bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Independent and interactive effects of diet and entomopathogenic microsporidia on an outbreaking forest insect defoliator
Authors: Flaherty Leah , Preti Flavio , Ishangulyyeva Guncha , Erbilgin Nadir , Whidden Taylar , Evenden Maya 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Insect herbivore diet mediates interactions with entomopathogens, yet this is relatively unexplored for microsporidia. Here, we examine a diet‐mediated tri‐trophic interaction between an outbreaking forest defoliator, forest tent caterpillar (FTC) Malacosoma disstria Hübner and Nosema sp. microsporidia.
We conducted two experiments where diet quality was manipulated by incorporating lyophilized aspen (Populus tremuloides Michaux) foliage into an artificial diet, which was compared to a standard artificial diet. Diet quantity varied between fully fed and partially starved conditions, simulating an outbreak scenario. Microsporidia infection occurred naturally or was induced via experimental inoculation. We assessed FTC survival, microsporidia infection and load, and sublethal effects of treatments on FTC traits.
Plant secondary metabolite concentrations in aspen‐augmented diets varied between experiments. In Experiment 1, the aspen‐augmented diet contained lyophilized aspen foliage with low concentrations of secondary metabolites, which increased FTC survival and reduced microsporidia infection. Diet quality and infection load also interactively influenced adult wing traits in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, the aspen‐augmented diet contained lyophilized aspen foliage with higher concentrations of secondary metabolites, which negatively affected FTC. No diet‐mediated interactions with microsporidia were observed in Experiment 2.
Diet quality (Experiments 1 and 2), diet quantity (Experiment 2) and microsporidia infection (Experiments 1 and 2) directly influenced FTC survival and/or had sublethal effects on FTC that may have cascading effects on population dynamics and dispersal.
We demonstrated that diet quality can mediate interactions between FTC and microsporidia, but these interactions depend on the defensive chemistry of the FTC diet. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report diet‐mediated interactions between an outbreaking forest pest and microsporidia and one of only a few studies to examine this tri‐trophic interaction among Lepidoptera.
Navigating, being tricked, and blaming oneself—A meta‐synthesis of youth's experience of involvement in online child sexual abuse
Authors: Stänicke Line Indrevoll , Reiremo Gry Katrin , Scheie Sebastian Istad , Jessen Reidar Schei , Jensen Tine K. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSocial media use is an integrated part of youth's social life, enabling access to knowledge and social exploration, but it also increases the risk of experiencing online child sexual abuse (OCSA). Quantitative reviews of OCSA provide insights into prevalence, risk factors, and mental health outcomes, but we have limited knowledge about how youth experience OCSA. This study aims to synthesize qualitative studies on youth's (12–24 years of age) first‐person experiences of OCSA. We conducted a systematic database search and included 16 studies. The meta‐synthesis resulted in three meta‐themes: (1) “Navigating in a digital world – feeling safe and understood,” (2) “Being lured, tricked, and caught up in online child sexual abuse,” and (3) “Facing the consequences – feeling powerless and blaming oneself.” Although the studies included most females, findings apply to all genders and across ages. The results highlight how online sexual engagement is a way to explore social and sexual relationships and address a basic need to be understood and supported. However, when trust is misused, developmental tasks related to autonomy and agency may be shattered, replaced with shame and self‐blame. These findings point to the need to openly and nonjudgementally address OCSA so that it can be disclosed, and the psychological impact can be addressed.
Thymoma‐associated autoimmune encephalitis with myasthenia gravis: Case series and literature review
Authors: Su Miao , Luo Qiuyan , Wu Zichao , Feng Huiyu , Zhou Hongyan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis comprehensive review aimed to compile cases of patients with thymoma diagnosed with both autoimmune encephalitis (AE) and myasthenia gravis (MG), and describe their clinical characteristics.MethodsClinical records of 3 AE patients in the first affiliated hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University were reviewed. All of them were diagnosed with AE between 1 November 2021 and 1 March 2022, and clinical evidence about thymoma and MG was found. All published case reports were searched for comprehensive literature from January 1990 to June 2022.ResultsA total of 18 cases diagnosed with thymoma‐associated autoimmune encephalitis (TAAE) and thymoma‐associated myasthenia gravis (TAMG) were included in this complication, wherein 3 cases were in the first affiliated hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University and the other 15 were published case reports. 5/18 patients had alpha‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid receptor antibody (AMPAR‐Ab) in their serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). All of them had positive anti‐acetylcholine receptor antibody (AChR‐Ab). And 12/18 patients showed a positive response to thymectomy and immunotherapy. Besides, thymoma recurrences were detected because of AE onset. And the shortest interval between operation and AE onset was 2 years in patients with thymoma recurrence.ConclusionsThere was no significant difference in the clinical manifestations between these patients and others with only TAMG or TAAE. TAAE was commonly associated with AMPAR2‐Ab. Significantly, AE more commonly heralded thymoma recurrences than MG onset. And the intervals of thymectomy and MG or AE onset had different meanings for thymoma recurrence and prognoses of patients.
Alterations in cortical volume and complexity in Parkinson's disease with depression
Authors: Yuan Jiaying , Liu Yujing , Liao Haiyan , Tan Changlian , Cai Sainan , Shen Qin , Liu Qinru , Wang Min , Tang Yuqing , Li Xu , Liu Jun , Zi Yuheng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study is to investigate differences in gray matter volume and cortical complexity between Parkinson's disease with depression (PDD) patients and Parkinson's disease without depression (PDND) patients.MethodsA total of 41 PDND patients, 36 PDD patients, and 38 healthy controls (HC) were recruited and analyzed by Voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) and surface‐based morphometry (SBM). Differences in gray matter volume and cortical complexity were compared using the one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and correlated with the Hamilton Depression Scale‐17 (HAMD‐17) scores.ResultsPDD patients exhibited significant cortical atrophy in various regions, including bilateral medial parietal–occipital–temporal lobes, right dorsolateral temporal lobes, bilateral parahippocampal gyrus, and bilateral hippocampus, compared to HC and PDND groups. A negative correlation between the GMV of left precuneus and HAMD‐17 scores in the PDD group tended to be significant (r = −0.318, p = 0.059). Decreased gyrification index was observed in the bilateral insular and dorsolateral temporal cortex. However, there were no significant differences found in fractal dimension and sulcal depth.ConclusionOur research shows extensive cortical structural changes in the insular cortex, parietal–occipital–temporal lobes, and hippocampal regions in PDD. This provides a morphological perspective for understanding the pathophysiological mechanism underlying depression in Parkinson's disease.
Making observations: Co‐design of an observation tool for and with maker educators
Authors: Wardrip Peter Samuelson , White Annie , Bank Alison , Brahms Lisa 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we share and reflect on the co‐development of an assessment tool for educators; an observation tool to identify evidence of learning and engagement in a museum and library makerspaces. Through a collaborative and iterative design process with educators, we co‐developed, revised, and refined an observation tool to be used by maker educators, researchers, and evaluators. Through this process, we evolved roles that leveraged the strengths and perspectives of both the researchers and educators involved. We also discuss implications for co‐design as an approach for professional learning of informal educators.
Policies for recovery from drug use: Differences between public stigma and perceived stigma and associated factors
Authors: Luo Tingyu , Xu Shuping , Zhang Kun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionPublic stigma towards people who use drugs is widespread and places obstacles in way of their recovery. Previous studies have used different approaches to measure public stigma, resulting in a notable gap in the understanding of the relationship between it and its associated factors. Some studies measure public stigma by assessing stigma perceived by those who use drugs, while others investigate attitudes towards them among the general public. This study aimed to compare perceived and public stigma, and factors related to these two variables.MethodsThe study comprised a cross‐sectional survey in China of two samples: males who used drugs (N = 257) and the general public (N = 376). The survey assessed demographic variables, social distance, public stigma and perceived stigma of those who use drugs. The data were analysed using t‐tests and linear regression.ResultsPublic stigma was significantly higher than perceived stigma. The findings indicated that gender, knowledge of drugs, family relationships with people who use drugs, attributions of drug use and social distance were significantly related to levels of public stigma. Among those who use drugs, perceived stigma was significantly correlated with age, marital status, duration of drug abstinence and social distance.Discussion and ConclusionsFindings indicate that public stigma undermines the recovery of people who use drugs and highlight the importance of interaction between them and the social environment. The study also underscores the necessity of developing policies to enhance their integration into mainstream culture and provide access to social support and life activities.
Spillover in higher‐order moments across carbon and energy markets: A portfolio view
Authors: Ahmed Rizwan , Bouri Elie , Hosseini Seyedmehdi , Hussain Shahzad Syed J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMotivated by the occurrence of extreme events and nonnormality of returns, we examine the spillovers among the conditional volatility, skewness and (excess) kurtosis of European Union allowances (EUA), Brent oil, natural gas, coal, electricity and clean energy markets. The jointly estimated spillover index in the system of the three higher‐order moments is notably high, exceeding the spillover index estimated for each individual moment separately. This suggests that spillovers across moments in the carbon‐energy system are important for the sake of completeness of the spillover analysis, and should not be ignored. The performance of the portfolio improves after considering higher‐order moments.
Effect of surface roughness and polishing orientation on fatigue life and fracture fatigue entropy
Authors: Hebert John , Khonsari M. M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe effect of surface roughness and polishing orientation on fatigue life is investigated. Fully reversed bending fatigue tests are conducted on ASTM A1008 specimens having surface roughness asperities ranging from mirror finish (Ra = 0.05 μm) to coarse (Ra = 1.5 μm). Two polishing directions (i.e., orientations) are examined. For the range of roughness values tested, the results suggest that polishing orientation has a strong influence on fatigue life. Specifically, within the range of surface roughness values tested, fatigue life was found to be relatively insensitive to surface roughness asperities when the roughness orientation was parallel to the direction of surface stress but sensitive to surface roughness asperities when the orientation crossed the direction of surface stress. Results are generalized using the concept of fracture fatigue entropy (FFE). It is shown that, unlike fatigue life, FFE is independent of polishing orientation, a noteworthy result. To explain the behavior of FFE in relation to surface roughness asperities, a fatigue thermodynamics theory is presented that hypothesizes that all specimens of the same material fail at equivalent entropy levels.
Adrenal insufficiency in hemodialysis patients—An under‐recognized problem: A case series
Authors: Shah Krupa , Wong Jeffrey , Mac Kathy , Lau Namson S. , Wong Vincent M. , Makris Angela 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAdrenal insufficiency is an uncommon disorder and presents with non‐specific symptoms. Identifying adrenal insufficiency in patients with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis is increasingly difficult as there is a significant overlap of the signs and symptoms of adrenal insufficiency with those seen in chronic kidney failure. We highlight this diagnostic uncertainty in a case series of three patients with chronic kidney disease requiring hemodialysis as renal replacement therapy from a single center identified as hypoadrenal. Steroid replacement improved symptoms and hemodynamic parameters. Increased vigilance for adrenal insufficiency in dialysis patients is necessary. It is likely under recognized in hemodialysis patients given their multi‐morbidity.
Randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled cosmetic trial of a topical first‐in‐class Neutraligand targeting the chemokine TARC/CCL17 in mild‐to‐moderate atopic dermatitis
Authors: Frossard Nelly , Coïc Alexandra , Saguet Thibaut , Coïc Alain , Himbert Franck , Do Quoc Tuan , Galzi Jean‐Luc , Suehs Carey , Guillaumet Gerald , Bonnet Pascal , Bernard Philippe 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis has a marked economic impact and affects the quality of life. A cosmetic compound with an innovative strategy is proposed here as a small chemical neutraligand, GPN279 (previously identified as a theophylline derivative), that binds and potently neutralizes the TARC/CCL17 chemokine, activating the Th2 cell‐expressed CCR4 receptor.ObjectiveOur objective was to evaluate the safety and activity of topically applied GPN279 in mild‐to‐moderate atopic dermatitis patients in a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel group trial. Such cosmetic active ingredient targeting dry skin with an atopic tendency would open a parallel strategy to the pharmaceutical approach, in particular for mild to moderate subjects, as an alternative to reduce the evolution towards severe forms of atopy.MethodsThis 4‐week trial included adults with mild‐to‐moderate atopic dermatitis, according to the SCORAD index. Patients were randomized into two groups treated by topical applications of either an emulsion containing 0.44% GPN279 in placebo on skin lesions or the placebo (4.56% glycerin). Clinical activity was evaluated with the SCORAD as the primary objective. As secondary objectives, POEM, erythema, skin moisturization, its barrier function (TEWL) and safety were evaluated.ResultsTwenty‐one patients in each group completed the study. SCORAD was significantly improved in the GPN279 group vs. placebo. GPN279 also significantly improved POEM, induced a rapid and significant decrease of erythema, and improved skin moisture. GPN279 and placebo were well tolerated throughout the study.ConclusionA cosmetic cream comprising the CCL17 neutraligand GPN279 improved the skin barrier and physiology criteria in patients with mild‐to‐moderate atopic dermatitis.
Prevalence of overweight and obesity and associated demographic and health factors in India: Findings from Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS)
Authors: Sethi Vani , Bassi Shalini , Bahl Deepika , Kumar Abhishek , Choedon Tashi , Bhatia Neena , de Wagt Arjan , Joe William , Arora Monika 
Published: February 2024

SummaryBackgroundChildhood obesity (5–9 years) in India is likely to contribute 11% to the global burden by 2030.MethodsData from India's Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS, 2016–2018) was used to assess the prevalence and key associated factors of overweight and obesity. Multivariable logistic regression models were applied to identify potential determinants associated with being overweight and obese.ResultsOverweight prevalence (including obesity) varied from 1.6% (0–4 years) to 4.8% (10–19 years). The majority of states reported a higher proportion of adolescents overweight and obese, than younger age group 5–9 years. A significantly higher prevalence of children and adolescents with obesity was reported in higher wealth quintiles and residents of urban areas. The prevalence of overweight and obesity and associated demographic and health factors in India included: the presence of NCD risk factor (adolescents: 1.68, 95% CI [1.31–2.14]), micronutrient deficiency (5–9 years children: 1.72, 95% CI [1.30–2.28]), mother's education (5–9 years children: 4.84, 95% CI [2.92–8.03]; adolescents: 2.17, 95% CI [1.42–3.32]), wealth (adolescents: 1.92, 95% CI [1.16–3.19]), place of residence (5–9 years children: 1.68, 95% CI [1.39–2.03]; adolescents: 1.39, 95% CI [1.16–1.66]), child age (5–9 years children: 1.64, 95% CI [1.40–1.93], and screen‐time (adolescents: 1.63, 95% CI [1.22–2.19].ConclusionThe findings set out policy and research recommendations to pave the path for curtailing the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity and achieving the World Health Assembly's Global Nutrition target of ‘no increase in childhood overweight (Target 4) by 2025’.
Analysis of pathogen distribution and associated risk factors for surgical site infections following laparoscopic urological surgeries
Authors: Wang Ke , Jiang Ye , Cao Wei , Zhao Runheng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSurgical site infections (SSIs) pose a significant complication following laparoscopic urological surgeries, impacting patient recovery and healthcare resources. Understanding the pathogen distribution and identifying associated risk factors for SSIs is critical for improving surgical outcomes. A retrospective analysis was performed on 90 patients, from March 2020 to June 2023, to investigate the risk factors and pathogen profiles in SSIs post‐laparoscopic urological procedures. Patients with documented infections were compared to a control group without SSIs. Data on demographics, comorbidities and perioperative variables were collected. Pathogens were identified using the VITEK‐2 Compact system. Statistical analyses included univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. Upon evaluation, demographic and clinical characteristics showed no significant variance in patients with SSIs compared to those without such infections. The predominant pathogen identified was Escherichia coli. Administration of prophylactic antibiotics correlated with a reduced incidence of SSIs, whereas an array of risk factors including surgery duration of 2 h or more, anaemia, white blood cell counts exceeding 10 × 109/L, a history of urinary tract infections, the presence of diabetes mellitus and incidences of urinary leakage post‐surgery were identified as contributors to a heightened risk of SSIs. Prophylactic antibiotics serve as a protective factor against SSIs, whereas several modifiable risk factors, including operation duration, anaemia, elevated leukocytes, history of urinary infections, diabetes and urinary leakage, contribute to the increased risk.
The effect of hyaluronic acid and iodine complex gel compared to Vaseline on deep second‐degree burn wound in rats
Authors: Farokh Forghani Siamak , Bagheri Tooran , Naderi Gharahgheshlagh Soheila , Hoveidamanesh Soodabeh , Ghadimi Tayyeb , Ghorbanian Kelachayeh Sara , Irilouzadian Rana 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe combination of hyaluronic acid and iodine (Hyodine) has sparked interest in wound care and could have valuable applications in treating burn injuries. We aimed to provide valuable insight into the potential advantages, limitations, and implications of using Hyodine in burn wound management. We studied 25 male rats to assess the clinical outcomes and wound‐healing effects of Hyodine. Each rat received a deep second‐degree burn wound on their back using metal stamps. Subsequently, the rats were then randomly split into two groups. The first group was treated with a layer of Hyodine gel, while the second group received Vaseline. The burn sites were photographed on days 1, 7, 14, and 21 using a digital camera. After excision of the burn wounds, histopathology slides were stained and evaluated in terms of the degree of epithelialization, angiogenesis, inflammatory cells' infiltration, and collagen amount and arrangement. Despite a non‐significant difference regarding the extent of burn wound area between intervention and control groups in the first day of experiment, the rats that were treated with Vaseline showed a significant decrease compared to those who received Hyodine in the second and third weeks (p = 0.02). On the other hand, epithelialization, pathology score, and collagen synthesis were significantly different between days 7, 14, and 21 of each group. However, collagen arrangement and neovascularization were only significantly different between days 7, 14, and 21 in Hyodine group (p = 0.02 and p = 0.03, respectively). The Hyodine gel may offer beneficial outcomes in patients with a burn wound. Based on our findings, despite a non‐significant difference in the extent of burn wound area, using Hyodine revealed a significant improvement in different histopathological variables including neovascularization, and collagen arrangement.
Effects of negative pressure wound therapy on wound infection and healing in patients with open fracture wounds: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Xu Ning‐Lu , Mi Wei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA meta‐analysis was conducted to comprehensively evaluate the impact of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) on wound infection and healing in patients with open fracture wounds. Computer searches were performed in EMBASE, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Wanfang and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the application of NPWT in open fracture wounds, with the search period covering the databases inception to September 2023. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data and conducted quality assessments. Stata 17.0 software was employed for data analysis. Overall, 17 RCTs involving 1814 patients with open fracture wounds were included. The analysis revealed that compared with other treatment methods, NPWT significantly shortened the wound healing time (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −2.86, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: −3.51 to −2.20, p < 0.001) and fracture healing time (SMD = −3.14, 95% CI: −4.49 to −1.79, p < 0.001) in patients with open fracture wounds. It also significantly reduced the incidence of wound infection (odds ratio [OR] = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.23–0.56, p < 0.001) and complications (OR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.20–0.40, p < 0.001). This study indicates that in the treatment of open fracture wounds, NPWT, compared with conventional treatment methods, can accelerate the healing of wounds and fractures, effectively control infections and reduce the occurrence of complications, demonstrating high safety.