bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diurnal Variability of the Upper Ocean Simulated by a Climate Model
Authors: Reeves Eyre J. E. Jack , Zhu Jieshun , Kumar Arun , Wang Wanqiu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe use a version of the NOAA Climate Forecast System with enhanced (up to 1‐m) ocean model vertical resolution to investigate the mean diurnal cycles of upper ocean temperature and currents. The model sea surface temperature diurnal cycle agrees well with a global observational analysis. The simulated time‐depth profiles of temperature and current also match closely observations from densely instrumented moorings in the tropical Pacific. Our analyses provide new insights into subsurface ocean diurnal cycles. Significant temperature diurnal range occurs, with seasonal modulation, at depths greater than 10 m across broad areas of the subtropical and midlatitude oceans. Significant current diurnal cycles are evident below 30 m across parts of the tropics, including in areas where deep‐cycle turbulence has been observed.
Roles of the Tibetan Plateau and Yunnan‐Guizhou Plateau in the Regional Extreme Precipitation Over Sichuan Basin in Summer: A Case Study
Authors: Xu Xiaoke , Huang Anning , Zhao Wei , Yang Ben , Xue Daokai , Zhang Yan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe roles of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and Yunnan‐Guizhou Plateau (YGP) in regional precipitation extremes over the Sichuan Basin (SCB) in summer under specific circulation background remain unclear. This study quantifies the impact of TP or YGP on the regional extreme precipitation event (REPE) which occurred during 04:00 Beijing time (BJT) on 11 August to 03:00 BJT on 13 August 2020 with a rainfall center located in the western SCB based on numerical experiments. Results show that the accumulated precipitation regionally averaged over the western SCB during the REPE can be reduced by 84% (51%) when the TP (YGP) is absent, and the decreased precipitation is mainly caused by the reduced stratus precipitation. Mechanism analysis indicates that relative to the control experiment including the TP and YGP, the absence of TP or YGP leads to reduced temperature over the SCB induced by anomalous cold advection from the upstream regions where the terrains are removed, and further results in much more stable stratification and thereafter weakens the ascending motions and reduces the stratus precipitation over the western SCB. On the other hand, the absence of TP or YGP induces an anomalous anti‐cyclone at 850 hPa over SCB, which further weakens both the uplift effect of terrain on airflow along the windward slope and water vapor transport over the western SCB and thereafter reduces the precipitation over this region. This study deepens the understanding of the topographic effect on regional extreme precipitation over SCB in summer from the thermodynamic and dynamic processes.
Detection of Subsurface Density Structures of the Aristarchus Plateau by Gravity Inversion
Authors: Liang Feng , Amrouche Mohamed , Yan Jianguo , Saibi Hakim 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Aristarchus plateau, located at the center of Oceanus Procellarum, exhibits one of the most complex volcanic features on the Moon. To understand the subsurface three‐dimensional density distribution under the Aristarchus plateau, we performed gravity inversion using high‐resolution gravity data obtained from the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory mission. Our inversion results indicate the presence of a strong lateral density differentiation, with some positive and negative density anomalies possibly exhibiting a correlation with the volcanic features observed on the surface. A linear high‐density anomaly near the Cobra Head magma source and an elliptical high‐density anomaly both exactly match the surface basaltic exposures observable in the remote sensing data. We executed the density separation to extract low‐density anomalies of the whole plateau and removed most of the density artifacts. The low‐density anomalies display elevated terrain evidence of multiple “semi‐ring” structures, suggesting the location of buried remnants of crater rims. The Aristarchus crater has a central low‐density anomaly in the exact size and shape of the later‐formed impact crater. This anomaly is consistent with the high crater porosity produced by extensive impact‐generated fracturing and dilatant bulking, though the observed gravity and density anomalies are greater in magnitude than expected for this process. The remote sensing data expose high‐silica material in the crater rim, implying that the young crater excavated an underlying layer containing both plagioclase and Si‐rich materials, and indicating that the local uplift of feldspathic and/or silicic materials also contributes to the high amplitude of the low‐density anomaly in the Aristarchus crater.
Seismic Monitoring and Geomorphic Impacts of the Catastrophic 2018 Baige Landslide Hazard Cascades in the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Tan Yen Joe , Walter Fabian , He Siming , Chmiel Małgorzata , Su Jinrong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSurface hazards can form hazard cascades which expand their reach. However, our understanding of their complex dynamics and ability to mitigate their impacts remain limited. In 2018, two landslides dammed the Jinsha River in the Tibetan plateau and formed landslide‐dammed lakes. Subsequent dam breaches prompted the evacuation of >120,000 people. An early warning system for floods using a regional seismic network has been proposed on the basis of catastrophic floods having been detected ∼100 km away, with seismic energy proportional to discharge. Surprisingly, we find that this catastrophic outburst flood was undetectable beyond a few kilometers, with peak seismic energy preceding peak discharge. We propose that river channel stability also controls seismic energy generation and should be considered for accurate monitoring of catastrophic floods. In contrast, we find that the various processes during dam breach can be well‐characterized seismically further away and provide warning ∼60 min before discharge exceeds monsoon flood levels. We also show that numerical modeling of dam breaches which typically lacks in situ measurements can benefit from incorporating seismic data as constraints. Finally, we show that this event drastically increased sediment fluxes ∼670 km downstream for years and may significantly reduce the capacity of hydropower plants. Our results reveal ways to improve early warning of catastrophic outburst floods and the need to consider surface hazards' long‐term impact when managing infrastructure in mountainous regions.
Synaptotagmin-4 induces anhedonic responses to chronic stress via BDNF signaling in the medial prefrontal cortex
Authors: Kim Jeongseop , Seol Sihwan , Kim Tae-Eun , Lee Joonhee , Koo Ja Wook , Kang Hyo Jung 
Published: February 2024

AbstractStressful circumstances are significant contributors to mental illnesses such as major depressive disorder. Anhedonia, defined as loss of the ability to enjoy pleasure in pleasurable situations, including rewarding activities or social contexts, is considered a key symptom of depression. Although stress-induced depression is associated with anhedonia in humans and animals, the underlying molecular mechanisms of anhedonic responses remain poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that synaptotagmin-4 (SYT4), which is involved in the release of neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors, is implicated in chronic stress-induced anhedonia. Employing chronic unpredictable stress (CUS), we evaluated two subpopulations of mice, susceptible (SUS, anhedonic) and resilient (RES, nonanhedonic), based on sucrose preference, which was strongly correlated with social reward. The FosTRAP (targeted recombination in active populations) system and optogenetic approach revealed that neural activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) was significantly associated with CUS-induced anhedonic behavioral phenotypes. By conducting weighted gene coexpression network analysis of RNA sequencing data from the mPFC of SUS and RES mice, we identified Syt4 as a hub gene in a gene network that was unique to anhedonia. We also confirmed that Syt4 overexpression in the mPFC was pro-susceptible, while Syt4 knockdown was pro-resilient; the pro-susceptible effects of SYT4 were mediated through a reduction in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) signaling in the mPFC. These findings suggest that SYT4-BDNF interactions in the mPFC represent a crucial regulatory mechanism of anhedonic susceptibility to chronic stress.
Unraveling the intricacies of osteoclast differentiation and maturation: insight into novel therapeutic strategies for bone-destructive diseases
Authors: Takegahara Noriko , Kim Hyunsoo , Choi Yongwon 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOsteoclasts are the principal cells that efficiently resorb bone. Numerous studies have attempted to reveal the molecular pathways leading to the differentiation and activation of osteoclasts to improve the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis and other bone-destructive diseases. While the cumulative knowledge of osteoclast regulatory molecules, such as receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL) and nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1), contributes to the understanding of the developmental progression of osteoclasts, little is known about how the discrete steps of osteoclastogenesis modify osteoclast status but not the absolute number of osteoclasts. The regulatory mechanisms involved in osteoclast maturation but not those involved in differentiation deserve special attention due to their potential use in establishing a more effective treatment strategy: targeting late-phase differentiation while preserving coupled bone formation. Recent studies have shed light on the molecules that govern late-phase osteoclast differentiation and maturation, as well as the metabolic changes needed to adapt to shifting metabolic demands. This review outlines the current understanding of the regulation of osteoclast differentiation, as well as osteoclast metabolic adaptation as a differentiation control mechanism. Additionally, this review introduces molecules that regulate the late-phase osteoclast differentiation and thus minimally impact coupled bone formation.
Role of UPF1 in lncRNA-HEIH regulation for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy
Authors: Cha Hyunho , Kim Minwoo , Ahn Narae , Jeong Seong Dong , Ignatova Elizaveta , Chi Sung Wook , Kim Hyeon Ho , Hwang Jungwook 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUPF1, a novel posttranscriptional regulator, regulates the abundance of transcripts, including long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and thus plays an important role in cell homeostasis. In this study, we revealed that UPF1 regulates the abundance of hepatocellular carcinoma upregulated EZH2-associated lncRNA (lncRNA-HEIH) by binding the CG-rich motif, thereby regulating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumorigenesis. UPF1-bound lncRNA-HEIH was susceptible to degradation mediated by UPF1 phosphorylation via SMG1 and SMG5. According to analysis of RNA-seq and public data on patients with liver cancer, the expression of lncRNA-HEIH increased the levels of miR-194-5p targets and was inversely correlated with miR-194-5p expression in HCC patients. Furthermore, UPF1 depletion upregulated lncRNA-HEIH, which acts as a decoy of miR-194-5p that targets GNA13, thereby promoting GNA13 expression and HCC proliferation. The UPF1/lncRNA-HEIH/miR-194-5p/GNA13 regulatory axis is suggested to play a crucial role in cell progression and may be a suitable target for HCC therapy.
Expert consensus on odontogenic maxillary sinusitis multi-disciplinary treatment
Authors: Lin Jiang , Wang Chengshuo , Wang Xiangdong , Chen Faming , Zhang Wei , Sun Hongchen , Yan Fuhua , Pan Yaping , Zhu Dongdong , Yang Qintai , Ge Shaohua , Sun Yao , Wang Kuiji , Zhang Yuan , Xian Mu , Zheng Ming , Mo Anchun , Xu Xin , Wang Hanguo , Zhou Xuedong , Zhang Luo 
Published: February 2024

AbstarctOdontogenic maxillary sinusitis (OMS) is a subtype of maxillary sinusitis (MS). It is actually inflammation of the maxillary sinus that secondary to adjacent infectious maxillary dental lesion. Due to the lack of unique clinical features, OMS is difficult to distinguish from other types of rhinosinusitis. Besides, the characteristic infectious pathogeny of OMS makes it is resistant to conventional therapies of rhinosinusitis. Its current diagnosis and treatment are thus facing great difficulties. The multi-disciplinary cooperation between otolaryngologists and dentists is absolutely urgent to settle these questions and to acquire standardized diagnostic and treatment regimen for OMS. However, this disease has actually received little attention and has been underrepresented by relatively low publication volume and quality. Based on systematically reviewed literature and practical experiences of expert members, our consensus focuses on characteristics, symptoms, classification and diagnosis of OMS, and further put forward multi-disciplinary treatment decisions for OMS, as well as the common treatment complications and relative managements. This consensus aims to increase attention to OMS, and optimize the clinical diagnosis and decision-making of OMS, which finally provides evidence-based options for OMS clinical management.
Time to blood pressure control and predictors among patients receiving integrated treatment for hypertension and HIV based on an adapted WHO HEARTS implementation strategy at a large urban HIV clinic in Uganda
Authors: Amutuhaire Willington , Semitala Fred Collins , Kimera Isaac Derick , Namugenyi Christabellah , Mulindwa Frank , Ssenyonjo Rebecca , Katwesigye Rodgers , Mugabe Frank , Mutungi Gerald , Ssinabulya Isaac , Schwartz Jeremy I. , Katahoire Anne R. , Musoke Lewis S. , Yendewa George A. , Longenecker Chris T. , Muddu Martin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this cohort study, we determined time to blood pressure (BP) control and its predictors among hypertensive PLHIV enrolled in integrated hypertension-HIV care based on the World Health Organization (WHO) HEARTS strategy at Mulago Immunosuppression Clinic in Uganda. From August 2019 to March 2020, we enrolled hypertensive PLHIV aged $$\ge$$
≥
18 years and initiated Amlodipine 5 mg mono-therapy for BP (140–159)/(90–99) mmHg or Amlodipine 5 mg/Valsartan 80 mg duo-therapy for BP ≥ 160/90 mmHg. Patients were followed with a treatment escalation plan until BP control, defined as BP < 140/90 mmHg. We used Cox proportional hazards models to identify predictors of time to BP control. Of 877 PLHIV enrolled (mean age 50.4 years, 62.1% female), 30% received mono-therapy and 70% received duo-therapy. In the monotherapy group, 66%, 88% and 96% attained BP control in the first, second and third months, respectively. For patients on duo-therapy, 56%, 83%, 88% and 90% achieved BP control in the first, second, third, and fourth months, respectively. In adjusted Cox proportional hazard analysis, higher systolic BP (aHR 0.995, 95% CI 0.989-0.999) and baseline ART tenofovir/lamivudine/efavirenz (aHR 0.764, 95% CI 0.637–0.917) were associated with longer time to BP control, while being on ART for >10 years was associated with a shorter time to BP control (aHR 1.456, 95% CI 1.126–1.883). The WHO HEARTS strategy was effective at achieving timely BP control among PLHIV. Additionally, monotherapy anti-hypertensive treatment for stage I hypertension is a viable option to achieve BP control and limit pill burden in resource limited HIV care settings.
FSTL3 promotes tumor immune evasion and attenuates response to anti-PD1 therapy by stabilizing c-Myc in colorectal cancer
Authors: Li Haiyang , Zheng Na , Guo Anning , Tang Weiwei , Li Muxin , Cao Yuanyuan , Ma Xinhua , Cao Hongyong , Ma Yong , Wang Hanjin , Zhao Shuli 
Published: February 2024

AbstractProgrammed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PDL1)/programmed cell death 1 (PD1) blockade immunotherapy provides a prospective strategy for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC), but various constraints on the effectiveness of the treatment are still remaining. As reported in previous studies, follistatin-like 3 (FSTL3) could mediate inflammatory response in macrophages by induction lipid accumulation. Herein, we revealed that FSTL3 were overexpressed in malignant cells in the CRC microenvironment, notably, the expression level of FSTL3 was related to tumor immune evasion and the clinical efficacy of anti-PD1 therapy. Further studies determined that hypoxic tumor microenvironment induced the FSTL3 expression via HIF1α in CRC cells, FSTL3 could bind to the transcription factor c-Myc (354–406 amino acids) to suppress the latter’s ubiquitination and increase its stability, thereby to up-regulated the expression of PDL1 and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1). The results in the immunocompetent tumor models verified that FSLT3 knockout in tumor cells increased the proportion of CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment, reduced the proportion of regulatory T cells (CD25+ Foxp3+) and exhausted T cells (PD1+ CD8+), and synergistically improved the anti-PD1 therapy efficacy. To sum up, FSTL3 enhanced c-Myc-mediated transcriptional regulation to promote immune evasion and attenuates response to anti-PD1 therapy in CRC, suggesting the potential of FSTL3 as a biomarker of immunotherapeutic efficacy as well as a novel immunotherapeutic target in CRC.
ACOD1 deficiency offers protection in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity by maintaining a healthy gut microbiota
Authors: Eberhart Tanja , Stanley Federico Uchenna , Ricci Luisa , Chirico Tiziana , Ferrarese Roberto , Sisti Sofia , Scagliola Alessandra , Baj Andreina , Badurek Sylvia , Sommer Andreas , Culp-Hill Rachel , Dzieciatkowska Monika , Shokry Engy , Sumpton David , D’Alessandro Angelo , Clementi Nicola , Mancini Nicasio , Cardaci Simone 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAconitate decarboxylase 1 (ACOD1) is the enzyme synthesizing itaconate, an immuno-regulatory metabolite tuning host-pathogen interactions. Such functions are achieved by affecting metabolic pathways regulating inflammation and microbe survival. However, at the whole-body level, metabolic roles of itaconate remain largely unresolved. By using multiomics-integrated approaches, here we show that ACOD1 responds to high-fat diet consumption in mice by promoting gut microbiota alterations supporting metabolic disease. Genetic disruption of itaconate biosynthesis protects mice against obesity, alterations in glucose homeostasis and liver metabolic dysfunctions by decreasing meta-inflammatory responses to dietary lipid overload. Mechanistically, fecal metagenomics and microbiota transplantation experiments demonstrate such effects are dependent on an amelioration of the intestinal ecosystem composition, skewed by high-fat diet feeding towards obesogenic phenotype. In particular, unbiased fecal microbiota profiling and axenic culture experiments point towards a primary role for itaconate in inhibiting growth of Bacteroidaceae and Bacteroides, family and genus of Bacteroidetes phylum, the major gut microbial taxon associated with metabolic health. Specularly to the effects imposed by Acod1 deficiency on fecal microbiota, oral itaconate consumption enhances diet-induced gut dysbiosis and associated obesogenic responses in mice. Unveiling an unrecognized role of itaconate, either endogenously produced or exogenously administered, in supporting microbiota alterations underlying diet-induced obesity in mice, our study points ACOD1 as a target against inflammatory consequences of overnutrition.
Integrated energy storage and CO2 conversion using an aqueous battery with tamed asymmetric reactions
Authors: Liu Yumei , An Yun , Zhu Jiexin , Zhu Lujun , Li Xiaomei , Gao Peng , He Guanjie , Pang Quanquan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDeveloping a CO2-utilization and energy-storage integrated system possesses great advantages for carbon- and energy-intensive industries. Efforts have been made to developing the Zn-CO2 batteries, but access to long cycling life and low charging voltage remains a grand challenge. Here we unambiguously show such inefficiencies originate from the high-barrier oxygen evolution reaction on charge, and by recharging the battery via oxidation of reducing molecules, Faradaic efficiency-enhanced CO2 reduction and low-overpotential battery regeneration can be simultaneously achieved. Showcased by using hydrazine oxidation, our battery demonstrates a long life over 1000 hours with a charging voltage as low as 1.2 V. The low charging voltage and formation of gaseous product upon hydrazine oxidation are the key to stabilize the catalyst over cycling. Our findings suggest that by fundamentally taming the asymmetric reactions, aqueous batteries are viable tools to achieve integrated energy storage and CO2 conversion that is economical, highly energy efficient, and scalable.
Congenital heart disease detection by pediatric electrocardiogram based deep learning integrated with human concepts
Authors: Chen Jintai , Huang Shuai , Zhang Ying , Chang Qing , Zhang Yixiao , Li Dantong , Qiu Jia , Hu Lianting , Peng Xiaoting , Du Yunmei , Gao Yunfei , Chen Danny Z. , Bellou Abdelouahab , Wu Jian , Liang Huiying 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEarly detection is critical to achieving improved treatment outcomes for child patients with congenital heart diseases (CHDs). Therefore, developing effective CHD detection techniques using low-cost and non-invasive pediatric electrocardiogram are highly desirable. We propose a deep learning approach for CHD detection, CHDdECG, which automatically extracts features from pediatric electrocardiogram and wavelet transformation characteristics, and integrates them with key human-concept features. Developed on 65,869 cases, CHDdECG achieved ROC-AUC of 0.915 and specificity of 0.881 on a real-world test set covering 12,000 cases. Additionally, on two external test sets with 7137 and 8121 cases, the overall ROC-AUC were 0.917 and 0.907 while specificities were 0.937 and 0.907. Notably, CHDdECG surpassed cardiologists in CHD detection performance comparison, and feature importance scores suggested greater influence of automatically extracted electrocardiogram features on CHD detection compared with human-concept features, implying that CHDdECG may grasp some knowledge beyond human cognition. Our study directly impacts CHD detection with pediatric electrocardiogram and demonstrates the potential of pediatric electrocardiogram for broader benefits.
Neutral ceramidase regulates breast cancer progression by metabolic programming of TREM2-associated macrophages
Authors: Sun Rui , Lei Chao , Xu Zhishan , Gu Xuemei , Huang Liu , Chen Liang , Tan Yi , Peng Min , Yaddanapudi Kavitha , Siskind Leah , Kong Maiying , Mitchell Robert , Yan Jun , Deng Zhongbin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe tumor microenvironment is reprogrammed by cancer cells and participates in all stages of tumor progression. Neutral ceramidase is a key regulator of ceramide, the central intermediate in sphingolipid metabolism. The contribution of neutral ceramidase to the reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment is not well understood. Here, we find that deletion of neutral ceramidase in multiple breast cancer models in female mice accelerates tumor growth. Our result show that Ly6C+CD39+ tumor-infiltrating CD8 T cells are enriched in the tumor microenvironment and display an exhausted phenotype. Deletion of myeloid neutral ceramidase in vivo and in vitro induces exhaustion in tumor-infiltrating Ly6C+CD39+CD8+ T cells. Mechanistically, myeloid neutral ceramidase is required for the generation of lipid droplets and for the induction of lipolysis, which generate fatty acids for fatty-acid oxidation and orchestrate macrophage metabolism. Metabolite ceramide leads to reprogramming of macrophages toward immune suppressive TREM2+ tumor associated macrophages, which promote CD8 T cells exhaustion.