bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grads on the go: Measuring college‐specific labor markets for graduates
Authors: Conzelmann Johnathan G. , Hemelt Steven W. , Hershbein Brad J. , Martin Shawn , Simon Andrew , Stange Kevin M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper introduces a new measure of the labor markets served by colleges and universities across the United States. About 50% of recent college graduates are living and working in the metro area nearest the institution they attended, with this figure climbing to 67% in‐state. The geographic dispersion of alumni is more than twice as great for highly selective 4‐year institutions as for 2‐year institutions. However, more than one quarter of 2‐year institutions disperse alumni more diversely than the average public 4‐year institution. In one application of these data, we find that the average strength of the labor market to which a college sends its graduates predicts college‐specific intergenerational economic mobility. In a second application, we quantify the extent of “brain drain” across areas and illustrate the importance of considering migration patterns of college graduates when estimating the social return on public investment in higher education.
Did the Affordable Care Act's Medicaid eligibility expansions crowd out private health insurance coverage?
Authors: Lennon Conor 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe Affordable Care Act (ACA) provided funding to help states expand Medicaid eligibility to those earning up to 138% of the Federal Poverty Level. Such expansions in Medicaid eligibility, however, could “crowd out” private insurance coverage, including changes in coverage relating to other ACA provisions. To estimate the extent of such crowd out, I use a difference‐in‐differences empirical approach, examining changes in health insurance coverage sources among low‐income Americans in states that expanded eligibility relative to comparable individuals in states that did not. Using American Community Survey data from 2009 to 2019, I find a 43% crowd‐out rate, consisting of a 10.7 percentage point relative increase in Medicaid coverage among low‐income adults and a 4.6 percentage point relative decline in private health insurance among respondents in states that expanded Medicaid eligibility. Among working adults, my estimates imply a larger 56% rate of crowding out. Event study analyses provide support for a causal interpretation for my findings. I further show that my estimates are robust to different sample restrictions and estimation choices, are not subject to the issues raised by the new difference‐in‐differences literature, and are similar when I use approaches to identifying crowd out common in the existing literature.
Artificial neural network surrogate modeling for uncertainty quantification and structural optimization of reinforced concrete structures
Authors: Freitag Steffen , Edler Philipp , Schoen Stefanie , Meschke Günther 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOptimization approaches are important to design sustainable structures. In structural mechanics, different design objectives can be defined, for example, to minimize the required construction material or to maximize the structural durability. In this paper, the durability of a reinforced concrete (RC) structure is assessed by advanced finite element (FE) models to simulate the cracking behavior and the chloride transport process. The corrosion initiation time is used as durability measure to be maximized within an optimization approach, where the concrete cover is defined as design variable. The variability of structural loads and material parameters and unavoidable construction imprecision leads to a probabilistic reliability and durability assessment, where aleatory as well as epistemic uncertainties are quantified by random variables, intervals and probability‐boxes. The FE simulation models cannot directly be applied to structural analyses and optimizations with polymorphic uncertain parameters and design variables because of the high computational demand of the multi‐loop algorithm (Monte Carlo simulation, interval analysis, global optimization). In this paper, a new surrogate modeling strategy is presented, where artificial neural networks are trained sequentially to speed‐up the coupled mechanical and transport simulation FE models. The new approach is applied to the uncertainty quantification and the structural durability optimization of a RC structure.
Augmenting the mechanical performance of three‐dimensional woven composites by the synergistic effect of fabric architecture and interfacial interaction of carbon nanotubes
Authors: Majumdar Abhijit , Rathi Ankit , Mawkhlieng Unsanhame 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) woven fabrics offer many advantages over planar woven fabrics for composite applications. Because of the complex structure of 3D woven fabrics, an in‐depth investigation is needed to understand the effects of fabric architecture and nanofillers on the mechanical and failure behavior of 3D woven composites. The present study investigates the effect of 3D woven ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) orthogonal fabric architecture, with or without nanofillers, on the mechanical properties of composites. 3D woven orthogonal fabrics with varying proportions of stuffer‐to‐binder (S/B) yarns were manufactured and reinforced with an epoxy (EP) matrix. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were infused as nanofillers to improve the interaction between the UHMWPE fabric and the EP matrix. 3D woven composite having an S/B ratio of 2:1 showed the maximum tensile strength and toughness. On the other hand, 3D woven composite with an S/B ratio of 4:1 showed higher flexural strength and impact resistance. The failure mechanism was also studied by examining the fractured surfaces of composites, which revealed matrix cracking, fiber pullout, predominant binder yarn failure, and yarn slippage. From this study, it is understood that for 3D fabric reinforcement, a balance between structural integrity and load‐bearing capacity of yarns is decisive, whereas for the matrix, the incorporation of MWCNTs is found to be advantageous.Highlights
The role of structure of 3D woven orthogonal fabric on the mechanical behaviour of the UHMWPE‐epoxy composite is investigated.
The addition of functionalized MWCNTs improves the tensile, flexural, and impact properties.
The decisive role of the ratio of stuffer‐to‐binder yarns is established.
Matrix cracking, debonding, and yarn failure are observed during tensile failure.
Enhancing filtration performance of submicron particle filter media through bimodal structural design
Authors: Toptas Ali , Calisir Mehmet D. , Gungor Melike , Kilic Ali 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDepth filtration is a widely utilized mechanism for submicron aerosol filtration using disposable filter cartridges and facemasks. The filter media should be carefully engineered to reach high filtration efficiency and dust‐loading capacity at the expense of a low‐pressure drop (ΔP). Filter media with bimodal fiber diameter distribution enhance particle capture by creating small pores with tiny fibers, while microfibers improve airflow, reduce ΔP, and increase the effective filter area for particle retention. In this study, bimodal filters were achieved through the homogeneous distribution or layered use of nanofibers and microfibers. The impact of the bimodal design was explored using fibrous mats produced through melt‐blowing, solution‐blowing, and electroblowing methods. Keeping the basis weight of filter samples at 30 gsm, using four‐layered filters (4L) improved air permeability compared to single‐layer samples. The 4L sample exhibited the highest performance, achieving 99.52% efficiency at 148 Pa. Moreover, replacing the melt‐blown layer with bimodal mats in the 4L design increased the filtration efficiency to 99.61% keeping ΔP nearly the same. The corona discharge treatment yielded the highest efficiency (99.99%) in the 4BML sample, even after 1 month the efficiency was maintained at 99.90%, highlighting the advantage of bimodal fiber distribution in electret filters.Highlights
Four‐layered filter (4L) structures resulted in improved air permeability.
Bimodal layer (BL) achieved by adding SB nanofibers into the melt blowing.
BL in 4L structure increased the efficiency from 99.52% to 99.61%.
Modified BL sample (4BML) provides the highest QF (0.044 Pa−1) after 1 month.
Seltene und extreme Supernovae
Authors: Janka Hans‐Thomas 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungHypernovae, Kollapsare, superhelle Supernovae und schnelle blaue optische Transienten sind Explosionen massereicher Sterne mit extremen Energien, Helligkeiten oder einem ungewöhnlichen zeitlichen Verlauf ihrer Leuchtkraft. Ihre besonderen Eigenschaften verdanken sie vermutlich einem zentralen Motor, der ein rotierendes, akkretierendes Schwarzes Loch oder ein Magnetar sein kann. Auch die Wechselwirkung mit großen Mengen dichter zirkumstellarer Materie scheint eine Rolle zu spielen. Die Vorläufersterne dieser Phänomene sind unklar. Nach den theoretisch vorhergesagten Paarinstabilitäts‐Supernovae wird noch gefahndet.
Insights on the J‐integral expression of pure shear carbon black filled natural rubber specimen and predicting the crack growth rate using finite element method
Authors: Bhattacharyya Anandarup , Mishra Nitish , Dolui Tuhin , Chanda Jagannath , Ghosh Prasenjit , Mukhopadhyay R. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe J‐integral approach manifests itself in an efficient way to determine the crack growth and failure mechanism of tread and sidewall compounds used in tyres. Therefore, for a pure shear (PS) specimen of carbon black filled natural rubber, the J‐integral formula was vivisected, and the material parameters were defined using the concepts of solid mechanics considering the planar stress conditions. Theoretical calculations, experimental observations, and finite element analysis were executed to calculate the J value for different strain percentages. Different hyperelastic material models were used to understand the hyperelastic behavior of the test compound, but Yeoh model was found to be the best fit with the least error against the experimental test data. The frequency sweep dynamic mechanical analyzer test was done to observe the viscoelastic response of the material. It was observed that the J value decreased with decreasing contour radius and had exhibited stark difference with the global tearing energy values, indicating the effects of stress softening and the dependence of J value on the elastic characteristics of the material. Further, the J value attained from finite element methods for a random strain 22% was used to predict the crack growth rate of the pre‐notched PS specimen.Highlights
J‐integral formula for pure shear specimen using solid mechanics approach.
J value comparison of theoretical, experimental, and finite element methods.
Dependence of J value on the elastic characteristics of the material.
Different hyperelastic models compared and Yeoh model chosen for analysis.
Prediction of crack growth rate at a random strain percentage.
Lung function assessment in children with Long‐Covid syndrome
Authors: Sansone Francesco , Di Filippo Paola , Russo Daniele , Sgrazzutti Laura , Di Pillo Sabrina , Chiarelli Francesco , Attanasi Marina 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionA significant percentage of patients who survived the Coronavirus Infection Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) showed persistent general and respiratory symptoms even months after recovery. This condition, called Post‐Acute Sequelae of COVID‐19 or Long‐Covid syndrome (LCS), has been described also in children with positive history for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. Little is known about the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying this syndrome. The aim of this study was to investigate any difference between children with LCS and asymptomatic peers with previous COVID‐19 in terms of lung function and lung ultrasound (LUS) patterns. Secondly, we tested associations between lung function abnormalities and LUS findings with Long‐Covid.MethodsWe carried out a prospective, descriptive, observational study including 58 children aged 5–17 years: 28 with LCS compared to 30 asymptomatic children with previous COVID‐19. We collected demographic data, history of asthma, allergy or smoke exposure, and acute COVID‐19 symptoms. After a median period of 4.5 months (1%–95% range 2–21) since the infection, lung function was assessed by spirometry, body plethysmography, diffusion lung capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO). Airways inflammation was investigated by fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). LUS was performed independently by two experienced clinicians.ResultsWe found that children with LCS were older than controls (mean (SD) 12 (4.1) vs. 9.7 (2.6); p = .04). Children with LCS complained more frequently fatigue (46.4%), cough (17.9%), exercise intolerance (14.3%) and dyspnea (14.3%). Lung function was normal and similar between the two groups. The frequency of LUS abnormalities was similar between the two groups (43.3% children with LCS vs. 56.7% controls; p = .436). Children with LCS showed lower FeNO values (log difference −0.30 (CI 95% −0.50, −0.10)), but no association of LCS with a lower lung function and abnormal LUS findings was found.ConclusionsLCS seems to be more frequent in older age children. Lung functional and structural abnormalities were not different between children with LCS and asymptomatic subjects with previous COVID‐19. In addition, children with LCS showed lower FeNO values than controls, suggesting its potential role as a marker in LCS. However, further and larger studies are needed to confirm our findings.
Management of gastrointestinal and nutritional problems in children on home invasive mechanical ventilation
Authors: Tuna Kirsaçlioğlu Ceyda 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn recent decades, the patient survival is increased due to advances in intensive care units and development of modern mechanic ventilators. Unfortunately, it is not always possible to wean these children from mechanical ventilation. Recently, after placement a tracheostomy tube, these children can be supported at home with noninvasive or invasive mechanical ventilation. Most of the children who need ventilation support at home have neurological impairment. The nutritional issues and gastrointestinal (GI) complications are well defined in critically ill patients, but there are very limited studies on children with tracheostomy. Considering that majority of the patients have neuromuscular disorders, the nutritional and GI problems of the children with tracheostomy are discussed in light of the knowledge of critically ill patients.
Multi‐omics analysis identifies EcCS4 is negatively regulated in response to phytotoxin isovaleric acid stress in Echinochloa crus‐galli
Authors: Li Zuren , Bai Haodong , Bai Zhendong , Han Jincai , Luo Dingfeng , Bai Lianyang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDKnowledge of herbicidal targets is critical for weed management and food safety. The phytotoxin isovaleric acid (ISA) is effective against weeds with a broad spectrum, carries low environmental risks, and is thus an excellent herbicide lead. However, the biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying the action of ISA remain unclear.RESULTSMulti‐omics data showed that acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl‐CoA) was the key affected metabolite, and that citrate synthase (CS) 4 was substantially down‐regulated under ISA treatment in Echinochloa crus‐galli leaves. In particular, the transcript level of EcCS4 was the most significantly regulated among the six genes involved in the top 10 different pathways. The EcCS4 encodes a protein of 472 amino acids and is localized to the cell membrane and mitochondria, similar to the CS4s of other plants. The protein content of EcCS4 was down‐regulated after ISA treatment at 0.5 h. ISA markedly inhibited the CS4 activity in vitro in a concentration‐dependent manner (IC50 = 41.35 μM). In addition, the transgenic rice plants overexpressing EcCS4 (IC50 = 111.8 mM for OECS4‐8 line) were more sensitive, whereas loss‐of‐function rice mutant lines (IC50 = 746.5 mM for oscs4‐19) were more resistant to ISA, compared to wild type (WT) plants (IC50 = 355.6 mM).CONCLUSIONCS4 was first reported as a negative regulator of plant responses to ISA. These results highlight that CS4 is a candidate target gene for the development of novel herbicides and for breeding herbicide‐resistant crops. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Luteolin, a flavone ingredient: Anticancer mechanisms, combined medication strategy, pharmacokinetics, clinical trials, and pharmaceutical researches
Authors: Shi Mingyi , Chen Zixian , Gong Hui , Peng Zhaolei , Sun Qiang , Luo Kaipei , Wu Baoyu , Wen Chuanbiao , Lin Wei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCurrent pharmaceutical research is energetically excavating the pharmacotherapeutic role of herb‐derived ingredients in multiple malignancies’ targeting. Luteolin is one of the major phytochemical components that exist in various traditional Chinese medicine or medical herbs. Mounting evidence reveals that this phytoconstituent endows prominent therapeutic actions on diverse malignancies, with the underlying mechanisms, combined medication strategy, and pharmacokinetics elusive. Additionally, the clinical trial and pharmaceutical investigation of luteolin remain to be systematically delineated. The present review aimed to comprehensively summarize the updated information with regard to the anticancer mechanism, combined medication strategies, pharmacokinetics, clinical trials, and pharmaceutical researches of luteolin. The survey corroborates that luteolin executes multiple anticancer effects mainly by dampening proliferation and invasion, spurring apoptosis, intercepting cell cycle, regulating autophagy and immune, inhibiting inflammatory response, inducing ferroptosis, and pyroptosis, as well as epigenetic modification, and so on. Luteolin can be applied in combination with numerous clinical anticarcinogens and natural ingredients to synergistically enhance the therapeutic efficacy of malignancies while reducing adverse reactions. For pharmacokinetics, luteolin has an unfavorable oral bioavailability, it mainly persists in plasma as glucuronides and sulfate‐conjugates after being metabolized, and is regarded as potent inhibitors of OATP1B1 and OATP2B1, which may be messed with the pharmacokinetic interactions of miscellaneous bioactive substances in vivo. Besides, pharmaceutical innovation of luteolin with leading‐edge drug delivery systems such as host–guest complexes, nanoparticles, liposomes, nanoemulsion, microspheres, and hydrogels are beneficial to the exploitation of luteolin‐based products. Moreover, some registered clinical trials on luteolin are being carried out, yet clinical research on anticancer effects should be continuously promoted.
Dupilumab-Associated Head and Neck Dermatitis: Rapid Response with Abrocitinib Treatment
Authors: Santosa Adinia , Yew Yik Weng 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Development or exacerbation of head and neck dermatitis (HN-D) in association with dupilumab has been reported. Severity of HN-D varies, and may persist even with discontinuation of dupilumab. Development or exacerbation of HN-D is not yet completely understood, and various hypotheses have been made about the possible underlying pathophysiology. To date, there is no established treatment for HN-D in association with dupilumab. We report 2 cases of HN-D occurring following dupilumab treatment, with significant improvement of HN-D following treatment with abrocitinib.
Tunable Radiative Cooling by Mechanochromic Electrospun Micro‐Nanofiber Matrix
Authors: Pyun Kyung Rok , Jeong Seongmin , Yoo Myung Jin , Choi Seok Hwan , Baik Gunwoo , Lee Minjae , Song Jaeman , Ko Seung Hwan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRadiative thermoregulation has been regarded as an energy‐efficient method for thermal management. In this study, the development of a mechanoresponsive polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) micro‐nanofiber matrix capable of both sub‐ambient radiative cooling and solar heating is presented, achieved through a core‐shell electrospinning technique. The electrospun PDMS micro‐nanofibers, with diameters comparable to the solar wavelengths, exhibit excellent solar reflectivity (≈93%) while preserving its pristine high infrared (IR) emissivity. As a result, the electrospun PDMS radiative cooler (EPRC) successfully demonstrated sub‐ambient radiative cooling performance (≈3.8°C) during the daytime. Furthermore, the exceptional resilient property of PDMS facilitated the reversible alteration of the structural morphology created by the fiber‐based matrix under mechanical force, resulting in the modulation of solar reflectivity (≈80%). The precise modulation of solar reflectivity enabled reversibly switchable multi‐step radiative thermoregulation, offering enhanced flexibility in addressing varying thermal environments even in maintaining the desired temperature. The findings of this work offer a promising approach toward dynamic radiative thermoregulation, which holds significant potential for addressing global climate change concerns and energy shortage.
Nanoscale Design for High Entropy Alloy Electrocatalysts
Authors: Li Yanjie , Yao Zhenpeng , Gao Wenpei , Shang Wen , Deng Tao , Wu Jianbo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDue to their distinctive physical and chemical characteristics, high entropy alloys (HEAs), a class of alloys comprising multiple elements, have garnered a lot of attention. It is demonstrated recently that HEA electrocatalysts increase the activity and stability of several processes. In this paper, the most recent developments in HEA electrocatalysts research are reviewed, and the performance of HEAs in catalyzing key reactions in water electrolysis and fuel cells is summarized. In addition, the design strategies for HEA electrocatalysts optimization is introduced, which include component selection, size optimization, morphology control, structural engineering, crystal phase regulation, and theoretical prediction, which can guide component selection and structural design of HEA electrocatalysts.
An elastic framework construction method based on task migration in edge computing
Authors: Pu Yonglin , Li Ziyang , Yu Jiong , Lu Liang , Guo Binglei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEdge computing (EC) serves as an effective technology, empowering end‐users to attain high bandwidth and low latency by offloading tasks with high computational demands from mobile devices to edge servers. However, a major challenge arises when the processing load fluctuates continuously, leading to a performance bottleneck due to the inability to rescale edge node (EN) resources. To address this problem, the approach of task migration is introduced, and EN load prediction model, the resource constrained model, optimal communication overhead model, optimal task migration model, and energy consumption model are built to form a theoretical foundation from which to propose a task migration based resilient framework construction method in EC. With the aid of the domino effect and the combined effect of task migration, a dynamic node‐growing algorithm (DNGA) and a dynamic node‐shrinking algorithm (DNSA), both based on the task migration strategy, are proposed. Specifically, the DNGA smoothly expands the EN scale when the processing load increases, while the DNSA shrinks the EN scale when the processing load decreases. The experimental results show that for standard benchmarks deployed on an elastic framework, the proposed method realizes a smooth scaling mechanism in the EC, which reduces the latency and improves the reliability of data processing.