bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Response of Animal Arteries to Serum of Migraineurs
Authors: Nattero G. , Franzone J. , Croce F. , Bisbocci D. , Genazzani E. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISVasoactive substances have long been suspected to be of importance in the genesis of migraine. In vitro experiments carried out by us and partially published, resulted in significant data concerning the contracting activity of migraineiurs' sere on various isolated organs. In the present study, extracranial animal arteries were tested by means of blood samples taken under identical conditions. No contracting activity from sere taken both in the headache‐free period and during the migraine crisis was observed in animal arteries. By contrast, each serum taken after the onset of the migraine crisis, showed a synergic effect on the action of histamine, serotonin and bradykinin. This synergic effect increases with the worsening of the attack, while it decreases as soon as the attack wears off.The experiments on human specimens provided data which cannot be evaluated yet. It seems likely that, on the occasion of the migraine attack, vasoactive substances which enable isolated organs to contract In vitro are released or activated. They synergistically increase the activity of serotonin and histamine.
Placebo, 1‐Isopropylnoradrenochrome‐5‐Monosemicarbazono and Pizotifen in Migraine Prophylaxis
Authors: Kangasniemi P. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISA new agent to be used in the prophylaxis of migraine has been developed. In addition to its antiserotonin effect it reduces vascular permeability. This preparation, 1‐isopropyl‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐semicarbazono‐6‐oxo‐2.3.5.6‐tetrahydroindol, was compared to pizotifen and to placebo by double‐blind cross‐over design. The doses were 15 mg respectively. 34 patients with severe and chronic migraine completed the study. The effects did not differ very much from each other. Pizotifen seemed to be more effective, but the semicarbozone derivative caused fewer side‐effects. 14 patients reported no benefit from either preparation.
The Copenhagen Acute Headache Clinic: Organization, Patient Material and Treatment Results
Authors: Olesen Jes , Aebelholt Anette , Veilis Bent 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThe Copenhagen Acute Headache Clinic is part of the neurological department of the University Hospital. Patients with acute attacks of headache are treated day or night by the neurological nursing staff and residents. A standard history and examination is used.88% of all headache patients had migraine. They were treated with metoclopramide 10 mg. i.m. for nausea vomiting and to speed up gastric emptying. Mild analgesics (acetylsalicylic acid 1 gm. or acetaminophen 1 gm. p.o.) and a tranquilizer (diazepam 5 mg. p.o.) were also given.67% left symptom‐free. 25% left with only mild headache and the remainder left with moderate pain or unimproved. Median time in hospital was four hours. There was no correlation between the length of the attack at the time of arrival and the treatment result. Patients with frequent, severe migraine, (judged by the number of previous house calls) responded as well as others. Patients who had previously used morphine‐like drugs, also responded well to our standard treatment. It is concluded that treatment of migraine patients in‐hospital is worthwhile and economically acceptable when combined with research and teaching.
HLA Antigens in Cluster Headache
Authors: Cuypers J. , Altenkirch H. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISHLA typing was performed in 42 cluster headache patients. In the total group, no significant deviation in HLA antigen frequencies could be found. This result was also true for the subgroup of the episodic type (37 patients). However, all 5 patients with the chronic form of cluster headache carried the HLA‐A1 antigen. The results are discussed.
Abnormal Cerebrovascular Reactivity in Patients with Migraine and Cluster Headache
Authors: Sakai Fumihiko , Meyer John Stirling 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISCerebral vasomotor responsiveness to 5% CO 2 or 100% 0 2 inhalation or hyperventilation was tested in groups of patients with either migraine or cluster headache. Regional cerebral blood flow was measured by the 133 Xe inhalation method before and during hypercapnia, hypocapnia or hyperoxia. A series of 79 headache patients were tested (18 classic, I complicated, 37 common, 16 cluster and 7 muscle contraction). For purposes of comparison, cerebral vasomotor responsiveness was likewise tested in 48 age and sex matched healthy volunteers. CO 2 responsiveness was expressed as D%Fg (gray matter blood flow) per mmHg PECO 2 (end‐tidal CO 2 tension). Normal response was 3.6 ± 0.8% during 5% CO 2 inhalation and 3.0 ± 0.9% during hyperventilation. Inhalation of 100% O 2 inhalation reduced mean hemispheric Fg by 9.4 ± 5.4%. During the prodrome of migraine (N = 1) there was bilateral impairment of hemispheric CO 2 responsiveness. During the headache phase of migraine (N = 5) CO 2 responsiveness was impaired throughout both hemispheres but recovery occurred 24 hours after headache had subsided. During the headache‐free interval of migraine (N = 21) there was excessive cerebrovascular CO 2 responsiveness (5.1 ± 2.2%). The cerebral hemisphere on the side of predominant head pain showed significantly greater excessive CO 2 response than the “non‐headache” hemisphere. During cluster headache (N = 2) hemispheric CO 2 responsiveness was similarly impaired, but returned to normal immediately after the headache subsided. Unlike migraineurs, during cluster headache the cerebral vasoconstrictive response to 100% O 2 was excessive with marked reduction of Fg (33 ± 11%), with relief of headache. Two different types of abnormality in cerebral vascular receptor sites are hypothesized, which make it possible to differentiate migraine from cluster headache.
Serotonin: Change in Plasma‐free Level and Urinary Excretion after LM 5008 and Reserpine
Authors: Uzan A. , Kabouche M. , Imbault F. , Fur G. Le 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISLM 5008, a potent 5‐HT uptake inhibitor, induced an increase in plasma‐free 5‐HT level in a higher proportion than its metabolite 5‐HIAA. In contrast, reserpine provoked a greater rise in 5‐HIAA than in 5‐HT, indicating stimulation of 5‐HT turnover. LM 5008 potentiated the effects of reserpine on bound and free 5‐HT and 5‐HIAA levels but potentiated more the plasma‐free 5‐HT (4 times) than 5‐HIAA (2.5 times), over reserpine‐induced increases. Moreover, the rise in urinary excretion of 5‐HT induced by reserpine was potentiated by LM 5008, whereas 5‐HIAA was decreased. The differences between these two drugs implies that they do not act on the same platelet site. Since migraine has been proposed as a “low 5‐HT syndrome,” LM 5008 may be useful as an anti‐migrainous agent.
Disturbed Liver Function in Migraine Patients
Authors: Capel Ifor D. , Grant Ellen C.G. , Dorrell Helen M. , Pinnock Marisa H. , Rose F. Clifford , Williams Donald C. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISHepatic function as estimated from the plasma kinetics of antipyrine has been determined in 32 migraine patients. A high proportion of patients exhibited abnormal plasma half‐life and metabolic clearance rates for this drug. The serum levels of copper and zinc were also estimated in these patients; the ratio copper:zinc was uniformly higher than that of controls.
Reserpine ‐ Headache and PRL Release in Migraine
Authors: Nappi G. , Savoldi F. , Bono G. , Martignoni E. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISIn the light of Sicuteri's central theory of migraine, reserpine‐induced attacks have been related to a central depletion of monoamine stores, 5HT and DA in particular. Reserpine is known to increase serum prolactin (PRL) levels. The PRL response to reserpine, before and after treatment with drugs affecting DA and 5HT pathways, has been used as a tool to clarify the role of central neurotransmitters in migraine pathogenesis. Twenty‐nine migraine patients and a control group underwent i.v. reserpine tests under control of PRL levels. A retest was performed after thirty days of treatment with bromocriptine, DL‐5HTP or methysergide.The reserpine‐induced PRL increase was similar for migraine and control groups during the first 5 hours, with no relationship to occurrence and severity of headache. Only the control males, however, had returned to basal PRL levels after 24 hours. At the retest, only bromocriptine could prevent the PRL increase by reserpine and the onset of headache in nine out of ten patients. The value of the pharmacodynamic PRL secretions tests is emphasized in order to clarify the central mechanisms of various trigger factors in headache, and drug effectiveness in the management of migraine.
Temperature Biofeedback Treatment for Migraine Headache: A Controlled Multiple Baseline Study
Authors: Drury Robert L , DeRisi William J. , Liberman Robert Paul 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISA multiple baseline, within subject, controlled design was used to examine the effectiveness of a temperature biofeedback procedure augmented with autogenic and relaxation training, in the treatment of four patients who met the criteria for the migraine syndrome. Before treatment was begun, each patient recorded baseline data on hourly ratings of headache intensity and amount of analgesic medication used. The treatment package consisted of: (1) instructions aimed at generating favorable therapeutic expectations; (2) modified relaxation training; (3) use of autogenic phrases; and, (4) fingertip temperature feedback. In accord with the multiple baseline design, this package was introduced to individual patients sequentially in such a way that the effect of treatment was observed in headache and medication records of one patient before treatment was introduced to the next patient.Results indicated that the treatment package had an impact on ratings of headache intensity and medication usage. The data showed idiosyncratic variations and individual differences among subjects in the response to treatment.
Symptom Characteristics of Chronic and Non‐Chronic Headache Sufferers
Authors: Bakal Donald A. , Kaganov Judith A. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISA psychobiological model of headache is proposed which integrates the numerous aspects of headache research within a unitary conceptual framework. Central to the model is the development of a predisposition for headache that becomes more extensive and more autonomous in function as the disorder increases in severity and chronicity. Guided by the model, the present study examined the prevalence of musculoskeletal, vascular, and autonomic symptoms in a group of chronic headache patients and in a group of occasional headache sufferers. The symptoms were assessed by a 14‐item questionnaire that permitted the respondents to indicate the extent to which each of the symptoms was perceived to be present across all headache attacks. In addition, a single item was included to assess the extent to which the respondents perceived their headache attacks to be a problem. The data indicated that the primary difference between the chronic and non‐chronic headache sufferer was in terms of the frequency with which the different symptoms occurred rather than in terms of the kind of symptoms present. A stepwise regression analysis revealed that the symptom of nausea with the addition of four musculoskeletal symptoms accounted for 57.3% of the variance associated with the extent to which respondents perceived their headaches to be a problem. These data were interpreted as supportive of a severity model of chronic headache.
Biochemical Basis for Biofeedback Treatment of Migraine: A Hypothesis
Authors: Mathew Roy C. , Ho Beng T. , Kralik Patricia , Claghorn James L. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISReview of literature strongly suggests that relaxation plays a significant role in biofeedback treatment of migraine headaches. Platelet monoamine oxidase activity was measured in eleven subjects with chronic anxiety, before and after relaxation therapy. Post‐treatment enzyme activity levels showed significant reductions as compared to the pretreatment values. A hypothesis is presented to explain the biochemical basis for biofeedback treatment of migraine.
The Nature of Cluster Headache
Authors: Medina Jose L. , Diamond Seymour , Fareed Jewed 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThe course of cluster headache was related to the levels of platelet serotonin and platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) histamine. They increased at the onset of the active period, decreased when the headaches were controlled, andincreased with the recurrence of another active period.Studies on 28 patients proved that the radionuclide static and dynamic brain scans, electroencephalograms, and visual and somatosensory evoked responses are normal during the free intervals. However, during the attacks bloodflow and visual evoked potential changes may occur.Cytological and biochemical studies during attacks of cluster headaches showed a generalized elevation of platelet serotonin and PRP histamine, and a reduction in the number of platelets. Blood samples obtained during the attacksfrom the jugular vein ipsilateral to the headaches showed a significant drop in the number of platelets and, possibly, a drop in PRP histamine.Cluster headache is a generalized biochemical and cytological disorder whose target is selective cranial vessels.
The Platelet Release Reaction During Migraine Attacks
Authors: Gawel M. , Burkitt M. , Rose F. Clifford 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISAn investigation is reported of serum levels of Beta Thromboglobulin (BTG), a platelet release reaction specific protein, and the stable metabolites of thromboxane B2 and prostacyclin during and between migraine attacks, and in age and sex matched controls.The level of BTG in plasma from controls was 61.3 ngml (± 26.15), in patients during migraine attacks 127.69 ngml (± 82.8) whilst between attacks the level was 69.06 ngml.No changes were observed in the levels of the stable metabolite of thromboxane B2 and prostacyclin.The significant rise in BTG (p = < .02) during migraine attacks indicates that the platelet release reaction occurs during the headache phase.
Classical Conditioning of Digital Pulse Volume in Migraineurs and Normal Controls
Authors: Price Kenneth P. , Clarke Lewis K. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISTwenty–two pairs of migraine headache sufferers and normal controls were exposed to a differential classical conditioning paradigm. The migraineurs did not show differential conditioning of digital pulse volume. The normal controls, on the other hand, showed conditioned vasoconstriction to the CS+ (and vasodilation to the CS‐ ) during the second block of conditioning trials. These data support reports of response stereotypy in migraineurs and extend our earlier findings that migraineurs have a deficit in learning in the autonomic nervous system. The use of unmedicated subjects in studies of this type is suggested.
Clonazepam (Rivotril) in Migraine Prophylaxis
Authors: Stensrud Per , Sjaastad Ottar 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISA double‐blind cross‐over study with clonazepam (Rivotril) 0.5 mg b.i.d. versus placebo was carried out in 38 migraine patients. After a pre–test period of 4 weeks, Rivotril 1 mg per day and placebo were given during a 4 week period each, in a randomized fashion; thereafter Rivotril 2 mg per day was given for 4 weeks in a semi‐blind fashion.With regard to headache days, the results for both I and 2 mg Rivotril differed significantly (p<0.05) from the pre–test status, whereas with regard to the headache index, only the result for 2 mg differed significantly from pre‐test results. When the placebo results (and not the pre–test results) were used, no significant difference was found with either 1 or 2 mg Rivotril.More than half the patients complained of some drowsiness on Rivotril medication, particularly in the initial phase. Eighteen patients continued with Rivotril medication on a long–term basis in an open trial with some beneficial effect and less side–effects.
Transient Global Amnesia in Migraine
Authors: Olivarius Bent de Fine , Jensen Troels Staehelin 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThe clinical features of five migraine patients, suffering one to several episodes of transient global amnesia (TGA), were evaluated. All patients were women, with an age range of 34 to 67 years. One patient had common, and four, classical migraine. Two patients had typical vertebro‐basilar migraine; two others had previously experienced transitory neurological symptoms compatible with transitory circulatory disturbances in the vertebro‐basilar arterial system.On the basis of these data and available literature, the pathophysiological mechanisms are discussed. It is suggested that in our patients, TGA was due to transitory ischemia in the mamillo–hippocampal formation, secondary to shortlasting vasospasms in the arteries supplying mesial and basal parts of the temporal lobes. It was concluded that TGA in migraine is a benign condition, and does not usually require extensive neuroradiological investigations.
Elongated Styloid Process (Eagle's Syndrome) Causing Hemicrania
Authors: Massey E. Wayne , Massey Janice 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISHemifacial pain and hemicrania can be caused by an elongated styloid process (Eagle's syndrome). This entity is reviewed historically with six case histories and x–rays presented. The etiology of the symptom complex is unclear, but possible mechanisms such as cranial nerve pressure and carotid sympathetic nerve involvement are discussed. Specific treatment is surgical removal of the tip of the styloid process.
The Headaches of Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease
Authors: Edmeads John 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISIt has been suggested that the headaches which frequently precede or accompany transient cerebral ischemic attacks and completed strokes may be produced by dilatation of collateral circulation. This hypothesis was tested in studies of 400 patients in an acute stroke unit. Detailed clinical analysis was made of the headaches that occurred. Cerebral circulation was assessed by various combinations of dynamic technetium brain scans, contrast enhanced CT scans, cerebral angiography, and intracarotid 133 Xenon regional cerebral blood flow studies. Headaches occurred in 25% of the patients, and most had the clinical characteristics of vascular headaches. There was no correlation between headaches and cerebral hyperperfusion or collateral circulation. It is unlikely that simple dilatation of collateral circulation is a cause of the headache of ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Platelet aggregation with release of serotonin, prostaglandins, and other substances is a more probable cause.
The Relationship Between Stage III + IV + REM Sleep and Arousals with Migraine
Authors: Dexter James D. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThree studies are presented investigating the relationship between sleep stages and the onset of migraine on awakening. Study I consists of the polygraphic recording of daytime naps in patients who suffer from sleep‐precipitated migraine. All headache naps contained Stages III, IV or REM Sleep.The second study is that of serotonin levels during napping in which serotonin levels were stable during naps in which only Stages I and II were recorded. During naps when Stages III, IV or REM Sleep were recorded, there was considerable variation in serotonin levels.The final study is that of nocturnal sleep periods associated with morning awakening with headache or the onset of headache within 1 hour. The results of this study show an association between nights of increased Stage III + IV + REM sleep and those mornings when headaches occur.
What Does the Headache Patient Want?
Authors: Packard Russell C. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISA survey was circulated among 100 outpatients with headache and 50 physicians to explore the question of what the headache patient wants when he comes to the doctor. Factors considered “most important to the patient” were rated by both physicians and patients. Other information obtainedfrom patients included: age, sex, duration of headache(s), whether there was more than one type of headache, did they understand the cause of the headache, how much they believed “tension” contributed to their headache, whether they were concerned about a brain tumor, andexpectations about pain relief.Factors of importance to patients were listed as to those chosen first (most important), and as to their frequency of appearance among the top three choices. Pain relief and an explanation of what was causing the pain were listed with high frequency among both physician and patient groups. However, physicians tended to rate pain relief and medications higher (98% and 68%, respectively) than did the patients (69% and 20% respectively). Of factors selected first, 66% of physicians thought patients were primarily seeking pain relief, but only 31% of the patients listed pain relief as most important; 46% desired an explanation of the cause. One out of five patients chose factors not selected at all by physicians, such asa neurologic exam, an eye exam, or a doctor willing to follow them for their headache.From this study it is concluded that although pain relief is an important aspect of treatment, it is often not the primary concern of the headache patient.
Migraine and Weather
Authors: Wilkinson Marcia , Woodrow Jane 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISAt the Princess Margaret Migraine Clinic, 310 patients were studied during an acute attack of headache to see whether atmospheric conditions affect the incidence of migraine attacks.The onset of attack was correlated with five aspects of weather before onset, at onset and after onset. It was also observed that most patients began their attacks between 6:00 a.m. and 9:00 a.m. which led to a secondary study of 100 non acute patients to find the time and day of the week on which their headaches most commonly occurred.No correlation was found between the onset of attack and adverse weather conditions. In both studies most patients developed their headaches between 6:00 a.m. and 9:00 a.m. but on no specific day of the week.In this study no conclusive relationship could be found between atmospheric changes and the incidence of headaches in Britain. Most headaches seem to begin between 6:00 and 9:00 a.m.
Timolol in Migraine Prophylaxis
Authors: Briggs R. S. , Millac P. A. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThe literature on the use of beta‐blocking drugs in migraine suggests that not all such agents are effective. A double‐blind crossover study of timolol in migraine prophylaxis was undertaken with fourteen patients, in order to assess the value of this drug in particular, and also to elucidate further the reason for the varied response to different beta‐blockers. Timolol significantly reduced the frequency of migraine attacks, and was preferred to placebo. This supports the contention that beta‐blocking drugs without intrinsic sympathomimetic activity are effective in migraine prophylaxis.
Doxepin in the Prophylactic Treatment of Mixed ‘Vascular’ and Tension Headache
Authors: Mørland T. J. , Storli O. V. , Mogstad T.‐E. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThe prophylactic effect of the tricyclic antidepressant doxepin given chronically in patients with mixed migrainous and tension headache, has been investigated in a double‐blind cross‐over trial. Twenty‐three patients without serious medical, neurological or psychiatric diseases were included. They were given a course of 9 weeks of doxepin 100 mg daily and doxepin placebo each. Between the two courses a placebo period of 2 weeks was interposed. Only 14 patients completed the trial. The results showed no significant difference in number of headache days on doxepin in comparison to placebo, but on doxepin there was a significant reduction in terms of headache indices, and of the consumption of analgesics and ergotamine preparations. Ten of the 14 patients experienced side effects on doxepin (weight increase, drowsiness, dryness of the mouth).