bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GLC London, 1981–4
Authors: Brooke Stephen 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides a historical background to the history of London up to 1984. It concentrates, in particular, on the state of London’s economy and social structure in the 1980s and the impact of the election of the Labour GLC led by Ken Livingstone in 1981. The chapter reviews the controversies generated by the Labour GLC and the criticism it faced from the Conservative government of Margaret Thatcher and the print media. It explores how the impact of the GLC might be assessed in terms of a social democratic experiment and concludes with an account of the battle over the abolition of the GLC in 1984 which led to its demise two years later.
Lincoln Estate
Authors: Brooke Stephen 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Racial violence was a recurring and tragic motif of life in 1980s London. It was particularly intense on housing estates, where racial harassment and violence were meted out to British Asian people. This chapter looks at the violence on a particular estate, the Lincoln Estate in the East End, in 1984, as revealed in a series of studies of racial violence in the East End. The chapter uses this particular example to examine the larger question of racial violence in late twentieth-century Britain and how this highlighted problems of whiteness, policing, and state policy.
‘Seen’ through Records: Parents’ Access to Children’s Social Care Records in an Age of Increasing Datafication
Authors: Gorin Sarah , Edwards Rosalind , Gillies Val , Vannier Ducasse Hélène 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
General Data Protection Regulations state that parents may submit a Subject Access Request (SAR) to see personal records held about them. In this article, we draw on interviews with parents who have made an SAR in order to view their children’s social care records. Their experiences reveal the significant barriers of time, energy and bureaucracy that they faced in accessing their children’s records. The parents felt that they were ‘seen’ through their records, reported inaccuracies in information about them and relayed the devastating impact that false allegations of maltreatment continued to have in their lives. Datafication becomes an integral part of the unequal power dynamic between parents and professionals, further shifting the balance towards professionals, damaging fragile trust and engagement. Crucially, there are ethical questions raised for the social work profession about the accessibility and accountability of local authority processes when parents seek justice and reparation for harm. Given the importance of records in decision making about intervention in families lives and increasing datafication of public services working with families through electronic systems including predictive analytics, our indicative findings point to the need for further investigation.
Top-down modulation of DLPFC in visual search: a study based on fMRI and TMS
Authors: Tian Yin , Tan Congming , Tan Jianling , Yang Li , Tang Yi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Effective visual search is essential for daily life, and attention orientation as well as inhibition of return play a significant role in visual search. Researches have established the involvement of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in cognitive control during selective attention. However, neural evidence regarding dorsolateral prefrontal cortex modulates inhibition of return in visual search is still insufficient. In this study, we employed event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging and dynamic causal modeling to develop modulation models for two types of visual search tasks. In the region of interest analyses, we found that the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and temporoparietal junction were selectively activated in the main effect of search type. Dynamic causal modeling results indicated that temporoparietal junction received sensory inputs and only dorsolateral prefrontal cortex →temporoparietal junction connection was modulated in serial search. Such neural modulation presents a significant positive correlation with behavioral reaction time. Furthermore, theta burst stimulation via transcranial magnetic stimulation was utilized to modulate the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex region, resulting in the disappearance of the inhibition of return effect during serial search after receiving continuous theta burst stimulation. Our findings provide a new line of causal evidence that the top-down modulation by dorsolateral prefrontal cortex influences the inhibition of return effect during serial search possibly through the retention of inhibitory tagging via working memory storage.
Dynamic multilayer functional connectivity detects preclinical and clinical Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Canal-Garcia Anna , Veréb Dániel , Mijalkov Mite , Westman Eric , Volpe Giovanni , Pereira Joana B ,   For the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: January 2024

AbstractIncreasing evidence suggests that patients with Alzheimer’s disease present alterations in functional connectivity but previous results have not always been consistent. One of the reasons that may account for this inconsistency is the lack of consideration of temporal dynamics. To address this limitation, here we studied the dynamic modular organization on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging across different stages of Alzheimer’s disease using a novel multilayer brain network approach. Participants from preclinical and clinical Alzheimer’s disease stages were included. Temporal multilayer networks were used to assess time-varying modular organization. Logistic regression models were employed for disease stage discrimination, and partial least squares analyses examined associations between dynamic measures with cognition and pathology. Temporal multilayer functional measures distinguished all groups, particularly preclinical stages, overcoming the discriminatory power of risk factors such as age, sex, and APOE ϵ4 carriership. Dynamic multilayer functional measures exhibited strong associations with cognition as well as amyloid and tau pathology. Dynamic multilayer functional connectivity shows promise as a functional imaging biomarker for both early- and late-stage Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis.
Genomic insights into the evolution and adaptation of secondary metabolite gene clusters in fungicolous species Cladobotryum mycophilum ATHUM6906
Authors: Christinaki Anastasia C , Myridakis Antonis I , Kouvelis Vassili N 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Mycophilic or fungicolous fungi can be found wherever fungi exist since they are able to colonize other fungi, which occupy a diverse range of habitats. Some fungicolous species cause important diseases on Basidiomycetes, and thus, they are the main reason for the destruction of mushroom cultivations. Nonetheless, despite their ecological significance, their genomic data remain limited. Cladobotryum mycophilum is one of the most aggressive species of the genus, destroying the economically important Agaricus bisporus cultivations. The 40.7 Mb whole genome of the Greek isolate ATHUM6906 is assembled in 16 fragments, including the mitochondrial genome and 2 small circular mitochondrial plasmids, in this study. This genome includes a comprehensive set of 12,282 protein coding, 56 rRNA, and 273 tRNA genes. Transposable elements, CAZymes, and pathogenicity related genes were also examined. The genome of C. mycophilum contained a diverse arsenal of genes involved in secondary metabolism, forming 106 biosynthetic gene clusters, which renders this genome as one of the most BGC abundant among fungicolous species. Comparative analyses were performed for genomes of species of the family Hypocreaceae. Some BGCs identified in C. mycophilum genome exhibited similarities to clusters found in the family Hypocreaceae, suggesting vertical heritage. In contrast, certain BGCs showed a scattered distribution among Hypocreaceae species or were solely found in Cladobotryum genomes. This work provides evidence of extensive BGC losses, horizontal gene transfer events, and formation of novel BGCs during evolution, potentially driven by neutral or even positive selection pressures. These events may increase Cladobotryum fitness under various environmental conditions and potentially during host–fungus interaction.
Independent and additive effects of binge drinking and obesity on liver enzymes: a cross-sectional analysis using the Korean National Health Insurance Service data
Authors: Kityo Anthony , Lee Sang-Ah 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Binge drinking (BD) has been associated with elevated liver enzymes, but the joint association of BD and adiposity with liver enzymes is understudied. We aimed to examine the combined association of BD and obesity with elevated liver enzymes.

Methods
Data were obtained from 285,600 patients in the Korean National Health check-up program during 2009–2015. Level I BD (BD I) was defined as alcohol consumption of &gt;60 g (men) or &gt;40 g (women) on one occasion in the previous year. High-intensity BD (HIBD) corresponded to at least two times the BD I levels. General and abdominal obesity were defined by body mass index and waist circumference. Logistic regression was used to examine the independent and joint associations of BD and obesity with elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels. Relative excess risk (RERI), attributable proportion (AP), and synergy index (SI) were calculated to estimate the additive interaction effects.

Results
The mean age was 42.1 ± 0.03 years and 50.2% were women. Elevated ALT [odds ratio (OR) 1.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–1.16], AST (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.11–1.23), and GGT (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.05–1.94) were associated with HIBD. Higher odds of elevated ALT (OR 3.57, 95% CI 3.43–3.71), AST (OR 3.47, 95% CI 3.37–3.58), and GGT (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.98–2.12) were observed in individuals with general obesity. A similar trend was observed for abdominal obesity. The RERI, AP, and SI for the interaction effect of BD and general obesity were 23%, 7%, and 13% for elevated AST levels, and 67%, 24%, and 58% for elevated GGT levels, respectively. Similar effects were observed for the interaction between BD and abdominal obesity.

Conclusions
Obesity aggravated the odds of elevated liver AST and GGT levels in HIBD.
Dynein directs prophase centrosome migration to control the stem cell division axis in the developing Caenorhabditis elegans epidermis
Authors: Carvalho Cátia , Barbosa Daniel J , Celestino Ricardo , Zanin Esther , Xavier Carvalho Ana , Gassmann Reto 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The microtubule motor dynein is critical for the assembly and positioning of mitotic spindles. In Caenorhabditis elegans, these dynein functions have been extensively studied in the early embryo but remain poorly explored in other developmental contexts. Here, we use a hypomorphic dynein mutant to investigate the motor's contribution to asymmetric stem cell–like divisions in the larval epidermis. Live imaging of seam cell divisions that precede formation of the seam syncytium shows that mutant cells properly assemble but frequently misorient their spindle. Misoriented divisions misplace daughter cells from the seam cell row, generate anucleate compartments due to aberrant cytokinesis, and disrupt asymmetric cell fate inheritance. Consequently, the seam becomes disorganized and populated with extra cells that have lost seam identity, leading to fatal epidermal rupture. We show that dynein orients the spindle through the cortical GOA-1Gα–LIN-5NuMA pathway by directing the migration of prophase centrosomes along the anterior–posterior axis. Spindle misorientation in the dynein mutant can be partially rescued by elongating cells, implying that dynein-dependent force generation and cell shape jointly promote correct asymmetric division of epithelial stem cells.
The cellular and molecular basis of the spur development in Impatiens uliginosa
Authors: Li Yang , Huang Wu-lue , Li Xin-yi , Zhang Ying-duo , Meng Dan-chen , Wei Chun-mei , Huang Mei-juan , Huang Hai-quan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The nectar spur is an important feature of pollination and ecological adaptation in flowering plants, and it is a key innovation to promote species diversity in certain plant lineages. The development mechanism of spurs varies among different plant taxa. As one of the largest angiosperm genera, we have little understanding of the mechanism of spur development in Impatiens. Here, we investigated the initiation and growth process of spurs of Impatiens uliginosa based on histology and hormone levels, and the roles of AUXIN BINDING PROTEIN (ABP) and extensin (EXT) in spur development were explored. Our results indicate that the spur development of I. uliginosa is composed of cell division and anisotropic cell elongation. Imbalances in spur proximal-distal cell division lead to the formation of curved structures. Endogenous hormones, such as auxin and cytokinins, were enriched at different developmental stages of spurs. IuABP knockdown led to an increase in spur curves and distortion of morphology. IuEXT knockdown resulted in reduced spur length and loss of curve and inner epidermal papillae structures. This study provides new insights into the mechanism of spur development in core eudicots.
Insufficiency of informal alignment: why did Finland choose formal NATO membership?
Authors: Pesu Matti , Iso-Markku Tuomas 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In May 2022, less than three months after Russia started its war of aggression against Ukraine, both Finland and Sweden applied for membership in NATO, thereby revoking their longstanding policies of non-alliance. What led to this shift? And what made formal NATO membership more attractive to these countries than their previous relationship with the alliance, which already amounted to informal alignment between them and NATO? To answer these questions, this article reviews the process and debates preceding the Finnish NATO application, which also proved decisive for Sweden's alliance bid. In doing so, the article contributes to the existing literature on Finland's NATO process as well as the broader scholarly debate about alliance formation. It argues that two factors prompted the Finnish NATO application: first, a dramatic shift in Finnish public opinion on NATO membership and, second, the emergence of a broadly shared view among Finland's elites of the insufficiency of Finland's existing security arrangements in view of Russia's increased threat potential, with NATO membership seen as the only viable remedy. The article duly highlights the role of public opinion in shaping a state's alignment preferences. Moreover, it finds strong evidence for realist (threat) and rationalist (efficiency) explanations for alliance formation.
Distinct Inflammatory Phenotypes Are Associated With Subclinical and Clinical Cardiovascular Disease in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: McGettrick Padraig , Tinago Willard , O’Brien Julie , Miles Sarah , Lawler Leo , Garcia-Leon Alejandro , Mahon Niall , Lambert John , Sheehan Gerard , Landay Alan , Sabin Caroline A , Cotter Aoife G , Mallon Patrick W G ,   for the HIV Understanding the Pathology of Comorbid Disease in HIV-Infected Individuals With Coronary Artery Disease (UPBEAT) Study Group and the All Ireland Infectious Diseases (AIID) Cohort Study, McGettrick P , Alvarez Barco E , Tinago W , Garcia-Leon A , McDermott A , McGinty T , Cotter A G , Macken A , Mallon P W G , Kavanagh E , McCarthy G , Sheehan G , Lambert J , Powderly W , Compston J , Sabin C , Cotter A , Muldoon E , Sheehan G , McGinty T , Lambert J S , Green S , Leamy K , Kenny G , McCann K , McCann R , O’Broin C , Waqas S , Savinelli S , Feeney E , Mallon P W G , Garcia Leon A , Miles S , Alalwan D , Negi R , de Barra E , McConkey S , Hurley K , Sulaiman I , Horgan M , Sadlier C , Eustace J , Kelly C , Bracken T , Whelan B , Low J , Yousif O , McNicholas B , Courtney G , Gavin P 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Despite inflammation being implicated in cardiovascular disease (CVD) in people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH), considerable heterogeneity within populations of PWH exists. Stratifying CVD risk based on inflammatory phenotype could play an important role. Using principal component analyses and unsupervised hierarchical clustering, we examined 38 biomarkers to identify inflammatory phenotypes in 2 independent cohorts of PWH. We identified 3 distinct inflammatory clusters present in both cohorts that were associated with altered risk of both subclinical CVD (cohort 1) and prevalent clinical CVD (cohort 2) after adjusting for CVD risk factors. These data support precision medicine approaches to enhance CVD risk assessment in PWH.
Introduction of a novel neonatal warming device in Malawi: an implementation science study
Authors: Mvula Mc Geofrey , Frade Garcia Alejandro , Namwali Lemekeza , Matanje Beatrice Lydia , Mphande Isaac , Munyaneza Fabien , Kapira Sitalire , Hansen Anne 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Neonatal hypothermia significantly contributes to infant morbidity and mortality in low-resource settings like Malawi. Kangaroo mother care (KMC) is essential but faces challenges in providing continuous thermal support. The Dream Warmer is a neonatal warming device that was developed to complement KMC. We studied its implementation outside a research environment.

Methods
Using an implementation science approach, we conducted a prospective interventional cohort study in two hospitals and four health centres in Malawi. Through audits and surveys, we assessed the effect of the Dream Warmer on neonatal hypothermia as well as healthcare provider (HCP) and parent attitudes regarding thermoregulation and related issues.

Results
The Dream Warmer raised no safety concerns and effectively treated hypothermia in 90% of uses. It was positively received by HCPs and parents, who reported it had a favourable effect on the care of small and sick newborns. Challenges identified included a scarcity of water and electricity, lack of availability of the device and HCPs forgetting to prepare it in advance of need or to use it when indicated. Feedback for future training was obtained. The Dream Warmer's strong safety and effectiveness performance is consistent with results from strict research studies. Training materials can be adapted to optimize integration into daily practice and provide educational content for parents.

Conclusions
The Dream Warmer is a safe and effective device to treat neonatal hypothermia, particularly when KMC is insufficient. We gained an understanding of how to optimize implementation through robust HCP and family education to help combat hypothermia.
Comparative Analysis of Site-Specific N-glycosylation of LAMP1 from Breast Cancer Tissues
Authors: Ohashi Shoko , Takakura Daisuke , Kobayashi Noritoshi , Tokuhisa Motohiko , Ichikawa Yasushi , Kawasaki Nana 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Glycosylation changes in cancer proteins have been associated with malignant transformation. However, techniques for analyzing site-specific glycosylation changes in target proteins obtained from clinical tissue samples are insufficient. To overcome these problems, we developed a targeted N-glycoproteomic approach consisting of immunoprecipitation, glycopeptide enrichment, LC/MS/MS and structural assignment using commercially available analytical software followed by manual confirmation. This approach was applied to the comparative site-specific glycosylation analysis of lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 (LAMP1) between breast cancer (BC) tumors and normal tissues adjacent to tumors. Extensive determination of glycan heterogeneity from four N-glycosylation sites (Asn84/103/249/261) in LAMP1 identified 262 glycoforms and revealed remarkable diversity in tumor glycan structures. A significant increase in N-glycoforms with multiple fucoses and sialic acids at Asn84/249 and high-mannose-type glycans at Asn103/261 were observed in the tumor. Principal component analysis revealed that tumors of different subtypes have independent distributions. This approach enables site-specific glycopeptide analysis of target glycoprotein in breast cancer tissue and become a powerful tool for characterizing tumors with different pathological features by their glycan profiles.
The ATPase activity of ABCA1 is increased by cholesterol in the presence of anionic lipids
Authors: Sakata Kazuki , Kioka Noriyuki , Ueda Kazumitsu , Kimura Yasuhisa 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) transports excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues back to the liver, and plasma HDL levels are inversely related to cardiovascular disease incidence. ATP-binding cassette A1 (ABCA1) is a member of the ABC protein superfamily, and generates nascent HDL, which consists of several hundreds of phospholipids and cholesterol wrapped by apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I). However, it remains unclear whether cholesterol is a transport substrate of ABCA1. Since ATP hydrolysis of ABC proteins is typically increased by their transport substrates, we characterized the effects of cholesterol on the ATPase activity of purified ABCA1 using liposomes of various lipid compositions. ABCA1 showed substantial ATPase activity (20–30 nmol$\cdot$min−1$\cdot$mg−1) only in liposomes containing anionic lipids, including phosphatidylserine. Cholesterol increased the ATPase activity by 1.6- to 3-fold in the presence of anionic lipids. Moreover, phosphatidylserine addition to BHK/ABCA1 cells increased phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol efflux to apoA-I. Next, we investigated the sterol specificity of ABCA1. The ATPase activity of ABCA1 was strongly enhanced by desmosterol and zymosterol, similar to cholesterol. In contrast, 7-dehydrocholesterol and lathosterol weakly increased the ATPase activity, and no increase was observed with stigmasterol or brassicasterol. These findings suggest that ABCA1 transports cholesterol and prefers cholesterol over plant sterols as a transport substrate.
Puerarin alleviates diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting Caspase-1-mediated pyroptosis
Authors: Chen QiuYan , Wang Lu , Wei Xiaojie , Chen Ming , Zhang Xiaoping , Mo Rou , Huang Renbin , Liang Tao , Xu Xiaohui 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background and purpose
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is an important cause of end-stage renal disease, with podocyte injury as the main feature. Pyroptosis plays a non-negligible role in the process of diabetic nephropathy. Puerarin (PR) treatment of diabetic nephropathy has great potential, but the mechanism is not very clear. This article aims to study the protective effect and mechanism of puerarin on DN.

Methods
Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced C57 BL/6J mouse model of DN was given PR, Necrosulfomide (NSA), Nigericin for 12 weeks; A 60 mM high glucose(HG) induced MPC5 cell injury model was administered to PR, NSA, and Nigericin interventions for 24 h.

Results
After 12 weeks of administration, PR reduced fasting blood glucose levels in DN mice, alleviated glomerular lesions, reduced podocyte damage, and protected renal function. Meanwhile, PR also inhibits the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins. In addition, PR alleviated the release of Interleukin 18 (IL-18), Interleukin 1beta (IL-1β), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in MPC5 cells under HG conditions, downregulated the expression of pyrozozois-related proteins, and improved Caspase-1-mediated pyroptosis in MPC5 cells.

Conclusion
Our study suggests that the beneficial effects of PR in diabetic nephropathy may be associated with inhibition of Caspase-1-mediated pyroptosis.