bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
m‐Aminophenylacetylene induces maternal care in a predatory spider
Authors: Chen Yunru , Yu Na , Dong Shuchen , Li Guanqun , Pan Huiya , Guo Zonglei , Liu Zewen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMaternal care is critically important for the survival of offspring in various animals. Spiders in the family Lycosidae are known for their hunting ability and maternal care behaviors. Predation on newly hatched spiderlings (pulli) by mother spiders decreases when they come into contact, and they carry the pulli on their dorsal surface. However, the factors inducing maternal care in lycosid spiders have not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated maternal care in Pardosa pseudoannulata (Araneae, Lycosidae) females. We proposed that the physical interaction between pulli and mother spiders induces maternal care via m‐aminophenylacetylene (m‐A), a novel regulator of maternal care. The presence of pulli on the dorsal abdomen of non‐mother spiders suppressed pulli predation and increased the pulli‐carrying rate, and the absence of pulli on the mother spiders increased pulli predation and decreased the pulli‐carrying rate. The compound m‐A was abundant in mother spiders, and it could be induced in non‐mother spiders when they carried pulli. The topical application of m‐A to non‐mother spiders and m‐A injection decreased pulli predation and increased the pulli‐carrying rate, respectively; these findings indicate that m‐A in both internal tissues and the integument is required for the induction of maternal care behavior, and the interaction between pulli and females induces the production of m‐A. In‐depth study of the regulatory mechanism of maternal care will enhance our understanding of spider biology and behavior.
Interaction between curcumin and ultrafiltered casein micelles or whey protein, and characteristics of their complexes
Authors: Wu Hao , Qin Juanjuan , Ji Wei , Palupi Niken Widya , Yang Min 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis work evaluated the interaction between micellar casein (MC) or whey protein (WP) in ultrafiltration retentate with curcumin (Cur), as well as the physicochemical and functional properties of Cur–MC and Cur–WP complexes. The MC had a higher affinity for Cur than WP, shown by higher binding constants of Cur–MC at various temperatures. Thermodynamic analysis of the binding process indicated that the interaction between Cur and MC or WP was hydrophobic in nature. Cur promoted the size and polydispersity index of MC and WP at 4 mM but did not alter the morphology of spray‐dried MC and WP. The Cur–MC complexes showed better aqueous solubility at pH 2–3 and 6–10 compared to free MC. Combination with MC or WP improved the 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonate) radical scavenging activity of Cur. In addition, combination with MC and WP promoted cumulative release of Cur during simulated gastrointestinal digestion, especially for WP. Thus, MC and WP in retentates can be good alternative protein‐based carriers for Cur delivery, whereas their complexes in powder form have good functional properties that could be used as active food ingredients in several food formulations.Practical ApplicationMicrofiltration is a cheap and convenient approach that can be used to easily produce micellar casein (MC), with whey protein (WP) as one byproduct. In this study, we proved that MC and WP in retentates have strong interaction with curcumin (Cur), whereas their complexes have good functional properties. Thus, spray‐dried MC–Cur or WP–Cur complexes could be used as active food ingredients in several food formulations.
Retronasal sensory characterization of aroma compounds in Baijiu by detection threshold measurement, retronasal OAVs, and time‐intensity evaluation
Authors: Yu Yamin , Yan Yan , Wu Lan , Nie Yao , Chen Shuang , Xu Yan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe retronasal aroma of Baijiu is closely related to its quality and consumer preference. Retronasal detection thresholds (RDTs) of 44 aroma compounds were determined in 46% v/v ethanol using a three‐alternative forced‐choice procedure, which varied widely and ranged from less than 0.02 to over 1,000,000 µg/L. Nineteen aroma compounds, including β‐phenylethanol, 2,3,5,6‐tetramethylpyrazine, dimethyl trisulfide, and 2‐methyl‐3‐(methyldisulfanyl)furan, had RDTs lower than their orthonasal detection thresholds. Power function curves were used to establish correlations between RDTs and partition coefficients for five esters and four pyrazines (R2 = 0.9575, 0.9969, respectively). Twenty‐nine aroma compounds had retronasal odor activity values >1 in a soy sauce aroma type Baijiu. Additionally, time‐intensity (TI) results suggested that hexanoic acid, ethyl hexanoate, isoamyl acetate, 3‐methyl‐butanal, and nonanal contributed to a “burst‐aroma” of Baijiu. Conversely, TI results attributed the “after‐odor” of Baijiu to dimethyl trisulfide, methional, 2,3,5,6‐tetramethylpyrazine, β‐phenylethanol, and other compounds.Practical ApplicationThis manuscript provides comprehensive information on the retronasal sensory characteristics of aroma compounds in Baijiu. The results obtained may help understand the contribution of aroma compounds to retronasal aroma perception during Baijiu tasting and give helpful information to the Baijiu industry regarding quality control.
Hyaluronan and chondroitin sulfate in chicken–vegetable bone broth delay osteoporosis progression
Authors: Seki Yuka , Ohkuma Risako Chiba , Miyakawa Yuri , Karakida Takeo , Yamamoto Ryuji , Yamakoshi Yasuo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBone broth has recently gained worldwide recognition as a superfood that supplements several nutrients lacking in modern human diets; however, little is known of its efficacy on osteoporosis. Therefore, we aimed to identify the components of chicken–vegetable bone broth (CVBB) that are associated with osteoporosis prevention and verified the efficacy of these components using in vivo studies. In biochemical and cell biological experiments, CVBB was fractionated using ion exchange chromatography (IEC), and the effect of each IEC fraction on osteoclast differentiation was evaluated based on tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity, TRAP staining, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis using mouse macrophage‐like cells (RAW264 cell). In animal experiments, an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model was generated, followed by whole bone broth (OVX/CVBB) or IEC fraction (OVX/CVBB‐Ext) administration and bone structural parameter characterization of OVX rat tibia based on micro‐CT. Four CVBB fractions were obtained using IEC, and the fraction containing both hyaluronan and chondroitin sulfate (CVBB‐Ext) led to the maximum inhibition of RAW264 cell differentiation. CVBB‐Ext downregulated the expression of osteoclast differentiation marker genes. In animal experiments, the OVX group showed a clear decrease in bone density compared to that in the Sham operation group. The OVX/CVBB and OVX/CVBB‐Ext groups showed increased bone mineral density and bone volume/tissue volume values compared to those in the OVX/control group. These results suggested that CVBB and CVBB‐Ext slowed osteoporosis progression. Therefore, we conclude that hyaluronan and chondroitin sulfate in CVBB are key substances that impede osteoporosis progression.Practical ApplicationThis study provides practical information on the effects of bone broth ingredients on osteoporosis to expand the current knowledge on the efficacy of bone broth, which is a widely consumed food. These results may help in the future development of bone broth as a dietary supplement for managing osteoporosis.
Chinese expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment strategies for novel coronavirus infection in immunocompromised populations (2023 edition)
Authors: Ju ChunRong , Wang Meiying , Yuan Jing , Xu Yonghao , Xue Wujun , Lu Hongzhou , Li Yimin , Li Shiyue ,   China Committee on Diagnosis and Treatment of Immunodeficiency
Published: February 2024

AbstractSince the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) was identified in 2019, it has caused more than 664 million confirmed cases and more than 6.7 million deaths globally by January 20, 2023. So far, the novel coronavirus has undergone mutations from the original, Alpha, Delta, and Omicron strains. Omicron was first detected in South Africa in November 2021 and has since spread rapidly to more than 100 countries around the world, leading the World Health Organization (WHO) to classify it as a “variant of concern” for COVID‐19. Due to its stronger infectivity, faster transmission, and higher reinfection rate, it is more likely to cause immune evasion and infection breakthrough in the vaccinated population. Omicron has replaced Delta strain as the main epidemic strain imported from overseas and in China. People with immunodeficiency are more susceptible to the novel coronavirus due to abnormal immune function, and viral infections tend to be more lasting and severe. In addition, due to the existence of underlying diseases, most people with immunodeficiency have been taking immunosuppressants and other related drugs for a long time, and there are different degrees of interaction between novel coronavirus treatment drugs and original drugs, which brings great challenges to the diagnosis and treatment of people with immunodeficiency after infection with novel coronavirus. According to the Novel Coronavirus Infection Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol (Trial 10th Edition) issued by the National Health Commission, which emphasizes “strengthening the protection of key groups,” people with immune deficiency belong to the high‐risk groups of severe or critical disease. Based on the evidence of evidence‐based medicine and after many discussions by experts from multiple disciplines (Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Department of Organ Transplantation, Department of Rheumatology, Department of Hematology, Department of Infection, Department of Critical Care Medicine, etc.), 13 recommendations are summarized to provide theoretical and practical reference for the diagnosis and treatment strategy of this special population.
Targeting Fli‐1 and chemokine axis CXCL10/CXCL13/CXCR3 in systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis
Authors: Zhu Da‐Yong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFli‐1 is a critical factor involved in hematopoietic stem cells, vascular endothelial cells apoptosis, and differentiation. Similarly, Fli‐1 regulates immune cell proliferation and differentiation, such as T cells, B cells, and monocytes. Regarding T/B cell dysfunction, SLE including LN is recognized to be associated with abnormal expression and function of Fli‐1. Moreover, three ligands of Fli‐1 including CXCL10 (C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand 10), CXCR3 (C‐X‐C motif chemokine receptor 3), CXCL13 are widely discussed in SLE/LN. In this comprehensive review, we not only discussed Fli‐1 within SLE/LN pathogenesis, but also discussed the effects of CXCL10, CXCR3, and CXCL13 on SLE/LN development. Furthermore, we discussed how Fli‐1 regulates CXCL10, CXCR3, and CXCL13, and then involved in lupus development. It is possible that the Fli‐1 axis might be a potential target in SLE and LN.
A retrospective analysis of optimal timing of thoracic radiotherapy for driver gene‐negative metastatic non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wang Yanan , Gao Zhenhua , Zhao Wen , Li Hongxin , Meng Xue , Li Jisheng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe optimal timing of thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) in driver‐gene‐negative metastatic non‐small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) patients was retrospectively investigated based on survival and safety profile.MethodsThe efficacy and safety data of driver‐gene‐negative mNSCLC patients treated with TRT during maintenance after first‐line therapy was collected. Patients whose primary tumor and metastatic lesions remained no progression during maintenance and then received TRT were categorized as the NP (no progression) group, while patients who experienced slow progression during maintenance without reaching progressive disease and then received TRT were categorized as the SP (slow progression) group. The efficacy and adverse events of TRT were analyzed.ResultsIn total, 149 driver‐gene‐negative mNSCLC patients treated with TRT during maintenance were enrolled into the study, with 119 in the NP group and 30 in the SP group. After a median follow‐up of 30.83 (range: 26.62–35.04) months, the median progression‐free survival (PFS) in the NP group was 11.13 versus 9.53 months in the SP group (HR 0.599, p = 0.017). The median overall survival (OS) in the NP group was 32.27 versus 25.57 months in the SP group (HR 0.637, p = 0.088). The median PFS after radiotherapy (rPFS) was 6.33 versus 3.90 months (HR 0.288, p < 0.001). The adverse events were tolerable and manageable in both groups without significant difference (p > 0.05).ConclusionThe addition of TRT during the pre‐emptive no progression phase was associated with a significantly longer PFS than during the delayed slow progression phase and had an acceptable safety profile. Our results might support the earlier initiation of TRT after induction therapy for some patients with driver‐gene‐negative mNSCLC.
Text, tone, and legal language: Analyzing mutual fund disclosure sentiment
Authors: Tucker Anne M. , Xia Yusen , Smelcer Susan Navarro 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMutual fund disclosures must include information about a fund's strategies and risks to comply with the letter of the law. But funds should also honor the spirit of Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) regulations, including informing ordinary investors. Disclosure language creates impressions that can be just as important as the content. But evaluating these soft aspects of disclosures is hard. In this article, we propose using disclosure tone—how positive or negative the language is—to empirically capture these impressions. This measure provides an additional tool to assess compliance with the spirit of disclosure laws. Building on finance research on company disclosures, we develop customized dictionaries specific to mutual fund disclosures. We then introduce a novel sentiment‐scoring framework that generates transparent sentence‐ and disclosure‐level scores for our sample of 164,602 mutual fund summary prospectuses (497k) from 2010 to 2020. Our descriptive analysis validates our dictionary by showing meaningful and statistically significant differences across disclosure sections, fund type, and time. Funds' statements of their principal risks are more negative (and uniformly so) across time than funds' descriptions of their investment strategies. We further explore these relationships using a fixed‐effects regression model. These analyses reveal statistically significant relationships between mutual fund disclosure tone and fund attributes, performance, and disclosure characteristics. These relationships are consistent with SEC requirements that anchor risk discussions in more negative language than strategy discussions. The findings also highlight the role of legal language in setting the overall disclosure tone. Our context‐sensitive approach provides a path to regulate compliance more effectively with both the letter and the spirit of the law. Our framework, which we have made publicly available, provides a robust tool to allow researchers and regulators to assess not only what funds say, but how they say it.
Assessment and management of delirium in a tertiary hospital—Improvements in cognitive screening and use of non‐pharmacological strategies with a multidisciplinary approach
Authors: Clarke Emily , Newman Ellie , Dravid Madhu , Ricciardello Michael , Jones Emma , Caudle Katherine , Kilshaw Lucy , Hilmi Samantha , Flicker Leon 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis series of audits aimed to determine current best practice in delirium management in a tertiary teaching hospital and to identify strategies to improve the quality of care in delirium with a focus on prevention.MethodsWe completed a series of audits following the formation of the Cognitive Impairment Reference Group, a multidisciplinary team that was created to implement delirium management guidelines and monitor compliance. Audit 1 focused on antipsychotic use in patients aged 66 years and older. Audit 2 reviewed delirium care in the Acute Medical Ward. Audit 3 included ethnographic data and investigated the use of non‐pharmacological methods to prevent and manage delirium in the Geriatric Ward. Two years on, Audit 4 is a repeat of Audit 1.ResultsThere were improved rates of cognitive screening between Audits 2 and 3 from 65% n = 40 to 86% n = 102, respectively. Most patients had one form of non‐pharmacological strategy in place to prevent delirium however few had a multicomponent approach. Fewer patients were prescribed benzodiazepines alongside antipsychotics 28.57% n = 35 in Audit 1 compared to Audit 4 12.5% n = 32.ConclusionsImproved quality of care in delirium management is achievable via a co‐ordinated multidisciplinary approach. These audits demonstrated improvements in both rates of cognitive screening, and use of non‐pharmacological strategies prior to antipsychotic medication use and better adherence to guidelines for antipsychotic prescribing. Areas for further development in delirium prevention include the uptake of screening and individualised non‐pharmacological strategies.
Dupilumab‐associated ocular surface disease is characterized by a shift from Th2/Th17 toward Th1/Th17 inflammation
Authors: Thormann Kathrin , Lüthi Anne‐Sophie , Deniau Felix , Heider Anja , Cazzaniga Simone , Radonjic‐Hoesli Susanne , Lehmann Mathias , Schlapbach Christoph , Herzog Elio L. , Kreuzer Marco , Zinkernagel Martin S. , Akdis Cezmi A. , Zysset‐Burri Denise C. , Simon Hans‐Uwe , Simon Dagmar 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundDupilumab is used for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD). Approximately one third of AD patients develop a dupilumab‐associated ocular surface disease (DAOSD), of which the pathomechanism is poorly understood. This study aimed at investigating inflammatory markers in tear fluids of patients on dupilumab therapy.MethodsTear fluids were collected from AD patients with DAOSD (ADwDAOSD), AD patients without DAOSD (ADw/oDAOSD), and non‐AD patients before and during dupilumab therapy, and analyzed using a specialized proteomic approach quantifying inflammatory markers. The ocular surface microbiome was determined by next generation sequencing technology.ResultsUpon dupilumab therapy, an upregulation of 31 inflammatory markers was observed in DAOSD tear fluids compared to baseline in AD patients. While IL‐12B was upregulated in both ADwDAOSD and ADw/oDAOSD groups, the pattern of inflammatory markers significantly differed between groups and over time. In the ADwDAOSD group, a shift from a mixed Th2/Th17 pattern at baseline toward a Th1/Th17 profile under dupilumab was observed. Furthermore, an upregulation of remodeling and fibrosis markers was seen in DAOSD. Semantic map and hierarchical cluster analyses of baseline marker expression revealed four clusters distinguishing between AD and non‐AD as well as ADwDAOSD and ADw/oDAOSD patient groups. In a pilot study, dupilumab therapy was associated with a decrease in richness of the ocular surface microbiome.ConclusionsDAOSD is characterized by a Th1/Th17 cytokine profile and an upregulation of markers known to promote remodeling and fibrosis. The expression pattern of inflammatory markers in tear fluids at baseline might serve as a prognostic factor for DAOSD.
A model for delivery of extracorporeal life support in a stand‐alone veterans affairs medical center
Authors: Seadler Benjamin D. , Melamed Joshua , Sow Mami , Rogers Austin L. , Syed Ali , Linsky Paul L. , Ubert H. Adam , Schena Stefano , Durham Lucian A. , Almassi G. Hossein 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionFor the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) to continue to perform complex cardiothoracic surgery, there must be an established pathway for providing urgent/emergent extracorporeal life support (ECLS). Partnership with a nearby tertiary care center with such expertise may be the most resource‐efficient way to provide ECLS services to patients in post‐cardiotomy cardiogenic shock or respiratory failure. The goal of this project was to assess the efficiency, safety, and outcomes of surgical patients who required transfer for perioperative ECLS from a single stand‐alone Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC) to a separate ECLS center.MethodsCohort consisted of all cardiothoracic surgery patients who experienced cardiogenic shock or refractory respiratory failure at the local VAMC requiring urgent or emergent institution of ECLS between 2019 and 2022. The primary outcomes are the safety and timeliness of transport.ResultsMean time from the initial shock call to arrival at the ECLS center was 2.8 h. There were no complications during transfer. Six patients (86%) survived to decannulation.ConclusionThese results suggest that complex cardiothoracic surgery can be performed within the VHA system and when there is an indication for ECLS, those services can be safely and effectively provided at an affiliated, properly equipped center.
BMP6 and VDR gene polymorphisms are associated with osteonecrosis in a sickle cell anaemia cohort
Authors: Arcanjo Gabriela S. , Souza Mariana B. , Domingos Igor F. , Pereira‐Martins Diego A. , Falcão Diego A. , Batista Jessica V. , Hatzlhofer Betania L. , Diniz Madi V. , Silva Alexsandro P. , Guaraná Werbson L. , Hazin Manuela F. , Araujo Aderson S. , Cunha Anderson F. , Saad Sara O. , Costa Fernando F. , Lucena‐Araujo Antonio R. , Bezerra Marcos André C. 
Published: February 2024

SummaryThe occurrence and severity of osteonecrosis in sickle cell anaemia (SCA) vary due to risk factors, including genetic modifiers. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), particularly BMP6, and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) play key roles in cartilage and bone metabolism, making them potential contributors to orthopaedic outcomes in SCA. Here, we evaluated the association of polymorphisms in BMP6 (rs3812163, rs270393 and rs449853) and VDR (FokI rs2228570 and Cdx2 rs11568820) genes with osteonecrosis risk in a Brazilian SCA cohort. A total of 177 unrelated SCA patients were selected. The AA genotype of BMP6 rs3812163 was independently associated with a lower osteonecrosis risk (p = 0.015; odds ratio (OR): 0.38; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.18–0.83) and with the long‐term cumulative incidence of osteonecrosis (p = 0.029; hazard ratio: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.34–0.94). The VDR rs2228570 TT genotype was independently associated with a lower osteonecrosis risk (p = 0.039; OR: 0.14; 95% CI: 0.02–0.90). In summary, our results provide evidence that BMP6 rs3812163 and the VDR rs2228570 might be implicated in osteonecrosis pathophysiology in SCA and might help identify individuals at high risk.
Clonal haematopoiesis: A common progenitor for cytotoxic peripheral T‐cell lymphoma and angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Vogelsberg Antonio , Harland Lennart , Borgmann Vanessa , Otto Franziska , Weller Jan F. , Nann Dominik , Quintanilla‐Martinez Leticia , Fend Falko 
Published: February 2024

SummaryRecent studies have shown that follicular helper T‐cell lymphoma of angioimmunoblastic type (AITL), the most common nodal peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (PTCL), frequently arises in a background of clonal haematopoiesis (CH), a preneoplastic condition affecting up to 40% of elderly individuals. Data on a potential CH association are limited for other PTCL. We report a unique patient who sequentially developed both cytotoxic PTCL, not otherwise specified and AITL with distinct T‐cell receptor rearrangements but shared somatic mutations originating from the same CH clone, thus providing convincing evidence that CH can give rise to T‐cell neoplasms of different lineage.