bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of epidermal growth factor‐containing topical products on recovery and post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation prevention after laser surgeries: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ying Jieya , Zhang Yong , Qiu Yu , Xiang Wenzhong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundPost‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) is a common complication after laser surgeries. Recent studies applied epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the lasered area after laser surgery to decrease the incidence of PIH with controversial results. Therefore, a comprehensive literature review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to investigate the issue.MethodsTwo reviewers independently searched the literatures, extracted, and analyzed the data. A total of seven RCTs involving 169 patients were included to evaluate the efficacy of EGF on recovery and PIH prevention after laser surgery.ResultsThe results show that the incidence of PIH in the EGF group was relatively lower than that in the control group, although the difference was not statistically significant (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.33 ~ 1.25, p = 0.19). However, the EGF groups had a significant decrease in melanin index (MI) scores at the 1st month after the laser surgery when compared to the control groups (SMD −1.57, 95% CI −2.83 ~ −0.31, p = 0.01). In addition, the patients on the EGF side rated significantly higher satisfactory scores (SMD 0.49, 95% CI 0.22 ~ 0.76, p = 0.0004). There was no significant difference as regard to changes in MI at the 2nd week and 2nd month, erythema index (EI), and trans‐epidermal water loss (TEWL) at days 3 and 7 after laser therapy, respectively.ConclusionThe current meta‐analysis found a limited temporary inhibitory effect of EGF‐containing topical products on PIH with no significant effect on reducing post‐laser erythema or promoting epidermal barrier repair. More studies are needed in the future due to the small sample size and marked intergroup heterogeneities.
Improving School Environments for Preventing Sexual Violence Among LGBTQ+ Youth*
Authors: Adhia Avanti , Pugh Dylan , Lucas Ruby , Rogers Megan , Kelley Jessi , Bekemeier Betty 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSexual violence (SV) is a serious public health concern, and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and questioning (LGBTQ+) youth report higher rates than their heterosexual and cisgender peers. This qualitative study aimed to understand LGBTQ+ students' perspectives on how middle and high school environments can better prevent and address SV.METHODSIn partnership with a school‐based LGBTQ+ support group in Washington State, we recruited 31 LGTBQ+ students ages 13‐18 for virtual interviews (n = 24) and for providing text‐based answers to interview questions (n = 7). We used inductive thematic analysis to analyze data and identify themes.RESULTSTo prevent and respond to SV, students highlighted schools having: (1) access to gender‐neutral spaces; (2) LGBTQ+ competency training for staff; (3) enforcement of school policies (eg, SV, anti‐bullying) and accountability; (4) LGBTQ+‐competent mental health support; and (5) comprehensive sexual health education that addresses LGBTQ+ relationships and SV.IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH POLICY, PRACTICE, AND EQUITYStudents expressed the need for changes in school physical and social environments to address SV among LGBTQ+ youth.CONCLUSIONSIncorporating youth perspectives, particularly LGBTQ+ youth at high risk of SV, can help schools implement strategies that are supported by youth and thus potentially more sustainable and effective.
Sensory properties of thickened tomato soup enhanced with different sources of protein (whey, soy, hemp, and pea)
Authors: Amyoony Jamal , Dabas Tanvi , Gorman Mackenzie , Moss Rachael , McSweeney Matthew B. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThickened soup formulations were created with different proteins (hemp, soy, pea, and whey) to improve protein and fluid intake. The formulations consisted of a control soup, and soups with 6% whey protein, 6% hemp protein, 6% pea protein, and 6% soy protein by volume. The suitability of the samples for those living with dysphagia was evaluated using the international dysphagia diet standardization initiative (IDDSI) spoon tilt test and a sensory trial (51 older adults and 51 younger adults). The sensory trial used nine‐point hedonic scales and check‐all‐that‐apply to evaluate the different formulations. The sample with the whey addition was not significantly different than the control in terms of liking of flavor and texture, but it decreased the participants' overall liking. The hemp, pea, and soy decreased overall liking as well as liking of flavor and texture. They were associated with off‐flavors, aftertaste, and astringency. The responses from the older and younger adults were compared and significant differences were found in their liking of the texture, with the older adults finding the formulations' texture significantly more acceptable. Overall, the study identified that hemp, pea, and soy did not create acceptable thickened soup formulations and the hemp and pea formulations did not achieve a consistency level that is acceptable for those living with dysphagia.
Updated ACVIM consensus statement on leptospirosis in dogs
Authors: Sykes Jane E. , Francey Thierry , Schuller Simone , Stoddard Robyn A. , Cowgill Larry D , Moore George E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSince publication of the last consensus statement on leptospirosis in dogs, there has been revision of leptospiral taxonomy and advancements in typing methods, widespread use of new diagnostic tests and vaccines, and improved understanding of the epidemiology and pathophysiology of the disease. Leptospirosis continues to be prevalent in dogs, including in small breed dogs from urban areas, puppies as young as 11 weeks of age, geriatric dogs, dogs in rural areas, and dogs that have been inadequately vaccinated for leptospirosis (including dogs vaccinated with 2‐serovar Leptospira vaccines in some regions). In 2021, the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) Board of Regents voted to approve the topic for a revised Consensus Statement. After identification of core panelists, a multidisciplinary group of 6 experts from the fields of veterinary medicine, human medicine, and public health was assembled to vote on the recommendations using the Delphi method. A draft was presented at the 2023 ACVIM Forum, and a written draft posted on the ACVIM website for comment by the membership before submission to the editors of the Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. This revised document provides guidance for veterinary practitioners on disease in dogs as well as cats. The level of agreement among the 12 voting members (including core panelists) is provided in association with each recommendation. A denominator lower than 12 reflects abstention of ≥1 panelists either because they considered the recommendation to be outside their scope of expertise or because there was a perceived conflict of interest.
Spotted hyaena population density across habitat and land use types in southern Tanzania
Authors: Searle C. E. , Strampelli P. , Smit J. B. , Mkuburo L. , Mathews F. , Kiwango H. , Macdonald D. W. , Loveridge A. J. , Dickman A. J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAlthough the spotted hyaena (Crocuta crocuta) has been widely considered to be resilient to human disturbance, the species is now thought to be undergoing widespread population declines. Nevertheless, only a handful of population density estimates are available for the species, despite the importance of this information for informing conservation management. This is a consequence of both a lack of surveys and logistical challenges associated with processing spotted hyaena data. In this study, we collaborated with a cohort of students to process camera trap data from the Ruaha‐Rungwa landscape initially collected to estimate lion (Panthera leo) and leopard (Panthera pardus) population density. By doing so, we provide the first spatially explicit population density estimates for spotted hyaena in Tanzania, via spatially explicit capture‐recapture (SECR) modelling. We also examine the relationship between population densities of spotted hyaena, lion and leopard at each site. Spotted hyaena densities varied from 3.55 ± 0.72 adults and sub‐adults per 100 km2in a miombo (Brachystegia‐Julbernardia) woodland area of Ruaha National Park, to 10.80 ± 1.08 per 100 km2in a prey‐rich open woodland savannah habitat in Ruaha National Park, with intermediate densities recorded in Rungwa Game Reserve and MBOMIPA Wildlife Management Area. Our results suggest that spotted hyaena density is influenced by prey availability and protection, and the species may be less resilient to human pressures than widely thought. Spotted hyaena densities were generally positively correlated with densities of lion and leopard, suggesting that prey availability and anthropogenic disturbance had a greater impact than interspecific effects in shaping large carnivore densities in this system. Overall, our study provides some of the first insights into an under‐studied species in an under‐researched part of its range, while shedding light into the impact of anthropogenic versus interspecific effects in shaping population status of spotted hyaena in human‐impacted African systems.
The Africa paradox: Locating Africa in eighteenth‐century studies
Authors: Mitsein Rebekah 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article is about why Africa is overlooked in eighteenth‐century literary studies. Africa’s neglect is not merely a problem of attention. Neither the parameters of the field nor the tools of the discipline appear particularly suited for engaging Africa as anything other than an invention of the European imagination. In what follows, I seek to bring more clarity to the origins of this paradox and to contextualize some of its governing assumptions not in order to solve it but to show that having already solved it can’t and doesn’t need to be a prerequisite for scholars of eighteenth‐century literature to face it head‐on. The first section offers a brief account of how this paradox arose from the political and intellectual matrix of the mid‐twentieth century when African Studies was first institutionalized in the West. The subsequent sections highlight the way this history has shaped—both directly and indirectly—the way scholars and teachers of eighteenth‐century literature have understood Africa and their obligations to it and suggests some ways we might begin to rethink Africa’s place in the field
The Quartic Commutativity Degree of Dihedral Groups
Authors: Abdul Hamid Muhanizah , Nawi Adnin Afifi 
Published: October 2023

The combination of group theory and probability theory was used in studying the connection between the two. In recent years, probability theory has been widely used in solving several difficult problems in group theory. The commutativity degree of a group, is defined as the probability that two random elements in a group commute. In addition, there exist a generalization of commutativity degree of a group which is the -th power commutativity degree of a group and it is defined as the probability of the -th power of two random elements in a group commute. Some previous studies have been found for equal to 2 and 3 and both probabilities are called as squared commutativity degree and cubed commutativity degree respectively. In this research, the -th power commutativity degree is determined for equal to 4, called as quartic commutativity degree and some generalization formulas have been obtained. However, this research focuses only on the dihedral groups.
Genomic characterization of
Streptococcus equi
subspecies
zooepidemicus
from a 2021 outbreak in Indiana with increased sow mortality
Authors: Chen Xuhua , Mou Kathy , Lu Weili , Schumacher Loni , Resende-De-Macedo Nubia , Sitthicharoenchai Panchan , Derscheid Rachel , Burrough Eric , Li Ganwu 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Streptococcus equi
subspecies
zooepidemicus
(
S. zooepidemicus
) was reported to cause epizootic outbreaks in swine, resulting in significant economic losses in Asia in the 1970s and in North America in 2019. In February 2021, another outbreak due to
S. zooepidemicus
occurred in 2-year-old adult sows in a production system in Indiana. Whole-genome sequencing analysis of three outbreak isolates from Indiana revealed that all were genetically distant from the isolates of a strain that caused high mortality events in Ohio and Tennessee in 2019, as well as from the ATCC 35246 strain that caused outbreaks in China in the 1970s. The Indiana outbreak isolates were also distantly related to outbreak-unrelated swine isolate AZ-45470 from Arizona but closely related to an
S. zooepidemicus
equine isolate from Iowa. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that one genomic island, GI-13, was unique to the genome of a representative Indiana outbreak isolate, IN-6992. The genomic islands GI-1, GI-3, and GI-10 were also present in IN-6992 but absent from the Ohio and Tennessee outbreak isolates. In addition, the ATCC 35246-type
szM
gene and the Fic domain-containing protein gene (
bifA
) were absent from IN-6992, while present in all isolates from the Ohio and Tennessee outbreaks. Our findings have significant implications for understanding, monitoring, and developing control measures against diseases caused by
S. zooepidemicus
.

IMPORTANCE

This study highlights a
Streptococcus equi
subspecies
zooepidemicus
(
S. zooepidemicus
) strain isolated from an outbreak in Indiana, which resulted in mortality events among a swine herd in 2021. The Indiana outbreak strain was found to be genetically and phylogenetically distant to a strain isolated from the 2019 outbreaks in Ohio and Tennessee, which caused high swine mortality. We also discovered multiple unique genetic features in the Indiana outbreak strain, including distinct
S. zooepidemicus
genomic islands, and notable
S. zooepidemicus
virulence genes—many of which could serve as biomarkers for the diagnosis of this strain. These findings provide significant insights into monitoring and potentially preventing severe outbreaks caused by the Indiana outbreak strain in the future.
Mobilome-driven partitions of the resistome in
Salmonella
Authors: Jia Chenghao , Wang Zining , Huang Chenghu , Teng Lin , Zhou Haiyang , An Hongli , Liao Sihao , Liu Yuhao , Huang Linlin , Tang Biao , Yue Min 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) or mobilomes promote the mobilization and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), serving as critical drivers for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) accumulation, interaction, and persistence. However, systematic and quantitative evaluations of the role of mobilome in spreading resistome in a bacterial pathogen remain unaddressed, partially due to the lack of closed genomes. Here, we examined MGEs across 1,817
Salmonella
isolates with complete genomic sequences from 58 countries between 1911 and 2022. We found the plasmid harboring 69.8% ARGs to be the largest ARG reservoir, correlated with serovar-based evolution in most
Salmonella
lineages. Prophages, specifically RCS47 and SJ46, play a crucial role in the plasmids’ plasticity and the acquisition of ARGs. Furthermore, distinct ARG accumulation, including resistance toward last-resort antibiotics, exhibited an MGE-favored manner. Certain socioeconomic and ecological factors, as additional layers of mediators, are associated with the preferential distribution of MGE-mediated ARGs in
Salmonella
. Collectively, this study demonstrated an uncharted knowledge of the segmentation of
Salmonella
resistome driven by mobilome, elucidating dynamic drivers and distinct mediators for resistome development that are of immediate relevance for targeted interventions.

IMPORTANCE

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a significant global challenge, with an estimated 10 million deaths annually by 2050. The emergence of AMR is mainly attributed to mobile genetic elements (MGEs or mobilomes), which accelerate wide dissemination among pathogens. The interaction between mobilomes and AMR genes (or resistomes) in
Salmonella
, a primary cause of diarrheal diseases that results in over 90 million cases annually, remains poorly understood. The available fragmented or incomplete genomes remain a significant limitation in investigating the relationship between AMR and MGEs. Here, we collected the most extensive closed
Salmonella
genomes (
n
= 1,817) from various sources across 58 countries. Notably, our results demonstrate that resistome transmission between
Salmonella
lineages follows a specific pattern of MGEs and is influenced by external drivers, including certain socioeconomic factors. Therefore, targeted interventions are urgently needed to mitigate the catastrophic consequences of
Salmonella
AMR.
Cross-basin chronostratigraphic correlation of carbonate succession (Llandovery, Michigan Basin, USA) using global carbon δ13Ccarb isotope excursions
Authors: Al-Musawi Mohammed , Kuglitsch Jeffrey J. , Harrison III William B. , Voice Peter J. , Griffith Elizabeth M. , Saltzman Matthew R. , Kaczmarek Stephen E. 
Published: October 2023

Correlating shallow shelf carbonates and their deep basin equivalents is a perennial challenge in the geosciences, with wide-ranging implications. This hurdle is well illustrated in the Llandovery succession of the Michigan Basin, USA, a 40- to 265-m-thick carbonate interval represented by three lithostratigraphic units: the Cataract, the Burnt Bluff, and the Manistique groups. Although extensively studied at various localities within the basin and across the region, the chronostratigraphic relationships between these units remain unknown. The current study presents a cross-basin chronostratigraphic framework for the Llandovery succession utilizing globally documented carbon (δ13Ccarb) isotope excursions (CIEs). From 10 drill cores and three quarry sites throughout the Michigan Basin, five CIEs were identified and chronostratigraphically constrained using conodont biostratigraphy and conodont 87Sr/86Sr data. The five excursions are interpreted to be the global CIEs: the (1) Hirnantian Isotope Carbon Excursion (HICE; Hirnantian Stage), (2) Early Aeronian, (3) Late Aeronian (Aeronian Stage), (4) Valgu (Telychian Stage), and (5) Ireviken (Sheinwoodian Stage). Most importantly, the HICE and the Ireviken CIEs bracket the Llandovery strata preserved in the basin.
The new high-resolution δ13Ccarb data suggest that CIEs can be effectively used to correlate among shallow marine shelf carbonates and their deeper water equivalents. The new chronostratigraphic framework shows that CIE-based time horizons across the Michigan Basin cut across lithostratigraphic unit boundaries, which indicates that these lithostratigraphic units are diachronous in the Michigan Basin. In addition to refining the stratigraphy of the Llandovery succession of the Michigan Basin, particularly the timing of various key sedimentary deposits, the new chronostratigraphic framework can be used to: (1) constrain the timing of various regional tectonic phenomena, (2) identify multiple tectonically driven siliciclastic sediment pulses in the basin, and (3) predict various stratal relationships that may result in previously unknown stratigraphic traps and, therefore, new hydrocarbon plays within the basin. The results of the current study also show that δ13Ccarb trends across the shelf-to-basin transect are spatially and temporally variable and do not match those reported in Modern carbonate settings, which possibly suggests that such δ13Ccarb trends, to some extent, reflect variations in water circulation and water mass heterogeneity during deposition.
Total Collision with Slow Convergence to a Degenerate Central Configuration
Authors: Moeckel Richard 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFor total collision solutions of the $$n$$-body problem, Chazy showed that the overall size of the configuration converges to zero with asymptotic rate proportional to $$|T-t|^{\frac{2}{3}}$$ where $$T$$ is the
collision time. He also showed that the shape of the configuration converges to the set of
central configurations. If the limiting central configuration is nondegenerate, the rate of convergence of the shape is of order $$O(|T-t|^{p})$$ for some $$p>0$$. Here we show by example that in the planar four-body
problem there exist total collision solutions whose shape converges to a degenerate central configuration at a rate which is slower that any power of $$|T-t|$$.
Legal Constraints on Australian Coal Mining: The Role of the Paris Agreement
Authors: Vines Ella 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This commentary assesses legal constraints on coal-mining in Australia in the context of developments in the climate regime. There is a growing global consensus that unabated coal-power must be phased down, yet executive branches of government at the national and subnational levels in Australia continue to approve new coal mines. This commentary looks to litigation that has challenged the approval of new coal mines on climate change grounds. I analyse how the Paris Agreement is being used in these claims. The Agreement provides background and context to the climate impacts of coal use in several cases. However, in a few cases, decisions to refuse coal mines are underpinned by substantive engagement with the Agreement’s global warming limitation goals. These refusals are significant in an Australian legal context that is otherwise weighted in favour of coal mining.
Climate change impacts on habitat suitability of Cinnamomum travancoricum (Lauraceae), a critically endangered endemic vascular plant in the Western Ghats, India
Authors: Das Mukesh Lal , Bondada Sairuchir , Rajesh Keshav , Subrahmanyam Sreenath 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The habitat of Cinnamomum travancoricum, a critically endangered endemic vascular plant that thrives at high altitudes (1,500–3,500 m asl) and in moist environments (600–850 hPa) in Western Ghats (WG), is shrinking due to climate change (CC), increase in herbivore populations, urbanization, and over-exploitation of C. travancoricum. Cinnamomum travancoricum’s current habitat and predictive range shift were modeled using MaxEnt for 2030, 2050, and 2070 CE under two emission scenarios: Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5. The 19 WorldClim bioclimatic variables, including slope, aspect, elevation data, and 16 spatially dispersed-species-occurrence points, were used to predict the potential distribution. Jackknife test identified ‘isothermality’, ‘mean diurnal range’, and ‘precipitation of the driest month’ as the most impactful variables for modeling the habitat and range shift. This MaxEnt model was accurate with an area under curve (AUC) value of 0.995. This ecological model predicted a substantial range contraction in suitable habitats, with ‘highly suitable’ and ‘moderately suitable’ habitats shrinking by 100% in RCP 8.5, confirming that C. travancoricum is highly vulnerable to the effects of CC, making it one key species for conservation in WG. The present study suggests the restoration of existing protected areas, creation of specialized reserves, habitat connectivity, and further education towards local communities as the key adaptation strategies for conservation.