bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Receptor for the globular heads of C1q (gC1q‐R, p33, hyaluronan‐binding protein) is preferentially expressed by adenocarcinoma cells
Authors: Rubinstein Daniel B. , Stortchevoi Alexei , Boosalis Michael , Ashfaq Raheela , Ghebrehiwet Berhane , Peerschke Ellinor I.B. , Calvo Fabien , Guillaume Thierry 
Published: April 2004

AbstractCombinatorial Ig libraries with phage display allow in vitro generation of human Ig fragments without the need to maintain hybridomas in ongoing cell culture or to select circulating Ig from human serum. Identifying tumor‐associated antigens on the surface of intact tumor cells, as opposed to purified proteins, presents a challenge due to the difficulty of preserving complex 3‐D epitopic sites on the cell surface, the variable expression of antigens on different malignant cell types and the stereotactic interference of closely associated proteins on the intact membrane surface limiting accessibility to antigenic sites. A combinatorial Ig library of 1010 clones was generated from the cDNA of PBMCs derived from patients with breast adenocarcinoma. Following subtractive panning, the library was enriched for Ig (Fab fragment) binding to intact adenocarcinoma cells and the resultant Fabs were screened against a cDNA expression library, itself generated from breast cancer cells. Using this approach, we isolated clones from the cDNA library expressing gC1q‐R, a glycoprotein comprising the major structure of C1, the first component of the complement system. gC1q‐R is a 33 kDa glycoprotein expressed not only on the cell surface but also intracellularly, with motifs that target it to mitochondria and complete homology with HABP and human HeLa cell protein p32, which is copurified with pre‐mRNA SF2. Sequencing of the gene encoding tumor‐associated gC1q‐R did not reveal any consistent tumor‐specific mutations. However, histochemical staining with anti‐gC1q‐R MAb demonstrated marked differential expression of gC1q‐R in thyroid, colon, pancreatic, gastric, esophageal and lung adenocarcinomas compared to their nonmalignant histologic counterparts. In contrast, differential expression was not seen in endometrial, renal and prostate carcinomas. Despite high expression in breast carcinoma, gC1q‐R was also expressed in nonmalignant breast tissue. Although the precise relation of gC1q‐R to carcinogenesis remains unclear, our finding of tumor overexpression and the known multivalent binding of gC1q‐R to not only C1q itself but also a variety of circulating plasma proteins as well as its involvement in cell‐to‐cell interactions suggest that gC1q‐R may have a role in tumor metastases and potentially serve in molecule‐specific targeting of malignant cells. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lactosylsulfatide expression in hepatocellular carcinoma cells enhances cell adhesion to vitronectin and intrahepatic metastasis in nude mice
Authors: Zhong Wu Xing , Honke Koichi , Long Zhang Yan , Liang Zha Xi , Taniguchi Naoyuki 
Published: April 2004

AbstractLactosylsulfatide (SM3), one of the major sulfated glycolipids, has been reported to be involved in cellular adhesion. Yet, its specific function has not been well understood in tumor biology, especially in the process of metastasis. We analyzed expression levels of sulfatide on HCC cells with different metastatic potentials and found that levels were correlated with metastatic potential. Next, the cerebroside sulfotransferase (CST) (EC2.8.2.11) gene, which synthesizes SM3 as well as galactosylsulfatide (SM4), was transfected into the HCC line Hep3B. Cell surface expression of SM3 was confirmed by thin‐layer chromatogram immunostaining and flow‐cytometric analyses. SM3‐expressing Hep3B cells showed elevated expression of integrin αVβ3 and higher adhesive ability to vitronectin compared to mock cells. Furthermore, SM3 expression promoted intrahepatic metastasis in nude mice. Thus, SM3 may play an important role in the metastasis of HCC cells by causing the interaction of integrin αVβ3 with vitronectin. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel inhibitors of urokinase‐type plasminogen activator and matrix metalloproteinase expression in metastatic cancer cell lines
Authors: Cakarovski Kristina , Leung Jenny Y. , Restall Christina , Carin‐Carlson Anna , Yang Eunice , Perlmutter Patrick , Anderson Robin , Medcalf Robert , Dear Anthony E. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe plasminogen‐activating (PA) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) enzyme systems are implicated in proteolytic turnover of the extracellular matrix (ECM) associated with biologic processes including wound healing, inflammation and angiogenesis. Aberrant expression of components of the PA and MMP enzyme systems occurs in the pathogenesis of metastatic cancer. Oxamflatin (Ox), a novel hydroxamic acid derivative, inhibits u‐PA mRNA expression and proteolytic activity while simultaneously upregulating the expression of the natural inhibitor of u‐PA, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 (PAI‐2) in metastatic cancer cells. We have characterized the effects of Ox and a novel derivative, Metacept‐1 (MCT‐1), on PA and MMP‐mediated proteolysis and invasion in several metastatic tumor lines. Both compounds are able to inhibit u‐PA‐, MMP‐2‐ and MMP‐9‐mediated gene expression at low micromolar concentrations as well as u‐PA‐ and MMP‐mediated proteolysis as assessed by zymography, with MCT‐1 being the more effective of the 2 agents in some assays. Cellular invasion assays correlate with gene expression and zymography experiments identifying both Ox and MCT‐1 as able to inhibit invasion of metastatic cancer cell lines through matrigel at nanomolar concentrations, with MCT‐1 more effective than Ox in 2 of the 3 cancer cell lines assessed. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mapping and analysis of HPV16 integration sites in a head and neck cancer cell line
Authors: Ragin Camille C. Rose , Reshmi Shalini C. , Gollin Susanne M. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is a circular double‐stranded DNA virus implicated in at least 90% of cervical and anogenital cancers and has been observed in approximately 20% of squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (SCCHN). Transcription of the viral oncogenes E6 and E7 is regulated by expression of the E2 protein. Disruption of the E2 gene sequence due to viral integration results in upregulation of E6 and E7, which promote tumorigenesis by abrogating p53 and pRb functions. HPV integration sites in cervical and anogenital cancers have been mapped primarily to chromosomal fragile sites and in some cases have been shown to integrate within tumor suppressor genes or other cancer‐related genes. To study viral integration sites in SCCHN, we examined an HPV16‐infected SCCHN cell line cultured from a tongue‐base tumor. HPV fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed multiple integrated viral DNA copies in blocks throughout the genome. Sequential FISH and spectral karyotyping identified integration sites on chromosomes 3, 6, 9q, 13q and t(1;8)(q;?). Restriction site‐polymerase chain reaction (RS‐PCR) was performed to identify the viral‐cellular junctions. Sequence analyses confirmed integration sites at 9q31.1 and 6p21 and revealed a novel junction at 16p12.3. Subsequent chromosome breakage studies suggested that the observed viral‐cellular integration sites may have occurred within common fragile sites. Additional studies using RT‐PCR for E6∧E7 viral transcripts showed oncoprotein expression from episomal and integrated viral sequences. Our results suggest that viral integration of HPV in SCCHN appears to occur nonrandomly through targeting specific chromosomal sequences prone to breakage. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and pregnancy: report of four cases and literature review
Authors: Shamseddine Ali , Chehal Aref , Usta Ihab , Salem Ziad , El‐Saghir Nagi , Taher Ali 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a severe life‐threatening hematological disorder affecting the microcirculation of multiple organ systems. Infection, pregnancy, cancer, drugs, and surgery are frequently associated with the initial episodes and relapses. Women who are either pregnant or in the postpartum period make up 10–25% of TTP patients, suggesting the interrelationship between TTP and pregnancy. The introduction of aggressive treatment with plasma transfusion and plasmapheresis has improved maternal and fetal survival rates. We report four cases of pregnancy‐related TTP, describing the clinical course of patients, including response to therapy and pregnancy outcomes. Three out of four (75%) patients were treated by daily single session of plasmapheresis for a period ranged between 3 and 23 days. One patient had complete response to treatment with no sequelae, the second patient had resistant disease and died due to multiorgan failure, while the third patient had complete response after 2 episodes of TTP, which was complicated by intrauterine fetal growth retardation and death. Review of the previously reported cases of pregnancy‐related TTP and the current treatment options for this rare condition are discussed also. J. Clin. Apheresis 19:5–10. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Targeted inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor‐tyrosine kinase by ZD1839 (‘Iressa’) induces cell‐cycle arrest and inhibits proliferation in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Sgambato Alessandro , Camerini Andrea , Faraglia Beatrice , Ardito Raffaele , Bianchino Gabriella , Spada Daniele , Boninsegna Alma , Valentini Vincenzo , Cittadini Achille 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe epidermal growth factor (EGF) plays a role in the development of prostate cancer, which becomes essential after androgen resistance has emerged. The EGF receptor (EGFR) is therefore a potential target for anticancer therapy. We evaluated the effects of ZD1839 (‘Iressa’), an orally active EGFR—tyrosine kinase inhibitor, on prostate cancer cell lines. The effects of ZD1839 were evaluated on the anchorage dependent and independent growth of androgen‐responsive (LNCaP) and androgen‐independent (DU145 and PC3) cells by a cell proliferation assay, cell counting, and soft agar analysis. Flow cytometric analysis and Western blotting were used to assess the effects on the cell‐cycle and on protein expression levels, respectively. ZD1839 caused a dose‐ and time‐dependent growth inhibition in all three cell lines. A dose‐dependent supra‐additive increase in growth inhibition was observed when ZD1839 was combined with the antiandrogen flutamide or ionizing radiation (IR). The antiproliferative effect of ZD1839 was mainly cytostatic and associated with a block in the G0/G1 phase of the cell‐cycle, evident after about 12 h of treatment. In the DU145 cells this block was associated with an increase in expression of the CDK inhibitor p27Kip1, both in the cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions. The increase in p27Kip1 was not evident in the LNCaP and PC3 cells. No changes were observed in the expression of cyclin D1 protein. These results demonstrate the antiproliferative effects of ZD1839 on the growth of prostate cancer cells and suggest that inhibition of EGFR‐associated signal transduction pathway might represent a promising novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of prostate cancer. J. Cell. Physiol. 201: 97–105, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thyroid hormones regulate DNA‐synthesis and cell‐cycle proteins by activation of PKCα and p42/44 MAPK in chick embryo hepatocytes
Authors: Alisi A. , Spagnuolo S. , Napoletano S. , Spaziani A. , Leoni S. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe molecular mechanism by which thyroid hormones exert their effects on cell growth is still unknown. In this study, we used chick embryo hepatocytes at different stages of development as a model to investigate the effect of the two thyroid hormones, T3 and T4, and of their metabolite T2, on the control of cell proliferation. We observed that T2 provokes increase of DNA‐synthesis as well as T3 and T4, independently of developmental stage. We found that this stimulatory effect on the S phase is reverted by specific inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC) and p42/44 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (p42/44 MAPK), Ro 31‐8220 or PD 98059. Furthermore, the treatment with thyroid hormones induces the activation of PKCα and p42/44 MAPK, suggesting their role as possible downstream mediators of cell response mediated by thyroid hormones. The increase of DNA‐synthesis is well correlated with the increased levels of cyclin D1 and cdk4 that control the G1 phase, and also with the activities of cell‐cycle proteins involved in the G1 to S phase progression, such as cyclin E/A‐cdk2 complexes. Interestingly, the activity of cyclin‐cdk2 complexes is strongly repressed in the presence of PKC and p42/44 MAPK inhibitors. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the thyroid hormones could modulate different signaling pathways that are able to control cell‐cycle progression, mainly during G1/S transition. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of γ‐aminobutyric acid in early neuronal development: Studies with an embryonic neuroectodermal stem cell clone
Authors: Jelitai M. , Anděrová M. , Markó K. , Kékesi K. , Koncz P. , Syková E. , Madarász E. 
Published: April 2004

Abstractγ‐Aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been known to function as an autocrine/paracrine signal molecule in addition to its well‐known inhibitory neurotransmitter function. Studies on the developing brain and on primary brain cell cultures provided evidence for a variety of GABA functions in periods preceding the formation of synapses. The exact role of GABA in the early neural development, however, is still not well understood. In this study, one‐cell‐derived NE‐4C neuroectodermal stem cells were induced to form neurons and astrocytes in vitro, and the role of GABA was investigated in defined phases of neurogenesis. Noninduced NE‐4C cells contained GABA, expressed GABA(A)R α subunits, and carried functional GABA(A) ion channels. A moderate cytoplasmic GABA content was detected during the entire period of differentiation. By the time of the formation of differentiated neurons, neuron‐like cells with both high and low GABA content were clearly distinguishable. HPLC analysis indicated that NE‐4C cells released GABA into their fluid environment during all stages of neuronal development. By using the patch‐clamp technique, GABA‐evoked currents were recorded during the entire proliferation/differentiation period, whereas a GABA‐evoked increase in intracellular Ca2+ was detected only during the maturation of postmitotic neuronal precursors. Bicuculline blocked both the ion currents and the [Ca2+]i increase in response to GABA. Neuron formation was facilitated by GABA through GABA(A) ion channels during postmitotic differentiation, but not earlier during the phases of cell fate commitment. Although the data clearly demonstrate an early responsiveness to GABA, understanding the significance of GABA influence in early neural cell fate decisions will require further investigation. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Early adoption modifies the effects of prenatal stress on dopamine and glutamate receptors in adult rat brain
Authors: Barros Virginia G. , Berger María A. , Martijena Irene D. , Sarchi María I. , Pérez Adriana A. , Molina Victor A. , Tarazi Frank I. , Antonelli Marta C. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractStressful stimuli during pregnancy induce complex effects that influence the development of offspring. These effects can be prevented by environmental manipulations during the early postnatal period. Repeated restraint during the last week of pregnancy was used as a model of prenatal stress, and adoption at birth was used to change the postnatal environment. No differences were found in various physical landmarks, except for testis descent, for which all prenatally stressed pups showed a 1‐day delay in comparison with control rats, regardless of the postnatal adoption procedure. Levels of dopamine (DA) D2 and glutamate (Glu) N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors were differentially regulated in different forebrain regions of cross‐fostered adult offspring. Increased concentrations of cortical D2 receptors detected in stressed pups, raised by a gestationally stressed biological mother, were not detected when the pups were raised by a control mother. Control pups raised by a foster mother whether gestationally stressed or not had higher levels of NMDA receptors in cortical areas. These findings suggest that the normal expression of DA and Glu receptors is influenced by in utero experience and by lactation. The complex pattern of receptor changes reflects the high vulnerability of DA and Glu systems to variations both in prenatal and in postnatal environment, particularly for cortical D2 receptors and NMDA receptors in cerebral cortex and nucleus accumbens. In contrast, testis descent appears to be more susceptible to prenatal than to postnatal environmental events. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Superensemble prediction of regional precipitation over Korea
Authors: Kim Maeng‐Ki , Kang In‐Sik , Park Chung‐Kyu , Kim Kyu‐Myong 
Published: April 2004

AbstractSeasonal precipitation at the decadal time scale is predicted using the downscaling super ensemble (DSE) method, which is developed by combining the superensemble procedure with a statistical downscaling method in this study. The multi‐model data utilized are the long‐term integration of six atmosphere–ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) and the downscaling method is based on the singular value decomposition with the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) truncation to correct the systematic bias in the dynamic models.Interestingly, even though prediction skill in the training period is increased with increasing number of AOGCMs used, the skill is often decreased in the independent period. It is found that prediction skill in the independent period continues to rise when we use an optimal combination of predictors. The optimum combination used in constructing the superensemble model is the super‐3 ensemble, which is a combination of three AOGCMs (CCCma, CSIRO, and NCAR) among the six AOGCMs used in this study. In general, the first four EOFs of sea‐level pressure (SLP) in the super‐3 ensemble are very similar to those of the observed SLP. The dynamic link between Korean winter precipitation and East Asian monsoon circulation in the super‐3 ensemble is similar to that of the observed indicating that the super‐3 ensemble realistically simulates the circulations in the East Asian monsoon region. The cross‐validation for the prediction of the super‐3 ensemble shows that the correlation skill score is about 0.49, which is significant at the 5% level. The results provide hope for regional climate prediction in decadal time‐scales using superensemble methods together with statistical downscaling. Copyright © 2004 Royal Meteorological Society
Sustained Release of BSA from a Novel Drug Delivery Matrix – Bullfrog Skin Collagen Film
Authors: Li He , Wang Diqiang , Li Songjun , Liu Bailing , Gao Lizhen 
Published: April 2004

AbstractSummary: A novel drug delivery system, bullfrog skin collagen film, was employed to release bovine serum albumin (BSA). The biophysical properties of bullfrog skin collagen film used were evaluated by thermal denaturation temperature and percentage water loss. The film obtained exhibited good stability and can be taken as a good candidate for drug delivery matrix. Compared with conventional collagen from molecular weight and amino acid composition, bullfrog skin collagen showed significant differences. For safety considerations, bullfrog skin collagen has great advantages. The release kinetics of BSA from bullfrog skin collagen film was measured in vitro. The results indicated bullfrog skin collagen film could be used for sustained release of BSA. Thus, bullfrog skin collagen film can be taken as a novel drug delivery system.Morphology of frog collagen film with drug loaded after release.imageMorphology of frog collagen film with drug loaded after release.
Cover Picture: Macromol. Chem. Phys. 5/2004
Authors: Hu Xianbo , Lesser Alan J. 
Published: April 2004

Cover: Modified nanoclays have higher nucleation activity and are more effective nucleating agents for poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) than the unmodified counterpart. The most effective nucleating concentration of nanoclay is between 1.0–3.0 wt.%Further details can be found in the Full Paper by Xianbo Hu and Alan J. Lesser* on page 574.
Analysis of Polymorphism and Dual Crystalline Morphologies in Poly(hexamethylene terephthalate)
Authors: Woo Eamor , Wu Pi‐Ling , Chiang Chih‐Pei , Liu Hung‐Ling 
Published: April 2004

AbstractSummary: The polymorphisms in poly(hexamethylene terephthalate) (PHT), along with their associated melting and spherulite morphologies, were examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), and polarized‐light microscopy (PLM). The morphology and crystal cells were dependent on the temperature of crystallization. When melt‐crystallized at low temperatures (90–135 °C), PHT showed at least five melting peaks and two re‐crystallization peaks upon DSC scanning, and the samples displayed various fractions of both α and β crystals. However, only a single melting peak was obtained in PHT melt‐crystallized at 140 °C or above, which displayed a single type of β crystal. In addition, two different forms of spherulites were identified in melt‐crystallized PHT, with one being a typical Maltese‐cross spherulite containing the α crystal, and the other being a dendrite‐type packed mainly with the β crystal. This study provides timely evidence for a critical interpretation of the relationship between multiple melting and polymorphisms (unit cells and spherulites) in polymers, including semi‐crystalline polyesters.WAXD diffractograms for PHT melt‐crystallized at 140 °C, revealing a single type of β‐crystal cell.imageWAXD diffractograms for PHT melt‐crystallized at 140 °C, revealing a single type of β‐crystal cell.
Cover Picture: Macromol. Rapid Commun. 8/2004
Authors: Pan Qinmin , Rempel Garry L. 
Published: April 2004

Cover: The cover picture features new progress on the catalytic hydrogenation of styrene‐butadiene copolymer (SBS), in which the hydrogenation can be realized efficiently and the residual catalyst metal in the polymer can be less than 7 ppm before any post treatment. This new progress will simplify the post treatment, potentially extending the applications of the hydrogenated SBS to biomedical fields.Further details can be found in the Communication by Q. Pan* and G. L. Rempel* on page 843.
Risus sardonicus after thalamic haemorrhage
Authors: Sibon Igor , Burbaud Pierre 
Published: April 2004

AbstractWe describe an uncommon movement disorder after stroke. A 70‐year‐old man was admitted for a right thalamic haemorrhage and 1 week later developed bilateral contractions of the face. Electromyographic study revealed a bilateral facial dystonia. The association of this bilateral facial dystonia and vertical gaze palsy produced the aspect of a “risus sardonicus.” © 2003 Movement Disorder Society