bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Criminal (In)Justice in the City and Its Associated Health Consequences
Authors: Golembeski Cynthia , Fullilove Robert 
Published: August 2005

The American system of prisons and prisoners—described by its critics as the prison–industrial complex—has grown rapidly since 1970. Increasingly punitive sentencing guidelines and the privatization of prison-related industries and services account for much of this growth. Those who enter and leave this system are increasingly Black or Latino, poorly educated, lacking vocational skills, struggling with drugs and alcohol, and disabled. Few correctional facilities mitigate the educational and/or skills deficiencies of their inmates, and most inmates will return home to communities that are ill equipped to house or rehabilitate them. A more humanistic and community-centered approach to incarceration and rehabilitation may yield more beneficial results for individuals, communities, and, ultimately, society.
Behavioral Health Problems, Ex-Offender Reentry Policies, and the “Second Chance Act”
Authors: Pogorzelski Wendy , Wolff Nancy , Pan Ko-Yu , Blitz Cynthia L. 
Published: August 2005

The federal “Second Chance Act of 2005” calls for expanding reentry services for people leaving prison, yet existing policies restrict access to needed services for those with criminal records. We examined the interaction between individual-level characteristics and policy-level restrictions related to criminal conviction, and the likely effects on access to resources upon reentry, using a sample of prisoners with Axis I mental disorders (n=3073). We identified multiple challenges related to convictions, including restricted access to housing, public assistance, and other resources. Invisible punishments embedded within existing policies were inconsistent with the call for second chances. Without modification of federal and state policies, the ability of reentry services to foster behavioral health and community reintegration is limited.
H Infinity Control
Authors: Zhou Kemin 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe sections in this article areℋ2and ℋ∞NormsWeighted ℋ∞PerformanceRobust StabilizationSelection of Weighting FunctionsGeneral Problem Formulation and Solutionsℋ∞FilteringUnderstanding ℋ∞Controlℋ∞Loop Shapingμ SynthesisAdditional Applications
Kalman Filters and Observers
Authors: Grewal Mohinder S. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe sections in this article areWhite NoiseLinear EstimationThe Linear Optimal Estimator In Discrete Time (Kalman Filter)The Continuous‐Time Optimal Estimator (Kalman‐Bucy Filter)Nonlinear EstimationThe Matrix Riccati Differential EquationControllers, Observers, And The Separation PrincipleImplementation Methods
Nyquist Criterion, Diagrams, and Stability
Authors: Eren Halit , Wong Bert Wei Juet 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe sections in this article areEncirclements and EnclosuresStability ConditionsThe Principal ArgumentSimplified Nyquist CriteriaNyquist DiagramsEffects of Time DelaysNyquist Stability Criterion for Digital SystemsThe Inverse Nyquist and Nyquist Plot for Multivariable Systems
Open‐Loop Oscillatory Control
Authors: Lehman B. , Weibel S. , Baillieul J. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe sections in this article areProblems in Open‐Loop Oscillatory ControlStabilization by Oscillatory Controls: Methods and SolutionsPerformance Improvements and Transient BehaviorResonance Phenomena in Periodically Forced SystemsAcknowledgmentsAppendix 1. Classical Averaging TheoryAppendix 2. Floquet Theory
Optimal Control
Authors: Ito Kazufumi , Kunisch Karl 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe sections in this article areDescriptive Example and Basic ConceptsExistence and Necessary OptimalityLinear Quadratic Regulator ProblemDynamic Programming Principle and Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman EquationLinear Quadratic Regulator Theory and Riccati EquationsNumerical MethodsAcknowledgments
PID Control
Authors: Pierre Donald A. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Characteristics Of Controlled Processes

The Essence of the Pid Terms

Alternative Pid Forms

Two‐Degree‐Of‐Freedom Pid

Practical Derivative Action

Velocity or Incremental Pid Form

Proportional Band

Anti‐Reset‐Windup

Bumpless Transfer

Digital Pid Control

Pid Tuning

Conclusion
Stochastic Optimization, Stochastic Approximation and Simulated Annealing
Authors: Spall James C. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe sections in this article areRobbins–Monro Stochastic ApproximationStochastic Approximation with Gradient Approximations Based on Function MeasurementsSimultaneous Perturbation Stochastic ApproximationSimulated AnnealingConcluding RemarksAcknowledgements
System Identification
Authors: Ljung Lennart 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe sections in this article areThe ProblemBackground and LiteratureOutlineDisplaying the Basic Ideas: Arx Models and the Linear Least Squares MethodModel Structures I: Linear ModelsModel Structures Ii: Nonlinear Black‐Box ModelsGeneral Parameter Estimation TechniquesSpecial Estimation Techniques for Linear Black‐Box ModelsData QualityModel Validation and Model SelectionBack to Data: The Practical Side of Identification
Phased Array Antennas
Authors: Sarkar Tapan K. , Adve Raviraj , Palma Magdalena Salazar 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe sections in this article areStochastic Versus Direct‐Data‐Domain ApproachRadio Direction FindingAdaptive Processing Using The Spatial‐Domain Least‐Squares ApproachIncorporation Of Mutual Coupling In Adaptive AntennasEffect Of NoiseEpilogue
Radar Altimetry
Authors: Raney R. Keith 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe article reviews ocean‐observing radar altimeters hosted on spacecraft in low‐Earth orbit. These instruments measure sea surface topography on global and mesoscales to a height accuracy of a few centimeters. Flight missions since 1973 to the present are summarized. The conventional pulse‐limited full‐deramp modulation technique is illustrated by the design of the TOPEX altimeter. The advanced delay‐Doppler technique is explained, whose benefits extend to ice‐sheet altimetry (CryoSat), and to improved measurement of oceanic gravity anomalies, hence bathymetry. The article concludes with comments on future directions.Radar Altimeter SatellitesGlobal Dynamic Topography‐AccuracyTheoretical FoundationsDeramp on ReceiveThe Topex DesignGravity and Bathymetry‐PrecisionDelay‐DopplerFuture DirectionsWSOA
Antenna Accessories
Authors: Alves Plinio R. G. , Menezes Leonardo R. A. X. , Carvalho Paulo H. P. , Silva Franklin C. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Attenuators

Baluns

Radio‐Frequency Chokes

Coaxial Cable

Insulators

Lightning Arresters

Phase Shifters

Planar Technology

Twin Lead
Dielectric‐Loaded Antennas
Authors: Shafai L. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe sections in this article areDielectric Lens AntennasEffect of Lens on Amplitude DistributionAberrationsZoned LensesReflection from Lens SurfaceLenses withn< 1Constrained LensesInhomogeneous LensesDielectric Loaded HornsDielectric Loaded WaveguidesMicrostrip and Dielectric ResonatorsInsulated AntennasMedical and Biological Antennas
Horn Antennas
Authors: Jull Edward V. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe sections in this article areRadiating Waveguides and HornsHorn Feeds for ReflectorsRadiation from AperturesOpen‐Ended WaveguidesPyramidal and Sectoral HornsConical HornsMultimode and Corrugated HornsProfile HornsHorn Impedance
Linear Antennas
Authors: Bhattacharyya Asoke K. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe sections in this article areSome Relevant TermsThe Infinitesimal, Or Hertzian, DipoleThe Thin Linear AntennaThe Method Of Moments SolutionThe Thick Linear AntennaThe Sleeve DipoleComputer CodesFeed For Linear AntennasBandwidth Of Linear Antennas
Radar Cross‐Section
Authors: Jenn David C. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe sections in this article areDefinition of Radar Cross SectionBasic Scattering Characteristics of BodiesScattering MechanismsPrediction MethodsReduction of Radar Cross SectionsSpecial Stealth IssuesThe Radar EquationCalculation of Radar Cross SectionMeasurement of Radar Cross Section
Radio System Performance
Authors: Zvonar Zoran 
Published: September 2005

AbstractSeveral factors could influence the radio system performance, including radio propagation, radio link design, radio receiver design as well as radio network design. The focus of this section is on the most important elements of the radio‐access portion of the system.Radio link design part covers link budget and frequency planning. Radio propagation addresses path loss prediction models, outdoor and indoor prediction models, effects of environment and small‐scale variations resulting in multipath fading, with emphasis on channel characterization and statistical propagation models. Section on man‐made noise and interference completes the list of external factors that influence the radio performance. The aspects of radio design include radio parameters, diversity techniques, modulation and coding, and interference suppression techniques.Radio Link DesignEffects of EnvironmentSmall‐Scale Variations: Multipath FadingMan‐Made Noise and InterferenceRadio Receiver Design
Radiowave Propagation in Multipath Channels
Authors: Koilpillai R. D. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Basic Definitions

Fading Distributions

Rice Distribution

Characterization of Rayleigh Fading

Simulation of Rayleigh Fading

Characterization of Multipath Channels

Large‐Scale Effects

Conclusion

Appendix
Television Antennas
Authors: Kawakami Haruo 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
The sections in this article are

The Batwing Antenna Element

Theoretical Analysis of Metal‐Bar‐Supported Wideband Full‐Wave Dipole Antennas with a Reflector Plate

Characteristics of 2
L
Twin‐Loop Antennas with Infinite Reflector

Several Popular Transmitting Antennas

Conclusion
Propagation at Extremely Low Frequencies
Authors: Porrat Dana , Fraser‐Smith Antony C. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe sections in this article areSimplified Waveguide ModelApplicationsBackground NoiseThe Schumann ResonanceExtension of The Waveguide ModelAntipodal EffectsIonospheric ReflectionThe Inhomogeneous IonosphereELF Calculation MethodsAcknowledgments
High‐TcSuperconductors, Physical Structures, and Role of Constituents
Authors: Kumar D , Singh Rajiv K. , Kalyanaraman R. , Oktyabrsky S. , Jagannadnam K. , Narayan J. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe sections in this article areCommon Features of High‐TcSuperconductorsStructures of High‐TcSuperconductorsRole of Microstructures in High‐TcSuperconductorsRole of Substituents in High‐TcSuperconductorsConclusion
Superconductors, Stability in Forced Flow
Authors: Bottura Luca , Luongo César 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe sections in this article areSuperconductor StabilityForced‐Flow–Cooled ConductorsStability Margin of Cable‐In‐Conduit Conductors in Supercritical HeliumStability Margin of Cable‐In‐Conduit Conductors in Superfluid HeliumCalculation of the Stability Margin in He‐ICalculation of Stability margin in He‐IiConclusions and Research DirectionsAppendix: Transient Heat Transfer
Superconductors, Stabilization Against Flux Jumps
Authors: Turck B. , Maccioni P. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction

Fundamental Equations and Calculations

General Stability Criterion

Applications to a Few Simplified or Usual Criteria

Summary

Influence of The Outer Shell Thickness and of the Heat Transfer Coefficients

Determination of the Stable Current
I
s
in a Particular Example

Small Perturbation and the Critical State Model

Conclusion

Nomenclature
Superconducting Magnets for Particle Accelerators and Storage Rings
Authors: Devred Arnaud 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe sections in this article areTypes of Particle AcceleratorParticle Accelerators and SuperconductivityConductor and Conductor InsulationMagnetic DesignField QualityMechanical DesignMagnet CoolingQuench PerformanceQuench ProtectionSummary
Superconducting Critical Current
Authors: Warnes William H. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
The sections in this article are

The Resistive Measurement of Critical Current Density

Ultimate Limits to
J
C
: The Depairing Critical Current Density

The Magnetic Flux Line Lattice

Flux Pinning

The Critical State Model of Magnetization

Dissipation Effects in High Current Density Superconductors

Summary and Conclusions
Tunneling and Josephson Junctions
Authors: Ruggiero S. T. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe sections in this article areMetal–Insulator–Metal TunnelingAlternating Current Josephson EffectMagnetic‐Field EffectsThe Resistively Shunted Junction (RSJ) ModelSuperconducting Quantum Interference DevicesMixing and DetectionDigital ApplicationsHigh‐Temperature Superconductor SystemsThree‐Terminal DevicesRelated Superconducting DevicesAcknowledgments
Biomedical Engineering
Authors: Tatroe Tamara L. , Blanchard Susan M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe sections in this article areBiological Effects of Electromagnetic FieldsBiomaterialsBiomechanicsBiomedical InstrumentationBiomedical SensorsBiomedical Signal AnalysisBiotechnologyClinical EngineeringMedical ImagingMedical InformaticsPhysiological Modeling, Simulation, and ControlProstheses and Artificial OrgansRehabilitation EngineeringConclusion
Defibrillators
Authors: Walcott Gregory P. , Ideker Raymond E. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe sections in this article areTypes of DefibrillatorsMeasuring Defibrillation EfficacyEffect of Electrode Size and Location on Defibrillation EfficacyThe Effect of Waveform Shape on Defibrillation EfficacyMechanisms of DefibrillationConclusion
Electroencephalography
Authors: Akay Metin , Blinowska Katerzyna , Durka Piotr 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe sections in this article areHistorical Review of ElectroencephalographyThe Neurophysiological Basis of the EEGRecording StandardsSleep EEGMaturation of the EEGEvent‐Related PotentialsEpileptic Seizure DisordersEEG AnalysisModels of EEG Generation and Chaotic Phenomena in EEG
Electromyography
Authors: Merletti Roberto , Parker Philip 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Anatomy and Physiology

Electrophysiology of Muscles and
EMG
Detection

Applications of
EMG

Fine Wire and Needle
EMG
; Decomposition into The Constituent Muap Trains

Surface
EMG
Detection, Spatial Filters, and Linear Arrays

Myoelectric Manifestations of Muscle Fatigue During Voluntary and Electrically Elicited Isometric Contractions

Measurement of Muscle Fiber Conduction Velocity

Crosstalk and Muscle Movement Artifacts

Movement and Gait Analysis

EMG
Control for Powered Limb Prostheses

Modeling of
EMG
Signals; Model‐Based Interpretation of Array Signals
Medical Expert Systems
Authors: Kerkhof Peter L. M. , Alonso‐Betanzos Amparo , Moret‐Bonillo Vicente 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe sections in this article arePatient Description and the Electronic Patient FileMedical Terminology and EponymsClassification and Coding SystemsMedical Knowledge BasesExpert Systems and Computer Assisted DiagnosisArtificial Neural Networks (ANN)Further ReadingUsability of Expert SystemsKBSHybrid ArchitecturesMethodologies
Microelectrodes
Authors: Durand Dominique M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe sections in this article areMembrane PotentialsGlass Microelectrodes (Micropipettes)Metal MicroelectrodesElectrical Properties of MicroelectrodesElectronic Circuits for MicropipettesIon‐Selective Glass MicroelectrodesMicroelectrodes for Chemical MeasurementsMicroelectrode ArraysNano_Electrodes and Nano_ArraysAcknowledgments
Bioimpedance
Authors: Kerkhof Peter L. M. , Heethaar Robert M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe sections in this article areImpedance CardiographyConductance MeasurementsApplications of Conductance Methods in Various SpeciesAortic Cross‐Sectional Area MeasurementImpedance PneumographyApnea MonitoringTissue Characterization: Two‐ and Four‐Electrode SystemsImpedance TomographyImpedance Spectroscopy
Neurotechnology
Authors: Rutten Wim L. C. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
The sections in this article are

The Motor System: Nerve Regeneration and Neural Prosthetics

Modeling of Electrical Stimulation of Fibers in Peripheral Nerve

Selectivity of Stimulation and Efficiency of a Stimulation Device

Peripheral Nerve Fiber Recording: Modeling and Selectivity

Microfabricated Linear, 2‐D, and 3‐D Multielectrodes

Other Types of Interfaces Between Electrodes and Nerve Tissue

Regeneration Sieve Micro Electrode Arrays

Planar Micro Electrode Arrays for Cultured Neurons

Chronic Implantation and Biocompatibility
Physiological Models Survey
Authors: Kerkhof Peter L.M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe sections in this article areA Primer of Control Systems in PhysiologyModeling in BiologySimulation in PhysiologyBasic Types of Neural Control SystemsFluctuations of the Membrane PotentialControl of Movement and LocomotionClosed Loop Drug DeliveryVision Research and Eye MovementRespiratory ControlControl of Heart and CirculationFractal and Wavelet Analysis of Cardiovascular ParametersEndocrinology
Digital Audio Broadcasting
Authors: Culver Robert 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
The sections in this article are

DAR Concept

Digital Communications Background, Usage and Terms

Defining DAR Technology

DAR System Technical Requirements and Potential Trade‐Offs

Other Technical Solutions

Diversity Implementation Methods and Problems

Existing Band Implementation Problems

Business of Broadcasting Issues

Future Potential: Audio and Data

Specific DAR Technical Discussions

Conclusion
Propagation of Broadcast Transmissions
Authors: Wang John C. H. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe sections in this article areGround‐Wave PropagationThe Sky‐Wave Propagation EnvironmentSky‐Wave Propagation atLFandMFSky‐Wave Propagation at High FrequencySpace‐Wave Propagation atVHFandUHFAcknowledgments and Closing RemarksGlossary
Transmitters for Amplitude Modulation Broadcasting
Authors: Woodard George W. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe sections in this article areAmplitude Modulation TheoryBasic Systems of Amplitude ModulationSolid State Equipment and CircuitryTransmitter CircuitryTransmitter Modulation PerformanceImportant Am‐stereo Transmitter CharacteristicsInternational Shortwave Broadcast TransmittersAudio Processing and Preemphasis
Transmitters for FM Broadcasting
Authors: Mendenhall, P.E. Geoffrey N. , Fry Richard J. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe sections in this article areTheFMBroadcast TransmitterFMBroadcast Transmitter Power Output RequirementsRFPower AmplifiersEffects of Circuit Topology and Tuning on FM Modulation PerformanceAdaptive Control of the Combiner ConfigurationSolid‐StateFMBroadcast TransmittersCombined Transmitters
Boolean Functions
Authors: Mc Crosky Carl D. , Wang Yuke 
Published: September 2005

Abstract

Boolean functions
and the underlying
Boolean algebra
are an essential mathematical foundation of digital technology. Nearly all technological applications that involve representation, manipulation, communication, or storage of information are built on this foundation. Examples include computers; telecommunications networks; music, game, photography, and video devices; and control systems in a myriad of products such as automobiles, industrial equipment, and banking machines.

Introduction

History of Mathematical Development

Definition of Boolean Algebra

Language of Boolean Algebra Statements

Axioms and Theorems

Proofs

Reduction

Closed and Complete

Additional Syntaxes and Omitted Parentheses

Definition of Functions

Cartesian Products and Boolean Cubes

Functions of

Truth Tables

Canonical Representations (
SOP
and
POS
)

Minimization

Cycles of Canonical Representations

Nested Logic Forms

Logic Gates

Switching Circuits

Complements and Restrictions

Data Structures for Boolean Functions

Algorithms for Boolean Functions

Classification of Boolean Functions

Standard Boolean Functions

Implementations of Boolean Functions

Computer Aided Design

State Machines
Computer Evaluation
Authors: Bradley M. , Dawson R. J. , de Chazal M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe sections in this article areTypes of EvaluationThe Ultimate Evaluation Measure—Whole‐Life CostThe Application of Whole‐Life Costing to Computer EvaluationTiming of the Application of Whole Life CostingThe Process of EvaluationThe Difficulties of Applying the Whole‐Life Cost EvaluationUsing Genetic Algorithms to Select the Least‐Cost OptionBenchmarking Verses the Collection of Local In‐Service DataThe Distribution of Costs Over the System LifeData and Costs Concerned with Computer System UseCase Study: Monitoring Computer UseThe Use of The Helpdesk for Operational DataCase Study: Using the Helpdesk to Minimize Maintenance Costs using Deterministic MethodsThe Maintenance Options Considered in the Case StudyApplying Availability Principles in the Whole‐Life Cost CalculationFailure Data Collection, Manipulation, and UseCase Study: Deriving Failure Probabilities and Establishing Cost of OwnershipUsing Requirements Capture As a Method of EvaluationCase Study: Using Requirements Capture for Software EvaluationThe Life of a Computer SystemConclusion
Emulators
Authors: Butts Michael 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe sections in this article areDefinitionUsageTypes of EmulatorsCapabilities and ComparisonsFPGA‐Based Logic Emulators: Hardware ArchitectureFPGA‐Based Logic Emulators: Software ArchitectureFPGA‐Based Logic Emulator ExampleProcessor‐Based Logic EmulatorsAdvanced TopicsOther Uses of the Term
Fault Tolerant Computing
Authors: Arlat J. , Crouzet Y. , Deswarte Y. , Laprie J.-C. , Powell D. , David P. , Dega J. L. , Rabéjac C. , Schindler H. , Soucailles J.-F. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe sections in this article areBasic Concepts and TerminologyError DetectionError RecoveryDistributed SystemsFault‐Tolerant System DevelopmentCase StudySummary and Future DirectionsGeneral Conclusions
Formal Logic
Authors: Manca Vincenzo 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe sections in this article areThe Syntax of Predicate LogicThe Semantics of Predicate LogicPropositional LogicCompleteness and CompactnessLöwenheim–Skolem TheoremsSkolem Forms and Herbrand ExpansionsLogical CalculiLogical RepresentabilityUndecidability and Incompleteness
Internet Companies
Authors: Latchman Haniph A. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Dedicated and Dial‐Up Internet Access

Basic Internet Applications—Internet Software Companies

World Wide Web Software Companies—Servers and Browsers

WWW
Servers

WWW
Browsers

WWW
Content Development and
WWW
Hosting Companies

Web Site Development Companies

WWW
Hosting Companies

Companies Supporting Real‐Time Content on the Internet

Internet Security and Consulting Companies

Advertising on the Internet

Conclusion
Interrupts
Authors: Smith Jonathan M. , Chung Jeffrey D. , Traw C. Brendan S. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe sections in this article areWhy Interrupts?Multiprocessing, Interrupts, and SchedulingAnalyzing Interrupt PerformanceAn Alternative Event‐Signaling Scheme: Clocked InterruptsEvaluating Interrupts: TheHPAfterburner andUPENN ATMLink AdapterImplementation of the Clocked Interrupt Scheme on the AfterburnerATMLink AdapterPerformanceSummary and Recent WorkAcknowledgments
Hypertext Markup Language
Authors: Kinsner W. , Kinsner M. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
The sections in this article are

The Structure of
HTML

Page Tags

Hyperlinks

Textual Contents

Simple Graphics as Separators and Spacers

Tables as Structural 2D Composition of Objects

Displaying Full Graphics

Other
HTML
Facilities

Future Trends

Appendix 1.
HTML
Tags by Categories

Appendix 2. Complete List of Special Characters

Appendix 3.
ASCII
Characters that Must be Coded in
URL
s