bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
It takes two: The relative contributions of parent versus child‐led regulatory behaviours on toddler vaccination pain
Authors: Gennis H. G. , Flora D. B. , McMurtry C. M. , Flanders D. , Weinberg E. , Savlov D. , Garfield H. , Pillai Riddell R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundPast research has established the important role of parent soothing in early childhood pain management. However, limited research has assessed children's own emerging emotion regulation strategies to reduce their pain during vaccination. The purpose of the current study was to understand the relative contributions of child‐led emotion‐regulation behaviours over and above parent regulatory behaviours and pre‐needle distress.MethodsToddler‐caregiver dyads were videotaped at their 12‐ and/or 18‐month vaccinations. Videos were coded for pain‐related behavioural distress, child‐led regulatory behaviours (disengagement of attention, parent‐focused behaviours, and physical self‐soothing), and parent regulatory/soothing behaviours (distraction, physical comfort, rocking, verbal reassurance). Pre‐needle distress, followed by parent regulatory behaviours, followed by child regulatory behaviours were used as hierarchical predictors of pain regulation. Two sets of models were estimated at each age, by incorporating parent and child regulatory behaviours at 1 min and 2 min post‐needle, separately.ResultsAt both ages, child‐led parent‐focused behaviours predicted less regulation. At 18 months, parent soothing behaviours (e.g. distraction, verbal reassurance, rocking) played a stronger role in regulation, however; the only behaviour that increased regulation was rocking.ConclusionsMeasuring both parent and child regulatory behaviours was important for fully understanding pain‐related distress regulation. Toddlers' use of parent‐focused regulatory behaviours (e.g. proximity seeking) suggests that they signal to their parent directly when they are struggling to regulate post‐needle. The only parent behaviour that supported this regulation was rocking at 18 months, suggesting a greater need to understand the sensitivity of parent behaviours post‐needle.SignificanceTo our knowledge, this is the first study to examine both parent and child regulatory behaviours following vaccination at different stages in toddlerhood. This investigation allows a deeper understanding of the dyadic nature of early childhood vaccination, as well as the evolving role of the parent through toddlerhood. Importantly, findings suggest that toddlers do not simply wait for their parents to respond to their pain post‐needle and provide clear signals to show their need of support in regulation.
The experiences of having a sibling with an eating disorder: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Heneghan Anya , Manitsa Ifigeneia , Livanou Maria , Treasure Janet 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveResearch on carers in the context of eating disorders (EDs) has predominantly focused on parents and offspring, overlooking the adverse effects EDs have on the lives of siblings. This study aims to shift the paradigm by reviewing the literature in this area. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first review of the literature that broadly captured the lived experiences of siblings without being limited by specific search terms such as coping strategies and levels of psychopathology.MethodSix databases (ERIC, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched using predetermined search strings. Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies were included as long as they were focused on siblings' experiences of having a brother or sister with an ED. No publication date restrictions were applied, and thorough quality assessments were initially carried out before a qualitative analysis of the data was conducted.ResultsTwenty‐one studies were eligible for inclusion, thematic synthesis yielded six core themes, and 17 subthemes related to the inter‐ and intrapersonal impacts of the ED on siblings' lives. These themes and sub‐themes include fragmentation in family relationships, parentification, and competition and jealousy.ConclusionIt is of utmost importance to gain a better understanding of siblings' experiences and needs in relation to EDs. The findings are discussed in relation to the existing literature and theoretical and clinical implications, for example, tailored approaches accounting for siblings' experiences.
Dichroic switching of core–shell plasmonic nanoparticles on reflective surfaces
Authors: Liang Tian , Li Zhiwei , Bai Yaocai , Yin Yadong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPlasmonic metal nanostructures can simultaneously scatter and absorb light, with resonance wavelength and strength depending on their morphology and composition. This work demonstrates that unique dichroic effects and high‐contrast colour‐switching can be achieved by leveraging the resonant scattering and absorption of light by plasmonic nanostructures and the specular reflection of the resulting transmitted light. Using core/shell nanostructures comprising a metal core and a dielectric shell, we show that their spray coating on reflective substrates produces dichroic films that can display colour switching at different viewing angles. The high‐contrast colour switching, high flexibility in designing multicolour patterns, and convenience for large‐scale production promise their wide range of applications, including anticounterfeiting, mechanochromic sensing, colour display, and printing.
Enhancing physics informed neural networks for solving Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Farkane Ayoub , Ghogho Mounir , Oudani Mustapha , Boutayeb Mohamed 
Published: November 2023

SummaryFluid mechanics is a critical field in both engineering and science. Understanding the behavior of fluids requires solving the Navier–Stokes equation (NSE). However, the NSE is a complex partial differential equation that can be challenging to solve, and classical numerical methods can be computationally expensive. In this paper, we propose enhancing physics‐informed neural networks (PINNs) by modifying the residual loss functions and incorporating new computational deep learning techniques. We present two enhanced models for solving the NSE. The first model involves developing the classical PINN for solving the NSE, based on a stream function approach to the velocity components. We have added the pressure training loss function to this model and integrated the new computational training techniques. Furthermore, we propose a second, more flexible model that directly approximates the solution of the NSE without making any assumptions. This model significantly reduces the training duration while maintaining high accuracy. Moreover, we have successfully applied this model to solve the three‐dimensional NSE. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approaches, offering several advantages, including high trainability, flexibility, and efficiency.
A review of the dietary diversity and micronutrient adequacy among the women of reproductive age in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Islam Md. Hafizul , Nayan Md. Moniruzzaman , Jubayer Ahmed , Amin Md. Ruhul 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe dietary quality of women of reproductive age (WRA) is particularly important during preconception, conception, and pregnancy for themselves and their offspring. Poorly diversified diets resulting in inadequate micronutrient consumption may have adverse effects on their health. This narrative review summarizes the findings of studies reporting on dietary diversity and micronutrient intake by WRA in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). Studies on WRA aged 15–49 years in LMICs, with a sample size of more than 150, report dietary diversity and multiple micronutrient intake based on 24‐h dietary recall/food weighed record/food frequency questionnaire, and published between January 2011 and June 2021 were included. The results were compared to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) recommended cut‐off for dietary diversity and the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) recommended age‐ and sex‐specific estimated average requirements (EARs) for micronutrient intake. This review includes 35 articles, of which 21 focused on dietary diversity and 14 on micronutrient intake. The results showed that WRA in LMICs had inadequate dietary diversity, with mean food group consumption of only 3.0–4.84, and around 42.3%–90% of women consumed inadequately diversified diets (<5 food groups). Additionally, most studies found that WRA did not consume adequate amounts of essential micronutrients, particularly calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, folate, and vitamin B12. However, the intake of vitamin C, niacin, and vitamin B6 was above the required levels. In conclusion, this review highlights the common inadequacy of dietary diversity and multiple micronutrient intake among WRA in most LMICs. Effective measures involving improving dietary diversity, food fortification with micronutrients, and supplementation programs could help improve the dietary quality and intake of optimal micronutrients by women in LMICs.
The intra‐individual reliability of 1H‐MRS measurement in the anterior cingulate cortex across 1 year
Authors: Wang Meng‐Yun , Korbmacher Max , Eikeland Rune , Craven Alexander R. , Specht Karsten 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMagnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is the primary method that can measure the levels of metabolites in the brain in vivo. To achieve its potential in clinical usage, the reliability of the measurement requires further articulation. Although there are many studies that investigate the reliability of gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), comparatively few studies have investigated the reliability of other brain metabolites, such as glutamate (Glu), N‐acetyl‐aspartate (NAA), creatine (Cr), phosphocreatine (PCr), or myo‐inositol (mI), which all play a significant role in brain development and functions. In addition, previous studies which predominately used only two measurements (two data points) failed to provide the details of the time effect (e.g., time‐of‐day) on MRS measurement within subjects. Therefore, in this study, MRS data located in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) were repeatedly recorded across 1 year leading to at least 25 sessions for each subject with the aim of exploring the variability of other metabolites by using the index coefficient of variability (CV); the smaller the CV, the more reliable the measurements. We found that the metabolites of NAA, tNAA, and tCr showed the smallest CVs (between 1.43% and 4.90%), and the metabolites of Glu, Glx, mI, and tCho showed modest CVs (between 4.26% and 7.89%). Furthermore, we found that the concentration reference of the ratio to water results in smaller CVs compared to the ratio to tCr. In addition, we did not find any time‐of‐day effect on the MRS measurements. Collectively, the results of this study indicate that the MRS measurement is reasonably reliable in quantifying the levels of metabolites.
Early career researchers and mental health: Observational study of challenge and wellbeing
Authors: Cilli Eleonora , Ranieri Jessica , Guerra Federica , Di Giacomo Dina 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundEarly career researchers (ECRs) are a strategic sector in the academic community because they represent a scientific incubator for future academic scholars. Recently, growing evidence suggests that relevant doctoral researchers work under elevated levels of stress and frustration and that this has a significant impact on their personal health and research output and their future career development. This study aimed to analyse the well‐being and mental health within ECR, focusing on coping strategies for stress, and to contribute and exploit a conceptual framework tailored to the academic context considering the specifics and challenges of academia.MethodsParticipants were 134 young early career academics (mean age = 30.6; SD = 4.38; range = 25–40 years) enrolled via institutional email. A 94‐item questionnaire was created using Survey Monkey and distributed between October and December 2022. The survey assessment was based on three parts: (1) sociodemographic data, (2) psychological assessment, and (3) research skills design.ResultsOur findings highlighted a general trend toward negative psychological dimensions in ECRs: PhD students and research contracts appeared to be stressed, anxious, and depressed. Moreover, they had segmented ECRs: PhD students showed higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress than research contracts, highlighting reduced positive outcomes in psychological dimensions, as well as lower ability to manage emotional experiences and then to be perseverant for long‐term goals and motivation. Our findings highlight that mental health in ECRs is a challenge that needs to be addressed in academia.ConclusionsNew and innovative ways of encouraging help‐seeking must be developed and implemented to address policy changes, communication activities, training, and health‐promotion activities through the circulation of experience, sharing actions, and strategies to foster healthy academics by raising awareness, implementing interventions, or engaging professionals concerning mental health in academia.
Investigating Torsin‐1A‐interacting protein 1 as a predictive and immunological biomarker in cancer
Authors: Kaur Gurleen , Suri Gurparsad Singh , Shinde Dheeraj 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundCancer poses a significant global challenge, and with the projected rise in cancer incidence, there is an urgent need to discover new targets and treatments to improve patient outcomes. Recent advancements in genomics technologies have enhanced our understanding of cancer's complexities and led to the emergence of pan‐cancer analysis as a valuable approach for identifying tumor targets. Torsin‐1A‐interacting protein 1 (TOR1AIP1) is a membrane protein involved in various cellular processes. Emerging evidence suggests its potential involvement in cancer.MethodsIn this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of multiple databases to explore TOR1AIP1 expression across different cancer types and stages. We also investigated its correlation with clinical outcomes, such as survival rates and drug sensitivity.ResultsThe results of our analysis showed significant deregulation of TOR1AIP1 expression in multiple cancer types and its association with clinical outcomes, with a particular emphasis on kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. The results of our study highlight the potential predictive value of TOR1AIP1 in cancer prognosis and therapy.ConclusionsThis study establishes a solid foundation and rationale for future experimental investigations, which will contribute to a deeper understanding of the significance of TOR1AIP1 in different cancer types, specifically in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma.
Reassessing theories of capital structure: Empirical insights from companies listed in Vietnam
Authors: Dai Ya , Guo Liang , Guo Chang , Zhang Hongxian 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOver the past decade, the Vietnamese capital market has undergone a remarkable transformation, with a significant focus on its stock market that has displayed substantial expansion since 2012. This research delves into the impact of this market progression on the choices pertaining to capital structure made by companies listed in Vietnam. By analyzing a range of trade‐off and pecking order models and amalgamating them into a unified regression framework, we gauge their capacity to elucidate these decisions. Our study outcomes unveil that the trade‐off theory offers a more robust rationale for the capital structure determinations of Vietnamese companies, particularly during the post‐2012 period. Furthermore, we observe a notable increase in the pace of leverage adjustments made by Vietnamese companies post‐2012. Subsequent analysis indicates that this acceleration is primarily driven by overleveraged firms, as opposed to underleveraged ones. This study contributes valuable insights into the relationship between capital market development and capital structure choices within the Vietnamese context. It offers important implications for policymakers, investors, and corporate decision‐makers seeking to better understand and navigate the evolving dynamics of the Vietnamese capital market.
AdaRes: A deep learning‐based model for ultrasound image denoising: Results of image quality metrics, radiomics, artificial intelligence, and clinical studies
Authors: Abbasian Ardakani Ali , Mohammadi Afshin , Vogl Thomas J. , Kuzan Taha Yusuf , Acharya U Rajendra 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurposeThe quality of ultrasound images is degraded by speckle and Gaussian noises. This study aims to develop a deep‐learning (DL)‐based filter for ultrasound image denoising.MethodsA novel DL‐based filter using adaptive residual (AdaRes) learning was proposed. Five image quality metrics (IQMs) and 27 radiomics features were used to evaluate denoising results. The effect of our proposed filter, AdaRes, on four pre‐trained convolutional neural network (CNN) classification models and three radiologists was assessed.ResultsAdaRes filter was tested on both natural and ultrasound image databases. IQMs results indicate that AdaRes could remove noises in three different noise levels with the highest performances. In addition, a radiomics study proved that AdaRes did not distort tissue textures and it could preserve most radiomics features. AdaRes could also improve the performance classification using CNNs in different settings. Finally, AdaRes also improved the mean overall performance (AUC) of three radiologists from 0.494 to 0.702 in the classification of benign and malignant lesions.ConclusionsAdaRes filtered out noises on ultrasound images more effectively and can be used as an auxiliary preprocessing step in computer‐aided diagnosis systems. Radiologists may use it to remove unwanted noises and improve the ultrasound image quality before the interpretation.
Lessons learned from a non‐traditional application process: Integrating user experiences to inform admission application design
Authors: Wolcott Michael D. , Cromartie Jazmin , Mason Daniel E. , Stewart Jade S. X. , Werth Kimberly J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurposeThe research aim was to gather applicant expectations and perspectives with a user‐centered approach during a pilot application process for a new dental school. The goal was to inform future admissions practices at our institution and for programs broadly.MethodsThe High Point University admission team developed an electronic application external to current centralized services that was launched from May to August 2022. Participants who completed the application were requested to complete an electronic survey of closed‐ and open‐ended questions about the factors influencing their application decisions, feedback about how to optimize the experience, and their overall satisfaction using a Net Promoter Score.ResultsA total of 303 applicants (79% response rate) completed the survey about their application experience. The most influential reason for applying to the program was the optional Dental Admissions Test requirement (43%). Participants frequently referenced a need for a more human‐centered process focused on the candidate rather than their numerical values and that the process should be smooth, straight‐forward, short, easy, and simple. Participants requested that experiences should be weighed the most in the application process followed by letters of recommendation. Most applicants were “promoters” (68%) for the program with a Net Promoter Score of 62. Moreover, 32% and 45% rated the application process as the best or better application experience compared to other programs.ConclusionPrograms can benefit from collecting applicant's (i.e., users) opinions and feedback about their expectations and experiences to inform more user‐centered application processes.
Simultaneous visualization of micro‐damage in cortical bone, trabecular bone, and intracortical vasculature for diagnosing osteoporosis: An animal model synchrotron imaging
Authors: Kim Subok , Jang Sanghun , Lee Onseok 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOsteoporosis (OP) is difficult to diagnose through the three‐dimensional visualization of micro‐damage. In this study, aimed to make an objective diagnosis by visualizing micro‐damage caused by OP using synchrotron radiation‐based μCT (SR‐μCT). Female mice (n = 12) were randomly divided into an ovariectomized group (OVX, n = 6) in which both ovaries were excised and OP occurred, and a sham‐operated group (SHAM, n = 6). After six weeks, all femurs (left and right) were excised from both groups (n = 12 per group). Thereafter, femurs were randomly divided into SR‐μCT (OVX group, n = 6; SHAM group, n = 6) and μCT (OVX group, n = 6; SHAM group, n = 6) groups. In the SR‐μCT group, micro‐damage was visualized by manually segmenting the cortical bone, trabecular bone, and intracortical vasculature using a water‐shedding algorithm. In addition, trabecular bone was obtained by automatic segmentation using μCT. Cortical bone volume/total volume was greater (p = .015), and cortical thickness was greater in the SHAM group than in the OVX group (p = .007). Among the trabecular bone parameters, the bone volume/total volume (TV) in OVX was significantly lower than that in the SHAM group (p = .012). The canal volume was greater (p = .021) and lacuna volume was greater (p < .001) in the SHAM group than in the OVX group. We expect that it will be possible to analyze damage and recovery mechanisms in the field of rehabilitation. SR‐μCT has been proposed as an objective method for OP diagnosis as it allows the visualization of microstructures.Research Highlights
Damage mechanism for diagnosis and evaluation in an osteoporosis model.
Synchrotron radiation can objectively diagnose osteoporosis.
Visualization is possible by segmenting microdamage caused by osteoporosis.
Single fiber curvature for muscle impairment assessment: Phase contrast imaging of stroke‐induced animals
Authors: Kim Subok , Jang Sanghun , Lee Onseok 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThere are technical challenges in imaging studies that can three‐dimensionally (3D) analyze a single fiber (SF) to observe the functionality of the entire muscle after stroke. This study proposes a 3D assessment technique that only segments the SF of the right stroke‐induced soleus muscle of a gerbil using synchrotron radiation x‐ray microcomputed tomography (SR‐μCT), which is capable of muscle structure analysis. Curvature damage in the SF of the left soleus muscle (impaired) progressed at 7‐day intervals after the stroke in the control; particularly on the 7 days (1 week) and 14 days (2 weeks), as observed through visualization analysis. At 2 weeks, the SF volume was significantly reduced in the control impaired group (p = .033), and was significantly less than that in the non‐impaired group (p = .009). We expect that animal post‐stroke studies will improve the basic field of rehabilitation therapy by diagnosing the degree of SF curvature.Research Highlights
Muscle evaluation after ischemic stroke using synchrotron radiation x‐ray microcomputed tomography (SR‐μCT).
Curvature is measured by segmenting a single fiber (SF) in the muscle.
Structural changes in the SF of impaired gerbils at 7‐day intervals were assessed.