bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered levels of cerebrospinal fluid reelin in frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Sáez‐Valero Javier , Costell Mercedes , Sjögren Magnus , Andreasen Niels , Blennow Kaj , Luque Juan M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractReelin is an essential glycoprotein for correct cytoarchitectonic organization during CNS development. Its function in the adult brain is far less well understood, but altered brain and blood reelin levels have been reported in some psychiatric disorders, and the possibility has been considered of an involvement of the reelin signaling pathway in neurodegeneration. Here we report, for the first time, the presence of detectable levels of reelin in rat and human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and show evidence for the involvement of a 180‐kDa reelin fragment in two neurodegenerative disorders. This fragment was analyzed by Western blotting in CSF samples from 13 healthy control individuals and 14 frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and 20 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Increased CSF 180‐kDa reelin was found in FTD (161.7 ± 6.7 arbitrary units; a.u.) and AD (151.4 ± 3.8 a.u.) compared with control individuals (141.4 ± 1.2 a.u., P < 0.05). Our results strongly suggest the involvement of reelin signaling in neurodegenerative pathologies. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bulk viscoelastic contribution to the wet‐sliding friction of rubber compounds
Authors: Pan Xiao‐Dong , Kelley Edward D. , Hayes Michael W. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe wet‐sliding friction characteristics of rubber compounds made of high cis‐polybutadiene were examined with a British pendulum skid tester at room temperature. Three series of compounds were prepared—unfilled or filled with carbon black at two different levels. The bulk viscoelastic properties as characterized by the bulk glass‐transition temperature for the compounds were systematically adjusted by changing the crosslinking density via sulfur vulcanization. In fact, the dynamic mechanical glass‐transition temperature for the compounds ranges between approximately −100 and 20 °C. Consequently, the wet‐sliding friction of these rubber compounds is dramatically affected. With increasing compound glass‐transition temperature, the wet‐sliding friction increases to a maximum and then decreases. However, the rate of increase or decrease varies with the amount of filler in the compounds. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 757–771, 2003
Evaluation of an enzyme immunoassay for the detection of the insect growth regulator fenoxycarb in environmental and biological samples
Authors: Le Hong T M , Szurdoki Ferenc , Székács András 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for fenoxycarb was adapted for quantitative detection of this insect growth regulator in various environmental, agricultural, food and biological matrices. Environmental samples were taken from soil and surface waters in Hungary. The ELISA enabled fenoxycarb detection in surface waters in the 1.1–125 ng ml−1 concentration range without sample cleanup. In contrast, soil produced a strong matrix effect due to humic acids and other soil components. Several fruit homogenates and commercial fruit juices (eg apple, pear, grape) were analyzed by the ELISA. The assay was found to be suitable for analysis of fenoxycarb in fruit juices diluted 1:40. Biological samples included insect, fish and bovine tissues. The ELISA was applied to detect fenoxycarb in various biological matrices from larvae of the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. The assay proved useful for the analysis of haemolymph diluted 1:10 or at higher dilutions. Fat body and whole body homogenates, however, caused severe matrix effects. Fenoxycarb was detected in liver homogenates (diluted 1:40) from fish treated with various doses of fenoxycarb, and the concentrations determined correlated with the applied doses. The method was used to analyze spiked bovine urine samples diluted 1:10 or at greater dilutions. Fenoxycarb content determined by the ELISA in water and fruit juice samples was validated using GC‐MS with solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) sample preparation. The results of these studies demonstrated both the value and limitations of the assay when used for monitoring fenoxycarb in environmental, food and biological samples.© 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Local early induced resistance of plants as the first line of defence against bacteria
Authors: Klement Zoltán , Bozsó Zoltán , Kecskés Mihály L , Besenyei Eszter , Arnold Czelleng , Ott Péter G 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis paper is an overview of a non‐specific local early induced resistance (EIR) mechanism, distinct from the incompatible‐specific hypersensitive reaction (HR). We have shown that the local induced resistance (LIR) described earlier is not a single and uniform response to pathogen infection, because an early (EIR) and a late form can be distinguished. EIR operates from 3–6 h post‐inoculation (hpi) until about 20 hpi, and is inhibited by a short heat‐shock or the eukaryotic protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide. In contrast, LIR, which corresponds to the induced resistance forms discovered earlier, requires more time (about 24 h) and intensive illumination to develop, and is effective for a longer period. EIR develops parallel with HR and is sometimes able to prevent it when the induction time of HR is longer than the time required for the development of EIR. It seems that EIR inhibits the metabolism of bacteria and the activity of hrp genes which otherwise are required for the induction of HR. In a compatible host–pathogen relationship the effect of EIR fails to take place. The rapid development of EIR is greatly influenced by temperature and the physiological state of the plant. EIR activates the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide at the bacterial attachment, expressing new peroxidase isoenzymes in the initiated plant tissue. It seems that this is a native general local defence mechanism which can localise foreign organisms even at the penetration site.© 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Environmental complexity has different effects on the structure of neurons in the prefrontal cortex versus the parietal cortex or nucleus accumbens
Authors: Kolb Bryan , Gorny Grazyna , Söderpalm Anna H. V. , Robinson Terry E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractComplex housing has been used widely as a model of experience‐dependent change. Animals housed in complex environments typically show synaptogenesis throughout the sensory and motor cortex as well as the striatum and hippocampus, and thus it is generally assumed that such changes are likely to be found throughout the cerebrum. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether persistent alterations of dendritic morphology would be found in two regions that had previously not been examined, namely, the medial prefrontal region (Cg3) and nucleus accumbens (NAcc). The results show that housing female rats in complex environments for 3.5 months increased dendritic arborization on medium spiny neurons in the NAcc and on pyramidal cells in the somatosensory cortex (Par 1), but not in Cg3. Environmental complexity increased spine density in all three areas, however. The failure to find increased dendritic length or branching in Cg3 was unexpected. Thus, the data suggest that complex housing may not engage prefrontal neurons in the same manner as neurons in sensory or motor areas. It appears that complex housing may not produce generalized changes in cerebral morphology. The data further suggest that it is prudent to measure both dendritic length and spine density in studies of experience‐dependent effects on synaptic plasticity. Synapse 48:149–153, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In Situ Observation of Adsorbed Heptylviologen Cation Radicals by Slab Optical Waveguide Spectroscopy Utilizing Indium-tin-oxide Electrode
Authors: Matsuda Naoki , Takatsu Akiko , Kato Kenji , Shigesato Yuzo 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
In situ observation of absorption spectra of heptylviologen cation radical (HV+·) was performed by slab optical waveguide (SOWG) spectroscopy utilizing indium-tin-oxide (ITO) electrodes. It was found that HV+· existed as both monomer and dimer on ITO with a monolayer deposition. With Nafion coated ITO, a band at about 555 nm disappeared, which indicated that this band was assigned to the adsorbed species consisting of HV+· and the counter anion (Br−).
Detection of Radicals and Radical Pairs in Photo-irradiated 2,4,6-Triisopropyl-4′-methoxycarbonylbenzophenone in the Solid State
Authors: Yamauchi Jun , Yasui Satoshi , Ito Yoshikatsu 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Polycrystalline 2,4,6-triisopropyl-4′-methoxycarbonylbenzophenone was photo-irradiated in vacuo and the colored solid obtained exhibited intense ESR signals which are attributable to mono-radical and radical pair species. These are intermediates after the hydrogen abstraction by photo-excited carbonyl from isopropyl group.
Preparation of a Hybrid Preceramic Precursor for Al-Si-C-N Nanocomposites via a Molecular Building Block Approach
Authors: Koyama Seiichi , Nakashima Hiroaki , Sugahara Yoshiyuki , Kuroda Kazuyuki 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
The reaction between (HAlNPri)m (Pri = CH(CH3)2) and [MeSi(H)NH]n (Me = CH3) led to hydrogen elimination to form a hybrid precursor. Thermogravimetry revealed that the ceramic yield of the hybrid precursor was much higher than those of (HAlNPri)m and [MeSi(H)NH]n, which was ascribed to the hydrogen elimination condensation between the AlH groups in (HAlNPri)m and the NH groups in [MeSi(H)NH]n during precursor synthesis and pyrolysis. The pyrolyzed product under Ar was a mixture of β-SiC, β-Si3N4 and 2H wurtzite-type compound, and the particle sizes were in the range of 20-30 nm.
Stereoselective Formation of [Cr(edda or eddp)(N-N)]-Type Complexes with 1,10-Phenanthroline (edda=ethylenediamine-N,N′-diacetate; eddp=ethylenediamine-N,N′-dipropionate)
Authors: Yonemura Toshiaki , Nakayama Ryoko , Sakagami Narumi , Okamoto Ken-ichi , Ama Tomoharu , Kawaguchi Hiroshi , Yasui Takaji 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
The [Cr(edda or eddp)(N-N)]-type complexes (edda=ethylenediamine-N,N′-diacetate; eddp=ethylenediamine-N,N′-dipropionate), trans(O)-[Cr(edda)(phen)]Cl and csi(O)-[Cr(eddp)(phen)]Cl, were first prepared stereoselectively and characterized by UV-Vis absorption and IR spectra and X-ray crystal analysis. The optically active (−)CD510-[Cr(edda)(phen)]+ was readily racemized even in an acidic aqueous solution within a period of several hours.
Reactions of [Chloro(1,2-phenylenedioxy)silyl]iron Complex Cp(CO)2FeSiCl(o-O2C6H4) with Nucleophiles
Authors: Yamaguchi Koji , Ueno Keiji , Ogino Hiroshi 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Reactions of FpSiCl(cat)(1:Fp=(η5-C5H5)Fe(CO)2, cat=o-O2C6H4) with lithium 2-(dimethylaminomethyl)phenoxide(LiOArN) afforded FpSi(cat)(OArN) (2), while that with acetylacetone resulted in the formation of a mixture of a hexacoordinate silicon compound Si(cat)(acac)2 (acac=η2-CH3COCHCOCH3) and FpH. Structural determination of 2 by X-ray crystallography revealed that there is no interaction between the silicon atom and the dimethylamino group.
Tetralkylammonium Permanganate Epoxidation of an Unreactive Double Bond by an Intramolecular Oxygen-atom Transfer Process
Authors: Caycho Juana Robles , García-Tellado Fernando , Armas Pedro de , Marrero-Tellado Jose Juan 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
The ammonium permanaganate oxidation of a tricyclic, rigid diene gives the mono- dihydroxylated compound together with the diol- epoxide derivative. The epoxidation involves an intramolecular oxygen- atom transfer process from the anchored manganese (V) diester to the second double bond.
Kinetics of Chain Organization at the Thermochromic Transition of Polysianes
Authors: Sanji Takanobu , Sakamoto Kenkichi , Sakurai Hideki 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Kinetics of the conformational transition of polysilanes was studied by monitoring the time dependent changes in UV absorption. The conformational change is regarded as a process of the crystallization and its time evolution in conformity to the scaling law with three-dimensional growth of the transition.
A Novel Meso-Oxygenation of an Iron Porphyrin Complex Related to Meso-Hydroxylation Catalyzed by Heme Oxygenase
Authors: Murakami Tatsuya , Watanabe Yoshihito , Morishima Isao 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
A novel iron porphyrin complex, FeIII(BMBpCPP) (1a), in which two meso-positions are less hindered, is converted to an iron(III) isoporphyrin complex (3a) via an intermediate (2a) by the reaction with 1 equiv of pNPBA in CH2Cl2 at −70 °C.
Unusual Solvatochromism of a New Conjugated Polymer Containing Oxadiazole
Authors: Meng Hong , Yu Wang-Lin , Huang Hsing Hua , Huang Wei 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
The spectroscopic properties of a new synthesized conjugated polymer constituted of 3,3′-didecyl-2,2′-bithiophene and 2,6-di-1,3,4-oxadiazole-toluene moieties in the mixed solvent system of chloroform (solvent for the polymer) and methanol (non-solvent for the polymer) were studied. An unusual solvatochromism either in absorption or in emission was observed for the first time on conjugated polymers containing oxadiazole.
Kaolinitic Clay Catalyzed Reaction of Sulfur Monochloride with Aromatics: An Efficient and High Yield Synthesis of Symmetrical Disulfides
Authors: Vyas Renu , Chanda Bhanu , Sudalai A 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Kaolinitic clay efficiently catalyses the reaction of sulfur monochloride with arenes to yield symmetrical 4,4′ arene disulfides in a single step under heterogeneous phase.
A Novel Synthesis of 1,3-Diol Diesters by the Reaction of Aldehydes with Oxime Esters Catalyzed by Samarium Complex
Authors: Kawasaki Yumi , Tashiro Daisuke , Sakaguchi Satoshi , Ishii Yasutaka 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
CP*2Sm(thf)2 was found to be an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of 1,3-diol diesters by the coupling reaction of aldehydes with oxime esters under mild conditions. For instance, the reaction of acetaldehyde with cyclohexanone oxime acetate catalyzed by CP*2Sm(thf)2 gave 1,3-diacetoxybutane in 70% yield. Treatment of acetaldehyde with isopropenyl acetate in the presence of a small amount of cyclohexanone oxime acetate and Cp*2Sm(thf)2 resulted in the corresponding 1,3-diol diester in good yield.
Synthesis of a New Nitrone for Detection of Radical Species
Authors: Sato Rikiya , Nakahashi Kenichi , Iwadate Hiroshi , Takeishi Makoto , Igarashi Takashi , Obara Heitaro , Kamada Hitoshi 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
A water-soluble new nitrone, α-(2-pyridyl) N-(2-hydroxy-1,1-dimethylethyl) nitrone, was synthesized and found to be useful for selective detection of oxygen-centered radicals in aqueous reactions.
Reaction of 1,3-Dihalopropene with Trialkylmanganate
Authors: Kakiya Hirotada , Inoue Rie , Shinokubo Hiroshi , Oshima Koichiro 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
A three-component coupling reaction was performed. Treatment of 1,3-dibromopropene or 1,3-dichloropropene with tributylmanganate (n-Bu3MnLi) provided a butylated allylmanganese compound which could be trapped by an electrophile such as benzaldehyde.
Reduction of Dicationic Porphyrin with N21,N22- and N23,N24- Double Bridge
Authors: Setsune Jun-ichiro , Kashihara Kenji , Wada Ken-ichi 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Novel 5H,10H-isoporphomethenes were obtained by the NaBH4 reduction of dicationic porphyrin with N21,N22-(1,2-diphenyletheno) and N23,N24-(ethoxycarbonylmethano) double bridge.
An Expeditious Synthesis of Optically Pure 1,4,5,6-Tetrahydro-as-Triazines, Fused to the Carbohydrate Skeleton
Authors: Saeed Muhammad , Abdel-Jalil Raid J , Voelter Wolfgang , El-Abadelah Mustafa M. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
An easy and high yield one pot reaction to enantiomerically pure 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-as-triazines 5a–d and 8a–d is described, starting from benzyl 4-amino-2,3-anhydro-4-deoxy-β-l-lyxopyranoside (3) and benzyl 4-amino-2,3-anhydro-4-deoxy-α-d-lyxopyranoside (6).
Partial Oxidation of Methane over Ni/θ-Al2O3 Catalysts
Authors: Roh Hyun-Seog , Jun Ki-Won , Dong Wen-Sheng , Park Sang-Eon , Joe Yung-Il 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Ni/θ-Al2O3 exhibits remarkably high catalytic activity and stability in partial oxidation of methane to synthesis gas. It gives more than 98% CH4 conversion, 98% H2 selectivity and 100% CO selectivity at 850 °C and the activity was maintained for 100 h.
The Metal Complex of 2-[2-(4-Cyanophenyl)ethenyl]-8-hydroxyquinoline (2-CEHQ) Ligand: A Novel Trinuclear Zinc(II) Complex with Red Light Emission
Authors: Zhang Jing , Xiong Ren-Gen , Chen Zhen-Feng , You Xiao-Zeng , Lee Gene-Hsiang , Peng Shie-Ming 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
A neutral trinuclear zinc(II) complex containing 2-[2-(4-cyanophenyl)ethenyl]-8-quinolinol (2-CEQH) with strong red light emission was synthesized by hydro(solvo)thermal reaction and its structure was determined by X-ray single crystal diffraction study.
Layered Lithium Insertion Material of LiNi1/2Mn1/2O2 : A Possible Alternative to LiCoO2 for Advanced Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Ohzuku Tsutomu , Makimura Yoshinari 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
We have successfully prepared a layered nickel manganese oxide of LiNi1/2Mn1/2O2 (a = 2.89 Å and c = 14.30 Å in hexagonal setting) and shown that this material may be a possible alternative to LiCoO2 for advanced lithium batteries in terms of the operating voltage, rechargeable capacity, cycleability, safety, and materials economy.
First Electrochemical Reductions of C84 Films on Electrodes
Authors: Nakashima Naotoshi , Wahab Nor Wahida Binti , Mori Makoto , Murakami Hiroto , Sagara Takamasa 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
The higher fullerene C84 embedded in cast films of molecular-bilayer-forming cationic lipids on electrodes was found to exhibit evident electron transfer reactions leading to the generation of C84 multi-charged anions.
Deuterium Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study of Lipophilic Chains in the C12E3/Decane/Water Ternary System
Authors: Tonegawa Akimitsu , Michiue Ayako , Ohno Keiichi , Matsuura Hiroatsu , Yamada Koji , Okuda Tsutomu 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
The order parameters of lipophilic chains in the liquid crystalline phases of the C12E3/decane/water ternary system have been studied by deuterium NMR spectroscopy. The order parameters derived indicate that the decane molecules added to the C12E3/water system penetrate into the lipophilic alkyl layer of the surfactant and make the structure of the lipophilic layer disordered. The lipophilic layers in the reversed hexagonal phase are more disordered than those in the lamellar phase.
Shift of Fe 3d Band due to Chlorine for Fe(III)(salen)
Authors: Shigemi Akio , Tochio Tatsunori , Fujiwara Manabu , Kawai Jun , Matsushita Takayuki , Isozumi Yasuhito , Mukoyama Takeshi , Ikeda Shigero 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
The valence band (VB) spectrum of an iron(III) complex, [Fe(salen)Cl], in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has been calculated with the DV-Xα molecular-orbital method. The influence of chlorine (Cl) in the VB spectrum is examined. It is found that the shallowest binding energy peak in VB spectrum originates from Cl 3p and Fe 3d, and Fe 3d band is deepened due to chlorine for the Fe(III) Schiff base complex in the XPS VB spectra.
Chromophoric System of Unsymmetrical Indamine Dyes Derived from (Diethylamino)thiazole Dimer
Authors: Kim Jae Joon , Funabiki Kazumasa , Shibata Katsuyoshi , Muramatsu Hiroshige , Shiozaki Hisayoshi , Matsui Masaki 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Unsymmetrical indamine dyes have been synthesized by the reaction of (diethylamino)thiazole dimer with 4-nitrosoanilines followed by heating with metal salts. The chromophoric system for these indamine dyes was described as the mixture of the π–π* transition coming from the alternant chromophore inside the bithiazolyl moiety and the charge-transfer from anilino to bithiazolyl moieties.
Selective Hydrogenation of 2-Methylbenzaldehyde Using Palladium Particles Generated in situ in Surfactant Exchanged Fluorotetrasilicic Mica
Authors: Sivakumar Thiripuranthagan , Mori Tohru , Kubo Jun , Morikawa Yutaka 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Palladium intercalated surfactant-exchanged fluorotetrasilicic mica (Pd-HDP-TSM) was synthesized by ion exchange of surfactant with TSM, intercalation and in situ reduction of palladium. This catalyst showed the highest selectivity to 2-methylbenzyl alcohol for the title reaction when compared with supported catalysts. Interestingly, in contrast with the supported catalysts, Pd-HDP-TSM catalysts do not favor the consecutive reaction yielding the hydrogenolysis products such as xylene and toluene.
Lattice Structure of Mesoscopic Rod-like J Aggregates of Thiacyanine Dye Characterized by Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Yao Hiroshi , Kitamura Shin-ichi , Kimura Keisaku 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
We characterized the lattice structure of mesoscopic rod-like J aggregates of thiacyanine dye on mica possessing similar morphological and spectroscopic characteristics with those in bulk solution. The structure showed a staircase molecular arrangement.
Selective Synthesis of Chlorohydrogermanes from Mono-, Di-, and Trihydrogermanes
Authors: Ohshita Joji , Toyoshima Yutaka , Iwata Arihiro , Tang Heqing , Kunai Atsutaka 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Treatment of hydrogermanes, R4−nGeHn (R = Hex, Et, Ph, n = 1–3), with 2 equiv of CuCl2 in ether at room temperature or in toluene under reflux led to selective replacement of an H–Ge bond with a Cl–Ge bond, giving the corresponding chlorohydrogermanes, R4−nGeHn−1Cl, selectively.
Enantioselectivity in the Hydrolysis by Lipase: A Study of MALDI TOF-MS Analysis
Authors: Utsumi Ryoichi , Izumi Shunsuke , Hirata Toshifumi 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
The mechanism of the enantioselectivity of lipase has been investigated by MALDI TOF-MS with photoaffinity probes. When 1-phenylethyl m-benzoylbenzoate was used as a photoaffinity probe, both the enantiomer that reacts as a substrate of lipase and the non-reactive enantiomer combined with lipase. However, in the case of isobornyl m-benzoylbenzoate, only the reactive photoaffinity probe combined with lipase.
Synthesis of DNA Templates Containing the Fifth Base, 2-Amino-6-(dimethylamino)purine, for Specific Transcription Involving Unnatural Base Pairs
Authors: Hirao Ichiro , Nojima Takahiko , Mitsui Tsuneo , Yokoyama Shigeyuki 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
An unnatural nucleobase, pyridin-2-one (denoted as y), can be specifically incorporated into RNA opposite 2-amino-6-(dimethylamino)purine (denoted as x) in DNA templates by T7 RNA polymerase. For the easy preparation of DNA templates containing x, protecting groups for the 2-amino group of x were examined. Although the general N2 protecting groups, such as isobutyryl and acetyl, resisted removal by the usual treatment with concentrated ammonia at 55 °C for 6 h, the N2-phenoxyacetyl group was successfully removed from the protected oligomers. This DNA synthesis would be a useful method for preparation of DNA templates toward enzymatic incorporation of unnatural nucleosides into RNA at desired positions.
Formation and Electrochemical Characteristics of Multilayers of Au Nanoclusters Covered by Mixed Self-Assembled Monolayers of Three Kinds of Alkanethiols with Methyl, Ferrocene, or Carboxylate Terminal Group on Au(111) Surface
Authors: Kondo Toshihiro , Okamura Masayuki , Uosaki Kohei 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Multilayers of Au nanoclusters covered by self-assembled monolayers containing a mixture of three kinds of alkanethiols terminated by methyl, ferrocene, or carboxylate groups were constructed on a Au(111) surface based on the electrostatic interaction between a carboxylate anion and metal cation. Electrochemical measurements showed that an electron is transferred between ferrocene and the Au(111) electrode through the Au nanocluster cores and/or ferrocene groups.