bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of children and adolescents with localized parameningeal sarcoma: Experience of the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group protocols IRS‐II through ‐IV, 1978–1997*†
Authors: Raney Richard Beverly , Meza Jane , Anderson James R. , Fryer Christopher J. , Donaldson Sarah S. , Breneman John C. , Fitzgerald Thomas J. , Gehan Edmund A. , Michalski Jeff M. , Ortega Jorge A. , Qualman Stephen J. , Sandler Eric , Wharam Moody D. , Wiener Eugene S. , Maurer Harold M. , Crist William M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundWe reviewed 611 patients with parameningeal sarcoma entered on Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group (IRSG) Protocols‐II through‐IV (1978–1997), to delineate treatment results and evaluate prognostic factors.ProcedurePrimary sites were the middle ear/mastoid (N = 138), nasopharynx/nasal cavity (N = 235), paranasal sinuses (N = 132), parapharyngeal region (N = 29), and the pterygopalatine/infratemporal fossa (N = 77). Treatment was initial biopsy or surgery followed by multiagent chemotherapy and radiation therapy (XRT). Beginning in 1977, patients with cranial nerve palsy, cranial base bony erosion, and/or intracranial extension at diagnosis were considered as having meningeal involvement. They received triple intrathecal medications, whole brain XRT, and then spinal XRT. These treatments were successively eliminated from 1980 to 1991.ResultsThe 611 patients' overall survival rate at 5 years was 73% (95% confidence interval, 70–77%). Favorable prognostic factors were: age 1–9 years at diagnosis; primary tumor in the nasopharynx/nasal cavity, middle ear/mastoid, or parapharyngeal areas; no meningeal involvement; and non‐invasive tumors (T1). Thirty‐five of 526 patients (6.7%) with information about presence/absence of meningeal involvement at diagnosis developed central nervous system (CNS) extension at 5–164 weeks (median, 46 weeks) after starting therapy. The estimated 5‐year cumulative incidence rate of CNS extension during the study period was 5–7% (P = 0.88).ConclusionsBiopsy, XRT to the target volume, and systemic chemotherapy are successful treatments for the large majority of patients with localized parameningeal sarcoma. Carefully defining and irradiating the initial volume should reduce the risk of CNS failure. Aggressive initial surgical management of these patients is unnecessary. Med Pediatr Oncol 2002;38:22–32. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determination of the aqueous‐phase structure of 6‐O‐methylerythromycin from NMR constraints
Authors: Steinmetz Wayne E. , Sadowsky Jack D. , Rice Jeffrey S. , Roberts John J. , Bui Yen K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe three‐dimensional structure of the antibiotic 6‐O‐methylerythromycin in water was determined via constrained molecular mechanics using constraints derived from NMR spectra. The NMR structure is compared with its crystal structure and the structures of other derivatives of erythromycin. Distance constraints were obtained from NOESY, ROESY and GOESY spectra and torsional constraints from proton–proton and proton–carbon vicinal coupling constants. The modeling calculations employed Version 6.5 of SYBYL and the 1994 release of the Merck Molecular Force Field. The three‐dimensional structure is defined by four structures that minimize the energy and satisfy all the experimental NMR data. It has the following characteristics: the macrolide ring adopts a folded‐out conformation, the cladinose and desosamine rings adopt chair conformations, the cladinose ring is parallel to the plane of the macrolide ring and the desosamine ring is perpendicular to the macrolide ring. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
13C NMR spectra of halocarbons
Authors: Foris Anthony 
Published: August 2002

Abstract13C NMR chemical shifts and 13C–19F and 13C–1H coupling constants are reported for 103 halocarbons. Methods used for analyzing complex spectra (e.g. simultaneous 1H and 19F broadband decoupling, 2D INADEQUATE/FRED, HMQC, 35,37Cl isotope effects) are briefly illustrated. Longitudinal relaxation times for CF3CCl2CH2CHClF are reported. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Survey of NMR experiments for the determination of nJ(C,H) heteronuclear coupling constants in small molecules
Authors: Marquez Brian L. , Gerwick William H. , Thomas Williamson R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA survey of heteronuclear correlation experiments for the measurement of heteronuclear coupling constants is presented. The purpose of this survey is to evaluate several recent experiments for measuring nJ(C,H) (n = 2, 3) couplings in one comprehensive review. Ten experiments are presented and evaluated relative to one another in terms of experimental usability, ease of data interpretation and number of usable correlations. The experiments compared in this survey are the sensitivity‐improved hetero‐(ω1)‐half‐filtered TOCSY (HETLOC), carbon‐sorted HETLOC (HSQC‐HECADE), coupled/decoupled HSQC‐TOCSY, GSQMBC, HSQMBC, G‐BIRDR,X‐HSQMBC, J‐resolved HMBC‐2, J‐IMPEACH‐MBC and methods for extracting heteronuclear coupling constants from gradient‐selected variants of the magnitude‐mode and phase‐sensitive HMBC. The plant alkaloid strychnine was used as a model compound for this study. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Infectious and immune factors in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders: Epidemiology, hypotheses, and animal models
Authors: Hornig Mady , Lipkin W. Ian 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBoth genetic and environmental factors contribute to the pathogenesis of a wide variety of neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism, mental retardation, and schizophrenia. Some heritable disorders approach 100% penetrance; nonetheless, even in these disorders, subtle aspects of clinical disease expression may be influenced by the environment. In other disorders with genetic influences, exogenous factors, and the timepoint(s) during nervous system development at which they are introduced, modulate expression of disease. Elucidation of the mechanisms guiding this intricate interplay between host response genes, environmental agents, and the neurodevelopmental context within which these interactions occur, is necessary to understand the continuum of clinical outcomes. This chapter will review the evidence that infectious and immune factors may contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders, describe an animal model of neurodevelopmental disorders based upon viral infection, identify processes by which neural circuitry may be compromised, and outline areas for future research. MRDD Research Reviews 2001;7:200–210. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Embedded MR fluoroscopy: High temporal resolution real‐time imaging during high spatial resolution 3D MRA acquisition
Authors: Fain Sean B. , Riederer Stephen J. , Huston John , King Bernard F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA method termed “embedded fluoroscopy” for simultaneously acquiring a real‐time sequence of 2D images during acquisition of a 3D image is presented. The 2D images are formed by periodically sampling the central phase encodes of the slab‐select direction during the 3D acquisition. The tradeoffs in spatial and temporal resolution are quantified by two parameters: the “redundancy” (R), the fraction of the 3D acquisition sampled more than once; and the “effective temporal resolution” (T), the time between temporal updates of the central views. The method is applied to contrast‐enhanced MR angiography (CE‐MRA). The contrast bolus dynamics are portrayed in real time in the 2D image sequence while a high‐resolution 3D image is being acquired. The capability of the 2D acquisition to measure contrast enhancement with only a 5% degradation of the spatial resolution of the 3D CE‐MR angiogram is shown theoretically. The method is tested clinically in 15 CE‐MRA patient studies of the carotid and renal arteries. Magn Reson Med 4:690–698, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
3‐D surface reconstruction of multiple sclerosis lesions using spherical harmonics
Authors: Goldberg‐Zimring D. , Azhari H. , Miron S. , Achiron A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA new approach to approximate the 3‐D shape of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions and to calculate their volumes is presented. The suggested method utilizes sets of MS lesion contours taken from segmented MR images and approximates their 3‐D surfaces by spherical harmonics. This method was applied to obtain 3‐D reconstructions of in vivo and simulated MS lesions and to calculate their volumes. The results show good geometrical approximations of the original MS lesions' 3‐D shapes and good consistency in volume estimation independent of the size of the lesions. The average volume estimation error was smaller than the commonly used technique of slice stacking (15.5 ± 13.4% and 13.1 ± 10.1% vs. 25.0 ± 17.0%). The method presented here offers a tool for analyzing the geometrical characteristics of MS lesions in 3‐D as well as their volumes. The geometrical information may potentially serve as an additional clinical index for monitoring the disease. Magn Reson Med 46:756–766, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Visual analysis of variance: A tool for quantitative assessment of fMRI data processing and analysis
Authors: McNamee Rebecca L. , Eddy William F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAnalysis of variance (ANOVA) is widely used for the study of experimental data. Here, the reach of this tool is extended to cover the preprocessing of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. This technique, termed visual ANOVA (VANOVA), provides both numerical and pictorial information to aid the user in understanding the effects of various parts of the data analysis. Unlike a formal ANOVA, this method does not depend on the mathematics of orthogonal projections or strictly additive decompositions. An illustrative example is presented and the application of the method to a large number of fMRI experiments is discussed. Magn Reson Med 46:1202–1208, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Training by low‐frequency stimulation of tibialis anterior in spinal cord–injured men
Authors: Harridge Stephen D.R. , Andersen Jesper L. , Hartkopp Andreas , Zhou Shu , Biering‐Sørensen Fin , Sandri Claudia , Kjær Michael 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe tibialis anterior muscle of nine paraplegic men was chronically stimulated (2–6 h per day; at 10 Hz, 5 s on, 5 s off) under isometric loading conditions for 5 days per week for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks of training, muscle fatigue resistance in an electrically evoked test had increased by an average of 75% (P < .01, n = 9), but there were no changes in the relative composition of the three myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms. Five of the subjects continued training for an additional 5 weeks (2 h per day, 3 days per week). Although there was a tendency for twitch time to peak torque to increase after this additional period, no change occurred in relative MHC isoform content. However, in situ hybridization analysis revealed that even after 2 weeks of stimulation, there was evidence of upregulation of the mRNA for the MHC‐I isoform and downregulation of the MHC‐IIX isoform, a development that continued in weeks 4 and 9. This study provides evidence, at the level of gene transcription, that a fast‐to‐slow change in MHC isoform composition may be possible in human muscle when its usage is significantly increased. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Muscle Nerve 25: 000–000, 2002
Quadriceps muscle function and fatigue in women with Addison's disease
Authors: Jakobi Jennifer M. , Killinger Donald W. , Wolfe Bernard M. , Mahon Jeffrey L. , Rice Charles L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn nine patients with Addison's disease (mean ± SE: 51 ± 2 years) receiving conventional steroid treatment, and nine age‐matched healthy controls (56 ± 2 years), we investigated maximum voluntary quadriceps force (MVC) and contractile properties evoked with stimulation and central activation both at rest and during a submaximal intermittent fatigue task. The MVC was similar (−3%), but twitch tension (−27%) and central activation were significantly less (−7%), and tetanic half‐relaxation time was ∼40% slower in the patients. Twitch amplitudes were potentiated by 6% in the patients, but unchanged in the control group. The patients self‐terminated a submaximal intermittent fatigue protocol (0.6 duty cycle) at ∼5 ± 1 min, whereas the controls stopped when they lost 50% of MVC force (∼10 ± 1 min). Force loss was similar between groups over the first 5 min of the fatigue task. In the patient group, maximal and submaximal relative integrated electromyogram (IEMG) increased significantly in the first minute of fatigue and remained elevated, whereas the controls exhibited a gradual increase in submaximal IEMG with little change in maximal IEMG. These results indicate that conventionally treated Addison's patients have similar MVC strength, but altered contractile properties and decreased endurance compared with controls. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 24: 1040–1049, 2001
The dystrophin–glycoprotein complex, cellular signaling, and the regulation of cell survival in the muscular dystrophies
Authors: Rando Thomas A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMutations of different components of the dystrophin–glycoprotein complex (DGC) cause muscular dystrophies that vary in terms of severity, age of onset, and selective involvement of muscle groups. Although the primary pathogenetic processes in the muscular dystrophies have clearly been identified as apoptotic and necrotic muscle cell death, the pathogenetic mechanisms that lead to cell death remain to be determined. Studies of components of the DGC in muscle and in nonmuscle tissues have revealed that the DGC is undoubtedly a multifunctional complex and a highly dynamic structure, in contrast to the unidimensional concept of the DGC as a mechanical component in the cell. Analysis of the DGC reveals compelling analogies to two other membrane‐associated protein complexes, namely integrins and caveolins. Each of these complexes mediates signal transduction cascades in the cell, and disruption of each complex causes muscular dystrophies. The signal transduction cascades associated with the DGC, like those associated with integrins and caveolins, play important roles in cell survival signaling, cellular defense mechanisms, and regulation of the balance between cell survival and cell death. This review focuses on the functional components of the DGC, highlighting the evidence of their participation in cellular signaling processes important for cell survival. Elucidating the link between these functional components and the pathogenetic processes leading to cell death is the foremost challenge to understanding the mechanisms of disease expression in the muscular dystrophies due to defects in the DGC. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 24: 1575–1594, 2001
An additional phase in PCr use during sustained isometric exercise at 30% MVC in the tibialis anterior muscle
Authors: Houtman C. J. , Heerschap A. , Zwarts M. J. , Stegeman D. F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe occurrence of an abrupt acceleration in phosphocreatine hydrolysis in the tibial anterior muscle during the last part of a sustained isometric exercise at 30% maximal voluntary contraction until fatigue is demonstrated in seven out of eight healthy subjects by applying in vivo 31P NMR spectroscopy at 1.5 T field strength. This additional third phase in PCr hydrolysis, is preceded by a common biphasic pattern (first fast then slow) in PCr use. The NMR spectra, as localized by a surface coil and improved by proton irradiation, were collected at a time resolution of 16 s. Mean rates of PCr hydrolysis during exercise were −0.44 ± 0.19% s−1, −0.07 ± 0.04% s−1, and −0.29 ± 0.10% s−1 for the three successive phases. The increased rate of PCr hydrolysis, and also the loss of fine force control evident in the force records are consistent with increased involvement of large, fast‐fatiguable units later in the contraction. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Serial proton spectroscopy, magnetization transfer ratio and T2 relaxation in pseudotumoral demyelinating lesions
Authors: Cucurella M. Gràcia , Rovira Alex , Grivé Elisenda , Tintoré Mar , Montalban Xavier , Alonso Julio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn some rare cases, demyelinating plaques appear on contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted images as pseudotumoral, cyst‐like lesions (hypointense, ring enhancing). Serial proton MR spectroscopy, T2 relaxometry and magnetization transfer ratios (MTR) were performed on three pseudotumoral demyelinating lesions to obtain information about their pathological basis. Baseline and 1‐month MTR and T2 values were similar to those of cerebrospinal fluid, while spectra showed lactate, lipids and choline. Three‐month and 1 year exams showed recovery of MTR, T2 and N‐acetylaspartate, approaching the contralateral values, while creatine and choline were normal or surpassed contralateral values. Lipids and lactate gradually disappeared. These results suggest that pseudotumoral, cyst‐like, ring‐enhancing lesions may be characterized by an accumulation of oedema in the extracellular space with an almost complete absence of cells. Reduction of the oedema allows restoration of the tissue to its original location, indicating that cellular destruction was less important than was expected after the first exam. Thus, the evolution of this kind of lesion should be kept in mind when considering lesion volume from T1‐weighted images as a marker of disability or irreversible cellular destruction in MS. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of chronic denervation and denervation‐reinnervation on cytoplasmic creatine kinase transcript accumulation
Authors: Washabaugh Charles H. , Ontell Martin P. , Kant Jeffrey A. , Daood Monica J. , Watchko Jon F. , Watkins Simon C. , Ontell Marcia 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscles of adult mice were chronically denervated or denervated and allowed to reinnervate. Muscles were evaluated 1, 5, 14, 21, and 52 days after sciaticectomy. In terms of weight loss, myofiber atrophy, degeneration, and fibrosis, the soleus muscle was more affected than the EDL by chronic denervation. Fifty‐two days after chronic denervation, the number of molecules of MCK/ng total RNA in both muscles (determined with competitive PCR) decreased, with the soleus muscle being more affected. At that stage, BCK mRNA levels in the denervated soleus were unchanged, but they were increased (>50%) in the EDL. Reinnervation restored MCK transcript accumulation in the EDL, whereas, in the soleus MCK, transcripts exceeded control values by 57%, approaching levels in the reinnervated EDL. Despite restoration of MCK mRNA levels, the number of molecules of BCK mRNA/ng total RNA was four‐ to fivefold higher in reinnervated versus control muscles, suggesting that the genes encoding the CK mRNAs are not coordinately regulated in adult muscle. The role of denervation induced, fiber type changes in regulating CK mRNA accumulation has been evaluated. Electron microscopic analyses have established that fibrosis is not a factor that determines BCK mRNA levels in the chronically denervated or denervated‐reinnervated muscles. CK isozyme analyses support the hypothesis that a greater proportion of BCK mRNA found in 52 day chronically denervated and denervated‐reinnervated muscles is produced in myofibers vs. nonmuscle cells than in control muscles. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Neurobiol 47: 194–206, 2001
Finite element simulation of the steel plates hot rolling process
Authors: Cavaliere Miguel A. , Goldschmit Marcela B. , Dvorkin Eduardo N. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper we discuss our finite element procedure for simulating the hot rolling of flat steel products. We couple an Eulerian rigid‐viscoplastic model of the steel plates deformation to a Lagrangian elastic model of the rolls deformation. This latter model incorporates the bending deformation of the work rolls supported by the back‐up rolls and the flattening of the contact areas (Hertz problem) via an enhanced beam model.The finite element model is validated comparing its predictions with actual industrial measurements and then it is used to analyse different rolling set‐ups. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Path‐following analysis of thin‐walled structures and comparison with asymptotic post‐critical solutions
Authors: Garcea G. , Trunfio G. A. , Casciaro R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA path‐following non‐linear elastic analysis for structures composed of assemblages of flat slender elastic panels is presented. The proposed path‐following method employs FEM technology and a kinematical model to analyse these structures using a Koiter asymptotic approach. As a result it is possible to verify the accuracy achieved by the asymptotic method. The proposed mixed path‐following formulation is both efficient and robust with regards to the locking extrapolation phenomenon that strongly affects compatible formulations. The use of an HC finite element makes it possible to avoid the problem of the finite rotations in the space, maintaining a high degree of continuity and making the numeric formulation simple and efficient. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Steelcase learns how teamwork evolves effectively under lean production
Authors: Mann David W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn 1973, the Sears Tower was completed in Chicago. Only one company had the capacity and logistical wherewithal
to furnish it: Steelcase. No other company could have dreamed of such an accomplishment. Today, things have changed.
Competitors have become more capable, industry capacity has burgeoned now to excess, and as one would expect,
competitive pressures on pricing and margins have become intense. Lean production systems are one of a suite of
strategic approaches Steelcase is undertaking to prosper in what has become a highly competitive environment.Teamwork and employee involvement are integral elements of lean systems, so as we implement lean we're also
creating conditions for teamwork that previously were lacking. Since 1989 Steelcase has tried three times to
establish effective work teams in its dozen main North American manufacturing plants. This time, however, the
company expects to succeed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Determinants of physical activity among Taiwanese adolescents: An application of the health promotion model‡
Authors: Wu Tsu‐Yin , Pender Nola 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among interpersonal influences (i.e., social support, norms, modeling), behavior‐specific cognitions (i.e., self‐efficacy, perceived benefits/barriers), competing demands, and physical activity among Taiwanese adolescents (N = 832). The results from structural equation modeling indicated that perceived self‐efficacy was the most important predictor of physical activity. Interpersonal influences, when considered in total, had a weak and nonsignificant direct effect on physical activity but had indirect effects on physical activity thorough perceived benefits and perceived self‐efficacy. When sources of interpersonal influences were considered separately, parental influences did not have direct effects on physical activity. In contrast, peers did have a significant direct effect on physical activity and also indirect influences on physical activity through perceived self‐efficacy. All variables accounted for 30% of the variance in physical activity. Results of this study identify important influences useful to health professionals for promoting physical activity in this population. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Res Nurs Health 25:25–36, 2002.