bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modification of natural clinoptilolite zeolite to enhance its hydrogen adsorption capacity
Authors: Akyalcin Sema , Akyalcin Levent , Ertugrul Ecem 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this study, natural clinoptilolite was treated with HCl, HNO3, and C2H2O4 at various concentrations (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 M) at different temperatures (60, 70, and 80 °C) and treatment times (2, 3, and 4 h). The hydrogen adsorption capacity of natural clinoptilolite increased from 0.446 to 3.255 mmol/g after treating with 0.5 M HNO3 at 80 °C for 2 h. The correlation of the newly produced textural and structural properties with hydrogen adsorption ability is explained by characterizing the modified clinoptilolites using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms, and temperature programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD) measurements. The results show that the hydrogen adsorption capacity of modified clinoptilolites is associated with both the quantity and strength of the strong acid sites, in addition to the enhanced surface area and micropore volume. The hydrogen adsorption data for natural and acid-treated clinoptilolite samples at 77 K obeyed the Freundlich isotherm model.
Comparison of Histological Skin Changes After Massive Weight Loss in Post-bariatric and Non-bariatric Patients
Authors: Hany Mohamed , Zidan Ahmed , Ghozlan Nasser A. , Ghozlan Mohamed N. , Abouelnasr Anwar Ashraf , Sheta Eman , Hamed Yasser , Kholosy Hassan , Soffar Mohammed , Midany Walid M. El , Torensma Bart 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Changes in the skin structure, including the collagen and elastin content, have been reported with massive weight loss (MWL) following bariatric metabolic surgery (BMS) and have been correlated to a higher risk of complications after body-contouring surgery (BCS). This study aimed at comparing the histological characteristics of the skin of patients having surgical MWL (SMWL) post-BMS to those with non-surgical massive weight loss (NSMWL).

Methods
This prospective study compared the epidermal thickness, and collagen and elastin fibers content in 80 skin biopsies obtained from BCS procedures performed to patients who experienced MWL defined more than 50% of excess weight loss (%EWL) either SMWL (40 biopsies) or NSMWL (40 biopsies). Twenty biopsies in each group were obtained from abdominoplasties and 20 from breast reductions. Epidermal thickness was measured in H&E-stained sections, collagen fibers were assessed using Masson trichrome-stained sections, and elastin fibers were assessed using Modified Verhoeff’s stained sections. Image analysis software was used to calculate the fractions of collagen and elastin fibers.

Results
This study included 77 patients, 38 SMWL patients, and 39 NSMWL patients. The SMWL group had a significantly higher age (p < 0.001), a longer time interval from intervention (p < 0.001), higher initial weight (p < 0.001), higher initial BMI (p < 0.001), lower current weight (p = 0.005), lower current BMI (p < 0.001), and significantly higher %EWL than NSMWL group (p < 0.001). No significant differences were detected between the two groups regarding complications after abdominoplasty (p = 1.000). The elastic fibers content in the dermis was significantly higher in the abdominal region of the NSMWL group than SMWL (p = 0.029). All other parameters showed non-significant differences between NSMWL and SMWL in the skin of abdomen and breast.

Conclusion
The SMWL group had a significant reduction in elastic fiber content in the skin of the abdomen compared to the NSMWL group. The collagen content was equally reduced in both groups with non-significant differences in both breast and abdomen regions in both groups.

Graphical Abstract
Trajectory Data-Driven Network Representation for Traffic State Prediction using Deep Learning
Authors: Yasuda Shohei , Katayama Hiroki , Nakanishi Wataru , Iryo Takamasa 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this study, we propose a trajectory data-driven network representation method, specifically leveraging directional statistics. This approach allows us to extract major intersections and define links from observed trajectories, thereby mitigating the reliance on existing network data and map matching. We apply Graph Convolutional Networks and Long-Short Term Memory models to the trajectory data-driven network representation, suggesting the potential for fast and accurate traffic state prediction. The results imply significant reduction in computational complexity while demonstrating promising prediction accuracy. Our proposed method offers a valuable approach for analyzing and modeling transportation networks using real-world trajectory data, providing insights into traffic patterns and facilitating the exploration of more efficient traffic management strategies.
A Review of Racial and Ethnic Differences in Sleep-memory Associations and the Potential Contributions of Social Determinants of Sleep
Authors: Hokett Emily , Duarte Audrey 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
We highlight evidence within the last 5 years of racial and ethnic differences in sleep-memory associations and explore potential causes and treatments of poor sleep in minoritized racial and ethnic groups.

Recent Findings
Emerging research suggests that memory performance in Black adults may be more sensitive to sleep quality than in White adults. Sleep quality and sleep duration are also associated with memory performance in other minoritized racial and ethnic groups, including Asian and Hispanic adults. However, comparisons between groups are scarce.

Summary
Poor sleep is associated with poor memory outcomes in minoritized racial and ethnic groups. Social determinants of health, including racism-related stress, discrimination, and neighborhood conditions, may contribute to these associations. More experimental and epidemiology research is needed to fully understand the relationship between sleep and memory performance in minoritized racial and ethnic groups. We conclude with suggested future directions for sleep and memory research.
Experimental investigation of rubberized concrete slab-on-grade containing tire-recycled steel fibers
Authors: Tahwia Ahmed M. , Noshi Amr , Abdellatief Mohamed , Matthana Mohamed H. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe current study investigates the role of recycled steel fiber (RSF) and crumb rubber (CR) in the fracture behavior of rubberized reinforced concrete (RRC) slab-on-grade in terms of load–deflection responses, crack patterns, failure loads, deflection values, and toughness. RRC slab-on-grade measuring 1000 m × 1000 mm with a thickness of 60 mm were tested experimentally, and the soil was simulated with a steel model. The main parameters were the incorporation of CR as fine aggregate (i.e., 0%, 10%, and 20%) in the presence of RSF (0 and 0.5% by vol). The findings showed that a significant increase in the initial crack load of RRC slabs as compared to the reference slab, as well as slabs incorporated with high volumes of CR, showed favorable findings in post-cracking capacity and toughness compared to the reference slab. The incorporation of CR with 05% RSF can enhance the failure cracking load of concrete slabs by 12.79% (10%) and 20.97% (20%) at the center of the slab. The reference slab-on-grade failure load reached 43.0 kN, while the failure loads for the slabs containing 10% and 20% CR were 43.0 kN and 38.70 kN, respectively, without the addition of RSF. It was noticed that the slab deflection increased by 12.28% and 20.13%, respectively, compared to the reference slab. Finally, the slabs incorporating 0.5% RSF and 20% CR achieved a maximum failure load of 52.03 kN, which was attained because of additional microcracks forming closer to the loaded region, which enhanced the ductility of the slab-on-grade. Hence, the RSF and CR can be used to produce sustainable slab-on-grade with enhanced ductility, leading to a reduced overall cost and saving natural resources.
Modeling disinformation networks on Twitter: structure, behavior, and impact
Authors: Muñoz Pau , Díez Fernando , Bellogín Alejandro 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe influence and pervasiveness of misinformation on social media platforms such as Twitter have been well-documented in recent years. These platforms’ real-time, rapid-fire nature and the personalized, echo-chamber-like environments they foster, often inadvertently, assist in misinformation amplification. To better understand this situation and how to encourage safer and broader narratives, this paper presents a comparative study of the activity of 275 Twitter accounts tagged as disinformation sources and 275 accounts tagged as legitimate journalists over a 3.5-year period in the Spanish context. By employing various modeling techniques, we investigate the structural differences and behavioral patterns between the two groups. Our findings demonstrate that disinformation accounts exhibit a coordinated behavior, among other distinct characteristics, leading to more efficient (dis)information propagation. The implications of these findings for understanding the dynamics of disinformation networks and combating their impact are discussed.
Preparation of biochar adsorption material from walnut shell by supercritical CO2 pretreatment
Authors: Zhuang Zitong , Liu Yanbing , Wei Wenwen , Shi Jinwen , Jin Hui 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn order to treat dyes in the wastewater of the printing industry and to reutilize walnut shell (WS) waste generate economic benefits, supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) pretreatment technology was developed to prepare porous biochar as a precursor for adsorption material. Orthogonal experiments were conducted at the temperatures of 200, 300, and 400 ℃ with durations of 20, 40, and 60 min, and a control group was set up using N2 pretreatment. Then, KOH activation was employed to prepare biochar adsorption material. The biochars were analyzed and characterized using TGA, BET, SEM, FT-IR, and XRD, and the liquid and gas phase products of the pretreatment process were analyzed semi-quantitatively and quantitatively using GC–MS and gas chromatography. Methylene blue (MB) dye was selected as an indicator to measure the adsorption capacity of biochar, and adsorption kinetics were analyzed based on the data. The results indicate that pretreatment with SC-CO2 effectively enhanced the performance and yield of the activated carbon. The highest specific surface area increased by 18%, and the maximum adsorption of MB increased by 23% compared to the N2 control group. The yield increased by 8–262% and the specific surface area increased by 50–192% compared to the direct activation of walnut shell (WS). During the pretreatment processes for the preparation of biochar adsorption material with the best specific surface area, phenol-enriched bio-oil was produced as a by-product which has economic value.
Graphical Abstract
HÄPPI – Konzeption eines Modells für die ambulante Versorgung in Deutschland
Authors: Schwill Simon , Meißner Anika , Mink Johanna , Bublitz Susanne , Altiner Attila , Buhlinger-Göpfarth Nicola 
Published: January 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Primärversorgung könnte bei steigendem Versorgungsdruck durch Integration weiterer Berufsgruppen aufrechterhalten und ausgeweitet werden. Dabei müssen die hausärztliche Versorgung und Grundprinzipien der Allgemeinmedizin berücksichtigt werden.

Zielsetzung
Ziel war es, unter Einbindung vielfältiger Perspektiven ein Modell für ein hausärztliches Primärversorgungszentrum mit einem interprofessionellen Team (HÄPPI) zu entwickeln.

Material und Methoden (Prozess)
Eine multiprofessionelle Arbeitsgruppe im Hausärzteverband Baden-Württemberg entwickelte ab 2022 in insgesamt 9 Workshops das HÄPPI. Anfang 2023 wurden 9 Interviews (45–60 min) mit Expert*innen aus 8 unterschiedlichen Versorgungsbereichen (medizinische*r Fachangestellte*r, Hausärzt*in, Krankenkassenmitarbeiter*in, Jurist*in, Fachärzt*in, Physician Assistant, Pflegefachkraft, Sozialarbeiter*in) durchgeführt, um Hypothesen für eine gelungene interprofessionelle Zusammenarbeit zu generieren.

Ergebnisse
Die Expert*innen benannten als Chancen u. a. eine erweiterte und patientenzentrierte Versorgung, ein verbessertes Versorgungsmanagement chronisch kranker Menschen und den Ausbau des Versorgungsangebots. Als Herausforderungen wurden Dokumentation und Teamzusammenarbeit sowie externe Rahmenbedingungen benannt. Als Lösungsansätze wurden z. B. eine einheitliche Dokumentation und ein regelmäßiger, teamorientierter Austausch vorgeschlagen. Unter Berücksichtigung dieser Ergebnisse wurden in der Arbeitsgruppe Ziele des HÄPPI formuliert und das HÄPPI-Konzept in einer Kurz- und einer Langversion entwickelt.

Diskussion
Durch einen semistrukturierten Prozess war es möglich, ein konkretes und realistisches Modell für eine zukunftsorientierte Primärversorgung in Deutschland zu formulieren, das schrittweise implementiert werden kann. HÄ müssen bei den Herausforderungen im Prozessmanagement unterstützt und andere Gesundheitsberufe für das HÄPPI gewonnen werden.
Armed conflict and household water sources
Authors: Naufal George , Malcolm Michael , Diwakar Vidya 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAccess to safe drinking water is among the most important determinants of public health outcomes. We pair household-level data from Iraq together with data on armed conflict and adopt a generalized difference-in-differences approach to study the relationship between household drinking water sources and armed conflict intensity. We find that households located in conflict-affected areas are more likely to use piped water accessed at their homes or bottled water as their primary source of drinking water, but are less likely to use public water sources or tanked water delivered on trucks and carts. We explore the temporal dynamics of these adjustments as well as heterogeneity by household characteristics. We further present direct evidence that conflict-exposed households are less likely to travel to obtain water.
Constructing the Viking and Laval cases as a major defeat for social Europe: a contextual and processual analysis
Authors: Louis Julien 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis Article brings new perspectives on the well-known Viking and Laval cases, decided by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in December 2007, by studying the processes and modalities of the construction of this case law as a major defeat for social Europe. It demonstrates that the political and legal implications of these two rulings were socially constructed by a variety of European actors (especially trade unionists and academics specialising in labour law) rather than legally inscribed in the rulings. In doing so, the author defends a constructivist approach in the analysis of European case law, both contextual and processual. The Article is divided into two parts. The first retraces the pre-ruling construction of the Viking and Laval cases, and shows that trade union and academic actors as well as parliamentarians worked to construct the judgements on these cases as decisive landmarks for social Europe. The second part considers the process of interpretation of the rulings after they were delivered by the CJEU. It evidences the central role played by trade union and academic actors in promoting a critical reading of the rulings, arguing that the Court subordinated social rights to economic liberties. The Article concludes by showing that this interpretation has tended to become subject to consensus, to the extent that it is now European common sense.
The “New Woman” in the Periodical Press: Portraying Usefulness at St. Stephen’s Girls’ College in Hong Kong, 1921-1941
Authors: Wang Stella Meng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper uses the writings of European teachers and Chinese students at St. Stephen’s Girls’ College in Hong Kong—published in English periodicals of its school magazine and local English newspapers—to examine how the school tactically positioned itself as an educational site for the “useful women of China” during a period in Republican China that was simultaneously defined as a time of “cosmopolitan modernity” and “national rebuilding.” St. Stephen’s brand of usefulness responded to the “New Woman” phenomenon in Republican China, and it was defined through the narrative of science learning and a sense of service. Through its progressive science curriculum and social service branch, the school helped prepare a class of “career women” for China. It was in educating this class that St. Stephen’s, in resonance with the colonial state, envisioned its role in the shaping of modern China.
Christ: A Religious Priest? A Thomistic Approach
Authors: Day Damian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe nature and value of the religious priesthood have often been questioned, including after Vatican II. John Paul II, however, claims that the religious priest ‘reproduces in his life the fullness of the mystery of Christ’. Examining Aquinas’s understanding of Christ’s total self-sacrifice provides a model that explains how. In this article, I present a Christological and Thomistic approach to the question by identifying Christ as a religious priest, highlighting one of Aquinas’s patristic sources (St Gregory the Great) and one of his greatest spiritual interpreters of modern times (Bl Columba Marmion). Because of his grace of headship, Christ contains all the perfections found in his members. The perfection of Christ’s priestly and religious life consists in his total sacrifice of himself to the Father out of love. Christ firmly fixed his will to offer himself from the moment of the Incarnation. By vowing to follow the counsels, religious priests imitate the fixity of Christ’s will to offer himself as a total self-holocaust. This conclusion allows me to propose that Christ is the religious priest, which has several theological and pastoral implications.
Is peace a human phenomenon?
Authors: Robinson Elva J. H. , Rodrigues António M. M. , Barker Jessica L. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Peace is a hallmark of human societies. However, certain ant species engage in long-term intergroup resource sharing, which is remarkably similar to peace among human groups. We discuss how individual and group payoff distributions are affected by kinship, dispersal, and age structure; the challenges of diagnosing peace; and the benefits of comparing convergent complex behaviours in disparate taxa.
Global dynamics and spatiotemporal heterogeneity of a preytaxis model with prey-induced acceleration
Authors: Mu Chunlai , Tao Weirun , Wang Zhi-An 
Published: January 2024

AbstractConventional preytaxis systems assume that prey-tactic velocity is proportional to the prey density gradient. However, many experiments exploring the predator–prey interactions show that it is the predator’s acceleration instead of velocity that is proportional to the prey density gradient in the prey-tactic movement, which we call preytaxis with prey-induced acceleration. Mathematical models of preytaxis with prey-induced acceleration were proposed by Arditi et al. ((2001) Theor. Popul. Biol. 59(3), 207–221) and Sapoukhina et al. ((2003) Am. Nat. 162(1), 61–76) to interpret the spatial heterogeneity of predators and prey observed in experiments. This paper is devoted to exploring the qualitative behaviour of such preytaxis systems with prey-induced acceleration and establishing the global existence of classical solutions with uniform-in-time bounds in all spatial dimensions. Moreover, we prove the global stability of spatially homogeneous prey-only and coexistence steady states with decay rates under certain conditions on system parameters. For the parameters outside the stability regime, we perform linear stability analysis to find the possible patterning regimes and use numerical simulations to demonstrate that spatially inhomogeneous time-periodic patterns will typically arise from the preytaxis system with prey-induced acceleration. Noticing that conventional preytaxis systems are unable to produce spatial patterns, our results imply that the preytaxis with prey-induced acceleration is indeed more appropriate than conventional preytaxis to interpret the spatial heterogeneity resulting from predator–prey interactions.
Sparcl: A language for partially invertible computation
Authors: MATSUDA KAZUTAKA , WANG MENG 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Invertibility is a fundamental concept in computer science, with various manifestations in software development (serializer/deserializer, parser/printer, redo/undo, compressor/decompressor, and so on). Full invertibility necessarily requires bijectivity, but the direct approach of composing bijective functions to develop invertible programs is too restrictive to be useful. In this paper, we take a different approach by focusing on partially invertible functions—functions that become invertible if some of their arguments are fixed. The simplest example of such is addition, which becomes invertible when fixing one of the operands. More involved examples include entropy-based compression methods (e.g., Huffman coding), which carry the occurrence frequency of input symbols (in certain formats such as Huffman tree), and fixing this frequency information makes the compression methods invertible.
We develop a language Sparcl for programming such functions in a natural way, where partial invertibility is the norm and bijectivity is a special case, hence gaining significant expressiveness without compromising correctness. The challenge in designing such a language is to allow ordinary programming (the “partially” part) to interact with the invertible part freely, and yet guarantee invertibility by construction. The language Sparcl is linear-typed and has a type constructor to distinguish data that are subject to invertible computation and those that are not. We present the syntax, type system, and semantics of the language and prove that Sparcl correctly guarantees invertibility for its programs. We demonstrate the expressiveness of Sparcl with examples including tree rebuilding from preorder and inorder traversals, Huffman coding, arithmetic coding, and LZ77 compression.
Role-Play Simulations for Decision Making in Contexts of Uncertainty: Challenges and Strategies When Engaging Elites as Participants
Authors: Alejandro Audrey , Maertens Lucile , Cheli Zoé , Fragnière Augustin 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTThis study explores the application of role-play simulations (RPS) in addressing complex challenges (e.g., the climate crisis) beyond traditional educational settings. Drawing from pilot simulations involving 12 scientific experts and 12 policy makers, the article identifies three key challenges in conducting RPS with elite participants and provides practical strategies for overcoming them. Namely, the article emphasizes the importance of adapting the scenarios to sociopolitical contexts, choosing an ethical recruiting method to ensure inclusivity, and managing group diversity while maintaining a balance between the playfulness and the seriousness of the simulation. Overall, our study underscores the potential of RPS to foster dialogue between scientific and political actors and provides practical guidance for their effective use.