bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developmental expression of a unique carbohydrate antigen, Tn antigen, in mouse central nervous tissues
Authors: Akita Kaoru , Fushiki Shinji , Fujimoto Takahiro , Inoue Mizue , Oguri Kayoko , Okayama Minoru , Yamashina Ikuo , Nakada Hiroshi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractUsing an anti‐Tn monoclonal antibody, the Tn antigen was detected immunohistochemically in prenatal and early postnatal central nervous tissues. On embryonic day 9 (E9), the antigen was distributed throughout the single neuroepithelial layer in the neocortex and then became more prominent in the preplate than in the ventricular zone along with formation of the preplate. Following division of the preplate and concomitant formation of the cortical plate, distinct labeling of the neocortex occurred in the marginal, subplate and intermediate zones, whereas in the cortical plate and ventricular zone were virtually not immunostained. It is notable that thalamocortical afferent fibers were also immunostained specifically on E14. After birth, the localization of the antigen became less noticeable and by 3 weeks after birth, the antigen had substantially disappeared. In the developing cerebellum, prominent labeling was also observed in the molecular layer and outskirts of the cerebellar nuclei on early postnatal days. To characterize the glycoprotein bearing the Tn antigen biochemically, immunoblot analysis was performed. The glycoprotein, most of which was extracted with a salt solution, migrated as a broad smeared band corresponding to a molecular weight of about 250 kDa on SDS‐PAGE. Among the various tissues examined, this glycoprotein was only detected in the brain and its amount increased until an early postnatal stage with a peak on postnatal day 3 (P3), and then decreased gradually with age. This spatially and developmentally regulated expression of the Tn antigen suggests that this antigen plays a significant role in brain development. J. Neurosci. Res. 65:595–603, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Kinetics of the reactions of OH with 3‐methyl‐2‐cyclohexen‐1‐one and 3,5,5‐trimethyl‐2‐cyclohexen‐1‐one under simulated atmospheric conditions
Authors: McQuaid James B. , Stocker David W. , Pilling Michael J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRelative rate coefficients for the reactions of OH with 3‐methyl‐2‐cyclohexen‐1‐one and 3,5,5‐trimethyl‐2‐cyclohexen‐1‐one have been determined at 298 K and atmospheric pressure by the relative rate technique. OH radicals were generated by the photolysis of methyl nitrite in synthetic air mixtures containing ppm levels of nitric oxide together with the test and reference substrates. The concentrations of the test and reference substrates were followed by gas chromatography. Based on the value k(OH + cyclohexene) = (6.77 ± 1.35) × 10−11 cm3 molecule−1 s−1, rate coefficients for k(OH + 3‐methyl‐2‐cyclohexen‐1‐one) = (3.1 ± 1.0) × 10−11 and k(OH + 3,5,5‐trimethyl‐2‐cyclohexen‐1‐one) = (2.4 ± 0.7) × 10−11 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 were determined. To test the system we also measured k(OH + isoprene) = (1.11 ± 0.23) × 10−10 cm3 molecule−1 s−1, relative to the value k(OH + (E)‐2‐butene) = (6.4 ± 1.28) × 10−11 cm3 molecule−1 s−1. The results are discussed in terms of structure–activity relationships, and the reactivities of cyclic ketones formed in the photo‐oxidation of monoterpene are estimated. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 34: 7–11, 2002
Optimizing the kinetics of persulfate‐mediated oxidative coupling of phenols to 4‐aminoantipyrine
Authors: Otim Ochan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe kinetics of the persulfate oxidation of phenol, p‐ethylphenol, and 1‐naphthol in the presence of 4‐aminoantipyrine under basic condition was studied. Parallel oxidation of 4‐aminoantipyrine was observed to influence the rate law in a very complicatedway. The rate law was simplified by limiting the concentration of the phenol, and optimizing the excess persulfate and the 4‐aminoantipyrine. Under such condition, the rate law is independent of the concentration of 4‐aminoantipyrine. The order of reaction was found to be one with respect to the concentrations of a phenol or persulfate. The second order rate constant was highest for 1‐naphthol followed by phenol and p‐ethylphenol in that order. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J chem Kinet 33: 600–604, 2001
Management of customer and project knowledge: solutions and experience at SAP
Authors: Blessing Dieter , Goerk Manfred , Bach Volker 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe following article describes how project knowledge can contribute to an improved relationship with the customer, looking at two related projects at the software company SAP. The first project focuses on the global utilization of project information and an early reaction to possible project risk escalations. The emphasis of the second project is on gaining previously undocumented knowledge from project experience, making it accessible to employees through role‐specific portals and subsequently to customers and partners. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid knowledge construction: a case study in corporate contingency planning using collaborative hypermedia
Authors: Selvin Albert M. , Buckingham Shum Simon J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMany knowledge management (KM) efforts revolve around managing documents in a repository or enabling better real‐time communication. An ideal approach would combine these with the ability to create knowledge content that can be either formal or informal in nature, in a rapid, real‐time manner. We will call this Rapid Knowledge Construction (RKC). This paper describes the concepts underpinning our approach to RKC, and provides a case study of the approach in an industry context. The Compendium approach, which has been applied in projects in both industry and academic settings, facilitates the rapid creation of the content of a KM repository, by combining collaborative hypermedia, group facilitation techniques, and an analytical methodology rooted in knowledge acquisition and structured analysis. Compendium addresses key challenges for the successful introduction of KM technologies into work practice: (1) customization for different use contexts; (2) integration of formal and informal communication; (3) integration of both prescribed and ad hoc representations; (4) validation and cross‐referencing of the repository ‘on the fly’ at the point of entry; (5) conversion of organizational documents/emails into a hypertext database, and (6) conversion of hypertext databases into organizational document formats. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The contribution of stone cover to biological activity in the Negev desert, Israel
Authors: Lahav (Lavian) I. , Steinberger Y. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAncient valley agriculture in the northern Negev highlands was based on the principle of directed collection of water and eroded material from the slopes and their consequent flow towards the valleys. The stones on these slopes were therefore removed and/or collected into piles known as ‘grape mounds’. The aim of this study was to understand the contribution of stone cover and slope‐facing to biological activity in soil. Soil samples from a depth of 0–5 mm from the soil surface were collected during the study period (December 1994–March 1996) from northern and southern hill slopes, from under limestones and between stones. Soil moisture, organic matter, chlorophyll‐a and soil respiration were determined. The results obtained in field and laboratory studies demonstrated differences between the northern and southern slopes. The stone cover on the northern slope made up 33 per cent and in the southern slope 23 per cent, stone size ranging from 15–50 cm2 and 15–35 cm2, respectively. Soil moisture content varied from 12 per cent in December 1994 on both slopes to one‐quarter of the initial value during the dry period. Organic matter content reached a maximal level of 14 per cent and 16 per cent on the northern and southern slopes, respectively. Values of chlorophyll‐a on both the northern and southern slopes were 0.38 μg g−1 dry soil during the wet season, decreasing to 0.05 μg g−1 dry soil during the dry period. Soil samples from under the stones on both slopes produced high levels of CO2, ranging between 50 and 100 μg CO2 g;−1 dry soil h−1, whereas in the control samples the levels ranged between 30 and 70 μg CO2 g−1 dry soil h−1. In conclusion, the stone cover apparently plays an important role in the maintenance of biological activity through its contribution to slope biotope stability. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First do no harm: what could be done by casinos to limit pathological gambling
Authors: Quinn Frank L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCasinos could help inhibit the development of pathological gambling by limiting the contributions they make to the development of pathology among gamblers. Reasonable strategies for limiting pathology might include limiting the size of jackpots, decreasing the length of play, limiting access, decreasing the rate of play, decreasing the arousal of patrons, decreasing the variability of games, and decreasing the inducements to play. These strategies could be employed in the domains of accessibility, environment, game structure, promotion/marketing, education and treatment. The author argues that the implementation of these strategies would not only inhibit the development of pathological gambling, but might also benefit the casinos and society. The suggested changes in casinos offers a focal point for further research and further dialogues between clinicians and casino operators. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
China's entry to the WTO: managerial implications for foreign banks
Authors: Leung M.K. , Young T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper shows that particular attributes of foreign banks, viz. size of assets, number of branches, and links to the Asian network, have significant impacts on their decision to engage in business transactions in China's domestic currency, Renminbi. Access to these markets will expand upon China's entry to the WTO and these attributes will also help the foreign bank to manage liquidity and credit risks more effectively when dealing with their Chinese customers. Other foreign banks without these attributes will have to adopt aggressive employment policies or restrict themselves to providing services to joint ventures in China. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oral solution of levodopa ethylester for treatment of response fluctuations in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease
Authors: Djaldetti Ruth , Inzelberg Rivkah , Giladi Nir , Korczyn Amos D. , Peretz‐Aharon Yehudit , Rabey Martin J. , Herishano Yuval , Honigman Silvia , Badarny Sami , Melamed Eldad 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLevodopa ethylester (LDEE), a highly soluble prodrug of levodopa, may overcome the impaired absorption of regular levodopa, due mainly to a combination of levodopa's poor solubility and delayed gastric emptying. We conducted a double‐blind, levodopa‐controlled, multicenter study of oral LDEE solution compared with standard levodopa–carbidopa (LD–CD) tablets. Sixty‐two patients with Parkinson's disease who had “delayed on” and “no‐on” subtypes of response fluctuations were randomly assigned for treatment with LDEE–CD or LD–CD 250/25 mg for 4 weeks (phase A). Only the first morning and first post‐lunch dose of LD were replaced. This was followed by a 2‐week extension with a supplementation of carbidopa (25 mg) to each replaced dose (phase B). Patients filled home diaries 2 weeks before and during the trial period in which times of turning on and off for the two doses were reported. In phase A, mean latency to turning on was reduced by 21% (morning dose) and 17% (post‐lunch dose) in the LDEE–CD group. Percentage of no‐on episodes after the post‐lunch dose was decreased by 21% in the LDEE–CD group but increased by 36% in the LD–CD group (P < 0.01). In phase B, LDEE–CD decreased latencies to on after the morning and post‐lunch doses and no‐on episodes after the post‐lunch dose. The beneficial effects of LDEE were supported by the pharmacokinetic data. Results indicate that LDEE solution is beneficial in ameliorating delayed on and no‐on response fluctuations. This effect of LDEE is due to more rapid levodopa absorption. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society.
Bioactive taxoids from the Japanese yew Taxus cuspidata
Authors: Kobayashi Jun'ichi , Shigemori Hideyuki 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA series of new taxoids, named taxuspines A–H and J–Z (1–25) and taxezopidines A–H and J–L (26–36), have been isolated together with 37 known taxoids (37–73) including paclitaxel (53) from the Japanese yew, Taxus cuspidata Sieb. et Zucc. (Taxaceae). These new taxoids possess various skeletons containing 5/7/6, 6/10/6, 6/5/5/6, 6/8/6, or 6/12‐membered ring systems. Among the new taxoids, some non‐taxol‐type compounds remarkably reduced CaCl2‐induced depolymerization of microtubules, or increased cellular accumulation of vincristine in multidrug‐resistant tumor cells as potent as verapamil. On the other hand, chemical derivatization of taxinine (37), one of major taxoids obtained from this yew, led to the discovery of unusual reactions of taxinine derivatives. Here we describe our recent results on the isolation, structure elucidation, and bioactivity of these new and known taxoids and the formation of unexpected products of the unusual reactions of taxinine. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 22, No. 3, 305–328, 2002; Published online in wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/med.10005
Enthalpy calculations for the estimation of microwave‐assisted drying efficiency on laminar materials
Authors: Monzó‐Cabrera J. , Díaz‐Morcillo A. , Catalá‐Civera J. M. , Canós A. J. , de los Reyes E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this work, the efficiency of a static microwave‐assisted dryer for laminar materials is studied. Drying tests, carried out in this drier with leather samples, show that the application of the microwave energy significantly accelerates the drying rates without damaging the product. Energetic calculations allow inferring the microwave‐absorbed power without measuring the transmitted and reflected power, leading to results that agree with the literature and that demonstrate the efficiency of this drying technique and its feasibility when combined with forced airflow. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 470–474, 2001.
Open‐hexagon tilted patch antenna for terrestrial digital TV reception
Authors: Mondelo Javier Yagüe , Varela Mercedes Sánchez , Cuiñas Iñigo , García Sánchez Manuel , García Pino Antonio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSome specific situations for digital TV reception need vertically polarized transmission, and so, vertically polarized antennas. This letter presents a new open‐hexagon suspended tilted patch antenna. This element provides medium gain and directivity in a compact format and small size. The proposed antenna is an open‐hexagonal patch, tilted 45° relative to the ground plane. The radiation pattern is end fire, and the polarization is orthogonal to the ground plane. This design has been analyzed, built, and measured, showing good performance for the intended use. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 56–60, 2002.
Low‐noise one‐port microwave transistor amplifier
Authors: Venguer A. P. , Medina J. L. , Chávez R. , Velázquez A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA new type of a microwave reflection amplifier with very low noise properties is presented. The proposed amplifier consists of a circulator and a one‐port circuit with the use of a transistor operating under negative resistance conditions. An expression for estimating the noise figure for this type of amplifier is proposed. Experimental results show that such a class of amplifiers that use only one transistor provides a higher transmission gain and a smaller noise figure than a conventional single‐stage amplifier, making it interesting to operate at millimeter‐wave frequencies. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 33: 100–104, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10236
PBG‐type microstrip filters with one‐ and two‐sided patterns
Authors: Akalin T. , Laso M. A. G. , Lopetegi T. , Vanbésien O. , Sorolla M. , Lippens D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe report first on an experimental analysis of photonic bandgap microstrip‐type filters at microwave frequencies. The frequency‐selective structure is achieved via ground‐plane patterning. The influence of a shielding is addressed in particular. Then, we theoretically analyze the possibility of two‐sided patterning for a high dynamic broadband filtering response. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 30: 69–72, 2001.
An SOI Michelson interferometer sensor with waveguide Bragg reflective gratings for temperature monitoring
Authors: Tsao Shyh‐Lin , Peng Peng‐Chun 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a novel silicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) Michelson interferometer sensor with waveguide Bragg reflective gratings as a high‐sensitivity temperature sensor. Due to the SOI waveguide, the Bragg reflective grating has a larger thermal expansion coefficient than the fiber Bragg grating (FBG); the temperature sensitivity of the SOI Michelson interferometer sensor is 20 times higher than the FBG sensor. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 30: 321–322, 2001.
Complete assignment of the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of the tetraisoprenylated benzophenone 15‐epiclusianone
Authors: dos Santos M. H. , Nagem T. J. , Braz‐Filho R. , Lula I. S. , Speziali N. L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn NMR study of 15‐epiclusianone, 1‐benzoyl‐6‐hydroxy‐14,14‐dimethyl‐3,5,15‐tri(3‐methyl‐2‐butenyl)‐bicyclo[3.3.1]non‐1‐ene‐4,6‐dione (1), a novel tetraisoprenylated benzophenone isolated from pericarp of fruits of Rheedia gardneriana, is described. In addition to conventional 1D NMR techniques, 2D shift‐correlated NMR experiments [1H × 1H‐COSY, 1H × 13C‐HMQC‐1J(C,H), 1H × 13C‐HMBC‐nJ(C,H) (n = 2 and 3) and 1H × 1H‐NOESY] were used for 1H and 13C chemical shift assignments of this natural product. The 1D 13C NMR spectrum of 1 in the solid state was also obtained. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Creatine phosphokinase in domestic cat epididymal spermatozoa*
Authors: AxnÉr Eva , Pukazhenthi Budhan S. , Wildt David E. , Linde‐Forsberg Catharina , Spindler Rebecca E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMammalian spermatozoa that have not completed final testicular sperm maturation have residual cytoplasm and increased creatine phosphokinase (CK) content. This study determined: (1) if CK could be detected by immunostaining cat spermatozoa from the caput, corpus, and cauda epididymis, (2) fluctuations in the proportions of spermatozoa with mature or immature CK‐staining patterns during epididymal sperm transit, and (3) how well sperm maturity (as determined by a CK marker) correlated with testicular or epididymal dysfunctions associated with morphological sperm abnormalities. One epididymis was collected from each of 37 cats after orchiectomy and processed immediately to allow sperm morphology evaluations on a ‘regional’ basis. Sperm released from the contralateral epididymis were evaluated for motility, sperm membrane integrity, and immunostaining with CK‐B antibodies. Proportions of spermatozoa with malformed or detached heads, proximal droplets and acrosomal or midpiece abnormalities decreased (P < 0.05) from the caput to the cauda epididymis. In contrast, proportions of spermatozoa that were motile, membrane‐intact or with flagellar abnormalities or distal droplets increased (P < 0.05) from the caput to cauda region. Percentages of spermatozoa with an immature CK‐staining pattern also decreased (P < 0.05) with epididymal transit (which differs from that reported for the human and stallion). There was no correlation (P > 0.05) between sperm morphology and the CK‐staining patterns. In summary, the results reveal that some specific sperm malformations in the domestic cat are of testicular origin, whereas others develop during epididymal transit. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 62: 265–270, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunohistochemical detection of the retinoid acid receptors (RXR‐α, ‐β, ‐γ) and farnesoid X‐activated receptor (FXR) in the marbled newt along the annual cycle
Authors: Alfaro J.M. , Ricote M. , Lobo M.V.T. , Royuela M. , Fraile B. , Paniagua R. , Arenas M.I. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRetinoid acid receptors (RXR‐α, ‐β, ‐γ) and Farnesoid X‐activated receptor (FXR) expression in the testis of the marbled newt were investigated with special attention to the changes during the annual testicular cycle, using light microscopy immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. The annual testicular cycle of the marbled newt (Triturus marmoratus marmoratus) comprises three periods: (a) proliferative period (germ cell proliferation from primordial germ cells to round spermatids, April–June); (b) spermiogenesis period (July–September); and (c) quiescence period (interstitial and follicular cells form the glandular tissue, October–April). In the proliferative period, primordial germ cells and primary spermatogonia immunostained intensely to the three types of RXRs and also to FXR. In the other periods, immunostaining to these antibodies was weak or absent. Secondary spermatogonia stained weakly to the four antibodies in the proliferative period, and only to FXR, also weakly, in the spermiogenesis period. Immunoreactive primary spermatocytes were weakly labeled with the RXR antibodies in the proliferative period. Spermatids and spermatozoa did not stain to any antibody in any period. Follicular cells only immunostained to RXR‐γ and only in the quiescence period when they are forming the glandular tissue, together with the interstitial cells. As follicular cells, interstitial cells only immunostained in the quiescence period; however, they immunoreacted to the three types of RXRs. These findings suggest that in the newt, RXRs and FXR are involved in spermatogenesis control by regulating the proliferation of primordial germ cells and spermatogonia. In addition, RXR‐γ seems to be also involved in the development of the glandular (steroidogenic) tissue. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 62: 216–222, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pelvic muscle activity in nulliparous volunteers
Authors: Peschers Ursula M. , Vodus̆ek David B. , Fanger Gabi , Schaer Gabriel N. , DeLancey John O.L. , Schuessler Bernhard 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe aim of this study was to describe normal characteristics of spontaneous and voluntary pelvic muscle function in nulliparous healthy continent women and to assess the reaction of the pelvic floor to stress and fatigue. Ten nulliparous volunteers were recruited. Pelvic muscle strength was evaluated by palpation and perineal ultrasound. Kinesiological EMG and perineal ultrasound were performed to test for possible fatigue and to assess bladder neck mobility during coughing with a pre‐contraction of the pelvic floor muscles. Bladder neck mobility did not increase after attempts to fatigue the pelvic floor muscles. Bladder neck descent was significantly less when the women were instructed to contract the pelvic floor muscles before coughing. The contraction of the pelvic floor muscles stabilizes the vesical neck in nulliparous women. Neurourol. Urodynam. 20:269–275, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A mobility‐based clustering approach to support mobility management and multicast routing in mobile ad‐hoc wireless networks
Authors: An Beongku , Papavassiliou Symeon 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn our proposed structure, mobile nodes are organized into nonoverlapping clusters which have adaptive variable‐sizes according to their respective mobility. The mobility‐based clustering (MBC) approach we are proposing uses a combination of both physical and logical partitions of the network (i.e. geographic proximity and functional relation between nodes, such as mobility pattern etc.) Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.