bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Five‐ to 7‐Year‐Old Children With Helicobacter pylori Infection Are Smaller Than Helicobacter‐Negative Children: A Cross‐Sectional Population‐Based Study of 3,315 Children
Authors: Richter T. , List S. , Müller D. M. , Deutscher J. , Uhlig H. H. , Krumbiegel P. , Herbarth O. , Gutsmuths F. J. , Kiess W. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo test whether Helicobacter pylori‐positive children are smaller and weigh less than H pylori‐negative children.DesignCross‐sectional population‐based study.ParticipantsIn 3,315 5‐to 7‐year‐old preschool and school children, the putative influence of H pylori infection on growth was investigated. Standing height and weight were analyzed in relation to H pylori infection. The diagnosis of H pylori infection was established by (13) C‐urea‐breath test.ResultsThe prevalence of H pylori infection in boys was 7.2% (95% confidence interval, 5.9–8.9; n = 1,550) and in girls was 6.1% (95% confidence interval, 4.9–7.3; n = 1,552) H pylori‐positive children were smaller than noninfected children (117.6 ± 5.5 cm vs. 118.9 ± 5.7 cm;P < 0.01). Although H pylori‐positive boys were 2.06 cm smaller than H pylori‐negative boys (117.4 ± 5.6 cm vs. 119.5 ± 5.7 cm;P < 0.001), the difference in girls was not significant (117.9 ± 5.3 cm vs. 118.4 ± 5.7 cm). When standing height was adjusted for age, the found differences were more pronounced. Differences between the infected and noninfected children with regard to body weight were not significant (22.4 ± 4.0 kg vs. 22.1 ± 4.0 kg), nor was there a significant difference with regard to body‐mass index. However, boys with H pylori infection had a lower weight than noninfected boys (21.6 ± 3.3 kg vs. 22.6 ± 4.0 kg;P < 0.01), but in girls, these differences were not observed (22.2 ± 4.0 vs. 22.8 ± 4.6 kg, respectively). When weight was adjusted for age, H pylori‐positive children also had a lower weight than H pylori‐negative children because of the lower weight of boys.ConclusionsH pylori infection is associated with growth delay, growth retardation, or both in affected children.
Growth Hormone Effects in Intestinal Adaptation After Massive Bowel Resection in the Suckling Rat
Authors: Tellez L. Garcia‐Sancho , Gómez de Segura I. A. , Vazquez I. , De Miguel E. , Garcia‐Sancho L. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundMassive small bowel resection provokes intestinal malabsorption that leads to diminished growth in the suckling rat. Growth hormone is one of the several factors that can enhance the adaptive response of the intestines in the adult rat; however, whether it also enhances postresection intestinal adaptation in the suckling rat, thus reducing the adverse effects of resection on growth, is still unclear.MethodsSeventy‐four 30‐day‐old suckling Wistar rats underwent 80% midgut bowel resection, laparotomy (sham operation), or no surgery. They were treated with either growth hormone or saline for 15 days and studied 15 or 45 days after surgery. Body weight was monitored and samples of bone and intestinal mucosa were obtained at the end of the study period for analysis.ResultsResected rats lost body and bone weight regardless of growth hormone administration. Bowel resection provoked significant increases in the proliferation and size of the intestinal mucosa. Growth hormone significantly, but just barely, increased crypt height and mucosal mass at day 15 after surgery, but not at day 45. Lengthening of the intestines was the main effect of growth hormone.ConclusionsThe relatively small adaptive response of intestines to growth hormone is insufficient to promote body growth after intestinal resection in the suckling rat. This response is lower than that in older rats and may reflect an age‐related differential response to growth hormone.
Effect of Long‐term Omeprazole Treatment on Antral G and D Cells in Children
Authors: Pashankar Dinesh S. , Israel David M. , Jevon Gareth P. , Buchan Alison M. J. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundLong‐term omeprazole therapy is associated with hypergastrinemia. In the antrum, gastrin secretion from G cells is inhibited in a paracrine manner by somatostatin secreted from D cells. Omeprazole may alter the ratio of G to D cells; however, there are limited data concerning such an effect in humans and none in children. The authors studied the effect of long‐term omeprazole therapy on antral G‐ and D‐cell numbers in children.MethodsSix children received omeprazole for 4 to 7 years for erosive reflux esophagitis. Endoscopic antral biopsy specimens obtained at baseline and at 1, 4, and 7 years of omeprazole administration were immunostained to assess G and D cell numbers per antral gland. The G‐ and D‐cell numbers were also assessed in an age‐matched control group consisting of 24 healthy children from six different age groups.ResultsThe mean G‐cell number per unit area showed a significant increase at 4 years (85 ± 5.7 years) and at 7 years (89 ± 6.8 years) on omeprazole compared with baseline (56 ± 4.8 years) (P < 0.01). D‐cell numbers did not change. The ratio of G to D cells increased progressively, and the change from baseline was significant at 7 years taking omeprazole (P < 0.02). In the control group, G‐ and D‐cell numbers did not differ significantly within the six age groups.ConclusionsLong‐term omeprazole therapy is associated with a significant increase in G‐cell numbers and in the ratio of G to D cells in children. These changes reflect the effect of omeprazole because there was no change in these parameters in the age‐matched control group.
Elevated Serum Hepatocyte Growth Factor in Children and Young Adults With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Srivastava Maya , Zurakowski David , Cheifetz Peter , Leichtner Alan , Bousvaros Athos 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundElevated serum levels of several potent angiogenesis factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor have been described in children with active inflammatory bowel disease. Angiogenesis‐promoting cytokines may promote inflammation by increasing vascular permeability but also mediate tissue repair by activating fibroblasts. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is another angiogenesis‐promoting cytokine that is increased in colon cancer tissues. We therefore evaluated serum HGF levels in individuals with Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis.MethodsSerum samples were obtained from 60 patients with Crohn disease, 31 with ulcerative colitis, and 38 controls with functional abdominal pain and other gastrointestinal illnesses. Disease activity for Crohn disease patients was determined using the pediatric Crohn disease activity index, and for ulcerative colitis patients using the Kozarek score. The HGF levels were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsSerum HGF levels were significantly (P < 0.001) higher for Crohn disease patients (1439 ± 84 pg/mL) and ulcerative colitis patients (1384 ± 107 pg/mL) than for control patients (807 ± 50 pg/mL). Serum HGF levels also rose with increasing disease activity in individuals with both Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis.ConclusionSerum HGF is elevated in children and young adults who have Crohn disease or ulcerative colitis. Levels of serum HGF correlate directly with disease activity. The raised serum HGF suggests that HGF may mediate angiogenesis and vascular permeability in the mucosa of children with inflammatory bowel disease. Alternatively, the raised serum HGF may be an epiphenomenon of inflammation.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Associated With Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura in Children
Authors: Higuchi Leslie M. , Joffe Steven , Neufeld Ellis J. , Weisdorf Sally , Rosh Joel , Murch Simon , Devenyi Attila , Thompson John F. , Lewis Jeffery D. , Bousvaros Athos 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivePrevious reports suggest an association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in adults. To date, only five children with both diseases have been described. The aim of the study was to describe the characteristics of children with IBD and ITP.MethodsCases were obtained from the pediatric gastroenterology community by means of the pediatric gastroenterology internet bulletin board in June 1999. Eight cases were submitted from seven medical centers. Medical records were reviewed by two pediatric gastroenterologists and a pediatric hematologist.ResultsThe age range of the patients was 2.1 to 16.5 years, with a mean age of 9.6 ± 5.2 years. Four children had ulcerative colitis, three had Crohn disease, and one had indeterminate colitis. All had colonic involvement of IBD. Of eight patients, three had IBD first, three had ITP first, and two had both simultaneously. At ITP diagnosis, platelet count was less than 10,000/mL in five children, 17,000/mL in one child, and 50,000 to 60,000/mL in two children. Of the three children diagnosed with ITP first, two initially had rectal bleeding at the time of ITP diagnosis. Bone marrow evaluations, performed in six of eight children, were consistent with ITP. Six of the eight children had chronic ITP, including three children who were 5 years of age or younger. Therapy for ITP included steroids (n = 6), intravenous immunoglobulin (n = 6), Rh o (D) intravenous immunoglobulin (n = 2), and splenectomy (n = 1).ConclusionsThe authors describe the largest pediatric case series of children with IBD and ITP. More than 50% of the children had the chronic form of ITP. Most patients responded to conventional therapy for ITP and IBD.
Effect of Erythromycin on Gastroduodenal Contractile Activity in Developing Neonates
Authors: Jadcherla Sudarshan Rao , Berseth Carol Lynn 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe occurrence of phase III of migrating motor complexes in neonates is inversely related to gestational age, and it can be triggered in some infants by the motilin receptor agonist erythromycin. After intragastric erythromycin, the authors determined 1) the occurrence and characteristics of phase III of migrating motor complexes, 2) the antral and duodenal motor responses, and 3) the dose–response relation among preterm and full‐term infants.MethodsUsing an unbalanced, repeated measures design, 25 preterm and term infants were given two of three doses of intragastric erythromycin: 0.75, 1.5, and 3.0 mg/kg. Motor activity was recorded 3 hours before and 2 hours after each dose using a continuous water perfusion manometry system.ResultsErythromycin failed to induce phase III of migrating motor complexes in infants younger than 31 weeks' gestation; however, it induced phase III in a dose‐dependent manner among infants whose gestational ages were 32 weeks and older (P < 0.05). Erythromycin significantly increased the amplitude and frequency of antral contractions in term infants and significantly increased the duodenal contraction amplitude in older preterm and term infants, but these effects were absent in younger preterm infants.ConclusionsThe ontogenic emergence of the motilin receptor–mediated induction of phase III occurs by 32 weeks' gestation, whereas the non‐motilin–mediated response of increased antroduodenal motor activity is not observed until term. Therefore, early use of erythromycin as a prokinetic agent may not be useful in very preterm infants, partially useful in older preterm infants, and useful in full‐term infants.
Erythromycin as a Prokinetic Agent in Preterm Infants
Authors: Costalos Christos , Gounaris Anthony , Varhalama Evangelia , Kokori Fedra , Alexiou N. , Kolovou Efi 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe macrolide antibiotic erythromycin is a prokinetic agent that stimulates gastrointestinal motility. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of erythromycin on the gastrointestinal motility of preterm infants.MethodsErythromycin 10 mg/kg, 8 hourly or a placebo, was given orally for 7 days in a double‐blind randomized, crossover study of 20 preterm infants with a median gestational age of 32 weeks (range, 26–34 weeks). Antral contractility was determined by using ultrasonography to measure the decrease in the gastric antral cross‐sectional area after a feed. The whole gut transit time was assessed by timing the transit of carmine red through the gut.ResultsAntral contractility lasted for a shorter period of time during erythromycin treatment than during placebo treatment (mean [standard deviation], 31 minutes [9.9 minutes] vs. 70 minutes [13 minutes];P < 0.01). Whole gut transit time was also shorter during erythromycin treatment (mean, 23.1 hours [12.9 hours] vs. 49.3 hours [29 hours];P < 0.01). All infants tolerated the drug well.ConclusionsOral erythromycin in food‐intolerant preterm infants enhances both antral contractility and whole gut transit time.
Zinc Absorption and Exchangeable Zinc Pool Sizes in Breast‐Fed Infants Fed Meat or Cereal as First Complementary Food
Authors: Jalla Sanju , Westcott Jamie , Steirn Marsha , Miller Leland V. , Bell Melanie , Krebs Nancy F. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe aims of this study were to compare the absorption efficiency of zinc from rice cereal and meat, with and without human milk, in 7‐month‐old breast‐fed infants and to compare the size of exchangeable zinc pools in the infants according to the assigned complementary food.MethodsFractional absorption of zinc was measured in male infants using extrinsic labeling with a stable isotope of zinc in a test meal of either pureed beef (n = 9) or iron‐fortified infant rice cereal (n = 9). The effect on fractional absorption of the addition of human milk to each complementary food was measured in each infant with a second oral zinc isotope. Fractional absorption was measured using fecal monitoring of isotope excretion, and exchangeable zinc pool size was calculated from isotopic enrichment in urine.ResultsFractional absorption of zinc did not statistically differ between the beef (0.41 ± 0.11) and cereal (0.36 ± 0.05) test meals, although the trend showed that beef had higher fractional absorption than cereal. The higher intake of zinc from the beef versus cereal test meal resulted in a 16‐fold greater amount of absorbed zinc (P = 0.0002). The addition of human milk caused significant decreases in fractional absorption of zinc (0.07 ± 0.02, P = 0.01) and absorbed zinc (0.04 ± 0.01 mg, P < 0.0001). The size of the exchangeable zinc pool did not differ according to group but was strongly correlated with mean daily zinc intake (r = 0.72, P = 0.003).ConclusionsThese results confirm that meat as a complementary food for breast‐fed infants can provide a rich source of dietary zinc that is well absorbed. The significant positive correlation between zinc intake and exchangeable zinc pool size suggests that increasing zinc intake positively affects metabolically available zinc.
Immune Status of Infants Fed Soy‐Based Formulas With or Without Added Nucleotides for 1 Year: Part 1: Vaccine Responses, and Morbidity
Authors: Ostrom Karin M. , Cordle Christopher T. , Schaller Joseph P. , Winship Timothy R. , Thomas Debra J. , Jacobs Joan R. , Blatter Mark M. , Cho Sechin , Gooch Willis M. , Granoff Dan M. , Faden Howard , Pickering Larry K. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundImmunologic development of soy‐fed infants has not been extensively studied. Early studies of soy flour–based formulas showed decreased immunoglobulin production when soy protein intake was limited. However, there were no significant differences in rotavirus vaccine responses between breast‐fed and soy protein isolate–based formula‐fed infants. Nucleotides added to milk‐based formula benefit infant immune status, but reports of the immunologic effects of adding nucleotides to soy‐based formula are not available. This study evaluated immune status and morbidity of infants fed soy protein isolate formulas with and without added nucleotides for 1 year.MethodsNewborn, term infants enrolled in a masked 12‐month feeding trial were assigned randomly to groups fed soy formula with or without added nucleotides (n = 94, n = 92). A nonrandomized human milk/formula cohort (n = 81) was concurrently enrolled. Recommended immunizations were administered at 2, 4, and 6 months. Immune status was determined from antibody responses to Haemophilus influenzae type b, tetanus, diphtheria, and poliovirus vaccines at 6, 7, and 12 months. Parents and physicians reported morbidity data.ResultsAll vaccine responses were within normal ranges. No response differences were observed between infants fed soy formula and those fed nucleotide‐supplemented soy. However, antibody to H. influenzae type b at 7 and 12 months was higher in infants fed nucleotide‐supplemented soy than in infants fed human milk/formula (P = 0.007, P = 0.008, respectively). Human milk/formula‐fed infants had higher poliovirus neutralizing antibody at 12 months than did soy‐fed infants (P = 0.016). Morbidity analyses showed that only physician‐reported diarrhea was different among groups (groups fed human milk/formula had less diarrhea than did soy groups, P = 0.011).ConclusionsTerm infants fed soy protein isolate–based formulas have normal immune development as measured by antibody responses to childhood immunizations.
Antibacterial Characteristics in the Feces of Breast‐Fed and Formula‐Fed Infants During the First Year of Life
Authors: Köhler Henrik , Donarski Silke , Stocks Beate , Parret Alison , Edwards Christine , Schroten Horst 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundHuman milk is known to protect infants from a number of infectious diseases. Much less is known about the bioactivity of milk‐derived factors in the intestine. In this study, potentially protective characteristics in the feces of breast‐fed and formula‐fed infants were compared.MethodsThe feces of 26 breast‐fed and 18 formula‐fed infants were collected during the first year of life. In each sample, the concentrations of total protein, immunoglobulin A, and sialic acid were measured. In addition, the effect of the fecal samples was measured on the adhesion of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) to Caco‐2 cells and on transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) during an infection.ResultsIn the first month, sialic acid and immunoglobulin A were found in the feces of breast‐fed infants in substantially higher concentrations than in the feces of formula fed infants (sialic acid, 1197 ± 370 μg/ mL versus 31 ± 19 μg/ mL; immunoglobulin A, 0.11 ± 7 mg/mL versus 0.3 ± 1 mg/mL) and thereafter decreased to similar levels in half a year. Adhesion of EPEC to Caco‐2 cells was inhibited between 65% and 85% by stools from both groups. The decrease of TER during EPEC infection was unaffected by fecal samples of any origin or age.ConclusionPotentially protective factors are present in higher concentrations in the stools of breast‐fed infants than in stools of formula‐fed infants. Interestingly, feces from breast‐fed and formula‐fed infants inhibited bacterial adhesion to a similar level, but neither was able to preserve epithelial barrier function.
Anti‐CD20 Monoclonal Antibody (Rituximab) Treatment for Epstein‐Barr Virus‐associated, B‐cell Lymphoproliferative Disease in Pediatric Liver Transplant Recipients
Authors: Serinet Marie Odile , Jacquemin Emmanuel , Habes Dalila , Debray Dominique , Fabre Monique , Bernard Olivier 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesAnti–B‐cell immunotherapy has been used with success in adults with posttransplant B‐cell lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD), but such treatment has rarely been reported in children. We report the outcome of anti–CD20 antibody (rituximab) therapy for Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)–associated PTLD in six pediatric liver transplant recipients.MethodsIn these six patients, PTLD was diagnosed within 2 to 4 months after transplantation. The tumors were classified as monomorphic or polymorphic B‐cell infiltrate expressing CD20 antigen and EBV genome. Anti‐CD20 therapy was associated with withdrawal of tacrolimus or ciclosporine therapy in all patients. Intravenous rituximab was administered at 375 mg/m2 once a week for 3 to 4 consecutive weeks.ResultsRituximab treatment was associated with decreased EBV load, disappearance of abnormal serum immunoglobulin concentration, and disappearance of tumoral masses, which occurred 1 to 2.5 months after treatment onset. Despite rituximab therapy, one patient was diagnosed subsequently with a cerebral tumor. Five patients experienced acute liver graft rejection episodes within 10 days to 2.5 months after beginning treatment. In these patients, immunosuppression was reintroduced, but three children experienced fatal chronic rejection, whereas two experienced complete tumor remission. Three children are alive and in complete remission, with normal liver tests, 15 months to 3 years after PTLD onset.ConclusionsRituximab therapy is an interesting approach for children with early EBV‐associated PTLD after liver transplantation. It does not prevent cerebral localization, and rapid resumption of immunosuppression may be advisable to prevent lethal chronic liver graft rejection.
HLA‐DQA1 and HLA‐DQB1 Genetic Markers and Clinical Presentation in Celiac Disease
Authors: Zubillaga Paul , Vidales Maria Concepcion , Zubillaga Itziar , Ormaechea Victor , García‐Urkía Nerea , Vitoria Juan Carlos 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPatients with celiac disease are diagnosed at any age and can exhibit a wide range of clinical manifestations. The reasons for this are unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate a possible correlation between the HLA‐DQA1 and HLA‐DQB1 genetic markers and clinical features of celiac disease.MethodsA total of 133 patients with celiac disease were tested for the HLA‐DQA1 and HLA‐DQB1 genes. Their corresponding allele and haplotype frequency distributions were estimated from the phenotypes found. The results were correlated with data from the clinical records.ResultsThe DQ2 molecule was found in 93% of the patients, and DQ2 or DQ8 was found in 98%. The DQA1*0201‐DQB1*0202 haplotype showed strong linkage disequilibrium. DQ2 homozygosis was significantly associated with female sex, earlier age at diagnosis, and shorter delay between onset of symptoms and diagnosis. Double‐dose DQB1*02 (01–02) allele was more frequent in patients with the classic presentation of the disease.ConclusionsThe genetic markers investigated may prove useful for diagnosing and managing celiac disease. With some clinical variables, correlations not previously described were found. These correlations have a moderate strength and, therefore, must be confirmed by other studies.