bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A digital values-based microintervention for chronic back pain patients: lessons learned from a randomised experimental single-case study
Authors: Zerth Simon Felix , Hein Hauke Jeldrik , Glombiewski Julia Anna , Rief Winfried , Riecke Jenny 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Chronic pain usually lasts several years. During this time, value-oriented aspects of life often fade into the background in favour of coping with the pain, which is associated with a lower quality of life. Psychotherapeutic methods such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy can alleviate this. However, for those who suffer from chronic pain, access to such therapies is limited. Electronic health interventions provide access to evidence-based methods. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness and feasibility of a brief electronic values-based intervention on patients with chronic back pain.

Methods
A study with a replicated AB single-case experimental design was conducted with 28 participants suffering from chronic back pain. Participants answered daily questions concerning their pain intensity and quality of life (wellbeing, pain catastrophising, acceptance of chronic pain, engaged living) for 10 to 17 days. The subsequent mobile intervention on value-oriented activities lasted an additional 10 days. During this time, daily assessments continued. Our analysis was performed using a hierarchical two-level modelling approach as well as visual and descriptive analysis.

Results
The majority of participants did not measurably benefit from the intervention. Neither model-based inference nor visual analysis indicated plausible intervention effects. The results of one responder and one non-responder are presented. In their qualitative feedback, most participants described being satisfied with the intervention. The perceived usefulness of psychotherapy as a treatment for chronic back pain increased from pre- to post-intervention (p < .001, dz = 1.17).

Conclusions
This study shows that microinterventions for chronic back pain patients are feasible, but should be planned over a longer period of time to enable measurable changes. The electronic mobile format did not cause participants any difficulties.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05205889, date of registration: January 12, 2022.
Developing the POTOMAC Model: A Novel Prediction Model to Study the Impact of Lymphopenia Kinetics on Survival Outcomes in Head and Neck Cancer Via an Ensemble Tree-Based Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Kut Carmen , Midthune Doug , Lee Emerson , Fair Peyton , Cheunkarndee Tia , McNutt Todd , DeWeese Theodore , Fakhry Carole , Kipnis Victor , Quon Harry 
Published: December 2023

PURPOSE Lymphopenia is associated with poor survival outcomes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), yet there is no consensus on whether we should limit lymphopenia risks during treatment. To fully elucidate the prognostic role of baseline versus treatment-related lymphopenia, a robust analysis is necessary to investigate the relative importance of various lymphopenia metrics (LMs) in predicting survival outcomes. METHODS In this prospective cohort study, 363 patients were eligible for analysis (patients with newly diagnosed, nonmetastatic HNSCC treated with neck radiation with or without chemotherapy in 2015-2019). Data were acquired on 28 covariates: seven baseline, five disease, seven treatment, and nine LMs, including static and time-varying features for absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and immature granulocytes (IGs). IGs were included, given their hypothesized role in inhibiting lymphocyte function. Overall, there were 4.0% missing data. Median follow-up was 2.9 years. We developed a model (POTOMAC) to predict survival outcomes using a random survival forest (RSF) procedure. RSF uses an ensemble approach to reduce the risk of overfitting and provides internal validation of the model using data that are not used in model development. The ability to predict survival risk was assessed using the AUC for the predicted risk score. RESULTS POTOMAC predicted 2-year survival with AUCs at 0.78 for overall survival (primary end point) and 0.73 for progression-free survival (secondary end point). Top modifiable risk factors included radiation dose and max ALC decrease. Top baseline risk factors included age, Charlson Comorbidity Index, Karnofsky Performance Score, and baseline IGs. Top-ranking LMs had superior prognostic performance when compared with human papillomavirus status, chemotherapy type, and dose (up to 2, 8, and 65 times higher in variable importance score). CONCLUSION POTOMAC provides important insights into potential approaches to reduce mortality in patients with HNSCC treated by chemoradiation but needs to be validated in future studies.
Evaluating the Quality of Pain Management Satisfaction Among Oncology Patients in a Hospital Setting: Psychometric Properties of the Arabic Version of Pain Care Quality Survey
Authors: Al-Atiyyat Nijmeh , Salim Nezar Ahmed , Guo Jia-Wen , Toffaha Mohammed , Brant Jeannine M. 
Published: December 2023

PURPOSE The purpose of this mixed-methods psychometric study was to translate and adapt the Arabic Pain Care Quality (APainCQ) Survey to Arabic and to measure the quality of pain care provided to Arab patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study used an iterative, mixed-methods approach that employed cognitive interviews, expert content analysis, and factor analysis to develop the APainCQ Survey. The study was conducted at Dubai Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, United Arab Emirates. Arabic-speaking patients admitted to the oncology/hematology inpatient units with a minimum 24-hour stay were eligible for the study. RESULTS The sample consisted of 155 patients. The iterative exploratory factor analysis process resulted in the sequential removal of three items. The results of the significant Bartlett test ( P < .001) of sphericity and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test of 0.93 for both the health care team scale and the nurse scale. The total variance explained was 76.17% for the health care team scale and 60.91% for the nurse scale, which explained 56.51% for factor 1 with 14 items and 4.40% for factor 2. Regarding internal consistency reliability, Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega for the health care team scale and nurse scale were high; both values were .95. Internal consistency reliability of pain assessment and pain management subscales of nurse scales were also high, with values of 0.96 and 0.79, respectively. Moreover, there was a moderate correlation ( r = 0.66; P < .001) between the two subscales in the nurse scale. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that the APainCQ is a reliable and valid measure of pain dimensions, including pain management and monitoring. This APainCQ scale can potentially expand research and clinical assessment in the Arab world.
Cancer Research in Vulnerable Populations: A Call for Collaboration and Sustainability From MENAT Countries
Authors: Tolba Marwan , Skelton Mac , Abdul Sater Zahi , Fadhil Ibtihal , Al-Zahrani Ali , Kutluk Tezer , Akbarov Kamal , Taher Ali , Sullivan Richard , Mula-Hussain Layth 
Published: December 2023

PURPOSE Cancer is a major burden across Middle East, North Africa, Türkiye (MENAT). Many MENAT countries experience multiple conflicts that compound vulnerabilities, but little research investigates the linkages between vulnerability and cancer research. This study examines the current level and the potential for cancer research among vulnerable populations in the MENAT region, aiming to provide direction toward developing a research agenda on the region's vulnerable populations. METHODS Expert-driven meetings were arranged among the 10 authors. After obtaining institutional review board approval, a self-administered online survey questionnaire was circulated to more than 500 cancer practitioners working in 22 MENAT countries. RESULTS Two hundred sixteen cancer practitioners across the MENAT region responded. Fifty percent of the respondents identified clinical research in vulnerable patients with cancer as a significant issue; 21.8% reported previous research experience that included vulnerable populations, and 60% reported encountering vulnerable populations in their daily clinical practice. The main barriers to conducting research were lack of funding (60%), protected time (42%), and research training (35%). More than half of the respondents believed that wars/conflicts constituted an important source of vulnerability. The most vulnerable cancer populations were the elderly, palliative/terminally ill, those with concomitant mental health-related issues, those with other chronic illnesses, and socioeconomically deprived patients. CONCLUSION Results support that a major effort is needed to improve cancer research among vulnerable cancer populations in the MENAT region. We call for interdisciplinary research that accounts for the region's unique, compounding, and cumulative forms of vulnerability. This cancer research agenda on different vulnerable populations must balance sociobehavioral studies that explore sociopolitical barriers to quality care and clinical studies that gauge and refine treatment protocols. Building a research agenda through collaboration and solidarity with international partners is prime time.
Computing the Cost of Care per Patient per Day for Patients With Metastatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
Authors: Gupta Divya M. , Barnes James , Qin FeiFei , Kapphahn Kristopher , Hornbacker Kathleen , Blayney Douglas W. , Kunz Pamela L. 
Published: December 2023

PURPOSE Patients with well-differentiated, low-grade metastatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) usually have a long median survival and require complex, expensive care over many years at multidisciplinary centers. The cost burden for patients and institutions serves as a barrier to care. Understanding the drivers of these costs and whether intense monitoring adds value will help to optimize value-based care. METHODS We adapted the cost of care per patient per day (CCPD) validated methodology to measure cost while accounting for varying follow-up duration. We queried the Stanford NEN Database, which aggregates data from the electronic health record and other electronic sources, to study patients with metastatic NENs receiving regular care at Stanford. Current Procedural Terminology codes for services incurred during the monitoring period for each patient were mapped to the corresponding cost conversion factor and date in the Medicare fee schedule. RESULTS Two hundred two patients between 2010 and 2017 were studied with a mean CCPD of $119.11 in US dollars (USD); NEN-specific systemic therapy made up 55% of this cost. Somatostatin analogs were the costliest systemic therapy. Systemic therapy was the driver of cost differences among patients with various primary tumor types, stage of disease, tumor differentiation and grade, and functional hormone status. Patients in the most expensive CCPD group did not have a significant survival benefit ( P = .66). CONCLUSION The CCPD methodology was effective in studying cancer care value in NENs. Systemic therapy, specifically somatostatin analogs, was the primary driver of cost, and intense monitoring and higher-cost care did not improve survival outcomes.
When Gods Drown in Plastic
Authors: Rots Aike P. , Rots Nhung Lu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSince the turn of the twenty-first century, the category animism has seen a remarkable resurgence in Western scholarship, capturing the interest of many anthropologists, scholars of religion, and philosophers. Some authors have argued that animism can provide a model for a new environmental ethics that acknowledges more-than-human agencies and interdependencies. However, the question remains as to how so-called animist ontologies can transform not only individual moralities, but also the extractivist economic-political structures underlying the current crisis. In this article, we assess some of these claims by examining an Asian ritual tradition that is arguably animistic, while also containing elements of Buddhism, Daoism, and ancestor worship: the worship of whales, widespread along the coast of South and Central Vietnam. Fishing communities here believe that whales are divine beings, incarnations of the maritime god Ông Nam Hải (Lord of the South Sea)—also known as Cá Ông (Lord Fish)—who rescue people in distress at sea. When fishers find beached whales, they offer them elaborate funeral ceremonies and enshrine their bones in local temples. Whale worship constitutes a way of relating to the physical environment, and rituals help people respond to problems such as coastal erosion and overfishing. However, there is no evidence suggesting that this particular animistic belief system has given way to environmentalist action, let alone induced systemic change. Animistic ontologies certainly have ethical dimensions, and they may provide ways for people to make sense of and cope with Anthropocenic crises, but that does not mean they teach people how to act sustainably. At the very least, that would require an active process of translation and adaptation.
Minding the Gaps
Authors: Shenk Linda , Franz Kristie J. , Gutowski William J. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Increasingly, researchers share climate information as narratives to support decision-making and public action. In these contexts, however, scientists remain the focal storytellers. This article offers our methodology for researchers and communities to share narratives with each other and then to engage in collaborative storytelling. At the center of this work is how the humanities embrace the importance of narratives having gaps—narrative lacunae into which individuals can insert their experiences, needs, and values. Our storytelling- and gaps-based methodology allows communities and researchers to enter and transform each other’s stories. We offer a simulation model that fosters collaborative storytelling and give examples from the storytelling and social-environmental action projects that have emerged over three years of partnership with communities and university students.
Of Geosocial Relations and Separations
Authors: Oguz Zeynep 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
How might an attention to the role that the geologic plays in everyday social and political formations help reveal and politicize the geographically, temporally, and stratigraphically distributed forms of violence in the Anthropocene? Building on recent work in environmental humanities, anthropology, geography, and feminist geophilosophy that aims to rethink racialized forms of violence alongside planetary forces and earthly formations, this article explores how geosocial relations and exclusions register distributed forms of violence that are often kept separate from each other. Through an ethnographic account of a state-led oil shale exploration project in southwestern Turkey during the eruption of war between Kurdish freedom fighters and the Turkish state in southeastern Turkey in the summer of 2015, the article traces the links and disjunctures between the everyday disavowal of resource exploration and colonial warfare. It explores how the disavowal of war and hydrocarbon exploration forecloses political and ethical possibilities. It further examines how emergent geosocial relations between people and rocks carry the possibility of reckoning with anti-Kurdish war and violence. In doing so, the article invites environmental humanities to rethink methodological and analytical ways of rendering violence visible. The article concludes by speculating about the possibility of geosocial solidarity, or a mode of relation with geological formations and humans that forges connections between racialized forms of othering and planetary scales of time, space, and materiality. As a mode of earthly praxis, geosocial solidarity is what might come after the unfinished task of detangling distributed forms of violence in the Anthropocene.
Desktop Prospecting and Extractivism at Home
Authors: Özden-Schilling Tom 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGovernment-run geological surveys have increasingly facilitated exploration for potential mines by inviting novice prospectors to sift through old datasets prior to visiting physical sites, a process known colloquially as desktop prospecting. In northern British Columbia, Canada, some novices have developed sophisticated techniques for analyzing promising signs in these data and narrativizing their own desktop prospecting labor within broader environmental and economic shifts playing out across rural Canada. This article examines how efforts to vernacularize simulation-based geological expertise into new forms of work-from-home labor is transforming the ways settler entrepreneurs articulate attachments to rural areas. This growing interdependence of entrepreneurial web-based prospecting and extractivism writ large underscores a fundamental transition in how government ministries and developers relate the development of mines to the making of homes. Computer modeling tools have transformed prospectors’ relations with people and places by altering where and how they conduct day-to-day work. The valorization of model-work as an accessible, democratizing practice has also shaped how prospectors discern what kinds of homes bear the risks of mineral exploration labor. With free maps and simple analytical software in hand, BC-based geotechnical institutions insist, individual prospectors might yet play critical roles in luring mineral exploration companies back to the region after a decades-long decline in mining activity. As climate change renders regional timber extraction uncertain and mining industry restructuring continues apace, settler prospectors’ homemaking aspirations are turning inward toward domestic spaces of labor—some of the few spaces where precariously employed resource workers can still maintain illusions of control.
Depression, anxiety, and stress among urban and rural adolescents in Shivamogga, Karnataka
Authors: Mallya Ajay , Koppad Raghavendraswamy , Kumar Praveen 
Published: December 2023

Background: Currently there are 1.3 billion adolescents worldwide, which makes up 16% of the world population. Over 20% of adolescents around the world are thought to have behavioural or mental health issues. Addressing mental health issues is very important for the promotion of positive health in adolescents. Methods: The objective of our study was to estimate the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among adolescents in urban and rural areas of Shivamogga. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 350 adolescents aged 16 to 19 years each from urban and rural areas of Shivamogga. Results: Depression, anxiety and stress were found to be 23.1%, 29.4% and 26.6% in urban areas and 19.1%, 24% and 21.1% in rural areas respectively. Conclusions: About a quarter of the adolescent population suffers from depression anxiety and stress. Adopting and implementing better education and health policies are necessary to enhance adolescent mental health.
Case Report: Autogenous bone block grafting in esthetic zone for implant supported prosthetic rehabilitation
Authors: Subhadarsanee Chitrika , Salian Shrishti , DHADSE PRASAD , Bajaj Pavan , HASSAN SAFIYA 
Published: December 2023

Background: Dental implants provide a novel method of successful treatment and have been a highly predictable surgical procedure for replacing single or multiple teeth. Maxillary anterior single-tooth replacement is often the most difficult procedure in all of implant dentistry. The highly esthetic zone of the premaxilla often requires both hard (bone and teeth) and soft tissue restoration. Therefore, augmentation of alveolar ridge defect becomes more important in terms of providing sufficient bone volume for the placement of implants and for aesthetic considerations. The aim of this case report was to bring forward the novel technique of combining ridge augmentation using autogenous bone block graft for anterior implant placement using piezoelectric apparatus. Case description: In this case report, a 27-year-old male patient presented to the department of periodontics with a chief complaint of poor aesthetics owing to missing tooth in the upper-front region (11) due to trauma that occurred 3 years back. The patient was diagnosed with an alveolar bone wall defect with 11 region. The authors brought forward the novel technique of combining ridge augmentation using autogenous bone block graft for anterior implant placement using piezoelectric apparatus in order to treat the patient. The follow-up was done at 6- and 9-months post-op respectively. Conclusion: In spite of all the technical difficulties that the surgical and restoring clinician may face, the anterior single-tooth implant is the ideal modality of choice to replace a missing anterior maxillary tooth. Clinical significance: Unique surgical and prosthetic concepts were implemented in this case for successful results.
Optimal Experimental Design for Staggered Rollouts
Authors: Xiong Ruoxuan , Athey Susan , Bayati Mohsen , Imbens Guido 
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we study the design and analysis of experiments conducted on a set of units over multiple time periods in which the starting time of the treatment may vary by unit. The design problem involves selecting an initial treatment time for each unit in order to most precisely estimate both the instantaneous and cumulative effects of the treatment. We first consider nonadaptive experiments, in which all treatment assignment decisions are made prior to the start of the experiment. For this case, we show that the optimization problem is generally NP-hard, and we propose a near-optimal solution. Under this solution, the fraction entering treatment each period is initially low, then high, and finally low again. Next, we study an adaptive experimental design problem, in which both the decision to continue the experiment and treatment assignment decisions are updated after each period’s data are collected. For the adaptive case, we propose a new algorithm, the precision-guided adaptive experiment algorithm, which addresses the challenges at both the design stage and the stage of estimating treatment effects, ensuring valid post-experiment inference, accounting for the adaptive nature of the design. Using realistic settings, we demonstrate that our proposed solutions can reduce the opportunity cost of the experiments by more than 50%, compared with static design benchmarks. This paper was accepted by George Shanthikumar, data science. Funding: S. Athey and G. Imbens were supported by the Office of Naval Research [Grant N00014-19-1-2468]. M. Bayati was supported by the National Science Foundation [Grant CMMI 1554140]. Supplemental Material: The e-companion and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4928 .