bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low Temperature Induction of Arabidopsis CBF1, 2, and 3 Is Gated by the Circadian Clock
Authors: Fowler Sarah G. , Cook Daniel , Thomashow Michael F. 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Exposing Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants to low temperature results in rapid induction of CBF1, 2, and 3 (CBF1-3; also known as DREB1B, C, and A, respectively), which encode transcriptional activators that induce expression of a battery of genes that increase plant freezing and chilling tolerance. Recently, it has been shown that basal levels of CBF3 transcripts and those of certain CBF-regulated genes exhibit circadian cycling. Here, we further explored the regulation of CBF1-3 by the circadian clock. The results indicated that the extent to which CBF1-3 transcripts accumulated in response to low temperature was dependent on the time of day that the plants were exposed to low temperature and that this was regulated by the circadian clock. The highest and lowest levels of cold-induced CBF1-3 transcript accumulation occurred at 4 and 16 h after subjective dawn, respectively. An analysis of CBF2 promoter-reporter gene fusions indicated that this control included transcriptional regulation. In addition, the cold responsiveness of RAV1 and ZAT12, genes that are cold induced in parallel with CBF1-3, was also subject to circadian regulation. However, whereas the maximum level of cold-induced RAV1 transcript accumulation occurred at the same time of day as did CBF1-3 transcripts, that of ZAT12 was in reverse phase, i.e. the highest level of cold-induced ZAT12 transcript accumulation occurred 16 h after subjective dawn. These results indicate that cold-induced expression of CBF1-3, RAV1, and ZAT12 is gated by the circadian clock and suggest that this regulation likely occurs through at least two nonidentical (though potentially overlapping) signaling pathways.
Impaired pH Homeostasis in Arabidopsis Lacking the Vacuolar Dicarboxylate Transporter and Analysis of Carboxylic Acid Transport across the Tonoplast
Authors: Hurth Marco Alois , Suh Su Jeoung , Kretzschmar Tobias , Geis Tina , Bregante Monica , Gambale Franco , Martinoia Enrico , Neuhaus H. Ekkehard 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants lacking the tonoplastic malate transporter AttDT (A. thaliana tonoplast dicarboxylate transporter) and wild-type plants showed no phenotypic differences when grown under standard conditions. To identify putative metabolic changes in AttDT knock-out plants, we provoked a metabolic scenario connected to an increased consumption of dicarboxylates. Acidification of leaf discs stimulated dicarboxylate consumption and led to extremely low levels of dicarboxylates in mutants. To investigate whether reduced dicarboxylate concentrations in mutant leaf cells and, hence, reduced capacity to produce OH− to overcome acidification might affect metabolism, we measured photosynthetic oxygen evolution under conditions where the cytosol is acidified. AttDT::tDNA protoplasts showed a much stronger inhibition of oxygen evolution at low pH values when compared to wild-type protoplasts. Apparently citrate, which is present in higher amounts in knock-out plants, is not able to replace dicarboxylates to overcome acidification. To raise more information on the cellular level, we performed localization studies of carboxylates. Although the total pool of carboxylates in mutant vacuoles was nearly unaltered, these organelles contained a lower proportion of malate and fumarate and a higher proportion of citrate when compared to wild-type vacuoles. These alterations concur with the observation that radioactively labeled malate and citrate are transported into Arabidopsis vacuoles by different carriers. In addition, wild-type vacuoles and corresponding organelles from AttDT::tDNA mutants exhibited similar malate channel activities. In conclusion, these results show that Arabidopsis vacuoles contain at least two transporters and a channel for dicarboxylates and citrate and that the activity of AttDT is critical for regulation of pH homeostasis.
A model for HRM strategic integration
Authors: Sheehan Cathy 
Published: February 2005

PurposeThe broad aims of this research are to analyse the status of, and processes underlying, strategic human resource management (HRM) integration within organisations and to contribute to theory development in the area. A great deal of attention is given in the literature to the facilitative role that HRM can take in organisational change but as yet little attention has been given to modelling the change processes within HRM itself. This paper addresses that gap by providing a model of the proposed influences on the move towards strategic HRM integration.Design/methodology/approachIn‐depth interviews with senior HR, finance and line managers in 13 Australian Best Practice companies are used to explore the supports and barriers underlying strategic HRM integration.FindingsThe model that is developed uses ideas from the change literature to explain that the engagement of strategic HRM integration requires a certain set of symbolic and ritualistic gestures. These symbolic changes, however, do not always result in desired strategic HRM outcomes: symbolic adjustments must be accompanied by deeper levels of change both from within the HR profession and from other stakeholders in the organisation.Practical implicationsThe research holds a number of practical implications for the career design of HR professionals: a case is made, for example, for a broader business career background requirement that may provide the level of business acumen necessary to be a credible participant at the senior management strategic decision‐making level. Intended future research will draw from a larger sample to test the proposed model.Originality/valueThis research model's specific responses and outcomes require an ideological shift both from the HR profession and from stakeholders within the organisation.
Organizationally‐induced work stress
Authors: Conner Deondra S. , Douglas Scott C. 
Published: February 2005

PurposeThis paper offers a model that illustrates the relationship between organizational structure, work stress and perceived strain based on the concept of bureaucratic orientation.Design/methodology/approachAfter a brief review of the stress and structure literatures, a number of propositions are developed concerning organizationally‐induced stressors that are fostered by mechanistic or organic structures. Next, a model is presented illustrating the impact of members' bureaucratic orientation on the organizationally induced stressor‐strain relationship.FindingsIt is argued that highly‐mechanized structures manifest different stressors for employees from highly organic structures. The model also demonstrates how organizationally‐induced stressors such as role conflict and ambiguity mediate the relation between structure and strain. However, the extent to which these stressors result in perceived strain is also dependent on employees' predisposition toward dominance, autonomy, achievement, ambiguity and control. Based on the model and propositions presented, conclusions and suggestions for future research are provided.Practical implicationsNoted implications include more flexible workplace rules for female executives to eliminate stress associated with work‐family conflict as well as improved effectiveness of social support and person‐organization fit based on individual bureaucratic orientation.Originality/valueThis paper uniquely advocates consideration of employee bureaucratic orientation and organizational structure in relation to person‐organization fit and work stress. The propositions offered are of value to practitioners and researchers due to their implications for fostering person‐organization fit and reducing work stress.
FDRx (Federated Drug Reference) project as change agent
Authors: Jankowski Terry Ann , Ketchell Debra S. 
Published: February 2005

PurposeAt the foundation of FDRx was the drug formulary for UW Medicine published by the Drug Information Center. The DIC pharmacist had contracted with USPDI to receive the full text of its drug information electronically and reformat it into a print, pocket‐sized guide for distribution to clinicians. The goal of the FDRx project was to add to this core and distribute an expanded drug reference as part of a clinical resource.Design/methodology/approachLibrarians at the University of Washington Health Sciences Libraries collaborated with clinicians to create an electronic federated drug knowledge resource, FDRx, to be used at the point of care.FindingsSkills and experiences gained in previous projects, e.g. negotiating the licensure of campus‐wide access to bibliographic databases, project leadership, developing interfaces, instruction in the use of information resources, and IAIMS planning, easily transferred to the development of the FDRx project. The most immediate outcome, FDRx itself, had a short but successful lifespan, meeting the drug information needs of its users.Originality/valueThis partnership set the stage for future developments in the knowledge management arena at the University of Washington and changes in the roles of librarians.
Consumer health librarian
Authors: Hammond Patricia A. 
Published: February 2005

PurposeAims to confirm that societal changes and access to the internet have heightened interest in health information by the general public. Patients/consumers are more involved in their health care. Patients’ rights to make informed health‐care decisions are more recognised by the medical community. Approximately 27 percent of the entire US adult population has visited a web site for health‐care purposes. Increasingly, hospitals in the USA and other countries are providing consumer health information centers for patients and their families.Design/methodology/approachIn February 2002, a patient/consumer health information service opened at Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) in Richmond, Virginia. This article will discuss the partnership that was forged to create the Community Health Education Center (CHEC) and the role VCU Libraries has in the partnership.FindingsApart from the obvious value of having The Community Health Education Center, its existence has opened new doors to the three partners for networking, community outreach and obtaining extramural funding.Originality/valueThe health system's visibility in the community has increased because of CHEC's involvement in community events. The strategy and marketing department has come to rely on CHEC staff to represent the health system at exhibits as a result, whilst other VCUHS departments have learned about CHEC's mission and see CHEC staff as part of the patient care team.
Micromachined sensor design for optical‐fiber flow measurement
Authors: Mireles José 
Published: February 2005

PurposeOwing to the technology growth, especially in Microsystems technology and Nanotechnology, new products will provide new ways to sense variables that are crucial for product improvement and system reliability. A big concern of the scientific community is the measurement of low level flow measurements, especially for the biomedical and/or systems on a chip approaches.Design/methodology/approach– A new flow meter concept design consists of a surface micromachined sensor having an optical high reflective mirror made of gold, which is attached to unique cantilever designs that bend due to the drag force of mass flow. The bending of the cantilevers produces the mirror to approach/depart from an optical fiber end‐tip. The reflective light to fiber is modulated using a Fabry‐Perot interferometry technique to determine the mirror separation to the fiber, which corresponds to the mass flow.Findings– The new concept design shows a big potential approach to measure low flow measurements for air, gas and liquids of low viscosity. The results of this concept, through finite element analysis, show that the material used to build the sensor, makes them excellent candidates for fabrication. The stresses of the materials and allowable (readable) bending are among the tolerances of such materials/construction‐design. The sensor is not affected by electromagnetic interference and does not require electrical currents to sense, i.e. it is perfectly suited for biomedical and low mass‐flow sensing such as lab‐on‐chip applications.Originality/value– Among all approaches to sense low flow measurements, most of them need either “big” turbine approaches (dimensions over 1 cm diameter), or the need of an electrical approach needed in the end measurement sensor. This work proposes a non‐electrical approach.
A primary standard piston prover for measurement of very small gas flows: an update
Authors: Cignolo Giorgio , Alasia Franco , Capelli Andrea , Goria Roberto , La Piana Gaetano 
Published: February 2005

PurposeA prototype gas prover was constructed to serve as the Italian primary standard for gas flow rates in the range 0.1 ml/min to 2 l/min. The new prover is used to calibrate high‐quality industrial standards, as well as the MFCs used in microelectronic fabrications and preparation of reference gas mixtures.Design/methodology/approach – The prover measures gas volume transfers caused by displacements of a 120 mm dia. motor‐operated piston, which is introduced into a temperature‐controlled chamber containing up to 3 l of the required working gas at near ambient conditions. Gas delivery is made at constant rate, whereas possibly variable incoming flows are measured at constant pressure. Displacements of the piston are measured by an optical interferometer.Findings – The analysis shows that standard uncertainty ranges between 0.013 and 0.03 percent. Owing to the very accurate control and measurement of both pressures and temperatures, these figures refer equally to volume and mass flowrate. Experimental comparisons with similar national standards at LNE‐France and NIST‐USA confirmed the consistency of measurement results in the three Nations.Research limitations/implications – The gas prover should be used with inert gases only.Practical implications – The national industrial gas standards and the best flow transducers can now be calibrated accurately down to unprecedented flowrate values.Originality/value – The need for measurement of extremely low gas flows is quite recent, therefore possibly less than ten primary national standards are available today worldwide. Several completely different principles and designs have been developed; description of design and performance of each instrument is important to assess their respective merits. The described apparatus is innovative as regards measurement range, accuracy and control techniques.
Efficiency outcomes from space charging in UK higher education estates
Authors: Lou Downie Mary 
Published: February 2005

PurposeHigher education (HE) in the UK has recently suffered financial pressure due to reduced central funding, and the requirement to widen student access. The estate is typically the second highest revenue expense and is an obvious target for efficiency gains. Sector‐wide statistics show there are opportunities for improving efficiency and many influential bodies have advocated space charging as a way of achieving them. This paper aims to investigate space performance indicators for evidence that space charging improves space use efficiency.Design/methodology/approachThe approach used is a statistical analysis of space performance indicators for space charging and other higher education institution (HEIs).FindingsApproximately one‐quarter of HEIs in the UK operated space charging in 2000‐2001 but only ten out of 31 space‐related performance indicators for the period 1998‐2001 suggest that increased efficiency results. Scrutiny of the background data shows they predominantly reflect differences in institutional wealth and activities, rather than space use management. Efficiency measures relating space to use provide no evidence of efficiency gains, suggesting that the application of charging as a space management tool is ineffective.Research limitations/implicationsThe methodology does not reveal the reasons for the disparity between theory and results of space charging. Qualitative research into the application of charging systems is required to provide an explanation.Practical implicationsThe conclusions are important for HE managers who are considering implementing expensive systems to improve space efficiency. The results also shed light on the usefulness of space performance indicators for HE estates.Originality/valueAlthough there have been many assertions that space charging will improve space use efficiency in the HE sector, this research provides evidence to the contrary.
An evaluation of the property tax in Tanzania
Authors: McCluskey William James , Franzsen Riel 
Published: February 2005

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the potential role of property taxes as a revenue source for local government in Tanzania. Often this tax is beset with political and administrative problems that affect its operational efficiencies.Design/methodology/approachThe research is the result of extensive fieldwork undertaken in Tanzania during 2002 to investigate and evaluate the valuations done for purposes of the property tax in Dar es Salaam and eight regional towns.FindingsUrban local government revenues, and in particular those classified as own revenues in Tanzania and other East African countries, are generally not sufficient enough to develop and supply adequate urban services to the region's fast growing urban population. The main findings of the paper highlight the difficulties faced by municipalities in developing and maintaining a property tax system.Research limitations/implicationsThe key problems were lack of experienced staff, limited equipment and significant political interference.Practical implicationsThis research clearly identified the need for developing countries to recognize the importance of creating sustainable tax sources that are easily managed at low costs. The work found that the property tax system as designed for Tanzania was not sustainable and suggests a range of possible improvements.Originality/valueThe research did indicate that significant results could be achieved through implementing improvements in developing a simplified valuation basis and through greater collection efficiency. The research should be of particular interest to policy and decision makers within other developing countries who are embarked on a process of property tax reform.
The “advantage of latecomer” in abating air‐pollution: the East Asian experience
Authors: Iwami Toru 
Published: February 2005

PurposeAims to focus on air pollution as one of the environmental problems that tends to improve at higher income levels.Design/methodology/approach– The paper provides a combination of narrative with argument and analysis.Findings– Between the early 1970s and the mid‐1980s, air pollution in Japan, in particular that caused by sulfur dioxide (SO2), was reduced to a remarkable degree. This reduction resulted from responses to mounting civil protest: governmental regulation policy on the one hand, and innovation of abatement technology and energy efficiency on the other. In large Southeast Asian cities, despite rapid economic growth, air pollution is less severe than it was in Japan in the early 1970s. This is because both government and industry in Southeast Asia took early initiatives to prevent environmental degradation, learning from the experiences of developed countries.Originality/value– The conclusions drawn help in understanding the prerequisites for reducing CO2emissions. If developed countries actually succeed in creating abatement technology for CO2, this will surely affect the development policy in developing countries.
Microstructural features contributing to enhanced behaviour of Sn‐Ag based solder joints
Authors: Lee J.G. , Subramanian K.N. 
Published: February 2005

PurposeTo determine the role of microstructure in the creep and thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) properties of solder joints made with eutectic Sn‐Ag solder, and Sn‐Ag solder with Cu and/or Ni additions.Design/methodology/approachQuaternary alloys containing small amounts of Cu and Ni exhibit better high temperature creep resistance and also better resistance to damage under TMF cycles with a longer dwell time at the high temperature extreme, than eutectic Sn‐Ag, and Sn‐Ag‐Cu ternary alloy solder joints. Microstructural evaluation was conducted to investigate the effects of Ni additions to Sn‐Ag‐based solder joints.FindingsMicrostructural studies of the quaternary solder alloys revealed the presence of small ternary Cu‐Ni‐Sn intermetallic compound particles at Sn‐Sn grain boundaries. These precipitates can retard the grain boundary sliding that will occur during TMF with longer dwell times at the high temperature extreme, and during high temperature creep.Originality/valueThe findings of this paper will help to provide an understanding of the effects of alloying elements on Sn‐Ag based solder joints.
Marketing education
Authors: Russell Marilyn 
Published: February 2005

PurposeTo discuss the requirement for a university to adopt a clearly defined marketing strategy to increase its international student population and generate additional revenue.Design/methodology/approachPrimary research was undertaken to investigate the notion that customer satisfaction influences perceived quality and in turn affects profitability. The research methodology carried out among hospitality and tourism management students at Bournemouth University combined qualitative and quantitative methods. A student focus group and staff members with specialised knowledge were interviewed using a semi‐structured approach to allow a pre‐determined core of open‐ended questions to be addressed, while enabling other related issues to be pursued.FindingsWithin Bournemouth University, the reputation of the hospitality and tourism programmes and educational links are the most important considerations in student decision making, regarding their choice of programme and place of study.Research limitations/implicationsIt could be argued that the courses selected attract more outgoing individuals and those more prepared to adapt to change and adopt a different culture. However, the students were from a range of countries and were representative of the mix at the University.Practical implicationsIn an increasingly competitive market for international students, institutions need to provide an optimum service. International education marketing to international students should be managed to enhance consumer satisfaction, and raise perceived quality.Originality/valueThe findings should be taken into account when programmes are revalidated to ensure that these disciplines continue to provide students with the knowledge required by a global industry.