bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Lucy Thermal Emission Spectrometer (L’TES) Instrument
Authors: Christensen P. R. , Hamilton V. E. , Mehall G. L. , Anwar S. , Bowles H. , Chase S. , Farkas Z. , Fisher T. , Holmes A. , Kubik I. , Lazbin I. , O’Donnell W. , Ortiz C. , Pelham D. , Rogers S. , Shamordola K. , Tourville T. , Woodward R. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe Lucy Thermal Emission Spectrometer (L’TES) will provide remote measurements of the thermophysical properties of the Trojan asteroids studied by the Lucy mission. L’TES is build-to-print hardware copy of the OTES instrument flown on OSIRIS-REx. It is a Fourier Transform spectrometer covering the spectral range 5.71–100 μm (1750–100 cm−1) with spectral sampling intervals of 8.64, 17.3, and 34.6 cm−1 and a 7.3-mrad field of view. The L’TES telescope is a 15.2-cm diameter Cassegrain telescope that feeds a flat-plate Michelson moving mirror mounted on a linear voice-coil motor assembly to a single uncooled deuterated l-alanine doped triglycine sulfate (DLATGS) pyroelectric detector. A significant firmware change from OTES is the ability to acquire interferograms of different length and spectral resolution with acquisition times of 0.5, 1, and 2 seconds. A single ∼0.851 μm laser diode is used in a metrology interferometer to provide precise moving mirror control and IR sampling at 772 Hz. The beamsplitter is a 38-mm diameter, 1-mm thick chemical vapor deposited diamond with an antireflection microstructure to minimize surface reflection. An internal calibration cone blackbody target, together with observations of space, provides radiometric calibration. The radiometric precision in a single spectrum is ≤2.2 × 10−8 W cm−2 sr−1 /cm−1 between 300 and 1350 cm−1. The absolute temperature error is <2 K for scene temperatures >75 K. The overall L’TES envelope size is 37.6 × 29.0 × 30.4 cm, and the mass is 6.47 kg. The power consumption is 12.6 W average. L’TES was developed by Arizona State University with AZ Space Technologies developing the electronics. L’TES was integrated, tested, and radiometrically calibrated on the Arizona State University campus in Tempe, AZ. Initial data from space have verified the instrument’s radiometric and spatial performance.
Dynamic Transport and Distribution of Organic Pollutants in Water and Sediments of the Rur River
Authors: Schwanen Christina A. , Kronsbein Pia M. , Balik Berna , Schwarzbauer Jan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe distribution and fate of organic pollutants within different compartments of a river system are determined by several key effects and drivers. Within the scope of this study, the aqueous and sedimentary compartments have been analyzed complementary to understand transport and accumulation pathways and to determine temporospatial effects. The bi-annual campaigns allow general statements to be made about relevant processes and effects on pollutant distribution. GC/MS non-target screenings revealed that there is only a minor group of contaminants that occur both in the water and in the riverbed. Nevertheless, for both phases, the main contamination with organic compounds occurred in the anthropogenic, middle to lower course of the river with loads up to 18.3 kg/d (2,4,7,9-tetramethyl-5-decyne-4,7-diol, TMDD) in the water and amounts up to 3.3 mg/gTOC (ƩEPA16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs) in the riverbed. Main emission sources were comparable, resulting in a high, almost constant contamination level which also contributes to the pollution of the superior, receiving river. Indeed, the pollution transport of the aqueous and sedimentary phases was closely connected, but with slight temporal and spatial heterogeneities. For the aqueous compartment, seasonal effects were identified while a remarkable change in riverbed contamination occurred due to an extreme flood event. However, dams within the catchment system cause a disconnection of the transport of lipophilic and hydrophilic substances. Overall, the combined investigation of different phases is an important aspect for a comprehensive view of river and environmental contamination.
Accuracy of formula-based volume and image segmentation-based volume in calculation of preoperative cystic jaw lesions’ volume
Authors: El-beblawy Yasmein Maher , Bakry Ahmed Mohamed , Mohamed Maha Eshaq Amer 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of formula-based volume measurements and the 3D volume analysis with different software packages in the calculation of preoperative cystic jaw lesions’ volume. The secondary aim was to assess the reliability and the accuracy of 3 imaging software programs for measuring the cystic jaw lesions' volume in CBCT images.

Materials and methods
This study consisted of two parts: an in vitro part using 2 dry human mandibles that were used to create simulated osteolytic lesions to assess the accuracy of the volumetric analysis and formula-based volume. As a gold standard, the volume of each bone defect was determined by taking an impression using rapid soft silicone (Vinylight) and then quantifying the volume of the replica. Afterward, each tooth socket was scanned using a high-resolution CBCT. A retrospective part using archived CBCT radiographs that were taken from the database of the outpatient clinic of the oral and maxillofacial radiology department, Faculty of Dentistry, Minia University to assess the reliability of the 3 software packages. The volumetric data set was exported for volume quantification using the 3 software packages (MIMICS-OnDemand and InVesalius software). Also, the three greatest orthogonal diameters of the lesions were calculated, and the volume was assessed using the ellipsoid formula. Dunn’s test was used for pair-wise comparisons when Friedman’s test was significant. The inter-examiner agreement was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient and intra-class correlation coefficient.

Results
Regarding the results of the retrospective part, there was a statistically significant difference between volumetric measurements by equation and different software (P value < 0.001, Effect size = 0.513). The inter-observer reliability of the measurements of the cystic lesions using the different software packages was very good. The highest inter-examiner agreement for volume measurement was found with InVesalius (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.992). On the other hand, there was a statistically significant difference between dry mandible volumetric measurements and Gold Standard. All software showed statistically significantly lower dry mandible volumetric measurements than the gold standard.

Conclusion
Computer-aided assessment of cystic lesion volume using InVesalius, OnDemand, and MIMICS is a readily available, easy to use, non-invasive option. It confers an advantage over formula-based volume as it gives the exact morphology of the lesion so that potential problems can be detected before surgery. Volume analysis with InVesalius software was accurate in determining the volume of simulated periapical defects in a human cadaver mandible as compared to true volume. InVesalius software proved that open-source software can be robust yet user-friendly with the advantage of minimal cost to use.
Timeshifting strategies for carbon-efficient long-running large language model training
Authors: Jagannadharao Akshaya , Beckage Nicole , Nafus Dawn , Chamberlin Scott 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLanguage models play a vital role in various natural language processing tasks, but their training can be computationally intensive and lead to significant carbon emissions. In this study, we explore the effectiveness of timeshifting strategies to mitigate the environmental impact of long-running large language models (LLMs). We develop a simulation tool that estimates carbon emissions for LLMs, enabling developers to make informed decisions prior to running their workloads. By leveraging historical carbon intensity data from WattTime, we investigate the potential benefits and limitations of timeshifting in different locations, considering diverse energy profiles. Our findings demonstrate that timeshifting can substantially reduce emissions, but it is highly dependent on the region’s carbon intensity and energy mix. We present insights into the trade-offs between emissions reduction and workload runtime, acknowledging the need for further advancements in carbon-aware computing practices. Our research contributes to the growing field of sustainable computing and encourages developers to adopt environmentally conscious strategies in language model training.
Functionalities of electrochemical fluoroquinolone sensors and biosensors
Authors: Nepfumbada Collen , Mthombeni Nomcebo H. , Sigwadi Rudzani , Ajayi Rachel F. , Feleni Usisipho , Mamba Bhekie B. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFluoroquinolones (FQs) are a class of broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents that are used to treat variety of infectious diseases. This class of antibiotics was being used for patients exhibiting early symptoms of a human respiratory disease known as the COVID-19 virus. As a result, this outbreak causes an increase in drug-resistant strains and environmental pollution, both of which pose serious threats to biota and human health. Thus, to ensure public health and prevent antimicrobial resistance, it is crucial to develop effective detection methods for FQs determination in water bodies even at trace levels. Due to their characteristics like specificity, selectivity, sensitivity, and low detection limits, electrochemical biosensors are promising future platforms for quick and on-site monitoring of FQs residues in a variety of samples when compared to conventional detection techniques. Despite their excellent properties, biosensor stability continues to be a problem even today. However, the integration of nanomaterials (NMs) could improve biocompatibility, stability, sensitivity, and speed of response in biosensors. This review concentrated on recent developments and contemporary methods in FQs biosensors. Furthermore, a variety of modification materials on the electrode surface are discussed. We also pay more attention to the practical applications of electrochemical biosensors for FQs detection. In addition, the existing challenges, outlook, and promising future perspectives in this field have been proposed. We hope that this review can serve as a bedrock for future researchers and provide new ideas for the development of electrochemical biosensors for antibiotics detection in the future.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Dose-Escalation Safety and Tolerability Trial
Authors: Durand Nisha C. , Kim H. G. , Patel Vishal N. , Turnbull Marion T. , Siegel Jason L. , Hodge David O. , Tawk Rabih G. , Meschia James F. , Freeman W. David , Zubair Abba C. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
We conducted a preliminary phase I, dose-escalating, safety, and tolerability trial in the population of patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) by using human allogeneic bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells.

Methods
Eligibility criteria included nontraumatic supratentorial hematoma less than 60 mL and Glasgow Coma Scale score greater than 5. All patients were monitored in the neurosciences intensive care unit for safety and tolerability of mesenchymal stem/stromal cell infusion and adverse events. We also explored the use of cytokines as biomarkers to assess responsiveness to the cell therapy. We screened 140 patients, enrolling 9 who met eligibility criteria into three dose groups: 0.5 million cells/kg, 1 million cells/kg, and 2 million cells/kg.

Results
Intravenous administration of allogeneic bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells to treat patients with acute ICH is feasible and safe.

Conclusions
Future larger randomized, placebo-controlled ICH studies are necessary to validate this study and establish the effectiveness of this therapeutic approach in the treatment of patients with ICH.
Probiotics Attenuate Myopathic Changes in Aging Rats via Activation of the Myogenic Stellate Cells
Authors: Abdel-Halim Nehal H. M. , Farrag Eman A. E. , Hammad Maha O. , Habotta Ola Ali , Hassan Hend M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAging represents a complex biological process associated with decline in skeletal muscle functions. Aging impairs satellite cells that serve as muscle progenitor cells. Probiotic supplementation may have many beneficial effects via various mechanisms. We examined the possible effects of probiotics in stimulating the proliferation of myogenic stellate cells in aging rats. Twenty-four male albino Sprague–Dawley rats were classified equally into four groups: adult control, old control, adult + probiotics, and old + probiotics. Probiotics (Lactobacillus LB) were administered gavage at a dose of 1 ml (1 × 109 CFU/ml/day) for 4 weeks. A significant increase in the relative gastrocnemius weight ratio and improvement of contractile parameters was detected in the old + probiotics group (0.6 ± 0.01) compared to the old control group (0.47 ± 0.01; P < 0.001). Probiotics significantly upregulated the activities of GSH, while NO and MDA were markedly decreased compared to control groups (P ≤ 0.001). Also, probiotics increased the mRNA and protein expressions of myogenin and CD34 (P < 0.05) as determined by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Moreover, the old + probiotics group showed apparent restoration of the connective tissue spaces, reflecting the all-beneficial effects of probiotics. Our findings indicated that probiotics attenuated myopathic changes in aging rats probably through activation of the myogenic stellate cells. Probiotics improved the muscle weight, function, antioxidant activity, and myogenic transcription factors of the skeletal muscle.
Understanding the fixed pitch RPM-controlled rotor modeling for the conceptual design of UAM vehicles
Authors: Atci Kagan , Weiand Peter , Guner Feyyaz 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMost of the introduced eVTOL models in the UAM market utilize electrically driven rotors with fixed pitch blades, controlled by their rotational speed. This design approach brings new features and challenges that need to be considered during the conceptual design stage, taking new aspects into account, among them the rotor dynamic response. This paper presents an initial parameterization of the rpm-controlled rotors along with the electric motor, based on the conducted literature research. Several isolated rotor variants are modeled and analyzed in terms of performance, and the dynamic response of the rotor rotational speed. The relations between aerodynamics and inertia are discussed, and their effects on the rotor dynamic response are elaborated on.
The Moral Significance of Privacy Dependencies
Authors: Munch Lauritz Aastrup , Mainz Jakob Thrane 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOften, when we share information about ourselves, we contribute to people learning personal things about others. This may happen because what we share about ourselves can be used to infer personal information about others. Such dependencies have become known as privacy dependencies in the literature. It is sometimes claimed that the scope of the right to privacy should be expanded in light of such dependencies. For example, some have argued that inferring information about others can violate their right to privacy. Others have argued that sharing personal information about yourself that license such inferences can by itself violate the right to privacy. In this paper, we argue that the latter view should be rejected.
A first look back: model performance under Solvency II
Authors: Korn Ralf , Stahl Gerhard 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe consider an empirical backtesting for the Solvency Capital Required (SCR) under Solvency II. Based on empirical facts that the Basic own Funds (BoF) can be assumed to evolve log-normally and have a much lower volatility than the corresponding equity for our test data, we make a proposal based on Earnings at Risk (EaR) that can be used to reduce the biases from overshooting SCR estimates in a prudential way.
Towards Full Thickness Small Intestinal Models: Incorporation of Stromal Cells
Authors: Asal Melis , Rep Mila , Bontkes Hetty J. , van Vliet Sandra J. , Mebius Reina E. , Gibbs Susan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Since small intestine is one of the major barriers of the human body, there is a need to develop reliable in vitro human small intestinal models. These models should incorporate both the epithelial and lamina propria compartments and have similar barrier properties compared to that of the human tissue. These properties are essential for various applications, such as studying cell–cell interaction, intestinal diseases and testing permeability and metabolism of drugs and other compounds. The small intestinal lamina propria contains multiple stromal cell populations with several important functions, such as secretion of extracellular matrix proteins and soluble mediators. In addition, stromal cells influence the intestinal epithelial barrier, support the intestinal stem cell niche and interact with immune cells.

Methods
In this review, we provide an extensive overview on the different types of lamina propria stromal cells found in small intestine and describe a combination of molecular markers that can be used to distinguish each different stromal cell type. We focus on studies that incorporated stromal cells into human representative small intestine models cultured on transwells.

Results and Conclusion
These models display enhanced epithelial morphology, increased cell proliferation and human-like barrier properties, such as low transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and intermediate permeability, thus better mimicking the native human small intestine than models only consisting of an epithelium which generally show high TEER and low permeability.
Integrating knowledge representation into traffic prediction: a spatial–temporal graph neural network with adaptive fusion features
Authors: Zhou Yi , Liu Yihan , Ning Nianwen , Wang Li , Zhang Zixing , Gao Xiaozhi , Lu Ning 
Published: December 2023

AbstractVarious external factors that interfere with traffic flow, such as weather conditions, traffic accidents, incidents, and Points of Interest (POIs), need to be considered in performing traffic forecasting tasks. However, the current research methods encounter difficulties in effectively incorporating these factors with traffic characteristics and efficiently updating them, which leads to a lack of dynamics and interpretability. Moreover, capturing temporal dependence and spatial dependence separately and sequentially can result in issues, such as information loss and model errors. To address these challenges, we present a Knowledge Representation learning-actuated spatial–temporal graph neural network (KR-STGNN) for traffic flow prediction. We combine the knowledge embedding with the traffic features via Gated Feature Fusion Module (GFFM), and dynamically update the traffic features adaptively according to the importance of external factors. To conduct the co-capture of spatial–temporal dependencies, we subsequently propose a spatial–temporal feature synchronous capture module (ST-FSCM) combining dilation causal convolution with GRU. Experimental results on a real-world traffic data set demonstrate that KR-STGNN has superior forecasting performances over diverse prediction horizons, especially for short-term prediction. The ablation and perturbation analysis experiments further validate the effectiveness and robustness of the designed method.
Log concavity for unimodal sequences
Authors: Bridges Walter , Bringmann Kathrin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we prove that the number of unimodal sequences of size n is log-concave. These are coefficients of a mixed false modular form and have a Rademacher-type exact formula due to recent work of the second author and Nazaroglu on false theta functions. Log-concavity and higher Turán inequalities have been well-studied for (restricted) partitions and coefficients of weakly holomorphic modular forms, and analytic proofs generally require precise asymptotic series with error term. In this paper, we proceed from the exact formula for unimodal sequences to carry out this calculation. We expect our method applies to other exact formulas for coefficients of mixed mock/false modular objects.
Allelopathic Potential of Aqueous Extracts and Essential Oils of Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Thymus vulgaris L
Authors: Elghobashy Roufaida M. , El-Darier Salama M. , Atia Adel M. , Zakaria Mohamed 
Published: December 2023

Abstract Allelopathic effects of essential oils and aqueous extracts from Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) and Thymus vulgaris (thyme) have been investigated as a source of new natural herbicidal compounds to suppress two weeds: Chenopodium album and Echinochloa crus-galli associated with two important economic crops, Triticum aestivum (wheat) and Oryza sativa (rice), respectively. A petri-dish experiment was performed, and 10, 20, 50, and 100% aqueous solutions, and doses of 0, 2, 4, 8, and 16 µL of essential oil per petri dish were applied. The number of germinated seeds in each Petri dish was counted daily. After 15 days, germination percentage, the coefficient of velocity of germination, speed of germination, germination energy, germination index, mean germination time, seedling shoot length, root length, shoot–root ratio, and seedling vigour index were recorded. The chemical profiles of both essential oils were identified with GC–MS analysis. Eucalyptol (1,8-cineole), α-pinene, and camphor were identified as the dominant constituents of the rosemary essential oil. The major components detected in thyme essential oil were thymol, o-cymene, caryophyllene, and gamma-terpinene. The results showed that thyme essential oils had the most negative effect by inhibiting the germination of weeds. Both rosemary and thyme essential oils had a generally reducing effect on the growth parameters of weeds. The essential oils of rosemary and thyme have allelopathic potential and should be assessed as allelopathic agents to be used for weed control.
Increased Expression of Neprilysin Is Associated with Inflammation in Preeclampsia
Authors: Atta Sara , Mekky Rehab , Ibrahim Mostafa , Abdallah Mohamed M. , Elbaz Mona A. H. , Radwan Eman 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPreeclampsia (PE) is associated with a finely tuned equilibrium between trophoblast cell invasion and fetal-maternal immunological tolerance. An imbalance between proinflammatory (IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines is a hallmark of PE. Neprilysin (NEP), a membrane-bound metalloprotease, is vulnerable to the inflammatory environment and plays a significant role in modulating vascular tone. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between NEP (mRNA and protein) levels and the inflammatory status in PE patients compared to healthy pregnant women and to identify the role of NEP in evaluating the severity of preeclampsia. The study group comprised 52 pregnant women with PE while the control group comprised 47 normotensive pregnant women. After a caesarean section, placental tissue samples from patients and controls were collected to measure the expression levels of IL-6, TGF-β, IL-10, and NEP mRNA. In addition, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to assess the quantity of NEP protein in blood samples. Our results revealed a significant positive correlation between NEP (mRNA and protein) and proinflammatory markers IL-6 and TGF-β levels in patients compared to controls and a significant inverse correlation between NEP and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Moreover, this is the first study to find a strong positive correlation between NEP level and PE severity. In conclusion, in PE patients, there is a substantial relationship between NEP, the degree of inflammation, and PE severity. NEP could act as a potential biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of PE.