bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Report of the Secretary for the Board May and June 1964
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For the first time in history, the Senate on June IO voted to limit debate on a civil rights measure. It voted 71-29, four more than the necessary two-thirds required for cloture, thus ending a seventy-five day filibuster. Beach just a week ago, that our communities have as yet failed to find the solution to widespread teen-age restlessness and hostilities toward society. Everyone of us has a clear responsibility to do what needs to be done to bring into play the massive private and governmental re sources which alone can be effective. It needs also to be said that part of the context in which these Negro delinquents are bred is the deep bitterness and frustration which all Negroes feel at the continued denial of equal opportunity everywhere and at the unpunished beatings and killings of Negroes which continue to feature the civil rights scene in the Deep South. These nation-wide denials of justice do not justify teen-age criminal violence by even this handful of Negroes, and the overwhelmingly law-abiding Negro com munity does not condone it. Rather, they are determined that the frustrations engendered by racial injustices shall be channeled into constructive action to end the injustice.
Report of the Executive Director for the Board Meeting of January-March 1971
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Speaking and Other Engagements On January 3, the Executive Director installed officers of the New York (Harlem) Branch; taped a five-minute statement on Martin Luther King, Jr. for WFAS Radio station on January 5; taped “Black Experience” in St. Louis; attended St. Louis Branch Founders Day Luncheon January 16; presented life membership plaque to Rt. Rev. F. J. Mugavero, Bishop of Brooklyn, at his office in Brooklyn on January 18; addressed session of the National Baptist Convention in Hot Springs, Ark. on January 20; attended annual meeting of Leadership Conference on Civil Rights in Washington, D.C., January 25; met with Secretary Romney of H.U.D. on January 28; and on January 31, spoke at dedication of new building which houses South east Regional Office in Atlanta, Ga. During the month of February the Executive Director spoke for the Roosevelt, Long Island, Public Schools Parents Association on February 2; attended press conference re: jailing of Rev. Jesse Jackson of Operation Breadbasket for A&P boy cott on February 5; main speaker at Lansing, Mich. Branch Freedom Fund Dinner, February 7; spoke at Education Conference at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N.C., under the auspices of N.A.A.C.P. College Chapter and others, on February 13; conferred with Mrs. Vincent Astor and Associates on possible foundation aid to Special Contribution Fund on February 19; and on February 23, conferred with the Carnegie Foundation on same subject. On February 24, with other Negro leaders attended White House meeting with Secretary Romney on revenue-sharing; spoke at meeting of the New Bedford, Mass. Branch on February 28.
Integration Crisis in the South
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1957 when nine black youth attempted to integrate Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, at issue was the constitutional power of a state versus the power of the federal government, and equally paramount was the physical safety of the schoolchildren who were involved in this atmosphere of violence. The constitutional authority was resolved when President Dwight Eisenhower ordered federal troops to Little Rock on September 24, 1957, to enforce the 1955 Supreme Court decree desegregating schools “with all deliberate speed.” In the face of Eisenhower’s actions, the question remained: Why was there still open hostility and violence by so many whites regarding the High Court’s order? In the following address to the NAACP Fourteenth Annual State Convention, Roy Wilkins talks about the status of the civil rights movement after Little Rock. This address was given on October II, 1957. I am pleased to be able to counsel once again with the delegates to the North Carolina state convention assembled here under President Kelly Alexander and your other fine officers for your fourteenth annual meeting. Much has happened since I spoke to you two years ago at a statewide rally in Raleigh, and although North Carolina has had a period of soul-searching which is not yet ended, the state is struggling toward the right decision.
The Film Industry and the Negro
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Since the early 1940s, the NAACP has taken issue over the fact that blacks were not being portrayed in motion pictures in the manner in which they occupy positions in life. In the following address under the auspices of the Association of Motion Picture Producers Roy Wilkins outlines the NAACP’s policy on black actors in film roles. This speech was given on October 25, 1957. I am grateful for the opportunity to discuss with you face to face, at long last, a matter about which there has been a great deal of misunderstanding. After much telephoning and writing back and forth, beginning, I believe, last March or April, you have been gracious enough to arrange this luncheon meeting. While there has been much talk of an N.A.A.C.P. policy on employment of Negro actors in film roles, and on the type of material involving Negroes and the so-called race question which has found its way into motion pictures, the truth of the matter is that there has never been a clear policy issued by the N.A.A.C.P.
At Youth for Integrated Schools
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
More than 15,000 college students participated in the Second Youth March for Integrated Schools in Washington, D.C., on April 18, 1959. The march was led by Roy Wilkins, A. Philip Randolph, Martin Luther King, Jr., Daisy Bates, Jackie Robinson, Harry Belafonte, and others. Its purposes were to world. The cause of democracy must triumph, for there can be no civil rights except within the framework of a democracy society. We wish to express appreciation to the Attorney General’s Office for the role it has played in advancing the cause of civil rights, but urge it to do more. Let us not be dismayed by the long, hard struggle ahead, for we will win if we fight and faint not.
At Conflict ‘66-Virginia Polytechnic Institute
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Race and color have permeated American history since its beginning. No state, however, has the right to abridge the constitutional rights of any individual. Indeed, it is the responsibility of the state to protect an individ ual’s constitutional rights. In the aftermath of the Supreme Court’s ruling in the Brown decision, many southern states attempted to and in some cases did obstruct the High Court’s ruling to desegregate public education. In the following speech, Roy Wilkins explains why the states’ rights doctrine on the constitutional rights of African Americans has outlived its time. I offer first my thanks for the opportunity given me by your kind invitation to participate in Conflict ‘66. And then I extend my congratulations to the student body of Virginia Polytechnic Institute for its decision to explore an issue which has been a factor, open or concealed, in every move of our country since the first white men landed at Jamestown in 1607 and the first black men arrived there twelve years later. A debate of a kind has been in progress from that time to this very day over the abilities of black people. In the beginning, of course, the sentiment was almost unanimous that they were inherently inferior; indeed, they were thought to be just a cut above animals. Today that opinion exists as a belief, not as an intellectual exercise-in South Africa, officially, and in certain backwaters of the United States.
“Come over into Macedonia and Help Us!”
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The NAACP and the church have been partners since the association’s inception. The NAACP’s church program was established to involve religious groups in the civil rights movement. The church wing of the Association worked with religious groups to register voters, recruit members, support organized marches, provide meeting places, and raise funds. In the following address to the Ninety-third Annual Session of the National Baptist Convention, Roy Wilkins describes some of the pressing challenges before the NAACP and the Association’s need for continued church support. This speech was given on September 7, 1973. I am here at this convention of churchmen in signal of this body, a body well acquainted with struggle and strain and with the healing effect of the spirit and of the faith, for aid at this juncture. My cry is the well-known one of the Bible: “Come over into Macedonia and help us!” We have been partners-the church and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People-for the six-and-a-half decades of our life as an organization. Together we have seen the marching ahead, the stalemates, the marking time, the joyous times when the Lord was compassionate and the people were prayerful and righteous. We have muddled together through periods of dark despair, but never gave up, never abandoned the faith that one day it would be all right.
Black History Missing
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the following article, Roy Wilkins responds to a study by the Journal of American History that it may be too late to include black history into text books of American schools. He writes here that the distortions, untruths, and myths that have hurt a race for more than 200 years only serve to perpetuate further racial strife. The article was written in August 1975. Just when black Americans are struggling to put black history into the textbooks of the nation comes news that the contest may be too late. History, says a study.
The Most Popular Book in China
Authors: Chin Frank 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A female and raised a French Catholic, she is, by the terms of her thousand-year-old religion, the meekest of the meek, the mildest of the mild, basking in the grace of God. She is forbidden by French culture to speak of herself except in the third person, and must limit her use of the first-person pronoun “I” to quoting the exact words spoken by card-carrying Judea-Christian white men.
The Unaccommodated Calvin
Authors: Muller Richard A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book attempts to understand Calvin in his 16th-century context, with attention to continuities and discontinuities between his thought and that of his predecessors, contemporaries, and successors. Muller pays particular attention to the interplay between theological and philosophical themes common to Calvin and the medieval doctors, and to developments in rhetoric and method associated with humanism.
Fides and Cognitio in Relation to the Problem of Intellect and Will in the Theology of John Calvin
Authors: Muller Richard A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Virtually all of the studies of Calvin’s concept of faith have declared, and rightly so, that Calvin could not conceive of faith apart from knowledge. In his continuous polemic against the scholastic doctrine of fides implicita, Calvin had defined faith as “a certain and from knowledge” or, in the more familiar form given in the Institutes from 1539 on, “a firm and certain knowledge of divine benevolence toward us.” Nonetheless, from the very beginning of his theological career, Calvin had indicated another dimension of faith, trust or “fiducia.”
Connecting Spirituality and the Environment
Authors: Lane Belden C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Talk about God cannot easily be separated from discussions of place. A desert-mountain environment (or any landscape, for that matter) plays a central role in constructing human subjectivity, including the way one envisions the holy. The place where we live tells us who we are—how we relate to other people, to the larger world around us, even to God. Meaningful participation in any environment requires our learning certain “gestures of approach” or disciplines of interpretation that make entry possible. All these are matters essential to the analysis of any spirituality.
The Sinai Image in the History of Western Monotheism
Authors: Lane Belden C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The austere slopes of Jebel Mussa in the desert of the Upper Sinai Massif have through the centuries exercised the apophatic imagination as much as any other place in the history of Christianity. Jews and Muslims, as well as Christians, have been drawn, metaphorically if not physically, to the mountain where Moses entered into the cloud of darkness to meet a God of incomprehensible light. Whether this particular peak was the actual site of Mount Sinai is incidental to the study at hand. A case can be made for five or six different locations of the mountain that Moses ascended. Of interest here is Sinai as a mountain of the imagination, an evocative image of great power that recurs repeatedly in the Christian apophatic tradition as well as in the folklore of the Abrahamic traditions generally.
Discriminating the Innate Capacity: Salvation Mysticism of Classical Sāmkya-Yoga
Authors: Pflueger Lloyd W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I have never had any revelations through anesthetics, but a kind of waking trance-this for lack of a better wordI have frequently had, quite up from boyhood, when I have been all alone. This has come upon me through repeating my own name to myself silently, till all at once, as it were out of the intensity of the consciousness of individuality, individuality itself seemed to dissolve and fade away into boundless being, and this not a confused state but the clearest, the surest of the surest, utterly beyond words-where death was an almost laughable possibility-the loss of personality (if so it were) seeming no extinction, but the only true life. I am ashamed of my feeble description.
Parables of Deconstruction in the Lotus Sūtra
Authors: Corless Roger J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
ACCORDING TO Mahayana Buddhism, all suffering beings (sattvas) are in fact liberated beings (buddhas). As sattvas, they experience the world as meaningless repetition and circularity (sal’J’lslira); yet they are assured that, in fact, according to Reality as it truly is, the world is open, free, or transparent (silnyatli, “Emptiness”). Butsattvas can make no sense of this assurance because, Mahayana explains, they lack the proper instrument with which to observe, or experience, Reality truly.
Mysticism, Mediation, and Consciousness : The Innate Capacity in John Ruusbroec
Authors: Price James Robertson 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
DURING THE PAST fifty years, philosophers of mysticism have been actively intrigued by the meaning and epistemological status of quotations such as this one by John Ruusbroec, the fourteenth-century mystic from Flanders. An intense and fruitful debate has emerged, one marked by three discernible and on going philosophic moments. By briefly sketching this debate, I will clarify my own entry into the discussion, as well as my focus on one of its vexed issues: the relationship of mysticism, mediation, and consciousness.
The Innate Capacity: Jung and the Mystical Imperative
Authors: Dourley John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
JUNG’ s UNDERSTANDING OF the nature and dynamic of the psyche is intrinsically religious in that the encompassing process of psychic maturation it seeks to describe has as its foundational telos, or intentionality, a movement toward a state of consciousness that can, and perhaps must, be described as mystical. “Mystical consciousness,” in this context, is taken to mean the conscious experience, admitting various degrees of intensity, of the unification of the many energies of one’s individual humanity, simultaneously informed by the sense of one’s continuity with the totality and marked by the expanded empathy such continuity engenders.
The Swami and the Rorschach: Spiritual Practice, Religious Experience, and Perception
Authors: Jonte-Pace Diane 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
NEARLY A CENTURY after William James initiated the psychological study of mysticism with the publication of The Varieties of Religious Experience, Robert Forman has returned to James’s project by issuing a call for a psychologia perennis. This “perennial psychology” would investigate mystical or nonordinary states of consciousness and the transformative processes that produce them. Whereas James offered a typology of mystical experience structured around the mysticism of the “healthy minded” and the mysticism of the “sick soul,” Forman proposes an inquiry that goes well beyond the work of his predecessor. He raises questions not only about types of mystical experience but also about the influence of innate psychological structure and of culture upon mystical experience.
Innate Mystical Capacities and the Nature of the Self
Authors: Perovich Anthony N 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“SHUT YOUR EYES, and change to and wake another way of seeing, which everyone has but few use.” Plotinus, understood in the context provided by the spiritually charged atmosphere of Neoplatonism and of his own writings, here endorses the idea that an innate capacity for mystical union is possessed by all of us. (He sounds as well the frequently accompanying note in mystical writers decrying the neglect of this capacity’s development.) It is an idea that was to be repeated by an imposing succession of spiritual authors in the West, and by comparable authors elsewhere. To speak of such an innate capacity is to enter the realm of what might be called “mystical anthropology.”
Post constructivist Approaches to Mysticism
Authors: Franklin R L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The classic approach to mysticism emphasizes its unity. It points to striking parallels in the language used by mystics from different cultures who were unknown to each other and concludes that they describe the same experience. Hence, it presents mysticism as involving a state of consciousness found in virtually all religions, recog-nizably the same in each, and acknowledged by those who have eyes to see as the highest goal of the religious quest.
Kung-An Ch’an And The Tsung-Men T’ung-Yao Chi
Authors: Shudo Ishii 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
T’ang dynasty Ch’an and Sung dynasty Ch’an are very different in character. Expressed in doctrinal terms, T’ang Ch’an represents “intrinsic enlightenment” (C. pen-chueh men, J. hongakumon) and Sung Ch’an represents “acquired (or experiential) enlightenment” (C. shih-chueh-men, J. shigakumon). In the case of “acquired enlightenment,” the practitioner cultivates enlightenment after awakening from delusion to the true nature of reality. This form of cultivation, unique to Sung Ch’an, is referred to as k’an-hua Ch’an (J. kanna Zen) or kung-an Ch’an (J. koan Zen). When we ask the question “What is a k6an?” the document commonly referred to for an explanation is the first chuan of the Shan-fang yeh-hua (Night Talks in the Mountain Hut), compiled by a Yuan dynasty representative of the Yang-ch’i branch of the Lin-chi lineage, Chungfeng Ming-pen (1263 1323).
The New Frontier at Home
Authors: Patterson James T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Inauguration day, January 20, 1961, was cold and bright, the sun reflecting brilliantly off new-fallen snow in Washington. The glare prevented the aging poet Robert Frost, who was invited to recite at the ceremony, from reading the poem he had composed for the occasion. He gave one instead from memory. But this was the only hitch in a memorable day. Thousands among the throng at the Capitol, and millions among those who watched the event on television, were captivated by the image of a youthful, vigorous, and eloquent Kennedy, who proclaimed his determination to advance American ideals throughout the world. Summoning the idealism and commitment of the American people, he told them: “Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.... Ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man.”
Book Two□part 3B: The Central Passover Mystery
Authors: Brodie Thomas L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Before the feast of the Passover, Jesus, knowing that his hour had come to depart from this world to the Father, having loved his own who were in the world, he loved them to the end. 2 And during supper, when the devil had already put [lit., thrown, hallo] it into the heart [kardia] that Judas, son of Simon the Iscariot, should hand him over, 3knowing that the Father had given all things into his hands, and that he had come from God and was going to God, 4he rose from the supper, and laid down his garments, and taking a towel girded himself. 5Then he put [lit., threw, hallo] water into a basin and began to wash the disciples’ feet and to wipe them with the towel with which he was girded.
Part 2 □The Second Year
Authors: Brodie Thomas L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The basic plot of Part 2 is relatively simple: beginning at Jerusalem, and with Nicodemus, Jesus goes through the land offering life. The action takes about a year-from one Passover to another (2:23, 6:4)-and it culminates in the contrasting reactions of Peter and Judas (6:66-71). The first part of the plot centers on a geographic movement from Jerusalem to Galilee, particularly on a journey from Judea to Cana, and during that process significant roles are played by four peoples-Nicodemus, John the baptizer, the woman of Samaria, and the Capernaum official whose son was sick (astheneo, “to be weak/sick”) (2:23-chap. 4).
The Raising of Lazarus and Its Consequences
Authors: Brodie Thomas L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The crisis of Lazarus’s sickness is all the more dramatic because Jesus’ response to it seems so measured. First he waits for two days, and afterwards he talks to the disciples. Later there are the two meetings-first with Martha, and next with Mary and the Jews. Only then does he call forth Lazarus. Yet the event is far from being anticlimactic. In fact, it is so striking that it leads the Sanhedrin to the most pivotal decision in the gospel-that Jesus must die. It is probably in this story, rather than in any other single NT episode, that one receives a sense of the day-to-day human reality of coping with sickness and death. Here there is no immediate intervention, no painless solution. The deceased is buried. Feelings vary.
The Glorification of Jesus
Authors: Brodie Thomas L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
John does indeed tell fully of Jesus’ death and resurrection, yet rather than speaking of two distinct processes-dying and rising-he tends, to a significant extent, to portray a single unified process, that of Jesus’ glorification. The conclusion of the trial before Pilate had spoken of the sixth hour (19:14), and, given the association of “the hour” with glorification (cf. esp. 12:23), the implication is that from now on the glorification is under way. The horror of crucifixion may seem to deny this, but insofar as the crucifixion involves a lifting up of Jesus, there is also a sense in which, as 12:23-33 suggests, the crucifixion inaugurates the glorification. Thus,