bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solid–liquid extraction of bioactive compounds as a green alternative for developing novel biostimulant from Linum usitatissimum L.
Authors: Szparaga Agnieszka , Kocira Sławomir , Kapusta Ireneusz , Zaguła Grzegorz 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
The interest expressed by the agriculture in the category of innovative biostimulants is due to the intensive search for novel preparations based on natural substances i.a. allelochemicals. Scientific research into the design and testing of next-generation biostimulants marks advances for sustainable agricultural production.

Results
Our research represents an innovative and comprehensive approach to the use of Linum usitatissimum L. seed extracts in soybean cultivation using foliar treatments. A multi-tiered approach was adopted, involving both the assessment of soybean responses at the agronomic, morphological and biochemical levels. It was hypothesized that the extract would improve the growth and yield of soybean through mechanisms based on improved physiological and biochemical processes. The study showed that the extract was rich in micro- and macro-nutrients (in particular potassium and zinc), amino acids (with the largest proportion of glutamic acid), fatty acids (predominant oleic + elaidic acids) and carbohydrates (sucrose and glucose). Soybean responded positively by increased in plant height, number of pods and seed yield. The results confirmed that the tested biostimulant is not only an environmentally friendly product, but also is capable of increasing the growth and productivity of soybeans, thus increasing farmers' profit. The obtained yield was characterized by a lower total proteins pool (average decrease approx. 2%). The extract caused changes in the amino acid profile (especially in the case of proline and lysine) and fatty acid composition (significantly higher content of acids: heptadecanoic, octadecanoic, eicosanoic, eicosapentaenoic, docosanoic, erucic, tricosanoic).

Conclusions
All the observations made confirm that the extract positively affected the soybean crop. Based on the study, it was concluded that solid–liquid extraction could be considered as a green alternative for prototyping a novel and ecological biostimulant.

Graphical Abstract
Analysis of iron-rich hydrochloric acid solutions for uranium, thorium, rare-earth elements and other heavy metals
Authors: Sunilkumar Beena , Krishnakumar M. , Patwardhan A. A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA simple solvent extraction method is described for the separation of trace elements including uranium (U), thorium (Th) and rare-earth elements (REEs) from industrially processed iron-rich hydrochloric acid solutions. Iron (Fe) causes severe spectral interference during the analysis of trace elements using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) and U by light-emitting diode (LED)-based fluorimeter (LEDF). The spectral interferences of Fe on trace elements are studied and documented. Sequential solvent extractions using methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) effectively removed the highly interfering Fe from these processed acid solutions, thereby enabling accurate and sensitive determination of Cd, Zn, Pb, Co, Ni, Cr, V, Cu, Sr, Zr, Ti, REEs including radioactive elements like U and Th. Solvent extraction parameters like the number of extractions, aqueous-organic ratio and acidity have been optimized for removal of Fe. The accuracy of the method has been established by analyzing synthetically prepared hydrochloric acid solutions by spiking-recovery method. Ion exchange separation of REEs using Dowex 50 × 8 cation exchange resin has been also studied and reported. The precision obtained has been well within ± 10% RSD for elements having concentration above 10 mg L−1 and ± 15% for elements having concentration below 10 mg L−1 for replicate (n = 5) measurements.
Artificial intelligence in diagnosis and management of Huntington’s disease
Authors: Parekh Neel , Bhagat Anjali , Raj Binith , Chhabra Raunak Singh , Buttar Harpal Singh , Kaur Ginpreet , Ramniwas Seema , Tuli Hardeep Singh 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Huntington’s disease is one of the rare neurodegenerative diseases caused because of genetic mutation of the Huntingtin gene. The major hallmarks of the condition include motor impairment, cognitive decline, and psychiatric symptoms. With no cure and only symptomatic treatments available, early detection and personalized therapy are warranted for managing the disease effectively. Artificial Intelligence has emerged as a transformational tool in healthcare, revolutionizing many parts of medical practice and research, thus holding the potential in detecting, monitoring, and managing Huntington’s disease.

Main body of abstract
Artificial Intelligence’s role in Huntington’s disease includes a variety of applications like medical image analysis and predictive analytics. AI-driven algorithms are utilized to analyze brain imaging data in medical image analysis. Deep learning and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) aid in the detection of subtle brain changes and the identification of illness biomarkers, allowing for the early diagnosis of the disease. Additionally, the predictive analytics capabilities of AI are used to analyze disease development and forecast clinical outcomes. AI models can identify illness patterns, estimate the rate of functional decline, and assist doctors in making educated decisions about treatment methods and care planning by analyzing patient data.

Conclusions
With clinical practice and research integrated with Artificial Intelligence technologies, we can significantly improve the quality of life of individuals affected with Huntington’s disease. This integration holds the potential to develop effective personalized interventions. Nevertheless, collaborative efforts among doctors, researchers, and technology sound developers would be key to the successful implementation of AI in HD.

Graphical Abstract
Assessment of nasal outcomes after endoscopic removal of large midline skull base tumors with nasoseptal flap reconstruction
Authors: Ibrahim Anwar Abdelatty , Negm Hazem , Hamdan Ahmad M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
There have been several reconstructive methods with free flaps or vascular pedicled flaps constituting a large portion of the rebuilding of the skull base. The vascularized pedicled nasoseptal flap, however, appears to be the “gold standard” flap in the restoration of the integrity of the cranial base among all of the foregoing alternatives. This study aimed to assess the postoperative outcomes of endoscopic removal of large midline skull base tumors with nasoseptal flap reconstruction in 21 patients. Patients were assessed at 1 week postoperative using Sinonasal Outcome Test 22 (SNOT 22) to assess postoperative nasal symptoms. An endoscopic assessment of the nose was done at 1 week postoperative to assess the degree of crusting and at 4 weeks postoperative to assess the degree of nasal adhesions and the presence or absence of gangrene of the nasoseptal flap. Postoperative complications were assessed.

Results
The study patients included 12 cases with pituitary macroadenoma, five cases with anterior cranial fossa meningioma, and four cases with petroclival chordoma. The skull base defect size ranged from 2.5 to 4.5 cm. The most troublesome postoperative symptoms were decreased sense of smell/taste. Postoperatively, 10 patients had mild, 7 patients had moderate, and 4 patients had severe nasal crusting. Three cases had epistaxis and two cases had postoperative cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. Ten cases had no nasal adhesions, four cases had mild, four cases had moderate, and three cases had severe nasal adhesions. No cases had gangrene of the nasoseptal flap.

Conclusion
The nasoseptal flap is an effective option for large skull base defect reconstruction after endoscopic resection of large skull base tumors with an acceptable postoperative patient quality of life and a low incidence of postoperative complications.
Obstructive sleep apnea in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Egyptian population
Authors: Sweed Rania Ahmad , Wahab Nashwa Hassan Abd El , El Hooshy Mona Saeed , Morsy Eman Youssef , Shetta Dina Mohsen 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is a widespread disorder with a wide range of harmful outcomes including obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), central sleep apnea (CSA), or sleep-related hypoventilation.

Purpose
The aim of the present study was to screen for the occurrence of sleep apnea syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and to evaluate the relation between the presence of sleep apnea and the level of glycemic control.

Methods
This was a prospective clinical study that enrolled 59 patients who were previously diagnosed as type 2 DM. Sleep study level IV was done using overnight recording of oxygen saturation and pulse.

Results
Among the studied patients, 42 were females and 17 were males, Their mean age was 59.76 ± 11.13 years. Obstructive sleep apnea was diagnosed in 46 patients (78%). Thirty three (86.8%) patients among those with uncontrolled glycemic level were diagnosed as OSA, whereas 13(61.9%) patients with controlled glycemic level were diagnosed as OSA showing statistically significant difference, p = 0.047. There was no correlation between either HbA1c, age, Mallampati score, or BMI and ODI but there was a correlation between STOP-BANG questionnaire and ODI (P = 0.036). The variables that were significantly related to presence of OSA, were comorbidities, ESS, Mallampati score, STOP-BANG, and sleep symptoms (nocturia and snoring) P value (0.029), (0.031), (0.022), (0.005), (0.049), and (0.012), respectively.

Conclusion
Patients with type 2 diabetes showed a significant high prevalence of OSA. With significant higher prevalence among patients with uncontrolled DM versus controlled DM.
Volume estimation of fluid intake using regression models
Authors: Hassan E. A. , Morsy A. A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMonitoring of water intake is critical for managing the health and wellness of individuals with various health conditions, including young children, sick adults, the elderly, and individuals seeking better weight control. The research presented in this paper studies the use of different regression methods to estimate water intake using wireless surface electromyography (sEMG). The advantage of using regression is that it can provide more consistent values for different swallow volumes. In addition, the setup reported in this research employs a less controlled environment, providing stronger evidence of the practical feasibility of the used setup. Neural networks-based regression achieved an R2 of 0.99 and a root-mean-squared error of 0.14 and 0.08 after feature selection. The relative immunity of sEMG as a sensing technique and the accuracy levels achieved with the used mobile sEMG device can provide a robust system for volume estimation of fluid intake in real-world situations.
Phase IIa Study of PLX2853 in Gynecologic Cancers With Known ARID1A Mutation and Phase Ib/IIa Study of PLX2853/Carboplatin in Platinum-Resistant Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Duska Linda R. , Zamarin Dmitriy , Hamilton Erica , Oza Amit , Fleming Gini , Spira Alexander , Yeku Oladapo O. , Richardson Debra L. , Walling Jackie , Inokuchi Kerry , Matusow Bernice , Bollag Gideon , Swisher Elizabeth M. 
Published: October 2023

PURPOSE The Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal (BET) domain proteins facilitate the development of many human cancers via epigenetic regulation. BET inhibitors may be effective in reversing platinum resistance in ovarian cancer (OC) and may generate synthetic lethality with ARID1A loss. PLX2853 is an orally active, small-molecule inhibitor of BET bromodomain-mediated interactions that exhibits low nanomolar potency in blocking all four BET family members. METHODS We conducted a multicenter and open-label study with two parallel arms: a phase IIa study of PLX2853 monotherapy in patients with advanced gynecologic malignancies with an ARID1A mutation and a phase Ib/IIa combination study of PLX2853 plus carboplatin in women with platinum-resistant OC. The primary objectives were safety and tolerability for phase Ib and efficacy for both phase IIa portions. Thirty-four of 37 enrolled patients completed at least one post-baseline response assessment. RESULTS Of the 14 evaluable patients on the monotherapy arm, 1 (7.1%) achieved a best overall response of partial response (PR), 5 (35.7%) had stable disease (SD), and 8 (57.1%) had progressive disease (PD). Of the 20 evaluable patients on the combination arm, 1 (5.0%) had PR, 9 (45.0%) had SD, and 10 (50%) had PD. CONCLUSION This study confirmed the safety profile of PLX2853 and demonstrated the feasibility of combination with carboplatin. Although these results did not meet the prespecified response criteria, evidence of clinical activity highlights the rationale for further exploration of BET inhibitors in patients with ARID1A-mutated gynecologic malignancies, possibly in combination with agents targeting potential feedback mechanisms such as the PI3K pathway.
OR10-02 Effect Of Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors On Weight Loss And Energy Homeostasis In Mice With Obesity Induced By A High-fat-diet
Authors: de Andrade Maria Amelia A M , da Silva Hellen , Jesus Aline Alves , de Paula Francisco J A , Elias Lucila 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Disclosure: M.A. de Andrade: None. H. da Silva: None. A.A. Jesus: None. F.J. de Paula: None. L. Elias: None.
INTRODUCTION: Obesity is a worldwide health problem and the incidence of associated diseases such as type 2 diabetes is increasing. Leptin (Lep) resistance arises from obesity-related inflammation, enhancing the appetite. The expression of phosphodiesterase 4 enzymes (PDE4) is increased in inflammatory conditions. Rolipram (Rol) acts to inhibit PDE4 reducing adiposity and peripheral inflammation. Notwithstanding, the effects of Rol on Lep sensitivity and energy balance are still unknown. Objective: To evaluate the effect of PDE4 inhibition on energy homeostasis and Lep sensitivity and glucose tolerance in mice with obesity induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). Methodology: Four-week-old male C57BL6 mice were fed a HFD (60%, Research Diets) or chow diet (C) for 10 weeks. In the 8th week, they received daily subcutaneous Rol injections (2mg/kg) or vehicle (V) and food intake and body weight were daily measured. Energy expenditure (EE) was measured on the 8th day of treatment using a metabolic cage (Oxymax). After treatment, mice underwent 6h fasting and subsequent intraperitoneal (i.p.) glucose injection (2g/kg). Fasting blood glucose (FG) and 120 minutes after glucose (GTT) were measured. On the last day of treatment, 90 minutes after the Rol or V injection, i.p. Lep (5mg/kg in 100ul) or saline (S) was injected, and weight and food intake were measured 14 and 24h later. Results: 5-10 mice were analyzed in each group (chow + V, CV; chow + Rol, CR; HFD + V, HV; HFD + Rol, HR). There was a significant difference in body weight between HR and HV: absolute weight (HR 35+-4.18; HV 38.8+-3.88g; p 0.038) and weight variation (HR -2.26+-0.99; HV -0.19+-1.25g; p 0.002), but no difference between CR and CV (27.98+-2.25; 26.8 +- 2.22g, p 0.97). Rol effectively reduced ingestion in both diets (CR 42.85+-2.7; CV 48.13+-4.51g; p 0.03) (HR 24.75+-2.44; HV 28.31 +-2.81g; p 0.01). In the HFD groups, compared to V, Rol increased VO2 (p 0.04) and energy expenditure (p 0.049) as well as the heat (p 0.03). There was no difference in VCO2 nor motor activity. Lep sensitivity was evaluated in the HFD group and there was a significant reduction in food intake 24h after the Lep application compared to S (Lep 2.18+-0.2; S 2.47+-0.18g, p 0.04). There was no difference in food intake 14h after Lep or weight after injection at either time point (14/24h). Rol was ineffective to improve FG/GTT in the HFD group. Conclusion: Rolipram, a PDE4 inhibitor, effectively reduces the body weight of diet-induced obesity by reducing food intake, increasing basal energy expenditure and improving leptin sensitivity. PDE4 appears as a potential target to treat obesity.
Presentation: Friday, June 16, 2023
FRI005 Appetite Response To Short-term Energy Restriction In Young Healthy Women
Authors: Choi Gloria E , Okigbo Chinelo , Tonleu Joselyne Tessa , Shekhar Skand , Leka Helen F , Kim Anne E , Purse Bona , Hisch Katie R , Smith-Ryan Abbie E , Hall Janet E 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Disclosure: G.E. Choi: None. C. Okigbo: None. J. Tessa Tonleu: None. S. Shekhar: None. H.F. Leka: None. A.E. Kim: None. B. Purse: None. K.R. Hisch: None. A.E. Smith-Ryan: None. J.E. Hall: None.
Short-term caloric restriction, also referred to as energy restriction (ER), is commonly used by women across the weight spectrum to address their weight or health. Chronic ER is associated with increased appetite, but the relationship is poorly characterized in short-term ER or in the absence of obesity. We investigated the impact of controlled short-term ER on appetite and relevant hormone mediators in young women. In the early follicular phase of two menstrual cycles, 19 healthy non-obese women aged 23.36 ± 2.08 years (mean ± SD) with a BMI of 23.15 ± 2.34 kg/m2 (mean ± sem) underwent two five-day diet and exercise interventions: neutral energy availability (NEA) = 45 kcal/kg lean body mass (LBM)/day and deficient energy availability (DEA) = 20 kcal/kg LBM/day. On day 5 of both interventions, a visual analog scale (VAS) appetite questionnaire, body weight, fasting leptin and orexin-A were measured. We used paired t-tests for comparisons of changes from NEA to DEA. Principal-component factor analysis divided VAS items into appetite, satiety, and hunger (Cronbach alphas &gt;0.80). We utilized linear regression models to determine how changes (Δ) in body weight, leptin, and orexin-A affect appetite, satiety, hunger, and cravings. From NEA to DEA, appetite and hunger increased (55% vs 76%; p&lt;0.001 and 52% vs 71%; p&lt;0.001, respectively), while satiety and cravings decreased (42% vs 19%; p &lt;0.01 and 49% to 38%; p&lt;0.01, respectively). DEA resulted in a weight loss of 1.0±0.22 kg (p&lt;0.001), a decrease in leptin of 3.13±0.95 ng/ml, p=0.002), and increased orexin-A (0.06±0.02 ng/ml, p=0.018). Δ body weight was positively associated with Δ leptin (p=0.001) but not Δ orexin-A. When adjusting for leptin and orexin-A, increased appetite was associated with weight loss (p=0.011). Δ satiety was independently correlated with Δ body weight (p=0.002) and Δ leptin (p=0.033). Δ hunger was positively correlated with Δ body weight (p=0.043), independent of Δ orexin-A). Δ leptin, orexin-A, or body weight did not correlate with Δ craving. Thus, even in non-obese women, short-term ER results in a profound effect on homeostatic mechanisms designed to maintain weight; increased appetite and decreased satiety are mediated by even a minor degree of weight loss, both independently and through decreased leptin. It is likely that changes in ghrelin also contribute to these adaptations to ER, however it was not measured in this study for technical reasons. Interestingly, the effect of short-term ER on specific food cravings is overwhelmed by the overall increase in appetite.
Presentation: Friday, June 16, 2023
FRI014 Exploring The Epigenetic Fingerprint Of Sedentary Behavior
Authors: Brener Avivit , Lorber Dana , Reuveny Adriana , Lebenthal Yael , Volk Talila 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Disclosure: A. Brener: None. D. Lorber: None. A. Reuveny: None. Y. Lebenthal: None. T. Volk: None.
Eating habits and physical activity play a central role among the environmental factors that modulate biological aging. Sedentary lifestyle, characterized by increased waking time spent in minimal energy expenditure activity, is closely associated with increased cardiometabolic risk, a principal hallmark of aging. The biological mechanisms linking a sedentary lifestyle with metabolic derangements are incompletely understood. Exercise was reported as a stimulator of epigenetic modifications of the DNA in human muscle cell nuclei (myonuclei). Exploring the specific impact of sedentary behavior on epigenetics, especially among younger individuals, requires the exclusion of the effects of inflammatory and nutritional contributors to medical conditions. We developed an experimental animal model that imitates sedentary behavior in which a chromatin epigenetic landscape could be explored. We used third-instar Drosophila larvae carrying a temperature-sensitive mutation in the shibire gene coding for GTPase involved in neuronal synaptic vesicle transport. Shibire homozygous mutant larvae are paralyzed at restrictive temperature (&gt;∼29°C) due to inhibition of neuromuscular junction vesicular transport, while muscle contraction is abolished without affecting other systems. Shibire and control (y,w) larvae were kept at 18°C or 30°C without food for six hours. They were then dissected, fixed and double-labeled with antibodies specific for epigenetic marks of active (H3K9ac) and repressive (H3K27me3) histone modifications. An anti-lamin fluorescent antibody served for nuclear membrane demarcation. Immunofluorescence images of epigenetic marks were acquired on a confocal microscope Zeiss LSM 800, after which a quantitative analysis of epigenetics marks was performed. At the restrictive temperature (30°C), the crawling motion of shibire mutant larvae ceased in contrast to control (shibire at 18°C). The crawling motion of the y,w larvae was similar at 18°C and 30°C. The mean repressive mark H3K27me3 decreased (p&lt;0.001), while the mean active H3KPac increased (p&lt;0.001) in the myonuclei of sedentary shibire larvae (30°C). The mean myonuclear active/repressed ratio of epigenetic marks (H3K9ac/H3K27me) was similar in both active shibire (18°C) and y,w at 18°C, while it increased significantly in sedentary shibire (30°C) (p&lt;0.001). In contrast, this ratio decreased in the control larvae (y,w at 30°C) (p&lt;0.001). The findings of this model, which was aimed at reflecting sedentary behavior in youth, revealed that muscle inactivity changed the epigenetic fingerprint in myonuclei, with a balance shift towards decreased chromatin methylation relative to acetylation. Our finding suggests a decline in the epigenetic control of gene transcription, reminiscent of decreased epigenetic repression described with aging.
Presentation: Friday, June 16, 2023