bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Responding to Troubled Youth
Authors: Maxson Cheryl L , Klein Malcolm W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book provides an overview of the dominant philosophical approaches and practices in handling status offenders--those children who habitually resist the control of their parents and schools, who run away from home, who drink and stay out after curfew. The three basic and competing social philosophies in responding to these troubled and troublesome youths--discussed at length in this book--are known as the treatment, deterrence, and normalization rationales. In examining these philosophies, the authors consider the quality and quantity of response to and for status offenders at local community service outlets in seven different cities. In this way, Maxson and Klein are able to determine whether such response practices conform with the ideological thrusts embedded in state legislation. The results will surprise many legislative and youth service policy professionals. Agency characteristics, service-delivery patterns, and youth clients do indeed reflect the treatment, deterrence, and normalization rationales, but in ways that have little bearing on the dominant philosophies embodied by state legislation. Special chapters are devoted to those minors most likely to slip through the safety-net of youth service --chronic runaways and street kids. The authors discuss the implications of their findings for lawmakers and policy developers.
Legislative Analysis
Authors: Szymanski Linda 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A fundamental premise of our research is that there are several basic rationales that underlie the ebb and flow of policy positions on the handling of troublesome youth. State legislation governs the handling of status offenders, and state budgets provide the funds for many law enforcement and youth service programs. If state legislation is important in this area, then local practice or strategies for responding to these youth should be in tune with the state policy. Our study was designed to test this proposition-whether local practices exemplify the philosophical approaches embedded in legislation.
State Mandates and Agency Service Delivery to Status Offenders
Authors: Gordon Margaret A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this and the following chapter, we present the core data analyses that test the hypothesis that agency service delivery to status offenders flows from the philosophical orientations articulated in state legislative mandates. In chapter 3, we have revealed our cards early, effectively removing what suspense may be derived from perusing the upcoming tables reporting the rationale-based comparisons. By and large, agency characteristics and service delivery patterns do not reflect the rationales derived from legislation, but the three philosophical approaches are alive and well in services to status offenders.
The Unserved Runaways in Three Cities
Authors: Little Margaret A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In three of the national sites, street youth were interviewed to assess the types of services they need and the impediments to utilizing those services. This survey provides essential, otherwise untapped information on the youth who fall through the “cracks” in the service network. It is only by interviewing these youths who are not served or are underserved by the existing social service system that the shortcomings and weaknesses of that system are fully illuminated.
Runaway Services
Authors: Maxson Cheryl L , Klein Malcolm W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In our initial visits to the seven sites included in DSO II, we asked a number of our agency contacts the same question: “Is this a caring city?” It would be difficult for a public official or private agency administrator to answer in the negative, of course, but two roughly contrasting depictions did emerge. The first was to assert that one’s city was indeed a “caring community;’ and examples were offered-shelter care, volunteerism, primary prevention programs, and so on. The other modal response was along the lines of, “Yes, when something really heart-rending takes place, folks here rally around the needs of the people affected. But mostly we believe people are responsible for their own.”
Developing Adolescent Peer Culture through Collaborative Narration
Authors: Eder Donna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Narrative discourse offers the opportunity for expressing and evaluating multiple points of view and especially for contrasting one’s own perspective with that of others as one selects, recounts, and dramatizes the details of an episode from the past. Through both self-presentation and alter casting-that is, projecting an identity for others (Weinstein & Deutschberger 1963)-storytellers propose a particular outlook on their situation, distinguish themselves from other people, and indicate the values they share with their audience.
War & Press Freedom
Authors: Smith Jeffery A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
War and Press Freedom: The Problem of Prerogative Power is a groundbreaking and provocative study of one of the most perplexing civil liberties issues in American history: What authority does or should the government have to control press coverage and commentary in wartime? First Amendment scholar Jeffery A. Smith shows convincingly that no such extraordinary power exists under the Constitution, and that officials have had to rely on claiming the existence of an autocratic "higher law" of survival. Smith carefully surveys the development of statutory restrictions and military regulations for the news media from the ratification of the Bill of Rights in 1791 through the Gulf War of 1991. He concludes that the armed forces can justify refusal to divulge a narrow range of defense secrets, but that imposing other restrictions is unwise, unnecessary, and unconstitutional. In any event, as electronic communication becomes almost impossible to constrain, soldiers and journalists must learn how to respect each other's obligations in a democratic system.
The Federalists and the French Revolution
Authors: Smith Jeffery A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Wartime suppression of press freedom by the Congress and the president has been the result of a peculiar mixture of politics and paranoia. The first major test of the press clause of the First Amendment occurred in 1798, when the United States was contemplating a war with France that was never declared but that nevertheless proved costly in terms of military preparations and civil liberties. Taxes and borrowing were authorized and freedom of expression was suspended in an atmosphere of alarm promoted by Federalists like Alexander Hamilton, whose journalism warned that America could soon be surrendering its sovereignty to the French and making a new government “according to the fancy of the Directory.” Despite Enlightenment aspirations of concentrating on peaceful pursuits, isolated from the conflicts of other countries, many citizens were tormented by fears of foreign nations and reacting with near hysteria. The Sedition Act of 1798, which virtually outlawed criticism of government, demonstrated the willingness of some Americans to disregard the Bill of Rights and to attempt to silence those who expressed dissenting views.
Kolberg (Germany, 1945): As Historical Filmand Historical Document
Authors: Paret Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Kolberg (Germany, 1945) is not among the major successes of the German motion-picture industry during the Third Reich. It achieved coherence neither as a drama nor—despite its excess of rhetorical energy—as a political statement. Nevertheless, the film continues to attract attention. The circumstances of its production, its aesthetic qualities and flaws, and its evidentiary power as a document of the last phase of National Socialism at war—all serve to keep interest alive in a work in which Goebbels, and through him the regime, invested material resources and psychic expectations to an unusual degree.
Kolberg (Germany, 1945): The Goebbels Diaries and Poland’s Kołobrzeg Today
Authors: Culbert David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end, we shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender, and even if, which I do not for a moment believe, this island or a large part of it were subjugated and starving, then our Empire beyond the seas, armed and guarded by the British fleet, would carry on the struggle until, in God’s good time, the new world, with all its power and might, steps forth to the rescue and the liberation of the old.
Ivan’s Childhood (USSR, 1962) and Come and See (USSR, 1985): Post-Stalinist Cinema and the Myth of World War II
Authors: Youngblood Denise J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
World War II, known in the former Soviet Union as the Great Fatherland War or Great Patriotic War, could have been invented as a subject for socialist realist cinema. With perhaps 20 to 27 million dead (a figure representing approximately 15 percent of the population) and Belorussia, Ukraine, and European Russia in smoldering ruins, it is difficult for anyone to exaggerate the space of the tragedy, the scope of the disaster, the scale of heroism. The Soviet government tried, however—and succeeded for a more than a generation.
Shape Your Opponent
Authors: McNeilly Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To defeat the competition, you must first make them conform to your strategy, your rules, your will. You must seize the advantage and make your competitor meet you at the time and place of your choosing. To master the competition in this manner is what Sun Tzu meant by “shaping.”
To shape your competition, you must first put together all you have learned so far. You must know the situation.
Then you must be able to deceive your competitor as to your plans.
Putting The Art of Business into Practice
Authors: McNeilly Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Now that you have read and contemplated Sun Tzu’s approach to strategy, it is time to apply it. This chapter helps you to do that by providing a process you can use in your company. This process, The Art of Business Approach®, has six steps that follow naturally from the six principles. Although parts of the six principles may apply to more than one step, for simplicity’s sake I have made them correspond directly.
Enactment and the Boundary less Career: Organizing as We Work
Authors: Weick Karl E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Mary Catherine Bateson captures the theme of this chapter in her comments about deviant resumes: “ Resumes full of change show resiliency and creativity, the strength to welcome new learning; yet personnel directors often discriminate against anyone whose resume does not show a clear progression. Quite a common question in job interviews is, ‘ What do you want to be doing in five years?’ ‘Something I cannot now imagine’ is not yet a winning answer. Accepting that logic, young people worry about getting ‘on track,’ yet their years of experimentation and short-term jobs are becoming longer. If only to offer an alternative, we need to tell other stories, the stories of shifting identities and interrupted paths, and to celebrate the triumphs of adaptation.” (1994: 83).
Boundaryless Contexts and Careers: A Competency-Based Perspective
Authors: Defillippi Robert J , Arthur Michael B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Some observers have noted how careers are increasingly characterized by inter firm mobility (MaGuire, 1993; Pfeffer and Baron, 1988; Kanter, 1989a, 19896). U.S. workers typically experience ten employers over their adult lives (Topel and Ward, 1992). Japanese male workers-despite their country’s reputation for lifetime employment-typically experience six employers (Cheng, 1991). Yet recent reviews of career research report a preponderance of studies focused on single employment settings (Feldman, 1989; Ornstein and Isabella, 1993); even occupational career perspectives, on general managers, for example (McCall, Lombardo, and Morrison, 1988), or on scientists and engineers (Raelin, 1991), have been premised on the unfolding of careers in a single firm.
Careers as Repositories of Knowledge: Considerations for Boundaryl ess Careers
Authors: Bird Allan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The traditional notion of a career as something that occurs within a single firm, or that consists of an obvious sequence of positions, no longer holds. In fact, one response to the appearance of boundary less firms is the increasing growth in what has come to be known as boundary less careers. To fully understand the implications of these emerging trends, a new perspective is required.
Global Boundaryless Careers: Lessons from Chinese Family Businesses
Authors: Granrose Cherlyn Skromme , Chua Bee Leng 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The dramatic growth of East Asian economies marks the emergent centrality of “Confucian capitalism” in the new world order (Berger, 1991; Redding, 1990; Hofestede and Bond, 1988). In particular, the growth of the “four dragons”-Singapore, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and South Korea--offers clear evidence of new global players (Woronoff, 1986). The more recent explosion of capitalism, in the People’s Republic of China (PRC), Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam, echoing the economic transformation of Japan, confirms the magnitude of Asian economic development (Lord, 1995; Berger, 1991; Berger and Hsiao, 1988; Friedman, 1988; Gerlach, in press).
The Rhetoric of Boundary less-Or, How the Newly Empowered Managerial Class Bought into Its Own Marginalization
Authors: Hirsch Paul M , Shanley Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Let us imagine we are looking back from the year 2000. As the 1990s drew to a close, three of the most noteworthy trends of the decade were:The resurgence of such corporate “dinosaurs” as IBM, GM, and Sears, which rejoined GE, AT&T, PepsiCo, Microsoft, and Hewlett-Packard among the giants of American industry (as prophesied by Kanter, 1989);
The Young American Lexicon:Field and Codification
Authors: Widmer Edward L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On August 5, 1850, a group of mildly inebriated American intellectuals, in a rare display of physical hardihood, clambered up Monument Mountain, just south of Stockbridge in western Massachusetts. True, the “mountain” in question was only 1,640 feet high, but its ascent marked an important opportunity for several Young Americans to gather together and descant on their favorite topics. Indeed, this humble mountaineering expedition may well have signaled the apogee of Young America. The climbers included city slickers on vacation (Duyckinck, Mathews, Boston publisher James T. Fields), writers residing in the Berkshires (Hawthorne, Melville, Oliver Wendell Holmes), and two Stockbridge natives, Henry Dwight Sedgwick and David Dudley Field.
Young America Redux
Authors: Widmer Edward L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1852, reflecting on the failure of the revolution in France, Karl Marx paraphrased Hegel to remark that history enacts itself twice, the first time as tragedy, the second time as farce. His ruminations were originally published in New York, where at that very moment a bastardized Young America was rising up to reassert America’s Manifest Destiny in even more strident language than 1845. Its reincarnation darkly confirmed Marx’s pithy observation.
Criminal Justice
Authors: Teitel Ruti G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the public imagination, transitional justice is commonly linked with punishment and the trials of ancien régimes. The enduring symbols of the English and French Revolutions from monarchic to republican rule are the trials of Kings Charles I and Louis XVI. A half century after the events, the leading monument to the Nazis’ World War II defeat remains the Nuremberg trials. The triumph of democracy over military rule in Southern Europe’s transitions is represented in Greece’s trials of its colonels. Argentina’s junta trial marked the end of decades of repressive rule throughout Latin America. The contemporary wave of transitions from military rule, throughout Latin America and Africa, as well as from Communist rule in Central Europe and the former Soviet bloc, has revived the debate over whether to punish.
Toward a Theory of Transitional Justice
Authors: Teitel Ruti G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book has explored two questions: what legal approaches do societies in transition adopt in responding to their legacies of repression? And what is the significance of these legal responses for these societies’ liberalizing prospects? We are now in a position to examine what light Transitional Justice sheds on these questions and, more generally, on law’s role in periods of far-reaching political change. In exploring states’ legal responses to their illiberal legacies, Transitional Justice pursues an interpretative, historical, and comparative method in order to draw synthetic conclusions concerning what these practices convey about the conception of justice at such times. What emerges is a pragmatic balancing of ideal justice with political realism that instantiates a symbolic rule of law capable of constructing liberalizing change. This concluding chapter thus analyzes the legal phenomena discussed throughout this book in terms of a theory of transitional justice that bridges ideal conceptions of the rule of law and the contingent political exigencies of particular cases.
What Morality Is About
Authors: Hartman Edwin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It seems obvious that the institution of morality is supposed to make people better off than they would otherwise be. When we try to say how we know that is true or what it means or what follows from it, however, the claim may begin to seem both dubious and trivial. A certain sort of relativist might question whether morality necessarily has anything to do with making people better off, or with any sort of outcome, on the grounds that what is morally right is at least in part a matter of what people in a community agree on, and people in a community might not agree to take one another’s well-being seriously. One might also deny that there are rights other than those granted by community agreements, or justice aside from adherence to community rules. I claim that morality does indeed characteristically make people better off, but not that being better off is a simple state or an individual matter, rather than one affected by one’s community, even one’s organization. The enterprise of business itself, quite aside from ethics, is supposed to make us better off than we would be without the fruits of the production it organizes.’ And so it normally does, occasionally in ways economists have not noticed. Sometimes, however, it surely does not, and that some business practice makes people worse off gives reason to believe that it is an immoral practice. Insofar as any institution makes people better off it is prima facie moral.
Business, Ethics, and Business Ethics
Authors: Hartman Edwin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What are a businessperson’s moral obligations? One might argue that being in business does not excuse immoral behavior and that therefore a businessperson’s moral obligations are essentially the same as those of anyone else; one might then infer that there are no interesting moral issues that relate just to business. Alternatively, one might argue that a businessperson acting in a business capacity does not have an obligation to be moral in an ordinary sense: in the long run, in fact, the important stakeholders in the business system are best off if its individual participants faithfully and even ruthlessly serve their managers and stockholders. If either claim is true, the study of business ethics loses much of its point. If a businessperson’s moral obligations all derive just from being a person, then business ethics is nothing more than ethics, essentially the same whether applied to businesspeople or others. If, on the other hand, a businessperson had better not be moral, then business ethics is truly an oxymoron. To defeat these claims requires that we address an issue we have already discussed in a slightly different guise: what is the relationship between the moral obligations that come with one’s role in the business system and the moral obligations that one normally has anyway?
Marginal Productivity and the Indeterminacy of Factor Prices
Authors: Mandler Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Economists customarily view production processes as differentiable functions of the inputs employed. Indeed, it has been 100 years since Philip Wicksteed first used the constant returns to scale differentiable production function to present a complete marginal productivity theory of factor pricing and distribution. But accompanying this century-long tradition have been steady complaints that the extensive possibilities for factor substitution implicit in marginal productivity theory are unrealistic; critics have insisted that factors may be combined productively in only a handful of discrete ways.
Organizational Learning: From Theory to Reality
Authors: Yeung Arthur K , Ulrich David O , Nason Stephen W , Glinow Mary Ann Von 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As the 1990s draw to a frenetic close, management theorists aren’t the only ones holding forth about the need for organizational learning. Executives at some of today’s top companies now discuss “knowledge” and “the fifth discipline” with the seriousness normally reserved for capital expenditures, unit costs, and market share.
Consider Harley-Davidson. CEO Rich Teerlink has invested in a “Harley University,” in which customers can attend extensive training workshops on the safety and maintenance of motorcycles; dealers learn about service and business success in other sessions; and employees participate in classes on leadership, values, and change. Even more important, this CEO mentions the need for learning in almost every speech he makes—to employees in one-day leadership conferences, to shareholders at annual meetings, to distributors in workshops, and to customers at motorcycle rallies. Underlying these various efforts is a strong belief that learning leads to competitiveness.
What We Know about Organizational Learning: Different Learning Styles
Authors: Yeung Arthur K , Ulrich David O , Nason Stephen W , Glinow Mary Ann Von 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Consider 3M and Samsung Electronics. Both companies are admired for their ability to adapt to changing market conditions; both are successful in addressing their respective business needs. Both are learning organizations—yet their learning styles are very different. Samsung Electronics learns by benchmarking through joint venture partners, trading partners, and suppliers; 3M learns through encouraging employee experimentation.
According to James Collins and Jerry Porras in their popular 1994 book Built to Last, 3M has developed a distinct management philosophy. Near its shaky beginning in 1902, this company learned a hard lesson. Early founders bet on the wrong product (corundum mining) and discovered fast that they had to diversify 3M’s products to minimize risks. To accomplish this, employees were and still are encouraged to exercise individual initiative in experimenting with new products, as long as these products meet a demonstrable human need. Managerial enthusiasm for experimentation is best captured in phrases like “Encourage; don’t nit-pick. Let people run with an idea.” “Encourage experimental doodling.” “Give it a try—and quick!”