bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Penetration Behavior of Molten Cast Iron into the Sand Mold
Authors: Matsushita Taishi , Belov Ilja , Svidró József Tamás , Svidró Judit , Diószegi Attila 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAn evaluation method for the initial penetration of molten cast iron into the sand mold was suggested based on the laboratory-scale penetration experiments for the cast iron. The horizontal penetration depth of the molten cast iron into the sand core was analyzed using the capillary model. The early stage of the penetration was discussed, and it was clarified that the penetration is not stopped by the solidification but is stopped by the decreasing of the equivalent pore radius. It was explained that the equivalent pore radius decreases with increasing the penetration depth, and the penetration is stopped when the critical pressure, i.e., the pressure required for the penetration, becomes higher than the pressure which is acting on the penetration front. Based on the analysis, an evaluation method of the penetration of depth at the early stage of the penetration was suggested. The analysis method was applied for the other type of metals (mercury and steel) as well, and reasonable results were obtained. A simplified finite-element model of liquid iron penetration into a sand core was developed, accounting for heat exchange between the melt and the porous medium, at different pore geometries.
Lord of the Words
Authors: Cuntz-Leng Vera , Leng Christof , Ellsworth Michael 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungDas Ziel dieses Aufsatzes ist ein Vergleich des Textkorpus von auf der Multifandom-Fanfiction-Plattform Archive of our Own hochgeladener The Lord of the Rings-Fanfiction mit der von J.R.R. Tolkien verfassten Roman-Trilogie (1954). Mithilfe digitaler Scraping-Tools, die am International Computer Science Institute in Berkeley entwickelt wurden, wird ein Vergleich des vollständigen Romantextes mit der zum Zeitpunkt der Erhebung am 30.07.2014 auf der Multifandom-Fanfictionplattform Archive of our Own hochgeladenen knapp 7.500 englischsprachigen The Lord of the Rings-Fanfictions möglich – mittlerweile hat sich die Zahl der Texte in diesem Fandom verfünffacht. Unser Forschungsziel ist es, mittels distant reading bestimmte Figuren, Beziehungen der Figuren zueinander (Pairings) und Verwendung findende Worte und Motive zu identifizieren, die von Fanfiction-Autor:innen ignoriert, aufgegriffen, neu hinzugefügt oder eher aus den Blockbuster-Filmen von Peter Jackson als aus Tolkiens Werken entlehnt werden. Die Studie soll hierdurch einen Beitrag zum besseren Verständnis der Beziehung zwischen Fanobjekt und Fantext leisten.
Observation and restriction of Aculops lycopersici dispersal in tomato layer cultivation
Authors: Pfaff Alexander , Gabriel Doreen , Böckmann Elias 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe tomato russet miteAculops lycopersicihas become a challenging pest in tomato production in the EU. The number of available acaricides is low, and the efficacy of biological control is limited. With this study, we aim to understand better the unhindered dispersal dynamics and develop a method to reduce dispersal on plants.To better understand the dynamics ofA. lycopersicidispersal in layered tomato cultivation under practical conditions, a first trial was carried out. The trial confirmed that firstA. lycopersicisymptoms in practical cultivation usually occur in the lower or the middle third of tomato plants and then move upwards on plants. It was observed that plants, for a limited period of time often are able to grow new healthy leaves in the same pace as existing leaves, mostly in the lower and middle part of the plant are damaged byA. lycopersici. This is possible due to the fast growth rate of hybrid tomato varieties in layer cultivation. To test if the observed effect can be supported by further slowing down the upwards movement of the pest, a second trial was conducted. Here, the stems of inoculated tomato plants were blocked weekly forA. lycopersiciby applying a ring of insect glue 15 cm below the tip of the plants. This stem blockage severely impaired the only active dispersal mode ofA. lycopersici: walking. The growth of new plant material, when the method is applied, is able to exceed the speed with whichA. lycopersicidestroys plant material in layered tomato cultivation. This resulted in significantly less plant damage and prevented fruit damage on all treated plants. The approach of manipulating the plant stem and thereby restricting the movement of the mite on tomato plants could potentially be exploited for plant protection purposes under practical conditions.
The variant of efforts avoiding strain: successful correction of a scientific discourse related to COVID-19
Authors: Lim Dongwoo , Toriumi Fujio , Yoshida Mitsuo , Tanaka Mikihito , Yang Kunhao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study focuses on how scientifically accurate information is disseminated through social media, and how misinformation can be corrected. We have identified examples on Twitter where scientific terms that have been widely misused have been rectified and replaced by scientifically accurate terms through the interaction of users. The results show that the percentage of accurate terms (“variant” or “COVID-19 variant”) being used instead of the inaccurate terms (“strain”) on Twitter has already increased since the end of December 2020. This was about a month before the release of an official statement by the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases regarding the accurate terminology, and the use of terms on social media was faster than it was in television. Some Twitter users who quickly started using the accurate term were more likely to retweet messages sent by leading influencers on Twitter, rather than messages sent by traditional media or portal sites. However, a few Twitter users continued to use wrong terms even after March 2021, even though the use of the accurate terms was widespread. This study empirically verified that self-correction occurs even on Twitter, and also suggested that influencers with expertise can influence the direction of public opinion on social media.
Coercion or Privatization? Crisis and Planned Economies in the Debates of the Early Frankfurt School
Authors: Corradetti Claudio 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe 1930s–1940s underwent profound structural economic and political turmoil following the collapse of the nineteenth century liberal market economies. The intellectual debates of the time were dominated by the question of whether Marx’s theory of the tendency of rate of profit to fall was true, or what consequence could be imagined in the survival of capitalist societies. Placed in the middle of such debates was also the reorganization of national productions into war economies. By means of reconstructive analysis, the paper provides a critical overview of the debates that took place within the circle of the Frankfurt School during those years. It also advances an interpretive thesis suggesting that remedies to capitalist crises of the time turned state powers into privatized, illiberal coercive entities. Coercion and privatization reinforced each other. This general tendency is well illustrated by the famous Pollock-Neumann debate. These intellectuals expressed views not only intended to shed light on the historical period of time, but also to formulate long-term considerations on the authoritarian trends embedded in our contemporary democracies. Through historical reconstruction, the paper’s aim is to identify a long-term structural thread of transformation starting from the transformation of the German economy in 1930s and touching upon post Second World War problems of states’ restructuring along privatization/coercion divides.
Identification of leukocyte-lymphocyte ratio as a novel prognostic factor in Peripheral T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Gao Shi-Qi , Lei Bo-Ya , Xu Yue , Zhang Zi-Jian , Niu Xing-Jian , Zhao Wen-Hui , Zhang Qing-Yuan , Zhao Shu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) is notorious for its heterogeneity as well as poor prognosis. High mortality remains a challenge. Our study aims to assess whether the leukocyte-lymphocyte ratio (LLR) and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) can be applied as prognostic indexes for patients with PTCL and supplement the prognostic system of PTCL.

Methods
We reviewed the data of 108 newly diagnosed PTCL patients in the clinic. The χ2 test was applied to contrast baseline characteristics between patients in different groups divided according to the cut-off value of LLR or NLR. The Kaplan-Meier method was adapted to develop the survival curve. The COX ratio risk regression model was used to identify the indexes related to patient survival.

Results
LLR ≥ 10.30, NLR ≥ 8.25, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score ≥ 2, International prognostic index (IPI) score > 2, Prognostic Index for T cell lymphoma (PIT) ≥ 2, B symptom, Ann Arbor stage III-IV and high level of Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) were poor prognosis factors impacting patients’ overall survival (OS) by the univariate analysis. The multivariate analysis illustrated that only LLR ≥ 10.30 was significantly related to OS (P all < 0.05).

Conclusion
Overall, our analysis revealed that LLR ≥ 10.30 was significantly associated with poorer OS and was a novel prognostic index for PTCL.
Surrogate Ensemble-Assisted Hyper-Heuristic Algorithm for Expensive Optimization Problems
Authors: Zhong Rui , Yu Jun , Zhang Chao , Munetomo Masaharu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel surrogate ensemble-assisted hyper-heuristic algorithm (SEA-HHA) to solve expensive optimization problems (EOPs). A representative HHA consists of two parts: the low-level and the high-level components. In the low-level component, we regard the surrogate-assisted technique as a type of search strategy and design the four search strategy archives: exploration strategy archive, exploitation strategy archive, surrogate-assisted estimation archive, and mutation strategy archive as low-level heuristics (LLHs), each archive contains one or more search strategies. Once the surrogate-assisted estimation archive is activated to generate the offspring individual, SEA-HHA first selects the dataset for model construction from three principles: All Data, Recent Data, and Neighbor, which correspond to the global and the local surrogate model, respectively. Then, the dataset is randomly divided into training and validation data, and the most accurate model built by polynomial regression (PR), support vector regression (SVR), and Gaussian process regression (GPR) cooperates with the infill sampling criterion is employed for solution estimation. In the high-level component, we design a random selection function based on the pre-defined probabilities to manipulate a set of LLHs. In numerical experiments, we compare SEA-HHA with six optimization techniques on 5-D, 10-D, and 30-D CEC2013 benchmark functions and three engineering optimization problems with only 1000 fitness evaluation times (FEs). The experimental and statistical results show that our proposed SEA-HHA has broad prospects for dealing with EOPs.
High Rates of Undiagnosed Target Organ Damage Among Adults with Elevated Blood Pressure or Diabetes Mellitus in a Community-Based Survey in Lesotho
Authors: Firima Emmanuel , Gonzalez Lucia , Khan Moazziz Ali , Manthabiseng Molulela , Sematle Mamoronts’sane P. , Bane Matumaole , Khomolishoele Makhebe , Leisa Ikhetheleng , Retselisitsoe Lefokotsane , Burkard Thilo , Seelig Eleonara , Lee Tristan , Chammartin Frédérique , Gupta Ravi , Leigh Bailah , Weisser Maja , Amstutz Alain , Labhardt Niklaus Daniel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Prevalence of elevated blood pressure (BP) and diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing in sub-Saharan Africa. Data on target organ damage such as retinopathy, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), renal impairment and peripheral neuropathy (PN) among persons with elevated BP and/or DM in sub-Saharan Africa remain scarce.

Aim
To determine at community-level the prevalence of retinopathy, LVH, renal impairment, and PN among adults with elevated BP and/or DM, and assess the association of elevated BP and/or DM with target organ damage in Lesotho.

Methods
During a household-based survey, a sub-sample of adults with elevated BP (≥ 140/90 mmHg) and/or DM (glycosylated hemoglobin ≥ 6.5%), as well as comparators (BP < 140/90 mmHg, HbA1c < 6.5%) were screened for retinopathy, LVH, renal impairment, and PN. We used multivariable logistic regression for inferential analysis.

Results
Out of 6108 participants screened during the survey, 420 with elevated BP only, 80 with DM only, 61 with elevated BP and DM, and 360 comparators were assessed for target organ damage. Among those with elevated BP, and among those with DM with or without elevated BP, prevalence of retinopathy was 34.6% (89/257) and 14.4% (15/104); renal impairment was 45.0% (156/347) and 42.4% (56/132), respectively. Among those with elevated BP, 2.3% (7/300) and 65.7% (224/341) had LVH and left ventricular concentric remodeling, respectively. PN, only assessed among those with DM, was present in 32.6% (42/129). Elevated BP was associated with increased odds of retinopathy (aOR, 19.13; 95% CI, 8.52–42.94; P < 0.001) and renal impairment (aOR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.27–2.55; P = 0.001). Presence of both elevated BP and DM was associated with an increased odds of retinopathy (aOR, 16.30; 95%CI, 5.69–46.68; P < 0.001), renal impairment (aOR, 2.55; 95% CI, 1.35–4.81; P = 0.004), and PN (aOR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.04–4.38; P = 0.040).

Conclusion
We found a high prevalence of undiagnosed target organ damage among adults with elevated BP and/or DM during community-based screening. These findings emphasize the importance of regular prevention and screening activities in this setting.
Water-saving techniques: physiological responses and regulatory mechanisms of crops
Authors: Chen Yu , Leng Ya-Nan , Zhu Fu-Yuan , Li Si-En , Song Tao , Zhang Jianhua 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWater-saving irrigation techniques play a crucial role in addressing water scarcity challenges and promoting sustainable agriculture. However, the selection of appropriate water-saving irrigation methods remains a challenge in agricultural production. Additionally, the molecular regulatory mechanisms of crops under water-saving irrigation are not yet clear. This review summarizes the latest research developments in the application of different water-saving irrigation technologies to five important crops (rice, wheat, soybeans, maize, and cotton). It provides an overview of the impact of different irrigation techniques on crop yield, water use efficiency (WUE), physiology, growth, and environmental effects. Additionally, the review compares and contrasts the molecular regulatory mechanisms of crops under water-saving irrigation techniques with those under traditional drought stress, emphasizing the significance of combining irrigation technologies with genetic engineering for developing drought-resistant varieties and improving WUE. Furthermore, the integration of various technologies can stimulate new management strategies, optimize water resource utilization, and enhance sustainability, representing a major focus for future research. In conclusion, this review underscores the importance of water-saving irrigation technologies, especially when combined with genetic engineering, in addressing water resource scarcity, increasing crop yields, and promoting sustainable agriculture.
Optimization of central carbon metabolism by Warburg effect of human cancer cell improves triterpenes biosynthesis in yeast
Authors: Lin Xiaona , An Tianyue , Fu Danni , Duan Sujuan , Jin Hong-Lei , Wang Hong-Bin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOptimizing central carbon metabolism (CCM) represents an attractive and challenging strategy to improve the biosynthesis of valuable chemicals due to the complex regulation of the CCM in yeast. In this study, we triggered the similar Warburg effect of cancer cells in yeast strains by introducing the human hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) complex, which regulated the expression of numerous enzymes involved in CCM and redirected the metabolic flux from glycolysis to tricarboxylic acid cycle. This redirection promoted the production of squalene to a 2.7-fold increase than the control strain BY4741. Furthermore, the HIF-1 complex boosted the production of represented endogenous triterpenoid ergosterol to 1145.95 mg/L, and exogenous triterpenoid lupeol to 236.35 mg/L in shake flask cultivation, 10.5-fold and 9.2-fold increase than engineered strains without HIF-1 complex integration, respectively. This study provides a novel strategy for optimizing CCM by HIF-1 mediated Warburg effect of cancer cells to improve biosynthesis of triterpenoids in yeast.
ArchaeoSRP
Authors: Bergin Sean , Snitker Grant 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFor much of its history, archaeological research has relied on site-specific projects, regional comparisons, and theory building from case studies. However, recent research themes concerning the emergence of complex social-ecological systems and long-term land-use legacies require a new approach to archaeological data. Large-scale syntheses of archaeological data provide an effective way forward to address these new research themes. In more concise terms, “big questions” require “big data” to help answer them. The archaeological information collected by the USDA Forest Service is one such “big dataset” and represents an incalculable investment in time, resources, and expertise. This article explores this concept and presents an R package (ArchaeoSRP) designed to extract archaeological information from USDA Forest Service site record files. We demonstrate the functionality of this R package through a case study examining the archaeological data for the Cle Elum Ranger District, within Central Washington's Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest. Our results reveal the efficiency of using automated methods to extract, organize, and synthesize district-level archaeological data, which, in turn, reveal patterns of precontact and historic land use that were otherwise not distinguishable.
Modelling repetition in zDM: A single population of repeating fast radio bursts can explain CHIME data
Authors: James C.W. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRegardless of whether or not all fast radio bursts (FRBs) repeat, those that do form a population with a distribution of rates. This work considers a power-law model of this population, with rate distribution$\Phi_r \sim R^{{\gamma_r}}$between${R_{\rm min}}$and${R_{\rm max}}$. ThezDMcode is used to model the probability of detecting this population as either apparently once-off or repeat events as a function of redshift,z, and dispersion measure, DM. I demonstrate that in the nearby Universe, repeating sources can contribute significantly to the total burst rate. This causes an apparent deficit in the total number of observed sources (once-off and repeaters) relative to the distant Universe that will cause a bias in FRB population models. Thus instruments with long exposure times should explicitly take repetition into account when fitting the FRB population. I then fit data from The Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME). The relative number of repeat and apparently once-off FRBs, and their DM, declination, and burst rate distributions, can be well explained by 50–100% of CHIME single FRBs being due to repeaters, with${R_{\rm max}} > 0.75$d$^{-1}$above$10^{39}$erg, and${{\gamma_r}} = -2.2_{-0.8}^{+0.6}$. This result is surprisingly consistent with follow-up studies of FRBs detected by the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP). Thus the evidence suggests that CHIME and ASKAP view the same repeating FRB population, which is responsible not just for repeating FRBs, but the majority of apparently once-off bursts. For greater quantitative accuracy, non-Poissonian arrival times, second-order effects in the CHIME response, and a simultaneous fit to the total FRB population parameters, should be treated in more detail in future studies.
Judge, landlord, broker, watchman: assessing variation in chiefly duties and authority in the Ghana–Togo Borderlands
Authors: Wilfahrt Martha , Letsa Natalie Wenzell 
Published: October 2023

abstractThis paper seeks to broaden the framework for understanding the many different roles that traditional leaders play in their communities in sub-Saharan Africa. Using data from an original public opinion survey along the Ghana–Togo border, we find that one of the most important roles of the chieftaincy is to maintain law and order: resolving disputes and keeping the community safe from crime. However, we also find considerable variation in what chiefs are expected to do, how effective they are performing their various tasks, and how much authority they wield in doing so – both over their own subjects as well as over local government officials. We explore several potential sources for this variation, finding that chiefs in Ghana, a former British colony, are expected to do more jobs, are perceived to be more effective, and hold more upward power over local state officials compared with their counterparts in Togo, a former French colony.
‘Unprecedented injustice’: Digitalisation and the perceived accessibility of childcare benefits
Authors: Hummel Bryn , Yerkes Mara A. , Bal Michèlle 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Netherlands recently experienced a crisis in childcare benefits, leading to ‘unprecedented injustice’ for many parents falsely accused of defrauding the childcare benefit system. This crisis highlights multiple barriers in parents’ ability to access childcare already evident prior to the crisis, including the far-reaching digitalisation of social policies and childcare benefits in particular. Digitalisation can make parents feel childcare services are less accessible, thereby creating or exacerbating existing inequalities in childcare use. Parents may also lack the skills needed to navigate complex application procedures, which can affect their perceived access to childcare benefits, particularly in market-led systems with greater reliance on government benefits to cover the high costs of childcare. Extending recent research on childcare capabilities, we investigate the extent to which digital and functional literacy affect parents’ perceived access to childcare benefits in the Netherlands. The results from our exploratory quantitative analysis provide a starting point for understanding the understudied relationships between digitalisation, parents’ abilities to navigate complex childcare or other policy systems, and their (perceived) ability to access childcare benefits. We use these findings to develop multiple future research recommendations in the childcare policy literature.
Tilt Wing Aircraft in comparison with other VTOL and STOL Systems
Authors: Stepniewski W Z 
Published: October 2023

The CHAIRMAN, in introducing the Author, said that although it had in the past been the main concern of the Association to discuss the problems of the conventional helicopter, it was now proposed to include systems allied to it, and convertiplanes and other powered lift systems would be considered at this and future meetings of the Association There was now a whole spectrum of proposed direct lift aircraft ranging from the conventional helicopter of a few pounds per sq ft disc loading, to jet lift aircraft of hundreds of pounds per sq ft of jet area Between these two extremes there was a variety of convertiplanes and jet wing systemsThe Author had been working on rotorcraft for a long time He had been Chief Aerodynamicist of the Vertol Aircraft Corporation and Director of Aeronautical Research there, he had written many papers relating to the helicopter especially on aerodynamics, and his books on the subject published by the Rotorcraft Publishing Committee had been very widely read, even on this side of the Atlantic