bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laryngeal cancer patients: Analysis of patient delay at different tumor stages
Authors: Brouha Xavier D. R. , Tromp Debbie M. , de Leeuw J. Rob J. , Hordijk Gert‐Jan , Winnubst Jacques A. M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBackground.The aim of this study was to determine the length of stages (appraisal, illness, behavioral, and scheduling) of patient delay in patients with head and neck cancer and to find out whether these delays were related to the stage of the disease at diagnosis.Methods.Before treatment, 117 newly diagnosed patients with laryngeal cancer were interviewed about their prediagnostic period. To determine the length of the different stages of patient delay, patients were asked about their symptoms, attributions of symptoms, and reasons to postpone medical consultation. A questionnaire was sent to the general practitioner and to a close relative to verify their answers.Results.There was no significant difference in the length of patient delay between early‐ (T1–T2) and advanced‐ stage (T3–T4) disease (9 vs 5 weeks; p = .07). Only tumor site was significantly associated with patient delay. The median total patient delays for glottic and supraglottic tumors were 10 and 4 weeks, respectively (p = .00). Hoarseness/voice change was the most commonly mentioned symptom. Patients attributed their symptom most frequently to a common cold/infection or had no idea about the cause. Medical attention was postponed because symptoms were interpreted as innocuous/benign or the symptom was thought not to be serious enough. The main reason to visit the general practitioner was persistent hoarseness. Behavioral and scheduling delays were of minor importance.Conclusions.Patient delay was significantly longer in cases of glottic cancer, but diagnosis at an early stage of the disease was more frequent among these patients than among patients with supraglottic cancer. Advanced supraglottic cancer probably has a late onset of symptoms. Thus, earlier intervention will probably not result in a significantly higher proportion of small supraglottic cancers being diagnosed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 27: XXX–XXX, 2005
Psychosocial effects in long‐term head and neck cancer survivors
Authors: Holloway Richard L. , Hellewell James L. , Marbella Anne M. , Layde Peter M. , Myers Katherine B. , Campbell Bruce H. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBackground.To identify and rate the importance of several psychosocial and physiologic influences on quality of life (QOL) among a cohort of 5‐year head and neck cancer survivors, we conducted a cross‐sectional study of a convenience sample that used both questionnaires and physiologic evaluations.Methods.QOL was assessed by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT) and the FACT Head and Neck additional concerns (FACT‐H&N) questionnaires. Psychosocial characteristics (or risk factors) potentially influencing QOL were measured by the Millon Behavioral Health Inventory (MBHI) and the Social Support Questionnaire (SSQSR). Physiologic risk factors were measured in examinations that included shoulder and neck range of motion, whole and stimulated saliva measurements, and oropharyngeal swallowing efficiency. We evaluated the association of selected QOL measures with three groups of potential risk factors: psychosocial factors, consisting of selected MBHI and SSQSR scales; physiologic factors, consisting of selected physical ability measures; and a combination of psychosocial/physiologic factors.Results.The entire study population of 105 subjects completed the FACT and FACT‐H&N questionnaires; 86 of these completed the physiologic tests as well. Combined psychosocial/physiologic models best predicted all QOL measures considered. Psychosocial models alone, compared with physiologic models alone, better predicted FACT physical and social/family well‐being measures. Physiologic models alone, compared with psychosocial models alone, better predicted FACT‐H&N additional concerns measures. Premorbid pessimism (MBHI) was consistently the best predictor of QOL measures.Conclusions.Both psychosocial and physiologic factors influence QOL in patients with head and neck cancer, but many QOL measures are most strongly influenced by psychosocial considerations. Physicians and surgeons caring for long‐term head and neck cancer survivors should be cognizant of the importance of psychosocial risk factors in the QOL of their patients. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 27: XXX–XXX, 2005
Spatiotemporal analysis of NO production upon NMDA and tetanic stimulation of the hippocampus
Authors: Takata Norio , Harada Tokiko , Rose John A. , Kawato Suguru 
Published: January 2005

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous neuromessenger. Although increasing evidence reveals significant physiological effects of NO in the hippocampal synaptic plasticity, the spatial distribution of NO production has remained largely uncharacterized due to the poor development of techniques for real‐time NO imaging. In this work, using a NO‐reactive fluorescent dye, diaminorhodamine‐4M (DAR‐4M), time‐dependent heterogeneous NO production is demonstrated in hippocampal slices upon N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) stimulation or tetanic stimulation. NMDA‐induced DAR fluorescence increase in the CA1 was found to be twice that in the CA3 and the dentate gyrus (DG). Intracellular Ca2+ concentration was also investigated. NMDA induced similar Ca2+ responses both in the CA1 and DG, which were approx. 13% greater than that in the CA3. Subsequently, spatial distribution of NO production in the CA1 upon a tetanic stimulation of Schaffer collateral was investigated, because there are contradictory reports on the effect of NO on long‐term potentiation (LTP), and that NO is known to exert various physiological effects depending on its concentration. In the stratum radiatum (sr), DAR fluorescence increase upon tetanus was largest at the vicinity of a stimulating electrode and decreased as a function of increasing distance from the stimulating electrode, suggesting the possibility that the effect of NO in LTP is dependent on the distance between stimulating and recording electrodes. The tetanus‐induced Ca2+ response observed in the sr showed the same but weak distant dependence from the stimulating electrode. Taken together, the observed heterogeneity in the distribution of NO production is suggestive of region‐specific effects of NO in the hippocampus. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of N‐Acetylglucosamine‐Derived Nagstatin Analogues and Their Evaluation as Glycosidase Inhibitors
Authors: Terinek Miroslav , Vasella Andrea 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe gluco‐configured analogue 15 of nagstatin (1) and the methyl ester 14 were synthesized via condensation of the thionolactams 17 or 18 with the β‐amino ester 19. The silyl ethers 20 and 21 resulting from 17 were desilylated to 22 and 23; these alcohols were directly obtained by condensing 18 and 19. The attempted substitution of the C(8)OH group of 22 by azide under Mitsunobu conditions led unexpectedly to the deoxygenated α‐azido esters 24. The desired azide 25 was obtained by treating the manno‐configured alcohol 23 with diphenyl phosphorazidate. The azide was transformed to the debenzylated acetamido ester 14 that was hydrolyzed to the nagstatin analogue 15. The imidazole‐2‐acetates 14 and 15 are nanomolar inhibitors of the N‐acetyl‐β‐glucosaminidases from Jack beans and from bovine kidney, submicromolar to micromolar inhibitors of the β‐glucosidase from Caldocellum saccharolyticum, and rather weak inhibitors of the snail β‐mannosidase. In all cases, the ester was a stronger inhibitor than the corresponding acid. As expected from their gluco‐configuration, both imidazopyridines 14 and 15 are stronger inhibitors of the β‐N‐acetylglucosaminidase from bovine kidney than nagstatin.
Synthesis of Dendritic Metalloporphyrins with Distal H‐Bond Donors as Model Systems for Hemoglobin
Authors: Felber Beatrice , Diederich François 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe report the synthesis of the first‐ (G1) and second‐generation (G2) dendritic FeII porphyrins 1⋅Fe–4⋅Fe (G1) and 6⋅Fe (G2) bearing distal H‐bond donors ideally positioned for stabilization of FeIIO2 adducts by H‐bonding (Fig. 1). A first approach towards the construction of these novel biomimetic systems failed unexpectedly: the Suzuki cross‐coupling between appropriately functionalized ZnII porphyrins and ortho‐ethynylated aryl derivatives, serving as anchors for the distal H‐bond donor moieties, was unsuccessful (Schemes 1, 3, and 5), presumably due to steric hindrance resulting from unfavorable coordination of the ethynyl residue to the Pd species in the catalytic cycle (Scheme 6). The target molecules were finally prepared by a route in which the ortho‐ethynylated meso‐aryl ring is introduced during porphyrin construction in a mixed condensation involving the two dipyrrylmethanes 33 and 34, and aldehyde 36 (Schemes 7 and 8). Following attachment of the dendrons (Scheme 11), the distal H‐bond donors were introduced by Sonogashira cross‐coupling (Scheme 12), and subsequent metallation afforded the dendritic FeII porphyrins 1⋅Fe–6⋅Fe. 1H‐NMR Spectroscopy proved the location of the H‐bond donor moiety atop the porphyrin surface, and X‐ray crystal‐structure analysis of model system 45 (Fig. 2) revealed that this moiety would not sterically interfere with gas binding. With 1,2‐dimethyl‐1H‐imidazole (DiMeIm) as ligand, the dendritic FeII porphyrins formed five‐coordinate high‐spin complexes (Figs. 3 and 4) and addition of CO led reversibly to the corresponding stable six‐coordinate gas complexes (Fig. 6). Oxygenation, however, did not result in defined FeIIO2 complexes as rapid decomposition to FeIII species took place immediately, even in the case of the G2 dendrimer 6⋅Fe(DiMeIm) (Fig. 7). In contrast, stable gas adducts are formed between dendritic CoII porphyrins and O2 in the presence of DiMeIm as axial ligand, as revealed by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The possible stabilization of these complexes through H‐bonding involving the distal ligand is currently under investigation in multidimensional and multifrequency pulse EPR experiments.
Rationale on the Abnormal Effect of Temperature on the Enantioselectivity in the Asymmetric Borane Reduction of Ketones Catalyzed by L‐Prolinol
Authors: Xu Jiaxi , Wei Tiezheng , Lin Shrong‐Shi , Zhang Qihan 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe effect of temperature on the enantioselectivity of the oxazaborolidine‐catalyzed asymmetric borane reduction of ketones was investigated in the presence of (5S)‐3‐oxa‐1‐aza‐2‐borabicyclo[3.3.0]octane (=(3aS)‐tetrahydro‐1H,3H‐pyrolo[1,2‐c][1,3,2]oxazaborole; 1a) and its 2‐methoxy derivative (1b) as catalysts, which were synthesized from L‐prolinol with borane and trimethyl borate, respectively. The results indicate that the two catalysts induce a different temperature‐dependent enantioselectivity. The enantioselectivity of the B‐unsubstituted (5S)‐3‐oxa‐1‐aza‐borabicyclo[3.3.0]octane (1a) increases with increasing temperature, while its B‐methoxy‐substituted derivative 1b shows the highest enantioselectivity at ca. 50°. (5S)‐3‐Oxa‐1‐aza‐2‐borabicyclo[3.3.0]octane (1a) is more likely to dimerize than its 2‐methoxy derivative 1b. The conversion rates of L‐proline to L‐prolinol in the presence of different amounts of borane were also determined in this study.
Occurrence of Stilbene Glucosides in Upuna borneensis
Authors: Ito Tetsuro , Ali Zulfiqar , Iliya Ibrahim , Furusawa Miyuki , Tanaka Toshiyuki , Nakaya Ken‐ichi , Takahashi Yoshikazu , Sawa Ryuichi , Murata Jin , Darnaedi Dedy , Iinuma Munekazu 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFour new stilbene glucosides, upunosides A (1), B (5), C (6), and D (7), were isolated from the stem of Upuna borneensis (Dipterocarpaceae) together with the three known glucosides 3, 4, and 8. Upunoside A (1) is the first natural instance of a glucoside of a resveratrol pentamer, and its aglycone has a dibenzo‐fused bicyclo[5.3.0]octadiene and two dihydrobenzofuran moieties. The relative structure of the aglycone was determined by spectral analysis including 1D and 2D NMR experiments.
Synthesis of Indolones via Radical Cyclization of N‐(2‐Halogenoalkanoyl)‐Substituted Anilines
Authors: Nishio Takehiko , Iseki Kyoko , Araki Norihito , Miyazaki Takenori 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe radical reactions of N‐(2‐halogenoalkanoyl)‐substituted anilines (anilides) of type 1 have been investigated under various conditions. Treatment of compounds 1a–1o with Bu3SnH in the presence of (2,2′‐azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) afforded a mixture of the indolones (oxindoles) 2a–2o and the reduction products 5a–5o (Table 1). In contrast, the N‐unsubstituted anilides 1p–1s, 1u, and 1v gave the corresponding reduction products exclusively (Table 1). Similar results were obtained by treatment of 1 with Ni powder (Table 2) or wth Et3B (Table 3). Anilides with longer N‐(phenylalkyl) chains such as 6 and 7 were inert towards radical cyclization, with the exception of N‐benzyl‐2‐bromo‐N,2‐dimethylpropanamide (6b), which, upon treatment with Ni powder in i‐PrOH, afforded the cyclized product 9b in low yield (Table 4). Upon irradiation, the extended anilides 6, 7, 10, and 11 yielded the corresponding dehydrobromination products exclusively (Table 5).
Graphite/Methanesulfonic Acid (GMA) as a New Reagent for Sulfonylation of Phenols and Thia‐Fries Rearrangement of Aryl Sulfonates to Sulfonylphenols
Authors: Sharghi Hashem , Shahsavari‐Fard Zahra 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA new facile method for direct sulfonylation of phenols was developed. Graphite in methanesulfonic acid (GMA) was used to prepare sulfonylphenols by sulfonylation of phenol and naphthalene derivatives with p‐toluenesulfonic acid (=4‐methylbenzenesulfonic acid) (Table 1) and the thia‐Fries rearrangement of aryl sulfonates (Table 4). Mechanistic studies showed that the sulfonylation reaction of phenols in GMA occurred through an initial sulfonate formation followed by a thia‐Fries rearrangement of the aryl sulfonate by an intermolecular mechanism (Scheme 3).
Protonation Equilibria of Hoechst 33258 in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Ladinig Manfred , Leupin Werner , Meuwly Markus , Respondek Michal , Wirz Jakob , Zoete Vincent 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe bis‐benzimidazole derivative Hoechst 33258 (2′‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐5‐(4‐methylpiperazin‐1‐yl)‐2,5′‐bi‐1H‐benzimidazole) binds to the minor groove of DNA duplexes and is widely used as fluorescent cytological stain for DNA. The neutral compound, 1, is amphiphilic with four basic and three acidic sites. We have determined all seven acidity constants by spectrophotometric titration to define the pH‐dependent distribution of species, from the fully protonated tetracation 14+ to the fully deprotonated trianion 13−, in aqueous solution. The structures of the intermediate protonation states were assigned with the aid of density‐functional calculations. Electrostatic interaction free energies were calculated to adjust the acidity constants of the molecular subunits of 1 to their environment in the species 14+ to 13−. The experimental and theoretical pKa values agree well, but they differ substantially from previous estimates given in the literature.
New Clerodane Diterpenoids from Casearia membranacea
Authors: Shen Ya‐Ching , Lee Cheng Lin , Khalil Ashraf Taha , Cheng Yuan‐Bin , Chien Ching‐Te , Kuo Yao‐Haur 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBioassay‐guided fractionation of an AcOEt extract of Casearia membranacea resulted in the isolation of six new clerodane diterpenes, caseamembrins G–L (1–6). The structures of the new compounds, including their relative configurations, were established by an extensive study of their spectral data, especially 2D NMR. The cytotoxic activities of the isolated diterpenes against human oral epidermoid (KB), cervical epitheloid (Hela), and liver (Hep59T/VGH) carcinoma cell lines were investigated.
Suberoretisteroids A–E, Five New Uncommon Polyoxygenated Steroid 24‐Ketals from the Hainan Gorgonian Suberogorgia reticulata
Authors: Zhang Wen , Guo Yue‐Wei , Gavagnin Margherita , Mollo Ernesto , Cimino Guido 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFive new uncommon polyoxygenated steroids, namely suberoretisteroids A–E (1–5), were isolated from the gorgonian Suberogorgia reticulata, never studied so far. The structures and relative configurations of these new compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectral analysis. This work led to the structural revision of some steroids previously found in the Indian gorgonian Gorgonella umbraculum.
Paneth, IUPAC, and the Naming of Elements
Authors: Koppenol Willem H. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe procedure for assigning names to elements by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry involves establishing priority of discovery, then inviting the discoverers to suggest a name. This protocol is in contrast with the suggestions of Friedrich A. Paneth form 1947, who believed that the discoverers of an element have the undisputed right to name it. This difference in philosophy came to light during a workshop convened 10 years ago for the purpose of naming elements 104–109, when the discoverers of these elements contended that they were solely entitled to name them. During the debate, and in support of the name seaborgium for element 106, it was argued that gadolinium, samarium, gallium, einsteinium and fermium had been named after living scientists. The history of the naming of these elements demonstrates that this is not the case; Glenn T. Seaborg is the first scientist for whom an element was named during his lifetime.
Erythropoietin for the treatment of anemia associated with hematological malignancy
Authors: Littlewood T. J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAnemia is common in patients with hematological malignancy. Most patients will have their anemia attributed to the anemia of chronic disease. The anemia of chronic disease is caused by cytokine mediated suppression of erythropoiesis and low serum erythropoietin levels are found in the majority of patients with cancer. Many of these anemic patients will be symptomatic with fatigue. Data from many studies indicates that treatment of anemic patients with erythropoietin will increase their hemoglobin concentration, decrease transfusion need and also improve their quality of life. A recent study also suggests that improving the hemoglobin level may improve the patients' prognosis but this finding needs to be confirmed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of activity‐based costing (ABC) for a Peruvian NGO healthcare provider
Authors: Waters Hugh , Abdallah Hany , Santillán Diana 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis article describes the application of activity‐based costing (ABC) to calculate the unit costs of the services for a health care provider in Peru. While traditional costing allocates overhead and indirect costs in proportion to production volume or to direct costs, ABC assigns costs through activities within an organization. ABC uses personnel interviews to determine principal activities and the distribution of individual's time among these activities. Indirect costs are linked to services through time allocation and other tracing methods, and the result is a more accurate estimate of unit costs.The study concludes that applying ABC in a developing country setting is feasible, yielding results that are directly applicable to pricing and management. ABC determines costs for individual clinics, departments and services according to the activities that originate these costs, showing where an organization spends its money. With this information, it is possible to identify services that are generating extra revenue and those operating at a loss, and to calculate cross subsidies across services. ABC also highlights areas in the health care process where efficiency improvements are possible. Conclusions about the ultimate impact of the methodology are not drawn here, since the study was not repeated and changes in utilization patterns and the addition of new clinics affected applicability of the results.A potential constraint to implementing ABC is the availability and organization of cost information. Applying ABC efficiently requires information to be readily available, by cost category and department, since the greatest benefits of ABC come from frequent, systematic application of the methodology in order to monitor efficiency and provide feedback for management. The article concludes with a discussion of the potential applications of ABC in the health sector in developing countries. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Utilization of district health services by injured persons in a rural area of Ghana
Authors: Mock Charles , Ofosu Anthony , Gish Oscar 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIntroductionInjury is a significant health problem in many less developed countries. However, strategies for dealing with it have been only minimally addressed.GoalsWe ought to assess the pattern of health care utilization by injured persons in rural Ghana. We thus hoped to provide data that would assist in strengthening injury treatment in this setting.MethodsUsing household interviews, we surveyed 9442 person. We sought information on any injury during the previous year that resulted in one or more days of disability. Injured persons were interviewed regarding the mechanism of injury, treatment obtained and length of disability.ResultsDuring the previous year, 923 nonfatal injuries were reported. Half the injured persons (49%) received no formal medical care. When treatment was received, it was primarily delivered by a non‐doctor staffed primary health care (PHC) clinic. Such clinics provided treatment for 30% of all injured persons (58% of those receiving formal medical care). Twenty percent of the injured received hospital‐based care (39% of those receiving formal medical care). Among those using hospitals, the majority (92%) used district hospitals.ConclusionsIn this setting, efforts to improve injury treatment should include district hospitals and PHC clinics. At both there is a need to advance the concept of ‘essential’ injury treatment services, addressing equipment, supplies and training. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The concept of effectiveness—a blind alley? A study of different interpretations in a Swedish county council
Authors: Axelsson Lilian , Engström Agneta Kullén 
Published: January 2005

AbstractSwedish health care organizations are experiencing pressure to make ever greater efforts to rationalize and to increase effectiveness in the way they plan and provide services. In order to gain a better understanding of the current practice of the three groups of key actors in Swedish health care—politicians, senior civil servants and operational managers—and their perception of effectiveness, a study was carried out in a Swedish county council using both qualitative and quantitative methods. While in general the concept of effectiveness is thought of as crucial, it is not clearly or uniformly defined within the organization. Each of the three groups defines the concept in a way that reflects their own function, which may lead efforts to achieve effectiveness into a blind alley. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coordination and integration of disability services for the elderly: a viewpoint
Authors: Al Mahdy Husayn 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe provision of disability services for the elderly in Australia is fragmented with areas of duplication arising chiefly from disorganized planning with the States and Territories providing certain services independent of Commonwealth contribution. It is suggested that the Commonwealth should be responsible for the complete provision of disability services for the elderly comprising community services and residential care. Private providers competing with each other for efficient provision of such services should be sought with financial incentives in funding arrangements encouraging healthy ageing thereby reducing expenditure in health care in the next decades. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.