bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anesthetics decreased the microdialysis extraction fraction of norepinephrine but not dopamine in the medial prefkontal cortex
Authors: Pan Wynn H. T. , Lai Yu‐Jun 
Published: December 2004

AbstractWe evaluated the effects of chloral hydrate and pentobarbital sodium on the basal extracellular concentrations of dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NA) as well as their in vivo extraction fraction (relative recovery) at the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in rats by using zero‐net flux microdialysis method. Adult, male Sprague‐Dawley rats anesthetized with either chloral hydrate (400 mg/kg, i.p., with 80 mg/kg i.v. supplements) or pentobarbital sodium (50 mg/kg, i.p., with 10 mg/kg i.v. supplements) were used as treatment groups. Conscious rats were used as a control group. The basal extracellular concentration and in vivo recovery of DA in the conscious group were 2.38 ± 0.70 nM and 41 ± 6%. In comparison with the chloral hydrate group (1.51 ± 0.55 nM and 41 ± 9%) and the pentobarbital sodium group (2.81 ± 1.20 nM and 42 ± 4%), there were no significant effects of anesthesia on the basal extracellular concentration and the in vivo recovery of DA at the mPFC. Additionally, the basal extracellular concentration and the in vivo recovery of NA in the conscious group were 1.59 ± 0.37 nM and 51 ± 8%. There also were no significant differences of the basal extracellular concentration of NA among these three groups (chloral hydrate group: 4.38 ± 1.39 nM; pentobarbital group: 3.67 ± 0.90 nM). However, the conscious group had a higher in vivo recovery than the two anesthetized groups (chloral hydrate group: 16 ± 2%; pentobarbital group: 27 ± 5%). Based on these findings, we then concluded that pentobarbital sodium and chloral hydrate selectively suppressed NA's active processes (such as release, reuptake, and metabolism) but not DA's yet do not affect the basal extracellular concentrations of NA and DA at the mPFC. Therefore, anesthesia was accompanied by a selective change of the active processes of certain types of neurons but not by altering their basal extracellular concentrations. However, more studies are necessary to draw a relationship between these findings and the action of general anesthesia. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PET examination of the monoamine transporter with [11c]β‐CIT and [11c]β‐CFT in early parkinson's disease
Authors: Rinne Juha O. , Laihinen Arto , Någren Kjell , Ruottinen Hanna , Ruotsawnen Ulla , Rinne Urpo K. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe monoamine transporter was studied in 4 healthy controls and 5 patients with early Parkinson's disease (PD), who had not received any antiparkinsonian medication, by means of positron emission tomography (PET) using two novel ligands, [11C]β‐CIT and [11C]β‐CFT. Both ligands showed highest uptake in the striatum. There was intermediate accumulation of activity in the thalamus and midbrain, which was more marked for [11C]β‐CIT than for [11C]β‐CFT. In the cortical areas, uptake of both ligands was not different from that seen in the cerebellum. In the controls, the putamen‐to‐cerebellum and caudate‐to‐cerebellum ratios for [11C]β‐CFT were higher than those for [11C]β‐CIT (putamen: 3.15± 0.39 for [11C]β‐CFT, and 1.84 ±0.10 for [11C]CIP‐CIT caudate: 3.15±0.31 for [llC]P‐CFT, and 1.95±0.17 for [11C]β‐CIT). Reduction from mean control value in PD patients was greater for [11C]β‐CFT (45% in the putamen contralateral to the predominant symptoms, P < 0.001) than for [11C]β‐CIT(20%, P > 0.05). [11C]β‐CFT uptake in the caudate nucleus was also diminished in PD patients (to 80% of the control mean, P < 0.05), whereas [11C]β‐CIT was within normal range (reduced to 90% of the control mean). These results indicate that both [11C]β‐CIT and [11C]β‐CFT are useful PET ligands to study brain monoamine transporter in healthy controls and in patients with PD. However, [11C]β‐CFT seems superior to [11C]β‐CIT in this respect. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Protein kinase C inhibitors enhance the 5‐HT2A receptor‐mediated excitatory effects of serotonin on interneurons in rat piriform cortex
Authors: Marek Gerard J. , Aghajanian George K. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractPreviously it has been shown that excitatory effects of 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) upon interneurons in the rat piriform cortex are mediated by 5‐HT2A receptors. This receptor is linked to phosphoinositide turnover, and one consequence of stimulating this receptor is the activation of protein kinase C (PKC). In the present study, the effect of PKC inhibitors on the 5‐HT excitation of piriform cortical interneurons was examined by extracellular recording in a rat brain slice preparation. Bath application of the selective PKC inhibitors, bisindolylmalemide and chelerythrine, and the nonselective protein kinase inhibitor, H‐7, all enhanced the excitatory effects of 5‐HT. Two other nonselective protein kinase inhibitors, H‐8 and HA 1004, which are 2.5‐fold and 6.7‐ fold less potent than H‐7 at inhibiting PKC, produced a slight or no enhancement, respectively, of the excitatory effect of 5‐HT. Bisindolylmalemide, chelerythrine, and H‐7 did not enhance the excitatory effects of norepinephrine or carbachol on the same interneurons. The PKC activator phorboll2,13‐diacetate (PDA) decreased the excitatory effect of 5‐HT this decrease was rapidly reversed by H‐7. As inhibitors of PKC selectively enhanced rather than blocked the excitation by 5‐HT mediated by 5‐HT2A receptors, we conclude that activation of PKC does not mediate the excitation by 5‐HT of piriform cortical interneurons. Instead, we propose that PKC may have a negative feedback role in modulating the excitation by 5‐HT of piriform cortical interneurons. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biochemical adaptations in the mesolimbic dopamine system in response to heroin self‐administration
Authors: Self David W. , McClenahan Amanda W. , Beitner‐Johnson Dana , Terwilliger Rose Z. , Nestler Eric J. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that chronic, forced exposure to opiates produces specific biochemical adaptations in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and nucleus accumbens (NAc). The functional consequences of these adaptations have been hypothesized to contribute to certain motivational aspects of drug addiction. In this study, the possibility that similar adaptations could occur in response to intermittent heroin self‐administration was tested by comparing homogenates of VTA and NAc from rats self‐administering heroin, rats receiving yoked injections of heroin, and rats receiving yoked injections of saline (controls). Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity was increased (31–38%) in the VTA and decreased (11%) in the NAc of heroin‐exposed rats relative to controls. Heroin exposure also increased cAMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKA) activity in both particulate (19–27%) and soluble (17–20%) fractions of the NAc, and decreased (16–17%) the level of Giα, immunoreactivity in this brain region. In contrast, no significant biochemical changes were found in the substantia nigra or caudate‐puta‐men, indicating a selective effect on the mesolimbic dopamine system. Overall, adapta‐tions in the VTA and NAc of heroin‐exposed rats were similar to, but generally smaller in magnitude than, adaptations produced by chronic morphine administration. However, in contrast to morphine‐treated animals, heroin‐exposed animals failed to display overt signs of opiate physical dependence, suggesting that adaptations in motivational systems may occur more readily than adaptations in brain regions associated with physical dependence. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stimulation of cortical acetylcholine efflux by FG 7142 measured with repeated microdialysis sampling
Authors: Moore Holly , Stuckman Scott , Sarter Martin , Bruno John P. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe effects of the benzodiazepine receptor partial inverse agonist β‐carboline FG 7142 on cortical ACh efflux were determined using in vivo microdialysis in freely‐moving rats. Additionally, a within‐subjects, repeated‐dialysis experimental design (four microdialysis sessions; removable dialysis probe) was evaluated as a method for measuring changes in basal and FG 7142‐stimulated ACh efflux in the frontoparietal cortex. FG 7142 (4.0, 8.0, and 16.0 mg/kg) produced a 150–470% increase in cortical ACh efflux, with a dose‐dependent effect on the duration of the increase in efflux. Basal cortical ACh efflux was lower in session 4 than in session 1. However, the ability of FG 7142 to stimulate efflux was unchanged by repeated dialysis testing. The ability of tetrodotoxin (1.0 μM) to suppress both basal and FG 7142‐stimulated ACh efflux was also unaffected by repeated dialysis testing. These results demonstrate that systemically administered benzodiazepine receptor inverse agonists stimulate cortical ACh efflux, and that repeated‐measures experimental designs can be valid for determining certain changes in cortical ACh efflux with in vivo microdialysis. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prenatal cocaine exposure adversely affects development of the primate cerebral cortex
Authors: Lidow Michael S. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThis study was conducted to determine whether prenatal exposure to cocaine interferes with the development of the primate cerebral cortex. For this purpose, pregnant rhesus monkeys received cocaine orally (20 mg/kg/day in fruit or candy treats), twice a day from the 40th‐102nd days of pregnancy (E40‐E102), which is a period of corticogenesis in this species. The control group of pregnant animals received fruit or candy treats only. On E64 and E65, all animals received intravenous injections of [3H]thymidine. Monkeys were allowed to deliver at term. The offspring were sacrificed at age 2 months, and their brains were processed for histology and autoradiography. The analysis of cresyl violet‐stained sections showed that prenatal treatment with cocaine significantly altered lamination of the primate cerebral cortex, in some cases completely blending distinction between individual layers. In addition, autoradiographic analysis revealed that in the control animals, [3H]thymidine labeling concentrated in cortical layers V and/or IV depending on the cytoarchitectonic area observed. In contrast, drug‐ treated animals displayed labeled cells in the white matter and cortical layer VI in addition to layers V and IV, suggesting inability of cortical cells to reach proper cortical layers. The number of labeled cells was also much lower in these animals. Finally, immunocytochemical studies with antisera directed toward glial fibrillary acidic protein showed that prenatal exposure to cocaine had dramatic effect on the glial fibers normally observed in the upper cortical layers. In many cortical regions of cocaine‐treated animals, we observed practically no such fibers. This study demonstrates that cocaine administered during pregnancy can significantly affect the development of the primate cerebral cortex. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ultrasound antenatal diagnosis of cleft palate by a new technique: the 3D ‘reverse face’ view
Authors: Campbell S. , Lees C. , Moscoso G. , Hall P. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the clinical value of a novel three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound technique, the reverse face view (3D RF view), in the antenatal categorization of facial clefting and in particular clefting of the hard palate.MethodsEight cases of suspected orofacial clefting were examined by 3D surface rendering. The fetal lips and alveolar ridge were examined in the frontal plane and the face was then rotated through 180° on the vertical axis to examine the secondary palate by the 3D RF view.ResultsIn each case described, we were able to visualize the fetal face, lips and palate and make an antenatal diagnosis as to whether the palate was affected. In all cases, the antenatal diagnosis was subsequently confirmed. In one case with a left‐sided cleft in the lips and alveolar ridge and an intact hard palate, the correct diagnosis was made but a cleft in the soft palate was missed.ConclusionAlthough clefts of the lips and alveolar ridge are readily diagnosed on high‐quality antenatal ultrasound, visualization of the fetal palate using existing techniques is unreliable. In the patients described here, the 3D RF technique allowed relatively straightforward assessment of the fetal palate with a high degree of accuracy. Copyright © 2004 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Über Silikone, CXX. Organylierungen mit Hilfe von Organotriptychsiloxazolidinen
Authors: Müller R. , Frey H. J. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractMolekelmassenspektren positiver sowie negativer Ionen stützen die Annahme, daß bei Organotriptych‐siloxazolidinen (Silatranen) zwischen dem Stickstoff und dem dadurch pentacovalenten Silicium eine koordinativ‐covalente Bindung besteht. Mit den Alkyl‐ und Arylverbindungen können Silber‐Alkyle und‐Aryle dargestellt werden, die aber rasch unter Abscheidung von elementarem Silber zerfallen. Die Alkoxyverbindungen ergeben mit Silbernitrat dagegen zunächst Silberoxid. Mit Hilfe der Organo‐triptychsiloxazolidine lassen sich aber beständige Organoquecksilber‐, ‐antimon‐, ‐wismut‐und ‐bleiverbindungen darstellen.
Über Nitrosyl‐Metall‐Komplexe. IX. Kationische und neutrale Derivate des C5H5Mn(CO)2NO+‐Ions
Authors: Brunner H. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractBei der Umsetzung von C5H5Mn(CO)2NO+PF mit neutralen Donatoren L entstehen kationische Cyclopentadienyl‐nitrosyl‐mangan‐Derivate:
equation image
. Reine Disubstitutionsprodukte wurden isoliert mit L = Pyridin und 1, 2‐Bis‐(diphenyl‐phosphino)‐äthan; L = Triphenyl‐Phosphin dagegen ergab nur das entsprechende Monosubstitutionsprodukt. Das C5H5Mn(CO)2NO+C+‐Kation reagiert dabei wesentlich schneller als die isoelektronischen Verbindungen C5H5M(CO)2NO der VI. Nebengruppe und C5H5Mn(CO)3.Das Methylat‐Anion addiert sich sowohl in der monosubstituierten Verbindung C5H5Mn(CO)(NO)P(C6H5)PF als auch im unsubstituierten Komplex C5H5Mn(CO)2NO+PF an den Carbonyl‐Kohlenstoff. Basenadditionen an die NO‐Gruppe im disubstituierten C5H5Mn(NO)(C6H5)2PCH2CH2P(C6H5)PF ließ sich nicht durchführen. Der Nitrosyl‐Stickstoff in NO‐Komplexen ist also dem Angriff von Basen gegenüber wesentlich resistenter als der Carbonyl‐Kohlenstoff in Metall‐Carbonyl‐Verbindungen.
Über Chalkogenocarbonate. XXXVII. Untersuchungen über Dithiocarbamidsäure SC(SH)(NH2) 3. Alkalimetalldithiocarbamate M[SC(S)(NH2)]
Authors: Hahnkamm V. , Kiel G. , Gattow G. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractDie Dithiocarbamate M[SC(S)(NH2] mit M = K, Rb, Cs, [Φ4As] wurden hergestellt und mit Hilfe chemischer, röntgenographischer und IR‐spektroskopischer Methoden näher untersucht. Die Alkalimetalldithiocarbamate kristallisieren monoklin (pseudorhombisch) mit Z = 8 in der Raumgruppe I2/a–C oder IaC und sind mit der Hochtemperaturmodifikation (β) des NH4[SC(S)(NH2)] isostrukturell. Für diese Verbindungen ist die strukturchemische Volumenregel gut erfüllt.

. Die IR‐Spektren der Dithiocarbamate werden diskutiert.
Untersuchungen in den Systemen MCl2MWO4
Authors: Blechschmidt U. , Möbius R. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractDurch Auswertung der T‐ und ΔT‐Kurven und der Flächen der Eutektpeaks wurden die Schmelzdiagramme der System Erdalkalimetallchlorid‐Erdalkalimetallwolframat erhalten. Die Systeme sind von einfachem eutektischem Typ. Röntgenuntersuchungen ergaben keine Hinweise über phasenmäßige Veränderungen.
Untersuchungen von mechanisch aktivierten Kontakten. IX. Mechanisch aktivierte Eisenoxide als Konvertierungskantakte für Kohlenmonoxid
Authors: Schrader Richard , Vogelsberger Woleram 
Published: December 2004

AbstractDurch mechanochemische Reduktion von α‐Fe2O3 in H2‐Atmosphäre wird Magnetit hergestellt, der chargenweise in einer Schwingmühle nachaktiviert wird. Diese Fe3O4‐Proben werden als Kontakte für die CO‐Konvertierung getestet und ihre Festkörpereigenschaften mit verschiedenen Methoden untersucht. Die errechneten Korrelationskoeffizienten gestatten, die katalytische Aktivität mit dem physikalischen Zustand des Festkörpers zu erklären.
Sättigungsdrucke, Bildungsenthalpien von WOCl4und WO2Cl2und das Zersetzungsgleichgewicht 2WO2Cl2= WO3+ WOCl4,g
Authors: Oppermann H. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractDie Sättigungsdrucke des WOCl4und des WO2CL2und das Zersetzungsgleichgewicht des WO2Cl2wurden im Membrannullmanometer bestimmt und durch Ampullenabschreckversuche ergänzt. Aus der Temperaturabhängigkeit der Sättingungsdrucke wurden die Sublimationsenthalpien und ‐entropienberechnet. Aus der Temperaturabhängigkeit der Gleichgewichtskonstanten erhält man für die Zersetzung des festen WO2Cl2die Reaktionsenthalpie ΔH° (f, 573) = 31,5 (± 0,5) kcal und die Reaktionsentropie ΔS° (f, 573) = 48,7 (± 0,5,) cl. Für die Zersetzung des gasförmigen WO2Cl2erhält manAus den Lösungsenthalpien in 2n NaOH wurden die Bildungsenthalpienberechnet.Schließlich wurden die Standardentropien zuabgeschätzt.
High Pressure — High Temperature — Synthesis and Properties of Chromium Kyanite, (Al, Cr)2SiO5
Authors: Langer K. , Seifert F. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractBei Drücken bis zu 30 kb und Temperaturen von 1000–1500°C konnte in der Al2SiO5‐Modifikation Disthen (Kyanit) Al3+ durch Cr3+ bis zu einer Zusammensetzung (Al1,5Cr0,5)SiO5 substituiert werden. Die Gitterkonstanten ao, bo, co steigen im Verlauf der Substitution an, die triklinen Achsenwinkel α, β, γ bleiben praktisch unverändert. Cr3+ wird in die co‐parallelen Oktaederketten der Struktur eingebaut. Das Remissionsspektrum (240–1000 nm) zeigt außer den erlaubten d–d Übergängen des Cr3+ in oktaedrischer Koordination auch Interkombinationsbanden. Die Halbwertsbreite (∼ 3,8 kK), Lage und Gestalt der 10 Dq‐Bande weist auf eine Symmetrie nicht höher als D4h der Cr3+‐haltigen Oktaeder hin. Dies ist in Übereinstimmung mit der Strukturverfeinerung des reinen Disthens (Burnham 1963).
Schiff base derivatives of titanium(IV) and zirconium(IV)
Authors: Prashar P. , Tandon J. P. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe reactions of a few bifunctional and tridentate Schiff bases with titanium‐(IV) and zirconium(IV) isopropoxides in equimolar and bimolar ratios are described. The resulting compounds have been obtained in almost quantitative yields and are of the general formulae M(SB)x(OPri)4−2X (where M = Ti or Zr; SB‐ = anion of the Schiff base SBH2 and x = 1 or 2). Their molecular weights have been determined ebullioscopically and IR spectra recorded.
Darstellung und einige physikalisch‐chemische Eigenschaften des γ ‐FeOOD
Authors: Wolski W. , Burewicz A. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractEs wurde leichtes und schweres γ‐Eisenhydroxid durch Oxydation von Fe(OH)2 und Fe(OD)2 mit Luftsauerstoff erhalten. Die Darstellung von γ‐FeOOD darf nur in einem sehr begrenzten Intervall der Temperatur, der Fe2+‐Ionenkonzentration und der Zeit des Luftdurchleitens stattfinden. Selbst unter experimentell festgelegten optimalen Versuchsbedingungen sind die Kristallite von γ‐FeOOD nicht so gut ausgebildet wie bei gleich‐hergestelltem γ‐FeOOH.
Reduced cold pressor pain tolerance in non‐recovered whiplash patients: a 1‐year prospective study
Authors: Kasch Helge , Qerama Erisela , Bach Flemming Winther , Jensen Troels Staehelin 
Published: December 2004

AbstractWhiplash injury and chronic whiplash syndrome represent major health problems in certain western communities, pain being the main symptom. Sensitization of the nociceptive system may play a role for non‐recovery after whiplash injury.Aims: This study examined if tolerance to endure pain stimuli may predict outcome in whiplash injury.In a prospective fashion, 141 acute whiplash patients exposed to rear‐end car collision (WAD grade 1–3) and 40 ankle‐injured controls were followed and exposed to a cold pressor test, respectively, 1 week, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the injury. VAS score of pain and discomfort was obtained before, during and after immersion of the dominant hand into cold water for 2 min.The McGill Pain Questionnaire showed that ankle‐injured controls had higher initial pain scores than the corresponding whiplash group, while whiplash‐injured subjects had higher scores at 6 months; pain scores being similar at other time points. No difference was found in cold pressor pain between recovered whiplash patients and ankle‐injured subjects. Non‐recovery was only encountered in whiplash injury. Eleven non‐recovered whiplash patients (defined as: handicap after 1 year) showed reduced time to peak pain from 1 week to 3 months (P < 0.001), 6 months (P < 0.01), but not 12 months after the injury. A larger pain area was seen in non‐recovered vs. recovered whiplash‐injured subjects during the entire observation period (P < 0.001).Non‐recovery after whiplash was associated with initially reduced cold pressor pain endurance and increased peak pain, suggesting that dysfunction of central pain modulating control systems plays a role in chronic pain after acute whiplash injury.
Program note: applying the UN Process indicators for emergency obstetric care to the United States
Authors: Lobis S. , Fry D. , Paxton A. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe United Nations Process Indicators for emergency obstetric care (EmOC) have been used extensively in countries with high maternal mortality ratios (MMR) to assess the availability, utilization and quality of EmOC services. To compare the situation in high MMR countries to that of a low MMR country, data from the United States were used to determine EmOC service availability, utilization and quality. As was expected, the United States was found to have an adequate amount of good‐quality EmOC services that are used by the majority of women with life‐threatening obstetric complications.
Identification of mcl-1 as a BCR/ABL-dependent target in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML): evidence for cooperative antileukemic effects of imatinib and mcl-1 antisense oligonucleotides
Authors: Aichberger Karl J. , Mayerhofer Matthias , Krauth Maria-Theresa , Skvara Hans , Florian Stefan , Sonneck Karoline , Akgul Cahit , Derdak Sophia , Pickl Winfried F. , Wacheck Volker , Selzer Edgar , Monia Brett P. , Moriggl Richard , Valent Peter , Sillaber Christian 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAntiapoptotic members of the bcl-2 family have recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), a hematopoietic neoplasm associated with the BCR/ABL oncogene. We have examined expression of MCL-1 in primary CML cells and BCR/ABL-transformed cell lines. Independent of the phase of disease, isolated primary CML cells expressed myeloid cell leukemia-1 (mcl-1) mRNA and the MCL-1 protein in a constitutive manner. The BCR/ABL inhibitor imatinib (=STI571) decreased the expression of MCL-1 in these cells. Correspondingly, BCR/ABL enhanced mcl-1 promoter activity, mcl-1 mRNA expression, and the MCL-1 protein in Ba/F3 cells. BCR/ABL-dependent expression of MCL-1 in Ba/F3 cells was counteracted by the mitogen-activated protein-kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) inhibitor, PD98059, but not by the phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor, LY294002. Identical results were obtained for constitutive expression of MCL-1 in primary CML cells and the CML-derived cell lines K562 and KU812. To investigate the role of MCL-1 as a survival-related target in CML cells, mcl-1 siRNA and mcl-1 antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) were applied. The resulting down-regulation of MCL-1 was found to be associated with a substantial decrease in viability of K562 cells. Moreover, the mcl-1 ASO was found to synergize with imatinib in producing growth inhibition in these cells. Together, our data identify MCL-1 as a BCR/ABL-dependent survival factor and interesting target in CML. (Blood. 2005;105:3303-3311)