bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermally Stable NIR Emission from Disordered Ba5La3MgAl3O15:Cr3+ with Peak Wavelength Beyond 900 nm
Authors: Xu Mengdi , Li Zhongyuan , Li Qiqi , Mou Tinglin , Wang Xuesong , Yan Dong , Li Ye , Zhou Xianju , Fang Zhen , Ning Lixin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBroadband near‐infrared (NIR) emissions in the long wavelength region with simultaneous high efficiency and thermal stability are desirable for NIR phosphor‐converted light‐emitting diodes (NIR pc‐LEDs) light sources. Herein, a novel broadband NIR‐emitting phosphor is reported, Ba5La3MgAl3O15:Cr3+ (BLMAO:Cr3+), which exhibits a NIR emission band spanning 700–1300 nm with maximum peak wavelength (λmax) at 925 nm and full width at half maximum of 160 nm. The optimized phosphor achieves an internal quantum efficiency of 66%, and the integrated emission intensity at 423 K remains 61% of that at room temperature, which surpasses most Cr3+‐activated phosphors emitting in the long‐wavelength NIR region (λmax > 900 nm). The NIR luminescence properties are elucidated on the basis of density functional calculations of the multiple Cr3+ local structures as generated by the Ba/La occupation disorder in the host material. The applications of the NIR phosphor in pc‐LED devices are demonstrated, showing potential in night‐vision and nondestructive examination. The results indicate that BLMAO:Cr3+ is a promising phosphor with highly efficient and thermally stable broadband NIR emission for NIR LED light sources.
Nitrosonium Ion Catalyzed Oxidative Bromination of Arenes
Authors: Chen Pin‐Hsien , Hsu Shu‐Jung , Hou Duen‐Ren 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA nitrosonium catalyzed bromination of electron‐rich arenes has been developed, using bromide salts as bromine sources, oxygen gas as a terminal oxidant and Brønsted acids (sulfuric acid, TFA or HBr). This arene bromination process is free of transition metals, proceeding in acetic acid and under mild temperatures (25–50 °C) to give brominated arenes with good to excellent yields. Our mechanistic studies indicated that this oxidative bromination of arenes reaction is catalyzed by nitrosnium ion (NO+), without the involvement of Br2 or Br+. The kinetic isotope effect of this reaction was measured using pentadeuteriophenyl phenyl ether (kH/kD=1.1).
Borylated Cyclopentanes via Atom Transfer Radical [3+2] Annulation
Authors: Cirule Dace , Dénès Fabrice , Gnägi‐Lux Manuel , Rohrbach Simon , Renaud Philippe 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAn atom transfer radical [3+2] annulation (ATRAn) reaction involving alkenyl boronic esters and homoallylic iodides provides a rapid access to polysubstituted borylated cyclopentanes. A variety of α‐substituted vinylboronic esters are suitable substrates and offer unique opportunities for further modification of the formed 5‐membered ring. For instance, the oxidation of the boronic ester to an alcohol allows the preparation of products that corresponds to an annulation involving the enol form of acetone. Substitution of the iodide by a nucleophile such as lithium methoxide without modifying the boronic ester moiety is also feasible. Finally, by using a (3‐acetoxyprop‐1‐en‐2‐yl)boronic ester, a facile 1,2‐elimination reaction provided a methylenecyclopentane. In this case, the alkenylboronate radical trap acts as an equivalent to allene, a building block so far elusive for preparative radical reactions.
Fluorocyclization of 2‐Alkynylbenzoates: Synthesis of Fluorinated Isocoumarins by N‐Fluoropyridinium Salts
Authors: Sakagami Haruki , Tsubouchi Akira , Saito Akio 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHerein, we describe metal‐free fluorocyclization of 2‐alkynylbenzoates by N‐fluoropyridinium salts. The present method allows the selective synthesis of 4‐fluoroisocoumarins and 3,4,4‐trifluoroisochromanones by minor modification of the reaction conditions.
Fracture Prediction of Hydrogel Using Machine Learning and Inhomogeneous Multiscale Network
Authors: Zheng Shoujing , You Hao , Lam K. Y. , Li Hua 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHydrogels are soft polymeric materials with promising applications in biomedical fields. Understanding their fracture behavior is crucial for optimizing device design and performance. However, predicting hydrogel fracture is challenging due to the complex interplay between material properties and environmental factors. In this study, a machine learning (ML) approach to predict hydrogel fracture behavior is presented. A multiscale hydrogel fracture model is developed to generate simulation data, which is used to train a predictive neural network model. The ML model utilizes a hierarchical architecture of convolution long short‐term memory units to capture spatial and temporal dependencies in the data. Model predictions are found to closely match simulation results with high accuracy, demonstrating the ability to learn complex fracture processes. Comparison of crack lengths shows the model can generalize across different material parameters. This work highlights the potential of ML for advancing the understanding of hydrogel fracture and soft matter failure. The presented approach provides an efficient framework for predicting fracture in complex materials and systems.
Fast‐Response Variable‐Stiffness Magnetic Catheters for Minimally Invasive Surgery
Authors: Piskarev Yegor , Sun Yi , Righi Matteo , Boehler Quentin , Chautems Christophe , Fischer Cedric , Nelson Bradley J. , Shintake Jun , Floreano Dario 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn minimally invasive surgery, such as cardiac ablation, magnetically steered catheters made of variable‐stiffness materials can enable higher dexterity and higher force application to human tissue. However, the long transition time between soft and rigid states leads to a significant increase in procedure duration. Here, a fast‐response, multisegmented catheter is described for minimally invasive surgery made of variable‐stiffness thread (FRVST) that encapsulates a helical cooling channel. The rapid stiffness change in the FRVST, composed of a nontoxic shape memory polymer, is achieved by an active cooling system that pumps water through the helical channel. The FRVST displays a 66 times stiffness change and a 26 times transition enhancement compare with the noncooled version. The catheter allows for selective bending of each segment up to 127° in air and up to 76° in water under an 80 mT external magnetic field. The inner working channel can be used for cooling an ablation tip during a procedure and for information exchange via the deployment of wires or surgical tools.
Self‐Confined Dewetting Mechanism in Wafer‐Scale Patterning of Gold Nanoparticle Arrays with Strong Surface Lattice Resonance for Plasmonic Sensing
Authors: Chen Zhiming , Cao An , Liu Dilong , Zhu Zhaoting , Yang Fan , Fan Yulong , Liu Rui , Huang Zhulin , Li Yue 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA self‐confined solid‐state dewetting mechanism is reported that can fundamentally reduce the use of sophisticated nanofabrication techniques, enabling efficient wafer‐scale patterning of non‐closely packed (ncp) gold nanoparticle arrays. When combined with a soft lithography process, this approach can address the reproducibility challenges associated with colloidal crystal self‐assembly, allowing for the batch fabrication of ncp gold arrays with consistent ordering and even optical properties. The resulting dewetted ncp gold nanoparticle arrays exhibit strong surface lattice resonance properties when excited in inhomogeneous environments under normal white‐light incidence. With these SLR properties, the sensitive plasmonic sensing of molecular interactions is achieved using a simple transmission setup. This study will advance the development of miniaturized and portable devices.
Microneedle Sensors for Point‐of‐Care Diagnostics
Authors: Hu Yubing , Chatzilakou Eleni , Pan Zhisheng , Traverso Giovanni , Yetisen Ali K. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPoint‐of‐care (POC) has the capacity to support low‐cost, accurate and real‐time actionable diagnostic data. Microneedle sensors have received considerable attention as an emerging technique to evolve blood‐based diagnostics owing to their direct and painless access to a rich source of biomarkers from interstitial fluid. This review systematically summarizes the recent innovations in microneedle sensors with a particular focus on their utility in POC diagnostics and personalized medicine. The integration of various sensing techniques, mostly electrochemical and optical sensing, has been established in diverse architectures of “lab‐on‐a‐microneedle” platforms. Microneedle sensors with tailored geometries, mechanical flexibility, and biocompatibility are constructed with a variety of materials and fabrication methods. Microneedles categorized into four types: metals, inorganics, polymers, and hydrogels, have been elaborated with state‐of‐the‐art bioengineering strategies for minimally invasive, continuous, and multiplexed sensing. Microneedle sensors have been employed to detect a wide range of biomarkers from electrolytes, metabolites, polysaccharides, nucleic acids, proteins to drugs. Insightful perspectives are outlined from biofluid, microneedles, biosensors, POC devices, and theragnostic instruments, which depict a bright future of the upcoming personalized and intelligent health management.
Cleanroom‐Free Direct Laser Micropatterning of Polymers for Organic Electrochemical Transistors in Logic Circuits and Glucose Biosensors
Authors: Enrico Alessandro , Buchmann Sebastian , De Ferrari Fabio , Lin Yunfan , Wang Yazhou , Yue Wan , Mårtensson Gustaf , Stemme Göran , Hamedi Mahiar Max , Niklaus Frank , Herland Anna , Zeglio Erica 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOrganic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are promising devices for bioelectronics, such as biosensors. However, current cleanroom‐based microfabrication of OECTs hinders fast prototyping and widespread adoption of this technology for low‐volume, low‐cost applications. To address this limitation, a versatile and scalable approach for ultrafast laser microfabrication of OECTs is herein reported, where a femtosecond laser to pattern insulating polymers (such as parylene C or polyimide) is first used, exposing the underlying metal electrodes serving as transistor terminals (source, drain, or gate). After the first patterning step, conducting polymers, such as poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), or semiconducting polymers, are spin‐coated on the device surface. Another femtosecond laser patterning step subsequently defines the active polymer area contributing to the OECT performance by disconnecting the channel and gate from the surrounding spin‐coated film. The effective OECT width can be defined with high resolution (down to 2 µm) in less than a second of exposure. Micropatterning the OECT channel area significantly improved the transistor switching performance in the case of PEDOT:PSS‐based transistors, speeding up the devices by two orders of magnitude. The utility of this OECT manufacturing approach is demonstrated by fabricating complementary logic (inverters) and glucose biosensors, thereby showing its potential to accelerate OECT research.
Redesign of Anode Catalyst for Sustainable Survival of Fuel Cells
Authors: Ko Keonwoo , Kim Dongsu , Min Jiho , Sravani Bathinapatla , Kim Yunjin , Lee Sanghyeok , Sul Taejun , Jang Segeun , Jung Namgee 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPolymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) suffer from severe performance degradation when operating under harsh conditions such as fuel starvation, shut‐down/start‐up, and open circuit voltage. A fundamental solution to these technical issues requires an integrated approach rather than condition‐specific solutions. In this study, an anode catalyst based on Pt nanoparticles encapsulated in a multifunctional carbon layer (MCL), acting as a molecular sieve layer and protective layer is designed. The MCL enabled selective hydrogen oxidation reaction on the surface of the Pt nanoparticles while preventing their dissolution and agglomeration. Thus, the structural deterioration of a membrane electrode assembly can be effectively suppressed under various harsh operating conditions. The results demonstrated that redesigning the anode catalyst structure can serve as a promising strategy to maximize the service life of the current PEMFC system.
Understanding the Distance Effect of the Single‐Atom Active Sites in Fenton‐Like Reactions for Efficient Water Remediation
Authors: Zhang Shuaiqi , Lu Zhicong , Hu Chun , Li Fan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEmerging single‐atom catalysts (SACs) are promising in water remediation through Fenton‐like reactions. Despite the notable enhancement of catalytic activity through increasing the density of single‐atom active sites, the performance improvement is not solely attributed to the increase in the number of active sites. The variation of catalytic behaviors stemming from the increased atomic density is particularly elusive and deserves an in‐depth study. Herein, single‐atom Fe catalysts (FeSA‐CN) with different distances (dsite) between the adjacent single‐atom Fe sites are constructed by controlling Fe loading. With the decrease in dsite value, remarkably enhanced catalytic activity of FeSA‐CN is realized via the electron transfer regime with peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. The decrease in dsite value promotes electronic communication and further alters the electronic structure in favor of PMS activation. Moreover, the two adjacent single‐atom Fe sites collectively adsorb PMS and achieve single‐site desorption of the PMS decomposition products, maintaining continuous PMS activation and contaminant removal. Moreover, the FeSA‐CN/PMS system exhibits excellent anti‐interference performance for various aquatic systems and good durability in continuous‐flow experiments, indicating its great potential for water treatment applications. This study provides an in‐depth understanding of the distance effect of single‐atom active sites on water remediation by designing densely populated SACs.
Photochemically and Thermally Programmed Optical Multi‐States from a Single Diacetylene‐Functionalized Cyanostilbene Luminogen
Authors: Koo Jahyeon , Hyeong Jaeseok , Jang Junhwa , Wi Youngjae , Ko Hyeyoon , Rim Minwoo , Lim Seok‐In , Na Seok‐In , Choi Yu‐Jin , Jeong Kwang‐Un 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTo develop advanced optical systems, many scientists have endeavored to create smart optical materials which can tune their photophysical properties by changing molecular states. However, optical multi‐states are obtained usually by mixing many dyes or stacking multi‐layered structures. Here, multiple molecular states are tried to be generated with a single dye. In order to achieve the goal, a diacetylene‐functionalized cyanostilbene luminogen (DACSM) is newly synthesized by covalently connecting diacetylene and cyanostilbene molecular functions. Photochemical reaction of cyanostilbene and topochemical polymerization of diacetylene can change the molecular state of DACSM. By thermal stimulations and the photochemical reaction, the conformation of polymerized DACSM is further tuned. The synergetic molecular cooperation of cyanostilbene and diacetylene generates multiple molecular states of DACSM. Utilizing the optical multi‐states achieved from the newly developed DACSM, switchable optical patterns and smart secret codes are successfully demonstrated.
DNA Adjuvant Hydrogel‐Optimized Enzymatic Cascade Reaction for Tumor Chemodynamic‐Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhao Yan , Du Jiangnan , Xu Zihui , Wang Lihua , Ma Lan , Sun Lele 
Published: January 2024

AbstractChemodynamic therapy (CDT) shows immense potential in cancer treatment as it not only directly kills tumor cells but also induces anti‐tumor immune responses. However, the efficacy of CDT is hampered by challenges in targeting CDT catalysts specifically to tumors using nanomaterials, along with the limitations of low H2O2 levels and short catalyst duration within the tumor microenvironment. In this study, DNA adjuvant hydrogel to arrange a glucose oxidase‐ferrocene cascade for continuously generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) from glucose in situ for tumor CDT combined with immunotherapy is employed. By precisely tuning the catalyst spacing with DNA double helix, ROS production efficiency is elevated by up to nine times compared to free catalysts, resulting in stronger immunogenetic cell death. Upon intratumoral injection, the DNA hydrogel system elicited potent anti‐tumor immune responses, thereby effectively inhibiting established tumors and rejecting re‐challenged tumors. This work offers a novel platform for integrated CDT and immunotherapy in cancer treatment.
Salivary Amylase‐Responsive Buccal Tablets Wipe Out Chemotherapy‐Rooted Refractory Oral Mucositis
Authors: Zhang Yan , Wang Taixia , Dong Xiulin , Zhu Chunyan , Peng Qiuxia , Liu Chang , Zhang Yifeng , Chen Fubo , Zhang Kun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOral mucositis (OM) is the most common and refractory complication of cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy, severely affecting patients’ life quality, lowering treatment tolerance, and discouraging patient compliance. Current OM delivery systems mostly affect the comfort of patient use and lead to poor compliance and unsatisfactory effects. Herein, salivary amylases (SAs)‐responsive buccal tablets consisting of porous manganese‐substituted Prussian blue (PMPB) nanocubes (NCs), anti‐inflammatory apremilast (Apr) and starch controller have been engineered. PMPB NCs with large surface area can serve as carriers to load Apr, and their multienzyme‐mimicking activity enables them to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), which thus synergize with Apr to mitigate inflammation. More significantly, the starch controller can respond to abundant SAs in the oral cavity and realize the cascade, continuous, and complete drug release after enzymatic decomposition, which not only aids with high tissue affinity to prolong the resistance time but also improves the comfort of use. The preclinical study reveals that contributed by the above actions, such buccal tablets mitigate inflammation, promote endothelium proliferation and migration, and accelerate wound healing for repressing chemotherapy‐originated intractable OM with positive oral microenvironment and shorter recovery time, thus holding high potentials in clinical translation.
Sustainable Soft Electronics Combining Recyclable Metal Nanowire Circuits and Biodegradable Gel Film Substrates
Authors: Liu Yuxuan , Ahmad Mesbah , Venditti Richard A. , Velev Orlin D. , Zhu Yong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDirect disposal of used soft electronics into the environment can cause severe pollution to the ecosystem due to the inability of most inorganic materials and synthetic polymers to biodegrade. Additionally, the loss of the noble metals that are commonly used in soft electronics leads to a waste of scarce resources. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop “green” and sustainable soft electronics based on eco‐friendly manufacturing that may be recycled or biodegraded after the devices’ end of life. Here an approach to fabricating sustainable soft electronics is demonstrated where the expensive functional materials can be recycled and the soft substrate can be biodegradable. A stretchable agarose/glycerol gel film is used as the substrate, and silver nanowires (AgNWs) are printed on the film to fabricate the soft electronic circuits. The mechanical and chemical properties of the agarose/glycerol gel films are characterized, and the functionality of the printed AgNW electrodes for electrophysiological sensors is demonstrated. The demonstration of the biodegradability of the agarose/glycerol and the recyclability of AgNWs points toward ways to develop sustainable and eco‐friendly soft electronics.
Efficient Solar Driven Upgrading of N2 to Urea Through Photoredox Reactions on Pt Cluster/TiO2
Authors: Yang Weiping , Xiao Lei , Dai Weidong , Mou Shiyong , Dong Fan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSynthetic nitrogen fertilizers, such as urea, are instrumental in augmenting agricultural output and addressing the demands of a growing population. Nevertheless, conventional urea production heavily relies on energy‐intensive processes. In this study, an environmentally friendly photocatalytic method is proposed for directly and selectively synthesizing urea from nitrogen (N2) and methanol (CH3OH using a Pt cluster‐decorated TiO2 catalyst (Pt cluster/TiO2). Remarkably, the Pt cluster/TiO2 exhibits outstanding urea synthesis performance with a rate of 105.68 µmol g−1 h−1 and N‐selectivity of 97.29 ± 0.79%, representing the highest level of photocatalytic urea synthesis from N2. Further analysis with density functional theory (DFT) calculation reveals that the “σ–π*” donor–acceptor interaction occurred between Pt clusters and N2, efficiently reducing the N2 hydrogenation barrier. EPR experiments demonstrate that photogenerated electrons (e−) and hole (h+) are synchronously consumed through N2 reduction and CH3OH oxidation, thereby accelerating urea synthesis. The crucial step of C─N coupling is initiated by the reaction between *NH─NH and *CHO intermediate, facilitated by the low energy barrier on Pt cluster/TiO2. This work suggests an mild route of urea production and provides profound insights into the underlying chemistry of the C─N coupling reaction, which can guide the sustainable synthesis of essential indispensable chemicals.
Experimental study of a novel mouse model of tibial shaft fracture combined with blunt chest trauma
Authors: Zhang Bing , Fu Tingting , Han Yi , Li Gongke , Wan Xianyao , Li Yong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroudThoracic Trauma and Limb Fractures Are the Two most Common Injuries in Multiple Trauma. However, there Is Still a Lack of Mouse Models of Trauma Combining Tibial Shaft Fracture (TSF) and Thoracic Trauma. In this Study, we Attempted to Develop a Novel Mouse Model of TSF Combined with Blunt Chest Trauma (BCT).MethodsA total of 84 C57BL/6J male mice were used as the multiple trauma model. BCT was induced by hitting the chests of mice with heavy objects, and TSF was induced by hitting the tibia of mice with heavy objects after intramedullary fixation. Serum specimens of mice were received by cardiac puncture at defined time points of 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h.ResultsBody weight and body temperature tended to decrease within 24 h after multiple trauma. Hemoglobin analyses revealed a decrease during the first 24 h after multiple trauma. Some animals died by cardiac puncture immediately after chest trauma. These animals exhibited the most severe pulmonary contusion and hemorrhage. The level of lung damage varied in diverse mice but was apparent in all animals. Classic hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)‐stained paraffin pulmonary sections of mice with multiple trauma displayed hemorrhage and an immunoinflammatory reaction. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum samples of mice with multiple trauma showed an upregulation of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor‐1α (TNF‐1α) compared with the control group. Microimaging confirmed the presence of a tibia fracture and pulmonary contusion.ConclusionsThe novel mouse multiple trauma model established in this study is a common trauma model that shows similar pathological mechanisms and imaging characteristics in patients with multiple injuries. This study is useful for determining whether blockade or intervention of the cytokine response is beneficial for the treatment of patients with multiple trauma. Further research is needed in the future.