bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A removable use of FRP for the confinement of heritage masonry columns
Authors: Micelli Francesco , Cascardi Alessio , Aiello Maria Antonietta 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFor masonry structures in historical heritage with architecturally valuable features, such as frescoed surfaces, the application of structural reinforcement techniques appears to be very complex due to the requirements of removability and limited invasiveness. This is valid with reference to both traditional techniques and modern techniques, such as the external reinforcement with fibre-reinforced composite materials. In this scenario, the use of fibersreinforcedpolymers (FRPs) is drastically forbidden due to the use of epoxy-based matrix, which does not allow the removal of the intervention without damage of the substrate, even if the mechanical effectiveness of this system has been largely tested and proved. In fact, the reversibility is one of the most relevant aspects in the field of Heritage engineering. Thus, many efforts need to be spent in order to meet possible solutions, able to mitigate the risk, especially against seismic forces and other natural risks, while ensuring the conservation of the built heritage. This experimental research, which follows a first study on a smaller scale, aims to answer the question: how could a masonry column with frescoes and valuable surfaces be strengthened or repaired in a completely reversible manner?. Two strengthening methods were studied and are proposed herein by assuring the removability of the FRP-confinement of masonry columns. The first technique consists of a liquid adhesion inhibitor applied by brush before the hand lay-up installation of the FRP. The second is set by the interposition of a Mylar™ layer between the substrate and the FRP jacket. Uniaxial compression tests were performed in order to demonstrate the efficacy of the new strengthening techniques in increasing the axial strength (+ 39% and + 27% on average for the tuff- and limestone-based masonry, respectively) and displacement capacity (+ 32% and + 171% on average for the tuff- and limestone-based masonry, respectively) with respect to un-confined columns. Masonry columns FRP-confined with traditional wet lay-up were also tested for direct comparison. At a later moment, the FRP-jacket was removed to observe the substrate, which has been found effectively preserved from the adhesive, without any discoloration. The experimental results are extensively shown and discussed in the paper.
Investigating The Expression of ER, PR, And Ki-67 In Different Grades of Meningioma
Authors: Arash Dehghan  , Khadijeh Askari  , Hamidreza Ghasemi Basir  , Nasrin Jiriaei  
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Tumor grade is one of the significant factors in determining the prognosis of meningioma. Ki-67 is a marker expressed in the active phase of the cell cycle and indicates cell division and can be used as an auxiliary tool in determining the grade of meningioma. Steroid hormones are one of the factors that are effective in the pathogenesis of meningioma. This study evaluates the expression level of ER, PR, and ki-67 markers in different grades of meningioma.
Materials and Methods: In a descriptive study, slides, and paraffin blocks of 80 meningioma patients who underwent surgery over 10 years at Besat Hospital, Hamedan, were extracted from the patient’s medical records and were evaluated in terms of the expression of ER markers, PR and ki-67 after immunohistochemical staining. Results: In meningioma grades 1, 2, and 3, mean PR expression was 17.33, 11.66, and zero (P=0.033), respectively, and mean Ki-67 expression was 0.67, 5.22, and 10.50, respectively ( P<0.001), and mean ER expression was zero in all three grades. There was an inverse and significant correlation between tumor grade and PR rate (p=0.04, r=-0.21). Conclusion: ki-67 expression can be used as an auxiliary method in meningioma grading, and more PR positivity indicates lower grades, and thus, better tumor prognosis.
Evaluation of The Effect of Applying Anodal tDCS in The LPFC and RPFC Regions and 10x10, 25x25 and 50x50 Protocols on The Acquisition of Fear Extinction Memory and The Time Latency of The Activation of Fear Memory: An Animal Study of PTSD
Authors: Mohammad-Reza Vahed  , Mohammad Nasehia  , Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast  , Mahdieh Azizian  
Published: December 2023

tDCS method is considered as the first clinical method for the treatment and control of many mental disorders, including PTSD. In treatment of PTSD, the first step is to use a psychotherapy method called PE, which is based on creating fear extinction memory. In this research, we investigated the effect of tDCS method with TD=18, LPFC and RPFC areas and 10x10, 25x25 and 50x50 protocols on the acquisition of fear extinction memory and the time latency the fear memory activation. 90 NMRI male mice were used in the age range of 9-11 weeks. The mice were divided into three groups A, B and C. Each group was classified into three subgroups: Control, LPFC and RPFC. Results: except for group A, in groups B and C, there is a significant difference between LPFC and RPFC subgroups and the control subgroup It was also shown that a change in the protocol for formation fear extinction memory can cause a significant change in the ability to acquisition fear acquisition memory. Also, these results showed that tDCS stimulation of the LPFC and RPFC regions can cause opposite and significant changes in the time delay of fear memory activation. Conclusion: training protocols with more repetition and anodal tDCS in the LPFC can strengthen the formation of fear extinction memory and increase the time latency in the activation of the fear memory in the test or retrieval phase, and anodal tDCS in the RPFC and the use of training protocols with less repetition can produce the opposite results. Due to the importance of the obtained results, please refer to the suggestions section of the article.
UNDAMENTALS OF INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION IN THE REALM OF THE QUANTA
Authors: Reina John H. 
Published: December 2023

Information is a physical. Physical systems register and process information. These facts generated enormus interest in the development of novel quantum tecnologies, especially because the construction of smaller electronic devices ultimately leads to a consideration of quantum mechanical effects in electronic and computer desingns. The notion of the classical bit of information theory was formally pushed into the realm of the quanta with the introduction of the quantum bit or qubit, in the seminal works of Deutsch (Deutsch, 1985) and Shor (Shor, 1994). They demostrated that, indeed, controlled multipartite qubit interference effects could provide the means for a radical new way of computing, allowing the computation of many intractable computational problems, such as the factoring of large number or exact simulation of large quantum systems. The field of experimental and theoretical research in quantum information and computation has emerged as very important player in the understanding of quantum phenomena the both the basic and technological levels. This has attracted the attention of numerous researchers with backgrounds ranging from computer science, mathematics and engineerin, to the physical sciences, and we now have an interdisciplinary field where great efforts are being made in order to build devices that allow the progressing of information at a quantum level.
A concise introduction to the field of quantum information and quantum computation is presented. This stars with the bassic definitions of bits, quantum registers, through to the universal gate-set for building the universal quantum computer, from a quantum network model of computation. The work shows how two-qubit gates suffice for quantum computation, emphasing the power of the quantum circuit representation for entagling and disentagling quantum states. This leads to the “no-cloning theorem”, which leads us to many interesting applications, such as quantum cryptography. Two alternative approaches or performing quantum computation are also described i) the one-way or measurement based quantum computer method, and ii) holonomic or geometric quantum computation. Following this, quantum entaglement quantification is highlighted, particulary its usefulness as a communication resource, in order to describe some of its most celebrated practical applications to date: quantum teleportation, cryptography, dens coding, and data compression. Deutsch’s concept of quantum parallelism is enphasized in order to gain insight into the potential for efficiently solving certain classically intratable algorithms. A subject central to the field of QIP- quantum decoherence- is then introduced.. Possible ways to overcome it, in particular quantum error correction, are discussed. A descriptios of some of the currently available hardware of the practical implementation of quantum computation is provided with a discussion of the main physical quantum bits that are currently employed (or proposed) for a such a purpose.
LA HISTORIA CENOZOICA DEL FENÓMENO DE EL NIÑO
Authors: Martínez R José Ignacio 
Published: December 2023

Durante la era Cenozoica cuatro intervalos de tiempo: el Eoceno temprano (~50 Ma), el Plioceno temprano (~5-3 Ma), el ultimo glacial máximo (~20 ka) y el Holoceno (<10 ka), han sido examinados en detalle en un esfuerzo para entender el fenómeno de El Niño bajo diversas condiciones frontera. Para el Eoceno y Plioceno tempranos se argumenta la posible existencia de condiciones permanentes tipo - El Niño, mientras que para el ultimo glacial las evidencias de condiciones tipo - El Niño o La Niña son aun contradictorias. Solo para el Holoceno (después de ~6.6 ka) se reconoce el inicio del fenómeno de El Niño en su frecuencia actual, como también su posible relación con mecanismos forzantes como la radiación solar y la actividad volcánica. Se discuten las evidencias paleoceanográficas y continentales del fenómeno, así como también su posible relación con pulsos orogénicos en el norte de Suramérica.
CIMENTACIÓN DE LA FÓRMULA EMPÍRICA DE ÅNGSTRÖM REFERENTE A LA RADIACIÓN ATMOSFÉRICA EN SUPERFICIE
Authors: Pelkowski Joaquín 
Published: December 2023

En muchos campos prácticos, agrometeorología en particular, es preciso estimar la radiación atmosférica que llega al suelo, sobre la base de elementos meteorológicos de fácil acceso. La temperatura y humedad relativa, registradas regularmente al nivel de las garitas meteorológicas, han servido como parámetros de entrada en fórmulas empíricas que facilitan la estimación de la radiación devuelta por la atmósfera.Una de tales fórmulas, clásica como otras que llevan el nombre de su artífice, es la de Ångström. Las tentativas de fundamentarla teóricamente no son convincentes. En este ensayo se intenta nuevamente una fundamentación, partiendo de un modelo bipotámico de radiación infrarroja atmosférica.
Sobrevivência de Salmonella enterica às condições gástricas simuladas in vitro: papel dos fatores de adesão e resistência antibacteriana
Authors: Schmiedt Jhennifer Arruda , Santos Emanoelli Aparecida Rodrigues dos , Tadielo Leonardo Ereno , Coitinho Tatiane Barbosa , Rodrigues Carolina Dias , Bach Luiz Gustavo , Pinto Taís Luana , Pereira Juliano Gonçalves , Soares Vanessa Mendonça , Bellé Thiago Henrique , Barcellos Vinicius Cunha , Bersot Luciano dos Santos 
Published: December 2023

O estudo tem como objetivo verificar a capacidade de adesão e formação de biofilme de isolados de Salmonella spp. produtores de enzimas beta-lactamases de espectro estendido (ESBL), bem como a resistência de isolados produtores ou não de ESBL, frente às condições gástricas e intestinais simuladas in vitro. Foram utilizados 18 isolados de Salmonella spp. obtidos de cortes de frangos congelados produzidos no Estado do Paraná, Brasil. Os isolados produtores de ESBL foram avaliados de forma fenotípica e genotípica quanto a capacidade de adesão e formação de biofilme em lâminas de polipropileno. Além disso, todos os isolados foram submetidos a avaliação in vitro de resistência às condições gástricas e intestinais e após as simulações, realizadas contagens das células sobreviventes. Com relação à adesão e formação de biofilme, 13 isolados apresentaram essa capacidade. Quanto a tolerância às condições gástricas e intestinais, a quantificação de Salmonella spp. diminuiu (p<0,05) conforme a passagem do trato gastrointestinal. Em relação a comparação de isolados produtores e não produtores de ESBL, não houve diferença (p>0,05) na taxa de sobrevivência total. Os resultados demonstram que, apesar da diminuição da contagem de microrganismos conforme a passagem simulada pelos sucos gástricos e intestinais, a taxa de sobrevivência média total dos isolados de Salmonella spp. foi alta, o que permite inferir que os isolados possuem a capacidade de sobreviver às condições gastrointestinais simuladas, e ainda sim permaneceram em número capaz de causar infecção.
China’s “Belt and Road” and Indonesia: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Alamsyah Mirah Satria , Amalia Ridha 
Published: December 2023

Lately Indonesia and China are in a good relationship. At the same time, China launched the Belt and Road Initiative which is another form of ancient Silk Road. During the Silk Road era, Indonesia had an important role as a 'spice island'. So in line with the Belt and Road Initiative, China expects Indonesia to take part in this initiative. However, the good relationships between these two countries are not enough to predict the path of this initiative. Therefore this paper aims to discuss the Challenges and opportunities for Indonesia in the Belt and Road Initiative.
Karbon dots (C-dots) dari Bahan Hayati untuk Deteksi Logam Berat
Authors: Rahmi Cut Navita , Sugiarti Sri , Yuliani Alvian Dea 
Published: December 2023

<p>Pendeteksian logam berat pada limbah hasil industri perlu dilakukan untuk mencegah timbulnya penyakit apabila memasuki tubuh manusia. Salah satu bahan yang dapat digunakan untuk pendeteksian logam berat yaitu C-dots. C-dots yang berasal dari bahan hayati akan menghasilkan gugus fungsi yang dapat meningkatkan karakteristik optik C-dots agar lebih selektif dalam pendeteksian logam berat. Selain itu, penggunaan bahan hayati sebagai sumber C-dots akan memanfaatkan limbah sehingga mengurangi sampah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji nanopartikel karbon C-dots yang berasal dari sumber hayati sebagai pendeteksian logam berat. C-dots yang berasal dari sumber hayati sudah banyak diteliti sebagai deteksi logam berat secara selektif. Gugus fungsi pada permukaan C-dots akan menentukan interaksi spesifik antara C-dots dan masing-masing logam. Reaksi pengompleksan antara C-dots dengan ion logam cenderung mengikuti aturan sebagai berikut, ion logam yang keras akan cenderung mengikat ligan yang keras dan ion logam lunak cenderung mengikat lebih banyak ligan yang lunak. C-dots tersintesis dengan metode hidrotermal cenderung menghasilkan <em>quantum yield </em>dan intensitas fluoresensi yang lebih tinggi yang sensitif untuk deteksi logam berat.</p><p><strong></strong><strong>Carbon Dots (C-Dots) from Biomass for Heavy Metal Detection.</strong> Detecting heavy metals in industrial waste is necessary to prevent the disease from entering the human body. One of the materials that can be used to detect heavy metals is carbon dots (C-dots). C-dots derived from biological materials have functional groups that can improve their optical characteristics to be more selective in detecting heavy metals. In addition, using natural materials as a source of C-dots will utilize waste, thereby reducing waste. This study aims to review carbon nanoparticles derived from natural sources for detecting heavy metals. C-dots derived from biological sources have been widely studied as selective heavy metal detection. The functional groups on the surface of the C-dots will determine the specific interactions between the C-dots and each metal. The complex reaction between C-dots and metal ions tends to follow the rules: hard metal ions tend to bind to hard ligands, and soft metal ions tend to bind more to soft ligands. C-dots synthesized via the hydrothermal method tend to produce a higher quantum yield and fluorescence intensity that are sensitive to heavy metal detection. ️</p>
Improving Climate Adaptation Governance for Indigenous Communities: Lessons from Alaska Native Villages
Authors: Lezak Stephen , Rock Genevieve 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Climate adaptation for Indigenous communities is not as simple as making good policy; it is equally about how policy is implemented and how collaboration unfolds between settler governments and Indigenous stakeholders. Rural Alaska Native villages are among the most environmentally threatened communities in the United States. Their ability to effectively manage environmental change and preserve sovereignty depends upon successful collaboration with a range of stakeholders, especially federal agencies. For more than two decades, academics and government agencies have documented a consistent pattern of failures, particularly by federal actors, in effectively managing adaptation challenges. These obstacles are sometimes misrepresented as policy failures. While poor policy is certainly involved in these poor outcomes, this paper highlights a set of barriers to successful collaboration that are not policy issues, per se, but rather micropolitical issues; that is, they pertain to the conduct of government in the context of tribal relationships. Unaddressed, these micropolitical issues have created obstacles to Alaska Native communities’ self-determination as they adapt to a changing landscape. These barriers are explored in a case study drawn from Typhoon Merbok in 2022, which struck Western Alaska, and empirically grounded in a series of interviews and participant observation with experts, elders, elected officials, and tribal staff. This article concludes with several concrete recommendations to improve the practice of domestic diplomacy between Indigenous communities and colonial governments.
The impact of telomere length on prostate cancer aggressiveness, genomic instability and health disparities
Authors: Huang Ruotian , Bornman M.S. Riana , Stricker Phillip , Brum Ilma Simoni , Mutambirwa Shingai , Jaratlerdsiri Weerachai , Hayes Vanessa 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The telomere repetitive TTAGGG motif at the ends of chromosomes, serves to preserve genomic integrity and chromosomal stability. In turn, genomic instability is a hallmark of cancer - implicating telomere disturbance. Prostate cancer (PCa) shows significant ancestral disparities, with men of African ancestry at the greatest risk for aggressive disease and associated genomic instability. Yet, no study has explored the role of telomere length (TL) with respect to ancestrally driven PCa health disparities. Using patient-matched tumour-blood whole genome sequencing data for 179 ancestrally defined treatment naïve PCa patients (117 African, 62 European), we assessed for TL (blood and tumour) associations. We found shortened tumour TL to be associated with aggressive PCa presentation and elevated genomic instabilities, including percentage of genome alteration and copy number gains, in men of African ancestry. For European patients, tumour TL showed significant associations with PCa driver genes PTEN, TP53, MSH2, SETBP1 and DDX11L1, while shorter blood TL (< 3200 base pairs) and tumour TL (< 2861 base pairs) were correlated with higher risk for biochemical recurrence. Concurring with previous studies linking TL to PCa diagnosis and/or prognosis, for the first time we correlated TL differences with patient ancestry with important implications for future treatments targeting telomere dysfunction.
Women in research: A systematic re-review of WASH interventions to prevent diarrhea and acute respiratory infection in low and middle-income countries
Authors: Caruso Bethany , Ballard April , Sobolik Julia , Patrick Madeleine , Dsouza Janice , Sinharoy Sheela , Cumming Oliver , Wolf Jennyfer , Ray Isha 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions significantly reduce health risks in low- and middle-income countries. Many rely on women for their success but the extent of women’s engagement remains unclear. We conducted a re-review of papers from two systematic reviews that assessed effectiveness of water, sanitation, and/or handwashing with soap interventions on diarrheal disease and acute respiratory infections to assess women’s roles in WASH research and intervention activities (PROSPERO registration: CRD42022346360). 133 studies were included. Among studies that specified gender, women were the most targeted group for engagement in research (n = 91/132; 68.9%) and intervention (n = 49/120; 40.8%) activities. Reporting time burden for research (n = 1; 1%) and intervention activities (n = 3; 2.5%) was rare. All interventions were classified as gender-unequal (36.7%) or gender-blind (63.3%) according to the WHO Gender Responsiveness Assessment Scale, indicating exploitative engagement. Women play a critical but instrumental role in advancing WASH, which requires change to enable, not hinder, gender equality.
Characterization of NiOAg thin film applicated as photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye waste in Yogyakarta textile factory
Authors: Atmono Trimarji , Purwadi Agus , Taxwim Taxwim , Melati Asih , Sudjadi Usman 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Thin films NiOAg were growth onto glass substrates by RF sputtering technique at the Radio Frequency of 13.56 MHz with variation of oxygen pressure. The research was conducted about preparation and characterization of NiOAg thin films, applicated as a photocatalyst degradation of methylene blue. XRD analysis showed stronger intensity (111) and (200) planes at peak 2θ of 37.660 and 43,230. EDX analysis showed the following composition, Ni = 40.45%, Ag = 13.01%, and O = 46.53%. Based on UV-Vis, it was found the band gap energy of 2.8 eV, 3.1 eV and 3.2 eV, for oxygen pressure 0.05; 0.1 and 0.15 x 10 − 2 mbar, respectively. From the experiment of degradation of methylene blue, that was taken from textile factory dye waste in Yogyakarta/Indonesia, it was obtained the best value of degradation by 91.96%.