bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric cancer incidence among individuals with overgrowth syndromes and overgrowth features: A population‐based assessment in seven million children
Authors: Connolly Gillean K. , Harris Rachel D. , Shumate Charles , Rednam Surya P. , Canfield Mark A. , Plon Sharon E. , Nguyen Joanne , Schraw Jeremy M. , Lupo Philip J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundOvergrowth syndromes (e.g., Beckwith–Wiedemann) are associated with an increased risk of pediatric cancer, although there are few population‐based estimates of risk. There are also limited studies describing associations between other overgrowth features (e.g., hepatosplenomegaly) and pediatric cancer. Therefore, cancer risk among children with these conditions was evaluated with data from a large, diverse population‐based registry linkage study.MethodsThis study includes all live births in Texas during the years 1999–2017. Children with overgrowth features and syndromes were identified from the Texas Birth Defects Registry; children with cancer were identified by linkage to the Texas Cancer Registry. Cox regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between each overgrowth syndrome/feature and cancer, which were adjusted for infant sex and maternal age.ResultsIn the total birth cohort (n = 6,997,422), 21,207 children were identified as having an overgrowth syndrome or feature. Children with Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome were 42 times more likely to develop pediatric cancer (95% CI, 24.20–71.83), with hepatoblastoma being the most common, followed by Wilms tumor. The presence of any isolated overgrowth feature was associated with increased cancer risk (HR, 4.70; 95% CI, 3.83–5.77); associations were strongest for hepatosplenomegaly (HR, 23.04; 95% CI, 13.37–39.69) and macroglossia (HR, 11.18; 95% CI, 6.35–19.70).ConclusionsThis population‐based assessment confirmed prior findings that children with either overgrowth syndromes or features were significantly more likely to develop cancer. Overall, this study supports recommendations for cancer surveillance in children with these conditions and may also inform future research into cancer etiology.
High‐dimensional limit theorems for SGD: Effective dynamics and critical scaling
Authors: Arous Gérard Ben , Gheissari Reza , Jagannath Aukosh 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe study the scaling limits of stochastic gradient descent (SGD) with constant step‐size in the high‐dimensional regime. We prove limit theorems for the trajectories of summary statistics (i.e., finite‐dimensional functions) of SGD as the dimension goes to infinity. Our approach allows one to choose the summary statistics that are tracked, the initialization, and the step‐size. It yields both ballistic (ODE) and diffusive (SDE) limits, with the limit depending dramatically on the former choices. We show a critical scaling regime for the step‐size, below which the effective ballistic dynamics matches gradient flow for the population loss, but at which, a new correction term appears which changes the phase diagram. About the fixed points of this effective dynamics, the corresponding diffusive limits can be quite complex and even degenerate. We demonstrate our approach on popular examples including estimation for spiked matrix and tensor models and classification via two‐layer networks for binary and XOR‐type Gaussian mixture models. These examples exhibit surprising phenomena including multimodal timescales to convergence as well as convergence to sub‐optimal solutions with probability bounded away from zero from random (e.g., Gaussian) initializations. At the same time, we demonstrate the benefit of overparametrization by showing that the latter probability goes to zero as the second layer width grows.
Tuning Ni‐Pyrazolate Frameworks by Post‐Synthetic Fe‐Incorporation for Oxidase‐Mimicking H2O2 Activation
Authors: Martín Nuria , Cirujano Francisco G. , García‐Verdugo Eduardo , Llorca Jordi , del Río Enrique , Jiménez‐Morales Ignacio , Bogeat‐Barroso Adrián , López‐Maya Elena , Álvarez Mayra G. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe introduction of iron ionic sites by metal exchange of defective homometallic nickel pyrazolate frameworks generates non‐precious, Earth‐abundant, first‐row heterometallic Fe/Ni‐pyrazolate frameworks. The Fe incorporation at the Ni nodes of the framework allows to control the hydrogen peroxide activation, minimizing its decomposition and O2 liberation, occurring at the homometallic Ni nodes. The generation of Fe−OH reactive oxygen species at the heterometallic Fe/Ni nodes is demonstrated by the higher activity in the proof‐of‐concept oxidation of 1‐phenylethanol to acetophenone in an aqueous medium.
Starvation reduces thermal limits of the widespread copepod Acartia tonsa
Authors: Rueda Moreno Gaia , Sasaki Matthew C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOrganismal thermal limits affect a wide range of biogeographical and ecological processes. Copepods are some of the most abundant animals on the planet and play key roles in aquatic habitats. Despite their abundance and ecological importance, there is limited data on the factors that affect copepod thermal limits, impeding our ability to predict how aquatic ecosystems will be affected by anthropogenic climate change. In a warming ocean, one factor that may have particularly important effects on thermal limits is the availability of food. A recently proposed feedback loop known as “metabolic meltdown” suggests that starvation and exposure to high temperatures interact to drastically reduce organismal thermal limits, increasing vulnerability to warming. To investigate one component of this feedback loop, we examined how starvation affects thermal limits (critical thermal maxima: CTmax) of Acartia tonsa, a widespread estuarine copepod. We found that there was no effect of short‐duration exposure to starvation (up to 2 days). However, after 3 days, there was a significant decrease in the CTmax of starved copepods relative to the fed controls. Our results provide empirical evidence that extended periods of starvation reduce thermal limits, potentially initiating “metabolic meltdown” in this key species of coastal copepod. This suggests that changes in food availability may increase the vulnerability of copepods to increasing temperatures, amplifying the effects of climate change on coastal systems.
The Drosophila melanogaster prophenoloxidase system participates in immunity against Zika virus infection
Authors: Tafesh‐Edwards Ghada , Eleftherianos Ioannis 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDrosophila melanogaster relies on an evolutionarily conserved innate immune system to protect itself from a wide range of pathogens, making it a convenient genetic model to study various human pathogenic viruses and host antiviral immunity. Here we explore for the first time the contribution of the Drosophila phenoloxidase (PO) system to host survival and defenses against Zika virus (ZIKV) infection by analyzing the role of mutations in the three prophenoloxidase (PPO) genes in female and male flies. We show that only PPO1 and PPO2 genes contribute to host survival and appear to be upregulated following ZIKV infection in Drosophila. Also, we present data suggesting that a complex regulatory system exists between Drosophila PPOs, potentially allowing for a sex‐dependent compensation of PPOs by one another or other immune responses such as the Toll, Imd, and JAK/STAT pathways. Furthermore, we show that PPO1 and PPO2 are essential for melanization in the hemolymph and the wound site in flies upon ZIKV infection. Our results reveal an important role played by the melanization pathway in response to ZIKV infection, hence highlighting the importance of this pathway in insect host defense against viral pathogens and potential vector control strategies to alleviate ZIKV outbreaks.
Nonlinear dimensionality reduction methods for potentiometric multisensor systems data analysis
Authors: Selivanovs Zahars , Savosina Julia , Agafonova‐Moroz Marina , Kirsanov Dmitry 
Published: October 2023

AbstractElectrochemical multisensor systems were proven to be a very perspective research direction in modern analytical chemistry. The multisensor approach assumes an employment of cross‐sensitive chemical sensors in combination with multivariate data processing methods. Dimensionality reduction of the data obtained from multisensor systems is a very important step and it is mostly based on the traditional tools of chemometrics, such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA). In case of chemically complex samples, the response of multisensor systems may have a complex nonlinear nature and the use of linear modelling methods does not seem optimal. However, the potential of nonlinear dimensionality reduction methods in the processing of multisensor data has not yet been systematically studied. In this report we aim to fill this gap and assess the performance of various nonlinear dimensionality reduction tools: Isomap, Self‐Organizing Kohonen Maps, and Autoencoder. These methods were explored using three datasets from potentiometric multisensor systems obtained in various real applications. It was shown that nonlinear dimensionality reduction methods give the possibility to obtain additional and more detailed information about the analyzed objects/processes compared to PCA. However, calculation time for nonlinear dimensionality reduction methods essentially exceeds that for PCA, and it can be a limiting factor for application of such algorithms.
Assessment of self‐heating and spontaneous combustion of Napier grass using thermogravimetric analysis
Authors: Kunalan Yuvaraj , Wan Ab Karim Ghani Wan Azlina , Mohd Tohir Mohd Zahirasri , Md Said Mohamad Syazarudin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNapier grass is a potential solid biofuel that can be used as a renewable energy resource. Nevertheless, its tendency for self‐heating and the subsequent self‐ignition remain unknown, which are common problems in solid fuel. In this work, thermal decomposition characteristics of Napier grass in air and inert conditions were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and the pertinent kinetic parameters were established using model‐free methods. The average activation energy of Napier grass thermal decomposition is 285 and 382 kJ/mol under oxidative and inert conditions, respectively. The linear plot obtained through model‐free methods shows a high linear correlation coefficient at conversion ranges of 0.2–0.7 during combustion and 0.4–0.6 during pyrolysis. The ignition and burnout temperatures were evaluated, and ignition index of Napier grass was established. Average ignition temperature obtained for air was 217°C while 200°C for inert condition. The burnout temperatures between 691 and 984°C were observed. This research facilitates in understanding fire threat posed by tendency of Napier grass to self‐heat and provides valuable information for safe conditions of Napier grass storage and transportation.
Removal of E133 brilliant blue dye from artificial wastewater by electrocoagulation using cans waste as electrodes
Authors: Salman Rasha H. , Khudhair Entisar M. , Abed Khalid M. , Abbas Ammar S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSolid‐waste management, particularly of aluminum (Al), is a challenge that is being confronted around the world. Therefore, it is valuable to explore methods that can minimize the exploitation of natural assets, such as recycling. In this study, using hazardous Al waste as the main electrodes in the electrocoagulation (EC) process for dye removal from wastewater was discussed. The EC process is considered to be one of the most efficient, promising, and cost‐effective ways of handling various toxic effluents. The effect of current density (10, 20, and 30 mA/cm2), electrolyte concentration (1 and 2 g/L), and initial concentration of Brilliant Blue dye (15 and 30 mg/L) on the efficiency of the EC process were examined in this study. The results show that removal efficiency increased with current density and sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration and decreased with initial dye concentration. The electrical power and electrodes consumed increased with an increase in current density and decreased notably with increased NaCl. The optimum current density and amount of NaCl were 20 mA/cm2 and 2 g/L, respectively to attain highest values of E133 brilliant blue dye removal. The EC process was examined using adsorption isotherms and kinetics models. Those results showed that the Langmuir isotherm matched the experimental data. Furthermore, the experimental data were followed the Elovich model kinetics.
Process optimization and crystallization kinetics of ammonium sulfate from wet ammonia‐based desulfurization
Authors: Peng Jian , Yang Zhen , Lian Peichao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThere are some problems in the production of ammonium sulfate, a byproduct of the ammonia desulfurization process, such as small crystal size and uneven distribution. The evaporative crystallization kinetics of ammonium sulfate and the factors affecting the crystallization of ammonium sulfate for improving the quality of ammonium sulfate were studied. The results showed that the largest mean diameter of ammonium sulfate was obtained at a stirring speed of 400 r/min, evaporation temperature of 60 °C, and pH of 5.0. The particle size of the ammonium sulfate increased when the crystal seed was introduced. The metastable region of ammonium sulfate was determined by laser method. The crystallization process of ammonium sulfate was studied using population balance equations and intermittent dynamic method, and the empirical equation of nucleation rate and growth rate of ammonium sulfate crystallization was obtained. This experiment can provide a solution for the problems existing in the production of ammonium sulfate in the process of ammonia desulfurization.
Successful epilepsy surgery in two cases with multiple sclerosis
Authors: van Klink Nicole , Tousseyn Simon , Schijns Olaf , van Eijsden Pieter , Vos Pieter , Hilkman Danny , Killestein Joep , Leijten Frans 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBrain surgery is the only curative treatment for people with focal epilepsy, but it is unclear whether this induces active disease in multiple sclerosis (MS). This creates a barrier to evaluate MS patients for epilepsy surgery. We present two cases of successful epilepsy surgery in patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy and stable MS and give an overview of the existing literature. (1) a 28‐year‐old woman with seizures arising from a right basal temporo‐occipital ganglioglioma was seizure‐free after surgery, without MS relapse but with one new MS lesion postsurgically. (2) a 46‐year‐old woman with seizures arising from a natalizumab‐associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) lesion in the right frontal lobe was seizure‐free after surgery preceded by extraoperative subdural electrocorticography, with new subclinical MS lesions. We are the first to report brain surgery in a PML survivor. Both patients stabilized radiologically after initiating second‐line therapies. Successful epilepsy surgery can substantially increase the quality of life in patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy and MS. With increasing survival rates of brain tumors and PML, the risk–benefit ratio of epilepsy surgery compared to a potential MS relapse after surgery becomes critically important. Shared decision‐making is valuable for balancing the risks related to both diseases.
Refined deformation limit states for circular reinforced concrete bridge columns
Authors: Aldabagh Saif , Hossain Faroque , Alam M. Shahria 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOne hurdle against the widespread implementation of the performance‐based design (PBD) for bridges is the lack of consensus among practitioners, researchers, and code committees on engineering demand parameter (EDP) limits defining the onset of various types of damage and their variability. This study seeks to bring consistency to the PBD methodology by establishing refined EDP limits at concrete cover spalling and bar buckling for circular reinforced concrete bridge columns. To this end, a database consisting of 118 previously tested flexure‐dominant bridge columns was formulated and analyzed. The EDP limit considered at the member level was drift ratio, whereas, at the sectional level, the EDP limits considered were material strain and curvature ductility. State‐of‐the‐art symbolic regression was adopted to fit the resulting data to mathematical expressions. At the member level, predicted drift ratio limits at the two damage states obtained with the proposed expressions were associated with lower root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) than those obtained from other similar expressions in the literature. At the sectional level, drift ratios at concrete cover spalling were adequately predicted with compressive strain limits in concrete ranging from 0.004 to 0.007 and a curvature ductility limit of 6.3. More accurate predictions of drift ratios at bar buckling were attained with variable sectional EDP limits, particularly for columns subjected to relatively high axial load. Two expressions predicting the tensile strain limit in the rebar and curvature ductility limit at bar buckling were proposed. The ratios of the measured drift ratio at bar buckling to the drift ratio predicted based on the proposed variable tensile strain limit had a mean of 0.99 and a coefficient of variation (COV) of 33%. Corresponding ratios based on the proposed variable curvature ductility limit had a mean of 1.02 and a COV of 31%. Fragility functions relating the likelihood of concrete cover spalling and bar buckling to the considered EDP limits were also developed.
Associations between major depressive and bipolar disorders and eating disorder, PTSD, and comorbid symptom severity in eating disorder patients
Authors: Brewerton Timothy D. , Gavidia Ismael , Suro Giulia , Perlman Molly M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveMajor depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are commonly comorbid with eating disorders (EDs). However, there is limited data about the clinical features of such patients, especially their association with traumatic histories and PTSD, which occur commonly in patients admitted to residential treatment.MethodsAdults (≥18 years, 91% female, n = 2155) admitted to residential ED treatment were evaluated upon admission for DSM‐5 defined MDD and BD. Patients were divided into three groups based on an admission diagnosis of no mood disorder (NMD), MDD, and BD (types I and II) and compared on a number of demographic variables, clinical features and assessments.ResultsMood disorders occurred in 76.4% of participants. There were statistically significant differences across groups in most measures with the BD group showing higher rates and doses of traumatic events; higher current PTSD; higher BMIs; higher severity of ED, depression and state‐trait anxiety symptoms; worse quality of life; and higher rates of substance use disorders. Similarly, the MDD group had higher rates than the NMD group on most measures.ConclusionsThese findings have important implications for prevention, treatment and long‐term follow‐up and highlight the need for early trauma‐focused treatment of ED patients with comorbid mood disorders and PTSD.
Method for evaluating the accuracy of state‐of‐charge (SOC)/state‐of‐health (SOH) estimation of BMSs
Authors: Song Hyunsik , Shin Donghyun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe battery management system (BMS), which is widely adopted in various eco‐friendly automobiles that use batteries for propulsion, increases energy efficiency and extends the usable life by monitoring and optimally managing batteries. Eco‐friendly automobile original equipment manufacturers demand improvements in state‐of‐charge (SOC) and state‐of‐health (SOH) accuracies. However, because standards for evaluating accuracy do not exist, evaluations are performed using methods suggested by BMS developers or researchers, which differ from each other. Thus, the reliability of the SOC and SOH accuracy results is low. To accurately evaluate the SOC/SOH, it is necessary to reflect various conditions such as the power of the battery during actual vehicle operation and the temperature inside and outside the battery at the time. Therefore, a method is proposed herein that individually or simultaneously evaluates the SOC and SOH estimation accuracies of the BMS while considering an eco‐friendly vehicle's actual driving environment, instead of simple charge and discharge test conditions and room temperature. The reference values for evaluating the accuracy of SOC/SOH estimation in a battery can be defined as follows: Full charge and full discharge are conducted before applying the evaluation pattern to calculate the precise available capacity of the battery. Subsequently, it is fully charged and discharged to its initial SOC. A load pattern reflecting the load conditions of the subsequent application is repeatedly applied. After concluding the evaluation pattern, the remaining capacity is discharged, thereby determining the reference value. The proposed method is applied to two types of BMSs to evaluate its accuracy in SOC/SOH estimation and the validity of the proposed method was verified.
State of the Art der Verschleißprognose im maschinellen Tunnelbau
Authors: Stopp Annika , Feinendegen Martin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe wear of cutting tools in mechanised tunnelling is closely linked to the abrasiveness of the present subsoil. Therefore, most of the models used for wear prediction take an abrasiveness index into account. The most common index used for hard rock is the Cerchar Abrasiveness Index (CAI); whereas such a standard does not yet exist for soil. Both the literature research and the results of calculation examples presented in the article show that significantly more practical models are currently available for wear prediction in hard rock. One reason for this is that far more wear‐relevant influencing factors have to be quantified for soft ground. Another reason is that the scientific studies concerning this topic only started in the course of mechanised tunnelling. Since especially the calculations carried out for low‐abrasive rocks differ widely among the different models for tool life, further research is needed also for wear prediction in hard rock
Felsbauplanung mit dem geotechnischen Werkzeugkasten von morgen: Eurocode und die Grundlagen der Planung von Tragwerken und geotechnischen Bauwerken (die zweite Generation der EN 1990 und EN 1997)
Authors: Lamas Luís , Burbaum Ulrich , Estaire José , Harrison John , Nuijten Guido , Pereira Renato 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe current first generation of Eurocodes is a suite of ten European standards for the design of buildings and civil engineering works, whose implementation started in 2010. EN 1990 sets the basis of structural design, with the other Eurocodes dealing with different materials and specific aspects of design. Geotechnical aspects of design are covered by EN 1997 ”Geotechnical design“, usually called Eurocode 7.The evolution of the Eurocodes started in 2012 and the main objectives of their revision were to incorporate improvements that reflect the state‐of‐the‐art in engineering design and the needs of the civil engineering market, to improve the ease‐of‐use and to harmonize practice between countries. While the original version was developed largely based on soil mechanics, the aim was that the revised version treats soil and rock on an equal basis.The second generation of the Eurocodes is now nearly finished, and the revised EN 1997 is expected to be formally approved in 2024. This paper is the first of a set of six informative papers on the revised Eurocodes and rock engineering, prepared by members of the Rock Engineering Platform of CEN/TC250/SC7, a group of rock engineering experts that has been assisting in drafting EN 1997 from a rock‐engineering perspective. The paper presents the main changes to EN 1990 and EN 1997 as far as they affect geotechnical and rock engineering design.