bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of long-term efficacy and safety of dienogest in patients with chronic cyclic pelvic pain associated with endometriosis
Authors: Maiorana Antonio , Maranto Marianna , Restivo Vincenzo , Gerfo Daniele Lo , Minneci Gabriella , Mercurio Antonella , Incandela Domenico 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the efficacy and long-term safety (up to 108 months) of treatment with Dienogest in patients with endometriosis.

Methods
Patients with chronic pelvic pain endometriosis-related were enrolled in this observational study from June 2012 to July 2021. The patients enrolled took Dienogest 2 mg as a single daily administration. Group B of long-term therapy patients (over 15 months) were compared with group A of short-term therapy patients (0–15 months). The effects of the drug on pain variation were assessed using the VAS scale and endometriomas dimensions through ultrasonographic evaluation. Furthermore, has been valuated the appearance of side effects and the effect of the drug on bone metabolism by performing MOC every 24 months in group B.

Results
157 patients were enrolled. The mean size of the major endometrioma progressively decreased from 33.2 mm (29.4–36.9) at T0 to 7 mm (0–15.8) after 108 months of treatment. We found a significant improvement in dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, dyschezia and non-cyclic pelvic pain. As for the side effects, both groups complained menstrual alterations present in 22.9%. In 27.6% of group B, osteopenia was found. Group B had a higher percentage statistically significant of side effects such as headaches, weight gain and libido reduction compared to group A. 2

Conclusion
Long-term therapy with Dienogest has proven effective in controlling the symptoms of the disease and reducing the size of endometriomas, with an increase in the positive effects related to the duration of the intake and in the absence of serious adverse events. Study approved by the "Palermo 2" Ethics Committee on July 2, 2012 No. 16.
Reduced relaxed micromorphic modeling of harmonically loaded metamaterial plates: investigating boundary effects in finite-size structures
Authors: Demetriou Plastiras , Rizzi Gianluca , Madeo Angela 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we propose an approach for describing wave propagation in finite-size microstructured metamaterials using a reduced relaxed micromorphic model. This method introduces an additional kinematic field with respect to the classical Cauchy continua, allowing to capture the effects of the underlying microstructure with a homogeneous model. We show that the reduced relaxed micromorphic model is not only effective for studying infinite-size metamaterials, but also efficient for numerical simulations and analysis on specimens of finite size. This makes it an essential tool for designing and optimizing metamaterials structures with specific wave propagation properties. The proposed model’s efficiency is assessed through numerical simulations for finite-size benchmark problems, and shows a good agreement for a wide range of frequencies. The possibility of producing the same macroscopic metamaterial with different but equivalent unit cell “cuts” is also analyzed, showing that, even close to the boundary, the reduced relaxed micromorphic model is capable of giving accurate responses for the considered loading and boundary conditions.
Half-space depth of log-concave probability measures
Authors: Brazitikos Silouanos , Giannopoulos Apostolos , Pafis Minas 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGiven a probability measure $$\mu $$
μ
on $${{\mathbb {R}}}^n$$

R

n

, Tukey’s half-space depth is defined for any $$x\in {{\mathbb {R}}}^n$$

x
∈

R

n

by $$\varphi _{\mu }(x)=\inf \{\mu (H):H\in {{{\mathcal {H}}}}(x)\}$$

φ
μ

(
x
)

=
inf

{
μ

(
H
)

:
H
∈
H

(
x
)

}

, where $$\mathcal{H}(x)$$

H
(
x
)

is the set of all half-spaces H of $${{\mathbb {R}}}^n$$

R

n

containing x. We show that if $$\mu $$
μ
is a non-degenerate log-concave probability measure on $${{\mathbb {R}}}^n$$

R

n

then $$\begin{aligned} e^{-c_1n}\leqslant \int _{{\mathbb {R}}^n}\varphi _{\mu }(x)\,d\mu (x) \leqslant e^{-c_2n/L_{\mu }^2} \end{aligned}$$

e

-

c
1

n

⩽

∫

R

n

φ
μ

(
x
)

d
μ

(
x
)

⩽

e

-

c
2

n
/

L

μ

2

where $$L_{\mu }$$

L
μ

is the isotropic constant of $$\mu $$
μ
and $$c_1,c_2>0$$

c
1

,

c
2

>
0

are absolute constants. The proofs combine large deviations techniques with a number of facts from the theory of $$L_q$$

L
q

-centroid bodies of log-concave probability measures. The same ideas lead to general estimates for the expected measure of random polytopes whose vertices have a log-concave distribution.
Fast Optimistic Gradient Descent Ascent (OGDA) Method in Continuous and Discrete Time
Authors: Boţ Radu Ioan , Csetnek Ernö Robert , Nguyen Dang-Khoa 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the framework of real Hilbert spaces, we study continuous in time dynamics as well as numerical algorithms for the problem of approaching the set of zeros of a single-valued monotone and continuous operator V. The starting point of our investigations is a second-order dynamical system that combines a vanishing damping term with the time derivative of V along the trajectory, which can be seen as an analogous of the Hessian-driven damping in case the operator is originating from a potential. Our method exhibits fast convergence rates of order

$$o \left( \frac{1}{t\beta (t)} \right) $$

o

1

t
β
(
t
)

for

$$\Vert V(z(t))\Vert $$

‖
V
(
z
(
t
)
)
‖

, where

$$z(\cdot )$$

z
(
·
)

denotes the generated trajectory and

$$\beta (\cdot )$$

β
(
·
)

is a positive nondecreasing function satisfying a growth condition, and also for the restricted gap function, which is a measure of optimality for variational inequalities. We also prove the weak convergence of the trajectory to a zero of V. Temporal discretizations of the dynamical system generate implicit and explicit numerical algorithms, which can be both seen as accelerated versions of the Optimistic Gradient Descent Ascent (OGDA) method for monotone operators, for which we prove that the generated sequence of iterates

$$(z_k)_{k \ge 0}$$

(

z
k

)

k
≥
0

shares the asymptotic features of the continuous dynamics. In particular we show for the implicit numerical algorithm convergence rates of order

$$o \left( \frac{1}{k\beta _k} \right) $$

o

1

k

β
k

for

$$\Vert V(z^k)\Vert $$

‖
V
(

z
k

)
‖

and the restricted gap function, where

$$(\beta _k)_{k \ge 0}$$

(

β
k

)

k
≥
0

is a positive nondecreasing sequence satisfying a growth condition. For the explicit numerical algorithm, we show by additionally assuming that the operator V is Lipschitz continuous convergence rates of order

$$o \left( \frac{1}{k} \right) $$

o

1
k

for

$$\Vert V(z^k)\Vert $$

‖
V
(

z
k

)
‖

and the restricted gap function. All convergence rate statements are last iterate convergence results; in addition to these, we prove for both algorithms the convergence of the iterates to a zero of V. To our knowledge, our study exhibits the best-known convergence rate results for monotone equations. Numerical experiments indicate the overwhelming superiority of our explicit numerical algorithm over other methods designed to solve monotone equations governed by monotone and Lipschitz continuous operators.
Middle Terms of AR-sequences of Graded Kronecker Modules
Authors: Liu Jie 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLet $$(T(n),\Omega )$$

(
T
(
n
)
,
Ω
)

be the covering of the generalized Kronecker quiver K(n), where $$\Omega $$
Ω
is a bipartite orientation. Then there exists a reflection functor $$\sigma $$
σ
on the category $${{\,\textrm{mod}\,}}(T(n),\Omega )$$

mod

(
T
(
n
)
,
Ω
)

. Suppose that $$0\rightarrow X\rightarrow Y\rightarrow Z\rightarrow 0$$

0
→
X
→
Y
→
Z
→
0

is an AR-sequence in the regular component $$\mathcal {D}$$
D
of $${{\,\textrm{mod}\,}}(T(n),\Omega )$$

mod

(
T
(
n
)
,
Ω
)

, and b(Z) is the number of flow modules in the $$\sigma $$
σ
-orbit of Z. Then the middle term Y is a sink (source or flow) module if and only if $$\sigma Z$$

σ
Z

is a sink (source or flow) module. Moreover, their radii and centers satisfy $$r(Y)=r(\sigma Z)+1$$

r
(
Y
)
=
r
(
σ
Z
)
+
1

and $$C(Y)=C(\sigma Z)$$

C
(
Y
)
=
C
(
σ
Z
)

.
Preventive releases of phytoseiid and anthocorid predators provided with supplemental food successfully control Scirtothrips in strawberry
Authors: Mouratidis Angelos , Marrero-Díaz Elías , Sánchez-Álvarez Begoña , Hernández-Suárez Estrella , Messelink Gerben J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThrips of the subtropical genus Scirtothrips are emerging as important pests in several crops. Scirtothrips dorsalis has been increasingly invading new areas outside of its native region of South and East Asia causing economic damage to several crops. Scirtothrips inermis is another polyphagous species with worldwide distribution. Both species are polyphagous, and in recent years have emerged as key pests in strawberry. In this study, we first evaluated the predation and oviposition rate of commercially available phytoseiid predatory mites Amblyseius swirskii, Amblydromalus limonicus, Transeius montdorensis, and Neoseiulus cucumeris on larval stages of both Scirtothrips species, and oviposition rates of predatory mites on the supplementary food source Artemia franciscana cysts were also assessed. Predatory mites equally accepted both thrips species as prey and showed stable oviposition rates on these diets. Amblyseius swirskii and A. limonicus were the most voracious, also exhibiting the highest oviposition rate of the predators tested. We further evaluated the biological control potential of predatory mites and anthocorid predators Orius laevigatus and Orius limbatus in a greenhouse experiment. Predators were released preventively and supported with Artemia cysts before the introduction of S. inermis. Both Orius predators achieved good control of the pest, with O. limbatus developing higher numbers than O. laevigatus. Regarding phytoseiids, A. swirskii and A. limonicus both controlled the pest and built higher populations than T. montdorensis and N. cucumeris. Our results show that a preventive strategy based on phytoseiid or anthocorid predators in strawberry can be effective in suppressing S. inermis.
Using Hot and Cool Measures to Phenotype and Predict Functional Outcomes Across Dimensions of ADHD and Typical Development in Adolescents
Authors: Elahi Heather , Iosif Ana-Maria , Mukherjee Prerona , Hinshaw Stephen P. , Schweitzer Julie B. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMultiple pathway models propose that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) arises from dysfunction in separate systems comprised of a "cool" or cognitive pathway versus a “hot” or emotional/reward pathway. Interactions between these pathways and the degree of maturation may further determine functional outcomes for adolescents ranging from those diagnosed with ADHD to typical development (TD). We used a latent profile analysis on rating scales and behavioral task performance assessing emotion, irritability, impulsivity, risk-taking, future orientation, and processing speed (PS) to identify subgroups of TD adolescents and adolescents with ADHD (N = 152) based on the hot and cool pathway model. We identified four classes: 1) High-Complex Challenges; 2) Moderate-Mixed Challenges; 3) Non-Emotive Impulsivity; and 4) High Regulation and Control. A multiple pathway model of ADHD is supported with classes differing in degree of emotional lability and irritability, types of impulsivity, and ability to use future consequences to modulate impulsivity and PS. The classes differed regarding functional behavior, with the High-Complex class demonstrating the most severe functional challenges in academic-related functioning. The Moderate-Mixed class also displayed significant functional challenges but with moderate emotional lability and irritability ratings. The Non-Emotive Impulsivity class exhibited low emotionality and low irritability, yet high impulsivity with limited negative functional consequences, and was composed of a mix of ADHD and TD adolescents. Differences between classes suggest ADHD symptomatology may represent both categorical and dimensional differences. Precision health interventions may be more effective in addressing the specific challenges associated with the classes rather than a one-size-fits-all approach to treating ADHD.
Chemical food safety of seaweed: Species, spatial and thallus dependent variation of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and techniques for their removal
Authors: Jönsson Madeleine , Nordberg Karlsson Eva 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe increasing interest in seaweed as a food resource in Western societies raises concerns about associated potentially toxic elements (PTEs), including arsenic, cadmium, mercury, lead, and iodine. Hence, this study examined variation in PTEs by including samples of four different species (Ulva lactuca, Palmaria palmata, Alaria esculenta, and Saccharina latissima) from Ireland, as well as of a single species (S. latissima) from three different harvest sites and with different thallus parts analyzed from a single harvest site. Comparing different species from the Irish site, U. lactuca showed the overall lowest PTE levels, while S. latissima and A. esculenta had notably higher levels of arsenic (105±3 and 57.9±5.5 mg kg-1 DW, respectively) and cadmium (0.839±0.046 and 1.03±0.05 mg kg-1 DW, respectively), and S. latissima had highest iodine levels (2480±210 mg kg-1 DW). Lead was higher in P. palmata and U. lactuca but below maximum limits. Further analysis of S. latissima from three sites (Ireland, Norway, Sweden) showed site-specific variations in inorganic arsenic (0.192–9.69 mg kg-1 DW), lead (0.0751–0.269 mg kg-1 DW), and cadmium (0.554–1.16 mg kg-1 DW). Saccharina latissima from the Swedish site exhibited uneven PTE distribution in tissue of different age. In terms of tolerable intake levels, iodine and cadmium posed most concern for seaweed consumption. After processing, total ash content decreased, leading to reductions in total arsenic (61.1%), inorganic arsenic (92.4%), lead (49.4%), and iodine (72.8%). Cadmium and mercury were difficult to remove. This study offers insights into the chemical food safety of seaweed, both pre- and post-processing, for introduction into expanding European markets.
Graphical abstract
Explainable reinforcement learning (XRL): a systematic literature review and taxonomy
Authors: Bekkemoen Yanzhe 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn recent years, reinforcement learning (RL) systems have shown impressive performance and remarkable achievements. Many achievements can be attributed to combining RL with deep learning. However, those systems lack explainability, which refers to our understanding of the system’s decision-making process. In response to this challenge, the new explainable RL (XRL) field has emerged and grown rapidly to help us understand RL systems. This systematic literature review aims to give a unified view of the field by reviewing ten existing XRL literature reviews and 189 XRL studies from the past five years. Furthermore, we seek to organize these studies into a new taxonomy, discuss each area in detail, and draw connections between methods and stakeholder questions (e.g., “how can I get the agent to do _?”). Finally, we look at the research trends in XRL, recommend XRL methods, and present some exciting research directions for future research. We hope stakeholders, such as RL researchers and practitioners, will utilize this literature review as a comprehensive resource to overview existing state-of-the-art XRL methods. Additionally, we strive to help find research gaps and quickly identify methods that answer stakeholder questions.
Relationships Between Exposure to Gestational Diabetes Treatment and Neonatal Anthropometry: Evidence from the Born in Bradford (BiB) Cohort
Authors: Martine-Edith Gilberte , Johnson William , Petherick Emily S. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To examine the relationships between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) treatment and neonatal anthropometry.

Methods
Covariate-adjusted multivariable linear regression analyses were used in 9907 offspring of the Born in Bradford cohort. GDM treatment type (lifestyle changes advice only, lifestyle changes and insulin or lifestyle changes and metformin) was the exposure, offspring born to mothers without GDM the control, and birth weight, head, mid-arm and abdominal circumference, and subscapular and triceps skinfold thickness the outcomes.

Results
Lower birth weight in offspring exposed to insulin (− 117.2 g (95% CI − 173.8, − 60.7)) and metformin (− 200.3 g (− 328.5, − 72.1)) compared to offspring not exposed to GDM was partly attributed to lower gestational age at birth and greater proportion of Pakistani mothers in the treatment groups. Higher subscapular skinfolds in offspring exposed to treatment compared to those not exposed to GDM was partly attributed to higher maternal glucose concentrations at diagnosis. In fully adjusted analyses, offspring exposed to GDM treatment had lower weight, smaller abdominal circumference and skinfolds at birth than those not exposed to GDM. Metformin exposure was associated with smaller offspring mid-arm circumference (− 0.3 cm (− 0.6, − 0.07)) than insulin exposure in fully adjusted models with no other differences found.

Conclusions for Practice
Offspring exposed to GDM treatment were lighter and smaller at birth than those not exposed to GDM. Metformin-exposed offspring had largely comparable birth anthropometric characteristics to those exposed to insulin.
Application of Swiss law and influence of Swiss protection of legal personality in international sport: a necessity to ensure equality of treatment among competitors?
Authors: Perruchoud Matthieu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSports law and Swiss law are closely connected. It is at first quite complex to perceive the real implications of Swiss law, in which way it applies as well as its concrete consequences in sport. To understand the relation between Swiss law and international sport, the present article will analyze the concepts, rules and principles of Swiss law which apply in this area (i.e., Swiss association law, contract law and protection of legal personality). Knowledge of Swiss law for athletes, teams and federation is fundamental. It is the first step to develop coherent and powerful strategy before the Court of Arbitration for Sport or internal judicial bodies of international federations. A general overview of the importance of Swiss law appears to be very valuable to understand the context of sports law. Also, the protection of legal personality as the core principle of sports law is of a primordial importance in sports law and it will be developed in this contribution. The specific influence of equality of treatment between athletes will be discussed, too. This principle is fundamental in sport and is one of the purposes of a uniform application of (Swiss) law in sport.
Genetics of hereditary forms of primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: English Katherine A. , Lines Kate E. , Thakker Rajesh V. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPrimary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), a relatively common disorder characterized by hypercalcemia with raised or inappropriately normal serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations, may occur as part of a hereditary syndromic disorder or as a non-syndromic disease. The associated syndromic disorders include multiple endocrine neoplasia types 1–5 (MEN1-5) and hyperparathyroidism with jaw tumor (HPT-JT) syndromes, and the non-syndromic forms include familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia types 1–3 (FHH1-3), familial isolated hyperparathyroidism (FIHP), and neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism (NS-HPT). Such hereditary forms may occur in > 10% of patients with PHPT, and their recognition is important for implementation of gene-specific screening protocols and investigations for other associated tumors. Syndromic PHPT tends to be multifocal and multiglandular with most patients requiring parathyroidectomy with the aim of limiting end-organ damage associated with hypercalcemia, particularly osteoporosis, nephrolithiasis, and renal failure. Some patients with non-syndromic PHPT may have mutations of the MEN1 gene or the calcium-sensing receptor (CASR), whose loss of function mutations usually cause FHH1, a disorder associated with mild hypercalcemia and may follow a benign clinical course. Measurement of the urinary calcium-to-creatinine ratio clearance (UCCR) may help to distinguish patients with FHH from those with PHPT, as the majority of FHH patients have low urinary calcium excretion (UCCR < 0.01). Once genetic testing confirms a hereditary cause of PHPT, further genetic testing can be offered to the patients’ relatives and subsequent screening can be carried out in these affected family members, which prevents inappropriate testing in normal individuals.
Deception aversion, communal norm violation and consumer responses to prosocial initiatives
Authors: Alempaki Despoina , Isoni Andrea , Read Daniel 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Companies face increasing pressure to adopt social responsibility initiatives while simultaneously providing shareholder value. However, consumers may respond negatively to ‘win-win’ initiatives that benefit society while bringing financial gain to the corporation, producing a backlash effect. Previous researchers have attributed this backlash effect to the violation of a communal relationship norm that companies trigger in consumers when communicating their win-win initiatives. We propose the alternative hypothesis that the backlash derives from people's deception aversion. We find evidence supporting deception aversion in three preregistered studies showing that companies are evaluated negatively when their actions differ from those implied by their stated prosocial policy and not, as predicted by the communal norm violation hypothesis, when they merely earn a profit. Our results suggest that companies should not fear that earning a profit from prosocial activities will carry reputational risk, so long as they are transparent.
Shaping the future of tunneling with data and emerging technologies
Authors: Apoji Dayu , Sheil Brian , Soga Kenichi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe increase in global population and urbanization is presenting significant challenges to society: space is becoming increasingly scarce, demand is exceeding capacity for deteriorating infrastructure, transportation is fraught with congestion, and environmental impacts are accelerating. Underground space, and particularly tunnels, has a key role to play in tackling these challenges. However, the cost, risk, uncertainty, and complexity of the tunneling process have impeded its growth. In this paper, we envision several technological advancements that can potentially innovate and transform the mechanized tunneling industry, including artificial intelligence (AI), autonomous, and bio-inspired systems. The proliferation of AI may assist human engineers and operators in making informed decisions systematically and quantitatively based on massive real-time data during tunneling. Autonomous tunneling systems may enable precise and predictable tunneling operations with minimal human intervention and facilitate the construction of massive and large-scale underground infrastructure projects that were previously challenging or unfeasible using conventional methods. Bio-inspired systems may provide valuable references and strategies for more efficient tunneling design and construction concepts. While these technological advancements can offer great promise, they also face considerable challenges, such as improving accessibility to and shareability of tunneling data, developing robust, reliable, and explainable machine learning systems, as well as scaling the mechanics and ensuring the applicability of bio-inspired systems from the prototype level to real-world applications. Addressing these challenges is imperative to ensure the successful implementation of these innovations for future tunneling.