bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydroxy apatite microspheres enhance gap junctional intercellular communication of human osteoblasts composed of connexin 43 and 45
Authors: Nakaoka Ryusuke , Ahmed Saifuddin , Tsuchiya Toshie 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe aseptic loosening of artificial joints with associated periprosthetic bone resorption may be partly due to the suppression of osteoblast function to form new bone by wear debris from the joint. To assess the effect of wear debris on osteoblasts, effects of model wear debris on gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) of normal human osteoblasts were estimated. The GJIC activity of the osteoblasts after a 1‐day incubation with the microspheres was similar to that of normal osteoblasts. However, hydroxy apatite particles, which have been reported to enhance the differentiation of osteoblasts in contact with them, enhanced the GJIC function of the osteoblasts. From RT‐PCR studies, not only connexin 43 but also connexin 45 is suggested to play a role in the GJIC of the osteoblasts in an early stage of coculture with the microspheres, although it is still unclear how these connexins work and are regulated in the GJIC and differentiation. However, this study suggests that there is a relationship between the early levels of GJIC and the differentiation of the cells. Therefore, estimating the effect of biomaterials, even in the microsphere form, on the GJIC of model cells, with which the biomaterials may be in contact in vivo, can provide important information about their biocompatibility. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2005
Substituent effects on heats of formation, group interactions, and detonation properties of polyazidocubanes
Authors: Ju Xue‐Hai , Wang Xin , Bei Feng‐Li 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe have calculated the heats of formation (HOFs) for a series of polyazidocubanes by using the density functional theory (DFT), Hartree‐Fock, and MP2 methods with 6‐31G* basis set as well as semiempirical methods. The cubane skeleton was chosen for a reference compound, that is, the cubane skeleton was not broken in the process of designing isodesmic reactions. There exists group additivity for the HOF with respect to the azido group. The semiempirical AM1 method also produced reliable results for the HOFs of the title compounds, but the semiempirical MINDO3 did not. The relationship between HOFs and molecular structures was discussed. It was found that the HOF increases 330–360 kJ/mol for each additional number of the azido group being added to the cubane skeleton. The distance between azido groups slightly influences the values of HOFs. The interacting energies of neighbor azido groups in polyazidocubanes are in the range of 2.3∼6.6 kJ/mol, which are so small and less related to the substituent numbers. The average interaction energy between nearest neighbor N3 groups in the most stable conformer of octaazidocubane is 2.29 kJ/mol at the B3LYP/6‐31G* level. The relative stability related to the number of azido groups of the title compounds was assessed based on the calculated HOFs, the energy gaps between the frontier orbitals, and the bond orders of the CN3 and CC bonds. The predicted detonation velocity of hepta‐ and octa‐derivatives is over 9 km/s, and the detonation pressure of them is ca. 40 GPa or over. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 26: 1263–1269, 2005
Sensible heat exchange at the Antarctic snow surface: a study with automatic weather stations
Authors: van den Broeke Michiel , van As Dirk , Reijmer Carleen , van de Wal Roderik 
Published: June 2005

AbstractData of four automatic weather stations (AWSs) are used to calculate the turbulent exchange of sensible heat at the Antarctic snow surface for a 4 year period (1998–2001). The AWSs are situated on the ice shelf, in the coastal/inland katabatic wind zone and on the interior plateau in Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica. Sensible heat flux (SHF) is calculated using the aerodynamic ‘bulk’ method between a single AWS sensor level and the surface, in combination with surface temperature derived from upwelling longwave radiation and surface roughness derived from eddy correlation measurements. Good agreement is found between calculated and directly measured SHF. All AWS sites show a downward‐directed average sensible heat transport, but otherwise the differences between the various zones are large. The surface roughness for momentum differs by an order of magnitude between the interior plateau (0.02 mm) and the katabatic wind zone (0.16 mm). On the ice shelf, frequent clouds limit surface cooling, and annual mean SHF is small (8 W m−2). In contrast, clear skies prevail on the interior plateau, but weak winds, an aerodynamically smooth surface and stability effects limit annual mean SHF to an equally low value (8 W m−2). The most favourable conditions for sensible heat exchange are found in the katabatic wind zone, where a combination of strong winds, relatively little cloud cover and a rougher surface results in annual mean SHF values of 22 to 24 W m−2. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society
Substitution of aqua ligands from cis‐[Pt(en)(H2O)2](ClO4)2 and cis‐[Pt(dmen)(H2O)2](ClO4)2 (en = ethylenediamine, dmen = N N′‐dimethyl ethylenediamine) by glycine in aqueous medium—a kinetic and mechanistic approach
Authors: Bera Sujit K. , Chandra Swapan K. , De Gauri S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe kinetics of the interaction of glycine with cis‐[Pt(en)(H2O)2](ClO4)2 and cis‐[Pt(dmen)(H2O)2](ClO4)2 (en = ethylenediamine, dmen = N,N′‐dimethylethylene‐diamine) have been studied spectrophotometrically as a function of [substrate complex], [glycine], and temperature at a particular pH (4.0) where the substrate complex exists predominantly as the diaqua species and glycine as the zwitterion. The reaction was found to proceed through two consecutive steps. The first step involves the ligand‐assisted anation, while the second step involves chelation when the second aqua ligand is displaced. Rate constants have been evaluated using the Weyh and Hamm method. Activation parameters for both steps have also been calculated using the Eyring equation. The low enthalpy of activation and large negative values of entropy of activation indicate an associative mode of activation for both steps. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 37: 489–495, 2005
How accurate is measuring postvoid residual volume by portable abdominal ultrasound equipment in peritoneal dialysis patient?
Authors: Yucel Selcuk , Kocak Huseyin , Sanli Ahmet , Tosun Ozgur , Tuncer Murat , Ersoy Fevzi , Baykara Mehmet 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIntroductionDespite the wide spread use of modern portable ultrasound equipment to measure the postvoid residual urine, its accuracy and reliability has been questioned. We investigated the accuracy of postvoid residual urine measurement by portable abdominal ultrasound equipment in end‐stage renal disease patients who are under either hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.Materials and MethodsA total of 21 male (range: 25–44 years, mean age: 32 years) end‐stage renal disease patients were studied. Ten were under peritoneal dialysis and 11 under hemodialysis. After uroflowmetric study, all patients were evaluated with portable abdominal ultrasound equipment (BladderScan BVI 3000, Diagnostic Ultrasound Corporation, WA) by both a technician and a physician and they were subsequently catheterized with a 10F catheter to measure the residual urine volume in the urinary bladder. Postvoid residual urine volume results by portable abdominal ultrasound equipment and urethral catheterization were analyzed.ResultsWe found portable abdominal ultrasound to be very accurate to measure the volume of postvoid residual urine in hemodialysis patients(r = 0.921, P < 0.05 by physician and r = 0.904, P < 0.05 by technician). However, accuracy was the worst in peritoneal dialysis patients (r = 0.055, P = 0.88 by physician and r = 0.336, P = 0.343 by technician). The technician or physician use of the equipment did not change the accuracy profile of the equipment in both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients.ConclusionsPortable abdominal ultrasound equipment may be an unreliable method to measure postvoid residual urine volume in peritoneal dialysis patients. Neurourol. Urodynam. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Peculiarities in the solvent absorption characteristics of epoxy‐siloxane hybrids
Authors: Mascia Leno , Prezzi Luca , Lavorgna Marino 
Published: June 2005

AbstractEpoxy‐siloxane hybrids (bi‐continuous nanocomposites) were produced from mixtures of a silane‐functionalized resin and tetra‐ethoxysilane by the sol‐gel method. Absorption of tetrahydrofuran (THF) in thin samples was found to take place by a two‐stage process, consisting of an induction period and a subsequent step‐increase to the equilibrium level. The induction time increased with increasing siloxane content, while the equilibrium amount absorbed decreased accordingly. By assuming that solvent uptake of the system follows a classical Case II absorption, a graphical relationship between induction time, diffusion coefficient, and velocity of the advanced plasticized front was proposed as a basis for the control of the solvent absorption characteristics of this type of material. Absorption of methanol (CH3OH) took place rapidly and without an apparent induction stage, but the amount absorbed at equilibrium was much lower than for THF absorption. Increasing the siloxane content did not significantly decrease the amount of CH3OH absorbed at equilibrium, but considerably reduced the rate of solvent uptake, while the sorption process assumed the features of a two‐stage process. The cyclic absorption of both solvents was found to cause structural changes in the epoxy network, in the form of a combination of physical aging and increased cross‐linking density. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 45:1039–1048, 2005. © 2005 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effects of methoxyfenozide on Lobesia botrana Den & Schiff (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) egg, larval and adult stages
Authors: Sáenz‐de‐Cabezón Irigaray Francisco‐Javier , Marco Vicente , Zalom Frank G , Pérez‐Moreno Ignacio 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe effect of the non‐steroidal ecdysone agonist methoxyfenozide was evaluated against different developmental stages of the grape berry moth, Lobesia botrana Dennis & Schiffermuller (Lep, Tortricidae). Methoxyfenozide administered orally reduced the fecundity and fertility of adults treated with 1, 5 and 10 mg litre−1; longevity was not affected. An LC50 value of 4.5 mg litre−1 was obtained when applied to eggs of less than 1 day old. Surface treatment was more effective than when applied by spraying. Administered into the diet, methoxyfenozide had a larvicidal effect; older larvae were more susceptible than younger larvae, with LC50 values of 0.1 mg litre−1 for L1, 0.04 for L3 and 0.02 for L5. Larvae treated with sub‐lethal doses throughout their lives did not emerge as adults at the highest doses (0.08, 0.04, 0.02 and 0.01 mg litre−1), with 65% and 40% emergence occurring for the lowest (0.005 and 0.0025 mg litre−1). Mortality occurred only in the larval stage. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of chlorpyrifos in freshwater model ecosystems: the influence of experimental conditions on ecotoxicological thresholds
Authors: van Wijngaarden René PA , Brock Theo CM , Douglas Mark T 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThree experiments were conducted to determine the impact of the insecticide chlorpyrifos (single applications of 0.01 to 10 µg AI litre−1) in plankton‐dominated nutrient‐rich microcosms. The microcosms (water volume approximately 14 litres) were established in the laboratory under temperature, light regimes and nutrient levels that simulated cool ‘temperate’ and warm ‘Mediterranean’ environmental conditions. The fate of chlorpyrifos in the water column was monitored and the effects on zooplankton, phytoplankton and community metabolism were followed for 4 or 5 weeks. The mean half‐life (t1/2) of chlorpyrifos in the water of the test systems was 45 h under ‘temperate’ conditions and about 30 h under ‘Mediterranean’ environmental conditions. Microcrustaceans (cladocerans and copepod nauplii) were amongst the most sensitive organisms. All three experiments yielded community NOEC (no observed effect concentrations) of 0.1 µg AI litre−1, similar to those derived from more complex outdoor studies. Above this threshold level, responses and effect chains, and time spans for recovery, differed between the experiments. For example, algal blooms as an indirect effect from the impact of exposure on grazing organisms were only observed under the ‘Mediterranean’ experimental conditions. The relatively simple indoor test system seems to be sufficient to provide estimates of safe threshold levels for the acute insecticidal effects of low‐persistence compounds such as chlorpyrifos. The robustness of the community NOEC indicates that this threshold level is likely to be representative for many freshwater systems. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Miniature Memory Planes for Extreme Environmental Conditions
Authors: Straley R. , Heuer A. , Kane B. , Tkach G. 
Published: June 2005

Two serious limitations of present memory systems by using ferrite cores have been their relative bulk and narrow operating temperature range.
A marked reduction in size has been achieved by use of a “continuous wire” method of inserting drive lines through memory planes and then folding the planes. This method eliminates the conventional frames and all solder connections between planes. By greatly reducing the number of solder connections, the new method increases reliability and facilitates assembly of stacked memory planes. A typical folded stack of memory planes occupies as little as 2% of the volume of its conventional counterpart. The new miniature memory stacks perform as well as conventional units.
The development of ferrite memory cores operable at ambients as high as 85°C, 100°C, and 125°C (together with the greatly reduced volume of the memory stack) allows operation under extreme environmental conditions with a minimum of space and power requirements. The folded memory planes are packaged with a heating element and control circuit which maintain the temperature of the cores at the maximum ambient. A tested prototype of twelve (12) 16×16 memory planes, along with the heating element and control circuit, measures 2 in.×212 in.×212 in. and has been successfully operated in the temperature range -55°to +125°C.
Ferrite cores have been perfected of both the “fast” relatively high drive and relatively “slow” lower drive type. They are Mg-Mn ferrites with possible minor additions of other bivalent oxides.
Method for Measuring Iron Losses in Elliptically Polarized Magnetic Fields
Authors: Young F. J. , Schenk H. L. 
Published: June 2005

A method for measuring iron losses in elliptically polarized magnetic fields has been devised. The fields are produced in a laminated one-inch cubic specimen by the superposition of two mutually perpendicular magnetic fields whose magnitudes and time phase angles can be varied. Orthogonal fields are obtained by the use of two “C” cores with air gaps large enough to contain the specimen. The flux density is ascertained from the voltages induced in two coils wound on the specimen with axes parallel to the two field components. The iron loss is determined by measuring the heating transient in the specimen.
In addition, the anisotropy in losses due to alternating magnetic fields can be determined as a special case of elliptically polarized field excitation. The loss data obtained by this method agrees with the results given by the standard Epstein test to within 15%.
Omeprazole delays gastric emptying in healthy volunteers: an effect prevented by tegaserod
Authors: TOUGAS G. , EARNEST D. L. , CHEN Y. , VANDERKOY C. , ROJAVIN M. 
Published: June 2005

SummaryBackground : Proton‐pump inhibitors effectively suppress stomach acidity. They are widely used for treating gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease and related conditions. While generally safe, omeprazole and other proton‐pump inhibitors can delay gastric emptying.Aim : To test the hypothesis that tegaserod can normalize or prevent omeprazole‐induced delay in gastric emptying.Methods : This was a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel group study in 40 healthy male volunteers. After informed consent and screening, qualified volunteers were treated with unblinded omeprazole 20 mg b.d. and either blinded tegaserod 6 mg t.d.s. (active treatment group) or placebo‐matching tegaserod t.d.s. (control group) for 14 days. Gastric emptying was assessed before and after treatment, using a scintigraphy method.Results : Omeprazole monotherapy significantly delayed gastric emptying expressed by duration of lag‐phase (P < 0.007), time to gastric half‐emptying (P < 0.003), and gastric retention of the meal at 60 (P < 0.002) and 120 min (P < 0.04) after its ingestion. Tegaserod taken together with omeprazole effectively prevented development of the above effects. Combined treatment was safe and well tolerated.Conclusion : Concomitant administration of tegaserod 6 mg t.d.s. prevented development of the delayed gastric emptying induced by omeprazole monotherapy.
Accuracy of the routine detection of mutation in mismatch repair genes in patients with susceptibility to hereditary upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma
Authors: Rouprêt Morgan , Coulet Florence , Azzouzi Abdel‐Rahmène , Fromont Gaëlle , Cussenot Olivier 
Published: June 2005

OBJECTIVETo establish the clinical benefits of systematic testing for hMSH6 and hMLH1 mutations in the very rare patients with upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinomas (UUT‐TCCs), a clinical predisposition for hereditary tumour and no mutation detected in hMSH2 gene.PATIENTS AND METHODSIn all, 164 UUT‐TCC specimen blocks were screened for microsatellite instability (MSI); 27 (16%) had high MSI levels. Eight patients (30%) had clinical criteria suspicious of hereditary tumour; in three a mutation in hMSH2 was detected. For the other patients, clinical data were collated, and DNA gene sequences analysed to detect mutations in hMLH1 and in hMSH6 genes.RESULTSFive patients were assessed (mean age at the diagnosis of UUT‐TCC 65.2 years, sd 8, range 54–71; two aged < 60 years). Three patients had a personal history of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal related‐cancer (three colorectal). There were only mutations in hMSH2 gene detected, with none in hMSH6 and hMLH1.CONCLUSIONFor the rare patients with UUT‐TCC who are suspected of carrying mismatch repair gene mutations if no hMSH2 mutation is found by genetic testing, complementary DNA sequencing for hMLH1 and hMSH6 mutation does not seem to contribute and should not be recommended in daily practice.
Carbon monoxide toxicity: a case series
Authors: Berent Allyson C. , Todd Jeffrey , Sergeeff Jennifer , Powell Lisa L. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractObjective:To describe diagnostics, therapy, and sequelae of acute carbon monoxide (CO) toxicity because of a motor vehicle generator in 4 dogs and 2 cats.Series summary:Four dogs and 2 cats presented for recumbency, disorientation, dyspnea, and stiffness after an estimated 6–8 hour exposure to exhaust from a generator. Diagnostics included a serum carboxyhemoglobin levels evaluation, arterial blood gas analysis, pulse oximetry readings, and blood pressure measurements. Initial therapy included oxygen (O2) administration, intravenous bronchodilators, fluids, and a hemoglobin‐based O2carrying (HBOC) molecule. Following administration of the HBOC, 4 of the 6 animals showed dramatic clinical improvement. Two weeks after hospital discharge, the owner reported potential hearing deficits in all animals. Brain auditory evoked response (BAER) tests were conducted in all surviving animals and some degree of hearing impairment was documented in all cases, with complete clinical resolution noted 6 weeks later.Unique information provided:This report describes the therapeutic use of an HBOC in acute isolated CO toxicity (i.e. without the complications of smoke inhalation). In addition, delayed nervous system dysfunction was documented in all surviving animals.
Mortality in children from influenza and respiratory syncytial virus
Authors: Fleming Douglas M , Pannell Rachel S , Cross Kenneth W 
Published: June 2005

Study objective:To quantify mortality attributable to influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in children.Design and methods:Comparison of death rates (all cause and certified respiratory) in England over winters 1989/90 to 1999/00 during and outside influenza and RSV circulation periods. Virus active weeks were defined from clinical and virological surveillance data. Excess deaths associated with weeks of either influenza or RSV activity over virus non-active weeks were estimated in each winter for age groups 1–12 months, 1–4, 5–9, and 10–14 years. The estimate obtained was allotted to influenza and RSV in the proportion derived from independent separate calculations for each virus.Main results:Average winter respiratory deaths attributed to influenza in children 1 month–14 years were 22 and to RSV 28; and all cause deaths to influenza 78 and to RSV 79. All cause RSV attributed deaths in infants 1–12 months exceeded those for influenza every year except 1989/90; the average RSV and influenza attributed death rates were 8.4 and 6.7 per 100 000 population respectively. Corresponding rates for children 1–4 years were 0.9 and 0.8 and for older children all rates were 0.2 or less, except for an influenza rate of 0.4 in children 10–14 years.Conclusions:Influenza and RSV account for similar numbers of deaths in children. The impact varies by winter and between age groups and is considerably underestimated if analysis is restricted to respiratory certified deaths. Summing the impact over the 11 winters studied, compared with influenza RSV is associated with more deaths in infants less than 12 months, almost equal numbers in children 1–4 years, and fewer in older children. Improved information systems are needed to investigate paediatric deaths.
Simple Cystatin C–Based Prediction Equations for Glomerular Filtration Rate Compared with the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Prediction Equation for Adults and the Schwartz and the Counahan–Barratt Prediction Equations for Children
Authors: Grubb Anders , Nyman Ulf , Björk Jonas , Lindström Veronica , Rippe Bengt , Sterner Gunnar , Christensson Anders 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBackground: Serum creatinine is the most commonly used marker for estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). To compensate for its drawbacks as a GFR marker, several prediction equations including several parameters are being used, with the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD), Schwartz, and Counahan–Barratt equations being the ones most widely accepted for estimation of relative GFR in mL · min−1 · (1.73 m2)−1. The present study analyzes whether these GFR prediction equations for adults and children might be replaced by simple prediction equations based on plasma concentrations of cystatin C.Methods: Data from 536 patients (0.3–93 years), consecutively referred for determination of GFR by an invasive gold standard procedure, were used for the analysis. Calculations of bias (median percentage of error), correlation (adjusted R2), and percentage of estimates within 30% and 50% of measured GFR were used in the comparisons.Results: A cystatin C–based prediction equation using only concentration in mg/L and a prepubertal factor: GFR [mL · min−1 · (1.73 m2)−1] = 84.69 × cystatin C (mg/L)−1.680 × 1.384 (if a child &lt;14 years) assessed GFR equally well or better than the simplified MDRD, the Schwartz, and the Counahan–Barratt prediction equations for the adult (≥18 years) and juvenile groups of the investigated cohort. Age did not influence the cystatin C–based prediction equation for adults, whereas gender did, but with a factor close to unity (0.948 for females).Conclusion: A GFR prediction equation based solely on cystatin C (in mg/L) and a prepubertal factor might replace the simplified MDRD prediction equation for adults and the Schwartz and Counahan–Barratt prediction equations for children.