bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dissociating the Contributions of Frontal Eye Field Activity to Spatial Working Memory and Motor Preparation
Authors: Jonikaitis Donatas , Noudoost Behrad , Moore Tirin 
Published: October 2023

Neurons within dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) of primates are characterized by robust persistent spiking activity exhibited during the delay period of working memory tasks. This includes the frontal eye field (FEF) where nearly half of the neurons are active when spatial locations are held in working memory. Past evidence has established the FEF's contribution to the planning and triggering of saccadic eye movements as well as to the control of visual spatial attention. However, it remains unclear whether persistent delay activity reflects a similar dual role in movement planning and visuospatial working memory. We trained male monkeys to alternate between different forms of a spatial working memory task which could dissociate remembered stimulus locations from planned eye movements. We tested the effects of inactivation of FEF sites on behavioral performance in the different tasks. Consistent with previous studies, FEF inactivation impaired the execution of memory-guided saccades (MGSs), and impaired performance when remembered locations matched the planned eye movement. In contrast, memory performance was largely unaffected when the remembered location was dissociated from the correct eye movement response. Overall, the inactivation effects demonstrated clear deficits in eye movements, regardless of task type, but little or no evidence of a deficit in spatial working memory. Thus, our results indicate that persistent delay activity in the FEF contributes primarily to the preparation of eye movements and not to spatial working memory.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMany frontal eye field (FEF) neurons exhibit spatially tuned persistent spiking activity during the delay period of working memory tasks. However, the role of the FEF in spatial working memory remains unresolved. We tested the effects of inactivation of FEF sites on behavioral performance in different forms of a spatial working memory task, one of which dissociated the remembered stimulus locations from planned eye movements. We found that FEF inactivation produced clear deficits in eye movements, regardless of task type, but no deficit in spatial working memory when dissociated from those movements.
Dynamic reversibility of α‐synuclein serine‐129 phosphorylation is impaired in synucleinopathy models
Authors: Ramalingam Nagendran , Brontesi Lisa , Jin Shan‐Xue , Selkoe Dennis J , Dettmer Ulf 
Published: October 2023

Abstractα‐Synuclein phosphorylation at serine‐129 (pS129) is a widely used surrogate marker of pathology in Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies. However, we recently demonstrated that phosphorylation of S129 is also a physiological activator of synaptic transmission. In a feed‐forward fashion, neuronal activity triggers reversible pS129. Here, we show that Parkinson's disease‐linked missense mutations in SNCA impact activity‐dependent pS129. Under basal conditions, cytosol‐enriched A30P, H50Q, and G51D mutant forms of α‐synuclein exhibit reduced pS129 levels in rat primary cortical neurons. A53T pS129 levels are similar to wild‐type, and E46K pS129 levels are higher. A30P and E46K mutants show impaired reversibility of pS129 after stimulation. For the engineered profoundly membrane‐associated α‐synuclein mutant “3K” (E35K + E46K + E61K), de‐phosphorylation was virtually absent after blocking stimulation, implying that reversible pS129 is severely compromised. Importantly, pS129 excess resulting from proteasome inhibition is also associated with reduced reversibility by neuronal inhibition, kinase inhibition, or phosphatase activation. Our findings suggest that perturbed pS129 dynamics are probably a shared characteristic of pathology‐associated α‐synuclein, with possible implications for synucleinopathy treatment and diagnosis.
The concentration of glucose in the media influences the susceptibility of stallion spermatozoa to ferroptosis
Authors: Martín-Cano Francisco E , Gaitskell-Phillips Gemma , da Silva-Álvarez Eva , Silva-Rodríguez Antonio , Castillejo-Rufo Alba , Tapia José Antonio , Gil María Cruz , Ortega-Ferrusola Cristina , Peña Fernando J 
Published: October 2023

In brief
Although common in many commercial extenders, supraphysiological concentrations of glucose in the media may be detrimental to stallion spermatozoa. In this study, we present evidence that these elevated glucose levels may predispose spermatozoa to ferroptosis.

Abstract
Stallion spermatozoa depend on oxidative phosphorylation as their major source of ATP; however, the metabolism of these cells is complex and a great degree of metabolic plasticity exists. The composition of the media in which the spermatozoa are extended, or exposed to in the mare’s reproductive tract, exerts a profound effect on sperm function and may even accelerate cell demise. Recent research indicates that high concentrations of glucose in the media, although common in commercial extenders, may be detrimental. To determine if supraphysiological glucose concentration may induce or predispose to ferroptosis (a caspase-independent form of programmed cell death, triggered by oxidative stress), stallion spermatozoa were incubated under different concentrations of glucose, 67 mM (HG) or 1 mM plus 10 mM pyruvate (LG-HP), in the presence or absence of known inductors of ferroptosis. Furthermore, we developed a single-cell flow metabolic assay to identify different metabolic phenotypes in spermatozoa. Storage and incubation of spermatozoa under high glucose concentrations led to an increase in the percentage of necrotic spermatozoa (P < 0.0001). Moreover, ferroptosis was induced more intensely in sperm in media with high glucose concentrations (P < 0.0001). Finally, we observed that induction of ferroptosis modified two proteins (oxoglutarate dehydrogenase and superoxide dismutase 2) in spermatozoa incubated in media containing 67 mM glucose but not in media containing 1 mM glucose and 10 mM pyruvate. The composition of the media, especially the concentration of glucose, exerts a major impact on the functionality and life span of the spermatozoa. The results reported here may pave the way for improvements in existing semen extenders.
Media Reality of Modern Education: Historiography of the Problem of Media Literacy and Media Competence
Authors: Loboda Svitlana 
Published: October 2023

The modern educational paradigm exists in media reality. Accordingly, the challenges and trends of the modern educational space are formed around the problem of media literacy and media competence. The aim of the study is to analyze the best educational practices of the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom in the sphere of media literacy and media competence in order to identify the innovative potential of modern reforms, understand and realize modern processes in education, and design its future.
The research is based on the analysis of contemporary scientific and pedagogical discourse around the issue of media literacy and media competence. The study of this issue is based on a comprehensive retrospective analysis of the works of scholars from the United States, as well as Canada, the United Kingdom. The author analyzes the historiography of this issue, which reflects different stages of its development, using a complex of historiographical and historical-comparative methods and approaches.
The results of the study made it possible to identify and describe the content, focus, specificity and factors of the development of the problem of media literacy and media competence as key components of the transformation processes of the modern educational paradigm and determine the value-content orientations of scientific and pedagogical discourse.
Based on the results of the analysis of the historiography of the problem, it is concluded that the theoretical basis of the problem of media literacy and media competence is made up of pedagogical, sociological, psychological and philosophical theories; the impact of media on the formation of the individual in particular and the community in general; research on information and information-psychological security of the individual; provisions on the influence of the mass media on the formation of personal qualities and behavior; provisions on the impact of informatization on the learning process; research on psychological protection of the individual in the information environment; research on the phenomenon of information culture; concepts of personal information culture development; general scientific provisions of the theory and history of the periodical press and its influence on the formation of consciousness; a provision on the need to enrich pedagogical experience by combining the best examples of pedagogical theory and practice from different countries in order to preserve universal values, ideals and individual rights.
Arithmetic Mean-Geometric Mean Inequality for Convex Fuzzy Sets
Authors: Singh Dashrath , Singh Jai N. 
Published: October 2023

Convex analysis is a discipline of mathematics dedicated to the explication of the properties of convex sets and convex functions. Convex functions are extremely useful in proving many famous inequalities in mathematics. It is widely known that inequalities defined by convex functions originated with the works done by Holder and Jensen among others and applied to modeling a variety of problems both in hard and soft sciences. It is said that the arsenal of an analyst is heavily stocked with inequalities. Studies related to convexity have kept occupying a central position in almost all areas of mathematics, especially in functional analysis and operations research. Following the emergence of fuzzy set theory, fuzzy convexity alongside a number of related concepts has been explicated. However, not much has been done regarding fuzzy inequalities defined by fuzzy convexity. In this paper, a novel attempt to study arithmetic mean-geometric mean is proposed. In this short note, we provide two proofs of the arithmetic mean-geometric mean inequality for convex fuzzy sets.
Mathematics Subject Classification 2020: 03E72, and 94D05.
The COVID-19 Pandemic and Parental Attitudes Toward Routine Childhood Vaccines
Authors: Higgins David M. , Moss Angela , Blackwell Sarah , O’Leary Sean T. 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may have impacted parental attitudes toward childhood vaccines. However, few data sources followed attitudes before and after onset of the pandemic. We used data from a parental survey to describe the effect of the pandemic on parental attitudes toward childhood vaccines.

METHODS
Data were analyzed from the Health eMoms survey which randomly sampled birthing parents in Colorado from 2018 to 2021 on several health topics including vaccine hesitancy. Population weighted multivariable regression was used to measure the association between overall vaccine hesitancy and 5 individual hesitancy questions and different COVID-19 pandemic periods: prepandemic (April 2018–February 2020); pandemic prevaccine (April 2020–December 2020); and pandemic postvaccine (January 2021–August 2021), adjusting for demographic factors.

RESULTS
Overall, 20.4% (726/3553) of respondents were vaccine hesitant. Vaccine hesitancy during pandemic time periods was not different from the prepandemic period (prevaccine adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.65–1.04; postvaccine aOR = 1.07, 95% CI = 0.85–1.34). In analyses of individual hesitancy questions, parents were more likely to be unsure about trusting vaccine information in the pandemic postvaccine time period compared with the prepandemic period (aOR = 2.14; 95% CI = 1.55–2.96), and less likely to be unsure about their hesitancy toward childhood vaccines (aOR = 0.48; 95% CI = 0.27–0.84).

CONCLUSIONS
The COVID-19 pandemic was not associated with changes in parental vaccine hesitancy overall, although there were changes in trust about vaccine information and a polarization of vaccination attitudes.
Inteligencias múltiples, personalidad y rendimiento académico: estudio exploratorio de sus asociaciones
Authors: Rodríguez Ubaldo Enrique , Velandia Arias Camilo Javier 
Published: October 2023

Aunque las inteligencias múltiples y la personalidad poseen amplios desarrollos teóricos, el análisis de su relación con el rendimiento académico en el contexto universitario carece de antecedentes empíricos. Por ello, el objetivo de este estudio fue identificar las relaciones entre el sexo, las inteligencias múltiples, la personalidad y el rendimiento académico. Es de tipo correlacional con muestreo no probabilístico intencional. Participaron 572 estudiantes universitarios con edades entre 15 y 22 años (M=17,5; DE=1,5), 55,5% mujeres, quienes diligenciaron la Escala de Inteligencias Múltiples y el Cuestionario de Dieciséis Factores de Personalidad, y cuyo rendimiento académico fue reportado por la universidad. Se aplicó correlación bivariada de Pearson y análisis de varianza de dos factores teniendo en cuenta el coeficiente F (Fisher-Snedecor) y lectura del valor p, obteniendo correlaciones significativas positivas y negativas, así como diferencias en las varianzas según el sexo. Se concluye que existe relación entre las inteligencias múltiples y el rendimiento académico, y que la Inteligencia Kinestésica y la Abstracción son factores inversos a los valores estimados del rendimiento académico. Deben continuar las investigaciones en esta área.
Neurological disorders imitating spinal stenosis in elderly patients. Series of clinical observations
Authors: Seliverstova E. G. , Kordonskiy A. Y. , Druzhinina E. S. , Romanenko E. K. , Grin A. A. 
Published: October 2023

Spinal stenosis is a pathological narrowing of the central spinal canal, lateral pocket, or intervertebral foramen due to age‑related changes, including pathology of the discs, facet joints, ligament hypertrophy, osteophyte formation and destruction of the arches. Clinically, the disease can manifest itself with pain, as well as numbness, or weakness in the arms or legs. The complexity of differential diagnosis is due to the lack of correlation between the degree of stenosis according to neuroimaging data and the severity of clinical manifestations. Spinal stenosis among 21 % of people may have an asymptomatic course.Spinal stenosis has to be differentiated from atherosclerosis of the vessels of the lower extremities, rheumatoid arthritis, piriformis syndrome, sacroiliitis, spondylitis/spondylodiscitis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Guillain–Barré syndrome and other polyneuropathies. Isolated weakness should be of a particular concern in the clinical picture. Muscle hypotrophy, brisk tendon reflexes, the presence of pyramidal signs, muscle fasciculations, as well as patients’ complaints of simultaneous weakness in both the upper and lower extremities accompany them.We present and discuss three clinical cases of patients with a presumptive diagnosis of spinal stenosis. Two of them were held surgical treatment, which did not produce the expected result. Subsequently, it was found that the cause of progressive muscle weakness in the limbs was amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in two patients and the third one had Guillain–Barré syndrome, a form of acute demyelinating polyneuropathy.
Morphogenetic characteristics of glial tumors in adults per the WHO classifications of 2007, 2016, 2021. Changes in the classifications and their significance for clinical practice
Authors: Krylov V. V. , Evzikov G. Yu. , Kobyakov G. L. 
Published: October 2023

The presented lecture is dedicated to analysis of morphogenetic characteristics of glial tumors in adults in the framework of the World Health Organization (WHO) classifications of 2007, 2016, 2021, changes in the classifications and their significance for clinical practice. This topic is important because the most difficult changes for neurosurgeons to understand in comparison of the WHO classifications of 2007, 2016 and 2021 involved sections on glial tumors and children’s tumors.The authors focus on increasing practical significance of genetic component in tumor characterization. The classification of 2007 was the last purely morphological classification of central nervous system tumors, it did not include genetic principles of tumor division in different groups. In the following years, knowledge on the significance of various mutations for prognosis of glial tumor progression and selection of optimal treatment based in genetic characteristics of the neoplasm has been actively accumulated. In the 2016 edition, morphological and genetic tumor characteristics were consolidated for the first time which was unquestionably a necessary step. Complex integrative analysis of glioma genomes has shown that genetic characteristics have higher prognostic value compared to the WHO Grade. In the classification of 2021, names of the tumors proposed in 2016 were changed, and practical significance of the genetic component in tumor characterization was increased. However, this can further complicate interpretation of histological diagnosis by practicing neurosurgeons.Implementation of the 2021 WHO classification in clinical practice assumes expansion of the spectrum of genetic diagnostic methods. The neurosurgical community should be ready to interpret morphogenetic results and select treatment tactics in tandem with oncologists based on genetic characteristics of the tumor.
Resection of giant sigmoid cancer metastasis in the skull bone with extra-, intracranial distribution
Authors: Voinov N. E. , Ulitin A. Yu. , Lavrovsky P. V. , Dikonenko M. V. , Safarov B. I. , Sklyar S. S. , Sitovskaya D. A. , Nechaeva A. S. , Vershinin A. E. , Sokolov I. A. 
Published: October 2023

The most common secondary target organs in patients with colorectal cancer are the liver and lungs. Cranial metastases from sigmoid colon cancer are rare. Giant cranial metastases are currently diagnosed in exceptional cases.The article presents a clinical case of a secondary extra‑intracranial lesion with a stable primary tumor focus in the sigmoid colon in a young patient with a high functional status.
Strategi Bertahan Hidup Keluarga Petani Padi Masyarakat Desa Tinggiran Baru Kabupaten Barito Kuala
Authors: Efendi Noor , Khairussalam  
Published: October 2023

Musim paceklik merupakan keadaan dimana petani minim melakukan pekerjaan di persawahan atau petani tidak memiliki aktivitas apapun di persawahan, dalam musim paceklik ini terdapat setidaknya 1 kali menemukan musim paceklik. Dalam menghadapi kondisi ini beberapa petani melakukan cara dan strategi untuk mengatasi kesulitan-kesulitan ataupun memanfaatkan peluang pada musim paceklik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana cara keluarga petani untuk bertahan hidup selama musim paceklik. Lokasi penelitian di Desa Tinggiran Baru kecamatan Mekarsari Kab. Barito Kuala. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam. Penelitian menggunakan teori James C. Sccott, yakni dahulukan selamat, mengikat sambuk lebih kencang, alternatif subsistensi, jaringan dan lembaga di luar keluarga. Didapatkan hasil bahwa ; interkasi keluarga petani lebih kondusif, kelaurga petani memiliki hubungan yang baik yaitu hubungan terhadap didalam keluarga mencakup ayah anak dan istri, hubungan terhadap tetangga, hubungan terhadap keluarga petani yang, terhadap masyarakat, dan terhadap pemerintah desa terbilang baik. Keluarga petani mengikat sabuk lebih kencang, keluarga petani memiliki strategi dengan memanfaatkan alam sekitar, mengurangi ongkos jajan harian, menganti makanan dengan kualitas lebih rendah. Alternatif subsistensi keluarga petani memiliki banyak opsi pekerjaan sampingan seperti pekerjaan ringan berat seperti; memancing, merantau, jualan, jadi buruh harian dan lainnya. Relasi jaringan memanfaatkan keluarga yang ada dalam membantu seperti anak dan istri untuk bekerja, meminta bantuan kepada tetangga, kepada tuan tanah dan sebagainya.
Dampak Menonton Drama Bergenre Boys Love Terhadap Penerimaan LGBTQ+ oleh Fujoshi di FISIP ULM
Authors: Teriana Putri Elma , Pura Damaiyanti Varinia 
Published: October 2023

Boys love adalah drama yang menceritakan hubungan romantis antara sesama laki-laki. Fokus penelitian membahas bagaimana dampak menonton drama bergenre boys love terhadap penerimaan LGBTQ+ oleh fujoshi di FISIP ULM. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus, teknik pengumpulan datanya melalui hasil observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi sedangkan informan ditentukan menggunakan metode snowball. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan dampak positif dan negatif yang dirasakan oleh para informan, yaitu menambah pengetahuan, memperluas dan mengembangkan perspektif diri, meningkatkan pemahaman mengenai masalah kaum LGBTQ+, media pembelajaran, dan media hiburan sebagai dampak positifnya. Sedangkan dampak negatifnya adalah tidak bisa memisahkan antara dunia nyata dan fiksi, mendapat stigma negatif, menyimpang dari norma sosial dan menutupi identitas diri sebagai seorang penikmat drama homoseksual. Dampak-dampak tersebut juga mempengaruhi penerimaan para informan kepada kaum LGBTQ+, yaitu menerima secara pasif komunitas LGBTQ+; penerimaan yang menyadari perbedaan antara masyarakat heteroseksual dengan komunitas LGBTQ+ namun keberadaanya masih tidak bermakna bagi informan; penerimaan dimana mereka mengakui adanya komunitas LGBTQ+ dan menyadari makna dan arti dari komunitas ini; serta penerimaan adanya sikap, pikiran yang terbuka, sehingga informan mengerti dan memahami keadaan yang dialami oleh komunitas LGBTQ+ ini. Penerimaan kepada komunitas LGBTQ+ oleh para informan juga berbeda-beda tergantung faktor lingkungan, agama, budaya, pengalaman dan pemahaman akan LGBTQ+. Oleh karena itu, penerimaan informan terhadap LGBTQ+ tidak hanya tergantung dengan genre boys love namun juga dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain di lingkungan kehidupannya.
Understanding the experiences of small-scale commercial afforestation farmers and governance conflicts in Manguzi, South Africa: Political Ecology Perspective
Authors: SIBIYA LINDOKUHLE DENIS , Moyo Inocent 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Small-scale commercial afforestation has always played a vital role in stimulating rural livelihoods in South Africa and across the globe. This paper explores the lived experiences of small-scale commercial afforestation farmers in Manguzi, South Africa. This study aimed to investigate and understand the factors that influence these farmers to get involved in this afforestation and explore the impacts on their livelihoods. This paper also investigates the conflict between the farmers and the Department of Water and Sanitation over the policies that control afforestation practices and water use in South Africa. Following a qualitative approach, 26 small-scale farmers were interviewed, and data were analysed using thematic analysis. The findings indicate that this type of afforestation is the only economic activity that has been able to earn rural dwellers a living for more than 30 years in Manguzi, however, it has succeeded at the expense of water resources which is concerning to the conflicted department. Following political ecology, we argue that environmental issues in Manguzi are the results of socio-economic conditions and that asymmetric power relations exist between the farmers and the conflicted department. The study recommends implementing integrated rural development strategies in Manguzi and providing entrepreneurship training to explore other economic opportunities.