bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chromosome banding in Amphibia
Authors: Schmid M. , Steinlein C. , Haaf T. 
Published: October 2003

The mitotic chromosomes of three anuran species, <i>Scaphiopus holbrooki</i>, <i>Litoria infrafrenata</i> and <i>Odontophrynus americanus</i>, were analyzed by means of the 5-bromodeoxyuridine/deoxythymidine (BrdU/dT) replication banding technique. These species exhibit large differences in their genome sizes: <i>S. holbrooki</i> possesses one of the smallest genomes among vertebrates, <i>L. infrafrenata</i> has a genome size near the modal DNA value of most Amphibia, whereas <i>O. americanus</i> is a tetraploid species. BrdU/dT labeling induces reproducible and reliable R- and G-replication bands along the metaphase chromosomes of all three species. Irrespective of the genome size of the species considered, the number of early (R-) and late (G-) replicating bands per haploid karyotype is nearly the same. The chromosomes of the autotetraploid <i>O. americanus</i> can be arranged into sets of four homologous chromosomes (quartets). C-bands and BrdU/dT replication bands reveal heterogeneity within the quartets 1, 3 and 4 that are interpreted as the initiation of a diploidization process.
The Interplay of Speech Perception and Phonology: Experimental Evidence from Turkish
Authors: Mielke Jeff 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThis study supports claims of a relationship between speech perception and phonology with evidence from a crosslinguistic perception experiment involving /h/ deletion in Turkish. Turkish /h/ is often deleted in fast speech, but only in a specific set of segmental contexts which defy traditional explanation. It is shown that /h/ deletes in environments where lower perceptibility is predicted. The results of the perception experiment verify these predictions and further show that language background has a significant impact on speech perception. Finally, this perceptual account of Turkish /h/ deletion points to an empirical means of testing the conflicting hypotheses that perception is active in the synchronic grammar or that its influence is limited to diachrony.
In situ Analysis of Coronary Terminal Arteriole Diameter Responses: Technical Report of a New Experimental Model
Authors: Goebel S. , Kuebler W.M. , Cornelissen A.J.M. , Kuppe H. , Pries A.R. , Habazettl H. 
Published: October 2003

<i>Introduction:</i> To date, investigation of coronary arteriole vasomotor activity has been limited to arterioles >30– 40 µm. Here, we introduce a new experimental model to allow for in situ microscopy of terminal coronary arterioles. <i>Methods:</i> Rat hearts were perfused in a closed loop system (priming volume 20 ml) which was placed on a computer-controlled microscope stage. FITC-dextran and tetrodotoxin (TTX, 50 µ<i>M</i>) were added. Tilting of the microscope by 90° allowed for visual access to the ventricular surface. Arterioles were identified by the flow direction of fluorescent beads (1 µm). Images were recorded on video tape, and arteriole diameters were measured offline. Stability of the preparation and maintenance of coronary flow reserve were analyzed. Responses of coronary flow and arteriole diameters to the vasodilators papaverine and Na-nitroprusside were recorded. <i>Results:</i> In TTX-arrested control hearts coronary flow and terminal arteriole diameters were stable for 2 h. Administration of papaverine and Na-nitroprusside increased coronary flow from 6.4 ± 0.7 to 13.3 ± 1.3 ml/min, decreasing coronary resistance by 52 ± 3%. Terminal coronary arteriole diameters increased from 12.0 ± 0.9 to 13.6 ± 1.0 µm, decreasing hindrance of this vessel segment by 45 ± 11%. <i>Conclusion:</i> Preservation of coronary terminal arteriolar tone and adequate responsiveness to vasodilators in the TTX-arrested isolated heart were demonstrated. Thus, this model may serve to complement our understanding of coronary microvascular control mechanisms by extending observations to the terminal arteriolar bed.
Availability of Domiciliary Dental Care for the Elderly
Authors: Longhurst Rosemary H 
Published: October 2003

Purposes of the investigation • To find out if local nursing/residential home managers are experiencing any problems in obtaining domiciliary dental care for residents. • To assess the availability of local GDS and CDS dentists for domiciliary dental care for the elderly and the range of treatments offered. Basic procedures Self-completing postal questionnaires distributed to 148 dentists and 80 nursing/residential home nurse managers. Main findings 71% of responding dentists undertook domiciliary visits but 43% of these were not accepting any new NHS domiciliary patients. Only 21% of those willing to visit would undertake any conservative treatment. Seventy per cent of nurse managers reported few problems in finding a NHS dentist, but the remaining 30% had found it difficult or impossible. Eighty-five per cent would find written guidelines helpful. Principal conclusions The number of elderly patients keeping natural teeth is steadily increasing. The rate of dental caries in institutionalised patients is significantly higher than those living in their own homes. The number of dentists in the area of this study who are accepting new domiciliary patients is rapidly decreasing and only one in five will provide conservative treatment. This is a deteriorating situation, which merits further investigation on a national scale and subsequent planning to address it.
The Working Patterns and Retirement Plans of General Dental Practitioners in a Midlands Health Authority
Authors: Morris John , Harrison Rachel , Caswell Martin , Lunn Howard 
Published: October 2003

Introduction With the problems of access to NHS primary dental care services in the last few years attention has focused on manpower considerations for dentistry. Materials and Method This paper presents the results of a simple survey of general dental practitioners in South Staffordshire. Results The response rate was 88%. Most dentists (76%) reported working over 30 hours a week. A small number reported working more than 50 hours a week. Woman dentists were more likely to report working fewer than 31 hours a week. Younger male dentists tended to work longer hours than older male dentists, whereas younger women dentists tended to work fewer hours than older women. The reported retirement plans suggested that around 16% of dentists in their 40s and 50s were planning to retire before 60. Conclusion The findings add weight to the view that woman dentists tend to work fewer hours but studies of cohorts are required to examine the impact of premature retirement and the reasons behind this apparent gender difference.
Resin-retained Bridges Re-visited Part 1. History and Indications
Authors: George Geoffrey St , Hemmings Ken , Patel Kalpesh 
Published: October 2003

Resin-retained bridges have been used clinically since the 1970s, and offer a more conservative approach to the restoration of edentulous spaces than conventional bridgework. They are easy to place, cheap to fabricate and have been shown to be cost effective. Despite this, they are not frequently used in general dental practice and they have an undeserved reputation for failure. Since their initial introduction, they have undergone a number of changes to their method of retention, and the materials used in their construction. This has resulted in a predictable, aesthetic restoration which, barring the use of implants, is often the treatment of choice where teeth adjacent to an edentulous space are minimally or not restored. This first article details the history, advantages, indications, and designs of resin-retained bridges.
Oral Ill-health and Deprivation among Patients of a General Dental Practice in South Wales
Authors: Richards Wayne 
Published: October 2003

Purpose of study This study aims to establish and report on whether individuals from deprived areas suffer more ill health than adults from areas considered not to be deprived when visiting a general dental practice. Basic procedures Between December 1998 and June 1999 registered dental patients over 18 years of age attending for routine care completed a questionnaire measuring functional, experiential and psychosocial impact of oral ill health. In addition the clinical impact of ill health was established from the patient examination and record card. Clinical outcome was assessed by numbers of standing teeth, oral health was assessed using the Subjective Oral Health Status Indicators (SOHSI). The patient's postcode was used to categorise individuals from areas of different deprivation states. Main findings 99% were dentate with 88.4% having more than 20 teeth. A total of 71.8% were able to eat satisfactorily, 88.2% were able to speak satisfactorily, 54.6% were discontent, 99.4% were worried about their oral health and appearance, 62.8% were satisfied with their oral health, 44.8% experienced discomfort, 65.8% experienced other symptoms, and 86.8% experienced ‘general well-being’. No differences were observed for clinical measures between the deprived groups. Only three out of eight oral health measures showed any differences between the deprived groups, namely, ability to speak, discontent and general well-being. More individuals from deprived areas experienced these impacts. Principal conclusions It was anticipated that individuals from deprived areas would experience greater ill-health: this outcome was not as marked as expected.
Impaired complex I assembly in a Leigh syndrome patient with a novel missense mutation in the ND6 gene
Authors: Ugalde Cristina , Triepels Ralf H. , Coenen Marieke J.H. , Van Den Heuvel Lambert P. , Smeets Roel , Uusimaa Johanna , Briones Paz , Campistol Jaume , Majamaa Kari , Smeitink Jan A.M. , Nijtmans Leo G.J. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractWe describe a novel mutation in the ND6 gene (T14487C) in a patient with Leigh syndrome. Biochemical analyses indicated a low complex I activity in the patient's fibroblasts but normal values in muscle and liver. Cybrid clones showed a specific complex I defect that correlates with the mutant heteroplasmy levels. Additionally, we demonstrate an altered mobility and a decrease in the levels of fully assembled complex I in the patient's fibroblasts and cybrids, suggesting that the mutation has a profound effect on complex I assembly and/or stability.
Functional neuroimaging provides evidence of anomalous cerebral laterality in adults with Klinefelter's syndrome
Authors: Itti Emmanuel , Gaw Gonzalo Irene T. , Boone Kyle B. , Geschwind Daniel H. , Berman Nancy , Pawlikowska‐Haddal Anna , Itti Laurent , Mishkin Fred S. , Swerdloff Ronald S. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThis study aimed to characterize cerebral perfusion in men with Klinefelter's syndrome, known to present specific deficits in language, using 99mTc‐ hexamethylpropylene‐amine‐oxime scintigraphy and Talairach normalization. While a perfusion asymmetry toward the left hemisphere was found in controls, perfusion was mostly symmetrical in Klinefelter patients in the upper temporal and lower parietal areas. Scores on verbal tests were inversely correlated with perfusion changes, providing neurobiological substrate of anomalous cerebral laterality.
The prognostic impact of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors p21WAF1, p27Kip1, and p16INK4/MTS1 in adenocarcinomas of the uterine cervix
Authors: Alfsen G. Cecilie , Reed Wenche , Sandstad Berit , Kristensen Gunnar B. , Abeler Vera M. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe authors assessed the prognostic significance of abnormal cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKI) expression in adenocarcinomas of the uterine cervix.METHODSPopulation‐based, archival material from patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Stage I and II cervical adenocarcionmas from 2 5‐year periods (1976–1980, n = 82 patients; 1986–1990, n = 142 patients) was examined for expression of p21WAF1, p27Kip1, and p16INK4/MTS1 using immunohistochemical techniques.RESULTSRates of tumors with low levels of nuclear expression of p27 and p16 were lower during the period 1976–1980 (P < 0.01), suggesting bias due to unbuffered formalin. Analyses that were restricted to patients from 1986–1990 showed positive associations between all three CDKIs (P < 0.05). Low p16 expression was associated with higher FIGO stage (P = 0.01), age older than 55 years (P = 0.01), and deep invasion (P = 0.003). No significant associations with stage, age, or histopathologic parameters were found for p21 or p27. Significant associations with tumor differentiation were not seen for any CDKI. Kaplan–Meier plots showed diverging survival curves for p21 and p27 expression, but the differences were not significant. In multivariate analysis, low p27 expression and high p16 expression were strong predictors of a poor prognosis (p27: < 40% nuclear staining; P = 0.001; hazard ratio, 3.18; p16: < 40% nuclear staining; P < 0.001; hazard ratio, 0.16). Low p27 expression was of prognostic significance only if it was analyzed together with p16 expression. Further evaluation indicated that patients with different phenotypic p27/p16 combinations may have different outcomes.CONCLUSIONSAberrant expression patterns of CDKIs were predictors of prognosis for patients with FIGO Stage I or II cervical adenocarcinoma. Analysis of CDKI expression in this patient group may prove clinically useful. Cancer 2003. © 2003 American Cancer Society.
The effects of a low‐fat/high‐fiber diet on sex hormone levels and menstrual cycling in premenopausal women
Authors: Gann Peter H. , Chatterton Robert T. , Gapstur Susan M. , Liu Kiang , Garside Daniel , Giovanazzi Sue , Thedford Kim , Van Horn Linda 
Published: October 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDReduction of cumulative exposure to endogenous ovarian steroid hormones is a postulated method for reducing the risk of carcinoma of the breast and other malignancies. Although there are data from trials evaluating the effect of low‐fat and high‐fiber diets on sex hormone levels in premenopausal women, to the authors' knowledge none of these trials has combined a relatively large number of participants, follow‐up of > 2–3 months, parallel controls receiving a usual diet, and careful timing of blood sampling within the menstrual cycle.METHODSA total of 213 healthy women, ages 20–40 years, were randomly assigned to follow their usual diet or to adopt an isocaloric diet with goals of 20% calories as fat, total fiber of 25 g/day, and at least 8 fruit or vegetable servings per day. Serum levels of total estradiol (E2), sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG), non‐SHBG‐bound estradiol (NSBE2), SHBG, and progesterone were evaluated during a menstrual cycle at baseline, and at 4 cycles (C4) and 12 cycles (C12) after the start of the intervention. Serum was collected during each test cycle 7–9 days after the detection of an luteinizing hormone peak in the urine. One hundred eighty‐nine women provided serum at C4 and 176 women at C12.RESULTSSerum E2 decreased by an average of 7.5% or 7.8 pg/mL (95% confidence interval [95% CI], −16.0–0.04) at C12 in the intervention group, versus a decrease of 0.9% or 0.9 pg/mL (95% CI, −9.5–7.7) in the control group (the P value for the difference between the treatment groups was 0.25). Results for NSBE2 were very similar to those for total estradiol. There were no material effects found to result from intervention with regard to SHBG or progesterone. The results did not differ by baseline age, body mass index, or baseline hormone level above or below the median, and were not likely to be affected by weight change, which amounted to a mean loss of only 0.23 kg in the diet group versus a gain of 0.17 kg in the control group. The decrease in serum E2 associated with intervention was not greater when subjects were stratified by self‐reported adherence to the dietary goals.CONCLUSIONSThe results of the current study suggest that the effects of this isocaloric low‐fat, high‐fiber diet pattern on circulating ovarian steroids were modest or nonexistent. However, the observed 7.5% reduction in estradiol could have biologic significance if it persisted over many years. Moreover, underestimation of the true dietary effect could have occurred because of incomplete adherence to assigned diets. Weight loss and weight control through midlife could be a more effective and feasible approach to dietary intervention in reducing the risk of breast carcinoma. Cancer 2003. © 2003 American Cancer Society.
Larval development of Myzostoma cirriferum (Myzostomida)
Authors: Eeckhaut Igor , Fievez Laurence , Müller Monika C.M. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe larval development of Myzostoma cirriferum is described by means of SEM, TEM, and cLSM. It is similar to that of other myzostomids and includes three stages: the protrochophore, the trochophore, and the metatrochophore. The protrochophore is a ball‐shaped larva present in culture from 18–48 h after egg laying. It has no internal organs and its body is made of three cell types: covering cells and ciliated cells that are external and surrounded by a cuticle, and resting cells that fill the blastocoel. The trochophore is a pear‐shaped larva that develops 20–72 h after egg laying; the body includes the same three cell types as the previous stage. The metatrochophore is a pear‐shaped larva that develops between 40 h and 14 days and is characterized by the presence of two bundles of four chaetae. When fully developed, the metatrochophore has a digestive system (made of a pharynx, an esophagus, and a blind digestive pouch), two pairs of protonephridia, and a nervous system composed of a supraesophageal ganglion, circumesophageal connectives, and dorsal and ventral nerves. Metamorphosis generally occurs 7 days after egg laying. At that time, the metatrochophore loses its chaetae and becomes pleated ventrally. This ultrastructural analysis suggests that chaetae and the five ventral longitudinal nerve cords of M. cirriferum metatrochophores are homologous structures to those observed in some polychaete trochophores. Coupled with recent phylogenetic analyses, where the Myzostomida are placed outside the Annelida, homologies between myzostomid and polychaete larvae support the view that a trochophore appeared early during the spiralian evolution. J. Morphol. 258:269–283, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Postmortem on the Federal Reserve's Functional Cost Analysis Program: how useful was the FCA?
Authors: Ors Evren 
Published: October 2003

AbstractI conduct a postmortem analysis on the now defunct Functional Cost Analysis (FCA) Program. I examine whether FCA banks were representative of U.S. bank population. I assess the costs and benefits of participation in a selection model and test whether participation in the program improves bank cost and profit efficiency. I find that FCA banks are not statistically representative of the universe of U.S. banks, but the differences are economically small. I also find that participation adds little, if any, improvement to performance. It would appear that the Federal Reserve System (the Fed) was justified in ending a subsidized service to community banks.
The impact of banks' expanded securities powers on small‐business lending
Authors: Ely David P. , Robinson Kenneth J. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act (GLB) repealed many of the Glass–Steagall restrictions separating commercial and investment banking. We explore whether the ability of commercial banking organizations to conduct securities underwriting has lead to greater small‐business lending at banks with securities affiliates. We hypothesize that this effect on small‐business lending might emerge from greater incentives to engage in relationship lending. Our test results are inconsistent with this hypothesis. Banks with a securities affiliate and with less than $1 billion in assets record lower portfolio proportions of small‐business lending than banks without a securities affiliate. For larger banks, the differences between small‐business lending proportions at banks with and without a securities affiliate are not statistically different when considering the smaller loan categories. Large banks with securities affiliates, though, record significantly lower portfolio proportions of both the largest category of small‐business loans and total small‐business loans.
Acute psychophysiological arousal and posttraumatic stress disorder: A two‐year prospective study
Authors: Bryant Richard A. , Harvey Allison G. , Guthrie Rachel M. , Moulds Michelle L. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThis study investigated the role of acute arousal in the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Hospitalized motor vehicle accident survivors (n = 146) were assessed for acute stress disorder (ASD) within 1 month of the trauma, 6 months later, and reassessed for PTSD 2 years posttrauma (n = 87). Heart rates (HR) were assessed on the day of hospital discharge. Participants who had PTSD 2 years posttrauma had higher HR at hospital discharge than those without PTSD. A diagnosis of ASD or a resting HR of 95 beats per minute had moderate sensitivity (74%) and specificity (91%) in predicting PTSD. These findings suggest that caution is required in using acute HR as a predictor of longer‐term PTSD following trauma.
The clinical relevance of a partial remission specifier for posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Johnson Dawn M. , Zlotnick Caron , Zimmerman Mark 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe clinical relevance of a partial remission specifier for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was examined. Using a subgroup of outpatients from the Rhode Island Methods to Improve Diagnostic Assessment and Services project who met criteria for lifetime PTSD (N = 261), participants with current PTSD, PTSD in partial remission, and PTSD in full remission were compared on various indices of impairment. A substantial number (n = 75) of patients met criteria for PTSD in partial remission (28.7%). Outpatients in partial remission of PTSD displayed comparable levels of social and employment functioning as those with current PTSD, and over half of these patients requested treatment for their symptoms. Results support the clinical utility of a partial remission specifier for PTSD.
An Investigation of Genetic Counselors' Discussions of Genetic Discrimination with Cancer Risk Patients
Authors: Pfeffer Nicole L. , Veach Patricia McCarthy , LeRoy Bonnie S. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractTwenty‐five genetic counselors who see familial cancer risk patients were interviewed about their definitions of genetic discrimination, perceptions of patient risk for discrimination, frequency and type of discrimination experienced by their patients, sources of information about discrimination, and what they tell patients about genetic discrimination. There was variability in participant definitions and content of discussions of genetic discrimination. Although 82% regarded risk to be low to theoretical, 40% reported possible instances of genetic discrimination, including insurance companies requiring results to cover procedures, denial of life/health insurance, social discrimination, and employment discrimination. Ninety‐six percent of the sample reported always or almost always discussing genetic discrimination, and one or more of the following: insurance discrimination risks, protective legislation, no known cases positively documenting discrimination, strategies to avoid discrimination, and uncertainty of protective measures. The majority use current literature and research as information sources. Practice, policy, and research implications are discussed.