bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation of the rheology of alumina abrasive particles applied to UHMWPE during the microabrasion test
Authors: Mora Ramírez Tomas de la , Torres San Miguel Christopher René , Melo Máximo Dulce Viridiana , López Perrusquia Noé , Doñu Ruiz Marco A , Elías Espinosa Milton Carlos 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The material used for 50 years in orthopedics for joint replacements is ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). Joint replacements are designed so that the metal is in surface contact with the polymeric material, and it is used in most degenerative joint disorders. A problem with joint replacements is the half-life of their UHMWPE components resulting from surface contact, leading to premature wear. This leads to the detachment of wear particles causing osteolysis. In the present investigation, a numerical simulation of the rheology of 5 μm size alumina abrasive particles applied to UHMWPE type GUR 1020 was performed by duplicating the microabrasion test. An analogy was proposed between the alumina particles observed in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the gravel stone obtaining a geometry similar to that of the alumina particles. A 3D scanner was used, obtaining different randomly selected gravel models. They were scanned and rendered to obtain the IGS files to be used in the finite element software. Using Archad’s abrasive wear theory, the volume displaced by the abrasive particles was obtained as a function of the geometry of the abrasive grains, influenced by the entry position of one or more of the different cutting edges contained in the geometry, the hardness of the softer material, the value of the normal load and the sliding distance. Individual trace profiles were obtained by 2D profilometry and wear traces were analyzed by SEM. Explicit dynamic analysis of particle motion was used to simulate the entry, transition and displacement during the abrasive wear test caused by detached particles. The experimental results of the microabrasion test were compared with finite element analysis, demonstrating that simulation can be used as a reliable tool to obtain information about the type of wear of a material.
Dislocation density-based modeling of the yield drop phenomenon in nickel-based single crystal superalloy
Authors: He Xu , Liu Lu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The phenomenon of yield drop, characterized by a decrease in flow stress after initial yield, has been observed in various nickel-based superalloys. Despite numerous proposed physical mechanisms, there is still a lack of a meso-mechanism-based constitutive model to explain this phenomenon. In this study, the tensile behavior of a nickel-based single crystal superalloy (DDX), was investigated at different strain rates and a temperature of 900 °C. It was observed that the yield drop phenomenon in DDX became more pronounced with increasing strain rate. To predict the yield drop phenomenon during tensile processing, an improved strength law based on continuum dislocation density theory was considered in the crystal plasticity framework. The proposed constitutive model was implemented using nonlinear iteration and incorporated into a finite element analysis software. The simulation results exhibited a good agreement between the experimental data and the stress–strain curve in the vicinity of the yield drop region, affirming the predictive aptitude of the proposed model in elucidating the yield drop phenomenon at various strain rates.
International Legacies of a Century and a Half of the Case Method
Authors: Zhou Han-Ru 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Save the Constitution, the United States’s most famous legal export may well be the case method. This article pieces together the story of how CC Langdell’s brainchild was brought to the rest of the common law world in treading the momentous events and geopolitics of the last century and a half, and reflects on the lessons from this global experiment for the present and future of the case method. After initially attracting little attention overseas, the rise of the case method encountered its watershed in the post-war period. From then on, the method’s further expansion branched into two narratives: one in the Western world and the other in the former British African, Asian, and Caribbean colonies. The overseas experiments with the case method yielded some durable successes and cast a light on its singular ability to adapt to widely different environments. But mostly the picture is one of mixed results, especially outside the Western world, owing to a failure to devise an educational program adapted to the varying local circumstances. As with law itself, the teaching of law is inextricably tied to local idiosyncrasies and world politics, thus making the future of the case method as difficult to predict as it would have been for Langdell and his contemporaries. Today’s different national and international contexts from that of 1945 represent an opportunity to reassess the merits of the case method in our more mature legal and educational environments, freed from colonial and neocolonial agendas.
Explainable Multilayer Graph Neural Network for cancer gene prediction
Authors: Chatzianastasis Michail , Vazirgiannis Michalis , Zhang Zijun 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Motivation
The identification of cancer genes is a critical yet challenging problem in cancer genomics research. Existing computational methods, including deep graph neural networks, fail to exploit the multilayered gene–gene interactions or provide limited explanations for their predictions. These methods are restricted to a single biological network, which cannot capture the full complexity of tumorigenesis. Models trained on different biological networks often yield different and even opposite cancer gene predictions, hindering their trustworthy adaptation. Here, we introduce an Explainable Multilayer Graph Neural Network (EMGNN) approach to identify cancer genes by leveraging multiple gene–gene interaction networks and pan-cancer multi-omics data. Unlike conventional graph learning on a single biological network, EMGNN uses a multilayered graph neural network to learn from multiple biological networks for accurate cancer gene prediction.

Results
Our method consistently outperforms all existing methods, with an average 7.15% improvement in area under the precision–recall curve over the current state-of-the-art method. Importantly, EMGNN integrated multiple graphs to prioritize newly predicted cancer genes with conflicting predictions from single biological networks. For each prediction, EMGNN provided valuable biological insights via both model-level feature importance explanations and molecular-level gene set enrichment analysis. Overall, EMGNN offers a powerful new paradigm of graph learning through modeling the multilayered topological gene relationships and provides a valuable tool for cancer genomics research.

Availability and implementation
Our code is publicly available at https://github.com/zhanglab-aim/EMGNN.
The genetic and environmental contributions to variation in the permanent dental arch form: a twin study
Authors: Lin Ting-han , Hughes Toby , Meade Maurice J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
The objective of this study was to examine the relative contributions of genetic and environmental influences on variation in dental arch form in individuals who have largely completed their craniofacial growth.

Material and methods
The subjects of this study comprised dental casts of 50 monozygotic twins and 24 dizygotic twins from the collection of records of twins housed at the Adelaide Dental School, Australia. The subjects were of Western European descent, with an average age of 20.93 ± 5.58 years. Dental casts were scanned using a 3D scanner to analyse the dental arch form. Landmark-based inter-arch and intra-arch measurements were performed. Structural equation modelling was employed to analyse the quantitative data using the normal assumptions of the twin model.

Results
Genetic modelling revealed that additive genetic and unique environmental factors best explained the observed variation for all occlusal traits measured, except for mandibular intercanine width. High heritability was observed for most intra-arch occlusal variables (0.61–0.85) including the maxillary and mandibular intercanine and intermolar widths, arch depth and perimeter. In contrast, moderate heritability was found for inter-arch occlusal variables (0.52–0.59) such as overjet and overbite. Sexual dimorphism was evident, with males displaying larger posterior arch width than females (P &lt; 0.05).

Limitations
Our sample was limited to individuals of Western European ancestry.

Conclusion
The predominant source of occlusal variation within this group of Australian twins of Western European descent was controlled by genetic effects, and most were highly heritable. Generally, intra-arch occlusal variables showed greater heritability compared with inter-arch occlusal variables.
On the importance of setting 3-D stress field in simulations of on- and off-fault deformation
Authors: Jeandet Ribes Louise , Thomas Marion Y , Bhat Harsha S 
Published: October 2023

SUMMARYDuring the last decades, many numerical models have been developed to investigate the conditions for seismic and aseismic slip. Those models explore the behaviour of frictional faults, embedded in either elastic or inelastic media and submitted to a far field loading (seismic cycle models), or initial stresses (single dynamic rupture models). Those initial conditions impact both on-fault and off-fault dynamics. Because of the sparsity of direct measurements of fault stresses, modellers have to make assumptions about these initial conditions. To this day, Anderson’s theory is the only framework that can be used to link fault generation and reactivation to the 3-D stress field. In this work, we look at the role of the 3-D stress field in modelling a 2-D strike-slip fault under plane-strain conditions. We show that setting up an incorrect initial stress field, based on Anderson’s theory, can lead to underestimation of the damage zone width by up to a factor of six, for the studied cases. Moreover, because of the interactions between fault slip and off-fault deformation, initial stress field influences the rupture propagation. Our study emphasizes the need to set up the correct initial 3-D stress field, even in 2-D numerical simulations.
Multi-marginal Gromov–Wasserstein transport and barycentres
Authors: Beier Florian , Beinert Robert , Steidl Gabriele 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Gromov–Wasserstein (GW) distances are combinations of Gromov–Hausdorff and Wasserstein distances that allow the comparison of two different metric measure spaces (mm-spaces). Due to their invariance under measure- and distance-preserving transformations, they are well suited for many applications in graph and shape analysis. In this paper, we introduce the concept of multi-marginal GW transport between a set of mm-spaces as well as its regularized and unbalanced versions. As a special case, we discuss multi-marginal fused variants, which combine the structure information of an mm-space with label information from an additional label space. To tackle the new formulations numerically, we consider the bi-convex relaxation of the multi-marginal GW problem, which is tight in the balanced case if the cost function is conditionally negative definite. The relaxed model can be solved by an alternating minimization, where each step can be performed by a multi-marginal Sinkhorn scheme. We show relations of our multi-marginal GW problem to (unbalanced, fused) GW barycentres and present various numerical results, which indicate the potential of the concept.
Parameter inversion of the diffusive–viscous wave equation based on Gaussian process regression
Authors: Bai Zhaowei , Zhao Haixia , Wang Shaoru 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The diffusive–viscous wave (DVW) equation is used to characterize the relationship between frequency-dependent seismic responses and saturated fluids by incorporating the frictional dissipation and viscous damping to the scalar wave equation. Simultaneous inversion of three model parameters in DVW equation is essential for seismic interpretations. Traditional inversion methods require continuous forward-modeling updates, resulting in low computational efficiency. Moreover, the traditional methods have limitations in simultaneously inverting multi-parameters of wave equations such as the DVW equation, usually fixing one parameter to invert the other two parameters. Gaussian process regression (GPR) is a kernel-based non-parametric probabilistic model that introduces prior variables through Gaussian processes (GP). We present a method for the inversion of the three parameters (velocity, diffusive and viscous attenuation coefficients) of the DVW equation based on GPR. The procedure consists of initially implementing the central finite difference approximation to discretize the DVW equation in the time domain. Subsequently, a Gaussian prior is provided on two snapshots of the DVW equation to obtain the corresponding kernel functions. Furthermore, the hyperparameters in kernel functions and the three model parameters are simultaneously trained by minimizing the negative logarithmic marginal likelihood with few training samples while incorporating the underlying physics in terms of encoding the DVW equation into the kernel functions. It is worth noting that it is the first time of implementing three-parameter simultaneous inversion based on the DVW equation. The numerical examples in homogeneous, layered and heterogeneous media demonstrate the effectiveness of this method.
Colorado tick fever virus: a review of historical literature and research emphasis for a modern era
Authors: Harris Emma K , Foy Brian D , Ebel Gregory D 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Colorado tick fever virus is an understudied tick-borne virus of medical importance that is primarily transmitted in the western United States and southwestern Canada. The virus is the type species of the genus Coltivirus (Spinareoviridae) and consists of 12 segments that remain largely uncharacterized. Patterns of viral distribution are driven by the presence of the primary vector, the Rocky Mountain wood tick, Dermacentor andersoni. Infection prevalence in D. andersoni can range from 3% to 58% across the geographic distribution of the tick. Infection in humans can be severe and often presents with fever relapses but is rarely fatal. Here, we review the literature from primary characterizations in the early 20th century to current virus/vector research being conducted and identify vacancies in current research.
Culicoides-borne Orbivirus epidemiology in a changing climate
Authors: Hudson Amy R , McGregor Bethany L , Shults Phillip , England Marion , Silbernagel Constance , Mayo Christie , Carpenter Molly , Sherman Tyler J , Cohnstaedt Lee W 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Orbiviruses are of significant importance to the health of wildlife and domestic animals worldwide; the major orbiviruses transmitted by multiple biting midge (Culicoides) species include bluetongue virus, epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus, and African horse sickness virus. The viruses, insect vectors, and hosts are anticipated to be impacted by global climate change, altering established Orbivirus epidemiology. Changes in global climate have the potential to alter the vector competence and extrinsic incubation period of certain biting midge species, affect local and long-distance dispersal dynamics, lead to range expansion in the geographic distribution of vector species, and increase transmission period duration (earlier spring onset and later fall transmission). If transmission intensity is associated with weather anomalies such as droughts and wind speeds, there may be changes in the number of outbreaks and periods between outbreaks for some regions. Warmer temperatures and changing climates may impact the viral genome by facilitating reassortment and through the emergence of novel viral mutations. As the climate changes, Orbivirus epidemiology will be inextricably altered as has been seen with recent outbreaks of bluetongue, epizootic hemorrhagic disease, and African horse sickness outside of endemic areas, and requires interdisciplinary teams and approaches to assess and mitigate future outbreak threats.
Use of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors is not associated with ocular adverse events
Authors: Belladelli Federico , Li Shufeng , Zhang Chiyuan A , Muncey Wade , Del Giudice Francesco , Glover Frank , Seranio Nicolas , Basran Satvir , Fallara Giuseppe , Montorsi Francesco , Salonia Andrea , Eisenberg Michael L 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor (PDE5i) use has been linked to a number of ocular side effects, such as serous retinal detachment (SRD), retinal vascular occlusion (RVO), and ischemic optic neuropathy (ION).

Aim
We investigated the risk for SRD, RVO, and ION in patients using PDE5is.

Methods
We utilized the IBM MarketScan (2007-2021) Commercial and Medicare Supplemental Databases (version 2.0) for this analysis. To estimate overall events risk, Cox proportional hazard models were applied to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) for erectile dysfunction (ED) diagnosis and the different treatments, adjusting for region, median age, obesity, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, smoking, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and sleep apnea. Additionally, the same analyses were performed to calculate the HRs for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) diagnosis and the different treatments.

Outcomes
HRs for SRD, RVO, and ION.

Results
In total, 1 938 262 men with an ED diagnosis were observed during the study period. Among them, 615 838 (31.8%) were treated with PDE5is. In total, 2 175 439 men with a BPH diagnosis were observed during the study period. Among them, 175 725 (8.1%) were treated with PDE5is. On adjusted Cox regression analysis, PDE5i use was not associated with SRD, RVO, ION, and any ocular event when compared with ED diagnosis and other ED treatments. Importantly, as the intensity of ED treatment increased, so did the risk of ocular events. In addition, PDE5i use was not associated with SRD and ION when compared with BPH diagnosis and other BPH treatments. In contrast, in patients with BPH, PDE5i use was associated with RVO (HR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.06-1.23). Importantly, patients with BPH receiving other medical treatment (ie, 5a reductase/alpha blocker; HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.06-1.16) or surgical treatment (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.02-1.19) had a higher risk of RVO.

Clinical Implications
We did not observe any consistent association between PDE5i use and any ocular adverse events (SRD, RVO, and ION).

Strengths and Limitations
Because we did not have access to the patients’ medical records, we recorded outcome definitions using ICD-9 and ICD-10 coding.

Conclusions
Patients using PDE5is for ED or BPH indications did not have an increased risk of ocular events, even when compared with other treatments for ED or BPH.
When two negatives make a positive: the favorable impact of the combination of abiotic stress and pathogen infection on plants
Authors: Pandey Prachi , Patil Mahesh , Priya Piyush , Senthil-Kumar Muthappa 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Combined abiotic and biotic stresses modify plant defense signaling, leading to either the activation or suppression of defense responses. Although the majority of combined abiotic and biotic stresses reduce plant fitness, certain abiotic stresses reduce the severity of pathogen infection in plants. Remarkably, certain pathogens also improve the tolerance of some plants to a few abiotic stresses. While considerable research focuses on the detrimental impact of combined stresses on plants, the upside of combined stress remains hidden. This review succinctly discusses the interactions between abiotic stresses and pathogen infection that benefit plant fitness. Various factors that govern the positive influence of combined abiotic stress and pathogen infection on plant performance are also discussed. In addition, we provide a brief overview of the role of pathogens, mainly viruses, in improving plant responses to abiotic stresses. We further highlight the critical nodes in defense signaling that guide plant responses during abiotic stress towards enhanced resistance to pathogens. Studies on antagonistic interactions between abiotic and biotic stressors can uncover candidates in host plant defense that may shield plants from combined stresses.
Systematic Literature Review of Risk Factors for Poor Outcomes Among Adults With Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in High-Income Countries
Authors: Njue Annete , Nuabor Weyinmi , Lyall Matthew , Margulis Andrea , Mauskopf Josephine , Curcio Daniel , Kurosky Samantha , Gessner Bradford D , Begier Elizabeth 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Identification of risk factors for severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease in adults could facilitate their appropriate vaccine recommendations. We conducted a systematic literature review (last 10 years in PubMed/Embase) to identify quantitative estimates of risk factors for severe RSV infection outcomes in high-income countries. Severe outcomes from RSV infection included hospitalization, excess mortality, lower respiratory tract infection, or a composite measure: severe RSV, which included these outcomes and others, such as mechanical ventilation and extended hospital stay. Among 1494 articles screened, 26 met eligibility criteria. We found strong evidence that the following increased the risk of severe outcomes: age, preexisting comorbid conditions (eg, cardiac, pulmonary, and immunocompromising diseases, as well as diabetes and kidney disease), and living conditions (socioeconomic status and nursing home residence). The frequency of severe outcomes among younger adults with comorbidities was generally similar to that experienced by older adults, suggesting that immunosenescence and chronic conditions are both contributing factors for elevated risk.

Trial registration
PROSPERO (CRD42022315239).
Loss to Follow-up and Death Among Individuals With Newly Diagnosed Human Immunodeficiency Virus Receiving Dolutegravir-Based First-Line Antiretroviral Treatment in Eastern Ethiopia: Implications for 95% United Nations Targets
Authors: Gemechu Abdella , Mihret Adane , Aseffa Abraham , Howe Rawleigh , Seyoum Berhanu , Mulu Andargachew 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Loss to follow-up (LTFU) and death are unfavorable outcomes of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment. This study aimed to identify the predictors of LTFU and death among individuals with newly diagnosed HIV receiving dolutegravir (DTG)–based first-line antiretroviral treatment (ART) in eastern Ethiopia.

Methods
A multisite prospective cohort study was carried out between October 2020 and July 2022. New case patients who started ART were enrolled consecutively and then followed up for the next 6 months. A structured questionnaire and checklists were used to collect data. HIV viral load was determined using the Abbott RealTime HIV-1 assay. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify baseline factors associated with the outcomes.

Results
A total of 235 people with newly diagnosed HIV were enrolled; 16.6% (95% confidence interval, 12.3%–21.9%) were lost to follow-up, and 5.9% (3.5%–9.8%) died within 6 months of follow-up. Baseline World Health Organization clinical stage I (adjusted odds ratio, 3.93 [95% confidence interval, 1.34–11.57]), low viral load (3.67 [1.09–12.36]), and body weight (1.04 [1.01–1.07]) were predictors of LTFU, whereas nonfunctional status (10.02 [1.9–51.3]) was the only factor associated with death.

Conclusions
LTFU and death rates among patients with DTG were relatively high, accounting for roughly a quarter of the attrition of people with newly diagnosed HIV from ART care and services. Thus, targeted interventions are required to reduce LTFU and death among individuals with HIV on ART. Further investigation is necessary to evaluate the long-term effects of DTG-based regimens on LTFU and its impact on HIV mortality rates, and qualitative research, specifically tracing LTFU, is recommended.