bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How should we change teaching and assessment in response to increasingly powerful generative Artificial Intelligence? Outcomes of the ChatGPT teacher survey
Authors: Bower Matt , Torrington Jodie , Lai Jennifer W. M. , Petocz Peter , Alfano Mark 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThere has been widespread media commentary about the potential impact of generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) such as ChatGPT on the Education field, but little examination at scale of how educators believe teaching and assessment should change as a result of generative AI. This mixed methods study examines the views of educators (n = 318) from a diverse range of teaching levels, experience levels, discipline areas, and regions about the impact of AI on teaching and assessment, the ways that they believe teaching and assessment should change, and the key motivations for changing their practices. The majority of teachers felt that generative AI would have a major or profound impact on teaching and assessment, though a sizeable minority felt it would have a little or no impact. Teaching level, experience, discipline area, region, and gender all significantly influenced perceived impact of generative AI on teaching and assessment. Higher levels of awareness of generative AI predicted higher perceived impact, pointing to the possibility of an ‘ignorance effect’. Thematic analysis revealed the specific curriculum, pedagogy, and assessment changes that teachers feel are needed as a result of generative AI, which centre around learning with AI, higher-order thinking, ethical values, a focus on learning processes and face-to-face relational learning. Teachers were most motivated to change their teaching and assessment practices to increase the performance expectancy of their students and themselves. We conclude by discussing the implications of these findings in a world with increasingly prevalent AI.
Novel aerial observations of a possible newborn white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) in Southern California
Authors: Gauna Carlos , Sternes Phillip C. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) is the largest macropredatory fish in the world. Yet, there remains a paucity of data on the early life history and reproduction of this iconic shark. Here, we present aerial observations of an individual white shark that appears to be sloughing a white film from its body. We propose two possibilities for the possession of the white film: (1) this is a newly born white shark with intrauterine substances still adhered to its body, or (2) this white shark has an unknown skin disorder resulting in shedding, discharge, or possibly a microbial growth over the dermal layer. We discuss the possibility that this individual is a newborn and its implications for the Southern California region as a critical birthing location.
Rewriting History: Backwards Causation and Conflicting Declarations Among Institutional Facts
Authors: Corry Richard 
Published: January 2024

AbstractKenneth Silver has recently argued that backwards causation is common in the context of social institutions. I consider this claim in detail and conclude that backwards causation is not the most plausible interpretation of what is going on in the cases Silver considers. Nonetheless, I show that these cases can teach us some interesting lessons about institutional facts. In particular, I argue that in order to avoid contradiction due to conflicting declarations in these cases, we must conclude that the properties involved in institutional facts are relational properties.
Australian PhD graduates’ agency in navigating their career pathways: stories from social sciences
Authors: Ta Binh , Hoang Cuong , Khong Hang , Dang Trang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDespite limited opportunities for tenured academic positions, the number of PhD graduates in Social Sciences has steadily risen in countries with developed research systems. The current literature predominantly portrays PhD graduates as victims, either of the higher education system or of their own optimism in pursuing an academic career. This paper takes an alternative stance by spotlighting the agency exhibited by PhD graduates in Social Sciences as they deftly navigate their career pathways amid the constrained academic job market. Specifically, we adopt an ecological perspective of agency to explore how PhD graduates in Social Sciences exercise their agency in navigating their career from the beginning of their PhD candidature until up to 5 years after graduation. We employ a narrative approach to delve into the employment journeys of twenty-three PhD graduates. Within this cohort, we select to report four participants from four Australian universities, each possessing distinct career trajectories. Our analysis highlights agency as the link between various personal and institutional factors that shape our participants’ career trajectories. Based on this finding, we offer recommendations for practice and policy changes that appreciate PhD graduates’ agency.
Attitudes Toward and Usage of Evidence-Based Mental Health Practices for Autistic Youth in Bangladesh and Germany: A Cross-Cultural Comparison
Authors: Pervin Maleka , Hansmann Nina Marie , Hagmayer York 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The implementation of evidence-based practices (EBPs) for autistic youth is a critical concern worldwide. Research examining factors facilitating the implementation of EBPs found that providers’ attitudes are an important factor. In this study, we evaluated cross-cultural differences in attitudes toward and use of EBPs. We tested socio-demographic factors as predictors of attitudes, and attitudes as predictors of EBPs use among mental health professionals working with autistic youth in Bangladesh and Germany. We used purposeful sampling. Two-hundred-ninety-two professionals who worked in a clinical setting responded to the survey and fulfilled the inclusion criteria (101 in Bangladesh, 191 in Germany). Participants were asked to respond to nine subscales of the Evidence-Based Practice Attitude Scale-36 (EBPAS-36), to indicate which of nine types of treatments they used, and to provide sociodemographic data. Measurement invariance across countries could be established for four subscales of the EBPAS-36. Comparative analyses of attitudes showed that professionals in both countries were open to using EBPs, but German practitioners were more likely to use EBPs when they appealed to them. By contrast, Bangladeshi professionals claimed to be more likely to adopt an EBP when required and to be more willing to learn EBPs to enhance job security. The relationship between caseload and attitudes varied between countries. A broader variety of EBPs was used in Germany. The findings highlight the importance of considering country-specific factors when implementing EBPs. Directions for conducting comparative studies on mental health professionals’ attitudes towards EBP including methodological considerations are discussed.
Deformation microstructures and martensitic transformation pathways in cryogenically deformed 316L stainless steel
Authors: Li Suning , Withers Philip J. , Deng Yangchao , Yan Kun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLiquefied gas storage and transportation, as well as space propulsion, are driving increasing interest in the cryogenic temperature deformation behaviour of 316L stainless steels. This was investigated here during tensile deformation at 15, 50 and 173 K. Complex transformation pathways, including one-step γ-austenite → α′-martensite, two steps γ → ε-martensite → α′ transformation as well as twinning and stacking fault-assisted γ → α′ transformation, are observed. γ grains with a (111) plane normal direction aligned 50–65°from the loading direction appear more likely to form the ε phase. Further, high-resolution transmission Kikuchi diffraction mapping revealed that the nucleation process of α′ can be assisted by ε and stacking faults at all cryogenic temperatures, whereas twins can also serve as sites for α′ nucleation when deformed at 173 K. For two-step transformation, separate lenticular α′ nucleate following Kurdjumov–Sachs orientation relationship (OR) within the shear band, once grown out of the shear band, Pitsch OR is preferable. As for one-step transformation, irregular oval α′ nucleates directly at γ grain boundaries with Nishiyama–Wassermann OR. These findings provide new insights into the correlation between the various transformation pathways and deformation mechanisms, as well as their improved performance at low temperatures.
Engaging the AQ10 to Predict Professional Burnout or Poor Work-Related Psychological Wellbeing Among Anglican Clergy in Wales
Authors: Francis Leslie J. , Sailer Alison B. , Payne V. John , McKenna Ursula 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe ten-item Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ10) is a self-report instrument originally designed to identify referrals for professional diagnosis for Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Recent studies suggest that this instrument may also be tapping more generalised affective disorders. Working with this interpretation, this study examines the predictive power of the AQ10 to account for additional variance, after personal and personality factors have been taken into account, on the two scales of the Francis Burnout Inventory. Data provided by 220 Anglican clergy serving in Wales demonstrated that 8.6% of the participants recorded six or more red flags on the AQ10 (and so qualified for referral for specialist diagnostic assessment) and that higher scores on the AQ10 are associated with significantly lower levels of satisfaction in ministry and with significantly higher levels of emotional exhaustion in ministry. These data suggest that screening with the AQ10 may be helpful in identifying clergy vulnerable to professional burnout and to poor work-related psychological wellbeing, in addition to its primary purpose of screening for ASD.
Social Media Posts from Friends during Late Adolescence as Predictors of Young Adult Physical Health
Authors: Szwedo David E. , Davis Alida A. , Fowler Caroline , Mikami Amori Yee , Allen Joseph P. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAlthough an increasing body of literature has linked social experiences to physical health, research has yet to consider how specific aspects of social experiences taking place on social media during late adolescence may predict future physical health outcomes. This study thus examined qualities of social media posts received from peers at age 21 as predictors of participants’ physical health (e.g., Interleukin-6 (inflammation), sleep problems, problems with physical functioning, and BMI) at age 28. Participants included 138 youth (59 men and 79 women); 57% of participants identified as White, 30% as Black/African American, and 13% as from other or mixed racial/ethnic groups. Posts from friends and participants at age 21 characterized by social ties predicted lower levels of future physical health problems, whereas socially inappropriate “faux pas” posts that deviated from peer norms by friends predicted higher levels of physical health problems at age 28. These associations were found after accounting for factors typically associated with physical health outcomes, including participants’ baseline social competence, internalizing and externalizing symptoms, alcohol use, observed physical attractiveness, and history of prior hospitalizations. The results of this study suggest the importance of both achieving social integration with peers online and adhering to peer norms in the online domain as key predictors of future physical health.
Quid pro quota: a cross-country study on the impacts of immigration quotas on early-stage entrepreneurship
Authors: Bedi Joshua K. , Jia Shaomeng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe study the impacts of immigration quotas and immigrant eligibility restrictions on destination countries’ early-stage entrepreneurial activity. Taking advantage of cross-country variation in immigration quotas and eligibility restrictions, we find that increases in the strictness of labor migration quotas and eligibility requirements are associated with significantly less early-stage entrepreneurship in the short run. Further, we find two important sources of heterogeneity that impact our results. First, these results are driven by a connection between quotas and early-stage necessity-driven entrepreneurship—our results lose significance when adding opportunity-driven entrepreneurship to the analysis. Second, the magnitude of the relationship between quotas and early-stage entrepreneurial activity is lower when analyzing female entrepreneurship. Overall, our results suggest that immigrants clearly influence entrepreneurship positively, but the overall welfare effects on the host country of marginal increases in entrepreneurial activity associated with a relaxation of labor market restrictions are more nuanced. At the same time, our results also suggest room for immigration policy to improve the welfare of immigrants and natives. Importantly, our estimates likely act as a lower bound given that we are not able to measure impacts in the long run. Because immigrants’ participation in the labor market is often delayed by labor market restrictions after entry, estimates of the impact of quotas and other restrictions that limit entry into the host country would likely yield more negative results given a longer time horizon.
Urban pondscape connecting people with nature and biodiversity in a medium-sized European city (Geneva, Switzerland)
Authors: Vasco Fernanda , Perrin Jacques-Aristide , Oertli Beat 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe current progressive increase in urbanisation is a contributing factor to the alarming rate of decrease in biodiversity worldwide, so it is critical to propose new solutions that bring nature, and their associated benefits, back to cities. Urban ponds and pondscapes are potential Nature-based Solutions that play a crucial role in the conservation and promotion of biodiversity, as well as providing other ecosystem services. Therefore, it is important to understand people's perception of the contribution that these ponds/pondscapes make in their daily lives. The aim of this study was to assess public perception of the value of the multiple ecosystem services, here referred to as Nature's Contributions to People (NCPs), provided by urban ponds with a focus on biodiversity. To achieve it, we conducted a face-to-face questionnaire survey among 331 visitors of urban parks and nature reserves in a medium-sized European city (Geneva, Switzerland). The results show that people highly value the different contributions provided by urban ponds, and that contact with nature is the main motivation for visiting urban pondscapes. Their positive view about the provided NCPs and also their acknowledgement of an improved quality of life suggest a public acceptance of these ponds. We also found that gender and income do not influence public perception of the contributions provided by urban pondscapes. Additionally, the biodiversity of urban ponds was highly appreciated, but there was a knowledge gap relating to biodiversity conservation, as both native and exotic species were valued equally. In conclusion, ponds are Nature-based Solutions that are very well adapted and accepted in cities, and in the future they should be part of the greening (and blueing) of urban planning to conserve and enhance freshwater biodiversity whilst also providing NCPs.
Axenic green microalgae for the treatment of textile effluent and the production of biofuel: a promising sustainable approach
Authors: Pandey Ashutosh , Kant Gaurav , Chaudhary Ashvani , Amesho Kaissan T. T. , Reddy Karen , Bux Faizal 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAn integrated approach to nutrient recycling utilizing microalgae could provide feasible solutions for both environmental control and energy production. In this study, an axenic microalgae strain, Chlorella sorokiniana ASK25 was evaluated for its potential as a biofuel feedstock and textile wastewater (TWW) treatment. The microalgae isolate was grown on TWW supplemented with different proportions of standard BG-11 medium varying from 0 to 100% (v/v). The results showed that TWW supplemented with 20% (v/v) BG11 medium demonstrated promising results in terms of Chlorella sorokiniana ASK25 biomass (3.80 g L−1), lipid production (1.24 g L−1), nutrients (N/P, > 99%) and pollutant removal (chemical oxygen demand (COD), 99.05%). The COD level dropped by 90% after 4 days of cultivation, from 2,593.33 mg L−1 to 215 mg L−1; however, after day 6, the nitrogen (-NO3−1) and total phosphorus (TP) levels were reduced by more than 95%. The biomass-, total lipid- and carbohydrate- production, after 6 days of cultivation were 3.80 g L−1, 1.24 g L−1, and 1.09 g L−1, respectively, which were 2.15-, 2.95- and 3.30-fold higher than Chlorella sorokiniana ASK25 grown in standard BG-11 medium (control). In addition, as per the theoretical mass balances, 1 tonne biomass of Chlorella sorokiniana ASK25 might yield 294.5 kg of biodiesel and 135.7 kg of bioethanol. Palmitic acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid were the dominant fatty acids found in the Chlorella sorokiniana ASK25 lipid. This study illustrates the potential use of TWW as a microalgae feedstock with reduced nutrient supplementation (20% of TWW). Thus, it can be considered a promising feedstock for economical biofuel production.
Graphical abstract
Elucidating the link between thyroid cancer and mercury exposure: a review and meta-analysis
Authors: Webster Alyssa M. , Pinion Dylan , Pineda Eric , Aboueisha Hadeel , Hussein Mohammad H. , Fawzy Manal S. , Toraih Eman A. , Kandil Emad 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMercury (Hg) is a widely distributed and bioavailable metal of public health concern, with many known human toxicities, but data regarding mercury's influence on thyroid cancer (TC) is scarce. Mercury is known to impact several molecular pathways implicated in carcinogenesis, and its proclivity for bioaccumulation in the thyroid suggests a potential modulatory effect. We conducted a literature/systematic review of studies between 1995–2022 intending to define better and establish relationships between these two entities, congregate the evidence for mercury's potential role in thyroid carcinogenesis, and identify populations of interest for further study. Insufficient evidence precludes definitive conclusions on dietary mercury as a TC risk factor; however, several common mechanisms affected by mercury are crucial for TC development, including biochemical, endocrine, and reactive oxygen species effects. Quantitative analysis revealed associations between TC risk and mercury exposure. In three mercury studies, average urine levels were higher in TC patients, with a mean difference of 1.86 µg/g creatinine (95% CI = 0.32–3.41). In two studies investigating exposure to elevated mercury levels, the exposed group exhibited a higher risk of developing TC, with a relative risk of 1.90 (95% CI = 1.76–2.06). In three thyroid tissue studies, mercury levels (ppm) were higher in TC patients, averaging 0.14 (0.06–0.22) in cancerous cases (N = 178) and 0.08 (0.04–0.11) in normal thyroids (N = 257). Our findings suggest an association between mercury exposure and TC risk, implying a possible predisposing factor. Further research is necessary to reveal the clinical relevance of dietary and environmental mercury exposures in TC pathogenesis.
Constrained many-to-many point matching in two dimensions
Authors: Caraballo L. E. , Castro R. A. , Díaz-Báñez J. M. , Heredia M. A. , Urrutia J. , Ventura I. , Zaragoza F. J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn the minimum-weight many-to-many point matching problem, we are given a set R of red points and a set B of blue points in the plane, of total size N, and we want to pair up each point in R to one or more points in B and vice versa so that the sum of distances between the paired points is minimized. This problem can be solved in $$O(N^3)$$

O
(

N
3

)

time by using a reduction to the minimum-weight perfect matching problem, and thus, it is not fast enough to be used for on-line systems where a large number of tunes need to be compared. Motivated by similarity problems in music theory, in this paper we study several constrained minimum-weight many-to-many point matching problems in which the allowed pairings are given by geometric restrictions, i.e., a bichromatic pair can be matched if and only if the corresponding points satisfy a specific condition of closeness. We provide algorithms to solve these constrained versions in O(N) time when the sets R and B are given ordered by abscissa.
Evaluating the Impact of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Protocols on Surgical Outcomes Following Bariatric Surgery—A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomised Clinical Trials
Authors: Davey Matthew G. , Donlon Noel E. , Fearon Naomi M. , Heneghan Helen M. , Conneely John B. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programmes are evidence-based care improvement processes for surgical patients, which are designed to decrease the impact the anticipated negative physiological cascades following surgery.

Aim
To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials (RCTs) to evaluate the impact of ERAS protocols on outcomes following bariatric surgery compared to standard care (SC).

Methods
A systematic review was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager version 5.4

Results
Six RCTs including 740 patients were included. The mean age was 40.2 years, and mean body mass index was 44.1 kg/m2. Overall, 54.1% underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (400/740) and 45.9% sleeve gastrectomy (340/700). Overall, patients randomised to ERAS programmes had a significant reduction in nausea and vomiting (odds ratio (OR): 0.42, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.19–0.95, P = 0.040), intraoperative time (mean difference (MD): 5.40, 95% CI: 3.05–7.77, P < 0.001), time to mobilisation (MD: − 7.78, 95% CI: − 5.46 to − 2.10, P < 0.001), intensive care unit stay (ICUS) (MD: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.13–1.27, P = 0.020), total hospital stay (THS) (MD: − 0.42, 95% CI: − 0.69 to − 0.16, P = 0.002), and functional hospital stay (FHS) (MD: − 0.60, 95% CI: − 0.98 to − 0.22, P = 0.002) compared to those who received SC.

Conclusion
ERAS programmes reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting, intraoperative time, time to mobilisation, ICUS, THS, and FHS compared to those who received SC. Accordingly, ERAS should be implemented, where feasible, for patients indicated to undergo bariatric surgery.
Trial registration International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO – CRD42023434492.

Graphical Abstract
A novel process chain for the automated repair of leading edges in aircraft engines
Authors: Kenneweg Robert , Heide Klaas Maximilian , Böß Volker , Denkena Berend , Westermann Hans-Henrik 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDue to impacts and constant stress, the leading edges of aircraft engine blades often lose their shape, while the other parts of the blade are still functional. This results in unnecessary performance losses. Currently, there is no method for a fast and effective repair process as the initial shape of the blade cannot be restored. This paper presents an automated re-contouring process chain for leading edges without prior material application. Thus, it is a sustainable approach to extend the lifespan until an energy-consuming welding process can be performed. It consists of an in-machine scanning process to obtain information about the worn shape, a subsequent target model generation based on the worn shape, and an automated process planning. The process chain is evaluated using a universal, leading edge workpiece. The results show that the target requirements for shape and smoothness are fulfilled.