bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Level of Physical Activity among Working Females Wearing High Heels
Authors: Hassan Zainab , Kanwal Ayesha , Faisal Somia , Mushtaq Faiqa , Jabbar Muhammad , Chand Mishal , Hussain Syed Ali 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Previous studies have indicated that wearing high-heeled shoes (HHS) may be associated with foot and low back pain and could potentially affect the physical activity levels of women. The impact of HHS on musculoskeletal discomfort, fatigue, and biomechanical alterations has been substantiated, albeit with varying conclusions regarding their influence on physical activity and health.
Objective:
The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of physical activity among working females who regularly wear HHS and to determine any associations with musculoskeletal discomfort.
Methods:
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 125 participants recruited from various malls in Lahore using non-probability convenience sampling. The inclusion criteria encompassed adult females aged between 19 to 44 years, wearing heels of varying types and heights for a minimum of six hours per day. Exclusion criteria included a history of ankle dislocation, foot surgery, orthopedic or neurological anomalies, systemic illness affecting physical activity, or flat feet. Physical activity levels were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short-form (IPAQ-sf), and data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.
Results:
The average age of participants was 25.14 years with a standard deviation of 4.509. The mean physical activity level was 1615.33 METs with a standard deviation of 1065.15. The majority of participants (54.4%) displayed a moderate level of physical activity, while 29.6% were categorized with low and 16% with high levels of physical activity. No significant correlation was found between heel height and physical activity levels or musculoskeletal discomfort.
Conclusion:
Working females wearing high heels predominantly exhibit moderate levels of physical activity. The lack of significant associations suggests that heel height does not directly correlate with reduced physical activity or increased musculoskeletal discomfort in this sample. These findings highlight the complexity of factors influencing physical activity and musculoskeletal health in the context of HHS use.
Implementation of Xception and EfficientNetB3 for COVID-19 Detection on Chest X-Ray Image via Transfer Learning
Authors: Nadya Novalina  , Mia Rizkinia  
Published: January 2024

COVID-19 is a highly contagious infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus that can cause respiratory issues. The utilization of X-ray imaging has the potential to serve as an alternative means of detecting COVID-19 by offering insights into the condition of the lungs. Rapid and automated analysis of medical images and patterns can be achieved through deep learning techniques. In this study, we propose methods for the automatic classification of COVID-19 from Chest X-Ray images using CNN with transfer learning techniques, namely Xception and EfficientNetB3 architectures, as well as an ensemble of both architectures working in parallel. Additionally, we use Grad-CAM to visualize the regions of the X-ray image that are most important for the classification decision. The classification of COVID-19 is carried out for four types of classes: COVID-19, normal, bacterial pneumonia, and viral pneumonia. The proposed classifier models achieve an overall accuracy of 94.44% for the Xception classifier, 95.28% for the EfficientNetB3 classifier, and 94.44% for the parallel classifier. The accuracy value is higher than the other comparison classifiers accuracy values. Overall, the proposed classifiers can be recommended as tools to assist radiologists and clinical practitioners in diagnosing and following up with COVID-19 cases.
KETERAMPILAN MEMBACA DAN MENULIS ANAK DINI DI DESA CIPELANG
Authors: Saputra Egi Adi , Alinda Alinda , Ramli Fahmi Ardiansyah 
Published: January 2024

This service aims to determine the role of the early literacy movement in the family and to determine the level of basic literacy skills, especially reading and writing in early childhood in Cipelang Village, Cijeruk District, Bogor Regency. The service method uses survey methods, mentoring, and reading and writing ability tests carried out on children aged 4-6 years with pre-test and post-test analysis. The results of the service show that before the early literacy movement education was carried out, it could be seen that the condition of early childhood literacy was 27.5% of the total sample of 10 children and after the early childhood literacy education was carried out it increased to 92.5% of the total sample of 10 children. . In the sense that children and parents feel enthusiastic about providing learning facilities, providing children's reading materials, parents are enthusiastic about reading stories to children so that young children have a high interest in reading. Meanwhile, the reading and writing skills of young children before assistance was provided, only 31.9% of the total of 10 young children could read and write. After assisting, the reading and writing ability of young children increased to 85.4%. In other words, this service has an impact on increasing the early literacy movement and improving the reading and writing abilities of young children. So the recommendation given is the need for active involvement of the community and various related parties to encourage the implementation and improvement of the quality of the early literacy movement for young children in Cipelang Village.
Strategi Positioning “Gemoy” Prabowo Subianto melalui Media Digital
Authors: Sihabudin M. Maulana Rizik , Helwa Nur Alfa Laila  , Kharisma Kharis  , Rismayanti  , Riska Siti Fatimah  
Published: January 2024

This research aims to analyze the transformation of Prabowo Subianto's image from a stern and authoritative figure to a more relaxed and attractive one, focusing on the development of a "gemoy" image ahead of the 2024 Indonesian presidential general election. Using a qualitative methodology and case study approach, the research collected data through documentation, observation, as well as content and discourse analysis from print, electronic, and online media. The study shows that Prabowo's image change is influenced by the current political dynamics, the evolution of information technology, and the changing preferences of voters, especially the younger generation. The main findings show that Prabowo's positioning strategy through digital media, especially on social media platforms such as Twitter, Instagram, and TikTok, plays a crucial role in shaping a new image that is more relaxed and fun. This research provides insights into how politicians can adapt their image to attract voters, especially from the younger generation, in the digital era. The findings also highlight the importance of digital media in contemporary political campaigns, where it is not only a communication tool but also a strategic instrument in political image formation and management. This research contributes to the understanding of the dynamics of political image formation in Indonesia, providing evidence of how images can be strategically altered to achieve greater resonance with voters in a changing political context.
Development of Platformer Game “Adventure Drake” Using Finite State Machine Method
Authors: Roby Setiawan  , Agus Nugroho  , Redhy Putra Bima 
Published: January 2024

Video game is one of the most popular hobbies out there, someone who have been played games always ended with fun experience and adrenaline rush. The people who enjoy this type of hobby so diverse starring with kids, teenager, and adult. With increasing technology playing game is not exclusive on desktop pc or game console, but now can be play on smartphone with android and IOS system operations, so they can play game wherever they want, and whenever they want. For that reason, the author with interested in designing game with the platformer genre using 2D technology and using finite state machine for controlling character animation Therefore author make research platformer game adventure drake using finite state machine, the itself game can be played by anytime at anywhere. The main reason to building this game therefore adding onto the collection Indonesia game’s and analyses the game with implementing finite state machine method. The result from building this game is great, the game success implementing both 2D technology and finite state machine.
Effect of Seed Priming Treatments on Germination, Growth and Yield of Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L.)
Authors: Manoj K. N.  , Ghawade S.M. , Sonkamble A. M. , Bawkar S. O. , Phad D. S. 
Published: January 2024

Aim: To discern the most effective seed priming treatment among several priming treatments, which provide early and maximum germination, prosperous growth, and prodigious yield.
Study Design: Nine treatments with one control treatment in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications.
Place and Duration of Study: Chilli and Vegetable Research Unit, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola (M.S), during the rabi season of 2022.
Methodology: The ajwain seeds were primed with treatments comprised of, Gibberellic acid at 100 ppm and 200 ppm, Monopotassium phosphate (KH2PO4) at 2% and 3%, moringa leaf extract at 5% and 7.5%, tulsi leaf extract at 5% and 7.5%, hydro-priming (soaking in water), control (without soaking), for 24 hours before sowing. After that, primed seeds shade-dried for 4-5 hours. Then, the seeds were sown in the field.
Results: The outcomes unveiled fascinating insights. Notably, treating the seeds with 7.5% moringa leaf extract (T6) revealed remarkable results, exhibiting the swiftest germination at 11.67 days, a staggering initial plant stand of 99.38%, and an impressive germination percentage of 93.33%. Meanwhile, the utilization of 200 ppm GA3 led to a maximum plant height of 89.70 cm. Furthermore, the application of 7.5% moringa leaf extract (T6) observed the minimum days to 50% flowering at 92.98 days and days to harvesting at 156.17 days and boasting the maximum primary branches plant-1 at 11.55. Among the myriad treatments, the application of 7.5% moringa leaf extract (T6) emerged as a standout, showcasing unparalleled results with a maximum number of umbels and umbellets at 200.72 and 18.03, respectively. A prodigious yield of 10.49g plant-1, 2.67 kg plot-1 and 11.86q ha-1.
Conclusion: These findings underscore the potency of specific seed priming treatments, particularly, the 7.5% moringa leaf extract (T6) and 200 ppm Gibberellic acid (T2), in fostering robust ajwain seed germination, growth, accelerated plant development, and prodigious yield.
Benzene exposure and hematopoietic mortality: A long‐term epidemiologic risk assessment
Authors: Rinsky R.A. , Hornung R.W. , Silver S.R. , Tseng C.Y. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies of a cohort of rubber hydrochloride workers indicated an association between benzene exposure and excess mortality from leukemia and multiple myeloma. To determine whether risks remain elevated with increasing time since plant shutdown, we extended follow‐up from 1981 through 1996.Materials and MethodsWe evaluated risk using standardized mortality ratios (SMR) and generalized Cox proportional hazards regression models.ResultsFive new leukemia cases were observed in benzene‐exposed white males, but the summary SMR for this group declined from 3.37 (95% CI = 1.54–6.41) to 2.56 (95% CI = 1.43–4.22). In regression models, cumulative exposure was significantly associated with elevated relative risks for leukemia mortality. Four new multiple myeloma deaths occurred, three of which were in workers judged to be unexposed.ConclusionsThese findings reaffirm the leukemogenic effects of benzene exposure and suggest that excess risk diminishes with time. Am. J. Ind. Med. 42:474–480, 2002. Published 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
How many injured workers do not file claims for workers' compensation benefits?
Authors: Shannon Harry S. , Lowe Graham S. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractBackgroundAnecdotal evidence suggests that there are injured workers who do not file for workers' compensation (WC). Several recent studies support this, and we aim to quantify the extent of under‐reporting.MethodsA Canadian survey asked about work injuries in the previous year, and several questions established eligibility for WC and whether a claim had been filed. The proportion of eligible injuries with a claim was estimated. Logistic regression identified predictors of claim submission.ResultsOf 2,500 respondents, 143 had incurred an eligible injury, of whom 57 (40%, 95% CI 32–48%) had not filed a WC claim. Severity of injury was the strongest predictor of not claiming.ConclusionsSurvey respondents reported a substantial degree of under‐claiming of WC benefits, contrasting with public attention on fraudulent over‐claiming. Policy makers should ensure that all relevant parties are aware of their obligations to report work injuries. This will create a more accurate picture of work safety. Am. J. Ind. Med. 42:467–473, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Highest heterogeneity for cystic fibrosis: 36 mutations account for 75% of all CF chromosomes in Turkish patients
Authors: Kılınç Mehmet Okyay , Ninis Vasiliki Ninidu , Dağlı Elif , Demirkol Mübeccel , Özkınay Ferda , Arıkan Zeliha , Çoğulu Özgür , Hüner Gülden , Karakoç Fazilet , Tolun Aslıhan 
Published: November 2002

AbstractWe analyzed the CFTR locus in 83 Turkish cystic fibrosis patients to identify mutations, haplotypes, and the carrier frequency in the population. We detected 36 different mutations in 125 (75%) of the total 166 CF chromosomes. Seven novel mutations were identified: four missense (K68E, Q493P, E608G, and V1147I), two splice‐site (406 −3T > C and 3849 +5G > A), and one deletion (CFTRdele17b,18). The data showed that the Turkish population has the highest genetic heterogeneity at the CFTR locus reported so far. The results of this thorough molecular analysis at the CFTR locus of a population not of European descent shows that CF is not uncommon in all such populations. The large number of mutations present, as well as the high heterogeneity in haplotypes associated with the mutations suggests that most of the mutations have persisted for a long time in the population. Consistently, the carrier frequency is assessed to be high, indicating that the disease in the population is ancient. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Family with inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and the HNPP 17p12 deletion
Authors: Korn‐Lubetzki Isabelle , Argov Zohar , Raas‐Rothschild Annick , Wirguin Itzchak , Steiner Israel 
Published: November 2002

AbstractHereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP), classically presenting as recurrent focal neuropathies precipitated by trauma or compression, is an autosomal dominant neuropathy due to a deletion at chromosomal locus 17p12. Inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (IDP), a putative autoimmune disorder presenting in an acute (AIDP) or a chronic form (CIDP), has been rarely reported as familial. We present a father and two daughters of Jewish Kurdish origin who developed IDP within 10 years. The unusual familial history led us to reevaluate the diagnosis of IDP, and suggested an autosomal dominant pedigree. DNA analysis identified the deletion typical of HNPP on chromosome 17. Screening for the HNPP deletion in patients with atypical, recurrent, or familial IDP might be warranted. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Composition of the essential oil of Salvia mirzayanii Rech. f. & Esfand from Iran
Authors: Javidnia K. , Miri R. , Kamalinejad M. , Nasiri A. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractHydrodistilled essential oil from the aerial parts of Salvia mirzayanii, endemic in Iran, was analysed by GLC and GC–MS. The oil yield was 2.2% (v/w); 82 compounds, representing 90.5% of the essential oil have been identified. The main constituents of the oil were spathulenol (10.4%), δ‐cadinene (5.8%), linalool (5.2%), α‐terpinyl acetate (5.2%), α‐cadinol (4.7%), β‐eudesmol (4.5%), cubenol (4.4%) and linalyl acetate (4.1%). Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reactivity of cyanothioformamides and 3‐(4‐bromophenyl)‐5‐imino‐4‐oxazolidinethione toward ortho‐substituted nucleophiles
Authors: El‐Gaby Mohamed S. A. , Ammar Yousry A. , El‐Sharief Ahmed M. Sh. , Zahran Medhat A. , Khames Ahmed A. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe substituted benzoazoles 4 and 5a,b were obtained by the reaction of cyanothioformamides 1d and 1b or 1c with o‐substituted aromatic amines 2b and 2c, respectively. Fused pyrimidinones 10, 12, and 14 were synthesized by the reaction of oxazolidinethione (9) with 2‐amino aromatic and heteroaromatic carboxylic acids. The structures of the synthesized compounds were established based on elemental analysis and spectral data studies. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 13:611–616, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10042
Double‐prodrugs of L‐cysteine: Differential protection against acetaminophen‐induced hepatotoxicity in mice
Authors: Crankshaw Daune L. , Berkeley Lorelle I. , Cohen Jonathan F. , Shirota Frances N. , Nagasawa Herbert T. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractA series of double‐prodrugs of L‐cysteine, designed to release L‐cysteine in vivo and stimulate the biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH), were synthesized. To evaluate the hepatoprotective effectiveness of these double‐prodrugs, male Swiss‐Webster mice were administered acetaminophen (ACP) (2.45 mmol/kg (360 mg/kg), intraperitoneally (i.p.)). Prodrug (2.50 mmol/kg, i.p. or 1.25 mmol/kg, i.p., depending on the protocol) was administered 1 h before ACP as a priming dose. A supplementary dose of prodrug (2.5 mmol/kg, i.p. or 1.25 mmol/kg, i.p. depending on the protocol) was administered 0.5 h after ACP. The plasma alanine amino transferase (ALT) values, 24 h after ACP administration were transformed to logs and the 95% and 99% confidence intervals of the log values were plotted and compared for each group. Hepatoprotection was assessed by the degree of attenuation of plasma ALT levels. With these multiple dose schedules, the use of 2% carboxymethylcellulose as vehicle for the prodrugs was found to be detrimental; therefore, the prodrugs were dissolved in dilute aqueous base and the pH adjusted for administration. When a priming dose was given 1 h before ACP followed by a supplementary dose 0.5 h after ACP, only N,S‐bis‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine, where both the sulfhydryl and amino groups of L‐cysteine were functionalized with the acetyl group, was found to be effective in protecting mice against the hepatotoxic effects of ACP. This suggests that these acetyl groups were rapidly hydrolyzed in vivo to liberate L‐cysteine. In contrast, N‐acetylation of 2(R,S)‐methylthiazolidine‐4(R)‐carboxylic acid (MTCA) and its 2‐n‐propyl analog (PTCA), or N‐acetylation of 2‐oxothiazolidine‐4‐carboxylic acid (OTCA), reduced the hepatoprotective effects relative to the parent MTCA, PTCA, and OTCA, indicating that the release of L‐cysteine in vivo from these N‐acetylated thiazolidine prodrugs was metabolically unfavorable. The carbethoxy group, whether functionalized on the sulfhydryl or on the amino group of L‐cysteine, or on the secondary amino group of MTCA, appears to be a poor “pro‐moiety,” since these carbethoxylated double‐prodrugs of L‐cysteine did not protect mice from ACP‐induced hepatotoxicity. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 16:235–244, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.10044
Nonviral vector loaded collagen sponges for sustained gene delivery in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Scherer Franz , Schillinger Ulrike , Putz Ursula , Stemberger Axel , Plank Christian 
Published: November 2002

AbstractBackgroundNaked DNA and standard vectors have previously been used for gene delivery from implantable carrier matrices with great potential for gene therapeutic assistance of wound healing or tissue engineering. We have previously developed copolymer‐protected gene vectors which are inert towards opsonization. Here we examine their potency in carrier‐mediated gene delivery in comparison to standard vectors using a vector‐loaded collagen sponge model.MethodsEquine collagen type I sponges were loaded by a lyophilization method with naked DNA, polyethylenimine (PEI)‐DNA, DOTAP/cholesterol‐DNA and copolymer‐protected PEI‐DNA. These preparations were characterized in terms of vector‐release, cell growth on the matrices and reporter gene expression by cells colonizing the sponges in vitro and in vivo. Subcutaneous implantation of sponges in rats served as an in vivo model.ResultsAt the chosen low vector dose, the loading efficiency was at least 86%. Naked DNA‐loaded collagen matrices lost 77% of the DNA dose in an initial burst in aqueous buffer in vitro. The other preparations examined displayed a sustained vector release. There was no difference in cell growth and invasion of the sponges between vector‐loaded and untreated collagen grafts. Reporter gene expression from cells colonizing the sponges in vitro was observed for not more than 7 days with naked DNA, whereas the lipoplex and polyplex preparations yielded long‐term expression throughout the experimental period of up to 56 days. The highest expression levels were achieved with the PEI‐DNA‐PROCOP (protective copolymer) formulation. Upon subcutaneous implantation in rats, no luciferase expression was detected with naked DNA preparations. DOTAP/cholesterol‐DNA and PEI‐DNA‐loaded implants lead to reporter gene expression for at least 3 days, but with poor reproducibility. PEI‐DNA‐PROCOP collagen matrices yielded consistently the highest reporter gene expression levels for at least 7 days with good reproducibility.ConclusionsWith the preparation method chosen, lipoplex‐ and polyplex‐loaded collagen sponges are superior in mediating sustained gene delivery in vitro and local transfection in vivo as compared to naked DNA‐loaded sponges. Protective copolymers are particularly advantageous in promoting the tranfection capacity of polyplex‐loaded sponges upon subcutaneous implantation, likely due to their stabilizing and opsonization‐inhibiting properties. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A constitutive model for granular materials with grain crushing and its application to a pyroclastic soil
Authors: Cecconi Manuela , DeSimone Antonio , Tamagnini Claudio , M.B. Viggiani Giulia 
Published: November 2002

AbstractA constitutive model for granular materials is developed within the framework of strain–hardening elastoplasticity, aiming at describing some of the macroscopic effects of the degradation processes associated with grain crushing. The central assumption of the paper is that, upon loading, the frictional properties of the material are modified as a consequence of the changes in grain size distribution.The effects of these irreversible microscopic processes are described macroscopically as accumulated plastic strain. Plastic strain drives the evolution of internal variables which model phenomenologically the changes of mechanical properties induced by grain crushing by controlling the geometry of the yield locus and the direction of plastic flow.An application of the model to Pozzolana Nera is presented. The stress–dilatancy relationship observed for this material is used as a guidance for the formulation of hardening laws. One of the salient features of the proposed model is its capability of reproducing the stress–dilatancy behaviour observed in Pozzolana Nera, for which the minimum value of dilatancy always follows the maximum stress ratio experienced by the material. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.