bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robot-Assisted Retrograde Elastic Intramedullary Nailing Versus ORIF with a Plate for Displaced Midshaft Clavicular Fractures
Authors: Zhang Yufu , Tan Jie , Zhang Xigong , Han Xiao , Li Yanchao , Gong Maoqi , Huang Qiang , Wang Junqiang , Jiang Xieyuan 
Published: January 2025

Background:
The objective of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of robot-assisted retrograde elastic intramedullary nailing and open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with a plate for displaced midshaft clavicular fractures.

Methods:
All patients diagnosed with displaced midshaft clavicular fractures between November 1, 2022, and June 30, 2023, in our level-III hospital (most advanced level) were enrolled in this retrospective study; a total of 116 patients met the inclusion criteria. Patients were divided into 2 groups on the basis of treatment: robot-assisted retrograde elastic intramedullary nailing (RAN group) and ORIF with a plate (plate group). Operations in the RAN group were carried out using the novel TIANJI Robot system (TINAVI Medical Technologies) for navigation and planning of the optimal retrograde intramedullary nailing trajectory. Patient demographics, perioperative parameters, and complications were documented. Patients were followed at the trauma clinic for clinical and radiographic assessment.

Results:
There were 74 patients in the RAN group and 42 patients in the plate group. The RAN group exhibited a significantly shorter total operative time (mean, 52.20 ± 20.76 versus 86.83 ± 27.42 minutes), less blood loss (mean, 7.38 ± 5.54 versus 59.05 ± 30.11 mL), shorter incision length (mean, 1.28 ± 0.85 versus 9.79 ± 1.63 cm), and shorter duration of hospital stay (mean, 3.38 ± 0.73 versus 5.50 ± 1.99 days) (all p < 0.05). Nail treatment was also associated with a significantly shorter time to bone union (mean, 7.92 ± 2.46 versus 16.79 ± 5.18 weeks), a higher SCAR score (mean, 9.77 ± 0.51 versus 5.74 ± 1.15), a shorter time to return to sports (mean, 12.70 ± 2.35 versus 20.10 ± 4.10 weeks), and a shorter time to regain full range of shoulder motion (mean, 9.46 ± 2.35 versus 12.05 ± 2.95 weeks) (all p < 0.05). At the final follow-up, the Constant-Murley shoulder score was significantly higher in the RAN group (mean, 97.57 ± 2.77 versus 93.29 ± 7.63) (p < 0.05). Compared with the RAN group, the plate group had more complications (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Robot-assisted retrograde elastic intramedullary nailing is a safe and minimally invasive treatment option for displaced midshaft clavicular fractures that promotes rapid healing, good cosmesis, excellent functional outcomes, and fewer complications compared with ORIF with a plate.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The novel amino-artemisinin derivative WHN-11 disrupts mitochondria and protein homeostasis, and induces autophagy and apoptosis in cancer cells
Authors: Kajewole Deborah , Wong Ho Ning , Kriegsheim Alexander , Haynes Richard K. , Mare Jo-Anne , Edkins Adrienne Lesley 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Semi-synthetic derivatives of artemisinin exhibit anti-cancer activity in vitro and in vivo in addition to anti-malarial activity. Here, we report the anti-cancer and anti-cancer stem cell potential of novel C-10 substituted amino-artemisinin derivatives, among which the 4'-trifluoromethylarylurea piperazinyl derivative WHN-11 demonstrated consistent cytotoxic activity at high nanomolar concentrations across a range of cancer cell lines. WHN-11 reduced short- and long-term survival of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, a highly aggressive breast cancer subtype that currently lacks standardized targeted treatments. Mechanistically, WHN-11 induced a stress response and increased proteasome-mediated turnover of ubiquitinated proteins. Significantly, WHN-11 promoted mitochondrial depolarization and fission, suppressing the expression of anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma extra-large (Bcl-xL) protein and ATP synthesis, thereby decreasing cellular energy production, and inducing apoptosis. WHN-11 treatment also increased autophagosomes, acidic vesicular organelles and lipid droplets, and promoted the dissociation of Bcl2-Beclin1 complexes. Activation or inhibition of autophagy synergized with the activity of WHN-11 in promoting cellular toxicity, as did increasing cellular dependence on oxidative phosphorylation. The effects of WHN-11 appear independent of substantial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Taken together, the data support ROS-independent mechanisms of anticancer action for WHN-11 and suggest that amino-artemisinins related to WHN-11 are promising candidates for anti-TNBC therapies targeting the mitochondria alone or in combination with autophagy modulators.
The socio-demographic characteristics of food-related environmental impacts
Authors: Caleffi Sebastiano , Micha Renata , Mozaffarian Dariush , Springmann Marco 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Current diets are major drivers of environmental resource use and pollution. Whilst most food and diet-related policies are at national and regional levels, diets differ substantially within countries. Identifying population groups with outsized impacts within countries could allow for more targeted policy measures and increase the effectiveness of mitigation approaches. We quantified how food-related environmental impacts differ across population groups within countries, regions, and globally by combining global data on food availability with estimates of how food intake differs by sociodemographic group within countries, and by pairing those with region and food-specific environmental footprints. Impacts were greatest in men (+ 12% above the global average), young adults (+ 17%), those with high levels of education (+ 40%), urban residents (+ 10%), and those in high-income countries (+ 22%). Controlling for differences in calorie demand reduced most of the differences across the sexes (to a 0% spread globally), age groups (11%), and also urban/rural residence (12%), but differences across levels of education (48%) and income region (21%) remained high. Our findings suggest that it is especially structural characteristics (education/income and region) compared to biological ones (age, sex) that might warrant differentiated approaches for mitigating food-related environmental impacts.
Quantum Spin-Engineering in On-Surface Molecular Ferrimagnets
Authors: Willke Philip , Huang Wantong , Stark Máté , Greule Paul , Au-Yeung Kwan Ho , Sostina Daria , Gálvez José Reina , Sürgers Christoph , Wernsdorfer Wolfgang , Wolf Christoph 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

The design and control of atomic-scale spin structures constitute major challenges for spin-based quantum technology platforms, including quantum dots, color centers, and molecular spins. Here, we showcase a strategy for designing the quantum properties of molecular spin qubits by combining tip-assisted on-surface assembly with electron spin resonance scanning tunneling microscopy (ESR-STM): We fabricate magnetic dimer complexes that consist of an iron phthalocyanine (FePc) molecule and an organometallic half-sandwich complex formed by the FePc ligand and an attached iron atom, Fe(C6H6). The total complex forms a mixed-spin (1/2,1) quantum ferrimagnet with a well-separated correlated ground state doublet, which we utilize for coherent control. As a result of the correlation, the quantum ferrimagnet shows an improved spin lifetime (>1.5 μs) as it is partially protected against inelastic electron scattering. Lastly, the ferrimagnet units also enable intermolecular coupling, that can be used to realize both ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic structures. Thus, quantum ferrimagnets provide a versatile platform to improve coherent control in general and to study complex magnetic interactions.
Superionic Ionic Conductor Discovery via Multiscale Topological Learning
Authors: Pan Feng , Chen Dong , Wang Bingxu , Li Shunning , Zhang Wentao , Yang Kai , Song Yongli , Wei Guo-Wei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Lithium superionic conductors (LSICs) are crucial for next-generation solid-state batteries, offering exceptional ionic conductivity and enhanced safety for renewable energy and electric vehicles. However, their discovery is extremely challenging due to the vast chemical space, limited labeled data, and the understanding of complex structure-function relationships required for optimizing ion transport. This study introduces a multiscale topological learning (MTL) framework, integrating algebraic topology and unsupervised learning to tackle these challenges efficiently. By modeling lithium-only and lithium-free substructures, the framework extracts multiscale topological features and introduces two topological screening metrics-cycle density and minimum connectivity distance-to ensure structural connectivity and ion diffusion compatibility. Promising candidates are clustered via unsupervised algorithms to identify those resembling known superionic conductors. For final refinement, candidates that pass chemical screening undergo ab initio molecular dynamics simulations for validation. This approach led to the discovery of 14 novel LSICs, four of which have been independently validated in recent experiments. This success accelerates the identification of LSICs and demonstrates broad adaptability, offering a scalable tool for addressing complex materials discovery challenges.
RETRACTED: Repurposing the Scientific Literature with Vision-Language Models
Authors: Alyakin Anton , Stryker Jaden , Alber Daniel , Sangwon Karl , Duderstadt Brandon , Save Akshay , Kurland David , Frome Spencer , Singh Shrutika , Zhang Jeff , Yang Eunice , Park Ki Yun , Orillac Cordelia , Vallliani Aly , Neifert Sean , Liu Albert , Patel Aneek , Livia Christopher , Lau Darryl , Laufer Ilya , Rozman Peter , Hidalgo Eveline , Riina Howard , Feng Rui , Hollon Todd , Aphinyanaphongs Yindalon , Golfinos John , Snyder Laura , Leuthardt Eric , Kondziolka Douglas , Oermann Eric 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Low-Protein Diet Enhances Anti-Tumor Immunity and Immunotherapy through Microbiota-Derived Uridine Diphosphate-Galactose in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Dong Ling , Chen Yueying , Nian Fulin , Wu Shengdi , Liu Wenfeng , Tang Wenqing , Zhang Danying , Wang Fengwanni , Shen Xizhong , Hu Xiaoming 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

This study explored the potential of a low-protein diet (LPD) to modulate the gut microbiota, focusing on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) progression and response to immunotherapy. A 25% reduction in dietary protein intake attenuated PDAC development, drove immune activation in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and boosted the immunostimulatory tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) phenotype. We found the depletion of gut microbiota compromised the anti-tumor effect of LPD. Specifically, a significant increase in the abundance of Blautia coccoides was observed following LPD intervention. Further studies revealed that Blautia coccoides administration inhibited PDAC tumorigenesis and via its metabolite, uridine diphosphate (UDP)-galactose. Mechanistically, UDP-galactose activates the P2Y14R receptor, promoting STAT1 expression and phosphorylation, inducing an immunostimulatory macrophage phenotype. Combining LPD with α-PD1 significantly attenuated tumor burden and improved survival beyond α-PD1 alone. Finally, reduced fecal B. coccoides and serum UDP-galactose were observed in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. In summary, LPD reshapes the gut microbiota and metabolites to induce anti-tumor immunity via the UDP-galactose/P2Y14R/STAT1 axis, enhancing survival rates in PDAC.
EpiAgent: Foundation Model for Single-Cell Epigenomics
Authors: Jiang Rui , Chen Xiaoyang , Li Keyi , Cui Xuejian , Wang Zian , Jiang Qun , Lin Jiacheng , Li Zhen , Gao Zijing , Lv Hairong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Large-scale foundation models have recently opened a new avenue to artificial general intelligence for life sciences, showing great promise in the analysis of single-cell transcriptomic data. Nevertheless, such challenges as the tremendous number of signaling regions, extreme data sparsity, and the nearly binary nature of single-cell epigenomic data have prevented the construction of a foundation model for epigenomics thus far, though it is evident that abundant epigenomic properties such as chromatin accessibility provide more decisive insights into cell states than transcriptomics, shaping the chromatin regulatory landscapes that control transcription in distinct cell types. Here, we introduce EpiAgent, the first foundation model for single-cell chromatin accessibility data, pretrained on a manually curated large-scale Human-scATAC-Corpus that is comprised of approximately 5 million cells and 35 billion tokens. EpiAgent encodes chromatin accessibility patterns of cells as concise “cell sentences,” and employs a bidirectional attention mechanism to capture cellular heterogeneity behind regulatory networks. With comprehensive benchmarks, we demonstrate that EpiAgent excels in typical downstream tasks, including unsupervised feature extraction, supervised cell type annotation, and data imputation. By incorporating external embeddings, EpiAgent facilitates the prediction of cellular responses to both out-of-sample stimulated and unseen genetic perturbations, as well as reference data integration and query data mapping. By simulating the knockout of key cis-regulatory elements, EpiAgent enables in-silico treatment for cancer analysis. We further extended zero-shot capabilities of EpiAgent, allowing direct cell type annotation on newly sequenced datasets without additional training.
A Ketogenic Diet Enhances Aerobic Exercise Adaptation and Promotes Muscle Mitochondrial Remodeling in Hyperglycemic Mice.
Authors: Lessard Sarah , Pattamaprapanont Pattarawan , Nava Roberto , Formato Mia , Cooney Eileen , Pinto Ana , Alves-Wagner Ana , Das Anamica , Guan Yuntian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

VO2peak is a key health benefit of aerobic exercise; however, chronic hyperglycemia is associated with persistently low VO2peak due to an impaired adaptive response to training. Here, we tested whether reducing blood glucose with a low-carbohydrate/high-fat “ketogenic” diet could restore aerobic exercise adaptation in a mouse model of hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) and mice were stratified to standard chow (STZ-CHOW), or a ketogenic diet (STZ-KETO), which rapidly normalized blood glucose. After aerobic exercise training, improvements in VO2peak were blunted in STZ-CHOW, but exercise response was restored in STZ-KETO. Improved VO2peak in STZ-KETO was associated with enhanced aerobic remodeling of skeletal muscle, including a more oxidative fiber-type and increased capillary density, along with restoration of circulating angiogenic markers. Moreover, KETO induced exercise-independent effects on muscle mitochondrial remodeling and mitochondrial dynamics, significantly increasing fatty acid oxidation. Our results identify a ketogenic diet as a potential therapy to improve aerobic exercise response in the growing population with hyperglycemia due to diabetes and other metabolic conditions.
First satellite-based estimate of long-lived halogenated gases radiative forcing
Authors: Whitburn Simon , Clarisse Lieven , De Longueville Hélène , Shine Keith , Coheur Pierre , Clerbaux Cathy , Delcloo Andy 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

While the atmospheric concentrations of ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are gradually declining following regulatory measures, the levels of other halogenated compounds, such as hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), continue to rise or are only just starting to stabilize. These halogenated substances are potent greenhouse gases. Their radiative efficiency, which quantifies along with their lifetime their impact on the climate, has until now only been estimated indirectly by means of models. Here, we report the clear-sky instantaneous radiative efficiencies (IRE) of CFC-11, CFC-12, SF6, HCFC-22 and HFC134a estimated for the first time directly from an observational dataset. This is achieved by combining trends observed in 15 years (2008-2022) of spectrally resolved infrared radiance fluxes from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) on Metop satellites, with concentrations measured from ground and space. Comparisons with literature-reported values generally confirm previous model estimates, with some notable differences. The most significant discrepancies are for CFC-11 and SF6, with our estimates being 27% lower but, nevertheless, within the bounds of the uncertainty estimates.
Antigen Presentation by Graft Myofibroblasts Leads to Murine Heart Transplantation Rejection through the Autophagy Signaling Pathway
Authors: Gong Weihua , Wu Zelai , Luo Bixian , Kong Deqiang , Miao Xiaolong , Liu Hongming , Xie Weixun , Hu Chengyu , He Jun , Cao Dong , Shen Zhonghua , Kong Minjian , Dong Aiqiang , Shi Bing-Feng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Fibrobalst plays a critical role in heart physiology and pathology, yet their immunological role in transplanted heart grafts remains unclear, particularly the mechanisms involved.
Methods
Heart transplantation was performed in mouse models (C57BL/6J, BALB/c, PostnMCM, Rosa26-tdTomato, and ATG5floxp/floxp). Single-cell RNA sequencing, qPCR, western blotting, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence staining were used to identify fibroblast subpopulations and assess their immunological functions.In vivo and in vitro assays explored the mechanisms of MHC molecule expression.
Results
Using scRNA-seq, qPCR, western blotting, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence staining, we identified three distinct cardiac fibroblast subpopulations in heart grafts, including silent fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, and MHChigh fibroblasts. Activation and MHC molecule expression in cardiac fibroblasts were found to be dependent on IFN-γ both in vivo and in vitro.Genetic lineage tracing revealed that myofibroblasts exhibit higher MHC class I expression, which appears to be mediated by the expression of periostin (Postn). Differential gene expression analysis between myofibroblasts and MHChigh fibroblasts indicated upregulation of the autophagy signaling pathway. Furthermore, diminished MHC class I expression was observed in ATG5-deficient fibroblasts in vitro. Conditional deletion of ATG5 in myofibroblasts using the Cre/floxp system led to prolonged heart graft survival, reduced infiltration of inflammatory cytokines as well as chemokines, and decreased CD8 + T cell proliferation.
Conclusion
This study suggests that cardiac fibroblasts, particularly myofibroblasts, enhance antigen presentation via autophagy signaling during heart transplantation. These findings give valuable insights into underlying therapeutic targets for heart graft survival.
Challenges and Opportunities with Providing Genetic Testing and Counseling for Mucopolysaccharidosis Type II in Kenya
Authors: Miller Danny , Mungai Lucy Wainaina , Njeru Charles , Njoroge Allan , Maina Michuki , Ilovi Syokau , Nduati Ruth , Wamalwa Dalton , Odongkara Beatrice 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Limited or absent genetic counseling and testing resources in low- and medium-income countries lead to missed or late diagnoses for treatable metabolic conditions with irreversible complications. In some communities, misunderstanding about the etiology of a genetic condition may lead women whose children are affected to be viewed as a bad omen and become stigmatized or ostracized from their community. Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II), or Hunter syndrome, is a lysosomal storage disorder in which deficiency or inactivity of the enzyme iduronate-2-salfatase leads to accumulation of glycosaminoglycans throughout the body. The diagnosis can be made through clinical assessment, enzyme activity analysis, or DNA sequencing. The mainstay of treatment is enzyme replacement therapy. To understand the incidence and impact of MPS II in Kenya, we sought to provide counseling and genetic testing to individuals and families with suspected MPS II. After pretest counseling, we collected blood from 25 individuals to determine iduronate-2-salfatase levels and sequence the IDS gene. We identified a pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant in 17 of 25 individuals and subsequently identified 18 female carriers in these families. We catalog the genotype of males with MPS II and correlate this with the phenotypic profile of these individuals, the female carrier rate, and mortality within the families. This study provides the first summary of genotype–phenotype correlations for MPS II in individuals from Kenya. These findings will allow the development of guidelines to identify individuals who may benefit from early evaluation, especially in those families where there is a risk of MPS II.
Impact of armed conflict on maternal and neonatal health and birth weight: a cross-sectional study in the Gaza-Strip
Authors: Aldabbour Belal , Elamassie Samah , Mahdi Saher , Abuzaid Haytham , Abed Tamer , Tannira Yaser , Skaik Khaleel , Zaydah Yousef Abu , Elkolak Abdelkareem , Alhabashi Mohammed , Abualqumboz Adham , Alwali Abdelrahman , Alagha Heba , Eid Mahmoud , Abed Shireen , Bottcher Bettina 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Women who experience armed conflict during pregnancy are at significantly higher risk of maternal and neonatal complications and having low-birth-weight (LBW) babies due to factors such as violence, stress, food insecurity, and health inaccessibility. This study aims to explore the implications of the 2023–2025 armed conflict in the Gaza Strip on maternal and neonatal health and its effect on birth weight and maternal access to antenatal care (ANC).
Methods
This cross-sectional study included 500 consecutive women and neonates delivered in three obstetric centers in different areas of the Gaza Strip in October and November 2024. The study collected sociodemographic information, maternal obstetric history, maternal nutrition, maternal stress and other impacts of the conflict, and neonatal outcomes, including birth weight. Frequencies, percentages, and median and interquartile range (IQR) were used to describe the data. Correlations between nonparametric continuous variables were tested with the Spearman correlation test. Mann-Whitney test was used to compare birth weight between populations based on residence and sex.
Results
The median age was 28. Nearly half (52.63%) had a normal baseline BMI. Most (84.03%) had a very low monthly income. The prevalence of maternal anemia was 50.4%. Most participants (62.73%) reported insufficient food quantity and 73.6% insufficient diversity. Over half consumed only two full meals daily on average, and the diet largely lacked animal protein. Only 36.68% had eight or more ANC visits, and only 58.4% could establish the first ANC contact during the first trimester. The commonest cause for the lack of ANC was the inability to afford transportation. Also, 69.46% adhered to folic acid and iron supplementation. Most (90.42%) participants reported moderate to high stress levels, with 40.92% and 33.93% feeling almost always or often endangered. The prevalence of LBW was 10.8%, and the median weight was 3100 gm.
Discussion
This study demonstrates the vulnerability of pregnant women during conflicts. It reveals the significant impacts of the 2023–2025 armed conflict in the Gaza Strip on maternal and neonatal health, including an increased LBW rate compared to pre-war data.