bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L'individualisme est-il condamné à l'héroïsme ?
Authors: Castillo Monique 
Published: December 2023

L’individu contemporain doit affronter le cap de toutes les « compétitions » qui mènent à la réussite de sa vie. Fragilisé par les crises économiques, les mutations techniques et la morosité mentale, il est contraint à devenir malgré lui un héros de la concurrence permanente, un héros paradoxal des temps post-modernes, un héros fragile...
Quelle parentalité pour les pères réunionnais ? Rôles et fonctions dans le monde contemporain (océan Indien)
Authors: Malbert Thierry , Rizzo Gisèle 
Published: December 2023

La question du père à La Réunion a longtemps renvoyé dans l’inconscient collectif à des manques, des déséquilibres, voire une absence, que l’on retrouve trop souvent dans l’expression « le père absent ». Sur quoi repose ce poncif ? Est-il structuré sur des représentations en lien avec l’histoire de la famille à La Réunion marquée par des séparations à l’épreuve de l’esclavagisme et de l’engagisme ? Quelle est la place des pères aujourd’hui ? Nous nous proposons de contextualiser la question de la parentalité à La Réunion à travers l’analyse d’une recherche qualitative et quantitative sur le rôle et la place des pères menée par l’observatoire de la parentalité. La réflexion porte sur le soutien de la relation père-enfant dans le contexte sociohistorique des sociétés de l’océan Indien, les pères réunionnais semblant s’impliquer davantage et autrement que leurs propres pères.
L’opération humanitaire Zhusan : réintégration psychosociale des Kazakhs radicalisés revenant de Syrie et d’Irak
Authors: Jumageldinov Askar , Nuradinov Almat S. 
Published: December 2023

Entre 2019 et 2021, le Kazakhstan a organisé le programme de retour au pays, depuis les zones de combat du Moyen-Orient, des hommes, des femmes et des enfants d’origine kazakhe. Cette initiative de l’État, appelée « Zhusan » (« l’absinthe amère ») est une opération humanitaire dont le nom évoque des images de la patrie et de cette plante omniprésente. Au total, 595 personnes sont revenues de la Syrie et de l’Irak, dont 33 hommes, 156 femmes et 406 enfants. Beaucoup d’entre eux s’étaient radicalisés et avaient subi des traumatismes psychologiques. Des mesures globales ont été prises pour les réadapter à une vie pacifique et à les ramener vers l’Islam traditionnel du madhhab Hanafi. Cependant, l’idéologie étatique et les connaissances théoriques en psychologie et théologie ne suffisent pas dans cette situation. Une expérience pratique de la communication avec cette catégorie de croyants est également nécessaire, afin d’appréhender les problématiques liées à la lutte contre l’idéologie radicale et mettre en œuvre les moyens pratiques pour les résoudre.
Faut-il en finir avec la nature humaine ?
Authors: Louis Adrien 
Published: December 2023

Dans de nombreux cas, les critiques du transhumanisme répugnent à défendre une quelconque idée de la nature humaine. D’un côté, cette idée est décrétée trop réifiante, et d’un autre côté, elle paraît insoutenable d’un point de vue scientifique. Dès lors, contre un transhumanisme qui considérerait l’homme comme une « matière » dont il serait bon d’augmenter les performances ou même l’humanité, il semblerait préférable de dire que l’homme est essentiellement indéterminé. Dans cette perspective, la préservation de cette indétermination serait l’argument principal pour lutter contre les dangers du transhumanisme. Cet article voudrait au contraire défendre l’idée de nature humaine, et souligner que la défense de l’indétermination essentielle de l’humain peut aussi être l’objet d’une réappropriation idéologique.
Casuistique du « principe responsabilité » : l’éthique jonassienne et la fin de vie
Authors: Vaté Lyvann 
Published: December 2023

À l’heure où les considérations sur la fin de vie, et plus précisément la revendication d’un « droit de mourir » prennent une place croissante dans le débat public et dans le champ philosophique de la bioéthique, la présente contribution se propose d’examiner l’analyse de Hans Jonas telle qu’elle est élaborée dans l’opuscule intitulé « Le droit de mourir ». Les distinctions conceptuelles et le souci de discerner la spécificité de situations différentes contribuent à l’examen du problème de la responsabilité morale dans les cas de fin de vie et à instruire le débat sur le sujet.
Scepticisme et morale
Authors: Le Jallé Éléonore 
Published: December 2023

Le scepticisme moral de Hume ne se limite pas à la critique du rationalisme moral. Il se repère à la fonction qu’il assigne, en morale, à l’imagination. Dans le Traité de la nature humaine, l’imagination est une instance de correction du sentiment et elle intervient dans le choix des règles déterminant les propriétés ou les titres à l’autorité. Hume précise dans l’Enquête sur les principes de la morale l’intention de son scepticisme en le distinguant de quatre formes de scepticisme excessif : celui qui nie la distinction du vice et de la vertu, celui qui explique cette distinction par l’égoïsme (Hobbes) ou l’artifice (Mandeville), celui qui démasque la justice en révélant sa source imaginaire (Montaigne et Pascal). Le scepticisme moral de Hume se présente alors comme plus modéré, sans rien concéder au rationalisme.
Balanced Epigenetic Regulation of MHC Class I Expression in Tumor Cells by the Histone Ubiquitin Modifiers BAP1 and PCGF1
Authors: Wijdeven Ruud H , Luk Sietse J , Schoufour Tom A W , van der Zanden Sabina Y , Cabezuelo Marta , Heemskerk Mirjam H M , Neefjes Jacques 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
MHC class I (MHC-I) molecules are critical for CD8+ T cell responses to viral infections and malignant cells, and tumors can downregulate MHC-I expression to promote immune evasion. In this study, using a genome-wide CRISPR screen on a human melanoma cell line, we identified the polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) subunit PCGF1 and the deubiquitinating enzyme BAP1 as opposite regulators of MHC-I transcription. PCGF1 facilitates deposition of ubiquitin at H2AK119 at the MHC-I promoters to silence MHC-I, whereas BAP1 removes this modification to restore MHC-I expression. PCGF1 is widely expressed in tumors and its depletion increased MHC-I expression in multiple tumor lines, including MHC-Ilow tumors. In cells characterized by poor MHC-I expression, PRC1 and PRC2 act in parallel to impinge low transcription. However, PCGF1 depletion was sufficient to increase MHC-I expression and restore T cell–mediated killing of the tumor cells. Taken together, our data provide an additional layer of regulation of MHC-I expression in tumors: epigenetic silencing by PRC1 subunit PCGF1.
SHP-1 Regulates CD8+ T Cell Effector Function but Plays a Subtle Role with SHP-2 in T Cell Exhaustion Due to a Stage-Specific Nonredundant Functional Relay
Authors: Hou Bowen , Hu Yanyan , Zhu Yuzhen , Wang Xiaocui , Li Wanyun , Tang Jian , Jia Xian , Wang Jiayu , Cong Yu , Quan Minxue , Yang Hongying , Zheng Haiping , Bao Yuzhou , Chen Xiao Lei , Wang Hong-Rui , Xu Bing , Gascoigne Nicholas R J , Fu Guo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
SHP-1 (Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase 1) is a well-known negative regulator of T cells, whereas its close homolog SHP-2 is the long-recognized main signaling mediator of the PD-1 inhibitory pathway. However, recent studies have challenged the requirement of SHP-2 in PD-1 signaling, and follow-up studies further questioned the alternative idea that SHP-1 may replace SHP-2 in its absence. In this study, we systematically investigate the role of SHP-1 alone or jointly with SHP-2 in CD8+ T cells in a series of gene knockout mice. We show that although SHP-1 negatively regulates CD8+ T cell effector function during acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection, it is dispensable for CD8+ T cell exhaustion during chronic LCMV infection. Moreover, in contrast to the mortality of PD-1 knockout mice upon chronic LCMV infection, mice double deficient for SHP-1 and SHP-2 in CD8+ T cells survived without immunopathology. Importantly, CD8+ T cells lacking both phosphatases still differentiate into exhausted cells and respond to PD-1 blockade. Finally, we found that SHP-1 and SHP-2 suppressed effector CD8+ T cell expansion at the early and late stages, respectively, during chronic LCMV infection.
Spinal Neuronal miR-124 Inhibits Microglial Activation and Contributes to Preventive Effect of Electroacupuncture on Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Mice
Authors: Li Xiao-Chen , Chen Hui , Chen Yu , Chu Yu-Xia , Mi Wen-Li , Wang Yan-Qing , Mao-Ying Qi-Liang 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a persistent and irreversible side effect of antineoplastic agents. Patients with CIPN usually show chronic pain and sensory deficits with glove-and-stocking distribution. However, whether spinal neuronal microRNA (miR)-124 is involved in cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy remains to be studied. In this study, miR-124 was significantly reduced in the spinal dorsal horn in CIPN mice. Overexpression of neuronal miR-124 induced by injecting adeno-associated virus with neuron-specific promoter into the spinal cord of mice prevented the development of mechanical allodynia, sensory deficits, and the loss of intraepidermal nerve fibers induced by cisplatin. Meanwhile, cisplatin-induced M1 microglia activation and the release of proinflammatory cytokines were significantly inhibited by overexpression of neuronal miR-124. Furthermore, electroacupuncture (EA) treatment upregulated miR-124 expression in the spinal dorsal horn of CIPN mice. Interestingly, downregulation of spinal neuronal miR-124 significantly inhibited the regulatory effect of EA on CIPN and microglia activity as well as spinal neuroinflammation induced by cisplatin. These results demonstrate that spinal neuronal miR-124 is involved in the prevention and treatment of EA on cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy in mice. Our findings suggest that spinal neuronal miR-124 might be a potential target for EA effect, and we provide, to our knowledge, a new experimental basis for EA prevention of CIPN.
A Rare Case of Cutaneous Metastasis of Osteosarcoma
Authors: Kachapur Chandrashekhar , Seetaram N. K. , Kulkarni Shruti Nitin , Hasabi Ishwar , Gayatri BH 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary bone tumor, usually seen in childhood or adolescence. With an estimated incidence of 5 in every 100,000 new cases detected per year, OS is an aggressive malignant mesenchymal tumor. The most common sites for this tumor are the distal end of the femur and the proximal tibia. Metastases from OS are most commonly seen in the lung or other bones. Patients with skin and subcutaneous tissue metastases are a relatively rare subset. Here, we report a rare case of an 18-year-old girl who presented to the hospital with an unusual site of metastasis from OS.
Predictors of quality of life of cancer patients: A psycho-oncological study conducted at Tripura, North-East India
Authors: Bhattacharjee Anjana , Ghosh Tatini 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
Cancer is, no doubt, a life-threatening illness, and it has a long-term effect on the physical and mental health of the patients, particularly on their quality of life (QOL). The present article is an attempt to examine the role of socioeconomic factors, illness duration and spirituality on the QOL of cancer patients.

Methods:
The sample consisted of 200 cancer patients (100 men and 100 women patients) belonging to the state of Tripura, a Northeastern state of India. Out of 200 cancer patients, most of them (100, 50%) were suffering from oral cancer, followed by lung and breast cancer. General Information Schedule, Quality of Life Patient/Cancer Survivor Version (developed by Ferrell, Hassey-Dow and Grant), and The Spiritual Experience Index- Revised (developed by Genia) were used for data collection. For analysis of data, independent t-test, analysis of variance, and multiple linear regression were computed. The statistical analysis was carried out using IBM SPSS Version 25.0.

Results:
The findings showed no significant difference in QOL scores among the subgroups of cancer patients in socioeconomic and illness factor, except for family income. Further analysis revealed that only spirituality and educational qualification of cancer patients significantly predicted their QOL.

Conclusion:
The current article can act as a springboard for further studies in this area and provide aid for socioeconomic development while improvising cancer patients’ QOL.
Cancer pattern in Varanasi district from Uttar Pradesh state of India, a foundation for cancer control based on the first report of the population-based cancer registry
Authors: Budukh Atul M , Pradhan Satyajit , Singh Virendra B , Khanna Divya , Bagal Sonali S , Chakravarti Priyal S , Sharma Anand N , Vishwakarma Rajesh K , Shinde Shraddha S , Khargekar Naveen C , Chaturvedi Pankaj , Dikshit Rajesh P , Shukla Vijay K , Badwe Rajendra A 
Published: December 2023

Background:
The cancer registry provides reliable data from the population. In this article, we provide cancer burden and its patterns from the Varanasi district.

Methods:
The method adopted by the Varanasi cancer registry is community interaction along with regular visits to more than 60 sources to collect data on cancer patients. The cancer registry was established by the Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, in 2017 covering 4 million population (57% rural and 43% urban population).

Results:
The registry has recorded 1,907 incidence cases (1,058 male and 849 female). The age-adjusted incidence rate per 100,000 population in male and female of Varanasi district is 59.2 and 52.1, respectively. One in 15 male and one in 17 female are at risk of developing the disease. Mouth and tongue cancers are the predominant cancers in male, whereas breast, cervix uteri, and gallbladder are the leading cancer sites among the female. In female, cervix uteri cancer is significantly higher (double) in rural areas when compared with urban areas (rate ratio [RR] 0.5, 95% confidence interval [CI; 0.36, 0.72]), whereas in male, mouth cancer is higher in urban areas when compared with rural areas (RR 1.4, 95% CI [1.11, 1.72]). More than 50% of cancer cases in male are due to tobacco consumption. There may be underreporting of the cases.

Conclusion:
The results of the registry warrant policies and activities related to early detection services for the mouth, cervix uteri, and breast cancers. The Varanasi cancer registry is the foundation for cancer control and will play an important role in the evaluation of the interventions.
Prognostic value of proliferation markers Ki-67 and PCNA in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Deng Jiaying , Luo Lumeng , Ren Wenjia , Zhang Junhua , Hu Chenghao , Zhao Kuaile 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) are markers of proliferation used to assess the growth fraction of the cell population. The present study aimed to explore the prognostic value of these proliferative markers in patients with resected esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) in a large cohort.

Methods:
A total of 807 patients with ESCC who underwent radical resection were retrospectively reviewed. Ki-67 and PCNA index were examined as the percentage of positively nuclear-stained cells among total number of cancer cells in three high-power fields by a pathologist who was blinded to the patients’ history and outcome. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were estimated. The Cox regression model was used to evaluate the independent factor.

Results:
The cut-off value as 60 and 80% for Ki-67 and PCNA were verified, respectively. Higher Ki-67 expression was associated with low differentiation and more lymph node metastasis. Higher PCNA expression was associated with elevated T stage. However, either expression of Ki-67 or PCNA was not correlated with OS and DFS. While in combination of Ki-67 and PCNA analysis, higher expression of these two proliferative markers predicted worse prognosis (median OS, 47 months versus 54 months, P = 0.04). Whatever the combined proliferative marker, differentiation, lymph node metastasis stage and vascular invasion act as factors in univariate survival analysis, but combined Ki-67 and PCNA is not an independent prognostic variable in multivariate analysis (P = 0.10).

Conclusion:
Our results suggest that proliferative markers of Ki-67 and PCNA may correlate with tumor stage but cannot act as independent predictor of prognosis in ESCC patients.
Analysis of the most viewed Hindi YouTube videos on breast cancer
Authors: Sinha Nibha , Sharma Alka 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women worldwide. Social media channels are a significant source of health information including breast cancer. YouTube has a broad range of educational materials on various health issues in many languages. However, the accuracy of these videos is contentious. This study aimed to examine the accuracy of the most viewed Hindi videos on YouTube related to breast cancer.

Methods:
On YouTube, the “Breast Cancer-Hindi” term was searched for the 50 most viewed Hindi videos. To evaluate the videos’ quality and reliability, global quality scores (GQS) and DISCERN (quality criteria for the assessment of written health information), and for credibility and usefulness Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) tool were used. Popularity was measured using a video power index (VPI). Comparisons of scores were made between professionals’ and consumers’ videos. Two health researchers independently rated the videos and their correlation was calculated for agreement.

Results:
Of all the 50 videos viewed, 23 (46%) each were uploaded by consumers and professionals. GQS median 3 (1–5), DISCERN median 13 (5–23), JAMA median 2 (0.50–4), and VPI median 90.7 (50–96.93) were reported. All scores of professionals were higher than consumers at a significant level (P < 0.05). A significant correlation was found between both observers (P < 0.01).

Conclusion:
YouTube has some good quality and reliable videos on breast cancer in the Hindi language. These videos are mostly of professionals in comparison with consumers with wide viewership. However, they are limited in numbers; therefore, health professionals should upload more videos with accurate information to spread awareness about breast cancer.
Determinants of pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer: A single-institution experience
Authors: Joshi Shalaka , Chougle Qurratulain , Noronha Jarin , Hawaldar Rohini , Nair Nita , Vanmali Vaibhav , Parmar Vani , Thakkar Purvi , Chitkara Garvit , Shet Tanuja , Badwe Rajendra A. 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is routinely used in all cases of locally advanced breast cancer and some cases of early breast cancer. We previously reported a pathological complete response (pCR) rate of 8.3%. With the increasing use of taxanes and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-directed NACT, we conducted this study to understand the current pCR rate and its determinants.

Methods:
A prospective database of breast cancer patients who underwent NACT followed by surgery between January and December 2017 was evaluated.

Results:
Of the 664 patients, 87.7% were cT3/T4, 91.6% were grade III, and 89.8% were node-positive at presentation (54.4% cN1, 35.4% cN2). The median age was 47 years; median pre-NACT clinical tumor size was 5.5 cm. Molecular subclassification was 30.3% hormone receptor positive (HR+) HER2−, 18.4% HR+HER2+, 14.9% HR−HER2+, and 31.6% triple negative (TN). Both anthracyclines and taxanes were given preoperatively in 31.2% patients whereas 58.5% of HER2 positive patients received HER2-targeted NACT. The overall pCR rate was 22.4% (149/664), 9.3% in HR+HER2-, 15.6% in HR+HER2+, 35.4% in HR−HER2+, and 33.4% in TN. On univariate analysis, duration of NACT (P < 0.001), cN stage at presentation (P = 0.022), HR status (P < 0.001), and lymphovascular invasion (P < 0.001) were associated with pCR. On logistic regression, HR negative status (Odds ratio [OR] 3.314, P < 0.001), longer duration of NACT (OR 2.332, P < 0.001), cN2 stage (OR 0.57, P = 0.012), and HER2 negativity (OR 1.583, P = 0.034) were significantly associated with pCR.

Conclusion:
Response to chemotherapy depends on molecular subtype and duration of NACT. A low rate of pCR in the HR+ subgroup of patients warrants reconsideration of neoadjuvant strategies.
Apatinib plus drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization as bridging therapy to surgical resection displays an acceptable efficacy and safety profile in hepatocellular carcinoma patients
Authors: Yan Jingwei , Sun Yumei , Fan Daguang , Mu Wei 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Apatinib exhibits a synergistic effect with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) by inhibiting TACE-induced neoangiogenic reaction in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. But apatinib plus drug-eluting bead TACE (DEB-TACE) is rarely reported as a bridging therapy to surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of apatinib plus DEB-TACE as a bridge to surgical resection in intermediate-stage HCC patients.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty-one intermediate-stage HCC patients who received apatinib plus DEB-TACE as a bridging therapy to surgery were enrolled. After the bridging therapy, complete response (CR), partial response (PR), stable disease (SD), progressive disease (PD), and objective response rate (ORR) were evaluated; meanwhile, relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were determined.

Results:
After the bridging therapy, three (9.7%), twenty one (67.7%), seven (22.6%), and twenty four (77.4%) patients achieved CR, PR, SD, and ORR, respectively; besides, PD did not occur. The successful downstaging rate was 18 (58.1%). The median (95% confidence interval [CI]) accumulating RFS was 33.0 (19.6 - 46.6) months. Besides, the median (95% CI) accumulating OS was 37.0 (24.8 - 49.2) months. HCC patients with successful downstaging showed a higher accumulating RFS rate (P = 0.038) and similar accumulating OS rate (P = 0.073) compared to those without successful downstaging. The overall incidence of adverse events was relatively low. Besides, all the adverse events were mild and controllable. The most frequent adverse events included pain (14 [45.2%]) and fever (9 [29.0%]).

Conclusion:
Apatinib plus DEB-TACE as a bridging therapy to surgical resection displays good efficacy and safety profile in intermediate-stage HCC patients.