bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral Acitretin Plus Topical Triamcinolone vs Topical Triamcinolone Monotherapy in Patients With Symptomatic Oral Lichen Planus
Authors: Vinay Keshavamurthy , Kumar Sheetanshu , Dev Anubha , Cazzaniga Simone , Borradori Luca , Thakur Vishal , Dogra Sunil 
Published: December 2023

ImportanceSymptomatic oral lichen planus (OLP) can be challenging to treat.ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy of oral acitretin plus topical triamcinolone acetonide (TAC), 0.1%, with TAC monotherapy in patients with symptomatic OLP.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis monocentric, investigator-initiated, placebo-controlled, investigator- and patient-blinded randomized clinical trial was conducted from December 2018 to June 2020 at the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, a tertiary referral center in Chandigarh, India. Sixty-four patients 18 years or older with symptomatic OLP were recruited by consecutive sampling. Data were analyzed from July to December 2020.InterventionThe patients were randomized to receive either a combination of oral acitretin (25-35 mg/d) and TAC (treatment group) or TAC in combination with placebo (placebo group) for 28 weeks, with an additional 8 weeks of treatment-free follow-up after the end of treatment (36 weeks of total study duration).Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe disease severity and treatment response were assessed using Oral Disease Severity Score (ODSS), Oral Health Impact Profile 14 (OHIP-14), and visual analog scale (VAS). The primary aim was to assess the number of patients achieving ODSS-75 (75% reduction in ODSS compared with baseline) in both groups at 28 weeks and at the end of 36 weeks.ResultsAmong 64 patients, 31 in the treatment group and 30 in the placebo group completed the study (mean [SD] age, 50.6 [15.2] years vs 49.2 [14.4] years; male-female ratio, 13:19 vs 16:16). Baseline ODSS, visual analog scale, and Oral Health Impact Profile 14 scores were comparable in both groups. In the intention-to-treat analysis, there was a statistically significant higher number of patients achieving 75% or higher reduction in ODSS in the treatment group compared with the placebo group at the end of 28 weeks (28 [88%] vs 15 [47%], a 41 [95% CI, 20-61] percentage point difference between groups; P &amp;lt; .001; Cramér V = 0.47) and 36 weeks (27 [84%] vs 13 [41%], a 43 [95% CI, 23-67] percentage point difference between groups; P &amp;lt; .001; Cramér V = 0.47). Relapses during the posttreatment follow-up of 8 weeks were low among patients in both treatment and placebo groups (1 [3%] vs 2 [6%], a 3 [95% CI, −13 to 7] percentage point difference between groups; P &amp;gt; .99; Cramér V = 0.07).Conclusion and RelevanceIn this randomized clinical trial, the combination of oral acitretin and TAC was more effective than TAC monotherapy in patients with symptomatic OLP.Trial RegistrationClinical Trial Registry of India Identifier: CTRI/2018/11/016448
Treatment of Severe Palmoplantar Pustular Psoriasis With Bimekizumab
Authors: Passeron Thierry , Perrot Jean-Luc , Jullien Denis , Goujon Catherine , Ruer Mireille , Boyé Thierry , Villani Axel P. , Quiles Tsimaratos Nathalie 
Published: December 2023

ImportancePalmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) and palmoplantar plaque psoriasis with pustules remain challenging to treat. Studies suggest that an interleukin 17 or interleukin 36 loop acts synergistically in these diseases to induce palmoplantar pustules.ObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness of bimekizumab in treating PPP and palmoplantar plaque psoriasis with pustules.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis case series involved 21 adults with PPP (11 patients) or palmoplantar plaque psoriasis with pustules (10 patients) treated at 1 of 7 tertiary dermatological centers in France from September 2022 through June 2023. All patients treated with bimekizumab for at least 3 months were included in the analyses.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome was the posttreatment Investigator Global Assessment (IGA), scored as 0 (complete clearance), 1 (almost clear), 2 (mild), 3 (moderate), or 4 (severe). When relevant, evolution of joint pain and nail involvement was reported. Tolerance and potential adverse events were noted.ResultsA total of 21 patients (mean [range] age, 46 [24-68] years; 19 females) were included. Eleven patients had isolated PPP, and 10 had palmoplantar plaque psoriasis with pustules. All of them, except 2 who received bimekizumab as first systemic therapy, had not responded to at least 1 systemic treatment (median [range], 3 [1-7] treatments), and/or had adverse events leading to the discontinuation of the treatment. Complete clearance (IGA score, 0) was achieved by 17 patients in 1 to 4 months. Three patients achieved an IGA score of 1, and 1 achieved an IGA score of 2. Three patients with PPP also presented with acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau. Nail involvement showed 50% to 70% improvement after 4 to 6 months of bimekizumab treatment for these 3 patients. Two patients had SAPHO (synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, osteitis) syndrome; both had complete clearance of skin lesions associated with joint pain improvement. Four patients (19%) with candidiasis were successfully treated with oral antifungal agents. None of the patients had to stop bimekizumab treatment due to adverse events.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this case series suggest that bimekizumab could be an appealing approach for treating PPP, palmoplantar plaque psoriasis with pustules, and SAPHO syndrome. Prospective randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials are needed to confirm these encouraging initial results.
Liver Transplant as a Treatment of Primary and Secondary Liver Neoplasms
Authors: Gorji Leva , Brown Zachary J. , Limkemann Ashley , Schenk Austin D. , Pawlik Timothy M. 
Published: December 2023

ImportanceLiver malignancies are an increasing global health concern with a high mortality. We review outcomes following liver transplant for primary and secondary hepatic malignancies.ObservationsTransplant may be a suitable treatment option for primary and secondary hepatic malignancies in well-selected patient populations.Conclusions and RelevanceMany patients with primary or secondary liver tumors are not eligible for liver resection because of advanced underlying liver disease or high tumor burden, precluding complete tumor clearance. Although liver transplant has been a long-standing treatment modality for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, recently transplant has been considered for patients with other malignant diagnoses. In particular, while well-established for hepatocellular carcinoma and select patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma, transplant has been increasingly used to treat patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, as well as metastatic disease from colorectal liver and neuroendocrine primary tumors. Because of the limited availability of grafts and the number of patients on the waiting list, optimal selection criteria must be further defined. The ethics of organ allocation to individuals who may benefit from prolonged survival after transplant yet have a high incidence of recurrence, as well as the role of living donation, need to be further discerned in the setting of transplant oncology.
Analyzing Surgical Technique in Diverse Open Surgical Videos With Multitask Machine Learning
Authors: Goodman Emmett D. , Patel Krishna K. , Zhang Yilun , Locke William , Kennedy Chris J. , Mehrotra Rohan , Ren Stephen , Guan Melody , Zohar Orr , Downing Maren , Chen Hao Wei , Clark Jevin Z. , Berrigan Margaret T. , Brat Gabriel A. , Yeung-Levy Serena 
Published: December 2023

ObjectiveTo overcome limitations of open surgery artificial intelligence (AI) models by curating the largest collection of annotated videos and to leverage this AI-ready data set to develop a generalizable multitask AI model capable of real-time understanding of clinically significant surgical behaviors in prospectively collected real-world surgical videos.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe study team programmatically queried open surgery procedures on YouTube and manually annotated selected videos to create the AI-ready data set used to train a multitask AI model for 2 proof-of-concept studies, one generating surgical signatures that define the patterns of a given procedure and the other identifying kinematics of hand motion that correlate with surgeon skill level and experience. The Annotated Videos of Open Surgery (AVOS) data set includes 1997 videos from 23 open-surgical procedure types uploaded to YouTube from 50 countries over the last 15 years. Prospectively recorded surgical videos were collected from a single tertiary care academic medical center. Deidentified videos were recorded of surgeons performing open surgical procedures and analyzed for correlation with surgical training.ExposuresThe multitask AI model was trained on the AI-ready video data set and then retrospectively applied to the prospectively collected video data set.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAnalysis of open surgical videos in near real-time, performance on AI-ready and prospectively collected videos, and quantification of surgeon skill.ResultsUsing the AI-ready data set, the study team developed a multitask AI model capable of real-time understanding of surgical behaviors—the building blocks of procedural flow and surgeon skill—across space and time. Through principal component analysis, a single compound skill feature was identified, composed of a linear combination of kinematic hand attributes. This feature was a significant discriminator between experienced surgeons and surgical trainees across 101 prospectively collected surgical videos of 14 operators. For each unit increase in the compound feature value, the odds of the operator being an experienced surgeon were 3.6 times higher (95% CI, 1.67-7.62; P = .001).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this observational study, the AVOS-trained model was applied to analyze prospectively collected open surgical videos and identify kinematic descriptors of surgical skill related to efficiency of hand motion. The ability to provide AI-deduced insights into surgical structure and skill is valuable in optimizing surgical skill acquisition and ultimately improving surgical care.
Super‐Resolution Microscopy Unveils Synergistic Structural Changes of Organelles Upon Point Mutation
Authors: Anjum Farhan , Kaushik Kush , Salam Abdul , Yadav Aditya , Nandi Chayan Kanti 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEthyl methanesulphonate (EMS), is a widely used chemical mutagen that causes high‐frequency germline null mutation by inserting an alkyl group into the nucleotide guanine in eukaryotic cells. The effect of EMS on the dynamics of the aneuploid genome, increased cellular instability, and carcinogenicity in relation to benign and malignant tumors are reported, but the molecular level understanding of morphological changes of higher‐order chromatin structure has poorly been understood. This is due to a lack of sufficient resolution in conventional microscopic techniques to see small structures below the diffraction limit. Here, using super‐resolution radial fluctuation, a largely fragmented, decompaction, and less dense heterochromatin structure upon EMS treatment to HEK 293A cells without any change in nuclear DNA domains is observed. This result suggests an early stage of carcinogenicity happened due to the point mutation. In addition, the distinct structural changes with an elongated morphology of lysosomes are also observed. On the other hand, fragmented and increased heterogeneous populations with an increased cytoplasmic occupancy of mitochondria are observed.
Chiral Nanographene‐Based Near‐Infrared Fluorophore with Self‐Blinking Properties
Authors: Xu Xiushang , Yang Qiqi , Zhao Hao , Vasylevskyi Serhii , Bonn Mischa , Liu Xiaomin , Narita Akimitsu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNear‐infrared (NIR) fluorophores are highly desirable for super‐resolution fluorescence microscopy; however, their optical properties are typically relatively poor, with low photo‐intensity (mean photon number below 1000), and unfavorably high on‐off blinking duty cycle. In this work, the synthesis and characterization of tetrabenzodinaphthopyranthren (TBDNP) derivative as a novel nanographene that exhibits NIR emission in the range of 800–1000 nm with a photoluminescence quantum yield of 14% are reported. TBDNP demonstrated excellent self‐blinking properties, in particular, mean photon number of >3000 and a low on–off‐duty cycle (≈10−4), which are superior to reported NIR dyes, and can be successfully employed for the NIR super‐resolution imaging. Moreover, TBDNP serves also as a chiral fluorophore, showing notable chiroptical activities from 300 to 850 nm with a high dissymmetry factor (gabs) of 0.032 at 574 nm.
Passivating SnZn Defect and Optimizing Energy Level Alignment via Organic Silicon Salt Incorporation toward Efficient Solution‐Processed CZTSSe Solar Cells
Authors: Qi Yafang , Wei Na , Li Yang , Kou Dongxing , Zhou Wenhui , Zhou Zhengji , Meng Yuena , Yuan Shengjie , Han Litao , Wu Sixin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe SnZn defect passivation and heterojunction interface energetics‐modification are crucial for further improvement of open‐circuit voltage (Voc) and efficiency of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) solar cells. Herein, a simple but effective cation substitution strategy is reported to promote the performance of CZTSSe devices by simultaneously modifying the absorber and heterojunction interface. This is achieved by introducing the organic silicon salt C8H20O4Si into CZTSSe precursor solution as a source of silicon to partially substitute Sn with Si. Systematic studies reveal that there are two mechanisms synergistically contributing to the increase of efficiency: 1) This strategy can passivate the undesired SnZn defect in CZTSSe absorber more efficiently, leading to at least one order of magnitude lower SnZn defect density and beneficial carrier transport properties; 2) After Si incorporation, the conduction band minimum of the CZTSSe is upshifted, thus enlarging the bandgap, which ultimately optimizes the energy level structure at the CdS/CZTSSe interface and reduces interfacial energy loss by decreasing the carrier transport barrier. Consequently, the CZTSSe device with 7% Si substitution delivers a satisfactory efficiency of 13.02% owing to an increase in Voc. It is hoped the Si substitution strategy reported here can provide inspiration for developing advanced CZTSSe devices with broad application prospects.
Theoretical Basis of Biomimetic Flexible Piezoelectric Acoustic Sensors for Future Customized Auditory Systems
Authors: Jung Young Hoon , An Jaehun , Hyeon Dong Yeol , Wang Hee Seung , Kim Ingon , Jeong Chang Kyu , Park Kwi‐Il , Lee Pooi See , Lee Keon Jae 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFlexible piezoelectric sensors have been spotlighted as an essential human–machine interface (HMI) by obtaining high‐quality data from omnipresent biomechanical inputs. Because human voice is the most intuitive bio‐signal among them, flexible piezoelectric acoustic sensors (f‐PAS) have a potential to shift the paradigm of HMI technologies. Despite the reported outstanding performance such as high sensitivity and speaker recognition accuracy, the theoretical investigation of f‐PAS has been insufficient to realize future customized development, because sensing principles are fundamentally different from commercialized microphones. Here, a theoretical framework of self‐powered f‐PAS by using mechanical and electrical physics is introduced. First of all, the basic theory of f‐PAS is compared with the auditory system of human cochlear. Based on the biomimetic trapezoidal shape, the resonant frequencies are analyzed with various structural and material conditions. In addition, the piezoelectricity of f‐PAS is derived to predict the sensitivity and SNR prior to experiments. To investigate sensor properties under the medium condition that is similar to human ear, the acoustic responses depending on the states of matter are theoretically compared. Finally, the distance limit of f‐PAS is studied with the correlations between piezoelectricity and sound pressure, which would provide novel strategies of functional material design for future applications of f‐PAS.
Highly Soluble TEMPO‐Viologen Bipolar Molecule for Ultra‐Stable Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Wang Liwen , Huang Mingbao , Wan Kai , Fu Zhiyong , Xiang Zhipeng , Liang Zhenxing 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBipolar redox‐active organic molecule (BROM) is a feasible strategy to address the cross‐contamination issue of the electrolyte and, thus, improve the stability of the flow battery. Herein, a highly‐soluble BROM is developed by combining the 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO) and viologen moieties, and extensive characterizations are performed to evaluate its applicability in flow battery. Salient findings are as follows. First, the compound, viz. 1‐(1‐oxyl‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐4‐yl)‐1′‐(3‐(trimethylammonio)propyl)‐4,4′‐bipyridinium trichloride ((TPABPy)Cl3), features highly hydrophilic groups and yields a high aqueous solubility of 1.76 m. Second, the electrochemical result reveals that the (TPABPy)Cl3 displays two pairs of highly reversible peaks at −0.56 and 0.76 V, which respectively correspond to the viologen and TEMPO moieties. The electronic structure during the redox reactions is identified by both the density functional theory calculation and the electron paramagnetic resonance. Third, the flow battery fed with the 1.0 m (TPABPy)Cl3 solution delivers a high capacity of 25 Ah L−1 and a superior stability over the non‐bipolar counterparts. More to the point, the capacity decay can be effectively recovered by applying the polarity‐inversion rebalance strategy on the BROM. In summary, this work provides a molecular engineering way to rationally design a BROM to improve the capacity and stability of aqueous organic redox flow batteries.
Monolithic High Contrast Grating Integrated with Metal: Infrared Electrode with Exceptionally High Conductivity and Transmission
Authors: Ekielski Marek , Głowadzka Weronika , Bogdanowicz Karolina , Rygała Michał , Mikulicz Monika , Śpiewak Patrycja , Kowalski Marcin , Gębski Marcin , Motyka Marcin , Szerling Anna , Czyszanowski Tomasz 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe design of transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) for optoelectronic devices requires a trade‐off between high conductivity and transmittivity, limiting their efficiency. This paper demonstrates the best ever achieved TCEs with the novel approach to fabricating TCEs that effectively alleviates this trade‐off: a monolithic high contrast grating integrated with metal (metalMHCG). The metalMHCG enables higher electrical conductivity than other TCEs, while providing transmissive and antireflective properties. It focuses on infrared spectrum TCEs, which are essential for sensing, thermal imaging, and automotive applications. However, due to elevated free carrier absorption, they are much more demanding than TCEs for the visible spectrum. It demonstrates a record 75% absolute transmittiance of unpolarized light, resulting in a record 108% transmittance relative to plain GaAs substrate. It achieves even larger absolute transmittance of polarized light, reaching 92% or 133% relative transmittance. Despite the record high transmittance, the sheet resistance of the metalMHCG is the best ever reported, several times lower than any other TCE, ranging from 0.5 to 1 Ω Sq−1.
Early‐Responsive Immunoregulation Therapy Improved Microenvironment for Bone Regeneration Via Engineered Extracellular Vesicles
Authors: Lu Tingwei , Liu Yuanqi , Huang Xiangru , Sun Siyuan , Xu Hongyuan , Jin Anting , Wang Xinyu , Gao Xin , Liu Jingyi , Zhu Yanfei , Dai Qinggang , Wang Chao , Lin Kaili , Jiang Lingyong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOveractivated inflammatory reactions hinder the bone regeneration process. Timely transformation of microenvironment from pro‐inflammatory to anti‐inflammatory after acute immune response is favorable for osteogenesis. Macrophages play an important role in the immune response to inflammation. Therefore, this study adopts TIM3 high expression extracellular vesicles (EVs) with immunosuppressive function to reshape the early immune microenvironment of bone injury, mainly by targeting macrophages. These EVs can be phagocytosed by macrophages, thereby increasing the infiltration of TIM3‐positive macrophages (TIM3+ macrophages) and M2 subtypes. The TIM3+ macrophage group has some characteristics of M2 macrophages and secretes cytokines, such as IL‐10 and TGF‐β1 to regulate inflammation. TIM3, which is highly expressed in the engineered EVs, mediates the release of anti‐inflammatory cytokines by inhibiting the p38/MAPK pathway and promotes osseointegration by activating the Bmp2 promoter to enhance macrophage BMP2 secretion. After evenly loading the engineered EVs into the hydrogel, the continuous and slow release of EVsTIM3OE recruits more anti‐inflammatory macrophages during the early stages of bone defect repair, regulating the immune microenvironment and eliminating the adverse effects of excessive inflammation. In summary, this study provides a new strategy for the treatment of refractory wounds through early inflammation control.
Ultrasensitive Soft Sensor from Anisotropic Conductive Biphasic Liquid Metal‐Polymer Gels
Authors: Peng Yan , Peng Hao , Chen Zixun , Zhang Jiuyang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSubtle vibrations, such as sound and ambient noises, are common mechanical waves that can transmit energy and signals for modern technologies such as robotics and health management devices. However, soft electronics cannot accurately distinguish ultrasmall vibrations owing to their extremely small pressure, complex vibration waveforms, and high noise susceptibility. This study successfully recognizes signals from subtle vibrations using a highly flexible anisotropic conductive gel (ACG) based on biphasic liquid metals. The relationships between the anisotropic structure, subtle vibrations, and electrical performance are investigated using rheological–electrical experiments. The refined anisotropic design successfully realized low‐cost flexible electronics with ultrahigh sensitivity (Gauge Factor: 12787), extremely low detection limit (strain: 0.01%), and excellent frequency recognition accuracy (>99%), significantly surpassing those of current flexible sensors. The ultrasensitive flexible electronics in this study are beneficial for diverse advanced technologies such as acoustic engineering, wearable electronics, and intelligent robotics.
Synthesis of Newly Discovered Carbon Nanoframes: A Self‐Assembly Strategy Based on DTAB @ NaCl
Authors: Du Bingxuan , Li Haichao , Zhang Conglin , Ji Qingsong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCarbon nanomaterials have attracted much attention in the field of science and technology for their excellent properties; however, developing a simple, environmentally friendly, and versatile synthesis strategy for the preparation of carbon nanomaterials with novel structures remains a great challenge. Herein, a surfactant @ salt (dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide DTAB @ NaCl) self‐assembly strategy for the synthesis of carbon nanomaterials with novel structures, i.e., carbon nanoframes is reported. The synthesis differs from the traditional template method in that it is characterized by the introduction of surfactants for separation and protection, and the salt can be recycled. In addition, the carbon frame size in this system can be adjusted on demand by simply adjusting the concentration of surfactant, thus realizing that the carbon nanoframe size is adjustable in the range of 232.58–322.51 nm. Impressively, the carbon nanoframe has purple, blue, and green PL emission behavior. It is anticipated that this research will provide new insights into the development of novel carbon nanomaterials.