bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co‐Encapsulating Enzymes and Carbon Dots in Metal–Organic Frameworks for Highly Stable and Sensitive Touch‐Based Sweat Sensors
Authors: Zheng Xin Ting , Leoi Melisa Wei Ning , Yu Yong , Tan Sherwin Chong Li , Nadzri Naeem , Goh Wei Peng , Jiang Changyun , Ni Xi Ping , Wang Pei , Zhao Meng , Yang Le 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWearable metabolite sensors are often limited by easily denaturable enzymes that only allow short‐duration monitoring. Although encapsulating enzymes in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) shows promise of long‐term enzyme protection, it is typically accompanied by significantly decreased activity due to increased diffusion barrier, steric hindrance for enzyme‐substrate binding, and poor enzyme‐electronic interface. Herein, the co‐encapsulation of enzymes and ultrasmall arginine‐derived carbon dots (Argdot) into a mesoporous Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework‐8 (mZIF‐8) matrix and the enhancement effect of Argdot on enzyme stability and activity, which consequently improves the electrochemical sensor's long‐term sensitivity are investigated. Specifically, the glucose oxidase (GOx)‐Argdot@mZIF‐8 nanocomposite consistently exhibits 40% higher electrochemical sensitivity compared to control GOx@mZIF‐8, an improvement similarly demonstrated with another model enzyme lactate oxidase (LOx). Furthermore, GOx‐Argdot@mZIF‐8 displays excellent stability, retaining 100% of initial sensitivity over 30 days of repeated testing at 37 °C. A touch‐based glucose sensor prototype is demonstrated as an excellent reusable sensor to monitor finger‐tip sweat glucose levels over one month at room temperature. This enzyme encapsulation strategy is not only useful for developing reusable sweat sensors with long‐term monitoring capability, but also promising to expand the industry use of enzymes under harsh conditions.
Rapid Prototyping of Thermoplastic Microfluidic 3D Cell Culture Devices by Creating Regional Hydrophilicity Discrepancy
Authors: Bai Haiqing , Olson Kristen N. Peters , Pan Ming , Marshall Thomas , Singh Hardeep , Ma Jingzhe , Gilbride Paige , Yuan Yu‐Chieh , McCormack Jenna , Si Longlong , Maharjan Sushila , Huang Di , Qian Xiaohua , Livermore Carol , Zhang Yu Shrike , Xie Xin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMicrofluidic 3D cell culture devices that enable the recapitulation of key aspects of organ structures and functions in vivo represent a promising preclinical platform to improve translational success during drug discovery. Essential to these engineered devices is the spatial patterning of cells from different tissue types within a confined microenvironment. Traditional fabrication strategies lack the scalability, cost‐effectiveness, and rapid prototyping capabilities required for industrial applications, especially for processes involving thermoplastic materials. Here, an approach to pattern fluid guides inside microchannels is introduced by establishing differential hydrophilicity using pressure‐sensitive adhesives as masks and a subsequent selective coating with a biocompatible polymer. Optimal coating conditions are identified using polyvinylpyrrolidone, which resulted in rapid and consistent hydrogel flow in both the open‐chip prototype and the fully bonded device containing additional features for medium perfusion. The suitability of the device for dynamic 3D cell culture is tested by growing human hepatocytes in the device under controlled fluid flow for a 14‐day period. Additionally, the study demonstrated the potential of using the device for pharmaceutical high‐throughput screening applications, such as predicting drug‐induced liver injury. The approach offers a facile strategy of rapid prototyping thermoplastic microfluidic organ chips with varying geometries, microstructures, and substrate materials.
Mesoscience in Hollow Multi‐Shelled Structures
Authors: Wei Yanze , Zhao Decai , Wang Dan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe prevalence of mesoscale complexity in materials science underscores the significance of the compromise in competition principle, which gives rise to the emergence of mesoscience. This principle offers valuable insights into understanding the formation process, characteristics, and performance of complex material systems, ultimately guiding the future design of such intricate materials. Hollow multi‐shelled structures (HoMS) represent a groundbreaking multifunctional structural system that encompasses several spatial regimes. A plethora of mesoscale cases within HoMS present remarkable opportunities for exploring, understanding, and utilizing mesoscience, varying from the formation process of HoMS, to the mesoscale structural parameters, and finally the distinctive mass/energy transfer behaviors exhibited by HoMS. The compromise in competition between the diffusion and reaction contributes to the successful formation of multi‐shells of HoMS, allowing for precise regulation of the structural parameters by dynamically varying the interplay between two dominances. Moreover, the distinct roles played by the shells and cavities within HoMS significantly influence the energy/mass transfer processes with the unique temporal‐spatial resolution, providing guidance for customizing the application performance. Hopefully, the empirical and theoretical anatomy of HoMS following mesoscience would fuel new discoveries within this promising and complex multifunctional material system.
Construction of Triboelectric Series and Chirality Detection of Amino Acids Using Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Pal Arnab , Ganguly Anindita , Wei Po‐Han , Barman Snigdha Roy , Chang Chia‐Chih , Lin Zong‐Hong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTriboelectrification necessitates a frictional interaction between two materials, and their contact electrification is characteristically based on the polarity variance in the triboelectric series. Utilizing this fundamental advantage of the triboelectric phenomenon, different materials can be identified according to their contact electrification capability. Herein, an in‐depth analysis of the amino acids present in the stratum corneum of human skin is performed and these are quantified regarding triboelectric polarization. The principal focus of this study lies in analyzing and identifying the amino acids present in copious amounts in the stratum corneum to explain their positive behavior during the contact electrification process. Thus, an augmented triboelectric series of amino acids with quantified triboelectric charging polarity by scrutinizing the transfer charge, work function, and atomic percentage is presented. Furthermore, the chirality of aspartic acid as it is most susceptible to racemization with clear consequences on the human skin is detected. The study is expected to accelerate research exploiting triboelectrification and provide valuable information on the surface properties and biological activities of these important biomolecules.
Defining the clinical and procedural opportunities available to residents during rural rotations
Authors: Haefke Brandon , Scholz Daniel , Homme James (Jim) , Jones Derick 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionMany emergency medicine (EM) residency programs include clinical rotations in rural emergency departments (“rural rotations”) as part of their curriculum. These rotations are designed to expose residents to clinical scenarios that are less frequently encountered in tertiary centers. The objective of this study was to determine the rate at which residents were exposed to certain clinical and procedural experiences (CPEs) while on rural rotations compared to their usual academic training hospital.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective chart review of all patient encounters involving EM residents at a large academic hospital in Rochester, Minnesota, compared with two rural hospitals in Austin, Minnesota, and Albert Lea, Minnesota, from July 1, 2019, to June 30, 2020. The frequency of each CPE was calculated and expressed as the number of CPEs encountered per 100 clinical hours worked. These values were compared between the rural and academic sites.ResultsA total of 33,417 patient encounters over a total of 41,700 resident clinical hours were analyzed between the three study sites. The two settings (rural vs. academic) had significant differences in baseline patient demographics including age, acuity, and admission rates. Several CPEs were found to occur at a higher frequency in the rural hospitals versus the academic hospital: ambulance necessity documentation (9.3/100 h rural vs. 0.07/100 h academic, p ≤ 0.0001), laceration repair (3.39/100 h rural vs. 2.0/100 h academic, p = 0.0004), and splint/cast application (1.53/100 h rural vs. 0.07/100 h academic, p ≤ 0.0001).ConclusionsRural EM rotations provide residents exposure to a variety of valuable educational experiences. These rotations may provide residents with superior exposures to some clinical experiences compared to academic hospitals, particularly out‐of‐ED transfers and orthopedic procedures. Residency programs without a current rural rotation should consider creating this as an option for their trainees.
Plant physical defenses contribute to a latitudinal gradient in resistance to insect herbivory within a widespread perennial grass
Authors: Headrick Kevin C. , Juenger Thomas E. , Heckman Robert W. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPremiseHerbivore pressure can vary across the range of a species, resulting in different defensive strategies. If herbivory is greater at lower latitudes, plants may be better defended there, potentially driving a latitudinal gradient in defense. However, relationships that manifest across the entire range of a species may be confounded by differences within genetic subpopulations, which may obscure the drivers of these latitudinal gradients.MethodsWe grew plants of the widespread perennial grass Panicum virgatum in a common garden that included genotypes from three genetic subpopulations spanning an 18.5° latitudinal gradient. We then assessed defensive strategies of these plants by measuring two physical resistance traits—leaf mass per area (LMA) and leaf ash, a proxy for silica—and multiple measures of herbivory by caterpillars of the generalist herbivore fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda).ResultsAcross all genetic subpopulations, low‐latitude plants experienced less herbivory than high‐latitude plants. Within genetic subpopulations, however, this relationship was inconsistent—the most widely distributed and phenotypically variable subpopulation (Atlantic) exhibited more consistent latitudinal trends than either of the other two subpopulations. The two physical resistance traits, LMA and leaf ash, were both highly heritable and positively associated with resistance to different measures of herbivory across all subpopulations, indicating their importance in defense against herbivores. Again, however, these relationships were inconsistent within subpopulations.ConclusionsDefensive gradients that occur across the entire species range may not arise within localized subpopulations. Thus, identifying the drivers of latitudinal gradients in herbivory defense may depend on adequately sampling the diversity within a species.
Unified Synthesis of 2‐Isocyanoallopupukeanane and 9‐Isocyanopupukeanane through a “Contra‐biosynthetic” Rearrangement
Authors: Hardy Melissa A. , Hayward Cooke Jack , Feng Zhitao , Noda Kenta , Kerschgens Isabel , Massey Lynée A. , Tantillo Dean J. , Sarpong Richmond 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHerein, we describe our synthetic efforts toward the pupukeanane natural products, in which we have completed the first enantiospecific route to 2‐isocyanoallopupukeanane in 10 steps (formal synthesis), enabled by a key Pd‐mediated cyclization cascade. This subsequently facilitated an unprecedented bio‐inspired “contra‐biosynthetic” rearrangement, providing divergent access to 9‐isocyanopupukeanane in 15 steps (formal synthesis). Computational studies provide insight into the nature of this rearrangement.
Low‐temperature gelling phenomenon for a class of slow‐curing phthalonitrile‐benzoxazine resin
Authors: Yang Xulin , Zhu Ziyi , Wang Pan , Lei Wenwu , Zhong Fei , Li Ying , Li Kui , Feng Wei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBifunctional phthalonitrile‐benzoxazine (PNBZ) usually suffers from slow‐curing characteristics. Recently, we unexpectedly observed a waste liquid containing PNBZ solution and excess ethylenediamine (EDA) had turned into a gel at room temperature. Since the report on the PNBZ gelling phenomenon below 150°C was rare, this accidental finding manifested the possible formation of PNBZ gel at low temperatures. By varying the EDA molar ratio, PNBZ gels with different microstructures were successfully realized at the low temperature of 50°C. Through the differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analyse (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared technique, the driving force behind the gel formation was found to be the low‐temperature copolymerization between the amino group of EDA and the BZ ring of PNBZ, resulting in the amine‐containing intermediate. PNBZ gel was thermally unstable, but was mechanically robust. The current method was also universal to realize polymer or composite gels for a class of slow‐curing PNBZ resin (i.e., allyl‐containing PNBZ gel and its carbon nanotube‐filled composite gel). This study not only expands our understanding of the low‐temperature polymerization behavior of PNBZ but also provides a versatile strategy for low‐temperature preparation of PNBZ‐based gels. Making the most of current approach, it is believed that multifunctional PNBZ‐based gels will be developed for various applications.
The effects of light therapy on depression and sleep in women during pregnancy or the postpartum period: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Xinyu , Fang Liang , Guan Lianzi , Zhang Jiajia , Zheng Mingming , Zhu Daomin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn recent years, light therapy has been tried for the treatment of depression and sleep in pregnancy or postnatal period women, but the results have been inconclusive. This meta‐analysis is the first to systematically review the effects of light therapy on depression and sleep disturbances in women during pregnancy and the postnatal period.MethodsWe searched for randomized controlled studies in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Chinese Biomedical Database up to January 2023. The standardized mean difference (SMD) was used to assess the efficacy of the outcome indicators.ResultsEight studies were eventually included in the analysis. The results showed that light therapy was more effective than the placebo group in terms of depression (SMD = .34, CI = .08–.61) and sleep (SMD = .64,95%CI = .28–1.00). Subgroup analysis could not explain the significant heterogeneity. There were no serious adverse effects in either the light therapy or placebo groups.ConclusionsLight therapy could be considered an effective treatment for depression and sleep disturbances in women during pregnancy and the postnatal period. However, future high‐quality trials with larger sample sizes are still needed.
Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells from human iPSC‐derived teratomas for osteochondral defect regeneration
Authors: Kim Jiseong , Kim Jin‐Su , Kim Dohyun , Bello Alvin Bacero , Kim Byoung Ju , Cha Byung‐Hyun , Lee Soo‐Hong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHuman induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold great promise for personalized medicine, as they can be differentiated into specific cell types, especially mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Therefore, our study sought to assess the feasibility of deriving MSCs from teratomas generated from human iPSCs. Teratomas serve as a model to mimic multilineage human development, thus enriching specific somatic progenitors and stem cells. Here, we discovered a small, condensed mass of MSCs within iPSC‐generated teratomas. Afterward, we successfully isolated MSCs from this condensed mass, which was a byproduct of teratoma development. To evaluate the characteristics and cell behaviors of iPSC‐derived MSCs (iPSC‐MSCs), we conducted comprehensive assessments using qPCR, immunophenotype analysis, and cell proliferation‐related assays. Remarkably, iPSC‐MSCs exhibited an immunophenotype resembling that of conventional MSCs, and they displayed robust proliferative capabilities, similar to those of higher pluripotent stem cell‐derived MSCs. Furthermore, iPSC‐MSCs demonstrated the ability to differentiate into multiple lineages in vitro. Finally, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of iPSC‐MSCs using an osteochondral defect model. Our findings demonstrated that teratomas are a promising source for the isolation of condensed MSCs. More importantly, our results suggest that iPSC‐MSCs derived from teratomas possess the capacity for tissue regeneration, highlighting their promise for future therapeutic applications.
Apatinib added when NSCLC patients get slow progression with EGFR‐TKI: A prospective, single‐arm study
Authors: Liu Minghui , Li Xin , Zhang Hongbing , Ren Fan , Liu Jinghao , Li Yongwen , Dong Ming , Zhao Honglin , Xu Song , Liu Hongyu , Chen Jun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundEpidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR‐TKI) acquired resistance was an inevitably events in NSCLC treatment.AimsIntending to overcome the acquired resistance of EGFR‐TKI.Materials & MethodsA clinical trial was, we enrolled 12 patients who were slowly progressing on first‐generation EGFR‐TKI, and added apatinib when the patients got slow progression.ResultsSeven patients were included in the efficacy analysis. The median PFS2 of apatinib combined with EGFR‐TKI was 8.2 months (95% CI, 7.3 m‐NA), and the total PFS reached 20.9 months (95% CI, 17.3 m‐NA) when plus PFS1. All the adverse events were manageable. The median PFS was significantly longer for circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA)‐cleared patients (8.4 months; 95% CI, 8.2‐NA) than for those ctDNA not cleared (7.1 months; 95% CI, 6.9‐NA) (p = 0.0082).DiscussionThe addition of apatinib did improve the duration of first‐generation EGFR‐TKI use, and the duration was better than the first‐line use of third‐generation EGFR‐TKI.ConclusionThe addition of apatinib when the patients got slow progression after initial EGFR‐TKI therapy may be a good treatment option and the side effects are controllable. It is possible to monitor treatment efficacy using ctDNA.
Rethinking anxiety and depression for autistic adults through personal narratives: A mixed‐method analysis of blog data
Authors: Petty Stephanie , Lambarth Shauna , Hamilton Lorna G. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundAutistic adults appear to be more vulnerable to anxiety and depression than their neurotypical peers. However, definitions of emotional well‐being that are suitable for autistic adults are missing from this research, along with a missing complete understanding of what contributes to and alleviates negative emotions.MethodsAutistic adults' experiences of emotions were systematically searched for within blog data from 26 autistic authors. The search strategy identified the context of emotions, without adhering to a priori definitions. Corpus‐based and thematic analyses explored the most salient contributing factors and coping responses. Consultation with autistic adults directed the research.ResultsNegative emotions were most salient and were accompanied by qualifying descriptions of being intense and misrepresented by single‐word labels. The impacts of negative emotions were pain and fatigue, disrupted self‐care, housing and employment, and an accumulated toll on self‐identity. Emotional regulation was achieved through monitoring physiological arousal, ownership of sensory and social stressors, investing in immersive activities, planning what to expect from daily life and rejecting deficit‐based views of autism.ConclusionsThe findings offer some explanation for high estimates of anxiety and depression for autistic adults, by illustrating the unsuitability of neuronormative emotion concepts and assessment tools. There are significant implications for clinical practice, insisting on a formulation of difference rather than outdated practice that foregrounds deficit and disorder. We do not suggest that these views reflect the experiences of all autistic people. This study contributes a creative and participatory method to hear the viewpoint of autistic adults. A well‐being resource is shared.
Cytotoxic and Antifungal Staurosporine Derivatives from Marine‐Derived Actinomycete Streptomyces sp. ZS‐A121
Authors: Xu Lei , Liu Renshuang , Fang Jiebin , Zhang Ningjing , Pu Fanqi , Lei Zhen , Ding Wanjing , Jiang Yongjun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA novel staurosporine derivate, streptomholyrine A (1), along with 6 known compounds were identified from the rice‐based solid fermentation of marine‐derived Streptomyces sp. ZS‐A121. The planar structure and absolute configuration of streptomholyrine A were elucidated using a combination of 1D, 2D NMR, HRESIMS data analysis, chemical transformation, ECD and NMR calculations. Screening of all these compounds revealed their cytotoxic activity against HCT‐116 cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 0.012 to 11.67 μM, except for the known 1H‐indole‐3‐hydroxyacetyl, which showed no inhibition activity. Furthermore, streptomholyrine A, along with two known staurosporine derivatives, k252d and staurosporine, exhibited activities against Candida albicans, with MICs of 12.5, 25.0 and 50.0 μg/ml, respectively.
Understanding the Poly (Triazine Imide) Crystals Formation Process: The Conversion from Heptazine to Triazine
Authors: Yu Jiawen , Cai Mengdie , Cheng Qin , Chen Fang , Bai Jia‐qi , Wei Yuxue , Chen Jingshuai , Sun Song 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPoly (triazine imide) (PTI) generally obtained via ionothermal synthesis features extended π‐conjugation and enhanced crystallinity. However, in‐depth investigation of the polycondensation process for PTI is an onerous task due to multiple influencing factors and limited characterization techniques. Herein, to simplify the polymerization route and exclude non‐essential factors, PTI was prepared by calcining only melamine and LiCl. This study aims to identify the pivotal role of LiCl in PTI formation, which can convert heptazine‐based intermediates into more stable triazine‐based PTI framework. Based on this discovery, we demonstrate the transformation process of the prepared samples from amorphous Bulk g‐C3N4 to regular PTI, and further prove that the reaction with LiCl causes disruption of heptazine covalent organic frameworks. Additionally, the PTI exhibits higher photocatalytic water splitting performance due to efficient charge carrier mobility and separation, as well as faster reaction kinetics. This discovery deepens understanding of the polycondensation process of PTI crystals and provides insights toward the rational design of crystalline carbon nitride‐based semiconductors.