bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Glaucoma After Pediatric Cataract Surgery
Authors: Vilares-Morgado Rodrigo , Ferreira Margarida , Godinho Gonçalo , Melo António Benevides , Barbosa-Breda João , Magalhães Augusto , Estrela-Silva Sérgio 
Published: December 2023

Précis:
Glaucoma after pediatric cataract surgery is common and challenging. Age at surgery and the presence of microcornea or other anterior segment (AS) abnormalities can be used to identify those at greatest risk.

Objective:
To establish risk factors for developing glaucoma after pediatric cataract surgery [glaucoma following cataract surgery (GFCS)].

Methods:
Single-center, retrospective, longitudinal study of patients who underwent lensectomy for pediatric cataracts from 2008 to 2020. Included eyes presented with congenital or acquired pediatric cataracts or an anterior form of persistent fetal vasculature, and a follow-up of at least 1 year. Exclusion criteria were the presence of preexisting intraocular pressure elevation, congenital glaucoma, syndromic cataracts, and a history of trauma or uveitis. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Our primary outcome was the development of GFCS. Multivariable logistic regression with generalized estimating equations was used to model the association between potential predictors and the risk of GFCS.

Results:
A total of 110 eyes from 74 patients were included, 38 with unilateral and 36 with bilateral pediatric cataract surgery. The average surgery age was 24.71 ± 37.26 months, with 74 eyes (67.3%) undergoing surgery ≤12 weeks of age. Patients were followed for 9.96 ± 3.64 years after surgery. Twenty-eight eyes (25.45%) developed GFCS, all requiring glaucoma surgery. In multivariable analysis, surgery before 12 weeks of age [odds ratio (OR): 34.74; P < 0.001], presence of microcornea (OR: 12.90; P = 0.002), and presence of other AS abnormalities (OR: 52.71; P < 0.001) were significantly associated with the development of GFCS.

Conclusions:
The development of GFCS is a common and relevant adverse event after pediatric cataract surgery whose management is challenging. Age at surgery, the presence of microcornea, and the presence of other AS abnormalities can be used to identify those at greatest risk.
Improving Glaucoma Patients’ Quality of Life and Adherence With a Digital Health Application: [RETRACTED]
Authors: Blanke Lena , Zinsmeister Leonie , Schnell Stephan , Steinhorst Kira , Lämmer Robert , Michelson Georg 
Published: December 2023

Précies:
Empowering glaucoma patients to access their individual glaucoma related health data by using a digital health application leads to a significant improvement in quality of life and adherence.

Purpose:
Evaluate the effectiveness of improvement of glaucoma associated quality of life and adherence in patients using a digital health application.

Patients and Methods:
A prospective randomized monocentric controlled study of 77 patients with primary open angle glaucoma. Patients were recruited at the University Hospital Erlangen. Patients in the intervention group tracked their intraocular pressure, symptoms and therapy using a digital application. Based on the collected data the SmartTonoTracker® gave patients simple statistics and basic recommendations for further treatment. An increasing score on the GlauQol-36 item questionnaire and the MMAS-8 score, conducted at baseline and follow-up by the intervention group, was considered successful. Statistical analysis was conducted using the unpaired t-test, paired t-test, Man-Whitney-U test, frequency analysis, frequency distribution and Pearson-correlation.

Results:
Significant difference in the patients´ glaucoma-associated quality of life between the intervention group (rate of improvement: 7.6%, P=0.047), and the control group (rate of improvement: 0.17%, P=0.047) was shown. Also, a significant difference in adherence between the intervention group, showing a 9.8% rate of improvement (P=0.002), and the control group, showing a 3.8% rate of improvement (P=0.002), was shown.

Conclusion:
Enabling patients to access individual health related glaucoma data by using a digital health application and supporting them with information on their disease led to an improvement in glaucoma-associated quality of life and adherence.
Rosa26 Locus Is Inactive in Spermatogenesis of C57BL/6 Mice
Authors: Wang Honglian , Peng Ze , Li Yuqing , Lai Junyu , Wang Li 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
The mouse Rosa26 locus demonstrates ubiquitous transcriptional activity, encoding long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) with no functional significance in various types of tissues and cells. It is widely employed in targeting transgene knock-in studies. However, the expression pattern of Rosa26 in the testes remains elusive. In this study, we conducted a detailed transcriptional analysis of the Rosa26 locus during mouse spermatogenesis.

Methods:
The transcriptional activity of the Rosa26 locus in the testes was assessed through immunohistochemistry or direct fluorescence observation in two Rosa26 locus-targeting knock-in mouse lines, Rosa26-Flag-Cas9 and Rosa26-mT/mG, both with a C57BL/6 background. The two mouse lines feature constitutively expressed Flag-tagged Cas9 and red fluorescent membrane-tethered tdTomato (mTomato) proteins.

Results:
In Rosa26-Flag-Cas9 mice, immunostaining of testis sections revealed robust expression of the Flag-Cas9 transgene in spermatogonia adjacent to the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules. However, its expression was absent in germ cells undergoing spermatogenesis in seminiferous tubules and in maturing spermatids in the epididymis. The transgene was also observed in intertubular Leydig cells and epididymal epithelia but was absent in Sertoli cells. Similarly, in Rosa26-mT/mG mice, fluorescence microscopy showed a complete absence of mTomato expression in the spermatogonial lineage and Sertoli cells. However, robust mTomato expression was observed in intertubular Leydig cells out of the seminiferous tubules and epididymal epithelia.

Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that the Rosa26 locus is inactive during spermatogenesis, indicating that functional gene studies by targeting knock-in transgenes at the Rosa26 locus in the spermatogonial lineage may not be applicable in C57BL/6 mice.
Perspective on the Modern Interpretation of the Property Theory of Mild-natured and Sweet-flavored Traditional Chinese Medicine via Gut Microbiota Modulation
Authors: Li Leilei , Yang Ya'nan , Cao Ying , Zhan Jiaguo , Wu Yan , Wu Chongming 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
The property theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has guided its clinical application for thousands of years. Although the TCM modernization project has made significant progress, several challenges, such as identifying modern biological indicators, remain. Recent investigations have demonstrated that the gut microbiota contributes to the metabolism and efficacy of TCMs, providing a potential indicator of TCM properties. To investigate whether the gut microbiota can partially interpret the property theory of TCM, we searched the “PubMed” and “China National Knowledge Infrastructure” databases using “gut microbiota” and “traditional Chinese medicine” as keywords. This review mainly focused on the relationship between mild-natured and sweet-flavored TCMs (MS-TCMs) and the gut microbiota. We discovered that MS-TCMs can recalibrate the gut microbiota to alleviate various diseases. At the family level, MS-TCMs upregulated Erysipelotrichaceae, Verrucomicrobiaceae, Bacteroidaceae, Christensenellaceae, Lactobacillaceae, and Prevotellaceae, while downregulating Enterobacteriaceae, Rikenellaceae4, and S24-7. At the genus level, MS-TCMs increased the abundance of Ruminococcus, Turicibacter, Parabacteroides, Dubosiella, Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Oscillospira, and Prevotella, and decreased the abundance of Parasutterella, Mucispirillum, Lachnoclostridium, Escherichia, Enterococcus, Butyricicoccus, Clostridiales, Blautia, Desulfovibrio, and Oscillibacter. Mechanistically, changes in gut bacteria can influence the levels of metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, lipopolyaccharides, and neurotransmitters, which further regulate a series of physiological signaling pathways within the host. Overall, analyzing the TCM–microbiota interaction is an effective means to reveal the mechanisms of TCM, suggesting that the gut microbiota can be developed into a modern indicator of TCM properties.
Epidemiology and Outcomes of Neonatal Meningitis: Results of the Turkish Neo-Meningitis Nationwide Study
Authors: Oncel Mehmet Yekta , Cizmeci Mehmet N. , Karadag-Oncel Eda , Elvan-Tuz Aysegul , Canpolat Fuat Emre , Akin Mustafa Ali , Uslu Sinan , Cetinkaya Merih , Erdeve Omer , Koc Esin ,   the Neo-Meningitis Study Group
Published: December 2023

Objective:
To investigate the incidence and etiology of neonatal meningitis and to assess the associated risk factors, complications and outcomes in a nationwide multicenter retrospective descriptive study.

Method:
Twenty-seven centers from 7 geographical regions participated in the study. Newborns with a positive cerebrospinal fluid culture and/or cerebrospinal fluid polymerase chain reaction were included in the study. Demographic characteristics, clinical, laboratory and neuroimaging findings and mortality characteristics were analyzed.

Results:
A total of 634 confirmed cases of neonatal meningitis were included in the final analysis. The incidence was 2.51 per 1000 intensive care unit hospitalizations and mortality was observed in 149 (23.5%). Gram-positive bacteria were the predominant pathogens (54.5%), with coagulase-negative Staphylococci accounting for 45.3% of the cases, followed by Gram-negative organisms (37.3%). Viral and fungal organisms were isolated in 3.2% and 1.7% of the infants, respectively. Gram-negative culture growth was more common in infants who died (51% vs. 34.6%; P < 0.001). In the multivariable model, the odds of mortality was higher in those with respiratory distress requiring invasive ventilatory support [odds ratio (OR): 10.3; 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.9–21.7; P < 0.01], hypotension requiring inotropes (OR: 4.4; 95% CI: 2.7–7.1; P < 0.001), low birth weight status (OR: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.4–4.6; P = 0.002), lack of exposure to antenatal steroids (OR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.3–4.4; P = 0.005) and the presence of concomitant sepsis (OR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.1–3.2; P = 0.017).

Conclusions:
In this nationwide study, neonatal meningitis was found to be associated with high mortality. Coagulase-negative Staphylococci was the most common causative microorganism followed by Gram-negative bacteria. Severe clinical presentation with invasive mechanical ventilation and inotrope requirement, as well as concomitant sepsis, low birth weight status and lack of exposure to antenatal steroids, were found to be independent risk factors for mortality.
Fatal Oedipism: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Gupta Lalita , Houchens Tucker , Khair Diana , Hughes Samuel , Vora Paras , Zoerner Douglas , Fraser Justin , Timoney Peter J. 
Published: December 2023

Purpose:
To describe a unique case of a fatal self-enucleation and review previously published cases.

Methods:
The authors describe a unique case of a complete unilateral self-enucleation while under the influence of drugs, which resulted in severe intracranial hemorrhages, right internal carotid artery opacification, and death. A literature review was performed by searching articles published before January 2023 in the Pubmed/MEDLINE database using the keywords “auto-enucleation or self-enucleation.” Cases of self-inflicted damage to the globe without severing any connections were excluded.

Results:
A literature review identified a total of 54 articles and 75 patients who had self-enucleated at least one globe completely (84.0%). Their average age was 37 years and 50.7% were male. At the time of auto-enucleation, 64.0% of these patients had known psychiatric disorders, and 28.0% were found to be under the influence of illicit drugs or alcohol. Auto-enucleation resulted in intracranial complications in 26.7% of cases. There has been 1 prior case, which, like the authors’ case, resulted in death due to intracranial complications. However, this occurred in a patient who partially enucleated one eye after a self-inflicted injury to the fellow eye. The current case is unique as these complications resulted from a complete unilateral auto-enucleation.

Conclusions:
The severity of this case’s presentation and outcome highlights the importance of prompt neuroimaging and a thorough assessment. Prompt psychiatric assessment and treatment are also required.
Long-Term Outcome of Staged Socket Surgery for Acquired Anophthalmos
Authors: Vahdani Kaveh , Rose Geoffrey E. , Ortiz-Pérez S. , Verity D. H. 
Published: December 2023

Purpose:
To evaluate long-term outcomes of staged volume rehabilitation for acquired anophthalmos.

Methods:
Case-note review of patients who had preceding i) eye removal without implant, ii) eye removal with an intraconal implant, but ball-related problems, or iii) removal of exposed implant. Secondary interventions were a) a first-time ball implant, b) dermis-fat graft, c) ball repositioning, d) ball replacement after prior removal, or e) orbital floor implantation.

Results:
Secondary volume-augmenting surgery was performed in 175 sockets at a mean age of 42.7 years (range 2–91), with 62% secondary ball implants, 3% dermis-fat grafts, 6% ball repositioning, 19% ball replacement after prior removal for exposure, and 10% having orbital floor implantation. After this surgery, further volume enhancement was required in 21% of sockets, this being 40% for spheres ≤18 mm diameter, in contrast to 6% for those ≥20 mm (p < 0.001). Exposure or malposition of the secondary implant occurred in 8% (12/151) and was unrelated to implant type, size, wrapping, or prior irradiation. Tertiary surgery addressed lining deficiency (18%) or eyelid malposition (25%). Overall, 92/175 (53%) had tertiary surgery to improve cosmesis and comfort, with 49% (36/92) being related to small implants. At a mean follow-up of 9.1 years, 82% of sockets had adequate volume, 79% had excellent lining, and 93% were comfortable. Prosthetic fit was satisfactory in 96% of cases, and 97% reported improved cosmesis.

Conclusion:
Over half of the sockets having planned 2-stage volume enhancement may need further procedures, especially after small-volume secondary implants, but, with meticulous surgery, reasonable long-term results can be achieved with few complications.
Effect of exposure-based vs traditional cognitive behavior therapy for fibromyalgia: a two-site single-blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hedman-Lagerlöf Maria , Gasslander Nils , Ahnlund Hoffmann Alice , Bragesjö Maria , Etzell Amanda , Ezra Simon , Frostell Elsa , Hedman-Lagerlöf Erik , Ivert Caroline , Liliequist Björn , Ljótsson Brjánn , Hoppe Johanna M. , Palmgren Josefin , Spansk Edward , Sundström Felicia , Särnholm Josefin , Tzavara Georgia , Buhrman Monica , Axelsson Erland 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Fibromyalgia is a debilitating pain condition for which treatment effects are typically modest. The most evaluated psychological treatment is traditional cognitive behavior therapy (T-CBT), but promising effects have recently been seen in exposure-based cognitive behavior therapy (Exp-CBT). We investigated whether Exp-CBT was superior to T-CBT in a randomized controlled trial. Self-referred participants with fibromyalgia (N = 274) were randomized (1:1) to 10 weeks of Exp-CBT or T-CBT. Treatments were delivered online and presented as “CBT for fibromyalgia.” Participants were assessed at baseline, weekly during treatment, posttreatment, and at 6- and 12-month follow-up. Primary outcome was the difference in reduction in fibromyalgia severity as measured using the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) over 11 assessment points from baseline to posttreatment, modelled within an intention-to-treat framework using linear mixed effects models fitted on multiple imputed data. Approximately 91% of weekly FIQ scores were collected over the main phase. There was no significant difference between Exp-CBT and T-CBT in the mean reduction of fibromyalgia severity from pretreatment to posttreatment (b = 1.3, 95% CI −3.0 to 5.7, P = 0.544, d = −0.10). Minimal clinically important improvement was seen 60% in Exp-CBT vs 59% in T-CBT. Effects were sustained up to 12 months posttreatment. This well-powered randomized trial indicated that Exp-CBT was not superior to T-CBT for fibromyalgia. Both treatments were associated with a marked reduction in fibromyalgia severity, and the online treatment format might be of high clinical utility. T-CBT can still be regarded a reference standard treatment that remains clinically relevant when compared to novel treatment approaches.
The impact of diabetes on overactive bladder presentations and associations with health-seeking behavior in China, South Korea, and Taiwan: Results from a cross-sectional, population-based study
Authors: Lee Wei-Chia , Chow Po-Ming , Hsu Chien-Ning , Chuang Yao-Chi 
Published: December 2023

Background:
This study aimed to explore the impact of diabetes on overactive bladder (OAB) presentations and related predictors of healthcare-seeking behavior among adults aged ≥ 40 years in China, Taiwan, and South Korea.

Methods:
An internet-based survey was conducted to assess the prevalence of diabetes, OAB presentations, and self-perceived urinary symptoms by a multi-national sample of 8284 individuals who completed the survey between June 2, 2015 and July 31, 2015. Independent associations with health-seeking behavior for urinary symptoms were estimated with odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) using multivariate logistic regression.

Results:
Diabetes was reported in 13.6% of participants and OAB was 20.8%. Diabetic participants were older than non-diabetic participants in both sexes. Participants with diabetes reported a higher rate of OAB (43.1%) and increased bothersome symptoms associated with OAB than those without diabetes. Participants with diabetes (OR, 3.07 [2.39-3.96]], urgent incontinence (OR, 2.38 [1.86-3.03]), frequency (OR, 1.86 [1.45-2.38]), and nocturia (OR, 1.14 [1.05-1.24]) were associated with healthcare-seeking behavior.

Conclusion:
The proportion of diabetic participants with OAB was 2.5-fold higher than those without diabetes. Diabetes, urinary frequency, nocturia, and urgent incontinence are predictors of medical treatment-seeking behavior, but the key symptom of OAB-urgency is not a predictor of treatment-seeking behavior. It is important for clinicians to recognize the interplay between diabetes and OAB and to early identify various bothersome urinary symptoms for better health outcomes in daily practice.
A Retrospective Analysis of Major League Baseball Hit-by-Pitch Rates before and after the Crackdown on Foreign Substance Use
Authors: Sitton Zachary , Swisher Jeremy , Davis Stephen , Thornton Heath 
Published: December 2023

Objective:
Determine whether there was an increased incidence of hit-by-pitch events in Major League Baseball (MLB) following the decision to enforce the foreign substance ban for pitchers during the 2021 season.

Design:
Descriptive Epidemiological Study.

Setting:
Major League Baseball hit-by-pitch data from publicly available Web sites (mlb.com and fangraphs.com).

Participants:
Major League Baseball players during the 2017, 2018, 2019, 2021, and 2022 seasons.

Independent Variables:
Hit-by-pitch exposure data by season and individual pitch type.

Main Outcome Measures:
Hit-by-pitch incidence rates from the 2017 to 2019 seasons (preenforcement) and the 2021 to 2022 seasons (postenforcement). Rates were compared with incidence rate ratios (IRRs).

Results:
Hit-by-pitch incidence rate increased from 2.66 to 3.06 per 1000 total pitches (IRR, 1.15 [95% CI, 1.08-1.23]; P < 0.0001) following the enforcement. Incidence rates for 2017, 2018, and 2019 did not differ from each other individually, but incidence rate of all 3 seasons individually were significantly lower than that for the 2021 season (P < 0.005). Sliders were 29% more likely to hit batters following the enforcement (P = 0.0015).

Conclusions:
Major League Baseball batters were hit by pitches at a significantly higher rate following the league's crackdown on foreign substance use for the 2021 seasons compared with the same time of year during the 2017 to 2019 seasons. This was followed by a slight regression toward preenforcement levels during the 2022 season.
Impact of Playing Surface on Concussion Symptoms in Young American Football Players
Authors: Heinzelmann Morgan Michelle , Stokes Mathew , Miller Shane M. , Bunt Stephen C. , Hynan Linda S. , Didehbani Nyaz , Cullum C. Munro 
Published: December 2023

Objective:
It has been suggested that sport-related concussion (SRC) occurs more commonly on natural grass compared with artificial turf in contact sports. As playing surface is a potentially modifiable risk factor, this study sought to identify differences in symptoms following SRC on these 2 surfaces in a sample of young American football players.

Design:
Prospective.

Setting:
Part of the multi-institutional North Texas Concussion Registry (ConTex) research project.

Participants:
Ten-year-old to 24-year-old male American football players (n = 62) who had sustained a helmet-to-ground SRC and presented to a specialty concussion clinic within 14 days of injury.

Independent Variables:
Helmeted impact with grass (n = 33) or artificial turf (n = 29).

Main Outcome Measures:
Severity and number of symptoms endorsed on the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5th Edition (SCAT5) Symptom Evaluation at the time of initial clinical evaluation.

Results:
Both groups were similar in mean time since injury, concussion history, and history of headache, but the artificial turf group was slightly older, with a mean age of 14.6 versus 13.6 years (P = 0.039). Athletes who sustained a SRC on grass reported significantly higher mean total symptom severity scores (26.6 vs 11.6, P = 0.005) and total number of symptoms (10.3 vs 5.9, P = 0.006) compared with those who were injured on artificial turf.

Conclusions:
This may be the first study to examine postconcussive symptoms after SRC as they relate to playing surface. This small sample of young American football players reported higher symptom severity scores and higher total number of symptoms after SRC on natural grass compared with artificial turf.