bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complexes of point defects and impurities in electron‐irradiated n‐type Cz‐Si pre‐doped with hydrogen
Authors: Nakanishi A. , Fukata N. , Suezawa M. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractComplexes of point defects and impurities in electron‐irradiated n‐type Czochralski‐grown Si (CSi) pre‐doped with hydrogen (H) were studied and the results compared with those in high‐purity specimens. Specimens were n‐type (1.3 Ω cm) Cz‐Si. They were irradiated with 3 MeV electrons at room temperature after hydrogen doping. Optical absorption spectra were measured at 7 K. Spectra were recorded in three wavenumber ranges: 800–1000, 1800–2200 and around 2700 cm–1. In the first range, optical absorption peaks were observed due to H*2, VO0 (neutral charge state) and VO– (negatively charged state). The concentration of the VO pair in n‐type specimens was higher than that in high‐purity specimens. In the second range, peaks were observed due to H*2 and complexes of self‐interstitials and H2. In the third range, peaks were observed due to V2. Due to the isochronal annealing, VO0 decreased in two stages, 75–200 and 200–400 °C. In the first stage, two new peaks appeared, at 2126 and 2151 cm–1. They disappeared in the second stage. The activation energies of the first and second stages were about 0.8 and 1.6 eV, respectively.
Photoluminescence studies of isotopically enriched silicon
Authors: Karaiskaj D. , Thewalt M.L. W. , Ruf T. , Cardona M. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractWe report the first high resolution photoluminescence studies of isotopically pure silicon. New information is obtained on isotopic effects on the indirect band gap energy, phonon energies, and phonon broadenings, which is in good agreement with previous results obtained in germanium and diamond. Remarkably, the line widths of the no‐phonon boron and phosphorus bound exciton transitions in the 28Si sample (99.896% 28Si) are much sharper than in natural Si, revealing new fine structure in the boron bound exciton luminescence. Most surprisingly, the small splittings of the neutral acceptor ground state in natural Si are absent in the photoluminescence spectra of acceptor bound excitons in isotopically purified 28Si, demonstrating conclusively that they result from the randomness of the Si isotopic composition.
Heavy metals in biota from Sundarban Wetland Ecosystem, India: Implications to monitoring and environmental assessment
Authors: Sarkar S. K. , Bhattacharya B. , Debnath S. , Bandopadhaya G. , Giri Sankar 
Published: December 2002

The coastal environment of West Bengal is recognized as the most diversified and productive ecosystem among all the maritime states of India. This area faces organic pollution from domestic sewage and toxic pollution from industrial effluents leading to serious impacts on water and sediment quality as well as on biodiversity. This article aims at providing information on concentration levels of heavy metals (iron, zinc, copper, manganese, cadmium, and mercury) in the tissues of a suspension feeder bivalve Macoma birmanica, whole body tissues of five gastropods (Cerithidea cingulata, C. obtusa, Telescopium telescopium, Thais lacera and Nerita articulata) and four finfishes (Liza tade, Harpodon nehereus, Trichiurus sp., and Boleopthalmus sp.) collected from water bodies of Sagar Island (22° 19′ N; 80° 03′ E), the largest delta of Sundarbans.
A general trend with the following in decreasing order occurred: Fe&gt;Zn&gt;Mn&gt;Cu&gt;Cd&gt;Hg. Both species-dependent variability and temporal variations were pronounced. A high degree of organ specificity was evident in M. birmanica where gill and mantle exhibited higher metal accumulation due to the ion exchange property of the mucous layer covering these organs. Gastropods and finfishes were differentially selective for a range of metals, reflecting the availability of the elements in the environment and the diet and digestive physiology of these organisms. An overall elevated concentration of these metals was observed during monsoon months when low pH and salinity prevailed in the ambient medium. A continuous monitoring program is recommended to establish the studied organisms as bioindicators and to identify future changes to conserve the “health” of this fragile ecosystem.
Diagnosis of personality disorders in learning disability
Authors: Alexander Regi , Cooray Sherva 
Published: December 2002

BackgroundThough contentious, the diagnosis of personality disorders in persons with learning disability is clinically relevant because it affects many aspects of management.AimsTo examine published literature on the diagnosis of personality disorders in learning disability.MethodSelective review with computerised (Medline, Embase and PsychInfo) and manual literature searches.ResultsThe variation in the cooccurrence of personality disorder in learning disability, with prevalence ranging from less than 1% to 91% in a community setting and 22% to 92% in hospital settings, is very great and too large to be explained by real differences.ConclusionsThe diagnosis of personality disorders in learning disability is complex and difficult, particularly in those with severe disability Developing consensus diagnostic criteria, specific for various developmental levels, is one way forward. Such criteria may need to include objective proxy measures such as behavioural observations and informant accounts.
Consistency of electrical source imaging in presurgical evaluation of epilepsy across different vigilance states
Authors: Avigdor Tamir , Abdallah Chifaou , Afnan Jawata , Cai Zhengchen , Rammal Saba , Grova Christophe , Frauscher Birgit 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe use of electrical source imaging (ESI) in assessing the source of interictal epileptic discharges (IEDs) is gaining increasing popularity in presurgical work‐up of patients with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy. While vigilance affects the ability to locate IEDs and identify the epileptogenic zone, we know little about its impact on ESI.MethodsWe studied overnight high‐density electroencephalography recordings in focal drug‐resistant epilepsy. IEDs were marked visually in each vigilance state, and examined in the sensor and source space. ESIs were calculated and compared between all vigilance states and the clinical ground truth. Two conditions were considered within each vigilance state, an unequalized and an equalized number of IEDs.ResultsThe number, amplitude, and duration of IEDs were affected by the vigilance state, with N3 sleep presenting the highest number, amplitude, and duration for both conditions (P < 0.001), while signal‐to‐noise ratio only differed in the unequalized condition (P < 0.001). The vigilance state did not affect channel involvement (P > 0.05). ESI maps showed no differences in distance, quality, extent, or maxima distances compared to the clinical ground truth for both conditions (P > 0.05). Only when an absolute reference (wakefulness) was used, the channel involvement (P < 0.05) and ESI source extent (P < 0.01) were impacted during rapid‐eye‐movement (REM) sleep. Clustering of amplitude‐sensitive and ‐insensitive ESI maps pointed to amplitude rather than the spatial profile as the driver (P < 0.05).InterpretationIED ESI results are stable across vigilance states, including REM sleep, if controlled for amplitude and IED number. ESI is thus stable and invariant to the vigilance state.
Adaptive behavior assessed by Vineland‐3 as comprehensive outcome measure in vanishing white matter
Authors: Schoenmakers Daphne H. , van Beelen Irene , Voermans Marije M.C. , Perik Denise , Stellingwerff Menno D. , Wolf Nicole I. , Berkhof Johannes , van der Knaap Marjo S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectivesInvestigate the results and usability of the Vineland‐3 as an outcome measure in vanishing white matter patients.MethodsA cross‐sectional investigation of the Vineland‐3 based on interviews with caregivers, the Health Utilities Index, and the modified Rankin Scale in 64 vanishing white matter patients.ResultsAdaptive behavior measured with the Vineland‐3 is impaired in the vast majority of vanishing white matter patients and significantly impacts daily life. Typically, the daily living skills domain is most severely affected and the socialization domain is the least affected. Based on the metric properties and the clinical relevance, the standard scores for the daily living skills domain and Adaptive Behavior Composite have the best properties to be used as an outcome measure.InterpretationThe Vineland‐3 appears to be a useful outcome measure to explore and quantify complex cognitive, behavioral, and psychiatric impairments affecting daily functioning in vanishing white matter. Further research should address the longitudinal evaluation of this tool and its additional value to standard neuropsychological and clinical examination.
Early flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing after mechanical thrombectomy in stroke patients
Authors: Pinho João , Meyer Tareq , Mall Bettina , Maring Bettina , Döpp Annalena , Becker Johanna , Wehner Anneke , Thissen Sara , Schumann‐Werner Beate , Nikoubashman Omid , Wiesmann Martin , Schulz Jörg. B. , Werner Cornelius J. , Reich Arno 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe aims of the study were to (1) characterize the findings of flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) in stroke patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy (MT); (2) analyse the screening performance of the Standardized Swallowing Assessment (SSA); and (3) study the impact of FEES‐defined dysphagia on 3‐month outcomes.MethodsThis single‐centre study was based on a local registry of consecutive acute ischaemic stroke patients undergoing MT during a 1‐year period. Patients received FEES within 5 days of admission regardless of the result of dysphagia screening. We compared baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with and without FEES‐defined dysphagia. We collected 3‐month modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and individual index values of the European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions (EQ‐5D‐iv). Using univariable and multivariable regression analyses we predicted 3‐month outcomes for presence of dysphagia and for FEES‐defined dysphagia severity.ResultsWe included 137 patients with a median age of 74 years, 43.1% were female, median NIHSS was 12 and successful recanalization was achieved in 92.7%. Stroke‐associated pneumonia occurred in 8% of patients. FEES‐defined dysphagia occurred in 81% of patients. Sensitivity of the SSA as a dysphagia screening was 67%. Presence of dysphagia and increasing severity of dysphagia were independently associated with increasing 3‐month mRS score. Increasing dysphagia severity dysphagia was independently associated with lower EQ‐5D‐iv.InterpretationEarly FEES‐defined dysphagia occurs in four in every five patients undergoing MT. SSA has a suboptimal dysphagia screening performance. Presence of dysphagia and increasing dysphagia severity predict worse functional outcome and worse health‐related quality‐of‐life.
Selective Metallization of Thermoplastic Elastomers Based on Laser‐Induced Surface Activation
Authors: Zhang Huiyuan , Xu Rui , Zhou Tao 
Published: January 2024

Laser direct structuring (LDS) technology successfully realized the selective metallization on thermoplastic elastomers. Polystyrene‐block‐poly(ethylene‐co‐propylene‐block‐polystyrene copolymer (SEPS) and polyether‐block‐amide (Pebax) containing 5 wt% Cu2(OH)PO4 are designed as LDS materials. Copper layers are obtained after NIR  laser activation and metallization. The analysis of morphologies (optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy), the chemical composition (X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy [XPS], Raman, X‐ray diffraction), and the performance (scotch tape test, resistance) of materials before and after laser activation and metallization are carried out. The key to obtaining a high‐quality metal layer is as follows. 1) Cu2+ is reduced to copper (Cu0) with amorphous carbon acting as a reducing agent, and Cu0 acts as catalyst seeds in metallization. 2) The good adhesion between polymers and copper layers comes from the micropores etched by laser activation. In particular, XPS shows that 64.6% Cu2+ in SEPS/Cu2(OH)PO4 is reduced to Cu0, while only 18.4% Cu2+ in Pebax/Cu2(OH)PO4 is reduced after laser activation. Moreover, resistances of copper layers on SEPS/Cu2(OH)PO4 and Pebax/Cu2(OH)PO4 are 0.96 and 5.04 Ω, respectively. This study puts forward a way of fabricating flexible LDS materials. The prepared SEPS/Cu2(OH)PO4 composite is promising for shape variable decoration and flexible electronic devices.
Viscoelastic Dynamics of Photothermal‐Responsive Liquid Crystal Elastomer Fibers
Authors: Xu Shihao , Hao Zhixiu , Chen Xindong , Wan Chao , Yu Li , Feng Xi‐Qiao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLiquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) with photo‐responsive properties, typically driven by either photochemical or photothermal mechanisms, have found extensive applications as, for example, actuators in soft robots. However, intricate temperature‐dependent viscoelasticity of LCEs poses a challenge, leading to a notable gap in the domain of dynamic models for photothermal‐responsive LCE (PTR‐LCE) fibers. Here, a fundamental framework is proposed for accurate modeling and real‐time simulations of PTR‐LCE fiber dynamics. The PTR‐LCE fiber is described as a one‐dimensional (1D) string model that decomposes the fiber deformation into active and passive parts, which are characterized by an order parameter and a temperature‐dependent linear viscoelasticity model, respectively. Then, independent experimental measurements of model parameters are conducted, and a numerical algorithm is developed to solve the model, which is validated for convergence, time efficiency, and accuracy. Finally, the model is employed to simulate both open‐loop and Proportional‐Integral‐Derivative (PID) control of actuators made of PTR‐LCE fibers. The results confirm the advantages of this model over previous models. This work not only reveals the physical mechanisms underlying the PTR‐LCE fiber dynamic behaviors but also provides inspirations for more efficient and precise soft robotic applications.
Highly Reversible Iron Fluoride Conversion Cathodes Enabled by Deep‐Eutectic Solvent Method and Heterostructure Design
Authors: Lai Chuanzhong , Chen Keyi , Lei Meng , Hu Jiulin , Chen Shuangqiang , Li Chilin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractConversion‐reaction metal fluoride cathodes have the advantages of low cost, environmental friendliness, and high energy density. However, their tailored synthesis and structure design under safe, facile, and scalable conditions have always been a puzzle, which limits the popularization of conversion‐type cathodes in lithium metal batteries. To address these challenges, here an iron fluoride heterostructure with FeF2 and FeF3 binary phases is proposed and prepared by deep eutectic solvent method under the assistance of cobalt cation as an oxidization promoter. The compact heterogeneous contact between tetragonal FeF2 and hexagonal tungsten bronze FeF3 phases enables the promotion and stabilization of interface charge transfer and topotactic conversion reaction. The narrower band gap of FeF2, higher theoretical capacity and thermodynamic potential of FeF3 synergistically contribute to the balance between cycling reversibility and capacity. The heterostructure cathode with an optimized molar ratio of FeF2/FeF3 can realize a highly reversible capacity of ≈520 mAh g−1 in the first tens of cycles and 305 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles. The typical two‐stage reaction plateaus are well preserved even under the high current density of 1000 mA g−1. The green synthesis strategy and heterostructure fluoride design open a new horizon for the development of high‐energy‐density metal fluoride batteries.
Bioenergetic Metabolism Modulatory Peptide Hydrogel for Cardiac Protection and Repair After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Zhang Yushan , Gao Yu , Wang Jingrong , Gao Rui , Su Qi , Zhang Ju , Jiang Liqin , Zhang Chuangnian , Huang Pingsheng , Wang Weiwei , Feng Zujian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMyocardial infarction (MI) remains a major threat to human health due to the limited energy supply, disordered cell metabolism, massive cardiomyocyte death, and restricted regeneration. Although currently available therapies may relieve myocardial damage, restoring the dysregulated energy metabolism to normal levels has not yet been achieved. MOTS‐c has recently been identified as a regulator of biological metabolism to combat aging; however, its role in reprogramming cardiac metabolism remains to be elucidated. Here, MOTS‐c is chemically conjugated to self‐assembling Q11 peptide to fabricate an injectable hydrogel (MQgel) aimed to improve mitochondria function and cardiomyocyte metabolism post‐MI. It is observed that MQgel effectively protects mitochondria from oxidative damage and normalized cardiomyocyte metabolism, including glucose uptake, glycolysis, and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, thereby inhibiting cardiomyocyte death and enhancing cardiomyocyte activity. In a rat MI model, intramyocardial injection of MQgel successfully minimizes the infarct area and fibrosis, promotes angiogenesis, suppresses myocardial hypertrophy, and improves cardiomyocyte survival and metabolic enzyme activity, all of which collaboratively attenuate the maladaptive cardiac remodeling and boost cardiac function and tissue repair. The findings suggest that the self‐assembled mitochondria metabolism‐regulatory peptide hydrogel effectively treats MI, and cellular bioenergy modulation provides a new therapeutic approach for tissue repair after injury.
A Dual Active Site Organic–Inorganic Poly(O‐Phenylenediamine)/NH4V3O8 Composite Cathode Material for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Min , Liu Mingzu , Lu Yongyi , Zhang Guangdi , Zhang Yan , Li Zongyang , Xu Qunjie , Liu Haimei , Wang Yonggang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion batteries, considered one of the important candidate technologies for green and environmentally friendly large‐scale energy storage, hinge upon the performance of cathode materials as the key factor driving their development. Vanadate oxide is a promising cathode material due to its high theoretical capacity; furthermore, in order to accelerate the reaction kinetics, ion or molecular intercalation is often utilized. However, non‐electrochemically active intercalants tend to cause capacity degradation. In this study, a one‐step hydrothermal method is employed to intercalate electrochemically active poly‐o‐phenylenediamine (PoPDA) into the interlayers of NH4V3O8 (NVO), with graphene oxide (GO) being used to further improve the conductivity of the composite material (NVO/PoPDA@GO). The insertion of PoPDA expands the interlayer spacing of the NVO, alters the charge distribution, and enhances the migration rate of Zn2+ among the hybrid materials. Additionally, PoPDA serves as a support within the interlayers, improving the material stability. Moreover, the reversible transformation and rearrangement of chemical bonds (C═N/C─N) in PoPDA allows for coordination with Zn2+, providing additional capacity. As a result, NVO/PoPDA@GO exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, releasing a specific capacity of 433 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, even with a capacity of 224 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1. This work provides a promising direction for the preparation of organic–inorganic composite cathode materials with dual active components.
Visualization Materials Using Silicon‐Based Optical Nanodisks (ViSiON) for Enhanced NIR Imaging in Ophthalmology
Authors: Ki Jisun , Lee Hyunji , Lee Tae Geol , Lee Sang‐Won , Wi Jung‐Sub , Na Hee‐Kyung 
Published: January 2024

AbstractViSiON (visualization materials composed of silicon‐based optical nanodisks) is presented, which offers a unique optical combination of near‐infrared (NIR) optical properties and biodegradability. Initially, numerical simulations are conducted to calculate the total extinction and scattering effects of ViSiON by the diameter‐to‐thickness ratio, predicting precise control over its scattering properties in the NIR region. A top‐down patterning technique is employed to synthesize ViSiON with accurate diameter and thickness control. ViSiON with a 50 nm thickness exhibits scattering properties over 400 times higher than that of 30 nm, rendering it suitable as a contrast agent for optical coherence tomography (OCT), especially in ophthalmic applications. Furthermore, ViSiON possesses inherent biodegradability in media, with ≈95% degradation occurring after 48 h, and the degradation rate can be finely tuned based on the quantity of protein coating applied to the surface. Subsequently, the OCT imaging capability is validated even within vessels smaller than 300 µm, simulating retinal vasculature using a retinal phantom. Then, using an ex ovo chick embryo model, it is demonstrated that ViSiON enhances the strength of protein membranes by 6.17 times, thereby presenting the potential for ViSiON as an OCT imaging probe capable of diagnosing retinal diseases.
Injectable Conductive Hydrogel with Self‐Healing, Motion Monitoring, and Bacteria Theranostics for Bioelectronic Wound Dressing
Authors: Shan Mengyao , Chen Xin , Zhang Xiaoyang , Zhang Shike , Zhang Linlin , Chen Jinzhou , Wang Xianghong , Liu Xuying 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWounds at joints are difficult to treat and tend to recover more slowly due to the frequent motions. When using traditional hydrogel dressings, they are easy to crack and undergo bacterial infection, difficult to match and monitor the irregular wounds. Integrating multiple functions within a hydrogel dressing to achieve intelligent wound monitoring and healing remains a significant challenge. In this research, a multifunctional hydrogel is developed based on polysaccharide biopolymer, poly(vinyl alcohol), and hydroxylated graphene through dynamic borate ester bonding and supramolecular interaction. The prepared hydrogel not only exhibits rapid self‐healing (within 60 s), injectable, conductive and motion monitoring properties, but also realizes in situ bacterial sensing and killing functions. It shows excellent bacterial sensitivity (within 15 min) and killing ability via the changes of electrical signals and photothermal therapy, avoiding the emergence of drug‐resistant bacteria. In vivo experiments prove that the hydrogel can promote wound healing effectively. In addition, it displays great electromechanical performance to achieve real‐time monitoring and prevent re‐tearing of the wound at human joints. The injectable pH‐responsive hydrogel with good biocompatibility demonstrates considerable potential as multifunctional bioelectronic dressing for the detection, treatment, management, and healing of infected joint wounds.