bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Encapsulated transgene cells attenuate hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy and enhance renal function in Goldblatt hypertensive rats
Authors: Chen Li‐Guo , Wang Zheng‐Rong , Wan Chao‐Min , Chao Lee , Chao Julie , Xing Hao‐Yang 
Published: March 2004

AbstractBackgroundThe success of any gene‐therapy approach depends on the survival of the genetically engineered cells that are implanted in the patient to deliver the therapeutic product. Immunoisolation of nonautologous cells within a microcapsule is a unique approach for gene therapy.MethodsWe employed an immunoisolation device that protects nonautologous cells from destruction, to implant human atrial natriuretic peptide (hANP)‐producing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in two‐kidney, one‐clip (2K1C) hypertensive rats. CHO cells transfected with the plasmid CMV‐cANP were encapsulated in biocompatible polycaprolactone (PCL) capsules, and then the PCL capsules were implanted into 2K1C hypertensive rats intraperitoneally.ResultsThe implantation of encapsulated hANP‐producing cells caused a significant delay of blood pressure (BP) increase 2 weeks post‐implantation and the effect lasted for more than 5 months. The implantation of encapsulated hANP‐producing cells also caused significant increases in renal blood flow (RBF), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), sodium output, urine excretion, and urinary cGMP levels. These beneficial effects were reflected morphologically by an attenuation of the glomerular sclerotic lesions, reduction in cardiomyocyte size, tubular injury and renal arterial thickening. Immunoreactive hANP can be detected in the blood of 2K1C rats after implantation of the PCL capsules containing hANP‐producing cells.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the usefulness of encapsulated ANP gene transfected cells as a new tool for ANP gene delivery in studying renovascular hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Thus, our results may have important implications for clinical use of transgene cells as therapeutic agents in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of deuterium‐labelled 6‐[5‐(4‐amidinophenyl)furan‐2‐yl]nicotinamidine and N‐alkoxy‐6‐{5‐[4‐(N‐alkoxyamidino)phenyl]‐ furan‐2‐yl}‐nicotinamidines
Authors: Ismail Mohamed A. , Boykin David W. 
Published: March 2004

Abstract6‐[5‐(4‐Amidinophenyl)furan‐2‐yl]nicotinamidine‐d4 (5) was synthesized from 6‐[5‐(4‐cyanophenyl)furan‐2‐yl]nicotinonitrile‐d4 (3), through the bis‐O‐acetoxy‐amidoxime followed by hydrogenation. Compound 3 was prepared from 6‐(furan‐2‐yl)‐nicotinonitrile by a Heck coupling reaction with 4‐bromobenzonitrile‐d4, a product of selective cyanation reaction of 1,4‐dibromobenzene‐d4 with Cu(1)CN. Deuterium‐labelled N‐methoxy‐6‐{5‐[4‐(N‐methoxy‐amidinophenyl]‐furan‐2‐yl}‐nicotinamidines were prepared via methylation of their respective amidoximes with dimethyl sulfate‐d6 in aqueous sodium hydroxide in good yields. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quality of Malaysian cocoa butter during storage
Authors: Hamid Asimah , Damit Alias Awang 
Published: March 2004

AbstractMalaysian pure prime pressed and deodorised cocoa butters were obtained from local cocoa grinders and analysed for quality deterioration. Approximately 5 kg of each sample was packed in corrugated paper boxes lined with low‐density polyethylene plastic material of thickness 73.2 µm. The water vapour transmission rate and gas transmission rate (for oxygen) of the plastic material were 3.21 g m−2 day−1 (37.8 °C, 90 ± 2% RH) and 71.57 cm3 m−2 day−1 (23.0 °C, 0% RH) respectively. The butters were stored at 15 ± 4 °C and 70 ± 4% RH for up to 24 months. Samples were taken every 2 months and analysed for free fatty acid content, saponification value, iodine value, refractive index and peroxide value. The findings indicated that the free fatty acid content, iodine value and peroxide value of both types of cocoa butter increased with storage duration. The other parameters showed no significant changes. However, the free fatty acid content and peroxide value after 24 months of storage were still below the limits specified in Malaysia. Therefore we conclude that both types of Malaysian cocoa butter are still in good condition after 24 months of storage, with minimal quality deterioration. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Occurrence of ochratoxin A and toxigenic potential of fungal isolates from Spanish grapes
Authors: Bellí Neus , Pardo Ester , Marín Sonia , Farré Gemma , Ramos Antonio J , Sanchis Vicente 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThis paper reports the results from an extensive survey of filamentous fungi isolated from wine‐producing grapes and their capacity to produce ochratoxin A (OTA) on Czapek Yeast Autolysate agar (CYA), in order to assess their potential for producing this toxin in grapes. Grapes were sampled from four Spanish wine‐producing regions during 2001. The fungal infection in berries increased with time, reaching 100% at harvest. A total of 386 isolates of Aspergillus section Nigri and 10 of Aspergillus section Circumdati were isolated and tested for their ability to produce OTA in CYA. 21 strains produced OTA (18 Aspergillus section Nigri and 3 Aspergillus section Circumdati). Aspergillus section Circumdati isolates produced higher amounts of OTA than Aspergillus section Nigri ones, with means of 10.76 µg g−1 CYA and 1.42 µg g−1 CYA, respectively. Despite this, black aspergilli are believed to be highly responsible for the OTA levels found in musts and wines, as it is more widespread in grapes. Musts (n = 40) produced from the grapes collected were analysed. 15% were found to contain OTA, concentrations ranging from 0.091 to 0.813 ng ml−1 (detection limit: 0.07 ng ml−1), but no correlation was found with the ochratoxigenic moulds isolated from grapes. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of Ca2+, K+ and NO3− fertilisation on nutritional quality of pepper
Authors: Flores Pilar , Navarro Josefa M , Garrido Consuelo , Rubio Jose S , Martínez Vicente 
Published: March 2004

AbstractA study was conducted in order to assess the effect of different fertilisation levels of Ca2+, K+ and NO3− on the bioactive nutrient content in red pepper (Capsicum annuum L) fruits. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, under hydroponic culture. Lycopene, β‐carotene, vitamin C, total phenolic compound, sugar, nitrate and potassium contents and antioxidant activity were determined. Increasing Ca2+ and NO3− concentrations in the root medium increased the lycopene and β‐carotene contents in pepper. Antioxidant activity was determined in the hydrophilic (HAA) and lipophilic (LAA) fractions. HAA was increased by intermediate and high Ca2+ concentrations in the culture medium. However, LAA was raised only by NO3− treatments. Vitamin C, sugar and total phenolic acid contents were not affected by Ca2+ or NO3− treatments. K+ treatments had no effect on nutritional quality of pepper. An increased supply of Ca2+ and NO3− in the culture medium could constitute a useful practice for improving the nutritional attributes of pepper as well as its commercial quality. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Variability in oil content and fatty acid composition of Ethiopian and introduced cultivars of linseed
Authors: Wakjira Adugna , Labuschagne Maryke T , Hugo Arno 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThis study was undertaken to assess the variability in oil content, oil yield and fatty acid composition of 60 linseed cultivars and to identify suitable accessions for use in future breeding and development endeavours in Ethiopia. Mean oil contents ranged from 291 to 359 g kg−1, while oil yields varied between 1443 and 3276 g m−2. Exotic introductions, especially those from Canada such as CDC‐VG, had higher oil contents than the local cultivars. Thus the introduction of exotic materials should be given more emphasis through germplasm exchange programmes. Unsaturated fatty acids were the major components in the oils, varying significantly (P < 0.01) from 859 to 906 g kg−1, while minor saturated fatty acids were present at 84–119 g kg−1. The contents of oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids were 148–293, 109–161 and 470–591 g kg−1 respectively. Although accessions with variable linolenic acid contents were identified, this variability was insufficient to develop genotypes with less than 20 g kg−1 linolenic acid for cooking oil through conventional crossing and selection methods. Hence mutation techniques and the introduction of exotic lines should be regarded as alternative approaches to obtain linseed genotypes with low linolenic acid contents. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Ochratoxin A in wines, musts and grape juices from Spain
Authors: Bellí Neus , Marín Sonia , Duaigües Araceli , Ramos Antonio J , Sanchis Vicente 
Published: March 2004

AbstractA survey on the occurrence of ochratoxin A (OTA) in 240 grape‐based beverages was carried out. Red and white wines from four different Spanish Designations of Origin (n = 160), musts (n = 20), grape juices (n = 10), ordinary wines (n = 20), special wines (Malaga, muscatel, sherry, vermouth, etc) (n = 20) and sparkling wines (n = 10) were assayed for OTA content using immunoaffinity column clean‐up and high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection (detection limit 0.05 µg l−1). Forty‐three (17.9%) of the samples tested contained detectable levels of OTA. The overall mean OTA concentration in red and white wines of Designations of Origin was 0.30 and 0.18 µg l−1 respectively (ranges 0.05–3.19 and 0.05–1.13 µg l−1 respectively). The percentage of wine samples with detectable amounts of OTA was higher for red (18.3%) than for white (10%) wines. OTA was also found in two of 10 red ordinary wines (0.68 and 4.24 µg l−1), whereas none of 10 white ordinary wines contained OTA. The mean OTA amount detected in sparkling wines was 0.44 µg l−1 (range 0.14–0.71 µg l−1). Two of 20 must samples contained OTA at low levels (0.08 and 0.18 µg l−1), while none of 10 grape juice samples contained OTA. Highest amounts of OTA were found in special wines (45%), with a maximum of 15.25 µg l−1 in a muscatel sample. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Application of headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) and comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) for the chemical profiling of volatile oils in complex herbal mixtures
Authors: Di Xin , Shellie Robert A. , Marriott Philip J. , Huie Carmen W. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe coupling of headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) with comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) was shown to be a powerful technique for the rapid sampling and analysis of volatile oils in complex herbal materials. When compared to one‐dimensional (1‐D) GC, the improved analytical capabilities of GC×GC in terms of increased detection sensitivity and separation power were demonstrated by using HS‐SPME/GC×GC for the chemical profiling (fingerprinting) of essential/volatile oils contained in herbal materials of increasing analytical complexity. More than 20 marker compounds belonging to Panax quinquefolius (American ginseng) can be observed within the 2‐D contour plots of ginseng itself, a mixture of ginseng and another important herb (P. quinquefolius/Radix angelicae sinensis), as well as a mixture of ginseng and three other herbs (P. quinquefolius /R. angelicae sinensis/R. astragali/R. rehmanniae preparata). Such analytical capabilities should be important towards the authentication and quality control of herbal products, which are receiving increasing attention as alternative medicines worldwide. In particular, the presence of Panax in the herb formulation could be readily identified through its specific peak pattern in the 2‐D GC×GC plot.
Comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography in stop‐flow mode
Authors: Harynuk James , Górecki Tadeusz 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe theory and proof of concept of a new mode of operation for comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) is presented. In current GC×GC interface designs, the modulation period defines the separation time allowed in the second dimension. In the stop‐flow GC×GC mode, flow in the primary column is periodically stopped for brief periods of time. Consequently, the modulation period for the primary column and the amount of time available for second dimension separation become independent variables. This allows the separations in both the primary and secondary dimensions of the GC×GC system to be carried out under more optimised conditions, allowing extended periods of time for second dimension separations without sacrificing the separation in the primary dimension. This new technique has the potential to offer increased separation power and overall resolution as it is further developed.
The evolution of comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC)
Authors: Górecki Tadeusz , Harynuk James , Panić Ognjen 
Published: March 2004

AbstractFor a technology little over a decade old, comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) has quickly reached the status of one of the most powerful analytical tools for volatile organic compounds. At the heart of any GC×GC system is an interface, which physically connects the primary and the secondary columns and acts to preserve the separation obtained in the first dimension (first column) while allowing additional separation in the second dimension. The paper presents a review of the technology, including fundamental principles of the technique, data processing and interpretation and a timeline of inventive contributions to interface design. In addition, applications of the technique are presented, with a more detailed discussion of selected examples.
Comprehensive multidimensional GC for the characterization of roasted coffee beans
Authors: Mondello Luigi , Casilli Alessandro , Tranchida Peter Quinto , Dugo Paola , Costa Rosaria , Festa Saverio , Dugo Giovanni 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe present investigation is based on the separation of one of the most complex food matrices: the roasted coffee bean volatile fraction. Analysis of the two main species of coffee (Arabica/Robusta) was achieved through an effective and simple sampling procedure, headspace solid‐phase microextraction (SPME), and the unprecedented resolving power of comprehensive gas chromatography (GC×GC). The combination of these two techniques proved to be a powerful tool for the extraction and separation of coffee volatiles. In fact, thousands of compounds that play various roles in the constitution of coffee aroma profile were resolved in the 2‐D contour plot, each occupying a specific position pinpointed by two retention time coordinates. The potential use of this method for the assessment of coffee quality and the detection of commercial fraud is discussed. The potential of GC×GC for identification and classification of unknowns was also demonstrated, as the formation of characteristic patterns for structurally related compounds was observed in the bidimensional chromatogram. Moreover, reproducibility results were supported by the use of an autosampler for SPME applications that allowed any inaccuracy arising from manual handling to be avoided.
Automated on‐line comprehensive two‐dimensional LC×GC and LC×GC–ToF MS: Instrument design and application to edible oil and fat analysis
Authors: de Koning Sjaak , Janssen Hans‐Gerd , van Deursen Marieke , Brinkman Udo A. Th. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractAfter a successful off‐line feasibility study, the automation of comprehensively coupled liquid chromatography and gas chromatography (LC×GC) has been studied. Important aspects to consider when developing automated LG×GC include the relative speeds of the two dimensions, the compatibility of the LC eluent (type and flow rate) with the GC dimension, and the column loadabilities. Because the GC separation is relatively slow, the LC instrument has to be operated in the stop‐flow mode. Two interfaces for transferring large numbers of subsequent LC fractions to the GC were constructed: one based on a six‐port switching valve, and one which uses a dual side‐port syringe. Both interfaces were found to perform fully acceptably. The actual transfer of the LC fraction to the GC was realised using a standard split injector to vaporise the compounds and LC eluent. Gas phase splitting was applied to match LC mass load and GC column loadability. The standard deviations of the peak areas obtained in this way were better than 7% (n = 6). The reliability of the system was demonstrated by the problem‐free analysis of large series of oil and fat samples, with the focus on both intact triglycerides and their fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). Finally, the hyphenation of the automated LC×GC system to a sensitive and rapid‐scanning time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer was realised. By using LC×GC–ToF MS, the information density of the chromatograms could be improved even further, which allowed easy identification of individual compounds as well as compound groups.
Biodegradable Aliphatic Polyester Ionomers
Authors: Han Sang‐Il , Yoo Youngtai , Kim Dong Kook , Im Seung Soon 
Published: March 2004

AbstractSummary: A series of polyester‐based ionomers containing dimethyl 5‐sulfoisophthalate sodium salt (DMSI) with up to 5 mol‐% diacid units was synthesized by two‐step polycondensation. Furthermore a polylactic acid (PLA) was modified by introducing poly(ethylene‐co‐methacrylic acid) ionomers with different ion groups, such as Na, Li, and Zn, using the melt blending method. This review examines the effect of the ionic group on the dynamic mechanical properties, melt rheology, crystallization behavior, degradation behavior, and biocompatibility with human dermal cells, as well as the nucleating effect of poly(ethylene‐co‐methacrylic acid) ionomer in PLA.Scanning electron micrograph of human dermal fibroblast proliferated on the surface of PBSi‐5 film at eight days of culture.imageScanning electron micrograph of human dermal fibroblast proliferated on the surface of PBSi‐5 film at eight days of culture.
Identification of protein associations in organelles, using mass spectrometry‐based proteomics
Authors: Warnock Dale E. , Fahy Eoin , Taylor Steven W. 
Published: March 2004

Abstract

I.
Introduction
260

II.
Progress on Mapping Organellar Proteomes and Their Component Protein Complexes
260

A.  Mitochondria
260

1.  Global Analysis
260

2.  Directed Analysis
262

3.  Protein Complexes
263

a.  Complex V
263

b.  Complex I
264

c.  Mitochondrial ribosomal complexes
264

d.  Other mitochondrial complexes
265

B.  Chloroplasts
265

1.  Directed Analysis
265

2.  Protein Complexes
266

a.  Photosystems I and II antenna proteins
266

b.  Cytochrome b6f complex
266

c.  Chloroplast ribosomal complexes
267

C.  Golgi Apparatus
267

1.  Global Analysis
267

2.  Protein Complexes
267

a.  Triton X‐100 insoluble fraction
268

D.  Lysosomes, Peroxisomes, Phagosomes, and Lysosome‐Related Organelles (LROs)
268

1.  Global Analysis
268

a.  Lysosomes
268

b.  Peroxisomes
269

c.  Phagosomes
269

d.  LROs
269

2.  Protein Complexes
270

a.  Lipid rafts of the endosome/lysosome system
270

E.  Nucleolus
270

1.  Directed Analysis
270

2.  Protein Complexes
271

a.  Nucleolus
271

b.  Nuclear‐pore complex
271

c.  Pol II preinitiation complex (PIC)
271

III.
Organellar Bioinformatics
272

A.  Prediction Strategies
272

B.  Protein–Protein Interaction Databases
274

IV.
Validation
274

V.
Concluding Remarks
276

Abbreviations
276

Acknowledgments
277

References
277

Recent literature that highlights the power of using mass spectrometry (MS) for protein identification from preparations of highly purified organelles and other large subcellular structures is covered in this review with an emphasis on techniques that preserve the integrity of the functional protein complexes. Recent advances in distinguishing contaminant proteins from “bonafide” organelle‐localized proteins and the affinity capture of protein complexes are reviewed, as well as bioinformatic strategies to predict protein organellar localization and to integrate protein–protein interaction maps obtained from MS‐affinity capture methods with data obtained from other techniques. Those developments demonstrate that a revolution in cellular biology, fueled by technical advances in MS‐based proteomic techniques, is well underway. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 23:259–280, 2004
Reversible orofacial dyskinesia after ofloxacin treatment
Authors: De Bleecker Jan L. , Vervaet Veerle L. , De Sarro Angela 
Published: March 2004

AbstractWe report on a patient who developed orofacial dyskinesia 3 days after starting ofloxacin treatment. The association of orofacial dyskinesia with other fluoroquinolone antibiotics has been reported rarely, chiefly in the elderly with impaired renal or hepatic function or in overdosed patients. It has been ascribed to interference with GABA‐ergic neurotransmission. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society
Atypical parkinsonism and motor neuron syndrome in a Biosphere 2 participant: A possible complication of chronic hypoxia and carbon monoxide toxicity?
Authors: Lassinger Brian K. , Kwak Carolyn , Walford Roy L. , Jankovic Joseph 
Published: March 2004

AbstractExogenous toxins and chronic hypoxia have been implicated in the etiopathogenesis of a variety of neurological disorders, but it is not always possible to establish a cause–effect relationships. We describe a patient who presented with an unusual gait disorder and progressive motor neuron disease after residing for 2 years within Biosphere 2, a scientifically engineered dome, tightly sealed to allow miniscule exchange of air between its atmosphere and the earth's atmosphere. We postulate that this unusual syndrome resulted from chronic hypoxia possibly coupled with carbon monoxide and nitrous oxide exposure. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society
Amphetamine‐induced chorea in attention deficit–hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Morgan John C. , Winter W. Christopher , Wooten G. Frederick 
Published: March 2004

AbstractAttention deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is treated frequently with stimulants in both children and adults. While tics are occasional complications of stimulant therapy, chorea is reported rarely. We describe an adult ADHD patient who developed chorea upon dose escalation of mixed amphetamine salts, which resolved on discontinuation of the drug. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society
Clinical evaluation and management of myasthenia gravis
Authors: Keesey John C. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractMyasthenia gravis (MG) is a syndrome of fluctuating skeletal muscle weakness that worsens with use and improves with rest. Eye, facial, oropharyngeal, axial, and limb muscles may be involved in varying combinations and degrees of severity. Its etiology is heterogeneous, divided initially between those rare congenital myasthenic syndromes, which are genetic, and the bulk of MG, which is acquired and autoimmune. The autoimmune conditions are divided in turn between those that possess measurable serum acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibodies and a smaller group that does not. The latter group includes those MG patients who have serum antibodies to muscle‐specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK). Therapeutic considerations differ for early‐onset MG, late‐onset MG, and MG associated with the presence of a thymoma. Most MG patients can be treated effectively, but there is still a need for more specific immunological approaches. Muscle Nerve 29: 484–505, 2004