bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
We see symbols but not saviors: Women's representation and the political attitudes of working‐class women
Authors: Kweon Yesola 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHow does women's representation in politics affect working‐class women's attitudes toward political processes? Despite their increasing presence in the workforce, many women continue to concentrate in occupational sectors characterized by high economic vulnerability and low social status. This dynamic has important implications for the politics of representation. Previous studies suggest that women politicians positively affect women voters' political attitudes, but women's representation in politics is likely to have differing impacts on the political attitudes of working‐class and professional women. This study demonstrates that women's representation has a large class impact among women voters. In particular, using cross‐national data from 31 OECD countries as well as panel survey data from the British Election Study, we show that in countries with a higher degree of women's representation, there is more skepticism among women in low‐skill sectors toward voting and leadership than among those in white‐collar sectors. This is because there exist higher standards of accountability and relatability for women representatives among women voters. Given such high expectations, there is greater room for dissatisfaction among working‐class women than among their white‐collar counterparts when they constantly experience occupational segregation despite a high share of women in politics. In these settings, by contrast, women voters with high‐skill jobs are more likely to believe that voting and leadership matter, as they can better associate themselves with women political elites. Since men voters do not have strong expectations for relatability and accountability for public officeholders, the class impact of women's representation is weak among men. These findings have important implications for the symbolic representation of marginalized groups and democratic accountability.
Cliquepolitik: Multimodal online discourse coalitions on CRISPR‐Cas genome editing technology
Authors: Rojas‐Padilla Eduardo , Metze Tamara , Dewulf Art 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe influence of visualizations on decision‐making about controversial policy issues is increasingly recognized in the political and policy sciences. In this paper, we explore how combinations of visuals and text on Twitter (now X) lead to the formation of networks of actors sharing similar textual and visual framings about a policy issue in an online setting, which we conceptualize as Multimodal Online Discourse Coalitions (MODCs). MODCs struggle over the meaning of contested policy issues. We examine multiple MODCs in 2018 in the context of the regulatory decisions in that year about CRISPR‐Cas gene editing technology in the USA, Mercosur, and the EU. Based on an SNA and a qualitative visual and discursive analysis in three languages on Twitter in 2018 (covering in total ~ 427 k Tweets), we show that MODCs in English and Spanish focused on technocratic aspects of CRISPR‐Cas, resembling the regulatory decisions in the USA and Mercosur. In Europe, next to technocratic MODCs, an MODC in French formed around ethical/normative framings of the consequences of CRISPR‐Cas applications, using visuals of embryos to represent “GMO babies.” These visuals were emotional triggers in their framing of CRISPR technology. The ethical/normative framing reflected the argument brought to the CJEU by a group of French actors involved in the court case which categorized CRISPR‐Cas as a GMO technology in the EU. These results suggest that the French MODC and their visualization was of influence on the EU decision‐making process; however, more research is needed to verify the role of this online debate in the decision‐making process.
Cultural consumption and equality of access during economic downturns: The expenditure Gini coefficient for South Africa
Authors: Snowball Jen , Gouws Andre 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAn important social development goal is to broaden access, especially equality of access, to arts, culture and heritage. This paper used large, national‐level data sets to investigate the equality of access to cultural and creative goods and services in South Africa by calculating an expenditure Gini coefficient for cultural and creative industries. Results showed that the Gini coefficient of expenditure for the cultural and creative industries was higher than for spending overall and rose during the 2009 financial crisis. From 2011 to 2021, cultural expenditure inequality trended upwards, but during the pandemic, it declined, perhaps as a result of an expansion of online access.
The causal relationship between psoriasis and artificial joint re‐operation after arthroplasty: A two‐sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Liu Hongzhi , Song Xinqiu , Li Chuiqing , Zhang Hongmei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis is observationally associated with a higher risk of complications of arthroplasty; however, the causal effects of psoriasis on complications of arthroplasty are yet to be established. This study was to explore the causal effect of psoriasis on artificial joint re‐operation after arthroplasty through two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR).MethodsIn the MR analysis, psoriasis was selected as the exposure in this study while single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) were selected as the instrumental variables (IVs). Summary statistics data on artificial joint re‐operation was extracted from publicly available GWAS data, including 218 792 European descent individuals. MR analysis was performed using the standard inverse variance weighted method (IVW). Furthermore, MR Egger, weighted median, simple mode, weighted mode, and the MR‐PRESSO (Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier) test were also done to verify the results. Finally, the sensitivity analysis was executed.ResultsThe IVW showed that psoriasis increases the risk of artificial joint re‐operation (OR = 1.12; 95% CI = (1.01, 1.25); p = 0.036). This outcome was also verified by other methods including weighted median (OR = 1.16; 95% CI = (1.03, 1.31); p = 0.015), MR Egger (OR = 1.22; 95% CI = (1.03, 1.44); p = 0.038), and weighted mode (OR = 1.16; 95% CI = (1.03, 1.30); p = 0.025). No heterogeneity and directional pleiotropy were observed upon sensitivity analysis.ConclusionThe present study showed that psoriasis has a potential causal effect on artificial joint re‐operation after arthroplasty. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of causal associations between psoriasis on re‐operation.
Phylogeny and biogeography of the sharpshooters (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae)
Authors: Feng Ling , Takiya Daniela M. , Krishnankutty Sindhu M. , Dietrich Christopher H. , Zhang Yalin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSharpshooters (Cicadellinae), a large subfamily of the Cicadellidae, exhibit a global distribution and a broad array of ecological preferences. To explore the phylogenetic relationships and roles of global historical, biotic and biogeographic processes in the diversification of sharpshooters, we analysed DNA sequence data from three mitochondrial and two nuclear genes for 243 taxa representing all Cicadellinae tribes, generic groups, regional faunas and data of geographic distributions of sharpshooter species compiled from online databases and available literature. The maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) analyses strongly support the monophyletic clade including Cicadellinae and Phereurininae. Divergence time estimates and biogeographic analyses suggest that sharpshooters originated in the Neotropical region or were more widespread in Gondwana during the Early Cretaceous and diversified through a combination of ancient vicariance and dispersal following the evolution of angiosperm‐dominated habitats. The earliest divergence during the Cretaceous gave rise to Oriental and New World lineages, the latter of which subsequently dispersed into the Old World and gave rise to the diverse endemic fauna of Madagascar. The Oriental lineage shows high diversity and endemism in tropical Asia and the Pacific, with striking distributional discontinuities in Wallacea. These results suggest that a combination of environmental and evolutionary factors including continental‐scale vicariance, long‐distance dispersal and diversification of terrestrial microhabitats and host plants may explain the diversity of the modern sharpshooter fauna.
Homeless Clients' Circulation in Emergency Care: Rethinking Poverty Governance as Urban Impasse
Authors: Krüger Daniela 
Published: January 2024

AbstractStudies concerned with how local states govern the urban poor have long focused on the state's attempts to control, criminalise and exclude individuals from public spaces. Researchers recently shifted this focus; they increasingly engage with organisations and front‐line practices relating to care. Underlying these analyses is the question of how urban governance rubs off on front‐line work and conditions for the urban poor. In their research, scholars rarely study through which organisational mechanisms front‐line workers and clients encounter each other. This article addresses 112 calls issued for unhoused individuals by third parties in Urgencity, a city in Germany. It sheds light on institutional and everyday logics that regularly bring third parties, emergency care front‐line workers and marginalised clients into contact. These calls often blur boundaries of illness and poverty and care and control and result in clients' circulation in emergency care: an urban impasse for front‐line workers.
Evidence‐based approach to mitigate cumulative stress in pediatric nurses through the development of respite rooms
Authors: Beardsley Elaine , Patton Lindsey , Reynolds Chelsea , Williams Alexis , Hernandez Emily , Chen Pauline , Tidwell Jerithea 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe cumulative stress toll on nurses increased during the COVID‐19 pandemic. An evidence‐based practice (EBP) project was conducted to understand what is known about the impacts of cumulative stress within nursing and if there are ways to mitigate stress during a nurse's shift.Aim/ImplementationA project team from three clinical units completed an extensive literature review and identified the need to promote detachment while supporting parasympathetic recovery. Based on this review, leaders from three pediatric clinical units (neonatal intensive care unit, cardiovascular intensive care unit, and acute pulmonary floor) implemented respite rooms.OutcomesFollow‐up outcomes showed a statistically significant stress reduction. For all shifts combined, the Wilcoxon Signed‐Rank Test revealed that perceived stress scores from an 11‐point Likert scale (0 = no stress and 10 = maximum perceived stress) were significantly lower in the post‐respite room (Md = 3, n = 68) compared to in the pre‐respite room (Md = 6, n = 68), Z = −7.059, p < .001, with a large effect size, r = .605. Nurses and other staff frequently utilized respite rooms during shifts.Implications for PracticeClinical inquiry and evidence‐based practice processes can mitigate cumulative stress and support staff wellbeing. Respite rooms within the hospital can promote a healthy work environment among nurses and promote a self‐care culture change. Evidence‐based strategies to mitigate cumulative stress using respite rooms are a best practice to promote nurse wellbeing and mitigate cumulative stress.
Contribution of bacterial and host factors to pathogen “blooming” in a gnotobiotic mouse model for
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium-induced enterocolitis
Authors: Beutler Markus , Eberl Claudia , Garzetti Debora , Herp Simone , Münch Philipp , Ring Diana , Dolowschiak Tamas , Brugiroux Sandrine , Schiller Patrick , Hussain Saib , Basic Marijana , Bleich André , Stecher Bärbel 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Inflammation has a pronounced impact on the intestinal ecosystem by driving an expansion of facultative anaerobic bacteria at the cost of obligate anaerobic microbiota. This pathogen “blooming” is also a hallmark of enteric
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium (
S
. Tm) infection. Here, we analyzed the contribution of bacterial and host factors to
S
. Tm “blooming” in a gnotobiotic mouse model for
S
. Tm-induced enterocolitis. Mice colonized with the Oligo-Mouse-Microbiota (OMM
12
), a minimal bacterial community, develop fulminant colitis by day 4 after oral infection with wild-type
S
. Tm but not with an avirulent mutant. Inflammation leads to a pronounced reduction in overall intestinal bacterial loads, distinct microbial community shifts, and pathogen blooming (relative abundance >50%).
S
. Tm mutants attenuated in inducing gut inflammation generally elicit less pronounced microbiota shifts and reduction in total bacterial loads. In contrast,
S
. Tm mutants in nitrate respiration, salmochelin production, and ethanolamine utilization induced strong inflammation and
S
. Tm “blooming.” Therefore, individual
Salmonella
-specific inflammation-fitness factors seem to be of minor importance for competition against this minimal microbiota in the inflamed gut. Finally, we show that antibody-mediated neutrophil depletion normalized gut microbiota loads but not intestinal inflammation or microbiota shifts. This suggests that neutrophils equally reduce pathogen and commensal bacterial loads in the inflamed gut.
Bacterial pathogens in Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra-negative sputum samples of patients with presumptive tuberculosis in a high TB burden setting: a 16S rRNA analysis
Authors: Kebede Wakjira , Abebe Gemeda , De Boeck Ilke , Gudina Esayas Kebede , Cauwenberghs Eline , Lebeer Sarah , Van Rie Annelies 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

In patients with presumptive tuberculosis (TB) in whom the diagnosis of TB was excluded, understanding the bacterial etiology of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) is important for optimal patient management. A secondary analysis was performed on a cohort of 250 hospitalized patients with symptoms of TB. Bacterial DNA was extracted from sputum samples for Illumina 16S rRNA sequencing to identify bacterial species based on amplicon sequence variant level. The bacterial pathogen most likely to be responsible for the patients’ LRTI could only be identified in a minority (6.0%, 13/215) of cases based on 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing:
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
(
n
= 7),
Bordetella pertussis
(
n
= 2),
Acinetobacter baumanii
(
n
= 2), and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(
n
= 2). Other putative pathogens were present in similar proportions of Xpert Ultra-positive and Xpert Ultra-negative sputum samples. The presence of
Streptococcus
(
pseudo
)
pneumoniae
appeared to increase the odds of radiological abnormalities (aOR 2.5, 95% CI 1.12–6.16) and the presence of
S.
(
pseudo
)
pneumoniae
(aOR 5.31, 95% CI 1.29–26.6) and
Moraxella catarrhalis/nonliquefaciens
(aOR 12.1, 95% CI 2.67–72.8) increased the odds of 6-month mortality, suggesting that these pathogens might have clinical relevance.
M. pneumoniae
,
B. pertussis,
and
A. baumanii
appeared to be the possible causes of TB-like symptoms.
S.
(
pseudo
)
pneumoniae
and
M. catarrhalis
/
nonliquefaciens
also appeared of clinical relevance based on 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Further research using tools with higher discriminatory power than 16S rRNA sequencing is required to develop optimal diagnostic and treatment strategies for this population.

IMPORTANCE

The objective of this study was to identify possible bacterial lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) pathogens in hospitalized patients who were initially suspected to have TB but later tested negative using the Xpert Ultra test. Although 16S rRNA was able to identify some less common or difficult-to-culture pathogens such as
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
and
Bordetella pertussis
, one of the main findings of the study is that, in contrast to what we had hypothesized, 16S rRNA is not a method that can be used to assist in the management of patients with presumptive TB having a negative Xpert Ultra test. Even though this could be considered a negative finding, we believe it is an important finding to report as it highlights the need for further research using different approaches.
Recurrent SARS-CoV-2 mutations at Spike D796 evade antibodies from pre-Omicron convalescent and vaccinated subjects
Authors: Elko Evan A. , Mead Heather L. , Nelson Georgia A. , Zaia John A. , Ladner Jason T. , Altin John A. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) lineages of the Omicron variant rapidly became dominant in early 2022 and frequently cause human infections despite vaccination or prior infection with other variants. In addition to antibody-evading mutations in the receptor-binding domain, Omicron features amino acid mutations elsewhere in the Spike protein; however, their effects generally remain ill defined. The Spike D796Y substitution is present in all Omicron sub-variants and occurs at the same site as a mutation (D796H) selected during viral evolution in a chronically infected patient. Here, we map antibody reactivity to a linear epitope in the Spike protein overlapping position 796. We show that antibodies binding this region arise in pre-Omicron SARS-CoV-2 convalescent and vaccinated subjects but that both D796Y and D796H abrogate their binding. These results suggest that D796Y contributes to the fitness of Omicron in hosts with pre-existing immunity to other variants of SARS-CoV-2 by evading antibodies targeting this site.

IMPORTANCE
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has evolved substantially through the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: understanding the drivers and consequences of this evolution is essential for projecting the course of the pandemic and developing new countermeasures. Here, we study the immunological effects of a particular mutation present in the Spike protein of all Omicron strains and find that it prevents the efficient binding of a class of antibodies raised by pre-Omicron vaccination and infection. These findings reveal a novel consequence of a poorly understood Omicron mutation and shed light on the drivers and effects of SARS-CoV-2 evolution.
Structure and Trophic Characteristics of Zooplankton Communities of the East Siberian Sea
Authors: Flint M. V. , Arashkevich E. G. , Drits A. V. , Poyarkov S. G. , Nedospasov A. A. , Schuka T. A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractResearch on the structure and trophic characteristics of zooplankton communities of the East Siberian Sea (ESS) was performed within the program “Marine Ecosystems of the Siberian Arctic” during cruise 69 of the R/VAkademik Mstislav Keldysh. The material was collected on two quasimeridional transects conducted in the latitudinal range ~71°00′–75°30′ N from the inner shelf adjacent to the Indigirka and Kolyma outfalls to the outer shelf during September 5–9, 2017. The list of species and larger taxa, as well as their biomass and trophic characteristics, are presented, and the peculiarities of cross-shelf distribution in relation to the conditions of the pelagic environment are described. The obtained estimates of the mezoplankton biomass in the ESS are on the whole within the range typical of the rest of the Siberian Seas in summer–fall. It has been established that mezoplankton communities of the western and eastern ESS significantly differ in quantitative characteristics, the role of dominant species and taxonomic groups in biomass, grazing impact of mesoplankton on the phytoplankton biomass and production, and features of the cross-shelf distribution of these characteristics. The boundary between the communities with different structural functional characteristics is located approximately at 160°–163° E. A conclusion is made that analysis of climatic and seasonal changes in ESS mezoplankton should be examined with allowance for the principal differences between pelagic biotopes and communities of the western and eastern parts of the basin.
TREX-2-ORC Complex of D. melanogaster Participates in Nuclear Export of Histone mRNA
Authors: Kurshakova M. M. , Yakusheva Y. A. , Georgieva S. G. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The TREX-2-ORC protein complex of D. melanogaster is necessary for the export of the bulk of synthesized poly(A)-containing mRNA molecules from the nucleus to the cytoplasm through the nuclear pores. However, the role of this complex in the export of other types of RNA remains unknown. We have shown that TREX-2-ORC participates in the nuclear export of histone mRNAs: it associates with histone mRNPs, binds to histone H3 mRNA at the 3'-terminal part of the coding region, and participates in the export of histone mRNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
Which factors influence consumers’ selection of wood as a building material for houses?
Authors: Mergel Christian , Menrad Klaus , Decker Thomas 
Published: January 2024

Construction and use of buildings is one of the highest users of global energy (34%) and one of the highest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions (37%). Using wood instead of carbon-intensive materials such as bricks reduces a building's embodied energy and is a more eco-friendly alternative. Since the quota of newly built wooden houses in Germany is still relatively low, gaining insights into the perspective of consumers is crucial. This study aims to investigate factors from a consumer perspective that influence the selection of wood as the primary building material for residential houses. Therefore, an online survey was conducted in Germany to gather data from individuals ( N = 510) who either bought or built a house in the last 5 years. By conducting a logistic regression, we have identified six influencing factors for the selection of wood. Positive views on wood's eco-friendliness and emphasis on renewable materials are key factors in choosing wood. Higher age and living in rural areas also increase the likelihood of selecting wood, while concerns about value stability and durability have negative effects. We conclude that increasing information activities, raising awareness about wood's ecological benefits, and dispelling prejudices can significantly impact its selection as a preferred building material.