strains that overcome BvCR4 was studied using field trials in Switzerland conducted under natural disease pressure. Virulence of a subset of these strains was evaluated in a field trial conducted under elevated artificial disease pressure. We created a new C. beticola reference genome and mapped whole genome sequences of 256 isolates collected in Switzerland and Germany. These were combined with virulence phenotypes to conduct three separate genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) to identify candidate avirulence genes. We identified a locus associated with avirulence containing a putative avirulence effector gene named AvrCR4. All virulent isolates either lacked AvrCR4 or had nonsynonymous mutations within the gene. AvrCR4 was present in all 74 isolates from non‐BvCR4 hybrids, whereas 33 of 89 isolates from BvCR4 hybrids carried a deletion. We also mapped genomic data from 190 publicly available US isolates to our new reference genome. The AvrCR4 deletion was found in only one of 95 unique isolates from non‐BvCR4 hybrids in the United States. AvrCR4 presents a unique example of an avirulence effector in which virulent alleles have only recently emerged. Most likely these were selected out of standing genetic variation after deployment of BvCR4. Identification of AvrCR4 will enable real‐time screening of C. beticola populations for the emergence and spread of virulent isolates.
Knockout of the sugar transporter OsSTP15 enhances grain yield by improving tiller number due to increased sugar content in the shoot base of rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Li Mingjuan , Li Hongye , Zhu Qidong , Liu Dong , Li Zhen , Chen Haifei , Luo Jinsong , Gong Pan , Ismail Abdelbagi M. , Zhang Zhenhua 
Published: November 2023

Summary

Sugar transporter proteins (STPs) play critical roles in regulating plant stress tolerance, growth, and development. However, the role of STPs in regulating crop yield is poorly understood.

This study elucidates the mechanism by which knockout of the sugar transporter OsSTP15 enhances grain yield via increasing the tiller number in rice.

We found that OsSTP15 is specifically expressed in the shoot base and vascular bundle sheath of seedlings and encodes a plasma membrane‐localized high‐affinity glucose efflux transporter. OsSTP15 knockout enhanced sucrose and trehalose‐6‐phosphate (Tre6P) synthesis in leaves and improved sucrose transport to the shoot base by inducing the expression of sucrose transporters. Higher glucose, sucrose, and Tre6P contents were observed at the shoot base of stp15 plants. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses of the shoot base demonstrated that OsSTP15 knockout upregulated the expression of cytokinin (CK) synthesis‐ and signaling pathway‐related genes and increased CK levels.

These findings suggest that OsSTP15 knockout represses glucose export from the cytoplasm and simultaneously enhances sugar transport from source leaves to the shoot base by promoting the synthesis of sucrose and Tre6P in leaves. Subsequent accumulation of glucose, sucrose, and Tre6P in the shoot base promotes tillering by stimulating the CK signaling pathway.
Effect of Curing Time and Water to Binder Ratio on Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Cement Exposed to Gamma Irradiation
Authors: Moschetti Ilaria , Sarrasin Lola , Blain Guillaume , Mossini Eros , Mariani Mario , Abdelouas Abdesselam 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Metallic Waste (MW) is one type of low and intermediate radioactive waste. It is estimated that the current fleet of civil nuclear power reactors throughout the world would produce about 500 000 tons of this kind of waste in the near future due to their advancing age. MW comes mainly from spent fuel reprocessing facility, storage ponds and reactor primary circuit systems. MW typically consists of stainless steels or nickel alloys, which are the primary components of nuclear installations. Aluminum and beryllium belong to this waste category and are also called Reactive Metallic Waste (RMW).
The major risk involved in trying to encapsulate RMW is corrosion, resulting in hydrogen release. In a specific pH range, MW forms a stable protective oxide coating. It is therefore important to employ matrices that provide a favorable environment, reducing the reactivity of MW and thus the production of hydrogen gas. Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is not recommended for RMW encapsulation due to its extremely alkaline pore solution which favors corrosion. Moreover, the high content of free water may further contribute to H2 production due to water radiolysis. One of the potential matrices being considered for the encapsulation of RMW is Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Cement (MKPC), produced from the acid-base reaction between magnesium oxide (MgO) and dihydrogen potassium phosphate salt (KH2PO4). The lower pH ensures RMW remains inside the passivation range, while maintaining high performance characteristics, such as compressive strength and stability towards leaching.
To assess the applicability of MKPC as a containment matrix for radioactive RMW, it is important to evaluate its resistance to radiation, thus ascertaining the radiolytic production of H2, as well as its durability. In this study, a Cs-137 gamma source has been used to irradiate:
i. at 200 kGy samples with different curing ages, ranging from few days to 28 days, to shed light on the effects of irradiation during the curing period,
ii. at different doses samples with the same 28 days curing time (reference) to better understand the effect of the total absorbed dose,
iii. at 200 kGy samples with slightly different water to binder ratio to investigate the impact on radiolytic production of H2.
To evaluate possible radiation-induced modification of the structure and morphology of the MKPC, XRD and SEM-EDX have been used. Micro-gas chromatography analyses have been performed to determine the amount of radiolytic H2 released. The water immersion resistance of irradiated MKPC is also evaluated by a standard leaching protocol. Non irradiated MKPC samples have been tested as reference. The encouraging results obtained in this work further promote the use of MKPC for the encapsulation of RMW.
Geostatistics ALARA Principle for Waste Classification During Radiological Characterization
Authors: Desnoyers Yvon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Geostatistics provides innovative tools for the radiological characterization of nuclear facilities under decommissioning as well as contaminated sites for remediation. The relevance of this approach relies on the presence of a spatial continuity for radiological contamination. In this case, geostatistics provides reliable activity estimates, uncertainty quantification and risk analysis, which are essential decision-making tools for decommissioning and dismantling projects of nuclear installations.
Waste characterization is then performed taking all relevant information into account: historical knowledge, surface measurements and samples. Thanks to the multivariate processing, the different investigation stages can be rationalized as regards quantity and positioning.
Waste characterization is finally obtained through the analysis of probability maps of exceeding activity levels. The estimation support must be considered to discriminate punctual issues, such as hot spot identification, and waste production issues on larger areas. The main goal of this data processing remains an easier radiological waste management and the best waste categorization with acceptable investigation costs.
The combination between geostatistics outputs and technical/budget constraints leads to a very visual and helpful decision tool. Following the ALARA principle (As Low As Reasonable Achievable), a balance between removed contamination and related treated volume can be discussed on sound results.
Advances in Radiographic Inspection and Characterization Techniques for L/ILW Radioactive Waste Which Cannot Be Brought to an Inspection Facility
Authors: Halliwell Stephen , Pickrell Matthew , Maziuk Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Many industries need X-ray Inspection of equipment and materials which, for many reasons, cannot be brought to an Inspection Facility and require radiographic imaging techniques where a portable imaging system is brought to an item of interest. For general industry these reasons include:
• Where X-ray inspection facilities exist, they may have been designed and built for well-defined purposes, but which are not capable of handling current requirements.
• Physical size is too large to move or to be accommodated in the available inspection facility.
• The item may be part of an operating plant.
• Relatively short duration inspection programs, which do not justify the investment of an installed inspection facility.
• Nuclear and defense related work with restrictions due to explosive or similar “energetic” contents, equipment subject to National Security regulations, nuclear materials and nuclear waste.
This paper describes the evolution, over the last 20 years, of x-ray inspection techniques that address the above challenges in the nuclear industry. Discussion of the latest x-ray inspection technology together with today’s research and development of x-ray sources and detectors will illustrate how previously impracticable inspection and characterization techniques and previously unachievable x-ray imaging performances can be applied for the inspection of nuclear plant and equipment and the characterization of nuclear waste.
The evolution of x-ray inspection covers the transition from analog x-ray to digital x-ray techniques, the experience from the use of mobile modular systems, and the introduction of High Energy Digital Radiography (HE-DR) and High Energy Computed Tomography (HE-CT) in portable and mobile modular configurations for use in field applications. The experience of using Limited Angle Computed Tomography (LA-CT) where space to perform conventional 360-degree scanning is not available is described.
The final section of the paper contains details of the current R&D program that will provide better imaging sensitivity for high energy x-ray techniques via new detector technology, and the current R&D programs that will provide more powerful small high energy x-ray sources, and specially configured transportable high energy x-ray sources. When combined they will deliver safe yet significantly enhanced inspection solutions for items in the field.
Release Measurements of Large Soil Amounts From Site Decommissioning – Challenges and Success
Authors: Klein Christoph , Langer Felix 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
NUKEM’s system FREMES (Free Release Measurement System) provides the possibility to radiologically characterize and sort large amounts of different bulk materials (like soil types, crushed building materials, shredded metals, etc.) in real time and with high throughputs. Although basically being a well-established measurement procedure, to reliably process large material quantities with many single measurements and a fully automated system is challenging and requires a concise effort.
Experience from commissioning and operation of two realizations of this system is presented in this article, showing the main challenges which were met, together with the key success factors, which helped dealing with them and closing the process to the customers’ satisfaction. Main challenges from the first project implementation were mainly technically, like design of a new system with up-to-date technologies and its many small optimizations and fixes, as well as unexpected conditions and events on site.
Careful preparation, and a constant process of optimizing the system during operation resulted in a reliable design, which proved itself in the second installation. There however, the general circumstances of the project were much more difficult. Intensive communication with by the customer, good planning, as well as most important a motivated team and the willingness of all parties for success proved here as key factors, as already in the project before. NUKEM’s team are therefore well prepared and ready for more applications in the future.
History and Advances in German HLLW Vitrification Technology With Joule Heated Liquid Fed Ceramic Melter
Authors: Fabian Michael , Steringer Anton , Wernz Wolfgang , Qingbin Zhao , Heyi Guo , Xiaoli Chen , Weisenburger Siegfried 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
History and current state of the German technology of Liquid Fed Ceramic Melter (LFCM) for High Level Liquid Waste (HLLW) vitrification are described. The development of the technology started at Karlsruhe Research Centre (now Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT) in 1976. The LFCM technique was first time applied with radioactive waste by the PAMELA plant in Mol/Belgium (1985–1991), followed by the VEK plant (Verglasungseinrichtung Karlsruhe) 2009–2010 at the former German pilot reprocessing plant WAK (Wiederaufarbeitungsanlage Karlsruhe), and was used in the Vitrification Plant China (VPC) in Guangyuan/Sichuan Province (2020–2023). The hot operation of the PAMELA plant had primarily shown that flat-bottomed melter require significant design modifications when noble metals containing HLLW (Ru, Rh, and Pd) has to be processed. Otherwise, these constituents disturb the glass pool heating as well as the glass pouring operation and diminish the throughput capacity of the melter. This and some other experienced problems during the otherwise successful PAMELA operation have been overcome by advanced melter design used for VEK and VPC as well as for the future Chinese Diwopu plant melters.
Implementation of a Multi-Purpose Radioactive Waste Tracking System in the Framework of Radioactive Waste Management
Authors: Bianchilli Battistina , Andreozzi Claudio , Mauro Egidio , Del Gatto Marco , Sambatakakis Giorgio , Nucci Alessandro , Gallarati Martina 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Nucleco S.p.A is an Italian operator in the field of radioactive waste management. The waste is generally accepted in the temporary storage and subsequently characterized via a combination of Non-Destructive and Destructive Techniques defined according to the radiological spectrum of the waste. The information on the origin, physical state and radiological content are used to define the waste treatment strategy. Treatment processes are performed inside Nucleco Solid radioactive waste Treatment Plant and Liquid radioactive waste Treatment Plant. Finally, the properly conditioned waste is packaged into qualified drums and safely stored in Nucleco temporary repositories.
In the framework of the above-mentioned activities, Nucleco developed a database (DB-waste) to centralize and manage all the information concerning radioactive waste, from collection to storage.
DB-waste is strongly connected to Nucleco process flow and plants and its features include recording of new data, consultation and querying of available information, preparation of documentation to be sent to the Regulatory Authority and update to meet compliance with both new legislative requirements and operating license of the Site. Moreover, in a future perspective, 3D reconstruction of Nucleco temporary storage could be implemented into DB-waste.
Experimental Characterization of Confined, Package-Level Direct Two-Phase Jet Impingement Cooling With Micro-Pin Fin Surface Enhancement
Authors: Wu Qianying , Gong Zheng , Chan Chih-Yao , Kwon Heungdong , Goodson Kenneth , Wei Tiwei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The forced liquid jet two-phase impinging cooling with surface enhancement will ensure that the liquid is replenished at the wick, delaying surface drying out and enhancing the maximum operational heat flux of the cooler. We developed a two-phase jet cooler with micro pin fin which can achieve very low chip-to-coolant resistance while significantly reducing the power consumption for a cooling system due to very low flow rate requirements. For a targeted heat flux of 400 W/cm2, we demonstrated a chip-to-coolant thermal resistance of 0.080 cm2-°C/W with a flow rate of 50 g/min and associated pressure drop of 1.11 kPa using an active pumping system. Moreover, the pressure drop inside the manifold is precisely monitored using our dedicated test structure inside the manifold. This study is the first to capture the temporal fluctuations of the pressure drop between the inlet and outlet of the jet manifold under various heat flux inputs and flow rates. Our outlet pressure condition measurements suggest that significant pressure fluctuations in the boiling chamber resulting from the bubble movement in the elongated tubing is detrimental to the boiling performance.
Thermal Property Estimation of Thin Layered Structures by Means of Thermoreflectance Measurement and NID Algorithm
Authors: Higuma Daiki , Thomsen Silveira João Vitor , Fushinobu Kazuyoshi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Laser-induced forward transfer (i.e. LIFT) is a powerful tool for micro and nanoscale digital printing of metals that uses a pulsed laser as the driving force. In metal LIFT process, the donor thin metal film is propelled to the receiving substrate and deposited on it. The shape of the deposited metal varies with the conditions of the donor during and after the laser heating. Thus, to accurately simulate the process, appropriate thermal properties and temperature respons of the donor must be given.
In this study, assuming a donor substrate with tens of nm of a metal layer and semi-infinite substrate compared with the metal layer, a 0.5 mm thick Si chip coated with 100 nm of gold was investigated by the combination of thermoreflectance method and NID algorithm.
Thermoreflectance method was used to obtain temperature decay on the surface of the sample after the nanosecond pulsed laser heating. In addition, a network identification by deconvolution (NID) algorithm was used to analyze the temperature response after pulsed laser excitation. The NID method can be used to extract the thermal time constants of the sample and further mathematical operations allow us to investigate the structure of the heat flow path and the thermal properties by making the cumulative structure function and differential structure function.
The structure functions were made from the temperature response of thermoreflectance experiment of the sample and their feasibility will be discussed.