bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts and Statistical Mitigation of Missing Data on the 21 cm Power Spectrum: A Case Study with the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array
Authors: Chen Kai-Feng , Wilensky Michael J. , Liu Adrian , Dillon Joshua S. , Hewitt Jacqueline N. , Adams Tyrone , Aguirre James E. , Baartman Rushelle , Beardsley Adam P. , Berkhout Lindsay M. , Bernardi Gianni , Billings Tashalee S. , Bowman Judd D. , Bull Philip , Burba Jacob , Byrne Ruby , Carey Steven , Choudhuri Samir , Cox Tyler , DeBoer David. R. , Dexter Matt , Eksteen Nico , Ely John , Ewall-Wice Aaron , Furlanetto Steven R. , Gale-Sides Kingsley , Garsden Hugh , Gehlot Bharat Kumar , Gorce Adélie , Gorthi Deepthi , Halday Ziyaad , Hazelton Bryna J. , Hickish Jack , Jacobs Daniel C. , Josaitis Alec , Kern Nicholas S. , Kerrigan Joshua , Kittiwisit Piyanat , Kolopanis Matthew , La Plante Paul , Lanman Adam , Ma Yin-Zhe , MacMahon David H. E. , Malan Lourence , Malgas Cresshim , Malgas Keith , Marero Bradley , Martinot Zachary E. , McBride Lisa , Mesinger Andrei , Mohamed-Hinds Nicel , Molewa Mathakane , Morales Miguel F. , Murray Steven G. , Nuwegeld Hans , Parsons Aaron R. , Pascua Robert , Qin Yuxiang , Rath Eleanor , Razavi-Ghods Nima , Robnett James , Santos Mario G. , Sims Peter , Singh Saurabh , Storer Dara , Swarts Hilton , Tan Jianrong , van Wyngaarden Pieter , Zheng Haoxuan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The precise characterization and mitigation of systematic effects is one of the biggest roadblocks impeding the detection of the fluctuations of cosmological 21 cm signals. Missing data in radio cosmological experiments, often due to radio frequency interference (RFI), pose a particular challenge to power spectrum analysis as this could lead to the ringing of bright foreground modes in the Fourier space, heavily contaminating the cosmological signals. Here we show that the problem of missing data becomes even more arduous in the presence of systematic effects. Using a realistic numerical simulation, we demonstrate that partially flagged data combined with systematic effects can introduce significant foreground ringing. We show that such an effect can be mitigated through inpainting the missing data. We present a rigorous statistical framework that incorporates the process of inpainting missing data into a quadratic estimator of the 21 cm power spectrum. Under this framework, the uncertainties associated with our inpainting method and its impact on power spectrum statistics can be understood. These results are applied to the latest Phase II observations taken by the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array, forming a crucial component in power spectrum analyses as we move toward detecting 21 cm signals in the ever more noisy RFI environment.
Uniform Modeling of Observed Kilonovae: Implications for Diversity and the Progenitors of Merger-driven Long Gamma-Ray Bursts
Authors: Rastinejad J. C. , Fong W. , Kilpatrick C. D. , Nicholl M. , Metzger B. D. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We present uniform modeling of eight kilonovae, five following short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs; including GRB 170817A) and three following long GRBs. We model their broadband afterglows to determine the relative contributions of afterglow and kilonova emission. We fit the kilonovae using a three-component model in MOSFiT, and report population median ejecta masses for the total, blue (κ
B = 0.5 cm2 g−1), purple (κ
P = 3 cm2 g−1), and red (κ
R = 10 cm2 g−1) components. The kilonova of GW170817 is near the sample median in most derived properties. We investigate trends between the ejecta masses and the isotropic-equivalent and beaming-corrected γ-ray energies (E

γ,iso, E

γ
), as well as rest-frame durations (T
90,rest). We find long GRB kilonovae have higher median red ejecta masses (M
ej,R ≳ 0.05 M
⊙) compared to on-axis short GRB kilonovae (M
ej,R ≲ 0.02 M
⊙). We also observe a weak scaling between the total and red ejecta masses with E

γ,iso and E

γ
, though a larger sample is needed to establish a significant correlation. These findings imply a connection between merger-driven long GRBs and larger tidal dynamical ejecta masses, which may indicate that their progenitors are asymmetric compact object binaries. We produce representative kilonova light curves, and find that the planned depths and cadences of the Rubin and Roman Observatory surveys will be sufficient for order-of-magnitude constraints on M
ej,B (and, for Roman, M
ej,P and M
ej,R) of future kilonovae at z ≲ 0.1.
The Observed Phase Space of Mass-loss History from Massive Stars Based on Radio Observations of a Large Supernova Sample
Authors: Sfaradi Itai , Horesh Assaf , Fender Rob , Rhodes Lauren , Bright Joe , Williams-Baldwin David , Green Dave A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this work, we study the circumstellar material (CSM) around massive stars, and the mass-loss rates depositing this CSM, using a large sample of radio observations of 325 core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe; only ~22% of them being detected). This sample comprises both archival data and our new observations of 99 CCSNe conducted with the AMI-LA radio array in a systematic approach devised to constrain the mass loss at different stages of stellar evolution. In the supernova (SN)–CSM interaction model, observing the peak of the radio emission of an SN provides the CSM density at a given radius (and therefore the mass-loss rate that deposited this CSM). On the other hand, limits on the radio emission, and/or on the peak of the radio emission provide a region in the CSM phase space that can be ruled out. Our analysis shows a discrepancy between the values of mass-loss rates derived from radio-detected and radio-nondetected SNe. Furthermore, we rule out mass-loss rates in the range of 2 × 10−6–10−4
M
⊙ yr−1 for different epochs during the last 1000 yr before the explosion (assuming wind velocity of 10 km s−1) for the progenitors of ~80% of the Type II supernovae (SNe II) in our sample. In addition, we rule out the ranges of mass-loss rates suggested for red supergiants for ~50% of the progenitors of SNe II in our sample. We emphasize here that these results take a step forward in constraining mass loss in winds from a statistical point of view.
Study on the Shallow Decay Segment of Gamma-Ray Burst X-Ray Afterglow
Authors: Zhao Litao , Chen Minjiang , Wu Fan , Liu Yang , Wang Xuqing , Wang Yuxin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The X-ray afterglow of a certain fraction of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) comprises a phase of shallow decay. However, the origin of the shallow decay segment is still a mystery. In this paper, we select 103 GRBs that exhibit a shallow decay segment, based on Swift/XRT data prior to 2023 June. We apply the fallback accretion energy external dissipation model to the shallow decay segment in our sample, and find the model can interpret the shallow decay segment within a reasonable range of parameter space. The fallback rate of the progenitor envelope materials onto the accretion disk can reach a peak of 10−7–0.1 M
⊙ s−1 within a time frame of 10–105 s, which is consistent with the typical density profile and spin profile of the progenitor of a GRB. During the fallback process of progenitor envelope materials, progenitor stars of most GRBs have the highest fallback rate at a radius ~1010 cm, which is consistent with the typical radius of a Wolf–Rayet star. The production of shallow decay segments of most GRBs in our sample requires injecting Blandford–Znajek (BZ) energy equal to 10–100 times the kinetic energy of the initial GRB blast wave into the blast wave. However, the shallow decay segment of a few GRBs requires the injected energy to be comparable to the kinetic energy of the blast wave, which means that even if less energy is injected into a GRB blast wave, it is still possible to produce a shallow decay segment. In addition, the peak time of the fallback rate of the progenitor envelope materials is close to the time when BZ energy is injected into the blast wave, which means that the fallback accretion is more active in the initial phase. In summary, our research results provide further support to an external origin for the shallow decay segment in GRBs.
Characterization of a Peculiar Einstein Probe Transient EP240408a: An Exotic Gamma-Ray Burst or an Abnormal Jetted Tidal Disruption Event?
Authors: O’Connor Brendan , Pasham Dheeraj , Andreoni Igor , Hare Jeremy , Beniamini Paz , Troja Eleonora , Ricci Roberto , Dobie Dougal , Chakraborty Joheen , Ng Mason , Klingler Noel , Karambelkar Viraj , Rose Sam , Schulze Steve , Ryan Geoffrey , Dichiara Simone , Monageng Itumeleng , Buckley David , Hu Lei , Srinivasaragavan Gokul P. , Bruni Gabriele , Cabrera Tomás , Cenko S. Bradley , Eerten Hendrik van , Freeburn James , Hammerstein Erica , Kasliwal Mansi , Kouveliotou Chryssa , Kunnumkai Keerthi , Leung James K. , Lien Amy , Palmese Antonella , Sakamoto Takanori 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We present the results of our multiwavelength (X-ray to radio) follow-up campaign of the Einstein Probe transient EP240408a. The initial 10 s trigger displayed bright soft X-ray (0.5–4 keV) radiation with peak luminosity L
X ≳ 1049 (1050) erg s−1 for an assumed redshift z ≳ 0.5 (2.0). The Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory and Neutron star Interior Composition ExploreR discovered a fading X-ray counterpart lasting for ∼5 days (observer frame), which showed a long-lived (∼4 days) plateau-like emission (t
−0.5) before a sharp power-law decline (t
−7). The plateau emission was in excess of L
X ≳ 1046 (1047) erg s−1 at z ≳ 0.5 (2.0). Deep optical and radio observations resulted in nondetections of the transient. Our observations with Gemini South revealed a faint potential host galaxy (r ≈ 24 AB mag) near the edge of the X-ray localization. The faint candidate host, and lack of other potential hosts (r ≳ 26 AB mag; J ≳ 23 AB mag), imply a higher redshift origin (z ≳ 0.5), which produces extreme X-ray properties that are inconsistent with many known extragalactic transient classes. In particular, the lack of a bright gamma-ray counterpart, with the isotropic-equivalent energy (10–10,000 keV) constrained by GECam and Konus-Wind to E

γ,iso ≲ 4 × 1050 (6 × 1051) erg at z ≈ 0.5 (2.0), conflicts with known gamma-ray bursts of similar X-ray luminosities. We therefore favor a jetted tidal disruption event as the progenitor of EP240408a at z ≳ 1.0, possibly caused by the disruption of a white dwarf by an intermediate-mass black hole. The alternative is that EP240408a may represent a new, previously unknown class of transient.
Off-label short-term use of thiocolchicoside (Tiyozid®) in the clinical therapy of fibromyalgia
Authors: Reshkova Valentina , Monov Simeon , Mandadjiev Alexander 
Published: January 2025

Summary: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a complex, chronic, nondegenerative musculoskeletal disorder of unknown etiology, and it requires a different clinical approach for every patient.
Objectives: The present clinical follow-up observes the effect of the central-acting myorelaxant thiocolchicoside (Tiyozid®) on clinical manifestations in patients with primary fibromyalgia.
Methods: The following article presents a prospective clinical follow-up in eighteen ambulatory women with primary fibromyalgia observed in 41 days.
Results: A significant difference between the 1st and 41st day of treatment with thiocolchicoside (Tiyozid®) 4 mg tablets in the mean number of pain points (15.4 ± 1.9 vs. 13.17 ± 1.5, p &lt; 0.05), an increase in pain threshold (2.37 ± 0.4 to 2.58 ± 0.3, p &gt; 0.05), and a decrease in the degree of chronic fatigue (7.1 ± 0.8 vs. 3.5 ± 1.3, p &lt; 0.05). On the 41st day, the overall impact of treatment with thiocolchicoside on quality of life showed a significant improvement (37.5 ± 11 vs. 28 ± 8, p &lt; 0.05).
Conclusion: As a short-term therapy, thiocolchicoside (Tiyozid®) has a positive effect on clinical manifestations in patients with primary fibromyalgia, which affects everyday activities and improves their quality of life.
Tunisian persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) jelly: Effect on physicochemical, microbiological, rheological, biological activities and sensory properties of bilayer yogurt
Authors: Allouache Radia , Koubaier Hayet Ben Haj , Mahmoudi Imen , Turki Mohamed , Snoussi Ahmed 
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the incorporation of the persimmon jelly on the quality of the bilayer yogurt. The samples were prepared using 10, 15and 20% layers of persimmon jelly. The products were stored at 4°C for four weeks. During this period, the physicochemical, rheological, microbiological and sensorial characteristics, phenolic contents and the antioxidant activity were investigated. The results showed that a* and b* color parameters have been increased with the amount of the jelly layer. Bilayer yogurts showed higher phenolic (2.245 ±0.11 mg AGE/g) and antioxidant capacities (58.91 ±0.51%) for Y20 than the control. The addition of persimmon jelly to yogurt did not affect the lactic bacteria growth. Regarding sensory evaluation, the scores for the different attributes increased as the amount of persimmon jelly added increased. Collectively, these findings revealed that persimmon fruit have the ability to improve the biological and the technological characteristics of yogurt as a functional food, which can be used as potential food ingredients.
Domestic violence: Screening and management in South Africa
Authors: Pretorius Deidré , Ruch Aviva 
Published: January 2025

Violence manifests in various ways in healthcare, including trauma from an undifferentiated patient, psychosomatic illness, substance abuse or dependency and mental health challenges. Different forms of violence exist, such as intimate partner violence, gender-based violence, domestic violence, child abuse, neglect, elder abuse, sexual violence, self-directed violence and collective violence. These may be included in domestic violence or exist as standalone forms. Health practitioners play a pivotal role in managing incidents of domestic violence. This article highlights the definitions in the Amended Domestic Violence Act of 2021 and suggests screening options for domestic violence. The authors also suggest screening tools, a management flow diagram and contact numbers for resources. Domestic violence can be a generational curse that compromises biopsychosocial wellbeing. To break the perceived culture of violence, healthcare workers play a pivotal role in screening and management, as well as the mandatory reporting of domestic violence when children and the elderly are sharing such a household.
Characteristics of paediatric burn injuries seen in the tertiary emergency centre, South Africa
Authors: Mugwena Ntsovelo , Human Rule , Geyser Maria M. 
Published: January 2025

Background: Burn injuries cause significant morbidity and mortality, with prevalence in developing countries such as South Africa. This study aimed to determine the characteristics and referral patterns of burn injuries.Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in a single emergency centre, Kalafong Provincial Tertiary Hospital, from 01 January 2021 to 31 December 2021. The study included patients 13 years with burn injuries.Results: A total of 266 patients were identified. Males (n = 144, 54.1%) had a higher prevalence of incurring burn injuries. The majority of injuries were secondary to scald burns (n = 237, 89.1%). A total of 208 (78.2%) patients had a percentage of total body surface area (%TBSA) of 10%, and 257 (96.6%) had superficial partial-thickness burns. Only 77 (28.9%) cases were from referral centres and there was no relationship between referral pattern and %TBSA. Majority (n = 248, 93.2%) received no pre-hospital wound care. Only 108 (40.6%) patients were admitted and the median length of hospital stay (interquartile range [IQR]) was 7 days (2 to 9). There was a significant relationship between the length of hospital stay and %TBSA burns (p 0.001).Conclusion: The pattern of burn injuries in patients is similar to previous studies carried out predominantly in townships in South Africa. Most referrals were found to be appropriate and complied with institutional burn injury admission protocol, although pre-hospital wound care was inadequate.Contribution: Primary burn injury care is vital to reduce morbidity and mortality, and development of programmes for public awareness of burn injuries remains crucial.
Assessment of Systemic Oxidative Stress Modulation in Melasma Following Treatment with Yellow Light Laser 577 nm and Topical 0.3% 4N Butyl Resorcinol: A Comparative Prospective Study
Authors: Khurana Neelam , Mehdi Mohammad M. , Sawhney Mohinder P. S. , Bansal Sanjiv K. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
Melasma is an acquired hyperpigmentation disorder of the skin. Recent studies suggest that oxidative stress may contribute to the pathogenesis of melasma. Upregulated levels of circulatory antioxidants in blood serum and vascular endothelial growth factors in melasma lesions have been observed. The prospective study was conducted to compare the effect of the treatment of melasma with and without the use of a 577 nm vascular laser on levels of enzymatic antioxidants.

Aims and Objectives:
To compare the modulation in the levels of enzymatic antioxidants in melasma patients treated with 577 nm yellow light laser in combination with topical depigmenting serum as compared to those using depigmenting serum alone.

Materials and Methods:
Sixty patients with melasma of both sexes were randomly divided into groups of 30 each. Group A patients were treated with yellow light laser 577 nm (wavelength) once every 4 weeks for 4 sittings and topical depigmenting serum (4n butyl resorcinol) daily for 24 weeks. Group B patients were treated only with topical depigmenting serum. Levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and malondialdehydes (MDA) were estimated at 0 and 24 weeks.

Results:
Mean difference in lowering of the antioxidant levels in Group A and B was SOD1 (0.73 versus 0.12), GPX1, (0.62 versus 0.30), iNOS (1.56 versus 0.52), MDA, (0.73 versus 0.38), TAC (2.24 versus 1.28). A significantly higher mean of difference was observed in patients treated with combination therapy.

Conclusion:
Significantly higher reduction of enzymatic antioxidants with 577 nm yellow light laser in combination with 4 N-butyl resorcinol as compared to topical depigmenting agent alone recommends that combination therapy in melasma may target different aspects of a condition to enhance overall effectiveness.
Correlation of P53 expression and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wu Xiangmei , Duan Lijiang 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:
Investigation of a potential prognostic marker expressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) can help patients benefit from new target therapeuticmodalities.

Aims:
To study the expression and correlation of P53 protein and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) related makers in NSCLC.

Materials and Methods:
32 cases were selected for immunohistochemistry analysis to evaluate the expression of P53 and EMT-related makers.

Results:
The positive expression rate of P53 and the incidence of EMT in NSCLC were closely linked to TNM stages, differentiation degree, and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). A positive association was found between P53 and EMT (r = 0.380, P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
There is a positive association between P53, snail, and EMT. P53 may affect EMT in NSCLC by up-regulating the expression of Snail and further promoting cancer invasion and metastasis.
Bradycardia in severely dehydrated cholera patient: A case report
Authors: Shah Ronak 
Published: January 2025

Rationale:
Cholera is an acute diarrheal disease caused by the ingestion of food or water contaminated by Vibrio cholerae. It threatens global health and signifies a lack of proper access to clean water and sanitation. If not treated properly, cholera causes severe watery diarrhea that can lead to hypovolemic shock.

Patient’s Concern:
A 23-year-old male patient was admitted with severe diarrhea with a frequency of fifteen to twenty loose, watery stools and was severely dehydrated. The patient developed severe bradycardia with a positive serum troponin level and no chest pain. Initial electrocardiogram on the day of admission was sinus tachycardia with a heart rate of 120 beats/min on the third day of admission, the patient developed bradycardia with a heart rate of 45 beats/min with a prolonged QT interval of 550 msec (corrected QT interval 476 msec).

Diagnosis:
Cholera with sinus bradycardia with prolonged QT interval.

Interventions:
Based on the clinical situation and the inferior vena cava status determined by ultrasound, a thorough fluid resuscitation using crystalloids was performed. The patient was then administered antibiotics: oral doxycycline 300 mg STAT and intravenous ciprofloxacin 15 mg/kg twice daily for three days.

Outcomes:
After 5 days of adequate hydration and antimicrobial treatment, diarrhea was resolved and heart rate improved with no electrocardiogram abnormalities.

Lessons:
This case report highlights the importance of timely diagnosis and managing severe diarrhea in cholera patients to prevent morbidity and mortality. Public awareness regarding cholera and its complications is necessary for the betterment of the community.
A preliminary study of the causes, management and complications of orbital blowout fractures in University Hospital, Malaysia
Authors: Ong Ah Hup Michael , Abbas Talib H. 
Published: January 2025

Aim:
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the incidence, causes, management and surgical outcomes of 15 patients with orbital blowout fracture.

Methods:
During the period of 19-years (1981-1999), out of 870 patients sustained with maxillofacial injuries in the University Hospital, 557 had midthird fractures, 100 had orbital fractures, 46 had orbital floor fractures, 15 patients recorded with pure blowout fractures and 6 had loss of vision.

Results:
Blowout fractures made up of 33 % of orbital floor fractures and 15% of orbital fractures, but only 2.7% of midthird fractures. For patients with blowout fracture (n=15), the average age of the patients (range 9-43) was 21 years. The ratio of male to female is 4:1. The aetiology was 7(47%) road traffic accidents, 5 (33%) alleged assaults and 3 (20%) injuries from falls. Majority of patients were treated with Ttitanium mesh (47%, n=7) and Silastic implants (33%, n=5). One patient was treated with bone graft and 2 without. The average time of surgery from trauma is 6.5 weeks and follow-up of patients is 21 months. Preoperatively, 6 patients had significant diplopia, 3 had significant enophthalmos and 6 had paraesthesia. Postoperatively, 4 still had significant diplopia (67%), 2 with significant enophthalmos (67%) and 3 still had paraesthesia (50%).

Conclusion:
The main cause of orbital blowout fractures was road traffic accident and none of the patients had loss of vision. Titanium and Silastic implants were used but neither suggest better results postoperatively.
Sensory impairment following lower third molar surgery
Authors: Mahadzir Wan , Mun Yuen Kar , A Khamiza Z , Bakar Zurina A 
Published: January 2025

This single centre 5 year prospective study reports the incidence of impairment of inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) and lingual nerve sensation following the removal of impacted lower molars and investigates the relationship between nerve damage and age, depth and type of impaction, gender, surgical technique, time taken, raising of the lingual flap during surgery and grade of staff and assistant. The study covers 246 patients who had 261 wisdom teeth removed. The patients were unselected for age, gender or social class.
Impairment was determined by direct questioning of the patients. After 7 days the incidence of lingual nerve impairment was 2.0% percent. The incidence of inferior alveolar nerve impairment was 2.8% percent. No permanent nerve damage was recorded. The study suggests that lingual and inferior dental nerve paraesthesia were related to the type of impaction, degree of difficulty and not sectioning the tooth.