bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinicopathological features and microsatellite instability (MSI) in colorectal cancers from African Americans
Authors: Ashktorab Hassan , Smoot Duane T. , Farzanmehr Haleh , Fidelia‐Lambert Marie , Momen Bahram , Hylind Linda , Iacosozio‐Dononue Christine , Carethers John M. , Goel Ajay , Boland C. Richard , Giardiello Francis M. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractAfrican Americans (AAs) have a 1.5 times higher risk of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) than Caucasians. Gene silencing through CpG island hypermethylation has been associated with the genesis or progression of microsatellite instability (MSI) largely due to 1 target for hypermethylation being the DNA mismatch repair gene hMLH1; there is anecdotal evidence of an increased incidence of MSI among AAs. P16 and hMLH1 can be inactivated by hypermethylation of their respective promoter regions, abrogating the ability to regulate cell proliferation and repair processes. We studied such methylation, as well as hMHS2 expression in colorectal cancers from AA patients to determine if MSI is associated with epigenetic silencing. Experiments were conducted on matched normal and colon cancer tissues from AA patients (n = 51). A total of 5 microsatellite markers (D2S123, D5S346, D17S250, BAT25 and BAT26) were used to evaluate MSI status. P16 and hMLH1 promoter methylation status was determined following bisulfite modification of DNA and using methylation specific PCR, while immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to examine expression of hMLH1 and hMSH2. A total of 22 (43%) cancers demonstrated microsatellite instability‐high (MSI‐H), while 27 were microsatellite stable (MSS) and 2 were microsatellite instability‐low (MSH‐L). Most of the MSI‐H tumors were proximal, well differentiated and highly mucinous. Most patients in the MSI‐H group were females (68%). The p16 promoter was methylated in 19 of 47 (40%) tumors. A total of 7 of these CRCs demonstrated MSI‐H (33%). The hMLH1 promoter was methylated in 29 of 34 (85%) tumors, of which 13 CRCs demonstrated MSI‐H (87%). hMLH1 and hMSH2 staining was observed in 66% and 38% of MSI‐H tumors, respectively. Overall, the prevalence of MSI‐H colorectal tumor was 2‐3‐fold higher, while the defect in the percentage expression of mismatch repair (MMR) genes (hMLH1 and hMSH2) was similar in AA patients compared to the U.S. Caucasian population. Similar numbers of AA MSS tumors with p16 and hMLH1 methylation likely indicate hemimethylation of genes that might reflect environmental or genetic influences that might be more common in the AA population. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adam‐9 expression and regulation in human skin melanoma and melanoma cell lines
Authors: Zigrino Paola , Mauch Cornelia , Fox Jay W. , Nischt Roswitha 
Published: April 2005

AbstractADAM‐9 belongs to a family of transmembrane disintegrin‐containing metalloproteinases (ADAMs) involved in protein ectodomain shedding and cell‐cell and cell‐matrix interactions. However, the specific biological functions of ADAM‐9 are still unclear. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of ADAM‐9 in melanoma in vivo and in melanoma cell lines in vitro. In melanoma ADAM‐9 protein expression appeared to be restricted to the melanoma cells within the invading front. Interestingly, ADAM‐9 protein was detected in the melanoma cells and in peritumoral stromal fibroblasts, while it was absent in fibroblasts distal to the tumor site. RNA analysis of melanoma cell lines with different invasive abilities showed ADAM‐9 expression in varying amounts in all cell lines, independent of their invasive and metastatic capacities. In MV3 melanoma cells, ADAM‐9 expression did not depend on homotypic cell‐cell contact and on cell‐matrix interaction when the cells were cultured on planar extracellular matrix components. However, we observed downregulation of ADAM‐9 mRNA expression upon culture of melanoma cells within 3‐dimensional lattices composed of fibrillar type I collagen, whereas culture within gels consisting of the polysaccharide alginate did not alter transcript levels. These results identified fibrillar collagen type I as a key factor in ADAM‐9 regulation by cell‐matrix interactions. Interestingly, we also observed a 3‐fold downregulation of ADAM‐9 transcript levels upon treatment with interleukin (IL)‐1α, a proinflammatory cytokine known to induce expression of other ADAM and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family members. In summary, our data suggest a novel role of fibrillar collagen and of soluble factors for the regulation of ADAM‐9 expression in vitro. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association of estrogen receptor α polymorphisms with breast cancer risk in older Caucasian women
Authors: Modugno Francesmary , Zmuda Joseph M. , Potter Douglas , Cai Chao , Ziv Elad , Cummings Steven R. , Stone Katie L. , Morin Phillip A. , Greene Deborah , Cauley Jane A. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractEstrogens exert their effect on the breast through the estrogen receptor. We prospectively investigated breast cancer risk associated with 2 polymorphic sites in the estrogen receptor alpha gene (ESR1). A total of 4,248 Caucasian women from the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures were genotyped for the −401 T/C and −354 A/G polymorphisms in ESR1. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations between genotypes and breast cancer. During a mean follow‐up of 12.4 years, 252 (5.9%) women developed breast cancer. The HR (95% CI) for breast cancer were 0.928 (0.708, 1.22) and 0.834 (0.538, 1.29) for the −354 A/G and A/A genotypes, respectively. Interactions with −354 variant were observed for smoking (HR = 1.52 and 1.56 for A/G and A/A smokers, respectively; HR = 0.74 and 0.60 for A/G and A/A non‐smokers, respectively; interaction p = 0.03) and walking (HR = 0.75 and 1.15 for A/G and A/A walkers, respectively; HR = 0.18 and 0.49 for A/G and A/A non‐walkers, respectively; interaction p = 0.01). There were no differences in the HR for the −401 T/C genotypes. An interaction between parity and carriage of the T allele was found (HR = 0.60 vs. 1.12 for nulliparous vs. parous women; interaction p = 0.03). ESR1 polymorphisms in combination with lifestyle factors may be associated with breast cancer risk in older Caucasian women. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of carbonic anhydrase 9–expressing tumor cells in the lymph nodes of vulvar carcinoma patients by RT‐PCR
Authors: Kowalewska Magdalena , Radziszewski Jakub , Kulik Jadwiga , Barathova Monika , Nasierowska‐Guttmajer Anna , Bidziński Mariusz , Pastorek Jaromir , Pastorekova Silvia , Siedlecki Janusz A. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractRegional lymph node status is an important prognostic factor for vulvar cancer. The goal of our study was to elaborate a reliable test for detecting micrometastases, undetectable by traditional methods, in the lymph nodes of vulvar squamous carcinoma patients. For this purpose, carbonic anhydrase‐9 (CA9) was investigated as a cancer‐related marker by RT‐PCR. Firstly, primary carcinoma specimens were examined for CA9 expression by immunohistochemistry with M75 monoclonal antibody. All 19 tissues exhibited a variable degree of staining, which was mostly confined to the plasma membranes of tumor cells. Correspondingly, all primary tumor specimens and the control A‐431 vulvar cancer cell line gave a positive signal in the nested RT‐PCR assay designed to detect CA9‐expressing cells with a high sensitivity. Analysis of 77 lymph node specimens from 20 patients revealed a full correlation between RT‐PCR results and standard hematoxylin–eosin staining in 75% of samples, whereas 25% of specimens were negative by the standard method and positive for CA9 mRNA, accounting for 28% of all histologically negative lymph nodes. There were no false‐negatives with RT‐PCR. A positive inguinal lymph node with a negative sentinel node was observed in the same groin only once in 38 specimens. Our findings clearly indicate potential value of CA9 as a molecular marker for the assessment of regional lymph node status in vulvar cancer patients and support a possible utility of our RT‐PCR assay in the detection of micrometastases. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A high‐fat diet generates alterations in nuclear receptor expression: Prevention by vitamin A and links with cyclooxygenase‐2 and β‐catenin
Authors: Delage Barbara , Bairras Céline , Buaud Benjamin , Pallet Véronique , Cassand Pierrette 
Published: April 2005

AbstractEpidemiologic studies suggest that intake of high energy from fat, inducing overweight, increases the risk of cancer development and promotes colon carcinogenesis. It is therefore important to understand which parameters are affected early on by a high‐fat diet in order to devise and improve protective nutritional strategies. We investigated the effect of high energy/fat intake on colon mucosa of male Wistar rats induced by a single 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine (DMH) injection. Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) were numbered and modifications in cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) and β‐catenin levels assessed. Peroxisome proliferator– and retinoic acid–activated receptors (PPAR and RAR, RXR) are key transcription factors regulating gene expression in response to nutrient‐activated signals. A short‐term study was designed to evaluate whether alterations in mRNA expression of nuclear receptors can be detected at the beginning of the weight gain phase induced by an appetizing hyperlipidic diet (HLD). HLD consumption induced early downregulation of PPARγ (−33.1%) and RARβ (−53.1%) mRNA expression concomitant with an increase in levels of COX‐2 (+45.5%) and β‐catenin (+84.56%) and in the number of ACF (191.56 ± 88.60 vs. 21.14 ± 11.64, p < 0.05). These findings suggest that HLD increases ACF occurrence, possibly through alterations in the mRNA expression profile of nuclear receptors. Moreover, the use HLD rich in retinyl esters or supplemented with all‐trans retinoic acid led to a reduction in the number of ACF. Vitamin A also prevented HLD‐induced alterations and the increase in levels of COX‐2 and β‐catenin. The present observations show a protective role for vitamin A against disturbances associated with HLD exposure in induced colon carcinogenesis. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Studies of a vascular‐acting photosensitizer, Pd‐bacteriopheophorbide (Tookad), in normal canine prostate and spontaneous canine prostate cancer
Authors: Huang Zheng , Chen Qun , Luck David , Beckers Jill , Wilson Brian C. , Trncic Nadira , LaRue Susan M. , Blanc Dominique , Hetzel Fred W. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) mediated with Tookad (Pd‐bacteriopheophorbide, WST09) was investigated pre‐clinically as part of a program to develop an alternative modality for treating prostate cancer.Study Design/Materials and MethodsSpontaneous canine prostate cancer and normal canine prostate were used as the animal models. Interstitial PDT was performed by IV infusion of the photosensitizer and irradiating the prostates with a diode laser (763 nm). The prostates were harvested 1‐week post‐PDT and subjected to histopathologic examinations. The effects of the drug doses and light doses were studied for one‐ and two‐session PDT. Pharmacokinetics were studied using HPLC assay. The feasibility of using perfusing CT scans for assessing PDT lesions was also evaluated.ResultsTookad is a vascular‐acting drug and clears rapidly from the circulation. Tookad‐PDT‐induced lesions, in both normal and cancerous prostates, were characterized by marked hemorrhagic necrosis.ConclusionsTookad‐PDT is very effective in ablating prostatic tissue through its vascular effects. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reorganization of cytoskeleton induced by 5‐aminolevulinic acid‐mediated photodynamic therapy and its correlation with mitochondrial dysfunction
Authors: Tsai Jui‐Chang , Wu Chia‐Lun , Chien Hsiung‐Fei , Chen Chin‐Tin 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThis study investigated the early cellular events which occurred after mitochondrial photodamage induced by 5‐aminolevulinic acid‐mediated photodynamic therapy (ALA‐PDT).Study Design/Materials and MethodsSubcellular localization of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in NIH3T3 cells was studied by confocal microscopy. Mitochondrial damage was assessed by measuring mitochondrial transmembrane potential and ATP contents, and confirmed by characteristic appearance on transmission electron microscopy. Cellular adhesion was measured by the level of resistance to trypsinization. Cytoskeletal studies were performed by fluorescent staining of cytoskeletal components.ResultsFollowing ALA‐PDT, mitochondrial damage was found in NIH3T3 cells as judged by the decrease of membrane potential and ATP contents. Mitochondrial photodamage was futher confirmed by electron microscopy. Resistance to trypsinization after ALA‐PDT was shown to be light dose‐dependent. The increase of cellular adhesion after ALA‐PDT was correlated with mitochondrial photodamage and reorganization of cytoskeletal components in NIH3T3 cells.ConclusionsThis study has demonstrated that mitochondrial dysfunctions induced by ALA‐PDT results in alterations of cellular morphology and cellular adhesion. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A nonself‐adjoint singular Sturm–Liouville problem with a spectral parameter in the boundary condition
Authors: Allahverdiev Bilender P. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe consider nonself‐adjoint singular Sturm–Liouville boundary‐value problems in the limit‐circle case with a spectral parameter in the boundary condition. The approach is based on the use of the maximal dissipative operator, and the spectral analysis of this operator is adequate for the boundary‐value problem. We construct a self‐adjoint dilation of the maximal dissipative operator and its incoming and outgoing spectral representations that make it possible to determine the scattering matrix of the dilation. We also construct a functional model of the dissipative operator and specify its characteristic function in terms of solutions of the corresponding Sturm–Liouville equation. On the basis of the results obtained regarding the theory of the characteristic function, we prove theorems on completeness of the system of eigenvectors and associated vectors of the dissipative operator and the Sturm–Liouville boundary‐value problem. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the geometry of generalized inverses
Authors: Andruchow E. , Corach G. , Mbekhta M. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe study the set S = {(a, b) ∈ A × A : aba = a, bab = b} which pairs the relatively regular elements of a Banach algebra A with their pseudoinverses, and prove that it is an analytic submanifold of A × A. If A is a C*‐algebra, inside S lies a copy the set ℐ of partial isometries, we prove that this set is a C∞ submanifold of S (as well as a submanifold of A). These manifolds carry actions from, respectively, GA × GA and UA × UA, where GA is the group of invertibles of A and UA is the subgroup of unitary elements. These actions define homogeneous reductive structures for S and ℐ (in the differential geometric sense). Certain topological and homotopical properties of these sets are derived. In particular, it is shown that if A is a von Neumann algebra and p is a purely infinite projection of A, then the connected component ℐp of p in ℐ is simply connected. If 1 – p is also purely infinite, then ℐp is contractible. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Schur complements in C*‐algebras
Authors: Cvetković‐Ilić Dragana S. , Djordjević Dragan S. , Rakočević Vladimir 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIn this paper we introduce and study Schur complement of positive elements in a C*‐algebra and prove results on their extremal characterizations. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fully summingmultilinear and holomorphicmappings into Hilbert spaces
Authors: Pellegrino Daniel , Souza Marcela 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIt is known that whenever E1, … , En are infinite dimensional L∞‐spaces and F is any infinite dimensional Banach space, there exists a bounded n‐linear mapping from E1 × … × En into F that fails to be absolutely (1; 2)‐summing. In this paper we generalize a theorem of S. Kwapién and obtain a sufficient condition in order to assure that a given n‐linear mapping T from infinite dimensional L∞‐spaces into an infinite dimensional Hilbert space is absolutely (1; 2)‐summing. Besides, we also give a sufficient condition in order to obtain a fully (1; 1)‐summing multilinear mapping from l1 ×…× l1 × l2 into an infinite dimensional Hilbert space. In the last section we introduce the concept of fully summing holomorphic mappings and give the first examples of this kind of map. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Viscosity solutions to the degenerate oblique derivative problem for fully nonlinear elliptic equations
Authors: Popivanov P. , Kutev N. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIn this paper we prove a comparison principle between the semicontinuous viscosity sub‐ and supersolutions of the tangential oblique derivative problem and the mixed Dirichlet–Neumann problem for fully nonlinear elliptic equations. By means of the comparison principle, the existence of a unique viscosity solution is obtained. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Some properties of Morrey type Besov–Triebel spaces
Authors: Tang Lin , Xu Jingshi 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIn this paper, the authors discuss some basic properties of Morrey type Besov–Triebel spaces. The authors also give the boundedness of some operators which including pseudo‐differential operators of the Hörmander class Φ . (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Theory of Shear‐Thickening in Transient Networks of Associating Polymers
Authors: Indei Tsutomu , Koga Tsuyoshi , Tanaka Fumihiko 
Published: April 2005

AbstractSummary: Shear‐thickening phenomena observed in thermo‐reversible gels of telechelic associating polymers are theoretically studied on the basis of the transient network model. Non‐linear tension due to over‐stretching of the middle chain leads to thickening, if the coupling constant g of the end‐chain dissociation rate to the middle chain tension fulfills a certain condition. We give the condition for thickening in terms of the molecular parameters.The thickening phase diagram: The region below each curve leads to thickening, whereas the region above the curve causes thinning for each molecular weight.imageThe thickening phase diagram: The region below each curve leads to thickening, whereas the region above the curve causes thinning for each molecular weight.
The Dubowitz neurological examination of the full‐term newborn
Authors: Dubowitz Lilly , Ricciw Daniela , Mercuri Eugenio 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIn an ideal world, each neonate should have a comprehensive neurological examination but in practice this is often difficult. In this review we will describe what a routine neurological evaluation in the full‐term neonate should consist of and how the Dubowitz examination is performed. The examination has been used for over 20 years and can be easily performed in a short time as the recording sheet provides simple instructions together with simple diagrams to make the recording and the scoring easier. We will also indicate how the examination can be used to identify infants with neurological abnormalities, describing clinical signs which can help to differentiate infants with peripheral neuromuscular disorders from those with central nervous system involvement. The correlation between clinical and imaging findings in infants with neonatal brain lesions will also be reported. Finally we will briefly describe how and when to apply an optimality scoring system in a research setting. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MRDD Research Reviews 2005;11:52–60.
A comparison of developmental assessments of the newborn and young infant
Authors: Majnemer Annette , Snider Laurie 
Published: April 2005

AbstractNeonatal neurobehavioral assessments describe a newborn's spontaneous behavioural repertoire and observable responses to environmental stimuli. Infant developmental assessments document the range of developmental skills that emerge and develop over the first years of life. This review highlights two neonatal assessments (Einstein Neonatal Neurobehavioral Assessment Scale, Neurobehavioral Assessment of the Preterm Infant) and two infant assessments (Alberta Infant Motor Scale, Test of Infant Motor Performance). A general description of these tests is followed by their content and psychometric properties. These standardized tests of neurologic integrity are useful in characterizing current developmental status and in monitoring change in performance over time. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MRDD Research Reviews 2005;11:68–73.
The Assessment of Preterm Infants' Behavior (APIB): Furthering the understanding and measurement of neurodevelopmental competence in preterm and full‐term infants
Authors: Als Heidelise , Butler Samantha , Kosta Sandra , McAnulty Gloria 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe Assessment of Preterm Infants' Behavior (APIB) is a newborn neurobehavioral assessment appropriate for preterm, at risk, and full‐term newborns, from birth to 1 month after expected due date. The APIB is based in ethological–evolutionary thought and focuses on the assessment of mutually interacting behavioral subsystems in simultaneous interaction with the environment. The subsystems of functioning assessed include the autonomic (respiration, digestion, color), motor (tone, movement, postures), state organization (range, robustness, transition patterns), attention (robustness, transitions), and self‐regulation (effort, success) systems as well as the degree of facilitation required to support reorganization and subsystem balance. The environment is represented by a sequence of distal, proximal, tactile, and vestibular challenges, derived from the BNBAS. The APIB conceptualizes infant competence as the degree of differentiation of subsystem function and degree of modulation of subsystem balance at any stage in infant development. Infants are understood as actively seeking their next differentiation, while counting on good enough environments to assure progressing developmental competence. In the case of interference such as premature birth, the mismatch of expectation and actual experience causes misalignment, which may become developmentally costly. The assessment is a finely tuned dialogue between examiner and infant, which requires training, skill and self‐knowledge. The APIB has well established inter‐rater‐reliability, concurrent and construct validity, and is clinically relevant for behavioral intervention and individually appropriate and supportive care. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MRDD Research Reviews 2005;11:94–102.