bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accelerated synthesis of poly(methyl methacrylate)‐b‐poly(vinyl chloride)‐b‐poly(methyl methacrylate) block copolymers by the CuCl/tris(2‐dimethylaminoethyl)amine‐catalyzed living radical block copolymerization of methyl methacrylate initiated with α,ω‐di(iodo)poly(vinyl chloride) in dimethyl sulfoxide at 90 °C
Authors: Percec Virgil , Guliashvili Tamaz , Popov Anatoliy V. , Ramirez‐Castillo Ernesto , Coelho Jorge F. J. , Hinojosa‐Falcon Luis A. 
Published: March 2005

Abstractα,ω‐Di(iodo)poly(vinyl chloride)s [α,ω‐di(iodo)PVCs] with number‐average molecular weights ranging from 2100 to 20,000 and weight‐average molecular weight/number‐average molecular weight ratios ranging from 1.72 to 2.16 were synthesized through the single‐electron‐transfer/degenerative‐chain‐transfer mediated living radical polymerization of vinyl chloride initiated with iodoform and catalyzed by sodium dithionite in water at 25–35 °C. These α,ω‐di(iodo)PVCs were used as macroinitiators for the metal‐catalyzed living radical block copolymerization of methyl methacrylate to produce poly(methyl methacrylate)‐b‐poly(vinyl chloride)‐b‐poly(methyl methacrylate) block copolymers. By searching various copper derivatives, ligands, and solvents, it has been found that CuCl/tris(2‐dimethylaminoethyl)amine in dimethyl sulfoxide at 90 °C provides an accelerated method for the synthesis of block copolymers. Poly(methyl methacrylate)‐b‐poly(vinyl chloride)‐b‐poly(methyl methacrylate) block copolymers with number‐average molecular weights of 41,000–106,700 were produced by this method in 30–80 min. These reaction times were within the range of induction times exhibited when the same block copolymers were synthesized with CuCl/2,2′‐bipyridine in diphenyl ether at 90 °C. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 1649–1659, 2005
Copolymerization of ethylene and cyclopentene with bis(β‐enaminoketonato) titanium complexes
Authors: Tang Li‐Ming , Duan Yi‐Qun , Pan Li , Li Yue‐Sheng 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe copolymerizations of ethylene and cyclopentene with bis(β‐enaminoketonato) titanium complexes {[(Ph)NC(R2)CHC(R1)O]2TiCl2; R1 = CF3 and R2 = CH3 for 1a, R1 = Ph and R2 = CF3 for 1b; and R1 = t‐Bu and R2 = CF3 for 1c} activated with modified methylaluminoxane (MMAO) as a cocatalyst were investigated. High‐molecular‐weight copolymers with cis‐1,2‐cyclopentene units were obtained. The catalyst activity, cyclopentene incorporation, polymer molecular weight, and polydispersity could be controlled over a wide range through the variation of the catalyst structure and reaction parameters, such as the Al/Ti molar ratio, cyclopentene feed concentration, and polymerization reaction temperature. The complex 1b/MMAO catalyst system exhibited the characteristics of a quasi‐living ethylene polymerization and an ethylene–cyclopentene copolymerization and allowed the synthesis of polyethylene‐block‐poly(ethylene‐co‐cyclopentene) diblock copolymer. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 1681–1689, 2005
Novel network morphology of poly(p‐oxybenzoyl)
Authors: Kimura Kunio , Kohama Shin‐ichiro , Kondoh Satomi , Uchida Tetsuya , Yamashita Yuhiko , Oohazama Takeshi , Sakaguchi Yoshimitsu 
Published: March 2005

AbstractPolymerization of 4‐acetoxybenzoic acid (ABA) with 3,5‐diacetoxybenzoic acid (DABA) was examined to control the morphology of poly(p‐oxybenzoyl) (POB). Polymerizations were carried out at a concentration of 1.0% in an aromatic solvent Therm S‐1000® (mixture of dibenzyltoluene) at 320 °C. Polymerization of ABA yielded the POB fibrillar crystals, but the polymerization with DABA at a concentration in the feed (χf) of 0.10–0.15 afforded novel network structures comprised of spheres connected by fibrillar crystals. The diameter of the spheres prepared at χf of 0.15, which were 0.7 and 5.0 μm, showed bimodality. The network distance, fibril length, and fibril width were 6.1, 2.6, and 0.1 μm, respectively. They possessed high crystallinity. The network structure was formed as follows. Co‐oligomers were first precipitated in the beginning of the polymerization by liquid–liquid phase separation to form the microdroplets. The fibrillar crystals were formed in the coalesced spheres by the crystallization of oligomers induced by the increase of molecular weight. The fibrillar crystals connecting the spheres gradually appeared owing to the shrinkage of the spheres. The fibrillar crystals grew from the surface of the spheres with the crystallization of homo‐oligomers of 4‐oxybenzoyl units, and finally the network structure was completed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 1624–1634, 2005
Enhancement of localization and confinement effects in quaternary group‐III nitride multi‐quantum wells on SiC substrate
Authors: Anceau S. , Lefebvre P. , Suski T. , Konczewicz L. , Hirayama H. , Aoyagi Y. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe competition between radiative and nonradiative recombination of electron‐hole pairs in (Al,In,Ga)N/(Al,In,Ga)N quantum wells of two different compositions and various well widths was investigated in order to understand the microscopic mechanisms of the highly intense light emission from this type of structures. By using time‐resolved photoluminescence, we have verified that one can adjust the compositions of the quaternaries so as to optimize the confinement effects and to minimize the built‐in electric field which is present in such hexagonal group‐III nitride based QWs. The role of local potential fluctuations in the quaternary alloy on the localization of carriers was studied and analyzed by measuring the photoluminescence energy, intensity and dynamics versus temperature. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Processing of novel SiC and group III‐nitride based micro‐ and nanomechanical devices
Authors: Foerster Ch. , Cimalla V. , Brueckner K. , Lebedev V. , Stephan R. , Hein M. , Ambacher O. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractMicro‐ and nanoelectromechanical systems are being designed and intensively investigated for their use in various sensor applications. In this issue's Editor's Choice [1] micromechanical resonator beams with high fundamental frequencies were realized. The cover picture shows a scanning electron microscopy image of a 3C–SiC beam with middle electrode for capacitive read‐out as well as a finite element method simulation of the maximum oscillation amplitude.The first author, Christian Förster, works on the epitaxial growth of hetero‐ and nanostructures based on wide band gap semiconductors and the processing of electronic and sensor devices in the Center for Micro‐ and Nanotechnologies of the Technical University Ilmenau, Germany.The present issue of physica status solidi (a) contains Original Papers presented at the 7th International Workshop on Expert Evaluation & Control of Compound Semiconductor Materials & Technologies held in Montpellier, France, 1–4 June 2004. Further papers from EXMATEC 2004 are published in physica status solidi (c) 2, No. 4 (2005). (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
From ferromagnetism to spin glass magnetic structure: Mössbauer study of the ordered Fe0.75–xAl0.25+x alloys (x = 0, 0.025, and 0.05)
Authors: Delyagin N. N. , Erzinkyan A. L. , Parfenova V. P. , Rozantsev I. N. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractShort‐range order, due to the strong interatomic Al–Fe interaction, is the key factor governing the unexpected quick change of the magnetic properties of Fe0.75–xAl0.25+x alloys over a narrow range of Al concentration, x = 0.0–0.05. The sharp transition from ferromagnetism to spin‐glass magnetic structure is the result of the generation of a high (non‐statistical) concentration of Fe sites with a large number of Al nearest‐neighbors. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Embedding with a Lipschitz function
Authors: Mendelson Shahar 
Published: March 2005

AbstractWe investigate a new notion of embedding of subsets of {−1,1}n in a given normed space, in a way which preserves the structure of the given set as a class of functions on {1, …, n}. This notion is an extension of the margin parameter often used in Nonparametric Statistics. Our main result is that even when considering “small” subsets of {−1, 1}n, the vast majority of such sets do not embed in a better way than the entire cube in any normed space that satisfies a minor structural assumption. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2005
Survey propagation: An algorithm for satisfiability
Authors: Braunstein A. , Mézard M. , Zecchina R. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractWe study the satisfiability of randomly generated formulas formed byMclauses of exactlyKliterals overNBoolean variables. For a given value ofNthe problem is known to be most difficult when α =M/Nis close to the experimental threshold αcseparating the region where almost all formulas are SAT from the region where all formulas are UNSAT. Recent results from a statistical physics analysis suggest that the difficulty is related to the existence of a clustering phenomenon of the solutions when α is close to (but smaller than) αc. We introduce a new type of message passing algorithm which allows to find efficiently a satisfying assignment of the variables in this difficult region. This algorithm is iterative and composed of two main parts. The first is a message‐passing procedure which generalizes the usual methods like Sum‐Product or Belief Propagation: It passes messages that may be thought of as surveys over clusters of the ordinary messages. The second part uses the detailed probabilistic information obtained from the surveys in order to fix variables and simplify the problem. Eventually, the simplified problem that remains is solved by a conventional heuristic. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2005
Exploring the relationship of emotional intelligence with physical and psychological health functioning
Authors: Tsaousis Ioannis , Nikolaou Ioannis 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis study investigates the relationship of emotional intelligence (EI) characteristics, such as perception, control, use and understanding of emotions, with physical and psychological health. In the first study, 365 individuals filled in measures of EI and general health. It was hypothesized that EI would be negatively associated with poor general health. In the second study, 212 working adults completed the same measure of EI and another measure, which apart from the standard information regarding physical and psychological health, provided also information about other health related behaviours, such as smoking, drinking, and exercising. It was also hypothesized that EI would negatively correlate with smoking and drinking and positively correlate with exercising. The findings confirmed both hypotheses and provided further support on the claims that there is a relationship between EI and health functioning. Additionally, in a series of hierarchical regression analyses the unique contribution of each of the EI scales on the overall health score were investigated. The findings are discussed in the context of the importance of emotional competences on health and personal lifestyle, while implications for practice and directions for future research are proposed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neutral phenotypes as network keystone species
Authors: Ikegami Takashi 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe concept of network keystone species is proposed. A set of phenotypes constitute a network that acts as a functional keystone. When an ecosystem forms a large, complex network that changes temporally, it is generally difficult to tell which will become a keystone species. Based on simulations of abstract ecosystems, phenotypes were classified to show that neutral phenotypes, or slowly reproducing phenotypes, are candidates for keystone species. I show that the removal of neutral phenotypes breaks up an attractor state and produces significant impacts on the stability of an attractor, in spite of small population size. The effect of partial removal of neutral phenotypes, and the combinatorial effects of keystone species, are reported in detail.
Reducing neonatal mortality rate with nurse‐midwives
Authors: LEVY BARRY S. , WILKINSON FREDERICK S. , MARINE WILLIAM M. 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACTNewborn health indices were measured before, during, and after a demonstration nurse‐midwife program introduced to relieve a health manpower shortage at a county hospital in rural California. During the program, prenatal care increased, and prematurity and neonatal mortality rate decreased at the county hospital. After the 3 year program, prenatal care decreased while prematurity rose from 6.6 to 9.8 per cent (p < 0.02) and neonatal mortality rate rose from 10.3 to 32.1 per 1,000 live births (p < 0.005). No significant changes occurred in the same indices for births elsewhere in the county throughout the period of study. It is concluded that the discontinuation of the nurse‐midwives'services was the major factor in these changes, and it is suggested that nurse‐midwives be used more extensively.
Vestibular fold flap for post‐cordectomy laryngeal reconstruction
Authors: Mamede Rui Celso Martins , Ricz Hilton Marcos Alves , Aguiar‐Ricz Lílian Neto , De Mello‐Filho Francisco Veríssimo 
Published: March 2005

OBJECTIVESThe development of techniques causing fewer sequelae without compromising oncologic control has led to better phonation, breathing, and postoperative swallowing in patients submitted to cordectomy. The objective of the present study was to describe post‐cordectomy laryngeal reconstruction with a vestibular fold flap and to analyze the resulting laryngeal functions.STUDY DESIGNProspective study.METHODSTen patients, 9 males and 1 female, aged 45 to 75 years (mean, 64.5 years), were evaluated. The patients had squamous cell carcinomas in the glottic region and were treated surgically by laryngofissure and cordectomy with the use of a vestibular fold flap for laryngeal reconstruction. The patients were followed up for functional laryngeal analysis that consisted of videolaryngostrobos‐copy, endoscopic evaluation of swallowing, and voice recording for perceptive auditory analysis, and for computing purposes.RESULTSNo patients depended on tracheostomy during the late postoperative period. No stenosis, anterior synechia, granuloma, or laryngocele were detected, although 1 patient developed immobility in the median position of the operated hemilarynx, which, however, was not sufficient to impair the respiratory function. No alterations in the pharyngeal phase of swallowing were observed by endoscopic evaluation. Using the GRBAS scale, we observed moderate (30%) and severe (20%) dysphonia in 50% of the patients and grade 1 dysphonia (40%) or normal (10%) dysphonia in the remaining ones. Computing analysis revealed the following mean values: fundamental frequency of 177.5 Hz, jitter 1.11%, and shimmer 7.04%.CONCLUSIONSWe conclude that reconstruction with a vestibular fold flap permitted the maintenance of the laryngeal functions of breathing and airway protection during swallowing, as well as the maintenance of phonation function, providing perfect voice emission according to perceptive auditory or acoustic analysis in 1 patient and moderate or severe dysphonia in one half of the cases when technical faults occurred.
A systematic review of the diagnosis and treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism from 1995 to 2003
Authors: Ruda James M. , Hollenbeak Christopher S. , Stack Brendan C. 
Published: March 2005

OBJECTIVETo systematically review the current preoperative diagnostic modalities, surgical treatments, and glandular pathologies associated with primary hyperparathyroidism.STUDY DESIGNA systematic literature review.RESULTSOf the 20,225 cases of primary hyperpara‐thyroidism reported, solitary adenomas (SA), multiple gland hyperplasia disease (MGHD), double adenomas (DA), and parathyroid carcinomas (CAR) occurred in 88.90%, 5.74%, 4.14%, and 0.74% of cases respectively. Tc99m‐sestamibi and ultrasound were 88.44% and 78.55% sensitive, respectively, for SA, 44.46% and 34.86% for MGHD, and 29.95% and 16.20% for DA, respectively. Postoperative normocalcemia was achieved in 96.66%, 95.25%, and 97.69% of patients offered minimally invasive radio‐guided parathyroidectomy (MIRP), unilateral, and bilateral neck exploration (BNE). Intraoperative PTH assays (IOPTH) were helpful in approximately 60% of bilateral neck exploration conversion (BNEC) surgeries.CONCLUSIONThe overall prevalence of multiple gland disease (MGD and DA) was lower than often suggested by conventional wisdom. Furthermore, preoperative imaging was less accurate than it is often perceived for accurately imaging MGD. MIRP and UNE were more successful in achieving normo‐calcemia than is typically quoted. IOPTH was a helpful but not “fool‐proof” adjunct in parathyroid exploration surgery.SIGNIFICANCEThese results support a greater role for the treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism using less invasive approaches. EMB rating: B‐3.
A novel laryngoscope instrument stabilizer for operative microlaryngoscopy
Authors: Armstrong William B. , Karamzadeh Amir M. , Crumley Roger L. , Kelley Timothy F. , Jackson Ryan P. , Wong Brian J. F. 
Published: March 2005

OBJECTIVETo evaluate and optimize the design of a removable and inexpensive internal stabilization device to reduce the effect of intention tremor during laryngeal microsurgery.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGIn this laboratory investigation, stabilizers were designed and constructed to allow a nonobstructing view of the surgical field, permit simple insertion and removal, and accommodate microsurgical instruments. Prototype stabilizers were tested by using a Dedo laryngoscope, a measurement grid, and video recording equipment, which recorded instrument tremor within the magnified operative field for later analysis. Physicians also rated instrument stability, mobility, visualization, and ease of use on a survey form.RESULTSInstrument tremor was reduced approximately 90%, with little obstruction of view of the surgical field. Instrument range of motion was reduced but improved rapidly as the stabilizer bar was moved further from the tip of the laryngoscope.CONCLUSIONSUse of a stabilization device in the laryngoscope lumen reduces instrument tremor and has the potential to improve surgical performance during laryngeal microsurgery. EBM rating: B‐3.
Our Experience with Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery Focusing on Corpus Callosotomy and Hemispherotomy
Authors: Shimizu Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2005

Summary:  Purpose: In pediatric patients with intractable epilepsy, surgical intervention should be considered in terms of seizure control and prevention of neuronal deterioration. We present our experience with pediatric epilepsy surgery, focusing on corpus callosotomy and hemispherotomy. Methods: A total of 257 pediatric patients underwent epilepsy surgeries during the last decade in our clinic. The two most common surgical procedures were corpus callosotomy and hemispherotomy. The surgical outcomes of the patients undergoing these operations were analyzed with regard to seizure outcomes and surgical complications. Results: Corpus callosotomy proved to be extremely effective in controlling drop attacks, especially when the callosum was totally sectioned. Postoperative improvement of psychomotor function also was noticeable in >70% of the cases. In patients who underwent hemispherotomy, the etiology of unilateral hemispheric lesions was closely related to surgical results, with cases of hemimegalencephaly having the worst seizure outcome and most frequent surgical complications. Incomplete section of the callosum, one of the most important causes of residual seizures, was found in three cases. Conclusions: In pediatric epilepsy surgery, corpus callosotomy is very effective in abolishing drop attacks and improving postoperative psychomotor function. For hemispherotomy, cases of hemimegalencephaly had the worst seizure control and surgical complications. Incomplete section of the corpus callosum should be carefully evaluated as a cause of surgical failure.
Identification of the immunodominant regions of the Em18 antigen and improved serodiagnostic specificity for alveolar echinococcosis
Authors: Jiang L. , Xu X.‐N. , Li X. , Xue H.‐C. , Feng Z. 
Published: March 2005

SUMMARY The aim of this work was to identify the immunodominant regions of the Em18 antigen to improve the specificity in diagnosis of alveolar echinococcosis (AE). Two recombinant antigens ReEm18‐1 and ReEm18‐2, which have the same sequence except that nine amino acid residues are absent in ReEm18‐2, were tested by ELISA and Western Blot (WB) for their diagnostic efficiency. Serological evaluation of the two antigens demonstrated that the sensitivity of both antigens was 95·5% in ELISA and WB, and the specificity was 93·6% and 95·7% in ELISA, and 81·4% and 82·9% in WB, respectively. Five more expression clones (EmS1–EmS5), which contain different regions of the Em18 sequence, were constructed for defining the immunodominant regions of the antigen. Fourteen monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against ReEm18‐2 antigen and the sera from different groups of patients were used to identify the epitope regions of the five antigen fragments. Results showed that the epitopes recognized by the mAbs are located in the N‐terminal third of the sequence, but the immunodominant area recognized by native serum antibodies may be located further downstream (C‐terminal) in the sequence. The nonspecific cross‐reactivity is due to epitopes present in the C‐terminal third of the sequence. The antigen fragments that contain the first two‐thirds of the sequence have the same sensitivity to AE sera as those of the ReEm18‐1 and ReEm18‐2 antigens, but removal of the C‐terminal third of the sequence improved the specificity of the assay from 93·6% to 99·3% (ELISA) and 81·4% to 90·7% (WB). We conclude that the necessary part of the ReEm18 antigen sequence for AE diagnosis is the N‐terminal half to two‐thirds of the entire sequence.
Echinococcus multilocularis metacestode extract triggers human basophils to release interleukin‐4
Authors: Aumüller E. , Schramm G. , Gronow A. , Brehm K. , Gibbs B. F. , Doenhoff M. J. , Haas H. 
Published: March 2005

SUMMARY Infections with parasitic helminths are associated with a T helper 2 (Th2) immune response and IgE production. The underlying mechanism, however, is only partially understood. Recently we have isolated a protein from extracts of Schistosoma mansoni eggs that triggers human basophils from non‐sensitized donors to release interleukin‐4 (IL‐4), the key cytokine of a Th2 response. We called this protein IPSE (for IL‐4‐inducing principle from Schistosoma mansoni eggs). Supposing that IPSE‐like IL‐4‐inducing activities might be a general principle shared among different helminth species, we investigated extracts from the cestode E. multilocularis for its effect on human basophils. Our results showed that extracts from metacestodes of E. multilocularis cause basophil degranulation, as well as the secretion of histamine, IL‐4 and IL‐13, in a dose‐dependent manner. IgE stripping and resensitization of basophils indicated that the mechanism of IL‐4 induction requires the presence of IgE on the cells. Since analogous properties have been demonstrated earlier for IPSE, we think that S. mansoni and E. multilocularis may induce a Th2 response in their hosts via a related mechanism, namely, by the induction of IL‐4 release from basophils.