bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Geometry for Bayes Linear Prediction Systems
Authors: Farrow M , Goldstein M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In a Bayes linear prediction system, linear rules which combine prior expectations with observed data are used to predict as yet unobserved quantities. As time passes and data accumulate, the performance of the system may lead to suggestions for modifications to the belief formulation. In this paper we describe the diagnostic triangle, a graphical display which summarises, in a simple qualitative form, all changes in expectation for a multivariate time series and is appropriate for diagnostic monitoring of the development of the series. The approach is illustrated with a biological application concerning repeated multivariate time series of observations on competing species of fruitfly.
Hierarchical Modelling for Classifying Binary Data
Authors: Kokolakis* G E , Dellaportas** P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A prior which is a generalisation of the Dirichlet distribution is suggested for classification problems with binary data. Generalisation of previously suggested modelling considerations is achieved via a hierarchical modelling framework with careful hyperparameter choice which allows sharing information among cells. Illustrations and comparisons with other approaches are provided using real data examples and a Markov chain Monte Carlo implementation strategy.
Choosing an Appropriate Covariance Function in Bayesian Smoothing
Authors: Upsdell M P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the Bayesian approach to smoothing the choice of covariance function controls the form of smoothing used. The class of covariance functions for which the information about some derivative of the unknown curve is stationary is investigated and the Gaussian covariance function is suggested as a suitable choice when all the derivatives of the curve are assumed to exist. Further covariance functions are proposed for use when the unknown curve is assumed to be approaching an asymptote or following a seasonal pattern.
Intrinsic Bayes Factors for Model Selection with Autoregressive Data
Authors: Varshavsky J A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One cannot typically use standard noninformative priors for Bayesian model selection or for testing hypotheses of different dimensions, since such priors are only defined up to arbitrary constants which affect values of Bayes factors. A recently proposed model selection criterion, the Intrinsic Bayes Factor (IBF), overcomes this problem and performs well for a variety of situations involving sequences of IID data. The present paper suggests a modification of IBFs for model selection with dependent data structures, autoregressive models, in particular. Numerical problems arising in direct computations of the IBFs are presented and their possible solutions are discussed.
Bayesian Approaches to the Population Modelling of a Monotonic Dose-Response Relation
Authors: Walker S G , Wakefield J C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In a dose-ranging study the goal is to establish an initial dose of a new drug for patients from the relevant target population. This may be achieved by observing individual responses over a range of dose levels from a randomly selected sample from the patient population. When data from such studies is analysed it is important to acknowledge between patient variability. Typically this is done using a hierarchical model with a (parametric) non-linear first stage model. Here we assume that a parametric dose-response curve is unknown but that a monotonic dose-response relation exists. We propose two semiparametric forms and demonstrate their use with simulated data.
The spectrum and spectral inclusions
Authors: Laursen Kjeld B , Neumann Michael M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, we investigate more thoroughly the spectrum of a bounded linear operator on a Banach space from the viewpoint of local spectral theory. We already know from Chapter 1 that local spectral properties may be used to identify certain parts of the spectrum. For instance, we have seen in Proposition 1.3.2 that, for every operator with the single-valued extension property, the spectrum coincides with the surjectivity spectrum, and hence also with the union of the local spectra. To obtain further insight, we need certain tools, which will be introduced in the first two sections of this chapter.
The Professionals Move In
Authors: Field J V 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The very fact that someone of Daniele Barbaro’s social standing should write a treatise on perspective makes it clear, as do the actual contents of the treatise, that mathematical matters such as the use of perspective in paintings and stage sets were considered suitable topics of conversation in patrician circles as well as in learned ones. There is much other evidence to confirm that this was so, though Barbaro’s treatise was also read by practitioners: for instance, Diego Velazquez (1599-1660) owned a copy of it. Another part of mathematics suitable for conversational discussion was astronomy.
Beyond the Ancients
Authors: Field J V 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Renaissance painters found themselves with very little ancient material that they could copy more or less directly. Sculptors had considerably more, and the quantity was steadily increased as excavations provided collectors with further pieces. Architecture survived in larger quantity, though mainly in a ruined state that left a certain amount of scope for the historical imagination, which of course could be aided by surviving texts. In texts, as well as in archaeological survivals, it was architects and engineers who were best provided with evidence about ancient practice. Only for the products of the minor arts, such as medals, cameos and small sculptures, was there a greater mass of evidence from surviving objects than from written sources. For such objects, direct emulation was possible, and sometimes extremely successful in artistic terms (see Fig. 8.1). Indeed, cameos in particular often pose problems for museum curators because it can be very difficult to tell whether some of them were made in Antiquity or in the Renaissance.
Fragmented Perspectives
Authors: Field J V 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By the middle of the sixteenth century it was regarded as normal for an artist to have sufficient mathematical skill to give an appearance of three-dimensionality to pictures, as and when this was required. Later in the century there were in fact some artists who specialised in going much further than this. They painted illusionistic pictures in which at least some elements were to be seen as part of the real architecture of the room. These pictures make very bad illustrations in a book, because once everything is a photograph one truly has no way of telling whether the ornate carved frame shown round a picture is real or merely painted. Moreover, the change of scale also usually affects the strength of the illusion. A lesser or somehow more ‘normal’ degree of uncertainty seems to be required for this kind of sophisticated trompe l’a!il to be fun to look at.
Checking Parametric Regression Models
Authors: Bowman Adrian W , Azzalini Adelchi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Chapters 1 and 3, smoothing techniques were introduced as descriptive and graphical tools for exploratory data analysis. A subsequent step in many cases will be the formulation of a parametric model which takes into account the features which have emerged from the preliminary analysis. The important process of formulating and fitting a suitable parametric model is outside the scope of this book. However, there will always be specific questions which are to be asked of the data. There may indeed be associated theory or hypotheses which have implications for an appropriate statistical model, even at a very simple level such as assumed linear relationships. In these circumstances, such models clearly take precedence over an entirely speculative, exploratory approach. This in turn requires a different strategy for statistical analysis.
Stochastic Networks Theory and Applications
Authors: Kelly F P , Zachary S , Ziedins I 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The theory of stochastic networks is an important and rapidly developing research area, driven in part by industrial applications in the design and control of modern communications and manufacturing networks. This volume is a collection of papers written by leading researchers in the field, providing a comprehensive survey of current research and the very latest developments. Areas covered include the mathematical modeling and optimal control of queuing and loss networks; the use of large deviations theory and effective bandwidth concepts in analysis and control; and the statistical modeling and analysis of network data. The book also contains a comprehensive bibliography of the statistical literature on long-range dependence and self-similarity in network traffic and other scientific and engineering applications, which will be welcomed by researchers in universities, research institutes and industry.
Stationary ergodic Jackson networks: results and counter-examples
Authors: Baccelli Fran ois , Foss Serguei , Mairesse Jean 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper gives a survey of recent results on generalized Jackson networks, where classical exponential or i.i.d. assumptions on services and routings are replaced by stationary and ergodic assumptions. We first show that the most basic features of the network may exhibit unexpected behavior. Several probabilistic properties are then discussed, including a strong law of large numbers for the number of events in the stations, the existence, uniqueness and representation of stationary regimes for queue size and workload.
The Cesaro limit of departures from certain ./GI/1 queueing tandems
Authors: Mountford T , Prabhakar B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We consider an infinite tandem of independent, identical -/GI/1 queues with mean service rate equal to 1 subjected to stationary and ergodic inputs of rate α &lt; 1. Of some interest in the study of such queueing tandems are the following three inter-related questions: (1) For each α&lt; 1, does there exist a rate a stationary and ergodic process, I α, which is an invariant distribution for the queue in the sense that I α T(I α)? (Here T(I α) is the equilibrium departure process corresponding to an input of I α,) (2) For a fixed a, is this invariant distribution unique? (3) When a stationary and ergodic arrival process of rate α &lt; 1 is input to the first queue, do the successive departure processes converge in distribution to the invariant distribution I α (assuming it exists)? For general non-exponential server queues, it is not yet known if invariant distributions exist.
Regression and analysis of variance
Authors: Aitkin Murray , Francis Brain , Hinde John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We consider a practical example from a psychological study. A sample of twenty-four children was randomly drawn from the population of fifth-grade children attending a state primary school in a Sydney suburb. Each child was assigned to one of the two experimental groups, and given instructions by the experimenter on how to construct, from nine differently coloured blocks, one of the 3 × 3 square designs in the Block Design subtest of the Wechsler intelligence scale for children (WISC, see Wechsler, 1949). Children in the first group were told to construct the design by starting with a row of three blocks (row group), and those in the second group were told to start with a corner of three blocks (corner group). The total time in seconds to construct four different designs was then measured for each child. Before the experiment began, the extent of each child’s “field dependence” was tested by the embedded figures test (EFT), which measures the extent to which subjects can abstract the essential logical structure of a problem from its context (high scores corresponding to high field dependence and low ability).
Latent Variable Models and Data Visualisation
Authors: Bishop Christopher M , Tipping Michael E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Visualisation is a powerful and widely used technique for data analysis and data mining. For simple datasets a single projection of the data on to a two-dimensional plane, such as that provided by principal component analysis, may prove adequate. In the case of more complex datasets, however, it may be necessary to find multiple plots corresponding to different projection directions and/or different subsets of the data points in order to capture the full complexity of the data. Here we use latent variable models to construct a framework for data visualisation which allows simultaneous soft clustering and projection of the data in a probabilistic setting. We first show how standard principal component analysis can be formulated in terms of maximum likelihood under a latent variable model. Next we extend the formalism to include both mixtures and hierarchical mixtures of principal component models, and derive the corresponding visualisation algorithms. Finally, we illustrate the hierarchical approach to visualisation using datasets obtained from multiphase flows along oil pipelines, and from satellite image data.
The black silhouette
Authors: Mazzarello Paolo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I have regained the energy that for a few months I had completely lost. I spend long hours at the microscope. I am delighted that I have found a new reaction to demonstrate even to the blind the structure of the interstitial stroma of the cerebral cortex. I let the silver nitrate react with pieces of brain hardened in potassium dichromate. I have obtained magnificent results and hope to do even better in the future.
Spatial orientation and the representation of space with parietal lobe lesions
Authors: Karnath Hans-Otto 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Parietal lobe lesions in humans lead to disturbances of spatial perception and of motor behaviour in space. Due to the usually large extent of lesions affecting the parietal lobe, most clinical cases show a combination of these disturbances. Dissociations arguing for distinct clinical entities combined with small cortical lesions that allow a precise localization of different functions within the parietal lobe are rather rare.
Egocentric and object-based visual neglect
Authors: Driver Jon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Patients with unilateral neglect characteristically fail to acknowledge or to respond appropriately to information towards their contralesional side, even though initial afferent pathways for such information can be demonstrably intact (see Chapters 2, 3, 7 and 23; Bisiach & Vallar 1988; Driver 1998; Robertson & Marshall 1993). Figure 4.1 provides an example of severe left visual neglect in a copying task. The association of such neglect with lesions centred on the right supramarginal gyrus, in the inferior parietal lobule (see Chapter 2, Fig. 2.1), provides one of the classic links between spatial cognition and the parietal lobe. However, it should be noted that while the area of lesion-overlap across most neglect patients certainly does fall within the right inferior parietal region, each individual case typically has quite extensive damage beyond this area as well, including white-matter. Thus, a rather diffuse network of areas will be impaired in most neglect patients. Correspondingly, recent neuropsychological studies suggest that neglect is a multi-component syndrome, with each neglect patient suffering from a number of problems in accordance with their own particular diffuse brain damage (e.g. Rafa! 1994; Thier & Karnath 1997; Mattingley et al. 1998).
Parietal cortex constructs action-oriented spatial representations
Authors: Colby Carol L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We construct a representation of the world around us in order to act. This representation must transform sensory information from the coordinates of several receptor surfaces (e.g. retina, cochlea or skin surface) into the motor coordinates needed for each effector system (e.g. eye, head, limb, trunk). The nature of this representation has been the subject of much debate (see Stein 1992, for discussion). The traditional view, strongly supported by subjective experience, is that we construct a single spatial map of the world in which objects and actions are represented in a unitary framework. The alternative view holds that the brain constructs multiple, action-oriented spatial representations in which objects and locations are represented relative to the body (egocentric representations) or relative to extrinsic reference frames not tied to the body (allocentric representations).
Memory reprocessing in corticocortical and hippocampocortical neuronal ensembles
Authors: Qin Yu-Lin , McNaughton Bruce L , Skaggs William E , Barnes Carol A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The phenomenon of retrograde amnesia for certain kinds of information after temporal-lobe damage (Scoville & Milner 1957; Squire 1992) has Jed to the general hypothesis that the hippocampus somehow facilitates the reactivation of neocortical activity patterns during ‘ offline’ periods such as sleep or quiet wake¬ fulness, when the neocortex is not actively engaged in processing incoming data (Marr 1971). It is presumed that this reactivation somehow permits recently acquired information to become appropriately integrated into long-term memory. This could occur either if the hippocampus generated explicit, compact representations of the events themselves (Marr 1971; Squire 1992; McClelland et al. 1995), or if it merely generated a cognitive map (O’ Keefe & Nadel 1978) that could also serve as a contextual code (Nadel et al. 1985; Teyler & Discenna 1986; McNaughton et al. 1996) for each event. Either of these sorts of codes could be associated with the pattern in the active neocortical modules at the time of the original experience.
Amnesia and neglect: beyond the Delay-Brion system and the Hebb synapse
Authors: Gaffan David , Hornak Julia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This volume offers a rare opportunity to consider the hippocampus, and its role in the explanation of memory and amnesia, in a broad context including other brain structures and other clinical disorders, as the abstract above indicates. To cover these topics in a short space does not allow full consideration of all the relevant evidence. Instead, a short review of the most important points in each topic is given. It is now widely accepted that human amnesia after surgical removal of the medial temporal lobe (Scoville & Milner 1957) cannot be ascribed to the hippocampus alone, because many other structures involved in these removals, such as the amygdala and the perirhinal cortex, have important functions of their own in memory. There is less complete consensus, however, about the assessment of two other sources of clinical evidence: amnesia after ischaemic anoxic hippocampal damage, and after surgical damage to the fornix.
The Molecular Genetics of Hereditary Demyelinating Neuropathies
Authors: Wrabetz L , Feltri M L , Hanemann C O , Muller H W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Hereditary demyelinating neuropathies present to the clinician in one of three forms: (i) peroneal muscular atrophy (slowly progressive wasting and weakness in the distal leg); (ii) a more severe (sometimes fatal) neuropathy of infantile onset with generalized weakness and impaired motor development; or (iii) recurrent focal weakness and altered sensation. Because many of these neuropathies share clinical features with hereditary axonal neuropathies, all have been classified together as the hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies (HMSNs; for a review, see Dyck et al., 1992a). The majority of patients afflicted by HMSN manifest the peroneal muscular atrophy phenotype, inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. In 1886, Charcot and Marie, and independently Tooth, described this phenotype; thus it also carries the name Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) neuropathy. CMT neuropathies have a prevalence of -40/100000 (Skre, 1974; Dyck et al., 1992a).
Transient-state kinetics and computational analysis of transcription initiation
Authors: Patel Smita S , Bandwar Rajiv P , Levin Mikhail K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Transient-state kinetics is an important area of research to investigate the pathway of enzymatic reactions (1-6). Specific experiments are designed to follow the formation and decay of reacting species as a function of time. The concentrations are determined either directly by radiometric methods or indirectly through optical changes associated with the formation of intermediates and products. The kinetics is measured as a function of a second variable such as concentration of enzyme or substrate, based on which a model or a kinetic pathway is constructed. The kinetic data in most cases are too complex and hence best analysed by computational methods that make no assumptions in fitting the data, except for the model chosen by the investigator (7, 8). Several types of experiments including kinetic and equilibrium types are globally fit using numerical and least squares fitting methods to derive a set of intrinsic rate constants that reveals the pathway of the enzymatic reaction. The derived model is considered a working model that makes predictions, based on which new experiments are designed. The results of these experiments are used to refine the model.
Threading Homology Through Algebra: Selected Patterns
Authors: Boffi Giandomenico , Buchsbaum David A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Threading Homology through Algebra takes homological themes (Koszul complexes and their variations, resolutions in general) and shows how these affect the perception of certain problems in selected parts of algebra, as well as their success in solving a number of them. The text deals with regular local rings, depth-sensitive complexes, finite free resolutions, letter-place algebra, Schur and Weyl modules, Weyl-Schur complexes and determinantal ideals. Aimed at graduates and academics in mathematics, the book provides an overview of the developments that have taken place in these areas as well as an insight into some of the open problems which exist.
Some Applications of Weyl and Schur Modules
Authors: Boffi Giandomenico , Buchsbaum David A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the previous chapter we developed the basic definitions of Weyl and Schur modules, as well as Weyl–Schur complexes. In this chapter, we will give indications of how we may apply some of these ideas. In the first two sections, we deal with very basic material, and go into some detail, as the results are fundamental for most of the applications of characteristic-free representation theory that we will see. The remainder of the chapter takes a more cavalier approach to the results considered; we include a few historical notes and rely even more heavily than heretofore on recent reference material.
A cornucopia of holomorphic functions
Authors: Priestley H A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We shall assume that readers know the basic properties of the real trigonometric, exponential, and hyperbolic functions, including the formulae for their derivatives from which the Maclaurin expansions of these functions are obtained. For most, this knowledge will be founded on a naive treatment of these functions, relying on elementary geometry and trigonometry. A few may have seen the naive approach superseded by a more analytical one, in which functions are defined by power series and their expected properties are then derived from the properties of these series. In the complex case, a geometric approach to the elementary functions is no longer available, but this is not a problem. Power series definitions serve admirably, since convergent complex power series behave so well. We begin by investigating that most fundamental of functions, the exponential function.