bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microscopic and Ultrastructural Lesions of the Ureter and Renal Pelvis in Sows with Regard to Actinobaculum suis Infection
Authors: WOLDEMESKEL M. , DROMMER W. , WENDT M. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryTissues from ureter and renal pelvis of 18 sows naturally (n = 15) and experimentally (n = 3) infected with Actinobaculum suis (former Actinomyces, Eubacterium suis) were studied using light and scanning as well as transmission electron microscopy. The results were compared with the findings from 11 clinically healthy sows as controls. The lesions in both the ureter and renal pelvis of naturally and experimentally infected animals were similar. In severe cases there were necrotizing ureteritis and pyelitis with accumulation of bacterial colonies in some cases. Several superficial epithelial cells were found phagocytosing necrotic debris. In mild cases the main lesions included epithelial cell hyperplasia, desquamation of the superficial epithelial cells and goblet cell metaplasia with intra‐epithelial cyst formation. The goblet cells were found in the superficial as well as in the intermediate cell layers. Generally, it was observed that severe purulent ureteritis and pyelitis/pyelonephritis in sows were to be expected only in mixed infection of A. suis with other bacteria. The findings were compared and discussed with the changes in the infected urinary bladder of sows and the alterations induced by urinary tract infection in man.
Central Nervous System Cryptococcoma in a Cat
Authors: Mandrioli L. , Bettini G. , Marcato P. S. , Benazzi C. , Della Salda L. , Krockenberger M. B. , Jensen H. E. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThis report describes the gross, histopathological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic findings in a 4‐year‐old cat with systemic Cryptococcus neoformans infection. A 1‐cm diameter pontine mass, pinpoint lesions in the cerebellum and in the right kidney were the main macroscopic findings. A presumptive diagnosis of cerebral neoplasia with metastasis was formulated. Light microscopy revealed a huge number of yeasts surrounded by a pyogranulomatous inflammatory reaction in the cerebral parenchyma and, to a lesser extent, in the kidney, while the meninges were not involved. The positive mucicarmine stain that coloured the capsule of the yeasts was indicative of cryptococcal infection. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of C. neoformans var. grubii (C. neoformans serotype A). Electron microscopy revealed yeasts with a massive fibrillar capsule and lamellar cell wall free in the cerebral tissue and within macrophages.
Continuous Monitoring of Rumen pH – A Case Study With Cattle
Authors: Enemark J. M. D. , Peters G. , Jørgensen R. J. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe use of a new pH probe for continuous rumen pH measurement was investigated in a preliminary study in cattle during a 10‐day period. Two cannulated non‐pregnant dairy cows were used together with two autonomous stomach probes, containing a commercial microelectrode and a reference‐electrode with a pressure‐equalizing system. By feeding diets with changing composition it was thought to provoke marked changes in rumen pH. Probes were programmed to sample pH and temperature every 30 s. During the entire experimental period, three daily rumen fluid samples were collected via the cannula as close to the probe as possible. Upon removal of probes, final calibration revealed only minor drifting of electrodes, that was significantly lower than results obtained during previous work with continuous measurement of gastric pH. After drift correction, the calculated absolute error of respective probe measurements for 11 sampling events was on average 0.08 pH for cow 817 (maximum 0.085 pH) and 0.14 pH for cow 686 (maximum 0.146 pH). pH measured by gastric probe was on average lower (i.e. more acid) than pH determined by tube sampling, with a mean difference of 0.33 pH (maximum 0.54) and 0.05 pH (maximum 0.5) for cow 817 and cow 686, respectively. The present prototype may thus play an important role in the development of a telemetric device for continuous monitoring of rumen pH in cattle and potentially other ruminants.
Influence of Cortisol, Gonadal Steroids and an Energy Deficit on Biochemical Indicators of Bone Turnover in Swine
Authors: Weiler U. , Finsler S. , Claus R. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryIn the pig a high growth potential seems to favour a disposition for skeletal problems. Hormones of growth hormone (GH)/insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)‐I axis as well as cortisol and gonadal steroids are endocrine determinants of the anabolic potential but their effects on bone turnover in pigs have not been described. Thus, key hormones were either infused for 7 days (cortisol, 5α‐dihydrotestosterone (DHT), oestradiol) or influenced by Metyrapone (inhibition of cortisol synthesis) or energy deficit (increasing GH). Each treatment was carried out in six growing barrows/treatment. Bone turnover was characterized by daily measurements indirect parameter of osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity, osteocalcin (OC) and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) respectively. All treatments except cortisol infusion seemed to favour bone formation, as they led either to a pronounced increase in OC (Metyrapone: +14%) or to significantly reduced TRAP (DHT: −9%, E2: −17%, energy deficit: −25%) followed by significantly higher OC (DHT: +9%, E2: +6%, energy deficit: +18%). Cortisol infusion affected bone loss mainly by a severe inhibition of osteoblastic activity (OC: −61%). Some reactions are explained by direct effects of the infused gonadal steroids on bone cells (inhibition of osteoclasts) or of the experimentally modified cortisol levels (inhibition of osteoblasts by cortisol). Other effects seem to be mediated by concomitant changes of IGF‐I (inhibition of osteoclasts after energy deficit or cortisol) and GH‐secretion (increased osteoblastic activity during energy deficit), respectively. Consequences for co‐ordinated bone turnover are discussed.
Optimum Incubation Conditions for the Isolation of Yeasts from Canine Otitis Externa
Authors: Blanco J. L. , Guedeja‐Marrón J. , Blanco I. , Garcí M. E. 
Published: March 2003

SummarySamples from otitis externa in the dog were cultured on a variety of media under different conditions of incubation in order to assess the most suitable conditions, especially for the isolation of Malassezia pachydermatis. Columbia blood and MacConkey agar at 37°C for 24 h with air and Sabouraud glucose agar under microaerophilic conditions for 48 h at 37°C were considered the ideal combination.
Molecular Diversity of Campylobacter coli and C. jejuni Isolated from Pigs at Slaughter by flaA‐RFLP Analysis and Ribotyping
Authors: Moore J. E. , Lanser J. , Heuzenroeder M. , Ratcliff R. M. , Millar B. C. , Madden R. H. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryA population of porcine isolates of Camplobacter jejuni (n=11) and C. coli (n=17) were examined for genotypic relatedness employing ribotyping, as well as polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) analysis of the flagellin (fla)A gene locus. PCR was employed to amplify a 533 bp fragment from the flaA gene, including the previously described short variable region (SVR), employing the novel primers, A2 and A1 and successfully generated this amplicon for all wild‐type strains examined (n=28) of both C. jejuni and C. coli, as well as with both type strains, i.e. C. jejuni NCTC 11351 and C. coli NCTC 11366. Individual genotypes were assigned to each isolate typed employing the four typing methods (flaA‐RFLPHae III, flaA‐RFLPPst I ribotypingHae III and ribotypingPst I,) and were assigned an arbitrary genotype code in ascending alphabetical order in comparison with a database of established genotypes for each of the methods employed. This study showed that several flaA‐RFLP and ribopatterns existed within C. jejuni and C. coli, and demonstrated a heterogeneous diversity of strains occurring in the pigs examined. Ribotyping of strains with 16S and 23S rRNA with Pst I and Hae III digested chromosomal DNA allowed subdivision of strains into nine and eight groups, respectively. RFLP analyses with Pst I and Hae III digests probed with the flaA gene probe allowed subdivision of strains into eight and eleven subtypes, respectively. Employment of RFLP with the flaA nucleic acid probe and Hae III digests produced the greatest amount of variation of any genotyping scheme employed. Although there was a high degree of variability demonstrated by both typing methods, most isolates (>60%) clustered into four main genotypes, i.e. genotypes A–D. FlaA‐PCR–RFLP typing demonstrated that the majority of isolates, 67.9 and 60.7%, were included in these four main genotypes for Pst I and Hae III restriction digests, respectively, although there was a high prevalence (7/11; 63.6%) of flaHae III genotype A occurring within the C. jejuni isolates. Likewise, ribotyping studies demonstrated that most isolates were clustered into these four main genotypes, accounting for 81.5 and 60.7% of isolates for Pst I and Hae III restriction digests, respectively. This may indicate that the clonal population of campylobacters within this pig population is largely composed of persistent and dominant types, with a smaller number of hypervariable subtypes. Such data may useful in determining epidemiological routes of transmission of campylobacters from animal to animal, as well as helping to identify virulence determinants in persistent subtype populations.
Determination of the Clonal Structure of Avian Escherichia coli Strains by Isoenzyme and Ribotyping Analysis
Authors: Da Silveira W. D. , Lancellotti M. , Ferreira A. , Solferini V. N. , De Castro A. F. P. , Stehling E. G. , Brocchi M. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryForty‐nine avian Escherichia coli strains isolated from different outbreak cases of septicemia (24), swollen head syndrome (14) and omphalitis (11), and 20 strains isolated from poultry with no signs of the mentioned illnesses, for a total of 69 strains, were typed by isoenzyme profile and ribotyping analysis by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Isoenzyme analysis discriminated better among strains (0–0.07 degree of genetic dissimilarity) than ribotyping analysis (0– 0.02 degree of genetic dissimilarity). The enzyme profiles of the E. coli isolates allowed the identification of 33 clones that were organized into six main clusters (A–F). Cluster A comprised 87% of the pathogenic strains and had no commensal strains, while commensal strains were assigned to clusters B–F. The ribotyping analysis resulted in a more heterogenous distribution of strains but most of those that cause the same type of infection were kept close together. Taken as a whole, these results demonstrate that pathogenic clones are more similar to one another when compared with commensal strains and suggest a correlation between the genetic background and the pathogenic characteristics of avian pathogenic E. coli strains.
Case Report. Chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis in a non‐neutropenic patient treated with liposomal amphotericin B
Authors: Filippou N. , Papachristou K. , Ilias I. , Pefanis A. , Papaleftheris E. , Iliopoulos I. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryChronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis is a rare infection encountered mainly in immunocompromised patients. We present the case of a young woman where the diagnosis of chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis was established after an open biopsy of the right lung. Liposomal amphotericin B was administered postoperatively for 10 days with moderate success. In a concise review we summarize the basic notions of chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis.
Control of ear emergence time by chromosome 3A of wheat
Authors: Miura H. , Nakagawa M. , Worland A. J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractChromosome 3A of wheat is known to carry earliness per se genes. To determine the number of genes and their arm location, ear emergence time under a controlled environment was nvestigated using ditelosomic lines and homozygous recombinant substitution lines developed between chromosome 3A homologues from (Timstein) and (Chinese Spring) (CS) in a CS genetic background. Because the ear emergence distribution was discontinuous and two separate modes were produced, the 86 recombinant lines could be divided into 21 lines as the early ‘Timstein’3A type and 65 lines as the late CS type. This agrees with the 1:3 independent segregation of two genes both located on chromosome 3A. Therefore, two hypotheses can be proposed, either CS(‘Timstein’ 3A) carries two genes and both are necessary to give early ear emergence, or one gene for early ear emergence is present on (Timstein) 3A, but a suppressor is on CS 3A. The behaviour of ditelosomic 3AL and 3AS lines, with an ear emergence time identical to that of CS, suggested that one gene is located on the long arm and the other is on the short arm.
Assessment of genetic diversity among selected groundnut germplasm. I: RAPD analysis
Authors: Dwivedi S. L. , Gurtu S. , Chandra S. , Yuejin W. , Nigam S. N. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAssessment of genetic diversity in a crop species is prerequisite to its improvement. The use of germplasm with distinct DNA profiles will help to generate genetically diversified breeding populations. The aims of the present experiment were to study molecular diversity among selected groundnut accessions and identify those with distinct DNA profiles for mapping and genetic enhancement. Twenty‐six accessions and eight primers of a 10‐mer were selected for random amplified polymorphic DNA assay. The genetic similarity (Sij) ranged from 59.0% to 98.8%, with an average of 86.2%. Both multidimensional scaling and unweighted pair‐group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) dendrograms revealed the existence of five distinct clusters. However, this classification could not be related to known biological information about the accessions falling into different clusters. Some accessions with diverse DNA profiles (ICG 1448, 7101, and 1471, and ICGV 99006 and 99014) were identified for mapping and genetic enhancement in groundnut.
An efficient method for evaluating black walnut for resistance to walnut anthracnose in field plots and the identification of resistant genotypes
Authors: Woeste K. E. , Beineke W. F. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBlack walnut is native to the eastern USA and prized for its high‐quality timber. Walnut anthracnose, the most important foliar disease of black walnut, is caused by Gnomonia leptostyla. There is no germplasm available that is resistant to the disease. Ramets of 42 black walnut clones, comprising about one‐third of the Midwestern USA black walnut timber breeding stock, were rated for susceptibility to walnut anthracnose from 1974 to 1982. Significant differences in susceptibility were identified among clones. A method of truncation selection was able to identify the most resistant clones in less time and with a smaller commitment of resources than methods based on means. Truncation selection permitted the identification of the most susceptible clones even in years when the severity of anthracnose was low.
The Effect of Pasture Nitrate Concentration and Concentrate Intake after Turnout on Embryo Growth and Viability in the Lactating Dairy Cow
Authors: Laven RA , Biggadike HJ , Allison RD 
Published: March 2003

ContentsThis study investigated the effects on embryo growth and survival rate of feeding heavily‐fertilised spring grass, containing high levels of quickly‐degradable nitrogen, to pregnant cows. Forty‐eight lactating Holstein cows between 2 and 8 weeks pregnant were turned‐out, after a one‐week transition period onto high‐ or low‐nitrate pasture and fed a high‐ or low‐concentrate supplement. Cows grazing the High nitrate pasture had significantly higher milk and plasma urea concentrations than cows grazing the Control pasture, while cows which were fed less concentrate had a notably higher plasma ammonia. However, there was no evidence that an increased quickly‐degradable nitrogen (QDN) intake from pasture affected embryo survival or growth from 20 days onwards. This suggests that the impact of turnout on fertility mainly affects ovulation, fertilisation and/or the early embryo.
Semen Characteristics and Plasma Levels of Testosterone after Bilateral Vasectomy in Bucks
Authors: Batista M , Prats N , Calero P , González F , Cabrera F , Medrano A , Gracia A 
Published: March 2003

ContentsThe effects of bilateral vasectomy on the seminal characteristics were assessed in six bucks of the Canarian breed. In addition, we tried to establish the effects of vasectomy on the plasmatic concentrations of testosterone and the libido of the bucks. Semen samples were collected once a week from 8 weeks before to 16 weeks after vasectomy; blood samples were collected prior to vasectomy, and then at once and 1 week after vasectomy and every 2 weeks from the week 4 to the end of the experiment. One week after the vasectomy, ejaculated spermatozoa were non‐motile and the percentage of live spermatozoa was below 5% in all vasectomized males; in addition, the total number of cells/ejaculate was 3100 × 106 and 30 × 106 spermatozoa in the control and vasectomized males, respectively. Our results suggest that the vasectomized males may be used as oestrus detectors, without risks of accidental fecundating, only 1 week after vasectomy. Before vasectomy, no significant differences were observed in plasma levels of testosterone between the vasectomized and control males (5.4 ± 1.2 and 3.9 ± 1.4 ng/ml, respectively); from 4 to 12 weeks after vasectomy, a marked decrease in the testosterone concentration in all males (vasectomized and control bucks) was observed. From 12 weeks after vasectomy until the end of the experiment, four of the vasectomized males and the control males recovered their normal libido. The results suggest that vasectomy did not exert a remarkable effect on the steroidogenic functionality of the testicle.
Survey of aggressive incidents experienced by community mental health staff
Authors: Fry Anne J. , O'Riordan Declan , Turner Melissa , Mills Katherine L. 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT: The phenomenon of aggression experienced by community mental health staff is explored in the present study. Qualitative and quantitative data were elicited in a self‐report questionnaire completed by 92 community mental health workers from a metropolitan Area Health Service. Findings indicate that 96% of community mental health workers experienced some form of aggression in the course of their work, 25% felt that their life had been threatened and 7% sustained physical injuries. Issues in need of attention are the normalization of aggression and subsequent lack of incident reporting, and the appropriateness of staff safety training for community mental health settings.
Seasonal stratification and mixing in a recently flooded mining void in tropical Australia
Authors: Boland K. T. , Padovan A. V. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractEnterprise Pit Lake is a water‐filled mining void located in Australia’s wet/dry tropics south of Darwin in the Northern Territory (13°49.6′S, 131°49.8′E). In the mid‐1990s, the void was rapidly filled by the artificial diversion of the nearby Pine Creek watercourse. Profile data and surface water quality data were collected in the lake on a monthly basis from November 1998 to October 1999. Analysis of this data showed that Enterprise Pit Lake was strongly stratified for most of the year with deep mixing occurring once during the middle of the cool, dry season (August, 1999). The relatively small volume of its epilimnion and its low productivity allowed significant oxygen concentrations to remain in the hypolimnion of the lake when it was strongly stratified. Low pH values in a layer of water with a depth of approximately 35 m and located in the lake’s hypolimnion might be associated with several factors, including enhanced sulphide oxidation on the walls of the pit in this region.
Life control and health in view of qualitative and quantitative research
Authors: Häggman‐Laitila Arja , Pietilä Anna‐Maija 
Published: March 2003

Häggman‐Laitila A, Pietilä A.‐M. International Journal of Nursing Practice 1998; 4: 103–112 Life control and health in view of qualitative and quantitative research In this paper the experiences of life control and health of Finnish people are described and compared by reference to two studies with different methodologies. The goal of the qualitative study was to describe and understand the human being’s health as an individual way of existence on the basis of life descriptions. The qualitative data were gathered through thematic interviews (n=60, men and women, aged 30–50 years). The data were analyzed with the grounded theory method. The analysis showed life control to be a core category that characterizes health experiences. On the basis of the analysis, the content of concept of life control was defined to describe the data. The goal of the quantitative study was to produce information on life control among young males, their health, health behaviour, experiences of stress and life situations as well as the associations between these dimensions. The definition of life control was based on Antonovsky’s theory of sense of coherence and on the study of Söderqvist and Bäckman1. The quantitative data were gathered with questionnaires from 2500 men (response rate 60%). The data were processed using cross‐tabulation and multivariate data analysis (discriminant analysis).The connections between life control and health were obvious in both studies. To a certain extent the results were parallel, but there were also some differences which are discussed here as a starting point for developing further the research on life control and health in the nursing science context.
Serum matrix metalloproteinase‐1 in patients with chronic viral hepatitis
Authors: Murawaki Yoshikazu , Ikuta Yujito , Idobe Youko , Kawasaki Hironaka 
Published: March 2003

Background and Aims: Previously we found that serum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐1 activity decreased with progression of chronic liver disease. Our objectives in the present study were to observe the change in the serum MMP‐1 protein concentration using recently developed specific enzyme immunoassays for MMP‐1 and MMP‐1 complexed with tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)‐1 and to elucidate the clinical usefulness of the serum MMP‐1 test in chronic viral hepatitis. We measured the serum concentrations of MMP‐1 and MMP‐1/TIMP‐1 complex using these immunoassays in 64 patients with histologically characterized chronic viral hepatitis. Results: Serum MMP‐1 concentration was inversely related to the histological severity of chronic hepatitis (P < 0.0001). It was closely associated with the histological degree of periportal necrosis (P < 0.0001), intralobular necrosis (P < 0.005), portal inflammation (P < 0.0001) and liver fibrosis (P < 0.05). The serum concentration of MMP‐1/TIMP‐1 complex was also related to the histological severity of chronic hepatitis (P < 0.0001). It was associated with the degree of portal inflammation (P < 0.05), but not with the degree of periportal necrosis, intralobular necrosis or liver fibrosis. As serum MMP‐1 level was closely associated with the histological degree of necroinflammation, we examined the ability of the serum MMP‐1 test to differentiate active and inactive forms of hepatitis with a receiver operating curve. The results were compared with those of serum procollagen type III N‐peptide (PIIINP) test. We found that the serum MMP‐1 test was superior to the serum PIIINP test in assessing liver necroinflammation. Conclusions: In addition to the previously reported changes in enzyme activity, MMP‐1 proteins in serum decreased during histological progression of chronic hepatitis. The serum MMP‐1 test may be useful clinically to differentiate active and inactive types of hepatitis in patients with chronic viral hepatitis.