bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glutenin and gliadin contents of flour derived from wheat infested with different aphid species
Authors: Basky Zsuzsa , Fónagy Adrien 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAphid feeding in cereals results in both quantitative and qualitative yield losses; moreover aphid‐transmitted viruses are responsible for other quantitative and qualitative damage so that direct or indirect effects of aphid infection are always of interest. At the beginning of stem elongation, wheat plants were caged regardless of the presence or absence of indigenous cereal aphids. Half of the caged plants were artificially infected with Diuraphis noxia. The number of D noxia and Rhopalosiphum padi individuals on plants destined for flour preparation was approximately 150 aphids per tiller at peak population. The number of Sitobion avenae individuals was ca 25 aphids per tiller. Bread‐making quality of wheat flour is determined primarily by the protein content, the gluten proteins (gliadins, glutenins) being the prime factors. The absolute amounts and/or the relative proportion of gliadins and glutenins are very important in dough making and in determining baking quality. Flour from grains originating from plants infected naturally with cereal aphids indigenous to Hungary, and flour infected artificially with D noxia, were analysed for glutenin and gliadin content using size exclusion HPLC. It was found that aphid infection had a significant effect on the gliadin/glutenin ratio, which was significantly lower in wheat flour prepared from aphid‐infected plants than in that from uninfected control. The most significant decrease in gliadin/glutenin ratio was caused by D noxia infection, followed by R padi and then S avenae. As the gliadin/glutenin ratio was significantly lower in flour made from aphid‐infected wheat seeds, it can be supposed that aphid feeding results in decreased bread making quality of wheat flour.© 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of acetylcholine levels on the binding of a SPECT nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ligand [123I]5‐I‐A‐85380
Authors: Fujita Masahiro , Al‐Tikriti Mohammed S. , Tamagnan Gilles , Zoghbi Sami S. , Bozkurt Ali , Baldwin Ronald M. , Innis Robert B. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAlthough in vitro theory indicates that ligand binding is sensitive to competition with neurotransmitters, only some imaging ligands have shown such competition in vivo. The purpose of this study was to determine whether increases in acetylcholine (ACh) levels induced by an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, physostigmine, inhibit in vivo binding of [123I]5‐iodo‐3‐(2(S)‐2‐azetidinyl‐methoxy) pyridine (5‐I‐A‐85380), a single photon emission computed tomography ligand for the high‐affinity type nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChR). Baboons were used for seven studies with a bolus plus constant infusion equilibrium paradigm. After achieving equilibrium at 5 h, physostigmine (0.02 (n = 1), 0.067 (n = 3), and 0.2 (n = 3) mg/kg) was administered intravenously and data were acquired for up to 8 h. To confirm equilibrium conditions, [123I]5‐I‐A‐85380 plasma levels were measured in four studies, including all studies with 0.2 mg/kg physostigmine. Prior to physostigmine administration, thalamic activities were stable, with changes of 1.1%/h or less, except in one study with a gradual increase of 4.2%/h. Thalamic activities were decreased by 15% in one study with 0.067 mg/kg and 14–17% in all studies with 0.2 mg/kg physostigmine administration (P = 0.009). In these studies with 0.2 mg/kg physostigmine administration, [123I]5‐I‐A‐85380 plasma levels showed a transient or a sustained increase after physostigmine administration that would have increased thalamic activities. These results suggest that elevated ACh levels induced by physostigmine can effectively compete in vivo with [123I]5‐I‐A‐85380 binding at nAChRs. However, decreased thalamic activities could have been caused by other mechanisms, including internalization of the receptor with an associated decreased affinity for radioligand. Synapse 48:116–122, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molybdenum Phosphide: A Novel Catalyst for Hydrodenitrogenation
Authors: Li Wei , Dhandapani Balamurugan , Oyama S Ted 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
A single phase molybdenum phosphide, MoP, with a moderate surface area was prepared using temperature programmed reduction of an amorphous phosphate precursor and the so-prepared sample was found to be a good catalyst for hydrodenitrogenation.
Direct Observation of Cation Complexation of 18-Crown-6 by Atomic Force Microscopy Using Chemically Modified Tips
Authors: Kado Shinpei , Kimura Keiichi 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Intermolecular forces between 18-crown-6 and guest ions have been measured by atomic force microscopy using AFM tips modified chemically with an alkylsilane derivative having 18-crown-6 moiety. The greater adhesion forces were observed with the crown-ether modified tip than with bare tips on mica substrate in aqueous solutions containing K+, probably due to the complexation between 18-crown-6 moiety on tip and K+ in solution. Specific interactions based on cation complexation of 18-crown-6 have been observed in ethanol on mica substrate treated with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (–NH3+).
Characterization of Surface Structure of Silica Thin Films by Auger Parameter
Authors: Tomita Rie , Urano Satoshi , Kohiki Shigemi 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Si Auger parameter of silica films obtained under different hydrolysis conditions was calculated in order to determine SiOH concentration. It was found that the Auger parameter increased with increasing silicate molecular. Silica films with a large Auger parameter were observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) to consists of a large diameter particle than films with a small Auger parameter. Increased silica particle diameter demonstrates that the condensation reaction proceeds to an extent that the concentration of OH groups has decreased. It has been concluded that silica film surfaces with a large Auger parameter had few OH groups per Si atom.
Does Photoisomerization Proceed in an Ionic Liquid?
Authors: Ozawa Ryosuke , Hamaguchi Hiro-o 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Photoisomerization of trans-stilbene has been investigated in an ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate([bmim]PF6). It has been found that the photo-isomerization indeed proceeds in this ionic liquid with a rate much larger than that expected from its polarity and shear viscosity.
A Novel LiCl/H-STI Zeolite Guest/Host Assembly Material with Superior Humidity Sensitivity: Fabrication and Characterization
Authors: Zou Jing , He He-Yong , Dong Jun-ping , Long Ying-cai 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
A thermal dispersion method was used for assembling LiCl (the guest) into H-STI zeolite (the host) with a two-dimensional channel system of appropriate pore sizes to develop a novel guest/host material with excellent sensitivity, linearity and fast response to humidity change. The assembly process was investigated by the methods of XRD and 7Li MAS-NMR.
New Monodisperse Ethylene–Propylene Copolymers and a Block Copolymer Created by a Titanium Complex Having Fluorine-Containing Phenoxy-Imine Chelate Ligands
Authors: Kojoh Shin-ichi , Matsugi Tomoaki , Saito Junji , Mitani Makoto , Fujita Terunori , Kashiwa Norio 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
New monodisperse ethylene–propylene copolymers and a block copolymer, highly syndiotactic polypropylene-b-poly(ethylene-co-propylene), were synthesized with a titanium complex having fluorine-containing phenoxy-imine chelate ligands, an FI Catalyst, using methylalumoxane (MAO) as a cocatalyst. Analysis using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) suggests that the well-defined block copolymer possesses high potential as a compatibilizer.
Degradation of Dibutyl Phthalate in Water by the Aid of Metals under γ-Ray Irradiation
Authors: Yoshida Tomoko , Tanabe Tetsuo , Miyashita Yoshinori , Yoshida Hisao , Hattori Tadashi 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
The degradation of dibutyl phthalate (DBP), one of endocrine disruptors, by γ-ray irradiation was enhanced by the effective energy conversion of γ-ray through the interaction with some kind of metal materials.
Noncatalytic Cannizzaro-type Reaction of Acetaldehyde in Supercritical Water
Authors: Nagai Yasuharu , Wakai Chihiro , Matubayasi Nobuyuki , Nakahara Masaru 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
In supercritical water at 400 °C and 0.5 g/cm3 (37 MPa), acetaldehyde was found to be transformed without catalysts into ethanol and acetic acid through a Cannizzaro-type disproportionation reaction. No aldol-type condensation products were detected, and the disproportionation competed with the decomposition into methane. Ethanol was generated in excess to acetic acid, and carbon dioxide appeared as a product only in the presence of supercritical water. This reaction behavior is explained by considering that carbon monoxide is provided by the acetaldehyde decomposition and leads to the formation of formic acid as a reducing intermediate for acetaldehyde.
Gender and role‐based perceptions of domestic abuse: does sexual orientation matter?
Authors: Seelau Eric P. , Seelau Sheila M. , Poorman Paula B. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAlthough it is estimated that domestic abuse is as common in gay male and lesbian intimate relationships as in heterosexual relationships, the legal system often fails to recognize or respond to same‐gender cases. Empirical research examining the impact of sexual orientation on perceptions of abuse is virtually nonexistent. Undergraduates (N = 252) read a summary of a domestic abuse incident in which victims and perpetrators varied by gender and, by implication, sexual orientation. Victim and respondent gender, rather than the couple's sexual orientation, primarily affected responses to domestic abuse. Domestic abuse perpetrated against women was perceived to be more serious and in need of intervention than abuse against men. Women were more likely than men to believe the victim and to recommend criminal justice system interventions. Because they are inconsistent with gender role stereotypes, domestic abuse cases involving male victims or female perpetrators may not receive equitable treatment within the criminal justice system. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Narrative plausibility: the impact of sequence and anchoring
Authors: Canter David V. , Grieve Nicola , Nicol Catherine , Benneworth Kelly 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe perceived plausibility of suspect narratives is hypothesized to be a product of more than logical evaluation. Aspects of the narrative's internal structure, notably the extent to which it follows a canonical (or stereotypical) sequence of events, may influence judged plausibility. Plausibility may also be sensitive to external “anchors” that activate relevant schema. To test these possibilities, variations of two suspect testimonies were created in accordance with the model by Stein and Glenn (1979) of a stereotypical story grammar, and the account by Wagenaar, van Koppen, and Crombag (1993) of narrative anchoring. Subjects rated the narrative account using a perceived plausibility scale developed from pilot work. ANOVA revealed that criminal anchoring in suspect statements, regardless of the crime scenario, has a negative effect on the plausibility level. Similarly, plausibility levels were lower when the statement did not follow a temporal sequence of events. The implications for models of how people judge plausibility are discussed, as are the practical implications for legal contexts. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regulation of FLRG expression in rat primary astroglial cells and injured brain tissue by transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1)
Authors: Zhang G. , Ohsawa Y. , Kametaka S. , Shibata M. , Waguri S. , Uchiyama Y. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractFollistatin‐related gene (FLRG) is a member of the follistatin family of proteins and interacts with transforming growth factor (TGF) superfamily proteins like follistatin. To understand the expression level of FLRG in brain tissue, we examined whether primary neurons and glial cells from rat embryos express FLRG mRNA and produce its protein product. FLRG and follistain mRNAs were mainly expressed in astroglial cells, while activin A mRNA was abundant in primary neurons. TGF‐β1 highly enhanced expression levels of FLRG mRNA in astroglial cells, compared with those of follistatin and activin A mRNAs. Particularly, TGF‐β1 facilitated the secretion of FLRG protein from primary astroglial cells in a dose‐dependent manner. Moreover, changes in expression levels of FLRG mRNA and protein in brain tissue were also analyzed after a penetrating injury, using quantitative polymerase chain reactin (PCR) and immunohistochemical methods. Expression levels of FLRG mRNA were significantly increased in damaged regions after penetrating injury together with those of activin A and TGF‐β1 mRNAs. Immunohistochemical observations showed that positive signals of FLRG protein were colocalized in glial fibrillary acidic protein‐positive reactive astroglial cells located in damaged regions after a penetrating injury. The expression of follistatin mRNA rather decreased in damage regions after the brain injury. These results suggest that FLRG is synthesized in and secreted from astroglial cells. In particular, FLRG, but not follistatin, may play a role in the regulation of activin A in brain wound healing in response to TGF‐β1. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Closed Loop Recycling of Bottle Crates Using the Restabilization Technique
Authors: Kartalis C. N. , Papaspyrides C. D. , Pfaendner R. , Hoffmann K. , Herbst H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA remelting‐restabilization technique was applied for the recycling of post‐used, yellow pigmented high density polyethylene (HDPE) bottle crates. In order to evaluate the potential of the recyclate to be used in the original application, the most important parameters were investigated: processing stability, long‐term heat stability and light stability. A multiple extrusion cycles procedure at different reprocessing temperatures was performed for monitoring the processing stability of the restabilized and non‐restabilized material. Oven aging was applied for about 8 800 h (i.e., more than one year) to evaluate the long term thermal stability of the crate material, as manifested by melt flow rate, tensile impact strength, and time until embrittlement measurements. To evaluate the light stability of the recycled material artificial weathering was applied for about 8 000 h, whereas the tensile impact strength was monitored. The latter data were enriched with microphotographs of the specimens surface. Finally, repigmentation was used to investigate the role of new pigments on the final performance of the recycled product. The results illustrate that restabilization is mandatory for the quality improvement of post‐used crates ensuring its re‐use in the original application and thus making closed loop recycling possible.Autoxidation cycle of polymeric materials.magnified imageAutoxidation cycle of polymeric materials.
Temperature and pH‐Dependent Swelling Behavior of Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) Copolymer Hydrogels and Their Use in Flow Control
Authors: Kuckling Dirk , Richter Andreas , Arndt Karl‐Friedrich 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPoly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) copolymer gels with acidic and basic comonomers of various molar ratios were prepared by radical polymerization. The relationship between the swelling behavior of the gels and the copolymerization ratio was studied experimentally at different temperatures and in various pH value buffer solutions. The results of the experiments revealed that the transition temperatures of the PNIPAAm copolymer gels were changed in proportion to the monomer ratio used in copolymerization. The pH value of the buffer solution strongly affected the swelling ratio and some of the transition temperatures of the gels. The PNIPAAm copolymer gels were used in a chemo‐mechanical valve. The liquid flows directly through a gel actuator, which consists of a cylindrical actuator chamber filled with small particles of the sensitive cross‐linked polymer. The flow rate as well as the pressure drop was measured in dependence on the solvent properties. With the presented experimental arrangement it could be shown that sensitive polymers can be used for controlling the flow in dependence on temperature and pH.pH‐Dependence of the pressure in a chemo‐mechanical valve.magnified imagepH‐Dependence of the pressure in a chemo‐mechanical valve.
Identification of pheromones and optimization of bait composition for click beetle pests (Coleoptera: Elateridae) in Central and Western Europe
Authors: Tóth Miklós , Furlan Lorenzo , Yatsynin Venyamin G , Ujváry István , Szarukán István , Imrei Zoltán , Tolasch Till , Francke Wittko , Jossi Werner 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBased on analysis of pheromone gland extracts, highly attractive new baits have been developed for three click beetle pests. That for Agriotes brevis is a mixture of geranyl butanoate and (E,E)‐farnesyl butanoate, and that for A rufipalpis and A sordidus contains geranyl hexanoate alone. From known data from species populating Russia, optimized bait compositions for species in Central and Western Europe were developed as follows: geranyl octanoate + geranyl butanoate for A lineatus, geranyl isovalerate for A litigiosus, geranyl hexanoate + geranyl octanoate for A obscurus, geranyl butanoate alone for A sputator and (E,E)‐farnesyl acetate alone for A ustulatus. Although slight differences were found in gland contents with A litigiosus var laichartingi and fenotypus typicus, nevertheless there were no differences in response to the optimum bait. There were no differences in pheromone composition or response to the optimized bait between the two morphological forms (‘black’ and ‘red’) of A ustulatus. As a result of these studies, highly effective pheromone baits are now available for monitoring and population reduction in all important pest click beetle species in Central and Western Europe.© 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Role of reactive oxygen species and antioxidants in plant disease resistance
Authors: Barna Balázs , Fodor József , Pogány Miklós , Király Zoltán 
Published: March 2003

AbstractMembrane damage caused by the non‐specific fungal toxin fusaric acid was less on pre‐treated than on control leaves when tobacco leaves were pretreated with anti‐senescence plant hormones, such as kinetin, benzyladenine or the anti‐ozonant N‐[2‐(2‐oxo‐1‐imidazolidinyl)]ethyl‐N′‐phenylurea. Similarly, the necrosis caused by mercuric chloride was reduced by the above anti‐senescence agents. In addition, in in vitro tests, leaves from selected paraquat‐tolerant tobacco plants were less sensitive to Alternaria alternata (Fr) Keissler infection than those of the control paraquat‐sensitive tobacco leaves. Paraquat‐tolerant Conyza canadensis (L) Cronq weeds naturally selected in vineyards in Hungary showed similar inhibition of senescence to paraquat‐tolerant tobacco, expressed as more green leaves and slower development. In accordance with this, the paraquat‐tolerant Conyza leaves remained almost symptomless, while paraquat‐sensitive plants showed severe symptoms after infection with Botrytis cinerea Pers. Oxidative burst (accumulation of hydrogen peroxide) was attenuated in TMV‐infected leaves of Xanthi‐nc tobacco as a result of treatment with salicylic acid or in leaves where systemic acquired resistance (SAR) had been induced by a previous TMV infection. Accordingly, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was higher in Xanthi tobacco leaves with SAR than without SAR. However, in NahG tobacco, in which SAR cannot develop, there was no augmentation of SOD activity. All the above data support the significance of delayed senescence and antioxidants in the resistance of plants to biotic and abiotic necrosis‐inducing agents.© 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Expeditious and Stereoselective Synthesis of Chiral trans-β-Hydroxy-δ-lactone Systems
Authors: Miyazawa Masahiro , Matsuoka Erika , Sasaki Shinobu , Oonuma Satoshi , Maruyama Kimiyuki , Miyashita Masaaki 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Expeditious and stereoselective synthesis of chiral trans-β-hydroxy-δ-lactone systems starting from γ,δ-epoxy acrylates is described which involves the regioselective ring opening of an epoxide and the intramolecular conjugate addition of a hemiacetal alkoxide anion of δ-hydroxy-α,β-unsaturated esters as key steps.
Total Synthesis of Sollasin a and Sollasin d via Photocycloaddition of Methyl 2,4-Dioxopentanoate to Methyl E-2-Methyl-2-butenoate
Authors: Hatsui Toshihide , Taga Masashi , Mori Akira , Takeshita Hitoshi 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Starting from photocycloaddition of methyl 2,4-dioxopentanoate to methyl tiglate, an electron-deficient olefin, methyl-migrated monocyclofarnesyl sesquiterpenoids, d,l-sollasin a and d, anti-bacterial compounds, were synthesized.
Recognition of Helicity by Native Cyclodextrins. Highly Enantioselective Complexation of Tetrahelicene Dicarboxylic Acid with β-Cyclodextrin
Authors: Kano Koji , Negi Shigeru , Kamo Hisanobu , Kitae Takashi , Yamaguchi Masahiko , Okubo Hitoshi , Hirama Masahiro 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Recognition of the helicity of 1,12-dimethylbenzo[c]-phenanthrene-5,8-dicarboxylic acid (1) by cyclodextrins (CDxs) has been studied by means of 1H NMR spectroscopy. The binding constant (K) for the (M)-1-β-CDx complex is 18700±1700 dm3 mol−1 which is much larger than that of the (P)-1-β-CDx complex (2200±100 dm3 mol−1). The results sugget the formation of the hydrogen bonds between the CO2− groups of 1 and the OH groups of twisted β-CDx in water.
Rhodium-Catalyzed Si-F Exchange Reaction between Fluorobenzenes and a Disilane. Catalytic Reaction Involving Cleavage of C-F Bonds
Authors: Ishii Yutaka , Chatani Naoto , Yorimitsu Shuhei , Murai Shinji 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
The reaction of functionalized fluorobenzenes, such as fluoroacetophenones and (fluorophenyl)oxazolines, with Me3SiSiMe3 in the presence of a catalytic amount of a rhodium complex results in a site-selective Si-F exchange to give ortho-(trimethylsilyl)fluorobenzenes. The reaction involves cleavage of C-F bonds.
Crown Ether-half-capped Sodium Ions as Bridges in the Formation of Complex Polymer, Structure of [{(Benzo-15-crown-5)Na}2Pd(i-mnt)2]n {i-mnt = [S2C = C(CN)2]2−}
Authors: Long De-Liang , Chen Jiu-Tong , Cui Yong , Huang Jin-Shun 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
The reaction of Na2Pd(i-mnt)2 and benzo-15-crown-5 leads to an unprecedented infinite chain-like [{(benzo-15-crown-5)Na}2 Pd(i-mnt)2]n, in which the conjugated species Pd(i-mnt)2 are linked by crown ether-half-capped sodium ions via Na-NC bonds.
A Supramolecule Composed of Two Phthalocyanine Dimer Radicals Linked by a Pivot Joint: Synthesis of Mono-15-Crown-5-Substituted Bis(phthalocyaninato)lutetium
Authors: Ishikawa Naoto , Kaizu Youkoh 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Mono-15-crown-5-substituted bis(phthalocyaninato)lutetium was synthesized. By addition of potassium cation in solution, the phthalocyanine dimer radical formed a supramolecular structure which preserves two unpaired electrons and shows a ESR signal of a triplet state. From observed zero field splitting constant, the structure is likely to be bent rather than straightly linked.
Synthesis and Structures of (Porphinato)(thiolato)gallium(III) Complexes
Authors: Okamura Taka-aki , Nishikawa Nami , Ueyama Norikazu , Nakamura Akira 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Gallium(III)-substituted P-450 models, [Ga(OEP)(SAr)] (OEP=octaethylporphinato; SAr=S-2-CF3CONHC6H4, SPh), were synthesized and the structures were determined by X-ray analysis. The gallium(III) complexes were found to be excellent structural analogues having a diamagnetic metal center.