bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Childhood family environment and μ-opioid receptor availability in vivo in adulthood
Authors: Saarinen Aino , Tuominen Lauri , Puttonen Sampsa , Raitakari Olli , Keltikangas-Järvinen Liisa , Hietala Jarmo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Animal studies have reported associations of early maternal separation with altered μ-opioid receptor function but data on humans are scarce. We now investigated whether childhood family environment is related to μ-opioid receptor availability in the human brain in adulthood. Healthy participants (n = 37–39 in the analyses) were recruited from the prospective population-based Young Finns Study (YFS) that started in 1980. Childhood family environment was evaluated in 1980, including scores for stress-prone life events, disadvantageous emotional family atmosphere, and adverse socioeconomic environment. We used positron emission tomography (PET) with radioligand [11C]carfentanil to measure μ–opioid receptor availability in adulthood. Age- and sex-adjusted analyses showed that exposure to stress-prone life events in childhood was related to lower μ-opioid receptor binding in the orbitofrontal cortex, hippocampus, putamen, amygdala, insula, thalamus, anterior cingulate cortex, and dorsal caudate in adulthood (when compared to participants not exposed to stress-prone life events). Unfavorable socioeconomic family environment or disadvantageous emotional family atmosphere was not associated with μ-opioid receptor availability in adulthood. In conclusion, exposure to environmental instability (i.e., to stress-prone life events below traumatic threshold) during early development is associated with dysregulation of the u-opioid receptor transmission in adulthood. The findings increase understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms involved in the associations between childhood adversities and adulthood mental disorders.
Smad4 deficiency in hepatocytes attenuates NAFLD progression via inhibition of lipogenesis and macrophage polarization
Authors: Yang Wei , Yan Xuanxuan , Chen Rui , Xin Xin , Ge Shuang , Zhao Yongxiang , Yan Xinlong , Zhang Jinhua 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a major cause of chronic liver disorders, has become a serious public health issue. Although the Smad4 signaling pathway has been implicated in the progression of NAFLD, the specific role of Smad4 in hepatocytes in NAFLD pathogenesis remains unclear. Hepatocyte-specific knockout Smad4 mice (AlbSmad4−/−) were first constructed using the Cre-Loxp recombinant system to establish a high-fat diet induced NAFLD model. The role of Smad4 in the occurrence and development of NAFLD was determined by monitoring the body weight of mice, detecting triglycerides and free fatty acids in serum and liver tissue homogenates, staining the tissue sections to observe the accumulation of liver fat, and RT-qPCR detecting the expression of genes related to lipogenesis, fatty acid intake, and fatty acid β oxidation. The molecular mechanism of Smad4 in hepatocytes affecting NAFLD was therefore investigated through combining in vitro and in vivo experiments. Smad4 deficiency in hepatocytes mitigated NAFLD progression and decreased inflammatory cell infiltration. Moreover, Smad4 deficiency inhibited CXCL1 secretion by suppressing the activation of the ASK1/P38/JNK signaling pathway. Furthermore, targeting CXCL1 using CXCR2 inhibitors diminished hepatocyte lipogenesis and inhibited the polarization of M1-type macrophages. Collectively, these results suggested that Smad4 plays a vital role in exacerbating NAFLD and may be a promising candidate for anti-NAFLD therapy.
A MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry database for identification and classification of highly pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Lasch Peter , Beyer Wolfgang , Bosch Alejandra , Borriss Rainer , Drevinek Michal , Dupke Susann , Ehling-Schulz Monika , Gao Xuewen , Grunow Roland , Jacob Daniela , Klee Silke R. , Paauw Armand , Rau Jörg , Schneider Andy , Scholz Holger C. , Stämmler Maren , Thanh Tam Le Thi , Tomaso Herbert , Werner Guido , Doellinger Joerg 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Today, MALDI-ToF MS is an established technique to characterize and identify pathogenic bacteria. The technique is increasingly applied by clinical microbiological laboratories that use commercially available complete solutions, including spectra databases covering clinically relevant bacteria. Such databases are validated for clinical, or research applications, but are often less comprehensive concerning highly pathogenic bacteria (HPB). To improve MALDI-ToF MS diagnostics of HPB we initiated a program to develop protocols for reliable and MALDI-compatible microbial inactivation and to acquire mass spectra thereof many years ago. As a result of this project, databases covering HPB, closely related bacteria, and bacteria of clinical relevance have been made publicly available on platforms such as ZENODO. This publication in detail describes the most recent version of this database. The dataset contains a total of 11,055 spectra from altogether 1,601 microbial strains and 264 species and is primarily intended to improve the diagnosis of HPB. We hope that our MALDI-ToF MS data may also be a valuable resource for developing machine learning-based bacterial identification and classification methods.
Assessing the association between household air pollution exposure and child heath in Mongolia: a birth-cohort study
Authors: Dai Zaiyou , Woolley Katherine E. , Dickinson-Craig Emma , Bayandorj Tsogzolma , Gombojav Narangerel , Tsogt Bazarragchaa , Warburton David , Thomas G. Neil , Manaseki-Holland Semira 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Children in Mongolia are exposed to harmful levels of household air pollution (HAP) due to a high reliance on coal for indoor cooking and heating. This study aims to assess the association between HAP and child health outcomes, in a birth cohort from Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. A composite HAP measure was created using information on cooking and heating fuels and behaviours collected as part of a randomised control trial assessing the impact of swaddling on child health. Child health outcomes (Bayley Scales of Infant Development scores [BSID-II], pneumonia, height and weight) were collected at 7, 13, and 36 months. Linear and Cox proportional hazard model were used to assess the association between HAP and child health outcomes at each time point, adjusting for child, maternal and environmental confounding factors. An increased risk of pneumonia was observed with an increasing HAP score (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.02 [1.01, 1.04]) at 7 months). An increase in HAP exposure was associated with a decrease in the BSID mental score at 13 months (β: − 0.09 [− 0.17, − 0.01]), BSID psychomotor score at 36 months (β: − 0.12 [− 0.23, − 0.02]). A decrease in height-for-age z-score (HAZ) and weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) were associated with increased HAP exposure at 7 (HAZ β: − 0.019 [− 0.030, − 0.010] and 13 months (HAZ β: − 0.020 [− 0.030, − 0.011], and WAZ β: − 0.012 [− 0.019, − 0.005]), however only HAZ was associated with HAP at 36 months (β: − 0.011 [− 0.020, − 0.002]). An increasing HAP score was associated with an increase in the health outcome composite score at 7 months only (β: 0.019; 95% CI 0.003–0.035). HAP exposure was shown to negatively impact child health sustainably over 3 years. There are implications for development of appropriate public health policies to mitigate HAP exposure throughout Mongolia and similar Central Asia settings.
The role of self-rumination and self-reflection in depressive symptoms among individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder traits
Authors: Tamura Takehiro , Takagi Shunsuke , Takahashi Hidehiko , Sugihara Genichi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
While some types of rumination have been reported as exacerbating factors in depressive symptoms related to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) traits, the role of self-rumination remains underexplored. Additionally, self-reflection—a similar form of private self-consciousness which may have protective effects—has been even less examined. This study of 3,000 Japanese adults (aged 18–50 years) investigates self-rumination and self-reflection in depressive symptoms related to ADHD, using the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale, Rumination–Reflection Questionnaire, and Beck Depression Inventory-II. Statistical analyses included Pearson’s correlation and linear regression for mediation/moderation. ADHD traits were correlated with depressive symptoms (r = 0.413, p < 0.001), mediated by self-rumination (indirect effect = 0.21, 95% confidence interval [0.17, 0.26]). Self-reflection was positively correlated with depressive symptoms (r = 0.193, p < 0.001) but had a protective effect when controlling for self-rumination (β = −0.75, p < 0.001). Moderated mediation analysis showed self-reflection reduced depressive symptoms related to ADHD traits by moderating both the impact of ADHD traits on self-rumination and the influence of self-rumination on depressive symptoms. These effects were particularly significant for inattention traits. Our findings suggest that self-reflection, by mitigating self-rumination, may serve as a therapeutic target for depressive symptoms in adults with ADHD traits.
Quantum many-body physics calculations with large language models
Authors: Pan Haining , Mudur Nayantara , Taranto William , Tikhanovskaya Maria , Venugopalan Subhashini , Bahri Yasaman , Brenner Michael P. , Kim Eun-Ah 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated abilities to perform complex tasks in multiple domains, including mathematical and scientific reasoning. We demonstrate that with carefully designed prompts, LLMs can accurately carry out key calculations in research papers in theoretical physics. We focus on a broadly-used approximation method in quantum physics: the Hartree-Fock method, requiring an analytic multi-step calculation deriving approximate Hamiltonian and corresponding self-consistency equations. To carry out the calculations using LLMs, we design multi-step prompt templates that break down the analytic calculation into standardized steps with placeholders for problem-specific information. We evaluate GPT-4’s performance in executing the calculation for 15 papers from the past decade, demonstrating that, with the correction of intermediate steps, it can correctly derive the final Hartree-Fock Hamiltonian in 13 cases. Aggregating across all research papers, we find an average score of 87.5 (out of 100) on the execution of individual calculation steps. We further use LLMs to mitigate the two primary bottlenecks in this evaluation process: (i) extracting information from papers to fill in templates and (ii) automatic scoring of the calculation steps, demonstrating good results in both cases.
AI-assisted discovery of quantitative and formal models in social science
Authors: Balla Julia , Huang Sihao , Dugan Owen , Dangovski Rumen , Soljačić Marin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In social science, formal and quantitative models, ranging from ones that describe economic growth to collective action, are used to formulate mechanistic explanations of the observed phenomena, provide predictions, and uncover new research questions. Here, we demonstrate the use of a machine learning system to aid the discovery of symbolic models that capture non-linear and dynamical relationships in social science datasets. By extending neuro-symbolic methods to find compact functions and differential equations in noisy and longitudinal data, we show that our system can be used to discover interpretable models from real-world data in economics and sociology. Augmenting existing workflows with symbolic regression can help uncover novel relationships and explore counterfactual models during the scientific process. We propose that this AI-assisted framework can bridge parametric and non-parametric models commonly employed in social science research by systematically exploring the space of non-linear models and enabling fine-grained control over expressivity and interpretability.
Heat capacity features and dynamics of high-temperature superconductors
Authors: Telezhenko Yu. V. , Gurevich A. M. , Eropkin V. N. 
Published: January 2025

Literature and original data on the heat capacity of HT superconductors in the wide temperature range (0.3–120 K) are briefly reviewed.
The main main features observed in the temperature dependence of HT superconductor heat capacity in the range of low temperatures and the superconductive transition are given.
C v (T) dependence are calculated on the basis of theoretical and experimental spectra given in the literature. Contributions from different normal modes in HT superconductors are considered.
Novel low-energy geometries of single, double and triple tellurium atomic helices
Authors: Kirczenow George 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A theoretical study of single, double and triple hydrogen-terminated chains of tellurium atoms is presented. Surprisingly, H-terminated single chains with 3 Te atoms per unit cell (as in bulk trigonal Te) are found to be unstable. They relax to regular helical structures with lower energies and smaller twist angles. However, some irregular chains are found to have still lower energies, and compact disordered H-terminated Te chains of mixed chirality are found to have even lower energies. These findings are compared with results of a new systematic study of infinite periodic Te atomic chains. Pairs of H-terminated Te atomic chains are found to form DNA-like double helices with lower energies than compact disordered structures of the two chains. Triplets of H-terminated Te atomic chains are found to form triple helices. The single, double and triple Te helices reported here are beyond the scope of previously studied periodic models with small unit cells.
Image encryption algorithm based on V-shaped scanning and matrix multiplication
Authors: Sun Jiehua , Zhang Xiaoqiang , Chen Chuxia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In the big data era, images serve as essential carriers of visual information, widely utilized across fields such as commerce, healthcare, education, and the military. To ensure the security of digital images, image encryption has been widely concerned. In this paper, we propose an image encryption algorithm using a novel two-dimensional (2D) chaotic map, V-shaped scanning and matrix multiplication. Firstly, we combine two classical seed chaotic maps, the Logistic map and the Infinite Collapse Map (ICM) to form a novel 2D hyper-chaotic map named 2D-LICM, which has better performance than its seed maps and several recent 2D chaotic maps in bifurcation diagrams, phase portraits, Lyapunov exponent andsample entropy. Secondly, two chaotic sequences are used to generate a series of matrices which have modular inverse matrices in mode 256, and the original image is divided into 2 × 2 matrix blocks where the matrix multiplication operation is conducted. Thirdly, to further enhance the diffusion effect, we carry out a global exclusive-OR (XOR) diffusion operation by forward and reverse diffusion. Finally, a novel V-shaped scanning is designed to scramble the diffused image. The experimental result shows that the key space of our algorithm exceeds

2

199

, making it sufficiently large to resist exhaustive attacks. Additionally, the entropy value of the cipher image for boat.512 is 7.9992, which is very close to the ideal value of 8. Hence, the proposed algorithm is robust, making it appropriate for practical applications.
A class of generalized Liénard equations with high power damping and its applications to the KP-Burgers type equation
Authors: Hu Yanxia , Liu Shaoru 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this paper, a class of generalized Liénard equations with high power damping, which can describe the dynamic behavior of many physical phenomena, is considered. The property of integrating factors of the equations is investigated, and the corresponding first integral can be derived. Specially, the explicit expressions of integrating factors of several families of the equations with n = 2 are obtained. The linearizable family of the equations via the certain non-local transformation is given, and an explicit expression that connects integrating factors of the linearizable equations and that of linear equations is provided. Finally, the applications to a class of (2+1)-dimensional KP-Burgers type equation are proposed, and the linearization condition of traveling wave reduction of the equation is obtained, therefore, the corresponding wave solutions of the original partial differential equation can be deduced. Furthermore, the three-dimensional images of the wave solutions are provided for a better understanding of the behavior of the solutions.
Gravitational waves from dark domain walls
Authors: Christiansen Ø. , Adamek J. , Hassani F. , Mota D. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
For most of cosmic history, the evolution of our Universe has been governed by the physics
of a `dark sector', consisting of dark matter and dark energy, whose properties are only
understood in a schematic way. The influence of these constituents is mediated exclusively by the
force of gravity, meaning that insight into their nature must be gleaned from gravitational
phenomena. The advent of gravitational-wave astronomy has revolutionised the field of black hole
astrophysics, and opens a new window of discovery for cosmological sources. Relevant examples
include topological defects, such as domain walls or cosmic strings, which are remnants of a phase
transition. Here we present the first simulations of cosmic structure formation in which the
dynamics of the dark sector introduces domain walls as a source of stochastic gravitational waves
in the late Universe. We study in detail how the spectrum of gravitational waves is affected by
the properties of the model, and extrapolate the results to scales relevant to the recent evidence
for a stochastic gravitational wave background. Our relativistic implementation of the field
dynamics paves the way for optimal use of the next generation of gravitational experiments to
unravel the dark sector.
Impact of radiative cooling on the magnetised geometrically thin accretion disc around Kerr black hole
Authors: Dihingia Indu K. , Mizuno Yosuke , Fromm Christian M. , Younsi Ziri 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
It is believed that the spectral state transitions of the outbursts in X-ray binaries (XRBs) are triggered by the rise of the mass accretion rate due to underlying disc instabilities. Recent observations found that characteristics of disc winds are probably connected with the different spectral states, but the theoretical underpinnings of it are highly ambiguous. To understand the correlation between disc winds and the dynamics of the accretion flow, we have performed General Relativistic Magneto-hydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations of an axisymmetric thin accretion disc with different accretion rates and magnetic field strengths.
Our simulations have shown that the dynamics and the temperature properties depend on both accretion rates and magnetic field strengths. We later found that these properties greatly influence spectral properties. We calculated the average coronal temperature for different simulation models, which is correlated with high-energy Compton emission. Our simulation models reveal that the average coronal temperature is anti-correlated with the accretion rates, which are correlated with the magnetic field strengths. We also found that the structured component of the disc winds (Blandford-Payne disc wind) predominates as the accretion rates and magnetic field strengths increase. In contrast, the turbulent component of the disc winds (B
tor disc wind) predominates as the accretion rates and magnetic field strengths decrease. Our results suggest that the disc winds during an outburst in XRBs can only be understood if the magnetic field contribution varies over time (e.g., MAXI J1820+070).
A natural explanation of the VPOS from multistate Scalar Field Dark Matter
Authors: Bernal Tula , Matos Tonatiuh , San.-Hernandez Leonardo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Observations with the Gaia satellite have confirmed that the satellite galaxies of the Milky Way are not distributed as homogeneously as expected. The same occurs in galaxies such as Andromeda and Centaurus A, where satellites around their host galaxies have been observed to have orbits aligned perpendicular to the galactic plane of the host galaxy. This problem is known for the Milky Way as Vast Polar Structure (VPOS). The Scalar Field Dark Matter Field (SFDM), also known as Ultralight-, Fuzzy-, BEC-, and Axion-dark matter, proposes dark matter is a scalar field, which in the non-relativistic limit follows the Schrödinger equation coupled to the Poisson equation. Although the SF here is classical, the Schrödinger equation contains a ground and excited states as part of its nature. In this work, we show that such quantum character of the SFDM can naturally explain the VPOS observed in galaxies. By taking into account the finite temperature corrections for a complex, self-interacting SF at very early epochs of the Universe, we show that with the ground and first excited states in the Newtonian limit, we can fit the rotation curves of the host galaxies. With the best-fit parameters obtained, we can explain the VPOS. We do this with particular galaxies, such as the Milky Way, Andromeda, Centaurus A, and 6 other galaxies whose satellites have been observed. This result shows that the multistate SFDM is not distributed homogeneously around the galaxy, and therefore might explain the anisotropic distribution of the satellite galaxies. According to this result, this could be a general characteristic of the galaxies in the Universe. Finally, we also show how the scale of each galaxy depends on a parameter determined by the final temperature of the SF galactic halo under study. This might explain why different galaxies with SFDM give different values of the mass of the SF.
Quantitative Assessment of Dome Seeing for MUST Project
Authors: Zhang Yuchen , Lao Junsen , Cai Zheng , Huang Song , Guo Liquan , Bian Qi , Zheng Yamin , Zhang Yifan , Wang Zhuoxiao , Wang Zichao , Dai Xiaodong , Lu Lu , Zhu Youpan , Huang Lei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Multiplexed Survey Telescope (MUST) project, led by Tsinghua University and located on Saishiteng Mountain in Qinghai Province, benefits from exceptional atmospheric seeing conditions. However, local dome seeing, which can be comparable to atmospheric seeing, necessitates careful management. This research, based on numerical simulations, focuses on optimizing the thermal insulation design of the spectrograph chamber at the dome base to prevent heat conduction to the dome layer, thereby mitigating dome seeing. A comprehensive multiphysics field coupling simulation was employed, integrating computational fluid dynamics (CFD), thermodynamics, and ray tracing. The CFD analysis utilizes the large eddy simulation model to perform three-dimensional transient simulations and to capture optical turbulence. Both forced and natural convection scenarios were considered in the convective heat transfer simulations, using tailored algorithms. Based on the flow and temperature field distributions, the refractive index field was derived, and gradient-index ray tracing was conducted through the optical system of MUST. The broadening of the point-spread function was used as a quantitative metric for evaluating dome seeing. This approach closely approximates real-world conditions, enhancing simulation accuracy. The results guided the optimization of the spectrograph chamber's thermal insulation design, demonstrating that implementing appropriate ventilation between the dome and spectrograph chamber can effectively block heat transfer, ensuring dome seeing remains within a reasonable range and preserving the observational capabilities of MUST.