bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paths And Regions In Honorific Speech
Authors: Keating Elizabeth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Perhaps the most frequent site of Pohnpeian honorifics is in expressing common place verbs of motion and stasis (i.e., a person’s relative position or path to a goal position in space). Grammar constitutes at least two status levels or planes of movement and location, one high and one low. These verbally constructed levels complement a nonverbal, visual structuring of space, in which the concepts of high and low (vertical) are imposed or mapped onto a horizontal plane (the floor or ground). This chapter, along with chapter 5, examines the relationship between the verbal and nonverbal spatial organizational schemes-how relationships between discourse organization and spatial organization create a collaboratively achieved, cognitively shared world. In addition, I discuss an important construction in which any common verb can be made honorific through the use of an additional verb. This construction appears to be highly context sensitive and in the humiliative form to have interactional significance beyond lowering the status of participants’ activities (e.g., conflict avoidance or mitigation). I also examine inclusive and exclusive strategies in honorific speech through choice of verbs and the implications for constraining access to power. Although verbs denoting speech and knowledge states have an identical morphology to transitive humiliative movement verbs, these domains are discussed in chapter 6. For the present, I concentrate on the paths and regions constituted for people in honorific speech by honorific verbs and the use of the special status raising verbs used with common speech verbs.
William Randolph Hearst
Authors: Procter Ben 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
William Randolph Hearst was one of the most colourful and important figures of turn-of-the-century America, a man who changed the face of American journalism and whose influence extends to the present day. Now, in Original Edition, Ben Procter gives us the most authoritative account of Hearst's extraordinary career in newspapers and politics. Born to great wealth -- his father was a partial owner of four fabulously rich mines -- Hearst began his career in his early twenties by revitalizing a rundown newspaper, the San Franciso Examiner. Hearst took what had been a relatively sedate form of communicating information and essentially created the modern tabloid, complete with outrageous headlines, human interest stories, star columnists, comic strips, wide photo coverage, and crusading zeal. His papers fairly bristled with life. By 1910 he had built a newspaper empire -- eight papers and two magazines read by nearly three million people. Hearst did much to create "yellow journalism" -- with the emphasis on sensationalism and the lowering of journalistic standards. But Procter shows that Hearst's papers were also challenging and innovative and powerful: They exposed corruption, advocated progressive reforms, strongly supported recent immigrants, became a force in the Democratic Party, and helped ignite the Spanish-American War. Procter vividly depicts Hearst's own political career from his 1902 election to Congress to his presidential campaign in 1904 and his bitter defeats in New York's Mayoral and Gubernatorial races. Written with a broad narrative sweep and based on previously unavailable letters and manuscripts, William Randoph Hearst illuminates the character and era of the man whose life inspired Citizen Kane and left an indelible mark on American journalism.
The Rebel from California
Authors: Procter Ben 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1863 Phebe Hearst was a young bride and new mother who, over the past year, had experienced an extended honeymoon to San Francisco via New York City and Panama. Yet, once in California, life was far from idyl lie for her, at least at first. Although previous biographers have written that George Hearst ensconced her at San Francisco in “a handsome brick dwelling on fashionable Rincon Hill” and then showered her with silks and laces and jewels, such was not the case. Early in June, 1863, fewer than six weeks after her son’s birth, she accompanied her husband, George, to Nevada City, enduring a 160 mile stagecoach ride over dusty roads and rugged terrain. Upon arrival, conditions did not improve appreciably. The weather was insufferable, the temperature rising to more than one hundred degrees during June and July, the town fathers continually dousing the planked streets and sidewalks with water to prevent the possibility of fire. Even though housed at the National Exchange Hotel, which was easily the best accommodation in town, and having a personal maid to help with young Willie (as they called him), Phebe was alone much of the time, far from family and friends. And what did she do to occupy her time? The answer was dismally rhetorical. George was away for extended periods, overseeing his business interests across the mountains in Virginia City. So in this remote mining community on the side of a forested slope, she felt completely isolated, unable to cultivate, much less replenish, her cultural and intellectual needs.
The Newspaperman
Authors: Procter Ben 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
San Francisco in the 1880s was the ‘queen of the Pacific;• the golden gate through which the hardy Argonauts of 1849 had funneled en route to the goldfields at Sutter’s Fort and the American River. Already the ninth largest city in the United States and recognized as the most important trading center west of Chicago-increasing in population from 34,780 in 1850 to almost 234,000 in 1880-San Francisco was “envied” by most Californians, historian R. Hal Williams observed, but “admired” by only a few. Like most cities of the post Civil War era, it had a plethora of problems that needed to be solved. While city leaders in the 1870s had wisely expanded the school system, doubled the size of law enforcement, created public parks, provided electric fire and police alarms for emergencies, and, most importantly, established a street railway system (including a cable car route), the city government, as established in the 1850s, was resistant to change. And why? It was boss riddled, with corruption and graft seemingly a fixed way of life. Because of its size and wealth, San Francisco dominated state politics for the benefit of its citizens and to the detriment of the rural areas. Hence a system of favors, of “spoils”for the victors, was a natural progression, of which Chris Buckley, “the blind boss of San Fran cisco;’ was the embodiment in the 1880s.
Judges’ Ideologies of Courtroom Control
Authors: Philips Susan U 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In chapter 4, I described how judges enact different ideological stances in the way they hear guilty pleas, realizing different interpretations of the written procedural law as they do so. Judges conceptualize their judicial behavior in hearing guilty pleas as their individual interpretations of the written law concerned with protecting defendants’ due process rights. Thus, it is appropriate to characterize their conscious ideology as legal. However, although judges represent their thinking as consciously legal, their practices also realize political ideologies because different interpretations of the procedural law governing the procedure enact liberal and conservative positions regarding the role of the judge and therefore the state in relation to individual citizens. Judges in fact repudiate the enactment of political ideology in their court room behavior, expressing the belief and hope that it does not affect the way they hear guilty pleas. Their denial of the political disconnects it from the legal; thus, political and legal ideologies are not consciously or explicitly connected to one another in the judges’ discourse with me and are in practice compartmentalized.
Five Models of Behavior
Authors: Pfeffer Jeffrey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Answering the question of how we are to understand behavior in organizations requires not only locating the causality for that behavior-in persons, situations, or their interaction -but also developing basic assumptions or premises about behavior that guide theory building and direct empirical testing. Simon noted, “Nothing is more fundamental in setting our research agenda and informing our research methods than our view of the nature of the human beings whose behavior we are studying” (1985, p. 303).
Developing and Exercising Power and Influence
Authors: Pfeffer Jeffrey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Social control is often, although not invariably, embedded in a hierarchical process. Certainly leadership, the use of rewards and sanctions, and the development of an organizational culture all convey the implication of some central authority that is setting up the reward system, appointing the leaders, and establishing the corporate culture. For those living and working in organizations but not necessarily in the most senior positions, social control takes on another connotation -how to develop informal influence and power to achieve what one wants and needs for task accomplishment as well as for individual benefit.
Predicates and Predicaments
Authors: Fernald Theodore B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The distinction between individual-level and stage-level predicates has interested grammarians for a number of reasons. In English, this distinction interacts with a variety of apparently unrelated syntactic constructions. In some constructions the different sorts of predicates show a contrast in interpretation, and in others they show a contrast in grammaticality. This is particularly interesting because the distinction is not a matter of traditional syntactic category like noun or verb phrase. It seems to be a semantic classification, although delineating it precisely in terms of meaning has proven difficult, at least outside a particular theoretical viewpoint.
Of Time and Predicates
Authors: Fernald Theodore B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In chapter 5 we saw two reasons to accept part of the Diesing/Kratzer analysis that there is a type-theoretic difference between ILPs and SLPs: SLPs have some sort of argument that ILPs lack. One reason was that SLPs delimit cases for quantification independent of whether their arguments do, and ILPs do not; the other reason was that SLPs are anaphoric and ILPs are not. Of course, this does not necessitate a type-theoretic distinction, but once we need one independently, we can put it to work to take care of the donkey sentences. From this discussion, we concluded that a dynamic account is called for.
Markedness and Styleswitching in Performances by AfricanAmerican Drag Queens
Authors: Barrett Rusty 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
THIS CHAPTER CONSIDERS the ways in which African American drag queens (AADQs) use language style in their performances, particularly the ways in which they use choices that would be considered “marked” under the markedness model (Myers-Scotton [Scotton] 1988; 1993; chapter 2, this volume). After discussing drag queen as a social category, I consider the concept of style,and some of the confusion surrounding the terminology used for linguistic varieties. I argue that the Markedness Model provides a useful tool for examining differences related to the notions of dialect, register, and genre.
Styleswitching in Southern English
Authors: Mishoe Margaret 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What Motivates the same speaker to sometimes remark on heavy rain by saying I ain’t never seen nothing to beat all this rain and, at other times, to say something more like I’ve never seen a rain like this? In this chapter, I argue that speakers switch between the styles in their linguistic repertoire to project different dimensions of themselves. The subjects studied here are a close-knit group of rural southern whites who have relatively little education and little exposure to how others negotiate the fast track of modern life. Yet, their language use patterns demonstrate that their tacit knowl-edge of the intentional messages in contrasting style choices serves them as well as it does any urban high-flyer.
On the Relative Order of Adverb Phrases
Authors: Cinque Guglielmo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, I try to establish the relative order of the main classes of AdvPs in Italian and French—an order that turns out to hold more generally in Romance languages (see chapter 2; Zanuttini, 1997, chap. 3; Paoli 1997, §3.1), and, from what we can gather from the limited evidence available (see§1.7), even cross-linguistically (a result of some interest, in itself, as it is not logically necessary).
On the Order of Clausal Functional Heads
Authors: Cinque Guglielmo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter tries to determine the order of clausal functional heads independently of any considerations involving AdvPs and their relative order. I look at different types of evidence bearing on this question-namely, the order of “nonclosing” (agglutinating) suffixes, the order of “closing” (inflectional) suffixes and auxiliaries, the order of functional particles, and the order of various combinations of these elements in mixed cases. The picture that emerges is the following.
Processing the Contract
Authors: Windlesham Lord 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
With the main legislative controversies settled, for a time at least, relatively meager public attention was directed toward the postenactment outcomes of the 1994 law on violent crime and law enforcement. The attention span of the mass media, matching the hectic pace of political life in Washington, is usually short. There is a rhythm to national politics and its reporting. Specific legislative issues get lifted up by waves generated by the interaction of the administration’s objectives and tactics, the ambitions of elected representatives, the pressures of lobbyists on Congress, and the value judgments made by the media. Sooner or later the moment comes when interest switches to other targets and the waves subside. Although the almost universal public concern at the prevalence of crime showed no signs of abating, the sense of relief that a massive 355-page act on crime control at last had reached the safe haven of the Statutes at Large seemed to have stifled any disposition on the part of legislators to scrutinize what happened to its provisions in the very different political environment of the 104th Congress.
Roosevelt’s Shadow
Authors: Cushman Barry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Court-Packing Thesis On February 5, 1937, President Roosevelt sent Congress a proposal to “reorganize” the federal judiciary. Buried in the text of the bill was a provision that would have permitted the president to appoint to the Supreme Court an additional justice for each sitting justice who had not retired within six months of his seventieth birthday. Because six of the Justices then sitting were over seventy, this provision would have permitted the president to appoint six additional justices immediately.
The Minimum Wage Cases Revisited
Authors: Cushman Barry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
West Coast Hotel v. Parrish In 1937, a Washington minimum wage statute virtually identical to the statute struck down in Adkins came before the Court in West Coast Hotel v. Parrish. Like the 1918 District of Columbia statute, the Washington statute was grounded in the police power. Section 1 of the statute declared that “The welfare of the State of Washington demands that women and minors be protected from conditions of labor which have a pernicious effect on their health and morals,” and that “inadequate wages and unsanitary conditions of labor exert such pernicious effect.” Section 2 made it unlawful to employ women or minors “under conditions of labor detrimental to their health or morals,” and to employ women “at wages which are not adequate for their maintenance.” Section 3 created a commission, which was to establish “such standards of wages and conditions of labor for women and minors ... as shall be held hereunder to be reasonable and not detrimental to health and morals, and which shall be sufficient for the decent maintenance of women.” Elsie Parrish, a chambermaid employed by the West Coast Hotel Company, had been paid less than the wage prescribed by the state commission. When she sued to recover the difference due her under state law, the hotel company contended that the Washington statute violated the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
A Stream of Legal Consciousness
Authors: Cushman Barry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Categories and Images In 1869, Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase used the opportunity presented by Texas v. White to adumbrate the contours of the postbellum constitutional order. “[T]he perpetuity and indissolubility of the Union,” Chase declared, “by no means implies the loss of distinct and individual existence, or the right of self-government by the States.” Each of the several state governments were, like the federal government, “endowed with all of the functions essential to separate and independent existence.” “The preservation of the States,” Chase concluded, and the maintenance of their governments, are as much within the design and care of the Constitution as the preservation of the Union and the maintenance of the National Government. The Constitution, in all its provisions, looks to an indestructible Union, composed of indestructible States.
Rights Talk: What Does It Mean? And Is It Problematic?
Authors: Perry Michael J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this brief chapter, I want to pause to focus on the language or vocabulary of “rights”, on talk about “rights”. The language of rights is the principal language in which, in this century, claims about what ought not to be done to any human being and claims about what ought to be done for every human being have come to be expressed. Yet, as I later explain, the language of rights “rights talk”-has recently been quite controversial.
Are Human Rights Absolute? The Incommensurability Thesis and Related Matters
Authors: Perry Michael J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Now we come to the final of our four inquiries. Let us pause to survey the ground we have covered thus far. Again, the idea of human rights consists of two parts: the premise or claim that every human being is sacred (inviolable, etc.), and the further claim that because every human being is sacred (and given all other relevant information), certain choices should be made and certain other choices rejected; in particular, certain things ought not to be done to any human being and certain other things ought to be done for every human being.
The Irrelevant Court: The Supreme Court’s Inability to Influence Popular Beliefs about Equality ( or Anything Else)
Authors: Rosenberg Gerald N 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
American citizens are riveted to certain events. Championship games in sports, for example, are talked about endlessly. Professional football’s Super Bowl, played every January, draws enormous television-viewing audiences. Real-life dramas, like 0. J. Simpson’s 1995 criminal trial or the 1994 California highway chase leading to his arrest, create endless conversations. Autumn debates between the major presidential candidates can catch the attention of large percentages of Americans. When Americans care about an event and the media give it extensive coverage, it can become an important part of the political, social, and cultural life of the United States.
The Judicial Role in Equality Decisionmaking
Authors: Devins Neal 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
More than forty years after Brown v. Board of Education, the quest for equality remains elusive. Conservatives and liberals both complain bitterly about court imposed solutions to racial isolation. For conservatives, judicial intervention in the name of equality is counterproductive. Jeremy Rabkin, for example, speaks of courts “working with the whimsical imagery of the 1960s, “ making it”impossible for [inner-city] neighborhoods to cope with the daily assault on their basic security.” In sharp contrast, the battle cry from the left attacks the courts for being too weak-kneed. Gary Orfield, for example, laments “the development of case law permitting both the abandonment of desegregation plans and return to segregated neighborhoods schools.”2 The consequence of this supposed judicial abdication, according to Erwin Chemerinsky, is that “American schools are socially segregated and grossly unequal.”
Management Innovators
Authors: Wren Daniel A , Greenwood Ronald G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Here is a who’s who of business, thirty-one profiles of inventors, financiers, organizers, motivators, and gurus--a vivid, informative look at the history of management as seen through the lives of its most influential figures. We meet Eli Whitney, creator of the cotton gin and father of the machine tool industry, who failed to profit from his genius; Thomas Edison, who once vowed he would never invent anything he couldn’t sell; and Andrew Carnegie, who applied the railroad management system to the steel industry, with spectacular results. There are profiles of such railroad giants as James J. Hill and Edward H. Harriman, and colorful portraits of Samuel Morse and Graham Bell, the two men who launched the communications industry in the U.S. The great innovators of management and organization are here as well, including the founders of systematic management, Frederick W. Taylor and Frank and Lillian Gilbreth. There’s an intriguing side-by-side look at William C. Durant, builder of General Motors, a visionary but a weak manager and organizer, and Alfred P. Sloan, who gave GM the structure it needed, and provided the model for all large, multiproduct firms to come. And there are thought-provoking profiles of motivational experts Elton Mayo and Abraham Maslow; quality advocates W. Edwards Deming and Joseph Moses Juran; Taiichi Ohno, inventor of just-in-time manufacturing; and finally, Peter Drucker, the most influential management thinker of our time. This is the distilled essence of management genius, a stimulating and, at times, inspiring look at the pioneers who shaped how we do business today.
The “Embedded Broker” State, Social Networks and Political Organization in Japan
Authors: Broadbent Jeffrey , Ishio Yoshito 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Businesses and other organizations operate under conditions strongly influenced by politics and government-the state. In all the industrialized capitalist democratic societies, the state allocates major resources, both financial and regulatory. Its “interference” in markets and business operations, especially in the form of regulations, has long been a source of complaint among business leaders. In East Asia, the state exercises much weaker formal regulatory control over business, but it en­ gages and “guides” business in more subtle ways. Just as relational networks act to coordinate markets in East Asia, so too do they work to coordinate political organization and control. This chapter empirically demonstrates the web of political networks that stretch between and within state and society in Japan.
Rethinking Business Ethics
Authors: Rosenthal Sandra B , Buchholz Rogene A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Using classical American pragmatism, the authors provide a philosophical framework for rethinking the nature of the corporation--how it is embedded in its natural, technological, cultural, and international environments, emphasizing throughout its pervasive relational and moral dimensions. They explore the relationship of this framework to other contemporary business ethics perspectives, as well as its implications for moral leadership in business and business education.