bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electroencephalography recognition based on encephalic region and temporal sequence transformer
Authors: Sun Mingyang , Su Qiya , Zhao Qing , Liu Chao 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Stereoscopic vision is the key to good motor control and accurate cognition, and its formation is closely related to brain control. The early methods of measuring stereoscopic vision rely on the subject’s judgment, which might be influenced by inadvertent misjudgments. To solve this problem, we collected the Electroencephalography (EEG) of subjects watching dynamic random dot stereogram for stereogram recognition. To analyze stereogram EEG signals, this paper proposed a transformer-based encephalic region temporal sequence analysis network. Inspired by the concept of brain regions, this network designs an encephalic region Transformer module to capture global spatial features in each brain region and among the whole brain regions. Based on the spatial features of electrodes in different brain regions, the global spatial dependence of all electrodes can be further obtained. Then, the temporal sequence Transformer module is adopted to learn the global temporal EEG features. Finally, we utilize the spatial-temporal multi-scale convolution module to extract advanced spatial and temporal fusion features for recognition. The simulation results on two public EEG datasets illustrate the excellent classification performance of the proposed model, which is better than 9 existing comparison models in EEG recognition.
Research on an underwater image segmentation algorithm based on YOLOv8
Authors: Che Sai , Li Zhongguo , Shi Zhou , Gao Miaowei , Tang Hongchuan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Underwater image segmentation faces complex problems such as target type, number, scale, and environmental interference. The traditional segmentation method relies on much manual annotation and expertise, extracts only the surface information of the image, and has low segmentation accuracy and efficiency, so the image segmentation method based on deep learning is chosen. Deep learning algorithms are used on top of the YOLOv8, and the adaptive self-supervised learning (Convnext V2) module, the lightweight network (Slim Neck), and the dynamic sparse attention mechanism (bilevel routing attention, Biformer) are added, which improves the YOLOv8 algorithm for single-stage instance segmentation of different underwater targets. The Convnext V2 module introduces the global response normalization (GRN) unit, which enhances the feature competition and reduces the model computation. A slim neck network is designed, which achieves a double improvement in model inference speed and accuracy by the operation of dense convolution in the lightweight convolution (GSConv) module and the design of a cross-level network structure (VoV-GSCSP). The introduction of Biformer’s dynamic sparse attention mechanism achieves more flexible computational allocation and content awareness. Comparison experiments show that the improved algorithm dramatically increases the segmentation speed while improving the segmentation accuracy. On the dual-target dataset, the mAP is improved by 3.5% from 0.753 to 0.779, and the FPS is improved by 86% from 63 to 117. The experiments validate that the improved algorithm can be used for the segmentation of different underwater images.
Real-time Self-calibration Method of Vehicle Camera Attitude Based on ANN
Authors: Li Ting , Li Meian , Lian Hao , Xue Lixia , Gao Tian , Shi Yanyu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The research of the monocular vision ranging method has great research value in the field of intelligent vehicles. Camera calibration is an important step in a monocular vision ranging model. The accuracy of camera calibration directly determines the accuracy of ranging. Because the camera attitude may change during vehicle driving, it will have a certain impact on the accuracy of the ranging algorithm. Therefore, based on a monocular ranging model and focal length calibration method based on geometric transformation, a real-time camera attitude self-calibration method based on the width measurement model and ANN model is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the method takes the wheel width of the known vehicle type as a fixed value, takes the contact points between the two wheels of the front vehicle and the ground as the feature points, and brings them into the width measurement model to form constraints. However, the single formula formed by a single pair of feature points cannot solve the camera inclination of multiple dimensions at the same time, and it is difficult to solve the analytical solution of the complex formula. In this paper, the ANN model is proposed to fit and solve the formula, and a large number of data sets are obtained through experimental point distribution to train and test the model. The results show that the ranging accuracy of using this method to calibrate the camera tilt angle is unchanged compared to the previous measurement accuracy using sensors, meeting the ranging requirements
Development of the ultra-high sensitivity radon monitor based on electrostatic collection method
Authors: Xie Ruomei , Lin Fen , Yi Haibo , Hu Tao , Liu Shuaibin , Yuan Shuai , Fan Zhongkai , Mo Yixiang , Li Huiying , Sun Jiale , Liu Zhipeng , Wu Jiulin , Yuan Hongzhi , Xie Dong , Tan Yanliang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The radioactive decay of radon (Rn-222) and its progenies
are significant background sources in an extremely low background
environment, interfering with investigation like detecting dark
matter and observing neutrinos. In this paper, a 1000 L ultra-high
sensitivity radon monitor for China Jinping Underground Laboratory
(CJPL) based on electrostatic collection and Au-Si surface barrier
detector was developed. The monitor is capable of distinguishing
Rn-220 from the energy spectrum and effectively eliminating any
interference caused by Rn-220. At an absolute air humidity of
0.02 g/m3, the scale factor of the monitor is:
17.35 ± 0.88 (counts/day)/(mBq/m3). Moreover, it achieves
a remarkable lower limit of detection of 0.17 mBq/m3 in a
single-day measurement. These findings demonstrate the suitability
of the ultra-high sensitivity radon monitor for diverse scenarios
demanding stringent background requirements.
Evaluation of a pharmacist-managed anemia service in pregnant patients
Authors: Weaver Danielle , Cheung Sunny , deLaunay Andrew , Young Kimberly , Fabian Bonnie , Tieu Christine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Purpose
Studies have shown the positive impact pharmacist-managed services have on patient care. However, little information is available on services for pregnant patients. This study contributes to the current literature by providing data on the impact of a pharmacist-managed service on outcomes in pregnant patients with iron-deficiency anemia.

Methods
This was a retrospective, data-only, multicenter study comparing pregnant patients with iron-deficiency anemia managed by a pharmacist (n = 100) to those who received standard care (n = 100). During the study period, patients were 16 years of age or older and pregnant with concurrent iron-deficiency anemia. The percentage of patients with a hemoglobin level above goal (&gt;11.0 g/dL) at delivery, the mean hemoglobin level at delivery, and the type of iron supplementation were compared between the groups.

Results
The percentage of patients with a hemoglobin level of greater than 11.0 g/dL at delivery was 87% for the pharmacist-managed group compared to 71% for the group receiving standard care (P &lt; 0.01). The mean hemoglobin level at delivery was significantly higher in the pharmacist-managed group than in the group receiving standard care, at 12.1 g/dL vs 11.6 g/dL, respectively (P &lt; 0.1). There was no difference between the groups in the percentage of patients receiving blood transfusions (4% vs 3%; P = 0.56). The percentage of patients who received intravenous iron was significantly lower in the pharmacist-managed group than in the group receiving standard care (8% vs 21%; P &lt; 0.01). Most patients in the pharmacist-managed group received oral ferrous sulfate (81%).

Conclusion
This study showed that including pharmacists in the management of pregnant patients with iron-deficiency anemia significantly improved patient hemoglobin levels at delivery.
The Welfare Effects of Mobile Internet Access: Evidence from Roam-Like-at-Home
Authors: Quinn Martin , Godinho de Matos Miguel , Peukert Christian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We evaluate the welfare effects of the Roam-like-at-home regulation, which has drastically reduced the price of accessing the mobile Internet for residents of the European Economic Area when travelling abroad in the European Economic Area. Our estimates using individual-level consumption data suggest that consumer surplus increased by around €2.44 per user and travel day. We show that around 40% of the consumer surplus gains originated from a reduction in deadweight loss, that is, new users accessing the mobile Internet. We also highlight that the regulation had a heterogeneous impact on consumers, varying with usage intensity and the reason for travel (business versus leisure).
Prognostic factors, outcomes, and complications for dental autotransplantation: an umbrella review
Authors: Cremona Maria , Bister Dirk , Sherriff Martyn , Abela Stefan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Dental autotransplantation (DAT) is a biological way of replacing missing or compromised teeth for patients. The techniques often necessitate a multi-disciplinary approach. The prognosis and success of the procedure may be impacted by variable factors in varying degrees.

Objective
Evaluating outcomes and complications of DAT, including prognostic factors using an umbrella review.

Search methods
Six databases were searched for all relevant systematic reviews published up to 30 June 2022. No restrictions were applied to language or publication date.

Selection criteria
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of DAT studies.

Data collection and analysis
Identification, screening, eligibility, and quality assessment using the AMSTAR 2 tool were performed independently by two authors (M.C. and S.A.). Two studies (20%) scored moderate, six studies (60%) scored low, and two studies (20%) scored critically low. Data were analysed using a random effects meta-analysis, and meta-regression was performed to investigate the effect of open and closed apices on the dependent variables. The results were summarised as relative risk ratios.

Results
A total of 310 studies were eligible for inclusion, of which 20 studies were selected for full-text evaluation. Ten systematic reviews were included, 9 of which had a meta-analysis. Overall findings suggest that DAT offers favourable success and survival rates. Meta-regression results indicate that a closed apex increased the proportion of ankylosis and resorption, reduced survival but had no effect on success during the observational period.

Limitations
A varying degree of heterogeneity and bias was present in all systematic reviews. The samples of donor teeth included in the systematic reviews also varied morphologically.

Conclusions
DAT is a technique-sensitive procedure requiring a multidisciplinary team, vigilant case assessment and thorough consideration of the respective prognostic factors involved. Despite methodological limitations reported across studies, DAT shows favourable success and survival rates, with a distinctive advantage of bone induction and soft tissue thickness preservation, and should, therefore, be considered as a viable treatment modality. Standardisation of clinical guidelines and practice are highly recommended.

Registration
CRD42020202484.
The relationship between sexual dimorphism and androgen response element proliferation in primate genomes
Authors: Anderson Andrew P , Jones Adam 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In males of many vertebrate species, sexual selection has led to the evolution of sexually dimorphic traits, which are often developmentally controlled by androgen signaling involving androgen response elements (AREs). Evolutionary changes in the number and genomic locations of AREs can modify patterns of receptor regulation and potentially alter gene expression. Here, we use recently sequenced primate genomes to evaluate the hypothesis that the strength of sexual selection is related to the genome-wide number of AREs in a diversifying lineage. In humans, we find a higher incidence of AREs near male-biased genes and androgen-responsive genes when compared with randomly selected genes from the genome. In a set of primates, we find that gains or losses of AREs proximal to genes are correlated with changes in male expression levels and the degree of sex-biased expression of those genes. In a larger set of primates, we find that an increase in one indicator of sexual selection, canine size sexual dimorphism, is correlated with genome-wide ARE counts. Our results suggest that the responsiveness of the genome to androgens in humans and their close relatives has been shaped by sexual selection that arises from competition among males for mating access to females.
Adaptive radiations in natural populations of prokaryotes: innovation is key
Authors: Vos Michiel , Padfield Daniel , Quince Christopher , Vos Rutger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Prokaryote diversity makes up most of the tree of life and is crucial to the functioning of the biosphere and human health. However, the patterns and mechanisms of prokaryote diversification have received relatively little attention compared to animals and plants. Adaptive radiation, the rapid diversification of an ancestor species into multiple ecologically divergent species, is a fundamental process by which macrobiological diversity is generated. Here, we discuss whether ecological opportunity could lead to similar bursts of diversification in bacteria. We explore how adaptive radiations in prokaryotes can be kickstarted by horizontally acquired key innovations allowing lineages to invade new niche space that subsequently is partitioned among diversifying specialist descendants. We discuss how novel adaptive zones are colonized and exploited after the evolution of a key innovation and whether certain types of are more prone to adaptive radiation. Radiation into niche specialists does not necessarily lead to speciation in bacteria when barriers to recombination are absent. We propose that in this scenario, niche-specific genes could accumulate within a single lineage, leading to the evolution of an open pangenome.
×Sorbaronia ′Mitschurinii′—an overlooked alien shrub rapidly expands in temperate Scots pine forests
Authors: Jagodziński Andrzej M , Horodecki Paweł , Jasińska Anna K , Maliński Tomasz , Pilarek Zenon , Woźniak Kacper , Wrońska-Pilarek Dorota , Zieliński Jerzy , Dyderski Marcin K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Biological invasions are one of the most important threats to biodiversity. However, spread mechanisms have been described in detail only for some widespread taxa. Here, we aim to characterize the unique phenomenon of ×Sorbaronia ′Mitschurinii′ (Rosaceae) spread into temperate Scots pine forests. We assessed the surroundings of an abandoned ×Sorbaronia ′Mitschurinii′ plantation, established in 1986 near Ośno Lubuskie (W Poland). Around the plantation we established 66 study plots in 30 m intervals along eight transects, in a systematic design. Using generalized linear mixed-effects models we analysed how the distance from the propagule source (i.e. abandoned plantation), maximum age of ×Sorbaronia shrubs assessed using dendrochronological techniques, and light availability determined the density and biomass of the studied plant. We found that its mean aboveground biomass in the plantation was 7.22 ± 0.66 Mg ha−1, and decreased with distance from the propagule source: 6.83 Mg ha−1 30 m from the abandoned plantation, 1.38 Mg ha−1 at a distance of 90 m, and 0.11 Mg ha−1 at a distance of 180 m, almost disappearing at further distances (but present at the maximum distance of 450 m). The density and aboveground biomass of ×Sorbaronia ′Mitschurinii′ increased with increasing maximal age of the studied plant and its light availability. The ×Sorbaronia ′Mitschurinii′ plantation acted as a strong propagule source, as it reached a density of 100 ind. 100 m−2 after five years, forming a dense shrub layer, capable of reproducing. We conclude that alien species planted at high density and left with no management control might transform into invasion hotspots under favourable circumstances. The study highlights the importance of scientific awareness of similar cases of overlooked invasion sources, as management to limit their spread is still possible.
Scaling of Protein Function across the Tree of Life
Authors: Gondhalekar Riddhi , Kempes Christopher P , McGlynn Shawn Erin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Scaling laws are a powerful way to compare genomes because they put all organisms onto a single curve and reveal nontrivial generalities as genomes change in size. The abundance of functional categories across genomes has previously been found to show power law scaling with respect to the total number of functional categories, suggesting that universal constraints shape genomic category abundance. Here, we look across the tree of life to understand how genome evolution may be related to functional scaling. We revisit previous observations of functional genome scaling with an expanded taxonomy by analyzing 3,726 bacterial, 220 archaeal, and 79 unicellular eukaryotic genomes. We find that for some functional classes, scaling is best described by multiple exponents, revealing previously unobserved shifts in scaling as genome-encoded protein annotations increase or decrease. Furthermore, we find that scaling varies between phyletic groups at both the domain and phyla levels and is less universal than previously thought. This variability in functional scaling is not related to taxonomic phylogeny resolved at the phyla level, suggesting that differences in cell plan or physiology outweigh broad patterns of taxonomic evolution. Since genomes are maintained and replicated by the functional proteins encoded by them, these results point to functional degeneracy between taxonomic groups and unique evolutionary trajectories toward these. We also find that individual phyla frequently span scaling exponents of functional classes, revealing that individual clades can move across scaling exponents. Together, our results reveal unique shifts in functions across the tree of life and highlight that as genomes grow or shrink, proteins of various functions may be added or lost.
The “Seven Deadly Sins” of Neophobia Experimental Design
Authors: Kimball Melanie G , Lattin Christine R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Neophobia, an aversive response to novelty, is a behavior with critical ecological and evolutionary relevance for wild populations because it directly influences animals’ ability to adapt to new environments and exploit novel resources. Neophobia has been described in a wide variety of different animal species from arachnids to zebra finches. Because of this widespread prevalence and ecological importance, the number of neophobia studies has continued to increase over time. However, many neophobia studies (as well as many animal behavior studies more generally) suffer from one or more of what we have deemed the “seven deadly sins” of neophobia experimental design. These “sins” include: (1) animals that are not habituated to the testing environment, (2) problems with novel stimulus selection, (3) non-standardized motivation, (4) pseudoreplication, (5) lack of sufficient controls, (6) fixed treatment order, and (7) using arbitrary thresholds for data analysis. We discuss each of these potential issues in turn and make recommendations for how to avoid them in future behavior research. More consistency in how neophobia studies are designed would facilitate comparisons across different populations and species and allow researchers to better understand whether neophobia can help explain animals’ responses to human-altered landscapes and the ability to survive in the Anthropocene.
Irreducible Components of the Moduli Space of Langlands Parameters
Authors: Shotton Jack 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Let $F/\mathbb{Q}_{p}$ be finite, $G$ be an $L$-group, and let $\mathfrak{X}_{G}$ be the moduli space of Langlands parameters $W_{F} \to G$, in characteristic distinct from $p$. First, we determine the irreducible components of ${\mathfrak{X}}_{G}$. Then, we determine the local structure around tamely ramified points for which the image of inertia is regular. This local structure is related to the endomorphism rings of Gelfand–Graev representations, by work of Li. Lastly, we determine an open dense set in ${\mathfrak{X}}_{M}$, when $M$ is a Levi subgroup of $G$, such that the natural map of moduli stacks $[{\mathfrak{X}}_{M}/M^{\circ }] \to [{\mathfrak{X}}_{G}/G^{\circ }]$ is smooth on this set.
Poisson Structures With Compact Support
Authors: Cavalcanti Gil R , Mărcuț Ioan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We construct several Poisson structures with compact support. For example, we show that any Poisson structure on ${\mathbb{R}}^{n}$ with polynomial coefficients of degree at most two can be modified outside an open ball, such that it becomes compactly supported. We also show that a symplectic manifold with either contact or cosymplectic boundary admits a Poisson structure that vanishes to infinite order at the boundary and agrees with the original symplectic structure outside an arbitrarily small tubular neighbourhood of the boundary. As a consequence, we prove that any even-dimensional manifold admits a Poisson structure that is symplectic outside a codimension one subset.
A Short Proof of Allard’s and Brakke’s Regularity Theorems
Authors: De Philippis Guido , Gasparetto Carlo , Schulze Felix 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We give new short proofs of Allard’s regularity theorem for varifolds with bounded first variation and Brakke’s regularity theorem for integral Brakke flows with bounded forcing. They are based on a decay of flatness, following from weighted versions of the respective monotonicity formulas, together with a characterization of non-homogeneous blow-ups using the viscosity approach introduced by Savin.