bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An empirical analysis of the relationship between the hedge ratio and hedging horizon: A simultaneous estimation of the short‐ and long‐run hedge ratios
Authors: Chen Sheng‐Syan , Lee Cheng‐Few , Shrestha Keshab 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThis article analyzes the effects of the length of hedging horizon on the optimal hedge ratio and hedging
effectiveness using 9 different hedging horizons and 25 different commodities. We discuss the concept of
short‐ and long‐run hedge ratios and propose a technique to simultaneously estimate them. The
empirical results indicate that the short‐run hedge ratios are significantly less than 1 and increase with
the length of hedging horizon. We also find that hedging effectiveness increases with the length of hedging
horizon. However, the long‐run hedge ratio is found to be close to the naïve hedge ratio of unity. This
implies that, if the hedging horizon is long, then the naïve hedge ratio is close to the optimum hedge ratio.
© 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 24:359–386, 2004
Enantioselective Synthesis of 2‐(2‐Arylcyclopropyl)glycines: Conformationally Restricted Homophenylalanine Analogs
Authors: Demir Ayhan S. , Sesenoglu Özge , Ülkü Dincer , Arici Cengiz 
Published: February 2004

AbstractStarting from simple aromatic aldehydes and acetylfuran, (E)‐1‐(furan‐2‐yl)‐3‐arylprop‐2‐en‐1‐ones (2) were synthesized in high yields. Cyclopropanation of the CC bond with trimethylsulfoxonium iodide (Me3SO+I−) furnished (furan‐2‐yl)(2‐arylcyclopropyl)methanones 3 in 90–97% yields. Selective conversion of cyclopropyl ketones to their (E)‐ and (Z)‐oxime ethers 5 and oxazaborolidine‐catalyzed stereoselective reduction of the CN bond followed by separation of the formed diastereoisomers, furnished (2‐arylcyclopropyl)(furan‐2‐yl)methanamines 6 in optically pure form and high yield. Oxidation of the furan ring of (S,S,S)‐, (S,R,R)‐, (R,S,S)‐, and (R,R,R)‐6a afforded the four stereoisomers of α‐(2‐phenylcyclopropyl) glycine (1a).
Preparation and (E/Z)‐Isomerization of the Diastereoisomers of Violaxanthin
Authors: Molnár Péter , Deli József , Zsila Ferenc , Steck Andrea , Pfander Hanspeter , Tóth Gyula 
Published: February 2004

AbstractViolaxanthin A (=(all‐E,3S,5S,6R,3′S,5′S,6′R)‐5,6 : 5′,6′‐diepoxy‐5,6,5′,6′‐tetrahydro‐β,β‐carotene‐3,3′‐diol =syn,syn‐violaxanthin; 5) and violaxanthin B (=(all‐E,3S,5S,6R,3′S,5′R,6′S)‐5,6 : 5′,6′‐diepoxy‐5,6,5′,6′‐tetrahydro‐β,β‐carotene‐3,3′‐diol=syn,anti‐violaxanthin; 6) were prepared by epoxidation of zeaxanthin diacetate (1) with monoperphthalic acid. Violaxanthins 5 and 6 were submitted to thermal isomerization and I2‐catalyzed photoisomerization. The structure of the main products, i.e., (9Z)‐5, (13Z)‐5, (9Z)‐6, (9′Z)‐6, (13Z)‐6, and (13′Z)‐6, was determined by their UV/VIS, CD, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and mass spectra.
Factors Influencing the Course of the Macrocyclization of α,ω‐Diamines with Esters of α,ω‐Dicarboxylic Acids
Authors: Gryko Dorota , Gryko Daniel T. , Sierzputowska‐Gracz Hanna , Pia̧tek Piotr , Jurczak Janusz 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe efficient synthesis of eight new macrocyclic amides (lactams) via reaction of diesters with diamines under normal dilution conditions is described. The role of intermolecular H‐bond formation and steric hindrance is discussed based on 1H‐ and 15N‐NMR studies of appropriate model compounds. Principles for the optimal choice of esters that can be efficiently transformed into diamides have been developed.
Synthesis of (±)‐Glaucine and (±)‐Neospirodienone via an One‐Pot BischlerNapieralski Reaction and Oxidative Coupling by a Hypervalent Iodine Reagent
Authors: Huang Wei‐Jan , Singh Om V. , Chen Chung‐Hsiung , Lee Shoei‐Sheng 
Published: February 2004

AbstractCondensation of 3,4‐dimethoxybenzeneethanamine (3d) and various benzeneacetic acids, i.e., 4a–e, via a practical and efficient one‐pot Bischler–Napieralski reaction, followed by NaBH4 reduction, produced a series of 1‐benzyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinolines, i.e., 5a–e, in satisfactory yields (Scheme 3). Oxidative coupling of the N‐acyl and N‐methyl derivatives 6a–e of the latter with hypervalent iodine ([IPh(CF3COO)2]) yielded products with two different skeletons (Scheme 4). The major products from N‐acyl derivatives 6a–c were (±)‐N‐acylneospirodienones 2a–c, while the minor was the 3,4‐dihydroisoquinoline 7. (±)‐Glaucine (1), however, was the major product starting from N‐methyl derivative 6e. Possible reaction mechanisms for the formation of these two types of skeleton are proposed (Scheme 5).
Silver and Gold Trinuclear Complexes Based on 3‐Substituted or 3,5‐Disubstituted Pyrazolato Ligands. X‐Ray Crystal Structure of cyclo‐Tris{μ‐[3,5‐bis(4‐phenoxyphenyl)‐1H‐pyrazolato‐κN1 : κN2]}trigold Dichloromethane ([Au(μ‐$\rm{ pz^{pp_2 }}$)]3⋅CH2Cl2)
Authors: Torralba M. Carmen , Ovejero Paloma , Mayoral M. José , Cano Mercedes , Campo José A. , Heras José V. , Pinilla Elena , Torres M. Rosario 
Published: February 2004

AbstractTen new silver and gold trimeric complexes of the type [M3(μ‐pz′)3] (M=Au, Ag), where pz′ indicate pyrazolato ligands derived from mesogenic 3,5‐disubstituted 1H‐pyrazoles $\rm{ Hpz^{R_2}}$ or non‐mesogenic 3‐substituted 1H‐pyrazoles HpzR (R=C6H4OCnH2n+1), were synthesized and characterized. The gold and silver complexes 7, 8, 10, and 11 containing symmetric pyrazolato ligands as bridging groups ($\rm{ pz^{R_2}}$; R=C6H4OCnH2n+1, n=4 ($\rm{ pz^{bp_2 }}$) and 8 ($\rm{ pz^{op_2 }}$)) exhibited a trigonal symmetric structure. The same results were obtained for the related silver derivatives 16–18 with 3‐substituted pyrazolato ligands (pzR; R=C6H4OCnH2n+1, n=4 (pzbp), 12 (pzddp), and 18 (pzodp)). By contrast the 3‐substituted pyrazolato‐gold compounds 13–15 adopted an asymmetric molecular structure related to the position of the substituents on the trinuclear core. The thermal behavior of these complexes was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and polarized‐light microscopy. The mesomorphism of the parent 3,5‐disubstituted pyrazoles is avoided in their corresponding trinuclear complexes 7, 8, 10, and 11. However, the metal derivatives 14 and 17 containing the asymmetric 3‐[4‐(dodecyloxy)phenyl]pyrazolato ligand were found to have liquid‐crystal properties. These compounds exhibited monotropic behavior with columnar mesophases that could be related to the disc‐like shape of the molecular core and the appropriate length of the alkyloxy chain. For comparative purposes, the X‐ray structure of the related gold complex [Au3(μ‐$\rm{ pz^{pp_2 }}$)3] (9) having phenoxyphenyl substituents at the 3‐ and 5‐positions of the pyrazolato ligand is also described. The molecular structure is formed by a non‐planar (AuNN)3 core, containing three Au‐atoms bridged by three pyrazolato ligands. The molecular packing is described as a columnar organization, the shortest Au ⋅⋅⋅Au distance being 4.639(1) Å between consecutive trimers.
Selective Inhibition of Collagen‐Induced Platelet Aggregation by a Cyclic Peptide from Drymaria diandra
Authors: Hsieh Pei‐Wen , Chang Fang‐Rong , Wu Chin‐Chuang , Wu Kuen‐Yuh , Li Chien‐Ming , Wang Wei‐Ya , Gu Ling‐Chia , Wu Yang‐Chang 
Published: February 2004

AbstractFour cyclic peptides, diandrine A–D (1–4), were isolated from the MeOH extract of Formosan Drymaria diandra. Their structures were elucidated by chemical and spectroscopic analyses as cyclo(‐Gly1‐Pro2‐Trp3‐Pro4‐Tyr5‐Phe6‐), cyclo(‐Gly1‐Pro2‐Leu3‐Pro4‐Leu5‐Trp6‐Ser7‐Ser8‐), cyclo(Gly1‐Gly2‐Pro3‐Tyr4‐Trp5‐Pro6‐), and cyclo(Gly1‐Gly2‐Pro3‐Tyr4‐Trp5‐Pro6‐), respectively. Compounds 3 and 4 were stable conformational isomers. Cyclopeptide 1 showed a selective inhibitory effect on collagen‐induced platelet aggregation with an IC50 value of 44.2 μM.
Synthesis of Cyclopenta[b]indol‐1‐ones and Carbazol‐4‐ones from N‐(2‐Halophenyl)‐Substituted Enaminones by Intramolecular Heck Reaction
Authors: Sørensen Ulrik S. , Pombo‐Villar Esteban 
Published: February 2004

AbstractAn efficient synthetic route towards N‐methylated or nonmethylated 3,4‐dihydrocyclopent[b]indol‐1(2H)‐ones (3) and 1,2,3,9‐tetrahydrocarbazol‐4(4H)‐one (10) was elaborated, based on Pd‐catalyzed intramolecular Heck reaction. The chemoselectivity of the cyclization was studied in the case of the bi‐ and trifunctional substrates 12 and 17, respectively. In the latter case, depending on the catalyst, either the brominated indole 18 or the tetracyclic compound 19 were obtained by single and double Heck reaction, respectively.
New Low‐Molecular‐Mass Gelators Based on L‐Lysine: Amphiphilic Gelators and Water‐Soluble Organogelators
Authors: Suzuki Masahiro , Yumoto Mariko , Kimura Mutsumi , Shirai Hirofusa , Hanabusa Kenji 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe new L‐lysine alkali‐metal salts 1–5 (M+=Na+ and K+) with different alkyl groups at the Nα‐position were easily synthesized, and their hydro‐ and organogelation properties were investigated. All compounds were H2O‐soluble, and some salts, especially the potassium salts, functioned as a hydrogenator that could gel water below 2 wt‐%. These salts also had organogelation abilities for many organic solvents.
Exploring differential attrition rates among system of care evaluation participants
Authors: Rogers Kelly N. , Fernandez Maria , Thurber Lori , Smitley Andy 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe purpose of the present study is to investigate differential attrition rates in terms of both demographic characteristics and initial levels of child functioning of participants in North Carolina's system of care evaluation. Participants included 303 families (78 dropped out of the study, a 26% attrition rate). Families dropped out of the evaluation for three main reasons: refusal to participate, moving, or inability to contact the family. The majority of families who dropped out of the study did so after completing only the baseline interview. Differential attrition did not exist in terms of demographic characteristics, but there was some support for possible differential attrition indicated by initial levels of child functioning in some cases. Additionally, higher parental education level predicted longer participation in longitudinal evaluation. Recommendations and implications for applied research are offered. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 32: 167–176, 2004.
A thermostable maltose‐tolerant α‐amylase from Aspergillus tamarii
Authors: Moreira Fabiana Guillen , Lenartovicz Veridiana , Peralta Rosane Marina 
Published: February 2004

AbstractAn homogeneous fraction of α‐amylase from Aspergillus tamarii was obtained by means of a very easy purification procedure. The enzyme is a glycoprotein containing 32% saccharide and MW of 37.5 kDa. Optimal of pH and temperature with starch as substrate were 4.5–6.5 and 50–55 °C. The enzyme was stable for several hours at temperature up to 65 °C. Starch, amylose, and amylopectin were the substrates preferentially hydrolysed and maltose and maltotriose were the main end products. The values of KM and Vmax for starch were 2 g/l and 880 μmoles reducing sugars/min.mg of protein, respectively. The purified enzyme was remarkably insensitive to end product inhibition, being only slightly inhibited by maltose and glucose up to 1.0 M.
Evaluation of some fungi and bacteria for biocontrol of anthracnose disease of cowpea
Authors: Adebanjo A. , Bankole S. A. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe efficacy of some fungal and bacterial isolates obtained from cowpea phylloplane in inhibiting the in vitro and in vivo growth of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, causal agent of anthracnose of cowpea was investigated. Inhibition of growth of the pathogen with production of zones of inhibition was observed for Aspergillus flavus, A. ochraceus, Penicillium aurantiogriseum, Bacillus subtilis‐BS21, B. subtilis‐BS22 and B. subtilis‐BS23. Inhibition of growth on contact was recorded for A. niger while Trichoderma viride‐TH14 and T. viride‐TH31hyperparasitized the pathogen. The two isolates of T. viride and all tested bacteria significantly reduced seedling infection from anthracnose infested seeds in pot experiments. Spray application of T. viride‐TH31 on inoculated cowpea plants in the field effectively suppressed the incidence and severity of anthracnose disease, and significantly increased yield over the control. The antagonist was more effective when applied twice weekly than once in a week.
Effect of potential on the corrosion behavior of a new titanium alloy for dental implant applications in fluoride media
Authors: Al‐Mayouf A. M. , Al‐Swayih A. A. , Al‐Mobarak N. A. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe effect of fluoride ion concentration and pH on the corrosion behavior of TCA (60 Ti 10 Ag 30 Cu), which is a new Ti alloy with low melting point, pure Titanium (Ti), and TAV (TiAl6V4) was examined using open circuit potential (OCP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) at different potentials. Results show that the corrosion resistance of TCA and Ti decrease at anodic potentials compared with results obtained at OCP. At one potential the corrosion resistance decrease depends on NaF concentration and pH. TAV shows less resistance against corrosion in fluoride containing saliva. TCA has potentials more positive than Ti and TAV due to surface enrichment of Cu and Ag as Ti dissolves which accelerates the cathodic reaction. Fluoride ion may not hinder the growth of oxide layers on the surfaces of the electrodes. It will have influence on the properties of the oxide layer causing them to be not protective against corrosion in acid media containing fluoride ions.
Corrosion failure of marine steel in sea‐mud containing sulfate reducing bacteria
Authors: Yanliang H. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe corrosion failure behavior of marine steel is affected by stress, which exists in offshore structures at sea‐mud region. The sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) in the sea‐mud made the steel more sensitive to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and weaken the corrosion fatigue endurance. In this paper, a kind of natural sea‐mud containing SRB was collected. Both SCC tests by slow strain rate technique and corrosion fatigue tests were performed on a kind of selected steel in sea‐mud with and without SRB at corrosion and cathodic potentials. After this, the electrochemical response of static and cyclic stress of the specimen with and without cracks in sea‐mud was analyzed in order to explain the failure mechanism. Hydrogen permeation tests were also performed in the sea‐mud at corrosion and cathodic potentials. It is concluded that the effect of SRB on environment sensitive fracture maybe explained as the consequences of the acceleration of SRB on corrosion rate and hydrogen entry into the metal.
Inhibitorwirksamkeit beim Langzeitschutz von Stahlbehältern für die chemische Oberflächenvorbereitung gegen örtliche Korrosion durch salzsäurehaltige Prozesslösungen
Authors: Stieglitz U. , Schulz W.‐D. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractDie Wirksamkeit handelsüblicher Säureinhibitoren wird durch eine Auslagerung von Grobblechen aus Behälterstahl über 1000 Stunden in technisch gebräuchlichen Lösungen der Feuerverzinkung untersucht. Örtliche Korrosion ist als Muldenkorrosion in Gegenwart von Säureinhibitoren vor allem in Salzsäurebeizen (20 g/l HCl) bei Raumtemperatur und in salzsäurehaltigen Reinigern (10–30 g/l HCl) bei 40°C aufgetreten, wenn Zusatzbedingungen erfüllt sind. Örtliche Korrosion wird vorwiegend durch eine Unterschreitung der Inhibitorkonzentration (0,2 g/l) in Verbindung mit einer minimalen Salzsäurekonzentration (10–30 g/l) ausgelöst. Aber auch Oxidationsmittel wie Eisen(III)‐Ionen (5–10 g/l), Luftsauerstoff und freies Chlor (100–1000 mg/l) führen zu örtlicher Korrosion. In Spülbädern (2–10 g/l HCl) und Flussmittellösungen aus Zinkchlorid und Ammoniumchlorid (pH‐Wert: 2,0–5,5) ist keine örtliche Korrosion entstanden, sondern Flächenkorrosion. Im untersuchten Langzeitbereich sind Säureinhibitoren gegen Flächenkorrosion sehr gut wirksam (Hemmwerte bis 99%).
Polygones
Authors: Mazoyer Virginie 
Published: February 2004

AbstractIn first, we recall some properties of polygons under the action of an irregular monoid which may be written M = G ∪ I, where G is a group and I the only one ideal. Then, we completely describe monoids when G has only one orbit on I. We also describe all possible polygons and types of their elements. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Arithmetic of divisibility in finite models
Authors: Mostowski Marcin , Wasilewska Anna E. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractWe prove that the finite‐model version of arithmetic with the divisibility relation is undecidable (more precisely, it has Π01‐complete set of theorems). Additionally we prove FM‐representability theorem for this class of finite models. This means that a relation R on natural numbers can be described correctly on each input on almost all finite divisibility models if and only if R is of degree ≤0′. We obtain these results by interpreting addition and multiplication on initial segments of finite models with divisibility only. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
All hydrocarbon main‐chain thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers, poly(1,1′‐biphenylene‐4,4′‐alkenediyl)s, prepared by the ADMET method and their hydrogenated polymers, poly(1,1′‐biphenylene‐4,4′‐alkanediyl)s
Authors: Joo Sung‐Hoon , Jin Jung‐Il 
Published: February 2004

AbstractA series of poly(4,4′‐biphenylenealkenylene)s and copolymers were prepared by the acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization of 4,4′‐bis(alkenylene)1,1′‐biphenyls. Unsaturated polymers thus prepared were then hydrogenated to produce the corresponding saturated polymers. All the polymers were found to be thermotropic and to form solidlike smectic phases in melt. Their liquid crystallinity (LC) was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X‐ray diffractometry, and polarizing microscopy. We observed that one of the phenylene units of the biphenyl structure could selectively be hydrogenated at an elevated temperature. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 1335–1349, 2004
Functionalization of polyethylene/silane copolymers in posttreatment reactions
Authors: Lipponen S. , Seppälä J. 
Published: February 2004

Abstract7‐Octenyldimethylphenylsilane was copolymerized with ethylene via Et(Ind)2ZrCl2 methylaluminoxane catalyst system without loss of catalyst activity or decrease in molar mass. The comonomer contents in the polymer samples were at a level of 0.15–1.0 mol % and the reactive phenylsilane groups were posttreated to different alcoxy‐ and halosilane groups, for example, SiF, SiCl, SiOCH3, and SiOCH2CH3. The posttreatment reactions had no major effect on the molar masses or on the thermal properties (measured with differential scanning calorimetry) of the copolymers. The reaction pathways were nearly independent of the comonomer contents and the reactions reached 70–100% conversions. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 1461–1467, 2004
Chemically functionalized clay vinyl ester nanocomposites: Effect of processing parameters
Authors: Yebassa D. , Balakrishnan S. , Feresenbet E. , Raghavan D. , Start P. R. , Hudson S. D. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe primary objective of this study was to improve montmorillonite clay‐platelet separation in vinyl ester resin matrix by organically modifying the nanoclay platelet with a partially reactive onium salt. The reactive onium salt (ω‐undecylenyl amine hydrochloride) was synthesized from commercial ω‐undecylenyl alcohol through a series of synthetic conversions. Nonreactive onium salt (undecyl amine hydrochloride) was made from commercial undecyl amine. These salts were characterized with 1H and 13C NMR and Fourier transform infrared techniques. The relative amounts of exfoliated, intercalated, and as‐treated clay and the size of the clay particle aggregates depended significantly on the composition of clay and the processing conditions. When the clay was ion‐exchanged with a mixture of reactive and nonreactive onium salts, a partially exfoliated vinyl ester resin polymer nanocomposite was formulated. The addition of a comonomer styrene and high‐intensity ultrasonic mixing produced vinyl ester nanocomposite with the highest degree of clay‐platelet exfoliation. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 1310–1321, 2004
Implementing the reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer process in PREDICI
Authors: Wulkow Michael , Busch Markus , Davis Thomas P. , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThere is currently a highly controversial debate about the nature of the reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) mechanism. In this debate, kinetic computer modeling is frequently used as a powerful tool to correlate experimental data with theoretical models to deduce the rate coefficients that govern the process. Frequently, the PREDICI program package has been used as a simulation tool. Recently, the implementation and mathematical basis of the RAFT process, with respect to PREDICI, have been criticized. This communication discusses the mathematical and mechanistic implementation of the RAFT process in the PREDICI program package and elucidates the well‐founded mathematical basis of the approach. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 1441–1448, 2004
Theoretical calculation of the reduced viscosity of aqueous suspensions of charged spherical particles
Authors: Nishida Koji , Kiriyama Kohei , Kanaya Toshiji , Kaji Keisuke , Okubo Tsuneo 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe origin of the variety of characteristics of the reduced viscosity of aqueous suspensions of charged spherical particles has been an unsolved problem. To solve the problem, the reduced viscosity due to interparticle electrostatic interactions between charged spherical particles are calculated as a function of particle concentration with scanning various parameters, such as diameter of particle, number of charges per particle, and added‐salt concentration. The result successfully reproduced the variety of characteristics. Of all the scanned parameters, the diameter of the particle has a significant role to display the variety of characteristics when other parameters are fixed. When the diameter is very small (∼0 Å), the calculated reduced viscosity of aqueous suspensions of charged spherical particles increases with decreasing particle concentration and it shows a maximum. This behavior is very similar to the reduced viscosity of linear chain polyelectrolyte solutions. Whereas, when the diameter is large (>2000 Å), the calculated reduced viscosity decreases with decreasing particle concentration and it does not show a maximum. When the diameter is <1000 Å, the calculated reduced viscosity shows both the maximum and minimum. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 1068–1074, 2004
The writing is on the wall, but are we reading it?
Authors: Snowden Andrew 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe demographic time bomb is alive and ticking some 10 years after the initial warnings of its presence began to be sounded. So what have we done about it and how can we reconcile the needs of the emerging society with the environmental challenges that threaten our very existence over the long term? This article explores the issues and challenges the packaging industry to take up the gauntlet. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the problem of the heliospheric interface response to the cycles of the solar activity
Authors: Baranov Vladimir B. , Zaitsev Nikolay A. 
Published: February 2004

The effects of the solar activity cycle on the problem of the solar wind interaction with the supersonic LISM flow have been investigated. Our calculations have shown that the response of the position of the termination shock to the changes of the solar wind parameters is within 12% from the mean location. The response of the heliopause (HP) is much smaller, and the response of the bow shock (BS) is negligible.The existence of the BS is also discussed. In particular, we show that the Richardson [1997] scenario in which the BS disappears because of the TS motion cannot be physically realized.