bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Net Clinical Benefit of Oral Anticoagulation Among Frail Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Søgaard Mette , Jensen Martin , Højen Anette Arbjerg , Larsen Torben Bjerregaard , Lip Gregory Y.H. , Ording Anne Gulbech , Nielsen Peter Brønnum 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:
Frail people with atrial fibrillation are often undertreated with oral anticoagulants (OACs), and evidence for the net clinical benefit (NCB) of OAC is sparse. We, therefore, examined the risk of thromboembolic events, major bleeding, and NCB of anticoagulation treatment.

METHODS:
This was a nationwide cohort study including frail patients aged with incident atrial fibrillation between 2013 and 2018. Patients were categorized according to OAC treatment exposure. One-year risks of thromboembolic events and major bleeding were ascertained where death was treated as a competing risk. The NCB of anticoagulation was assessed by a bivariate trade-off between thromboembolism and bleeding.

RESULTS:
We identified 36 223 frail patients with atrial fibrillation (median age, 79 years; 50.5% female), of whom 61.8% started OAC therapy, while 38.2% were untreated despite indication for stroke prevention. At 1 year, the risk of thromboembolic events was 2.1% (95% CI, 1.8%–2.3%) among patients not receiving OAC versus 1.5% (95% CI, 1.4%–1.7%) in patients with OAC. The bleeding risk was 3.2% (95% CI, 2.9%–3.5%) among patients without OAC versus 3.5% (95% CI, 3.2%–3.8%) among anticoagulated patients. The NCB was 0.70% (95% CI, 0.32%–1.08%), suggesting a benefit of OAC treatment; however, the NCB declined with age and increasing frailty and was lowest among patients >75 years of age or with high frailty level.

CONCLUSIONS:
Frail patients with atrial fibrillation are often untreated with OAC in routine clinical care despite an indication for stroke prevention. The NCB balancing thromboembolic events and major bleeding was in favor of anticoagulation but decreased with advancing age and increasing frailty.
Identification of Convective Boundary Layer Depth over the Great Lakes Region Using Aircraft Observations: A Comparison of Various Methods
Authors: Bhimireddy Sudheer R. , Kristovich David A. R. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This study evaluates the methods of identifying the height zi of the top of the convective boundary layer (CBL) during winter (December and January) over the Great Lakes and nearby land areas using observations taken by the University of Wyoming King Air research aircraft during the Lake-Induced Convection Experiment (1997/98) and Ontario Winter Lake-effect Systems (2013/14) field campaigns. Since CBLs facilitate vertical mixing near the surface, the most direct measurement of zi is that above which the vertical velocity turbulent fluctuations are weak or absent. Thus, we use zi from the turbulence method as the “reference value” to which zi from other methods, based on bulk Richardson number (Rib), liquid water content, and vertical gradients of potential temperature, relative humidity, and water vapor mixing ratio, are compared. The potential temperature gradient method using a threshold value of 0.015 K m−1 for soundings over land and 0.011 K m−1 for soundings over lake provided the estimates of zi that are most consistent with the turbulence method. The Rib threshold-based method, commonly used in numerical simulation studies, underestimated zi. Analyzing the methods’ performance on the averaging window zavg we recommend using zavg = 20 or 50 m for zi estimations for lake-effect boundary layers. The present dataset consists of both cloudy and cloud-free boundary layers, some having decoupled boundary layers above the inversion top. Because cases of decoupled boundary layers appear to be formed by nearby synoptic storms, we recommend use of the more general term, elevated mixed layers.

Significance Statement
The depth zi of the convective atmospheric boundary layer (CBL) strongly influences precipitation rates during lake-effect snowstorms (LES). However, various zi approximation methods produce significantly different results. This study utilizes extensive concurrently collected observations by project aircraft during two LES field studies [Lake-Induced Convection Experiment (Lake-ICE) and OWLeS] to assess how zi from common estimation methods compare with “reference” zi derived from turbulent fluctuations, a direct measure of CBL mixing. For soundings taken both over land and lake; with cloudy or cloud-free conditions, potential temperature gradient (PTG) methods provided the best agreement with the reference zi. A method commonly employed in numerical simulations performed relatively poorly. Interestingly, the PTG method worked equally well for “coupled” and elevated decoupled CBLs, commonly associated with nearby cyclones.
Operational Aviation Icing Forecast Algorithm for the Korea Meteorological Administration
Authors: Kim Eun-Tae , Kim Jung-Hoon , Kim Soo-Hyun , Morcrette Cyril 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this study, we developed and evaluated the Korean Forecast Icing Potential (K-FIP), an in-flight icing forecast system for the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) based on the simplified forecast icing potential (SFIP) algorithm. The SFIP is an algorithm used to postprocess numerical weather prediction (NWP) model forecasts for predicting potential areas of icing based on the fuzzy logic formulations of four membership functions: temperature, relative humidity, vertical velocity, and cloud liquid water content. In this study, we optimized the original version of the SFIP for the global NWP model of the KMA through three important updates using 34 months of pilot reports for icing as follows: using total cloud condensates, reconstructing membership functions, and determining the best weight combination for input variables. The use of all cloud condensates and the reconstruction of these membership functions resulted in a significant improvement in the algorithm compared with the original. The weight combinations for the KMA’s global model were determined based on the performance scores. While several sets of weights performed equally well, this process identified the most effective weight combination for the KMA model, which is referred to as the K-FIP. The K-FIP demonstrated the ability to successfully predict icing over the Korean Peninsula using observations made by research aircraft from the National Institute of Meteorological Sciences of the KMA. Eventually, the K-FIP icing forecasts will provide better forecasts of icing potentials for safe and efficient aviation operations in South Korea.

Significance Statement
In-flight aircraft icing has posed a threat to safe flights for decades. With advances in computing resources and an improvement in the spatiotemporal resolutions of numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, icing algorithms have been developed using NWP model outputs associated with supercooled liquid water. This study evaluated and optimized the simplified forecast icing potential, an NWP model–based icing algorithm, for the global model of the Korean Meteorological Administration (KMA) using a long-term observational dataset to improve its prediction skills. The improvements shown in this study and the SFIP implemented in the KMA will provide more informative predictions for safe and efficient air travel.
Jumping Asymmetries and Risk of Injuries in Preprofessional Ballet
Authors: MacSweeney Niall D.H. , Shaw Joseph W. , Simkin George P. , Pedlar Charles R. , Price Phil D.B. , Mahaffey Ryan , Cohen Daniel D. 
Published: January 2024

Background: Preprofessional ballet dancers are exposed to the risk of injuries, primarily in the lower extremities, with most injuries occurring during jumping and landing activities. Interlimb asymmetry during jumping and landing activities has been associated with the injury risk in adolescent athletes, but this has not been examined in dancers. Purpose: To investigate associations between interlimb asymmetry during a double-leg countermovement jump (DL-CMJ) and single-leg jump (SLJ) and the injury risk in adolescent preprofessional ballet dancers. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Adolescent preprofessional ballet dancers (N = 255) performed 3 DL-CMJs and 3 SLJs on force plates during annual screening. Absolute and directional (separate values for left and right limb dominance) asymmetries in a set of kinetic variables during a DL-CMJ and in jump height during an SLJ were calculated. Each variable was characterized as having “high” or “normal” asymmetry according to the percentage of asymmetry (greater than or less than or equal to, respectively, the mean ± 0.5 SD) based on the present sample. Risk ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs were calculated based on the injury incidence in the subsequent academic year. Results: Of the 242 dancers that satisfied the inclusion criteria, 128 injuries were observed in the subsequent academic year. In the whole sample, 3 absolute, 7 left limb–dominant, and 1 right limb–dominant kinetic asymmetry in the eccentric, concentric, and landing phases of the DL-CMJ as well as left limb–dominant jump height asymmetry in the SLJ were associated with a significant ( P < .001) increase in the injury risk (RR, 1.28-1.69 [95% CI, 1.02-2.37]). Separating by sex, asymmetries in the eccentric and landing phase of the DL-CMJ were not significant in boys, while in girls, RRs for asymmetries in the eccentric and landing phase of the DL-CMJ increased, and SLJ jump height asymmetry was not significant. Conclusion: Higher asymmetries in certain kinetic variables during the DL-CMJ and in jump height during the SLJ were associated with an elevated risk of injuries in elite preprofessional ballet dancers with some sex-specific differences. Associations were mainly identified for high left limb–dominant asymmetry in the takeoff phase, suggesting that the injury risk may be specific to a relative right limb deficit.
The correlation between academic stress, overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) and quality of life among healthy university students: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Abushamma Faris , Abu Alwafa Rola , Shbaita Sara , Aghbar Amir , Zyoud Sa’ed H , Hashim Hashim 
Published: January 2024

Introduction: This study aims to assess the presence of overactive bladder syndrome (OAB), academic stress, and their impact on quality of life (QoL) of healthy university students. Methods: A cross-sectional study recruited university students from different academic streams, between January 2021 to December 2021. Demographics, overactive bladder-validated 8 questionnaire (OAB-V8), International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Overactive Bladder Module (ICIQ-OAB) questionnaire, and Perception of Academic Stress (PAS) scale were collected. The correlation between the variables was assessed using the Social Sciences Statistical Package (SPSS) version 21. Results: Three hundred and 89 people met the inclusion criteria. There were 241 (62%) females, and 248 (63.8%) of the students were under the age of 22. Four academic streams were included: Engineering 96 (24.7%), Humanities 121 (31.1%), Medicine 85 (21.8%) and Nursing 87 (22.4%). OAB was found among 103 (26%) students. The mean OAB-V8 score was 5.8 ± 6.6. The mean PAS scale was 53.9 ± 9.4. The mean ICIQ-OAB score was 1.5 (0–9). Male gender 62 (60%), smoking 42 (40.8%), academic stream (Humanity 40 (38.8%)) and year (third and fourth-year students 34 (33%) and 33 (32%), respectively) have a statistically significant positive correlation with OAB ( p < 0.001). Humanity stream (mean rank 169.2) and junior students (first and second years with mean rank of 174 and 177), respectively, had high level of academic stress and low PAS scale. There is a weak but statistically significant inverse correlation between OAB and the PAS scale ( r = −0.211) ( p < 0.001). Conclusion: OAB is prevalent among healthy university students and is directly related to academic stress. Both OAB and academic stress have impact on quality of life. We hope this study will help to raise awareness of OAB among university students to early identify and treat such a condition, avoiding unnecessary bother among healthy university students.
Through the Eyes of a Young Carer: A Photo Elicitation Study of Protective Resilience
Authors: Hawken Tamsyn , Barnett Julie , Gamble-Turner Julie M. 
Published: January 2024

Caregiving is recognised as a source of stress with potential for negative health impacts as well as positive outcomes and development of resilience. For young carers, children, and adolescents providing care for close family members, adaptation through resilience is crucial, yet work using a resilience approach is limited. This study explored protective factors and pathways to resilience in a sample of young carers, through application of the socioecological model in caring relationships. An in-depth qualitative approach was used, with in-person interviews facilitated by auto-driven photo elicitation. Deductive thematic analysis was applied, framed by three levels (individual, community, and society) of the socioecological model of resilience. Twelve participants (nine girls and three boys) aged 5–18 years, each providing care to a family member, were recruited using opportunity and volunteer sampling via carers’ centres in the southwest of England. Ten key themes were identified, four at the individual level: pre-empting challenges and planning, cognitive strategies, emotional strategies, and seeking solitude; three at the community level: family support, friendships, and pets and inanimate objects; and three at the society level: professional support, access to caregiver activities and community, and being outdoors. The location of themes at each level indicated relevance of the socioecological model to identification of protective factors in a young carer population. These findings have important applications for guidance to charities and organisations supporting young carers. Identification of factors that promote resilience offers support for the development of well-informed interventions, which harness these protective factors to develop resilience and improve health for young carers.
COVID-19 outcomes in patients with multiple sclerosis: Understanding changes from 2020 to 2022
Authors: Jeantin Lina , Januel Edouard , Labauge Pierre , Maillart Elisabeth , de Seze Jérôme , Zéphir Hélène , Pelletier Jean , Kerschen Philippe , Biotti Damien , Heinzlef Olivier , Guilloton Laurent , Bensa Caroline , Théaudin Marie , Vukusic Sandra , Casez Olivier , Maurousset Aude , Laplaud David , Berger Eric , Lebrun-Frenay Christine , Bourre Bertrand , Branger Pierre , Stankoff Bruno , Clavelou Pierre , Thouvenot Eric , Manchon Eric , Moreau Thibault , Sellal François , Zedet Mickaël , Papeix Caroline , Louapre Céline 
Published: January 2024

Background: Epidemiologic studies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) have focused on the first waves of the pandemic until early 2021. Objectives: We aimed to extend these data from the onset of the pandemic to the global coverage by vaccination in summer 2022. Methods: This retrospective, multicenter observational study analyzed COVISEP registry data on reported COVID-19 cases in pwMS between January 2020 and July 2022. Severe COVID-19 was defined as hospitalization or higher severity. Results: Among 2584 pwMS with confirmed/highly suspected COVID-19, severe infection rates declined from 14.6% preomicron wave to 5.7% during omicron wave ( p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified age (odds ratio (OR) = 1.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [1.25–1.64] per 10 years), male sex (OR = 2.01, 95% CI = [1.51–2.67]), obesity (OR = 2.36, 95% CI = [1.52–3.68]), cardiac comorbidities (OR = 2.36, 95% CI = [1.46–3.83]), higher Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores (OR = 2.09, 95% CI = [1.43–3.06] for EDSS 3–5.5 and OR = 4.53, 95% CI = [3.04–6.75] for EDSS ⩾6), and anti-CD20 therapies (OR = 2.67, 95% CI = [1.85–3.87]) as risk factors for COVID-19 severity. Vaccinated individuals experienced less severe COVID-19, whether on (risk ratio (RR) = 0.64, 95% CI = [0.60–0.69]) or off (RR = 0.32, 95% CI = [0.30–0.33]) anti-CD20. Discussion: In pwMS, consistent risk factors were anti-CD20 therapies and neurological disability, emerging as vital drivers of COVID-19 severity regardless of wave, period, or vaccination status.
Longitudinally extensive posterolateral myelitis revealing invasive CNS aspergillosis in an immunocompetent patient
Authors: Jeantin Lina , Leclercq Delphine , Tran Suzanne , Maillart Elisabeth , Reina Vincent , Fekkar Arnaud , Lanternier Fanny , Marois Clémence , Celier Adam 
Published: January 2024

Background: Fungal infections of the central nervous system usually affect immunocompromised patients. Primary Aspergillus myelitis has never been described. Report: A 45-year-old immunocompetent male with subacute paraplegia was treated for inflammatory myelitis before clinical deterioration requiring mechanical ventilation. Purulent meningitis preceded the formation of a paraspinal nodule biopsied by neurosurgery. Histopathological analysis revealed the presence of fungal hyphae, and polymerase chain reaction was positive for Aspergillus fumigatus. No cause of immunodeficiency was identified in this patient. Discussion: Primary Aspergillus myelitis may be confused with inflammatory myelitis and should be considered even in the absence of apparent immunosuppression.
Application of Uterine Artery Embolization in Patients With Placenta Accreta Spectrum After Abdominal Aortic Balloon Occlusion
Authors: Zhang Kai , Cheng Shuqin , Zhi Yunxiao , Lu Lin , Yi Mingsheng , Cui Shihong 
Published: January 2024

Objective To evaluate the application of different uterine artery embolization procedures under balloon occlusion of the abdominal aorta in patients with Placenta Accreta Spectrum (PAS) undergoing cesarean section. Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on clinical data from 72 patients who underwent uterine artery embolization for hemostasis during cesarean section with PAS. The patients were divided into two groups according to the embolization method used during surgery: group A (n = 43) underwent uterine artery embolization by withdrawing the balloon and inserting a Cobra catheter into the uterine artery for embolization, while group B (n = 29) underwent uterine artery embolization with a Cobra catheter inserted via contralateral puncture of the femoral artery and balloon occlusion. General information, surgical data, and postoperative recovery were compared between the 2 groups. Results The bleeding and transfusion volumes were lower in group B than in group A and the differences between the 2 groups were statistically significant. There were no significant differences in surgical duration, number of embolized vessels, length of hospital stay, postoperative complications, or menstrual recovery between the 2 groups. Conclusion For patients with PAS undergoing cesarean section, uterine artery embolization for hemostasis is preferably performed by inserting a Cobra catheter via contralateral puncture of the femoral artery under abdominal aortic balloon occlusion.
Mental Health in Elite Coaches
Authors: Baumann Laura , Schneeberger Andres Ricardo , Currie Alan , Iff Samuel , Seifritz Erich , Claussen Malte Christian 
Published: January 2024

Context: Coaches play an important role in promoting mental health in elite sports. However, they themselves are exposed to risks affecting their mental health, and their fears and worries are often overlooked. Moreover, it remains unclear how coaches’ mental health affects their athletes’ mental health. Objective: To create a compilation of the literature on (1) elite coaches’ mental health and (2) how coaches’ mental health influences elite athletes’ mental health. Building on this, recommendations for improving coaches’ psychological well-being should be elaborated upon and discussed. Data Sources: A literature search was conducted up to November 30, 2021, using the following databases: PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, and SportDiscus. Study Selection: Studies reporting elite coaches’ mental health symptoms and disorders and the influence of elite coaches’ mental health on elite athletes’ mental health were included. Study Design: Scoping review. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Data Extraction: Data regarding elite coaches’ mental health, as well as their influence on athletes’ mental health and performance, were included in a descriptive analysis. The PRISMA guidelines were used to guide this review. Results: Little research has been done on elite coaches’ mental health disorders, although studies confirm that they do experience, for example, symptoms of burnout, anxiety, and depression. The influence of coaches’ mental health on their athletes is underinvestigated, with research focused mainly on the influence of coaches’ stress. Conclusion: Knowledge about coaches’ mental health is still limited. Coaches’ poor mental health diminishes coaching performance and might impair athletes’ mental health. Coaches should receive more support, including sports psychiatric care and education on the importance of mental health. This could improve the mental health of both coaches and athletes, and positively affect athlete performance.
Development of Singapore English speech audiometry test materials
Authors: Chue Christel Li Hui , Soh Kimberly Wanxian , Mohamed Alias Nurul Jannah , Loo Jenny Hooi Yin 
Published: January 2024

Background Speech audiometry is utilised for diagnostic and rehabilitative purposes. Speech audiometry involves materials linguistic in nature. The ideal protocol is to have a tester who is a native or at least a fluent speaker of that language to conduct the test on a native listener. Except for a set of psychometrically equivalent word recordings that have yet to be validated, no other existing speech audiometry materials have been developed in Singapore English. Objective This study aims to develop and validate a local set of phonemically balanced English word lists for use on Singaporeans. Methods The first phase encompassed the development of spondaic and phonemically-balanced monosyllabic word lists for Speech Reception Threshold (SRT) and Word Recognition Score (WRS) testing. The second phase established perceptual equivalence across the monosyllabic word lists. The third phase encompassed the validation of these materials on 72 normal-hearing and hearing-impaired Singaporeans between 21 to 80 years old. Participants were tested with two spondaic and six monosyllabic word lists. Participants’ SRT and WRS values were analysed. Results The mean SRT and pure tone audiometry (PTA) average difference was 5.79 dB. All 43 normal-hearing participants achieved a maximum WRS of 100%, at an average presentation level of 28.1 dB above their PTA average. Test-retest analysis revealed clinically insignificant differences across all word lists. Conclusion The test materials are validated to be suitable for testing on Singaporean English speakers. Normative SRT and WRS data for Singaporeans have also been established.