bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detailed account of confounding factors in interpretation of FTIR spectra of exfoliated cervical cells
Authors: Wong Patrick T. T. , Senterman Mary K. , Jackli Pascale , Wong Rita K. , Salib Sylvia , Campbell Craig E. , Feigel Roman , Faught Wylam , Fung Kee Fung Micheal 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe confounding variables that can potentially lead to a misinterpretation of FTIR spectroscopy of exfoliated cervical cells is described. A detailed account of the spectral effects of the following variables in FTIR spectroscopic screening of exfoliated cervical cells is presented: polymorphs; Cell degradation; and impurities such as endocervical columnar cells, metaplastic cells, cervical mucus, red cells, and debris. The interpretation of the spectra of exfoliated cervical cells must be done with subtraction analysis, which includes these factors. This is essential to prevent unacceptable false‐positive rates. The above techniques are subsequently applied to two clinic populations: a dysplasia clinic in follow‐up patients with negative cytology and two general gynecology clinics with patients with negative cytology. In the dysplasia clinic group 250 sequential patients with negative smears were tested. Thirty had false‐positive smears as defined by the IR spectroscopy using the above methodology. Twenty of those patients subsequently had one follow‐up and six had a positive abnormal smear. In the community clinic group 656 sequential patients were examined who had negative smears, of which 27 had false‐positive FTIR spectra. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Biospectroscopy) 67: 376–386, 2002
Trifluoroethanol and binding to model membranes stabilize a predicted turn in a peptide corresponding to the first extracellular loop of the angiotensin II AT1A receptor
Authors: Salinas Roberto K. , Shida Cláudio S. , Pertinhez Thelma A. , Spisni Alberto , Nakaie Clóvis R. , Paiva Antonio C. M. , Schreier Shirley 
Published: October 2002

AbstractHomology modeling of the angiotensin II AT1A receptor based on rhodopsin′s crystal structure has assigned the 92–100 (YRWPFGNHL) sequence of the receptor to its first extracellular loop. Solution and membrane‐bound conformational properties of a peptide containing this sequence (EL1) were examined by CD, fluorescence, and 1H‐NMR. CD spectra in aqueous solution revealed an equilibrium between less organized and folded conformers. NMR spectra indicated the coexistence of trans and cis isomers of the Trp3–Pro4 bond. A positive band at 226 nm in the CD spectra suggested aromatic ring stacking, modulated by EL1's ionization degree. CD spectra showed that trifluoroethanol (TFE), or binding to detergent micelles and phospholipid bilayers, shifted the equilibrium toward conformers with higher secondary structure content. Different media gave rise to spectra suggestive of different β‐turns. Chemical shift changes in the NMR spectra corroborated the stabilization of different conformations. Thus, environments of lower polarity or binding to interfaces probably favored the formation of hydrogen bonds, stabilizing β‐turns, predicted for this sequence in the whole receptor. Increases in Trp3 fluorescence intensity and anisotropy, blue shifts of the maximum emission wavelength, and pK changes also evinced the interaction between EL1 and model membranes. Binding was seen to depend on both hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions, as well as lipid phase packing. Studies with water‐soluble and membrane‐bound fluorescence quenchers demonstrated that Trp3 is located close to the water–membrane interface. The results are discussed with regard to possible implications in receptor folding and function. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 65: 21–31, 2002
Ab initio quantum mechanical models of peptide helices and their vibrational spectra
Authors: Bour Petr , Kubelka Jan , Keiderling Timothy A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractStructural parameters for standard peptide helices (α, 310, 31 left‐handed) were fully ab initio optimized for Ac–(L‐Ala)9–NHMe and for Ac–(L‐Pro)9–NHMe (poly‐L‐proline—PLP I and PLP II—forms), in order to better understand the relative stability and minimum energy geometries of these conformers and the dependence of the ir absorption and vibrational CD (VCD) spectra on detailed variation in these conformations. Only the 310‐helical Ala‐based conformation was stable in vacuum for this decaamide structure, but both Pro‐based conformers minimized successfully. Inclusion of solvent effects, by use of the conductor‐like screening solvent model (COSMO), enabled ab initio optimizations [at the DFT/B3LYP/SV(P) level] without any constraints for the α‐ and 310‐helical Ala‐based peptides as well as the two Pro‐based peptides. The geometries obtained compare well with peptide chain torsion angles and hydrogen‐bond distances found for these secondary structure types in x‐ray structures of peptides and proteins. For the simulation of VCD spectra, force field and intensity response tensors were obtained ab initio for the complete Ala‐based peptides in vacuum, but constrained to the COSMO optimized torsional angles, due to limitations of the solvent model. Resultant spectral patterns reproduce well many aspects of the experimental spectra and capture the differences observed for these various helical types. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 65: 45–59, 2002
Effect of complexing agents on reduction of Cr(VI) by Desulfovibrio vulgaris ATCC 29579
Authors: Mabbett Amanda N. , Lloyd Jon R. , Macaskie Lynne E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe reduction of Cr(VI) at the expense of molecular hydrogen was studied using resting cells of Desulfovibrio vulgaris ATCC 29579 in anaerobic resting cell suspensions in MOPS buffer. Bioreduction occurred only in the presence of ligands or chelating agents (CO, citrate, NTA, EDTA, DTPA). The stimulatory effect of these ligands on the rate of Cr(VI) reduction was correlated (r = 0.988) with the strength of the ligand/chelate complex of Cr(III). The data are examined with respect to likely solution and redox equilibria in the ionic matrix of the carrier solution, and with respect to the potential for bioremediation of Cr(VI). © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 79: 389–397, 2002.
Individual variations in aging of the male urethral rhabdosphincter in Japanese
Authors: Murakami Gen , Nakajima Futoshi , Sato Toshio J. , Tsugane Mizuyo H. , Taguchi Keisuke , Tsukamoto Taiji 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAlthough the degenerative changes with aging of the male urethral rhabdosphincter (URS) have been investigated, its individual morphological variations are still unclear. To provide an anatomical basis for clinical evaluation of the individual URS function in the aged, we investigated the structural differences in the URS of 25 elderly Japanese men using semiserial sections stained immunohistochemically and by hematoxylin‐eosin. Before removal of the histological specimens, we dissected the ischioanal fossa and labeled several structures by carbon particles to allow proper orientation during the histological observations. In addition, macroscopic slices (10 mm thickness) made from five other male pelves were examined and, when necessary, followed by routine histological procedure to confirm the gross observations. An extended circular URS (over ½ circumferential configuration) was found in 15/25 cadavers, but showed very limited height (proximal‐distal length) and thickness. A more restricted URS, including even a thin, arc‐like pattern, was observed in the remaining cadavers. The attachment of the URS to the smooth muscle layer was loose and usually clearly separated. Continuation between the URS and deep transverse perineal muscle was sometimes observed. The thick fascia of the levetor ani, with high content of smooth muscles, usually provided the lateral or dorsal insertions of the URS. Our results in elderly Japanese subjects suggest that the sphincteric action is weak or incomplete. We suggest that the elderly URS maintains continence by retracting the urethra backward and upward with the aid of the levator sling, rather than the real sphincteric action expected in younger men. Clin. Anat. 15:241–252, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Contribution of digital simulation in visualizing physics processes
Authors: Vidaurre Ana , Riera Jaime , Giménez Marcos H. , Monsoriu Juan A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn our experience of teaching physics for engineering at university level we have learned that the mathematical relationships between the parameters that control a process are important, but not sufficient, to understand a process. Such knowledge will only be consolidated if the new concept is incorporated by student in his field of study. Simulation programs, especially through visualization, can help to attain this target. We have developed three programs using Visual Basic. One of them is devoted to fitting experimental data and is complementary to experimental work; the others focus on dynamics, translation, and rotational movement, helping to understand the Newton's laws. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 10: 45–49, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com.); DOI 10.1002/cae.10016
Instructional practices of part‐time and full‐time faculty
Authors: Schuetz Pam 
Published: October 2002

AbstractExploring differences between instructional practices of full‐time and part‐time faculty, this chapter reveals that the average time spent by part‐ and full‐time faculty in most classroom instructional practices is essentially equivalent. However, differences emerge regarding time spent in various classroom practices, the availability of faculty to students outside class, and faculty connections with colleagues and the institution.
Open‐cell design stents in congenital heart disease: A comparison of IntraStent vs. Palmaz stents
Authors: Kreutzer Jacqueline , Rome Jonathan J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSlotted stainless Palmaz stents (PS) remain the most commonly used in congenital heart disease (CHD). Limitations of PS include rigidity, foreshortening, poor conformability on expansion, balloon rupture, and jailing of side branches. Recently, stents with open‐cell design (IntraStent; IS) in appropriate sizes for CHD have been introduced. We reviewed our experience with the IS, comparing performance with the PS in a retrospective nonrandomized, uncontrolled observational study. Between May 1999 and March 2001, 34 IS (10–36 mm) and 34 PS (10–40 mm) were implanted in 57 patients (3 months to 25 years old; median, 3.24 years) in congenital or postoperative lesions. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in efficacy, % diameter increase (162% ± 203% for IS vs. 153% ± 177% for PS), and % gradient reduction (69% ± 23% for IS vs. 80% ± 27% for PS). Other aspects of stent performance differed significantly (P < 0.05): PS forshortened more (mean 18% for PS vs. 0% for IS) and were associated with balloon rupture (9/34 for PS vs. 0/34 for IS; P = 0.002), but had no evidence of intimal protrusion in between struts (0/34 for PS vs. 14/34 for IS; P < 0.001) and no recoil > 15% (0/34 for PS vs. 7/34 for IS; P = 0.006); IS conformed almost twice as well to vessel curvature (P = 0.003). Although these factors did not affect immediate procedural success, balloon rupture in two PS resulted in stent malpositions. Among IS, the origins of three covered side branches were accessed and balloon dilated up to 6 mm through the side of the stent. In conclusion, stents with open‐cell design have some characteristics that seem beneficial for their use in CHD: they foreshorten less, are conformable, are less likely to cause balloon rupture, and can allow access to jailed branches. However, they have a higher incidence of significant percent recoil and protrusion of intimal tissue in between struts, which may impact long‐term stent performance. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;56:400–409. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
AngioJet thrombectomy and stenting for reperfusion in acute MI complicated with cardiogenic shock
Authors: Taghizadeh Behzad , Chiu J. Andy , Papaleo Rafael , Farzanegan Farhad , DeLago Augustin 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAngioJet thrombectomy (AJ) has been shown to be safe and effective in treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, use of AJ has not been studied extensively in AMI with cardiogenic shock (CS). Clinical outcomes in 19 patients with CS and treated with AJ were retrospectively analyzed. Immediate stenting was also performed. Procedure success (final diameter stenosis < 50% and TIMI flow ≥ 2) was achieved in 95%, with final TIMI 3 flow in 89%. Clinical success (procedure success without major in‐hospital cardiac events) was achieved in 68%. There were five in‐hospital deaths and no patients experienced stroke or required emergent bypass surgery. At 30‐day follow‐up, there were no additional deaths or stroke, and two patients had undergone target vessel revascularization. AJ is relatively safe and effective in the setting of AMI complicated with CS, allowing for immediate definitive treatment. This strategy may offer improved mortality in these high‐risk patients. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;57:79–84. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of a nonchiral HPLC method with circular dichroism detection for chiral analysis of molybdenum‐catalyzed enantioselective synthesis products
Authors: Miller Michael T. , Ge Zhihong , Mao Bing 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe combination of a circular dichroism detector and nonchiral liquid chromatography was used for the chiral analysis of unresolved enantiomers to determine the enantioselectivity of a molybdenum‐catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation reaction. The CD/UV peak area ratio of the unresolved enantiomers was calculated and compared with that of a reference standard to determine the enantiomeric purity. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) is 20 ng for the chiral ligand and 1 μg for the branched chiral product. The viability of the system depends on the limit of quantitation of the CD response and the linearity range of the CD and UV response. Chirality 14:659–664, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessment of histologic features and expression of biomarkers in predicting pathologic response to anthracycline‐based neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast carcinoma
Authors: Wang Jianzhou , Buchholz Thomas A. , Middleton Lavinia P. , Allred D. Craig , Tucker Susan L. , Kuerer Henry M. , Esteva Francisco J. , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. , Sahin Aysegul A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere is significant variability in the response of tumors to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and the underlying mechanism for this variability is unknown. In this study, the authors investigated the roles of tumor nuclear grade, mitotic activity, and biomarker expression profiles in predicting the pathologic response of breast tumors to preoperative chemotherapy.METHODSEighty‐two patients with breast carcinoma participated in two clinical trials and were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, which consisted of either a conventional dose of fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FAC) or dose‐escalated FAC. The mean age of the patients was 46 years (range, 24–69 years). Nuclear grade, mitotic activity, and biomarker profile (Her2‐neu and mitosin expression patterns) in pretreatment tumors were correlated with the postchemotherapy pathologic response.RESULTSTwelve patients (15%) had a complete pathologic response (CPR), 23 patients (28%) had a near complete response (NCR), and 47 patients (57%) had significant residual disease present either at the primary site or in the axillary lymph nodes. The authors found that the nuclear grade and mitotic activity of pretreatment tumors were correlated significantly with CPR and NCR (P = 0.002 and P = 0.004). Mitosin also was correlated significantly with CPR and NCR (P = 0.028). A higher percentage of patients with Her2‐neu‐positive tumors had a CPR or an NCR (P = 0.152). CPR and NCR were not correlated significantly with disease stage (P = 0.186) or lymph node positivity (P = 0.498).CONCLUSIONSThe current results indicate that tumor nuclear grade and tumor proliferative activity (mitotic activity and mitosin immunostaining) of pretreatment tumors in patients with breast carcinoma may serve as important indicators for the pathologic responsiveness of tumors to neoadjuvant, anthracycline‐based chemotherapy. Cancer 2002;94:3107–14. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10585
Dopamine D2 receptors are present in prefrontal cortical afferents and their targets in patches of the rat caudate‐putamen nucleus
Authors: Wang Hong , Pickel Virginia M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractGlutamatergic neurons within the deep layers of the prefrontal cortex and dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta preferentially terminate in patch‐like regions within the caudate putamen nucleus (CPN). Activation of dopamine D2 receptors is known to potently modulate striatal glutamatergic transmission and may play a role in reward‐based motor learning. To determine the cellular substrate for D2‐mediated regulation of prefrontal corticostriatal transmission in striatal patches, we combined anterograde transport of biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) with immunogold‐silver labeling of a D2 receptor antipeptide antiserum in rat brain. Injections centered in deep layers of the dorsal part of the anterior cingulate cortex, one of the prefrontal cortical regions, produced varicose axonal BDA labeling in a patch‐like distribution in the dorsomedial CPN. Electron microscopy showed that in these patch compartments, BDA labeling was present exclusively in axons and terminals (total number = 581), 9% of which contained detectable D2‐like immunoreactivity. Thirty percent of the BDA‐labeled terminals formed asymmetric excitatory synapses with dendritic spine heads, and the remainder were without recognizable junctions. The recipient spines were unlabeled or contained immunogold–silver particles for D2 receptors. A few of the D2‐labeled spines also received convergent, often nonsynaptic contact from D2‐labeled terminals resembling dopaminergic afferents. In addition, the corticostriatal terminals often apposed spiny and nonspiny neuronal profiles that contained D2 labeling. These results suggest that dopamine D2 receptors are strategically positioned for presynaptic and postsynaptic modulation of prefrontal corticostriatal excitation of spiny neurons in striatal patches. The findings have direct implications for D2‐mediated control of reward‐related motor learning. J. Comp. Neurol. 442:392–404, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of orcokinins in single neurons in the stomatogastric nervous system of the crayfish, Cherax destructor
Authors: Skiebe Petra , Dreger Mathias , Meseke Maurice , Evers Jan Felix , Hucho Ferdinand 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe orcokinins are a highly conserved family of crustacean peptides that enhance hindgut contractions in the crayfish Orconectes limosus (Stangier et al. [1992] Peptides 13:859–864). By combining immunocytochemical and mass spectrometrical analysis of the stomatogastric nervous system (STNS) in the crayfish Cherax destructor, we show that multiple orcokinins are synthesized in single neurons. Immunocytochemistry demonstrated orcokinin‐like immunoreactivity in all four ganglia of the STNS and in the pericardial organs, a major neurohaemal organ. Identified neurons in the STNS were stained, including a pair of modulatory interneurons (inferior ventricular nerve neuron, IVN), a neuron with its cell body in the stomatogastric ganglion that innervates cardiac muscle c6 via the anterior median nerves (AM‐c6), and a sensory neuron (anterior gastric receptor neuron). Five orcokinin‐related peptides were identified by matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) post source decay fragmentation in samples of either the stomatogastric ganglion or the pericardial organs. Four of these peptides are identical to peptides derived from the cloned Procambarus clarkii precursor (Yasuda‐Kamatani and Yasuda [2000] Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 118:161–172), including the original [Asn13]‐orcokinin (NFDEIDRSGFGFN, [M+H]+ = 1,517.7 Da), [Val13]‐orcokinin ([M+H]+ = 1,502.7 Da), [Thr8‐His13]‐orcokinin ([M+H]+ = 1,554.8 Da), and FDAFTTGFGHS ([M+H]+ = 1,186.5 Da). The fifth peptide is a hitherto unknown orcokinin variant: [Ala8‐Ala13]‐orcokinin ([M+H]+ = 1,458.7 Da). The masses of all five peptides were also detected in the inferior ventricular nerve of C. destructor, which contains the cell bodies and axons of the IVNs as well as the axons of two other orcokinin‐like immunoreactive neurons. In the oesophageal nerve, in which all the orcokinin‐like immunoreactivity derives from the IVNs, at least two of the orcokinins were detected, indicating that multiple orcokinins are synthesized in these neurons. Similarly, all four orcokinin masses were detected in the anterior median nerves, in which all the orcokinin‐like immunoreactivity derives from the AM‐c6 neuron. This study therefore lays the groundwork to investigate the function of the orcokinin peptide family using single identified neurons in a well‐studied system. J. Comp. Neurol. 444:245–259, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enhanced fos expression in the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) brain following first courtship
Authors: Sadananda Monika , Bischof Hans‐Joachim 
Published: October 2002

AbstractYoung zebra finch males that court a female for the first time develop a stable preference for the females of that species. On the neuronal level, consolidation of the imprinted information takes place. Here we demonstrate that first courtship or being chased around in the cage leads to enhanced fos expression in forebrain areas implicated in learning and imprinting in zebra finch males compared with birds reared in isolation or in the aviary. Two of the forebrain areas highly active during first courtship (as demonstrated by the 14C‐2‐deoxyglucose technique), the imprinting locus latral neo/hyperstriatum ventrale (LNH) and the secondary visual area hyperstriatum accessorium/dorsale (HAD), demonstrate enhanced fos expression. Two other imprinting‐related areas, the medial neo/hyperstriatum ventrale (MNH) and archistriatum/neostriatum caudale (ANC), do show c‐fos induction; however, the areas are not congruous with those demarcated by the 2‐DG autoradiographic studies. Additional telencephalic areas include the olfactory lobe, the information storage site lobus parolfactorius (LPO), the memory site hippocampus, the auditory caudomedial neostriatum implicated in the strength of song learning, and the caudolateral neostriatum, which is comparable to the mammalian prefrontal cortex. In addition, c‐fos is induced by first courtship and chasing in neurosecretory cell groups of the preoptic area and hypothalamus associated with the repertoire of sexual behavior and stress or enhanced arousal. Enhanced fos expression is also observed in brainstem sources of specific (noradrenergic, catecholaminergic) and nonspecific (reticular formation) activating pathways with inputs to higher brain areas implicated in the imprinting process. Birds reared in isolation or alternatively in the aviary with social and sexual contact to conspecifics showed attenuated or no fos expression in most of the above‐mentioned areas. First courtship and chasing both lead to enhanced uptake of 2‐DG in the four imprinting areas, as well as subsequent changes in spine density—an anatomical manifestation of the imprinting process. fos expression in the imprinting and other telencephalic, preoptic, hypothalamic, and mesencephalic brain regions indicates processing of stimuli originating from exposure (like chasing) and the analysis of stimuli in a behaviorally relevant, sexually explicit context (like first courtship). c‐fos induction in these brain areas indicates its involvement in the triggering of neural changes that accompany the learning process of imprinting, leading eventually to alterations in dendritic spine density in the zebra finch. J. Comp. Neurol. 448:150–164, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐ Liss, Inc.