bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Process–form relationships in Southern Italian badlands: erosion rates and implications for landform evolution
Authors: Clarke Michèle L. , Rendell Helen M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractCharacteristic badlands are incised into Plio‐Pleistocene clays in Basilicata, southern Italy, creating steep, scarp slopes with knife‐edge ridges (calanchi) and small dome‐shaped forms (biancane). Erosion pin data for the period 1997–2003 give mean annual erosion rates for dome‐shaped biancane in the range 9–19 mm a−1, while rates for the calanchi scarps are lower, at 7–10 mm a−1. The erosion pin data also show a non‐linear relationship with slope angle. Maximum erosion rates coincide with a slope angle of 35°, within an envelope defined by combining the theoretical effects of both rainsplash and surface weathering. Monitoring of surface changes and erosion rates for two 0·5 m2cleared swathes on biancane forms reveals a complex relationship between weathering and erosion. Characteristic forms can develop from large blocks of intact clay bedrock over a time period of less than 30 a. The implications of the measured erosion rates for the landform association of mountain front/pediment/domed inselberg are explored. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rainfall characteristics for shallow landsliding in Seattle, Washington, USA
Authors: Godt Jonathan W. , Baum Rex L. , Chleborad Alan F. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractShallow landsliding in the Seattle, Washington, area, has caused the occasional loss of human life and millions of dollars in damage to property. The effective management of the hazard requires an understanding of the rainfall conditions that result in landslides. We present an empirical approach to quantify the antecedent moisture conditions and rainstorm intensity and duration that have triggered shallow landsliding using 25 years of hourly rainfall data and a complementary record of landslide occurrence. Our approach combines a simple water balance to estimate the antecedent moisture conditions of hillslope materials and a rainfall intensity–duration threshold to identify periods when shallow landsliding can be expected. The water balance is calibrated with field‐monitoring data and combined with the rainfall intensity–duration threshold using a decision tree. Results are cast in terms of a hypothetical landslide warning system. Two widespread landslide events are correctly identified by the warning scheme; however, it is less accurate for more isolated landsliding. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reinforcement‐learning‐based self‐organisation for cell configuration in multimedia mobile networks
Authors: Liao Ching‐Yu , Yu Fei , Leung Victor C. M. , Chang Chung‐Ju 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIn future wireless code division multiple access (WCDMA) cellular networks, random user mobility and time‐varying multimedia traffic activity make the system design of coverage and capacity become a challenging issue. To utilise radio resource efficiently, it is crucial for cellular networks to have the capability ofself‐organisationfor cell configuration, which can configure service coverage and system capacity dynamically to balance traffic loads among cells by being aware of the system situation. This paper proposes a reinforcement‐learning‐based self‐organisation scheme for cell configuration in multimedia mobile networks, which takes into account both pilot power allocation and call admission control mechanisms. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme improves system performance significantly compared to the conventional fixed pilot power allocation scheme and the scheme in which only pilot power is adjusted dynamically but the criterion of the call admission control is not coupled to it. Copyright © 2005 AEIT.
System for automated diagnosis in cellular networks based on performance indicators
Authors: Barco Raquel , Wille Volker , Díez Luis 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis paper presents a system for automated diagnosis of problems in a cellular network, which comprises a method and a model. The reasoning method, based on a naive Bayesian classifier, can be applied to the identification of the fault cause in GSM/GPRS, 3G or multi‐systems networks. A diagnosis model for GSM/GPRS radio access networks is also described, whose elements are available in the network management systems (NMSs) of most networks. It is shown that the statistical relations among the elements, that is the quantitative part of the model, under certain assumptions, can be completely specified by means of the parameters of beta density functions. In order to support the theoretical concepts, a model has been built based on data from a real network and the automated diagnosis system has been used to classify problems in a cellular network, showing that the solution is easily implemented and that the diagnosis accuracy is very high, therefore leading to a reduction in the operational costs of running the network. Copyright © 2005 AEIT.
Self‐organised peering of wireless LAN hotspots
Authors: Efstathiou Elias C. , Polyzos George C. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe argue that access to wireless LAN (WLAN) hotspots can be shared in a peer‐to‐peer manner. In the hotspot‐sharing scheme that we propose, peers are encouraged to keep their residential WLANs open, offering Internet access to peers passing by. We call our scheme peer‐to‐peer wireless network confederation (P2PWNC). Payments in P2PWNC are only ‘in kind’. We are motivated by the widespread availability of wireless LAN equipments and the proliferation of residential broadband connections. P2PWNC enables unified wireless LAN roaming without central authorities and without the administrative overhead that is usually associated with such efforts. In this paper, we present and evaluate the decentralised design of P2PWNC. Copyright © 2005 AEIT.
A self‐organising protocol for Bluetooth scatternet formation
Authors: Roy Rajarshi , Kumar Mukesh , Sharma Navin K. , Sural Shamik 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe propose a self‐organising protocol for Bluetooth topology construction in which scatternet structures are maintained even in the presence of dynamic perturbation of network configuration. The protocol does not require the presence of a central topology construction or re‐construction process. Instead, the nodes can self‐organise to create a stable configuration both after start‐up as well as after intermediate changes due to the arrival of new nodes or shutting down of existing nodes. The proposed algorithm uses a bottom‐up approach, which is built into the regular operations of the Bluetooth devices. Isolated nodes as well as masters and slaves of existing piconets can discover other nodes, thus extending the scatternet. Copyright © 2005 AEIT.
A self‐organised emergent routing mechanism for mobile ad hoc networks
Authors: Liu Zhenyu , Kwiatkowska Marta , Constantinou Costas C. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis paper presents a novel swarm intelligence inspired routing algorithm, emergent ad hoc routing algorithm (EARA), for mobile ad hoc networks. Based on the understanding of the evolutionary cooperation in the biological swarm, which provides an alternative solution resilient against changes in the dynamic environment, we use the principle of swarm intelligence for the reinforcement of optimal routes with onlylocalcommunication (here, local communication is defined as the neighbour‐to‐neighbour Communication). The data traffic is influenced at each node, and the communicating nodes observe this influence to update their tables. The concept ofstigmergyis adopted to reduce the amount of control traffic to improve the performance of the system. We also include an evaluation methodology to simulate ad hoc networks, and the simulation results show that this routing algorithm scales well to a variety of network conditions. Copyright © 2005 AEIT.
The completely dry rate: A critical re‐evaluation of the outcomes of slings
Authors: Kobashi Kathleen C. , Govier Fred 
Published: September 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo critically evaluate sling outcomes and revisit the realistic goals of anti‐incontinence surgery.Materials and MethodsA review of an Institutional Review Board‐approved prospective database revealed the outcomes of four different sling techniques that are utilized at our institution.ResultsFour hundred ninety‐eight patients had a mean follow‐up varying from 9 to 24 months (range 6–50) after undergoing one of four different sling techniques utilized at our institution. The techniques had similar results with regard to completely dry rate, overall success rate, and rate of urgency regardless of the variation in follow‐up time. Success was defined as completely dry or leakage = 1/week or = 70% improved by questionnaire in those patients who leaked 1/week. Success, by this definition, varied from 74.9% to 85.7%, but the completely dry rate varied from 36.1% to 45.2%. An additional 31.0% to 33.3% leaked = 1/week, and of the remaining patients, 24.5% to 44.4% considered themselves = 70% improved despite leakage > 1/week. Urge incontinence was reported by 24.4% to 33.3% of patients.ConclusionAs surgeons, we must constantly reevaluate the outcomes and purposes of the procedures we perform on our patients. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Brazilian metropolitan regions: regime change and governance vacuum
Authors: Souza Celina 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe article analyses the political and the institutional features of Brazilian metropolitan regions in relation to (a) the influence of regime change, from authoritarianism to democracy; (b) the changes in the federal system brought about by the 1988 Constitution designed to legitimise the new democratic order; and (c) the dynamics of intergovernmental relations. It argues that the institutionalisation of metropolitan regions and the creation of agencies for their management during the military regime became associated with the regime's major negative features—authoritarianism and centralisation—hence influencing future choices and leaving metropolitan governance in a political, institutional, financial and administrative vacuum. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metropolitan governance reform in Asia
Authors: Laquian Aprodicio A. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractGovernance reforms in Asian city‐regions have sought to achieve efficient delivery of urban services as well as greater people's participation in decision‐making. Structural reforms have taken the form of unified metropolitan governance or tiered metropolitan structures imposed by higher levels of government. Significant success has been achieved in area‐wide regional planning and in coordination of area‐wide services such as transport, water and sanitation, and solid waste disposal. Social reforms including decentralisation of powers to local units have been hampered by strong traditions of local autonomy, particularistic politics and graft and corruption. With a few exceptions, civil society groups have not had much influence on metropolitan governance reforms in Asia. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
From government to urban governance in Western Europe: a critical analysis
Authors: Jouve Bernard 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe article examines structural reorganisation in Western Europe and various factors explaining the new institutional dynamics affecting the governance of their cities: the historical origins of renewed interest in metropolitan government; the division of powers between state and local and regional levels; and the linkage of the latter to ‘Fordist’ modes of state organisation. Since the 1990s new processes of decentralisation and regionalisation have affected the institutional landscape. Against the background of exacerbated territorial competition and the questioning of the welfare state, there has also been a transformation of theraison d'etreof urban institutions resulting in reformulated connections between civil societies and the dynamics of globalisation. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of the aromatic contribution to the energy of periodic lattices
Authors: Malrieu Jean‐Paul , Robert Vincent 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe cohesive energy of an infinite two‐dimensional lattice such as graphite is governed by the connectivity (number of bonds per atom) of the graph and by the cyclic effects. We propose to define the aromatic contribution to the cohesive energy of a specific lattice as the difference between the exact cohesive energy and that of an ideal dendrimer of the same connectivity. Direct evaluation of the cyclic contributions are possible starting from fully localized zeroth‐order wavefunctions and using an order‐by‐order perturbative expansion or a recently proposed coupled‐cluster formalism, which allow one to identify clearly the energetic role of the ring currents. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fundamental solution and single‐chain properties of polylactides
Authors: Dorgan John R. , Janzen Jay , Knauss Daniel M. , Hait Sukhendu B. , Limoges Bradford R. , Hutchinson Matthew H. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractPolylactides (PLA) have been known for several decades and are recently of considerable commercial significance. However, the literature on basic chain properties and solution characterization is divided and inconsistent. In this study, a comprehensive and well‐controlled set of experiments is combined with rigorous quantitative analysis to resolve existing apparent contradictions. Homopolymers and copolymers spanning wide ranges of molecular weight and stereoisomer proportions were prepared by ring‐opening polymerizations of L‐ and D‐lactides using stannous octanoate as the catalyst. Samples were characterized by means of: (1) dilute‐solution viscometry in three different solvents; (2) size exclusion chromatography in tetrahydrofuran (THF) with light scattering detection; (3) static multiangle light scattering in a mixed acetonitrile–dichloromethane solvent; (4) variable‐angle spectroscopic ellipsometry; and (5) melt rheology. The data imply that PLA are typical linear flexible polymers; unperturbed PLA chain dimensions are describable in terms of a characteristic ratio of 6.5 ± 0.9, regardless of stereoisomer content. The Schulz‐Blaschke and Mark‐Houwink constants for dilute PLA solutions in chloroform and in THF are determined. For chloroform at 30°C, the correct values are kSB = 0.302, K = 0.0131 (mL/g), and a = 0.759, while for THF at 30°C, the correct values are kSB = 0.289, K = 0.0174 (mL/g), and a = 0.736. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 3100–3111, 2005
Polypropylene/montmorillonite nanocomposites toughened with SEBS‐g‐MA: Structure–property relationship
Authors: Tjong S. C. , Bao S. P. , Liang G. D. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractPolypropylene (PP)/organo‐montmorillonite (Org‐MMT) nanocomposites toughened with maleated styrene‐ethylene‐butylene‐styrene (SEBS‐g‐MA) were prepared via melt compounding. The structure, mechanical properties, and dynamic mechanical properties of PP/SEBS‐g‐MA blends and their nanocomposites were investigated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), polarizing optical microscopy (POM), tensile, and impact tests. XRD traces showed that Org‐MMT promoted the formation of β‐phase PP. The degree of crystallinity of PP/SEBS‐g‐MA blends and their nanocomposites were determined from the wide angle X‐ray diffraction via profile fitting method. POM experiments revealed that Org‐MMT particles served as nucleating sites, resulting in a decrease of the spherulite size. The essential work of fracture approach was used to evaluate the tensile fracture toughness of the nanocomposites toughened with elastomer. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 3112–3126, 2005
Effect of Asparagus racemosus rhizome (Shatavari) on mammary gland and genital organs of pregnant rat
Authors: Pandey S. K. , Sahay A , Pandey R. S. , Tripathi Y. B. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractAsparagus racemosus (AR) Willd (family Liliaceae) is commonly known as Shatavari. The alcoholic extract of its rhizome was administered orally to adult pregnant female albino rats at a dose of 30 mg/100 g body weight, daily for 15 days (days 1–15 of gestation). The macroscopic findings revealed a prominence of the mammary glands, a dilated vaginal opening and a transversely situated uterine horn in the treated group of animals. The weight of the uterine horns of the treated group was found to be significantly higher (p < 0.001) but the length was shorter (p > 0.01). Microscopic examination of the treated group showed proliferation in the lumen of the duct of mammary gland. It was obliterated due to hypertrophy of ductal and glandular cells. Hyperplasia of the glandular and muscular tissue and hypertrophy of the glandular cells were observed in the genital organs. The parenchyma of the genital organs showed abundant glycogen granules with dilated blood vessels and thickening of the epithelial lining. The oviduct in the treated group showed hypertrophied muscular wall, whereas the ovary revealed no effect of the drug. The results suggest an oestrogenic effect of Shatavari on the female mammary gland and genital organs. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wound healing properties of Hylocereus undatus on diabetic rats
Authors: Perez G. R. M. , Vargas S. R. , Ortiz H. Y. D. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractAqueous extracts of leaves, rind, fruit pulp and flowers of Hylocereus undatus were studied for their wound healing properties. Wound healing effects were studied on incision (skin breaking strength), excision (percent wound contraction) and the nature of wound granulation tissues, which were removed on day 7 and the collagen, hexosamine, total proteins and DNA contents were determined, in addition to the rates of wound contraction and the period of epithelialization. In streptozotocin diabetic rats, where healing is delayed, topical applications of H. undatus produced increases in hydroxyproline, tensile strength, total proteins, DNA collagen content and better epithelization thereby facilitating healing. H. undatus had no hypoglycemic activity. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antioxidant and DNA protecting properties of anti‐fatigue herb Trichopus zeylanicus
Authors: Tharakan Binu , Dhanasekaran Muralikrishnan , Manyam Bala V. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractChronic fatigue is considered a complex symptom for which currently there is no curative treatment available. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the etiology of fatigue and antioxidant treatment might be a valuable therapeutic approach. The Kani, a tribal high altitude living population in southern India, traditionally use the seeds of Trichopus zeylanicus to combat fatigue. In this study, the antioxidant properties of Trichopus zeylanicus were established on free radicals (DPPH and ABTS), its ability to reduce iron, lipoxygenase activity and hydrogen peroxide‐induced lipid peroxidation. The effects of Trichopus zeylanicus on reactive oxygen species induced plasmid DNA (pBR322) cleavage were also investigated. Trichopus zeylanicus significantly scavenged free radicals, reduced lipid peroxidation and inhibited lipoxygenase activity. Trichopus zeylanicus also exhibited iron‐chelating activity and inhibited reactive oxygen species induced DNA damage. Trichopus zeylanicus contains NADH, polyphenols and sulfhydryl compounds, which have the ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species suggesting that the antioxidant activity may be an important mechanism of action of Trichopus zeylanicus to combat fatigue. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of antinociceptive and antiinflammatory activities of the essential oil (EO) ofOcimum micranthumWilld. from Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Lino C. S. , Gomes P. B. , Lucetti D. L. , Diógenes J. P. L. , Sousa F. C. F. , Silva M. G. V. , Viana G. S. B. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe EO ofOcimum micranthumwas studied for a possible analgesic effect on the acetic acid induced writhing and formalin test in mice and antioedema activities on the carrageenan and dextran induced paw oedema in rats. The EO demonstrated antinociceptive effects, and pretreatment with naloxone did not reverse the antinociception, indicating that the opioid system is not involved. On the other hand, pretreatment withl‐arginine (l‐arg) reversed the antinociception, suggesting involvement of the nitric oxide (NO) system. The EO did not present an antioedematogenic effect in the carrageenan and dextran models. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anti‐HIV‐1 constituents from Clausena excavata: Part II. carbazoles and a pyranocoumarin
Authors: Kongkathip Boonsong , Kongkathip Ngampong , Sunthitikawinsakul Arunrat , Napaswat Chanita , Yoosook Chalobon 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThree carbazole derivatives, O‐methylmukonal (1), 3‐formyl‐2,7‐dimethoxycarbazole (2) and clauszoline J (3), and a pyranocoumarin, clausenidin (4), were isolated from the rhizomes and roots of Clausena excavata. Compound 1, isolated from this plant for the first time, has not been reported previously as having anti‐HIV‐1 activity. Compounds 1–4 displayed anti‐HIV‐1 activity in a syncytial assay with EC50 values of 12, 29.1, 34.2 and 5.3 µm, respectively, and thus exhibited potential therapeutic index (PTI) values of 56.7, 8.0, 1.6 and 7.0, respectively. All isolated compounds demonstrated a lack of cytotoxicity against the KB and BC‐1 cancer cell lines. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Schrödinger–Riccati equation: Feasibility study for the He‐isoelectronic series
Authors: Fraga Serafin , García De La Vega José M. , Fraga Eric S. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe Schrödinger–Riccati equation has been applied to the study of some systems of the He‐isoelectronic series. The statistical analysis of the local ratios of the predicted function over an accurate function yields, with a sample mean of 1.000, the following confidence intervals (at a 99% level of confidence) for the true population means: He I, 0.0013 (for 24,896 points); Li II, 0.0015 (for 29,354 points); Be III, 0.0018 (for 31,290 points); C V, 0.0024 (for 28,639 points); and O VII, 0.0058 (for 23,784 points). © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006
Whole cell matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and in situ structure analysis of streptocidins, a family of tyrocidine‐like cyclic peptides
Authors: Hitzeroth Gabriele , Vater Joachim , Franke Peter , Gebhardt Klaus , Fiedler Hans‐Peter 
Published: September 2005

AbstractStreptocidins, a family of tyrocidine‐like cyclic decapeptides, are an ideal demonstration object for the detection and in situ structure analysis of natural compounds directly in microbial cells using whole cell matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight‐mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOFMS), an emerging technique that can be used for rapid sensitive metabolic profiling of microorganisms. Five main members of the streptocidin family (A–E) were detected in Brevibacillus cells picked from agar plates and identified by in situ structure analysis with post‐source decay MALDI‐TOFMS. This efficient modern method allows the precise detection of metabolites within minutes without the need to isolate and purify the target compounds. The generated mass spectra are of similar quality to those obtained for the purified peptides. In addition, surface extracts were prepared by treating Brevibacillus cells with 70% acetonitrile in the presence of 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid and fractionated by high‐resolution reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In this way ten minor streptocidins were detected demonstrating the full biosynthetic variety of streptocidin production on the cellular level. The streptocidins differ from the well‐known tyrocidines essentially in position 3 of the decapeptide chain by replacement of the aromatic amino acid (F/W) found in tyrocidines by L‐leucine or L‐valine. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.