bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3‐D simulation and visualization of laminar flow in a microchannel with hair‐pin curves
Authors: Yamaguchi Y. , Takagi F. , Yamashita K. , Nakamura H. , Maeda H. , Sotowa K. , Kusakabe K. , Yamasaki Y. , Morooka S. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to investigate fluidic behavior in a microchannel with hair‐pin curves, using a three‐dimensional (3‐D) computational fluid dynamics simulation, and to observe the 3‐D flow pattern, to validate the simulation. The microchannel used was fabricated on a PMMA plate using a flat‐end mill. The channel width and depth were 210 and 205 μm, respectively, and the radius of each hair‐pin curve was 500 μm. Two liquids; purified water and an aqueous solution of 50 μmol/L fluorescein, were introduced into the microchannel through different inlets and were merged, forming a side‐by‐side parallel flow in the straight channel. When the average velocity was 25 mm/s, the liquid was thrust outward by centrifugal force and, as a result, the vertical line that crossed the central axis was distorted after passing the first hair‐pin curve. At the second hair‐pin curve, the centrifugal force was exerted in the opposite direction, and the distorted line returned nearly to an initial vertical line. When the average velocity was 125 mm/s, however, the vertical line, which was distorted at the first hair‐pin curve, did not recover to the initial vertical line after the second curve. The interface between the two liquids was permanently waved. The simulation was in good agreement with the experimental data. The results suggest that the diffusion rate through the interface of two liquids in microchannels with hair‐pin curves can increase, compared to that in straight microchannels. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 1530–1535, 2004
Atypical findings in Kabuki syndrome: Report of 8 patients in a series of 20 and review of the literature
Authors: Geneviève D. , Amiel J. , Viot G. , Le Merrer M. , Sanlaville D. , Urtizberea A. , Gérard M. , Munnich A. , Cormier‐Daire V. , Lyonnet Stanislas 
Published: June 2004

AbstractKabuki syndrome (KS) is a rare multiple congenital anomaly/mental retardation syndrome with an estimated frequency of 1/32,000 in Japan. Five major criteria delineate KS namely postnatal short stature, skeletal anomalies, moderate mental retardation, dermatoglyphic anomalies, and a characteristic facial dysmorphism. Here we report on a series of 20 sporadic KS patients and we focus on some rare and atypical features that we have observed: chronic and/or severe diarrhea (4/20) including celiac disease, diaphragmatic defects (3/20), pseudarthrosis of the clavicles (2/20), vitiligo (2/20), and persistent hypoglycemia (2/20). Other occasional findings were severe autoimmune thrombopenia, cerebellar vermis atrophy, and myopathic features. Interestingly, one of our KS patients presented with a clinical overlap with CHARGE syndrome (right eye microphtalmia with optic nerve coloboma, VSD, bilateral cryptorchidism, and severe deafness). Because these features are more frequent in our series than previously described, we propose to carefully investigate these manifestations during KS patient survey in an attempt to determine their real frequency and in order to improve clinical management. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endocrine abnormalities in patients with Jacobsen (11q−) syndrome
Authors: Haghi Marjan , Dewan Asheesh , Jones Kenneth Lee , Reitz Richard , Jones Christopher , Grossfeld Paul 
Published: June 2004

AbstractJacobsen syndrome (JS), a rare disorder with multiple dysmorphic features, is caused by the terminal deletion of chromosome 11q. Short stature has been reported in this syndrome, however very few of these patients have undergone endocrine evaluation. Serum insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) levels are an indirect indicator of growth hormone activity and are a useful initial screening tool in the assessment of an individual's growth hormone axis. We studied nine children with JS, eight of whom had short stature. Four out of eight children with short stature (50%) had low IGF‐1 values, with three low for age and one low for Tanner stage. Four out of six males (67%) had cryptorchidism, a potential sign of hypogonadism. We conclude that low IGF‐1 is common in patients with JS and short stature, and that growth hormone status and possibly hypothalamic‐pituitary function should be evaluated in this patient population. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Encapsulation and controlled release in polyacrylamide hydrogels
Authors: Joseph Mary , Mathew Tessymol , Devipriya S. , Kuriakose Sunny 
Published: June 2004

AbstractA novel host–guest system was developed by the encapsulation of simple organic guest molecules in the hydrophilic molecular architecture of crosslinked polyacrylamide hydrogels. The crosslinking agents used for the preparation of the host systems were hexanediol dimethacrylate (HDDMA) and divinyl benzene (DVB). This enabled us to construct hydrogels with different hydrophobic–hydrophilic equilibria. The model guest system used for the studies was benzoic acid. The selections gave simple but excellent host–guest systems with fine polar–apolar balancing. Polyacrylamide hydrogels with encapsulated benzoic acid were prepared with varying crosslink densities (5, 10, 15, and 20 mol %) by the solution polymerization technique. The rate of release of the host from the host–guest assembly was studied in different swelling conditions. The rate of release depended on the interaction forces between the polymer and the solvents. Polar forces, dispersion forces, and hydrogen bonding all played a vital role. The swelling behavior of the host‐polymer system and the host–guest assembly was analyzed and compared by the Flory–Rehner method. The amount of benzoic acid encapsulated in the DVB‐crosslinked polymer was higher than in the HDDMA‐crosslinked polymer, and the rate of release was in the order 5 > 15 > 10 > 20% for the DVB‐crosslinked polymer. The rate of release for the HDDMA‐crosslinked host–guest assembly was in the order 10 > 5 > 15 > 20%. These results were in excellent agreement with those of the Flory–Rehner analysis of the swelling properties. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 1816–1824, 2004
Development of new eco‐friendly options for cotton wet processing
Authors: Ibrahim Nabil A. , El‐Hossamy Mamdouh , Morsy Mahmoud S. , Eid Basma M. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractA new approach was used to search for the optimal conditions for enzymatic scouring with an alkaline pectinase and to investigate the feasibility of performed combined bioscouring and H2O2 bleaching and combined bioscouring and reactive dyeing of unscoured cotton fabrics. The possibility of conducting enzymatic desizing, bioscouring, and H2O2 bleaching of starch‐sized cotton fabrics in a single bath was also examined. The results indicated that changes in the parameters of the bioscouring process, the types and concentrations of the treating bath components, and the sequence of the treatment and addition had pronounced effects on certain properties of the treated cotton substrates (e.g., the residual size, weight loss, wettability, yellowness and whiteness, and dyeability with reactive dyes). The optimal conditions for efficient bioscouring alone and in combination with H2O2 bleaching, reactive dyeing, and enzymatic desizing and H2O2 bleaching were determined. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 1825–1836, 2004
Potential and limits of dynamic mechanical analysis as a tool for fracture resistance evaluation of isotactic polypropylenes and their polyolefin blends
Authors: Grein C. , Bernreitner K. , Gahleitner M. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractPotential and limits of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) as a tool for fracture resistance evaluation of isotactic polypropylenes and their polyolefin blends are presented. A minimum of information about the materials under investigation is a prerequisite to interpret the DMA traces in a right way. Although DMA is, in general, a powerful method to rank materials in term of toughness, care should be taken with (1) nucleated materials (where both intensity and strength of molecular relaxations need to be taken into account in material evaluation) and with (2) visbroken (i.e., peroxyde treated) grades. Except for these cases, the strengths of the principal or secondary molecular relaxation evaluated by DMA and the Charpy impact toughness correlate quantitatively when all the grades of a series exhibit unstable crack propagation. When changes in the macroscopic mode of fracture or in blend morphology occur, only qualitative correlations remain possible. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 1854–1867, 2004
Synthesis and characterization of polyimides containing pyridine moiety
Authors: Hariharan R. , Bhuvana S. , Malbi M. Anitha , Sarojadevi M. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractA series of new polyimides was prepared by reacting 2,6‐diaminopyridine with various aromatic dianhydrides in DMF in 1 : 1 mole ratio. All the resulting polyimides were readily soluble in organic solvents such as dimethylformamide, N,N‐dimethylacetamide, pyridine, m‐cresol, THF, etc. They also show good film‐forming ability. The polyimides exhibit good thermal stability and mechanical properties. The polymers have high Tg in the range of 252–296°C. The inherent viscosities of the polymers vary from 0.81 to 1.28 dL/g. A new class of bismaleimide and polyaspartimide as also synthesized. All the resulting polymer structures were characterized by FTIR and elemental analysis. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 1846–1853, 2004
The effect of alkyd resins on the properties of AA‐NC semi‐IPNs as binders in wood finish
Authors: Lu Kun‐Tsung , Liu Cheng‐Tzu , Lin Shih‐Mien 
Published: June 2004

AbstractWood coatings of AA‐NC semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks (semi‐IPNs), made from acid curing amino‐alkyd resins (AA) and nitrocellulose (NC), were prepared by sequential polymerization method. To investigate the effects of oil length on the properties of AA‐NC semi‐IPNs, three grades of alkyd resins (Alkyd) containing 38, 48, and 58% oil were synthesized with phthalic anhydride, glycerol, and soybean oil, employing alcoholysis method. The butylated urea formaldehyde resin (UF) and melamine formaldehyde resin (MF) were also prepared in this study. The AA‐NC semi‐IPNs were maintained at a weight ratio of AA : NC of 25 : 75, where the AA was the composition of MF : UF : Alkyd of 7.5 : 22.5 : 70 (by weight), and 10% of p‐toluene sulfonic acid solution (concentration, 25% in isopropyl alcohol) based on the weight of amino resins was added as acid catalyst. The properties of coatings such as viscosity, drying time, and gel time, and the properties of films including adhesion, hardness, abrasion resistance, impact resistance, tensile strength, released formaldehyde, lightfastness, solvent resistance, and durability were examined. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 1923–1927, 2004
Numerical simulation of controlled nifedipine release from chitosan microgels
Authors: Li Hua , Yan Guoping , Wu Shunnian , Wang Zijie , Lam K. Y. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe numerical simulating investigation of drug delivery can provide deeper insight into drug release mechanisms and elucidate efficiently the influences of various physical parameters. Controlled nifedipine release from nonswellable chitosan sphere‐based microgels is investigated numerically with a mathematical model in this article. The mathematical model takes into account both drug dissolution and drug diffusion through the continuous matrices of the spherical microgels. Meshless Hermite‐cloud method is employed to solve the formulated partial differential equations. It is seen that the model well describes the nifedipine release process from the spherical chitosan microgels. The effect of several important physical parameters on drug release is evaluated, which include microsphere radius, equivalent drug saturation concentration, drug diffusion coefficient, and drug dissolution rate constant. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 1928–1937, 2004
Influence of formulation variables and manufacturing process on propranolol extended release profile from HPMC matrices tablets
Authors: Huang Yaw‐Bin , Tsai Yi‐Hung , Yang Wan‐Chiech , Chang Jui‐Sheng , Wu Pao‐Chu 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe influences of some formulation variables and manufacturing processes of the release rates of propranolol from gelation of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) matrices tablets were investigated. The amount of propranolol was determined by UV–Vis spectroscopy at 290 nm. The effects of extended release of matrices tablets were evaluated by the in vitro dissolution test and were compared to the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) monograph specifications. The results showed that the lowest viscosity grade of HPMC (Metolose 4000) used gave the least burst effect in the earlier stage. The drug/Metolose ratio was an important influence on the drug release; increasing the polymer content decreased the dissolution rate of the drug. The release rate was increased with increase in the tablet content of avicel. The release curve of experimental formulation with 17% avicel was optimal compared with the USP monograph specification; there was no burst effect in the earlier stage (the release percent at 1.5 h was 26.6%) and almost total drug was released from matrices tablet after 24 h (97.4%). The other factors such as lubricant level (0.5 to 2.0%), compaction pressure (100 to 200 kPa), brand of HPMC (HPMC 4000 from Shin Etsu or Methocel K4MP from Dow Chemical Co.), and manufacturing process (tabletted from wet‐massed granules or by direct compression) appeared not to modify release rates. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 1886–1890, 2004
Sensitivity of surface free energy analysis methods to the contact angle changes attributed to the thickness effect in thin films
Authors: Abbasian A. , Ghaffarian S. R. , Mohammadi N. , Fallahi D. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe surface tension of thin, uncured epoxy films spun‐cast onto oxidized silica wafers was analyzed as a function of their thickness in the range of 5 to 75 nm. Based on contact angle measurements with polar and apolar liquids, the surface free energies of various films were analyzed and compared using Lifshitz–van der Walls/acid–base (LW/AB), harmonic mean (of Wu), geometric mean, and Zisman approaches. Results of harmonic mean and Zisman surface tension analyses, in spite of significant changes in contact angle attributed to changes in thickness, did not show significant changes. However, geometric mean and LW/AB methods did reveal limited changes in free energy of epoxy surface attributed to variations in thickness. The surface tension components showed a similar trend to that of contact angle changes. It seems that it is better to use surface free energy analysis methods, which use several liquids with different polarities, to reveal the accumulative effect of different group free energy densities on total surface free energy. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 1972–1980, 2004
Shared knowledge and subgroup influence during decision‐making discussions
Authors: Larson James R. , Sargis Edward G. , Bauman Christopher W. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractIt was predicted that preference factions within decision‐making groups would have greater influence to the extent that faction‐member preferences are based on a common pool of decision‐relevant information. Such factions are said to exhibit high informational commonality (IC). Four‐person groups decided how much money to invest in each of two pharmaceutical companies developing new cholesterol‐lowering drugs. Prior to discussion, information about these companies and drugs was distributed among members such that two would initially prefer investing in one company and two would initially prefer investing in the other company. Further, whereas half of the information held by members of one preference faction was held in common between them (high IC), almost none of the information held by those in the other faction was held in common between them (low IC). It was found that groups invested more money in a given company when that company was initially preferred by their high‐IC faction. Additionally, high‐IC factions exerted greater influence on members' private allocation preferences. These effects appear to have been due to the ability of members in the high‐IC factions to work together in a more coordinated manner to argue their position. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Separating the wheat from the chaff: does discriminating between diagnostic and nondiagnostic information eliminate the dilution effect?
Authors: Kemmelmeier Markus 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe dilution effect refers to the finding that judgments are often unduly influenced by nondiagnostic information, producing regressive judgment. Because the dilution effect is a problem in various domains, strategies to control the impact of nondiagnostic information were explored by drawing on a perceptual and a conversational account of the dilution effect. Three experiments (n = 259) demonstrate that explicit instructions to discriminate between diagnostic and nondiagnostic information did not reduce the dilution effect. Rather, consistent with a perceptual explanation but not consistent with a conversational explanation, the dilution effect disappeared only when participants engage in perceptual control, that is, when they actively remove nondiagnostic pieces of information before making a judgment. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural and Dynamic Studies of Zinc, Gallium, and Cadmium Complexes of a Dicarboxylate Pendant‐Armed Cross‐Bridged Cyclen
Authors: Niu Weijun , Wong Edward H. , Weisman Gary R. , Peng Yijie , Anderson Carolyn J. , Zakharov Lev N. , Golen James A. , Rheingold Arnold L. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractZnII, GaIII, and CdII complexes of a dicarboxylate pendant‐armed derivative of an important new cross‐bridged cyclen ligand were prepared and characterized spectrally. Crystal structures of the ZnII and GaIII complexes both feature pseudo‐octahedral metal centers, fully enveloped by the ligand’s cis‐N4O2 donor set with the zinc coordination sphere less distorted. All Ga−N and Ga−O bonds are significantly shorter than the corresponding values in the zinc structure. Solution NMR spectral studies revealed dynamic enantiomerization for the ZnII complex with ΔG≠ = 12.3(1) kcal/mol (24 °C). By contrast, the GaIII complex gave only slow‐exchange limit spectra up to the highest temperature measured [87(2) °C; ΔG≠ > 21.1(2) kcal/mol]. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Effect of XPD/ERCC2 polymorphisms on chromosome aberration frequencies in smokers and on sensitivity to the mutagenic tobacco‐specific nitrosamine NNK
Authors: Affatato Alessandra A. , Wolfe Kevin J. , Lopez Mirtha S. , Hallberg Csilla , Ammenheuser Marinel M. , Abdel‐Rahman Sherif Z. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractPolymorphisms in DNA‐repair genes could contribute to the interindividual differences in cancer susceptibility in smokers. By reducing DNA‐repair capacity, these polymorphisms may influence the net level of smoking‐induced genetic damage significantly, a critical step in the cascade of events leading to cancer. In this biomonitoring study, we examined the relationship between polymorphisms in the DNA‐repair gene XPD/ERCC2 and genetic damage. We tested the hypothesis that coding polymorphisms in XPD/ERCC2 limit DNA‐repair efficiency in humans leading to increased frequencies of chromosome aberration (CA) in their lymphocytes. We also used the mutagen‐sensitivity assay, with the tobacco‐specific nitrosamine NNK as a model mutagen, to determine whether lymphocytes from individuals with the variant XPD alleles are more sensitive to this tobacco‐specific carcinogen. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) as estimates of relative risk of increased frequencies of CA associated with two XPD polymorphisms (Asp312Asn in exon 10 and Lys751Gln in exon 23). We observed a 2.57‐fold (95% confidence limit [CL] = 0.88–7.50; P = 0.10) increase in risk of elevated in vivo frequencies of CA associated with the variant 312Asn allele in the total population. The relative risk was more pronounced in smokers (OR = 4.67; 95% CL = 1.04–20.90; P = 0.04) and in all subjects >48 years old (OR = 7.33; 95% CL = 1.53–35.10; P = 0.01). Similarly, elevations in NNK‐induced aberrations were significantly associated with the 312Asn allele (OR = 3.69; 95% CL = 1.29–10.56; P = 0.02). The risk was higher in smokers (OR = 4.62; 95% CL = 1.14–18.70; P = 0.04) and in subjects >48 years old (OR = 5.76; 95% CL = 1.30–25.41; P = 0.03). No significant effect was observed with the 715Gln variant allele in relation to either in vivo or NNK‐induced CA. These data suggest that the Asp312Asn polymorphism may alter the phenotype of the XPD protein, resulting in reduced DNA‐repair capacity. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 44:65–73, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transforming growth factor‐β3–loaded microtextured membranes for skin regeneration in dermal wounds
Authors: Vooijs D. P. P. , Walboomers X. F. , Parker J. A. T. C. , Von den Hoff J. W. , Jansen J. A. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractAdverse effects of wound healing, such as excessive scar tissue formation, wound contraction, or nonhealing wounds represent a major clinical issue in today's healthcare. Transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β3 has specifically been implicated in wound healing. Our hypothesis was that local administration of TGF‐β3 to excisional dermal wounds would diminish wound contraction and scar formation. Microtextured wound covers, containing different concentrations of TGF‐β3, were placed onto full‐thickness excisional skin wounds in guinea pigs. Tattooed reference marks were used to quantify wound contraction. Sixty‐four male guinea pigs in four study groups (5 ng TGF‐β3, 50 ng TGF‐β3, no growth factor, sham wound) were followed for up to 6 weeks. We analyzed 19 different parameters of wound healing. Results showed that, in some instances, the 50‐ng TGF‐β3 group gave less contraction, whereas the 5‐ng TGF‐β3 group gave more contraction. These differences confirm that TGF‐β3 has an optimum working concentration, and suggest this concentration to be closer to 50 ng than to 5 ng TGF‐β3. However, only very few significant differences occurred, and thus we conclude that the clinical relevance of our findings is negligible. Earlier studies, reporting clinically improved wound healing by TGF‐β3, could therefore not be confirmed by this study. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 70A: 402–411, 2004
A fast pairlist‐construction algorithm for molecular simulations under periodic boundary conditions
Authors: Heinz Tim N. , Hünenberger Philippe H. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractA new grid‐cell algorithm is presented that permits the fast construction of cutoff‐based nonbonded pairlists in molecular simulations under periodic boundary conditions based on an arbitrary box shape. The key features of the method are (1) the use of a one‐dimensional mask array (to determine which grid cells contain interacting atoms) that incorporates the effect of periodicity, and (2) the grouping of adjacent interacting cells of the mask array into stripes, which permits the handling of empty cells with a very low computational overhead. Testing of the algorithm on water systems of different sizes (containing about 2000 to 11,000 molecules) shows that the method (1) is about an order of magnitude more efficient compared to a standard (double‐loop) algorithm, (2) achieves quasi‐linear scaling in the number of atoms, (3) is weakly sensitive in terms of efficiency to the chosen number of grid cells, and (4) can be easily parallelized. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 25: 1474–1486, 2004