bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyzing the Effects of Statin on Long Term Mortality in Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Аджам А.О. , Джасим Р.А. 
Published: February 2024

Цель. Изучение влияния различных видов и доз статинов на долгосрочную смертность у пациентов с ишемической болезнью сердца (ИБС), принимавших статины. Материалы и методы. 10 000 пациентов с ИБС были включены в ретроспективное когортное исследование в течение десятилетнего периода. Было выявлено 7000 пациентов, принимавших статины, и 3000, не принимавших их. Основным результатом стала смертность от всех причин. Принимая во внимание возможные мешающие факторы, отношение рисков (ОР) смерти оценивалось с использованием многомерных моделей пропорциональных рисков Кокса. Результаты. По сравнению с теми, кто не принимал статины, у тех, кто их принимал, наблюдался значительно более низкий уровень смертности в течение 10 лет (22% против 35%; p<0,001). Аторвастатин и розувастатин были связаны с самыми низкими показателями смертности (ОР: 0,63, 95% ДИ: 0,55–0,72; p<0,001 и ОР: 0,65, 95% ДИ: 0,58–0,74; p<0,001 соответственно). Различные виды статинов имели разные эффекты. По сравнению с лечением низкими дозами высокие и умеренные дозы продемонстрировали снижение смертности (ОР: 0,60, 95% ДИ: 0,52–0,69; p<0,001 и ОР: 0,70, 95% ДИ: 0,62–0,79; p<0,001 соответственно). Заключение. В зависимости от вида и дозы статинов их прием значительно снижает отдаленную смертность у пациентов с ИБС. Эти результаты подчеркивают ценность индивидуализированного подхода к лечению статинами для достижения наилучшего контроля ИБС.
Purpose. To investigate the effects of various statin kinds and doses on long-term mortality in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) who were taking statins. Materials and methods. 10,000 CAD patients were the subject of a retrospective cohort study during a ten- year period. There were identified 7,000 statin users and 3,000 non- users. All-cause mortality was the major result. Taking into account possible confounders, hazard ratios (HRs) for death were estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. Results. When compared to non-users, statin users had a considerably reduced 10-year mortality rate (22 percent vs 35 percent; p<0.001). Atorvastatin and Rosuvastatin were related with the lowest mortality rates (HR: 0.63, 95 percent CI: 0.55–0.72; p<0.001 and HR: 0.65, 95 percent CI: 0.58–0.74; p<0.001, respectively). Different kinds of statins had varied effects. When compared to low-dose treatment, high and moderate doses of statin medication demonstrated reduced mortality (HR: 0.60, 95 percent CI: 0.52–0.69; p<0.001 and HR: 0.70, 95 percent CI: 0.62–0.79; p<0.001, respectively). Conclusion. According to statin type and dose, statin medication considerably lowers long-term mortality in CAD patients. These results highlight the value of individualised statin medication in achieving the best CAD control.
Pengaruh Variasi Media Carburizer terhadap Struktur Micro dan Kekerasan Baja Aisi 1045
Authors: Bunganaen Wenseslaus , Adoe Dominggus G. H. , Pady Aldy 
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of media variations of 90% kusambi charcoal and 10% shellfish, 90% kusambi charcoal and 10% rice husks, and 90% rice husks and 10% shells. Kusambi charcoal 90% and 10% rice husk, 90% rice husk and 10% shellfish. For the microstructure and hardness of steel AISI 1045, the material used in this research is medium carbon steel, the process of making the specimen is done by cutting it into several parts. The cutting is done to make it easier to place the specimens in the carburizing box then 90% kusambi charcoal mixed with 10% shellfish, 90% kusambi charcoal mixed with 10% rice husks, and 90% rice husks mixed with 10% clamshells. The specimens were subjected to a Carburizing treatment at a temperature of 9500C then a Rockwell hardness test and microstructure testing were carried out. From this study, it can be concluded that the highest average hardness value in the mixture of 90% Kusambi charcoal Carburizer and 10% shellfish was obtained at 39.25 HRC and the material hardness without treatment was 17.08 HRC. From the observation of the microstructure, the surface hardening occurs due to carbon diffusion into medium carbon steel
تأثير البسكويت المدعم بعديد السكارايد الكبريتي المعزول من طحلب كلادوفورا فراكتا (Cladophora fracta): الخصائص الريولوجية والوظيفية والحسية
Authors: Jasem Mohanad , Merai Abd- Alwahab , Nizam Adnan Ali 
Published: January 2024

إن المحاور البحثية تتجه إلى دمج التقنية الحيوية مع تصنيع الأغذية الوظيفية، حيث يهدف هذا البحث إلى استخلاص عديد السكارايد الكبريتي من طحلب كلادوفورا فراكتا (طحلب الماء العذب الأخضر) بتقنية الأمواج فوق الصوتية واستعمال الأسيتون 70% كمذيب، ثم تنقيته باستعمال هلام الترشيح G-100الكروماتوغرافي وتحديد مكوناته، إضافة إلى التحري عن تأثيره على الخواص الريولوجية للعجين، وعلى زيادة الخواص المضادة للتأكسد في البسكويت. بلغ المردود من عملية الاستخلاص 12.2%، الذي أخضع لعملية التنقية بهلام الترشيح ليعطي قمتين من الأجزاء المفصولة تدعى F1 وF2، وتبين أن عديد السكارايد الكبريتي المنقى يتكون من وحدات سكرية، بروتين، أحماض يورانية ومجموعة السلفدريل بناءً على طيف الأشعة تحت الحمراء القريبة(FT-IR). وتم تقدير هذه المكونات بالنسبة المئوية كربوهيدرات) 60.06 و68.2 (%، بروتين) 2.41 و1.38 (%، أحماض يورانية) 18.9 و10.90 (%، سلفات) 8.55 و9.5 (% على التوالي. وتم تقدير الفعالية المضادة للتأكسد لعديد السكارايد الخام والمنقى منه (F1 وF2) على تركيز 10 % بناءً على اختبار˙: DPPH 34) , 35، 34.3(% على الترتيب، أما بناءً على اختبار: ABTS⁺˙ (7, 18, 12) % على التوالي. وبناءً على التحليل الكروماتوغرافي السائل عالي الأداء تألفت الوحدات السكرية من أربعة سكريات بسيطة مختلفة (الجلاك توز11.8 %، ال رامنوز10.9 %، الكزايلوز 10.3 %والأرايبنوز 12.9 %). تم إضافة الأجزاء المفصولة المكونة لـF1 و F2 من عديد السكارايد الكبريتي المنقى إلى دقيق القمح الصلب بنسب (0.5 , 1 ,) 1.5 % على التوالي, وقد أثرت كلا القمتين على الخواص الريولوجية للعجين, وغيرت في مؤشرات الفارينوغراف والإكستنسوغراف؛ وقد ادت الى تخفيض زمن تطور العجين و ثباته مقارنة مع الدقيق بدون إضافتهما: 3.9 و 3.6 دقيقة على التوالي. كما عملت هذه الإضافة على زيادة مرونة العجين، حيث ترافقت زيادة قيم المرونة بازدياد تركيز F1 وF2، وكانت الأعلى عند استعمال التركيز 1.5 % من عديد السكارايد الكبريتي المنقى المضاف، حيث كانت 158 و160 مم على التوالي، مما يشير إلى ازدياد ضعف العجين، وأدّت إضافة عديد السكارايد الكبريتي المنقى على انخفاض في بقية مؤشرات الإكستنسوغراف. ادت اضافة الأجزاء المفصولة المكونة للقمة F2 بنسب (0.5 , 1، 1.5) % إلى دقيق القمح بغرض تصنيع البسكويت المدعم بعديد السكارايد الكبريتي الى ارتفاع نسبة عديد السكارايد الكبريتي المضاف مما جعل البسكويت أكثر قتامة، وتم إجراء التقييم الحسي للبسكويت المدعم، حيث اتفق جميع المحكمين بأن المعاملة التي استعمل معها عديد سكارايد كبريتي بنسبة 1% هي الأفضل من حيث القبول العام. كما أدى تدعيم البسكويت بعديد السكارايد الكبريتي المنقى F2 إلى زيادة الفعالية المضادة للتأكسد للبسكويت المدعم بناءً على اختبار DPPH• و ABTS•+وذلك طوال فترة تخزينه, وترافقت هذه الزيادة بزيادة نسبة عديد السكارايد الكبريتي المضاف مقارنة بالشاهد إذ بلغت نسبة التركيز الذي يضمن كنس الجذور الحرة 50% (IC50 ) في معاملة الشاهد 5.37 غ/غ فيما يتعلق باختبار DPPH• و 5.72 غ/غ لاختبارABTS•+, وتفوقت المعاملة التي استعمل معها 1.5 % عديد السكارايد الكبريتي المنقى على بقية المعاملات, حيث وصلت قيمة IC50 إلى 0.16 غ/ غ لاختبار DPPH• و 0.01 غ/ غ لاختبارABTS+• ما جعل البسكويت المُصنع ان يصبح من الأغذية الوظيفية.
Penerapan Permainan Teka-Teki Silang Untuk Meningkatkan Kompetensi Bahasa Arab Tingkat SMP
Authors: Adinda robi'atul Adawiyah  , Farikh Marzuki  
Published: February 2024

Education in Indonesia has an important role in advancing the quality of human resources. In order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to provide variations in learning media so that students are active so that learning becomes effective. This research aims to improve the mastery of Arabic vocabulary for class VII SMP NU HASYIM ASY' ARI SEDATI SIDOARJO. Therefore, this research applies the crossword puzzle game as media. This type of research is Classroom Action Research (PTK). This Classroom Action Research was carried out in two cycles, each cycle had four planning stages, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. This research was carried out at SMP NU HASYIM ASY'ARI SEDATI SIDOARJO and the research subjects this time were 39 class VII students. This research was carried out during the odd semester of the 2023/2024 academic year. This research was conducted using 2 cycles. Cycle 1 was carried out on Monday 07 August 2023 with a percentage gain of 24%. Cycle 2 was carried out on Monday 28 August 2023 with a percentage gain of 87%. From the comparison of the two cycles, there is a very significant increase of 63%. It is proven that increasing the use of crossword puzzle game media is very effective.
Pembinaan Karakter Religius Siswa Berkebutuhan Khusus di SLB Autisme River Kids Malang: Studi Kasus
Authors: Daryono M. Ferdy Daryono 
Published: February 2024

Pendidikan karakter pada anak berkebutuhan khusus merupakan salah satu fokus dari tujuan pendidikan inklusif. Dengan terbentuknya karakter siswa maka akan terbentuk individu yang memiliki budi pekerti yang mulia. Salah satu karakter yang perlu ditanamkan pada siswa adalah karakter religius. Mengingat perbedaan tingkat intelegensi siswa berkebutuhan khusus dengan siswa normal di Sekolah reguler, maka pembinaan karakter religius siswa berkebutuhan khusus memerlukan strategi dan metode yang sesuai agar efisien dalam proses pembinaan karakter religius siswa berkebutuhan khusus. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan bagaimana pembinaan karakter religius siswa berkebutuhan khusus di SLB Autisme River Kids Malang. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus atau case study, teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi yang terkait dengan fokus penelitian. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa pembinaan karakter religius siswa berkebutuhan khusus di SLB Autisme River Kids Malang ditanamkan melalui program kegiatan keagamaan seperti sholat berjama’ah, membaca Al-Qur’an, sholat dhuha, dan membaca do’a sebelum dan sesudah belajar, proses pembinaan berjalan cukup baik namun masih belum maksimal dikarenakan kurangnya interaksi antara siswa yang disebabkan oleh keterbatasan siswa itu sendiri sehingga juga diperlukan pemaksimalan penanaman keterampilan sosial agar menjadikan siswa berkebutuhan khusus sebagai individu yang berkarakter religius dan mampu untuk hidup rukun dan toleran dengan pemeluk agama lain sesuai dengan konsep karakter religius menurut Kementrian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Indonesia.
Kata kunci: Pembinaan, Karakter Religius, Siswa Berkebutuhan Khusus.
Minority Languages Between Italy and Slovenia – Why Do We Need a Cross-Border Schooling System
Authors: Grgič Matejka 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The article presents some preliminary considerations and outcomes of a research programme conducted within the project Eduka2. The investigations brought to light the need of a new or – at least – renewed educational model in the multilingual border area between Italy in Slovenia. Both communities (the Slovenian in Italy and the Italian in Slovenia) have already established their own schooling system with the minority language used as the vehicular language in the education processes. Even though this model seems to be the most successful and efficient in ensuring the development of the speakers’ communication competence, many studies have shown its limits – these limits are now confirmed also by the data collected within the project Eduka2. The article presents some open sociolinguistic issues that could have a negative impact on the maintenance of the minority languages, and suggests a possible solution with an upgrade of the existing schooling model.
Political Representation and Empowerment of Roma in Slovenia: A Case for National Reserved Representation
Authors: Zevnik Andreja , Russell Andrew 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Some democratic societies use reserved representation mechanisms to address the under-representation of marginalised minority groups. We analyse the case of Slovenian Roma – a marginalised minority group afforded limited representational rights by the state. Drawing on the theoretical framework of reserved representation and minority rights, we argue that extending reserved representational rights for Roma to the national level would correct a fundamental institutional design oversight. It would constitute a significant step towards recognising Roma as a minority and an equal political actor in Slovenia and create an opportunity for political empowerment of the community and allow Roma to begin to address their socio-economic marginalisation.
Current Political Situation among Members of the Slovene Community in Croatia
Authors: Riman Barbara , Zver Sofija 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The article offers an analysis of the status of the members of the Slovene community in Croatia with special focus on their participation in public political life. Their inclusion into public political life is highly important for the status of the minority. Slovenes in Croatia are well known to be apolitical, refusing to publicly identify themselves as members of the Slovene minority. Their lack of activity in politics contributes to their less favourable status, manifested above all in the acquisition of certain rights.
Impact of the Covid-19 Coronavirus Disease Pandemic on Slovene Organisations and Institutions in the Raba Region
Authors: Hirnök Katalin Munda 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The article provides an analysis of the activities of Slovene organisations and institutions in the Raba Region during the first wave of the Covid-19 epidemic. Initially, the author points to the vulnerability of the Slovene national community, which is closely related to historical circumstances. The study of articles published in electronic media and the analysis of the results of online surveys and semi-structured interviews with Slovene minority organisations and institutions in the Raba Region suggest that the Slovene national community adapted to the new normality and coped with the challenges brought by the epidemic relatively well. The closure of border crossings between the Raba Region and Goričko cut cross-border contacts, thus affecting the Slovene minority in all areas of life and stirring discomfort and criticism among the Slovenes from the Raba Region. Due to the unpredictable course of the Covid-19 epidemic, it is not yet possible to anticipate any longterm consequences thereof for the activity of Slovene organisations in the Raba Region.
A Comparative Demo-Geographic Perspective of Covid-19 Spread and Measures in Slovenia with a Special Emphasis on Regional Disparities and Border Areas
Authors: Josipovič Damir 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The article examines how the initial Covid-19 spread reached Slovenia, how the infections are distributed across the Slovenian regions, and what disparities can be traced in municipalities, especially along the Croatian and Austrian borders. Furthermore, it identifies the demographic groups most affected by the restrictive measures as well as by SARS-CoV-2 infections and Covid-19 deaths. The research hypothesis was that peripheral and border area populations, including ethnic minorities, in Slovenia suffer the Covid-19 restrictions the most. Employing interdisciplinary analyses, we conclude that the spread of Covid-19 in Slovenia and the imposed lockdowns to municipalities create new vulnerable groups and that the wholesale lockdown cannot deliver the desired results if oriented to broad populations without considering regional and local disparities.
Impacts of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus and Covid-19 Pandemic on Societies, Sciences and Minorities
Authors: Žagar Mitja 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic, its impacts and consequences are addressed in the context of acute crises, such as environmental, ecological, climate, economic and social crises caused and/or aggravated by human impact in the Anthropocene, mainly as negative consequences of a capitalist economy and unlimited growth guided by short-term profits. Successful global crisis management, Covid-19 management included, demands coordinated and integrated approaches, strategies and policies that promote sustainable, green, ecologically and socially responsible, balanced, inclusive, solidary and fair societies, economy and development. In particular, the article addresses the impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on societies, science(s), minorities and persons belonging to them, focusing on their situations, position, status, rights and protection, inclusion, integration, participation and representation.
The Slovene Community in Italy and the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Brezigar Sara 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Italy was the first country of the Western world to experience the outburst of the Covid-19 pandemic, and slowing it down required a swift and sizable adaptation of all aspects of life in Italy. Based on a preliminary qualitative study and relying on existing primary and secondary data sources, the author explores the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on the Slovene community in Italy. Although the community shared the same fate as the rest of Italy’s population in terms of restrictive measures and limitations to human rights, the author argues that some of the measures had a different, sometimes disproportionate and harmful effect on the community. Similarly, the changes in modus vivendi et operandi of the minority and its members that appeared as a side-effect of the pandemic may alter significantly the functioning of the minority in the future, and wider integration processes in the cross-border region may be slowed down or even reversed.
Pragmatism and Non-national Perception of Homeland by Younger Generations of Slovenian Emigrants
Authors: Kovačič Gorazd 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The article researches the subjective perception of migration, the reasons for emigration and the conditions for return, and the perception of homeland by recent emigrants from Slovenia. Since the 2008–2015 economic crisis, there has been a strong stream of net emigration and brain drain from Slovenia. By means of semi-structured interviews with recent emigrants, we found out that their prevailing reasons for migration were economic, their view of the selected location pragmatic, and their subjective perception of homeland mostly reduced to the narrow social network and world of everyday life. Only a smaller part of the interviewees identifies itself with Slovenia as an organised cultural and political space. Therefore, under the condition of the free movement of labour within the EU and a semi-peripheral position of the Slovene economy, new waves of net emigration from Slovenia can be expected in the future, especially in periods of economic crises.
Are the Gottschee Germans in Diaspora a Part of Slovene Emigration?
Authors: Moric Anja 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Slovene nationalism has developed along the lines of the so-called Eastern nationalisms, which are characterised by their understanding of culture and ethnicity as the fundamental unifying element of a nation. Accordingly, the prevailing view is that the Slovene nation and Slovene emigration are based on Slovene ethnic origin and the Slovene language, wherefore the members of other ethnic groups (Germans, Hungarians, Jews, etc.) are excluded from the concept of Slovene nationhood or Slovene emigration, despite their longstanding presence in the territory of the Republic of Slovenia. Indeed, the question arises; if they do not belong to Slovene emigration, to whose emigration do they belong? Based on the civic (voluntaristic, territorial) understanding of the nation and field research conducted among the Gottscheer diaspora in the USA, Canada, Austria and Germany, I analyse the problem described in the case of Gottschee Germans.
Protection of Autochthonous National Communities in the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia
Authors: Göncz László 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The article explores the drafting and adoption of the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia in terms of protection of the rights of autochthonous national communities at the time of Slovenia's independence, with an emphasis on the Hungarian national community. Once the Constitution was adopted, the umbrella organisation of the Hungarian community noted that the competences of autochthonous national communities in terms of representation at the state level as well as in the fields of the economy, human resources policy, and use of their symbols expanded and financing became more stable, whereas the constitutional status of autochthonous national communities deteriorated as they were no longer listed as entities contributing to the identity of the state. Moreover, the legislature failed to adopt the planned constitutional law or a general law integrating the most relevant constitutional provisions and encouraging a more consistent implementation and monitoring thereof.
(In)Appropriateness of the Criterium of Autochthony in the Regulation on the Status of Roma in Slovenia
Authors: Sancin Vasilka , Dine Maša Kovič , Turšič Domen 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The article discusses the legal protection of the rights of the Roma community and its members enshrined in the existing international instruments and mechanisms, particularly those concerning the protection of minorities and human rights, and in the Slovenene legislation. It critically analyses the applicable legal sources, state practice and jurisprudence in order to prove the hypothesis that autochthony, as a criterion for recognising the special rights of the members of the Roma community in Slovenia, is not imbedded in the relevant international or Slovene law and is even incompatible with international legal obligations in the field of human rights. It criticizes the suggested amendments of the Roma Community Act, which are likely to result in a regression of the status of Roma community members in Slovenia and increased non-compliance with Slovenia’s international legal obligations.
Execution of Forced “Gypsy” Assimilation Policy in Hungary during the Socialist Era
Authors: Hajnáczky Tamás 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Following World War II, Hungary fell under the influence and surveillance of the Soviet Union. This resulted in the Hungarian Workers’ Party assuming complete control over the nation. After the defeat of the 1956 Revolution, the ruling party re-formed as the Hungarian Socialist Workers’ Party, and after a few years of preparatory work, it composed its Roma policy of forced assimilation. This study presents the Roma policy of the single party state as carried out in the county of Borsod-Abauj-Zemplen. This county had the largest Roma population and was simultaneously designated for major socialist industrialisation and social engineering. Following the transition to democracy in 1989/90, numerous sociological and anthropological studies were conducted in the region, and this location remains highly emphasised in Hungarian social sciences. In presenting the nationwide Roma policy, I have used my source publication, while in examining policy execution in Borsod-Abauj-Zemplen county, I have relied on the county archives.