bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutrition Label Training among College Students: A Novel Approach
Authors: Miller Lisa Soederberg , Sutter Carolyn , Applegate Elizabeth , Wilson Machelle , Beckett Laurel , Gibson Tanja 
Published: November 2023

College years represent an important developmental period in which young adults learn how to make dietary choices independent of parents and guardians. Nutrition labels are a potentially important tool for navigating these choices within the context of broader food literacy skills. However, many college students do not regularly use labels and may be unprepared to interpret information in nutrition labels. Moreover, we know surprisingly little about the modifiability of nutrition label reading skills in college students.In the present study, we trained 140 college students (ages 18–29, 61% female, with an average of 14.6 years of education) on a nutrition label task to determine whether accuracy of healthfulness decisions could be increased with practice. Our approach incorporated three components which are well‐supported in the cognitive science literature on skill development: prior information, practice, and accuracy feedback. We manipulated the content of a brief tutorial prior to label training to determine whether training may be more effective among those who receive background information on nutrition in addition to background information on nutrition labels (longer) relative to those who receive background information on only the nutrition label information (shorter). The practice component centered on three practice blocks of nutrition label comparisons. Students compared two nutrition labels, presented side‐by‐side on a computer screen, to determine which was more healthful. Feedback was presented after each comparison, as well as at the end of each block of 24 comparisons.Results showed that accuracy in comparing nutrition labels increased across blocks, with greater increases for students who received the longer relative to shorter tutorial. Accuracy was highest for comparisons with to‐be‐limited nutrient changes and for comparisons without distracting counter changes. Speed in completing blocks also increased with practice. In conclusion, following a brief tutorial, college students increased the accuracy and efficiency with which they used nutrition labels to evaluate healthfulness in one practice session. Future work is needed to determine if greater efficiency can continue to improve with additional training, and in the long‐term, translate into more healthful food choices.Support or Funding InformationNational Institutes of Health (NIH), R01CA159447 National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), #UL1 TR000002
Stress, Shift Duty and Eating Behavior among Nurses in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: ALMAJWAL ALI M 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesStress and shift work are both factors that influence nurses’ eating behavior. This study investigated the association between stress, shift work and change in eating behavior among non‐Saudi female nurses working in Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaMethodsA sample of 395 non‐Saudi female nurses from two major hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia participated in this cross sectional study. The nurses completed a questionnaire from November 2013 through January 2014 that included items relating to stress and eating behavior using the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ). The questionnaire also contained items pertaining to socio‐demographic data, body mass index (BMI), shift work and hours worked per week.ResultsFor all eating styles, stress and shift duty influenced the amount of food nurses consumed, but was more significant under a restrained eating style. Under this eating style, a significantly higher percentage of nurses reported eating more fast food, snacks and binging, while fruits and vegetables were the least likely to be eaten under stress. High stressed nurses were more likely to present with abnormal restrained eating (Or = 1.52, p=0.004), emotional (OR = 1.24; p=0.001) and external (OR = 1.21; p=0.001) DEBQ scores. Working nighttime shift duty was positively associated with restrained eating (OR = 1.53; p=0.029); and emotional eating (OR=1.24; 0.001), but negatively associated with external eating (OR=0.45; p=0.001).ConclusionOur findings suggest that stress and shift duty were associated with eating habits.Support or Funding InformationDeanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia ‐ Research Group Project number 193
Morphometry of the right central sulcus and its possible clinical correlations
Authors: Camara Eduardo Poletti , de Souza Pinto Antonio José Assis Xavier , Tavares Marcelo Rodrigo , Fazan Valéria Paula Sassoli , Castro Renato Ortolani Marcondes , Guimarāes Matheus Donnard 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionThe right central sulcus separates the parietal right of frontal lobe. It is flanked by two parallel spins, an earlier, pre‐central gyrus, and a later, post‐central gyrus. Also called central right fissure, it was originally called the right Rolando fissure or right rolandic fissure, named after Luigi Rolando.ObjectiveTo carry out the morphometry of the amplitude of the right central sulcus looking for a standardization of its measurement and its possible relevant clinical relations.Materials and MethodsThe authors conducted morphometry of the right central sulcus through manual caliper in 30 human brains (n = 30), of the anatomical center I at University José do Rosário Vellano (Alfenas‐MG), set by local conservation methods. The pictures were taken with a camera of 8 MP and a resolution of 3264 × 2448 pixel.Resultsit was found that there was a predominance of the 64 mm full amplitude value to the right of the central sulcus, corresponding for 20% incidence.ConclusionThe study aims to carry out the standardization of the measurement of the right central sulcus and its prevalence rate in human brains of the population, it was hypothesized a possible change of morphology in the right central sulcus of individuals who have experienced trauma. Since the demand for ancient corpses guess necropsy, which generally evidenced brain injury trauma of the ptérion region affecting the middle meningeal artery, accompanied by pressure intracranial increased, subdural hematoma and compression of parietal and frontal lobe, affecting both the portion motor and sensory.
Sodium in the Retail and Restaurant Food Environment – Guam, 2015
Authors: Jackson Sandra L , VanFrank Brenna K , Lundeen Elizabeth A , Harmon Brittani , Uncangco Alyssa , King Sallyann Coleman , Cogswell Mary E 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveCompared to the United States overall, Guamhas higher mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and stroke. Excess sodium intake can increase blood pressure and CVD risk. Recognizing that the nutrition environment may be contributing to CVD burden, the Guam Department of Public Health and Social Services conducted a nutrition environment assessment to determine the availability and promotion of lower‐sodium options in retail and restaurant environments.DesignThe assessment, conducted in September 2015, used previously validated tools adapted to include sodium measures and local foods. Stores (n=114) and restaurants (n=63) were randomly sampled from each of three regions (North, Central, South) for assessment and available managers were interviewed. Nine commonly available products were assessed to determine availability of lower‐ and regular‐sodium options in stores. Restaurant managers were asked about their perceptions of supports and barriers for offering lower‐sodium foods. Assessments with complete data for sodium measures were included (100 stores, 62restaurants, and 31 restaurant manager interviews). Analyses, including univariate and bivariate statistics, were weighted to account for the disproportionate stratified sampling design.ResultsOf the products selected for assessment, fewer lower‐sodium versus regular‐sodium options were offered in stores (p<0.001). Small stores (1 cash register) were less likely than large stores (≥ 2 cash registers) to offer lower‐sodium choices, such as reduced sodium soy sauce (p<0.001) or hot dogs (p<0.001). In stores offering both options, reduced sodium soy sauce cost more than regular soy sauce (p<0.001). No surveyed restaurants promoted sodium reduction in displays or table tents (0%) and few posted sodium information at the point‐of‐purchase (3%), identified lower‐sodium menu items (1%), or had salt‐substitute shakers (7%) or reduced sodium soy sauce bottles (3%) on tables. However, 65% of restaurant managers surveyed were aware and supportive of efforts to reduce sodium intake in Guam.ConclusionsImproving the availability and promotion of lower‐sodium foods in stores and restaurants could support healthier eating in Guam.
Synergistic Effects of Retromer Deficiency and High Fat Diet on Mouse Cognitive Function
Authors: Erion Joanna Ruth , Tang Fu‐Lei , Mei Lin , Xiong Wen‐Cheng 
Published: November 2023

The retromer complex plays a critical role in endosome to trans‐Golgi retrieval of various transmembrane proteins. Vacuolar protein sorting‐associated protein 35 (VPS35), a critical component of the retromer cargo‐recognition subunit, has been implicated in neurodegenerative disease pathology. Our lab has previously shown that VPS35 deficiency exacerbates Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pathology in a mouse model of AD. As high fat diet consumption and metabolic syndrome are risk factors for neurodegenerative pathology and impaired cognitive function, we investigated if there is any synergistic effect between VPS35‐deficiency and dietary risk factors on AD‐relevant neuropathology. VPS35+/m mice were fed either standard control diet or high fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. Weight gain, fasting glucose, and glucose metabolism were measured weekly. VPS35 deficiency was found to alter glucose metabolism at an early age but to have no long‐term effect on glucose metabolism. HFD was found to extend the time frame of this effect by one week. To investigate synergistic effects on cognitive function, VPS35+/m mice were subjected to behavioral analysis following 10–12 weeks of control or HFD. A combined effect of VPS35 deficiency and HFD was observed in some, but not all, behavioral paradigms examined. Future studies will be necessary to identify the differential effects of VPS35 deficiency on cognitive function, which brain regions might most be affected by VPS35 deficiency following HFD, and the molecular nature of their synergistic effect.Support or Funding InformationSupport & funding provided by: Augusta University, Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine; Medical College of Georgia, Department of Neurology; National Institutes of Health National Institute on Aging; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center
Novel Form of Curcumin Improves Endothelial Function in Young, Healthy Individuals
Authors: Oliver Jonathan Michael , Caldwell Aaron , Sanders Elizabeth , Rowlands David , Purpura Martin , Jäger Ralf 
Published: November 2023

It is known that endothelial dysfunction (ED) may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). ED can be measured as a decreased flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) response, using occlusion and subsequent dilation response of the brachial artery. Increased levels of inflammatory molecules contribute to ED, and increase CVD. Curcumin, a highly pleiotropic molecule, interacts with multiple inflammatory pathways primarily by inhibiting the IκB Kinase (IKK) signaling complex thereby preventing the activation of nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB). However, poor solubility and rapid metabolism may limit benefits. CurcuWIN®, a novel curcumin formulation containing 20% curcuminoids (CUR), resulted in 45.9 fold greater absorption over standard curcumin. This current study sought to examine the effect of differing doses of a novel form of curcumin on FMD. Fifty‐nine moderately trained men (n=30; 21±2 years; 173.8±20.0 cm; 79.4±11.0 kg) and women (n=29; 21±2 years; 164.9±6.5 cm; 60.1±8.0 kg) were randomly assigned to ingest 50 mg CUR (in the form of 250 mg CurcuWIN®), 200 mg CUR (in the form of 1000 mg CurcuWIN®), or placebo (PLA) for eight weeks in a double‐blind, randomized, placebo controlled parallel design. ANOVA and paired t‐tests were used to examine differences followed by magnitude based inference. Subsequently, a subset analyses was performed on subjects with a baseline FMD ≤7%. An improvement of magnitude (Effect size [ES] = 0.67) of FMD was observed in those receiving 200mg CUR (Pre, 7.6±3.2%; Post, ↑10.4±3.5%; p=0.011). FMD improvement (↑2.8±3.3%) was beneficial compared to PLA (↓−0.8±5.4%; p=0.020). No change was observed in those receiving 50MG CUR (Pre, 8.2±3.3%; Post, ↑9.1±2.7%; p=0.405). Twenty‐five (PLA, n=8; 50MG, n=7; 200MG, n=10) had baseline FMD <7%. Supplementation resulted in improvement of very large magnitude (ES > 2.0) in those receiving 50MG (Pre, 4.9±1.4%; Post, 8.1±1.6%; p=0.029) and 200MG (Pre, 5.2±1.1%; Post, ↑8.9±3.5%; p=0.005). These data demonstrate 200mg CUR improves FMD (endothelial function) in healthy young subjects. Further, in those with baseline FMD ≤7% FMD (at risk) 50mg CUR and 200mg CUR improves endothelial function. Given every 1% increase in FMD reduces cardiovascular disease risk by 9–17%; further research in clinical populations is recommended to clarify the true nature of the effect and potential mechanism(s).Support or Funding InformationOmniActive Health Technologies Ltd. Mumbai, India
The protective effect of Aplysin on ethanol‐induced liver damage via modulation of liver Kupffer cell function and altered intestinal flora in rats
Authors: Liang Hui , Liu Yin , Wang Wencheng , Su Ai , Ge Na , Zhang Hua‐qi , Han Lei 
Published: November 2023

Aplysin, a member of the bromine‐sesquiterpene compounds family, was mainly extracted from red alga Laurencia tristicha. This study aimed to explore the effects of Aplysin on rat liver, intestine, Kupffer cells and intestinal flora in rats exposed to alcohol. Rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control group, ethanol‐model group, and Aplysin‐treated group. Except control group, rats were exposed to ethanol at dose of 6 g/kg/d for first four weeks, then 8 g/kg/d for last four weeks. One hour after that, Aplysin‐treated group was given oral administration of Aplysin at 150 mg/kg/bw on a daily basis. After 8 weeks, the rats were sacrificed and liver and intestine were collected for histological and biochemical assessments, plasma was collected for endotoxin level measurement with commercial kit, primary rat Kupffer cell cultures were established for measuring expression of CD14, TLR4 and NF‐kB using RT‐PCR and production of TNF‐α and IL‐1β in liver Kupffer cells using ELISA. Fecal samples were collected for quantitative analysis of intestinal floras. We found that Aplysin reduced the alcohol‐induced hepatic and intestinal histopathological changes and plasma endotoxin levels, and also suppressed the elevation of biomarkers for liver damage (AST, ALT, ALP, CHE and GGT). In primary Kupffer cell cultures, asplysin significantly decreased expression of CD14, TLR4, and NF‐kB as well as production of TNF‐α and IL‐1β. In addition, Aplysin significantly affected the changes in intestinal floras, including Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. In conclusion, Aplysin exerted potent liver‐protective effect, which is associated with modulation of Kupffer cells function and altered intestinal flora.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by Grants from the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No.81573137) and Dietary Nutrition Research and Education Foundation of Danone Nutrition Center (No. DIC2014‐03)
Model Fermentation of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) can Produce Similar Microbial and Chemical Quality of Cocoa Compared to Conventional On‐Farm Cocoa Fermentation
Authors: Lee Andrew H , Steger Daniel , Neilson Andrew P , O'keefe Sean F , Ogejo Jactone Arogo , Stewart Amanda C 
Published: November 2023

Polyphenols in cocoa beans contribute from 12 to 18% dry weight of the whole bean. The major constituent polyphenols in cocoa are catechins (37%), procyanidins (58%) and anthocyanins (4%). Despite the high content of polyphenols in cocoa, cocoa processing including fermentation significantly affects the composition and concentration of polyphenols. Study of cocoa fermentation at the laboratory scale is challenging since industrial cocoa fermentation requires at least 25 kg of fresh wet beans to achieve the proper conditions for fermentation. In this study, dried unfermented cocoa bean and a simulated pulp were used as substrate for laboratory scale fermentation. Microbial and chemical characteristics were monitored over the course of fermentation. Commercially available dried unfermented cocoa bean was first rehydrated with water and then mixed with simulated pulp media developed to ensure the growth of yeast, lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria, the essential microorganisms for cocoa fermentation. A temperature profile similar to on‐farm cocoa fermentation was acheived using a laboratory incubator. Aeration by shaking the fermentation box at 150 rpm promoted growth of acetic acid bacteria. As a result, internal pH of the cocoa bean decreased from pH 5.73 to pH 4.8 over 7 days of fermentation. By using selective and differential media, yeast growth reached 5.28 × 108 CFU/ml at day 4 and anaerobic bacteria was detected from day 1 and reached the highest concentration of 3.16 × 109 CFU/ml at day 4. Aerobic bacteria was also detected from day 1 and increased gradually to reach a maximum of 2.29 × 109 CFU/ml at day 4. Total concentration of procyanidin (mean ± STDEV) in fermented cocoa bean was analyzed using 4‐Dimethylaminocinnemaldehyde (DMAC) method. Total procyanidin decreased by 64% from day 0 to day 7 (day 0: 0.19 ± 0.01 g procyanidin B2 equivalents/g cocoa extract, day 7: 0.07 ± 0.01 g procyanidin B2 equivalents/g cocoa extract). Folin‐Ciocalteu colorimetric method was performed to determine the total polyphenol content (mean ± STDEV) during fermentation and a 33% decrease was observed from day 0 to day 7 (day 0: 3.63 ± 0.2 g gallic acid equivalents/g cocoa extract, day 7: 2.45 ± 0.2 g gallic acid equivalents/g cocoa extract). The cocoa fermentation model developed in this study will be further employed to evaluate the effect of fermentation conditions on concentration and composition of bioactive compounds and bioactivity thereof in cocoa.Support or Funding InformationVirginia Agricultural Experiment Station salary and startup support for A. Stewart
Mechanism of Anti‐aging and Oxidative Stress Regulation Effect by Marine Fish oil and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid
Authors: ZHANG YU , CHEN JINGNAN , JIAO JINGJING 
Published: November 2023

The aim of this study was to systematically investigate the mechanism of anti‐aging effect by marine fish oil and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and to expand a novel function for fish oil based nutrition food. Based on the D‐galactose‐induced aging mice model, the anti‐aging effect of fish oil abundant in n−3 and n−6 PUFA, docosahexenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) were investigated while vitamin E was considered as the positive control. The state of in vivo redox and oxidative stress was evaluated in low, moderate and high dose groups for each sample after 8‐week oral gavage administration. Results indicated that (i) the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was improved by 5%–50% in liver and 20%–60% in heart via the effect of both fish oil and PUFA monomers while the SOD activity could also be increased by 30% in brain via the effect of fish oil only (P<0.05); (ii) the 8‐isoprostane (8‐iso‐PGF2) level in plasma was reduced by 20%–80% (P<0.05); (iii) the malonaldehyde (MDA) level and the monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity in brain were reduced by 16%–60% and 50%–90%, respectively (P<0.05); and (iv) the catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activities in liver and serum were both significantly improved in some of groups. Further study showed that the anti‐aging effect of fish oil is superior to the effect of PUFA monomers. The n−6 PUFA induced nutritional response in various tissues was more sensitive than n−3 PUFA induced response. The anti‐aging effect of PUFA should be comprehensively considered by both own positive functionality and negative non‐safety of peroxidation products. Overall, marine fish oil and PUFA exert their anti‐aging effect via regulating in vivo redox state and oxidative stress level.Support or Funding InformationNational Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 31201307)
Dairy milk microRNAs resist in vitro digestion in a gastro‐intestinal tract model
Authors: Benmoussa abderrahim , Lee Chan Ho Chris , Laffont Benoit , Savard Patricia , Boilard Eric , Gilbert Caroline , Fliss Ismaïl , Provost Patrick 
Published: November 2023

MicroRNAs are small, gene regulatory non‐coding RNA species that are present in large amounts in milk where they seem to be protected against degradative conditions, presumably because of their association with exosomes. We monitored the relative stability of commercial dairy milk microRNAs, under the gastrointestinal (GI) tract conditions that prevails during digestion, and examined their association with extracellular vesicles (EVs). To do so, we used a computer‐controlled TNO in vitro GI model (TIM‐1) and analyzed, by quantitative PCR (qPCR), the level of two milk microRNAs within all GI tract compartments at different time points. MicroRNA‐containing EVs within digested and non‐digested samples were studied by immunoblotting, dynamic light scattering, qPCR and density measurements. We observed that an important proportion of dairy milk bta‐miR‐223 and bta‐miR‐125b withstand digestion under simulated GI tract conditions, with the stomach causing the greater loss in microRNAs. A significant amount of these two microRNAs (~108–109 copies/300 ml milk) was detected in the upper small intestine compartments, which supports their bioavailability. A protocol optimized for the enrichment of dairy milk exosomes yielded a 100,000 g pellet fraction positive for the exosomal marker Tumor susceptibility gene‐101 (TSG‐101) and containing bta‐miR‐223 and bta‐miR‐125b. This approach, based on successive ultracentrifugation steps, also revealed the existence of TSG‐101 negative EVs that are larger than exosomes and more enriched in bta‐miR‐223 and bta‐miR‐125b. Our findings indicate that commercial dairy milk contains numerous microRNAs that can resist digestion and are associated mostly with non‐exosomal EVs. Our results strengthen the idea that milk microRNAs are bioactive compounds in dairy milk, support the existence of interspecies transfer of microRNAs based on milk consumption, and challenge our current view of exosomes as the sole carriers of milk‐derived microRNAs.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by Grants No. 319618 and 327522 from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), through the Institute of Genetics (to P.P.).