bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MEHW‐SVM multi‐kernel approach for improved brain tumour classification
Authors: Dheepak G. , Anita Christaline J. , Vaishali D. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe human brain, the primary constituent of the nervous system, exhibits distinctive complexities that present considerable difficulties for healthcare practitioners, specifically in categorizing brain tumours. Magnetic resonance imaging is a widely favoured imaging modality for detecting brain tumours due to its extensive range of image characteristics and utilization of non‐ionizing radiation. The primary objective of the current investigation is to differentiate between three distinct classifications of brain tumours by introducing a novel methodology. The utilization of a combined feature extraction technique that integrates novel global grey level co‐occurrence matrix and local binary patterns is employed, thereby offering a comprehensive representation of the structural and textural information contained within the images. Principal component analysis is used to improve the model's efficiency for effective feature selection and dimensionality reduction. This study presents a novel framework incorporating four separate kernel functions, Minkowski–Gaussian, exponential support vector machine (SVM), histogram intersection SVM, and wavelet kernel, into a SVM classifier. The ensemble kernel employed in this study is specifically designed to classify glioma, meningioma, and pituitary tumours. Its implementation enhances the model's robustness and adaptability, surpassing the performance of conventional single‐kernel SVM approaches. This study substantially contributes to medical image classification by utilizing innovative kernel functions and advanced machine‐learning techniques. The findings demonstrate the potential for enhanced diagnostic accuracy in brain tumour cases. The presented approach shows promise in effectively addressing the intricate challenges associated with classifying brain tumours.
Decayless oscillations in 3D coronal loops excited by a power-law driver
Authors: Karampelas Konstantinos , Van Doorsselaere Tom 
Published: December 2023

Aims. We studied the manifestation of decayless oscillations in 3D simulations of coronal loops, driven by random motions.
Methods. Using the PLUTO code, we ran magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of a straight gravitationally stratified flux tube, with its footpoints embedded in chromospheric plasma. We consider transverse waves drivers with a horizontally polarised red noise power-law spectrum.
Results. Our broadband drivers lead to the excitation of standing waves with frequencies equal to the fundamental standing kink mode and its harmonics. These standing kink oscillations have non-decaying amplitudes, and spectra that depend on the characteristics of the loops, with the latter amplifying the resonant frequencies from the drivers. We thus report for the first time in 3D simulations the manifestation of decayless oscillations from broadband drivers. The spatial and temporal evolution of our oscillation spectra reveals the manifestation of a half harmonic, which exhibits half the frequency of the identified fundamental mode with a similar spatial profile. Our results suggest that this mode is related to the presence of the transition region in our model and could be interpreted as being the equivalent to the fundamental mode of standing sound waves driven on pipes closed at one end.
Conclusions. The potential existence of this half harmonic has important implications for coronal seismology, since misinterpreting it for the fundamental mode of the system can lead to false estimations of the average kink speed profile along oscillating loops. Finally, its detection could potentially give us a tool for distinguishing between different excitation and driving mechanisms of decayless oscillations in observations.
Tumorkachexie: die Bedeutung von Ernährung und Bewegung in der Onkologie
Authors: Zopf Yurdagül , Herrmann Hans Joachim , Reljic Dejan , Hardt Luisa Marie 
Published: December 2023

SummaryDie Tumorkachexie (TK), eine mit Inflammation assoziierte Mangel­ernährung mit dem Hauptmerkmal des Verlusts an Muskelmasse, -kraft und -funktion (= Sarkopenie), ist eine stark prävalente, die Lebensqualität einschränkende sowie prognoserelevante Komorbidität einer Tumorerkrankung. Eine supportive, kombinierte Ernährungs- und Bewegungstherapie, die möglichst früh im Krankheitsverlauf initiiert und individualisiert ausgestaltet wird, kann effektiv dazu beitragen, den Muskelstatus zu erhalten bzw. wiederaufzubauen. Dies kann den Krankheitsverlauf und die Prognose signifikant verbessern. Sie sollte daher immer als integraler Teil eines multimodalen onkologischen Behandlungskonzepts berücksichtigt werden.Ein frühzeitiger, individualisierter Ernährungssupport mit Sicherstellung einer adäquaten Energie- und Proteinzufuhr stellt die Grundvoraussetzung für den Erhalt bzw. Wiederaufbau von Muskelmasse dar. Neben der erhöhten Proteinmenge ist zur Überwindung der anabolen Resistenz, wie sie unter TK vorliegt, besonders auch die Proteinqualität, d. h. eine ausreichende Zufuhr unentbehrlicher ­Aminosäuren, zu berücksichtigen. Es gibt Hinweise darauf, dass Omega-3-Fettsäuren bei TK als antiinflammatorische Substrate dazu beitragen können, einen progredienten Muskelabbau zu stoppen und den Wiederaufbau von Muskulatur zu fördern.Aufgrund ihrer multifaktoriellen Genese lässt sich die Tumorkachexie allein durch konventionelle ernährungstherapeutische Maßnahmen nicht vermeiden bzw. umkehren. Vielmehr wird der frühzeitige Einsatz multimodaler Therapiekonzepte gefordert, um den drohenden Muskelschwund zu verhindern oder zu verzögern. Jede Ernährungsintervention sollte zum Aufbau der Muskelmasse von bewegungstherapeutischen Maßnahmen begleitet werden, um durch die synergistischen Wirkungen maximale Effektivität zu erzielen.Regelmäßige körperliche Aktivität kann die Muskelmasse und -kraft bei Krebspatient*innen steigern, immunologische Prozesse positiv beeinflussen sowie den funktionellen Status und die Lebensqualität verbessern. Unterschiedliche Trainingsmodalitäten werden diskutiert, darunter konventionelles Krafttraining und progressives Widerstandstraining mit elastischen Bändern, genauso wie innovative Ansätze wie die Ganzkörper-Elektromyostimulation (WB-EMS). Auch sollte die Verbesserung der Leistungsfähigkeit des Herz-Kreislauf-Systems mittels Ausdauertrainings angestrebt werden. Bei der Erstellung des Trainingsplanes sind die individuellen Bedürfnisse, Gesundheitszustände und potenziellen Bewegungseinschränkungen (z. B. durch Knochenmetastasen oder Lymphödeme) der Krebspatient*innen zu berücksichtigen.
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Acute Coronary Syndrome with Mild-to-Moderate Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Ye Yicong , Hao Yongchen , Zhao Xiliang , Liu Jun , Yang Na , Smith Sidney C. , Huo Yong , Fonarow Gregg C. , Ge Junbo , Morgan Louise , Sun Zhaoqing , Hu Danqing , Yang Yiqian , Ma Chang-Sheng , Zhao Dong , Han Yaling , Liu Jing , Zeng Yong 
Published: December 2023

Background Baseline thrombocytopenia is commonly observed in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) requiring percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
Aim The purpose of this analysis was to investigate safety and effectiveness of PCI in ACS patients with baseline mild-to-moderate thrombocytopenia.
Methods The data were collected from the Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China–Acute Coronary Syndrome project. A total of 50,009 ACS patients were recruited between July 2017 and December 2019. Among them, there were 6,413 patients with mild-to-moderate thrombocytopenia, defined as a platelet count of ≥50 × 109/L and <150 × 109/L on admission. The primary outcome was in-hospital net adverse clinical events (NACE), consisting of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and major bleeding events. The associations between PCI and in-hospital outcomes were analyzed by inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) method.
Results PCI was performed in 4,023 of 6,413 patients (62.7%). The IPTW analysis showed that PCI was significantly associated with a reduced risk of in-hospital MACE (odd ratio [OR]: 0.45; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.31–0.67; p < 0.01) and NACE (OR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.42–0.83; p < 0.01). PCI was also associated with an increased risk of any bleeding (OR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.09–2.22; p = 0.01) and minor bleeding (OR: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.00–2.30; p = 0.05), but not major bleeding (OR: 1.51; 95% CI: 0.76–2.98; p = 0.24).
Conclusion Compared with medical therapy alone, PCI is associated with better in-hospital outcomes in ACS patients with mild-to-moderate thrombocytopenia. Further studies with long-term prognosis are needed.
Chemoselective Vicinal Dichlorination of Alkenes by Iron Ligand-to-Metal Charge-Transfer Catalysis
Authors: Stahl Jessica , Reiter Thilo , König Burkhard 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe report the photocatalytic functionalization of terminal alkenes to vicinal dichlorides by using visible light and FeCl3 as a catalyst, LiCl as a chloride source, and air as an oxidant. The transformation is proposed to be initiated by ligand-to-metal charge-transfer bond homolysis of a Fe–Cl bond, giving a highly reactive chloride radical able to initiate the functionalization of olefins. The process shows high chemoselectivity and broad functional-group tolerance with yields of up to 94% under mild conditions.
Safety and efficacy of early versus late removal of LAMS for pancreatic fluid collections
Authors: Willems Philippe , Esmail Eslam , Paquin Sarto , Sahai Anand 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background and study aims Optimal timing for removal of
lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS) for effective drainage of pancreatic fluid collections
(PFC) while minimizing adverse events (AE) is unknown. Outcomes of early (≤ 4 weeks) or
delayed (> 4 weeks) LAMS removal on both clinical efficacy and the incidence of AE were
assessed.
Patients and methods This was a retrospective analysis of a
prospectively maintained registry of PFC drainage between November 2016 and September 2021.
Clinical success was defined as a 75% decrease in fluid collection volume with no need for
reintervention at 6 months. AE were defined using the American Society for Gastrointestinal
Endoscopy lexicon. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine variables
associated with clinical success and AE.
Results A total of 108 consecutive PFCs were included. LAMS
deployment was technically successful in 103 of 108 cases (95.4%). Failure was associated with
collection diameter ≤ 4 cm (odds ratio [OR] 24.0, P = 0.005) and
presence of more than 50% necrotic material (OR 20.1, P = 0.01).
Stents were left in place for a median of 48 days. Patients with early stent removal (< 4
weeks) had clinical success in 70.0% of cases, which was significantly less than in the group
with delayed stent removal (96.4%, P = 0.03). On multiple
regression analysis, clinical failure was associated with early stent removal (OR 25.5, P = 0.003). AEs occurred in 8.7% of cases (9/103). There were no
predictors of AE. Notably, delayed stent removal did not predict the occurrence of AE.
Conclusions Early LAMS removal (< 4 weeks) did not prevent AEs
but did lead to increased clinical failure.
Comparison of diagnostic outcomes, safety, and cost of Franseen-tip 19G versus 22G needles for endoscopic ultrasound-guided liver biopsies
Authors: Dalal Ankit , Kamat Nagesh , Patil Gaurav , Vadgaonkar Amol , Parekh Sanil , Vora Sehajad , Maydeo Amit 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background and study aims Favorable outcomes were noted with refinement in newer endoscopic ultrasound-guided liver biopsy (EUS-LB) needle tips. Still, the overall usefulness and benefit are yet to be well explored.
Patients and methods This was a retrospective analysis of
patients with EUS-LB (Franseen-tip 19G versus 22G FNB needle) over 2 years. EUS-LB was
obtained in a one-pass, two-actuation, modified wet suction technique. Diagnostic yield,
fragmentation rate, aggregate specimen length (AL), number of complete portal tracts (CPT),
length of longest intact core (LIC), adverse events (AEs) (early), and cost of the procedure
(1USD = 82 INR) were compared.
Results Fifty-four patients (33 [61.1%], female) successfully
underwent EUS-LB with a median age of 46 years (interquartile range [IQR] 34–54); the majority
32 (59.2%) underwent 19G biopsies. There was a significantly increased median (IQR) AL in the
19G compared with 22G (20 mm [19–21] vs. 15 [14–15], P < 0.001),
respectively. Similarly, significantly lengthier median LIC and CPT were seen, respectively. A
nonsignificant diagnostic yield was noted (100% vs. 90.9%, P =
0.082), respectively. The fragmentation rate was higher in 22G FNB needles (36.4% [95% CI
16–56] vs. 12.5% [95% CI 1–24], respectively; P = 0.038). Seven
patients (12.9%) had mild AEs with no difference between groups. The average procedure cost
with 19G was INR 63000 (768$), and with 22G needle was INR 54500 (664$).
Conclusions The Franseen-tip 19G outperforms 22G with a significantly lower fragmentation rate, longer AL, LIC, and a higher number of CPT with a marginal increase in the procedure cost, without any difference in diagnostic yield and safety.
Revealing Melatonin’s Mysteries: Receptors, Signaling
Pathways, and Therapeutics Applications
Authors: Kulsoom Kulsoom , Ali Wajahat , Saba Zainab , Hussain Shabab , Zahra Samra , Irshad Maria , Ramzan Muhammad Saeed 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMelatonin (5-methoxy-acetyl tryptamine) is a sleep-inducing hormone, and the
pineal gland produces it in response to the circadian clock of darkness. In the
body, MT1 and MT2 receptors are mostly found, having an orthosteric pocket and
ligand binding determinants. Melatonin acts by binding on melatonin receptors,
intracellular proteins, and orphan nuclear receptors. It inhibits adenyl cyclase
and activates phospholipase C, resulting in gene expression and an intracellular
alteration environment. Melatonin signaling pathways are also associated with
other intracellular signaling pathways, i. e., cAMP/PKA and
MAPK/ERK pathways. Relative expression of different proteins depends on
the coupling profile of G protein, accounting pharmacology of the melatonin
receptor bias system, and mediates action in a Gi-dependent manner. It shows
antioxidant, antitumor, antiproliferative, and neuroprotective activity.
Different types of melatonin agonists have been synthesized for the treatment of
sleeping disorders. Researchers have developed therapeutics that target
melatonin signaling, which could benefit a wide range of medical conditions.
This review focuses on melatonin receptors, pharmacology, and signaling
cascades; it aims to provide basic mechanical aspects of the receptor’s
pharmacology, melatonin’s functions in cancer and neurodegenerative
diseases, and any treatments and drugs designed for these diseases. This will
allow a basic comparison between the receptors in question, highlighting any
parallels and differences that may exist and providing fundamental knowledge
about these receptors to future researchers.
3-/3,5-Styryl-Substituted BODIPY with N-Bridged Annulation: Synthesis and Spectroscopic Properties
Authors: Gai Lizhi , Chang Le , Zhou Shengjie , Kong Xiangduo , Lu Hua 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe development of organic dyes with high fluorescence quantum yield (FLQY) and tunable emission has significant application potential in biomedicine and material science. The synthesis of four N-bridged annulated BODIPY dyes with styryl units at the 3- and 3,5-positions of the BODIPY core, introduced by Knoevenagel condensation reaction, is reported. These dyes show high FLQY and tunable fluorescence. The intrinsic relationship between structure and properties is comprehensively analyzed through density functional theory (DFT) calculations, which is crucial for the rational design of new BODIPY dyes with desired properties for specific applications.
Primary Sarcomas of the Larynx: A Case Series of Four Different Histopathologic Types
Authors: Abu-Dayeh Ala S. , Murshed Khaled A. , Ammar Adham , Petkar Mahir 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPrimary laryngeal sarcomas are rare. Their nomenclature and classification are similar to soft tissue counterparts; however, there are notable differences between clinical presentation, behavior, treatment, and follow-up. There is sparse information regarding the clinical features, biologic behavior, and treatment modalities of laryngeal sarcomas. To increase our understanding about these tumors, we describe herein an additional series of four cases of different pathologic types of laryngeal sarcomas, including low-grade chondrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, well-differentiated liposarcoma, and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma. Our main aim is to upsurge awareness about the morphologic variations of laryngeal sarcomas, to avoid potential pitfalls during histopathologic examination. It is essential to ensure that correct diagnosis, subclassification, and grading are achieved for proper guidance of treatment and clinical follow-up at multidisciplinary team meetings.
The effects of war on Ukrainian research
Authors: de Rassenfosse Gaétan , Murovana Tetiana , Uhlbach Wolf-Hendrik 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe ongoing war in Ukraine has profoundly impacted the Ukrainian scientific community. Numerous researchers have either emigrated or transitioned to alternate professions. For those who remain in research, the destruction of civil infrastructure and psychological stress may dramatically slow down research progress. There is limited knowledge concerning the war’s influence on Ukrainian research. This study presents the results of a representative survey of over 2500 Ukrainian scientists. The data suggest that by the Fall of 2022, about 18.5% of the population of Ukrainian scientists fled the country. Notably, these emigrant scientists were amongst the most research-active in Ukraine. However, a significant portion of these migrant scientists are under precarious contracts at their host institutions. Of the scientists who stayed in Ukraine, about 15% have left research, and the others experience a marked reduction in research time. A large number of stayers have lost access to critical input for their research (23.5%) or cannot physically access their institution (20.8%). Finally, should the war stop today, it seems that Ukraine has already lost about seven percent of its scientists. These observations bear significant policy implications. In light of the vulnerable position of migrant scientists, the provision of more and longer scholarships emerges as a paramount concern for this group of scientists. Concerning stayers, institutions across Europe and beyond can offer a host of support programs, such as remote visiting programs, access to digital libraries and computing resources, as well as collaborative research grants.
Sample heating above 1400 K in a diamond anvil cell
Authors: Cao Min , Jiang Dawei , Han Muyun , Gao Yang , Han Yonghao , Gao Chunxiao 
Published: December 2023

In high-pressure experimental methods, sample heating in the pressure chamber of a diamond anvil cell is an important topic, and numerous efforts have been made to improve and develop new technologies. In this paper, we propose a new type of internal resistance heating technique, the composite heating gasket, prepared by integrating an annular heater into the sample chamber for direct heating of the sample. As the effective heating area covers the entire pressure chamber wall, a relatively quasi-uniform temperature field is formed within the sample chamber. At the same time, the integration design reduces the risk of diamond oxidation and enables direct measurement of the spectroscopic properties of samples at high temperatures. The preparation of the composite heating gasket is simple and repeatable, and its heating performance is stable at temperatures above 1400 K. When the sample diameter is 210 μm and no thermal insulation is used, the diameter of the temperature zone in which the temperature difference is less than 10 and 20 K exceeds 120 and 170 μm, respectively. The composite heating gasket represents a significant advancement in providing a uniform temperature field for in situ measurements with diamond anvil cells at high pressure and temperature.
Raman spectroscopy study of pressure-induced phase transitions in single crystal CuInP2S6
Authors: Rao Rahul , Conner Benjamin S. , Jiang Jie , Pachter Ruth , Susner Michael A. 
Published: December 2023

Two-dimensional ferroic materials exhibit a variety of functional properties that can be tuned by temperature and pressure. CuInP2S6 is a layered material that is ferrielectric at room temperature and whose properties are a result of the unique structural arrangement of ordered Cu+ and In3+ cations within a (P2S6)4− anion backbone. Here, we investigate the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the structure of CuInP2S6 single crystals through a detailed Raman spectroscopy study. Analysis of the peak frequencies, intensities, and widths reveals four high pressure regimes. At 5 GPa, the material undergoes a monoclinic-trigonal phase transition. At higher pressures (5–12 GPa), we see Raman peak sharpening, indicative of a change in the electronic structure, followed by an incommensurate phase between 12 and 17 GPa. Above 17 GPa, we see evidence for bandgap reduction in material. The original state of the material is fully recovered upon decompression, showing that hydrostatic pressure could be used to tune the electronic and ferrielectric properties of CuInP2S6.
Demonstration of a two-dimensional divertor Thomson scattering system on DIII-D
Authors: Schroeder Paul J. , Glass Fenton , O’Gorman Thomas , Carlstrom Thomas N. , McLean Adam G. , Watkins Matthias , Taussig Doug A. , Boivin Rejean L. 
Published: December 2023

Recent upgrades providing two-dimensional divertor Thomson scattering (DTS-2D) measurements of Te and ne during a DIII-D plasma shot and a thorough description of system components and their functionality are presented. This system expands the capabilities of the existing single divertor Floor measurement location by introducing seven additional laser beam path options in the poloidal plane, spanning major radii from 1.062 to 1.335 m. The system redirects ∼1 J, 50 Hz Nd:YAG laser pulses to the new beam paths within 20 ms, stepping through each path on the divertor Floor every 200 ms during a plasma shot. The laser is redirected using an ex-vessel, fast-steering mirror to one of eight in-vessel beam paths oriented underneath the vessel tiles. Up to eleven measurement positions per beam path, from −1.35 to −1.13 m below the machine midplane, are available by dynamically refocusing the ex-vessel collection fiber array using a high-speed linear stage. Current measurement positions above the divertor Shelf are retained via a hole in the fixed, in-vessel mirror, allowing laser pass through.