bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gliosis and brain remodeling after treatment of stroke in rats with marrow stromal cells
Authors: Li Yi , Chen Jieli , Zhang Chun Ling , Wang Lei , Lu Dunyue , Katakowski Mark , Gao Qi , Shen Li Hong , Zhang Jing , Lu Mei , Chopp Michael 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe long‐term (4‐month) responses to treatment of stroke in the older adult rat, using rat bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs), have not been investigated. Retired breeder rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) alone, or injected intravenously with 3 × 106 MSCs, at 7 days after MCAo. Functional recovery was measured using an adhesive‐removal patch test and a modified neurological severity score. Bromodeoxyuridine, a cell proliferation marker, was injected daily for 14 before sacrifice. Animals were sacrificed 4 months after stroke. Double immunostaining was used to identify cell proliferation and cell types for axons, astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes. MSC treatment induced significant improvement in neurological outcome after MCAo compared with control rats. MSC treatment reduced the thickness of the scar wall (P < 0.05) and reduced the numbers of microglia/macrophages within the scar wall (P < 0.01). Double staining showed increased expression of an axonal marker (GAP‐43), among reactive astrocytes in the scar boundary zone and in the subventricular zone in the treated rats. Bromodeoxyuridine in cells preferentially colocalized with markers of astrocytes (GFAP) and oligodendrocytes (RIP) in the ipsilateral hemisphere, and gliogenesis was enhanced in the subventricular zone of the rats treated with MSCs. This is the first report to show that MSCs injected at 7 days after stroke improve long‐term neurological outcome in older animals. Brain tissue repair is an ongoing process with reactive gliosis, which persists for at least 4 months after stroke. Reactive astrocytes responding to MSC treatment of ischemia may also promote axonal regeneration during long‐term recovery. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The role of nutrition in cancer development and prevention
Authors: Michels Karin B. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractNutrition has long been suspected to play an important role in cancer etiology. The biologic properties of nutrients make them prime candidates to aid in cancer prevention. Indeed, early epidemiologic cancer studies seemed to confirm the relevance of diet. These studies, however, were plagued by recall bias and confounding and may have thus been misleading. The results from large, prospective cohorts do not support a strong relation between nutrition and cancer. Given the difficulties in precisely assessing habitual diet, modest associations may exist, which may be impossible to capture when relying on self‐reported dietary information. Energy balance, reflected in a low body weight and high level of physical activity, has been more convincingly related to lower cancer rates. The potential importance of more extreme dietary regimens and of nutrition during earlier periods of life remains to be explored. Finally, epigenetic research is likely to contribute to the understanding of nutritional regulation of gene expression. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endostatin inhibits nitric oxide and diminishes VEGF and collagen XVIII in squamous carcinoma cells
Authors: Hebert Carla , Siavash Hessam , Norris Kathleen , Nikitakis Nikolaos G. , Sauk John J. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractLow pO2 values are a common finding among oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). Our objective was to determine the role that oxygen tension plays on the direct tumor effect of endostatin (ES). Squamous carcinoma cell lines were grown under normoxic or hypoxic conditions and treated with endostatin (ES), nitric oxide (NO) donors, NO scavengers, NO synthase inhibitors, or transduced with AdenoVec™‐hEndo or AdenoVec™Null vectors. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and collagen XVIII were determined by RT‐PCR and protein levels assessed by Western blot analyses. Our studies demonstrated that collagen XVIII and VEGF are expressed and responsive to ES in a limited number of SCC cell lines during normoxia but were most responsive when grown under hypoxic conditions. VEGF and collagen XVIII were downregulated by both ES and transduction of cells with AdenoVec™‐hEndo. The effects of ES on SCC cells were enhanced by aminoguanidine (Ag), L‐NAME, and diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI). Endostatin and transduced with ES vectors diminished the levels of NO whereas NO donors enhanced VEGF expression and collagen XVIII expression. In conclusion, the direct effect of endostatins on tumor cells is most effective under conditions of low oxygen tension and can be potentiated by the use of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors or NO scavengers. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Upregulation of Wilms' tumor gene 1 (WT1) in desmoid tumors
Authors: Amini Nik Saeid , Hohenstein Peter , Jadidizadeh Ali , Van Dam Kim , Bastidas Adriana , Berry Rachel L. , Patek Charles E. , Van der Schueren Bernadette , Cassiman Jean‐Jacques , Tejpar Sabine 
Published: November 2004

AbstractDesmoid tumors (aggressive fibromatosis) are locally invasive soft tissue tumors in which β‐catenin/TCF3 mediated Wnt signaling is activated. More than 80% of desmoid tumors contain activating mutations in β‐catenin. It has been shown that the Wnt signaling pathway interacts with Wilms' tumor gene 1 (WT1) in normal kidney development and plays a role in the genesis of some Wilms' tumors. About 15% of Wilms' tumors contain WT1 mutations and of these, about 50% contain β‐catenin mutations. This overlap in mutation pattern of WT1 and β‐catenin in Wilms' tumor suggests that these 2 genes may collaborate in the genesis of a subset of Wilms' tumors. To investigate whether this hypothesis could be extended to other Wnt‐dependent tumor types, we searched for WT1 mutations and studied WT1 expression in β‐catenin mutant desmoid tumors. We investigated the expression of WT1 mRNA and protein in desmoid tumors. Medium to high abundant levels of WT1 mRNA were detected by TaqMan quantitative PCR in all tested desmoids cells, whereas adjacent normal fibroblasts showed less expression of WT1. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry confirmed this overexpression at the protein level. A mutational screen of the WT1 zinc‐finger region by sequence analysis did not identify any mutations. Finally, we investigated a possible role of β‐catenin on WT1 regulation and vice versa. Overexpression of different β‐catenin mutants in the HEK293T cell line did not modulate WT1 promoter activity and WT1 did not affect β‐catenin /TCF transcriptional activity in this cell line. These results show that the wild‐type WT1 gene is strongly overexpressed in β‐catenin mutant desmoid tumors and may play a role in tumorigenesis of desmoid tumors, similar to what has been suggested in some epithelial malignancies. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential effect of a bone morphogenetic protein‐7 (OP‐1) on primary and revision loaded, stable implants with allograft
Authors: Søballe Kjeld , Jensen Thomas B. , Mouzin Olivier , Kidder Louis , Bechtold Joan E. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractMorselized impacted bone allograft is often used to reconstruct the bone bed in the revision of failed total joint arthroplasties. We hypothesized that addition of the bone morphogenetic protein OP‐1 (BMP‐7) to bone allograft would improve early implant fixation. We inserted one loaded 6‐mm‐diameter titanium implant (surrounded by 0.75‐mm gap) in each medial condyle of 24 canines. On one side, the implant was inserted in a controlled experimental revision setting resembling the clinical revision situation. A primary implant was inserted on the contralateral side in a previously unoperated site. Three groups were studied: 1) allograft alone, 2) allograft + 0.4 mg OP‐1, and 3) allograft + 0.8 mg OP‐1. Implant fixation was evaluated at 4 weeks. Grafted implants inserted in the primary setting without OP‐1 had better fixation than the grafted revision setting with or without OP‐1 (significantly more bone coverage, more mineralized tissue in the gap, and better mechanical interface strength). However, grafted primary implants with OP‐1 had impaired fixation compared with grafted primary implants without OP‐1 (less bone coverage of the implant and less bone formation in the gap). In contrast, grafted revision implants with OP‐1 significantly increased implant fixation compared with grafted revision implants without OP‐1 (increased mechanical interface strength and fraction of mineralized tissue in the gap). We found no differences between the two doses in any of the settings. Addition of OP‐1 to bone allografted implants may show benefit at sites with impaired bone healing capacities, such as the revision setting. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 71A: 569–576, 2004
Novel heparin/alginate gel combined with basic fibroblast growth factor promotes nerve regeneration in rat sciatic nerve
Authors: Ohta Masayoshi , Suzuki Yoshihisa , Chou Hirotomi , Ishikawa Namiko , Suzuki Shigehiko , Tanihara Masao , Suzuki Yasuo , Mizushima Yutaka , Dezawa Mari , Ide Chizuka 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe have developed an alginate gel crosslinked with covalent bonds for regeneration of dermis, nerve, and bone. Recently, a novel matrix (H/A gel) which consists of heparin and alginate covalently crosslinked with ethylenediamine, was designed. It can stabilize and release biologically active basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) for 1 month, which is one of the heparin‐binding growth factors. In the present report, we examined the effect of this novel H/A gel on nerve regeneration in the rat sciatic nerve. In this study, regenerated axons in H/A gel with bFGF grew faster than in ordinary alginate gel with bFGF in the early stage. Myelinated fibers showed a tendency to increase in diameter toward the normal size in the later stage. Nerve bundles in the implantation exhibited minimal fibrosis and good vascularization. H/A gel with bFGF exhibited better‐developed vascularization than ordinary alginate gel with bFGF. These findings suggested that H/A gel with bFGF could serve not only as an efficient cellular scaffold, but also as a stabilizing matrix for bFGF for peripheral nerve regeneration. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 71A: 661–668, 2004
DNA vaccination against tumors
Authors: Prud'homme Gérald J. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractDNA vaccines have been used to generate protective immunity against tumors in a variety of experimental models. The favorite target antigens have been those that are frequently expressed by human tumors, such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), ErbB2/neu, and melanoma‐associated antigens. DNA vaccines have the advantage of being simple to construct, produce and deliver. They can activate all arms of the immune system, and allow substantial flexibility in modifying the type of immune response generated through codelivery of cytokine genes. DNA vaccines can be applied by intramuscular, dermal/epidermal, oral, respiratory and other routes, and pose relatively few safety concerns. Compared to other nucleic acid vectors, they are usually devoid of viral or bacterial antigens and can be designed to deliver only the target tumor antigen(s). This is likely to be important when priming a response against weak tumor antigens. DNA vaccines have been more effective in rodents than in larger mammals or humans. However, a large number of methods that might be applied clinically have been shown to ameliorate these vaccines. This includesin vivoelectroporation, and/or inclusion of various immunostimulatory molecules, xenoantigens (or their epitopes), antigen‐cytokine fusion genes, agents that improve antigen uptake or presentation, and molecules that activate innate immunity mechanisms. In addition, CpG motifs carried by plasmids can overcome the negative effects of regulatory T cells. There have been few studies in humans, but recent clinical trials suggest that plasmid/virus, or plasmid/antigen‐adjuvant, prime‐boost strategies generate strong immune responses, and confirm the usefulness of plasmid‐based vaccination. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The DNA minor groove binding agents Hoechst 33258 and 33342 enhance recombinant adeno‐associated virus (rAAV) transgene expression
Authors: Li Lina , Yang Linda , Kotin Robert M. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBackgroundRecombinant adeno‐associated viruses (rAAV) are commonly used in pre‐clinical and clinical gene transfer studies. However, the relatively slow kinetics of rAAV transgene expression complicates in vitro and in vivo experiments.Methods293 and COS‐1 cells were transduced with rAAV2‐EGFP, rAAV1‐EGFP, or rAAV5‐EGFP. The rAAV‐EGFP expression was analyzed in the presence of Hoechst 33 258 or 33 342 as a function of time and concentration by flow cytometry and fluorescent microscope. Effects of Hoechst on cell cycle populations were determined by flow cytometry. Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression plasmids with or without AAV inverted terminal repeats (ITR) were constructed and gene expression by transient transfection was compared in the presence of Hoechst.ResultsWe found that Hoechst 33 258 and 33 342 increase both the level and the population of EGFP gene expressing cells, transduced by several different serotypes of rAAV‐EGFP. The augmentation of rAAV‐EGFP expression occurs in different cell types in a concentration‐dependent manner. In addition, the Hoechst 33 258 or 33 342 mediated enhancement of rAAV gene expression correlated with an increase of cells in S phase and G2/M phases of the cell cycle. Finally, gene expression from transfected ITR‐containing plasmid DNA was also enhanced by Hoechst dyes.ConclusionsOur results revealed that two different, although related, DNA‐binding drugs, Hoechst 33 258 and 33 342, accelerate the kinetics of rAAV transgene expression. These findings may provide the basis for more sensitive assessment of rAAV biological activity and also extend the applications of rAAV for in vivo gene transfer. Published in 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enantiomeric separation of chlorophenoxy acid herbicides by nano liquid chromatography‐UV detection on a vancomycin‐based chiral stationary phase
Authors: Rosales‐Conrado Noelia , León‐González Ma Eugenia , D'Orazio Giovanni , Fanali Salvatore 
Published: November 2004

AbstractEnantiomeric separation of mecoprop, dichlorprop, and fenoprop herbicides in their acid form, commonly used to control the growth of broad‐leaved weeds, was carried out by nano‐liquid chromatography (nano‐LC) at a flow rate of 60 nL/min, using a packed capillary column with vancomycin‐modified silica particles of 5 μm. The length of chiral stationary phase was 21 cm, while the total and effective lengths were 43 and 33 cm, respectively. Inner diameter was 0.075 mm. Separated peaks were detected at 195 nm. Several mixtures of methanol, water, and 500 mM ammonium acetate buffer at different pH's were tested as mobile phase, and experimental parameters such as resolution (Rs), capacity factor (k), efficiency (N/m), and enantioselectivity factor (α) were measured under all the test conditions. Baseline enantiomeric separation was obtained for the three studied herbicides with α in the range 1.6–1.9, using as the mobile phase aqueous solutions containing 85% methanol, 5% of 500 mM ammonium acetate pH 4.5 buffer, and 10% water. Experimental results show that the vancomycin stationary phase presents a great enantiorecognition capability towards chlorophenoxy acid herbicides on using nano‐LC.
Extended thermodynamic approach to ion interaction chromatography. A mono‐ and bivariate strategy to model the influence of ionic strength
Authors: Cecchi Teresa , Pucciarelli Filippo , Passamonti Paolo 
Published: November 2004

AbstractRecent breakthroughs in the theory of ion interaction chromatography (IIC) permit new analyses of the dependence of retention on different interdependent factors. The influence of the ionic strength I on the surface potential, the Donnan effect, and salting effects are taken into account to model the chromatographic behaviour of charged analytes in IIC. The most reliable experimental results found in the literature were used to test the retention equations that were developed following both a monovariate (I changes as the concentration of H, ion interaction reagent, changes) and a bivariate (I changes because of the simultaneous variation of H and of the background electrolyte concentrations) approaches. The present extended thermodynamic model builds on the sound intuition of the electrostatic approach and proves to provide the most successful and exhaustive quantitative explanation of experimental evidence. It is also able to rationalise the less extensive agreement between the pure electrostatic approach predictions and experimental results. The adequacy of the model is supported by physically reliable estimates of the adjustable constant (ion‐pair constants, ΔG°). Moreover statistical practice demonstrates that all the adjustable parameters (three at the most) are statistically significant. A linear, zero crossing function with unit slope is obtained when kpred is plotted against kexp. The mean percent error between kpred and kexp is 4.5% at most. In the absence of H the present retention equation reduces, as expected, to the relationship that describes the influence of I on the retention behaviour in reversed‐phase liquid chromatography.
Csaba Horváth's contribution to the theory and practice of capillary electrochromatography
Authors: Svec Frantisek 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThis overview has been written as a tribute to a luminary of chromatography – Csaba Gyula Horváth, who passed away earlier this year. Since the scope of his work was enormous, the following pages focus only on one single aspect of his scientific activities, capillary electrochromatography. He was a visionary, recognizing the great potential of this method and devoted a large part of his efforts to studies of problems related to CEC, covering a huge variety of issues embracing the theoretical foundation, instrumentation, and column technology. During the period of time from 1996 to 2004, Csaba Horváth published almost 30 excellent papers concerning capillary electrochromatography, which are reviewed in this article.
Post‐Crosslinkable Blends: Reactions Between a Linear Poly(hydroxyl‐amino ether) and a Diepoxy
Authors: Constantin François , Fenouillot Françoise , Pascault Jean‐Pierre , Williams Roberto Juan Jose 
Published: November 2004

AbstractSummary: A thermoplastic poly(hydroxyl‐amino ether) polymer (BLOX) was blended with a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A monomer (DGEBA). This system may be used as a crosslinkable thermoplastic. It means that it may be processed in an extruder like a classic thermoplastic, and cured by etherification reactions initiated by tertiary amine groups of the BLOX in a second step, to produce a material with good mechanical properties. In order to understand and quantify the etherification reactions occurring at high temperature (135 °C), between epoxy groups of the diepoxy and hydroxyl groups of the thermoplastic, a model system was studied based on DGEBA in excess and ethanolamine. In the model system the rate of the etherification reaction was well described by a second‐order kinetic equation. The specific rate constants and the epoxy conversion at the gel were related to the polarity of the reactive medium. The polyetherification occurring in the DGEBA‐BLOX system could also be fitted with a second‐order kinetics. A significant increase in the reaction rate was observed when using high BLOX concentrations.
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Gliding motion of bacteria on power‐law slime
Authors: Wang Yongqi , Hayat Tasawar , Siddiqui Abdul Majeed 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe present investigation deals with an undulating surface model for the motility of bacteria gliding on a layer of non‐Newtonian slime. The slime being the viscoelastic material is considered as a power‐law fluid. A hydrodynamical model of motility involving an undulating cell surface which transmits stresses through a layer of exuded slime to the substratum is examined. The non‐linear differential equation resulting from the balance of momentum and mass is solved numerically by a finite difference method with an iteration technique. The manner in which the various exponent values of the power‐law flow affect the structure of the boundary layer is delineated. A comparison is made of the power‐law fluid with the Newtonian fluid. For the power‐law fluid with respect to different power‐law exponent values, shear‐thinning and shear‐thickening effects can be observed, respectively. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular monitoring of environmental conditions influencing the induction of ochratoxin A biosynthesis genes in Penicillium nordicum
Authors: Geisen Rolf 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system specific for the ochratoxin A polyketide synthase gene (otapksPN) of Penicillium nordicum has been used to analyze environmental conditions, influencing the induction of that key gene of the ochratoxin A biosynthetic pathway. Generally, the induction of that gene coincides very well with the biosynthesis of ochratoxin A, demonstrating that its induction can be used as a molecular signal to monitor ochratoxin A production. It could be shown, that the expression of the otapksPN gene is greatly dependent on the media used. In YES medium expression is highest, followed by minimal medium which support ochratoxin A production and minimal medium which suppresses ochratoxin A production. The amount of ochratoxin A produced shows the same tendency. The amount produced is highest on YES medium and decreases successively to the two minimal media. The system was also used to determine the influence of environmental parameters like temperature, pH and NaCl concentration on the expression of the otapksPN gene and on ochratoxin A production in parallel. It could be shown that under acidic conditions, below pH 5.0, the expression of the otapksPN gene as well as the ochratoxin A concentration were reduced. In case of salt concentration again both measures coincide, having both highest values at increasing NaCl concentrations. In case of the temperature, however, expression of the otapksPN gene was uncoupled to ochratoxin A production. The expression was high at all temperatures tested, however, clear differences in the biosynthesis of ochratoxin A by P. nordicum could be observed at the different temperatures, showing highest production at 25°C. The importance of these data are discussed with reference to the natural habitat of P. nordicum.
Nature times nurture: How organizations can optimize their people's contributions
Authors: Erickson Bill 
Published: November 2004

AbstractLeaders and managers have turned to science to devise better ways of developing high‐performance organizations. The author, however, cautions against being misled by oversimplified perspectives in the long‐running “nature versus nurture” debate over what determines human behavior. He contends the truth is really more complex, and it can point the way to more effective people management solutions once we know—with the help of good science—the real “changeables” and “unchangeables” in employee behavior. He provides two examples of solutions—better hiring/selection practices and improving employee engagement— that, when aided by science, yield a high return on investment for the companies that adopt them. © 2004 Bill Erickson
Roche group's sales organization models long‐term sales force effectiveness
Authors: Grossman Steven H. , Cotton Rodney D. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractRecent studies of high‐performing sales organizations reveal that five characteristics help these organizations stay ahead of the pack. And the secrets of their long‐term success aren't what you might expect. The Diabetes Care Hospital Group of Roche Diagnostics, not in a growth industry, redesigned its sales effort by applying those characteristics—and grew their business. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.