bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neutrophil Virucidal Activity Against SARS-CoV-2 Is Mediated by Neutrophil Extracellular Traps
Authors: dos Ramos Almeida Cícero José Luíz , Veras Flávio Protásio , Paiva Isadora Marques , Schneider Ayda Henriques , da Costa Silva Juliana , Gomes Giovanni Freitas , Costa Victor Ferreira , Silva Bruna Manuella Souza , Caetite Diego Brito , Silva Camila Meirelles Souza , Salina Ana Caroline Guerta , Martins Ronaldo , Bonilha Caio Santos , Cunha Larissa Dias , Jamur Maria Célia , da Silva Luís Lamberti Pinto , Arruda Eurico , Zamboni Dario Simões , Louzada-Junior Paulo , de Oliveira Renê Donizeti Ribeiro , Alves-Filho José Carlos , Cunha Thiago Mattar , de Queiroz Cunha Fernando 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Inflammation in the lungs and other vital organs in COVID-19 is characterized by the presence of neutrophils and a high concentration of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which seems to mediate host tissue damage. However, it is not known whether NETs could have virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2.

Methods
We investigated whether NETs could prevent SARS-CoV-2 replication in neutrophils and epithelial cells and what the consequence of NETs degradation would be in K18-humanized ACE2 transgenic mice infected with SARS-CoV-2.

Results
Here, by immunofluorescence microscopy, we observed that viral particles colocalize with NETs in neutrophils isolated from patients with COVID-19 or healthy individuals and infected in vitro. The inhibition of NETs production increased virus replication in neutrophils. In parallel, we observed that NETs inhibited virus abilities to infect and replicate in epithelial cells after 24 hours of infection. Degradation of NETs with DNase I prevented their virucidal effect in vitro. Using K18-humanized ACE2 transgenic mice, we observed a higher viral load in animals treated with DNase I. However, the virucidal effect of NETs was not dependent on neutrophil elastase or myeloperoxidase activity.

Conclusions
Our results provide evidence of the role of NETosis as a mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 viral capture and inhibition.
A multilevel analysis of social determinants of skilled birth attendant utilisation among married and cohabiting women of Madagascar
Authors: Armah-Ansah Ebenezer Kwesi , Bawa Benedicta , Dindas John , Budu Eugene , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Ameyaw Edward Kwabena 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in Madagascar is 392 deaths per 100 000 live births, and this is a major public health concern. One of the strategies for reducing MMR and achieving target 3.1 of the Sustainable Development Goals (i.e. reducing the global MMR below 70 per 100 000 live births) is the utilisation of skilled birth attendants (SBAs). This analysis examined the prevalence and social determinants of SBA utilisation among married and cohabiting women of Madagascar.

Methods
Data from the 2021 Madagascar Demographic and Health Surveys was analysed on a weighted sample of 6997 married and cohabiting women. A multilevel regression was carried out to determine the social determinants of utilising SBAs. The results are presented as odds ratios (ORs) associated with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and a p-value &lt;0.05 to determine the significant associations.

Results
The prevalence of SBAs among married and cohabiting women of Madagascar was 64.4% (95% CI 0.62 to 0.68). In model 3 of the multilevel regression, women 35–39 y of age (adjusted OR [aOR] 1.86 [95% CI 1.30 to 2.60]), women with secondary/higher education (aOR 1.67 [95% CI 1.32 to 2.10]), women whose partners had secondary/higher education (aOR 1.58 [95% CI 1.25 to 1.99]), cohabiting women (aOR 1.33 [95% CI 1.07 to 1.65]), women who had four or more antenatal care visits (aOR  2.05 [95% CI 1.79 to 2.35]), female household head (aOR 1.44 [95% CI 1.06 to 1.95]), Muslims (aOR 1.58 [95% CI 0.71 to 3.53]), those of the richest wealth index (aOR 4.32 [95% CI 2.93 to 6.36]) and women who lived in communities with high literacy levels (aOR 2.17 [95% CI 1.57 to 3.00]) had higher odds of utilisation of SBA.

Conclusion
This current analysis revealed low SBA utilisation among married and cohabiting women in Madagascar. The analysis points to the fact that understaffing and inaccessibility of health facilities remain major contributors to the low utilisation of SBAs. The findings call on the government and stakeholders in Madagascar to consider implementing programs that will empower women and focus on disadvantaged groups. These programs could include providing free maternal healthcare services to all pregnant women and intensifying health education programs that target women and their partners with no formal education.
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Associated with COVID-19 Infection in a Patient with High Cardio-metabolic Risk
Authors: Osyodlo Galyna V , Husieva Svitlana A , Svicharova Svitlana V , Savichan Kyrylo V 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
The article analyses data on the occurrence of hematological abnormalities in severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 infection. Among these hematological abnormalities, the majority of patients develop a hypercoagulable state associated with thromboembolic complications and poor prognosis. Approximately one-third of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 infection are diagnosed with mild to severe thrombocytopenia. Another hematological autoimmune disease observed in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 is autoimmune hemolytic anemia. A clinical case with the development of autoimmune hemolytic anemia in the setting of coronavirus infection was described. The diagnosis was based on the presence of anemia, reticulocytosis, a significant decrease in haptoglobin levels, and a positive antiglobulin test (Coombs test). Given the comorbidity, the risks of adverse effects of severe coronavirus disease were high, despite this, it was possible to achieve clinical and hematological remission of autoimmune hemolytic anemia by prescribing pathogenetic therapy with anti-CD-20 monoclonal antibody (rituximab), recombinant erythropoietin and glucocorticoid hormones. This clinical case demonstrates the possibility of successful treatment of patients with severe hemolytic anemia. Special attention should be paid to the discrepancy between the severity of the condition and objective data. This case demonstrates the need for a more in-depth approach to each patient with anemia associated with coronavirus disease infection, namely, in the presence of anemic syndrome, it is imperative to include a full range of laboratory tests.
Seasonal Association With Hypothermia in Combat Trauma
Authors: Eisenhauer Ian , April Michael D , Rizzo Julie A , Fisher Andrew D , Maddry Joseph K , Bebarta Vikhyat S , Schauer Steven G 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Hypothermia increases mortality in trauma populations and frequently occurs in military casualties due to the nature of combat environments. The association between hypothermia and the time of year when injured remains unclear. We sought to determine the association between seasonal changes in temperature and hypothermia among combat casualties.

Materials and Methods
This observational study was a secondary analysis of a previously described Department of Defense Trauma Registry dataset which included U.S. military and Coalition casualties who received prehospital care from January 2007 to March 2020 in Afghanistan and Iraq. We tested for associations between hypothermia (&lt;36.2°C) and seasonal ambient temperatures by constructing multivariable logistic regression models. Summer was defined as June through August and winter as December through February. We assumed that the combat operations occurred in the area near the point of first contact with the deployed military treatment facilities. This study was determined to be exempt from Institutional Review Board oversight.

Results
There were 5,821 that met inclusion for this study. Within the multivariable logistic regression model, we adjusted for injury severity score, mechanism of injury, and imputed transport time, finding that combat casualties were 2.28 (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval 1.93-2.69) times more likely to develop hypothermia in the winter versus summer. When using temperature as a continuous outcome, casualties had a lower emergency department temperature during the winter (parameter estimate −0.133°C, P &lt; 0.001) after adjusting for confounders. In casualties experiencing hypothermia, mortality was higher (4% versus 1%, P &lt; 0.001), and composite median injury severity score values were higher (10 versus 5, P &lt; 0.001). Among hypothermic casualties, serious injuries were significantly more common (all P &lt; 0.001) to the head (15% versus 7%), thorax (15% versus 7%), abdomen (9% versus 6%), extremities (35% versus 22%), and skin (4% versus 2%).

Conclusions
We found a seasonal variation in the occurrence of hypothermia in a large cohort of trauma casualties. Despite adjustment for multiple known confounders, our findings substantiate probable ambient temperature variations to trauma-induced hypothermia. Furthermore, our findings, when taken in the context of other studies on the efficacy of current hypothermia prevention and treatment strategies, support the need for better methods to mitigate hypothermia in future cold-weather operations.
An improved method to measure 12C/13C and 14N/15N abundance ratios: revisiting CN isotopologues in the Galactic outer disc
Authors: Sun Yichen , Zhang Zhi-Yu , Wang Junzhi , Lin Lingrui , Papadopoulos Padelis P , Romano Donatella , Feng Siyi , Sun Yan , Zhang Bo , Matteucci Francesca 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
The variations of elemental abundance and their ratios along the Galactocentric radius result from the chemical evolution of the Milky Way discs. The $\rm ^{12}C/^{13}C$ ratio in particular is often used as a proxy to determine other isotopic ratios, such as $\rm ^{16}O/^{18}O$ and $\rm ^{14}N/^{15}N$. Measurements of $\rm ^{12}CN$ and $\rm ^{13}CN$ (or $\rm C^{15}N$) – with their optical depths corrected via their hyper-fine structure lines – have traditionally been exploited to constrain the Galactocentric gradients of the CNO isotopic ratios. Such methods typically make several simplifying assumptions (e.g. a filling factor of unity, the Rayleigh–Jeans approximation, and the neglect of the cosmic microwave background) while adopting a single average gas phase. However, these simplifications introduce significant biases to the measured $\rm ^{12}C/^{13}C$ and $\rm ^{14}N/^{15}N$. We demonstrate that exploiting the optically thin satellite lines of 12CN constitutes a more reliable new method to derive $\rm ^{12}C/^{13}C$ and $\rm ^{14}N/^{15}N$ from CN isotopologues. We apply this satellite-line method to new IRAM 30-m observations of 12CN, 13CN, and C15N N = 1 → 0 towards 15 metal-poor molecular clouds in the Galactic outer disc (Rgc &gt; 12 kpc), supplemented by data from the literature. After updating their Galactocentric distances, we find that $\rm ^{12}C/^{13}C$ and $\rm ^{14}N/^{15}N$ gradients are in good agreement with those derived using independent optically thin molecular tracers, even in regions with the lowest metallicities. We therefore recommend using optically thin tracers for Galactic and extragalactic CNO isotopic measurements, which avoids the biases associated with the traditional method.
Probing star formation in five of the most massive spiral galaxies observed through ASTROSAT UltraViolet Imaging Telescope
Authors: Ray Shankar , Dhiwar Suraj , Bagchi Joydeep , Pandge M B 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
We present highly resolved and sensitive imaging of the five nearby massive spiral galaxies (with rotation velocities $\rm \gt 300\, km\, s^{-1}$) observed by the UltraViolet Imaging Telescope onboard India’s multiwavelength astronomy satellite ASTROSAT, along with other archival observations. These massive spirals show a far-ultraviolet star formation rate in the range of ∼ 1.4 – 13.7 ${\rm M}_{\odot } \, \mathrm{yr}^{-1}$ and fall in the ‘Green Valley’ region with a specific star formation rate within ∼ 10−11.5 – 10−10.5 yr−1. Moreover, the mean star formation rate density of the highly resolved star-forming clumps of these objects is in the range 0.011 – 0.098 ${\rm M}_{\odot }\, \mathrm{ yr}^{-1}\, \mathrm{kpc}^{-2}$, signifying localized star formation. From the spectral energy distributions, under the assumption of a delayed star formation model, we show that the star formation of these objects had peaked in the period of ∼ 0.8 – 2.8 Gyr after the ‘Big Bang’ and the object that has experienced the peak sooner after the ‘Big Bang’ show relatively less star-forming activity at z ∼ 0 and falls below the main-sequence relation for a stellar content of $\rm \gtrsim 10^{11} \, {\rm M}_{\odot }$. We also show that these objects accumulated much of their stellar mass in the early period of evolution with ∼ 31 – 42 per cent of the total stellar mass obtained in a time of (1/16) – (1/5)th the age of the Universe. We estimate that these massive objects convert their halo baryons into stars with efficiencies falling between ∼ 7 and 31 per cent.
EMBL’s European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) in 2023
Authors: Thakur Matthew , Buniello Annalisa , Brooksbank Catherine , Gurwitz Kim T , Hall Matthew , Hartley Matthew , Hulcoop David G , Leach Andrew R , Marques Diana , Martin Maria , Mithani Aziz , McDonagh Ellen M , Mutasa-Gottgens Euphemia , Ochoa David , Perez-Riverol Yasset , Stephenson James , Varadi Mihaly , Velankar Sameer , Vizcaino Juan Antonio , Witham Rick , McEntyre Johanna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The European Molecular Biology Laboratory's European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) is one of the world's leading sources of public biomolecular data. Based at the Wellcome Genome Campus in Hinxton, UK, EMBL-EBI is one of six sites of the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Europe's only intergovernmental life sciences organisation. This overview summarises the latest developments in the services provided by EMBL-EBI data resources to scientific communities globally. These developments aim to ensure EMBL-EBI resources meet the current and future needs of these scientific communities, accelerating the impact of open biological data for all.
Occupational asthma induced by fish exposure
Authors: Añibarro B , Feijoo L , de las Cuevas N , Seoane F J 
Published: November 2023

Summary
Occupational asthma triggered by inhaling fish-derived aerosols is estimated to affect 2–8% of exposed individuals. This primarily affects workers in the fish processing industry. Fishmongers, rarely experience this issue, as recent research found no significant difference in asthma rates compared to a control group.
We report the case of a fishmonger who presented with a 1-year history of rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma. The patient attributed these symptoms to his occupational exposure within the fish market environment, which worsened in the cold storage warehouse.
Symptoms improved during holidays. Diagnosis involved skin-prick tests, sIgE (ImmunoCAP-specific IgE) measurements, and bronchial challenge tests, confirming occupational asthma from fish bioaerosol exposure. Parvalbumins, common fish proteins, share structural similarities, leading to cross-reactivity in fish allergy sufferers. In this case, sensitivity to rGad c1 (cod parvalbumin) was identified as the primary trigger for the patient’s asthma, and responsible for sensitizations observed across various tested fish species.
Haemostatic Support in Postpartum Haemorrhage: A Review of the Literature and Expert Opinion
Authors: Hofer S. , Blaha J. , Collins P.W. , Ducloy-Bouthors A.S. , Guasch E. , Labate F. , Lança F. , Nyfløt L.T. , Steiner K. , Van de Velde M. 
Published: November 2023

(Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2023;40:29–38)
Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) remains a significant issue for maternal health in both low- and high-income countries, with 25% of maternal deaths worldwide attributed to PPH as the leading cause of death related to pregnancy. Beyond maternal mortality, serious morbidity related to PPH can include coagulopathy, anemia, need for blood transfusion, Sheehan’s syndrome, psychological trauma, and renal impairment. Current management strategies are effective in preventing PPH and maternal death, but there is a lack of consensus on the definition of PPH and the most favorable treatment pathway for achieving hemostasis. Herein a clinically relevant definition of PPH is proposed along with practical guidance to increase the likelihood of positive outcomes through efficient and goal-directed therapy.
Association Between History of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Coronary Artery Disease Assessed by Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography
Authors: Sederholm Lawesson S. , Swahn E. , Pihlsgård M. , Andersson T. , Angerås O. , Bacsovics Brolin E. , Bergdahl E. , Blomberg M. , Christersson C. , Gonçalves I. , Gunnarsson O.S. , Jernberg T. , Johnston N. , Leander K. , Lilliecreutz C. , Pehrson M. , Rosengren A. , Sandström A. , Sandström A. , Sarno G. , Själander S. , Svanvik T. , Thunström E. , Wikström A.K. , Timpka S. 
Published: November 2023

(JAMA. 2023;329:393–404)
Some lifestyle and genetic risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) are common between women and men, but others affect only women, such as preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, preterm delivery, and other adverse pregnancy complications and outcomes. Each of these has been linked to an increased risk in CAD, which has long been a leading cause of death. Risk factors for CAD associated with pregnancy outcomes are often overlooked because they tend to occur in younger women who may have otherwise good cardiovascular health. One method used to analyze and diagnose risks related to CAD is coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography; it is a noninvasive technique used to visualize the coronary arteries and screen for occlusion or other markers of subclinical CAD. Previous research has been unclear about the effect of cardiovascular complications during pregnancy on overall later cardiovascular health. This study aimed to understand associations between subclinical CAD as examined by coronary CT angiography and a history of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Effects of Race and Ethnicity on Perinatal Outcomes in High-income and Upper-middle-income Countries: An Individual Participant Data Meta-analysis of 2,198,655 Pregnancies
Authors: Sheikh J. , Allotey J. , Kew T. , Fernández-Félix B.M. , Zamora J. , Khalil A. , Thangaratinam S. ,   IPPIC Collaborative Network
Published: November 2023

(Lancet. 2022;400:2049–2062)
Health disparities and inequalities for pregnant patients effect short-term and long-term outcomes, potentially for generations. Existing studies on the effects of race and ethnicity for parturients have been country specific. This study aimed to investigate the effects of health disparities and inequalities globally from under-represented and underserved ethnic and racial groups, especially those in high- and upper-middle-income countries, and to determine how disparities vary geographically.
Computerized Cardiotocography Analysis During Labor - A State-of-the-Art Review
Authors: Ben M'Barek I. , Jauvion G. , Ceccaldi P.F. 
Published: November 2023

(Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2023;102:130–137)
Cardiotocography (CTG) is commonly used to screen for fetal wellbeing during pregnancy by recording fetal heart rate (FHR) and uterine contractions. CTG is also used during delivery to detect and manage fetal hypoxia. Since its introduction in the 1960s, CTG signal interpretation by providers continues to have significant intraobserver and interobserver variability, and CTG monitoring benefits are questioned compared to simpler methods. Now, computer-aided systems automatically process the CTG signals. This review analyzes computerized CTG, particularly recently published research using approaches taken by machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) in recent years.
Factors Associated With a Maternal Lower-limb Neurological Deficit After Vaginal Delivery
Authors: Tournier A. , Doremieux A.C. , Drumez E. , Labreuche J. , Cassim F. , Gonzales M. , Garabedian C. , Subtil D. 
Published: November 2023

(Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2023;102:51–58)
Women experience lower-limb neurological deficit following vaginal delivery at a rate of 0.1% to 2%. The manifestation varies between transient with resolution within weeks to significant discomfort and prolonged disability. To better understand risk factors that contribute to this occurrence, maternal characteristics were assessed including neurological history, maternal obesity, nulliparity, gestational age >41 weeks, labor positions, prolonged labor duration, large newborn weight, instrumental delivery, epidural analgesia, and cephalopelvic disproportion. Better understanding of the mechanism of this injury may allow for prevention.
Impact of Simulation Training on the Management of Shoulder Dystocia and Incidence of Permanent Brachial Plexus Birth Injury: An Observational Study
Authors: Kaijomaa M. , Gissler M. , Äyräs O. , Sten A. , Grahn P. 
Published: November 2023

(BJOG. 2023;130:70–77)
During complicated deliveries, brachial plexus birth injury (BPBI) is likely to occur. BPBI is caused by traction to the cervical and thoracic nerve roots. Shoulder dystocia (SD) is the greatest risk factor for permanent BPBI. Simulation-based training has been suggested to prepare healthcare professionals for deliveries involving BPBI and SD, but the outcomes and results of this training are inconsistent and uncommon.
Effect of Intrapartum Azithromycin Versus Placebo on Neonatal Sepsis and Death: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Roca A. , Camara B. , Bognini J.D. , Nakakana U.N. , Somé A.M. , Beloum N. , Rouamba T. , Sillah F. , Danso M. , Jones J.C. , Graves S. , Jagne I. , Getanda P. , Darboe S. , Tahita M.C. , Ndure E. , Franck H.S. , Edmond S.Y. , Dondeh B.L. , Nassa W.G.J. , Garba Z. , Bojang A. , Njie Y. , Bottomley C. , Tinto H. , D'Alessandro U. ,   PregnAnZI-2 Working Group
Published: November 2023

(JAMA. 2023;329:716–724)
Approximately 40% of childhood deaths occur during the first 28 days following birth. A major cause of these deaths is sepsis. Azithromycin has been introduced as a possible solution to reduce the number of deaths occurring in infants. This study aimed to assess the use of oral azithromycin doses given to mothers during labor to reduce neonatal sepsis following delivery.
Long-term Childhood Outcomes for Babies Born at Term Who were Exposed to Antenatal Corticosteroids
Authors: Osteen S.J. , Yang Z. , McKinzie A.H. , Teal E. , Tepper R.S. , Rhoads E. , Quinney S.K. , Haneline L.S. , Haas D.M. 
Published: November 2023

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2023;228:80)
Antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) are recommended for mothers at risk for preterm delivery to reduce infant mortality and increase lung maturation. It is possible that ACS can decrease lung function for individuals later in life. This study aimed to compare the difference in lung function for individuals ages 5 and above whose mothers received ACS and those whose mothers did not.
The Delivery of Obstetric Anesthetic Care in UK Maternity Units: A Survey of Practice in 2021
Authors: Bamber J.H. , Lucas D.N. , Russell R. 
Published: November 2023

(Int J Obstet Anesth. 2023;53:103618)
Anesthesiologists play an integral role in the care provided to patients in maternity units by administering peripartum anesthesia and analgesia and sharing the responsibility of safe care. Yet the efficacy of their role is dependent on the organization of anesthesia services and how they are resourced. As the information on how obstetric anesthetic resources are lacking in the United Kingdom, the aim of this survey was to determine current obstetric anesthesia service delivery and staffing resources in the United Kingdom to guide care teams and achieve key national recommendations and benchmarks.