bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amniotic membrane transplantation elicits goblet cell repopulation after conjunctival reconstruction in a case of severe ocular cicatricial pemphigoid
Authors: Barabino Stefano , Rolando Maurizio 
Published: December 2004

Abstract.Purpose:  The surgical procedures used until now to rebuild the conjunctiva in patients affected by ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (OCP) have not demonstrated appreciable anatomical and functional success. This study reports the postoperative clinical and cytological outcomes of a human amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) to rebuild the conjunctiva in a case of late stage OCP.Methods:  We present a 75‐year‐old woman with a severe form of pemphigoid with entropion, trichiasis, symblepharon and blunting of the fornices, who underwent excision of the scarred and inflamed tissue covering the ocular surface and AMT.Results:  Our data show an improvement of the ocular surface condition, with reacquired fornix depth, reduced inflammation and presence of goblet cells at each follow‐up.Conclusion:  Amniotic membrane transplantation was successful as a first step procedure to reduce inflammation and to rebuild a physiological conjunctival epithelium in late stage OCP.
D3 dopamine receptor mRNA expression in lymphocytes: a peripheral marker for schizophrenia?
Authors: van der Weide J. , W. Steijns L. S. , van der Geld M. A. M. , de Groot P. A. 
Published: December 2004

Background:Identification of schizophrenia, a common neuropsychiatric disorder, is based on clinical examination. An easily measurable peripheral marker, which may enable a more rapid and more accurate diagnosis, is not available. A possible candidate is the D3 dopamine receptor on lymphocytes.Objective:The D3 receptor is investigated for its clinical significance as a marker for diagnosing schizophrenia.Methods:From eight schizophrenic patients and eight controls lymphocyte RNA was isolated. A semiquantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was carried out and the intensities of the specific D3 dopamine receptor bands of patients and controls were compared.Results:No difference could be seen between the intensities of the bands from patients and controls.Conclusion:An aberrant D3 dopamine receptor mRNA expression in lymphocytes of schizophrenics could not be demonstrated. This might be caused by down-regulation of D3 receptor production by antipsychotic drug treatment. At present, the D3 receptor seems to have no diagnostic value in schizophrenia.
Hypothalamic digoxin and brain function
Authors: Kurup R. K. , Kurup P. A. 
Published: December 2004

Background and objectives:The study assessed the biochemical differences between right hemispheric-dominant and left hemispheric-dominant individuals. The chemical hemispheric-dominance in various systemic and neuropsychiatric diseases was also studied.Methods:The isoprenoid metabolites, digoxin, dolichol and ubiquinone, glycoconjugate metabolism, free radical metabolism and the RBC membrane composition, were studied in individuals with differing hemispheric-dominance. The digoxin levels and RBC membrane Na+-K+ATPase activity were also studied in systemic and neuropsychiatric diseases.Results:The results showed that right hemispheric-dominant individuals had elevated digoxin levels, increased free radical production and reduced scavenging, increased tryptophan catabolites and reduced tyrosine catabolites, increased glycoconjugate levels and increased cholesterol : phospholipid ratio of RBC membranes. Left hemispheric-dominant individuals had the opposite patterns. This patterns could be correlated with various systemic and neuropsychiatric diseases.Conclusion:Right hemispheric-dominance represents a hyperdigoxinaemic state with membrane sodium–potassium ATPase inhibition. Left hemispheric-dominance represents the reverse pattern with hypodigoxinaemia and membrane sodium–potassium ATPase stimulation. Hemispheric-dominance could predispose to various systemic and neuropsychiatric diseases.
Accidental out‐of‐hospital deliveries: an obstetric and neonatal case control study
Authors: Rodie Vanessa A. , Thomson Andrew J. , Norman Jane E. 
Published: December 2004

Background. Accidental out‐of‐hospital (OHD) deliveries are associated with high rates of perinatal morbidity and mortality. The ability of health care workers to identify women at risk of out‐of‐hospital delivery is limited. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of these deliveries in our population and to quantify the neonatal morbidity and mortality associated with such births. Further we aimed to determine whether women at risk of accidental out‐of‐hospital delivery in our population could be identified antenatally.Methods. A retrospective case‐control study was performed. Women who delivered accidentally out‐of‐hospital in our catchment area between January 1995 and March 1999 were identified (cases) and compared with women who delivered in hospital following spontaneous labor (controls). Outcome measures included maternal demographic characteristics, obstetric features and neonatal outcome.Results. In the study period, 117 women delivering 121 babies were identified who delivered accidentally out‐of‐hospital, (0.6% of all deliveries registered at the hospital). Women who delivered before arrival at hospital were more likely to be of greater parity, unbooked, late bookers and/or poor attenders for antenatal care. Gestation at delivery, duration of labor and birthweight were less in the out‐of‐hospital delivery group compared with the control group. The rate of perineal suturing was lower for cases than controls. Babies who were delivered accidentally out‐of‐hospital were more likely to require admission to the neonatal unit and had a higher perinatal mortality rate than controls (51.7 versus 8.6/1000 deliveries, respectively).Conclusions. Accidental out‐of‐hospital deliveries account for less than 1% of deliveries in our population, but are associated with significant perinatal morbidity and mortality. Women should be educated regarding the importance of both antenatal care and a planned delivery. Since the majority of women who deliver accidentally out‐of hospital are parous, there is an opportunity to do this in a previous confinement.
Different hepatic vascular response to noradrenaline and histamine between guinea‐pig and rat
Authors: Shibamoto T. , Narushima M. , Ling Y.‐Q. , Shimo T. , Tsuchida H. , Kurata Y. , Ogura T. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAim:  Hepatic xenotransplantation from guinea‐pig to rat has not been established. This failure is partly ascribed to differences in hepatic vascular characteristics between two species. However, the differences in hepatic vascular resistance distribution and responses to vasoconstrictors are not known. The present study was designed to determine basal levels of segmental vascular resistances and the responses to histamine and noradrenaline in isolated guinea‐pig and rat livers.Methods:  The livers were haemoperfused (Hct 8.3%) via the portal vein at a constant flow. The sinusoidal pressure was measured by the double occlusion pressure, and was used to determine the pre‐ (Rpre) and post‐sinusoidal (Rpost) resistances.Results:  There was no significant difference in basal total hepatic vascular resistance (Rt) between two species, whereas Rpre in rat (69% of Rt) was significantly greater than that in guinea‐pig (61% of Rt). The responses to noradrenaline were similar; Rpre increased in a greater magnitude than Rpost, and liver weight was reduced. However, the noradrenaline‐induced increase in Rt was greater in rats than in guinea‐pigs. In contrast, histamine increased predominantly Rpost over Rpre, and increased liver weight in guinea‐pig, while it affected no haemodynamic variables in rat.Conclusion:  There exist species differences in the hepatic vasculature between rat and guinea‐pig. Basal pre‐sinusoidal resistance in rat is greater than that in guinea‐pig. Although noradrenaline predominantly contracts pre‐sinusoidal vessels in both species, histamine causes predominant post‐sinusoidal vasoconstriction in guinea‐pig liver, while it has no vasoactive effects on rat liver.
Experimentally induced ischaemic pain in healthy humans is attenuated by the adenosine receptor antagonist theophylline
Authors: Segerdahl M. , Karelov A. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAims:  Endogenous adenosine is considered a prominent pain mediator in ischaemia. In contrast, it has been shown that exogenous adenosine can reduce tourniquet induced ischaemic pain in healthy volunteers. The aim of this study was to investigate if pharmacological antagonism of endogenous adenosine actions with an intravenous infusion of theophylline could attenuate experimentally induced ischaemic pain.Methods:  Nineteen healthy volunteers, 11 males, eight female, received theophylline 7 mg kg−1 or placebo intravenously, in a randomized, double blind and crossover fashion, prior to a sub‐maximum effort forearm tourniquet test. Experiments were carried out with 1‐week intervals to avoid pre‐conditioning. Pain scores [visual analogue scale (VAS), 0–100] were assessed every minute up to a maximum of 30 min.Results:  The sum of pain scores (accumulation of VAS scores) was attenuated by theophylline, 691 [200–1550 (median and 25–75% percentiles)], compared with placebo, 1231 (545–1675), P < 0.001. Also, peak VAS pain was lower during theophylline treatment, 48 ± 38 (mean ± SD), compared with placebo, 74 ± 27, P < 0.001. Blood pressure increased during the experiment with no difference between treatments. Heart rate was not affected by tourniquet or drug treatment.Conclusions:  It is concluded that the adenosine receptor antagonist theophylline is able to attenuate the development of ischaemia pain during experimental ischaemia in humans. This implies a role for adenosine as both facilitatory mediator and a modulator of ischaemia skeletal muscle pain.
Rapid onset of comorbidity of common mental disorders: findings from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS)
Authors: De Graaf R. , Bijl R. V. , Ten Have M. , Beekman A. T. F. , Vollebergh W. A. M. 
Published: December 2004

Objective: In a cohort of subjects with no history of psychopathology, we determined a 3‐year incidence and the risk factors of comorbid and pure mood, anxiety and substance use disorders.Method: Data were obtained from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS), a longitudinal community study in which 4796 adults were interviewed in 1996, 1997 and 1999 with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview.Results: Of 2869 cases at risk, 10.8% developed an incident disorder within 3 years, of which 16.1% was comorbid. Neuroticism, childhood trauma and parental psychiatric history were more strongly associated with comorbid than with pure disorders. No differences emerged in events occurring in the first year after baseline, but events in the period thereafter showed markedly stronger associations with comorbidity and pure mood disorder than with pure anxiety and substance use disorder. Functional disability was also linked more strongly to comorbidity and pure mood disorder.Conclusion: Clear risk factors exist for the rapid onset of comorbidity. Interventions are needed to prevent rapid comorbidity in subjects who recently developed a primary disorder.
Lower activities of serum peptidases predict higher depressive and anxiety levels following interferon‐alpha‐based immunotherapy in patients with hepatitis C
Authors: Maes M. , Bonaccorso S. 
Published: December 2004

Objective:  There is evidence that in patients with chronic hepatitis C, immunotherapy with interferon‐alpha (IFNα) may induce depression. A lowered activity of peptidases, such as prolylendopeptidase (PEP) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV), occurs in depression. This study examines whether lowered serum PEP or DPP IV activity before starting IFNα‐based immunotherapy predicts the increase in depressive symptoms during immunotherapy.Method:  Serum PEP and DPP IV activities are measured in patients with hepatitis C before and 2, 4 and 16 weeks after starting IFNα‐based immunotherapy. The Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM‐A) are completed.Results:  Patients with lower baseline PEP or DPP IV had significantly higher MADRS and HAM‐A scores both at baseline and during immunotherapy. Patients with lower baseline DPP IV had significantly higher increases in the MADRS following IFNα treatment.Conclusion:  Lower baseline PEP and DPP IV predict higher depressive and anxiety ratings during IFNα‐based immunotherapy.
Patterns of risperidone prescription: a utilization study in south‐west France
Authors: Martin K. , Bégaud B. , Verdoux H. , Lechevallier N. , Latry P. , Moore N. 
Published: December 2004

Objective:  To describe the patterns of prescriptions associated with risperidone in naturalistic clinical practice.Method:  We analysed 500 prescription forms randomly selected from the social security insurance database in Aquitaine (south‐west France).Results:  The prevalence of co‐prescription was 42.5% for antidepressants, 46.4% for benzodiazepines, 26.6% for other neuroleptics, 21.8% for mood stabilizers and 19% for anticholinergic drugs. The high prevalence of co‐prescribed antidepressants (59.3% Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) may be explained by the frequent comorbidity of mood disorders in schizophrenia, and by the fact that risperidone was prescribed in naturalistic conditions in disorders other than schizophrenia.Conclusion:  The high level of concomitant drug prescription in patients treated with risperidone illustrates the gap between clinical trials and utilization in naturalistic settings. The association antidepressant–risperidone has been insufficiently studied for efficacy or safety, and has to be explored further from both a pharmacological and clinical point of view.
Psychoeducation and cognitive‐behavioral therapy in bipolar disorder: an update
Authors: Gonzalez‐Pinto A. , Gonzalez C. , Enjuto S. , Fernandez de Corres B. , Lopez P. , Palomo J. , Gutierrez M. , Mosquera F. , Perez de Heredia J. L. 
Published: December 2004

Objective:  To review the available literature on psychoeducation and cognitive‐behavioral therapy (CBT) in bipolar disorder (BD) and to give an integral view of these therapies.Method:  Studies were identified through Medline searches in English language publications between 1971 and 2003. This was supplemented by a hand search and the inclusion of selected descriptive articles on good clinical practice.Results:  A number of studies demonstrate that psychoeducation enhances adherence to treatment, and one finds that it improves outcome in BD. Other studies find that CBT diminishes depressive symptoms and improves quality of life in BD. Occasionally some adverse effects may occur with psychotherapy and, although they are sporadic, should not be overlooked.Conclusion:  When combined with pharmacological treatment, psychoeducation helps to improve adherence. Training in the identification of early manic symptoms helps to improve outcomes and decreases the number of manic relapses in BD.
Time experience and time judgment in major depression, mania and healthy subjects. A controlled study of 93 subjects
Authors: Bschor T. , Ising M. , Bauer M. , Lewitzka U. , Skerstupeit M. , Müller‐Oerlinghausen B. , Baethge C. 
Published: December 2004

Objective:  Studies on the time sense of depressed patients have revealed inconsistent results. Manic patients have been almost neglected.Method:  Patients with a major depressive episode (n = 32), or a manic episode (n = 30) (both Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders‐IV, Mini‐International Neuropsychiatric Interview‐confirmed), and 31 healthy controls were included. The subjective time experience was assessed by a visual analog scale (VAS), the objectively measurable time judgment abilities by the Chronotest, a computer program developed for this study, consisting of time estimation and time production tasks.Results:  Controls reported a balanced, manic patients an enhanced, and depressive patients a slowed experience of time flow in the VAS (P < 0.001). In the time judgment tasks, however, both depressed and manic patients showed time overestimation for the longer time spans (P < 0.008).Conclusion:  This largest study on time sense in manic patients confirmed results of a divergent alteration of time experience in depressive and in manic patients but revealed an uniform time overestimation by both patient groups in time judgment tasks.
Suitability for psychoanalytic psychotherapy: validation of the Dynamic Assessment Interview (DAI)
Authors: Valbak K. , Rosenbaum B. , Hougaard E. 
Published: December 2004

Objective:  To examine the predictive validity of a particular interview and rating scale of patient suitability for psychoanalytic psychotherapy: The Dynamic Assessment Interview (DAI) scale.Method:  Seventy‐four psychiatric out‐patients were interviewed with the DAI and the associations between DAI‐scores and measures of outcome and of therapeutic alliance were investigated.Results:  Small to moderate correlations were found between the DAI suitability score and outcome (0.06–0.46) and between DAI suitability score and early rated alliance (0.14–0.45). The predictive value of the DAI‐score was limited although on a par with the alliance measures used in the study. No other pretherapy predictor variable investigated was found significantly to predict outcome.Conclusion:  The predictive power of the DAI measure was limited, a result, which is in agreement with results from former studies on suitability.
Immunoglobulin G antibodies to moulds in school‐children from moisture problem schools
Authors: Taskinen T. M. , Laitinen S. , Nevalainen A. , Vepsäläinen A. , Meklin T. , Reiman M. , Korppi M. , Husman T. 
Published: December 2004

Background:  The purpose of the present study was to evaluate mould‐specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in children exposed to moisture and mould problems in their school, and the association between IgG antibodies and mould allergy, active or passive smoking and respiratory symptoms. Methods: IgG antibodies were studied to 24 moulds in 93 children from three moisture problem schools and in 33 children from a reference school. The antibodies were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and compared to positive adult sera. Results: There were no significant differences in mould‐specific IgG concentrations between exposed and non‐exposed school‐children. Antibodies to moulds common in moisture damaged buildings were associated with allergic diseases, as well as with mould‐specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) or skin prick test (SPT) findings. Aspergillus fumigatus and A. versicolor were the moulds with the most consistent findings. Active and passive smoking were associated with low levels of antibodies to many moulds. Though the association between asthma, wheezing or cough symptoms, and IgG to moulds was not significant, 7 (39%) of the 18 children with multiple (> 7) elevated IgG findings suffered from asthma or wheezing. Conclusions: Allergy was, but asthma was not, associated with IgG antibodies to the moulds that can be found in moisture damaged buildings. However, no association was found between IgG antibodies to moulds and exposure to moisture and moulds in school.
Identifying Marginal Housing for People with a Mental Illness Living in Rural and Regional Areas
Authors: Grigg Margaret , Judd Fiona , Ryan Lisa , Komiti Angela 
Published: December 2004

Objective: Homelessness among people with a mental illness is a serious issue. The purpose of the present study was to identify the types of housing available for people with a mental illness in the region, to develop an audit tool to assess the housing of patients of the mental health service, and to pilot this audit tool. Methods: Key informants were interviewed to obtain information about the type of housing options available in the Loddon Campaspe Southern Mallee Region, Victoria, Australia. This information was used to develop a survey to audit the housing status of existing patients of the area mental health service. A pilot study using the survey was completed by case managers for 81 patients who were being case managed by the area mental health service Results: There was a wide variety of housing options in the region but housing availability was not evenly distributed. Although most patients lived in owned or rented accommodation, a substantial proportion of patients had difficulties with accessing the required services, the affordability of their housing, uncertainty of tenure or were at risk of violence within their housing. Conclusions: A substantial proportion of patients treated by a rural area mental health service had lived in impoverished housing.
Rural Integrated Primary Care Psychiatry Programme: a Systems Approach to Education, Training and Service Integration
Authors: Judd Fiona , Davis Julian , Hodgins Gene , Scopelliti Joe , Agin Biliana , Hulbert Carol 
Published: December 2004

Objective: To describe the development of a rural primary care psychiatry programme, within a stepped collaborative care model. Conclusion: Development of a system-wide approach to the provision of mental health services offers the opportunity to increase the proportion of people with mental health problems who receive effective treatment. In addition, it enables allocation of resources and matching of interventions to patient preference and clinical need. This is particularly important in rural areas where there is a shortage of specialist mental health services and practitioners.
O Anna: Being Bertha Pappenheim — Historiography and Biography
Authors: Kaplan Robert 
Published: December 2004

Objective: To review the famous case of Anna O. (the index case of psychoanalysis) as seen by each generation, in the light of current knowledge and thinking. Conclusions: The case was neither a catharsis nor a cure as described. Historical research has revealed a significantly different outcome, shedding new light on the motives of the chief protagonists, Breuer and Freud. No less interesting but greatly neglected is the life of Bertha Pappenheim, the real identity of Anna O.
Combined use of Amisulpride and Clozapine for Patients with Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia
Authors: Cook Brian , Hoogenboom Gerry 
Published: December 2004

Objective: To report on a trial of adding amisulpride to clozapine. Methods: Description of six cases. Results: Six patients who had been on clozapine were commenced on ami-sulpride. All patients had had unwanted effects with clozapine, particularly sedation, hypersalivation, or weight gain. Five patients reported a high level of satisfaction with the regimen, having a reduction in the level of sedation and improvement in levels of motivation and energy, without recurrence of positive symptoms. Conclusion: The combined use of amisulpride and clozapine would appear to be an appropriate and beneficial treatment.