bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In situ diversification and adaptive introgression in Taiwanese Scutellaria
Authors: Sun P.‐W. , Chang J.‐T. , Luo M.‐X. , Chao C.‐T. , Du F. K. , Liao P.‐C. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Island habitats provide unique opportunities to study speciation. Recent work indicates that both ex situ origination and in situ speciation contribute to island species diversity. However, clear evidence of local adaptation of endemic plant species on islands requires in‐depth studies, which are scarce. This study underscores the importance of local adaptation in maintaining species boundaries by examining how adaptive introgression, hybridization, and local adaptation contribute to genetic variation in island species.

Multilocus genome scanning of 51 nuclear genes was used to investigate the evolutionary relationships of the Scutellaria species complex on Taiwan Island and assess the role of in situ diversification in generating high endemism and genetic diversity.

Interspecies introgressions were detected by phylogenetic networks and ABBA‐BABA‐based analysis, suggesting ongoing or recent speciation processes. Coalescent‐based simulation identified hybrid speciation in Scutellaria taiwanensis and Scutellaria hsiehii, with evidence of hybridization between more than two parental species. Genotype‐environment association studies revealed that the influence of climate, particularly precipitation‐ and temperature‐related factors, contributed to adaptive genetic divergence between species. Additionally, adaptive introgression related to environmental pressures that may have facilitated the colonization of new island habitats were identified.

This research illustrates how hybridization, introgression, and adaptation shaped the evolutionary histories and divergence of this island‐endemic plant species complex and sheds light on the multifaceted mechanisms of speciation on semi‐isolated islands.
A Systematic Review of Alternative Host Species of Phytophthora erythroseptica, the Major Causal Agent of Pink Rot of Potato
Authors: Thapa Ronika , Gill Warwick , Tegg Robert S. , Leo Audrey E. , Wilson Calum R. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTMost published studies of Phytophthora erythroseptica, the major causal agent of pink rot of potato, have focused on fungicide disease management, particularly in light of the detection of fungicide‐sensitive isolates in cropping systems. In addition to fungicide use, crop rotation practices are also identified as important to minimise the risk of disease; however, due to the broad spectrum of plants putatively infected by P. erythroseptica, including both solanaceous and non‐solanaceous species, the choice of effective rotation crops can be problematic. To make informed decisions about rotation systems, an unambiguous understanding of alternative host status and the importance of these hosts in inoculum maintenance is required. The aim of this systematic review is to analyse current knowledge of the host plants of P. erythroseptica in natural and field environments. Searches of published records from 1913 to 2023 obtained 44 articles relevant to alternative hosts of this pathogen covering both natural infection and artificial inoculation experiments. Complexity in morphological pathogen descriptions has raised questions over evidence for certain alternative host records. Additional molecular evidence has provided greater certainty of record authenticity and provides an appropriate standard on which to confirm host status. Given increasingly limited cultural and chemical management alternatives, effective disease control in the future will rely heavily on crop rotation, implementing careful selection of pasture and crop species and targeted weed control to remove alternative hosts, preventing the proliferation of P. erythroseptica in soil and inoculum build‐up. Thus, it is critical that alternative host data are accurate.
Networking strategies for coordinating interdependent policy issues: A motif approach
Authors: Hedlund Johanna , Metz Florence , Bodin Örjan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractComplex societal challenges, such as climate change and environmental degradation, are encumbered by numerous interdependences across different policy issues. Coordination of interdependent policy issues is thus critical. However, coordination challenges persist, partly because coordinating interdependent policy issues among actors often involves high costs. While network governance literature often advocates for management strategies that steer the coordination between actors, little is known about what specific strategies can stimulate the emergence of collaborative relationships suitable for coordination of interdependent policy issues. To address this gap, we develop a typology of four different strategies operationalized as network motifs. We present a simulation modeling approach using Exponential Random Graph Models to evaluate if the identified network strategies facilitate actor coordination of interdependent policy issues and demonstrate the method on empirical data from water governance in Sweden. Results show that coordination of interdependent policy issues is enhanced by shared responsibilities, efforts to broaden expertise, and consideration of issue interdependencies in the search for collaborators. Results show less support for effective coordination of interdependent policy issues through a network manager. Taken together, the paper contributes both theoretical and methodological developments relevant for evaluating progress on coordination of interdependent policy issues and improving network interventions.
Stage 2 Registered Report: Propositional Thought Is Sufficient for Imaginal Extinction as Shown by Contrasting Participants With Aphantasia, Simulated Aphantasia, and Controls
Authors: Monzel Merlin , Agren Thomas , Tengler Matthias , Karneboge Jana , Reuter Martin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTImaginal exposure is a standard procedure of cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of anxiety and panic disorders. It is often used when in vivo exposure is not possible, too stressful for patients, or would be too expensive. The Bio‐Informational Theory implies that imaginal exposure is effective because of the perceptual proximity of mental imagery to real events, whereas empirical findings suggest that propositional thought of fear stimuli (i.e., thinking about the stimuli without seeing them in the mind's eye) could be sufficient. To investigate whether mental imagery or propositional thought is crucial for the success of imaginal exposure, participants with the rare state of aphantasia (= absence of sensory mental imagery) and two control groups were subjected to a fear conditioning paradigm followed by imaginal exposure and a reinstatement procedure. During imaginal exposure, a control group (N = 30) stared at a bright screen to disrupt visual imagery by incoming luminance (=simulated aphantasia), while a second control group (N = 30) and participants with actual aphantasia (N = 30) kept their eyes closed. Results showed successful extinction in all groups, thus demonstrating that imaginal extinction is possible using propositional thought. Moreover, exploratory analyses revealed less subjective fear in people with aphantasia during the fear conditioning procedure, potentially due to similar mechanisms as in alexithymia, that is, a decoupling between physiological arousal and emotional experience.
Criminology of Disasters: Natural Disaster Victim Identification Issues in the Philippines and Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Huong Thu 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTA relatively new field, the criminology of disasters tends to focus on crime that takes place in the aftermath of a disaster. Yet, the post‐disaster context is far more complex, with overlapping legalities and legacies. This review article unveils the multi‐faceted process of identifying victim of natural disaster intertwining scientific expertise with legalistic and humanitarian considerations, especially regarding the rights of the deceased and their kin. Taking into account the post‐war legacy in Vietnam and the post‐colonial circumstances in the Philippines, this article attempts to provide a comparative look at the legal processes in place and how these processes may have a bearing on the legalities of disaster victim identification in the two countries. Specifically, the article examines how the techno‐scientific practice of forensic identification is understood and expected by various governmental stakeholders and other non‐state actors involved in disaster response efforts set against the backdrop of pervasive catastrophic events such as the 2013 super Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines and the 2020 Central Vietnam Floods. Furthermore, it builds upon the criminology of disasters literature by contemplating the overlapping institutions and issues associated with victim identification predominantly in a non‐Global North setting.
pARametric: Empowering In Situ Parametric Modeling in Augment Reality for Personal Fabrication
Authors: Duan Runlin , Hu Xiyun , Liu Min , Shi Jingyu , Ramani Karthik 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Parametric modeling software is a powerful design tool for defining complex geometries, controlling precise dimensions, and maintaining design intent during iterative modifications. However, such software challenges novice users due to the complex user interfaces, steep learning curve, and the need for strong spatial understanding to manipulate 3D models. To overcome these barriers, we introduce pARametric, an augmented reality (AR) system that provides an effortless parametric modeling experience in situ. Our system features an immersive sketching platform for freehand sketching, a transformer-based parametric sketch construction algorithm, and an AR interface that offers intuitive hand-to-virtual geometry interaction for 3D modeling operations. In pARametric, a novice user without experience in 3D modeling can create parametric models for personal fabrication. Our system uses environmental context as design references to make decisions about structure, dimension, and shape. The system allows users to express their design intents by sketching freehand rather than mastering the sophisticated operations in current modeling software. We also incorporate widely used 3D modeling features such as extrusion, revolution, sweep, and mirror to create a wide variety of models. In a user study with eight participants, we discovered that novice designers see great potential in pARametric to enhance their capabilities and willingness to engage in parametric modeling. We further discuss how our system can be integrated into traditional parametric modeling workflows to benefit a wider range of designers in terms of visualization and collaboration on challenging design tasks.
Iterative Development and Verification of 37 Design Heuristics for the Design of Medical Devices for Low-Resource Settings
Authors: Overhoff Milena , Shea Kristina 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Medical devices in low-resource settings are scarce and often become nonoperational after a short time, thus restricting health facilities from providing essential healthcare to patients. One major reason is that most devices are not designed for use in low-resource settings. Financial, infrastructure, and human resource constraints are not considered in the design process either due to lack of awareness or lack of guidance. This article develops and verifies a hands-on design method to communicate key challenges beyond affordability and guide designers to develop more appropriate devices for low-resource settings. First, an initial list of design heuristics is created to address previously identified key challenges for the use and maintenance of medical devices in resource-constrained settings. Second, 15 participants in Switzerland and Bolivia are involved in iterative improvements of the design heuristics through brainstorming sessions and discussions to reduce bias by including diverse perspectives. Finally, the updated list of 37 design heuristics is verified through an online survey with 45 participants who have experience with medical devices in diverse low- and middle-income countries, including medical, technical, and administrative staff. The results show that 93.3% of the respondents agree that it is important to design specifically for low-resource settings and 86.7% find the design heuristics helpful to achieve this. A ranking further shows that lowering the initial price of the device is not considered the most important. Finally, the proposed 37 design heuristics can be directly applied to design and adapt medical devices for low-resource settings.
An Alternative Machine Learning-Based Approach to Establish Stronger Correlations Between Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) Processing Parameters and Part Properties
Authors: Bai Feiyang , Attarzadeh Faridreza , Xu Jiajun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) offers advantages in fabrication complexity, speed, cost-effectiveness, and material versatility. However, establishing clear correlations between processing parameters and final product properties remains challenging due to the complex Multiphysics phenomena involved during the LPBF process like melting, solidification, vaporizing, remelting, etc. To address this, the authors conducted a variety of Design of Experiments (DoE) and applied machine learning (ML) algorithms to model and predict part performance with major processing parameters including laser powder (p), scanning speed (v), hatching space (h), and layer height (t). This paper aims to compare a widely accepted physical normalization method along with the dimensionless number to generate better input parameters for the considered ML algorithm. For the LPBF processing of IN 625, this approach led to delineating stronger correlations between the normalized parameters and the hardness of Additive Manufacturing (AM) parts. Following this approach, the R-squared value increased to ∼0.92, and RMSE dropped to ∼0.3.
Influence of Irreversibility and Entropy Production Produced by Nanofluid on the Performance of Heat Exchanger
Authors: Jassim Esam I. , Jasem Bashar 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The irreversibility and entropy production in a heat exchanger involving nanofluids are influenced by factors such as fluid properties, flow conditions, and temperature gradients. Nanofluids may enhance heat transfer but can also contribute to irreversible processes, increasing entropy production. Careful analysis, considering thermodynamic principles and nanofluid behavior, is essential for a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenal. The study focuses on the heat transfer and entropy analysis for two types of heat exchangers, namely: plate-type (PHE) and spiraled-type shell and tube (SPHE) heat exchangers. The study covers several outputs of impaction of nanofluid by applying energy and exergy analysis. Experiments have been conducted in the heat exchanger for two different nanofluid, namely, TiO2 and Al2O3. Rate of Heat transfer and exchanger effectiveness are found to be enhanced with the presence of nanometallic for the concentrations range considered in this research. It is noticed that the impaction of nanofluid plays a significant role in the enhancement of the exchanger effectiveness for both types, albeit PHE shows significant improvement in comparison with the SPHE. With augmentation in the volume fraction, the analysis showed that the heat losses increase due to the improvement of transport nanoparticles properties. Both nanofluids and distilled water produce more entropy with the increase of the flowrate. However, observation indicates that the heat exchangers with low flowrate of Al2O3 exhibits lowest entropy generation among the three different cases. The analysis is also noticed that as the mass flowrate of the nanofluid augments, the exergy efficiency declines. However, TiO2 nanofluid had the most exergy efficiency value with 69.35% comparing to the others.
Reduced Order Method Applied to Optimization of External Ballistics
Authors: Jaden Helm , Dhainaut Jean-Michel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study explores the application of Reduced Order Methods (ROM) in external ballistics, a domain traditionally less focused on than terminal ballistics. The primary objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of ROM in decreasing computational times during the design of modern Direct Fire Control Systems (DFCS). Through comparative analysis between traditional computational models and ROM-based models, this research highlights how ROM can streamline design processes and potentially enhance the development of DFCS. The findings underscore ROM’s potential to substantially advance the efficiency of solving 3-D ballistics problems, although its benefits are somewhat limited under constant atmospheric conditions during deployment. The paper aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of ROM’s capabilities, demonstrating its potential to significantly impact the rapid and cost-efficient advancement of ballistic systems in defense technology.
Optimizing Laser Cutting Parameters for Austenitic Stainless Steel: Insights From Gaussian Process Regression and Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: Atayo Asonganyi , Khan Talha , Nair Rajeev , Rahman Muhammad 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Laser cutting is a crucial subtractive manufacturing process employed across various industries, including healthcare, manufacturing, and semiconductors. This study aims to develop a predictive model for laser cutting of austenitic stainless steel using Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) and to rank the importance of cutting parameters through sensitivity analysis. The research focuses on understanding the influence of input parameters (laser speed, gas type, laser power, and laser focus distance) on output variables such as kerf width, heat-affected zones, and surface roughness. The methodology combines GPR, a nonparametric Bayesian approach ideal for small datasets, with variance-based sensitivity analysis. GPR employs radial-based function and Marten kernels for covariance functions, while sensitivity analysis utilizes first-order and total effect indices to evaluate the significance of input factors and their interactions. Preliminary findings indicate that laser power has the most substantial influence (85%) on the cutting process, followed by laser speed (10%) and laser focus distance (&lt; 5%). The study utilizes both experimental and computational data, analyzed using statistical and machine learning models implemented in Python. This research contributes to the optimization of laser cutting processes by identifying key parameters and their interactions. The findings have potential applications in improving cutting efficiency and quality across various industrial sectors. Future research could explore the integration of these insights into real-time process control systems and the extension of this methodology to other materials and laser cutting configurations.
A Novel Tesla-Type Valve to Reduce Dynamic Pressure Waves During High-Powered Rocket Ascent
Authors: Siewert Forest G. , Borgzinner Enrique M. , Armijo Adelina S. , O’Connor Dennis M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Across many industries, there is a commonplace need to prevent backflow within systems where often a traditional check-valve can suffice. For instance, water pumps have check-valves to prevent pressure loss of supply lines. However, as check-valves have mixed materials and moving parts, they introduce complexity which may have negative effects in some applications. When fluid pressure is oscillatory, these valves can resonate as described by the spring-mass-damper model. In certain aerospace applications this phenomenon can lead to catastrophic failure. This conciliatory “chatter” causes valves to break down and degrade rapidly, leading to leaks and stoppages. SpaceX’s dragon capsule oxidizer valve experienced a failure mode that caused the nominal combustion pressure. The pressure propagation from the chamber must be sufficiently diminished such that it will not reach up stream components. In this paper, we expand on the utility of Tesla-valves to target specific events and their associated frequencies of pressure waves. Considering harmonic oscillatory pressure, we investigate the effect of incrementally adjusted frequencies to demonstrate the validity of superposition to enhance diodicity in tesla valves. While a significant amount of research studies has examined steady-state flow in Tesla-valves, far less have considered transient pressure mitigation. As part of the 2024 Spaceport American Cup and Experimental Payload Challenge, our team is designing a Tesla-type valve to reduce internal dynamic pressures in components during takeoff. To complete the experiment, a theoretical prediction of performance will be compared to the actual pressure measurements experienced during launch. Longitudinal pressure waves within channel flow are introduced to model the manifestation of rocket motor vibrations reaching the experimental payload. Data from previous high-powered rocket launches and engine hot fires are used to Control these pressure models. By considering altered geometries of Tesla-type valves, the amplitude of frequency specific pressure waves is shown to be reduced. CFD analysis with modeled longitudinal waves are simulated to predict the effectiveness of the different geometries. Use of transient CFD calculations yield the difference between inlet and outlet pressures as a function of time. Assessed in our study is the attenuation of rocket motor dynamic pressures waves to the proposed Spaceport American Cup competition payload with implications for wide-reaching applications.
Parameters Optimization of Submerged Friction Stir Welding for Dissimilar Alloys AA2024 and AA7075
Authors: Velukkudi Santhanam Senthil Kumar , Gopal Karthikeyan , Kuppusamy Raman 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Friction stir welding (FSW) is a revolutionary material joining technique with significant advantages over traditional methods, such as eliminating hot cracking, porosity, and intermetallic layers. FSW is eco-friendly, producing no gas emissions, using minimal energy, and requiring no consumables. Submerged Friction Stir Welding (SFSW) further enhances these benefits by using an underwater environment, which improves cooling rates and material properties. This study focused on AA2024, used in aircraft wings and fuselages, and AA7075, used in space shuttle components. Various parameters were tested, including rotation speeds (800, 1200, and 1600 rpm), traversal speeds (45, 60, and 75 mm/min), and a constant water level of 20 mm. A square pin made of H13 steel with 48 HRC hardness was utilized to improve material flow. The maximum tensile strength recorded was 155 MPa at 1200 rpm, 60 mm/min traversal speed, and a 20 mm water head. The highest hardness value observed was 149 Hv at 1600 rpm and 75 mm/min traversal speed. Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) was performed to identify the optimal parameters for SFSW. The analysis determined that the ideal process parameters included a rotational speed of 1200 rpm and a traverse speed of 60 mm/min, yielding a joint efficiency of 57%.