bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increasing trends of overweight and obesity in treatment-naive people living with HIV in Shenzhen from 2014 to 2020: an emerging health concern
Authors: Li Tianze , Sun Liqin , He Yun , Zhou Yang , Xu Liumei , Zhao Fang , Hu Dongsheng , Wang Hui , Lu Hongzhou , Liu Jiaye 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundWith the early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in China, the demographics of treatment-naïve people living with HIV (PLWH) are moving closer to those of the general population, which is characterized by a gradual increase in metabolic indicators. However, the epidemic trends of overweight and obesity over the past decade in treatment-naïve PLWH ready to initiate ART have not yet been investigated.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted, including 12,135 consecutive treatment-naïve PLWH ready to initiate ART in Shenzhen, using data retrieved from the China National Free Antiretroviral Treatment Program database from 2014 to 2020. The chi-square test was used to examine the trends of overweight and obesity between age groups, and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the association of overweight and obesity with hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia.ResultsDuring the 7-year study period, 12,135 treatment-naïve PLWH ready to initiate ART were included, among whom 1,837 (15.1%) were overweight and 388 (3.2%) were obese. The prevalence of overweight rose from 11.4 to 17.3% (Z = −4.58, P for trend &lt;0.01) and that of obesity from 2.0% to 4.2% (Z = −6.45, P for trend &lt;0.01) from 2014 to 2020. The annual prevalence of overweight was the highest in the age group of participants &gt;35 years compared to prevalence in other age groups during the period 2014–2020. Compared with those who were not overweight or obese, PLWH who were overweight or obese were more likely to have hyperglycemia (aOR 1.84, 95% CI: 1.37–2.49 for overweight; aOR 2.68, 95% CI: 1.62–4.44 for obesity), higher ALT level (aOR 2.70, 95% CI: 2.33–3.13 for overweight; aOR 3.85, 95% CI: 2.93–5.05 for obesity), higher TG levels (aOR 1.89, 95% CI 1.63–2.19 for overweight; aOR 2.56, 95% CI 1.97–3.32 for obesity), and lower HDL levels (aOR 1.67, 95% CI 1.44–1.95 for overweight; aOR 2.06, 95% CI 1.54–2.77 for obesity).ConclusionThe prevalence of overweight and obesity in treatment-naive PLWH increased steadily from 2014 to 2020 in Shenzhen. Overweight and obese in treatment-naive PLWH ready to initiate ART were associated with dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia. Public health authorities should take proactive steps to address these issues by implementing targeted screening, intervention programs including lifestyle modifications, and integrated healthcare services.
Access and use of WHO essential medicines in Italy
Authors: Petrella Alessandro , Fortinguerra Filomena , Cangini Agnese , Pierantozzi Andrea , Trotta Francesco 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundMany countries use the WHO Essential Medicines List (EML) as a guide for health policy choices to promote the efficient use of healthcare resources or adopt the concept of essential medicines (EMs) to develop their own national list of essential medicines. The aim of this study is to analyse the availability and use of medicines included in the 22nd WHO EML in Italy.MethodsUsing the ATC code (5th level), a comparison was made between the medicines included in the WHO EML and those retrieved from the Italian Medicines Agency (AIFA) database. The availability (regulatory and reimbursement status) of EMs, as well as the market share in expenditure (million euros) and consumption [measured in WHO-defined daily doses (DDDs)], compared to all reimbursed medicines in 2021, were analysed.ResultsIn 2021, approximately 85.2% (n = 414) of medicines included in the WHO EML were commonly marketed in Italy. Of these, 396 EMs were fully reimbursed by the Italian National Healthcare Service (INHS), corresponding to 81.5% (396/486) of the WHO EML, while the remaining 18.5% (90/486) were neither authorised (n = 72) nor reimbursed (n = 18). The study found a low coverage for anti-parasitic, insecticides, and repellent products (ATC P) in addition to medicines for the genitourinary system and sex hormones (ATC G). Even though medicines on the WHO EML, including therapeutic alternatives, accounted for ~48.5% of the expenditure for medicines reimbursed by INHS, the list covered 74% of all national drug consumed. Novel high-cost therapies indicated in high-prevalence diseases and rare conditions, mostly antineoplastic and immune-modulating agents (ATC L) not included in the WHO EML, were also guaranteed.ConclusionsIn Italy, high coverage of EMs was found. It was largely reimbursed by the INHS, even when compared to other European countries. Essential medicines represented a high percentage of the overall expenditure and consumption in Italy. The WHO EML could be an important tool to guide the health policy choices of high-income countries, although a more frequent update and easier access to information on rejected medicines are needed.
Muslim women’s perspectives on the barriers to sexually transmitted infections testing and diagnosis in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alomair Noura , Alageel Samah , Davies Nathan , Bailey Julia V. 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundMuslim women are especially vulnerable to sexually transmitted infections (STI) and are at higher risk of under-detection. Evidence on the unique barriers to STI testing and diagnosis among Muslim communities is severely lacking. Understanding the complexity of accessing STI testing and diagnosis in Muslim communities is an area that requires further exploration. We aimed to explore the multilevel barriers to STI testing and diagnosis among Muslim women.MethodsWe conducted qualitative semi-structured interviews informed by the ecological model of health. This study took place in Riyadh Saudi Arabia in 2019 with women aged over 18. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsTwenty-eight women were interviewed from different ages, marital status, employment, and educational levels. Muslim women’s perceived barriers to STI testing and diagnosis included personal, socio-cultural, and service-level barriers. Lack of knowledge about STIs, denial, and underestimating the seriousness of infection and symptoms were among the many individual barriers to STIs testing and diagnosis. Religious views towards extramarital sex and negative views of people with STIs is a significant barrier to STI testing and diagnosis. Lack of patient confidentiality and providers’ judgement and mistreatment were also cited as barriers to seeking healthcare.ConclusionBarriers to STI testing and diagnosis exist on many levels including personal, socio-cultural, religious, and healthcare services, and at policy level. Multilevel interventions are needed to reduce the stigma of STIs and facilitate access to sexual health services among Muslims. It is our recommendation that policy and research efforts are directed to enhance trust in the doctor-patient relationship through better clinical training as well as implementing stricter regulations to protect patients’ confidentiality in healthcare settings.
Dietary supplementation with honeycomb extracts positively improved egg nutritional and flavor quality, serum antioxidant and immune functions of laying ducks
Authors: Chen Xiaolian , Xiong Pingwen , Song Wenjing , Song Qiongli , Zou Zhiheng , Huang Jiangnan , Chen Jiang , Xu Chuanhui , Su Weide , Ai Gaoxiang , Wei Qipeng 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionHoneycomb is a traditional natural health medicine and has antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and antitumor activities. It is currently unclear whether honeycomb extract supplementation has positive effects on the intensive farming laying duck production. This study aims to evaluate the effects of honeycomb extracts on the laying performance, egg nutritional and flavor quality, serum biochemical indexes, and antioxidant and immune status in laying ducks.MethodsA total of 672 healthy 28-week-old Shanma laying ducks with similar laying performance and body weight were randomly distributed into four dietary treatments with 6 replicates of 28 birds. The birds in each treatment were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0 (control group), 0.5, 1.0 or 1.5 g/kg honeycomb extracts, respectively. Feed and water were provided ad libitum for 45 days. Laying performance, egg quality, egg nutrition and flavor quality, serum parameters were assessed.ResultsThe results showed that compared with the control group, honeycomb extracts addition significantly increased the average daily feed intake but did not affect the other laying performance indexes, egg quality or serum biochemical indexes of laying ducks. Dietary supplementation with honeycomb extracts significantly increased crude protein content and decreased the contents of cholesterol and trimethylamine in eggs. Diets supplemented with 1.5 g/kg honeycomb extracts significantly improved egg total amino acids and flavor amino acids contents, monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids composition and enhanced the serum antioxidant activity and immune functions of ducks.DiscussionDuck eggs are rich in nutrients and a valuable source of high-quality food for human, while they are rarely consumed directly by consumers because of their stronger fishy odor and lower sensory quality. Many studies have showed that the influence of dietary supplementation on egg components. This study indicated that dietary supplementation with honeycomb extracts positively reduced the contents of egg cholesterol and trimethylamine, improve egg amino acids contents and fatty acid profiles, enhanced serum antioxidant and immune status of laying ducks. The recommended supplemental level of honeycomb extracts was 1.5 g/kg in the diet of laying ducks.
Tropical Red Macroalgae Cultivation with a Focus on Compositional Analysis
Authors: Augyte Simona , Sims Neil A. , Martin Keelee , Van Wychen Stefanie , Panczak Bonnie , Alt Hannah , Nelson Robert , Laurens Lieve M. L. 
Published: October 2023

To create carbon efficient sources of bioenergy feedstocks and feedstuff for aquaculture and terrestrial livestock, it is critical to develop and commercialize the most efficient seaweed cultivation approach with a sustainable nutrient input supply. Here, we present data for a novel, onshore tropical macroalgae cultivation system, based on influent deep seawater as the nutrient and carbon sources. Two red algal species were selected, Agardhiella subulata and Halymenia hawaiiana, as the basis for growth optimization. Highest productivity in small-scale cultivation was demonstrated with A. subulata in the 10% deep seawater (64.7 µg N L−1) treatment, growing at up to 26% specific growth rate day−1 with highest yields observed at 247.5 g m−2 day−1 fresh weight. The highest yields for H. hawaiiana were measured with the addition of 10% deep seawater up to 8.8% specific growth rate day−1 and yields at 63.3 g fresh weight m−2 day−1 equivalent. Biomass should be culled weekly or biweekly to avoid density limitations, which likely contributed to a decrease in SGR over time. With a measured 30–40% carbon content of the ash-free dry weight (20–30% of the dry weight) biomass, this translates to an almost 1:1 CO2 capture to biomass ratio. The compositional fingerprint of the high carbohydrate content of both Agardhiella and Halymenia makes for an attractive feedstock for downstream biorefinery applications. By focusing on scaling and optimizing seaweed farming technologies for large-scale onshore farms, the opportunities for yield potential, adaptability to cultivation conditions, and meeting global sustainability goals through novel, carbon-negative biomass sources such as seaweed can be realized.
CEZA HUKUKUNDA ALTERNATİF KAST (DOLUS ALTERNATIVUS)
Authors: ÇİÇEK Mustafa , HACIOĞLU Burhan Caner 
Published: October 2023

Failin belirli bir davranışı gerçekleştirirken, birbirini sınırlayan birden fazla suç tipi veya neticeden birini mi yoksa diğerini mi gerçekleştireceğini kesin olarak bilmeden her iki ihtimali göze alıp kabul ederek hareket etmesi, alternatif kast olarak ifade edilmektedir. Alternatif kast, bir kast türü olmayıp birden fazla kast şeklinin bir arada bulunması halidir. Fail tek bir hareketle birden fazla suç tipine yönelik kasten hareket etmekte; ancak yalnızca bir neticenin meydana gelebileceğini, her iki neticenin birlikte gerçekleşmesinin mümkün olmadığı bilmektedir. Bu noktada failin kastı kapsamında yer alan ve gerçekleşmeyen neticeler bakımından cezai sorumluluğun tespiti tartışmalıdır.
Bu çalışmada bilhassa Alman hukukunda oldukça tartışmalı olan ve Türk hukukunda hakkında yeterli çalışma yapılmamış olan alternatif kast konusu incelenmiş, konuyla ilgili doktrinde yer alan görüşlere geniş ölçüde yer verilmeye çalışılmış, mukayeseli hukukta yer alan örneklerle konunun zenginleştirilmesine gayret edilmiş, ayrıca konuyla ilgili bir kısım yüksek yargı kararlarına da değinilmiştir.
Identyfikowane różnice i podobieństwa między polskim społeczeństwem goszczącym a migrantami z Ukrainy i Turcji — kontekst rynku pracy i edukacji
Authors: Golińska Agnieszka , Łużniak-Piecha Magdalena 
Published: October 2023

Celem badania była analiza orientacji akulturacyjnych Polaków stosunku do dwóch grup migrantów - osób zdobywających wyższe wykształcenie i doświadczenie profesjonalne, i jednocześnie pochodzących z dwóch krajów o różnym dystansie kulturowym w stosunku do Polski: 1) relatywnie bliskiej kulturowo Ukrainy i 2) relatywnie dalekiej kulturowo Turcji. Skupiono się na podobieństwach i różnicach kulturowych postrzeganych przez przedstawicieli społeczeństwa goszczącego w sferach związanych z rynkiem pracy i edukacji. Przeprowadzono 20 wywiadów częściowo ustrukturyzowanych, które poddano analizie jakościowej. Osoby pochodzące z Ukrainy generalnie określane były jako kulturowo bardzo podobne do Polaków, niemniej szczegółowa analiza poszczególnych obszarów związanych z pracą i edukacją wykazała istnienie także szeregu postrzeganych różnic kulturowych. Natomiast w przypadku osób z Turcji, w ocenie ogólnej osoby badane podkreślały różnice kulturowe, niemniej zwracano uwagę na podobieństwa w sytuacji, gdy osoby te należą do podobnej grupy społecznej. W przypadku małego dystansu kulturowego pojawia się zatem zagrożenie generalizacji prowadzące do niedostrzegania lub ignorowania istniejących różnic kulturowych.
Kontribusi Perda Kota Bandung terhadap Perlindungan Perempuan terkait Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga
Authors: Margolang Fahmi Ihsan , Jaelani Elan 
Published: October 2023

Violence against women continues to increase, while the existing law is still unable to guarantee their independence, the meaning of violence is not only a physical matter, but also from a psychological and non-fulfillable income as well as acts of violence against women, therefore it is important to analyze the draft trusteeship regarding contributions Regional regulations to become a savior shield for women's safety and independence, especially in the city of Bandung, with the aim of increasing women's security. The research method used is to examine the systematics of laws and regulations, by collecting regional regulations that eliminate women's protection, then aligning the meaning of women's protection by correlating the classification against the applicable regulations. The results of this study are that the Bandung City regional regulation on women's protection is quite good, from the form of legal assistance, then there are rehabilitation houses and other assistance services, but there is a lack of socialization of these regulations, so that the level of violence against women is still increasing.

ABSRAK
Kekerasan terhadap Perempuan terus kian melonjak,sedangkan Hukum yang ada masih belum dapat memastikan kemerdekaan mereka, makna kekerasan bukan hanya soal fisik saja, melainkan dari psikis serta nafkah yang tak dapat dipenuhi juga masuk tindak kekerasan terhadap perempuan,oleh karena itu pentingnya analisa Draft Perwali mengenai Kontribusi Peraturan Daerah untuk menjadi perisai penyelamat akan keselamatan dan kemerdekaan Perempuan, khususnya di Kota Bandung, dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan keamanan terhadap perempuan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah menelaah sistematika peraturan perundang-undangan, dengan cara mengumpulkan Peraturan Daerah yang dikeluarkan terkait perlindungan perempuan, kemudian menselaraskan makna perlindunagn perempuan dengan mengkorelasikan pengklasifikasian terhadap peraturan yang berlaku. Hasil penelitian ini adalah perda Kota Bandung terhadap perlindungan perempuan cukup baik, dari bentuk pendampingan hukum, kemudian adanaya rumah rehabilitasi dan pelayanan bantuan lainnya, akan tetapi kurangnya sosialisasi terhadap peraturan tersebut, sehingga tingkat kekerasan terhadap perempuan masih saja meningkat.
Effectiveness of graminicide application in chickpea crops in the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine
Authors: Hutianskyi R. 
Published: October 2023

Goal. To determine the effect of herbicides, in particular graminicides with different active ingredients, on the weediness of crops and the yield of chickpea seeds in the conditions of the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.
Methods. Field, measuring and weighing, statistical.
Results. Under conditions of the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, 27 species of weed plants were found in chickpea crops (annual cereals — 3 species, annual dicots — 17 species, perennial dicotyledonous — 7 species). Annual cereal weeds dominated in number (76.4%), and annual dicot weeds (44.3%) in terms of raw mass. The highest technical efficiency against annual cereal weeds, when applied during the budding stage of chickpea, was provided by the graminicide Lemur, EC (hyzalofop-P-tefuryl, 40 g/ l) — 1.5 l/ ha (by the number and raw mass of cereals, 99.2 and 98.3%, respectively), and the lowest efficiency was provided by the graminicide Selenite, EC (clethodim, 120 g/ l) — 1.0 l/ ha (79.4 and 71.8%, respectively). Tank mixture of soil herbicides Panda, EC (pendimethalin, 330 g/ l) — 3.5 l/ ha + Steals, EC (flurochloridone, 250 g/ l) — 2.0 l/ ha, which was applied in the pre-emergence period, controlled only the number of annual dicot weeds (technical efficiency was 62.1—79.0%), which was associated with a number of factors (the presence of resistant weed species in the crops, different soil moisture during the application period by years, the use of the minimum recommended doses of herbicides). The studied herbicides did not affect perennial dicot weeds. Combining soil herbicides with graminicides reduced the total number of weeds by 73.2—87.9%, and their raw weight by 22.4—43.0%. The highest economic efficiency (0.28 t/ ha) was provided by the composition of the preparations Panda, EC — 3.5 l/ ha + Steals, EC — 2.0 l/ ha (tank mixture) + Queen Star Max, EC (hyzalofop-P-ethyl, 125 g/ l) — 0.8 l/ ha.
Conclusions. In the absence of the effect of the studied herbicides on perennial dicot weeds and the insufficient effect of soil herbicides on annual dicot species, despite the high effectiveness of graminicides against cereals, it was not possible to obtain significant increase in the yield of chickpea seeds (from 0.13 to 0.28 t/ ha).
Mycoflora of strawberry plants
Authors: Shevchuk O. , Afanasieva O. , Golosna L. , Bondar T. , Zlenko D.S. , Mykhailenko S. , Hryhorenko I. 
Published: October 2023

Goal. To identify fungi associated with the tissues of strawberry plants and evaluate the frequency of their isolation at different stages of plant growth.
Methods. The research was conducted in the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine (Cherkasy Region) in 2021—2023, cv. ‘Clery’. Plant samples were taken in the phases of rosette formation (April), budding-flowering (May), fruit ripening (June) and in the post-harvest period (July-August). The analysis was carried out in laboratory conditions using macroscopic and biological methods.
Results. During the research period, fungi belonging to 27 genera were isolated from strawberry tissues. In general, they can be divided into three groups: pathogens of leaves, which is the most numerous, berries, roots and crown. Representatives of the genera Alternaria, which were isolated from 57—100% of samples, and Fusarium (40—88%) occurred most often. Less often, but also during the entire growing season, Penicillium spp. (36—69%), Podosphaera aphanis (11—80%), Botrytis cinerea (27—67%), Paraphomopsis obscurans (24—77%) were isolated. Among the leaf diseases powdery mildew was recorded during all growing season, with a maximum in the fruit ripening phase. White leaf spot was observed starting from the budding-flowering phase, and leaf scorch was found from the fruit ripening phase. Gray rot was the most common fruit disease. The root system was more often affected by Fusarium spp.
Conclusions. The obtained results demonstrate that during the entire growing season fungi of the genera Alternaria, Fusarium, Penicillium, as well as Podosphaera aphanis, Botrytis cinerea and Paraphomopsis obscurans were most often isolated from strawberry tissues. R.grevilleana was isolated starting from the budding-flowering phase, and D. earlianum from the fruit ripening phase. Species from the genera Podosphaera, Ramularia, Diplocarpon, Colletotrichum, Pestalotiopsis, Verticillium, Sclerotinia, Gnomoniopsis, Rhizoctonia, Coniella, Rhizopus, Septoria, Cylindrocarpon require constant control of their spread. Under favorable conditions for their development, they can cause damage to plants and a significant lack of harvest. The seasonal monitoring of fungi on strawberry provides a means for establishing the optimal periods for their control and developing effective disease protection system.
MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS DAN HASIL BELAJAR MELALUI PENERAPAN PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF MODEL ARCS MATA PELAJARAN MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS 6 DI SD NEGERI 2 PELEYAN KAPONGAN TAHUN PELAJARAN 2021/2022
Authors: Basid Akhmad 
Published: October 2023

Model pembelajaran ARCS (Attention, Relevance, Confidence, Satisfaction) merupakan model pembelajaran yang diharapkan dapat menanamkan rasa percaya diri dan bangga pada siswa, membangkitkan minat atau perhatian serta memberi kesempatan kepada mereka untuk mengevaluasi diri. Model pembelajaran ini dirancang dan dapat digunakan oleh guru untuk mempengaruhi tingkat keaktifan belajar siswa dalam proses pembelajaran yang akan berdampak pada prestasi belajar siswa. Dari uraian penyebab tersebut yang utama adalah guru kurang menggunakan metode yang bervaria. Desain penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah PTK dengan berkolaborasi dengan guru yang dilakukan 2 siklus. Dalam PTK ada 4 tahapan yaitu perencanaan, tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Data primer dengan menggunakan tes ulangan dan observasi dengan di checklist, dan data sekunder dengan wawancara. Peneliti menggunakan keharusan nilai sasaran atau KKM (Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal) menentukan kriteria sukses untuk menganalisis data. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa: Meningkatkan hasil belajar Siswa mencapai 92% melalui Penerapan model pembelajaran ARCS (Attention, Relevance, Confidence, Satisfaction) mata pelajaran matematika materi pokok Pecahan campuran kelas 6 di SD Negeri 2 Peleyan Kapongan tahun pelajaran 2021/2022. Meningkatkan aktivitas belajar Siswa mencapai 93% kategori sangat aktif melalui Penerapan model pembelajaran ARCS (Attention, Relevance, Confidence, Satisfaction) mata pelajaran matematika materi pokok Pecahan campuran kelas 6 di SD Negeri 2 Peleyan Kapongan tahun pelajaran 2021/2022.