bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Neville Gwen Kennedy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Twin Threads of kinship and pilgrimage run deep in the fabric of Protestant culture. Kinship, on the one hand, is a concept calling on all the reverences for family membership, parent-child relationships, honoring thy father and mother, belonging to a group of relatives who help one another and love one another, belonging to a closely knit community. Pilgrimage, on the other hand, summarizes the process of leaving home to seek one’ s fortune that forms the complementary side of Anglo-American Protestant life. One must leave the warm, loving relationship of family and kin in order to fulfill the obligation of becoming an individual, acting out one’ s destiny, being actualized as a self. These notions of family membership versus individual identity, of belonging versus breaking loose to succeed alone, form powerful motifs in Western literature, art, and religious writing. In plays, in films, in television dramas, in serious psychoanalytic works and psychological studies, as well as in the popular psychological analyses of magazines and advice columnists, in social science studies of community, individual, and society-in all these one finds repeated the antithetical ideals of being a part of a family and being an individual alone. These powerful themes are also expressed in social form. One of the most visible outcroppings of the generally subterranean configuration is in the complex of gatherings in the Southern United States known as reunions.
Family Enshrined— The Family Reunion
Authors: Neville Gwen Kennedy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Every Summer thousands of Southerners attend gatherings of relatives known as family reunions. The reunion as a type of event is, in fact, known throughout the United States and in many areas of the world where the Scots and their descendants have migrated. The reunion is styled out of a symbolic inventory shared by other outdoor services of worship and of kinship affirmation, and to those who attend the reunion of all the descendants of a common ancestor it takes on the aura of a sacred event, hallowing the kin group and the living family through an intricate symbolic expression of Protestant culture. The Family Reunion Every year since the early 1930s on the third Sunday in July, the Worthy family has gathered under the trees at the old camp meeting ground in North Georgia known as Clear Creek. By Saturday morning relatives have already begun to arrive and to unpack to stay overnight with one of the families who live nearby or to stay over at the family “tent,” a rough cabin that stands with other family tents in a circle around the aging, open-sided arbor, the central building of the campgrounds.
Covenant Community— The Denominational Conference Center
Authors: Neville Gwen Kennedy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Those Who Attend family reunions, church and cemetery homecomings, and camp meetings in the summer fall into an overall pattern of gathering and dispersal that defines the Protestant community and the Protestant individual. By going one’ s separate way and yet returning periodically to affirm one’ s affiliation with a broader network of kin, friends, and congregation, the Protestant pilgrim fulfills his or her calling to be faithful. The symbolic center for the gathering of the faithful within each denomination is the denominational summer community or conference center, where all the themes of sacredness can come into play. One such pilgrim center is the community I have studied in depth, the conference center and cottage community of Presbyterians at Montreat, North Carolina.1
Symbols, Meanings, and Social Form
Authors: Neville Gwen Kennedy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The reunion in the rural setting calls on a number of powerful traditional Christian images to portray symbolically the meanings associated with family, home, and community and the contradictions of meanings, the irreconcilable paradoxes, within the religion-familial system of Protestant culture. The family gathered at the reunion has the same social shape and many aspects of the form of liturgy seen in the religious gathering of people for the church homecoming or camp meeting; often one finds the reunion is held at the campgrounds or outdoors around the covered tables near the graveyard of the rural church. The Biblical images of household of God and family of faith are invoked to sacralize the human family by linking it to the ongoing unit of the church; the image of the communion of the saints as a collected body of heavenly and earthly Christians is linked with the specific human ancestors of a family through honor of the old and of the dead and through the tie of reunions to ancient family homeplaces and cemeteries. Sharing common food invokes the image of Holy Communion-in this case consisting of food prepared by the women of each family in the fashion of an offering consumed by all in the sacramental setting of the common table.
Models and Instruments of Cultural Transmission / Change
Authors: Harrison Lawrence E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
How Does Culture Influence Behavior? How does culture change? What are the instruments or institutions through which cultural values, beliefs, and attitudes are transmitted from generation to generation? To what extent can these instruments and institutions be modified to nurture progressive cultural change? These are the questions addressed in this chapter.
I will first look at two models designed to explain cultural change and then review the instruments and institutions through which cultural values and attitudes are transmitted. The first of the two models of cultural change, which operates at the macro level, was presented at the March 2004 CMRP conference by political scientist Harvey Nelsen of the University of South Florida. The second, which operates at the micro level, is the work of Harvard sociologist Orlando Patterson, which appears in his chapter “Taking Culture Seriously” in Culture Matters.
Culture in Action I
Authors: Harrison Lawrence E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To Develop A Better Understanding of the complicated cause and effect interplay of cultural and other factors in the evolution of societies and the factors that bring about cultural change, we commissioned 27 case studies, most of them of countries but also of a region (Eastern Europe), a province (Quebec), a city (Novgorod, Russia), a Yoruba town in Nigeria, and an ethno-racial minority (African Americans). The essays summarized in this chapter appear in a companion book Developing Cultures: Case Studies, published by Routledge.
Culture in Action II
Authors: Harrison Lawrence E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Mariano Grondona, principal architect of the CMRP typology, is the author of the paper on Argentina. He discusses six political values related to democratic development: (1) tolerance; (2) the republican spirit; (3) law versus power; (4) the state above the government; (5) overcoming “cultural restriction”; and (6) the primacy of “vespertine” (“evening”) culture over “matutinal” (“morning”) culture.
(1) Tolerance. Grondona sees tolerance as the offspring of intolerance, in the sense that the consequences of intolerance, like murder or war, can be so grave that having experienced them, people are likely to shy away from a repetition. Post–Civil War Spain is a case in point (see section on Spain in this chapter). Tolerance is, in Grondona’s view, the precursor of pluralism.
Evangelical America at the Brink of Crisis
Authors: Marsden George M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1870 almost all American Protestants thought of America as a Christian nation. Although many Roman Catholics, sectarians, skeptics, and non Christians had other views of the matter, Protestant evangelicals considered their faith to be the normative American creed. Viewed from their dominant perspective, the nineteenth century had been marked by successive advances of evangelicalism, the American nation, and hence the kingdom of God. Although many saw some unmistakably ominous portents, few expected evangelical progress to cease.
D. L. Moody and a New American Evangelism
Authors: Marsden George M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“As he stood on the platform,” wrote the Reverend Lyman Abbott in praise of Dwight L. Moody, “he looked like a business man; he dressed like a business man; he took the meeting in hand as a business man would “ Abbot’s comment, written shortly before Moody’s death in 1899, points out some characteristics of Moody’s revivalism that since have sometimes been obscured. Moody’s evangelism had a degree of middle-class respectability about it that was not always present in American revivalism.
The Social Dimensions of Holiness
Authors: Marsden George M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Dispensationalist and Keswick teachings were two sides of the same movement; yet it is important to bear in mind that the movement had more than two sides. Arthur T. Pierson, prominent in both sub-movements, made this clear in Forward Movements of the Last Half Century, his end-of-century review of evangelical progress. Pierson gave special prominence to the holiness revival, especially of the Keswick variety, and ended with a brief account of premillennialism. But in between he devoted hundreds of pages to a wide variety of “philanthropic, missionary and spiritual movements” including rescue missions, city evangelization, orphanage work, student and young peoples’ movements, women’s work, Bible schools, missions of all kinds, evangelism among the specially needy, efforts for church unity, medical missions, “divine healing,” and increased prayer and spiritual life.
Presbyterians and the Truth
Authors: Marsden George M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Among Northern Presbyterians harmony seemed to occur only in brief interludes between controversies, and this was the case even during the relatively peaceful decades before the war. Two reasons in particular accounted for the difference between Presbyterians and Baptists. One was that the Presbyterians had developed organizational machinery for dealing with all differences through a series of ecclesiastical courts, the highest of which was the annual General Assembly. These courts, together with the perennial presence of a conservative party ready to prosecute doctrinal sins of either omission or commission, reduced the chances that Presbyterians would let theological differences coexist, or sleeping dogmas lie.
The Offensive Stalled and Breaking Apart: 1924-1925
Authors: Marsden George M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although the liberals now conceded that the issue of fundamentalism versus modernism was a most serious one, they were a long way from conceding defeat. During 1924 both press and public were eager for any contribution to the ongoing spectacle of clergymen at each other’s throats. H. L. Mencken suggested building special stadia for these entertainments. In the spring of 1924 in New York City Charles Francis Potter, a Unitarian, debated John Roach Straton in a highly publicized series that added plausibility to such popular characterizations of the disputes. Certainly the liberals were not willing to let the fundamentalist charges go uncontested, and in 1924 a striking number of liberal spokesmen brought out strong defenses of their views.
Integrative Body–Mind–Spirit Social Work
Authors: Lee Mo Yee , Ng Siu-Man , Leung Pamela Pui Yu , Chan Cecilia Lai Wan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In recent years, interest in non-Western curative techniques among Americans has grown by leaps and bounds. Integrative Body-Mind-Spirit Social Work is the first book to strongly connect Western therapeutic techniques with Eastern philosophy and practices, while also providing a comprehensive and pragmatic agenda for social work, and mental health professionals. This breakthrough text, written by a cast of highly regarded researchers from both Asia and America, presents a holistic, therapeutic approach that ties Eastern philosophy and practical techniques to Western forms of therapy in order to help bring about positive, transformative changes in individuals and families. Integrative therapy focuses on the mind-body-spirit relationship, recognizes spirituality as a fundamental domain of human existence, acknowledges and utilizes the mind's power as well as the body's, and reaches beyond self-actualization or symptom reduction to broaden a perception of self that connects individuals to a larger sense of themselves and to their communities. Here, the authors provide a pragmatic, step-by-step description of assessment and treatment techniques that employ an integrative, holistic perspective. They begin by establishing the conceptual framework of integrative body-mind-spirit social work, then expertly describe, step-by-step, assessment and treatment techniques that utilize integrative and holistic perspectives. Several case studies demonstrate the approach in action, such as one with breast cancer patients who participated in body-mind-spirit and social support groups and another in which trauma survivors used meditation to get onto a path of healing. These examples provide solid empirical evidence that integrative body-mind-spirit social work is indeed a practical therapeutic approach in bringing about tangible changes in clients. The authors also discuss ethical issues and give tips for learning integrative body-mind-spirit social work. Professionals in social work, psychology, counseling, and nursing, as well as graduate students in courses on integral, alternative, or complementary clinical practice will find this a much-needed resource that complements the growing interest in alternatives to traditional Western psychotherapy.
The Philosophical Underpinnings of Integrative Body–Mind–Spirit Social Work: Holistic Wellness and the Beauty of Harmony
Authors: Lee Mo Yee , Ng Siu-Man , Leung Pamela Pui Yu , Chan Cecilia Lai Wan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Integrative Body–Mind–Spirit Social Work attempts to expand beyond existing social work practice models and integrate a more holistic orientation based on Eastern philosophies and therapeutic techniques in order to create effective, positive, and transformative changes in individuals and families. A core philosophical position undertaken by Integrative Social Work is its holistic orientation, which emphasizes the body–mind–spirit connection with the larger environment. The emphasis is on a “both-and” perspective that views the client as a whole person with strengths and resources.
Nurturing the Body for Balance and Tranquility
Authors: Lee Mo Yee , Ng Siu-Man , Leung Pamela Pui Yu , Chan Cecilia Lai Wan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Psychosomatization and somatization are concepts widely used by mental health practitioners (Gelder et al., 1996; Goldberg, Benjamin, & Creed, 1994). The core idea is that somatic problems are psychogenic, and therefore, the focus of intervention should be psychosocial or behavioral. The importance of the “felt body” is grossly undermined. There is a belief that attending to somatic problems will diffuse the effectiveness of psycho-behavioral interventions. Excessive and unnecessary examination and treatment of somatic discomforts can be a maintaining factor because of the possible secondary gains for the client.
Ethics and Integrative Body–Mind–Spirit Social Work
Authors: Lee Mo Yee , Ng Siu-Man , Leung Pamela Pui Yu , Chan Cecilia Lai Wan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Integrative Body–Mind–Spirit Social Work combines Western and Eastern philosophies and practices to help develop effective and competent social work practices; such an approach embraces a holistic approach to treatment and focuses on the body–mind–spirit connection. Although the social work profession has begun to embrace and celebrate a holistic approach to social work practice in recent years, issues concerning ethical practice have been raised regarding respect for spiritual diversity and clients’ self-determination (Canda, Nakashima, & Furman, 2004; Cnaan, Wineburg, & Boddie, 1999; Hodge, 2003). In addition, there are ethical issues pertaining to using treatment techniques involving body process work that will need to be thoughtfully considered. Besides addressing boundary issues between clients and social work professionals, we have to attend to boundary issues between social work practice and other disciplines, such as the fields of medicine, healthcare practice, and physiotherapy.
Learning Integrative Body–Mind–Spirit Social Work
Authors: Lee Mo Yee , Ng Siu-Man , Leung Pamela Pui Yu , Chan Cecilia Lai Wan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Learning Integrative Body-Mind-Spirit Social Work requires interested professionals to acquire skills and knowledge relevant to a holistic approach that incorporates body, mind, and spirit in social work practice. We believe that there are some prerequisite skills and knowledge that professionals should possess prior to learning this approach. In addition, integrating holistic techniques into social work treatment involves revisiting values in addition to learning a new set of knowledge and skills. This chapter systematically describes the essence of each component and provides useful information and thinking pertaining to acquiring these skills. Integrative Body-Mind-Spirit Social Work believes in the strengths and inherent potential of individuals. Consistent with such a stance, we focus on how social work professionals can utilize, build, and expand upon their existing expertise and strengths to further develop a creative and beneficial therapeutic repertoire.
Laughing Fit To Kill
Authors: Carpio Glenda R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Modern black humour represents a rich history of radical innovation stretching back to the antebellum period. Laughing Fit to Kill reveals how black writers, artists, and comedians have used humour across two centuries as a uniquely powerful response to forced migration and enslavement. Glenda Carpio traces how, through various modes of “conjuring,” through gothic, grotesque and absurdist slapstick, through stinging satire, hyperbole, and burlesque, and through the strategic expression of racial stereotype itself, black humourists of all sorts have enacted “rituals of redress.” In highlighting the tradition and tropes of black humourists, Carpio illuminates the reach of slavery’s long arm into our contemporary popular culture. She convincingly demonstrates the ways that, for instance, Richard Pryor and Dave Chappelle’s modes of post-Civil Rights tragicomedy are deeply indebted to that of William Wells Brown and Charles Chesnutt’s 19th-century comedic conjuring. Likewise, she reveals how contemporary iconoclasts such as Ishmael Reed and Suzan-Lori Parks owe much to the intricate satiric grammar of black linguistic expression rooted in slavery. Carpio also demonstrates how Robert Colescott’s 1970s paintings and Kara Walker’s silhouette installations use a visual vocabulary to extend comedy in a visual register. The jokes in this tradition are bawdy, brutal, horrific and insurgent, and they have yet to be fully understood. Laughing Fit to Kill provides a new critical lexicon for understanding the jabbing punch-lines that have followed slavery’s long legacy.
What is Evidence-Based Practice?
Authors: Thyer Bruce A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Evidence-based practice (EBP) is receiving considerable attention within the general field of human services and within the disciplinary literatures of specific professions, such as medicine, psychiatry, psychology, social work, marital and family therapy, chiropractic, and nursing, among others. Although it may be premature to label this movement a revolution, it is evident that something serious is afoot, as well as something compellingly different from precursor initiatives.
Implementation of Practice Guidelines and Evidence-Based Treatment A Survey of Psychiatrists, Psychologists, and Social Workers
Authors: Mullen Edward J , Bacon William 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Evidence-based practice and the associated use of practice guidelines have become important emphases in recent years within social work, psychology, and psychiatry (e.g., Gibbs, 2003; Weissman & Sanderson, 2001). These emphases stress practitioner use of methods that have been empirically demonstrated to be effective. This movement within the human service professions is a reaction to the widespread use of methods that have not been empirically tested, as well as the variability in practice of methods used.
Facilitating Practitioner Use of Evidence-Based Practice
Authors: Mullen Edward J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses ways to support social work practitioners in their attempts to use evidence-based practice to assess, intervene with, and better understand clients. Although social work practitioners report little use of evidence-based practices, many express a desire to use methods that are considered to be valid (Drake et al., 2001; Mullen & Bacon, 2000, 2003; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1999). There is an emerging literature addressing implementation of evidence-based practices in organizations, but little attention has been given to how individual practitioners can be helped to use evidence-based practice (Addis & Krasnow, 2000; Torrey et al., 2001). While implementation strategies that seek system change by focusing on specific service delivery systems or organizations are important, there are limitations to such efforts. The sheer number of organizations defies any attempt to change them one by one. Also, many practitioners provide services outside such organizational settings, such as in private practice. Accordingly, in addition to implementation strategies directed at service systems and organizations, attention needs to be paid to how practitioners themselves can be helped to implement evidence-based practices. This is the focus of this chapter. This chapter describes evidence-based practice, approaches to dissemination and implementation of best practices that can be of benefit to practitioners, organizational and environmental supports needed for practitioners to function as evidence-based practitioners, and suggestions for training social work practitioners in evidence-based practice.
Breaking Robert’s Rules
Authors: Susskind Lawrence E , Cruikshank Jeffrey L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Every day in communities across America hundreds of committees, boards, church groups, and social clubs hold meetings where they spend their time engaged in shouting matches and acrimonious debate. Whether they are aware of it or not, the procedures that most such groups rely on to reach decisions were first laid out as Robert's Rules more than 150 years ago by an officer in the U.S. Army's Corps of Engineers. Its arcane rituals of parliamentary procedure and majority rule usually produce a victorious majority and a very dissatisfied minority that expects to raise its concerns, again, at the next possible meeting. Breaking Robert's Rules clearly spells out how any group can work together effectively. After briefly explaining the problems created by Robert's Rules, the guide outlines the five key steps toward consensus building, and addresses the specific problems that often get in the way of a group's progress. Appendices include a basic one page "Handy Guide" that can be distributed at meetings and a case study demonstrating how the ideas presented in the book can also be applied in a corporate context. Written in a non-technical and engaging style, and containing clear ideas and instructions that anyone can understand and use, this one-of-a-kind guide will prove an essential tool for any group desperate to find ways of making their meetings more effective. In addition, neighborhood associations, ad hoc committees, social clubs, and other informal groups lacking a clear hierarchy will find solid advice on how to move forward without resorting to "majority rules" or bickering over who will take leadership positions. Bound to become a classic, Breaking Robert's Rules will change the way you hold meetings forever, paving the way for efficiency, efficacy, and peaceful decision making.