bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Risk of Stroke Types: A Prospective Cohort Study of 500 000 Chinese Adults
Authors: Hamilton Elizabeth M. , Yang Ling , Wright Neil , Turnbull Iain , Mentzer Alexander J. , Matthews Philippa C. , Chen Yiping , Du Huaidong , Kartsonaki Christiana , Pang Yuanjie , Pei Pei , Tian Huizi , Yang Xiaoming , Avery Daniel , Yu Canqing , Lv Jun , Clarke Robert , Li Liming , Millwood Iona Y. , Chen Zhengming 
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:
Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and permanent disability in China, with large and unexplained geographic variations in rates of different stroke types. Chronic hepatitis B virus infection is prevalent among Chinese adults and may play a role in stroke cause.

METHODS:
The prospective China Kadoorie Biobank included >500 000 adults aged 30 to 79 years who were recruited from 10 (5 urban and 5 rural) geographically diverse areas of China from 2004 to 2008, with determination of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity at baseline. During 11 years of follow-up, a total of 59 117 incident stroke cases occurred, including 11 318 intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), 49 971 ischemic stroke, 995 subarachnoid hemorrhage, and 3036 other/unspecified stroke. Cox regression models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for risk of stroke types associated with HBsAg positivity. In a subset of 17 833 participants, liver enzymes and lipids levels were measured and compared by HBsAg status.

RESULTS:
Overall, 3.0% of participants were positive for HBsAg. HBsAg positivity was associated with an increased risk of ICH (adjusted HR, 1.29 [95% CI, 1.16–1.44]), similarly for fatal (n=5982; adjusted HR, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.16–1.59]) and nonfatal (n=5336; adjusted HR, 1.23 [95% CI, 1.06–1.44]) ICH. There were no significant associations of HBsAg positivity with risks of ischemic stroke (adjusted HR, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.92–1.03]), subarachnoid hemorrhage (adjusted HR, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.57–1.33]), or other/unspecified stroke (adjusted HR, 1.12 [95% CI, 0.89–1.42]). Compared with HBsAg-negative counterparts, HBsAg-positive individuals had lower lipid and albumin levels and higher liver enzyme levels. After adjustment for liver enzymes and albumin, the association with ICH from HBsAg positivity attenuated to 1.15 (0.90–1.48), suggesting possible mediation by abnormal liver function.

CONCLUSIONS:
Among Chinese adults, chronic hepatitis B virus infection is associated with an increased risk of ICH but not other stroke types, which may be mediated through liver dysfunction and altered lipid metabolism.
Improvement in Delivery of Ischemic Stroke Treatments but Stagnation of Clinical Outcomes in Young Adults in South Korea
Authors: Kim Jonguk , Kim Jun Yup , Kang Jihoon , Kim Beom Joon , Han Moon-Ku , Lee Jeong-Yoon , Park Tai Hwan , Lee Keon-Joo , Kim Joon-Tae , Choi Kang-Ho , Park Jong-Moo , Kang Kyusik , Lee Soo Joo , Kim Jae Guk , Cha Jae-Kwan , Kim Dae-Hyun , Lee Kyungbok , Lee Jun , Hong Keun-Sik , Cho Yong-Jin , Park Hong-Kyun , Lee Byung-Chul , Yu Kyung-Ho , Oh Mi-Sun , Kim Dong-Eog , Ryu Wi-Sun , Choi Jay Chol , Kwon Jee-Hyun , Kim Wook-Joo , Shin Dong-Ick , Yum Kyu Sun , Sohn Sung Il , Hong Jeong-Ho , Lee Sang-Hwa , Lee Ji Sung , Lee Juneyoung , Gorelick Philip B. , Bae Hee-Joon 
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:
There is limited information on the delivery of acute stroke therapies and secondary preventive measures and clinical outcomes over time in young adults with acute ischemic stroke. This study investigated whether advances in these treatments improved outcomes in this population.

METHODS:
Using a prospective multicenter stroke registry in Korea, young adults (aged 18–50 years) with acute ischemic stroke hospitalized between 2008 and 2019 were identified. The observation period was divided into 4 epochs: 2008 to 2010, 2011 to 2013, 2014 to 2016, and 2017 to 2019. Secular trends for patient characteristics, treatments, and outcomes were analyzed.

RESULTS:

A total of 7050 eligible patients (mean age, 43.1; men, 71.9%) were registered. The mean age decreased from 43.6 to 42.9 years (
P
trend
=0.01). Current smoking decreased, whereas obesity increased. Other risk factors remained unchanged. Intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy rates increased over time from 2008 to 2010 to 2017 to 2019 (9.5%–13.8% and 3.2%–9.2%, respectively;
P
trend
<0.01). Door-to-needle time improved (
P
trend
<.001), but onset-to-door and door-to-puncture times remained constant. Secondary prevention, including dual antiplatelets for noncardioembolic minor stroke (26.7%–47.0%), direct oral anticoagulants for atrial fibrillation (0.0%–56.2%), and statins for large artery atherosclerosis (76.1%–95.3%) increased (
P
trend
<0.01). Outcome data were available from 2011. One-year mortality (2.5% in 2011–2013 and 2.3% in 2017–2019) and 3-month modified Rankin Scale scores 0 to 1 (68.3%–69.1%) and 0 to 2 (87.6%–86.2%) remained unchanged. The 1-year stroke recurrence rate increased (4.1%–5.5%;
P
trend
=0.04), although the difference was not significant after adjusting for sex and age.

CONCLUSIONS:
Improvements in the delivery of acute stroke treatments did not necessarily lead to better outcomes in young adults with acute ischemic stroke over the past decade, indicating a need for further progress.
A Religiously Pluralistic Milieu in Austria during the Interwar Period
Authors: Lehmann Karsten 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The article focuses on what the author describes as a religiously pluralistic milieu. It proposes that religious plurality is very much part and parcel of the recollections of the interwar period in Vienna, Austria. First, the article underlines the significance of sociocultural milieus, family upbringing, and school interaction for the constructions of religious plurality. Second, it raises the question of the social embeddedness of religious plurality in the memories of the interwar period in Vienna. The findings are based upon an oral history project, “Religiöse Vielfalt an Wiener Schulen der Zwischenkriegszeit” (ZwieKrie) (Religious plurality in Viennese schools during the interwar period). The project analyzed individual memories of religious plurality by a set of twenty-four contemporary witnesses attending Viennese schools during the 1920s and 1930s.
Re-imagining asean and the Quest for Peace: Challenges and Prospects for Peacebuilding, Conflict Prevention, and Atrocities Prevention
Authors: Morada Noel M. , Caballero-Anthony Mely 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This introduction provides a backdrop to the contributions to the special issue of this journal. Specifically, it summarises the main arguments of authors as they addressed the main challenges and prospects for peacebuilding, conflict prevention, and atrocities prevention in Southeast Asia based on select case studies. Among the key themes that this special issue examines are: 1) asean/Southeast Asia’s norms and practices and the stickiness of the ‘asean Way’ against pressures to effectively respond to transborder security threats; 2) the transfer and localisation of global norms like the Responsibility to Protect (r2p); 3) protection of civilians, human rights, and women, peace and security (wps) and 4) regional architecture including the asean Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights, asean Commission on Women and Children, asean Institute of Peace and Reconciliation, and the asean parliamentarians.
Myanmar and the Responsibility to Protect: Principles, Precedents, and Practicalities
Authors: Thuzar Moe 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Since its admission as a member of asean in 1997, the human rights situation in Myanmar has been a major concern of the organisation. asean has had to respond to external reactions and pressures calling for decisive action on various crises in Myanmar, notably the 2007 Saffron Revolution, the 2008 Cyclone Nargis humanitarian disaster, the clashes between Rakhine and Rohingya in 2012, and the military operations against the Rohingya in 2017. In the aftermath of the 1 February 2021 coup in Myanmar, asean once again confronts the challenge of expectations to prevent further atrocities in the country. Myanmar’s internal situation has occasioned debate on norms and principles in the asean Charter, and tested the limits of asean’s decision-making processes. Through its Myanmar experience, asean has set new precedents in its regional diplomacy toward defiant members. However, asean’s leverage and limitations in its Myanmar response will continue to be confined to the diplomatic, humanitarian and peaceful interventions related to the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) that are being currently employed in the post-2021 coup situation.
Papuan Voices: An Initiative for Decolonized Filmmaking to Document Indigenous People’s Lived Experiences in West Papua
Authors: Fatubun Wensislaus 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Film making provides a tool for Indigenous peoples of West Papua to tell a story, consolidate community collective memory (solidarity), support human rights advocacy and assist trauma healing. Moreover, films raise critical awareness among Indigenous Papuans in relation to the outside world. Film making allows Indigenous voices to be seen and heard by others beyond West Papua. So, film is an important media tool with the potential to enable vulnerable Indigenous communities to produce knowledge, and tell stories about life and culture from their own perspectives. It also supports Indigenous West Papuan communities to document human rights abuses and to advocate for their human rights in the international arena. Film making therefore provides an important medium to expose the oppressive realities of Indigenous peoples’ lives in in West Papua, so often distorted by the propaganda of the occupying Indonesian military. This article explains the context of film making in West Papua. Next it shares some personal experiences of film making in West Papua before sharing three approaches adopted by Indigenous West Papuan filmmakers. These film making approaches empower Indigenous communities to tell their own stories and support their own decolonization goals.
Possibilities, Perceptions and Practices: Visibilising the Impact of Flexible Learning Spaces
Authors: Connor Lynne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In recent years, school building policy in New Zealand has emphasised the development of flexible learning spaces (fls). Through deliberate design choices, flexible learning spaces are intended to promote student-centred and collaborative teaching practice, creating an innovative learning environment which is adaptable and future-focussed. However, this intended practice is not always realised. This article draws on data from a study examining the practice of seven English teachers working in a flexible learning space in one New Zealand secondary school. Using Lefebvre’s spatial triad of conceived, perceived and lived space, the author will argue that elements of the learning space are imbued with layers of visual symbolism, highlighting the tensions between the rhetoric and the reality of innovative practice in flexible learning spaces. While the policy intent of the flexible learning space is made visible through elements of its design, the use of the space by teachers and students indicates that their visual interpretations of these elements can serve to reinforce teaching and learning practices that flexible learning spaces are designed to disrupt. These findings highlight that teachers require increased spatial competence and critical awareness of visual learning space elements to maximise the potential of fls for innovative teaching and learning.
Parameterizations of Boundary Layer Mass Fluxes in High-Wind Conditions for Tropical Cyclone Simulations
Authors: Chen Xiaomin , Marks Frank D. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Development of accurate planetary boundary layer (PBL) parameterizations in high-wind conditions is crucial for improving tropical cyclone (TC) forecasts. Given that eddy-diffusivity mass-flux (EDMF)-type PBL schemes are designed for nonhurricane boundary layers, this study examines the uncertainty of MF parameterizations in hurricane conditions by performing three-dimensional idealized simulations. Results show that the surface-driven MF plays a dominant role in the nonlocal turbulent fluxes and is comparable to the magnitude of downgradient momentum fluxes in the middle portion of TC boundary layers outside the radius of maximum wind (RMW); in contrast, the stratocumulus-top-driven MF is comparably negligible and exerts a marginal impact on TC simulations. To represent the impact of vertical wind shear on damping rising thermal plumes, a new approach of tapering surface-driven MF based on the surface stability parameter is proposed, aiming to retain the surface-driven MF only in unstable boundary layers. Compared to a traditional approach of MF tapering based on 10-m wind speeds, the new approach is physically more appealing as both shear and buoyancy forcings are considered and the width of the effective zone responds to diurnal variations of surface buoyancy forcing. Compared to the experiments retaining the original MF components, using either approach of MF tapering can lead to a stronger and more compact inner core due to enhanced boundary layer inflow outside the RMW; nevertheless, the radius of gale-force wind and inflow layer depth are only notably reduced using the new approach. Comparison to observations and further discussions on MF parameterizations in high-wind conditions are provided.
Evaluation of Land–Atmosphere Coupling Processes and Climatological Bias in the UFS Global Coupled Model
Authors: Seo Eunkyo , Dirmeyer Paul A. , Barlage Michael , Wei Heiln , Ek Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the performance of the latter NCEP Unified Forecast System (UFS) Coupled Model prototype simulations (P5–P8) during boreal summer 2011–17 in regard to coupled land–atmosphere processes and their effect on model bias. Major land physics updates were implemented during the course of model development. Namely, the Noah land surface model was replaced with Noah-MP and the global vegetation dataset was updated starting with P7. These changes occurred along with many other UFS improvements. This study investigates UFS’s ability to simulate observed surface conditions in 35-day predictions based on the fidelity of model land surface processes. Several land surface states and fluxes are evaluated against flux tower observations across the globe, and segmented coupling processes are also diagnosed using process-based multivariate metrics. Near-surface meteorological variables generally improve, especially surface air temperature, and the land–atmosphere coupling metrics better represent the observed covariance between surface soil moisture and surface fluxes of moisture and radiation. Moreover, this study finds that temperature biases over the contiguous United States are connected to the model’s ability to simulate the different balances of coupled processes between water-limited and energy-limited regions. Sensitivity to land initial conditions is also implicated as a source of forecast error. Above all, this study presents a blueprint for the validation of coupled land–atmosphere behavior in forecast models, which is a crucial model development task to assure forecast fidelity from day one through subseasonal time scales.
Racial and Socioeconomic Differences and Surgical Outcomes in Pancreaticoduodenectomy Patients: A Systematic Review of High- Versus Low-Volume Hospitals in the United States
Authors: Ikram Mohammad , Shen Chan , Pameijer Colette R. 
Published: November 2023

Background Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is associated with better outcomes in high-volume hospitals. However, it is unknown whether and to what extent the improved performance of high-volume hospitals may be associated with racial and socioeconomic factors, which have been shown to impact operative and postoperative outcomes in major surgeries. This review aims to identify the differences in racial and socioeconomic characteristics of patients who underwent PD surgery in high- and low-volume hospitals. Methods PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science were systematically searched between May 1, 2023 and May 7, 2023 without any time restriction on publication date. Studies that were conducted in the United States and had a direct comparison between high- and low-volume hospitals were included. Results A total of 30 observational studies were included. When racial proportions were compared by hospital volume, thirteen studies reported that compared to high-volume hospitals, a higher percentage of racial minorities underwent PD in low-volume hospitals. Disparities in traveling distance, education levels, and median income at baseline between high- and low-volume hospitals were reported by four, three, and two studies, respectively. Conclusion A racial difference at baseline between high- and low-volume hospitals was observed. Socioeconomic factors were less frequently included in existing literature. Future studies are needed to understand the socioeconomic differences between patients receiving PD surgery in high- and low-volume hospitals.
Shared Auditors in Private Lending
Authors: Platikanova Petya , Soonawalla Kazbi 
Published: November 2023

We examine whether borrowers who share the same auditor with a syndicate lender (i.e., shared auditors) have improved access to the syndicate loan market. We predict and find evidence that shared auditors reduce information asymmetries between lenders and borrowers as well as between lenders in a syndicate. We also find that borrowers who share auditors with lenders obtain better price and non-price terms compared with those without. Our empirical evidence also suggests that when borrowers and lenders share auditors, syndicates are less concentrated and more diverse, consistent with the prediction that shared auditors provide informational benefits on the syndicate market. Loan facilities with shared auditors are also more likely to be renegotiated with more favorable terms for borrowers. Taken together, our findings suggest that shared auditors contribute to the efficient functioning of debt markets by reducing the information asymmetries in debt contracting. JEL Classifications: M42, M41, G32, O16
Heparin consumption and inflammatory response according to the coating of cardiopulmonary bypass circuits in cardiac surgery: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Mathieu Laurent , Beurton Antoine , Rougier Nicolas , Flambard Maude , Germain Christine , Pernot Mathieu , Ouattara Alexandre 
Published: November 2023

Introduction There are several types of surface treatments (coatings) aimed at improving the biocompatibility of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit. Some coatings appear to require higher doses of heparin to maintain anticoagulation goals, and some of them might induce postoperative coagulopathy. In this study, we compared the amount of heparin required, postoperative bleeding, and inflammatory response according to three types of coatings. Method We retrospectively included 300 consecutive adult patients who underwent cardiac surgery with CPB and received one of three coatings (Phisio®, Trillium®, and Xcoating™). Our primary objective was to compare, according to coating, the amount of heparin required to maintain an ACT > 400s during CPB. Our secondary objectives were to compare postoperative bleeding for 48 h and CRP rate. Results Baseline characteristics were comparable between groups except for age and preoperative CRP. We did not find a significant difference between the 3 coatings regarding the amount of heparin reinjected. However, we found less postoperative bleeding with the Xcoating™ circuit compared to the Phisio® circuit (−149 mL [−289; −26.5]; p = 0.02) and a lower elevation of CRP with the Phisio® circuit (2.8 times higher than preoperative CRP) compared to Trillium® (4.9 times higher) and Xcoating™ (6.4 times higher); p < 10–3. Conclusion The choice of coating did not influence the amount of heparin required during CPB; however, the post-CPB inflammatory syndrome may be impacted by this choice.
Polymerisation of cyanoacrylates: The effect of sclero-embolic and contrast agents
Authors: Gracé Joseph , Connor David , Bester Lourens , Rogan Christopher , Parsi Kurosh 
Published: November 2023

Objectives The objective is to investigate the interaction of sclero-embolic and contrast agents with the polymerisation of medical grade n-butyl-cyanoacrylates. Methods An in vitro spectrophotometric absorbance method was developed to detect changes in light transmission to measure n-BCA polymerisation. The initiation and the rate-of-polymerisation of mixtures of n-BCA with sclero-embolic and contrast agents were investigated. Results Initiation of polymerisation: VENABLOCK™ and HISTOACRYL® were the fastest agents to polymerise, while VENASEAL™ was the slowest. Rate of polymerisation: Hypertonic saline inhibited the polymerisation of all n-BCAs, while hypertonic glucose prolonged the polymerisation rate. ETHANOL and detergent sclerosants had no effect. Contrast agents OMNIPAQUE™ and ULTRAVIST® initiated and prolonged the polymerisation of n-BCA, but in contrast, LIPIODOL® failed to initiate the process. Conclusions The commercially available medical cyanoacrylates differ in their polymerisation rates. These polymerisation rates are further affected when these products are used in conjunction with other compounds, such as sclero-embolic and contrast agents.
Maternal antioxidant micronutrient deficiencies among pre-eclamptic women in Enugu, Nigeria: a cross-sectional analytical study
Authors: Enebe Joseph Tochukwu , Dim Cyril Chukwudi , Omeke Akudo Chidimma 
Published: November 2023

Objectives To determine the prevalence of antioxidant micronutrient deficiencies in pregnant women with pre-eclampsia and healthy pregnant women, and to assess the relationships between trace element deficiency in pregnancy and the severity of pre-eclampsia in Enugu, Nigeria. Methods We performed a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional analytical study of serum concentrations of copper, selenium, zinc, magnesium, and manganese in 81 pregnant women with pre-eclampsia and healthy pregnant women (controls) who were matched for age, gestational age, body mass index, and parity. This study was performed at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu. Participants’ sera were analyzed with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results Trace element deficiencies were common and similar between women with pre-eclampsia and controls. However, women with pre-eclampsia were more likely to be deficient in manganese than controls (odds ratio = 2.28, 95% confidence interval: 1.90–2.75). Among the micronutrients studied, only manganese concentrations were significantly lower in women without severe symptoms of pre-eclampsia than in those with severe symptoms of pre-eclampsia. Conclusions Micronutrient deficiency is common in pregnant women with pre-eclampsia and in healthy pregnant women in Enugu, Nigeria. Only manganese deficiency is higher in women with pre-eclampsia than in healthy pregnant women.