bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conversion to faricimab after prior anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for persistent diabetic macular oedema
Authors: Durrani Asad Farooq , Momenaei Bita , Wakabayashi Taku , Vemula Sudheshna , Pandit Saagar A , Hsu Jason , Ho Allen C , Spirn Marc J , Klufas Michael A , Garg Sunir J , Vander James F , Regillo Carl D , Chiang Allen , Kuriyan Ajay E , Yonekawa Yoshihiro 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundTo assess the anatomical and functional outcomes in eyes with persistent diabetic macular oedema (pDME) on chronic anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy switched to intravitreal faricimab.MethodsPatients with pDME on chronic anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy that were switched to faricimab and received at least three injections at our institution between April 2022 and May 2023 were included in this study. Patients were excluded if they had complete response to previous treatment but were switched to extend treatment intervals if they had steroid or laser treatment for DME within 6 months prior to switch. Clinical and imaging data were extracted from the electronic medical record. Central foveal thickness (CFT) and Snellen visual acuity (VA) were obtained before and after three intravitreal faricimab injections. Generalised estimating equations were used to analyse the change in CFT and VA.ResultDuring the study period, 69 eyes of 53 patients met inclusion criteria. The mean age was 68.6±9.0 years. The mean number of injections prior to switch was 18.1±16.0. Pre-switch mean logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution VA was 0.40±0.30 (Snellen equivalent 20/50) and 0.38±0.27 (Snellen equivalent 20/48) after three faricimab injections (p=0.397). Mean CFT improved from 380±155 microns to 323±147 microns (p<0.001). No ophthalmic or systemic adverse events occurred during the study period.ConclusionsIntravitreal faricimab can improve anatomic outcomes while maintaining visual acuity in eyes with pDME previously treated with anti-VEGF therapy.
Exploring the association between cognitive activity and symptom resolution following concussion in adolescents aged 11–17 years
Authors: Yang Jingzhen , Alshaikh Enas , Asa Nichole , VonDeylen Olivia , Desai Nikhil , Taylor Hudson Gerry , Pommering Thomas , MacDonald James P , Cohen Daniel M , Yeates Keith Owen 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveAs opposed to postconcussion physical activity, the potential influence of cognitive activity on concussion recovery is not well characterised. This study evaluated the intensity and duration of daily cognitive activity reported by adolescents following concussion and examined the associations between these daily cognitive activities and postconcussion symptom duration.MethodsThis study prospectively enrolled adolescents aged 11–17 years with a physician-confirmed concussion diagnosis within 72 hours of injury from the emergency department and affiliated concussion clinics. Participants were followed daily until symptom resolution or a maximum of 45 days postinjury to record their daily cognitive activity (intensity and duration) and postconcussion symptom scores.ResultsParticipants (n=83) sustained their concussion mostly during sports (84%), had a mean age of 14.2 years, and were primarily male (65%) and white (72%). Participants reported an average of 191 (SD=148), 166 (SD=151) and 38 (SD=61) minutes of low-intensity, moderate-intensity and high-intensity daily cognitive activity postconcussion while still being symptomatic. Every 10 standardised minutes per hour increase in moderate-intensity or high-intensity cognitive activities postconcussion was associated with a 22% greater rate of symptom resolution (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.22, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.47). Additionally, each extra day’s delay in returning to school postconcussion was associated with an 8% lower rate of symptom resolution (aHR 0.92, 95% CI 0.85 to 0.99).ConclusionIn adolescents with concussion, more moderate-high intensity cognitive activity is associated with faster symptom resolution, and a delayed return to school is associated with slower symptom resolution. However, these relationships may be bidirectional and do not necessarily imply causality. Randomised controlled trials are needed to determine if exposure to early cognitive activity can promote concussion recovery in adolescents.
Mixed methods system for the assessment of post-exertional malaise in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: an exploratory study
Authors: Stussman Barbara , Calco Brice , Norato Gina , Gavin Angelique , Chigurupati Snigdha , Nath Avindra , Walitt Brian 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundA central feature of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is post-exertional malaise (PEM), which is an acute worsening of symptoms after a physical, emotional and/or mental exertion. Dynamic measures of PEM have historically included scaled questionnaires, which have not been validated in ME/CFS. To enhance our understanding of PEM and how best to measure it, we conducted semistructured qualitative interviews (QIs) at the same intervals as visual analogue scale (VAS) measures after a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET).MethodsTen ME/CFS and nine healthy volunteers participated in a CPET. For each volunteer, PEM symptom VAS (12 symptoms) and semistructured QIs were administered at six timepoints over 72 hours before and after a single CPET. QI data were used to plot the severity of PEM at each time point and identify the self-described most bothersome symptom for each ME/CFS volunteer. Performance of QI and VAS data was compared with each other using Spearman correlations.ResultsEach ME/CFS volunteer had a unique PEM experience, with differences noted in the onset, severity, trajectory over time and most bothersome symptom. No healthy volunteers experienced PEM. QI and VAS fatigue data corresponded well an hour prior to exercise (pre-CPET, r=0.7) but poorly at peak PEM (r=0.28) and with the change from pre-CPET to peak (r=0.20). When the most bothersome symptom identified from QIs was used, these correlations improved (r=0.0.77, 0.42. and 0.54, respectively) and reduced the observed VAS scale ceiling effects.ConclusionIn this exploratory study, QIs were able to capture changes in PEM severity and symptom quality over time, even when VAS scales failed to do so. Measurement of PEM can be improved by using a quantitative–qualitative mixed model approach.
Impacts of regular physical activity on hospitalisation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a nationwide population-based study
Authors: Yang Bumhee , Lee Hyun , Ryu Jiin , Park Dong Won , Park Tai Sun , Chung Jee-Eun , Kim Tae-Hyung , Sohn Jang Won , Kim Eung-Gook , Choe Kang Hyeon , Yoon Ho Joo , Moon Ji-Yong 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionStudies that comprehensively evaluate the association between physical activity (PA) levels, particularly by quantifying PA intensity, and healthcare use requiring emergency department (ED) visit or hospitalisation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are limited in Korea.MethodsThe risk of all-cause and respiratory ED visit or hospitalisation according to the presence or absence of COPD and the level of PA was evaluated in a retrospective nationwide cohort comprising 3308 subjects with COPD (COPD cohort) and 293 358 subjects without COPD (non-COPD cohort) from 2009 to 2017.ResultsThe COPD group exhibited a higher relative risk of all-cause and respiratory ED visit or hospitalisation across all levels of PA compared with the highly active control group (≥1500 metabolic equivalents (METs)-min/week). Specifically, the highest risk was observed in the sedentary group (adjusted HR (aHR) (95% CI) = 1.70 (1.59 to 1.81) for all-cause ED visit or hospitalisation, 5.45 (4.86 to 6.12) for respiratory ED visit or hospitalisation). A 500 MET-min/week increase in PA was associated with reductions in all-cause and respiratory ED visit or hospitalisation in the COPD cohort (aHR (95% CI) = 0.92 (0.88 to 0.96) for all-cause, 0.87 (0.82 to 0.93) for respiratory cause).ConclusionsCompared with the presumed healthiest cohort, the control group with PA>1500 METs-min/week, the COPD group with reduced PA has a higher risk of ED visit or hospitalisation.
Response to anti-HER2 neoadjuvant chemotherapy in HER2-positive invasive breast cancers with different HER2 FISH patterns
Authors: Lv Hong , Bai Qian-Ming , Li Ming , Cai Meng-Yuan , Zhou Shu-Ling , Liu Yin , Wang Zhong-Hua , Shui Ruo-Hong , Lu Hong-Fen , Xu Xiao-Li , Yu Bao-Hua , Tu Xiao-Yu , Bi Rui , Cheng Yu-Fan , Zhou Xiao-Yan , Shao Zhi-Min , Yang Wen-Tao 
Published: February 2024

AimsHuman epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive patients with breast cancer may have different HER2/CEP17 ratios and HER2 copy numbers, with inconsistent responses to anti-HER2 neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Our study aimed to explore the relationship between different HER2 fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) patterns in HER2-positive patients with breast cancer and responses to anti-HER2 NACT.Methods527 patients with HER2-positive invasive breast cancer who received anti-HER2 NACT from 2015 to 2022 were included and divided into three groups by FISH results, namely group A: HER2/CEP17<2.0 and HER2 copy numbers ≥6.0, HER2 immunohistochemistry 2/3+; group B: HER2/CEP17≥2.0 and HER2 copy numbers ≥4.0 and <6.0; group C: HER2/CEP17≥2.0 and HER2 copy numbers ≥6.0. We compared clinicopathological characteristics and pathological complete response (pCR) rates of different groups.ResultsAccording to HER2 FISH results, 12 patients (2.3%, 12/527) were in group A, 40 (7.6%, 40/527) were in group B and 475 (90.1%, 475/527) were in group C. The pCR rate was the lowest in group B (5.0%), while the pCR rates in group A and group C were 33.3% and 44.4%, respectively (p(group A vs. B)=0.021, p(group C vs. B)< 0.001). Both univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that HER2 FISH pattern was correlated with pCR rate (p(group C vs. B)< 0.001, p(group C vs. B)= 0.025).ConclusionsPatients with HER2/CEP17≥2.0 and HER2 copy numbers ≥4.0 and <6.0 do not benefit to the same extent from current anti-HER2 therapies as FISH-positive patients with other patterns.
Early life exposure to Chinese famine and risk of digestive system cancer in midlife
Authors: Tan Yizhen , Jiang Xiaozhong , Ding Xiong , Wei Zhihao , Song Zongshuang , Chen Shuohua , Yang Peng , Zhao Dandan , Wu Shouling , Li Yun 
Published: February 2024

To investigate whether early-life exposure to the Great Famine of 1959–1961 in China was associated with the risk of digestive system cancer. The prospective cohort study involved 17 997 participants from the Kailuan Study (Tangshan, China) that began in 2006. All participants were divided into three groups based on their date of birth. The unexposed group (born from 1 October 1962 to 30 September 1964), fetal-exposed group (born from 1 October 1959 to 30 December 1961), and early-childhood-exposed group (born from 1 October 1956 to 30 December 1958). The Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze the association between early famine exposure and digestive system cancer. During the mean follow-up period of (10.4 ± 2.2) years, a total of 223 digestive system cancer events occurred. Including 54 cases in the unexposed group (62.14/100 000 person-years), 57 cases in the fetal-exposed group (114.8/100 000 person-years), and 112 cases in the early-childhood-exposure group (122.2/100 000 person-years). After adjusting covariates, compared with the unexposed group, the HR and 95% CI were 1.85 (1.28, 2.69) for participants in the fetal-exposed group and 1.92 (1.38, 2.66) for participants in the early-childhood-exposed group. No interactions were observed in our study. After classifying digestive system cancers, the HR and 95% CI were 2.02 (1.03, 3.97) for colorectal cancer for participants in the fetal-exposed group and 2.55 (1.43, 4.55) for participants in the early-childhood-exposed group. The HR and 95% CI were (1.13, 3.83) of liver cancer for participants in the fetal-exposed group and 1.15 (0.63, 2.10) for participants in the early-childhood-exposed group. Early-life famine exposure was associated with a higher risk of digestive system cancer in adulthood. Fetal-exposed individuals might increase the risk of colorectal cancer and liver cancer, and early childhood-exposed might increase the risk of colorectal cancer.
The Texas Creek landslide, southwestern British Columbia: new ages and implications for the culture history and geomorphology of the mid-Fraser River region
Authors: Friele Pierre , Blais-Stevens Andrée , Gosse John C. 
Published: February 2024

The Texas Creek rock avalanche is a prehistoric deposit in the Fraser River Canyon, 17 km south of Lillooet, southwestern British Columbia, Canada. Original mapping suggested that the debris consisted of two landslides: a 45 Mm3 event deposited after the Mazama tephra but before about 2 ka ago, and a 7.2 Mm3 event about 1.1 ka ago. The proposed timing of the younger landslide was correlated with a decline in the First Nations population and was proposed as an agent of cultural collapse driven by its impact on salmon returns vital to the population's sustenance. We provide six surface exposure ages using 10Be from boulder tops, with three samples from each surface that were originally posited to be older and younger debris. The six samples yielded similar ages suggesting the landslide deposit represents a single event with an average age of 2.28 ± 0.19 (2σ external error) ka before 1950 AD. Evidently, the landslide played no role in the cultural collapse. Fraser River Holocene incision rates, estimated pre- and post-landslide are between 13 and 24 mm/yr, consistent with previous estimates for the mid-Fraser River region. Landslide timing is coincident with the explosive eruption of Mount Meager, 120 km to the northwest, and with a possible landslide at Mystery Creek 85 km to the west and 65 km south of Mount Meager. The landslide may have been seismically triggered, but attribution is speculative.
Ordovician conodont biostratigraphy of northwestern Baffin Island, Nunavut, Canada, with new insights into the age and diachronism of the Ship Point Formation in the Foxe Basin
Authors: Zhang Shunxin 
Published: February 2024

Northwestern Baffin Island, Nunavut, Canada, preserves the stratigraphic record in the northern margin of the Foxe Basin. The Ordovician succession exposed on an unnamed peninsula west of Steensby Inlet, northwestern Baffin Island includes the Lower and Middle Ordovician Ship Point Formation and Upper Ordovician Frobisher Bay and Amadjuak formations. Nearly 7000 conodont specimens recovered from six sections on this peninsula allow the establishment of seven conodont zones throughout this succession: Rossodus manitouensis Taxon-range Zone, Acodus deltatus–Oneotodus costatus Assemblage Zone, Oepikodus communis Interval Zone, and Cooperignathus aranda–Jumudontus gananda Assemblage Zone in units 2 and 3 of the Ship Point Formation, correlative to the upper Tremadocian and Floian, Lower Ordovician; Phragmodus polonicus Taxon-range Zone confined to unit 4 of the Ship Point Formation, correlative to the middle Darriwilian, Middle Ordovician; and Appalachignathus delicatuluss– Belodina confluens and Belodina confluens–Periodon grandis Assemblage zones limited to the Frobisher Bay and Amadjuak formations, respectively, correlative to the lower Katian, Upper Ordovician. The establishment of these conodont zones proves that (1) the Ship Point Formation in the Foxe Basin is not a continuous stratigraphic unit but has a stratigraphic interval missing that is assignable to the Dapingian and lower Darriwilian, Middle Ordovician; (2) the base of the Ship Point Formation is diachronous in the Foxe Basin, which is correlated to the upper Tremadocian on northwestern Baffin Island but to the upper Floian on Melville Peninsula; and (3) the strata younger than lower Amadjuak Formation have been eroded in this area.
Fifth-order evolution equation for a liquid film with odd viscosity
Authors: Zakaria Kadry , Alsharif Abdullah M. 
Published: February 2024

A fifth-order nonlinear wave equation (generalized Korteweg–deVries equation) that arises in the theory of thin liquid films is introduced with the odd viscosity by the long-wave approximation regime. The presence of the odd viscosity is considered to be a non-dissipative factor in the evolution of the film flow. Sinusoidal and travelling waves arise in systems with non dissipation and instability. The introduced wave equation includes quadratic and cubic nonlinearities. The linear instability of sinusoidal waves is analyzed. The stability and bifurcation of travelling waves are discussed.
A Cluster of Evolutionarily Recent KRAB Zinc Finger Proteins Protects Cancer Cells from Replicative Stress–Induced Inflammation
Authors: Martins Filipe , Rosspopoff Olga , Carlevaro-Fita Joana , Forey Romain , Offner Sandra , Planet Evarist , Pulver Cyril , Pak HuiSong , Huber Florian , Michaux Justine , Bassani-Sternberg Michal , Turelli Priscilla , Trono Didier 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Heterochromatin loss and genetic instability enhance cancer progression by favoring clonal diversity, yet uncontrolled replicative stress leads to mitotic catastrophe and inflammatory responses that promote immune rejection. KRAB domain-containing zinc finger proteins (KZFP) contribute to heterochromatin maintenance at transposable elements (TE). Here, we identified an association of upregulation of a cluster of primate-specific KZFPs with poor prognosis, increased copy-number alterations, and changes in the tumor microenvironment in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Depleting two of these KZFPs targeting evolutionarily recent TEs, ZNF587 and ZNF417, impaired the proliferation of cells derived from DLBCL and several other tumor types. ZNF587 and ZNF417 depletion led to heterochromatin redistribution, replicative stress, and cGAS–STING-mediated induction of an interferon/inflammatory response, which enhanced susceptibility to macrophage-mediated phagocytosis and increased surface expression of HLA-I, together with presentation of a neoimmunopeptidome. Thus, cancer cells can exploit KZFPs to dampen TE-originating surveillance mechanisms, which likely facilitates clonal expansion, diversification, and immune evasion.

Significance:
Upregulation of a cluster of primate-specific KRAB zinc finger proteins in cancer cells prevents replicative stress and inflammation by regulating heterochromatin maintenance, which could facilitate the development of improved biomarkers and treatments.
Motivations for Artificial Intelligence, for Deep Learning, for ALife: Mortality and Existential Risk
Authors: Harvey Inman 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We survey the general trajectory of artificial intelligence (AI) over the last century, in the context of influences from Artificial Life. With a broad brush, we can divide technical approaches to solving AI problems into two camps: GOFAIstic (or computationally inspired) or cybernetic (or ALife inspired). The latter approach has enabled advances in deep learning and the astonishing AI advances we see today—bringing immense benefits but also societal risks. There is a similar divide, regrettably unrecognized, over the very way that such AI problems have been framed. To date, this has been overwhelmingly GOFAIstic, meaning that tools for humans to use have been developed; they have no agency or motivations of their own. We explore the implications of this for concerns about existential risk for humans of the “robots taking over.” The risks may be blamed exclusively on human users—the robots could not care less.
The Effect of the Prior Teacher on Value-Added
Authors: Gilraine Michael , McCarthy Odhrain 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We show that teachers' value-added (‘VA’) depend on the VA of the teachers that preceded them. To do so, we use administrative data from North Carolina and find that a one-standard deviation increase in last grade's mean teacher VA causes a 0.08σ decrease in teacher VA. Controlling for prior teacher assignment eliminates this bias. Under a benchmark policy that releases teachers in the bottom five percent of the VA distribution, thirty-two percent of teachers are incorrectly released using traditional techniques. Our results highlight the importance of incorporating dynamic features of education production into the estimation of teacher quality.
Incorporating Social Welfare in Program-Evaluation and Treatment Choice
Authors: Bhattacharya Debopam , Komarova Tatiana 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We introduce a notion of money-metric social welfare for discrete choice, under unrestricted heterogeneity and income-effects. It is the maximized indirect utility under normalization of the outside option. It also equals the amount of income necessary to achieve a given level of utility, while certain choices are prohibited. We show that the distribution of this quantity is non-parametrically identified as a closed-form functional of average structural demand for the outside option, making it useful for cost-benefit analysis and optimal targeting. An illustration with private tuition subsidies in India shows that the income-path of usage-maximizing subsidies differs significantly from welfare-maximizing ones.
Experiences of returning to work in patients with schizophrenia after treatment: A longitudinal qualitative study
Authors: Song Jin , Zhang Yu-xin , Qin Meng-nan , Ren Jia-xin , Jia Yan-nan , Yu Hong , Zhou Yu-qiu 
Published: February 2024

Background: Returning to work (RTW) has always been regarded as one of the important indicators to evaluate the therapeutic effect of patients with schizophrenia. The existing studies on RTW in patients with schizophrenia are mostly focused on intervention measures, and the qualitative research on RTW is very limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the experience of the RTW after treatment in patients with schizophrenia. Method: A longitudinal qualitative study was conducted involving 24 patients with schizophrenia in China. The interviews were held at three time-points during their RTW process, (1) when patients had improved and were close to discharge, (2) within 1 month post-discharge, and (3) 6 months post-discharge. The interview recordings were transcribed by the research team, and transcripts were independently analyzed by two independent coders using reflexive thematic analysis. Results: A total of 24 patients with schizophrenia participated in 72 personal interviews. The thematic framework based on the experience of patients with schizophrenia reveals a three-phases of the process of RTW: improved, being at a loss, and job crisis. The study identified one theme of the first phase: the expectation and optimism. Two themes in the second phase: (1) psychological distress of upcoming work; (2) expectation of assistance pre-work. And four themes in the third phase: (1) tremendous pressure of RTW; (2) lack of medical and social support; (3) social status and interpersonal relationships change; and (4) high level of financial pressure. Conclusion: The experience of RTW is a dynamic process with great challenges in each phase, patients with schizophrenia have been deeply affected by what they have experienced. There is an urgent need to ensure that existing community and social support is integrated into daily care to support patients with schizophrenia to RTW successful. The findings of this study also suggest relevant departments and employers should be aware of the barriers to RTW for patients with schizophrenia, and take certain measures to change the current situation.