bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of an artificial intelligence assisted prenatal ultrasonography screening system for trainees
Authors: Lei Ting , Feng Jie Ling , Lin Mei Fang , Xie Bai Hong , Zhou Qian , Wang Nan , Zheng Qiao , Yang Yan Dong , Guo Hong Mei , Xie Hong Ning 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveFetal anomaly screening via ultrasonography, which involves capturing and interpreting standard views, is highly challenging for inexperienced operators. We aimed to develop and validate a prenatal‐screening artificial intelligence system (PSAIS) for real‐time evaluation of the quality of anatomical images, indicating existing and missing structures.MethodsStill ultrasonographic images obtained from fetuses of 18–32 weeks of gestation between 2017 and 2018 were used to develop PSAIS based on YOLOv3 with global (anatomic site) and local (structures) feature extraction that could evaluate the image quality and indicate existing and missing structures in the fetal anatomical images. The performance of the PSAIS in recognizing 19 standard views was evaluated using retrospective real‐world fetal scan video validation datasets from four hospitals. We stratified sampled frames (standard, similar‐to‐standard, and background views at approximately 1:1:1) for experts to blindly verify the results.ResultsThe PSAIS was trained using 134 696 images and validated using 836 videos with 12 697 images. For internal and external validations, the multiclass macro‐average areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were 0.943 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.815–1.000) and 0.958 (0.864–1.000); the micro‐average areas were 0.974 (0.970–0.979) and 0.973 (0.965–0.981), respectively. For similar‐to‐standard views, the PSAIS accurately labeled 90.9% (90.0%–91.4%) with key structures and indicated missing structures.ConclusionsAn artificial intelligence system developed to assist trainees in fetal anomaly screening demonstrated high agreement with experts in standard view identification.
Small extracellular vesicles: Yields, functionalization and applications in diabetic wound management
Authors: Liu Xi , Wei Qian , Sun Zijie , Cui Shengnan , Wan Xizi , Chu Ziqiang , Zhang Yikai , Zhong Weicheng , Lu Lu , Shi Lianxin , Fu Xiaobing , Zhang Cuiping , Wang Shutao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDiabetic wounds have imposed a significant burden on both patients and society with prolonged healing processes hindered by dysfunctional skin repair cells. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), as the important media for intercellular communications, show promising therapeutic potential in treating diabetic wounds by restoring cellular functions. However, low yields and limited bio‐function of sEVs greatly challenge their large‐scale clinical use. Here, we briefly overview the biogenesis and cellular uptake of sEVs, emphasize current advances in improving the yields of sEVs and optimizing the function of sEVs with engineering approaches, and summarize the applications of engineered sEVs in diabetic wound treatment. Furthermore, the undissolved issues during the clinical transformation of engineered sEVs are also discussed. This critical review aims to provide meaningful guidance for future applications of engineered sEVs in the management of diabetic wounds.
Perinatal palliative care for family with prenatal diagnosis of Matthew‐Wood syndrome
Authors: Korzeniewska‐Eksterowicz Aleksandra , Moczulska Hanna 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMatthew‐Wood syndrome (MWS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by pathogenic variants of the STRA6 gene. Several studies in the available literature comprise patients with pathogenic variants of gene STRA6 with various phenotypic expressions: from lethal forms of MWS to non‐lethal anophthalmia. These reports mainly describe new pathogenic variants and phenotypic expression but do not describe medical or paramedical care for the affected families. In our case report, we describe the second case of MWS in the same family and the benefits of including the patient's family in the perinatal palliative care program. The first pregnancy was terminated with a cesarean section; the boy was intubated in the delivery room and died soon after. The mother was not allowed to say farewell or keep any remembrances of her child. In the second pregnancy, the family was involved in the perinatal palliative care program, and all paramedical aspects, crucial from the parent's perspective, were planned and implemented. Palliative perinatal care enables complex care for the pregnant woman and her family. The possibility of palliative perinatal care is significant in decision‐making in families with a high risk of lethal disease in subsequent pregnancies.
Shape analysis of the preorbital bar in caviomorph rodents
Authors: Becerra Federico , Vassallo Aldo I. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe highly specialised masticatory apparatus of rodents raises interesting questions about how their skull withstands the intensive and sustained forces produced by biting on hard items. In these mammals, major systematics were explored for a long time based on the adductor muscles’ architecture and the related bony structures. The infraorbital foramen stands out, where a hypertrophied head of the zygomaticomandibular muscle passes through—in hystricomorphous rodents—as a direct consequence of the lateral and posterior shift of the preorbital bar. Interestingly, this bar moved laterally and backwards—enlarging the foramen—but it never disappeared throughout evolution, even showing morphological convergence among rodents. Previous research proposed this bar as behaving mechanically similar to the postorbital bar in ungulates, i.e., a safety structure against torsion stress while chewing. We analysed its morphology by mathematically modelling it under bending and torsion scenarios (linearly and elliptically shaped, respectively), and as for biting load propagation (catenary curve). Although the preorbital bar primarily seems to be shaped for withstanding torsional stress (as the postorbital bar in ungulates) and as an escaping point for force propagation, these forces are not a consequence of chewing and grinding foods, but preventing the zygomatic arch from failing when the powerful laterally‐displaced jaw adductor muscles are pulling the dentary upwards at biting.
Exploring fruit lipid diversity in a neglected group of tropical palms: The tribe Phytelepheae
Authors: Romero‐Estévez David , Vaissayre Virginie , Morcillo Fabienne , Montúfar Rommel , Dussert Stéphane 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe palm tribe Phytelepheae (vegetable ivory palms) produces oleaginous fruits traditionally consumed by indigenous and local communities. We therefore analyzed the oil content as well as fatty acid (FA), carotenoid, and tocochromanol composition of fruits collected from 35 palm trees in their natural habitats, namely Phytelephas aequatorialis (Pa, n = 28), Aphandra natalia (An, n = 5), and Ammandra decasperma (Ad, n = 2).ResultsAverage mesocarp oil content was high in Pa and An (ca. 30% dry mass [DM]) but not in Ad (10% DM). However, significant differences in fruit oil content between Pa populations were observed. Further, FA composition varied significantly among species and between Pa populations. The main FAs were oleic (17%–73%), palmitic (17%–41%), linoleic (2%–32%), and stearic (3%–13%) acids. The mesocarp oil of some Pa palms contained a high amount (>20%) of linoleic acid and a low amount of saturated FA (<25%). A high variability of total tocochromanol (89, 122, and 145 mg/kg oil for Pa, An, and Ad, respectively) and total carotenoids (96, 42, and 157 mg/kg for Pa, An, and Ad, respectively) content was also found.ConclusionThe fruits of the neglected Phytelepheae palms may represent a valuable source of lipids, including the essential FA linoleic acid and lipid‐soluble vitamins, and help to diversify dietary lipid sources in Ecuadorian geographical areas where there is a high rate of saturated fat consumption.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy impact on outcomes in immediate breast reconstruction with latissimus dorsi flap and silicone implant
Authors: D'Alessandro Gabriel Salum , Munhoz Alexandre Mendonça , Takeuchi Fabiana Midori , Povedano Alejandro , Góes João Carlos Sampaio 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesNeoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCH) has demonstrated efficacy in downsizing tumors and facilitating less extensive surgery. However, immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) after NCH has raised concerns regarding higher complication rates. This study evaluates the impact of NCH on outcomes following IBR with a latissimus dorsi flap and implant (LDI) after mastectomy.MethodsCases from a prospective maintained database were reviewed, and patients classified according to whether or not they received NCH. Risk factors and major and minor complications in both groups were then analyzed.ResultsAmong the 196 patients who underwent 198 IBR procedures, 38.4% received NCH and 66.1% did not. The overall complication rate was 46.7% in the non‐NCH group and 53.3% in the NCH group (p =  0.650). The presence of comorbidities increased the likelihood of any complication (odds ratio [OR]: 3.46; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.38–8.66; p = 0.008) as well as major complications (OR: 3.35; 95% CI: 1.03–10.95; p = 0.045). Although patients in the NCH group experienced more major complications (10.5% vs. 4.9%; p = 0.134) and early loss of breast reconstruction (3.9% vs. 0.8%; p = 0.128), these findings were not statistically significant.ConclusionThis study found no statistically significant association between NCH and higher risk of complications or loss of IBR with LDI after mastectomy.
Littlewood–Paley–Rubio de Francia inequality for multi‐parameter Vilenkin systems
Authors: Borovitskiy Viacheslav 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA version of Littlewood–Paley–Rubio de Francia inequality for bounded multi‐parameter Vilenkin systems is proved: For any family of disjoint sets such that are intervals in and a family of functions with Vilenkin–Fourier spectrum inside the following holds:
where does not depend on the choice of rectangles or functions . This result belongs to the line of studying of (multi‐parameter) generalizations of Rubio de Francia inequality to locally compact abelian groups. The arguments are mainly based on the atomic theory of multi‐parameter martingale Hardy spaces and, as a byproduct, yield an easy‐to‐use multi‐parameter version of Gundy's theorem on the boundedness of operators taking martingales to measurable functions. Additionally, some extensions and corollaries of the main result are obtained, including a weaker version of the inequality for exponents and an example of a one‐parameter inequality for an exotic notion of interval.
Focal adhesion kinase confers lenvatinib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma via the regulation of lysine‐deficient kinase 1
Authors: Hou Wei , Gad Shaimaa A. , Ding Xianzhong , Dhanarajan Asha , Qiu Wei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLenvatinib is a clinically effective multikinase inhibitor approved for first‐line therapy of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although resistance against lenvatinib often emerges and limits its antitumor activity, the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in endogenous and acquired resistance remain elusive. In this study, we identified focal adhesion kinase (FAK) as a critical contributor to lenvatinib resistance in HCC. The elevated expression and phosphorylation of FAK were observed in both acquired and endogenous lenvatinib‐resistant (LR) HCC cells. Furthermore, inhibition of FAK reversed lenvatinib resistance in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, FAK promoted lenvatinib resistance through regulating lysine‐deficient kinase 1 (WNK1). Phosphorylation of WNK1 was significantly increased in LR‐HCC cells. Further, WNK1 inhibitor WNK463 resensitized either established or endogenous LR‐HCC cells to lenvatinib treatment. In addition, overexpression of WNK1 desensitized parental HCC cells to lenvatinib treatment. Conclusively, our results establish a crucial role and novel mechanism of FAK in lenvatinib resistance and suggest that targeting the FAK/WNK1 axis is a promising therapeutic strategy in HCC patients showing lenvatinib resistance.
Targeting Hippo signaling in cancer: novel perspectives and therapeutic potential
Authors: Lv Liemei , Zhou Xiangxiang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAs highly conserved among diverse species, Hippo signaling pathway regulates various biological processes, including development, cell proliferation, stem cell function, tissue regeneration, homeostasis, and organ size. Studies in the last two decades have provided a good framework for how these fundamental functions of Hippo signaling are tightly regulated by a network with numerous intracellular and extracellular factors. The Hippo signaling pathway, when dysregulated, may lead to a wide variety of diseases, especially cancer. There is growing evidence demonstrating that dysregulated Hippo signaling is closely associated with tumorigenesis, cancer cell invasion, and migration, as well as drug resistance. Therefore, the Hippo pathway is considered an appealing therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer. Promising novel agents targeting the Hippo signaling pathway for cancers have recently emerged. These novel agents have shown antitumor activity in multiple cancer models and demonstrated therapeutic potential for cancer treatment. However, the detailed molecular basis of the Hippo signaling‐driven tumor biology remains undefined. Our review summarizes current advances in understanding the mechanisms by which Hippo signaling drives tumorigenesis and confers drug resistance. We also propose strategies for future preclinical and clinical development to target this pathway.
Contour subregion error detection methodology using deep learning auto‐segmentation
Authors: Duan Jingwei , Bernard Mark E. , Rong Yi , Castle James R. , Feng Xue , Johnson Jeremiah D. , Chen Quan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundInaccurate manual organ delineation is one of the high‐risk failure modes in radiation treatment. Numerous automated contour quality assurance (QA) systems have been developed to assess contour acceptability; however, manual inspection of flagged cases is a time‐consuming and challenging process, and can lead to users overlooking the exact error location.PurposeOur aim is to develop and validate a contour QA system that can effectively detect and visualize subregional contour errors, both qualitatively and quantitatively.Methods/MaterialsA novel contour subregion error detection (CSED) system was developed using subregional surface distance discrepancies between manual and deep learning auto‐segmentation (DLAS) contours. A validation study was conducted using a head and neck public dataset containing 339 cases and evaluated according to knowledge‐based pass criteria derived from a clinical training dataset of 60 cases. A blind qualitative evaluation was conducted, comparing the results from the CSED system with manual labels. Subsequently, the CSED‐flagged cases were re‐examined by a radiation oncologist.ResultsThe CSED system could visualize the diverse types of subregional contour errors qualitatively and quantitatively. In the validation dataset, the CSED system resulted in true positive rates (TPR) of 0.814, 0.800, and 0.771; false positive rates (FPR) of 0.310, 0.267, and 0.298; and accuracies of 0.735, 0.759, and 0.730, for brainstem and left and right parotid contours, respectively. The CSED‐assisted manual review caught 13 brainstem, 19 left parotid, and 21 right parotid contour errors missed by conventional human review. The TPR/FPR/accuracy of the CSED‐assisted manual review improved to 0.836/0.253/0.784, 0.831/0.171/0.830, and 0.808/0.193/0.807 for each structure, respectively. Further, the time savings achieved through CSED‐assisted review improved by 75%, with the time for review taking 24.81 ± 12.84, 26.75 ± 10.41, and 28.71 ± 13.72 s for each structure, respectively.ConclusionsThe CSED system enables qualitative and quantitative detection, localization, and visualization of manual segmentation subregional errors utilizing DLAS contours as references. The use of this system has been shown to help reduce the risk of high‐risk failure modes resulting from inaccurate organ segmentation.
Young people's future thinking and mental health: The development and validation of the Adolescent Future Thinking Rating Scale
Authors: Tang Peiyao , Sonuga‐Barke Edmund , Kostyrka‐Allchorne Katarzyna , Phillips‐Owen Jacqueline 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to develop and validate a new scale of future thinking and adolescent mental health—the Adolescent Future Thinking Rating Scale (AFTRS).MethodsA provisional AFTRS was developed from interviews with 19 adolescents. It was completed by three samples: exploratory (n = 161) aged 16–21 years, who also completed established measures of future thinking, cognitive risk factors, depression and anxiety; replication (n = 209) aged 16–25 years; and test‐retest (n = 102) aged 17–23 years. The reliability, convergent, predictive, and discriminant validity were examined.ResultsExploratory factor analyses identified the AFTRS‐18 and AFTRS‐12. Both had three sub‐scales: (i) Concerns about Maladaptive Future Thinking, (ii) Future Positivity, and (iii) Ability to Visualise the Future. Established future thinking measures were combined into two factors: Negative Future Emotions (Cognitive Triad Inventory—View of Future and Beck's Hopelessness Scale) and Immediacy Preference (Consideration of Future Consequences and Quick Delay Questionnaire). The AFTRS‐18 and AFTRS‐12 were similarly associated with both factors and with depression/anxiety. Internal consistency and test‐retest reliability were high.ConclusionsThe AFTRS‐12 and AFTRS‐18 are reliable and valid measures of the three key dimensions of adolescent future thinking and mental health. The first subscale remained significant in predicting depression and anxiety after controlling for general cognitive risks.
Fluid injection‐induced cavity expansion in dry porous medium
Authors: Kumar Jithin S , Chaudhuri Abhijit , Detournay Emmanuel , Kandasami Ramesh Kannan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFluid injection‐induced deformation around a cylindrical cavity is of particular interest in the area of subsurface energy extraction. In this study, a model is proposed to analyze the time‐dependent expansion of a cavity caused by fluid injection in an elastoplastic dry porous medium. This problem is characterized by the existence of two moving boundaries, a permeation front and an elastoplastic interface, which leads to distinct time‐dependent zones governed by different sets of equations. The interplay between these two boundaries leads to three phases of solution. The a priori unknown partitioning of the injection rate into the rate of change of cavity volume and infiltration in the porous medium necessitates the introduction of a time‐dependent permeation coefficient as one of the primary variables. The method of solution takes advantage of the quasi‐static and quasi‐stationary nature of the problem, which makes it possible to treat time as a parameter rather than a variable. It follows that the problem can be solved in two steps. In a first step, closed‐form expressions for the pore pressure, displacement, and stress fields in each zone are derived, with parameters in these expressions depending explicitly on four time‐dependent variables, namely the positions of the two interfaces, the cavity radius, and the permeation coefficient. In a second step, the rate equations governing the evolution of these variables during different phases are derived and solved numerically. The paper concludes with a parametric analysis of the influence of the stiffness and strength of the material on the solution.
Assessing the needs of informal caregivers of patients with chronic non‐communicable diseases: A systematic review of self‐assessment tools
Authors: Yang Panpan , Ma Mengzhen , Guan Qingyi , Du Xingbin , Fan Yanyan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimTo synthesize self‐administrated needs assessment tools of informal caregivers for patients with chronic non‐communicable diseases (CNCDs), evaluate the quality of psychometric properties and identify main needs assessment themes.DesignSystematic review.MethodsEight electronic databases both in English and Chinese were searched for. The psychometric properties of tools were evaluated according to the quality criteria for good psychometric properties developed by Terwee et al. Both the content analysis and thematic extraction methods were used. Needs assessment themes were categorized based on the 7‐level Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory.ResultsA total of 17 tools were synthesized. Thirteen of them targeted informal caregivers of patients with cancer. The psychometric properties evaluated for most of these tools were content validity, internal consistency and construct validity. A total of 27 needs themes were identified and matched to six levels based on the 7‐level Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs theory, besides the aesthetic needs level.No Patient or Public ContributionNo primary data are being collected.
Long‐term processes between Classic and Postclassic populations in the Mexico basin
Authors: Meza‐Peñaloza Abigail , Zertuche Federico , Bautista‐Martínez Josefina 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe study of nonmetric traits is useful for establishing biological differences or affinities between populations. This study considered 12 nonmetric cranial characters. The objective is to compare five series of two different cultural horizons: three populations of the Teotihuacán Classic period and two of the Mexica Postclassic period. For the selection of nonmetric traits, those not altered by intentional cephalic modification were considered. From the sample of materials, it was assessed whether the populations of the Classic period could have biological and cultural affinity between them, making a migratory interpretation which indicates differences in nonmetric characters between them. The mean measure of divergence (MMD) was considered as bio‐distance. The distance matrix was analyzed using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean and nonmetric multidimensional scaling. Frequencies were studied using the principal component analysis. Mantel test and partial Mantel test were used to compare the distance matrix obtained with the MMD with sites geographical distance matrix, type of settlements matrix, and period of the site's matrix. In none of those cases were found a correlation at the
level. Making more plausible that the results of the nonmetric traits MMD matrix agree with a migration process. All methods agree on separating Classical populations into one group and Postclassic populations into another. The archeological contexts, and the study of the material culture found, agree with the analysis of nonmetric characters.