bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visuospatial impairment in dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease: a process analysis approach
Authors: Simard Martine , van Reekum Robert , Myran David 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBackgroundReports of differential impairments on visual‐construction tasks in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are sometimes controversial, whereas visual‐perceptual data are lacking. The existence of different clinical sub‐groups of DLB has been hypothesized to explain the discrepancies among the cognitive results. The goal of this study was to compare the visual‐perceptual performance of subjects with DLB with predominant psychosis, DLB with predominant parkinsonian features and AD.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional neuropsychological study with between diagnostic group comparisons. The Benton Judgement Line Orientation (BJLO) test was administered to four DLB patients with predominant psychosis (DLB‐psy), four DLB subjects with predominant parkinsonian features (DLB‐PD), and 13 patients with AD. An analysis of error types was applied to the results of the BJLO with QO1, QO2, QO3, QO4 (visual attention) errors, as well as VH, IQO, IQOV, and IQOH (visual‐spatial perception) errors.ResultsA MANOVA showed significant differences between the DLB, and AD groups on the number of VH (F = 6.049, df = 1,19, p = 0.024), IQOH (F = 4.645, df = 1,19, p = 0.044) and QO1 (F = 4.491, df = 1,19, p = 0.047) errors, but no difference on the total score of the BJLO. Another MANOVA and post hoc Student–Newman–Keuls analyses demonstrated that the DLB‐psy sub‐group made significantly more VH and IQOH errors than AD and the DLB‐PD subjects.ConclusionsSubjects with DLB and psychosis have more severe visual‐perception (VH errors) impairments than subjects with DLB and predominant parkinsonian features, and AD subjects. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validation of the modified telephone interview for cognitive status (TICS‐m) in Hebrew
Authors: Beeri Michal Schnaider , Werner Perla , Davidson Michael , Schmidler James , Silverman Jeremy 
Published: May 2003

AbstractIntroductionThe validity of the Hebrew version of the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status‐Modified (TICS‐m) for Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), for dementia, and for cognitive impairment (either MCI or dementia) was investigated.MethodsOf the 10 059 who took part of the Israel Ischemic Heart Disease Cohort, 1902 of the 2901 survivors in 1999 had TICS‐m interviews. Those with a score of 27 or below and a random sample with a score of 28 or 29 were invited to have a physician's examination for the diagnosis of dementia. The analysis was performed on the 576 who agreed.ResultsBased on physician's diagnosis, 269 were diagnosed as suffering from dementia, 128 as suffering from MCI, and 179 were diagnosed with no cognitive impairment. The TICS‐m Hebrew version's internal consistency was very high (Cronbach's alpha = 0.98) and showed a strong convergent validity with the MMSE (r = 0.82; p < 0.0005). The sensitivity was 100% for each of the conditions. Finally, after controlling for age, education and hearing impairment, TICS‐m was a strong predictor of dementia, MCI and cognitive impairment.ConclusionAt a cut‐off of 27/50 the Hebrew version of the TICS‐m is a useful screening instrument to identify subjects suffering from mild cognitive impairment, dementia and cognitive impairment (MCI or dementia). Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Service provision for elderly depressed persons and political and professional awareness for this subject: a comparison of six European countries
Authors: Bramesfeld Anke 
Published: May 2003

AbstractObjectiveUnder‐treatment of depression in late‐life is a subject of rising public health concern throughout Europe. This study investigates and compares the availability of services for depressed elderly persons in Denmark, France, Germany, Sweden, Switzerland and the UK. Additionally, it explores factors that might contribute to an adequate services supply for depressed elderly people.MethodReview of the literature and guide supported expert interviews. Analysis of the practice of care provision for depressed elderly persons and of indicators for political and professional awareness, such as university chairs, certification processes and political programmes in gerontopsychiatry.ResultsOnly Switzerland and the UK offer countrywide community‐oriented services for depressed elderly persons. Clinical experience in treating depression in late‐life is not regularly acquired in the vocational training of the concerned professionals. Indicators suggest that the ‘medical society’ and health politics in Switzerland and the UK regard psychiatric disease in the elderly more importantly than it is the case in the other investigated countries.ConclusionsService provision for depressed elderly persons seems to be more elaborated and better available in countries where gerontopsychiatry is institutionalised to a greater extend in the ‘medical society’ and health politics. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The early stage of vascular dementia: significance of a complete therapeutic program
Authors: Kruglov L. S. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractTheoryMild manifestations of vascular dementia are relatively widespread among the old‐age population. Drug therapy for this disorder is insufficiently effective at present, making it necessary to improve the treatment of such patients by means of an adequate psychotherapeutic and rehabilitation program.AimsTo assess the role of psychotherapeutic and rehabilitation measures in improving outcome in the early stage of vascular dementia.MethodsThe test and control cohorts (each n = 95) were matched for characteristics found to be significant for outcome of treatment (the relevant predictors were found using Multiple Regression Analysis). The cohorts differed in the amount of the psychotherapy and rehabilitation received. To assess the effects of treatment the SCAG scale and a special scale for evaluating the level of activity in the household were used.ResultsIn the test cohort the patients' condition improved significantly compared with the controls. Even in case of only slight therapeutic reduction of psychopathologic symptoms the systematic use of psychotherapeutic and rehabilitation methods favoured preserving a certain level of activity in the household and for some patients even improving it.ConclusionsThe results of therapy at the early stage of vascular dementia to a great extent depend on carrying out a full‐scale psychotherapeutic and rehabilitation program. The positive significance of the latter is connected not only with improvement of clinical indices but also with direct optimizing the every day life activity level. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CSF phosphorylated tau—does it constitute an accurate biological test for Alzheimer's disease?
Authors: Mitchell Alex , Brindle Nick 
Published: May 2003

AbstractIntroductionThere is considerable interest in developing a diagnostic test which could differentiate between early Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other causes of memory impairment with more than 80% sensitivity and 80% specificity.ObjectiveTo review the studies that have examined CSF phosphorylated tau as diagnostic test of AD vs clinically representative comparison groups.MethodA critical review of the literature using Embase, Web of Science, Medline and Psychinfo databases supplemented by handsearching and contact with experts in the field.ResultsCSF phosphorylated tau is a marker of AD that improves upon the utility of CSF total tau and clinical examination alone. Studies have found high levels of tau phosphorylated at Threonine 231 and/or Serine 199 in AD but not in other causes of dementia, in depression or in healthy elderly controls. Of particular interest, the test appears equally valid in cases of early AD as in moderate or late stages and may also be of use in predicting future decline in subjects with mild cognitive impairment.ConclusionCSF phosphorylated tau is a promising diagnostic test for AD but this requires replication using pathologically confirmed cases. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevalence of sub‐threshold depression in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Yohannes Abebaw M. , Baldwin Robert C. , Connolly Martin J. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractObjectivesWe hypothesized that COPD patients with sub‐threshold depression would have levels of disability and impaired quality of life approaching that for major depression and significantly greater than for non‐depressed COPD patients.SettingA university teaching hospitalMethod137 outpatients (69 men), with a mean age of 73 years (range 60–89 years) with symptomatic irreversible, moderate to severe COPD were recruited. Subjects were interviewed using the Geriatric Mental State Schedule (GMS), a structured psychiatric interview schedule, along with its diagnostic algorithm AGECAT. A GMS/AGECAT score of 3 or more is indicative of a case‐level of depression, a GMS/AGECAT score of 1–2 indicates sub‐threshold depression and GMS/AGECAT of 0, no depression. Physical disability was measured by the Manchester Respiratory Activities of Daily Living questionnaire (MRADL) and quality of life was assessed by the Breathing Problems Questionnaire (BPQ).ResultsMean (SD) one second forced expiratory volume was 0.89 (0.33) litres. The prevalence of GMS/AGECAT case‐level depression (≥ 3) was 57 cases (42%); of GMS/AGECAT sub‐threshold depression (1–2) 34 (25%); and GMS/AGECAT non‐depression (0) 46 (33%). Comparison of MRADL score in the three groups (mean, 95% confidence intervals) revealed [GMS ≥ 3 = 9.9 (8.4 to 11.3) vs GMS = 1–2, 12.9 (11.2 to 14.4) vs GMS = 0, 15.6 (14 to 16.6) p < 0.0001]. BPQ scores (mean, 95% confidence intervals) showed [GMS ≥ 3 = 54 (50 to 57) vs GMS = 1–2, 40 (36.3 to 44) GMS = 0, 33 (30.6 to 36.7) p < 0.0001]. There was no significant difference in FEV1 between the three groups.ConclusionSub‐threshold depression accounted for 25% of the sample. In this study disability associated with sub‐threshold depression in patients with COPD was intermediate to that associated with case‐level depression and no with depression and significantly worse than in the latter group. Sub‐threshold depression is associated with substantial morbidity in COPD. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phantom boarder symptom in dementia
Authors: Hwang Jen‐Ping , Yang Chen‐Hong , Tsai Shih‐Jen 
Published: May 2003

AbstractObjectivePhantom boarder symptom (PBS), which has been labelled a misidentification and is commonly observed in cases of Alzheimer's disease, is the perceptual dysfunction where it is imagined that there are people in the home. It may also be encountered in cases of vascular dementia and other variants of this cognitive dysfunction. This study was undertaken to investigate PBS frequency and characteristics for a sample of dementia inpatients, and to determine the strength of the association with other psychotic symptoms.MethodsThe sample population consisted of 240 dementia patients admitted to our geropsychiatric ward. Patients with and without PBS were compared in terms of general characteristics and psychotic symptoms.ResultsOf the 240 dementia patients, PBS was identified in 56 (23.3%). There were no significant gender differences between the PBS and non‐PBS groups. Means for age and onset‐age were higher for the PBS group, and the prevalence of hallucinations and other misidentifications was greater compared to the non‐PBS analog. Occurrence of PBS was not significantly associated with delusions or physical aggression.ConclusionsPBS is a common symptom in dementia of various etiologies. Our association findings suggest that it may be more productive to classify PBS as a type of misidentification, instead of as a delusion. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antidepressant‐associated mania in late life
Authors: Young R. C. , Jain H. , Kiosses D. N. , Meyers B. S. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBackgroundElderly patients can present with mania for the first time late in life, and some elders treated with antidepressants can present with mania. Clinical characteristics of antidepressant‐associated mania (AAM) in late life have not been examined.ObjectivesThe aims of the study were to identify elders with AAM and to compare selected clinical characteristics to those of manic elders who had not been treated with an antidepressant. We hypothesized that AAM patients would have later age at presentation of bipolar disorder.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed inpatients with manic disorder who were aged ≥60 years. The sample was selected from admissions prior to 1990.ResultsAAM patients (n = 11) were more often experiencing first manic episode, and they had later age at onset of first manic episode, compared to non‐AAM patients (n = 46). Most of the AAM patients had been treated with tricyclic agents.ConclusionsThese preliminary findings invite further investigation. Related studies may contribute to risk‐benefit analyses for the use of particular antidepressants in the elderly. Also, first episode mania in late life may prove to be a useful model of vulnerability to AAM. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does aspirin affect outcome in vascular dementia? A retrospective case‐notes analysis
Authors: Devine M. E. , Rands G. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBackgroundIschaemic vascular dementia shares risk factors with stroke. There is evidence that control of these risk factors may prevent or alter the course of vascular dementia.ObjectiveTo assess the effect of regular low‐dose aspirin on outcomes for patients with vascular dementia.DesignRetrospective analysis of hospital case‐notes with further outcome information from telephone calls to general practitioners, social services and institutions. Comparison of outcomes for aspirin‐treated and untreated patients.SettingOne North London NHS Trust.PatientsSeventy‐eight patients with clinician's diagnosis of ischaemic vascular dementia, discharged from acute inpatient units between 1 January 1995 and 31 December 1997; 38 on aspirin.Main outcome measuresSurvival times from dementia onset to institutionalization and death.ResultsMedian survival time to institutionalization was 28 months and to death was 52 months. There was no overall difference between aspirin and non‐aspirin groups for these outcomes. When data were stratified for social status, i.e. living alone or with carer when last at home, differences emerged for those living with carer. Aspirin was associated with a trend towards increased time to institutionalization (39 vs 22 months, p < 0.09) and a significant advantage in time to death (71 vs 27 months, p = 0.02). These effects were non‐significant after statistical adjustment for confounding variables.ConclusionsThe results support but do not prove a role for regular, low‐dose aspirin in improving both life expectancy and survival at home for patients with vascular dementia. Compliance may be better in those living with a carer. Larger, prospective studies should be performed to confirm these findings. Cognitive and behavioural outcomes should also be studied. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of Qigong on general and psychosocial health of elderly with chronic physical illnesses: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Tsang Hector W. H. , Mok C. K. , Au Yeung Y. T. , Chan Samuel Y. C. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractObjectivesBased on the model by Tsang et al. (2002) which summarized the etiological factors and consequences of depression in elderly with chronic physical illnesses, a randomized clinical trial of a special form of Qigong (The Eight Section Brocades) was conducted to assess if it improved the biopsychosocial health of participants.Design50 geriatric patients in sub‐acute stage of chronic physical illnesses were recruited and randomly assigned into the intervention and control group. The intervention group was given a 12‐week period of Qigong practice while the control group was given traditional remedial rehabilitation activities.ResultsThe intervention group participants expressed improvement in physical health, ADL, psychological health, social relationship, and health in general as reflected by scores of the Perceived Benefit Questionnaire and informal feedback.ConclusionAlthough results are not significant in the generalization measures, it may be due to small effect size, small sample size, and short intervention period. Although not all of the hypotheses are supported, this report shows that Qigong (the Eight Section Brocades) is promising as an alternative intervention for elderly with chronic physical illness to improve their biopsychosocial health. More systematic evaluation with larger sample size and longer period of intervention is now underway in Hong Kong. Results will be reported once available. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact upon extra‐pyramidal side effects, clinical symptoms and quality of life of a switch from conventional to atypical antipsychotics (risperidone or olanzapine) in elderly patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Ritchie C. W. , Chiu E. , Harrigan S. , Hall K. , Hassett A. , Macfarlane S. , Mastwyk M. , O'Connor D. W. , Opie J. , Ames D. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBackgroundAtypical antipsychotics are commonly used in the management of schizophrenia in late life with evidence suggesting they induce lower rates of motor disturbance, but have similar efficacy to conventional antipsychotics. Trials in the elderly have been either retrospective, small, of short duration or of a single‐arm design.AimsTo demonstrate the effects upon motor side‐effects, efficacy, safety and quality of life (QOL) of switching elderly patients with schizophrenia from conventional antipsychotics to olanzapine or risperidone.MethodsElderly patients with schizophrenia were randomly allocated to olanzapine or risperidone and followed through an open‐label crossover period. Between and within group intention to treat analyses were conducted.Results66 patients were randomised (mean age 69.6 [SD ± 6.2]). Four (11.8%) patients on olanzapine and 8 (26.7%) patients on risperidone failed to complete the crossover because of treatment failure [Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.73[0.73–10.2] p = 0.14]. The mean doses upon completion of switching in each arm were 9.9 mg (SD = 4.2) and 1.7 mg (SD = 1.2) for olanzapine and risperidone respectively. In both arms there was improvement in Parkinsonism, though only olanzapine was associated with a reduction in dyskinetic symptoms. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Scale for the assessment of Negative Symptoms and Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale scores all improved through the crossover period in both arms with no between group differences. Treatment with olanzapine was associated with a better response over risperidone on the psychological domain of the World Health Organisation—Quality Of Life [Brief] (WHO‐QOL‐BREF) scale ( p = 0.02). Patients in the olanzapine arm also demonstrated improvement from baseline in the WHO‐QOL‐BREF physical, psychological and health satisfaction domains, but risperidone had no effect on any Quality of Life (QOL) measure.ConclusionsAfter switching from a conventional antipsychotic, olanzapine and risperidone were associated with improvement in core symptoms of schizophrenia and motor side effects. Subjects switched to olanzapine were more likely to complete the switching process and show an improvement in psychological QOL. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A population based study on the intra and inter‐rater reliability of the clock drawing test in Brazil: the Bambuí Health and Ageing Study
Authors: Fuzikawa Cíntia , Lima‐Costa Maria Fernanda , Uchoa Elizabeth , Barreto Sandhi Maria , Shulman Ken 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBackgroundReliability should be considered when selecting a scoring system since it influences validity. CDT reliability has rarely been assessed in population based studies and in developing countries. The aim of the present study was to determine intra and inter–rater reliabilities of the CDT scored by the Shulman (2000) method, in elderly with very low formal educational level from Brazil.MethodsCDTs performed by a random sample of 202 subjects of a population‐based cohort of elderly were scored on two occasions by the same rater and by two independent raters. Reliability was measured using the kappa statistic, weighted kappa and the intraclass correlation coefficient. Data were stratified according to gender, age and schooling level.ResultsIntra and inter–rater reliabilities were excellent when CDTs were classified as ‘normal’ (scores 4 or 5) or ‘abnormal’ (scores 0 to 3) (kappa = 0.99 and 0.94, respectively) and were in the good to excellent range when scored from 0 to 5 (kappa = 0.88 and 0.74, respectively). Difficulties in distinguishing between scores 4 and 5, and a low proportion of score 1 tests were found.ConclusionsThe CDT scored by the Shulman (2000) method appears to have good to excellent reliability in an elderly population with very low formal educational level. However, difficulties in distinguishing between scores 4 and 5, and a low proportion of score 1 tests suggest these scores may not be totally adequate for this population. Further studies are necessary to determine the consistency of our results in similar populations. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asymmetry of the brain surface from deformation field analysis
Authors: Lancaster Jack L. , Kochunov Peter V. , Thompson Paul M. , Toga Arthur W. , Fox Peter T. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe detection of asymmetry of exposed brain surfaces is examined, and a new method, deformation‐based asymmetry (DBA), is introduced. DBA is based on analysis of two high‐resolution magnetic resonance brain images, each with features representative of the subject group from which they were derived. Warping of individual brain images to their group representative image using octree spatial normalization provides sets of displacement vectors that are used in estimating deformation variance. For DBA group‐representative left and right hemisphere images are compared. Representative hemisphere images are warped to each other and asymmetry analyzed using standardized d‐values calculated as the ratio of displacement vector magnitude to the estimated component of variance in the direction of the displacement vector for each surface voxel. D‐values were calculated within hemispheres by dividing subjects into two equal groups and comparing left‐to‐left and right‐to‐right. D‐values from this ipsilateral hemisphere grouping were pooled. D‐values from contralateral hemispheres were compared with the pooled ipsilateral hemisphere data. The proportion of d‐values above a fixed level was used to test for difference between the two groups. High‐resolution magnetic resonance (MR) images from 20 young, right‐handed males were studied using DBA. No significant differences were seen between sub‐grouped ipsilateral d‐values (P > 0.10). Highly significant asymmetries (P < 0.0001) were found between hemispheres, and in each lobe. Common right frontal and left occipital petalias were seen. The DBA method can theoretically be applied to any two groups of globally similar structures where analysis of dissimilarity of regional features is sought. Hum. Brain Mapping 19:79–89, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.