bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystallisation and melting properties of dromedary milk fat globules studied by X‐ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. Comparison with anhydrous dromedary milk fat
Authors: Lopez Christelle , Karray Nadia , Lesieur Pierre , Ollivon Michel 
Published: July 2005

AbstractCrystallisation and melting properties of triacylglycerols (TG) in dromedary milk fat (DMF) globules are studied by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) as a function of temperature coupled with high‐sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), using synchrotron radiation. The crystallisation properties studied on cooling at ∣dT/dt∣ = 1 °C.min−1 from 60 °C to −8 °C show the successive formation of two double‐chain length (2L) lamellar structures: α 2L1 (46.7 Å) from 22 °C and β' 2L2 (41.7 Å) from 9 °C, which coexist until the end of the cooling process. These two types of crystals are related to the two exothermal peaks recorded simultaneously by DSC. The melting properties are studied on subsequent heating of DMF globules at dT/dt = 1 °C.min−1. The detailed analysis of the intensity and position of the XRD peaks recorded as a function of time shows that (i) the α 2L1 structure melts first, (ii) some TG from 2L1 melt and are incorporated again in the 2L2 structure, and (iii) the 2L2 structure melts with a final melting temperature over 44 °C. The influence of the dispersion of TG molecules in individual fat globules, with the presence of an interface with water, was determined by comparing their crystallisation behaviour to that of the same TG extracted from cream (anhydrous DMF) under the same experimental conditions. Results show that the same lamellar structures, α 2L1 and then β' 2L2, are formed on cooling in the dispersed and bulk states. However, crystallisation in the unstable α form is favoured in fat globules.
Determination of Copper in the Presence of Various Amounts of Arsenic with L‐Cysteine Modified Gold Electrodes
Authors: Dai Xuan , Compton Richard G. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractAn L‐cysteine modified gold electrode for the determination of copper in the presence of various amounts of arsenic with anodic stripping voltammetry has been studied. The electrode was fabricated by immersing a gold electrode in an ethanol solution of 5mM L‐cysteine for 60 min. Various parameters, such as the effect of different supporting electrolytes, the pH of the electrolyte and the deposition potential were investigated. Under optimum conditions, copper was accumulated at −0.3 V (vs. SEC) for 60 s in 0.1 M phosphate buffer pH 5.0 in the presence of different amounts of arsenic. Essentially the same sensitivities (0.33±0.001 μA/μM) and limits of detection (0.13±0.002 μM) of copper were obtained with various amount of arsenic in the range 2 μM to 20 μM.
Novel Preparation and Photoelectrochemical Properties of γ‐CuI Semiconductor Nanocrystallites on Screen‐Printed Carbon Electrodes
Authors: Hsu Cheng‐Teng , Chung Hsieh‐Hsun , Kumar Annamalai Senthil , Zen Jyh‐Myng 
Published: July 2005

AbstractCuprous iodide (γ‐CuI) is an important semiconductor material having a bang gap of 3.1 eV often used for visible light assisted photoelectrochemical and solar energy conservation systems. We report the first and unique preparation of fine and precisely controlled γ‐CuI semiconductor nanocrystallites on the surface of a screen‐printed carbon electrode using a photoelectrochemical copper nanoparticle deposition method with tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) buffer solution as a control medium. Tris buffer helps to split Cu$\rm{ {_{2}^{I}}}$O and CuIIO oxidation states through specific complexation mechanism and in turn to selective iodination of Cu$\rm{ {_{2}^{I}}}$O to the formation of γ‐CuI on the electrode. Stable and linear photoelectrochemical response was further demonstrated against variable light intensity up to 400 Klux using the γ‐CuI modified system.
Spatiotemporal mapping of cortical activity accompanying voluntary movements using an event‐related beamforming approach
Authors: Cheyne Douglas , Bakhtazad Leyla , Gaetz William 
Published: July 2005

AbstractWe describe a novel spatial filtering approach to the localization of cortical activity accompanying voluntary movements. The synthetic aperture magnetometry (SAM) minimum‐variance beamformer algorithm was used to compute spatial filters three‐dimensionally over the entire brain from single trial neuromagnetic recordings of subjects performing self‐paced index finger movements. Images of instantaneous source power (“event‐related SAM”) computed at selected latencies revealed activation of multiple cortical motor areas prior to and following left and right index finger movements in individual subjects, even in the presence of low‐frequency noise (e.g., eye movements). A slow premovement motor field (MF) reaching maximal amplitude ∼50 ms prior to movement onset was localized to the hand area of contralateral precentral gyrus, followed by activity in the contralateral postcentral gyrus at 40 ms, corresponding to the first movement‐evoked field (MEFI). A novel finding was a second activation of the precentral gyrus at a latency of ∼150 ms, corresponding to the second movement‐evoked field (MEFII). Group averaging of spatially normalized images indicated additional premovement activity in the ipsilateral precentral gyrus and the left inferior parietal cortex for both left and right finger movements. Weaker activations were also observed in bilateral premotor areas and the supplementary motor area. These results show that event‐related beamforming provides a robust method for studying complex patterns of time‐locked cortical activity accompanying voluntary movements, and offers a new approach for the localization of multiple cortical sources derived from neuromagnetic recordings in single subject and group data. Hum. Brain Mapping 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Histological and radiographic evaluation of polymethylmethacrylate with two different concentrations of barium sulfate in a sheep vertebroplasty model
Authors: Kobayashi Naomi , Togawa Daisuke , Fujishiro Takaaki , Powell Kimberly A. , Turner A. Simon , Seim Howard B. , Bauer Thomas W. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractPercutaneous vertebral augmentation with PMMA has been widely performed and usually provides good pain relief and stabilization of fractured vertebrae. Adequate visualization of PMMA during injection is desirable to minimize cement extravasation, so contrast agents such as barium sulfate are commonly added to the PMMA. The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences of histology and radiographic visualization when different concentrations of barium sulfate are mixed with PMMA. Six sheep were utilized in this study. Three vertebrae of each animal were exposed via retroperitoneal approach, and a cavity was created and then filled with either 10% or 30% BaSO4/PMMA, or left empty. Vertebrae were harvested and analyzed radiographically and histologically 12 and 90 days after surgery. Average CT value of the 30% BaSO4/PMMA group was 2.4‐fold higher than that of the 10% BaSO4/PMMA group. Foreign‐body giant cells were recognized around BaSO4particles at 90 days in the 30% BaSO4 group, whereas few particles were recognized in the 10% group at 90 days, or in either group at 12 days. A very mild giant‐cell reaction is induced by a higher concentration of BaSO4 in PMMA, but the marked improvement in cement visualization by increased BaSO4may be important to minimize more serious complications of cement extravasation during PMMA injection. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2005
Mechanical evaluation of bone samples following alendronate therapy in healthy male dogs
Authors: Fischer Kenneth J. , Vikoren Thomas H.H. , Ney Susan , Kovach Charles , Hasselman Carl , Agrawal Mauli , Rubash Harry , Shanbhag Arun S. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractAlendronate and other bisphosphonates are clinically efficacious in treating postmenopausal osteoporosis, Paget's disease and hypercalcemia associated with malignancy. Because bisphosphonates are being considered for use in younger patients with joint replacements to prevent osteolysis, and for stress fracture prophylaxis in military recruits, it is important to know how bisphosphonate therapy affects healthy bone. We sought to determine whether bones from healthy male dogs exhibit alterations in structural or mechanical properties following alendronate treatment for 23 weeks. We tested trabecular tissue samples in compression and determined tissue ash density. We tested whole long bones in bending and torsion. For trabecular samples, we evaluated trabecular modulus, strength, and density. For whole bone specimens, we compared structural stiffness and ultimate load. We found no significant differences in any measure, between canines treated with alendronate for 23 weeks and controls, although we found consistent trends toward higher properties in the treated group. Correlation analysis revealed significant relationships between stiffness and strength measures for each mechanical test. Our results indicate bisphosphonate treatment in healthy canines does not weaken the properties of bone. The trends indicate a slight positive overall effect of alendronate treatment on the mechanical properties of healthy canine bone. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Sol–gel synthesis of bioactive glass scaffolds for tissue engineering: Effect of surfactant type and concentration
Authors: de Barros Coelho Marlene , Magalhães Pereira Marivalda 
Published: July 2005

AbstractWell‐defined structural characteristics are some of the exigencies that have to be attended when scaffolds for bone tissue cell culture are designed. A high porosity (70–90%) and a high specific surface area and an average pore size > 150 μm will contribute to allow cell migration throughout the structure, adhesion, and proliferation. At the same time, the biodegradation of the material should occur in a proper rate. One way to reach a structure with these characteristics is to produce foams during sol–gel processing of bioactive glasses (system CaOSiO2P2O5). The addition of a surfactant in the sol–gel solution is necessary for foam formation and to maintain its stability until complete gelation occurs. This study presents the performance evaluation of two surfactants [sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) and Tergitol®) to determine optimum conditions for foaming ability and stability properties. The anionic surfactant SLES showed better results in terms of foam volume and its stability. Bioactive glass foams obtained with use of this surfactant presented a higher and interconnected porosity. The porosity of the scaffolds produced was 90%, and the macropore size ranged from 100 to 500 μm. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2005
Combined segmental and focal adenomyomatosis involving the body of the gallbladder
Authors: Secil Mustafa , Karasu Sebnem , Sagol Ozgul , Coker Ahmet 
Published: July 2005

AbstractAdenomyomatosis (adenomyomatous hyperplasia) of the gallbladder is a benign process of unknown origin that has been classified into three morphologic types: diffuse, segmental, and focal (fundal). Cases of combined (segmental and focal) forms involving the gallbladder body are very rare. We present the sonographic findings of a case having adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder body with focal as well as segmental forms of the disease. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 33:248–250, 2005
Dynamic ultrasonography of rotator cuff muscles
Authors: Boehm Thomas Dirk , Kirschner Stephan , Mueller Thomas , Sauer Ulf , Gohlke Frank E. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractPurposeTo confirm the neuromuscular integrity of the rotator cuff and to investigate the effect of different contraction patterns on shoulder function, we sonographically analyzed dynamic contraction patterns of this muscle group.MethodsFifty supra‐ and 50 infraspinatus muscle contraction patterns of patients with different shoulder pathologies examined with a 7.5‐MHz transducer were recorded and saved as video files. Both data sets were analyzed by 3 independent observers who then assigned a grade to each contraction pattern: normal, slightly disturbed, severely disturbed, or no contraction. Intra‐ and inter‐observer variations were calculated. In 43 patients with isolated supraspinatus tears, the clinical relation to shoulder function as measured with the Constant score was evaluated.ResultsIn the 100 cases tested, the intraclass correlations for the 3 observers were 0.82, 0.88, and 0.88. The inter‐observer reliability was 0.74. No pair of first and second readings for either the supraspinatus or infraspinatus muscle differed by more than 1 grade. In patients with a supraspinatus tear, the contraction type of the supraspinatus correlated significantly with the Constant score (p = 0.02).ConclusionsWhen dynamic ultrasonography is used to assess the contraction patterns of the supra‐ and infraspinatus muscles, good intra‐ and inter‐observer reliability is attained. Because a better contraction type correlates significantly with better shoulder function, this new diagnostic criterion may improve decision‐making in the treatment of shoulder diseases. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 33:207–213, 2005
Evolution of the spermatozoon in muroid rodents
Authors: Breed William G. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIn the rodent superfamily Muroidea, a model for the evolution of sperm form has been proposed in which it is suggested that a hook‐shaped sperm head and long tail evolved from a more simple, nonhooked head and short tail in several different subfamilies. To test this model the shape of the sperm head, with particular emphasis on its apical region, and length of sperm tail were matched to a recent phylogeny based on the nucleotide sequence of several protein‐coding nuclear genes from 3 families and 10 subfamilies of muroid rodents. Data from the two other myomorph superfamilies, the Dipodoidea and kangaroo rats in the Geomyoidea, were used for an outgroup comparison. In most species in all 10 muroid subfamilies, apart from in the Murinae, the sperm head has a long rostral hook largely composed of acrosomal material, although its length and cross‐sectional shape vary across the various subfamilies. Nevertheless, in a few species of various lineages a very different sperm morphology occurs in which an apical hook is lacking. In the outgroups the three species of dipodid rodents have a sperm head that lacks a hook, whereas in the heteromyids an acrosome‐containing apical hook is present. It is concluded that, as the hook‐shaped sperm head and long sperm tail occur across the muroid subfamilies, as well as in the heteromyid rodents, it is likely to be the ancestral condition within each of the subfamilies with the various forms of nonhooked sperm heads, that are sometimes associated with short tails, being highly derived states. These findings thus argue against a repeated evolution in various muroid lineages of a complex, hook‐shaped sperm head and long sperm tail from a more simple, nonhooked sperm head and short tail. An alternative proposal for the evolution of sperm form within the Muroidea is presented in the light of these data. J. Morphol. © 2005 Wiley‐ Liss, Inc.
Enhanced proliferation of progenitor cells in the subventricular zone and limited neuronal production in the striatum and neocortex of adult macaque monkeys after global cerebral ischemia
Authors: Tonchev Anton B. , Yamashima Tetsumori , Sawamoto Kazunobu , Okano Hideyuki 
Published: July 2005

AbstractCerebral ischemia in adult rodent models increases the proliferation of endogenous neural progenitor cells residing in the subventricular zone along the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle (SVZa) and induces neurogenesis in the postischemic striatum and cortex. Whether the adult primate brain preserves a similar ability in response to an ischemic insult is uncertain. We used the DNA synthesis indicator bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) to label newly generated cells in adult macaque monkeys and show here that the proliferation of cells with a progenitor phenotype (double positive for BrdU and the markers Musashi1, Nestin, and βIII‐tubulin) in SVZa increased during the second week after a 20‐min transient global brain ischemia. Subsequent progenitor migration seemed restricted to the rostral migratory stream toward the olfactory bulb and ischemia increased the proportion of adult‐generated cells retaining their location in SVZa with a progenitor phenotype. Despite the lack of evidence for progenitor cell migration toward the postischemic striatum or prefrontal neocortex, a small but sustained proportion of BrdU‐labeled cells expressed features of postmitotic neurons (positive for the protein NeuN and the transcription factors Tbr1 and Islet1) in these two regions for at least 79 days after ischemia. Taken together, our data suggest an enhanced neurogenic response in the adult primate telencephalon after a cerebral ischemic insult. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improved liquid chromatographic determination of nine currently used (fluoro)quinolones with fluorescence and mass spectrometric detection for environmental samples
Authors: Ferdig Matthias , Kaleta Agnieszka , Buchberger Wolfgang 
Published: July 2005

AbstractAn HPLC method using C18‐modified silica as stationary phase has been developed for environmental trace analysis of nine (fluoro)quinolones. Detection is done by fluorescence measurement or MS using the modes of SIM and selected reaction monitoring (SRM). Best separation is achieved with a gradient consisting of 50 mM formic acid and methanol, which is fully compatible with MS coupling. LOQs (S/N of 10) for fluorescence detection are between 10 and 60 μg/L, depending on the analyte. MS detection (SIM and SRM) yields LOQs that are better by a factor of at least an order of magnitude. Sample preconcentration and sample clean‐up is accomplished by SPE (preconcentration factor of 1000), leading to LOQs in the low ng/L range. Recoveries of the preconcentration procedure are better than 80% for all analytes. The suitability for real samples has been demonstrated by analyzing surface waters, municipal waste waters, sewage treatment plant effluents, sewage sludge, and sediment taken from rivers and fish ponds. The method should also be useful for determination of residues of (fluoro)quinolones in food or other matrices. The degradation of the (fluoro)quinolones has been examined over 5 days in order to get information about the decomposition rate and the degradation products eventually occurring in the environment.
The determination of sulfonamides in honey by high performance liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry method (LC/MS)
Authors: Krivohlavek Adela , Šmit Zdenko , Baštinac Martina , Žuntar Irena , Plavšc‐Plavšic Franjo 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe sulfonamides (SAs) are stable chemotherapeutics used against the bacterial disease affecting bees, known as American foulbrood (Bacillus larvae), so their residues could appear in the honey of treated bees. Their presence at a concentration above the limit value could be a potential danger to human health. Therefore, a simple, rapid, and reliable method for determination of 11 available SAs in honey was optimized. The samples were homogenized and cleaned with extraction on solid phase by means of Chromabond C18 end‐capped cartridge followed by LC/MS analyses. A detection limit of 25 μg/kg was achieved for all analytes. The repeatability of the method was proven and the optimal parameters for temperature and pH of the mobile phase and acetic buffer, respectively, were determined. In this study, 20 samples of domestic honey were included. Six of the analyzed samples were positive, but all results were below the Croatian permissible limit value (100 μg/kg).
Sway patterns in orthostatic tremor: Impairment of postural control mechanisms
Authors: Bacsi Ann M. , Fung Victor S.C. , Colebatch James G. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractSway parameters in orthostatic tremor (OT) patients were compared with age‐matched controls. The effects of vision (eyes open or closed), stance width (feet apart or together), and external support (with or without) on sway and 14–18 Hz energy were measured. Sway in OT patients decreased in the presence of each of the stabilizing factors but the extent of benefit obtained by OT patients was significantly less than controls for support for the sagittal plane (22% vs. 42% decrease;P< 0.01) and feet apart in the mediolateral plane (38% vs. 65% decrease;P< 0.01). Three patients with proprioceptive loss also had a reduced response to these factors. Energy in the 14–18 Hz range did not always change in parallel with sway levels. Vision suppresses activity at the OT frequency in patients. Postural control mechanisms in OT remain responsive to postural conditions, but patients differ significantly from normals in the degree of their responsiveness. OT appears to have disruption of the normal generation or processing of proprioceptive signals as one of its important components. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Changes induced by levodopa and subthalamic nucleus stimulation on parkinsonian speech
Authors: Pinto Serge , Gentil Michèle , Krack Paul , Sauleau Paul , Fraix Valérie , Benabid Alim‐Louis , Pollak Pierre 
Published: July 2005

AbstractLevodopa (L‐dopa) and subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation treatments have been associated with both improvement and exacerbation of dysarthria in Parkinson's disease (PD). We report four cases illustrating variant responses of dysarthria to dopaminergic and STN stimulation therapies. Patients' motor disability and dysarthria were perceptually rated by the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) in four conditions according to medication and STN stimulation. Dedicated software packages allowed acquisition and analysis of acoustic recordings. Case 1, who had a severe off period aphonia, experienced improvement of speech induced by both levodopa and STN stimulation. In Case 2, both treatments worsened speech due to the appearance of dyskinesias. Case 3 had a dysarthria exacerbation induced by STN stimulation with parameters above optimal levels, interpreted as current diffusion from the STN to corticobulbar fibers. In Case 4, dysarthria exacerbation occurred with stimulation at an electrode contact located caudally to the target, also arguing for current diffusion as a potential mechanism of speech worsening. The presented cases demonstrated variant effects in relation to L‐dopa and STN stimulation on speech. It seems that motor speech subcomponents can be improved like other limb motor aspect, but that complex coordination of all speech anatomical substrates is not responsive to STN stimulation. These hypotheses may be helpful for better understanding and management of STN stimulation effects on motor speech and skeleton–motor subsystems. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society