bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A human oviduct‐specific glycoprotein: Synthesis, secretion, and localization during the menstrual cycle
Authors: O'day‐Bowman Mary B. , Mavrogianis Patricia A. , Fazleabas Asgerally T. , Verhage Harold G. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe major objective of this study was to examine the hormonal regulation of a human oviduct‐specific glycoprotein (huOGP) throughout the menstrual cycle and in all regions of the human oviduct. Regulation of synthesis and secretion was examined at both the protein (Western immunoblots and immunocytochemistry) and mRNA (Northern and slot blots) levels and correlated with changes in the morphological features of the oviductal epithelial cells throughout the cycle. Immunoblot analysis of oviductal fluid and explant culture media from all regions of the oviduct demonstrated that huOGP is primarily found during the follicular stage of the cycle and is not present in serum, follicular fluid, or uterine endometrium. Moreover, two‐dimensional (2‐D) immunoblots showed that all major isoelectric variants of huOGP observed on 2‐D fluorographs are immunologically related. Light microscopic immunocytochemistry localized huOGP to oviductal secretory cells in both ampulla and isthmic regions, with the most intense immunoperoxidase staining seen in midcycle samples. Using an indirect immunogold technique at the electron microscopic level, huOGP was specifically localized to secretory granules of the ampullary and isthmic nonciliated epithelial cells. The ultrastructural characteristics of these secretory cells during the mid to late follicular phase of the cycle suggested elevated protein synthetic activity. In addition, mRNA expression for huOGP was elevated in all regions of the oviduct in midcycle specimens. Collectively, these data indicate that huOGP is a major tissue‐specific, stage‐specific secretory product of the human oviduct during the periovulatory stage of the cycle and support the hypothesis that huOGP synthesis and secretion may be regulated by fluctuations in the levels of estrogen and progesterone. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Amphibian parathyroids: Morphological and functional aspects
Authors: Srivastav Ajai Kumar , Das Vijai K. , Das Shobha , Sasayama Yuichi , Suzuki Nobuo 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAmphibians living partially or totally in a terrestrial environment are the first tetrapods to possess parathyroid glands. Purely aquatic amphibians and amphibian larvae lack these endocrine glands. The parathyroids develop at the time of metamorphosis. The parathyroid glands in caecilians consist of a single cell type, that of urodeles may be composed of basal (supporting) cells and suprabasal (chief) cells, and that of anurans of small and large chief cells. Parathyroid glands of caecilians and anurans lack connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerves. The parathyroid cells become activated in response to decreased blood calcium concentration and undergo changes indicating increased parathyroid hormone secretion. Increased blood calcium concentration suppresses secretory activity. Usually, parathyroidectomy elicits hypocalcemia in most amphibians. Such operations have no effect in lower urodeles. Parathyroid hormone administration provokes hypercalcemia in most amphibians. The parathyroids of caecilians have not been studied in detail. The urodeles and anurans exhibit seasonal changes in the parathyroid glands. These changes may be initiated by environmental stimuli such as light, temperature, or alterations in blood calcium levels caused by natural hibernation. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microvascularization of corpuscles of stannius in teleost fishes
Authors: Lametschwandtner Alois 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBlood supply and microvascular patterns of Stannius corpuscles were studied by scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts in the teleost fishes Blennius pavo, Zosterisessor ophiocephalus, and Gasterosteus aculeatus. Microvascular casts demonstrated that Stannius corpuscles—depending on their location—have an arterial supply derived either directly from the dorsal aorta, from the trunk of the first ventral segmental artery of the tail, or from a renal artery. Supplying arteries form a capsular capillary bed and a parenchymal capillary bed; both are composed of fine, freely anastomosing vessels with a homogeneous isotropic distribution. Central venules arise deep in the corpuscles. In the capsule, they form a single vein which drains into a segmental vein or directly into the caudal vein. Stanniocalcin, the hormone of the Stannius corpuscle, enters the renal circulation and reaches its main target organs, the gills, via posterior cardinal veins—heart—ventral aorta. Occasionally, some capsular venules empty into the trunk kidney peritubular venules. Capillaries are fenestrated and are embraced by pericytes with long, slender processes. The perivascular space contains collagen fibrils. Nerve fibers are found close to endothelial cells and pericytes. Vascular patterns of Stannius corpuscles are compared with those of the rat parathyroid glands and are discussed in respect to physiological implications. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ultrastructure of human parathyroid cells in health and disease
Authors: Cinti Saverio , Sbarbati Andrea 
Published: February 2005

AbstractParathyroid glands (n = 271) removed from 130 patients were examined by light and electron microscopy. A standardized method of tissue processing was employed and morphometry was performed. The aim of the paper is to provide a description of the human parathyroid chief cell ultrastructure in health and disease, with quantitative evaluation of structures involved in secretion of parathyroid hormone in a large case series, and to discuss their role in current diagnostic histopathology. The patients were euparathyroid (n = 10), or affected by primary (n = 97), secondary (n = 8), or tertiary (n = 15) hyperparathyroidism. In normal glands, solid parenchyma was composed of chief cells, large clear cells, transitional‐oxyphil cells, and oxyphil cells. Chief cell hyperplasia, pseudo‐adenomatous hyperplasia, adenoma, water‐clear cell hyperplasia, and carcinoma were the most usual forms of parathyroid disease responsible for primary hyperparathyroidism. In chief cell hyperplasia, all the parathyroid glands were enlarged and the chief cells were in an active state of hormone secretion, with a large Golgi complex, abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), small lipid droplets, and tortuous plasma membrane. In pseudo‐adenomatous hyperplasia, one gland was enlarged and the others displayed a normal size; however, electron microscopic examination and morphometric analysis showed that all the glands had active cells. Adenomas displayed a pattern similar to those of pseudo‐adenomatous hyperplasia, with one gland enlarged and the others of normal size. However, ultrastructural examination and morphometry showed that the normal‐size glands were hypo‐active. Water‐clear cell hyperplasia showed cells filled with cytoplasmic vacuoles. In these cells, structures with intermediate features between secretory granules and vacuoles were visible. Nucleo‐cytoplasmic atypias were frequently visible in parathyroid carcinoma cells. In secondary and tertiary hyperplasia, active chief cells were regularly mixed with oxyphil or transitional‐oxyphil cells. The tertiary hyperplasia was characterized by RER‐associated structures that were not found in the normal or other pathologic conditions. These results demonstrate that electron microscopy and morphometry represent useful tools in parathyroid histopathology. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spontaneous and induced remyelination in multiple sclerosis and the theiler's virus model of central nervous system demyelination
Authors: Miller David J. , Rodriguez Moses 
Published: February 2005

AbstractRemyelination in the central nervous system, originally thought to occur rarely, if ever, is now an established phenomena in multiple sclerosis patients. However, the extent of myelin repair is incomplete and limited. Experimental models of central nervous system demyelination provide an opportunity to study the cellular and molecular events involved in remyelination. These models may provide some clue to why remyelination in multiple sclerosis is incomplete as well as suggest potential methods to stimulate central nervous system repair. In this review we examine the morphological aspects of central nervous system remyelination and discuss both spontaneous and induced remyelination in multiple sclerosis and experimental models of central nervous system demyelination. We give special emphasis to the Theiler's virus model of central nervous system demyelination and its usefulness to identify therapeutic agents to promote remyelination. The role of immunoglobulins in promoting remyelination in both the Theiler's model system and in multiple sclerosis is discussed. Finally, we examine the potential physiological role of demyelination and remyelination and its relationship with clinical manifestations of central nervous system disease. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microwave fixation: Understanding the variables to achieve rapid reproducible results
Authors: Giberson Richard T. , Demaree Richard S. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe use of microwave irradiation for rapid chemical fixation of tissues in electron microscopy is a subject of current interest. The effect of water load size and location, sample placement in the oven cavity (hot or cold spots), and time on tissue preservation were examined. The use of a microwave container (4 dram vial) encased in 60 ml of ice in a 100 ml polyethylene beaker and a 0% power setting between two 100% power settings (time interval) provided reliable control of temperature during microwave irradiation. High brightness neon lights provided a quick and easy method to identify and map hot and cold spots within the oven cavity. Using microwave irradiation for rapid glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide fixation of tissues (Pacific yew needle and mouse kidney and liver) for electron microscopy yielded preservation equal or better than routine immersion fixation when a time interval, a cold spot (as the sample location), and an ice‐encased vial were used during microwave fixation. These adaptations provided reliable control of fixation conditions in an 800 watt laboratory microwave oven. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interpreting MHC class I expression and class I/class II reciprocity in the CNS: Reconciling divergent findings
Authors: Lampson Lois A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractMHC‐restricted T cells are thought to contribute to clinical demyelination in MS and other circumstances. The step‐by‐step mechanisms involved and ways of controlling them are still being defined. Identification of the MHC+ cells in the CNS in situ has been controversial. This chapter reviews MHC expression in neural tissue, including normal, pathological, experimental, and developing tissue in situ and isolated cells in vitro. A basic pattern is defined, in which MHC expression is limited to nonneural cells and strongest class I and II expression are on different cell types. Variations from the basic pattern are reviewed. Ways of reconciling divergent findings are discussed, including the use of “mock tissue” to help choose between technical and biological bases for divergent findings, the potential contribution of internal antigen to the in situ staining patterns, and the possibility that class I upregulation is actively suppressed in situ. Functional implications of the observed patterns of MHC expression and ways of confirming the function of each MHC+ cell type in situ are described. It is suggested that modulating MHC expression in different cell types at different times or in different directions might be desirable. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: A review of the pathology and pathogenesis
Authors: Aksamit Allen J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractProgressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is an important viral opportunistic infection of oligodendrocytes leading to direct demyelination. Virus is likely disseminated to the brain via the blood. However, the timing of that dissemination with relationship to clinical disease is unknown. Important clues about viral pathogenesis have been learned by applying molecular in situ techniques to diseased brain. The oligodendrocyte is the primary target for JC virus infection, and its death is the primary reason for demyelination. Bizarre astrocytes show limited viral DNA replication but are abortively infected. Although lymphoid organs can be infected by JC virus, there is no definitive evidence that lymphoid cells carry virus into the brain at the time of immunosuppression. JC virus may be reactivated from a latent state in both the brain and in non‐central nervous system (CNS) organs at the time of immunosuppression, leading to clinical disease. Future sensitive in situ studies will likely resolve controversies about pathogenesis. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Freeze‐Fracture, Deep‐Etch, and Freeze‐Substitution Studies of Olfactory Epithelia, With Special Emphasis on Immunocytochemical Variables
Authors: Menco Bert 
Published: February 2005

AbstractFreeze‐fracturing and deep‐etching are a well‐suited set of methods to study membrane and cytoplasmic features. Various approaches are available. Possible variables include tissue preparation, fracturing only or fracturing followed by etching, modes and materials of replication, and various ways of combining freeze‐fracturing and/or deep‐etching with (immuno)cytochemistry. Freeze‐substitution, in particular combined with embedding in methacrylate resins such as the Lowicryls, is becoming rather widely accepted for purposes of ultrastructural (immuno)cytochemistry. Most investigators active in this field agree that this combination yields superior results compared to (immuno)cytochemistry combined with more conventional means of thin section transmission electron microscopy. Yet relatively little information is available on the variations that can occur with different approaches of freeze‐substitution immunocytochemistry. This review deals with some of the variations in freeze‐fracturing, freeze‐etching, and freeze‐substitution as applied to olfactory epithelial structures and with the effectiveness of observations obtained by application of the above sets of methods in relating the special morphology of olfactory epithelial cellular structures with those obtained by other approaches. Indeed, the data obtained continue to provide an integral image in which that morphology can be related to the special biochemistry, cell and molecular biology, and electrophysiology of olfactory epithelial structures. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Colocalization of mRNA and protein using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in testicular tissue
Authors: Millar M. R. , Sharpe R. M. , Maguire S. M. , Gaughan J. , Saunders P. T. K. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractUsing testes fixed by perfusion with Bouin's fluid and embedded in paraffin wax, this study has established methods for combining in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry on the same section to colocalize mRNA and protein for transition protein‐1 (TP‐1) and sulfated glycoprotein‐1 (SGP‐1), respectively. It was found that SGP‐1 could be detected in tissue sections subsequent to the detection of TP‐1 mRNA in situ. The finding that (1) the tissue pretreatments required to permeabilize the section and to allow access to the probe, and (2) the hybridization conditions themselves, had no adverse effect on the detection of antigen, eases the performance of this technique. On this basis, important information could be obtained on the transcriptional and translational activity of spermatogenic cells, if related probes and antibodies are utilized. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel Biomimetic Surfactant: Synthesis and Micellar Characteristics
Authors: Xu Jian‐Ping , Ji Jian , Chen Wei‐Dong , Shen Jia‐Cong 
Published: February 2005

AbstractSummary: Novel biomimetic surfactants based on cholesterol as the hydrophobic segment and poly[2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine] (pMPC) as the hydrophilic segment were synthesized in the present study by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of 2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) using a cholesterol‐based macroinitiator. The association behavior of cholesterol‐block‐poly[2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine] (Chol‐pMPCs) in aqueous solution was studied by 1H NMR spectroscopy, fluorescence probe technique, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The 1H NMR spectrum of the polymer in CD3OD showed both the cholesterol group and the phosphorylcholine group while the cholesterol group did not appeared in the 1H NMR spectrum of the polymer in D2O, which implied the formation of a micelle structure. Fluorescence excitation spectra of a pyrene probe solubilized in the aggregates of Chol‐pMPCs suggested the presence of a critical micelle concentration (cmc) in water. The critical micelle concentrations of the polymers CMPC10, CMPC20 and CMPC40 were determined to be 7.27 × 10−3, 13.47 × 10−3, and 20.77 × 10−3 mg · mL−1, respectively. AFM images of the aggregates on mica suggested that the pMPC block formed the biocompatible micelle coronas and the cholesterol block formed the hydrophobic micelle cores. These new biomimetic diblock copolymers were evaluated as “stealthy” nanocapsules for the delivery of hydrophobic drugs. The anti‐cancer drug adriamycin (ADR) was chosen as a hydrophobic drug to be incorporated into the inner core of the micelles and the morphology of the drug‐loaded micelles were observed by AFM.Schematic of the biomimetic block copolymers and their micellization, and an AFM image of the micelles deposited on mica.magnified imageSchematic of the biomimetic block copolymers and their micellization, and an AFM image of the micelles deposited on mica.
Mechanism of Conjugated Polymer Organization on SWNT Surfaces
Authors: Narizzano Riccardo , Nicolini Claudio 
Published: February 2005

AbstractSummary: The interactions between poly{(2,6‐pyridinylenevinylene)‐co‐[(2,5‐dioctyloxy‐p‐phenylene)vinylene]} (PPyPV) and SWNTs have been investigated using UV‐Vis absorption spectroscopy. The SWNTs promoted polymer organization. PPyPV is a Lewis base and can be doped by strong and weak Lewis acids. The basicity strength of the PPyPV depended on the polymer interchain interactions, which were enhanced by the presence of SWNTs. As the SWNT concentration was increased, an increment in the Kb of PPyPV was observed.
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Re‐Gradation of Photo‐Oxidized Post‐Consumer Greenhouse Films
Authors: La Mantia Franceso P. , Dintcheva Nadka Tzankova 
Published: February 2005

AbstractSummary: The degradation undergone by the polymers during their use and because of the thermo‐mechanical degradation undergone during the reprocessing operations provokes, among other effects, the decrease of the molecular weight. The change of the molecular architecture is responsible for the deterioration of all the properties. In order to restore the properties of post‐consumer recycled plastics, some rebuilding of the molecular structure is necessary. In this work, photo‐oxidized films for greenhouses were reprocessed in presence of additives able to react with the polyethylene in order to form branching and cross‐linking, improving the properties of these post‐consumer plastic.Pressure as a function of time in the mini twin‐screw extruder, processing speed 70 rpm.magnified imagePressure as a function of time in the mini twin‐screw extruder, processing speed 70 rpm.
Low‐Band Gap Polyplatinaynes with Electron‐Accepting Silole Units
Authors: Wong Wai‐Yeung , Wong Chun‐Kin , Poon Suk‐Yue , Lee Albert W.‐M. , Mo Tian , Wei Xin 
Published: February 2005

AbstractSummary: The synthesis and thermal, redox and photoluminescence properties of a soluble donor‐acceptor polyplatinayne with the electron‐accepting silole ring and its model compound are described. The polymer has an optical band gap of 2.10 eV which is much lower than that of thienyl‐ or silyl‐bridged congeners. The incorporation of electron‐accepting silole unit in the metallopolymer main chain creates a new π‐conjugated system that features unique donor‐acceptor characteristics.
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Clinical and genetic evaluation in a French population presenting with primary focal dystonia
Authors: Dhaenens Claire‐Marie , Krystkowiak Pierre , Douay Xavier , Charpentier Pierre , Bele Sylvain , Destée Alain , Sablonnière Bernard 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPrimary focal dystonia (PFD) is known to be a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of movement disorders. To evaluate the frequency of familial focal dystonia in a French population presenting with PFD, we screened 197 patients (150 index cases and 47 affected family members) presenting focal primary dystonia for the GAG deletion in the DYT1 gene and analyzed linkage to the DYT6, DYT7, and DYT13 loci in those who presented a family history. Fourteen families could be recruited and, among them 47 new symptomatic individuals could be identified by clinical examination. A group of 104 patients were without family history and 46 patients (30.7%) were found to have at least one first‐degree relative with dystonia. Mean age at onset was significantly later (55.4 ± 14.0 years) in the blepharospasm group and earlier in patients with writer's cramp (35.8 ± 14.0 years). The group of patients with family history showed a mean age at onset significantly earlier (39.2 ± 18.0) than in patients without family history (47.4 ± 14.4 years). Fourteen families demonstrated an autosomal mode of transmission and five families were studied further for genetic linkage analysis, but no significant linkage to one of the three loci could be observed. Our results illustrate the importance of genetic factors and the clinical heterogeneity of PFD. They indicate the existence of one or several as yet unmapped genes responsible for these diseases. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Dopaminergic innervation of the human striatum in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Porritt Michelle , Stanic Davor , Finkelstein David , Batchelor Peter , Lockhart Sharon , Hughes Andrew , Kalnins Renate , Howells David 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIn Parkinson's disease (PD), dopaminergic input to the caudate nucleus and a band of putaminal tissue abutting the external globus pallidus seems well preserved on immunohistochemical staining for the dopamine transporter. Counting of dopaminergic terminals showed that terminal density in these regions in PD was the same as that in controls, which indicates that input is truly preserved and not a consequence of a compensatory upregulation of metabolism in a reduced pool of surviving terminals. When the branching pattern of dopaminergic axons coursing through the globus pallidus was examined, we found no evidence for increased axonal sprouting in PD that might have contributed to preservation of dopaminergic input to the putamen or caudate nucleus. Although terminal counting indicated that anatomic input was preserved to parts of the striatum, dopamine uptake site density in these regions was reduced significantly. This suggests that the impact of disease in these areas is more profound than was thought previously. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Parkinsonism in the course of HTLV‐I‐associated myelopathy
Authors: Puccioni‐Sohler Marzia , Papais‐Alvarenga Regina , de Souza Priscila Mesquita , de França Silvia Curi , Gonçalves Reizer Reis , Jacobson Steven 
Published: February 2005

AbstractParkinsonian syndromes may represent a complication of viral infection. Human T cell lymphotropic virus I (HTLV‐I) is a cause of a chronic myelopathy in which encephalic involvement has been also found. We report on the case of a 60‐year‐old man with HTLV‐I‐associated myelopathy, complicated with bradykinesia, resting tremor, and cogwheel rigidity. These findings suggest that parkinsonian features may represent a neurological disorder associated with HTLV‐I infection. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society