bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Final Solution in Norway: Local Collaboration in the Holocaust
Authors: Bruland Bjarte 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This article analyzes how German agencies and Norwegian collaborators together implemented the Final Solution in Norway. After the German invasion in April 1940, Hitler appointed Josef Terboven Reichskommissar of Norway. Initially, the German occupiers discreetly introduced anti-Jewish measures through local Norwegian agencies against the country’s approximately two thousand Jews. Until Fall 1942, no laws or decrees to exclude Jews from the majority population appeared, mainly because Terboven and his Norwegian collaborators feared that such measures could generate sympathy for the Jews. When, however, the resistance movement intensified, becoming more militarized, and a rare logistical opportunity presented itself, the occupiers and Quisling regime seized the opportunity to deport the Jews. Documents suggests that the government entered into this final phase without coordinating with Eichmann’s office in Berlin. Thus, this article argues that the initiative to destroy Norway’s Jews came from within, and was not the result of pressure from the German central authorities.
Dysregulated Immunity to Clostridioides difficile in IBD Patients Without a History of Recognized Infection
Authors: Cook Laura , Wong May Q , Rees William D , Schick Alana , Lisko Daniel J , Lunken Genelle R , Wang Xiaojiao , Peters Hannah , Oliveira Laura , Lau Torey , Mah Regan , Bressler Brian , Levings Megan K , Steiner Theodore S 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background & Aims
Clostridioides difficile is a toxin-secreting bacteria that is an urgent antimicrobial resistance threat, with approximately 25% of patients developing recurrent infections. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients are at increased risk of severe, recurrent C. difficile infection.

Methods
To investigate a role for C. difficile infection in IBD pathogenesis, we collected peripheral blood and stool from 20 each of ulcerative colitis patients, Crohn’s disease patients, and healthy control subjects. We used a flow cytometric activation induced marker assay to quantify C. difficile toxin–specific CD4+ T cells and 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing to study microbiome diversity.

Results
We found IBD patients had significantly increased levels of C. difficile toxin B–specific CD4+ T cells, but not immunoglobulin G or immunoglobulin A, compared with healthy control subjects. Within antigen-specific CD4+ T cells, T helper type 17 cells and cells expressing the gut homing receptor integrin β7 were reduced compared with healthy control subjects, similar to our previous study of non-IBD patients with recurrent C. difficile infection. Stool microbiome analysis revealed that gut homing, toxin-specific CD4+ T cells negatively associated with microbial diversity and, along with T helper type 17 cells, positively associated with bacteria enriched in healthy control subjects.

Conclusions
These data suggest that IBD patients, potentially due to underlying intestinal dysbiosis, experience undiagnosed C. difficile infections that result in impaired toxin-specific immunity. This may contribute to the development of inflammatory T cell responses toward commensal bacteria and provide a rationale for C. difficile testing in IBD patients.
Characterization of pyridylpiperazine-based efflux pump inhibitors for Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Jiménez-Castellanos Juan-Carlos , Pradel Elizabeth , Compagne Nina , Vieira Da Cruz Anais , Flipo Marion , Hartkoorn Ruben C 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objectives
In Acinetobacter baumannii, multidrug efflux pumps belonging to the resistance-nodulation-division (RND) superfamily result in decreased antibiotic susceptibility. Improving the activity of current antibiotics via efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) represents an attractive alternative approach to control this bacterium. Pyridylpiperazines (PyrPips) are a new class of EPIs that can effectively inhibit the Escherichia coli RND efflux pump AcrAB-TolC and boost the activity of several antibiotics. Here we have evaluated and characterized whether the PyrPip chemical family is also able to boost antibiotic activity through inhibition of the RND efflux pumps in A. baumannii.

Methods
Comparative structural modelling and docking, structure-activity relationship studies alongside molecular genetic approaches were deployed to improve, characterize and validate PyrPips’ target.

Results
We showed that two enhanced PyrPip EPIs are capable of rescuing the activity of different classes of antibiotics in A. baumannii. By expressing A. baumannii main efflux pumps (AdeB, AdeG and AdeJ) individually in E. coli recombinant strains, we could gain further insights about the EPIs’ capacity to act upon each pump. Finally, we showed that PyrPip EPIs are mostly acting through AdeJ inhibition via interactions with two key charged residues, namely E959 and E963.

Conclusions
Our work demonstrates that PyrPip EPIs are capable of inhibiting RND efflux pumps of A. baumannii, and thus may present a promising chemical scaffold for further development.
Clinical decision support systems in community pharmacies: a scoping review
Authors: Moon Jukrin , Chladek Jason S , Wilson Paije , Chui Michelle A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Clinical decision support systems (CDSS) were implemented in community pharmacies over 40 years ago. However, unlike CDSS studies in other health settings, few studies have been undertaken to evaluate and improve their use in community pharmacies, where billions of prescriptions are filled every year. The aim of this scoping review is to summarize what research has been done surrounding CDSS in community pharmacies and call for rigorous research in this area.

Materials and methods
Six databases were searched using a combination of controlled vocabulary and keywords relating to community pharmacy and CDSS. After deduplicating the initial search results, 2 independent reviewers conducted title/abstract screening and full-text review. Then, the selected studies were synthesized in terms of investigational/clinical focuses.

Results
The selected 21 studies investigated the perception of and response to CDSS alerts (n = 7), the impact of CDSS alerts (n = 7), and drug–drug interaction (DDI) alerts (n = 8). Three causes of the failures to prevent DDIs of clinical importance have been noted: the perception of and response to a high volume of DDI alerts, a suboptimal performance of CDSS, and a dearth of sociotechnical considerations for managing workload and workflow. Additionally, 7 studies emphasized the importance of utilizing CDSS for a specific clinical focus, ie, antibiotics, diabetes, opioids, and vaccinations.

Conclusion
Despite the range of topics dealt in the last 30 years, this scoping review confirms that research on CDSS in community pharmacies is limited and disjointed, lacking a comprehensive approach to highlight areas for improvement and ways to optimize CDSS utilization.
Development and application of pharmacological statin-associated muscle symptoms phenotyping algorithms using structured and unstructured electronic health records data
Authors: Sun Boguang , Yew Pui Ying , Chi Chih-Lin , Song Meijia , Loth Matt , Zhang Rui , Straka Robert J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Importance
Statins are widely prescribed cholesterol-lowering medications in the United States, but their clinical benefits can be diminished by statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS), leading to discontinuation.

Objectives
In this study, we aimed to develop and validate a pharmacological SAMS clinical phenotyping algorithm using electronic health records (EHRs) data from Minnesota Fairview.

Materials and Methods
We retrieved structured and unstructured EHR data of statin users and manually ascertained a gold standard set of SAMS cases and controls using the published SAMS-Clinical Index tool from clinical notes in 200 patients. We developed machine learning algorithms and rule-based algorithms that incorporated various criteria, including ICD codes, statin allergy, creatine kinase elevation, and keyword mentions in clinical notes. We applied the best-performing algorithm to the statin cohort to identify SAMS.

Results
We identified 16 889 patients who started statins in the Fairview EHR system from 2010 to 2020. The combined rule-based (CRB) algorithm, which utilized both clinical notes and structured data criteria, achieved similar performance compared to machine learning algorithms with a precision of 0.85, recall of 0.71, and F1 score of 0.77 against the gold standard set. Applying the CRB algorithm to the statin cohort, we identified the pharmacological SAMS prevalence to be 1.9% and selective risk factors which included female gender, coronary artery disease, hypothyroidism, and use of immunosuppressants or fibrates.

Discussion and Conclusion
Our study developed and validated a simple pharmacological SAMS phenotyping algorithm that can be used to create SAMS case/control cohort to enable further analysis which can lead to the development of a SAMS risk prediction model.
Campaign contributions, partisan politics, and environmental polarization in the US Congress
Authors: Lueck Dean , Ramos Pastrana Julio A , Torrens Gustavo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Prior literature has shown strong and increasing polarization on environmental voting in the US Congress, with Democrats tending to support pro-environmental (“green”) legislation and Republicans opposing it. Employing a regression discontinuity design, we provide a causal estimate of the effect of partisanship on the importance of campaign contributions from brown industries received by US legislators. Electing a Republican rather than a Democrat for the House (Senate) leads to an increase of 96% (70%) in the importance of contributions from anti-environmental (“brown”) groups. We also find that greater dependence on brown groups is associated with less pro-environmental voting for legislators from both parties and the greater the importance of brown contributions the more (less) likely that a legislator breaks the party line when its party favors (opposes) pro-environmental legislation. Finally, we provide an analytical narrative of the rise and pattern of environmental polarization consistent with our empirical findings. (JEL D72, Q58)
Mother–Infant Dyadic Synchrony and Interaction Patterns After Infant Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Tesson Stephanie , Swinsburg Dianne , Nielson-Jones Claudia , Costa Daniel S J , Winlaw David S , Badawi Nadia , Sholler Gary F , Butow Phyllis N , Kasparian Nadine A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Parents and their infants with complex congenital heart disease (CHD) face relational challenges, including marked distress, early separations, and infant hospitalizations and medical procedures, yet the prevalence of parent-infant interaction difficulties remains unclear. Using a standardized observational paradigm, this study investigated mother-infant dyadic synchrony, interactional patterns, and associated predictors in mother-infant pairs affected by CHD, compared with typically-developing pairs.

Methods
In this prospective, longitudinal cohort study, mothers and their infants requiring cardiac surgery before age 6-months (n=110 pairs) and an age- and sex-matched Australian community sample (n=85 pairs) participated in a filmed, free-play interaction at 6.9±1.0 months. Mother-infant dyadic synchrony, maternal and infant interactional patterns, and relational risk were assessed using the Child-Adult Relationship Experimental (CARE) Index. Maternal and infant predictors were assessed at 32 weeks gestation, 3- and 6-months postpartum.

Results
Most mother-infant interactions were classified as “high risk” or “inept” (cardiac: 94%, control: 81%; p=.007). Dyadic synchrony (p&lt;.001), maternal sensitivity (p=.001), and infant cooperativeness (p=.001) were lower for cardiac than control pairs. Higher maternal traumatic stress at 6-months postpartum predicted lower dyadic synchrony for mother-infant pairs affected by CHD (B=−.04, p=.03). Dyadic synchrony was higher among older infants in the total (B=.40, p=.003) but not cardiac sample (B=.24, p=.06).

Conclusions
Relational difficulties were almost universal among mother-infant pairs affected by CHD and were also high in the Australian community sample. Widespread education initiatives are recommended to increase awareness of heightened mother-infant relational risk in congenital heart care and well-child settings, alongside relationally-focused prevention and early intervention programs.
Bayesian predictive decision synthesis
Authors: Tallman Emily , West Mike 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Decision-guided perspectives on model uncertainty expand traditional statistical thinking about managing, comparing, and combining inferences from sets of models. Bayesian predictive decision synthesis (BPDS) advances conceptual and theoretical foundations, and defines new methodology that explicitly integrates decision-analytic outcomes into the evaluation, comparison, and potential combination of candidate models. BPDS extends recent theoretical and practical advances based on both Bayesian predictive synthesis and empirical goal-focused model uncertainty analysis. This is enabled by the development of a novel subjective Bayesian perspective on model weighting in predictive decision settings. Illustrations come from applied contexts including optimal design for regression prediction and sequential time series forecasting for financial portfolio decisions.
What constraints can one pose on the maximum mass of neutron stars from multimessenger observations?
Authors: Ai Shunke , Gao He , Yuan Yong , Zhang Bing , Lan Lin 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
The maximum mass of neutron stars (MTOV) plays a crucial role in understanding their equation of state (EoS). Previous studies have used the measurements for the compactness of massive pulsars and the tidal deformability of neutron stars in binary neutron star (BNS) mergers to constrain the EoS and thus the MTOV. The discovery of the most massive pulsar, PSR J0952−0607, with a mass $\sim 2.35\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$, has provided a valuable lower limit for MTOV. Another efficient method to constrain MTOV is by examining the type of central remnant formed after a BNS merger. Gravitational wave (GW) data can provide the total mass of the system, while accompanying electromagnetic signals can help infer the remnant type. In this study, we combine all the previous constraints and utilize the observational facts that about 24 per cent of the short gamma-ray bursts are followed by an X-ray internal plateau, which indicate that roughly this fraction of BNS mergers yield supermassive neutron stars, to perform (Markov Chain) Monte Carlo simulations. These simulations allow us to explore the probability density distribution of MTOV and other parameters related to BNS mergers. Our findings suggest that MTOV is likely around $2.49\!-\!2.52\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$, with an uncertainty range of approximately [$-0.16$, $0.15\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$] ([$-0.28$, $0.26\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$]) at 1σ (2σ) confidence level. Furthermore, we examine the type of merger remnants in specific events like GW170817 and GW190425 to further constrain MTOV and other relevant parameters, which can help to understand the physical processes involved in BNS mergers.
Ram-pressure stripped radio tail and two ULXs in the spiral galaxy HCG 97b
Authors: Hu Dan , Zajaček Michal , Werner Norbert , Grossová Romana , Jáchym Pavel , Roberts Ian D , Ignesti Alessandro , Kenney Jeffrey D P , Plšek Tomáš , Breuer Jean-Paul , Shimwell Timothy , Tasse Cyril , Zhu Zhenghao , Wu Linhui 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
We report LOFAR and Very Large Array (VLA) detections of extended radio emission in the spiral galaxy HCG 97b, hosted by an X-ray bright galaxy group. The extended radio emission detected at 144 MHz, 1.4 GHz, and 4.86 GHz is elongated along the optical disc and has a tail that extends 27 kpc in projection towards the centre of the group at GHz frequencies or 60 kpc at 144 MHz. Chandra X-ray data show two off-nuclear ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULXs), with the farther one being a plausible candidate for an accreting intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH). The asymmetry observed in both CO emission morphology and kinematics indicates that HCG 97b is undergoing ram-pressure stripping, with the leading side at the south-eastern edge of the disc. Moreover, the VLA 4.86 GHz image reveals two bright radio blobs near one ULX, aligning with the disc and tail, respectively. The spectral indices in the disc and tail are comparable and flat (α &gt; −1), suggesting the presence of recent outflows potentially linked to ULX feedback. This hypothesis gains support from estimates showing that the bulk velocity of the relativistic electrons needed for transport from the disc to the tail is approximately ${\sim}1300\, \rm km~s^{-1}$. This velocity is much higher than those observed in ram-pressure stripped galaxies ($100{-}600\, \rm km~s^{-1}$), implying an alternative mechanism aiding the stripping process. Therefore, we conclude that HCG 97b is subject to ram pressure, with the formation of its stripped radio tail likely influenced by the putative IMBH activities.
Functional connectivity MRI provides an imaging correlate for chimeric antigen receptor T-cell-associated neurotoxicity
Authors: Stoecklein Sophia , Wunderlich Stephan , Papazov Boris , Winkelmann Michael , Kunz Wolfgang G , Mueller Katharina , Ernst Katharina , Stoecklein Veit M , Blumenberg Viktoria , Karschnia Philipp , Bücklein Veit L , Rejeski Kai , Schmidt Christian , von Bergwelt-Baildon Michael , Tonn Joerg-Christian , Ricke Jens , Liu Hesheng , Remi Jan , Subklewe Marion , von Baumgarten Louisa , Schoeberl Florian 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Treatment of hematological malignancies with chimeric antigen receptor modified T cells (CART) is highly efficient, but often limited by an immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). As conventional MRI is often unremarkable during ICANS, we aimed to examine whether resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI) is suitable to depict and quantify brain network alterations underlying ICANS in the individual patient.

Methods
The dysconnectivity index (DCI) based on rsfMRI was longitudinally assessed in systemic lymphoma patients and 1 melanoma patient during ICANS and before or after clinical resolution of ICANS.

Results
Seven lymphoma patients and 1 melanoma patient (19–77 years; 2 female) were included. DCI was significantly increased during ICANS with normalization after recovery (P = .0039). Higher ICANS grades were significantly correlated with increased DCI scores (r = 0.7807; P = .0222). DCI increase was most prominent in the inferior frontal gyrus and the frontal operculum (ie, Broca’s area) and in the posterior parts of the superior temporal gyrus and the temporoparietal junction (ie, Wernicke’s area) of the language-dominant hemisphere, thus reflecting the major clinical symptoms of nonfluent dysphasia and dyspraxia.

Conclusions
RsfMRI-based DCI might be suitable to directly quantify the severity of ICANS in individual patients undergoing CAR T-transfusion. Besides ICANS, DCI seems a promising diagnostic tool to quantify functional brain network alterations during encephalopathies of different etiologies, in general.
Still no direct evidence of postprandial hyperkalemia with plant foods
Authors: Joshi Shivam , Patel Jason 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Although St-Jules et al have presented the case for postprandial hyperkalemia with food, including plant foods, there (still) is little to no direct evidence supporting the occurrence of postprandial hyperkalemia, mostly due to a lack of studies performed exclusively using food. Food is different than salts or supplements, and it is likely that a banana behaves differently than potassium salts. A growing body of evidence supports the use of plant foods without causing hyperkalemia in patients with kidney disease. Currently, only 1 study has reported on the postprandial effects of hyperkalemia. In this study, there was a substantial reduction in the instances of postprandial hyperkalemia in participants consuming a diet that included more plant foods and more fiber. At the time of this writing, there is no evidence to support risk or safety of certain foods with regard to postprandial hyperkalemia, and additional research is warranted.
Effectiveness of the Modified Vaccinia Ankara Vaccine Against Mpox in Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis, Seattle, Washington
Authors: Ramchandani Meena S , Berzkalns Anna , Cannon Chase A , Dombrowski Julia C , Brown Elizabeth , Chow Eric J , Barash Elizabeth , Pogosjans Sargis , Smith Daniel , Golden Matthew R 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Data on modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vaccine effectiveness against mpox in real-world settings are limited.

Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort analysis using Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate the association between vaccination and laboratory-confirmed mpox incidence. Study subjects included all men who have sex with men seen in a sexual health clinic in Seattle, Washington, between 1 January 2020 and 31 December 2022. Subjects’ receipt of vaccine and diagnosis with mpox were ascertained from public health vaccine registry and surveillance data. Analyses were adjusted for demographic factors, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status, and sexual risk behaviors.

Results
The incidence of mpox per 100 person-years was 8.83 among patients with 0 doses, 3.32 among patients with 1 dose, and 0.78 among patients with 2 doses of MVA vaccine. Mpox diagnosis was significantly associated with age category 30–39 and 40–51 years, HIV positivity, syphilis diagnosis in the prior year, &gt;10 sex partners in the last year, and having a clinic visit in the last year. In the multivariate model adjusting for these factors, vaccine effectiveness was 81% for 1 dose and 83% for 2 doses.

Conclusions
These data support the effectiveness of the MVA vaccine—including a single dose of the vaccine—in preventing mpox disease and highlight the appropriateness of risk factor-based prioritization of immunization early in the epidemic. The durability of MVA vaccine-induced immunity is unknown, and at-risk persons should receive 2 doses of MVA.