bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting attentional allocation in real‐world environments: The need to investigate crossmodal semantic guidance
Authors: Wegner‐Clemens Kira , Malcolm George L. , Shomstein Sarah 
Published: January 2024

AbstractReal‐world environments are multisensory, meaningful, and highly complex. To parse these environments in a highly efficient manner, a subset of this information must be selected both within and across modalities. However, the bulk of attention research has been conducted within sensory modalities, with a particular focus on vision. Visual attention research has made great strides, with over a century of research methodically identifying the underlying mechanisms that allow us to select critical visual information. Spatial attention, attention to features, and object‐based attention have all been studied extensively. More recently, research has established semantics (meaning) as a key component to allocating attention in real‐world scenes, with the meaning of an item or environment affecting visual attentional selection. However, a full understanding of how semantic information modulates real‐world attention requires studying more than vision in isolation. The world provides semantic information across all senses, but with this extra information comes greater complexity. Here, we summarize visual attention (including semantic‐based visual attention), crossmodal attention, and argue for the importance of studying crossmodal semantic guidance of attention.This article is categorized under:
Psychology > Attention
Psychology > Perception and Psychophysics
Sommerfeld enhancement for puffy self-interacting dark matter
Authors: Wang Wenyu , Xu Wu-Long , Yang Jin Min , Zhu Bin , Zhu Rui 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We examine the Sommerfeld enhancement effect for the puffy self-interacting dark matter. We find out two new parameters to classify the self-scattering cross section into the Born, the resonance and the classical regimes for the puffy dark matter. Then we observe that the resonance peaks for the puffy dark matter self-scattering and for the Sommerfeld enhancement effect have the same locations. Further, we find that for a large ratio between Rχ (radius of a puffy dark matter particle) and 1/mϕ (force range), the Sommerfeld enhancement factor approaches to 1 (no enhancement). Finally, for the puffy SIDM scenario to solve the small-scale problems, the values of the Sommerfeld enhancement factor are displayed in the allowed parameter regions.
Thermophilic biocatalysts for one-step conversion of citrus waste into lactic acid
Authors: Aulitto Martina , Alfano Alberto , Maresca Emanuela , Avolio Roberto , Errico Maria Emanuela , Gentile Gennaro , Cozzolino Flora , Monti Maria , Pirozzi Annachiara , Donsì Francesco , Cimini Donatella , Schiraldi Chiara , Contursi Patrizia 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Agri-food residues offer significant potential as a raw material for the production of L-lactic acid through microbial fermentation. Weizmannia coagulans, previously known as Bacillus coagulans, is a spore-forming, lactic acid-producing, gram-positive, with known probiotic and prebiotic properties. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of utilizing untreated citrus waste as a sustainable feedstock for the production of L-lactic acid in a one-step process, by using the strain W. coagulans MA-13. By employing a thermophilic enzymatic cocktail (Cellic CTec2) in conjunction with the hydrolytic capabilities of MA-13, biomass degradation was enhanced by up to 62%. Moreover, batch and fed-batch fermentation experiments demonstrated the complete fermentation of glucose into L-lactic acid, achieving a concentration of up to 44.8 g/L. These results point to MA-13 as a microbial cell factory for one-step production of L-lactic acid, by combining cost-effective saccharification with MA-13 fermentative performance, on agri-food wastes. Moreover, the potential of this approach for sustainable valorization of agricultural waste streams is successfully proven.

Key points
• Valorization of citrus waste, an abundant residue in Mediterranean countries.
• Sustainable production of the L-( +)-lactic acid in one-step process.
• Enzymatic pretreatment is a valuable alternative to the use of chemical.

Graphical Abstract
Lower extremity infections: Essential anatomy and multimodality imaging findings
Authors: Matcuk George R. , Skalski Matthew R. , Patel Dakshesh B. , Fields Brandon K. K. , Waldman Leah E. , Spinnato Paolo , Gholamrezanezhad Ali , Katal Sanaz 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn modern practice, imaging plays an integral role in the diagnosis, evaluation of extent, and treatment planning for lower extremity infections. This review will illustrate the relevant compartment anatomy of the lower extremities and highlight the role of plain radiographs, CT, US, MRI, and nuclear medicine in the diagnostic workup. The imaging features of cellulitis, abscess and phlegmon, necrotizing soft tissue infection, pyomyositis, infectious tenosynovitis, septic arthritis, and osteomyelitis are reviewed. Differentiating features from noninfectious causes of swelling and edema are discussed.
Agrobacterium-mediated transfer of the Fusarium graminearum Tri6 gene into barley using mature seed-derived shoot tips as explants
Authors: Gao Dongying , Abdullah Sidrat , Baldwin Thomas , Caspersen Ann , Williams Edward , Carlson Alvar , Petersen Mike , Hu Gongshe , Klos Kathy Esvelt , Bregitzer Phil 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Key message
We transferred the Tri6 gene into the elite barley GemCraft via new transformation method through shoot organogenesis and identified the rearrangements of transgenes and phenotypic variations in the transgenic plants.

Abstract
Despite its agronomic and economic importance, barley transformation is still very challenging for many elite varieties. In this study, we used direct shoot organogenesis to transform the elite barley cultivar GemCraft with the RNAi constructs containing Tri6 gene of Fusarium graminearum, which causes fusarium head blight (FHB). We isolated 4432 shoot tips and co-cultured these explants with Agrobacterium tumefaciens. A total of 25 independent T0 transgenic plants were generated including 15 events for which transgene-specific PCR amplicons were observed. To further determine the presence of transgenes, the T1 progenies of all 15 T0 plants were analyzed, and the expected PCR products were obtained in 10 T1 lines. Droplet digital (dd) PCR analysis revealed various copy numbers of transgenes in the transgenic plants. We determined the insertion site of transgenes using long-read sequencing data and observed the rearrangements of transgenes. We found phenotypic variations in both T1 and T2 generation plants. FHB disease was evaluated under growth chamber conditions, but no significant differences in disease severity or deoxynivalenol accumulation were observed between two Tri6 transgenic lines and the wildtype. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of the shoot tip transformation and may open the door for applying this system for genetic improvement and gene function research in other barley genotypes.
Are dilution, slow injection and care bolus technique the causal solution to mitigating arterial-phase artifacts on gadoxetic acid–enhanced MRI? A large-cohort study
Authors: Poetter-Lang Sarah , Ambros Raphael , Messner Alina , Kristic Antonia , Hodge Jacqueline C. , Bastati Nina , Schima Wolfgang , Chernyak Victoria , Bashir Mustafa R. , Ba-Ssalamah Ahmed 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Objective
Arterial-phase artifacts are gadoxetic acid (GA)–enhanced MRI’s major drawback, ranging from 5 to 39%. We evaluate the effect of dilution and slow injection of GA using automated fluoroscopic triggering on liver MRI arterial-phase (AP) acquisition timing, artifact frequency, and lesion visibility.

Methods and materials
Saline-diluted 1:1 GA was injected at 1 ml/s into 1413 patients for 3 T liver MRI. Initially, one senior abdominal radiologist, i.e., principal investigator (PI), assessed all MR exams and compared them to previous and follow-up images, as well as the radiology report on record, determining the standard of reference for lesion detection and characterization. Then, three other readers independently evaluated the AP images for artifact type (truncation (TA), transient severe motion (TSM) or mixed), artifact severity (on a 5-point scale), acquisition timing (on a 4-point scale) and visibility (on a 5-point scale) of hypervascular lesions ≥ 5 mm, selected by the PI. Artifact score ≥ 4 and artifact score ≤ 3 were considered significant and non-significant artifacts, respectively.

Results
Of the 1413 exams, diagnostic-quality arterial-phase images included 1100 (77.8%) without artifacts, 220 (15.6%) with minimal, and 77 (5.4%) with moderate artifacts. Only 16 exams (1.1%) had significant artifacts, 13 (0.9%) with severe artifacts (score 4), and three (0.2%) non-diagnostic artifacts (score 5). AP acquisition timing was optimal in 1369 (96.8%) exams. Of the 449 AP hypervascular lesions, 432 (96.2%) were detected.

Conclusion
Combined dilution and slow injection of GA with MR results in well-timed arterial-phase images in 96.8% and a reduction of exams with significant artifacts to 1.1%.

Clinical relevance statement
Hypervascular lesions, in particular HCC detection, hinge on arterial-phase hyperenhancement, making well-timed, artifact-free arterial-phase images a prerequisite for accurate diagnosis. Saline dilution 1:1, slow injection (1 ml/s), and automated bolus triggering reduce artifacts and optimize acquisition timing.

Key Points
• There was substantial agreement among the three readers regarding the presence and type of arterial-phase (AP) artifacts, acquisition timing, and lesion visibility.
• Impaired AP hypervascular lesion visibility occurred in 17 (3.8%) cases; in eight lesions due to mistiming and in nine lesions due to significant artifacts.
• When AP timing was suboptimal, it was too late in 40 exams (3%) and too early in 4 exams (0.2%) of exams.
Follow-up of vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy in a real-world setting
Authors: Borkowetz Angelika , Kwe Jeremy , Boehm Katharina , Baunacke Martin , Herout Roman , Lucke Marius , Burcea Adriana , Thomas Christian 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy (VTP) is an approved treatment option for unilateral low-risk prostate cancer (PCa).

Methods
Patients with unilateral low- or intermediate-risk PCa undergoing hemiablation by VTP were evaluated in a real-world setting. Oncological outcome after VTP was measured by MRI-based re-biopsy at 12 and 24 months. Functional outcome after 1 year was investigated by IIEF-5 and IPSS questionnaires. Progression was defined as the evidence3 of ISUP ≥ 2 PCa.

Results
At any control biopsy (n = 46) after VTP, only 37% of patients showed no evidence of PCa. Recurrence-free survival was 20 months (95% CI 4.9–45.5) and progression-free survival was 38.5 months (95% CI 33.5–43.6 months). In-field and out-field recurrent PCa occurs in 37% (55% ISUP ≥ 2 PCa) and 35% (56% ISUP ≥ 2 PCa). Seventy-nine percent of patients preserved erectile function, respectively. Ten percent of patients presented long-term bladder outlet obstruction. None of the patients presented incontinence.

Conclusion
Due to the high-recurrence in- and out-field recurrence rate in a mainly low-risk prostate cancer cohort, VTP has to be regarded critically as a therapy option in these patients. Pre-interventional diagnostic evaluation is the main issue before focal therapy to reduce the risk of tumor recurrence and progression.
Focal radiotherapy boost to MR-visible tumor for prostate cancer: a systematic review
Authors: Dornisch Anna M. , Zhong Allison Y. , Poon Darren M. C. , Tree Alison C. , Seibert Tyler M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The FLAME trial provides strong evidence that MR-guided external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) focal boost for localized prostate cancer increases biochemical disease-free survival (bDFS) without increasing toxicity. Yet, there are many barriers to implementation of focal boost. Our objectives are to systemically review clinical outcomes for MR-guided EBRT focal boost and to consider approaches to increase implementation of this technique.

Methods
We conducted literature searches in four databases according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guideline. We included prospective phase II/III trials of patients with localized prostate cancer underdoing definitive EBRT with MR-guided focal boost. The outcomes of interest were bDFS and acute/late gastrointestinal and genitourinary toxicity.

Results
Seven studies were included. All studies had a median follow-up of greater than 4 years. There were heterogeneities in fractionation, treatment planning, and delivery. Studies demonstrated effectiveness, feasibility, and tolerability of focal boost. Based on the Phoenix criteria for biochemical recurrence, the reported 5-year biochemical recurrence-free survival rates ranged 69.7–100% across included studies. All studies reported good safety profiles. The reported ranges of acute/late grade 3 + gastrointestinal toxicities were 0%/1–10%. The reported ranges of acute/late grade 3 + genitourinary toxicities were 0–13%/0–5.6%.

Conclusions
There is strong evidence that it is possible to improve oncologic outcomes without substantially increasing toxicity through MR-guided focal boost, at least in the setting of a 35-fraction radiotherapy regimen. Barriers to clinical practice implementation are addressable through additional investigation and new technologies.
Thulium fiber laser vs. holmium laser enucleation of the prostate: results of a prospective randomized non-inferiority trial
Authors: Kosiba Marina , Filzmayer Maximilian , Welte Maria N. , Hügenell Leonie , Keller Anna C. , Traumann Miriam I. , Müller Matthias J. , Kluth Luis A. , Mandel Philipp C. , Chun Felix K.-H. , Becker Andreas 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) represents the current standard procedure for size-independent surgical therapy of benign prostatic obstruction (BPO). With advent of the novel laser technology thulium fiber laser (TFL), we hypothesized that the functional outcome of TFL enucleation of the prostate (ThuFLEP) is non-inferior compared to HoLEP.

Methods
From October 2021 to October 2022, 150 patients with BPO were recruited for the prospective randomized trial in accordance with CONSORT. Stratified randomization into the arms ThuFLEP (n = 74) or HoLEP (n = 76) was carried out. The primary endpoint was non-inferior international prostate symptom score (IPSS) and quality of life (QoL) at three months after treatment. Secondary endpoints were rates of complications, peak flow, residual urine and operation times.

Results
Preoperative characteristics showed no significant differences. Overall IPSS and QoL improved from 21 to 8 and 4 to 1.5, respectively, after three months of follow-up. No statistically significant differences between ThuFLEP and HoLEP were observed regarding median postoperative IPSS (8.5 vs. 7, p > 0.9), QoL (1 vs. 2, p = 0.6), residual urine (48 vs. 30ml, p = 0.065) and peak flow (19 vs. 17ml/s, p > 0.9). Similarly, safety profile was comparable with no statistically significant differences regarding rate of major complications (5.3 vs. 5.4%, p = 0.5), laser hemostasis time (3 vs. 2min, p = 0.2), use of additive electric coagulation (74 vs. 87%, p = 0.06) or electric coagulation time (8 vs. 8min, p = 0.4).

Conclusions
In this prospective, randomized trial ThuFLEP showed non-inferior results compared to HoLEP in terms of functional outcomes measured by IPSS and QoL as primary endpoint.

Trial registration number
DRKS00032699 (18.09.2023, retrospectively registered).
The interdependence of social deliberation and judgment aggregation
Authors: Siebe Hendrik 
Published: January 2024

AbstractImagine that the judgments of some individuals on some issues are aggregated into collective judgments. Social deliberation about the issues prior to aggregation can lead to improved judgments, at both the individual and the collective level. In this paper I argue that the epistemic justification for a social deliberation design depends on the chosen judgment aggregation rule, and vice versa. This claim consists of two parts. First, the epistemic superiority of one deliberation design over another or over the absence of any deliberation depends on which procedure is subsequently used to aggregate individual judgments. Second, the epistemic superiority of one aggregation procedure over another depends on how the preceding social deliberation was designed. In short, the choice of deliberation design and of aggregation rule are intertwined. This claim is substantiated by two models. Both models display a tragic rise in competence: social deliberation raises individual competence while reducing collective competence. Here, individual and social epistemology come interestingly apart.
A familial missense variant in the Alzheimer’s disease gene SORL1 impairs its maturation and endosomal sorting
Authors: Fazeli Elnaz , Child Daniel D. , Bucks Stephanie A. , Stovarsky Miki , Edwards Gabrielle , Rose Shannon E. , Yu Chang-En , Latimer Caitlin , Kitago Yu , Bird Thomas , Jayadev Suman , Andersen Olav M. , Young Jessica E. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe SORL1 gene has recently emerged as a strong Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) risk gene. Over 500 different variants have been identified in the gene and the contribution of individual variants to AD development and progression is still largely unknown. Here, we describe a family consisting of 2 parents and 5 offspring. Both parents were affected with dementia and one had confirmed AD pathology with an age of onset > 75 years. All offspring were affected with AD with ages at onset ranging from 53 years to 74 years. DNA was available from the parent with confirmed AD and 5 offspring. We identified a coding variant, p.(Arg953Cys), in SORL1 in 5 of 6 individuals affected by AD. Notably, variant carriers had severe AD pathology, and the SORL1 variant segregated with TDP-43 pathology (LATE-NC). We further characterized this variant and show that this Arginine substitution occurs at a critical position in the YWTD-domain of the SORL1 translation product, SORL1. Functional studies further show that the p.R953C variant leads to retention of the SORL1 protein in the endoplasmic reticulum which leads to decreased maturation and shedding of the receptor and prevents its normal endosomal trafficking. Together, our analysis suggests that p.R953C is a pathogenic variant of SORL1 and sheds light on mechanisms of how missense SORL1 variants may lead to AD.
Temporal change of DNA methylation subclasses between matched newly diagnosed and recurrent glioblastoma
Authors: Drexler Richard , Khatri Robin , Schüller Ulrich , Eckhardt Alicia , Ryba Alice , Sauvigny Thomas , Dührsen Lasse , Mohme Malte , Ricklefs Tammo , Bode Helena , Hausmann Fabian , Huber Tobias B. , Bonn Stefan , Voß Hannah , Neumann Julia E. , Silverbush Dana , Hovestadt Volker , Suvà Mario L. , Lamszus Katrin , Gempt Jens , Westphal Manfred , Heiland Dieter H. , Hänzelmann Sonja , Ricklefs Franz L. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe longitudinal transition of phenotypes is pivotal in glioblastoma treatment resistance and DNA methylation emerged as an important tool for classifying glioblastoma phenotypes. We aimed to characterize DNA methylation subclass heterogeneity during progression and assess its clinical impact. Matched tissues from 47 glioblastoma patients were subjected to DNA methylation profiling, including CpG-site alterations, tissue and serum deconvolution, mass spectrometry, and immunoassay. Effects of clinical characteristics on temporal changes and outcomes were studied. Among 47 patients, 8 (17.0%) had non-matching classifications at recurrence. In the remaining 39 cases, 28.2% showed dominant DNA methylation subclass transitions, with 72.7% being a mesenchymal subclass. In general, glioblastomas with a subclass transition showed upregulated metabolic processes. Newly diagnosed glioblastomas with mesenchymal transition displayed increased stem cell-like states and decreased immune components at diagnosis and exhibited elevated immune signatures and cytokine levels in serum. In contrast, tissue of recurrent glioblastomas with mesenchymal transition showed increased immune components but decreased stem cell-like states. Survival analyses revealed comparable outcomes for patients with and without subclass transitions. This study demonstrates a temporal heterogeneity of DNA methylation subclasses in 28.2% of glioblastomas, not impacting patient survival. Changes in cell state composition associated with subclass transition may be crucial for recurrent glioblastoma targeted therapies.
Syndromic MEN1 parathyroid adenomas consist of both subclonal nodules and clonally independent tumors
Authors: Bräutigam Konstantin , Nesti Cédric , Riss Philipp , Scheuba Christian , Niederle Bruno , Grob Tobias , Di Domenico Annunziata , Neuenschwander Maja , Mazal Peter , Köhn Nastassja , Trepp Roman , Perren Aurel , Kaderli Reto M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPrimary hyperparathyroidism with parathyroid tumors is a typical manifestation of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 (MEN1) and is historically termed “primary hyperplasia”. Whether these tumors represent a multi-glandular clonal disease or hyperplasia has not been robustly proven so far. Loss of Menin protein expression is associated with inactivation of both alleles and a good surrogate for a MEN1 gene mutation. The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (CDKN1B) gene is mutated in MEN4 and encodes for protein p27 whose expression is poorly studied in the syndromic MEN1 setting.Here, we analyzed histomorphology and protein expression of Menin and p27 in parathyroid adenomas of 25 patients of two independent, well-characterized MEN1 cohorts. The pattern of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in one MEN1-associated parathyroid adenoma. Further, next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed on eleven nodules of four MEN1 patients.Morphologically, the majority of MEN1 adenomas consisted of multiple distinct nodules, in which Menin expression was mostly lost and p27 protein expression reduced. FISH analysis revealed that most nodules exhibited MEN1 loss, with or without the loss of centromere 11. NGS demonstrated both subclonal evolution and the existence of clonally unrelated tumors.Syndromic MEN1 parathyroid adenomas therefore consist of multiple clones with subclones, which supports the current concept of the novel WHO classification of parathyroid tumors (2022). p27 expression was lost in a large fraction of MEN1 parathyroids and must therefore be used with caution in suggesting MEN4.