bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Art of Poetry
Authors: Wolosky Shira 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Anyone who has been asked to read and understand a poem has probably wondered: What does this really mean? Have I understood this the way I was supposed to? Did I get it? As the least literal of all of forms of creative writing, poetry is for many readers also the most cryptic. Confronted by the mysteries of poetic interpretation, some people are intrigued, some become addicted, others are left frustrated. Shira Wolosky’s accessibly written book, The Art of Poetry, provides a road map of the poetic form that will help its readers understand and enjoy poetry. The Art of Poetry offers a step-by-step introduction to skills for reading poetry, working progressively from smaller units such as the individual word, the line, and the image to larger ones, such as verse forms, voice and gender, and metrical patterns. These basic skills of poetic analysis are presented in conjunction with a selection of poems that acquaints the reader with the great lyric poets in the English and American tradition. As a whole, The Art of Poetry presents a vision of poetry as dynamic, historical, and culturally engaged.
Syntax and the Poetic Line
Authors: Wolosky Shira 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The next elemental unit of poetry, building from the unit of the word, is the poetic line. Poetry’s peculiar feature, that the lines stop (usually) before the end of the page, is what often announces to us that what we are reading is a poem. But the way the poetic line works depends upon many structures. One of these is metrical organization. The line extends only as long as a particular rhythm dictates. This we will postpone for later discussion. Another is syntax, the rules, units, and structures of grammar, which works in complex harmony and counterpoint with the construction and strategy of the poetic line.
Reformation Readings Of The Apocalypse
Authors: Backus Irena 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this study, Irene Backus examines the fate of the Apocalypse at the hands of early Protestants in three centers of the Reformation: Geneva, Zurich, and Wittenberg. To do so, Backus systematically investigates sources and methods of the most important reformed and Lutheran commentaries of the Apocalypse from 1528-1584.
Competition Policy in America
Authors: Peritz Rudolph J R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Americans have long appealed to images of free competition in calling for free enterprise, freedom of contract, free labor, free trade, and free speech. This imagery has retained its appeal in myriad aspects of public policy—for example, Senator Sherman’s Anti-Trust Act of 1890, Justice Holmes’s metaphorical marketplace of ideas, and President Reagan’s rhetoric of deregulation. In Competition Policy in America, 1888-1992, Rudolph Peritz explores the durability of free competition imagery by tracing its influences on public policy. Looking at congressional debates and hearings, administrative agency activities, court opinions, arguments of counsel, and economic, legal, and political scholarship, he finds that free competition has actually evoked two different visions—freedom not only from oppressive government, but also from private economic power. He shows how the discourse of free competition has mediated between commitments to individual liberty and rough equality—themselves unstable over time. This rhetorical approach allows us to understand, for example, that the Reagan and Carter programs of deregulation, both inspired by the rhetoric of free competition, were driven by fundamentally different visions of political economy. Peritz’s historical inquiry into competition policy as a series of government directives, inspired by two complex yet distinct and sometimes contradictory visions of free competition, provides an indispensable framework for understanding modern political economy— whether political campaign finance reform, corporate takeover regulation, or current attitudes toward the New Deal Legacy. Competition Policy in America will be of great interest to lawyers, historians, economists, sociologists, and policy makers in both government and business.
“A Story for This Place and Time” An Interview with Nadine Gordimer about Burger’s Daughter
Authors: Gardner Susan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In July 1980 Susan gardner sought an interview in Johan-nesburg with Nadine Gordimer to discuss her 1979 novel, Burser’s Daushter. This was banned for import and distribution in South Africa one month after its London publication on a range of grounds specified in the Publications Act of 1974, including propagating Communist opinions; indecency and offensiveness to public morals and religious feelings or convictions of some inhabitants of South Africa; being prejudicial to the safety of the state, the general welfare, peace, and good order; creating “a psychosis of revolution and rebellion”; and making “several unbridled attacks against the authority entrusted with the maintenance of law and order and the safety of the state.
The Subject of Revolution
Authors: Clingman Stephen R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In The Conservationist there are no white characters whose task it is to respond positively to the prospect of revolution; it is part of the novel’s prophetic release that this is not deemed to be necessary. However, in the two novels that followed, Bur3er’s Dau3hter and July’s People, Gordimer returned to the question that The Conservationist leaves out: whether whites can participate in the future it predicts. Yet she did so in very different circumstances. As independence came to Mozambique, Angola, and, later, Zimbabwe, the prophecy of The Conservationist seemed to be fulfilled on a regional level; but in South Africa its price was made clear. The explosion of the Soweto Revolt of 1976 indicated just how tortuous the path of change was gong to be, at the same time thrusting the position of dissident whites into radical ambiguity; the easy mood of celebration of just a few years earlier was dramatically displaced.
Prospero’s Complex Race and Sex in Burger’s Daughter
Authors: Newman Judie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Nadrne Gordrmer has remarked that all South African novels, whatever their political intentions, involve the question of racism: “There is no country in the Western world where the creative imagination, whatever it seizes upon, finds the focus of even the most private event set in the social determination of racial laws.” There are those who have argued that the white South African novelist is automatically corrupted by a privileged position, that Gordimer’s audience can only be other privileged whites, and that the products of her creative imagination are therefore intrinsically a part of a racist society. In The Conservationist Gordimer focused upon the disjunction between the internal, subjective reality of her white protagonist and the external reality of political consensus, employing as her principal strategy the translation of political problems into other languages, particularly into sexual terms. In the novel sexual fantasy functions as a surrogate for colonial lusts. The sexual body of woman and the body of a murdered black combine to form one massive image of colonial guilt. As her use of the language &lt;‘f Zulu culture, and Zulu dreams, indicates here, Gordimer is clearly aware of the dangers of solipsistic art, an art which may articulate only the dominating power of the white imagination.
What is Cantor’s continuum problem? (1964)
Authors: Gudel Kurt , Feferman Solomon , Dawson John W , Kleene Stephen C , Moore Gregory H , Solovay Robert M , Heijenoort Jean van 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This question, of course, could arise only after the concept of “number” had been extended to infinite sets; hence it might be doubted if this extension can be effected in a uniquely determined manner and if, therefore, the statement of the problem in the simple terms used above is justified. Closer examination, however, shows that Cantor’s definition of infinite numbers really has this character of uniqueness. For whatever “number” as applied to infinite sets may mean, we certainly want it to have the property that the number of objects belonging to some class does not change if, leaving the objects the same, one changes in any way whatsoever their properties or mutual relations (e.g., their colors or their distribution in space). From this, however, it follows at once that two sets (at least two sets of change able objects of the space-time world) will have the same cardinal number if their elements can be brought into a one-to-one correspondence, which is Cantor’s definition of equality between numbers.
Revolution and the Word
Authors: Davidson Cathy N 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Revolution and the Word is the classic study of the co-emergence of the U.S. nation and the new literary genre of the novel. The book remains the foundational study of reading, writing, and publishing in the new republic and provides a unique glimpse of the culture of early America. By looking at everything from publisher’s account books to marginalia scrawled in eighteenth-century books to the novels themselves, Revolution and the Word provides an engaging social history of early American readership that is also informed by the most insightful aspects of literary theory. With a backward glance at the culture wars and prognostications for what lies ahead, the comprehensive introduction of this expanded edition reframes Revolution and the Word for a new generation of scholars. It revisits topics of dissent in the early national period, the status of the Constitution as a document designed to quell the still-burning passions of the American Revolution, and the role played by the novel in publicizing and articulating complex desires not addressed at the Constitutional Convention. Cathy N. Davidson provides readers with a survey and critique of the controversial and productive thought in cultural, social, and political theory as it has evolved during the last twenty years. This astute and learned assessment of recent developments in literary and historical scholarship, colonial and postcolonial studies, race theory, gender and sexuality theory, class studies, cultural studies, and history of the book will make Revolution and the Word as urgent for this generation as it was for its original readers in 1986.
Mesoamerican Mythology
Authors: Read Kay Almere , González Jason J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
An excellent resource, Handbook of Mesoamerican Mythology introduces readers to the mythology of Mexico and Central America. Its chief focus is on Mexican Highland and Maya areas, as they were, and are, of utmost importance to Mesoamerican history. An extensive and edifying introduction defines the nature of myth, the Mesoamericans as a people, and the cultural worldview that informed Mesoamerican mythology. The Handbook presents historical and mythological timelines, with each time period and cultural group fully defined. Also featured is a quick geographical and historical survey of Mesoamerica from the Paleoindian Era to the present, as well as a discussion of some of the challenges and possibilities that structure Mesoamerican studies. Moreover, an extensive reference list and a glossary of cultural and mythological terms are included, and pronunciation guides are given throughout. With an annotated bibliography that ranges from film to websites, fiction to poetry, and from introductory to scholarly works, the book is an all-embracing portal to its subject.
Introduction
Authors: Wollaeger Mark A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Since Its Publication in 1916, A Portrait of the Artist as a Yount! Man has probably drawn more attention than affection from literary critics. Dublmers (1916) virtually invented the modern short story; Ulysses (1922) pushed the novel form to its limit; Finne3ans Wake (1939) turned English into a foreign language. Critics have also made the case for Portrait’s place in the canon of modern literature: Joyce’s first novel is generally considered the epitome of the modernist Bildun3sroman, or novel of education, and Hugh Kenner has called its first page the most radically innovative page of prose fiction in the twentieth century. But Portrait has also inspired critiques with titles such as “A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Misogynist” (Henke), and Wayne Booth considers the book something of a failure.’ My first Joyce teacher in college edited a collection of essays on Joyce and yet confessed privately to not caring much for Portrait. It may be that for every literary critic who loves Portrait, there’s another who dislikes it.
The Problem of Distance in A Portrait of the Artist
Authors: Booth Wayne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Lack of Adequate Warning that irony is at work; extreme complexity, subtlety, or privacy of the norms to be inferred; vivid psychological realism: Everyone recognizes that each of these three sources of difficulty is present in some modern fiction, frequently in forms more deceptive than anything encountered in earlier work. Any one of them alone can give trouble. And in some modern fiction all three are present. There is no warning, either explicitly or in the form of gross disparity of word and deed; the relationship of the ironic narrator to the author’s norms is an extremely complex one, and the norms are themselves subtle and private; and the narrator’s own mental vitality dominates the scene and wins our sympathy.
Beyond Citizenship
Authors: Spiro Peter J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
American identity has always been capacious as a concept but narrow in its application. Citizenship has mostly been about being here, either through birth or residence. The territorial premises for citizenship have worked to resolve the peculiar challenges of American identity. But globalization is detaching identity from location. What used to define American was rooted in American space. Now one can be anywhere and be an American, politically or culturally. Against that backdrop, it becomes difficult to draw the boundaries of human community in a meaningful way. Longstanding notions of democratic citizenship are becoming obsolete, even as we cling to them. Beyond Citizenship charts the trajectory of American citizenship and shows how American identity is unsustainable in the face of globalization. Peter J. Spiro describes how citizenship law once reflected and shaped the American national character. Spiro explores the histories of birthright citizenship, naturalization, dual citizenship, and how those legal regimes helped reinforce an otherwise fragile national identity. But on a shifting global landscape, citizenship status has become increasingly divorced from any sense of actual community on the ground. As the bonds of citizenship dissipate, membership in the nation-state becomes less meaningful. The rights and obligations distinctive to citizenship are now trivial. Naturalization requirements have been relaxed, dual citizenship embraced, and territorial birthright citizenship entrenched--developments that are all irreversible. Loyalties, meanwhile, are moving to transnational communities defined in many different ways: by race, ethnicity, gender, religion, age, and sexual orientation. These communities, Spiro boldly argues, are replacing bonds that once connected people to the nation-state, with profound implications for the future of governance. Learned, incisive, and sweeping in scope, Beyond Citizenship offers a provocative look at how globalization is changing the very definition of who we are and where we belong.
Agent-Based Modeling: From Individual Residential Choice to Urban Residential Dynamics
Authors: Benenson Itzhak 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Householder residential choice and residential mobility are among the touchstones of theoretical and applied studies of urban systems. Sociology and human geography focus on these individual processes, which are inherently spatial and locally determined. Urban residential dynamics are an outcome of all the householders’ simultaneous choices; hence, no programs, ranging from neighborhood rehabilitation to prevention of epidemics, can be planned without the ability to understand and foresee the global urban consequences of those individual decisions in the short and long term.
The Commentary of St. Thomas on the De caelo of Aristotle
Authors: Weisheipl James A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If work of great maturity and profundity. It is one of Thomas’s last writings, and it reveals a breadth of scholarship and achievement wanting, for the most part, in his earlier Aristotelian commentaries, such as those on the Ethics, Physics, De anima, and early parts of the Metaphysics; but it comes to grips with profound problems of Aristotelian philosophy inherent in the conflicting views of Greek and Arab commentators. I. T. Eschmann rightly noted that “it represents the high water-mark of St. Thomas’s expository skill.”
Law and Politics
Authors: Sigmund Paul E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Aquinas’s political and legal theory is important for three reasons. First, it reasserts the value of politics by drawing on Aristotle to argue that politics and political life are morally positive activities that are in accordance with the intention of God for man. Second, it combines traditional hierarchical and feudal views of the structure of society and politics with emerging community-oriented and incipiently egalitarian views of the proper ordering of society. Third, it develops an integrated and logically coherent theory of natural law that continues to be an important source of legal, political, and moral norms. These accomplishments have become part of the intellectual patrimony of the West, and have inspired political and legal philosophers and religious and social movements down to the present day.
Emotion
Authors: Robinson Jenefer 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Currently the most widely favored theory of emotion among philosophers is the “judgment” theory of emotion. According to this theory, at the heart of emotion is a cognitive state: an emotion either is or essentially includes a judgment or belief. If I am in love with Joe, this means not just that I get warm and fuzzy feelings inside when Joe approaches, but that I have certain beliefs about Joe—that he is a worthy, lovable kind of guy. Similarly, if I am afraid of a bear, I don’t just experience a twinge or a pang; I believe or judge the bear to be dangerous or threatening to me. At the heart of love, it would seem, is the judgment that the beloved is a wonderful person; at the heart of fear is the judgment that I am being threatened.
The Ghosts of Ulysses
Authors: Ellmann Maud 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the film Ghost Dance, directed by Ken MacMullen, Jacques Derrida is interviewed by an ethereal young woman who asks him if he believes in ghosts. “That’s a hard question,” he smiles, “because, you see, I am a ghost.”1 Eerily, this reply turned out to be prophetic, not for Derrida (who is no deader than the rest of us), but for the questioner herself, who died before the movie was released and her image was set loose to haunt the screen. Yet in the film itself, the living man is just as insubstantial as his dead inquisitor, for both have been dispatched into the afterlife, translated into bodiless projections. Through the photographic image we survive the grave but also die before our death, disenfleshed before our hearts have ceased to beat. To be or not to be is no longer the question. What could be blinder than refusing to believe in ghosts? Our ghost-free civilization is based upon the myth that presence is superior to absence, and that absence is a lack of presence rather than an independent power.
The Exclusion of the Intended from Secret Sharing in Conrad’s Heart of Darkness
Authors: straus Nina pelican 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In a stirring but sketchy essay entitled “Finding Feminist Readings: Dante-Yeats,” Gayatri Spivak writes that “feminist alternative readings might well question the normative rigor of specialist mainstream scholarship through a dramatization of the autobiographical vulnerability of their provenance.” Such autobiographical dramatization, Spivak points out, has already begun in the work of Jacques Derrida and other male critics, but “the privilege of autobiography to counter the rigor of theoretical sanctions is accessible to very few of the world’s women” (47).
Evidence-Based Treatment For Traumatized And Abused Children
Authors: Munson Carlton E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The basic premise of this chapter is that intervention with traumatized children must have a developmental focus, using a scientific perspective that relies on evidence that is grounded in a therapeutic relationship. There have been few efforts to link the concepts of a developmental perspective, evidence, and the science of relationship in work with traumatized children. The research literature regarding child trauma is generally not presented or described in a way that is usable for the average practitioner. This chapter provides information that can assist in specifying and measuring relationship in ways that have not been systematically applied in the past and explains uses of evidence in work with traumatized children. This chapter uses a practical but comprehensive approach to child trauma treatment that can be easily understood and applied by practitioners.
The Hepatitis Experiments at the Willowbrook State School
Authors: Robinson Walter M , Unruh Brandon T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The hepatitis experiments performed at the Willowbrook State School are routinely cited as one of the most serious breaches of research ethics of the post–World War II period. This determination is principally due to the inclusion of the experiments in Henry K. Beecher’s 1966 article “Ethics and Clinical Research” in the New England Journal of Medicine. Beecher’s criticism set off a decade of debate about the ethics of clinical research at Willowbrook, with sharply differing opinions from leaders in the field. Beecher extended his critique of the experiments at Willowbrook in his book Research and the Individual in 1970.
Incentives for Research Participants
Authors: Dickert Neal , Grady Christine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The practice of paying research participants dates back at least to the early 19th century, when William Beaumont provided Alexis St. Martin with room, board, and $150 per year for the use of his stomach in physiologic studies. St. Martin had been shot in the stomach and was left with a permanent gastric fistula, providing Beaumont with “access to the stomach and the opportunity to study the action of gastric juices” Later, Walter Reed offered $100 in gold to participants in studies involving deliberate exposure to yellow fever. If successfully infected, participants received a $100 bonus (payable to their family if they died). Although a longstanding practice, payment in research seems to be increasingly common with the growing volume of research conducted today. Paying research participants, however, remains contentious.
An Abolitionist’s Survey of the Death Penalty in America Today
Authors: Bedau Hugo Adam 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Lest there be any doubt in the reader’s mind, let me declare at the outset that I strongly oppose the death penalty no matter what the crime or the criminal. This will be evident enough later as this essay unfolds and especially when I offer an argument against capital punishment. My position to the side, perhaps the best place to begin this discussion of the death penalty in America and the controversies it has provoked is by summarizing its history in our country. That history is largely a story of efforts to limit and abolish it.