bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Farnesyltransferase inhibitor, R115777, reverses the resistance of human glioma cell lines to ionizing radiation
Authors: Delmas Caroline , Heliez Christophe , Cohen‐Jonathan Elizabeth , End Dave , Bonnet Jacques , Favre Gilles , Toulas Christine 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe investigated for the first time the ability of farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTI) to radiosensitize human glioma. For this, human glioma cell lines were treated with the specific FTI, R115777, 48 hr prior to a 2Gy irradiation. The treatment with R115777 decreased by 45% the SF2 value of the more radioresistant glioma cell lines (SF763 and U87) without any significant effect on the radioresistance of the radiosensitive ones (SF767 and U251‐MG). This radiosensitizer effect was due to the induction of post‐mitotic necrotic cell death. We then tested the hypothesis that wild‐type Ras or RhoB, which has been proposed as potential FTI target, could control the glioma radioresistance. For this, we expressed inducible dominant negative forms of Ras (RasN17) and RhoB (RhoBN19) in radioresistant U87 glioma cell line and analyzed the survival after irradiation of the obtained clones. While blocking Ras pathways by expression of RasN17 did not affect the SF2 value of the U87 glioma cell line, the expression of RhoBN19 dramatically reduced the cell survival after irradiation of these cells. Taken together, these data demonstrated that RhoB, but not Ras, is implicated in glioma radioresistance. Furthermore, the R115777 differential radiosensitizer effect underlines the potential therapeutic interest of using this drug as a radiosensitizer of human glioma. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determinants of cervical cancer rates in developing countries
Authors: Drain Paul K. , Holmes King K. , Hughes James P. , Koutsky Laura A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAlthough cervical cancer (CC) is a leading cause of cancer‐related deaths in developing countries, incidence rates vary considerably, ranging from 3 to 61 per 105 females. Identifying determinants of high vs. low rates may suggest population‐level prevention strategies. CC rates for 175 countries were obtained from the IARC. Country‐specific behavioral, health, economic and demographic measures were obtained from United Nations agencies and other international organizations. Regression analyses performed for 127 low or medium developed countries identified both geography and religion as independently associated with high CC rates. Among behavioral measures, high fertility rates, early age at birth of first child and high teenage birthrates were significantly associated with high CC rates. Countries with high CC rates had fewer doctors per capita, less immunization coverage, more HIV infections and shorter life expectancies. CC rates also tended to be higher in countries with more spending on health and younger, less educated populations. Patterns of CC rates suggest that programmatic approaches, such as promoting delayed childbearing and sexual monogamy, may be appropriate interventions. For countries with high CC rates and some flexibility in their health‐care budgets, a once‐in‐a‐lifetime screen of women 30–50 years of age, using Pap smears, direct visual inspection and/or HPV DNA testing, may be cost‐effective. Finally, relatively low immunization rates and a shortage of health‐care workers in countries with high CC rates suggest potential challenges for introducing prophylactic HPV vaccines. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression analysis of δ‐catenin and prostate‐specific membrane antigen: Their potential as diagnostic markers for prostate cancer
Authors: Burger Michelle Jane , Tebay Michelle Anne , Keith Patricia Anne , Samaratunga Hema Mali , Clements Judith , Lavin Martin Francis , Gardiner Robert Alexander 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe current approach to prostate cancer diagnosis has major limitations including the inability of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) assays to accurately differentiate between prostate cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and the imprecision of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) biopsy sampling. We have employed cDNA microarray screening to compare gene expression patterns in BPH and tumour samples to identify expression markers that may be useful in discriminating between these conditions. Screening of 3 individual cDNA arrays identified 8 genes with expression 3‐fold greater in 6 tumour tissues than in 1 nontumour sample and 1 BPH sample. Real‐time PCR was used to confirm the overexpression of these 8 genes and 12 genes selected from the literature against a panel of 17 tumours and 11 BPH samples. Two genes, δ‐catenin (delta‐catenin; CTNND2) and prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA; FOLH1), were significantly overexpressed in prostate cancer compared to BPH. Prostate epithelial cells stained positively for δ‐catenin and PSMA in our prostate cancer tissues, whereas the majority of our BPH tissues were negative for both markers. Thus we have identified δ‐catenin (not previously associated with prostatic adenocarcinoma) and confirmed the potential of PSMA as potential candidates for the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PTEN expression is associated with prognosis for patients with advanced endometrial carcinoma undergoing postoperative chemotherapy
Authors: Kanamori Yasunobu , Kigawa Junzo , Itamochi Hiroaki , Sultana Habiba , Suzuki Mitsuaki , Ohwada Michitaka , Kamura Toshiharu , Sugiyama Toru , Kikuchi Yoshihiro , Kita Tsunekazu , Fujiwara Keiichi , Terakawa Naoki 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe prognostic significance of PTEN expression in endometrial carcinoma has not been clear. We conducted the present study to clarify the relationship between PTEN expression and prognosis in advanced endometrial carcinoma. Of 784 patients with endometrial carcinoma who underwent primary treatment between 1985 and 2000 at 5 institutions, 98 pure endometrioid carcinomas with retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis were provided for our study. PTEN expression was determined by immunohistochemic staining. Negative or mixed PTEN staining was observed in 64 (65.3%) patients. The survival rate for PTEN‐positive patients was significantly higher than that for PTEN‐negative or ‐mixed patients. PTEN‐staining status was not associated with patient age, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, myometrial invasion or histologic grade. Of the 98 patients, 87 received radiation therapy (n = 25) or chemotherapy (n = 62) after surgery. PTEN expression did not relate to survival for patients receiving radiation therapy. In contrast, the survival rate for PTEN‐positive cases was significantly higher than that for PTEN‐negative or ‐mixed cases when patients underwent chemotherapy (62.4% vs. 11.8%). Subsequent multivariate analysis revealed that PTEN staining was an independent prognostic factor for patients undergoing chemotherapy. PTEN‐positive staining was a significant prognostic indicator of favorable survival for patients with advanced endometrial carcinoma who underwent postoperative chemotherapy. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Flow properties of liquid calcium alginate polymer injected through medical microcatheters for endovascular embolization
Authors: Becker Timothy A. , Kipke Daryl R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe flow properties of liquid calcium alginate injections were investigated for application in endovascular embolization. Alginate shear properties were assessed with a rheometer and a controlled injection system. The experimental results were used to model the flow properties and predict alginate's flow characteristics within various medical microcatheter delivery systems. The results suggest that alginates undergo shear‐thinning effects with increasing shear. A flow comparison of 2.0 wt % alginate and a Newtonian fluid (82 cP) injected from the same microcatheter had similar flow rates at low injection pressure (100 kPa). However, at high injection pressure (2100 kPa), the alginate was injectable at a flow rate 100% higher than was the Newtonian fluid. Further analysis of injections through microcatheters resulted in a flow model for predicting viscosity changes, flow rates, and injection pressures of liquid alginate at medium‐to‐high shear rates. The predicted injection pressures and flow rates had an average variance of less than 15% from that of the experimental flow data. This study indicates that calcium alginate has the requisite flow properties for successful delivery to vascular lesions via endovascular injection. Possible uses of alginates include treating arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), aneurysms, blood flow to tumors, and vascular hemorrhages. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 61: 533–540, 2002
Different cellular localization, translocation, and insulin‐induced phosphorylation of PKBα in HepG2 cells and hepatocytes
Authors: Syed Noor Afshan , Horner Kyla Nadine , Misra Vikram , Khandelwal Ramji Lal 
Published: October 2002

AbstractProtein kinase B (PKB), a serine/threonine protein kinase, prevents apoptosis and promotes cellular transformation. PKB activity is stimulated by insulin. In this report, we examined the relative amounts of expression, location, and translocation upon insulin stimulation of PKBα in normal primary hepatocytes and carcinoma cells, HepG2 cells. Non‐phosphorylated PKBα was present in both types of unstimulated cells. The phosphorylated form of the enzyme was present in the nucleus of unstimulated HepG2 cells but not in normal hepatocytes. In the cytoplasm, PKBα was found in greater abundance in the hepatocytes as compared in HepG2 cells. Insulin induced the translocation of phosphorylated PKBα from the nucleus to the nuclear membrane in HepG2 cells. In contrast, insulin caused translocation and phosphorylation of PKBα from the cytosol to the plasma membrane in normal hepatocytes. In addition, there is a higher expression of PKBα in the HepG2 cells as compared to normal primary hepatocytes. These findings provide an important distinction between hepatocellular HepG2 cells and normal liver cells and suggest that the presence of constitutively active nuclear PKB in the transformed cells might be an important contributor in cell transformation and immortality of hepatoma cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 86: 118–127, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunocytochemical studies on lipid droplet‐surface proteins in adrenal cells
Authors: Fong Tsorng‐Harn , Yang Chi‐Chou , Greenberg Andrew S. , Wang Seu‐Mei 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPerilipin and ADRP, located on the surface of intracellular lipid droplets, are proposed to be involved in adipocyte lipid metabolism. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of PKA and PKC activities on the distribution of perilipin and ADRP in primary cultured adrenal cells, and the role of ERK in PMA‐ and calphostin C‐induced steroidogenesis. Immunofluorescence staining indicated that in addition to p160, a capsular protein of steroidogenic lipid droplets, perilipin and ADRP were localized on the lipid droplet surface. Stimuli such as activation of PKA by db cAMP or inhibition of PKC by calphostin C, which increase corticosterone synthesis in various magnitudes, caused detachment of p160 and perilipin, but not ADRP, from the lipid droplet surface. Activation of PKC by PMA induced increase in corticosterone synthesis, however, it did not affect the distribution of perilipin, p160, or ADRP on the lipid droplet surface, suggesting the presence of mechanisms for promoting sterodiogensis other than causing detachment of lipid droplet surface proteins. We further demonstrated that ERK pathway was involved in PMA‐induced steroidogenesis, since PD98059, specific inhibitor of MEK, blocked the increases in steroidogenesis and phosphorylation of ERK caused by PMA, but not by cAMP‐PKA. These data indicate that p160, perilipin, and ADRP were all located on the lipid droplet surface in rat adrenal cells. On the basis of its non‐responsiveness to lipolytic stimulation, ADRP may be a structural protein of the lipid droplet surface, whereas their immediate response to lipolytic stimuli suggest that perilipin and p160 are functional proteins. PKC regulates adrenal steroidogenesis through ERK cascade, whereas PKA pathway does not involve ERK. J. Cell. Biochem. 86: 432–439, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of endogenous regucalcin in transgenic rats: Suppression of kidney cortex cytosolic protein phosphatase activity and enhancement of heart muscle microsomal Ca2+‐ATPase activity
Authors: Yamaguchi Masayoshi , Morooka Yoshiko , Misawa Hiroyuki , Tsurusaki Yoshinori , Nakajima Rie 
Published: October 2002

AbstractRats were generated by pronuclear injection of the transgene with a cDNA construct encoding rat regucalcin that is a regulatory protein of Ca2+ signaling. Transgenic (TG) founders were fertile, transmitted the transgene at the expected frequency, and bred to homozygote. Western analysis of the cytosol prepared from the tissue of TG female rats (5‐week‐old) showed a remarkable expression of regucalcin (3.3 kDa) protein in the liver, kidney cortex, heart, lung, stomach, brain, spleen, muscle, colon, and duodenum. Regucalcin expression of TG male rats was seen in the liver, kidney cortex, heart, and lung. In wild‐type (wt) male and female rats, regucalcin was mainly present in the liver and kidney cortex. Regucalcin inhibited protein phosphatase activity in rat kidney cortex cytosol and activated Ca2+‐ATPase activity in rat heart muscle microsomes. The suppressive effect of regucalcin on protein phosphatase activity was significantly enhanced in the cytosol of kidney cortex of TG male and female rats as compared with those of wt rats. Likewise, heart muscle microsomal Ca2+‐ATPase activity was significantly enhanced in TG rats. The changes in their enzyme's activities in TG rats were completely abolished in the presence of anti‐regucalcin monoclonal antibody (100 ng/ml) in the enzyme reaction mixture. Moreover, the body weight of TG female rats was significantly lowered as compared with that of wt rats. Serum inorganic phosphorus concentration was significantly increased in TG male and female rats, while serum calcium, glucose, triglyceride, free cholesterol, albumin, and urea nitrogen concentrations were not significantly altered in TG rats. Regucalcin TG rats should be a useful model to define a regulatory role of endogenous regucalcin in the tissues in vivo. J. Cell. Biochem. 86: 520–529, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Flow cytometric detection of total and serine 473 phosphorylated Akt
Authors: Tazzari Pier Luigi , Cappellini Alessandra , Bortul Roberta , Ricci Francesca , Billi Anna Maria , Tabellini Giovanna , Conte Roberto , Martelli Alberto M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe evaluation of regulatory proteins is important for biological studies and is also established as a prognostic marker for cancer diagnosis. Very recently, it has been highlighted that the serine/threonine kinase Akt plays a fundamental role in survival pathways and is also involved in the onset of resistance to anti‐neoplastic drugs and ionizing radiation in cell lines derived from solid tumors. For its full activation Akt needs to be phosphorylated on Serine 473 residue. Molecules that are fundamental in determining resistance to therapeutic treatments might serve in the future as clinical markers to tailor therapy and/or predict treatment response. The aim of this study was to ascertain whether or not flow cytometric analysis of total Akt and of its form phosphorylated on Serine 473 could be related to standard techniques such as Western blotting with phosphospecific antibodies and in vitro kinase assay. To this end, we employed as experimental models HL‐60 and PC‐12 lines in which there is an enhancement of Akt activity. Our results showed that flow cytometry analysis, performed on fixed and permeabilized cells, correlated well with the results provided by in vitro activity assays and Western blots. Therefore, our findings might indicate that flow cytometric study of Akt (both total and phosphorylated) content may be applied in routine work for phenotyping of hematological and non‐hematological neoplasias, and allow for its use as a useful marker for the classification and the prognosis of neoplastic diseases. J. Cell. Biochem. 86: 704–715, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oleic acid‐induced PKC isozyme translocation in RAW 264.7 macrophages
Authors: Chen Jin‐Shan , Greenberg Andrew S. , Wang Seu‐Mei 
Published: October 2002

AbstractFatty acids are important second messengers that mediate various cellular functions, but their role in the formation of macrophage foam cells is not known. High plasma levels of oleic acid (OA) in obese patients are often associated with a high risk for atherosclerosis. In this study, we investigated the protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes involved in OA‐induced lipid accumulation in RAW 264.7 macrophages. The results show that OA induces translocation of PKC α, β1, and δ from the cytosol to the cell membrane 5 min after the treatment. After 16 h incubation with OA, PKC δ was found to be colocalized with adipose differentiation‐related protein (ADRP) on the surface of lipid droplets, but immunoprecipitation experiments showed that PKC δ was not biochemically associated with ADRP. After 16 h incubation with OA plus phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA), PKC δ staining on the lipid droplet surface was not seen, whereas the accumulation of lipid droplets was unaffected. Furthermore, downregulation of PKC δ was confirmed by immunoblotting. These results demonstrate possible involvement of specific PKC isozymes in the early phase of lipid accumulation, possibly during the uptake of OA. J. Cell. Biochem. 86: 784–791, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new program for optimizing periodic boundary models of solvated biomolecules (PBCAID)
Authors: Qian Xiaoliang , Strahs Daniel , Schlick Tamar 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSimulations of solvated macromolecules often use periodic lattices to account for long‐range electrostatics and to approximate the surface effects of bulk solvent. The large percentage of solvent molecules in such models (compared to macromolecular atoms) makes these procedures computationally expensive. The cost can be reduced by using periodic cells containing an optimized number of solvent molecules (subject to a minimal distance between the solute and the periodic images). We introduce an easy‐to‐use program “PBCAID” to initialize and optimize a periodic lattice specified as one of several known space‐filling polyhedra. PBCAID reduces the volume of the periodic cell by finding the solute rotation that yields the smallest periodic cell dimensions. The algorithm examines rotations by using only a subset of surface atoms to measure solute/image distances, and by optimizing the distance between the solute and the periodic cell surface. Once the cell dimension is optimized, PBCAID incorporates a procedure for solvating the domain with water by filling the cell with a water lattice derived from an ice structure scaled to the bulk density of water. Results show that PBCAID can optimize system volumes by 20 to 70% and lead to computational savings in the nonbonded computations from reduced solvent sizes. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 22: 1843–1850, 2001
Service providers' views of psychiatric mutual support groups
Authors: Chinman Matthew , Kloos Bret , O'Connell Maria , Davidson Larry 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDespite evidence that mutual support groups can be beneficial for those with serious mental illnesses, professionals have been reluctant to utilize this resource. We surveyed over 400 providers across several disciplines and settings within the state of Connecticut's public mental health system to assess their attitudes and practices regarding the use of mutual support groups for their patients. We found that being a rehabilitation worker and possessing more advanced training, greater numbers of years in their setting and discipline, and personal experience with psychiatric disorders or mutual support were associated with more favorable attitudes and behaviors toward mutual support. In addition, traditional 12‐step groups (e.g., Alcoholics Anonymous) were viewed more favorably than psychiatric mutual support groups. Implications for educational efforts about the benefits of mutual support for those with serious mental illnesses are discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ethnic identity in urban African American youth: Exploring links with self‐worth, aggression, and other psychosocial variables
Authors: McMahon Susan D. , Watts Roderick J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis study represents an attempt to examine the relative influences of ethnic identity and global self‐worth on aggression, coping, and adjustment among urban African American adolescents. Findings suggest that ethnic identity was associated with a range of positive feelings about oneself and health‐related outcomes. When taking into account global self‐worth, youth with a greater sense of ethnic/racial identity reported more active coping strategies, fewer beliefs supporting aggression, and fewer aggressive behaviors. A strong positive sense of global self‐worth was significantly related to lower levels of anxiety and depression, and greater beliefs supporting aggressive behavior, when taking into account ethnic identity. Examining these constructs in combination can yield insight into the processes involved in competence and adjustment among at‐risk youth. This study suggests that ethnic identity is an important component of development, and that we should consider examining and strengthening ethnoracial and political consciousness among youth in preventive interventions. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Continuous exposure of airway epithelial cells to hydrogen peroxide: Protection by KGF
Authors: Chapman Kenneth E. , Waters Christopher M. , Miller William M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) increase permeability in the airway epithelium. Extended periods of oxidant exposure may be experienced by those suffering from chronic inflammation of the lungs, receiving supplemental oxygen, or living in areas with high levels of air pollution. We studied the effects of long‐term, continuous exposure to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on the trans‐epithelial electrical resistance (TER) across cultured monolayers of a transformed cell line of human bronchial epithelial cells, 16HBE14o− (16HBE). A TER perfusion system was employed to continuously monitor the TER without disturbing the tissue model. The TER decreased in a dose‐dependent manner with increasing concentrations of H2O2 (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mM), regardless of pre‐incubation conditions. Cell cultures pre‐treated with 50 ng/ml keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) showed a significant delay in oxidant‐induced TER decreases caused by 0.1 mM H2O2. Exposure to 0.1 mM H2O2 for 350 min led to disruption of tight junction proteins, ZO‐1 and occludin, but KGF treatment prevented this damage. The recovery of epithelial barrier function after exposure to oxidants was also studied. Tissue models exposed to 0.5 mM H2O2 for 25 min showed complete recovery of TER after 20 h, independent of culture pre‐treatment. In contrast, KGF pre‐incubation enhanced the recovery of 16HBE cultures exposed for 50 min to 0.5 mM H2O2. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.