bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal linear perfect hash families with small parameters
Authors: Barwick S. G. , Jackson Wen‐Ai , Quinn Catherine T. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA linear (qd,q,t)‐perfect hash family of sizesconsists of a vector spaceVof orderqdover a fieldFof orderqand a sequence ϕ1,…,ϕsof linear functions fromVtoFwith the following property: for alltsubsetsX⊆V, there existsi∈ {1,·,s} such that ϕiis injective when restricted toF. A linear (qd,q,t)‐perfect hash family of minimal sized( – 1) is said to be optimal. In this paper, we prove that optimal linear (q2,q, 4)‐perfect hash families exist only forq = 11 and for all prime powersq> 13 and we give constructions for these values ofq. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comb Designs 12: 311–324, 2004
Cube factorizations of complete graphs
Authors: Adams Peter , Bryant Darryn , Maenhaut Barbara 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA cube factorization of the complete graph on n vertices, Kn, is a 3‐factorization of Kn in which the components of each factor are cubes. We show that there exists a cube factorization of Kn if and only if n ≡ 16 (mod 24), thus providing a new family of uniform 3‐factorizations as well as a partial solution to an open problem posed by Kotzig in 1979. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Block transitive Steiner systems with more than one point orbit
Authors: Evans David M. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor all ‘reasonable’ finitet,k, ands, we construct at‐(ℵ0,k, 1) design and a group of automorphisms which is transitive on blocks and hassorbits on points. In particular, there is a 2‐(ℵ0, 4, 1) design with a block‐transitive group of automorphisms having two point orbits. This answers a question of P. J. Cameron and C. E. Praeger. The construction is presented in a purely combinatorial way, but is a by‐product of a new way of looking at a model‐theoretic construction of E. Hrushovski. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Elastase: A predictive marker of inflammation and/or infection
Authors: Mania‐Pramanik Jayanti , Potdar Shobha S. , Vadigoppula Ashok , Sawant Shankar 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe present study was undertaken to estimate elastase in biological fluids and assess its usefulness as an indicator of inflammation/infection. Elastase was measured in seminal plasma, serum, urine, and cervical specimens using a specific substrate and was expressed in arbitrary units (AU). It was found to be stable over a period of 3 weeks. The intra‐ and interassay variation of elastase assay was between 2.3 to 6.8% and 7.3 to 9.9%, respectively. The assay was validated by comparing it with other methods that are available for the detection of infections. Sensitivity of the assay indicating inflammation/infection in these samples varied between 70.9 to 87.3%. The results obtained suggest that the presence of elastase in specimens may be used as a nonspecific indicator and could be used to screen inflammation/infection in a limited resource setting. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 18:153–158, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determining shelf life by comparing degradations at elevated temperatures
Authors: Magari Robert T. , Munoz‐Antoni Ileana , Baker Jennifer , Flagler Daniel J. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe degradation of a biological product follows a specific pattern that depends on the kinetics of the chemical reaction. For most biological and pharmaceutical products, accelerated stability tests are preferred to establish shelf life. We describe a new approach for accelerated stability tests, for situations in which the Arrhenius equation is not appropriate. This approach consists of estimating stability at elevated temperatures and comparing these results with the stability estimates for a similar product with a known shelf life. In this article, “Test” refers to Immuno‐Trol™ Low Cells, and “Control” (the product with a known shelf life) refers to Immuno‐Trol™ Cells. The degradation rates and stabilities at elevated temperatures of three antigens of the Test are estimated and compared to their respective Control values. Most of the degradation occurs at the beginning of the experimental period and then slows down until it levels off to form a plateau at the minimum level. Both Control and Test showed similar degradation patterns at three elevated temperatures, indicating that they both have the same mechanism of degradation. Thus, it is expected that they will degrade similarly at storage temperature and have nonsignificantly different shelf lives. The approach for accelerated stability testing discussed here is applicable to situations in which the Arrhenius equation is not appropriate, and the chemical properties of both the Test and Control products are similar. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 18:159–164, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Change in relative mobility of M protein following neuraminidase treatment in patients with multiple myeloma and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
Authors: Kurihara Yuriko , Iijima Shiro , Fukushima Kouhei , Hosaka Toshiaki , Shiba Kiyoko 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between the relative mobility of M protein in various disease states using cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis. To examine the carbohydrate chain of the M protein, sera from patients with multiple myeloma (MM), various cancers, and benign disease were treated with neuraminidase.The relative mobility in benign disease and MM patient sera following neuraminidase treatment varied among individuals, while that of IgG M protein in sera from cancer patients was from 0.2 to 0.3. Thus, the relative mobility in cancer patients was narrower than in those with MM or benign disease.However, after neuraminidase treatment, there was no significant difference between relative mobility in cancer patient's sera and those in other disease patients. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 18:182–186, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Measurement of faecal immunoglobulin a levels in young children
Authors: Dion Carine , Montagne Paul , Bene Marie Christine , Faure Gilbert 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA nephelometric immunoassay was developed to quantify immunoglobulin A (IgA) in children's stools. This method enables IgA in faecal protein extracts to be measured over a large range of concentrations (1.61–51.50 mg/L) with good accuracy (linear recovery in dilution‐overloading assay) and precision (within‐ and between‐run coefficients of variation (CVs) of 1–6%). An excellent recovery (105%) was obtained in stool samples overloaded by purified colostral IgA, demonstrating that the method used for faecal IgA extraction is adapted, not to induce significant IgA degradation, and probably allow a complete extraction of IgA. The amount of faecal IgA, as determined in stool samples from 125 children (6–24 months old), was an average of 14 mg per 100 g of stools (about 10% of the total protein stool content), with large individual variation (3–30 mg per 100 g of stools). No correlation was observed between faecal IgA amounts and the children's age or sex. Such an immunoassay could enable exhaustive noninvasive investigations of the maturation of the intestinal immune system, as well as accurate studies of the effect of oral dietary supplementation on IgA regulation. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 18:195–199, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical evaluation of cobas core anti‐dsDNA EIA quant
Authors: González Concepción , Guevara Paloma , García‐Berrocal Belén , Alejandro Navajo José , Manuel González‐Buitrago José 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe measurement of antibodies to double‐stranded DNA (anti‐dsDNA) is a useful tool for the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with connective tissue diseases, particularly systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The aim of the present study was to compare a new enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the measurement of anti‐dsDNA antibodies, which uses purified double‐stranded plasmid DNA as the antigen (anti‐dsDNA EIA Quant; Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany), with an established ELISA. The clinical usefulness of this new ELISA was also assessed. We measured anti‐dsDNA antibodies in 398 serum samples that were divided into four groups: 1) routine samples sent to our laboratory for an antinuclear antibody (ANA) test (n=229), 2) samples from blood donors (n=74), 3) samples from patients with SLE (n=48), and 4) samples from patients with other autoimmune diseases (n=47). The methods used were the Cobas Core Anti‐dsDNA EIA Quant (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany) and the Anti‐dsDNA test (Gull Diagnostics, Bois d'Arcy, France). We obtained a kappa index and Spearman correlation coefficient in the comparative study, and sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and likelihood ratios in the clinical study. The results obtained show a good agreement between the two methods in both the qualitative results (κ=0.91) and the quantitative data (r=0.854). The best accuracy, predictive values, likelihood ratios, and correlation with active disease were obtained with the Roche anti‐dsDNA assay. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 18:200–205, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Levels of urinary matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) and renal injuries in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Tashiro Kyoichi , Koyanagi Ichiro , Ohara Ikko , Ito Takamichi , Saitoh Akemi , Horikoshi Satoshi , Tomino Yasuhiko 
Published: April 2004

AbstractTo determine correlations among the levels of urinary MMP‐9 and type‐IV collagen, hyperglycemia, urinary protein excretion, and renal injuries in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy, we measured levels of urinary MMP‐9 and protein, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (s‐Cr), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and glycohemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in 47 diabetic patients and 14 healthy adults. Urinary type‐IV collagen was also measured in 28 diabetic patients and seven healthy adults. Patients with diabetic nephropathy were divided into two groups: 1) patients with normoalbuminuria or microalbuminuria (0–299 mg/g·Cr; n=27), and 2) patients with macroalbuminuria (>300 mg/g·Cr; n=20). The mean level of urinary MMP‐9 in group 2 was significantly higher than those in healthy adults (P<0.05), and the levels of urinary MMP‐9 in patients with diabetic nephropathy increased in accordance with the clinical stage of the disease. The levels of urinary MMP‐9 tended to be correlated with HbA1c in these patients, but the correlation was not statistically significant. The mean level of urinary type‐IV collagen in group 2 of patients with diabetic nephropathy was significantly higher than that in group 1 and healthy adults. Levels of urinary type‐IV collagen in patients with diabetic nephropathy also increased in accordance with the clinical stage of the disease. The results suggest that measurements of urinary MMP‐9, as well as urinary type‐IV collagen, may be useful for evaluating the degree of renal injuries in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy, especially in the early stage. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 18:206–210, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sero epidemiology of Bordetella pertussis immune responses in a healthy population in northern Greece
Authors: Polyzou A. , Pournaras S. , Dafni U. , Sofianou D. , Christeli E. , Patrinos S. , Tsakris A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA seroepidemiological study was conducted on a representative sample of the northern Greek population (healthy individuals, age range=1 day to 80 years) to assess the prevalence of antibodies to pertussis toxin (PT) and filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA). Antibody concentrations were significantly elevated with age (analysis of variance (ANOVA), P<0.001). In addition, a significant increase in antibody levels was detected in subjects >50 years old compared to children aged 5–10 years (post‐hoc Scheffe analysis, P=0.007). These data suggest that pertussis occurs frequently in Greek adults, and that sometimes a fifth booster vaccine dose is not given after the second year of life. Routine revaccination with the acellular vaccine for children >4 years of age, adolescents, and adults should be considered in order to ensure effective protection of the whole population. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 18:211–214, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Environmental assessment in early process development
Authors: Biwer Arno , Heinzle Elmar 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA short‐cut method for environmental assessment during process development is presented. The method can deal with data uncertainties in early phases, includes all relevant environmental impacts, and is simple and easy to apply. Therefore, it can be used in early phases of process development. The environmental relevance of each substance is represented by the Environmental Factors. These factors are derived from 14 impact categories, where each compound is classified using an ABC methodology. The impact categories are then grouped into six impact groups: Resources, Grey Input, Component Risk, Organisms, Air and Water/Soil. From these, input and output environmental factors are deduced. This factor is combined with mass balance data to yield a number of indices that can be used to optimize the environmental performance of a process in an integrated manner. The method is applied to three case studies: a comparison of chemical and biotechnological production of 6‐aminopenicillanic acid, a comparison of two process alternatives in the enzymatic production of α‐cyclodextrin and the development of a new process for the fermentative production of pyruvate. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Utilizing ultraviolet photooxidation as a pre‐treatment of volatile organic compounds upstream of a biological gas cleaning operation
Authors: Koh Loo‐Hwa , Kuhn David CS , Mohseni Madjid , Allen D Grant 
Published: April 2004

AbstractLaboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the potential to utilize ultraviolet (UV) photooxidation as a pre‐treatment to render recalcitrant volatile organic compounds into more biodegradable compounds. α‐Pinene was selected due to its low water solubility and low biodegradability. α‐Pinene‐contaminated gaseous streams with inlet loadings between 250 and 2500 g m−3 h−1 were passed through an annular reactor equipped with a UV lamp that emitted light at 254 nm and 185 nm wavelengths. The outlet stream containing UV photooxidation intermediates was then sparged through nanopure water that was then analyzed for its total organic carbon (TOC) content and subjected to batch biodegradability tests. UV photooxidation effectively degraded α‐pinene with a maximum removal rate of about 700 g m−3 h−1. The removal rate followed first order kinetics at low inlet loadings (less than 1200 g m−3 h−1) and approached zero order behavior at higher inlet loadings. The principal oxidizing species in the reactor was ozone. Of the total α‐pinene removed, measured as TOC, 50% was converted to water‐soluble and more biodegradable intermediates. The biodegradability of the resultant intermediates was similar to that of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), which is 3–30 times more biodegradable than α‐pinene. These results show that the use of UV photooxidation is a promising and effective pre‐treatment technique for enhancing the biodegradability of hydrophobic and recalcitrant organic compounds such as α‐pinene. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Simultaneous removal of atrazine and nitrate using a biological granulated activated carbon (BGAC) reactor
Authors: Herzberg Moshe , Dosoretz Carlos G , Tarre Sheldon , Michael Beliavsky , Dror Minz , Green Michal 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe objective of this research was to characterize the performance of granulated activated carbon (GAC) as a carrier for Pseudomonas ADP in a non‐sterile continuous fluidized bed reactor for atrazine degradation under anoxic conditions. The GAC was compared with two non‐adsorbing carriers: non‐adsorbing carbon particles (‘Baker product’) having the same surface area available for biofilm growth as the GAC, and sintered glass beads. The initial atrazine degradation efficiency was higher than 90% in the reactors with the non‐adsorbing carriers, but deteriorated to 20% with time due to contamination by foreign denitrifying bacteria. In contrast, no deterioration was observed in the biological granulated activated carbon (BGAC) reactor. A maximal atrazine volumetric and specific degradation rate of 0.820 ± 0.052 g atrazine dm−3 day−1 and 1.7 ± 0.4 g atrazine g−1 protein day−1 respectively were observed in the BGAC reactor. Concurrent atrazine biodegradation and desorption from the carrier was shown and an effluent concentration of 0.002 mg dm−3 (below the EPA standard) was achieved in the BGAC reactor. The advantages of the BGAC reactor over the non‐adsorbing carrier reactors can probably be explained by the adsorption–desorption mechanism providing favorable microenvironmental conditions for atrazine–degrading bacteria. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of adsorption characteristics of a modified cellulase on indigo backstaining
Authors: Mamma Diomi , Kalantzi Styliani A , Christakopoulos Paul 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe effect of limited proteolysis (digestion) of a commercial cellulase preparation (Ecostone® L350) on backstaining with indigo was investigated. The influence of protease (papain) concentration on limited proteolysis of cellulase preparation was studied, applying different ratios of papain/cellulase (w/w). Changes in adsorption on Avicel cellulose of the non‐digested compared with the papain‐digested Ecostone® L350 were examined using the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The non‐digested Ecostone® L350 exhibited stronger interaction to Avicel cellulose compared with the digested form, while the maximum efficiency of cellulase adsorption to Avicel cellulose decreased after digestion. When papain‐digested Ecostone® L350 was applied on cotton fabrics during the dyeing procedure with indigo, a reduction of indigo backstaining was obtained compared with the non‐digested Ecostone® L350. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Efficiency of naphthalene biodegradation by Pseudomonas putida G7 in soil
Authors: Filonov Andrei E , Puntus Irina F , Karpov Alexander V , Kosheleva Irina A , Kashparov Konstantin I , Slepenkin Anatoly V , Boronin Alexander M 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe efficiency of naphthalene degradation by Pseudomonas putida G7 in soil was assessed using a mathematical model. The number of microorganisms and the concentration of naphthalene in soil samples were monitored. The feasibility of a spectrofluorometric method for naphthalene assay in soil samples was compared with high pressure liquid chromatography. A proposed mathematical model described the growth of the naphthalene‐degrading strains and the consumption of substrates (naphthalene, naphthalene degradation intermediates and soil organic substances) in soil. To describe the growth kinetics of microorganisms having high affinity to substrates with low solubility, two differential equations with substrate exponent 2/3 were proposed. These equations were used to describe utilization of soil organic matter. The model parameters characterize the growth rates for different substrates and respective yield coefficients, specific bacterial death and adaptation rates, and also the rates of PAHs degradation and evaporation. These characteristics can be used in choosing the bacterial strains for biopreparations and efficient clean‐up biotechnology of polluted soils. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
A study of the aroma of fried bacon and fried pork loin
Authors: Timón María L , Carrapiso Ana I , Jurado Ángela , van de Lagemaat Jürgen 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAroma compounds in the headspace volatiles of fried bacon and fried pork loin were identified. The concentrations of volatiles in bacon were much lower than those in pork loin, except for nitrogen compounds. It is likely that these differences were caused by the presence of nitrite in bacon. Characteristic aromas for fried bacon, described variously as bacon‐, fried meat‐, roast meat‐ and cooked meat‐like, were found through olfactory testing. These aromas were not present in the pork loin samples. Compounds such as pyrazines, pyridines and furans are thought to be responsible for these meaty aromas. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Cover Picture: Macromol. Mater. Eng. 3/2004
Authors: Granado Ainhoa , Eguiazábal José I. , Nazábal Jon 
Published: April 2004

Cover: The picture on the cover shows the morphology of the skin of a 80/20 amorphous polyamide/poly(amino‐ether) blend.Further details can be found in the Full Paper by A. Granado, J. I. Eguiazábal,* and J. Nazábal on page 281.
Cover Picture: Macromol. Mater. Eng. 4/2004
Authors: dell'Erba Ignacio E. , Fasce Diana P. , Williams Roberto J. J. , Erra‐Balsells Rosa , Fukuyama Yuko , Nonami Hiroshi 
Published: April 2004

Cover: The picture on the cover shows the antiplasticization of an epoxy network, produced by the addition of a new class of oligomeric silsesquioxanes bearing multiple intramolecular rings formed through SiOC bonds.Further details can be found in the Full Paper by I. E. dell'Erba, D. P. Fasce, R. J. J. Williams,* R. Erra‐Balsells, Y. Fukuyama, and H. Nonami on page 315.
Cover Picture: Macromol. Theory Simul. 3/2004
Authors: Semler James J. , Genzer Jan 
Published: April 2004

Cover: The picture on the cover represents Monte Carlo simulation generated conformations of copolymers with alternating and diblock sequences on chemically patterned substrates with strong and week attractions between the surface active sites and the adsorbing monomers along the copolymer backbone.Further details can be found in the Full Paper by J. J. Semler and J. Genzer* on page 219.
Developmental shift in bidirectional functions of taurine‐sensitive chloride channels during cortical circuit formation in postnatal mouse brain
Authors: Yoshida Mika , Fukuda Satoshi , Tozuka Yusuke , Miyamoto Yusei , Hisatsune Tatsuhiro 
Published: April 2004

AbstractTaurine (2‐aminoethanesulfonic acid) is the most abundant free amino acid in the developing mammalian cerebral cortex, however, few studies have reported its neurobiological functions during development. In this study, by means of whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings, we examined the effects of taurine on chloride channel receptors in neocortical neurons from early to late postnatal stages, which cover a critical period in cortical circuit formation. We show here that taurine activates chloride channels in cortical neurons throughout the postnatal stages examined (from postnatal day 2 to day 36). The physiological effects of taurine changed from excitatory to inhibitory due to variations in the intracellular Cl−concentration during development. An antagonist blocking analysis also demonstrated a developmental shift in the receptor target of taurine, from glycine receptors to GABAAreceptors. Taken together, these results may reflect genetically programmed, bidirectional functions of taurine. At the early developmental stage, taurine acting on glycine receptors would serve to promote cortical circuit formation. As cortical circuit has to be regulated in the later stages, taurine would serve as a safeguard against hyperexcitable circuit. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 60: 166–175, 2004