bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of mouse hepatic genes in response to diet induced obesity, insulin resistance and fasting induced weight reduction
Authors: Raab R Michael , Bullen John , Kelleher Joanne , Mantzoros Christos , Stephanopoulos Gregory 
Published: June 2005

Abstract

Background
Obesity is associated with insulin resistance that can often be improved by caloric restriction and weight reduction. Although many physiological changes accompanying insulin resistance and its treatment have been characterized, the genetic mechanisms linking obesity to insulin resistance are largely unknown. We used DNA microarrys and RT-PCR to investigate significant changes in hepatic gene transcription in insulin resistant, diet-induced obese (DIO)-C57/BL/6J mice and DIO-C57/BL/6J mice fasted for 48 hours, whose weights returned to baseline levels during these conditions.

Results
Transcriptional profiling of hepatic mRNA revealed over 1900 genes that were significantly perturbed between control, DIO, and fasting/weight reduced DIO mice. From this set, our bioinformatics analysis identified 41 genes that rigorously discriminate these groups of mice. These genes are associated with molecular pathways involved in signal transduction, and protein metabolism and secretion. Of particular interest are genes that participate in pathways responsible for modulating insulin sensitivity. DIO altered expression of genes in directions that would be anticipated to antagonize insulin sensitivity, while fasting/ weight reduction partially or completely normalized their levels. Among these discriminatory genes, Sh3kbp1 and RGS3, may have special significance. Sh3kbp1, an endogenous inhibitor of PI-3-kinase, was upregulated by high-fat feeding, but normalized to control levels by fasting/weight reduction. Because insulin signaling occurs partially through PI-3-kinase, increased expression of Sh3kbp1 by DIO mice may contribute to hepatic insulin resistance via inhibition of PI-3-kinase. RGS3, a suppressor of G-protein coupled receptor generation of cAMP, was repressed by high-fat feeding, but partially normalized by fasting/weight reduction. Decreased expression of RGS3 may augment levels of cAMP and thereby contribute to increased, cAMP-induced, hepatic glucose output via phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK1), whose mRNA levels were also elevated.

Conclusion
These findings demonstrate that hepatocytes respond to DIO and weight reduction by controlling gene transcription in a variety of important molecular pathways. Future studies that characterize the physiological significance of the identified genes in modulating energy homeostasis could provide a better understanding of the mechanisms linking DIO with insulin resistance.
Microalbuminuria in Diabetes
Authors: Mangili Ruggero 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
Microalbuminuria is still the only early abnormality of the diabetic kidney that has an established prognostic value. Microalbuminuria evolves into clinical nephropathy and renal failure in a majority of cases of insulin-dependent diabetic patients, and is defined by the detection of urinary albumin excretion rates of 20–200 μg/min in timed urine collections. The occurrence of microalbuminuria at rates of 5–27 % of non-proteinuric patients and cost-benefit considerations justify the screening for microalbuminuria in diabetic outpatient clinics. Both near-normalisation of glycaemic control and treatment with ACE-inhibitors are indicated in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes to correct the progression of micro- to macroalbuminuria. Other therapeutic perspectives are being considered, but the current notion that the available therapies may not arrest the course of nephropathy at this stage suggests that earlier interventions may be required. Prevention of microalbuminuria and overt nephropathy may require a primary approach to the subset of patients with a genetic predisposition to this complication, and several studies (candidate gene or genomic scan with microsatellite probes) now address the chromosomal loci and the nature of the genes that may involved.
Witchcraft for Sale! Commodity vs. Community in the Neopagan Movement
Authors: Waldron David 
Published: June 2005

The growth of the Pagan and Witchcraft revivalist movements (Neopaganism) is well documented in the Anglophone world. However, Witchcraft movements are also closely linked to a vibrant set of subcultures and a multitude of representations in popular culture. In this context investigating the relationship between Witchcraft as a religious community and its representation in consumer culture and mass media is extremely significant. This article examines the ambiguous relationship between witch and Wiccan communities and the vast array of merchandising, popular culture and media representations that surround them.
In creating the WIKID WITCH KIT I hope to take you on a magickal and exciting journey! Through ritual, music, song and spoken word I will help you unleash your inner magick and discover the wonderful and positively empowering world of Witchcraft.
As part of this journey you will discover your WIKID magickal name, giving you access to our exclusive website and online coven. There you can meet up with other WIKID Witches to swap spells, stories, and ideas. And every full moon I will personally join you for an online gathering—which will be truly WIKID.
WIKID Witch Kit features WIKID Magick Fizz/WIKID Magick Potions/WIKID Magick Fire/WIKID Magick Star/WIKID Magick Cord/WIKID Magick Audio CD.1
Water‐soluble photopolymers for rapid prototyping of cellular materials
Authors: Liska R. , Schwager F. , Maier C. , Cano‐Vives R. , Stampfl J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractCommercial light‐sensitive resins for Rapid Prototyping of cellular materials are often unsuitable for different molding techniques because removal of the mold uses thermal decomposition at temperatures of up to 600°C. In this study, a resin formulation based on water‐soluble polymers was developed and evaluated regarding its usability as sacrificial mold material. The base monomer dimethylacrylamide gave fast curing and excellent polymer solubility. Methacrylic acid was found to be a useful comonomer to improve mechanical strength and feature resolution. The latter criterion was also improved by adding poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) as filler and by using a hydrolytically cleavable crosslinking agent such as methacrylic acid anhydride. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 2286–2298, 2005
Arsenite oxidation in batch reactors with alginate‐immobilized ULPAs1 strain
Authors: Simeonova Diliana D. , Micheva Kalina , Muller Daniel A.E. , Lagarde Florence , Lett Marie‐Claire , Groudeva Veneta I. , Lièvremont Didier 
Published: June 2005

AbstractArsenic is one of the major groundwater contaminants worldwide. It was previously demonstrated that the β‐proteobacterium Cenibacterium arsenoxidans has an efficient As[III] oxidation ability. The present study was conducted to evaluate the performance of alginate‐immobilized ULPAs1 in the oxidation of As[III] to As[V] in batch reactors. A two‐level full factorial experimental design was applied to investigate the influence of main parameters involved in the oxidation process, i.e., pH (7–8), temperature (4°C–25°C), kind of nutrient media (2%–20% sauerkraut brine), and arsenic concentration (10–100 mg/L). One hundred milligram per liter of As[III] was fully oxidized by calcium‐alginate immobilized cells in 1 h. It was found that the temperature as well as the kind of nutrient media used were significant parameters at a 95% confidence interval whereas only temperature was a significant parameter at a 99% confidence interval. The immobilization of the As[III] oxidizing strain in alginate beads offers a promising way to implement new treatment processes in the remediation of arsenic contaminated waters. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simulation of gentamicin delivery for the local treatment of osteomyelitis
Authors: Lee Chian Guan , Fu Yin‐Chih , Wang Chi‐Hwa 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn order to understand the effect of antibiotics delivery to bone tissue, by biodegradable polymeric drug disc, for the treatment of osteomyelitis, a three‐dimensional simulation model is developed. The simulation investigates the effect of pressure‐induced convection on drug distribution, by taking into account the pressure gradient that exists between capillaries and interstitial space, and also as a result of the surgical opening. The clotting process at the surgical opening is incorporated into the simulation, and the effect of clotting duration is investigated. The clotting duration for the baseline simulation is 2 days and it is observed that increasing this duration depresses the mean drug concentration in the marrow and cortical bone. The effect of double burst release profile is also studied and it is observed that drug concentration drops too rapidly after the first burst to provide any therapeutic effect. However, it is shown that the drug concentration after the second burst stays above the minimum inhibitory concentration of the bacteria for a longer period of time, than would have been observed for a mono‐burst release. Inserting non‐biodegradable polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) beads into bone seems to cause a higher average concentration of drug in the marrow. However, this could be brought about by the difference in the geometry between the disc and the bead, and the amount of drug packed in each bead. Further simulations on the management of dead space shows the ineffectiveness of having the void filled up with surgical gel as it becomes an additional barrier to drug delivery to the infected tissues. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimization of tetracycline‐responsive recombinant protein production and effect on cell growth and ER stress in mammalian cells
Authors: Jones Jullian , Nivitchanyong Tarangsri , Giblin Christina , Ciccarone Valentina , Judd David , Gorfien Stephen , Krag Sharon S. , Betenbaugh Michael J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe inducible T‐REx system and other inducible expression systems have been developed in order to control the expression levels of recombinant protein in mammalian cells. In order to study the effects of heterologous protein expression on mammalian host behavior, the gene for recombinant Human transferrin (hTf) was integrated into HEK‐293 cells and expressed under the control of the T‐REx inducible technology (293‐TetR‐Hyg‐hTf) or using a constitutive promoter (293‐CMV‐hTf). A number of inducible clones with variable expression levels were identified for the T‐REx system with levels of hTf for the high expressing clones nearly double those obtained using the constitutive cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter. The level of transferrin produced was found to increase proportionately with tetracycline concentration between 0 and 1 μg/mL with no significant increases in transferrin production above 1 μg/mL. As a result, the optimal induction time and tetracycline concentrations were determined to be the day of plating and 1 μg/mL, respectively. Interestingly, the cells induced to express transferrin, 293‐TetR‐Hyg‐hTf, exhibited lower viable cell densities and percent viabilities than the uninduced cultures for multiple clonal isolates. In addition, the induction of transferrin expression was found to cause an increase in the expression of the ER‐stress gene, BiP, that was not observed in the uninduced cells. However, both uninduced and induced cell lines containing the hTf gene exhibited longer survival in culture than the control cells, possibly as a result of the positive effects of hTf on cell survival. Taken together, these results suggest that the high level expression of complex proteins in mammalian cells can limit the viable cell densities of cells in culture as a result of cellular stresses caused by generating proteins that may be difficult to fold or are otherwise toxic to cells. The application of inducible systems such as the T‐REx technology will allow us to optimize protein production while limiting the negative effects that result from these cellular stresses. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hydrodynamic study of biogranules obtained from an anaerobic hybrid reactor
Authors: Saravanan V. , Sreekrishnan T.R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe bed expansion characteristics of a fluidized bed containing bacterial granules have been studied. These biogranules were obtained from an anaerobic hybrid reactor, which uses biogranules (without carrier particle) in fluidized condition. The settling velocity study of biogranules has shown that the drag coefficient of biogranule is greater than that of the rigid particle at the same Reynolds number. A new correlation based on this finding has been developed. The bed expansion study has demonstrated that a linear relationship exists between the natural logarithm of bed porosity and the natural logarithm of upflow superficial liquid velocity for the bed containing either a particular fraction of biogranule size or biogranules with wide size distribution. For a fluidized bed having a particular granule size, the bed porosity, and liquid superficial velocity could be related by the classic equation suggested by Richardson and Zaki (1954). The characteristic parameter of this correlation, the slope of the line n, has been related with Reynolds number. The intercept of the line gave a smaller value than the unhindered settling velocity of the particle. For fluidized bed having wide size distribution, the characteristic parameter n could not be related to Reynolds number. But the correlation suggested for single biogranule size has been found to predict n value with an average error of 2.3%. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
2‐Diphenylphosphinoyloxybenzaldehyde 4‐Nitrophenyl‐, 4‐Phenyl‐1‐phthalazinyl‐, and Aroylhydrazones and Thiosemicarbazone
Authors: Bagrov F. V. , Vasil'eva T. V. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Crystal Structure, Magnetic Behavior and Valence State of Ytterbium in the Yb4Ni10+xGa21‐x Phase.
Authors: Vasylechko L. , Schnelle W. , Burkhardt U. , Ramlau R. , Niewa R. , Borrmann H. , Hiebl K. , Hu Z. , Grin Yu. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Copper Triflate [Cu(OTf)2] is an Efficient and Mild Catalyst for the Silylation of α‐Hydroxyphosphonates to α‐Trimethylsilyloxyphosphonates with HMDS at Room Temperature.
Authors: Firouzabadi Habib , Iranpoor Nasser , Sobhani Sara , Ghassamipour Soheila , Amoozgar Zohreh 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Stereospecific Preparation of Two Perfluoro‐1,3‐butadiene Synthons; (E)‐1‐Trimethylsilyl‐1,2,3,4,4‐pentafluoro‐1,3‐butadiene and (E)‐1‐Tributylstannyl‐1,2,3,4,4‐pentafluoro‐1,3‐butadiene
Authors: Lim Chongsoo , Burton Donald J. , Wesolowski Craig A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Highly Enantioselective Rhodium‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of β‐Dehydroamino Acid Derivatives Using Monodentate Phosphoramidites.
Authors: Pena Diego , Minnaard Adriaan J. , de Vries Johannes G. , Feringa Ben L. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reactions of Methyl 3‐Bromoacetylazulene‐1‐carboxylate with 2‐Aminopyridines and Related Compounds. Synthesis of Azulenes Bearing Imidazole‐Fused Nitrogen‐Heterocycles.
Authors: Miyashita Yumiko , Kikuchi Shigeru , Imafuku Kimiaki 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Anellation of 3,4‐Dihydroisoquinolines with 3‐Acylthiotetronic Acids: Synthesis and Properties of 8‐Aza‐16‐thiagona‐12,17‐diones and 3,4‐Dihydroisoquinolinium 3‐Acetylthiotetronate.
Authors: Budnikova M. V. , Rubinov D. B. , Mikhal'chuk A. L. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Cholinesterase Inhibiting Steroidal Alkaloids from the Leaves of Sarcococca coriacea of Nepalese Origin.
Authors: Kalauni Surya K. , Choudhary Muhammad Iqbal , Khalid Asaad , Manandhar Mangala Devi , Shaheen Farzana , Atta‐ur‐Rahman Atta‐ur‐Rahman , Gewali Mohan Bikram 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
B/C/N Materials and B4C Synthesized by a Non‐Oxide Sol—Gel Process.
Authors: Voelger Karl W. , Kroke Edwin , Gervais Christel , Saito Tomohiro , Babonneau Florence , Riedel Ralf , Iwamoto Yuji , Hirayama Tsukasa 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A New Practical Method for the Osmium‐Catalyzed Dihydroxylation of Olefins Using Bleach as the Terminal Oxidant.
Authors: Mehltretter Gerald M. , Bhor Santosh , Klawonn Markus , Doebler Christian , Sundermeier Uta , Eckert Markus , Militzer Hans‐Christian , Beller Matthias 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Efficient Route to Novel 2‐(Salicylmethylidine)imidazolidines and (Salicylmethylidene)hexahydropyrimidines Through Reactions of 2‐(N‐Methylanilino)‐3‐formylchromone with Aliphatic Diamines.
Authors: Singh Gurmit , Singh Gurpinder , Ishar M. P. S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Palladium(II) Chloride Catalyzes the Cross‐Coupling Reaction of 2,5‐Bis‐(butyltelluro)‐furan and 1‐Alkynes.
Authors: Zeni Gilson , Nogueira Cristina W. , Silva Dagoberto O. , Menezes Paulo H. , Braga Antonio L. , Stefani Helio A. , Rocha Joao B. T. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel Stereoselective Synthesis of Functionalized Oxazolidinones from Chiral Aziridines.
Authors: Park Chan Sun , Kim Min Sung , Sim Tae Bo , Pyun Do Kyu , Lee Cheol Hae , Choi Daeock , Lee Won Koo , Chang Jae‐Won , Ha Hyun‐Joon 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ammonium Chloride Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidin‐2‐(1H)‐ones under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Shaabani Ahmad , Bazgir Ayoob , Teimouri Fatemeh 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Alkyl Esters of 2‐[5‐Chloro(bromo)‐6‐methoxy‐4‐methylpyrimidinyl‐2‐oxy]alkanoic Acids.
Authors: Dovlatyan V. V. , Eliazyan K. A. , Pivazyan V. A. , Kazaryan E. A. , Engoyan A. P. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
First Comprehensive Bakkane Approach: Stereoselective and Efficient Dichloroketene‐Based Total Syntheses of (.+‐.)‐ and (‐)‐9‐Acetoxyfukinanolide, (.+‐.)‐ and (+)‐Bakkenolide A, (‐)‐Bakkenolides III, B, C, H, L, V, and X, (.+‐.)‐ and (‐)‐Homogynolide A, (.+‐.)‐Homogynolide B, and (.+‐.)‐Palmosalide C.
Authors: Brocksom Timothy J. , Coelho Fernando , Depres Jean‐Pierre , Greene Andrew E. , Freire de Lima Marco E. , Hamelin Olivier , Hartmann Benoit , Kanazawa Alice M. , Wang Yanyun 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Intramolecular Allylboration of γ‐(ω‐Formylalkoxy)allylboronates for Syntheses of trans‐ or cis‐2‐(Ethenyl)tetrahydropyran‐3‐ol and 2‐(Ethenyl)oxepan‐3‐ol.
Authors: Yamamoto Yasunori , Kurihara Kazunori , Yamada Akihiko , Takahashi Miki , Takahashi Youichi , Miyaura Norio 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ethyl Nitroacetate as a Useful Synthon for the Synthesis of Orthogonally Protected, Polyfunctional C[α,α]‐ Disubstituted Amino Acids
Authors: Fu Yanwen , Hammarstrom Lars G. J. , Miller Tod J. , McLaughlin Mark L. , Hammer Robert P. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
[(FeIII(OH2)2)3 (A‐α‐PW9O34)2]9‐ on Cationic Silica Nanoparticles, a New Type of Material and Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for Aerobic Oxidations.
Authors: Okun Nelya M. , Anderson Travis M. , Hill Craig L. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel Indium‐Mediated Ternary Reactions Between Indole‐3‐carboxaldehydes—Allyl Bromide—Enamines: Facile Synthesis of Bisindolyl‐ and Indolyl‐Heterocyclic Alkanes.
Authors: Kumar Subodh , Kumar Vijay , Chimni Swapandeep Singh 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Highly Enantioselective Copper‐Catalyzed Conjugate Addition of Diethylzinc to Enones Using Chiral Spiro Phosphoramidites as Ligands.
Authors: Zhou Hai , Wang Wen‐Hu , Fu Yu , Xie Jian‐Hua , Shi Wen‐Jian , Wang Li‐Xin , Zhou Qi‐Lin 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Indeno[2,1‐a]pyrrolo[3,4‐c]carbazole Lactam Regioisomers Using Ethyl cis‐β‐Cyanoacrylate as a Dienophile and Lactam Precursor.
Authors: Hudkins Robert L. , Park Chung Ho 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Azetidin‐2‐ones by [2 + 2] Cycloaddition Using Chiral Imines Derived from D‐(+)‐Glucose.
Authors: Arun M. , Joshi S. N. , Puranik V. G. , Bhawal B. M. , Deshmukh A. R A. S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Lanthanide Triflate Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐thiones by a Three‐Component of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds, Aldehydes, and Thiourea Using a Solvent‐Free Biginelli Condensation.
Authors: Wang Limin , Qian Changtao , Tian He , Ma Yun 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Epidermal growth factor receptor expression correlates with poor survival in patients who have breast carcinoma treated with doxorubicin‐based neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Buchholz Thomas A. , Tu Xiaoyu , Ang K. Kian , Esteva Francisco J. , Kuerer Henry M. , Pusztai Lajos , Cristofanilli Massimo , Singletary S. Eva , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. , Sahin Aysegul A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo the authors' knowledge there are few data that correlate the expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) with the outcome of patients who have breast carcinoma and are treated with anthracycline chemotherapy.METHODSPretreatment tumor tissue samples were available from 82 patients who had locally advanced breast carcinoma and were treated on 2 protocols investigating neoadjuvant 5‐fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide chemotherapy. Immunohistochemical staining for EGFR (diluted 1:50) was performed, and the staining results were interpreted without knowledge of outcome.RESULTSFourteen tumors (17%) were EGFR‐positive, and 68 tumors (83%) were EGFR‐negative. EGFR expression did not correlate with clinical stage (P = 0.361), HER‐2/neu overexpression (P = 0.503), estrogen or progesterone receptor status (P = 0.631 and P = 0.838, respectively), nuclear grade (P = 0.448), or proliferative index (P = 0.769). Patients who had EGFR‐positive tumors had a worse 5‐year disease‐free survival (DFS) rate (46% vs. 76%; P = 0.026) and overall survival (OS) rate (46% vs. 76%; P = 0.037) compared with patients who had EGFR‐negative tumors. The pathologic complete response rate did not differ between the 2 groups (P = 0.389), although patients with EGFR‐positive disease more commonly had ≥ 4 positive lymph nodes after chemotherapy (64% vs. 29%; P = 0.028). EGFR expression continued to show a significant correlation with poorer DFS and OS in a Cox regression analysis model that included the presence or absence of four or more lymph nodes and EGFR status.CONCLUSIONSEGFR expression may have prognostic significance in patients with locally advanced breast carcinoma who are treated with anthracycline chemotherapy. These data warrant further studies aimed at correlating EGFR expression and outcome in patients who have breast carcinoma treated with doxorubicin‐based chemotherapy. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.