bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic value of systematic bronchial aspirate on postoperative pneumonia after pulmonary resection surgery for lung cancer: a monocentre retrospective study
Authors: Georges Olivier , Abou Arab Osama , Ben Rahal Malek , de Dominicis Florence , Pfister Alejandro Witte , Merlusca Geoni , Iquille Jules , Berna Pascal 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Intraoperative bacterial airway colonization seems to be associated with an increased risk of postoperative pneumonia (POP). It can be easily assessed by performing a bronchial aspirate (BA). The objective of this study is to assess the diagnostic performance of the BA to predict POP.

METHODS
We conducted a single-centre retrospective observational study over a period of 10 years, from 1 January 2011 to 30 December 2020. The population study included patients admitted for a scheduled pulmonary resection surgery for lung cancer. Patients were classified into 2 populations depending on whether or not they developed a POP. Uni- and multivariable analyses were performed to identify risk factors for developing POP. The diagnostic performance of BA was represented by its sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values.

RESULTS
A total of 1006 patients were included in the study. Uni- and multivariable analyses found that a positive BA was independently associated with a greater risk of developing POP with an odds ratio of 6.57 [4.165–10.865]; P &lt; 0.001. Its specificity was 95%, sensitivity was 31%, positive predictive value was 66% and negative predictive value was 81%.

CONCLUSIONS
A positive intraoperative BA is an independent risk factor for POP after lung cancer surgery. Further trials are required to validate the systematic implementation of BA as an early diagnostic tool for POP.
Neurological and immunological adverse events after pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children using national immunization programme registry data
Authors: Kim Ju Hwan , Yoon Dongwon , Lee Hyesung , Choe Young June , Shin Ju-Young 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Despite the general consensus on the safety of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), safety concerns unveiled during post-licensure surveillance need to be addressed. We investigated whether there is a transient increased risk following a three-dose series of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) administered at 2, 4 and 6 months of age.

Methods
This was a population-based cohort study using the Korea immunization registry data linked to nationwide administrative claims data. Self-controlled risk interval analysis was conducted for PCV recipients who had an outcome of interest within pre-defined risk and control intervals between 2018 and 2022. The outcomes were anaphylaxis, asthma, encephalopathy, febrile seizure, Kawasaki disease and thrombocytopenia. We used conditional Poisson regression model to estimate the incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) comparing the outcomes in the risk and control intervals.

Results
Of 1 114 096 PCV recipients, 8661 had outcomes either in the risk or control intervals. Their mean age at Dose 1 was 10.0 weeks, 58.3% were boys, and 85.3% received 13-valent PCV. PCV was not associated with an increased risk of any outcomes except for febrile seizure. There were 408 (56.0%) cases of febrile seizure in the risk interval, corresponding to an IRR of 1.27 (95% CI 1.10–1.47).

Conclusions
It is reassuring to note that there was no increased risk of the potential safety concerns following PCV administration. Despite the transient increased risk of febrile seizure, absolute numbers of cases were small. Febrile seizure is generally self-limiting with a good prognosis, and should not discourage parents or caregivers from vaccinating their children.
Toward a Responsible Artistic Agency: Mindful Representation of Fat Communities in Popular Media
Authors: Frazier Cheryl 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
When fat people are depicted in popular media, we often take their behavior to be representative of all fat people. How one fat person acts becomes representative of a broader pattern of behavior that all fat people are presumed to share, shaping the way we understand fatness. This way of generalizing presents fatness as a singular experience, reducing fat people to a monolithic narrative that often reinforces anti-fat bias. How do we avoid this reduction? How can we responsibly depict fat characters without perpetuating negative stereotypes about real fat people? Using the case of “Fat Thor” from Avengers: Endgame, I propose the beginnings of an account of responsible artistic agency which can be used to improve the ways that marginalized communities are depicted in art, with a particular focus on fat communities. Central to this account are two features: inclusion of and deference to members of the communities depicted from a variety of backgrounds throughout the production process, and mindfulness of the preexisting narrative web built around the communities depicted. I will use this discussion to highlight the need for a drastic shift in how we consider marginalized populations in art—in reimagining both who tells their stories, and what stories are told on their behalf.
Antimicrobial use and appropriateness in neutropenic fever: a study of the Hospital National Antimicrobial Prescribing Survey data
Authors: Singh Nikhil , Douglas Abby P , Slavin Monica A , Haeusler Gabrielle M , Thursky Karin A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Neutropenic fever (NF) is a common complication in patients receiving chemotherapy. Judicious antimicrobial use is paramount to minimize morbidity and mortality and to avoid antimicrobial-related harms.

Objectives
To use an Australian national dataset of antimicrobial prescriptions for the treatment of NF to describe antimicrobial use, prescription guideline compliance and appropriateness; and to compare these findings across different healthcare settings and patient demographics. We also aimed to identify trends and practice changes over time.

Methods
Data were extracted from the Hospital National Antimicrobial Prescribing Survey (Hospital NAPS) database from August 2013 to May 2022. Antimicrobial prescriptions with a NF indication were analysed for antimicrobial use, guideline compliance and appropriateness according to the Hospital NAPS methodology. Demographic factors, hospital classifications and disease characteristics were compared.

Results
A total of 2887 (n = 2441 adults, n = 441 paediatric) NF prescriptions from 254 health facilities were included. Piperacillin-tazobactam was the most prescribed antimicrobial. Overall, 87.4% of prescriptions were appropriate. Piperacillin-tazobactam and cefepime had the highest appropriateness though incorrect piperacillin-tazobactam dosing was observed. Lower appropriateness was identified for meropenem, vancomycin, and gentamicin prescribing particularly in the private hospital and paediatric cohorts. The most common reasons for inappropriate prescribing were spectrum too broad, incorrect dosing or frequency, and incorrect duration.

Conclusions
This study provides insights into antimicrobial prescribing practices for NF in Australia. We have identified three key areas for improvement: piperacillin-tazobactam dosing, paediatric NF prescribing and private hospital NF prescribing. Findings from this study will inform the updated Australian and New Zealand consensus guidelines for the management of neutropenic fever in patients with cancer.
Jump dispersal drives the relationship between micro- and macroevolutionary dynamics in the Sicydiinae (Gobiiformes: Oxudercidae) of Sundaland and Wallacea
Authors: Jamonneau Tom , Dahruddin Hadi , Limmon Gino , Sukmono Tedjo , Busson Frédéric , Nurjirana  , Gani Abdul , Patikawa Jesaya , Wuniarto Erwin , Sauri Sopian , Nurhaman Ujang , Wowor Daisy , Steinke Dirk , Keith Philippe , Hubert Nicolas 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Insular biodiversity hotspots of Southeast Asia are remarkable for their biodiverse faunas. With a marine larval phase lasting up to several months, the freshwater fish subfamily Sicydiinae has colonized most islands of these hotspots. However, Sicydiinae diversity is still poorly understood in Southeast Asia. With the objective of estimating intraspecific genetic diversity and inferring past demography, we conducted the molecular inventory of Sicydiinae species in Sundaland and Wallacea using 652 bp of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene, species delimitation methods, and Bayesian Skyline plot reconstructions. In total, 24 Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units are delimited among the 603 sequences belonging to 27 species and 5 genera. Two cases of discordance between morphology and mitochondrial sequence are observed, suggesting ongoing speciation and/or introgression in 2 genera. Multiple new occurrences are reported, either for a single biodiversity hotspot or both, some of which correspond to observations of a few individuals far from the range distribution of their conspecifics. Among the 10 species or species groups whose intraspecific diversity was examined, high levels of genetic diversity and past population expansion are revealed by Tajima’s D tests and Bayesian Skyline Plot reconstructions. Together, these results indicate that long-distance dispersal is common and suggest that most endemic species originated through founder events followed by population expansion. Patterns of sexual dimorphism and males’ coloration among diverging species pairs seem to point to sexual selection as an important mechanism contributing to speciation in the Sicydiinae of Sundaland and Wallacea.
Identification of druggable host dependency factors shared by multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern
Authors: Frasson Ilaria , Diamante Linda , Zangrossi Manuela , Carbognin Elena , Pietà Anna Dalla , Penna Alessandro , Rosato Antonio , Verin Ranieri , Torrigiani Filippo , Salata Cristiano , Dizanzo Marìa Paula , Vaccaro Lorenzo , Cacchiarelli Davide , Richter Sara N , Montagner Marco , Martello Graziano 
Published: February 2024

abstract
The high mutation rate of SARS-CoV-2 leads to the emergence of multiple variants, some of which are resistant to vaccines and drugs targeting viral elements. Targeting host dependency factors, e.g. cellular proteins required for viral replication, would help prevent the development of resistance. However, it remains unclear whether different SARS-CoV-2 variants induce conserved cellular responses and exploit the same core host factors. To this end, we compared three variants of concern and found that the host transcriptional response was conserved, differing only in kinetics and magnitude. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats screening identified host genes required for each variant during infection. Most of the genes were shared by multiple variants. We validated our hits with small molecules and repurposed the US Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs. All the drugs were highly active against all the tested variants, including new variants that emerged during the study (Delta and Omicron). Mechanistically, we identified reactive oxygen species production as a key step in early viral replication. Antioxidants such as N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) were effective against all the variants in both human lung cells and a humanized mouse model. Our study supports the use of available antioxidant drugs, such as NAC, as a general and effective anti-COVID-19 approach.
Juvenile Justice Anger Management (JJAM) Treatment for Girls
Authors: Giallella Christy , Goldstein Naomi E. , Serico Jennifer , Haney-Caron Emily , Kalbeitzer Rachel , Zelechoski Amanda D. , Riggs Romaine Christina L. , Kemp Kathleen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Juvenile Justice Anger Management (JJAM) Treatment for Girls: Facilitator Guide and Participant Materials presents a manualized anger management and aggression reduction treatment designed for adolescent girls and young women placed in residential juvenile justice facilities. The treatment program lasts for eight weeks with 16 90-minute sessions of cognitive-behavioral group intervention. The JJAM treatment addresses young women’s unique gender and developmental needs in the juvenile justice system. The JJAM Facilitator Guide is a user-friendly, session-by-session guide, and accompanying materials are provided for both facilitators and participants. The session activities incorporate real-life examples provided by the participants so that activities and content can be tailored to the characteristics, needs, and interests of the specific individuals in each group.
Consequences of Anger and the Importance of Setting Goals
Authors: Goldstein Naomi E. S. , Serico Jennifer M. , Haney-Caron Emily , Giallella Christy L. , Kalbeitzer Rachel , Zelechoski Amanda D. , Riggs Romaine Christina L. , Kemp Kathleen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides the participant materials for Session 2 of the Juvenile Justice Anger Management (JJAM) Treatment for Girls. This session focuses on the consequences of anger and the different kinds of anger. A template for goal sheets is provided; each session the girls will set goals that they can work towards. The session’s participant feedback form allows participants to reflect on examples of situations where they can practice anger control. These situations include witnessing a bunch of kids making fun of one’s best friend and receiving mean comments from an ex-partner. The chapter also explains how it is okay to feel angry, but there are usually consequences for one’s actions when one reacts to one’s anger in a bad way.
Stellar/BH population in AGN discs: direct binary formation from capture objects in nuclei clusters
Authors: Wang Yihan , Zhu Zhaohuan , Lin Douglas N C 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
The active galactic nucleus (AGN) disc has been proposed as a potential channel for the merger of binary black holes. The population of massive stars and black holes in AGN discs captured from the nuclei cluster plays a crucial role in determining the efficiency of binary formation and final merger rate within the AGN discs. In this paper, we investigate the capture process using analytical and numerical approaches. We discover a new constant integral of motion for one object’s capture process. Applying this result to the whole population of the nuclei cluster captured by the AGN disc, we find that the population of captured objects depends on the angular density and eccentricity distribution of the nuclei clusters and is effectively independent of the radial density profile of the nuclei cluster and disc models. An isotropic nuclei cluster with thermal eccentricity distribution predicts a captured profile dN/dr ∝ r−1/4. The captured objects are found to be dynamically crowded within the disc. Direct binary formation right after the capture would be promising, especially for stars. The conventional migration traps that help pile up single objects in AGN discs for black hole mergers might not be required.
spatialHeatmap: visualizing spatial bulk and single-cell assays in anatomical images
Authors: Zhang Jianhai , Zhang Le , Gongol Brendan , Hayes Jordan , Borowsky Alexander T , Bailey-Serres Julia , Girke Thomas 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Visualizing spatial assay data in anatomical images is vital for understanding biological processes in cell, tissue, and organ organizations. Technologies requiring this functionality include traditional one-at-a-time assays, and bulk and single-cell omics experiments, including RNA-seq and proteomics. The spatialHeatmap software provides a series of powerful new methods for these needs, and allows users to work with adequately formatted anatomical images from public collections or custom images. It colors the spatial features (e.g. tissues) annotated in the images according to the measured or predicted abundance levels of biomolecules (e.g. mRNAs) using a color key. This core functionality of the package is called a spatial heatmap plot. Single-cell data can be co-visualized in composite plots that combine spatial heatmaps with embedding plots of high-dimensional data. The resulting spatial context information is essential for gaining insights into the tissue-level organization of single-cell data, or vice versa. Additional core functionalities include the automated identification of biomolecules with spatially selective abundance patterns and clusters of biomolecules sharing similar abundance profiles. To appeal to both non-expert and computational users, spatialHeatmap provides a graphical and a command-line interface, respectively. It is distributed as a free, open-source Bioconductor package (https://bioconductor.org/packages/spatialHeatmap) that users can install on personal computers, shared servers, or cloud systems.
Promising Themes for Electronic Cigarette Prevention Campaigns for Youth and Young Adults
Authors: Zhao Xiaoquan , Malterud Andie , Curry Laurel , Malo Vincenzo , MacMonegle Anna , Nonnemaker James , Allen Jane 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are the most widely used tobacco product by youth and young adults in the United States. Effective prevention campaigns require the identification of appropriate content focus for message construction.

Aims and Methods
A sample of 2622 youth and young adults ages 15–24 were recruited through social media advertisements and completed an online survey. Respondents reported current e-cigarette use or intention to use if not currently using. They also indicated agreement or disagreement with 75 e-cigarette-related beliefs representing 16 themes. The relative promise of each theme/belief for campaign messaging was investigated by examining its association with the behavior/intention outcomes and the opportunity for positive change in its distribution (room to move).

Results
All themes showed significant associations with the behavior (ORs = 2.49–19.04) and intention (ORs = 2.21–6.11) outcomes. Room to move for themes ranged from 32.9% to 96.3% in behavior analysis and 15.6–93.9% in intention analysis. A normed relative promise index (M = 50, SD = 17) showed flavors (72), comparison to cigarettes (69), and relaxation and mental health (68) as the top ranked themes. Subgroup analyses by demographics revealed few differences. Results on the belief level were largely consistent with those on the theme level.

Conclusions
Data from this study provide timely evidence for the relative value of various themes/beliefs as potential targets for message development in e-cigarette prevention campaigns. The final selection of target themes/beliefs requires consideration of openness to persuasion, which may be informed by additional testing.

Implications
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are the most widely used tobacco products among youth and young adults in the United States. This study adds new evidence on the relative promise of a wide range of e-cigarette beliefs and belief clusters (themes) as potential targets for message development in educational campaigns. This evidence is important to consider in future campaign efforts directed at the youth and young adult populations in the United States.
Addressing Unmet PrEP Needs in Women: Impact of a Laboratory-Driven Protocol at an Urban, Essential Hospital
Authors: Stewart Jessica , Ruiz-Mercado Glorimar , Sperring Heather , Pierre Cassandra M , Assoumou Sabrina A , Taylor Jessica L 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake in women remains low. We developed a laboratory result–driven protocol to link women with a positive bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) to HIV PrEP at an urban safety-net hospital.

Methods
Electronic health records of women with positive chlamydia, gonorrhea, and/or syphilis tests were reviewed, and those eligible for PrEP were referred for direct or primary care provider-driven outreach. We assessed the proportion of women with STIs who received PrEP offers, acceptance, and prescriptions before (July 1, 2018–December 31, 2018) and after (January 1, 2019–June 30, 2020) implementation to evaluate changes in the delivery of key elements of the PrEP care cascade (ie, PrEP offers, acceptance, and prescribing) for women with STIs after protocol implementation.

Results
The proportion of women who received PrEP offers increased from 7.6% to 17.6% (P &lt; .001). After multivariable adjustment, only the postintervention period was associated with PrEP offers (odds ratio [OR], 2.49; 95% CI, 1.68–3.68). In subgroup analyses, PrEP offers increased significantly among non-Hispanic Black (OR, 2.75; 95% CI, 1.65–4.58) and Hispanic (OR, 5.34; 95% CI, 1.77–16.11) women but not among non-Hispanic White women (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 0.54–4.05). Significant changes in PrEP acceptance and prescriptions were not observed in the sample overall.

Conclusions
A laboratory result–driven protocol was associated with a significant increase in PrEP offers to Black and Hispanic women with STI. These results provide concrete suggestions for health systems seeking to increase PrEP access and equity among women.
Comparing Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing of Nasopharyngeal Swab and Lower Respiratory Tract Specimens for the Diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia
Authors: Chew Rusheng , Tozer Sarah , Ulett Kimberly , Paterson David L , Whiley David , Sloots Theo , Fielding David , Zappala Christopher , Bashirzadeh Farzad , Hundloe Justin , Bletchley Cheryl , Woods Marion L 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Using nasopharyngeal (NP) swab samples instead of lower respiratory tract specimens for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to diagnose Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) may be better tolerated and improve diagnostic accessibility. In this 2-year Australian retrospective cohort study of patients with clinically suspected PJP, P jirovecii PCR on NP swab samples had perfect specificity but low sensitivity (0.66).
Application of metal-organic frameworks-based functional composite scaffolds in tissue engineering
Authors: Yao Xinlei , Chen Xinran , Sun Yu , Yang Pengxiang , Gu Xiaosong , Dai Xiu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWith the rapid development of materials science and tissue engineering, a variety of biomaterials have been used to construct tissue engineering scaffolds. Due to the performance limitations of single materials, functional composite biomaterials have attracted great attention as tools to improve the effectiveness of biological scaffolds for tissue repair. In recent years, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have shown great promise for application in tissue engineering because of their high specific surface area, high porosity, high biocompatibility, appropriate environmental sensitivities and other advantages. This review introduces methods for the construction of MOFs-based functional composite scaffolds and describes the specific functions and mechanisms of MOFs in repairing damaged tissue. The latest MOFs-based functional composites and their applications in different tissues are discussed. Finally, the challenges and future prospects of using MOFs-based composites in tissue engineering are summarized. The aim of this review is to show the great potential of MOFs-based functional composite materials in the field of tissue engineering and to stimulate further innovation in this promising area.