bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic and predictive impact of metastatic organ involvement on maintenance therapy in advanced metastatic colorectal cancer: Subgroup analysis of patients treated within the PanaMa trial (AIO KRK 0212)
Authors: Sommerhäuser Greta , Karthaus Meinolf , Kurreck Annika , Ballhausen Alexej , Meyer‐Knees Johanna W. , Fruehauf Stefan , Graeven Ullrich , Mueller Lothar , Koenig Alexander O. , Weikersthal Ludwig Fischer V. , Goekkurt Eray , Haas Siegfried , Stahler Arndt , Heinemann Volker , Held Swantje , Alig Annabel H. S. , Kasper‐Virchow Stefan , Stintzing Sebastian , Trarbach Tanja , Modest Dominik P. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDespite molecular selection, patients (pts) with RAS wildtype mCRC represent a heterogeneous population including diversity in metastatic spread. We investigated metastatic patterns for their prognostic and predictive impact on maintenance therapy with 5‐fluorouracil/folinic acid ± panitumumab. The study population was stratified according to (1) number of involved metastatic sites (single vs multiple organ metastasis), liver‐limited disease vs (2) liver metastasis plus one additional site, and (3) vs liver metastasis plus ≥two additional sites. Kaplan‐Meier method and Cox regressions were used to correlate efficacy endpoints. Single organ metastasis was observed in 133 pts (53.6%) with 102 pts (41.1%) presenting with liver‐limited disease, while multiple organ metastases were reported in 114 pts (46.0). Multiple compared to single organ metastases were associated with less favorable PFS (HR 1.48, 95% CI 1.13‐1.93; P = .004) and OS (HR 1.37, 95% CI 0.98‐1.93; P = .068) of maintenance therapy. While metastatic spread involving one additional extrahepatic site was not associated with clearly impaired survival compared to liver‐limited disease, pts with liver metastasis plus ≥two additional sites demonstrated less favorable PFS (HR 1.92, 95% CI 1.30‐2.83; P < .001), and OS (HR 2.38, 95% CI 1.51‐3.76; P < .001) of maintenance therapy. Pmab‐containing maintenance therapy appeared active in both pts with multiple (HR 0.58; 95% CI, 0.39‐0.86; P = .006) as well as to a lesser numerical extent in pts with single organ metastasis (HR 0.83; 95% CI, 0.57‐1.21; P = .332; Interaction P = .183). These data may support clinical decisions when EGFR‐based maintenance therapy is considered.
Comparison of Ampicillin‐Sulbactam and Ticarcillin‐Clavulanic Acid in Patients With Chronic Renal Failure: Effects of Differential Pharmacokinetics on Serum Bactericidal Activity
Authors: Hardin Thomas C. , Butler Steven C. , Ross Sabine , Wakeford John H. , Jorgensen James H. 
Published: October 2023

Study Objectives. To evaluate the pharmacodynamic antibacterial activity of ticarcillin‐clavulanic acid (T‐C) and ampicillin‐sulbactam (A‐S) combinations against reference bacterial strains in patients with end‐stage renal disease maintained on long‐term hemodialysis.Design. Randomized, crossover, controlled study.Setting. National Institutes of Health‐funded general clinical research unit in a Veterans Administration Medical Center.Patients. Nine adult men with end‐stage renal disease maintained on long‐term hemodialysis. Two subjects did not complete the study due to problems of vascular access, and another withdrew for personal reasons.Interventions. On a nondialysis day, each subject was randomly administered either T‐C 3.1 g or A‐S 3 g as a slow intravenous infusion over 30 minutes. Serial blood samples were collected for measurement of antibiotic serum concentrations and determination of serum bactericidal titers. Following a washout period, the study was repeated with the alternative antibiotic combination.Measurements and Main Results. The mean observed apparent β‐half‐life of clavulanic acid was substantially shorter than that for the other three drugs. The bactericidal activity of both A‐S and T‐C against non‐β‐lactamase‐producing (Nβ‐LP) strains of S. aureus and E. coli was consistently high, as indicated by geometric mean SBTs of at least 1:5 at 24 hours. Against β‐lactamase‐producing (β‐LP) S. aureus, the geometric mean SBTs for A‐S were at least 1:25 throughout the study period, while the geometric mean SBTs for T‐C decreased over 24 hours from 1:29 to 1:6. Against β‐LP E. coli, the bactericidal activities for both A‐S and T‐C were poor, with geometric mean peak SBTs of only 1:6 and 1:3, respectively. The geometric mean SBT for T‐C against this E. coli strain had declined to 1:1 at 6 hrs.Conclusion. Increasing the dosing interval for T‐C in patients with end‐stage renal disease may lead to periods of insufficient clavulanic acid to protect ticarcillin from β‐lactamase degradation.
Comparison of PT, aPTT, and Factor VII Values Obtained by Concurrent Sample Collection by Direct Venipuncture and Peripheral Venous Catheters
Authors: Lindley Celeste , Sawyer William , Haddon Teri , Meade James , Nolen Jacqueline , Johansen Lise , Roberts Harold 
Published: October 2023

Study Objective. To compare prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and factor VII values in concurrent blood samples obtained by direct venipuncture and from a peripheral venous catheter.Design. Concurrent samples obtained from catheters and by direct venipuncture were studied. In a separate crossover bioequivalence assessment of DNA‐derived factor VIIa (rFVIIa) from two different batches, sample results of each technique were compared.Setting. University hospital clinical research unit.Patients. Six patients with hemophilia A under nonbleeding conditions.Interventions. The patients received a single dose of rFVIIa 70 μg/kg administered by intravenous push over 2 minutes. Concurrent blood samples were collected at 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 hours after rFVIIa administration. Catheter blood samples were drawn from a three‐way stopcock attached to an 18‐gauge peripheral venous catheter in the patient's forearm and connected to an intravenous solution of 5% dextrose with half normal saline maintained at a rate of 30 ml/hour. Venipuncture samples were drawn from the opposite arm.Measurements and Main Results. The PT and aPTT values were determined by using a BBL Fibrometer (PT) and a Coagamate X‐2 with automated aPTT reagent. Blood samples were analyzed for factor VII concentration using the Novo Clot assay. The mean venipuncture‐obtained PT (8.9 ± 1.0 sec) and aPTT (48.7 ± 13.6 sec) values were numerically equivalent to mean catheter‐derived PT (9.0 ± 1.0 sec) and aPTT (48.3 ± 12.5 sec) results, as were mean venipuncture and catheter‐obtained FVII:C values.Conclusions. The PT and aPTT values determined after venipuncture and through the peripheral catheter were not statistically different (p>0.05) when compared by paired or unpaired analysis. Similarly, values of FVII:C measured after venipuncture were statistically equivalent to those after sampling through the peripheral catheter. All six patients preferred the catheter method of blood collection over venipuncture.
Impact of Compliance and Side Effects on the Clinical Outcome of Patients Treated With Oral Erythromycin
Authors: Anastasio Geraldine D. , Little John M. , Robinson Mark D. , Pettice Yvonne L. , Leitch Beatrice B. , Norton H. James 
Published: October 2023

Study Objective. To determine the relationship among compliance, side effects, and self‐reported outcome for patients in an erythromycin trial.Design. A retrospective analysis of data from a multicenter, prospective, single‐blind, randomized trial.Setting. Five metropolitan ambulatory care offices.Patients. The 252 adults (> 18 yrs) were prescribed oral erythromycin 1.0 g/day (base equivalent) for infectious disorders.Intervention. Subjects received erythromycin for 10 days and reported compliance, drug efficacy, and side effects in a daily diary Compliance was measured by tablet count.Results. A negative correlation was found between gastrointestinal symptom severity score and percentage of tablets taken (p<0.001). A significant positive correlation was seen between compliance and outcome (p<0.001). Subjects who took greater than 80% of the drug achieved the treatment goal more frequently than those taking 80% or less (94% vs 59%, p<0.001).Conclusions. Side effects of erythromycin adversely affected compliance. Compliance had a positive effect on self‐reported outcome.
Comparison of the Pharmacodynamic Activity of Cefotaxime plus Metronidazole With Cefoxitin and Ampicillin plus Sulbactam
Authors: Sullivan Maureen C. , Nightingale Charles H. , Quintiliani Richard , Sweeney Kevin R. 
Published: October 2023

Study Objective. To compare the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic activity of three drug regimens: cefotaxime plus metronidazole, cefoxitin, and ampicillin‐sulbactam against two organisms frequently isolated in intraabdominal infection, Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis.Design. Open‐label, three‐way crossover study.Setting. Hartford Hospital Clinical Research Center.Participants. Nine healthy volunteers.Interventions. Subjects received the following regimens: (1) a single 1‐g intravenous dose of cefotaxime plus a single 500‐mg oral dose of metronidazole; (2) two intravenous doses of cefoxitin, 2 g each dose given every 6 hours; and (3) two intravenous doses of ampicillin‐sulbactam, 3 g each dose given every 6 hours.Measurements and Main Results. Serum bactericidal titers and drug concentrations were measured over a 12‐hour period. The cefotaxime‐metronidazole regimen showed superior activity against E. coli compared with ampicillin‐sulbactam and cefoxitin. The mean areas under the bactericidal activity curve (AUBC) for the three regimens were 550.2, 68.7, and 48.9, respectively (p=0.0001). There was no significant difference in AUBC among the three regimens for B. fragilis. Serum concentrations of cefotaxime remained above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for E. coli significantly longer than did concentrations of ampicillin‐sulbactam and cefoxitin (p=0.0002 and p=0.0023, respectively). Serum concentrations of metronidazole were still at 9 times the MIC for B. fragilis at the end of the 12‐hour dosing interval; for ampicillin‐sulbactam and cefoxitin concentrations remained above the MIC for one‐half and less than one‐fourth, respectively, of the dosing interval (p<0.0001). The ratio of AUC:MIC was also favorable for metronidazole (212.2) compared with 63.4 for ampicillin‐sulbactam and 9.2 for cefoxitin.Conclusions. The combination of cefotaxime‐metronidazole, even at the relatively low doses used in this study, provides coverage against gram‐negative and anaerobic pathogens that is at least as effective as that of cefoxitin and ampicillin‐sulbactam. In addition, its cost is considerably less expensive than that of the other regimens.
The Comparative Safety and Diagnostic Accuracy of Adenosine Myocardial Perfusion Imaging in Women versus Men
Authors: Mohiuddin Syed M. , Ravage Christopher K. , Esterbrooks Dennis J. , Lucas B. Daniel , Hilleman Daniel E. 
Published: October 2023

Study Objective. To determine if the diagnostic accuracy and safety of intravenous adenosine myocardial perfusion imaging is significantly different in men compared with women.Design. Prospective, comparative, open‐label clinical trial.Setting. Nuclear medicine laboratory in a university‐affiliated hospital.Patients. Consecutive patients who were referred for evaluation of known or suspected coronary artery disease. Patients were judged not to be able to exercise adequately.Interventions. Coronary angiography was conducted within 6 weeks of an adenosine thallium‐201 myocardial perfusion imaging study.Measurements and Main Results. Diagnostic accuracy is shown in the table.Overall, side effects from adenosine were not different between men and women. The frequencies of ST depression and chest pain were significantly greater in women than men, although their etiologies are unknown. The frequency of severe side effects such as heart block and hypotension was not different between men and women.Conclusions. The diagnostic accuracy and safety of adenosine thallium‐201 myocardial perfusion imaging are generally similar in women and men.
Urate‐Lowering Drugs and Muscle Injury: A Systematic Review and Network Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Mitsuboshi Satoru , Morizumi Makoto , Kotake Kazumasa , Kaseda Ryohei , Narita Ichiei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSeveral urate‐lowering drugs have been linked to muscle injury. This study investigated the association of oral urate‐lowering drugs with the risk of muscle injury by performing a network meta‐analysis of randomized and non‐randomized controlled trials. A systematic search of MEDLINE, via PubMed, the ClinicalTrials.gov website, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was conducted to identify relevant studies with a primary outcome of “all muscle injuries.” A random‐effects model was used to perform a frequentist network meta‐analysis to estimate whether there was significant heterogeneity among the studies. In total, 32 studies including 28,327 participants with 2694 (9.5%) “all muscle injuries” were assessed, and the overall risk of bias was judged to be low to moderate. No statistically significant differences were found between placebo and 6 urate‐lowering therapies: allopurinol (risk ratio, RR, 1.05; 95% confidence interval, 95%CI, 0.63‐1.73), febuxostat (RR 1.10, 95%CI 0.71‐1.70), lesinurad (RR 7.00, 95%CI 0.31‐160.36), lesinurad concomitant with allopurinol (RR 0.85, 95%CI 0.34‐2.11), lesinurad concomitant with febuxostat (RR 1.97, 95%CI 0.55‐7.03), and topiroxostat (RR 0.99, 95%CI 0.37‐2.65). The findings suggest that there is little need to consider the risk of muscle injury when using urate‐lowering drugs in the clinical setting.
Presenting time‐series data as absolute versus relative changes impacts judgments and choices
Authors: Tomaino Geoff , Walters Daniel J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe examined how different ways of presenting time‐series data affect consumer judgments and behaviors. Specifically, we compared the use of absolute terms (e.g., actual dollar change) versus relative terms (e.g., annual percentage change) in charts. Our findings revealed that absolute charts tend to have a more positive visual slope than relative charts, leading consumers to extrapolate these trends and expect faster growth in quantities. In Study 1, participants who viewed COVID‐19 data in absolute charts, as opposed to relative charts, donated more money to a COVID‐19‐related charity and were less inclined to challenge quarantine advisories throughout the day. In Study 2, we observed that participants preferred investing in a country when its GDP was presented in an absolute chart, and visual trends were found to drive this effect. Study 3 demonstrated that individuals placed greater emphasis on absolute charts depicting population growth, particularly when the unit of measurement was more meaningful. Overall, the choice to represent data in absolute versus relative terms has a far reaching impact on judgments and choices.
ROS produced by NOX promote the neurite growth in a PI3K/Akt independent manner
Authors: Mora‐Zenil Janeth , Morán Julio 
Published: October 2023

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) function as signaling molecules in several physiologic and pathologic processes. In central nervous system, ROS are critical for differentiation, migration, polarization, and neurite growth. These actions are mediated by reversible oxidation of target proteins. On the other hand, PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is susceptible to be modulated by ROS and it has been implicated in neurite growth. In this study, we evaluated the participation of ROS in the neurite growth of cultured rat cerebellar granule neurons (CGN), as well as the possible regulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway by ROS during neurite outgrowth. For this purpose, CGN were treated with cellular or mitochondrial antioxidants, or an NOX inhibitor and neurite growth was evaluated. Moreover, to assess the participation Akt in this process, the p‐Akt levels were measured in CGN treated with antioxidants or a NOX inhibitor. The effect of antioxidants on the neurite growth in the presence of a PI3K inhibitor was also measured. We found that cellular antioxidants and the NOX inhibitor decreased the neurite growth, but not the mitochondrial antioxidant. Interestingly, the antioxidants increased the p‐Akt levels; however, the effect of antioxidants on neurite growth was no dependent on the Akt activity since the inhibitor of PI3K did not modify the antioxidant action on neurite growth. Our results show that the PI3K/Akt pathway participates in neurite growth and that ROS produced by NOX could function as signals in this process; however, this action is not mediated by a redox regulation of Akt activity.
Internet Use and Creative Thinking in the Alternative Uses Task
Authors: Oliva Mercedes T. , Storm Benjamin C. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTResearch has shown that using the Internet to access information can influence memory, metacognition, and how people choose to access information in the future. The current experiment sought to expand this line of work by investigating the impact of using the Internet on creative thinking. A total of 378 participants completed a version of the Alternative Uses Test in which they were asked to list five uncommon uses for each of four objects (e.g., a brick). Half of the participants did this on their own, without help from the Internet. The other half of the participants used the Internet to generate uses for the first two objects, and then generated uses for the last two objects without the Internet. Responses were considered on a number of measures (e.g., creativity, effectiveness, fluency, flexibility). Although creative performance was similar between the two conditions, some differences were observed, particularly with regard to the distributions of uses generated. For example, a subset of object uses generated by participants in the Internet condition were rarely generated by participants in the No Internet condition.
Relationship between C‐reactive protein level and periodontitis and systemic diseases
Authors: Lee Jung‐Hwa , Mun So‐Jung 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundPeriodontitis affects systemic disease risk, although the relationship thereof in the context of different C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels is not clear. This study investigated the association of periodontitis with systemic diseases according to high‐sensitivity CRP (hs‐CRP) level and sought to identify the risk of systemic diseases in patients with periodontitis.MethodsWe used data from the seventh (2016–2018) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. In a total of 16,489 subjects, the hs‐CRP group was classified into the hs‐CRP low‐risk group and the hs‐CRP high‐risk group. Propensity score matching (PSM) is used for 1:1 matching of confounding variables (e.g., age, gender, income, and education) between hs‐CRP low‐risk and hs‐CRP at‐risk groups to analyze the final 5316 subjects. The association between general characteristics and prevalence of systemic diseases was analyzed using descriptive statistics and the chi‐squared test. The associations between hs‐CRP level and systemic and periodontitis were analyzed using logistic regression analyses.ResultsWithin the hs‐CRP group, the presence of periodontitis was associated with a significantly increased prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and stroke. In the hs‐CRP risk group, periodontitis significantly increased the risk of hypertension and diabetes mellitus by 2.1 and 2.4 times, respectively.ConclusionsThe presence of periodontitis significantly increases the prevalence of systemic diseases and more so in individuals with higher hs‐CRP levels. This indicates the significance of maintaining oral health in reducing the risk of systemic diseases.
Optimizing detection of the bobwhite reproduction call using passive acoustic monitoring
Authors: Johnson Lacrecia A. , Butler Matthew J. , Sesnie Steven E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNorthern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) populations have declined across much of their range. In response to these declines, wildlife biologists and managers have increased survey efforts and tried to optimize detection and capitalize on technological advances to improve population estimates and cost‐effectiveness. Our objective was to determine how environmental conditions influence detection of the reproduction call, or whistle, of masked bobwhite (C. v. ridgwayi), an endangered subspecies of northern bobwhite, using autonomous recording units (ARUs). We estimated the call intensity of the masked bobwhite reproduction call as 112 ± 0.5 decibels (mean ± SE) at 10 cm. We then broadcasted 16,284 calls during 17 trials to compare manual and automated call detection in recordings collected with ARUs. We used these data to model detectability of a bobwhite reproduction call, for when the bird is present and available, as a function of distance and weather conditions using generalized linear mixed models with trial as a random effect. Regardless of detection type, one model structure was competitive and suggested detection probability was a function of distance, wind speed, and wind direction. Detectability decreased with increased distance and wind speed and was influenced by wind direction. We demonstrate the use of our results to predict the probability of detecting a reproduction call during ARU‐based monitoring efforts. By understanding the effects of environmental factors on the detection of a bobwhite reproductive call, bobwhite surveys can be improved.
The Photodetection of Ultrashort Optical Pulse Trains for Low Noise Microwave Signal Generation
Authors: Quinlan Franklyn 
Published: October 2023

AbstractElectrical signals derived from optical sources have achieved record‐low levels of phase noise, and have demonstrated the highest frequency stability yet achieved in the microwave domain. Attaining such ultrastable phase and frequency performance requires high‐fidelity optical‐to‐electrical conversion, typically performed via a high‐speed photodiode. This paper reviews characteristics of the direct photodetection of optical pulses for the intent of generating high power, low phase noise microwave signals from optical sources. The two most popular types of photodiode detectors used for low noise microwave generation are discussed in terms of electrical pulse characteristics, achievable microwave power, and photodetector nonlinearities. Noise sources inherent to photodetection, such as shot noise, flicker noise, and photocarrier scattering are reviewed, and their impact on microwave phase fidelity is discussed. General guidelines for attaining the lowest noise possible from photodetection that balances power saturation, optical amplification, and amplitude‐to‐phase conversion are also presented.
Photonic Higher‐Order Topological Insulator with Enlarged Non‐Trivial Bandgaps
Authors: Zhang Yuexin , Dai Xiaoyu , Xiang Yuanjiang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe emergence of higher‐order topological insulators (HOTIs) has greatly expanded the family of topological materials. While the co‐dimensional bulk‐boundary correspondence is observed in platforms, such as acoustics and photonics, realizing three‐dimensional (3D) photonic HOTIs is relatively challenging due to the complex properties of electromagnetic waves such as polarizations, scattering, and refractive index. In this paper, a photonic HOTI with a simple multilayer structure that supports higher‐order hinge states is proposed. By inserting a central metallic pillar in the unit cell, the 3D bandgap can be well extended, enabling pure and distinguishable surface and hinge modes. The lattice is reconfigurable and flexible, allowing for hinge and surface waves to be generated by controlling the geometrical length of sub‐lattices. The idea of distinguished higher‐order hinge modes is also extended to enlarged higher‐orbital bandgaps. Furthermore, by introducing a central disclination in this photonic model, the one‐dimensional (1D) vertical disclination mode is obtained which is not seen in existing photonic HOTIs. The findings open the door for a high‐performance topological optical apparatus that features efficient one‐way light propagation and energy concentration.