bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of selenium‐supplement on the calcium signaling in human endothelial cells
Authors: Zheng Yi , Zhong Liangwei , Shen Xun 
Published: May 2005

AbstractIntracellular Ca2+ signaling controls many cellular functions. Understanding its regulation by selenoproteins is essential for understanding the role of selenoproteins in regulating cell functions. The activity of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), thioredoxin (Trx) content, and the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the human endothelial cells cultured in selenium‐supplemented medium (refer as Se+ cells) was found 70%, 40%, and 20% higher, respectively than those in the cells cultured in normal medium (refer as Se0 cells). The intracellular Ca2+ signaling initiated by inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate (IP3), histamine, thapsigargin (TG), carbonyl cyanide p‐(tri‐fluoromethoxy) phenyl‐hydrazone (FCCP), and cyclosporin A (CsA) was investigated in both Se+ and Se0 cells. It was interestingly found that the higher activity of selenoproteins reduced the sensitivity of IP3 receptor to the IP3‐triggered Ca2+ release from intracellular stores, but enhanced activation of the receptor‐coupled phospholipase C in histamine‐stimulated Se+ cells by showing much more generation of IP3 and higher elevation of cytosolic Ca2+. The higher selenoprotein activity also reduced susceptibility of the uniporter to the mitochondrial uncoupler, susceptibility of the permeability transition pore (PTP) to its inhibitor, and the vulnerability of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+‐ATPase to its inhibitor in selenium‐supplementing cells. The results suggest that cell calcium signaling is subjected to thiol‐redox regulation by selenoproteins. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preadipocytes in the human subcutaneous adipose tissue display distinct features from the adult mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Sengenès Coralie , Lolmède Karine , Zakaroff‐Girard Alexia , Busse Rudi , Bouloumié Anne 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe stroma‐vascular fraction (SVF) of human adipose tissue has recently been described to be composed of endothelial cells identified as CD34+/CD31+ cells, infiltrated/resident macrophages defined as CD14+/CD31+ cells, and a new cell population characterized as CD34+/CD31− cells. To elucidate the cell identity of the adipocyte precursor cells, fluorescent activating cell sorter (FACS) analyses were performed on crude SVF cultured under adipogenic conditions, i.e., serum‐deprived medium containing insulin, cortisol, triiodothyronine, and supplemented with a PPARγ agonist for the first 3 days. The progressive accumulation of lipid droplets was associated with a selective enrichment of the CD34+/CD31− cell population whereas control experiments performed in medium supplemented with 10% serum showed an overall downregulation of the three cell markers without adipogenesis. Among the different cell subsets, the CD34+/CD31− subset was the unique cell fraction able to answer to adipogenic culture conditions. Indeed, a time‐dependent expression of adipocyte markers as well as acquisition of adipocyte‐typical metabolic activities were observed. In parallel, the gene expression of lipogenic and lipolytic enzymes increased. The ability to differentiate into adipocytes was restricted to cells that did not express the mesenchymal stem cell marker CD105. Furthermore, the CD34+/CD31− cells did not respond to culture conditions used for hematopoietic colony assays. Taken together, the present study demonstrates that adipocyte progenitor cells, i.e., the preadipocytes, are included in the CD34+/CD31− cell fraction, which displays distinct features from the adult mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Contribution of mouse egg zona pellucida glycoproteins to gamete recognition during fertilization
Authors: Wassarman Paul M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractFor sperm to fertilize eggs, they must first bind to the thick zona pellucida (ZP) that surrounds the plasma membrane of all unfertilized mammalian eggs. An extensive literature suggests that mouse sperm recognize and bind to a specific ZP glycoprotein called mZP3. However, the role of individual ZP glycoproteins in binding of mouse sperm to eggs has been called into question by recent transgenic experiments with null mice. Results of such experiments have been interpreted to mean that binding of sperm depends on the supramolecular structure of the ZP, not on an individual ZP glycoprotein. Here, it is argued that results of these transgenic experiments actually are consistent with the prevailing view of gamete recognition that implicates a specific ZP glycoprotein in both binding of mouse sperm to eggs and induction of the acrosome reaction. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic basis for innovations in floral organ identity
Authors: Kramer Elena M. , Jaramillo M. Alejandra 
Published: May 2005

AbstractOf the many innovations associated with the radiation of the angiosperms, the evolution of a petal identity program is among the best understood from a genetic standpoint. Although the existing data do indicate that similar genetic mechanisms control petal development across diverse taxa, there is also considerable evidence for variability in petal identity programs, likely due to a number of factors. These points are illustrated through a review of our current knowledge on the subject, integrating phylogenetic, morphological, and genetic studies. Comparative studies of petal identity highlight the complex nature of homology in plants and stand as a cautionary tale for the interpretation of gene expression data. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 304B, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chronic treatment with the mGlu5R antagonist MPEP reduces the functional effects of the mGlu5R agonist CHPG in the striatum of 6‐hydroxydopamine‐lesioned rats: Possible relevance to the effects of mGlu5R blockade in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Domenici Maria Rosaria , Potenza Rosa Luisa , Martire Alberto , Coccurello Roberto , Pèzzola Antonella , Reggio Rosaria , Tebano Maria Teresa , Popoli Patrizia 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThis study was designed to test whether chronic treatment with the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5R) antagonist MPEP showed antiparkinsonian effects in rats unilaterally lesioned with 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) (a “classic” model of Parkinson's disease, PD), and to evaluate whether chronic MPEP influenced the functional properties and/or the expression of striatal mGlu5Rs. Wistar rats were lesioned with 6‐OHDA and then treated with MPEP (3 mg/kg/day, i.p.) or its vehicle over 2 weeks. Chronic MPEP did not induce measurable antiparkinsonian effects, since no differences were found between MPEP‐ and vehicle‐treated animals in the pattern of L‐DOPA‐induced contralateral rotations. In corticostriatal slices taken from animals chronically treated with MPEP, the functional effects of the mGlu5R agonist CHPG were significantly reduced in the lesioned vs. the intact side, while no changes were found in slices taken from vehicle‐treated rats. The binding of [3H]MPEP to striatal membranes showed that neither the maximal number of binding sites (Bmax) nor the dissociation constant (Kd) were changed by the lesion and/or by chronic MPEP. While chronic MPEP did not potentiate L‐DOPA‐induced turning in a classical model of PD, its ability to reduce mGlu5R‐associated signal could help to explain the neuroprotective/antiparkinsonian effects observed in other models of PD. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neuronal vulnerability in mouse models of Huntington's disease: Membrane channel protein changes
Authors: Ariano Marjorie A. , Wagle Naveed , Grissell Anne E. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractHuntington's disease (HD) is caused by a polyglutamine expansion that results in atrophy of the striatum and frontal cortex during disease progression. HD‐susceptible striatal neurons are affected chronologically with initial degeneration of the striatopallidal neurons then the striatonigral projections, whereas large aspiny striatal interneurons (LAN) survive. Two classes of critical membrane proteins were evaluated in transgenic mouse models to determine their association with HD susceptibility, which leads to dysfunction and death in selected striatal neuron populations. We examined potassium (K+) channel protein subunits that form membrane ionophores conducting inwardly and outwardly rectifying K+ currents. K+ channel protein staining was diminished substantially in the HD striatal projection neurons but was not expressed in the HD‐resistant LAN. Because loss of K+ channel subunits depolarizes neurons, other voltage‐gated ionophores will be affected. N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors and their phosphorylation by cyclic AMP were studied as a mechanism contributing to excitotoxic vulnerability in striatal projection neurons that would lose voltage regulation after diminished K+ channels. NR1 subunits showed significant elevation in the HD transgenic projection systems but were expressed at very low levels in LAN. NR1 subunit phosphorylation by cyclic AMP also was enhanced in striatal projection neurons but not in LAN. Cyclic AMP‐driven phosphorylation of NMDA receptors increases the channel open time and elevates neuronal glutamate responsiveness, which may lead to excitotoxicity. Together our data suggest that changes in these proteins and their modification may predispose striatal projection neurons to dysfunction and then degeneratation in HD and provide a mechanism for LAN resistance in the disease. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Limiting iron availability confers neuroprotection from chronic mild carbon monoxide exposure in the developing auditory system of the rat
Authors: Webber Douglas S. , Lopez Ivan , Korsak Rose A. , Hirota Sean , Acuna Dora , Edmond John 
Published: May 2005

AbstractIron deficiency and chronic mild carbon monoxide (CO) exposure are nutritional and environmental problems that can be experienced simultaneously. We examined the effects of chronic mild CO exposure and iron availability on auditory development in the rat. We propose that chronic mild CO exposure creates an oxidative stress condition that impairs the spiral ganglion neurons. The CO‐exposed rat pups had decreased neurofilament proteins and increased copper, zinc‐superoxide dismutase (SOD1) in the spiral ganglion neurons. We conclude that the increased amount of SOD1 causes an increase in hydrogen peroxide production that allows the Fenton reaction to occur. This reaction uses both iron and hydrogen peroxide to generate hydroxyl radicals and leads to the development of oxidative stress that impairs neuronal integrity. However, rat pups with decreased iron and CO exposure (ARIDCO) exhibited in their cochlea an up‐regulation of transferrin, whereas their expression of neurofilament proteins and SOD1 were similar to control. Consequently, reduced iron availability and the normal expression of SOD1 do not promote oxidative stress in the cochlea. By using basal c‐Fos expression as a marker for cellular activation we found a significant reduction in c‐Fos expression in the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus in iron‐adequate rat pups exposed to CO. By contrast, rather than being reduced, c‐Fos expression in the ARIDCO group is the same as for controls. We conclude that the cochlea of rat pups with normal iron availability is selectively affected by mild CO exposure, causing a chronic oxidative stress, whereas limiting iron availability ameliorates the effect caused by mild CO exposure by averting conditions that facilitate oxidative stress. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nuclear condensation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate responsive element‐binding protein in discrete murine brain structures
Authors: Kuramoto Nobuyuki , Kubo Keita , Ogita Kiyokazu , Pláteník Jan , Balcar Vladimir J. , Takarada Takeshi , Nakamichi Noritaka , Yoneda Yukio 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe have directed a polyclonal antibody against an oligo‐peptide (123–136) of the transcription factor cyclic AMP responsive element‐binding protein (CREB) including the serine residue at 133. Rabbit sera were purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, followed by affinity chromatography to homogeneity on one‐dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified antibody not only induced marked supershift of CREB binding, without affecting binding of activator protein‐1 on gel retardation electrophoresis, but also differentiated between CREB and CREB phosphorylated at serine133 in brain nuclear fractions on Western blotting. Immunoreactive CREB was detected in both cytosolic and nuclear fractions of discrete murine brain structures but was more highly condensed in cerebellum than in neocortex and hippocampus. Incubation of brain nuclear fractions led to a marked export of immunoreactive CREB in a temperature‐dependent manner, whereas the temperature‐dependent export activity was significantly lower in cerebellum than in other brain structures. Suppression of general new protein synthesis by cycloheximide (500 mg/kg, i.p.) in vivo resulted in a significant decrease in the nuclear CREB level, with a concomitant increase in the cytosolic level in hippocampus, but not in cerebellum. These results suggest that the nuclear export activity might vary from region to region in murine brains through a hitherto unidentified mechanism other than the nuclear localization signal, to result in different nuclear condensation ratios for subsequent elicitation of differential transcriptional activities by the constitutive transcription factor CREB in the nucleus. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Control of microbial growth and rancidity in rabbit carcasses by modified atmosphere packaging
Authors: Berruga M Isabel , Vergara Herminia , Linares M Belén 
Published: May 2005

AbstractHalf‐carcasses of rabbit packed under four different modified atmospheres (MA; A: 30% CO2 + 70% O2; B: 30% CO2 + 30% O2 + 40% N2; C: 40% CO2 + 60% N2; D: 80% CO2 + 20% O2) and stored at 1 °C over 20 days, were assessed in relation to bacteria (total viable counts (TVC), lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas) and rancidity development as 2‐thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). None of the MA tested produced mean counts greater than 5 log CFU cm−2 for TVC and LAB, or greater 2 log CFU cm−2 for Pseudomonas and Enterobacteriaceae. All MA showed an inhibitory effect on microbial growth, especially on growth of the spoilage bacteria Pseudomonas and Enterobacteriaceae. This inhibition was more relevant in atmospheres with higher CO2 concentrations (types C and D). Significant differences in rancidity levels between MA types (p < 0.01) were observed 10 days post‐packing. In general these values were higher in MA type A, which showed a significant increase in TBARS values (p < 0.05) over time. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
The effect of edible eggshell coatings on egg quality and consumer perception
Authors: Caner Cengiz 
Published: May 2005

AbstractEffects of the various coatings (whey protein isolate, chitosan and shellac) on fresh eggs quality were evaluated based on the interior quality and sensory evaluation during 4 weeks of storage. During storage, all egg weights and albumen heights decreased and albumen pH increased. The lowest weight loss (0.75%) was observed in shellac‐coated eggs. Eggs coated with chitosan and whey protein also had significantly lower weight loss than uncoated (UC) eggs (p < 0.05). The albumen pH of the UC eggs was significantly higher than that of coated eggs and increased during storage time. The Haugh unit and yolk‐index values of all coated eggs were significantly higher than those of UC. Among the coated eggs, the shellac eggs had the highest value of Haugh unit and yolk index. Chitosan and shellac effectively maintained grade ‘A’ eggs for at least 2 weeks more than control and 1 week more than whey protein isolate. On the basis of sensory evaluation, shellac has highest glossiness, but lowest general acceptability. Eggs coated with whey protein had significantly higher general acceptability. Yolk lightness (L*)(a*) and (b*) of coated eggs were not different from UC after 4 weeks. The $\Delta E_{\rm {ab}}^{*}$ values of color differences were similar to controls. The study demonstrated that various coatings improved the shelf life of eggs. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Ensiling characteristics and aerobic stability of direct‐cut and wilted grass silages inoculated with Lactobacillus casei or Lactobacillus buchneri
Authors: Nishino Naoki , Touno Eiko 
Published: May 2005

AbstractTwo experiments were conducted to study the effects of wilting and inoculating Lactobacillus casei or Lactobacillus buchneri on the fermentation and aerobic stability of grass silages. Chopped Italian ryegrass (IR) and Festulolium (FE) were ensiled with or without wilting and added L casei (>106 cfu g−1 fresh matter (FM)) or L buchneri (>106 cfu g−1 FM). Silos were opened after 120 days and microbial counts, fermentation products and aerobic stability were determined. Addition of L casei increased lactic acid and decreased acetic acid and dry matter loss regardless of wilting and forage species. Inoculation of L buchneri decreased lactic acid and increased acetic acid and 1,2‐propanediol, while the effects appeared greater in direct‐cut than in wilted grass silages. Although 1,2‐propanediol accumulated in FE silage, the diol was degraded further to propionic acid and 1‐propanol in IR silage. The activity of 1,2‐propanediol degradation was lowered when IR was wilted prior to ensiling; 1,2‐propanediol remained and the production of propionic acid and 1‐propanol was less than one‐third of that in direct‐cut silage. Regardless of forage species, addition of L buchneri increased dry matter loss compared with the untreated control, whereas the loss was not significant in wilted silages. Ammonia production was increased by L buchneri in direct‐cut but not in wilted silages. No heating was observed with or without inoculation in direct‐cut IR silage after exposure to air. Other silages were deteriorated when L buchneri was not inoculated, while the spoilage was accelerated when L casei was added to FE. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparative study of the polypeptide profiles and functional properties of Sinapis alba and Brassica juncea seed meals and protein concentrates
Authors: Aluko Rotimi E , McIntosh Tara , Katepa‐Mupondwa Felicitas 
Published: May 2005

AbstractDefatted meals and protein concentrates from six accessions of Sinapis alba and one accession of Brassica juncea mustard seeds were analysed for their polypeptide profile and functional properties. Two types of protein concentrates were prepared using acid‐induced and calcium‐induced protein precipitations. Meals from the S alba seeds had similar polypeptide composition, which was different from that of the B juncea meal. Non‐reducing sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that two of the major polypeptides (50 and 55 kDa) in S alba seeds were susceptible to acid‐induced precipitation but resistant to calcium‐induced precipitation. The B juncea meal proteins were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) more susceptible to heat coagulation than the S alba meal proteins. Emulsifying activity index was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) in the B juncea meal and protein concentrates when compared with similar products from S alba. It was concluded that the presence of a high‐molecular‐weight (135 kDa) disulfide‐bonded polypeptide could have contributed to the lower emulsifying power of the S alba products when compared with the B juncea proteins that do not have this polypeptide. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Screening food products for the presence of CaMV 35S promoter and NOS 3′ terminator
Authors: Oraby Hanaa AS , Hassan Amal A , Abou Mossallam Ahlam A 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBiotechnology has enabled the modification of agricultural materials in a very precise way, thereby improving productivity and yields of economically important crops. There are a number of methods available for detecting genetically modified organisms (GMOs). In the present investigation, a qualitative PCR technique has been adopted in order to discriminate between genetically modified and non‐modified food products. The qualitative PCR assay employs primers specific for genetic elements that are used to generate genetically engineered agricultural crops. Two of the most common primers used for the detection of GMOs, 35S promoter and NOS 3′ terminator, have been tested over a panel of 24 food products purchased from the local market. The results indicated that, out of the 24 food products tested, three products gave positive results with the 35S promoter. The NOS 3′ primers gave negative results with all tested samples. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Kernel texture differences among US soft wheat cultivars
Authors: Morris Craig F , Campbell Kim Garland , King Garrison E 
Published: May 2005

AbstractKernel texture is a key factor in the quality and utilization of soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L), yet the variation in kernel texture among US soft wheat cultivars is largely unknown. This study evaluated the following hypothesis: soft wheat cultivars differ in kernel texture due to minor genetic factor(s). Once identified, selected contrasting cultivars could serve as candidates for crop improvement and future genetic studies. To test the hypothesis, kernel texture (SKCS, Single Kernel Characterization System), NIR (near‐infrared reflectance) and Quadrumat break flour yield were evaluated for 30 cultivars drawn from the four major US soft wheat regions and sub‐classes (eastern and western soft white winter, soft red winter and Club). Cultivars were grown in replicated trials over 6 site‐years in Washington state. The results clearly indicated that relatively large, consistent genetic differences in kernel texture exist among US soft wheat cultivars. SKCS and NIR were fairly well correlated (r = 0.85) and tended to rank cultivars in the same order. However, individual cultivars deviated from this linear relationship and occasionally rankings changed substantially. Trends were observed among the geographical regions and sub‐classes, eg the first 13 hardest‐ranked positions (SKCS) were held by western cultivars (13 of the 16 total western cultivars). Quadrumat break flour yield provided an independent assessment of kernel texture and was not correlated with SKCS or NIR hardness. Four distinct cultivar groupings were made based on analysis of variance and two‐dimensional graphical assessment. Each group represented contrasting levels of kernel texture (SKCS or NIR) and break flour yield. Identification of the specific underlying gene(s) conferring kernel texture variation among US soft wheats awaits the next phase of research. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Time harmonic acoustic scattering in anisotropic media
Authors: Dassios G. , Karadima K. S. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe scattering problem of a plane or a point source generated wave is considered for the case where both the medium of propagation and the interior of the scatterer exhibit their own anisotropies. A particular redirected gradient operator is introduced, which carries all directional characteristics of the anisotropic medium. Once the fundamental solution is obtained, integral representations for the scattered as well as for the interior and the total fields are generated. For such media even the handling of the singularities, in generating integral representations, depends on the characteristics of the particular medium. A modified, also medium dependent, radiation condition is introduced. Detailed asymptotic analysis leads to an integral representation for the scattering amplitude. The associated energy functionals are presented and the relative cross sections are also defined. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.