bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Capsicum terpenoid biosynthetic module is affected by spider-mite herbivory
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Kashkooli Arman B. , Blom Suze , Zhao Tao , Bouwmeester Harro J. , Kappers Iris F. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn response to herbivory, Capsicum annuum leaves adapt their specialized metabolome that may protect the plant against herbivore feeding either directly or indirectly through volatile metabolites acting as cues for natural enemies of the herbivore. The volatile blend of spider-mite infested leaves differs from non-challenged leaves predominantly by a higher contribution of mono- and sesquiterpenes. In addition to these terpenoids released into the headspace, the terpenoid composition of the leaves alters upon herbivory. All this suggests an important role for terpenoids and their biosynthetic machinery in the defence against herbivory. Here, we show that the C. annuum genome contains a terpene synthase (TPS) gene family of 103 putative members of which structural analysis revealed that 27 encode functional enzymes. Transcriptome analysis showed that several TPS loci were differentially expressed upon herbivory in leaves of two C. annuum genotypes, that differ in susceptibility towards spider mites. The relative expression of upstream biosynthetic genes from the mevalonate and the methylerythritol phosphate pathway also altered upon herbivory, revealing a shift in the metabolic flux through the terpene biosynthetic module. The expression of multiple genes potentially acting downstream of the TPSs, including cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, UDP-glucosyl transferases, and transcription factors strongly correlated with the herbivory-induced TPS genes. A selection of herbivory-induced TPS genes was functionally characterized through heterologous expression and the products that these enzymes catalysed matched with the volatile and non-volatile terpenoids induced in response to herbivory.
Tracking the first electron transfer step at the donor side of oxygen-evolving photosystem II by time-resolved infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Dekmak Mohamad Yahia , Mäusle Sarah M. , Brandhorst Janosch , Simon Philipp S. , Dau Holger 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn oxygen-evolving photosystem II (PSII), the multi-phasic electron transfer from a redox-active tyrosine residue (TyrZ) to a chlorophyll cation radical (P680+) precedes the water-oxidation chemistry of the S-state cycle of the Mn4Ca cluster. Here we investigate these early events, observable within about 10 ns to 10 ms after laser-flash excitation, by time-resolved single-frequency infrared (IR) spectroscopy in the spectral range of 1310–1890 cm−1 for oxygen-evolving PSII membrane particles from spinach. Comparing the IR difference spectra at 80 ns, 500 ns, and 10 µs allowed for the identification of quinone, P680 and TyrZ contributions. A broad electronic absorption band assignable P680+ was used to trace largely specifically the P680+ reduction kinetics. The experimental time resolution was taken into account in least-square fits of P680+ transients with a sum of four exponentials, revealing two nanosecond phases (30–46 ns and 690–1110 ns) and two microsecond phases (4.5–8.3 µs and 42 µs), which mostly exhibit a clear S-state dependence, in agreement with results obtained by other methods. Our investigation paves the road for further insight in the early events associated with TyrZ oxidation and their role in the preparing the PSII donor side for the subsequent water oxidation chemistry.
Insights into the immunological description of cryoglobulins with regard to detection and characterization in Slovenian rheumatological patients
Authors: Ogrič Manca , Švec Tinka , Poljšak Katjuša Mrak , Lakota Katja , Podovšovnik Eva , Kolopp-Sarda Marie Nathalie , Hočevar Alojzija , Čučnik Saša 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe detection of cryoglobulins (CG) used to diagnose cryoglobulinemic vasculitis requires strict adherence to protocol, with emphasis on the preanalytical part. Our main objectives were to introduce a more sensitive and specific protocol for the detection of CG and to characterize CG in Slovenian patients diagnosed with cryoglobulinemic vasculitis, other vasculitides, connective tissue diseases or non-rheumatic diseases examined at the Department of Rheumatology (University Medical Centre Ljubljana). Samples were routinely analyzed for the presence of CG with the protocol using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. In the newly introduced protocol, the type of CG was determined by immunofixation on visually observed positive samples and the concentration of CG in the cryoprecipitate and rheumatoid factor (RF) activity were measured by nephelometry. RF, C3c and C4 were measured in patients` serum and a decision tree analysis was performed using all results. The agreement between negative and positive results between the two protocols was 86%. Of the 258 patient samples tested, we found 56 patients (21.7%) with positive CG (37.5% - type II, 62.5% - type III). The RF activity was observed in 21.4% of CG positive subjects. The median concentration of type II CG was significantly higher than that of type III CG (67.4 mg/L vs. 45.0 mg/L, p = 0.037). Patients with type II had lower C4 concentrations and higher RF compared to patients with type III CG. In the decision tree, C4 was the strongest predictor of cryoglobulinemia in patients. With the newly implemented protocol, we were able to improve the detection and quantification of CG in the samples of our rheumatology patients and report the results to adequately support clinicians.
Low friction under ultrahigh contact pressure enabled by self-assembled fluorinated azobenzene layers
Authors: Xue Dandan , Xu Zhi , Guo Linyuan , Luo Wendi , Ma Liran , Tian Yu , Ma Ming , Zeng Qingdao , Deng Ke , Zhang Wenjing , Xia Yichun , Wen Shizhu , Luo Jianbin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractExtensive efforts have been made to pursue a low-friction state with promising applications in many fields, such as mechanical and biomedical engineering. Among which, the load capacity of the low-friction state has been considered to be crucial for industrial applications. Here, we report a low friction under ultrahigh contact pressure by building a novel self-assembled fluorinated azobenzene layer on an atomically smooth highly-oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface. Sliding friction coefficients could be as low as 0.0005 or even lower under a contact pressure of up to 4 GPa. It demonstrates that the low friction under ultrahigh contact pressure is attributed to molecular fluorination. The fluorination leads to effective and robust lubrication between the tip and the self-assembled layer and enhances tighter rigidity which can reduce the stress concentration in the substrate, which was verified by density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. This work provides a new approach to avoid the failure of ultralow friction coefficient under relatively high contact pressure, which has promising potential application value in the future.
Step-by-Step Modulation of Crystalline Features and Exciton Kinetics for 19.2% Efficiency Ortho-Xylene Processed Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Zou Bosen , Wu Weiwei , Dela Peña Top Archie , Ma Ruijie , Luo Yongmin , Hai Yulong , Xie Xiyun , Li Mingjie , Luo Zhenghui , Wu Jiaying , Yang Chuluo , Li Gang , Yan He 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWith plenty of popular and effective ternary organic solar cells (OSCs) construction strategies proposed and applied, its power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) have come to a new level of over 19% in single-junction devices. However, previous studies are heavily based in chloroform (CF) leaving behind substantial knowledge deficiencies in understanding the influence of solvent choice when introducing a third component. Herein, we present a case where a newly designed asymmetric small molecular acceptor using fluoro-methoxylated end-group modification strategy, named BTP-BO-3FO with enlarged bandgap, brings different morphological evolution and performance improvement effect on host system PM6:BTP-eC9, processed by CF and ortho-xylene (o-XY). With detailed analyses supported by a series of experiments, the best PCE of 19.24% for green solvent-processed OSCs is found to be a fruit of finely tuned crystalline ordering and general aggregation motif, which furthermore nourishes a favorable charge generation and recombination behavior. Likewise, over 19% PCE can be achieved by replacing spin-coating with blade coating for active layer deposition. This work focuses on understanding the commonly met yet frequently ignored issues when building ternary blends to demonstrate cutting-edge device performance, hence, will be instructive to other ternary OSC works in the future.
From VIB- to VB-Group Transition Metal Disulfides: Structure Engineering Modulation for Superior Electromagnetic Wave Absorption
Authors: Cheng Junye , Jin Yongheng , Zhao Jinghan , Jing Qi , Gu Bailong , Wei Jialiang , Yi Shenghui , Li Mingming , Nie Wanli , Qin Qinghua , Zhang Deqing , Zheng Guangping , Che Renchao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe laminated transition metal disulfides (TMDs), which are well known as typical two-dimensional (2D) semiconductive materials, possess a unique layered structure, leading to their wide-spread applications in various fields, such as catalysis, energy storage, sensing, etc. In recent years, a lot of research work on TMDs based functional materials in the fields of electromagnetic wave absorption (EMA) has been carried out. Therefore, it is of great significance to elaborate the influence of TMDs on EMA in time to speed up the application. In this review, recent advances in the development of electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbers based on TMDs, ranging from the VIB group to the VB group are summarized. Their compositions, microstructures, electronic properties, and synthesis methods are presented in detail. Particularly, the modulation of structure engineering from the aspects of heterostructures, defects, morphologies and phases are systematically summarized, focusing on optimizing impedance matching and increasing dielectric and magnetic losses in the EMA materials with tunable EMW absorption performance. Milestones as well as the challenges are also identified to guide the design of new TMDs based dielectric EMA materials with high performance.
Caste and schooling in professional cricket in India and England
Authors: Borooah Vani Kant 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper’s theme is about opportunities in cricket—offered and denied. It discusses opportunities offered systemically to members of certain groups and denied to those who belong to other groups. In India, this takes the form of a person’s caste to which a person is born; in England, the type of school that one attended is relevant; and in South Africa, skin colour plays an important role in determining one’s chances of playing representative cricket. It is very easy to underestimate the importance of opportunities in sculpting sporting success by, instead, ascribing success to a sportsperson’s talent and natural gifts.
Epidemiology and management of neuroendocrine neoplasms of unknown origin: an overview
Authors: Rhonheimer Lena , Refardt Julie , Christ Emanuel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) are rare tumors, mainly located in the lungs, pancreas or gastrointestinal tract. In some NENs the origin remains unidentified. They are referred to as cancer of unknown primary (CUP). Since only 9–14% of NENs are CUP, data about prognosis and therapy is scarce. Therefore, this paper aims to summarize the current knowledge on patients with CUP-NENs.

Methods
This analysis is a literature review, including the following databases, PubMed and Google Scholar, using the keywords neuroendocrine tumor, cancer of unknown origin, unknown primary, CUP, epidemiology, definition, therapy guidelines, survival. In all, 47 articles were selected and included.

Results
The available literature indicated that the median age of onset was higher in CUP compared to NENs of known origin. CUP had a comparatively higher rate of poorly differentiated neoplasia. The recommended imaging modality was computed tomography (CT), complemented by positron emission tomography (PET)/CT, using 68Gallium-labeled somatostatin analogues (68Ga DOTATOC, DOTANOC or DOTATATE PET/CT). Surgical resection was suggested as first-line therapy. Other treatment options included chemotherapy, somatostatin analogues, molecular therapy and radiotherapy. Compared to NENs of known origin, CUP were associated with a worse prognosis.

Conclusion
The current data suggest that CUP-NEN are frequently associated with older age and higher grade compared to patients with known-origin NENs. This reflected a worse prognosis for CUP-NENs.
Understanding the beliefs and attitudes towards mental health problems held by Muslim communities and acceptability of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as a treatment: systematic review and thematic synthesis
Authors: alHarbi Hind , Farrand Paul , Laidlaw Ken 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Muslims experience the lowest recovery rate from mental health difficulties across all religious groups. The aim of this research is to understand the barriers that prevent Muslims from accessing Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and the extent to which these may vary across country of residence.

Methods
Systematic review and thematic synthesis for quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies published in English and Arabic informed by the SPIDER search tool. Methodological quality and risk of bias of included papers were critically appraised independently according to the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.

Results
A search of seven databases in the Arabic and English language yielded 3836 studies with 210 studies assessed for eligibility. Employing the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool resulted in 14 studies included in the thematic synthesis. Seven studies adopted a qualitative methodology employing semi-structured interviews and seven were quantitative descriptive studies.

Conclusions
Muslim communities experience barriers accessing Cognitive Behavioral Therapy at the level of the individual, culture, provider and management. The main barriers were experienced at the individual level which was dominated by the influence of Islam regarding the cause of mental health difficulties, which also influenced the way in which difficulties were managed.
Systematic review registration: PROSPERO and registration number: CRD42020192854.
Barriers and facilitators to publicly-funded gender-affirming surgery: the perspectives amongst a cohort of Australian clinicians
Authors: Piñón-O’Connor Katie E. , Mullens Amy B. , Debattista Joseph , Sanders Tait , Brömdal Annette 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Barriers to publicly-funded gender-affirming surgery (GAS) in Australia have been identified as costly with limited availability of qualified providers and lack of public hospital systems performing/offering these services. Our study explores barriers, facilitators, and potential implications for expanding, and improving publicly-funded GAS in Australia from the perspectives of an Australian cohort of gender-affirming clinicians.

Methods
We conducted semi-structured interviews with eight clinicians in 2021 who currently work within gender-affirming health services in Australia. Through ecological systems theory, gender minority stress framework, and reflexive thematic analysis, themes and subthemes were developed.

Results
Our study identified three themes and five sub-themes exploring the barriers and facilitators to publicly-funded GAS in Australia. Gender-affirming clinicians indicated establishing a surgical center for excellence in trans and non-binary healthcare is an essential facilitator needed to implement publicly-funded GAS. This would allow for a best-practice decentralized model of gender-affirming care to be realized in future to optimize health and wellbeing among trans and non-binary persons.

Conclusions
There remain substantial barriers, specifically at exosystem and macrosystem levels, within the public health service needing urgent attention. Implications of findings are relevant to funding, clinical practice, research, and policy within and beyond Australia.

Policy Implications
The substantial barriers within the public health service sector could be improved through a growing support, and a changing socio-political-cultural milieu; ultimately informing publicly-funded GAS as the most sustainable course of action and policy reform.
The methods of improving cultural sensitivity of depression scales for use among global indigenous populations: a systematic scoping review
Authors: Gomez Cardona Liliana , Yang Michelle , Seon Quinta , Karia Maharshee , Velupillai Gajanan , Noel Valérie , Linnaranta Outi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCultural adaptation of psychometric measures has become a process aimed at increasing acceptance, reliability, and validity among specific Indigenous populations. We present a systematic scoping review to: (1) identify the depression scales that have been culturally adapted for use among Indigenous populations worldwide, (2) globally report on the methods used in the cultural adaptation of those scales, and (3) describe the main features of those cultural adaptation methods. We included articles published from inception to April 2021, including 3 levels of search terms: Psychometrics, Indigenous, and Depression. The search was carried out in the Ovid Medline, PubMed, Embase, Global Health, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases, following PRISMA guidelines. We identified 34 reports on processes of cultural adaptation that met the criteria. The scales were adapted for use among Indigenous populations from Africa, Australia, Asia, North America, and Latin America. The most common scales that underwent adaptation were the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Methods of adaptation involved a revision of the measures’ cultural appropriateness, standard/transcultural translation, revision of the administration process, and inclusion of visual supports. Culturally safe administration of scales was reported in some studies. To come to a consensus on most appropriate methods of improving cultural safety of psychometric measurement, most studies utilized qualitative methods or mixed methods to understand the specific community’s needs. Revision of linguistic equivalence and cultural relevance of content, culturally safe administration procedures, qualitative methods, and participatory research were key features of developing safe culturally adapted measures for depressive symptoms among Indigenous populations. While for comparability, uniform scales would be ideal as mental health evaluations, an understanding of the cultural impact of measurements and local depression expressions would benefit the process of developing culturally sensitive psychometric scales. PROSPERO registration ID: CRD42023391439.
The clandestine welfare: The role of illicit actors in the provision of social protection in Latin America
Authors: Zapata Celestino Kevin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThere has been an increasing interest in exploring the different types of welfare regimes in middle- and low-income countries. However, most of the studies so far seem to neglect the importance of illicit groups as welfare providers. Illicit groups can be so powerful in many of these societies, that they can create extensive social safety nets embedded in parallel governance orders. Considering their importance as fundamental actors in the Global South, it is required to acknowledge their role as welfare deliverers as a missing piece in the literature. Hence I discuss the nature of what I call “clandestine welfare” and three specific forms of social protection provided by illicit groups: direct, involuntary, and forced. In the first form, the illicit groups provide directly to society by delivering goods or services that the formal state fails to provide. In the second, the illicit group’s activities have involuntary but positive spill-overs over society in terms of welfare. In the last one, the illicit groups use violence to force other social actors to provide social protection. By bringing illustrative examples from Latin America, I aim to show that the action of illicit groups represents a tangible source of welfare for a large segment of the population that goes beyond charity.
TWO EXAMPLES CONCERNING EXISTENTIAL UNDECIDABILITY IN FIELDS
Authors: DITTMANN PHILIP 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe construct an existentially undecidable complete discretely valued field of mixed characteristic with existentially decidable residue field and decidable algebraic part, answering a question by Anscombe–Fehm in a strong way. Along the way, we construct an existentially decidable field of positive characteristic with an existentially undecidable finite extension, modifying a construction due to Kesavan Thanagopal.
Evaluation of the emergency nutrition response in Malatya after Türkiye–Syria earthquake
Authors: Kalyoncu Atasoy Zeynep Begum , Kurt S. Ceren , Beckerman-Hsu Jacob , Soyunen Senanur , Kalyoncu M. Fuatcan , Kaptanoglu Aysegul 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Türkiye–Syria earthquake struck eleven provinces directly in Türkiye on 6 February 2023. Emergency nutrition care is indispensable for sustaining the lives of victims and rescue personnel. To optimally support their well-being, emergency food must be both healthy (i.e. aligned with dietary guidelines) and safe. However, globally, there is a dearth of research on the emergency nutrition conditions in shelters in the immediate aftermath of natural disasters. This lack of scientific evidence could limit the extent to which nutritional gaps can be identified and remedied for future relief efforts. Therefore, the aim of this research was to evaluate the nutrition environment and nutritional quality of emergency meals distributed to survivors in Malatya, a heavily affected province in Türkiye. The rapid assessment was conducted in thirteen locations by using an embedded case–study design to evaluate the nutrition environment both quantitatively and qualitatively. Meals served to earthquake victims and volunteers were found to be insufficient in protein, fat, fibre, vitamin C, Ca and Fe, but Na levels were higher than the maximum threshold in many of the centres. The qualitative analysis illustrated insufficiency in three domains of the emergency food and nutrition environment: foods and beverages offered, cooking/food preparation and food safety and dining areas and other facilities. Given the major nutritional gaps identified in this study, future disaster preparations should implement emergency nutrition plans that ensure healthy, nutritious and safe food for survivors. Better coordination and use of technology are necessary for interventions to prevent malnutrition.