bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of wide-band high-linearity transimpedance amplifier using standard CMOS technology
Authors: Gu Zheng , Wang Siqi , Lu Chungang , Song Lei , Lu Zhenghao , Chu Yonghua , Yu Xiaopeng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this paper, the design methodology of a high-linearity wide-band transimpedance amplifier (TIA) for cable television (CATV) application is addressed. A simple four-stage topology is proposed to maintain a well-balanced linearity over a wide operating band. The regulated cascode (RGC) input stage is used to match an input impedance of 75 Ω, followed by a gain stage with enhanced bandwidth. The high-linearity output stage is able to drive the 75 Ω load directly with high output swing under a high supply voltage. The prototype is implemented with a standard 0.11μm CMOS process while occupying the silicon area of 0.034 mm2. The measurement results for the prototype show a peak gain of 76.6 dBΩ over a 3-dB bandwidth of 1.1 GHz with a considerably small gain ripple and an OIP
3 of 20.4 dBm. The whole test chip consumes 447 mW DC power and the measured average input-referred noise current spectral density is 7.9 pA Hz−1/2 up to 1 GHz.
Methods of computer modeling of electromagnetic field propagation in urban scenarios for Internet of Things
Authors: Kliuchka Anatolii , Harťanský René , Halgoš Ján 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The paper investigates software solutions to simulate radio waves propagation in urban environment, specifically for the context of the Internet of Things (IoT). The purpose of the study is to provide a comprehensive guide for utilizing the Altair Feko software to obtain a detailed representation of the IoT network, its associated parameters and how they relate to the modeling of electromagnetic fields. It is beneficial to simulate the network during the design stage to obtain valuable data and make necessary adjustments. The key features of a Sigfox or other low power IoT network can be obtained by simulation, enabling an evaluation of the network design prior to its actual implementation. Given the growing demand for IoT devices and networks, researching the optimal design and performance of such networks is of great importance. This underscores the need for continuous exploration of effective methods to achieve efficient design and performance of IoT networks.
Screening of Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents for the Recovery of Valuable Phenolics From Waste of Shalgam Juice Process
Authors: Toprak Pelin , Ünlü Ayşe Ezgi 
Published: October 2023

Shalgam juice is one of the most popular non-alcoholic beverages in Türkiye and also in many countries. The high amount of production, regarding the high amount of consumption leads to an inevitable amount of solid waste. This amount reaches to almost 12 million kg of fermented black carrot annually. The accumulation of this waste causes fatal environmental pollution. The waste of shalgam juice process, fermented black carrot, retains significant amount of valuable components, such as phenolics, flavonoids, and anthocyanins. In this study new generation green solvents, Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADESs) were screened for the extraction of valuable phenolics from fermented black carrot using ultrasound assisted extraction. The NADESs used were selected from four different groups such as acidic, sugar-based, choline chloride-sugar based and polyol-based. According to the results, the members of polyol and choline chloride sugar NADESs showed up. Choline chloride-glycerol (polyol group), extracted the highest total phenol amount (16.04 mg/g) and also provided the highest antioxidant activity (81.77%). On the other hand, NADESs belonging to choline chloride-sugar group were effective for the extraction of flavonoids and monomeric anthocyanins. Namely, choline chloride-fructose-water extract contained 21.45 mg/g of total flavonoids, while choline chloride-sucrose-water extract contained 1680.51 mg/kg of total monomeric anthocyanins. The performances of NADESs tested were found to be higher than that of water and ethanol showing the high yield recovery of valuable phenolics with NADESs. The results exhibited the significance of the components inside the waste. The remaining valuable content could be easily and efficiently extracted using NADESs and these extracts –as a mixture or after purification- can furtherly be used for different purposes in different fields, such as cosmetics, antioxidant preparations, etc, using a zero-cost waste as the input of the processes.
تأثير استراتيجية التكامل التعاوني في اكتساب الثقة بالنفس وتعلم مهارة استقبال الارسال بالكرة الطائرة للطلاب
Authors: علي حمد خالد 
Published: October 2023

تكمن أهمية الدراسة في استخدام استراتيجية التكامل التعاوني (Jigsaw) والتي تهدف إلى "جـــــعل الطـــالب محور العملية التعليمية بدلا من المعلم الذي قاد العملية التعليمية " ، وهناك تأكيد بضرورة التنويع في أساليب التعلم لمواجهة الظروف المتباينة في المواقف التعليمية المختلفة، لذا نجد أن لكل أسلوب واستراتيجية قواعد ومميزات تجعله مناسب في موقف تعليمي معين وغير مناسب في موقف تعليمي آخر، لذلك من الصعب أن تحدد أسلوب واحد أفضل من الأساليب والاستراتيجيات الأخرى . لذى لاحظ الباحث قله في استخدام الاستراتيجيات الحديثة على الطلاب فضلاً عن الحاجة الى ادخال أساليب واستراتيجيات متنوعة لتحقيق أفضل النتائج واضافة طابع الاثارة والتشويق لدى طلاب المرحلة المتوسطة للابتعاد عن الملل والروتين الملازم لهم . فعليه ارتأى الباحث الخوض في تجربة لإدخال أحد الاستراتيجيات الحديثة وهي استراتيجية التكامل التعاوني (Jigsaw) لمعرفة مدى تأثيرها على تعلم مهارة الاســــــتقبال بالكرة الطائرة وتعزيز الثقة بالنفس لطلاب المرحلة المتوسطة , واستخدم الباحث المنهج التجريبي ذو المجموعتين الضابطة والتجريبية ذات الاختبار القبلي والبعدي وكانت عينة البحث من طلاب المرحلة المتوسطة ومن خلال عرض النتائج وتحليلها ومناقشتها وجد ان هناك تأثير للاستراتيجية في تطوير متغيرات البحث بين المجموعتين ولصالح المجموعة التجريبية.
المرونة المعرفية وعلاقتها بالسعادة النفسية لدى طالبات كلية واقسام التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة في جامعة الموصل
Authors: ثامر محمود اسراء , يونس محمد نبراس 
Published: October 2023

بناء وتطبيق مقياس المرونة المعرفية لدى طالبات كلية واقسام التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة والتعرف على العلاقة بين المرونة المعرفية والسعادة النفسية لدى طالبات كلية وقسمي التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة في جامعة الموصل والتعرف على مستوى المرونة المعرفية والسعادة النفسية لدى طالبات كلية وقسمي التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضية في جامعة الموصل ،استخدم الباحثان المنهج الوصفي بالاسلوب المسحي منهجا للدراسة وذلك لمناسبته وطبيعة هذه الدراسة واهدافها ، اشتمل مجتمع البحث على طالبات كلية وقسمي التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة في جامعة موصل والبالغ عددهم (440)طالبة اشتملت عينة البناء على (264) طالبة ، تم اختيارهم بطريقة عمديه من عينة البحث ألأساسية، ويمثلون نسبة(60%)،اشتملت عينة التطبيق على (176) طالبة ، ويمثلون نسبة (40%) من عينة البحث، باعتبار أن تلك النسبة ممثلة لمجتمع البحث، موزعين على كلية التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة - كلية التربية للبنات – كلية التربية الاساسية واستخدم الباحثان الوسائل الاحصائية الاتية:(المتوسط الحسابي ،الانحراف المعياري ،معامل الارتباط البسيط ل-(بيرسون)،اختبار (ت)،النسبة المئوية ،المتوسط الفرضي،تحليل التباين،معادلة الفا كرونباخ) من اجل الوصول الى تحقيق اهداف الدراسة .
بعد عرض النتائج ومناقشتها توصل الباحثان الى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات اهمها مايلي:
1- طالبات كلية وقسمي التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة في جامعة الموصل يمتلكون مستويات عالية على وفق مقياس المرونة المعرفية .
2- طالبات كلية وقسمي التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة في جامعة الموصل يمتلكون مستويات عالية على وفق مقياس السعادة النفسية.
3- هناك علاقة احصائية ذات دلالة معنوية بين المرونة المعرفية والسعادة النفسية لدى طالبات كلية
وقسمي التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة في جامعة الموصل.
Hubungan adiksi game online dengan self-esteem dan psikopatologi pada siswa menengah pertama di Jakarta Utara
Authors: Suryatenggara Felicia Grizelda , Surilena  
Published: October 2023

Pendahuluan: Adiksi game online merupakan gangguan perilaku bermain game online yang tidak terkontrol. Dampak negatif yang dapat terjadi akibat bermain game online antara lain gangguan mental dan self esteem rendah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan antara adiksi game online dengan self esteem dan psikopatologi pada siswa sekolah menengah pertama (SMP).
Metode: Penelitian potong lintang dengan pengambilan sampel berurutan dilakukan pada 1.474 siswa SMP dengan mengisi kuesioner adiksi Game Online Indonesia (IOGAQ), SCL-90, dan Rosenberg’s Self Esteem Scale. Kriteria inklusi adalah semua siswa SMP kelas I sampai kelas III di Kelurahan Penjaringan, Jakarta Utara. Kriteria eksklusi adalah siswa yang tidak bersedia menandatangani persetujuan sebagai responden. Uji bivariat dilakukan untuk menganalisis data.
Hasil: Dari 1.474 siswa didapatkan 90,1% laki-laki dan 79,1% perempuan dengan adiksi game online dan terbanyak pada siswa kelas I SMP (87,3%). Adiksi game online lebih banyak dilakukan dengan frekuensi bermain game online ≥4 hari/minggu (95%), durasi bermain game online pada hari sekolah (95,5%) atau hari libur (94,2%) adalah >4 jam/hari. Jenis game online yang sering digunakan adalah shooting (92,4%) dan jenis perangkat yang banyak digunakan adalah portable (88,2%).Terdapat 84% responden dengan adiksi game

online dengan self-esteem rendah dan 83,8% dengan ada psikopatologi. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan signifikan antara adiksi game online dengan self esteem dan psikopatologi (p≥0,05).
Simpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara adiksi game online dengan self-esteem dan psikopatologi. Namun, bermain game online tetap harus bijaksana guna menghindari dampak negatif lainnya yang dapat ditimbulkan.
Kata Kunci: adiksi, game online, psikopatologi, self-esteem.
Hubungan Konsumsi Buah dan Sayur Terhadap Infeksi Saluran Kemih
Authors: Selima Ivan Citra , Kurniawan Felicia , Vetinly  , Djaya Prisillia Nanny , Bororing Sheella Rima 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRAK
Pendahuluan: Infeksi Saluran Kemih (ISK) merupakan penyakit yang menyerang sistem perkemihan, baik dari organ hingga ke salurannya. Pada anak-anak, penyakit ini merupakan penyakit infeksi dengan angka tersering ke-2 setelah penyakit infeksi pernafasan dan dapat menimbulkan beban ekonomi negara sehingga harus segera diatasi. Sekitar 56,6% anak usia sekolah tidak mengonsumsi buah dan sayur yang cukup. Hal ini dapat menjadi faktor penyebab angka kasus ISK tinggi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan konsumsi buah dan sayur terhadap ISK.
Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian cross-sectional yang menggunakan analisis data sekunder (ADS). Jumlah sampel 331 murid kelas 4-6 di Jakarta Utara.Data kecukupan konsumsi buah dan sayur didapatkan melalui pengisian kuesioner, sedangkan diagnosis ISK menggunakan pemeriksaan penunjang (pemeriksaan dipstik) untuk mengetahui nilai suspek ISK pada responden.
Hasil: Dari 331 responden didapatkan 9 murid memiliki nilai positif suspek ISK. Hasil analisis hubungan antara kecukupan konsumsi buah, sayur dan air putih tidak menunjukan adanya hubungan bermakna (konsumsi buah dan sayur P= 0,378). Walaupun hasil analisis data tidak menunjukan adanya hubungan yang bermakna, namun pada responden yang mengkonsumsi cukup buah dan sayur memiliki persentase lebih kecil positif suspek ISK dibandingkan dengan responden yang kurang menkonsumsi buah dan sayur.

Simpulan: Konsumsi buah & sayur tidak hubungan yang signifikan terhadap jumlah suspek ISK pada anak, tetapi berdasarkan persentase suspek ISK, anak yang cukup mengonsumsi buah dan sayur memiliki persentase risiko lebih rendah daripada anak yang kurang mengHUbunganonsumsi buah dan sayur.
Kata Kunci: Infeksi Saluran Kemih, Pemeriksaan carik celup, Pola kebiasaan makan buah dan sayur.
Hubungan Posisi Dan Durasi Duduk Terhadap Nyeri Punggung Bawah Pada Pekerja Kantor Di Jakarta
Authors: Tanjung Julia Rahadian , Hanarko Faradica Alda , Haryono Ignatio Rika 
Published: October 2023

Pendahuluan: Kejadian nyeri punggung bawah (NPB) sudah menjadi permasalahan global di dunia. Hal ini merupakan penyebab utama absensi kerja yang menimbulkan beban ekonomi yang tinggi. Data Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia tahun 2018, terdapat 18% nyeri punggung bawah di Indonesia. Pekerja kantor identik dengan aktivitas duduk lama dan statis yang mengandalkan kekuatan otot punggung, dimana posisi duduk yang salah dapat menyebabkan nyeri punggung. Hal tersebut yang menjadi dasar ketertarikan penelitian ini.
Metode: Penelitian cross-sectional dengan 100 responden pekerja kantor berusia 21 – 45 tahun. Data penelitian menggunakan kuesioner mengenai kebiasaan posisi duduk, lamanya durasi duduk dan aktivitas fisik. Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire untuk menilai nyeri punggung bawah. Hubungan antara variabel diuji menggunakan Chi-Square dan Fisher-exact dengan p<0,05.
Hasil: 72% responden mengalami nyeri punggung bawah, 48% responden terbiasa dengan duduk membungkuk, 89% responden duduk dengan durasi ≥ 4 jam dalam sehari, 47% responden memiliki IMT berlebih, 68% responden dengan tingkat aktivitas fisik kategori tinggi. Tidak ditemukan hubungan yang bermakna antara posisi duduk, jenis kelamin, dan tingkat aktivitas fisik responden terhadap nyeri punggung bawah (p>0,05). Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara durasi duduk, dan indeks massa tubuh dengan kejadian nyeri punggung bawah (p<0,05).
Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara posisi duduk dengan kejadian nyeri punggung bawah. Durasi duduk dan IMT memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan nyeri punggung bawah pada pekerja kantor di Jakarta.
Kata kunci: durasi duduk, nyeri punggung bawah, pekerja kantor, posisi duduk
Legal Regulation and Protections for The Parties in The Franchise Business Agreements in Indonesia
Authors: Hari Sutra Disemadi  , Paramita Prananingtyas  , Ratna Kumala Sari  
Published: October 2023

In Indonesia doing business with the concept of franchising in various fields is currently very popular among the people. Doing business with the concept of franchising is desirable because in addition to being seen in terms of profits and various ease of doing business offered by the franchisor to the franchisee. Franchising is based on an agreement called a franchise agreement, but there are not a few legal problems that arise with the existence of the franchise agreement. Based on this, this research aims to find out the form of arrangement of the franchise agreement and legal protection for the parties in the franchise agreement. The normative juridical method is the method used in this study. This method is intended to analyze the legal materials related to the arrangements in the franchise agreement and legal protection for the parties in Indonesia. This study addresses the franchise business agreements including agreements that are not well-known or innocent and legal protection carried out further regulated in the Republic of Indonesia's Minister of Trade Regulation Number 53/M-DAG/PER/8/2012 regarding Franchising. The legal status of the parties in the franchise agreement in force in Indonesia is independent.
UTILIZAÇÃO DE INSETOS COMO ALTERNATIVA PARA ALIMENTAÇÃO HUMANA
Authors: Xavier Robson Henrique Coelho , Ferrarezi Junior Edemar , Caracini Luiz Gustavo 
Published: October 2023

Por definição, entomofagia é o ato de alimentar-se de insetos. Essa prática por seres humanos é realidade em vários países, porém não é algo que os governos nacionais promovam. A utilização de insetos como parte da alimentação humana tem sido vista com bons olhos, pois traz consigo três importantes fatores: propriedades nutricionais, fatores de meio ambiente além de vantagens socioeconômicas. O principal elemento existente nos insetos comestíveis é a proteína, que, em muitos casos apresentam um nível superior dessa substância quando comparados a outros animais e ou vegetais, que normalmente são utilizados na alimentação humana. Fundamentado nessa idéia, este trabalho traz como objetivo, através de uma pesquisa bibliográfica de caráter qualitativo, falar sobre a utilização de insetos na rotina alimentar humana, bem como suas vantagens, formas de utilização, conservação e preparo.
BENEFÍCIOS DA UTILIZAÇÃO DA PIRÂMIDE DE TESTE EM UMA APLICAÇÃO MOBILE
Authors: Lima Dylan Pacheco de Castro , Leal Edson Demetrio , Mesquita Leonardo José da Silva 
Published: October 2023

As ferramentas e processos de teste de software demonstraram ter alto desempenho e segurança, além de altos níveis de satisfação com seus usuários. Isso levou muitas empresas de desenvolvimento de software e pesquisadores a acreditar que as ferramentas de teste eram uma parte necessária do desenvolvimento de software. Essas empresas perceberam que as ferramentas de teste de software não eram simplesmente uma tendência, mas que representavam uma realidade que as empresas de desenvolvimento de software de todos os portes devem aceitar. Embora existam muitas ferramentas e processos de teste, é impossível declarar qualquer uma como a mais eficiente, é necessário um conjunto de ferramentas e processos para entregar a maior cobertura de testes possível. Como resultado qualitativo desse estudo, o que se percebe é que as ferramentas de teste comumente utilizadas no mercado melhoram a eficiência do processo de teste, garantindo melhor performance dos sistemas, condição que demonstrar a viabilidade dessas aplicações e evidenciam os ganhos que esse modelo estrutural pode trazer para as organizações. Conclui-se que a pirâmide de testes é uma metodologia completa e eficiente para ser executada em aplicações mobile e que sua inclusão dentro dos processos das organizações traz diversos ganhos de assertividade dos sistemas.
SAÚDE DO TRABALHADOR
Authors: Valério Daniela Cristina , Rodolpho Daniela 
Published: October 2023

O objetivo deste trabalho é de demonstrar a importância de como o profissional da saúde deve ter cuidado ao ter contato com substâncias que são nocivas à saúde e que podem ocasionar reações alérgicas e também graves doenças que levam ao afastamento do trabalho no qual também neste ambiente há também que o trabalhador passa por situações onde desenvolvem altos níveis de estresse, ansiedade e até mesmo depressão. É necessário que atenham-se a redução dessas doenças , acidentes e afastamentos de trabalho, por motivos de estresse, ansiedade ,depressão de profissionais da área de saúde , e sobre técnicas de pesquisas bibliográficas através de artigos científicos onde o intuito é apresentar a importância de medidas de proteção e segurança a esses profissionais, a importância dos cuidados com a saúde , citando as principais doenças e maneiras de como minimizar os efeitos que causam na saúde do trabalhador da área da saúde de forma geral.

Palavras-Chave: Saúde. Doenças. Proteção.
Delayed nerve reconstruction for brachial plexus injuries: is the risk worth the reward?
Authors: Wong Alvin , Lee Ying-Hsuan , Chang Tommy Nai-Jen , Chuang David Chwei-Chin , Lu Johnny Chuieng-Yi 
Published: October 2023

OBJECTIVE
Nerve reconstruction after 6 months of denervation time in brachial plexus injuries (BPIs) can be inconsistent. A dilemma exists when the use of critical donor nerves for nerve transfers may lead to unreliable outcomes that would waste the donor nerve. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcomes of elbow and shoulder function in patients with BPIs receiving nerve reconstruction in the delayed setting (i.e., 6–12 months after injury).

METHODS
Data from patients with delayed BPIs who received a nerve transfer (including proximal and distal nerve transfer/grafting) at a tertiary medical center were retrospectively collected from January 1999 to March 2020. Demographics, extent of injury, mechanism of injury, and reconstructive methods were collected. Patients were categorized into two groups: non–pan-plexus BPI (C5–6, C5–7, and C5–8) and pan-plexus BPI (C5–T1). Acceptable outcome was defined as elbow flexion ≥ M3 status or shoulder abduction ≥ 60°.

RESULTS
Sixty-four patients were included in the study. The average time from injury to nerve reconstruction was 236 (range 180–441) days, and the average follow-up time was 66 months. In the non–pan-plexus BPI group (n = 43 patients), 74.4% of patients demonstrated M3 elbow flexion, and 48.8% of patients demonstrated M4 elbow flexion. Double fascicular transfer yielded better results and faster recovery than a single fascicular transfer. In the pan-plexus BPI group (n = 21 patients), 38.1% of patients reached M3 elbow flexion and 23.8% attained M4 elbow flexion. In the non–pan-plexus BPI group, the recovery rate of acceptable shoulder abduction was 53.5%, but only 23.5% of pan-plexus patients with BPI achieved acceptable shoulder abduction.

CONCLUSIONS
Nerve reconstruction can effectively restore functional elbow flexion and acceptable shoulder abduction in non–pan-plexus patients with BPI in the delayed setting. However, neither acceptable elbow flexion nor shoulder abduction could be consistently achieved in pan-plexus BPI. Judicious use of the donor nerves in pan-plexus injuries is required, in addition to preserving a donor nerve for a backup plan such as free-functioning muscle transplantation or tendon transfers.
Surgical management of malignant melanotic nerve sheath tumors: an institutional experience and systematic review of the literature
Authors: Ghaith Abdul Karim , Johnson Sarah E. , El-Hajj Victor Gabriel , Akinduro Oluwaseun O. , Ghanem Marc , De Biase Gaetano , Michaelides Loizos , Bon Nieves Antonio , Marsh W. Richard , Currier Bradford L. , Atkinson John L. , Spinner Robert J. , Bydon Mohamad 
Published: October 2023

OBJECTIVE
Malignant melanotic nerve sheath tumors are rare tumors characterized by neoplastic melanin-producing Schwann cells. In this study, the authors report their institution’s experience in treating spinal and peripheral malignant melanotic nerve sheath tumors and compare their results with the literature.

METHODS
Data were collected from 8 patients who underwent surgical treatment for malignant melanotic nerve sheath tumors between 1996 and 2023 at Mayo Clinic and 63 patients from the literature. Time-to-event analyses were performed for the combined group of 71 cases to evaluate the risk of recurrence, metastasis, and death based on tumor location and type of treatment received. Unpaired 2-sample t-tests and Fisher’s exact tests were used to determine statistical significance between groups.

RESULTS
Between 1996 and 2023, 8 patients with malignant melanotic nerve sheath tumors underwent surgery at the authors’ institution, while 63 patients were identified in the literature. The authors’ patients and those in the literature had the same mean age at diagnosis (43 years). At the authors’ institution, 5 patients (63%) experienced metastasis, 6 patients (75%) experienced long-term recurrence, and 5 patients (62.5%) died. In the literature, most patients (60.3%) were males, with a peak incidence between the 4th and 5th decades of life. Nineteen patients (31.1%) were diagnosed with Carney complex. Nerve root tumors accounted for most presentations (n = 39, 61.9%). Moreover, 24 patients (38.1%) had intradural lesions, with 54.2% (n = 13) being intramedullary and 45.8% (n = 11) extramedullary. Most patients underwent gross-total resection (GTR) (n = 41, 66.1%), followed by subtotal resection (STR) (n = 12, 19.4%), STR with radiation therapy (9.7%), and GTR with radiation therapy (4.8%). Sixteen patients (27.6%) experienced metastasis, 23 (39.7%) experienced recurrence, and 13 (22%) died. Kaplan-Meier analyses showed no significant differences among treatment approaches in terms of recurrence-free, metastasis-free, and overall survival (p > 0.05). Similar results were obtained when looking at the differences with respect to intradural versus nerve root location of the tumor (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
Malignant melanotic nerve sheath tumors are rare tumors with a high potential for malignancy. They carry a dismal prognosis, with a pooled local recurrence rate of 42%, distant metastasis rate of 27%, and mortality rate of 26%. The findings from this study suggest a trend favoring the use of GTR alone or STR with radiation therapy over STR alone. Mortality was similar regardless, which highlights the need for the development of effective treatment options to improve survival in patients with melanotic schwannomas.