bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing donor selection in a cord blood bank
Authors: Solves Pilar , Perales Alfredo , Mirabet Vicente , Blasco Ignacio , Blanquer Amando , Planelles D. , Larrea Luis , Monleon Javier , Carbonell‐Uberos F. , Angeles Soler M. 
Published: January 2004

Abstract:Objectives:  The main limitation factor for the wide use of umbilical cord blood (UCB) as a source of hematopoietic progenitor for transplantation is cell dose. One of the specific areas identified by some studies for improvement of UCB collection is donor selection.Methods:  Over a 3–mth period, 391 consecutive maternal‐neonatal pairs were evaluated during the pre–partum period in the maternity ward at La Fe University Hospital (Valencia) by the Cord Blood Bank staff. Reasons for discarding umbilical cord blood donors and collected UCB units at the Cord Blood Bank in Valencia have been analysed. Obstetric factors influencing TNC content of 1300 collected UCB units have been determined, in order to establish obstetric criteria for cord blood donors selection in our geographic area.Results:  Only 32.5% of potential cord blood donors were refused. Among 1300 UCB collected, 506 (38.9%) were discarded before cryopreservation, mainly due to low cell counts. Multivariate analyses showed that the main significant factors influencing nucleated cell count were the weight of the placenta, sex of newborn and mode of collection.Conclusions:  Our study shows that maternal medical histories must be completely reviewed by medical staff before collection of the UCB. Obstetrical factors influence cell content of UCB and could be added to standard cord blood donor criteria in order to improve the bank efficiency.
Possible role of cytokine‐induced tryptophan degradation in anaemia of inflammation
Authors: Weiss Guenter , Schroecksnadel Katharina , Mattle Verena , Winkler Christiane , Konwalinka Guenther , Fuchs Dietmar 
Published: January 2004

Abstract:Anaemia of inflammation (AI) is a frequent complication in patients suffering from chronic inflammatory disorders including infections, autoimmune and malignant disease. Cytokine imbalance with a shift towards T‐helper (Th)1‐type immune response seems to be important in the pathogenesis of this type of anaemia. Interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) and tumour necrosis factor‐α may affect the growth and differentiation of erythroid progenitor cells. In macrophages, IFN‐γ strongly induces indoleamine (2,3)‐dioxygenase, an enzyme which degrades tryptophan (trp) to kynurenine (kyn). Trp availability is rate limiting for protein biosynthesis and thus cell growth, including erythropoiesis. In this study, trp and kyn concentrations and their relationship to haemoglobin concentrations and to immune activation was examined in 22 patients with AI. Patients with AI presented with lower trp concentrations than healthy controls of similar age, and a significantly higher kyn to trp ratio, suggesting enhanced trp degradation and, because of a positive correlation with neopterin, immune activation. The kyn to trp ratio was inversely correlated to haemoglobin levels. Thus, the limitation of trp availability to erythroid progenitors may be a key mechanism in cytokine‐mediated inhibition of erythropoiesis, and the therapeutic modulation of indoleamine (2,3)‐dioxygenase and trp levels may be promising targets for AI therapy.
Successful treatment for patients with von Willebrand disease undergoing urgent surgery using factor VIII/VWF concentrate (Humate‐P®)
Authors: Thompson A. R. , Gill J. C. , Ewenstein B. M. , Mueller‐Velten G. , Schwartz B. A. ,   for the Humate‐P Study Group
Published: January 2004

Summary.  von Willebrand disease (VWD) is characterized by insufficient von Willebrand factor (VWF) activity. It has been proposed that VWF:ristocetin cofactor (VWF:RCo) activity may be useful in evaluating the response to VWD treatment in patients who require replacement therapy. This prospective, open‐label, non‐randomized study evaluated the safety and efficacy of a factor VIII (FVIII)/VWF concentrate (Humate‐P®) used in treatment regimens based on VWF:RCo activity in subjects with VWD in situations requiring urgent and necessary surgery. This article summarizes the results for 39 subjects with 42 evaluable surgical treatment events, 100% of which were rated as excellent/good for overall efficacy (achievement of haemostasis). The median loading dose based upon VWF:RCo activity was 82.3 international units/kilogram (IU kg−1; range 32.5–216.8 IU kg−1), and the median maintenance dose per infusion was 52.8 IU kg−1 (range 24.2–196.5 IU kg−1) for a median of 3 days (range 1–50 days). The median number of infusions per event was 6 (range 1–67 infusions). Three unanticipated adverse events (peripheral oedema, extremity pain and pseudo‐thrombocytopenia) from two surgical treatment events were reported that were potentially treatment‐related. No serious drug‐related adverse events (AEs) were observed, and no thrombotic events were reported in this study. This study supports the safety and efficacy of the FVIII/VWF concentrate Humate‐P® for the prevention of surgical haemorrhage in patients with VWD when administered in doses calculated in VWF:RCo units.
West Nile Virus inactivation by the solvent/detergent steps of the second and third generation manufacturing processes for B‐domain deleted recombinant factor VIII
Authors: Jakubik J. J. , Vicik S. M. , Tannatt M. M. , Kelley B. D. 
Published: January 2004

Summary.West Nile Virus (WNV) was immediately and completely inactivated to below assay detection limits upon addition of solvent/detergent (S/D) to intermediate process pools of second and third generation B‐domain deleted recombinant Factor VIII (BDDrFVIII; ReFacto, Wyeth, Cambridge, MA, USA). We verify that the S/D step provides robust enveloped virus inactivation (>5 log10) and functions as a WNV barrier.
Ecological, morphological and phylogenetic correlates of interspecific variation in plasma carotenoid concentration in birds
Authors: Tella J. L. , Figuerola J. , Negro J. J. , Blanco G. , Rodríguez-Estrella R. , Forero M. G. , Blázquez M. C. , Green A. J. , Hiraldo F. 
Published: January 2004

Abstract
Carotenoids are important as pigments for bright coloration of animals, and as physiologically active compounds with a wide array of health-related benefits. However, the causes of variation in carotenoid acquisition and physiology among species are poorly known. We measured the concentration of carotenoids in the blood of 80 wild bird species differing in diet, body size and the extent of carotenoid-based traits. Preliminary analyses showed that diet significantly explains interspecific variability in plasma carotenoids. However, dietary influences were apparently overridden by phylogenetic relationships among species, which explained most (65%) of this variability. This phylogenetic effect could be due partly to its covariation with diet, but may also be caused by interspecific differences in carotenoid absorption from food to the blood stream, mediated, for example by endothelial carriers or gut parasites. Carotenoid concentrations also decreased with body size (which may be explained by the allometric relationship between ingestion rate and body mass), and correlated positively with the extent of carotenoid-dependent coloration of plumage and bare parts. Therefore, the acquisition of carotenoids from the diet and their use for both health and display functions seem to be constrained by ecological and physiological aspects linked to the phylogeny and size of the species.
Estimation of relative fitnesses from relative risk data and the predicted future of haemoglobin alleles S and C
Authors: Hedrick P. 
Published: January 2004

Abstract
Epidemiological studies of genetic differences in disease susceptibility often estimate the relative risks (RR) of different genotypes. Here I provide an approach to calculate the relative fitnesses of different genotypes based on RR data so that population genetic approaches may be utilized with these data. Using recent RR data on human haemoglobin β genotypes from Burkina Faso, this approach is used to predict changes in the frequency of the haemoglobin sickle-cell S and C alleles. Overall, it generally appears that allele C will quickly replace the S allele in malarial environments. Explicit population genetic predictions suggest that this replacement may occur within the next 50 generations in Burkina Faso.
Genetic and morphological differentiation in Tephritis bardanae (Diptera: Tephritidae): evidence for host-race formation
Authors: Diegisser T. , Johannesen J. , Lehr C. , Seitz A. 
Published: January 2004

Abstract
The fruit fly Tephritis bardanae infests flower heads of two burdock hosts, Arctium tomentosum and A. minus. Observations suggest host-associated mating and behavioural differences at oviposition indicating host-race status. Previously, flies from each host plant were found to differ slightly in allozyme allele frequencies, but these differences could as well be explained by geographical separation of host plants. In the present study, we explicitly test whether genetic and morphological variance among T. bardanae are explained best by host-plant association or by geographical location, and if this pattern is stable over a 10-year period. Populations of A. tomentosum flies differed significantly from those of A. minus flies in (i) allozyme allele frequencies at the loci Pep-A and Pgd, (ii) mtDNA haplotype frequencies and (iii) wing size. In contrast, geographical location had no significant influence on the variance estimates. While it remains uncertain whether morphometric differentiation reflects genotypic variability or phenotypic plasticity, allozyme and mtDNA differentiation is genetically determined. This provides strong evidence for host-race formation in T. bardanae. However, the levels of differentiation are relatively low indicating that the system is in an early stage of divergence. This might be due to a lack of time (i.e. the host shift occurred recently) or due to relatively high gene flow preventing much differentiation at loci not experiencing selection.
The utility of AFLPs for supporting mitochondrial DNA phylogeographical analyses in the Taiwanese bamboo viper, Trimeresurus stejnegeri
Authors: Creer S. , Thorpe R. S. , Malhotra A. , Chou W.-H. , Stenson A. G. 
Published: January 2004

Abstract
An amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) assay was performed on individuals representing discrete haplotypes from two genetically distinct mtDNA lineages of the bamboo viper, Trimeresurus stejnegeri (Schmidt), within Taiwan. AFLP (525 polymorphic markers from five primer pairs) and mtDNA genetic distances were highly correlated and an analysis of molecular variance, and a Bayesian approach similarly partitioned estimates of genetic similarity according to the mtDNA phylogeographical pattern. These results are discussed in relation to biogeographical hypotheses, comparative rates of mtDNA molecular evolution, and in the identification of evolutionary significant units of Taiwanese T. stejnegeri. In spite of the high degree of congruence between the genetic datasets, the AFLP phylogenetic analysis did not support the mtDNA tree, suggesting that no contemporary barriers to gene flow exist between individuals from the two mtDNA lineages.
The burgeoning field of statistical phylogeography
Authors: Knowles L. L. 
Published: January 2004

Abstract
In the newly emerging field of statistical phylogeography, consideration of the stochastic nature of genetic processes and explicit reference to theoretical expectations under various models has dramatically transformed how historical processes are studied. Rather than being restricted to ad hoc explanations for observed patterns of genetic variation, assessments about the underlying evolutionary processes are now based on statistical tests of various hypotheses, as well as estimates of the parameters specified by the models. A wide range of demographical and biogeographical processes can be accommodated by these new analytical approaches, providing biologically more realistic models. Because of these advances, statistical phylogeography can provide unprecedented insights about a species’ history, including decisive information about the factors that shape patterns of genetic variation, species distributions, and speciation. However, to improve our understanding of such processes, a critical examination and appreciation of the inherent difficulties of historical inference and challenges specific to testing phylogeographical hypotheses are essential. As the field of statistical phylogeography continues to take shape many difficulties have been resolved. Nonetheless, careful attention to the complexities of testing historical hypotheses and further theoretical developments are essential to improving the accuracy of our conclusions about a species’ history.
On the origin of termite workers: weighing up the phylogenetic evidence
Authors: Thompson G. J. , Kitade O. , Lo N. , Crozier R. H. 
Published: January 2004

Abstract
Resolving the phylogenetic history of a ‘true’ worker caste in termites is essential to our understanding of termite eusocial evolution. Whether this caste is ancient and monophyletic or derived and polyphyletic will have a tremendous impact on our interpretation of termite eusocial history and remains an outstanding question in termite biology. Recent work has begun to re-examine this question in light of new phylogenetic information, but new questions have now arisen about how best to model character state changes in termite caste systems. In the present paper, we compare the models of Grandcolas and D'Haese [J. Evol. Biol. 15 (2002) 885] and Thompson et al. [J. Evol. Biol. 13 (2000) 869] and attempt to make explicit how these proposals differ with respect to the number of, and homology between, character states. We highlight the support each model has for the two principal, but competing, evolutionary hypotheses outlined above.
Premating barriers to gene exchange and their implications for the structure of a mosaic hybrid zone between Chorthippus brunneus and C. jacobsi (Orthoptera: Acrididae)
Authors: Bailey R. I. , Thomas C. D. , Butlin R. K. 
Published: January 2004

Abstract
Many hybrid zones contain a deficit of hybrid genotypes relative to expectations from tension zone models. This is often associated with separation of parental genotypes into distinct habitats (mosaicism), but sometimes parentals can be found co-occuring in the same local population (bimodality). In both cases, prezygotic isolation may play an important role in determining the genotypic composition of the zone. Chorthippus brunneus and C. jacobsi (Orthoptera: Acrididae) meet and form a complex hybrid zone in northern Spain. Analysis of stridulatory peg numbers reveals partial spatial and seasonal isolation in a 25 km2 area of the zone: C. jacobsi phenotypes predominate in June and July and are present in both valley and mountain habitats; C. brunneus phenotypes predominate in August and are restricted to valley habitats, always in sympatry with C. jacobsi. Strong assortative mating was observed in laboratory mating experiments. Spatial, seasonal and behavioural isolation combine to produce strong premating isolation in the study area. These results suggest a role for premating isolation in maintaining both the mosaic structure and bimodality of this hybrid zone.
Cranial evolution in sakis (Pithecia, Platyrrhini) II: evolutionary processes and morphological integration
Authors: Marroig G. , de Vivo M. , Cheverud J. M. 
Published: January 2004

Abstract
Patterns of interspecific differentiation in saki monkeys (Pithecia) are quantitatively described and possible evolutionary processes producing them are examined. The comparison of species correlation matrices to expected patterns of morphological integration reveal significant and similar patterns of development-based cranial integration among species. Aspects of the facial region are more heavily influenced by general size variation than features of the neural region. The comparison of pooled within- and between-groups V/CV matrices suggests that genetic drift might be a sufficient explanation for saki cranial evolution. Differential natural selection gradients are also reconstructed because selection may also have caused population differentiation through evolutionary time. These gradients illustrate the inherent multivariate nature of selection, being a consequence of the interaction between existing morphological integration (correlation) among traits and the action of natural selection. Yet, our attempt to interpret selection gradients in terms of their functional significance did not result in any clear association between selection and function. Perhaps this is also an indication that morphological evolution in sakis was mostly neutral.
Genetic variation in infestation with a directly transmitted ectoparasite
Authors: Møller A. P. , Martinelli R. , Saino N. 
Published: January 2004

Abstract
Genetic variation in levels of parasitism of hosts is an underlying assumption of studies of coevolution, but few such estimates are available from the field. We studied genetic variation in the abundance of the chewing louse Hirundoecus malleus on its barn swallow host Hirundo rustica. These parasites are directly transmitted and a test of genetic variation of parasite abundance would thus provide a particularly strong test. The prevalence and the abundance of the chewing lice did not differ significantly between adult male and female hosts. The resemblance in parasite intensity of H. malleus of offspring and their parents was positive and highly significant, and an analysis of extra-pair paternity in the host allowed partitioning of this resemblance between genetic and common environment effects. There was no significant resemblance in parasite intensity between extra-pair offspring and their foster parents, although the resemblance remained for within-pair offspring. This provides evidence for the abundance of directly transmitted parasites having an additive genetic component. We found no evidence of common environment effects as parents did not resemble each other with respect to lice abundance.
Molecular evolution of plant haemoglobin: two haemoglobin genes in nymphaeaceae Euryale ferox
Authors: Guldner E , Desmarais E , Galtier N , Godelle B 
Published: January 2004

Abstract
We isolated and sequenced two haemoglobin genes from the early-branching angiosperm Euryale ferox (Nymphaeaceae). The two genes belong to the two known classes of plant haemoglobin. Their existence in Nymphaeaceae supports the theory that class 1 haemoglobin was ancestrally present in all angiosperms, and is evidence for class 2 haemoglobin being widely distributed. These sequences allowed us to unambiguously root the angiosperm haemoglobin phylogeny, and to corroborate the hypothesis that the class 1/class 2 duplication event occurred before the divergence between monocots and eudicots. We addressed the molecular evolution of plant haemoglobin by comparing the synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution rates in various groups of genes. Class 2 haemoglobin genes of legumes (functionally involved in a symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria) show a higher nonsynonymous substitution rate than class 1 (nonsymbiotic) haemoglobin genes. This suggests that a change in the selective forces applying to plant haemoglobins has occurred during the evolutionary history of this gene family, potentially in relation with the evolution of symbiosis.
The Gravitational Radius of an Irradiated Disk
Authors: Liffman Kurt 
Published: December 2003

AbstractWe derive an updated, analytic formula for the gravitational radius, rg, of an irradiated, thin disk. For such a disk, the region outside the gravitational radius will produce a thermal wind, while the region interior to the gravitational radius will be stable. We find that rg ≈ 1.4 (M*/M⊙)/(T0/104K) AU. The value of 1.4 AU is approximately one fifth of currently used values.The analysis uses the adiabatic approximation. We argue that the same formula applies for the non-adiabatic, isothermal case.
Understanding AGB Carbon Star Nucleosynthesis from Observations
Authors: Abia C. , Domínguez I. , Gallino R. , Busso M. , Straniero O. , de Laverny P. , Wallerstein G. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractRecent advances in the knowledge of the evolutionary status of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars and of the nucleosynthesis processes occurring in them are discussed, and used to interpret abundance determinations for s-process elements, lithium and CNO isotopes in several types of AGB stars. We focus our attention mainly on carbon-rich AGB stars. By combining these different constraints we conclude that most carbon stars in the solar neighborhood are of low mass (M≤3 M⊙), their abundances being a consequence of the operation of thermal pulses and the third dredge-up. However, the observed abundances in carbon stars of the R and J types cannot be explained by this standard scenario. These stars may not be on the AGB, but possibly in the core-He burning phases; their envelopes may have been polluted with nuclear ashes of the core-He flash, followed by CNO re-processing enhancing 13C. Observational evidence suggesting the operation of non-standard mixing mechanisms during the AGB phase is also discussed.
Nucleosynthesis in Binary Populations
Authors: Izzard Robert G. , Tout Christopher A. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractWe investigate the effect of duplicity on stellar yields of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. Populations of single and binary stars are modelled and the yields calculated for the whole population. The effects of explosive nucleosynthesis in novae and supernovae are included but by artificially removing these effects from our populations we determine the influence of a binary companion on asymptotic giant branch yields of the CNO elements.
Constraining Models of Classical Nova Outbursts with the Murchison Meteorite
Authors: José Jordi , Hernanz Margarita , Amari Sachiko , Zinner Ernst 
Published: December 2003

AbstractInfrared observations of nova light curves reveal that classical novae form grains in the expanding shells, ejected into the interstellar medium as a consequence of a violent outburst. Such grains contain nucleo-synthetic fingerprints of the nova explosion. In this paper, we analyse different isotopic signatures expected to be present in nova grains on the basis of detailed hydrodynamic calculations of CO and ONe novae and compare them with recent determinations of presolar nova grains from the Acfer 094 and Murchison meteorites.
The Nucleosynthesis of the Light Elements C to Al by Core Collapse Supernovae
Authors: Chieffi Alessandro , Limongi Marco 
Published: December 2003

AbstractWe discuss the production sites of the nuclei from C to Al in solar metallicity stars in the range 13–35 M⊙. We will show how, contrary to current beliefs, the advanced burning phases and the passage of the blast wave play a pivotal role in determining the final yields of quite a few ‘light’ nuclei. We will also show how the relative contributions of the hydrostatic and explosive burning depend on the initial mass of the star: the smaller the mass the larger the importance of the explosive burning.
Presolar Graphite: Noble Gases and their Origins
Authors: Amari Sachiko 
Published: December 2003

AbstractPresolar graphite contains a 22Ne-rich component called Ne-E(L). Noble gas studies on graphite aggregates and single grains have shown that although a dominant source of the 22Ne is 22Na, 22Ne in the He-shell of asymptotic giant branch stars have also contributed to the Ne-E(L). In addition to novae that have been considered to be a possible source of 22Na, supernovae are a likely source as well. Krypton isotopic ratios of the separates indicate that part of graphite formed in low-mass (≤3 M⊙) asymptotic giant branch stars of low metallicity (Z ≤ 0.006).