bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Exergaming on the Depressive Symptoms of People With Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Cheung Daphne Sze Ki , Tse Hau Yi Jodie , Wong Duo Wai‐Chi , Chan Cheuk Yin , Wan Wing Lam , Chu Ka Ki , Lau Sze Wing , Lo Lok Lam , Wong Tsz Ying , So Yee Ki , Cheung James Chung‐Wai , Ho Ken Hok Man 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundDepressive symptoms are common among people with dementia (PWD). Exergaming consisting of combined cognitive and physical training in gaming is increasingly used to alleviate their depressive symptoms in research. With its potential synergistic neurobiological and psychosocial effects on reducing depressive symptoms among PWD, this review aimed to understand its effectiveness and contents.MethodsThis is a systematic review of the effectiveness of exergames on depressive symptoms among older adults with dementia. A search was conducted on 7 May 2024 of the online databases CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed and the China Academic Journal Network Publishing Database (CNKI). The methodological quality of randomised controlled trials (RCT) and quasi‐experimental studies was assessed with RoB2 and ROBINS‐I, respectively. A meta‐analysis of the included RCTs was conducted.ResultsSix studies consisting of four RCTs and two quasi‐experimental studies involving 235 participants with various stages of dementia were included. The meta‐analysis showed a significant overall improvement in depression with a large effect size (SMD = 1.46, 95% CI = −2.50, −0.43; p = 0.006). Despite high heterogeneity (I2 = 91%), all studies demonstrated a trend of improvement in depression after the intervention. The exergames adopted in the included trials had the following elements: simultaneous motor‐cognitive training, a scoring mechanism and a social play. The dose of exergames ranged from 15 to 60 min per session for at least 8 weeks, with a minimum of two sessions weekly. However, the included studies had a moderate‐to‐serious risk of bias. The certainty of the evidence was very low.ConclusionExergames could be effective at improving the depressive symptoms of older adults with dementia. Yet, a moderate‐to‐severe risk of bias shows a rigorous study should be conducted in the future.Implications for Patient CareThis study provides evidence for healthcare professionals and informal caregivers to use exergames to address depressive symptoms in PWD.Review RegistrationThe review was registered on PROSPERO with the reference CRD42022372762.
Effects of welfare reform on maternal engagement and involvement with young adolescents
Authors: Corman Hope , Dave Dhaval M. , Kalil Ariel , Schwartz‐Soicher Ofira , Reichman Nancy E. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigates the effects of welfare reform in the U.S. on positive parenting‐related outcomes and potential pathways.BackgroundThe 1996 welfare reform legislation sharply restricted eligibility for benefits with a strong emphasis on employment over cash assistance. The legislation led to dramatic declines in welfare caseloads and increases in employment. Much less is known about the effects of welfare reform on dynamics within families that affect children.MethodUsing data on low‐educated unmarried mothers in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 linked to information on their 10‐ to 14‐year‐old children, we exploit variations in welfare reform implementation across states, over time, and between treatment and comparison groups to identify plausibly causal effects of the legislation on children's reports of activities with parents and closeness of the maternal‐child relationship. The analytic sample includes 3,172–3,737 observations for boys and 3,089–3,619 for girls, depending on outcome.ResultsWe find modestly negative effects of welfare reform on children's reports of activities with parents and closeness of the maternal‐child relationship, with stronger effects for boys than girls. We find no evidence that the effects operated through employment. However, we found suggestive evidence that decreases in income play a role.ConclusionWelfare reform compromised maternal involvement and engagement with adolescents, particularly boys, which could adversely affect their development and long‐run success.
Exploring Haemodialysis Nurses' Perceptions on Kidney Replacement Therapy Modality Education: A Framework Analysis
Authors: Jaibeeh Barah Elke , Jackson Jennifer 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundMany people with kidney failure start and remain on in‐centre haemodialysis treatment despite evidence of improved outcomes with home dialysis. To make an informed modality decision patients must receive frequent, high‐quality modality education. This education is inconsistent in the in‐centre haemodialysis setting, where patients spend the most time with nurses while receiving haemodialysis treatments.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to examine in‐centre haemodialysis nurses' perceptions around modality education for patients receiving in‐centre haemodialysis using the COM‐B model of behaviour change.DesignWe used framework analysis as a research method, applying the COM‐B model as a theoretical framework to understand nurses' perceptions of modality education.ParticipantsWe interviewed 13 in‐centre haemodialysis nurses in a single province in Canada.ApproachWe completed semi‐structured interviews via Zoom, which ranged from 30 to 60 min.FindingsParticipants reported knowledge deficits, lack of experience or exposure to other dialysis modalities, and lack of resources to support modality education practices. In‐centre haemodialysis nurses reported some factors that enhanced modality education, including strong nurse–patient therapeutic relationships and previous experience in other dialysis modalities.ConclusionsNurses could have a role in modality education but had different views on what this role should be. Nurses faced barriers in modality education such as knowledge deficits, a lack of experience with home modalities, and limited patient teaching resources. Factors that favoured modality education were strong nurse–patient relationships and previous experience with other modalities.
Spatial and temporal analyses of Dermacentor variabilis (Say) (Acari: Ixodidae) in central and eastern Canada
Authors: Nichol Grace K. , Weese J. Scott , Dergousoff Shaun J. , Greer Amy L. , Clow Katie M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDermacentor variabilis (Say) (Acari: Ixodidae) is a vector for pathogens that can impact human and animal health. The geographic range of this species is expanding, but there are some areas with limited up‐to‐date information on the distribution of D. variabilis. Therefore, the objective of this study was to describe the spatial and temporal patterns of adult D. variabilis activity in central and eastern Canada. Ticks were collected from companion animals by veterinary clinic staff. Suspected locations of tick acquisition were spatially projected, and a spatial scan statistic was used to identify statistically significant clusters of frequent submissions from veterinary clinics. Submissions were categorised by calendar week to evaluate temporal trends. In total, 1198 adult D. variabilis, one nymphal D. variabilis and one Dermacentor albipictus (Packard) were collected from the provinces of Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island from April 2019 through March 2020. Peaks in adult D. variabilis submissions occurred in May and June. Most of the submissions were received from south‐eastern Manitoba, eastern Ontario and central and western Nova Scotia. A statistically significant cluster of frequent submissions that included seven veterinary clinics was identified in Nova Scotia. These findings can be used to determine the locations and times at which humans and their companion animals should be considered at an increased risk of exposure to D. variabilis and the pathogens they carry.
Glycoside‐specific metabolomics reveals the novel mechanism of glycinebetaine‐induced cold tolerance by regulating apigenin glycosylation in tea plants
Authors: Huang Shan , Zhang Sasa , Ma Xuejing , Zheng Xin , Liu Yaojia , Zhu Qinghua , Luo Xiaoqin , Cui Jilai , Song Chuankui 
Published: January 2025

Summary
Glycosylation is a key modification that affects secondary metabolites under stress and is influenced by glycinebetaine (GB) to regulate plant stress tolerance. However, the complexity and detection challenges of glycosides hinder our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of their metabolic interaction with GB during stress.
A glycoside‐specific metabolomic approach utilizing cone voltage‐induced in‐source dissociation was developed, achieving precise and high‐throughput detection of glycosides in tea plants by narrowing the target ion range by 94.3%. Combined with enzyme activity assays, exogenous spraying, and gene silencing, this approach helps investigate the role of GB‐glycosides cascade effect in enhancing cold tolerance of tea plants.
Our method demonstrated that silencing betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (CsBADH1) in tea plants altered 60 glycoside ions while reducing GB content and cold tolerance, indicating that glycosylation affects GB‐mediated cold tolerance. By combining glycoside‐specific with conventional metabolomics, isorhoifolin, a GB‐regulated cold response metabolite was discovered, and its precursor apigenin was found to be a new cold tolerance metabolite that enhanced cold tolerance by scavenging reactive oxygen species.
This study reveals a new mechanism by which GB mediated cold tolerance in tea plants through regulating apigenin glycosylation, broadening our understanding of the role of glycosylation in plant cold tolerance.
Metabolic modeling identifies determinants of thermal growth responses in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Wendering Philipp , Andreou Gregory M. , Laitinen Roosa A. E. , Nikoloski Zoran 
Published: January 2025

Summary
Temperature is a critical environmental factor affecting nearly all plant processes, including growth, development, and yield. Yet, despite decades of research, we lack the ability to predict plant performance at different temperatures, limiting the development of climate‐resilient crops. Further, there is a pressing need to bridge the gap between the prediction of physiological and molecular traits to improve our understanding and manipulation of plant temperature responses.
Here, we developed the first enzyme‐constrained model of Arabidopsis thaliana's metabolism, facilitating predictions of growth‐related phenotypes at different temperatures.
We showed that the model can be employed for in silico identification of genes that affect plant growth at suboptimal growth temperature. Using mutant lines, we validated the genes predicted to affect plant growth, demonstrating the potential of metabolic modeling in accurately predicting plant thermal responses.
The temperature‐dependent enzyme‐constrained metabolic model provides a template that can be used for developing sophisticated strategies to engineer climate‐resilient crops.
Threshold Expectile Regressions With an Unknown Threshold for Dependent Data
Authors: Zhang Feipeng , Tu Yundong 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis article introduces a threshold expectile regression model with an unknown threshold for dependent data, which enables simple characterization of nonlinearity and heteroscedasticity in economic and financial applications. Profile estimation is proposed for the unknown parameters, and a sup‐Wald test is developed to test the existence of the threshold effect at a fixed expectile level. Inference issues across multiple expectile levels are further considered, with a likelihood‐ratio‐type test designed to check for the presence of a common threshold value. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate the nice finite sample performance of the proposed inference procedures. Finally, an empirical application demonstrates that the debt‐to‐GDP ratio has a heterogeneous threshold effect on the U.S. growth rate across the growth distribution.
Validity of non‐traditional measures of obesity compared to total body fat across the life course: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Palumbo Alexandra M. , Jacob Chandni Maria , Khademioore Sahar , Sakib Mohammad Nazmus , Yoshida‐Montezuma Yulika , Christodoulakis Nicolette , Yassa Peter , Vanama Manasvi Sai , Gamra Syrine , Ho Pei‐Ju , Sadana Ritu , De Rubeis Vanessa , Griffith Lauren E. , Anderson Laura N. 
Published: January 2025

SummaryIntroductionTraditional obesity measures including body mass index, waist circumference, waist‐to‐hip ratio, and waist‐to‐height ratio have limitations. The primary objective of this study was to identify and review the validity of non‐traditional obesity measures, using measures of total body fat as the reference standard, that have been used across multiple life stages. MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and searched MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO. We included observational studies published from 2013 to October 2023 among “the general population” for any life stage that reported the validity of non‐traditional obesity measures compared to total body fat reference standards. Separate meta‐analyses were performed to pool correlation coefficients and mean differences for non‐traditional obesity measures that were evaluated at multiple life stages. ResultsA total of 123 studies were included, and 55 validated non‐traditional obesity measures were identified. Of these, 13 were evaluated at multiple life stages. Two‐dimensional (2D) digital imaging technologies, three‐dimensional (3D) body scanners, relative fat mass (RFM), and mid‐upper arm circumference had high or moderate validity (pooled correlation coefficient >0.70). Pooled mean differences were small (<6%) between total body fat percentage from reference standards and from RFM, 2D digital imaging technologies, 3D body scanners, and the body adiposity index. Heterogeneity (I2) was >75% in most meta‐analyses. ConclusionNumerous validated non‐traditional obesity measures were identified; relatively few were evaluated at multiple life stages and did not consider health risks associated with adiposity. More research is needed to define valid obesity measures across all life stages that assess health and adiposity.
‘Such a lot of bother’: Qualitative results of a home trial of a wearable electronic vision enhancement system for people with age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: Miller Andrew , Macnaughton Jane , Crossland Michael D. , Latham Keziah 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPurposeWearable electronic low vision enhancement systems (wEVES) improve visual function but are not widely adopted by people with vision impairment. Here, qualitative research methods were used to investigate the usefulness of wEVES for people with age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) after an extended home trial.MethodsFollowing a 12‐week non‐masked randomised crossover trial, semi‐structured interviews were completed with 34 participants with AMD, 64.7% female, mean age 80.2 (±6.0) years, mean distance visual acuity 0.81logMAR (±0.32). Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.ResultsFour themes were developed: (i) early positivity and potential; (ii) you're not good enough: performance barriers of the device; (iii) you're annoying: practicality barriers of the device and (iv) we can fix this together. First, participants expressed joy in an aesthetically appealing device perceived as potentially enabling, different and complementary to their current solutions. Imagined usefulness included not only reading, shopping and television but also resuming abandoned hobbies. The second theme captured performance barriers that restricted numerous activities but were most acutely noted with manipulation tasks. Barriers included image quality, screen size and short‐lived adverse effects. The third theme conveyed the multiple practical challenges that caused annoyance, preventing imagined usage even when performance appeared superior to other solutions. Slow start‐up times and the inability to use wEVES dynamically prevented integration within users' lifestyles. The final theme reflected that wEVES remained a desirable concept, but future iterations require inclusive design methodology to ensure development is directed by consumers' needs.ConclusionsPerformance and practicality barriers limit the usefulness of a device initially seen as desirable. Current devices do not align with users' requirements for flexible use, even when performance is good. Improvements in technology may solve performance barriers, but these changes must be inclusively designed and evaluated to ensure the device integrates more successfully into the lives of users with AMD.
Finite Element Analysis of Proximal Femoral Bionic Nail (PFBN), Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation and InterTan for Treatment of Reverse Obliquity Intertrochanteric Fractures
Authors: Xiong Chen , Zhang Lijia , Wang Yanhua , Zhang Xiaomeng , Chen Xiaofeng , Yu Kai , Zhang Yichong , Fu Huijuan , Ding Zhentao , Zhang Dianying 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveReverse obliquity intertrochanteric fracture is an unstable type of fracture. Current guidelines recommend intramedullary fixation, but there are still complications such as screw removal, hip varus, nail withdrawal, and nail fracture. The objective of this study was to use finite element analysis to compare the biomechanical properties of the novel proximal femoral bionic nail (PFBN), proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA), and combined compression interlocking intramedullary nail (InterTan) in the treatment of reverse obliquity intertrochanteric fractures (AO/OTA 31‐A3.1).MethodsThe three‐dimensional models of PFBN, PFNA, InterTan, and the A3.1 type intertrochanteric fracture model were established by using modeling software such as Mimics and Unigraphics. Different force loads were implemented using ANSYS software to compare finite element biomechanical parameters, such as maximum stress in the implant and maximum stress and displacement at the proximal femur.ResultsIn this finite element study, we found that the distribution trend of maximum femoral stress and displacement in the femoral models of the three internal fixation groups was similar, but the maximum stress and maximum displacement were the lowest in the PFBN group, and the maximum stress of the internal fixation implant in the PFBN group was lower than that in the PFNA group and the InterTan group. The maximum stress and displacement of the femur in the PFNA group were 403.71 MPa and 14.274 mm, respectively, the maximum stress and displacement in the InterTan group were 362.72 MPa and 10.678 mm, and the maximum stress and displacement in the PFBN group were 186.23 MPa and 9.7068 mm. In the internal fixation implant model, the maximum stress of the PFNA group was 1445 MPa, the maximum stress of the InterTan group was 919.62 MPa, and the maximum stress of the PFBN group was the lowest, at 911.77 MPa.ConclusionCompared to PFNA and InterTan, PFBN designed by the “lever – reconstruction – balance” hypothesis can provide better biomechanical stability. It is a feasible choice for the future treatment of reverse intertrochanteric fracture, and additional clinical studies are required to substantiate its efficacy.
Exploring Individual Differences in Interoception Among Athletes Based on a Three‐Dimensional Construct of Interoception
Authors: Zeng Renjie , Shen Haoran , He Yaping , Ge Li‐Kun , Zhao Daliang , Zhu Shijie , Cai Li , Wang Yu , Mehling Wolf E. , Wei Gao‐Xia 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPrevious studies demonstrated that sensorimotor training enhances interoceptive abilities. Athletes are highly engaged in performance‐driven physical training and often incorporate—to varying degrees—sensorimotor training into their routines. In this study, we investigated the role of individual differences in interoception by comparing professional athletes of different performance levels and both sexes with recreational athletes and controls, applying a three‐dimensional model of interoception. Twenty‐six elite athletes, 52 recreational athletes, and 50 college students were recruited from national sports teams, local sports training centers, and local universities. We used the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoperative Awareness (MAIA), the Heartbeat Detecting Task (HDT), and a numeric rating scale based on HDT to measure interoceptive sensibility, accuracy, and awareness. At average, athletes showed significantly higher interoceptive sensibility, interoceptive accuracy, and interoceptive awareness than controls. Elite athletes reported significantly higher scores in all measures of interception compared to recreational athletes. Intriguingly, Non‐Distracting for interoceptive sensibility was positively correlated with the level of experience in elite athletes. Male athletes had better interoceptive sensibility and interoceptive awareness compared to female athletes in the elite group, while no significant sex differences were detected in the other two groups. These results indicated that level of sport experience and sex are associated with differences in interoceptive accuracy, interoceptive sensibility, and interoceptive awareness. It also suggests that interoceptive ability is possibly an experience‐dependent trait for athletic performance, which provides insight for improving sports performance through an approach of enhancing interoceptive ability.
Spatial Movement With Explicit Memory and Nonlocal Pregnancy Delay
Authors: Ding Xiaoxi , Shen Hao , Song Yongli 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn depicting animal movement, besides considering spatial memory, the pregnancy period of the animals themselves should also be taken into account. This article proposes a novel single‐population model with discrete memory delay and nonlocal spatiotemporal gestation delay. Assuming the positive equilibrium is locally stable without spatiotemporal delay, the study investigates two types of directional movements using memory delay and gestation delay as control parameters. The research shows that for the positive memory‐based diffusion coefficient, the system destabilizes through homogeneous/nonhomogeneous Hopf bifurcations, but for the negative memory diffusion coefficient, the system not only undergo Hopf bifurcations but also becomes unstable through Turing bifurcations, and may even exhibit Turing–Hopf bifurcation. Finally, we use a diffusive logistic model with predation behavior as an example to numerically simulate the theoretical results and also discover stability switch phenomena.