bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of the pigment–protein complex LHCBM1 in nonphotochemical quenching in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Liu Xin , Nawrocki Wojciech J , Croce Roberta 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) is the process that protects photosynthetic organisms from photodamage by dissipating the energy absorbed in excess as heat. In the model green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, NPQ is abolished in the knock-out mutants of the pigment–protein complexes LHCSR3 and LHCBM1. However, while LHCSR3 is a pH sensor and switches to a quenched conformation at low pH, the role of LHCBM1 in NPQ has not been elucidated yet. In this work, we combined biochemical and physiological measurements to study short-term high-light acclimation of npq5, the mutant lacking LHCBM1. In low light in the absence of this complex, the antenna size of PSII was smaller than in its presence; this effect was marginal in high light (HL), implying that a reduction of the antenna was not responsible for the low NPQ. The mutant expressed LHCSR3 at the wild-type level in HL, indicating that the absence of this complex is also not the reason. Finally, NPQ remained low in the mutant even when the pH was artificially lowered to values that can switch LHCSR3 to the quenched conformation. We concluded that both LHCSR3 and LHCBM1 are required for the induction of NPQ and that LHCBM1 is the interacting partner of LHCSR3. This interaction can either enhance the quenching capacity of LHCSR3 or connect this complex with the PSII supercomplex.
Increasing buprenorphine access for patients with chronic pain: a quality improvement initiative
Authors: Wesolowicz Danielle M , Spelman Juliette F , Edmond Sara N , Schwartz Amy R , Kravetz Jeffrey D , Edens Ellen L , Becker William C 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Buprenorphine is effective for chronic pain and safer than full-agonist opioids; however, limited education about and support for buprenorphine can result in under-prescribing in primary care and reduced access in specialty pain clinics. The purpose of this quality improvement initiative was to optimize and evaluate procedures for transferring patients stable on buprenorphine for chronic pain from a specialty pain clinic back to primary care.

Setting
Eight primary care clinics within a Veterans Health Administration health care system.

Methods
A standard operating procedure for facilitated transfer of prescribing was developed after a needs assessment and was introduced during an educational session with primary care providers, and providers completed a survey assessing attitudes about buprenorphine prescribing. Success of the initiative was measured through the number of patients transferred back to primary care over the course of 18 months.

Results
Survey results indicated that primary care providers with previous experience prescribing buprenorphine were more likely to view buprenorphine prescribing for pain as within the scope of their practice and to endorse feeling comfortable managing a buprenorphine regimen. Providers identified systemic and educational barriers to prescribing, and they identified ongoing support from specialty pain care and primary care as a facilitator of prescribing. Metrics suggested that the standard operating procedure was generally successful in transferring and retaining eligible patients in primary care.

Conclusion
This quality improvement initiative suggests that a facilitated transfer procedure can be useful in increasing buprenorphine prescribing for pain in primary care. Future efforts to increase primary care provider comfort and address systemic barriers to buprenorphine prescribing are needed.
Exploiting hysteresis in coordination incentives for cost-effective biodiversity conservation
Authors: Drechsler Martin , Grimm Volker 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Conservation payment schemes, typically spatially homogenous, are widely used to induce biodiversity-friendly land use. They can also address habitat fragmentation if a bonus is added to the homogenous base payment when conservation measures are implemented next to other conserved lands. However, if conservation costs differ spatially, the spatial aggregation of habitat can be costly, and the cost-effective generation of contiguous habitats is an issue. Here, we use a stylised agent-based simulation model to demonstrate that land use induced by agglomeration bonus schemes can exhibit hysteresis, meaning that the amount and aggregation of conservation is to some extent resilient to changes in payment levels. This suggests that staggered payment schemes in which a relative large bonus is used to establish a habitat network and lowered afterwards to a level sufficient to sustain the habitat network, may be more cost-effective than a scheme with a constant bonus. We show that low base payments and relatively high bonuses can create hysteresis, and staggered payments based on this design principle can—especially at high spatial variation of conservation costs and long-term time preference in the decision maker—generate cost-effectiveness gains.
Nanoencapsulation of carotenoid extract via the temperature-induced phase transition of triblock polymer in supercritical carbon dioxide
Authors: Wosu Chiziezi I , Harvey Patricia J , Trivedi Vivek 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Carotenoids are increasingly explored as nutraceuticals, but their low bioavailability due to poor aqueous solubility limits their applications. This study discusses the development of a novel and organic solvent-free method to develop carotenoid-containing polymeric nanoparticles via temperature-induced phase transition (TIPT) of pluronic F-68 to obtain formulations with the improved dissolution of carotenoids.

Methods
The nanoencapsulation of carotenoids in pluronic F-68 was performed in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) to avoid oxidative or temperature/solvent-induced degradation. The nanoencapsulates were prepared in scCO2 at 40°C or 60°C and 10 MPa without the aid of any organic solvent. The formulations thereafter were characterised for particle size via dynamic light scattering, particle morphology via scanning electron microscopy and carotenoid content/release via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Key findings
HPLC results showed carotenoid degradation to be negligible in freshly prepared formulations when prepared in scCO2 at 60°C and 10 MPa. The developed particles were spheroidal with sizes ranging between 150 and 250 nm depending on carotenoid content in the preparation. An improvement in the aqueous solubility and storage stability (5°C) of carotenoids was also observed for the formulations prepared in scCO2.

Conclusions
These results suggest that TIPT under scCO2 can be applied to formulate nanoparticulates with improved dissolution rate and stability of thermosensitive molecules such as carotenoids without causing any degradation during the processing.
Correlation between bone mineral density and bone metabolic markers in postmenopausal women with osteoporotic fractures at different C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen levels: a retrospective analysis study
Authors: Zhu Xiaonan , Chen Lin , Pan Ling , Zeng Yuexi , Fu Qiang , Liu Yanbin , Peng Yongde , Wang Yufan , You Li 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to analyze the correlation between bone mineral density (BMD) and bone resorption markers in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis fractures and identify risk factors for second fractures.

Methods
This retrospective analysis of 1,239 older women with fractures with a median age of 70 years who attended Shanghai General Hospital from January 2007 to December 2016, included a first fracture group (1,008 cases) and a second fractures group (231 cases). The risk factors for fractures were analyzed by comparing these groups on clinical characteristics, BMD, and bone metabolism markers stratified by quartiles of serum C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX). Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for second fractures.

Results
In the whole sample, BMD was negatively correlated with age and serum osteocalcin and positively correlated with body mass index (BMI). In women with first fractures, those in the highest quartile of serum CTX had the lowest spine and hip BMD. Second fractures were significantly associated with BMI, lower spine and hip BMD, and higher serum osteocalcin but not CTX. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that high BMI (odds ratio [OR], 1.08 [95% CI, 1.03-1.14]; P = 0.001), low lumbar BMD (OR, 0.24 [95% CI, 0.07-0.82]; P = 0.023), low total hip BMD (OR, 0.05 [95% CI, 0.00-0.88]; P = 0.041), and lack of antiosteoporosis treatment (OR, 2.71 [95% CI, 2.71-4.08]; P < 0.001) were independent risk factors for second fractures.

Conclusions
In older women with fractures, BMD was significantly lower in women with second fractures than in those with first fractures. Higher levels of serum CTX and osteocalcin, which indicates increased bone resorption, were negatively correlated with BMD. In women with a first fracture, serum CTX higher than 605 pg/mL was negatively correlated with BMD, whereas no correlation was found between different CTX and BMD in women with second fractures. High BMI and low BMD as well as not receiving antiosteoporosis treatment were independent risk factors for second fractures.
Comparison of toric intraocular lens alignment between femtosecond laser–assisted capsular marking and digital marking
Authors: Schultz Tim , Hoffmann Sebastian , Dick H. Burkhard 
Published: October 2023

Purpose:
To compare the accuracy of toric intraocular lens (IOL) alignment between femtosecond laser–assisted capsular marking and digital marking.

Setting:
Ruhr University Eye Clinic, Bochum, Germany.

Design:
Prospective clinical trial.

Methods:
In this study, 28 eyes of 23 patients, who underwent femtosecond laser–assisted cataract surgery with implantation of a toric IOL, were included. Intraoperatively, both femtosecond laser–assisted capsular marking and digital marking were applied simultaneously and compared in every case. The toric IOL was aligned to the capsular markings. Postoperatively, the axis of the capsular markings and toric IOL alignment was examined. Visual acuity and refractive outcomes were evaluated.

Results:
Both alignment methods were performed without intraoperative complications in all cases. 25 eyes were included in the final analysis. Misalignment was significantly lower with femtosecond laser–assisted capsular marking than with digital marking (1.71 ± 1.25 degrees vs 2.64 ± 1.70 degrees, P = .016). Deviation from the target axis of the toric IOL was 1.62 ± 1.24 degrees 4 to 6 weeks postoperatively. Postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity was 0.14 ± 0.13 logMAR, and residual astigmatism was 0.3 ± 0.23 diopter (D) with an astigmatism ≤0.5 D in 93% of eyes.

Conclusions:
Both methods showed excellent results for the alignment of toric IOLs. However, femtosecond laser–assisted capsular marking was significantly more precise than digital marking and showed good refractive results. In addition, capsular marking offers the possibility to avoid parallax error and evaluating postoperative IOL rotation.
Multidermatomal herpes zoster triggered by psychological stress in an immunocompetent young adult: a rare case report and clinical insights
Authors: Yogi Tek N. , Bhusal Amrit , Subedi Suman , Katwal Shailendra , Acharya Kshitiz 
Published: October 2023

Introduction and Importance:
Herpes zoster (HZ), a reactivated varicella zoster virus infection arising from dormant viral latency after initial chickenpox, manifests as localized skin rashes along dermatomes. Multidermatomal involvement, especially in immunocompetent individuals, is rare. The potential link between psychological stress and HZ reactivation remains underexplored. The authors present a case of multidermatomal HZ triggered by psychological stress in a young immunocompetent adult.

Case presentation:
A 26-year-old male presented with vesicular lesions spanning C5, C8, T1, and T2 dermatomes, triggered by psychological stress. The disease exhibited a unique midline-crossing presentation. The Varicella zoster virus IgM test result was positive. Treatment included acyclovir, pain management, and stress reduction strategies, yielding complete resolution within 3 weeks.

Clinical discussions:
The case highlights a distinctive multidermatomal HZ presentation, defying conventional dermatomal restrictions. Psychological stress potentially influenced viral reactivation. Immunocompetence and stress interplay merit further exploration. Multidermatomal HZ necessitates prompt clinical recognition and comprehensive evaluation. Antiviral therapy and integrated stress management may contribute to successful outcomes.

Conclusion:
This case underscores the rare occurrence of multidermatomal HZ in an immunocompetent young adult triggered by psychological stress. The atypical presentation and potential role of stress in viral reactivation emphasize the complex interaction between the nervous and immune systems. Integrated clinical management, stress reduction strategies, and antiviral therapy were effective in resolving the condition. Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying stress-induced viral reactivation and its clinical implications.
Antiretroviral drug use and the risk of falls in people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lamichhane Pratik , Koutentakis Michail , Rathi Sushma , Ode Ayomide D. , Trivedi Hirak , Zafar Summiya , Lamichhane Pratima , Gupta Prahlad , Ghimire Rakesh 
Published: October 2023

Objective:
The risk of falls in people living with HIV (PLHIVs) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) has received little attention in the literature. The aim of the meta-analysis is to quantify the association between fall risk and various categories of drugs used in ART.

Material and Methods:
PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were systematically searched from inception to January 2023. Any observational study or controlled trial that reported on the relationship of at least one antiretroviral drug with falls in PLHIVs was included. Data on the frequency of single fallers, multiple fallers (≥2 falls), and non-fallers were extracted and studied for each drug and drug category. The pooled results were reported as an odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results:
A total of five observational studies (51 675 participants) were included out of 414 articles obtained through a literature review. Stavudine use was found to be associated with an increased risk of single falls in PLHIVs (OR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.08–2.66, P=0.02). However, efavirenz (OR: 0.82, 95% CI=0.76–0.89, P<0.001) and zidovudine (OR: 0.82, 95% CI=0.77–0.92, P<0.001) were found protective against the single falls. Didanosine had no significant association with fall risk (OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 0.78–1.93, P=0.37). Likewise, protease inhibitors, integrase inhibitors, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors were discovered to have no significant association with fall risk.

Conclusion:
Most drug categories of ART have no significant association with the risk of falls in PLHIVs. However, certain drugs, such as didanosine and stavudine, which have the inherent effect of causing balance deficits and neuropathy, should be used cautiously.
Fear of a new pandemic: perception and prediction of monkeypox among the middle east general population
Authors: Mahmmoud Fadelallah Eljack Mohammed , Elnaiem Walaa , Abdelwahed Aya Elsayed , Hasabo Elfatih. , Abbas Azza A. , Ahmed Alaa S. , Jobran Afnan W.M. , AbdAlla Mohamed Malaz Tarig , Muhalil Mohammed Gabir , Jagran Idris Leena Mohamed , Bakour Rose Khalid , Eltaib Elseed Lina Zainelabdin , Al Komi Omar , Mugibel Tayba Abdulrahman , Nour Alshareef B. , Ibrahim Howida , Owish Sukar Khalid Abbas , Ahmed Fadi M. Toum , Elkhazin Mohamed Ali Khattab Saeed , Hussien Mohamed Ahmed Khabab Abbasher ,   Middle East Collaborators
Published: October 2023

Background:
Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus, an Orthopox virus. The 2022 monkeypox outbreak provoked fear among the public. Public awareness about the disease could be an important factor in its control. The authors conducted this study to assess the perception and prediction of monkeypox among the Middle East public.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted in August 2022. Data were conveniently collected from eight Middle Eastern countries using an online self-administered questionnaire distributed through educational and social media platforms. Statistical analysis was conducted using R software.

Results:
Approximately 11 016 individuals participated in this study. The participants’ overall knowledge score indicated poor knowledge about monkeypox. Most of the participants knew the causative organism (66.7%). However, numerous participants were not aware of the disease mode of transmission, symptoms, complications, and vaccination. Participants’ awareness was mostly gained from social media (61.8%). The majority predicted acquiring monkeypox when protective measures are not taken (72.7%), progression to a pandemic with economic consequences (50.8 and 52%, respectively), and the ability of the Ministry of Health to control the epidemic (51.5%).

Conclusion:
In the Middle East, public knowledge about monkeypox is poor. Raising awareness about monkeypox would be of benefit in controlling the epidemic. This study constitutes evidence upon which health education programs could be designed.
A rare case of Demons-Meigs’ syndrome with a 7.5 kg giant ovarian fibroma associated with severe dyspnea: case report
Authors: Ali Abdifatah Abdi , Jeannot Baanitse Munihire , Olasinde Anthony Ayotunde , Abdirizak Yusuf , Amin Abdirahin Omar , Muhumuza Joshua , Sikakulya Franck Katembo 
Published: October 2023

Introduction and importance:
Demons-Meigs syndrome is a rare condition characterized by the presence of a benign fibroma of the ovary, ascites, and pleural effusion. It is very uncommon, and the diagnosis is made with difficulty based on symptoms that usually mimic disseminated malignancy or tuberculosis, but imaging may confirm the diagnosis. The definitive treatment is laparotomy, after which the symptoms resolve.

Case presentation:
We present a 36-year-old female with Demons-Meigs’ syndrome with severe dyspnea who underwent an abdominal surgical exploration, which revealed ascites of 1500 ml and an ovarian fibroma weighing 7.5 kg and measuring 12 cm in length. There were no postoperative complications. CA-125 was undetectable at 3 months post-procedure.

Clinical discussion:
The most common symptoms are dyspnea, fever, fatigue, and weight loss. In low- and middle-income countries, patients usually present with late-stage disease. The treatment of choice for Demons-Meigs’ syndrome is exploratory laparotomy.

Conclusion:
This tumor is often misdiagnosed as a uterine myoma on sonography. The symptoms resolved, and the patient became asymptomatic after laparotomy and thoracocentesis. For this reason, when patients present with effusion and an abdominal mass, a thorough assessment should be done to confirm if it is Demons-Meigs’ syndrome, which can be completely cured by the removal of the tumor.
Beyond One's Attitude Toward the Self
Authors: Lavi-Rotenberg Adi , Frishman Noa , Igra Libby , Gilboa-Schechtman Eva , Hasson-Ohayon Ilanit 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Self-stigma is associated with a variety of negative self-perceptions among people coping with schizophrenia, as well as with different aspects of social behaviors. We explored the associations between self-compassion, self-esteem, social anxiety, and self-stigma among people coping with schizophrenia. The baseline data of 56 adults with schizophrenia who were enrolled in a Metacognitive Reflection and Insight Therapy trial were used. Participants filled out self-report questionnaires measuring self-compassion, self-esteem, social anxiety, and self-stigma. Self-esteem and self-compassion were negatively correlated with self-stigma and social anxiety. Self-compassion was not found to contribute beyond self-esteem to the prediction of self-stigma. Importantly, self-esteem and social anxiety were found to mediate the effects of self-compassion on self-stigma. Thus, it seems that social variables, in addition to self-variables, may lead to the formation of self-stigma among people with schizophrenia. Therefore, alongside addressing self-esteem and self-compassion, integrating therapeutic elements related to coping with social anxiety into interventions would seem to be an important factor in reducing self-stigma among people with serious mental illness.
CARD9-Mediated Macrophage Responses and Collagen Fiber Capsule Formation Caused by Textured Breast Implants
Authors: Shoji Miki , Kanno Emi , Tanno Hiromasa , Yamaguchi Kenji , Ishi Sinyo , Takagi Naoyuki , Kurosaka Shiho , Sato Ko , Niiyama Momoko , Ito Akihiko , Ishii Keiko , Imai Yoshimichi , Kawakami Kazuyoshi , Tachi Masahiro 
Published: October 2023

Background:
An increasing number of women are undergoing breast implantation for cosmetic purposes or for reconstructive purposes after breast excision. The surface morphology of the breast implant is a key factor associated with the induction of capsule contraction. The effect of surface morphology on the inflammatory response after implant insertion remains unclear, however. The authors conducted comparative analyses to determine the effect of the textured and smooth surface morphology of silicone sheets.

Methods:
Each type of silicone sheet was inserted into the subcutaneous pocket below the panniculus carnosus in C57BL/6 mice and mice with genetic disruption of CARD9, Dectin-1, Dectin-2, or Mincle. The authors analyzed collagen fiber capsule thickness, histologic findings, and macrophage inflammatory response, including transforming growth factor (TGF)–β synthesis.

Results:
The authors found that textured surface morphology contributed to the formation of collagen fiber capsules and the accumulation of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, and was accompanied by the accumulation of TGF-β–expressing macrophages and foreign-body giant cells. CARD9 deficiency attenuated collagen fiber capsule formation, macrophage responses, and TGF-β synthesis, although the responsible C-type lectin receptors remain to be clarified.

Conclusion:
These results suggest that CARD9 may have a strong impact on silicone sheet morphology through the regulation of macrophage responses.

Clinical Relevance Statement:
Silicone breast implants have been widely used for postmastectomy and cosmetic augmentation mammaplasty breast reconstruction. The authors sought to elucidate the surface morphology of the breast implant as one of the key factors associated with the formation of collagen fiber capsules.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, V.