bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of portable ultrasound machines for obstetric biometry
Authors: Rittenhouse K. J. , Vwalika B. , Sebastião Y. , Pokaprakarn T. , Sindano N. , Shah H. , Stringer E. M. , Kasaro M. P. , Cole S. R. , Stringer J. S. A. , Price J. T. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the accuracy of two portable ultrasound machines (PUM) in assessing fetal biometry and estimated gestational age (EGA).MethodsThis was a secondary analysis of data from the Fetal Age Machine Learning Initiative, an observational study of pregnant women in the USA and Zambia. Each participant underwent ultrasound assessment by an experienced sonographer using both a high‐specification ultrasound machine (HSUM) and a PUM (Butterfly iQ or Clarius C3) to measure fetal biometry and calculate EGA at each visit. By comparing paired PUM and HSUM scans, we estimated agreement between individual biometry measurements and aggregate gestational age estimates by reporting mean difference, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland–Altman plots, adjusting for trend.ResultsBetween April and December 2021, 818 participants contributed 1386 paired PUM–HSUM ultrasound investigations, of which 991 PUM scans were obtained using the Butterfly iQ device and 395 using the Clarius C3 device. Gestational age at scan ranged from 7 to 38 weeks. Compared with HSUM, the Butterfly iQ PUM had a mean difference of −0.20 (95% CI, −0.60 to 0.20) days in the first trimester and −0.68 (95% CI, −0.93 to −0.44) days in the second/third trimesters. Compared with HSUM, the Clarius C3 PUM had a mean difference of −0.47 (95% CI, −1.11 to 0.18) days in the first trimester and −1.67 (95% CI, −2.10 to −1.25) days in the second/third trimesters. ICCs were 0.989 or greater throughout. Increasing gestational age was associated with increasing error and absolute error in EGA and fetal biometry. Both PUM devices demonstrated a modest trend toward underestimation of EGA with advancing gestational age in second/third‐trimester scans, compared with HSUM.ConclusionThe Butterfly iQ and Clarius C3 PUM devices were highly accurate in performing fetal biometry in a diverse population from the USA and Zambia. © 2023 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Characterisation of cataracts and other ophthalmic findings in various species of captive penguins
Authors: González‐Alonso‐Alegre Elisa M. , Martínez‐Nevado Eva , de Quadros Lino Pérez , de la Riva‐Fraga Manuel , Rodríguez‐Álvaro Alfonso 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe identification of ophthalmic diseases that affect vision and/or cause discomfort should be a priority in captive penguins to improve their overall health and quality of life.MethodsA routine ophthalmological examination was performed on 80 clinically normal penguins (160 eyes), and any lesions observed were recorded.ResultsOcular lesions were frequent (56% of penguins), with cataracts being the most common (48.8% of penguins). Cortical cataracts (63% of eyes) and posterior subcapsular cataracts (27.4%) were the most commonly occurring. All maturation stages were found; incipient cataracts (52.1% of eyes with cataracts) were predominant, while Morgagnian cataracts (8.2%) were the least frequent. A correlation existed between lenticular changes and increasing age. Uveitis was present in 43.8% of eyes with cataracts, and ectropion uveae was the predominant clinical sign. Other ocular findings included blepharitis (3.8% of all eyes), corneal leukoma (5.6%) and posterior lens subluxation (7.5%).LimitationsThe small number of birds of some species prevented the comparison of ophthalmic findings between species.ConclusionThis study corroborates the high prevalence of ocular lesions in captive penguins. Cataracts were frequent and age related. Most cataracts were cortical, and the predominant maturation stage was incipient. Lens‐induced uveitis was a common finding. Lowered intraocular pressure was related to cataract formation.
Abdominal ultrasound features and reference values in healthy guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus)
Authors: Gómez Martin Noemi , Domínguez Miño Elisabet , García de Carellán Alejandra , Vilalta Solé Laura 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to determine the ultrasonographic features and reference values of the abdominal anatomy in guinea pigs.MethodsA complete abdominal ultrasonographic examination was performed in 20 adults and 20 young guinea pigs. The thickness of the wall of the gallbladder, stomach, duodenum, caecum, colon and urinary bladder (UB) was measured. Also, the adrenal glands (AGs) (width of the cranial and caudal poles, length), kidneys (length, width, height), ovaries (length, width), testes (length, width), uterus (width) and seminal glands (width) and the thickness of the spleen and pancreas were measured. All the measurements were compared between age groups and sexes.ResultsThe liver, gallbladder, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, UB, AGs and great vessels were clearly visualised in all the guinea pigs. No significant statistical differences were found between the sexes, but there were statistically significant differences in the size of the kidneys, AGs, pancreas, spleen and reproductive organs between age groups. No significant differences in the wall thickness of the digestive system, gallbladder and UB were observed between groups.LimitationsThe main limitation of this study is the lack of gross anatomical or histological correlation.ConclusionsThe results of this study support the use of ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool in guinea pigs and provide reference values for the abdominal organs of this species.
Improving evapotranspiration computation with electrical resistivity tomography in a maize field
Authors: Chou Chunwei , Peruzzo Luca , Falco Nicola , Hao Zhao , Mary Benjamin , Wang Jiannan , Wu Yuxin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHydrogeophysical methods have been increasingly used to study subsurface soil–water dynamics, yet their application beyond the soil compartment or the quantitative link to soil hydraulic properties remains limited. To examine how these methods can inform model‐based evapotranspiration (ET) calculation under varying soil water conditions, we conducted a pilot‐scale field study at an experimental maize plot with manipulated irrigation treatments. Our goal was to develop a workflow for (1) acquiring and inverting field electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) data, (2) correlating ERT to soil hydraulic properties, (3) spatially characterizing soil water stress that feeds into ET modeling (the FAO‐56 model), and (4) evaluating the performance of ERT‐based ET computation. Our results showed that ERT was able to capture decimeter‐scale soil water content (SWC) dynamics from root water uptake and irrigation manipulation and the contrast of soil water stress between deficiently and fully irrigated maize. We also demonstrated the flexibility of using ERT to spatially integrate soil water stress in the soil volume of interest, which could be adjusted based on different crops and plot layouts. The integration of the ERT datasets into ET modeling provided insights into the spatial heterogeneity of the subsurface that has been challenging for point‐based sensing, which can further our understanding of the hydraulic dynamics in the soil‐plant‐atmosphere continuum.
Varieties of approaches to constructing physical climate storylines: A review
Authors: Baldissera Pacchetti Marina , Coulter Liese , Dessai Suraje , Shepherd Theodore G. , Sillmann Jana , Van Den Hurk Bart 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe physical climate storyline (PCS) approach is increasingly recognized by the physical climate research community as a tool to produce and communicate decision‐relevant climate risk information. While PCS is generally understood as a single concept, different varieties of the approach are applied according to the aims and purposes of the PCS and the scientists that build them. To unpack this diversity of detail, this article gives an overview of key practices and assumptions of the PCS approach as developed by physical climate scientists, as well as their ties to similar approaches developed by the broader climate risk and adaptation research community. We first examine varieties of PCSs according to the length of the causal chain they explore, and the type of evidence used. We then describe how they incorporate counterfactual elements and the temporal perspective. Finally, we examine how value judgments are implicitly or explicitly included in the aims and construction of PCSs. We conclude the discussion by suggesting that the PCS approach can further mature in the way it incorporates the narrative element, in the way it incorporates value judgments, and in the way that the evidence chosen to build PCSs constrains what is considered plausible.This article is categorized under:
Assessing Impacts of Climate Change > Scenario Development and Application
Climate, History, Society, Culture > Technological Aspects and Ideas
Paleoclimates and Current Trends > Modern Climate Change
Method for estimating the future annual mass of decommissioned wind turbine blade material in Denmark
Authors: Bech Abrahamsen Asger , Beauson Justine , Wilhelm Lund Kristine , Skov Madsen Erik , Philipp Rudolph David , Pagh Jensen Jonas 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA model of the evolution of the onshore wind turbine blade mass installed in Denmark is proposed described by a Weibull distribution, and the age of the blades is estimated from decommissioning data to
= 29 years when half of the blade mass of an installation year has been decommissioned. This is considerably longer than the 20 year design lifetime of onshore turbines, which is often assumed to be an estimate of the End‐of‐Life of turbine blades. Thus, blade waste predictions using the simple assumption may predict that installed blade masses are entering recycling processes about 9 years sooner that what is observed in Denmark. The blade mass for decommissioning in Denmark is estimated to peak at 2000 and 5000 ton/year in 2028 and 2045 using the Weibull model.
Hydroxyl radical‐driven transformations of bisphenol A and 2,4‐dinitroanisole: Experimental and computational analysis
Authors: Schober Jaya Das , Burdsall Adam C. , Searcy Troy , Hart Jeffry , Shade Megan , Harper Willie F. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study used experimental and computational analysis to investigate the advanced oxidation of bisphenol A (BPA) and 2,4‐dinitroanisole (DNAN). The pseudo first‐order reaction rate constants depended on the molar peroxide ratio and were between 0.13 and 0.28 min−1 for BPA and between 0.018 and 0.032 min−1 for DNAN. The kinetic differences appear to be due in part to the energy requirements for oxidation, which depended on the reaction mechanism but were typically lower for BPA than they were for DNAN. Density functional theory (DFT) was used to develop transformation pathways that included experimentally‐detected byproducts. The most energetically favored pathway for BPA oxidation begins with the formation of hydroxylated derivatives, while for DNAN, the most energetically favorable degradation pathway begins with the substitution of the methoxy group. Overall, these findings demonstrate the power of combining experimental and computational tools to reveal transformation mechanisms during water treatment.Practitioner Points

Advanced oxidation transformations for two emerging water pollutants, bisphenol A and dinitroanisole, was investigated.
The observed reaction kinetics depended on molar peroxide ratio in a manner that is in keeping with previous findings.
Density functional theory‐based analysis revealed reaction energy requirements and degradation pathways.
Fates and functions of RNA‐binding proteins under stress
Authors: Goswami Binita , Nag Sharanya , Ray Partho Sarothi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractExposure to stress activates a well‐orchestrated set of changes in gene expression programs that allow the cell to cope with and adapt to the stress, or undergo programmed cell death. RNA–protein interactions, mediating all aspects of post‐transcriptional regulation of gene expression, play crucial roles in cellular stress responses. RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs), which interact with sequence/structural elements in RNAs to control the steps of RNA metabolism, have therefore emerged as central regulators of post‐transcriptional responses to stress. Following exposure to a variety of stresses, the dynamic alterations in the RNA‐protein interactome enable cells to respond to intracellular or extracellular perturbations by causing changes in mRNA splicing, polyadenylation, stability, translation, and localization. As RBPs play a central role in determining the cellular proteome both qualitatively and quantitatively, it has become increasingly evident that their abundance, availability, and functions are also highly regulated in response to stress. Exposure to stress initiates a series of signaling cascades that converge on post‐translational modifications (PTMs) of RBPs, resulting in changes in their subcellular localization, association with stress granules, extracellular export, proteasomal degradation, and RNA‐binding activities. These alterations in the fate and function of RBPs directly impact their post‐transcriptional regulatory roles in cells under stress. Adopting the ubiquitous RBP HuR as a prototype, three scenarios illustrating the changes in nuclear‐cytoplasmic localization, RNA‐binding activity, export and degradation of HuR in response to inflammation, genotoxic stress, and heat shock depict the complex and interlinked regulatory mechanisms that control the fate and functions of RBPs under stress.This article is categorized under:
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein‐RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
Entropy study of electromagnetohydrodynamic trihybrid nanofluid flow within non‐uniform peristaltic across microchannel
Authors: Elsaid Essam M. , Sayed Amir A. M. , Abdel‐wahed Mohamed S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this work, an inspection of the entropy generation of ternary nanofluids inside an irregular peristaltic channel resulting from heat transfer and fluid viscosity in addition to the combined effects of electric and magnetic fields is conducted. The flow is supposed to be subject to a combination of external forces such as an electric field, a magnetic field, thermal radiation, and Joule heating due to the Lorentz force. This model is a representation of the heat transfer processes of heat exchangers and some types of solar cells. Variation in channel width is an effective factor that has not been addressed by many researchers before, these assumptions are simulated by a set of nonlinear partial differential equations due to the dual effect of electric and magnetic forces and under the influence of special boundary conditions. This set of equations has been converted to non‐dimensional equations and then solved analytically to study the behavior of velocities, heat transfer, and the rate of entropy generation inside the channel under the influence of important embedded parameters. Some notable results have been reached, such as a clear growth of the entropy generation system by using more than one type of nanoparticle as a result of the improvement that occurs in the thermal and magnetic conductivity of the fluid, in addition to the increase in viscosity. The irreversibility resulting from friction and the electric and magnetic fields clearly rises in the middle and diminishes at the walls compared to the irreversibility resulting from thermal transfer.
In Conversation with Max Liboiron: Towards an Everyday, Anticolonial Feminist Science (Education) Practice
Authors: Liboiron Max , Higgins Marc , Tolbert Sara 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis interview with Max Liboiron took place over Zoom in May 2022. Marc Higgins and Sara Tolbert (interviewers) have been interested in Max’s work on anticolonial and feminist science as well as the work of the CLEAR Lab, and the implications for science education. They invited Max to participate in this online dialogue about these topics, among others. In the conversation that is edited and transcribed in this chapter, Max elaborates on what it means to do and teach anticolonial, feminist, and land-based science.
Conclusion: Amplifying Science Education Research with(in) a Minor Key
Authors: Wallace Maria , Higgins Marc 
Published: November 2023

AbstractScience educators are invited to consider the always-already capacity of Nature to address some of the persistent dilemmas confronting our work as science educators in this contemporary moment—a minor language. By enacting science education research in a minor tenor (as opposed to majoritarian thought), deterritorialization, political immediacy, and collective enunciation become intentional practices of grappling (as opposed to mere byproducts). Images of what is possible for science education research within a new tenor are illuminated.
What Future Do Young Mozambicans Envision in a Time of Humanitarian and Environmental Crisis?
Authors: Barraza Laura 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEducation for the future provides the opportunity for empowerment, so that individuals can work towards their chosen future. Therefore, images of the future play a crucial role in determining human behaviour and present-day actions, on both the personal and societal levels (Hicks, D., & Holden, C., Visions of the future: Why we need to teach for tomorrow. Trentham Books, 1995). This research, conducted in Mozambique, explores emerging ideas of the future in vulnerable communities, through the discussion of concepts such as resilience, social vulnerability, cultural identity, shifting values and living with uncertainty, as critical elements for the future in a community recently affected by environmental issues. Using feminist standpoint theory, I look at the vision that a community of young Mozambicans have towards the future in light of the current impact of Cyclone Idai.
No asymptotic acceleration without higher-dimensional de Sitter vacua
Authors: Hebecker Arthur , Schreyer Simon , Venken Gerben 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There has recently been considerable interest in the question whether and under which conditions accelerated cosmological expansion can arise in the asymptotic regions of field space of a d-dimensional EFT. We conjecture that such acceleration is impossible unless there exist metastable de Sitter vacua in more than d dimensions. That is, we conjecture that ‘Asymptotic Acceleration Implies de Sitter’ (AA⇒DS). Phrased negatively, we argue that the d-dimensional ‘No Asymptotic Acceleration’ conjecture (a.k.a. the ‘strong asymptotic dS conjecture’) follows from the de Sitter conjecture in more than d dimensions. The key idea is that the relevant field-space asymptotics almost always correspond to decompactification and that the only positive energy contribution which decays sufficiently slowly in this regime is the vacuum energy of a higher-dimensional metastable vacuum. This result is in agreement with recent Swampland bounds on the potential in the asymptotics in field space from e.g. the species bound, but is significantly more constraining. We further note that for our asymptotic decompactification limits based on higher-dimensional de Sitter, the Kaluza-Klein scale always falls below the Hubble scale asymptotically. In fact, this occurs whenever $$ \left|{V}^{\prime}\right|/V\le 2\sqrt{\left(d+k-2\right)/k\left(d-2\right)} $$

V
′

/
V
≤
2

d
+
k
−
2

/
k

d
−
2

asymptotically, with k the number of decompactifying internal directions. This is steeper than what is needed for accelerated expansion.
Seiberg-Witten curves with O7±-planes
Authors: Hayashi Hirotaka , Kim Sung-Soo , Lee Kimyeong , Yagi Futoshi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We construct Seiberg-Witten curves for 5d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 gauge theories whose Type IIB 5-brane configuration involves an O7-plane and discuss an intriguing relation between theories with an O7+-plane and those with an O7−-plane and 8 D7-branes. We claim that 5-brane configurations with an O7+-plane can be effectively understood as 5-brane configurations with a set of an O7−-plane and eight D7-branes with some special tuning of their masses such that the D7-branes are frozen at the O7−-plane. We check this equivalence between SU(N) gauge theory with a symmetric hypermultiplet and SU(N) gauge theory with an antisymmetric with 8 fundamentals, and also between SO(2N) gauge theory and Sp(N) gauge theory with eight fundamentals. We also compute the Seiberg-Witten curves for non-Lagrangian theories with a symmetric hypermultiplet, which includes the local ℙ2 theory with an adjoint.
A note on rank 5/2 Liouville irregular block, Painlevé I and the $$ \mathcal{H} $$0 Argyres-Douglas theory
Authors: Poghosyan Hasmik , Poghossian Rubik 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We study 4d type $$ \mathcal{H} $$
H
0 Argyres-Douglas theory in Ω-background by constructing Liouville irregular state of rank 5/2. The results are compared with generalized Holomorphic anomaly approach, which provides order by order expansion in Ω-background parameters ϵ1,2. Another crucial test of our results provides comparison with respect to Painlevé I τ-function, which was expected to be hold in self-dual case ϵ1 = −ϵ2. We also discuss Nekrasov-Shatashvili limit ϵ1 = 0, accessible either by means of deformed Seiberg-Witten curve, or WKB methods.
3d exceptional gauge theories and boundary confinement
Authors: Okazaki Tadashi , Smith Douglas J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We find boundary confining dualities of 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 supersymmetric gauge theories with exceptional gauge groups. The half-indices which enumerate the boundary BPS local operators in the presence of Neumann and Dirichlet boundary conditions for gauge fields are identified with the Askey-Wilson type q-beta integrals and Macdonald type sums respectively. New conjectural identities of E6 and E7 integrals and sums are derived from the boundary confining dualities. We also consider theories with a vector multiplet and adjoint chiral, which correspond to an $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 vector multiplet, with appropriate boundary conditions. We argue for the boundary confinement of the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 vector multiplet and comment on such theories also with classical gauge groups.