bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The training of midwives to perform obstetric ultrasound scan in Africa for task shifting and extension of scope of practice: a scoping review
Authors: Lukhele Sanele , Mulaudzi Fhumulani Mavis , Sepeng Nombulelo , Netshisaulu Khathutshelo , Ngunyulu Roinah Nkhensani , Musie Maurine , Anokwuru Rafiat 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Ultrasound scan is one of the essential assessments that is crucial in the early identification of health risks during antenatal care. Its accessibility to women in low-and middle-income countries remains a serious challenge because ultrasound scans are not within the scope of practice for midwives. However, task shifting and extension of scope of practice aim to train midwives to assess pregnant women through an ultrasound scan. This paper aims to report the findings of a scoping review on the training of midwives to perform obstetric ultrasound scans in Africa.

Methods
The 6-step iterative framework for scoping reviews by Arksey and O’Malley was used to determine the extent of qualitative and quantitative evidence available on the training of midwives on obstetric ultrasound scans, which includes specifying the research question, identifying relevant studies, selecting studies, extracting and charting data, collating, summarising, and synthesising and reporting findings.

Results
A total of 12 articles from eight African countries were included in this scoping review. Three main themes and 13 sub-themes emerged and they are: obstetric ultrasound scan training, challenges experienced by midwives from task shifting and extension of scope of practice regarding obstetric ultrasound scan, and the value of task shifting and extension of scope of practice regarding obstetric ultrasound scan to midwives.

Discussion
Despite the available evidence that the training of midwives on obstetric ultrasound scans is essential to ensure the accessibility of quality antenatal health services, the training of midwives on obstetric ultrasound scans in some African countries remains a serious challenge. It is evident from this scoping review results that there is a need for African countries to incorporate obstetric ultrasound scans as part of the scope of practice of midwives. Task shifting necessitates prioritising the training of midwives on the use of obstetric ultrasound scans as one of the steps towards the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal number 3 targets by 2030.
Human ACE2 protein is a molecular switch controlling the mode of SARS-CoV-2 transmission
Authors: Yang Chao-Fu , Liao Chun-Che , Hsu Hung-Wei , Liang Jian-Jong , Chang Chih-Shin , Ko Hui-Ying , Chang Rue-Hsin , Tang Wei-Chun , Chang Ming-Hao , Wang I-Hsuan , Lin Yi-Ling 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) is the receptor mediating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. hACE2 expression is low in the lungs and is upregulated after SARS-CoV-2 infection. How such a hACE2-limited pulmonary environment supports efficient virus transmission and how dynamic hACE2 expression affects SARS-CoV-2 infection are unclear.

Methods
We generated stable cell lines with different expression levels of hACE2 to evaluate how the hACE2 expression level can affect SARS-CoV-2 transmission.

Results
We demonstrated that the hACE2 expression level controls the mode of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. The hACE2-limited cells have an advantage for SARS-CoV-2 shedding, which leads to cell-free transmission. By contrast, enhanced hACE2 expression facilitates the SARS-CoV-2 cell-to-cell transmission. Furthermore, this cell-to-cell transmission is likely facilitated by hACE2-containing vesicles, which accommodate numerous SARS-CoV-2 virions and transport them to neighboring cells through intercellular extensions.

Conclusions
This hACE2-mediated switch between cell-free and cell-to-cell transmission routes provides SARS-CoV-2 with advantages for either viral spread or evasion of humoral immunity, thereby contributing to the COVID-19 pandemic and pathogenesis.
How do the year’s seasons and specific weather indices affect physical activity and the patterns of use of public open spaces in the Brazilian context?
Authors: Rech Cassiano Ricardo , Godtsfriedt Carla Elane Silva , Arins Gabriel Claudino Budal , de Zorzi Viviane Nogueira , Pazin Joris , Hino Adriano Akira Ferreira , Lopes Adalberto Aparecido dos Santos 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Public open spaces (POS) can offer various resources to promote visitation and engagement in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). However, the influence of seasonal variations and specific meteorological conditions on this relationship remains unclear. Thus, this study aims to investigate the effect of seasonal variations and specific meteorological elements on different days of the week and times of day on POS use and POS-based MVPA in the Brazilian context.

Methods
In 2018, repeated measurements carried out in Southern Brazil used a systematic observation to identify the presence of users in the POS and their engagement in MVPA. The meteorological elements (temperature, thermal sensation, and relative humidity), as well as seasonality (summer, autumn, winter, and spring), were aggregated into the observations.

Results
A total of 19,712 systematic observations were conducted across nine POS. During these observations, a total of 59,354 users were identified. Out of theses, 39,153 (66.0%) were engaged in POS-based MVPA. The presence of users was found to be more frequent during the spring season (38.7%) and on weekends (ranging from 37.6 to 50.1% across seasons). Additionally, user presence was higher in the late afternoon (ranging from 36.4 to 58.2% across seasons) and at higher temperatures with lower relative humidity (p-value < 0.001). Regarding POS-based MVPA, it was more frequent during the winter season (36.4%) and on weekdays (ranging from 73.2 to 79.9% across seasons). Similarly, MVPA was higher in the late afternoon (ranging from 58.3 to 67.5% across seasons) and at lower temperatures and thermal sensations (p-value < 0.005).

Conclusions
Higher presence of users in POS, as well as their visiting, to practice POS-based MVPA, depending on the seasons and specific meteorological elements. By creating infrastructure and conducive conditions, cities can encourage individuals to adopt more active and healthy behaviors. These findings emphasize the importance of designing urban spaces that promote physical activity and contribute to overall well-being.
Biological characterization of coronavirus noncanonical transcripts in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Lin Ching-Hung , Chen BoJia , Chao Day-Yu , Hsieh Feng-Cheng , Lai Chien-Chen , Wang Wei-Chen , Kuo Cheng-Yu , Yang Chun-Chun , Hsu Hsuan-Wei , Tam Hon-Man-Herman , Wu Hung-Yi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
In addition to the well-known coronavirus genomes and subgenomic mRNAs, the existence of other coronavirus RNA species, which are collectively referred to as noncanonical transcripts, has been suggested; however, their biological characteristics have not yet been experimentally validated in vitro and in vivo.

Methods
To comprehensively determine the amounts, species and structures of noncanonical transcripts for bovine coronavirus in HRT-18 cells and mouse hepatitis virus A59, a mouse coronavirus, in mouse L cells and mice, nanopore direct RNA sequencing was employed. To experimentally validate the synthesis of noncanonical transcripts under regular infection, Northern blotting was performed. Both Northern blotting and nanopore direct RNA sequencing were also applied to examine the reproducibility of noncanonical transcripts. In addition, Northern blotting was also employed to determine the regulatory features of noncanonical transcripts under different infection conditions, including different cells, multiplicities of infection (MOIs) and coronavirus strains.

Results
In the current study, we (i) experimentally determined that coronavirus noncanonical transcripts were abundantly synthesized, (ii) classified the noncanonical transcripts into seven populations based on their structures and potential synthesis mechanisms, (iii) showed that the species and amounts of the noncanonical transcripts were reproducible during regular infection but regulated in altered infection environments, (iv) revealed that coronaviruses may employ various mechanisms to synthesize noncanonical transcripts, and (v) found that the biological characteristics of coronavirus noncanonical transcripts were similar between in vitro and in vivo conditions.

Conclusions
The biological characteristics of noncanonical coronavirus transcripts were experimentally validated for the first time. The identified features of noncanonical transcripts in terms of abundance, reproducibility and variety extend the current model for coronavirus gene expression. The capability of coronaviruses to regulate the species and amounts of noncanonical transcripts may contribute to the pathogenesis of coronaviruses during infection, posing potential challenges in disease control. Thus, the biology of noncanonical transcripts both in vitro and in vivo revealed here can provide a database for biological research, contributing to the development of antiviral strategies.
Surviving the nonsurvivable combination of a mycotic aneurysm progressing into a concomitant aorto-bronchial- and aorto-esophageal fistula, a case report
Authors: Somers Tim , Klarenbeek Bastiaan R. , Kouijzer Ilse J.E. , Verhagen Ad F.T.M. , Verkroost Michel W.A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Aortic mycotic aneurysms are a rare but life-threatening condition and may be associated with aorto-bronchial- and aorto-esophageal fistulas. Although both very rare, they carry a high mortality and require (urgent) surgical intervention. Surviving all three conditions concomitantly is extraordinary. We describe a patient who underwent staged repair of such combined defects.
The prevalence of lynch syndrome (DNA mismatch repair protein deficiency) in patients with primary localized prostate cancer using immunohistochemistry screening
Authors: Oka Suguru , Urakami Shinji , Hagiwara Kiichi , Hayashida Michikata , Sakaguchi Kazushige , Miura Yuji , Inoshita Naoko , Arai Masami 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Prostate cancer is one of the most heritable human cancers. Lynch syndrome is an autosomal dominant inheritance caused by germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes, which are also associated with an increased incidence of prostate cancer. However, prostate cancer has not been defined as a Lynch syndrome-associated cancer. The proportion of Lynch syndrome patients in primary prostate cancers is unclear. In this study, we investigated MMR protein loss using universal immunohistochemical screening to determine the prevalence of Lynch syndrome in patients with localized prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy.

Methods
One hundred twenty-nine surgical specimens from radical prostatectomy performed at Toranomon Hospital between 2012 and 2015 were retrospectively tested using universal screening with immunohistochemistry staining for expression of the MMR proteins MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, and MSH6. For all suspected MMR-deficient patients, germline genetic tests focusing on MMR genes were performed.

Results
MMR protein loss was found in only one patient (0.8%) who showed dual MSH2/MSH6 loss. This patient showed a single nucleotide pathogenic germline mutation from c.1129 C to T (p.Gln377*) at exon 7 in the MSH2 gene. He was diagnosed with a primary prostate cancer at 66 years of age. He had a documented history of Lynch syndrome (Muir–Torre syndrome) with previous colon cancer, sebaceous tumor, and keratoacanthoma as well as subsequent bladder cancer, all of which also showed dual MSH2/MSH6 loss. He also had a strong family history of colorectal and other Lynch syndrome-associated cancers. The pathological stage was pT3aN0M0, and the pathological grade was Gleason 7(4 + 3) with tertiary pattern 5.

Conclusions
In this study, immunohistochemical screening of MMR proteins for Lynch syndrome was performed in a series of prostate cancer cases. The prevalence of Lynch syndrome in localized prostate cancer was 0.8%, which is low compared with other Lynch syndrome-associated cancers.
Cancer origin tracing and timing in two high-risk prostate cancers using multisample whole genome analysis: prospects for personalized medicine
Authors: Nurminen Anssi , Jaatinen Serafiina , Taavitsainen Sinja , Högnäs Gunilla , Lesluyes Tom , Ansari-Pour Naser , Tolonen Teemu , Haase Kerstin , Koskenalho Antti , Kankainen Matti , Jasu Juho , Rauhala Hanna , Kesäniemi Jenni , Nikupaavola Tiia , Kujala Paula , Rinta-Kiikka Irina , Riikonen Jarno , Kaipia Antti , Murtola Teemu , Tammela Teuvo L. , Visakorpi Tapio , Nykter Matti , Wedge David C. , Van Loo Peter , Bova G. Steven 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Prostate cancer (PrCa) genomic heterogeneity causes resistance to therapies such as androgen deprivation. Such heterogeneity can be deciphered in the context of evolutionary principles, but current clinical trials do not include evolution as an essential feature. Whether or not analysis of genomic data in an evolutionary context in primary prostate cancer can provide unique added value in the research and clinical domains remains an open question.

Methods
We used novel processing techniques to obtain whole genome data together with 3D anatomic and histomorphologic analysis in two men (GP5 and GP12) with high-risk PrCa undergoing radical prostatectomy. A total of 22 whole genome-sequenced sites (16 primary cancer foci and 6 lymph node metastatic) were analyzed using evolutionary reconstruction tools and spatio-evolutionary models. Probability models were used to trace spatial and chronological origins of the primary tumor and metastases, chart their genetic drivers, and distinguish metastatic and non-metastatic subclones.

Results
In patient GP5, CDK12 inactivation was among the first mutations, leading to a PrCa tandem duplicator phenotype and initiating the cancer around age 50, followed by rapid cancer evolution after age 57, and metastasis around age 59, 5 years prior to prostatectomy. In patient GP12, accelerated cancer progression was detected after age 54, and metastasis occurred around age 56, 3 years prior to prostatectomy. Multiple metastasis-originating events were identified in each patient and tracked anatomically. Metastasis from prostate to lymph nodes occurred strictly ipsilaterally in all 12 detected events. In this pilot, metastatic subclone content analysis appears to substantially enhance the identification of key drivers. Evolutionary analysis’ potential impact on therapy selection appears positive in these pilot cases.

Conclusions
PrCa evolutionary analysis allows tracking of anatomic site of origin, timing of cancer origin and spread, and distinction of metastatic-capable from non-metastatic subclones. This enables better identification of actionable targets for therapy. If extended to larger cohorts, it appears likely that similar analyses could add substantial biological insight and clinically relevant value.
Anorexia nervosa during COVID-19: loss of personal control and alexithymia as important contributors to symptomatology in adolescent girls
Authors: Jarvers Irina , Ecker Angelika , Schleicher Daniel , Kandsperger Stephanie , Otto Alexandra , Brunner Romuald 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, a steady increase in adolescent anorexia nervosa admissions has been observed. Contributing factors may have been uncontrollable changes in school attendance due to lockdowns and social restrictions. However, patients’ reports on the impact of these factors have not been assessed in detail as of yet. Furthermore, alexithymia, the difficulty to identify and describe one’s own emotions, has increased during the pandemic and is known to be heightened in eating disorders. Thus, it may have contributed to symptom severity in anorexia nervosa during the pandemic.MethodsThe present study examined pandemic-related changes in social media use, body satisfaction, and perceived loss of control and their impact on depressive, anxious, and eating disorder symptomatology in a sample of adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa (n = 29) and healthy controls (n = 23). Additionally, the influence of current alexithymia as a cross-diagnostic risk factor was assessed. Adolescents answered questionnaires once shortly after admission to inpatient, outpatient, or daycare treatment.ResultsAn increase in perceived loss of control during the pandemic and heightened alexithymia explained a significant portion of variance in present depressive symptomatology, which in turn contributed to eating disorder symptomatology.ConclusionsThese relationships emphasize alexithymia and perceived loss of control as valuable constructs for early screenings and interventions.
Effects of cell phone presence on the control of visual attention during the Navon task
Authors: Liu Wenjuan , Kawashima Tomoya , Shinohara Kazumitsu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Although cell phones can provide great convenience to our lives, research has shown that they can also affect our behavior, even when not in use. It seems that having a cell phone nearby may not be ideal when the user needs to concentrate on work. However, little is known about whether cell phone presence specifically impairs attentional control.

Methods
This study investigated whether cell phone presence can influence attentional control in the Navon task, which involves spatial switching of attention between global and local levels.

Results
It was found that the reaction time for all types of trials decreased when the participants had a cell phone nearby compared to when they had a mobile battery nearby. It was also found that phone dependency led to more incorrect responses among participants, but this effect was independent of the influence of phone presence on the Navon task performance.

Conclusions
These findings indicate that cell phone presence may have a positive influence on the perceptual process of the Navon letter, suggesting that the effects of phone presence are not always negative. One implication provided by this study is that it is possible to challenge the assertion that cell phones should always be excluded from the workplace by highlighting the positive effects of their presence.
The effectiveness and user experience of a biofeedback intervention program for stress management supported by virtual reality and mobile technology: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Kerr Jasmine I. , Weibel Raphael P. , Naegelin Mara , Ferrario Andrea , Schinazi Victor R. , La Marca Roberto , Hoelscher Christoph , Nater Urs M. , von Wangenheim Florian 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Heart rate variability biofeedback (HRV-BF) can be used for stress management. Recent feasibility studies suggest that delivering HRV-BF in virtual reality (VR) is associated with better user experience (UX) and might yield more beneficial changes in HRV than two-dimensional screens. The effectiveness of a VR-supported HRV-BF intervention program has, however, not been investigated yet.

Methods
In this study, 87 healthy women and men were assigned to a VR-supported HRV-BF intervention (INT; $$n=44$$

n
=
44

) or a wait-list control (WLC; $$n=43$$

n
=
43

) group. The INT came to the lab for four weekly HRV-BF sessions in VR using a head-mounted display. Between lab sessions, participants were asked to perform breathing exercises without biofeedback supported by a mobile application. Stress-related psychological and psychophysiological outcomes were assessed pre- and post-intervention and at a follow-up four weeks after the intervention in both groups. A psychosocial stress test was conducted post-intervention to investigate changes in stress reactivity. UX was assessed after each HRV-BF session in the INT.

Results
Analysis revealed that LF increased significantly from pre- to post-, whereas pNN50 increased and chronic stress decreased significantly from pre-intervention to follow-up in the INT compared to the WLC. Anxiety and mental fatigue decreased significantly, while mindfulness and health-related quality of life increased significantly from pre- to post- and from pre-intervention to follow-up in the INT compared to the WLC (all small effects). The two groups did not differ in their stress reactivity post-intervention. As for UX in the INT, the degree of feeling autonomous concerning technology adoption significantly decreased over time. Competence, involvement, and immersion, however, increased significantly from the first to the last HRV-BF session, while hedonic motivation significantly peaked in the second session and then gradually returned to first-session levels.

Conclusions
This HRV-BF intervention program, supported by VR and mobile technology, was able to significantly improve stress indicators and stress-related symptoms and achieved good to very good UX. Future studies should control for potential placebo effects and emphasize higher degrees of personalization and adaptability to increase autonomy and, thereby, long-term health and well-being. These findings may serve as a first step towards future HRV-BF applications of cutting-edge, increasingly accessible technologies, such as wearables, VR, and smartphones, in the service of mental health and healthcare.

Trial registration
The study was registered retrospectively as a clinical trial on ISRCTN registry (ISRCTN11331226, 26 May 2023).
Multi3Generation: Multitask, Multilingual, and Multimodal Language Generation
Authors: Lloret Elena , Barreiro Anabela , Bhatt Mehul , Bugarín-Diz Alberto , Modoni Gianfranco E. , Silberztein Max , Calixto Iacer , Korvel Grazina , Diamantaras Konstantinos , Katsalis Alkiviadis , Turuta Oleksii , Russo Irene , Erdem Aykut 
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this article is to highlight the critical importance of language generation today. In particular, language generation is explored from the following three aspects: multi-modality, multilinguality, which play crucial role for NLG community. We present the activities conducted within the Multi3Generation COST Action (CA18231), as well as current trends and future perspectives for multitask, multilingual and multimodal language generation.