bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular characterization of the amplified carboxylesterase gene associated with organophosphorus insecticide resistance in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens
Authors: Small Graham J. , Hemingway Janet 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWidespread resistance to organophosphorus insecticides (OPs) in Nilaparvata lugens is associated with elevation of carboxylesterase activity. A cDNA encoding a carboxylesterase, Nl‐EST1, has been isolated from an OP‐resistant Sri Lankan strain of N. lugens. The full‐length cDNA codes for a 547‐amino acid protein with high homology to other esterases/lipases. Nl‐EST1 has an N‐terminal hydrophobic signal peptide sequence of 24 amino acids which suggests that the mature protein is secreted from cells expressing it. The nucleotide sequence of the homologue of Nl‐EST1 in an OP‐susceptible, low esterase Sri Lankan strain of N. lugens is identical to Nl‐EST1. Southern analysis of genomic DNA from the Sri Lankan OP‐resistant and susceptible strains suggests that Nl‐EST1 is amplified in the resistant strain. Therefore, resistance to OPs in the Sri Lankan strain is through amplification of a gene identical to that found in the susceptible strain.
cDNA cloning and transcript distribution of two different neuroparsin precursors in the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria
Authors: Janssen T. , Claeys I. , Simonet G. , De Loof A. , Girardie J. , Broeck J. Vanden 
Published: March 2003

AbstractNeuroparsins were originally identified in locust corpus cardiacum extracts as folliculostatic or ‘antigonadotropic’ neuropeptides. This paper presents the cloning of two different neuroparsin precursor cDNAs from the brain of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria. The first transcript encodes the precursor (Scg‐NPP1) of S. gregaria neuroparsin A and B, whereas the second codes for a novel neuroparsin‐related peptide precursor (Scg‐NPP2). Both precursors display significant sequence similarities with each other and with the Locusta migratoria neuroparsin (Lom‐NPP) and Aedes aegypti ovary ecdysteroidogenic hormone (Aea‐OEH1) precursors. Northern blot analysis revealed that these neuroparsin transcripts are present in larval and adult locust brains. Interestingly, the Scg‐NPP2 mRNA content proved to be strongly regulated during the reproductive cycle in both adult males and females.
Genetic structure of a greenhouse population of the spider miteTetranychus urticae: spatio‐temporal analysis with microsatellite markers
Authors: Navajas M. , Perrot‐Minnot M. J. , Lagnel J. , Migeon A. , Bourse T. , Cornuet J. M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe genetic structure of a greenhouse population of the miteTetranychus urticaewas studied by the analysis of five microsatellite loci. Genetic variation was compared during a crop season between periods of population foundation and rapid population increase and was investigated in two consecutive years. The population displayed significant heterozygote deficiency at all the sampling periods. However, inbreeding tended to decrease with increasing density (FIScoefficient between 0.13 and 0.25). No significant genetic differentiation between samples was found either at a spatial scale within the greenhouse or at a temporal scale between two growing seasons (FSTbetween 0.008 and 0.09). Estimations of the genetic relatedness between pairs of individuals indicated that the distances between pairs of sisters and unrelated mites in the greenhouse were not significantly different, suggesting that mites do not tend to form patches that reside close to the point of birth.
Isolation and molecular characterization of Musca domestica delta‐9 desaturase sequences
Authors: Eigenheer A. L. , Young S. , Blomquist G. J. , Borgeson C. E. , Tillman J. A. , Tittiger C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe have isolated fatty acyl‐CoA desaturase cDNA (Mdomd9) and genomic sequences from the housefly, Musca domestica. Two ∼1.66 kb cDNAs were recovered. They had identical coding regions and 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs), but differed in their 5′ UTRs. The open reading frame encodes a 380 amino acid (aa) protein with 82% identity to Drosophila melanogaster desat1, and significant (> 50%) identity with other insect delta‐9 desaturases. Functional analyses in a yeast expression system confirmed the cDNA encodes a Δ9 desaturase. Northern analysis indicated two transcripts of 1.7 and 2.9 kb that hybridized specifically to the open reading frame. PCR amplification of genomic templates revealed three intron sites that are conserved among other insect species. Southern analysis of genomic DNA indicated at least two desaturase gene copies per haploid genome. There is a high degree of polymorphism, most of which appears to be due to variable intron sequences; curiously, individual flies had varying morphs of intron II and intron III. Together, the data suggest that there are more Δ9 desaturase alleles within the population studied than there are loci within the genome, and support other studies suggesting that insect fatty acyl‐CoA desaturases are a dynamically evolving gene family.
Obturation of root canals with different sealers using non‐instrumentation technology
Authors: Lussi A. , Imwinkelried S. , Stich H. 
Published: March 2003

Aim To evaluate and compare the. sealing quality of hand‐ or vacuum‐obturated root canals after hand preparation or hydrodynamic cleansing of root canals, respectively.Methodology After assessing root curvature, 96 single‐rooted deep‐frozen teeth were divided into eight comparable groups. The root canals of four groups were instrumented with the balanced force technique. The remaining uninstrumented teeth were connected to a reduced‐pressure device (NIT) and the root‐canal system perfused with 2.5% NaOCl under alternating pressure fields. This dissolved the pulpal tissues and removed debris from the root‐canal system. The canals of the hand‐instrumented groups were obturated using the cold lateral condensation method with gutta‐percha and one of four different sealers (AH26, AH Plus, Apexit and Pulp Canal Sealer EWT). The teeth treated with the alternating pressure device (NIT) were obturated by a vacuum obturation method (NIT) with the same four sealers. The quality of the coronal seal was assessed using a dye penetration method. In order to minimize errors the roots were perfused with water before exposure to the dye, under vacuum. The teeth were then rendered transparent and the depth of penetration of the dye between the wall of the canal and the obturating material was measured with a stereomicroscope.Results The canals cleaned and filled by NIT showed statistically significantly less dye penetration than those obturated by lateral condensation (P>0.05). Within the NIT group, Pulp Canal Sealer EWT exhibited significantly more dye penetration than Apexit. Amongst the control lateral condensation groups no significant differences were found between the various sealers.Conclusions The present investigation demonstrated the validity of the NIT obturation method in combination with commonly used root‐canal sealers.
Response of periradicular tissues to growth factors introduced into the surgical site in the root‐end filling material
Authors: Regan J. D. , Gutmann J. L. , Iacopino A. M. , Diekwisch T. 
Published: March 2003

Aim The objective of this study was to evaluate the healing of the periradicular tissues when exogenous growth factors were delivered to the respected root‐end. The healing response was compared with that when Diaket was used as a control.Methodology Non‐surgical root canal treatment was performed on mandibular teeth in mongrel dogs. Surgical treatment followed and included root‐end resection and root‐end cavity preparation. Insulin‐like growth factor in combination with platelet‐derived growth factor, or fibroblast growth factor alone, were then placed in the root‐end preparations on a polylactic acid carrier (Atrisorb) with or without the incorporation of the carrier tetracalcium phosphate. The healingwas evaluated at 60 days with regard to presence of inflammatory response, bone regeneration, periodontal ligament formation and cementum formation.Results Osseous regeneration in the excisional would and periodontal formation were significantly greater when Diaket was used as the root‐end filling material. Likewise, cementum deposition occurred significantly more frequently in the Diaket group (P0.05). The polylactic carrier Atrisorb remained in the surgical sites for the duration of the study.Conclusions The use of specific growth factors, FGF and a combination of IGF/PDGF, delivered to the prepared root end in a collagen carrier did not initiate the desired periradicular tissue response of regeneration. Diaket, as used in this study, did stimulate a periradicular tissue response compatible with regeneration.
Effectiveness of 1 mol L−1 citric acid and 15% EDTA irrigation on smear layer removal
Authors: Di Lenarda R. , Cadenaro M. , Sbaizero O. 
Published: March 2003

Di Lenarda R, Cadenaro M, Sbaizero O. Effectiveness of 1 mol L− 1 citric acid and 15% EDTA irrigation on smear layer removal. International Endodontic Journal, 33, 46–52, 2000.Aim  The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the cleansing and smear layer removal capability of alternate canal irrigation with citric acid and NaOCl.Methodology Eighty‐one teeth were divided into three groups on the basis of the type of instrumentation, namely, manual stainless steel, Ni‐Ti mechanized ProFile .04 taper or MACXim. The groups were further divided on the basis of irrigation protocol: 5% NaOCl alone, NaOCl alternated with 1 mol L−1 citric acid solution or a combination of 15% EDTA and Cetrimide solution. After longitudinal sectioning, dentinal walls were microphotographed with scanning electron microscopy at ×300 and ×1000 magnifications. Qualitative and quantitative cleansing level evaluations were performed using computerized image analysis software. Data were statistically evaluated using Kruskal–Wallis analysis and t‐test.Results  Qualitative evaluation at ×300 and ×1000 showed no statistically significant differences in cleansing ability between citric acid, EDTA and NaOCl groups. Quantitative evaluation of smear layer removal, measured as open tubules/total dentinal surface ratio, showed that 1 mol L−1 citric acid solution was comparable to EDTA (11.97% vs. 10.36%) (NS); in samples treated with ProFile .04 taper instruments citric acid was most effective (16.17%), whilst in the group treated with manual instrumentation EDTA and Cetrimide were the most effective (11.94%). Specimens irrigated with 5% NaOCl demonstrated significantly more cleansing than those obtained in the other two groups (P <0.001).Conclusions  1 mol L−1 citric acid solution was as effective in removing smear layer as EDTA, but was superior in specimens treated with ProFile .04 taper instruments.
Cleaning efficacy of a new root canal irrigation solution: a preliminary evaluation
Authors: Marais J. T. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAimA new product, electro‐chemically activated water, was compared to NaOCl for its cleaning effect on root canal walls.MethodologyRoot canal treatment was carried out on two groups of extracted teeth with one of the irrigants being used in each group. The control group received no treatment. All teeth were split and the canal walls viewed in a scanning electron microscope.ResultsThe canal walls of the control group were covered by debris and bacteria. Sodium hypochlorite produced clean surfaces with the dentinal tubules open in some areas and occluded by the smear layer in other areas; in some areas bacteria were visible inside or under the smear layer. Electro‐chemically activated water produced markedly cleaner surfaces, removing the smear layer in large areas.ConclusionsThe cleaning efficacy of electro‐chemically activated water in root canals was considered to be superior to NaOCl.
Dimensional variability of nonstandardized greater taper finger spreaders with matching gutta‐percha points
Authors: Briseño Marroquín B. , Wolter D. , Willershausen‐Zönnchen B. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAimThe purpose of this research was to determine the compatibility and dimensional variability between nonstandardized gutta‐percha points and matching finger spreaders.MethodologyThe diameters of nonstandardized gutta‐percha points (n = 15) and matching finger spreaders (n = 15) from different manufacturers (Kerr, Dentsply Maillefer, Vereignigte Dentalwerke and Roeko) were determined and statistically analysed using a profile projector under a magnification of 50 × (±0.002 mm).ResultsThe dimensions of the finger spreaders and gutta‐percha cones were inconsistent. Of the 29 groups of nonstandardized gutta‐percha cones evaluated, 22 had standard deviations larger than 0.020 at D1. The standard deviations at D11 were greater than at D1, with the exception of those manufactured by Roeko. Overall, nonstandardized gutta‐percha cones made by VDW had the greatest dimensional consistency within each size group; the largest variations were seen in the Dentsply Maillefer gutta‐percha points. The 13 sizes of nonstandardized finger spreaders were more consistent.ConclusionsThe results of this study show that corresponding sizes of nonstandardized finger spreaders and gutta‐percha cones have statistically significant differences. There were large dimensional variations within sizes and discrepancies between the nominal size and actual size. Thus, these discrepancies may cause problems during root canal filling.
Influence of rotational speed, torque and operator’s proficiency on ProFile failures
Authors: Yared G. M. , Bou Dagher F. E. , Machtou P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of rotational speed, torque, and operator experience with a specific Ni–Ti rotary instrumentation technique on the incidence of locking, deformation and separation of instruments.MethodologyProFile Ni–Ti rotary instruments (PRI) sizes 40–15 with a 6% taper were used in a crown‐down technique. In one group of canals (n = 300) speeds of 150, 250 and 350 rpm (subgroups 1, 2 and 3) were used. Each one of the subgroups included 100 canals. In a second group (n = 300) torque was set at 20, 30 and 55 Ncm (subgroups 4, 5 and 6). In the third group (n = 300) three operators with varying experience (subgroups 7, 8 and 9) were also compared. Each subgroup included the use of 10 sets of PRI and 100 canals of extracted human molars. Each set of PRI was used in up to 10 canals and then sterilized before each case. NaOCl 2.5% was used as an irrigant. The number of locked, deformed, and separated instruments for the different groups, and within each part of the study was analysed statistically for significance with chi‐squared tests.ResultsIn group 1 only one instrument was deformed in the 150‐rpm group and no instruments separated or locked. In the 250‐rpm group instrument separation did not occur, however, a high incidence of locking, deformation and separation was noted in the 350‐rpm group. In general, instrument sizes 30–15 locked, deformed and separated. Chi‐squared statistics showed a significant difference between the 150 and 350 rpm groups but no difference between the 150 and 250 rpm groups with regard to instrument separation. Overall, there was a trend toward a higher incidence of instrument deformation and separation in smaller instruments. Locking and separation occurred during the final passage of the instruments, in the last (tenth) canal in each subgroup. In the second group, neither separation nor deformation and locking occurred during the use of the ProFile instruments, at 150 rpm, and at the different torque values. In the third group, chi‐squared analysis demonstrated that significantly more instruments separated with the least experienced operator. Instrument locking, deformation, and separation did not occur with the most experienced operator.ConclusionsPreclinical training in the use of the PRI technique with crown‐down at 150 rpm were crucial in avoiding instrument separation and reducing the incidence of instrument locking and deformation.
Radiographic evaluation of the prevalence and technical quality of root canal treatment in a French subpopulation
Authors: Boucher Y. , Matossian L. , Rilliard F. , Machtou P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAim This study was undertaken to examine the prevalence and technical quality of root fillings and the periapical status of endodontically treated teeth in a French subpopulation.Methodology Full‐mouth periapical radiographs were obtained from 208 consecutive adult patients seeking care within the dental service provided by the Hôtel‐Dieu in Paris. The occurrence and technical quality of root fillings were assessed for each root according to the position and the density of the obturation. The periapical status was evaluated using the Periapical Index Scoring System. The type of coronal restoration and the presence of posts were also noted.Results Of the 8743 roots included in the survey, 23% were root‐filled. An acceptable standard of treatment was found in 21% of roots with 16% of these cases associated with signs of periapical disease. In roots with unacceptable root‐fillings, 27% had periapical pathology. A post was seen in 26% of the root‐filled canals, with 29% of these cases associated with periapical pathology. An intracoronal restoration existed in 30% of the filled roots, of which 22% exhibited a periapical lesion. An extra‐coronal restoration was present in 60% of the filled roots, of which 24% had radiographic signs of periapical pathology. The remaining 10% of filled roots that had no coronal restoration were associated with periapical pathology in 33% of cases. At least one periapical lesion was seen in 63% of the patients.Conclusion The results demonstrate a high prevalence of root‐filled teeth and poor technical quality of treatment. Roots presenting with acceptable root fillings were associated with a lower prevalence of periapical pathology (P < 0.001). Posts in roots were associated with periapical pathology significantly more than in roots without posts (P < 0.001).
Direct amplification of rRNA gene sequences for identification of selected oral pathogens in root canal infections
Authors: Siqueira J. F. , Rôças I. N. , Moraes S. R. , Santos K. R. N. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAim The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of selected oral pathogens in root canal infections and their relationship with symptoms using a highly sensitive technique, the polymerase chain reaction.Methodology Samples were obtained from 91 infected teeth associated with periradicular lesions, including cases of acute periradicular abscesses. DNA was extracted from the samples and analysed for the presence of target microbial species using a PCR‐based identification assay.Results All samples were positive for the presence of bacteria. Streptococcus anginosus group was detected in 16.7%, Fusobacterium nucleatum in 14.3%, and Bacteroides forsythus in 7.1% of the abscess samples. No pus sample yielded Actinomyces israelii, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans or fungal species. In general, B. forsythus was found in 20% of the cases (16 of 80), S. anginosus in 12% (6 of 50), F. nucleatum in 10% (6 of 60) and A. israelii in 5% (two of 40). A. actinomycetemcomitans was not detected in any case. Fungi were present in only one of 50 cases (2%). There was no correlation between the species and symptoms.Conclusions Direct molecular approaches appear to be a valuable tool for the rapid and reliable diagnosis of infectious diseases, as well as for research purposes. There was no correlation between target microbial species and symptoms.
Immunohistochemical expression of monoclonal antibody 43‐9F in testicular germ cell tumours
Authors: HEIDENREICH  , SESTERHENN  , MOSTOFI  , MOUL  
Published: March 2003

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical utility of immunohistochemical staining of human testicular germ cell tumours with the monoclonal antibody 43‐9F to distinguish embryonal carcinoma (EC) from other malignant germ cell components in order to facilitate pathohistological assessment of prognostic risk factors for metastatic disease in clinical stage I NSGCT. Archival, formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue blocks of 24 classical seminomas, 7 spermatocytic seminomas, and 20 non‐seminomatous germ cell tumours were stained for 43‐9F, AFP, hCG and PLAP expression. Immunohistochemical expression was graded using a semi‐quantitative scoring system: 1+=0–25%, 2+=26–50%, 3+=51–75% and 4+=76–100%.Positive immunohistochemical staining for 43‐9F was found in all embryonal carcinomas and yolk sac tumours (YST); staining intensity was not statistically different between the two tumours (3.8 ± 1.2 vs. 3.1 ± 0.9). Classical seminomas and seminomatous components of NSGCT stained positive in 13/24 cases (54%); staining intensity was weak to moderate (1.1 ± 0.7) in all but two cases (4+). Spermatocytic seminomas demonstrated weak positive immunostaining in 2/7 cases (29%). Adjacent CIS was found in 33/54 (61.1%) of tumours and 24/33 (72.7%) of CIS cells exhibited a weak to moderate staining intensity (1.4 ± 0.7). AFP expression was found in 93% of YST and in only 10% of EC; however, based on the focal staining pattern, adequate differentiation of YST and EC was not possible. Positive PLAP staining was observed in 75% of EC, 79% of seminomas and in 88% of CIS cells. We did not find 43‐9F staining clinically useful to distinguish embryonal carcinoma from other germ cell tumour components such as yolk sac tumour. The detection rate of CIS by 43‐9F immunohistochemical staining was low and combination of PLAP staining with light microscopy was even superior. Additionally, our study confirms the link between pre‐invasive CIS and embryonal carcinoma and suggests the possible direct development of embryonal carcinoma from CIS.
Clinical characteristics of prostate cancer in Gunma Prefecture
Authors: Kurokawa  , Fukabori  , Ito  , Suzuki  , Nakata  , Suzuki  , Imai  , Suzuki  , Namiki  , Yamanaka  
Published: March 2003

Prostate cancer clinical data from patients registered at Gunma University Urologic Oncology Study Group were compared between pre‐PSA and PSA eras, dividing them between those patients diagnosed at clinical practice and those diagnosed on the Gunma mass‐screening programme.In the MS, the number of incidents of prostate cancer increased from 126 out of 16750 screened cases in the pre‐PSA era (0.75%) to 227 out of 19782 screened cases in the PSA era (1.15%). The average age was lower in the PSA era. As for clinical stage, stage B and C cases increased while stage D cases decreased.For the clinical practice cases at the Gunma University Urologic Oncology Study Group, the number of registered incidents of prostate cancer increased from 1164 in the pre‐PSA era to 2098 in the PSA era. The average age was similar between the pre‐PSA and PSA eras. The percentage of cases who were stage D declined from 46.1 during the pre‐PSA era to 37.7 in the PSA era.In the PSA era, earlier and more cases of prostate cancer are diagnosed both in clinical practice and in the mass screening program in Gunma Prefecture.
The use of response surface methodology to optimize the Maillard reaction to produce melanoidins with high antioxidative and antimutagenic activities
Authors: Lee Gee‐Dong , Kwon Joong‐Ho 
Published: March 2003

Response surface methodology was applied to determine the optimum conditions for the Maillard reaction so that high levels of antioxidative and antimutagenic substances could be produced from defatted soybean and corn starch hydrolysates. The optimum reaction conditions predicted to produce the greatest levels of active antioxidative and antimutagenic melanoidins were 155.0 °C for 6.3 h at a pH of 12.1 and 155.5–160.4 °C for 4.60–9.70 h at pH 10.4–12.5 respectively. The range of optimum reaction conditions to maximize melanoidin production were 148–170 °C for 3.0–7.5 h at pH values between 10.2 and 13.5. These predicted values for optimum reaction conditions were in good agreement with experimental values.