bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Avacopan for ANCA-associated vasculitis with hypoxic pulmonary haemorrhage
Authors: Chalkia Aglaia , Flossmann Oliver , Jones Rachel , Nair Jagdish Ramachandran , Simpson Thomas , Smith Rona , Willcocks Lisa , Jayne David 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Pulmonary haemorrhage with hypoxia caused by anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) has a high early mortality. Avacopan, an oral C5a receptor antagonist, is an approved treatment for AAV, but patients with pulmonary haemorrhage requiring invasive pulmonary ventilation support were excluded from the Avacopan for the Treatment of ANCA-Associated Vasculitis (ADVOCATE) Trial.

Methods
A retrospective, observational, multicentre case series of AAV patients with hypoxic pulmonary haemorrhage, requiring oxygen support or mechanical ventilation, who received avacopan.

Results
Eight patients (62.5% female), median age 64 years (range 17–80), seven with kidney involvement, median estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 11 (range 5–99) mL/min/1.73 m2, were followed for a median of 6 months from presentation. Seven were newly diagnosed (87.5%), five were myeloperoxidase-ANCA and three proteinase 3-ANCA positive. All had hypoxia, four requiring mechanical ventilation (three invasive and one non-invasive). Intensive care unit (ICU) stay for the four patients lasted a median of 9 days (range 6–60). Four received rituximab and cyclophosphamide combination, three rituximab and one cyclophosphamide. Four underwent plasma exchange and one received 2 months of daily extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy. Following the initiation of avacopan after a median of 10 days (range 2–40), pulmonary haemorrhage resolved in all patients, even the two who had 1 month of refractory pulmonary haemorrhage prior to avacopan. Additionally, after 1 month, the median prednisolone dose was 5 mg/day (range 0–50), with three patients successfully discontinuing steroid use. Two patients suffered serious infections, two discontinued avacopan, one permanently due to a rash and one temporarily after 3 months due to neutropenia. All patients survived and no re-hospitalization occurred.

Conclusion
We report the use of avacopan as a component of the treatment for pulmonary haemorrhage with hypoxia in AAV. Despite the life-threatening presentations all patients recovered, but attribution of the positive outcomes to avacopan is limited by the concomitant therapies and retrospective observational design.
Sparsentan is superior to losartan in the gddY mouse model of IgA nephropathy
Authors: Nagasawa Hajime , Ueda Seiji , Suzuki Hitoshi , Jenkinson Celia , Fukao Yusuke , Nakayama Maiko , Otsuka Tomoyuki , Okuma Teruyuki , Clapper Wilmelenne , Liu Kai , Nguyen Mai , Komers Radko , Suzuki Yusuke 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
The mechanism leading to the development of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) remains to be completely understood. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) as well as angiotensin II (AngII) promote glomerular injury, tubulointerstitial inflammation and fibrosis leading to chronic kidney disease. Sparsentan, a dual endothelin angiotensin receptor antagonist, recently received accelerated approval in the USA for the reduction of proteinuria in adults with IgAN at high risk of disease progression. To elucidate the mechanisms by which sparsentan is efficacious in IgAN, we examined the effect of treatment in gddY mice, a spontaneous IgAN mouse model, versus the monoselective angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) antagonist, losartan, on the development of renal injury at doses resulting in similar blood pressure lowering.

Methods
Four-week-old gddY mice were given control chow, chow containing sparsentan or drinking water containing losartan until 12 or 20 weeks old.

Results
Remarkably, the albumin:creatine ratio (ACR) was attenuated more rapidly and to a greater extent in mice treated with sparsentan than those treated with losartan. The decrease in ACR from baseline after 4 weeks of treatment correlated with beneficial effects of sparsentan on glomerulosclerosis and protection of podocytes and glycocalyx after 16 weeks of treatment across treatment groups; thus, sparsentan treatment delayed development of renal injury to a greater extent than losartan. Expression of mRNA for ET-1, endothelin type A receptor and AT1R and proinflammatory genes was upregulated in 12-week-old gddY mice and was prevented by sparsentan and losartan to a comparable extent.

Conclusions
The results of this study, and in light of the results of the phase 3 PROTECT trial, provide a novel perspective and understanding of the mechanisms by which sparsentan has a beneficial renoprotective effect against IgAN compared with AT1R antagonism alone.
Bioprinting of inorganic-biomaterial/neural-stem-cell constructs for multiple tissue regeneration and functional recovery
Authors: Zhang Hongjian , Qin Chen , Shi Zhe , Xue Jianmin , Hao Jianxin , Huang Jinzhou , Du Lin , Lu Hongxu , Wu Chengtie 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Tissue regeneration is a complicated process that relies on the coordinated effort of the nervous, vascular and immune systems. While the nervous system plays a crucial role in tissue regeneration, current tissue engineering approaches mainly focus on restoring the function of injury-related cells, neglecting the guidance provided by nerves. This has led to unsatisfactory therapeutic outcomes. Herein, we propose a new generation of engineered neural constructs from the perspective of neural induction, which offers a versatile platform for promoting multiple tissue regeneration. Specifically, neural constructs consist of inorganic biomaterials and neural stem cells (NSCs), where the inorganic biomaterials endows NSCs with enhanced biological activities including proliferation and neural differentiation. Through animal experiments, we show the effectiveness of neural constructs in repairing central nervous system injuries with function recovery. More importantly, neural constructs also stimulate osteogenesis, angiogenesis and neuromuscular junction formation, thus promoting the regeneration of bone and skeletal muscle, exhibiting its versatile therapeutic performance. These findings suggest that the inorganic-biomaterial/NSC-based neural platform represents a promising avenue for inducing the regeneration and function recovery of varying tissues and organs.
Final 192-Week Efficacy and Safety Results of the ADVANCE Trial, Comparing 3 First-line Antiretroviral Regimens
Authors: Sokhela Simiso , Venter Willem D F , Bosch Bronwyn , Woods Joana , McCann Kaitlyn , Akpomiemie Godspower , Chandiwana Nomathemba , Mashabane Nkuli , Tembo Angela , Simmons Bryony , Lalla-Edward Samanta , Siedner Mark J , Sinxadi Phumla , Hermans Lucas , Fairlie Lee , Vos Alinda , Abrams Elaine , Manne-Goehler Jennifer M , Moorhouse Michelle , Clayden Polly , Norris Shane , Qavi Ambar , Chersich Matthew , Masenya Masebole , Arulappan Natasha , Hill Andrew 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
ADVANCE compared 3 World Health Organization–recommended first-line regimens in participants with HIV who were antiretroviral naive.

Methods
This randomized, open-label, noninferiority trial enrolled participants living with HIV with no antiretroviral exposure in the previous 6 months to 1 of the following arms: tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) / emtricitabine (FTC) + dolutegravir (DTG) (2 tablets), tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) / FTC + DTG (2 tablets), or a fixed-dose combination of TDF / FTC / efavirenz (EFV) (1 tablet). We report the final safety and efficacy data up to 192 weeks.

Results
Repeat consent from the original 351 participants randomized to each arm was obtained from 230 participants (66%) in the TAF/FTC + DTG arm, 209 (60%) in the TDF/FTC + DTG arm, and 183 (52%) in the TDF/FTC/EFV arm. At 192 weeks, 213 (61%) of the original 351 participants in the TAF/FTC + DTG arm, 195 (56%) in the TDF/FTC + DTG arm, and 172 (49%) in the TDF/FTC/EFV arm had confirmed RNA &lt;50 copies/mL, with low virologic failure in all groups and no significant integrase inhibitor mutations in any arm. Mean weight gain was 8.9 kg (SD, 7.1) in the TAF/FTC + DTG arm, 5.9 kg (SD, 7.1) in the TDF/FTC + DTG arm, and 3.2 kg (SD, 8.1) in the TDF/FTC/EFV arm at 192 weeks from baseline and was greatest among women, those taking TAF, and those with lower baseline CD4 counts. The weight trajectory slowed after week 96. There were few clinical events and minor laboratory changes and differences among arms after 96 weeks. There were no significant differences in treatment-emergent hypertension or pregnancy outcomes by arm.

Conclusions
High viral suppression was seen across arms, with no resistance to DTG. Weight gain continued but slowed after 96 weeks, with few clinical events or laboratory changes.
Social prescribing: Moving pediatric care upstream to improve child health and wellbeing and address child health inequities
Authors: Muhl Caitlin , Bennett Susan , Fragman Stéphanie , Racine Nicole 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Social prescribing is a means for trusted individuals in clinical and community settings to connect people who have non-medical, health-related social needs to non-clinical supports and services within the community through a non-medical prescription. Evaluations of social prescribing programs for the pediatric population have demonstrated statistically significant improvements in participants’ mental, physical, and social wellbeing and reductions in healthcare demand and costs. Experts have pointed to the particularly powerful impact of social prescribing on children’s mental health, suggesting that it may help to alleviate the strain on the overburdened mental health system. Social prescribing shows promise as a tool to move pediatric care upstream by addressing non-medical, health-related social needs, hence why there is an urgent need to direct more attention towards the pediatric population in social prescribing research, policy, and practice. This demands rapid action by researchers, policymakers, and child health professionals to support advancements in this area.
ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5a modulates FLOWERING LOCUS T2 and gibberellin levels to control dormancy and bud break in poplar
Authors: Gao Yongfeng , Chen Zihao , Feng Qian , Long Tao , Ding Jihua , Shu Peng , Deng Heng , Yu Peizhi , Tan Wenrong , Liu Siqin , Rodriguez Lucas Gutierrez , Wang Lijun , Resco de Dios Víctor , Yao Yinan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Photoperiod is a crucial environmental cue for phenological responses, including growth cessation and winter dormancy in perennial woody plants. Two regulatory modules within the photoperiod pathway explain bud dormancy induction in poplar (Populus spp.): the circadian oscillator LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 2 (LHY2) and GIGANTEA-like genes (GIs) both regulate the key target for winter dormancy induction FLOWERING LOCUS T2 (FT2). However, modification of LHY2 and GIs cannot completely prevent growth cessation and bud set under short-day (SD) conditions, indicating that additional regulatory modules are likely involved. We identified PtoHY5a, an orthologs of the photomorphogenesis regulatory factor ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) in poplar (Populus tomentosa), that directly activates PtoFT2 expression and represses the circadian oscillation of LHY2, indirectly activating PtoFT2 expression. Thus, PtoHY5a suppresses SD-induced growth cessation and bud set. Accordingly, PtoHY5a knockout facilitates dormancy induction. PtoHY5a also inhibits bud-break in poplar by controlling gibberellic acid (GA) levels in apical buds. Additionally, PtoHY5a regulates the photoperiodic control of seasonal growth downstream of phytochrome PHYB2. Thus, PtoHY5a modulates seasonal growth in poplar by regulating the PtoPHYB2–PtoHY5a–PtoFT2 module to determine the onset of winter dormancy, and by fine-tuning GA levels to control bud-break.
Arabidopsis leucine-rich repeat malectin receptor–like kinases regulate pollen–stigma interactions
Authors: Lee Hyun Kyung , Canales Sanchez Laura E , Bordeleau Stephen J , Goring Daphne R 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Flowering plants contain tightly controlled pollen–pistil interactions required for promoting intraspecific fertilization and preventing interspecific hybridizations. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), several receptor kinases (RKs) are known to regulate the later stages of intraspecific pollen tube growth and ovular reception in the pistil, but less is known about RK regulation of the earlier stages. The Arabidopsis RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE IN FLOWERS1 (RKF1)/RKF1-LIKE (RKFL) 1-3 cluster of 4 leucine-rich repeat malectin (LRR-MAL) RKs was previously found to function in the stigma to promote intraspecific pollen hydration. In this study, we tested additional combinations of up to 7 Arabidopsis LRR-MAL RK knockout mutants, including RKF1, RKFL1-3, LysM RLK1-INTERACTING KINASE1, REMORIN-INTERACTING RECEPTOR1, and NEMATODE-INDUCED LRR-RLK2. These LRR-MAL RKs were discovered to function in the female stigma to support intraspecific Arabidopsis pollen tube growth and to establish a prezygotic interspecific barrier against Capsella rubella pollen. Thus, this study uncovered additional biological functions for this poorly understood group of RKs in regulating the early stages of Arabidopsis sexual reproduction.
Efficacy of topical curcumin on mild to moderate carpal tunnel syndrome: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Sharifi Razavi Athena , Mohajerani Fatemeh , Niksolat Fatemeh , Karimi Narges 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Recently, there has been a renewed interest in traditional medicine for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Curcumin has been reported as an agent with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and neuroprotective attributes. This study is one of the first investigations to assess the effect of curcumin gel on CTS.

Methods
This study is a prospective, 8-week, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical trial. A total of 70 patients with CTS were analyzed. The intervention group (n = 35) received a topical curcumin gel and a night wrist splint and the control group (n = 35) received a placebo gel and a night wrist splint for 8 weeks. The primary outcome was the assessment of the symptom severity scale (SSS) and functional status scale (FSS) of the participants using the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) after 8 weeks. In addition, all participants were evaluated by electrodiagnostic (EDX) test at baseline and after 8 weeks.

Results
The mean scores of SSS demonstrated a significant decrease in the curcumin group compared to the placebo group; P-value= 0.021. The mean change score of SSS after the intervention was 12.45 ± 8.18 in curcumin and 3.28 ± 7.06 in the placebo group; P-value = 0.0001 and the mean change score of FSS were 6.24 ± 4.91 and 2.31 ± 4.95 in curcumin and placebo groups, respectively; P-value = 0.002. However, the EDX study showed no significant changes in both groups.

Conclusions
It seems that curcumin gel could be effective in the improvement of the symptom severity and daily activity of patients with CTS.
Biphasic effects of cannabis and cannabinoid therapy on pain severity, anxiety, and sleep disturbance: a scoping review
Authors: Shustorovich Alexander , Corroon Jamie , Wallace Mark S , Sexton Michelle 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Cannabinoids are being used by patients to help with chronic pain management and to address the 2 primary chronic pain comorbidities of anxiety and sleep disturbance. It is necessary to understand the biphasic effects of cannabinoids to improve treatment of this symptom triad.

Methods
A scoping review was conducted to identify whether biphasic effects of cannabinoids on pain severity, anxiolysis, and sleep disturbance have been reported. The search included the Embase, Biosis, and Medline databases of clinical literature published between 1970 and 2021. The inclusion criteria were (1) adults more than 18 years of age, (2) data or discussion of dose effects associated with U-shaped or linear dose responses, and (3) measurements of pain and/or anxiety and/or sleep disturbance. Data were extracted by 2 independent reviewers (with a third reviewer used as a tiebreaker) and subjected to a thematic analysis.

Results
After the database search and study eligibility assessment, 44 publications met the final criteria for review. Eighteen publications that specifically provided information on dose response were included in the final synthesis: 9 related to pain outcomes, 7 measuring anxiety, and 2 reporting sleep effects.

Conclusions
This scoping review reports on biphasic effects of cannabinoids related to pain, sleep, and anxiety. Dose–response relationships are present, but we found gaps in the current literature with regard to biphasic effects of cannabinoids in humans. There is a lack of prospective research in humans exploring this specific relationship.
Efficiency of research in various fields: Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Hermanu Adhi Indra , Sari Diana , Muzakir Muhammad Athar Ismail , Aliyanti Kurnia 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This research was carried out to analyze the efficiency of research in Indonesian universities and explore performance differences between knowledge areas. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was used to evaluate the efficiency based on the data of 47 universities in the Mandiri cluster between 2014 and 2018 and 11 research fields including 10 National Research Priority in Indonesia and one field of mathematics and natural sciences. For this assessment, a total of two inputs and five different outputs were defined. The results showed that the maritime sector consistently had an efficiency value below 1. In addition, the variable, number of employees had more influence on the efficiency value than budget. A significant degree of variety was observed in the difference between the lowest and highest efficiency for each research subject at the Decision-Making Unit (DMU) level.
Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improve Lung Function in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Rat Model Through Regulating Lung Microbiota
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Hu Ting , Yu Xinjuan , Wang Tianying , Jiang Lei , Sun Lixin , Han Wei 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
The use of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) has shown promise in improving the pathophysiological characteristics of rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, more research is needed to understand the exact mechanism behind their therapeutic effects and their impact on lung microbiota.

Methods
To investigate this, rats were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups: Control, COPD + vehicle, and COPD + UC-MSCs group. Lung function changes after UC-MSCs therapy were evaluated weekly for 6 weeks. Additionally, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), TNF (tumor necrosis factor)-α, IL (interleukin)-6, and IL-1β level in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were analyzed. Arterial blood gas and weight were recorded. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was used to examine lung pathology, while changes in the lung microbiota were evaluated through 16S rRNA sequencing.

Results
The administration of UC-MSCs in rats led to a progressive amelioration of COPD, as demonstrated by enhanced lung function and reduced inflammatory response. UC-MSCs treatment significantly altered the structure and diversity of the lung microbiota, effectively preventing microbiota dysbiosis. This was achieved by increasing the abundance of Bacteroidetes and reducing the levels of Proteobacteria. Additionally, treatment with UC-MSCs reduced the activation of pathways associated with COPD, including microbial metabolism, ABC transporters, and Quorum sensing. The group of UC-MSCs showed increased metabolic pathways, such as amino acid biosynthesis, purine metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, compared to the COPD group.

Conclusions
The use of UC-MSCs was found to reduce inflammation and improve lung function in rats with COPD. The mechanism may be related to the lung microbiota, as UC-MSCs improved the communities of lung microbiota and regulated dysregulated metabolic pathways.
Blunt cardiac injury in the hemodynamically stable patient
Authors: Calzone Mollie R. , Grossman Michael D. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Blunt cardiac injury (BCI) describes a spectrum of problems including severe, potentially life-threatening injuries from trauma. Pericardial effusion is an example of a BCI that has generally been assumed to imply serious underlying injury to the heart and should be considered hemopericardium until proven otherwise. A standard of care has been established to screen for BCI and treat hemodynamically unstable patients with an acute pericardial effusion presumably related to BCI. Less agreement exists on definitive treatment for hemodynamically stable patients with pericardial effusion after blunt cardiac trauma. This case study explores a new treatment for small to moderate hemopericardium in a stable patient after BCI.
Sesame seed allergy
Authors: Cockerell Kimber L. , Sawyer Brandi M. , Thornton Kendra 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
In the US, sesame was recognized as the ninth major food allergen in 2021, underscoring the importance of updated allergen labeling to facilitate effective prevention plans and anaphylaxis response. This article discusses the prevalence of sesame seed allergy among children in the US and outlines strategies for nurses to understand the assessment, treatment, and education of patients regarding this allergen.
Obesity bias awareness decreases nursing students' bias toward patients with obesity
Authors: Dunham Marguerite 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
To determine if obesity bias scores among nursing students changed after education was delivered and to what degree body mass index (BMI) was associated with a personal experience of bias during a student's healthcare history.

Methods:
A quantitative, quasi-experimental design was used to analyze sociodemographic information and Implicit Association Test scores of junior, senior, and full-time accelerated coursework track nursing students.

Results:
Generally, obesity bias declined among the group. However, bias increased regarding increasing BMI.

Conclusion:
Obesity bias awareness and obesity education can decrease obesity bias among nursing students.
Trends in Cardiovascular Health Counseling Among Postpartum Individuals
Authors: Cameron Natalie A. , Yee Lynn M. , Dolan Brigid M. , O’Brien Matthew J. , Greenland Philip , Khan Sadiya S. 
Published: January 2024

(Abstracted from JAMA 2023;330(4):359–367)
Cardiovascular (CV) disease is one of the leading causes of death in the United States. In particular, it has been increasing in its contribution to the deaths of women; one area of care that is critical but sometimes overlooked is CV health postpartum.
The Utility of Pelvic Ultrasounds in Adolescents Presenting to the Emergency Department With Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
Authors: Rosen Monica W. , Compton Sarah D. , Weyand Angela C. , Quint Elisabeth H. 
Published: January 2024

(Abstracted from J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2023;36:455–458)
Urgent medical intervention may be required for abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) in adolescents presenting to the emergency department (ED). Currently existing guidelines sometimes evaluate AUB first with pelvic ultrasound (PUS); even the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists defers PUS-ordering decisions to provider discretion.