bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facts and trends in dental antibiotic and analgesic prescriptions in Germany, 2012–2021
Authors: Albrecht Helena , Schiegnitz Eik , Halling Frank 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Objectives
The study aims to overview German dentists’ development of antibiotic and analgesic prescriptions from 2012 to 2021.

Materials and methods
A longitudinal database analysis was performed based on the annual reports of the “Research Institute for Local Health Care Systems” (WIdO, Berlin).

Results
From 2012 until 2021, dental antibiotic prescriptions fell by 17.9%. In contrast, the dental proportion of antibiotic prescriptions compared to all antibiotic prescriptions in Germany increased from 9.1 to 13.6%. Aminopenicillins enhanced their share from 35.6 to 49.4%, while clindamycin prescriptions declined from 37.8 to 23.4%. The proportion of ibuprofen prescriptions significantly increased from 60.4% in 2012 to 79.0% in 2021.

Conclusions
Since 2013, the most frequently prescribed antibiotic by German dentists has been amoxicillin reaching nearly half of all dental antibiotic prescriptions in 2021. Simultaneously, the proportion of clindamycin has steadily decreased, but the level is still high compared to international data. During the past decade, ibuprofen as a first-line analgesic in German dentistry was continuously gaining in importance.

Clinical relevance
Aminopenicillins have the best risk–benefit balance in dentistry, but the use of antibiotics generally must be limited only to cases of severe infections or compromised patients. Pre-existing diseases or permanent medications should always be considered when choosing an analgesic.
Testing the ‘differences in virtual and physical head pose’ and ‘subjective vertical conflict’ accounts of cybersickness
Authors: Palmisano Stephen , Stephenson Lance , Davies Rodney G. , Kim Juno , Allison Robert S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWhen we move our head while in virtual reality, display lag will generate differences in our virtual and physical head pose (known as DVP). While DVP are a major trigger for cybersickness, theories differ as to exactly how they constitute a provocative sensory conflict. Here, we test two competing theories: the subjective vertical conflict theory and the DVP hypothesis. Thirty-two HMD users made continuous, oscillatory head rotations in either pitch or yaw while viewing a large virtual room. Additional display lag was applied selectively to the simulation about the same, or an orthogonal, axis to the instructed head rotation (generating Yaw-Lag + Yaw-Move, Yaw-Lag + Pitch-Move, Pitch-Lag + Yaw-Move, and Pitch-Lag + Pitch-Move conditions). At the end of each trial: (1) participants rated their sickness severity and scene instability; and (2) their head tracking data were used to estimate DVP throughout the trial. Consistent with our DVP hypothesis, but contrary to subjective vertical conflict theory, Yaw-Lag + Yaw-Move conditions induced significant cybersickness, which was similar in magnitude to that in the Pitch-Lag + Pitch-Move conditions. When extra lag was added along the same axis as the instructed head movement, DVP was found to predict 73–76% of the variance in sickness severity (with measures of the spatial magnitude and the temporal dynamics of the DVP both contributing significantly). Ratings of scene instability were also found to predict sickness severity. Taken together, these findings suggest that: (1) cybersickness can be predicted from objective estimates of the DVP; and (2) provocative stimuli for this sickness can be identified from subjective reports of scene instability.
The demographic, laboratory and genetic factors associated with long Covid-19 syndrome: a case–control study
Authors: Torki Ensiye , Hoseininasab Fahimeh , Moradi Marjan , Sami Ramin , Sullman Mark J. M. , Fouladseresht Hamed 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLong Covid-19 syndrome (LCS) manifests with a wide range of clinical symptoms, yet the factors associated with LCS remain poorly understood. The current study aimed to investigate the relationships that demographic characteristics, clinical history, laboratory indicators, and the frequency of HLA-I alleles have with the likelihood of developing LCS. We extracted the demographic characteristics and clinical histories from the medical records of 88 LCS cases (LCS+ group) and 96 individuals without LCS (LCS− group). Furthermore, we evaluated the clinical symptoms, serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, laboratory parameters, and the frequencies of HLA-I alleles. Following this we used multiple logistic regression to investigate the association these variables had with LCS. Subjects in the LCS+ group were more likely to have experienced severe Covid-19 symptoms and had higher body mass index (BMI), white blood cell, lymphocyte counts, C-reactive protein (CRP), and IL-6 levels than those in the LCS− group (for all: P < 0.05). Moreover, the frequencies of the HLA-A*11, -B*14, -B*38, -B*50, and -C*07 alleles were higher in the LCS+ group (for all: P < 0.05). After adjusting for the most important variables, the likelihood of suffering from LCS was significantly associated with BMI, CRP, IL-6, the HLA-A*11, and -C*07 alleles, as well as a positive history of severe Covid-19 (for all: P < 0.05). Our study showed that a history of severe Covid-19 during the acute phase of the disease, the HLA-A*11, and -C*07 alleles, higher BMI, as well as elevated serum CRP and IL-6 levels, were all associated with an increased likelihood of LCS.
Longitudinal study of human polyomaviruses viruria in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Dolci Maria , Colico Caterina , Ambrogi Federico , Favi Evaldo , Signorini Lucia , Perego Marta , Campioli Edoardo , Maina Kevin Kamau , Ferrante Pasquale , Ferraresso Mariano , Delbue Serena 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Immunosuppression after kidney transplantation (KTx) exposes recipients to Human Polyomaviruses (HPyVs) infections, whose natural history is still misunderstood.

Methods
Allograft biopsies, and urine from 58 donor-recipient pairs were collected before KTx (T0) and 1 (T1), 15 (T2), 30 (T3), 60 (T4), 90 (T5), 180 (T6), 270 (T7), 360 (T8), and 540 (T9) days after transplant. Specimens were tested for JC (JCPyV) and BK (BKPyV), by quantitative Real-Time PCR. The course of post-KTx HPyVs viruria, and the association between JCPyV viruria in recipients and donors, were evaluated.

Results
HPyVs were detected in 3/58 (5.2%) allograft biopsies. HPyVs viruria was present in 29/58 (50%) donors and 41/58 (70.7%) recipients. JCPyV DNA was detected in 26/58 (44.8%) donors and 25/58 recipients (43.1%), 19 of whom received kidney from JCPyV positive donor, whereas BKPyV genome was detected in 3 (5.2%) donors and 22 (37.9%) recipients. The median time of JCPyV, and BKPyV first episode of replication was 1, and 171 days post KTx, respectively. At T0, JCPyV viruria of donors was associated with increased risk of JCPyV replication post-KTx; recipients with JCPyV positive donors showed lower risk of BKPyV replication post-KTx.

Conclusions
The results suggested that JCPyV may be transmitted by allograft, and that its replication post KTx might prevent BKPyV reactivation. Future investigation regarding correlation between chronic exposure to immunosuppressive agents and HPyVs urinary replication are warranted.
Teleworking antecedents: an exploration into availability bias as an impediment
Authors: Godefroid Marie-E. , Borghoff Vincent , Plattfaut Ralf , Niehaves Björn 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTelework technologies have been known since the 1970s, yet their adoption levels remained low until Covid-19-related lockdowns and curfews. The known rational and non-rational technology acceptance theory and biases cannot fully explain this effect. One of the possible answers to fill this gap could be availability bias which has probably also affected the lag in adopting other technologies. To examine this phenomenon, we conducted a qualitative study with 22 interviews with individuals from different organizational backgrounds and telework adoption levels. Following a combination of inductive and deductive coding, we identified three key aspects of availability bias: intention, cognitive visibility, and cognitive transfer. The findings also allowed us to delineate this bias further from other biases, e.g., the status quo bias, and classical technology acceptance models, e.g., UTAUT. Thereby, this study examines a bias so far only very limitedly researched in the information systems and extends technology acceptance and cognitive bias literature. The findings should also enable practitioners to question their way of working and technology use more thoroughly.
Social network type contributes to purpose in life among older people, mediated by social support
Authors: Bakhshandeh Bavarsad Maryam , Stephens Christine 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA sense of Purpose in Life is an important aspect of ageing well which is related to older adult’s social relationships. Social network types and the different sources of support they provide are theorized here as a pathway to maintaining a sense of purpose as we age. The study utilized a population sample from the 2016 and 2020 NZ Health, Work, and Retirement (NZHWR) longitudinal survey waves; N = 2869 (mean age of 65.82 years (SD = 6.40). A structural equation model investigated the relationship between Social Network Type and Purpose in Life and the mediating role of Social Support. The final model had a good fit to the data and explained 33.7% of the variance in Purpose in Life. Private, Self-Contained and Family Dependent network types (2016) were negatively related to Purpose in Life 4 years later (2020). Support from sense of Attachment, Reassurance of Worth, Reliable Alliance and Social Integration played a mediating role between Social Network type and Purpose in Life. These findings highlight the importance of social networks in maintaining a sense of purpose among older adults and highlight pathways for the types of networks, and kinds of social support they offer, which contribute to a sense of purpose in life. They underscore the importance of social support for the well-being of older adults and highlight the need to consider the quality and type of social networks and support they provide, when designing interventions to enhance well-being.
NewsCom-TOX: a corpus of comments on news articles annotated for toxicity in Spanish
Authors: Taulé Mariona , Nofre Montserrat , Bargiela Víctor , Bonet Xavier 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this article, we present the NewsCom-TOX corpus, a new corpus manually annotated for toxicity in Spanish. NewsCom-TOX consists of 4359 comments in Spanish posted in response to 21 news articles on social media related to immigration, in order to analyse and identify messages with racial and xenophobic content. This corpus is multi-level annotated with different binary linguistic categories -stance, target, stereotype, sarcasm, mockery, insult, improper language, aggressiveness and intolerance- taking into account not only the information conveyed in each comment, but also the whole discourse thread in which the comment occurs, as well as the information conveyed in the news article, including their images. These categories allow us to identify the presence of toxicity and its intensity, that is, the level of toxicity of each comment. All this information is available for research purposes upon request. Here we describe the NewsCom-TOX corpus, the annotation tagset used, the criteria applied and the annotation process carried out, including the inter-annotator agreement tests conducted. A quantitative analysis of the results obtained is also provided. NewsCom-TOX is a linguistic resource that will be valuable for both linguistic and computational research in Spanish in NLP tasks for the detection of toxic information.
A Bebras Computational Thinking (ABC-Thinking) program for primary school: Evaluation using the competent computational thinking test
Authors: Zapata-Cáceres María , Marcelino Pedro , El-Hamamsy Laila , Martín-Barroso Estefanía 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBebras tasks are considered to develop Computational Thinking (CT) and are currently used for this purpose in many studies. However, the relationship between Bebras tasks and CT is recent and, given the scarcity of validated instruments for assessing CT that are not associated with a specific learning environment, the expected development of CT through Bebras tasks has not been sufficiently evaluated, especially in Primary School. For this reason, we designed the ABC-Thinking program for the development of CT in which a set of Bebras tasks were selected and categorised according to the CT skills they were related to, specific lesson plans were designed to integrate these tasks in a 12-week curriculum, and teachers were trained to apply the program. Using the competent Computational Thinking test (cCTt) in a pre-post-test experimental design, we looked to determine whether Primary School students developed specific CT skills after the program, and, therefore, whether Bebras could be considered suitable for the development of this competence. The results show a significant development in specific CT skills, interesting findings in the gender differences in this development, and between high and low performers. Finally, qualitative data indicate the suitability of the ABC-Thinking program with respect to teachers’ practice.
Structure sense in students’ quantity comparison and repeating pattern extension tasks: an eye-tracking study with first graders
Authors: Pitta-Pantazi Demetra , Demosthenous Eleni , Schindler Maike , Lilienthal Achim J. , Christou Constantinos 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThere is growing evidence that the ability to perceive structure is essential for students’ mathematical development. Looking at students’ structure sense in basic numerical and patterning tasks seems promising for understanding how these tasks set the foundation for the development of later mathematical skills. Previous studies have shown how students use structure sense in enumeration tasks. However, little is known about students’ use of structure sense in other early mathematical tasks. The main aim of this study is to investigate the ways in which structure sense is manifested in first-grade students’ work across tasks, in quantity comparison and repeating pattern extension tasks. We investigated students’ strategies in quantity comparison and pattern extension tasks and how students employ structure sense. We conducted an eye-tracking study with 21 first-grade students, which provided novel insights into commonalities among strategies for these types of tasks. We found that for both tasks, quantity comparison and repeating pattern extension tasks, strategies can be distinguished into those employing structure sense and serial strategies.
Numerical validation of analytical formulas for channel flows over liquid-infused surfaces
Authors: Miyoshi Hiroyuki , Rodriguez-Broadbent Henry , Crowdy Darren G. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper provides numerical validation of some new explicit, asymptotically exact, analytical formulas describing channel flows over liquid-infused surfaces, an important class of surfaces of current interest in surface engineering. The new asymptotic formulas, reproduced here, were derived in a recent companion paper by the authors. The numerical validation is done by presenting a novel computational method for calculating longitudinal flow in a periodic channel involving finite-length closed liquid-filled grooves with a flat two-fluid interface, a challenging problem given the two-fluid nature of the flow. The formulas are asymptotically exact for wide channels where the grooves on the lower wall of the channel are well separated; the numerical method devised here, however, is subject to no such restrictions. Significantly, it is shown here that the asymptotic formulas remain good global approximants for the flow over a wide range of flow geometries, including those well outside the asymptotic parameter range for which they were derived. It is found that the formulas are more reliable for liquid-infused surfaces than for superhydrophobic surfaces.
Barriers to Healthcare for Latinx Autistic Children and Adolescents
Authors: Grosvenor Luke P , Cohen Ryan J , Gordon Nancy P , Massolo Maria L , Cerros Hilda J , Yoshida Cathleen K. , Ames Jennifer L , Croen Lisa A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose: To understand the ways in which autistic Latinx children experience disparities in diagnosis, healthcare, and receipt of specialty services. Methods: 417 individuals who identified as Latinx caregivers of autistic children who were members of the same integrated healthcare system in Northern California were surveyed. Responses were analyzed using the child’s insurance coverage (Government or Commercial) and caregiver’s primary language (Spanish or English). Results: Compared to the commercially-insured, government-insured participants accessed several services at a higher rate and were less likely to cite the high cost of co-pays as a barrier. Conclusion: There were no significant differences in service access by language status, but Spanish speakers were more likely to cite health literacy as a barrier to receiving care.
Differences Between Black and White Caregivers in the Association Between Autism Diagnostic Process Satisfaction and Service Use
Authors: Fisher Allison P. , Lynch James D. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Black families of children with autism spectrum disorder have less access to high quality, culturally responsive care for their children.

Method
We assessed satisfaction and service utilization among fifty (29%) Black caregivers and 124 (71%) White caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder. We also examined whether race moderated the association between satisfaction and service utilization.

Results
We did not identify racial differences in satisfaction or service utilization. Race moderated the association between satisfaction and total service use, F(170) = 5.29, p =.02, therapy service use, F(163) = 3.59, p =.046, and community service use, F(169) = 4.76, p =.046. For Black families, there was a positive association between satisfaction and service use. There was no association between satisfaction and service use among White families.

Discussion
Satisfaction may be particularly important among Black families, who have been mistreated by the healthcare system and frequently face discrimination. Our results suggest the importance of culturally responsive care for Black families.
The effect of high-intensity gamma radiation on PETG and ASA polymer-based fused deposition modelled 3D printed parts
Authors: Cressall Sam , Phillips Chris O. , Al-Shatty Wafaa , Deganello Davide 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThere is growing interest in the application of 3D printing for demanding environments subject to gamma radiation in areas such as the nuclear industry and space exploration. In this work, the effect of gamma radiation on fused deposition modelled 3D printed parts composed of polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) and acrylic styrene acrylonitrile (ASA) polymers was studied. Dose levels of up to 2.25 MGy were applied to the printed components, doses equivalent to over 1 year operating near spent nuclear fuel cells. Infrared spectroscopy showed the evidence of cross-linking by the formation of peaks corresponding to –OH and C–H bonds. Tensile and hardness testing was used to assess changes in mechanical properties and showed a reduction in ultimate tensile stress and maximum strain in parts made from both polymers, but with PETG retaining greater strength and ductility than ASA, especially at intermediate gamma exposure. Young’s modulus and hardness showed either modest increases or a fairly flat response with exposure. Mechanical properties were heavily dependent on the build structure, with horizontal build samples pulled parallel to the filament direction being several times stronger than vertical build samples pulled normal to the layers. Non-irradiated samples pulled parallel to the filament direction were indicative of ductile failure, with rough surfaces, distinct infill and wall regions and evidence of thinning occurring after fracture, but irradiated fracture surfaces were flatter, smoother and without local thinning, suggesting gamma radiation-induced embrittlement in the material. For samples pulled perpendicular to the filament direction, all fractures occurred between layers, creating flat fracture surfaces with no evidence of necking and indicative of brittle failure regardless of whether the samples were irradiated.
Evaluation of Genetic or Cellular Impairments in Type I IFN Immunity in a Cohort of Young Adults with Critical COVID-19
Authors: Covill L. E. , Sendel A. , Campbell T. M. , Piiroinen I. , Enoksson S. Lind , Borgström E. Wahren , Hansen S. , Ma K. , Marits P. , Norlin A. C. , Smith C. I. E. , Kåhlin J. , Eriksson L. I. , Bergman P. , Bryceson Y. T. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSeveral genetic and immunological risk factors for severe COVID-19 have been identified, with monogenic conditions relating to 13 genes of type I interferon (IFN) immunity proposed to explain 4.8% of critical cases. However, previous cohorts have been clinically heterogeneous and were not subjected to thorough genetic and immunological analyses. We therefore aimed to systematically investigate the prevalence of rare genetic variants causing inborn errors of immunity (IEI) and functionally interrogate the type I IFN pathway in young adults that suffered from critical COVID-19 yet lacked comorbidities. We selected and clinically characterized a cohort of 38 previously healthy individuals under 50 years of age who were treated in intensive care units due to critical COVID-19. Blood samples were collected after convalescence. Two patients had IFN-α autoantibodies. Genome sequencing revealed very rare variants in the type I IFN pathway in 31.6% of the patients, which was similar to controls. Analyses of cryopreserved leukocytes did not indicate any defect in plasmacytoid dendritic cell sensing of TLR7 and TLR9 agonists in patients carrying variants in these pathways. However, lymphocyte STAT phosphorylation and protein upregulation upon IFN-α stimulation revealed three possible cases of impaired type I IFN signaling in carriers of rare variants. Together, our results suggest a strategy of functional screening followed by genome analyses and biochemical validation to uncover undiagnosed causes of critical COVID-19.