bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of the minor colonization factor CS14 in adherence to intestinal cell models by geographically diverse ETEC isolates
Authors: Smith Emily M. , Papadimas Antonia , Gabor Caitlin , Cooney Ceanna , Wu Tao , Rasko David , Barry Eileen M. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Enterotoxigenic
Escherichia coli
(ETEC) is a primary causative agent of diarrhea in travelers and young children in low- to middle-income countries. ETEC adheres to small intestinal epithelia via colonization factors (CFs) and secretes heat-stable toxin and/or heat-labile toxin, causing dysregulated ion transport and water secretion. There are over 30 CFs identified, including major CFs associated with moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD) and minor CFs for which a role in pathogenesis is less clear. The Global Enteric Multicenter Study identified CS14, a class 5a fimbriae, as the only minor CF significantly associated with MSD and was recommended for inclusion in ETEC vaccines. Despite detection of CS14 in ETEC isolates, the sequence conservation of the CS14 operon, its role in adherence, and functional cross-reactivity to other class 5a fimbriae like CFA/I and CS4 are not understood. Sequence analysis determined that the CS14 operon is >99.9% identical among seven geographically diverse isolates with expanded sequence analysis demonstrating SNPs exclusively in the gene encoding the tip adhesin CsuD. Western blots and electron microscopy demonstrated that CS14 expression required the growth of isolates on CFA agar with the iron chelator deferoxamine mesylate. CS14 expression resulted in significantly increased adherence to cultured intestinal cells and human enteroids. Anti-CS14 antibodies and anti-CS4 antibodies, but not anti-CFA/I antibodies, inhibited the adherence of a subset of ETEC isolates, demonstrating CS14-specific inhibition with partial cross-reactivity within the class 5a fimbrial family. These data provide support for CS14 as an important fimbrial CF and its consideration as a vaccine antigen in future strategies.

IMPORTANCE

Enterotoxigenic
Escherichia coli
(ETEC) infection causes profuse watery diarrhea in adults and children in low- to middle-income countries and is a leading cause of traveler's diarrhea. Despite increased use of rehydration therapies, young children especially can suffer long-term effects including gastrointestinal dysfunction as well as stunting and malnutrition. As there is no licensed vaccine for ETEC, there remains a need to identify and understand specific antigens for inclusion in vaccine strategies. This study investigated one adhesin named CS14. This adhesin is expressed on the bacterial surface of ETEC isolates and was recently recognized for its significant association with diarrheal disease. We demonstrated that CS14 plays a role in bacterial adhesion to human target cells, a critical first step in the disease process, and that adherence could be blocked by CS14-specific antibodies. This work will significantly impact the ETEC field by supporting inclusion of CS14 as an antigen for ETEC vaccines.
Akkermansia muciniphila
supplementation improves glucose tolerance in intestinal
Ffar4
knockout mice during the daily light to dark transition
Authors: Wang Zhe , Cui Siyuan , Zhang TingTing , Wang Wei , Li JiaYu , Chen Y. Q. , Zhu Sheng long 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Disruption of blood glucose utilization may lead to diabetes mellitus, which has complex genetic and environmental aspects, and free fatty acid receptors (FFARs) may bridge the genetic and dietary aspects. FFAR4 has been identified as a new target for diabetes treatment, and it is essential to investigate how FFAR4 affects glucose homeostasis. FFAR4 knockout mice have been shown to cause severely impaired glucose tolerance under high-fat feeding conditions; however, the findings in FFAR4 knockout mice under chow diet conditions seem to be contradictory. Blood glucose utilization in mice under chow diet conditions is thought to show diurnal rhythmicity. In this study, we aim to investigate the role of FFAR4 in glucose utilization rhythm and explore the possible mechanism. Total
Ffar4
and gut-specific
Ffar4
knockout mice both showed a clear diurnal rhythm in glucose tolerance. However, deletion of total
Ffar4
and gut-specific
Ffar4
both deteriorate glucose tolerance at the daily light to dark transition (ZT12) in mice. We show that intestinal FFAR4 deficiency leads to significant changes in fecal microbiota at different ZTs. 16S rRNA sequencing results suggested that
Akkermansia muciniphila
was the main target of intestinal FFAR4 at ZT12.
Akkermansia muciniphila
supplementation significantly improved the impaired glucose tolerance at ZT12 in mice with gut-specific
Ffar4
deletion and was accompanied by recovery of serum hormone level and transcripts of key genes in glucose metabolism.

IMPORTANCE

Alterations in the intestinal environment are associated with various diseases, and FFAR4 is abundantly enriched in the intestine, where it has been shown to have the ability to regulate intestinal hormone secretion and intestinal microbiota; here, we confirmed previous reports. Meanwhile, we found that intestinal FFAR4 regulates glucagon-like peptide 1 secretion by decreasing
Akkermansia muciniphila
abundance and show that such change is associated with the level of glucose utilization at ZT12 in mice. Intestinal FFAR4 deficiency leads to severely impaired glucose tolerance at the ZT12 moment in mice, and
Akkermansia muciniphila
supplementation ameliorates the abnormal glucose utilization at the ZT12 moment caused by FFAR4 deficiency, which is very similar to the dawn phenomenon in diabetic patients. Collectively, our data suggest that intestinal
Ffar4
deteriorates glucose tolerance at the daily light to dark transition by affecting
Akkermansia muciniphila
.
Two-year neurodevelopmental data for preterm infants born over an 11-year period in England and Wales, 2008–2018: a retrospective study using the National Neonatal Research Database
Authors: van Blankenstein Emily , Sodiwala Tia , Lanoue Julia , Modi Neena , Uthaya Sabita N , Battersby Cheryl 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveUnited Kingdom guidelines recommend all infants born <30 weeks’ gestation receive neurodevelopmental follow-up at 2 years corrected age. In this study, we describe completeness and results of 2-year neurodevelopmental records in the National Neonatal Research Database (NNRD).DesignThis retrospective cohort study uses data from the NNRD, which holds data on all neonatal admissions in England and Wales, including 2year follow-up status.PatientsWe included all preterm infants born <30 weeks’ gestation between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2018 in England and Wales, who survived to discharge from neonatal care.Main outcome measuresPresence of a 2-year neurodevelopmental assessment record in the NNRD, use of standardised assessment tools, results of functional 2-year neurodevelopmental assessments (visual, auditory, neuromotor, communication, overall development).ResultsOf the 41 505 infants included, 24 125 (58%) had a 2-year neurodevelopmental assessment recorded. This improved over time, from 32% to 71% for births in 2008 and 2018, respectively.Of those with available data: 0.4% were blind; 1% had a hearing impairment not correctable with aids; 13% had <5 meaningful words, vocalisations or signs; 8% could not walk without assistance and 9% had severe (≥12 months) developmental delay.ConclusionsThe proportion of infants admitted to neonatal units in England and Wales with a 2-year neurodevelopmental record has improved over time. Rates of follow-up data from recent years are comparable to those of bespoke observational studies. With continual improvement in data completeness, the potential for use of NNRD as a source of longer-term outcome data can be realised.
Is intraprocedural intravenous aspirin safe for patients who require emergent extracranial stenting during mechanical thrombectomy?
Authors: Ingleton Adam , Raseta Marko , Chung Rui-En , Kow Kevin Jun Hui , Weddell Jake , Nayak Sanjeev , Jadun Changez , Hashim Zafar , Qayyum Noman , Ferdinand Phillip , Natarajan Indira , Roffe Christine 
Published: October 2023

Background
Intraoperative antiplatelet therapy is recommended for emergent stenting during mechanical thrombectomy (MT). Most patients undergoing MT are also given thrombolysis. Antiplatelet agents are contraindicated within 24 hours of thrombolysis. We evaluated outcomes and complications of patients stented with and without intravenous aspirin during MT.

Methods
All patients who underwent emergent extracranial stenting during MT at the Royal Stoke University Hospital, UK between 2010 and 2020, were included. Patients were thrombolysed before MT, unless contraindicated. Aspirin 500 mg intravenously was given intraoperatively at the discretion of the operator. Symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (sICH) and the National Institutes for Health Stroke Scale score (NIHSS) were recorded at 7 days, and mortality and functional recovery (modified Rankin Scale: mRS ≤2) at 90 days.

Results
Out of 565 patients treated by MT 102 patients (median age 67 IQR 57–72 years, baseline median NIHSS 18 IQR 13–23, 76 (75%) thrombolysed) had a stent placed. Of these 49 (48%) were given aspirin and 53 (52%) were not. Patients treated with aspirin had greater NIHSS improvement (median 8 IQR 1–16 vs median 3 IQR −9–8 points, p=0.003), but there were no significant differences in sICH (2/49 (4%) vs 9/53 (17%)), mRS ≤2 (25/49 (51%) vs 19/53 (36%)) and mortality (10/49 (20%) vs 12/53 (23%)) with and without aspirin. NIHSS improvement (median 12 IQR 4–18 vs median 7 IQR −7–10, p=0.01) was greater, and mortality was lower (4/33 (12%) vs 6/15 (40%), p=0.05) when aspirin was combined with thrombolysis, than for aspirin alone, with no increase in bleeding.

Conclusion
Our findings based on registry data derived from routine clinical care suggest that intraprocedural intravenous aspirin in patients undergoing emergent stenting during MT does not increase sICH and is associated with good clinical outcomes, even when combined with intravenous thrombolysis.
Estimating the silica content and loss-on-ignition in the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes datasets: a recursive inversion approach
Authors: de Caritat Patrice , Grunsky Eric C. , Smith David B. 
Published: October 2023

A novel method of estimating the silica (SiO
2
) and loss-on-ignition (LOI) concentrations for the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes (NASGL) project datasets is proposed. Combining the precision of the geochemical determinations with the completeness of the mineralogical NASGL data, we suggest a ‘reverse normative’ or inversion approach to first calculate the minimum SiO
2
, water (H
2
O) and carbon dioxide (CO
2
) concentrations in weight percent (wt%) in these samples. These can be used in a first step to compute minimum and maximum estimates for SiO
2
. In a recursive step, a ‘consensus’ SiO
2
is then established as the average between the two aforementioned SiO
2
estimates, trimmed as necessary to yield a total composition (major oxides converted from reported Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S and Ti elemental concentrations + ‘consensus’ SiO
2
+ reported trace element concentrations converted to wt% + ‘normative’ H
2
O + ‘normative’ CO
2
) of no more than 100 wt%. Any remaining compositional gap between 100 wt% and this sum is considered ‘other’ LOI and likely includes H
2
O and CO
2
from the reported ‘amorphous’ phase (of unknown geochemical or mineralogical composition) as well as other volatile components present in soil. We validate the technique against a separate dataset from Australia where geochemical (including all major oxides) and mineralogical data exist on the same samples. The correlation between predicted and observed SiO
2
is linear, strong (
R
2
= 0.91) and homoscedastic. We also compare the estimated NASGL SiO
2
concentrations with a sparser, publicly available continental-scale survey over the conterminous USA, the ‘Shacklette and Boerngen’ dataset. This comparison shows the new data to be a reasonable representation of SiO
2
values measured on the ground over the conterminous USA. We recommend the approach of combining geochemical and mineralogical information to estimate missing SiO
2
and LOI by the recursive inversion approach in datasets elsewhere, with the caveat to always validate results.
Gas–Particle Dynamics in High-Speed Flows
Authors: Capecelatro Jesse , Wagner Justin L. 
Published: October 2023

High-speed disperse multiphase flows are present in numerous environmental and engineering applications with complex interactions between turbulence, shock waves, and particles. Compared with its incompressible counterpart, compressible two-phase flows introduce new scales of motion that challenge simulations and experiments. This review focuses on gas–particle interactions spanning subsonic to supersonic flow conditions. An overview of existing Mach-number-dependent drag laws is presented, with origins from eighteenth-century cannon firings and new insights from particle-resolved numerical simulations. The equations of motion and phenomenology for a single particle are first reviewed. Multiparticle systems spanning dusty gases to dense suspensions are then discussed from numerical and experimental perspectives.
Deciphering the Pathways to PARP Sensitivity in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Tsang Erica S. , Gallinger Steven 
Published: October 2023

SummaryA recent article analyzed paired cell-free DNA among patients with platinum-sensitive BRCA- or PALB2-mutated pancreatic cancer who received maintenance olaparib. Reversion mutations were linked with worse outcomes. These types of paired correlative studies are needed to improve our understanding of drug resistance and guide future clinical trials.See related article by Brown et al., p. 5207
Post‐Market Registry of Stroke Patients Treated With Medtronic Neurothrombectomy Devices in Southeast Asia: PROSPR‐SEA
Authors: Nguyen Huy Thang , Ton Mai Duy , Vu Dang Luu , Churojana Anchalee , Nilanont Yongchai , Ayudya Sirintara (Pongpech) Singhara Na , De Silva Deidre Anne , Hoe Winston Lim Eng , Van Truong Le , Pham Minh Thong , Worakijthamrongchai Thanaboon , Tran Quoc Tuan , Seet Raymond Chee Seong , Lee Wickly 
Published: October 2023

Background
Southeast Asia accounts for approximately 10% of stroke‐related mortalities worldwide, yet there are limited data regarding mechanical thrombectomy (MT) outcomes in this region. PROSPR‐SEA (Post‐Market Registry of Stroke Patients Treated With Medtronic Neurothrombectomy Devices to Collect Real‐World Data in Southeast Asia) assessed post‐market clinical outcomes of MT using the Solitaire Revascularization Device in southeast Asia.

Methods
PROSPR‐SEA is a prospective, multicenter, nonrandomized, observational registry of patients who underwent MT using Solitaire as first line treatment at 1 of 10 centers in Vietnam, Thailand, and Singapore between January 2018 and July 2019. The primary end point was functional independence (modified Rankin scale 0–2) at 90 days. Safety end points included symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage, emboli in new territory at 24 hours, and all‐cause mortality at 90 days. Secondary end points were successful revascularization (modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction ≥2b), workflow metrics, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at discharge, and patient disposition at 90 days.

Results
A total of 183 patients (64.9±13.7, 49.7% [91/183] female) were included in the study and underwent MT; 79.2% (145/183) had occlusions in the middle cerebral artery. Median baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale was 15.0 (range 1–31) and median baseline Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score was 8.0 (range 0–10). Functional independence at 90 days was achieved in 62.2% (112/180). Mean puncture‐to‐revascularization time was 53.3±53.9 minutes, and mean onset‐to‐revascularization time was 330.0±110.4 minutes. Revascularization was successful in 94.0% (172/183) of patients. Median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale improved at discharge (−8.0, range −22, 25) and 90 days (−13.0, range −22, 0). Within 24 hours, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage occurred in 7.7% (14/183) and emboli in new territory in 3.3% (6/183). At 90 days, the all‐cause mortality rate was 7.7% (14/183). Most patients were discharged to home by 90 days (84.1%, 154/183).

Conclusion
PROSPR‐SEA demonstrated high rates of positive functional outcomes and procedural success with a low mortality rate and indicates that the technical and clinical outcomes of landmark MT trials using Solitaire as the first‐line device are reproducible in real‐world southeast Asian settings.
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Signatures of Pavlovian and Instrumental Valuation Systems during a Modified Orthogonalized Go/No-go Task
Authors: Queirazza Filippo , Steele J. Douglas , Krishnadas Rajeev , Cavanagh Jonathan , Philiastides Marios G. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Motivational (i.e., Pavlovian) values interfere with instrumental responding and can lead to suboptimal decision-making. In humans, task-based neuroimaging studies have only recently started illuminating the functional neuroanatomy of Pavlovian biasing of instrumental control. To provide a mechanistic understanding of the neural dynamics underlying the Pavlovian and instrumental valuation systems, analysis of neuroimaging data has been informed by computational modeling of conditioned behavior. Nonetheless, because of collinearities in Pavlovian and instrumental predictions, previous research failed to tease out hemodynamic activity that is parametrically and dynamically modulated by coexistent Pavlovian and instrumental value expectations. Moreover, neural correlates of Pavlovian to instrumental transfer effects have so far only been identified in extinction (i.e., in the absence of learning). In this study, we devised a modified version of the orthogonalized go/no-go paradigm, which introduced Pavlovian-only catch trials to better disambiguate trial-by-trial Pavlovian and instrumental predictions in both sexes. We found that hemodynamic activity in the ventromedial pFC covaried uniquely with the model-derived Pavlovian value expectations. Notably, modulation of neural activity encoding for instrumental predictions in the supplementary motor cortex was linked to successful action selection in conflict conditions. Furthermore, hemodynamic activity in regions pertaining to the limbic system and medial pFC was correlated with synergistic Pavlovian and instrumental predictions and improved conditioned behavior during congruent trials. Altogether, our results provide new insights into the functional neuroanatomy of decision-making and corroborate the validity of our variant of the orthogonalized go/no-go task as a behavioral assay of the Pavlovian and instrumental valuation systems.
Exploring the Composited T-28 Hailstorm Penetration Dataset to Characterize Hail Properties within the Updraft and Downdraft Regions
Authors: Heymsfield Andrew J. , Cecchini Micael A. , Detwiler Andrew , Honeyager Ryan , Field Paul 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Measurements from the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology T-28 hail-penetrating aircraft are analyzed using recently developed data processing techniques with the goals of identifying where the large hail is found relative to vertical motion and improving the detection of hail microphysical properties from radar. Hail particle size distributions (PSD) and environmental conditions (temperature, relative humidity, liquid water content, air vertical velocity) were digitally collected by the T28 between 1995 and 2003 and synthesized by Detwiler et al. The PSD were forward modeled by Cecchini et al. to simulate the radar reflectivity of the PSD at multiple radar wavelengths. The T-28 penetrated temperatures primarily between 0° and −10°C. The largest hailstones were sampled near the updraft/downdraft interface. Liquid water contents were highest in the updraft cores, whereas total (liquid + frozen) water contents were highest near the updraft/downdraft interface. The fitted properties of the PSD (intercept and slope) are directly related to each other but do not show any dependence on the region of the hailstorm where sampled. The PSD measurements and the radar reflectivity calculations at multiple radar wavelengths facilitated the development of relationships between the PSD bulk properties—hail kinetic energy and kinetic energy flux—and the radar reflectivity. Rather than using the oft-assumed sphericity and solid ice physical properties, actual measurements of hail properties are used in the analysis. Results from the maximum estimated size of hail (MESH) and vertical integrated liquid water (VIL) algorithms are evaluated based on this analysis.

Significance Statement
Hailstorms in the United States have caused over $10 billion in damage for each of the last 14 years, according to insurance industry estimates (Heymsfield and Giammanco 2020). Algorithms have been developed to identify the presence and size of hail from radar. Numerical simulations of hailstorms have improved significantly since the 1970s, and further improvements will provide better resolution and more accurate estimates of the sizes of hailstones falling to the ground. Measurements of the properties of hailstones—their mass and terminal velocities—have been improved in recent years but in general are not incorporated in the algorithms developed for radar estimates of hail sizes or for the properties of hail used in the model simulations. This study synthesizes in situ aircraft data, computed radar backscatter cross sections, together with recent estimates of the physical characteristics of hailstones to improve the representation of hail in numerical models and quantitative assessment hail properties in storms using weather radar.
Dig up tall fescue plastid genomes for the identification of morphotype-specific DNA variants
Authors: Islam Md. Shofiqul , Chekhovskiy Konstantin , Saha Malay C. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is an important cool-season perennial grass species. Hexaploid tall fescue has three distinct morphotypes used either as forage or turf purposes. Its chloroplast genome is conserved due to it being maternally inherited to the next generation progenies. To identify morphotype-specific DNA markers and the genetic variations, plastid genomes of all three tall fescue morphotypes, i.e., Continental cv. Texoma MaxQ II, Rhizomatous cv. Torpedo, and Mediterranean cv. Resolute, have been sequenced using Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform.

Results
The plastid genomes of Continental-, Rhizomatous-, and Mediterranean tall fescue were assembled into circular master molecules of 135,283 bp, 135,336 bp, and 135,324 bp, respectively. The tall fescue plastid genome of all morphotypes contained 77 protein-coding, 20 tRNAs, four rRNAs, two pseudo protein-coding, and three hypothetical protein-coding genes. We identified 630 SNPs and 124 InDels between Continental and Mediterranean, 62 SNPs and 20 InDels between Continental and Rhizomatous, and 635 SNPs and 123 InDels between Rhizomatous and Mediterranean tall fescue. Only four InDels in four genes (ccsA, rps18, accD, and ndhH-p) were identified, which discriminated Continental and Rhizomatous plastid genomes from the Mediterranean plastid genome. Here, we identified and reported eight InDel markers (NRITCHL18, NRITCHL35, NRITCHL43, NRITCHL65, NRITCHL72, NRITCHL101, NRITCHL104, and NRITCHL110) from the intergenic regions that can successfully discriminate tall fescue morphotypes. Divergence time estimation revealed that Mediterranean tall fescue evolved approximately 7.09 Mya, whereas the divergence between Continental- and Rhizomatous tall fescue occurred about 0.6 Mya.

Conclusions
To our knowledge, this is the first report of the assembled plastid genomes of Rhizomatous and Mediterranean tall fescue. Our results will help to identify tall fescue morphotypes at the time of pre-breeding and will contribute to the development of lawn and forage types of commercial varieties.