bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IPEx: A gamification tool for learner application of pharmacologic principles of opioid use, misuse, and addiction
Authors: Karpa Kelly , Ward Josie , Stegman Melanie , Berg Arthur , Leong Shou Ling 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOpioids are often prescribed to treat chronic pain ailments, despite lack of evidence for many conditions. Prescriptions frequently become the gateway to opioid misuse and abuse. In response to the opioid crisis, medical school educators in the state of Pennsylvania developed core competencies pertaining to opioids and addiction for which all medical students should demonstrate proficiency before graduation. To enable students to achieve these competencies, we developed a web‐based app (IPEx) that delivers a gamified experience for learners in which they are (re)exposed to opioid competencies and practice applying pharmacologic principles in the context of a series of longitudinal patient scenarios. Learning and application are measured by student responses to application questions before and after each of five modules. Prior to launching the IPEx tool broadly, we wished to test the application questions; thus, we invited fourth year medical students to complete a 45 question quiz based on IPEx module content. Students had no specific preparation prior to taking the quiz but had been exposed to all content elsewhere in the curriculum. A total of 45 of 141 medical students (32%) opted to complete the quiz (mean score was 47% ± 13%; range 18%–73%). Cronbach alpha for the instrument was .74. These results suggest that the instrument has internal validity, and medical students have room for growth when it comes to application of opioid related competencies, a situation that the IPEx tool may be uniquely suited to remedy.
A Mechanism Underpinning the Bioenergetic Metabolism‐Regulating Function of Gold Nanocatalysts
Authors: Wang Zixin , Henriques Alexandre , Rouvière Laura , Callizot Noëlle , Tan Lin , Hotchkin Michael T. , Rossignol Rodrigue , Mortenson Mark G. , Dorfman Adam R. , Ho Karen S. , Wang Hui 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBioenergetic deficits are known to be significant contributors to neurodegenerative diseases. Nevertheless, identifying safe and effective means to address intracellular bioenergetic deficits remains a significant challenge. This work provides mechanistic insights into the energy metabolism‐regulating function of colloidal Au nanocrystals, referred to as CNM‐Au8, that are synthesized electrochemically in the absence of surface‐capping organic ligands. When neurons are subjected to excitotoxic stressors or toxic peptides, treatment of neurons with CNM‐Au8 results in dose‐dependent neuronal survival and neurite network preservation across multiple neuronal subtypes. CNM‐Au8 efficiently catalyzes the conversion of an energetic cofactor, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydride (NADH), into its oxidized counterpart (NAD+), which promotes bioenergy production by regulating the intracellular level of adenosine triphosphate. Detailed kinetic measurements reveal that CNM‐Au8‐catalyzed NADH oxidation obeys Michaelis–Menten kinetics and exhibits pH‐dependent kinetic profiles. Photoexcited charge carriers and photothermal effect, which result from optical excitations and decay of the plasmonic electron oscillations or the interband electronic transitions in CNM‐Au8, are further harnessed as unique leverages to modulate reaction kinetics. As exemplified by this work, Au nanocrystals with deliberately tailored structures and surfactant‐free clean surfaces hold great promise for developing next‐generation therapeutic agents for neurodegenerative diseases.
Self‐Catalyzed Hydrogenated Carbon Nano‐Onions Facilitates Mild Synthesis of Transparent Nano‐Polycrystalline Diamond
Authors: Ma Shuailing , Zhao Yongsheng , Li Hailong , Farla Robert , Zhang Zihan , Zhou Chao , Zhao Xingbin , Huang Yanping , Liu Yanhui , Bao Kuo , Yang Bin , Yang Xigui , Zhu Pinwen , Tao Qiang , Cui Tian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTransparent nano‐polycrystalline diamond (t‐NPD) possesses superior mechanical properties compared to single and traditional polycrystalline diamonds. However, the harsh synthetic conditions significantly limit its synthesis and applications. In this study, a synthesis routine is presented for t‐NPD under low pressure and low temperature conditions, 10 GPa, 1600 °C and 15 GPa, 1350 °C similar with the synthesis condition of organic precursor. Self‐catalyzed hydrogenated carbon nano‐onions (HCNOs) from the combustion of naphthalene enable synthesis under nearly industrial conditions, which are like organic precursor and much lower than that of graphite and other carbon allotropes. This is made possible thanks to the significant impact of hydrogen on the thermodynamics, as it chemically facilitates phase transition. Ubiquitous nanotwinned structures are observed throughout t‐NPD due to the high concentration of puckered layers and stacking faults of HCNOs, which impart a Vickers hardness about 140 GPa. This high hardness and optical transparency can be attributed to the nanocrystalline grain size, thin intergranular films, absence of secondary phase and pore‐free features. The facile and industrial‐scale synthesis of the HCNOs precursor, and mild synthesis conditions make t‐NPD suitable for a wide range of potential applications.
The Coexistence of Superconductivity and Topological Order in Van der Waals InNbS2
Authors: Zheng Bo , Feng Xukun , Liu Bo , Liu Zhanfeng , Wang Shasha , Zhang Ying , Ma Xiang , Luo Yang , Wang Changlong , Li Ruimin , Zhang Zeying , Cui Shengtao , Lu Yalin , Sun Zhe , He Junfeng , Yang Shengyuan A. , Xiang Bin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe research on systems with coexistence of superconductivity and nontrivial band topology has attracted widespread attention. However, the limited availability of material platforms severely hinders the research progress. Here, it reports the first experimental synthesis and measurement of high‐quality single crystal van der Waals transition‐metal dichalcogenide InNbS2, revealing it as a topological nodal line semimetal with coexisting superconductivity. The temperature‐dependent measurements of magnetization susceptibility and electrical transport show that InNbS2 is a type‐II superconductor with a transition temperature Tc of 6 K. First‐principles calculations predict multiple topological nodal ring states close to the Fermi level in the presence of spin–orbit coupling. Similar features are also observed in the as‐synthesized BiNbS2 and PbNbS2 samples. This work provides new material platforms ANbS2 (A = In, Bi, and Pb) and uncovers their intriguing potential for exploring the interplay between superconductivity and band topology.
Electrocatalytic Coenhancement of Bimetallic Polyphthalocyanine‐Anchored Ru Nanoclusters Enabling Efficient Overall Water Splitting at Ampere‐Level Current Densities
Authors: Chen Hao , Ding Rong , Liu Bo‐Wen , Zeng Fu‐Rong , Zhao Hai‐Bo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEfficient electrocatalysts capable of operating continuously at industrial ampere‐level current densities are crucial for large‐scale applications of electrocatalytic water decomposition for hydrogen production. However, long‐term industrial overall water splitting using a single electrocatalyst remains a major challenge. Here, bimetallic polyphthalocyanine (FeCoPPc)‐anchored Ru nanoclusters, an innovative electrocatalyst comprising the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) active Ru and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) active FeCoPPc, engineered for efficient overall water splitting are demonstrated. By density functional theory calculations and systematic experiments, the electrocatalytic coenhancement effect resulting from unique charge redistribution, which synergistically boosts the HER activity of Ru and the OER activity of FeCoPPc by optimizing the adsorption energy of intermediates, is unveiled. As a result, even at a large current density of 2.0 A cm−2, the catalyst exhibits low overpotentials of 220 and 308 mV, respectively, for HER and OER. It exhibits excellent stability, requiring only 1.88 V of cell voltage to achieve a current density of 2.0 A cm−2 in a 6.0 m KOH electrolyte at 70 °C, with a remarkable operational stability of over 100 h. This work provides a new electrocatalytic coenhancement strategy for the design and synthesis of electrocatalyst, paving the way for industrial‐scale overall water splitting applications.
RADF: Architecture decomposition for function as a service
Authors: Zhu Lulai , Tamburri Damian Andrew , Casale Giuliano 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAs the most successful realization of serverless, function as a service (FaaS) brings in a novel cloud computing paradigm that can save operating costs, reduce management effort, enable seamless scalability, and augment development productivity. Migration of an existing application to the serverless architecture is, however, an intricate task as a great number of decisions need to be made along the way. We propose in this paper RADF, a semi‐automatic approach that decomposes a monolith into serverless functions by analyzing the business logic inherent in the interface of the application. The proposed approach adopts a two‐stage refactoring strategy, where a coarse‐grained decomposition is performed at first, followed by a fine‐grained one. As such, the decomposition process is simplified into smaller steps and adaptable to generate a solution at either microservice or function level. We have implemented RADF in a holistic DevOps methodology and evaluated its capability for microservice identification and feasibility for code refactoring. In the evaluation experiments, RADF achieves lower coupling and relatively balanced cohesion, compared to previous decomposition approaches.
Extracellular polymeric substances and microbial community shift during the start‐up of a single‐stage partial nitritation/anammox process
Authors: Men Yan , Liu Lingjie , Wang Shaopo , Bi Yanmeng , Meng Fansheng , Qiu Chunsheng , Wang Dong , Yu Jingjie , Yang Yifeng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was operated to investigate variations of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and microbial community during the start‐up of the single‐stage partial nitritation/anammox (SPN/A) process at intermittent aeration mode. The SPN/A system was successfully started on day 34, and the nitrogen removal efficiency and total nitrogen loading rate were 82.29% and 0.31 kg N/(m3·day), respectively. Furthermore, the relationship between the protein secondary structures and microbial aggregation was strongly related. The α‐helix/ (β‐sheet + random coil) ratios increased obviously from 0.20 ± 0.03 to 0.23 ± 0.01, with the sludge aggregation mean size increased from 56 to 107 μm during the start‐up of SPN/A. During the start‐up of SPN/A, Candidatus Kuenenia was the primary anammox bacteria, whereas Nitrospira was the main functional bacteria of nitrite‐oxidizing bacteria. Correlation between the microbial community and EPS components was performed. The EPS and microbial community played important roles in keeping stable nitrogen removal and the formation of sludge granules.Practitioner Points
Intermittent aeration strategy promoted SPN/A system start‐up.
EPS composition and protein secondary structure were related with the sludge disintegration and aggregation.
Microbial community shift existed and promoted the stability of sludge and reactor performance during SPN/A start‐up.
Taming a leading theoretical uncertainty in HH measurements via accurate simulations for $$ \textrm{b}\overline{\textrm{b}}\textrm{H} $$ production
Authors: Manzoni Stefano , Mazzeo Elena , Mazzitelli Javier , Wiesemann Marius , Zaro Marco 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We present a new simulation for Higgs boson production in association with bottom quarks ($$ b\overline{b}H $$
b

b
¯

H
) at next-to-leading order (NLO) accuracy matched to parton showers in hadronic collisions. Both contributions, the standard one proportional to the bottom-quark Yukawa coupling and the loop-induced one proportional to the top-quark Yukawa coupling from the gluon-fusion process, are taken into account in a scheme with massive bottom quarks. Therefore, we provide the full simulation of the $$ b\overline{b}H $$
b

b
¯

H
final state in the Standard Model, which constitutes also a crucial background to measurements for Higgs-boson pair (HH) production at the Large Hadron Collider when at least one of the Higgs bosons decays to bottom quarks. So far, the modeling of the $$ b\overline{b}H $$
b

b
¯

H
final state induced one of the dominant theoretical uncertainties to HH measurements, as the gluon-fusion component was described only at the leading order (LO) with uncertainties of $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(100%). Including NLO corrections in its simulation allows us to reduce the scale dependence to $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(50%) so that it becomes subdominant with respect to other systematic uncertainties. As a case study, we provide an in-depth analysis of the $$ b\overline{b}H $$
b

b
¯

H
background to HH measurements with realistic selection cuts in the 2b2γ channel. We also compare our novel simulation with the currently-employed ones, discussing possible issues and shortcomings of a scheme with massless bottom quarks. Finally, we propagate the effect of the new $$ b\overline{b}H $$
b

b
¯

H
simulation to HH searches in the 2b2γ and 2b2τ final states, and we find an improvement of up to 10% (20%) on the current (HL-LHC) limits on $$ {\sigma}_{\textrm{SM}}^{HH} $$

σ
SM
HH

.
Renormalisation group effects on SMEFT interpretations of LHC data
Authors: Aoude Rafael , Maltoni Fabio , Mattelaer Olivier , Severi Claudio , Vryonidou Eleni 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We explore the impact of Renormalisation Group (RG) effects in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) interpretations of LHC measurements. We implement the RG running and mixing for the Wilson coefficients as obtained from the one-loop anomalous dimension matrix in the SMEFT into a Monte Carlo generator. This allows to consistently predict and combine in global fits collider observables characterised by different scales. As a showcase, we examine the impact of RG running in the strong coupling on the SMEFT predictions for $$ t\overline{t} $$
t

t
¯

production cross sections and differential distributions as well as on the bounds on the Wilson coefficients that can be obtained from current LHC data.
The effect of addition of 2DCT scans and 3DCT scans for the classification of tibial plateau fractures: a systematic review
Authors: Huitema Jellina Mariska , van der Gaast Nynke , Jaarsma Ruurd Lukas , Doornberg Job Nicolaas , Edwards Michael John Richard , Hermans Erik 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
In this systematic review, we evaluate the effect of radiographs and 2D and 3D imaging techniques on the interobserver agreement of six commonly used classification systems for tibial plateau fractures.

Methods
In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, PubMed, Cochrane, Embase and Web of Science were searched for studies regarding the effect of 2D and 3D imaging techniques on the interobserver agreement of tibial plateau classification systems. Studies validating new classification systems, not providing own data or only providing information on the interobserver agreement for radiographs were excluded. Studies were scored based on the ROBINS-I risk of bias tool.

Results
Our review analysed 14 studies on different classification systems used for tibial plateau fractures in clinical practice, with the Schatzker classification being the most commonly used classification system. The results showed that the addition of 2D CT led to a significant improvement of interobserver agreement for one study. However, other included studies showed varying levels of interobserver agreement, ranging from fair to substantial according to the interpretation by Landis and Koch. The addition of 3D CT resulted in a significant deterioration in one study for the Schatzker classification. Similar to the addition of 2D CT, the interobserver agreement for the Schatzker classification with the addition of 3D CT were heterogeneous ranging from fair to almost perfect according to the interpretation by Landis and Koch.

Conclusions
The use of 2D CT can be recommended for classifying tibial plateau fractures with the Schatzker classification, AO/OTA classification and Hohl classification. The value of 3D CT on the interobserver agreement of commonly used classification systems remains uncertain and unproven. Therefore, we do not recommend the use of 3D CT for the classification of tibial plateau fractures. Overall, the advancement of imaging techniques is not in line with the advancement in interobserver agreement on fracture classification.
A review of aerial survey density estimates of bearded seals (Erignathus barbatus) in the Canadian Arctic highlights important knowledge gaps and research needs
Authors: Fuirst Matthew , Ferguson Steven H. , Higdon Jeff W. , Young Brent G. , Lea Ellen V. , Koski William R. , Yurkowski David J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThere has been significant sea ice loss in the Arctic as a result of climate change, with measurable impacts on available habitat for ice-obligate marine mammals. Bearded seals (Erignathus barbatus) have a circumpolar distribution and primarily inhabit coastal areas of shallower depths with seasonal pack ice cover. However, there is limited information and no formal estimates on population abundance and densities of bearded seals within Canada. Here, we review historic field reports and publications from aerial surveys conducted from 1974 to 2022 to compile the density and abundance estimates of bearded seals across Canadian waters. Aerial surveys for marine mammals have been flown in several areas across the Canadian Arctic, including the Beaufort Sea (1974–2006), Canadian High Arctic (1979–2022), Baffin Bay-Davis Strait (1979–2014), and the Hudson Complex (1994–2017). After reviewing all published data sources, we report that the density of bearded seals in Canada were highest (and highly variable) in the Beaufort Sea (0.01–8.68 seals*km−2), then in Baffin Bay-Davis Strait (0.004–8.3 seals*km−2), and lowest and less variable inter-annually in the Hudson Complex (0.02 to 0.12 seals*km−2) at the time of these surveys. We also determined that bearded seals are more often found in areas of patchy ice cover (50–75%) with shallow water depths ≤ 500 m. Further, this review identifies regions within the Canadian Arctic and sub-Arctic that require updated aerial survey information. Quantifying the abundance and density estimates of bearded seals in Canada is essential for monitoring population status over time to better understand how this species is responding to environmental variation from anthropogenic activity and climate change.
Multi-luminance mobility testing after gene therapy in the context of retinal functional diagnostics
Authors: Jung Ronja , Kempf Melanie , Holocher Saskia , Kortüm Friederike C. , Stingl Krunoslav , Stingl Katarina 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Voretigene neparvovec (Luxturna®) is the first approved gene therapy for RPE65-linked Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA). Though individual effects are highly variable, most recipients report improved vision in everyday life. To describe such effects, visual navigation tests are now frequently used in clinical trials. However, it is still unclear how their results should be interpreted compared to conventional parameters of visual function.

Methods
Seven LCA patients underwent a multi-luminance visual navigation test (Ora-VNCTM) before and 3 months after receiving Luxturna gene therapy. Their performance was rated based on the luminance level at which they passed the course. Differences between the first and second test were correlated to changes in visual acuity, full-field stimulus thresholds, chromatic pupil campimetry, and dark-adapted perimetry.

Results
A few patients displayed notable improvements in conventional measures of visual function whereas patients with advanced retinal degeneration showed no relevant changes. Independent of these results, almost all participants improved in the visual navigation task by one or more levels. The improvement in the mobility test was best correlated to the change in full-field stimulus thresholds. Other measures of visual functions showed no clear correlation with visual navigation.

Discussion
In patients who passed the test’s more difficult levels, improved visual navigation can be attributed to the reactivation of rods. However, the performance of patients with low vision seemed to depend much more on confounding factors in the easier levels. In sum, such tests might only be meaningful for patients with better preserved visual functions.
How flexible is cognitive control? (Mouse) tracking conflict adaptation across context similarities
Authors: Potamianou Hera , Bryce Donna 
Published: September 2023

AbstractExerting cognitive control to remain on-task and reach our goals is a crucial skill, as is the ability to flexibly adapt our responding in rapidly changing environments. The dynamics of cognitive control are typically studied by examining how participants process stimuli that contain competing relevant and irrelevant information in so-called conflict tasks. Adjustments in performance following the experience of conflict, also termed conflict adaptation, suggests a certain degree of flexibility in the deployment of cognitive control. The present study investigated to what extent conflict adaptation effects transfer across trials of the same and different tasks in three online mouse-tracking experiments. Adaptations of the Simon and Stroop tasks were combined to create different levels of context similarity between the paired tasks. Based on a previous review (Braem et al., Frontiers in Psychology 5:1–13, 2014), across-task conflict adaptation was expected only in the most and least similar contexts. In contrast to our hypothesis, conflict adaptation effects were observed in at least one measure in all three experiments. To our surprise, task order also seemed to impact the size of across-task conflict adaptation effects. The heterogeneity in the current results highlight the importance of using sensitive measurement tools to evaluate conflict adaptation and suggest that the occurrence of across-task conflict adaptation may be conditional on more than just shared relevant and irrelevant dimensions.
An accurate and unified study on non-symmetric tensile and compressive responses of elastoplastic bars and beams until failure
Authors: Liu Quan-Pu , Wang Hui-Yu , Wang Si-Yu , Xiao Heng , Bruhns Otto T. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA new and unified approach is proposed toward accurately analyzing overall elastoplastic responses of axially loaded bars and finite bending beams until failure. Results are presented for various constituent materials such as metals, reinforced concretes and reinforced composites, etc. Novelties in three respects are incorporated: (a) new uniaxial stress–strain functions are first presented in explicit forms for the purpose of accurately characterizing non-symmetric tensile and compressive behaviors of axially loaded bars from hardening to softening; (b) explicit solutions to both the varying neutral axis and the flexural moment of finite bending beams are then obtained directly in terms of these two uniaxial functions; and, hence, (c) the complex bending problem of various beams until failure is in a unified manner reduced to a simple issue of fitting two uniaxial functions to tension and compression data from uniaxial testing, thus bypassing the analytical and numerical complexity of various existing approaches. Numerical examples of model predictions are provided for typical constituent materials, including aluminium, meso-scopic heterogeneous concrete and ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete with reinforcing rebars. Good agreement is achieved simultaneously with all experimental data for bars and beams made of these materials.