bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge transfer as transformative dialogue: a pedagogical view on learning and meta-knowledge transfer in a leadership development program
Authors: Ohlsson Jon 
Published: December 2023

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to analyze the links between leaders' creation of knowledge in the setting of a leadership development program and the transfer of knowledge to their own organizations.Design/methodology/approachThis is a case study of a leadership development program conducted during 2020–2022. The program was focused on how to lead and manage learning and knowledge processes in organizations, and offered a mix of theoretical perspectives and practical collaborative sessions. Data were collected through interviews and the participants' written reflections on their learning experiences. Total number of interviews was 13.FindingsOverall the participants showed many examples of how they applied theories and practical tools that they had learned during the program in their own organizations. The participants experienced different types of challenges regarding knowledge transfer, but also potential meta-knowledge transfer through dialogue.Practical implicationsPedagogical organizing of leadership development point to a need for supplementary dialogue between the leader of the development program and both the participating leader and manager.Originality/valueThis study shows that meta-knowledge transfer is not a simple matter of moving codified knowledge from the development program to new settings. Knowledge about others' knowledge requires and stimulates subject-to-subject relations between people through which new knowledge potential is created. These findings confirm and enhance previous studies that indicate the need for social support for soft-skill knowledge transfer.
Development and validation of a scale to measure subjective liminality: individual differences in the perception of in-betweenness
Authors: Dhar Udayan , Boyatzis Richard 
Published: December 2023

PurposeModern careers are marked by periods of feeling betwixt, or “in-between,” – yet, there is no validated measure of this experience, recognized as subjective liminality. The present research aims to (1) operationalize subjective liminality and (2) develop and validate a scale to measure it.Design/methodology/approachA literature review was used to operationalize subjective liminality, and the scale validation was performed using four separate samples: 150 workers on M-Turk, 151 graduate and professional students at a large Midwestern University, 252 unemployed individuals in the US and Canada, and 416 full-time employed individuals in the US.FindingsSubjective liminality was conceptualized as a second-order latent construct reflected by three dimensions: feelings of anxiety, ambiguity and reduced group identification. A 9-item scale was developed and validated to measure it.Originality/valueThis study clarifies and measures an emergent construct in the career transition and organizational change literature.
Investigation on performance of prestressed hollow core slabs exposed to elevated temperatures
Authors: Jeyashree T.M. , Kannan Rajkumar P.R. 
Published: December 2023

PurposeThis study focused on identifying critical factors governing the fire response of prestressed hollow-core slabs. The hollow-core slabs used as flooring units can be subjected to elevated temperatures during a fire. The fire response of prestressed hollow-core slabs is required to develop slabs with greater fire endurance. The present study aims to determine the extent to which the hollow-core slab can sustain load during a fire without undergoing progressive collapse under extreme fire and heating scenarios.Design/methodology/approachA finite element model was generated to predict the fire response of prestressed hollow core slabs under elevated temperatures. The accuracy of the model was predicted by examining thermal and structural responses through coupled temperature displacement analysis. A sensitivity analysis was performed to study the effects of concrete properties on prediction of system response. A parametric study was conducted by varying the thickness of the slab, fire and heating scenarios.FindingsThermal conductivity and specific heat of concrete were determined as sensitive parameters. The thickness of the slab was identified as a critical factor at a higher load level. Asymmetric heating of the slab resulted in higher fire resistance compared with symmetric heating.Originality/valueThis is the first study focused on studying the effect of modeling uncertainties on the system response by sensitivity analysis under elevated temperatures. The developed model with a parametric study helps in identifying critical factors for design purposes.
A frontier-based parametric framework for exploring the competition–efficiency nexus in commercial banking: insights from an emerging economy
Authors: Srivastava Bhavya , Singh Shveta , Jain Sonali 
Published: December 2023

PurposeThe present study assesses the commercial bank profit efficiency and its relationship to banking sector competition in a rapidly growing emerging economy, India from 2009 to 2019 using stochastic frontier analysis (SFA).Design/methodology/approachLerner indices, conventional and efficiency-adjusted, quantify competition. Two SFA models are employed to calculate alternative profit efficiency (inefficiency) scores: the two-step time-decay approach proposed by Battese and Coelli (1992) and the recently developed single-step pairwise difference estimator (PDE) by Belotti and Ilardi (2018). In the first step of the BC92 framework, profit inefficiency is calculated, and in the second step, Tobit and Fractional Regression Model (FRM) are utilized to evaluate profit inefficiency correlates. PDE concurrently solves the frontier and inefficiency equations using the maximum likelihood process.FindingsThe results suggest that foreign banks are less profit efficient than domestic equivalents, supporting the “home-field advantage” hypothesis in India. Further, increasing competition drives bank managers to make riskier lending and investment choices, decreasing bank profit efficiency. However, this effect varies depending on bank ownership and size.Originality/valueLiterature on the competition bank efficiency link is conspicuously scant, with a focus on technical and cost efficiency. Less is known regarding the influence of competition on bank profit efficiency. The article is one of the first to examine commercial bank profit efficiency and its relationship to banking sector competition. Additionally, the study work represents one of the first applications of the FRM presented by Papke and Wooldridge (1996) and the PDE provided by Belotti and Ilardi (2018).
Steady melting in material extrusion additive manufacturing
Authors: Colon Austin R. , Kazmer David Owen , Peterson Amy M. , Seppala Jonathan E. 
Published: December 2023

Purpose
A main cause of defects within material extrusion (MatEx) additive manufacturing is the nonisothermal condition in the hot end, which causes inconsistent extrusion and polymer welding. This paper aims to validate a custom hot end design intended to heat the thermoplastic to form a melt prior to the nozzle and to reduce variability in melt temperature. A full 3D temperature verification methodology for hot ends is also presented.

Design/methodology/approach
Infrared (IR) thermography of steady-state extrusion for varying volumetric flow rates, hot end temperature setpoints and nozzle orifice diameters provides data for model validation. A finite-element model is used to predict the temperature of the extrudate. Model tuning demonstrates the effects of different model assumptions on the simulated melt temperature.

Findings
The experimental results show that the measured temperature and variance are functions of volumetric flow rate, temperature setpoint and the nozzle orifice diameter. Convection to the surrounding air is a primary heat transfer mechanism. The custom hot end brings the melt to its setpoint temperature prior to entering the nozzle.

Originality/value
This work provides a full set of steady-state IR thermography data for various parameter settings. It also provides insight into the performance of a custom hot end designed to improve the robustness of melting in MatEx. Finally, it proposes a strategy for modeling such systems that incorporates the metal components and the air around the system.
Long‐term effects of intercropping on multi‐trophic structure and bio‐thermodynamic health of mixed Eucalyptus‐native tree plantations
Authors: Wang Yanjia , Lin Yongbiao , Zhang Lei , Liu Siyu , Wang Jun , Tian Yang , Campbell Daniel E. , Lin Ruoyi , Ren Hai , Lu Hongfang 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

The intercropping approach of Eucalyptus and native trees has been widely recommended, as an ideal replacement for monoculture Eucalyptus plantations (EUs), to ameliorate global biodiversity loss and mitigate environmental change. However, both suitable native tree species (NS) and the best intercropping ratio between Eucalyptus and native trees have not been determined.

To fill this gap, a four‐level intercropping gradient of Eucalyptus urophylla planted with eight NS was set up (i.e., 20%NS, 30%NS, 40%NS, 50%NS), monitored and compared with a monoculture E. urophylla plantation (EU) and a randomly mixed plantation of nine NS in southern China.

The results showed that, the intercropping ratio of Eucalyptus and native trees had a long‐term effect on tree layer structure and health status, and a cascading effect on the thermodynamic health state of soil microbes. Shade‐tolerant woody species are more suitable for intercropping with Eucalyptus. Intercropping plantations with not less than 30% native trees were more favourable for long‐term survival and growth of both planted Eucalyptus and native trees, and provided much more favourable conditions for the natural immigration of other native trees, which leads to a healthy plant community with significantly higher eco‐exergy than EU. The initial mixing ratio between Eucalyptus and high diversity native trees affected soil fertility through its long‐term effects on the biodiversity and bio‐thermodynamic state of trees and soil microbes.

Synthesis and applications. Our results highlight the long‐term positive effect of the intercropping ratio of Eucalyptus and high diversity native trees on multi‐trophic biodiversity conservation, bio‐thermodynamic health development and soil fertility conservation. In the conversion of monoculture EUs to multi‐species plantations, it is recommended to mix more than 30% NS, which have different ecological niches with Eucalyptus.
Numerical Simulation of Rainfall‐induced Xianchi Reservoir Landslide in Yunyang, Chongqing, China
Authors: YAN Jinkai , MA Yan , LIU Lei , WANG Zhihui , REN Tianxiang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA calamitous landslide happened at 22:00 on September 1, 2014 in the Yunyang area of Chongqing City, southwest China, enforcing the evacuation of 508 people and damaging 23 buildings. The landslide volume comprised 1.44 million m3 of material in the source area and 0.4 million m3 of shoveled material. The debris flow runout extended 400 m vertically and 1600 m horizontally. The Xianchi reservoir landslide event has been investigated as follows: (1) samples collected from the main body of landslide were carried out using GCTS ring shear apparatus; (2) the parameters of shear and pore water pressure have been measured; and (3) the post‐failure characteristics of landslide have been analyzed using the numerical simulation method. The excess pore‐water pressure and erosion in the motion path are considered to be the key reasons for the long‐runout motion and the scale‐up of landslides, such as that at Xianchi, were caused by the heavy rainfall. The aim of this paper is to acquired numerical parameters and the basic resistance model, which is beneficial to improve simulation accuracy for hazard assessment for similar to potentially dangerous hillslopes in China and elsewhere.
Generative spatial generalized dissimilarity mixed modelling (spGDMM): An enhanced approach to modelling beta diversity
Authors: White Philip A. , Frye Henry A. , Slingsby Jasper A. , Silander John A. , Gelfand Alan E. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Turnover, or change in the composition of species over space and time, is one of the primary ways to define beta diversity. Inferring what factors impact beta diversity is not only important for understanding biodiversity processes but also for conservation planning. At present, a popular approach to understanding the drivers of compositional turnover is through generalized dissimilarity modelling (GDM). We argue that the current GDM approach suffers several limitations and provide an alternative modelling approach that remedies these issues.

We propose using generative spatial random effects models implemented in a Bayesian framework. We offer hierarchical specifications to yield full regression and spatial predictive inference, both with associated full uncertainties. The approach is illustrated by examining dissimilarity in three datasets: tree survey data from Panama's Barro Colorado Island (BCI), plant occurrence data from southwest Australia and plant abundance surveys from the Greater Cape Floristic Region (GCFR) of South Africa. We select a best model using out‐of‐sample predictive performance.

We find that the form of the best model differs across the three datasets, but our models provide performance ranging from comparable to significant improvement over GDMs. Within the GCFR, the spatial random effects play a more important role in the modelling than all the environmental variables.

We have proposed a model that provides several improvements to the current GDM framework. This includes advantages such as a flexible spatially varying mean function, spatial random effects that capture dependence unaccounted for by explanatory variables, and spatially heterogeneous variance structure. All these features are offered in a model that can adequately handle a large incidence of total dissimilarity through ‘one‐inflation’, as would be expected from highly biodiverse areas with steep turnover gradients.
Moving towards the detection of frailty with biomarkers: A population health study
Authors: Sargent Lana , Nalls Mike , Singleton Andrew , Palta Priya , Kucharska‐Newton Anna , Pankow Jim , Young Hunter , Tang Weihong , Lutsey Pamela , Olex Amy , Wendte Jered M. , Li Danni , Alonso Alvaro , Griswold Michael , Windham B. Gwen , Baninelli Stefania , Ferrucci Luigi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAging adults experience increased health vulnerability and compromised abilities to cope with stressors, which are the clinical manifestations of frailty. Frailty is complex, and efforts to identify biomarkers to detect frailty and pre‐frailty in the clinical setting are rarely reproduced across cohorts. We developed a predictive model incorporating biological and clinical frailty measures to identify robust biomarkers across data sets. Data were from two large cohorts of older adults: “Invecchiare in Chianti (Aging in Chianti, InCHIANTI Study”) (n = 1453) from two small towns in Tuscany, Italy, and replicated in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (ARIC) (n = 6508) from four U.S. communities. A complex systems approach to biomarker selection with a tree‐boosting machine learning (ML) technique for supervised learning analysis was used to examine biomarker population differences across both datasets. Our approach compared predictors with robust, pre‐frail, and frail participants and examined the ability to detect frailty status by race. Unique biomarker features identified in the InCHIANTI study allowed us to predict frailty with a model accuracy of 0.72 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.66–0.80). Replication models in ARIC maintained a model accuracy of 0.64 (95% CI 0.66–0.72). Frail and pre‐frail Black participant models maintained a lower model accuracy. The predictive panel of biomarkers identified in this study may improve the ability to detect frailty as a complex aging syndrome in the clinical setting. We propose several concrete next steps to keep research moving toward detecting frailty with biomarker‐based detection methods.
Genetic basis of ear length in sheep breeds sampled across the region from the Middle East to the Alps
Authors: Klawatsch Jürgen , Papachristou Dimitris , Koutsouli Panagiota , Upadhyay Maulik , Seichter Doris , Russ Ingolf , Mioč Boro , Simčič Mojca , Bizelis Iosif , Medugorac Ivica 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEar length in sheep (Ovis aries) shows a wide range of natural variation, from the absence of an outer ear structure (anotia), to small outer ears (microtia), to regular ear length. Up until now, the underlying genetics of this phenotype has been studied in four sheep breeds from China, Jordan and Italy. These studies revealed a broad range of genes significantly associated with ear length, potentially indicating genetic heterogeneity across breeds or geographic regions. In the current study, we performed genome‐wide SNP genotyping and haplotype‐based mapping, in a population of 340 individuals, to identify loci influencing ear length variation in additional sheep breeds from Slovenia, Croatia, Cyprus and Greece. Additionally, two previously described candidate variants were also genotyped in our mapping population. The mapping model without candidate variant genotypes revealed only one genome‐wide significant signal, which was located next to HMX1 on OAR6. This region was previously described as being associated with ear length variation in the Altay and Awassi sheep breeds. The mapping model including the candidate duplication genotype near HMX1 as a fixed effect explained the phenotypic variance on OAR6 and revealed an additional genome‐wide significant locus on OAR13 associated with ear length. Our results, combined with published evidence, suggest that a duplication in the evolutionarily conserved region near HMX1 is the major regulator of ear length in sheep breeds descended from a larger region from Central Asia, to the Middle East, Cyprus, Greece and to the Alps. This distribution suggests an ancient origin of the derived allele.
Morphological features of the late‐embryo‐stage gastrointestinal tract of free‐roaming light ecotype Nigerian indigenous chicken
Authors: Udoumoh Anietie Francis , Igwebuike Udensi Maduabuchi , Nwaogu Innocent Chima , Obidike Ikechukwu Reginald 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMorphological changes in the late‐embryo‐stage gastrointestinal tract of Nigerian indigenous chicken were investigated using anatomical techniques. The paraffin‐embedded sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid Schiff‐Alcian blue (pH 2.5) stains. During the late pre‐hatch period, the framework of the stomach was already established, but glands were yet poorly developed. Randomly oriented pre‐glandular cells in the lamina propria mucosae at embryonic day (ED) 14 became organized into elongated simple tubular glands at ED 19 and assumed adult morphology at post‐hatch day (PD) 1. Acidic and neutral mucin deposits were associated with the glandular cells. In the small intestine, enterocytes of the tunica epithelialis mucosae transformed from cuboidal‐shaped cells (at ED 14) to tall columnar cells (at PD 1). Short crypts of Lieberkühn, goblet cells, microfold cells and enteroendocrine cells were evident at ED 19, while the lamina propria mucosae and submucosa contained mesenchymal cells, reticular cells and isolated lymphoblasts. Similarly, the crypts, lymphoblasts, mesenchymal and reticular cells were also associated with the lamina propria mucosae and submucosa of the caecum and colorectum at ED 19. It was inferred from these findings that extensive cellular and tissue modifications occur in the gastrointestinal tract within the narrow window of the late pre‐hatch period. The definitive gut tunics, epithelium, glandular tissues, immune‐competent cells and tissues are formed as a result. Thus, the embryonic gut of the bird is made capable of assuming its necessary functions of food digestion, nutrient absorption, water and ion re‐absorption, immune surveillance, antibody production and immune responses at hatch.
Comment Letters and Reporting Quality: Evidence from Financial Restatements*
Authors: Zhang Qiuyue , Tang Guomei , Qin Xiuting 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of comment letter reviews on reporting quality in terms of financial restatements, using comment letters from the Chinese market between 2013 and 2020. The baseline results indicate that although receiving a comment letter increases the next year's (year t + 1) restatements, it reduces later years' (year t + 2 onwards) restatements. Moreover, this effect is more pronounced among firms with lower external auditor quality, poorer information transparency, and those located in less marketized provinces. The mechanism analyses show that comment letter reviews improve financial reporting quality because of deterrent effects in the form of increased litigation risk.
Exact likelihoods for N‐mixture models with time‐to‐detection data
Authors: Haines Linda M. , Altwegg Res , Borchers D. L. 
Published: December 2023

SummaryThis paper is concerned with the formulation of ‐mixture models for estimating the abundance and probability of detection of a species from binary response, count and time‐to‐detection data. A modelling framework, which encompasses time‐to‐first‐detection within the context of detection/non‐detection and time‐to‐each‐detection and time‐to‐first‐detection within the context of count data, is introduced. Two observation processes which depend on whether or not double counting is assumed to occur are also considered. The main focus of the paper is on the derivation of explicit forms for the likelihoods associated with each of the proposed models. Closed‐form expressions for the likelihoods associated with time‐to‐detection data are new and are developed from the theory of order statistics. A key finding of the study is that, based on the assumption of no double counting, the likelihoods associated with times‐to‐detection together with count data are the product of the likelihood for the counts alone and a term which depends on the detection probability parameter. This result demonstrates that, in this case, recording times‐to‐detection could well improve precision in estimation over recording counts alone. In contrast, for the double counting protocol with exponential arrival times, no information was found to be gained by recording times‐to‐detection in addition to the count data. An R package and an accompanying vignette are also introduced in order to complement the algebraic results and to demonstrate the use of the models in practice.
Evaluating the performance of large language models in haematopoietic stem cell transplantation decision‐making
Authors: Civettini Ivan , Zappaterra Arianna , Granelli Bianca Maria , Rindone Giovanni , Aroldi Andrea , Bonfanti Stefano , Colombo Federica , Fedele Marilena , Grillo Giovanni , Parma Matteo , Perfetti Paola , Terruzzi Elisabetta , Gambacorti‐Passerini Carlo , Ramazzotti Daniele , Cavalca Fabrizio 
Published: December 2023

SummaryIn a first‐of‐its‐kind study, we assessed the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) in making complex decisions in haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The evaluation was conducted not only for Generative Pre‐trained Transformer 4 (GPT‐4) but also conducted on other artificial intelligence models: PaLm 2 and Llama‐2. Using detailed haematological histories that include both clinical, molecular and donor data, we conducted a triple‐blind survey to compare LLMs to haematology residents. We found that residents significantly outperformed LLMs (p = 0.02), particularly in transplant eligibility assessment (p = 0.01). Our triple‐blind methodology aimed to mitigate potential biases in evaluating LLMs and revealed both their promise and limitations in deciphering complex haematological clinical scenarios.