bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eumycetoma Caused by
Cladophialophora bantiana
in a Dog
Authors: Guillot J. , Garcia-Hermoso D. , Degorce F. , Deville M. , Calvié C. , Dickelé G. , Delisle F. , Chermette R. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACT

We report a case of eumycetoma due to
Cladophialophora bantiana
in a 3-year-old male Siberian Husky living in France. The dog presented a tumefaction on the thorax and deformity of the second and third subjacent ribs, which were surgically removed. Macroscopic black granules were visible on the ribs, and direct microscopic examination revealed their fungal origin. Cultures yielded pure colonies of
C. bantiana
. The identification of the causative agent was confirmed after amplification and sequence analysis of fungal internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 and 5.8S ribosomal DNA regions. Surgery and antifungal treatment with oral itraconazole associated with flucytosine allowed apparent cure after a 10-month follow-up. Envenomation with pine processionary caterpillars (
Thaumetopoea pityocampa
) and subsequently intensive corticotherapy were considered as possible predisposing factors. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first case in which
C. bantiana
is identified as the causative agent of eumycetoma.
Disseminated Infection with
Prototheca zopfii
after Unrelated Stem Cell Transplantation for Leukemia
Authors: Lass-Flörl Cornelia , Fille Manfred , Gunsilius Eberhard , Gastl Günther , Nachbaur David 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACT

Disseminated infection with
Prototheca zopfii
is a rare disease in immunosuppressed patients. We here report the first case of lethal infection with
P. zopfii
following unrelated stem cell transplantation for leukemia. Breakthrough protothecosis occurred during long-term administration of voriconazole in the case of pulmonary aspergillosis.
Vibrio metschnikovii
, a Rare Cause of Wound Infection
Authors: Linde Hans-Jörg , Kobuch Reinhard , Jayasinghe Sylvia , Reischl Udo , Lehn Norbert , Kaulfuss Stefan , Beutin Lothar 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACT

We report the first case of a postoperative wound infection caused by
Vibrio metschnikovii
on the lower right leg of a patient after saphenectomy. Compared to the healing of an uninfected site, that of the right leg was delayed, and a cure was achieved by intensified wound care. Several swabs taken from the infected site grew a gram-negative rod in pure culture that was identified as
V. metschnikovii
by the VITEK 2 system. The source of the infection was not detected; however, the absence of putative risk factors (exposure to water or shellfish or an episode of diarrhea), the profession of the patient (butcher), and the isolation of
V. metschnikovii
in a variety of farm animals (chicken, cattle, swine, and horses) suggest that infections caused by
V. metschnikovii
may be regarded as zoonotic.
FLOW INTO A BLACK HOLE
Authors: TORDELLA DANIELA , BREIDENTHAL ROBERT E. 
Published: October 2004

A simple model is proposed to describe the flow into a black hole from the turbulent flow of matter in initially circular orbits about the black hole. Magnetic effects are not considered. The shear between fluid elements at slightly different orbital radii causes turbulent eddies to be formed. These eddies determine the dissipation rate of kinetic energy into thermal energy. For approximately circular orbits, the magnitude of the gravitational potential energy is always equal to twice the kinetic energy; the destruction of the latter resulting in a reduction in the orbital radius and hence the potential energy. In this model, the turbulent eddy rotation period is presumed to be determined by the gradient in the gravity acceleration, leading to an eddy period proportional to the orbital period. If the flow speeds are supersonic but not relativistic, then the turbulent eddy size is set by the product of the eddy rotation period and the speed of sound. At a certain smaller radius, the orbital speeds and hence the dissipation rate are so great that the speeds become relativistic and the molecular speed tends toward its limit [Formula: see text]. Then the effective eddy size is controlled by the product of the eddy rotation period and the speed of light. Using these estimates for the important eddy size, the dissipation rate, temperature, density and sinking speed as a function of the orbital radius and the rate of mass flow into the black hole are derived. Subject headings: accretion, accretion disks, stars evolution, turbulence, eddy, sonic eddy.
EVANESCENT X-RAYS PROBING SURFACE-DOMINATED PHASE TRANSITIONS
Authors: DOSCH H. 
Published: October 2004

This article reviews the scattering of evanescent x-ray waves as they occur inside a solid in the regime of total external reflection. The theoretical and experimental details of glancing angle scattering and the use of synchrotron radiation are discussed. It is shown how strong surface disorder and surface roughness affect the Bragg scattering of these exponentially damped waves and how these scattering signals can be interpreted in a straightforward way within the distorted wave Born approximation (DWBA). The application of this novel surface technique to bulk phase transitions allows the observation of surface-dominated behaviour. This is illustrated via two examples:. 1. The discontinuous order-disorder transition in Cu 3 Au has been studied near the (001) and (111) surface by evanescent x-rays. It turns out that the order parameter close to the free surface of the alloy decays in a very pronounced way upon approaching the transition temperature. The quantitative analysis of the evanescent superlattice intensity is compatible with a wetting phenomenon. 2. The critical phenomena associated with the continuous order-disorder transition in Fe 3 Al become distinctly modified due to the presence of a free surface. By applying the evanescent wave method three new universal surface exponents β1, γ11 and η‖ could be determined. This allows for the first time a critical exprimental test of surface scaling relations which turn out to be in good agreement with the experimental findings. At the surface of binary alloys surface segregation phenomena occur which complicate the experimental observation of near-surface ordering and disordering phenomena as well as the theoretical models which have to account for these effects. Some implications of these surface effects is briefly presented.
SEGREGATION IN MULTICOMPONENT ALLOYS: ORDERED CrN AND CrC SURFACE PHASES ON A Fe-15%Cr-C, N(100) SINGLE CRYSTAL
Authors: UEBING C. , SCHEUCH V. , KISKINOVA M. , BONZEL H. P. 
Published: October 2004

In general the chemical composition of multicomponent alloy surfaces exhibits significant deviations from the bulk composition due to thermally activated segregation processes. Upon cosegregation epitaxially stabilized two-dimensional surface compounds are formed on substrate surfaces of suitable orientation, e.g. CrN on Fe-15%Cr-N(100) and CrC on Fe-15%Cr-C(100) . The important role of the epitaxial stabilization manifests itself by the fact that on Fe-15%Cr-C(100) crystals the formation of cubic CrC surface precipitates is possible upon nonequilibrium cosegregation of the constituent components. Such a chromium carbide with rocksalt structure is not stable in the bulk of bcc Fe-Cr-C alloys . Angle-resolved photoemission of Cr 2 p 3/2, N 1s and C 1s core level photoelectrons is used to determine the structure of the CrN surface compound and of the CrC surface precipitate on a Fe-15%Cr-C,N(100) single crystal. Both surface phases exhibit a sharp 1×1 LEED pattern. Polar angle intensity distributions of photoelectrons (x-ray photoelectron diffraction) are recorded in the [001] and [011] azimuths, respectively. For CrN the angular intensity distributions exhibit forward scattering peaks for Cr 2 p 3/2 but not for N 1s. Most likely, the CrN phase consists of a CrN compound layer with significant N outward relaxation of about 0.6 Å and a second completed Cr layer. Single scattering cluster (SSC) calculations indicate that the Cr-Cr interlayer distance is expanded by about 26% with respect to the bcc lattice. For CrC , on the other hand, Cr 2 p 3/2 and C 1s show both strong forward scattering features in all distributions. The CrC phase consists of at least three complete compound layers with NaCl structure.
DYNAMIC PROCESSES OF ALTERED LAYER FORMATION IN Cu-Pt ALLOYS UNDER ION BOMBARDMENT
Authors: LI CHUNFEI , ASAHATA TATSUYA , SHIMIZU RYUICHI 
Published: October 2004

Three different experimental approaches have been developed to study the dynamic process of subsurface altered layer formation in a Cu-Pt alloy under Ar + ion bombardment: (1) sputter neutral mass spectrometry by multiphoton ionization (MPI-SNMS) for the study of preferential sputtering caused by the collision cascade process in the very initial stage of sputtering; (2) ion scattering spectroscopy (ISS)-Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) sequential measurements for investigating radiation-enhanced Gibbsian segregation in the transient stage of sputtering; (3) an approach based on ISS monitoring by prompt switching of the ion bombardment with ( He ++ Ar +) ions to that with He + ions, for revealing the cooling effect in radiation-enhanced diffusion in the final steady state of sputtering. For this we have developed a specific coevaporating device for depositing Cu and Pt simultaneously on a substrate at constant deposition rate. The coevaporating device was attached to both of the specimen chambers of the Auger microprobe, JAMP-3, and of the MPI-SNMS apparatus. The results have clearly revealed: (i) ion bombardment causes a preferential sputtering of Cu atoms in the very initial stage of sputtering, (ii) followed by gradual formation of an altered layer as ion sputtering proceeds in the transient stage, and (iii) finally the alloy system approaches a steady state where the composition profile is controlled by cascade mixing, radiation-enhanced Gibbsian segregation and radiation-enhanced diffusion to satisfy the mass balance law. In the steady state the approach (3) has, first, revealed that the cooling effect does exist in radiation-enhanced diffusion.
Log on, tune in, drop down
Authors: Becker Ken 
Published: October 2004

Every one of us, I'll bet, can recall numerous encounters with Web drop-down lists that behave differently from what we expect. Sometimes they go off and act on our selections before we're ready, leaving us shrieking ("Stop, I haven't finished!"); other times we wait patiently for something to happen, not realizing we have to click a "Go" button. Arguing for consistency in the "Go" direction, Ken Becker explains why going "Go-less" overloads the drop-down and reduces user control.
---Elizabeth Buie
The People's Health Movement: A People's Campaign for "HEALTH FOR ALL—NOW!"
Authors: Narayan Ravi , Schuftan Claudio 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe People's Health Assembly and the People's Health Movement have been a civil society effort to counter the ill effects of globalization on health and health care. The Assembly, through an interactive dialogue, developed the People's Charter for Health as a tool for advocacy and a call for radical action. Consisting of a wide range of action initiatives, the People's Charter for Health, now translated into over forty languages, is helping to promote a movement that involves geographical circles of health professionals and activists that organize street-level rallies, policy debates and dialogues, and public education. The movement's advocacy efforts with the WHO and other major international health players and health campaigns are all focused on the goal of "Health for All—Now!"
The Globalization of Health: Risks, Responses, and Alternatives
Authors: Harris Richard , Seid Melinda 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
This essay provides a summary and synthesis of the wealth of information, analysis, and conclusions provided by the other contributors to this collection of essays on globalization and health. The major themes addressed are the health risks and health effects of globalization, the responses to these risks and effects at the national and global levels, and the alternatives to the present patterns of globalization in which the health of billions of people around the world and the planet's ecological sustainability are threatened.
The Social Dimension of Globalization and Health
Authors: Badawi Aboubakr 
Published: October 2004

AbstractContrary to the hopes created by globalization, most observers report a substantial degradation of living standards, social protection, and basic social services, such as education, employment and health. This paper discusses the social dimensions of globalization with special focus on its impact on health services. Six main issues are addressed, namely, commercial exploitation of health plants, monopoly of health commodities, new food hazards, unfair implementation of intellectual property rights, marketing of tobacco and similar health threatening items, and the brain drain from developing countries. Specific recommended actions are presented, aiming for globalization that is more favorable to the poor.
Globalization and Health: The Paradox of the Periphery
Authors: Murray Christine 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe impact of globalization on health is complex, both positively and negatively. Benefits include improved medical technology and services, but globalization also has promoted patterns of dependency, development, settlement, and lifestyles that have been detrimental to health. This paper draws examples from the small island nations of the Pacific to show how globalization impacts environmental health, health service delivery, and lifestyles. It shows that, paradoxically, in the smallest and most remote nations the negative impacts of globalization are felt most strongly in urban areas where living standards might appear to be highest.
Access to Healthcare via Telehealth: Experiences from the Pacific
Authors: Smith Roy 
Published: October 2004

AbstractInformation and communication technologies (ICT) have been fundamental in the evolution of the myriad of processes broadly encapsulated under the rubric of globalization. This article looks at how ICT developments have been applied to the provision of healthcare in remoter parts of the world, especially the Pacific region. This discussion includes a brief overview of how Internet infrastructure and connectivity have spread across the region. This overview, in turn, involves a discussion of the use of, and potential for, elements of telehealth and telemedicine relevant to Pacific island communities. Both the micro and macro aspects of this topic are considered. These aspects relate to the individual level of patient care within these communities, the manner in which broader influences within the global political economy can affect both the type of illness and disease requiring treatment, and also the level of healthcare available.
Globalization, Health, and the Free Trade Regime: Assessing the Links
Authors: Labonte Ronald 
Published: October 2004

AbstractGlobalization can be defined as the increased interconnectedness of peoples and nations through technology, trade, and finance, reinforced by an increasing number of multilateral institutions and rules. Globalization can bring health benefits, but is also associated with health risks. Its direct and indirect links to health present a complex puzzle. This essay provides a framework to help in unpacking the links, including a review of some of the evidence of health impacts along the pathways. Particular attention is given to trade agreements and their potential effects on national regulatory abilities to create healthy living, working, and environmental conditions.
Globalization of Risks for Chronic Diseases Demands Global Solutions
Authors: Yach Derek , Beaglehole Robert 
Published: October 2004

AbstractDebates about globalization and health focus almost exclusively on communicable diseases. However, chronic diseases— especially cardiovascular diseases, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes—now constitute the bulk of the global burden of disease. This chapter provides updated information on trends in the major macro-determinants of chronic diseases such as urbanization, globalization, and aging. Further, it summarizes evidence of the impact of known risk factors for chronic diseases such as tobacco, diet/nutrition, physical activity, and alcohol. Reasons for failure to invest in prevention are outlined and the importance of implementing available knowledge about preventive and therapeutic strategies is stressed.
Is "Soft" Beautiful? Another Perspective on Law, Institutions, and Integration in the CIS
Authors: Dragneva Rilka 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThis article examines the state of international relations between the former Soviet republics post-1991 as structured within the Commonwealth of Independent States ("the CIS") in terms of their institutional elements and the key causal factors behind them. In doing so, it seeks to complement the existing research written predominantly out of binary or normative perspectives by accounting for the intricate mix between the legal and the political within and among the member states and by focusing on the functional value and rationality of the CIS in its current format. Using the conceptual framework of legalization of international relations for its analysis, the article reveals a complex picture of the relations within the CIS, whereby no single model but, rather, a set of institutional patterns or regimes can be distinguished. The analysis shows that these regimes are characterized by the prevalence of "soft" or "softened" (as opposed to "hard") legal institutions. The argument made here is that "soft" forms of integration offer specific advantages while mitigating some disadvantages of "hard" forms, particularly in relation to dealing with sovereignty sensitivities, uncertainty and complexity, accommodating diversity, and reducing contracting costs. In this sense, reforming the CIS can be better conceptualized in terms of finding the right mix between "hard" and "soft" legalization of its institutions to correspond to its needs and realities at this moment.
"There Was no such Thing as the 'Newtonian Revolution,' and the French Initiated it." Eighteenth-century Mechanics in France before Maupertuis
Authors: Shank Michael 
Published: October 2004

AbstractTwo linked arguments are offered in this paper. The first half argues that I.B. Cohen's notion of the "Newtonian Revolution" in mechanics needs to be revised in light of the recent historical work of Michel Blay, Henk Bos, and Niccolò Guicciardini. It further suggests a new way of thinking about the history of French mathematical mechanics in the decades around 1700 that follows as a consequence of these historical revisions. The second half of the paper builds upon these revisions by offering a cultural explanation for the particularly French approach to mechanics that was developed after 1690. Specifically, it suggests that the broad circulation and influence of the philosophy of Nicolas Malebranche in France between 1680 and 1715 exemplifies the ways that French culture contributed to the development of its particular approach to mechanics.
Feldspar crystallization under magma-mixing conditions shown by cathodoluminescence and geochemical modelling – a case study from the Karkonosze pluton (SW Poland)
Authors: Słaby E. , Götze J. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFeldspars from the Karkonosze pluton (SW Poland) display many features compatible with magma mixing. The mixing hypothesis has been tested using a geochemical mass balance law resulting in two possible paths of magma hybridization. Based on the results of the geochemical calculation, feldspar samples have been chosen along both mixing lines for cathodoluminescence (CL) investigation which was used as the main tool for the reconstruction of their crystallization path. Changes in the conditions of nucleation and crystallization of the feldspars as well as their movement within the magma chamber have been recognized due to different luminescence characteristics. These changes in the conditions of crystallization obtained by CL allow a precise determination of the genetic affinity of the samples to more mafic or more felsic environments.The results of the present study proved CL to be a valuable tool for the study of crystal-growth morphologies in a dynamic, turbulent environment and also as a geochemical tool for the reconstruction of various petrogenetic mechanisms (e.g. magma hybridization). Accordingly, the combination of CL with geochemical modelling provides corresponding information about magma evolution in an open system.
Complex colour and chemical zoning of sodalite-group phases in a haüynophyre lava from Mt. Vulture, Italy
Authors: Di Muro A. , Bonaccorsi E. , Principe C. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe haüynophyre emitted from a parasitic vent of the Vulture stratovolcano is a S- and Cl-rich, leucitemelilite- bearing lava flow containing an unusually large amount of sodalite-group minerals (>23 vol.%). Mineralogical and chemical study of phenocrysts has led to the identification of black haüynes, blue lazurites and of Cl-rich white or black noseans. X-ray diffraction (XRD) study confirms the occurrence of nosean having a low symmetry (P23). Raman spectra and XRD data show that S is fully oxidized to SO4in black haüynes and in white noseans, while it is partly reduced to form S3–groups in blue lazurites, which also contain H2O molecules. Structural and chemical data strongly question the validity of the Hogarth and Griffin (1976) method widely used to resolve the ratio S6+/S2–in sodalite-group phases from EMPA data. Among euhedral phenocrysts, large lazurites are only faintly zoned. All other phases show variable core-rim chemical zoning and many phenocrysts are partially resorbed and/or colour-zoned. Black haüynes have highly variable S/Cl and slightly lower SiO2/Al2O3ratios, larger FeTOT contents and more compatible trace elements than lazurites. Thin opaque noseansodalite rims surrounding all crystals are interpreted as a result of rapid crystallization driven by exsolution of a S-scavenging fluid phase. We suggest that the extreme complexity of the mineralogical assemblage reflects variableaSiO2andaH2Oof the silicate melts.
The minor intrusions of Assynt, NW Scotland: early development of magmatism along the Caledonian Front
Authors: Goodenough K. M. , Young B. N. , Parsons I. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe Assynt Culmination of the Moine Thrust Belt, in the northwest Scottish Highlands, contains a variety of Caledonian alkaline and calc-alkaline intrusions that are mostly of Silurian age. These include a significant but little-studied suite of dykes and sills, the Northwest Highlands Minor Intrusion Suite. We describe the structural relationships of these minor intrusions and suggest a classification into seven swarms. The majority of the minor intrusions can be shown to pre-date movement in the Moine Thrust Belt, but some appear to have been intruded during the period of thrusting. A complex history of magmatism is thus recorded within this part of the Moine Thrust Belt. New geochemical data provide evidence of a subduction-related component in the mantle source of the minor intrusions.