bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A brief examination of treatment outcomes in higher levels of care for individuals with eating disorders across age groups
Authors: Rienecke Renee D. , Mehler Philip S. , Duffy Alan , Le Grange Daniel , Blalock Dan V. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveAlthough eating disorders (EDs) occur throughout the lifespan, little research has been conducted with midlife/older adults, particularly those in higher levels of care (HLOC). The current study examined outcomes among 2009 patients with EDs receiving HLOC treatment at a large multisite facility between January 2020 and June 2022, across different age groups (ages <18, 18–25, 26–39 and ≥40). It was hypothesised that patients aged 40+ would exhibit less improvement on measures of ED psychopathology and depression than other age groups.MethodParticipants completed the eating disorder examination‐questionnaire (EDE‐Q) and the patient health questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9) at admission and discharge.ResultsChanges for all outcomes from admission to discharge were statistically significant at p < 0.001 across all age groups. Changes in the EDE‐Q Restraint subscale were significantly less in patients ages 26–39 than in patients ages 18–25 (p < 0.01). Changes in PHQ‐9 were significantly greater in patients ages 40+ than patients ages 18–25 (p = 0.03).ConclusionsContrary to hypotheses, patients ages 40+ did not show worse outcomes than younger patients, and showed greater improvements in depression than young adults. The therapeutic needs of midlife/older adults with EDs may be favourably met by a HLOC regimen as described in this study.
Characteristics, antimicrobial capacity, and antioxidant potential of electrospun zein/polyvinyl alcohol nanofibers containing thymoquinone and electrosprayed resveratrol nanoparticles
Authors: Aminzare Majid , Soltan Ahmadi Saeideh , Azar Hassan Hassanzad , Nikfarjam Nasser , Roohinejad Shahin , Greiner Ralf , Tahergorabi Reza 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to fabricate, characterize, and evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of zein/polyvinyl alcohol (ZN/PVA) nanofibers containing 2% and 4% of thymoquinone (TQ), either alone or in combination with electrosprayed ZN nanoparticles containing 1% and 2% of resveratrol (RS). According to scanning electron microscopy analysis, the diameter of nanofibers and nanoparticles increased with increasing TQ and RS concentrations, respectively. The molecular interaction between ZN or PVA polymers and TQ or RS was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the thermal stability of nanofibers did not change with the addition of TQ and RS. Moreover, incorporation of TQ in nanofibers along with RS nanoparticles increased their antibacterial and free radical scavenging activities based on broth dilution and DPPH methods, respectively (p ≤ .05). Escherichia coli O157:H7 (as a Gram‐negative pathogenic bacteria) was more resistant to all treatments than Staphylococcus aureus (as a Gram‐positive pathogenic bacteria). In addition, the combined use of TQ in nanofibers and RS nanoparticles had antagonistic antibacterial and synergistic antioxidant effects. The best results were obtained with ZN/PVA nanofiber containing 4% TQ and electrosprayed with 2% RS nanoparticles (p ≤ .05). According to the results of the present study, biodegradable ZN/PVA nanofiber containing TQ and electrosprayed with RS nanoparticles can be used as a novel active packaging material in the food industry.
New insights on the potential effect of progesterone in Covid‐19: Anti‐inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects
Authors: Al‐Kuraishy Hayder M. , Al‐Maiahy Thabat J. , Al‐Gareeb Ali I. , Alexiou Athanasios , Papadakis Marios , Elhussieny Omnya , Saad Hebatallah M. , Batiha Gaber El‐Saber 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a pandemic disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV type 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). COVID‐19 is higher in men than women and sex hormones have immune‐modulator effects during different viral infections, including SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. One of the essential sex hormones is progesterone (P4). Aims: This review aimed to reveal the association between P4 and Covid‐19. Results and Discussion: The possible role of P4 in COVID‐19 could be beneficial through the modulation of inflammatory signaling pathways, induction of the release of anti‐inflammatory cytokines, and inhibition release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. P4 stimulates skew of naïve T cells from inflammatory Th1 toward anti‐inflammatory Th2 with activation release of anti‐inflammatory cytokines, and activation of regulatory T cells (Treg) with decreased interferon‐gamma production that increased during SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. In addition, P4 is regarded as a potent antagonist of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), it could reduce MRs that were activated by stimulated aldosterone from high AngII during SARS‐CoV‐2. P4 active metabolite allopregnanolone is regarded as a neurosteroid that acts as a positive modulator of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABAA) so it may reduce neuropsychiatric manifestations and dysautonomia in COVID‐19 patients. Conclusion: Taken together, the anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of P4 may improve central and peripheral complications in COVID‐19.
Making and breaking habits: Revisiting the definitions and behavioral factors that influence habits in animals
Authors: Handel Sophia N. , Smith Rachel J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHabits have garnered significant interest in studies of associative learning and maladaptive behavior. However, habit research has faced scrutiny and challenges related to the definitions and methods. Differences in the conceptualizations of habits between animal and human studies create difficulties for translational research. Here, we review the definitions and commonly used methods for studying habits in animals and humans and discuss potential alternative ways to assess habits, such as automaticity. To better understand habits, we then focus on the behavioral factors that have been shown to make or break habits in animals, as well as potential mechanisms underlying the influence of these factors. We discuss the evidence that habitual and goal‐directed systems learn in parallel and that they seem to interact in competitive and cooperative manners. Finally, we draw parallels between habitual responding and compulsive drug seeking in animals to delineate the similarities and differences in these behaviors.
Informality, self‐employment and heterogeneous managerial ability: A model for developing countries
Authors: Badaoui Eliane , Bargain Olivier , Kwenda Prudence , Strobl Eric , Walsh Frank 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe view of informal employment as a last resort in the labour market has recently been challenged by numerous studies documenting the existence of a high degree of heterogeneity within the formal and informal sectors. In particular, informal self‐employment/employment may be voluntary or forced. There is currently not much theoretical support for these observations. We develop a theoretical model of the labour market with both formal and informal firms and a distribution of managerial skills in the population. Consistent with existing empirical evidence, this setup reconciles the undesirable and productive forms of self‐employment that coexist in the economy.
General anesthesia enhances lesion quality and ablation efficiency of circumferential pulmonary vein isolation
Authors: Wang Kexin , Jin Caiyi , Chen Hongwu , Yang Gang , Liu Hailei , Wang Zidun , Jiang Xiaohong , Ju Weizhu , Chen Minglong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundPulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is the cornerstone of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. General anesthesia (GA) resolves the problem of pain intolerability and provides regular respiratory mode which might improve the catheter maneuverability of AF ablation. This study aims to compare the procedural performance of PVI under GA versus conscious sedation (CS) from multiple perspectives.MethodsA total of 36 consecutive patients undergoing first AF ablation under GA were enrolled in GA group. Another 109 patients receiving AF ablation under CS in the same period were selected as the control group. After propensity score matching, 29 matched pairs with similar baseline characteristics were available for further analysis. The AIFV (using AI to analyze the raw data from CARTO3 system) system was used to evaluate six procedural parameters in each PVI procedure.ResultsCompared with CS, PVI under GA had a significantly shorter total PVI time (51.4 min vs. 67.8 min; p = .003) and higher radiofrequency ratio (62.6% vs. 55.8%; p = .032). The number of gaps (1.0 vs. 3.0; p < .001) and the rate of break point were significantly lower in the GA group. GA was also associated with a higher effective ablation‐index ratio (87.5% vs. 74.1%; p < .001) and effective force‐over‐time ratio (85.3% vs. 69.2%; p = .001). After a medium follow‐up time of 24 months, 12/29 (41.4%) patients in the CS group and 6/29 (20.7%) patients in the GA group suffered from AF recurrence (p = .156).ConclusionsGA improves the lesion quality and procedural efficiency of PVI from multiple perspectives evaluated by the AIFV system.
Improvement of physicochemical properties of lycopene by the self‐assembly encapsulation of recombinant ferritin GF1 from oyster (Crassostrea gigas)
Authors: Xia Xiaoyu , Li Han , Xu Xianbing , Wu Chao , Wang Zhenyu , Zhao Guanghua , Du Ming 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDLycopene (LYC), a carotenoid found in abundance in ripe red fruits, exhibits higher singlet oxygen quenching activity than other carotenoids. However, the stability of LYC is extremely poor due to its high double‐bond content. In this paper, a nano‐encapsulation strategy based on highly stable marine‐derived ferritin GF1 nanocages was used to improve the thermal stability and oxidation resistance of LYC, thereby boosting its functional effectiveness and industrial applicability.RESULTSThe preparation of GF1‐LYC nanoparticles benefited from the pH‐responsive reversible self‐assembly of GF1 to capture LYC molecules into GF1 cavities with a LYC‐to‐protein ratio of 51 to 1. After the encapsulation of the LYC, the reassembled GF1 nanocages maintained intact morphology and good monodispersity. The GF1‐LYC nanoparticles incorporated the characteristic LYC peaks in spectrograms, and their powder form contained the crystalline form of LYC. Molecular docking revealed that LYC bound with the inner triple‐axis channel areas of GF1, interacting with VAL139, LYS72, LYS65, TYR69, PHE129, HIS133, HIS62, and TYR134 amino acids through hydrophobic bonds. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy also demonstrated the bonding of GF1 and LYC. In comparison with free LYC, GF1 reduced the thermal degradation of encapsulated LYC at 37 °C significantly and maintained the 2,2‐Diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)‐scavenging ability of LYC.CONCLUSIONAs expected, the water solubility, thermal stability, and antioxidant capacity of encapsulated LYC from GF1‐LYC nanoparticles was notably improved in comparison with free LYC, indicating that the shell‐like marine ferritin nanoplatform might enhance the stable delivery of LYC and promote its utilization in the field of food nutrition and in other industries. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Curcumin suppresses the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway by inhibiting NKD2 methylation to ameliorate intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Zhu Jia‐Xi , Dun Yu , Wu Wei , Shen Jie , Zhang Feng , Zhang Lin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a life‐threatening condition with no effective treatment currently available. Curcumin (CCM), a polyphenol compound in Curcuma Longa, reportedly has positive effects against intestinal I/R injury. However, the mechanism underlying the protective effect of CCM against intestinal I/R injury has not been fully clarified. To determine whether the protective effect of CCM was mediated by epigenetic effects on Wnt/β‐catenin signaling, the effect of CCM was examined in vivo and in vitro. An intestinal I/R model was established in Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats with superior mesenteric artery occlusion, and Caco‐2 cells were subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) for in vivo simulation of I/R. The results showed that CCM significantly reduced inflammatory, cell apoptosis, and oxidative stress induced by I/R insult in vivo and in vitro. Western blot analysis showed that CCM preconditioning reduced the protein levels of β‐catenin, p‐GSK3β, and cyclin‐D1 and increased the protein level of GSK3β compared with the I/R group. Overexpressing β‐catenin aggravated H/R injury, and knocking down β‐catenin relieved H/R injury by improving intestinal permeability and reducing the cell apoptosis. Moreover, Naked cuticle homolog 2(NKD2) mRNA and protein levels were upregulated in the CCM‐pretreated group. 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine (5‐AZA) treatment improved intestinal epithelial barrier impairment induced by H/R. Besides, the protein levels of total β‐catenin, phosphor‐β‐catenin and cyclin‐D1 were reduced after overexpressing NKD2 in Caco‐2 cells following H/R insult. In conclusion, Our study suggests that CCM could attenuate intestinal I/R injury in vitro and in vivo by suppressing the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway via inhibition of NKD2 methylation.
Applications of visualizing cochlear basal turn in cochlear implantation
Authors: Sugarova Sima , Kuzovkov Vlad , Altamimi Fahad , Vetrichelvan Janani , Prasad Rohit , Kedves Andras , Dhanasingh Anandhan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo report a reliable method in obtaining optimal cochlear basal turn and cross‐section (c/s) of internal auditory canal (IAC) supporting Cochlear implantation (CI) procedure.Materials and MethodsComputer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance image (MRI) scans of potential CI candidates from 2018 to 2022 from the tertiary center were considered for analysis. Slicer software was used in three‐dimensional (3D) segmentation of inner ear and for capturing the cochlear basal turn.ResultsA total of 1932 head scans were made available for the analysis and out of which 1866 scans had normal anatomy (NA) inner ear. Incomplete partition (IP) type‐I was identified in 19 ears, IP type‐II in 27 ears, IP type‐III in 6 ears, cochlear hypoplasia (CH) type‐I in 6 ears, CH type‐II in 1 ear, CH type‐III in 3 ears, and CH type‐IV is 3 ears, and enlarged vestibular aqueduct syndrome in 1 ear. 3D segmented inner ear helped in successfully obtaining the cochlear basal turn and the c/s of IAC in all anatomical types. Time taken to capture the cochlear basal turn with the help of 3D segmented inner ear was <1 min. Within the NA category, five cases showed scalar ossification, and its extent was identified in the cochlear basal turn.ConclusionThe identification and the extent of ossification in the scala tympani, shape of the basal turn, and the cochlear size measurement in cochlear basal turn has high clinical relevance as this helps in surgical planning and in choosing appropriate electrode length.Level of evidence: Level 2 to the best of our understanding.
THz Generation via Optical Rectification in Nanomaterials: Universal Modeling Approach and Effective χ¯¯(2)$\bar{\bar{\chi }}^{(2)}$ Description
Authors: Arregui Leon Unai , Carletti Luca , Rocco Davide , De Angelis Costantino , Della Valle Giuseppe 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOptical rectification (OR) at the nanoscale has attracted an increasing interest in the prospect of providing efficient ultracompact terahertz (THz) sources. Here, a universal modeling approach capable of addressing both isotropic and anisotropic all‐dielectric nonlinear nanomaterials on an ultra‐broad spectral range, covering the highly dispersive phonon‐polariton window, and different orientations of the crystallographic axes with respect to the geometry of the structure is reported. This analysis is exemplified by considering two study cases, that is, nanopillars of AlGaAs and of LiNbO3. A close comparison between the two cases is established in terms of THz generation efficiency from 4 to 14 THz. Phonon‐polariton contributions to the OR process are disentangled from the electronic one, and a model order reduction based on the reciprocity theorem is applied and validated on both the considered configurations. These results, combined with the inspection of the THz near‐field features, pave the way to the design and optimization of nonlinear metasurfaces for THz generation and detection at the nanoscale.
DNAJC12 in Monoamine Metabolism, Neurodevelopment, and Neurodegeneration
Authors: Deng Isaac Bul , Follett Jordan , Bu Mengfei , Farrer Matthew J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRecent studies show that pathogenic variants in DNAJC12, a co‐chaperone for monoamine synthesis, may cause mild hyperphenylalaninemia with infantile dystonia, young‐onset parkinsonism, developmental delay and cognitive deficits. DNAJC12 has been included in newborn screening, most revealingly in Spain, and those results highlight the importance of genetic diagnosis and early intervention in combating human disease. However, practitioners may be unaware of these advances and it is probable that many patients, especially adults, have yet to receive molecular testing for DNAJC12. Hence, this review summarizes genotype–phenotype relationships and treatment paradigms for patients with pathogenic variants in DNAJC12. It provides an overview of the structure of DNAJC12 protein, known genetic variants, domains, and binding partners, and elaborates on its role in monoamine synthesis, disease etiology, and pathogenesis. © 2023 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Whole exome sequencing reveals novel candidate variants for endometriosis utilizing multiple affected members in a single family
Authors: Kina Busra Gizem , Topbas Selcuki Nura Fitnat , Bahat Pinar Yalcin , Usta Taner , Aydin Sevcan , Rahmioglu Nilufer , Tuncer Feyza Nur , Oral Engin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundEndometriosis is an estrogen‐dependent, chronic inflammatory disease that affects 10% of women during the reproductive ages. Despite the estimated 50% heritability for the condition, only 26% was associated with common genetic variants. Thus, necessity of identifying rare variants for the missing heritability is implicated in the literature. Therefore, our study aimed to identify novel rare genetic variants involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis utilizing a family of multiple affected members.MethodsA family composed of four affected women along with their two unaffected mothers were recruited at a single gynecology and infertility clinic specialized in endometriosis. All patients presented with endometriomas, which was visualized by transvaginal ultrasonography. Two affected individuals had received laparoscopic endometrioma excision and therefore were diagnosed with recurrent disease. One mother had a history of endometrial serous adenocarcinoma (ESC) for which she underwent hysterectomy with bilateral oophorectomy. Three endometriosis cases were whole exome sequenced on Illumina NextSeq 550 platform with an average of 90% coverage. Candidate genes were confirmed by Sanger sequencing and followed‐up with family segregation.ResultsNovel rare variants were identified in TNFRSF1B (NM_001066.3: c.1072G>A, p.(Ala358Thr)) and GEN1 (NM_001130009.3: c.1574C>T, p.(Ser525Leu)) as possible genetic causes of endometriosis. A third novel rare variant was identified in CRABP1 (NM_004378.3:c.54G>C, p.(Glu18Asp)) only on the mother with ESC history and her daughters.ConclusionNovel candidate genetic variants that might contribute to endometriosis were suggested that need replication through independent cohorts or validation by functional studies. The family has also received genetic counseling and that the affected daughters are on clinical follow‐up, accordingly.
The three‐dimensional community structure of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) traits captured by the Adult ADHD Self‐Report Scale: An exploratory graph analysis
Authors: Panagiotidi Maria , Zavlis Orestis , Jones Myles , Stafford Tom 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo employ a novel analytic method—namely, exploratory graph analysis (EGA)—to subclinical attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) trait scores in order to reveal their dimensional structure, as well as compare EGA's performance with traditional factor‐analytic techniques in doing so.Method1149 respondents from a survey panel completed the ASRS, a common ADHD scale made up of 18 distinct trait measures. EGA and factor analysis were applied to identify traits which associate with each other.ResultsEGA revealed 3 distinct communities, and ruled out a 2‐community structure. This was in contrast to the 2‐factor structure suggested by the factor analysis, and the conventional division of ADHD into two subdimensions (hyperactivity and inattention).ConclusionA dimensional structure of three clusters (hyperactivity, impulsivity and inattention) may better reflect the traits underlying ADHD. EGA has benefits in terms of both analytic approach and interpretability of findings.
Sounding the alarm: Occurrences of fraud in nonprofit community sport organizations
Authors: Misener Katie E. , Kihl Lisa A. , Wicker Pamela , Cuskelly Graham 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study examines the prevalence of fraud occurrences in community sport organizations (CSOs) and compares the organizational characteristics of CSOs that have and have not experienced fraud. The empirical analysis relies on online survey data gathered in Canada, the United States, Australia, and Germany (n = 1256). Respondents were asked if organizational fraud had occurred in their CSO in the last ten years. In the full sample, 12.2% of organizations had experienced some type of fraud. The results showed occurrences of fraud were significantly higher among organizations that support the local community, have a high annual budget, possess grant income, and perform large and complex financial transactions and among those who lacked policies for handling assets and cash. In contrast, occurrences of fraud were significantly lower in organizations with a relatively small annual budget, a plan for the education and professional development of board members, and at least two individuals handling cash or checks. The analyses of geographic subsamples not only partially echoes the results for the full sample, but also shows further significant differences. The findings reveal that fraud occurrence across subsamples does not follow a clear pattern, demonstrating that prevention measures should be tailored based on geographic and organizational context.