bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of age and diet on the reproductive performance of Sudan Nilotic ewes
Authors: ATTA M. , EL KHIDIR O. A. 
Published: September 2005

Two flocks of 42 multiparous (M) and 27 primiparous (P) Nilotic ewes (Southern Sudan) were used in an experiment conducted at the Animal Production Research Centre, Khartoum N., Sudan, to study the effect of age and diet on reproductive performance. Each age group (M and P) was subdivided into two diet groups, fed either a sorghum (So) or a molasses (Mo)-based diet. The two diets were approximately isoenergetic (12·2 and 11·4 MJ ME/kg DM for So and Mo diets, respectively) and isonitrogenous (217 g CP/kg). These diets were formulated from sorghum and groundnut cake or molasses and urea as main sources of energy and protein, respectively. Each of the four diet groups of ewes was further divided into 6 subgroups (replicates) of similar body weights housed and fed together for two successive gestation periods. The results showed that the diet treatments had no significant effect on age and weights at first oestrous (210, 238 days and 22, 20 kg) and at first lambing (407, 418 days and 30, 28 kg) of the PSo and PMo groups, respectively. Age of the ewes and the diet treatments had no significant effects (P>0·05) on feed intake, conception weight, litter size, lamb birth weight, gestation period, postpartum anoestrous period, lambing interval, sex ratio of offspring as well as conception, fertility, abortion and lambing proportions. Primiparous ewes (P) had significantly (P<0·05) higher pre-weaning lamb mortality proportion, whereas the sorghum-based diet groups had higher (P<0·05) gestation body gain and lambing weights.It was concluded that Nilotic ewes, compared with the other African sheep breeds reviewed, reach sexual maturity at an earlier age and are highly prolific due to their short postpartum anoestrous period. The results also highlight the importance of molasses and urea as efficient and good substitutes for sorghum grains and oil cakes, respectively, in the diets of ewes.
Erratum
Authors: Magzoub Mazin , Gräslund Astrid 
Published: September 2005

Volume 37 Number 2 (May 2004), pp. 147–195Cell-penetrating peptides: from inception to applicationDue to a correction error at the Press stage the title of this paper was incorrectly published with the word ‘small’ included. The correct title is given above.The publisher apologizes to the authors and readers for this error.
Focus on Spacetime 100 Years Later
Authors: Price Richard , Pullin Jorge 
Published: September 2005

Among the remarkable new ideas that Einstein introduced into physics in 1905 was the revision of our concept of space and time. His special theory of relativity quickly became incorporated into all of physics. This cannot be said of his later general relativity, the ultimate outgrowth of his original insight 100 years ago. In the general theory, curvature of Einsteinian spacetime was introduced to represent gravitation. For many years the general theory remained an intellectual and aesthetic triumph with little connection to the rest of physics. This has now all changed dramatically, and the broader physics community may not be aware of the extent of the change. The general theory is at the centre of new modes of astronomical observation; it is being tested in laboratories and on large scales; it is crucial to understanding some of the most exciting astrophysical discoveries; it presents a frustrating challenge to computational scientists; it is indispensable for constructing a new understanding of cosmology from our present quandary.
This celebratory Focus Issue in New Journal of Physics will attempt to give a glimpse of the current status of what Einstein wrought in 1905, as well as a historical perspective on how ideas about spacetime have evolved since then.

Focus on Spacetime 100 Years Later Contents

Gravity and the quantum
A Ashtekar

Black holes in astrophysics
R Narayan

A most useful manifestation of relativity: gravitional lenses
E E Falco

Spacetime in string theory
G T Horowitz

Gravitational wave detectors
P Aufmuth and K Danzmann

Hawking radiation and black hole thermodynamics
D N Page

The basics of gravitational wave theory
E E Flanagan and S A Hughes

Laboratory tests of gravity
J H Gundlach

Richard Price, University of Texas at Brownsville, USA
Jorge Pullin, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA
The de Rham-Witt complex and 𝑝-adic vanishing cycles
Authors: Geisser Thomas , Hesselholt Lars 
Published: September 2005

We determine the structure of the reduction modulo

p
p

of the absolute de Rham-Witt complex of a smooth scheme over a discrete valuation ring of mixed characteristic

(
0
,
p
)

(0,p)

with log-poles along the special fiber and show that the sub-sheaf fixed by the Frobenius map is isomorphic to the sheaf of

p
p

-adic vanishing cycles. We use this result together with the main results of op. cit. to evaluate the algebraic

K
K

-theory with finite coefficients of the quotient field of the henselian local ring at a generic point of the special fiber. The result affirms the Lichtenbaum-Quillen conjecture for this field.
Review article: endocannabinoids and their receptors in the enteric nervous system
Authors: DUNCAN M. , DAVISON J. S. , SHARKEY K. A. 
Published: September 2005

SummaryThe therapeutic actions of cannabinoids have been known for centuries. In the last 25 years this area of research has grown exponentially with the discovery of specific cannabinoid receptors and endogenous ligands.In the enteric nervous system of gastrointestinal tract, cannabinoid receptors are located on enteric nerve terminals where they exert inhibitory actions on neurotransmission to reduce motility and secretion. Endogenous cannabinoids are present in the enteric nervous system, as are the degradative enzymes necessary to inhibit their action. The cellular mechanism of action of endocannabinoids has not been established in the enteric nervous system. Endocannabinoids not only act at cannabinoid receptors, but potentially also at vanilloid and 5‐HT3receptors, both of which are expressed in the gastrointestinal tract. The interactions between endocannabinoids and these other important receptor systems have not been extensively investigated.A greater understanding of the endocannabinoid system in the enteric nervous system could lead to advances with important therapeutic potential in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, secretory diarrhoea and gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease.
Accuracy and precision of the continuous underway fish egg sampler (CUFES) and bongo nets: a comparison of three species of temperate fish
Authors: PEPIN P. , SNELGROVE P. V. R. , CARTER K. P. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe examine the accuracy and precision of the continuous underway fish egg sampler (CUFES) relative to bongo nets based on the catch ratio of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides), and cunner (Tautogolabrus adspersus). We derived expectation of catch ratios based on the application of a one‐dimensional model of the vertical distribution of fish eggs applied to cod and on prior data on egg vertical distribution. Samples were collected in May and August 2001, two periods when the vertical structure of the water column differed substantially. Stationary CUFES collections did not yield significant differences in accuracy or precision relative to the underway CUFES. In May, when there was relatively little stratification, the CUFES‐to‐bongo catch ratio of cod and plaice eggs was well within expectations based on model predictions. In August, the CUFES‐to‐bongo catch ratios of cod and cunner were higher than expected. Generally, there was a greater proportion of early stage eggs in bongo than in CUFES samples, with the strongest differences in American plaice. The replicate variance of the CUFES was ∼25 times greater than that of the bongo nets, probably because of the large volumes sampled by bongo nets relative to the CUFES. Given that the CUFES provides greater accuracy in mapping but lower precision than bongo nets, multiple sampling gears may be the most effective method for surveying fish eggs of pelagic and demersal species.
Forecasting climate‐induced changes in the survival of Snake River spring/summer Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)
Authors: SCHEUERELL MARK D. , WILLIAMS JOHN G. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractEffective conservation and management of natural resources requires accurate predictions of ecosystem responses to future climate change, but environmental science has largely failed to produce these reliable forecasts. The future response of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) to a changing environment and continued anthropogenic disturbance is of particular interest to the public because of their high economic, social, and cultural value. While numerous retrospective analyses show a strong correlation between past changes in the ocean environment and salmon production within the north Pacific, these correlations rarely make good predictions. Using a Bayesian time‐series model to make successive 1‐yr‐ahead forecasts, we predicted changes in the ocean survival of Snake River spring/summer chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) from indices of coastal ocean upwelling with a high degree of certainty (R2 = 0.71). Furthermore, another form of the dynamic times‐series model that used all of the available data indicated an even stronger coupling between smolt‐to‐adult survival and ocean upwelling in the spring and fall (R2 = 0.96). This suggests that management policies directed at conserving this threatened stock of salmon need to explicitly address the important role of the ocean in driving future salmon survival.
Reducing professional isolation: Support Scheme for Rural Specialists
Authors: Kurzydlo Ann‐Maree , Casson Claudia , Shumack Stephen 
Published: September 2005

SUMMARYThe Support Scheme for Rural Specialists project is a federally funded initiative aimed at reducing professional isolation among rural medical specialists. The Australasian College of Dermatologists became involved in this project in July 2003. We report the results of a survey designed to collect demographic data and establish a technology option for remote delivery of metropolitan clinical meetings. These are a major component of continuing professional development activity among metropolitan colleagues. An interactive compact disk format was developed, containing recorded footage and presentation slides from meetings, which replicated attendance as closely as possible. Following distribution to rural dermatologists, continuing professional development points were awarded for viewing and appraising the ‘virtual’ meeting on compact disk. Evaluation of the technology found a statistically significant increase in continuing professional development involvement. The success of this project has led to its expansion, refinement and continuation in 2004.
Oestrogen and progesterone receptors in primary mucinous carcinoma of skin
Authors: Kwatra Kanwardeep S , Prabhakar Baldev R , Jain Satish 
Published: September 2005

SUMMARYA 74‐year‐old man presented with a recurrent indolent growth in the left axilla. Fine‐needle aspiration cytology and histopathological examination showed a picture of mucinous adenocarcinoma. Clinical examination and systemic investigations failed to detect any primary lesion elsewhere and hence, a diagnosis of primary mucinous carcinoma of the skin was made. This tumour shows histological resemblance to mucinous carcinoma of breast. We also demonstrated expression of oestrogen and progesterone receptors in this tumour. This observation suggests that there is a potential of using antioestrogenic therapy in patients with primary cutaneous mucinous carcinoma, especially because of its high rate of local recurrence.
Juvenile elastoma: A forme fruste of the Buschke–Ollendorff syndrome?
Authors: Foo Christopher CI , Kumarasinghe Sujith Prasad W 
Published: September 2005

SUMMARYWe describe an Asian child with juvenile elastoma who presented to us at 9 years of age with flesh‐coloured nodules on his thigh. Histologically, H&E sections were normal, but elastin stains showed collections of increased and thickened elastic fibres consistent with juvenile elastoma. Radiological examination did not demonstrate osteopoikilosis. However, we postulate that he may represent a forme fruste of the Buschke–Ollendorff syndrome or early presentation prior to the subsequent development of osteopoikilosis.
Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans and acne keloidalis nuchae
Authors: Goh Michelle SY , Magee Jill , Chong Alvin H 
Published: September 2005

SUMMARYA 27‐year‐old man presented with a 10‐year history of scarring alopecia on the vertex of the scalp associated with follicular crusting and pustule formation, and a papular eruption on the posterior neck. Additionally, there was keratosis pilaris on the cheeks, eyebrows and thighs. Histology from the vertex showed scarring with a mixed perifollicular inflammatory infiltrate and foci of acute suppurative folliculitis. With clinical correlation, the diagnosis of keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans and concurrent acne keloidalis nuchae was made. The association of keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans with acne keloidalis nuchae has not previously been described. The patient responded to treatment with oral isotretinoin 20 mg (0.25 mg/kg) daily for 12 months.
Bupropion‐induced subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus
Authors: Cassis Tamella B , Callen Jeffrey P 
Published: September 2005

SUMMARYSubacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus is a subset of cutaneous lupus erythematosus with unique immunological and clinical features. The first series of patients found to have drug‐induced subacute cutaneous lupus erythemotosus were secondary to hydrochlorothiazide. Since that time, several other drugs have been implicated in the induction of subacute cutaneous lupus erythemotosus. A 44‐year‐old woman presented with a 9‐week history of a mildly pruritic, photosensitive rash that started on her chest. One month prior to her skin outbreak she was started on bupropion for mild depression. She was noted to have multiple annular erythematous plaques on her anterior chest, shoulders, back, arms and face. The patient was advised to stop the bupropion and to start topical tacrolimus, and was encouraged to apply a broad‐spectrum sunscreen. Her skin completely cleared within 1 month of initiating this treatment regimen. This case is a unique example of bupropion‐induced subacute cutaneous lupus erythemotosus. Our patient exemplifies the necessity of a complete medical history, including current medications, especially when subacute cutaneous lupus erythemotosus is suspected.
Simple modification to the punch biopsy technique to minimize handling and crush artefact
Authors: Chamberlain Alexander J , Lee Adriene Y , Sinclair Rodney D 
Published: September 2005

SUMMARYA number of techniques have been described to retrieve the tissue core after punch biopsy. We describe a simple modification to the punch‐biopsy technique that minimizes instrumentation, handling and the subsequent risk of crush artefact. Our technique is simple, quick and economical and essentially involves rotation of the punch through 90° then lateral extraction with a degree of upward traction, which usually leaves the tissue core deposited beside the skin defect. At this point it can be easily grasped with a square of gauze or detached if required using scissors or a scalpel blade.
Allergic contact dermatitis to quaternium 15 in a moisturizing lotion
Authors: Cahill Jennifer , Nixon Rosemary 
Published: September 2005

SUMMARYA 56‐year‐old nurse from a rural area presented with a 12‐month history of hand dermatitis. She had previously been patch tested by a local medical practitioner with the thin‐layer rapid‐use epicutaneous test®, which had shown allergies to quaternium 15 and formaldehyde. After testing, she was prescribed methylprednisolone aceponate 1 mg/g cream by the medical practitioner, but was not informed that quaternium 15 is contained in the Microshield™ moisturizing lotion she was using at work. When her dermatitis persisted, she saw a dermatologist, who advised her to avoid the Microshield™ moisturizing lotion, and use a waterless hand cleanser on return to work. The diagnoses were firstly allergic contact dermatitis from quaternium 15 in the moisturizing lotion, and secondly irritant contact dermatitis from nursing work. This case highlights both the presence of quaternium 15 in a product commonly used in health‐care settings in Australia, and the importance of offering informed, appropriate advice to patients following patch testing.
Imaging characteristics of papillary renal cell carcinoma by computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: TSUDA KYO , KINOUCHI TOSHIAKI , TANIKAWA GO , YASUHARA YUMIKO , YANAGAWA MASAHIRO , KAKIMOTO KENICHI , ONO YUTAKA , MEGURO NORIO , MAEDA OSAMU , ARISAWA JUN , USAMI MICHIYUKI 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Aim:
To analyse the differences in the patterns between clear and papillary renal cell carcinomas using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and dual‐phase helical computed tomography (CT).
Methods:

We examined seven patients with papillary renal cell carcinoma, and six with clear cell carcinoma. The highest attenuation value of tumors in the corticomedullary phase (CMP) and the excretory phase (EP) was measured using the observer‐defined region of interest (ROI). MRI consisted of T1‐weighted and T2‐weighted spin‐echo imaging.
Results:

All five tumors except for one with papillary renal cell carcinoma showed homogenous hypointensity, but all six tumors with clear cell carcinoma showed heterogeneous hyperintensity on their T2‐weighted images. In the CMP, the mean CT numbers of the papillary renal cell carcinomas were significantly lower than those of the clear cell carcinomas. The mean enhancement of the papillary renal cell carcinomas in the CMP and the EP was significantly lower than that of the clear renal cell carcinomas. The mean CT numbers of the clear cell carcinomas in the CMP were markedly increased from those on the unenhanced CT; those in the EP were decreased gradually. But the mean CT numbers of the papillary renal cell carcinomas in the EP were still slightly more increased than those in the CMP. The enhancement patterns of the papillary renal cell carcinomas in the CMP and the EP were homogenous, but those of the clear cell carcinomas were heterogeneous.
Conclusions:
We can speculate the differential diagnosis from clear to papillary renal cell carcinoma using MRI and dual‐phase helical CT.
Possible role of sildenafil in inhibiting rat vas deferens contractions by influencing the purinergic system
Authors: BILGE S SIRRI , KESIM YUKSEL , KURT MEHMET , AKSOZ ELIF , CELIK SULEYMAN 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Aim
To evaluate the effect of sildenafil, a selective inhibitor of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)‐selective type 5 phosphodiesterase, on isolated rat vas deferens and its connections with the purinergic system.
Methods
Epididymal and prostatic portions of isolated vas deferens were placed in organ baths containing Krebs’ solution. Contractions were induced by noradrenaline (NA), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), α,β‐methylene ATP and electrical field stimulation (EFS). The effect of sildenafil on the contractions was compared with suramin and Evans blue (EB).
Results
NA, ATP, α,β‐methylene ATP and EFS caused contractions in both portions of vas deferens. NA‐induced contractions were unaffected by sildenafil and suramin but potentiated by EB. ATP‐induced contractions were non‐competitively inhibited in both portions by sildenafil and suramin but potentiated by EB. α,β‐methylene ATP‐induced contractions were unaffected by sildenafil but were inhibited in both portions by suramin and EB. EFS‐induced contractions were inhibited by sildenafil and suramin while potentiated by EB.
Conclusion
Sildenafil inhibited the contractions in both portions of vas deferens, as did suramin. We have suggested that purinergic system has a role in this antagonism and it seems to be mediated by an ATP‐dependent mechanism instead of a receptor interaction.
New hammock hypothesis‐based method for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence: the first 29 urethral supports with a small fascial patch
Authors: YAMADA TAKUMI , HAYASHI TETSUO , KAMATA SHIGEYOSHI , OHNO RENA , HORIUCHI SUSUMU 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Aim
We have developed a new method requiring no manipulations of the retropubic passages, and carried out a retrospective study to assess the effectiveness, safety and early results of this new procedure in the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence.
Methods
From January 2001 to September 2003, 29 patients underwent our new surgery for the treatment of SUI. A 3 × 2 cm vertical rectangle was harvested from the rectus fascia. A convex horizontal incision was made over the mid urethra and bladder neck. The retropubic space was entered to the urethropelvic ligament spreading toward the junctions between urethropelvic ligament and tendinous arc. One suture was made at the point lateral to the bladder neck. Another suture was made behind the pubic bone. These two sutures were sutured again and tied with the short side end of the harvested fascia. The same procedure was performed on the other side.
Results
Of 29 patients, 26 (89.7%) were cured of stress urinary incontinence and 3 were improved. None of the patients had difficulty in voiding after the operation. Maximum flow rates were almost the same before and after surgery. None of the patients had any adverse events.
Conclusion
This procedure, which requires no manipulations of the retropubic passages, is safe and effective for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence.
Testicular torsion: Usefulness of contrast‐enhanced power Doppler sonography
Authors: YAMAGUCHI AKIKO , HAYASHI YUTARO , KOJIMA YOSHIYUKI , MIYAGAWA HIDEO , ITO MASATO , KOHRI KENJIRO 
Published: September 2005

Abstract A 13‐year‐old‐boy with suspected left testicular torsion was referred to our institute. During preparation, a significant decrease of signals on the left testis was found, however, slight blood flow was detected by the ultrasound examination enhanced by Levovist. As a result of the examination we left the testis intact, although the color of the testicular parenchyma remained black. One year after the surgery, an ultrasound examination was done again and good vascurality was observed.
Laparoscopic ureterectomy for the management of painful calculi in a ureteral stump
Authors: WEILAND DEREK , CANALES BENJAMIN , RAMANI ANUP , MONGA MANOJ 
Published: September 2005

Abstract We present a rare case of a laparoscopic ureterectomy for the treatment of unusual chronic pain from a large retained stone in a ureteral stump. The history of long‐term co morbidities from retained ureteral stumps is reviewed, as well as a discussion on the possible etiology of the pain for this particular patient. An argument for the change of the standard of care for the management of ureters in relation to nephrectomies is also made in regard to adult patients with a history of stone disease.
Percutaneous embolization of persistent urinary fistula after partial nephrectomy using N‐butyl‐2‐cyanoacrylate
Authors: ASLAN GÜVEN , MEN SÜLEYMAN , GÜLCÜ AYTAÇ , KEFI AYKUT , ESEN ADIL 
Published: September 2005

Abstract Percutaneous closure of a calyceal fistula following partial nephrectomy for kidney cancer was achieved with fistula embolization with n‐butyl‐2‐cyanoacrylate. Previous attempts at closure by conservative and endoscopic means were unsuccessful. Tissue adhesives are useful in the management of persistent urinary leakage after partial nephrectomy.