bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cupid and Psyche in France, 1650–1815
Authors: Harrison Stephen , May Regine 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A number of foundational figures in French seventeenth-century literature adapted the story in the context of the court of Louis XIV. La Fontaine’s two-book prosimetric fiction Les Amours de Psyché et de Cupidon appeared in 1669 and proved a crucial lever, stimulating not only the tragedy/ballet Psyché of 1671 (by Molière and others, made into an opera by Lully in 1678 and given an English version in 1675 by Thomas Shadwell and Matthew Locke, one of the earliest English operas) but also the important series of eighteenth-century French works on the story of Beauty and the Beast (‘La Belle et la Bête’), both the original tale by Mme de Villeneuve of 1740 and the better-known shorter version by Mme de Beaumont of 1757. Here we find a fascinatingly gendered interpretation of the story: the prominence here of female receivers of one of the few classical stories in which a woman is a successful protagonist is particularly notable.
Cupid and Psyche in Germany, 1750–1850
Authors: Harrison Stephen , May Regine 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Cupid and Psyche, made accessible to Germans by Rode’s translation of 1789, was received as a fairy tale (the Brothers Grimm), while its presumed ‘Greek’ origin was studied by Classicists (Herder, Moritz). Both poetry and prose treatments combined the heroine’s romantic characteristics with Platonist views in a fairy-tale veneer. Romantic epics focus on Psyche’s sensitive experience; Anacreontics (Gleim, Jacobi) idealized Psyche as their poetic muse and idealized beloved. Psyche becomes the incarnation of the ‘beautiful soul’ (Goethe). The tale of Cupid and Psyche particularly influences the content, structure, and form of the newly developing genre of the novel (Wieland, Goethe, Brentano, von Arnims, Brunnow). Dramatic adaptations range from comic singspiele to tragic reimaginations (Wagner picks up several Cupid and Psyche motifs). Psyche’s flexibility as a symbol and plot element often led to a doubling of characters, which covers all aspects, death and immortality, poetic inspiration and maiden-like innocence, scholarly learnedness and female-oriented writing and readership.
Cupid and Psyche in English Romanticism and After
Authors: Harrison Stephen , May Regine 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In England, lyric poetry and particularly the novel employed C&P. Educated male Romantics focused on the story’s Greekness and Neoplatonism (Coleridge, Hogg, Blake) and made Psyche their universal immortal Soul (Peacock, Keats, Shelley), enabled by popular translations (Taylor, Gurney). Female writers used Psyche to explore their own lived experiences and social standing, through flawed yet loving Psyche as an easily adaptable paradigm (Tighe). Translations and art representing C&P became more accessible, and poets (Hemans, L.E.L., Mary Shelley, EBB) focused on single emotionally powerful episodes to illustrate images with accompanying poems. Mary Shelley reflects her own life experiences of childbirth and widowhood through poems on Psyche. Novel writers see the plot as generic markers (Gothic novels, Charlotte Turner Smith, EBB) and inspiration for some plot elements, often echoing Apuleius by placing an illustrative image of or allusion to C&P as a mise en abyme into their novel to comment on their plot.
Conceptions of Gods in the Ṛgvedic Religion
Authors: Oberlies Thomas 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The Vedic religion is a classic example of polytheism. Multiple gods, conceived of as persons, are seen as having agency that is employed in reference to each other, is directed at the ‘world’, and affects mortals. Constitutive elements of this religion include (a) conceptions of gods and the groupings and pantheon that are based on these concepts, (b) the cult, rituals, and rites, and (c) myths. Conceptions of gods are a basic form of sociomorphic interpretation of the world that refers to social relationships among people as the model for interpretation of non-social circumstances. Thus these gods make those social relationships perceptible that are the foundation of the entire cult. The gods are defined by their names, epithets, ʻhonoursʼ, and their functions and areas of responsibility. Their pantheon is structured by relationships, ‘age’, division of labour and cooperation, and even competition and conflict, and the character of this system in turn gives the deities their fundamental contours.
Towards a Flexible Reading of Non-Retroactivity
Authors: Grosescu Raluca 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses how domestic courts from Latin America and Central Eastern Europe applied a nuanced and flexible reading of the principle of non-retroactivity of law. Such an approach opened new possibilities for prosecutions when amnesties and statutory limitations blocked investigations into the crimes of the military and the communist dictatorships. Based on case studies from Estonia, Romania, Argentina, and Paraguay, this chapter highlights how justice activists and national judiciaries negotiated the tension between the duty to prosecute gross human rights violations and the duty to respect the principle of legality. Pro-accountability actors creatively used international customary law and recovered the 1968 UN Convention on the Non-Applicability of Statutory Limitations for War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity to legitimize the retrospective prosecution of major international crimes—until recently, a marginal UN instrument that was rejected by most Western countries. These strategies were instrumental in ending impunity, as well as creating a legal and historical narrative that acknowledged that the military and the communist crimes committed during the Cold War were crimes against humanity. The European Court of Human Rights and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights endorsed these legal tactics and historical accounts, which have subsequently become dominant across Europe and the Americas.
Resisting the Duty to Prosecute
Authors: Grosescu Raluca 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the reluctance of Brazilian and Bulgarian national judiciaries to prosecute gross human rights violations committed by the military and the communist dictatorships during the Cold War. In both countries, the lack of political will to reverse impunity and the existence of a dominant legal education nearly impermeable to new trends in international criminal law (ICL) led to incremental impunity. In Bulgaria, the application of the 1968 UN Convention on the Non-Applicability of Statutory Limitations to War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity to communist crimes was declared unconstitutional in 2016—even though Bulgaria had ratified this instrument in 1969. In Brazil, the 1979 Amnesty Law is still in force despite various rulings by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights that called upon the Brazilian government and judiciary to void it and conduct investigations into the crimes of the military regime. Through these two case studies, the chapter illustrates another facet of the fragmentation of ICL: the rejection of the duty to prosecute, an emergent principle that has gained global momentum in the first decade of the twenty-first century.
Psychosocial Occupational Health
Authors: Siegrist Johannes , Li Jian 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Work and employment are central to people’s lives, health, and well-being. Through participation in the labour market, income and related life chances are improved, social protection and security are strengthened, and important psychological and social needs are met, such as striving for skill development, autonomy, social recognition, and social belonging. Yet, globally, only a minority of working people experience these favourable conditions. With the advent of economic globalization and ground-breaking technological innovations, new occupational health risks have emerged, such as stressful high psycho-mental work pressures, increased job insecurity and flexibility, and widely prevalent social tensions and conflicts. These risks are aggravated by two global challenges, the COVID-19 pandemic and climate change. How can professionals who are committed to occupational health cope with these challenges? This book provides a comprehensive review of scientific evidence dealing with the changes and challenges of modern work and its impact on health, spanning occupational medicine, social and behavioural sciences, and biomedical research. The opening chapters cover the conceptual and historical background of the field, followed by a section on the theoretical and methodological bases of knowledge. The next part looks at empirical evidence on psychosocial work-related health effects derived from epidemiologic investigations and studies, with a focus on cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and mental disorders. The fourth part addresses the effects of disease and disability on work and employment opportunities and related coping efforts. Finally, options of prevention and health promotion at the level of organization and of national labour and social policies are discussed.
Theoretical concepts of psychosocial work
Authors: Siegrist Johannes , Li Jian 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter lays the conceptual ground for subsequent parts of the book. It starts by introducing some basic notions of scientific analysis and by explaining the role of theory in this process. Subsequently, four main theoretical models of psychosocial work environments with relevance to health are introduced: the demand-control, effort-reward imbalance, organizational justice, and job demands-resources models. Their selection is based on the scope of empirical investigations within prospective study designs, their inclusion of clinical data, and their evidence on psychobiological pathways linking work exposures with disease risk. As these models represent current research developments, a further section of the chapter addresses the most recent challenges of the world of work and new scientific attempts towards their analysis. By introducing definitions of core concepts of stress research, a major part of the chapter explains the dynamics of psychobiological stress responses. To this end, we briefly describe the role of the brain’s limbic structures, with their activation of stress axes, endocrine, cardiovascular, immune- and inflammation-related responses, and the long-term effects of sustained autonomic nervous system activation. Finally, the role of working people’s efforts of coping with demands and threats at work is emphasized. A direct problem-oriented strategy of coping with options of success is distinguished from an indirect, more problematic strategy, where people tend to reduce their emotional strain by the consumption of stress-relieving substances.
Prevention and health promotion at work
Authors: Siegrist Johannes , Li Jian 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Transfer of research findings into practice is a key task of applied science. After an extensive review of empirical evidence on associations of adverse working conditions with reduced health (Chapters 6 and 7), this chapter discusses ways of transferring this knowledge into practice at the level of companies/enterprises. As a useful starting point, risk assessment among the staff of organizations serves to develop a worksite health promotion programme that can be applied to the entire staff (primary prevention), selected at-risk groups (secondary prevention), or employees with a chronic disease or disability (tertiary prevention). Regulatory and voluntary approaches support the implementation of planned activities. These interventions address individual workers (behaviour modification), working teams with their leaders (collaboration, participation), or structural aspects of work environments (organization-level approach). The second part of the chapter demonstrates health effects resulting from these interventions, as documented by systematic and narrative reviews of research literature. Some concepts seem to produce particularly beneficial effects on health and well-being (e.g. cognitive behavioural intervention; positive leadership styles, enhanced employee participation, flexible work schedules, multi-component interventions at the organizational level). While the evidence base of intervention studies on health-promoting psychosocial work environments has been advanced more recently, economic benefits remain less well evaluated so far.
Consenting, Assenting and Promising
Authors: Goodin Robert E. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter compares and contrasts two normative powers, consenting and promising, each being a special case of ‘assenting’. The most fundamental difference is that consenting involves waiving a right, whereas promising involves incurring a duty. Both are future-oriented: just as you cannot promise to do something in the past, neither can you meaningfully give consent (i.e. permission) for something that has already been done. Both can be conditional, but neither can be merely hypothetical. Whereas consenting is self-executory, however, promising is not: something further needs to be done to execute a promise. Promises cannot be unilaterally revoked, whereas consent sometimes can be. The two also differ in the remedies for their breach. Both must be communicated, according to rule-governed, institutionally structured practices (typically but not exclusively certain forms of words). Both invite reliance.
Evoking and Invoking Consent
Authors: Goodin Robert E. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Evoking consent involves calling it into being in the first place. Invoking consent involves appealing to already-existing consent to justify one’s actions. Asking for consent can itself be morally problematic (inappropriate, even coercive). In the limiting case, you may need something like consent to ask for consent. Invoking consent can be done vis-à-vis either the principal who gave it (‘don’t you remember, you agreed that…’) or a third party (‘she agreed to let me…’). It would be wrong to assimilate the latter to a claim to have been ‘authorized’, however: the other’s consent has merely given you permission (i.e. waived the other’s rights to object), it has not made you literally the ‘agent’ of the other in this matter (as literal ‘authorization’ would do). Finally, there are some circumstances in which even if you have someone’s consent you ought not invoke it.
Consent of the Mute
Authors: Goodin Robert E. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses upon the permissibility of inferring consent from people who have previously refused it, taking as its running example that of prisoners engaged in collective hunger strikes. Assisted feeding of patients who refuse to consent to it is standardly regarded as a serious violation of medical ethics. But in the case of collective hunger strikes, strong peer pressure provides a way of ‘explaining away’ a patient’s refusal to give explicit consent and justifies reliance on more indirect but nonetheless clear ways (such as ‘silence on notice’) by which their consent might be indicated. Should hunger strikers become comatose, those same considerations also justify discounting any ‘advance directives’ that they have given in favour of doctors doing what is in the patient’s best interests.
Here, There, and Everywhere
Authors: Banerjee Mouli 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides a ‘state-of-the-field’ critical overview of the role of political parties in democratic transitions, especially in nation states of the Global South. With specific references to case studies from Ethiopia, Malaysia, Maldives, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and the Gambia, the chapter maps the patterns that emerge in the interactions between party politics and fluxes in regimes within nation states. It conceptualises the role of political parties in democratic strengthening or backslides along two broad thematic parameters—first, in relation to the historical, legal, and institutional contexts within with parties exist; and second, in relation to the dynamic roles parties play as agents. The chapter focuses on parties as individual units instead of party systems and touches upon questions of party constitutionalisation, party bans, party finance, party institutionalisation, and the linkages between political parties and business elites, autocratic or military regimes, populist leaders, and dynastic politics. It also sheds light on the previous lives of parties as grassroots or social organisations and locates post-colonial parties in their historical context. By doing so, the chapter understands parties as heterogenous, constantly shifting, dynamic entities, and provides the thematic rubrics against which the place of parties in democratisation processes in the selected case studies in this volume, as well as in other states in transition globally, can be better understood.
Civil–Military Relations
Authors: Wijesinha Shanil , Alphonsus Daniel 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
What have constitutions got to do with civil–military relations? How does security-sector reform intersect with democratic consolidation and constitutional endurance, especially at moments of democratic transition? These are the primary questions that this chapter seeks to answer. Drawing from literature on militarisation, it examines how constitutional features regulate and influence civil–military relations, that is, the balance of power between civilian authorities and the security sector. This includes analysis of the executive powers of the head of state, the role and powers of the commander-in-chief, the role of the military, and the ‘military imprint’. It also reflects on the limitations of constitutions and constitutional reform as tools to balance civil–military relations and how contextual factors and the balance of power foreground any such effort. Finally, it considers strategies on how to recalibrate imbalanced civil–military relations.
Sri Lanka’s Chronic Inability to Sustain Democratic Reform
Authors: Ganeshathasan Luwie 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the failures of Sri Lanka’s 2015–2018 constitutional reform process. The chapter starts with a brief explanation of the country context in Sri Lanka and then discusses Sri Lanka’s constitutional evolution since its independence. This includes a brief discussion on Sri Lanka’s fraught ethnic relations, majoritarian politics, and secessionist claims. The chapter also discusses the political change that occurred in January 2015 with the election of President Maithripala Sirisena, paying special attention to the Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution, which was enacted during this period and the larger constitutional reform process, including a discussion on the manner in which the political opposition to these reforms manifested itself both within and outside the government. This chapter also provides a brief comment on Sri Lanka’s response to COVID-19 and the pandemic’s impact on constitutional governance. The final section of this chapter reflects on the reasons for the failure of the 2015–2018 reform effort, discussing the failures both in terms of process and substance that allowed the momentum and public support for curtailing the powers of the executive president to be completely squandered and provided ammunition for a counter-narrative as to why a stronger executive president was, in fact, needed.
“Gun Shoot at Bay Point”
Authors: Fields-Black Edda L. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter talks about US Navy Captain Samuel Francis Du Pont, who commanded a joint Union Army-Navy expedition to capture Port Royal Sound and caught the Confederate forces unawares. It describes Port Royal Sound, which is formed by the Broad and Beaufort Rivers and its entrance marks the farthest points of Hilton Head and Bay Point. It also mentions the USS Wabash that guided the fleet mid-channel and fired broadside cannons at Confederate Bay Point battery, opening the mouth of Port Royal Sound. The chapter details how several Confederate steamers, commanded by Commodore Josiah Tattnall, opened fire on US gunboats, namely Ottawa, Seneca, Pembina, and Penguin. It recounts how US gunboats Pocahontas, which towed in a transport steamer, and Mercury that played decisive roles in ending the drama at Bay Point.
Broken Promises
Authors: Fields-Black Edda L. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter describes the crooning of the African-American boatmen who navigated through the narrow passages to Beaufort that attracted the attention of many, including London Times correspondent William H. Russell. It recounts Harriet Tubman’s arrival at Beaufort and how she was taken back by the desolate, melancholy state of the Lowcountry’s third-largest city. It also details Tubman’s work at the Contraband Hospital that was located right in the center of town where Beaufort’s parallel streets and perpendicular avenues intersected. The chapter talks about the occupation of Wartime Beaufort, noting the fortifications and checkpoints that prevented traffic from moving freely and the town curfew under a nine o’clock for both black and white people. It highlights the influence of the Port Royal Experiment in the rural areas.
“A Pleasure Excursion”
Authors: Fields-Black Edda L. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter describes local planters or volunteer aides-de-camp that provided material assistance to Confederate Army units and to their commanding generals. It mentions Alexander Robert Chisolm, the owner of Chisolm Plantation on Coosaw Island, who brought men he held in bondage to Charleston to work on building fortifications at Morris Island. It also recounts Isaac Hayward, his mother, Sibby, brothers Adam, Joe, Kit, and Oliver, and sister Mathilda, which were among the 208 enslaved people listed in Sarah Constance Chisolm’s 1855 settlement for her marriage to Major Edward North Thurston. The chapter discusses the Charleston Light Dragoons, which displayed their skills in musters and acted as slave patrols to protect the state’s white residents from insurrections or at least diminish their fears of them. It details the Union Army’s shift in focus to the siege of Charleston that left freedom seekers on Hutchinson Island and other remote outposts vulnerable.
Charleston Siege
Authors: Fields-Black Edda L. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter details Harriet Tubman’s work at the quarters of Brigadier-General Alfred H. Terry, commander of the Seventh Regiment of Connecticut Volunteer Infantry, and of Morris and Folly Islands. It talks about how the US Army commanders saw Tubman as an indispensable spy and scout, implying that either General Terry or General Quincey A. Gilmore had sent Harriet Tubman to Folly Island to gather information about the location of the torpedoes. It also highlights the Battle of Olustee, which was part of the largest Civil War campaign in Florida and one of the deadliest for Black troops. The chapter recounts how the Seventh New Hampshire and Eighth US Colored Troops came through the Seventh Connecticut’s middle and chose to die fighting the enslavers rather than to fall into the Confederacy’s hands and be re-enslaved or killed. It describes how the Seventh New Hampshire’s disorderly retreat left the Eighth USCT without cover against enemy fire.