bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of craniofacial development in children with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia
Authors: Johnson Euphemia LaRee , Roberts Michael W. , Guckes Albert D. , Bailey L'Tanya J. , Phillips Ceib L. , Wright J. Timothy 
Published: October 2002

AbstractEctodermal dysplasias (ED) are a heterogeneous group of inheritable disorders characterized by abnormal development of embryologic ectoderm derivatives. The purposes of this study were to: 1) create baseline cephalometric norms for male children with ED; 2) assess craniofacial growth and development in hypohidrotic ED male children with severe hypodontia, compared with non‐ED children with class I dental relationships; 3) compare the craniofacial morphology of titanium dental implant‐treated ED males with non‐implant‐treated ED males; and 4) correlate the severity of hypodontia to craniofacial dysmorphology. Cephalometric radiographs of class I individuals and implant‐treated and nontreated ED groups were used to evaluate craniofacial morphology. Traditional cephalometric landmarks and measurements were used to compare groups using the generalized estimate equation analysis. Age, gender, and the number of permanent maxillary teeth present had a significant (P = .01) explanatory relationship with the craniofacial measures when comparing untreated ED children to norms. Mean craniofacial differences between ED and non‐ED children still existed when the explanatory effects of these variables were controlled, indicating dysmorphology in several craniofacial structures (e.g., cranial base, mandibular length). The number of missing maxillary permanent teeth was significantly related with craniofacial dysmorphology in the ED population. Craniofacial morphology did not differ significantly between implant‐treated and nontreated ED children, suggesting that treatment with intraosseous dental implants, as applied in this population, did not rescue normal craniofacial growth and development. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association of hypoxia‐inducible factors 1α and 2α with activated angiogenic pathways and prognosis in patients with endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Sivridis Efthimios , Giatromanolaki Alexandra , Gatter Kevin C. , Harris Adrian L. , Koukourakis Michael I. ,   for the Tumor and Angiogenesis Research Group
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDHypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α) and HIF‐2α are essential regulatory proteins for the adaptation of tumor cells to hypoxia, and they stimulate angiogenesis through activation of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene.METHODSHIF‐1α and HIF‐2α proteins were studied immunohistochemically in a group of 81 patients with Stage I endometrial adenocarcinoma of the endometrioid cell type. The results were correlated with intratumoral angiogenesis, the expression of the angiogenic factors VEGF and thymidine phosphorylase (TP), and the VEGF/receptor (VEGF/KDR) complex. Relations also were sought with estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR), with the apoptosis‐related proteins bcl‐2 and p53, with several histopathologic parameters, and with patient prognosis. In addition, a sample of 25 normal endometria at various phases of the menstrual cycle was studied for the presence of HIF‐1α and HIF‐2α.RESULTSHIF‐1α expression was detected in 49% of endometrial carcinomas. The expression was cytoplasmic or mixed nuclear/cytoplasmic. HIF‐1α expression was associated with up‐regulation of the VEGF pathway and with increased standard microvessel density (sMVD) and activated VEGF/KDR microvessel density (aMVD). It also was associated with a poor prognosis in both univariate and multivariate analyses. HIF‐2α protein showed a pattern of expression similar to the pattern seen in HIF‐1α, but expression of HIF‐2α protein occurred in only 17% of endometrial carcinomas, and it was associated with increased TP reactivity. There also was a relation of HIF‐1α expression with well‐differentiated endometrial neoplasms, and there was a marginal association of HIF‐1α and HIF‐2α with ER expression. With reference to normally cycling tissues, HIF‐1α nuclear/cytoplasmic expression was particularly strong in the samples of early proliferative phase endometrium compared with HIF‐2α protein expression, which showed a constant reaction throughout the menstrual cycle.CONCLUSIONSThe up‐regulation of HIF‐1α and, to a lesser extent, of HIF‐2α is a common event in Stage I endometrial adenocarcinomas. In these tumors, HIF‐1α expression is related to increased angiogenesis, through activation of the VEGF angiogenic pathway, and to an unfavorable prognosis. HIF‐2α accumulation is associated with increased expression of the angiogenic factor TP. Cancer 2002;95:1055–63. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10774
Radiographic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a predictor of local control and survival in soft tissue sarcomas
Authors: Meric Funda , Hess Kenneth R. , Varma Datla G. K. , Hunt Kelly K. , Pisters Peter W. T. , Milas Kresimira M. , Patel Shreyaskumar R. , Benjamin Robert S. , Plager Carl , Papadopoulos Nicholas E. J. , Burgess Michael A. , Pollock Raphael E. , Feig Barry W. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDDownstaging of large soft tissue sarcomas can be accomplished by the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NeoCT). The authors tested the hypothesis that radiographic response to NeoCT predicts improved local control and survival.METHODSThe authors reviewed the medical records of 65 patients with Stage II or III soft tissue sarcoma (42 extremity, 23 retroperitoneal) who were treated with doxorubicin or ifosfamide‐based NeoCT from January 1991 to December 1996. Radiographic response and impact on surgical therapy were determined retrospectively by comparing imaging studies obtained before and after chemotherapy.RESULTSThe radiographic responses observed were partial response (PR; 22 patients [34%]); minor response (MR; 6 patients [9%]); stable disease (20 patients [31%]); and progressive disease (17 patients [26%]). Downstaging sufficient to decrease the scope of the operation occurred in 13% of the patients, 78% had no change, and 9% had disease progression sufficient to increase the scope of the operation. Patients having any radiographic response (PR or MR) had a higher margin‐negative resection rate, a better local recurrence‐free survival rate, and a better overall survival rate than did nonresponders.CONCLUSIONSThe NeoCT regimens used in this study resulted in tumor shrinkage sufficient to impact surgical therapy in a few patients. However, radiographic response predicted improved local control and overall survival rate. Cancer 2002;95:1120–6. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10794
Detection of human herpes virus type 6 DNA in precancerous lesions of the uterine cervix
Authors: Tran‐Thanh Danh , Koushik Anita , Provencher Diane , Drouin Pierre , Dubuc‐Lissoir Josée , Gauthier Philippe , Allaire Guy , Kornegay Janet , Franco Eduardo , Coutlée François 
Published: October 2002

AbstractHuman herpes virus type 6 (HHV‐6) DNA has been suggested to be a cofactor to human papillomavirus (HPV) in cervical cancer. In a cross‐sectional study, we investigated the association between HHV‐6 DNA detected in cervical brushings and high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), while controlling for genital infection with 27 genotypes of HPV. Of the 320 women recruited from an oncologic gynecology clinic, 50 had invasive cervical cancer, 65 had HSIL, 80 had low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), and 125 were normal. Four of the seven HHV‐6‐positive women had HSIL. HHV‐6 was associated with HSIL after adjusting for age and socioeconomic status (odds ratio [OR] of 10.9, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1–107.1). This association was no longer significant after controlling for HPV (OR = 6.4, 95% CI = 0.3–128.5). HHV‐6 was detected in cervical samples from women with precancerous and cancerous lesions of the cervix, but not significantly more frequently than in normal women. J. Med. Virol. 68:606–610, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rodent host specificity of European hantaviruses: Evidence of Puumala virus interspecific spillover
Authors: Klingström J. , Heyman P. , Escutenaire S. , Sjölander K. Brus , Jaegere F. De , Henttonen H. , Lundkvist Å. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn order to investigate rodent host specificity of European hantaviruses, experimental infection of colonized and wild‐trapped rodents was performed. In addition to the natural rodent reservoir, Clethrionomys glareolus, Puumala hantavirus (PUUV) could infect colonized Microtus agrestis and Lemmus sibiricus, but not Syrian hamsters or Balb/C mice. Neither C. glareolus, nor M. agrestis, could be readily infected by Tula hantavirus (TULV). Wild‐trapped Apodemus flavicollis and A. agrarius, the natural reservoirs of Dobrava (DOBV) and Saaremaa (SAAV) hantaviruses, respectively, could both be infected by SAAV. NMRI mice could also be infected by SAAV, but with lower efficiency as compared to Apodemus mice. Balb/C and NMRI laboratory mice, but not C. glareolus, could be infected by DOBV. To our knowledge, this is the first time DOBV and SAAV have been shown to infect adult laboratory mice. Moreover, potential hantavirus spillover infections were investigated in wild‐trapped rodents. In addition to the natural host C. glareolus, we also found M. arvalis and A. sylvaticus with a history of PUUV infection. We did not find any C. glareolus or A. sylvaticus infected with TULV, a hantavirus which is known to circulate in the same geographical regions of Belgium, J. Med. Virol. 68:581–588, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Persistence of earlier HIV‐1 drug resistance mutations at new treatment failure
Authors: Svedhem Veronica , Lindkvist Annica , Lidman Knut , Sönnerborg Anders 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe objective was to study the persistence of drug resistance mutations detected earlier at virological failure during second or third line antiretroviral therapy. Therefore, in HIV‐1 infected patients, with a virological treatment failure, genotypic resistance testing was carried out before change of therapy and at the next treatment failure. The majority of primary and secondary resistance mutations persisted in both the reverse transcriptase (RT) and the protease genes. After changing from zidovudine‐ to stavudine‐containing regimens, the thymidine analogue mutations (especially M41L and T215Y/F) were found at new treatment failure in almost all patients. The M184V mutation disappeared in most (64%) non‐3TC treated patients, although it persisted in a few didanosine‐ and abacavir‐treated subjects. The primary protease inhibitor (PI) mutations reverted back to wild type in most patients who did not receive a new PI. In contrast, after changing from indinavir to saquinavir or nelfinavir, the M46I/L and/or V82A/F/ST disappeared in only 9 of 21 occasions at the new treatment failure. Most secondary mutations persisted with the exception of N88D. In patients with multiple treatment failures, most NRTI mutations thus persist frequently at new failures with modified treatment. A similar pattern is seen for protease inhibitors. The data suggest that clinical cross‐resistance may develop via common pathways within all categories of drugs in heavily treated patients. J. Med. Virol. 68:473–478, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rigid‐plastic hybrid element analyses of the plane strain upsetting
Authors: Guo Yong‐Ming , Nakanishi Kenji , Yokouchi Yasuto 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA rigid‐plastic hybrid element method (HEM) for simulation of metal forming is developed. This method is a mixed approach of the rigid‐plastic domain‐BEM and the rigid‐plastic FEM based on the theory of compressible plasticity. Because the compatibilities of not only velocity but also velocity's derivative between the adjoining boundary elements and finite elements can be met, the velocities and the derivatives of the velocity can be calculated with the same precision for the rigid‐plastic HEM. Then, it is considered that the rigid‐plastic HEM is a more precise method in formulation than the conventional rigid‐plastic FEMs for which the compatibilities of velocity's derivative cannot be met. The plane strain upsetting processes with two friction factors are analyzed by the rigid‐plastic HEM in this article. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 18: 726–737, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/num.10031.
A formal set of algorithms for project scheduling with critical path scheduling/material requirements planning
Authors: Aquilano Nicholas J. , Smith Dwight E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA hybrid model combining the critical path method (CPM) with material requirements planning (MRP) has been suggested (Aquilano) as a more robust method for scheduling projects and resources. The primary advantage of this technique is that resource acquisition lead times as well as inventory records are integrated into the process of computing the project schedule. This paper presents a set of formal CPM/MRP algorithms that may be used to compute the early and late start schedules as well as the critical sequence. A number of modifications have been incorporated into the CPM/MRP technique to improve the viability of CPM/MRP as a tool for application to actual project scheduling problems. A simple example project is used to demonstrate the CPM/MRP model.The CPM/MRP technique is designed to overcome a basic shortcoming of previously suggested project scheduling methodologies. CPM was initially designed to schedule projects subject to technological constraints only. Later, additional techniques were introduced to consider constraints upon various aspects of resource availability (Davis). None of the suggested techniques attempted to integrate resource acquisition lead time with the generation of requirements for resources. Obviously such a technique would require the integration of inventory records into the scheduling technique.The combination of CPM and MRP provides a possible vehicle for overcoming this drawback in CPM. Both CPM and MRP are linear models that generate schedules based upon precedence relationships. An integrated approach is useful since activities could be scheduled subject to information about the inventory position. An activity may be scheduled as soon as all resources are on hand. It is only delayed by those resources which must be acquired and activities which proceed it in the project network.CPM/MRP also shows promise as an aid to constrained resource scheduling since computations regarding resource availability are an integrated part of the technique. The effect of resource allocation decisions is immediately evident in the MRP‐type time phased records.Results of the tests run on short projects of up to 300 activities and resources have shown that the program does work satisfactorily. Execution time for a 300 item network tested was approximately ten seconds on a CYBER 175.
A simulation study of smoothing constant limits for an adaptive forecasting system
Authors: Flowers A.Dale 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA set of computer simulation experiments were designed to investigate the use of Winters' forecasting models with the adaptive system of Trigg and Leach for short term forecasting. These two methods are popular and effective methods used for short term forecasting, but no systematic study of their joint usage has been reported. The results provide a set of smoothing constant limits which yielded accurate forecasts for the experimental conditions investigated. The experimental conditions were designed to cover as wide a range of situations as possible to maximize potential usefulness to practitioners.
Estimating and auditing aggregate inventory levels at multiple stocking points
Authors: Ballou Ronald H. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractRelatively little attention has been given to methods for estimating and auditing distribution network inventories in the aggregate. This article shows that a simple polynomial equation whose coefficients can be determined by means of regression analysis techniques is a good, basic tool for estimating overall inventory levels and can be used to provide insight into the effectiveness of inventory control policies at different stocking points. It also serves as the basis for auditing and controlling current inventory policies on an ongoing basis. Tests of the model in a number of actual cases revealed a predictable association between the inventory policy being used and the coefficient values in the polynomial equation.
Forecasting for solid wastes operations
Authors: Westerman Robert R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis article analyzes the needs for, and capabilities of, formalized forecasting of future workloads to support more effective and efficient solid waste operations management. A case study of computerized forecasting of the average daily solid waste quantity generated, month by month, in Sacramento County, California, is presented. The monthly pattern of peaks and valleys and the month by month trend in solid waste generation are identified. Selected uses of the forecast average, pattern, and trend information in planning for solid waste services and operations are examined. The extent of future workload unpredictability, in Sacramento, in terms of randomness reflected in forecast errors, is identified. The operational consequences of forecast errors are discussed.
Simple methods for uncapacitated facility location/allocation problems
Authors: Sule Dileep R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractFacility location/allocation problems are encountered in many different areas of management science. The methods presented in the literature are complex and are not easily understood by practitioners who are not trained in the techniques of optimization. Simple heuristic methods are presented in this article. The methods are developed for three different types of uncapacitated problems: (1) unlimited facility capacity with no fixed cost; (2) unlimited facility capacity with a fixed cost for assignment; (3) multiperiod problems. Examples are included to illustrate the basic methods.
Restarting a forecasting system when demand suddenly changes
Authors: McClain John O. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractExponential smoothing is commonly used in automatic forecasting systems. However, when only a small amount of historical data is relevant to future demands, the ad hoc startup methods used in exponential smoothing produce unexpected results. With large data sets, an exponentially smoothed average implicitly weights the data in a declining manner, similar to discounting. This pattern is important in that it minimizes a measure of forecast error. However, restarting with limited data distorts the weighting pattern. A new technique, termed the declining alpha method, is presented and shown to preserve the exponential weight pattern. The key is a formula that changes the smoothing constant each period. Examples are given to illustrate the method and contrast it to other startup techniques.
Simulation study of a closed‐loop job shop
Authors: Glaser Roger B. , Hottenstein Michael P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis study investigates the behavior of a job shop depicted as an integral component of a firm. A market places demands for the firm's products by dynamically evaluating the organization's quoted delivery times and actual delivery performance. The closed‐loop model simulated in this study is described and the salient research results are reported. These experimental outcomes suggest that other conventional open‐loop job shop studies tend to neglect important interactions with factors external to the shop itself.
A cost minimization production planning model for continuous process chemical plant operations
Authors: Eldredge David L. , Holdman Bob 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe management of large continuous process chemical plants oftentimes must make operating decisions within a rapidly changing economic environment. This paper describes a decision making aid in the form of a production planning model which is immediately responsive to such changes. The model provides cost minimization solutions to “what if” questions of management through the use of linear programming. Implementation upon an interactive computer system provides a user oriented model. A specific type of chemical plant operation involving 13 decision variables illustrates the approach. Five example real‐world situations demonstrate the approach's capability.
Queue control using a historically developed stochastic model
Authors: Ballou Donald P. , Fisk John C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper applies a stochastic model to determine the optimal or ideal average planned queue level. The ideal average planned queue level is defined to be the minimum average queue level necessary to ensure that in the long run the probability of work center idle time over a specified planning horizon is no greater than some value α chosen by management. Also discussed is the usefulness of the ideal planned queue level, not only for controlling work‐in‐process inventories, but also for obtaining better work center lead time estimates.
Constrained resource project scheduling subject to material constraints
Authors: Smith‐Daniels Dwight E. , Aquilano Nicholas J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractConstrained resource project scheduling techniques schedule project activities subject to finite constraints on the availability of non‐storable resources such as labor and equipment without consideration of constraints resulting from material requirements. Projects are frequently delayed and resources are wasted when project activities are delayed due to material shortages. A heuristic procedure is presented here for scheduling large projects subject to the availability of all necessary resources, including materials, manufactured components, facilities, equipment and labor as well as the acquisition lead times required by these resources. Results are listed for tests involving both benchmark and actual problems.