bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transition mechanisms from atrial flutter to atrial fibrillation during anti‐tachycardia pacing therapy
Authors: Okada Jun‐ichi , Washio Takumi , Sugiura Seiryo , Hisada Toshiaki 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundAtrial anti‐tachycardia pacing (aATP) has been shown to be effective for the termination of atrial tachyarrhythmias, but its success rate is still not high enough.ObjectiveThe main objective of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of atrial flutter (AFL) termination by aATP and the transition from AFL to atrial fibrillation (AF) during aATP.MethodsWe developed a multi‐scale model of the human atrium based on magnetic resonance images and examined the atrial electrophysiology of AFL during aATP with a ramp protocol.ResultsIn successful cases of aATP, paced excitation entered the excitable gap and collided with the leading edge of the reentrant wave front. Furthermore, the excitation propagating in the opposite direction collided with the trailing edge of the reentrant wave to terminate AFL. The second collision was made possible by the distribution of the wave propagation velocity in the atria. The detailed analysis revealed that the slowing of propagation velocity occurred at the exit of the sub‐Eustachian isthmus, probably due to source‐sink mismatch. During the transition from AFL to AF, the excitation collided with the refractory zone of the preceding wave and broke into multiple wave fronts to induce AF. A similar observation was made for the transition from AF to sinus rhythm. In both cases, the complex anatomy of the atria played an essential role.ConclusionThe complex anatomy of atria plays an essential role in the maintenance of stable AFL and its termination by aATP, which were revealed by the realistic three‐dimensional simulation model.
Clustering of Multilevel Factors Among Children and Adolescents: Associations With Health-Related Physical Fitness
Authors: Cai Shan , Liu Yunfei , Dang Jiajia , Zhong Panliang , Shi Di , Chen Ziyue , Hu Peijin , Ma Jun , Dong Yanhui , Song Yi , Raat Hein 
Published: November 2023

Background: To identify the clustering characteristics of individual-, family-, and school-level factors, and examine their associations with health-related physical fitness. Methods: A total of 145,893 Chinese children and adolescents aged 9–18 years participated in this cross-sectional study. The 2-step cluster analysis was conducted to identify clusters among individual-, family-, and school-level factors. Physical fitness indicator was calculated through sex- and age-specific z scores of forced vital capacity, standing long jump, sit-and-reach flexibility, body muscle strength, endurance running, and body mass index. Results: Three, 3, and 5 clusters were automatically identified at individual, family, and school levels, respectively. Students with low physical fitness indicator were more likely to be in the “longest sedentary time and skipping breakfast” cluster (odds ratio [OR] = 1.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12–1.24), and “physical inactivity and insufficient protein consumption” cluster (OR = 1.07; 95% CI, 1.02–1.12) at individual level, the “single children and high parental education level” cluster (OR = 1.15; 95% CI, 1.10–1.21), and “no physical activity support and preference” cluster (OR = 1.30; 95% CI, 1.25–1.36) at family level, and the “physical education occupied” cluster (OR = 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01–1.11), and “insufficient physical education frequency” cluster (OR = 1.16; 95% CI, 1.08–1.24) at school level. Girls were more vulnerable to individual- and school-level clusters, while boys were more susceptible to family clusters; the younger students were more sensitive to school clusters, and the older students were more susceptible to family clusters (P-interaction < .05). Conclusions: This study confirmed different clusters at multilevel factors and proved their associations with health-related physical fitness, thus providing new perspective for developing targeted interventions.
Research for Change: Reflections on Online Collective Activism Against Accelerated Policies of University Privatization during covid-19 Restrictions in Hungary
Authors: Bigazzi Sara , Serdult Sara , Zeller Judit 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This article delves into the dynamics of the “model change” within the Hungarian higher education during the covid-19 crisis, focusing on grassroots reactions in the University of Pécs. Amid pandemic-related restrictions, the study reveals how online platforms fostered collective action, allowing stakeholders discuss and voice concerns this change. The analysis uncovers a pattern where representative leadership sidelined democratic decision-making, indicating a disconnection between representation and accountability. Rooted in historical relational patterns and prevailing political culture, this detachment highlights the need for improved mechanisms of accountability. By presenting a participatory action research, the study underscores the transformative role of grassroots communities and trade unions in advocating collective interests and values. The paper emphasizes that online platforms, while promoting accessibility and pluralism, need to address the quality of participation. Overall, the research contributes to the complexities of decision-making in higher education transitions and the challenges of representation and accountability.
Parental perceptions of the importance of pediatric out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation for the survival rate in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Almutairi Nouf S. , Alharthy Nesrin A. , Almaziad AlAnoud M. , Alsalloum AlJazi T. , AlHarbi Rozanna A. , Almulhem Shamayel A. , Yousif Amal , Othman Fatmah 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), the practice of chest compressions combined with rescue breathing, is crucial for the success of out-of-hospital resuscitation after sudden cardiac arrest. Thus, imparting the requisite knowledge and skills to parents/caregivers can significantly enhance survival rates. This study investigated parental awareness of the impact of out-of-hospital pediatric CPR on survival rates in Saudi Arabia.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire administered to Saudi parents from all regions of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using the convenience sampling method, as the questionnaire was distributed via social media platforms. The questionnaire consisted of five parts: (1) demographic data, (2) questions about parents’ perception of basic life support (BLS), (3) evaluation of parents’ knowledge of the impact of prehospital CPR on survival rates, (4) measurement of parents’ competency in performing pediatric CPR, and (5) assessment of whether parents’ confidence was affected by prior training. Statistical analyses were conducted using the chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test, and the t-test was used to compare the mean scores of the groups of parents with medical and non-medical professional backgrounds.

Results
A total of 1,065 individuals responded to the survey. The respondents’ mean age was 41 ± 0.2 years and 46.5% were men. We found that 73.9% of respondents had no prior experience with BLS, 87% had never taken a BLS course, and 61% did not know where to find one. The majority of participants agreed that bystander CPR contributes to overall survival rates, and 77% agreed to the importance of BLS training. Medical professionals showed a higher percentage of agreement on the importance of BLS than those from non-medical backgrounds (90% vs. 76%, p = 0.036), especially parents of high-risk children.

Conclusion
This study showed evidence of interest in CPR and BLS training in Saudi parents, despite the low levels of knowledge regarding BLS training.
The simultaneous occurrence of paraganglioma, Takotsubo syndrome, and Markis type I coronary artery ectasia in the same patient is a rare, high-risk clinical syndrome: a case report
Authors: Chai Bofeng , Su Yiping , Fu Na , Li Yuhong , Shen Youlu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Population-wide, paraganglioma (PGL) is uncommon. The incidence of Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) ranges from 0.5% to 0.9% and also is an exceedingly rare manifestation of PGL. Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is also uncommon, with an incidence ranging from 1.2% to 4.9%. Herein, we present a case of PGL, TTS, and Markis type I CAE that occured in the same patient.

Case presentation
A man in his early 40s was admitted to our hospital with a 16-hour history of abdominal colic. Computed tomography and laboratory examination led to the diagnosis of PGL, coronary angiography led to the diagnosis of Markis type I or Chinese type III CAE, and two echocardiographic examinations led to the diagnosis of TTS. When the patient was treated by phenoxybenzamine instead of surgery for the PGL, his blood pressure and glucose level gradually returned to normal. The CAE was treated by thrombolysis, antiplatelet medications, atorvastatin, and myocardial protection therapies. No symptoms of PGL, CAE, or TTS were seen during a 6-month follow-up, and the patient had an excellent quality of life. We confirmed that phenoxybenzamine was the cause of the TTS because paradoxical systolic motion of the apex, inferior wall, left ventricular anterior wall, and interventricular septum were similarly recovered when the PGL was treated by phenoxybenzamine.

Conclusions
To raise awareness of this illness and prevent misdiagnosis, we have herein presented a case of TTS that was brought on by PGL with Markis type I CAE for clinicians’ reference. In addition, in clinical practice, we should consider the possibility of a concomitant coronary artery disease even if the TTS is caused by a PGL-induced catecholamine surge.
Gut-Brain-axis: effect of basil oil on the gut microbiota and its contribution to the anticonvulsant properties
Authors: Amidu Sumaiya Bandile , Boamah Vivian Etsiapa , Ekuadzi Edmund , Mante Priscilla Kolibea 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological condition that disrupts the normal functioning of the brain and it is characterized by seizures. Research suggests the involvement of the Gut-Brain axis in epilepsy. This study seeks to determine the role of the gut microbiota in the anticonvulsant effect of basil oil (BO) using antibiotic-depleted and altered germ-free mice against naïve mice in Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced seizure model. There is an ever growing interest in improvement of treatment outcomes in epilepsy and also in the development of newer therapeutic options, especially in the population of patients that do not attain seizure relief from available antiseizure medications (ASMs). According to research, gut microbiota can alter brain function and development. Increasing evidence suggests disrupting the delicate symbiotic balance existing between the gut and brain results in disease conditions. Also, the oil from Ocimum basilicum L., (BO) has been proven scientifically to significantly block clonic seizures induced by PTZ and picrotoxin in seizure models.

Methods
The microbiota of mice were depleted or altered by administering cocktail antibiotics and individual antibiotics respectively. DNA was isolated from mouse stool, and then the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (16S rRNA) gene was quantitatively amplified using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Amplicons were sequenced to determine the phylogenetic make-up of the bacteria involved. Metabolic profiles of the serum and stool of mice were determined using Proton (1H) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.

Results
Cocktail antibiotic pre-treatment significantly reversed the anticonvulsant effect of BO by increasing frequency and duration of seizures but did not affect latency to seizure. In mice pre-treated with single antibiotics, the anticonvulsant effect of BO was lost as latency to seizures, frequency and duration of seizures increased compared to mice that received only BO. Assessment of the phylogenetic make-up of the microbiota in antibiotic pre-treated mice showed a distorted composition of the microbiota compared to the control group.

Conclusion
Depletion of the microbiota significantly reversed the anticonvulsant actions of BO. The concentrations of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) was higher in stool than in the serum of the mice. Administration of BO probably does not influence the microbial composition within the mouse microbiota. The elevated ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes in microbiota-depleted groups might have contributed to the reversal of anticonvulsant actions of BO.
Risk factors for cough after pulmonary resection
Authors: Wu Yongming , Song Wenpeng , Zhu Dongmei , Wang Yan , Che Guowei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
To investigate the risk factors for cough after pulmonary resection.

Methods
The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, and China National Knowledge Network databases were searched from inception to November 2022. The Q tests and I2 statistic were used to evaluate the heterogeneity. Odds ratios (OR) were combined using the inverse variance method. All statistical analyses were performed by RevMan 5.4.1.

Results
Nineteen studies with 4755 patients were included, the incidence of postoperative cough was 21.1%-55.8%. The results showed that young age [OR = 0.66, 95% CI (0.46, 0.96), p = 0.03], female sex [OR = 1.69, 95% CI (1.07, 2.66), p = 0.02], preoperative cough [OR = 5.96, 95% CI (2.58, 13.73), p < 0.01], right lobe operation [OR = 2.14, 95% CI (1.44, 3.19), p < 0.01], lobectomy [OR = 3.70, 95% CI (1.73, 7.90), p < 0.01], subcarinal lymph node dissection [OR = 3.45, 95% CI (1.86, 6.39), p < 0.01], mediastinal lymph node removal [OR = 3.49, 95% CI (2.07, 5.89), p < 0.01], closure of bronchial stump with stapler [OR = 5.19, 95% CI (1.79, 15.07), p < 0.01], peritracheal lymph node resection [OR = 3.05, 95%CI (1.40,6.64), p < 0.01], postoperative acid reflux [OR = 11.07, 95%CI (4.38,28.02), p < 0.01] were independent risk factors for cough after pulmonary resection.

Conclusions
Young age, female sex, preoperative cough, right lobe operation, lobectomy, subcarinal lymph node dissection, mediastinal lymph node removal, closure of bronchial stump with stapler, peritracheal lymph node resection, and postoperative acid reflux are independent risk factors for cough after pulmonary resection.
Correlation Between Early Trends of a Prognostic Biomarker and Overall Survival in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Clinical Trials
Authors: Loureiro Hugo , Kolben Theresa M. , Kiermaier Astrid , Rüttinger Dominik , Ahmidi Narges , Becker Tim , Bauer-Mehren Anna 
Published: November 2023

PURPOSE Overall survival (OS) is the primary end point in phase III oncology trials. Given low success rates, surrogate end points, such as progression-free survival or objective response rate, are used in early go/no-go decision making. Here, we investigate whether early trends of OS prognostic biomarkers, such as the ROPRO and DeepROPRO, can also be used for this purpose. METHODS Using real-world data, we emulated a series of 12 advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) clinical trials, originally conducted by six different sponsors and evaluated four different mechanisms, in a total of 19,920 individuals. We evaluated early trends (until 6 months) of the OS biomarker alongside early OS within the joint model (JM) framework. Study-level estimates of early OS and ROPRO trends were correlated against the actual final OS hazard ratios (HRs). RESULTS We observed a strong correlation between the JM estimates and final OS HR at 3 months (adjusted [Formula: see text] = 0.88) and at 6 months (adjusted [Formula: see text] = 0.85). In the leave-one-out analysis, there was a low overall prediction error of the OS HR at both 3 months (root-mean-square error [RMSE] = 0.11) and 6 months (RMSE = 0.12). In addition, at 3 months, the absolute prediction error of the OS HR was lower than 0.05 for three trials. CONCLUSION We describe a pipeline to predict trial OS HRs using emulated aNSCLC studies and their early OS and OS biomarker trends. The method has the potential to accelerate and improve decision making in drug development.
Optimal Accounting Rules, Private Benefits of Control, and Efficient Liquidation
Authors: Jiang Xu , Yang Ming 
Published: November 2023

We study optimal accounting rules that alleviate inefficiencies caused by managerial private benefits. Accounting signals generated by the accounting rules guide the continuation decision at an interim project stage. The entrepreneur enjoys private benefits from continuation, which may induce inefficient decisions. The optimal accounting rule is characterized by a threshold, with a higher threshold representing more conservative accounting. The first-best is achieved under small private benefits. As private benefits increase, the first-best eventually is not achievable and more informative bad news is required for the manager to terminate, resulting in less conservative accounting rules. Therefore, more conservative accounting rules are associated with more efficient investment decisions. This paper was accepted by Suraj Srinivasan, accounting. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2019.03087 .
From inpatient to outpatient mental health care: Protocol for a randomised feasibility trial of a care transition intervention for patients with depression and anxiety (the AMBITION-trial)
Authors: Tönnies Justus , Ayoub-Schreifeldt Marayah , Schrader Viola , Hartmann Mechthild , Wild Beate , Friederich Hans-Christoph , Haun Markus W. 
Published: November 2023

Introduction
Despite guideline recommendations, inpatients with mental health disorders often do not receive appropriate treatment after discharge. This leads to high readmission rates, problems with medication adherence, increased risk of chronicity and suicide, and exclusion from the labour market accompanied by high individual and social costs. The causes are both system-related, such as limited treatment availability, and patient-related, such as ambivalent motivation to continue treatment and lack of information about available treatment options. The aim of this trial is to assess the feasibility of a Care Transition Intervention (CTI) which supports patients in the psychosocial follow-up treatment process after discharge from a psychotherapy ward.

Methods and analysis
Fifty patients with depression and/or anxiety who are treated as inpatients at a psychotherapy ward will be included and randomised into two groups with a 1:1 ratio. In the intervention group, patients will receive five CTI sessions with a Care Transition Navigator before and after discharge. The sessions will focus on individual patient support including a) identification and tackling of barriers to initiate follow-up treatment, b) reflection on the inpatient stay and individual progress, with focus on the helpful aspects and c) motivation of patients to organise and take up outpatient treatment. Patients in the control group will receive treatment-as-usual during discharge. We will evaluate the following outcomes: effectiveness of recruitment strategies, patient acceptance of randomisation, practicability of implemented workflows, feasibility of data collection, and clinical outcomes.
Association of red cell distribution width and its changes with the 30-day mortality in patients with acute respiratory failure: An analysis of MIMIC-IV database
Authors: Shi Yuyi , Shi Liuxian , Chen Fei , Jiang Zhipeng , Sheng Kaihui 
Published: November 2023

Background
Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is a common disease in the intensive care units (ICUs) with high risk of mortality. The red cell distribution width (RDW) is one of baseline ICU indicators which can be easily available, and has been used in the long-term prognostic analyses of diseases. However, no studies have explored the role of baseline RDW and its change during hospitalization in in-hospital mortality in ARF. Herein, this study aims to explore the association between RDW and its changes and the 30-day mortality in ARF patients.

Methods
Demographic and clinical data of 7,497 patients with ARF were extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database in 2012–2019 in this retrospective cohort study. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to explore the association between RDW and its changes and 30-day mortality with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses of different baseline RDW levels were also performed. We then assessed the predictive performance of RDW changes combined with the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score on 30-day mortality using receiver operator characteristic curves (ROCs) with areas under curve (AUCs).

Results
Totally, 2,254 (30.07%) patients died in 30 days. After adjusting for covariates, we found that high baseline RDW [HR = 1.25, 95%CI: (1.15–1.37)] and RDW changes ≥0.3% [HR = 1.12, 95%CI: (1.01–1.24)] were both related to an increased risk of 30-day mortality. In patients whose baseline RDW level ≥14.9%, RDW changes ≥0.3% was also associated with an increased risk of 30-day mortality [HR = 1.19, 95%CI: (1.05–1.35)]. Moreover, the predictive value of RDW changes combined with SOFA on 30-day mortality was a little better than that of single SOFA score, with AUCs of 0.624 vs. 0.620.

Conclusion
High baseline RDW level and its changes during hospitalization was relate to the increased risk of 30-day mortality in ARF, and the predictive value of RDW changes for ARF short-term mortality is still needed exploration.
Why rational choice? Reconciling Kornai with rational choice theory
Authors: Kaiser Adam J. , Leeson Peter T. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractJános Kornai was an early and influential critic of rational choice theory, who opposed its application to interdisciplinary questions. In this paper, we attempt to show that certain contemporary uses of rational choice theory are perfectly compatible with Kornai's critique of general equilibrium theory, as well as his broader vision of economics as a mode of understanding. To do so, we leverage the insights of several “ordinary language” philosophers to demonstrate that the utility of rational choice theory derives from its grammatical properties rather than the truth values of its axioms.