bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some torsion-free solvable groups with few subquotients
Authors: LE BOUDEC ADRIEN , MATTE BON NICOLÁS 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe construct finitely generated torsion-free solvable groups G that have infinite rank, but such that all finitely generated torsion-free metabelian subquotients of G are virtually abelian. In particular all finitely generated metabelian subgroups of G are virtually abelian. The existence of such groups shows that there is no “torsion-free version” of P. Kropholler’s theorem, which characterises solvable groups of infinite rank via their metabelian subquotients.
Grammatical and lexical sources of allomorphy in Amuzgo inflectional tone
Authors: Kim Yuni 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAmuzgo (Otomanguean: Mexico) has a large inventory of lexically arbitrary tonal inflection classes in person/number paradigms, where inflectional tones overwrite the root's lexical tone. In causatives, however, inflectional tones are predictable from phonological properties of the root, primarily lexical tone. The inertness of root inflection classes in causatives is argued to follow from cyclicity: once the causative Voice head triggers spell-out, lexical inflection-class specifications are no longer visible, and only phonological information can condition allomorphy in the outer domain of person/number agreement. The grammatical behaviour of inflectional tone thus reflects its structural morphosyntactic position, as distinct from its linear phonological one. I distinguish between several possible analyses of phonologically conditioned tonal-overwriting allomorphy, and propose that the Amuzgo case involves constraint-mediated competition among a priority-ranked list of allomorphs in the input, rather than creation of tonal allomorph candidates purely within the phonology or subcategorisation frames in the lexical representations of allomorphs.
Normalization by evaluation for modal dependent type theory
Authors: HU JASON Z. S. , JANG JUNYOUNG , PIENTKA BRIGITTE 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We present the Kripke-style modal type theory, Mint, which combines dependent types and the necessity modality. It extends the Kripke-style modal lambda-calculus by Pfenning and Davies to the full Martin-Löf type theory. As such it encompasses dependently typed variants of system K, T, K4, and S4. Further, Mint seamlessly supports a full universe hierarchy, usual inductive types, and large eliminations. In this paper, we give a modular sound and complete normalization-by-evaluation (NbE) proof for Mint based on an untyped domain model, which applies to all four aforementioned modal systems without modification. This NbE proof yields a normalization algorithm for Mint, which can be directly implemented. To further strengthen our results, our models and the NbE proof are fully mechanized in Agda and we extract a Haskell implementation of our NbE algorithm from it.
Intersecting families without unique shadow
Authors: Frankl Peter , Wang Jian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLet
$\mathcal{F}$
be an intersecting family. A
$(k-1)$
-set
$E$
is called a unique shadow if it is contained in exactly one member of
$\mathcal{F}$
. Let
${\mathcal{A}}=\{A\in \binom{[n]}{k}\colon |A\cap \{1,2,3\}|\geq 2\}$
. In the present paper, we show that for
$n\geq 28k$
,
$\mathcal{A}$
is the unique family attaining the maximum size among all intersecting families without unique shadow. Several other results of a similar flavour are established as well.
The Vulnerable (M)other and the Autonomous Legal Subject: Rethinking Vulnerability in Criminal Law
Authors: Singh Sarah 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this article I apply Fineman’s vulnerability thesis to explore the ways in which vulnerability is constructed and mobilised in a criminal law context. Using a ‘failure-to-protect’ offence as a case study reveals contemporary constructs of vulnerability as both a problem to be solved and gendered. Constructing women as pathologically vulnerable allows the state and its institutions to downplay the situational vulnerability of women, evading responsibility for tackling VAWG. Responsibilising women to manage risks to children posed by male violence requires that women undertake ‘safety work’, rendering them vulnerable to both moral and legal sanction if not performed adequately. Replacing the autonomous subject with the relationally vulnerable subject generates new understandings of the ways entwining femininity and vulnerability shores up the (male-coded) autonomous legal subject. Moreover, reconceiving vulnerability as universal reveals the potential of the vulnerable subject for a more inclusive criminal subject who is both embedded and embodied.
Global Compilation of Deep Mantle Anisotropy Observations and Possible Correlation With Low Velocity Provinces
Authors: Wolf Jonathan , Long Maureen D. , Li Mingming , Garnero Edward 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe compile and make publicly available a global digital database of body wave observations of seismic anisotropy in the D′′ layer, grouped using the method used to analyze deep mantle anisotropy. Using this database, we examine the global distribution of seismic anisotropy in the D′′ layer, evaluating the question of whether seismic anisotropy is more likely to be located at the edges of the two large‐low velocity provinces (LLVPs) in Earth's mantle than elsewhere. We show that this hypothesis lacks statistical justification if we consider previously observed lowermost mantle anisotropy, although there are multiple factors that are difficult to account for quantitatively. One such factor is the global lowermost mantle ray coverage for different phases that are commonly used to detect deep mantle anisotropy in shear wave splitting studies. We find that the global ray coverage of the relevant seismic phases is highly uneven, with LLVP edges and their interiors less well‐sampled than the global average.
Crotonylated BEX2 interacts with NDP52 and enhances mitophagy to modulate chemotherapeutic agent-induced apoptosis in non-small-cell lung cancer cells
Authors: Mu Ning , Wang Yu , Li Xiaopeng , Du Zhiyuan , Wu Yingdi , Su Min , Wang Yingying , Sun Xiaoyang , Su Ling , Liu Xiangguo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBrain expressed X-linked gene 2 (BEX2) encoded protein was originally identified to promote transcription by interacting with several transcription factors in the DNA–binding complexes. Recently, BEX2 was found to be localized in cytosol and/or mitochondria and regulate apoptosis in cancer cells and tumor growth. However, the molecular mechanism underlying its roles in cancer cells remains unclear. Here, we report that crotonylated BEX2 plays an important role in inhibiting chemotherapeutic agent-induced apoptosis via enhancing mitophagy in human lung cancer cells. BEX2 promotes mitophagy by facilitating interaction between NDP52 and LC3B. Moreover, BEX2 crotonylation at K59 is critical in the BEX2-mediated mitophagy in lung cancer cells. The K59R mutation of BEX2 inhibits mitophagy by affecting the interaction of NDP52 and LC3B. BEX2 expression is elevated after anticancer drug treatment, and its overexpression inhibits chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. In addition, inhibition of BEX2-regulated mitophagy sensitizes tumor cells to apoptosis. Furthermore, BEX2 promotes tumor growth and inhibits apoptosis by regulating mitophagy in vivo. We also confirm that BEX2 is overexpressed in lung adenocarcinoma and is associated with poor prognosis in lymph node metastasis-free cancer. Therefore, combination treatment with pharmaceutical approaches targeting BEX2-induced mitophagy and anticancer drugs may represent a potential strategy for NSCLC therapy.
Neural mechanisms for the localization of unexpected external motion
Authors: Chinta Suma , Pluta Scott R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo localize objects during active sensing, animals must differentiate stimuli caused by volitional movement from real-world object motion. To determine a neural basis for this ability, we examined the mouse superior colliculus (SC), which contains multiple egocentric maps of sensorimotor space. By placing mice in a whisker-guided virtual reality, we discovered a rapidly adapting tactile response that transiently emerged during externally generated gains in whisker contact. Responses to self-generated touch that matched self-generated history were significantly attenuated, revealing that transient response magnitude is controlled by sensorimotor predictions. The magnitude of the transient response gradually decreased with repetitions in external motion, revealing a slow habituation based on external history. The direction of external motion was accurately encoded in the firing rates of transiently responsive neurons. These data reveal that whisker-specific adaptation and sensorimotor predictions in SC neurons enhance the localization of unexpected, externally generated changes in tactile space.
Ballistic transport spectroscopy of spin-orbit-coupled bands in monolayer graphene on WSe2
Authors: Rao Qing , Kang Wun-Hao , Xue Hongxia , Ye Ziqing , Feng Xuemeng , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Wang Ning , Liu Ming-Hao , Ki Dong-Keun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractVan der Waals interactions with transition metal dichalcogenides were shown to induce strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in graphene, offering great promises to combine large experimental flexibility of graphene with unique tuning capabilities of the SOC. Here, we probe SOC-driven band splitting and electron dynamics in graphene on WSe2 by measuring ballistic transverse magnetic focusing. We found a clear splitting in the first focusing peak whose evolution in charge density and magnetic field is well reproduced by calculations using the SOC strength of ~ 13 meV, and no splitting in the second peak that indicates stronger Rashba SOC. Possible suppression of electron-electron scatterings was found in temperature dependence measurement. Further, we found that Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations exhibit a weaker band splitting, suggesting that it probes different electron dynamics, calling for a new theory. Our study demonstrates an interesting possibility to exploit ballistic electron motion pronounced in graphene for emerging spin-orbitronics.
Multi-heme cytochrome-mediated extracellular electron transfer by the anaerobic methanotroph ‘Candidatus Methanoperedens nitroreducens’
Authors: Zhang Xueqin , Joyce Georgina H. , Leu Andy O. , Zhao Jing , Rabiee Hesamoddin , Virdis Bernardino , Tyson Gene W. , Yuan Zhiguo , McIlroy Simon J. , Hu Shihu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAnaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME) carry out anaerobic oxidation of methane, thus playing a crucial role in the methane cycle. Previous genomic evidence indicates that multi-heme c-type cytochromes (MHCs) may facilitate the extracellular electron transfer (EET) from ANME to different electron sinks. Here, we provide experimental evidence supporting cytochrome-mediated EET for the reduction of metals and electrodes by ‘Candidatus Methanoperedens nitroreducens’, an ANME acclimated to nitrate reduction. Ferrous iron-targeted fluorescent assays, metatranscriptomics, and single-cell imaging suggest that ‘Ca. M. nitroreducens’ uses surface-localized redox-active cytochromes for metal reduction. Electrochemical and Raman spectroscopic analyses also support the involvement of c-type cytochrome-mediated EET for electrode reduction. Furthermore, several genes encoding menaquinone cytochrome type-c oxidoreductases and extracellular MHCs are differentially expressed when different electron acceptors are used.
Inhibition of defect-induced α-to-δ phase transition for efficient and stable formamidinium perovskite solar cells
Authors: Chen Tian , Xie Jiangsheng , Wen Bin , Yin Qixin , Lin Ruohao , Zhu Shengcai , Gao Pingqi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDefects passivation is widely devoted to improving the performance of formamidinium lead triiodide perovskite solar cells; however, the effect of various defects on the α-phase stability is still unclear. Here, using density functional theory, we first reveal the degradation pathway of the formamidinium lead triiodide perovskite from α to δ phase and investigate the effect of various defects on the energy barrier of phase transition. The simulation results predict that iodine vacancies are most likely to trigger the degradation, since they obviously reduce the energy barrier of α-to-δ phase transition and have the lowest formation energies at the perovskite surface. A water-insoluble lead oxalate compact layer is introduced on the perovskite surface to largely suppress the α-phase collapse through hindering the iodine migration and volatilization. Furthermore, this strategy largely reduces the interfacial nonradiative recombination and boosts the efficiency of the solar cells to 25.39% (certified 24.92%). Unpackaged device can maintain 92% of its initial efficiency after operation at maximum power point under simulated air mass 1.5 G irradiation for 550 h.
Programmable nanocomposites of cellulose nanocrystals and zwitterionic hydrogels for soft robotics
Authors: Nasseri Rasool , Bouzari Negin , Huang Junting , Golzar Hossein , Jankhani Sarah , Tang Xiaowu , Mekonnen Tizazu H. , Aghakhani Amirreza , Shahsavan Hamed 
Published: September 2023

AbstractStimuli-responsive hydrogels have garnered significant attention as a versatile class of soft actuators. Introducing anisotropic properties, and shape-change programmability to responsive hydrogels promises a host of opportunities in the development of soft robots. Herein we report the synthesis of pH-responsive hydrogel nanocomposites with predetermined microstructural anisotropy, shape-transformation, and self-healing. Our hydrogel nanocomposites are largely composed of zwitterionic monomers and asymmetric cellulose nanocrystals. While the zwitterionic nature of the network imparts both self-healing and cytocompatibility to our hydrogel nanocomposites, the shear-induced alignment of cellulose nanocrystals renders their anisotropic swelling and mechanical properties. Thanks to the self-healing properties, we utilized a cut-and-paste approach to program reversible, and complex deformation into our hydrogels. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrated the transport of light cargo using tethered and untethered soft robots made from our hydrogels. We believe the proposed material system introduce a powerful toolbox for the development of future generations of biomedical soft robots.
Genomic insights into Bacillus subtilis MBB3B9 mediated aluminium stress mitigation for enhanced rice growth
Authors: Hazarika Dibya Jyoti , Bora Sudipta Sankar , Naorem Romen Singh , Sharma Darshana , Boro Robin Chandra , Barooah Madhumita 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAluminium (Al) toxicity in acid soil ecosystems is a major impediment to crop production as it drastically affects plant root growth, thereby acquisition of nutrients from the soil. Plant growth-promoting bacteria offers an interesting avenue for promoting plant growth under an Al-phytotoxic environment. Here, we report the plant growth-promoting activities of an acid-tolerant isolate of Bacillus subtilis that could ameliorate acid-induced Al-stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.). The whole genome sequence data identified the major genes and genetic pathways in B. subtilis MBB3B9, which contribute to the plant growth promotion in acidic pH. Genetic pathways for organic acid production, denitrification, urea metabolism, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production, and cytokinin biosynthesis were identified as major genetic machinery for plant growth promotion and mitigation of Al-stress in plants. The in-vitro analyses revealed the production of siderophores and organic acid production as primary mechanisms for mitigation of Al-toxicity. Other plant growth-promoting properties such as phosphate solubilization, zinc solubilization, and IAA production were also detected in significant levels. Pot experiments involving rice under acidic pH and elevated concentrations of aluminium chloride (AlCl3) suggested that soil treatment with bacterial isolate MBB3B9 could enhance plant growth and productivity compared to untreated plants. A significant increase in plant growth and productivity was recorded in terms of plant height, chlorophyll content, tiller number, panicle number, grain yield, root growth, and root biomass production.
Field- and concentration-dependent relaxation of magnetic nanoparticles and optimality conditions for magnetic fluid hyperthermia
Authors: Ilg Patrick , Kröger Martin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe field-dependent relaxation dynamics of suspended magnetic nanoparticles continues to present a fascinating topic of basic science that at the same time is highly relevant for several technological and biomedical applications. Renewed interest in the intriguing behavior of magnetic nanoparticles in response to external fields has at least in parts be driven by rapid advances in magnetic fluid hyperthermia research. Although a wealth of experimental, theoretical, and simulation studies have been performed in this field in recent years, several contradictory findings have so far prevented the emergence of a consistent picture. Here, we present a dynamic mean-field theory together with comprehensive computer simulations of a microscopic model system to systematically discuss the influence of several key parameters on the relaxation dynamics, such as steric and dipolar interactions, the external magnetic field strength and frequency, as well as the ratio of Brownian and Néel relaxation time. We also discuss the specific and intrinsic loss power as measures of the efficiency of magnetic fluid heating and discuss optimality conditions in terms of fluid and field parameters. Our results are helpful to reconcile contradictory findings in the literature and provide an important step towards a more consistent understanding. In addition, our findings also help to select experimental conditions that optimize magnetic fluid heating applications.
Effect of body position on peak expiratory flow during mechanical insufflation–exsufflation in people with cervical spinal cord injury: a pilot study
Authors: Hyun Sung Eun , Hwang Wonjae , Ji Hye Min , Shin Hyung-Ik 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis prospective pilot study investigated the influence of body position on peak cough flow (PCF) during mechanical insufflation–exsufflation (MI-E) treatment in people with tetraplegia. Fifteen participants with cervical spinal cord injury (C-SCI) were randomized into two groups, which differed in the starting position, that is, the patients were either supine or reclined. Four sessions of MI-E in alternating positions with each session comprising three different maneuvers: five voluntary coughs, five MI-E-assisted coughs, and five MI-E-assisted with manual thrusts were performed with continuous airflow measurement reporting PCF from every cough. PCF was associated with the application maneuvers, total insufflation volume (TIV), and interaction between position and maneuvers but not with the application position. The estimated mean PCF was 1.808, 3.529, and 3.925 L/s when supine and 1.672, 3.598, and 3.909 L/s when reclined from voluntary cough, MI-E, and MI-E with manual thrust, respectively. The estimated PCF change compared to voluntary cough was 1.721 (95% CI, 1.603–1.838) L/s from the combined MI-E and 2.116 (95% CI, 2.005–2.228) L/s from the MI-E with manual thrust, calculated from the linear mixed-model analysis. PCF moderately correlated with TIV (R2 = 0.64). Therefore, either position can be used for C-SCI patients as long as MI-E can be performed with manual thrust and sufficient TIV is provided.
Specific peptide conjugation to a therapeutic antibody leads to enhanced therapeutic potency and thermal stability by reduced Fc dynamics
Authors: Kiyoshi Masato , Nakakido Makoto , Rafique Abdur , Tada Minoru , Aoyama Michihiko , Terao Yosuke , Nagatoishi Satoru , Shibata Hiroko , Ide Teruhiko , Tsumoto Kouhei , Ito Yuji , Ishii-Watabe Akiko 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAntibody–drug conjugates are powerful tools for combatting a wide array of cancers. Drug conjugation to a therapeutic antibody often alters molecular characteristics, such as hydrophobicity and effector function, resulting in quality deterioration. To develop a drug conjugation methodology that maintains the molecular characteristics of the antibody, we engineered a specific peptide for conjugation to the Fc region. We used trastuzumab and the chelator (DOTA) as model antibody and payload, respectively. Interestingly, peptide/DOTA-conjugated trastuzumab exhibited enhanced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and increased thermal stability. Detailed structural and thermodynamic analysis clarified that the conjugated peptide blocks the Fc dynamics like a “wedge.” We revealed that (1) decreased molecular entropy results in enhanced ADCC, and (2) blockade of Fc denaturation results in increased thermal stability. Thus, we believe that our methodology is superior not only for drug conjugation but also as for reinforcing therapeutic antibodies to enhance ADCC and thermal stability.
Triglyceride glucose index as a predictor of mortality in middle-aged and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes in the US
Authors: Zhao Mengjie , Xiao Mengli , Tan Qin , Lu Fang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDespite a wealth of research linking the triglyceride glucose index (TyG index) to metabolic diseases. However, little evidence links the TyG index to all-cause or CVD mortality in middle-aged and elderly individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study analyzed data from 2998 patients with T2D who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 1999 and 2018. The TyG index and mortality in middle-aged and elderly T2D patients were investigated using Cox regression models. The nonlinear association between the TyG index and mortality can be understood with the help of a restricted cubic spline (RCS). During a median follow-up period of 82 months, 883 fatalities were observed from all causes and 265 from CVD. The TyG index was found to have a U-shaped relationship with all-cause and CVD mortality in T2D, with cutoffs of 8.95 and 9, respectively, according to the RCS. After controlling for other factors, an increase of 1 unit in the TyG index was related to an increase of 33% in all-cause mortality and 50% in CVD mortality when TyG was ≥ 8.95 and 9. When TyG < 8.95 and 9, with the change in the TyG index, the change in all-cause and CVD death was insignificant. Patients with T2D who are middle-aged or older, especially elderly patients, have higher TyG levels associated with increased mortality. In middle-aged and elderly patients with T2D, the TyG index may predict the probability of death from any cause and death from CVD.