bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do voxel size and filter application on CBCT images improve the diagnosis of condylar morphological alterations? An ex vivo study
Authors: de Oliveira Reis Larissa , Santos‐Corvini João Pedro Antunes , Gaêta‐Araujo Hugo , Sampaio‐Oliveira Matheus , Oliveira Matheus L. , Freitas Deborah Queiroz 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere is no established protocol for the low doses of cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) acquisition and filter application on the diagnosis of condylar morphological alterations.ObjectivesThe objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of voxel size and filter application on the diagnosis of condylar morphological alterations in CBCT using an ex vivo model.MethodsCBCT scans of 36 temporomandibular joints were acquired using OP300 Maxio with voxel sizes of 0.085, 0.125 and 0.280 mm. Three radiologists evaluated the condyles in the CBCT volumes under three filter modes: no filter, ‘1x’ sharpen filter and ‘2x’ sharpen filter. The area under the ROC curve, sensitivity and specificity were calculated by comparing the evaluators' responses with the reference standard and compared among experimental groups using analysis of variance (ANOVA) (α = 5%).ResultsThe area under the ROC curve, sensitivity and specificity were not affected by voxel size and filter application (p > .05). For osteophyte and flattening, there were more true‐positive responses in smaller voxel size. For erosion, the increase of true‐ and false‐positive responses occurred with a larger voxel size. Overall, there was a tendency to decrease true positives for osteophyte and erosion and increase false positives for flattening with the ‘2x’ sharpen filter.ConclusionsThe diagnosis of condylar morphological alterations assessed in this ex vivo analysis is not influenced by the voxel size and the application of the filters. However, attention is needed with the occurrence of false‐positive diagnosis with a larger voxel size for erosion and ‘2x’ sharpen filter for flattening.
Distinct patterns of inheritance shape life‐history traits in steelhead trout
Authors: Beulke Anne K. , Abadía‐Cardoso Alicia , Pearse Devon E. , Goetz Laura C. , Thompson Neil F. , Anderson Eric C. , Garza John Carlos 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLife‐history variation is the raw material of adaptation, and understanding its genetic and environmental underpinnings is key to designing effective conservation strategies. We used large‐scale genetic pedigree reconstruction of anadromous steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from the Russian River, CA, USA, to elucidate sex‐specific patterns of life‐history traits and their heritability. SNP data from adults returning from sea over a 14‐year period were used to identify 13,474 parent–offspring trios. These pedigrees were used to determine age structure, size distributions and family sizes for these fish, as well as to estimate the heritability of two key life‐history traits, spawn date and age at maturity (first reproduction). Spawn date was highly heritable (h2 = 0.73) and had a cross‐sex genetic correlation near unity. We provide the first estimate of heritability for age at maturity in ocean‐going fish from this species and found it to be highly heritable (h2 from 0.29 to 0.62, depending on sex and method), with a much lower genetic correlation across sexes. We also evaluated genotypes at a migration‐associated inversion polymorphism and found sex‐specific correlations with age at maturity. The significant heritability of these two key reproductive traits in these imperiled fish, and their patterns of inheritance in the two sexes, is consistent with predictions of both natural and sexually antagonistic selection (sexes experience opposing selection pressures). This emphasizes the importance of anthropogenic factors, including hatchery practices and ecosystem modifications, in shaping the fitness of this species, thus providing important guidance for management and conservation efforts.
Social overhead public infrastructure in a Lewis development framework
Authors: Fernandes Carlândia Brito Santos , de Oliveira Guilherme 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study explores the interaction between private and public physical capital accumulation within a Lewis development framework, in which public infrastructure is subject to congestion. The model shows that when both levels of capital are relatively low, a crowding‐out of private investment creates the necessary conditions for the emergence of a development trap, from which a surplus labor economy, if left to the free play of its structural forces, may never escape. Once caught in such a trap, the economy can potentially be released through a big push of public or private capital or a sufficiently balanced combination of both.
Long duration of atrial high‐rate episode is more favorable in predicting ischemic stroke than high CHA2DS2‐VASc score
Authors: Ding Xue‐Fang , Ding Wan‐Xuan , Chen Ying , Dai Bai‐ling , Zhao Yan‐Ni , Duo‐Duo Zhang , Yang Yi‐Heng , Gao Lian‐Jun , Xia Yun‐Long , Dong Ying‐Xue 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the roles of duration and burden of atrial high‐rate episode (AHRE) on ischemic stroke in patients with pacemaker implantation.MethodsPatients with pacemaker implantation for bradycardia from 2013 to 2017 were consecutively enrolled. Data such as gender, age, combined diseases, type of AF, left atrial size, left ventricular size, left ventricular ejection fraction, CHA2DS2‐VASc score, and anticoagulants were collected. The burden and duration of AHRE based on different interval partition were also recorded in detail to evaluate the impacts on ischemic stroke. Cox regression analysis with time‐dependent covariates was conducted.ResultsA total of 220 patients with AHRE were enrolled. The average follow‐up time was 48.42 ± 17.20 months. Univariate regression analysis showed that diabetes (p = .024), high CHA2DS2‐VASc score (≥ 2) (p = .021), long mean AHRE burden (p = .011), long maximal AHRE burden (p = .015), long AHRE duration lasting≥48 h (p = .001) or 24 h (p = .001) or 12 h (p = .005) were prone to ischemic stroke. Further multivariate regression analysis showed that long duration of AHRE (≥48 h) (HR 10.77; 95% CI 3.22–55.12; p = .030) were significantly correlated with stroke in patients with paroxysmal AF. There was no significant correlation between the type of AF and stroke (p = .927).ConclusionThe longer duration of AHRE (≥48 h) was more favorable in predicting ischemic stroke than high CHA2DS2‐VASc score (≥2).
Pulsed field ablation for atrial fibrillation – Lessons from magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Fink Thomas , Sciacca Vanessa , Neven Kars , Didenko Maxim , Sommer Philipp , Sohns Christian 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPulsed field ablation (PFA) is a promising technology for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). Due to its unique tissue selectivity, PFA potentially bears superior characteristics as compared to established thermal energy sources in AF ablation procedures. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) using late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) is an established tool in the analysis of myocardial fibrosis representing atrial cardiomyopathy as well as ablation‐induced atrial scar formation following catheter ablation with thermal energy. Mechanisms of atrial lesion formation differ between thermal ablation and electroporation and its impact on results of CMR imaging are not fully understood until now. In this review article, the potential of CMR imaging for PFA lesion assessment and available data are discussed. Further, additional needs to adopt imaging approaches to the cellular mechanisms of electroporation are considered.
Just between us…: The role of sharing and receiving secrets in friendship across time
Authors: Bedrov Alisa , Gable Shelly L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSecrets are prominent in close relationships. Most research has examined people's general tendencies to share secrets or single instances of secret‐keeping or secret‐sharing. These methods limit what we know about how keeping and sharing secrets across time in established close relationships is associated with important relationship characteristics. This research focused on the role that secret exchanges play in how people assess relational closeness and social utility (i.e., being a valuable social connection) in friendships. Across 10 weeks, participants (N = 126) reported bi‐weekly on sharing and receiving personal and secondhand secrets (i.e., third‐party secrets) with three friends. We found that sharing and receiving more personal secrets were robustly associated with higher closeness and social utility. The findings on secondhand secret‐sharing were more complex, suggesting that receiving secondhand secrets from friends and sharing secondhand secrets with friends were differentially associated with closeness and social utility when comparing short‐term versus cumulative effects. Results are discussed in terms of how secret‐sharing behaviors are dynamically associated with close relationship qualities.
Influence of biotic and abiotic factors on the virulence of Puccinia triticina population in southern Russia
Authors: Kudinova Olga , Agapova Valeria , Vaganova Olga , Volkova Galina , Kosman Evsey 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWheat leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina, is reported annually in southern Russia, the main wheat production region in Russia. The effect of biotic (types of cultivar resistance) and abiotic (northern, central and southern agro‐ecological zones) factors on virulence variability of the pathogen was analysed with 43 Lr differentials. Virulence frequencies to Lr genes 1, 2c, 3, 3bg, 11, 14a, 14b, 16, 17, 18, 23, 25, 26, 33, 34, 40 and Kanr exceeded 50% in all populations. A total of 81 virulence phenotypes (based on the standard set of 20 differentials) were identified among 108 isolates. The most common phenotypes were PHSTQ, THTTR, PHTTR and TKTTR. The minimum genetic distance (the highest similarity) was established between the P. triticina populations from susceptible cv. Krasnodarskaya 99 and cv. Brigada with race‐specific resistance. P. triticina populations from the susceptible cultivar in the three agro‐ecological zones were less variable and more similar than the cultivar‐specific and natural pathogen populations. Resistance types of host cultivars seem to have a greater effect on the pathogen population than abiotic factors. Nevertheless, abiotic factors need to be considered when making decisions about deployment of wheat varieties. Our results support the paradigm of a shift in the population of an obligate parasite towards increased virulence in response to the selection pressure of cultivars with race‐specific resistance.
Revenue losses from corporate tax avoidance: Estimations from the UNUWIDER Government Revenue Dataset
Authors: Chiari Alessandro 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCorporate profit shifting to tax havens negatively impacts corporate tax revenue, particularly in low‐income countries. Two studies published in 2016 and 2018 have proven this correlation using data from 2013. In this paper, I use the 2021 version of the UNU‐WIDER Government Revenue Dataset (GRD) to estimate government revenue losses in 2019 and to observe possible changes associated with the release of the new dataset. My estimations indicate that global tax revenue losses in 2019 are around USD 480 billion if estimated using statutory tax rates, compared to USD 500 billion in 2013. The volume of tax revenue losses in 2019 increases to USD 600 billion if estimated using effective tax rates. In terms of GDP percentage, my estimations confirm the presence of a higher share of losses in low‐income, and more generally, in non‐OECD countries, and they show a higher intensity of tax avoidance practices in those countries. The results also suggest that the total level of tax revenue losses has plateaued, with no increase in losses occurring since 2013 if estimated using statutory tax rates, while an increasing trend is visible for estimates using effective tax rates, although not with the same magnitudes with respect to others recent studies.
Effect of Lumenato a Tomato derived oral supplement on improving skin barrier strength
Authors: Tarshish Elizabeth , Hermoni Karin , Muizzuddin Neelam 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionImprovement of skin barrier strength could lead to healthy and youthful appearance. “Beauty inside‐out” approach using nutraceuticals such as tomato derived carotenoids to support skin barrier strength could be of benefit to the ageing population.MethodA panel of 60 female subjects were provided with the Lumenato capsules (containing carotenoids) or placebo capsules as nutritional supplements for 3 months. Skin health and barrier function were observed using evaporimeter which measures trans epidermal water loss (TEWL). Barrier strength was determined by study of the number of strippings required to disrupt skin barrier and barrier repair was observed in terms of TEWL a few hours after barrier disruption. Cutometer was used to observe skin firmness and elasticity. Measurements were obtained before treatment and after 4 and 12 weeks of use.ResultsResults indicated a statistically significant improvement (p < 0.05) in skin barrier strength; a higher number of strippings were required to disrupt skin barrier after 12 weeks of supplement use. There was also a significant improvement in skin firmness and elasticity as observed with a cutometer.ConclusionBased on the confines and conditions of this study, oral supplementation with Lumenato resulted in significant improvement in skin barrier as well as skin firmness and elasticity.
Recurrent pregnancy loss in a patient with anti‐Rh17
Authors: Moiz Bushra , Salman Muhammed , Rasheed Seher , Qudus Ruhul , Millard Glenda , Hyland Catherine A. , Flower Robert L. , Wilson Brett , Turner Robyn , Lopez Genghis H. , Liew Yew‐Wah 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundRh is one of the most important blood group systems in transfusion medicine. The two homologous genesRHDandRHCEare located on chromosome 1p36.11 and encode for RhD and RhCE proteins, respectively. Complex genetic polymorphisms result in a variety of antigenic expression of D, C, E, c, and e. Here, we describe a case of a young female with D−− who developed anti‐Rh17 secondary to blood transfusion and had signs of haemolytic disease of the fetus and fetal death in five consecutive pregnancies.Case DescriptionEDTA‐whole blood samples were collected from the patient, husband and eight siblings for blood grouping, phenotyping, and red cell antibody screening. Extracted DNA was genotyped by SNP‐microarray and massively parallel sequencing (MPS) with targeted blood group exome sequencing. Copy number variation analysis was performed to identify structural variants in theRHDandRHCE. Routine phenotyping showed all family members were D+. The patient's red blood cells were C−E−c−e−, Rh17− and Rh46− and had anti‐Rh17 and anti‐e antibodies. MPS showed the patient carried a wildtypeRHDsequence and homozygous forRHCE(1)–D(2–9)–CE(10) hybrid gene predicted to express a D−− phenotype.ConclusionsOur patient had a rare D−− phenotype and confirmed to haveRHCE/RHDhybrid gene with replacement of 2–9 exons ofRHCEbyRHDsequences. Unfortunately, our patient developed anti‐Rh17 and anti‐e antibodies due to blood transfusion and suffered fetal demise in her very first pregnancy. The adverse outcomes could have been prevented by active prenatal management.
Evaluation of SaTo pans as a new latrine technology in Kisumu County healthcare facilities, Kenya
Authors: Prentice‐Mott Graeme , Odhiambo Aloyce , Conners Erin E. , Mwaki Alex , Blackstock Anna J. , Oremo Jared , Akelo Oscar , Eleveld Alie , Quick Robert , Murphy Jennifer , Berendes David M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesInnovations to improve public sanitation facilities, especially in healthcare facilities (HCFs) in low‐income countries, are limited. SaTo pans represent novel, largely untested, modifications to reduce odour and flies and improve acceptability of HCF sanitation facilities. We conducted a pilot project to evaluate acceptability, cleanliness, flies and odour within latrines in 37 HCFs in Kisumu, Kenya, randomised into intervention (SaTo pan modifications) and control arms by sub‐county and HCF level.MethodsAt baseline (pre‐intervention) and endline (>3 months after completion of SaTo pan installations in latrines in intervention HCFs), we surveyed users, cleaners and in‐charges, observed odour and cleanliness, and assessed flies using fly tape. Unadjusted difference‐in‐difference analysis compared changes from baseline to endline in patient‐reported acceptability and observed latrine conditions between intervention and control HCFs. A secondary assessment compared patient‐reported acceptability following use of SaTo pan versus non‐SaTo pan latrines within intervention HCFs.ResultsPatient‐reported acceptability of latrines was higher following the intervention (baseline: 87%, endline: 96%, p = 0.05). However, patient‐reported acceptability was also high in the control arm (79%, 86%, p = 0.34), and the between‐arm difference‐in‐difference was not significant. Enumerator‐observed odour declined in intervention latrines (32%–14%) compared with controls (36%–51%, difference‐in‐difference ratio: 0.32, 95% confidence interval: 0.12–0.84), but changes in flies, puddling of urine and visible faeces did not differ between arms. In the secondary assessment, fewer intervention than control latrines had patient‐reported flies (0% vs. 26%) and odour (18% vs. 50%), and reported satisfaction was greater. Most cleaners reported dropholes and floors were easier to clean in intervention versus controls; limited challenges with water for flushing were reported.ConclusionsOur results suggest SaTo pans may be acceptable by cleaners and users and reduce odour in HCF sanitation facilities, though challenges exist and further evaluation with larger sample sizes is needed.
Hepatic abscessation in dogs: A multicenter study of 56 cases (2010–2019)
Authors: Burke Jasper E. , Hess Rebecka S. , McEntee Elisa P. , Griffin Maureen A. , Harmon Selimah M. , Silverstein Deborah C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the clinical findings, treatment strategies, and outcomes in dogs with confirmed hepatic abscessation.DesignRetrospective cohort study from 2010 to 2019.SettingMulticenter study.AnimalsFifty‐six client‐owned dogs with hepatic abscessation confirmed by culture, cytology, or histopathology.Measurements and Main ResultsDogs were presented for lethargy (39/56), hyporexia (31/56), and vomiting (26/56). Abnormal physical examination findings included increased temperature (41/56) and abdominal pain (22/54). CBCs revealed neutrophilia (31/49), toxic changes (25/49), anemia (28/49), and thrombocytopenia (23/49). Biochemical analyses revealed increased alkaline phosphatase (45/50), increased alanine aminotransferase (40/50), hypoalbuminemia (25/48), and hyperbilirubinemia (19/49). Hypoglycemia was found in 13 of 49 dogs. Hepatic abscesses ranging from 0.5 to 15 cm in diameter were identified ultrasonographically in 37 of 48 dogs; 19 of 37 had solitary abscesses, and 18 of 37 had multifocal abscessation. Escherichia coli was the most commonly cultured organism, isolated in 18 of 42 cases. Histopathology revealed underlying hepatic neoplasia in 10 of 47 dogs. Surgical management was performed in 41 of 49 dogs, and 35 of 41 survived to discharge. Medical management was performed in 8 of 49 dogs, and 5 of 8 survived to discharge. With univariate analysis, hypoglycemia and multifocal abscessation were associated with decreased odds of survival (odds ratio [OR]: 0.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.03–0.9,P = 0.04; OR: 0.07, 95% CI: 0.01–0.6,P = 0.02, respectively). With multivariate analysis, only multifocal abscessation was associated with decreased odds of survival (OR: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.01–0.87,P = 0.04).ConclusionsHepatic abscessation, although rare, should remain a differential diagnosis for dogs presenting with nonspecific clinical signs and increase liver enzyme activities, especially with concurrent increased temperature and neutrophilia. Rate of survival to discharge for dogs in this study was consistent with previously reported survival rates, with 40 of 56 (71%) of the total population surviving to discharge. No variables assessed were able to predict survival to discharge; however, hypoglycemia and multifocal abscessation should be assessed in larger populations to determine prognostic significance.
Usefulness of an auditory aid to improve chest compression rate accuracy during cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Authors: Genetti Ashley , Llewellyn Efa A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo assess compression rate accuracy among veterinarians and registered veterinary nurses (RVNs) without and with an audible aid.DesignProspective study with use of a canine CPR manikin.SettingSmall animal teaching hospital.SubjectsThirty‐six participants (20 veterinarians and 16 RVNs).InterventionsEach participant completed the first 2‐minute cycle of chest compressions without an auditory aid on a canine CPR manikin. Each participant was then randomized to 1 of 3 auditory aid groups (Group B: Bee Gees “Stayin’ Alive”; Group Q: Queen “Another One Bites the Dust”; or Group M: traditional metronome) and then completed a second 2‐minute cycle of chest compressions with the instruction to synchronize their compression rate with the beat of the auditory aid. An accurate chest compression rate was defined as obtaining a rate between 100 and 120 compressions per minute (cpm).Measurements and Main ResultsMedian number of compressions administered by participants during Cycle 1 for the first minute was 111 (range 88–140) and for the second minute was 107 (range 80–151), with 25 of 36 (69%) participants obtaining an accurate chest compression rate. Median number of compressions administered during Cycle 2 for the first minute was 110 (range 76–125) and for the second minute was 110 (range 72–125), with 34 of 36 participants (94%) obtaining an accurate chest compression rate. Participants were more likely to obtain an accurate chest compression rate when an auditory aid was present compared to without (McNemar's test; P = 0.013). Subgroup analysis suggested the auditory aid was beneficial in Groups Q and M but not Group B (Kruskal–Wallis with Dunn's post hoc testing; P = 0.014, P = 0.0455, and P = 0.5637, respectively).ConclusionsAn auditory aid was associated with improved chest compression rate accuracy. However, as the auditory aid was not beneficial for Group B participants, our findings suggest that some auditory aids are more helpful than others.