bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Static magnetic field measurements in residences in relation to resonance hypotheses of interactions between power‐frequency magnetic fields and humans
Authors: Kaune W. T. , Banks R. S. , Linet M. S. , Hatch E. E. , Kleinerman R. A. , Wacholder S. , Tarone R. E. , Haines C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBowman et al. used epidemiologic data to test a model in which subjects were classified as being “in‐resonance” or “not‐in‐resonance” for 60‐Hz magnetic‐field exposures depending on single static magnetic‐field measurements at the centers of their bedrooms. A second paper by Swanson concluded that a single static magnetic‐field measurement is insufficient to meaningfully characterize a residential environment. The main objective of this study was to investigate exposure‐related questions raised by these two papers in two U.S. data sets, one containing single spot measurements of static magnetic fields at two locations in homes located in eight states, and the other repeated spot measurements (seven times during the course of one year) of the static magnetic fields at the centers of bedrooms and family rooms and on the surfaces of beds in 51 single‐family homes in two metropolitan areas. Using Bowman's criterion, bedrooms were first classified as being in‐resonance or not‐in‐resonance based on the average of repeated measurements of the static magnetic field measured on the bed where the presumed important exposure actually occurred. Bedrooms were then classified a second time using single spot measurements taken at the centers of bedrooms, centers of family rooms, or on the surfaces of beds, as would be done in the typical epidemiologic study. The kappa statistics characterizing the degree of concordance between the first (on‐bed averages) and second (spot measurements) methods of assessing resonance status were 0.44, 0.33, and 0.67, respectively. This level of misclassification could significantly affect the results of studies involving the determination of resonance status. Bioelectromagnetics 22:294–305, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Magnetic fields produced by hand held hair dryers, stereo headsets, home sewing machines, and electric clocks
Authors: Kaune W.T. , Miller M.C. , Linet M.S. , Hatch E.E. , Kleinerman R.A. , Wacholder S. , Mohr A.H. , Tarone R.E. , Haines C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA recent epidemiologic study reported associations between leukemia risk in children and their personal use of television (TV) sets, hair dryers, and stereo headsets, and the prenatal use by their mothers of sewing machines. To provide exposure data to aid in the interpretation of these findings, extremely and very low frequency (ELF and VLF) magnetic fields produced by a sample of each type of appliance were characterized in a field study of volunteers conducted in Washington DC and its Maryland suburbs. Questionnaire data regarding children's or mothers' patterns of usage of each type of appliance were also collected. ELF magnetic fields measured 10 cm from the nozzles of hair dryers were elevated over the ambient by a mean factor of 17 when these devices were in use. Fields near headsets being used to listen to music were not distinguishable from ambient levels except at frequencies below and well above 60 Hz and, even then, field levels were < 0.01 μT. Home sewing machines produced ELF magnetic fields that were elevated by a factor of 2.8 over ambient levels at the front surfaces of the lower abdomens of mothers. Estimated mean daily times of usage of hair dryers, stereo headsets, and sewing machines were 2.6, 19, and 17 minutes, respectively. These data and previously published data on TV sets, do not provide a consistent picture of increased (or decreased) leukemia risk in relation to increasing peak or time weighted average (TWA) ELF magnetic field exposure. The data could, however, conceivably be compatible with some more complex biophysical model with unknown properties. Overall, the results of this study provide little evidence supporting the hypothesis that peak or TWA ELF magnetic fields produced by appliances are causally related to the risk of childhood leukemia in children. Bioelectromagnetics 23:14–25, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The development of the Drosophila genital disc
Authors: Sánchez Lucas , Guerrero Isabel 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe imaginal discs of Drosophila melanogaster, which form the adult epidermal structures, are a good experimental model for studying morphogenesis. The genital disc forms the terminalia, which are the most sexually dimorphic structures of the fly. Both sexes of Drosophila have a single genital disc formed by three primordia. The female genital primordium is derived from 8th abdominal segment and is located anteriorly, the anal primordium (10 and 11th abdominal segments) is located posteriorly, and the male genital primordium from the 9th abdominal segment lies between them. In both sexes, only two of these three primordia develop to form the adult terminalia. The anal primordium develops in both sexes but, depending on the genetic sex, will form either male or female analia. However, only one of the genital primordia develops in each sex, forming either the male or the female genitalia. This depends on the genetic sex of the fly. Therefore, the genital disc is a very good experimental model of how the sex‐determination and homeotic genes — which determine cell identity — interact to direct the development of a population of cells into male or female terminalia. It has been proposed that the sexually dimorphic development of the genital disc is the result of an integrated genetic input, made up by the sex‐determination gene doublesex and the homeotic gene Abdominal‐B. This input acts by modulating the response to Hedgehog, Wingless, and Decapentaplegic morphogenetic signals. BioEssays 23:698–707, 2001. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Organ formation in Drosophila: Specification and morphogenesis of the salivary gland
Authors: Bradley Pamela L. , Haberman Adam S. , Andrew Deborah J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe Drosophila salivary gland has emerged as an outstanding model system for the process of organ formation. Many of the component steps, from initial regional specification through cell specialization and morphogenesis, are known and many of the genes required for these different processes have been identified. The salivary gland is a relatively simple organ; the entire gland comprises of only two major cell types, which derive from a single contiguous primordium. Salivary cells cease dividing once they are specified, and organ growth is achieved simply by an increase in size of individual cells, thus eliminating concerns about the potential unequal distribution of determinants during mitosis. Drosophila salivary glands form by the same cellular mechanisms as organs in higher organisms, including regulated cell shape changes, cell intercalation and directed cell migration. Thus, learning how these events are coordinated for tissue morphogenesis in an organism for which the genetic and molecular tools are unsurpassed should provide excellent paradigms for dissecting related processes in the more intricate organs of more complicated species. BioEssays 23:901–911, 2001. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
General properties of silated hydroxyethylcellulose for potential biomedical applications
Authors: Bourges Xavier , Weiss Pierre , Coudreuse Arnaud , Daculsi Guy , Legeay Gilbert 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe general properties of hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) grafted with 3‐glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) or 3‐glycidoxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane (GPDMS) were studied for potential biomedical applications. The graft involved a Williamson reaction between the free hydroxyl function of HEC and the epoxy function of the two silanes. As the grafted silanes are in ionic form (sodium silanolate), this product remains in gel form at basic pH (>12.3) in aqueous solution. When pH decreases, sodium silanolate is transformed into silanol (2 or 3 silanol functions are carried by silicon, depending on the silane grafted). The silanols interreact, and the gel is transformed into a cross‐linking form at room or body temperature. Studies were conducted to optimise this product for specific uses.Steam sterilization was used to compare self‐hardening as a function of the silane grafted. Our previous work indicated that HEC grafted with GPTMS has good reactivity, but requires high pH for dissolution, whereas dissolution occurs at lower pH with GPMDS. The rate of silanol condensation for silated HEC was then determined as a function of pH, temperature, type of silane, and the percentage grafted. Condensation rates were ascertained by the viscosity method, and gels were neutralized by different solutions to obtain buffered forms at various pH. The time required to obtain 105 mPa · s, with an initial state of 2500 mPa · s, was then calculated. Condensation was catalysed in acid or basic medium at a lower rate at pH 5.5–6.5, and a temperature rise increased the condensation rate, regardless of the pH or silane studied. Silanetriol was more reactive than silanediol. However, as HEC lost considerable viscosity after sterilization, further studies will be conducted to develop new polysaccharides grafted with silane. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biopolymers 63: 232–238, 2002; DOI 10.1002/bip.10053
The impact of fluid‐dynamic‐generated stresses on chDNA and pDNA stability during alkaline cell lysis for gene therapy products
Authors: Chamsart S. , Patel H. , Hanak J. A. J. , Hitchcock A. G. , Nienow A. W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractExtensive tests have been carried out to assess the impact of fluid‐dynamic‐generated stress during alkaline lysis of Escherichia coli cells (host strain DH1 containing the plasmid pTX 0161) to produce a plasmid DNA (pDNA) solution for gene therapy. Both a concentric cylinder rheometer and two stirred reactors have been used, and both the alkaline addition and neutralization stages of lysis have been studied. Using a range of shear rates in the rheometer, stirrer speeds in the reactors, and different periods of exposure, their impact on chromosomal DNA (chDNA) and pDNA was assessed using agarose gel electrophoresis, a Qiagen Maxiprep with a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, and a Qiagen Miniprep purification with a UV spectrophotometer. Comparison has been made with unstressed material subjected to similar holding times. These tests essentially show that under all these conditions, <2% chDNA was present in the pDNA solution, the pDNA itself was not fragmented, and a yield of 1 mg/g cell was obtained. These results, together with studies of rheological properties, have led to the design of a 60‐L, stirred lysis reactor and the production of high‐quality pDNA solution with <1% chDNA after further purification. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 75:387–392, 2001.
Entrapment of dispersed pancreatic islet cells in CultiSpher‐S macroporous gelatin microcarriers: Preparation, in vitro characterization, and microencapsulation
Authors: Del Guerra S. , Bracci C. , Nilsson K. , Belcourt A. , Kessler L. , Lupi R. , Marselli L. , De Vos P. , Marchetti P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractImmunoprotection of pancreatic islets for successful allo‐ or xenotransplantation without chronic immunosuppression is an attractive, but still elusive, approach for curing type 1 diabetes. It was recently shown that, even in the absence of fibrotic overgrowth, other factors, mainly insufficient nutrition to the core of the islets, represent a major barrier for long‐term survival of intraperitoneal microencapsulated islet grafts. The use of dispersed cells might contribute to solve this problem due to the conceivably easier nutritional support to the cells. In the present study, purified bovine islets, prepared by collagenase digestion and density gradient purification, and dispersed bovine islet cells, obtained by trypsin and DNAsi (viability > 90%), were entrapped into either 2% (w/v) sodium alginate (commonly used for encapsulation purposes) or (dispersed islet cells only) macroporous gelatin microcarriers (CulthiSpher‐S, commonly used for the production of biologicals by animal cells). Insulin release studies in response to glucose were performed within 1 week and after 1 month from preparation of the varying systems and showed no capability of dispersed bovine islet cells within sodium alginate microcapsules to sense glucose concentration changes. On the contrary, bovine islet cells entrapped in CulthiSpher‐S microcarriers showed maintained capacity of increasing insulin secretion upon enhanced glucose concentration challenge. In this case, insulin release was approximately 60% of that from intact bovine islets within sodium alginate microcapsules. MTT and hematoxylineosin staining of islet cell‐containing microcarriers showed the presence of viable and metabolically active cells throughout the study period. This encouraging functional data prompted us to test whether the microcarriers could be immunoisolated for potential use in transplantation. The microcarriers were embedded within 3% sodium alginate, which was then covered with a poly‐L‐lysine layer and a final outer alginate layer. Maintained insulin secretion function of this system was observed, which raises the possibility of using microencapsulated CulthiSpher‐S microcarriers, containing dispersed pancreatic islet cells, in experimental transplantation studies. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 75: 741–744, 2001.
Affinity ultrafiltration: Effects of ligand binding on selectivity and process optimization
Authors: Romero Jonathan , Zydney Andrew L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe effective design of affinity ultrafiltration processes using a selective macroligand requires a detailed understanding of the effects of ligand‐binding interactions on product yield and purification. Theoretical calculations were performed to evaluate the performance of affinity diafiltration separations with both competitive and independent binding interactions for the product and impurity. The intrinsic selectivity for independent binding decreased during the diafiltration due to the increase in fractional impurity binding as the impurity is selectively removed. The opposite behavior was seen for competitive binding because the strongly bound product displaces the impurity from the binding sites. Purification‐yield diagrams were used to examine the effects of affinity‐ligand concentration and binding constants on the separation. Model calculations were in excellent agreement with experimental data for the separation of tryptophan isomers using bovine serum albumin as the steroselective macroligand. Simulations with a fixed number of diavolumes show a clear optimum in product yield and purification factor at an intermediate ligand concentration due to the competing effects of the intrinsic selectivity and the rate of impurity removal. These results provide an appropriate framework for the design and optimization of affinity ultrafiltration systems. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 77: 256–265, 2002.
Production of Acinetobacter radioresistens lipase with repeated batch culture in presence of nonwoven fabric
Authors: Lin Ying‐Chien , Wu Jau‐Yann , Chen Teh‐Liang 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCultivation of Acinetobacter radioresistens on n‐hexadecane for lipase production was investigated with repeated batch culture in the presence of a hydrophobic nonwoven fabric. Lipase production followed the growth‐associated model, and the repeated batch culture could achieve both high enzyme yield and increased volumetric productivity. The fabric was shown to be able to disperse n‐hexadecane, to adsorb the unused hydrocarbon, and to retain bioemulsifiers excreted from the cells; therefore, it enhanced cell growth and, in turn, lipase production. In the repeated batch culture in the absence of the fabric, lipase yield and volumetric productivity were found to be 21 U/mL and 875 U/L · h, respectively. However, if the fabric was equipped in the fermentor, lipase yield and volumetric productivity increased to 30 U/mL and 2500 U/L · h, respectively. The lipase production profile could be further improved by raising the amount of nitrogen source and, as a result, a lipase yield of 54 U/mL and a volumetric productivity of 2250 U/L · h were obtained. In this study we assess the beneficial effects of nonwoven fabric on lipase production. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 76: 214–218, 2001.
Does corporate environmental protection increase or decrease shareholder value? The case of environmental investments
Authors: Halme Minna , Niskanen Jyrki 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study examines share price effects of environmental investments using data from the Finnish forest industry from 1970 to 1996. The results indicate that the instantaneous market reaction is negative, and that the larger the investment, the larger the fall in prices. However, contrary to the view that corporate actions have a permanent effect on firm value, we observe rapid price recovery after the instantaneous negative reaction. This may support a hypothesis that environmental investments create goodwill for the investing firms and are thus not negative net present value investments. Unexpectedly, we find that the instantaneous negative market reaction was stronger in the most recent sample years. Explanations for this finding relate to the slowness of institutional change within the financial community as well as to the growing share of international investors seeking short‐term holding gains. In conclusion, it appears that not only finance theory but also notions from institutional theory and corporate environmental management literature are needed to explain stock price behaviour in conjunction with environmental investments. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Persistent redundant Eustachian valve interfering with Amplatzer PFO occluder placement: Anatomico‐clinical and technical implications
Authors: Onorato Eustaquio , Pera Isidoro G. , Melzi Gloria , Rigatelli Gianluca 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA 28‐year‐old man with patent foramen ovale and a prominent Eustachian valve with a history of transient ischemic attack underwent transcatheter closure using Amplatzer patent foramen ovale occluder. During deployment, some of the prominent valve tissue was entrapped on the delivery cable and a piece of the valve was extracted unintentionally. Anatomico‐clinical and technical implications are discussed. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;55:521–524. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spontaneous chirality conversion of [5]thiaheterohelicene in charge‐transfer complexes in SDS micelles
Authors: Nakagawa Hiroko , Kobori Yuuki , Yamada Koh‐Ichi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRacemic 2‐hydroxymethylthieno[3,2‐e:4,5‐e′]di[1]benzothiophene (5HM) with a labile helical structure was incorporated into aqueous SDS micelles containing (R)‐2‐(2,4,5,7‐tetranitrofluoren‐9‐ylideneaminooxy)propionic acid (TAPA) to exhibit intense induced CD (ICD). Negative Cotton effects of the ICD gradually changed to reversed Cotton effects with time or sonication. This phenomenon of chirality conversion was attributable to conformational alterations of 5HM from an (M) helix to a (P), accompanied by compositional alterations of 5HM–(R)‐TAPA charge‐transfer (CT) complexes from 1/2 to 1/1. The conversion rate from the (M) enantiomer to the (P) was obtained from the change of the ICD intensities with time and the chiral discrimination energy exerted in the 1:1 CT complex was estimated from the temperature dependence of the ICD intensities. Chirality 13:722–726, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chirality transferring [3,3] sigmatropic rearrangement of (1‐acyloxy‐2‐alkenyl)trialkylsilane synthesis of optically active vinylsilane‐containing α‐amino acid
Authors: Sakaguchi Kazuhiko , Suzuki Hiroyuki , Ohfune Yasufumi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA vinylsilane‐containing α‐amino acid and α,α‐disubstituted α‐amino acid 2 having two contiguous asymmetric carbon centers at their α and β positions were synthesized in an optically active form by ester‐enolate Claisen rearrangement of the α‐acyloxysilane 1 as the key step, where the chirality of an α‐acyloxy‐TBDMS group was completely transferred to the rearranged product. Chirality 13:357–365, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphologic features of neuroblastoma (Schwannian stroma‐poor tumors) in clinically favorable and unfavorable groups
Authors: Ambros Inge M. , Hata Jun‐ichi , Joshi Vijay V. , Roald Borghild , Dehner Louis P. , Tüchler Heinz , Pötschger M.Sc. Ulrike , Shimada Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDAfter the establishment of the International Neuroblastoma Pathology Classification system, the authors studied retrospectively the prognostic impact of morphologic features in a series of two clinically distinct subsets of patients with peripheral neuroblastic tumors (NTs), i.e., tumors in the neuroblastoma category.METHODSForty‐seven NTs categorized into either clinically favorable or unfavorable subgroups were selected randomly from 100 NTs for a histologic review that included the evaluation of 14 morphologic characteristics. The review was performed individually followed by a group review. The correlations of the prognostic significance of the individual morphologic features and the correlations among them were determined by use of odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs). The inter‐rater agreement was determined by using the Cohen κ coefficient.RESULTSTen of 14 morphologic features, including nuclear size, cellularity, prominent nucleoli in undifferentiated or poorly differentiated neuroblasts, and the number of mitotic and karyorrhectic cells (MKI), showed a significant correlation with the clinical groups (ORs between 36.9 and 10.5 and P values between < 0.001 and 0.002). In addition to the patient's age at diagnosis (OR, 7.4; 95%CI, 1.9–28.9; P = 0.002), 8 of 14 features also provided prognostic information (ORs between 35.1 and 7.9 and P values between < 0.001 and 0.039).CONCLUSIONSThis study again confirmed the prognostic impact of the criteria used in the Shimada system and revealed that some other morphologic features, such as prominent nucleoli in undifferentiated and poorly differentiated neuroblasts, identify unfavorable tumor biology, partly independent from the patient's age at diagnosis. However, the prognostic impact of these features needs to be confirmed by analysis of a large series of neuroblastic tumors. Cancer 2002;94:1574–83. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10359
Chronic myelogenous leukemia in T cell lymphoid blastic phase achieving durable complete cytogenetic and molecular remission with imatinib mesylate (STI571; Gleevec) therapy
Authors: Atallah Ehab , Talpaz Moshe , O'brien Susan , Rios Mary Beth , Guo Jie Qiang , Arlinghaus Ralph , Fernandes‐Reese Sofia , Kantarjian Hagop 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDA T cell lymphoid blastic phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a rare occurrence, with only a few reported cases worldwide. Standard therapy for such patients is undetermined. Imatinib mesylate, a Bcr‐Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has shown activity in CML.METHODSThe authors report on a patient with CML and marrow as well as extramedullary nodal T cell lymphoid blastic phase who was treated with imatinib mesylate.RESULTSThe patient achieved complete morphologic and cytogenetic remission within two months of therapy. Competitive quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of marrow cells was negative after 15 months. Response had lasted for 26+ months at the time of writing.CONCLUSIONSThe current data suggest that imatinib mesylate may produce long‐term event free survival in patients with T‐cell lymphoid blastic phase CML. Its potential role alone or in combinations should be further explored in this condition. Cancer 2002;94:2996–9. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10576