bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Septic cardiomyopathy or myocardial infarction?: A case report of septic shock with ST-segment elevation on ECG
Authors: Gao Haolei , Wang Xiaodong , Yang Qingyue 
Published: January 2025

Rationale:
Sepsis is one of the most prevalent and deadly diseases today. Sepsis involving the heart can progress to septic cardiomyopathy; however, there is a lack of uniform diagnostic criteria. A review of the literature reveals a paucity of literature on sepsis combined with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and no reports on emergency surgical treatment.

Patient’s concerns:
A 52-year-old patient with trauma-induced sepsis leading to acute heart failure with elevated ST-segment on electrocardiogram and postoperative coronary angiography suggestive of AMI.

Diagnoses:
Small bowel rupture, infectious shock, AMI, hypertensive disease, old cerebral infarction.

Interventions:
The patient was admitted to the hospital and immediately underwent emergency surgery to remove the infected focus, with treatment with meropenem for anti-infection, ambroxol for sputum, parenteral nutritional support, sedation and analgesia, esmolol to control the ventricular rate, uradil to control blood pressure, and transfusion of red blood cells and plasma for correction of anemia and coagulation functions. Coronary angiography was performed 6 months later.

Outcomes:
The patient was discharged after showing signs of improvement and was subsequently monitored in an outpatient clinic setting. At the time of writing, the patient is still alive and well.

Lessons:
In cases of acute heart failure resulting from trauma-induced sepsis, it is crucial to consider myocardial ischemia as a potential factor. Early surgical removal of infected foci may prove beneficial in improving the patient’s prognosis. However, differentiating between septic cardiomyopathy and sepsis-combined myocardial infarction can be challenging, and the appropriateness of the diagnostic criteria for sepsis at this stage is debatable.
Evaluation of the Education & Outreach Symposium at the Microbiology Society Annual Conference 2024
Authors: Lacey Melissa M , Dillon Michael J , Goodman Sean , Easton Victoria , Graham Alison I 
Published: January 2025

The Microbiology Society Education & Outreach Symposium serves as a platform for microbiology educators to share contemporary practices with an international audience. The Symposium is held yearly during the Microbiology Society’s Annual Conference and has become increasingly popular amongst conference attendees. In an effort to create an inclusive and engaging environment, the 2024 Symposium included contributions from participants at all career stages and from diverse global regions through a variety of presentation formats, including invited talks, offered presentations, flash talks, and posters. Cabaret-style seating was used to encourage discussion amongst participants and digital tools were used for anonymous feedback and questions after each talk to ensure all voices had an opportunity to be heard. Here we present an analysis of qualitative and quantitative participant responses addressing two key research questions: 1) Did the Symposium foster an inclusive atmosphere for participants across all career stages? and 2) Was the content engaging and relevant to the audience? A post-Symposium questionnaire revealed strong positive feedback, with all 18 respondents agreeing or strongly agreeing that the 2024 Symposium was both an inclusive environment and covered interesting topics. Thematic content analysis of free-text responses emphasised a high appreciation for the Symposium’s diversity in speakers and topics, an inclusive room layout, and overall welcoming feeling. Feedback from participants will actively feed into planning for the 2025 Symposium.
The calculation of the mutation frequency for humans at different proton doses in a mathematical model and estimation of the mutation risks for the space explorations
Authors: Kara Metehan , Demirköz Melahat Bilge 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTDNA is considered a fundamental component of life, yet it remains vulnerable to damage under extreme conditions, such as ionizing radiation exposure. To better understand this fragility, it becomes important to estimate mutation frequencies under different radiation doses. Furthermore, this approach has potential for future applications, especially in the context of deep space exploration, where astronauts are exposed to higher levels of cosmic radiation. For this purpose, we developed a mathematical model by integrating two existing models, the Monte Carlo Excision Repair (MCER) model and the Whack-a-Mole (WAM) model, both specifically adapted for use in manned space missions. The WAM model is supported with the Monte Carlo simulation to address the lack of human experimental data available in previous studies so that by calculating four key variables related to the human cells defined in the WAM model, potential mutations in astronauts during space exploration were estimated. The results showed small deviations from previous studies, which can be attributed to differences in the type of radiation sources as well as the organisms studied being different from those used in previous studies. With this study, researchers can now better predict mutation frequency during deep space missions by considering the impact of cosmic radiation. This is particularly important in the context of future missions to the Moon and Mars, where cosmic radiation will play an important role in mission planning and risk management.
A pathological phosphorylation pattern enhances tau cooperativity on microtubules and facilitates tau filament assembly
Authors: Fan Xiangyu , Okada Kyoko , Lin Henry , Ori-McKenney Kassandra M. , McKenney Richard J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPhosphorylation plays a crucial role in both normal and disease processes involving the microtubule-associated protein tau. Physiologically, phosphorylation regulates tau’s subcellular localization within neurons and is involved in fetal development and animal hibernation. However, abnormal phosphorylation of tau is linked to the formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in various human tauopathies. Interestingly, the patterns of tau phosphorylation are similar in both normal and abnormal processes, leaving unclear whether phosphorylated tau retains its functional role in normal processes. The relationship between tau phosphorylation and NFT assembly in tauopathies is also still debated. To address these questions, we investigated the effects of tau phosphorylation on microtubule binding, cooperative protein envelope formation, and NFT filament assembly relevant to tauopathies. Consistent with previous results, our findings show that tau phosphorylation decreases tau’s overall affinity for microtubules, but we reveal that phosphorylation more dramatically impacts the cooperativity between tau molecules during tau envelope formation along microtubules. Additionally, we observed that the specific pattern of phosphorylation, rather than overall phosphorylation level, strongly impacts the assembly of tau filamentsin vitro. Our results reveal new insights into how tau phosphorylation impacts tau’s physiological roles on microtubules and its pathoconversion into NFTs.
Neural correlates of memory updating in the primate prefrontal cortex
Authors: Sawagashira Ryo , Tanaka Masaki 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWorking memory is the ability to temporarily hold and manipulate information during cognitive tasks and is essential for complex behaviors and thinking. Although the primate lateral prefrontal cortex is involved in working memory and the neural representation of short-term memory has been reported, little is known about neuronal activity during memory updating. We trained macaque monkeys to perform an oculomotor version of the n-back task, in which the animals were required to remember the location of serially presented visual stimuli and generate a saccade to the location of the most recent or previous stimulus according to the instructions. We found that many neurons in the lateral prefrontal cortex showed transient activity when the memory of a particular stimulus location was no longer needed, whereas other neurons showed sustained activity when the stimulus location was maintained in memory. Decoding analysis successfully predicted future target selection from neuronal activity, indicating that these neuronal populations contain sufficient information to guide behavior. Furthermore, electrical stimulation applied to recording sites during the task erased specific spatial memories, suggesting that these neurons are causally involved in the retention of short-term memories and their dynamic control.
Measuring bridging forces in protein-DNA condensates
Authors: Ahlawat Vikhyaat , Mudiyanselage Hashini Ekanayake , Zhou Huan-Xiang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractProtein-DNA condensates mediate transcription and regulate gene expression and DNA replication and repair. The intermolecular bridging forces stabilizing condensates have direct roles in these processes. Here we use optical tweezers to measure bridging forces. In the presence of protamine, a single condensate is observed on a 20.5-knt single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) tethered between two microbeads. Stretching produces force curves with a sawtooth pattern, suggesting that the condensate is dissembled by the sequential rupture of individual protamine-ssDNA bridges. The bridging forces are 11.3 ± 4.6 pN, with unfolding lengths of 1.3 ± 0.8 µm for single bridges. In contrast, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) forms protamine-bridged tangles that can withstand forces high enough (∼55 pN) for strand separation. ssDNA tracks unpeeled at nicks on dsDNA by overstretching seed tangle formation upon retraction, but the initial condensates have a sufficient ssDNA-to-dsDNA ratio to appear liquid-like, as indicated by a sawtooth pattern in the subsequent stretching. The presence of dsDNA raises bridging forces to 34 ± 8 pN, which revert to ∼10 pN upon adding external ssDNA. In line with these single-molecule results, protamine-dsDNA mixtures form solid-like aggregates and require the addition of ssDNA to become liquid droplets. Conversely, adding dsDNA slows the fusion of protamine-ssDNA droplets. This work demonstrates the first measurements of bridging forces and shows that the ssDNA-to-dsDNA ratio can tune their magnitude in protein-DNA condensates.
Plasticity and invariance of Arabidopsis inflorescence and floral shoot apical meristems in response to mineral nutrients
Authors: Landrein Benoit , Abley Katie , Formosa-Jordan Pau , Meyerowitz Elliot M. , Jönsson Henrik , Locke James C. W. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn many species, floral organ production is invariant while flower production rate can be plastic. This allows plants to adapt flower number to their environment whilst maintaining a constant flower structure. TheCLAVATA/WUSCHELfeedback loop underpins both inflorescence (IM) and floral meristem (FM) activity, respectively responsible for flower and floral organ production. We explore how plasticity and invariance can differ between IM and FM in response to nutrient availability. FM size is less sensitive to changes in nutrients than IM size, and floral organ production is insensitive to these small size changes. However,clavata3mutants display larger changes in FM size, approaching those observed in WT IM under nutrient change, with increased floral organ number. This suggests that invariant floral organ production requires that FM size undergoes limited changes in response to nutrients. Compared to the IM, in the FM, levels of cytokinin (CK) signaling are lower and CK signaling andWUSCHELexpression are less impacted by nutrient level. Through genetic perturbations, we show a reduced response of FMs to varying cytokinin levels. Our work shows one way that the balance between plasticity and invariance can be set differently in different contexts.
Arp2/3-mediated bidirectional actin assembly by SPIN90 dimers in metazoans
Authors: Liu Tianyang , Cao Luyan , Mladenov Miroslav , Romet-Lemonne Guillaume , Way Michael , Moores Carolyn A. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBranched actin networks nucleated by the Arp2/3 complex play critical roles in various cellular processes, from cell migration to intracellular transport. However, when activated by WISH/DIP/SPIN90 family proteins, Arp2/3 nucleates linear actin filaments. Unexpectedly, we found that human SPIN90 is a dimer that can nucleate bidirectional actin filaments. To understand the basis for this, we determined a 3 Å resolution structure of human SPIN90-Arp2/3 complex nucleating actin filaments. Our structure shows that SPIN90 dimerises via a 3-helix bundle and interacts with two Arp2/3 complexes. Each SPIN90 molecule binds both Arp2/3 complexes to promote their activation. Our analysis demonstrates that single filament nucleation by Arp2/3 is mechanistically more like branch formation than previously appreciated. The dimerisation domain in SPIN90 orthologues is conserved in metazoans, suggesting that this mode of bidirectional nucleation is a common strategy to generate anti-parallel actin filaments.
Insights into adhesive and neuronal cell populations of the chaetognathSpadella cephalopterausing a single-nuclei transcriptomic atlas and genomic resources
Authors: Barrera Grijalba Cristian Camilo , Ordoñez June F , Montenegro Juan , Wollesen Tim 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTo cope with extreme environmental conditions diverse marine species have developed mechanisms that allow them to permanently or temporarily attach to substrates. In the intertidal zone of marine habitats, where tidal ranges and currents may drift organisms away from their habitat, temporary adhesive systems such as the one inherent the arrow wormSpadella cephaloptera(Chaetognatha) constitute an essential trait for the survival of this taxon. The underlying molecular mechanism of this system has not been described yet, and the existing morphological information is limited to adults. Furthermore, a relationship between the nervous system and the attachment inS. cephalopteraremains to be demonstrated. In this study, single-nuclei sequencing ofS. cephalopterahatchlings was performed, using as a reference a newly sequenced and assembled genome to identify the transcriptomic profiles of the cells mediating attachment, neuronal populations, and the main cell types of chaetognath hatchlings. Our findings, supported by previous studies, suggest that the chaetognath adhesive system evolved convergently to those of other other metazoans. Moreover, diverse cell types were identified in the ventral nerve center and multiple ciliated cell types previously described from anatomical observations were validated. Ongoing in-depth investigation of these data, together with datasets from other developmental stages, will provide further insights into the evolutionary origins of the unique chaetognath body plan.
Numerical study of current distribution under high-velocity in railgun with moving boundary conditions
Authors: Xu Jinghan , Xia Shengguo , Chen Lixue , Gu Anbang , Yang Hongdan , Li Chengxian 
Published: January 2025

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the moving boundary conditions on the sliding armature and rail (A/R) interface. As the computational domains involve both moving and stationary conductors, Lagrangian description and backward difference schemes are adopted for spatial and temporal discretization, arising discontinuities in variables. The proposed formulation can compute the current distribution under high velocities (∼km/s) without numerical oscillations and avoids mesh re-generation, saving computational resources.

Design/methodology/approach
The governing equations in Lagrangian description, backward difference schemes and derivations of moving boundary conditions are shown in detail. The interface matrix is explicitly enforced on the whole domain matrix and pseudocodes are presented for implementation. Moreover, shifted interpolated quantity method is proposed to deal with unevenly sized mesh, which can calculate acceleration scenarios and save computation resources under high velocities. Comparative calculations with previous methods under low velocities are conducted to verify the correctness of computational and physical models.

Findings
The current distributions with constant velocities are consistent with previous two-dimensional and low-velocity studies, further verifying the correctness of the method. The three-dimensional high-velocity results show that the current tends to concentrate near the trailing edge of A/R interface and diffuses into the bulks over time, with higher velocity contributing to less significant current diffusion. The velocity skin effect precedes the magnetic diffusion, conductivity and other factors that influence the current distribution.

Originality/value
The proposed methods can compute the current distributions in railgun under velocity accelerated to over 2,000 m/s, and the results provide more comprehensive understandings of the current evolution process under velocity skin effect in railgun.
Lemon Tree Hotels: decisions at the intersection of ownership and asset-light strategies
Authors: Laddha Seema , Iyer Kamatchi 
Published: January 2025

Learning outcomes
The case study aims to facilitate a deep understanding of the strategic decisions in the context of asset-light model, its competitive advantage and industry dynamics within the context of the Indian hospitality sector. Suggested teaching objectives for the case study are as follows:▪ Analyze the strategic decisions made by Lemon Tree Hotels in the context of the Indian hospitality industry.▪ Evaluate the challenges and opportunities associated with the transition from an ownership-centric model to an asset-light strategy.▪ Discuss the competitive advantage built by Lemon Tree Hotels and the implications of its unique market offering.▪ Explore the impact of the post-pandemic era on the hospitality sector and the strategic adjustments made by the company.▪ Encourage critical thinking about the future trajectory of Lemon Tree Hotels, considering the ownership dilemma and evolving market dynamics.

Case overview/synopsis
The case study explores the strategic decisions made by Lemon Tree Hotels, a mid-market hotel chain in India, at the intersection of ownership and asset-light strategies. The founder, Patanjali Keswani, faced a dilemma of whether to persist with the ownership-centric model that propelled the company’s success or to pivot toward an asset-light approach, acknowledging the capital-intensive nature inherent in the industry. The case delves into the complexities of expansion, the adoption of an asset-light model and the challenges and opportunities encountered. Keswani’s calculated decisions and the company’s unique offering established its competitive edge. However, the shift to an asset-light model raised questions about the sustainability of this advantage in the more competitive mid-segment hospitality sector. The case discusses the challenges in the mid-market hotel industry in India, the transformative changes in consumer expectations and the strategic significance of the company’s transition to an asset-light model. The narrative unfolds through a lens that considers the competitive advantage built on a positive brand image, operational efficiency and a unique market offering. The case concludes at a strategic juncture, leaving Keswani and Lemon Tree Hotels grappling with the dilemma of ownership versus asset-light strategies, with implications for the company’s future trajectory.

Complexity academic level
The case study is designed for postgraduate students studying management, business administration and strategic management.

Supplementary material
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS11: Strategy.
Artificial neural networks for flood susceptibility analysis in Gangarampur sub-division of Dakshin Dinajpur, West Bengal, India
Authors: Paul Asit 
Published: January 2025

PurposeThe study aims to identify the areas of flood susceptibility and to categorize the Gangarampur sub-division into various flood susceptibility zones. It also aspires to evaluate the efficacy of integrating Geographic Information Systems (GIS) with Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) for flood susceptibility analysis.Design/methodology/approachThe factors contributing to floods such as rainfall, geomorphology, geo-hazard, elevation, stream density, land use and land cover, slope, distance from roads, Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) and distance from rivers were analyzed for flood susceptibility analysis. The use of the ANN model helps to construct the flood susceptibility map of the study area. For validating the outcome, the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) is employed.FindingsThe results indicated that proximity to rivers, rainfall deviation, land use and land cover are the most significant factors influencing flood occurrence in the study area. The ANN model demonstrated a prediction accuracy of 85%, validating its effectiveness for flood susceptibility analysis.Originality/valueThe research offers a novel approach by integrating Geographic Information Systems (GIS) with Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) for flood susceptibility analysis in the Gangarampur sub-division. By identifying key factors such as proximity to rivers, rainfall deviation and land use, the study achieves 85% prediction accuracy, showing the effectiveness of ANN in flood risk mapping. These findings provide critical insights for planners to devise targeted flood mitigation strategies.
Enhancing teachers’ creative teaching through transformational leadership within a diverse workplace: the role of principals’ cross-cultural competence, and teachers’ task independence and promotion focus
Authors: Tang Chia Wei 
Published: January 2025

PurposeDrawing on concepts from workplace diversity and cognitive evaluation theories (CETs), this study seeks to deepen our understanding of the link between transformational leadership and teachers’ creative teaching in a more and more diverse campus.Design/methodology/approachSurvey data involving a total of 895 high school teachers across Taiwan were collected using purposive sampling methodology and analysed with SPSS and SmartPLS software.FindingsThe results reveal that the positive relationship between the principal’s transformational leadership and teachers’ creative teaching is partially mediated by teachers’ promotion focus and task interdependence which could reduce the defensive silence and reluctant collaboration found in diverse workplaces. Moreover, principals’ cross-cultural competence also moderates such relationship, since it helps transformational leader to take adaptive measures to address the challenges associated with managing differences in perspective and ideas within a heterogeneous workforce. Based on these findings, implication for educational leadership is discussed.Originality/valueStudies have affirmed the positive association between transformational leadership and creative teaching. However, the mechanism sustaining this relationship and how this relationship can further be intensified are still unknown, especially in a more and more diverse education context. Our analysis shows that principals’ cross-cultural competence, and teachers’ task independence and promotion focus are relevant factors school leaders should consider in enhancing the link between their transformational leadership and teachers' creative teaching.