bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Familial lateral semicircular canal malformation with external and middle ear abnormalities
Authors: Matsunaga Tatsuo , Hirota Eiko 
Published: January 2003

AbstractWe report a family with inner ear lateral semicircular canal (LSC) malformation and external and middle ear abnormalities. The family had no history of known syndromes or toxic exposures. Distinct phenotypic manifestations were found in three family members. A young girl exhibited bilateral LSC malformation with a right‐sided preauricular tag, a mildly deformed auricle, a stenotic external auditory canal, and a constricted middle ear cavity. She had moderate conductive hearing loss in the right ear but normal hearing in the left ear. Her younger brother exhibited right‐sided LSC malformation, microtia, external auditory canal atresia, a malformed middle ear cavity, and abnormal auditory ossicles. He had severe mixed hearing loss in his right ear. Their mother exhibited left‐sided LSC malformation without external and middle ear abnormalities, and the hearing was normal in her left ear. None of the three cases had vestibular symptoms, and their results of balance tests were appropriate for the corresponding ages. In contrast, significantly decreased LSC function was revealed by caloric tests in an ear with LSC malformation. Previously, LSC malformation may have been underdiagnosed in patients presenting with external and middle ear abnormalities and their relatives, since this malformation is frequently associated with normal hearing and balance or conductive hearing loss only. To our knowledge, this condition has not been described previously. This condition supports a genetic basis for the combination of LSC malformation and external and middle ear abnormalities and may represent an autosomal dominant condition with variable expressivity. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dynamic ecosystem models and the evaluation of ecosystem effects of fishing: can we make meaningful predictions?
Authors: Robinson L.A. , Frid C.L.J. 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
Fishing is one of the most widespread anthropogenic impacts on marine ecosystems. In recent times, the development of measurable metrics of the resultant ecosystem effects, has become an important aspect of fisheries management. Ecosystem models are often advocated as tools for the evaluation of system effects, but the extent to which models are able to make meaningful predictions, has not yet been fully addressed.
In order to assess the suitability of models, to evaluate ecosystem effects of fisheries, the direct and indirect effects were catalogued.
From the literature, 33 applications of marine ecosystem models were identified for analysis of their ability to fully assess these catalogued effects. Analysis was possible for only 24 of the models due to poor documentation of the other 9.
Each model was examined for their inclusion of nine functional groups, deemed essential for the assessment of impacts of fishing on the whole ecosystem (e.g. detritus, marine mammals). The models were also assessed for their inclusion of several additional factors, either fundamental in the regulation of marine ecosystems (e.g. environmental forcing), or important in the classification of their role as a predictor of changes in ecological processes (e.g. simulation, spatial properties).
No model formulation provided coverage in all the areas necessary to cover the identified effects of fisheries. Eight models provided good coverage, nutrient dynamics and benthos were the least well represented aspects of the ecosystem.
The ECOPATH with Ecosim family of models, the European Regional Seas Ecosystem Model (ERSEM) and the Anderson & Ursin multispecies extension to the Beverton & Holt model all seem likely to yield good insights.
In further developing these models, however, consideration must be given to explicitly incorporate spatial factors and extrinsic forcing functions, such as climate.
Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of seasonal variation in salinity on a population ofEnochrus bicolor Fabricius 1792 (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)and implications for other beetles of conservation interest
Authors: Greenwood M.T. , Wood P.J. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractA population ofEnochrus bicolor(Fabricius) was monitored over a 4‐year period (March 1997–March 2001) from a coastal brackish pool in S.E. Essex. This water beetle, together withOchthebius marinus(Payk.), O. viridisPeyrhiff,O. punctatusSteph.,Hygrotus parallelogrammus(Ahrens),Berosus affinisBrulle,Agabus conspersus, (Marsham),Rhantus frontalis(Marsham),R. suturalis(MacLeay),Paracymus aeneus(Germar), andHaliplus apicalisThompson, are all taxa of conservation interest.Enochrus bicolorwas present in most months, with greatest adult abundances being recorded in August and September each year.During the study period salinity values ranged from 4.7 ppt (parts per thousand) to 62.6 ppt.Correlation analysis and the development of regression models indicated that the highest abundances ofE. bicolorcoincided with maximum water temperature in the late summer–early autumn. However, when the natural seasonal signal was removed by standardizing the series, a relatively weak association with the relative abundance ofE. bicolorand conductivity was observed.The conservation ofE. bicolorand other organisms associated with brackish water habitats subject to irregular marine inundation is considered.Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Landscape‐level constraints on recruitment of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Columbia River basin, USA
Authors: Regetz James 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
The decline of salmonid populations in the Pacific Northwest has been well‐documented. It is unclear, however, which threats to salmonid persistence are the most serious, and how best to prioritize recovery efforts intended to ameliorate these threats.
It has been argued previously that one possible cause of salmon endangerment is degradation of spawning grounds. In order to explore this hypothesis, this study examines the relationships between chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) productivity and landscape‐level characteristics of spawning grounds in the interior Columbia River Basin.
Population productivity is expressed as the mean and maximum recruitment rates for different stocks, measured from 1980 to 1990; habitat conditions are calculated using sub‐watershed scale data on land cover, land use, water quality and watershed hydrology.
Significant linear regression results were obtained for three environmental variables: percentage of land classified as urban, proportion of stream length failing to meet water quality standards, and an index of the ability of streams to recover from sediment flow events. A multiple regression with all three variables accounts for over 60% of the variation in mean salmon recruitment.
It further appears that these landscape attributes may limit the maximum recruitment rates of salmon, with a magnitude of difference in productivity large enough to be relevant to recovery planners. Additional study will be necessary to identify cause‐and‐effect linkages between habitat quality and salmon recruitment success, and to determine the ultimate impact of changes in recruitment rates on short‐ and long‐term salmon population trajectories.
Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geophysical approaches to the classification, delineation and monitoring of marine habitats and their communities
Authors: Roff John C. , Taylor Mark E. , Laughren Josh 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
If marine environments are to be systematically protected from the adverse effects of human activities, then identification of the types of marine habitats and the communities they contain, and delineation of their boundaries utilizing a consistent classification is required. Human impacts on defined communities can then be assessed, the ‘health’ of these communities can be monitored, and marine protected areas can be designated as appropriate.
Schemes to classify habitats at local and regional scales, according to their geophysical properties, may identify different factors as determinants, and/or use them in different sequences in a hierarchical classification. We examined the reasons for these differences in local and regional applications of a global concept, and argue that a common set of factors could be applied in a defined and defensible sequence to produce a common hierarchy of habitat types among geographic regions.
We show how simple mapping and GIS techniques, based on readily available data, can lead to the identification of representative habitat types over broad geographic regions. We applied a geophysical framework first to the entire Canadian coastline and second to the Scotian Shelf of Atlantic Canada to establish broad scale marine natural regions and ‘seascapes’, respectively. This ecosystem level approach — which defines representative habitat types — is a fundamental prerequisite for many purposes. It can form the basis for further analyses including: definition of community types from habitat — community relationships; evaluation of the potential roles of focal species in marine conservation; evaluation of candidate marine protected areas; definition of unaffected reference areas against which the effects of human activities can be gauged; guidance for water quality monitoring studies; management of marine resources.
Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Yangtze River dolphin or baiji (Lipotes vexillifer): population status and conservation issues in the Yangtze River, China
Authors: ZHANG X. , WANG D. , LIU R. , WEI Z. , HUA Y. , WANG Y. , CHEN Z. , WANG L. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractBaiji were sighted 17 times during three recent simultaneous multi‐vessel surveys in the Yangtze River, China (November 4–10, 1997; December 4–9, 1998; October 31–November 5, 1999). There were 11 sightings in 1997 (consisting of 17 animals), five in 1998 (seven animals), and two in 1999 (four animals). It was concluded that 13 individuals could be considered as a minimum number of the baiji currently in the Yangtze River.An annual rate of population decrease was roughly estimated as 10%. From the body sizes observed, the proportions of old, adult and immature individuals were approximately estimated at 57, 26, and 17% respectively.Baiji showed a significant attraction to confluences and sand bars with large eddies. The present distribution range of the baiji is less than 1400 km in length in the Yangtze main river. Distances between the two nearest groups of baiji appear to be increasing.Two typical sightings are described, in which surfacing and movements of baiji were recorded. Baiji were often found swimming together with finless porpoise. In the surveys they occurred in the same group in 63% of occurrences. Interactions between baiji and finless porpoise are described and discussed.Human activities are the main threats to the baiji. Illegal electrical fishing accounted for 40% of known mortalities during the 1990s. Engineering explosions for maintaining navigation channels have become another main cause of baiji deaths. The last hope of saving the species may be to translocate the remaining baiji into a semi‐captive reserve, known as the ‘Baiji Semi‐natural Reserve’.Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Range and diet of Eurasian otters Lutra lutra (L.) in the catchment of the River Lee (south‐east England) since re‐introduction
Authors: Copp Gordon H. , Roche Kevin 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
After re‐introduction in 1991 of Eurasian otters Lutra lutra (L.) to the River Lee catchment (England), changes in range were assessed from spraint collections in the periods 1991–1994, 1995–1997 and 1998–2000. Diet, assessed from concerted spraint sampling within the first two periods, was compared between 1992–1994 and 1996–1997, with dietary preferences assessed for the initial phase using available fish stock data for that period.
In 1991–1994, range encompassed much of the catchment, but reduced in 1995–1997 to a small area around the initial release site, when the otters were joined/replaced by natural immigrants presumed to come from a contiguous catchment. Range expanded in 1998–2000 to upper reaches of the catchment's major tributaries.
Fish, mainly cyprinids, were the major prey taken in 1992–1994 and 1996–1997. In 1996–1997, fish abundant near the initial release site became more prominent, in particular chub Leuciscus cephalus, and (upstream) species characteristic of the initial range decreased in importance.
Despite confirmed and unconfirmed sightings of females with cubs, it remains unclear whether the presence and apparent expansion of otters in the Lee catchment is the result of the re‐introduction or of natural immigration/recolonization.
Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hip fracture patients are not treated for osteoporosis: A call to action
Authors: Harrington J. Timothy , Broy Susan B. , Derosa Angela M. , Licata Angelo A. , Shewmon David A. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether hip fracture patients, a group at very high risk for additional fragility fractures, are being evaluated and treated effectively for osteoporosis.MethodsClinical and bone densitometry (dual x‐ray absorptiometry [DXA]) records were reviewed in hip fracture patients at 4 Midwestern US health systems to determine the frequency of DXA use, calcium and vitamin D supplementation, and antiresorptive drug treatment.ResultsDXA was performed at the 4 study sites in only 12%, 12%, 13%, and 24% of patients, respectively. Calcium and vitamin D supplements were prescribed in 27%, 1%, 3%, and 25% of the patients at the 4 study sites. Antiresorptive drugs were prescribed in 26%, 12%, 7%, and 37% of the patients with only 2–10% receiving a bisphosphonate.ConclusionReducing osteoporotic fractures will require more effective approaches to managing hip fracture patients and other high‐risk populations.
Trajectory of assistive device usage and user and non‐user characteristics: Long‐handled bath sponge
Authors: Rogers Joan C. , Holm Margo B. , Perkins Lynette 
Published: January 2003

AbstractObjectivesTo examine use of an assistive device, a long‐handled bath sponge (LHBS) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis to describe use from the time of in‐hospital prescription to the 2‐ and 12‐month followups, and to describe the characteristics of those who became device users and non‐users.MethodsPatients (n = 102) who were prescribed a LHBS during hospitalization were followed prospectively. The clinical and psychosocial assessment included disease, physical and psychosocial factors, and disability.ResultsThe overall usage rate for the LHBS was 86%. When compared with users, non‐users had fewer arthritic joints, perceived greater control over their disability and pain, and had less favorable perceptions of the LHBS. Characteristics that did not differentiate non‐users from users were sociodemographic variables, disease duration, movement capability, level of disability and pain, and general perceptions of assistive devices.ConclusionThe results support the early identification of patients who are likely to become non‐users so that acceptable alternative interventions can be planned.
Measuring exercise‐induced mood changes in fibromyalgia: A comparison of several measures
Authors: Gowans S. E. , deHueck A. , Abbey S. E. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo compare scales measuring exercise‐induced changes in mood.MethodsMood changes in a randomized, 23‐week controlled trial of exercise were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D), State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, and the Mental Health Inventory (MHI). Effect sizes and t‐tests were computed on 23‐week change scores. Scales were deemed to be confounded if items addressed sleep disturbances, fatigue, or effort (symptoms of both mood disturbances and fibromyalgia).ResultsEfficacy (15 exercise subjects) and intent‐to‐treat analyses (27 exercise subjects) generated medium effects for BDI (total, cognitive), MHI depression (efficacy only), and CES‐D (intent‐to‐treat only) scales. BDI (total, cognitive), MHI (depression, positive affect, total [MHI‐5]), and STAI scales distinguished exercise from control subjects at 23 weeks in all analyses. BDI somatic and CES‐D scales were deemed to be confounded.ConclusionWe recommend the BDI cognitive, STAI, and MHI‐5 scales to measure depression, anxiety, and general mood, respectively, in patients with fibromyalgia.
Barriers to treatment adherence among African American and white women with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Mosley‐Williams Angelia , Lumley Mark A. , Gillis Mazy , Leisen James , Guice Deena 
Published: January 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether African Americans with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have poorer treatment adherence than whites, and to determine ethnic group differences in barriers to adherence, and how barriers affect adherence.MethodsWe compared 68 African American and 54 white women with SLE on 19 potential barriers, on 2 adherence behaviors during the past year, and on how the potential barriers relate to each nonadherence behavior.ResultsAfrican Americans and whites were similar on most barriers, although African Americans were more likely to rely on religion and were more concerned about long‐term medication effects. The 2 ethnic groups were comparable on medication nonadherence, but whites tended to have poorer clinic appointment adherence than African Americans. Finally, we found that barriers related to negative affect (depression, medication concerns, physical symptoms) as well as short‐term memory problems and the need for child or elder care were associated with nonadherence among African Americans, whereas perceived treatment inefficacy and lacking trust in physicians were associated with nonadherence among whites.ConclusionRelationships between adherence barriers and nonadherence may be ethnicity specific, suggesting that interventions to address barriers should be targeted to specific groups.
Magnitude and characteristics of arthritis and other rheumatic conditions on ambulatory medical care visits, United States, 1997
Authors: Hootman Jennifer M. , Helmick Charles G. , Schappert Susan M. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo describe ambulatory medical care utilization, defined to exclude injury‐related visits, for persons with arthritis and other rheumatic conditions.MethodsNational estimates, rates, and other characteristics of ambulatory care visits were calculated from a national sample of patient visits to physician offices and acute care hospital outpatient and emergency departments.ResultsAn estimated 36.5 million ambulatory care visits were related to arthritis and other rheumatic conditions. Visit rates increased with age and, overall, were twice as high among women as men. Rates of visits by race varied by ambulatory care setting. Soft tissue disorders (9.3 million), osteoarthritis (7.1 million), nonspecific joint pain/effusion (7.0 million), and rheumatoid arthritis (3.9 million) were the most common diagnoses.ConclusionsArthritis and other rheumatic conditions account for about as many ambulatory care visits as cardiovascular disease or essential hypertension. These visits serve as excellent opportunities to counsel patients regarding prevention messages for arthritis.
Renal underexcretion of uric acid is present in patients with apparent high urinary uric acid output
Authors: Perez‐Ruiz F. , Calabozo M. , Erauskin G. García , Ruibal A. , Herrero‐Beites A. M. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo compare renal handling of uric acid in patients with primary gout with that of a control group.MethodsA case–control study of 100 patients with primary gout and 72 healthy controls was undertaken. Creatinine clearance, uric acid clearance, 24‐hour uric acid urinary excretion, fractional excretion of uric acid, excretion of uric acid per volume of glomerular filtration, urinary uric acid to creatinine ratio, and glomerular uric acid filtered load were calculated using 24‐hour urine samples. After treatment with allopurinol to achieve similar glomerular filtered load of uric acid, patients were again compared with controls.ResultsPatients with gout showed lower uric acid clearance, fractional excretion of uric acid, excretion of uric acid per volume of glomerular filtration, and urinary uric acid to creatinine ratio than controls at baseline, when patients showed hyperuricemia. Although the glomerular uric acid filtered load was much higher in patients with gout than controls, 24‐hour uric acid excretion was not statistically different. After treatment with allopurinol, and achieving similar uric acid filtered loads, patients still showed lower figures than controls. When patients with 24‐hour urinary uric acids levels >700 mg/day were compared with controls, they had lower uric acid clearance and fractional excretion of uric acid than controls, both at baseline and after achieving similar filtered loads with allopurinol therapy.ConclusionsRenal underexcretion is the main mechanism for the development of primary hyperuricemia in gout, but even patients showing apparent high 24‐hour uric acid output show lower uric acid clearance than controls, indicating that relative, low‐grade underexcretion of uric acid is at work.
Cost effectiveness of adding leflunomide to a 5‐year strategy of conventional disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Maetzel Andreas , Strand Vibeke , Tugwell Peter , Wells George , Bombardier Claire 
Published: January 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate, from a public payer's perspective, the 5‐year cost effectiveness of adding leflunomide (LEF) to a sequence of disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) representative of a typical rheumatoid arthritis (RA) management approach adopted by Canadian rheumatologists.MethodsA DMARD sequence including LEF was compared with one excluding it, using a 5‐year simulation model where patients with RA cycle through different treatment regimens. Data were obtained through a systematic literature search (drug withdrawal rates, number and type of adverse events, American College of Rheumatology 20% responder status) and separately conducted surveys (choice of DMARD sequence, management of adverse events). Costs for adverse event management were calculated using the Ontario Schedule of Benefits, and monitoring costs were calculated according to official Canadian product monograph recommendations. Wholesale prices of all drugs were adjusted by the allowable markup and prescription fees. Utilities (as measured by the standard gamble [SG] and rating scale [RS] techniques) were obtained from 482 patients who participated in a 1‐year randomized controlled trial that compared LEF, methotrexate, and placebo. Costs and utilities were discounted by 3%. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis was performed.ResultsAdding LEF to a conventional strategy of DMARDs increased the 5‐year management costs by $1,231 compared with the strategy without LEF, which results in a cost‐effectiveness ratio of $13,096 per additional year of response to treatment, and cost‐utility ratios of $54,229 (RS) and $71,988 (SG) per quality‐adjusted life‐year gained.ConclusionAdding LEF as a new option to a conventional sequence of DMARDs extends the time patients may benefit from DMARD therapy at a reasonable cost effectiveness and cost utility. LEF data are limited to clinical trials; data from observational studies would be needed to corroborate these findings.