bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost‐effectiveness of diagnostic strategies prior to carotid endarterectomy
Authors: U‐King‐Im Jean Marie , Hollingworth William , Trivedi Rikin A. , Cross Justin J. , Higgins Nicholas J. , Graves Martin J. , Gutnikov Sergei , Kirkpatrick Peter J. , Warburton Elizabeth A. , Antoun Nagui M. , Rothwell Peter M. , Gillard Jonathan H. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe main objective of this study was to assess the long‐term cost‐effectiveness of five alternative diagnostic strategies for identification of severe carotid stenosis in recently symptomatic patients. A decision‐analytical model with Markov transition states was constructed. Data sources included a prospective study involving 167 patients who had screening Doppler ultrasound (DUS), confirmatory contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CEMRA) and confirmatory digital subtraction angiography (DSA), individual patient data from the European Carotid Surgery Trial and other published clinical and cost data. A “selective” strategy, whereby all patients receive DUS and CEMRA (only proceeding to DSA if the CEMRA is positive and the DUS is negative), was most cost‐effective. This was both the cheapest imaging and treatment strategy ($35,205 per patient) and yielded 6.1590 quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs), higher than three alternative imaging strategies. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis demonstrated that there was less than a 10% probability that imaging with either DUS or DSA alone are cost‐effective at the conventional $50,000/QALY threshold. In conclusion, DSA is not cost‐effective in the routine diagnostic workup of most patients. DUS, with additional imaging in the form of CEMRA, is recommended, with a strategy of “CEMRA and selective DUS review” being shown to be the optimal imaging strategy. Ann Neurol 2005;58:506–515
Validation of a new coma scale: The FOUR score
Authors: Wijdicks Eelco F. M. , Bamlet William R. , Maramattom Boby V. , Manno Edward M. , McClelland Robyn L. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) has been widely adopted. Failure to assess the verbal score in intubated patients and the inability to test brainstem reflexes are shortcomings. We devised a new coma score, the FOUR (Full Outline of UnResponsiveness) score. It consists of four components (eye, motor, brainstem, and respiration), and each component has a maximal score of 4. We prospectively studied the FOUR score in 120 intensive care unit patients and compared it with the GCS score using neuroscience nurses, neurology residents, and neurointensivists. We found that the interrater reliability was excellent with the FOUR score (κw = 0.82) and good to excellent for physician rater pairs. The agreement among raters was similar with the GCS (κw = 0.82). Patients with the lowest GCS score could be further distinguished using the FOUR score. We conclude that the agreement among raters was good to excellent. The FOUR score provides greater neurological detail than the GCS, recognizes a locked‐in syndrome, and is superior to the GCS due to the availability of brainstem reflexes, breathing patterns, and the ability to recognize different stages of herniation. The probability of in‐hospital mortality was higher for the lowest total FOUR score when compared with the lowest total GCS score. Ann Neurol 2005;58:585–593
Real‐time cartoon animation of smoke
Authors: He Haitao , Xu Duanqing 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIn this paper, we present a practical framework to generate cartoon style animations of smoke, which consists of two components: a smoke simulator and a rendering system. In the simulation stage, the smoke is modelled as a set of smoothed particles and the physical parameters such as velocity and force are defined on particles directly. The smoke is rendered in flicker‐free cartoon style with two‐tone shading and silhouettes. Both the simulation and rendering are intuitive and easy to implement. In the most moderate scale scene, an impressive cartoon animation is generated with about a thousand particles at real‐time frame rate. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multi‐resolution collision handling for cloth‐like simulations
Authors: Jain Nitin , Kabul Ilknur , Govindaraju Naga K. , Manocha Dinesh , Lin Ming 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe present a novel multi‐resolution algorithm for simulation of complex cloth‐like deforming meshes. Our algorithm precomputes a multi‐resolution hierarchy by using a combination of ‘chromatic decomposition’1and polygonal simplification of the underlying mesh. At runtime we selectively refine or coarsen the mesh based on the collision proximity of the mesh primitives with non‐adjacent primitives. Our algorithm handles all kind of contacts, including self collisions among mesh primitives. The multi‐resolution hierarchy is used to compute simplification of contact manifolds and to accelerate collision detection and response computations. We have implemented our algorithm on a high‐end PC and applied it to complex simulations with tens of thousands of polygons. In practice, our algorithm is able to achieve interactive performance, while maintaining good visual fidelity. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time‐critical animation of deformable solids
Authors: Dequidt J. , Marchal D. , Grisoni L. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis article presents a model for handling multi‐resolution animation of complex deformable models. An octree‐based animation and algorithmic tools are introduced to provide real‐time interaction on complex objects. Some efficient collision detection scheme is also described for deformable models. A method is also presented for time‐guaranteed mechanical simulation: It allows an automatic tuning of the octree resolution to match some external performance constraints, such as a pre‐defined CPU consumption limit. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mesh decomposition using motion information from animation sequences
Authors: Lee Tong‐Yee , Lin Ping‐Hsien , Yan Shaur‐Uei , Lin Chun‐Hao 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIn computer graphics, mesh decomposition is a fundamental problem and it can benefit many applications. In this paper, we propose a novel mesh decomposition algorithm using motion information derived from a given animation sequence. The proposed algorithm first use principal component analysis (PCA) to construct a compact representation of a given animation sequence. Next, from this representation, we derive several motion parameters including motion complexity and similarity. Finally, we decompose a given mesh into sub‐meshes using derived motion information and subdivide the triangles along the cutting paths for the smoother borders between the mesh parts. Our experimental results show that this new decomposition scheme can bring the benefit of good compression ratios on animation sequences. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Image and video retexturing
Authors: Guo Yanwen , Wang Jin , Zeng Xiang , Xie Zhongyi , Sun Hanqiu , Peng Qunsheng 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe propose a novel image/video retexturing approach that preserves the original shading effects without knowing the underlying surface and lighting conditions. For static images, we first introduce the Poisson equation‐based algorithm to simulate the texture distortion on the projected interest region of the underlying surface, while preserving the shading effect of the original image. We further work on videos by retexturing the key frame as static image and then propagating the results onto the other frames. In video retexturing, we have introduced the mesh based optimization for object tracking to avoid texture drifting, and the graph cut algorithm to effectively deal with visibility shift between frames. The graph cut algorithm is applied on a trimap along the boundary of the object to extract the textured part inside the trimap. The proposed approach is developed in image/video retexturing at nearly interactive rate, and our experimental results have showed the satisfactory performance of our approach. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Progressive mesh metamorphosis
Authors: Lin Chao‐Hung , Lee Tong‐Yee , Chu Hung‐Kuo , Yao Chih‐Yuan 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis paper describes a new integrated scheme for metamorphosis between two closed manifold genus‐0 polyhedral models. Spherical parameterizations of the source and target models are created first. To control the morphing, any number of feature vertex pairs is specified and a fold‐over free warping method is used to align two spherical embeddings. Our method does not create a merged meta‐mesh or execute re‐meshing to construct a common connectivity for morphs. Alternatively, a scheme for the progressive connectivity transformation of two spherical parameterizations is employed to generate the intermediate meshes. A novel semi‐overlay with a geomorph scheme is proposed to reduce the popping effects caused by the connectivity transformation. We demonstrate several examples of aesthetically pleasing morphing sequences using the proposed scheme. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhanced auto coloring with hierarchical region matching
Authors: Qiu Jie , Soon Seah Hock , Tian Feng , Chen Quan , Wu Zhongke 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis paper proposes a Hierarchical Region Matching (HRM) approach for computer‐assisted auto coloring. The region‐level analysis in traditional 2D animation is expanded into several component levels with a novel hierarchization method. With the hierarchy, various region matching algorithms can be applied from the first/highest to the last/lowest component level. HRM improves the matching accuracy and may deal with matching errors caused by occlusion, thus making the matching more robust, as verified by the results. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mesh morphing using polycube‐based cross‐parameterization
Authors: Fan Zhengwen , Jin Xiaogang , Feng Jieqing , Sun Hanqiu 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a novel mesh morphing approach based on polycubic cross‐parameterization. We compose parameterizations over the surfaces of the polycubes whose shape is similar to that of the given meshes. Because the polycubes capture the large‐scale features, we can easily preserve the shape of the models, mapping legs to legs, head to head, and so on. For the finer features that are not reflected by the shape of the polycubes, we split the polycubes into matching patches and optimize them to get a low‐distortion bijection that satisfies user‐prescribed constraints. Our approach works well for meshes with arbitrary genus as long as the polycubes capture this feature and transfers texture seamlessly. We can also build maps with singularities between models with different genus. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Real‐time simulation of watery paint
Authors: Van Laerhoven Tom , Van Reeth Frank 
Published: September 2005

AbstractExisting work on applications for thin watery paint is mostly focused on automatic generation of painterly‐style images from input images, ignoring the fact that painting is a process that intuitively should be interactive. Efforts to create real‐time interactive systems are limited to a single paint medium and results often suffer from a trade‐off between real‐timeness and simulation complexity. We report on the design of a new system that allows the real‐time, interactive creation of images with thin watery paint. We mainly target the simulation of watercolor, but the system is also capable of simulating gouache and Oriental black ink. The motion of paint is governed by both physically based and heuristic rules in a layered canvas design. A final image is rendered by optically composing the layers using the Kubelka–Munk diffuse reflectance model. All algorithms that participate in the dynamics phase and the rendering phase of the simulation are implemented on graphics hardware. Images made with the system contain the typical effects that can be recognized in images produced with real thin paint, like the dark‐edge effect, watercolor glazing, wet‐on‐wet painting and the use of different pigment types. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cyclic Enolates of Ni and Pd: Equilibrium between C‐ and O‐Bound Tautomers and Reactivity Studies
Authors: Cámpora Juan , Maya Celia M. , Palma Pilar , Carmona Ernesto , Gutiérrez Enrique , Ruiz Caridad , Graiff Claudia , Tiripicchio Antonio 
Published: September 2005

Abstract2‐Acylaryl complexes of Ni and Pd containing chelating diphosphines react with KtBuO to give metallacyclic enolate complexes. While coordination through the carbon atom is preferred in the case of Pd, the nickel O‐enolate compounds are formed as the corresponding O‐tautomers. Slow equilibration between O‐ and C‐enolate tautomers is observed for the nickel complex with an unsubstituted enolate function (MOCCH2). Theoretical DFT calculations suggest that the barrier for the tautomer exchange has its origin in the rigidity of the metallacycle. Whilst the C‐enolate tautomer is unreactive towards aldehydes, the corresponding O‐enolate adds to MeCHO and PhCHO, giving rise to products that retain the enolate functionality. The carbonylation of these products cleanly leads to the formation of enol lactones in a highly selective manner.
Dose‐dense vinorelbine and docetaxel with Filgrastim support in patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung carcinoma
Authors: Page Ray D. , Smith Frederick P. , Geils George F. , Beall Charles L. , Fridman Moshe , Allen Barbara J. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDVinorelbine and docetaxel are active single agents in the treatment of nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and may provide enhanced activity when combined in a dose‐dense fashion. The efficacy and safety of this combination was assessed when it was administered every 14 days with Filgrastim support in a community practice setting.METHODSThis open‐label study was conducted at 12 community oncology practices in the United States. Sixty‐one chemotherapy‐naive patients with Stage IIIB/IV NSCLC received vinorelbine 45 mg/m2 followed by docetaxel 60 mg/m2 on Day 1 and Filgrastim 5 mcg/kg beginning on Day 2, with cycles repeated every 14 days.RESULTSAmong 61 enrolled patients, 44% of patients had either a complete or partial response as their best response, and 27% of patients had confirmed complete or partial responses. The median time to confirmed response was 1.9 months (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.9–2.3 mos), and the median duration of confirmed response was 6.0 months (95% CI, 3.1–14.4 mos). The median time to disease progression was 4.9 months (95% CI, 3.8–5.8 mos). With a median follow‐up of 14.3 months, the median survival was 12.9 months (95% CI, 8.1–14.3 mos), and the 1‐year survival rate was 56% (95% CI, 43–69%). The relative dose intensity was 94% for vinorelbine and 93% for docetaxel. Febrile neutropenia occurred in 9 patients (15%) and during 9 of 351 cycles (3%).CONCLUSIONSIt was possible to administer dose‐dense vinorelbine and docetaxel chemotherapy with Filgrastim support, beginning in the first cycle, to patients with NSCLC who were treated in a community practice setting. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Cost‐effectiveness projections of oxaliplatin and infusional fluorouracil versus irinotecan and bolus fluorouracil in first‐line therapy for metastatic colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Hillner Bruce E. , Schrag Deborah , Sargent Daniel J. , Fuchs Charles S. , Goldberg Richard M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe results of a randomized comparison study (N9741) showed that oxaliplatin and infusional fluorouracil (FU) (FOLFOX) was superior to the previous standard of care in the United States, irinotecan and bolus FU (IFL), as first‐line therapy for patients with metastatic colon carcinoma. The trade‐offs between costs and survival for these two regimens have not been explored.METHODSA post‐hoc, incremental cost‐effectiveness (ICE) projection using simulated cohorts of patients starting FOLFOX or IFL was tracked for major clinical events, toxicities, and survival. Recurrence and survival risks were based on clinical trial data. Resource use was projected using observed dose intensity, duration of therapy, delays in therapy, and toxicities Grade > 2 in N9741. The frequency, costs, and consequences of second‐line therapy were examined. The time frame was 5 years, and the perspective was that of Medicare as a third‐party payer.RESULTSInitial treatment with FOLFOX versus IFL had an average incremental cost of $29,523, a survival benefit of 4.4 months, and an ICE of $80,410 per life year (LY), $111,890 per quality‐adjusted LY, and $89,080 per progression‐free year. By using the 95% confidence interval for the time to progression observed in N9741, the ICE associated with FOLFOX ranged from $121,220 to $59,250 per LY. In the clinical trial, dose delays and skipped doses were frequent. If progression‐free patients were treated without delay for the first year or lifetime, then the ICE for FOLFOX increased to $117,910 and $222,200 per LY, respectively. The ICE increased to $84,780 per LY when the model incorporated a revised IFL schedule with lower early toxicity and similar rates of treatment with second‐line regimens.CONCLUSIONSFOLFOX provided substantial benefits that incurred substantial additional costs. The ICE for FOLFOX fell into the upper range of commonly accepted oncology interventions in the context of the United States healthcare system. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Reduced intensity conditioning prior to allogeneic stem cell transplantation for patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia as a first‐line treatment
Authors: Blaise Didier P. , Michel Boiron Jean , Faucher Catherine , Mohty Mohamad , Bay Jacques‐Olivier , Bardoux Valerie‐Jeanne , Perreau Virginie , Coso Diane , Pigneux Arnaud , Vey Norbert 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThirty‐three patients (median age 52; range 26–60) with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) were included in a pilot study of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (Allo‐SCT) following a reduced‐intensity conditioning (RIC).METHODSPatients achieving first complete remission (CR1) were selected for their high‐risk clinical and/or leukemic features. All patients received two courses of consolidation chemotherapy including one high‐dose cytarabine course. Among them, 13 patients in addition received a high‐dose melphalan course followed by autologous SCT. Then, all patients received an RIC Allo‐SCT combining fludarabine, busulfan, and antithymocyte globulin.RESULTSAll patients engrafted had cumulative incidences of Gluksberg System Grade 2 acute and chronic graft‐versus‐host‐disease (GVHD) of 24 (9–39%) and 64 (48–80%), respectively. Three patients died from nonrelapse causes (NRD) (cumulative incidence: 9%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0‐19) and 6 relapsed (cumulative incidence: 18%, 95% CI: 5–31). With a median follow‐up of 18 months (range 7–52) after Allo‐SCT, 26 patients are alive, of whom 24 remained in CR1 for a 2‐year overall survival and leukemia‐free survival (LFS) probabilities of 79 (range 61–90%) and 76 (range 59–87%), respectively. In a ‘landmark’ analysis starting on Day 100, the occurrence of chronic GVHD was associated with a lower relapse rate (0% vs. 44%: P = 0.007) and improved outcome (LFS; 95% vs. 53%, P = 0.007; overall survival, 95% vs. 61%, P = 0.05).CONCLUSIONSWe conclude that the sequential combination of intensive chemotherapy and allogeneic immunotherapy might offer relatively low NRD and leukemia relapse rates even in high‐risk patients. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Ritz finite elements for curvilinear particles
Authors: Heyliger Paul R. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA general finite element is presented for the representation of fields in curvilinear particles in two and three dimensions. The formulation of this element shares many similarities with usual finite element approximations, but differs in that nodal points are defined in part by contact points with other particles. Power series in the geometric coordinates are used as the starting basis functions, but are recast in terms of the field variables within the particle interior and the points of contact with other elements. There is no discretization error and the elements of the finite element matrices can all be evaluated in closed form. This approach is applicable to shapes in two and three dimensions, including discs, ellipses, spheres, spheroids, and potatoes. Examples are included for two‐dimensional applications of steady‐state heat transfer and elastostatics. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hamiltonian‐based error computations
Authors: Kuo Y. L. , Behdinan K. , Cleghorn W. L. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis paper presents two sets of the Hamiltonian for checking errors of approximated solutions. The first set can be applied to those problems having any number of independent and dependent variables. This set of the Hamiltonian can effectively indicate the errors of approximated solutions when requiring a high accuracy. The second set of the Hamiltonian has the invariant property when the Lagrangian is not an explicit function of time, even for non‐conservative systems. Both sets can be formulated as error indicators to check errors of approximated solutions. Three illustrative examples demonstrate the error analyses of finite element solutions. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Limitations of an analytical solution for advection–diffusion with spatially variable coefficients
Authors: Néelz S. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe aim of the article is to show that a published analytical solution for advection–diffusion in streams is of limited relevance. The analytical solution is based on the assumptions that the velocity increases linearly with distance and that the diffusion coefficient increases quadratically with distance. This implies that a solute concentration profile travelling down the channel is submitted to a stretching effect, due to continuity, that completely counteracts the effect of the increase in the diffusion coefficient. Therefore, these particular assumptions are equivalent to the simpler case of uniform velocity and diffusion coefficient, as far as the effect of diffusion is concerned. Two examples are proposed where results of a solute transport simulation using a semi‐Lagrangian numerical model were compared to results using this analytical solution. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
(Salen)nickel‐Catalysed Epoxidations in the Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Phase: The Implications of Oxygen on the Efficiency and Product Selectivity
Authors: Ferreira Rita , García Hermenegildo , de Castro Baltazar , Freire Cristina 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe catalytic activity of several nickel(II) complexes with salen‐type ligands and their zeolite‐immobilised analogues is assessed in the epoxidation of trans‐β‐methylstyrene by NaOCl, in the absence and in the presence of oxygen. The complexes were immobilised in zeolites X and Y using the “ship‐in‐a‐bottle” procedure, and the resulting materials were characterised by chemical analysis, XPS and IR, and UV/Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The loading and the distribution of the complexes in the materials were found to be dependent on the ligand. All (salen)nickel complexes proved to be active in the homogeneous and heterogeneous epoxidation of trans‐β‐methylstyrene by NaOCl. The immobilised complexes gave lower conversions and their catalytic activity is dependent on the loading and distribution of the complexes within the zeolites. In both homogeneous and heterogeneous systems, the alkene conversion is influenced by oxygen. Removing oxygen from the reaction media results in lower alkene conversion but higher epoxide selectivity. Based on these results, two competitive mechanisms are proposed for the epoxidation reaction, one implying the formation of free radicals and other involving the binding of the substrate to a (oxo)metal intermediate. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)