bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individual differences in children's recall and suggestibility: the effect of intelligence, temperament, and self‐perceptions
Authors: Chae Yoojin , Ceci Stephen J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThis study explored the effect of intelligence, temperament, and self‐perceptions on children's recall and suggestibility. The relationship between recall and suggestibility was also examined. A total of 134 children, 63 preschoolers and 71 second graders, were exposed to a staged event involving an argument between two adults in their classrooms and were interviewed approximately 1 week later. Children were then administered verbal and performance intelligence tests and a self‐perception measure assessing perceived general competence and social acceptance. Additionally, teachers completed a questionnaire to evaluate children's shyness and emotionality. Results revealed that children with higher verbal intelligence recalled more information spontaneously than those with lower verbal intelligence and that children who provided more accurate cued recall were less suggestible than those who gave less accurate cued recall. There was also a significant interaction effect of verbal intelligence×age on suggestibility, with verbal intelligence being associated with suggestibility for younger children, but not for older children. The effect of individual difference factors on recall and suggestibility differed across age groups. Possible explanations for the results and implications for future studies are discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Salinity and Mangrove Detritus on Desorption of Metals from Brackish Water Desorption of Metals from Brackish Water and Shrimp
Authors: Guhathakurta Himadri , Kaviraj Anilava 
Published: February 2005

AbstractDesorption and bioaccumulation of Cd, Zn, and Pb were studied using naturally contaminated sediment from a brackish water pond in the Sunderban Biosphere Reserve in India. Pattern of desorption of the metals from the sediment and bioaccumulation in fingerlings of the teleost Oreochromis mossambicusand postlarvae of the shrimp Penaeus monodon were studied as a function of salinity and loading of detritus of a mangrove plant. Effects of both salinity and loading of detritus on bioaccumulation of the metals were studied under two conditions: either the animals were allowed free access to the sediment or access was denied. Ninety‐six hour experiments showed that desorption of Cd and Pb from sediment into water increased with salinity of the medium while desorption of Zn decreased. Salinity of the medium also had a significant effect on the bioaccumulation of metals by fish; Cd and Pb accumulation decreased in saline medium while the accumulation of Zn increased. Conditions of access to sediment had no effect on the bioaccumulation of metals by fish; effect of interaction between salinity and access condition was also insignificant. The access conditions, however, significantly influenced accumulation of metal by the shrimp postlarvae. The effect of interaction between salinity and access condition was insignificant in influencing the bioaccumulation of all metals except Zn. The accumulation of Zn increased as a function of the salinity of the medium when shrimp postlarvae were allowed access to the sediment. Desorption of metals from sediment to water were below detection limits when detritus of a mangrove plant was added to the medium. Both the level of detritus and the conditions of access influenced accumulation of metals by fish, but the effect of interaction between the two factors were found to be insignificant. Shrimp postlarvae showed net accumulation only of Pb in the presence of detritus and the accumulation of Pb increased when the larvae were separated from the sediment. The results are important in understanding the mobility of metals between solid and aqueous phases in brackish water environments that experience periodic fluctuations in salinity and fluxes of organic load in the form of mangrove detritus.
Study on the nonisothermal crystallization process of mLLDPE/EVA blends using FTIR micro‐spectroscopy
Authors: Wu Tong , Li Ying , Wu Qiang , Wu Gang , Tan Hui‐Min 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe nonisothermal crystallization process has been investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) micro‐spectroscopy for the 40/60 wt % blends of metallocene linear low density polyethylene (m‐LLDPE) and ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) at the molecular level. In the cooling process, thermal spectra of mLLDPE/EVA blends were collected between 150°C and 67°C at 1°C interval. According to the van't Hoff equation at constant pressure, the changes of absorbance ratio corresponding to high and low vibrational states were calculated; hereby, apparent enthalpy differences of vibration energy states transformation (▵Hv) of characteristic groups could be obtained. Combining with DSC analysis, two exothermal peaks were examined in the crystallization process, corresponding to mLLDPE‐rich and EVA‐rich domains, respectively; while in comparison of the ▵Hv values of various characteristic groups corresponding to the two exothermal peaks, the bending vibrational mode of methylene groups has been found to make a prominent contribution to the movement and regular arrangement of mLLDPE and EVA chain segments towards each rich domain in the crystallizing process. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 261–267, 2005
Some properties of styrene‐based ionomers II
Authors: Suchocka‐Gałaś K. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractSome properties of styrene‐based ionomers obtained from copolymers styrene (S) and acrylic acid (AA) or methacrylic acid (MA) obtained in emulsion containing alkali metal salts have been investigated. A study has been conducted to examine the influence of the acid content and nature (acrylic or methacrylic) and nature of alkali metal salt on the glass transition temperature, density, melt index, and activation energy of flow of the styrene‐based ionomers.The present studies have indicated that the temperature of glass transition (Tg) of sodium ionomers increases as the sodium content rises, but the increase is lower than in the case of the ionomers based on copolymers obtained in bulk.The density of films rises with the content of alkali metal salt introduced to the polystyrene chain, and it is higher than in the case of the ionomers based on copolymers obtained in bulk containing almost the same content of alkali metal salts. Styrene ionomers containing alkali metal acrylates have higher densities than those containing alkali metal methacrylates. The melt index of the investigated ionomers depends on the amount and type of introduced acid and salt, as well as on the molecular weight of the initial copolymer. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 268–275, 2005
Mechanical properties and failure surface morphology of amine‐cured epoxy/clay nanocomposites
Authors: Miyagawa Hiroaki , Foo Kit H. , Daniel Isaac M. , Drzal Lawrence T. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe tensile and impact properties of amine‐cured diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A based nanocomposites reinforced by organomontmorillonite clay nanoplatelets are reported. The sonication processing scheme involved the sonication of the constituent materials in a solvent followed by solvent extraction to generate nanocomposites with homogeneous dispersions of the organoclay nanoplatelets. The microstructure of the clay nanoplatelets in the nanocomposites was observed with transmission electron microscopy, and the clay nanoplatelets were well dispersed and were intercalated and exfoliated. The tensile modulus of epoxy at room temperature, which was above the glass‐transition temperature of the nanocomposites, increased approximately 50% with the addition of 10 wt % (6.0 vol %) clay nanoplatelets. The reinforcing effect of the organoclay nanoplatelets was examined with respect to the Tandon–Weng and Halpin–Tsai models. The tensile strength was improved only when 2.5 wt % clay nanoplatelets were added. The Izod impact strength decreased with increasing clay content. The failure surfaces of the nanocomposites were observed with environmental scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The roughness of the failure surface was correlated with the tensile strength. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 281–287, 2005
Comparison about the structure and properties of PAN‐based activated carbon hollow fibers pretreated with different compounds containing phosphorus
Authors: Sun Junfen , Wu Lishun , Wang Qingrui 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPolyacrylonitrile (PAN) hollow fibers were pretreated with five different compounds containing phosphorus, including ammonium dibasic phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, triammonium phosphate, phosphoric acid, and metaphosphoric acid, and then further oxidized in air, carbonized in nitrogen, and activated with carbon dioxide. The effects of different compounds containing phosphorus as pretreating agents on the properties and structure of the resultant oxidized hollow fibers, carbon hollow fibers, and activated carbon hollow fibers are discussed. Comparing the Brunaner‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) surface area of PAN‐activated carbon hollow fibers (ACHF) pretreated with five different compounds, ammonium dibasic phosphate > triammonium phosphate > ammonium dihydrogen phosphate > phosphoric acid > metaphosphoric acid, and the surface area of mesopores in PAN‐ACHF pretreated with ammonium dibasic phosphate reaches maximum, 174 m2 g−1. The adsorption ratio to mesomolecule adsorbate, VB12, of PAN‐ACHF pretreated with ammonium dibasic phosphate also reaches maximum, 97.7 wt %. Moreover, the dominant pore sizes of PAN‐ACHF range from 2 to 5 nm in diameter. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 294–300, 2005
Structure and properties of strain‐induced crystallization rubber–clay nanocomposites by co‐coagulating the rubber latex and clay aqueous suspension
Authors: Wang Yiqing , Zhang Huifeng , Wu Youping , Yang Jun , Zhang Liqun 
Published: February 2005

AbstractNatural rubber (NR)–clay (clay is montmorillonite) and chloroprene rubber (CR)–clay nanocomposites were prepared by co‐coagulating the rubber latex and clay aqueous suspension. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the layers of clay were dispersed in the NR matrix at a nano level, and the aspect ratio (width/thickness) of the platelet inclusions was reduced and clay layers aligned more orderly during the compounding operation on an open mill. However, X‐ray diffraction indicated that there were some nonexfoliated clay layers in the NR matrix. Stress–strain curves showed that the moduli of NR were significantly improved with the increase of the amount of clay. At the same time, the clay layers inhibited the crystallization of NR on stretch, especially clay content of more than 10 phr. Compared with the carbon‐black‐filled NR composites, NR–clay nanocomposites exhibited high hardness, high modulus, high tear strength, and excellent antiaging and gas barrier properties. Similar to NR–clay nanocomposites, CR–clay nanocomposites also exhibited high hardness, high modulus, and high tear strength. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 318–323, 2005
Thermal analysis characterization of the degradation of biodegradable starch blends in soil
Authors: Lluch A. Vallés , Felipe A. Martínez , Greus A. Ribes , Cadenato A. , Ramis X. , Salla J. M. , Morancho J. M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractDynamic mechanical thermal analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis were used to monitor the degradation of biodegradable blends in soil from vegetal sources consisting of dispersed thermoplastic starch and cellulosic derivatives. First, the viscoelastic behavior of this blend was studied. A prominent relaxation process at about 90°C and an overlapped small relaxation in the vicinity of 160°C were identified and characterized. The specific parameters were evaluated as a function of the soil burial time. Interesting changes in the mechanical relaxation spectra were observed. The intensity of the prominent peak at 90°C tended to decrease with degradation as a result of the reduction in the number of amylose chains in the starch. Second, thermogravimetric thermograms provided a register of the moisture content in the samples and the starch chain removal due to the degradation process. The nonisothermal kinetics of the decomposition processes were analyzed by means of Broido's integral method. The thermal stabilities of the nondegraded and degraded blends were estimated. The activation energies related to the correspondent reactions were calculated and evaluated as a function of the soil burial time. Furthermore, we used DSC as a complementary characterization technique to obtain information about the combined effect of moisture and the morphological changes that took place at molecular levels during the biodegradation process. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 358–371, 2005
Spectroscopic characterization of microorganisms by Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy
Authors: Yu Chenxu , Irudayaraj Joseph 
Published: February 2005

AbstractSpectroscopic fingerprints of bacteria were investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy for the elucidation of chemical composition and structural information during growth. Good differentiation of six microorganisms was achieved down to the strain level. The inherent compositional and structural differences of cell envelopes and cytoplasm were investigated and utilized to obtain more detailed analysis of the spectroscopic features. Bands or regions of key functional groups were also identified in the original spectra. Microspectroscopic monitoring of bacterial growth demonstrated that FTIR spectroscopy cannot only provide molecular fingerprints of the cell envelope, but also compositional and metabolic information of the cytoplasm under different physiological conditions. This approach could be an effective alternative to traditional nutritional and biochemical methods to monitor and assess the effects of inhibitors and other environmental factors on microbial cell growth. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 77: 368–377, 2005
PdII‐Catalyzed Oxidative Dimeric Cyclization–Coupling Reaction of 2,3‐Allenoic Acids: An Efficient Synthesis of Bibutenolide Derivatives
Authors: Ma Shengming , Yu Zhanqian , Gu Zhenhua 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThree sets of convenient catalytic systems have been developed for the oxidative dimeric cyclization coupling of differently substituted 2,3‐allenoic acids catalyzed by PdII, affording bibutenolides that are not otherwise readily available. The advantages and disadvantages of these systems are discussed. Although the diastereoselectivity for the bicyclization of racemic 2,3‐allenoic acids is low, excellent diastereoselectivity was realized in the bicyclization reaction of optically active 2,3‐allenoic acids, leading to the optically active bibutenolides in high yields and ee. Based on a mechanistic study, it is believed that the reaction may proceed by means of a double oxypalladation and reductive elimination to yield butenolide 3 and Pd0 species, which may be reoxidized to the catalytically active PdII species in the presence of alkyl iodide/air, metallic iodide/air, or benzoquinone.
Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder
Authors: Choong Nicholas W. W. , Quevedo J. Fernando , Kaur Judith S. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDSmall cell carcinoma (SCC) of the urinary bladder accounts for 0.35–0.70% of all bladder tumors. There is no standard approach to the management of SCC of the urinary bladder.METHODSThe authors performed a retrospective study at Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN) to characterize the clinical and pathologic features of patients with SCC of the urinary bladder diagnosed between 1975 and 2003 with emphasis on management.RESULTSForty‐four patients were identified who had primary bladder SCC, 61.4% of whom had pure SCC. The male:female ratio was 3:1, the mean age was 66.9 years, and the mean follow‐up was 3.2 years. Twelve patients (27.3%) had Stage II disease, 13 patients (29.6%) had Stage III disease, and 19 patients (43.2%) had Stage IV disease. The overall median survival was 1.7 years. The 5‐year survival rates for patients with Stage II, III, and IV disease were 63.6%, 15.4%, and 10.5%, respectively. Six of eight patients with Stage II bladder SCC achieved a cure with radical cystectomy. Five patients with Stage IV disease had obvious metastases and received chemotherapy. Fourteen patients underwent radical cystectomy and were diagnosed later with locally advanced disease (T4b) or lymph node metastasis (N1–N3; Stage IV disease). Only 2 of 19 patients with Stage IV disease who received adjuvant chemotherapy were alive at 5 years.CONCLUSIONSPatients with bladder SCC should undergo radical cystectomy except when metastatic disease is present (M1), in which case, systemic chemotherapy is indicated. Adjuvant treatment is not indicated for patients with Stage II disease after radical cystectomy but should be considered for patients with Stage III and IV disease. Chemotherapy should be a platinum‐based regimen. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Retracted: Tumor necrosis factor enhances SN38‐mediated apoptosis in mesothelioma cells
Authors: Russo Patrizia , Catassi Alessia , Malacarne Davide , Margaritora Stefano , Cesario Alfredo , Festi Luigi , Mulé Antonino , Ferri Luigi , Granone Pierluigi 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIn the April 1, 2005, issue of Cancer, an article entitled “Tumor necrosis factor enhances SN38‐mediated apoptosis in mesothelioma cells: The role of nuclear factor‐κB pathway activation” was published by Dr. Russo and colleagues. On October 6, 2009, we were alerted to concerns about the integrity of the data in the article. A formal investigation was conducted by the Institutional Office for Research Integrity (UIR) at the National Institute for Cancer Research (IST) in Genoa, Italy. The investigation report from the UIR President, dated November 4, 2009, stated the following:“1) The internal investigation is concluded and no further analyses are planned on the issue.2) The UIR concluded that the article contains evidence of data fabrication/duplication.3) All the authors (either belonging or not to the IST) have been informed of the concerns about data integrity. Some authors acknowledged the conclusion stated in the previous point 2, others did not; however, none of them accepted the responsibility of having fabricated the data.”Based on this report and our concerns about the validity of the study, we hereby retract this article from Cancer and from the medical literature.Raphael E. Pollock, MD, PhD
Cellular and molecular tunnels surrounding the forebrain commissures of human fetuses
Authors: Lent Roberto , Uziel Daniela , Baudrimont Marie , Fallet Cathérine 
Published: February 2005

AbstractGlial cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules surround developing fiber tracts and are implicated in axonal pathfinding. These and other molecules are produced by these strategically located glial cells and have been shown to influence axonal growth across the midline in rodents. We searched for similar cellular and molecular structures surrounding the telencephalic commissures of fetal human brains. Paraffin‐embedded brain sections were immunostained for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin (VN) to identify glial cells; for microtubule‐associated protein‐2 (MAP‐2) and neuronal nuclear protein (NeuN) to document neurons; for neurofilament (NF) to identify axons; and for chondroitin sulfate (CS), tenascin (TN), and fibronectin (FN) to show the ECM. As in rodents, three cellular clusters surrounding the corpus callosum were identified by their expression of GFAP and VN (but not MAP‐2 or NeuN) from 13 to at least 18 weeks postovulation (wpo): the glial wedge, the glia of the indusium griseum, and the midline sling. CS and TN (but not FN) were expressed pericellularly in these cell groups. The anterior commissure was surrounded by a GFAP+/VN+ glial tunnel from 12 wpo, with TN expression seen between the GFAP+ cell bodies. The fimbria showed GFAP+/VN+ cells at its lateral and medial borders from 12 wpo, with pericellular expression of CS. The fornix showed GFAP+ cells somewhat later (16 wpo). Because these structures are similar to those described for rodents, we concluded that the axon guiding mechanisms postulated for commissural formation in nonhuman mammals may also be operant in the developing human brain. J. Comp. Neurol. 483:375–382, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Drebrin A is a postsynaptic protein that localizes in vivo to the submembranous surface of dendritic sites forming excitatory synapses
Authors: Aoki Chiye , Sekino Yuko , Hanamura Kenji , Fujisawa Sho , Mahadomrongkul Veeravan , Ren Yong , Shirao Tomoaki 
Published: February 2005

AbstractDrebrin A is a neuron‐specific, actin binding protein. Evidence to date is from in vitro studies, consistently supporting the involvement of drebrin A in spinogenesis and synaptogenesis. We sought to determine whether drebrin A arrives at the plasma membrane of neurons, in vivo, in time to orchestrate spinogenesis and synaptogenesis. To this end, a new antibody was used to locate drebrin A in relation to electron microscopically imaged synapses during early postnatal days. Western blotting showed that drebrin A emerges at postnatal day (PNd) 6 and becomes progressively more associated with F‐actin in the pellet fraction. Light microscopy showed high concentrations of drebrin A in the synaptic layers of the hippocampus and cortex. Electron microscopy revealed that drebrin A in these regions is located exclusively in dendrites both neonatally and in adulthood. In adulthood, nearly all of the synaptic drebrin A is within spines forming asymmetric excitatory synapses, verified by γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) negativity. At PNd7, patches of drebrin A immunoreactivity were discretely localized to the submembranous surfaces of dendrites forming slight protrusions—protospines. The drebrin A sites exhibited only thin postsynaptic densities and lacked axonal associations or were contacted by axons that contained only a few vesicles. Yet, because of their immunoreactivity to the NR2B subunit of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors and immunonegativity of axon terminals to GABA, these could be presumed to be nascent, excitatory synapses. Thus, drebrin A may be involved in organizing the dendritic pool of actin for the formation of spines and of axospinous excitatory synapses during early postnatal periods. J. Comp. Neurol. 483:383–402, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.