bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical behavior and degradation mechanism of lithium disilicate glass ceramics in acidic environment
Authors: Lakhloufi Soraya , Labjar Najoua , Labjar Houda , Serghini‐Idrissi Malika , El Hajjaji Souad 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIPS e.max Press, a lithium disilicate‐based glass ceramic, is renowned in dental restorations for its mechanical strength and aesthetic appeal. This study delves into its behavior within oral environments, employing electrochemical and surface analysis techniques. By utilizing cyclic polarization curves and impedance spectroscopy, we evaluated its degradation resistance. Surface morphology, composition, and crystal stability were explored through scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis. The glass ceramic exhibited robust resistance to localized degradation across all tested electrolytes. The degradation potential (Ecorr) varied with time and pH, indicating electrolyte influence. SEM/EDX affirmed oxide layer formation, while XRD confirmed a stable structure. While showcasing favorable resistance in saliva, citric acid, and lactic acid, IPS e.max Press demonstrated susceptibility to acetic acid. This comprehensive analysis enhances our understanding, providing valuable insights for the development of durable dental materials through a combination of electrochemical analysis and surface characterization.
Analysis of early clinical signs and risk factors for severe hemorrhagic cystitis after stem cell transplantation in children
Authors: Liu Pengtao , Bai Kaiping , Zhang Zhiyuan , Sun Jie 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionTo analyze the characteristics of early clinical symptoms of hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and the risk factors of severe HC.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 77 children with post‐HSCT HC treated at our hospital between June 2013 and June 2021. Clinical characteristics were collected and catalogued.ResultsAmong the children with urinary tract irritation symptoms (UTIS) as the first symptom, symptoms appeared earlier than hematuria symptoms (28 day vs. 31 day, p = 0.027), and the time progressing to severe HC was significantly longer in these children (12 day vs. 7 day, p = 0.038), but there was no significant difference in the number of participants (57.8% vs. 59.4%, p = 0.889). BK polyomavirus (BKV) infection was an independent risk factor (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.782, p = 0.035) for severe HC, which was also positively associated with multi‐viral infection (HR = 2.215, p = 0.020).ConclusionsIn HC children, when the first urinary tract symptom was UTIS, it appeared earlier than hematuria, and the time of progression to severe HC was significantly longer, suggesting that we still need more aggressive treatment for these children to prevent the worsening of symptoms. The severity of HC was positively correlated with BKV infection and multiple infections.
A parasitoid regulates 20E synthesis and antibacterial activity of the host for development by inducing host nitric oxide production
Authors: Dai Minli , Jiang Zhe , Li Fanchi , Wei Jing , Li Bing 
Published: January 2024

AbstractParasitoids are important components of the natural enemy guild in the biological control of insect pests. They depend on host resources to complete the development of a specific stage or whole life cycle and thus have evolved towards optimal host exploitation strategies. In the present study, we report a specific survival strategy of a fly parasitoid Exorista sorbillans (Diptera: Tachinidae), which is a potential biological control agent for agricultural pests and a pest in sericulture. We found that the expression levels of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and nitric oxide (NO) production in host Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) were increased after E. sorbillans infection. Reducing NOS expression and NO production with an NOS inhibitor (NG‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester hydrochloride) in infected B. mori significantly impeded the growth of E. sorbillans larvae. Moreover, the biosynthesis of 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E) in infected hosts was elevated with increasing NO production, and inhibiting NOS expression lowered 20E biosynthesis. More importantly, induced NO synthesis was required to eliminate intracellular bacterial pathogens that presumably competed for shared host resources. Inhibiting NOS expression down‐regulated the transcription of antimicrobial peptide genes and increased the number of bacteria in parasitized hosts. Collectively, this study revealed a new perspective on the role of NO in host–parasitoid interactions and a novel mechanism for parasitoid regulation of host physiology to support its development.
Macrophage expressed tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase 5 promotes pulmonary fibrosis progression
Authors: Bergwik Jesper , Bhongir Ravi Kiran Varma , Padra Médea , Adler Anna , Olm Franziska , Lång Pernilla , Lindstedt Sandra , Andersson Göran , Egesten Arne , Tanner Lloyd 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disorder involving scarring of pulmonary tissue and a subsequent decrease in respiratory capacity, ultimately resulting in death. Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase 5 (ACP5) plays a role in IPF but the exact mechanisms are yet to be elucidated. In this study, we have utilized various perturbations of the bleomycin mouse model of IPF including genetic knockout, RANKL inhibition, and macrophage adoptive transfer to further understand ACP5's role in pulmonary fibrosis. Genetic ablation of Acp5 decreased immune cell recruitment to the lungs and reduced the levels of hydroxyproline (reflecting extracellular matrix‐production) as well as histological damage. Additionally, gene expression profiling of murine lung tissue revealed downregulation of genes including Ccl13, Mmp13, and Il‐1α that encodes proteins specifically related to immune cell recruitment and macrophage/fibroblast interactions. Furthermore, antibody‐based neutralization of RANKL, an important inducer of Acp5 expression, reduced immune cell recruitment but did not decrease fibrotic lung development. Adoptive transfer of Acp5−/− bone marrow‐derived monocyte (BMDM) macrophages 7 or 14 days after bleomycin administration resulted in reductions of cytokine production and decreased levels of lung damage, compared to adoptive transfer of WT control macrophages. Taken together, the data presented in this study suggest that macrophage derived ACP5 plays an important role in development of pulmonary fibrosis and could present a tractable target for therapeutic intervention in IPF.
Touch and look: The role of affective touch in promoting infants' attention towards complex visual scenes
Authors: Carnevali Laura , Della Longa Letizia , Dragovic Danica , Farroni Teresa 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn a complex social environment, stimuli from different sensory modalities need to be integrated to decode communicative meanings. From very early in life, infants have to combine a multitude of sensory features with social and affective attributes. Of all senses, touch constitutes a privileged channel to carry affective‐motivational meanings and foster social connection. In the present study, we investigate whether sharing sensory stimulation that varies for its affective value differentially affects infants' attention towards visual stimuli. 6 to 11‐month‐old infants (N = 42) were familiarized with two characters respectively matched with tactile (affective or non‐affective) and auditory stimulation; then repeatedly exposed to scenes where the two characters moved towards target objects. Our results showed a main effect of stimulation (sound vs. touch) on looking times during familiarization, with longer looking times when sound is provided. During scenes presentation, a main effect of the type of touch (affective vs. non affective) emerged, with longer looking times in infants that previously experienced affective touch, suggesting that this sensory experience may critically engage the self and modulate infant attention. Overall, these findings suggest that while sound acts as attention getter, affective touch supports sustained attention towards complex visual scenes beyond the stimulation period itself.
Structural, microstructure, spectroscopic, and magnetic investigation of vanadium‐doped SrTiO3 perovskite ceramics
Authors: Yadav Vedika , Cheema Harshpreet , Alvi Parvez Ahmad , Dev Jai , Kushwaha Pallavi , Kumar Upendra 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this study, we provide the synthesis and analysis of the structure, microstructure, and spectroscopic properties of V‐doped SrTiO3. The monophasic samples were made using the usual ceramic method, which involved calcination at temperatures of 1000°C and 1300°C. The X‐ray diffraction analysis, combined with the Rietveld refinement, conclusively demonstrates that they have crystallized in a cubic structure, namely under the space group . The inclusion of vanadium (V) at the titanium (Ti) site has been investigated by evaluating the size of the crystallite and grain. The investigation of dielectric and dissipation factors at different frequencies indicates the existence of interfacial and orientational polarization. Two distinct conduction and relaxation processes were identified within the temperature range examined based on the spectroscopic plot. The presence of a paramagnetic phase in the samples, caused by the presence of V and its magnetic interaction with oxygen vacancies, indicates that it can be classified as a soft magnetic material. The electrode's consistent dielectric constant and dissipation factor make it well‐suited for use in supercapacitor dielectric capacitors. Additionally, its mixed‐type conduction, involving both ionic and electronic conduction, makes it excellent for use as electrode materials in intermediate‐temperature solid oxide fuel cells’ applications.
Are the diagnostic rates of autistic females increasing? An examination of state‐wide trends
Authors: Harrop Clare , Tomaszewski Brianne , Putnam Orla , Klein Claire , Lamarche Elena , Klinger Laura 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundAutism has been considered a ‘male‐dominant’ condition. However, recent research suggests that autistic females are underdiagnosed, misdiagnosed, and later diagnosed. Females may also have different and more nuanced behavioral profiles. To examine diagnosis rates of females, we used 20 years of state‐wide data to characterize historical trends in the diagnosis of autism in females to determine whether the proportion of females diagnosed with autism has changed over time.MethodsData were drawn from 10,247 participants (males = 8,319, females = 1928) who received an autism diagnosis between 2000 and 2021 from state‐wide autism centers associated with the University of North Carolina TEACCH Autism Program.ResultsThe rates of females diagnosed with autism increased at a greater rate compared with males. Age of diagnosis remained consistently higher for females. Late diagnosis (defined as 13+) increased over time across both males and females, however, was more commonly associated with females, particularly those with co‐occurring intellectual disability.ConclusionsOur results indicate that the proportion of females diagnosed with autism has increased steadily over a 20‐year period, which likely reflects greater societal knowledge of how autism may manifest differentially in females.
A Dual‐Purpose Model for Binary Data: Estimating Ability and Misconceptions
Authors: Ma Wenchao , Sorrel Miguel A. , Zhai Xiaoming , Ge Yuan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMost existing diagnostic models are developed to detect whether students have mastered a set of skills of interest, but few have focused on identifying what scientific misconceptions students possess. This article developed a general dual‐purpose model for simultaneously estimating students' overall ability and the presence and absence of misconceptions. The expectation‐maximization algorithm was developed to estimate the model parameters. A simulation study was conducted to evaluate to what extent the parameters can be accurately recovered under varied conditions. A set of real data in science education was also analyzed to examine the viability of the proposed model in practice.
The Effect of Virtual Reality On Pain and Anxiety Management During Pelvic Examination: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kurt Gülay , Ozcan Neslihan Keser 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionIt is important for health care professionals to address women's pain and anxiety during pelvic examinations. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of virtual reality (VR) on pain and anxiety management during pelvic examinations.MethodsThe study was a randomized controlled clinical trial reported in according to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials 2010 Guidelines. The research was conducted with 128 women (64 intervention, 64 control) who received care at a tertiary hospital outpatient clinic between November 2021 and February 2022. The intervention group received VR application via virtual glasses during pelvic examination, while the control group received routine care. Anxiety was measured using the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory before and after the pelvic examination, and the Visual Analog Scale was used to assess pain after the pelvic examination. The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05545488).ResultsThe mean anxiety scores of the women in the intervention and control groups were similar pretest (59.00 and 57.77). The mean anxiety score decreased after the pelvic examination to 36.53 in the intervention group and 47.55 in the control group. Results indicated a significant main effect for group assignment (F9.56; η2 = .071; P = .002), a significant main effect for time (F384.14; η2 = .753; P < .001), and a significant interaction between group and time (F53.95; η2 = .300; P < .001). Pain scores after the pelvic examination were lower in the intervention group (4.25) than in the control group (6.41; P < .001).ConclusionVR was effective in the management of pain and anxiety during pelvic examination. Future studies should compare the effectiveness of VR with other methods in reducing pain and anxiety during a pelvic examination.
Metal dyshomeostasis in the substantia nigra of patients with Parkinson's disease or multiple sclerosis
Authors: Carmona Asuncion , Carboni Eleonora , Gomes Lucas Caldi , Roudeau Stéphane , Maass Fabian , Lenz Christof , Ortega Richard , Lingor Paul 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAbnormal metal distribution in vulnerable brain regions is involved in the pathogenesis of most neurodegenerative diseases, suggesting common molecular mechanisms of metal dyshomeostasis. This study aimed to compare the intra‐ and extra‐neuronal metal content and the expression of proteins related to metal homeostasis in the substantia nigra (SN) from patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and control subjects. Metal quantification was performed via ion‐beam micro‐analysis in neuromelanin‐positive neurons and the surrounding tissue. For proteomic analysis, SN tissue lysates were analyzed on a nanoflow chromatography system hyphenated to a hybrid triple‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer. We found increased amounts of iron in neuromelanin‐positive neurons and surrounding tissue in patients with PD and MS compared to controls (4‐ to 5‐fold higher) that, however, also showed large inter‐individual variations. Copper content was systematically lower (−2.4‐fold) in neuromelanin‐positive neurons of PD patients compared with controls, whereas it remained unchanged in MS. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analyses revealed clusters related to Fe and Cu homeostasis among PD‐deregulated proteins. An enrichment for the term “metal homeostasis” was observed for MS‐deregulated proteins. Important deregulated hub proteins included hemopexin and transferrin in PD, and calreticulin and ferredoxin reductase in MS. Our findings show that PD and MS share commonalities in terms of iron accumulation in the SN. Concomitant proteomics experiments revealed PPI networks related to metal homeostasis, substantiating the results of metal quantification.
Beverage consumption and facial skin aging: Evidence from Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Liu Xuanchen , Li Xin , Ma Jiguang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundObservational studies have linked coffee, alcohol, tea, and sugar‐sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption to facial skin aging. However, confounding factors may influence these studies. The present two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) investigated the potential causal association between beverage consumption and facial skin aging.MethodsThe single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with coffee, alcohol, and tea intake were derived from the IEU project. The SSB‐associated SNPs were selected from a genome‐wide association study (GWAS). Data on facial skin aging were derived from the largest GWAS involving 16 677 European individuals. The inverse variance‐weighted (IVW) was the main MR analysis method, supplemented by other methods (MR‐Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode). The MR‐Egger intercept analysis was used for sensitivity analysis. Moreover, we conducted a replication analysis using data from another GWAS dataset on coffee consumption to validate our findings.ResultsFour instrumental variables (IVs) sets were used to examine the causal association between beverage consumption (coffee, alcohol, tea, SSB) and facial skin aging. Our results revealed that genetically predicted higher coffee consumption reduced the risk of facial skin aging (OR: 0.852; 95% CI: 0.753–0.964; p = 0.011, IVW method). The sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the findings, with no evidence of pleiotropy or heterogeneity. The results of replicated MR analysis on coffee consumption were consistent with the initial analysis (OR = 0.997; 95% CI = 0.996–0.999; p = 0.003, IVW method).ConclusionsThis study manifests that higher coffee consumption is significantly associated with a reduced risk of facial skin aging. These findings can offer novel strategies for identifying the underlying etiology of facial skin aging.
Subcutaneous infection caused by Mycobacterium abscessus following botulinum toxin injections: A case report and literature review
Authors: Ou Yanting , Liu Dandan , Feng Jun , Xu Xiangwen , Lin Tingyin , Zhang Yihan , Luo Lin , Wu Mengfan , Cui Yongyan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe rapid development of cosmetic injections has led to an increased incidence of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection.Patients and MethodsHere, we presented a case of cutaneous Mycobacterium abscessus infection subsequent to botulinum toxin injection for treating masseter hypertrophy, and reviewed the literature on skin and soft tissue infections caused by NTM after cosmetic injections.Results and ConclusionsThe patient underwent surgical excision and regular antibiotic therapy and has had nearly 2 months of follow‐up without any signs of infection. The diagnosis and treatment of NTM infection have always been challenging, and further research is needed to standardize and guide the treatment.
Exploring How Teachers' Scientific Questions Differ by Child Gender in a Preschool Classroom
Authors: Kumar Sona C. , Haber Amanda S. , Corriveau Kathleen H. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe current study explores differences in messages that preschool teachers send girls and boys about science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM). Video footage of a preschool classroom (16 hr; N = 6 teachers; 20 children) was transcribed. Teachers' questions were coded for question‐type and whether the question was directed to a boy or a girl. Teachers directed significantly more scientific questions to boys than to girls. However, boys spent more time than girls in the science areas of the classroom and teachers directed questions to boys and girls at similar rates. These findings highlight how as early as the preschool years, girls and boys may receive different messages about how to approach science.
Inter‐observer reliability of the Onychomycosis Severity Index depending on clinical experience: A review of 50 cases
Authors: Navarro‐Pérez David , García‐Oreja Sara , Tardáguila‐García Aroa , León‐Herce Diego , Álvaro‐Afonso Francisco Javier , Lázaro‐Martínez José Luis 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundOnychomycosis (ONM) is the most prevalent nail unit pathology, and its severity and monitoring are often based on the visual judgement of clinicians.ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to assess the reliability of the Onychomycosis Severity Index (OSI) classification when utilized by three clinicians with varying levels of clinical experience: an experienced podiatrist (with 5 years of experience), a moderately experienced podiatrist (with 2 years of experience) and an inexperienced podiatrist (a recent graduate familiar with the OSI classification but lacking clinical experience). Additionally, we compared the severity assessments made through visual inspection with those determined using the OSI by different clinicians.MethodsWe evaluated reliability using the intraclass correlation index (ICC), analysing 50 images of ONM.ResultsThe OSI demonstrated a very high level of reliability (ICC: 0.889) across clinicians, irrespective of their experience levels. Conversely, a statistically significant increase in severity was observed when comparing visual assessments with the OSI (p < .001) for ONM severity evaluation.ConclusionThe OSI proves to be a reproducible classification system, regardless of the clinical experience of the practitioner employing it.
Molecular skin fluorescence imaging: A tool for evaluating early melanoma development
Authors: Shachaf Amit , Manbeck Kevin , Yang Guang , Shachaf Catherine 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA novel approach to melanoma diagnosis—in vivo molecular skin fluorescence imaging (mSFI)—was developed to identify premalignant changes in the form of tissue remodeling related to melanoma development in humans by imaging the proximal microenvironment of lesions. The method was tested using a fluorescent peptide (ORL‐1) which binds to αvβ3 integrin, a molecule associated with invasive melanoma development. A cut off score of 7 was established, differentiating melanomas from nonmelanoma nevi with 100% sensitivity, and 95.7% specificity, while identifying dysplastic nevi with the potential for melanoma development.
No one is going to recess: How children evaluate collective and targeted punishment
Authors: Thomas Sarah , Kelsey Caroline , Vaish Amrisha 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study examined children's responses to targeted and collective punishment. Thirty‐six 4–5‐year‐olds and 36 6–7‐year‐olds (36 females; 54 White; data collected 2018–2019 in the United States) experienced three classroom punishment situations: Targeted (only transgressing student punished), Collective (one student transgressed, all students punished), and Baseline (all students transgressed, all punished). The older children evaluated collective punishment as less fair than targeted, whereas younger children evaluated both similarly. Across ages, children distributed fewer resources to teachers who administered collective than targeted punishment, and rated transgressors more negatively and distributed fewer resources to transgressors in Collective and Targeted than Baseline. These findings demonstrate children's increasing understanding of punishment and point to the potential impact of different forms of punishment on children's social lives.