bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role ovariectomies and/or the administration of artificial female sex hormones play in orthodontic tooth movement: A systematic review
Authors: Berry Stefani , Emile Rossouw Paul , Barmak Abdul Basir , Malik Shaima 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe objective was to assess how ovariectomy or the administration of artificial female sex hormones affects orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) with fixed appliances. An electronic search of indexed databases was completed without language or time restrictions up to June 2022. The following eligibility criteria were utilized: (i) prospective original controlled clinical studies; (ii) experimental studies on animal models; (iii) subjects undergoing orthodontic therapy with fixed appliances; (iv) clearly defined control groups not undergoing ovariectomy or administration of artificial female sex hormone; and (v) studies with experimental groups receiving the intervention of interest (ovariectomy or artificial female sex hormone administration). Review articles, letters to the editor, case reports, case series, commentaries, cross‐sectional studies, retrospective studies, and studies with no well‐defined control group were excluded. The quality of the available evidence and the risk of bias within the studies were assessed. All disagreements were resolved via discussion. Seven animal studies were included in the systematic review. Five studies reported that ovariectomy increased the rate of orthodontic tooth movement. Two studies reported that the administration of artificial female sex hormones decreased the rate of orthodontic tooth movement. There is an association between ovariectomies and OTM and between the administration of artificial female sex hormones and OTM. The full extent of the association remains unclear due to the biases that are present and the length of time of orthodontic therapy.
Altering maternal calcium and phosphorus dietary intake induces persistent sex‐specific changes in the dentition of the offspring
Authors: Hassan Mohamed G. , Hassan Reham , Hassan Dina G. , Abdelrahman Hams H. , Cox Timothy C. , Jheon Andrew H. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe maternal diet is essential to offspring development, but the specific effects on tooth morphology are still unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of altering maternal calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) supplementation during gestation and lactation on offspring dentition.MethodsPregnant mice were fed an experimental diet containing a threefold increase in Ca and a threefold decrease in P compared to the standard mouse chow diet at embryonic Day 0.5 (E0.5). Offspring mice were maintained on standard or experimental diets from post‐natal Day 0 to weaning, then fed control diets until 6 weeks of age. Six‐week‐old offspring heads were collected and scanned using micro‐computed tomography. Dental morphometrics of offspring maxillary and mandibular first and third molars (n = 5–6 per diet/per sex) were determined. A two‐way ANOVA test was employed to verify the existence of any significant differences between groups. The significance level was set at P < .05.ResultsA two‐way ANOVA revealed a statistically significant interaction between the effects of diet and sex on the upper and lower dentition. Moreover, experimental diet‐fed female offspring exhibited smaller molars with shorter mesiodistal width and larger pulp chambers relative to controls, while experimental diet‐fed male offspring possessed larger molars with wider mesiodistal width and smaller pulp chambers.ConclusionOur findings reveal that altering the maternal and offspring dietary Ca:P ratio during gestation, lactation and weaning led to significant, sex‐specific changes in the offspring dentition. The differences in dentition appeared to be correlated with the sex‐specific changes in the craniofacial skeleton.
Single‐cell RNA sequencing reveals diverse B cell phenotypes in patients with anti‐NMDAR encephalitis
Authors: Li Sisi , Hu Xiang , Wang Minjin , Yu Luoting , Zhang Qi , Xiao Jing , Hong Zhen , Zhou Dong , Li Jinmei 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundsAnti‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor encephalitis (NMDAR‐E) is a severe autoimmune disorder characterized by prominent psychiatric symptoms. Although the role of NMDAR antibodies in the disease has been extensively studied, the phenotype of B cell subsets is still not fully understood.MethodsWe utilized single‐cell RNA sequencing, single‐cell B cell receptor sequencing (scBCR‐seq), bulk BCR sequencing, flow cytometry, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay to analyze samples from both NMDAR‐E patients and control individuals.ResultsThe cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of NMDAR‐E patients showed significantly increased B cell counts, predominantly memory B (Bm) cells. CSF Bm cells in NMDAR‐E patients exhibited upregulated expression of differential expression genes (DEGs) associated with immune regulatory function (TNFRSF13B and ITGB1), whereas peripheral B cells upregulated DEGs related to antigen presentation. Additionally, NMDAR‐E patients displayed higher levels of IgD−CD27− double negative (DN) cells and DN3 cells in peripheral blood (PB). In vitro, DN1 cell subsets from NMDAR‐E patients differentiated into DN2 and DN3 cells, while CD27+ and/or IgD+B cells (non‐DN) differentiated into antibody‐secreting cells (ASCs) and DN cells. NR1‐IgG antibodies were found in B cell culture supernatants from patients. Differential expression of B cell IGHV genes in CSF and PB of NMDAR‐E patients suggests potential antigen class switching.ConclusionB cell subpopulations in the CSF and PB of NMDAR‐E patients exhibit distinct compositions and transcriptomic features. In vitro, non‐DN cells from NMDAR‐E can differentiate into DN cells and ASCs, potentially producing NR1‐IgG antibodies. Further research is necessary to investigate the potential contribution of DN cell subpopulations to NR1‐IgG antibody production.
Exploring testicular miRNA profiles during developmental stages in Dezhou donkeys: A preliminary insight
Authors: Ahmed Zulfiqar , Liu Wei , Yu Jie , Dong Hong , Naseer Zahid , Ahmad Imtiaz , Ahmed Imran , Wang Xijun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTesticular development and spermatogenesis are complex phenomena controlled by various genetic factors, including miRNA‐based post‐transcriptional gene expression regulation. Exploring the miRNA expression patterns during testicular development in Dezhou donkeys would enhance our understanding of equine fertility and spermatogenesis. In this investigation, we examined the testicular miRNA profiles at various stages of development. The experimental animals were divided into three groups based on their developmental stages: 2 months old (juvenile: n = 3), 12 months old (adolescent; n = 3) and 24 months old (adult; n = 3) donkeys. Total RNA was extracted from dissected testicles for miRNA sequencing and analysis. In total, 586 miRNAs, including 451 known miRNAs and 135 novel miRNAs, were identified. Among identified miRNAs, 315 displayed age‐dependent expression differences. The levels of miRNA expression in the juvenile group were significantly higher than in the adolescent or adult groups. The MiR‐483 exhibited the maximum fold change between juvenile and adolescent groups. Several screened genes, including SLC45A4 and TFCP2L1, have been linked to male reproductive pathways in donkeys. In addition, miR‐744 was predicted to regulate SPIN2B, a gene implicated in spermatocyte cell cycle progression and genomic integrity of spermatozoa. These results contribute to our comprehension of microRNA regulation during testicular development and spermatogenesis in Dezhou donkeys. The identified microRNAs and their target genes have the potential to serve as biomarkers for evaluating the reproductive capacity of stud donkeys.
Insecurity on the Labor Market
Authors: Clark Andrew E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThere is a common feeling that life has become more insecure over time. I here consider this proposition with respect to the labor market. I first discuss how labor‐market insecurity might be measured, and then its potential consequences for individuals. To answer the question of “What Happened,” I then review a number of pieces of evidence regarding developments in the labor market, and perhaps surprisingly find no consistent support for the proposition that the labor market has become significantly more insecure.
Cinema of Rupture: Urbicide, Eastern European Rubble Films, and the Documentary Impulse
Authors: Mandušić Zdenko 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCurrently in Ukraine, and previously in conflicts such as the Bosnian War (1992–96), local film collectives have expanded the mediation of wars to include the perspectives of those close to their subjects, foregrounding the participation of filmmakers in the wartime urban setting. In the 1990s, during the four‐year‐long siege of Bosnia’s capital, the collective Sarajevo Group of Artists (SAGA) produced sixty films of varying lengths, many of which included footage of destroyed buildings. Since 2014, several Ukrainian video projects and collectives, including Babylon’13, Freefilmers, War Against War, and Thickets (Khashchi), have made films documenting various aspects of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Although there is no evidence of direct influence, structural and contextual similarities make SAGA an important earlier model for Ukrainian collectives of local filmmakers determined to define the consequences and experiences of war from the perspective of those with personal stakes in the conflict. This essay comparatively examines the creative wartime documentaries of Bosnian and Ukrainian film collectives specifically to consider how filmmakers with close personal connections to conflicts produce documentary representations of wartime destruction
Effectiveness of an educational intervention to increase professional nurses' person‐centred care competence in long‐term care of older people—Quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Pakkonen Mari , Stolt Minna , Edvardsson David , Charalambous Andreas , Pasanen Miko , Suhonen Riitta 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundBased on previous evidence person‐centred care (PCC) as a quality indicator is important in long‐term care (LTC) settings for older people. Effective ways to increase nurses' person‐centred care competence are missing.AimTo evaluate the effectiveness of a continuing education (CE) intervention named ‘Person First—Please’ (PFP) for improving nurses' PPC competence and its connection to PPC climate.MethodsQuasi‐experimental cluster design with intervention and control groups was carried out in LTC settings for older people. The intervention group (n = 77) received a 10‐week CE intervention, with control group (n = 123) working as usual. The primary outcome was professional nurses' PCC competence. Secondary outcome was the PCC climate as perceived by nurses and, residents with their next of kin. Measurements were conducted pre−/post‐intervention and after 6 weeks using the validated, Person‐centred Care Competence scale and the Person‐centred Care Climate questionnaire, staff and patient versions. Data was analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics.ResultsPCC competence was significantly increased in the intervention group and remained after 6 weeks of follow‐up. PCC climate increased in the intervention group in total score and also in all sub‐scales, across residents with their next of kin. The control group did not show any significant change. Comparisons of PCC competence and PCC climate in time between intervention and control groups confirmed that changes seen between groups were statistically significant in intervention group.LimitationsMeasurements were self‐assessments, which may have been affected by bias, especially in context of competence assessment.ConclusionThe intervention was effective in increasing professional nurses' PCC competence and on person‐centred care climate in long‐term care settings for older people.
Gut bacteria at 6 months of age are associated with immune cell status in 1‐year‐old children
Authors: Nilsen Morten , Nygaard Unni Cecilie , Brodin Petter , Carlsen Karin Cecilie Lødrup , Fredheim Cecilie , Haugen Guttorm , Hedlin Gunilla , Jonassen Christine Monceyron , Jonsmoen Unni Lise Albertsdottir , Lakshmikanth Tadepally , Nordlund Björn , Olin Axel , Rehbinder Eva Maria , Skjerven Håvard O. , Snipen Lars , Staff Anne Cathrine , Söderhäll Cilla , Vettukattil Riyas , Rudi Knut 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAge‐related gut bacterial changes during infancy have been widely studied, but it remains still unknown how these changes are associated with immune cell composition. This study's aim was to explore if the temporal development of gut bacteria during infancy prospectively affects immune cell composition. Faecal bacteria and short‐chain fatty acids were analysed from 67 PreventADALL study participants at four timepoints (birth to 12 months) using reduced metagenome sequencing and gas chromatography. Immune cell frequencies were assessed using mass cytometry in whole blood samples at 12 months. The infants clustered into four groups based on immune cell composition: clusters 1 and 2 showed a high relative abundance of naïve cells, cluster 3 exhibited increased abundance of classical‐ and non‐classical monocytes and clusters 3 and 4 had elevated neutrophil levels. At all age groups, we did observe significant associations between the gut microbiota and immune cell clusters; however, these were generally from low abundant species. Only at 6 months of age we observed significant associations between abundant (>8%) species and immune cell clusters. Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Porphyromonadaceae are associated with cluster 1, while Bacteroides fragilis and Bifidobacterium longum are associated with clusters 3 and 4 respectively. These species have been linked to T‐cell polarization and maturation. No significant correlations were found between short‐chain fatty acids and immune cell composition. Our findings suggest that abundant gut bacteria at 6 months may influence immune cell frequencies at 12 months, highlighting the potential role of gut microbiota in shaping later immune cell composition.
Sacred serpents and the discourse on conservation: Interrogating interspecies dynamics in rural Bardhaman
Authors: Saha Salini 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBuilt on extensive ethnographic fieldwork in rural Bardhaman, West Bengal, India, the article argues for the centrality of animals’ non‐human agency as sacred beings involved in interactive experiences with humans, amidst changing climatic conditions. For the people of Musharu, the sacredness of their village deity is embedded in their practical ways of living and inhabiting with special varieties of cobras as exemplars of sacred nature. The article also draws attention to how the survival of these local cobras is adversely affected due to monsoonal vulnerability. The article addresses three critical concerns. It situates the human–snake interaction within wider discourse of post‐humanist debates, highlighting the elusive nature of the ‘wild’ and the animalist agency it enables. It captures alternative versions of conservation that the human–animal–divine nexus in Musharu creates. The third concerns the reproduction of rural community consciousness and indigeneity that this interaction brings about. It concludes with the understanding that Musharu's human–animal inhabitation reveals the contextual nature of ‘wilderness’ reframes the Indigenous status emerging out of human–non‐human associations and rethinks the role of local cultures in global wildlife conservation discourses.
Participant Self‐Reference, Under‐Determination, Generalisation, Vagueness, and Ambiguity in Political Discourse: A Contrastive Analysis of Parliamentary Debate and Twitter Usages*
Authors: Nogué‐Serrano Neus 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe main aim of this chapter is to analyse under‐determination, generalisation, vagueness, and ambiguity in the speaker's self‐reference strategies used in Catalan parliamentary debate and Twitter. Parliaments are one of the main arenas where politicians develop their activity. On the other hand, Twitter allows politicians to build their own public image and to be in touch with voters, and citizens in general, in a more direct way. The theoretical background of the analysis includes the classical studies on deixis and on person deixis in Catalan; Goffman (1981)'s participation frameworks; functional linguistics and the ethnography of communication, and Twitter communication analysis.In this corpus‐driven analysis, parliamentary discourses and tweets of two members of the Parliament of Catalonia are analysed. The corpus has been drawn from their speeches in the 2020 general politics debate and from the Twitter messages they published in the same period, in autumn 2020.
The differential sensitivity of the hypothalamic–hypophysial–ovarian axis to 5‐hydroxytryptophan alters the secretion of estradiol
Authors: Monroy Juana , Cortés Omar D. , Domínguez Roberto , Mendoza‐Garrido María Eugenia , Gallegos Eloir , Cárdenas Mario , Aragón Andrés , Ayala María E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSerotonin [5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT)] modulates ovarian function. The precursor of 5‐HT, 5‐hydroxytryptophan (5‐HTP), has been used to treat depression. However, the effects of 5‐HTP on ovarian and reproductive physiology remain unknown. In this research, we analysed the impact of 5‐HTP on the monoaminergic system and its interactions with the reproductive axis and ovarian estradiol secretion when administered by distinct routes. Female rats 30 days of age were injected with 5‐HTP i.p. (100 mg/kg), into the ovarian bursa (1.5 µg/40 µL) or into the median raphe nucleus (20 µg/2.5 µL) and were killed 60 or 120 min after injection. As controls, we used rats of the same age injected with vehicle (0.9% NaCl). Monoamine, gonadotrophin and steroid ovarian hormone concentrations were measured. The injection of 5‐HTP either i.p. or directly into the ovarian bursa increased the concentrations of 5‐HT and the metabolite 5‐hydroxyindole‐3‐acetic acid in the ovary. For both routes of administration, the serum concentration of estradiol increased. After i.p. injection of 5‐HTP, the concentrations of luteinizing hormone were decreased and follicle‐stimulating hormone increased after 120 min. Micro‐injection of 5‐HTP into the median raphe nucleus increased the concentrations of 5‐HT in the anterior hypothalamus and dopamine in the medial hypothalamus after 120 min. Our results suggest that the administration of 5‐HTP either i.p. or directly into the ovarian bursa enhances ovarian estradiol secretion.
Bifidobacterium infantis
associates with T cell immunity in human infants and is sufficient to enhance antigen-specific T cells in mice
Authors: Nyangahu Donald D. , Happel Anna-Ursula , Wendoh Jerome , Kiravu Agano , Wang Yuli , Feng Colin , Plumlee Courtney , Cohen Sara , Brown Bryan P. , Djukovic Danijel , Ganief Tariq , Gasper Melanie , Raftery Daniel , Blackburn Jonathan M. , Allbritton Nancy L. , Gray Clive M. , Paik Jisun , Urdahl Kevin B. , Jaspan Heather B. 
Published: December 2023

Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine can elicit good T
H
1 responses in neonates. We hypothesized that the pioneer gut microbiota affects vaccine T cell responses. Infants who are HIV exposed but uninfected (iHEU) display an altered immunity to vaccination. BCG-specific immune responses were analyzed at 7 weeks of age in iHEU, and responses were categorized as high or low.
Bifidobacterium longum
subsp.
infantis
was enriched in the stools of high responders, while
Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron
was enriched in low responders at time of BCG vaccination. Neonatal germ-free or SPF mice orally gavaged with live
B. infantis
exhibited significantly higher BCG-specific T cells compared with pups gavaged with
B. thetaiotaomicron. B. infantis
and
B. thetaiotaomicron
differentially affected stool metabolome and colonic transcriptome. Human colonic epithelial cells stimulated with
B. infantis
induced a unique gene expression profile versus
B. thetaiotaomicron
. We thus identified a causal role of
B. infantis
in early-life antigen-specific immunity.
Antigiardial and antiamebic activities of fexinidazole and its metabolites: new drug leads for giardiasis and amebiasis
Authors: Escrig Jose Ignacio , Miyamoto Yukiko , Aznar Alejandro Delgado , Eckmann Lars , Debnath Anjan 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

The intestinal parasites
Giardia lamblia
and
Entamoeba histolytica
are major causes of morbidity and mortality associated with diarrheal diseases. Metronidazole is the most common drug used to treat giardiasis and amebiasis. Despite its efficacy, treatment failures in giardiasis occur in up to 5%–40% of cases. Potential resistance of
E. histolytica
to metronidazole is an increasing concern. Therefore, it is critical to search for more effective drugs to treat giardiasis and amebiasis. We identified antigiardial and antiamebic activities of the rediscovered nitroimidazole compound, fexinidazole, and its sulfone and sulfoxide metabolites. Fexinidazole is equally active against
E. histolytica
and
G. lamblia
trophozoites, and both metabolites were 3- to 18-fold more active than the parent drug. Fexinidazole and its metabolites were also active against a metronidazole-resistant strain of
G. lamblia
.
G. lamblia
and
E. histolytica
cell extracts exhibited decreased residual nitroreductase activity when metabolites were used as substrates, indicating nitroreductase may be central to the mechanism of action of fexinidazole. In a cell invasion model, fexinidazole and its metabolites significantly reduced the invasiveness of
E. histolytica
trophozoites through basement membrane matrix. A q.d. oral dose of fexinidazole and its metabolites at 10 mg/kg for 3 days reduced
G. lamblia
infection significantly in mice compared to control. The newly discovered antigiardial and antiamebic activities of fexinidazole, combined with its FDA-approval and inclusion in the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis, offer decreased risk and a shortened development timeline toward clinical use of fexinidazole for treatment of giardiasis or amebiasis.
The emergence of cefiderocol resistance in
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
from a heteroresistant isolate during prolonged therapy
Authors: Teran Nicholas , Egge Stephanie L. , Phe Kady , Baptista Rodrigo P. , Tam Vincent H. , Miller William R. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Cefiderocol is a siderophore cephalosporin designed to target multi-drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Previously, the emergence of cefiderocol non-susceptibility has been associated with mutations in the chromosomal cephalosporinase (PDC) along with mutations in the PirA and PiuA/D TonB-dependent receptor pathways. Here, we report a clinical case of cefiderocol-resistant
P. aeruginosa
that emerged in a patient during treatment. This resistance was associated with mutations not previously reported, suggesting potential novel pathways to cefiderocol resistance.