bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of copper acetate on hepatocyte metabolism in vitro
Authors: Trukhan I. S. , Dremina N. N. , Shurygina I. A. 
Published: January 2025

Background. Copper ions are necessary for maintaining basic physiological processes in the mammalian organism. However, their excessive absorption or accumulation in cells can lead to the development or exacerbation of various pathological processes. The cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of high concentrations of copper compounds are currently well studied in various cell cultures, whereas the effect of non-toxic amounts of copper ions on physiological processes in cells, including during their cultivation, has been extremely poorly studied.The aim of the study. To investigate the effect of copper ions on changes in the intracellular amount of mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase and glutathione synthetase.Materials and methods. A primary culture of hepatocytes was obtained, which was exposed to copper acetate at a concentration of 200 µg/ml in terms of copper content for 24 hours. After fixation, the samples were stained immunocytochemically using antibodies to cytochrome C oxidase (CcO) subunit I and glutathione synthetase (GS).Results. In hepatocyte culture, a significant increase in the intensity of fluorescent staining of the two analyzed enzymes was demonstrated both after 6 hours and after 24 hours of exposure to copper ions, which indicates a change in their number in cells. At the same time, the increase in the amount of CcO was more intense in the first 6 hours of incubation with a microelement, whereas in the next 18 hours, changes in the intracellular content of CcO were less pronounced. The increase in the intensity of the GS fluorescent stain was more active and was observed throughout the entire cultivation period.Conclusion. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that copper ions in non-toxic concentrations are able to influence key indicators of cell viability in culture by changing the amount of one of the main energy metabolism enzymes and the enzyme that provides synthesis of the most important low-molecular antioxidant glutathione.
Ixodes ticks as carriers of human and animal babesiosis agents in the Baikal region
Authors: Suntsova O. V. , Rar V. A. , Meltsov I. V. , Lisak O. V. , Doroshchenko E. K. , Kozlova I. V. 
Published: January 2025

Background. Piroplasmosis (babesiosis and theileriosis) is a group of natural focal infectious diseases of humans and animals caused by intraerythrocytic parasites transmitted predominantly by ixodid ticks. In the Baikal region, despite the widespread foci of babesiosis and theileriosis, the data about these pathogen vectors is fragmentary.The aim. To identify human and animal babesiosis vectors, study various Babesia spp. tropism to ixodid ticks common in the Baikal region.Materials and methods. A total of 3,239 specimens of I. persulcatus, 1,795 specimens of D. nuttalli and 729 specimens of H. сoncinna ticks collected in natural habitats of the Baikal region from 19 districts of the Irkutsk region and six districts of the Republic of Buryatia, as well as 5 specimens of D. nuttalli ticks removed from horses were examined for the presence of Babesia spp./Theileria spp. DNA. For detection and typing of Babesia and Theileria, a nested PCR with genus- and species-specific primers corresponding to 18S rRNA gene region was used. Selective sequencing of samples was performed to study the genetic diversity of the identified pathogens.Results. Babesia spp. DNA was detected in three species of ixodid ticks in Irkutsk region and in one species in the Republic of Buryatia. In I. persulcatus ticks B. microti US-type, B. venatorum, B. crassa-like and a unique Babesia sp. Irk-Ip655 were found. DNAs of B. crassa-like, B. motasi-like and Babesia spp. were detected in H. concinna ticks. DNAs of Babesia spp. And T. equi were found in D. nuttalli ticks.Conclusion. Vectors of both human and animal babesiosis pathogens were detected in the Baikal region. Tropism of B. microti US-type and B. venatorum in relation to I. persulcatus ticks was established. The establishment of specific relations between other species of Babesia and Theileria and vector ticks in the Baikal region will be continued.
Epigenetic modulation in medicine: Regulation of gene expression in the context of pathogenesis and therapy
Authors: Omarov M. A. , Mulyukov A. R. , Khalitov R. V. , Safarov S. I. , Ayupova G. U. , Demianenko O. N. , Butenko V. V. , Safronova A. A. , Zainetdinova R. R. , Ianturina O. Yu. , Miroshnikov A. A. 
Published: January 2025

Epigenetics plays a critical role relative to other branches of genetics, as it makes it possible to regulate gene expression without changing the nucleotide sequence of DNA molecules. This process allows cells to respond to external signals and adapt to changes in the environment while keeping their genetic information intact. The main mechanisms of epigenetic regulation include DNA methylation, posttranslational modifications of histones, chromatin remodeling and regulation through non-coding RNAs. These processes play a key role in fundamental biological processes such as cellular differentiation, organismal development, and adaptation to environmental conditions.Disturbances in epigenetic mechanisms can lead to various pathologies, including cancer, neurological and autoimmune diseases. Understanding the mechanisms of epigenetic regulation opens new avenues for the development of targeted therapies that can correct abnormal epigenetic profiles without changing the DNA structure itself.In recent years, the development and application of innovative technologies, such as the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system, have significantly expanded the ability to study epigenetic mechanisms and their relationship with diseases. These technologies allow not only a deeper understanding of epigenetic changes, but also the development of new therapeutic approaches, especially in the field of oncology. Research in epigenetics is also focusing on the interaction between epigenetic changes and the immune system, which opens new perspectives for the development of immunotherapies. The search for new markers of epigenetic disorders and therapeutic agents may lead to the development of individualized treatments that take into account the unique epigenetic profile of each patient.The role of epigenetic modifications in the development of diseases and the creation of new therapeutic strategies cannot be overestimated. Recent research in this area is revealing the potential of epigenetic approaches to treat a wide range of diseases, ushering in a new era in medicine where understanding and correcting epigenetic changes will be the key to effective treatment.
High seroprevalence to SARS-CoV-2 among healthcare and non-healthcare workers of the ophthalmology center
Authors: Palyanova N. V. , Chechenin M. G. , Trunov A. N. , Sobolev I. A. , Shestopalov A. M. 
Published: January 2025

Background. The pandemic of COVID-19 raised safety concerns for healthcare workers while non-medical personnel were left unattended. Comparing the levels of seroprevalence to SARS-CoV-2 and vaccination in different employee groups will allows us to assess the risk of infection and develop a strategy to minimize the spread of infections in medical institutions in future.The aim. To identify the level of seroprevalence to SARS-CoV-2 for seven groups of medical center workers. Methods. The seroprevalence to SARS-CoV-2 was analyzed in 361 employees of the ophthalmology center in mid-2021. Data on the level of specific IgM and IgG antibodies were compared with questionnaire, including occupation data.Results. Depending on occupation, workers were divided into seven groups. The average seroprevalence rate for all employees was 82.3 %, and the percentage of vaccinated employees was 27.4 %. The lowest level of seroprevalence was found in the group of maintenance staff (55.0 %) which is significantly lower (p ˂ 0.05) than in the groups of doctors (84.4 %), nurses (85.6 %), administrative stuff (82.6 %) and cafeteria stuff (77.7 %). The seroprevalence rate for cleaning staff was 84.6 % and for pharmacy workers it was 80 %. The highest vaccination coverage was among doctors – 50.0 %, the lowest was among cafeteria and kitchen staff – 7.4 %.Discussion. We believe the high seroprevalence is associated with asymptomatic spread of SARS-CoV-2.Conclusions. High seroprevalence was among doctors and nurses, pharmacy workers, canteen workers, cleaners, as well as administration workers. Anti-epidemic measures for these groups will reduce the spread of infectious diseases and help retain staff during the seasonal increase in incidence.
Consideration of the Legislation, Codes, Standards and Regulations Required to Oversee Future Space Reactor Development
Authors: Leonard Dan 
Published: January 2025

One of the challenges of space travel, and especially extended space travel, is the provision of on-board power. Efforts to address the issue has led to recent interest in the development of Nuclear Power Sources for use in space. This paper discusses the specific challenges of licencing and regulating nuclear power for space, and considers the implications of licensing for a UK entity looking to enter into the nuclear-space industry.
The current international treaties and supporting guidance are reviewed and considered for both nuclear and space industries. Extant national nuclear and space industry legislation is also reviewed. This allows conclusions to be drawn and recommendations to be made to account for any shortfalls identified. Further to this, specific foreign national legislation is also briefly considered in the context of a UK entity procuring a foreign launch.
International legislation is adequate to cover the nuclear-space industry, however, there are a number of shortfalls at a national level which need to be addressed to allow the industry to become viable. These relate to the regulatory relationship between the UK Space Agency and the Office for Nuclear Regulation, as well as a lack of specific nuclear-space Safety Assessment Principles. Due to the nature of international space law, and strict liability on the State, multiple licences may be required. Therefore, the identified shortfalls are generally applicable to a UK entity regardless of the launch location.
Based on the findings, the paper makes enabling and implementation recommendations for the regulatory framework and an operator respectively. The enabling recommendations require government bodies to provide detailed technical guidance and agency agreements; whereas the enabling recommendations aim to make ventures commercially viable, recommending operators define the scope of supply, logistical arrangements and relevant good practice as early as possible.
Management of intercostal artery pseudoaneurysm following posterior pedicle screw insertion: illustrative case
Authors: Ghorbani Mohammad , Imanikhosroshahi Mohammadtaghi , Mollahoseini Reza , Khaledian Homayoon 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND
Pedicle screw insertion in posterior spinal surgery can cause vascular injuries, including rare intercostal artery pseudoaneurysms, which are typically discovered incidentally during reimaging. Onyx embolization is an effective treatment for small artery pseudoaneurysms.

OBSERVATIONS
A 36-year-old man who had initially presented with back pain that remained unresponsive to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs was diagnosed with a T7–8 sarcomatous lesion confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging and biopsy. He underwent a posterior resection and T5–10 stabilization with pedicle screws. After surgery, significant hemorrhage led to his transfer for digital subtraction angiography, which revealed a prominent vascular tumor blush and a pseudoaneurysm of the right T5 intercostal artery due to screw placement. The tumor and pseudoaneurysm were effectively embolized using superselective catheterization and Onyx.

LESSONS
This report highlights the dangers of intercostal artery damage from posterior spinal screws, emphasizing the need for meticulous postoperative imaging. Onyx embolization is an effective treatment for such complications.
https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE24291
The Use of Social Media in Promoting Outbound Tour Packages at PT. Dwidaya World Wide Makassar
Authors: Lestari Venice Dewi , Darmayasa Darmayasa , Junaid Ilham 
Published: January 2025

This study aims to: 1). Determine the implementation of social media in promoting outbound tour packages at PT. Dwidaya World Wide Makassar, 2). Knowing the advantages and disadvantages of PT. Dwidaya World Wide Makassar in promoting outbound tour packages. In this study, the data collection technique uses direct communication by asking questions to the resource persons to get information or data. Then a written question related to this research was prepared. Data was collected using qualitative methods: interviews, documentation, and data analysis. The results of the study show that, PT. Dwidaya World Wide implements Facebook and Instagram social media to promote outbound products and tour packages by utilizing social media features. In increasing the promotion of outbound tour packages through social media @dwidaya_tour utilizes Facebook and Instagram features such as photo posts, videos, followers features, hashtags, captions, likes, comments and shares. This feature plays an important role in carrying out promotional activities and building interaction with followers so that it can form more effective promotions. In promoting outbound tour packages, of course, there are advantages and disadvantages on PT. Dwidaya World Wide. The advantages are a large selection of tour packages, a verified Instagram account, a large number of followers and consistency in uploading posts. The disadvantages are that the use of features has not been maximized, the interaction between followers and admins has not been maximized, there are no testimonials and guest documentation. There are several weaknesses of PT. Dwidaya World Wide is no guest travel documentation or testimonials, neither photos nor videos, more featuring templates.
How did the Beatles impact cultural movement on different generations?
Authors: Coman Claudiu , Meseșan-Schmitz Luiza , Dobrescu Ada , Bătrânu-Pințea Vlad 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionThis study aims to identify the characteristics of the new generations of Beatles fans who are engaged in online fandoms and to explore how the Beatles continue to have an impact despite the band does no longer exist. To address these objectives, the study answers to the following research questions: Does the perception of the Beatles’ impact at a personal level differ between generations of fans? If so, in what ways does the Beatles’ influence manifest in the younger generation of fans and how does the new generation of Beatles fans define themselves?MethodsIn order to conduct the study, a mixed method design was used, specifically the preliminary quantitative input variant. In the first stage we collected data to identify whether there are differences in perceptions among generations about the impact of the Beatles through an online questionnaire, with closed and open-ended questions. The population was selected non-probabilistic and comprised 788 persons who listen to the Beatles and are members of Beatles fan communities on Facebook. In the second stage, we administered an online questionnaire with open-ended questions and analogy exercises to 23 persons from the same communities, to obtain more in-depth information about the new generation of Beatles fans (aged 18–35).ResultsQuantitative data illustrate that the new generation of fans is less influenced by the Beatles. When this happens, there are two areas where this influence is more substantial: personal development and social interactions. The main elements through the identification take place with the band are lyrics from the late period of the Beatles, with a more profound message and a philosophy of life. Through analogy exercises, qualitative data reflects elements of the social identity of Beatles’ fans. Symbols like animals, plants, and instruments indicate who they are in terms of the groups.DiscussionThe findings extended our understanding of how the Beatles impact the new generation of fans and provide new insights from their social identity, which could serve as a foundation for future research, for scholar interested in exploring the identity of band music fans.
Regenerative fibroblasts derived from autologous skin tissue for the treatment of Sjögren’s syndrome: a case report
Authors: Ma Zhao-Xia , Wu Xing-Fei , Cao Li , Jiao Cheng-Yan , Ma Dai-Ping , Zhao Yun-Hui , Yang Zhi-Xing , Hu Min 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundSjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease, with major symptoms including dry mouth and dry eyes, for which there is no effective treatment. Recent studies have demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are effective in the treatment of SS, but the efficacy of allogeneic MSCs is affected by variability among different cell donors, and they are easily cleared by the immune system of the recipient. Autologous MSCs are one of the ideal options for the treatment of SS; however, their function decreases with age. Regenerative fibroblast (rFib) is a type of new MSC obtained through chemical reprogramming technology from skin fibroblasts. In this study, we report the safety and efficacy of intravenous infusion of autologous rFib in a volunteer with SS.Case reportIn March 2021, the volunteer was diagnosed with SS due to positive anti-SSB antibodies, lymphocyte infiltration in the lip gland, dry eyes, and a large area of purpura in both lower limbs. From May 2021 to November 2022, she received allogeneic Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSC) therapy (5.0 × 107 UCMSCs per time, totaling 10 infusions), but her condition did not improve. In May 2023, the rFib for the volunteer was prepared, meeting the quality standard of T/CSCB0003-2021 Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Between October 2023 and June 2024, the volunteer received a total of 12 intravenous transfusions of autologous rFib. After the treatments, the volunteer experienced no recurrence of purpura in both lower limbs. Symptoms of dry mouth, dry eyes, and fatigue were relieved. ESR, B lymphocytes, rheumatoid factor IgM, and IgA declined, while the proportion of NK cells increased, and most of the cytokines returned to normal levels. In vitro experiments showed that rFib could significantly inhibit the proliferation of T lymphocytes after PHA stimulation. No adverse effects were associated with the use of rFib in the volunteer during the clinical trial.SummaryThe results of this clinical trial indicate that intravenous injections of autologous rFib are both safe and effective for treating SS. Autologous rFib may be more suitable for treating autoimmune diseases than allogeneic MSCs.
Construction of nomogram model based on contrast-enhanced ultrasound parameters to predict the degree of pathological differentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lian Shu-Min , Cheng Hong-Jing , Li Hong-Jing , Wang Hui 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveTo predict the degree of pathological differentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by quantitative analysis the correlation between the perfusion parameters of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and the pathological grades of HCC using VueBox® software.MethodsWe enrolled 189 patients who underwent CEUS and liver biopsy at our hospital from July 2019 to September 2024 and were pathologically confirmed with primary HCC. The Edmondson-Steiner pathological classification system was used as the gold standard for dividing the patients into the low-grade and high-grade groups. The patients were randomly divided into training set and testing set in a ratio of 7:3, in which the parameters of the training set were analyzed by univariate analysis and then stepwise regression to construct the prediction model, and the diagnostic efficacy of the validation model was evaluated by discrimination, calibration, and clinical applicability.ResultsA total of 189 patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma were enrolled, including 118 patients in the low-grade group and 71 patients in the high-grade group; they were randomly divided into training set of 128 patients and testing set of 61 patients. The prediction model was constructed by logistic regression in the training set, and the final model included three variables: mTTI, FT, and maximum diameter of a single lesion, resulting in the equation was Y=−2.360+1.674X1+1.019X2+0.753X3(2)+1.570X3(3).The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the training set was 0.831, with a sensitivity of 82.0% and a specificity of 79.5%; the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the testing set was 0.811, with a sensitivity of 81.0% and a specificity of 70.0%.ConclusionThe regression model constructed by combining multiple parameters can effectively improve the diagnostic performance of CEUS in predicting the pathological differentiation grade of HCC, thus providing a clinical basis and empirical support for the use of CEUS as a diagnostic imaging method for this disease.
A Metric for the Entropic Purpose of a System
Authors: Parker Michael C. , Jeynes Chris , Walker Stuart D. 
Published: January 2025

Purpose in systems is considered to be beyond the purview of science since it is thought to be intrinsically personal. However, just as Claude Shannon was able to define an impersonal measure of information, so we formally define the (impersonal) ‘entropic purpose’ of an information system (using the theoretical apparatus of Quantitative Geometrical Thermodynamics) as the line integral of an entropic “purposive” Lagrangian defined in hyperbolic space across the complex temporal plane. We verify that this Lagrangian is well-formed: it has the appropriate variational (Euler-Lagrange) behaviour. We also discuss the teleological characteristics of such variational behaviour (featuring both thermodynamically reversible and irreversible temporal measures), so that a “Principle of Least (entropic) Purpose” can be adduced for any information-producing system. We show that entropic purpose is (approximately) identified with the information created by the system: an empirically measurable quantity. Exploiting the relationship between the entropy production of a system and its energy Hamiltonian, we also show how Landauer’s principle also applies to the creation of information; any purposive system that creates information will also dissipate energy. Finally, we discuss how ‘entropic purpose’ might be applied in artificial intelligence contexts (where degrees of system ‘aliveness’ need to be assessed), and in cybersecurity (where this metric for ‘entropic purpose’ might be exploited to help distinguish between people and bots).