bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maintenance of implants: an in vitro study of titanium implant surface modifications subsequent to the application of different prophylaxis procedures
Authors: Matarasso S. , Quaremba G. , Coraggio F. , Vaia E. , Cafiero C. , Lang N. P. 
Published: March 2003

The aim of the present study was to evaluate surface alterations on titanium implant necks subsequent to different prophylaxis procedures. Fifty ITI implants were utilized. Forty implants were treated with 10 different prophylaxis procedures (ultrasonic scaler, plastic tip ultrasonic scaler, stainless steel curette, titanium curette, teflon curette, air powered system, abrasive rubber cups, polishing rubber cup and brush), and 10 implants were left as untreated controls. Surface alterations were studied on an area of 1mm×0.9mm and quantified using optical microscopic, SEM and laser prophylometer analysis. The use of the laser prophylometer provided an objective criterion for evaluation, expressing implant neck surface alterations in numeric values in terms of two roughness indexes, Ra and Rz. The results showed that, in comparison with the controls (Ra=0.50; Rz=3.98) the procedures investigated could be divided into 3 main groups:1) Methods which altered the implant neck surface producing increased roughness (Ra=0.68–2.08; Rz=4.68–11.92);2) Methods which left the implant neck surface unaltered (Ra=0.44–0.57: Rz=0.42–3.46);3) Methods resulting in a smoothening of the implant neck surface (Ra=0.36; Rz=2.15).Group 1 included procedures that should be avoided. However, it appeared safe to apply the procedures of groups 2 and 3. To confirm these results, it will be necessary to evaluate the plaque‐ and calculus‐removing efficacy from titanium neck implant surfaces in vivo.
Treatment of peri‐implantitis by local delivery of tetracycline
Authors: Mombelli Andrea , Feloutzis Andreas , Brägger Urs , Lang Niklaus P. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical, microbiological and radiological effects of peri‐implantitis therapy by local delivery of tetracycline. In 25 partially edentulous patients, 30 implants with radiographic evidence of circumferential bone loss, and peri‐implant probing depths ≥5 mm were treated with polymeric tetracycline HCl‐containing fibers. Clinical and microbial parameters were recorded at baseline, and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months (M) after treatment. Standardized radiographs were obtained at baseline, M3, and one year after treatment. Two patients were discontinued from the study after 180 days because of persisting active peri‐implantitis with pus formation. The remaining subjects showed a significant decrease of mean peri‐implant probing depth from 6.0 to 4.1 mm (M1, P<0.001), which was maintained over 12 months. In comparison to baseline, the bleeding tendency was significantly reduced after one month, and thereafter (P<0.001). No significant recession of the mucosal margin was noted. The radiologically determined distance from the shoulder of the implant to the bottom of the bony defect decreased slightly, but not significantly, from 5.2 to 4.9 mm. At M1, M3 and M6, mean total anaerobic cultivable bacterial counts were significantly lower than at baseline (P<0.001). A significant decrease in frequency of detection was noted for Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens, Fusobacterium sp., Bacteroides forsythus, and Campylobacter rectus (P<0.01). Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Eikenella corrodens had very low baseline frequencies that could not be significantly suppressed further.In conclusion, therapy of peri‐implantitis by local delivery of tetracycline had a positive effect on clinical and microbiological parameters.
Outcome of implant therapy in relation to experienced loss of periodontal bone support
Authors: Hardt Christoph R. E. , Gröndahl Kerstin , Lekholm Ulf , Wennström Jan L. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract: Purpose: The aim of this retrospective study was to analyse bone level alterations over a 5‐year period at implants in the maxillary posterior segments in patients with varying experience of periodontal bone loss in the natural dentition before implant placement. Material and methods: 97 partially dentate patients with a total of 346 Brånemark® oral implants in the maxillary posterior segments were included. By assessing the degree of radiographic marginal bone loss in the remaining natural dentition at time of the implant therapy, an age‐related bone loss score (ArB‐score) was calculated for description of the patient's experience of periodontal destruction. The two end quartiles of the distribution of the subjects with regard to the ArB‐score were defined as Non‐Perio subjects and Perio subjects, respectively. The primary outcome variables were implant losses (implant failures) and radiographic peri‐implant bone loss over the 5‐year observation period. Results: A total of 18 implants were lost during the 5 years, resulting in an overall failure rate of 5.2%. The corresponding failure rate was 3.3% for the Non‐Perio and 8.0% for the Perio patients. The peri‐implant bone loss from the time of abutment connection to 5 years averaged 1.8 mm (SD 0.7). Of the patients, 34% showed a mean bone loss of > 2 mm and 39% of all implants had experienced a bone loss of 2 mm at the 5‐year examination. The Non‐Perio and Perio patients showed a mean bone loss of 1.7 mm (0.8) and 2.2 mm (0.8), respectively. Multiple regression analysis revealed a statistically significant relationship between the ArB‐score and the peri‐implant bone level change from abutment connection to 5 years (P < 0.05). In all, 64% of Perio patients had a mean peri‐implant bone loss of > 2 mm from the time of abutment connection, compared to 24% for the Non‐Perio patients (P < 0.01). The percentage of implants showing 2 mm of bone loss between abutment connection and 5 years was 62% and 44% in the Perio and Non‐Perio groups, respectively (P = 0.055). Conclusion: The results indicate that longitudinal bone loss around implants is correlated to previous experience of loss of periodontal bone support and that periodontitis susceptible subjects may show an increased implant failure rate.
Implant‐retained mandibular overdentures with ITI implants
Authors: Romeo Eugenio , Chiapasco Matteo , Lazza Andrea , Casentini Paolo , Ghisolfi Marco , Iorio Marco , Vogel Giorgio 
Published: March 2003

Abstract: This prospective study has been designed to compare the results of immediate and delayed loading of implant‐retained mandibular overdentures after a 2‐year follow‐up. Twenty patients have been randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 patients (test group) received four ITI implants in the intraforaminal area of the mandible. Octa® abutments were immediately screwed on implants; 2 days after surgery, the implants were rigidly connected with a U‐shaped Dolder gold bar and loaded with an overdenture. Group 2 patients (control group) received, in the same area, the same type and number of implants, which were left to heal according to the standard protocol. At 3–4 months, Octa abutments were screwed on the implants and the same prosthetic procedure of the test group was applied. The minimum follow‐up period lasted 2 years, with recall appointments at 2 weeks, 1, 3, 6 months, 1 year and every following year postoperatively, evaluating: MPI, MBI, PD, Periotest® and radiographic peri‐implant bone resorption. Success criteria according to Albrektsson et al. were used. Only one implant out of the 40 of group 2 failed, whereas none failed in group 1. No statistical difference of the clinical parameters evaluated was noticed in the two groups. Therefore, immediate loading of implants, if connected with a U‐shaped bar, can provide the same results of the ‘traditional’ technique as far as osseointegration and short‐term survival rates of implants are concerned. Moreover, this method significantly shortens the treatment period, thus increasing patient satisfaction.
Characterization of bone resorbing activity in gingival crevicular fluid from patients with periodontitis
Authors: Rasmussen Lena , Hänström Lennart , Lerner Ulf H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: In attempts to elucidate factors stimulating bone resorption in patients with different inflammatory diseases in the vicinity of the skeleton, e.g., peridontal disease and rheumatoid arthritis, we are investigating the presence of bone‐resorbing activity in a variety of inflammatory exudates. The aim of the present study was to characterize the bone‐resorbing activity present in patients with periodontitis.Methods: Bone‐resorbing activity was assessed in gingival crevicular fluids (GCFs) collected from patients with periodontitis and from patients with no signs of gingivitis. Bone‐resorbing activity was evaluated by analyzing the capacity of GCFs to stimulate the release of minerals and the breakdown of bone matrix proteins in cultured neonatal mouse calvariae. The concentrations of IL‐1α, IL‐1β and PGE2 were determined with ELISA and RIA techniques, respectively.Results: GCF eluates from 24 different healthy sites caused a 1.23±0.05 fold stimulation of 45Ca release, whereas GCF eluates from 45 different diseased (periodontitis) sites caused a 2.46±0.10 fold stimulation. The effect on 45Ca release was time‐ and concentration‐dependent, inhibited by 3 different osteoclast inhibitors and associated with enhanced release of
3H from [3H]‐proline‐labelled bones. The activity in GCF causing enhanced 45Ca release was unaffected, or in some samples partially reduced, by ultrafiltration using a filter with a molecular weight cut‐off of 3000 Daltons. The bone‐resorbing activity was temperature sensitive (+90°C, 10 min). The concentrations of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the diluted GCF eluates, used in the bone resorption bioassay, were too low to be responsible for the release of 45Ca. Antisera specifically neutralizing human IL‐1α inhibited the stimulatory effect of GCF pooled from several diseased sites. The specific, recombinant human IL‐1 receptor antagonist completely inhibited the effect of pooled GCFs. GCFeluates from diseased sites contained human IL‐1α and IL‐1β at concentrations of 1838±294 pg/ml and 512±91 pg/ml, respectively.Conclusions: These data show that GCF contains activity(ies) stimulating osteoclastic bone resorption in vitro. The factor primarily responsible for this activity seems to be IL‐1α, but IL‐1α is not the sole activator of bone resorption in GCF.
Treatment of intrabony defects with resorbable materials, non‐resorbable materials and flap debridement
Authors: Zybutz Michael D. , Laurell Lars , Rapoport Darrin A. , Rutger Persson G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: Different types of barriers are used in guided tissue regenerative procedures.Aim:This prospective study compared resorbable citric acid ester softened polylactic acid membranes (RM) and non‐resorbable expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) barriers (NRM) in GTR treatment of intrabony defects.Methods: 29 subjects were randomly assigned to the RM group or NRM group. Each patient received one GTR procedure. An open flap debridement (FD) was performed at another site 2 weeks later to evaluate healing potential. Clinical treatment outcomes were finally evaluated 12 months after surgery for changes of pocket depth PD, probing attachment level PAL, and probing bone level PBL, and radiographically for bone change using standardised radiographs.Results: No differences in healing patters after surgery were found between patients in the 2 study groups as evaluated from the FD surgical procedures. NRM treated sites showed less signs of post‐surgical inflammation during the 1st 4 weeks of healing than did RM treated sites (p<0.05). GTR‐treated defects in the RM group, initially 7.0±2.2 mm deep, showed PD reduction of 3.3±2.2 mm, PAL gain of 2.4±1.8 mm, PBL gain of 2.4±3.7 mm (28%) and a radiographic bone fill of 2.3±2.4 mm. Defects treated with the NRM exhibited PD reduction of 3.1±2.1 mm, PAL gain of 2.4±0.8 mm, PBL gain of 2.2±1.7 mm (25%) and a radiographic bone fill of 3.3±2.2 mm. All improvements were statistically significant (p<0.01) but there was no difference between RM and NRM treatments for any of the efficacy variables. The results of this study indicated that there was no clinically significant difference in treatment outcomes following GTR treatment of intrabony defects with citric acid ester softened polylactic acid membranes as compared to ePTFE barriers. The overall mean inter‐proximal vertical bone defect fill at 12 months as assessed from intra‐oral radiographs was 44% of the original mean defect depth.Conclusions: Thus, no clinically significant difference in treatment outcomes was observed following GTR treatment of intrabony defects with citric acid ester softened polylactic acid membranes or ePTFE barriers.
Dental and periodontal status of Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Boutsi Elizabeth A. , Paikos Spyros , Dafni Urania G. , Moutsopoulos Haralampos M. , Skopouli Fotini N. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is one of the most common systemic autoimmune diseases in middle‐aged women. The present study had the aim to examine the dental and periodontal condition in patients with SS in comparison with disease controls and to evaluate the influence of reduced salivary flow in the periodontal tissues.Method: We examined 24 patients with primary or secondary SS in comparison with 27 patients who had another autoimmune disease but no signs or symptoms of SS, as well as with 29 subjects who had a subjective feeling of xerostomia or xerophthalmia without exhibing an underlying disease. The clinical evaluation included examination of the oral mucosa, determination of missing, decayed and filled teeth, fixed or removable prosthetic appliances, plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, probing attachment level, oral hygiene habits and frequency of dental visits. Statistical analysis was performed using the 2‐tailed Fisher exact and Kruskal‐Wallis tests.Results: No significant difference was found in the dental or periodontal condition of the 3 groups. The number of teeth, feelings and distal or mesial decay lesions correlated negatively with age, while the number of fixed prosthetic appliances correlated positively. The salivary flow was statistically lower in patients with SS and exhibited a negative correlation with the number of cervical decay lesions. It was also found that SS patients had better oral hygiene habits than subjects of the control groups.Conclusions: No significant difference could be detected concerning the dental and periodontal status of SS patients, compared with that of patients with other immune diseases as well as with that of controls who had subjective xerostomia.
Analysis of saliva for periodontal diagnosis
Authors: Kaufman Eliaz , Lamster Ira B. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: This review examines salivary constituents as potential diagnostic tests for periodontal disease. Saliva is a fluid that is readily available and contains locally‐produced microbial and host response mediators, as well as systemic (serum) markers that may prove to be an aid in the diagnosis of periodontal disease.Methods: A medline search was conducted and the relevant literature concerning the applications of saliva for periodontal diagnosis was reviewed.Results: Based on the literature, salivary markers that have been studied as potential diagnostic tests for periodontal disease include proteins of host origin (i.e., enzymes, immunoglobulins), phenotypic markers, host cells, hormones (cortisol), bacteria and bacterial products, ions and volatile compounds.Conclusions: A number of markers show promise as sensitive measures of disease and the effectiveness of therapy. At this time, host‐derived enzymes and other inflammatory mediators orginating from the gingival crevice appear to hold the greatest promise as salivary diagnostic tests for periodontal disease. Longer‐term longitudinal studies, however, are required to establish the relationship between specific markers and progression of periodontal disease. Furthermore, analysis of saliva may offer a cost‐effective approach to assessment of periodontal disease in large populations.
Effect of 3 dentifrices containing triclosan and various additives
Authors: Nogueira‐Filho G. R. , Toledo S. , Cury J. A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: The antiplaque and antigingivitis effect of 3 dentifrices was evaluated using the 21‐day partial‐mouth experimental model of gingivitis.Method: 25 volunteers took part in this cross‐over, double‐blind study, carried out in 4 phases of 21 days each. For each phase of the study, a toothshield of the IV quadrant was constructed for each volunteer. 2 antiplaque dentifrices from the market, one containing triclosan + pvm/ma and the other triclosan + Zn, were compared with an experimental formulation and its placebo. The experimental dentifrice contained triclosan + pvm/ma + Zn + PPi and the placebo (control) did not contain these substances. The subjects were stratified according to their whole‐mouth baseline plaque (PI), gingivitis (GI) and bleeding (BI) index scores, and then randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dentifrices. During each phase, while the volunteers brushed their teeth with one of the dentifrices, the IV quadrant was protected by the toothshield filled with the dentifrice used. After each phase, dental plaque, gingivitis and bleeding indices were determined.Results: The results showed that only the formulation containing triclosan + pvm/ma + Zn + PPi was able to reduce PI (28.8%), GI (35.9%) and BI (30.4%) in comparison with controls (p<0.05).Conclusions: The data suggest that a dentifrice containing the combination of triclosan + pvm/ma + Zn + PPi should be formulated for dental plaque control.
Factors influencing phenytoin‐induced gingival enlargement
Authors: Majola M. P. , McFadyen M. L. , Connolly C. , Nair Y. P. , Govender M. , Laher M. H. E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAim: To ascertain the prevalence and severity of phenytoin‐induced gingival enlargement (PIGE) as well as the relationship between PIGE and risk factors.Method: An outpatient population of patients on phenytoin treatment and attending the epilepsy clinic at Prince Mshiyeni Memorial Hospital (PMMH) in Durban, South Africa, was requested to participate. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on patients' demographics, social habits (e.g., drinking and smoking), dental and oral hygiene practices and medication history. Gingival enlargement, dental plaque and gingival bleeding was also measured to assess gingival health. Venous blood was collected for serum folate and phenytoin serum levels measurements. A regression analyses was then undertaken to ascertain the association between PIGE and the risk factors. Factors tested for correlation were serum phenytoin and folate levels, age, bacterial plaque, gingival inflammation, toothbrushing, smoking and alcohol consumption. The association between PIGE and the risk factors was assessed either individually, i.e., as a single entity or in combination – multifactorially.Results: Of the 134 patients studied, 62% had PIGE scores 1, while 8% had a PIGE score of zero. With the exception of plaque, which showed a moderate association with PIGE (r=0.4), no other factor on its own was statistically significantly related to PIGE. In the multiple linear regression analysis, factors which on their own did not have a strong influence became more important. Bacterial plaque (p=0.0001), younger age (p=0.01) and higher free serum phenytoin levels (p=0.03), were associated with PIGE. Although known to be associated with periodontal diseases, smoking and alchol, (p=0.03 and p=0.04 respectively), appeared to give some protection against PIGE.Conclusion: Risk factors associated with PIGE may have a synergistic effect. Bacterial plaque, however, appears the most important determinant of PIGE severity. This latter finding emphasises the importance of instituting a preventive plaque‐control programme, particularly in young patients on phenytoin therapy.
Masticatory mucosa in subjects with different periodontal phenotypes
Authors: Müller Hans‐Peter , Heinecke Achim , Schaller Nils , Eger Thomas 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAims: The aim of the present investigation was to study thickness of masticatory mucosa and gingival width in subjects with different periodontal phenotypes.Methods: Periodontal phenotypes were defined with the aid of cluster analysis of standardised parameters including mean gingival thickness and width as well as ratio of crown width to its length at maxillary canines, lateral and central incisors of 40 young adults with healthy periodontal conditions.Results: 3 groupings could be observed. Clusters A1 and A2 comprised 75% of all subjects. They were characterised by thin gingiva and a slender tooth form. Clusters A1 and A2 were differentiated by gingival width. Cluster B comprised 11 subjects with relatively thick and wide gingiva and a quadratic tooth shape. In general, characteristics of the frontal sextant in the maxilla were also found in other parts of the dentition. Thus, mean thickness of masticatory mucosa as well as gingival width and crown form differed significantly among clusters. In addition, cluster B subjects had a significantly greater mean periodontal probing depth. Multiple linear regression analysis was employed to identify significant factors influencing palatal mucosal thickness. Women had considerably thinner palatal mucosa than men. Furthermore, cluster affiliation had a significant influence on thickness of palatal mucosa. Thickest tissue was found in the premolar region, whereas the mucosa over the root prominence of the first molar represented an anatomical barrier for graft harvesting.Conclusions: Thickness of masticatory mucosa strongly depends on gender and the periodontal phenotype.