bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of exposure to electromagnetic field on the cardiovascular system
Authors: Jeong J. H. , Kim J. S. , Lee B. C. , Min Y. S. , Kim D. S. , Ryu J. S. , Soh K. S. , Seo K. M. , Sohn U. D. 
Published: January 2005

Summary 1 We examined whether extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF‐EMF) affect the basal level of cardiovascular parameters and influence of drugs acting on the sympathetic nervous system. 2 Male rats were exposed to sham control and EMF (60 Hz, 20 G) for 1 (MF‐1) or 5 days (MF‐5). We evaluated the alterations of blood pressure (BP), pulse pressure (PP), heart rate (HR), and the PR interval, QRS interval and QT interval on the electrocardiogram and dysrhythmic ratio in basal level and dysrhythmia induced by β‐adrenoceptor agonists. 3 In terms of the basal levels, there were no statistically significant differences among control, MF‐1 and MF‐5 in PR interval, QRS interval, mean BP, HR and PP. However, the QT interval, representing ventricular repolarization, was significantly reduced by MF‐1 (P < 0.05). 4 (−)‐Dobutamine (β1‐adrenoceptor‐selective agonist)‐induced tachycardia was significantly suppressed by ELF‐EMF exposure in MF‐1 for the increase in HR (ΔHR), the decrease in QRS interval (ΔQRS) and the decrease in QT (ΔQT) interval. Adrenaline (nonselective β‐receptor agonist)‐induced dysrhythmia was also significantly suppressed by ELF‐EMF in MF‐1 for the number of missing beats, the dysrhythmic ratio, and the increase in BP and PP. 5 These results indicated that 1‐day exposure to ELF‐EMF (60 Hz, 20 G) could suppress the increase in HR by affecting ventricular repolarization and may have a down‐regulatory effect on responses of the cardiovascular system induced by sympathetic agonists.
Is cyclic AMP formation desensitized in patients with end‐stage renal failure?
Authors: Leineweber K. , Schwiebert C. , Büscher R. , Michel M. C. 
Published: January 2005

Summary 1 Cyclic AMP formation has consistently been reported to be desensitized in various tissues including heart of animal models of end‐stage renal failure (ESRF). In contrast, reports on desensitization of cAMP formation in ESRF patients remain contradictory. Whether this discrepancy results from a difference between human ESRF and its animal models or from the use of circulating blood cells in the human and various solid tissues in the animal studies, remains unclear. Therefore, we performed three studies with heart and platelets of ESRF patients undergoing haemodialysis or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and age‐ and gender‐matched controls with normal renal function (n = 11–13 each). 2 In platelets from haemodialysis patients adenylyl cyclase activity in response to receptor‐dependent and ‐independent agonists was reduced by ≈30%, and this could be explained by an alteration at the level of adenylyl cyclase itself. However, no such desensitization was seen in platelets from peritoneal dialysis patients. 3 In hearts from ESRF patients undergoing haemodialysis, β‐adrenoceptor density and subtype distribution, cAMP formation in response to the β‐adrenoceptor agonist isoprenaline or various receptor‐independent stimuli, were very similar to those in control patients but activity of G‐protein‐coupled receptor kinase was increased by ≈20%. 4 We conclude that conflicting reports on the desensitization of cAMP formation between ESRF patients and ESRF animal models are not explained by the use of solid tissues in animal studies vs. circulating blood cells in patient studies. Rather desensitization of cAMP formation seems to be a less consistent feature of human ESRF than of its animal models.
Numerical and functional responses of breeding passerine species to mass occurrence of geometrid caterpillars in a subalpine birch forest: a 30‐year study
Authors: HOGSTAD OLAV 
Published: January 2005

In northern Fennoscandia, the geometrid moths Epirrita autumnata and Operophtera brumata have cyclicities in density with mass occurrence at 10‐year intervals. The larvae of Epirrita and Operophtera attain a size of 2–3 cm and 1.5–2 cm, respectively, and are nutritious food items for passerine birds. To examine whether these larvae have any numerical and/or functional influence on a passerine bird community (mountain birch forest in Budal, central Norway) during a 30‐year period (1972–2001), I estimated their abundance (number of larvae per 100 sweeps) in the birch canopy, and the densities of breeding birds in the passerine community. In addition, from 1972 to 1998, I monitored the nesting success of five of the bird species. The foraging pattern of the most abundant bird species and their gizzard contents (adults and nestlings) were examined in 1972–78 (covering population peaks of both the geometrids). Population peaks of Epirrita occurred in 1975–76, 1985–86 and 1996, and of Operophtera in 1976–77, 1986–87 and 1997–98. The passerine community consisted of eight species that were territorial in all 30 years, one species in 26 years, three species in 14–21 years and three species in 1–4 years. Only the Brambling Fringilla montifringilla population responded numerically to the fluctuations of Epirrita and Operophtera. Brambling was also the only species whose mean clutch size varied between years, and this correlated positively with the density of Epirrita. The mean annual nesting success of Willow Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus, Bluethroat Luscinia svecica and Common Redpoll Carduelis flammea tended to be higher in years with mass outbreaks of Epirrita, but was significantly so only for Reed Bunting Emberiza schoeniclus. The abundance of Operophtera larvae showed no influence on the nesting success of any bird species. The passerines foraged more frequently in the birch canopy in the Epirrita outbreak years (1975–76) than in the years before or after. Gizzard analyses of five adult passerine species and their nestlings showed that Epirrita was the main food item in 1974–76. Even though Operophtera occurred in large numbers in birch trees in 1976 and 1977, only a few larvae were found in the gizzards of the passerines. None of the passerines showed an increase in their population density in the year following the larval outbreaks, but the densities of Willow Warbler and Bluethroat increased in the succeeding year, indicating a higher return rate for these species. The study shows the existence of a dietary response and also indicates a reproductive response to the changes in the abundance of Epirrita in mountain birch forest. The lack of numerical response in the passerines (except the Brambling) to the fluctuation in Epirrita contrasts with the pattern described for passerine communities in northern temperate deciduous forests in North America, where Lepidoptera caterpillars periodically have mass outbreaks.
Inhibitory Effects of Clofilium on Membrane Currents Associated with Ca<sup>2+</sup> Channels, NMDA Receptor Channels and Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase in Cortical Neurons
Authors: Yang Aizhen , Wang Xue Qing , Sun Chuan-Shu , Wei Ling , Yu Shan Ping 
Published: January 2005

The class III antiarrhythmic agent 4-chloro-N,N-diethyl-N-heptyl-benzene butanaminium (clofilium) is known as a K<sup>+</sup> channel open-channel blocker and has either anti- or proapoptotic property due to undefined mechanisms. Based on the evidence that neuronal viability is largely, sometimes critically, affected by voltage- and ligand-gated Ca<sup>2+</sup> channels and the Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase, we tested the hypothesis that clofilium might additionally act on Ca<sup>2+</sup> permeable ion channels and the Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase. Membrane currents associated with activities of voltage-gated Ca<sup>2+</sup> channels, N-methyl-<i>D-</i>aspartate (NMDA) receptor channels and Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase were recorded using whole-cell recordings in cultured murine cortical neurons. Clofilium (0.1–100 µmol/l) inhibited high voltage-activated Ca<sup>2+</sup> currents in concentration- and use-dependent manners. Clofilium acted as a potent antagonist of NMDA receptor channels, preferably blocked the NMDA steady-state current at a low concentration (0.1 µmol/l). At concentrations of >100 µmol/l, clofilium blocked both peak and steady-state NMDA currents in a voltage-independent manner. Clofilium also inhibited the Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase current with an IC<sub>50</sub> of 7.5 µmol/l. Our data suggest that the pharmacological action of clofilium is far more complex than recognized before; the multiple actions of clofilium on membrane conductance may explain its diverse effects on cellular events and cell viability.
Protective Effects of Insulin during Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Hamster Cheek Pouch Microcirculation
Authors: Colantuoni A. , Lapi D. , Paterni M. , Marchiafava P.L. 
Published: January 2005

<i>Objective:</i> The effects of insulin (0.18 n<i>M</i>–0.18 µ<i>M</i>) on reduced capillary perfusion, microvascular permeability increase and leukocyte adhesion induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury were investigated in the hamster cheek pouch microcirculation. To gain insight into the insulin’s mechanism of action, the effects of its higher concentration (0.18 µ<i>M</i>) were investigated after inhibition of tyrosine kinase (TK), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), protein kinase C (PKC), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and K<sup>+</sup><sub>(ATP)</sub> channels, alone or in combination. Two concentrations for each inhibitor were used. <i>Methods:</i> Microcirculation was visualized by fluorescence microscopy. Perfused capillary length, microvascular permeability, leukocyte adhesion to venular walls, vessel diameter and capillary red blood cell velocity were assessed by computer-assisted methods. Measurements were made at baseline (B), after 30 min of ischemia (I), and after 30 min of reperfusion (R). <i>Results:</i> In control animals, perfused capillary length decreased by 63 ± 5% of baseline at R. Microvascular permeability increased at I and R, while leukocyte adhesion was most pronounced in V1 postcapillary venules at R. Insulin dose-dependently preserved capillary perfusion at R (–28 ± 6 and –15 ± 6% of baseline), but was unable to prevent the increase in permeability at I (0.25 ± 0.05 and 0.29 ± 0.06 Normalized Grey Levels, NGL) and R (0.49 ± 0.10 and 0.53 ± 0.09 NGL), according to the concentrations. Adhesion of leukocytes was observed mostly in V3 venules at R (9 ± 2 and 10 ± 2/100 µm venular length, with the lower and higher concentration, respectively). Nitric oxide synthase inhibition by N<sup>G</sup>-nitro-<i>L</i>-arginine-methyl ester prior to insulin did not affect capillary perfusion at R (–18 ± 3% of baseline with higher concentration), but prevented permeability increase (0.20 ± 0.04 NGL, according to higher concentration) and reduced leukocyte adhesion in V3 venules at R (1.5 ± 1.0/100 µm of venular length, with higher concentration). Blockade of K<sup>+</sup><sub>(ATP)</sub> channels by glibenclamide prior to insulin decreased perfused capillary length at R (–58 ± 6% of baseline with higher concentration), attenuated leakage at R (0.30 ± 0.04 NGL, according to higher concentration) and caused leukocyte adhesion mainly in V1 venules at R (9.0 ± 1.5/100 µm of venular length, with higher concentration). Inhibition of either TK, PKC or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase did not affect microvascular responses to insulin. Simultaneous inhibition of TK and NOS did not increase protection. <i>Conclusions:</i> Insulin prevents ischemia-reperfusion injury by promoting capillary perfusion through an apparent activation of K<sup>+</sup><sub>(ATP)</sub> channels and increase in nitric oxide release.
Molecular mechanisms of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
Authors: Groneberg David A , Hilgenfeld Rolf , Zabel Peter 
Published: January 2005

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a new infectious disease caused by a novel coronavirus that leads to deleterious pulmonary pathological features. Due to its high morbidity and mortality and widespread occurrence, SARS has evolved as an important respiratory disease which may be encountered everywhere in the world. The virus was identified as the causative agent of SARS due to the efforts of a WHO-led laboratory network. The potential mutability of the SARS-CoV genome may lead to new SARS outbreaks and several regions of the viral genomes open reading frames have been identified which may contribute to the severe virulence of the virus. With regard to the pathogenesis of SARS, several mechanisms involving both direct effects on target cells and indirect effects via the immune system may exist. Vaccination would offer the most attractive approach to prevent new epidemics of SARS, but the development of vaccines is difficult due to missing data on the role of immune system-virus interactions and the potential mutability of the virus. Even in a situation of no new infections, SARS remains a major health hazard, as new epidemics may arise. Therefore, further experimental and clinical research is required to control the disease.
The effect of IL-13 and IL-13R130Q, a naturally occurring IL-13 polymorphism, on the gene expression of human airway smooth muscle cells
Authors: Syed Farhat , Panettieri Reynold A , Tliba Omar , Huang Chris , Li Katherine , Bracht Michelle , Amegadzie Bernard , Griswold Don , Li Li , Amrani Yassine 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
Background
Growing evidence shows that interleukin 13 (IL-13) may play an essential role in the development of airway inflammation and bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR), two defining features of asthma. Although the underlying mechanisms remain unknown, a number of reports have shown that IL-13 may exert its deleterious effects in asthma by directly acting on airway resident cells, including epithelial cells and airway smooth muscle cells. In this report, we hypothesize that IL-13 may participate in the pathogenesis of asthma by activating a set of "pro-asthmatic" genes in airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells.

Methods
Microarray technology was used to study the modulation of gene expression of airway smooth muscle by IL-13 and IL-13R130Q. TaqMan™ Real Time PCR and flow cytometry was used to validate the gene array data.

Results
IL-13 and the IL-13 polymorphism IL-13R130Q (Arg130Gln), recently associated with allergic asthma, seem to modulate the same set of genes, which encode many potentially interesting proteins including vascular cellular adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, IL-13Rα2, Tenascin C and Histamine Receptor H1, that may be relevant for the pathogenesis of asthma.

Conclusions
The data supports the hypothesis that gene modulation by IL-13 in ASM may be essential for the events leading to the development of allergic asthma.
MILANO – custom annotation of microarray results using automatic literature searches
Authors: Rubinstein Ran , Simon Itamar 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
Background
High-throughput genomic research tools are becoming standard in the biologist's toolbox. After processing the genomic data with one of the many available statistical algorithms to identify statistically significant genes, these genes need to be further analyzed for biological significance in light of all the existing knowledge. Literature mining – the process of representing literature data in a fashion that is easy to relate to genomic data – is one solution to this problem.

Results
We present a web-based tool, MILANO (Microarray Literature-based Annotation), that allows annotation of lists of genes derived from microarray results by user defined terms. Our annotation strategy is based on counting the number of literature co-occurrences of each gene on the list with a user defined term. This strategy allows the customization of the annotation procedure and thus overcomes one of the major limitations of the functional annotations usually provided with microarray results. MILANO expands the gene names to include all their informative synonyms while filtering out gene symbols that are likely to be less informative as literature searching terms. MILANO supports searching two literature databases: GeneRIF and Medline (through PubMed), allowing retrieval of both quick and comprehensive results. We demonstrate MILANO's ability to improve microarray analysis by analyzing a list of 150 genes that were affected by p53 overproduction. This analysis reveals that MILANO enables immediate identification of known p53 target genes on this list and assists in sorting the list into genes known to be involved in p53 related pathways, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.

Conclusions
MILANO provides a useful tool for the automatic custom annotation of microarray results which is based on all the available literature. MILANO has two major advances over similar tools: the ability to expand gene names to include all their informative synonyms while removing synonyms that are not informative and access to the GeneRIF database which provides short summaries of curated articles relevant to known genes. MILANO is available at http://milano.md.huji.ac.il.
A7DB: a relational database for mutational, physiological and pharmacological data related to the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
Authors: Buckingham Steven D , Pym Luanda , Jones Andrew K , Brown Laurence , Sansom Mark SP , Sattelle David B , Biggin Philip C 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
Background
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are pentameric proteins that are important drug targets for a variety of diseases including Alzheimer's, schizophrenia and various forms of epilepsy. One of the most intensively studied nAChR subunits in recent years has been α7. This subunit can form functional homomeric pentamers (α7)5, which can make interpretation of physiological and structural data much simpler. The growing amount of structural, pharmacological and physiological data for these receptors indicates the need for a dedicated and accurate database to provide a means to access this information in a coherent manner.

Description
A7DB http://www.lgics.org/a7db/ is a new relational database of manually curated experimental physiological data associated with the α7 nAChR. It aims to store as much of the pharmacology, physiology and structural data pertaining to the α7 nAChR. The data is accessed via web interface that allows a user to search the data in multiple ways: 1) a simple text query 2) an incremental query builder 3) an interactive query builder and 4) a file-based uploadable query. It currently holds more than 460 separately reported experiments on over 85 mutations.

Conclusions
A7DB will be a useful tool to molecular biologists and bioinformaticians not only working on the α7 receptor family of proteins but also in the more general context of nicotinic receptor modelling. Furthermore it sets a precedent for expansion with the inclusion of all nicotinic receptor families and eventually all cys-loop receptor families.
Public appraisal of government efforts and participation intent in medico-ethical policymaking in Japan: a large scale national survey concerning brain death and organ transplant
Authors: Sato Hajime , Akabayashi Akira , Kai Ichiro 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
Background
Public satisfaction with policy process influences the legitimacy and acceptance of policies, and conditions the future political process, especially when contending ethical value judgments are involved. On the other hand, public involvement is required if effective policy is to be developed and accepted.

Methods
Using the data from a large-scale national opinion survey, this study evaluates public appraisal of past government efforts to legalize organ transplant from brain-dead bodies in Japan, and examines the public's intent to participate in future policy.

Results
A relatively large percentage of people became aware of the issue when government actions were initiated, and many increasingly formed their own opinions on the policy in question. However, a significant number (43.3%) remained unaware of any legislative efforts, and only 26.3% of those who were aware provided positive appraisals of the policymaking process. Furthermore, a majority of respondents (61.8%) indicated unwillingness to participate in future policy discussions of bioethical issues. Multivariate analysis revealed the following factors are associated with positive appraisals of policy development: greater age; earlier opinion formation; and familiarity with donor cards. Factors associated with likelihood of future participation in policy discussion include younger age, earlier attention to the issue, and knowledge of past government efforts. Those unwilling to participate cited as their reasons that experts are more knowledgeable and that the issues are too complex.

Conclusions
Results of an opinion survey in Japan were presented, and a set of factors statistically associated with them were discussed. Further efforts to improve policy making process on bioethical issues are desirable.
Examination of Cholesterol oxidase attachment to magnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Kouassi Gilles K , Irudayaraj Joseph , McCarty Gregory 
Published: January 2005

AbstractMagnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4) were synthesized by thermal co-precipitation of ferric and ferrous chlorides. The sizes and structure of the particles were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The size of the particles was in the range between 9.7 and 56.4 nm. Cholesterol oxidase (CHO) was successfully bound to the particles via carbodiimide activation. FTIR spectroscopy was used to confirm the binding of CHO to the particles. The binding efficiency was between 98 and 100% irrespective of the amount of particles used. Kinetic studies of the free and bound CHO revealed that the stability and activity of the enzyme were significantly improved upon binding to the nanoparticles. Furthermore, the bound enzyme exhibited a better tolerance to pH, temperature and substrate concentration. The activation energy for free and bound CHO was 13.6 and 9.3 kJ/mol, respectively. This indicated that the energy barrier of CHO activity was reduced upon binding onto Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The improvements observed in activity, stability, and functionality of CHO resulted from structural and conformational changes of the bound enzyme. The study indicates that the stability and activity of CHO could be enhanced via attachment to magnetic nanoparticles and subsequently will contribute to better uses of this enzyme in various biological and clinical applications.
Intersections of Local and Global Processes in African Communities: On Multivocality and Context
Authors: De Jorio Rosa 
Published: January 2005

Taxi to Timbuktu. 1994. 50 minutes. Directed by Christopher Walker. Produced by Faction Films. First Run/Icarus Films, 153 Waverly Place, New York, NY 10014. (212) 727‐1711. Available in video.Have. Problem, Madam. 1995. 59 minutes. Directed by Maarten Schmidt and Thomas Doebele. Produced by Bernard Neuhaus. First Run/Icarus Films, 153 Waverly Place, New York, NY 10014. (212) 727‐1711. Available in video and 16 mm.
Women in Cairo
Authors: Myntti Cynthia 
Published: January 2005

Development, Change, and Gender in Cairo:. View from the Household. Diane Singerman and Homa Hoodfar. eds. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1996. 189 pp.Tomorrow, God Willing: Self‐Made Destinies in Cairo. Unni Wikan. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996. 333 pp.
Pacific Islanders at Sea
Authors: Finney Ben 
Published: January 2005

Seafaring in the Contemporary Pacific Islands: Studies in Continuity and Change, Richard Feinberg. ed. Dekalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 1995. 237 pp.Guardians of the Marovo Lagoon: Practice, Place and Politics in Maritime Melanesia. Edvard Hviding. Pacific Islands Monograph, 14. Honolulu; University of Hawaii Press, 1996.473 pp.
Taphonomies of Topography: From the Death of "Place" to Its Hyphenated Apotheosis
Authors: Thornton Robert 
Published: January 2005

Non‐Places: Introduction to an Anthropology of Supermodernity. Marc Augé. London: Verso, 1995. 122 pp.Landscape and Power in Vienna. Robert Rotenberg. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995. 385 pp.Imagineering Atlanta: The Politics of Place in the City of Dreams. Charles Rutheiser. London: Verso, 1996. 322 pp.