bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generation of Palladium Nanoparticles within Macrocellular Polymeric Supports: Application to Heterogeneous Catalysis of the Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling Reaction
Authors: Desforges A. , Backov R. , Deleuze H. , Mondain‐Monval O. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWe present new hybrid organic/inorganic materials dedicated to heterogeneous catalysis. The systems are obtained by the polymerization of a high internal phase reverse emulsion (the so‐called polyHIPE porous materials) and have been further functionalized with various organic groups in order to promote the growth of palladium nanoparticles on its surface. Final supports are then tested for their ability to catalyze the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction, and one material exhibits better activity than the well‐known Pd@C powder system. Furthermore, the catalytic activities of these materials are close to those obtained with their homogeneous catalysis counterpart. These new supports remain active towards a wide range of substrates associated with Suzuki–Miyaura carbon–carbon coupling reactions.
Persistent infection of oligodendrocytes in Theiler's virus‐induced encephalomyelitis
Authors: Rodriguez Moses , Leibowitz Julian L. , Lampert Peter W. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractMice infected with Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) develop a chronic relapsing demyelinating myelitis. To determine the localization of viral antigen in infected cells of the spinal cord, we studied TMEV‐infected SJL/J mice using immunoelectron microscopic peroxidase‐antiperoxidase techniques. Viral antigens were expressed in the cytoplasm of neurons and astrocytes 4 and 11 days postinfection. At 28 days postinfection, macrophages astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes showed viral antigen in their cytoplasm. At 45, 83, 270, and 360 days postinfection, most infected cells were oligodendrocytes as revealed ultrastructurally by immunoperoxidase staining of prominent glial loops that connect with myelin lameliae. Some of these sheaths also showed Schmidt‐Lanterman incisures that stained for viral antigen. Virus could be recovered at low titers for the duration of the illness. The findings indicate that TMEV induces persistent infection of oligodendrocytes which could then become the target of immune‐mediated injury resulting in demyelination.
Oligoclonal IgG bands in cerebrospinal fluid in various neurological diseases
Authors: Chu Anita B. , Sever John L. , Madden David L. , Iivanainen Marti , Leon Marta , Wallen William , Brooks Benjamin R. , Lee Young Jack , Houff Sidney 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWe studied the frequency of oligoclonal immunoglobulin G bands in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with various neurological diseases. We used a micromethod employing sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis that required only 50 μl of unconcentrated CSF. Oligoclonal bands were detected in the CSF of 95% of the patients with multiple sclerosis, 90% with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, and 100% with herpes simplex encephalitis, but less frequently in other central nervous system infections. No oligoclonal bands were detected in the CSF of patients with Parkinson, Huntington, Creutzfeldt‐Jakob, or herniated disc diseases. Bands were detected in some patients with Alzheimer disease, cerebrovascular accident, idiopathic vertigo, idiopathic seizures, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, polyneuropathy, and central nervous system glioma. Patients with other conditions infrequently had positive bands. The determination of oligoclonal bands is a useful aid in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, and herpes simplex encephalitis. The presence of oligoclonal bands indicates an immunological response but is not diagnostic for a particular condition.
Adult polyglucosan body disease: Clinical and nerve biopsy findings in two cases
Authors: Vos A. J. M. , Joosten E. M. G. , Gabreëls‐Festen A. A. W. M. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractTwo women suffered from a similar, slowly progressive illness characterized by upper and lower motor neuron involvement, sensory disturbances, and neurogenic bladder. Radiographic examinations showed cerebral atrophy and, in one, changes on computerized tomography suggesting leukodystrophy. Sural nerve biopsies revealed axonal neuropathy associated with a large number of polyglucosan bodies accumulating predominantly but not exclusively in myelinated axons.
Seizures induced by carbachol, morphine, and leucine‐enkephalin: A comparison
Authors: Snead O. Carter 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe electrical, behavioral, and pharmacological properties of seizures induced by morphine, leucine‐enkephalin, and the muscarinic cholinergic agonist carbachol were examined and compared. Low‐dose carbachol given intracerebroventricularly (ICV) produced seizures similar electrically to those produced by ICV morphine and leucineenkephalin, although there was some difference in site of subcortical origin of onset. Carbachol and morphine were similar in that they had the same anticonvulsant profile, produced similar behavioral changes, caused generalized absence seizures in low doses and generalized convulsive seizures in high doses, and were capable of chemical kindling. However, opiate‐induced seizures were not overcome by cholinergic antagonists, nor were carbachol seizures blocked by opiate antagonists. These data suggest that there may be a common noncholinergic, nonopiatergic system involved in mediating carbachol‐ and morphine‐induced seizures but not enkephalin seizures.
T‐cell subsets in polymyositis
Authors: Lyer Vasudeva , Lawton Alexander R. , Fenichel Gerald M. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractDistribution of T‐cell subsets in the peripheral blood of six patients with polymyositis and one with childhood dermatomyositis was studied using monoclonal antibodies. No difference was noted in the suppressor or helper fractions as compared to normal controls.
How often does a CSF pleocytosis follow generalized convulsions?
Authors: Edwards Robert , Schmidley James W. , Simon Roger P. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractPostictal pleocytosis is a transient and otherwise unexplained increase in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leukocytes occurring after repetitive generalized tonic‐clonic seizures. We reviewed 98 episodes of seizures in 91 patients in whom the CSF was examined within 72 hours of the last seizure. Patients who had diseases associated with CSF pleocytosis were excluded. Two of the 98 initial CSF samples showed a pleocytosis, which subsequent examinations proved to be transient.
Studies on Charging Processes and Capacitances of Oxidized Polyethylenedioxythiophene Films
Authors: Ping‐Ping She , Zheng‐Hao Wang 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn this paper, the chronoamperometry was used to study the charging processes of polyethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) modified electrodes in the potential range where PEDOT was in the oxidized state. The results show that the charging behaviors of the PEDOT films are well agreed with the exhausted finite diffusion model. The dependence of the capacitance values of the films on potential and concentration of solution was also studied in this potential range.
Different Photophysical Properties of Aryl‐bipyridine Linked Pyrene and Anthracene
Authors: Fei Xiong , Shuang‐Qing Wang , Li‐Ming He , Sha‐Yu Li , Quan Gan , Guo‐Qi Zhang , Yi Li , Guo‐Qiang Yang 
Published: August 2005

Abstract6‐Phenyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine linked pyrene and anthracene were synthesized and their photophysical properties were measured in different solvents with different polarity. 4‐Pyren‐1″‐yl‐6‐phenyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine (Ppbpy) showed significant solvent‐dependent properities while 4‐anthracen‐yl‐9″‐yl‐6‐phenyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine (Apbpy) displayed solvent‐independence, although they had similar molecular structure. Because of different twist angle between the arene and aryl‐bipyridine, Ppbpy displayed intermixing behaviors of local excited state (1La and 1Lb) and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), but Apbpy only showed the properties of local excited state 1La.
A Selective Membrane Electrode for Thiocyanate Ion Based on a Bis‐taurine‐salicylic Binuclear Copper(II) Complex as Ionophore
Authors: Fu‐Chang Wang , Ya‐Qin Chai , Ruo Yuan , Chun‐Hua Chen , Jian‐Yuan Dai , Lan Xu 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe response characteristics of a new potentiometric membrane electrode with unique selectivity towards thiocyanate ion were reported. The electrode was prepared by incorporating bis‐taurine‐salicylic binuclear copper(II) complex into a plasticized PVC‐membrane. The resulting electrode exhibits anti‐Hofmeister selectivity sequence: SCN−>I−>ClO4−>Sal−>NO3−>NO2−>Br−>Cl−>SO3−>SO42− and a near‐Nernstian potential linear range for thiocyanate from 1.0Å×10−1 to 1.0Å×10−6 mol·L‐1 with a detection limit of 8.0Å×10−7 mol·L−1 and a slope of −56.5 mV/pc in phosphate buffer solution of pH 5.0 at 20°C. The UV/Vis spectra, IR spectroscopy and AC impedance studies showed that the excellent selectivity to thiocyanate was related to the unique interaction between the central metal and the analyte and a steric effect associated with the structure of the carrier. The electrode was successfully applied to the determination of thiocyanate in waste water and human urine samples.
Functionalized Fluorescein‐doped SiO2 Nanoparticles for Immunochromatographic Assay
Authors: Min Liu , Zhao‐Yue Liu , Qiang Lü , Hang Yuan , Lan Ma , Jing‐Hong Li , Yu‐Bai Bai , Tie‐Jin Li 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA simple but effective approach was developed to synthesize amino functionalized fluorescein isothiocyanate‐doped silica nanoparticles based upon polycondensation of tetraethoxysilane. Organic dye molecule (fluorescein isothiocyanate) coupled with a silane coupling agent, 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane, was incorporated into silica sphere through controlled hydrolysis and polymerization of tetraethoxysilane. The dye was connected with silica sphere through 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane, which avoided the leakage of the dye. The cohydrolysis and polymerization of tetraethoxysilane and 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane outside the surface of the silica sphere formed another thin silica shell with the functionalized amino groups on the surface. With amino groups on the surface, the nanoparticle surface was affluent in positive charges. The amino‐functionalized nanoparticles were linked with mouse monoclonal antibody against hepatitis B virus surface antigen through electrostatic interaction to form fluorescence probes, which were tested by immunochromatographic assay using immunochromatography test strip. It was indicated that the fluorescence probe was suitable for immunoassay.
Improved Procedure for Preparation of Covalently Bonded Cellulose Tris‐phenylcarbamate Chiral Stationary Phases
Authors: Feng Qin , Xiao‐Ming Chen , Yue‐Qi Liu , Han‐Fa Zou , Jun‐De Wang 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe classical method for preparation of covalently boned cellulose derivative chiral stationary phases (CSP) with diisocyanate as spacer was improved. Diisocyanate was firstly allowed to react with 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane, and the resulting product was then applied as the spacer reagent to immobilize cellulose derivatives onto silica gel. Influences of the amount and the length of the spacer on the optical resolution ability of the CSP were investigated. Comparing improved procedure to classical diisocyanate method, the cross‐linking between the glucose units of the cellulose derivatives was avoided to the most extent. With the improved procedure, regio‐nonselective ways could be adopted to prepare covalently bonded CSP, which showed an advantage for the rapid preparation.
Syntheses and Complexation Properties of Novel Macrocyclic Molecular Receptors: Tetrahomodioxacalix[6]arene Derivatives
Authors: Hai‐Bing Li , Yuan‐Yin Chen , Xiang‐Liang Yang 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSeveral tetrahomodioxacalix[6]arene hexaesters, hexaacid and hexaamide derivatives were synthesized from tetrahomodioxacalix[6]arene by etherification with ethyl bromoacetate. It was found that p‐tert‐butyltetrahomodioxacalix[6]arene hexaethylester exhibited high selectivity towards lithium ion. p‐tert‐Butyltetrahomodioxacalix[6]arene hexaamides showed high ion‐binding ability towards transition metal ions.
Synthesis of a Chiral Tridentate Ligand from Proline and Its Application to Enantioselective Addition of Diethylzinc to Aldehydes
Authors: Li‐Hua Qiu , Zong‐Xuan Shen , Jian‐Feng Ge , Ya‐Wen Zhang 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA new chiral tridentate ligand [1‐(1‐methyl‐S‐pyrrolidin‐2‐ylmethyl)‐S‐pyrrolidin‐2‐yl]‐diphenylmethanol (1) has been successfully synthesized from S‐proline. The structure of the ligand was characterized by NMR spectra and X‐ray diffraction analysis. Its catalytic ability has also been examined in enantioselective addition of diethylzinc towards aldehydes with 15%–84% enantiomeric excesses (ee).
Solid Phase Synthesis of 4″‐epi‐Methylamino‐4″‐deoxyavermectin B1 Benzoate
Authors: Ming‐Kun Fu , Xian Wu , Jun Ning , Jian‐Zhong Li 
Published: August 2005

AbstractTo implement the solid phase synthesis of 4″‐epi‐methylamino‐4″‐deoxyavermectin B1 benzoate, tert‐butyl‐ dimethylsilylchloride was chosen for the first solution synthesis. Then a novel silyl chloride resin 1, achieved from hydroxymethyl polystyrene resin and dimethyldichlorosilane, was used successfully for the attachment of avermectin B1 2. Through oxidation, amination formation, cleavage, and benzoate formation, resin bounded avermectin B1 9 gave 4″‐epi‐methylamino‐4″‐deoxyavermectin B1 benzoate 6.
Two Novel Types of Cardiac Glycosides from Parepigynum funingense and the Possible Biogenesis
Authors: Jian‐Xin Cao , Shi‐De Luo 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFive novel cardiac glycosides with two types of unusual aglycone [funingenin A (2a) and B], named funingenosides EI (2‐6), together with a known compound, funingenoside B (1), were isolated from the aerial part of Parepigynum funingense Tsiang et P. T. Li (Apocynaceae). The structures of 2‐6 were elucidated by means of MS, IR, NMR spectral analyses and chemical degradation. The possible biogenetic pathway of the two types of cardiac glycosides was also discussed.
Effect of Inhibitors on Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of MMA
Authors: Hong Zhang , Dong‐Mei Xu , Ke‐Da Zhang 
Published: August 2005

AbstractEffect of a series of inhibitors as additives on atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with FeCl2/PPh3 as catalyst system was studied, including 2,4,6‐trinitrophenol (TNP), 4‐methoxyphenol (4‐MP), hydroquinone (HQ) and nitrobenzene (NB). It was found that TNP was the only efficient additive for ATRP among these inhibitors. In the presence of small amounts of TNP, the polymerization proceeded rapidly after induction period to yield the polymers with controlled molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions (MWD). The initiating efficiency of the modified catalyst system with TNP was increased. The mechanism was proposed and confirmed by the end group analysis of the polymer.
Influence of Light and Heat on the Stability of Nitrofurazone Solution
Authors: Zhi‐Yi Li , Xian‐Cheng Zhan , Lin‐Li Li , Kai‐Lan Li , Xiu‐Cen Yang , Tao Lin , Cheng‐Rong Li 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe influence of both light and heat on the stability of nitrofurazone aqueous solution was studied. Results show that in either heating experiments or the exposure to light at high temperatures, the degradation rate obeyed zero‐order kinetics. The total rate constant ktotal caused by both light and heat can be divided into two parts: ktotal=kdark+klight, where kdark and klight are the degradation rate constants caused by heat and light, respectively. The klight can be expressed as klight=Alight·exp(−Ea,light/RT)·E, where E is the illuminance of light, and Alight and Ea,light,light both are experimental constants. The values of these kinetic parameters were determined based on the experiments in the dark and upon exposure to three different light sources. Results show that the values of Alight and Ea,light varied with the light source. To save time, labor, and drugs, exponential heating experiments were employed and compared with the isothermal experiments. Results indicated that kinetic parameters obtained by exponential heating experiments are comparable to those obtained by isothermal experiments either in the dark or upon exposure to light.
Synthesis, Characterization and Properties of Organotin Complexes Dibutyltin(IV) Bis(heteroaromatic carboxylate) and Crystal Structure of Dibutyltin(IV) Bis(2‐thiazolylcarboxylate)
Authors: Han‐Dong Yin , Zhong‐Jun Gao , Chuan‐Hua Wang 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe six organotin complexes dibutyltin(IV) bis(heteroaromatic carboxylate) were synthesized by the reaction of (n‐Bu)2SnO with heteroaromatic carboxylic acid in 1:2 molar ratio. These complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H, 13C and 119Sn NMR. The crystal structure of dibutyltin(IV) bis(2‐thiazolylcarboxylate) was determined by X‐ray single crystal diffraction. This compound is a weakly bridged dimer through weak interaction Sn···O between molecules. The tin atoms took six‐coordinate skew‐trapezoidal bipyramidal geometry. The crystal of complex 3 belongs to monoclinic symmetry with space group P21/c, a=1.863(2) nm, b=2.220(3) nm, c=1.0395(10) nm, β=90.275(16)°, Z=8, V=4.292(8) nm3, Dc=1.514 Mg/m3, μ=1.406 mm‐1, F(000)=1968, S=0.999, R=0.0549, wR=0.1011.
Chemical Constituents of Acanthochlamys bracteata
Authors: Bang‐Jing Li , Bao‐Chun Gao , Shu‐Lin Peng , Xun Liao , Li‐Sheng Ding 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA novel nortriterpene, acanthochlamic acid (6), along with 18 known compounds has been isolated from the whole plants of Acanthochlamys bracteata P. C. Kao, a single species in family Acanthochlamydaceae which is endemic to the southwest of China. The structure of the novel nortriterpene was elucidated as 3,4‐seco‐3‐nor‐lup‐4(23),20(29)‐dien‐2,28‐dioic acid by spectroscopic techniques including 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and confirmed by X‐ray crystallography.
Hamiltonian long‐wave expansions for free surfaces and interfaces
Authors: Craig Walter , Guyenne Philippe , Kalisch Henrik 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe theory of internal waves between two bodies of immiscible fluid is important both for its interest to ocean engineering and as a source of numerous interesting mathematical model equations that exhibit nonlinearity and dispersion. In this paper we derive a Hamiltonian formulation of the problem of a dynamic free interface (with rigid lid upper boundary conditions), and of a free surface and a free interface, this latter situation occurring more commonly in experiment and in nature.From the formulation, we develop a Hamiltonian perturbation theory for the long‐wave limits, and we carry out a systematic analysis of the principal long‐wave scaling regimes. This analysis provides a uniform treatment of the classical works of Peters and Stoker (28), Benjamin (3, 4), Ono (26), and many others. Our considerations include the Boussinesq and Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) regimes over finite‐depth fluids, the Benjamin‐Ono regimes in the situation in which one fluid layer is infinitely deep, and the intermediate long‐wave regimes. In addition, we describe a novel class of scaling regimes of the problem, in which the amplitude of the interface disturbance is of the same order as the mean fluid depth, and the characteristic small parameter corresponds to the slope of the interface.Our principal results are that we highlight the discrepancies between the case of rigid lid and of free surface upper boundary conditions, which in some circumstances can be significant. Motivated by the recent results of Choi and Camassa (6, 7), we also derive novel systems of nonlinear dispersive long‐wave equations in the large‐amplitude, small‐slope regime. Our formulation of the dynamical free‐surface, free‐interface problem is shown to be very effective for perturbation calculations; in addition, it holds promise as a basis for numerical simulations. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The emergence of large‐scale coherent structure under small‐scale random bombardments
Authors: Majda Andrew J. , Wang Xiaoming 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWe provide mathematical justification of the emergence of large‐scale coherent structure in a two‐dimensional fluid system under small‐scale random bombardments with small forcing and appropriate scaling assumptions. The analysis shows that the large‐scale structure emerging out of the small‐scale random forcing is not the one predicted by equilibrium statistical mechanics. But the error is very small, which explains earlier successful prediction of the large‐scale structure based on equilibrium statistical mechanics. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interleukin‐10 inhibits lipopolysaccharide‐induced survival and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase activation in human neutrophils
Authors: Ward Carol , Murray Joanna , Clugston April , Dransfield Ian , Haslett Christopher , Rossi Adriano G. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractLipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces a marked delay in human neutrophil apoptosis that is reversed by the anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10. The effect of IL‐10 is specific since other agents that delay neutrophil apoptosis are not affected. To investigate mechanisms underlying the actions of IL‐10, we examined signaling pathways activated by LPS per se and in response to IL‐10. The MAPK kinase (MEK) 1 inhibitor PD098059, the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor Ro31,8220, and the phosphatidylinositol‐3 kinase (PI3‐K) inhibitor LY294002 all partially reversed LPS‐mediated retardation of neutrophil apoptosis, but the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203850 did not. LPS activates the transcription factor NF‐κB, however, IL‐10 did not affect the ability of LPS to activate NF‐κB as assessed by IκB‐α proteolysis. Although IL‐10 did not alter activation of ERK by GM‐CSF or TNF‐α, it did inhibit activation induced by LPS. Thus our data illustrate that LPS‐induced neutrophil survival is regulated by the MAPK, PKC and PI3‐K pathways as well as NF‐κB, and can be reversed by IL‐10, through a mechanism involving inhibition of ERK activation. Because of the specific nature of this inhibition, we conclude that IL‐10 interferes with an ERK activation pathway, which is not involved in GM‐CSF or TNF‐α signaling.
Voltammetric Investigation and Determination of Mefloquine
Authors: Uslu Bengi , Doǧan Burcu , Özkan Sibel A. , Aboul‐Enein Hassan Y. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe electrochemical reduction behavior of mefloquine HCl (MEF), the antimalarial drug, was studied in aqueous alcoholic media at a hanging mercury drop electrode. Cyclic voltammetric studies showed one well‐defined reduction peak and one ill‐defined reduction wave between pH 1.5 and 12.03. The reduction was found as irreversible or quasireversible depending on pH and exhibited diffusion controlled process. The mechanism of reduction process was discussed. A systematic study of the experimental parameters that affect the differential pulse and square wave response was carried out and the optimized experimental conditions were obtained. The calibration plots were derived for the determination of MEF in pharmaceutical dosage forms and biological samples. DPV and SWV techniques for the determination of MEF in Britton–Robinson buffer at pH 11.10, which allows quantitation over the 6×10−6 to 8×10−5 M range in the supporting electrolyte, were proposed. The linear response was obtained in samples in the ranges of 6×10−6 to 6×10−5 M for both techniques. These methods are fully validated. The standard addition method was used in the biological media. No electroactive interferences from the excipients and endogenous substances were found in tablets and biological fluids.