bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
News War in New York
Authors: Procter Ben 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For William Randolph Hearst, no place in the world held a greater attraction than New York City in the fall of 1895. Here was the center of American business activity, the hub of high society in the United States, the mecca for millions of immigrants who desired to pursue the ‘‘.American Dream;’ the siren’s song for rural Americans who sought the excitement and glamor of a city on the move. On every corner, change was readily apparent. Skyscrapers, pointing majestically upward, followed the innovative principle set forth by architect Louis Sullivan that “form follows function:’ They increasingly dotted the horizon. Elevated trains, in a rumbling cacophony of grinding starts and stops, roared continuously throughout many areas of the metropolis, bringing hordes of people into the center of the city to work, and returning them home again at the end of the day. Electric lights illuminated the streets, enhancing urban night life with glittering theaters and quality restaurants such as Delmonico’s. Electric wiring for telephones was also increasingly evident. All these factors made New Yorkers realize that technology was changing their lives from year to year, if not from day to day.
Yellow Journalism
Authors: Procter Ben 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As the United States progressed toward the twentieth century, a new spirit seemed to arise throughout the land, one of new identity, of confident optimism, at times of bellicose chauvinism. In 1893, historian Frederick Jackson Turner announced that Americans were uniquely different from all other peoples of the world. Through their efforts in conquering each succeeding American frontier from the Atlantic to the Pacific over the past three centuries, they had formulated democratic institutions and fashioned a way of life far superior to that of their European counterparts. They should therefore be justly proud of their history and traditions and accomplishments-and they were. Through the discovery and exploitation of such fabulous natural resources as oil and gas, coal and iron ore, gold and silver, the United States had become the fore-most industrial power in the world, surpassing both England and Germany. Five transcontinental railroads, their iron tentacles inextricably linking together the agrarian and urban areas of the nation, had created new markets and numerous jobs for a population nearing seventy-five million. And American ingenuity, as evidenced by the genius of Thomas Alva Edison and Alexander Graham Bell, seemed to illustrate the manifold blessings of a free society as well as the obvious advantages of a democratic system of government.
“Patron Saint” of the Independents
Authors: Procter Ben 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On the night of November 12, 1906, six days after the election of Charles Evans Hughes as governor of New York, the successful candidates of the Independence League and the Democratic state ticket honored William Randolph Hearst with an impressive banquet at Delmonico’s. They surely had ample reasons to do so. Because the just concluded contest for leadership in New York had far-reaching political ramifications-the winner being a likely contender for the presidential nomination in 1908-Hearst had attracted considerable attention from national periodicals, whose editors had, in turn, assigned prominent journalists to evaluate his life and ideas. Although James Creelman, who was no longer an employee of the American, wrote a favorable appraisal in Pearsons Magazine, Hearst suffered scathing criticisms in a four-part series by Frederick Palmer in Colliers and by Lincoln Steffens in The American Magazine, so much so that Hearst advised his mother that “those articles are outrageous Don’t read them.
The Development and Scope of Organization Studies
Authors: Pfeffer Jeffrey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We live in an organizational world. Virtually all of us are born in an organization -a hospital-with our very existence ratified by a state agency that issues a certificate documenting our birth. Under the current U.S. income tax regulations, if we are going to be claimed as a dependent on someone’s tax return, within the first year of our life we will be issued a social security number by an agency of the federal government. When we die, a death certificate will be issued by another public bureaucracy and our passing may be announced by a newspaper organization.
Organizational Performance
Authors: Pfeffer Jeffrey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One important goal of organization studies is not only to be able to explain and predict outcomes within organizations but also to be able to understand why some organizations fare better than others. There is, of course, substantial managerial interest in understanding performance, but there are theoretical reasons as well for attempting to explain why some organizations do better than others. Performance differences, once generally apprehended, will almost certainly lead to attempts to mimic the more effective organizations. In that sense, performance differences create pressures for imitation.
Knowledge-Driven Work
Authors: Cutcher-Gershenfeld Joel , Nitta Michio , Barrett Betty J , Belhedi Nejib , Chow Simon Soi-Chung , Inaba Takashi , lshino lwao , Lin Wen-Jeng , Moore Michael , Mothersell William M , Palthe Jennifer , Ramanand Shobha , Strolle Mark E , Wheaton Arthur C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The daily work experiences of people in almost any part of the world are shaped by workplace innovations. Despite the vast diffusion of work practices, little is known about what it means for a company in the region to identify what it sees as the best practice and then introduce these practices in another culture which are less visible than the global exchange of products and services, but more significant. This book provides us with a close up of eight Japanese affiliated manufacturing facilities operating in the United States and the beginnings of a reverse diffusion of innovation back to Japan. The key finding in this book is that massive global diffusion of work practices rests on something very fragile. This is the process by which individuals and groups of people come to new understandings that enable them to adopt new work practices. It is a process termed “virtual knowledge”, which can be found at that critical time when understandings are still in formation. Also , the book reveals how some organizations have anticipated and channeled virtual knowledge that is constantly emerging from different groups in the organization. This turns out to be the core building block for continuous improvement in operations and is central to the process of diffusion. The process is part of a much larger process of global diffusion from Japan, the United States and other nations to all parts of the world.
Cross-Cultural Diffusion
Authors: Cutcher-Gershenfeld Joel , Nitta Michio , Barrett Betty J , Belhedi Nejib , Chow Simon Soi-Chung , Inaba Takashi , lshino lwao , Lin Wen-Jeng , Moore Michael , Mothersell William M , Palthe Jennifer , Ramanand Shobha , Strolle Mark E , Wheaton Arthur C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Success in a global economy requires mastery of the diffusion of innovation. Diffusion of knowledge-driven work systems is increasingly a primary source of competitive advantage for business. Its importance equals such traditional sources of competitive advantage as capital, technology, and geography. New production techniques and work orga-nization systems are central to the dramatic gains that can be achieved in quality and productivity.
Implications
Authors: Cutcher-Gershenfeld Joel , Nitta Michio , Barrett Betty J , Belhedi Nejib , Chow Simon Soi-Chung , Inaba Takashi , lshino lwao , Lin Wen-Jeng , Moore Michael , Mothersell William M , Palthe Jennifer , Ramanand Shobha , Strolle Mark E , Wheaton Arthur C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During our visits to the organizations discussed in this book, we continually met people whose work and personal lives were changing in fundamental ways. Driving the changes were the many aspects of diffusion and knowledge creation. These words-”diffusion” and “knowledge creation”-are our words, not necessarily the words that would be used by the people we met. From them, we mostly heard about the process of change-working, interacting, and even thinking in new ways. Most striking was that many of these people reported with great conviction that they were creating a better way of working.
Introduction
Authors: Myers-Scotton Carol 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As The Title of this volume indicates, the subject is the selection of one linguistic code (or variety) rather than one or more others and its consequences. Code and variety are cover terms for linguistic systems at any level, from separate languages to dialects of a single language to styles or substyles within a single dialect. As all linguists know, they are useful-even necessaryterms because the divisions between linguistic systems are not always discrete. In the intended meaning here, consequences are easier to label, although this does not mean they are necessarily separable, either. The consequences considered here have to do witheither effects on ease of cognitive processing or social/psychological effects.
Marked Grammatical Structures: Communicating Intentionality in The Great Gatsby and As I Lay Dying
Authors: Myers-Scotton Carol 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
However, this chapter provides a stylistic analysis of the less obvious aspects of the style of Fitzgerald and Faulkner than either the crafting of metaphors and similes or the perfection of the point-of-view technique. Here, we consider the interplay of syntax and what I call cognitive weight. Kintsch (197 4) reported that reading times increase as a function of the number of propositions in the text. Even controlling for other factors, such as the number of words in the text, does not alter the result.
DP-Related Functional Projections and Negative Phrases
Authors: Cinque Guglielmo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
So far, nothing has been said about the distribution of DPs and of negation. The enlarged functional structure of the clause suggested here, however, has direct implications regarding their positions. Consider first DPs. If AdvPs occur in the specifier of distinct, rigidly ordered, functional projections, the fact that DPs (and floating quantifiers, as a special case) can be found interspersed among them implies the existence of several DP-related positions (many more than is usually assumed). This, in turn, raises the question of whether such positions are themselves specifier positions, adjunction positions (or a combination of the two).
Analyzing Pacific Rim Networks and Markets
Authors: Fruin W Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although the world is large and human behavior diverse, there are just a few basic ways of getting things done organizationally. The three most common models and ideal types of organization are hierarchies (as bureaucracies and firms are often called), markets, and networks. Because the attention paid to hierarchies and markets has far outweighed that given to networks, in this book we underscore the importance of network organizations in and around the Pacific Rim.
Patterns of Asian Network Capitalism, The Cases of Taiwan and South Korea
Authors: Hamilton Gary G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A passage from Perry Anderson’s excellent essay on “The Asiatic Mode of Production” sets the tone for this chapter. After lengthy discussion of the literature on the Asiatic mode of production, Anderson (1974, p. 549) concluded with the following “procedural lesson”: Asian development cannot in any way be reduced to a uniform residual category, left over after the canons of European evolution have been established. Any serious theoretical exploration of the historical field outside ... Europe will have to supersede traditional and generic contrasts with it, and proceed to a concrete and accurate typology of social formations and State systems in their own right, which respects their very great differences of structure and development. It is merely in the night of our ignorance that all alien shapes take on the same hue.
To Sue or Keiretsu, A Comparison of Partnering in the United States and Japan
Authors: Dyer Jeffrey H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Since the 1980s, the advantages and disadvantages of the Japanese keiretsu have been hotly debated in the popular press and by academics. Proponents of keiretsu­ style alliances argue that interfirm alliances are key to Japanese business success and are something to be emulated. Opponents call for the dismantling of the keiretsu because they do not allow for open, free market competition. But both proponents and opponents of keiretsu relationships agree on one issue: Keiretsu relationships are substantially different from the traditional arms-length relationships that have tended to characterize interfirm relationships in the United States. Moreover, both sides agree that understanding the dynamics of keiretsu relationshipshow and why they work-is extremely important.
Business in its Public Policy Environment
Authors: Rosenthal Sandra B , Buchholz Rogene A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The conflation of government and business with public policy and the market has been a major factor in the tendency to view a theory of public policy as one more competing theory among stakeholder, social contract, and other theories of the firm, with public policy theory having lost ground as these others gain adherents. For example, in stakeholder diagrams, government is seen as just another stakeholder, analogous to the way in which some popular political models portray business as just another interest group competing for political favors.
Business in its Global Environment
Authors: Rosenthal Sandra B , Buchholz Rogene A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The pragmatic understanding of the global context for multinational corporations reflects, in enlarged fashion, its understanding of community as developed in earlier chapters. This chapter, then, will be not so much an introduction of new ideas as a recasting in a global perspective of some of the themes that have been thus far developed. The traditional conflict between the individual and the community emerges on the global scene and manifests itself through two interrelated but conflicting trends. On the one hand, much of the world’s cultural diversity is being destroyed through global assimilation. At the same time, and as a counter to this, ethnic, religious, and other cultural groups are militantly defining themselves in opposition to this threat of assimilation.1 As Mark Sagoff encapsulates the dilemma, neither assimilation nor the militant opposition to market forces offers a plausible path to cultural survival.
Otoko Shakai, A Man’s World Organizational Culture and Work
Authors: Renshaw Jean R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We live in the age of corporate organisms. Though no formal announcements have been issued, it’s becoming harder to ignore that they have wrested control of the earth from homo sapiens and supplanted us as the planet’s dominant species. It is the multinationals, government bureaucracies, religious hierarchies, military bodies, et al., not individual humans, that generate our era’s character, its patterns of wealth and poverty, its technological progress and ecological peril, its entertainment and political agenda. They have, in short, taken over and nowhere more so than in Japan.
Glass Ceilings and Shoji Screens Perception and Reality in the Workplace
Authors: Renshaw Jean R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Women, by way of straight and crooked paths, are making their way into Japanese companies, businesses, and professions and are moving into management positions. Even so, they are rarely found in top management. They are close to top management, see and interact with the top, but an infinitesimally small number make it. The phenomenon of being able to see the top of an organization, to be within sight and reach but not able to make one’s way through, has been termed the “glass ceiling,” a vivid image of the position of people with top management in sight but unable to break through. Only 1 percent of Japanese working women are managers, and they are concentrated in lower and middle management. This percentage has remained constant over the last two decades, while the percentage of working men in management has decreased slightly in the same period, from 7.8 percent in 1975 to 6.6 percent in 1994.
Introduction
Authors: Ura Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Generative grammar, initiated by Noam Chomsky more than forty years ago, has been developed as a program to characterize the knowledge of a native speaker about his/her natural language as a formal and explicit system to generate all and only the representations that underlie the grammatical sentences in a natural language. Thus, it is primarily concerned with states of the language faculty, which is supposed to be some array of cognitive traits and capacities, that is a particular component of the human mind/brain. Here, it is curious to note that the so-called Principles-and-Parameters approach (PP approach) (cf. Chomsky and Lasnik 1993) has been trying to reach its goal by abstracting patterns within a single language or by comparing a few languages, which are sometimes very similar (cf. Kayne 1996) and sometimes genetically different from each other (cf. Fukui 1995).
Anti-Impersonal Passives
Authors: Ura Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is a widely held view that in a “passive” clause, the logical (underlying) object (i.e., OBJ) assumes the subject properties that the logical (underlying) subject (i.e., SUBJ) would assume in an “active” clause, and that passivization accompanies some syntactic and morphological changes (see Siewierska 1984, Keenan 1985, P. K. Andersen 1991, and Palmer 1994). Within the theory of Relational Grammar the derivation of a passive sentence involves two changes of syntactic relation to the underlying structure: On the one hand, the logical, underlying object (OBJ) is so changed by the passivization as to assume GR subject (i.e., obj promotion); on the other, the logical, underlying subject (SUBJ) is so changed by the operation as to assume no GR (i.e., subj demotion) (cf. Perlmutter and Postal 1983, Postal 1986, and Blake 1990).
The Theater of Our Century
Authors: Shandler Jeffrey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Among television programs aired in the United States during the 1940s and 1950s, those that have most influenced how Americans understand the Holocaust are, arguably, dramas. These include original plays by such pioneering television playwrights as Paddy Chayefsky, Reginald Rose, and Rod Serling, and they feature performances by John Cassavetes, Charles Laughton, Robert Redford, and Maximilian Schell, among other renowned actors. These productions offered to American audiences some of the first portrayals of the Warsaw Ghetto uprising, Anne Frank’s diary, and life and death in concentration camps.
A Guest In the Wasteland
Authors: Shandler Jeffrey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The years between the Eichmann trial of 1961 and the premiere broadcast of the miniseries Holocaust in 1978 constitute a transition in televised presentations of the Holocaust. Critics have often characterized American television programming during these years as routinized, lacking the innovativeness of the 1950s, and, at its worst, having devolved into a cultural “wasteland.” At the same time, the 1960s and 1970s witnessed the rise of television to a preeminent status among America’s mass media. Similarly, while this period offered no major works to rival the landmark broadcasts at its boundaries, the years between 1961 and 1978 saw the Holocaust become an increasingly frequent, even routine, presence on American television.
Psychosocial Genetic Counseling
Authors: Weil Jon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Psychosocial issues are integral to all genetic counselling interactions. They include counsellees’ beliefs about the cause of birth defects and genetic disorders, the cognitive procession of medical information and risk figures, emotions such as anxeity and guilt, and the complex process of decision making. Drawing on direct clinical experience and the growing body of relevant literatue, Psychosocial Genetic Counseling provides a comprehensive, integrated approach to understanding these issues and their applications to genetic counselling. The book combines theoretical and practical approaches, including many clinical vignettes and examples of dialogue. It is written in an engaging style that conveys the emotional immediacy of genetic counselling. The emotional and social effects of genetic disorders are discussed with reference to the individual and to couple, family, and social interactions. Counselling techniques and the agenda of the genetic counselling session are then addressed in detail. Specialized aspects of prenatal diagnosis counselling, cancer risk counselling, and genetic counselling with children and adolescents are integrated with these general principles. Nondirective counselling and the psychology of risk interpretation and decision making are discussed from theoretical and historical perspectives, leading to recommendations for their application to clinical practice. The influences of ethnocultural history, beliefs and practices, for counsellee and counsellor, are then discussed as they enter into all aspects of genetic counselling.
Intestinal Amebae
Authors: Gutierrez Yezid 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, we will study members of the class Entamoebidae, containing the order Amoebida, which includes many parasitic and free-living amebae with naked protoplasts (see Chapter 6). Most parasitic genera and species of the Amoebidae inhabit the alimentary canal of most known vertebrates and of some invertebrates. Of the three genera found in humans, Entamoeba definitely belongs in this family, while Endolimax and lodamoeba are assigned to it provisionally (Corliss, 1994). These genera have several species living in the colon and one species living in the mouth, and they are still separated on the basis of the morphologic characteristics of the nucleus. The separation of some species of Entamoeba important to humans on the basis of their morphology is no longer possible; molecular analysis is required.
The Ciliates
Authors: Gutierrez Yezid 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Balantidium coli belongs to the phylum Ciliophora of the kingdom Protista, which comprises all protozoa with cilia and mitochondria with tubular, often curved cristae, which in anaerobic species may be replaced by hydrogenosomes (Corliss, 1994). These protozoa have one or more diploid micronuclei and one or more polyploid macronuclei. Conjugation or another related process used in sexual reproduction is also present in this group. Most species of the Ciliophora are free-living, and a few are parasitic; all species of the genus Balantidium are parasitic. The taxonomy of this genus is difficult to determine, and the genus is not well defined. One species, B. coli, has been recognized in the large intestine of many animals, including rats (Awakian, 1937), in primates suffering from diarrhea (Cockburn, 1948), and in humans (Beaver et al. 1984).