bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome Mining ofSalinisporaUncovers a Repertoire of Secondary Metabolites and Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes
Authors: Hossain Md. Saddam , Islam Md. Tarikul , Rahman Md. Hadisur , Zubaer Abdullah Al , Hashem Abu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNatural products derived from microorganisms are a significant part of the pharmaceutical industry’s arsenal today. These efforts have increasingly centred on marine microbes, which have produced a variety of intriguing novel chemicals. Marine-derived strains are likely candidates for natural product discovery since actinomycetes are a significant source of microbially produced natural compounds. The availability of microbial genome sequencing has revealed a number of natural products (NPs) that have not yet been thoroughly investigated. The genome mining potential of the genusSalinispora, which has potential for the production of secondary metabolites of clinical importance, remains unexplored. In this study, we have demonstrated a thorough comprehension of the genetic characteristics, biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), and genetic clusters for carbohydrate-active enzymes found in theSalinisporagenomes. In our analysis, we have identified 686 BGCs, among which 3.79% are identical to the BGCs that produce ketomemicin B3/ketomemicin B4, salinilactam, lymphostin/neolymphostinol B/lymphostinol/neolymphostin B, benzastatin, and thiolactomycin. We have found 19.5% of the BGCs, which are only present in the genomes ofSalinisporaand may open the door to the development of novel drugs. We have also found a total of 3604 genes in 62 various categories of the six major carbohydrate-active enzymes. The development of new-generation bioactive compounds that are significant for biotechnology relies heavily on the scientific insights provided by genome mining in this genus.
Direct serotonin release in humans shapes decision computations within aversive environments
Authors: Colwell Michael J , Tagomori Hosana , Shang Fei , Cheng Hoi , Wigg Chloe , Browning Michael , Cowen Phil J , Murphy Susannah E , Harmer Catherine J 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe role of serotonin in human behaviour is critically informed by approaches which allowin vivomodification of synaptic serotonin. However, characterising the effects of increased serotonin signalling in human models of behaviour is challenging given the limitations of available experimental probes (e.g., SSRIs). Here we use a now accessible approach to directly increase synaptic serotonin in humans – a selective serotonin releasing agent – and examine its influence on domains of behaviour historically considered core functions of serotonin. Computational techniques including reinforcement learning and drift diffusion modelling were fit to observed behaviour. Reinforcement learning models revealed that increased synaptic serotonin reduced sensitivity specifically for outcomes in aversive but not appetitive contexts. Furthermore, increasing synaptic serotonin enhanced behavioural inhibition, and shifted bias towards impulse control during exposure to aversive emotional probes. These effects were seen in the context of overall improvements in memory for neutral verbal information. Our findings highlight the direct effects of increased synaptic serotonin on human behaviour, underlining its critical role in guiding decision-making within aversive and neutral contexts, and offering broad implications for longstanding theories of central serotonin function.
A model-driven machine learning approach for personalized kidney graft risk prediction
Authors: Savvopoulos Symeon V. , Scheffner Irina , Reppas Andreas , Gwinner Wilfried , Hatzikirou Haralampos 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGraft failure after renal transplantation is a multifactorial process. Predicting the risk of graft failure accurately is imperative since such knowledge allows for identifying patients at risk and treatment personalization. In this study, we were interested in predicting the temporal evolution of graft function (expressed as estimated glomerular filtration rate; eGFR) based on pretransplant data and early post-operative graft function. Toward this aim, we developed a tailored approach that combines a dynamic GFR mathematical model and machine learning while taking into account the corresponding parameter uncertainty. A cohort of 892 patients was used to train the algorithm and a cohort of 847 patients for validation. Our analysis indicates that an eGFR threshold exists that allows for classifying high-risk patients. Using minimal inputs, our approach predicted the graft outcome with an accuracy greater than 80% for the first and second years after kidney transplantation and risk predictions were robust over time.
Aspergillus fumigatushypoxia adaptation is critical for the establishment of fungal keratitis
Authors: Lightfoot Jorge D. , Adams Emily M. , Kamath Manali M. , Wells Becca L. , Fuller Kevin K. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurpose: The poor visual outcomes associated with fungal keratitis (FK) underscore a need to identify fungal pathways that can serve as novel antifungal targets. In this report, we investigated whether hypoxia develops in the FK cornea and, by extension, if fungal hypoxia adaptation is essential for virulence in this setting. Methods: C57BL/6j mice were inoculated withAspergillus fumigatusandFusarium solanivarpetroliphilumvia topical overlay or instrastromal injection. At various time points post-inoculation (p.i.), animals we were injected with pimonidazole for the detection of tissue hypoxia through immunofluorescence imaging. TheA. fumigatus srbAgene was deleted through Cas9-mediated homologous recombination and its virulence was assessed in the topical infection model using slit-lamp microscopy and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Results: Topical inoculation withA. fumigatusresulted in diffuse pimonidazole staining across the epithelial and endothelial layers within 6 h. Stromal hypoxia was evident by 48 h p.i., which corresponded to leukocytic infiltration. Instrastromal inoculation with eitherA. fumigatusorF. solanisimilarly led to diffuse staining patterns across all corneal cell layers. TheA. fumigatus srbAdeletion mutant was unable to grow at oxygen levels below 3%in vitro,and corneas inoculated with the mutant failed to develop signs of corneal opacification, inflammation or fungal burden. Conclusions: These results suggest that fungal antigen rapidly drives the development of corneal hypoxia, thus rendering fungal SrbA or related pathways essential for the establishment of infection. Such pathways may therefore serve as targets for novel antifungal intervention.
Keeping pace with the times: research on the impact of digital leadership on radical green innovation of manufacturing enterprises
Authors: Tian Hongna , Han Jingge , Sun Meiling , Lv Xichen 
Published: September 2023

PurposeToward sustainable development, radical green innovation (RGI) is necessary. Despite extensive research on the factors influencing green innovation, few studies have been conducted on the precursors. Based on upper echelons (UE) theory, dynamic capability (DC) theory, “stimulus-organism-response” (SOR) theory, social information processing (SIP) theory and cognitive appraisal (CA) theory of emotion, the study explores how digital leadership (DL) affects RGI and investigates the mediating effects of green organizational identity (GOI) and the moderating effects of digital threat (DT) and technology for social good (TSG), as well as the multiple concurrent causalities that trigger high RGI.Design/methodology/approachThe method of combining structural equation model (SEM) and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fs QCA) is adopted in the study. Data from 233 questionnaires were collected at two different time points.FindingsThis study's findings indicate that the four dimensions of DL can positively influence RGI and GOI partially mediates between the four dimensions of DL and RGI. DT has a negative moderating effect between DL and GOI, while TSG is positively regulated between them, DT and TSG linkage moderates the partial mediating effect of GOI in DL and RGI. Further, fs QCA is used to analyze the causal complexity of DL dimensions and GOI to RGI and nine effective configuration paths are identified. It is found that the synergy of digital thinking ability (DTA), digital detection ability (DDA), digital social ability (DSA), digital reserve ability (DRA) and GOI is crucial to high RGI. Among them, GOI core appears the most times, indicating that GOI plays a vital role in improving enterprise RGI.Originality/valueThis study expands the literature on leadership and innovation by constructing a framework of “DL-GOI-RGI” and exploring the transmission of GOI and the boundary effect of DT and TSG. The study used fs QCA and SEM to better understand the statistical associations and the set relations between the conjunctions and conditions.
Pollinator community and generalisation of pollinator spectra changes with plant niche width and local dominance
Authors: Janovský Zdeněk , Štenc Jakub 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Floral traits are assumed to be the main determinants of plant's pollinator spectrum, yet a majority of temperate plant species possess traits allowing to a certain degree of generalisation of their pollinator spectrum. The actual level of pollinator spectrum generalisation is likely to be the result of both plant floral traits and the diversity and abundance of plant species a plant co‐occurs with. We expect that plant species co‐occurring in highly diverse plant communities should host more generalised pollinator spectra.

In the present study, we explore the degree to which the composition and generalisation of plant–pollinator spectra depend on the plant's niche width (measured as co‐occurrence with other plant species) and its local dominance (as measured by mean cover in the community). For this purpose, we compiled a database of >250 plant species pollinator spectra from the literature and coupled it with data on plant niche width and local dominance based on the Czech National Phytosociological Database.

Species with wider niches had on average more generalised pollinator spectra, ranging from bumblebee‐dominated spectra to diptera‐ and/or nitidulid beetle‐dominated spectra, which was strongly related to plant phylogeny. Plants with bumblebee‐dominated spectra had neither wide niches nor niche specialists.

The majority of plants had either muscid‐, hoverfly‐ or nitidulid‐dominated or completely generalised pollinator spectra. Among such plants, higher local dominance increased the proportion of opportune muscids in pollinator spectrum, while hoverflies showed the opposite pattern. Honeybees although rather infrequent in pollinator spectra also showed a strong preference for locally dominant plant species.

Synthesis: The composition of a plant's pollinator spectrum is not independent of other aspects of the plant's life history, namely niche width and the ability to dominate the community. Wider plant species niches result in more generalised pollinator spectra, supporting our hypothesis that habitat generalists are less prone to specialisation on particular pollinator groups. Conversely, the ability to dominate local plant communities influenced pollinator spectra mainly through specific responses of individual pollinator groups.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Populist radical right rhetoric increases discrimination towards minorities: Welfare ethnocentrism and anti‐Roma attitudes
Authors: MAGALHÃES PEDRO C. , COSTA‐LOPES RUI 
Published: September 2023

Abstract‘Welfare chauvinism’ (or ‘welfare ethnocentrism,’ when directed against native‐born ethnic minorities) is a declination of nativism within the social policy domain and a common element of populist radical right discourse. Previous studies have shown that this rhetoric can influence how people perceive the deservingness and entitlement of certain groups to welfare rights. In this study, we propose it has additional effects by evoking a purported lack of reciprocity in what concerns benefits from, and contributions to, the welfare system, such rhetoric can also justify and legitimize discrimination against out‐groups in other domains that are unrelated to welfare. We use a pre‐registered experiment embedded in a survey of a nationally representative sample of the Portuguese population to examine whether individuals who are exposed to the issue of illegitimate ‘takers’ of the welfare system become more likely to express discriminatory intentions regarding an out‐group's freedom of movement and establishment. We find that in the Portuguese context, where the populist radical right frequently portrays the Roma minority as welfare abusers, highlighting the issue of reciprocity can trigger a sizeable increase in discriminatory intentions against the Romani even in domains unrelated to welfare rights.
Predicting minty compounds binary mixtures’ pleasantness by odor intensity in aqueous solutions
Authors: Du Huanzhe , Lu Hongbing , Tuo Suxing , Li Yanchun , Zhong Kejun , Kang Yuxuan , Zhu Guangyong , Yu Genfa , Yi Fengping , Kong Bo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe aroma of mint is well‐liked by the public, and key flavor odorants in mint aroma had been found, but how these molecules interact and form a satisfying odor remains a challenge. Quality, intensity, and pleasantness are our most basic perceptions of aromas; both intensity and pleasantness can be quantified. However, compared to intensity, research on pleasantness was lacking. Pleasantness was one of the most important indicators for formulating a satisfying mint flavor, and the study of binary mixtures was fundamental to our understanding of more complex mixtures. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the characteristics of pleasantness as a function of concentration and, at the same time, to investigate the relationship between intensity and pleasantness in binary mixtures. Thirty sensory evaluation volunteers participated in the evaluation of the intensity and pleasantness of six key flavor odorants of mint and five binary mixtures. The results showed that the pleasantness increased first and then decreased or stabilized with the rising of concentration; even though the interactions in binary mixtures were not the same, their pleasantness could be predicted using the intensities of the components by Response Surface Design of Experiments, and the goodness of fit was greater than 0.92, indicating that the models had the great predictive ability.Practical ApplicationWhether blending flavors or evaluating them, a great deal of experience is required, yet the acquisition of this experience is a long process. Performing these tasks is difficult for the novice, and it helps to quantify the feeling for the flavor and build some mathematical models.
Colour perception develops throughout childhood with increased risk of deficiencies in children born prematurely
Authors: Pueyo Victoria , Cedillo Ley Mauricio , Fanlo‐Zarazaga Álvaro , Hu Liu , Pan Xian , Perez‐Roche Teresa , Balasanyan Victoria , Solanas David , de Fernando Sandra , Prieto Esther , Yam Jason C. S. , Pham Chau , Ortin Marta , Castillo Olimpia , Gutierrez Diego ,   the TrackAI Research Consortium
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimTo quantify the impact of prematurity on chromatic discrimination throughout childhood, from 2 to 15 years of age.MethodsWe recruited two cohorts of children, as part of the TrackAI Project, an international project with seven different study sites: a control group of full‐term children with normal visual development and a group of children born prematurely. All children underwent a complete ophthalmological exam and an assessment of colour discrimination along the three colour axes: deutan, protan and trytan using a DIVE device with eye tracking technology.ResultsWe enrolled a total of 1872 children (928 females and 944 males) with a mean age of 6.64 years. Out of them, 374 were children born prematurely and 1498 were full‐term controls. Using data from all the children born at term, reference normative curves were plotted for colour discrimination in every colour axis. Pre‐term children presented worse colour discrimination than full‐term in the three colour axes (p < 0.001). Even after removing from the comparison, all pre‐term children with any visual disorder colour discrimination outcomes remained significantly worse than those from full‐term children.ConclusionWhile colour perception develops throughout the first years of life, children born pre‐term face an increased risk for colour vision deficiencies.
Trends in childhood body mass index between 1936 and 2011 showed that underweight remained more common than obesity among 398 970 Danish school children
Authors: Aarestrup J. , Pedersen D. C. , Bjerregaard L. G. , Jensen B. W. , Leth‐Møller K. B. , Jacobsen R. K. , Johnson W. , Baker J. L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimTo examine trends in all body mass index (BMI) groups in children from 1936 to 2011.MethodsWe included 197 694 girls and 201 276 boys from the Copenhagen School Health Records Register, born between 1930 and 1996, with longitudinal weight and height measurements (6–14 years). Using International Obesity Task Force criteria, BMI was classified as underweight, normal‐weight, overweight and obesity. Sex‐ and age‐specific prevalences were calculated.ResultsFrom the 1930s, the prevalence of underweight was stable until a small increase occurred from 1950 to 1970s, and thereafter it declined into the early 2000s. Using 7‐year‐olds as an example, underweight changed from 10% to 7% in girls and from 9% to 6% in boys during the study period. The prevalence of overweight plateaued from 1950 to 1970s and then steeply increased from 1970s onwards and in 1990–2000s 15% girls and 11% boys at 7 years had overweight. The prevalence of obesity particularly increased from 1980s onwards and in 1990–2000s 5% girls and 4% boys at 7 years had obesity. These trends slightly differed by age.ConclusionAmong Danish schoolchildren, the prevalence of underweight was greater than overweight until the 1980s and greater than obesity throughout the period. Thus, monitoring the prevalence of childhood underweight remains an important public health issue.
Defective monocyte plasticity and altered cAMP pathway characterize USB1‐mutated poikiloderma with neutropenia Clericuzio type
Authors: Parajuli Prahlad , Craig Douglas B. , Gadgeel Manisha , Bagla Shruti , Wright Robert E. , Chu Roland , Shanti Christina M. , Thirunagari Rajeev , Grover Sudershan K. , Ravindranath Yaddanapudi 
Published: October 2023

SummaryPoikiloderma with neutropenia (PN) Clericuzio type (OMIM #604173) is a rare disease with areas of skin hyper‐ and hypopigmentation caused by biallelic USB1 variants. The current study was spurred by poor healing of a perianal tear wound in one affected child homozygous for c.266‐1G>A (p.E90Sfster8) mutation, from a family reported previously. Treatment with G‐CSF/CSF3 or GM‐CSF/CSF2 transiently increased neutrophil/monocytes count with no effect on wound healing. Analysis of peripheral blood revealed a lack of non‐classical (CD14+/−CD16+) monocytes, associated with a systemic inflammatory cytokine profile, in the two affected brothers. Importantly, despite normal expression of cognate receptors, monocytes from PN patients did not respond to M‐CSF or IL‐34 in vitro, as determined by cytokine secretion or CD16 expression. RNAseq of monocytes showed 293 differentially expressed genes, including significant downregulation of GATA2, AKAP6 and PDE4DIP that are associated with leucocyte differentiation and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signalling. Notably, the plasma cAMP was significantly low in the PN patients. Our study revealed a novel association of PN with a lack of non‐classical monocyte population. The defects in monocyte plasticity may contribute to disease manifestations in PN and a defective cAMP signalling may be the primary effect of the splicing errors caused by USB1 mutation.
Episodic evolution of a protracted convergent margin revealed by detrital zircon geochronology in the Greater Caucasus
Authors: Vasey Dylan A. , Garcia Leslie , Cowgill Eric , Trexler Charles C. , Godoladze Tea 
Published: September 2023

AbstractConvergent margins play a fundamental role in the construction and modification of Earth's lithosphere and are characterized by poorly understood episodic processes that occur during the progression from subduction to terminal collision. On the northern margin of the active Arabia‐Eurasia collision zone, the Greater Caucasus Mountains provide an opportunity to study a protracted convergent margin that spanned most of the Phanerozoic and culminated in Cenozoic continental collision. However, the main episodes of lithosphere formation and deformation along this margin remain enigmatic. Here, we use detrital zircon U–Pb geochronology from Paleozoic and Mesozoic (meta)sedimentary rocks in the Greater Caucasus, along with select zircon U–Pb and Hf isotopic data from coeval igneous rocks, to link key magmatic and depositional episodes along the Caucasus convergent margin. Devonian to Early Carboniferous rocks were deposited prior to Late Carboniferous accretion of the Greater Caucasus crystalline core onto the Laurussian margin. Permian to Triassic rocks document a period of northward subduction and forearc deposition south of a continental margin volcanic arc in the Northern Caucasus and Scythian Platform. Jurassic rocks record the opening of the Caucasus Basin as a back‐arc rift during southward migration of the arc front into the Lesser Caucasus. Cretaceous rocks have few Jurassic‐Cretaceous zircons, indicating a period of relative magmatic quiescence and minimal exhumation within this basin. Late Cenozoic closure of the Caucasus Basin juxtaposed the Lesser Caucasus arc to the south against the crystalline core of the Greater Caucasus to the north and led to the formation of a hypothesized terminal suture. We expect this suture to be within ~20 km of the southern range front of the Greater Caucasus because all analysed rocks to the north exhibit a provenance affinity with the crystalline core of the Greater Caucasus.