bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structurally regenerable high entropy aluminate spinel catalysts for dry reforming of methane
Authors: Datye Abhaya K , Riley Christopher Ryan , Burnside Brandon , Alcala Ryan , Valdez Nichole , Porter Stephen , Huang Wei-Ling , De La Riva Andrew , Salinas Perla , Grant Richard , Rodriguez Mark , Miller Jeffrey 
Published: January 2025

The dry reforming of methane reaction is a promising means to convert two potent greenhouse gases, methane and carbon dioxide, into industrially valuable synthesis gas. However, the presence of reducing gases and high operating temperatures degrade conventional nickel catalysts via excessive coke formation and particle sintering. These catalysts are not readily regenerated because the oxidative heat treatments employed to remove coke further promote active particle sintering. Herein, we designed high entropy aluminate spinel oxides (MAl2O4 where M = Co, Mg, Ni, and divalent site vacancies in nominal equimolar concentration) as selective and regenerable reforming catalysts. Under reaction conditions, reducible nickel and cobalt cations exsolved from the spinel lattice to form highly selective bimetallic particles on the oxide surface. Instead of sintering, these particles uniquely redissolved back into the aluminate lattice upon reoxidation and regained the original spinel structure. This phenomenon is ascribed to entropic stabilization, wherein an increase in configurational entropy creates a thermodynamic driving force for redispersing supported metal particles back into the multi‐cationic oxide structure, which was not seen on the NiAl2O4 sample where Ni sintered during oxidation to burn off coke. High entropy materials thus provide a unique mechanism of regeneration, which is inaccessible in conventional catalysts.
Risk Assessment During Nest Defense Against Three Simulated Predators by Female Northern House Wrens (Troglodytes aedon)
Authors: Eggleston Ross C. , Fornara Josephina H. , Davis Kyle M. , Dong Jess , Reichard Dustin G. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTOffspring predation is one of the greatest obstacles to an organism's reproductive success, but parents vary in the strength of their response to potential predators. One explanation for this variable investment is that defending current offspring has the potential to lower future reproductive success if the predator is also capable of injuring or killing the parent. Northern house wrens (Troglodytes aedon) are cavity‐nesting songbirds that defend against multiple species of nest predators including small mammals, birds of prey, and snakes. Here, we used three different predator decoys: two nest predators—an eastern chipmunk (Tamias striatus) and an eastern ratsnake (Pantherophis alleghaniensis)—as well as a predator of both offspring and adults—a juvenile Cooper's hawk (Accipiter cooperi)—to elicit nest defense and test whether females use risk assessment to modulate their antipredator behavior. We found that antipredator behaviors were not significantly different between the two nest predators, which posed a high risk to the nestlings, but lower risk to the parents, as neither species frequently captures adult wrens outside the nest box. However, female wrens never dove at or attacked the Cooper's hawk, while they frequently attacked both the snake and chipmunk decoys. Neighboring house wrens from adjacent territories were also less likely to respond to the hawk, but more heterospecifics mobbed the hawk than the snake decoy. Collectively, these results show that risk assessment and the strength of the antipredator response varies substantially both within and among species. Female house wrens exhibit plasticity in their nest defense behavior, and they respond to different types of predators in a way that could maximize lifetime fitness while risking the loss of their current offspring.
Investigation of Phenolic Composition and Antioxidant Capacities in Selected Turkish Indigenous Wheat Varieties
Authors: Akram Muhammad Usman , Uğuz Ayşegül Bilge , Uygun Umran , Salantur Ayten , Yilmaz Remziye 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIndigenous wheat varieties continue to be cultivated and preserved due to their climatic adaptability and distinctive flavor contributions to cultural cuisines. This study covers the research gap by investigating the natural bioactive and antioxidant compounds present in Turkish indigenous wheat varieties. To this aim, the phenolic composition, ash contents, and antioxidant capacity were investigated in eighteen different indigenous Turkish wheat varieties (4 monococcum, 3 dicoccum, 4 durum, and 7 aestivum genotypes). An overall comprehensive analysis was carried out using statistical tools such as Heatmap and PCA (Principal component analysis). The results indicated that dicoccum genotype exhibited highest soluble free (49.04 mg) and soluble conjugated phenolics (188.54 mg), whereas aestivum was found rich in insoluble bound (873.89 mg), total phenolic (1058.35 mg GAE/kg dm), and total flavonoid (380.43 mg CE/kg dm) contents. Moreover, monococcum, dicoccum, and durum genotypes exhibited non‐significantly higher total antioxidant capacities compared to the aestivum wheat genotype. In conclusion, indigenous wheat varieties, particularly from the dicoccum and aestivum genotypes, have the potential to be a significant source of phenolic and antioxidant compounds. These findings suggest promising prospects for the selection of indigenous wheat varieties under on‐farm conservation programs for future commercialization and breeding programs.
Sophora japonica Nanoemulsion: Ultrasound‐Assisted Extraction and Characterization
Authors: Younis Mohamed Ibrahim , Xiaofeng Ren , Hesarinejad Mohammad Ali , Abedelmaksoud Tarek Gamal 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSophora japonica, a member of the Fabaceae family, is recognized for its medicinal properties, particularly in traditional Asian medicine. This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of ultrasound‐assisted extraction techniques in obtaining bioactive compounds from S. japonica and to formulate these extracts into stable nanoemulsions with enhanced antioxidant activity. The extraction methods employed included ethanolic maceration followed by ultrasound‐assisted extraction, with the latter producing a total phenolic content of 65.57 mg gallic acid equivalent per milliliter, compared to 51.18 mg for the maceration method. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH scavenging assay, revealing that the ultrasound‐assisted extract exhibited a scavenging efficiency of 67%, whereas the ethanolic extract demonstrated a scavenging efficiency of 59%. The resultant nanoemulsions, formulated from the ultrasound‐assisted extracts, showed an average particle size of 252.92 nm and a zeta potential of −36.68 mV, indicating favorable stability. Visual inspections and peroxide value assessments during a 5‐day oxidative stability study indicated that the water‐based nanoemulsion experienced minimal changes, maintaining its stability, while the ethanolic nanoemulsion exhibited significant signs of separation and oxidation. These findings suggest that ultrasound‐assisted extraction not only enhances the recovery of bioactive compounds from S. japonica but also contributes to the formation of stable nanoemulsions, which hold potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
Impact of Postoperative Radiation Therapy Delay and Treatment Facility Location on Survival in Head and Neck Cancer Patients
Authors: Vivek Niketna , Sharma Rahul , Prasad Kavita , Mannion Kyle , Sinard Robert J. , Langerman Alexander , Rosenthal Eben , Rohde Sarah , Whitaker Ryan , Lockney Natalie , Topf Michael C. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundTime from surgery to initiation of postoperative radiation therapy (PORT) of less than 6 weeks was recently instituted as the first quality metric within head and neck cancer care.MethodsWe performed a retrospective single institution cohort study to investigate predictors of PORT delay and the impact of PORT delay on survival.ResultsPORT delay rate was 73.2%, with a median time to treatment initiation of 51 days. Outside radiation facility treatment was independently associated with increased likelihood of PORT delay (OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.03–3.74, p = 0.043). PORT delay and location of radiation treatment did not impact OS or PFS.ConclusionsIn this single institution study, most patients experienced PORT delay. Patients that were treated at outside radiation facilities were more likely to experience delay. However, PORT delay did not result in statistically significant difference in OS and PFS which contrasts with the current literature.
A Cutting‐Edge Multilayer Nanofiber Wound Dressing: Design, Synthesis, and Investigation for Enhanced Wound Healing In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Bilgiseven Irem Mukaddes , Deveci Ilyas , Kismet Kemal , Karakurt Serdar 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWounds, disruptions in normal anatomy, are classified as acute or chronic. The choice of wound treatment relies significantly on dressing materials. Electrospun nanofibrous materials offer promising applications in wound healing, featuring a substantial surface area, close mimicry of the natural extracellular matrix, and adjustable water resistance, air permeability, and drug release. This research endeavors to formulate an innovative three‐layered nanofibrous wound dressing using the electrospinning technique with the primary objectives of enhancing patient well‐being, exhibiting antimicrobial characteristics, and expediting wound healing. The designed dressing comprises nanofibers of polyurethane (PU), quercetin (Q)‐loaded polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and gelatin. Characterization of individual layers and the integrated wound dressing was conducted through SEM and FT‐IR analyses. The efficacy of the nanofibrous wound dressing was assessed through in vitro human cell culture and in vivo rat wound models. The anti‐toxic effects of nanofiber wound dressing on human epithelial and keratin cells have been proven. In vitro wound models in 24‐well plates were utilized to assess the impact on wound healing rates. Photographic documentation of wound closure was performed at the different treatment hours, revealing complete closure of the wounds by the end of the 48th hour. Rats with 2 × 1 cm wounds were treated with the nanofibrous dressings, and wound healing progress was observed over a 14‐day period. qRT‐PCR was employed to analyze MMP‐9, TIMP1, COL1A1, PDGFA, and VEGFC mRNA expressions. With its contemporary design surpassing existing treatments, the nanofiber wound dressing stands out for its wound‐healing acceleration and antibacterial properties.
Association Between Lung Ultrasound Score and PaO2/FiO2 Ratio in Neonatal Pneumonia: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Liu Manrong , Mo Jinling , Nong Changliang , Huang Lifeng , Zhao Xiaoying , Qin Mi , Ding Ke 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivesLung ultrasonography (LUS) is increasingly used to assess pulmonary diseases due to its safety and convenience. This study aimed to find out the association between the LUS score and the PaO2/FiO2 ratio in neonatal pneumonia.MethodsThis study prospectively enrolled 57 neonates with suspected pneumonia. LUS score (range 0–48) was evaluated by assessing 12 lung regions. The PaO2/FiO2 ratio was calculated by dividing the arterial oxygen partial pressure by the fraction of inspired oxygen from blood gas analysis. Correlations were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient.ResultsBirth weight ranged 1 100–4 500 g (median 2 925 g), gestational age 27–41 weeks (median 37 weeks), and age 1–28 days (median 1 day). The LUS score was significantly correlated with the PaO2/FiO2 ratio (r = 0.758, p < 0.001), arterial oxygen partial pressure (r = 0.731, p < 0.001), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (r = 0.213, p < 0.001), and oxygen saturation (r = 0.196, p < 0.001).ConclusionsOur study demonstrates significant correlations between the LUS score and blood gas analysis indices in neonatal pneumonia.
Optimizing Skin Cancer Diagnosis: A Modified Ensemble Convolutional Neural Network for Classification
Authors: Vidhyalakshmi A. M. , Kanchana M. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSkin cancer is recognized as one of the most harmful cancers worldwide. Early detection of this cancer is an effective measure for treating the disease efficiently. Traditional skin cancer detection methods face scalability challenges and overfitting issues. To address these complexities, this study proposes a random cat swarm optimization (CSO)with an ensemble convolutional neural network (RCS‐ECNN) method to categorize the different stages of skin cancer. In this study, two deep learning classifiers, deep neural network (DNN) and Keras DNN (KDNN), are utilized to identify the stages of skin cancer. In this method, an effective preprocessing phase is presented to simplify the classification process. The optimal features are selected using the feature extraction phase. Then, the GrabCut algorithm is employed to carry out the segmentation process. Also, the CSO is employed to enhance the effectiveness of the method. The HAM10000 and ISIC datasets are utilized to evaluate the RCS‐ECNN method. The RCS‐ECNN method achieved an accuracy of 99.56%, a recall of 99.66%, a specificity value of 99.254%, a precision value of 99.18%, and an F1‐score value of 98.545%, respectively. The experimental results demonstrated that the RCS‐ECNN method outperforms the existing techniques.
Reduced Water Availability to Mothers and Embryos Has Little Effect on Offspring Phenotypes in an Invasive Lizard
Authors: Wayne Sydney M. , Norris M. Christopher , Fargevieille Amélie , Cobb Kerry , Scruggs Cindy , Miracle Jocelyn , Herron Victoria , Hall Joshua M. , Warner Daniel A. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWater availability has critical impacts on numerous physiological functions in all organisms and can have different effects across life stages. For example, water available to reproductive females can influence offspring production, and has the potential to influence how early‐stage offspring (e.g., embryos) respond to moisture in their developmental environment. In this study, we use the brown anole lizard (Anolis sagrei) to examine the effects of water availability on reproductive investment. We tested the hypothesis that water available to mothers influences embryonic development under different levels of moisture in their incubation environment. We demonstrate that a substantial reduction in water availability to mothers (~70% reduction) has no observable effect on fecundity, egg size, or egg hydration. We also provide evidence that our water restriction to mothers does not influence how embryos respond to moisture conditions during egg incubation. However, moisture in the egg incubation substrate positively affected egg water uptake, egg hatching success and hatchling body size (but not hatchling hydration). Overall, our study shows that reproduction in adult female A. sagrei is robust to variation in water availability, but survival during early life stages is sensitive to this variable. Thus, the effect of water availability on different fitness components varies between life stages.
Adaptive Development of Soil Bacterial Communities to Ecological Processes Caused by Mining Subsidence
Authors: Yu Yan , Li Yuanjia , Zhou Jiangning , Zhang Jie , Li Wen 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSubsidence from coal mining is a major environmental issue, causing significant damage to soil structure. Soil microorganisms, highly sensitive to environmental changes, adapt accordingly. This study focused on four areas of the Burdai coal mine: a non‐subsidence area (CK), half‐yearly (HY), 1‐year (OY), and 2‐year (TY) subsidence areas. Using high‐throughput sequencing and molecular ecological network analysis, we examined soil microbial community diversity and structure across these zones, exploring microbial community assembly and functional predictions. Results showed that compared to the control, subsidence areas experienced reduced soil water content, organic matter, available phosphorus, and alkaline nitrogen, with the lowest levels observed at 1 year. These values began to rise after 1 year, suggesting natural recovery after subsidence stabilized. Microbial communities were closely related to soil organic matter, water content, and alkaline nitrogen. At the 1‐year mark, soil property changes significantly reduced microbial diversity, which then began to recover after 2 years. The microbial network during 1‐year subsidence was simpler, with 102 nodes, 179 edges, and an average degree of 3.51, indicating that early subsidence was unstable, and the microbial community was still adapting. By 1 year, community structure and interactions had begun to stabilize. Stochastic processes played a key role in microbial variability during short‐term subsidence.
Determination of soil CO2 Concentration With Two Newly Developed Mobile Measuring Devices
Authors: Löwe Oliver , Thiers Oscar , Weltecke Katharina , Kurth Ezra W. , Gaertig Thorsten 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundCarbon dioxide concentration in soil air is an important indicator of carbon turnover and the soil's aeration status. However, measuring CO2 in soil air using a gas chromatograph (GC) is time‐consuming and expensive.AimThis study presents two newly developed CO2 measuring devices. The first one is a mobile device with an infrared sensor (MiCO2), which enables time‐efficient soil air analyses up to a depth of 25 cm. The second device is a mobile profile probe equipped with CO2 sensors at four different depths (MaCO2).MethodsThe four built‐in sensors (8, 22, 42, and 62 cm depth) operate on the photoacoustic measuring principle and record temperature and soil air moisture in addition to CO2 concentration. MiCO2 offers a cost‐effective and rapid method for assessing the aeration status of the topsoil, enabling quick diagnosis of aeration problems. Conversely, MaCO2 allows for monitoring up to a soil depth of 60 cm, facilitating analysis of the entire aeration situation in the main rooting zone.ResultsComparative tests with a GC have shown that the measuring accuracy of the newly developed CO2 measuring devices is comparable under laboratory and field conditions. Only in highly compacted soils with CO2 concentrations above 5%, that the MiCO2 measurements were lower than those of the GC.ConclusionThe MaCO2 even showed a clear advantage over the GC and MiCO2: Since measurement can be achieved by diffusion, there is no risk of drawing in and measuring soil air from soil layers besides the measurement depth.
Ustekinumab is safe and effective in pediatric patients with Crohn's disease
Authors: Mitchel Elana B. , Dolinger Michael T. , Constant Brad , Wang Zi , Guisado Daniela , Gao Michael , Fusillo Steven , Baldassano Robert N. , Kelsen Judith , Dubinsky Marla , Huang Jing , Albenberg Lindsey 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectivesReal‐world data on ustekinumab for the treatment of pediatric Crohn's disease (CD) are limited. This study sought to evaluate the effectiveness, long‐term durability, and safety of ustekinumab in the treatment of children with CD.MethodsA retrospective longitudinal cohort study of children with CD treated with ustekinumab from two large centers between 2015 and 2020 was performed. The primary outcome was frequency of steroid‐free clinical remission at 1 year. Secondary outcomes included time to steroid‐free clinical remission, frequency of clinical and biochemical remission, drug escalation and discontinuation, serum level data, and adverse events. Standard descriptive and comparative statistics were performed. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with steroid‐free remission at 1 year. Kaplan–Meier curves were used to visualize time‐to‐event relationships for outcomes.ResultsA total of 101 patients were included. Median follow‐up time on ustekinumab was 16.6 months (interquartile range [IQR]: 8.71–31.2) with drug failure in 28% at 1 year. Fifty‐nine patients were in steroid‐free clinical remission at 1 year. Higher baseline disease activity (odds ratio [OR]: 0.91 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.84–0.97), p = 0.01) and stricturing/penetrating disease phenotype (OR: 0.14 (95% CI: 0.03–0.65), p = 0.02) were associated with decreased likelihood of steroid‐free clinical remission at 1‐year. Ustekinumab drug escalation occurred in 70% of patients, and after escalation, 50 (70%) achieved clinical remission, and 49 (69%) achieved steroid‐free remission at the last follow‐up. Adverse events were rare and did not require therapy discontinuation.ConclusionsUstekinumab is effective and safe in the treatment of children with CD. Escalation of therapy occurs frequently but results in sustained durability.
Power ultrasound enhanced the flavor quality of tomato juice
Authors: Guo Jingtong , Wu Lihong , Sun Yujing , Zhang Le , Ye Xingqian 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe loss of flavor in modern tomato cultivars represents a great challenge for the food industry. This study investigated the potential of power ultrasound as an innovative approach to improve tomato juice flavor by releasing bound volatiles.RESULTSIt was found that power ultrasound offered a more viable, environmentally friendly technique for enhancing the aroma of tomato juice compared with enzymatic or acid hydrolysis methods. There were significant differences in the released aromas among these three methods: Ultrasound primarily released alcohols and esters, with the characteristic volatiles being trans‐2‐hexenol and 6‐methyl‐5‐hepten‐2‐one. Enzymatic hydrolysis primarily released glycosides such as alcohols and aldehydes, with the characteristic volatiles being hexanal, 6‐methyl‐5‐hepten‐2‐one, β‐damascenone, methyl salicylate and phenylethyl alcohol. Acid hydrolysis mainly released ketones and alkenes, with the characteristic volatiles being hexanal, 6‐methyl‐5‐hepten‐2‐one, β‐damascenone, methyl salicylate and trans‐2‐hexenol. Ultrasound parameters could be varied to improve the level of flavors of tomato juice with the optimal parameters being 40 °C, 10 min, 600 W L−1 ultrasound density and 50% duty cycle.CONCLUSIONThe present investigation will provide a reference for aroma‐enhancing application of power ultrasound. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Exploring the anti‐inflammatory effects of microencapsulated probiotic bacteria: in vivo and in vitro evaluation in healthy mouse models
Authors: Madali‐Kafes Berna , Parlak‐Yetisen Lütfiye , Dikmen Derya 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBACKGROUNDEncapsulation technology has been extensively employed in recent years to enhance the efficacy and efficiency of probiotics. Nevertheless, existing studies have primarily concentrated on product efficacy, with inadequate scrutiny concerning potential effects on living organisms. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of various encapsulated probiotic strains on inflammatory responses in healthy mice, alongside their in vitro viability. Nissle (EcN) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) were microencapsulated for the study.RESULTSThe differences in serum levels of Total Oxidant Status, Total Antioxidant Status, and C‐reactive protein among the groups were statistically significant (LGG, P = 0.039, P = 0.024, and P < 0.001; EcN, P = 0.019, P = 0.012, and P = 0.037, respectively). The highest levels were found in the control group, while the lowest levels were observed in the microencapsulated group. There were no significant differences in tissue tumor necrosis factor or interleukin‐6 levels for either LGG or EcN.CONCLUSIONProbiotics reduced inflammation‐related parameters in serum of healthy mice. Microencapsulation preserved viability in vitro, but in vivo no significant differences were observed in anti‐inflammatory parameters or body weight between microencapsulated and free probiotics. © 2025 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.