bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using bald eagles to indicate the health of the Great Lakes' environment
Authors: Bowerman William W. , Roe Amy S. , Gilbertson Michael J. , Best David A. , Sikarskie James G. , Mitchell Rachel S. , Summer Cheryl L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) is one of the most studied birds of North America, and a great amount of natural life‐history information, including the response of various stressors on the eagles' ability to reproduce, are well known. In Michigan, the eagle has been chosen to track the trends of bioaccumulative compounds of concern across watersheds in the state. The state has been divided into major watersheds, and 20% of these are surveyed each year. A control area in northern Minnesota, Voyageurs National Park, is also sampled annually. We report here on the methods used, the preliminary results of the 1999 field season, and how differences in mercury concentrations varied over a 10‐year period. Mercury in feathers of nestling eagles declined over time only in Lakes Michigan and Huron, but have not decreased among other subpopulations in Michigan. Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 4,4′‐DDE in blood plasma from nestling eagles have declined over time for most subpopulations; however, they remain greater for breeding areas associated with the Great Lakes' food web. Sea eagles of the genus Haliaeetus are a good sentinel species to track trends in bioaccumulative compounds in aquatic systems.
Present status of submerged macrophyte growth in Lake Biwa: Recent recovery following a summer decline in the water level
Authors: Hamabata E. , Kobayashi Y. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWhole‐lake areal distribution of submerged macrophyte growth in Lake Biwa was surveyed using aerial photographs in 1994 and 2000, when unusual declines in the water level of approximately 1 m occurred in the dry summers. The estimated total areas of the submerged macrophyte communities were 1441 ha for 1994 and 2825 ha for 2000. In the shallow and eutrophic southern basin, the bottom area covered by vegetation gradually increased year by year after 1994, and the ratio of this area to the total surface area of the basin in 2000 amounted to 52%. The dominant species were two natives,Hydrilla verticillataandMyriophyllum spicatum, and one exotic,Egeria densa. Changes in physical conditions and water quality associated with the decline in the water level, as well as the reactions of submerged plants to aquatic environments and ecosystem dynamics, are discussed.
Peritoneal mesothelial cells and the extracellular matrix
Authors: Yung Susan , Chan Tak‐Mao 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARY:Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is an important treatment for patients with end‐stage renal failure. Long‐term success is dependent on the functional and structural integrity of the peritoneal membrane. Conventional peritoneal dialysis fluids are non‐physiological. They contain glucose at high concentrations to provide the osmotic drive for ultrafiltration, lactate to correct the metabolic acidosis of renal failure, and a low pH to prevent caramelization of glucose during heat sterilization. These components, in isolation or acting together, exert adverse influences on both the resident cellular and extracellular elements of the peritoneal membrane, as well as phagocytic cells which infiltrate the peritoneum during inflammation, culminating in detrimental structural and functional effects, compromising the viability of the peritoneum during dialysis. Peritoneal biopsy studies of patients on long‐term CAPD have demonstrated an intercellular space between adjacent mesothelial cells which allows the penetration of peritoneal dialysis fluid into the underlying submesothelium. This, together with episodes of peritonitis, can initiate a chronic inflammatory reaction within the peritoneum characterized by increased synthesis of matrix proteins. Perturbation of the regulatory mechanisms which govern the balance of synthesis and degradation of extracellular matrix can lead to progressive fibrosis. Human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMC) have been shown to synthesize fibronectin, laminin, collagens, proteoglycans and hyaluronan in vitro, and thus play a role in the pathogenesis of peritoneal fibrosis. This review will give an overview of extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis by HPMC, how changes in the synthesis are affected by CAPD and postulate how these changes can compromise the dialytic properties of the peritoneum.
Possibilities for critical social theory and Foucault’s work: a toolbox approach
Authors: Manias Elizabeth , Street Annette 
Published: March 2003

Possibilities for critical social theory and Foucault’s work: a toolbox approach The benefits and constraints of philosophical frameworks using the work of Michel Foucault and critical social theorists, such as Fay, Giroux and McLaren, are examined in the light of their traditions. The reasons nurse researchers adopt these frameworks are explored, as are the tensions between the respective theories. A complementary ‘toolbox’ approach to the research process addresses some of the theoretical and methodological challenges presented by each framework. Such an approach provides distinctive insights into nursing practice that the other has ignored or missed. It is argued that by converging the two frameworks into a toolbox approach, it is possible to examine or deconstruct existing practices, whilst also providing an avenue for nurses to reconstruct or change such practices.
Listening for the sounds of silence: a nursing consideration of caring for the politically tortured
Authors: Racine‐Welch Twilla , Welch Mark 
Published: March 2003

Listening for the sounds of silence: a nursing consideration of caring for the politically tortured In 1997 Amnesty International reported that 115 out of 251 countries surveyed practised torture on their citizens. Many of these victims have been forced to flee their country of origin and become refugees in the West, in countries such as Australia, Canada, the UK and the United States. However, torture itself remains an unspoken and covert problem. In addition to the obvious traumatic effects, it may induce shame and dread on the part of the victim. It may be too terrifying and too painful to talk about, and yet may affect every aspect of a person’s life (Forrest 1996). All too commonly a victim of torture may pass unnoticed or unrecognised because health care providers do not know how, or may be unwilling to engage with the issue. This paper will examine the implications for nurses of caring for the tortured. It will explore the nature of torture itself, who might be the perpetrators and who might be the victims (always acknowledging that nurses and other health care staff are often both), how victims of torture may present for health care, and the possible subjective perceptions of a torture victim when faced with a Western health care process and understanding. Finally, it will argue for an increase in awareness and sensitivity on the part of all nurses in all health care settings to the needs and sensibilities of victims of torture, and suggest that caring for them is the distillation of everything good nursing practice should be.
Working in and around the ‘chain of command’: power relations among nursing staff in an urban nursing home
Authors: Jervis Lori L. 
Published: March 2003

Working in and around the ‘chain of command’: power relations among nursing staff in an urban nursing homeBy most accounts, the discipline of nursing enjoys considerable hegemony in US nursing homes. Not surprisingly, the ethos of this setting is influenced, in large part, by nursing’s value system. This ethos powerfully impacts both the residents who live in nursing homes and the staff who work there. Using ethnographic methods, this project explored power relations among nursing assistants and nurses in an urban nursing home in the United States. Factors contributing to tensions among nursing staff were the stigma attached to nursing homes and those who work in them, as well as the long history of class conflict and power struggles within the discipline of nursing. The latter struggles, in turn, reflected nursing’s quest for professional status in the face of medicine’s hegemony over health‐care. Ultimately, these factors coalesced to produce a local work environment characterized by conflict — and by aides’ resistance to nurses’ domination.
Meanings of living at home on a ventilator
Authors: Lindahl Berit , Sandman Per‐Olof , Rasmussen Birgit H. 
Published: March 2003

Meanings of living at home on a ventilator Nine adults were interviewed in order to illuminate the meanings of being dependent on a ventilator and living at home. The data were analysed using a phenomenological‐hermeneutic method inspired by the philosophy of Ricoeur. Five main themes emerged through the analysis: experiencing home as a safe and comfortable space from which to reach out, experiencing the body as being frail, brave and resilient, striving to live in the present, surrendering oneself to and trusting others, and experiencing technology as a burden and a relief to the lived body. Meanings of being home on a ventilator were interpreted as maintaining autonomy and persistence in interaction with the ventilator and other human beings and being able to rise above yourself and your personal boundaries in order to live a good life. These meanings indicate that aesthetic and ethical values impact on the lived body. They are bound up with experiencing a vital force and interdependency, bringing safety and courage into daily life.
Grief reactions treated in a psychiatric out‐patient clinic
Authors: Nakamura Yujiro 
Published: March 2003

AbstractGrief reactions to the death of a close relative are not commonly treated in psychiatric out‐patient clinics in Japan. However, recently our clinic has had a chance to see such cases. I analyzed 11 cases of grief reactions (7 females, 4 males). The first part of this paper focuses on the distinction between normal and abnormal grief reactions, and an attempt was made to classify grief reactions in the nosology. Following this, three factors were specified as enhancing vulnerability to bereavement: (1) sex (female), (2) age (middle‐aged), and (3) cause of death (sudden death). The second part focuses on the dependency seen in the subjects, which was their most marked personality traits. Finally, vertical splitting as defined by Kohut and Kasahara was discussed as a defense mechanism in the crisis of bereavement. The bereaved person preserves a positive image of the deceased and his or herself by vertical splitting, thereby eliminating negative experiences and feelings (denial). This manifested itself in a strong feeling of solidarity with the deceased (identification).The treatment of the subjects followed a fairly good course, but five patients required more than 1 year. Four patients visited the clinic after the termination of their treatment because of a relapse of their depression.
A case of seizures 1 week after the cessation of interferon‐α therapy
Authors: Seno Haruo , Inagaki Takuji , Itoga Motoi , Miyaoka Tsuyoshi , Ishino Hiroshi 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe report on a 60‐year‐old woman with a history of bipolar mood disorder who had seizures and developed a delirious state 1 week after the cessation of interferon‐α (IFN‐α) for chronic hepatitis C. The IFN‐α was administered to the patient for 7 weeks (266 million IU). One week after the cessation of IFN‐α therapy, the patient had four generalized tonic–clonic seizures over a 2‐day period and developed a delirious state for 2 months. We consider these seizures and delirious state to be related to IFN‐α.
Possible association of human leucocyte antigen DR1 with delayed sleep phase syndrome
Authors: Hohjoh Hirohiko , Takahashi Yasuro , Hatta Yoko , Tanaka Hidenori , Akaza Tatsuya , Tokunaga Katsushi , Honda Yutaka , Juji Takeo 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe study investigated the human leucocyte antigen (HLA), types A, B and DR, of 42 patients with delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS) and compared the frequencies of the antigens with those in 117 healthy controls. The comparison revealed that the gene frequencies and positivities of HLA‐A, ‐B and ‐DR, except for DR1, had no significant differences between the patients and controls. The frequency of HLA‐DR1 was increased in the DSPS patients as compared with that in the healthy controls (P = 0.0069 in positivity). Although the corrected P‐value (0.069) for multiple comparisons almost reached the significance level, the results indicated a possible association of the HLA‐DR1 antigen with DSPS. This study suggests that there are genetic predispositions to DSPS.
Seizure recurrence after reduction of an antiepileptic drug in patients with unprovoked seizures and severe neurological abnormalities
Authors: Kimura Masahiko , Yoshino Kunio , Suzuki Norido 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA prospective study of antiepileptic drug (AED) reduction in patients with unprovoked seizures and severe neurological abnormalities after a seizure‐free period of more than 5 years was performed. From a hospital for severely handicapped children (150 patients) and an institution for mentally handicapped people (89 persons), 13 patients were enrolled to this study after informed consent was obtained. All patients had experienced a seizure‐free period of more than 7 years (median, 10 years). The patients had IQs of less than 50 and were almost dependent in their life. Five patients had additional motor deficits. The patients had been taking one to three AED (mean, 1.9) before reduction and only one AED was withdrawn. During the following 2 years, four of the 13 patients (31%) showed a recurrence of seizures. The age at the time of the last seizure was lower in the seizure‐free patients. As to the 10 patients with onset ages of 10 or less, a significant factor as to seizure recurrence was whether or not seizures were controlled before the age of 11 years (P < 0.05, Fisher’s exact probability test). It is suggested that a patient with severe neurological abnormalities, in whom epilepsy or unprovoked seizures are controlled before the age of 11 years (i.e. before adolescence) could be a candidate for the reduction of AED.
Distribution of amyloid β protein precursor in the Alzheimer’s disease brain
Authors: Shoji Mikio , Kawarabayashi Takeshi , Matsubara Etsuro , Ikeda Masaki , Ishiguro Koji , Harigaya Yasuo , Okamoto Koichi 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn order to clarify the distribution and pathological changes of the amyloid β protein precursor (βAPP), 10 Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brains and seven normal control brains were examined by immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization histochemistry. All βAPP isoforms were distributed evenly in neuronal cell bodies and their axons and dendrites. The βAPP‐positive neuronal processes showed mesh‐like networks. In AD brains, βAPP‐positive neurons and mesh‐like networks were generally decreased in spite of some intensely labeled neurons. All βAPP isoforms accumulated in neuronal processes, dystrophic neurites and senile plaques. In situ hybridization histochemistry confirmed that all isoforms of βAPP were expressed in neurons in control brains. In AD brains, the βAPP mRNA signal was generally decreased besides some intense signal neurons corresponding to immunostaining findings. Few astrocytes expressed βAPP. Thus, uniform expression and distribution of βAPP were disturbed in AD brains showing uneven decreases or increases of neuronal βAPP expression in individual neurons and βAPP accumulation in neurons, neuronal processes and abnormal structures including dystrophic neurites, senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.
Parental bonding and personality in relation to a lifetime history of depression
Authors: Sato Tetsuya , Uehara Toru , Narita Tomohiro , Sakado Kaoru , Fujii Yoichiro 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis study explores whether personality is mediating the effects of adverse parenting on having had a lifetime history of major depressive disorder and whether personality dimensions, related to the development of lifetime depression, are disposed by adverse parenting in cross‐sectional data derived from an epidemiological sample of volunteer workers. Of 447 individuals who were asked to complete the Munich Personality Test (MPT), the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) and the Inventory to Diagnose Depression Lifetime version (IDDL), 322 subjects were included in the analyses (150 male and 172 female; and 38 were diagnosed as having had a history of depression). Comparisons in fit between logistic regression models revealed that a combination of frustration tolerance and rigidity among personality dimensions, as measured by the MPT, and maternal care among the PBI scales were most primary in predicting a lifetime history of depression. Maternal care was, however, not significantly predictive of dimensional scores on the personality dimensions. Neither frustration tolerance nor rigidity was predicted by any PBI scale. When entering the variables sequentially, maternal care and the personality variables were additive and independent risk factors in predicting a lifetime history of depression. The results of this preliminary study raised an objection to a hypothesis that adverse parenting experienced in childhood disposes one to a dysfunctional personality, which then predisposes one to the development of depression in adulthood.
Watershed infarction associated with dementia and cerebral atrophy
Authors: Hashiguchi Shuji , Mine Hideki , Ide Makoto , Kawachi Yasunori 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA 63‐year‐old man was admitted with progressive left hemiparesis and left homonymous hemianopsia of 1 month’s duration. During the 2 months before admission, he had suffered from slowly progressive dementia. The diagnosis of right‐sided watershed (WS) infarction was made. He exhibited slow progression of dementia and cerebral atrophy during the period of observation after discharge. There was a positive relationship between cerebral atrophy and the degree of dementia. In the present case, WS infarction caused by right internal carotid artery occlusion might be related to dementia and cerebral atrophy.
Sleep architectures of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in the young child
Authors: Yamadera Wataru , Chiba Shintarou , Itoh Hiroshi , Ozone Motohiro , Takahashi Toshiharu , Sasaki Mitsuo , Ushijima Sadanobu , Moriyama Hiroshi 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe sleep architectures of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in the young child (child‐OSAS, n = 17; mean age: 5.9 ± 2.7 years; male : female 14 : 3) were compared with that of OSAS in the adult (n = 19; mean age: 44.7 ± 10.7 years; male : female 18 : 1) and that of primary snoring in the child (n = 5; mean age: 7.0 ± 2.4 years; male : female 5 : 0). Child‐OSAS and OSAS in the adult had the same severity in oxygen desaturation. Child‐OSAS showed lower Apnea–Hypopnea Index compared with OSAS in the adult. Sleep continuity in child‐OSAS was not impaired compared with OSAS in the adult. Sleep fragmentation in child‐OSAS was not so remarkable. The quantity of slow wave sleep in child‐OSAS was similar to that of primary snoring in the child. Both profiles of sleep architectures showed nearly the same pattern.
Facial patterns of obstructive sleep apnea patients using Ricketts’ method
Authors: Kikuchi Makoto , Higurashi Naoki , Miyazaki Soichiro , Itasaka Yoshiaki 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTo analyze the facial patterns of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) patients, we took lateral cephalograms of 31 OSAS patients and 26 non‐OSAS controls and utilized Ricketts’ method. In addition, we measured the hyoid bone position, the length of mandibular plane to H‐point, the length of soft palate, and lower pharynx. The facial patterns of OSAS patients were dolico, the hyoid bone was positioned low, the soft palate was longer and the width of the airway was narrower than that of the non‐OSAS controls.
Nineteen‐hour variation of postural sway, alertness and rectal temperature during sleep deprivation
Authors: Nakano Toshio , Araki Kazunori , Michimori Akihiro , Inbe Hiroyuki , Hagiwara Hiroshi , Koyama Emi 
Published: March 2003

AbstractNineteen‐hour variation of postural sway, alertness and rectal temperature during sleep deprivation were studied. Alertness decreased gradually at night and remained low until morning. Postural sway in the eyes‐closed condition increased during early morning. In six of the eight subjects the greatest sway was observed during the 3‐h period when rectal temperature was at its minimum. It is suggested that unbearable sleepiness during sleep deprivation will give rise to measurable impairment of postural balance especially during the time zone of temperature nadir.
Perirhinal cortical lesion suppresses the secondary generalization in kainic acid‐induced limbic seizure
Authors: FUKUMOTO SHIN‐ICHIRO , TANAKA SHIGEYA , TOJO HIDESHI , AKAIKE KOICHI , TAKIGAWA MORIKUNI 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTo elucidate the role of the perirhinal cortex (PRC) in experimental epilepsy, the effects of the lesion of the PRC on kainic acid (KA)‐induced limbic seizure were investigated. The PRC lesion was made by means of ibotenic acid (IBO) microinjection. The electroencephalogram in the PRC‐lesioned rats demonstrated suppression of the propagation of epileptic discharges from the limbic structures to the sensorimotor cortex. Behaviorally, motor manifestations such as mastication, facial twitching and forelimb clonus were attenuated. These results indicate that the PRC seems to be a potent relay station of the secondary generalization from the limbic structures to the sensorimotor cortex.
Mental health conditions among atomic bomb survivors in Nagasaki
Authors: HONDA SUMIHISA , SHIBATA YOSHISADA , MINE MARIKO , IMAMURA YOSHIHIRO , TAGAWA MASUKO , NAKANE YOSHIBUMI , TOMONAGA MASAO 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTo elucidate the effects of the bombing on the atomic bomb survivors’ mental health, a mental health survey was conducted using a 12‐item version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ‐12) and a mail survey on atomic bomb exposure conditions and lifestyle using a self‐administered questionnaire. A total of 3526 atomic bomb survivors in Nagasaki responded and a high GHQ‐12 score, as defined when the responses to four or more items were positive, was observed in 296 (8.4%) subjects. It was indicated that the risk of a high GHQ‐12 score will decrease 0.98‐fold with every 1‐year increase in age, and will increase 1.45‐fold and 1.70‐fold in those who lost family members due to the bombing and those who had acute symptoms, respectively, compared with those who did not. It was indicated that the atomic bomb exposure has affected survivors’ mental health and that the care of their mental health is important.