bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Международное право и коммерческое суррогатное материнство: запрещать или разрешать
Authors: Сейдинова М.А. 
Published: October 2023

Интенсивное развитие международных коммерческих соглашений о суррогатном материнстве создало серьезные этические и юридические дилеммы в отношении гражданства детей, рожденных суррогатными матерями, и отцовства детей, зачатых в соответствии с условиями коммерческого суррогатного материнства, а также возникновением проблемы потенциальной эксплуатации суррогатных матерей. В статье эти проблемы рассмотрены через призму международного права в области прав человека, чтобы выявить, следует ли государству применять запретительный или разрешительный подход в отношении этой практики. Автор статьи определяет коммерческое суррогатное материнство как практику или договоренность, согласно которой предполагаемый родитель (родители) выплачивает суррогатной матери прямо или через посредника финансовое вознаграждение сверх фактических личных расходов, понесенных суррогатной матерью. Утверждается, что право на неприкосновенность частной жизни является достаточно широким, чтобы охватывать право на заключение соглашения о суррогатном материнстве. Однако государства могут ограничить это право, если это необходимо для защиты прав других лиц и/или защиты общественной морали. В этом контексте коммерческое суррогатное материнство проблематично по нескольким причинам. Во-первых, имеются веские основания полагать, что это равносильно продаже ребенка. Во-вторых, есть доводы, что коммерческое суррогатное материнство неприемлемо с моральной точки зрения, поскольку усиливает гендерное неравенство. Сложно обеспечить достаточную защиту от потенциальной эксплуатации суррогатных матерей (особенно в развивающихся странах, где женщины часто соглашаются на коммерческое суррогатное материнство по причине бедности). Если любой из этих аргументов будет принят, то в рамках международного права можно требовать от государств запретить коммерческое суррогатное материнство. Более того, даже если эти аргументы останутся спорными, они все же могут полагаться на эти аргументы для оправдания запрета коммерческого суррогатного материнства. Этот вывод имеет серьезные последствия для любого потенциального многостороннего договора, регулирующего международное коммерческое суррогатное материнство, если только он не запрещает эту практику, и в этом случае его полезность будет ограничена, учитывая практически отсутствие спроса на международное альтруистическое суррогатное материнство.
The Unit Acquisition Number of Binomial Random Graphs
Authors: Georgiou Konstantinos , Kundu Somnath , Prałat Paweł 
Published: October 2023

<p>Let <em>G</em> be a graph in which each vertex initially has weight 1. In each step, the unit weight from a vertex <em>u </em>to a neighbouring vertex <em>v</em> can be moved, provided that the weight on <em>v</em> is at least as large as the weight on <em>u</em>. The unit acquisition number of <em>G</em>, denoted by <em>a</em><sub><em>u</em></sub><em>(G)</em>, is the minimum cardinality of the set of vertices with positive weight at the end of the process (over all acquisition protocols). In this paper, we investigate the Erdõs-Rényi random graph process (<em>G(n,m)</em>)<sup><em>N</em></sup><em> </em><sub><em>m=0</em></sub>, where N =(<sup>n</sup> <sub>2</sub>).We show that asymptotically almost surely <em>a</em><sub><em>u</em></sub><em>(G)(n,m))</em> = 1 right at the time step the random graph process creates a connected graph. Since trivially <em>a</em><sub><em>u</em></sub><em>(G)(n,m))</em> ≥ 2 if the graphs is disconnected, the result holds in the strongest possible sense. </p>
Search-and-Fetch with 2 Robots on a Disk: Wireless and Face-to-Face Communication Models
Authors: Georgiou Konstantinos , Karakostas George , Kranakis Evangelos 
Published: October 2023

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<p>We initiate the study of a problem on searching and fetching, motivated by real-life surveillance and search-and-rescue operations where unmanned vehicles, e.g. drones, search for victims in areas of a disaster. In treasure-evacuation, we are interested in designing algorithms that minimize the time it takes for a treasure (a victim) to be discovered and brought (fetched) to the exit (shelter) by any of two robots (rescuers) which are performing in a distributed environment (the case of searching and fetching with 1 robot has been previously considered).The communication protocol between the robots is either wireless, where information is shared at any time, or face-to-face, where information can be shared only if the robots meet. For both models we obtain upper bounds for fetching the treasure to the exit. Our algorithms make explicit use of the distance between the treasure and the exit, which is assumed to be known in advance, showing this way how partial information of the unknown input can be beneficial. Our main technical contribution pertains to the face-to-face model. More specifically, we demonstrate how robots can exchange information without meeting, effectively achieving a highly efficient treasure-evacuation protocol which is minimally affected by the lack of distant communication. Finally, we complement our positive results above by providing a lower bound in the face-to-face model.</p>
Teknologi Single Drum Kiln untuk Produksi Biochar Limbah Tongkol Jagung di Desa Bangun Sari, Pesawaran
Authors: Hidayat Wahyu , Riniarti Melya , Diantari Rara , Talaumbanua Mareli , Suri Intan Fajar , Utami Mia Putri , Saputra Bagus , Alfaridzi Muhammad 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRAK Jagung (Zea mays) merupakan salah satu komoditas pertanian utama yang ditanam oleh para petani di Desa Bangun Sari, Pesawaran. Hasil dari budidaya tanaman jagung menghasilkan limbah biomassa berupa tongkol jagung yang jumlahnya cukup besar. Namun, sebagian besar dari limbah biomassa tongkol jagung ini belum dikelola dengan optimal di Desa Bangun Sari. Seiring waktu, limbah biomassa tongkol jagung ini hanya diabaikan dan dibakar, menyebabkan timbulnya isu lingkungan. Limbah biomassa tongkol jagung berpotensi untuk dikonversi menjadi biochar yang memiliki banyak manfaat termasuk sebagai bahan pembenah tanah (ameliorant). Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini menerapkan teknologi produksi biochar menggunakan single drum kiln karena mudah diaplikasikan dan biaya produksi relatif murah. Selain itu, petani juga didampingi dalam desain dan pengemasan produk biochar. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan dalam pengetahuan dan pemahaman peserta terkait produksi dan manfaat biochar. Produk biochar dikemas dalam dua bentuk yaitu yang sudah dihaluskan dan masih utuh. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini berkontribusi dalam memanfaatkan limbah biomassa jagung menjadi produk bernilai ekonomi dan lingkungan yang bermanfaat. Kata Kunci: Biochar, Limbah Tongkol Jagung, Single Drum Kiln ABSTRACT Corn (Zea mays) is one of the main agricultural commodities grown by farmers in Bangun Sari Village, Pesawaran. The corn plantation results in a significant amount of biomass waste in the form of corncobs. However, most of the corncob biomass waste has not been managed optimally in Bangun Sari Village. The corncob biomass waste is neglected and burned over time, causing environmental problems. Corncob biomass waste has the potential to be converted into biochar which has many benefits including as a soil amendment (ameliorant). This community service activity applies biochar production technology using a single drum kiln because it is easy to apply and production costs are relatively cheap. In addition, farmers are also assisted in the design and packaging of biochar products. The evaluation results showed a significant increase in participants' knowledge and understanding regarding the production and benefits of biochar. Biochar products are packaged in two forms, namely solid and powder forms. This community service activity contributes to utilizing corn biomass waste into useful economic and environmentally valuable products. Keywords : Biochar, Corncobs Waste, Single Drum Kiln
Penyuluhan tentang Penggunaan Alat Pelindung Diri dan Risiko Ergonomi Pada Pekerja CV. Victorina Kabupaten Minahasa Sulawesi Utara
Authors: Suarjana I Wayan Gede , Mamuaja Prycilia Pingkan , Salam Ilham 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRAK Industri manufaktur memiliki peran sentral dalam memproduksi berbagai produk sehari-hari, tetapi juga memiliki risiko tinggi terhadap kecelakaan dan cedera kerja, seperti yang dialami oleh perusahaan CV Victorina yang bergerak dalam berbagai jenis produksi. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian ini untuk meningkatkan tingkat kepatuhan pekerja dalam menggunakan alat pelindung diri (APD) yang sesuai, seperti helm, sarung tangan, masker pelindung, dan sepatu keselamatan dan meningkatkan pemahaman pekerja tentang praktik ergonomi yang benar saat bekerja. Ini termasuk penyesuaian postur kerja, teknik pengangkatan yang benar, dan pencegahan cedera yang terkait dengan ergonomi. Metode yang digunakan adalah berupa penyuluhan kesehatan kerja dengan metode ceramah, tanya jawab dan diskusi aktif. Peserta yang terlibat sebanyak 10 orang pekerja di CV. Victorina Kabupaten Minahasa Sulawesi Utara. Sebelum pelaksanaan penyuluhan diberikan pre-test terlebih dahulu untuk mengetahui sejauh mana pengetahuan pekerja tentang penggunaan alat pelindung diri dan bahaya ergonomi, setelah itu pemberian materi dan tanya jawab, serta diakhiri dengan pemberian post test untuk menilai keberhasilan dari penyuluhan ini. Dalam pengabdian ini, hasil yang dicapai ada perubahan pengetahuan tentang penggunaan alat pelindung diri dan bahaya ergonomi dibuktikan dengan hasil pre dan post test ada peningkatan. Kata Kunci: Penyuluhan, Alat Pelindung Diri, Risiko Ergonomi, Industri ABSTRACT The manufacturing industry has a central role in producing a variety of everyday products, but it also has a high risk of occupational accidents and injuries, as experienced by the CV. Victorina company which is engaged in various types of production. The purpose of this service activity is to increase the level of worker compliance in using appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), such as helmets, gloves, protective masks, and safety shoes, and increase workers' understanding of correct ergonomic practices while working. This includes work posture adjustments, correct lifting techniques, and prevention of ergonomics-related injuries. The method used was occupational health counseling using lectures, questions and answers, and active discussion. The participants involved were 10 workers at CV Victorina, Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi. Before the implementation of counseling, a pre-test was given first to determine the extent of workers' knowledge about the use of personal protective equipment and ergonomic hazards, after which the material was given and asked questions and answers, and ended with a post-test to assess the success of this counseling. In this service, the results achieved are changes in knowledge about the use of personal protective equipment and ergonomic hazards as evidenced by the pre and post-test results. Keywords: Education, Personal Protective Equipment, Ergonomic Risks, Industry
Spiritual Therapy-Based Videos Combined with Lecture Methods to Increase Religiosity Among Older People Living in Nursing Homes
Authors: Patricia Helena , Apriyeni Emira , Rahayuningrum Dwi Christina 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT Among the stages of human development, aging is a natural phenomenon. Transferring elderly individuals to nursing homes is a crucial to protect and promote the health of the elderly residents because they lack family support. So, a spiritual meaning system is needed that can assist people in handling stressful situations. One way to assess spiritual health in older people is to measure their level of religiosity. A person's religiosity can be increased by doing spiritual therapy. Sabai Nan Aluih Sicincin Nursing Homes is one of the nursing homes in West Sumatra. One hundred ten older people live in orphanages with limited staff, especially health workers and therapy counsellors. Based on direct observations during the initial survey, it was found that there were several problems with older people feeling anxious, uneasy, often sad, lonely, empty of mind, and happy to be alone. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of religious therapy-based videos combined with lecture methods on increasing religiosity among older people in nursing homes. The performance of spiritual treatment using videos combined with the lecture method combines two main approaches in delivering psychotherapy: the audiovisual and direct lecture. The findings are increase in the average score on the religiosity scale when filling out the pretest and post-test questionnaires, namely 24.75 at the pretest, rising to 31.50 at the post-test. The activity went well, where older people could follow the event's direction well, and no participants left the place during the exercise. Therefore, it is hoped that nursing homes can learn techniques for implementing this therapy through video tutorials provided by the community service implementing team. Keywords: Spiritual Therapy, Videos Combine with Lecturer Methods, Religiosity, Older People, Nursing Homes.
Education on Hypertension Prevention in The Elderly
Authors: Prastiwi Firman , Fitriyani Noor , Budiman Amin Aji , Rahmad Muhamad Nur 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT Elderly people generally experience various kinds of changes that have an impact on the incidence of hypertension. Hypertension is still a disease that dominates the elderly and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, stroke and kidney failure. A more common cause related to hypertension is the lack of knowledge of the elderly themselves about hypertension. The aim of this community service is to provide education on preventing hypertension in the elderly. The community service theme was Education on Handling Hypertension in the Elderly which was held on December 23 2022 at the WCS Mental Revolution House and was attended by 32 elderly people. The activity was carried out by delivering hypertension prevention material using leaflets and powerpoints, followed by discussions and questions and answers. From the results of an assessment of elderly people's knowledge about treating hypertension before being given education (pretest), most of them were poor, 10 people (31.3%). After being given education using leaflets and power points (posttest), the level of knowledge of the elderly regarding hypertension management was mostly good, 18 people (56.3%). The results of the Marginal Homogeneity Test analysis obtained a value of 0.005, indicating that there is an influence of education on hypertension management on the knowledge of the elderly. Providing education using leaflets and powerpoint media can increase the knowledge of the elderly Keywords : Health Education, Hypertension, Elderly
Upaya Peningkatan Kemampuan Adekuasi Perawat Ruang Hemodialisa di Rumah Sakit Islam Jakarta Cempaka Putih
Authors: Aisyah Aisyah , Naryati Naryati , Widakdo Giri , Nuraenah Nuraenah , Fadhillah Harif , Waluyo Ineke Kusuma , Mahmudah Agniatul 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRAK Gagal ginjal kronik (GGK) merupakan gangguan fungsi ginjal yang progresif dan tidak dapat pulih kembali, dimana tubuh tidak mampu memelihara metabolisme dan gagal menjaga keseimbangan cairan dan elektolit yang mengakibatkan terjadinya peningkatan ureum (Desfrimadona, 2016). Berdasarkan data trimester awal 2023, angka rata-rata kejadian anemia pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronik yang menjalani hemodialisis di RS. Islam Jakarta Cempaka Putih, 163 pasien aktif dengan hemodialisis reguler, atau sebanyak 6-8 % mengalami anemia, dengan rata-rata nilai Hb<10 gram/dl, kelebihan cairan sebanyak 4-6 %, kurang dukungan keluarga 5-7% , dan karena biaya sebesar 5-10 %. Gambaran diatas menjelaskan bahwa pasien gagal ginjal kronik dengan hemodialisis di RSIJ Cempaka Putih , mengalami anemia renal dan kelebihan cairan masih cukup tinggi dan pencapaian adekuasi hemodialisis belum maksimal. Tujuan program kemitraan masyarakat (PKM) ini adalah umtuk meningkatkan kemampuan adekuasi perawat hemodialisa , sehingga dapat memberikan hasil yang maksimal pada tindakan hemodialisa yang dilakukan oleh pasien di Rumah Sakit Islam Jakarta Cempaka Putih. Metode yang akan diterapkan untuk mencapai tujuan/target program abdimas ini melalui pemberdayaan melalui pelatiahan adukasi perawat hemodialisis dengan narasumber yang kompeten dengan bidang tersebut. Adanya peningkatkan kemampuan adekuasi perawat hemodialisa. Terbentuknya tim adekuasi hemodialisa dan discharge planning. Kata Kunci: Hemodialisa, Manajemen Adekuasi ABSTRACT Chronic renal failure (CKD) is a progressive and irreversible disorder of kidney function, where the body is unable to maintain metabolism and fails to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance, resulting in an increase in urea (Desfrimadona, 2016). Based on data from the first trimester in 2023, the average incidence of anemia in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis in hospitals. Islam Jakarta Cempaka Putih, 163 active patients on regular hemodialysis, or as many as 6-8% have anemia, with an average Hb value <10 grams/dl, excess fluid of 4-6%, lack of family support 5-7%, and because the costs are 5-10%. The description above explains that patients with chronic renal failure on hemodialysis at RSIJ Cempaka Putih, experience renal anemia and fluid overload is still quite high and the achievement of hemodialysis adequacy is not yet optimal. The aim of this community partnership program (PKM) is to improve the adequacy capabilities of hemodialysis nurses, so that they can provide maximum results in hemodialysis procedures carried out by patients at the Jakarta Cempaka Putih Islamic Hospital. The method that will be applied to achieve the goals/targets of this community service program is through empowerment through hemodialysis nurse education training with resource persons who are competent in this field. Keywords: Hemodialysis, Adequacy Management
Pengaruh Edukasi Kesehatan Reproduksi terhadap Perilaku Seksual Remaja
Authors: Mahmud Dea Octaviani , Risdiana Rani 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT Reproductive health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not only free from disease or disability, but also in everything related to the reproductive system and its functions and processes. The purpose of conducting this study was to determine the effect of reproductive health education on sexual behavior in adolescents at Smk Bisnis Dan Tekonologi Bekasi. Data collection by distributing questionnaire sheets, this research design is descriptive with a cross sectional approach. Based on the results of Bivariate Analysis with paired T-test with a sample of 36 respondents (N = 36) data were obtained that T-Count (23.854) > T-table (0.462) and p-Value value (0.000) < alpha value (0.05) which means based on the hypothesis that Ha was accepted and Ho was rejected, it can be concluded that there are differences in respondents' sexual behavior before and after being given health education about the reproductive system carried out in SMK Bisnis dan Teknologi Bekasi in 2023. From the results of this study, it is hoped that all adolescents of SMK Bisnis dan Teknologi Bekasi can change behavior better and stay away from negative environments. ABSTRAK Kesehatan reproduksi adalah keadaan sejahtera fisik, mental dan sosial yang utuh dan bukan hanya bebas dari dari penyakit atau kecacatan, tetapi juga dalam segala hal yang berkaitan dengan sistem reproduksi serta fungsi dan prosesnya. Tujuan dalam melakukan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh edukasi kesehatan reproduksi terhadap perilaku seksual pada remaja di Smk Bisnis Dan Tekonologi Bekasi. Pengambilan data dengan menyebarkan lembar kuesioner, desain penelitian ini adalah deskriktif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Berdasarkan hasil Analisis Bivariat dengan paired T-test dengan jumlah sampel 36 responden (N=36) didapatkan data bahwa T-Hitung (23,854) > T-tabel (0,462) dan nilai p-Valuenya (0,000) < nilai alpha (0,05) yang berarti berdasarkan hipotesa bahwa Ha diterima dan Ho ditolak maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada perbedaan pada perilaku seksual responden sebelum dan sesudah diberikan pendidikan kesehatan tentang sistem reproduksi yang dilakukan di SMK Bisnis dan Teknologi Bekasi tahun 2023. Dari hasil penelitian ini, diharapkan bagi seluruh remaja SMK Bisnis dan Teknologi Bekasi untuk dapat merubah perilaku lebih baik dan menjauhi lingkungan yang negatif.
Perbandingan Skor Basil Tahan Asam Pewarnaan Ziehl Neelsen dan Ziehl Neelsen Bleach 2% Spesimen Sputum pada Penderita Tuberkulosis Paru di Rumah Sakit Santa Elisabeth Medan
Authors: Halawa Felisitas Putri Abadi , Bangun Seri Rayani , Taringan Rica Vera Br 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. One way to diagnose this disease is by microscopic examination using the Ziehl Neelsen method. Bleach is a decontaminant solution that can help reduce microscopic dirt and sterilize microscopic fields of view. This study aims to determine the comparison of Ziehl Neelsen staining acid fast bacilli scores and Ziehl Neelsen Bleach 2% sputum specimens in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. The design used is pre-experimental with 36 sputum samples taken. Data analysis is performed by bivariate analysis using the Wilcoxon test at value of 0.05. From this study, the results for Ziehl Neelsen staining are 30.6% negative, 11.1% scanty, 19.4% positive 1 (+1), 16.7% positive 2 (+2), 22.2% positive 3 (+3), while for Ziehl Neelsen staining Bleach 2% as much as 25% negative, 16.7% scanty, 19.4% positive 1 (+1), 16.7% positive 2 (+2), 22.2% positive 3 (+3). The results of bivariate analysis show a p value of 0.157 so it is concluded that there is no difference in the positivity rate of microscopic TB smear results between the addition of 2% bleach solution compared to ordinary Ziehl Neelsen staining. Keywords: Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Staining of Acid-Fast Bacilli (AFB), Ziehl-Neelsen, Bleach. ABSTRAK Tuberkulosis (TB) adalah penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Salah satu cara untuk mendiagnosis penyakit ini yaitu dengan pemeriksaan mikroskopis metode Ziehl-Neelsen. Bleach merupakan larutan dekontaminan yang dapat membantu mengurangi kotoran mikroskopis dan mensterilkan lapang pandang mikroskopis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan skor basil tahan asam pewarnaan Ziehl Neelsen dan Ziehl Neelsen Bleach 2% spesimen sputum pada penderita Tuberkulosis paru.Desain yang digunakan yaitu pre-eksperimen dengan 36 sampel sputum yang diambil dari pasien TB di Rumah Sakit Santa Elisabeth Medan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan analisis bivariat menggunakan uji Wilcoxon pada nilai α 0,05. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan hasil pada pewarnaan Ziehl Neelsen sebanyak 30.6% negatif, 11.1% scanty, 19.4% positif 1 (+1), 16.7% positif 2 (+2), 22.2% positif 3 (+3), sedangkan pada pewarnaan Ziehl Neelsen Bleach 2% sebanyak 25% negatif, 16.7% scanty, 19.4% positif 1 (+1), 16.7% positif 2 (+2), 22.2% positif 3 (+3). Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan nilai p 0.157 sehingga disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan tingkat kepositifan hasil BTA diagnostik mikroskopik TB antara penambahan larutan bleach 2% dibandingkan dengan pewarnaan BTA Ziehl Neelsen biasa. Kata kunci: Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Pewarnaan Basil Tahan Asam (BTA), Ziehl- Neelsen, Bleach.