bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia: A Comprehensive Review with Recent Updates
Authors: Verma Shikha , Marak Anita , Paul Debopriya 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is a progressive scarring alopecia affecting postmenopausal women. FFA is a primary lymphocytic scarring alopecia and is considered a variant of LPP due to similar histopathology findings in both conditions. The exact etiopathogenesis of FFA is not known. However, some genetic, autoimmunity, hormonal and environmental factors are implicated. However, the loss of the immune privilege of hair follicles and the role of cosmetics and sunscreen have been postulated. The disease is characterised by frontal and temporoparietal hairline recession with shiny, atrophic skin with sideburn involvement. The common trichoscopic findings include perifollicular erythema, follicular hyperkeratosis and loss of follicular openings. The histopathology is characterised by lichenoid lymphocytic infiltrate around the upper part of the hair follicle including the bulge area and concentric perifollicular lamellar fibrosis. There are two diagnostic criteria proposed by Tolkachjov et al. and the International FFA Cooperative Group. Many topical and systemic treatment options are available, but none have shown satisfactory results. Recently, many biological agents have been tried including tofacitinib and tildrakizumab.
Biomarkers in Head-and-neck Cancer: A Scoping Review
Authors: Swain Santosh Kumar 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Head-and-neck cancers (HNCs) refer to a diverse group of cancers that originate in the soft tissues of the head-and-neck area. This category includes all tumors that start in areas such as the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, thyroid gland, and cervical esophagus. The application of biomarkers in managing HNCs has grown significantly due to advances in genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, and related technologies. These biomarkers are valuable for the early diagnosis of head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and play a crucial role in enhancing patient outcomes. HNSCC develops through a series of stages marked by the accumulation of phenotypic and genetic alterations. Identifying particular biomarkers is crucial for specifying the various stages of cancer, making it essential for managing HNSCC. The absence of appropriate biomarkers for monitoring disease progression can result in a poor prognosis due to late-stage diagnosis. The objective of this review is to highlight emerging biomarkers relevant to HNSCC, covering primary locations such as the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, and thyroid.
Robotic-assisted Spine Surgeries: An Analysis of 750 Cases from Occiput to Sacrum
Authors: Vidyadhara S , Pai Madhava , Balamurugan T , Soni Abhishek , Kashyap Anjana , Vidyadhara Alia 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Most studies conducted by early adopters of the third generation robotic-assisted pedicle screw placement systems have predominantly focused on the placement of thoracolumbar pedicle screws. The current study is a report on 750 cases of robotic assisted spine surgery, for varied etiologies from the occiput to the sacrum in all manner of spine surgeries.

Materials and Methods:
In a prospective study, the 750 consecutive patients who underwent robotic-assisted screw insertion using MazorX Stealth Edition (Medtronic Ltd, Dublin, Ireland) were included. Thus, 4921 implants placed from occiput to ilium. The demographic and surgical details of all patients was noted and postoperative O-arm scans were done to determine accuracy of implants.

Results:
In the current series, total of 4921 posterior spinal anchors were implanted, including 443 cervical pedicle screws, 15 cervical lateral mass screws, 4457 thoracolumbar pedicle screws (with 58 S2AI screws), and 6 ilio-sacral screws. 74 vertebrae received bone cement augmentation. 10 robotically inserted screws were revised due to unacceptable pedicle breaches. The overall clinical acceptability of screws was 99.8%. Analysis of preoperative plans and postoperative O-arm scans revealed no statistically significant differences between planned and executed screw trajectories.

Conclusion:
The third generation robotic-assisted pedicle screw placement system along with intraoperative 3-D O-arm imaging is useful in safe and accurate placement of posterior spinal anchors in cervical and thoracolumbar spine.
Gravitational collapse to extremal black holes and the third law of black hole thermodynamics
Authors: Kehle Christoph , Unger Ryan 
Published: January 2025

We construct examples of black hole formation from regular, one-ended asymptotically flat Cauchy data for the Einstein–Maxwell-charged scalar field system in spherical symmetry which are exactly isometric to extremal Reissner–Nordström after a finite advanced time along the event horizon. Moreover, in each of these examples the apparent horizon of the black hole coincides with that of a Schwarzschild solution at earlier advanced times. In particular, our result can be viewed as a definitive
disproof
of the “third law of black hole thermodynamics.” The main step in the construction is a novel

C^{k}

characteristic gluing procedure, which interpolates between a light cone in Minkowski space and a Reissner–Nordström event horizon with specified charge to mass ratio

\frac{e}{M}

. Our setup is inspired by the recent work of Aretakis–Czimek–Rodnianski on perturbative characteristic gluing for the Einstein vacuum equations. However, our construction is fundamentally nonperturbative and is based on a finite collection of scalar field pulses which are modulated by the Borsuk–Ulam theorem.
An Examination of Preschool Teacher Candidates' Pedagogical Conceptualizations of Multiculturalism in terms of Their Competence Perceptions
Authors: Kutluca Ali Yiğit , Shpendi Şirin Tringa 
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this mixed method study is to examine the effect of preschool teacher candidates' multicultural competence perceptions on their pedagogical views. Within the scope of this purpose, 63 fourth grade students studying in the preschool teaching department of a foundation university in Istanbul were included in the study. First, the Multicultural Competence Perceptions Scale was applied to all participants. In this way, the level of competence perception of the participants was determined. In addition, in the process of determining the subsample, four participants with high levels of multicultural competence perceptions were included in the higher group and four participants with low levels of multicultural competence perceptions were included in the lower group. After this, preschool teacher candidates in the lower and higher groups answered the questions with the help of five case scenarios on multicultural education in early childhood. While the quantitative data collected within the scope of the research were analyzed with descriptive statistics, the qualitative data were analyzed with inductive content analysis. The results showed that preschool teacher candidates' multicultural competence perceptions were high. On the other hand, preschool teacher candidates with higher competence perceptions evaluated issues related to multicultural education more holistically. Finally, all participants in the lower and higher groups expressed the idea of equity pedagogy in the context of promoting a positive classroom climate in early childhood education. The results were discussed in depth based on the existing literature and necessary suggestions were given regarding their educational implications.
Social Identity of Codas in Relation to Family Identity
Authors: Millar Norma , Vione Katia Correa 
Published: January 2025

This study is a qualitative exploration of the social identity of adult, hearing children of deaf adults (Codas) in relation to the cultural identity of their families (i.e., “Deaf” or “deaf”). The study was approached using a social constructionist perspective, using social identity theory, and in particular, self-categorization. Data was obtained through one-on-one semi-structured interviews with 15 participants, all of whom were Codas, 7 from “Deaf” families, and 8 from “deaf” families. Data was analysed using Reflexive Thematic Analysis. The primary themes that emerged included cultural disconnect, responsibility and frustration. Cultural disconnect was experienced only by Codas from “deaf” families and not by Codas from “Deaf” families. Frustration and responsibility, although experienced by many of the participants, was more similarly experienced for “deaf” Codas, and likewise for “Deaf” Codas, indicating that familial cultural affiliation should be considered a contributing factor in the social identity of Codas.
Use of metformin in treatment of dengue fever
Authors: Zainab Irfan  , Zia Yaqub Hasan 
Published: January 2025

Dear Editor,
Dengue Fever is the fastest spreading mosquito-borne viral disease globally, affecting greater than 100 million humans annually. Dengue also causes 20 to 25,000 deaths, primarily in children, and is found in more than 100 countries. Although most cases are asymptomatic, severe illness and death may occur. (1) According to the WHO, between 1st January to 27th September 2022, the National Institute of Health-Islamabad reported 25,932 confirmed dengue cases and 62 deaths nationwide (2). 74% of these cases were reported during September alone. Of these, 32% were from Sindh, 29% from Punjab (including the Islamabad Capital Territory), 25% from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (5506), and 14% from Balochistan (2).
The current treatment for dengue fever doesn't involve direct medication. Instead, the focus is on symptomatic treatment. Initial steps focus on bed rest and increased fluid intake to combat dehydration caused by vomiting. In severe cases, hospitalization for supportive care becomes necessary. Patients are monitored for dehydration and electrolyte balance, platelet counts, and blood pressure, with interventions such as transfusions if needed (3). New and improved treatments for dengue are being explored worldwide.
One of these emerging treatments is the efficacy of metformin in dengue treatment. A study published in 2018 showed that diabetic dengue patients who were metformin users were 33-40% less likely to develop severe dengue- according to WHO 2009 dengue criteria- than those who were not. (4) From the metformin users 28.2% progressed to severe dengue whereas from the non-metformin users 42.4% progressed to severe dengue. The same study showed that metformin users had a significantly lower instance of severe bleeding than non-users.
In obese patients the enzyme Adenosine Monophosphate (AMP) – Activated protein kinase (AMPK) is down regulated. Its down regulation results in the inhibition of lipid catabolism and increased de novo lipid synthesis, which are favourable conditions for viral replication and survival within host cells (5). The hypoglycaemic agent metformin –dymethybiguanide- controls glucose metabolism via activation of AMPK. Hence obese patients with dengue could benefit from it.
Bearing in mind the rising cases of dengue in Pakistan, we suggest that the possibility of an improved treatment with metformin, especially in obese patients, should be explored in the country. Metformin is cheap (locally priced at 35 rupees, brand name Glucophage), easy to administer and does not have any major side effects.
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CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION OF WATER-BASED ECOTOURISM: THE PERSPECTIVE OF MANAGEMENT OF THE PAGA CROCODILES’ PONDS IN NORTHERN GHANA
Authors: Kwoyiga Lydia 
Published: January 2025

Ghana boasts of several ecotourist sites such as the Paga crocodile ponds which are contributing to the development of local communities. However, ecotourism is climate sensitive thus any changes in climate consequently affect it. It is therefore, not surprising that climate change is affecting ecotourism. Evidence abounds in Ghana of an increase in temperature and a decrease in mean annual rainfall in all the country’s ecological zones with this having an impact on ecotourism such as the Paga Crocodiles ponds. To promote ecotourism under this changing climate, local communities in the country have put in place some measures to adapt. This article, therefore, interrogates the management of the Paga crocodiles’ pond of the existing practices, perceptions and impacts of climate change, and the nature of the current institutional arrangements to promote adaptation. It specifically addresses these objectives: (i) the practices of the Crocodile ponds as tourist sites (ii) climate change perceptions of and impacts on crocodiles’ ponds and (ii) the nature of current institutions in promoting adaptation. Considered the first study, an exploratory design that used in-depth interviews, observation and desk review was applied to generate primary and secondary data for analysis. Tourist guards, the earth priest, local tourist committee members, elders and other opinion leaders of the two tourist sites were contacted. The results revealed that climate change manifestations in the form of an increase in temperature and a decrease in temperature have significant impacts on the ponds and their tourist activities. Water levels in the ponds decreased while water temperature increased causing the crocodiles out of their habitats which sometimes resulted in their death. The ponds have also been invaded by alien crocodile species that sometimes attack the local reptiles. To adapt, management recombines informal practices and institutions with formal institutions resulting in what is called institutional bricolage.
THỪA CÂN BÉO PHÌ VÀ MỘT SỐ ĐẶC ĐIỂM HOÁ SINH CỦA NGƯỜI BỆNH TĂNG HUYẾT ÁP ĐIỀU TRỊ TẠI TRUNG TÂM Y TẾ THÀNH PHỐ VĨNH YÊN, TỈNH VĨNH PHÚC
Authors: Bùi Thị Ánh Nguyệt , Bùi Thiên Hương , Nguyễn Văn Trường , Nguyễn Trọng Hưng , Trần Thị Hà Thu , Đỗ Nam Khánh 
Published: January 2025

Mục tiêu: Mô tả tình thừa cân béo phì và một số đặc điểm xét nghiệm hoá sinh của người bệnh tăng huyết áp điều trị ngoại trú tại Trung tâm Y tế Thành phố Vĩnh Yên, tỉnh Vĩnh Phúc năm 2023-2024. Phương pháp: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang trên 251 người bệnh tăng huyết áp đang điều trị ngoại trú tại Trung tâm Y tế Thành phố Vĩnh Yên tỉnh Vĩnh Phúc. Kết quả: Nghiên cứu có tổng số 251 đối tượng, trong đó 49% là nam và 51% là nữ. Nhóm tuổi từ 60 – 69 chiếm tỷ lệ cao nhất với 58,8%, sau đó là độ tuổi từ 70 trở lên chiếm 41,4%, đứng thứ 3 là nhóm tuổi từ 40-59 chiếm 14,1% và cuối cùng là độ tuổi dưới 40 chiếm 1,6%. Các bệnh lý kèm theo của đối tượng gặp nhiều nhất là cơ xương khớp với 36,3%, ngay sau đó là đái tháo đường là 30,7%, bệnh lý tiêu hoá với 25,1%, bệnh lý gan mật là 16.3%, bệnh hô hấp và thận tiết niệu lần lượt là 12,0% và 12,4%, cuối cùng là bệnh lý tim mạch là 11,6%. Đa số đối tượng nghiên cứu có tình trạng dinh dưỡng tiền béo phì (48,2%), tiếp sau đó là nhóm có tình trạng dinh dưỡng bình thường (29,9%). Tỷ lệ béo phì chiếm 21,9%, chủ yếu là béo phì độ I (21,1%), béo phì độ II chỉ chiếm 0,8%. Không có trường hợp đối tượng nào được ghi nhận là nhẹ cân. Có 76,9% người bệnh Glucose máu bình thường, đối với nam giới có tỷ lệ bình thường là 76,4%, nữ giới là 77,3%. Phần lớn, người bệnh đã kiểm soát được Triglyceride và Cholesterol tỷ lệ là 79,3% và 70,1%. Kết luận: Tình trạng dinh dưỡng tiền béo phì và béo phì vẫn chiếm tỷ lệ cao trong số các đối tượng nghiên cứu, cần có những giải pháp giúp người bệnh kiểm soát tình trạng dinh dưỡng và huyết áp hiệu quả hơn.
Climatic impacts on mortality in pre-industrial Sweden
Authors: Chen Tzu Tung , Edvinsson Rodney , Modig Karin , Linderholm Hans W. , Ljungqvist Fredrik Charpentier 
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Climate variability and change, as well as extreme weather events, have notable impacts on human health and mortality. In historical times, the effect of climate on health and mortality was stronger than today, owing to factors such as poor housing and healthcare, along with the nutrition status that was meditated through climatic impacts on food production. Despite this, climatic impacts on mortality in the past remain poorly understood. This study aims to improve the understanding of climate effects on mortality using annual mortality records and meteorological data from Sweden between 1749 and 1859. The analysis includes the entire population, as well as subgroups based on sex and age. A statistically significant negative correlation was found between late winter and spring temperatures and mortality (i.e. lower temperatures equal higher mortality, and vice versa). We demonstrate that colder late winter and spring seasons were linked to higher mortality levels, not only for the same year but also for the following year. Conversely, no statistically significant associations were observed between summer or autumn temperatures and mortality, and only weak associations existed with hydroclimate. The impact of late winter and spring season temperature on mortality was most pronounced for the same year in southern Sweden and during the 19th century but stronger for the following year in central Sweden and during the 18th century. These findings call for further research, especially with respect to investigating specific diseases and additional factors contributing to the observed increase in mortality following cold late winter and spring seasons in Sweden during the late pre-industrial period.
formación de la habilidad interpretar el proceso de hemostasia en la carrera de Bioanálisis Clínico: Sistematización teórica
Authors: Castell Ramos Yurisan , Lum Dopico Nivia , Márquez Marrero Juan Lázaro 
Published: January 2025

La complejidad del contexto nacional e internacional y el impetuoso avance de la ciencia y la tecnología, han propiciado que las universidades Médicas estén llamadas a realizar transformaciones en sus diseños, en pos de formar un profesional integral e imbuido de valores éticos que le permitan brindar servicios de excelencia y contribuir al desarrollo sostenible del país. El artículo está dirigido a sistematizar los resultados teóricos de una investigación acerca del proceso de formación de la habilidad interpretar el proceso de hemostasia en la carrera de Bioanálisis Clínico en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río. Los principales métodos fueron el dialéctico- materialista como general que permite la materialización de la unidad de la teoría y la práctica, a partir de un enfoque sistémico y generalizador, junto a métodos teóricos como el análisis histórico-lógico y sus procedimientos, el análisis y la síntesis y la inducción y la deducción, para llegar a conclusiones y hacer generalizaciones. Los resultados estuvieron en la sistematización histórico y teórico de la formación de la habilidad interpretar el proceso de hemostasia en la carrera de Bioanálisis Clínico, en los contextos nacional e internacional. Como conclusiones se refuerza la necesidad creciente del perfeccionamiento para la formación de recursos humanos capaces de asimilar el desarrollo acelerado que experimentan las Ciencias Médicas
Cuidado Centrado na pessoa
Authors: Da Silva Lopes Willian , De Oliveira Márcio Moysés , Dos Santos Leonardo Hunaldo , Santos Garcia Maria Raimunda , Lacerda Barbosa Maria do Carmo 
Published: January 2025

As Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais do Curso de Medicina primam pelo fortalecimento da formação na Atenção Primária priorizando, no âmbito da atenção à saúde, o cuidado centrado na pessoa. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar o impacto da integração ensino-serviço para o desenvolvimento dessa habilidade, através de pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, utilizando o questionário de Percepção do Cuidado Centrado na Pessoa. O universo da pesquisa foi composto por três grupos: médicos com e sem atividade docente-assistencial e alunos de medicina no internato. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos pelos profissionais com vínculo na atenção primária, sem atividade docente assistencial. O baixo desempenho dos internos sugere a necessidade de estratégias para aproximar a universidade dos serviços de saúde e garantir a qualificação docente, com vistas à aquisição de habilidades necessárias aos estudantes de medicina, para o desenvolvimento de boas práticas de cuidado centrado na pessoa.
Why Salesman Is Important
Authors: Centola Steven R. , Roudané Matthew , Abbotson Susan , Campo Carlos , Marino Stephen , Livesay Lew , Dominik Jane K. , Polster Joshua , Palmer David , Espejo-Romero Ramon 
Published: January 2025

abstract
This piece is a compilation of commentary about the significance of Death of a Salesman seventy-five years after its Broadway debut.
Cormac McCarthy’s “Truth That Would Silence Poetry a Thousand Years”: The Atomic Bomb and the Fate of the West in The Passenger and Stella Maris
Authors: Hawkins Ty 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
This article asks why, for Cormac McCarthy’s 2022 duology, the United States’ 1945 deployment of the atomic bomb “sealed forever” the West’s fate. To answer that question, the article revisits a foundational argument that runs not just through McCarthy’s last novels, but rather his entire oeuvre: whether the human person’s generative or analytical capacity possesses priority. McCarthy frames this distinction as one between “poetry” and “number.” What the bombing of Hiroshima should have taught us, he contends, is that while the “poetry” we share and live does indeed possess primacy, the negative potential of humankind’s intellection—the destructiveness of “number”—is so vast that it can end poetry altogether. For McCarthy, moreover, the atomic bombing already has ended the “poem” that was Western civilization.
Eurydice’s Rhythm Changes (Sarah Ruhl)
Authors: Pettit Alexander 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The heroine of Sara Ruhl’s Eurydice finds meaning in music, specifically rhythm. Eurydice’s song is George and Ira Gershwin’s heavily syncopated “I Got Rhythm” (1930), which distinguishes her from her husband, Orpheus, with whom Ruhl associates the rhythmically tame “Don’t Sit Under the Apple Tree (With Anyone Else but Me).” Music, Orpheus’s province in myth, marks Eurydice’s growth beyond her callow wannabe tutor.
Femi Osofisan or Ahmed Yerima?
Authors: Okpadah Stephen Ogheneruro 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The aim of modern African drama was to disrupt the grip of Western tradition on performances on the continent, and to propagate indigenous narratives. There was an extensive enterprise at decolonizing colonized cultural spaces. Playwrights such as Ngugi Wa Thiong’o in Kenya and Efua Sutherland in Ghana incorporated traditional performance aesthetics in their works as a way of advancing the decolonial agenda. In Nigeria, apart from the Nobel Laureate for literature, Wole Soyinka, two dramatists that have been able to bridge their corpus of works with the ideology of their times are the socialist, Femi Osofisan, and the postmodernist, Ahmed Yerima. Although numerous contentions abound in regard to the most prominent of these two dramatists, this article uses content analysis method to examine their works and contributions to theatre practice in Nigeria and Africa. The study investigates the ideo-aesthetics, and style of the two playwrights, and the relevance of their works to their immediate societies.