bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K promotes cap-independent translation initiation of retroviral mRNAs
Authors: Fuentes Yazmín , Olguín Valeria , López-Ulloa Brenda , Mendonça Dafne , Ramos Hade , Abdalla Ana Luiza , Guajardo-Contreras Gabriel , Niu Meijuan , Rojas-Araya Barbara , Mouland Andrew J , López-Lastra Marcelo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Translation initiation of the human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) genomic mRNA (vRNA) is cap-dependent or mediated by an internal ribosome entry site (IRES). The HIV-1 IRES requires IRES-transacting factors (ITAFs) for function. In this study, we evaluated the role of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNPK) as a potential ITAF for the HIV-1 IRES. In HIV-1-expressing cells, the depletion of hnRNPK reduced HIV-1 vRNA translation. Furthermore, both the depletion and overexpression of hnRNPK modulated HIV-1 IRES activity. Phosphorylations and protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1)-induced asymmetrical dimethylation (aDMA) of hnRNPK strongly impacted the protein's ability to promote the activity of the HIV-1 IRES. We also show that hnRNPK acts as an ITAF for the human T cell lymphotropic virus-type 1 (HTLV-1) IRES, present in the 5′UTR of the viral sense mRNA, but not for the IRES present in the antisense spliced transcript encoding the HTLV-1 basic leucine zipper protein (sHBZ). This study provides evidence for a novel role of the host hnRNPK as an ITAF that stimulates IRES-mediated translation initiation for the retroviruses HIV-1 and HTLV-1.
Healthcare Resource Utilization and Discharge Readiness in Adult Hospitalized Patients With Candidemia or Invasive Candidiasis Who Received an Echinocandin: An Analysis of United States Hospitals
Authors: Lodise Thomas P , Garey Kevin W , Aram Jalal A , Nathanson Brian H 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Scant real-world outcomes data are available among hospitalized patients with candidemia (C) or invasive candidiasis without candidemia (IC) who were treated with an echinocandin and few have assessed if there is an opportunity to accelerate the transition of their care to the outpatient setting. This study described the outcomes associated with echinocandin therapy for C/IC and determined the proportion of patients on an echinocandin at hospital discharge (HD) who were potentially eligible for an earlier HD.

Methods
A retrospective, multicenter observational study was performed using the PINC AI Healthcare Database (January 2016–April 2019) of hospitalized adult patients with C/IC who received ≥3 days of an echinocandin. Outcomes included post–index culture hospital costs and discharge location. Patients were considered potentially dischargeable earlier than actual HD day if they met the following 3 criteria prior to their actual HD day: resided on a non–intensive care unit hospital ward until HD, received any oral medications, and had no diagnostic/therapeutic interventions.

Results
A total of 1865 patients met study criteria. Mean (standard deviation) post–index culture hospital costs for patients with C and IC were 50 196 (64 630) US dollars and 61 551 (73 080) US dollars, respectively. Of the 1008 patients on an echinocandin near HD and discharged alive, 432 (42.9%) were potentially dischargeable prior to their actual hospital day. Most patients (35.8%) were discharged to a long-term care facility.

Conclusions
The findings suggest that a high proportion of hospitalized C/IC patients receiving an echinocandin near the time of HD were potentially dischargeable earlier. Like all studies of this nature, the findings need to be prospectively validated.
Why should we study plant sex chromosomes?
Authors: Charlesworth Deborah , Harkess Alex 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Understanding plant sex chromosomes involves studying interactions between developmental and physiological genetics, genome evolution, and evolutionary ecology. We focus on areas of overlap between these. Ideas about how species with separate sexes (dioecious species, in plant terminology) can evolve are even more relevant to plants than to most animal taxa because dioecy has evolved many times from ancestral functionally hermaphroditic populations, often recently. One aim of studying plant sex chromosomes is to discover how separate males and females evolved from ancestors with no such genetic sex-determining polymorphism, and the diversity in the genetic control of maleness vs femaleness. Different systems share some interesting features, and their differences help to understand why completely sex-linked regions may evolve. In some dioecious plants, the sex-determining genome regions are physically small. In others, regions without crossing over have evolved sometimes extensive regions with properties very similar to those of the familiar animal sex chromosomes. The differences also affect the evolutionary changes possible when the environment (or pollination environment, for angiosperms) changes, as dioecy is an ecologically risky strategy for sessile organisms. Dioecious plants have repeatedly reverted to cosexuality, and hermaphroditic strains of fruit crops such as papaya and grapes are desired by plant breeders. Sex-linked regions are predicted to become enriched in genes with sex differences in expression, especially when higher expression benefits one sex function but harms the other. Such trade-offs may be important for understanding other plant developmental and physiological processes and have direct applications in plant breeding.
Salicylic acid in plant immunity and beyond
Authors: Spoel Steven H , Dong Xinnian 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
As the most widely used herbal medicine in human history and a major defence hormone in plants against a broad spectrum of pathogens and abiotic stresses, salicylic acid (SA) has attracted major research interest. With applications of modern technologies over the past 30 years, studies of the effects of SA on plant growth, development, and defence have revealed many new research frontiers and continue to deliver surprises. In this review, we provide an update on recent advances in our understanding of SA metabolism, perception, and signal transduction mechanisms in plant immunity. An overarching theme emerges that SA executes its many functions through intricate regulation at multiple steps: SA biosynthesis is regulated both locally and systemically, while its perception occurs through multiple cellular targets, including metabolic enzymes, redox regulators, transcription cofactors, and, most recently, an RNA-binding protein. Moreover, SA orchestrates a complex series of post-translational modifications of downstream signaling components and promotes the formation of biomolecular condensates that function as cellular signalling hubs. SA also impacts wider cellular functions through crosstalk with other plant hormones. Looking into the future, we propose new areas for exploration of SA functions, which will undoubtedly uncover more surprises for many years to come.
Competing claims to crypto-assets
Authors: Woxholth Jannik , Zetzsche Dirk A , Buckley Ross P , Arner Douglas W 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
At the height of the ‘crypto winter’, with several crypto intermediaries filing for insolvency and subjected to schemes of arrangement, who owns what and who has a claim on what becomes all important. At the same time, distributed ledger technologies are frequently presented as a digital solution to these perennial problems of competing claims to the same asset. This article makes two contributions to the literature. First, we show that neither current technology nor law solves the competing claims issue. Second, we suggest policy solutions based on a comparative legal analysis. In essence, the law must: (i) recognize property rights in crypto-assets; (ii) protect bona fide purchasers that receive crypto-assets from a transferor who exerts control over private keys; and (iii) facilitate the enforcement of titles in crypto-assets by the interplay of private and financial law. While full harmonization of national private laws is out of reach, some level of international consensus around these three principles would strengthen the impact of private law in the proper ordering and enforcement of claims to crypto-assets.
Introducing the legislative priority rule: a constitutional compass for the Court
Authors: Ní Chaoimh Eadaoin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The ambiguous nature of the internal market allows for EU legislative input on two tensions animating this field since its inception, those being how to divide power between the EU and Member States and how to reconcile the requirements of integration and regulation. The Court can sometimes struggle with accommodating such input with its Treaty interpretation, leading to further tension with the EU legislator. In the internal market for goods, however, it can rely on the Legislative Priority Rule to resolve disputes in a coherent, Treaty-compliant manner. Casting exhaustive EU legislation as the sole norm against which to assess national product measures, to the exclusion of Articles 34–36 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), this longstanding Rule is, from one perspective, a simple procedural tool to establish the Court’s framework of reference. In reality, however, invoking (or excluding) the Rule can have a substantive and institutional dimension, as its application (or not) engages the relationships between national, secondary, and primary law and, by extension, the Member States, EU legislator, and Court. On the one hand, the Rule enforces EU primacy by pre-empting national competence in the presence of harmonization. On the other, by suspending direct application of Articles 34–35 TFEU, it also implies deference to the EU legislator, and indirectly to the Member States, which enjoy discretion to set standards and determine how power is shared. As a result, while Member States cannot avoid free movement obligations, they can defend national rules by reference to this EU standard to which they have contributed. There is in other words an alignment under the Rule between the dynamics of Exit and Voice, with the Court exercising boundary control to ensure compliance with primary law. It is on this basis that I have come to identify the Legislative Priority Rule as a sort of ‘constitutional compass’ to guide the distribution of power in the internal market for goods. Despite this key role, however, its existence and impact remain relatively unknown or at best ignored, reflecting a gap in understanding the Court’s toolbox for review and a failure to appreciate the role of secondary legislation in building a stable, Treaty-compliant regulatory system.
Safety and efficacy of the EndoRotor device for the treatment of walled-off pancreatic necrosis after EUS-guided cystenterostomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ramai Daryl , Ahmed Zohaib , Chandan Saurabh , Facciorusso Antonio , Deliwala Smit S. , Alastal Yaseen , Nawras Ali , Maida Marcello , Barakat Monique T. , Anderloni Andrea , Adler Douglas G. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Debridement of infected walled-off pancreatic necrosis is indicated to treat and prevent sepsis-related multiorgan failure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the EndoRotor-powered endoscopic debridement system to remove solid debris under direct endoscopic visualization. Search strategies were developed for PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases from inception to June 2022, in accordance with Preferred Reporting items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. Outcomes of interest included technical success defined as successful use of device for debridement, clinical success defined as complete debridement and cyst resolution, and procedure-related adverse events. A random-effects model was used for analysis, and results were expressed as odds ratio along with 95% confidence interval. A total of 7 studies (n = 79 patients) were included. The mean walled-off pancreatic necrosis size was 154.6 ± 34.0 mm, whereas the mean procedure time was 71.4 minutes. The mean number of necrosectomy sessions required was 2.2 (range, 1–7). The pooled rate of clinical success was 96% (95% confidence interval, 91%–100%; I
2 = 0%) with a pooled technical success rate of 96% (91%–100%; I
2 = 0%). The pooled procedure-related adverse event rate was 8% (2%–14%; I
2 = 6%), which included procedure-associated bleeding, pneumoperitoneum, peritonitis, pleural effusion, and dislodgement of lumen-apposing metal stents. Our study shows that the novel EndoRotor device seems to be safe and effective for treating pancreatic necrosis. Patients undergoing endoscopic necrosectomy with the EndoRotor seem to require less debridement sessions when compared with studies using conventional instruments.
Resident training to optimize patient-focused menopause management: a multispecialty menopause curriculum to enhance knowledge and preparedness
Authors: Vesco Kimberly K. , Brooks Neon B. , Francisco Melanie C. , Leo Michael C. , Anderson Tovi M. , Kalter Marlene , Clark Amanda L. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
Surveys of residents in obstetrics and gynecology, internal medicine, and family medicine have demonstrated low levels of knowledge and comfort in treating patients with menopausal symptoms, suggesting a need for improved training during residency. To address this problem, we used a flipped classroom design to deliver a novel menopause curriculum for medical residents. The curriculum included six podcast episodes followed by an interactive case-based classroom session. We then assessed effects of the curriculum on the residents' knowledge and preparedness to manage menopause symptoms.

Methods
We targeted 200 residents (43 obstetrics and gynecology, 86 internal medicine, and 71 family medicine) from six residency programs from 2019 to 2020. Of these, 115 (58%) completed both pre- and postcurriculum assessments, including a 15-item knowledge test and self-ratings of their knowledge, comfort, and preparedness to manage menopause.

Results
Following the curriculum, the proportion of correctly answered knowledge questions rose from 60.8% to 79.1% (+18.3%; 95% confidence interval, 15.4-21.2; Cohen's d = 1.2). Improvement did not significantly differ by specialty or year of residency. There were higher gains for residents who listened to the entirety of all six podcast episodes (b = 11.4, P < 0.001) and who attended the classroom session (b = 11.6, P = 0.003). Residents' self-ratings of knowledge, comfort, and preparedness also improved following the curriculum across all medical specialties (Cohen's d = 0.47-1.2). Residents rated the podcast format as convenient (73%) and effective (65%) compared with an equivalent amount of reading.

Conclusions
Pairing a podcast with a classroom discussion was found to be an effective combination for improving menopause knowledge.
INDETERMINATE CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS WITH OCULAR INVOLVEMENT IN A NEONATE: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Kassotis Alexis , Yeager Lauren , Bogomolny Dmitry , Marr Brian 
Published: January 2024

Purpose:
The authors describe a case of Indeterminate cell histiocytosis, a rare disease of histiocytic proliferation on the spectrum of Langerhans cell histiocytosis.

Methods:
Data were collected through retrospective chart review.

Results:
The authors present a novel case of congenital Indeterminate cell histiocytosis with multisystem disease, including significant pan-ocular involvement. The neonate was successfully treated with the BRAF-kinase inhibitor dabrafenib, local anti-VEGF, and corticosteroid.

Conclusions:
The present case expands on the current ocular presentations of Indeterminate cell histiocytosis.
ASYMPTOMATIC RETINAL DYSFUNCTION AND RETINAL ABNORMALITIES IN A PATIENT WITH ALPHA-METHYLACYL-COA RACEMASE DEFICIENCY
Authors: Kalogeropoulos Dimitrios , Lagha Lilia , Lotery Andrew J. 
Published: January 2024

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to present a case of a young female patient with asymptomatic retinal dysfunction associated with alpha-methylacyl-CoA (alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase) racemase deficiency.

Methods:
This was a retrospective analysis of the medical notes of a single patient. Detailed slit-lamp examination was completed by Optos color fundus photography and enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography. Genetic testing was conducted to establish the diagnosis, and the patient was also referred to the Department of Neurology for further assessment.

Results:
Dilated fundoscopy and ophthalmic imaging revealed bilateral retinal pigment epithelium abnormalities that could be associated with a genetic retinal disorder. Indeed, genetic testing showed that this lady was homozygous for alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (OMIM 604489; Gene ID 23600) variant NM 014324.6: c.154T>C; p.(Ser52Pro). She had no detectable neurological deficit.

Conclusion:
Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase deficiency is a rare genetic condition that can potentially contribute to retinal dystrophy through various mechanisms. In addition, it may lead to a wide spectrum of systemic signs and symptoms. Interestingly, in contrast to other reported studies, the patient was completely asymptomatic, with no evidence of systemic disorders.
Reverse 4-Throw Pupilloplasty for Endothelial Keratoplasty
Authors: Narang Rhea , Agarwal Amar 
Published: January 2024

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to describe the feasibility and applicability of a reverse 4-throw (RFT) pupilloplasty technique for endothelial keratoplasty.

Methods:
In RFT, the 9-0 polypropylene suture needle and a 26-Gauge needle pierce the iris tissue from the posterior surface to emerge on the anterior surface along the proximal and distal portion of iris tissue to be apposed, respectively. The 9-0 needle is threaded into the barrel of a 26-Gauge needle and is withdrawn from the eye. The suture loop is withdrawn and the suture end is passed through the loop 4 times. Both suture ends are pulled, which leads to the sliding of the loop inside the eye, thereby apposing the iris tissue with the knot lying on the posterior surface.

Results:
The procedure was performed in 11 eyes of 11 patients who were scheduled to undergo an endothelial keratoplasty procedure. The anterior segment optical coherence tomography image of the RFT pupilloplasty did not denote any presence of the suture in the anterior chamber or along the anterior surface of the iris plane. No incidence of primary graft failure or graft rejection during the entire follow-up period was reported in any of the eyes.

Conclusions:
RFT serves as an effective technique for performing pupilloplasty in endothelial keratoplasty cases without the presence of a knot or suture tail in the anterior chamber.
Videos for Psychiatric Education
Authors: Schildkrout Barbara 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The field of psychiatry has been limited in its use of patient videos for educational purposes because essential facial information must be obscured to protect patient privacy, confidentiality, and dignity. This article calls attention to emerging technologies for deidentification of patients in video recordings while still preserving facial expression. Fully anonymized videos could be used to augment the education of psychiatric residents and for continuing education of the psychiatric workforce. This article suggests projects that deidentification technology could make possible; it also outlines some complex problems that would need to be addressed before the field could use this potentially transformative technology.
Nucleoid-associated proteins shape the global protein occupancy and transcriptional landscape of a clinical isolate ofVibrio cholerae
Authors: Rakibova Yulduz , Dunham Drew T. , Seed Kimberley D. , Freddolino P. Lydia 
Published: January 2024

AbstractVibrio cholerae, the causative agent of the diarrheal disease cholera, poses an ongoing health threat due to its wide repertoire of horizontally acquired elements (HAEs) and virulence factors. New clinical isolates of the bacterium with improved fitness abilities, often associated with HAEs, frequently emerge. The appropriate control and expression of such genetic elements is critical for the bacteria to thrive in the different environmental niches it occupies. H-NS, the histone-like nucleoid structuring protein, is the best studied xenogeneic silencer of HAEs in gamma-proteobacteria. Although H-NS and other highly abundant nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs) have been shown to play important roles in regulating HAEs and virulence in model bacteria, we still lack a comprehensive understanding of how different NAPs modulate transcription inV. cholerae. By obtaining genome-wide measurements of protein occupancy and active transcription in a clinical isolate ofV. cholerae,harboring recently discovered HAEs encoding for phage defense systems, we show that a lack of H-NS causes a robust increase in the expression of genes found in many HAEs. We further found that TsrA, a protein with partial homology to H-NS, regulates virulence genes primarily through modulation of H-NS activity. We also identified a few sites that are affected by TsrA independently of H-NS, suggesting TsrA may act with diverse regulatory mechanisms. Our results demonstrate how the combinatorial activity of NAPs is employed by a clinical isolate of an important pathogen to regulate recently discovered HAEs.ImportanceNew strains of the bacterial pathogenVibrio cholerae, bearing novel horizontally acquired elements (HAEs), frequently emerge. HAEs provide beneficial traits to the bacterium, such as antibiotic resistance and defense against invading bacteriophages. Xenogeneic silencers are proteins that help bacteria harness new HAEs and silence those HAEs until they are needed. H-NS is the best-studied xenogeneic silencer; it is one of the nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs) in gamma-proteobacteria and is responsible for the proper regulation of HAEs within the bacterial transcriptional network. We studied the effects of H-NS and other NAPs on the HAEs of a clinical isolate ofV. cholerae. Importantly, we found that H-NS partners with a small and poorly characterized protein, TsrA, to help domesticate new HAEs involved in bacterial survival and in causing disease. Proper understanding of the regulatory state in emerging isolates ofV. choleraewill provide improved therapies against new isolates of the pathogen.