bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiscale and multidisciplinary data-driven reservoir characterization of a fractured carbonate field in Kurdistan
Authors: Sena C. M. , Musial M. , Quental S. , Canner K. L. , Funk E. , Nozari A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The combination of traditional subsurface interpretation techniques with advanced data analytics is a key stepping stone for better predicting reservoir quality, especially in heterogeneous and complex geological systems. The Peshkabir oil and gas field, located in the north of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and within the Tawke Production Sharing Contract, is one such heterogeneous system. Well oil rates vary significantly across the field and cannot be simply correlated to fracture densities measured at the wells. Understanding which fractures matter and what influences reservoir deliverability is a question of major importance for maximizing oil production. The carbonate reservoirs include karstified vuggy zones and hydrothermal dolostones, in addition to an extensively developed fractured network. This paper presents a geological conceptual model for the Peshkabir field, and an application of Python based data science techniques to identify key predictors of reservoir deliverability from drilling, logging and production data. We demonstrate that the major advantage of the application of advanced data analytics is that it can enable the recognition of patterns and associations in a complex, high-dimensional parameter environment whereas traditional interpretation methods typically only allow for the comparison of two or three parameters at a time. This method allows the integration of dynamic and static data effectively and empowers the interpreter to incorporate all the available insights which, coupled with domain knowledge, allows for data-driven decision-making.
Inhibition of IL-1 Ameliorates Cardiac Dysfunction and Arrhythmias in a Murine Model of Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Mesquita Thassio , Lin Yen-Nien , Chen Shuang , Lee Youngho , Miguel-dos-Santos Rodrigo , Atici Asli E. , Fishbein Michael C. , Noval Rivas Magali , Arditi Moshe , Cingolani Eugenio 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute febrile illness and systemic vasculitis often associated with cardiac sequelae, including arrhythmias. Abundant evidence indicates a central role for IL (interleukin)-1 and TNFα (tumor necrosis factor-alpha) signaling in the formation of arterial lesions in KD. We aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the development of electrophysiological abnormalities in a murine model of KD vasculitis.

METHODS:

Lactobacillus casei
cell wall extract–induced KD vasculitis model was used to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of clinically relevant IL-1Ra (IL-1 receptor antagonist) and TNFα neutralization. Echocardiography, in vivo electrophysiology, whole-heart optical mapping, and imaging were performed.

RESULTS:

KD vasculitis was associated with impaired ejection fraction, increased ventricular tachycardia, prolonged repolarization, and slowed conduction velocity. Since our transcriptomic analysis of human patients showed elevated levels of both IL-1β and TNFα, we asked whether either cytokine was linked to the development of myocardial dysfunction. Remarkably, only inhibition of IL-1 signaling by IL-1Ra but not TNFα neutralization was able to prevent changes in ejection fraction and arrhythmias, whereas both IL-1Ra and TNFα neutralization significantly improved vasculitis and heart vessel inflammation. The treatment of
L casei
cell wall extract–injected mice with IL-1Ra also restored conduction velocity and improved the organization of Cx43 (connexin 43) at the intercalated disk. In contrast, in mice with gain of function of the IL-1 signaling pathway,
L casei
cell wall extract induced spontaneous ventricular tachycardia and premature deaths.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our results characterize the electrophysiological abnormalities associated with
L casei
cell wall extract–induced KD and show that IL-1Ra is more effective in preventing KD-induced myocardial dysfunction and arrhythmias than anti-TNFα therapy. These findings support the advancement of clinical trials using IL-1Ra in patients with KD.
A Study on the Battle of Changping
Authors: Wu Leijia 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This article conducts a comprehensive study on the battle of Changping 長平 (260 BCE) between Qin 秦 and Zhao 趙 and challenges some traditional views on it. This article estimates the sizes and losses of the opposing sides and argues that although the number of losses of the Zhao army in this battle looks unreasonably large, it is too subjective to say that the ancient sources exaggerate the numbers because the definition of “soldiers” at that time was different from today. This article concludes that the reasons for Zhao’s defeat are not because of replacing an experienced chief commander with an inexperienced one or shortage in supply but because it was the relatively weaker side and more importantly, its long-term strategic planning and diplomacy were inferior to Qin’s. This article also argues that the influence of this battle is not as significant as claimed by some scholars.
Elucidating the mechanisms of formononetin in modulating atherosclerotic plaque formation in ApoE-/- mice
Authors: He Ying , Cai Youde , Wei Dingling , Cao Liping , He Qiansong , Zhang Yazhou 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Atherosclerosis(AS) poses a pressing challenge in contemporary medicine. Formononetin (FMN) plays a crucial role in its prevention and treatment. However, the detailed impact of FMN on the stability of atherosclerotic plaques and its underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated.

Methods
An intervention consisting of FMN was given along with a high-fat food regimen in the ApoE-/- mouse model. The investigation included the evaluation of the degree of atherosclerotic lesion, the main components of the plaque, lipid profiles, particular markers indicating M1/M2 macrophage phenotypes, the quantities of factors related to inflammation, the infiltration of macrophages, and the identification of markers linked to the α7nAChR/JAK2/STAT3 axis effect molecules.

Results
The evaluation of aortic morphology in ApoE-/-mice revealed that FMN significantly improved the plaque area, fibrous cap protrusion, lipid deposition, and structural alterations on the aortic surface, among other markers of atherosclerosis,and there is concentration dependence. Furthermore, the lipid content of mouse serum was assessed, and the results showed that the low-, medium-, and high-dosage FMN groups had significantly lower levels of LDL-C, ox-LDL, TC, and TG. The results of immunohistochemical staining indicated that the low-, medium-, and high-dose FMN therapy groups had enhanced CD206 expression and decreased expression of CD68 and iNOS. According to RT-qPCR data, FMN intervention has the potential to suppress the expression of iNOS, COX-2, miR-155-5p, IL-6, and IL-1β mRNA, while promoting the expression of IL-10, SHIP1, and Arg-1 mRNA levels. However, the degree of inhibition varied among dosage groups. Western blot investigation of JAK/STAT signaling pathway proteins and cholinergic α7nAChR protein showed that p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 protein expression was suppressed at all dosages, whereas α7nAChR protein expression was enhanced.

Conclusions
According to the aforementioned findings, FMN can reduce inflammation and atherosclerosis by influencing macrophage polarization, blocking the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, and increasing α7nAChR expression.
Evaluation of the primary health care expansion program with public-private partnership in slum areas from the perspective of stakeholders: a qualitative study
Authors: Marvi Aboalfazl , Kokabisaghi Fatemeh , Tabatabaee Seyed Saeed , Moallem Ehsan , Moghri Javad 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundToday, economic and social determinants of health in slum settlements are at the policymakers’ center of attention. Iran has had an excellent experience in the Primary Health Care Program. This study aimed to evaluate the Primary Health Care Expansion Program with public-private partnerships in slum areas of Iran from the perspective of stakeholders in 2022.MethodsThis qualitative study was conducted using the framework content analysis method. Participants were 17 experts and health managers involved in The Primary Health Care Expansion with Public-Private Partnerships in the suburban areas at the medical universities of Khorasan Razavi province in the east of Iran, who were selected through purposive sampling via snowball method. For data collection, a semi-structured interview was done and framework content analysis was used for data analysis and results categories based on the SWOT.ResultsThe study identified 23 main themes and 112 sub-themes, which were then grouped into four main categories - strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats using the SWOT model.ConclusionResults of the study showed the internal and external factors affecting Primary Health Care Expansion with Public-Private Partnerships in suburban areas. This situational analysis can help health policymakers to better understand the performance of health facilities.
Goldenhar syndrome with limbal neoformation, microtia and skeletal deformities: a case report and literature review
Authors: Fu Yushan , Yu Haotian , Zhang Jiajia , Zhou Nan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
To report a case of a 4-year-old patient with Goldenhar syndrome.

Case presentation
The author presents a rare case report involving a 4-year-old boy with multiple malformations. A comprehensive examination showed that the patient primarily had a limbal dermoid. He also has bilateral microtia and ear canal deformities. The skull CT scan and spine X-ray showed Maxillofacial Abnormalities and scoliosis. Whole Exome Sequencing revealed potential gene variations related to microtia. Although certain circumstances prevented us from initiating follow-up treatment for the patient, we have provided a detailed account of the diagnostic methodologies used for this condition.

Conclusions
Goldenhar syndrome is a congenital condition, predominantly presenting as sporadic cases. Its diagnosis and management typically necessitate the involvement of multiple disciplines, including otolaryngology and craniofacial surgery. The syndrome encompasses a variety of craniofacial features, which can facilitate early diagnosis and guide subsequent therapeutic interventions.
Living longer but in poor health: healthcare system responses to ageing populations in industrialised countries based on the Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Choi Minjae , Sempungu Joshua Kirabo , Lee Eun Hae , Lee Yo Han 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to examine changes in life expectancy (LE), health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE), unhealthy years of life, and disease burden of older people in industrialised countries and associations with health systems.

Methods
We used estimates of LE and HALE, unhealthy years of life, years of life loss (YLL), years lived with disability (YLD) for individuals aged 70 years and over in 33 industrialised countries from 1990 to 2019 from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. A linear regression analysis was conducted to examine the association of health outcomes with the Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) index.

Results
LE and HALE increased with improved HAQ index from 1990 to 2019. However, the number of unhealthy years of life increased. An increased HAQ index was associated with decreases in YLL. However, changes in YLD were relatively small and were not correlated with HAQ index.

Conclusions
The healthcare system needs to more address the increased morbidity burden among older people. It should be designed to handle to healthcare needs of the ageing population.
Co-design and evaluation of a digital serious game to promote public awareness about pancreatic cancer
Authors: Anderson Tara , Prue Gillian , McDowell Glenn , Stark Patrick , Brown Wilson Christine , Graham Wisener Lisa , Kerr Helen , Caughers Gemma , Rogers Katherine , Cook Lana , Craig Stephanie , Alanazi Abdulelah , Mitchell Gary 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Pancreatic cancer, ranking seventh in global cancer-related deaths, poses a significant public health challenge with increasing incidence and mortality. Most cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage, resulting in low survival rates. Early diagnosis significantly impacts prognosis, making symptom awareness crucial. Symptoms are often subtle, leading to delayed help-seeking behaviour. Patients and their carers prioritise increased public awareness, indicating a need for innovative approaches to promote awareness of the disease.

Methods
This study employed a quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test design to assess the relationship between a serious game and pancreatic cancer awareness. Members of the public (N = 727) were recruited internationally, via social media and with signposting by relevant organisations. Participants completed measures of symptom awareness and help-seeking intentions before and after playing the game. The serious game, co-designed with experts by lived experience, patient advocates and healthcare professionals, presented participants with a human anatomy diagram, with each section linked to a question about pancreatic cancer.

Results
The serious game demonstrated a statistically significant improvement on pancreatic cancer awareness based on matched paired t-tests. Due to missing data, paired comparisons were only possible for 489 cases. Symptom awareness scores exhibited a statistically significant increase from pre-test to post-test, with a large effect size (p < 0.001, d = 1.43). Help-seeking intentions also markedly improved, showing a significant increase from pre-test to post-test, with a large effect size (p < 0.001, d = 1.10). Independent-samples t-tests were also conducted to determine if there were any group differences on pre- to post-test changes based on age, gender, and previous knowledge and/or experience of pancreatic cancer. Participants overwhelmingly endorsed the game’s usability and educational value, suggesting its potential as an effective tool for enhancing public awareness and proactive health-seeking behaviour.

Discussion
This study is the first to explore a serious game’s utility in pancreatic cancer awareness. Results suggest that such interventions can effectively increase public awareness and influence help-seeking intentions. The co-design process ensured content relevance, and participant satisfaction was high. Findings highlight the game’s potential as an accessible and convenient tool for diverse populations.
Use of T-Scan III in analyzing occlusal changes in molar fixed denture placement
Authors: Chan Hei , Alimujiang Adili , Fong Sin Iok , Wu Ming-Le , Liang Ran , Lai Peng-Yu , Wei Hui-Wen , Shen Shan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
This study aims to analyze the longitudinal variation of occlusal force distribution prior to and after fixed restoration for molar full-crowns with T-SCAN III which provide reference for occlusal adjustment and long-term maintenance.

Methods
We enrolled a total of 20 patients who received conventional restorative treatment for molars. The occlusion examination was conducted in 3 stages (before placement, immediately after placement, and 3 months after placement) using T-SCAN III (Tekscan South Boston, MA, USA, 10.0) to examine and measure the occlusal contact areas of the full dentition.

Results
The results indicated that the occlusal force distribution in the molar region of the patients changed before and after the fixed restoration, but the percentages of occlusal force in the dental arch of the molar did not differ significantly before and after the restoration (P > 0.05). Three months after the fixed restoration, the percentage of occlusal force in the restored dental arches of lateral teeth increased significantly (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
The results of this study indicated that the occlusal forces of the patients changed with tooth movement and adaptation, which is mainly reflected in the increasing occlusal force. Quantitative occlusal force analysis using T-SCAN III occlusal analyzer can provide more objective and accurate data to effectively guide clinical occlusion adjustments.
Simulating impaired left ventricular–arterial coupling in aging and disease: a systematic review
Authors: Ding Corina Cheng Ai , Dokos Socrates , Bakir Azam Ahmad , Zamberi Nurul Jannah , Liew Yih Miin , Chan Bee Ting , Md Sari Nor Ashikin , Avolio Alberto , Lim Einly 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAortic stenosis, hypertension, and left ventricular hypertrophy often coexist in the elderly, causing a detrimental mismatch in coupling between the heart and vasculature known as ventricular−vascular (VA) coupling. Impaired left VA coupling, a critical aspect of cardiovascular dysfunction in aging and disease, poses significant challenges for optimal cardiovascular performance. This systematic review aims to assess the impact of simulating and studying this coupling through computational models. By conducting a comprehensive analysis of 34 relevant articles obtained from esteemed databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed until July 14, 2022, we explore various modeling techniques and simulation approaches employed to unravel the complex mechanisms underlying this impairment. Our review highlights the essential role of computational models in providing detailed insights beyond clinical observations, enabling a deeper understanding of the cardiovascular system. By elucidating the existing models of the heart (3D, 2D, and 0D), cardiac valves, and blood vessels (3D, 1D, and 0D), as well as discussing mechanical boundary conditions, model parameterization and validation, coupling approaches, computer resources and diverse applications, we establish a comprehensive overview of the field. The descriptions as well as the pros and cons on the choices of different dimensionality in heart, valve, and circulation are provided. Crucially, we emphasize the significance of evaluating heart−vessel interaction in pathological conditions and propose future research directions, such as the development of fully coupled personalized multidimensional models, integration of deep learning techniques, and comprehensive assessment of confounding effects on biomarkers.
Association of triglyceride glucose-body mass index and hemoglobin glycation index with heart failure prevalence in hypertensive populations: a study across different glucose metabolism status
Authors: Wang Rupeng , Chen Ce , Xu Guiyu , Jin Zening 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
The Triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI) and hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) are well-established surrogate markers for insulin resistance. Nevertheless, the extent to which these markers offer additive predictive value for heart failure (HF) prevalence in hypertensive populations, and their predictive utility across various diabetic statuses, remains to be clarified. Consequently, this study aimed to explore the independent and synergistic effects of TyG-BMI and HGI on HF risk among individuals with different diabetic statuses.

Methods
Data from the study population (n = 9847) were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Multivariable logistic regression models were employed to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the combined associations between TyG-BMI and HGI and the prevalence of HF across various diabetic statuses.

Results
In the total population, compared to the reference group (low TyG-BMI and low HGI), the OR (95% CI) for HF prevalence was 1.30 (1.04, 1.64) for the combination of low TyG-BMI and high HGI, 2.40 (1.76, 3.29) for high TyG-BMI and low HGI, and 3.47 (2.41, 4.99) for high TyG-BMI and high HGI. Interestingly, among normoglycemic individuals, higher TyG-BMI and HGI did not significantly increase the prevalence of HF. Conversely, in the prediabetic population, the OR (95%CI) for HF prevalence was 2.42 (1.69, 3.48) for the combination of high TyG-BMI and low HGI, and 4.30 (2.45, 7.54) for high TyG-BMI and high HGI. Similarly, in the diabetic population, the OR (95%CI) for HF prevalence was 2.22 (1.43, 3.45) for low TyG-BMI and high HGI, 4.04 (2.43, 6.73) for high TyG-BMI and low HGI, and 4.13 (2.25, 7.59) for high TyG-BMI and high HGI, compared to low TyG-BMI and low HGI.

Conclusion
This study reveals that elevated TyG-BMI and HGI levels exert a synergistic impact on the prevalence of HF in hypertensive adults, especially in those with prediabetes and diabetes. Additionally, the presence of prediabetes and diabetes may amplify the detrimental combined effect of TyG-BMI and HGI on HF prevalence.
Gliosis-dependent expression of complement factor H truncated variants attenuates retinal neurodegeneration following ischemic injury
Authors: Biber Josef , Jabri Yassin , Glänzer Sarah , Dort Aaron , Hoffelner Patricia , Schmidt Christoph Q. , Bludau Oliver , Pauly Diana , Grosche Antje 
Published: February 2024

AbstractInherited, age-related, and acute retinal diseases are often exacerbated by an aberrant or excessive activity of the complement system. Consequently, cells not directly affected by an acute event or genetic variants may degenerate, resulting in enhanced visual impairment. The therapeutic potential of supplementation of complement factor H (FH), a key regulator of the complement cascade, is therefore particularly promising in the context of retinal diseases caused by complement activation. In this study, we engineered adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) containing sequences of two truncated human FH variants. The expression of these variants was regulated by the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter, which is selectively active in gliotic Müller cells. Both FH variants consisted of FH domains 19-20, which were connected to domains 1–4 and 1–7, respectively, by a polyglycine linker. These AAVs were intravitreally injected following ischemic injury of C57BL/6J mouse retinas. We observed transgene expression in gliotic Müller cells and to some extent in astrocytes. The expression correlated directly with damage severity. Interventions resulted in decreased complement activation, accelerated normalization of microglia activity and morphological improvements. Reduced levels of C3 transcripts and C3d protein in conjunction with higher transcript levels of inhibitory regulators like Cfi and Cfh, hinted at attenuated complement activity. This study demonstrates the great potential of complement regulatory gene addition therapy. With further in vivo testing it could be applied to treat a wide range of retinal diseases where no causative therapies are available.