bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Metrics for Classifying Phylogenetic Trees Using K-means and the Symmetric Difference Metric
Authors: Tahiri Nadia , Koshkarov Aleksandr 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe k-means method can be adapted to any type of metric space and is sometimes linked to the median procedures. This is the case for symmetric difference metric (or Robinson and Foulds) distance in phylogeny, where it can lead to median trees as well as to Euclidean Embedding. We show how a specific version of the popular k-means clustering algorithm, based on interesting properties of the Robinson and Foulds topological distance, can be used to partition a given set of trees into one (when the data is homogeneous) or several (when the data is heterogeneous) cluster(s) of trees. We have adapted the popular cluster validity indices of Silhouette, and Gap to tree clustering with k-means. In this article, we will show results of this new approach on a real dataset (aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases). The new version of phylogenetic tree clustering makes the new method well suited for the analysis of large genomic datasets.
Latent Block Regression Model
Authors: Boutalbi Rafika , Labiod Lazhar , Nadif Mohamed 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWhen dealing with high dimensional sparse data, such as in recommender systems,co-clusteringturnsouttobemorebeneficialthanone-sidedclustering,even if one is interested in clustering along one dimension only. Thereby, co-clusterwise is a natural extension of clusterwise. Unfortunately, all of the existing approaches do not consider covariates on both dimensions of a data matrix. In this paper, we propose a Latent Block Regression Model (LBRM) overcoming this limit. For inference, we propose an algorithm performing simultaneously co-clustering and regression where a linear regression model characterizes each block. Placing the estimate of the model parameters under the maximum likelihood approach, we derive a Variational Expectation–Maximization (VEM) algorithm for estimating the model’s parameters. The finality of the proposed VEM-LBRM is illustrated through simulated datasets.
Living with Nature Across Time, Space and Cultural Perspectives: Introduction
Authors: Olko Justyna , Radding Cynthia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe introductory chapter describes conceptual frameworks and methodological approaches employed in the book to address environmentally informed histories. It also provides an overview of the thematic contents of individual chapters that combine archaeological data, oral history, linguistic research as well as ritual life and different testimonies of agency of Native communities, connected by major questions and overarching themes of the book. We argue that these interrelated studies, grounded in a variety of theoretical tools and representing different but complementary positionalities, build a multi-angled and diachronic account of complex entanglements between Indigenous peoples and their natural and social environs. Taken together, they offer a vivid and critical dialogue between different time periods, geographic areas, disciplines and epistemologies, driven by a fruitful interaction between academic perspectives and Indigenous methodologies. Referring to the environment as nature worked upon by historical and modern communities in culturally sensitive and transformative ways, we embrace the concepts of territory and place linked to the sense of identity and belonging. The introductory essay also highlights the importance of cultural continuity nurtured through ancestral languages and anchored in dynamic relationships with the environment, natural resources and community knowledge.
Gender Disparities in Guaraní Knowledge, Literacy, and Fashion in the Ecological Borderlands of Colonial and Early Nineteenth-Century Paraguay
Authors: Ganson Barbara A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis essay analyzes the gender disparities in Guaraní education and literacy in the province of Paraguay during the colonial era through the mid-nineteenth century, based on original Guaraní texts and other archival sources, including school censuses and Guaraní schoolwork. The use of the Native language, in written and spoken forms, proved to be a contentious issue in Paraguay, reflecting the cultural resiliency of the Guaraní, the forces of cultural domination, and the relationship between education, literacy, and gender. Fashion is an element in this analysis as well, because the types of clothing worn reflected the Guaraníes’ changing sense of identity. While the Jesuits encouraged the study and use of the Guaraní language in the mission schools, Bourbon language reforms altered education in the missions in the mid-eighteenth century by the requirements of the colonial state to teach the Guaraní Spanish. Nonetheless, there was a degree of tolerance to the use of the Native language so that the Guaraní could understand their lessons. However, there was no formal education in Paraguay for women and girls until after 1856.
The Generational Gap and the Road to Well-Being: Language and Natural Environment in the Discourses of Indigenous Old and Young in Tlaxcala
Authors: Haimovich Gregory 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this paper, the attitudes of Indigenous people to the problems of language shift and ecological changes are examined through a lens of intergenerational gap. The area under study is the rural and historically Nahuatl-speaking communities of Tlaxcala that experienced urbanization as well as linguistic and cultural assimilation during the twentieth century. A disparity between the older and younger generations is an ordinary phenomenon in such context, but in this case, the interviews recorded with both young and elderly residents show that the gap is probably more perceived than real. In their discussions on well-being and a better future that they wish for themselves and their communities, the interviewees of different age groups raise the same or quite related themes, reflecting on what has been lost in comparison to the past and what benefits the modernity has brought. It appears that such aspects as fresh water resources, amount of trees, and speaking Nahuatl, which declined as a result of the industrialization, have value for the younger community members as well as for the elderly. These shared values still provide an opportunity for a dialog and transmission of knowledge between the two divided generations.
“¡Amo kitlapanas tetl!”: Heritage Language and the Defense Against Fracking in the Huasteca Potosina, Mexico
Authors: Dexter-Sobkowiak Elwira 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this chapter I explore the relationship between language and environment loss and the use of heritage languages in resistance related to the defense of natural resources. This link is shown by analyzing the case of Nahua and Tének communities of the Huasteca Potosina in northeastern Mexico, which between 2013 and 2018 were involved in a range of collective actions against the threat of fracking, a highly damaging method of gas and oil extraction. One particularly interesting aspect of these activities was the spontaneous use of the Indigenous languages Nahuatl and Tének in various anti-fracking activities. Against the backdrop of several centuries of gradual reduction of the vitality of the two languages, this new domain of their use is a surprising but very welcome development for language revitalization. Using insights from participant observation and interviews, I demonstrate that the motivation to use Indigenous languages was not only to facilitate communication, but also to strengthen the Indigenous regional identity as a tool for solidarity building and Indigenous resistance against damaging extraction projects. I also show that fracking is perceived as not only a threat to the environment but also to the native cultures of the region.
Explaining Gendered Vulnerability to Climate Change: The Contextual Conditions
Authors: Adeola Ogechi , Evans Olaniyi , Ngare Innocent 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUndoubtedly, addressing the danger of extreme weather events is a major global concern. Questions regarding gender norms and women’s involvement in combating climate change have surfaced in the light of the growing attention. Currently, there is not enough information on how gender differences manifest in climate change, especially in Africa. This chapter explores how men and women experience distinct vulnerabilities to climate change due to existing inequalities, including their social roles, access to resources, and power relations, which can limit their ability to adapt to climate change impacts. Understanding the linkages between gender and climate change is increasingly essential for developing effective climate change policies and taking urgent actions to tackle the impacts of climate change, and for promoting gender equality and social justice in the face of this global challenge. By recognising and addressing the gendered dimensions of climate change, Africa can work towards a more equitable and sustainable future for all.
African Indigenous Knowledge and Climate Change Mitigation: Towards an Afro-Sensed Perspective
Authors: Adeola Ogechi , Evans Olaniyi , Ngare Innocent 
Published: December 2023

AbstractClimate change is a widespread phenomenon characterised by a range of complex effects and, as a result, continues to generate considerable research interest. This chapter explores African indigenous knowledge as an alternative climate change mitigation approach. Specifically, local knowledge, perspectives, observations, and options of individuals affected by climate uncertainties are useful in gaining a broader understanding of climate change and practical mitigation strategies. A global paradigm shift from a market-based, individualistic approach is a necessity. Significantly, the application of the environmental ethics of Ubuntu, coupled with the effective incorporation of indigenous mitigation strategies, will facilitate the realisation of a green or environmentally sustainable Africa. In this light, the chapter echoes the need for an Afro-sensed perspective in climate change adaptation and mitigation.
Introduction: Matching Legal Proceedings to Problems in Custody Disputes
Authors: Kaldal Anna , Hellner Agnes , Mattsson Titti 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe introductory chapter presents the aim, outline, and content of the anthology. First, it describes the dilemmas and challenges that arise in custody disputes, drawing on pre-existing empirical research, discussions among policymakers, and legal scholars. Second, the chapter outlines the child welfare family-law systems of the Nordic countries. It is also argued that the focus on gender equality and the awareness of domestic violence have affected law and policymaking—as well as created new dilemmas when handling custody disputes in practice. Third, the chapter presents the paradigm shift through which children’s rights have been strengthened, for example, the right of every child to freely express their views in all matters affecting them (Article 12, The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child). However, the right to participation raises demands for practical implementation that, so far, have not been fully met. It is proposed that the nature and complexity of custody disputes are serious challenges for society that call for an interdisciplinary and comparative discussion. Thus, the aim of the anthology is to transcend disciplinary, institutional, and jurisdictional boundaries, in search of new knowledge that can integrate multiple perspectives and experiences. The anthology will explore how legal proceedings, in and out-of-court, can be applied to the complex problems inherent in these disputes.
Children’s Participation and Perspectives in Family Disputes
Authors: Eriksson Maria 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFrom a sociological perspective, this chapter discusses how agency interventions in the lives of children involved in family disputes, could become as child-centred and child-friendly as possible. It is divided into two parts, the first focusing on child health in family disputes, and the second on children’s participation and perspectives. The discussion sets out the results of several empirical studies of children in contact with family-law services and identifies implications for policy and practice. On a policy level, the author describes a need to dissolve boundaries between family-law proceedings and child welfare. To reach that objective in practice, the issue of children’s participation is connected to risk assessments and how best to communicate with children. The author explains how both the principle of care and the principle of participation can be simplified, then applied in practice, in order to contribute to the child’s sense of security and coherence. It is further argued that children’s participation can be enhanced, drawing on research of how best to communicate with them. Finally, the chapter explores children’s actions beyond participation, noting that, the children interviewed in one of the studies, emphasized their right to decide for themselves.
Challenges When Family Conflicts Meet the Law—A Proactive Approach
Authors: Barton Thomas D. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe final contributing chapter assumes that the effectiveness of addressing a social problem depends, in part, on the quality and appropriateness of the procedures used to address that problem. For the author, attributes of domestic relations problems—especially child custody issues—do not fit well with the capabilities of traditional legal procedures. However, this lack of fit between problem and procedure can be overcome and procedures improved. Using a proactive approach, the author identifies a need of acknowledging and incorporating different ways of speaking about domestic relations problems. He concludes that the legal system should supplement its traditional problem-solving methods with others, for example, the welfare system and psychology.
Introduction
Authors: Bigby Christine , Hough Alan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis book is about turning visionary policies about the rights of people with disabilities into reality in their everyday lives. It is a guide to knowledge for designing quality services and to the practices needed to deliver enabling support. The core argument of the book is that the quality of disability services and support rests on good practice—the moments of interaction between people with disabilities and services when knowledge is applied and principles become actions. Thus, we understand practice as conscious self-aware actions by support workers, managers or professionals where they apply knowledge, theories, principles and skills in real-life situations. Yet too often practice goes unnoticed and unmonitored, as paperwork—policies and procedures—dominates the attention of managers and expected practice remains abstract and ill defined.
Supporting Engagement in Everyday Life at Home and in the Community: Active Support
Authors: Bigby Christine 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMany people with intellectual disabilities live in poor-quality supported accommodation services where they spend a significant part of their day disengaged—doing nothing. It is clear that it is the quality of staff support rather than the number of staff that makes the difference and that all people with intellectual disabilities can be engaged for much of their day. Engagement in meaningful activities and social interactions is a fundamental prerequisite to a good quality of life. When staff consistently use a practice known as Active Support, people with intellectual disabilities have higher levels of engagement and a better quality of life. This chapter lays out the essential elements of Active Support and the frontline managerial practices and organisational features necessary to embed it in services. Finally, it considers the connections between Active Support and other person-centred practices, such as support planning, positive behaviour support, and supported decision making.
Branched tyramides from males of the harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex badius
Authors: Jones Tappey H. , Chinta Satya P. , Vander Meer Robert K. , Cartwright Kaitie C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTyramides are produced in microgram quantities by males of species in the large Myrmicine ant sub-family (> 7000 species). Tyramides are transferred to female sexuals during mating where a specific female sexual evolved enzyme hydrolyzes the tyramides to the biogenic amine, tyramine. Tyramine is a ligand for receptors that rapidly activate reproductive development in the newly mated queen—previously reproductively inhibited by the mother queen. Without this elaborate biogenic amine precursor and co-evolved female sexual derived tyramide hydrolase, the defenseless newly mated queen’s worker production would be delayed by up to 6 days, which could be lethal to the new queen. This is one of possibly several ant species separation mechanisms evolved to maintain species integrity. Here we report two methyl-branched tyramides from harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex badius, males, including one highly branched tyramide not previously reported.
Adult Mosquito and Butterfly Exposure to Permethrin and Relative Risk Following ULV Sprays from a Truck-Mounted Sprayer
Authors: Bargar Timothy A. , Jiang Yongxing 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGround applications of adulticides via a specialized truck-mounted sprayer are one of the most common practices for control of flying adult mosquitoes. Aerosols released to drift through a targeted area persist in the air column to contact and kill flying mosquitoes, but may also drift into adjacent areas not targeted by the applications where it may affect nontarget insects such as imperiled butterflies. This study compared the risk of permethrin to adult mosquitoes and adult butterflies to assess the likelihood that the butterflies would be affected following such sprays. Permethrin toxicity values were determined for Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (LD50s of 81.1 and 166.3 ng/g dw, respectively) and then combined with published toxicity data in a species sensitivity distribution for comparison with published permethrin toxicity data for adult butterflies. The sensitivity distributions indicated adult butterflies and mosquitoes are similarly sensitive, meaning relative risk would be a function of exposure. Exposure of adult butterflies and adult mosquitoes to permethrin was measured following their exposure to ULV sprays in an open field. Average permethrin concentrations on adult mosquitoes (912–38,061 ng/g dw) were typically an order of magnitude greater than on adult butterflies (110–11,004 ng/g dw) following each spray, indicating lower risk for butterflies relative to mosquitoes. Despite lower estimated risk, 100% mortality of adult butterflies occurred following some of the sprays. Additional studies could help understand exposure and risk for butterflies in densely vegetated habitats typical near areas treated by ULV sprays.
Time-domain modeling of interband transitions in plasmonic systems
Authors: Pfeifer Max , Huynh Dan-Nha , Wegner Gino , Intravaia Francesco , Peschel Ulf , Busch Kurt 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEfficient modeling of dispersive materials via time-domain simulations of the Maxwell equations relies on the technique of auxiliary differential equations. In this approach, a material’s frequency-dependent permittivity is represented via a sum of rational functions, e.g., Lorentz poles, and the associated free parameters are determined by fitting to experimental data. In the present work, we present a modified approach for plasmonic materials that requires considerably fewer fit parameters than traditional approaches. Specifically, we consider the underlying microscopic theory and, in the frequency domain, separate the hydrodynamic contributions of the quasi-free electrons in partially filled bands from the interband transitions. As an illustration, we apply our approach to gold and demonstrate how to treat the interband transitions within the effective model via connecting to the underlying electronic band structure, thereby assigning physical meaning to the remaining fit parameters. Finally, we show how to utilize this approach within the technique of auxiliary differential equations. Our approach can be extended to other plasmonic materials and leads to efficient time-domain simulations of plasmonic structures for frequency ranges where interband transitions have to be considered.
Areal bone mineral density is not associated with femoral stem subsidence in patients younger than 70 years undergoing total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Rolvien Tim , Thiessen Maximilian Lenard , Boese Christoph Kolja , Bechler Ulrich , Strahl André , Beil Frank Timo , Ries Christian 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Femoral stem subsidence is a known complication after uncemented total hip arthroplasty (THA). The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of osteoporosis and to investigate the relationship between areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and subsidence in a cohort of patients younger than 70 years.

Methods
One hundred consecutive patients (age 60 ± 6 years; 52 female, 48 male) undergoing uncemented THA using a collarless press fit femoral stem were retrospectively reviewed. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was performed preoperatively at the proximal femur and lumbar spine, and if not feasible at these sites, at the distal radius. DXA results were compared to a cohort of 100 patients ≥ 70 years scheduled for cemented THA. Age, sex, and body mass index (BMI), canal flare index (CFI), and canal fill ratio (CFR) were assessed. Analysis of stem subsidence and migration was performed on standardized, calibrated radiographs obtained postoperatively and at follow-up.

Results
The frequency of osteoporosis was considerably lower in the study cohort compared to patients ≥ 70 years (7% vs. 19%, p = 0.02). Illustrated by the high CFR (mean 96 ± 4%) in the mid-stem region, a sufficient press fit was achieved. After a mean follow-up of 7.4 months, the mean stem subsidence was 0.9 ± 0.9 mm. Only two patients had subsidence greater than 3 mm, one of whom was morbidly obese and the other diagnosed with severe osteoporosis. There were no correlations between any of the parameters (CFI, CFR, age, sex, BMI) and femoral stem subsidence. In addition, aBMD T-scores showed no correlations with subsidence.

Conclusion
aBMD by DXA does not appear to be associated with stem subsidence in patients younger than 70 years and with adequate press fit.