bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Biological Control of Sorghum Strains Using Bacillus Thuringiensis and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Under Drought Stress
Authors: Heiba Samy A. A. , El-Demerdash Ibthal S. , Rashad Shimaa E. 
Published: October 2023

Background: Sorghum is an economically significant staple food crop for more than half a billion people in developing nations, especially in arid and semi-arid locations where drought stress is a significant limiting factor. Despite usually being regarded as tolerant, sorghum suffers severely from drought stress, which lowers its productivity and nutritional quality throughout its principal cultivation areas. Objective: Improvements in DNA fingerprinting by ISSRs, SSRs, and RAPD markers have also been employed in sorghum genetic modification (GMOs) to enhance the economic characteristics of this crop. Materials and methods: To provide a natural defence against pests, the most tolerant plants among the seven varieties of sorghum bicolour were selected and planted in the second season of 2020–2021 under treatment with two microorganisms, B. thuringiensis and P. aeruginosa. This study considered seven varieties of sorghum bicolour planted under 50% water deficiency in 2019–2020. Genetic variability analysis of sorghum genotypes was performed using seven Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) primers, six Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) primers, and five Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers. Seven Sorghum bicolour accessions were collected from various regions of Egypt and their phylogenetic relationships were evaluated. Additionally, DNA fingerprinting and analyses of the genetic diversity and evolutionary linkages in the sorghum germplasm employed the (ISSR) molecular marker technique. Results and conclusion: The Fisher Least Significant difference test (LSD) at P < 0.05, based on RAPD, ISSR, and SSR markers demonstrated a significant connection. The findings demonstrated that 51 bands with a size range of 100–1500 bp and polymorphism percentage of 72.5% were created using five RAPD primers. Seven ISSR primers generated 45 bands With a 57.8(%) polymorphism percentage, ranging in size from 100 to 3000 bp. six SSR primers generated 28 bands with (67.86%) polymorphism percentage of 67.86 %, ranging in size from 100 to 1500 bp. Morphological characteristics and ISSR, SSR, and RAPD analyses were used to group the UPGMA Dendrogram into groups. Jaccard's coefficient was used to analyse the genetic similarity matrix. The maximum similarity was observed for ISSR between Hybrid Sh1 and Hybrid Sh306 (0.984%), SSR between Hybrid Sh306 and Sudan grass (0.964%), and RAPD between Giza 15 and Indian Millet (0.706%). The classification of sorghum germplasm, breeding initiatives, and conservation efforts rely heavily on the determination of the genetic diversity among sorghum species. Identification of genetic variants, morphological features, and genetic analysis of ISSR, SSR, and RAPD are useful techniques. These findings demonstrate a large ratio of variation in sorghum. This work could serve as a guide for future research on sorghum and aid in the understanding of species and breeding initiatives.
Transitional meningioma benign who grade 1 tumor-A case and review of the literature
Authors: Jagtap Sunil V , Sarkar Loknath Srimanto , Jagtap Shubham S 
Published: October 2023

Transitional meningioma (TM) is an uncommon benign meningioma. Transitional meningioma is a WHO grade I meningioma characterized by the coexistence of meningothelial cells and fibrous architectural patterns.A35 year female presented with history of intermittent fever, headache of 1 month duration. And since last 2 days with altered level of consciousness and vomiting.: MRI of the brain was performed using TI weighted spin echoI2 weighted turbo spin echo and turbo Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery: FLAIR diffusion sequences. It showed a large, lobulated, enhancing lesion in right fronto-temporal region, along right greater wing of sphenoid suggestive of meningioma. Surgical excision of tumor was done. On histopathology showed a benign tumor consists of meningothelial and fibrous proliferation. The meningothelial cells were arranged in fascicles, with the fibroblastic tumor in syncytial pattern. The nuclei were round, uniform without nucleoli. The chromatin was fine and open. The tumor cells were spindle having abundant pink cytoplasm, indistinguishable cell membranes and bland nuclear features. Mitotic figures and atypia were absent .Scattered Psammoma bodies were noted. Histopathological diagnosis was gives as benign WHO grade 1 tumor- transitional meningioma.Due to enhanced and improved imaging, histopathological techniques the increased incidence of meningiomas is observed and it will be helpful for better outcomes of patients. We are presenting this case of transitional meningioma benign tumor WHO grade1for its clinical, radioimaging and histopatholgical findings.
Reporting breast fine needle aspiration cytology using the international academy of cytology Yokohama system: Experience in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Dhandapani Karthik , Shankaralingappa Sunitha , Patel Trupti , Vanik Sangita , Nagarjun B R , Sundarajan Udaya 
Published: October 2023

: In developing countries for all palpable breast lesions, Fine needle aspiration Biopsy (FNAB) is the most suitable test as FNAB is minimally invasive and cost-effective. The present study was undertaken to categorise the Breast Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB) samples according to the IAC Yokohama system of reporting and to assess the Risk of malignancy (ROM) for each category as well as to elucidate other quality indicators of the Breast FNAB. : Among the total 102 cases in which FNAC were performed, 9 were insufficient/ inadequate (8.80%), 11 were benign (10.80%), 5 were atypical (4.95%), 3 were suspicious (2.95%) and the rest 74 FNACs were malignant (72.5%). ROM of insufficient/inadequate, benign, atypical, suspicious and malignant ware 37.5%, 0%, 50%, 100% and 100% respectively. Absolute sensitivity (only category V) was 90.1 and complete sensitivity (including category III to V) was 96.3%. Specificity of IAC Yokohama system is 100% when considering category 5 as positive and is 88.9% when considering category 3 to 5 as positive. : The IAC Yokohama Reporting System for breast cytology has high sensitivity, specificity. The ROM in our study done in Indian population ware comparable to the proposed IAC Yokohama system which suggests the IAC Yokohama system has high reproducibility and can be applied in Indian population. Usage of FNAC for the evaluation of breast lumps and categorization based on the Yokohama system helps in ideal management of the patient, reducing the requirement of core needle biopsy.
Assessment of programmed cell death ligand- 1 (PD-L1) expression in oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma - An immunohistochemical study
Authors: Pachpande Priyanka S , Mandale Mandakini S , Bhavthankar Jyoti D , Humbe Jayanti G , Zanwar Poonam 
Published: October 2023

OSCC is multifactorial and is a multistep process. It may arise de-novo or may be preceded by oral potentially malignant disorders(OPMD). During malignant transformation certain molecular changes are evident at cellular level even in the absence of phenotypic changes in the tissue. With the recent advances in molecular understanding of cancers, immune checkpoint inhibitors have been recognized as perpetrators or supporters in the pathophysiology of various cancers. One of the main immunosuppressive pathways is the programmed death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in which there is an interaction between T-cell PD-1 receptor and PD-L1 on cancer cells. Upregulation of PD-L1 is associated with disease progression.To assess and compare the PD-L1 expression in OPMD and OSCC.64 Paraffin embedded tissue sections of histopathologically diagnosed cases of 32 OSCC and 32 OPMD were immunohistochemically stained with PD-L1 & its membranous expression was evaluated. Descriptive statistical analysis was applied.Thus the study showed 100 % PD-L1 positive expression in OSCC and PD-L1 expression increased with increase in histopathological. In case of OPMD 93.74 % showed positive PD-L1 expression. We found PDL1 expression is significantly higher in OSCC (Mean= 4.59 ± 1.965) compared to OPMD (Mean= 2.03 ± 1.204).Assessment of PD-L1 expression in OPMD patients will help us to screen the subjects with or without risk of malignant transformation as increase in PD-L1 expression signifies the increased risk of malignant change.
Histopathological spectrum of fungal infections in COVID 19 cases – A retrospective observational study
Authors: Mishra Shilpa , Patkar Rakesh Rajiv 
Published: October 2023

A wide range of fungal and bacterial infections are associated with Corona virus disease (COVID19). There was a surge of mucormycosis during COVID19 pandemic in 2021. This study elaborates the histopathological findings observed in fungal infections of head and neck in COVID 19 patients. A retrospective observational study of histopathological findings of invasive fungal infection in COVID 19 case was conducted in our laboratory. All the tissue samples diagnosed as post COVID fungal infections during January 2021 to June 2021 were analyzed. Representative sections were taken and slides were stained with Hematoxylin & Eosin, Periodic Acidic Schiff (PAS) and Gomori Methenamine silver (GMS) stains. Histopathological features were studied. There were total 32 cases which had invasive fungal infections associated with COVID 19. The most affected age group was 31 to 50 years of age (50%), with male preponderance (87.5%). Diabetes was present in 62.5% cases, and steroid use during the treatment was present in 31.3% of the cases. The most common site was maxillary sinus (53.1%) followed by nasal cavity (34.4%). Isolated infection by mucor was seen in 68.8% cases, there were cases of secondary bacterial infection and candida with aspergillus infection. Angioinvasion was present in 56.3% cases and bone destruction in 15.6% cases.COVID 19 infection results in immune dysregulation and background of diabetes and over use of steroids increases risk of mucormycosis. An early histopathological diagnosis provides early diagnosis.
Revisitation of thyroid lesions in natives from hilly region: A four years perspective
Authors: Thakur Brijesh , Bhateja Jyotsna , Kaushik Sanjay , Acharya Seema 
Published: October 2023

Clinically palpable thyroid nodules pose a challenge in diagnosis and management for surgeons and pathologists as thyroid malignancies may show overlapping characteristics with their benign counterparts in terms of physical characteristics, hormonal levels and imaging details. This study was aimed to revisit the spectrum of thyroid lesions in surgically resected specimens, their clinicopathological characteristics and to compare the cytological and imaging findings in discrepant cases.The present retrospective study retrieved a total of 69 cases of thyroid resection specimens with available relevant demographic, clinicoradiological and cytological findings. The histopathological diagnosis was considered gold standard.Colloid goitre (37.7%) and papillary carcinoma (17.4%) were found to be the commonest non-neoplastc and neoplastic lesions respectively. Peak incidence in 20-40 years of age group and M:F ratio of 1:3.6 in overall thyroid disorders was noted. 08 discrepent cases were observed while comparing histological diagnosis with radiological and /or cytological findings.Histopathological diagnoses were in agreement with imaging findings and /or FNAC results in most of the cases, however, patients with indeterminate or suspicious FNAC results, need to be followed-up for early surgical intervention if required.
Clinical and cytohistomorphological evaluation of peripheral nerve sheath tumours with special reference to immunohistochemical diversity in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Shams Asfa , Maheshwari Veena , Afroz Nishat 
Published: October 2023

Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumours (PNST), though have a frequent prevalence, are diagnostically challenging. There is a wide spectrum of lesions ranging from benign entities like neurofibroma, Schwannoma, perineurioma to malignant entities like malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours (MPNST), malignant granular cell tumour and malignant perineurioma. Since there is an overlap with other spindle and round cell tumours, IHC and molecular studies are needed to provide a clear distinction between different tumour types. It was a 5 years observational study (3 years retrospective and 2 years prospective) conducted in the Department of Pathology, JNMCH, AMU from 2015-2020. . History and relevant clinical findings were retrieved from the archives of both the Histopathology and Cytopathology Lab. Imprints as well as FNA smears were included from Cytopathology Lab and biopsies and resection specimen from Histopathology Lab. Immunohistochemistry was applied wherever necessary. A total of 82 cases were diagnosed over a 5 year period out of which 70 were benign and 12 malignant. Male preponderance was seen. Benign tumours comprised mostly of Neurofibroma and Schwannoma and there were 12 cases of MPNST. Correlation was established between Cytopathological and Histopathological findings and IHC, mostly S100 proved useful in differentiating it from other malignant spindle cell tumours. The differential diagnoses of these tumours has always posed a problem given their monotonous appearance and clinical overlap. This study, therefore, aims to analyse the diverse morphological features of Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumours in the light of cytopathological and histopathological findings and immunohistochemistry.
A rare case of pleomorphic adenoma of the nasal cavity
Authors: Singh Puja , Singh Ranbeer , Arora Pooja , Singh Tejasvita 
Published: October 2023

One of the most prevalent benign tumors of the main salivary glands is pleomorphic adenoma. They may also develop in the smaller salivary glands, which are common in the nasal cavity. The aim is to present this rare case which was diagnosed with tissue sampling and histopathological examination in conjunction with radiological findings. A 36-year-old woman's right nasal cavity was found to have a soft tissue mass that was seen protruding from the nasal septum. A detailed histological analysis led to the conclusion that the nasal cavity was home to a pleomorphic adenoma.In conclusion, pleomorphic adenomas in minor salivary glands are extremely uncommon, and they are much more uncommon in the nasal cavity, where they typically develop from the nasal septum. Due to the presence of lower stromal and higher epithelial components, it may be misdiagnosed at early stages. Resultant delayed detection leads to aggressive treatment.
Short-Term Outcomes of Carotid Artery Stenting versus Carotid Endarterectomy in the Treatment of Carotid Stenosis: An Up-Dated Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: AYDEMİR İzzet , DOĞAN İhsan , ESATOĞLU Afsun Ezel 
Published: October 2023

Aim: Carotid artery stenting is thought to result in better outcomes when compared to carotid endarterectomy. To evaluate this hypothesis, a far-reaching of published randomized controlled trials were performed to evaluate the short-term outcomes of carotid artery stenting versus carotid endarterectomy for patients undergoing carotid artery stenosis.
Material and Methods: A comprehensive search of trials published from 1994 until December 31, 2022, was performed using Science Direct, PubMed, Web of Science, Sage, Ebscohost, Scopus, and Cochrane Central electronic databases. Major endpoints (any stroke, myocardial infarction, and all-cause mortality) were extracted from the publications. Pooled risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a fixed-effects model.
Results: 21 trials involving 15518 patients (8514 with stenting, 7004 with endarterectomy) were included in the meta-analysis. Stenting was associated with a significantly increased risk of short-term any stroke (RR=1.555, 95% CI: 1.307-1.851, p
Pondering over the nexus between internship programme and skills development: insights from past and present interns
Authors: Mabeba Selaelo John , Sebola Mokoko Piet , Chauke Khensani Richard , Mamokhere John 
Published: October 2023

In South Africa, the internship programme was introduced under the Skills Development Act of 1998, with the primary goal of addressing the country's skills shortage and fostering the growth of a skilled workforce. This act laid the foundation for various skills development initiatives, including internships, aimed at enhancing employment prospects and facilitating the transfer and development of essential skills among graduates. As a result, the pursuit of internship programme has become a prevalent practice among university and college graduates in South Africa, as they recognize its significance in securing employment and acquiring the necessary skills. Considering this, the objective of this study was to examine the relationship between internship programme and skills development within three government departments in Limpopo Province. The research employed a quantitative research approach and collected empirical data using semi-structured questionnaires. Seventy-one (71) past and present interns from the three select government departments were surveyed between October and December 2019. The data collected were analysed using Microsoft Excel. The study's findings reveal a positive nexus between the internship programme and skills development. Interns were able to acquire a diverse range of skills. The study recommends that there should be a rotational assignment as part of the internship programme to expose interns to different departments. Internship programme should serve as a valuable platform for the transfer and development of skills, providing interns with meaningful experiential learning opportunities.
Grade 3 teachers’ understanding of the implemented mathematics curriculum content
Authors: Galane Charlotte Myriam Moshala , Simon Bhekumuzi Khoza  
Published: October 2023

This pragmatic action research explores Grade 3 teachers’ understanding of the implemented mathematics curriculum content. Exploring teachers’ understanding of the mathematics curriculum content is required because understanding of content determines how teachers teach, the resources they use, and how teachers assess. It should be noted that, over time, curriculum reforms take place; and these reforms impact not only on teachers’ knowledge, expertise, or motivation, but also on their understanding. Understanding, as synthesised by the researcher, is a planned, prescribed system of presenting one’s thoughts and expertise regarding a particular subject; in this case, mathematics. In exploring this phenomenon, six Grade 3 teachers from Nkangala District in Mpumalanga were purposefully sampled to be part of this study. Data was generated through two phases of reflective activities, observations, interviews, and a focus-group discussion. To answer the two research questions of this study, the generated data was analysed guided by the natural identity framework themes. Findings revealed that teachers’ understanding of the implemented mathematics curriculum content is mostly informed by a combination of their need to comply with the prescripts of policy and higher authority, common understanding to appease their societal needs, and individual understanding based on their experiences and beliefs. The study drew the conclusion that, for teachers to embrace the three propositions of understanding and identities, teachers’ natural understanding identity should be promoted. This identity is underpinned by reflective practice and adaptation to what works in their day-to-day practice as teachers.
Hospital Spending for Cancers in Hunan, China during 2017 and 2019
Authors: Shen Minxue , Liao Liqiu , Xu Mengyao , Liu Mengjiao 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To describe the hospitalization spending for cancers in Hunan Province, China, and to investigate the hospitalization cost across diverse cancer classifications.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective study based on the hospitalization admission data from 2017 to 2019 in Hunan Province. We retrieved information on age, sex, diagnosis, number of comorbidities, level of hospitalization, hospital location, hospital costs, length of stay, and type of payer for eligible participants. Factors for cost (log-transformed) were investigated through multiple linear regression.
Results
A total of 903,377 patients with cancer were hospitalized in Hunan Province during 2017–2019, with a total cost of US$2,546.5 million, and 64% of the cost was covered by medical insurance. The top five cancers in terms of cost were lung ($300.3 million), colorectum ($234.6 million), liver ($126.5 million), lip, oral cavity & pharynx ($102.3 million), and stomach ($99.0 million) cancers in men, were breast ($176.0 million), colorectum ($156.2 million), cervix ($112.3 million), lung ($112.2 million), and thyroid ($56.0 million) cancers in women, respectively. Site of cancer, sex, age, year of hospitalization, number of comorbidities, length of stay, hospital level, and hospital location were significantly associated with the per-capita log-transformed cost.
Conclusion
The economic burden of cancer was heavy in Hunan, and lung, colorectal, breast, liver, and stomach cancers accounted for half of the total cost. Site of cancer, sex, age, comorbidity, level, and location of hospital were factors for the per-capita cost.
Extreme electron-blocking interface for garnet-based solid-state lithium-metal batteries with superior long lifespan
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhang Chang , Yu Jiameng , lv yj , Zhang Yue , Gao Tianyi , He Yuxi , Chen Xin , Yu Yi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Garnet oxide is one of the most promising solid-state electrolytes for solid-state lithium metal batteries. However, the traditional interface modification layers cannot completely block electron migrating from the current collector to the interior of the solid-state electrolyte, which promotes the penetration of lithium dendrites. In this work, a highly electron-blocking interlayer composed of potassium fluorine (KF) is developed to inhibit lithium dendrite growth in garnet oxide Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO). Thanks to the interlayer of stable KF with large band gap, the electronic conductivity of LLZTO reduces by two orders of magnitude. The Li symmetric cells using KF interlayer show an ultralong cycle life ~3000 hours at 0.2 mA cm-2 and over 350 hours at 0.5 mA cm-2 respectively. Moreover, an ionic liquid of LiTFSI in C4mim-TFSI is screened to wet the cathode interfaces. The solvent-free Li|LLZTO|LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cells present a high specific capacity, and a long lifespan of 3500 cycles at 2C with an average coulombic efficiency of 99.99%. This work provides a simple and integrated strategy on high-performance solid-state lithium metal batteries.