bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individual Differences in Older Adult Frontal Lobe Function Relate to Memory and Neural Activity for Self-Relevant and Emotional Content
Authors: Daley Ryan T , Bowen Holly J , Fields Eric C , Parisi Katelyn R , Gutchess Angela , Kensinger Elizabeth A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Older adults show memory benefits for self-relevant and emotional content, but there are individual differences in this effect. It has been debated whether processing of self-relevant and emotional information relies on similar processes to one another. We examined whether variation in frontal lobe (FL) function among older adults related similarly to the processing of self-relevant information as it did to emotional information, or whether these relations diverged.

Methods
While undergoing fMRI, participants (ages 60–88) viewed positive, negative, and neutral objects, and imagined placing those objects in either their home or a stranger’s home. Participants completed a surprise memory test outside of the MRI. In a separate session, a cognitive battery was collected and composite scores measuring FL and medial temporal lobe function were computed and related to the behavioral memory performance and the neural engagement during fMRI.

Results
Behaviorally, FL function related to memory for self-relevant, but not emotional content. Older adults with higher FL function demonstrated reduced self-bias in memory performance. During the processing of self-relevant stimuli, independent of emotion, levels of activity in the middle frontal gyrus showed positive associations with FL function. This relationship was not driven by compensatory activity or disruptions to nonself-relevant neutral content.

Discussion
These findings point to divergence in the cognitive functions relating to memory enhancements for self- and emotional-relevance. The results further suggest self-relevance as a mnemonic device for older adults, especially in those with lower FL function.
A DIGITAL INTERVENTION TO PROMOTE EFFECTIVE COPING DURING CRISIS AND ROUTINE AMONG OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Shapira Stav , Yeshua-Katz Daphna , Avigezer Avital , Hou Su-I , Sarid Orly 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Introduction
We developed and evaluated a short-term group intervention aimed at promoting effective coping and alleviating adverse mental health impacts during the first wave of COVID-19 in Israel. The intervention consists of seven sessions, each including: a guided group discussion, and learning and practicing cognitive-behavioral and mindfulness techniques.

Methods
In this pilot randomized controlled trial, we recruited eighty-two community-dwelling older adults who were assigned to either an intervention group (n=64) or a wait-list control group (n=18). Participants completed questionnaires assessing depression, loneliness, subjective health, and social support. We collected measurements before (T0), immediately after participation (T1), 4 weeks after participation (T2), and 1.5 years after participation in the intervention (T3).

Results
Our findings revealed statistically and clinically significant reductions in depression in the intervention group, with results maintained at one-month and 1.5-year follow-ups. While loneliness levels also significantly decreased post-intervention, this benefit was not maintained at follow-up measurements. Social support and subjective health did not change significantly. The wait-list control group did not show any overall changes. Participants reported frequently using cognitive reconstruction and positive self-talk techniques at the 1.5-year follow-up. The current degree of technique use/practice significantly predicted depression level at T3.

Conclusions
Our intervention presents a simple and easy-to-implement tool with broad relevance beyond the COVID-19 pandemic, as the skills acquired also positively influence mental health outcomes during routine life. This relatively simple model can be effectively utilized by communities globally to help connect lonely and isolated older inhabitants and promote effective coping with various stressful situations.
THE IMPACT OF CONTRACT NURSE UTILIZATION ON NURSING HOME QUALITY
Authors: Davlyatov Ganisher , Weech-Maldonado Robert , Pradhan Rohit , Ghiasi Akbar , Lord Justin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Nurse staffing intensity and skill mix have a significant impact on NH quality of care. For instance, higher staffing levels, particularly for registered nurses (RNs), have been associated with better resident outcomes. NHs have increasingly relied on contract nurse staffing to address pressing and persistent nursing shortages. Research suggests that contract nurses may be unfamiliar with institutional policies and procedures or organizational culture. They may require increased supervision, be less participatory in teamwork, and may increase the workload for the permanent staff. The objective of this study is to examine the association between contract nurse utilization and quality of care at US nursing homes.We used secondary data from PBJ nurse staffing, Nursing Home Compare, Healthcare Cost Report Information System (HCRIS) Dataset, and the American Community Survey (ACS) for the period 2017-2021. The dependent variable was CMS quality star rating, and the independent variables were contract nurse to total nurse proportions for each of RNs, LPNs, and CNAs. We employed multivariate random effects ordered logistic regression to test the hypothesis. We found that across all our three models (RNs, LPNs, CNAs), quality star ratings were negatively associated with contract nurse utilization. A 10% increase in contract nurse proportion was associated with a 10% decrease in the odds of reporting a higher quality star rating (OR=0.99, p&lt;0.001). Our results suggest the increased utilization of contract nurse staffing may have a negative impact on US NH quality---an important issue that has agitated policymakers for nearly three decades.
ESTIMATING THE ECONOMIC VALUE OF FAMILY CAREGIVING AT A NATIONAL AND STATE LEVEL
Authors: Caldera Selena , Reinhard Susan , Houser Ari , Choula Rita 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The 2023 update to the Valuing the Invaluable series estimates the economic value of unpaid, family caregiving in America at $600 billion in 2021. This is the latest estimate in almost 20 years of work tracking the economic value of family caregiving in the U.S. The Valuing the Invaluable series of reports uses a meta-analysis approach drawing on various surveys of family caregivers to produce estimates at the state and national levels of the numbers of caregivers, the hours of care they provided, the average economic value of that care per hour, and the total economic value of all caregiving provided in that year. This presentation will detail the methodology for this meta-analysis, the 2021 national estimate of the economic value of caregiving, and variation in state-level estimates of the economic value of caregiving. While this estimated economic value of caregiving seeks to be comprehensive, it does not account for opportunity costs tied to forgoing work or scaling back work because of caregiving, out-of-pocket costs of caregivers, or foregone retirement savings of caregivers. These limitations will be discussed and the direction they offer for future work understanding the full value of unpaid caregiving contributions to the LTSS system and the state and federal budgets.
ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN DISABILITY, CHRONIC DISEASES, AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS IN VIETNAMESE OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Miyawaki Christina , Garcia Joshua , Medina Luis , Nguyen Kim , Meyer Oanh , Markides Kyriakos 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
After the fall of Saigon in 1975, several waves of Vietnamese immigrants/refugees migrated to the U.S. currently comprising 2.2 million individuals, the 4th-largest Asian-origin subgroup in the U.S. Despite the large number and their traumatic, adverse lifelong experiences, health research on this population is scarce. To fill this gap, we developed the Vietnamese Aging and Care Survey and collected health data on older Vietnamese in Houston, Texas, the 2nd-largest Vietnamese-populated metropolitan area in the nation. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between their physical disability, chronic diseases, and depressive symptoms. Respondents (N=210) were 76 years old (mean), married (63%), and female (56%) with 8 years of education. They lived in the U.S. for 25 years (mean) and spoke Vietnamese only (88%) in multi-generation (80%) low-income households (91%, ≤$25K). They self-rated their health as fair/poor (80%) with ≥1 chronic condition (76%). Those with higher depressive symptoms were less likely to be married (p=0.004) and have more chronic diseases (p=0.004) compared to those without depressive symptoms. Regression analyses showed significant associations between arthritis (β=2.73), liver disease (β=6.24), ADL disability (β=0.72), and higher depressive symptoms. Limited control over their basic function (ADL disability) would restrict their daily lives, and mobility issues and pain (arthritis and liver disease) might impact them psychologically. While older Vietnamese may leverage their multi-generation living condition, and receive tangible support with ADL disability within their families, healthcare professionals should connect them with culturally and linguistically relevant adult daycare centers that provide social and exercise opportunities.
GIS/GPS METHODOLOGIES TO MEASURING OUTDOOR MOBILITY, ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT, AND HEALTHY AGING
Authors: Roecke Christina , Luo Minxia , Kaye Jeffrey 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
There has been increasingly more interest in using GIS/GPS methodologies in healthy aging research, but insufficient consideration of the latest developments in this area. This symposium showcases recent studies using GIS/GPS methodologies to measure outdoor mobility and environmental context across different countries, including one long-term longitudinal study and three micro-longitudinal studies. Specifically, Lum and colleagues examine a four-year survey from over 2,000 older adults in Hong Kong. They show that public open space (including its accessibility, its number of leisure facility types, and social interactions happened therein) was not only associated with functional ability cross-sectionally, but also with the decline of functional ability over time. Perchoux and colleagues collect seven days data from 471 older adults in Luxembourg. They show that built environments (such as higher street connectivity and lower density of parking lots) were associated with lower total sedentary time. Luo and colleagues examine data from a 15-day study with 109 older adults in Switzerland. They show that characteristics of neighborhood walkability (including higher street connectivity, more access to places for walking and cycling, and lower mixture of land use) strengthens the positive associations between daily out-of-home mobility and daily working memory performance. Giannouli and colleagues present their project of a mobile app for early detection of mobility impairments. Through two one-week studies, they demonstrate the reliability, validity, and usability of their app as a tool to assess walking speed and life-space mobility of older adults. Finally, Jeffrey A. Kaye will discuss all papers from a healthy aging perspective.
EFFECT OF OLDER ADULT HEALTH STATUS AND AGE ON TRAINEES’ PERCEPTIONS OF CLINICAL WORK WITH OLDER ADULT CLIENTS
Authors: Caskie Grace , Johnson Benjamin , Root Eve 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The growing older adult population in the US will result in more psychologists providing services to older clients. Yet, most psychology doctoral programs lack specific training on mental healthcare for older adults, which allows ageism and healthism to remain unchallenged. To examine how age and health status affect trainees’ clinical perceptions, we used a 2 age X 3 health repeated-measures experimental design. Doctoral trainees (N=219; age=21-58) in clinical and counseling psychology were randomly assigned to the 71-year-old or 81-year-old condition. Trainees then read three randomly-ordered clinical vignettes depicting clients with depressive symptoms that varied health condition (healthy, recent Alzheimer’s diagnosis, heart disease). Trainees provided clinical ratings for each client. Regardless of age, relative to the client with a recent Alzheimer’s diagnosis, the healthy client was perceived as more likely to develop an effective therapeutic relationship, and both the healthy client and client with heart disease were considered more appropriate candidates for therapy. For the 71-year-old client, prognosis, competence, and comfort did not differ between the healthy client and the client with heart disease, but both were rated significantly better than the client with Alzheimer’s. For the 81-year-old client, competence and comfort treating were significantly lower for the client with Alzheimer’s as compared to both the client with heart disease and the healthy client, but trainees also expressed less comfort and competence treating the client with heart disease than the healthy client. Doctoral psychology programs should include training addressing trainees’ clinical knowledge and biases to ensure competent care for older adults.
HARNESSING NETWORKS IN TRANSLATIONAL GEROSCIENCE RESEARCH
Authors: Justice Jamie 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Understanding and addressing age-related chronic diseases and disability requires a “root cause” approach: to look beyond the individual diseases to biological aging as the shared driver of multiple conditions. This goal is the foundation of an emerging discipline, geroscience. Geroscience has fostered new research on the basic biology of aging with rapid development of biomarkers of biological age, and therapeutics that target aging biology advancing to clinical trials. This presentation will provide a translational framework for early-career investigators who seek to evaluate biological processes underlying aging, and test promising interventions targeting these processes from animal models to clinical trials. This includes: 1) developing outcomes and biomarker frameworks for aging outcomes trials, and 2) establishing functional consequences of cellular senescence in older adults; and 3) creating opportunities to grow a diverse inter-disciplinary research program in geroscience through professional organizations, scientific networks, and NIA-supported research centers.
DOES WORKFORCE ROLE IMPACT LEARNING IN NURSING HOME EDUCATION? EVIDENCE FROM THE CHATO NATIONAL TRIAL
Authors: Shaw Clarissa , Williams Kristine , Hein Maria , Perkhounkova Yelena , Coleman Carissa , Yang Frances 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Nursing home residents rely on a variety of staff to meet their physical and psychosocial needs. Our communication intervention for nursing home staff—entitled CHATO—is currently being tested in a pragmatic clinical trial nationwide. All staff, regardless of role, are encouraged to participate to create a culture of person-centered communication. We analyzed differences in learning outcomes, and completion and satisfaction, among five staff roles including 274 aides (CNA, CMA), 180 nurses (LPN, RN), 52 administrators, 42 professional staff (social work, speech-, physical-, occupational-therapy), and 134 other non-care staff (dietary, custodial, transport). We compared changes in knowledge of effective person-centered communication, measured by (1) scores on the Changing Talk Scale (CHATS) and (2) ratings of video-based communication appropriateness, communication effectiveness, recognizing person-centered, and elderspeak communication. At baseline, aides and non-care staff had significantly lower CHATS scores than professional staff (p&lt;.05). All roles demonstrated similar and significant knowledge gain with mean score increases ranging from 17.8-24.6 (p’s &lt;.001). Similar patterns of changes were observed for communication ratings. The overall completion rate for enrolled staff was 82.6%, of whom only 6.2% reported dissatisfaction. The completion and satisfaction outcomes did not vary by role. These findings suggest that CHATO can be a useful education program for enhancing person-centered communication across different staff roles. Although baseline knowledge was higher in certain roles, the knowledge gains, completion rates, and satisfaction ratings did not vary by staff role. It is important to remember that all staff, not just direct care staff, benefit from education in nursing homes.
AN EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM IN ASSISTED LIVING TO INCREASE STAFF SELF-EFFICACY IN PROVISION OF DEMENTIA PALLIATIVE CARE
Authors: Dobbs Debra , Meng Hongdao , Yauk Jessica , Buck Harleah , Haley William 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Advance care planning among persons with dementia, their family members and staff in assisted living (AL) communities can facilitate meeting care preferences. In a recent NIH Stage 1a feasibility cluster randomized trial in AL communities (N=118 residents with dementia, 23 staff; k=10 ALs). The Palliative Care Education in Assisted Living for Dementia Care Providers (PCEAL-DCP) intervention showed an increase in documentation of ACP discussions (e.g., completion of advance directives, having goals of care discussions with family) in the treatment group from 12% to 51% compared to control group (8% to 23%) from baseline to six-months (effect size 0.86, Cohen’s d statistic). The current study is an NIH Stage 1b pilot using the same sample to test staff self-efficacy as a mechanism and if staff self-efficacy mediates the effects of increased documentation of ACP discussions. The measure of staff self-efficacy includes two self-reported survey items at pre- and post-intervention (baseline and one-month) that asks them how much they agree with their ability to provide care for terminally ill persons and terminally ill persons with dementia (completely agree, somewhat agree, completely disagree). Descriptive results indicate a larger increase for the treatment AL staff from baseline to one month for the percentage who completely agreed with both items. For the item specific to providing care for terminally ill persons with dementia, the treatment group was 47% baseline to 84.6% one-month compared to 66% baseline and 50% control group. Results for mediation between staff-self efficacy and ACP will be discussed.
HARNESSING COMPLEMENTARY RESEARCH SKILLS TO ADVANCE RESEARCH ON FINANCIAL DECISION MAKING
Authors: DeLiema Marti , Hemmy Laura 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Financial decision making comprises a set of cognitive skills including problem-solving, critical thinking, and an understanding of key financial facts that help people make informed decisions about their money. Research indicates that financial decision making is one of the earliest areas of cognitive functioning to be affected by aging and by aging-related neurological disease. The Financial Decision Making Special Interest Group (SIG) has brought together several interdisciplinary researchers from social work and neuropsychology to advance our understanding of financial decision making trajectories in older adults, and how these trajectories impact their risk of harmful financial outcomes. Members bring different skills to the collaboration--cognitive assessment, working with clinical populations, and deep knowledge of the effects of poor decision making on financial security and risk of fraud and exploitation. In this presentation, SIG members will share how they overcame challenges to develop a collaborative research agenda, including building membership and identifying samples in which to pilot measures of financial decision making.
THE ROLE OF PSYCHOSOCIAL AND LIFESTYLE FACTORS IN PROMOTING COGNITIVE HEALTH
Authors: Willroth Emily 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This symposium will highlight the role of psychosocial and lifestyle factors in cognitive health. Across four talks, we consider a wide range of psychosocial and lifestyle factors including personality, stress, physical activity, and nutrition, and a wide range of cognitive health outcomes including subjective and objective cognitive performance, clinical diagnoses of cognitive status, and cognitive healthspan. First, Dr. Patrick Hill will share findings on links between Big Five personality traits and the degree of concordance between subjective and objective cognitive functioning. Second, Dr. Tomiko Yoneda uses longitudinal data to investigate personality trait predictors of transitions between cognitive states (no cognitive impairment, mild cognitive impairment, dementia) and death, as well as personality effects on cognitive healthspan (i.e., years without cognitive impairment) and total longevity. Third, Nicole Stuart used ecological momentary assessment and activity trackers to investigate links among daily stress, daily physical activity, and daily cognitive performance. Finally, Dr. Julia Sheffler will discuss how we can apply our knowledge of psychosocial and lifestyle factors in cognitive health to inform the development of interventions. She will share quantitative and qualitative findings from proof-of-concept (N=9) and pilot (N=58) studies of a nutrition intervention in older adults at risk for dementia, and she will discuss implications for lifestyle intervention development more broadly. Together, this symposium showcases how a wide range of methods can be employed to reveal the importance of psychosocial and lifestyle factors for promoting healthy cognitive aging.
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN CAREGIVER BURDEN AMONG FAMILY CAREGIVERS OF PERSONS WITH DEMENTIA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Duangjina Thitinan , Jeamjitvibool Thanakrit , Park Chang , Raszewski Rebecca , Gruss Valerie , Fritschi Cynthia 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Family caregiving for individuals with dementia is associated with high levels of burden. Caregiver burden is likely contextual and related to sociocultural norms, including those for gender. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine gender differences in caregiver burden among family caregivers of persons with dementia and to compare such gender differences across cultures. After searching five databases—CINAHL, Medline/PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Sociological Abstracts, we included relevant articles published in English through December 2022. Two independent reviewers extracted study data and assessed the risk of bias. Forty-three studies were included, and from those, 17 effect sizes were extracted for meta-analysis. We found that family caregivers providing homecare were mainly female and adult children of care recipients. Most studies used the Zarit Burden Interview to measure caregiver burden. Random-effects models revealed moderate effects of gender, with higher burden in female than in male family caregivers (d = 0.41, 95% confidence interval: 0.32 to 0.50, p&lt;.05). However, we found that only 20% of Asian studies reported effects of gender on caregiver burden, while more than half the U.S. (83.33%) and European (56.41%) studies reported gender effects. We conclude that, due to sociocultural norms, female Asian caregivers may more readily accept their caregiving role than females in other regions. Thus, future studies should include measures of cultural expectations related to caregiving. Also, researchers should more extensively explore gender-specific sources of caregiver burden before creating gender-specific caregiver interventions and social policy recommendations for alleviating the burden of female caregivers.