bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sense organs on the antennal flagellum of a walkingstick Carausius morosus Brünner (Phasmida)
Authors: Slifer Eleanor H. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe long, filamentous antennal flagellum of Carausius morosus has on it three types of sense organs (1) tactile hairs, (2) thick‐walled chemoreceptors and (3) thin‐walled chemoreceptors. Tactile hairs and thick‐walled chemoreceptors are present on all of the 40 or more flagellar subsegments while thin‐walled chemoreceptors are limited to about one‐third of them. Thin‐walled chemoreceptors are present on subsegments nine and ten, one of the subsegments between 15 and 20 and from approximately the thirtieth subsegment to the distal end of the antenna. A description of each of these sense organs is given. No coeloconic or campaniform sense organs were found.
Early ossification in the skeleton of the sucker (Catostomus macrocheilus) and the guppy (Poecilia reticulata)
Authors: Weisel George F. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractCatostomus macrocheilus, a sucker, and Poecilia reticulata, a live‐bearer, are subjected to dissimilar mechanical stresses while most of their bony structures are forming. Osteogenesis occurs in the sucker when it is a free‐living larva, whereas in the livebearer it occurs intrafollicularly. The first‐formed bones ofboth species are those that meet functional demands and are subjected to the greatest stresses. These are the movable bones associated with the acts of respiration and feeding, and some of the axial bones. The cranial roof is the last to calcify. The primary differences in osteogenesis of the two species, such as in the vertebral column and caudal fin, can be correlated with differences in stress. Surface forces on calcifiable tissue perhapsassist in the deposition of calcium salts.
Intramitochondrial transformations during oocyte maturation in the mouse
Authors: Wischnitzer Saul 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAn electron microscope study of oocyte maturation in the mouse revealed that some mitochondria undergo gradual transformation in their ultrastructural appearance. In very young oocytes these mitochondria were already found to contain vacuoles, one in each such organelle. In somewhat older oocytes more mitochondria displayed vacuoles which generally appeared to be getting larger. These intramitochondrial vacuoles were found to be essentially optically empty structures surrounded by a single membrane. In favorable sections someof the developing vacuoles had a bottle‐shaped appearance, the constricted end of which was attached to the inner limiting membrane of the mitochondrion. With further maturation of the oocytes vacuoles having a pear‐shaped appearance became evident. An hypothesis was presented outlining the mode of formation of these vacuoles by expansion of the individual cristae. Intramitochondrial transformations occuring during both oogenesis and spermatogenesis in mammals were reviewed.
Fine structure of nerve cells in a planarian
Authors: Lentz Thomas L. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe fine structure of the nerve cell types in the white planarian Procotyla fluviatilis were described. Ganglion cells comprise the major portion of the brain. These cells are irregular in shape with several cytoplasmic processes and contain ribosomes, a sparse endoplasmic reticulum, microtubules, lysosomes, and a Golgi apparatus with numerous small vesicles. Granule‐containing cells are situated in the peripheral regions of the brain and along the nerve cords. These cells contain ribosomes, rough‐surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and a Golgi apparatus with associated dense granules. The granules occupy most of the cytoplasm and are ∼ 750A in diameter with moderately dense contents, ∼ 750A with opaque contents, and ∼ 1000A with contents of medium density. These granules are similar to those in the nervous systems of higher animals that contain epinephrine, norepinephrine, and neurosecretory substance, respectively. Each cell contains predominantly one type of granule although there is some intermixing of granules and intermediate types between the three most abundant granules. Small clear vesicles, resembling cholinergic synaptic vesicles, and all types of dense granules occur in the neuropil and within nerve endings.
Morphological and histochemical studies on oogenesis in Callosobruchus analis Fabr. (Bruchidae‐Coleoptera)
Authors: Aggarwal Surinder K. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe ovary in Callosobruchus analis consists of telotrophic ovarioles with the so called nurse cells confined to one chamber at the anterior end of the ovariole. There are three types of lipids in the ovary: (1) L1 bodies that are present in the early oocytes, in the posterior prefollicular tissue and in the follicular epithelium and contain unsaturated phospholipids; (2) L2 bodies that have a complete or incomplete sheath of phospholipids and a triglyceride core; (3) L3 bodies that are formed of highly saturated triglycerides. Lipids are absent from the trophic tissue. In a mature oocyte the L1 and L2 bodies are cortical in distribution while the L3 bodies are centrally located.The mitochondria contain lipoproteins with RNA. The yolk spheres are acid mucopolysaccharides and protein in nature. The precursors of the yolk spheres appear first in the cortical coplasm and are absent from the follicular epithelium or the trophic tissue. The nucleolus of the oocyte shows evidence of extrusions that are believed to pass into the ooplasm.There are no nutritive cords connecting the trophic tissue to the oocytes; nor is there any evidence of any histochemically demonstrable nutritive material being contributed to the oocyte by the trophic tissue. The circumstantial evidence points towards a contribution of the raw materials to the oocyte by the haemolymph either through or in between the follicular epithelium in some soluble form or as submicroscopic particles.
The distribution and neuroanatomy of the labellar sense organs of the blowfly Phormia regina Meigen
Authors: Wilczek Maria 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe labellar hairs of the blowfly Phormia regina Meigen are arranged in a definite pattern. Topographically they can be divided into the following groups: prickles, bristles, intermediate hairs, large hairs, largest hairs, marginal hairs. On the basis of dimensions they fall into four groups. The total number of hairs is somewhat variable. The mean for males is 122.65 hairs on one lobe; for females, 128.82 hairs. The interpseudotracheal papillae vary both in position and number. The mean for males is 65.9 papillae; for females, 67.65. The labial nerve divides, in the labellum, into four principal branches which consist of proximal processes of the sense cells of all hairs and interpseudotracheal papillae. Preparations stained by methylene blue revealed numerous multipolar cells. It was impossible to decide with certainty whether they are nerve cells, perilemma cells, or tracheal cells. They did not stain with silver. Numerous free endings revealed in preparations by use of Kenyon's method appeared to be the finest tracheoles seen on preparations stained by the method of Romanes.
The recognition, distribution and ultrastructure of hydrozoan nerve elements
Authors: Jha Raj K. , Mackie G. O. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractSilver stained Cordylophora were examined by light and electron microscopy, which provided a general picture of nerve cell forms and distribution for comparison with electron micrographs of osmium‐fixed tissues from the same hydroid. Muscle, nerve and neurosensory components were studied in the nectophore of Nanomia (O. Siphonophora) and in the hydromedusae Sarsia and Euphysa by means of vital staining and optical and electron microscopy of epon sections; particular attention was given to relationships and interconnections between the cellular elements of the two marginal nerve rings. Mitochondrial size, numbers and types of vesicles and the occurrence of neurotubules and of parts of sensory cilia may provide useful ultrastructural clues for recognizing nerve elements, but serial sections are often needed to make identification conclusive.In Cordylophora and Nanomia, some neurites contain massed A vesicles (membrane‐bounded dense granules) suggestive of neurosecretion (cf. reports on Hydra). However, a small type of A vesicle also occurs at synapses in Sarsia, indicating a probable role here in junctional transmission. Vesicles occur on both sides of some synapses (as previously reported for Cyanea) but on one side only in others, these being the first examples of polarized junctional ultrastructure in coelenterates.
Seasonal histological changes in the gonads of Sebastodes paucispinis ayres, an ovoviviparous teleost (family scorpaenidae)
Authors: Moser H. Geoffrey 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe elongate paired testes of Sebastodes paucispinis consist of tubules which radiate from a single longitudinal sperm duct and terminate blindly at the periphery of the testis. They are lined by an epithelium consisting of columnar cells with distinct elliptical nuclei. During fall and winter, germ cells migrate inward from the fibrous capsule of the testis and become lodged among the tubule‐boundary cells of the seminiferous tubules where they mature into primary spermatogonia. Each of these undergoes several mitotic divisions to produce large cysts of secondary spermatogonia. Subsequent spermatogenic divisions within these cysts produce large sperm‐filled cysts which rupture, releasing the spermatozoa into the lumina of the seminiferous tubules. Seasonal cycles of cholesterol and carbohydrate production by the tubule‐boundary cells suggest that they perform the same functions as the Leydig cells (androgen production) and Sertoli cells (nutrition) of other vertebrates.The paired fusiform ovaries consist of spongy tissue surrounded by thin‐walled muscular ovisacs that converge posteriorly to form a genital duct. The spongy tissue is arranged in transverse lamellae composed of fibrovascular trunks which support epithelial and ovigerous tissue. A series of oocytes (up to 150 μ in diameter) is produced continually from oogonial nests distributed throughout each lamella. Vitellogenesis begins in July and continues throughout the summer. The follicle surrounding the mature oocyte consists of a bilaminar striated vitelline membrane, two epithelial layers (granulosa and theca), and a profuse capillary network.Spermatozoa appear within the ovaries from October to March. Ovulation probably precedes fertilization since spermatozoa were never found within pre‐ovulatory or post‐ovulatory follicles. The follicular epithelium regresses after ovulation but the capillary beds remain intact, thus providing a mechanism for fetal‐maternal exchange of gases and nitrogenous wastes.
Histological and histochemical observations of the hemolymph cells in the crayfish, Orconectes virilis
Authors: Wood Pauline J. , Visentin Louis P. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractHemolymph cells of Orconectes virilis were stained during the months of August to November by a variety of histological and histochemical techniques. Cells were classified as hyaline cells, small granulocytes, and large granulocytes. Presence of mitochondrial enzymes was indicated by tests for succinic dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase. Reaction to test for the hydrolytic enzyme, leucine acylnaphthylamidase was intense in the granules of the large granulocytes. The PAS reaction indicated a mucopolysaccharide at the cell membrane. Lipid was found in all three hemolymph cell types of Orconectes virilis at the time of this study.
The infracerebral gland — a possible neuroendocrine complex in Nereis
Authors: Golding David W. , Baskin Denis G. , Bern Howard A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe infracerebral gland of Nereis consists of an epithelium covering the ventral surface of the posterior region of the brain. The thickness of the epithelium varies greatly in different species, and it appears especially well developed in Nereis limnicola. Cells of the most numerous type are in direct contact with the base of the brain. Their apical surfaces bound a coelomic sinus, below which is a blood plexus. Other cells are fuchsinophilic and contain many inclusions resembling elementary neurosecretory granules. A third type is rare and resembles glial elements. A number of nerve tracts run from the neuropil to the base of the brain in the region of the gland. Where they impinge upon the capsule they form swellings containing elementary granules and small vesicles. Some axons do not end on the capsule but pass through the capsule and then ramify among the cells of the gland. The swollen endings of other fibers, probably nervous in character, are packed with mitochondria and are scattered over the inner surface of the capsule in the region of the gland. The features described are suggestive of a neuroendocrine complex, and the relation between the brain and the infracerebral gland is in need of experimental analysis in view of the important endocrine functions presently ascribed to the brain in nereids.
Morphology of the presoma of Corynosoma hamanni (Acanthocephala: Polymorphidae)
Authors: Nickol Brent B. , Holloway Harry L. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA morphological study of the presoma of adult Corynosoma hamanni (Linstow, 1892) was undertaken in an effort to clarify some problems encountered during analysis of a large collection of juveniles of this species assembled from fishes of McMurdo Sound. This study is based on approximately 600 adult specimens recovered from four Weddel seals, Leptonychotes weddelli, collected at McMurdo Sound.Morphologically the proboscis armature is more varied than previously reported and consists of 18 to 23 longitudinal rows each with 11 to 15 hooks of two distinct types. At the apex of the proboscis is an undivided, bi‐nucleated apical organ unlike that described for species of Neoechinorhynchus. In the basal third of the proboscis is a thin‐walled vesicle which extends into the anterior quarter of the proboscis receptacle. The more posterior of two external folds on the presoma is a cuticular invagination permitting recognition of the neck‐trunk border of C. hamanni. Lemnisci originate between the two folds and extend into the trunk cavity between the body wall and extensive neck retractor muscles. Contrary to Linstow's original description, each lemniscus is a single structure.Several limitations in material prevent speculation at this time about the limits of intraspecific variation in C. hamanni.
Further studies on the development of the eye of Drosophila melanogaster. II. The interommatidial bristles
Authors: Perry Margaret M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAn electron microscope examination of the minute bristle organules in the Drosophila eye revealed an organisation characteristic of insect hair sensilla. They were derived from four concentrically arranged cells which were active at the mid‐pupal stage in producing the bristle, socket and receptor structures. Two of the cells degenerated towards the end of pupation, the mature organule consisting of a bipolar sense cell and an accessory cell.Growth in length of the bristle was accompanied by a proliferation of longitudinally oriented microtubules which gradually disappeared after maximum growth had been achieved. The breakdown of microfibrillar aggregates, which were also present as transient structures in the developing bristle and showed some correspondence with the longitudinal ridges formed at the surface, may similarly be related to the establishment of cell shape by the deposition of the cuticle which occurred at the same time.
A histological study of non‐follicular cysts in the ovulation fossa region of the equine ovary
Authors: O'Shea J. D. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractForty‐two unselected ovaries from adult mares were examined histologically, and with histochemical methods for mucins. A considerable part of the surface of the ovulation fossa was directly covered by columnar epithelium, with many ciliated cells. This epithelium, which was distributed mainly on the anterior side of the ovulation fossa, closely resembled the contiguous epithelium of the infundibulum of the oviduct, was frequently folded, and gave rise to short clefts projecting into the ovarian substance. The remainder of the ovulation fossa was covered by non‐ciliated, low cuboidal or squamous epithelium, lacking folds or clefts.“Fossa cysts,” up to 6.5 mm in diameter, were observed in the ovarian tissue around the ovulation fossa in 27 (64%) of these ovaries. Both simple and branched, tubular and vesicular forms were present, and all were blind‐ending. Their epithelial lining cells, which varied from simple squamous to columnar in type, were frequently ciliated. Many fossa cysts contained secretions histochemically similar to those of the columnar epithelium of the ovulation fossa and infundibulum. Both sialic acidcontaining and neutral mucins were present. It is suggested that these cysts were probably derived by ingrowth from the columnar epithelium of the ovulation fossa. This epithelium may be of müllerian duct origin.
H3‐proline incorporation into cartilage: Electron microscope autoradiographic observations
Authors: Salpeter M. M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractElectron microscope autoradiography was used to study cartilage from regenerating limbs of adult newts, Triturus, after intraperitoneal injections of proline‐3H. The labeling in the endoplasmic reticulum, small vesicles, Golgi vacuoles, ground cytoplasm and extracellular matrix was compared during the secretion of radioactive products. The data appear to indicate that a large part of the radioactive secretion probably leaves the cell after having been in only one cellular compartment. Although this compartment may be the endoplasmic reticulum, a considerable amount of radioactivity fluxes through the ground cytoplasm and the possibility cannot be excluded that some secretory components leave the cell directly from the ground cytoplasm. The data appear incompatible with the hypothesis that all the radioactivity seen in the extracellular matrix arrived there via a single pathway involving first the endoplasmic reticulum and then the Golgi vacuoles. It is not, however, incompatible with a hypothesis that a fraction of the radioactive product uses this pathway.
A Comparative anatomical study of the mammalian uterotubal junction
Authors: Hook S. J. , Hafez E. S. E. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAmong eight species of mammals in this study (cattle, sheep, pig‐tail and rhesus monkeys, rabbit, pig, rat, and dog) four basic patterns of anatomical structure at the uterotubal junction are described. The classification of types is based upon the presence or absence of an intramural portion of the oviduct and of isthmal folds or plicae projecting into the lumen of the uterine cornu.Histological variations are reported for three tissues: epithelial and connective of the mucosa and smooth muscle of the tunica muscularis. In the epithelium during the estrous cycle the differences recorded include: (a) absence of ciliated cells in the distal end of the oviduct in rat and dog; (b) variations in ciliated and nonciliated cells in (1) cell height, (2) location, shape and stainability of the nucleus, and (3) in amount and stainability of apical cytoplasm; (c) presence of lymphoblast‐like cells which appear to migrate through the epithelium from the lamina propria. The connective tissue of the mucosa, as a circular layer and as cores for the mucosal folds, shows variations in thickness and in relative density of cells and fibers of the matrix. Emphasis is given to the presence of an inner longitudinal layer of smooth muscle in the tunica muscularis of the distal oviduct in six of the eight species.
A series of stages in the embryonic development of Chelydra serpentina
Authors: Yntema C. L. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractEggs of the common snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina serpentina were incubated at 30°C and at 20°C. The incubation period at the higher temperature was about 63 days. At the lower temperature, the period was estimated to be 140 days. Lengths of the embryos at various times of development were recorded. A series of 26 stages is described. The staging is based on timed intervals at a constant temperature, 20°C.
Pineal regeneration in the frog, Rana pipiens, following embryonic extirpation
Authors: Eichler Victor B. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThis report describes the capacity of larvae of the Leopard frog, Rana pipiens, to regenerate pineal tissue after embryonic pinealectomy, and presents experimental evidence for frontal organ dependence on the epiphysis. In addition, it was found that the “brow spot,” a pigment‐free region located in the epidermis betweeen the eyes, is dependent on the frontal organ for its formation. This report also substantiates that the absence of the pineal organ in larval animals does not affect growth or development through metamorphosis.
Histological changes in the epidermis of the subdigital lamellae of Anolis carolinensis during the shedding cycle
Authors: Lillywhite Harvey B. , Maderson P. F. A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe characteristic anoline climbing organ consists of a number of lamellar scales, on whose outer scale surface are numerous keratinized setae which contact the substrate. These setae are derived from the Oberhautchen of the epidermal generation, and as such are renewed and shed periodically along with the rest of the epidermal material. The histological development of the setae is described, and modifications of the surrounding elements are noted. The relative lengths of the setae and their congregation to form a pad unit poses certain mechanical problems during morphogenesis, simply in terms of accommodation between the functional outer epidermal generation and dermal core of each lamella. Regression of the dermal core and a distal migration of some cells permits accommodation within the lamella for the distal aspect of the Oberhautchen layer, or free margin. Additionally, changes in the gross shape of the lamella occur throughout the sloughing cycle, and a swelling of the cells of the lacunar tissue results in a gap between the stratum corneum of inner and outer epidermal generations. There is a considerable amount of variation in mitotic activity between the germinal layers of opposite sides of the lamella.
Excretion and ultrastructure of the antennal gland of the fiddler crab Uca mordax
Authors: Schmidt‐Nielsen Bodil , Gertz K. H. , Davis Lowell E. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractFunction and ultrastructure of the excretory organs (antennal glands) of the shore crab Uca mordax were investigated. The crabs were maintained at three different salinities: 50%, 100% and 200% seawater. In spite of previous reports to the contrary, the investigation showed that the powerful osmoregulatory ability found in Uca mordax is not due to participation of the antennal glands. Freezing point depression of urine under all conditions was found to be slightly less than that of the hemolymph, indicating a slightly hypoosmotic urine. It was further found that the antennal gland is extremely effective in resorbing sodium from the filtrate. The higher the salinity to which the crabs were acclimated the lower the sodium concentration in the urine. No water was resorbed from the filtrate as shown by the fact that the inulin U/P ratio remained unity regardless of the salinity to which the crabs were adapted. Electronmicroscopy of the antennal glands revealed that the coelomosac cells are similar to the podocytes described in the crayfish by Kümmel ('64), and the coelomosac appears to be a typical filtration organ. The cells of the labyrinth showed brush border and very elaborate basal infoldings with numerous mitochondria. The deep cytoplasmic infoldings which represent interdigitations with neighboring cells may be correlated with the effective sodium reabsorption in the labyrinth, but apparently not with water movement.