bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects on toes from prenatal exposure to anticonvulsants
Authors: Bokhari Aquba , Connolly Susan , Coull Brent A. , Harvey Elizabeth A. , Holmes Lewis B. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundChanges in the distal phalanges of the fingers, including coned epiphyses and hypoplasia of the phalanges, are recognized teratogenic effects of the anticonvulsant drugs phenytoin and phenobarbital. We hypothesized that the frequency of these changes would also be increased in the toes of children exposed to these drugs in comparison to unexposed children.MethodsWe report on the findings in an analysis of radiographs of the feet of 63 children exposed in utero to either phenytoin alone, phenobarbital alone or both drugs and 56 unexposed comparison children.ResultsOnly subtle changes were identified. The frequency of coned epiphyses and hypoplasia of phalanges of the toes was the same in both the anticonvulsant and unexposed children. Among the anticonvulsant‐exposed children, however, there was a strong association between the presence of coned epiphyses in the feet and in the hands: all five children with coned epiphyses in the hands, as described previously in the same individuals by Lu et al. ([2000] Teratology 61:277–283) had coned epiphyses in their feet (P = 0.0012). Measurements showed a shortening of metatarsals in all three treatment groups, but this was significant only in the phenytoin monotherapy‐exposed children.ConclusionsSubtle changes are present in the phalanges and metatarsals of the feet of anticonvulsant‐exposed children, but the overall frequency is much less than occurred in the hands of the same children. We conclude that the presence of either coned epiphyses or hypoplasia of the phalanges of the toes cannot be considered a distinctive feature of the teratogenicity of the anticonvulsant drugs phenytoin and phenobarbital. Teratology 66:122–126, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determining toxicity of leachates from Florida municipal solid waste landfills using a battery‐of‐tests approach
Authors: Ward Marnie L. , Bitton Gabriel , Townsend Timothy , Booth Matthew 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe toxicity and physicochemical parameters of municipal solid‐waste (MSW) landfill leachates from six sites in north and north‐central Florida, United States, were determined. Landfill leachates are complex mixtures of organic and inorganic constituents. Leachate toxicity was assayed using the acute C. dubia (48‐h) and Microtox™ (15‐min) assays and the chronic S. capricornutum (96‐h) assay. The landfill leachates were shown to be highly toxic to both C. dubia and S. capricornutum with an EC50 < 10% and < 15%, respectively. However, Microtox™ was not as sensitive to the leachates. Based on these results, the assays were ranked for their sensitivities to the landfill leachates; C. dubia > S. capricornutum > Microtox™. Chemical analyses showed high concentrations of un‐ionized ammonia and salts in the landfill leachates but low concentrations of heavy metals. The toxicity of the landfill leachates varied between the sites sampled and within each of the landfill sites. A significant relationship was found between the total ammonia content of the leachates and toxicity as determined by the C. dubia and S. capricornutum assays. Although the chemical constituents in Florida MSW landfill leachates may be more dilute, the toxicity of the leachates is equivalent to that from industrial waste landfills. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 17: 258–266, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/tox.10053
The influence of maternal exposure to volatile organic compounds on the cytokine secretion profile of neonatal T cells
Authors: Lehmann I. , Thoelke A. , Rehwagen M. , Rolle‐Kampczyk U. , Schlink U. , Schulz R. , Borte M. , Diez U. , Herbarth O. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIndoor VOC (volatile organic compound) exposure has been shown to be correlated with airway symptoms and allergic manifestations in children. An investigation was conducted within an ongoing birth cohort study (LISA: Lifestyle–Immune System–Allergy) of the association between maternal exposure to VOCs and immune status at birth, in particular the cytokine secretion profile of cord‐blood T cells. In a randomly selected group of 85 neonates, cytokine‐producing cord‐blood T cells were analyzed using intracellular cytokine detection. VOC exposure was measured in children's dwellings by passive sampling, while parents were asked to complete questionnaires about possible sources of VOC exposure. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were calculated by logistic regression based on categorized quartiles. A positive association was found between elevated percentages of interleukin‐4‐producing (IL‐4) type 2 T cells and exposure to naphthalene (OR = 2.9) and methylcyclopentane (OR = 3.3). Exposure to tetrachloroethylene was associated with reduced percentages of interferon‐γ‐producing (IFN‐γ) type 1 T cells (OR = 2.9). In addition, smoking during pregnancy was correlated with a higher indoor air concentration of naphthalene (OR = 3.8), new carpets in infants' bedrooms with elevated methylcyclopentane concentrations (OR = 4.1), and home renovation with a higher trichloroethylene burden (OR = 4.9). Our data suggest that maternal exposure to VOC may have an influence on the immune status of the newborn child. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 17: 203–210, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/tox.10055
Exploiting coherence in hierarchical visibility algorithms
Authors: Bittner Jiří , Havran Vlastimil 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe present a series of simple improvements that make use of temporal and spatial coherence in the scope of hierarchical visibility algorithms. Thehierarchy updatingavoids visibility tests of certain interior nodes of the hierarchy. Thevisibility propagationalgorithm reuses information about visibility of neighbouring spatial regions. Finally, theconservative hierarchy updatingavoids visibility tests of the hierarchy nodes that are expected to remain visible. We evaluate the presented methods in the context of hierarchical visibility culling usingocclusion trees. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detached‐eddy simulation of flow around the NREL Phase VI blade
Authors: Johansen J. , Sørensen N. N. , Michelsen J. A. , Schreck S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe detached‐eddy simulation model implemented in the computational fluid dynamics code EllipSys3D is used to calculate the flow around the non‐rotating NREL Phase VI wind turbine blade. Results are presented for flow around a parked blade at fixed angle of attack and a blade pitching along the blade axis. Computed blade characteristics are compared with experimental data from the NREL/NASA Ames Phase VI unsteady experiment. The detached‐eddy simulation model is a method for predicting turbulence in computational fluid dynamics computations, which combines a Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes method in the boundary layer with a large‐eddy simulation in the free shear flow. The present study focuses on static and dynamic stall regions highly relevant for stall‐regulated wind turbines. Computations do predict force coefficients and pressure distributions fairly well. Results using detached‐eddy simulation show considerably more three‐dimensional flow structures compared to conventional two‐equation Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes turbulence models, but no particular improvements are seen in the global blade characteristics. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Navier–Stokes predictions of the NREL phase VI rotor in the NASA Ames 80 ft × 120 ft wind tunnel
Authors: Sørensen N. N. , Michelsen J. A. , Schreck S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis article describes the application of an incompressible Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes solver to several upwind cases from the NREL/NASA Ames wind tunnel tests. In connection with the NREL blind code comparison the present results showed the overall best agreement with experimental measurements. Based on this, it is of great interest to demonstrate the quality that can be obtained in 3D CFD rotor computations. All six cases we present have 0° yaw angle and 3° tip pitch angle. All computations are performed as rotor‐only computations, excluding the tower and nacelle. In this article we compare computed results and measurements in the form of shaft torque, flap and edge moments, aerodynamic coefficients and pressure distributions as a function of wind speed. The spanwise force distributions are compared with measurements for all wind speeds, along with the pressure distributions at five spanwise positions. Finally, we show how 3D CFD computations can be used to extract information about three‐dimensional aerodynamic effects. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dimensions and composition of eggs from captive bustards (Gruiformes: Otididae): houbara (Chlamydotis undulata), rufous‐crested (Eupodotis ruficrista), and kori (Ardeotis kori)
Authors: Anderson Susan J. , Deeming Denis C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis study sought to increase understanding of the size and composition of eggs from two subspecies of houbara bustard (Chlamydotis undulata macqueenii and C. u. undulata). Eggs from the rufous‐crested bustard (Eupodotis ruficrista) and kori bustard (Ardeotis kori) were also examined for comparison. Infertile eggs were collected from captive birds; egg mass and linear dimensions were recorded, and egg component masses were determined wet and dry. Significant differences were observed in the composition of the eggs from the two houbara subspecies. Despite being smaller in size, eggs from the macqueenii subspecies had a relatively larger yolk (and relatively less albumen) than eggs from the undulata subspecies. The relative composition of the rufous‐crested and kori bustard eggs showed patterns similar to that of the undulata eggs. For the houbara bustards, changes in initial egg mass (IEM) were associated with changes in egg length more than egg breadth, and changes in egg length and breadth appeared to be due more to increases in albumen mass than to increases in yolk mass. Zoo Biol 21:337–346, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electron‐microscopical localization of chloroplast proteins by immunogold labelling on cryo‐embedded spinach leaves
Authors: Adler Klaus , Arkona Christoph , Manteuffel Renate , Süss Karl‐Heinz 
Published: October 2002

AbstractCryo‐substituted spinach leaf pieces, embedded in LR‐White resin by chemical polymerization at low temperature, were used to localize enzymes within chloroplasts by immuno‐electron microscopy. Employing monospecific antibodies and protein A‐gold as label, the spatial distribution of six chloroplast enzymes was investigated. Statistical methods were used to determine whether each enzyme was bound to the thylakoids. By this means the coupling factor 1 (CF1), ferredoxin‐NADP+ reductase, sedoheptulosebisphosphatase, and ribulose‐5‐phosphate kinase were found to be membrane‐associated. In case of glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase the label was only weak and an unequivocal determination of its location was not possible. In contrast, ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase was randomly distributed throughout the chloroplast.
Combined biochemical and immunocytochemical analyses of postmortem protein deimination in the rat spinal cord
Authors: Asaga Hiroaki , Senshu Tatsuo 
Published: October 2002

AbstractImmunocytochemical staining of citrulline‐containing proteins, i.e. products of endogenous peptidylarginine deiminase (EC 3.5.3.15) reaction, has been performed by chemical modification of citrulline residues in situ, followed by probing with IgG specific to the modified residues. Rat spinal cords that had been preincubated in vitro to accelerate the enzyme reaction were used as samples. Not only astrocytes but also the cytoplasm of some large neurons were stained. Usefulness of the method for studying nervous tissue damage was suggested.
The involvement of the cytoskeleton in regulating IP3 receptor‐mediated internal Ca2+ release in human blood platelets.
Authors: Bourguignon Lilly Y. W. , Iida Naoko , Jin Hengtao 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this study we have used saponin to permeabilize platelet membranes in order to test directly the involvement of IP3 in regulating internal Ca2+ release, and to measure IP3 binding to its receptor. Our results indicate that platelet vesicles release Ca2+ as early as 3 seconds after IP3 addition. Using [3H]IP3, we have found that platelets contain a single class of high affinity IP3 binding sites with a Kd of ∼0.20 (± 0.01) nM. Immuno‐blotting shows that platelets contain a 260 kDa polypeptide which shares immunological cross reactivity with brain IP3 receptor. Immunofluorescence staining data indicate that the IP3 receptor is preferentially located at the periphery of the platelet plasma membrane. Most importantly, both IP3 binding and IP3‐induced Ca2+ release activities are significantly inhibited by cytochalasin D (a microfilament inhibitor) and colchicine (a microtubule inhibitor). These findings suggest that the cytoskeleton is involved in the regulation of IP3 binding and IP3 receptor‐mediated Ca2+ release during platelet activation.
Localization of MPM‐2 recognized phosphoproteins and tubulin during cell cycle progression in synchronized Vicia faba root meristem cells.
Authors: Binarova P. , Cihalikova J. , Dolezel J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMPM‐2 antibody reacts with a subset of mitotic phosphoproteins. We followed localization of MPM‐2 immunoreactive material and localization of microtubules during cell cycle progression in a highly synchronous population of Vicia faba root meristem cells and isolated nuclei. The MPM‐2 antibody labelling showed significant cell cycle dependence. MPM‐2 nuclear reactivity was weak and homogeneous in G1 and S phase of the cell cycle and became stronger and heterogeneous during G2, resembling staining of the nuclear matrix, with maximum staining at the G2/M interface. Similarly the staining intensity of nucleoli increased from late G1 phase to nucleoli dispersion in early prophase. During mitosis MPM‐2 immunoreactivity was associated with spindle configurations and the brightest signal was localized in kinetochores from prophase to metaphase.
Steroidogenesis in immature chicken ovary. Hormonal stimulation of adenylyl cyclase system by luteinizing hormone and β‐adrenergic agonists
Authors: Gonzalez Claudia B. , Cantore Maria L. , Passeron Susana 
Published: October 2002

ABSTRACTThe presence of a hormonally responsive adenylyl cyclase in the immature chicken ovary was investigated. We found that there was a highly significant difference (P< 0. 05) between basal and LH and catecholamine activatable activities. In addition, the basal activity was stimulated by NaF, forskolin and the non‐hydrolyzable GTP analogue guanosine‐5′‐(β, gamma;‐imido)‐triphosphate (GMPP(NH)P. The action of catecholamines on cyclic AMP and progesterone production was also investigated and compared to that of LH. The stimulatory effect of isoproterenol on cyclic AMP and progesterone production was significantly higher (P< 0.05) than that of LH. The β‐adrenergic antagonist propranolol caused complete inhibition of the stimulatory action of catecholamines. Progesterone accumulation induced by LH or isoproterenol was synergistically augmentated by the simultaneous presence of both inducers.
Ecto‐ATPases and 5′‐nucleotidases in the caveolae of smooth muscle. Enzyme‐histochemical evidence may indicate a role for caveolae in neurotransmission.
Authors: Kittel Agnes , Bácsy Ernö 
Published: October 2002

ABSTRACTWe have demonstrated the localization of ecto‐Ca‐ATPase and 5′‐nucleotidase activity in the caveolae of smooth muscle cells of guinea pig vas deferens and the ileum longitudinal muscle strips with a cerium‐precipitation enzyme‐cytochemical method. The activities seemed to be strongest in the caveolae. Since the simultaneous presence of the 5′‐nucleotidase activity supports the hypothesis that this ecto‐Ca‐ATPase activity does not have a pump function, but, together with 5′‐nucleotidase, may play a role in neurotransmission, these specific membrane invaginations, the caveolae, have a functional relationship with transverse tubules of striated muscle.
Expression and localization of mRNA encoding 16 kD subunit of vacuolar H+‐ATPase in rat brain
Authors: Numata Masayuki , Ohkuma Shoji , Iseki Shoichi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe 16 kD subunit of vacuolar H+‐ATPase (V‐ATPase) is essential for pumping protons into intracellular organella. Northern blot analysis revealed that the 16 kD subunit of V‐ATPase is abundantly expressed in rat brain, and that the amount of transcripts is higher in the postnatal 15 days than in the adult age. On in situ hybridization, the mRNA signal for 16 kD subunit of V‐ATPase was detected widely over the brain tissues of both adult and postnatal rats, with higher intensity in most of the gray matters located in the cerebellar cortex, hippocampus, thalamic nuclei, pontin nuclei, and olfactory bulb. In contrast, the signal in the cerebral cortex was preferentially enriched in the surface layers in the postnatal 10 days but was distributed diffusely and weakly over the entire layers thereafter. In all regions of brain, the mRNA signal was located predominantly in the neurons rather than in the glial components.
Reversible macrophage differentiation induced in a new human myeloid cell line by gamma interferon.
Authors: Pintér Claudia , Magnani Ivana , Paini Cinzia , Clivio Alberto 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA new cell line was established from the bone marrow of a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia. The cells were attributed an intermediate myeloid phenotype on the basis of their cytochemical features and membrane antigen expression. These cells respond to both chemical and physiological activators of the signal transduction pathways with growth arrest and phenotype changes. Macrophage maturation can be induced in a fraction of the cells by gamma‐interferon (γ‐IFN). Cells are however recruited again into the cell cycle by recultivation in γ‐IFN‐free medium: variants unresponsive to γ‐IFN, and others which show either reversible or irreversible differentiation were isolated from the original cell line by cloning and sib‐selection. These clones can be used to investigate the relationship between γ‐IFN response pathways and cell proliferation.
Reduction of extracellular superoxide dismutase activity by decapeptide derived from FGF‐receptor
Authors: Willems Jean , Noppe Wim , Slegers Herman 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSeveral synthetic decapeptides containing an HAV tripeptide motif were tested for their ability to modulate the enzymatic activity of rat extracellular SOD, an enzyme which also contains an HAV motif. Out of nine decapeptides that were tested, only a FGF‐receptor derived peptide was active as a negative modulator of enzyme activity. These results strenghten the thesis that HAV motifs are not only involved in homophilic interactions and suggest that soluble FGF‐receptor molecules might moderate the activity of extracellular SOD.
Microjet impingement followed by scanning electron microscopy as a qualitative technique to compare cellular adhesion to various biomaterials
Authors: Richards R. Geoffrey , Gwynn Ap Iolo , Bundy Kirk J. , Rahn Berton A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAdhesion of cells to biomaterial surfaces is one of the major factors which mediates their biocompatibility. Quantitative or qualitative cell adhesion measurements would be useful for screening new implant materials. Microjet impingement has been evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, to determine to what extent it measures cell adhesion. The shear forces of the impingement, on the materials tested here, are seen to be greater than the cohesive strength of the cells in the impinged area, causing their rupture. The cell bodies are removed during impingement, leaving the sites of adhesion and other cellular material behind. Thus the method is shown not to provide quantification of cell adhesion forces for the metals and culture plastic tested. It is suggested that with highly adherent biomaterials, the distribution and patterns of these adhesion sites could be used for qualitative comparisons for screening of implant surfaces.
Redistribution of nuclear envelope associated antigen during the mitotic cycle.
Authors: Batova I. N. , Kyurkchiev St. D. , Russev R. , Kehayov I. R. 
Published: October 2002

ABSTRACTMurine hybridomas were generated to DNA/tight binding proteins complex isolated from the residual nuclear structure following a procedure analogous to that yielding "empty" shells of nuclear envelope. A monoclonal antibody designated 2A8 was selected because of its differential immunostaining of mitotic cells of a synchronized mouse fibroblast cell culture L‐929. The target antigen was rendered insoluble by a sequence of extractions of isolated nuclei of diverse cell types with detergents, urea, DNase I and alkali thus reproducing some solubility properties of proteins constituting an operationally defined residual nuclear matrix. The cognate polypeptide was localized on a subset of proteins of Mr 58‐65 kDa, 70 kDa in isolated fibroblast nuclear matrices. The functional implication of the antigen in mitosis‐related disassembly‐assembly process of the nuclear matrix/envelope was detected. At prophase the antibody decorated the nuclear periphery and nuclear envelope fixed inward filaments. A fibrous network of cytoplasmic localization was stained in metaphase. At anaphase the antigen was dispositioned into peripheral fibrogranular clusters of polar orientation predominantly on one side of the nucleus. Proceeding to telophase a spreading fluorescence was manifested over the entire contour of the nuclear periphery to delineate the reforming nucleus. By immunogold electron microscopy of interphase cells the antigen was identified as evenly distributed in chromatin and interchromatin regions. At initiation of chromosome condensation in mitosis the label was detected predominantly in the chromosomal area.
Insulin‐like growth factors.
Authors: Schmid Christof 
Published: October 2002

ABSTRACTThe insulin‐like growth factors I and II are single chain polypeptides homologous to proinsulin. IGF I and IGF II contribute to cell regulation and stimulate protein synthesis via signaling through type I receptors which are homologous to insulin receptors and activate phosphorylation cascades. IGFs enhance the proliferation of chondocytes and the proliferation of their collagen and proteoglycan matrix; IGFs stimulate longitudinal (endochondral) bone growth. Throughout life, IGFs are constitutvely expressed ubiquitous factors which help to maintain the survival of differentiated cells, Increased expression is found during growth and tissue repair, Six specific binding proteins, IGFBP 1‐6, allow additional tissue compartment specific control of IGF activity; IGFBP production favours storage and IGFBP cleavage leads to activation.
F‐actin in mitotic spindles of synchronized suspension culture cells of tobacco visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy
Authors: Kengen Harry M. P. , Eygensteyn Jelle , van Amstel Ton N. M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTRITC‐labelled phalloidin was used to visualize F‐actin distribution during mitosis in Nicotiana tabacum BY‐2 suspension cells. Aphidicolin was used to synchronize cell suspensions, which enabled sufficient numbers of mitotic cells to be obtained. F‐actin was present in the spindle, and its orientation seemed to correlate with the known microtubular arrays. The use of confocal microscopy greatly reduced background fluorescence, and therefore fine actin filaments could be observed in spindles previously thought to be devoid of actin.