bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dissociation between the level of von Willebrand factor‐cleaving protease activity and disease in a patient with congenital thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Snider Carolyn E. , Moore Jane C. , Warkentin Theodore E. , Finch Clara N. , Hayward Catherine P.M. , Kelton John G. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractDecreased von Willebrand factor (VWF)‐cleaving protease activity (<5%) has been implicated in patients with congenital thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura–hemolytic uremic syndrome (Upshaw‐Schulman syndrome) and associated with mutations within the ADAMTS13 gene. In this report, we describe longitudinal studies in a patient with congenital TTP who ultimately developed end‐stage renal failure and required plasma therapy from infancy. The patient was deficient in plasma high molecular weight (HMW)‐VWF multimers during acute disease but had increased amounts of the HMW‐VWF multimers during periods of remission. DNA analysis of this patient detected homozygosity for the R692C mutation on exon 17 of the ADAMTS13 gene, previously linked to congenital TTP. The level of VWF‐cleaving protease activity in the patient was remarkably low (<5%) throughout her disease, even after she entered complete remission. However, despite no improvement in the level of VWF‐cleaving protease activity, this patient had complete resolution of disease following splenectomy and commencing hemodialysis, without need for ongoing plasma therapy. The patient has remained in remission for over 4 years. These observations suggest that there are other factors in conjunction with severe deficiency of VWF protease activity that participate in the platelet‐mediated thrombotic complications and other disease manifestations of congenital TTP. In addition, it is possible that splenectomy could be an effective treatment option for some patients with severe, congenital TTP. Am. J. Hematol. 77:387–390, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chemical and physical characteristics of cellulose insulation particulates, and evaluation of potential acute pulmonary toxicity
Authors: Morgan Daniel L. , Su Yin‐Fong , Dill Jeffrey A. , Turnier John C. , Westerberg R. Bruce , Smith Cynthia S. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBackgroundDuring installation of cellulose insulation (CI) in new and older houses, significant quantities of airborne material are generated. This study characterized the chemical and physical properties, and potential acute pulmonary toxicity of CI.MethodsCI from four manufacturers was analyzed for inorganic additives and trace element impurities. Aerosols were generated and size fractionated. The number and size of fibrous and nonfibrous particles in the respirable fractions were determined. Respirable CI particulates were intratracheally instilled in rats (5 mg/kg) to evaluate potential pulmonary toxicity.ResultsCI samples were similar in composition with small differences due primarily to fire retardants. Less than 0.1% of CI was respirable and contained few fibers. Acute exposure to CI caused transient inflammation in the lungs and increased 4‐hydroxyproline. Microscopic evaluation revealed a minimal to mild, non‐progressing granulomatous pneumonitis.ConclusionsLow concentrations of respirable particles were found in CI aerosols. Particles consisted primarily of fire retardants with few fibers, and caused mild pulmonary toxicity in rats. Am. J. Ind. Med. 46:554–569, 2004. Published 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Getting an embryo into shape
Authors: Maurus Daniel , Kühl Michael 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFormation of a multicellular organism is a complex process involving differentiation and morphogenesis. During early vertebrate development, the radial symmetric organization of the egg is transferred into a bilateral symmetric organism with three distinct body axes: anteroposterior (AP), dorsoventral, and left–right. Due to cellular movements and proliferation, the body elongates along the AP axis. How are these processes coupled? Two recent publications now indicate that cell migration as well as orientated cell divisions contribute to axis elongation. The processes are coupled through the planar cell polarity pathway.1 At the same time, the AP axis is patterned independently of convergent extension. This process, however, is required for cell migration and represents a cue for polarized cell motility during gastrulation. Thus, it is AP polarity that instructs individual cells how to orientate with respect to the embryonic axis and provides positional information for the process of convergent extension.2 BioEssays 26:1272–1275, 2004. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
From a Theoretical Concept to Biochemical Reactions: Strain‐Induced Bond Localization (SIBL) in Oxidation of Vitamin E
Authors: Rosenau Thomas , Ebner Gerald , Stanger Amnon , Perl Sharon , Nuri Limor 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe regioselectivity of the oxidation of α‐tocopherol (the main component of vitamin E) to an ortho‐quinone methide (oQM) has been explained in the literature mostly by the ill‐defined term “Mills–Nixon effect”. In this paper we describe the preparation of eleven α‐tocopherol derivatives, different from each other by the sum of annulation angles, but keeping the electronic factors unchanged. These compounds underwent Ag2O oxidation, forming two isomeric oQMs that were trapped by vinylmethyl ether. It was found that the isomeric product ratio changes smoothly as a function of the annulation angles, not abruptly from one regioisomer to the other on going from five‐ to six‐ and seven‐membered rings, as predicted by the Mills–Nixon effect. The relative amounts of the products were determined at four different temperatures, and assuming that the product ratio represents the relative rates ratio, the relative enthalpy of activations could be obtained. Theoretically (at B3LYP/6‐31G* theoretical level) four different intermediates were considered. Each of these underwent angular angles deformations to model the two regioisomers. At each deformation angle the energy difference between the two intermediates models was correlated to the experimental data for each of the four intermediates. It was found that the angle‐deformed lithium (6‐methyl‐2‐benzylium)phenolate correlated best (R>0.994) to the experimental data. This study confirms that the regioselectivity of the two isomeric oQMs in the oxidation of α‐tocopherol and related compounds is simply a function of angular strain, best explained by the SIBL (strain‐induced bond localization) model. In addition, this study provides evidence that the highest energy intermediate in the oxidation of vitamin E is a phenolate–benzyl cation.
Molecular Recognition and Crystal Energy Landscapes: An X‐ray and Computational Study of Caffeine and Other Methylxanthines
Authors: Carlucci Lucia , Gavezzotti Angelo 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe introduce a new approach to crystal‐packing analysis, based on the study of mutual recognition modes of entire molecules or of molecular moieties, rather than a search for selected atom–atom contacts, and on the study of crystal energy landscapes over many computer‐generated polymorphs, rather than a quest for the one most stable crystal structure. The computational tools for this task are a polymorph generator and the PIXEL density sums method for the calculation of intermolecular energies. From this perspective, the molecular recognition, crystal packing, and solid‐state phase behavior of caffeine and several methylxanthines (purine‐2,6‐diones) have been analyzed. Many possible crystal structures for anhydrous caffeine have been generated by computer simulation, and the most stable among them is a thermodynamic, ordered equivalent of the disordered phase, revealed by powder X‐ray crystallography. Molecular recognition energies between two caffeine molecules or between caffeine and water have been calculated, and the results reveal the largely predominant mode to be the stacking of parallel caffeine molecules, an intermediately favorable caffeine–water interaction, and many other equivalent energy minima for lateral interactions of much less stabilization power. This last indetermination helps to explain why caffeine does not crystallize easily into an ordered anhydrous structure. In contrast, the mono‐ and dimethylxanthines (theophylline, theobromine, and the 1,7‐isomer, for which we present a single‐crystal X‐ray study and a lattice energy landscape) do crystallize in anhydrous form thanks to the formation of lateral hydrogen bonds.
Hierarchical Self‐Assembly of Supramolecular Spintronic Modules into 1D‐ and 2D‐Architectures with Emergence of Magnetic Properties
Authors: Ruben Mario , Ziener Ulrich , Lehn Jean‐Marie , Ksenofontov Vadim , Gütlich Philipp , Vaughan Gavin B. M. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractHierarchical self‐assembly of complex supramolecular architectures allows for the emergence of novel properties at each level of complexity. The reaction of the ligand components A and B with FeII cations generates the [2×2] grid‐type functional building modules 1 and 2, presenting spin‐transition properties and preorganizing an array of coordination sites that sets the stage for a second assembly step. Indeed, binding of LaIII ions to 1 and of AgI ions to 2 leads to a 1D columnar superstructure 3 and to a wall‐like 2D layer 4, respectively, with concomitant modulation of the magnetic properties of 1 and 2. Thus, to each of the two levels of structural complexity generated by the two sequential self‐assembly steps corresponds the emergence of novel functional features.
Enhancement Effect of Illumination on the Photoluminescence of Water‐Soluble CdTe Nanocrystals: Toward Highly Fluorescent CdTe/CdS Core—Shell Structure.
Authors: Bao Haobo , Gong Yanjun , Li Zhen , Gao Mingyuan 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Simple Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Ketenimines Derived from N‐Aryl‐2,2,2‐trichloroacetamides, Alkyl Isocyanides and Dialkyl Acetylenedicarboxylates.
Authors: Yavari Issa , Djahaniani Hoorieh , Nasiri Farough 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Convergent Synthesis of cis‐α,β‐Epoxy‐carboxylic Acids from 1‐Halo‐2‐trimethylsilyloxy‐3‐aza‐4‐phenyl‐1,3‐butadiene.
Authors: Panunzio Mauro , Bongini Alessandro , Monari Magda , Tamanini Emiliano , Bandini Elisa 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Facile Synthesis of Thiazole‐2(3H)‐thiones Through [Hydroxy(tosyloxy)iodo]benzene.
Authors: Aggarwal Ranjana , Pundeer Rashmi , Kumar Vinod , Chaudhri Vishwas , Singh Shiv P. , Prakash Om 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Fascaplysin‐Based CDK4‐Specific Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis and Biological Activity.
Authors: Aubry Carine , Jenkins Paul R. , Mahale Sachin , Chaudhuri Bhabatosh , Marechal Jean‐Didier , Sutcliffe Michael J. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Electrodeposition of Metal Nanostructures by Galvanic Displacement Powered with Insoluble Crystals of a Ferrocene Derivative
Authors: Dryfe Robert A. W. , Walter Erich C. , Penner Reginald M. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe deposition of metal nanostructures (wires and particles) on a graphite surface from an aqueous electrolyte solution was induced by galvanic displacement, via the oxidation of insoluble crystals of a ferrocene derivative (eithern‐butyl ferrocene or decamethyl ferrocene) present on the same substrate. Micron‐to‐millimetre‐scale crystallites of decamethyl ferrocene were deposited on the graphite surface by evaporation from a solution of a nonpolar solvent (1,2‐dichloroethane). Immersion of this modified surface into a dilute solution of a metal ion (e.g., CuII, AgI, PdII, PtIIand others) caused the deposition of metal nanoparticles at step edges present on the graphite surface. The reducing equivalents required for the metal deposition process are provided by oxidation of the ferrocene derivative on the surface, as directly evidenced by elemental analysis and chronoamperometric experimental data presented here.
Luminescence Quantum Yield Determination for Molecules Adsorbed onto Solid Powdered Particles
Authors: Vieira Ferreira Luis F. , Branco Tiago J. F. , Botelho do Rego Ana M. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA new methodology for the determination of the fluorescence quantum yield of dyes adsorbed onto microcrystalline cellulose is presented and applied to rhodamine 101, cresyl violet and auramine O. It is based on a previously reported method by Ruetten and Thomas (J. Phys. Chem., 1998, 102, 598–606), which is not applicable to the dyes used in the present study. It uses ground‐state diffuse reflectance spectra obtained with and without filters, which prevents the luminescence of the dye from reaching the integrating sphere and the photodetector.New equations are presented here, correcting for the fluorescence emission of the dye, which depends on the detector sensitivity. Cut‐on filters, which have a transmittance close to unity in the absorption region, and close to zero in the emission region, of the dye are used to obtain corrected reflectance spectra. The influence of the substrate was also taken into account.This methodology may be applied to other probes and surfaces or emissions of a different nature (i.e., phosphorescence or delayed fluorescence), and constitutes a very simple and general procedure to solve the important problem of luminescence quantum yield determination of probes adsorbed onto solid powdered surfaces.
Influence on the Formation of Aragonite or Vaterite by Otolith Macromolecules
Authors: Falini Giuseppe , Fermani Simona , Vanzo Silvia , Miletic Marin , Zaffino Giulia 
Published: November 2004

AbstractCalcium carbonate polymorphism is one of the most challenging problems in biomineralization. Calcium carbonate exists in three crystalline forms: calcite, aragonite and vaterite. Otoliths of teleost fishes are made of vaterite and aragonite, located in different sacs and never mixed together. This paper presents a biochemical characterization of the intracrystalline macromolecules associated to the vateritic and aragonitic phases of otoliths. Experimental evidences from calcium carbonate overgrowth on the surface of otoliths and in vitro crystallization on the chitin‐silk fibroin assembly organic matrix suggest that the intracrystalline macromolecules associated to the otolith influence the aragonite−vaterite polymorphism. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Synthesis and Characterisation of Novel Complexes Containing Group 15 Elements and Their Potential Use as Molecular Precursors for the Formation of Transition Metal Pnictides
Authors: Scheer Manfred , Vogel Ulf , Becker Uta , Balazs Gabor , Scheer Petra , Hönle Wolfgang , Becker Michael , Jansen Martin 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe reaction of [{W(CO)5}2PCl] with K[Co(CO)4] yields the novel compounds [{W(CO)4Co2(CO)6}{µ3‐PW(CO)5}2] (3) and [{(CO)4WCo3(CO)6}{µ3‐PW(CO)5}3] (4) along with known derivatives [Co2(CO)6{μ,η2‐PW(CO)5}2] (1) and [Co3(CO)9{μ3‐PW(CO)5}] (2). The complex [{W2(CO)8(μ‐CO)}{μ,η2:η1:η1‐PW(CO)5}2)] (5) was synthesised by treating Na2[W2(CO)10] with PBr3. Reaction of K[Mn(CO)5] with SbCl3affords [Sb{Mn(CO)5}3] (6) in high yields. The spectroscopic and structural characterisation of the novel products is discussed, as well as the thermolytic behaviour of2,3and6for the potential formation of novel phases of transition metal pnictides. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Hazard analysis and critical control point of frying – safety assurance of fried foods
Authors: Vorria Evanthia , Giannou Virginia , Tzia Constantina 
Published: November 2004

AbstractDeep frying can pose hazards due to oil deterioration (oxidation, polymerization, hydrolysis) and harmful components formation such as trans fatty acids, highly oxidized or polymerized constituents of fatty acids and acrylamide. An analysis of safety hazards of the production of the potato chips and french fries, was carried out from potato harvesting until final products packaging according to hazard analysis and critical control point approach focusing mainly on the first three principles. Since frying is considered a critical control point, the critical limits for the frying temperature and for the potential hazards must be controlled in order to ensure fried products safety.
Tests to monitor quality of deep‐frying fats and oils
Authors: Stier Richard F. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThere are dozens of tests an oil chemist has at his disposal for evaluating fresh and used frying oils. These include chemical tests, instrumental methods, physical methods and rapid tests. Not all are applicable to use when evaluating oils used for deep‐fat frying. Rather than run the gamut of all the tests available to the oil chemist or quality control technician, this presentation will focus on the different rapid tests that have been developed for the marketplace. These include physical tests, tests that measure physical parameters of the oil, and chemical tests. Tests may be quite simple or complex. The presenter will provide an overview on the different rapid test methods, but will emphasize that it is up to the researcher or the processor to evaluate for themselves whether the technology is something that they can use in their own operations.
Structural fire design according to Eurocode 5—design rules and their background
Authors: König Jürgen 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThis paper gives a review of the design rules of EN 1995‐1‐2, the future common code of practice for the fire design of timber structures in the Member States of the EU and EFTA, and makes reference to relevant research background. Compared with the European pre‐standard ENV 1995‐1‐2, the new EN 1995‐1‐2 has undergone considerable changes. Charring is dealt with in a more systematic way and different stages of protection and charring rates are applied. For the determination of cross‐sectional strength and stiffness properties, two alternative rules are given, either by implicitly taking into account their reduction due to elevated temperature by reducing the residual cross‐section by a zero‐strength zone, or by calculating modification factors for strength and stiffness parameters. Design rules for charring and modification factors are also given for timber frame members of wall and floor assemblies with cavities filled with insulation. A modified components additive method has been included for the verification of the separating function. The design rules for connections have been systemized by introducing simple relationships between the load‐bearing capacity (mechanical resistance) and time. The code provides for advanced calculation methods for thermal and structural analysis by giving thermal and thermo‐mechanical properties for FE analyses. The code also gives some limited design rules for natural fire scenarios using parametric fire curves. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Altered expressions of HOX genes in human cutaneous malignant melanoma
Authors: Maeda Kazuhiko , Hamada Jun‐Ichi , Takahashi Yoko , Tada Mitsuhiro , Yamamoto Yuhei , Sugihara Tsuneki , Moriuchi Tetsuya 
Published: November 2004

AbstractHOX genes act as master genes to control morphogenesis. In human, HOX genes form 4 clusters composing 9 to 11 HOX genes (39 genes in total) on different chromosomes. We hypothesized that aberrant expression of HOX genes was associated with development and subsequent progression of melanoma and that the 39 HOX gene expression pattern determined the sites where melanoma grew. The expression levels of 39 HOX genes in 15 human cutaneous melanoma specimens and 7 nevus pigmentosus specimens were quantified by a comprehensive analysis system based on the real‐time RT‐PCR method. We found that the expression levels of HOXA11, A13, B9, D12 and D13 in melanoma were higher than those in nevus pigmentosus and that the expression levels of HOXA11, B2 and C13 were significantly different between pT4 melanoma and pT1 to pT3 melanoma. It was most notable that the expression levels of HOXA1, A2, C4 and B13 in melanoma with distant metastasis were higher than those in melanoma without it. On the other hand, we found no relationship between HOX genes expression patterns and the growing sites of melanoma. These results indicated that the misexpressions of some specific HOX genes were implicated in melanoma genesis and metastasis but had no linkage with melanoma sites. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alterations of cancer‐related genes in soft tissue sarcomas: Hypermethylation of RASSF1A is frequently detected in leiomyosarcoma and associated with poor prognosis in sarcoma
Authors: Seidel Claudia , Bartel Frank , Rastetter Matthias , Bluemke Karen , Wurl Peter , Taubert Helge , Dammann Reinhard 
Published: November 2004

AbstractAberrant methylation is a main mechanism of tumor suppressor gene inactivation in carcinogenesis. In this study, the methylation status of RASSF1A, p16, MLH1, MSH2 and ERα was investigated in 84 primary soft tissue sarcomas (STSs), including 22 liposarcomas, 18 malignant fibrous histiocytomas (MFHs), 18 leiomyosarcomas, 6 rhabdomyosarcomas, 6 neurogenic sarcomas and several other sarcoma entities. RASSF1A hypermethylation was detected in 17 of 84 (20%) STSs; however, methylation was more frequent in leiomyosarcomas (39%) compared to MFHs (6%; p < 0.015) and liposarcomas (18%). The p16 CpG island was methylated in 22 out of 82 (27%) cases. In 7 out of 81 (9%) STS samples, the promoter of MLH1 was methylated and in liposarcoma the methylation frequency was higher (14%). For MSH2, no hypermethylation was detected. Methylation of ERα was detected in 48 of 63 (76%) STSs, but also in 4 of 8 (50%) normal tissue samples. Furthermore, we analyzed mutational activation of K‐ras and BRAF. In 4 out of 84 (5%) of STSs, a substitution at codon 599 of BRAF was found; however, no alteration of K‐ras was detected. In an univariate Cox proportional‐hazards regression model, we found that the risk of a tumor‐related death for STS patients with methylated RASSF1A was significantly increased (RR = 2.9; p = 0.037). In summary, our data indicate that inactivation of RASSF1A is a common event in STS, especially in leiomyosarcoma. Thus, the methylation status of cancer‐related genes was distinct in different STS and methylation of RASSF1A promoter can serve as prognostic marker in STSs. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel loci controlling lymphocyte proliferative response to cytokines and their clustering with loci controlling autoimmune reactions, macrophage function and lung tumor susceptibility
Authors: Lipoldová Marie , Havelková Helena , Badalová Jana , Demant Peter 
Published: November 2004

AbstractNovel genotyping and statistical tools have led to mapping of numerous QTL loci for multigenic traits that previously could not be detected. The relationships of these QTL families to other QTL families and the functional specialization of their members can now be studied. We have mapped a number of loci controlling activation of T lymphocytes by mitogens and cytokines and their capacity to produce cytokines. In (O20xOcB‐9)F2 hybrids, we mapped 3 novel loci controlling proliferative T‐cell response to cytokines IL‐2 and IL‐4 (Cinda3) or IL‐4 only (Cinda4 and Cinda5). OcB‐9 allele at Cinda3 controls a higher response than the O20 allele to both IL‐2 and IL‐4, and OcB‐9 alleles of Cinda4 and Cinda5 control higher response to IL‐4. These novel Cinda loci and the previously mapped Cinda1 locus seem to be located in genomic regions together with other QTL families: macrophage function loci Marif1 and Marif2, proteoglycan‐induced arthritis loci Pgia4, Pgia7 and Pgia12 and lung tumor susceptibility loci Sluc1, Sluc4, Sluc6 and Sluc20. The possible relevance of these QTL associations in several different sites of the genome for the immune response, inflammation and tumorigenesis has to be elucidated. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.