bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of enavogliflozin vs. dapagliflozin as add-on therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus based on renal function: A pooled analysis of two randomized controlled trials
Authors: Lyu Young Sang , Hong Sangmo , Lee Si Eun , Cho Bo Young , Park Cheol-Young 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
We assessed the efficacy and safety of enavogliflozin (0.3 mg), a newly developed SGLT-2 inhibitor, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus based on kidney function via pooled analysis of two 24-week, randomized, double-blind phase III trials.
Methods
Data from 470 patients were included (enavogliflozin: 0.3 mg/day, n = 235; dapagliflozin: 10 mg/day, n = 235). The subjects were classified by mildly reduced (60 ≤ eGFR < 90 mL/min/1.73 m², n = 247) or normal eGFR (≥ 90 mL/min/1.73 m², n = 223).
Results
In the mildly reduced eGFR group, enavogliflozin significantly reduced the adjusted mean change of HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose levels at week 24 compared to dapagliflozin (− 0.94% vs. −0.77%, P = 0.0196). Enavogliflozin exhibited a more pronounced glucose-lowering effect by HbA1c when combined with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors than that observed in their absence. Enavogliflozin showed potent blood glucose-lowering effects regardless of renal function. Conversely, dapagliflozin showed a significant decrease in the glucose-lowering efficacy as the renal function decreased. Enavogliflozin showed a higher urinary glucose excretion rate in both groups. The homeostatic model assessment showed that enavogliflozin markedly decreased the insulin resistance. The blood pressure, weight loss, or homeostasis model assessment of beta-cell function values did not differ significantly between enavogliflozin and dapagliflozin. Adverse events were similar between both drugs.
Conclusions
The glucose-lowering efficacy of enavogliflozin is superior to that of dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with mild renal function impairment; this is attributed to its potent urinary glucose excretion-promoting ability.
Trial registration
Not applicable (pooled analysis).
Cross Modal Adaptive Feature Fusion Network for RGB-D Salient Object Detection
Authors: Li Haitang , Shi Lijuan , Wang Yanjun , He Yuanfei , Zhou Weihua , Li Peiling 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

RGB-D salient object detection is a fundamental task in computer vision, garnering considerable attention in recent years as many visual tasks rely on salient object detection as a foundational step. However, in the context of RGB-D salient object detection, the effective fusion of RGB modality features with DEPTH modality features to enhance the performance of the salient object detection task remains a significant challenge. In this paper, addressing this issue, we propose an effective network architecture, CMAFF-Net: We design a novel attention mechanism called Normalized Coordinate Attention (NCA) to further extract features from the backbone network, resulting in more effective feature representation. We introduce the CMAFF module to adaptively fuse features extracted at different stages of the backbone network, ensuring the effectiveness of feature fusion at each stage. We propose a hybrid loss function to provide more effective supervision for model learning. Our model exhibits superior performance on the first four publicly available datasets compared to the latest methods. Particularly noteworthy is the approximately 4% improvement in the F-measure evaluation metric on the SSD dataset.
Prevalence of Nosocomial Pathogens Associated with Medical Devices at Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences
Authors: Haroon Atif , Khan Reshma , orakash Om , Ali Naeem , Wei Dong-Qing 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Introduction: Nosocomial infections (NIs), or healthcare-associated infections (HAI), are a significant health challenge in hospital settings, leading to prolonged hospital stays, increased morbidity, and mortality rates. These infections arise from nosocomial pathogens (NPs) colonizing indwelling medical devices, presenting a formidable challenge due to escalating microbial resistance.
Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of nosocomial bacterial and fungal pathogens on various indwelling medical devices utilized in the treatment of in-patients at PIMS hospital.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2019 to December 2019. Endotracheal tubes (ETTs), urinary catheters tubes (UCTs), central venous catheters (CVCs), suction tubes, drainage tubes, and pharmaceutical tubes were collected from 95 in-patients affected by NIs in the respiratory, cardiac, digestive, and urinary systems. All specimens were processed following standard safety protocols.
Results: Among the 95 collected indwelling medical devices, 74 were positive for various nosocomial bacterial and fungal pathogens, resulting in a prevalence rate of 78%. The prevalence of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was 58% and 20%, respectively, while fungal pathogens accounted for 22%. The distribution of pathogens varied among the specific devices, with ETTs, CVC, UCTs, and mixed tubes having prevalence rates of 38%, 18%, 30%, and 15%, respectively. Five NPs were identified: P. aeruginosa(24.3%), C. albicans (21.6%), E. coli (20.3%), S. aureus(20.3%), and K. pneumoniae (13.5%), with P. aeruginosa being the most prevalent.
Conclusion: The high prevalence of NPs associated with medical devices presents a growing health concern, particularly in our healthcare setup. Implementing appropriate disinfection measures can aid in preventing such pathogens. Therefore, these study findings underscore the significance of clinical observations and surveillance of NIs to provide effective healthcare for the public.
Potential Land Suitability Assessment for Surface Irrigation Using Geospatial Technology in Shinfa River Basin, Abbay Sub-Basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Bayehi Biniam A. , Fikadie Fitamilak T. , Belay Kibrewosen Z. , Beju Yibeltal Z. , Eshetie Daniel G. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Assessment of potential lands suitable for surface irrigation techniques is vital for a country like Ethiopia, where chronic food shortages occur on a recurrent basis while the country has abundant water resources and sufficient potentially suitable lands. This study aims to identify suitable land for surface irrigation in the Shinfa River basin, and Metema-Quara districts. The study used a combination of Geographic Information System (GIS), and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) techniques to identify surface irrigation-suitability lands. Distance proximity (river, town, and road) and land features (LULC, major soils, soil characteristics, and slope) were the suitability factors used in this study. The results show that 1.64% (8,991.5 ha) of land is highly suitable and 69% (377,431.5 ha) of land is moderately suitable in the basin, which has 5,467.3 km2. In the middle downstream of the basin, an 85,480-ha large-scale irrigation project was designed by Amhara Design and Supervision Works Enterprise (ADSWE) by providing storage at Gubay Jejebit Kebele. Referencing the proposed dam site, the downstream Metema-Quara district had 105,042 ha of suitable irrigation potential within the basin. However, only 38% of suitable land was proposed and designed for surface irrigation development. Therefore, to increase the irrigable land in the district, design extensions and other water source alternatives (diversion, groundwater, and rainwater harvesting) should be considered, and having large-scale suitable irrigation potential requires the implementation of irrigation projects for the better development of the country.
Molecular cloning and functional analysis of ScHAK10 gene promoter from sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.)
Authors: Luo Hai-Bin , Huang Cheng-Mei , Cao Hui-Qing , Xu Lin , Wu Kai-Chao , Deng Zhi-Nian , Wu Xing-Jian , Ye Li-Ping , Wei Yuan-Wen 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Transcriptional regulation of the high-affinity K+ (HAK) transporter gene is an important mechanism of plant response to low potassium stress. Cloning and analysis of the promoter of potassium transporter gene is not only helpful to its expression pattern and regulation mechanism but also important to improve the potassium absorption efficiency in sugarcane. The potassium transporter gene ScHAK10 is highly expressed and induced by low potassium stress in sugarcane, but the functions of its promoter is still unclear. In the present article, the 1918 bp promoter region of the ScHAK10 gene (pScHAK10) was cloned by genomic walking technique. Computational analysis affirmed the existence of abiotic stress-responsive cis and core cis-elements, such as TATA box, CAAT box, phytohormone responsive, stress response and light response motifs. GUS histochemical staining of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings showed that the leaf, corolla, and root tip were deeply stained, and paraffin sections of root tip tissue showed GUS staining in ductal tissue of A. thaliana shallowly stained. The 5′-terminal deletion of the promoter was cloned, and the lengths of 1918 (full), 1623 (Q1), 1332 (Q2), 957 (Q3), 576 (Q4), and 357 bp (Q5) were cloned into the GUS reporter vector for A. thaliana transient transformation. The transgenic plants generated through a single event exhibited a promising expression of the GUS reporter protein, which was treated with salt, low potassium, IAA and cold stress conditions. The results showed that the promoter activity correlates with the promoter fragment's length, and the long promoter fragment exhibits higher training. The Q5 was the least active and could not drive GUS expression. Under abiotic stress, the expression of GUS enzyme activity varies among different promoter fragments. Under low potassium and high salt stress, Q3 and Q4 showed the highest promoter activity. The Q1 and Q4 led the highest promoter activity during IAA and cold stress. These findings help to understand the molecular mechanism of ScHAK10 expression regulation and provide a theoretical basis for improving potassium uptake efficiency and breeding potassium-efficient varieties in sugarcane.
Multi-expert ensemble ECG diagnostic algorithm using mutually exclusive-symbiotic correlation between 254 hierarchical multiple labels
Authors: Yang Wei , Lai Jiewei , Zhang Yue , Zhao Chenyu , Wang Jinliang , Yan Yong , Chen Mingyang , Ji Lei , Guo Jun , Han Baoshi , Shi Yajun , Zhang Jinxia , Chen Yundai , Feng Qianjin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Electrocardiograms (ECGs) are a cheap and convenient means of assessing heart health, and provide an important basis for diagnosis and treatment by cardiologists. However, existing intelligent ECG diagnostic approaches can only detect up to several tens of ECG terms, which barely cover the most common arrhythmias. Thus, further diagnosis is required by cardiologists in clinical settings. This paper describes the development of a multi-expert ensemble learning model that can recognize 254 ECG terms. Based on data from 191,804 wearable 12-lead ECGs, mutually exclusive-symbiotic correlations between hierarchical multiple labels are applied at the loss level to improve the diagnostic performance of the model and make its predictions more reasonable, while alleviating the difficulty of class imbalance. The model achieves an average area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.973 and 0.956 on offline and online test sets, respectively. We select 130 terms from the 254 available for clinical settings by considering the classification performance and clinical significance, providing real-time and comprehensive ancillary support for the public.
Surface, Solvent, and Anion Effects on Polaronic Transitions in New Polyaniline Composites and Nanocomposites
Authors: Modarresi-Alam Ali Reza , Pakseresht Maryam , Khamooshi Ferydoon 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

In this research, the synthesis of novel conductive composites and nanocomposites of the polyaniline (PANI) is reported by the chemical and oxidative insitu polymerization of aniline in the presence of silica- and nanosilica-supported perchloric acid as well as ammonium peroxy disulfate without using a solvent (solid-state condition) at room temperature and Also, changes in polaron mutations under changing conditions are analyzed. The structure, size, and morphology of all samples were identified using FT-IR, UV-Vis, SEM, AFM, and XRD, spectroscopy methods. The conductivity of the samples was determined by using the four-probe technique, Cyclic Voltammetry, and their values were in the range of conductive polymers. According to AFM and SEM images, silica particles have been thoroughly coated by PANI, and the particle sizes of composite and nanocomposite were in the range of 0.5-4μm and 60-90nm, respectively. Also, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows that the nanosilica-supported perchloric acid was crystalline whereas the synthesized nanocomposite was semi-crystalline. Furthermore, the SEM, AFM, and XRD results confirm strong core-shell morphology in obtained nanocomposites. The size of the polymer particles is directly related to the conductivity of the polymer. The UV Visible study showed that the effect of polar solvents with high dielectric constant such as DMF and MeOH is more for smaller particles such as nanocomposite. Due to more interaction of solvent with polymer chromophores groups, their effect is stronger. They reduce energy levels and increase energy gap transfer. They increase the number of polaronic transitions. Chloride anion, compared to perchlorate anion (multi-atomic), due to more connection centers and a specific type of connection, remains in the salt polymer structure after work-up with H2O and causes the formation of a two-layer coating and an increase in the coating surface. This issue in XRD causes the broadening of the peak and the amorphous appearance compared to the NSSPA spectrum and prevents the emergence of separate and sharp peaks. Due to the increase in the surface and size of polymer particles in the structure of the composite, the conductivity is slightly higher than that of the nanocomposite. Due to the increase in the surface and size of polymer particles in the structure of the composite, the conductivity is slightly higher than that of the nanocomposite. Therefore, it can be concluded that in resistors that are used to limit a certain amount of electric current, the nanocomposite structure is preferable to the composite structure.
Periodic Polyhedra in Spaces of Constant Curvature
Authors: Duffield Christina , Freese Daniel , Holt William , Weber Matthias , Yol Ramazan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We show the existence of families of periodic polyhedra in spaces of constant curvature whose fundamental domains can be obtained by attaching prisms and antiprisms to Archimedean solids. These polyhedra have constant discrete curvature and are weakly regular in the sense that all faces are congruent regular polygons and all vertex figures are congruent as well. Some of our examples have stronger conformal or metric regularity. The polyhedra are invariant under either a group generated by reflections at the faces of a Platonic solid, or a group generated by transformations that are reflections at the faces of a Platonic solid, followed by a rotation about an axis perpendicular to the respective face. In particular, suitable quotients will be compact polyhedral surfaces in (possibly non-compact) spaceforms.
Heavy Metals and Radionuclides in Islamabad's Industrial Area: A Comprehensive Analysis of Soil and Water Pollution, Source Apportionment and Health Effects Using Statistical and Geospatial Tools
Authors: Anjum Mavia , Siddique Naila , Younis Hannan , Faiz Yasir , Shafique Munib Ahmed , Anjum Mahnoor , Sajid Ayesha , Altaf Muhammad 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Pollution in industrial areas around the world is a significant problem that is worsening day by day. Islamabad is the capital city of Pakistan with a dedicated industrial zone. This study evaluated the heavy metal pollution levels in the soil and water of Islamabad’s industrial area using statistical, geospatial tools as well as their subsequent health and ecological hazards The results show that the soil of Islamabad’s industrial area is highly polluted with heavy and toxic metals. The risk posed by heavy metals to the eco-system was calculated using Ecological risk factor and was found to be above recommended level. Principal component analysis (PCA), Pearson’s correlation and inverse distance weighting interpolation (IDW) revealed that the soil near the steel mills, landfill and marble processing plants is extremely polluted with heavy metals. Health hazards from heavy metal exposure through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact were also calculated. The average daily dose for both adults and children follows the trend, ADDING>ADDDER > ADDINH for soil. The hazard quotient and index follow the trend; HI > HQING > HQDER > HQINH except for Co and Ba. Cr posed a moderate carcinogenic risk to children via the three exposure pathways with the value being 4×10− 4. Natural radioactivity levels for Ra-226, Th-232 and K-40 were found to be 25.96 ± 12.50, 15.84 ± 2.59, 469.48 ± 52.38 Bq/kg respectively. The risk to human health from gamma exposure was also evaluated using various radiation hazard indices. Elemental analysis of water samples coupled with geospatial analysis showed that water samples collected near the industrial complexes have elevated levels of metals. The water quality for irrigation was assessed and the water from Islamabad’s industrial area was found to be suitable for irrigation. This study also quantified the health hazards of heavy metals in water through ingestion and dermal contact. The non-carcinogenic health hazards were highest for cadmium, with children having 10 times higher exposure than adults. This study found that the soil of Islamabad’s industrial area is highly polluted with lower levels of natural radioactivity and the water near the industries also has elevated levels of heavy metals.
A Comprehensive Strategy for Algal Biomass Processing: Improved Harvesting and Drying Techniques for Enhanced Metabolite Content
Authors: Barajas-Solano Andres F. , García-Martínez Janet B , Contreras-Ropero Jefferson E , Lavecchia Roberto , Zuorro Antonio 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Biomass harvesting and drying represent the most energy-intensive stages in algal biomass processing. Despite the availability of various technologies at the laboratory scale, certain methods, such as centrifugation or freeze-drying, become prohibitively expensive when scaled up. The primary objective of this study was to identify the optimal method for harvesting and drying algal biomass while minimizing the impact on metabolite content, encompassing carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. To achieve this goal, an I-optimal design incorporating four variables and two levels was employed to determine the most efficient methods. These findings revealed that electroflotation surpasses chemical flocculation as the preferred method for harvesting, while dewatering is more efficient than convective oven drying is. Further optimization efforts indicated that employing low temperatures and extended durations (56°C and 41 hours, respectively) constitute the optimal strategy for reducing moisture in the biomass while simultaneously enhancing the extraction of metabolites. These results present a more sustainable and economically viable approach to harvesting and drying substantial quantities of algal culture, with a diminished impact on metabolite composition.
The Power Of Knowledge: Patient Education And Dietary Counselling Improve Quality Of Life And Reduce Nutritional Anaemia In Type 2 DM Patients
Authors: Gupta Beauty , Gupta Bishal , Mathur Prashant , Yadav Dhirendra Kumar , Saini Sapna , Jangid Umesh , Rani Priya , Raj Shobhit 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background: This study investigates the impact of structured patient education and dietary counselling on the quality of life and prevalence of nutritional anaemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients. The significance of patient education in chronic conditions and the Health Belief Model's role in influencing behaviour forms the theoretical basis.
Methods: Conducted at a single tertiary care hospital in Jaipur, India, this case-controlled trial involved 200 T2DM patients aged 30 to 65. Participants were divided into intervention (n=100) and control groups (n=100). The intervention group received tailored education on diabetes management and nutritional counselling, while the control group received standard care. Baseline and three-month follow-ups assessed quality of life, perceptions, and nutritional status.
Results: The intervention group demonstrated significant improvements in quality of life, perceptions related to T2DM, and a reduction in nutritional anaemia prevalence. Glycemic control notably improved in the intervention group. Statistical analyses showed significant differences between groups (p<0.05) for various measured parameters.
Conclusion: Structured patient education and dietary counselling significantly enhanced quality of life, mitigated nutritional anaemia, and improved glycemic control in T2DM patients. The Health Belief Model provided a theoretical framework for understanding the impact of interventions on perceptions and behaviours. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating educational and dietary components into comprehensive T2DM management, especially in tertiary care settings, to optimise patient outcomes and quality of life.
Revolutionizing Treatment Planning: Habitat-Based Radiomics for Lateral Lymph Node Metastasis Prediction
Authors: 刘 盈明 , 叮 赵 , 董 嘉宇 , 徐 盛南 , 什 铁峰 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background:Recent advancements in tumor microenvironment analysis have significantly impacted immunotherapy strategies, particularly in thyroid papillary carcinoma. This study focuses on the value of habitat-based radiomics for predicting lateral lymph node metastasis, a crucial factor in treatment planning and prognosis.
Methods:The study selected participants with thyroid papillary carcinoma undergoing their first surgical treatment. Criteria included complete clinical data and enhanced CT imaging. Medical images were normalized and resampled for fixed-resolution pixel values. Radiomics features, classified into geometry, intensity, and texture, were extracted using the pyradiomics tool. Feature selection involved Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and LASSO regression. Machine learning models such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), RandomForest (RF), and ExtraTrees (ET) were used to construct radiomic and habitat signatures with a specific focus on identifying lateral lymph node metastasis.
Results:The habitat-based models demonstrated high efficacy in predicting lateral lymph node metastasis. The Habitat Signature showed higher accuracy (94.6% for SVM, 94.6% for RF, 91.9% for ET) and Area Under the Curve (AUC) values (0.988 for SVM, 0.961 for RF, 0.982 for ET) compared to the Radiomics Signature, specifically in identifying metastatic nodes. The Habitat model also had superior calibration performance, as evidenced by Hosmer-Lemeshow test statistics in training, validation, and test cohorts. Decision curve analysis indicated the Habitat Signature's potential for significant clinical benefit in predicting lateral lymph node involvement.
Conclusion:Habitat-based radiomics analysis provides an accurate and efficient approach for predicting lateral lymph node metastasis in thyroid papillary carcinoma. This method enhances the predictive accuracy, facilitating better personalized treatment strategies in immunotherapy settings. It offers a promising tool in personalized medicine, especially for planning targeted treatment and assessing prognosis in thyroid cancer patients.