bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Referral prioritization at the specialist breast clinic
Authors: HUNG W.K. , SUEN D.T.K. , CHAN S.W.W. , CHAN M.C.M. , LAU Y. , YIP A.W.C. 
Published: April 2004

Aim: The workload of specialist breast clinics is ever increasing and long waiting time is expected. Clinical guidelines were employed to sort out the priority of consultation. The effectiveness of this system is reviewed.Methods: All referrals seen at the specialist breast clinic from January 2002 to March 2002 were retrospectively studied. The guidelines for allocation to urgent appointment included – (1) urgent referral as determined by referring physician; (2) referral not labelled as urgent but certain ‘high risk’ criteria were present: age more than 50, lump bigger than 3 cm, bloody nipple discharge and physical signs suggestive of malignancy like irregular or fixed breast lump. Routine appointment was given if these criteria were not met. Patients with imaging and cytology results available before specialist consultation were given appointment with reference to the investigation result and excluded from the present analysis. Outcome of the patients in each category was assessed.Results: 165 referrals were analysed and 14 cancers were diagnosed. The mean waiting time for urgent and routine appointments were 2 weeks and 20 weeks, respectively. There were 52 urgent referrals and eight (15.4%) cancers were diagnosed compared to six cancers (5.3%) diagnosed in the 113 non‐urgent referrals. Forty‐two patients among these 113 patients were given urgent appointment due to the presence of high‐risk criteria and as a result, all the six patients with cancers were allocated to urgent appointments. None of the patients given routine appointment had breast cancer diagnosed.Conclusion: It was reassuring that no cancer was diagnosed in patients who had been allocated to routine appointment. In addition to the clinical assessment by the referring physicians, certain ‘high‐risk’ criteria serve as useful guides in assigning the urgency of specialist consultation.
Anterolateral thigh flap – a new workhorse for plastic reconstruction surgeons
Authors: PANG P.C.W. , LAM S.C.K. , CHENG L.H.W. , YING S.Y. , BURD A. 
Published: April 2004

The antero‐lateral thigh (ALT) flap was originally reported by Song et al. in 1984. It is only in the last 5 to 6 years, however, that the ALT flap has become established as a highly versatile “work‐horse”, in surgical reconstruction. Our experience in various reconstructions with ALT flap in various parts of the body is discussed.Twenty seven patients with 17 male and 10 female were studied. Their age ranged from 2 to 78. Fifteen ALT flaps were used for head and neck reconstruction (11 in head region, four in neck region). 10 for limbs reconstruction (five in upper limb, five in lower limb) and two for trunk reconstruction. Out of the 27 ALT flaps, there were 24 free flaps and five pedicle flaps.There was no morbidity associated with all the 27 operations. Nine patients had primary reconstruction after tumor excision. Eighteen ALT flaps were used to reconstruct tissue with previous surgery or radiotherapy. There was no flap failure. There were two wound infection which treated conservatively with dressing.Anterolateral lateral thigh flap is a reliable flap for various reconstruction with minimal morbidity.
Combination of systemic neoadjuvant chemotherapy, radical surgery, and intraperitoneal mitomycin‐c in patients with locally advanced gastric carcinoma: 5‐year follow‐up of a phase ii trial
Authors: CHEUNG F.K.Y. , NG N.C. , WONG S.K.H. , CHU W.C.W. , CHAN W.Y. , CHUNG S.C.S. , NG E.K.W. 
Published: April 2004

Background: This study aims to investigate the tolerance and effectiveness of a combined treatment approach using systemic neoadjuvant chemotherapy, radical surgery and immediate intraperitoneal chemotherapy to patients with locally adanved gastric cancer. Methods: Patients with T3/T4 gastric cancer confirmed by endoscopic ultrasonography and staging laparoscopy were recruited. With informed consent, two cycles of preoperative systemic chemotherapy as described by the Royal Marsden Hospital (Cisplatin, Epirubicin and 5‐FU) were given to the patients. Chemo‐response was determined by CT scan and EUS before and after the chemotherapy. All patients were subjected to laparotomy and, if possible, radical gastrectomy, and immediate intraperitoneal charcoal adsorbed mitomycin‐C therapy before closure of the wound.Results: Thirty‐eight patients with a median age of 60 years (range: 38–72) were recruited. Severe complications developed in two patients during preoperative chemotherapy: one tumour perforation and one reactivation of hepatitis B leading to liver failure. Of the remaining patients, 34 had D2 gastrectomy performed. Complete or partial response was observed in 21 patients (62%). At 50 months of follow up, five patients in the responder group and 12 patients in the non‐responder group died. Responders had a significant better cumulative survival than the non‐responders (P < 0.003).Conclusions: The tri‐modality treatment is well tolerated by most patients and shows a response rate of 60%. Responders have a better prognosis than the non‐responders.
Exploring the third dimension in root resorption
Authors: Chan EKM , Darendeliler MA 
Published: April 2004

Structured AbstractAuthors – Chan EKM, Darendeliler MAObjective – To review and investigate the validity of various 2D quantitative measurement techniques, and to explore the third dimension of root resorption.Design – A review of the literature involving various quantitative evaluation of root resorption.Results – Quantitative evaluation of resorption using radiographs has proven to be highly inaccurate because of magnification errors and their inability to be readily repeated and reproduced. Studies using histology sections of samples have proven to be laborious and technique sensitive. Inherent parallax errors and loss of material in data transfer have denied the true understanding of this 3D event.Conclusion – With the evolution in computing technology and digital imaging, the vision of evaluating the extent of root resorption in 3D has materialized. It was demonstrated that 3D volumetric quantitative evaluation of root resorption craters was feasible and its accuracy and repeatability was high.
Mechanical stress generated by orthodontic forces on apical root cementum: a finite element model
Authors: Shaw AM , Sameshima GT , Vu HV 
Published: April 2004

Structured AbstractAuthors – Shaw AM, Sameshima GT, Vu HVObjectives – 1) To determine the mechanical stress generated at the root apex during different types of tooth movement using a finite element model of an ideal, human maxillary central incisor. 2) To determine the relationship of thickness of cementum and the magnitude of mechanical stress at the root apex.Design – Computer simulation.Setting and Sample Population – Not applicable, computer simulation.Experimental Variables – Tooth and investing tissue layers (enamel, dentin, cementum, pulp, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone).Outcome Measure – Von Mises and maximum principal stresses.Results – Increasing the apical thickness of cementum increases the amount of mechanical stress.Conclusion – A finite element model incorporating all layers of a human maxillary central incisor has been developed. This model was used to determine the location and magnitude of mechanical stress generated for all regions of the tooth, PDL, and enclosed alveolar bone, when orthodontic forces are applied to the tooth. Mechanical stresses were found to increase at the root apex with increasing thickness of apical cementum.
Premenstrual Symptoms in Women with Premenstrual Asthma
Authors: Ensom Mary H. H. , Chong Elaine , Carter Diana 
Published: April 2004

Study Objectives. To characterize and compare premenstrual symptoms (mood, physical) throughout two menstrual cycles with and without estradiol administration, in women with premenstrual asthma (PMA), and to examine relationships between asthma symptoms versus premenstrual symptoms and pulmonary function versus premenstrual symptoms in these women.Design. Open‐label, longitudinal, 9‐week study (consisting of two complete menstrual cycles).Setting. Clinical study at the University of Kentucky; data analysis at the University of British Columbia and Children's and Women's Health Centre of British Columbia.Patients. Fourteen women (age 35.6 ± 6.6 yrs) with mild to moderate asthma with a baseline ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second:forced vital capacity of 0.72 ± 0.12.Interventions. Women were followed for two complete menstrual cycles. During the second complete cycle (i.e., cycle 3), they received estradiol 2 mg orally between days 23 and 28 (premenstrual).Measurements and Main Results. Throughout both cycles 2 and 3, each subject recorded premenstrual symptom questionnaire scores (15 mood and physical symptoms, graded 0–3) every morning on awakening. Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and visual analog scales of asthma symptoms (cough, wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness) were recorded daily at the same time. Seven subjects showed a classic pattern of premenstrual symptoms. Four of the five subjects who complained of PMA symptoms at study enrollment also demonstrated this classic pattern of premenstrual symptoms. After estradiol administration, four women had lower symptom scores, eight had higher scores, and two had the same scores. Overall, estradiol had no significant effect on symptoms (mean area under the curve 18.9 ± 14.8 day−1 vs 20.3 ± 14.8 day−1, p>0.05). Ten subjects had significant relationships between asthma symptoms and premenstrual symptoms, whereas six had significant relationships between PEFR and premenstrual symptoms.Conclusions. Exogenous estradiol administration had no significant effect on premenstrual symptoms in women with PMA. The lack of a significant effect allows for patient blinding in a placebo‐controlled, crossover study of exogenous estradiol in PMA that is currently under way. Clinical implications of relationships between asthma symptoms versus premenstrual symptoms and pulmonary function versus premenstrual symptoms may warrant further study.
Total Synthesis of (+)‐Blasticidin S
Authors: Ichikawa Yoshiyasu , Hirata Keiko , Ohbayashi Masayoshi , Isobe Minoru 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe first total synthesis of the peptidyl nucleoside antibiotic, blasticidin S (1), has been achieved by the coupling reaction of cytosinine (3) and blastidic acid (2). A key step in the synthesis of cytosinine (3) is the sigmatropic rearrangement of allyl cyanate 24; this reaction provided efficient and stereoselective access to 2,3‐dideoxy‐4‐amino‐D‐hex‐2‐enopyranose (26 a). Further elaboration of 26 a gave methyl hex‐2‐enopyranouronate 29, and cytosine N‐glycosylation of 31 using the Vorbrüggen conditions for the silyl Hilbert–Johnson reaction furnished the differentially protected cytosinine (32) in 11 steps from 2‐acetoxy‐D‐glucal (14) (4.0 % overall yield). Synthesis of the Boc‐protected blastidic acid 47 in nine steps starting from chiral carboxylic acid 35 (23 % overall yield) utilized Weinreb's protocol for the preparation of benzyl amide 38 and Fukuyama's protocol for the synthesis of the secondary amine 40. Assembly of the protected cytosinine (32) and blastidic acid (47) by the BOP method in the presence of HOBt, and finally elaboration to 1 by deprotection of the fully protected 54 established the total synthesis of blasticidin S (1).
Syntheses and Crystal Structures of New Quaternary Ag‐Containing Group 5 Chalcogenides: KAg2MVSe4 and K3Ag3M2VS8 (MV: Nb, Ta).
Authors: Chen Wen‐Tong , Ma Hong‐Wei , Guo Guo‐Cong , Deng Lei , Zhou Guo‐Wei , Dong Zhen‐Chao , Huang Jin‐Shun 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
1‐Phthalimido‐4‐(3‐indolyl)‐2‐siloxy‐1,3‐butadienes: Synthesis and Diels—Alder Reactivity.
Authors: Caballero Esther , Alonso Dulce , Pelaez Rafael , Alvarez Concepcion , Puebla Pilar , Sanz Francisca , Medarde Manuel , Tome Fernando 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Aspects of Stereoselectivity in Electrophilic Addition Reactions of Iodine with 5‐Allenyl‐2,3,5‐trichloro‐4,4‐dimethoxycyclopent‐2‐en‐1‐one and Its Derivatives.
Authors: Ivanova N. A. , Shainurova A. M. , Shitikova O. V. , Valiullina Z. R. , Miftakhov M. S. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A New Solvent System for Recycling Catalysts for Chelation‐Assisted Hydroacylation of Olefins with Primary Alcohols.
Authors: Chang Duck‐Ho , Lee Dae‐Yon , Hong Boo‐Sun , Choi Jun‐Hack , Jun Chul‐Ho 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Copper‐Homoscorpionate Complexes as Very Active Catalysts for the Olefin Aziridination Reaction.
Authors: Mairena Miguel Angel , Diaz‐Requejo M. Mar , Belderrain Tomas R. , Nicasio M. Carmen , Trofimenko Swiatoslaw , Perez Pedro J. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Library of Compounds Containing a 2‐Thienylsulfonate Fragment with Enhanced Amenability to Medicinal Chemistry Optimization.
Authors: Tyunova I. V. , Filimonov S. I. , Solovjev M. U. , Balakin K. V. , Skorenko A. V. , Dorogov M. V. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Access to 3‐Methyl‐4‐methylene‐N‐tosylpyrrolidine and 3,4‐Dimethyl‐N‐tosylpyrroline by Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Cascade Cycloisomerization/Isomerization Reactions.
Authors: Oezdemir Ismail , Cetinkaya Engin , Cetinkaya Bekir , Cicek Metin , Semeril David , Bruneau Christian , Dixneuf Pierre H. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of New 2,3‐Diaryl‐1,3‐thiazolidin‐4‐ones and anti‐HIV Agents.
Authors: Rao Angela , Balzarini Jan , Carbone Anna , Chimirri Alba , De Clercq Erik , Monforte Anna Maria , Monforte Pietro , Pannecouque Christophe , Zappala Maria 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Fluorinated Heterocyclic Compounds: An Assay on the Photochemistry of Some Fluorinated 1‐Oxa‐2‐azoles: An Expedient Route to Fluorinated Heterocycles.
Authors: Buscemi Silvestre , Pace Andrea , Pibiri Ivana , Vivona Nicolo , Caronna Tullio 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stereoselective Construction of a β‐Isopropenyl Alcohol Moiety at the C(2) and (3) of Kallolide A and Pinnatin A Using a [2,3] Wittig Rearrangement of Cyclic Furfuryl Ethers.
Authors: Tsubuki Masayoshi , Takahashi Kazunori , Honda Toshio 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
On the computation of the infimum in H∞‐optimization
Authors: Chu Delin 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn this paper, a new method for the computation of the infimum for a large class of continuous‐time H∞ optimal control problem by state feedback is presented. The main ingredients of the new method include three generalized eigenvalue problems whose coefficient matrices are from a condensed form of the given system. This condensed form is computed using only orthogonal transformations which can be implemented via a numerically stable way. The superiority of the new method over the existing one given in Chen (H∞ Control and its Applications, Chapter 5. Springer: Berlin, 1997) is verified by some numerical examples. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluations of sex assessment using weighted traits on incomplete skeletal remains
Authors: Kjellström A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractSeveral studies have presented a variety of sexually dimorphic traits on the skeleton offering possibilities to score these traits for sex determination. However, few have discussed how fragmentation of skeletons affects the reliability of the results, and how to assess sex attribution based on a variety of methods. In the present study sex was determined for 354 skeletons from the medieval Swedish town Sigtuna, using well‐recognized sexing techniques on the pelvis, skull and femur. The preservation of the skeletons varied markedly, thus affecting possibilities for sex assessments. An attempt was made to evaluate the result of the sex assessment when weighting of different traits with different scales was used. The resulting estimation for each individual was called total mean value A. In addition, a total mean value B that considers unobservable missing traits was estimated. It can be concluded that both weighting and fragmentation affect sex assessments of incomplete skeletons. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two neolithic cases of Hyperostosis frontalis interna
Authors: Devriendt W. , Piercecchi‐Marti M.D. , Ardagna Y. , Mahieu E. , Hershkovitz I. , Signoli M. , Dutour O. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBone nodules resulting from Hyperostosis frontalis interna (HFI) were observed on the endocranial surface of the frontal bone of two elderly females in excess of 50 years of age coming from the excavation of the Neolithic hypogeum of Boileau (Vaucluse, France). These observations constituted the first evidence for HFI in the Neolithic periods in Europe. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aggregation and protein binding of sodium maleate copolymers with varying hydrophobicities
Authors: Hirvonen Sami‐Pekka , Aseyev Vladimir , Chitanu Gabrielle C. , Tenhu Heikki 
Published: April 2004

AbstractCopolymers of sodium maleate with methyl methacrylate, styrene, or vinyl acetate have been synthesized and studied in aqueous NaCl solutions of various ionic strengths. The polymers are polyelectrolytes with varying hydrophobicities, and their solution properties have been studied using static and dynamic light scattering. Copolymers containing methyl methacrylate or styrene were shown to aggregate in water upon increasing salt concentration. Copolymers of sodium maleate and vinyl acetate do not associate with increasing ionic strength. The binding of bovine serum albumin and cytochrome C to the sodium maleate copolymers was also investigated by light scattering. It was observed that cytochrome C forms complexes with the copolymers containing methyl methacrylate or vinyl acetate whereas albumin does not bind to any of the copolymers studied. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of SPE membrane based on sulfonated FEP‐g‐acrylic acid by radiation induced graft copolymerization for PEM fuel cell
Authors: Patri M. , Hande Varsha R. , Phadnis Swati , Somaiah B. , Roychoudhury Suhasini , Deb P. C. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA Novel solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) membrane containing both COOH and SO3H group has been prepared by simultaneous method of radiation grafting of acrylic acid onto FEP followed by sulfonation. The presence of weakly acidic acrylic acid controls the swelling in water while SO3H group provides conductivity due to its strongly ionic characteristic. FEP‐g‐acrylic acid and its sulfonated derivatives were characterized by their properties. While the mechanical properties decreased, other properties such as ion exchange capacity (IEC), water uptake and ionic conductivity increased with increase in graft content. These properties further changed on sulfonation. Acrylic acid being weakly acidic in nature, conductivity values of the grafted membrane were quite low. However, introduction of strong SO3H group resulted in conductivity closer to Nafion 117. Few sulfonated membranes have been tested with respect to H2/O2 fuel cell performance. Short‐term fuel cell test for 100 hr gave a stable performance. These membranes are less expensive compared to Nafion. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantifying the effect of riparian forest versus agricultural vegetation on river meander migration rates, central Sacramento River, California, USA
Authors: Micheli E. R. , Kirchner J. W. , Larsen E. W. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractRiparian forest vegetation is widely believed to protect riverbanks from erosion, but few studies have quantified the effect of riparian vegetation removal on rates of river channel migration. Measured historical changes in a river channel centreline, combined with mapped changes in floodplain vegetation, provide an opportunity to test how riparian vegetation cover affects the erodibility of riverbanks. We analysed meander migration patterns from 1896 to 1997 for the central reach of the Sacramento River between Red Bluff and Colusa, using channel planform and vegetation cover data compiled from maps and aerial photography. We used a numerical model of meander migration to back‐calculate local values for bank erodibility (i.e. the susceptibility of bank materials to erosion via lateral channel migration, normalized for variations in near‐bank flow velocities due to channel curvature). A comparison of migration rates for approximately 50 years before and after the construction of Shasta dam suggests that bank migration rates and erodibility increased roughly 50%, despite significant flow regulation, as riparian floodplains were progressively converted to agriculture. A comparison of migration rates and bank erodibilities between 1949 and 1997, for reaches bordered by riparian forest versus agriculture, shows that agricultural floodplains are 80 to 150% more erodible than riparian forest floodplains. An improved understanding of the effect of floodplain vegetation on river channel migration will aid efforts to predict future patterns of meander migration for different river management and restoration scenarios. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes in riparian vegetation communities below a large dam in a monsoonal region: Futase Dam, Japan
Authors: Azami Kazuhiro , Suzuki Hitomi , Toki Seiko 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThis paper examines the effects of a dam reservoir flood control on riparian plant communities in an Asian monsoon area subjected to large summer floods under natural conditions. We compared riparian plant communities downstream of the Futase Dam located on the Arakawa River, with communities on the Nakatsu River, a tributary of the Arakawa River with no dam. Historical changes in spatial distribution of riparian vegetation communities were analysed using aerial photographs. Stand ages and flood history were also examined to analyse the likelihood of tree erosion in scenarios with and without flood control. Comparison of the two reaches shows that the reduced flood peaks below the Futase Dam led to the expansion of riparian forest area and an increase in species diversity. Reduction in the flood peaks below the dam means that the toppling moment of the trees is no longer exceeded. The result is that the riparian forest below the dam is able to develop into later successional stages. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does grand multiparity affect fetal outcome?
Authors: Seidman D.S. , Gale R. , Slater P.E. , Ever‐Hadani P. , Harlap S. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractLow birthweight and stillbirth rates of 16,647 Jerusalem deliveries were examined by birth‐order comparing longitudinal to cross‐sectional data. Six hundred fifty‐seven complete sibships of 7 or more were assessed, including 95 sibships from the socio‐economically homogeneous ultraorthodox Jewish community of Mea Shearim. In both cross‐sectional and longitudinal studies grandmultiparas were not at increased risk for low birthweight, but did have a higher frequency of stillbirths.
A simple painless, dangerless and easily repeatable procedure for endometrium biopsy
Authors: van Bogaert L.‐J. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractEndometrium biopsies are currently carried out with the Novak curette. The drawbacks of this procedure are well known. The use of a female, disposable, sterile, plastic urinary catheter is a useful, easy, painless, dangerless and repeatable alternative to obtain suitable endometrium samples for histopathologic diagnosis. Since a small endometrial cancer can be overlooked, selection of patients is obligate, but this holds also insofar as all methods of endometrium biopsy are concerned. Accordingly, the procedure is primarily suitable in cases of “dysfunctional” bleeding.