bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebral autoregulation derived blood pressure targets in elective neurosurgery
Authors: Beqiri Erta , García-Orellana Marta , Politi Anna , Zeiler Frederick A. , Placek Michal M. , Fàbregas Neus , Tas Jeanette , De Sloovere Veerle , Czosnyka Marek , Aries Marcel , Valero Ricard , de Riva Nicolás , Smielewski Peter 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPoor postoperative outcomes may be associated with cerebral ischaemia or hyperaemia, caused by episodes of arterial blood pressure (ABP) being outside the range of cerebral autoregulation (CA). Monitoring CA using COx (correlation between slow changes in mean ABP and regional cerebral O2 saturation—rSO2) could allow to individualise the management of ABP to preserve CA. We aimed to explore a continuous automated assessment of ABPOPT (ABP where CA is best preserved) and ABP at the lower limit of autoregulation (LLA) in elective neurosurgery patients. Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of 85 patients [median age 60 (IQR 51–68)] undergoing elective neurosurgery. ABPBASELINE was the mean of 3 pre-operative non-invasive measurements. ABP and rSO2 waveforms were processed to estimate COx-derived ABPOPT and LLA trend-lines. We assessed: availability (number of patients where ABPOPT/LLA were available); time required to achieve first values; differences between ABPOPT/LLA and ABP. ABPOPT and LLA availability was 86 and 89%. Median (IQR) time to achieve the first value was 97 (80–155) and 93 (78–122) min for ABPOPT and LLA respectively. Median ABPOPT [75 (69–84)] was lower than ABPBASELINE [90 (84–95)] (p < 0.001, Mann-U test). Patients spent 72 (56–86) % of recorded time with ABP above or below ABPOPT ± 5 mmHg. ABPOPT and ABP time trends and variability were not related to each other within patients. 37.6% of patients had at least 1 hypotensive insult (ABP < LLA) during the monitoring time. It seems possible to assess individualised automated ABP targets during elective neurosurgery.
Climatic risks to adaptive capacity
Authors: Serdeczny Olivia , Andrijevic Marina , Fyson Claire , Lissner Tabea , Menke Inga , Schleussner Carl-Friedrich , Theokritoff Emily , Thomas Adelle 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDoes climate change influence if societies will be better or worse equipped to reduce climatic risks in the future? A society’s adaptive capacity determines whether the potential of adaptation to reduce risks will be realized. Assumptions about the level of adaptive capacity are inherently made when the potential for adaptation to reduce risks in the future and resultant levels of risk are estimated. In this review, we look at the literature on human impacts of climate change through the lens of adaptive capacity. Building on evidence of impacts on financial resources as presented in the Working Group 2 (WG2) report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6), we here present the methodology behind this review and complement it with an analysis of climatic risks to human resources. Based on our review, we argue that climate change itself adds to adaptation constraints and limits. We show that for more realistic assessments of sectoral climate risks, assumed levels of future adaptive capacity should — and can — be usefully constrained in assessments that rely on expert judgment, and propose avenues for doing so.
Basal cortisol in relation to metyrapone confirmation in predicting adrenal insufficiency after pituitary surgery
Authors: Huisman Pieter E. , Siegelaar Sarah E. , Hoogmoed Jantien , Post René , Peters Shariefa , Houben Moniek , Hillebrand Jacquelien J. , Bisschop Peter H. , Pereira Alberto M. , Bruinstroop Eveline 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Pituitary surgery can lead to post-surgical adrenal insufficiency with the need for glucocorticoid replacement and significant disease related burden. In patients who do not receive hydrocortisone replacement before surgery, at our center, an early morning plasma cortisol concentration using a cut-off value of 450 nmol/L 3 days after surgery (POD3) is used to guide the need for hydrocortisone replacement until dynamic confirmatory testing using metyrapone. The aim of this study was to critically assess the currently used diagnostic and treatment algorithm in patients undergoing pituitary surgery in our pituitary reference center.

Methods
Retrospective analysis of all patients with a POD3 plasma cortisol concentration < 450 nmol/L who received hydrocortisone replacement and a metyrapone test after 3 months. Plasma cortisol concentration was measured using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (Roche). All patients who underwent postoperative testing using metyrapone at Amsterdam UMC between January 2018 and February 2022 were included. Patients with Cushing’s disease or those with hydrocortisone replacement prior to surgery were excluded.

Results
Ninety-five patients were included in the analysis. The postoperative cortisol concentration above which no patient had adrenal insufficiency (i.e. 11-deoxycortisol > 200 nmol/L) was 357 nmol/L (Sensitivity 100%, Specificity 31%, PPV:32%, NPV:100%). This translates into a 28% reduction in the need for hydrocortisone replacement compared with the presently used cortisol cut-off value of 450 nmol/L.

Conclusion
Early morning plasma cortisol cut-off values lower than 450 nmol/L can safely be used to guide the need for hydrocortisone replacement after pituitary surgery.
Positive Orientation and Social Capital: The Insignificance of the Mediating Effects of Social Network Sites Usages
Authors: Lee Soon Li 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis research examined the relationships among positive orientation, types of social network sites (SNS) usage, and social capital. 235 private university students in Malaysia, aged from 18 to 30 (M = 19.64, SD = 1.50), participated in this research. They completed items that reflect on self-esteem, life satisfaction, optimism, the intensity of SNS use, the three connection strategies employed on SNS, and the bridging and bonding aspects of social capital. Factor analysis supported that self-esteem, life satisfaction, and optimism formed a single construct that was interpreted as positive orientation or positivity. Analyses revealed that the specific indirect effects of active use of SNS and the enacted SNS connection strategies on the relationship between positive orientation and social capital were not significant. Results revealed that the inclination to use SNS to seek relevant social information facilitated both weak and strong ties. Despite the benefits of SNS on the development of social capital, individuals with high positivity were able to form weak and strong ties that are beneficial without relying on these online platforms. The implications of the results and directions for future research are discussed.
Dining on corals: stable isotope evidence for close trophic connection between gall crabs (Cryptochiridae) and their stony coral hosts
Authors: Bravo Henrique , Dromard Charlotte R. , van der Meer Marcel T. J. , Schleimer Anna , van der Meij Sancia E. T. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe exact nature of the relationship between symbiont fauna and their hosts is often unclear, but knowing more about these intricate ecological interactions is vital to understand the trophic positions of host-associated fauna, and can aid in accurate constructions of food-webs on coral reefs. Scleractinian corals are hosts to hundreds of symbiont taxa, including fish and many invertebrate species. Some of these associated fauna are beneficial to their coral host(s), whereas other taxa can have detrimental effects, yet their impact is often difficult to determine. Coral-dwelling gall crabs (Cryptochiridae) are obligate, often host-specific, symbionts of scleractinian corals but the nature of this relationship is still under debate. Three Atlantic gall crab species (Kroppcarcinus siderastreicola, Opecarcinus hypostegus and Troglocarcinus corallicola) and their coral hosts’ tissue/mucus were collected from reefs in Guadeloupe. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values were measured for 57 crabs inhabiting host coral colonies belonging to seven different coral species (although only 27 colonies from five coral species were collected), alongside other potential food sources (epilithic algal matrix, plankton and particulate organic matter). The carbon and nitrogen isotope values of gall crabs relative to those of their respective coral host(s) and other possible food sources showed that coral tissue/mucus was the main food source for the crabs. The results of the mixing models further supported this finding, suggesting that corals are responsible for 40–70% of the crabs’ diet. In T. corallicola, the isotopic signature differed significantly between sexes, possibly caused by the high sexual dimorphism observed in this species. Here we showed that Atlantic gall crabs mainly dine on coral tissue and/or mucus excreted by their coral hosts, highlighting their nutritional dependence on their host. However, since coral mucus is continuously exuded by scleractinians, hence the energetic or metabolic drain for corals is expected to be minimal. Gall crabs depend on their coral hosts for settlement cues as larvae, for habitat as adults and - highlighted by this study - for food, essential for their subsistence. This obligate dependence on their hosts for all parts of their life makes them extremely vulnerable to reef degradation, and underlines the importance in understanding the exact nature of a relationship between symbiont and coral host.
Reduced Graphene Oxide Modified Enzyme Inhibition-Based Biosensor System for Detection of Paraoxon as a Nerve Agent Simulant
Authors: Yildirim-Tirgil Nimet , Ozel Meryem Tugce 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNerve agents, including organophosphorus compounds such as paraoxon, are potent and highly toxic chemicals with grave implications for human health and the environment. In this paper, we present the development of a novel enzyme inhibition-based biosensor for the sensitive and selective detection of paraoxon, which is commonly used as a surrogate for nerve agents. The biosensor employs reduced graphene oxide as a screen-printed electrode surface modification nanomaterial, leading to increased surface electroactivity and, thus, more sensitive detection. The biosensor exhibits a low detection limit of 0.56 pg/ml (limit of detection, LOD) and 1.25 pg/ml (limit of quantification, LOQ), highlighting its high sensitivity for trace-level analysis of nerve agents in complex sample matrices. Our biosensor demonstrates remarkable selectivity for paraoxon, with minimal interference from other non-target chemicals. Stability and repeatability tests reveal that the system maintains its performance integrity over a 45-day period and consistently produces readings with a margin of error of only 5%. Real sample testing in river water, wastewater, and tap water further confirms the biosensor's practical utility, with recovery percentages ranging from 84 to 115%. This biosensor represents a significant advancement in biosensor technology, facilitating the rapid, cost-effective, and reliable detection of toxic substances in real-world scenarios.
Multi-armed bandits for performance marketing
Authors: Gigli Marco , Stella Fabio 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper deals with the problem of optimising bids and budgets of a set of digital advertising campaigns. We improve on the current state of the art by introducing support for multi-ad group marketing campaigns and developing a highly data efficient parametric contextual bandit. The bandit, which exploits domain knowledge to reduce the exploration space, is shown to be effective under the following settings; few clicks and/or small conversion rate, short horizon scenarios, rapidly changing markets and low budget. Furthermore, a bootstrapped Thompson sampling algorithm is adapted to fit the parametric bandit. Extensive numerical experiments, performed on synthetic and real-world data, show that, on average, the parametric bandit gains more conversions than state-of-the-art bandits. Gains in performance are particularly high when an optimisation algorithm is needed the most, i.e. with tight budget or many ad groups, though gains are present also in the case of a single-ad group.
Novel recruitment approaches and operational results for a statewide population Cohort for cancer research: The Healthy Oregon Project
Authors: Zhang Zhenzhen , Shafer Autumn , Johnson-Camacho Katie , Adey Andrew , Anur Pavana , Brown Kim A. , Conrad Casey , Crist Rachel , Farris Paige E. , Harrington Christina A. , Marriott Lisa K. , Mitchell Asia , O’Roak Brian , Serrato Vanessa , Richards C. Sue , Spellman Paul T. , Shannon Jackilen 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background:
Cancer health research relies on large-scale cohorts to derive generalizable results for different populations. While traditional epidemiological cohorts often use costly random sampling or self-motivated, preselected groups, a shift toward health system-based cohorts has emerged. However, such cohorts depend on participants remaining within a single system. Recent consumer engagement models using smartphone-based communication, driving projects, and social media have begun to upend these paradigms.

Methods:
We initiated the Healthy Oregon Project (HOP) to support basic and clinical cancer research. HOP study employs a novel, cost-effective remote recruitment approach to effectively establish a large-scale cohort for population-based studies. The recruitment leverages the unique email account, the HOP website, and social media platforms to direct smartphone users to the study app, which facilitates saliva sample collection and survey administration. Monthly newsletters further facilitate engagement and outreach to broader communities.

Results:
By the end of 2022, the HOP has enrolled approximately 35,000 participants aged 18–100 years (median = 44.2 years), comprising more than 1% of the Oregon adult population. Among those who have app access, ∼87% provided consent to genetic screening. The HOP monthly email newsletters have an average open rate of 38%. Efforts continue to be made to improve survey response rates.

Conclusion:
This study underscores the efficacy of remote recruitment approaches in establishing large-scale cohorts for population-based cancer studies. The implementation of the study facilitates the collection of extensive survey and biological data into a repository that can be broadly shared and supports collaborative clinical and translational research.
Presidential Elections and European Party Systems (1848–2020)
Authors: Casal Bértoa Fernando , Weber Till 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPolitical scientists have long been concerned that a popularly elected presidency may destabilize competitive party systems. We develop and test a new theory holding that the impact is more immediate and severe than previously assumed. Coexisting legislative and presidential coalitions first and foremost impede the evolution of predictable party interactions at theexecutivelevel, which is the domain of the cabinet. This quality has become accessible for comparative research thanks to the concept ofparty system closure. Using a new dataset for all European democracies since 1848, we show that presidential elections undermine party system closure in two ways: (1) by confounding patterns of government formation (notably under powerful presidencies) and (2) by disturbing electoral/legislative politics, which in turn affect executive politics. The former, direct effect emerges as dominant from a series of panel analyses and case illustrations. These findings have important implications for current problems of constitutional design and institutional reform.
Adolescents’ experiences with the food selection at the sports arena in the area of Oslo, Norway: a focus group study
Authors: Garnweidner-Holme Lisa , Leganger Wattenberg Pauline Alise , Fostervold Mathisen Therese , Myhrstad Mari Charlotte Wik 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective:
To investigate adolescents’ experiences with the food selection at the sport arena.

Design:
Four focus group interviews were conducted with 4–6 participants each. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The transcripts were coded in NVivo and the analysis was guided by thematic analysis.

Setting:
Adolescents from handball and football clubs in Oslo and Viken, Norway, participated in the study.

Participants:
A total of nine boys (11–14 years old) and ten girls (11–14 years old) participated in the study.

Results:
We identified four main themes: interest for healthy food; experiences with the food selection at the sports arena; factors influencing participants’ food choices at the sports arena and expectations related to a healthy food selection at the sports arena. Adolescents across the focus groups experienced the food selection at the sports arena as unhealthy. Price, marketing and availability of unhealthy food were important factors that influenced their food choices at the sports arena. The trainer appeared to motivate the participants to eat healthy.

Conclusions:
Participants wished for a healthier food selection at the sports arena. Cost of food emerged as a factor that influenced their food choices. Our study also indicates that marketing of unhealthy food and beverages should be restricted, to influence adolescence food choice towards healthier alternatives.
Anthropogenic Influences Alter the Response and Seasonality of Evapotranspiration: A Case Study Over Two High Mountain Asia Basins
Authors: Maina Fadji Z. , Kumar Sujay V. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEarth's vegetation has been increasing over the past decades, altering water and energy cycles by changing evapotranspiration (ET). Greening, caused by climatic and anthropogenic factors, has high rates in High Mountain Asia (HMA). Here we focus on two HMA basins (the Yangtze and the Ganges‐Brahmaputra) to contrast the impacts of climate‐ and human‐induced greening on ET. Though the rate of greening is similar in both basins, anthropogenic influences lead to dissimilar responses in ET. In the Yangtze, climate‐induced greening increases ET, with the increase in moisture being high enough to meet the ET demand. In the Ganges‐Brahmaputra, irrigation‐induced greening does not alter annual ET, only pre‐monsoon ET increases. The dry season declines in water storage due to pumping decrease ET, while laboriously meeting the demand. This study provides a representative example of the contrasting influences of climate induced and anthropogenic driven processes on the seasonality of ET.
The transplant rejection response involves neutrophil and macrophage adhesion-mediated trogocytosis and is regulated by NFATc3
Authors: Zhao Siyu , Hu Yunyi , Yang Bicheng , Zhang Lichao , Xu Meiyining , Jiang Kefeng , Liu Zhun , Wu Mingrou , Huang Yun , Li Peipei , Liang Si-Jia , Sun Xi , Hide Geoff , Lun Zhao-Rong , Wu Zhongdao , Shen Jia 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe anti-foreign tissue (transplant rejection) response, mediated by the immune system, has been the biggest obstacle to successful organ transplantation. There are still many enigmas regarding this process and some aspects of the underlying mechanisms driving the immune response against foreign tissues remain poorly understood. Here, we found that a large number of neutrophils and macrophages were attached to the graft during skin transplantation. Furthermore, both types of cells could autonomously adhere to and damage neonatal rat cardiomyocyte mass (NRCM) in vitro. We have demonstrated that Complement C3 and the receptor CR3 participated in neutrophils/macrophages-mediated adhesion and damage this foreign tissue (NRCM or skin grafts). We have provided direct evidence that the damage to these tissues occurs by a process referred to as trogocytosis, a damage mode that has never previously been reported to directly destroy grafts. We further demonstrated that this process can be regulated by NFAT, in particular, NFATc3. This study not only enriches an understanding of host-donor interaction in transplant rejection, but also provides new avenues for exploring the development of novel immunosuppressive drugs which prevent rejection during transplant therapy.
Unlocking osmotic energy harvesting potential in challenging real-world hypersaline environments through vermiculite-based hetero-nanochannels
Authors: Wang Jin , Cui Zheng , Li Shangzhen , Song Zeyuan , He Miaolu , Huang Danxi , Feng Yuan , Liu YanZheng , Zhou Ke , Wang Xudong , Wang Lei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNanochannel membranes have demonstrated remarkable potential for osmotic energy harvesting; however, their efficiency in practical high-salinity systems is hindered by reduced ion selectivity. Here, we propose a dual-separation transport strategy by constructing a two-dimensional (2D) vermiculite (VMT)-based heterogeneous nanofluidic system via an eco-friendly and scalable method. The cations are initially separated and enriched in micropores of substrates during the transmembrane diffusion, followed by secondary precise sieving in ultra-thin VMT laminates with high ion flux. Resultantly, our nanofluidic system demonstrates efficient osmotic energy harvesting performance, especially in hypersaline environment. Notably, we achieve a maximum power density of 33.76 W m−2, a 6.2-fold improvement with a ten-fold increase in salinity gradient, surpassing state-of-the-art nanochannel membranes under challenging conditions. Additionally, we confirm practical hypersaline osmotic power generation using various natural salt-lake brines, achieving a power density of 25.9 W m−2. This work triggers the hopes for practical blue energy conversion using advanced nanoarchitecture.
Markets as drivers of selection for highly virulent poultry pathogens
Authors: Sheen Justin K. , Rasambainarivo Fidisoa , Saad-Roy Chadi M. , Grenfell Bryan T. , Metcalf C. Jessica E. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTheoretical models have successfully predicted the evolution of poultry pathogen virulence in industrialized farm contexts of broiler chicken populations. Whether there are ecological factors specific to more traditional rural farming that affect virulence is an open question. Within non-industrialized farming networks, live bird markets are known to be hotspots of transmission, but whether they could shift selection pressures on the evolution of poultry pathogen virulence has not been addressed. Here, we revisit predictions for the evolution of virulence for viral poultry pathogens, such as Newcastle’s disease virus, Marek’s disease virus, and influenza virus, H5N1, using a compartmental model that represents transmission in rural markets. We show that both the higher turnover rate and higher environmental persistence in markets relative to farms could select for higher optimal virulence strategies. In contrast to theoretical results modeling industrialized poultry farms, we find that cleaning could also select for decreased virulence in the live poultry market setting. Additionally, we predict that more virulent strategies selected in markets could circulate solely within poultry located in markets. Thus, we recommend the close monitoring of markets not only as hotspots of transmission, but as potential sources of more virulent strains of poultry pathogens.