bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response of metastatic recurrent neuroblastoma to nitisinone: A modulator of tyrosine metabolism
Authors: Kobrinsky Nathan L. , Sjolander Diane E. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractNitisinone blocks the tyrosine pathway and may be effective in treating neuroblastoma. A 33‐month‐old male with heavily treated metastatic, recurrent, N‐MYC amplified neuroblastoma received nitsinone (0.8 mg/kg/day escalated to 5.0 mg/kg/day). Dramatic tumor regression and resolution of pain without toxicity were observed. At 10 weeks, the tumor progressed. Nitisinone, low dose cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin subsequently produced a very good partial response. At 18 months the disease progressed. The child succumbed 21 months after starting nitisinone. Nitisinone produced an increase in tyrosine and catecholamine metabolite (HVA, VMA, and metanephrines) levels. Nitisinone may be a promising agent in metastatic neuroblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2006, 46:517–520. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bioartificial dextran and poly[ethylene‐co‐(vinyl alcohol)] hybrid sponges as support for proteins
Authors: Silvestri D , Barbani N , Ciardelli G , Bertoni F , Coluccio ML , Cristallini C , Giusti P 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA biological–synthetic hybrid material was prepared as a support for proteinic molecules. To control the conformational stability and ‘vitality’ of the entrapped compound, an enzyme, which catalyses a chemical reaction, was chosen. The physical immobilisation of α‐amylase on a novel biological–synthetic hybrid material was realised using a synthetic (poly[ethylene‐co‐(vinyl alcohol)]) and a biological (dextran) component. The supports were obtained in the form of porous sponges using the phase inversion process. The kinetic parameters of enzymatic hydrolysis of soluble starch were obtained by determining the maltose (reaction product) concentration in the test solution by a spectrophotometric method. A high amount of enzyme (10 and 15 mg per g of polymer matrix) was successfully entrapped in the polymer support and a rather good enzyme activity of entrapped α‐amylase and a constant activity for repeated use, compared with native α‐amylase, were observed. The results obtained clearly indicated that the bioartificial polymer sponges, showing an immobilisation of α‐amylase with maintenance of the catalytic function of the enzyme, can be used as suitable supports for proteins. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Benzoxazine–epoxy copolymers: effect of molecular weight and crosslinking on thermal and viscoelastic properties
Authors: Rao BS , Rajavardhana Reddy K , Pathak Sandeep K , Pasala AR 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBisphenol‐A‐based benzoxazine was copolymerized with epoxy and chain‐extended epoxies in order to study the effect of molecular weight on cured resin properties. Cure behaviour of the copolymers was studied using differential scanning calorimetry, which indicated a single exothermic curing peak at 248 °C. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis was used to study the viscoelastic properties of the cured resins. A decrease in tan δ peak position and an increase in storage modulus and tan δ peak height were observed due to chain extension. Higher char yield was observed for the copolymer chain extended with tetrabromobisphenol‐A. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Mechanical properties of epoxy resin/hydroxyl‐terminated polyester blends: effect of two‐phase structure
Authors: Liu Yimin , Zhang Weidong , Zhou Hongwei 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn this paper, the effect of two‐phase structure on the mechanism of rubber‐toughening of epoxy resins was studied. Three types of hydroxyl‐terminated polyesters with different molecular weights were synthesized in order to modify epoxy resins to obtain single‐phase (P‐1), critical phase separation (P‐2) and two‐phase (P‐3) structures. The results of dynamical mechanical analysis and scanning electron microscopy distinguished the dissolved and phase‐separated polyesters in the epoxy matrix. The P‐1 system showed the highest dissolved content of polyester in the epoxy matrix, while the P‐3 system exhibited the lowest content. Both dissolved and phase‐separated polyesters proved to be capable of increasing the toughness of modified epoxy resins. The phase‐separated polyester was found to contribute much more to the improvement of toughness. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis and microstructural characterisation of copolymers ofL‐lactide and trimethylene carbonate prepared using the SmI2/Sm initiator system
Authors: Agarwal Seema , Puchner Mario , Greiner Andreas , Wendorff Joachim H 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPolymerisation of trimethylene carbonate (TMC) and its copolymerisation withL‐lactide (LA) using the SmI2/Sm initiator system is reported. The reactions were carried out at different temperatures to optimize the reaction conditions. Reactivity ratio values evaluated using the Kelen–Tüdos method were 7.24 and 0.25 for LA and TMC, respectively. Microstructure of the copolymers and its change with the reaction time is reported using 1D (1H and13C) and 2D heteronuclear multiple‐bond correlation NMR spectroscopic techniques. Electrospinning of the resulting copolymers was tried for the generation of fibres. Drastic deviations of the thermodynamic state from equilibrium were seen in the first heating cycle of the DSC trace of the electrospun fibres and are also reported here. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Syntheses and electroluminescence properties of conjugated poly(p‐phenylene vinylene) derivatives bearing dendritic pendants
Authors: Tang Rupei , Chuai Yutao , Cheng Caixia , Xi Fu , Zou Dechun 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA series of new poly(p‐phenylene vinylene) derivatives with different dendritic pendants—poly{2‐[3′,5′‐bis(2″‐ethylhexyloxy)benzyloxy]‐1,4‐phenylenevinylene} (BE–PPV), poly{2‐[3′,5′‐bis(3″,7″‐dimethyl)octyloxy]‐1,4‐phenylenevinylene} (BD–PPV), poly(2‐{3′,5′‐bis[3″,5″‐bis(2‴‐ethylhexyloxy)benzyloxy]benzyloxy}‐1,4‐phenylenevinylene) (BBE–PPV), poly(2‐{3′,5′‐bis[3″,5″‐bis(3‴,7‴‐dimethyloctyloxy)benzyloxy]benzyloxy}‐1,4‐phenylenevinylene) (BBD–PPV), and poly[(2‐{3′,5′‐bis[3″,5″‐bis(2‴‐ethylhexyloxy)benzyloxy]benzyloxy}‐1,4‐phenylenevinylene)‐co‐(2‐{3′,5′‐bis[3″,5″‐bis(3‴,7‴‐dimethyloctyloxy)benzyloxy]benzyloxy}‐1,4‐phenylenevinylene)] (BBE‐co‐BBD–PPV; 1:1)—were successfully synthesized according to the Gilch route. The structures and properties of the monomers and the resulting conjugated polymers were characterized with 1H and 13C NMR, elemental analysis, gel permeation chromatography, thermogravimetric analysis, ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence, and electroluminescence spectroscopy. The obtained polymers possessed excellent solubility in common solvents and good thermal stability, with a 5% weight loss temperature of more than 328 °C. The weight‐average molecular weights and polydispersity indices of BE–PPV, BD–PPV, BBE–PPV, BBD–PPV, and BBE‐co‐BBD–PPV (1:1) were in the range of 1.33–2.28 × 105 and 1.35–1.53, respectively. Double‐layer light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) with the configuration of indium tin oxide/polymer/tris(8‐hydroxyquinoline) aluminum/Mg:Ag/Ag devices were fabricated, and they emitted green‐yellow light. The turn‐on voltages of BE–PPV, BD–PPV, BBE–PPV, BBD–PPV, and BBE‐co‐BBD–PPV (1:1) were approximately 5.6, 5.9, 5.5, 5.2, and 4.8 V, respectively. The LED devices of BE–PPV and BD–PPV possessed the highest electroluminescent performance; they exhibited maximum luminance with about 860 cd/m2 at 12.8 V and 651 cd/m2 at 13 V, respectively. The maximum luminescence efficiency of BE–PPV and BD–PPV was in the range of 0.37–0.40 cd/A. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 3126–3140, 2005
Dilatometric behavior and glass transition in a styrene‐acrylonitrile copolymer
Authors: Briatico‐Vangosa Francesco , Rink Marta 
Published: June 2005

AbstractEquilibrium and glass transition behavior of a styrene‐acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN) under different thermobaric histories were studied by means of a PVT dilatometer. Equilibrium behavior, as determined by isothermal and isobaric measurements, could be satisfactorily described using the Simha‐Somcynsky and Tait equations of state. Glass transition behavior depended upon the applied transformation path from the liquid‐equilibrium state to the glassy state. From isobaric cooling ramps performed at constant rate and at several pressures, it was possible to determine the glass transition temperature and its dependence upon pressure; whereas from isothermal compressions at various temperatures, it was possible to determine a glass transition pressure and its temperature dependence. Both the dependences were linear, and a correlation was observed between the slopes of the fitting lines. A possible interpretation of this correlation is provided in terms of free volume determined at the glass transition point by applying the Simha‐Somcynsky theory. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 1904–1913, 2005
A qualitative exploration of the cancer experience among long‐term survivors: comparisons by cancer type, ethnicity, gender, and age
Authors: Foley Kristie Long , Farmer Deborah F. , Petronis Vida M. , Smith Roselyn G. , McGraw Sarah , Smith Kevin , Carver Charles S. , Avis Nancy 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBackground: To elucidate meanings ascribed to the cancer experience by long‐term survivors.Methods: Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 58 cancer survivors (>15 years post‐diagnosis). Respondents described how cancer affected their quality of life (QOL) generally and in 17 domains. Systematic content analyses were conducted to extract themes relating to meanings assigned to the cancer experience. Themes were analyzed by cancer type, gender, and age and confirmed using quantitative assessments of self‐rated health and QOL.Results: Four themes were identified: Personal Growth, That's Life. Relinquishing Control, and Resentment. Women more frequently acknowledged Personal Growth, and men more often indicated minimal impact on their lives (That's Life). Older survivors were disproportionately classified as That's Life and younger survivors as Personal Growth. No differences were observed by cancer type or ethnicity. Those who saw cancer as personal growth had the highest QOL, while those who resented cancer had the lowest QOL.Conclusions: Most long‐term survivors retrospectively report that cancer either positively influenced their lives or had little long‐term impact. Those who express Resentment report that pain, physical deformities, and social isolation significantly reduced their QOL. This qualitative study highlights how cancer survivors incorporate the cancer experience within their overall lives. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patupilone (epothilone B, EPO906) inhibits growth and metastasis of experimental prostate tumors in vivo
Authors: O'Reilly Terence , McSheehy Paul Michael John , Wenger Fritz , Hattenberger Marc , Muller Melanie , Vaxelaire Juliane , Altmann Karl‐Heinz , Wartmann Markus 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDMicrotubule agents appear promising for the treatment of prostate cancer. Patupilone (epothilone B), a highly potent non‐taxane microtubule stabilizing agent, was evaluated in models of androgen‐independent prostate cancer.METHODSPatupilone was administered to athymic mice bearing human prostate cancer xenografts (subcutaneous DU 145 and PC‐3M, orthotopic PC‐3M).RESULTSOne 4 mg/kg patupilone administration produced transient regression of DU 145 tumors, while two weekly administrations of 2.5 mg/kg produced stable disease followed by protracted regression, however with more pronounced body weight loss. Taxol® (15 mg/kg every other day) weakly inhibited tumor growth, but with less body weight loss. Patupilone (5 mg/kg) produced protracted growth inhibition of subcutaneous PC‐3M tumors, with transient body weight loss. In mice with orthotopic PC‐3M tumors, 4 or 5 mg/kg/week patupilone impaired primary tumor growth, abrogated metastases and enhanced survival, with only transient body weight loss.CONCLUSIONSThese data suggest that patupilone holds promise for prostate cancer treatment. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and biological characterization of human monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP‐1) and its analogs
Authors: Kruszynski Marian , Stowell Nicole , Das Anuk , Seideman Jonathan , Tsui Ping , Brigham‐Burke Michael , Nemeth Jennifer F. , Sweet Raymond , Heavner George A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractNovel analogs of human monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP‐1) were designed, synthesized and characterized to be used as tools to generate monoclonal antibodies as potential human therapeutics. MCP‐1 and three analogs were synthesized by step‐wise Fmoc solid phase synthesis. After oxidation to form the two‐disulfide bonds, affinity chromatography using an immobilized mouse anti‐human MCP‐1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) was utilized for a simple and highly effective purification procedure for the proteins. The final products were extensively characterized and compared with recombinant human MCP‐1 (rhMCP‐1). All proteins showed identical binding with mouse anti‐human MCP‐1 mAbs as measured by surface plasmon resonance. Synthetic MCP‐1 and the analogs were comparable to recombinant MCP‐1 in competition radio‐ligand binding to CCR2 receptors on THP‐1 cells, and MCP‐1‐induced, calcium mobilization and chemotaxis assays. Copyright © 2005 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, liposomal formulation and thermal effects on phospholipid bilayers of leuprolide
Authors: Saroglou V. , Hatziantoniou S. , Smyrniotakis M. , Kyrikou I. , Mavromoustakos T. , Zompra A. , Magafa V. , Cordopatis P. , Demetzos C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA novel liposomal formulation was developed for the encapsulation of the oligopeptide leuprolide (GlpHisTrpSerTyr‐D‐LeuLeuArgProNHEt), a potent analogue of gonadotropin releasing hormone used in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer, endometriosis and precocious puberty. Leuprolide was synthesized using solid phase methodology on a {3‐[(ethyl‐Fmoc‐amino)‐methyl]‐1‐indol‐1‐yl}‐acetyl AM resin and Fmoc/tBu chemistry. The new liposomal formulation, called ‘liposomes in liposomes’ is composed of egg phosphatidylcholine:dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol in a molar ratio of 98.91:1.09 (internal liposomes) and egg phosphatidylcholine:dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol:cholesterol in a molar ratio of 68.71:0.76:30.53 (external liposomes). It offers high encapsulation efficiency (73.8% for leuprolide); it can provide new delivery characteristics and it may have possible advantages in future applications regarding the encapsulation and delivery of bioactive peptides to target tissues. Furthermore, the physicochemical characteristics (size distribution and ζ‐potential) of the liposomal formulations and the thermal effects on leuprolide in model lipidic bilayers composed of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine were studied using differential scanning calorimetry. Finally, the dynamic effects of leuprolide in an egg phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol system were examined using solid state 13C MAS NMR spectroscopy. Copyright © 2005 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of a memory enhancing peptide on cognitive abilities of brain‐lesioned mice: additivity with huperzine A and relative potency to tacrine
Authors: Xu Zhiwen , Zheng Hui , Law Sek Lun , Dong So Donna , Han Yifan , Xue Hong 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementing disorders having cognitive manifestations represent an increasing threat to public health. In the present study, the effects of a memory enhancing NLPR tetra‐peptide (MEP), huperzine A (Hup A), or a combination of the two on the cognitive abilities of brain‐lesioned mice were evaluated and compared with tacrine in the passive avoidance and $\font\ss=cmss10 scaled 1000 \hbox{\ss Y}$‐water maze tests for the acquisition and retention aspects of cognitive functions. MEP at µg kg−1 doses, and Hup A or tacrine at mg kg−1 doses significantly reversed the cognition deficits induced by scopolamine. For acquisition ability, it was observed that mice administered with MEP (4.0 µg kg−1) spent less time escaping onto the platform in the water maze than those treated with tacrine (1.5 mg kg−1); whereas for memory retention, tacrine‐administration resulted in a higher step‐through latency in mice at the tested dose regime. In addition, co‐administration of MEP (2.0 µg kg−1) and Hup A (0.1 mg kg−1) exhibited an additive effect resulting in considerable improvements in both acquisition and retention abilities of brain‐lesioned mice. The results demonstrated that MEP was highly efficient in the rescue of cognitive abilities of brain‐lesioned mice and in particular, the effective doses of MEP were about two orders of magnitude lower than that of tacrine, a therapeutic currently used in the treatment of AD. Moreover, MEP and Hup A were effective at reduced doses when the two were co‐administered, providing a rationale for their combined usage in the treatment of cognitive deficits. Copyright © 2005 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conformational analysis of human calcitonin in solution
Authors: Ogawa Kiyoshi , Nishimura Shigenori , Doi Masamitsu , Takashima Hiroyuki , Nishi Yoshinori , Yoshida Takuya , Ohkubo Tadayasu , Kobayashi Yuji 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe solution conformation of human calcitonin in a mixture of 60% water and 40% trifluoroethanol has been determined by the combined use of 1H NMR spectroscopy and distance geometry calculations with a distributed computing technique. 1H NMR spectroscopy provided 195 distance constraints and 13 hydrogen bond constraints. The 20 best converged structures exhibit atomic rmsd of 0.43 Å for the backbone atoms from the averaged coordinate position in the region of Asn3—Phe22. The conformation is characterized by a nearly amphiphilic α‐helix domain that extends from Leu4 in the cyclic region to His20. There are no significant differences observed among the overall structures of a series of calcitonins obtained from ultimobranchial bodies, including those that possess 20‐ to 50‐fold greater activity. Three aromatic amino acid residues, Tyr12, Phe16 and Phe19, form a hydrophobic surface of human calcitonin. Bulky side chains on the surface could interfere with the ligand–receptor interaction thereby causing its low activity, relative to those of other species. Copyright © 2005 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of a novel conformationally restricted Val‐Phe dipeptidomimetic
Authors: Gilleron Pauline , Millet Régis , Domarkas Juozas , Farce Amaury , Houssin Raymond , Hénichart Jean‐Pierre 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA method for the synthesis of (3(R,S),6S,11b(R,S))‐1,3,4,6,7,11b‐hexahydro‐4‐oxo‐3‐phthalimidopyrido[2,1‐a]isoquinoline‐6‐carboxylic acid 2 as a new conformationally restricted dipeptidomimetic of Val‐Phe is reported. It involved cyclisation via an intramolecular electrophilic addition at the reactive bridgehead carbon. This new scaffold can be used as a building block in the preparation of libraries of peptidomimetics. Copyright © 2005 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A simplified model to calculate the higher surface energy of free‐standing nanocrystals
Authors: Xie Dan , Wang Mingpu , Cao Lingfei 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA simple but valid equation for the higher surface energies of metallic nanocrystals is obtained. The calculated values on surface energies of Ag and Au nanocrystals are in excellent agreement with the corresponding newest experimental values. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Doxycycline, the drug used to control the tet‐regulatable promoter system, has no effect on global gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Wishart Jill A. , Hayes Andrew , Wardleworth Leanne , Zhang Nianshu , Oliver Stephen G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe tet‐regulatable promoter system is commonly used for genetic studies in many eukaryotic organisms. The promoter is regulated using doxycycline. There are no obvious phenotypic effects observed when doxycycline is added to the growth medium of yeast to control expression from the promoter. It is widely accepted that doxycycline is innocuous to yeast. Global genetic studies are now commonplace and the tetO‐system is being used in transcriptome studies. Hence, we wanted to ensure that the absence of phenotypic effects, on addition of doxycycline to the growth medium, is mirrored in transcriptome data. We have demonstrated that doxycycline has no significant effect on global transcription levels and will continue to use the tetO‐regulatable promoter system for genetic studies. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mammalian transcription activation domains of VP16, AP2 and CTF activate transcription in a whole cell extract from Schizosaccharomyces pombe through the SRB/mediator
Authors: Tamayo Evelyn , Bernal Giuliano , Maldonado Edio 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe acidic‐rich activation domain of VP16 and the proline‐rich activation domains of human AP2 and human CTF are able to activate transcription in a whole cell extract from Schizosaccharomyces pombe, whereas the glutamine‐rich domains of Sp1 and Oct2 are unable to activate transcription in this system. Immunodepletion experiments of the whole cell extracts using specific antibodies against pombe TAF110, pombe TAF 72, pombe TBP and Srb4 shows that the activation of transcription by VP16, AP2 and CTF is through the mediator, since depletion of Srb4 inhibits activated transcription but does not inhibit basal transcription. Immunodepletion of TBP causes inhibition of both activated and basal transcription. On the other hand, immunodepletion of TAFs does not have an effect on either activated or basal transcription. Purified RNA polymerase holoenzyme is able to rescue the transcriptional activation activity of the anti‐Srb4 immunodepleted extract. Moreover, we demonstrate that the mediator is needed for basal transcription of a TATA‐less promoter. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An extracellular lipase from the dimorphic yeast Arxula adeninivorans: molecular cloning of the ALIP1 gene and characterization of the purified recombinant enzyme
Authors: Böer Erik , Mock Hans Peter , Bode Rüdiger , Gellissen Gerd , Kunze Gotthard 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe lipase‐encoding Arxula adeninivorans ALIP1 gene was isolated using fragments of lipase isolates obtained by trypsin digestion for the definition of oligonucleotide primers in a PCR screening approach. The gene harbours an ORF of 1347 bp encoding a 420 amino acid protein of some 50 kDa preceded by an N‐terminal 28 prepro‐secretion sequence. The deduced amino acid sequence was found to be similar to the lipases from Candida albicans and C. parapsilosis (34–38% identity) and more distantly related to other lipases. The sequence contains the consensus pentapeptide motif (–Gly–X–Ser–X–Gly–) that forms a part of the interfacial lipid recognition site in lipases. The expression of the gene is regulated by carbon source. In media supplemented with Tween 20, induction of the ALIP1 gene and accumulation of the encoded lipase in the medium is observed, thus demonstrating gene regulation by lipophilic compounds. The enzyme characteristics are analysed from isolates of native strains as well as from those of recombinant strains expressing the ALIP1 gene under control of the strong A. adeninivorans‐derived TEF1 promoter. For both proteins a molecular mass of 100 kDa was determined, indicating a dimeric structure, a pH optimum at pH 7.5 and a temperature optimum at 30 °C. The enzyme hydrolyses all ester bonds in all triglyceride substrates tested. Middle‐sized chain fatty acids are more efficiently hydrolysed than short‐ and long‐chain fatty acids, with the highest activity on C8/C10 fatty acid esters pNP‐caprylate, pNP‐caprate and tricaprylin. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.