bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Valuation of domestic work: Construction of stay‐at‐home motherhood among elite Chinese migrants in Singapore
Authors: Mu Zheng , Oh Eunsil 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study contributes to the literature on migration, motherhood, and work by exploring how migrant stay‐at‐home mothers view and interpret the values of the unpaid work that they are conducting. Using semi‐structured in‐depth interviews with 36 college‐educated Chinese stay‐at‐home mothers in Singapore, we demonstrate migrant mothers' agency, efforts, and strategies in valuing domestic work and their stay‐at‐home mother status. Drawing on their migration status and relatively privileged educational backgrounds, elite migrant mothers re‐imagine and construct values of stay‐at‐home motherhood by framing their role as productive workers and by linking private and public spheres. Findings demonstrate four distinctive yet related processes that shape how mothers value and validate their domestic work and current status: emphasizing the agentic nature of their work decision, framing their maternal practice as having high quality, identifying the merits of current stay‐at‐home motherhood experiences on their future career pathway, and constructing a shared value of domestic work with their spouses. In the end, this study highlights the importance of going beyond the separate‐spheres ideology in understanding how skilled migrant mothers construct the productive meaning of their stay‐at‐home motherhood.
The relationship between skeletal muscle mass and exercise capacity in patients undergoing hemodialysis: An exploratory secondary‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Xuanrui , Zhuang Yan , Qin Wen , Yang Lun , Song Yan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundProtein‐energy wasting is commonly observed in patients undergoing hemodialysis, leading to reduced muscle mass and, in severe cases, sarcopenia, which significantly impacts the patients' quality of life and clinical outcomes. Exercise interventions are frequently employed to address muscle loss in these patients. However, the relationship between exercise capacity and skeletal muscle mass in this context remains uncertain. In this study, researchers conducted a series of body composition analysis and exercise capacity test to explore the relationship between exercise capacity and skeletal muscle mass.MethodsThis study recruited 32 patients undergoing hemodialysis and analyzed their demographic and clinical parameters. To assess aerobic exercise capacity, the incremental shuttle walking test (ISWT) was conducted, while the handgrip strength test was used to evaluate muscle strength. The patients' body compositions were assessed using the Fresenius Body Composition Monitor, and the appendicular skeletal muscle was scanned using a GE Healthcare Lunar iDXA scanner. Three sequential linear models were employed to model the relationship between ISWT and skeletal muscle mass. Model 1 regressed ISWT against gender and age; Model 2 added handgrip strength, fat tissue index, and Davies comorbidity scores as additional predictors; and Model 3 further included the appendicular skeletal muscle index (appendicular skeletal muscle/height).FindingsAfter controlling for age and gender (Model 1: R2 = 0.373), and subsequently including handgrip strength, fat tissue index, and Davies comorbidity score effects (Model 2: R2 = 0.581), the impact of appendicular skeletal muscle on ISWT was found to be non‐significant (Model 3: R2 = 0.600).ConclusionThere was no significant correlation observed between exercise capacity and skeletal muscle mass in patients undergoing hemodialysis, indicating the factors influencing exercise capacity in this patient population are complex and that increasing skeletal muscle mass may not necessarily involve solely addressing the improvement of exercise capacity.
Witnessing bullying at work: Employee silence in higher education institutions
Authors: Mazzone Angela , Karakolidis Anastasios , Pitsia Vasiliki , Freeney Yseult , O’Higgins Norman James 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWorkplace bullying is a widespread phenomenon within Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). Employee tendency to remain silent is one of the most common reactions to workplace bullying. Yet, employee silence in the context of workplace bullying is poorly studied. Building on the Conservation of Resources Theory (COR) and the Learned Helplessness Theory (LHT), this study investigated employee reluctance to take action when witnessing workplace bullying (employee silence). The sample comprised 560 employees working in 20 HEIs in Ireland. Respondents filled out a survey measuring employee silence, victimisation, and team psychological safety. Results showed a negative association between team psychological safety and employee silence, indicating a reluctance to report bullying among respondents with low levels of team psychological safety. In line with the COR and the LHT, a positive association was found between victimisation and employee silence. The paper concludes with a discussion of possible actions for bullying prevention in HEIs.
Experiences and perceptions of continuous deep sedation: An interview study among Dutch patients and relatives
Authors: Jonker Louise Annemoon , Heijltjes Madelon T. , Rietjens Judith A. C. , van der Heide Agnes , Hendriksen Geeske , van Delden Johannes J. M. , van Thiel Ghislaine J. M. W. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of continuous deep sedation (CDS) has more than doubled over the last decade in The Netherlands, while reasons for this increase are not fully understood. Patients and relatives have an essential role in deciding on CDS. We hypothesize that the increase in CDS practice is related to the changing role of patients and relatives in deciding on CDS.ObjectiveTo describe perceptions and experiences of patients and relatives with regard to CDS. This insight may help professionals and policymakers to better understand and respond to the evolving practice of CDS.MethodsQualitative interviews were held with patients and relatives who had either personal experience with CDS as a relative or had contemplated CDS for themselves.ResultsThe vast majority of respondents appreciated CDS as a palliative care option, and none of the respondents reported (moral) objections to CDS. The majority of respondents prioritized avoiding suffering at the end of life. The patients and families generally considered CDS a palliative care option for which they can choose. Likewise, according to our respondents, the decision to start CDS was made by them, instead of the physician. Negative experiences with CDS care were mostly related to loss of sense of agency, due to insufficient communication or information provision by healthcare professionals. Lack of continuity of care was also a source of distress. We observed a variety in the respondents' understanding of the distinction between CDS and other end‐of‐life care decisions, including euthanasia. Some perceived CDS as hastening death.ConclusionThe traditional view of CDS as a last resort option for a physician to relieve a patient's suffering at the end of life is not explicit among patients and relatives. Instead, our results show that they perceive CDS as a regular palliative care option. Along with this normalization of CDS, patients and relatives claim a substantial say in the decision‐making and are mainly motivated by a wish to avoid suffering and exercise control at the end of life. These distinct views on CDS of patients, their relatives and healthcare providers should be reconciled in guidelines and protocols for CDS.Patient or Public ContributionOne of the authors in our team (G. H.) has experience with CDS as a relative and ensured that the patient/relative viewpoint was adequately reflected in the design and conduct of our study. In the preliminary phase of our study, G. H. adjusted the topic list so it was better adapted to the current practice of CDS. During the data analysis, G. H. read several interviews and took part in the open and critical discussion on central themes and core concepts as an important member of the author team, thereby guaranteeing the central position of the patient/relative perspective in our final research outcome.
Calcium hypochlorite cytotoxicity mechanism in fibroblasts and effect on osteoblast mineralization
Authors: Coaguila‐Llerena Hernán , Ochoa‐Rodríguez Victor Manuel , Passos Barbieri Isadora , Ramos Simone Gusmão , Faria Gisele 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimTo determine the cytotoxicity mechanism of 2.5% calcium hypochlorite [Ca(OCl)2] in L929 fibroblasts and the effect of this solution on human osteoblast‐like cells (Saos‐2) mineralization, compared to that of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl).MethodologyL929 fibroblasts were exposed to Ca(OCl)2 and NaOCl at different dilutions for 10 min. Cell metabolism was assessed by methyl‐thiazole‐tetrazolium (MTT); lysosome integrity, by neutral red (NR) assay; type of cell death, by flow cytometry (apoptosis/necrosis); cytoskeleton, by actin and α‐tubulin fluorescence and cell ultrastructure, by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralized nodule formation were determined in Saos‐2 by thymolphthalein release and alizarin red staining (ARS), respectively. The data were analysed by two‐way anova and Bonferroni's post‐test (α = .05).ResultsCa(OCl)2 promoted higher cell viability and a lower percentage of apoptosis and necrosis than NaOCl (p < .05). Ca(OCl)2 and NaOCl decreased cell metabolism and lysosome integrity, induced the breakdown of microtubules and actin filaments, promoted alterations of rough endoplasmic reticulum and disruption of mitochondrial cristae. Additionally, Ca(OCl)2 did not induce ALP activity and had no effect on mineralized nodules formation.ConclusionsAlthough Ca(OCl)2 and NaOCl promoted the same cytotoxicity mechanism, Ca(OCl)2 was less cytotoxic than NaOCl. As for ALP activity, no differences were observed between NaOCl and Ca(OCl)2. The production of mineralized nodules induced by Ca(OCl)2 was lower than those induced by NaOCl, but was not different from those induced by the control group.
Outcome of single‐visit root canal treatment with or without MTAD: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Yildiz Berkcan , Dumani Aysin , Isci Adile Sehnaz , Sisli Selen Nihal , Tumani Ustdal Berkhas , Yoldas Oguz 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimThis study aimed to investigate 2‐year changes in periapical trabecular patterns in single‐rooted teeth with apical periodontitis using fractal analysis and periapical index (PAI) after root canal treatment performed with or without BioPure MTAD solution.MethodologyIn this randomized clinical trial, 100 patients were selected and randomized to either the BioPure MTAD or the control groups. Initial periapical radiographs were obtained for each participant before and 2 years after root canal treatment. The region of interest in the periapical lesion around the root apex was selected from the paired periapical radiographs, and then, the fractal dimension (FD) was calculated. With regards to the classification of periapical status, PAI was labelled as “healed” (PAI ≤ 2) or “unhealed” (PAI ≥ 3).ResultsAfter 24 months, 28 patients did not comply with the follow‐up and the data of 72 patients were compared. When the initial and the follow‐up PAI scores were compared, the decrease was statistically significant in 33 of 37 teeth (89.2%) and 32 of 35 teeth (91.4%) in the BioPure MTAD and control group, respectively. In both groups, statistically significant increases were observed in FD values after 2 years in all patients (p < .001). No significant difference was found between the two groups amongst decreased PAI scores and increased FD values.ConclusionsRoot canal treatments with or without BioPure MTAD irrigation contributed to periapical healing in single‐visit root canal treatment. Two years after root canal treatment, the extent of the periapical trabecular bone radiographically increased, as the FD and PAI data revealed.
The mechanical properties and electronic structures of V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni atoms doped MoCoB by first‐principles calculation
Authors: Xin Yongfeng , Zhang Tong , Yan Hong , Yin Haiqing 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMoCoB‐based cermets have been regarded as the potential substitution of WC cermets with high hardness, high melting point and high oxidation resistance. Ternary borides‐based cermets are widely used in extreme environment, such as high‐pressure environment. Therefore, it is significant to explore the mechanical properties and electronic structures of transition elements X (X = V, Mn, Fe, Ni) atoms doped MoCoB under high pressure, which are performed by first‐principles calculations to provide guidance for industry applications. The analysis of cohesive energy and formation enthalpy indicates high pressure leads to unstable states with lower lattice constants and crystal volumes. The deviation of cohesive energy and formation enthalpy indicate Mo4Co3FeB4 and Mo4Co3NiB4 have similar stability. The shear modulus, Young's modulus and bulk modulus increase under high pressure, which consists with the increasing of covalence. The variation of ductility and anisotropy indicate similar upward trend, which is verified by Poisson's ratio, B/G ratio and anisotropy index AU. The analysis of overlap population indicates high pressure leads to the increasing of covalence of B‐Co covalent bonds and the decreasing of the covalence of B‐Mo covalent bonds. The analysis of electronic structures indicates the high pressure leads to higher hybridization and lower density of states of metallic bonds. The analysis of charge density difference consists with the variation of mechanical properties, implying shorter bond length and higher bonds strength under high pressure.
Expansion of the genetic toolbox for manipulation of the global crop pest Drosophila suzukii: Isolation and assessment of eye colour mutant strains
Authors: Yadav Amarish K. , Asokan Ramasamy , Yamamoto Akihiko , Patil Anandrao A. , Scott Maxwell J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDrosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), commonly called spotted wing Drosophila, is an important agricultural pest recognised worldwide. D. suzukii is a pest of soft‐skinned fruits as females can lay eggs in ripening fruit before harvest. While strains for genetic biocontrol of D. suzukii have been made, the development of transgenic D. suzukii strains and their further screening remain a challenge partly due to the lack of phenotypically trackable genetic‐markers, such as those widely used with the model genetic organism D. melanogaster. Here, we have used CRISPR/Cas9 to introduce heritable mutations in the eye colour genes white, cinnabar and sepia, which are located on the X, second and third chromosomes, respectively. Strains were obtained, which were homozygous for a single mutation. Genotyping of the established strains showed insertion and/or deletions (indels) at the targeted sites. A strain homozygous for mutations in cinnabar and sepia showed a pale‐yellow eye colour at eclosion but darkened to a sepia colour after a week. The fecundity and fertility of some of the cinnabar and sepia strains were comparable with the wild type. Although white mutant males were previously reported to be sterile, we found that sterility is not fully penetrant and we have been able to maintain white‐eyed strains for over a year. The cinnabar, sepia and white mutant strains developed in this study should facilitate future genetic studies in D. suzukii and the development of strains for genetic control of this pest.
Molecular insights into the HLA‐B35 molecules' classification associated with HIV control
Authors: Lobos Christian A , Chatzileontiadou Demetra SM , Sok Bonin , Almedia Coral‐Ann , Halim Hanim , D'Orsogna Lloyd , Gras Stephanie 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHuman leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules have been shown to influence the immune response to HIV infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome progression. Polymorphisms within the HLA‐B35 molecules divide the family into two groups, namely, Px and PY. The Px group is associated with deleterious effects and accelerated disease progression in HIV+ patients, whereas the PY group is not. The classification is based on the preferential binding of a tyrosine at the C‐terminal part of the peptide in the PY group, and a nontyrosine residue in the Px group. However, there is a lack of knowledge on the molecular differences between the two groups. Here, we have investigated three HLA‐B35 molecules, namely, HLA‐B*35:01 (PY), HLA‐B*35:03 (Px) and HLA‐B*35:05 (unclassified). We selected an HIV‐derived peptide, NY9, and demonstrated that it can trigger a polyfunctional CD8+ T‐cell response in HLA‐B*35:01+/HIV+ patients. We determined that in the complex with the NY9 peptide, the PY molecule was more stable than the Px molecule. We solved the crystal structures of the three HLA molecules in complex with the NY9 peptide, and structural similarities with HLA‐B*35:01 would classify the HLA‐B*35:05 within the PY group. Interestingly, we found that HLA‐B*35:05 can also bind a small molecule in its cleft, suggesting that small drugs could bind as well.
Improving palliative and supportive care in advanced cirrhosis: the HepatoCare model of integrated collaborative care
Authors: Kearney Alison , Tiwari Neha , Cullen Olivia , Legg Amy , Arbi Ismail , Douglas Carol , Leggett Barbara , Fenech Mary , Mina Joanne , Hoey Paris , Skoien Richard 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatients with advanced cirrhosis experience an unpredictable disease trajectory but are infrequently referred to palliative care (PC) services and rarely undertake advance care planning (ACP).AimWe assessed whether a novel model of care increased provision of meaningful PC in advanced cirrhosis compared with standard of care (SOC).MethodsThirty consecutive hepatology clinic outpatients with advanced cirrhosis, meeting one or more cirrhosis‐related PC referral criteria, consented to treatment in the HepatoCare clinic (PC physician, specialist liver nurse, pharmacist) in parallel with usual specialist hepatology care. A control cohort of 30 consecutive outpatients with advanced cirrhosis undergoing SOC treatment was retrospectively identified for comparison. The primary outcome was provision of meaningful PC using HepatoCare versus SOC. Additional clinical outcomes were assessed over 12 months or until death and significant differences were identified.ResultsThe intervention and control cohorts had similarly advanced cirrhosis (mean Child‐Pugh scores 8.7 vs 8.2, P = 0.46; mean model for end‐stage liver disease scores 14.4 vs 14.6, P = 0.88) but a lower 12‐month mortality rate (33% HepatoCare vs 67% SOC; P = 0.02). The intervention cohort experienced higher uptake of formal ACP (100% vs 25% for the control cohort) and outpatient PC referral (100% vs 40%), and were more likely to die at home or in a PC bed/hospice (80% vs 30%). The majority of the HepatoCare cohort (81%) had medications safely deprescribed and experienced fewer unplanned admission days (470 vs 794).ConclusionsHepatoCare is a novel multidisciplinary model of care that integrates effective PC and specialist hepatology management to improve outcomes in advanced cirrhosis.
Temporal change in aetiology and clinical characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma in a large cohort of patients in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Yeoh Yuen Kang Joseph , Dore Gregory J. , Lockart Ian , Danta Mark , Flynn Ciara , Blackmore Conner , Levy Miriam T. , George Jacob , Alavi Maryam , Hajarizadeh Behzad 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundViral hepatitis, alcohol‐related liver disease (ARLD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are the main risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in many countries. In Australia, given the access to hepatitis C virus (HCV) direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) therapy since 2016, a temporal change in HCC aetiology was hypothesized. This study evaluated the temporal change in the aetiology and characteristics of HCC in New South Wales (NSW).MethodsPatients diagnosed with HCC, admitted to three public hospitals in NSW between 2008 and 2021, were included in the analyses. We assessed the annual frequency of each HCC aetiology and the distribution of HCC characteristics in participants.ResultsAmong 1370 patients, the most common HCC etiologies were HCV (n = 483, 35%), ARLD (n = 452, 33%), NAFLD (n = 347, 25%) and hepatitis B virus (n = 301, 22%). The proportion of HCV‐related HCC was the highest in 2011–2016 (41%) and significantly declined to 30% in 2017–2021 (odds ratio [OR], 0.53 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.35–0.79]; P = 0.002). The proportion of HCC diagnosed at an early stage (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage O/A) increased from 41% in 2008–2009 to 56% in 2020–2021 (OR per annum, 1.05 [95% CI, 1.02–1.08]; P = 0.002), and the proportion of patients receiving potentially curative HCC management increased from 29% in 2008–2009 to 41% in 2020–2021 (OR per annum, 1.06 [95% CI, 1.03–1.10]; P < 0.001).ConclusionThe contribution of HCV to HCC burden has been decreasing in the DAA era, suggesting the role of HCV elimination in decreasing HCC risk. Increasing frequency of less advanced HCC at diagnosis over time suggests improved HCC surveillance.
Unlocking the role of the B7‐H4 polymorphism in psoriasis: Insights into methotrexate treatment outcomes: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Wang Bing , Wang Zhicheng , Yang Wenjing , Han Ling , Huang Qiong , Yawalkar Nikhil , Zhang Zhenghua , Yao Yu , Yan Kexiang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractB7‐H4 is a recently discovered member of B7 family that negatively regulates T‐cell immunity, specifically Th1 and Th17 cell responses. However, its role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis has yet to be determined. This study aims to investigate the effect of B7‐H4 polymorphism on the efficacy of methotrexate (MTX) and its mechanism in psoriasis. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms of B7‐H4 were genotyped in 310 psoriatic patients who received 12‐week MTX. The protein expression of B7‐H4 in platelets was characterized using immunofluorescence staining, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and flow cytometry techniques. We found that GG genotype carriers of B7‐H4 rs1935780 had a lower Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) 75 response rate and higher weight (p = 0.0245) and body mass index (p = 0.0185) than AA and AG genotype carriers. Multiple regression analysis showed that the PASI score at baseline (p = 0.01) and age at disease onset (p = 0.003) were positively correlated with PASI 75 response rate, while weight (p = 0.005) and the rs1935780 genotype (p = 0.003) were negatively associated with PASI 75 response rate. B7‐H4 was expressed in the platelet plasma membrane and cytoplasm. Furthermore, the expression of B7‐H4 protein in platelets was lower in good responders than in non‐responders and was upregulated considerably after 12‐week MTX or in vitro MTX stimulation in good responders. Collectively, these results demonstrate that psoriatic patients with GG genotype of B7‐H4 rs1935780 had a poorer response to MTX. Low expression of B7‐H4 protein in platelets correlated with better clinical outcomes of MTX in psoriasis.