bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimated Prevalence Study of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder among Eastern Province Children in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: AlShamrani Foziah Jabbar , AlMohish Noor , AlJaafari Danah , AlAbdali Majed , Shariff Erum , Zafar Azra , Shahid Rizwana , AlNahdi Abdullah , AlDawsari Fahad , Ahmad Shakel , AlMoaibed Ghusoon , AlRamadhan Narjes , AlAbdulqader Munirah 
Published: November 2023

Background:
Studying mental disorders in children is significantly important due to the huge suffering of educational and psychosocial impairments in adult life. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is considered the most common mental disorder in children, especially in early school-aged children. It manifests in about 8%–12% of children in the world. In Saudi Arabia, it affects 4%–12% of children.

Objective:
The study aimed to count the number of undiagnosed ADHD cases and the associated risk factors in Eastern Province in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was performed among girls’ and boys’ children aged 6–10 years old in Eastern Province in KSA with a random selection of parents. Sample size is equal to 1658. The assessment was done by an online questionnaire filled it by parents using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition diagnostic criteria and Connor’s scale of ADHD excluding any developmental or mental disorder at the beginning of the questionnaire.

Results:
After excluding the participants who were diagnosed with behavioral and growth developmental disorder, the remaining 1430 have been screened for ADHD based on Connor’s scale. 185 of a child out of 1430 were suggested to have ADHD, of which 10 out of them show the signs of ADHD, 76 of them have moderately severe ADHD, and 99 out of them have atypical or severe ADHD based on Connor’s scale of ADHD. The study shows that there is a significant relationship between the positive screening of ADHD and gender males (71.35%), females (28.64%), family history (20.5%), nervous system diseases (4.32%), brain damage from trauma (9.72%), smoking habit of the mother (8.64%), smoking during pregnancy (3.78%), mother exposure to second-hand smoking (42.16%), child exposure to a toxic substance like lead during the early life (1.62%), and the preterm labor (15.13%). However, the study shows there is no significant relationship between the positive screening of ADHD with age, drinking alcohol, and central nervous system infection.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of undiagnosed ADHD is slightly high. Also, it has many causes of ADHD including gender, smoking, parental psychiatric disorders, and obstetric and pregnancy problems.
Study the Association between Spirometry Based Functional Grading and Six Minute Walk Distance in Chronic Respiratory Disease Patients at a Rural Tertiary Care Centre of India
Authors: Yadav Prashant , Mishra Ajay Kumar , Kumar Adesh , Gupta Ashish Kumar , Gautam Aditya Kumar , Singh Naresh Pal 
Published: November 2023

Introduction:
Six-min walk test (6MWT) is easy to use, the least expensive, and a quick measure of physical function and it reflects the capacity to perform our day-to-day activities hence quality of life can be assessed with 6MWT. This study was planned to assess the role of 6MWT in chronic respiratory disease patients and its association with spirometry-based functional grading at a rural tertiary care center of northern India.

Materials and Methods:
This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study done between December 2019 and July 2021. In this study, 110 patients were included as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. 6MWT and spirometry were conducted as per the American Thoracic Society/European Research Society recommendation using Spiropalm 6MWT and the association between 6MWT and spirometry was assessed.

Results:
A total of 110 chronic respiratory disease patients were included in the study. There were 69 (63%) males while 41 (37%) were females. Among study participants, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients were the most common 48 (43.6%) patients, followed by asthma 28 (25.5%), posttuberculosis sequelae patients 22 (20%), interstitial lung disease 9 (8.2%), and bronchiectasis 3 (2.7%) patients were found. There was a significant positive correlation of 6-min walk distance (6MWD) and % predicted 6MWD with spirometric parameters, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and there was a significant positive correlation of 6MWD with FEV1% (predicted) also. 6MWD and % predicted 6MWD negatively correlated with FEV1/FVC and association between 6MWD and FEV1/FVC was not statistically significant and between % predicted 6MWD and FEV1/FVC, it was found statistically significant.

Conclusion:
The 6MWD traveled by chronic respiratory disease patients was significantly lower than the predicted 6MWD and 6MWD correlated with spirometric variables well. Therefore, it can conclude that 6MWT is a useful alternative of spirometry in the management of chronic respiratory disease patients in resource-limited settings.
Subjects’ Sociodemographics Influence the Transmission Patterns of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli Pathotypes among Children under 5 Years in Nakuru County
Authors: Titus K Suge , Magu Dennis , Wanzala Peter 
Published: November 2023

Background:
Diarrheagenic Escherichia
coli (DEC) infections constitute the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among children in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, little has so far been done to properly reveal the pathogenic endowments of DEC in these populations.

Aims and Objectives:
We evaluated 4 DEC strains among children under 5 years.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study design was employed among 384 positive cases.

Results:
There was a significant decline in infections associated with DEC as the children grew older (χ2[12] = 87.366: P = [0.000]. A total of 56 (14.6%) cases were 0–12 months, 168 (43.8%) were 13–24 months, 88 (22.9%) were 25–36 months, 40 (10.4%) were 37–48 months, and 32 (8.3%) were 49–60 months. A total of 248 (64.6%) male subjects exhibited more susceptibility to DEC infections than their female counterparts (n = 136 [35.4%]) (χ2[3] =13.313: P = [0.004]. Subjects from urban areas (n = 248 [64.6%]), significantly bored the brunt of infections than those from rural areas (n = 136 [35.4%]) (χ2[3] = 35.147: P = [0.000]. The prevalence of DEC appeared significantly higher during rainy seasons (n = 269 [70.1%]).

Conclusion:
Young age, male gender, crowding, and rainy season play a central role in the transmission of DEC pathotypes.
Plating fixation or ring fixation compression during a masquelet technique for tibial fracture patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Abousayed Mahmoud , Amin Sherif , Othman Sherif , Hanna Farid 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to compare the outcomes of using a ring fixator compression or plating fixation in tibial shaft fracture patients treated with the Masquelet technique.

Methods
The author conducted a search of the literature for studies that compared the use of a ring fixator or plate for the Masquelet technique in patients with tibial shaft fractures. All full English only articles in the form of randomized and nonrandomized studies were included. Search engines used included PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Cochrane, Web of Science, Embase, Google scholar, Science Direct, and Clinicaltrials.gov.

Results
The results demonstrate that, patients who underwent the plating fixation with Masquelet technique had greater risks of developing superficial surgical site infections (P < 0.001), stiffness/decreased range of motion (P <0.001), wound and soft tissue disclosure (P = 0.026), postoperative fractures (P < 0.001), and had overall greater risk for postoperative failure (P = 0.003) in comparison to the ring fixation compression with Masquelet technique. In terms of deep surgical site infections, there was no significant difference between the two techniques. The results of this study would therefore suggest that the ring fixation compression with Masquelet technique is a greater alternative to the plating fixation with Masquelet technique for tibial shaft fracture patients.

Conclusion
Plating fixation with Masquelet technique had significantly higher rates of superficial surgical site infection, operation failure, refracture, stiffness with decreased range of motion, wound and soft tissue disclosure than ring fixation compression. This would suggest that ring fixation compression with Masquelet technique is a better alternative to repairing tibial fractures than plating fixation with Masquelet technique.
Combined dynamized nailing with partial fibulectomy for aseptic diaphyseal tibial nonunion in adults
Authors: Elshahhat Amr , Abouelezz Saad 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background and aim of the study
Mechanical stability of hypertrophic nonunion remains the goal for treatment leading to bony bridging and remodeling. Partial fibulectomy or dynamization was reported with a wide range of clinical and radiological results. This study aims at assessment of combined dynamically locked nailing with partial fibulectomy technique to reach biological and mechanical stability with shorter healing time.

Patients and methods
This study included seventeen skeletally mature patients with aseptic diaphyseal hypertrophic tibial nonunion after nailing or external fixator. Patients with infected nonunion, atrophic nonunion, skeletally immature, and those with incomplete follow-up were excluded. Included patients were allocated into two groups, and final functional and radiological outcome regards healing time, union, limb alignment and rotation, knee and ankle rage of motions were reported.

Results
The mean follow-up period was 33.3 ± 6.2months. All nonunions healed successfully within 11.9 ± 1.5weeks (range: 10–16 weeks). One patient had tibial plafond injury that necessitated nail removal. The mean angle of coronal angulation was 1.4 ± 1.4°. The rotational difference between both limbs as per the thigh-foot angle was 2.5 ± 1.7°. The average functional outcome as per the Karlström-Olerud scale score was 30.9 ± 3. A significant difference was evident between the external fixator group and the nailing group in terms of functional grading scale (P=0.03).

Conclusion
The combined dynamically locked nailing with partial fibulectomy technique is a biology-preserving technique that provides mechanical stability, allows early return to functional activity with complete bone healing and no need for further surgeries.
Treatment of peroneal spasmodic valgus foot with posterior subtalar fusion using a tightly packed iliac crest bone graft without fixation
Authors: Eforse Elsayed , Marei Abdelhakim E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Purpose
The aim of this work is to study the result of posterior subtalar fusion as a modality of treatment of idiopathic spasmodic valgus feet. We study the effect of using a tightly impacted iliac crest bone graft to achieve stable joint distraction without additional fixation.

Materials and Methods
The study was done in the period between June 2017 and January 2019. Patients’ age ranged from 12 to 16 years. Patients were all treated with subtalar fusion at the level of the posterior facet. A wedged tricortical iliac crest bone graft was tightly impacted in the joint with its base facing laterally. No additional fixation methods were used. Patients were followed radiologically and functionally using the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle–Hind foot scale (AOFAS-AHS).

Results
The study included 12 males and one female with a mean age of 13.5 ± 1.2 years. Five cases were bilateral and eight cases had unilateral affection with a total 18 feet. The mean follow-up period averaged 12 months (6–18) months. The AOFAS-AHS significantly increased from a preoperative mean of 41.2 ± 1.8 points to a postoperative mean of 82.8 ± 3.6 points (P value <0.001), with a significant improvement in the radiological parameters used to evaluate the deformity.

Conclusion
Operative treatment in form of subtalar fusion is a good surgical option that showed significant improvement of symptoms and deformity correction. The technique of distraction bone block using wedged iliac graft allows a stable fusion and avoids hardware complications.
The study of long noncoding RNA SNHG5 and PANDAR genes expression in newly diagnosed egyptian adult acute myeloid leukemia patients
Authors: Abdelrahman Amira M. N. , Hassan Naglaa M. , Zidan Magda Abd El-Aziz , Ibrahem Ahmed Elsayed Aly 
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:
Due to their impact on crucial steps in hematopoiesis, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) deregulation potentially accelerates the growth and development of blood cancers like acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The study aimed to look into different expression patterns, prognostic value, and clinical importance of lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 5 (SNHG5) and promoter of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A antisense DNA damage-activated RNA (PANDAR) genes in Egyptian adult patients with AML.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS:
The case–control study was conducted between 2019 and 2022 at the Clinical Pathology Department at the National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt. The study involved 80 recently diagnosed patients with AML and 20 healthy controls. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to assess the levels of expression of SNHG5 and PANDAR genes.

RESULTS:
In comparison to healthy controls, there was a significantly higher SNHG5 gene expression (P = 0.026) and PANDAR expression (P < 0.001) in patients’ bone marrow samples. The study of the correlations revealed a significant positive association between SNHG5 and PANDAR genes in AML patients. The overall survival (OS) was significantly better in the low SNHG5 gene expression group than in the high SNHG5 gene expression group. No significant difference was detected regarding the disease-free survival (DFS) between patients with low expression and high expression of the SNHG5 gene. No significant variation between high PANDAR gene and low PANDAR gene expression regarding OS and DFS.

CONCLUSION:

SNHG5 and PANDAR may have a pathogenic role in AML, and their overexpression might be considered a marker for diagnosis in AML patients in Egypt. SNHG5 expression can be used as a predictor for OS, while PANDAR expression cannot be used as a predictor for OS or DFS in patients.
Clinico-pathological profile of parotid gland tumors at a tertiary care center in North India
Authors: Gautam Shailendra Kumar , Kumar Sunil , Singh Hitendra Prakash , Singh Abhishek Bahadur , Chandra Manish 
Published: November 2023

Aim of the Study:
The objective of this study was to know the various types of parotid tumors and their clinical presentations, surgical management, and post-operative outcome.

Material and Methods:
Data of 102 patients assessed from hospital records who underwent parotid surgery between the years 2013 and 2018 were obtained. Parameters included age, sex, socio-demographic profile, presenting complaints, examination findings, and cytopathology. Surgical techniques, post-operative complications such as a facial scar, retro-mandibular and pre-auricular depression, facial palsy, Frey's syndrome, and numbness over the ear lobule were analyzed.

Result:
Out of a total of 102 patients, 54.0% of patients were male, and 45.1% were female. The mean age of patients was 33.30 ± 13.87 years ranging from 7 to 65 years. The most common clinical presentation was swelling in the parotid region (95.1%), and associated symptoms with swelling were pain (17.5%), facial palsy (4.9%), discharging sinus (4.9%), and ulcerative lesions (1%) at the time of presentation. Pleomorphic adenoma was the most common benign neoplasm (76.5%), followed by Warthin's tumors (2.9%). Mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most common malignant neoplasm (3.9%). After parotid surgery, 35% of patients had a sensory impairment or hypoesthesia of the ear lobule, and 23.28% had temporary facial nerve weakness. 5.0% of patients had permanent facial weakness, and 2.06% of patients had weakness of the marginal mandibular nerve.

Conclusion:
Pleomorphic adenoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma are the most common benign and malignant tumors, respectively, and parotidectomy is the treatment of choice, depending on the tumor location. Successful treatment depends on early diagnosis and histopathological and radiological investigations. Sensory impairment and temporary facial nerve paralysis are the most common post-operative complications, which are minimized by proper knowledge of anatomy and meticulous dissection of the facial nerve during parotid surgery.
Oral health-related quality of life in Brazilian children, adolescents, and young adults undergoing cancer treatment
Authors: Bresolin Carmela R. , Palma Luiz F. , Serrano Rafael V. , Toline Cristina , Tuchtenhagen Simone , Ardenghi Thiago M. , Praetzel Juliana R. 
Published: November 2023

Introduction:
Cancer is considered a major public health problem worldwide and may have an important impact on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Thus, the present study aimed to assess OHRQoL in Brazilian patients aged 3 to 21 years undergoing cancer treatment.

Materials and Methods:
In total, 121 patients receiving cancer treatment and 363 healthy individuals (control group) were evaluated. OHRQoL was assessed using an age-specific questionnaire, that is, the Brazilian versions of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS), the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ) 11–14-short version, the CPQ 8–10-short version, and the short-form of Oral Health Impact Profile Questionnaire-14 (OHIP-14).

Results:
Individuals from the control group who were evaluated by the ECOHIS presented more impact on the OHRQoL regarding the psychological and family function score, as well as those evaluated by CPQ 8–10, who presented more impact in general. However, considering CPQ 11–14, cancer patients had their OHRQoL more affected, as shown in both the total questionnaire score and oral symptoms score.

Conclusion:
Within the limitations of this Brazilian study, cancer treatment seems to be associated with decreased OHRQoL only in patients aged between 11 and 14 years. However, children without cancer aged between 8 and 10 years seem to experience worse OHRQoL.
Comparative evaluation of efficacy of Halstead technique, Clark and Holmes technique, Gow Gates technique, and Sargenti technique for mandibular anesthesia
Authors: Awate Sayali , Bhate Kalyani , Londhe Uday , Contractor Murtaza , Bhosale Tushar , Lokhande Shreyas 
Published: November 2023

Aim:
This study aimed to evaluate the inferior alveolar nerve block, that is, the Halstead technique, Clark and Holmes technique, Gow Gates technique, and Sargenti technique, for mandibular anesthesia.

Methodology:
This prospective, double-blinded, in-vivo study was conducted amongst 100 patients, requiring mandibular anesthesia. These patients were divided into four groups. Parameters assessed were time required for appearance of subjective and objective symptoms and signs, positive aspiration, need for supplementary anesthesia, and ease of administration.

Results:
The means for subjective symptoms for the four techniques, that is, Halstead technique, Clark and Holmes technique, Gow Gates technique, and Sargenti technique, were 78.44, 120.76, 176.6, and 203.08, respectively. The means for objectives symptoms for the four techniques, that is, Halstead technique, Clark and Holmes technique, Gow Gates technique, and Sargenti technique, were 110.6, 269.8, 287.48, and 154.08, respectively. Halstead technique had statistically significant (P < 0.05) faster objective signs than all the other techniques. Supplementary block if required was noted for all four techniques.

Conclusion:
The Clark and Holmes technique showed maximum complications, while Gow Gates technique was most difficult to administer. The Angelo Sargenti technique gave good results, same as standard Halstead technique.
External auditory canal injuries in maxillofacial trauma – Proposal of a symptom-based treatment algorithm with a report of twelve cases
Authors: Panneerselvam Elavenil , Alagesan Ramkumar Ceyar Kuppuswamy , Sripathi Vaishnavi , Sridharan Geetha , Balasubramanian Sasikala , Balakrishna Krishnakumar Raja Vegasana 
Published: November 2023

Purpose:
Injury to the external auditory canal (EAC) may occur following facial trauma. They manifest as otalgia, ear bleeding, otorrhea, facial palsy, or altered hearing. But literature regarding its management is sparse. The study aimed to identify the incidence and types of EAC injury in facial trauma, grade their severity, and propose a symptom-based treatment algorithm.

Patients and Methods:
This was a prospective case series involving patients with signs/symptoms of EAC injury following maxillofacial trauma. The EAC was evaluated by clinical examination, imaging, endoscopy, and audiometry. Clinical findings were graded into mild, moderate, and severe. Treatment was matched to clinical findings according to the proposed algorithm. The outcomes of the study were incidence and types of EAC injury in facial trauma and resolution of presenting signs/symptoms. Data were analyzed for descriptive statistics using SPSS software (v26; IBM, Armonk, NY).

Results:
A total of 88 patients reported with maxillofacial trauma during a 6-month period. Signs/symptoms of EAC injury were observed in 41 patients, of which 12 (11 males and 1 female) were confirmed with a diagnosis of EAC injuries. Eight patients demonstrated only cartilaginous injuries while three had bony injuries. Treatment was successful in 11 out of 12 patients, with a best point estimate of 0.86 (Z score-1.959, 95% CI).

Conclusion:
Clinical findings of EAC injury mandate thorough investigation to ascertain the site and severity of the injury. Symptom-based treatment of EAC injuries produces an effective resolution of signs/symptoms and improved treatment outcomes.