bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contracting and Patterns of Nonprofit Governance
Authors: Saidel Judith R. , Harlan Sharon L. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractExecutive staff and board members in nonprofit organizations that operate with government grants and contracts often work together to perform important governance functions. This shared responsibility can be predicted by strong executive leadership of the board, a board with highly regarded members, and affiliation with an influential statewide or regional association. The results of our research suggest that the distribution of governance responsibility in nonprofit organizations with government revenues should command the attention of researchers and activists.
Reducing Funding Risk and Implementing a Fundraising Plan: A Case Study
Authors: Tyminski Robert 
Published: May 2004

AbstractSmall nonprofit organizations in the health care and human services fields can find themselves frozen into a dependence on government funding. They run the risk of constricting their management choices and neglecting other potential funding sources. Often a fundamental shift in attitude is necessary in order to deemphasize service‐based contracts and to transform private fundraising into a central activity of the business.
Popular Nonprofit Management Research Sources on CD‐ROM
Authors: Young Seth 
Published: May 2004

AbstractNonprofit World 1983–1996. Madison, Wis.: Learning Institute
for Nonprofit Organizations, 1997. $50 CD‐ROM.
FC Search: The Foundation Center's Database on CD‐ROM,
Version 2.0. New York: Foundation Center, 1997. $1,995 CD‐ROM
personal version.
Humanistic Leadership in the 1990s: Heart, Soul, and Head
Authors: Feeney Suzanne C. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe Leader of the Future: New Visions, Strategies, and Practices
for the Next Era, edited by Frances Hesselbein, Marshall
Goldsmith, and Richard Beckhard. San Francisco: Jossey‐
Bass, 1996. 319 pp., $25.00 cloth.
Leading with Soul: An Uncommon Journey of Spirit, by Lee G.
Bolman and Terrence E. Deal. San Francisco: Jossey‐Bass,
1995. 195 pp., $20.00 cloth.
Leading and Managing the Expressive Dimension: Harnessing
the Hidden Power Source of the Nonprofit Sector, by
David E. Mason. San Francisco: Jossey‐Bass, 1996. 323 pp.,
$29.95 cloth.
Nonprofit Organizational Effectiveness: Contrasts Between Especially Effective and Less Effective Organizations
Authors: Herman Robert D. , Renz David O. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractHow do key stakeholders of nonprofit organizations (NPOs) judge the effectiveness of their organization? Are the judgments of stakeholders similar, and how are board effectiveness and the use of practitioner‐identified correct management procedures related to judgments of effectiveness? This study focuses on a subset of especially effective and less effective NPOs from a larger sample and finds that the especially effective have more effective boards (as judged by various stakeholder groups), have boards with higher social prestige, use more practitioner‐identified correct management procedures, and use more change management strategies. Practical implications discussed include adopting more correct management procedures and change management strategies.
Business Leaders and Nonprofits
Authors: Austin James E. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractHow do nonprofits figure into the lives of business leaders? And how do business leaders figure into the lives of nonprofits? The intersections exist but there is relatively little systematic research to document empirically this piece of the nonprofit picture. This article aims to help fill that void by presenting research results regarding the who, when, where, why, how, and so what of the involvement of businesspeople in the nonprofit sector, particularly as board members.
An Organization Design Model for Nonprofits
Authors: Shoichet Richard 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThis article proposes that designers of nonprofit public service organizations must get outside a two‐dimensional paradigm of effectiveness and efficiency. The strength of the model is the integration of three parameters, showing how planning, productivity, and politics run through an organizational system and how these dimensions can be aligned for greater leverage. The model simplifies design and diagnosis, allowing managers to initiate change in an incremental and holistic way.
The Fuss About NGOs—Are They Worth It?
Authors: Montague Joel 
Published: May 2004

AbstractBeyond the Magic Bullet: NGO Performance and Accountability in the Post‐Cold War World, edited by Michael Edwards and David Hulme. West Hartford, Conn.: Kumarian Press, with Save the Children, 1996. 286 pp., $38.00 cloth, $18.95 paper.NGOs, States, and Donors: Too Close for Comfort? edited by David Hulme and Michael Edwards. New York: St. Martin's Press, with Save the Children, 1997. 300 pp., $59.95 cloth.Nongovernmental Organizations and Health in Developing Countries, by Andrew Green and Ann Matthias. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997. 225 pp., $59.95 cloth.
Accountability in Nonprofit Organizations
Authors: Greenlee Janet S. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractAccountability, Performance Reporting, Comprehensive Audit:
An Integrated Perspective, by Guy LeClerc, W. David Moynagh,
Jean‐Pierre Boisclair, and Hugh R. Hanson. Ottawa:
CCAF‐FCVI (Canadian Comprehensive Auditing Foundation‐
Fondation Canadienne pour la Verification Integral),
1996. 373 pp., $85.00 (Canadian, plus shipping) cloth.
Managing for Accountability: Preserving the Public Trust in
Public and Nonprofit Organizations, by Kevin P. Kearns. San
Francisco: Jossey‐Bass, 1996. 255 pp., $27.95 cloth.
Effective Ministerial Leadership
Authors: Butler D. Martin , Herman Robert D. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractMinisters of local congregations are in positions somewhat similar to the chief executives of other local nonprofit organizations, except that ministers are also expected to respond to the specifically religious needs of their congregants. In this article we assess how especially effective ministers in one denomination differ from less effective ministers in both general leadership skills and specifically religious leadership skills. The especially effective ministers were identified by applying three selection methods, resulting in an unusually careful selection of a sample of especially effective leaders. The results show that the especially effective are more skillful managers, problem solvers, planners, delegators, change agents, shepherds, inspirers, multitaskers, students, and servants and demonstrate themselves to be persons of integrity.
Requisite Variety of Strategic Management Modes: A Cultural Study of Strategic Actions in a Deterministic Environment
Authors: Maranville Steven J. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThis article presents the results of a qualitative study that examines the modes by which strategy emanates in a nonprofit human services organization, externally controlled by its funding sources. The strategy‐making process is broached by proposing a taxonomy of strategic modes arranged into the Hrebiniak and Joyce (1985) framework. In light of Ashby's law of requisite variety (1968), this study contends that the subject organization's context of environmental determinism should lead to a culturally based configuration of traditional, spontaneous, and dialectical modes. The results support the proposition for requisite variety. This research presents valuable implications for the study and practice of strategic management‐especially regarding strategic learning and change within externally controlled nonprofit organizations.
Using Suggested Contributions in Fundraising for Public Good
Authors: Marks Melanie B. , Schansberg D. Eric , Croson Rachel T.A. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThis article presents a provision point mechanism experiment designed to investigate the impact of suggested contributions in a public‐good contribution process. We find that suggesting contributions is ineffective if subjects value the public good equally. However, if valuations for the public good differ among individuals, as they do in the real world, we find that contribution suggestions increase the likelihood of providing the public good, increase the fraction of individuals contributing their suggested share, and improve the equity of the distribution of contributions.
The Perils of Practice
Authors: Brudney Jeffrey L. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractOn April 27‒29, 1997, Philadelphia hosted the first‐ever Presidents' Summit for America's Future, an historic meeting that brought unprecedented attention to volunteerism in service to the nation's young people. Based on the experience and careful analysis of a summit delegate, this article concludes that although the spotlight afforded volunteerism was helpful, the hard work to be done by the local delegations to accomplish the summit agenda is not likely to be as successful as organizers hope because of limitations in follow‐up mechanisms and in the capacity and expertise of nonprofit organizations to integrate and manage volunteers effectively.
Leaders' Attitudes and Computer Use in Religious Congregations
Authors: Berlinger Lisa R. , Te'eni Dov 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThis study explores the attitudes of leaders of religious congregations toward computers. We uncover attitudes toward information (and thus toward computers) that are different from those reported for leaders in other organizational contexts. In short, clergy felt that systematically collecting and storing information and trying to serve as many people as possible could distract them from what is distinctive about their jobs—that the job in a religious congregation is accomplished through personal rather than transactional relationships.
Achieving Growth and High Quality by Strategic Intent
Authors: Sheehan Jr. Rober M. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractCan nonprofits simultaneously pursue continuous rapid growth and maintain high‐quality delivery of services? This article is the story of the five‐year experience of one nonprofit that has attempted to apply the concept of “strategic intent” to its operations in pursuit of this question. The idea of continuous rapid growth seemingly dismisses the possibility of continued high quality. But in a day when expansion of quality services is needed in many segments of the nonprofit sector, the notion of the possibility of rapid growth in services with high quality is of great interest.
Four Books on Nonprofit Boards and Governance
Authors: Fletcher Kathleen 
Published: May 2004

AbstractGoverning Boards, by Cyril O. Houle. San Francisco: Jossey‐
Bass, 1997. 223 pp., $21.95 paper.
Boards That Make a Difference: A New Design for Leadership
in Nonprofit and Public Organizations, by John Carver. 2nd
ed. San Francisco: Jossey‐Bass, 1997, 241 pp., $28.95 cloth.
Perfect Nonprofit Boards: Myths, Paradoxes, and Paradigms,
by Stephen R. Block. Needham Heights, Mass.: Simon &
Schuster, 1998, 149 pp., $21.95 paper.
Nonprofit Boards: Roles, Responsibilities, and Performance, by
Diane J. Duca. New York: Wiley, 1996, 192 pp., $29.95 cloth.
The spirit of leadership and a commitment to quality transform SSM health care system
Authors: Ryan Sr. Mary Jean 
Published: May 2004

AbstractSSM Health Care has become something of an icon as the first health care organization to win the coveted Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award. The success of SSM's larger quest—to be the best it can possibly be—owes much to its continuous improvement framework, discipline, commitment, and process, and to the firm belief that every SSM employee has the capacity to lead. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Equality and diversity
Authors: Batstone David 
Published: May 2004

AbstractJournalist David Batstone here explores workplace balance, diversity, and equality—one of his principles for deciding whether an organization is as credible, trustworthy, and soluble as it seems. He profiles five companies and their successful approaches for building a balanced workforce, nurturing a tolerant culture, and reaching out to underrepresented groups in their customer and supplier bases. © 2003 David Batstone
Relationships between processing conditions and rheological behavior of polyethylenes
Authors: Kulichikhin V. , Borisenkova E. , Plotnikova E. , Vasil'ev G. , Kotomin S. , Merrick‐Mack J. , O'Reilly N. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe rheological properties of high‐density polyethylene melts were found to change drastically after treatment with oxygen or peroxide. Unusual features of the treated melts in shear flow (190°C) included (a) increase in length of time to reach steady state values of shear stress in start‐up experiments; (b) a non‐reproducibility of the low‐shear rate sections of the flow curves measured at increasing and decreasing shear rate; (c) an increase of viscosity at low shear rates compared to the neat sample. Under non‐stationary extensional flow (a regime of constant force) the treatment leads to a change in shape of the strain development with time, an increase of the apparent elongational viscosity, and an increase in time to break. At 150–170°C, the rheological behavior of the treated polyethylenes is completely identical to the corresponding behavior of the untreated. These results, together with data from IR‐spectroscopy and GPC suggest the following mechanism: The oxidation or peroxidation leads to reactive sites in the polymer chain that incorporate a few long branches during the initial contact with oxygen or peroxide. These reactive sites remain in the polymer after cooling/solidification and can become activated again upon heating to 190°C causing additional changes in molecular structure. Formation of the long‐chain branches results in an increased resistance of the melt to extensional deformation, and an improvement in processing behavior, as well as the quality of bottles produced by the blow‐molding process. Polym. Eng. Sci. 44:615–624, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Formation of a fibrillar morphology of crosslinked epoxy in a polystyrene continuous phase by reactive extrusion
Authors: Fenouillot Françoise , Perier‐Camby Hervé 
Published: May 2004

AbstractAn immiscible polymer blend where the dispersed phase is fibrillar was prepared by in situ crosslinking of the minor phase. A model polystyrene/epoxy‐amine blend was selected on the basis of rheological (achievement of the fibrillar structure) and reactivity (fast crosslinking) criteria. The system was a polystyrene/diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA)‐aminoethyl piperazine (AEP) blend. At the temperature of extrusion, 180°C, the DGEBA is immiscible in PS and heterogeneous material is obtained. The elongational flow imposed by drawing the extrudate at the die exit permitted controlled generation of a fibrillar morphology of the dispersed epoxy phase, with a fiber diameter of 1 μm and an aspect ratio greater than 100. It was shown that when the amine comonomer was injected into the extruder, its reactivity with DGEBA at high temperature was high enough to ensure partial crosslinking of the epoxy. The fibrils were formed even though the gel point of the epoxy phase was exceeded. However, above a certain critical insoluble fraction that we estimated to be between 45% and 70%, a coarsening of the structure appeared, caused by the decreasing deformability of the domains and their coalescence. Finally, for our system, the crosslinking of the dispersed phase up to 90% of insoluble fraction did not totally stabilize the morphology after the second processing step (injection molding). Polym. Eng. Sci. 44:625–637, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Interface evolution and penetration behavior during two‐component transfer molding. Part I: Modeling and formulation
Authors: Li C. T. , Isaye A. I. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractA theoretical study of pressure‐controlled sequential sandwich transfer molding of rubber compounds under isothermal conditions has been carried out to obtain a two‐layered sandwich structure. A physical model, numerical simulation procedure, and a numerical algorithm have been formulated based on the Hele‐Shaw approximation along with the kinematics and dynamics of interface evolution. Based on the developed numerical simulation code, the effect of various processing conditions on the material distribution and interface shape can be evaluated and predicted. Comparison with experiments is carried out in Part II of this study. Polym. Eng. Sci. 44:687–696, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Structure‐property relationship in polyaniline‐filled castor oil based chain extended polyurethanes
Authors: Swamy B. K. Kendaganna , Siddaramaiah  , Somashekarappa H. , Somashekar R. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractA series of polyaniline (Pani)‐filled chain extended polyurethanes (PUs) were prepared by condensation polymerization of castor oil with methylene diisocyanate (MDI) as crosslinker and diamino diphenyl sulfone (DDS) as chain extender. The effect of different amounts of Pani (varying from 5% to 25%) on the chain extended PUs has been reported. The Pani‐filled chain extended PU sheets were characterized by their physico‐mechanical properties such as density, tensile strength, percentage elongation at break and surface hardness. Electrical properties, such as volume and surface conductivity, also have been reported. These results are corroborated with microcrystalline parameters of PU/Pani estimated using wide angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS). Polym. Eng. Sci. 44:772–778, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Radical copolymerization of cyclic diarsine with vinyl monomers
Authors: Umeyama Tomokazu , Naka Kensuke , Chujo Yoshiki 
Published: May 2004

Abstract1,2,4,5‐Tetramethyltetrahydrodiarsenine (1), a cyclic diarsine compound, was stirred with styrene and a catalytic amount of 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as a radical initiator at 80 °C for 8 h in toluene to give a copolymer containing arsenic atoms in the backbone. The gel permeation chromatography (GPC) chromatogram of the copolymer showed a single peak. The number‐average molecular weight of the copolymer was estimated to be more than 10,000 by GPC analysis (CHCl3, polystyrene standards). The structure of the copolymer was confirmed by the 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra. According to the integral ratio of peaks in the 1H‐NMR spectrum, the content of 1 in the copolymer was smaller compared to the monomer feed ratio of 1. Radical copolymerization of 1 with methyl methacrylate also provided the corresponding copolymer in the presence of AIBN, whereas copolymerization with vinyl acetate yielded no polymeric material. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 3023–3028, 2004
New polyurethanes and polyesters for second‐order nonlinear optical applications
Authors: Casalboni M. , Caruso U. , De Maria A. , Fusco M. , Panunzi B. , Quatela A. , Roviello A. , Sarcinelli F. , Sirigu A. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractNew polymers for second‐order nonlinear optical (NLO) applications were synthesized and characterized. They were distinguished by the presence of chromophore groups, with various molecular hyperpolarizability values, used as pendants on substantially rigid backbones. The polymers were prepared through the reaction of tolylene‐2,4‐diisocyanate, or a suitable alkyloxyphthaloyl dichloride, with the N,N‐diethanol‐4‐(phenyl) group azo‐linked to a nitrofluorenone, nitrostilbene, nitrooxadiazole, or nitrothiadiazole moiety. The polymers exhibited good thermal stability, high glass‐transition temperatures, and an absence of crystallinity. The second‐order NLO properties of thin, transparent poled films, prepared by spin coating and thermal corona poling, were investigated for some of the polymers. The second harmonic coefficients, ranging between 18 and 25 pm/V, depended more on the alignment of the chromophore groups along the direction of the poling field than on their molecular hyperpolarizability. The temporal stability of the NLO properties of the polymers was also investigated. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 3013–3022, 2004
Synthesis and characterization of epoxidized polybutadiene/polyaniline graft conducting copolymer
Authors: De Risi F. R. , D'Ilario L. , Martinelli A. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractIn this article the synthesis and characterization of an elastomeric conducting material, obtained by grafting polyaniline (EB) on commercial cis‐1,4‐polybutadiene (PB), are described. PB was first partially epoxidized in chloroform solution using meta‐chloroperbenzoic acid (MCPBA). The conducting polymer was then grafted to the activated polybutadiene (EPB) via the aminolysis reaction between the polyaniline NH2 terminal groups and the oxirane rings. The material so obtained (EPBPAN) and the epoxidized intermediate product were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, Fourier transform infrared, and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, thermal and mechanical analysis, and electrical conductivity measurements. The effect of the sample deformation on conductivity also was analyzed. The HCl doping of the EPBPAN film induced crosslinking reactions, generated by the acid cleavage of unreacted oxirane groups. The electrical conductivity of the doped material reached values of about 10−5 Ω−1 cm−1. The key characteristics of our elastomeric conducting material are its simple synthesis, its starting as a commercial product, and the solubility of its undoped form in a common low‐boiling organic solvent like chloroform. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 3082–3090, 2004
Synthesis and characterization of hyperbranched poly(urea‐urethane)s based on AA* and B2B* monomers
Authors: Abdelrehim Mona , Komber Hartmut , Langenwalter Joseph , Voit Brigitte , Bruchmann Bernd 
Published: May 2004

AbstractHyperbranched aromatic and aliphatic poly(urea‐urethane)s were prepared by the one‐pot method using 2,4‐toluylene diisocyanate (TDI), isophorone diisocyanate, and 2(3‐isocyanatopropyl)cyclohexyl isocyanate as AA* monomers and diethanol amine and diisopropanol amine as B2B* monomers. The characteristics of the resulting polymers were very sensitive to slight changes in the reaction conditions, such as temperature, concentration, and type of catalyst used, as can be seen from the results of gel permeation chromatography and differential scanning calorimetry. The structures were analyzed in detail using 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. By using model compounds, the different isomeric structures of the TDI polymers were deduced, their percentages of their linear, terminal, and dendritic subunits were calculated, and their degree of branching (DB) was determined. DB values up to 70% were reached depending on the reaction conditions and stoichiometry of the monomers. The number of terminal groups decreased significantly when dibutylamine was used to stop the reaction instead of B2B*, indicating the presence of a significant number of unreacted isocyanate groups in the hyperbranched product when the polyaddition reaction was stopped. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 3062–3081, 2004
Zeolite‐supported metallocene catalyst for ethylene/1‐hexene copolymerization
Authors: Marques Maria De Fátima V. , Marinha Ana Beatriz A. S. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractCommercial zeolite acid mordenite was thermally treated for use as a support for bis(n‐butyl‐cyclopentadienyl)zirconium dichloride [(n‐BuCp)2ZrCl2] for the further evaluation of ethylene/1‐hexene copolymerization. The polymerization time, temperature, and solvent, as well as the addition of tri(isobutyl)aluminum in the hexane medium, were evaluated. The catalytic activity and 1‐hexene content in the copolymer synthesized with the supported system were very near those obtained with the homogeneous precursor. A comonomer effect was observed for both systems. The polymerization rate profiles were obtained for ethylene polymerization, and the activation energy and monomer reactivity were calculated. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 3038–3048, 2004