bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Numerical Investigation on the Formation of the Stalling of the Cross‐Polar Jet in Midnight Thermospheric Winds
Authors: Tan Yusha , Dang Tong , Lei Jiuhou , Wang Wenbin , Zhang Binzheng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThermospheric winds usually flow from noon to the midnight inside the polar cap and spill further equatorward around midnight, due to the combined effects of solar radiation‐driven pressure gradient and ion drag. Recent observations from the Scanning Doppler Imager at Poker Flat indicated a distinct feature that the cross‐polar jet stalls over short horizontal distances around the magnetic midnight. However, the mechanisms responsible for the occurrence of stalling have not been well understood. In this study, we investigated the physical mechanisms of the stalling of the cross‐polar jet based on the Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model simulations. The model reproduced the general stalling features at midnight over a short horizontal distance. The occurrence of stalling is mainly associated with Joule heating, which enhances the neutral temperature and then turns winds poleward by the pressure gradient force, and ion‐neutral coupling, which drags neutral winds westward in the pre magnetic local time midnight sector and contributes to the poleward turning of the meridional winds by the poleward Coriolis force. Meanwhile, the stalling region has a large latitudinal range and depends on the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). Under southward IMF Bz, thermospheric winds are likely to stall at lower latitudes associated with strong ionospheric convection. The stalling of the cross‐polar jet in the midnight thermospheric winds has UT/longitude dependence, which could be associated with the orientation of the alignment of geomagnetic and geographic poles with respect to ionospheric convection.
Effective Radiative Forcing of the Internally Mixed Sulfate and Black Carbon Aerosol in the GFDL AM4 Model: The Role Played by Other Aerosol Species
Authors: Govardhan Gaurav , Paynter David , Ramaswamy Venkatachalam 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe compute the effective radiative forcing (ERF) of the internally mixed sulfate‐black carbon (SBC) aerosol species in the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's (GFDL) Atmospheric Model version 4 (AM4) model using five different formulations. The formulations differ in how they account for the presence of other aerosol species. The global mean ERF of SBC in the GFDL AM4 model ranges from −0.51 ± 0.1 to −1.06 ± 0.1 W m−2. The three most realistic configurations of the five, in which the emissions of other aerosol species vary between 1850 and 2010 states, depict a tighter distribution of ERF (−0.51, −0.55, and −0.57 ± 0.1). The two outlier configurations completely exclude one or more other aerosol species, which is slightly unrealistic but included for completeness. The former three configurations, however, result in substantially different ERFs over the regional hot spots of aerosols, e.g., over the land‐mass of East China; the choice of the emission conditions for organic carbon (i.e., present‐day or preindustrial) affects the ERF of SBC by ∼37%. The component of ERF related to aerosol‐cloud interactions (ACI) gets principally affected by the presence of other aerosol species. The higher the emissions of other aerosol species, the lesser is the ERF of SBC associated with ACI. This finding suggests that for ERF estimates, the choice of the emission level/concentrations of the other aerosol species significantly affects the estimates of SBC, especially over the aerosol hot spots.
Preface to Monitoring the Earth Radiation Budget and Its Implication to Climate Simulations: Recent Advances and Discussions
Authors: Montillet J.‐P. , Haberreiter M. , Rozanov E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis article acts as an introduction to the JGR‐Atmospheres special section titled Monitoring the Earth Radiation Budget and its Implication to Climate Simulations: Recent Advances and Discussions. It outlines the key findings presented in the articles published in the special section. Additionally, it delves into some of the emerging trends in the ongoing research within this field of research.
The Effect of Sediment Transport Models on Simulating River Dune Dynamics
Authors: Lokin L. R. , Warmink J. J. , Hulscher S. J. M. H. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRiver dunes, dynamic bedforms in the river bed, limit navigable depths during low flows and increase bed roughness. To predict the navigable depth or where maintenance dredging is needed, a numerical dune development model can be a powerful tool. To study the effect of sediment transport on dune shape and propagation, four different sediment transport models were applied in an existing dune development model. Each sediment transport model was able to simulate dune propagation, while only sediment transport models based on the shear stress reshaped the river dunes. The tested sediment transport models can simulate dune celerity similar to observations and realistic, though different, dune shapes for low and median discharges. Implementation of a gravitational bed slope effect combined with a critical shear stress results in low angle dunes, which are representative for river dunes during low river flows. Sediment transport models with spatial relaxation, also result in low angle dunes. However, the relaxation parameters need to be redefined for low flow situation to prevent transition to upper stage plane bed at too low flow velocities. Further analysis of the resulting dune shapes shows that the sediment transport model determines the dune shape in terms of slope angles, while the dune height is related to the total transport capacity.
Quantifying the Impact of Spatiotemporal Resolution on the Interpretation of Fluvial Geomorphic Feature Dynamics From Sentinel 2 Imagery: An Application on a Braided River Reach in Northern Italy
Authors: Bozzolan Elisa , Brenna Andrea , Surian Nicola , Carbonneau Patrice , Bizzi Simone 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMachine learning algorithms applied on the publicly available Sentinel 2 images (S2) are opening the opportunity to automatically classify and monitor fluvial geomorphic feature (such as sediment bars or water channels) dynamics across scales. However, there are few analyses on the relative importance of S2 spatial versus temporal resolution in the context of geomorphic research. In a dynamic, braided reach of the Sesia River (Northern Italy), we thus analyzed how the inherent uncertainty associated with S2's spatial resolution (10 m pixel size) can impact the significance of the active channel (a combination of sediment and water) delineation, and how the S2's weekly temporal resolution can influence the interpretation of its evolutionary trajectory. A comparison with manually classified images at higher spatial resolutions (Planet: 3 m and orthophoto: 0.3 m) shows that the automatically classified water is ∼20% underestimated whereas sediments are ∼30% overestimated. These classification errors are smaller than the geomorphic changes detected in the 5 years analyzed, so the derived active channel trajectory can be considered robust. The comparison across resolutions also highlights that the yearly Planet‐ and S2‐derived active channel trajectory are analogous and they are both more effective in capturing the river geomorphic response after major flood events than the trajectory derived from sequential multiannual orthophotos. More analyses of this type, across different types of river could give insights on the transferability of the spatial uncertainty boundaries found as well as on the spatial and temporal resolution trade‐off needed for supporting different geomorphic analyses.
Conversions between metabolically unhealthy and healthy obesity from midlife to late-life
Authors: Ler Peggy , Ojalehto Elsa , Zhan Yiqiang , Finkel Deborah , Dahl Aslan Anna K. , Karlsson Ida K. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Metabolically healthy obesity may be a transient phenotype, but studies with long follow-up, especially covering late-life, are lacking. We describe conversions between cross-categories of body mass index (BMI) and metabolic health in 786 Swedish twins with up to 27 years of follow-up, from midlife to late-life.

Methods
Metabolic health was defined as the absence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). We first visualized conversions between BMI-metabolic health phenotypes in 100 individuals with measurements available at ages 50–64, 65–79, and ≥80. Next, we modeled conversion in metabolic health status by BMI category in the full sample using Cox proportional hazards regression.

Results
The proportion of individuals with MetS and with overweight or obesity increased with age. However, one-fifth maintained a metabolically healthy overweight or obesity across all three age categories. Among those metabolically healthy at baseline, 59% converted to MetS during follow-up. Conversions occurred 56% more often among individuals with metabolically healthy obesity, but not overweight, compared to normal weight. Among those with MetS at baseline, 60% regained metabolic health during follow-up, with no difference between BMI categories.

Conclusions
Conversions between metabolically healthy and unhealthy status occurred in both directions in all BMI categories. While conversions to MetS were more common among individuals with obesity, many individuals maintained or regained metabolic health during follow-up.
Comparison of fludarabine/melphalan (FluMel) with fludarabine/melphalan/BCNU or thiotepa (FBM/FTM) in patients with AML in first complete remission undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation – a registry study on behalf of the EBMT Acute Leukemia Working Party
Authors: Duque-Afonso Jesús , Finke Jürgen , Ngoya Maud , Galimard Jacques-Emmanuel , Craddock Charles , Raj Kavita , Bloor Adrian , Nicholson Emma , Eder Matthias , Kim Orchard , Valerius Thomas , Snowden John A. , Tholouli Eleni , Crawley Charles , Collin Matthew , Wilson Keith M. O. , Gadisseur Alain , Protheroe Rachel , Wagner-Drouet Eva Maria , Savani Bipin N. , Spyridonidis Alexandros , Ciceri Fabio , Nagler Arnon , Mohty Mohamad 
Published: December 2023

AbstractConditioning protocols for patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) are being developed continuously to improve their anti-leukemic efficacy and reduce their toxicity. In this study, we compared the conditioning protocol of fludarabine with melphalan 140 mg/m2 (FluMel) with conditioning protocols based on this same backbone but with an additional alkylating agent i.e., either fludarabine/BCNU (also known as carmustine)/melphalan (FBM), or fludarabine/thiotepa/melphalan (FTM) 110 mg/m2. We included 1272 adult patients (FluMel, n = 1002; FBM/FTM, n = 270) with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with intermediate/poor cytogenetic risk in first complete remission (CR) from the registry of the EBMT Acute Leukemia Working Party. Despite patients in the FBM/FTM group were older (64.1 years vs. 59.8 years, p < 0.001) and had a worse Karnofsky performance score (KPS < 90, 33% vs. 24%, p = 0.003), they showed a better overall survival (OS) (2 y OS: 68.3% vs. 58.1%, p = 0.02) and less non-relapse mortality (NRM) (2 y NRM: 15.8% vs. 22.2%, p = 0.009) compared to patients treated with FluMel. No significant differences were observed in relapse incidence (RI) (2 y RI: 24.9% vs. 23.7%, p = 0.62). In conclusion, the addition of a second alkylating agent (BCNU/carmustine or thiotepa) to FluMel as FBM/FTM conditioning, improves OS in AML patients in first CR with intermediate/poor risk cytogenetics after allo-HCT.
IGF2 prevents dopaminergic neuronal loss and decreases intracellular alpha-synuclein accumulation in Parkinson’s disease models
Authors: Arcos Javiera , Grunenwald Felipe , Sepulveda Denisse , Jerez Carolina , Urbina Valentina , Huerta Tomas , Troncoso-Escudero Paulina , Tirado Daniel , Perez Angela , Diaz-Espinoza Rodrigo , Nova Esteban , Kubitscheck Ulrich , Rodriguez-Gatica Juan Eduardo , Hetz Claudio , Toledo Jorge , Ahumada Pablo , Rojas-Rivera Diego , Martín-Montañez Elisa , Garcia-Fernandez María , Vidal René L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common late-onset neurodegenerative disease and the predominant cause of movement problems. PD is characterized by motor control impairment by extensive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). This selective dopaminergic neuronal loss is in part triggered by intracellular protein inclusions called Lewy bodies, which are composed mainly of misfolded alpha-synuclein (α-syn) protein. We previously reported insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) as a key protein downregulated in PD patients. Here we demonstrated that IGF2 treatment or IGF2 overexpression reduced the α-syn aggregates and their toxicity by IGF2 receptor (IGF2R) activation in cellular PD models. Also, we observed IGF2 and its interaction with IGF2R enhance the α-syn secretion. To determine the possible IGF2 neuroprotective effect in vivo we used a gene therapy approach in an idiopathic PD model based on α-syn preformed fibrils intracerebral injection. IGF2 gene therapy revealed a significantly preventing of motor impairment in idiopathic PD model. Moreover, IGF2 expression prevents dopaminergic neuronal loss in the SN together with a decrease in α-syn accumulation (phospho-α-syn levels) in the striatum and SN brain region. Furthermore, the IGF2 neuroprotective effect was associated with the prevention of synaptic spines loss in dopaminergic neurons in vivo. The possible mechanism of IGF2 in cell survival effect could be associated with the decrease of the intracellular accumulation of α-syn and the improvement of dopaminergic synaptic function. Our results identify to IGF2 as a relevant factor for the prevention of α-syn toxicity in both in vitro and preclinical PD models.
Longitudinal development of category representations in ventral temporal cortex predicts word and face recognition
Authors: Nordt Marisa , Gomez Jesse , Natu Vaidehi S. , Rezai Alex A. , Finzi Dawn , Kular Holly , Grill-Spector Kalanit 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRegions in ventral temporal cortex that are involved in visual recognition of categories like words and faces undergo differential development during childhood. However, categories are also represented in distributed responses across high-level visual cortex. How distributed category representations develop and if this development relates to behavioral changes in recognition remains largely unknown. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to longitudinally measure the development of distributed responses across ventral temporal cortex to 10 categories in school-age children over several years. Our results reveal both strengthening and weakening of category representations with age, which was mainly driven by changes across category-selective voxels. Representations became particularly more distinct for words in the left hemisphere and for faces bilaterally. Critically, distinctiveness for words and faces across category-selective voxels in left and right lateral ventral temporal cortex, respectively, predicted individual children’s word and face recognition performance. These results suggest that the development of distributed representations in ventral temporal cortex has behavioral ramifications and advance our understanding of prolonged cortical development during childhood.
JUN upregulation drives aberrant transposable element mobilization, associated innate immune response, and impaired neurogenesis in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Scopa Chiara , Barnada Samantha M. , Cicardi Maria E. , Singer Mo , Trotti Davide , Trizzino Marco 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAdult neurogenic decline, inflammation, and neurodegeneration are phenotypic hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Mobilization of transposable elements (TEs) in heterochromatic regions was recently reported in AD, but the underlying mechanisms are still underappreciated. Combining functional genomics with the differentiation of familial and sporadic AD patient derived-iPSCs into hippocampal progenitors, CA3 neurons, and cerebral organoids, we found that the upregulation of the AP-1 subunit, c-Jun, triggers decondensation of genomic regions containing TEs. This leads to the cytoplasmic accumulation of HERVK-derived RNA-DNA hybrids, the activation of the cGAS-STING cascade, and increased levels of cleaved caspase-3, suggesting the initiation of programmed cell death in AD progenitors and neurons. Notably, inhibiting c-Jun effectively blocks all these downstream molecular processes and rescues neuronal death and the impaired neurogenesis phenotype in AD progenitors. Our findings open new avenues for identifying therapeutic strategies and biomarkers to counteract disease progression and diagnose AD in the early, pre-symptomatic stages.
Clonal heterogeneity in ER+ breast cancer reveals the proteasome and PKC as potential therapeutic targets
Authors: Beumers Lukas , Vlachavas Efstathios-Iason , Borgoni Simone , Schwarzmüller Luisa , Penso-Dolfin Luca , Michels Birgitta E. , Sofyali Emre , Burmester Sara , Heiss Daniela , Wilhelm Heike , Yarden Yosef , Helm Dominic , Will Rainer , Goncalves Angela , Wiemann Stefan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntratumoral heterogeneity impacts the success or failure of anti-cancer therapies. Here, we investigated the evolution and mechanistic heterogeneity in clonal populations of cell models for estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. To this end, we established barcoded models of luminal breast cancer and rendered them resistant to commonly applied first line endocrine therapies. By isolating single clones from the resistant cell pools and characterizing replicates of individual clones we observed inter- (between cell lines) and intra-tumor (between different clones from the same cell line) heterogeneity. Molecular characterization at RNA and phospho-proteomic levels revealed private clonal activation of the unfolded protein response and respective sensitivity to inhibition of the proteasome, and potentially shared sensitivities for repression of protein kinase C. Our in vitro findings are consistent with tumor-heterogeneity that is observed in breast cancer patients thus highlighting the need to uncover heterogeneity at an individual patient level and to adjust therapies accordingly.
A meta-analysis identifies factors predicting the future development of freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Herman Talia , Barer Yael , Bitan Michal , Sobol Shani , Giladi Nir , Hausdorff Jeffrey M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFreezing of gait (FOG) is a debilitating problem that is common among many, but not all, people with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Numerous attempts have been made at treating FOG to reduce its negative impact on fall risk, functional independence, and health-related quality of life. However, optimal treatment remains elusive. Observational studies have recently investigated factors that differ among patients with PD who later develop FOG, compared to those who do not. With prediction and prevention in mind, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of publications through 31.12.2022 to identify risk factors. Studies were included if they used a cohort design, included patients with PD without FOG at baseline, data on possible FOG predictors were measured at baseline, and incident FOG was assessed at follow-up. 1068 original papers were identified, 38 met a-priori criteria, and 35 studies were included in the meta-analysis (n = 8973; mean follow-up: 4.1 ± 2.7 years). Factors significantly associated with a risk of incident FOG included: higher age at onset of PD, greater severity of motor symptoms, depression, anxiety, poorer cognitive status, and use of levodopa and COMT inhibitors. Most results were robust in four subgroup analyses. These findings indicate that changes associated with FOG incidence can be detected in a subset of patients with PD, sometimes as long as 12 years before FOG manifests, supporting the possibility of predicting FOG incidence. Intriguingly, some of these factors may be modifiable, suggesting that steps can be taken to lower the risk and possibly even prevent the future development of FOG.
The relationship of school performance with self-control and grit is strongly genetic and weakly causal
Authors: Kevenaar Sofieke T. , van Bergen Elsje , Oldehinkel Albertine J. , Boomsma Dorret I. , Dolan Conor V. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe non-cognitive skills self-control and grit are often considered predictors of school performance, but whether this relationship is causal remains unclear. We investigated the causality of this association using a twin design. Specifically, we evaluated the direct impact of self-control and grit on school performance, while controlling for genetic or environmental influences common to all three traits (i.e., confounding). Teachers of 4891 Dutch 12-year-old twin pairs (of which 3837 were complete pairs) completed a survey about school performance (school grades), self-control (ASEBA self-control scale), and the perseverance aspect of grit. Our analysis aimed to determine the direct impact of self-control and grit on school performance, while simultaneously controlling for genetic or environmental confounding. Establishing the regression relationship corrected for confounding supports the interpretation of the regression relationship as causal. In all analyses, we corrected for sex, rater bias of the teachers, and parental socioeconomic status. Initially, in the standard regression, self-control, and grit explained 28.4% of the school performance variance. However, allowing for genetic confounding (due to genetic pleiotropy) revealed that most of this association could be attributed to genetic influences that the three traits share. In the presence of genetic pleiotropy, the phenotypic regression of school performance on self-control and grit accounted for only 4.4% (i.e., the effect size association with the causal hypothesis). In conclusion, self-control and grit predict school performance primarily due to genetic pleiotropy, with a much smaller causal effect (R2 = 4.4%). This suggests that interventions targeting self-control and grit alone may yield limited improvements in school performance.