bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interweaved needle‐shaped α‐Ni(OH)2 nanoparticles adorned on graphene oxide: A new class of heterogeneous catalysts for α‐alkylation of ketones and synthesis of azines
Authors: Kujur Shelly , Verma Shruti , Kumar Akash , Pathak Devendra Deo 
Published: December 2023

A simple approach for synthesizing needle‐shaped α‐Ni(OH)2 nanoparticles adorned on graphene oxide, α‐Ni(OH)2‐GO, is described. The nanocomposite was isolated as an air‐stable black powder and characterized by various instrumental techniques. The interweaved needle‐shaped morphology and the average particle diameter ~7 nm of the adorned α‐Ni(OH)2 nanoparticles were ascertained by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis, respectively. The catalytic potential of the nanocomposite was scrutinized in the synthesis of monosubstituted ketones via a hydrogen autotransfer strategy and synthesis of azines via dehydrogenative pathway. The products of both reactions were isolated in excellent yields and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. α‐Ni(OH)2‐GO could be segregated and recycled for up to five cycles. The operational simplicity, broad substrate scope, non‐toxic side products, recyclability, and superior catalytic potential of the catalyst are some of the remarkable features of this protocol.
A review of advanced techniques for detecting the authenticity and adulteration of camellia oil
Authors: Farooq Shahzad , Ahmad Muhammad Ijaz , Ali Usman , Li Yang , Shixiu Cui , Zhang Hui 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCamellia oil, one of the four major woody oils globally, possesses exceptional nutritional value due to its high contents of unsaturated fatty acids and functional compounds like tocopherols, phenolics, and chlorophyll. Unfortunately, due to high demand and cost, fraudsters deliberately mix lower‐quality vegetable oils with camellia oil for profits. This has raised concerns among stakeholders, prompting the need for robust authentication methods. This review provides a concise overview of various analytical techniques employed to assess the authenticity, quality, and potential adulteration of camellia oil. Several techniques, such as chromatography, isotope‐ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), plasma‐based and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)‐based techniques, as well as emerging methods like electronic noses and electronic tongues, are discussed. Notably, traditional chromatographic techniques (GC and HPLC) are reported to be time‐consuming, laborious, employ toxic chemicals, and require complicated sample pretreatments. DNA techniques also face challenges in detecting adulterants due to the complex refining processes of camellia oil, including high‐temperature decolorization and deodorization, which reduce DNA content and induce degradation. In contrast, spectroscopic techniques such as fluorescence spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and infrared (near, mid, far) spectroscopy combined with chemometric analyses, have emerged as reliable, rapid, simple, sensitive, and accurate alternative analytical tools for the quality control of camellia oil.
Comparing age‐ and bone‐related differences in collagen fiber orientation: A case study of bats and laboratory mice using quantitative polarized light microscopy
Authors: Hieronymus Tobin Lee , Waugh David A. , Ball Hope C. , Vinyard Christopher J. , Galazyuk Alex , Cooper Lisa Noelle 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAs bones age in most mammals, they typically become more fragile. This state of bone fragility is often associated with more homogenous collagen fiber orientations (CFO). Unlike most mammals, bats maintain mechanically competent bone throughout their lifespans, but little is known of positional and age‐related changes in CFO within wing bones. This study tests the hypothesis that age‐related changes in CFO in big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) differ from those of the standard mammalian model for skeletal aging, the C57BL/6 laboratory mouse. We used data from quantitative polarized light microscopy (qPLM) to compare CFO across the lifespan of long‐lived big brown bats and age matched C57BL/6 mice. Eptesicus and C57BL/6 mice displayed idiosyncratic patterns of CFO. Consistent age‐related changes were only apparent in the outer cortical bone of Eptesicus, where bone tissue is more longitudinally arranged and more anisotropic in older individuals. Both taxa displayed a ring of more transversely oriented bone tissue surrounding the medullary cavity. In Eptesicus, this tissue represents a greater proportion of the overall cross‐section, and is more clearly helically aligned (arranged at 45° to the bone long axis) than similar bone tissue in mice. Bat wing bones displayed a proximodistal gradient in CFO anisotropy and longitudinal orientation in both outer and inner cortical bone compartments. This study lays a methodological foundation for the quantitative evaluation of bone tissue architecture in volant and non‐volant mammals that may be expanded in the future.
A dual functional turn off florescence sensor using metal–organic framework for sensitive detection of aluminum(III) in aqueous solution
Authors: Saedi Zahra , Roushani Mahmoud , Darabi Amin , Khaleghian‐Moghadam Roghayeh 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAluminum, classified as one of the toxic heavy metals, has a recommended daily consumption limit of 3–10 mg, as specified by the World Health Organization (WHO). Herein, the selective and sensitive aluminum(III) fluorescence sensor based on TMU‐16 metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) in aqueous medium, is reported. A sensing pathway was found via the cation exchange between aluminum(III) and zinc(II) ions, and caused selectivity and sensitivity detection of aluminum(III) with a 5–100 ppm linear range and 1.99 ppm limit of detection (LOD).This sensor offers the advantage of accurately determining the concentration range of aluminum(III) ions. At low concentrations, only fluorescence quenching was observed, while at higher concentrations, fluorescence emission not only undergoes quenching but also exhibits a blue shift in wavelength. Notably, the sensor demonstrates no interference from cation solutions of mercury(II), zinc(II), nickel(II), lead(II), cobalt(II), cadmium(II), silver(I), chromium(III), and iron(III).Another significant feature of this sensor is its selectivity toward copper(II) and aluminum(III) ions, due to quenching fluorescence in the presence of copper(II) ion. The results presented the sensor's selectivity toward copper(II) at low concentrations and aluminum(III) at high concentrations.
JETWING technique: Combination therapy of JETSTREAMⓇ and aggressive wire recanalization in calcified atheroma and dilatation technique for eccentric heavy calcified plaques using WINGMAN for insertion of protection wire
Authors: Suzuka Yuki , Hirano Keisuke , Tokuda Takahiro , Diaz James Patrick 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAlthough endovascular treatment (EVT) has developed and still progressing, calcified lesions remain a big challenge to operators in obtaining good results. Whenever, the eccentric and calcified plaques or nodules are present, balloon dilatation may be difficult and vascular complications may frequently occur. We present a 73‐year‐old woman, with severe, eccentric, calcified lesion in the right superficial femoral artery (SFA). First, we performed the aggressive wire recanalization in calcified atheroma and dilatation (ARCADIA) technique for the eccentric plaques. Then, we used a WingmanⓇ crossing catheter (ReFlow Medical, Inc.) to penetrate and pass through the calcifications and eventually exchanged to a ParachuteⓇ (Good Care, Inc.) filter wire. Finally, we performed rotational atherectomy using the JETSTREAMⓇ (Boston Scientific) rotational atherectomy device for debulking to obtain good lesion expansion and was able to avoid potential complications. Performing ARCADIA technique then using a Wingman catheter for inserting a filter wire before JETSTREAMⓇ atherectomy is safe and effective for heavily calcified, eccentric lesions. Further studies will be needed to validate the safety and efficacy of this approach.
Fluorescent characterization of differentiated myotubes using flow cytometry
Authors: Nolan Andy , Heaton Robert A. , Adamova Petra , Cole Paige , Turton Nadia , Gillham Scott H. , Owens Daniel J. , Sexton Darren W. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFlow cytometry is routinely used in the assessment of skeletal muscle progenitor cell (myoblast) populations. However, a full gating strategy, inclusive of difficult to interpret forward and side scatter data, which documents cytometric analysis of differentiated myoblasts (myotubes) has not been reported. Beyond changes in size and shape, there are substantial metabolic and protein changes in myotubes allowing for their potential identification within heterogenous cell suspensions. To establish the utility of flow cytometry for determination of myoblasts and myotubes, C2C12 murine cell populations were assessed for cell morphology and metabolic reprogramming. Laser scatter, both forward (FSC; size) and side (SSC; granularity), measured cell morphology, while mitochondrial mass, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and DNA content were quantified using the fluorescent probes, MitoTracker green, CM‐H2DCFDA and Vybrant DyeCycle, respectively. Immunophenotyping for myosin heavy chain (MyHC) was utilized to confirm myotube differentiation. Cellular viability was determined using Annexin V/propidium iodide dual labelling. Fluorescent microscopy was employed to visualize fluorescence and morphology. Myotube and myoblast populations were resolvable through non‐intuitive interpretation of laser scatter‐based morphology assessment and mitochondrial mass and activity assessment. Myotubes appeared to have similar sizes to the myoblasts based on laser scatter but exhibited greater mitochondrial mass (159%, p < 0.0001), ROS production (303%, p < 0.0001), DNA content (18%, p < 0.001) and expression of MyHC (147%, p < 0.001) compared to myoblasts. Myotube sub‐populations contained a larger viable cluster of cells which were unable to be fractionated from myoblast populations and a smaller population cluster which likely contains apoptotic bodies. Imaging of differentiated myoblasts that had transited through the flow cytometer revealed the presence of intact, ‘rolled‐up’ myotubes, which would alter laser scatter properties and potential transit through the laser beam. Our results indicate that myotubes can be analyzed successfully using flow cytometry. Increased mitochondrial mass, ROS and DNA content are key features that correlate with MyHC expression but due to myotubes ‘rolling up’ during flow cytometric analysis, laser scatter determination of size is not positively correlated; a phenomenon observed with some size determination particles and related to surface properties of said particles. We also note a greater heterogeneity of myotubes compared to myoblasts as evidenced by the 2 distinct sub‐populations. We suggest that acoustic focussing may prove effective in identifying myotube sub populations compared to traditional hydrodynamic focussing.
Marine heatwaves modulate the genotypic and physiological responses of reef‐building corals to subsequent heat stress
Authors: Brown Kristen T. , Genin Amatzia , Mello‐Athayde Matheus A. , Bergstrom Ellie , Campili Adriana , Chai Aaron , Dove Sophie G. , Ho Maureen , Rowell Devin , Sampayo Eugenia M. , Radice Veronica Z. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBack‐to‐back marine heatwaves in 2016 and 2017 resulted in severe coral bleaching and mortality across the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). Encouragingly, some corals that survived these events exhibit increased bleaching resistance and may represent thermally tolerant populations that can better cope with ocean warming. Using the GBR as a natural laboratory, we investigated whether a history of minimal (Heron Island) or severe (Lizard Island) coral bleaching in 2016 and 2017 equates to stress tolerance in a successive heatwave (2020). We examined the genetic diversity, physiological performance, and trophic plasticity of juvenile (<10 cm) and adult (>25 cm) corals of two common genera (PocilloporaandStylophora). Despite enduring greater cumulative heat stress (6.3°C week−1vs. 5.6°C week−1), corals that experienced the third marine heatwave in 5 years (Lizard) exhibited twice as high survival and visual bleaching thresholds compared to corals that had not experienced significant bleaching in >10 years (Heron). Surprisingly, only one shared host–Symbiodiniaceae association was uncovered between locations (Stylophora pistillata–Cladocopium“C8 group”) and there was no genetic overlap inPocillopora–Cladocopiumpartnerships, suggesting turnover in species composition from recent marine heatwaves. Corals within the species complexPocilloporathat survived the 2016 and 2017 marine heatwaves at Lizard Island were the most resilient, exhibiting three times greater calcification rates than conspecifics at Heron Island. Further, surviving corals (Lizard) had distinct isotopic niches, lower host carbon, and greater host protein, while conspecifics that had not experienced recent bleaching (Heron) had two times greater symbiont carbon content, suggesting divergent trophic strategies that influenced survival (i.e., greater reliance on heterotrophy vs. symbiont autotrophy, respectively). Ultimately, while corals may experience less bleaching and survive repeated thermal stress events, species‐specific trade‐offs do occur, leaving open many questions related to the long‐term health and recovery of coral reef ecosystems in the face of intensifying marine heatwaves.
A false paradigm? Do biocrust types necessarily reflect ‘successional stages’?
Authors: Kidron Giora J. , Xiao Bo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe term ‘succession’ was first proposed to describe the gradual development of plants from an initial stage such as a bare ground to a well‐developed plant community, which at its peak, may reach a climax (primary succession). Accordingly, the earlier and fast growing stage (such as an annual plant community) may grant stability, organic matter and nutrients to the latter, high‐biomass and slow‐growing stages, such as trees. Commonly, reference to the different successional stages is also made once intact and disturbed communities (such as due to mechanical disturbance, tillage, fire, etc.) are compared (secondary succession). The concept was borrowed by many ecologists to describe variable biocrust types. Cyanobacterial or algal biocrust is regarded as an initial stage before turning to a later, more mature biocrust, whether composed of lichens or mosses. The underlain assumptions are that (a) the cyanobacteria provide essential stability and (b) nutrients that are required for the development of the later stages; (c) the initial biocrusts improve the water regime for the later successional stages; (d) cyanobacteria promote the lichen symbiosis; (e) due to substantial differences in the recovery time, a linear succession is inevitable, commonly from cyanobacterial/alga to lichen and lastly to moss; and (f) the cyanobacterial/algal biocrust is a temporary stage, just before being outcompeted by a later stage. It is argued hereafter that the above‐mentioned assumptions are not necessarily correct. As with higher plants, unless a direct comparison between disturbed and intact crusts justifies a reference to successional stages, different types of biocrusts commonly reflect the abiotic conditions at their site, and as such, unless the abiotic conditions change, they reflect stable communities of variable crust types. This paradigm shift may have important implications regarding inoculation efforts and directions and may explain the low success thus far obtained following inoculation experiments once performed with the more developed biocrusts, lichens and mosses.
State‐dependent estuary stopover boosts juvenile salmon growth: Implications for marine survival
Authors: Sawyer Alexandra C. , Atlas William I. , Seitz Karl M. , Wilson Samantha M. , Moore Jonathan W. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractStopover habitats allow migratory animals to bolster energy stores prior to the resumption of migration, which can increase an individual's likelihood of survival. Carryover effects from prior habitats may mediate stopover behavior: evidence suggests that low‐condition migrants exhibit longer stopovers and attain more growth during stopover than high‐condition individuals. For Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.), estuaries may be important stopover habitats during juvenile emigration from natal freshwaters to the ocean. Favorable foraging conditions in high‐productivity estuaries could boost growth, and body size at marine entry is generally positively correlated with survival to adulthood. However, the contribution of the estuarine life stage to individual fitness across the salmon life cycle remains poorly understood. Here, we show that body size at freshwater exit mediates estuary stopover behavior by juvenile coho salmon (O. kisutch) and that estuary growth can increase the probability of marine survival. We performed a multiyear mark–recapture study of juvenile coho salmon in the Koeye River and its estuary, located on the Central Coast of British Columbia. We found that stopover duration decreased with increasing body size: small juveniles spent more than three times longer in the estuary than their larger conspecifics. Mean annual estuary growth rates ranged from 0.58 to 0.95 mm/day, and the smallest juveniles grew by nearly 30% in fork length during estuary stopover. Consequently, each out‐migrating juvenile cohort entered the ocean larger and less variable in body size than it was at freshwater exit. Analysis of returning spawners from two juvenile cohorts (2017, 2018) indicated that larger individuals had higher ocean survival rates. Using a simplistic analytical extrapolation, we demonstrate that estuary stopover could increase marine survival: For median‐sized juveniles, growth achieved in the estuary was associated with 39.8% (34.0%–46.2%) higher survival for the 2017 cohort and 39.1% (31.6%–47.0%) higher survival for the 2018 cohort. These results, from a watershed unaltered by intensive logging or development, suggest that growth achieved during estuary stopover can mitigate freshwater carryover effects and buffer size‐selective survival in a changing ocean. More broadly, these findings highlight the importance of state‐dependent use of stopover habitats in the study of migration ecology and conservation of migratory species.
Thinning occurrence points does not improve species distribution model performance
Authors: Ten Caten Cleber , Dallas Tad 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSpatial biases are an intrinsic feature of occurrence data used in species distribution models (SDMs). Thinning species occurrences, where records close in the geographic or environmental space are removed from the modeling procedure, is an approach often used to address these biases. However, thinning occurrence data can also negatively affect SDM performance, given that the benefits of removing spatial biases might be outweighed by the detrimental effects of data loss caused by this approach. We used real and virtual species to evaluate how spatial and environmental thinning affected different performance metrics of four SDM methods. The occurrence data of virtual species were sampled randomly, evenly spaced, and clustered in the geographic space to simulate different types of spatial biases, and several spatial and environmental thinning distances were used to thin the occurrence data. Null datasets were also generated for each thinning distance where we randomly removed the same number of occurrences by a thinning distance and compared the results of the thinned and null datasets. We found that spatially or environmentally thinned occurrence data is no better than randomly removing them, given that thinned datasets performed similarly to null datasets. Specifically, spatial and environmental thinning led to a general decrease in model performances across all SDM methods. These results were observed for real and virtual species, were positively associated with thinning distance, and were consistent across the different types of spatial biases. Our results suggest that thinning occurrence data usually fails to improve SDM performance and that the use of thinning approaches when modeling species distributions should be considered carefully.
A meta‐analysis examining how fish biodiversity varies with marine protected area size and age
Authors: Hollitzer Helene A. L. , May Felix , Blowes Shane A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMarine protected areas (MPAs) are a well‐established conservation practice worldwide, but their effectiveness in protecting or replenishing fish biodiversity remains uneven. Understanding the patterns of this heterogeneity is central to general guidelines for MPA design and can ultimately provide guidance on how to maximize MPA potential. Here, we examine associations between the degree of protection, duration of protection, and protected area size, with fish biodiversity inside of protected areas relative to that of sites nearby, but outside of protected areas. We quantitatively synthesize 116 published estimates of species richness from 72 MPAs and 38 estimates of Shannon entropy from 21 MPAs. We show that species richness is on average 18% (95% CIs: 10%–29%) higher in protected areas than in areas open to fishing; on average, Shannon entropy is 13% (95% CIs: −2% to 31%) higher within protected areas relative to outside. We find no relationship between the degree and duration of protection with the ratio of species richness inside versus outside of protected areas; both fully and partially protected areas contribute to the accumulation of species inside of protected areas, and protected areas of all ages contribute similarly on average to biodiversity conservation. In contrast to our expectations, increasing protected area size was associated with a decreased ratio of species richness sampled at sites inside versus outside of the protected area, possibly due, for example, to insufficient enforcement and/or low compliance. Finally, we discuss why meta‐analyses such as ours that summarize effect sizes of local scale biodiversity responses, that is, those at a single site, can only give a partial answer to the question of whether larger protected areas harbor more species than comparable unprotected areas.