bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Intratracheal Administration of Novispirin G10 on a Rat Model of Mucoid
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Lung Infection
Authors: Song Zhijun , Wu Hong , Mygind Per , Raventos Dora , Sonksen Carsten , Kristensen Hans-Henrik , Høiby Niels 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACT

Chronic
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
lung infection is a major problem for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The biofilm mode of growth of the pathogen makes it highly resistant to antibiotic treatment, and this is especially pronounced with mucoid strains. In this study, novispirin G10, a synthetic antimicrobial peptide patterned loosely on sheep myeloid antimicrobial peptide 29, was tested in a rat model of mucoid
P. aeruginosa
lung infection.
P. aeruginosa
NH57388A, a mucoid strain isolated from a CF patient, was mixed with the alginate produced by the bacterium itself and adjusted to a concentration of 10
10
CFU/ml. Each rat received 10
9
CFU of bacteria intratracheally in the left lung to establish lung infection. At 0 and 3 h post
P. aeruginosa
infection, the treated group of rats received novispirin G10 (0.1 mg/ml, 0.1 ml/rat) intratracheally, whereas the control group received vehicle treatment only. The animals were sacrificed on days 3, 5, 7, and 10 after challenge for evaluation of various parameters. On day 5, 50% of the rats in the treated group had cleared the bacteria from the lungs, whereas in the control group, none of the rats cleared the pathogen (
P
< 0.03). The average bacterial loads remaining in the lungs of treated rats on days 3 and 5 were more than 170- and 330-fold lower than in the control groups (
P
< 0.0005 and
P
< 0.0003). In accordance, the macroscopic and microscopic lung pathology was also significantly milder in the treated group compared to the control group (
P
< 0.0002). Lung cytokine responses in the treated group were significantly lower than in the control group. The results suggest that novispirin G10 might be useful in treating antibiotic-resistant
P. aeruginosa
lung infections.
Salivary Antimicrobial Peptide Expression and Dental Caries Experience in Children
Authors: Tao Renchuan , Jurevic Richard J. , Coulton Kimberly K. , Tsutsui Marjorie T. , Roberts Marilyn C. , Kimball Janet R. , Wells Norma , Berndt Jeffery , Dale Beverly A. 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACT

Dental caries is a major worldwide oral disease problem in children. Although caries are known to be influenced by dietary factors, the disease results from a bacterial infection; thus, caries susceptibility may be affected by host factors such as salivary antimicrobial peptides. This study aimed to determine a possible correlation between caries prevalence in children and salivary concentrations of the antimicrobial peptides human beta-defensin-3 (hBD-3), the cathelicidin LL37, and the alpha-defensins HNP1-3 (a mixture of HNP1, 2, 3). Oral examinations were performed on 149 middle school children, and unstimulated whole saliva was collected for immunoassays of the three peptides and for assay of caries-causing bacteria in saliva. The median salivary levels of hBD-3, LL37, and HNP1-3 were in the microgram/ml range but were highly variable in the population. While levels of LL37 and hBD-3 did not correlate with caries experience, the median HNP1-3 levels were significantly higher in children with no caries than in children with caries. Children with high caries levels did not have high levels of salivary
Streptococcus mutans
, and the HNP1-3 level was not correlated with salivary
S. mutans
. By immunohistochemistry we localized HNP1-3 in submandibular salivary duct cells. HNPs are also released by neutrophils into the gingival crevicular fluid. Both sources may account for their presence in saliva. Low salivary levels of HNP1-3 may represent a biological factor that contributes to caries susceptibility. This observation could lead to new ways to screen for caries susceptibility and to new means of assessing the risk for this common oral problem.
Effect of Medium Age and Supplementation with the Biocatalytic Oxygen-Reducing Reagent Oxyrase on In Vitro Activities of Tigecycline against Recent Clinical Isolates
Authors: Petersen Peter J. , Bradford Patricia A. 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACT
In determining the quality control limits for the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute-recommended quality control organisms with tigecycline, a number of inconsistencies in the results were encountered that appeared to be related to the age of the Mueller-Hinton broth II. This study was performed to examine the effect of medium age and supplementation with Oxyrase on the activity of tigecycline using a large number of clinical isolates.
Mutations Associated with Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine and Chlorproguanil Resistance in
Plasmodium falciparum
Isolates from Blantyre, Malawi
Authors: Alker Alisa P. , Mwapasa Victor , Purfield Anne , Rogerson Stephen J. , Molyneux Malcolm E. , Kamwendo Deborah D. , Tadesse Eyob , Chaluluka Ebbie , Meshnick Steven R. 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACT

We conducted a prevalence study of mutations in
Plasmodium falciparum
that are associated with antifolate resistance in Blantyre, Malawi. The dihydrofolate reductase 164-Leu mutation, which confers resistance to both pyrimethamine and chlorproguanil, was found in 4.7% of the samples. Previously unreported mutations in dihydropteroate synthase were also found.
Multiparametric Assay To Screen and Dissect the Mode of Action of Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Envelope Drugs
Authors: Blanco Julià , Clotet-Codina Imma , Bosch Berta , Armand-Ugón Mercedes , Clotet Bonaventura , Esté José A. 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACTA flow cytometry-based assay was used to simultaneously quantify X4 and R5 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope-mediated cell-to-cell viral transfer, cell death, and cell-to-cell fusion. In this assay, different anti-HIV envelope drugs showed characteristic inhibitory profiles for each measured parameter, allowing for the rapid identification of the mode of action of active compounds.
In Vitro Selection and Analysis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Resistant to Derivatives of β-2′,3′-Didehydro-2′,3′-Dideoxy-5-Fluorocytidine
Authors: Hammond Jennifer L. , Parikh Urvi M. , Koontz Dianna L. , Schlueter-Wirtz Susan , Chu Chung K. , Bazmi Hengameh Z. , Schinazi Raymond F. , Mellors John W. 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACT

Serial passage of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in MT-2 cells in increasing concentrations of the
d
- and
l
-enantiomers of β-2′,3′-didehydro-2′,3′-dideoxy-5-fluorocytidine (d4FC) resulted in the selection of viral variants with reverse transcriptase substitutions M184I or M184V for
l
-d4FC and I63L, K65R, K70N, K70E, or R172K for
d
-d4FC. Phenotypic analysis of site-directed mutants defined the role of these mutations in reducing susceptibility to
l
- or
d
-d4FC.
Correlation between Ceftriaxone Resistance of
Salmonella enterica
Serovar Typhimurium and Expression of Outer Membrane Proteins OmpW and Ail/OmpX-Like Protein, Which Are Regulated by BaeR of a Two-Component System
Authors: Hu Wensi S. , Li Pei-Chuan , Cheng Chao-Yin 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACT

Mutant 7F2 of
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium has a transposon inserted in the regulator gene
baeR
of a two-component system and showed a more-than-fourfold reduction in resistance to ceftriaxone. Complementation analysis suggested an association among the outer membrane proteins OmpW and STM3031, ceftriaxone resistance, and
baeR
.
Effect of Simvastatin, an Established Lipid-Lowering Drug, on Pulmonary
Chlamydia pneumoniae
Infection in Mice
Authors: Erkkilä Leena , Jauhiainen Matti , Laitinen Kirsi , Haasio Kristiina , Tiirola Terttu , Saikku Pekka , Leinonen Maija 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACT

The effects of simvastatin treatment on
Chlamydia pneumoniae
lung infection, inflammation, and serum lipids in mouse model were studied. Simvastatin decreased viable chlamydial counts and increased inflammatory cell infiltrates in the lung tissue, suggesting that simvastatin treatment had both antichlamydial and immunomodulatory effects during an acute
C. pneumoniae
infection.
Postantibiotic Effect of DX-619 against 16 Gram-Positive Organisms
Authors: Pankuch G. A. , Appelbaum P. C. 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACT
The in vitro postantibiotic effects (PAEs), the postantibiotic sub-MIC effects (PA-SMEs), and the sub-MIC effects (SMEs) of DX-619 were determined for 16 gram-positive organisms. DX-619 pneumococcal, staphylococcal, and enterococcal PAE ranges were 1.7 to 5.0 h, 0.7 to 1.8 h, and 1.2 to 6.5 h, respectively. The PA-SME ranges (0.4× MIC) for pneumococci, staphylococci, and enterococci were 5.2 to >8.6 h, 2.1 to 8.3 h, and 4.9 to >10.0 h, respectively.
Nevirapine Plasma Exposure Affects both Durability of Viral Suppression and Selection of Nevirapine Primary Resistance Mutations in a Clinical Setting
Authors: González de Requena D. , Bonora S. , Garazzino S. , Sciandra M. , D'Avolio A. , Raiteri R. , Marrone R. , Boffito M. , De Rosa F. G. , Sinicco A. , Di Perri G. 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACT

The relationship between nevirapine plasma concentrations and the durability of both viral suppression (VS) and selection of nevirapine primary resistance mutations (PRMs) was evaluated. A nevirapine trough concentration (
C
trough
) of >4,300 ng/ml was found to predict longer VS. Patients with nevirapine
C
trough
s ranging from 3,100 to 4,300 ng/ml had higher probabilities of developing PRMs than those with nevirapine
C
trough
s below and above this concentration interval.
Microbiologic and Immunologic Evaluation of a Single High Dose of Azithromycin for Treatment of Experimental
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Pneumonia
Authors: Ríos Ana María , Fonseca-Aten Mónica , Mejías Asunción , Chávez-Bueno Susana , Katz Kathy , Gómez Ana María , McCracken George H. , Ramilo Octavio , Hardy R. Doug 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACT

We evaluated the efficacy of azithromycin therapy given as a single high dose or divided over 5 days for the treatment of mild experimental
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
pneumonia. Although both azithromycin regimens significantly reduced quantitative cultures, lung histopathology, and pulmonary cytokines and chemokines, there were no significant differences between the two regimens.
Activities of Rifamycin Derivatives against Wild-Type and
rpoB
Mutants of
Chlamydia trachomatis
Authors: Xia Minsheng , Suchland Robert J. , Carswell Joli A. , Van Duzer John , Buxton Debra K. , Brown Kara , Rothstein David M. , Stamm Walter E. 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACT

Rifalazil, a semisynthetic rifamycin, was shown previously to have exceptional potency against
Chlamydia trachomatis
(MIC of 0.00025 μg/ml). We therefore tested 250 additional rifamycin derivatives and identified 12 with activities that are eightfold more potent than that of rifalazil. These compounds also showed exceptional activities against rifampin-resistant strains that carry missense mutations in the
rpoB
gene. The antimicrobial potency and intracellular penetration of these agents suggest their potential in treatment of chlamydial infections.
Emergence of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
during Continuously Dosed Moxifloxacin Monotherapy in a Mouse Model
Authors: Ginsburg Amy Sarah , Sun Ronggai , Calamita Heather , Scott Cherise P. , Bishai William R. , Grosset Jacques H. 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACT

Fluoroquinolone resistance in tuberculosis may rapidly emerge. Mice infected with high titers of aerosolized
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
and treated for 8 weeks with four concentrations of moxifloxacin (0.125, 0.25, 0.50, and 1.0%) mixed into the diet had drug concentrations of 2.4, 4.1, 5.3, and 17.9 μg/ml, respectively, in blood. Selection of fluoroquinolone-resistant mutants occurred in all surviving mice.
Guillain Barré syndrome precipitated by the use of antilymphocyte globulin in the treatment of severe aplastic anaemia
Authors: Kaya B , Davies C E , Oakervee H E , Silver N C , Gawler J , Cavenagh J D 
Published: August 2005

This report describes the case of a 54 year old woman with very severe aplastic anaemia who was treated with antilymphocyte globulin (ALG) and developed Guillain Barré syndrome (GBS). No antecedent infective aetiology was identified. Although there are numerous reports of autoimmune disease after treatment with ALG in aplastic anaemia, and GBS after immunosuppressive treatment, there are none reporting GBS after the use of ALG for severe aplastic anaemia. The occurrence of autoimmune disease after immunosuppressive treatment, in particular ALG, is discussed, together with the possible mechanisms that result from T cell depression.
A novel wavelet neural network based pathological stage detection technique for an oral precancerous condition
Authors: Paul R R , Mukherjee A , Dutta P K , Banerjee S , Pal M , Chatterjee J , Chaudhuri K , Mukkerjee K 
Published: August 2005

Aim:To describe a novel neural network based oral precancer (oral submucous fibrosis; OSF) stage detection method.Method:The wavelet coefficients of transmission electron microscopy images of collagen fibres from normal oral submucosa and OSF tissues were used to choose the feature vector which, in turn, was used to train the artificial neural network.Results:The trained network was able to classify normal and oral precancer stages (less advanced and advanced) after obtaining the image as an input.Conclusions:The results obtained from this proposed technique were promising and suggest that with further optimisation this method could be used to detect and stage OSF, and could be adapted for other conditions.
Sarcoidosis and HTLV-1 infection: Figure 1
Authors: McKee D H , Young A C , Haeney M 
Published: August 2005

An asymptomatic, homosexual, white man was found to have an abnormal chestx ray. A presumptive diagnosis of sarcoidosis was made, but pulmonary function tests and a transbronchial biopsy were normal. He then remained asymptomatic for 10 years until he developed a progressive spastic paraparesis. At this point, antibodies to human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) were identified in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid, and the diagnosis of HTLV-1 associated myelopathy was made, the history suggesting sexual exposure to HTLV-1 many years previously. HTLV-1 is associated with a spectrum of immune related disorders, including a pulmonary sarcoid-like syndrome. Infection with this chronic proinflammatory retrovirus should be considered in the differential diagnosis of all immune disorders in at risk individuals.
Persistent high risk HPV infection associated with development of cervical neoplasia in a prospective population study
Authors: Cuschieri K S , Cubie H A , Whitley M W , Gilkison G , Arends M J , Graham C , McGoogan E 
Published: August 2005

Aims:To monitor the association between the course of high risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection and the development of cervical neoplasia over time, from a baseline of normal cervical cytology.Methods:This paper presents the follow up data from a previous cross sectional analysis. Women from a screening population who had normal cytology and who were HR-HPV positive were recalled after two to three years for cytology and HPV genotyping. The development of cervical neoplasia at follow up was related to the course of HPV infection (clearance, persistence, or sequential infection) and the presence of single or multiple HPV infections at baseline. A comparator control group of women who were HPV and cytologically negative at baseline were selected from the same population.Results:Twelve cases of dyskaryosis were found in women who were HPV positive at baseline; four were high grade. Only three cases of low grade dyskaryosis were found in the control group. Women with type specific persistent infections were significantly more likely to develop cervical neoplasia than women who cleared the infection (p = 0.0001) or were sequentially infected with different types (p = 0.001). Women with multiple HPV infections at baseline were no more likely to develop cervical dyskaryosis than those with a single infection.Conclusions:Type specific persistent HR-HPV infection as monitored by genotyping can identify women at increased risk of cervical neoplasia more accurately than a single or repeated presence/absence HPV test. The cost effectiveness of such an approach should be investigated by an appropriate, large scale cost–benefit analysis.
New approaches for genotyping paraffin wax embedded breast tissue from patients with cancer: the Iowa women’s health study
Authors: Thyagarajan B , Anderson K E , Kong F , Selk F R , Lynch C F , Gross M D 
Published: August 2005

Background:The use of paraffin wax embedded tissue samples as a source of DNA for genotype analysis has been limited because of difficulties in DNA extraction and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis.Aims:To test the feasibility of applying the combination of a commonly used DNA isolation procedure, PureGene, and a high throughput SNP analysis method, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-INVADER assay, to genotype several types of paraffin wax embedded breast tissues.Methods:Twenty formalin fixed, paraffin wax blocks were obtained from five participants in the Iowa women’s health study. Each participant provided several types of tissue including normal lymph node, normal nipple/areola tissue, inflammatory/fibrotic breast tissue, or normal breast tissue, and tumour tissue.Results:Good quality DNA (260/280 ratio >1.6) was obtained from all tissues. Normal lymph nodes yielded the largest amount of DNA (97.1 μg). DNA obtained from the samples was tested for a germline C1183T polymorphism in the MnSOD gene by three methods—PCR-RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism), INVADER assay, and PCR-INVADER assay. Of the 20 samples, PCR-RFLP genotyped 16, the PCR-INVADER assay 18, and the INVADER assay two. This methodology was then used to analyse five additional genotypes and confirmed the general applicability of the method.Conclusions:This study demonstrated the feasibility of (1) using several paraffin wax embedded breast tissues as a source of DNA for germline genetic analysis, with lymph nodes providing the highest yield, and (2) using the combination of a common extraction method with a high throughput SNP analysis method, the PCR–INVADER assay.
Potential of telomerase expression and activity in cervical specimens as a diagnostic tool
Authors: Bravaccini S , Sanchini M A , Amadori A , Medri L , Saragoni L , Calistri D , Monti F , Volpi A , Amadori D 
Published: August 2005

Aims:To evaluate the potential use of the immunohistochemical expression of telomerase and the measurement of its activity as diagnostic tools in the uterine cervix.Methods:The fluorescent telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay was used to evaluate telomerase activity in a series of 43 cervical scrapings. Twenty five cases were cytologically classified as inflammatory, and/or metaplastic, and/or acanthotic, and 18 cases presented cell alterations compatible with mild, moderate, or severe cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Immunohistochemistry was performed on a retrospective series of 86 archival, paraffin wax embedded blocks using a recently developed anti-hTERT (human telomerase reverse transcriptase) monoclonal antibody.Results:Telomerase activity was expressed as arbitrary enzymatic units (AEU). Median values were 38.0 AEU for inflammatory non-dysplastic cell specimens, 33.5 AEU for CIN I, 41.0 AEU for CIN II, and 28.0 AEU for CIN III. The median percentage of immunoreactive dysplastic cells, as detected by immunohistochemistry, was significantly (p  =  0.024) lower in CIN I (45%) than in more severe dysplastic (CIN II 70%, CIN III 80%) lesions. In contrast, no differences were seen in the enzymatic activity detected by the TRAP assay among the different dysplastic lesions.Conclusions:These data indicate that, using a molecular extra situ method, the telomerase activity of inflammatory and non-dysplastic elements masks the expected differences between mild and severe dysplasia. Conversely, an in situ approach permits the accurate identification of telomerase positive dysplastic cells.
Three dimensional reconstruction of a human breast carcinoma using routine laboratory equipment and immunohistochemistry
Authors: Kurien T , Boyce R W G , Paish E C , Ronan J , Maddison J , Rakha E A , Green A R , Ellis I O 
Published: August 2005

Aims:To establish a three dimensional reconstruction of an invasive breast carcinoma using basic laboratory equipment to evaluate and characterise the spatial arrangement of the parenchymal cells of the breast.Methods:One hundred and twenty eight sequential 4 μm sections (20 μm apart) of the tumour were stained immunohistochemically with an epithelial specific marker (AE1/AE3) or tumour specific marker (c-erbB-2) to reconstruct two different three dimensional images of the normal and malignant parenchymal cells. Sections were digitally imaged using a microscope, scanner, and digital camera linked to a conventional personal computer. Accurate alignment of the digitalised images was carried out using a semiautomatic graphical method of manual interaction, using the cross correlation coefficient as a goodness of fit measure, and an automatic search algorithm using the Fibonacci search algorithm for automatic alignment. The volume was reconstructed using maximum, minimum point projection and “back to front” opacity blending.Results:The quality of the reconstructed images was distinct and perfect, providing a comprehensive and explicit view of the normal and malignant parenchymal tissues of the breast that is not possible by viewing two dimensional histological sections. Specifically, this approach showed the spatial arrangement of the tumour cells and their relation to the surrounding tissues at a high resolution.Conclusion:This simple and reproducible approach enables the spread and infiltration of invasive carcinoma to be understood and could also be used to analyse the spatial relation between atypical hyperplastic and malignant in situ lesions of the breast.
A novel frameshift mutation (+G) at codons 15/16 in a β0 thalassaemia gene results in a significant reduction of β globin mRNA values
Authors: Mo Q-H , Li X-R , Li C-F , He Y-L , Xu X-M 
Published: August 2005

Aims:To identify a novel β globin gene mutation found in a Chinese family, and also to assess its functional consequences.Methods:Haematological analysis was performed on all family members. The 23 common mutations of β thalassaemia found in Chinese populations were detected by means of a reverse dot blot method. Direct DNA sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified complete β globin gene was carried out to identify the novel mutation. A real time, one step reverse transcription PCR assay was used to measure β globin mRNA in the reticulocytes of heterozygous patients.Results:A novel frameshift mutation—an insertion of G between codons 15 and 16 in a homonucleotide run of four guanines—was determined, which generates a new premature chain terminator at the 22nd codon. Relative quantitative analysis of the β globin mRNA in heterozygous subjects demonstrated a 39.83% reduction compared normal controls.Conclusions:The significantly lower amounts of β globin mRNA found in mutation carriers is probably caused by the rapid nonsense mediated degradation of the mutant mRNA. These data, combined with haematological analysis, suggest that this novel mutation of CDs15/16 (+G) results in a β0 thalassaemia phenotype.