bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of disodium ethane‐hydroxy‐ 1, 1‐diphosphonate and disodium dichloromethylene diphosphonate on lanthanide‐induced calcergy
Authors: McClure John 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSystemic treatment with disodium ethane‐hydroxy‐1, 1‐diphosphonate is ineffective in inhibiting the calcergenic reactions induced in mouse skin by the lanthanides. In contrast, disodium dichloromethylene diphosphonate prevents lanthanide calcergy induced by 12 of the 15 compounds tested but only when treatment with Cl2MDP is given prior to the subcutaneous (sc) injection of the lanthanide. This is the first experimental calcification system in which EHDP was ineffective in inhibiting the calcification and the first in which Cl2MDP was found to be effective in this regard. It is increasingly apparent that individual members of the diphosphonates show variable anti‐calcific effects, that the activity of one particular compound may vary from one test system to another and that the time of application of treatment of the compounds in respect to the application of the initiating stimulus to calcification may be an important factor in determining the efficacy of a particular compound.
Studies on the area cerebrovasculosa of anencephalic fetuses
Authors: Bell Jeanne E. , Green Robert J. L. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe area cerebrovasculosa has been examined in 35 anencephalic fetuses and coronal sections prepared in 15 cases. A bilaterally symmetrical cystic mass is found covering the anterior and middle cranial fossae. The mass is generally walled with glial tissue, partially lined with ependyma and filled with abnormally vascular choroid plexus. The coverings of the cyst are conspicuously vascular and the overlying squamous epithelium is in continuity with hairy skin at the margins of the lesion. The posterior cranial fossa contains a variable quantity of medulla oblongata which has no connection with the cystic mass. The medulla and cervical cord are more nearly normal in that minority of cases with an intact foramen magnum. The degree of hindbrain development is correlated with the previously reported presence of heterotopic glial tissue in the spinal subarachnoid space of some anencephalic fetuses (Bell, Gordon and Maloney, 1981; Bell, 1981, in press).These findings have led us to reject the widely accepted view that the area cerebrovasculosa is totally disorganised, and that anencephaly is characterised by absence of the forebrain.
As assessment of the surface charge of single resident and exudate macrophages and multinucleate giant cells
Authors: Papadimitriou J. M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe relative magnitude of the negative charge per unit area on the surface of resident and exudate macrophages as well as multinucleate giant cells was assessed by cytophotometric and ultrastructural techniques. The results indicate that the surface of resident macrophages possesses a higher negative charge per unit area than that of exudate macrophages or multinucleate giant cells. This may partly explain the relative ease of fusion of exudate macrophages into multinucleate giant cells since the electrostatic forces of repulsion are likely to be lower than between resident macrophages.
Toxicity of the immune suppressant cyclosporin A in the rat
Authors: Blair Jane T. , Thomson A. W. , Whiting P. H. , Davidson R. J. L. , Simpson J. G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractCyclosporin A (Cy A) administered orally (100 mg/kg/24 hr) to adult Sprague‐Dawley rats for 21 days caused a number of functional and structural changes. Behavioural effects, including fits, were also observed during the first week. Two animals (25 per cent.) died on days 6 and 10 respectively; a third was killed on day 7 because of fits. Hair loss was continuous during the experimental period. There were marked decreases in total serum protein, albumin and aspartate aminotransferase, accompanied by rises in alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin. Examination of the liver revealed moderate centrilobular fatty change and minor dilatation of endoplasmic reticulum. Impaired renal function was also evident from increases in serum urea and creatinine and a striking rise in urinary N‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucos‐aminidase activity. Kidneys examined at 21 days showed focal proximal tubular cell (PTC) vacuolation and necrosis, clearly evident on light microscopy. Ultrastructural studies revealed dilatation and vesiculation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum within PTC, together with increased lysosome production and the formation of myeloid figures. Glomeruli and distal tubular cells were unaffected.Cy A caused marked lymphopenia, with a progressive increase in circulating neutrophils and monocytes. This was accompanied by the appearance of atypical mononuclear cells in the peripheral blood. The cellularity of the bone marrow was significantly reduced. In the thymus, there was very marked depletion of the medullary zones, and histiocytes containing cellular debris appeared throughout. The most striking feature in the spleen was the loss of lymphocytes within the periarteriolar sheaths and marginal zones.
Comparison of mycobacterial granulomas guinea‐pig lymph nodes
Authors: Narayanan R. B. , Badenoch‐Jones P. , Curtis Jill , Turk J. L. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA study was made of mycobacterial‐induced granulomas in guinea‐pig lymph nodes. Live BCG (Pasteur) induced a granuloma containing epithelioid cells while Cobalt irradiated Mycobacterium leprae induced a granuloma comprised of phagocytic macrophages. The granulomas were quantitated by measurement of lymph node weight and the areas of infiltration in histological sections. The time course of granuloma formation induced by Co‐irradiated M. leprae was very different from the time course of the granuloma formation induced by BCG. Collagen synthesis assessed by incorporation of 14C‐proline into collagenase sensitive protein was greater in lymph nodes draining the site of injection of Co‐irradiated BCG than those draining the site of injection of Co‐irradiated M. leprae during the first 10 weeks. Collagen synthesis was delayed in the nodes from animals injected with live BCG for at least 10 weeks. Single cell suspensions of draining lymph nodes containing granulomas consisted of lymphocytes and large cells (epithelioid cells and macrophages). A high proportion of the large cells were found to be non‐adherent in the live BCG‐induced epithelioid cell granuloma. In contrast, M. leprae‐induced granulomas contained a high percentage of adherent large cells. In both the granulomas, the majority of large cells were esterase positive and showed the presence of fibronectin. Most of the large cells in the granulomas did not carry receptors for the Fc component of IgG or the C3 component of complement and did not exhibit peroxidase activity.
Tracheopathia osteoplastica: A study of the minimal lesion
Authors: Pounder Derrick J. , Pieterse A. S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe describe the pathological findings in a case of tracheopathia osteoplastica (TPO) of minimal extent. Although described clinically such minimal lesions have not been previously studied pathologically. Our observations lend strong support to the view‐point that the nodules of TPO develop as ecchondroses of the tracheal cartilage rings. It is anticipated that TPO of minimal extent will be increasingly identified clinically and diagnosed on biopsy specimens.
Senile amyloid deposition
Authors: Ishii Toshiharu , Hosoda Yasuhiro , Ikegami Naoki , Shimada Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAmyloid deposition in the aged was studied in a wide selection of tissues from 194 necropsies of subjects aged over 65 years, there being no clinical manifestation of amyloidosis. We employed conventional Congo red staining with the aid of a polarising filter for the identification of amyloid. We analysed the deposits histochemically for tryptophan content and reaction to oxidation using the potassium permanganate method in 26 subjects aged over 85 years.Both the frequency of amyloid deposition and the number of organs involved tended to increase with advancing age, and both increased after the ninth decade with little sex difference. Amyloid deposition preferentially occurred in the aorta, heart, lung, prostate and pancreas among the organs examined. Visceral involvement tended to be confined to the vasculature except in the prostate and pancreas. In cases associated with predisposing conditions considered to evoke secondary amyloidosis such as tuberculosis, multiple myeloma, and rheumatoid arthritis more amyloid was found but the distribution of the deposits was similar by organ and intravisceral site to that of cases unassociated with predisposing disorders.In both groups of cases amyloid was found to contain tryptophan, indicative of immunoamyloid and, with a few exceptions, to be resistant to oxidation by potassium permanganate indicating an immunoglobulin AL component.It can be concluded that senile amyloid should be classified as a form of so‐called primary amyloidosis because of its widespread distribution, its occurrence independent of predisposing disorders and its chemical composition.Subclinical chronic inflammation of the respiratory, gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts may provide the necessary prolonged immunological stimulus to lead to amyloid deposition in ageing tissues.
Histological and ultrastructural studies of the human juxtaglomerular apparatus in benign and malignant hypertension
Authors: McLaren K. M. , MacDonald M. K. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe light and electron microscopic appearances of the human juxtaglomerular apparatus in benign essential and malignant (accelerated phase) hypertension are described. In the former, the variability of appearances precludes assessment of the importance of the apparatus in the pathogenesis or progression of the disease. The hyperplastic appearance of the apparatus in malignant hypertension supports the concept of renin hypersecretion in this phase. Mechanisms of JGA stimulation are considered and the possibility of a new source of renin discussed. It is suggested that morphological appraisal of cellular activity could be correlated with chemical estimations, allowing a clearer delineation of the role of the renin‐angiotensin system in the pathogenesis and progression of benign and malignant hypertension. This might be of value in assessing the cellular response to various specific pharmacological agents used in the management of these conditions.
Demonstration of amyloid A (AA) protein and amyloid P component (AP) in deposits of systemic amyloidosis associated with renal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Hind C. R. K. , Tennent Glenys A. , Evans D. J. , Pepys M. B. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe fibril protein in three cases of systemic amyloidosis associated with renal adenocarcinoma was identified as amyloid A protein (AA) using immunohistochemical staining techniques. Amyloid P component was also present in all deposits. In one case unfixed snap frozen tissues were studied directly whilst in the other two, which were investigated retrospectively, fixed paraffin sections were stained by immuno‐fluorescence and immunoperoxidase methods after treatment with trypsin. Enzymatic digestion was necessary to restore reactivity with anti‐AP but anti‐AA reacted well without any such treatment. These findings establish that renal carcinoma, the carcinoma most frequently associated with systemic amyloidosis, causes the same type of secondary or reactive systemic amyloid as chronic infections and inflammatory disorders.
Uptake of cationized ferritin by colonic epithelium
Authors: Barbour W. McA. , Hopwood D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractGuinea‐pig, rat and mouse were used in this electron microscopic study to demonstrate endocytosis in absorptive and goblet cells of the surface epithelium of the colon. Cationised ferritin was used as the electron dense tracer which attached in vivo to negatively charged membrane components. Both coated and uncoated vesicles entered the cells. The major pathway for the vesicles was to the secondary lysosomes and occurred within 10–30 min.This demonstrates a new pathway of absorption in the adult rodent colon with potential for the uptake of macromolecules. It may provide new clues to the immunology, physiology and pathology of the tissue.
Origin of glomerular crescents in rabbit nephrotoxic nephritis
Authors: Clarke Belinda E. , Ham Kathryn N. , Tange J. D. , Ryan G. B. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe origin of glomerular crescents was investigated in an accelerated model of rabbit nephrotoxic nephritis. In rabbits immunised against sheep γ‐globulin, the administration of sheep nephrotoxic serum provoked cellular crescent formation affecting 30 to 90 per cent. of glomeruli at 6 days. The crescents were composed predominantly of cells with ultrastructural features of macrophages. In animals depleted of circulating leukocytes by whole body irradiation, with or without shielding of the kidney, crescent formation was inhibited despite severe glomerular damage and fibrin deposition in Bowman's space. These findings support the hypothesis that glomerular crescents develop principally from the emigration and accumulation of bone marrow‐derived mono‐nuclear cells.
The morphological development of di‐n‐pentyl phthalate induced testicular atrophy in the rat
Authors: Creasy Dianne M. , Foster John R. , Foster Paul M. D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPrepubertal rats treated orally with di‐n‐pentyl phthalate at 2·2 g/kg body weight were killed at 1, 3, 6 and 24 hr following a single dose, and after 2, 3 and 4 days of repeated daily dosing. At 3 hr Sertoli cells in a proportion of the seminiferous tubules showed vacuolation of the perinuclear smooth endoplasmic reticulum with an associated inward displacement of germinal cells. By 6 hr the vacuolation had extended to the apical cytoplasm and was evident in most tubules. Early degenerative changes were also apparent in spermatocytes and spermatids and were accompanied by an acute interstitial inflammatory infiltrate By 24 hr. germinal cell degeneration was extensive with desquamation and general disorganisation of cell layers within the epithelium, but the interstitial inflammatory infiltrate had declined. Mitochondrial succinic dehydrogenase activity in Sertoli cells was reduced at 3 and 6 hr and absent by 24 hr. In germinal cells it was unaffected at 3 and 6 hr but absent by 24 hr.Two, three and four days of daily phthalate treatment resulted in a gradual depletion of germinal cells from all tubules, leaving a Sertoli cell matrix containing a few necrotic spermatocytes and occasional normal spermatogonia.The significance of the early Sertoli cell changes is discussed.
Inhibition of osteoclastic motility by prostaglandins I2, E1, E2 and 6‐oxo‐E1
Authors: Chambers T. J. , Ali N. N. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe have recently found that calcitonin (CT), a hormone which inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption, completely abolishes the normally intense cytoplasmic motility of isolated osteoclasts. Here we report that prostaglandin (PG)I2, PGE1, PGE2 and 6‐oxo‐PGE1 cause an identical change in behaviour to that induced by CT. The order of potency was PGI2> PGE1> 6‐oxo‐PGE1> PGE2. We found that, unlike CT which causes prolonged immotility in osteoclasts, the effect of these PGs was transient. The transient nature of the inhibition was not caused by their decay or inactivation, nor was it due to production in the cultures of a stimulator of osteoclast motility. Osteoclasts refractory to one PG were also less sensitive to the others, but showed no loss of sensitivity to CT, suggesting that the PGs share a common receptor system, distinct from that for CT. The PGs, like CT, appear to operate by increasing the cyclic AMP level in osteoclasts. The identical nature of the response of osteoclasts to PGs and CT, and the shared use of cyclic AMP as second messenger, suggest that the PGs, like CT, act directly on osteoclasts inhibit bone resorption by these cells. Osteoblasts are known to make PGs, and we suggest that osteoblasts make them as agents of the local control of osteoclastic bone resorption. Paradoxically, when PGs are added to bone in organ culture they stimulate bone resorption. Like PTH they increase osteoblastic cyclic AMP levels, and the effect of adding PGs to bone may be a transient direct inhibition of osteoclasts followed by a sustained PTH‐like stimulation of osteoclasts through osteoblasts. This mechanism may account for the bone resorption seen in inflammatory and malignant disease.
Renal lesions in the obliterative cardiomyopathies: Endomyocardial fibrosis and Loffler's endocarditis
Authors: Date Anand , Parameswaran A. , Bhaktaviziam A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractElectron and, or light microscopic examination of paraffin embedded renal tissue obtained from necropsies on eleven patients with obliterative cardiomyopathy showed a variety of abnormalities. Glomerular lesions present in patients with endomyocardial fibrosis included capillary wall thickening, basement membrane duplication, mesangial expansion and interposition, intraluminal fibrin and dense subendothelial deposits. These changes, some of which have been reported earlier in patients with Loffler's endocarditis, probably result from deposition and organisation of immune complexes.
Lymph node hypervascularity: Haemangiomatoid lesions and pan‐nodal vasodilatation
Authors: Lott M. F. , Davies J. D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA retrospective survey to study vascular abnormalities was conducted on 1073 lymph nodes from 250 patients. Two haemangiomatoid lesions, found in axillary lymph nodes, are described. They are uncommon, localised lesions which appear to be associated with local malignancy. A more frequent vascular abnormality was pan‐nodal vasodilatation, which tends to affect many nodes in a single group and is especially associated with ulcerative colitis. Both types of lesion appear to be reactive in nature. Their characteristics suggest responses to different stimuli.
Peritoneal cell responses to acute gastro‐intestinal inflammation
Authors: Steer H. W. , Lewis D. A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractCell changes in the peritoneal exudate induced by an acute localised inflammation due to a small intestinal anastomosis have been studied. The maximum response occurs on the second day. The neutrophil polymorphonuclear leucocyte output on the second is seven times greater in the peritoneal exudate than in the effluent lymph from the gastro‐intestinal tract.The fate of the inflammatory cell response of the peritoneal exudate has been studied using thymidine‐labelled cell transfer experiments. Some neutrophil polymorphonuclear leucocytes and eosinophils are phagocytosed by monocyte/macrophage cells in the peritoneal cavity. The majority of the neutrophil polymorphonuclear leucocytes and eosinophils migrate through diaphragmatic “stomata” to the parathymic lymph glands via the mediastinal lymphatics.
The binding of fluorescent‐labelled concanavalin A to human breast tissue—A marker of differentiation
Authors: Walker Rosemary A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFluorescent‐labelled Concanavalin A (ConA) has been applied to frozen and fixed, processed sections of normal, hyperplastic and malignant human breast tissue. No loss of binding activity occurs with fixation and the best results are obtained with Bouin's fixed material or trypsinised sections of tissue fixed in 4 per cent. formaldehyde in saline.A difference in reaction has been demonstrated between normal tissue, hyperplastic tissue and carcinomas, which is further accentuated when a lower concentration of ConA‐FITC is used. Staining is consistently localised to the cell periphery in all benign tissue, the well differentiated carcinomas and some of the moderately differentiated tumours. A mixed pattern of reaction with staining of the cell periphery and cell cytoplasm is seen in some tumours, whilst many of the poorly differentiated carcinomas show cytoplasmic staining only.There is a significant correlation between the pattern of staining and the histological differentiation of carcinomas, and between the degree of reactivity and differentiation. It is suggested that any relationship ConA reactivity may have to prognosis may be strongly associated with tumour differentiation.
Diagnostic electron microscopy for amelanotic melanoma: Correlation of patient biopsy, soft agar assay, and xenograft
Authors: Persky Bruce , Meyskens Frank L. , Hendrix Mary J. C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn an attempt to diagnose a suspected amelanotic melanoma tumour, we examined a variety of tissue and cell samples from one patient at the ultrastructural level, which consisted of single cell suspensions of tumour cells with and without DOPA treatment, tumour cells after culture in agar with and without DOPA treatment, and single tumour cells hetero‐transplanted into a nude mouse. Premelanosomes were not observed in sections of the amelanotic tumour with routine electron microscopy. Osmophilic‐dense bodies, suggestive of melanosomes, were noted in the single cells in suspension treated with DOPA and cells grown in agar without DOPA treatment. Definitive premelanosomes, with an identifiable striated matrix, were only observed in cells grown into colonies in agar and treated with DOPA. Positive L‐DOPA reaction products were noted in the golgi complex, endoplasmic reticulum closely related to the golgi (GERL), and in vacuoles from cells grown in agar. As controls, Cloudman S91 53.1 melanoma cells were evaluated as single cells in suspension or as colonies after culture in agar, both with and without DOPA treatment. Premelanosomes were always observed in this established melanoma cell line while DOPA‐treated cells contained positive L‐DOPA reaction products. The overall findings identified the tumour as amelanotic melanoma and indicated that both DOPA treatment and culture in agar were needed for the demonstration of premelanosomes.
The reactivity of Reed–Sternberg cells with monoclonal antisera at thin section and ultrastructural levels
Authors: Stuart A. E. , Volsen S. G. , Zola H. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn an attempt to improve the morphology of Reed–Sternberg cells after immunochemical procedures, the biotin–avidin technique has been used. Satisfactory morphology was obtained at the level of both light and electron microscopy. Reed–Sternberg cells failed to react with a monoclonal antimonocyte serum but gave positive results with anti‐1a and FMC7, a monoclonal anti‐B cell serum. Positive results were also obtained with FMC 1 and B 1 both of which are monoclonal B cell antisera.
The use of monoclonal antibodies for the diagnosis of intracranial malignancies and the small round cell tumours of childhood
Authors: Kemshead J. T. , Coakham H. B. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPanels of monoclonal antibodies have been assembled and been found, using immunocytochemical methods, to assist in the more accurate classification of intracranial neoplasms and the “small round cell” tumours of children.