bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The polarimetric 𝒢 distribution for SAR data analysis
Authors: Freitas Corina C. , Frery Alejandro C. , Correia Antonio H. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractRemote sensing data, and radar data in particular, have become an essential tool for environmental studies. Many airborne polarimetric sensors are currently operational, and many more will be available in the near future including spaceborne platforms. The signal‐to‐noise ratio of this kind of imagery is lower than that of optical information, thus requiring a careful statistical modelling. This modelling may lead to useful or useless techniques for image processing and analysis, according to the agreement between the data and their assumed properties. Several distributions have been used to describe synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. Many of these univariate laws arise by assuming the multiplicative model, such as Rayleigh, square root of gamma, exponential, gamma, and the class of 𝒦Idistributions. The adequacy of these distributions depends on the detection (amplitude, intensity, complex, etc.), the number of looks, and the homogeneity of the data. In Freryet al.(1997), another class of univariate distributions, called 𝒢, was proposed to model extremely heterogeneous clutter, such as urban areas, as well as other types of clutter. This article extends the univariate 𝒢 family to the multivariate multi‐look polarimetric situation: the 𝒢plaw. The new family has the classical polarimetric multi‐look 𝒦pdistribution as a particular case, but another special case is shown to be more flexible and tractable, while having the same number of parameters and fully retaining their interpretability: the 𝒢law. The main properties of this new multivariate distribution are shown. Some results of modelling polarimetric data using the 𝒢distribution are presented for two airborne polarimetric systems and a variety of targets, showing its expressiveness beyond classical models. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Likelihood‐based tests for localized spatial clustering of disease
Authors: Gangnon Ronald E. , Clayton Murray K. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractNumerous methods have been proposed for detecting spatial clustering of disease. Two methods for likelihood‐based inference using parametric models for clustering are the spatial scan statistic and the weighted average likelihood ratio (WALR) test. The spatial scan statistic provides a measure of evidence for clustering at a specific, data‐identified location; it can be biased towards finding clusters in areas with greater spatial resolution. The WALR test provides a more global assessment of the evidence for clustering and identifies cluster locations in a relatively unbiased fashion using a posterior distribution over potential clusters. We consider two new statistics which attempt to combine the specificity of the scan statistic with the lack of bias of the WALR test: a scan statistic based on a penalized likelihood ratio and a localized version of the WALR test. We evaluate the power of these tests and bias of the associated estimates through simulations and demonstrate their application using the well‐known New York leukemia data. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparing the HR profession for technology and information work
Authors: Hempel Paul S. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractTechnology and human resource management have broad influences upon each other. Technology not only changes the administration of human resources (HR), which is the domain of e‐HR, but also changes organizations and work. HR professionals must be able to adopt technologies that allow the reengineering of the HR function, be prepared to support organizational and work‐design changes enabled by technology, and be able to support the proper managerial climate for innovative and knowledge‐based organizations. An examination of HR professional degree programs shows that traditional HR education has poorly prepared the HR profession for these challenges. To address this shortfall, HR education must be revised to provide a greater focus on technological issues, and HR educators must acquire the skills needed to teach these courses. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Form, content, and function: An evaluative methodology for corporate employment web sites
Authors: Cober Richard T. , Brown Douglas J. , Levy Paul E. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe current article reports the findings from two qualitative analyses of organizational Web sites drawn from two years of Fortune's list of “Best Companies to Work For.” The results of these analyses provide a snapshot of online employment recruitment practices at two periods in time and supplied data for a classification procedure used to develop an evaluative methodology for assessing the impact of Web sites on job‐seeker perceptions. The subsequent analysis provides insight about how the form, content, and function of employment Web sites affect job‐seeker employment‐pursuit decisions. Trends identified in this research also provide guidance for future research and practice in the area of employment Web‐site strategy and design. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Trust and leadership in virtual teamwork: A media naturalness perspective
Authors: DeRosa Darleen M. , Hantula Donald A. , Kock Ned , D'Arcy John 
Published: August 2004

AbstractParadoxically, virtual teams are ubiquitous and often successful, contrary to most current communication theories'predictions. Media naturalness theory (Kock, 2001), an evolutionary perspective on communication and its principles of media naturalness, innate schema similarity, and learned schema diversity can be used to understand, study, and manage successful virtual teamwork. In particular, potential problems of trust and leadership in virtual teams are shown to be amenable to solutions rooted explicitly in an evolutionary context. From a media naturalness perspective, geographic distance and technological complexity are secondary to processes of adaptation, as humans remain the most complex and flexible part of the communication system.©2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Beyond user acceptance: An examination of employee reactions to information technology systems
Authors: Fisher Sandra L. , Howell Ann W. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractWith failure rates of new information technology (IT) systems approaching 50% by some estimates, it is critical to understand more about the processes contributing to success and failure of these initiatives. Research in the IT field focuses on system usage as the primary outcome of interest. This article suggests that system designers and organizational researchers must also consider unintended reactions of users to such systems. We develop a process model based on theories related to organizational sensemaking and socialization to help understand employee reactions to IT systems. Recommendations for future research and system design are provided. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Association of thymidylate synthase polymorphisms with gastric cancer susceptibility
Authors: Graziano Francesco , Kawakami Kazuyuki , Watanabe Go , Ruzzo Annamaria , Humar Bostjan , Santini Daniele , Catalano Vincenzo , Ficarelli Rita , Merriman Tony , Panunzi Simona , Testa Enrica , Cascinu Stefano , Bearzi Italo , Tonini Giuseppe , Magnani Mauro 
Published: August 2004

AbstractWe investigated in a case‐control study a possible role of thymidylate synthase gene (TS) polymorphisms for gastric cancer susceptibility. Lymphocyte genomic DNA from 134 Italian gastric cancer patients and 139 controls was used for genotyping two polymorphisms in the TS 5′‐untranslated region (5′‐UTR); a double (2R) or triple (3R) 28‐bp repeat and a G/C polymorphism within the triple repeats allele (3G allele). Samples were also genotyped at a 6‐bp deletion/insertion (del6 or ins6) polymorphism at position 1494 in the TS 3′‐untranslated region (3′‐UTR). Unconditional regression with odd ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), haplotype and linkage disequilibrium analyses were used to investigate the association of the polymorphisms with the disease. The global allelic distribution was in Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium. Genotypes with the 3G allele (2R/3G, 3C/3G, 3G/3G) were significantly more frequent in patients than controls and were associated with gastric cancer risk (OR = 2.06; 95% CI = 1.26–3.35). A significant risk was also observed for carriers of the del6 allele in the 3′‐UTR. Odds ratios for combined 3G‐del6/ins6 and 3G‐del6/del6 genotypes were 2.59 (95% CI = 1.36–4.94) and 2.81 (95% CI = 1.22–6.64), respectively. The 3G‐del6 haplotype showed a significant association with the disease (p = 0.01). Polymorphisms in the TS gene may contribute to gastric cancer susceptibility and this finding deserve further investigation in the context of novel strategies for gastric cancer prevention. In vitro, 3G genotypes have been related to high TS mRNA expression, which may underlie one of the possible etiologic mechanisms. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human papillomavirus is more common in base of tongue than in mobile tongue cancer and is a favorable prognostic factor in base of tongue cancer patients
Authors: Dahlgren Liselotte , Dahlstrand Hanna (Mellin) , Lindquist David , Högmo Anders , Björnestål Linda , Lindholm Johan , Lundberg Bertil , Dalianis Tina , Munck‐Wikland Eva 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe frequency of human papilloma virus (HPV) and its influence on clinical outcome was analyzed retrospectively in pre‐treatment paraffin embedded biopsies from 110 patients with tongue cancer. The presence of HPV DNA was examined in 85 mobile tongue tumors and 25 base of tongue tumors by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with 2 general primer pairs, GP5+/6+ and CPI/IIG. When HPV‐DNA was found, HPV‐type specific primers and direct sequencing were used for HPV sub‐type verification. Twelve of 110 (10.9%) samples were HPV‐positive; 9 for HPV‐16, 1 for HPV‐33, 1 for HPV‐35 and 1 could not be analyzed because of shortage of DNA. HPV was significantly more common in base of tongue tumors (10/25, 40.0%) compared to tumors of the mobile tongue (2/85, 2.3%). The influence of HPV on clinical outcome in mobile tongue cancer could not be studied, due to that HPV was present in too few cases. Of the 19 patients with base of tongue cancer that were included in the survival analysis, however, 7 patients with HPV‐positive base of tongue cancer had a significantly favorable 5‐year survival rate compared to the 12 HPV‐negative patients. In conclusion, HPV is significantly more common in base of tongue cancer than in mobile tongue cancer, and has a positive impact on disease‐specific survival in patients with base of tongue cancer. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of proinflammatory cytokines on the adhesion of human colon carcinoma cells to lung microvascular endothelium
Authors: Ten Kate Miranda , Hofland Leo J. , van Grevenstein Wilhelmina M.U. , van Koetsveld Peter V. , Jeekel Johannes , van Eijck Casper H.J. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractIn this experimental study, the influence of surgery‐induced proinflammatory cytokines on tumor recurrence in the lung was investigated. A reproducible human in vitro assay was developed to study the adhesion of HT29 colon carcinoma cells to monolayers of microvascular endothelial cells of the lung (HMVECs‐L) or human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVECs). Preincubation of HMVECs‐L with maximally active concentrations of IL‐1β and TNF‐α, but not with IL‐6, resulted in at least 250% adhesion compared to control adhesion (p ≤ 0.01). The effect of IL‐1β and TNF‐α was concentration‐ and time‐dependent. Comparable results were found for HUVECs. Tumor cell adhesion was not increased after preincubation of HT29 with TNF‐α. Enzyme immunoassays of cytokine‐preincubated HUVECs and HMVECs‐L showed concentration‐ and time‐dependent upregulation of E‐selectin, ICAM‐1 and VCAM‐1 expression. In addition, LFA‐1 and VLA‐4 were only expressed on HMVECs‐L, creating more binding possibilities for HMVECs‐L compared to HUVECs. Inhibition assays with anti‐E‐selectin monoclonal antibody significantly decreased tumor cell adhesion to HUVECs; however, it did not affect tumor cell adhesion to HMVECs‐L. Furthermore, anti‐ICAM‐1 and anti‐VCAM‐1 antibodies did not affect adhesion. Our results prove IL‐1β and TNF‐α promote tumor cell adhesion to HMVECs‐L in vitro and may therefore account for enhanced tumor recurrence in the lung seen after major surgical trauma. The adhesion of HT29 to HUVEC is inhibitable by E‐selectin antibodies, whereas the adhesion to HMVEC‐L is not inhibitable by these antibodies. Probably not one but a complex of adhesion molecules is responsible for enhanced adhesion to HMVECs‐L. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prospective study on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma among hepatitis C virus‐positive blood donors focusing on demographic factors, alanine aminotransferase level at donation and interaction with hepatitis B virus
Authors: Tanaka Hideo , Tsukuma Hideaki , Yamano Hajime , Oshima Akira , Shibata Hirotoshi 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among asymptomatic hepatitis C virus (HCV) carriers is not well understood. A community‐based prospective study was conducted for over 8 years by record linkage to the Osaka Cancer Registry. The subjects were 1,927 individuals who were positive for anti‐HCV through screening for second‐generation HCV antibody (passive hemagglutination assay: ≥ 212) in voluntary blood donation. The risk factors for HCC and interaction between HCV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection were evaluated by including additional blood donors: 2,519 individuals positive for hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) alone, 25 positive for both anti‐HCV and HBsAg, 150,379 negative for both anti‐HCV and HBsAg. The incidence of HCC (/105 person‐years) among the HCV‐positive individuals increased with age in both genders, ranging from 68 to 1,306 among those aged 45–74 years. In the HCV‐positive individuals, the cumulative risk of developing HCC between the ages of 40 and 74 year was 21.6% among males and 8.7% among females. A stepwise increase in risk was noted as the serum alanine aminotransferase level increased or serum cholesterol level at baseline decreased in multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis. The 9‐year cumulative incidence of HCC among individuals positive for HCV alone, those positive for HBsAg alone and those positive for both was 3.0%, 2.0% and 12.0%, respectively. The age‐and‐sex‐adjusted rate ratio was 126, 102 and 572, respectively, when those negative for both were used as a reference. The results demonstrate an increased risk for HCC among asymptomatic HCV‐positive individuals in Japan. Coinfection with HBV and HCV carried a superadditive risk for HCC. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prognostic relevance of TGF‐β1 and PAI‐1 in cervical cancer
Authors: Hazelbag Suzanne , Kenter Gemma G. , Gorter Arko , Fleuren Gert Jan 
Published: August 2004

AbstractCervical carcinoma is a human papilloma virus (HPV)‐related immunogenic type of malignancy, in which escape of the tumor from the hosts' immune response is thought to play an important role in carcinogenesis. The multifunctional cytokine transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) is involved in immunosuppression, stroma and extracellular matrix formation and controlling (epithelial) cell growth. The plasminogen activating (PA) system plays a key role in the cascade of tumor‐associated proteolysis leading to extracellular matrix degradation and stromal invasion. Changes in expression of components of this system, including plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1), have been associated with poor prognosis in a variety of solid tumors. The present study was undertaken to assess the role of both components on relapse, survival and other clinicopathologic parameters in cervical cancer. The expression of TGF‐β1 mRNA in 108 paraffin‐embedded cervical carcinomas was detected by mRNA in situ hybridization. Immunohistochemistry was used to investigate the expression of PAI‐1 protein. The presence of cytoplasmatic TGF‐β1 mRNA in tumor cells was not significantly correlated with the other clinicopathologic parameters investigated or with a worse (disease‐free) survival. Expression of the PAI‐1 protein in tumor cells was strongly correlated with worse overall and disease‐free survival, in addition to well‐known prognostic parameters such as lymph node metastasis, depth of tumor infiltration, tumor size and vasoinvasion. In the multivariate analysis, PAI‐1 turned out to be a strong independent prognostic factor. In a subgroup of patients without lymph node metastases, PAI‐1 was predictive for worse survival and relapse of disease, too. Our results show that the (enhanced) expression of PAI‐1 by carcinoma cells is correlated with worse (overall and disease‐free) survival of patients with cancer of the uterine cervix. The expression of TGF‐β1 in itself is not associated with worse survival in these patients. Although simultaneous presence of the 2 factors was observed in all tumors, induction of PAI‐1 by TGF‐β1 could not be demonstrated in our group of cervical carcinomas. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Breast cancer mortality patterns and time trends in 10 new EU member states: Mortality declining in young women, but still increasing in the elderly
Authors: Tyczynski Jerzy E. , Plesko Ivan , Aareleid Tiiu , Primic‐Zakelj Maja , Dalmas Miriam , Kurtinaitis Juozas , Stengrevics Aivars , Parkin D. Maxwell 
Published: August 2004

AbstractBreast cancer is the cancer diagnosed most frequently in women worldwide. In Europe it is the most common cancer in the female population, with approximately 350,000 new cases diagnosed each year including 130,000 deaths. Incidence rates are increasing in the majority of European countries, whereas a decline in mortality rates has been observed in many West European countries since the late 1980s and early 1990s. Our study examines breast cancer mortality patterns and time trends in the new European Union (EU) member states and compares them with the situation in current EU member states. A Joinpoint regression analysis was used to assess temporal changes in mortality rates and the trends examined in the light of known risk factors, screening programs and advances in treatment. In the majority of the countries analyzed, a deceleration in the increase of mortality rates appeared, followed by a decrease of mortality in many of them in the second half of the 1990s. The declining tendency was visible primarily in young women, and to a lesser extent in middle‐aged women, whereas in elderly women a continuing increase of mortality was observed. Analysis of mortality data, information from previous publications, as well as analysis of known factors influencing breast cancer risk suggest that changes observed are due mainly to recent advances in treatment rather than changes in lifestyle risk factors or the result of screening programs. Early detection and a shift toward more favorable stage distribution could have played the leading role for mortality decline in younger patients. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Laboratory markers of tumor burden in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A comparison of viral load and serologic tests for Epstein‐Barr virus
Authors: Fan Hongxin , Nicholls John , Chua Daniel , Chan K.H. , Sham Jonathan , Lee Shuko , Gulley Margaret L. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractEpstein‐Barr virus (EBV) is present within the tumor cells of most cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Recent studies suggest that tumor burden is proportional to the level of EBV DNA in blood and that rapid blood testing can be used to guide therapeutic intervention. The relative utility of viral load vs. serology has been insufficiently studied. In our study, EBV viral load was measured by quantitative PCR using either real‐time or end‐point detection systems in serum samples from 124 NPC patients (93 pretreatment, 13 relapsed, 18 in remission) and 40 controls. Serologic titers against EBV early antigen were measured in the same serum samples. EBV DNA was detectable in 64 of 93 untreated NPC patients (69%; mean viral load 11,211 copies/ml), 11 of 13 relapsed NPC patients (85%; mean 53,039 copies/ml) and 0 of 18 remission patients. EBV DNA was detectable in only 1 of 40 non‐NPC controls (3%). In 34 instances where paired plasma and serum samples were available for testing, both were effective sample types, and there was no significant difference between end‐point and real‐time methods for measuring viral load. Early antigen (EA) IgA and IgG titers were elevated in most NPC patients regardless of whether their disease was active or in remission. EBV viral load was more informative than was EA serology for distinguishing remission from relapsed disease. EBV DNA measurement appears to be a noninvasive way to monitor tumor burden after therapy. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long‐term activation of SAPK/JNK, p38 kinase and fas‐L expression by cisplatin is attenuated in human carcinoma cells that acquired drug resistance
Authors: Brozovic Anamaria , Fritz Gerhard , Christmann Markus , Zisowsky Jochen , Jaehde Ulrich , Osmak Maja , Kaina Bernd 
Published: August 2004

AbstractTumor cells chronically exposed to cisplatin (cDDP) acquire cDDP resistance that impacts tumor therapy. To elucidate the mechanism of acquired cDDP resistance (ACR), we compared HeLa cells that gained ACR upon chronic cDDP treatment with the parental strain. We show that ACR is due to a lower level of induced apoptosis. Further, upon cDDP treatment, the levels of Fas, Bax and Bid remained unchanged, whereas Bcl‐2 and p‐Bad were reduced at late times (120 hr) after treatment. At early times, Fas ligand (fas‐L) expression was significantly enhanced in sensitive compared to resistant cells and remained upregulated up to the onset of apoptosis. Thus, activation of the Fas system is critical, which is in line with the finding that in sensitive cells, caspase‐8 along with caspase‐9 and ‐3 were activated by cDDP. cDDP provoked the activation of stress‐activated protein kinase/c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK) and p38 kinase dose‐dependently, with significantly lower levels in ACR cells than in the sensitive parental line. cDDP induces c‐Jun and AP‐1 activity, as measured by a reporter gene assay, which was again attenuated in ACR cells. Time course analysis revealed that SAPK/JNK and p38 kinase activity was sustained upregulated (> 72 hr postexposure), which occurred at much higher level in sensitive than in ACR cells. Inhibition of either JNK or p38 kinase (by JNK inhibitor II and SB 203580, respectively) attenuated cDDP‐induced apoptosis, supporting the role of JNK and p38 kinase in the cDDP response. Since several independently derived cDDP‐resistant cell lines displayed attenuated MAPK signaling, sustained SAPK/JNK and p38 kinase activation may be a general mechanism of cDDP‐induced cell death. ACR cells displayed a reduced level of DNA damage, indicating long‐term stimulation of SAPK/JNK and p38 kinase is triggered by nonrepaired cDDP‐induced DNA lesions. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.