bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of VA care coordination program to improve transitional care for veterans post-non-VA hospital discharge: an incremental cost analysis
Authors: Radcliff Tiffany , Ayele Roman , McCreight Marina , Lui Wenhui , Battaglia Catherine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
The Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare System Community Hospital Transitions Program (CHTP) was implemented as a nurse-led intervention to reduce barriers that patients experience when transitioning from community hospitals to VA primary care settings. A previous analysis indicated that veterans who enrolled in CHTP received timely follow-up care and communications that improved care coordination, but did not examine cost implications for the VA.

Methods
A budget impact analysis used the VA (payer) perspective. CHTP implementation team members and study records identified key resources required to initially implement and run the CHTP. Statistical analysis of program participants and matched controls at two study sites was used to estimate incremental VA primary care costs per veteran. Using combined program implementation, operations, and healthcare cost estimates to guide key model assumptions, overall CHTP costs were estimated for a 5-year time horizon, including a discount rate of 3%, annual inflation of 2.5%, and a sensitivity analysis that considered two options for staffing the program at VA Medical Center (VAMC) sites.

Results
Implementation at two VAMCs required 3 months, including central program support and site-level onboarding, with costs of $34,094 (range: $25,355–$51,602), which included direct and indirect resource costs of personnel time, materials, space, and equipment. Subsequent annual costs to run the program at each site depended heavily on the staffing mix and caseload of veterans, with a baseline estimate of $193,802 to $264,868. Patients enrolled in CHTP had post-hospitalization VA primary care costs that were higher than matched controls. Over 5 years, CHTP sites staffed to serve 25–30 veterans per full-time equivalent transition team member per month had an estimated budget impact of $625 per veteran served if the transitional team included a medical social worker to support veterans with more social behavioral needs and less complex medical cases or $815 per veteran if nurses served all cases.

Conclusions
Evidence-based care coordination programs that support patients’ return to VA primary care after a community hospital stay are feasible to implement and run. Further, flexibility in staffing this type of program is increasingly relevant as the VA and other healthcare systems consider methods to reduce provider burnout, optimize staffing, reduce costs, and address other staffing challenges while improving patient care.
Biomimetic microneedles: exploring the recent advances on a microfabricated system for precision delivery of drugs, peptides, and proteins
Authors: Umeyor Chukwuebuka Emmanuel , Shelke Varsha , Pol Apurva , Kolekar Prafull , Jadhav Sarika , Tiwari Nikita , Anure Ankita , Nayak Abhit , Bairagi Ghanshamdas , Agale Aniket , Raut Vaishnavi , Bahadure Sumedh , Chaudhari Aniruddha , Patravale Vandana B. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Despite its popularity, acceptability, and convenience, the oral route is not the classical route for the administration of all critical bioactives including lipophilic drugs, proteins, and peptides. Recent advances in drug delivery have identified the transdermal route as a compelling alternative channel for improved delivery of essential biomolecules due to the illuminating advantages derived from this route. In order to circumvent the poor permeation of the stratum corneum by transdermal patches, microneedles (MNs) technology, which combine the advantages of parenteral delivery using hypodermic needles and transdermal delivery, has been unveiled as a novel biomimetic technology for efficient and effective transport of payloads across the stratum corneum.

Main body of abstract
The concept of MNs was first documented by Chambers in 1921 when he reported some problems encountered during experimentation using Echinoderm eggs. Since the first patent recorded in 1976, there has been consistent interest and funding in development of MNs for various biomedical applications. MNs have been developed and classified based on their physical attributes and functional profiles into solid, coated, hollow, dissolvable, and swellable or hydrogel-based MNs. These devices are fabricated using advanced techniques like 3D bioprinting, laser methods, photolithography, and molding, and applying materials such as carbohydrates, silica, ceramics, metals, glass and polymers. MNs could be characterized based on their morphological, geometrical, surface, mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and permeability profiles. Evidences have shown that MNs could be commercialized for various clinical adaptations. The numerous biomedical applications of microneedles in drug, peptide, and protein delivery attest to the versatility and dynamic nature of the fabrication techniques, and the pliability of the formulation materials. In spite of the enormous potentials of MNs, extant literature has shown that MNs also have their own share of limitations like every novel technology designed for theranostic purposes.

Short conclusion
In this review, we have escalated discussions on the progress and advances made in the development and use of MNs by summarizing the benefits, limitations, fabrication techniques, fabrication materials, characterization methods, therapeutic applications, sterilization and stability considerations, safety and toxicological concerns, regulatory guidelines, and tips for successful commercialization of MNs.
Multi-wavelength fusion spectral extraction-assisted HPLC for simultaneous quantification of multiple secondary metabolites in herbal matrices
Authors: Danaboina Gnanabhaskar , Tiwari Rudramani , Subrahmanyam Kurra , Shreekala V. , Meena Ajay Kumar 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe existing HPLC methods for the assaying of multiple markers in standardized herbal extracts use a single wavelength for quantification, which usually leads to lower assay than actual claims. It was because screening multiple phytochemical standards irrespective to their absorption maxima which drive decrease in peak are response which ultimately impact the assay. To overcome this issue, we have applied a methodology, called Mixed Standard Multi-Signal (MSMS) simultaneous detection, where multiple reference standards get extracted each with their respective λmax and quantification will be done at the same λmax in a single sequence data setup. This method was standardized using Single Signal Multi-Standards, Single Signal Single Standard, Multi-Signal Single Standard, for all individual reference standards, mixed reference standards, plant extracts, and Ayurvedic formulations. The results of our study demonstrate that higher assay reported total actives 5.04% by conventional detection and for current proposed method 13.81% with shorter span of analysis time and lesser solvent consumption. It helps to decide the actual standardization label claim on product which drives better commercial costings, and dosage regimen claims.
Graphical Abstract
Effectiveness of participatory video in lowering stigma against people with mental, neurological and substance use disorders in Kenya
Authors: Bitta Mary A. , Baariu Judy , Grassi Simone , Kariuki Symon M. , Lennox Belinda , Newton Charles R. J. C. 
Published: November 2023

Background
Globally, stigma associated with mental, neurological and substance use (MNS) disorders is rampant and a barrier to good health and overall well-being of people with these conditions. Person-centred digital approaches such as participatory video may reduce stigma, but evidence on their effectiveness in Africa is absent.

Aims
To evaluate the effectiveness of participatory video in reducing mental health-related stigma in a resource-limited setting.

Method
We evaluated the effectiveness of using participatory video and face-to-face interaction between people with MNS disorders and a target audience in lowering stigma among 420 people living in Kilifi, Kenya. Changes in knowledge, attitudes and behaviour (KAB) were measured by comparing baseline scores with scores immediately after watching the participatory videos and 4 months after the intervention. Sociodemographic correlates of stigma scores were examined using multivariable linear regression models.

Results
Compared with baseline, KAB scores significantly improved at both time points, suggesting reduced stigma levels. At 4 months, the changes in scores were: knowledge (β = 0.20, 95% CI 0.16–0.25; P < 0.01), liberal attitude (β = 1.08, 95% CI 0.98–1.17; P < 0.01), sympathetic attitude (β = 0.52, 95% CI 0.42–0.62; P < 0.01), tolerant attitude (β = 0.72, 95% CI 0.61–0.83; P < 0.01) and behaviour (β = 0.37, 95% CI 0.31–0.43; P < 0.01). Sociodemographic variables were significantly correlated with KAB scores; the correlations were not consistent across the domains.

Conclusions
Participatory video is a feasible and effective strategy in improving knowledge, attitudes and intended behaviour in a resource-limited setting. Further studies are required to understand the mechanisms through which it lowers stigma and to examine long-term sustainability and the effectiveness of multicomponent interventions.
Osteosarcoma Explorer: A Data Commons With Clinical, Genomic, Protein, and Tissue Imaging Data for Osteosarcoma Research
Authors: Yang Donghan M. , Zhou Qinbo , Furman-Cline Lauren , Cheng Xian , Luo Danni , Lai Hongyin , Li Yueqi , Jin Kevin W. , Yao Bo , Leavey Patrick J. , Rakheja Dinesh , Lo Tammy , Hall David , Barkauskas Donald A. , Shulman David S. , Janeway Katherine , Khanna Chand , Gorlick Richard , Menzies Christopher , Zhan Xiaowei , Xiao Guanghua , Skapek Stephen X. , Xu Lin , Klesse Laura J. , Crompton Brian D. , Xie Yang 
Published: November 2023

PURPOSE Osteosarcoma research advancement requires enhanced data integration across different modalities and sources. Current osteosarcoma research, encompassing clinical, genomic, protein, and tissue imaging data, is hindered by the siloed landscape of data generation and storage. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical, molecular profiling, and tissue imaging data for 573 patients with pediatric osteosarcoma were collected from four public and institutional sources. A common data model incorporating standardized terminology was created to facilitate the transformation, integration, and load of source data into a relational database. On the basis of this database, a data commons accompanied by a user-friendly web portal was developed, enabling various data exploration and analytics functions. RESULTS The Osteosarcoma Explorer (OSE) was released to the public in 2021. Leveraging a comprehensive and harmonized data set on the backend, the OSE offers a wide range of functions, including Cohort Discovery, Patient Dashboard, Image Visualization, and Online Analysis. Since its initial release, the OSE has experienced an increasing utilization by the osteosarcoma research community and provided solid, continuous user support. To our knowledge, the OSE is the largest (N = 573) and most comprehensive research data commons for pediatric osteosarcoma, a rare disease. This project demonstrates an effective framework for data integration and data commons development that can be readily applied to other projects sharing similar goals. CONCLUSION The OSE offers an online exploration and analysis platform for integrated clinical, molecular profiling, and tissue imaging data of osteosarcoma. Its underlying data model, database, and web framework support continuous expansion onto new data modalities and sources.
Structural Connectivity of the Human Piriform Cortex: an Exploratory Study
Authors: Borghei Alireza , Kelly Ryan , Pearce John J. , Stoub Travis R. , Sani Sepehr 
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
The piriform cortex (PC) is part of the primary olfactory network in humans. Recent findings suggest that it plays a role in pathophysiology of epilepsy. Therefore, studying its connectivity can further our understanding of seizure propagation in epilepsy. We aimed to explore the structural connectivity of PC using high-quality human connectome project data coupled with segmentation of PC on anatomic MRI.

METHODS:
Twenty subjects were randomly selected from the human connectome project database, and PC was traced on each hemisphere. Probabilistic whole-brain tractography was then used to visualize PC connectivity.

RESULTS:
The strongest connectivity was noted between PC and ipsilateral insula in both hemispheres. Specifically, the posterior long gyrus of each insula was predominantly connected to PC. This was followed by connections between PC and basal ganglia as well as orbital frontal cortices.

CONCLUSION:
The PC has the strongest connectivity with the insula bilaterally. Specifically, the posterior long gyri of insula have the strongest connectivity. This finding may provide additional insight for localizing and treating temporo-insular epilepsy.
Lifelogging By Senior Citizens: Implications from a Light-Weight GPS-Based Study
Authors: Joho Hideo , Matsubara Masaki , Uda Norihiko , Mizoue Chieko , Rahmi Rahmi 
Published: November 2023

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that the proportion of senior citizens (over 60 years old) in the world population will reach 30% by 2050. Governments with rapidly ageing societies, such as Japan, urge local communities to develop sustainable solutions that facilitate healthy ageing. A vital component of the solution is for individuals to self-monitor their daily activities and health statuses. With advances in wearable devices, the self-monitoring practice of lifelogging, has become accessible for many people, making such devices promising tools for senior citizens. However, the current understanding of the effective practices of supporting senior citizens through lifelogging technologies is still limited. Methods: This article reports the findings of a study that investigated the feasibility and effectiveness of a lightweight GPS-based lifelogging approach exercised by senior citizens in Japan. We asked ten participants to carry a smartphone when they went out, and the device automatically captured their activity and location data. We also generated monthly personalised reports to help participants reflect on their daily lives. We analysed the log data collected by the mobile devices, answers to questionnaires distributed every month with activity reports, and final interviews. Results: The results of the analysis suggest that 1) it is feasible for senior citizens to carry a smartphone to collect their activity and location data, and participants did not feel stressed even when they did not have previous experience using the device; 2) activity reports are a promising way to help senior citizens reflect on their daily lives; 3) senior citizens can be highly atuned to erroneous numeric data captured by these devices, and 4) the ability to interpret visualisations of lifelog data can vary across participants. Conclusions: The findings of this study call for developing data literacy programs for senior citizens to facilitate their effective use of data-driven services.
Pathways to reduced physical intimate partner violence among women in north-western Tanzania: Evidence from two cluster randomised trials of the MAISHA intervention
Authors: Abramsky Tanya , Guadarrama Diana Sanchez , Kapiga Saidi , Mtolela Grace , Madaha Flora , Lees Shelley , Harvey Sheila 
Published: November 2023

Intimate partner violence (IPV) affects over one-in-four women globally. Combined economic and social empowerment interventions are a promising IPV prevention model. However, questions remain on the mechanisms through which such interventions prevent IPV, and whether standalone social empowerment interventions can work in the absence of an economic component. This secondary analysis of MAISHA Study data (north-western Tanzania) explores pathways through which a group-based gender-training intervention, delivered to women standalone or alongside microfinance, may impact on physical IPV risk. Two cluster-randomised trials (CRT) assessed the impact of the MAISHA intervention on women’s IPV risk; CRT01 among women in 66 pre-existing microfinance groups (n = 919), and CRT02 among 66 newly-formed groups not receiving microfinance (n = 1125). Women were surveyed at baseline and 29 months follow-up. Sub-group analyses explored whether intervention effects on past-year experience of physical IPV varied by participant characteristics. Mediators of intervention effect on physical IPV were explored using mixed-effects logistic regression (disaggregated by trial). In CRT01, MAISHA was associated with reduced past-year physical IPV (adjusted-OR 0.63, 95%CI 0.41–0.98), with stronger effects among those younger, more financially independent, and without prior physical IPV. CRT02 showed no impact on physical IPV, overall or among sub-groups. In CRT01, individual-level reduced acceptability of IPV and group-level confidence to intervene against IPV emerged as potential mediators of intervention effect, while relationship-level indicators of communication were not impacted. In CRT02, positive impacts on individual-level attitudes did not translate into reduced IPV risk. In CRT02, arguments with partners over perceived transgressions of gender roles increased in the intervention-arm. Neither trial resulted in increased separations. Findings illustrate the importance of addressing poverty and women’s economic dependence on men, structural factors that may impede the success of socially oriented violence prevention programming. Programming with men is also crucial to ameliorate risks of backlash against attitudinal/behavioural change among women.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT02592252.
“I could not bear it”: Perceptions of chronic pain among Somali pastoralists in Ethiopia. A qualitative study
Authors: Baum Eleonore , Abdi Sied , Probst-Hensch Nicole , Zinsstag Jakob , Vosseler Birgit , Tschopp Rea , van Eeuwijk Peter 
Published: November 2023

Background
Pain is a major public health problem in the Global South, particularly among marginalized communities, such as Somali pastoralists. Yet, the topic of chronic pain has not yet been comprehensively studied in Sub-Saharan Africa, specifically in the Somali region of Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aims to explore the perceptions and notions of chronic pain among Somali pastoralists in this context.

Methods
This study used an explorative qualitative design. We performed semi-structured, face-to-face interviews with 20 purposively selected female and male Somali pastoralists with chronic pain. For data analysis, we applied the Framework Method by Gale et al. and explained patterns drawing on the Enactive Approach to Pain proposed by Stilwell and Harman.

Findings
Six different themes emerged: (1) “Pain as a symptom of harsh daily life”, (2) “Pain descriptions and dimensions”, (3) “Temporality of pain”, (4) “Pain-related stigma and stoicism” (5) “Mediating role of spirituality”, and (6) “Impact of pain on daily life activities”.

Conclusions
Somali pastoralists described their chronic pain as a multicausal and relational experience. Pastoralists (especially women) commonly refrained from communicating their pain and represented aspects of social stigma and stoicism. The mediating role of spirituality aided pastoralists to make sense of their pain and to ease its impact on their harsh daily life. The findings of this study can contribute to raise awareness of chronic pain issues among pastoralists. They highlight the need for policymakers to prioritize the improvement of pastoralist-specific pain management. Necessary resources and skills should be available within health care facilities. Pain management should be accessible, affordable and culturally acceptable for this population.
Disease mapping: Geographic differences in population rates of interventional treatment for prostate cancer in Australia
Authors: Cameron Jessica K. , Chandrasiri Upeksha , Millar Jeremy , Aitken Joanne F. , Cramb Susanna , Dunn Jeff , Frydenberg Mark , Rashid Prem , Mengersen Kerrie , Chambers Suzanne K. , Baade Peter D. , Smith David P. 
Published: November 2023

Background
Treatment decisions for men diagnosed with prostate cancer depend on a range of clinical and patient characteristics such as disease stage, age, general health, risk of side effects and access. Associations between treatment patterns and area-level factors such as remoteness and socioeconomic disadvantage have been observed in many countries.

Objective
To model spatial differences in interventional treatment rates for prostate cancer at high spatial resolution to inform policy and decision-making.

Methods
Hospital separations data for interventional treatments for prostate cancer (radical prostatectomy, low dose rate and high dose rate brachytherapy) for men aged 40 years and over were modelled using spatial models, generalised linear mixed models, maximised excess events tests and k-means statistical clustering.

Results
Geographic differences in population rates of interventional treatments were found (p<0.001). Separation rates for radical prostatectomy were lower in remote areas (12.2 per 10 000 person-years compared with 15.0–15.9 in regional and major city areas). Rates for all treatments decreased with increasing socioeconomic disadvantage (radical prostatectomy 19.1 /10 000 person-years in the most advantaged areas compared with 12.9 in the most disadvantaged areas). Three groups of similar areas were identified: those with higher rates of radical prostatectomy, those with higher rates of low dose brachytherapy, and those with low interventional treatment rates but higher rates of excess deaths. The most disadvantaged areas and remote areas tended to be in the latter group.

Conclusions
The geographic differences in treatment rates may partly reflect differences in patients’ physical and financial access to treatments. Treatment rates also depend on diagnosis rates and thus reflect variation in investigation rates for prostate cancer and presentation of disease. Spatial variation in interventional treatments may aid identification of areas of under-treatment or over-treatment.