bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High prevalence of trachomatous inflammation–follicular with no trachomatous trichiasis: can alternative indicators explain the epidemiology of trachoma in Côte d’Ivoire?
Authors: Atekem Kareen , Harding-Esch Emma M , Martin Diana L , Downs Philip , Palmer Stephanie L , Kaboré Achille , Kelly Michaela , Bovary Anoma , Sarr Astou , Nguessan Konan , James Fiona , Gwyn Sarah , Wickens Karana , Bakhtiari Ana , Boyd Sarah , Aba Ange , Senyonjo Laura , Courtright Paul , Meite Aboulaye 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Baseline trachoma surveys in Côte d'Ivoire (2019) identified seven evaluation units (EUs) with a trachomatous inflammation–follicular (TF) prevalence ≥10%, but a trachomatous trichiasis (TT) prevalence in individuals ≥15 y of age below the elimination threshold (0.2%). Two of these EUs, Bondoukou 1 and Bangolo 2, were selected for a follow-up survey to understand the epidemiology of trachoma using additional indicators of Chlamydia trachomatis infection (DNA from conjunctival swabs) and exposure (anti-Pgp3 and Ct694 antibodies from dried blood spots [DBSs]). A two-stage cluster sampling methodology was used to select villages and households. All individuals 1–9 y of age from each selected household were recruited, graded for trachoma and had a conjunctival swab and DBS collected. Conjunctival swabs and DBSs were tested using Cepheid GeneXpert and a multiplex bead assay, respectively. The age-adjusted TF and infection prevalence in 1- to 9-year-olds was &lt;1% and &lt;0.3% in both EUs. Age-adjusted seroprevalence was 5.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5 to 15.6) in Bondoukou 1 and 8.2% (95% CI 4.3 to 13.7) in Bangolo 2. The seroconversion rate for Pgp3 was low, at 1.23 seroconversions/100 children/year (95% CI 0.78 to 1.75) in Bondoukou 1 and 1.91 (95% CI 1.58 to 2.24) in Bangolo 2. Similar results were seen for CT694. These infection, antibody and clinical data provide strong evidence that trachoma is not a public health problem in either EU.
A secondary analysis to determine countries and districts eligible for documented full geographic coverage for trichiasis case finding and outreaches
Authors: Kamuyu Michael K , Kelly Michaela , Somerville Stephanie 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
The World Health Organization recommends house-to-house case searches as an option to evidence whether the elimination of trachomatous trichiasis (TT) has been reached. We sought to determine the number of trachoma-endemic countries and districts that will require either documented full geographic coverage (DFGC) or TT-only surveys.

Methods
We conducted a secondary analysis of data from the Trachoma Atlas to identify evaluation units (EUs) that require house-to-house case searches or TT-only surveys to demonstrate achievement of the elimination of TT.

Results
There were 1710 EUs with TT above the elimination prevalence target in all trachoma-endemic countries. Of those EUs, 852 (49.8%) do not have a future survey planned and will therefore potentially have to evidence through DFGC or TT-only surveys whether the elimination prevalence target for TT has been reached.

Conclusion
Of the large number of EUs that require TT-related activities, nearly half of them will need to evidence that every household in the EU has been visited by a case finder and all confirmed cases managed. Given that this is a relatively new way to evidence elimination, and countries face different sociopolitical challenges, cross-country learning and improved guidance is key to support global elimination.
Explaining the continuing high prevalence of trachomatous trichiasis unknown to the health system in evaluation units: a mixed methods explanatory study in four trachoma-endemic countries
Authors: Mwangi Grace , Harding-Esch Emma , Kabona George , Watitu Titus , Mpyet Caleb , Gemechu Alemu , Abdeta Alemayehu , Wamyil-Mshelia Teyil , Ajege Grace , Kelly Michaela , Abony Maurice , Otinda Peter , Chege Moses , Courtright Paul , Geneau Robert 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
We explored reasons for continuing higher-than-anticipated prevalence of trachomatous trichiasis (TT) unknown to the health system in population-based prevalence surveys in evaluation units where full geographical coverage of TT case finding was reported.

Methods
A mixed-methods study in Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria and Tanzania was conducted. We compared data from clinical examination, campaign documentation and interviews with original trachoma impact survey (TIS) results.

Results
Of 169 TT cases identified by TIS teams, 130 (77%) were examined in this study. Of those, 90 (69%) were a match (both TIS and study teams agreed on TT classification) and 40 (31%) were a mismatch. Of the 40 mismatches, 22 (55%) were identified as unknown to the health system by the study team but as known to the health system by the TIS team; 12 (30%) were identified as not having TT by the study team but as having TT by the TIS team; and six (15%) were identified as unknown to the health system in the TIS team but as known to the health system by the study team based on documentation reviewed.

Conclusions
Incorrectly reported geographical coverage of case-finding activities, and discrepancies in TT status between TIS results and more detailed assessments, are the key reasons identified for continuing high TT prevalence.
Carrier proteins boost expression of PR-39-derived peptide in Pichia pastoris
Authors: Liu Minzhi , Xiao Yao , Yang Yan , Zhou Sihan , Shen Xin , Zhang Youxi , Wang Wei 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Aims
Multidrug resistance presents difficulties in preventing and treating bacterial infections. Proline-rich antimicrobial peptides (PrAMPs) inhibit bacterial growth by affecting the intracellular targets rather than by permeabilizing the membrane. The aim of this study was to develop a yeast-based fusion carrier system using calmodulin (CaM) and xylanase (XynCDBFV) as two carriers to express the model PrAMP PR-39-derived peptide (PR-39-DP) in Pichia pastoris.

Methods and results
Fusion protein secreted into the culture supernatant was purified in a one-step on-column digestion using human rhinovirus 3C protease, obtaining the target peptide PR-39-DP. The growth curves of Escherichia coli were monitored by recording the OD600 values of the bacteria. The antibacterial activity of PR-39-DP was evaluated in killing assays performed on E. coli. The yield of PR-39-DP was 1.0–1.2 mg l−1 in the CaM fusion carrier system, approximately three times that of the XynCDBFV fusion carrier system. The minimal inhibitory concentration of PR-39-DP was ∼10.5 µg ml−1.

Conclusions
CaM and XynCDBFV provide increased stability and promote the expression and secretion of active PR-39-DP.
Microvascular density and vasculogenic mimicry the predictive signatures of prognosis and therapeutic response in gliomas—a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Kyaruzi Victor M , Mduma Emmanuel , Darko Kwadwo , Ibekwe Jonas L , Kajogoo Violet D , Kamabu Larrey K , Eltingary Mazin M , Emhemed Marwa S A , Daniel Jeremiah O I , Sikakulya Franck , Yousif Zobidah Y E , Foka Tcheutchoua K , Mwakigonja Amos 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Malignant gliomas are the most angiogenic aggressive tumours with high proliferative and invasion phenotypes. Total microvessel density, the combination of the microvascular density and the vasculogenic mimicry status, is a biomarker closely associated with the aggressiveness of a tumour including its invasive and metastatic potential. This review aims to investigate the relationship between vasculogenic mimicry and microvascular density, and its association with prognosis and therapeutic response in gliomas across the available randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and cross-sectional studies to optimize the strength of evidence for underpinning the strategy for treating tumours. We will conduct the Systematic and Meta-analysis by employing the provisions of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) 2020 guideline and the review protocol will be submitted to International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) for registration before commencement of the study. We will construct the search strategy using a combination of ‘glioma’, ‘microvascular density’, ‘vasculogenic mimicry’, ‘prognostic significance’ and ‘therapeutic response’ from the four databases (Scopus, EMBASE, PubMed and Cochrane Library). This review will be conducted without the involvement of human participants, making ethical clearance approval inapplicable. The protocol for this review will be duly registered with the PROSPERO registry. The final report of this review will be shared at scientific conferences, both locally and internationally, and the protocol and final results will be published in a reputable Neurosurgery journal.
Dust formation in common envelope binary interaction – I: 3D simulations using the Bowen approximation
Authors: González-Bolívar Miguel , De Marco Orsola , Bermúdez-Bustamante Luis C , Siess Lionel , Price Daniel J 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
We carried out 3D smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations of the common envelope binary interaction using the approximation of Bowen to calculate the dust opacity in order to investigate the resulting dust-driven accelerations. We have simulated two types of binary star: a 1.7 and a 3.7 M⊙ thermally pulsating, asymptotic giant branch stars with a 0.6 M⊙ companion. We carried out simulations using both an ideal gas and a tabulated equations of state, with the latter considering the recombination energy of the envelope. We found that the dust-driven wind leads to a relatively small increase in the unbound gas, with the effect being smaller for the tabulated equation of state simulations. Dust acceleration does contribute to envelope expansion with only a slightly elongated morphology, if we believe the results from the tabulated equation of state as more reliable. The Bowen opacities in the outer envelopes of the two models, at late times, are large enough that the photosphere of the post-in spiral object is about ten times larger compared to the same without accounting for the dust opacities. As such, the prediction of the appearance of the transient would change substantially if dust is included.
Post-transcriptional regulation shapes the transcriptome of quiescent budding yeast
Authors: Greenlaw Alison C , Alavattam Kris G , Tsukiyama Toshio 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
To facilitate long-term survival, cells must exit the cell cycle and enter quiescence, a reversible non-replicative state. Budding yeast cells reprogram their gene expression during quiescence entry to silence transcription, but how the nascent transcriptome changes in quiescence is unknown. By investigating the nascent transcriptome, we identified over a thousand noncoding RNAs in quiescent and G1 yeast cells, and found noncoding transcription represented a larger portion of the quiescent transcriptome than in G1. Additionally, both mRNA and ncRNA are subject to increased post-transcriptional regulation in quiescence compared to G1. We found that, in quiescence, the nuclear exosome-NNS pathway suppresses over one thousand mRNAs, in addition to canonical noncoding RNAs. RNA sequencing through quiescent entry revealed two distinct time points at which the nuclear exosome controls the abundance of mRNAs involved in protein production, cellular organization, and metabolism, thereby facilitating efficient quiescence entry. Our work identified a previously unknown key biological role for the nuclear exosome-NNS pathway in mRNA regulation and uncovered a novel layer of gene-expression control in quiescence.
Strategies to obtain highly ordered deuterated ices presented on the example of ice XIV
Authors: Tonauer Christina M , Hauschild Elisabet , Eisendle Silvia , Fuentes-Landete Violeta , Yamashita Keishiro , Hoffmann Lars , Böhmer Roland , Loerting Thomas 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Highly ordered deuterated ices have been inaccessible in the past due to the unfavorable slow kinetics. On the example of ice XIV, we introduce three strategies in this study that enhance the degree of order compared with the literature approach of slow cooling. These strategies involve (i) isothermal annealing under pressure, (ii) aging at 77 K, and (iii) introducing isotope defects in addition to the previously used strategy of acid/base doping. We employ the techniques of calorimetry, dielectric relaxation spectroscopy, volumetry, and powder X-ray diffraction to investigate orientational order on the example of the ice XIV–XII order–disorder pair. These strategies allow us to access highly ordered D2O-ice XIV, tripling the degree of order reached in previous work. These strategies can be employed for other ice phases and hold the potential for future discoveries of new forms of ice with distinct material properties.
Pregnant Thinkers
Authors: Kovacs David Mark 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Do pregnant mothers have foetuses as parts? According to the ‘parthood view’, they do, while according to the ‘containment view’, they don’t. This paper raises a novel puzzle about pregnancy: If mothers have their foetuses as parts, then wherever there is a pregnant mother, there is also a smaller thinking being that has every part of the mother except for those that overlap with the foetus. This problem resembles a familiar overpopulation puzzle from the personal identity literature, known as the ‘Thinking Parts Problem’, but it's not merely a special case of that problem. Rather, the fact that late-term foetuses have a mental life of their own makes the Problem of Pregnant Thinkers, as I will call it, a sui generis and especially recalcitrant problem.
Factors associated with treatment intensification in patients with axial spondyloarthritis and high disease activity in clinical practice
Authors: Webers Casper , Nezam El-Din Rabab , Beckers Esther , Been Marin , Vonkeman Harald E , van Tubergen Astrid 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective
To investigate which factors are associated with treatment intensification (TI) in axial SpA (axSpA) patients with high disease activity (HDA).

Methods
Patients with axSpA and HDA [Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) ≥2.1] from the Dutch SpA-Net registry were included. TI was defined as: (i) higher dose or shorter interval of the same drug, (ii) switch from current drug to another due to inefficacy or (iii) addition of a new drug. Only anti-inflammatory drugs were considered. Primary determinants considered were ASDAS, Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society Health Index (ASAS HI) and physician global assessment (PhGA). Acceptable symptom state according to patient (PASS-patient) or physician (PASS-physician) were included in sensitivity analyses. Patient-centred and physician-centred logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between potential determinants and TI.

Results
In total, 121 patients with HDA were included. TI was conducted in a minority (41/121, 33.9%), and mainly involved a switch or addition of a drug. In multivariable regression analyses, a higher ASDAS was associated with TI in the patient-centred model [odds ratio (OR)ASDAS = 1.94 (95% CI 1.00–3.74)]. However, in the physician-centred model, this association attenuated, and PhGA or PASS-physician were the primary factors associated with TI [ORPhGA = 1.71 (1.24–2.34); ORPASS-physician = 94.95]. Interestingly, patient-centred factors (ASAS HI/PASS-patient/education level) did not contribute to TI.

Conclusion
In practice, treatment is intensified in a minority of axSpA patients with HDA. Physician-centred factors are associated with the decision to change treatment, independently of disease activity or patient perspective. Further research is needed to better understand these decisions.
Systemic lupus erythematosus patients have unique changes in serum metabolic profiles across age associated with cardiometabolic risk
Authors: Jury Elizabeth C , Peng Junjie , Van Vijfeijken Alexandra , Martin Gutierrez Lucia , Woodridge Laurel , Wincup Chris , Pineda-Torra Ines , Ciurtin Coziana , Robinson George A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Cardiovascular disease through accelerated atherosclerosis is a leading cause of mortality for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), likely due to increased chronic inflammation and cardiometabolic defects over age. We investigated age-associated changes in metabolomic profiles of SLE patients and healthy controls (HCs).

Methods
Serum NMR metabolomic profiles from female SLE patients (n = 164, age = 14–76) and HCs (n = 123, age = 13–72) were assessed across age by linear regression and by age group between patients/HCs (Group 1, age ≤ 25, n = 62/46; Group 2, age = 26–49, n = 50/46; Group 3, age ≥ 50, n = 52/31) using multiple t tests. The impact of inflammation, disease activity and treatments were assessed, and UK Biobank disease-wide association analysis of metabolites was performed.

Results
Age-specific metabolomic profiles were identified in SLE patients vs HCs, including reduced amino acids (Group 1), increased very-low-density lipoproteins (Group 2), and increased low-density lipoproteins (Group 3). Twenty-five metabolites were significantly altered in all SLE age groups, dominated by decreased atheroprotective high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subsets, HDL-bound apolipoprotein (Apo)A1 and increased glycoprotein acetyls (GlycA). Furthermore, ApoA1 and GlycA were differentially associated with disease activity and serological measures, as well as atherosclerosis incidence and myocardial infarction mortality risk through disease-wide association. Separately, glycolysis pathway metabolites (acetone/citrate/creatinine/glycerol/lactate/pyruvate) uniquely increased with age in SLE, significantly influenced by prednisolone (increased pyruvate/lactate) and hydroxychloroquine (decreased citrate/creatinine) treatment and associated with type 1 and type 2 diabetes by disease-wide association.

Conclusions
Increasing HDL (ApoA1) levels through therapeutic/nutritional intervention, whilst maintaining low disease activity, in SLE patients from a young age could improve cardiometabolic disease outcomes. Biomarkers from the glycolytic pathway could indicate adverse metabolic effects of current therapies.
Effects of sources and routes of administration of vitamins A, D and copper on postnatal status of these micronutrients in piglets
Authors: Galiot Lucie , Audet Isabelle , Ouattara Bazoumana , Lo Verso Luca , Bissonnette Nathalie , Guy Bertrand , Litta Gilberto , Talbot Guylaine , Lessard Martin , Lapointe Jérôme , Guay Frédéric , Matte Jean Jacques 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTwenty-six nulliparous sows were fed conventional gestation and lactation diets supplemented (N = 13) or not (N = 13) with extra daily supplements of 25-hydroxy-cholecalciferol (25-OH-D3; 4 ĸIU), β-carotene (24 ĸIU), and copper (Cu)-proteinate (45 mg) from day 90 of gestation to 21 d of lactation (L21). In each litter, 10 piglets were divided into 5 pairs received, at 2 (L2) and 8 d (L8) of age, one of the five combinations of micronutrient sources and routes of administration (N = 260 piglets total). These neonatal treatments (N = 26 pairs or 52 piglets each) consisted of oral vitamin D3, retinol acetate and CuSO4 (T1); oral 25-OH-D3, β-carotene, and Cu proteinate (T2); exposure to ultraviolet light (UVB), oral retinol palmitate and Cu gluconate (T3); intramuscular vitamin D3 and retinyl propionate and oral Cu acetate (T4); oral saline (CTRL). Oral or intramuscular provisions corresponded to 12 mg of Cu and 70 and 12 ĸIU of vitamins A and D, respectively. Blood samples were collected from all piglets at L2, L8, and L21 for determination of serum Cu, retinol, and 25-OH-D3. Body weight was measured at birth, L2, L8, and L21. Piglets were weaned at L21, and liver and blood samples were collected 2 d later to evaluate oxidative enzymes in blood and liver and hepatic ATP concentrations and expression of genes associated with antioxidant status. Sow treatments had marginal or no impacts on Cu, retinol, 25-OH-D3, or antioxidant status in piglet blood serum and liver. However, when supplements were given to piglets, hepatic Cu was 38% greater in for all treated piglets compared to CTRL (P &lt; 0.01), hepatic retinol was 3 times higher in T1 than in CTRL (P &lt; 0.01) and intermediate for other treatments whereas serum 25-OH-D3 was markedly increased with T2 and T3 at L8 and L21, respectively, compared to CTRL (Piglet treatment × Age interaction, P &lt; 0.01). Concerning antioxidant activities, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase were increased (P &lt; 0.03) in plasma of T2 piglets whereas the highest values (P &lt; 0.03) for indicators of oxidative damage to proteins were observed in T4 piglets. The study revealed that oral Cu proteinate from T2, oral retinol acetate from T1, oral 25-hydroxy-cholecalciferol from T2, and UVB light exposure from T3 were the most efficient ways of increasing the postnatal status of these micronutrients in suckling piglets and this may have some impacts on their peri-weaning antioxidant status.
Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Nursing Education
Authors: Mulkey David , Fetter Katherine 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT:
Nurse educators must prepare graduates who advance diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) across healthcare to decrease health disparities among diverse populations. Defining DEI and reflecting on personal implicit bias can help nurse educators intentionally integrate DEI throughout the nursing curriculum. This article explores DEI in the Bible and examines the Christian educator's role in promoting classroom diversity, providing equitable support for all students, and developing strategies for inclusive teaching. Addressing DEI from a biblical viewpoint can give nursing students the knowledge, skills, and attitudes needed to impact the well-being of all patients.
Drug-Induced Parotitis—A Rarity?
Authors: Kumar Sweatha , Devarajan Vidya , Sivaramakrishnan Ramya , Kalyanasundaram Srinivasan , P.K Purushothaman , Raj Rufus Vasanth 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Unilateral parotitis is due to ductal obstruction. Bilateral parotitis occurs due to viral infections such as mumps, bacterial infections, Sjögren syndrome, and ductal obstruction. Drug-induced parotitis is a relatively uncommon adverse reaction, and it can be unilateral and bilateral. Unilateral causes of drug-induced parotitis can be due to clozapine, chlorpromazine, l-asparaginase, and α-methyldopa, whereas bilateral causes can be due to thioridazine, sulfadiazine, phenylbutazone, oxyphenylbutazone, nitrofurantoin, and valproic acid. Adverse reactions to sulfonamide are rare and manifest as rashes or urticaria. Herein, we report a case of acute unilateral parotitis occurring as a result of cotrimoxazole that resolved within 48 hours after discontinuation of therapy, which highlights that sulfonamide therapy can cause parotitis. Early clinical suspicion and discontinuation of therapy help in the prompt resolution of the allergic reaction to cotrimoxazole.