bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synchrotron radiation microprobe analysis of human dental calculi from an archaeological site: A new possible perspective in palaeonutrition studies
Authors: Capasso L. , di Tota G. , Jones K. W. , Tuniz C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe X‐ray microprobe at beamline X‐26 of the National Synchrotron Light Source (Brookhaven National Laboratory) has been used to determine minor and trace elements in small fragments of dental calculus. This material was removed from 11 individuals found in the Norman necropolis discovered recently under the church of San Lorenzo di Aversa (Caserta, southern Italy, ca. AD 900–1200). The aim of these experiments is to develop new methods for non‐destructive analysis of organic archaeological materials in studies of palaeonutrition and palaeopathology. These preliminary analyses show little variability in the main trace elements of dietary significance, such as Sr and Zn.
The occurrence and implications of post‐mortem ‘pink teeth’ in forensic and archaeological cases
Authors: Dye T. J. , Lucy D. , Pollard A. M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractOn sectioning six of eight externally well‐preserved teeth taken from four skeletons from Medieval Chichester they displayed a superficial similarity to teeth described in the forensic literature as ‘pink teeth’. This article reviews the occurrence of ‘pink teeth’ in forensic specimens and describes the teeth from Chichester using a variety of analytical techniques. We conclude that, despite the similarities, the pink coloration in the archaeological specimens has a different cause from the forensic samples, and that in archaeological contexts the pinkness is probably related to post‐mortem change brought about by saprophytic fungi. However, the exact cause of the coloration remains unexplained. We discuss briefly the implications of this observation for dental ageing techniques and other studies of archaeological teeth.
A multiple myeloma of the late middle ages from unterregenbach, southwestern Germany
Authors: Haidle Miriam Noël 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn the early 1960s the grave of a probable donor was discovered in the St Veit church in Unterregenbach, Stadt Langenburg, Kreis Crailsheim, southwestern Germany. After a re‐examination, the skeleton may be regarded as clearly corresponding to the typical clinical picture of a multiple myeloma/plasma cell myeloma. The 45–55‐year‐old female individual shows all the characteristics of a malignant plasma cell tumour, with specific osteolytic lesions of the skull, vertebrae, ribs, pelvis, scapulae and long bones, and even‐sized single defects without reactive zones on the edges. Several pathological fractures of the ribs and a vertebral compression fracture can be observed. The gnawing‐mark‐like features on the inner surface of the compact bone and the ‘punched‐out’ lesions on the outer are distinguishing marks of a multiple myeloma.
Dental morphological evidence for biological continuity between the A‐group and C‐group periods in lower Nubia
Authors: Johnson Andrew L. , Lovell Nancy C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractData are presented on non‐metric dental morphological traits in skeletal samples from the Lower Nubian A‐Group (ca. 3100–2500 BC) and C‐Group (ca. 2000–1500 BC) cultural periods. In order to examine possible biological differentiation between these two periods, their trait frequencies were analysed using the mean measure of divergence statistic. Results indicate biological continuity, consistent with in situ evolution, although the problem of small samples requires that these results be accepted with caution. Although the diffusion of ideas or material culture into the area through military and trade contacts is likely, any archaeologically observable cultural differences between these two phases are more consistent with local cultural evolution than with the importation of a new cultural system through the migration of a foreign population into the area. The timing of a population replacement in ancient Nubia that has been identified by other scholars should now be sought either before the A‐Group period or after the C‐Group.
On the antiquity of leprosy in western Micronesia
Authors: Trembly Diane L. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe presence of leprosy in China is documented to 190 BC, and possibly earlier.; It is believed to have spread from China to Japan. Its presence in Oceania has heretofore been documented only since the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries AD, and has been attributed to migration of people from China into the Pacific subsequent to western contact and trans‐Pacific trade.In the osteological analysis of 700 skeletons from pre‐Spanish archaeological contexts on the islands of Guam and Saipan in western Micronesia, at least six cases of leprosy have been discovered. Radiocarbon dating places two of these in the thirteenth to fifteenth centuries AD, one in the eleventh to thirteenth centuries, and one in the seventh to eleventh centuries. This clearly indicates that the introduction of leprosy pre‐dates western contact and suggests possible contact with, or immigration from, China or Japan.
Morphological study of 391 cases of exocrine pancreatic tumours with special reference to the classification of exocrine pancreatic carcinoma
Authors: Chen Jie , Baithun Suhail I. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThree hundred and ninety‐one cases of primary pancreatic tumours, excluding endocrine tumours, were studied histologically. Carcinoma of the exocrine pancreas formed the largest group (98·5 per cent), benign tumours (1·25 per cent) and other malignant tumours (0·25 per cent) formed the remainder. Ductal adenocarcinoma was the commonest type and was divided into four sub‐types, papillary, well, moderately and poorly differentiated duct adenocarcinoma. The moderately and poorly differentiated tumours were the commonest types. Papillary carcinoma was separated from the well differentiated tumours by its different morphological appearances and was found to exhibit different behaviour. Other special morphological types of pancreatic carcinoma, pleomorphic, mucinous, adenosquamous, acinar, microadenocarcinoma, cystadenocarcinoma and oncocytic carcinoma were also represented. Benign microcystadenomata (four cases) were considered because of their interesting morphological features and their significance in the differential diagnosis of carcinoma. Based on the morphology and behaviour of these 391 tumours, the classification of pancreatic carcinoma is discussed and some rare types are compared with previously reported cases and discussed.
Salivary gland tumours. A review of 2410 cases with particular reference to histological types, site, age and sex distribution
Authors: Eveson J. W. , Cawson R. A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTo date the British Salivary Gland Tumour Panel has accumulated 2569 salivary gland tumours. Of these, 2410 were primary epithelial salivary gland tumours and these formed the basis of the present study. The diagnosis of individual tumours was based on the World Health Organisation classification. Tumours were analysed according to histological type, site, age and sex. The principal site was the parotid and the combined minor (oropharyngeal) glands formed the second largest group. Pleomorphic adenomas formed the largest group of tumours in most sites, but were particularly common in the parotid. The frequency of malignant tumours increased with age after the third decade and was maximal in the eighth decade. Malignant tumours were more common in the submandibular and the minor glands than in the parotid. In the sublingual gland six out of seven tumours were malignant.
Histogenesis of pancreatic carcinomas: A study based on 248 cases
Authors: Chen Jie , Baithun Suhail I. , Ramsay Mary A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPrimary pancreatic carcinomas were studied histologically and histochemically, to assess the frequency of ductal hyperplasia in tissue adjacent to malignant neoplasms. Hyperplasia was divided into four types: simple, papillary, atypical and ductular, affecting large, medium and small ducts (ductules). All types of hyperplasia were frequently seen in areas adjacent to carcinomas, including ductal, pleomorphic, mucinous, adenosquamous, small and spindle cell and cystadenocarcinomas. In contrast, acinar cell carcinoma and microadenocarcinoma were less frequently associated with ductal hyperplasia. Mucin histochemistry revealed differences in types of mucin between the normal ducts and hyperplastic pancreatic ducts and carcinomas. The former group contained small amounts of sulphated mucin while the latter showed a marked increase in neutral and sialomucins. Our study also suggests that both papillary and atypical hyperplasia are precancerous lesions, supporting an hypothesis of ductal origin of pancreatic carcinomas.
Quantitation of the axillary lymphoid tissue in women without cancer
Authors: Hartveit F. , Samsonsen G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe number and distribution of nodes in the axilla of non‐cancer autopsy patients was similar in women over and under 75 years of age, but the total area of nodal tissue was greater in the latter, suggesting a possible decrease in immune reactivity with age. Fewer nodes were found than have been reported in breast cancer patients examined by the same method. This is probably due to increase in size of sub‐macroscopic nodelets on stimulation.
The distribution of cells of the monocytic‐lineage in reactive lymph nodes and non‐Hodgkin's lymphomata. Characterization using protein histochemistry, lectin binding and monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Freemont A. J. , Matthews S. , Stoddart R. W. , Jones C. J. P. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn this study cells of putative monocytic origin have been investigated in lymph nodes, using a battery of cytochemical investigations on fixed and frozen tissue. In reactive lymph nodes and nodes involved in non‐Hodgkin's lymphomata six types of presumed monocyte‐derived cells have been identified on the basis of morphology and/or cytochemistry. These cells can be divided into two distinct groups. Certain cell types have distinctive distributions in reactive and non‐Hodgkin's lymphomata and this taken in conjunction with their morphology and staining properties may give important clues to their function.
Non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma arising in adenolymphoma—a report of two cases
Authors: Banik S. , Howell J. S. , Wright D. H. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTwo cases of follicle centre cell lymphoma, apparently arising within adenolymphomas of the parotid gland, are reported. These are discussed in relation to the histogenesis of adenolymphoma and their possible relationship to mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue.
Local shwartzman reaction in the rectal mucosa in acute diarrhoea
Authors: Mathan Minnie M. , Mathan V. I. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA microvascular lesion characterized by endothelial and platelet damage leading to intravascular coagulation, thrombosis and vascular dehiscence with haemorrhage was found in capillaries and venules in the rectal mucosal lamina propria of adults with acute diarrhoea. The lesion morphologically resembled the local Shwartzman reaction. There was no correlation between the prevalence of the vascular lesion and the presence of recognized enteric pathogens, but there was a significant correlation with the clinical severity of the illness. It is suggested that this vascular lesion could be the result of the failure of the epithelioluminal barrier in the colon and it may also be one of the determinants of the clinical severity of illness in adults with acute diarrhoea.
Identification of macrophages and smooth muscle cells in human atherosclerosis using monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Aqel N. M. , Ball R. Y. , Waldmann H. , Mitchinson M. J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSections of human atherosclerotic plaques were stained by the indirect immunoperoxidase technique using three rat anti‐human monoclonal antibodies: YAML 501·4 anti‐leukocyte‐common' (T200) antigen; YTH 8·18 (anti‐macrophage cytoplasm); and YPC 1/3·12 (anti‐smooth muscle cell). The cells of diffuse intimal thickening were almost all smooth muscle cells but there were rare subendothelial macrophages. Focal lesions, in contrast, contained numerous macrophages as well as smooth muscle cells. Macrophage ‘foam cells’ were particularly numerous in fatty streaks and in advanced fibro‐fatty plaques, but were less conspicuous in focal fibro‐elastic lesions. The results confirm that macrophages are an important component of atherosclerotic plaques and suggest that they may have a significant role in atherogenesis in man.
Epithelial cells of the normal human breast
Authors: Smith Caroline A. , Monaghan Paul , Ellis John 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA comparison has been made of the effects of different fixation protocols upon the ultrastructure of normal human breast. Pale (B) and dark (A) epithelial cells as described by previous authors are present in tissue fixed with hyperosmotic Karnovsky‐type fixatives, but not where the primary fixative is isosmotic glutaraldehyde. The observed subpopulations of pale and dark epithelial cells have been directly compared with sub‐groups of epithelial cells recognized by the monoclonal antibody LICR‐LON‐M8. The pale and dark cells bear no relation to the subpopulations of epithelial cells depicted by LICR‐LON‐M8.
Microwave irradiation as a form of fixation for light and electron microscopy
Authors: Leong Anthony S.‐Y. , Daymon Mark E. , Milios James 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMicrowave irradition was used to fix a wide range of surgical and autopsy specimens as well as tissue from freshly killed rats. Although there appeared to be varying optimum temperatures of fixation for different tissues, from a practical standpoint, the heating to 58°C of tissues submerged in normal saline resulted in fixation of a quality comparable with that produced by conventional fixation to 10 per cent formalin. Microwave irradiation applied to tissues which had up to 1 h prior immersion in 10 per cent formalin also produced excellent preservation of cytomorphology, the time required for microwave fixation being no more than 150 s. This form of rapid heat fixation had no deleterious effects on special stains, sectioned as well as control fixed blocks and produced less shrinkage artefact than conventional formalin fixation. Immunocytochemical staining for more stable cytoplasmic antigens revealed no significant difference between microwave fixation compared with formalin fixation. The more labile membrane associated antigens of lymphocytes, however, were not preserved by either method of fixation. Microwave fixation was also found to be applicable to electron microscopy. Tissue samples immersed in 2.5 per cent glutaraldehyde and fixed in 90 s by irradiation to 50°C showed excellent preservation of ultrastructural morphology.
Quantitative and ultrastructural study of Leydig cells in klinefelter's syndrome
Authors: Nistal M. , Santamaria L. , Paniagua R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis ultrastructural and quantitative study of Leydig cells in Klinefelter's syndrome has been performed using the entire testes obtained from four autopsies plus testicular biopsies from 20 patients. The total Leydig cell volume per testis in Klinefelter's syndrome was similar to that of control testes. However, the total number of Leydig cells per testis was significantly lower in the patients with Klinefelter's syndrome than in the controls. This may be attributed to the Leydig cell hypertrophy that these patients underwent. In patients with Klinefelter's syndrome the average volume of each Leydig cell was significantly higher than that of the controls. Electron microscopic findings revealed that besides ultrastructurally normal Leydig cells there were three other morphologically abnormal Leydig cell types: abnormally differentiated cells; multivacuolated cells; and immature Leydig cells. The ultrastructurally normal Leydig cells were probably the cells principally responsible for testosterone biosynthesis in these patients, whereas the other Leydig cell types were probably barely or not at all functional. The hypertrophy showed by the ultrastructurally normal Leydig cells may be interpreted as an attempt to increase testosterone production.
Immunohistochemical staining of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma with monoclonal antibodies specific for the leucocyte common antigen
Authors: Salter Donald M. , Krajewski Andrew S. , Dewar A. Edna 
Published: June 2005

AbstractForty cases of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) have been stained with monoclonal antibodies (F8–11–13, F‐10–89‐4 and Dako LC) to the Leucocyte Common Antigen (LC) in both cryostat and paraffin sections with an immunoperoxidase technique. In cryostat sections all B‐cell lymphomas (25/25) reacted with F10–89‐4 and Dako LC, whilst the majority (23/25) stained with F8–11–13; of the T‐cell lymphomas studied, all reacted with F10–89‐4 (6/6) and Dako LC (4/4), however 2/6 did not react with F8–11–13. Similar variability in reaction was observed in malignant histiocytosis where 1/3 did not react with F8–11–13 whilst all three reacted with F10–89‐4 and Dako LC. In paraffin sections (using the two MCabs F8–11–13 and Dako LC) three of the 25 B‐cell lymphomas failed to stain with either F8–11–13 or Dako LC (one lymphocytic lymphoma and two lymphomas showing plasmacytic differentiation). The remainder of the B‐cell lymphomas reacted with both antibodies. Six out of 12 T‐cell lymphomas did not stain with either F8–11–13 or Dako LC, using our standard immunoperoxidase procedure. Staining with Dako LC was however detected in all cases of T‐cell lymphoma when incubation with primary antibody was extended from thirty minutes (standard) to overnight. This study confirmed that LC can be detected in all NHL in cryostat sections, and that in the majority of B‐cell NHL the higher molecular weight component of LC was demonstrable using F8–11–13. Difficulty in detecting LC determinants after tissue processing for paraffin sections in a number of cases of NHL, especially those of T‐cell type or showing plasmacytic differentiation, suggests that lack of reaction with these antibodies does not always preclude the diagnosis of lymphoma.
Functional and morphological changes in post‐capillary venules in relation to lymphocytic infiltration into BCG‐induced granulomata in rat skin
Authors: Freemont Anthony J. , Ford William L. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractVessels identical to iymph node high endothelial venules (HEV) have been described in sites of non‐lymphoid tissue lymphocyte accumulation. In this study the function of these (HEV‐like) vessels has been investigated in BCG‐induced skin lesions in the rat. By following the traffic of radiolabelled lymphocytes from the blood into the lesions the HEV‐like vessels have been shown to be the preferred site of migration. The complicated development of the vessels has been studied and an hypothesis advanced to explain their inter‐relationship with tissue and circulating lymphocytes.
Renal tubular epithelia ultrastructure in autolysis
Authors: El‐Shennawy I. E. , Gee D. J. , Aparicio S. R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPost‐mortem changes in the proximal and distal tubules of rat kidneys left in situ have been studied at the light microscope and ultrastructural levels. The distal tubular nuclei showed distinct changes which were completely different from the usual nuclear appearances after death and resemble the changes seen in apoptosis. These observations suggest that the unusual changes in the autolytic distal tubular nuclei may be due to the activation of endogenous endonucleases.
Radial scars of benign and malignant breasts: Comparative features and significance
Authors: Anderson T. J. , Battersby S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFrom a study of tissue from 34 cancerous breasts and 34 benign breasts the nature and occurrence of radial scars has been assessed. The frequency of detection was influenced more by the amount of tissue assessed and by the diligence of search than by any association with cancer. Bilaterality and multifocality were features in cancerous and benign breasts and a similar range of scar histological appearance was apparent in both types. The histological features of 103 radial scars were tabulated to compare the association of characteristics within individual scars, and the information used to formulate modes of development and progression. The ‘early’ stage appeared to correlate with central chronic inflammatory response, many spindle cells and minor fibroelastotic distortion of parenchyma; the ‘late’ stage showed few spindle cells and dominant fibroclastosis with considerable distortion and separation of parenchymal elements. No support was found for the concept that the lesion is premalignant. Rather it belongs to the spectrum of sclerosing alterations affecting the breast parenchyma which ranges from physiological through to clearly pathological changes. Position in the spectrum depends upon the extent and degree of change.
Myofibroblast activity of radial scars
Authors: Battersby S. , Anderson T. J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractRadial scars from 38 cases, comprising 12 associated with cancer and 26 with benign lesions, have been examined by electron microscopy. One‐third of the lesions, regarded as being at an early stage of development, showed abundant spindle cells, which displayed the ultrastructural characteristics of myofibroblasts. These included many profiles of endoplasmic reticulum, prominent myofilaments and a close association with collagen and elastic fibres. The remaining ‘mature’ radial scars showed relatively few myofibroblasts, sparsely distributed in the stroma. The stromal cells associated with the ‘early’ lesions were seen in close proximity to degenerating parenchymal struclures, which frequently showed loss of basal lamina. Obliteration of the central parenchymal component appeared to be a prominent feature of radial scar formation. The ultrastructural appearances are consistent with a progressive development of the lesion, associated with sporadic myofibroblast activity.
Synovial sarcoma: An immunohistochemical study
Authors: Salisbury J. R. , Isaacson P. G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe immunohistochemical staining pattern of 18 cases of synovial sarcoma with two epithelial‐specific monoclonal antibodies is described. This is compared with normal synovium, cases of giant cell tumour of tendon sheath (benign synovioma) and a variety of spindle celled sarcomas. Sixteen cases of synovial sarcoma showed staining of the epithelial component with at least one antibody. No staining was seen in normal synovium or in giant cell tumours of tendon sheath. A small number of malignant schwannomas contained groups of cells which stained positively whilst other spindle cell sarcomas either did not stain or showed ‘cross‐reaction’ type staining only. These results add weight to the proposition that synovial sarcomas do not arise from normal synovium, despite their morphological similarities, but from mesenchymal connective tissue. It is also shown that immunohistochemical staining with anti‐epithelial antibodies will emphasize the biphasic pattern of synovial sarcomas allowing their distinction from other sarcomas.
Immunoelectron microscope demonstration of the basement membrane components laminin and type IV collagen in the dermal cylindroma
Authors: Kallioinen Matti 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSpecific antisera to the human laminin P1 fragment and the 7S domain of type IV collagen were used to investigate the ultrastructural location of these main basement membrane (BM) components in a dermal cylindroma. Thick frozen sections were treated by the immunoperoxidase method, postfixed, embedded in epon and then sectioned for electron microscopic examination. Laminin and type IV collagen were detected in all layers of the cylindroma BM, together with non‐specifically stained, diffusely distributed fibrillar structures, possible microfibrils and anchoring fibrils or residual stromal collagen fibres. The mixed presence of the BM components indicates that these substances codistribute rather than occurring as separate layers even when forming neoplastic basement membranes.