bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Viral uptake and pathophysiology of the lung endothelial cells in age‐associated severe SARS‐CoV‐2 infection models
Authors: Tsumita Takuya , Takeda Ryo , Maishi Nako , Hida Yasuhiro , Sasaki Michihito , Orba Yasuko , Sato Akihiko , Toba Shinsuke , Ito Wataru , Teshirogi Takahito , Sakurai Yuya , Iba Tomohiro , Naito Hisamichi , Ando Hitoshi , Watanabe Haruhisa , Mizuno Amane , Nakanishi Toshiki , Matsuda Aya , Zixiao Ren , Lee Ji‐Won , Iimura Tadahiro , Sawa Hirofumi , Hida Kyoko 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThrombosis is the major cause of death in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection, and the pathology of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) has received much attention. Although there is evidence of the infection of ECs in human autopsy tissues, their detailed pathophysiology remains unclear due to the lack of animal model to study it. We used a mouse‐adapted SARS‐CoV‐2 virus strain in young and mid‐aged mice. Only mid‐aged mice developed fatal pneumonia with thrombosis. Pulmonary ECs were isolated from these infected mice and RNA‐Seq was performed. The pulmonary EC transcriptome revealed that significantly higher levels of viral genes were detected in ECs from mid‐aged mice with upregulation of viral response genes such as DDX58 and IRF7. In addition, the thrombogenesis‐related genes encoding PLAT, PF4, F3 PAI‐1, and P‐selectin were upregulated. In addition, the inflammation‐related molecules such as CXCL2 and CXCL10 were upregulated in the mid‐aged ECs upon viral infection. Our mouse model demonstrated that SARS‐CoV‐2 virus entry into aged vascular ECs upregulated thrombogenesis and inflammation‐related genes and led to fatal pneumonia with thrombosis. Current results of EC transcriptome showed that EC uptake virus and become thrombogenic by activating neutrophils and platelets in the aged mice, suggesting age‐associated EC response as a novel finding in human severe COVID‐19.
Prescribed burning can promote recovery of Atlantic coastal heathlands suffering dieback after extreme drought events
Authors: Velle Liv Guri , Haugum Siri Vatsø , Telford Richard J. , Thorvaldsen Pål , Vandvik Vigdis 
Published: December 2023

AbstractQuestionsDuring the winter of 2014, an intense drought combined with sub‐zero temperatures resulted in a massive Calluna dieback in Norwegian heathlands. We studied the initial vegetation recovery under two management approaches: natural recovery and prescribed burning. We hypothesized that natural recovery will be slower in more drought‐affected sites, whereas burning will facilitate post‐fire recovery in all sites by effectively removing dead and damaged heath. Both natural recovery and post‐fire succession will be slower in the north.LocationCalluna heath in seven sites spanning an approx. 600‐km latitudinal gradient along the coast of Norway (60.22–65.69° N).MethodsAfter a natural drought, 10 permanent plots per site were either burnt or left for natural recovery. Vegetation data were recorded annually in 2016 (pre‐fire) and 2017–2019 (post‐fire) reflecting a factorial repeated‐measures design (n = 280). The data were analyzed using mixed‐effects models.ResultsTwo years after the drought, we observed high but variable Calluna damage and mortality. Over the four years of study, damaged Calluna recovered, whereas dead Calluna showed little recovery. Both the extent of the damage and mortality, as well as the rate of natural recovery, are only weakly related to site climate or environmental factors. Fire efficiently removed dead and damaged Calluna and facilitated post‐fire successional dynamics and recovery in a majority of sites.ConclusionsExtreme winter drought resulted in substantial and often persistent damage and dieback on Calluna along the latitudinal gradient. In sites with high mortality, prescribed burning removed the dead biomass and, in some cases, facilitated vegetation recovery. Traditional heathland management, which uses burning to facilitate all‐year grazing by Old Norse sheep in Atlantic coastal heathlands, can be an efficient tool to mitigate dieback events and more generally to increase resistance to and resilience after extreme drought events in the future.
Evaluation of T‐cell clonality by anti‐TRBC1 antibody‐based flow cytometry and correlation with T‐cell receptor sequencing
Authors: Nguyen Phillip C. , Nguyen Tamia , Wilson Clarissa , Tiong Ing Soo , Baldwin Kylie , Nguyen Vuong , Came Neil , Blombery Piers , Westerman David A. 
Published: December 2023

SummaryFlow cytometry (FC) incorporating the T‐cell receptor β constant chain‐1 (TRBC1) has been recently proposed as a new standard in T‐cell clonality assessment. While early studies demonstrated high sensitivity in samples with conspicuous tumour burden, performance in real‐world samples, including those with low tumour burden and correlation with molecular methods has been limited. We evaluated TRBC1‐FC performance and correlated the results with high‐throughput TRB sequencing and a targeted next‐generation sequencing gene panel. Our cohort consisted of 90 evaluable samples from 57 patients. TRBC1‐FC confirmed T‐cell clonality in 37 out of 38 samples (97%) that were involved in a mature T‐cell neoplasm (MTCN). T‐cell clonality was also identified in nine samples from patients lacking a current or prior diagnosis of MTCN, consistent with the emerging entity T‐cell clonality of uncertain significance. TRBC‐FC was polyclonal in all samples and negative for disease involvement by standard pathology assessment. However, correlation with TRB sequencing in 17 of these samples identified two cases that harboured the known clonal sequence from index testing, indicating the presence of measurable residual disease not otherwise detected. Our study provides real‐world correlative validation of TRBC1‐FC, highlighting the strengths and limitations pertinent to its increasing implementation by general diagnostic laboratories.
Impact of the COVID‐19 era on clinical presentation, management and microbiology in paediatric peritonsillar abscess: A case–control study
Authors: Heilig Yotam , Sapir Aviad , Yafit Daniel , Ben‐Shimol Shalom , Kaplan Daniel M. , Cohen Oded 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesPeritonsillar abscess (PTA) is the most common soft‐tissue infection of the head and neck. This potential complication of tonsillitis has demonstrated unique microbial trends during the COVID‐19 pandemic. This era has resulted in a major shift in the hygiene and social habits of the general population, which has resulted in changes in the presentation, management and microbiology of several infectious diseases. To date, the impact of COVID 19 on PTA microbiology and clinical presentation in the paediatric population has yet to be investigated.DesignRetrospective chart review comparing all cases of paediatric (age 0–18) PTA in an academic tertiary centre during the COVID‐19 pandemic (03/2020–02/2022) and compared them to two control groups: pre‐COVID (03/2018–02/2020) and post‐COVID (03/2022–03/2023). All patients were treated with either needle aspiration, incision and drainage or both means in addition to intravenous antibiotics.SettingA large Ear Nose and Throat department in a tertiary referral center.ParticipantsConsecutive children aged 18 years or under, admitted with a diagnosis of Peritonsillar abscess.Main Outcome MeasuresWe analyzed the clinical and microbiologcal features of all cases of pediatric peritonsillar abscess during the COVID‐19 era (03/2020‐02/2022) and compared them to a pre and post control cases.ResultsA total of 96 PTA cases were included (35 pre‐COVID, 35 COVID and 26 post‐COVID). The means of procedural treatment shifted in favour of incision and drainage versus needle aspiration during the COVID era. The length of hospitalisation increased during the COVID era (3.6 days vs. 2.1 and 3.1 pre and post‐COVID respectively, p < .001). No other notable differences in the clinical and demographic features were found between the three eras. The COVID‐19 era saw an increase in Fusobacterium (37.1% vs. 8.6% and 24% pre and post‐COVID, respectively; p = .008) and Streptococcus Anginosus (31.4% vs. 5.7% and 7.7% pre and post‐COVID, respectively; p = .007) species isolation.ConclusionsThe COVID‐19 pandemic did not seem to impact the clinical presentation of paediatric PTA yet resulted in a change in microbiological pathogens. The choice of I&D as a means to shorten hospital stay during the pandemic may have led to an actual increase in hospital stay, suggesting that NA may be the preferred management approach.
Computed tomographic contrast tenography aids pre‐operative diagnosis in clinical conditions of the digital flexor tendon sheath
Authors: Shanklin Alexander J. , Baldwin Christopher M. , Ellesmere Leah , Stack John D. 
Published: December 2023

SummaryCommon pathology within the digital flexor tendon sheath (DFTS) includes tearing of the manica flexoria, marginal longitudinal lesions of the deep digital flexor tendon and fetlock canal constriction. These are a frequent cause of lameness in cob‐type breeds where skin thickness can make obtaining diagnostic ultrasound images difficult. Radiographic contrast tenography in the standing patient can be used to identify pathology but provides limited information on the exact lesion configuration. This report describes the use of computed tomographic contrast tenography under general anaesthesia to identify and detail the configuration of intrathecal DFTS pathology in four clinical cases (six limbs) subsequently assessed with DFTS tenoscopy. Computed tomography findings altered surgical planning in two cases, and in all cases computed tomography findings were confirmed by tenoscopy. Computed tomographic contrast tenography correctly predicted all lesions observed during tenoscopy: manica flexoria pathology including laterality (4/4 torn and 2/2 intact), fetlock canal constriction (3/3 limbs), deep digital flexor tendon injury (1/1) and intrathecal adhesions (5/5 limbs). Computed tomographic contrast tenography was a useful pre‐operative imaging modality which aided surgical planning. The technique may be applicable for use in standing computed tomography systems where it would provide the diagnostic benefits listed without the associated risk of prolonging anaesthesia.
Fatigue behavior of Ti‐6Al‐4 V alloy manufactured by cold metal fusion
Authors: Kaschube Deborah , Pawlowitz Tobias , Solterbeck Claus‐Henning , Schloesser Jana , Malekan Mohammad , Bohlmann Berend 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the fatigue behavior of small specimens of Ti‐6Al‐4 V produced using the additive manufacturing process cold metal fusion. As the process is still comparatively new, no data were available beforehand. Strain‐controlled fatigue tests were carried out on small specimens under alternating loads. The results are presented in the form of a stress–strain diagram according to Ramberg–Osgood and a strain–life curve according to Coffin–Manson. Comparison with results reported for similar specimens fabricated via the laser engineered net shaping (LENS) additive method shows comparable fatigue behavior. Analysis of the fracture surfaces shows a very mixed fracture pattern with an often mountainous surface, especially for specimens tested under high strain. This made the detection of crack initiation very difficult for those specimens. The analysis of specimens tested under low strain reveals large surface defects to be the crack initiators. Smaller secondary cracks form at internal crack initiation facets.
Pesticide safety behaviours among agricultural workers and farmers: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Aye Thant Sin , Jirapongsuwan Ann , Siri Sukhontha 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to investigate the pesticide safety behaviours and related factors among cabbage farmers in Kalaw Township, Myanmar.BackgroundUnsafe chemical pesticide practices affect farmers' health and the environment. Understanding pesticide safety behaviours is necessary for healthcare providers to protect agriculture workers against unwanted adverse health effects.MethodsThe cross‐sectional study was conducted among 195 cabbage farmers from March to May 2019. Safety behaviours and factors applied in the PRECEDE–PROCEDE model as a framework were assessed using questionnaires. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was applied to identify any associations.ResultsAltogether, 72.1% of the farmers had a low level of safety behaviours. Goggles and masks were rarely used before and during pesticide applications. All of the farmers experienced adverse health effects after using pesticides. The attitudes toward pesticide poisoning; support from family, co‐workers and healthcare providers; and the availability of personal protective equipment were significantly associated with safety behaviours.ConclusionOur data provide novel empirical evidence for an opportunity to design effective nursing interventions to promote pesticide safety behaviours among Myanmar agricultural workers. Nurses should pay more attention to promoting comprehensive interventions to reduce both exposure and health effects among agricultural workers through the involvement of supported stakeholders.
BN6BT ceramics via cold‐sintering with annealing: Effects of grain size of precursor powders and annealing temperature
Authors: Lian Han‐li , He Ya‐ru , Liang Xin‐juan , Shi Meng , Liu Li‐na , Chen Xiao‐ming 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this work, (Bi0.5Na0.5)0.94Ba0.06TiO3 (BN6BT) lead‐free ceramics were prepared via cold‐sintering followed by annealing, and effects of grain size of precursor powders and annealing temperature on microstructure, dielectric, and ferroelectric properties of the ceramics were studied. The precursor powders for cold sintering were obtained by mixing the powders with sub‐micrometer (average grain size, AGS = 0.26 μm) and nanometer (AGS = 73 nm) grains in various mass ratios (1:0, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4). The precursor powders were mixed with deionized water and cold sintered at 180°C for 1 h under 500 MPa. The cold‐sintered samples were then annealed at temperatures between 800 and 1000°C for 2 h. For the ratios of 1:2 and 1:4, the corresponding ceramics annealed at 950°C exhibit dielectric and ferroelectric properties similar to those of the BN6BT ceramics sintered at 1170°C via the solid‐state sintering method. The present BN6BT ceramics exhibit dense microstructure with finer grains with AGS = 280 nm, higher breakdown strength (BDS = 160 kV· cm−1) compared to the solid‐state sintered BN6BT ceramics with AGS = 1.6 μm and BDS = 75 kV· cm−1. The results demonstrate that the cold‐sintering followed by annealing is effective in preparing BN6BT ceramics with fine grains and excellent dielectric and ferroelectric properties at relatively low temperatures.
Using spatial video geonarratives to improve nursing care for people who use drugs and experience homelessness: A methodology for nurses
Authors: Jackson Jennifer , Ewanyshyn Alexandra , Perry Samantha , Ens Twyla , Ginn Carla , Keanna Claire , Armstrong Grace , Ajayakumar Jayakrishnan , Curtis Jacqueline , Curtis Andrew 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundPeople who are insecurely housed and use drugs are disproportionately affected by drug poisonings. Nurses are uniquely positioned to utilize harm reduction strategies to address the needs of the whole person. Needle debris encompasses drug paraphernalia discarded in public spaces. Studying needle debris provides a strategic opportunity to identify where drugs are being used and target public health strategies accordingly.AimOur aim in this article is to illustrate how spatial video geonarratives (SVG) combined GPS technology interviews, and videos of locations with needle debris, can elicit valuable data for nursing research.MethodsUsing SVG required knowledge of how to collect data wearing cameras and practice sessions were necessary. A Miufly camera worn at waist height on a belt provided the stability to walk while interviewing stakeholders. We wore the cameras and conducted go‐along interviews with outreach workers, while filming the built environment. Upon completion of data collection, both the interview and GPS information were analysed using Wordmapper software.ConclusionsThis methodology resulted in data presented uniquely in both a visual map and narrative. These data were richer than if a single modality had been used. These data highlighted specific contextual factors that were related to the location of needle debris, which created opportunities for nursing interventions to support people experiencing vulnerability.
Perceived barriers and facilitators to good end of life care: Focusing on people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Diaz Marissa A , Angus Fionn Crombie , Bickenbach Jerome E 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundPeople with intellectual disabilities are often left out of research on important topics. This exploratory study investigated their views on barriers and facilitators to accessing care at end of life, both at home and in a hospice setting.MethodThis qualitative study used reflexive thematic analysis. Two focus groups were held via Zoom with a total of four participants.ResultsThree themes were produced: Unsettling Transitions, Maintaining Familiarity, and Respecting People's Wishes. Keeping things as unchanged as possible at end of life was highlighted as an ideal. Respecting people's wishes and education were highlighted as facilitators to good end of life care.ConclusionsThe themes identified in this study highlight the fears and wishes of this population with regards to receiving quality end of life care. Training for staff and families, as well as advanced care planning, could focus on enhancing facilitators and decreasing barriers for this population.
Evidence that species richness begets species richness
Authors: Cramer Michael D. , Verboom G. Anthony 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimThe variability in regional species richness is determined by the balance between speciation, extinction, and migration, but the underlying causes of high species richness in some regions (e.g. tropics, Mediterranean ecosystems) are challenging to explain. Species richness variability may be amplified by biotic feedbacks that promote species richness in some areas, while decreasing elsewhere. Following the example of species abundance, we speculated that species richness per area in arbitrary geographic units (e.g. quarter‐degree squares) follows a hollow‐shaped curve with the ranks of species richness to yield a species richness rank (SRR) curve. The hollowness of such an SRR curve may indicate biotic feedbacks.LocationSouth Africa, South West Australia, and global.Materials and MethodsWe used vascular plant (VP) and bird data from distinct geographic regions and global syntheses of VP, bird, mammal, and amphibian species richness. These data were subdivided into geographic grids and the deviation from normality of the species richness quantified using skewness and kurtosis and the values ranked to yield SRR curves.ResultsThese SRR curves all had a consistent hollow shape (corresponding skewness 1.08–3.4, kurtosis 0.23–18.40) distinct from a normal distribution arising if species were allocated randomly to geographic units. The SRR curves indicate that relatively species‐rich regions are rare, while species‐poor areas are common.Main ConclusionsNeutral processes, abiotic determinants, environmental heterogeneity, historical factors (e.g. climate stability), and biotic feedbacks all likely play a role in contributing to the shapes of the curves. Although these curves for diverse taxa and regions integrate these multiple drivers of species richness, they indicate an acceleration of species richness as a function of species richness as a result of speciation and/or immigration, limited by increasing extinction likelihood. Biotic feedbacks provide a parsimonious explanation for the shapes of the SRR curves across taxa and regions.
Serum lipoprotein subfractions are associated with the periodontal status: Results from the population‐based cohort SHIP‐TREND
Authors: Kapp Marius , Holtfreter Birte , Kocher Thomas , Friedrich Nele , Pink Christiane , Völzke Henry , Nauck Matthias 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimTo investigate the medium‐term associations of serum protein subfractions derived from proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) spectroscopy with periodontitis and tooth loss.Materials and MethodsA total of 3031 participants of the cohort Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP‐TREND) were included. In addition to conventional serum testing, serum lipoprotein contents and subfractions were analysed by 1H‐NMR spectroscopy. Confounder‐adjusted associations of lipoprotein variables with periodontitis and the number of missing teeth variables were analysed using mixed‐effects models with random intercepts for time across individuals, accounting for multiple testing.ResultsWhile only spurious associations between lipoprotein levels from conventional blood tests were found—that is, triglycerides were associated with mean clinical attachment level (CAL) and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol/high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C/HDL‐C) ratio with the number of missing teeth ‐ several associations emerged from serum lipoprotein subfractions derived from 1H‐NMR analysis. Specifically, elevated LDL triglycerides were associated with higher levels of mean probing depth (PD), mean CALs, and increased odds of having <20 teeth. HDL‐4 cholesterol levels were inversely associated with mean PD. Systemic inflammation (C‐reactive protein) might mediate the effects of LDL and HDL triglyceride contents on periodontitis severity.ConclusionsSeveral associations between serum lipoprotein subfractions and periodontitis were observed. As the underlying biochemical mechanisms remain unclear, further research is needed.