bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computational fluid–structure interaction framework for passive feathering and cambering in flapping insect wings
Authors: Ishihara Daisuke , Onishi Minato 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn flapping insect wings, veins support flexible wing membranes such that the wings form feathering and cambering motions passively from large elastic deformations. These motions are essentially important in unsteady aerodynamics of insect flapping flight. Hence, the underlying mechanism of this phenomenon is an important issue in studies on insect flight. Systematic parametric studies on strong coupling between a model wing describing these elastic deformations and the surrounding fluid, which is a direct formulation of this phenomenon, will be effective for solving this issue. The purpose of this study is to develop a robust numerical framework for these systematic parametric studies. The proposed framework consists of two novel numerical methods: (1) A fully parallelized solution method using both algebraic splitting and semi‐implicit scheme for monolithic fluid–structure interaction (FSI) equation systems, which is numerically stable for a wide range of properties such as solid‐to‐fluid mass ratios and large body motions, and large elastic deformations. (2) A structural mechanics model for insect flapping wings using pixel modeling (pixel model wing), which is combined with explicit node‐positioning to reduce computational costs significantly in controlling fluid meshes. The validity of the proposed framework is demonstrated for some benchmark problems and a dynamically scaled model incorporating actual insect data. Finally, from a parametric study for the pixel model wing flapped in fluid with a wide range of solid‐to‐fluid mass ratios, we find a FSI mechanism of feathering and cambering motions in flapping insect wings.
Macro insights into the shared and distinct regulations of dietary polysaccharides on gut microbiota and their roles in obesity
Authors: Xie Zhiqing , Huang Aohuan , Cai Jie , Huang Rong , Chen Mengfei , Yu Shubo , Zhang Fen , Zhu Zhenjun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObesity has emerged as a global health epidemic, demanding a comprehensive understanding of its etiology and potential interventions. Recent studies have highlighted the crucial role of gut microbiota in maintaining host health. Additionally, dietary polysaccharides (DP), such as pectic polysaccharides, sulfated polysaccharides, glucan‐like polysaccharides, and fructan‐like polysaccharides, have been identified as crucial regulators that influence gut microbial composition, function, and metabolite production, thereby improving obesity and mitigating its complications. This review comprehensively summarizes the latest findings regarding the sources and structural characteristics of different DP, their shared and distinct effects on gut microbiota and associated metabolites, and the consequent influence on obesity and its complications. By unraveling the complex interplay among DP, gut microbiota, and obesity‐related outcomes, we strive to offer valuable insights that can inform the development of precise dietary interventions and therapeutic strategies aimed at tackling obesity and enhancing public health.
Out of the shadow? The effect of high‐status employee departure on the performance of staying coworkers in financial brokerage firms
Authors: Wang Pengfei , Hu Jianhao , Liu Jingjiang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBecause high‐status employees make disproportional contributions to firms, prior literature suggests that their departure would undermine various organizational outcomes. Building on recent literature, however, we suspect that a high‐status employee may have seized disproportional resources and credits from coworkers, thereby restricting them from performing, particularly when the work context is more independent and contested. As a result, the departure of a high‐status employee may bring staying coworkers more resources and incentives to perform, causing their performance to improve. To test this possibility, we examine the effect of high‐status analysts' departure on the individual performance of analysts who remain, using a sample of sell‐side analysts in Chinese financial brokerage firms. Employing a before‐and‐after treatment research design, we find evidence that after the departure of a high‐status analyst, the staying coworkers' individual performance is significantly improved. It is particularly so when they share greater industry overlap with the departing analyst. Our extensional analyses also investigate additional contingencies, which helps provide valuable hints about possible mechanisms.
Microstructural Evolution of P(NDI2OD‐T2) Films with Different Molecular Weight during Stretching Deformation
Authors: Wang Sichun , Zhao Kefeng , Li Junhang , Yu Xinhong , Zhang Qiang , Han Yanchun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractConjugated polymers exhibit excellent electrical and mechanical properties when their molecular weight (Mw) is above the critical molecular weight (Mc). The microstructural changes of polymers under strain are crucial to establish a structure–performance relationship. Herein, the tensile deformation of P(NDI2OD‐T2) is visualized, and cracks are revealed either along the (100) crystal plane of side chain packing or along the main chain direction which depends on the Mw is below or above the Mc. When Mw < Mc, the film cracks along the (100) plane under small strains. When Mw > Mc, the polymer chains first undergo stretch‐induced orientation and then fracture along the main chain direction at large strains. This is attributed to the fact that the low Mw film exhibits large crystalline domains and the absence of interdomain connectivity, which are vulnerable to mechanical stress. In contrast, the high Mw film displays a nearly amorphous morphology with adequate entanglements, the molecular chains can endure stresses in the stretching direction to release substantial strain energy under greater mechanical deformation. Therefore, the film with Mw > Mc exhibits the optimal electrical and mechanical performances simultaneously, i.e., the electron mobility is retained under 100% strain and after 100 stretching–releasing cycles.
Nurses' perceptions to alleviate dyspnoea in inpatients with advanced cancer while receiving palliative care
Authors: Kero Johanna , Koivisto Jaana‐Maija , Lee Siew Hwa , Haavisto Elina 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimTo explore nurses' perceptions to alleviate dyspnoea in inpatients with advanced cancer while receiving palliative care.DesignA descriptive qualitative design.MethodsSeven focus groups were conducted with nurses (n = 27) from five specialized palliative care wards in four hospitals in south and southwest Finland. The focus groups were conducted between June and November 2019, and the transcripts were analysed using inductive analysis.ResultsThe findings revealed three categories: recognizing dyspnoea is a multi‐faceted problem, dealing with the complexity of assessment of dyspnoea and strategies for relieving dyspnoea. Nurses perceived the complexity of dyspnoea as a symptom and emphasized the importance of utilizing patients' subjective experiences and consistent assessment scales to determine its severity. Furthermore, nonpharmacological interventions are as pertinent as pharmacological and medical interventions. The findings can assist nurses in selecting appropriate interventions for dyspnoea care, ultimately enhancing the quality of patient care and patient safety.
An environmentally friendly and efficient technology to prepare high‐performance natural rubber: Electrophoretic coagulation
Authors: Zhao Guanghui , Sun Sijia , Zheng Binghong , Wu Xiaohui , Wang Yiqing , Zhang Liqun , Han Fei , Luan Bo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNatural rubber is bio‐based rubber, which plays an important role in carbon neutralization to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. It is widely used in the national economy because of its strain‐induced crystallization properties. However, the preparation process for natural rubber is backward and in urgent need of reform. Electrophoretic coagulation, as a new natural rubber coagulation process, was proposed in this paper. We designed electrophoresis equipment and optimized it through finite element analysis. Compared with traditional coagulation methods electrophoretic coagulation has outstanding advantages: high efficiency, no wastewater, and low odor. Compared with commercial natural rubber, electrophoretic coagulated natural rubber has a stronger supramolecular structure, better mechanical performances, and dynamic compression heat buildup. We also revealed the relationship between the structure and properties of different natural rubber.
3D printing continuous natural fiber reinforced polymer composites: A review
Authors: Cheng Ping , Peng Yong , Wang Kui , Le Duigou Antoine , Ahzi Said 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWith the growing prominence of environmental conservation awareness, there has been a notable surge in the exploration of renewable materials, particularly in the realm of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites. This heightened focus is underscored by the recent advancements in additive manufacturing techniques dedicated to continuous natural fiber reinforced composites (CNFRCs), which have inherently opened unprecedented avenues for the holistic customization of CNFRCs with meticulously tailored properties. This work reviewed the advanced techniques for 3D printing CNFRCs and addressed their challenges and perspectives in the future. First, the 3D printing processes of CNFRCs were reviewed, and the use of reinforcement and matrix phases was classified in detail. Then, CNFRCs were discussed in terms of their mechanical performances and novel function of shape‐changing. Further, performance optimization and prediction methods of 3D printed CNFRCs were discussed. In conclusion, a perspective on future study opportunities of 3D printed CNFRCs was provided from design, manufacturing, prediction to application.
Targeted theranostics agent based on polydopamine/hyaluronic acid nanoparticles for MRI and photothermal therapy
Authors: Orangi Saeid , Delavari H. Hamid , Davaran Soodabeh , Poursalehi Reza , Ranjbar Mehdi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTheranostics based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and photothermal therapy can provide high‐resolution imaging with the minimum side effect of cancer treatment. In this research, polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA‐NPs) are synthesized and functionalized with hyaluronic acid (HA) as a cancer‐targeting theranostics agent. The synthesis of PDA‐NPs with an average size of 25 nm is confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscope, and the functionalization of PDA‐NPs with HA is confirmed by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The highest longitudinal relaxation rate (r1) is observed at the Fe to PDA weight ratio of 0.25 by MRI analysis. MTT results confirm that the PDA/HA‐NPs to Fe ion concentration of 6 μg mL−1 are not toxic (cell viability, 80%–95%). The result of immunocytochemistry analysis shows the binding of 78% of PDA/HA‐NPs to the human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with CD44 antigens. Finally, PDA/HA‐NPs are irradiated by an 808 nm laser to investigate their photothermal property. The specific absorption rate of PDA/HA‐NPs at a concentration of 0.4 mg mL−1 with an iron ratio of 0.25 is determined as 107.95 W g−1 when irradiated with a laser of 500 mW cm−2 power density.
SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination response in pediatric oncology patients
Authors: D'Souza Amber Marie , Thomas Maria , Gnanamony Manu , Nguyen Thu Hien , de Alarcon Pedro A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere remains limited knowledge about the immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) vaccination in pediatric oncology patients, which is essential to provide counseling and risk adaptation in this vulnerable population. The goal of this study was to understand immunogenicity after vaccination in pediatric oncology patients, and determine if certain clinical factors impacted response.MethodsPatients 0–25 years of age with a diagnosis of cancer and actively receiving therapy were enrolled on study. We excluded patients who were completely vaccinated prior to their cancer diagnosis. Blood samples were collected pre‐vaccination, as well as 2, 4–6, and 8–12 weeks after vaccination. Healthy children who were fully vaccinated enrolled as controls. Clinical data and complete blood counts around time of vaccination were collected. To study B‐ and T‐cell immunity, we measured neutralizing antibodies by enzyme‐linked immunoassay and interferon gamma secretion by enzyme‐linked immunospot, respectively.ResultsTwenty‐six patients enrolled on study, for which 11 were evaluable oncology patients and seven were healthy controls. Adequate B‐cell response was seen in 36.4% of patients, and adequate T‐cell response in 77.8% of patients. Numbers were too small to detect differences based on malignancy type. There was no differences in immunity based on absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) or intensity of therapy.ConclusionPediatric oncology patients have a suboptimal immune response to SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination. Booster doses will be imperative to provide optimal protection against COVID‐19; however, blood counts may not be a useful guide to optimize the time of administration.
Effect of fillers and weave architecture hybridization on the impact performance of 3D woven hybrid green composites
Authors: Safdar Muhammad Mubeen , Khan Muhammad Imran , Ullah Tehseen , Shaker Khubab , Nawab Yasir , Rizwan Zahid , Asghar Muhammad Ayub , Umair Muhammad 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe eco‐friendly characteristics of green composites not only make them economically and technically viable but also contribute to the reduction of pollution. Green composites are developed by combining degradable fibers (primarily cellulosic materials) with natural resins. A disadvantage of green composites is their lower mechanical strength. To address this issue, 3D woven reinforcement along with fillers can be used to enhance the mechanical properties of green composites. In the current study, three different types of novel 3D woven hybrid structures, that is, hybrid through the thickness (HB‐1 (TT), novel woven layer‐to‐layer structure (HB‐2 (LL)), and layer‐to‐layer structure with double warp yarn (HB‐3 (LL)) were developed. Composites were fabricated using the compression molding technique. Three different concentrations (2%, 5%, and 8%) of nano clay (nanoparticles) were used as fillers and mixed in the green epoxy resin. Pendulum (Charpy) and drop weight impact tests of the composites were performed. The results showed that by the addition of nano particles the impact properties were increased. Nanoparticles showed a significant effect on impact strength. Charpy impact test results showed that the HB‐3 (LL) composite sample with 8% nanofillers showed the highest impact performance, while the HB‐1 (TT) composite sample with 8% nanofillers showed the highest impact performance during the drop weight impact test. By comparing the impact strength of the present work with that of similar research previously published, it is evident that our study achieved a remarkable improvement of 19.17%. This increase is due to the novel structures and nano fillers in the composite.Highlights
Eco‐friendly green composites: economically feasible, minimizes pollution.
Adding 3D woven structures to green composites improves their mechanical properties.
Composite materials with nano clay fillers have increased impact resistance.
The highest impact performance is shown by HB‐3 (LL) composites with 8% nanofillers.
End‐/side‐chain fluorescent polymer conjugates: Stimuli‐responsiveness and biological applications
Authors: Kar Mahuya , Mandal Tarun K. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSmart fluorescent polymers are an interesting class of advanced materials that find widespread applications in diverse areas ranging from materials chemistry to biology. This review highlights the last 15 years' developments of end‐chain and side‐chain fluorescent polymer conjugates by employing various controlled polymerization techniques, with a major focus on “grafting to” or “grafting from” strategies. The fluorescent polymer conjugates that discussed in this review are limited to some conventional dye molecules such as perylene‐3,4,9,10,‐bis(dicarboximide), 1,8‐naphthalimide, tetraphenylethylene, azo dye, rhodamine, coumarin, fluorescein, pyrene, and a few other selected dyes. Attempts are also made to primarily describe the changes in optical properties of these conjugates in response to various external stimuli. Additionally, this review extensively discusses the formation of nanoassemblies of these fluorescent polymer conjugates, along with their various applications, majorly focusing on their role in bioimaging, drug delivery, and DNA binding.
Spontaneous breathing in selected neonates with very mild congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Kipfmueller Florian , Leyens Judith , Pugnaloni Flaminia , Bo Bartolomeo , Grass Tamara , Lemloh Lotte , Schroeder Lukas , Nitsch‐Felsecker Patrizia , Berg Christoph , Heydweiller Andreas , Strizek Brigitte , Mueller Andreas 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimsCurrent treatment guidelines recommend immediate postnatal intubation in all neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and outcomes of a spontaneous breathing approach (SBA) versus immediate intubation in neonates with prenatally diagnosed very mild CDH.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted comparing neonates with very mild CDH (left‐sided, liver‐down, observed‐to‐expected lung‐to‐head ratio ≥45%) undergoing SBA and matched controls receiving standard treatment. Data on early echocardiographic findings, respiratory support, length of hospital stay, and clinical outcomes were analyzed.ResultsOf 151 CDH neonates, eight underwent SBA, while 31 received standard treatment. SBA was successful in six of eight patients. SBA patients had shorter length of stay (14 vs. 30 days, p = .005), mechanical ventilation (3.5 vs. 8.7 days, p = .011), and oxygen supplementation (3.2 vs. 9.3 days, p = .013) compared to matched controls. Echocardiographic evidence of pulmonary hypertension and cardiac dysfunction were significantly lower in SBA neonates after admission but similar before surgical repair. The SBA group tolerated enteral feeding earlier (day of life 7 vs. 16, p = .019).ConclusionsSBA appears feasible and beneficial for prenatally diagnosed very mild CDH. It was associated with a shortened hospital stay supportive therapies. However, larger trials are needed to confirm these findings and determine optimal respiratory support.
Bronchoscopic treatment of pediatric atelectasis: A modified segmental insufflation‐surfactant instillation technique
Authors: Šapina Matej , Olujic Bojana , Nađ Tihana , Vinkovic Hrvoje , Dupan Zdravka K. , Bartulovic Ines , Milas Krešimir , Kos Martina , Divkovic Dalibor , Zubčić Željko , Erić Ivan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundAtelectasis is a condition characterized by the collapse and nonaeration of lung regions and is considered a manifestation of an underlying disease process. The goal of atelectasis treatment is the restoration of volume loss. In the range of different treatment options, chest physiotherapy is often used as a first‐line approach, and some cases require bronchoscopic interventions.MethodsIn this case series, we describe a modified bronchoscopic treatment procedure using pressure‐controlled bronchoscopic segmental insufflation with surfactant application.ResultsThe proposed approach resulted in significant improvement of lung volume across a range of patients including massive lobar, atypical rounded atelectasis in previously healthy patients, and in a particularly challenging case involving an infant suffering from spinal muscular atrophy type I.ConclusionThe modified segmental insufflation‐surfactant instillation technique offers a safe and promising easily implementable treatment of persistent atelectasis caused by different underlying disease processes with positive long‐term outcomes.
Application technology for bioherbicides: challenges and opportunities with dry inoculum and liquid spray formulations
Authors: Hewitt Andrew J , Galea Victor J , O'Donnell Christopher 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBioherbicides offer many potential benefits as part of an integrated weed management system or a totally biological or organic cropping system. A key factor for success is the selection of appropriate formulation and delivery systems for each target weed and cropping/climatic region. For dry inoculum products, we discuss direct implantation as an example for successful control of woody weeds, with benefits in control extending beyond the treated weeds to surrounding weeds. These applications do not require water and will become less labor‐intensive with future robotic application platforms. Indeed, all bioherbicide applications are likely to improve and become more cost‐effective with the advance of new application platforms with sensors and targeted control at lower application volume rates. Unmanned aerial vehicles, as new application platforms, are one of several such potential progressive application systems for liquid formulations, and we discuss product design to maintain optimum conditioning of the active ingredient(s) and storage stability. The delivery system must not adversely affect the products and the application volume rate must be appropriate for coverage on the target. Where applied with other products, compatibility must be ensured and appropriate mixing orders observed to assure performance and avoid precipitation or settling. Droplet size is important for allowing the active materials to be included in the spray, which may require droplets with diameter >150 μm for some larger particle biologically active agents. However, droplet size should not be too large to achieve target coverage. In some cases, that may be plant stems rather than leaves, or narrow grass weeds which tend to have highest spray collection efficiency for small droplets. Narrow droplet size spectrum nozzles may help optimize droplet size. We propose spray calculators to help optimize performance for coverage, retention and avoidance of drift losses, bounce, shatter and runoff. These include regulatory‐supported, validated models. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.