bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controlled Synthesis of SnO2 Hollow Microspheres via a Facile Template-free Hydrothermal Route
Authors: Shao Weiping , Wang Zhenghua , Zhang Yuanguang , Cui Jianhua , Yu Weichao , Qian Yitai 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Hollow rutile-like SnO2 microspheres were synthesized via a facile template-free hydrothermal method at 160 °C for 5–28 h. The as-prepared samples were characterized with XRD, SEM, and PL. A possible formation mechanism of the hollow spheres is briefly discussed.
A New Sol–Gel Route to Synthesize YPO4:Tb as a Green-emitting Phosphor for the Plasma Display Panels
Authors: Di Weihua , Wang Xiaojun , Chen Baojiu , Zhao Xiaoxia 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
This work adopts a novel and low-cost sol–gel route to synthesize Tb3+-doped YPO4 as a green-emitting phosphor for the plasma display panel (PDP). The phosphor obtained by this route shows improved luminescence efficiency in vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) excitation, compared with that obtained by a solid-state reaction.
The facilitating effect of verbalization on the recognition memory of incidentally learned faces
Authors: Itoh Yuji 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that requiring people to verbally describe a target face from memory facilitates their subsequent recognition when their memory for the target is poor and interferes with recognition when such memory is strong. In Experiment 1, a target face was presented to participants for 30 s or 100 s under a nominal task instruction, and they incidentally familiarized themselves with it. Verbalization increased the rate of correct recognition only when the target was presented for 30 s and the performance of control participants was poor. In Experiment 2, participants observed a target without instruction for intentional learning or other nominal instruction, in a more ecologically valid context. Recognition performance was poor for control participants and verbalization increased the rate of correct recognition. These results appear to support the hypothesis. The implications for the identification of persons by eyewitnesses are discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ramification pattern of the thenar branch of the median nerve entering the thenar fascia and the distribution of the terminal branches in the thenar musculature: Anatomic cadaver study in 144 hands
Authors: Alp Mehmet , Marur Tania , Akkin Salih Murat , Yalcin Levent , Demirci Selman 
Published: March 2005

AbstractKnowledge of the anatomy of the median nerve is important in surgery of the palmar aspect of the hand. The purpose of our study was to investigate the ramification pattern of the thenar branch before entering the thenar fascia and the distribution of the terminal branches in the thenar musculature. The observations were carried out on 144 hands of 74 dissecting room cadavers. According to the number of the thenar branches entering the thenar fascia we classified our specimens into four types. In 121 hands (84%, Group I) the thenar branch piercing the thenar fascia was a single trunk. In 19 hands (13.2%, Group II) two branches; in three (2.1%; Group III), three branches; and in one hand (0.7%; Group IV), four branches were identified entering the thenar fascia. Accessory thenar nerve was found in 8.3% of hands. The further division of each branch to its terminal branches was investigated in detail. Our results show that the more the number of thenar branches entering the thenar fascia, the less the terminal branching. Because more than one branch was seen in 16% of the specimens, meticulous dissection is required for preventing injury of the thenar branches before entering the thenar fascia. Clin. Anat. 18:195–199, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vector Hankel transform analysis of a tunable circular microstrip patch
Authors: Fortaki T. , Khedrouche D. , Bouttout F. , Benghalia A. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIn this paper, a rigorous analysis of the tunable circular microstrip patch is performed using a dyadic Green's function formulation. To make the theoretical formulation more general and hence valid for various antennas structures (not only limited to tunable microstrip patch); the dyadic Green's function is derived when the patch is assumed to be embedded in a multilayered dielectric substrate. A very efficient technique to derive the dyadic Green's function in the vector Hankel transform domain is proposed. Using the vector Hankel transform, the mixed boundary value problem is reduced to a set of vector dual integral equations. Galerkin's method is then applied to solve the integral equation where two sets of disk current expansions are used. One set is based on the complete set of orthogonal modes of the magnetic cavity, and the other consists of combinations of Chebyshev polynomials with weighting factors to incorporate the edge condition. Convergent results for these two sets of disk current expansions are obtained with a small number of basis functions. The calculated resonant frequencies and quality factors are compared with experimental data and shown to be in good agreement. Finally, numerical results for the air gap tuning effect on the resonant frequency and half‐power bandwidth are also presented. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multilevel hybrid spectral element ordering algorithms
Authors: Scott Jennifer A. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor frontal solvers to perform well on finite‐element problems it is essential that the elements are ordered for a small wavefront. Multilevel element ordering algorithms have their origins in the profile reduction algorithm of Sloan but for large problems often give significantly smaller wavefronts. We examine a number of multilevel variants with the aim of finding the best methods to include within a new state‐of‐the‐art frontal solver for finite‐element applications that we are currently developing. Numerical experiments are performed using a range of problems arising from real applications and comparisons are made with existing element ordering algorithms. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Eigenvalues of factorable matrices with form IV symmetry
Authors: Kaveh A. , Sayarinejad M. A. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe methods developed for eigensolution of matrices with special patterns (Commun. Numer. Methods Engng 2003; 19: 125; 2004; 20: 133) is extended to another canonical form defined as the symmetry of Form IV. Efficient methods are presented for evaluating the eigenvalues for this form of matrices. The graph representation of this type of symmetry is also included in this study. The process of development is accompanied by some illustrative examples. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of the Absolute Configuration of Inherently Chiral Resorc[4]arenes
Authors: Klaes Michael , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Mattay Jochen 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe absolute configuration of twelve inherently chiral resorc‐arenes was determined using a combination of the X‐ray structure of (–)‐3a and optical rotation as well as NMR techniques. Starting from a racemic mixture of 1 both diastereomers (–)‐3a and (+)‐3b can be obtained in high yields in two steps and the absolute configuration of these diastereomers could be determined by X‐ray analysis. Using enantiomerically pure (–)‐1 for the same reactions, however, (+)‐3b is formed. The alkylation of (–)‐1 with (S)‐2‐methylbutyl tosylate and the methylation of (–)‐5a lead to the same resorcarene (–)‐4a, while the alkylation of (+)‐1 and the methylation of (+)‐5b yield in resorcarene (+)‐4b. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Facile Preparation of 3‐Amino‐4‐(arylamino)‐1H‐isochromen‐1‐ones by a New Multicomponent Reaction
Authors: Opatz Till , Ferenc Dorota 
Published: March 2005

AbstractReactions between 2‐formylbenzoic acid, various anilines and HCN result in the formation of 3‐amino‐4‐(arylamino)‐1H‐isochromen‐1‐ones in high yield. The mechanism of this three‐component condensation involves the intermediate formation of an α‐aminonitrile and subsequent cyclization through nucleophilic attack of the ortho‐carboxylate at the nitrile carbon. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
The potential of inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometric detection for capillary electrophoretic analysis of pesticides
Authors: Wuilloud Rodolfo G. , Shah Monika , Kannamkumarath Sasi S. , Altamirano Jorgelina C. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIn this work, the potential of inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) coupled to capillary electrophoresis (CE) to determine organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) is demonstrated. Element specific detection of 31P with ICP‐MS is performed for the detection of OPPs. Three common OPPs, including glyphosate, glufosinate, and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), were analyzed by CE‐ICP‐MS to demonstrate its applicability for the analysis of OPPs. The advantages of using ICP‐MS with respect to other common detectors, such as flame photometric detection (FPD), for CE analysis of OPPs are shown. Additionally, different CE separation conditions were studied to achieve complete baseline separation of the pesticide compounds in short migration times. Two CE buffer systems were evaluated for the separation of OPPs using ICP‐MS detection. A buffer solution containing 40 mmol·L−1 ammonium acetate at pH 9.0 and an applied voltage of +20 kV were finally selected leading to a separation time of 10.0 min. Both migration time and area relative standard deviations (%RSD) were evaluated and their respective values were in the intervals of 1.1–3.3% and 2.7–5.3%. Detection limits obtained with the CE‐ICP‐MS system were in the range of 0.11–0.19 mg·L−1 (as compound) yielding an enhancement of 130‐ to 230‐fold with respect to FPD. The proposed methodology was finally applied for the determination of the OPPs mentioned above in natural river water samples.
Screening and analytical confirmation of sulfonamide residues in milk by capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Santos Bricio , Lista Adriana , Simonet Bartolomé M. , Ríos Angel , Valcárcel Miguel 
Published: March 2005

AbstractA new methodology is proposed to automate the monitoring of sulfonamide residues in milk samples. It combines a screening unit for the total amount of sulfonamide with capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry (CE‐MS) equipment for processing the samples containing a detectable level of sulfonamide. The screening unit consists of continuous‐flow system (CFS) to precipitate the proteins connected on‐line to the CE‐MS equipment, in which a common characteristic ion of all sulfonamides was monitored with the MS detector by flushing the sample through the capillary. The confirmatory method is based on the purification and preconcentration of sulfonamides in a CFS unit and posterior analysis by CE‐MS. The sample treatment unit was also on‐line connected to the CE‐MS equipment. In order to increase sensitivity, the flow rate of the sheath liquid was diminished from 0.5 to 0.2 μL·min−1 by increasing the content in water from 0 to 50% and the formic acid from 0.5 to 1.5% in this liquid and by applying an overimposed pressure of 5 mbar during the electrophoretic separation. The method allowed the analysis of 30 samples per hour.
Sheathless reverse‐polarity capillary electrophoresis‐electrospray‐mass spectrometry for analysis of underivatized glycoconjugates
Authors: Bindila Laura , Peter‐Katalinić Jasna , Zamfir Alina 
Published: March 2005

AbstractWe report on the development of a novel methodology to extend the limits of capillary electrophoresis‐electrospray ionization‐mass spectrometry (CE‐ESI‐MS) general applicability. A sheathless on‐line CE‐ESI‐MS setup was optimized on standard monosaccharide mixture to operate in reverse polarity and negative ion mode for MS detection without pressure to assist the sample migration, coating of the capillaries, and/or sample derivatization. This approach was further applied for screening of a complex glycopeptide mixture obtained from the urine of a patient diagnosed with N‐acetylhexosaminidase deficiency, known as Schindler's disease. The potential of this methodology in terms of high sensitivity, separation efficiency, resolution, and reproducibility is demonstrated. In combination with the high quality of MS data, a new, significantly improved insight into the sample heterogeneity is possible.
Complete isolation of target solute from multicomponent similar mixture using continuous rotating annular chromatograph with double‐stage partial recycling of effluent
Authors: Fukumura Takuya , Honda Hiroki , Kubo Masaki , Yonemoto Toshikuni 
Published: March 2005

AbstractA double‐stage partial recycling continuous rotating annular chromatograph was proposed in order to isolate a target solute from multisolutes with similar retention strengths. The impurities with a higher retention strength are removed from the mixture by the first stage partial recycling where the effluent of incomplete separation is recycled to the inlet adjacent to that of the raw feed mixture. The effluent containing the target solute and the impurities with a lower retention strength is sent to the second stage and the target solute is isolated and collected. The optimum arrangement of the recycling channels and their corresponding nozzles was determined using a numerical calculation based on a mass transport model. The quadruple saccharides of kestose, sucrose, glucose and fructose were used as model solutes for experimental verification. The distribution coefficients needed for the numerical calculation were obtained from adsorption experiments. The effectiveness of the proposed technique was first verified using a two‐apparatu system. On the basis of the two‐apparatus method, the guide to designing a suitable single apparatus was discussed regarding the capital cost savings. The model target solute, sucrose, was isolated using a single apparatus by special recycling of a part of the effluents containing sucrose and kestose with a lower retention strength to the inlet of the first stage. All experimental concentration profiles of the respective saccharides were in reasonable agreement with the calculated ones. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of an Avidin‐Biotin Binding System on Chondrocyte Adhesion and Growth on Biodegradable Polymers
Authors: Tsai Wei‐Bor , Wang Min‐Cheng 
Published: March 2005

AbstractSummary: Cell adhesion to a scaffold is a prerequisite for tissue engineering. Many studies have been focused on enhancing cell adhesion to synthetic materials that are used for scaffold fabrication. In this study, we applied an avidin‐biotin binding system to enhance chondrocyte adhesion to biodegradable polymers. Biotin molecules were conjugated to the cell membrane of chondrocytes, and mediated cell adhesion to avidin‐coated surfaces. We demonstrated that immobilization of biotin molecules to chondrocyte surfaces enhanced cell adhesion to avidin‐coated biodegradable polymers such as poly(L‐lactic acid), poly(D,L‐lactic acid), and polycaprolactone, compared to the adhesion of normal chondrocytes to the same type of biodegradable polymer. The biotinylated chondrocytes still maintained their proliferation ability. This study showed the promise of applying the avidin‐biotin system in cartilage tissue engineering.The adhesion of B‐chondrocytes to avidin‐adsorbed surfaces (PDLLA) in serum‐free medium (♦) and that of normal chondrocytes to untreated surfaces in the serum‐containing media (▪) (control: adhesion of normal chondrocytes to untreated TCPS in the serum‐containing medium (▴)).magnified imageThe adhesion of B‐chondrocytes to avidin‐adsorbed surfaces (PDLLA) in serum‐free medium (♦) and that of normal chondrocytes to untreated surfaces in the serum‐containing media (▪) (control: adhesion of normal chondrocytes to untreated TCPS in the serum‐containing medium (▴)).
Kinetics of Polymerization of Dimer Fatty Acids with Ethylenediamine After 90% Conversion
Authors: Heidarian Javad , Ghasem Nayef , Wan Daud Wan Ashri 
Published: March 2005

AbstractSummary: Today, hot melt adhesives are used in a variety of manufacturing processes, including bookbinding, product assembly and box and carton heat sealing. Understanding the kinetics of the process is of great importance. In this work, the kinetics for the polymerization of dimer fatty acids and ethylenediamine after 90% conversion were investigated. The rate equation used was based on a third order expression after 90% conversion. The reaction temperature was in the range 435–475 K. The parameters of the rate equations were determined using non‐linear regression analysis. Comparison of the model predictions with the experimental data showed that the approach was useful for predicting the polymerization kinetics. The frequency factor and the activation energy for the forward rate constant after 90% conversion were 93 339.62 kg · mol−1 · min−1 and 53.40 kJ · mol−1, respectively. The reverse rate constant was almost zero.
magnified image
Novel Alternating Dioctyloxyphenylene Vinylene‐Benzothiadiazole Copolymer: Synthesis and Photovoltaic Performance
Authors: Lu Shengli , Yang Mujie , Luo Jie , Cao Yong , Bai Fenglian 
Published: March 2005

AbstractSummary: A novel alternating conjugated copolymer (poly[(dioctyloxyphenylene vinylene)‐alt‐(2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole)], C8‐PPV‐BT) consisting of electron‐rich dioctyloxybenzene and electron‐deficient 2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole repeat units was synthesized via a Pd‐catalyzed Heck cross‐coupling polycondensation. The thermal, electrochemical, optical properties, and photophysics of C8‐PPV‐BT blended with [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) have been investigated. Photovoltaic devices of ITO/PEDOT‐PSS/C8‐PPV‐BT + PCBM (1/4, w/w)/Ba/Al were fabricated and their photovoltaic parameters were measured. The results showed the energy conversion efficiency (ηe) and external quantum efficiency (EQE) were 0.335 and 11.7% (451 nm), respectively, under simulated solar light illumination having light intensity of 78.2 mW · (cm2)−1 (AM1.5), which were both higher than those of devices based on poly[(dioctyloxyphenylene ethynylene)‐alt‐(2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole)] (C8‐PPE‐BT) and PCBM blend under the same conditions. Optical, electrochemical, and photovoltaic properties of C8‐PPV‐BT and C8‐PPE‐BT copolymers were also compared and discussed.
magnified image
Statistical Megamer Morphologies and Materials from PAMAM Dendrimers
Authors: Khopade Ajay J. , Möhwald Helmuth 
Published: March 2005

AbstractSummary: Generation‐4 poly(amidoamine) dendrimers (G4‐PAMAM) were cross‐linked using gluteraldehyde to obtain aldehyde‐activated G4‐PAMAM and cross‐linked G4‐PAMAM, termed pre‐megamers, which were grafted with octadecylamine (ODA) in chloroform (CHCl3). Statistical megamer morphologies and particles were prepared by an emulsification solvent‐evaporation method using an ODA‐premegamer/CHCl3 solution, surfactant, and water. Physicochemical characterization of the premegamers and megamers by various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques demonstrated their formation and properties useful in diagnostic and chromatographic applications.Formation of pre‐megamers and megamers and their transmission electron microscopy images.imageFormation of pre‐megamers and megamers and their transmission electron microscopy images.
Reversible Oxygen Binding to the Polymeric Cobalt Tetraazaporphyrin Complex and Oxygen‐Facilitated Transport through Its Membrane
Authors: Shinohara Hiromi , Shibata Hirokazu , Wöhrle Dieter , Nishide Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2005

AbstractSummary: A membrane of a cobalt tetraazaporphyrin polymer complex was prepared with a nanometer thickness and used as an oxygen‐facilitated transport membrane. Rapid and reversible oxygen binding to the cobalt tetraazaporphyrin complex with a polymeric imidazole ligand was observed at low temperature. Oxygen transport through the membrane was facilitated and a high (oxygen/nitrogen) permselectivity of 28 was obtained.Oxygen‐facilitated transport through a cobalt tetraazaporphyrin complex‐polymer membrane of nanometer thickness.imageOxygen‐facilitated transport through a cobalt tetraazaporphyrin complex‐polymer membrane of nanometer thickness.
Haunting the Buddha
Authors: DeCaroli Robert 
Published: March 2005

AbstractAlthough Buddhist monasteries are commonly understood as being institutions dedicated to non‐attachment and transcendence, the architectures of the earliest known monasteries are overwhelmingly decorated with sculptural images of minor deities and spirits directly associated with wealth, health and worldly success (yakshas, nagas, etc). This text refutes the notion that the presence of these deities is linked to periods of decline in Buddhism by demonstrating how the inclusion of these semi‐divine figures was part of an intentional process by which the Buddhist monastic community managed to attract adherents and expand into new regions. Specifically, the incorporation of these supernatural beings into Buddhist contexts provided the Buddhists with a social role as the tamers and keepers of potentially dangerous and unpredictable spirits. This new social relevance ensured Buddhist patronage after the cessation of royal support (c. 200‐100 bce) and provided the monastic community with a strategy for expansion. Both the architecture and the sculpture served as important visual markers that signified the spiritual authority of Buddhist teachings and identified the monastic community as spiritually accomplished individuals worthy of support. This work situates Buddhism within the social and political contexts of early India and in so doing explores the contributions made to the developing monastic institution by the religious ideas and local beliefs that surrounded it.
Comparison of the Flexiblade levering laryngoscope with the English Macintosh laryngoscope in patients with a poor laryngoscopic view
Authors: Beilin B. , Yardeni I. Z. , Smolyarenko V. , Zeidel A. , Ram E. , Mayburd E. 
Published: March 2005

SummaryThe effectiveness of two laryngoscopes, the English Macintosh and the Flexiblade (a levering laryngoscope), were compared in a clinical setting.An investigation was carried out in 100 patients admitted for surgery under general anaesthesia, to compare intubation with the Flexiblade or the Macintosh laryngoscope. The patients had two anatomical characteristics that may predict difficult intubation – Mallampati score II and III, and a thyromental distance ≤ 6.5 cm. Patients were randomly allocated to receive intubation with one of the laryngoscopes. The laryngeal view obtained during laryngoscopy, the intubation time, and the need for optimization manoeuvres and assistance required were compared in the two groups. The correlation between intubation time and anatomical characteristics was determined.Only 49 patients had a poor laryngeal view during initial laryngoscopy and required additional facilitating manoeuvres. In these patients, successful intubation time (in seconds) using the Flexiblade was significantly shorter than using the Macintosh laryngoscope (median 14.3 s, IQR 6.3 vs. median 20.8 s, IQR 10.5) (p < 0.01). Assistance and additional manoeuvres were required significantly less frequently in the Flexiblade group (21%) compared to Macintosh group (67%) (p < 0.01). No correlation was found between intubation time, Mallampati scores, thyromental distance, or body weight. We concluded that in patients with an initial poor laryngoscopic view, the Flexiblade may enable faster and easier tracheal intubation.