bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Converting Core Compounds into Building Blocks: The Concept of Regiochemically Exhaustive Functionalization
Authors: Marzi Elena , Bobbio Carla , Cottet Fabrice , Schlosser Manfred 
Published: May 2005

AbstractIn a model study, 3‐fluorophenol and 3‐fluoropyridine were converted into the each time four possible carboxylic acids by passing through the corresponding organometallic intermediates. As an attempt to generalize the findings reveals, a restricted set of principles and methods suffices to cope with all standard scenarios. The most valuable and versatile tools for the regiochemically exhaustive functionalization of a great variety of substrate patterns are the optionally site‐selective metalation (either by reagent/substrate matching or by peripheral coordination control), the use of activating or congesting protective groups and the basicity gradient‐driven heavy halogen migration (followed by halogen/metal permutation). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
First Asymmetric Synthesis of (+)‐Sordidin and (–)‐7‐epi‐Sordidin, Aggregation Pheromones of the Banana Weevil Cosmopolites sordidus
Authors: Enders Dieter , Breuer Irene , Nühring Anja 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe asymmetric synthesis of (1S,3R,5R,7S)‐(+)‐sordidin and 7‐epi‐(1S,3R,5R,7R)‐(–)‐sordidin, both components of the natural male‐produced aggregation pheromone of the banana weevil Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar), starting from 2,2‐dimethyl‐1,3‐dioxan‐5‐one is described. Two of the stereogenic centers were generated by three α‐alkylations of the corresponding RAMP‐hydrazone. Diastereoselective epoxide opening as another key step of the synthesis employing the aza‐enolate of 3‐pentanone SAEP‐hydrazone as nucleophile and subsequent acidic intramolecular acetalisation furnished the sordidin C‐7 epimers in good overall yield (39 %) as a 1.5:1 diastereomeric mixture. The epimers could be separated by preparative GC and thus, each of them could be obtained in high diastereomeric and enantiomeric purity (de ≥ 97 %, ee ≥ 98 %). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Targeting gene expression in the mouse somite: Adenovirus‐mediated gene delivery and whole embryo culture
Authors: Chen Alice E. , Fan Chen‐Ming 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe report here a novel approach to direct gene expression in the mouse somite based on the combined application of adenovirus‐mediated gene delivery and whole embryo ex vivo culture. As proof of principle, we show functional analysis of somites microinjected with an engineered virus expressing an activated form of Smoothened, the signaling receptor for Sonic Hedgehog (SHH). As adenovirus can infect many embryonic tissues in the mouse, this method may provide an effective alternative to conventional transgenesis for targeted spatial and temporal gene expression. genesis 42:71–76, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increased expression of ICAM‐3 is associated with radiation resistance in cervical cancer
Authors: Chung Young Min , Kim Byoung‐Gie , Park Chang‐Soo , Huh Seung Jae , Kim Jhingook , Park Jong Kuk , Cho Sun Mi , Kim Byung Soo , Kim Jun Suk , Yoo Young Do , Bae Duk‐Soo 
Published: May 2005

AbstractTo search for a marker that predicts the efficacy of radiation therapy in human cervical cancer, gene expression profiles between parental SiHa cervical cancer cells and radiation‐resistant SiHa/R cells have been compared by the microarray technique. Microarray and Northern blot analyses demonstrated that the ICAM‐3 expression was upregulated in SiHa/R cells. This increased expression of ICAM‐3 in SiHa cells enhanced cell survival by about 34.3% after a 2 Gy dosage of radiation. In addition, SiHa/ICAM‐3 cells showed a 2.45‐fold higher level of FAK phosphorylation than that of the control cells. In tumor specimens, ICAM‐3 staining was restricted to tumor stromal endothelial cells and lymphocytes. The overexpression of ICAM‐3 was significantly more frequent in radiation‐resistant cervical cancer specimens when compared with radiation‐sensitive specimens (83.3% vs. 35.3%; p = 0.015). With these observations, we can suggest that an increased expression of ICAM‐3 is associated with radiation resistance in cervical cancer cells and the expression of ICAM‐3 can be used as a valuable biomarker to predict the radiation resistance in cervical cancer that occurs during radiotherapy. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A novel nonsteroidal antifibrotic oligo decoy containing the TGF‐β element found in the COL1A1 gene which regulates murine schistosomiasis liver fibrosis
Authors: Boros D.L. , Singh K.P. , Gerard H.C. , Hudson A.P. , White S.L. , Cutroneo K.R. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSchistosomiasis mansoni disseminated worm eggs in mice and humans induce granulomatous inflammations and cumulative fibrosis causing morbidity and possibly mortality. In this study, intrahepatic and I.V. injections of a double‐stranded oligodeoxynucleotide decoy containing the TGF‐β regulatory element found in the distal promoter of the COL1A1 gene into worm‐infected mice suppressed TGF‐β1, COL1A1, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‐1, and decreased COL3A1 mRNAs to a lesser extent. Sequence comparisons within the mouse genome found homologous sequences within the COL3A1, TGF‐β1, and TIMP‐1 5′ flanking regions. Cold competition gel mobility shift assays using these homologous sequences with 5′ and 3′ flanking regions found in the natural COL1A1 gene showed competition. Competitive gel mobility assays in a separate experiment showed no competition using a 5‐base mutated or scrambled sequence. Explanted liver granulomas from saline‐injected mice incorporated 10.45 ± 1.7% 3H‐proline into newly synthesized collagen, whereas decoy‐treated mice showed no collagen synthesis. Compared with the saline control schistosomiasis mice phosphorothioate double‐stranded oligodeoxynucleotide treatment decreased total liver collagen content (i.e. hydroxy‐4‐proline) by 34%. This novel molecular approach has the potential to be employed as a novel antifibrotic treatment modality. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Catalytic wet oxidation of phenol with homogeneous iron salts
Authors: Vicente Jesús , Rosal Roberto , Díaz Mario 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe catalytic wet oxidation of phenol has been investigated in a 1 L semi‐batch reactor in the presence of both ferrous and ferric salts. Oxidation reactions follow first‐order kinetics with respect to phenol and half‐order kinetics with respect to dissolved oxygen. The activation energy for the reaction was 44.5 and 48.3 kJ mol−1 for runs employing Fe3+ and Fe2+, respectively. Rate constants and induction periods were also similar for both catalysts. This result could be explained by analysing the evolution of iron during the oxidation process. For pH > 2, Fe2+ was rapidly oxidized under reaction conditions to Fe3+, resulting in a unique catalytic redox system Fe2+/Fe3+. It was also shown that if pH < 2 the dissolved oxygen was unable to oxidize ferrous ion, resulting in a much slower oxidation rate of phenol. The absence of a redox pair resulted in a complete lack of catalytic activity of the dissolved iron salt. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Chitin production by Lactobacillus fermentation of shrimp biowaste in a drum reactor and its chemical conversion to chitosan
Authors: Rao Mukku Shrinivas , Stevens Willem F 
Published: May 2005

AbstractChitin was produced by fermenting shrimp heads and shells with Lactobacillus plantarum 541 in a drum reactor with an internal volume of 3 dm3. The crude chitin yield from heads and shells was 4.5 and 13% respectively, comparable to the values obtained by the chemical method. For shrimp heads 83% deproteination and 88% demineralisation and for shrimp shells 66% deproteination and 63% demineralisation were achieved. The liquor obtained in both cases was of good sensory quality with a high content of essential amino acids and therefore with potential to produce protein powder for human consumption. The crude chitin was refined and converted to chitosan using 12.5 M NaOH. The chitosan obtained had a residual ash and protein content below 1%, a solubility of more than 98%, a viscosity in the range 50–400 cP and a degree of deacetylation of 81–84%. The molecular weight was in the range (0.8–1.4) × 106 Da. IR analysis indicated that the chitosan obtained through fermentation was similar to that obtained by the chemical method. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Investigation of ethanol conversion for hydrogen fuel cells using computer simulations
Authors: Örücü Enis , Karakaya Mustafa , Avcı Ahmet K , Önsan Z İlsen 
Published: May 2005

AbstractEthanol conversion to hydrogen has been investigated by a series of thermodynamic analyses and computer simulations within the context of a cost‐effective fuel processor/fuel cell system where heat exchange is of great importance. Two different methods, multi‐reaction equilibria and Gibbs free energy minimisation, are used for the thermodynamic analyses. The computer simulations consider the catalytic conversion of ethanol to hydrogen on a bimetallic Pt–Ni catalyst by indirect partial oxidation (IPOX) which consists of total oxidation (TOX), steam reforming (SR) and water–gas shift (WGS) reactions. The results indicate that there is an optimal water:fuel ratio for maximum hydrogen production at each operating condition for hydrogen yields calculated as a percentage of the theoretical value. Mass‐based hydrogen yields are also presented considering fuel economy especially for vehicular applications. Finally, the benefits of using a secondary WGS reactor and the comparison of the results of the two thermodynamic methods are highlighted. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Assessment of optimal transduction of primary human skin keratinocytes by viral vectors
Authors: Gagnoux‐Palacios Laurent , Hervouet Catherine , Spirito Flavia , Roques Stephanie , Mezzina Mauro , Danos Olivier , Meneguzzi Guerrino 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBackgroundGenetically modified keratinocytes generate transplantable self‐renewing epithelia suitable for delivery of therapeutic polypeptides. However, the variety of viral vectors and experimental conditions currently used make fragmented or contradictory the information on the transduction efficiency of the human primary keratinocytes. To compare the suitability of the most currently used viral vectors for efficient gene transfer to human keratinocytes, we have performed a comparative study using a panel of recombinant constructs.MethodsFor each vector, the transduction efficiency and the persistence of the transgene expression were quantified by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry analysis of the infected cells.ResultsWe show that: (1) canine and human adenoviral vectors achieve a highly efficient but transient transduction of both primary and immortalized keratinocytes; (2) the adenovirus‐associated virus (AAV) vectors transduce immortalized keratinocytes, albeit with a short‐lived gene expression (<4 days), but fail to infect primary keratinocytes; and (3) under appropriate conditions, the oncoretroviral and lentiviral vectors can permanently transduce up to 100% of primary keratinocytes, but the highly clonogenic keratinocytes are more efficiently targeted by lentiviral vectors.ConclusionsTherefore, AAV vectors are unsuitable to transduce primary keratinocytes, while human and canine adenoviral vectors appears to be appropriate to achieve short‐term delivery of therapeutic products. Recombinant retroviruses provide sustained expression of the transgene, but the lentiviral vectors are the most suitable for ex vivo gene therapy because of their ability to transduce clonogenic primary keratinocytes. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pontine‐wave generator activation‐dependent memory processing of avoidance learning involves the dorsal hippocampus in the rat
Authors: Datta Subimal , Saha Subhash , Prutzman Sarah L. , Mullins Olivia J. , Mavanji Vijayakumar 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the dorsal hippocampus plays a critical role in pontine‐wave (P‐wave) generator activation‐dependent memory processing of two‐way active avoidance (TWAA) learning. To achieve this objective, rats were given small bilateral lesions in the CA1, dentate gyrus (DG), or CA3 region of the dorsal hippocampus by microinjecting ibotenic acid. After recovery, lesioned and sham‐lesioned rats were trained on a TWAA learning paradigm, allowed a 6‐hr period of undisturbed sleep, and then were tested on the same TWAA paradigm. It was found that lesions in the CA3 region impaired retention of avoidance learning. Conversely, lesions in the CA1 and DG regions had no effect on TWAA learning retention. None of the groups showed any changes in the baseline sleep–wake cycle or in the acquisition of TWAA learning. All rats showed increased rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and increased REM sleep P‐wave density during the subsequent 6‐hr recording period. Impaired retention in the CA3 group occurred despite an increase in REM sleep and P‐wave density, suggesting that during REM sleep, the P‐wave generator interacts with the CA3 region of the dorsal hippocampus to aid in consolidation of TWAA learning. The results of the present study thus demonstrate that P‐wave generator activation‐dependent consolidation of memory requires an intact CA3 subfield of the dorsal hippocampus. The results also provide evidence that under mnemonic pressure, the dorsal hippocampus may not be involved directly in regulating the sleep–wake cycle. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fabrication of Poly(lactic acid) Diacrylate Nanospheres with Double Bonds
Authors: Zhang Xian‐Zheng , Chu Chih‐Chang 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSummary: In this paper, unsaturated groups were introduced into poly(lactic acid) (PLA) for fabricating PLA‐based nanospheres with carbon‐carbon double bonds as functional groups. The morphology dependencies on fabrication conditions, including the fabrication time as well as the stirring rate, were also investigated.SEM‐EDX image of poly(lactic acid) diacrylate nanospheres after exposure to osmium tetroxide vapor for 14 h.magnified imageSEM‐EDX image of poly(lactic acid) diacrylate nanospheres after exposure to osmium tetroxide vapor for 14 h.
Quantitative analysis of the “warm‐up” phenomenon in myotonic dystrophy type 1
Authors: Logigian E. L. , Blood C. L. , Dilek N. , Martens W. B. , Moxley R. T. , Wiegner A. W. , Thornton C. A. , Moxley R. T. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractTo quantitate improvement in hand‐grip myotonia and muscle strength (i.e., the “warm‐up” phenomenon) in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), six successive, standardized maximum voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs) were recorded on 2 separate days using a computerized isometric hand‐grip myometer in 25 genetically confirmed DM1 patients and in 17 normal controls. An automated computer program placed cursors along the declining (relaxation) phase of the MVICs at 90%, 50%, and 5% of peak force (PF) and calculated relaxation times (RTs) between these points. Mean 90% to 5% RT (a measure of myotonia) rapidly declined from 2.5 s in MVIC 1 to 0.8 s in MVIC 6 (warm‐up = 1.7 s) in DM1; in controls, it remained 0.4 s for all six MVICs (warm‐up = 0). In DM1, 70% of warm‐up occurred between MVIC 1 and 2, almost exclusively in the terminal 50% to 5% phase of muscle relaxation. Day 1 warm‐up was highly correlated with the severity of myotonia, and with day 2 warm‐up. Improvement in myotonia was not accompanied by either transient paresis or improvement in PF. We conclude that, with this testing paradigm: warm‐up of myotonia in DM1 can be reliably measured; is proportional to severity of myotonia; occurs rapidly, being most prominent between the first and second grips; mainly results from shortening of the terminal phase of muscle relaxation; and is not accompanied by significant warm‐up in force output. Muscle Nerve, 2005
Oxaliplatin‐induced neurotoxicity and the development of neuropathy
Authors: Krishnan Arun V. , Goldstein David , Friedlander Michael , Kiernan Matthew C. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe pathophysiology of oxaliplatin‐induced neurotoxicity remains unclear, although in vitro studies suggest involvement of voltage‐gated Na+ channels. In the present study, clinical assessment was combined with nerve conduction studies (NCS) and nerve excitability studies in 16 patients after completion of oxaliplatin therapy. Chronic neuropathic symptoms persisted in 50% of patients. NCS confirmed abnormalities in symptomatic patients: sensory potentials were significantly low, whereas motor studies remained essentially normal. At 12‐month follow‐up of symptomatic patients, positive sensory symptoms improved but NCS abnormalities persisted. Cumulative oxaliplatin dose was a predictor of neuropathy, and long‐term effects appeared to be minimized by low single‐infusion dosages. Nerve excitability measures in symptomatic patients established that axons were of high threshold. Refractoriness was significantly greater in patients (symptomatic group, 56.3 ± 24.9%; entire patient group, 46.3 ± 12.5%; controls, 27.1 ± 1.9%; P < 0.05). Thus, although positive sensory symptoms of oxaliplatin‐induced neuropathy improved, negative sensory symptoms and abnormalities of sensory nerve conduction persisted. Differences in nerve excitability measures, particularly refractoriness, support in vitro studies indicating involvement of voltage‐gated transient Na+‐channel dysfunction in the development of oxaliplatin‐induced neurotoxicity. Muscle Nerve, 2005
A novel approach to protein expression profiling using antibody microarrays combined with surface plasmon resonance technology
Authors: Usui‐Aoki Kazue , Shimada Kiyo , Nagano Mihoko , Kawai Makoto , Koga Hisashi 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe have previously described our systems for the high‐throughput production of antibodies against mouse KIAA proteins and their validation (Proteomics 2004, 4, 1412–1416). Using our “libraries” of antibodies, we established a novel antibody microarray system in which surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology is utilized for signal detection. Up to 400 real‐time antibody‐target bindings could be measured simultaneously within a single hour. This rapid detection was achieved by direct readout of the bindings using SPR technology. To evaluate our system, we assessed the reproducibility on crude protein samples and obtained satisfactorily reproducible results, exhibiting correlation values >0.92. Using this SPR‐based antibody microarray system, we examined mKIAA protein expression in five different adult mouse tissues and identified the specific tissue expression patterns of several mKIAA proteins.
MSight: An image analysis software for liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Palagi Patricia M. , Walther Daniel , Quadroni Manfredo , Catherinet Sébastien , Burgess Jennifer , Zimmermann‐Ivol Catherine G. , Sanchez Jean‐Charles , Binz Pierre‐Alain , Hochstrasser Denis F. , Appel Ron D. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractImages obtained from high‐throughput mass spectrometry (MS) contain information that remains hidden when looking at a single spectrum at a time. Image processing of liquid chromatography‐MS datasets can be extremely useful for quality control, experimental monitoring and knowledge extraction. The importance of imaging in differential analysis of proteomic experiments has already been established through two‐dimensional gels and can now be foreseen with MS images. We present MSight, a new software designed to construct and manipulate MS images, as well as to facilitate their analysis and comparison.
Spot overlapping in two‐dimensional maps: A serious problem ignored for much too long
Authors: Campostrini Natascia , Areces Liliana B. , Rappsilber Juri , Pietrogrande Maria Chiara , Dondi Francesco , Pastorino Fabio , Ponzoni Mirco , Righetti Pier Giorgio 
Published: May 2005

AbstractIn the analysis of a neuroblastoma xenograft implanted in mice using two‐dimensional maps, some 85 proteins were found to be up‐ or down‐regulated (out of a total of 264 detected by a medium‐sensitivity colloidal Coomassie stain). When these spots were eluted and analysed by mass spectrometry in a quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometer, a number of spots were found to be envelopes of different polypeptide chains. Out of a total of 74 proteins identified, 52 (71%) were found to be singlets, 14 (19%) were doublets, 6 (8%) were triplets, 1 was a quadruplet and 1 a quintuplet. Analysis of the ΔpIand ΔMrof all species contained in a single gel segment eluted helped point out potential errors in protein identification. This was a unique case, in that very minute bioptic sample loads were applied to the gel. In normal cases, where sample loads ofca.1 mg of total protein are applied and typically at least 1000 spots are visualised, the singlets will be the minority, rarely exceeding 30% of all spots analysed. The experimental data on the abundance of overlapping spots were in excellent agreement with theoretical data calculated on the basis of the statistical theory of spot overlapping, originally proposed by Davis and further developed by some of the authors. Ways and means for minimizing spot overlap and visualising a greater number of spots in a two‐dimensional map are discussed.
Kinetic characterization of sequencing grade modified trypsin
Authors: Finehout Erin J. , Cantor Jason R. , Lee Kelvin H. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractPrior to analysis by mass spectrometry, protein samples are often digested. Maximizing the peptide yield from digestion can increase the number of peptides detected and the confidence in protein identification. To determine the optimal conditions for digestion, the Michaelis‐Menten kinetic parameters for Promega sequencing grade modified trypsin were measured over a range of temperatures and pHs. The results indicate that an increase in digestion temperature above 37°C, the temperature traditionally used in digestion methods, could offer an increase in peptides detected.
Ultra‐high sensitivity multi‐photon detection imaging in proteomics analyses
Authors: Kleiner Oliver , Price David A. , Ossetrova Natasha , Osetrov Sergei , Volkovitsky Peter , Drukier Andrzej K. , Godovac‐Zimmermann Jasminka 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe report on the use of 125I and 131I labeling and of new, multicolor, multi‐photon detection (MPD) methods to routinely and quantitatively detect protein spots on two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis plates in the zeptomole to attomole range. We demonstrate that the MPD methodology can be used to detect radioactive labels on two‐dimensional gels and has several characteristics that are advantageous for functional proteomics. First, by using single particle detectors, the sensitivity for detection of radiolabels can be improved dramatically. Second, because single particle detectors can differentiate the particle energies produced by different decay processes, it is possible to choose combinations of radioisotopes that can be detected and quantified individually on the same 2‐D gel. Third, the MPD technology is essentially linear over six to seven orders of magnitude, i.e., it is possible to accurately quantify radiolabeled proteins over a range from at least 60 zeptomoles to 60 femtomoles. Finally for radionuclides that decay by electron capture, e.g., with emission of both beta and gamma rays, co‐incident detection of two particles/photons can be used to detect such radionuclides well below background radiation levels. These methods are used to monitor acidic/phosphorylated proteins in as little as 60 ng of HeLa cells proteins.