bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Happiness: A World Map
Authors: Uchida Yukiko , Rappleye Jeremy 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBefore discussing an alternative approach, we first clarify dominate understandings of happiness and well-being. How is happiness currently being imagined? How does this view of happiness shape views of our own society and the wider world? Why has such a view evolved and become dominant? As discussed in the previous chapter, the past decade has witnessed a remarkable shift away from GDP as proxy for happiness and well-being. Existing assumptions are being critically examined, and new conceptualizations put forth. In this chapter, we aim to sketch the broader historical and intellectual contexts leading up to the current surge in interest around these themes. This discussion sets the stage for the next chapter, wherein we look more deeply at key definitions, new forms of measurement, and—most importantly—inherent limitations therein.
Measuring Happiness, Making Policy
Authors: Uchida Yukiko , Rappleye Jeremy 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn the last chapter, we sketched a general evolution in thinking about happiness, from objective GDP to subjective measurements of individuals. We briefly touched upon some of the potential limitations, but did not go deeply into definitions or forms of measurement. In this chapter, we make that deeper move: first clarifying key definitions that recur throughout this volume, then looking at how different forms of measurement feature in contemporary policymaking discussions. The key distinctions are macro/micro and subjective/objective. Within, say, subjective happiness, there are a range of important differences as well, that is, between hedonic and eudemonic perspectives. Understanding these differences is crucial to lay the groundwork for clarity in thinking about cultural difference in happiness and well-being. This prepares the way for the next chapter, wherein we elaborate the Interdependent Approach.
Interdependence: Alternative for the Twenty-First Century?
Authors: Uchida Yukiko , Rappleye Jeremy 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe last two chapters have elaborated the interdependent approach, first conceptualizing it, then relating examples of its cultural manifestations. We now turn to examine the potential significance of the interdependent mode for contemporary problems we—collectively—face at the global level. Instead of viewing the interdependent mode as a mere empirical descriptor of happiness and well-being across East Asia, in this chapter we gesture to its potential import globally. The crux of our argument is that WEIRD globalization has placed a heavy burden on contemporary youth, encouraging forms of subjectivity, development, and well-being that are difficult, if not impossible, to sustain in the contemporary economic and environmental climate. In the search for alternatives that can respond to these challenges—most of all, the sustainability imperative—we present emerging evidence that underscores the potential of the interdependent approach, not just for East Asia but globally. In this way, we advance the discussion from ‘alternatives to us’ to ‘alternatives for us’ (Geertz, 1973), resisting a relativist argument in favor of a pragmatic search for new solutions to shared problems. We also address temporal change in this chapter, resisting an a-historical, cultural essentialist reading of interdependence. Cultural change is constantly unfolding, and our role—at least as we see it—is to attempt to shape that change in a pragmatically useful direction in the face of an uncertain twenty-first century.
The New Production of Expert Knowledge in Education: An Overview
Authors: Grek Sotiria 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOver more than half a century, the dominance of International Organisations (IOs) in the production of global metrics has transformed global governance. However, amidst the avid critics and unapologetic fans of ‘governing by numbers’, it is still surprising that we know so little about the ways in which global processes of quantification are reconfiguring their work in the fast-moving field of global challenges. Metrics have infiltrated not only IOs’ organisational cultures and the environments these organisations inhabit; crucially, they are reshaping the ways IOs co-exist, compete and survive in an increasingly datafied, yet uncertain world. This introductory chapter outlines briefly some of the transformations of IO expert knowledge production over the last 50 years and gives an overview of the book’s main arguments and structure.
Integrating GEO, network pharmacology, and in vitro assays to explore the pharmacological mechanism of Bruceae Fructus against laryngeal cancer
Authors: Wu Zhongbiao , Zhu Zhongyan , Fu Liyuan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe goal of this study is to look into the pharmacological mechanism of Bruceae Fructus in conjunction with GEO, network pharmacology, and in vitro assays for the treatment of laryngeal cancer to provide theoretical support for its therapeutic use. The active components and matching targets of Bruceae Fructus were retrieved from the TCMSP database, while genes linked with laryngeal cancer were obtained from the GEO, GeneCards, DisGeNET, and DrugBank databases. Besides, the components and targets were supplemented by literatures in PubMed database. Cytoscape software was used to create the active ingredients–target network diagram. The String database was used to build the PPI network. Following that, the core targets were subjected to GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis using the DAVID database. Finally, AutoDock was used to perform molecular docking between the core components and the core targets. To investigate the biological effects of beta-sitosterol, the viability of laryngeal cancer cells was assessed after beta-sitosterol therapy using the MTS technique. Following that, how beta-sitosterol affected colony formation after 14 days of culture of treated cells was researched. Flow cytometry was utilized to detect apoptosis to examine the influence of beta-sitosterol on laryngeal cancer cell apoptosis, and then detected mRNA and protein expression levels of 10 key genes by RT-qPCR and Western Blot assay. There were 1258 laryngeal cancer–related genes and 15 Bruceae Fructus components, with beta-sitosterol and luteolin serving as key components. Bruceae Fructus’ primary targets against laryngeal cancer were IL6, JUN, TNF, IL2, IL4, IFNG, RELA, TP53, CDKN1A, and AKT1. GO enrichment yielded 41 CC, 78 MF, and 383 BP. Platinum drug resistance, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, the p53 signaling pathway, apoptosis, the HIF-1 signaling pathway, and 147 additional pathways have been added to KEGG. The results of molecular docking revealed that the core components had a high affinity for the core target. The results of the cell experiment indicate that beta-sitosterol suppressed Hep-2 cell activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Besides, beta-sitosterol has powerful antiproliferative properties in Hep-2 cells. Flow cytometry results showed that beta-sitosterol promoted laryngeal cancer cell apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. The results of RT-qPCR and Western Blot assay showed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of TP53, JUN, TNF-α, CDKN1A, and IL-2 were significantly up-regulated after beta-sitosterol treatment, while the mRNA and protein expression levels of RELA, AKT1, IL-6, IFNG, and IL-4 were significantly down-regulated. This study integrating GEO, network pharmacology, and in vitro assays investigated the probable mechanism of Bruceae Fructus’ anti-laryngeal cancer activity, which can give a theoretical foundation for additional future animal experiments.
Holding Retail Corporations Accountable for Food Waste: A Due Diligence Framework Informed by Business and Human Rights Principles
Authors: Rao Madhura , Bernaz Nadia , de Boer Alie 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRetail corporations orchestrate much of what happens in today’s food supply chains. From setting sky-high cosmetic standards for fresh produce to bundling off close-to-expiry products at discounted prices, retail’s contribution to food waste often extends beyond its in-store numbers. By occupying a powerful position in a globalised food system, these corporations enable chronic overproduction and consequently, the removal of surplus food from supply chains. This, in turn, contributes to the unfair distribution and overexploitation of food resources, further exacerbating the globally pervasive problem of food insecurity. To realise the right to food and the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal of halving global per capita food waste by 2030, we argue that retail corporations must be held accountable for their direct and indirect contribution to food waste. We posit that to make a tangible difference, they must move away from the current voluntary corporate social responsibility approach to food waste reduction and instead invest in robust due diligence mechanisms and transparent reporting systems in line with the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights and the upcoming EU Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive. Based on Pillar II of the Guiding Principles, we propose a five-step approach to accountability for food waste that may lead to serious actions towards the relaxation of cosmetic standards, abolition of unfair trading practices, and improvement in demand forecasting, thereby reducing the volume of food that ends up as waste.
Diversity of movement patterns of Longnose Gar tracked in coastal waters of western Lake Ontario
Authors: Croft-White Melanie V. , Larocque Sarah M. , Reddick David T. , Smith Paul D. , Cooke Steven J. , Midwood Jonathan D. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the spatial ecology of fish is critical for effective conservation and management. Gar (Lepisosteidae spp.) are an ancient lineage of freshwater fishes that have long been thought of as having high site fidelity with limited large-scale movements. We acoustically tagged Longnose Gar (L. osseus) in a large freshwater embayment (Hamilton Harbour) and tracked the movements of 12 individuals within this system and throughout the coastal waters of Lake Ontario for up to 4 years. Three distinct movement patterns were observed: migrants (N = 7), which moved throughout much of western Lake Ontario and had a maximum displacement of 184 km (linear distance); residents (N = 3), which remained in or near the original tagging location (an industrial slip with year-round warmwater outfall); and sporadic migrants (N = 2), which showed both migratory and resident behavioural patterns in different years. Seasonally, gar were most active during the summer and then fall, with more restricted home ranges and movements during winter suggestive of more quiescent behaviour. This study represents the first use of acoustic telemetry to track Longnose Gar movements year-round in a large lake and confirmed that a majority of tracked fishes make large-scale movements in Lake Ontario. Such results reframe the presumption that gar are more resident fishes with restricted space use.
Anthropogenic landscape change and amphibian diversity in tropical montane biodiversity hotspots: insights from satellite remote sensing in the Madagascar highlands
Authors: Monteiro Antonio T. , Rosa Sophia , Andreone Franco , Ndriantsoa Serge , Rakotonanahary Tsanta , Dawson Jeff , Rabemananjara Falitiana C. E. , Rabibisoa Nirhy H. C. , Lucas Richard , Crottini Angelica 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe magnitude of anthropogenic landscape change in tropical montane biodiversity hotspots and its relationship with biodiversity is a global issue that remains ‘locked-in’ in the broad narrative of tropical change in Africa. Over a montane biodiversity hotspot of Madagascar highlands (Ankaratra Massif), we conducted analysis on land cover change with Landsat satellite sensor data to identify the magnitude of change (1995–2016) and on the habitat change–amphibian diversity relationship to understand links with biodiversity. The results evidenced that 17.8% of the biodiversity hotspot experienced change in land cover in only 20 years. That pressured the already threatened forests, particularly since 2005. Of the total forest area in 1995 (2062.7 ha), 21.5% was cleared by 2016 (1618.3 ha). Changes in forest cover followed a bidirectional pattern. While in the period 1995–2005, forests expanded at a rate of 2.0% year−1 (from 2062.7 to 2524.8 ha), the area declined between 2005 and 2016 at a rate of − 4.1% year−1, fourfold the rate reported nationally for Madagascar (− 1.1% year−1). Forest-to-shrubland transitions emerged as being of increasing concern to forest integrity. We identified a significant link between habitat change and amphibian diversity, but only for species richness. Counter to expectations, no significant relationship was found between species richness and deforestation rates, and between microendemism rates and any of the habitat change variables. Species richness responded to the spatiotemporal variability in vegetation dynamics represented by the standard deviation of the Normalized Differenced Vegetation Index (NDVI_std). Species richness was strongly negatively related to NDVI_std in the short-term (R2 = 0.91, p = 0.003) and long-term (R2 = 0.69, p = 0.03), increasing where the spatiotemporal variability in NDVI was lower. The magnitude of changes in this biodiversity hotspot suggests that region-specific assessments are necessary in the context of the tropical change narrative in Africa and should consider conservation policies tailored for local conditions. Reducing deforestation and land conversion rates through a management plan codesigned with local communities is urgent. Habitat change appears to impact on amphibian diversity by altering the functional attributes of the habitat and not just by reducing habitat extent. NDVI_std seems a relevant indirect metric for monitoring such change although other biophysical attributes obtained from satellite sensor data should be integrated and explored.
Faecal sludge pyrolysis as a circular economic approach to waste management and nutrient recovery
Authors: Nicholas Hannah , Winrow Elinor , Devine Aisling , Robertson Iain , Mabbett Ian 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe disposal of faecal sludge from non-networked sanitation amenities leads to contamination of the surrounding environment and increasing public health problems across developing countries. Permanent solutions to deal with faecal sludge are required to solve the sanitation crisis and achieve the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 “ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all” by 2030. Full-scale pyrolysis of faecal sludge in developing countries is fast becoming a safe and long-term option. Pyrolysis not only eliminates pathogens within the sludge but produces biochar as an end product which has the potential as a soil amendment to increase crop yield. In general, faecal sludge biochars have high pH values, high ash contents, and high macro-and micronutrient concentrations. Compared to biochar from lignocellulosic materials, faecal sludge biochar contains less carbon and exhibits lower porosities, and lower surface areas. However, evaluating the properties of faecal sludge biochar is difficult due to the different technologies used in collection, storage, and transportation of the feedstock. Differences in faecal sludge characteristics based on location, climate, age of the sludge, type of sanitation technology and seasonality are also factors in determining the properties of faecal sludge biochars. These factors contribute to the difficulty in describing faecal sludge biochar properties in general terms, and there is an argument to be made that characteristics of large-scale faecal sludge biochar should be determined on a case-by-case basis. The conclusion of this review is that future research should concentrate on short-term and long-term field studies of faecal sludge biochar application to different soil types.
The Gender Wage Gap and Parenthood: Occupational Characteristics Across European Countries
Authors: Adsera Alícia , Querin Federica 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDifferent strands of research analyse gender occupational differences and how they relate to differential earnings, especially among parents juggling family demands. We use rich data from PIAAC across a subset of European countries and match occupational characteristics to individuals’ jobs using the O*NET database to analyse, first, whether there are gender differences in the occupational characteristics of jobs, particularly among parents, and second, whether the return to key occupational characteristics varies by gender. Compared to men, women’s jobs generally require more contact with others, less autonomy in decision-making, and less time pressure. In addition, positions held by mothers involve both less leadership expectations and less intensive use of machines than those held by fathers. Further, mothers receive a lower return to both of these occupational characteristics than fathers do. Finally, even though gaps in occupational characteristics such as leadership jointly with the differential sorting of mothers and fathers across sectors explain part of the gender wage gap in Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition models, especially in Continental Europe, a large share remains unexplained particularly in Eastern and Southern European countries.
Extending rely-guarantee thinking to handle real-time scheduling
Authors: Jones Cliff B. , Burns Alan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe reference point for developing any artefact is its specification; to develop software formally, a formal specification is required. For sequential programs, pre and post conditions (together with abstract objects) suffice; rely and guarantee conditions extend the scope of formal development approaches to tackle concurrency. In addition, real-time systems need ways of both requiring progress and relating that progress to some notion of time. This paper extends rely-guarantee ideas to cope with specifications of—and assumptions about—real-time schedulers. Furthermore it shows how the approach helps identify and specify fault-tolerance aspects of such schedulers by systematically challenging the assumptions.
Mindfulness Processes that Mitigate COVID-Related Stressors in Caregivers in the United States
Authors: Wen Nicole J. , Lo Sharon L. , Miller Alison L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMitigating the effects of COVID-19 on child development involves understanding the impact of the pandemic on caregiver well-being and factors that protect against stress associated with the virus and measures used to reduce disease transmission. Mindfulness has become popularized in the West, with promising evidence that it may reduce caregiver stress. There is limited research examining the specific elements of mindfulness as it relates to caregiving instead of studying mindfulness as a singular construct. We examined whether the number of COVID-related stressors was related to caregivers’ stress, and whether this stress was reduced by their reported level of mindfulness. We examined whether four mindfulness processes: self-compassion, nonreactivity, nonjudging, and acting with awareness – buffered the impact of stressors on caregivers’ stress one month later in a sample of caregivers in the United States (N = 330). When accounting for other mindfulness processes, acting with awareness was the only significant moderator of COVID-related stressors and caregivers’ stress one month later. We discuss implications for recommendations to mitigate the effects of COVID-19 on caregivers’ stress through reducing stress and thus promoting well-being in caregivers.
Impact of graft reperfusion on cardiac function assessed by transesophageal echocardiography during liver transplantation: an observational retrospective study
Authors: González-Suárez Susana , Corbett Matthew , Hernández-Martínez Alberto 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCardiovascular instability is common during the reperfusion phase of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), and some patients experience a postreperfusion syndrome (PRS). However, there are no reports comparing the cardiac dysfunction between patients with PRS and those without. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate cardiac dysfunction in patients exhibiting PRS. This observational retrospective study included 34 patients who underwent OLT and were monitored with transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). The right ventricular/left ventricular (RV/LV) end diastolic area, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) by Simpson method, pulsed Doppler of the mitral valve, and tissue Doppler motion of the mitral annulus were determined. Echocardiographic measurements were registered at the beginning of surgery and at 1 and 30 min after vascular unclamping. Patients with PRS (PRS group) were identified, and their echocardiographic parameters of ventricular function were compared with those in patients without PRS (non-PRS group). To check the evolution of diastolic-systolic dysfunction, general linear model-repeated measures were estimated. No patient presented systolic/diastolic dysfunction on the basal echocardiogram. One minute after vascular unclamping, the incidence of RV dilation was 4.5 times greater in patients with PRS (Cramer´s V > 0.6), and the incidence of RV systolic dysfunction was 62.5% in patients with PRS compared to 15.40% in patients without PRS (Cramer´s V = 0.45). The incidence of LV systolic dysfunction was 25% in patients with PRS compared to 0% in those without (Cramer´s V = 0.45), and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction was 4.8 times greater in patients with PRS (Cramer´s V = 0.45). No patient presented diastolic dysfunction type III. There were significant differences between groups in the evolutionary pattern at 1 and 30 min after unclamping for RV dilation (p = 0.008) and for TAPSE (p = 0.014). Liver graft reperfusion may alter cardiac function. Cardiac dysfunction was more frequent in patients with PRS. These patients exhibited temporary dysfunction of the RV associated with a varying degree of LV diastolic-systolic dysfunction. Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05175534). January 03, 2022; “retrospectively registered”.