bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Direct Synthesis of Substituted Exocyclic 1H‐pyrrol‐3(2H)‐ones by Base‐Mediated Multicomponent [3+2] Cycloaddition
Authors: Pawar Ganesh P. , Chen Hong Ren , Barve Indrajeet J. , Shen Li‐Ching , Sun Chung‐Ming 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA one‐pot, three‐component, base‐mediated [3+2] cycloaddition reaction to synthesize 1H‐pyrrol‐3(2H)‐ones from readily available amino acid esters, aldehydes, and terminal alkynes was reported. Isolation of the intermediate and the detailed mechanistic study revealed the course of the reaction. This multi‐component reaction proceeds via imine formation followed by the nucleophilic addition of alkyne to form a propargylamine precursor. Base‐mediated conversion of propargylamine precursor into 1‐azadiene followed by in situ ketene formation leading to [3+2] cycloaddition that ultimately produces unusual 1H‐pyrrol‐3(2H)‐ones.
Effect of Particle Factors on the Reflux and Blockage of a Deep‐Sea Six‐Stage Pump Based on CFD‐DEM
Authors: Hu Qiong , Zhu Jingyan , Deng Liwen , Chen Jun , Wang Yangyang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe deep‐sea six‐stage centrifugal pump is an essential power source of the lifting system that conveys slurry containing coarse particles. Emergency failure of the electric system can easily lead to pump blockage because of slurry reflux. The reflux movement of particles in a six‐stage pump under emergency power failure is investigated using the verified computation fluid dynamics and discrete element method (CFD‐DEM) simulation. The JKR contact model is used to perform particle simulation. Simultaneously, shaped particles are added to realistically simulate the reflux characteristics under deep‐sea mining conditions. The effect of particle size, shape, and size distribution in the reflux is investigated. The blockage behavior of the particles during reflux and the blockage mechanism is clarified. Particles with less shape and size below 30 mm are more conducive to safe slurry transportation. The experimental results verify the credibility of the CFD‐DEM simulation results.
Ultrasound‐Induced Adsorption of Acousto‐Responsive Microgels at Water–Oil Interface
Authors: Stock Sebastian , Mirau Luca , Rutsch Matthias , Wismath Sonja , Kupnik Mario , von Klitzing Regine , Rahimzadeh Amin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUltrasonic mixing is a well‐established method to disperse and mix substances. However, the effects of ultrasound on dispersed soft particles as well as on their adsorption kinetics at interfaces remain unexplored. Ultrasound not only accelerates the movement of particles via acoustic streaming, but recent research indicates that it can also manipulate the interaction of soft particles with the surrounding liquid. In this study, it evaluates the adsorption kinetics of microgel at the water‐oil interface under the influence of ultrasound. It quantifies how acoustic streaming accelerates the reduction of interfacial tension. It uses high‐frequency and low‐amplitude ultrasound, which has no destructive effects. Furthermore, it discusses the ultrasound‐induced shrinking and thus interfacial rearrangement of the microgels, which plays a secondary but non‐negligible role on interfacial tension reduction. It shows that the decrease in interfacial tension due to the acoustic streaming is stronger for microgels with higher cross‐linker density. Moreover, it shows that ultrasound can induce a reversible decrease in interfacial tension due to the shrinkage of microgels at the interface. The presented results may lead to a better understanding in any field where ultrasonic waves meet soft particles, e.g., controlled destabilization in foams and emulsions or systems for drug release.
3D Printed All‐Natural Hydrogels: Flame‐Retardant Materials Toward Attaining Green Sustainability
Authors: Zuo Xiaoling , Zhou Ying , Hao Kangan , Liu Chuan , Yu Runhao , Huang Anrong , Wu Chong , Yang Yinye 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBiomass‐based hydrogel is a promising flame‐retardant material and has a high potential for applications in transportation, aerospace, building and electrical engineering, and electronics. However, rapid vat photopolymerization (VP) 3D printing of biomass‐based hydrogels, especially that of all‐natural ones, is still rare. Herein, a new class of VP 3D‐printed hydrogels with strong covalent networks, fabricating using fully biomass materials and a commercial liquid crystal display (LCD) printer assembled with low‐intensity visible light is presented. Encouragingly, the highly ordered layer‐by‐layer packing structures provided by VP 3D printing technology endow these hydrogels with remarkable flame retardancy, exceptional temperature resistance, advantageous combustion behaviors, and favorable mechanical strength, in particular, giving them a better limit oxygen index (83.5%) than various biomass‐based hydrogels. The proposed approach enables the green design as well as the precise and efficient preparation for flame‐retardant materials, paving the way for the future flame‐retardant materials toward attaining green sustainability.
Gas and slurry flow behaviors in a CO2‐mineralization spray tower reactor
Authors: Liu Hongliang , Wang Chao , Zhou Changan , Song Lei , Ma Kui , Yue Hairong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe spray tower reactors have provided an important solution for the scale‐up of mineralization processes with industrial solid waste to absorb CO2. In this study, numerical simulations were employed to investigate the fluid flow behaviors in a mineralization spray tower reactor (MSTR), and the average relative error of simulation and experimental results was 7.5%. The results showed that at a high liquid–gas ratio (L/G > 100 L/m3), the fluid flow behavior was dominated by the slurry flow, which was only hindered by the gas flow to a certain extent at the gas inlet. Further analysis revealed that the accumulation of slurry at the center and wall of the reactor, as well as the bias flow of flue gas, were the main reasons for the insufficient gas–liquid contact, which led to a lower CO2 absorption efficiency. The relationship between fluid flow behavior and CO2 absorption efficiency could improve the understanding of the MSTRs.
Unlocking the Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Tetrasubstituted Acyclic Enones
Authors: Faiges Jorge , Biosca Maria , Pericàs Miquel A. , Besora Maria , Pàmies Oscar , Diéguez Montserrat 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAsymmetric hydrogenation (AH) of tetrasubstituted olefins generating two stereocenters is still an open topic. There are only a few reports on the AH of tetrasubstituted olefins with conjugated functional groups, while this process can create useful intermediates for the subsequent elaboration of relevant end products. Most of the tetrasubstituted olefins successfully submitted to AH belong to a small number of functional classes; remarkably, the AH of tetrasubstituted acyclic enones still represents an unsolved challenge. Herein, we disclose a class of air‐stable Ir−P,N catalysts, prepared in three steps from commercially available amino alcohols, that can hydrogenate, in minutes, a wide range of electronically and sterically diverse acyclic tetrasubstituted enones (including exocyclic ones) with high yields and high enantioselectivities. The factors responsible for the excellent selectivities were elucidated by combining deuterogenation experiments and theoretical calculations. The calculations indicated that the reduction follows an IrI/IrIII mechanism, in which enantioselectivity is controlled in the first migratory insertion of the hydride to the most electrophilic olefinic Cβ and the formation of the hydrogenated product via reductive elimination takes place prior to the coordination of dihydrogen and the subsequent oxidative addition. The potential of the new catalytic systems is demonstrated by the derivatization of hydrogenation products.
Diluting the Resistance of Built‐in Electric Fields in Oxygen Vacancy‐enriched Ru/NiMoO4‐x for Enhanced Hydrogen Spillover in Alkaline Seawater Splitting
Authors: Liu Xiaobin , Wang Xuanyi , Li Kun , Tang Junheng , Zhu Jiawei , Chi Jingqi , Lai Jianping , Wang Lei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRecently, hydrogen spillover based binary (HSBB) catalysts have received widespread attention due to the sufficiently utilized reaction sites. However, the specific regulation mechanism of spillover intensity is still unclear. Herein, we have fabricated oxygen vacancies enriched Ru/NiMoO4‐x to investigate the internal relationship between electron supply and mechanism of hydrogen spillover enhancement. The DFT calculations cooperate with in situ Raman spectrum to uncover that the H* spillover from NiMoO4‐x to Ru. Meanwhile, oxygen vacancies weakened the electron supply from Ru to NiMoO4‐x, which contributes to dilute the resistance of built‐in electric field (BEF) for hydrogen spillover. In addition, the higher ion concentration in electrolyte will promote the H* adsorption step obviously, which is demonstrated by in situ EIS tests. As a result, the Ru/NiMoO4‐x exhibits a low overpotential of 206 mV at 3.0 A cm−2, a small Tafel slope of 28.8 mV dec−1, and an excellent durability of 550 h at the current density of 0.5 A cm−2 for HER in 1.0 M KOH seawater.
Structure–Property Interplay Within Microporous Manganese Dioxide Tunnels For Sustainable Energy Storage
Authors: Yuan Yifei , He Kun , Lu Jun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTunnel‐structured manganese dioxides (MnO2), also known as octahedral molecule sieves (OMS), are widely studied in geochemistry, deionization, energy storage and (electro)catalysis. These functionalities originate from their characteristic sub‐nanoscale tunnel framework, which, with a high degree of structural polymorphism and rich surface chemistry, can reversibly absorb and transport various ions. An intensive understanding of their structure–property relationship is prerequisite for functionality optimization, which has been recently approached by implementation of advanced (in situ) characterizations providing significant atomistic sciences. This review will thus timely cover recent advancements related to OMS and their energy storage applications, with a focus on the atomistic insights pioneered by researchers including our group: the origins of structural polymorphism and heterogeneity, the evolution of faceted OMS crystals and its effect on electrocatalysis, the ion transport/storage properties and their implication for processing OMS. These studies represent a clear rational behind recent endeavors investigating the historically applied OMS materials, the summary of which is expected to deepen the scientific understandings and guide material engineering for functionality control.
Catechol‐Isolated Atomically Dispersed Nanocatalysts for Self‐Motivated Cocatalytic Tumor Therapy
Authors: Wang Yuemei , Qiu Shuwen , Wang Liping , Ji Penghao , Guo Yuedong , Yao Heliang , Wei Chenyang , Huo Minfeng , Shi Jianlin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNanocatalytic tumor therapy based on Fenton nanocatalysts has attracted considerable attention because of its therapeutic specificity, enhanced outcomes, and high biocompatibility. Nevertheless, the rate‐determining step in Fenton chemistry, which involves the transition of a high‐valence metallic center (FeIII) to a Fenton‐active low‐valence metallic center (FeII), has hindered advances in nanocatalyst‐based therapeutics. In this study, we constructed mesoporous single iron atomic nanocatalysts (mSAFe NCs) by employing catechols from dopamine to coordinate and isolate single iron atoms. The catechols also serve as reductive ligands, generating a field‐effect‐based cocatalytic system that instantly reduces FeIII species to FeII species within the mSAFe NCs. This self‐motivated cocatalytic strategy enabled by mSAFe NCs accelerates the kinetics of the Fenton catalytic reaction, resulting in remarkable performance for nanocatalytic tumor therapy both in vitro and in vivo.
BODIPY‐based Fluorescent Indicators for Lipid Droplets
Authors: Zhu Jianping , Tan Nian Kee , Kikuchi Kai , Kaur Amandeep , New Elizabeth J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractInvited for this month's cover are the collaborating groups of Prof. Elizabeth J. New at the University of Sydney and Dr Amandeep Kaur at Monash University. The cover picture shows how their BODIPYs selectively mark lipid droplets and indicate the trafficking of lipid droplets between adjacent cells. More information can be found in the Research Article by Amandeep Kaur, Elizabeth J. New, and co‐workers.
Ultrahigh compressive strength and heat resistance of polystyrene/polyphenylene oxide foams of supercritical carbon dioxide foaming
Authors: Li Zhuolun , Tang Yujing , Wang Yaqiao , Wang Xiangdong , Chen Shihong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPolystyrene (PS) foam materials are lightweight, but suffer from poor compressive strength and heat resistance, among other problems, which limit their application. Herein, a method for preparing PS foam with high compressive strength and high heat resistance using supercritical CO2 is proposed. PS/polyphenylene oxide (PPO) blends were prepared using a corotating intermeshing twin‐screw extruder. The results showed that PPO exhibited excellent molecular‐level compatibility with PS, which substantially improved mechanical properties and heat resistance of PS. Foam samples of PS/PPO blends with the same expansion ratio were prepared via batch foaming experiments, and the compressive strength of different foams was determined at different temperatures. At room temperature, the compressive strength of the PS/PPO‐30% foam increased by 173% compared with pure PS foam. As the testing temperature increased from 30 to 120°C, the compressive strength of pure PS foams decreased rapidly. Nevertheless, PS/PPO foams maintained high compressive strength at high temperatures.
Necessary and sufficient optimal control conditions for networked control systems with input delay and Markovian packet dropouts
Authors: Cai Yuanyu , Lu Xiao , Wang Haixia , Liang Xiao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis article studies the optimal control for networked control systems (NCSs) subject to Markovian packet dropouts and input delay. In this scenario, Markovian packet dropouts occur in two channels, that is, from sensor to controller and from controller to actuator. Meanwhile, the input delay arises in the channel from controller to actuator. The contributions of this paper are as the following two aspects: Firstly, based on Pontryagin's maximum principle, the solution to the forward and backward stochastic difference equations (FBSDEs) is obtained. Secondly, in virtue of the obtained solution to the FBSDEs, sufficient and necessary optimal control conditions are derived and the explicit expression of the optimal controller is presented. The validity of the results is illustrated by numerical examples.
A maximum principle for progressive optimal control of mean‐field forward–backward stochastic system involving random jumps and impulse controls
Authors: Chen Tian , Du Kai , Huang Zongyuan , Wu Zhen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we study an optimal control problem of a mean‐field forward–backward stochastic system with random jumps in progressive structure, where both regular and singular controls are considered in our formula. In virtue of the variational technology, the related stochastic maximum principle (SMP) has been obtained, and it is essentially different from that in the classical predictable structure. Specifically, there are three parts in our SMP, that is, continuous part, jump part, and impulse part, and they are, respectively, used to characterize the characteristics of the optimal controls at continuous time, jump time, and impulse time. This shows that the progressive structure can more accurately describe the characteristics of the optimal control at the jump time. We also give two linear–quadratic examples to show the significance of our results.
Verbal fluency and autism: Reframing current data through the lens of monotropism
Authors: Grissom Alaina , Finke Erinn , Zane Emily 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to reexamine research that used verbal fluency tasks to reinforce assumed deficits in word knowledge and retrieval in the autistic population. We identified seventeen articles that compared the performance of autistic and non‐autistic people on verbal fluency measures and provided an interpretation of the observed performance. In this narrative review, we summarize many components of these studies, including a comprehensive account of how authors framed their research findings. Overall, results of the studies showed variation both between and within groups in terms of total number of correct words, how many subsequent words fell into subcategories, and how frequently participants switched between subcategories. Despite wide variation in findings across studies, authors consistently interpreted results as revealing or reinforcing autistic deficits. To contrast the deficit narrative, we offer an alternative interpretation of findings by considering how they could provide support for the autistic‐led theory of monotropism. This alternative interpretation accounts for the inconsistencies in findings between studies, since wide individual variation in performance is an expected feature of the monotropic theory. We use our review as an exercise in reframing a body of literature from a neurodiversity‐affirming perspective. We propose this as a case example and model for how autism research and clinical practice can move away from the consistent narrative of autism deficits that has pervaded our field for decades. Accordingly, we offer suggestions for future research and clinical practice.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of a Graphene‐based Composite Enabling the Fabrication of a Current Collector‐free Microsupercapacitor with Improved Energy Storage Performance
Authors: Bouzina Adnane , Meng René , Pillier Françoise , Perrot Hubert , Sel Ozlem , Debiemme‐Chouvy Catherine 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHerein, the development and the characterization of an all‐solid‐state symmetrical and current collector‐free microsupercapacitor based on a new reduced graphene oxide‐polydopamine (rGO‐PDA) composite are reported. The rGO‐PDA composite is synthesized by a facile, eco‐friendly and scalable hydrothermal approach in the presence of dopamine which can not only contribute to the oxygen functional groups removal from graphene oxide but also polymerize onto the rGO sheets reducing their restacking and improving the wettability of the electrode. The optimized rGO‐PDA composite material exhibits excellent capacitance and cycling stability as well as an improved rate capability compared to the pristine rGO in Na2SO4 solution. This performance enhancement can be linked to the higher transfer kinetic and lower transfer resistance values of the ions involved in the charge storage process of rGO‐PDA, as determined by ac‐electrogravimetry. Furthermore, an all‐solid‐state microsupercapacitor was prepared employing the optimized rGO‐PDA composite as electrode material. Interdigitated electrodes were obtained thanks to a CO2 laser and a Na2SO4/PVA hydrogel was employed, no current collector was used. This device achieves a noteworthy energy density of 6.2 mWh ⋅ cm−3 at a power density of 0.22 W ⋅ cm−3. Moreover, it exhibits exceptional cycling stability, retaining 104 % of its initial capacity even after undergoing 10,000 cycles at 2 V ⋅ s−1.
Revolutionary Pyrazole‐based Aza‐BODIPY: Harnessing Photothermal Power Against Cancer Cells and Bacteria
Authors: Pewklang Thitima , Saiyasombat Worakrit , Chueakwon Piyasiri , Ouengwanarat Bongkot , Chansaenpak Kantapat , Kampaengsri Sastiya , Lai Rung‐Yi , Kamkaew Anyanee 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn the realm of cancer therapy and treatment of bacterial infection, photothermal therapy (PTT) stands out as a potential strategy. The challenge, however, is to create photothermal agents that can perform both imaging and PTT, a so‐called theranostic agent. Photothermal agents that absorb and emit in the near‐infrared region (750–900 nm) have recently received a lot of attention due to the extensive penetration of NIR light in biological tissues. In this study, we combined pyrazole with aza‐BODIPY (PY‐AZB) to develop a novel photothermal agent. PY‐AZB demonstrated great photostability with a photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 33 %. Additionally, PY‐AZB can permeate cancer cells at a fast accumulation rate in less than 6 hours, according to the confocal images. Furthermore, in vitro photothermal therapy results showed that PY‐AZB effectively eliminated cancer cells by up to 70 %. Interestingly, PY‐AZB exhibited antibacterial activities against both gram‐negative bacteria, Escherichia coli 780, and gram‐positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus 1466. The results exhibit a satisfactory bactericidal effect against bacteria, with a killing efficiency of up to 100 % upon laser irradiation. As a result, PY‐AZB may provide a viable option for photothermal treatment.
dCas9‐guided demethylation of the AKT1 promoter improves milk protein synthesis in a bovine mastitis mammary gland epithelial model induced by using Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Liu Jie , Wei Xiangfei , Zhang Yan , Ran Yaoxiang , Qu Bo , Wang Chunmei , Zhao Feng , Zhang Li 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMastitis is among the main factors affecting milk quality and yield. Although DNA methylation is associated with mastitis, its role in mastitis remains unclear. In this study, a bovine mastitis mammary epithelial cells (BMMECs) model was established via Staphylococcus aureus infection of bovine mammary gland epithelial cells (BMECs). Bisulfite sequencing PCR was used to determine the methylation status of the AKT1 promoter in BMMECs. We found that the degree of the AKT1 promoter methylation in BMMECs was significantly greater than that in BMECs, and the expression levels of genes related to milk protein synthesis were significantly decreased. We used the pdCas9‐C‐Tet1‐SgRNA 2.0 system to regulate the methylation status of the AKT1 promoter. High‐efficiency sgRNAs were screened and dCas9‐guided AKT1 promoter demethylation vectors were constructed. Following transfection with the vectors, the degree of methylation of the AKT1 promoter was significantly reduced in BMMECs, while AKT1 protein levels increased. When the methylation level of the AKT1 promoter decreased, the synthesis of milk proteins and the expression levels of genes related to milk protein synthesis increased significantly. The viability of the BMMECs was enhanced. Taken together, these results indicate that demethylation guided by the pdCas9‐C‐Tet1‐SgRNA 2.0 system on the AKT1 promoter can reactivate the expression of AKT1 and AKT1/mTOR signaling pathway‐related proteins by reducing the AKT1 promoter methylation level and promoting the recovery milk protein expression in BMMECs, thereby alleviating the symptoms of mastitis.
ExcLAMation marks in a pelvic lymph node
Authors: Muroyama Yuki , Inoue Chihiro , Fujishima Fumiyoshi , Shigeta Shogo , Hasegawa‐Minato Junko , Shimada Muneaki , Suzuki Takashi 
Published: December 2023

Key Clinical MessageExtrapulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) can present as incidental nodal LAM in gynecological surgery specimens, that warrants systemic investigation and follow‐up of concurrent and subsequent development of pulmonary and extrapulmonary LAM.