bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heating of the Atmospheres of Short-orbit Exoplanets by Their Rapid Orbital Motion through an Extreme Space Environment
Authors: Cohen Ofer , Glocer Alex , Garraffo Cecilia , Alvarado-Gómez Julián D. , Drake Jeremy J. , Monsch Kristina , Fauth Puigdomenech Farah 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Exoplanets with short orbit periods reside very close to their host stars. They transition very rapidly between different sectors of the circumstellar space environment along their orbit, leading to large variations of the magnetic field in the vicinity of the planet on short timescales. This rapid change of the magnetic flux through the conducting and resistive layer of the planetary upper atmosphere may drive currents that dissipate in the form of Joule heating (JH). Here, we estimate the amount of JH dissipation in the upper atmosphere of Trappist-1e, and two hypothetical planets orbiting the Sun in close-in orbits. We find that the rapid orbital motion could drive a significant amount of atmospheric heating and could significantly affect the planetary atmosphere escape rate. Thus, the process should be accounted for when studying the long-term evolution of exoplanetary atmospheres.
Éthiques inclusives en éducation
Authors: Chi Hsin-ping , Derivry Martine 
Published: February 2024

Cet article explore les dimensions culturelles et interculturelles de la pédagogie des échanges (Chi et Derivry-Plard, 2010) à travers les notions de « médiations », d’« inclusion » et de « tâches ». En 2019, des étudiants de master de l’Université de Bordeaux et les étudiants taïwanais de français de l’Université de Fu Jen ont participé à une télécollaboration interculturelle. À travers l’analyse des tâches co-produites par les étudiants et l’enquête qualitative (dix entretiens auprès des étudiants taïwanais), nous constatons que ce type de pédagogie soutient un curriculum plurilingue en langues et cultures (Derivry-Plard, 2019), et participe à l’inclusion éducative à un niveau international en prenant en compte la diversité des apprenants, des enseignants et des institutions. De tels dispositifs interculturels construisent une dynamique et une éthique de la communication interculturelle qu’elle se fasse en français ou en toute autre langue.
Éthiques inclusives en éducation
Authors: Yves Anjard Jean 
Published: February 2024

Le concept d’inclusion a permis depuis son apparition une évolution des discours et des pratiques grâce au développement d’un nouveau paradigme. Ainsi, il s’agit de rendre accessible aux étudiants en situation de handicap (ESH) l’environnement d’étude pour répondre à leurs besoins d’apprentissage, que ce soit au niveau des locaux ou des savoirs enseignés. Les professionnels qui interviennent dans le champ de l’éducation et de la formation ont donc une responsabilité envers chaque élève ou étudiant mais aussi d’un point de vue sociétal en contribuant à favoriser la cohésion sociale. Dès lors, une véritable éthique professionnelle s’est développée pour répondre aux demandes d’accès à l’éducation pour tous. Elle est liée aujourd’hui à une véritable exigence d’amélioration continue des pratiques pour répondre aux besoins des étudiants en situation de handicap dans les situations d’interaction avec les enseignants et le milieu d’étude. Mais l’inclusion est-elle pour autant morale ?
Ramses 2024
Authors: Péria-Peigné Léo , Tenenbaum Élie 
Published: February 2024

La guerre d’Ukraine entre dans sa cinquième phase – après l’attaque, le repli russe, la contre-offensive ukrainienne, puis la stabilisation des fronts. L’état des forces, de leurs matériels, de leur moral, rend difficile la prévision des effets de l’offensive ukrainienne lancée en juin 2023. Elle est pourtant essentielle, et de ses résultats militaires dépendra l’avenir de la guerre : un changement fondamental sur le terrain, ou un gel aux conséquences politiques mal calculables.
Ramses 2024
Authors: Kastouéva-Jean Tatiana 
Published: February 2024

En ordre dispersé, les États post-soviétiques de l’espace eurasiatique ont prudemment réagi à la guerre déclenchée par la Russie : pour la plupart en défendant la souveraineté de l’Ukraine sans rupture avec Moscou. Les intérêts croisés sont trop grands pour que s’expriment des choix tranchés. On n’en assiste pas moins à diverses prises de distance, qui limiteront sans doute l’avenir des organisations régionales contrôlées par Moscou, ouvrant la voie à l’engagement dans la région d’autres puissances.
Ramses 2024
Authors: Saint-Mézard Isabelle 
Published: February 2024

Avec sa présidence du G20 et de l’Organisation de coopération de Shanghai, New Delhi s’affirme comme puissance à l’international : à la fois comme interprète du « Sud global », comme militant pour la réforme des organes multilatéraux, et dans un processus constant de rapprochement avec Washington et les organisations occidentales. Mais le lien avec Moscou demeure, et les choix diplomatiques restent largement dictés par les considérations de politique intérieure.
Ramses 2024
Authors: Schlimmer Sina 
Published: February 2024

Les votes des pays africains face aux résolutions de l’ONU condamnant l’agression russe en Ukraine sont analysés en Occident en termes idéologiques. C’est une erreur : dans un monde multipolaire, les pays d’Afrique s’émancipent des tutelles traditionnelles, choisissant désormais leurs partenariats en fonction de leurs intérêts.
La justice des années sombres
Authors: Salas Denis 
Published: February 2024

L’histoire judiciaire de Vichy se lit à deux niveaux dont l’un fait écho à l’autre : d’un côté, une législation d’exclusion mise en œuvre par des juridictions d’exception et, de l’autre, la purge dans les professions (magistrature et barreaux) chargées de l’accomplir.
La Grèce, laboratoire de la politique européenne d’asile
Authors: Gkegka Maria 
Published: February 2024

Dans le contexte de la « crise de l’asile » survenue en Grèce au tournant des années 2015-2016, les autorités européennes ont préconisé, pour y faire face, l’adoption de mesures temporaires et dérogatoires qui se sont signalées par leur dimension restrictive pour les droits et libertés et l’État de droit. Depuis, ces mesures se pérennisent pourtant et tendent à se généraliser à l’échelle de l’Union. À cette aune, le cadre hellénique peut se concevoir comme un laboratoire pour la politique européenne d’asile, phénomène qu’il importe d’éclairer dans ses manifestations et ses incidences.
Fish Uses CTLA-4 Immune Checkpoint to Suppress mTORC1-Controlled T-Cell Glycolysis and Immunity
Authors: Zhang Jiansong , Wei Xiumei , Zhang Qian , Jiao Xinying , Li Kang , Geng Ming , Cao Yi , Wang Ding , Cheng Jie , Yang Jialong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
As an immune checkpoint, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) suppresses the activation, proliferation, and effector function of T cells, thus preventing an overexuberant response and maintaining immune homeostasis. However, whether and how this immune checkpoint functions in early vertebrates remains unknown. In the current study, using a Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) model, we investigated the suppression of T cell response by CTLA-4 in bony fish. Tilapia CTLA-4 is constitutively expressed in lymphoid tissues, and its mRNA and protein expression in lymphocytes are upregulated following PHA stimulation or Edwardsiella piscicida infection. Blockade of CTLA-4 signaling enhanced T cell activation and proliferation but inhibited activation-induced T cell apoptosis, indicating that CTLA-4 negatively regulated T cell activation. In addition, blocking CTLA-4 signaling in vivo increased the differentiation potential and cytotoxicity of T cells, resulting in an enhanced T cell response during E. piscicida infection. Tilapia CTLA-4 competitively bound the B7.2/CD86 molecule with CD28, thus antagonizing the CD28-mediated costimulatory signal of T cell activation. Furthermore, inhibition of mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling, c-Myc, or glycolysis markedly impaired the CTLA-4 blockade-enhanced T cell response, suggesting that CTLA-4 suppressed the T cell response of tilapia by inhibiting mTORC1/c-Myc axis–controlled glycolysis. Overall, the findings indicate a detailed mechanism by which CTLA-4 suppresses T cell immunity in tilapia; therefore, we propose that early vertebrates have evolved sophisticated mechanisms coupling immune checkpoints and metabolic reprogramming to avoid an overexuberant T cell response.
An In Vitro Comparative Study of the Push-out Bond Strengths of Various Endodontic Sealers to Radicular Dentin
Authors: El Sayed Mohamed Abdelaziz , Alderei Safiya Saeed 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:
The bond strength of an endodontic sealer to the root dentin is an important factor in maintaining the integrity of the root canal seal. The present study aimed to assess the push-out bond strength of three endodontic sealers used with the single-cone obturation technique.

Materials and Methods:
The root canals of 40 central maxillary incisors were instrumented using ProTaper Universal NiTi rotary files. The roots were divided into 4 groups (N = 10) according to the type of root canal sealers: Group 1 (control group): AH Plus/Gutta-percha lateral condensation technique (LC); Group 2: AH Plus/Gutta-percha single-cone technique (SC); Group 3: GuttaFlow 2/SC; Group 4: Realseal SE/SC. After obturation, each tooth was prepared for push-out assessment. The total and sectional push-out bond strengths were measured and statistically analysed. Furthermore, failure modes were identified microscopically.

Results:
The results indicated that samples in the first group showed the highest total and sectional bond strengths. Samples from other groups showed statistically similar total bond strengths. The highest sectional bond strength was found mainly in the apical root sections. Cohesive failure was predominant for the first group, whereas adhesive failure was predominant in the other groups.

Conclusions:
It could be concluded that the dentin bond strengths of the tested sealers used with the single-cone technique were nearly similar but lower than those of AH Plus/LC. The highest sectional bond strength was observed in the apical thirds. The failure mode was mostly cohesive for AH Plus/LC and adhesive for sealers used with the single-cone obturation technique.
Giant cell collagenoma: Report of a rare tumor and review of literature
Authors: Behera Biswanath , Gochhait Debasis , Kumari Rashmi , Ayyanar Pavithra 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Giant cell collagenoma (GCC) is a rare benign dermal fibrous tumor. Although it has many clinicopathological differential diagnoses, it is often confused with cutaneous sclerotic fibroma/storiform collagenoma (SF/SC) and dermatofibroma. The following characteristic features point to GCC’s diagnosis over the latter: the presence of peculiar multinucleated giant cells, and vimentin positivity of both single and multinucleated giant cells on immunohistochemistry. Most of the reported cases have mentioned that GCC is a variant of SF/SC. We report a rare case of GCC presenting as a slow-growing solitary firm nodule over the right ankle. To the best of our knowledge, only less than ten cases have been reported, including the index case. We have also reviewed the clinicopathological features of those cases and discussed the approach to the diagnosis.
Primary mucinous adenocarcinoma of the ureter and renal pelvis: A case report
Authors: Namshiker Aparna A. N. , Kudchadker Amala J. , Pinto R. G. Wiseman 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Primary adenocarcinoma rarely occurs in the upper urinary tract and accounts for less than 1% of the urothelial tumors. Here we present a case report of a 45-year-old female patient who presented with a lump in the abdomen and pain in the right lumbar region for 2 months. Various radiological investigations revealed right-sided hydronephrosis with enhancing masses in the right proximal ureter and renal pelvis associated with multiple calculi. A gross examination of the right nephrectomy specimen revealed multiple cystic areas filled with mucinous material and papillary projections in the renal pelvis. A necrotic growth was observed in the right proximal ureter in association with the staghorn calculus in the renal pelvis. Histological examination of the ureteric mass and solid areas from the renal pelvis showed acini and papillary projections lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium showing malignant changes. Surrounding areas also revealed intestinal metaplasia with moderate to marked dysplasia in some places. The ureteric malignancy was observed to infiltrate the inner two-thirds of the wall of the ureteric muscular layer and extend until the margin of excision. Thus, a diagnosis of mucinous adenocarcinoma of the ureter and renal pelvis with intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia that occurred in association with a large staghorn calculus was made.
Immunohistochemical expression of H3.3 G34W in 100 giant cell tumors of bone and its diagnostic mimics, including its value in resolving uncommon diagnostic scenarios: A single institutional study at a tertiary cancer referral center, India
Authors: Rekhi Bharat , Dave Vinayak , Butle Ashwin , Dharavath Bhasker , Khetale Sonali , Redhu Archana K. , Singh Rudransh , Dutt Amit 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
There can be a diagnostic challenge in differentiating giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) from its mimics. Lately, histone H3F3A (Histone 3.3) G34W has been identified as a promising immunohistochemical marker.

Aims:
This study was aimed at evaluating H3.3 G34W immunostaining in 100 GCTBs, including its value in resolving diagnostic dilemmas.

Materials and Methods:
Immunohistochemical staining for H3.3 G34W was graded in terms of staining intensity (1+ to 3+) and the percentage of tumor cells showing crisp nuclear staining.

Results:
One hundred GCTBs occurred in 58 males and 42 females (M: F ratio = 1.3), of 7-66 years age (average = 31.3, median = 28), commonly in distal femur (26), followed by proximal tibia (17), distal radius (12), proximal humerus (7), metacarpals (7), sacrum (6), proximal fibula (6), and relatively unusual sites (19), including a single multicentric case. Out of 92 GCTBs, wherein H3.3 G34W immunostaining worked, 81 (88.1%) showed positive staining in the mononuclear cells, including tumors with fibrous histiocytoma-like areas, sparing osteoclast-like giant cells, with 3+ staining intensity in 65/81 (80%) tumors. All 7/7 (100%) malignant GCTBs showed positive staining, including the pleomorphic/sarcomatous cells. All 7/7 (100%) metastatic GCTBs showed positive immunostaining. Seven out of 10 post-denosumab treated GCTBs showed positive H3.3 G34W immunostaining in the residual mononuclear cells. None of the other 37 “giant cell-rich” lesions displayed H3.3 G34W immunostaining. Four of 9 GCTBs tested for H3.3 G34W mutation showed positive results.

Conclusions:
The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of H3.3 G34W for GCTB were 88.1% and 100%, respectively. This constitutes one of the first reports from our country, further validating the diagnostic value of H3.3 G34W in differentiating GCTB, including metastatic and malignant forms from its mimics, including small biopsy samples. Its value in various diagnostic dilemmas is presented and utility in identifying residual tumor cells in post-denosumab treated GCTBs is worth exploring.
Histomorphometric and molecular characterization of stromal and mineralized components in fibro-osseous lesions
Authors: Grover Himani , Gulati Nikita , Juneja Saurabh , Shetty Devi Charan 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Indistinct and analogous histopathological features of various fibro-osseous lesions make establishing a definitive diagnosis a challenge. There is a need for additional molecular and histochemical tools to support and differentiate these lesions in order to establish a concrete diagnosis.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective analysis of biopsied lesions in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections (10 cases each of fibrous dysplasia, ossifying fibroma, and cement-osseous dysplasia) retrieved from the archives was studied for immunoexpression of osteocalcin (quantitative analysis in osteocytes), collagen characterization using Azan, Picrosirus, and Toluidine blue stain for evaluating intensity and localization of collagen fibers, and morphometric analysis of vasculature (for evaluating mean vessel density as square microns).

Results:
Positive immunostaining of osteocalcin suggested mutations of the GNAS-1 gene found in fibrous dysplasia indirectly, as it is a negative regulator of bone formation. Osteocalcin immunopositivity was quantitatively measured in the fibro-osseous lesions, with fibrous dysplasia measuring 14.47 ± 3.628 as compared to ossifying fibroma measuring 5.23 ± 1.33, followed by cemento-osseous dysplasia measuring 2.30 ± 1.409. Toluidine blue suggests the presence of oxytalan fibers (resistant to acid hydrolysis) in ossifying fibroma and cemento-osseous dysplasia, pointing toward the pathogenesis of the lesion. Azan stain and Picrosirus (under a polarizing microscope) helped in distinguishing hard tissue characteristics (70% of cases of fibrous dysplasia showed only a magenta component followed by intermixed magenta with a blue component in 20% of cases and only 10% of cases showed magenta with blue borders whereas for ossifying fibroma, 40% of cases depicted magenta with blue borders along with the other 40% with intermixed magenta with blue component). The mean vessel density was also highest in fibrous dysplasia measuring 7.90 ± 1.079 (in Sq. micron area), followed by ossifying fibroma and cemento-osseous dysplasia.

Conclusion:
The diagnosis of fibro-osseous lesions by hematoxylin and eosin alone is confusing and thus should be supported by relatively simple histomorphometric analysis for better treatment outcomes. At the diagnostic stage of fibro-osseous lesions, evaluation of intralesional vessel size, reliable molecular marker, and histochemical nature can aid in differentiating fibrous dysplasia from central ossifying fibroma and cemento-osseous dysplasia alongside, other clinical, radiographic and pathological criteria. These parameters help in the diagnostic decision-making of fibro-osseous lesions.
Prevalence of childhood trauma in patients with psychiatric disorders and its association with perceived social support and suicide attempts: A cross-sectional observational study in a tertiary hospital in South India
Authors: Maheshwari Prerna , Jith Arya , Methala Sharon Paul , Mathew Kathleen Anne 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Adverse childhood experiences include exposure of children to physical abuse, physical neglect, emotional neglect, emotional abuse, and sexual abuse. Children exposed to severe maltreatment and trauma during their early childhood are at a higher risk of early onset of psychiatric disorders.

Aim:
To find the prevalence of childhood adverse experiences in psychiatric patients and its association with perceived social support and suicidal attempts.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the psychiatry outpatient department at a tertiary care hospital in Kerala. Patients with a diagnosis of substance use disorders, psychotic disorders, mood disorders, and neurotic disorders according to ICD-10 (F10-F45) and in remission were included in the study. Institutional Ethical Committee approval and informed consent from the participants were obtained. Socio-demographic and clinical details were obtained. Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form and Multidimensional scale of Perceived Social Support were administered. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square test were employed for data analysis.

Results:
Eighty-five per cent of the subjects had a history of at least one type of childhood trauma. Emotional abuse was the most commonly reported type of trauma. Among patients with childhood trauma, 47.2% reported high levels of perceived social support, whereas 18.5% individuals reported a history of at least one suicide attempt.

Conclusions:
A significant proportion of patients with psychiatric disorders in an Indian setting have experienced childhood trauma. Childhood trauma in psychiatric disorders is associated with a higher risk of attempting suicide.
Impact of subjective sleep quality on objective measures of neurocognitive dysfunction in patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Berdzenishvili Ekaterine , Roinishvili Maya , Okruashvili Mariam , Kenchadze Vaja , Chkonia Eka 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Sleep disturbances are prevalent in major depressive disorder (MDD). MDD and sleep disturbances are both linked to cognitive impairments. Studies exploring the mechanisms and impact of sleep disturbances on neurocognitive functioning in depressed patients are lacking and proper assessment and therapeutic interventions for sleep disturbances are not part of clinical management of MDD.

Aim:
We investigated the association between subjective sleep quality and neurocognitive dysfunction in patients with MDD.

Materials and Methods:
Patients with moderate MDD episode were matched and assigned to two groups with poor and good sleep quality. We used Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to assess sleep quality. To measure frontotemporally mediated cognitive functioning, following tests were administered: Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and degraded continuous performance test (CPT-DS). Two-tailed independent samples t tests or Mann–Whitney U tests and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were performed for the statistical analysis of sleep latency, sleep duration, overall sleep quality, CPT d’ value, WCST correct answers, errors, and perseverative errors.

Results:
Participants with MDD and poor sleep quality performed worse on cognitive tests compared to patients with MDD and good sleep quality. Scores of subjective sleep on PSQI positively correlated with WCST errors (r (60) =0.8883 P = .001) and negatively correlated with WCST correct answers (r (60) = -.869 P = .001) and measures of CPT-DS d’ value (r (60) = -.9355 P = .001).

Conclusions:
Poor sleep quality, notably sleep duration and sleep latency, worsens the neurocognitive impairments of MDD patients. As these impairments are found to be associated with treatment outcomes, sleep disturbances should be additionally assessed and treated in MDD episode.
QTc interval changes among patients on psychotropic medications: A prospective observational study
Authors: Munivenkatappa Shashidhara , Avula Vijaya Chandra Reddy , Upparakadiyala Rakesh 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Psychotropic medications are commonly prescribed for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Various studies have reported QT interval (QTc) prolongation with the use of psychotropics. However, some studies have found no significant risk of QTc changes with these medications.

Aim:
To assess the effect of psychotropics on QTc in drug-naive psychiatric patients.

Materials and Methods:
Our study was a prospective observational study, conducted at a tertiary care hospital. Patients aged 18–45 years, drug-naïve, with no medical comorbidity or substance use history, were recruited for the study. ECG to assess QTc was recorded at baseline, second and fourth week after the starting of psychotropic medications.

Results:
N =8 (4%) patients had QTc prolongation at baseline and were excluded. No clinically significant QTc prolongation was noticed, after 2 weeks and 4 weeks of treatment with any of the psychotropic medications. However, among patients on escitalopram, a significant effect on QTc was noted (P = 0.001) as compared to those on sertraline, risperidone, and olanzapine (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
The short-term risk of QTc prolongation with the use of newer psychotropics at optimal doses appears low among young patients with normal baseline QTc and no significant medical or substance use comorbidity.