bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obstetrical lumbosacral plexus injury
Authors: Feasby T. E. , Burton S. R. , Hahn A. F. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractInjuries to the lumbosacral plexus during labor and delivery have been reported in the literature for years, but have lacked electrophysiologic testing to substantiate the location of the nerve injury. We report 2 cases with comprehensive electrophysiologic testing which localizes the site of this obstetrical paralysis to the lumbosacral trunk (L4‐5) and S‐1 root where they join and pass over the pelvic rim. The paralysis may be mild or severe. Small maternal size, a large fetus, midforceps rotation, and fetal malposition may place the mother at risk for this nerve injury. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
AAEM case report #25: Anterior interosseous nerve syndrome
Authors: Wertsch Jacqueline J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA case study is reported regarding a 57‐year‐old woman, chose chief complaint was weakness in her thumb that she had noted while gardening. The patient described difficulty pulling weeks out because of an inability to get a firm grip when using the thumb. Physical examination showed weakness of the flexor pollicis longus and flexor digitorum profundus to the index finger. There was no other weakness and no clinical sensory deficit. Electrodiagnostic studies revealed normal median motor and sensory nerve conduction studies with needle examination abnormalities noted only in the flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus, and pronator quadratus. The literature on anterior interosseous nerve syndrome (AINS) is reviewed. It is important to differentiate those with idiopathic AINS as part of a neuralgic amyotrophy picture from those with an anatomic cause such as a fibrous band or anomalous muscle. Electrodiagnostic examination can be useful to help make this distinction. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Immunocytochemical localization of the multicatalytic proteinase (Proteasome) in crustacean striated muscles
Authors: Beyette Jill R. , Mykles Donald L. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractMulticatalytic proteinase (MCP) is thought to play a central role in the processing and turnover of intracellular proteins in eukaryotic cells. Immunocytochemistry was used to determine the intracellular distribution of the MCP in the claw muscles of the land crab, Gecarcinus lateralis, and the claw and abdominal muscles of the American lobster, Homarus americanus. Cryosections were stained with an affinity‐purified polyclonal antibody to lobster MCP that cross‐reacted with the land crab enzyme. Two types of staining were observed: a diffuse cytoplasmic staining, and a dense aggregate staining primarily associated with invaginations of the cell membrane. The cytoplasmic staining appeared reticulated in favorable transverse sections due to a preferential localization of MCP to the intermyofibrillar space. The aggregate staining was associated with neither nuclei nor mitochondria, since stains specific for these organelles (Hoechst stain and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide diaphorase histochemistry, respectively) did not colocalize with the aggregates. Trypsinlike peptidase activities of isolated microsomal and postmicrosomal fractions indicated that less than 1% of the total MCP was associated with the microsomal fraction. Immunoprecipitaion of the same fractions confirmed the presence of MCP in the microsomes as well as in the cytosol. These results suggest that the MCP is primarily associated with cytoplasmic components; the aggregate staining may result from the association of the MCP with cellular membrane systems. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Demyelinating peripheral neuropathy in Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
Authors: Neufeld Miriam Y. , Josiphov Joseph , Korczyn Amos D. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe desribe 2 patients of Jewish Libyan descent, who presented with a clinical syndrome compatible with Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease and who were found to have a mutation of codon 200 in the prion protein. The patients developed symptoms and signs of peripheral nerve involvement diagnosed by electrodiagnostic and histopathological studies as demyelinating neuropathy. This may be a rare manifestation of Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Axonal swellings in human intramuscular nerves
Authors: Alderson Kathy 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe presence, morphology, distribution, and abundance of axonal swellings in intramuscular nerves were evaluated. Axonal swellings were present in intramuscular nerves in 42% of 127 muscle biopsies from patients with a variety of conditions. The incidence was highest in muscle from patients with peripheral neuropathy, but swellings were present in muscle from patients with motor neuron disease, primary muscle diseases, and some individuals without clinical or histological evidence of neuromuscular disease. The greatest number of swellings in intramuscular nerves was in muscle from patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy. Swellings were spherical or elliptical, 4–20 μm in diameter, 5–30 μm in length, and composed of neurofilaments. Swellings were present only in myelinated axons of intramuscular nerves, proximal to nodes of Ranvier or in internodal regions. Swellings were not associated with axonal degeneration. They were probably not transported. The formation or accumulation of swellings may reflect altered axonal dynamics common to a number of disease processes. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Perineurial cell hypertrophic mononeuropathy manifesting as carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Mitsumoto Hiroshi , Estes Melinda L. , Wilbourn Asa J. , Culver James E. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA 42‐year‐old man showed signs and symptoms suggestive of carpal‐tunnel syndrome, but EMG showed an isolated motor axon‐loss lesion affecting the right median nerve distally. After the MRI revealed a mass in the median nerve, surgical exploration showed a diffusely swollen median motor branch. Biopsy showed a lesion with marked onion‐bulb formation composed of perineurial cells as identified by immunohistochemical analyses and electron microscopic examination. Although we previously coined the term “perineurioma” for this condition, re‐reviews of our cases do not support the idea that the onion‐bulb lesion is a benign tumor; instead, it appears to be reactive hyperplasia. Although rare, electromyographers and neurologists need to be aware of this problem because it is selflimited and does not require surgical resection. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Duration of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is age dependent
Authors: Eisen Andrew , Schulzer Michael , MacNeil Maureen , Pant Bhanu , Mak Edwin 
Published: January 2005

AbstractSince 1985, we prospectively followed 246 patients with ALS. The relation ship between the age of developing neurological impairment and disease duration was analyzed in 138 patients (86 men and 52 women) who died. Mean disease duration was 4.0 ± 3.8 years for men and 3.2 ± 2.5 years for women. There was an inverse, exponential, relationship between onset age and duration (goodness‐of‐fitP> 0.05). Mean duration at onset age 40 years was 8.2 ± 5.0 years compared with 2.6 ± 1.4 years for patients aged 61 to 70 years (P> 0.001). The ratio of young (40 years) men to women was 3.6:1. When matched for age, disease duration was the same for patients with bulbar and nonbulbar onsets. We conclude that onset age, but no sex, is the most significant predictor determining disesae duration in ALS. Longer survival in younger patients probably reflects their greater neuronal reserve. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Polyneuropathy associated with IgA monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
Authors: Simmons Zachary , Bromberg Mark B. , Feldman Eva L. , Blaivas Mila 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAlthough polyneuropathies associated with IgM and IgG monoclonal gammopathies have been well described, polyneuropathy with IgA monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is less commonly seen and has not been well studies. We reviewed the clinical and electrodiagnostic features of 5 such patients, and the sural nerve biopsy findings in 4 of them. One patient was diabetic, while 4 were free of other diagnoses commonly associated with neuropathy. Clinical presentations were varied. Electrodiagnostic and histological studies ranged from primary demyelination to primary axon loss to a mixed axonal/demyelinating picture. Three patients who were treated appeared to respond to prednisone or intravenous gamma globulin, despite clear clinical, electrodiagnostic, and histological differences. We conclude that the polyneuropathy associated with IgA MGUS is heterogeneous, similar to that in IgM and IgG MGUS. A trial of immunomodulating therapy appears to be warranted in such patients if the neuropathy is sufficiently servere. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Comparative effects of ischemia and acute hypoxemia on muscle afferents from tibialis anterior in cats
Authors: Lagier‐Tessonnier Francoise , Balzamo Emmanuel , Jammes Yves 
Published: January 2005

AbstractComparative effects of ischemia and acute hypoxemia (PaO2 = 24 mm Hg) were studied in anesthetized cats on afferents from the tibialis anterior limb muscle. Metaboreceptors (groups III and IV fibers) and mechanoreceptors were identified by their activation by an intraarterial injection of lactic acid (LA) or high‐frequency vibrations (HFV) applied to the extremity of the muscle tendon, respectively. Ischemia and hypoxemia exerted opposite influences on the two categories of muscle afferents: they depressed the response of mechanoreceptors to HFV, but markedly enhanced the spontaneous tonic activity of metaboreceptors. The effects of hypoxamia were delayed but slightly greater and lasted longer during the recovery period than those exerted by ischemia. The inhibitory action on mechanoreceptors exerted by a reduced oxyden supply to muscle is interpreted as a result from local acidosis. Indeed, under normoxic conditions, a LA bolus injection during the HFV test also reduced the firing rate of these receptors. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Plasma carnitine insufficiency and effectiveness of L‐carnitine therapy in patients with mitochondril myopathy
Authors: Campos, Yolanda , Huertas Rosa , Lorenzo Gustavo , Bautista Juan , Gutierrez Eduardo , Aparicio Manuel , Alesso Luis , Arenas Joaquin 
Published: January 2005

AbstractPlasma carnitine “insufficiency,” (plasma esterified carnitine to free carnitine ratio above 0.25) was found in 21 48 (43.8%) patients with mitochondrial myopathy, of whom 4 also showed both total and free carnitine deficiencies in plasma. In addition, plasma levels of SCAC and LCAC were higher in patients with mitochondrial myopathy than in controls (P < 0.001 and P <0.01, respectively). Patients diagnosed as having plasma carnitine insufficiency or deficiency were treated with L‐carnitine (50–200 mg/kg per day in four daily doses). Muscle weakness improved in 19 of 20 patients, failure to thrive in 4 of 8, encephalopathy in 1 of 9, and cardiomyopathy in 8 of 8 patients. Plasma carnitine “insufficiency” provides an additional clue to the diagnosis of mitochondrial myopathy and an indication for L‐carnitine therapy. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Use of the surface EMG signal for performance evaluation of back muscles
Authors: De Luca Carlo J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFor well over a decade my associates and I have been developing an objective, noninvasive technique to evaluate the performance of low‐back muscles, with emphasis on being able to distinguish between healthy and dysfunctioned backs. Our approach is based on the well‐known fact that the EMG signal undergoes a compression in the frequency domain during a sustained muscle contraction. In particular we track the median frequency of EMG signals detected from six muscles in the lower back during an isometric extension of the trunk. The measurements are taken with the Back Analysis System which consists of a postural restraining device, special electrodes for detecting the EMG signals, a muscle fatigue monitor which calculates the median frequencies, and the appropriate software. We have found that the pattern of fatigue exhibited by the six median frequency curves can be used to distinguish individuals who have low‐back pain from those who do not with an accuracy of at least 84%. An even more relevant and timely application of our technique is for quantifying the progression of the performance of low‐back muscles during a rehabilitation program. Although more work is required to explore the intricacies of the technique, present results provide a convincing indication that it is reliable and that it is ready to be placed into practice. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Determining heart‐rate variability: Comparing methodologies using computer simulations
Authors: Harry Jason D. , Freeman Roy 
Published: January 2005

AbstractHeart rate variation due to respiration is a window onto autonomic nervous system function and many measures exist that quantify this variability. Computer‐based simulations of 1‐minute deep‐breathing tests, along with common artifacts, were used to compare the most frequently used measures. We found distinct differences in the performance of the measures. Some measures (e.g., SDRR and MSSD) are strongly influenced by the underlying mean heart rate while others (e.g., Max–Min and SDHR) are not. All of the measures tested, except R, were influenced by both shifting mean heart rate and single‐beat anomalies. R, on the other hand, is strongly influenced by test duration and breathing asynchronies. Sensitivity to phenomena unrelated to ANS function can reduce the diagnostic discrimination of these measures. We suggest simple improvements to the measures and discuss how some measures may be theoretically superior to others. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Burn injury—induced nicotinic acetylcholine receptor changes on muscle membrane
Authors: Ward Joanna M. , Martyn J. A. Jeevendra 
Published: January 2005

AbstractPatients with thermal injury show pharmacological responses akin to those seen following denervation of motor nerve where there is an increase in the number of muscle‐type acetylcholine receptors (AChR). This study in the rat, examined the effect of 20%, 30%, and 50% body surface area burn injury on gastrocnemius and diaphragm AChR number, quantitated by [125I]α‐bungarotoxin (α‐BGT). Pharmacodynamic responses to D‐tubocurarine were evaluated in the gastrocnemius muscle. AChR from gastrocnemius muscle were significantly increased in all burn groups at 14 days after burn. After 28 days, the AChR had returned to control in the 20% and 30% burn groups, but persisted in the 50% burn group. AChR from diaphragm did not show significant changes between groups. Resistance to D‐tubocurarine was not seen in burn groups compared with controls. Burn trauma causes increases of AChR at sites distant from the area of injury. Diaphragm muscle may be less sensitive than gastrocnemius to mediators which upregulate AChR. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The estimated numbers and relative sizes of thenar motor units as selected by multiple point stimulation in young and older adults
Authors: Doherty Timothy J. , Brown William F. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractMultiple point stimulation (MPS) is described as a method of estimating the numbers of motor units in the median innervated thenar muscles of young and older control subjects. Stimulation at multiple sites along the course of the median nerve was employed to collect a sample of the lowest threshold, all‐or‐nothing surface‐recorded motor unit action potentials (S‐MUAPs). The average, negative peak area, and peak‐to‐peak amplitude of the sample of S‐MUAPs was determined and divided into the corresponding value for the maximal compound muscle action potential to derive the motor unit estimate (MUE). In 37 trials from 17 younger subjects (20—40 years), the mean MUE was 288 ± 95 SD based on negative peak area and, in 33 trials from 20 older subjects, mean values were 139 ± 68. In 23 young and older subjects, MPS was performed on at least two occasions and the MUEs were found to be highly correlated (r = 0.88). © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The clinical significance of type 1 fiber predominance
Authors: Kyriakides Theodore , Silberstein Jonathon M. , Jongpiputvanich Sungkom , Silberstein E. Peter J. , Walsh Peter J. , Gubbay Sonny S. , Kakulas Byron A. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn the course of investigating children with hypotonia, muscle biopsy of the vastus lateralis frequently demonstrates greater than 55% predominance of the aerobic type 1 fibers of “type 1 fiber predominance” (T1FP). The clinical significance or T1FP is not well known. T1FP can be associated with a variety of neurological disorders but a significant proportion has no apparent cause. We followed up 23 children with T1FP to establish whether a neurological disorder subsequently became apparent or whether a distinct clinical entity of T1FP could be identified. Sixty percent of the children were found to have a specific neurological disorder, while 40% did not and may represent a distinct clinical entity. The majority of children with the clinical entity of T1FP improved although some were left with mild motor disability. Such information is important for counseling when patients with T1FP are first assessed. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Case of the month. Latex hypersensitivity following exposure to gloves during electromyography
Authors: Massagli Teresa L. , Cox Rodde D. , Griggs Robert C. , Mendell Jerry R. , Miller Robert G. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA case of a 7‐year‐old boy with myelodysplasia who developed a local acute hypersensitivity reaction after exposure to latex gloves during electromyography is presented. Anaphylaxis from latex gloves has been recently reported, especially in patients with myelodysplasia. Allergens from rubber gloves can be introduced under the skin during EMG and could cause local or systemic acute hypersensitivity reactions. Electromyographers should elicit a history to rule out rubber allergy and use vinyl gloves if suspicion of allergy exists. © 1993 John Wiley & Soncs, Inc.
Discharge properties of single motor units in patients with spinal cord injuries
Authors: Wiegner Allen W. , Wierzbicka M. Margaret , Davies Llewelyn , Young Robert R. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractTo study neurophysiological correlates of spastic paresis, we analyzed the discharge pattern of single motor units (SMUs) during sustained voluntary contraction from muscles weakened by spinal cord injury (SCI) and from muscle of near normal strength just at or above the level of injury., The average firing rate of SMUs was reduced in patients' biceps brachii and tibialis anterior muscles compared with controls, but not in the triceps brachii. Floating serial correlation coefficients obtained form successive interdischarge intervals were significantly more positive in patients than in controls in all three muscles. One statistical measure of regularity of discharge, akin to a coefficient of variation, was best able to differentiate patient and control SMUs. Increased discharge variability in muscle just above the level of injury suggested that subtle effects of traumatic SCIs were more extended than was clinically apparent. Although consistent statistical differences could be measured, these changes were not specific to SCI, nor were all SMUs equally affected. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Localization of GM1 and GD1b antigens in the human peripheral nervous system
Authors: Kusunoki Susumu , Chiba Atsuro , Tai Tadashi , Tai Tadashi , Kanazawa Ichiro 
Published: January 2005

AbstractSerum antibodies against ganglioside GM1 and/or GD1b are frequently detected in autoimmune neuropathies such as multifocal motor neuropathy, IgM paraproteinemic neuropathy and Guillain–Barré syndrome. Some of them bind to GM1 or GD1b monospecifically but others cross‐react with both of the antigens. In order to investigate the respective localizations of GM1 and GD1b antigens in the human peripheral nervous system, an immunohistochemical study was performed using two mouse monoclonal antibodies, each monospecific to GM1 and GD1b. GGR12, monospecific to GD1b, bound to neurons in dorsal root ganglia and sympathetic ganglia, and some parts of the peripheral myelin, mainly the paranodal areas. However GMB16, monospecific to GM1, did not bind to either neurons or myelin. GD1b antigen present on neurons and paranodal myelin in the peripheral nervous system can be a target antigen of serum antibodies in autoimmune neuropathies. Further effort should be made to reveal the localization of GM1 antigen in the human peripheral nervous system.
Recovery of muscle after different periods of denervation and treatments
Authors: Finkelstein David I. , Dooley Philip C. , Luff Anthony R. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThree aspects of reinnervation and recovery of skeletal muscle following various periods of denervation were investigated: (1) the effect of duration of denervation; (2) the effect of hyperthyroidism on recovery; and (3) whether the muscle or the nerve limits recovery. The rat medial gastrocnemius (MG) nerve was cut and then resutured after 0, 3, 7, 21, or 56 days. In a second group of animals, the MG muscle was denervated and, in addition, the animal received triiodothyronine (T3) supplementation during reinnervation. The third group of animals had the denervated MG muscle reinnervated by a larger number of newly transected foreign axons. The force produced by the reinnervated muscle depends on the period that the muscle was denervated. Recovery was impaired when the period of denervation exceeded 7 days. T3 treatment did not benefit the return of force production, nor did providing the muscle with a larger number of newly transected axons.
Electrophysiological mapping of the segmental innervation of the saphenous and sural nerves
Authors: Phillips Lawrence H. , Park T. S. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractDelineation of an area of sensory loss is often helpful in localizing a lesion at the spinal or root level. We have studied the segmental innervation of two cutaneous nerves, the saphenous and the sural, during selective posterior rhizotomy. Each nerve was stimulated electrically, and recordings were made from dorsal roots L‐3 to S‐2 in 30 patients. We found that both nerves received innervation through at least three spinal levels. The level of maximum innervation was approximately equally divided between L‐3 and L‐4 for the saphenous nerve. The sural nerve received maximum innervation through S‐1 in 80% of the cases, but the remainder came through L‐5 or S‐2. These findings provide electrophysiologic evidence that these cutaneous nerves have multiple segmental supply, and the sensory area they supply does not lie solely within a single dermatome.© 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Sarcoid myopathy presenting with diaphragm weakness
Authors: Dewberry Robert G. , Phillips Lawrence H. , Schneider Bernard F. , Cale William F. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractSarcoidosis involving muscle occurs frequently, but it is infrequently symptomatic. The clinical, electromyographic, and histologic features of sarcoidosis involving muscle in a 63‐year‐old woman presenting with diaphragm weakness are described. An electromyogram revealed widespread myotonia and an inflammatory myopathic process, suggestive of adult‐onset acid maltase deficiency disease. Muscle biopsy showed noncaseating granulomas consistent with sarcoidosis. Clinical improvement followed the initiation of oral prednisone therapy. This case illustrates that muscular sarcoidosis may mimic adult‐onset acid maltase deficiency in both its clinical and electromyographic features. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.