bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling reflected polarized light from close-in giant exoplanet WASP-96b using PolHEx (Polarization of hot exoplanets)
Authors: Chubb Katy L , Stam Daphne M , Helling Christiane , Samra Dominic , Carone Ludmila 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
We present the Polarization of Hot Exoplanets (PolHEx) code for modelling the total flux (F) and degree of linear Polarization (P) of light spectra reflected by close-in, tidally locked exoplanets. We use the output from a global climate model (GCM) combined with a kinetic cloud model of hot Jupiter WASP-96b as a base to investigate effects of atmospheric longitudinal-latitudinal inhomogeneities on these spectra. We model F and P-spectra as functions of wavelength and planet orbital phase for various model atmospheres. We find different materials and sizes of cloud particles to impact the reflected flux F, and particularly the linear Polarization state P. A range of materials are used to form inhomogeneous mixed-material cloud particles (Al2O3, Fe2O3, Fe2SiO4, FeO, Fe, Mg2SiO4, MgO, MgSiO3, SiO2, SiO, TiO2), with Fe2O3, Fe, and FeO the most strongly absorbing species. The cloud particles near the relatively cool morning terminator are expected to have smaller average sizes and a narrower size distribution than those near the warmer evening terminator, which leads to different reflected spectra at the respective orbital phases. We also find differences in the spectra of F and P as functions of orbital phase for irregularly or spherically shaped cloud particles. This work highlights the importance of including Polarization in models and future observations of the reflection spectra of exoplanets.
Connecting the escape fraction of Lyman-alpha and Lyman-continuum photons in star-forming galaxies at z ≃ 4–5
Authors: Begley R , Cullen F , McLure R J , Shapley A E , Dunlop J S , Carnall A C , McLeod D J , Donnan C T , Hamadouche M L , Stanton T M 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
We present a study of the connection between the escape fraction of Lyman-alpha ($\mathrm{Ly\, \alpha }$) and Lyman-continuum (LyC) photons within a sample of N = 152 star-forming galaxies selected from the VANDELS survey at 3.85 ≤ zspec ≤ 4.95 (〈zspec〉 = 4.36). By combining measurements of H$\, \alpha$ equivalent width $(W_{\rm {\lambda }}(\rm {H\, \alpha }))$ derived from broad-band photometry with measurements of Ly$\, \alpha$ equivalent width $(W_{\rm {\lambda }}(\rm {Ly\, \alpha }))$ from the VANDELS spectra, we individually estimate $f_{\rm {esc}}^{\rm {Ly\alpha }}$ for our full sample. In agreement with previous studies, we find a positive correlation between $W_{\rm {\lambda }}(\rm {Ly\, \alpha })$ and $f_{\rm {esc}}^{\rm {Ly\alpha }}$, with $f_{\rm {esc}}^{\rm {Ly\alpha }}$ increasing from $f_{\rm {esc}}^{\rm {Ly\alpha }}\simeq 0.04$ at $W_{\rm {\lambda }}(\rm {Ly\, \alpha })=10$ Å to $f_{\rm {esc}}^{\rm {Ly\alpha }}\simeq 0.1$ at $W_{\rm {\lambda }}(\rm {Ly\, \alpha })=25$ Å. For the first time at z ≃ 4–5, we investigate the relationship between $f_{\rm {esc}}^{\rm {Ly\alpha }}$ and $f_{\rm {esc}}^{\rm {LyC}}$ using $f_{\rm {esc}}^{\rm {LyC}}$ estimates derived using the equivalent widths of low-ionization, far-ultraviolet absorption lines in composite VANDELS spectra. Our results indicate that $f_{\rm {esc}}^{\rm {LyC}}$ rises monotonically with $f_{\rm {esc}}^{\rm {Ly\alpha }}$, following a relation of the form $f_{\rm {esc}}^{\rm {LyC}}$$\simeq 0.15^{+0.06}_{-0.04}$$f_{\rm {esc}}^{\rm {Ly\alpha }}$. Based on composite spectra of sub-samples with approximately constant Wλ(Lyα), but widely different $f_{\rm {esc}}^{\rm {Ly\alpha }}$, we demonstrate that the $f_{\rm {esc}}^{\rm {LyC}}$−$f_{\rm {esc}}^{\rm {Ly\alpha }}$correlation is not driven by a secondary correlation between $f_{\rm {esc}}^{\rm {Ly\alpha }}$ and Wλ(Lyα). The observed $f_{\rm {esc}}^{\rm {LyC}}$−$f_{\rm {esc}}^{\rm {Ly\alpha }}$ correlation is in good qualitative agreement with theoretical predictions and provides further evidence that estimates of $f_{\rm {esc}}^{\rm {LyC}}$ within the Epoch of Reionization should be based on proxies sensitive to neutral gas density/geometry and dust attenuation.
A new derivation of the Hubble constant from γ-ray attenuation using improved optical depths for the Fermi and CTA era
Authors: Domínguez A , Østergaard Kirkeberg P , Wojtak R , Saldana-Lopez A , Desai A , Primack J R , Finke J , Ajello M , Pérez-González P G , Paliya V S , Hartmann D 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
We present γ-ray optical-depth calculations from a recently published extragalactic background light (EBL) model built from multiwavelength galaxy data from the Hubble Space Telescope Cosmic Assembly Near-Infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (HST/CANDELS). CANDELS gathers one of the deepest and most complete observations of stellar and dust emissions in galaxies. This model resulted in a robust derivation of the evolving EBL spectral energy distribution up to z ∼ 6, including the far-infrared peak. Therefore, the optical depths derived from this model will be useful for determining the attenuation of γ-ray photons coming from high-redshift sources, such as those detected by the Large Area Telescope onboard the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, and for multi-TeV photons that will be detected from nearby sources by the future Cherenkov Telescope Array. From these newly calculated optical depths, we derive the cosmic γ-ray horizon and also measure the expansion rate and matter content of the Universe including an assessment of the impact of the EBL uncertainties. We find H0 = 62.4 $^{+4.1}_{-3.9}$ km s−1 Mpc−1 when fixing Ωm = 0.32, and H0 = 65.1 $^{+6.0}_{-4.9}$ km s−1 Mpc−1 and Ωm = 0.19 ± 0.08, when exploring these two parameters simultaneously.
Unveiling the white dwarf in J191213.72 − 441045.1 through ultraviolet observations
Authors: Pelisoli Ingrid , Sahu Snehalata , Lyutikov Maxim , Barkov Maxim , Gänsicke Boris T , Brink Jaco , Buckley David A H , Potter Stephen B , Schwope Axel , Ramírez S H 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
J191213.72 − 441045.1 is a binary system composed of a white dwarf and an M-dwarf in a 4.03-h orbit. It shows emission in radio, optical, and X-ray, all modulated at the white dwarf spin period of 5.3 min, as well as various orbital sideband frequencies. Like in the prototype of the class of radio-pulsing white dwarfs, AR Scorpii, the observed pulsed emission seems to be driven by the binary interaction. In this work, we present an analysis of far-ultraviolet spectra obtained with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph at the Hubble Space Telescope, in which we directly detect the white dwarf in J191213.72 − 441045.1. We find that the white dwarf has a temperature of Teff = 11485 ± 90 K and mass of 0.59 ± 0.05 M⊙. We place a tentative upper limit on the magnetic field of ≈50 MG. If the white dwarf is in thermal equilibrium, its physical parameters would imply that crystallization has not started in the core of the white dwarf. Alternatively, the effective temperature could have been affected by compressional heating, indicating a past phase of accretion. The relatively low upper limit to the magnetic field and potential lack of crystallization that could generate a strong field pose challenges to pulsar-like models for the system and give preference to propeller models with a low magnetic field. We also develop a geometric model of the binary interaction which explains many salient features of the system.
Binary planet formation through tides
Authors: Lazzoni C , Rice K , Zurlo A , Hinkley S , Desidera S 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
The search for satellites around exoplanets represents one of the greatest challenges in advancing the characterization of planetary systems. Currently, we can only detect massive satellites, which resemble additional planetary companions rather than rocky moons. It is not yet well understood whether such substellar pairs, known as binary planets, are common or how they form. In this study, we investigated the formation scenario for binary planets resulting from tidal dissipation during close encounters in the gravitational instability scenario. We conducted seven sets of simulations, varying the number of initial planets injected into the system from two to five, as well as the amount of energy lost due to tides. Our results demonstrate that this formation mechanism is quite efficient in producing binary planets, with an average occurrence rate for the simulated systems of 14.3 per cent. Additionally, we present the distribution of relevant physical parameters (semimajor axis, eccentricity, mass ratios, and formation time) for planet–planet pairs. We also provide comprehensive statistics for single planets and planet–planet pairs.
SPIRou reveals unusually strong magnetic fields of slowly rotating M dwarfs
Authors: Lehmann L T , Donati J-F , Fouqué P , Moutou C , Bellotti S , Delfosse X , Petit P , Carmona A , Morin J , Vidotto A A ,   the SLS consortium
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we study six slowly rotating mid-to-late M dwarfs (rotation period $P_{\mathrm{rot}}\approx 40-190\, \mathrm{d}$) by analysing spectropolarimetric data collected with SpectroPolarimetre InfraRouge (SPIRou) at the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope as part of the SPIRou Legacy Survey from 2019 to 2022. From ≈100–200 least-squares-deconvolved (LSD) profiles of circularly polarized spectra of each star, we confirm the stellar rotation periods of the six M dwarfs and explore their large-scale magnetic field topology and its evolution with time using both the method based on principal component analysis (PCA) proposed recently and Zeeman–Doppler imaging. All M dwarfs show large-scale field variations on the time-scale of their rotation periods, directly seen from the circularly polarized LSD profiles using the PCA method. We detect a magnetic polarity reversal for the fully convective M dwarf GJ 1151, and a possible inversion in progress for Gl 905. The four fully convective M dwarfs of our small sample (Gl 905, GJ 1289, GJ 1151, and GJ 1286) show a larger amount of temporal variations (mainly in field strength and axisymmetry) than the two partly convective ones (Gl 617B and Gl 408). Surprisingly, the six M dwarfs show large-scale field strengths in the range between 20 and 200 G similar to those of M dwarfs rotating significantly faster. Our findings imply that the large-scale fields of very slowly rotating M dwarfs are likely generated through dynamo processes operating in a different regime than those of the faster rotators that have been magnetically characterized so far.
Electroacupuncture alleviates intrauterine adhesion through regulating autophagy in rats
Authors: Liu Jingyu , Zhu Qian , Pan Yan , Hao Sainan , Wang Zhaoxian , Cui Chuting , Li Junwei , Huang Yueying , Xia Liangjun , Xu Tiancheng , Cheng Jie , Shen Jie , Xia Youbing 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Autophagy is a well-conserved metabolic system that maintains homeostasis by relying on lysosomal breakdown. The endometrium of patients with intrauterine adhesion (IUA) and an animal model exhibits impaired autophagy. Autophagy is negatively correlated with inflammation. Activation of autophagy can inhibit the inflammatory response, while defects in autophagy will activate the inflammatory response. Here, we studied whether electroacupuncture (EA) inhibits inflammation and promotes endometrial injury repair by activating endometrial autophagy. The IUA animal model was established by mechanical injury plus lipopolysaccharide infection. EA stimulation was applied to the acupoints Guanyuan (CV4), bilateral Sanyinjiao (SP6), and Zusanli (ST36). The results indicated that EA could improve endometrial morphology, attenuate endometrial fibers, and enhance endometrial receptivity in the rat. EA could increase the autophagosomes of endometrial epithelial cells, increase the levels of LC3 and Beclin1, and decrease the level of p62. Additionally, EA may also suppress the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway and reduce the release of inflammatory factors. Additionally, the effect of EA was comparable to that of the autophagy agonist rapamycin, and the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine reversed the therapeutic effect of EA. Therefore, we assume that EA may facilitate endometrial healing by activating autophagy and reducing NF-κB signal pathway-mediated inflammation.
Insomnia in patients on incident maintenance dialysis and the risk of major acute cardio-cerebrovascular events and all-cause mortality
Authors: Kim Hyung Woo , Heo Ga Young , Kim Hyo Jeong , Kang Shin-Wook , Park Jung Tak , Lee Eun 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Insomnia is a known risk factor for cardio-cerebrovascular disease in the general population; however, its effect on cardio-cerebrovascular outcomes in end-stage kidney disease patients is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between cardio-cerebrovascular outcomes and insomnia in patients who initiated maintenance dialysis.

Methods
This study used nationwide Korean health insurance claims data to analyze 79 420 patients who initiated maintenance dialysis from January 2009 to December 2017. Insomnia was defined using claim codes and sleep medication prescription data. Patients were categorized according to the presence of insomnia before and after dialysis initiation: (i) no insomnia, (ii) insomnia before dialysis only (improved insomnia), (iii) insomnia after dialysis only (developed insomnia) and (iv) insomnia in both periods (persistent insomnia). The primary and secondary outcomes were major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) and all-cause mortality, respectively. The outcome risks were estimated by Cox regression models with inverse probability of treatment weighting.

Results
The mean age was 61.4 ± 13.4 years, and 39.7% were women. During the transition period from pre-dialysis to maintenance dialysis, 13.2% experienced insomnia. The insomnia groups showed significantly higher risks for MACCE [weighted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals): developed insomnia, 1.26 (1.25–1.28); improved insomnia, 1.31 (1.29–1.33); persistent insomnia, 1.39 (1.37–1.41)] and higher all-cause mortality risks than the no insomnia group. The insomnia-related cardio-cerebrovascular disease risk elevation was more prominent in younger and male patients.

Conclusions
Insomnia may increase cardio-cerebrovascular disease and all-cause mortality risk among end-stage kidney disease patients who initiate maintenance dialysis.
Spanish-Language Tobacco-Related Posts on Twitter: Content Analysis
Authors: Allem Jon-Patrick , Rodriguez Viviana , Pattarroyo Monica , Ramirez Carla M , Beard Trista A , Soto Daniel , Donaldson Scott I , Unger Jennifer B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Twitter data have been used to surveil public sentiment about tobacco products; however, most tobacco-related Twitter research has been conducted with English-language posts. There is a gap in the literature on tobacco-related discussions on Twitter in languages other than English. This study summarized tobacco-related discussions in Spanish on Twitter.

Methods
A set of Spanish terms reflecting electronic cigarettes (eg, "cigarillos electrónicos"), cigarettes (eg, “pitillo”), and cigars (eg, “cigaro”) were identified. A content analysis of tweets (n = 1352) drawn from 2021 was performed to examine themes and sentiment. An initial codebook was developed in English then translated to Spanish and then translated back to English by a bilingual (Spanish and English) member of the research team. Two bilingual members of the research team coded the tweets into themes and sentiment.

Results
Themes in the tweets included (1) product promotion (n = 168, 12.4%), (2) health warnings (n = 161, 11.9%), (3) tobacco use (n = 136, 10.1%), (4) health benefits of vaping (n = 58, 4.3%), (5) cannabis use (n = 50, 3.7%), (6) cessation (n = 47, 3.5%), (7) addiction (n = 33, 2.4%), (8) policy (n = 27, 2.0%), and (9) polysubstance use (n = 12, 0.9%). Neutral (n = 955, 70.6%) was the most common category of sentiment observed in the data.

Conclusions
Tobacco products are discussed in multiple languages on Twitter and can be summarized by bilingual research teams. Future research should determine if Spanish-speaking individuals are frequently exposed to pro-tobacco content on social media and if such exposure increases susceptibility to use tobacco among never users or sustained use among current users.

Implications
Spanish-language pro-tobacco content exists on Twitter, which has implications for Spanish-speaking individuals who may be exposed to this content. Spanish-language pro-tobacco-related posts may help normalize tobacco use among Spanish-speaking populations. As a result, anti-tobacco tweets in Spanish may be necessary to counter areas of the online environment that can be considered pro-tobacco.
Psychological support during a pandemic: an intervention for hospital teams
Authors: Quarmby L M , Hotton M , Jenner S , Kalthoff J , Patterson E , Scholcz A , Springham E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic placed unprecedented stress on healthcare professionals and resulted in teams being scattered by shielding, working from home and redeployment. The Recovery, Readjustment and Reintegration programme (R3P) was implemented and evaluated in an acute NHS hospital Trust with the aim of supporting those staff involved.

Aims
To explore the impact of offering themed reflective sessions to staff in an acute hospital and to disseminate this learning for application in other settings and future pandemics.

Methods
During the initial recovery phase of the pandemic, all Trust staff were invited to attend an R3P where themed discussions were facilitated by psychologists. Feedback was requested pre- and post-session, and a mixed-methods design was followed to gain quantitative and qualitative information.

Results
A total of 430 staff members attended an R3P between April 2021 and January 2022. A significant majority found attendance helpful and agreed that it had provided them with the opportunity to reflect on their own and their teams’ experience of pandemic working and led them to feel more supported by their organization.

Conclusions
Finding meaning in experiences through facilitated reflective discussion can help limit the negative psychological impact of working in an acute hospital during a pandemic. Staff are likely to benefit from such opportunities in any future pandemic recovery phase.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Treatment With Antiretroviral Therapy Mitigates the High Risk of Mental Health Disorders Associated With HIV Infection in the US Population
Authors: Ba Djibril M , Risher Kathryn A , Ssentongo Paddy , Zhang Yue , Dai Qi , Liu Guodong , Maiga Mamoudou , Zhang Xuehong , Diakite Brehima , Coulibaly Souleymane dit Papa , Hou Lifang , Leslie Douglas L , Chinchilli Vernon M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Whether treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with antiretroviral therapy (ART) is associated with lower risk of mental health disorders (MHDs) among people with HIV (PWH) remains unknown. We aim to determine the association between HIV and MHDs and whether ART alters the risk of MHDs among PWH in the US adult population.

Methods
We conducted a real-world study using the Merative MarketScan claims database (2016–2020), identifying individuals with HIV (diagnosed using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification codes) and those without HIV. A multivariable stratified Cox proportional hazard regression model was conducted to examine the association of HIV treatment status with MHDs, adjusting for potential confounders. Additionally, we sought to determine the effect modification of ART on the relationship between living with HIV and MHDs.

Results
A total of 313 539 individuals, with a mean age of 44.2 (standard deviation, 11.4) years, predominantly males (81.2%), residing in the South region of the US (50.9%) were included in the present analysis. During 671 880 person-years of follow-up, 46 235 incident MHD cases occurred. In the multivariable Cox proportional hazard model, living with HIV was associated with higher risk of incident MHDs. Relative to those without HIV, the adjusted hazard ratio was 1.85 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.79–1.92; P &lt; .001) for those with HIV on treatment, and 2.70 (95% CI, 2.59–2.82; P &lt; .001) for those with HIV without any treatment. Stronger associations between HIV and MHDs were observed in men relative to women, among those aged 18–34 years relative to those aged 55–63 years, and among those with no overweight/obesity relative to obese individuals (Pinteraction &lt; .001 for all).

Conclusions
HIV was associated with an increased risk of developing MHDs. However, HIV treatment mitigated the risk.
Are Omissions Less Culpable?
Authors: Honoré Tony 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1977 Jonathan Glover published a powerful attack on the ‘acts-and-omissions doctrine’. The doctrine, in his words, holds that in certain contexts failure to perform an act, with foreseen bad consequences of that failure, is morally less bad than to perform a different act which has the identical bad consequences. Harmful omissions are sometimes less culpable than equally harmful acts. Glover denied this and other philosophers have likewise argued that, other things being equal, there is no moral difference between killing and letting die, or between positive and negative instrumentality.
On the influence of shock–cloud interactions on the nonthermal X-ray emission from the supernova remnant RCW 86
Authors: Bamba Aya , Sano Hidetoshi , Yamazaki Ryo , Vink Jacco 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The effect of the surrounding environment of supernova remnant shocks on nonthermal X-rays from accelerated electrons, with or without interacting dense material, is an open issue. We conduct spatially resolved X-ray spectroscopy of the shock–cloud interacting region of RCW 86 with XMM–Newton. It is found that bright soft X-ray filaments surround the dense cloud, observed with 12CO and H i emission lines. These filaments are brighter in thermal X-ray emission, and fainter and possibly softer in synchrotron X-rays, compared to those without interaction. Our results show that the shock decelerates due to the interaction with clouds, which results in an enhancement of thermal X-ray emission. This could possibly also explain the softer X-ray synchrotron component, because it implies that those shocks that move through a low-density environment, and therefore decelerate much less, can be more efficient accelerators. This is similar to SN 1006 and Tycho, and is in contrast to RX J1713.7−3946. This difference among remnants may be due to the clumpiness of dense material interacting with the shock, which should be examined in future observations.