bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genealogy
Authors: Huju Kira 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Chapter 2 writes an embodied origin story of India’s fraught engagement with international society. It shows how the ambitious Nehruvian project of postcolonial solidarity and Third World reconstruction was, from the very founding of the Foreign Service, deeply intertwined with a narrower reading of ‘worldliness’ and the codes of cosmopolitan class signalling inherited through socialization under the British Raj. It locates this story in the elite educational and bureaucratic conditions of empire and analyses the lived experience and autobiographical narrations of native Indian Civil Service (ICS) officers as they are socialized into imperial bureaucracy through training at Oxbridge. It analyses how the torn sense of belonging under the Raj did not dissolve at Independence but was instead institutionalized into the very structures of the postcolonial Indian Foreign Service.
Milton, Longinus, and the Sublime in the Seventeenth Century
Authors: Vozar Thomas Matthew 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
No author in the English canon seems more deserving of the epithet sublime than John Milton. Yet Milton’s sublimity has long been dismissed as an invention of eighteenth-century criticism: the poet himself, the story goes, could hardly have had any notion of the sublime, a concept that only took shape in the decades after his death with the advent of philosophical aesthetics. Such judgments fail, however, to acknowledge the importance of the fact that Milton is one of the first writers in English to refer to Longinus, the author traditionally associated with the Ancient Greek treatise On the Sublime. This book argues that Milton did have an idea of the sublime, one that came to him from Longinus but also from a larger classical tradition that offered a pre-aesthetic predecessor of the aesthetic concept of the sublime. Far from being anachronistic, Milton’s “abstracted sublimities” touch on almost every aspect of his thought, from rhetoric to politics, from science to theology. Making substantive contributions to literary scholarship, classical reception studies, and the history of ideas, this book seeks to return the sublime to its proper place at the forefront of Milton criticism, to reevaluate the diffusion of Longinian texts and concepts in early modern Europe, and to record a crucial missing chapter in the history of the sublime.
Introduction
Authors: Vozar Thomas Matthew 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The introduction establishes the main themes of the book as a study of Milton, Longinus, and the idea of the sublime in the seventeenth century. It considers the reasons why the Miltonic sublime has for so long been dismissed as an anachronism and puts forward the claim that Milton in fact had at his disposal various notions of the sublime derived from Longinus and other sources. A philological investigation of words for the sublime in Greek, Latin, and the vernacular leads to the generation of a working definition of the sublime for the purposes of this study. The plan of the book is then outlined in detail, with summaries of the following chapters and appendices.
The Sublime from Antiquity to the Renaissance
Authors: Vozar Thomas Matthew 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Chapter 1 outlines the development of three species of the sublime in European thought from classical antiquity to the early seventeenth century: the rhetorical, the physical or natural-philosophical, and the theological. I begin with an overview of the Peri hupsous and its context in Greek rhetorical theory, which is followed by an examination of the reception of Longinus and the Longinian sublime in early modern Europe. This provides the necessary background to the rhetorical species of sublimity, or a certain notion of lofty style, as it would have been understood by Milton and his contemporaries. I then provide sketches of the other two species of the sublime, the physical and the theological. The historical exposition furnished here prepares the ground for the subsequent chapters on Milton, each of which takes as its focus one of the three species of the sublime.
Thinking About the Revolution
Authors: Balbi Gabriele 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on long-standing narratives repeated for decades, which I have called mantras: the disruptive character of the revolution (after the digital revolution, nothing will be the same as before); the fact that it involves the totality of human beings and spheres of action; the fact that it is irresistible and, indeed, that opposing it is counterproductive; the fact that the revolution is never completed but will need to be happening continually (the future is the favorite tense of the digital revolution); finally, as Trotsky and others said of the Russian Revolution, it is a permanent phenomenon which has lasted for decades and will last into the future. All these mantras are buzzwords and tropes of the digital revolution which are assigned to it without much reflection. Deconstructing their origins and the reasons why they persist over time is the ultimate goal of this chapter.
Towards a More Promising Trajectory for Human Rights Due Diligence as Transnational Labour Law
Authors: Landau Ingrid 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter considers how human rights due diligence (HRDD) could be embedded in law in a way that would increase its potential effectiveness as a tool of transnational labour law. In doing so, it draws upon three strands of literature introduced earlier in the book: transnational labour law, regulatory theory, and legal endogeneity theory. The chapter emphasises the importance of maintaining HRDD’s broad purpose and scope and of embedding enforceable rights for workers and their representatives throughout the HRDD process. These include rights to information, to consultation, and to enforcement. It also considers appropriate national oversight and dispute resolution mechanisms for HRDD regulation. The final part of the chapter emphasises the importance of securing improvements to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development National Contact Point system.
The Turn to Metrics in International Environmental Law
Authors: Ellis Jaye 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
International environmental law has long incorporated quantitative approaches, such as targets and timetables for emissions reduction, and more recently has begun measuring progress towards goals through indicators, which condense a great deal of data concerning complex phenomena into a simple form, often expressed as a number. This trend has greatly accelerated with the 2015 adoption by the United Nations of the Sustainable Development Goals: metrics such as goals, targets, and indicators are now at the centre of the UN’s flagship sustainability initiative. This chapter examines whether this turn to metrics should also be understood as a turn away from law. Through an analysis of the Paris Agreement, and certain features of the climate change regime more generally, it considers some of the most important limitations of metrics and the crucial contributions that law, understood as a normative framework, makes to environmental governance.
World Trade Law and the Rise of China
Authors: Kiderlin Nina Teresa 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter traces China’s rise in the World Trade Organization (WTO) through a case study of changes in subsidy regulation, with a view toward understanding how China utilizes domestic legal capacity in international trade disputes. Change processes in international trade law have largely occurred through shifts in interpretation by WTO dispute settlers, highlighting the centrality of the ‘judicial’ path of change. China has been among the successful change agents using this path at the WTO, advancing its global economic and political position. Pressures of geopolitics are encapsulated within the case of subsidy regulation. Subsidy rules seemed relatively settled for several years before the dispute settlement mechanisms took a step back from the original US-favoured interpretation. The changes, which incorporated non-US favoured views, represent a test for whether the institution can accommodate a strong non-market-based economy and can strike a balance between the demands of different types of economies.
Epilogue: Fragmentary Thoughts on Informal Change
Authors: Chimni BS 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The problem of change in the international system is of central concern to students of international law. The present volume, dedicated to the phenomenon of informal change, conceptualizes and documents several instances of norm adaptation. It thereby offers important theoretical insights into the nature and functioning of the international legal order. It helps among other things to underscore the relative autonomy of the legal order, ie how its internal structure, logic, and dynamics create space for informal change. But while the volume makes a significant contribution to understanding the conditions and pathways of informal change, the direction of these changes, and their cumulative impact, do not receive sufficient attention, in particular from the perspective of weak nations.
The People’s Drink in the Racial State
Authors: Terrell Robert Shea 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter analyzes conflicts over beer during the Nazi dictatorship. Over the course of the regime, public health officials, propagandists, and administrators in the food and agriculture apparatuses worked either to reduce German beer consumption or intervene in brewing standards. Some of these interventions were ideological, tied to the central place of public and racial health in the Nazi worldview. Others were more practical, part and parcel of managing resources and national nutrition in the course of the war. In response, administrators and ideologues confronted opposition from regional brewers and legislators who repeatedly repulsed state intervention by invoking not only traditions but also the possibility of widespread consumer unrest. While Bavarians led the charge, industrial and political allies in Baden and Württemberg quickly formed a chorus of southern Germans presenting a unified vision of beer as the national drink of the German people. More than a history of the “room for manoeuver” retained by private enterprise in Nazi Germany, these conflicts over the people’s drink in the racial state represented political skirmishes over who the German people were and what their social, economic, and cultural life looked like.
Making a National Icon
Authors: Terrell Robert Shea 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter analyzes the process by which the Reinheitsgebot, or Beer Purity Law, transformed from a relatively unknown production standard into a national commercial icon of the Federal Republic. The Reinheitsgebot became ubiquitous in two conflicts of market integration as Bavarian and later West German brewers and legislators framed integration as an affront to their commercial and cultural lives. In the so-called Süßbierstreit, or conflict over sweet beer, brewers and regulators in Old Bavaria sought to stem the tide of West German market integration in the form of non-Bavarian beer entering Franconia, the culturally contested areas of northern Bavaria. In the 1950s and 1960s, the Franconian borderlands became the object of battles over cultural, economic, and regulatory supremacy between Munich and Bonn. The second conflict followed a parallel trajectory but was initiated by west European market integration and set West Germans in opposition to imports from other member states of the European Economic Community. Here, capital and regulatory influence in Munich led the way, but West German regulators and consumer groups likewise joined the charge to rally behind market protectionism. Challenging the mythos of the innate place of the Reinheitsgebot in Germany, this chapter shows it was a product of market protectionism that rallied regulators and consumers alike in defense of industrial interests.
The Munich Effect
Authors: Terrell Robert Shea 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter telescopes Munich beer into the global register by following exports of Löwenbräu into international contexts. It specifically shows how Löwenbräu not only became the cutting edge of Bavarian exports in the decades after the Second World War, but also how its work with importers and marketers around the world transformed the global imaginary of Germany itself. For the Munich company, exports provided a strategy for rebuilding their destroyed business. Around the world, the high price point led importers and marketers to push the brand not only as a high-quality beer but also as part of an authentic German drinking experience. From Detroit to Hong Kong, the presence of Löwenbräu lent credibility to the proliferation of Oktoberfests, beer gardens, and beer cellars—venues where consumers could approximate an apparently authentic German cultural experience. While shaping the market scaffolding that would ensure sales, people in diverse fields—from patent law to advertising and from event organizing to international diplomacy—produced meanings about the product and its consumption that took on larger significance for global re-imaginings of Germany. In selling beer, this network of businesspeople also sold an image of Germany that departed from and potentially displaced the legacies of Nazism, projecting instead a jovial, unthreatening land of beer drinkers.
The Laws of Nature
Authors: Fisher John 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Bradley displayed a mastery of the Principia and asserted that all natural scientific knowledge claims should be based on observation and experiment. Bradley’s course in experimental philosophy began with a polemic directed against Aristotle and Descartes, and all systems based on first principles. The laws of motion led to an examination of every branch of physical science, including hydrostatics, pneumatics, and optics. There was a conservative reaction not just against Bradley’s course, but the entire thrust of the new natural philosophy, for many with religious sensibilities viewed the reversal of the traditional hierarchies of knowledge with alarm. Bradley avoided religious controversy but as a leading educator in the physical sciences he became a symbol of the new values.
Observations Beyond Compare
Authors: Fisher John 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The final decade of Bradley’s working life was centred on the survey of the stars, observed by Bradley and his assistants down to magnitude 8, visible from the Royal Observatory. These observations were reduced by Bessel and published in 1818; the reduction involved developing new methods that formed the foundations of nineteenth century positional astronomy. Bradley’s discovery of both the aberration of light and the nutation of the Earth’s axis had earlier laid the foundations of eighteenth century astrometry, while his Greenwich observations laid the bed on which Bessel’s great achievement was made. Both Bradley and Bessel were concerned with the problems of observational error and those of perceptual bias, that is, with seeing what the observer wants to see.
Conclusion
Authors: Fisher John 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Bradley’s work culminated the classical age of astrometry, later superseded by advances in technology and new methodologies. His work witnessed the beginnings of modern scientific practice. The dispute over ownership of his Greenwich observations and the lack of urgency in publishing or releasing the registers devalued them. Their scientific value remained hidden until the observations were reduced by Bessel from 1807 to 1818. It was Bessel who termed Bradley’s observations as ‘incomparabilis’ because of the observational detail. This included records of all the possible sources of error, including variables such as barometric and thermometric records or clock errors, even including the ‘personal equation’ the slight variations in the observing practice between Bradley and his assistants. There is a contrast between Flamsteed and Bradley, particularly in their respective use of patronage or other forms of social or political support. The importance of James Pound is emphasized in the work and patronage enjoyed by Bradley. The work on aberration, nutation, and precession and the value of Bradley’s innovations in observation as well as his organizational skills laid the foundations of astronomical science in the eighteenth century. His work accompanied the rise of the importance of highly skilled artisans, protected by a robust patent system, who made the instruments that made Bradley’s work possible. Bradley’s nescience is discussed.
Anti-vax Protests
Authors: della Porta Donatella 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter looks at the evolution of different waves of anti-vax protests. In order to assess both the variety and the radicality of the protests, data from protest event analysis and video data analysis on the Italian case will be used to look first at the time and spatial evolution of the protests, then at the actors present in them and finally the forms of action employed. In particular, the chapter shows the diversity between two waves of protests, which were in fact separated by a low ebb. Following this, it compares the Italian case with the German and the Greek cases, looking at the former as an example of sustained protest and at the latter as one instead of very limited anti-vax contention. It concludes with some general observations on the interaction of waves within cycles, as an important theoretical contribution from the protest event analysis.
Organizing the Anti-vax Protests
Authors: della Porta Donatella 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The chapter analyses the disembedded crowdsourced organizational model which characterized the anti-vax protests. The research on the Italian case shows, in particular, how movement entrepreneurs distributed resources for mobilization, targeting specific constituencies that they encouraged to self-organize. While actions tended to remain localized, unstable committees (at times even in the form of political parties) formed in order to launch local protests in various cities as well as a number of national events. Resources were especially invested in social media campaigns that spread fake news relating to the virus and vaccines, as well as conspiracy theories concerning plots designed to deprive citizens of their rights or even to kill them in order to solve the problem of overpopulation. The comparison with the German and Greek cases shows similarities in the crowdsourced organizational model, but also diversity in terms of the capacity of anti-vax groups to embed themselves in a broader environment.
Introduction
Authors: Jha Vyoma 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In 2015, on the first day of the Paris climate talks, India and France Jointly announced the International Solar Alliance (ISA). In less than two years, the ISA—led by India and backed primarily by developing countries—became a legal entity. This book presents a case study on the making of the ISA as a new international organization. The introductory chapter introduces the book’s main purpose and arguments. It positions the book within existing scholarship and explains the motivating questions behind the empirical investigation into the creation of the ISA as a treaty-based international organization. The book is propelled by the contention that the treaty-making process invites research and analysis, particularly since there are so few instances of developing countries being at the forefront of international rule-making. It goes on to describe the research design and methods, and lays down the structure of the book.
Topological Quantum
Authors: Simon Steven H. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
At the intersection of physics, mathematics, and computer science, an exciting new field of study has formed, known as “topological quantum.” This research field examines the deep connections between the theory of knots, special types of subatomic particles known as anyons, certain phases of matter, and quantum computation. This book elucidates this nexus, drawing in topics ranging from quantum gravity to topology to experimental condensed matter physics. Requiring only an elementary background in quantum mechanics, this book is appropriate for all readers, from advanced undergraduates to the professional practitioner. The material in presented in a down-to-earth and entertaining way that is far less abstract than most of what is in the literature. While introducing the crucial concepts and placing them in context, the subject is presented without resort to the highly mathematical category theory that underlies the field. This book will be of interest to mathematicians and computer scientists as well as physicists working on a wide range of topics. “Topological quantum” has increasingly been a focus point in the fields of condensed matter physics and quantum information over the last few decades, and the forefront of research now builds on the basic ideas presented in this book. Those interested in working in these field will find this book to be an invaluable introduction as well as a crucial reference.
Kauffman Bracket Invariant and Relation to Physics
Authors: Simon Steven H. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We introduce the idea of a knot invariant using the Kauffman bracket as an example and explore a few key ideas of knot theory. We then make the relationship to physical topological quantum systems whose dynamics are determined by knot invariants. We show the relationship to quantum mechanics and briefly argue that quantum computation can be done with such topological quantum systems. We mention some of the experimental systems that are topological, particularly including fractional quantum Hall effect.
Chern–Simons Theory Basics
Authors: Simon Steven H. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We give a brief introduction to Chern-Simons theory starting with Abelian Chern-Simons theory and making the connection to the charge-flux model. We discuss the vacuum partition function and the idea of a manifold invariant. We then move on to discuss Nonabelian Chern-Simons theory and the idea of Wilson loop operations, and Witten’s famous connection between knot invariants and Chern-Simons theory. The Chern-Simons theory is a paradigm for topological quantum field theories or TQFTs.
Exchanging Identical Particles
Authors: Simon Steven H. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Having established the structure of the Hilbert space of multiple anyons, we now discuss the effects of braiding the anyons around each other. We introduce the idea of an R-matrix and emphasize the importance of locality. Using R and F together we can fully describe any braiding of identical particles. We again use Fibonacci and Ising anyons as simple examples.
Planar Diagrams
Authors: Simon Steven H. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We return to study planar diagram algebras as in chapters 8 and 9, but now more formally. We define diagrams as being operators that can be "stacked" on top of each other. We pay particular attention to properties of diagrams such as completeness of states and orthonormality of basis vectors, and we again review the use of F-matrices for change of basis. We discuss the implications of causality for these diagrams, and to what extent diagrams can be deformed in the plane. We give explicit detailed rules for evaluating planar diagrams.