bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Superfund site remediation by landfilling—overview of landfill design, operation, closure, and postclosure issues
Authors: Lee G. Fred , Jones‐Lee Anne 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThis article discusses the appropriateness of using landfills as part of remediating hazardous chemical and Superfund sites, with particular emphasis on providing for true long‐term public health and environmental protection from the wastes and contaminated soils that are placed in the landfills. On‐site landfilling or capping of existing wastes is typically the least expensive approach for gaining some remediation of existing hazardous chemical/Superfund sites. The issues of the deficiencies in US EPA and state landfilling approaches discussed herein are also applicable to the landfilling of municipal and industrial solid “nonhazardous” wastes. These deficiencies were presented in part as “Problems with Landfills for Superfund Site Remediation” at the US EPA National Superfund Technical Assistance Grant Workshop held in Albuquerque, New Mexico, in February 2003. They are based on the author's experience in investigating the properties of landfill liners and the characteristics of today's landfills, relative to their ability to prevent groundwater pollution and to cause other environmental impacts. Discussed are issues related to both solid and hazardous waste landfills and approaches for improving the ability of landfills to contain wastes and monitor for leachate escape from the landfill for as long as the wastes in the landfill will be a threat. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assessing the potential of using phytoremediation for pyrene‐contaminated soils
Authors: Chekol Tesema , Vough Lester R. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractForage crop species representing two biologically distinct families (legumes and grasses) were evaluated on soil spiked with 100 mg/kg of pyrene to determine the potential effectiveness of the rhizospheres of these plants for phytoremediation. In this experiment, pyrene dissipation could not be attributed to the presence of plants. Pyrene dissipation was also not related to rhizosphere biological activity, such as microbial counts and enzyme activity. Planting with reed canarygrass and switchgrass significantly increased the microbial counts in soil; however, the differences in the microbial counts were not correlated to the levels of pyrene dissipation. Reed canarygrass rhizosphere had significantly higher dehydrogenase activity compared to the switchgrass rhizosphere, but this difference in soil dehydrogenase activity was not related to pyrene dissipation. In general, the use of plants was not effective in causing pyrene transformation; however, the presence of vegetation on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon–contaminated soils could play a significant role in limiting the spread of contaminants (erosion, leaching) and enhancing ecosystem restoration. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On wind turbine power performance measurements at inclined airflow
Authors: Pedersen T. F. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe average airflow inclination in complex terrain may be substantial. The airflow inclination affects wind turbine performance and also affects the cup anemometer being used in power performance measurements. In this article the overall dependence of the power curve on inclined airflow is analysed for its influence on both the wind turbine and the cup anemometer. The wind turbine performance analysis is based on results of measurements and theoretical calculations with the aeroelastic code HAWC coupled to a 3D actuator disc model for varying yaw angle. The cup anemometer analysis at inclined flow is based on an averaging of measured angular characteristics in a wind tunnel with the distribution of airflow inclination angles over time. The relative difference in annual energy production in terrain with inclined airflow compared with flat terrain is simulated for cup anemometers with theoretical optimal angular characteristics for two different definitions of wind speed, as well as for five commercial cup anemometers with measured angular characteristics. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MyoD–lacZ transgenes are early markers in the neural retina, but MyoD function appears to be inhibited in the developing retinal cells
Authors: Kablar Boris 
Published: June 2004

AbstractRecent findings suggest that eye and skeletal muscle development in vertebrates share the same regulatory network. In that network, Pax3 gene is apparently activated through Dach/Eya/Six feedback loop to mediate MyoD‐driven myogenesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate previously reported MyoD–lacZ expression in the developing mouse neural retina and to gain insight into the potential role of MyoD in the embryonic retinal cells. The analysis of MD6.0–lacZ and 258/−2.5lacZ transgenic embryos revealed that the retinal temporal expression pattern of the two transgenes resembled their expression pattern in the MyoD‐dependent precursor muscle cells. However, MyoD transcripts and protein could not be found in the sites of MyoD–lacZ retinal expression. Furthermore, our immunohistochemical analysis suggests the existence of diverse factors (e.g., Pax6 and Chx10) within the retinal cells that differentially and inappropriately activate the two transgenes. Finally, the retinal phenotype observed in Pax7−/− knock‐out mice suggests a role for Pax7 in photoreceptor cell differentiation, retinal lamination and in the etiopathology of retinoblastoma. Taken together, our data suggest that the MyoD gene evolved a different mechanism to achieve its down‐regulation within the retina than that of the Myf5 gene.
Assessing the impact of alternative manufacturing layouts in a service setting
Authors: Pagell Mark , Melnyk Steven A 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThis paper summarizes the results of a project designed to study and ultimately improve the overall operation of a service process, as found in one regional blood center. Driving this project was recognition that the current process, initially designed to accommodate a single customer group, was ill equipped to handle a changing customer mix now consisting of three disparate groups. The resulting mismatch between the process and users created long delays and an increase in the overall level of dissatisfaction with the existing process. To improve overall performance, this study turned to process analysis and computer simulation to stimulate a critical analysis of the process. As part of this approach, the study investigated three layouts: the existing worker paced assembly line, a modified assembly line, and service cells. The study examined the relationship between layout, customer mix and system performance. Key among the results was that a service cell approach led to higher performance and better customer satisfaction.
Prevention and treatment of experimental osteomyelitis in dogs with ciprofloxacin‐loaded crosslinked high amylose starch implants
Authors: Huneault Louis M. , Lussier Bertrand , Dubreuil Pascal , Chouinard Luc , Désévaux Cyril 
Published: June 2004

AbstractCrosslinked high amylose starch (CLHAS) matrix was used as a biodegradable drug delivery implant for the prevention and treatment of osteomyelitis. Thirty‐two dogs underwent the femoral insertion of a screw inoculated withStaphylococcus aureusand were then randomly assigned to four groups: (A) prevention with ciprofloxacin‐CLHAS implants, (B) surgical debridement (positive control), (C) surgical debridement and oral ciprofloxacin treatment and (D) surgical debridement and treatment with ciprofloxacin‐CLHAS implants. At week 4 the osteomyelitis was confirmed, the infected site debrided and respective treatments initiated for groups B, C and D. Radiographs, macroscopic evaluations, bacterial cultures and histopathological examinations were used to evaluate the femora at week 10. Femora from preventive group A were almost normal. Dogs of both ciprofloxacin treatment groups C and D showed better bone healing, less periosteal reaction and less screw mobility than dogs from group B. Eradication of infection was observed at proximal/distal sites in B: 25%/12%, C: 37%/62% and D: 62%/75%. Both ciprofloxacin treated groups improved radiographically from week 4 to week 10. Periosteal and marrow neutrophilic and lymphoplasmocytic infiltrations were less severe in groups C and D versus group B. These data suggest that biodegradable ciprofloxacin‐CLHAS implants are a safe and efficient modality for the prevention and treatment of osteomyelitis. © 2004 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published y Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Upregulation of orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 following PGF2α, Bimatoprost, and Butaprost treatments. Essential role of a protein kinase C pathway involved in EP2 receptor activated Nur77 gene transcription
Authors: Liang Yanbin , Li Chen , Guzman Victor M , Chang William W , Evinger Albert J , Pablo Jozelyn V , Woodward David F 
Published: June 2004

Using gene chip technology, we first identified that PGF2α (FP agonist) and Butaprost (EP2 agonist) induced about a five‐fold upregulation of Nur77 mRNA expression in hFP‐HEK 293/EBNA and hEP2‐HEK293/EBNA cells. Northern Blot analysis revealed that PGF2α‐ and Butaprost‐induced upregulation of Nur77 expression are dose‐ and time‐dependent.
Both PGF2α and Butaprost upregulated Nur77 gene expression through the protein kinase C (PKC) pathway. These data are the first showing a link between EP2 receptor stimulation and protein kinase C activation. Calcineurin was found to be involved downstream of the PKC pathway in PGF2α‐induced Nur77 expression, but not in Butaprost‐induced Nur77 expression.
We also used Nur77 as a marker gene to compare the effects of PGF2α, Butaprost, and Bimatoprost (a prostamide) on Nur77 expression in human primary trabecular meshwork and ciliary smooth muscle (SM) cells, which are target cells for antiglaucoma drugs. The results showed that PGF2α and Butaprost, but not Bimatoprost, induced upregulation of Nur77 expression in human TM cells. PGF2α, but not Bimatoprost, dramatically induced upregulation of Nur77 mRNA expression in human ciliary SM cells, whereas Butaprost slightly upregulated Nur77 mRNA expression in SM cells.
Nur77 promoter deletion analysis indicated that PGF2α, but not Bimatoprost, activated Nur77 promoter‐luciferase reporter in hFP‐HEK 293/EBNA cells. Butaprost was less efficacious in inducing Nur77 promoter‐luciferase reporter activity in hEP2‐HEK293/EBNA cells relative to PGF2α in the comparable assay. The data for Nur77 promoter functional analysis were matched to the Northern blot analysis.
It appears that PGF2α and Butaprost activate Nur77 transcription mechanisms through the activation of FP and EP2 receptor‐coupled signaling pathways, whereas Bimatoprost stimulates neither FP nor EP2 receptors.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2004) 142, 737–748. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705829
Wine polyphenols induce hypotension, and decrease cardiac reactivity and infarct size in rats: involvement of nitric oxide
Authors: Ranaivo Hantamalala Ralay , Diebolt Myriam , Andriantsitohaina Ramaroson 
Published: June 2004

The effects of short‐term oral administration of red wine polyphenolic compounds (RWPC, 20 mg kg−1 day−1 for 7 days) on haemodynamics, ex vivo cardiac responsiveness and ischaemia–reperfusion injury were investigated in rats. The involvement of nitric oxide (NO) was evaluated using the NO synthase inhibitor, NG‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME, 2 mg kg−1 day−1 for 7 days), at a dose which did not affect blood pressure.
Ex vivo reactivity of hearts from RWPC‐treated rats showed lower basal developed pressure, greater heart rate and decreased inotropic responses to either β‐adrenoceptor or muscarinic receptor stimulation with isoprenaline or carbachol, respectively.
RWPC treatment did not modify cardiac expression of endothelial NO synthase or Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. However, it increased nitrite in the coronary effluent.
In ischaemia–reperfusion, RWPC treatment reduced infarct size and oxidative stress, as shown by the myocardial content of the end products of lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde and 4‐hydroxynonenal, without affecting post‐ischaemic contractile dysfunction. All the observed effects of RWPC were prevented by L‐NAME treatment.
Altogether, these data show that short‐term treatment with RWPC decreases blood pressure and cardiac responsiveness, and protects against post‐ischaemic infarction via decreased oxidative stress. All the above effects of RWPC are sensitive to NO synthase inhibition that implies an involvement of NO‐dependent pathway. This study suggests a basis for the beneficial effects of plant‐derived polyphenols against cardiovascular disease.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2004) 142, 671–678. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705833
Attenuation by a sigma1 (σ1) receptor agonist of the learning and memory deficits induced by a prenatal restraint stress in juvenile rats
Authors: Meunier Johann , Gué Michèle , Récasens Max , Maurice Tangui 
Published: June 2004

Stress during pregnancy results in complex neurochemical and behavioral alterations throughout the offspring lifetime. We here examined the impact of prenatal stress (PS) on memory functions in male and female offspring and report the efficacy of a selective sigma1 (σ1) receptor agonist, igmesine, in alleviating the observed deficits.
Dams received an unpredictable 90‐min duration restraint stress from gestational day E17 to E20. Learning was examined in offspring between day P24 and P36 using spontaneous alternation in the Y‐maze, delayed alternation in the T‐maze, water‐maze learning and passive avoidance.
Both male and female PS rats showed impairments of spontaneous and delayed alternation performances. Acquisition of a fixed platform position in the water‐maze was unchanged in PS rats, but the probe test revealed a diminution of time spent in the training quadrant. Acquisition of a daily changing platform position demonstrated impaired working memory for male and female PS rats. Finally, passive avoidance deficits were observed.
Pretreatment with the selective σ1 agonist igmesine (1–10 mg kg−1 i.p.) reversed the PS‐induced learning deficits in offspring rats for each test. The σ1 antagonist BD1063 failed to affect performances alone but blocked the igmesine effect, confirming the involvement of the σ1 receptor.
PS thus induces delayed memory deficits, affecting spatial and nonspatial, short‐ and long‐term memories in juvenile male and female offspring rats. Activation of the σ1 neuromodulatory receptor allows a significant recovery of the memory functions in PS rats.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2004) 142, 689–700. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705835
Depolarization‐induced calcium influx in rat mesenteric small arterioles is mediated exclusively via mibefradil‐sensitive calcium channels
Authors: Jensen Lars J , Salomonsson Max , Jensen Boye L , Holstein‐Rathlou Niels‐Henrik 
Published: June 2004

In this study, intracellular Ca2+ was measured as the Fura‐2 ratio (R) of fluorescence excited at 340 and 380 nm (F340/F380) in nonpressurized rat mesenteric small arterioles (Ø (lumen diameter) 10–25 μm). The response to depolarization using 75 mM KCl was an increase in R from a baseline of 0.96±0.01 ([Ca2+]i ∼74 nM) to 1.04±0.01 (∼128 nM) (n=80).
The response to 75 mM K+ was reversibly abolished in Ca2+‐free physiological saline solution, whereas phentolamine (10 μM) or tetrodotoxin (1 μM) had no effects. LaCl3 (200 μM) inhibited 61±9% of the response.
A [K+]‐response curve indicated that the Ca2+ response was activated between 15 and 25 mM K+. The data suggest that the Ca2+ response was caused by the activation of voltage‐dependent Ca2+ channels.
Mibefradil use dependently inhibited the Ca2+ response to 75 mM K+ by 29±2% (100 nM), 73±7% (1 μM) or 89±7% (10 μM). Pimozide (500 nM) use dependently inhibited the Ca2+ response by 85±1%.
Nifedipine (1 μM) inhibited the Ca2+ response to 75 mM K+ by 41±12%. The response was not inhibited by calciseptine (500 nM), ω‐agatoxin IVA (100 nM), ω‐conotoxin MVIIA (500 nM), or SNX‐482 (100 nM).
Using reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction, it was shown that neither CaV2.1a (P‐type) nor CaV2.1b (Q‐type) voltage‐dependent Ca2+ channels were expressed in mesenteric arterioles, whereas the CaV3.1 (T‐type) channel was expressed. Furthermore, no amplification products were detected when using specific primers for the β1b, β2, or β3 auxiliary subunits of high‐voltage‐activated Ca2+ channels.
The results suggest that the voltage‐dependent Ca2+ channel activated by sustained depolarization in mesenteric arterioles does not classify as any of the high‐voltage‐activated channels (L‐, P/Q‐, N‐, or R‐type), but is likely to be a T‐type channel. The possibility that the sustained Ca2+ influx observed was the result of a T‐type window current is discussed.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2004) 142, 709–718. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705841
Endothelin‐induced constriction of the ductus venosus in fetal sheep: developmental aspects and possible interaction with vasodilatory prostaglandin
Authors: Adeagbo A S O , Kelsey L , Coceani F 
Published: June 2004

The ductus venosus is actively regulated in the fetus, but questions remain on the presence of a functional sphincter at its inlet. Using fetal sheep (0.6–0.7 gestation onwards), we have examined the morphology of the vessel and have also determined whether endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) qualifies as a natural constrictor being modulated by prostaglandins (PGs).
Masson's staining and α‐actin immunohistochemistry showed a muscular, sphincter‐like formation at the ductus inlet and a muscle layer within the wall of the vessel proper. This muscle cell component increased with age.
ET‐1 contracted dose‐dependently isolated sphincter and extrasphincter preparations of the ductus from term fetus. This ET‐1 effect also occurred in the premature, but its threshold was higher.
BQ123 (1 μM) caused a rightward shift in the ET‐1 dose–response curve, while indomethacin at a threshold concentration (28 nM) tended to have an opposite effect.
Big ET‐1 also contracted the ductus sphincter but differed from ET‐1 for its lesser potency and inhibition by phosphoramidon (50 μM).
The ductus sphincter (term and preterm) and extrasphincter (term) released 6‐keto‐PGF1α (hence PGI2) and, to a lesser degree, PGE2 at rest and their release increased dose‐dependently upon ET‐1 treatment. Both basal and stimulated release was curtailed by endothelium removal.
BQ123 and phosphoramidon reduced slightly the contraction of ductus sphincter to indomethacin (2.8 μM).
We conclude that the ductus contains a contractile mechanism in the sphincter and extrasphincter regions. ET‐1 lends itself to a role in the generation of contractile tone and its action may be modulated by prostaglandins.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2004) 142, 727–736. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705849
THE EFFECT OF ODOURS, IRRITANT VAPOURS, AND MENTAL WORK UPON THE BLOOD FLOW
Authors: Shields T. E. 
Published: June 2004

The most important of this investigation has been the completion of various improvements in the construction and use of the plethysmograph, by means of which numerous errors attending the use of the instrument have been eliminated.
The results of the work show that all olfactory sensations, so far as they produce any effect through the vasomotor system, tend to diminish the volume of the arm, and therefore presumably cause a congestion of the brain. Whenever the stimulation occassions an increase in the volume of the arm, as sometimes happens, it seems to be due to acceleration of the heart rate, which, of course, tends also to increase the supply of blood to the brain. The of odours varies in extent with different individuals, and with the same individual at different times. It was most marked in subjects sensitive to odours. Irritant vapours, such as formic acid, have a marked effect in the same direction—that is, they cause a strong diminution in the volume of the arm. The experiments give no support to the view that pleasant sensations are accompanied by a diminution of the
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blood supply to the brain and unpleasant sensations by the reverse efeect. In all my experiments mental work caused a marked and prolonged diminution in the volume of the arm. This vasomotor effect was sometimes preceded by a transitory increase in the volume of the arm caused by acceleration of heart rate.
A STUDY OF TYPES OF RESPIRATORY MOVEMENTS
Authors: Fitz G. W. 
Published: June 2004

1. Children of the two sexes differ very little in the character of their respiratory movements.
2. Between girls and women and boys and men there is little or no difference in respiratory type.
3. Childbearing does not permanently affect respiration.
4. The natural type of respiration, for both sexes is one in which the movement is fairly equally balanced between chest and abdomen, the abdominal being somewhat in excess.
5. In typical unconstricted individuals the chest contributes about the same bulk of air as does the abdomen.
6. Constricting dress causes preponderance of thoracic movement in ratio to its restriction of abdominal movement and to the sensitiveness of the nervous co-ordination.
ON THE INHIBITORY INFLUENCE OF EOSIN UPON SPORULATION
Authors: Noguchi Hideyo 
Published: June 2004

Sporulation of B. anthracis, B. subtilis, B. cereus, B. ruminatus, B. mesentericus, B. anthracoides and B. megatherium does not take place in an agar medium containing eosin "Gelb" in a concentration exceeding 0.5 per cent. In a concentration of 0.1 per cent. most of these bacteria fail to produce spores. The greatest sensitiveness is shown by B. cereus and B. mesentericus. In a bouillon medium sporulation is likewise inhibited by eosin, but after a longer time—seven weeks or more—sporulation still occurs where the concentration of the dye equals one-tenth per cent.
Sporulation of B. tetani, B. anthracis symptomaticus, B. botulismus, B. œdema maligni, B. enteritidis sporogenes, and B. putrificus does not take place in a medium containing eosin "Gelb" in concentrations exceeding 0.03 per cent. With these organisms, no difference was noted in the final effect, depending on the medium employed. No permanent loss of power to produce spores ensues with the bacteria tested even after long sojourn in the eosinized media.
It may be stated that on the whole the inhibitory action of eosin was more pronounced upon the anaerobic than upon the aerobic species of bacteria employed in these experiments.
TRANSPLANTATION IN MASS OF THE KIDNEYS
Authors: Carrel Alexis 
Published: June 2004

Among so many etiological factors, it is impossible to discriminate which are responsible for the complications which took place in our experiments. An attempt to explain the occurrence of nephritis, cedema or calcification of the arterial system, for instance, will not be made, but the technique of the operations will be modified in order to suppress as much as possible the causes which may originate these secondary changes. The purpose of this article was not to analyze minutely the physiological or pathological character of the functions of transplanted kidneys, but merely to ascertain whether these functions are efficiently reëstablished.
It is to be concluded that an animal which has undergone a double nephrectomy and the grafting of both kidneys from another animal can secrete almost normal urine with his new organs, and live in good health at least for a few weeks. This demonstrates that it is possible to reëstablish efficiently the functions of transplanted kidneys.