bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Significant Reduction in Posttransplant Hepatocellular Carcinoma Recurrence in the Post 6-Mo Waiting Policy Era
Authors: Mahmud Nadim , Yagan Lina , Hoteit Maarouf A. , Reddy K. Rajender , Abt Peter L. , Abu-Gazala Samir 
Published: November 2023

Background.
In 2015, the United Network for Organ Sharing implemented a policy introducing a 6-mo waiting period before granting model for end-stage liver disease exception points to liver transplant (LT) candidates with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study analyzes the policy impact on post-LT HCC recurrence.

Methods.
This was a United Network for Organ Sharing retrospective cohort study of patients with HCC who underwent LT from January 1, 2010, to May 31, 2019. HCC-specific data included alpha-fetoprotein, tumor characteristics, locoregional therapy (LRT), and explant data used to calculate the Risk Estimation of Tumor Recurrence After Transplant score. The primary exposure was pre–/post–policy era, divided on October 8, 2015. Survival analysis techniques were used to evaluate the unadjusted and sequentially adjusted association between policy era and HCC recurrence, accounting for competing risks.

Results.
A total of 7940 patients were included, 5879 (74.0%) pre–policy era and 2061 (26.0%) post–policy era. Post–policy patients were older, received more LRT, and had lower alpha-fetoprotein levels and smaller tumor sizes at transplant. Incidence rates of HCC recurrence were 19.8 and 13.7 events per 1000 person-years for pre– and post–policy eras, respectively. Post–policy era was associated with an unadjusted 35% reduction in the risk of HCC recurrence (P < 0.001). After adjusting for recipient, donor, and tumor characteristics at listing this association remained (subhazard ratio 0.69; 95% confidence interval, 0.55-0.86; P = 0.001); however, after additionally adjusting for LRT episodes and Risk Estimation of Tumor Recurrence After Transplant score, there was no longer a statistically significant association (subhazard ratio 0.77; 95% confidence interval, 0.59-1.00; P = 0.054).

Conclusions.
We observed a significant reduction in post-LT HCC recurrence after policy implementation. This may be due to waitlist selection of healthier patients, increased LRT utilization, and potential selection of favorable tumor biology.
Evolution of the polycrisis: Anthropocene traps that challenge global sustainability
Authors: Søgaard Jørgensen Peter , Jansen Raf E. V. , Avila Ortega Daniel I. , Wang-Erlandsson Lan , Donges Jonathan F. , Österblom Henrik , Olsson Per , Nyström Magnus , Lade Steven J. , Hahn Thomas , Folke Carl , Peterson Garry D. , Crépin Anne-Sophie 
Published: November 2023

The Anthropocene is characterized by accelerating change and global challenges of increasing complexity. Inspired by what some have called a polycrisis, we explore whether the human trajectory of increasing complexity and influence on the Earth system could become a form of trap for humanity. Based on an adaptation of the evolutionary traps concept to a global human context, we present results from a participatory mapping. We identify 14 traps and categorize them as either global, technology or structural traps. An assessment reveals that 12 traps (86%) could be in an advanced phase of trapping with high risk of hard-to-reverse lock-ins and growing risks of negative impacts on human well-being. Ten traps (71%) currently see growing trends in their indicators. Revealing the systemic nature of the polycrisis, we assess that Anthropocene traps often interact reinforcingly (45% of pairwise interactions), and rarely in a dampening fashion (3%). We end by discussing capacities that will be important for navigating these systemic challenges in pursuit of global sustainability. Doing so, we introduce evolvability as a unifying concept for such research between the sustainability and evolutionary sciences.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Evolution and sustainability: gathering the strands for an Anthropocene synthesis’.
Green preferences sustain greenwashing: challenges in the cultural transition to a sustainable future
Authors: von Flüe Lukas , Efferson Charles , Vogt Sonja 
Published: November 2023

Discussions of the environmental impact that revolve around monetary incentives and other easy-to-measure factors are important, but they neglect culture. Pro-environmental values will be crucial when facing sustainability challenges in the Anthropocene, and demand among green consumers is arguably critical to incentivise sustainable production. However, owing to asymmetric information, consumers might not know whether the premium they pay for green production is well-spent. Reliable monitoring of manufacturers is meant to solve this problem. To see how this might work, we develop and analyse a game theoretic model of a simple buyer–seller exchange with asymmetric information, and our analysis shows that greenwashing can exist exactly because reliable monitoring co-exists with unreliable monitoring. More broadly, promoting pro-environmental values among consumers might even amplify the problem at times because a manufacturer with significant market power can exploit both consumer preferences for sustainability and trustworthy monitoring to gouge prices and in extreme cases green wash in plain sight. We discuss several strategies to address this problem. Promoting accurate beliefs and a large-scale behavioural change based on pro-environmental values might be necessary for a rapid transition to a sustainable future, but recent evidence from the cultural evolution literature highlights many important challenges.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Evolution and sustainability: gathering the strands for an Anthropocene synthesis’.
CLAIR: An integrated lipid database across multiple crop species
Authors: He Bing , Bu Mengjia , Lin Qiang , Fu Zhengwei , Xie Junhua , Fan Wei , Li Jianyang , Li Ruonan , Hua Wei , Liu Wanfei , Cui Peng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOilseed crops, which are rich in plant lipids, provide essential fatty acids for human consumption and serve as major sources of biofuels and essential raw materials for the chemical industry. As a result of population growth and ecological changes, the demand for vegetable oil is increasingly outpacing supply. A comprehensive understanding of the genes involved in lipid metabolism in oilseed crops and the regulatory relationships among these genes is essential for improving oil content. However, current studies on lipid metabolism genes rely heavily on a decade-old database of genes involved in lipid metabolism inArabidopsis thaliana. To address this issue, we mined the literature, integrated data from various databases and studies, and aligned homologs of lipid metabolism genes from nine oilseed crops to construct a comprehensive set of lipid metabolism genes in plants. Using this approach, we identified 221 additional lipid metabolism genes. In addition, we created a user-friendly lipid database called CLAIR (Crop Lipid-Associated Information Resource) by integrating and mining multi-omics data from nine major oil crops. The database is available athttp://www.clipair.cn/. These resources should facilitate further research and exploration of lipid metabolism in oil crops, ultimately contributing to improved oil production.
COL: a pipeline for identifying putatively functional back-splicing
Authors: Li Zheng , Sarker Bandhan , Zhao Fengyu , Zhou Tianjiao , Zhang Jianzhi , Xu Chuan 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTCircular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of generally non-coding RNAs produced by back- splicing. Although the vast majority of circRNAs are likely to be products of splicing error and thereby confer no benefits to organisms, a small number of circRNAs have been found to be functional. Identifying other functional circRNAs from the sea of mostly non-functional circRNAs is an important but difficult task. Because available experimental methods for this purpose are of low throughput or versality and existing computational methods have limited reliability or applicability, new methods are needed. We hypothesize that functional back- splicing events that generate functional circRNAs (i) exhibit substantially higher back-splicing rates than expected from the total splicing amounts, (ii) have conserved splicing motifs, and (iii) show unusually high back-splicing levels. We confirm these features in back-splicing shared among human, macaque, and mouse, which should enrich functional back-splicing. Integrating the three features, we design a computational pipeline named COL for identifying putatively functional back-splicing. Different from the methods that require multiple samples, COL can predict functional back-splicing using a single sample. Under the same data requirement, COL has a lower false positive rate than that of the commonly used method that is based on the back- splicing level alone. We conclude that COL is an efficient and versatile method for rapid identification of putatively functional back-splicing and circRNAs that can be experimentally validated. COL is available athttps://github.com/XuLabSJTU/COL.
Two wildSpinaciaspecies,S. turkestanicaandS. tetrandra, genomes reveal a sex chromosome turnover in the genus
Authors: She Hongbing , Liu Zhiyuan , Xu Zhaosheng , Zhang Helong , Wu Jian , Wang Xiaowu , Cheng Feng , Charlesworth Deborah , Qian Wei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSpinach (Spinacia oleracea) is a dioecious species (with male and female flowers on separate individuals). Spinach and its closest wild relative,S. turkestanica, has homomorphic sex chromosomes, but the more distant relativeS. tetrandrahas heteromorphic sex chromosomes. We report high-quality genome assemblies forS. turkestanicaandS. tetrandra. These diverged approximately 6.3 million years ago (Mya), whileS. turkestanicasplit fromS. oleraceamuch more recently, around 0.8 Mya, supporting previous suggestions thatS. turkestanicais the direct progenitor of cultivated spinach. Using a combination of genomic approaches, we identified a sex-linked region (SLR) of ∼133 Mb inS. tetrandra. In all three species, the SLRs are within a large pericentromeric region of chromosome 4. We describe evidence that, inS. tetrandra, this region has completely stopped recombining in male meiosis, creating a large Y-linked region (YLR) that has partially degenerated; loss of recombination appears to have evolved in two events that created two “evolutionary strata”, one of which and is highly rearranged, relative to the X. The SLRs ofS. turkestanicaandS. oleraceaare much smaller: both include only a 10 Mb Y-specific region which is not detected inS. tetrandra. This was duplicated into a 14 Mb inverted region, and is termed the Y-duplicated region, or “YDR”. These findings suggest that a turnover event created the YDR before these species diverged, replacing an extensive ancestral Y-linked region like theS. tetrandraYLR.
Multi-modal breath measurements for biomarker discovery
Authors: Tomezsko Phillip J. , Wynn Jordan , Ostrinskaya Alla , Hendricks Jessie , Vian Trina 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBreath contains numerous classes of compounds and biomolecules that could potentially be used as biomarkers for infectious disease as well as a range of other respiratory conditions or states. A testbed for simultaneous, multi-modal measurements was developed. Seventeen healthy subjects provided breath samples at baseline repiratory rate for particle size, lipid composition and bacterial nucleic acid composition analysis. The majority of the particles the participants exhaled at baseline were smaller than 5 μm, consistent with previous literature. The exhaled breath particulate contained lipids found in lung surfactant, indicating origin in the lung. Although bacterial DNA was not significantly higher in the exhaled breath particulate than in the environmental background, the metagenome of the breath was distinct from the environment, oral cavity and nasal passages of the participants. The low abundance of the breath microbiome limited analysis. The multi-modal breath testbed has promise for discovery of breath biomarkers and as a reference for biomarkers of different classes that are currently being used.
Diagnosis in Bytes: Comparing the Diagnostic Accuracy of Google and ChatGPT 3.5 as Diagnostic Support Tools
Authors: Guimaraes Guilherme R , Silva Caroline Santos , Contreras Jean Carlos Z , Figueiredo Ricardo G ,   Uros - Grupo de Pesquisa, Tiraboschi Ricardo B , Gomes Cristiano M , de Bessa Jose 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTObjectiveAdopting digital technologies as diagnostic support tools in medicine is unquestionable. However, the accuracy in suggesting diagnoses remains controversial and underexplored. We aimed to evaluate and compare the diagnostic accuracy of two primary and accessible internet search tools: Google and ChatGPT 3.5.MethodWe used 60 clinical cases related to urological pathologies to evaluate both platforms. These cases were divided into two groups: one with common conditions (constructed from the most frequent symptoms, following EAU and UpToDate guidelines) and another with rare disorders - based on case reports published between 2022 and 2023 in Urology Case Reports. Each case was inputted into Google Search and ChatGPT 3.5, and the results were categorized as "correct diagnosis," "likely differential diagnosis," or "incorrect diagnosis." A team of researchers evaluated the responses blindly and randomly.ResultsIn typical cases, Google achieved 53.3% accuracy, offering a likely differential diagnosis in 23.3% and errors in the rest. ChatGPT 3.5 exhibited superior performance, with 86.6% accuracy, and suggested a reasonable differential diagnosis in 13.3%, without mistakes. In rare cases, Google did not provide correct diagnoses but offered a likely differential diagnosis in 20%. ChatGPT 3.5 achieved 16.6% accuracy, with 50% differential diagnoses.ConclusionChatGPT 3.5 demonstrated higher diagnostic accuracy than Google in both contexts. The platform showed acceptable accuracy in common cases; however, limitations in rare cases remained evident.
Dopamine neurons encode a multidimensional probabilistic map of future reward
Authors: Sousa Margarida , Bujalski Pawel , Cruz Bruno F. , Louie Kenway , McNamee Daniel , Paton Joseph J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLearning to predict rewards is a fundamental driver of adaptive behavior. Midbrain dopamine neurons (DANs) play a key role in such learning by signaling reward prediction errors (RPEs) that teach recipient circuits about expected rewards given current circumstances and actions. However, the algorithm that DANs are thought to provide a substrate for, temporal difference (TD) reinforcement learning (RL), learns the mean of temporally discounted expected future rewards, discarding useful information concerning experienced distributions of reward amounts and delays. Here we present time-magnitude RL (TMRL), a multidimensional variant of distributional reinforcement learning that learns the joint distribution of future rewards over time and magnitude using an efficient code that adapts to environmental statistics. In addition, we discovered signatures of TMRL-like computations in the activity of optogenetically identified DANs in mice during a classical conditioning task. Specifically, we found significant diversity in both temporal discounting and tuning for the magnitude of rewards across DANs, features that allow the computation of a two dimensional, probabilistic map of future rewards from just 450ms of neural activity recorded from a population of DANs in response to a reward-predictive cue. In addition, reward time predictions derived from this population code correlated with the timing of anticipatory behavior, suggesting the information is used to guide decisions regarding when to act. Finally, by simulating behavior in a foraging environment, we highlight benefits of access to a joint probability distribution of reward over time and magnitude in the face of dynamic reward landscapes and internal physiological need states. These findings demonstrate surprisingly rich probabilistic reward information that is learned and communicated to DANs, and suggest a simple, local-in-time extension of TD learning algorithms that explains how such information may be acquired and computed.
Navigating the Nexus of Food Insecurity, Anxiety, and Depression in the Face of Climate Change: A Longitudinal Study in Rural Kenya
Authors: Goodman Michael , Raimer-Goodman Lauren , McPherson Heidi , Sharma Shreela , Ramphul Ryan , Woldu Dawit , Mukiri Fridah 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the temporal relationships between food insecurity, anxiety, and depression among adult participants in a community-based empowerment program in Meru County, Kenya.MethodsA cross-lagged panel analysis was conducted using data from 362 adult participants in a community-based empowerment program in Meru County, Kenya. Participants completed self-report measures of food insecurity, anxiety, and depression at two-time points, 11 weeks apart.ResultsFood insecurity (T1) predicted subsequent anxiety and depression (T2), controlling for within-variable, within-time, and control-variable correlations. Village-level food insecurity (T1) was correlated with significantly higher anxiety (T2). Additionally, anxiety (T1) predicted higher subsequent food insecurity (T2).ConclusionFood insecurity and anxiety have a complex bidirectional relationship. Interventions that address food security, mental health, and the psychosocial factors that promote adaptation to food-insecure environments are essential for promoting the well-being of individuals and communities in the face of climate change.
“If only these conversations had happened in induction.” Influencing employee aspiration with action learning-led inductions in the Big Four
Authors: Callaghan Deborah , Collins Helen 
Published: November 2023

PurposeThis paper explores employee experiences of induction in the Big Four accountancy firms to understand how induction influences new recruits' career aspirations.Design/methodology/approachUsing Bourdieusian sociology, this article adopts an interpretivist multi-method approach through focus groups and semi-structured interviews with 28 newly appointed accounting professionals. The study defines newly appointed as those who have experienced induction within the last two years of their employment.FindingsThe study's findings challenge the authenticity of induction from a shared employee consensus. It cites contagious spin, regarding career progression opportunities espoused during induction, at odds with the reality of work, ultimately contributing towards unfulfilled employee aspiration. As current strategies suggest that the intersection between employee aspiration and employer provision in the accountancy profession, is too broad, this study argues for more collaborative inductions. In addition, it proposes that accountancy firms should re-evaluate their current strategies and co-construct more authentic inductions that benefit all stakeholders to develop a stronger psychological contract that positively influences employee aspiration.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper posits action-learning as a solution to address employee aspiration in induction campaigns in the accountancy profession.Practical implicationsAs aspiration is the genesis of motivation and engagement, this study’s findings suggest that the use of an action-learning ethos in induction activities may provide an opportunity to explore the complexities of employee socialisation and provide a voice to new recruits attempting to influence any tensions or disappointment that may arise, as unmet career aspirations emerge.Originality/valueThe paper posits action learning as a solution to address employee aspiration in induction campaigns in the accountancy profession.
Impacts of parents' and guardians' trust in confessional schools on students’ perceived performance and spirituality
Authors: d'Angelo Marcia Juliana , Café Marisa Veloso , Rocha Raysa Geaquinto 
Published: November 2023

PurposeThis study analyzes the impacts of trust in the confessional institution of primary education on a students’ spirituality and performance and the moderating effect of the families' religion on the relationship between trust in the school and the student's spirituality as perceived by parents and guardians.Design/methodology/approachThis study takes the form of a survey with 346 parents and guardians from a Brazilian Adventist education network. The authors used partial least squares structural equation modeling by SmarPLS 4 to analyze the data.FindingsThe results reveal that parents' and guardians' trust in the confessional institution of primary education positively influences their perception of students' spirituality, which, in turn, has a positive impact on their performance. In addition, the families’ religion does not strengthen the relationship between school trust and students’ spirituality. It does not matter to which religious group the family belongs – as their overall spiritual development that favors the students’ academic performance.Originality/valueThe research contributes to the literature on school management, individual spirituality and relationship marketing – particularly customer relationship management in schools, involving parents, guardians and students.
SMEs' regional diversification: dynamic patterns and home market institutional determinants
Authors: Bai Wensong , Hilmersson Mikael , Johanson Martin , Oliveira Luis 
Published: November 2023

PurposeThe authors seek to advance the understanding of small- and medium-sized enterprise (SME) internationalization at the regional level and examine the role of home market institutions in this process.Design/methodology/approachThe authors analyze hypotheses with data from SMEs in five country markets and from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. A cluster analysis establishes the regional diversification patterns (based on regional diversification scope, speed and rhythm) and a multinomial regression tests the effect of home market institutions on their adoption.FindingsThe results offer a refined picture of SME regional diversification by revealing three patterns: intra-regionally focused firms, late inter-region diversifiers and early inter-region diversifiers. They also suggest that the adoption of these patterns is determined by SMEs' home market institutions.Originality/valueThe authors develop a nuanced understanding of SME internationalization by building upon and expanding the regionalization rationale in the internationalization patterns literature. Additionally, the authors address the acknowledged, yet rarely investigated, country-level determinants of internationalization patterns.