bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The hybrid outcome of urban change: global city, polarized city?
Authors: Ismail Ayat 
Published: February 2024

A wide range of studies supports the assumption that levels of socio-spatial polarization, segregation, and exclusion are rising in global cities over the past decades as a direct outcome of certain global processes, such as the deindustrialization process, its associated changes in division of labor, and declined redistributive power of the welfare state. However, that assumption – known as the polarization thesis – is criticized based on several contentions, including the oversimplification of the global/local interplay by overlooking the role of local contingent factors that may modify, intensify, or reverse the expected socio-spatial outcome in individual cities. This study aims to capture the hybrid nature of the socio-spatial outcomes of global cities by proving that the complex process of restructuring of cities is a form of structural and chronological hybridity.
Through providing a solid empirical ground for investigating the general applicability of the socio-spatial polarization thesis, as well as evaluating the influence of local contexts of cities on the outcomes of urban change. The research offers a theoretical review of the multifaceted restructuring of global cities. Then, the macro trends of global economy are linked to their micro outcomes (segregation patterns within cities), through understanding the implications of cities’ economic functions on local urban policies and housing markets. Finally, the changes in socioeconomic segregation over the past decades are calculated for a large dataset of 66 global cities. The collective result of the analysis shows the downfalls of the generalized hypothesis. While the discussion of individual cities highlights certain contextual particularities, that are contributing to the production of unique socio-spatial configurations in different global cities.
Frischeregime Biopolitik im Zeitalter der kryogenen Kultur
Authors: Friedrich Alexander , Höhne Stefan 
Published: February 2024

Feeding people means producing population. Biotechnology, encompassing food production as well as assisted reproductive technology (ART), currently emerges as a most important apparatus (dispositif) of governing populations. It should be understood as a means of “biopower” because it not only contributes to reproducing life but also helps to improve and preserve it. Highly depending on refrigeration, modern biopower invents a new type of life, which is technologically self-sustained.
Therefore, sustainability is not only a question of “protecting the environment” but also of developing and maintaining an environment that allows us to dispose life: this is the cryogenic culture. In our paper, we trace the emergence and dissemination of what we call cryogenic life– meaning the ways of producing, distributing, maintaining and dispositioning organic matter via cooling, chilling and freezing. With the introduction of artificial coldness in the late 19th century and the expansion of the cold chain, these techniques have become a constitutive element of modern biopower.
Today, it seems that nearly every aspect of life is affected by cryogenic techniques: we cool our food, environments, drugs, organs, eggs, milk, semen, tissue, blood and much more. Our central argument is that these developments lead to the formation of a new form of life, which in many ways is the antipode of what Agamben calls bare life. In analysing the emergence of cryogenic culture from a biopower point of view, this study offers a new perspective on how populations are fostered and governed through regimes of freshness. While the history of chilled and frozen food slowly gains increasing attention in historical and cultural studies, the historical dynamics of the cryopolitical economy in the network society still need to be explored.
Le campagne lombarde, tessera chiave del mosaico agrario europeo
Authors: Saltini Antonio 
Published: February 2024

A comprehensive historiography of the agricultural development in continental Europe, from the medieval period until the XX century, does not exist. Indisputably, modern agriculture is essentially an outgrowth of the humid temperate regions bordering the English Channel, but English, French and German scholars were wrong to identify these regions as the only cradle of the modern agricultural revolution.
The historiography of agronomic technologies can easily underscore the importance of the Po Valley in this process because of the leading role of water in the development of a more sophisticated agriculture. In fact, drawing a connection between the grain and forage farming, which had renewed Flemish and English agriculture (but also being blessed with a warmer climate capable of exploiting the potential of the first capillary irrigation system), in the successive decades of the first Millennium, Lombard agriculture realized an amount of production that was unimaginable in Flanders, Picardy, Normandy, Holstein and Jutland, thanks to the connection between grain farming and dairy production. After having reached exceptional levels of productivity as well as predating the agricultures of the same historical period, the agriculture of the Po Valley region settled into a premature twilight.
In fact, whilst a more scientific agriculture was being born in England and France, the Italian countryside returned to a past situation with medieval characteristics. Only in XVIII century, in the Lombard countryside it was rediscovered, under the Austrian-Hungarian domination, the old prosperity founded, above all, upon traditional methods. These traditional ways were most distant from the scientific applications that were assuming the role of the “engine of progress” in other European cultivations. The agriculture of Lombardy joined this “engine of progress” only after the mid XIX century.
(In)Security Regime among African Youth: The Age and Law Curfew
Authors: Ekwealor Chinedu Thomas 
Published: February 2024

this paper purports to present the account of twin phenomena of age and constitution that anointed the relegation of African youth to the wastebasket of oppression. African youth have been studied by various scholars; and social, economic, and political statistical analyses of the youth were habitually deduced from [un]employment quotient. According to National Treasury discussion paper[1] this instrument may not be a reliable tool in either understanding insecurity regimes threatening the youth in Africa and may not suffice in championing policy course for a secured African youth. [Un]employment are only symptoms of asymmetrical laws governing many African states. The principal problems are the constitution, and age limitations respectively (Ombagi 2012). In this guide, the instrument valid for testing and indeed, observing the true condition of young Africans are: the roles of state’s constitution; and the Age Grade limitation factors. These, are critical in the development and security of the youth. George McGovern cited in Jeanette Rankin (2012) noted that he [was] fed up to the ears with old men dreaming up wars for young people to die. Two salient factors, rudimentary to youth insecurity in the region in McGovern’s assertions are the law which authorises war and the age grade legally targeted in the war. In assortment of ways, constitutions provide the basis for definition, qualification and categorisation of the youth, who in turn are the direct sufferers of numerous human and state insecurity conditions forced on them by law. Constitution, therefore, plays exclusivist roles and enables the central authority to enforce rules on, and dictate norms for the youth. Despite the need for the state to adjust its behavior to reflect the actual or anticipated preferences of all citizens through a process of policy coordination, laws deprive the youth.
Il Concetto di “Hyperobject” nella Geografia Contemporanea
Authors: Marini Andrea , Tolusso Emiliano 
Published: February 2024

The philosophical notion of Hyperobject, as proposed by Timothy Morton (2013), might be a useful tool to reframe some of the key issues in human-environment relationships. This new concept could bridge the ‘once sisters’ disciplines of philosophy and geography, proposing a new way to analyze the biggest environmental phenomena of our times. In this paper, we will define what Hyperobjects exactly are, starting with their philosophical roots and the implications for the discipline of geography: the traditional notion of “World” itself is going to be challenged. The aim of this paper is obviously not to write a complete list of every Hyperobject, but to start a catalogue of them. For this reason, to support our arguments, we will discuss some of the most evident examples of Hyperobjects, such as Global Warming, landscape, abandon and waste; an array of very different phenomena that share some common traits: they are all shaping the geographies of our time, and they all have what an object need to be considered an Hyperobject.
Lenguas en uso y procesos de identificación el caso de los descendientes de personas filipinas de Mesina
Authors: Cama Maria 
Published: February 2024

The main purpose of this work is to understand how young people of immigrant origin use different languages for communication in the reception community. These pages consider the linguistic habits of Philippine immigrant people’s descendants, living in Messina, who despite the fact they were born here or even though they have lived here most of their life, they still have the status of “foreigners”. Considering both some data submitted by national reports, – which reveal a considerable increase in the number of immigrant people’s sons and daughters in Italy –, we carry out a short analysis of the main characteristics of these minors frommigratorybackground. With reference to previous research activities, which examine important issues about the use of languages and sense of belonging to a certain community, we consider to stress the way in which the same young people from the Philippines communicate. Our aim is to know what languages do most of them speak, when, why and with whom and, above all, the explications which the same actors are able to give about their own actions.The main purpose is to study sociolinguistic integration trying to understand for which reasons the spoken languages are considered to be linked with the idea that one person can have regarding him/herself and about “the others” and if the dominance of a language can indeed affect people’s sense of identity.
La via locale alla cittadinanza globale una sfida epistemologica e politica
Authors: Lazzarini Anna 
Published: February 2024

Rethinking the concept of citizenship means understanding the historical nature of the relationship between citizenship and nation-state and going beyond the definition of a formal and legal status, such as the membership to a political system. In the global era, citizenship undergoes a process of deterritorialization that produces a fragmentation and multiplication of forms, figures and experiences. The text aims at illustrating that citizenship is a field of tensions: it is crossed by the struggles, specially concerning the violation of its borders, of individuals who are excluded or includedin a differentiated or subordinate way. These “acts of citizenship” are acts through which individuals become, make themselves citizens. At the same time, interpreting citizenship not only as a formal status, but as a space of conflict and movement, based on the extension of rights, does not mean denying its normative dimension: citizenship emerges between normative and processual dimension. Citizenship is a project in continuous construction and reconstruction, producing the possibility of access to rights. When considered as a process of political subjectivation, citizenship is a dynamic, ever-changing institution. Today, in particular, cities are the crucial space of new emerging forms of citizenship.
Malignant wound aetiology, diagnosis and management: a case series and literature review
Authors: Fang Lauren , Simman Richard , Workman Lauren , Ayoub Samar , Bratton Camille 
Published: February 2024

Objective: Malignant wounds develop when neoplastic cells invade the skin either locally or by lymphatic and haematogenous spread. They can present as hard-to-heal wounds and underlying causes include: primary skin cancer; metastasis of extracutaneous primary malignancy; malignant transformation of a hard-to-heal wound; iatrogenic injury; and cutaneous forms of cancers of non-skin origin. High clinical suspicion for a malignant wound should be confirmed with skin biopsy. The aim of this case series is to highlight a combination of both clinically clear cutaneous malignancies and not-so-obvious wounds caused by malignancy. Method: This case series examines patients with malignant wounds of varying aetiology and appearance. For each case, we explain the pathophysiology, atypical features, diagnostic approach and treatment. We also discuss types of wound biopsy and general wound management principles. Results: Among the 11 cases analysed using descriptive statistics, median wound duration before presentation at our clinic was one year, while median age at presentation was 65 years. Our case series included the following diagnoses: cutaneous metastasis of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast (n=2); cutaneous metastasis of colorectal adenocarcinoma (n=1); Marjolin's ulcer (n=1), basal cell carcinoma (BCC) (n=2), primary cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (n=1), metastatic malignant melanoma (n=1), cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (n=1), cutaneous angiosarcoma (n=1), Kaposi sarcoma (n=1) and recurrent tonsillar SCC with osteoradionecrosis (n=1); one case had both BCC and SCC. Conclusion: Punch and excisional biopsies were the most frequently used diagnostic techniques. Local wound therapy addressed bleeding, malodour, exudate, pain and infection. However, wound healing is usually achieved once the underlying malignancy is treated. In advanced or metastatic disease, palliative wound care aims to prevent exacerbation of existing wounds and focuses on patient comfort.
Vaginal symptoms in the menopause: cause, impact and treatment combination options
Authors: Brown Pearl Clark 
Published: February 2024

Vaginal changes during the menopause may cause women to present to their practice nurse. Pearl Clark Brown explains diagnosis and management. Vaginal symptoms which appear around the time of the menopause often occur as a result of declining levels of oestrogen within the epithelial tissues. Vaginal dryness, painful sex, itching, inflammation, burning and soreness are common symptoms around this time. It is thought that up to 80% of women will develop vaginal symptoms in varying degrees once menopausal. The effect that this can have on theindividual can be far reaching, impacting on normal day to day tasks such as sitting, the ability to have sex and being able to take part in exercise. Treatment options include vaginal oestrogen, non hormonal vaginal moisturisers, use of personal lubricants and emollients for washing with. Optimal relief can involve a combined treatment approach used regularly alongside a sliding scale of product use according to the severity of symptoms in response to stressors such as sex, stress or situations known to exacerbate symptoms.
SHORT AND TRANSVERSE VANCOUVER B1 FRACTURES AROUND A CEMENTED POLISHED TAPERED STEM: BEWARE!
Authors: Powell-Bowns Matilda F. R. , Martin Damien , Bowley Abbey , Moran Matthew , Clement Nick D. , Scott Chloe E. H. 
Published: February 2024

Aim of this study was to identify reoperation rates in patients with short oblique and transverse fractures around a well fixed cemented polished taper slip stem and to determine any associations with treatment failure.Retrospective cohort study of 31 patients with AO transverse or short oblique Vancouver B1 PFFs around THA (total hip arthroplasty) cemented taper slip stems: 12 male (39%); mean age 74±11.9 (range 44–91); mean BMI 28.5±1.4 (range 16–48); and median ASA 3. Patient journeys were assessed, re-interventions reviewed. The primary outcome measure was reoperation.Time from primary THA to fracture was 11.3±7.8yrs (0.5–26yrs). Primary surgical management was fixation in 27/31 and rTHA (revision total hip arthroplasty) in 4/31. 10 of 31 (32%) patients required reoperation, 9 within 2 years of fracture: 1 following rTHA and 8 following ORIF. The commonest mode of failure was non-union (n=6). No significant associations with reoperation requirement were identified. Kaplan-Meier free from reoperation was 67.4% (49.8–85.0 95% CI) at 2 years and this was unaffected by initial management with ORIF or rTHA (Log rank 0.898). Of those reoperated, 6/10 required multiple reoperations to obtain either bony union or a stable revision construct and 13% ultimately required proximal femoral endoprostheses. The relative risk of 1 year mortality was 1.6 (0.25 to 10.1 95%CI) among patients who required reoperation compared to those who did not.These are difficult fractures to manage, should not be underestimated and patients should be counselled that there is a 30% risk of reoperation and 20% of requiring multiple reoperations.
Association between systemic immune-inflammation index and chronic kidney disease: A population-based study
Authors: Li Lin , Chen Kunfei , Wen Chengping , Ma Xiaoqin , Huang Lin 
Published: February 2024

Background
Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is a new indicator of inflammation, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a connection to inflammation. However, the relationship between SII and CKD is still unsure. The aim of this study was whether there is an association between SII and CKD in the adult US population.

Methods
Data were from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 2003–2018, and multivariate logistic regression was used to explore the independent linear association between SII and CKD. Smoothing curves and threshold effect analyses were utilized to describe the nonlinear association between SII and CKD.

Results
The analysis comprised 40,660 adults in total. After adjusting for a number of factors, we found a positive association between SII and CKD [1.06 (1.04, 1.07)]. In subgroup analysis and interaction tests, this positive correlation showed differences in the age, hypertension, and diabetes strata (p for interaction<0.05), but remained constant in the sex, BMI, abdominal obesity, smoking, and alcohol consumption strata. Smoothing curve fitting revealed a non-linear positive correlation between SII and CKD. Threshold analysis revealed a saturation effect of SII at the inflection point of 2100 (1,000 cells/μl). When SII < 2100 (1,000 cells/μl), SII was an independent risk element for CKD.

Conclusions
In the adult US population, our study found a positive association between SII and CKD (inflection point: 2100). The SII can be considered a positive indicator to identify CKD promptly and guide therapy.
The role of mHealth intervention to improve maternal and child health: A provider-based qualitative study in Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Gilano Girma , Dekker Andre , Fijten Rianne 
Published: February 2024

Introduction
Maternal and child mortality remained higher in developing regions such as Southern Ethiopia due to poor maternal and child health. Technologies such as mobile applications in health may be an opportunity to reduce maternal and child mortality because they can improve access to information. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to explore the role of mHealth in improving maternal and child health in Southern Ethiopia.

Methods
This study employed a qualitative study design to explore the role of mHealth in improving maternal and child health among health professionals in Southern Ethiopia from December 2022 to March 2023. We conducted nine in-depth interviews, six key informants’ in-depth interviews, and four focused group discussions among health professionals. This is followed by thematic analyses to synthesize the collected evidence.

Results
The results are based on 226 quotations, 5 major themes, and 24 subthemes. The study participants discussed the possible acceptance of mHealth in terms of its fitness in the existing health system, its support to health professionals, and its importance in improving maternal and child health. The participants ascertained the importance of awareness creation before the implementation of mHealth among women, families, communities, and providers. They reported the importance of mHealth for mothers and health professionals and the effectiveness of mHealth services. The participants stated that the main challenges related to acceptance, awareness, negligence, readiness, and workload. However, they also suggested strategic solutions such as using family support, provider support, mothers’ forums, and community forums.

Conclusion
The evidence generated during this analysis is important information for program implementations and can inform policy-making. The planned intervention needs to introduce mHealth in Southern Ethiopia. Planners, decision-makers, and researchers can use it in mobile technology-related interventions. For challenges identified, we recommend solution-identified-based interventions and quality studies.
The prevalence of chronic pain in adolescents in Central Switzerland: A cross- sectional school-based study protocol
Authors: Schwerdt Helen , Christe Guillaume , Pate Joshua W. , Blake Catherine , Smart Keith M. 
Published: February 2024

Background
Chronic pain is associated with substantial personal suffering and societal costs and is a growing healthcare concern worldwide. While chronic pain has been extensively studied in adults, limited data exists on its prevalence and impact in adolescents. Understanding the prevalence and impact of chronic pain and pain beliefs in adolescents is crucial for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies. This study aims to estimate the prevalence, characteristics, and impact of chronic pain, and explore adolescents’ knowledge and beliefs about pain.

Methods
This is an observational cohort study of school-going adolescents aged 11 to 17 years in Central Switzerland. The study will estimate the point prevalence, characteristics (location, intensity, frequency, duration) and impact (PROMIS Pediatric Short Form v2.0 –Pain Interference Scale, PPIS) of chronic pain in school-going adolescents. We will also measure and investigate pupils’ beliefs about pain (Concept of Pain Inventory (COPI)). Data will be collected through manual and digital self-report questionnaires and from participants in primary, secondary, and high schools between September 2023 and January 2024.

Analyses
The primary analyses will utilise descriptive statistics to estimate the point prevalence, characteristics, and impact of chronic pain. Secondary analyses will analyse associations and correlations between chronic pain, impact of pain and beliefs about pain.

Outcomes
This study will provide an estimate of the prevalence, characteristics and impact of chronic pain in adolescents in Central Switzerland and a measure of adolescents’ understanding and beliefs about pain. In doing so, this study will provide insights into the scale of chronic pain as a public health concern. By understanding adolescents’ pain beliefs and their influence on pain experience, this study can contribute to the development of educational approaches to enhance adolescents’ knowledge and understanding of pain in order to optimise the prevention and treatment of chronic pain in adolescents. The findings may be useful to healthcare professionals and funders, policymakers, and researchers involved in the prevention, assessment, and treatment of pain in adolescents.