bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is Neutrality Possible? A Critique of the CJEU on Headscarves in the Workplace from a Comparative Perspective
Authors: Tourkochoriti Ioanna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This Article discusses critically and from a comparative perspective the idea of neutrality mentioned in the two recent decisions of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) on headscarves in the workplace. The decisions indicate a trend common in many European states that shows little willingness to accommodate for the manifestation of religion in the public sphere. This Article discusses the criteria posed in the decisions on the permissibility of limiting the wearing of headscarves in the workplace and compares them to those used by courts and equality commissions in the United States. It makes a normative argument on what the CJEU should have said in its decisions in order to provide more concrete guidance to national courts. The concept of neutrality, as understood in certain CJEU and European Court of Human Rights cases actually discriminates against some religious groups. It is impossible to be neutral in these issues because neutrality is culturally defined and has a disparate impact in its application upon minority religious groups. This is due to the dominant understanding of neutrality towards religion or secularism in Europe. This understanding should change due to the incoming waves of immigrants that should be integrated. For a number of social and historical reasons there is in the United States greater tolerance for religious expression in the workplace and in the public sphere more generally. The U.S. approach accommodates a spectrum of religious interests and operates to integrate minority religious groups rather than to exclude them. Understanding the philosophical ideas which underlie the differences in the law can inspire a normative reflection on the proper criteria to balance the employee’s freedom of religion and the employers’ rights to define their business. The American approach on headscarves in the workplace is preferable to the European on a deontological and a consequentialist basis as it provides a better accommodation of the relevant interests. It is furthering inclusion in the labor market through respect of differences that allows human flourishing.
Involuntary social isolation and alcohol consumption: an ecological momentary assessment in Germany amid the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Haucke Matthias , Heinzel Stephan , Liu Shuyan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Aims
Alcohol consumption often occurs in a social setting, which was affected by social distancing measures amid the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In this study, we examine how involuntary social isolation (i.e. comparing a no-lockdown stage with a lockdown stage) affects the association between loneliness, social activities, and drinking behavior.

Method
We performed an ecological momentary assessment eight times per day for 7 days amid the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. We recruited 280 participants and assessed their trait loneliness, daily state loneliness, social activities, and drinking behaviors.

Results
We found that a lockdown condition moderates the association between trait and daily state loneliness and alcohol consumption. During a lockdown stage, trait loneliness was positively associated, whereas state loneliness was negatively associated with alcohol consumption. During a no-lockdown stage, trait and state loneliness were both negatively associated with alcohol consumption. For both no-lockdown and lockdown stages, duration of social interaction, male gender, and weekends was positively associated with alcohol consumption.

Conclusion
Our study suggests that an involuntary social isolation condition (i.e. a lockdown stage) changes how trait loneliness is associated with alcohol consumption.
The Use of Carboxytherapy for the Treatment of Deep Partial-Thickness Skin Burns After Circumferential and High-Definition Liposuction: Promising Clinical Results in 5 Consecutive Cases
Authors: Waked Karl , Kierdaj Monika , Aslani Alexander 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Literature on skin burn treatment after liposuction is limited. To date, no publication has discussed possible treatments for this complication despite its relatively frequent incidence.

Objectives
The objective of this study is to report the early experiences of the use of carboxytherapy for the treatment of Grade IIB partial-thickness skin burns after liposuction. We aim to analyze its potential beneficial effects on wound healing and skin pigmentation, without the need for additional corrective surgery or permanent scarring.

Methods
Five patients who showed Grade IIB skin burns within 24 h after circumferential and high-definition liposuction were treated with carboxytherapy. Wound healing was evaluated after 1 and 2 weeks. Scar formation and skin pigmentation were evaluated after 3 months.

Results
Carboxytherapy treatments were either performed every day or every other day for 1 or 2 weeks, depending on the wound healing. At 2 weeks postoperatively, all skin burns showed complete or near-complete healing. At 3 months, there were no zones of hypertrophic scarring or skin contracture. No complications with regard to the carboxytherapy treatment were observed.

Conclusions
Carboxytherapy is an easy-to-use, affordable, and safe treatment for Grade IIB skin burns postliposuction. Its known influence on neo-angiogenesis and oxygen release in a hypoxic environment has beneficial effects on wound healing and avoidance of hypertrophic scarring and skin hyperpigmentation after skin burns. It can potentially become a useful addition for surgeons who perform liposuction and body contouring. Further studies with larger numbers of patients are necessary to determine its full potential.

Level of Evidence: 4
Automated exploitation of deep learning for cancer patient stratification across multiple types
Authors: Sun Pingping , Fan Shijie , Li Shaochuan , Zhao Yingwei , Lu Chang , Wong Ka-Chun , Li Xiangtao 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Motivation
Recent frameworks based on deep learning have been developed to identify cancer subtypes from high-throughput gene expression profiles. Unfortunately, the performance of deep learning is highly dependent on its neural network architectures which are often hand-crafted with expertise in deep neural networks, meanwhile, the optimization and adjustment of the network are usually costly and time consuming.

Results
To address such limitations, we proposed a fully automated deep neural architecture search model for diagnosing consensus molecular subtypes from gene expression data (DNAS). The proposed model uses ant colony algorithm, one of the heuristic swarm intelligence algorithms, to search and optimize neural network architecture, and it can automatically find the optimal deep learning model architecture for cancer diagnosis in its search space. We validated DNAS on eight colorectal cancer datasets, achieving the average accuracy of 95.48%, the average specificity of 98.07%, and the average sensitivity of 96.24%, respectively. Without the loss of generality, we investigated the general applicability of DNAS further on other cancer types from different platforms including lung cancer and breast cancer, and DNAS achieved an area under the curve of 95% and 96%, respectively. In addition, we conducted gene ontology enrichment and pathological analysis to reveal interesting insights into cancer subtype identification and characterization across multiple cancer types.

Availability and implementation
The source code and data can be downloaded from https://github.com/userd113/DNAS-main. And the web server of DNAS is publicly accessible at 119.45.145.120:5001.
Claustral colony founding is limited by body condition: experimental feeding increases brood size of Lasius niger queens (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Szabó Norbert , Nagy Jenő , Tartally András 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ants can found colonies in different ways. One is by claustral colony foundation, when fertilized queens typically have enough nutrients reserved in their bodies to raise the first ‘nanitic’ worker generation without any foraging activity. This colony-foundation strategy evolved in response to selective pressures (e.g. predators), but it limits the number of nanitic workers. We, therefore, assumed that fed queens might initially rear more nanitic workers, although feeding might also be associated with risks and stress. In this study, we analysed the effects of stress and different diets during the colony-foundation period on the success of colony founding by claustral black garden ant Lasius niger (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) queens. Our findings confirm that regularly fed claustral ant queens raise more pupae and workers, reflecting that limited brood size is a cost of safety behaviour for claustral ant queens. There is another notable aspect of our findings for laboratories: in order to maximize the size of the nanitic worker generation, they can feed claustral ant queens with crickets.
Targeting amyotrophic lateral sclerosis by neutralizing seeding-competent TDP-43 in CSF
Authors: Audrain Mickael , Egesipe Anne-Laure , Tentillier Noémie , Font Laure , Ratnam Monisha , Mottier Lorene , Clavel Mathieu , Le Roux-Bourdieu Morgan , Fenyi Alexis , Ollier Romain , Chevalier Elodie , Guilhot Florence , Fuchs Aline , Piorkowska Kasia , Carlyle Becky , Arnold Steven E , Berry James D , Luthi-Carter Ruth , Adolfsson Oskar , Pfeifer Andrea , Kosco-Vilbois Marie , Seredenina Tamara , Afroz Tariq 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a disease driven by abnormal transactive response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa aggregation, CSF may contain pathological species of transactive response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa contributing to the propagation of pathology and neuronal toxicity. These species, released in part by degenerating neurons, would act as a template for the aggregation of physiological protein contributing to the spread of pathology in the brain and spinal cord. In this study, a robust seed amplification assay was established to assess the presence of seeding-competent transactive response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa species in CSF of apparently sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. These samples resulted in a significant acceleration of substrate aggregation differentiating the kinetics from healthy controls. In parallel, a second assay was developed to determine the level of target engagement that would be necessary to neutralize such species in human CSF by a therapeutic monoclonal antibody targeting transactive response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa. For this, evaluation of the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic effect for the monoclonal antibody, ACI-5891.9, in vivo and in vitro confirmed that a CSF concentration of ≍1100 ng/mL would be sufficient for sustained target saturation. Using this concentration in the seed amplification assay, ACI-5891.9 was able to neutralize the transactive response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa pathogenic seeds derived from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patient CSF. This translational work adds to the evidence of transmission of transactive response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa pathology via CSF that could contribute to the non-contiguous pattern of clinical manifestations observed in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and demonstrates the ability of a therapeutic monoclonal antibody to neutralize the toxic, extracellular seeding-competent transactive response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa species in the CSF of apparently sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients.
Magistral Phage Preparations: Is This the Model for Everyone?
Authors: Pirnay Jean-Paul , Verbeken Gilbert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Phage therapy is increasingly put forward as a promising additional tool to help curb the global antimicrobial resistance crisis. However, industrially manufactured phage medicinal products are currently not available on the European Union and United States markets. In addition, it is expected that the business purpose–driven phage products that are supposed to be marketed in the future would mainly target commercially viable bacterial species and clinical indications, using fixed phage cocktails. hospitals or phage therapy centers aiming to help all patients with difficult-to-treat infections urgently need adequate phage preparations. We believe that national solutions based on the magistral preparation of personalized (preadapted) phage products by hospital and academic facilities could bring an immediate solution and could complement future industrially manufactured products. Moreover, these unlicensed phage preparations are presumed to be more efficient and to elicit less bacterial phage resistance issues than fixed phage cocktails, claims that need to be scientifically substantiated as soon as possible. Just like Belgium, other (European) countries could develop a magistral phage preparation framework that would exist next to the conventional medicinal product development and licensing pathways. However, it is important that the current producers of personalized phage products are provided with pragmatic quality and safety assurance requirements, which are preferably standardized (at least at the European level), and are tiered based on benefit–risk assessments at the individual patient level. Pro bono phage therapy providers should be supported and not stopped by the imposition of industry standards such as Good Manufacturing Practice requirements.
Keywords: antimicrobial resistance; antibiotic resistance; bacterial infection; bacteriophage therapy; magistral preparation.
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Obstacles for Phage Therapy From the Perspective of Clinical Practice
Authors: Międzybrodzki Ryszard , Kasprzak Hubert , Letkiewicz Sławomir , Rogóż Paweł , Żaczek Maciej , Thomas Jamon , Górski Andrzej 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Bacteriophages present unique features that enable targeted killing of bacteria, including strains resistant to many antibiotics. However, phage pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics constitute much more complex and challenging aspects for researchers than those attributable to antibiotics. This is because phages are not just chemical substances, but also biological nanostructures built of different proteins and genetic material that replicate within their bacterial hosts and may induce immune responses acting as simple antigens. Here, we present a few examples of how primary general assumptions on phage pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are verified by current preclinical and clinical observations, leading to conclusions that may not be obvious at first but are of significant value for the final success of phage therapy in humans.
Phage Therapy as a Novel Therapeutic for the Treatment of Bone and Joint Infections
Authors: Suh Gina A , Ferry Tristan , Abdel Matthew P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Solutions for bone and joint infection (BJI) are needed where conventional treatments are inadequate. Bacteriophages (phages) are naturally occurring viruses that infect bacteria and have been harnessed for refractory bone and joint infections (BJI) in many case reports. Here we examine the safety and efficacy of English-language published cases of BJI since 2010 with phage therapy. From 33 reported cases of BJI treated with phage therapy, 29 (87%) achieved microbiological or clinical success, 2 (5.9%) relapsed with the same organisms, and 2 (5.9%) with a different organism. Of these 4 relapses, all but 1 had eventual clinical resolution with additional surgery or phage treatments. Eight out of 33 cases (24%) reported mild, transient adverse events with no serious events reported. Further work is needed to understand the true efficacy of phages and the role of phages in BJI. Opportunities lay ahead for thoughtfully designed clinical trials adapted to individualized therapies.
Percutaneous embolization of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations in adult patient with Rendu–Osler–Weber: a case report
Authors: Schutyser Wouter , Budts Werner , Verhamme Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), or Rendu–Osler–Weber syndrome, is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the development of telangiectasias and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) throughout the body. We present a case of percutaneous embolization of pulmonary AVMs in an adult patient.

Case summary
A 26-year-old male patient with polycythaemia of unknown origin and a family history of secundum atrial septal defect underwent cardiac evaluation which revealed clubbing as a sign of peripheral cyanosis. Transthoracic echocardiography showed no intracardiac shunting, but further imaging revealed pulmonary AVMs in the lower lobe of the left lung. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain detected vascular-ischaemic lesions, likely due to embolization through the pulmonary malformations. Right heart catheterization and pulmonary angiography confirmed the presence of large AVMs in the left lower pulmonary lobe. Percutaneous closure using Amplatzer devices was performed, followed by temporary anticoagulation therapy. Oxygen saturation improved and follow-up imaging confirmed successful closure of the AVMs. Genetic testing using whole exome sequencing identified a mutation in the ENG gene, confirming the diagnosis of HHT.

Discussion
Our case highlights the importance of investigating both intra- and extracardiac shunting in patients with clinical features of right-to-left shunting. Arteriovenous malformations can serve as a pathway for paradoxical emboli, potentially leading to ischaemic brain events, and might cause pulmonary arterial hypertension. Screening for arteriovenous malformations in various organs and embolization of significant shunts are essential aspects of managing HHT. Genetic testing aids in confirming the diagnosis and guides family testing.
Network analysis of the social media activities around the #TeleCheckAF project
Authors: Betz Konstanze , Van Haren Joep , Duncker David , Manninger Martin , Lemmink Jos , Linz Dominik 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Aims
TeleCheck-AF is a novel remote on-demand mobile health infrastructure around teleconsultations for patients with atrial fibrillation. Social media (SoMe) communication on Twitter contributed to the dissemination of this healthcare innovation by using the hashtag #TeleCheckAF. This study aims to analyse the SoMe network behind #TeleCheckAF and determine the key opinion leaders.

Methods and results
Publicly available data on actors and interactions around the hashtag #TeleCheckAF were collected by web scraping from the platform Twitter. With tools based on social network analysis, a social network was created, different communities were identified, and key opinion leaders were determined by their centrality in the network. The SoMe network consisted of 413 086 accounts with 636 502 ties in 22 different communities. A total of 287 accounts that diffused information and/or used the TeleCheck-AF infrastructure were analysed in depth. Those accounts involved users from &gt;15 different countries and multidisciplinary professions. Further, 20 opinion leaders were identified, including four official accounts of societies and associated journals among key opinion leaders. Peaks in #TeleCheckAF tweets were seen after (virtual) conferences and other activities involving national and international cardiology societies. Social network analysis of the TeleCheck-AF Twitter hashtag revealed a wide, multidisciplinary potential reach for the diffusion of a healthcare innovation.

Conclusion
Official society SoMe accounts can amplify the dissemination of research findings by featuring abstract presentations during conferences and published manuscripts. This underlines the synergistic effects between traditional and SoMe-based research dissemination strategies for novel healthcare approaches, such as the TeleCheck-AF project.
Video-assisted thoracic surgery or thoracotomy for lung cancer surgery in obese patients? An analysis of the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons database
Authors: Guerrera Francesco , Brunelli Alessandro , Falcoz Pierre-Emmanuel , Filosso Pier Luigi , Szanto Zalan , Lausi Paolo Olivo , Filippini Claudia , Lyberis Paraskevas , Rosboch Giulio Luca , Ruffini Enrico 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
There is a lack of evidence on whether perioperative outcomes differ in obese patients after video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) or open lobectomy. We queried the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons database to assess morbidity and postoperative length of hospital stay in obese patients submitted to VATS and open pulmonary lobectomy for non-small-cell lung cancer.

METHODS
We collected all consecutive patients from 2007 to 2021 submitted to lobectomy through VATS or thoracotomy with a body mass index greater than or equal to 30. An intention-to-treat analysis was carried out. Primary outcomes were morbidity rate, mortality and postoperative length of stay (LOS). Differences in outcomes were assessed through univariable, multivariable-adjusted and propensity score-matched analysis.

RESULTS
Out of a total of 78 018 patients submitted to lung lobectomy, 13 999 cases (17.9%) were considered in the analysis, including 5562 VATS lobectomies and 8437 thoracotomy lobectomies. The VATS group showed a lower complication rate (23.2% vs 30.2%, P &lt; 0.001), mortality (0.8% vs 1.5%, P &lt; 0.001) and postoperative LOS (median 5 vs 7 days, P &lt; 0.001). After propensity score matching, the VATS approach confirmed a lower complication rate (24.7% vs 29.7%, P = 0.002) and postoperative LOS (median 5 vs 7 days, P &lt; 0.001). Moreover, these results were consistently observed when analyzing the severe obese subgroup (body mass index 35–39.9) and morbid obese subgroup (body mass index ≥40).

CONCLUSIONS
In obese patients with non-small cell lung cancer, VATS lobectomy was found to be associated with improved postoperative outcomes than open lobectomy. Consequently, it should be considered the approach of choice for the Obese population.
Matching variants for functional characterization of genetic variants
Authors: Cevik Sebiha , Zhao Pei , Zorluer Atiyye , Pir Mustafa S , Bian Wenyin , Kaplan Oktay I 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Rapid and low-cost sequencing, as well as computer analysis, have facilitated the diagnosis of many genetic diseases, resulting in a substantial rise in the number of disease-associated genes. However, genetic diagnosis of many disorders remains problematic due to the lack of interpretation for many genetic variants, especially missenses, the infeasibility of high-throughput experiments on mammals, and the shortcomings of computational prediction technologies. Additionally, the available mutant databases are not well-utilized. Toward this end, we used Caenorhabditis elegans mutant resources to delineate the functions of eight missense variants (V444I, V517D, E610K, L732F, E817K, H873P, R1105K, and G1205E) and two stop codons (W937stop and Q1434stop), including several matching variants (MatchVar) with human in ciliopathy associated IFT-140 (also called CHE-11)//IFT140 (intraflagellar transport protein 140). Moreover, MatchVars carrying C. elegans mutants, including IFT-140(G680S) and IFT-140(P702A) for the human (G704S) (dbSNP: rs150745099) and P726A (dbSNP: rs1057518064 and a conflicting variation) were created using CRISPR/Cas9. IFT140 is a key component of IFT complex A (IFT-A), which is involved in the retrograde transport of IFT along cilia and the entrance of G protein-coupled receptors into cilia. Functional analysis of all 10 variants revealed that P702A and W937stop, but not others phenocopied the ciliary phenotypes (short cilia, IFT accumulations, mislocalization of membrane proteins, and cilia entry of nonciliary proteins) of the IFT-140 null mutant, indicating that both P702A and W937stop are phenotypic in C. elegans. Our functional data offered experimental support for interpreting human variants, by using ready-to-use mutants carrying MatchVars and generating MatchVars with CRISPR/Cas9.