bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Oral Neurokinin-1 Antagonist Aprepitant for the Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: A Multinational, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial in Patients Receiving High-Dose Cisplatin—The Aprepitant Protocol 052 Study Group
Authors: Hesketh Paul J. , Grunberg Steven M. , Gralla Richard J. , Warr David G. , Roila Fausto , de Wit Ronald , Chawla Sant P. , Carides Alexandra D. , Ianus Juliana , Elmer Mary E. , Evans Judith K. , Beck Klaus , Reines Scott , Horgan Kevin J. 
Published: October 2003

Purpose: In early clinical trials with patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy, the neurokinin antagonist aprepitant significantly enhanced the efficacy of a standard antiemetic regimen consisting of a type-three 5-hydroxytryptamine antagonist and a corticosteroid. This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III study was performed to establish definitively the superiority of the aprepitant regimen versus standard therapy in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). Patients and Methods: Patients receiving cisplatin ≥ 70 mg/m2 for the first time were given either standard therapy (ondansetron and dexamethasone on day 1; dexamethasone on days 2 to 4) or an aprepitant regimen (aprepitant plus ondansetron and dexamethasone on day 1; aprepitant and dexamethasone on days 2 to 3; dexamethasone on day 4). Patients recorded nausea and vomiting episodes in a diary. The primary end point was complete response (no emesis and no rescue therapy) on days 1 to 5 postcisplatin, analyzed by a modified intent-to-treat approach. Treatment comparisons were made using logistic regression models. Tolerability was assessed by reported adverse events and physical and laboratory assessments. Results: The percentage of patients with complete response on days 1 to 5 was significantly higher in the aprepitant group (72.7% [n = 260] v 52.3% in the standard therapy group [n = 260]), as were the percentages on day 1, and especially on days 2 to 5 (P < .001 for all three comparisons). Conclusion: Compared with standard dual therapy, addition of aprepitant was generally well tolerated and provided consistently superior protection against CINV in patients receiving highly emetogenic cisplatin-based chemotherapy.
Long-Term Results of First-Line Sequential High-Dose Etoposide, Ifosfamide, and Cisplatin Chemotherapy Plus Autologous Stem Cell Support for Patients With Advanced Metastatic Germ Cell Cancer: An Extended Phase I/II Study of the German Testicular Cancer Study Group
Authors: Schmoll H.-J. , Kollmannsberger C. , Metzner B. , Hartmann J.T. , Schleucher N. , Schöffski P. , Schleicher J. , Rick O. , Beyer J. , Hossfeld D. , Kanz L. , Berdel W.E. , Andreesen R. , Bokemeyer C. 
Published: October 2003

Purpose: Patients with disseminated germ cell cancer and poor prognosis (International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group [IGCCCG] classification) achieve only a 45% to 50% long-term survival by standard chemotherapy. First-line high-dose chemotherapy might be able to improve the result. This analysis reports toxicity and long-term results of a large phase I/II study of sequential high-dose etoposide, ifosfamide, and cisplatin (VIP) in patients with advanced germ cell tumors. Patients and Methods: Between July 1993 and November 1999, 221 patients with either Indiana “advanced disease” (n = 39) or IGCCCG “poor prognosis” criteria (n = 182) received one cycle of VIP followed by three to four sequential cycles of high-dose VIP chemotherapy plus stem cell support, every 3 weeks, at six consecutive dose levels. Results: Dose limiting toxicity occurred at level 8 (100 mg/m2 cisplatinum, 1750 mg/m2 etoposide, 12 g/m2 ifosfamide) with grade 4 mucositis (three of eight patients), grade 3 CNS toxicity (one of eight patients), grade 4 renal toxicity (one of eight patients), and prolonged granulocytopenia (one of eight patients). After 4-year median follow-up, progression-free survival and disease-specific survival rates in the poor prognosis subgroup were 69% and 79% at 2 years and 68% and 73% at 5 years, with 76% for gonadal/retroperitoneal versus 67% for mediastinal primaries. Severe toxicity included treatment related death (4%), treatment-related acute myeloid leukemia (1%), long-term impared renal function (3%), chronic renal failure (1%), and persistant grade 2–3 neuropathy (5%). Conclusion: Repetitive cycles of high-dose VIP with peripheral stem cell support can be successfully applied in a multicenter setting. Dose level 6 with cisplatin 100 mg/m2, etoposide 1500 mg/m2, and ifosfamide 10 g/m2 is recommended for further investigation in randomized trials. An ongoing randomized trial within the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer evaluates this protocol against four cycles of standard cisplatin, etoposide, and bleomycin.
Addition of the Oral NK1 Antagonist Aprepitant to Standard Antiemetics Provides Protection Against Nausea and Vomiting During Multiple Cycles of Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy
Authors: de Wit R. , Herrstedt J. , Rapoport B. , Carides A.D. , Carides G. , Elmer M. , Schmidt C. , Evans J.K. , Horgan K.J. 
Published: October 2003

Purpose: This analysis evaluated whether the antiemetic efficacy of the NK1 receptor antagonist aprepitant (EMEND™, Merck, Whitehouse Station, NJ) plus standard antiemetics could be sustained for up to six cycles of cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Patients and Methods: Patients receiving cisplatin ≥ 70 mg/m2 were blindly assigned to receive one of the following three regimens: (1) aprepitant 375 mg 1 hour before cisplatin on day 1 and aprepitant 250 mg on days 2 to 5 (n = 35); (2) aprepitant 125 mg before cisplatin and aprepitant 80 mg on days 2 to 5 (n = 81); or (3) placebo before cisplatin on days 2 to 5 (n = 86). All groups received ondansetron 32 mg and dexamethasone 20 mg before cisplatin, and dexamethasone 8 mg on days 2 to 5. The primary end point was complete response (no emesis and no rescue therapy) over 5 days following cisplatin in up to six cycles. A cumulative probability analysis using a model for transitional probabilities was used to analyze the data. The aprepitant 375/250-mg regimen was discontinued early in light of new pharmacokinetic data. Results: In the first cycle, 64% of patients in the aprepitant group and 49% in the standard therapy group had a complete response. Thereafter, complete response rates for the aprepitant group were still 59% by cycle 6, but decreased to 34% by cycle 6 for the standard therapy group. Reasons for discontinuation were similar across treatment groups. Conclusion: Compared with patients who received standard therapy, those who received only the aprepitant regimen had better and more sustained protection against chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting over multiple cycles.
Nitric Oxide Regulates Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-κB Ligand and Osteoprotegerin Expression in Bone Marrow Stromal Cells
Authors: Fan Xian , Roy Eileen , Zhu Liping , Murphy Tamara C. , Ackert-Bicknell Cheryl , Hart C. Michael , Rosen Clifford , Nanes Mark S. , Rubin Janet 
Published: October 2003

AbstractBone remodeling reflects an equilibrium between bone resorption and formation. The local expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in bone determines the entry of monoblastic precursors into the osteoclast lineage and subsequent bone resorption. Nitric oxide (NO) inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption in vitro and regulates bone remodeling in vivo. An interaction of NO with RANKL and OPG has not been studied. Here, we show that treatment of ST-2 murine stromal cells with the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (100 μm) for 24 h inhibited 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3-induced RANKL mRNA to less than 33 ± 7% of control level, whereas OPG mRNA increased to 204 ± 19% of control. NOR-4 replicated these NO effects. The effects of NO were dose dependent and associated with changes in protein levels: RANKL protein decreased and OPG protein increased after treatment with NO. PTH-induced RANKL expression in primary stromal cells was inhibited by sodium nitroprusside, indicating that the NO effect did not require vitamin D. NO donor did not change the stability of RANKL or OPG mRNAs, suggesting that NO affected transcription. Finally, cGMP, which can function as a second messenger for NO, did not reproduce the NO effect, nor did inhibition of endogenous guanylate cyclase prevent the NO effect on these osteoactive genes. The effect of NO to decrease the RANKL/OPG equilibrium should lead to decreased recruitment of osteoclasts and positive bone formation. Thus, drugs and conditions that cause local increase in NO formation in bone may have positive effects on bone remodeling.
The safety and efficacy of indinavir and ritonavir (400/400 mg BID) in HIV-1-infected individuals from an inner-city minority population: a pilot study
Authors: Jayaweera D T , Scerpella E , Robinson M , Rode R , Campo R , Rodriguez A , Asthana D , Tanner T , Kolber M A 
Published: October 2003

We evaluated the safety and efficacy of indinavir 400 mg and ritonavir 400 mg twice daily (RIT/IND 400/400) in HIV-1-infected individuals, using an open label, proof of concept study. All patients received indinavir 400 mg and ritonavir 400 mg twice daily. Patients were followed up to 48 weeks. Nineteen subjects were enrolled, 11 (58%) men and eight (42%) women. The majority were American Black (nine; 47%) or Haitian (eight; 42%). The median baseline plasma HIV-1 viral load (VL) was 5.13 log10 copies/mL and the median CD4 cell count was 112 cells/mm3. The proportion of compliant patients with VL <400 copies/mL at week 24 was 60% compared with 0% for non-compliant patients ( P=0.011 [intent-to-treat] or P=0.085 [on-treatment]). VL at week 4 predicted week 24 VL response. Compliant patients had a median average CD4 cell count increase of 83.2 cells/mm3 compared with 42.0 cells/mm3 for non-compliant patients (P=0.010). The median average changes in triglycerides and cholesterol were significantly higher in compliant patients. This is a potent, safe combination for the treatment of HIV-1. VL at week 4 is predictive of viral outcome at week 24. Fasting serum cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly elevated during the study.
Detection of candida by polymerase chain reaction vs microscopy and culture in women diagnosed as recurrent vulvovaginal cases
Authors: Mårdh Per-Anders , Novikova Natalia , Witkin Steven S , Korneeva Ilona , Rodriques Alcasio R 
Published: October 2003

The objectives were to compare the outcome of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), culture and microscopy of introital and vaginal samples for detection of candida in women with a history of recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis (RVVC). One hundred and three women with a history of RVVC, i.e. with at least four episodes of the condition in the previous year and who consulted with complaints consistent with a new episode, were studied. Introital and vaginal swabs were cultured on Sabouraud and CHROMagar®. Isolated strains were identified on the chromogenic agar and by API 32C kits and by Vitek® automatized identification system (BioMérieux, France). PCR for detection of Candida spp. was performed on vaginal lavage fluid. There was a complete agreement in the recovery rate when using the two agar media. However, complete concordance was not obtained between culture and PCR. In 32 (43.8%) of 73 women both PCR and culture were positive, and in 17 (23.3%) both were negative. In 15 (20.5%), only cultures proved positive, while in another 13 (17.8%) patients only the PCR was positive. Four of the PCR-negative became PCR-positive on retesting after dilution of the sample to try to reduce any potential putative PCR inhibitors. In the 47 PCR-positive women, 26 (55.3%) of the introital smears and 31 (65.9%) posterior vaginal smears showed candida morphotypes. In the 25 PCR-negative women, the corresponding figures were 9 (36.0%) and 17 (68.0%), respectively. The PCR test identified Candida albicans in 21 (87.5%) instances, but failed to do so in three (12.5%) cases in which the metabolic/assimilation tests were positive for this species. The corresponding figures for non- albicans Candida spp. were four (57%) and three (43%), respectively. The study of women with RVVC did not show any uniform agreement between the different diagnostic methods used to identify candida in genital samples or for speciation of yeast isolates. Thus reliance only on microscopy, culture or PCR may lead to inaccurate results.
Knee flexion during stair ambulation is altered in individuals with patellofemoral pain
Authors: Crossley Kay M. , Cowan Sallie M. , Bennell Kim L. , McConnell Jenny 
Published: October 2003

AbstractReduced knee flexion is a logical gait adaptation for individuals with patellofemoral pain (PFP) to lessen the patellofemoral joint reaction force and minimise pain during stair ambulation. This gait adaptation may be related to the co‐ordination of individual vasti components.Purpose: This study investigated the amount of stance‐phase knee flexion in individuals with (n = 48) and without (n = 18) PFP using a cross‐sectional design. The relationship between stance‐phase knee flexion and onset timing of individual vasti activity was also examined.Method: Stance‐phase knee flexion was measured in 2‐dimensions using a PEAK movement analysis system during stair ascent and descent. Individuals with PFP were separated into those with synchronous onset of the EMG activity of vastus medialis obliquus (VMO) and vastus lateralis (VL), and those where the onset of VMO EMG activity was delayed relative to the VL.Results: The amount of knee flexion at heel‐strike and peak was less in the individuals with PFP compared with the healthy controls. In addition, there were trends towards individuals with PFP who had a delayed EMG onset of VL having reduced knee flexion during stair descent compared with PFP individuals with simultaneous vasti onsets and the control participants.Conclusion: These results indicate that the amount of stance‐phase knee flexion is lower in individuals with PFP and that this may be related to onset timing of the vasti. © 2003 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Effects of h‐PTH on cancellous bone mass, connectivity, and bone strength in ovariectomized rats with and without sciatic‐neurectomy
Authors: Kasukawa Y. , Miyakoshi N. , Itoi E. , Tsuchida T. , Tamura Y. , Kudo T. , Suzuki K. , Seki A. , Sato K. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine whether h‐PTH (1‐34) treatment would recover cancellous bone connectivity and bone strength in ovariectomized (OVX) or ovariectomized and sciatic‐neurectomized (OVX + NX) rats. Seven‐month‐old female Wistar rats were treated with h‐PTH or vehicle (6.0 μg/kg, six times a week, subcutaneously) for four weeks beginning 4, 8, or 12 weeks after OVX or OVX + NX. These were compared to age‐matched baseline and sham‐operated groups. Right tibiae were used for bone histomorphometry and node‐strut analysis, and left tibiae were used for mechanical testing. The bone formation rates in the OVX and OVX + NX rats treated with h‐PTH were significantly higher than those in their baseline controls, h‐PTH treatment increased the node numbers and failure energies in the OVX rats, compared to their baseline controls, at all time points. However, in the OVX + NX rats, the effects of h‐PTH treatment on the node number and failure energy were observed only at four weeks after surgery, but not at eight weeks or 12 weeks after surgery. These results suggest that the lowest limit, at which trabecular connectivity and bone strength are able to be restored by h‐PTH, occurred between four and eight weeks in OVX + NX rats, but not in OVX rats, h‐PTH cannot recover trabecular connectivity and bone strength in advanced osteopenia. © 2003 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
PERTURBATIONS OF VECTOR FIELDS ON TORI: RESONANT NORMAL FORMS AND DIOPHANTINE PHENOMENA
Authors: Dickinson Detta , Gramchev Todor , Yoshino Masafumi 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThis paper concerns perturbations of smooth vector fields on $\mathbb{T}^n$ (constant if $n\geq3$) with zeroth-order $C^\infty$ and Gevrey $G^\sigma$, $\sigma\geq1$, pseudodifferential operators. Simultaneous resonance is introduced and simultaneous resonant normal forms are exhibited (via conjugation with an elliptic pseudodifferential operator) under optimal simultaneous Diophantine conditions outside the resonances. In the $C^\infty$ category the results are complete, while in the Gevrey category the effect of the loss of the Gevrey regularity of the conjugating operators due to Diophantine conditions is encountered. The normal forms are used to study global hypoellipticity in $C^\infty$ and Gevrey $G^\sigma$. Finally, the exceptional sets associated with the simultaneous Diophantine conditions are studied. A generalized Hausdorff dimension is used to give precise estimates of the ‘size’ of different exceptional sets, including some inhomogeneous examples.AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 37C15; 11J13. Secondary 58J40; 11J20; 35H05
SPECIAL PRECOVERS IN COTORSION THEORIES
Authors: Akinci Karen D. , Alizade Rafail 
Published: October 2003

AbstractA cotorsion theory is defined as a pair of classes Ext-orthogonal to each other. We give a hereditary condition (HC) which is satisfied by the (flat, cotorsion) cotorsion theory and give properties satisfied by arbitrary cotorsion theories with an HC. Given a cotorsion theory with an HC, we consider the class of all modules having a special precover with respect to the first class in the cotorsion theory and show that this class is closed under extensions. We then raise the question of whether this class is resolving or coresolving.AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 18G15. Secondary 18E40
GENERAL CONVERGENCE IN QUASI-NORMAL FAMILIES
Authors: Lorentzen Lisa 
Published: October 2003

AbstractMontel introduced the concept of quasi-normal families $f:\varOmega\to\mathbb{C}$ in 1922: $\mathcal{F}$ is quasi-normal of order $N$ if every sequence $\{f_n\}$ from $\mathcal{F}$ has a subsequence which converges uniformly on compact subsets of $\varOmega\setminus Z^\dagger$, where $Z^\dagger\subset\varOmega$ contains at most $N\in\mathbb{N}$ elements. ($\mathcal{F}$ is of order $N:=\infty$ if every such exceptional set $Z^\dagger$ is finite.) The problem is that $Z^\dagger$ normally depends on the subsequence. So even if every sequence has a subsequence which converges to a given function $f$ in $\varOmega$ except at $N$ points, the sequence itself may not converge in any domain $D\subseteq\varOmega$.In this paper we introduce the concept of general convergence. Indeed, $\{f_n\}$ above converges generally to $f$. We also introduce a related concept, restrained sequences, and study some of their properties. The definitions extend earlier concepts introduced for sequences of linear fractional transformations.AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 20H10; 30B70; 30D45; 30F35; 58F08
ON ISOMETRIC MINIMAL IMMERSIONS FROM WARPED PRODUCTS INTO REAL SPACE FORMS
Authors: Chen Bang-Yen 
Published: October 2003

AbstractWe establish a general sharp inequality for warped products in real space form. As applications, we show that if the warping function $f$ of a warped product $N_1\times_fN_2$ is a harmonic function, then(1) every isometric minimal immersion of $N_1\times_fN_2$ into a Euclidean space is locally a warped-product immersion, and(2) there are no isometric minimal immersions from $N_1\times_f N_2$ into hyperbolic spaces.Moreover, we prove that if either $N_1$ is compact or the warping function $f$ is an eigenfunction of the Laplacian with positive eigenvalue, then $N_1\times_f N_2$ admits no isometric minimal immersion into a Euclidean space or a hyperbolic space for any codimension. We also provide examples to show that our results are sharp.AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 53C40; 53C42; 53B25
SEPARATING MILLIKEN–TAYLOR SYSTEMS WITH NEGATIVE ENTRIES
Authors: Hindman Neil , Leader Imre , Strauss Dona 
Published: October 2003

AbstractGiven a finite sequence $\bm{a}=\langle a_i\rangle_{i=1}^n$ in $\mathbb{N}$ and a sequence $\langle x_t\rangle_{t=1}^\infty$ in $\mathbb{N}$, the Milliken–Taylor system generated by $\bm{a}$ and $\langle x_t\rangle_{t=1}^\infty$ is\begin{multline*} \qquad \mathrm{MT}(\bm{a},\langle x_t\rangle_{t=1}^\infty)=\biggl\{\sum_{i=1}^na_i\cdot\sum_{t\in F_i}x_t:F_1,F_2,\dots,F_n\text{ are finite non-empty} \\[-8pt] \text{subsets of $\mathbb{N}$ with }\max F_i\lt\min F_{i+1}\text{ for }i\ltn\biggr\}.\qquad \end{multline*}It is known that Milliken–Taylor systems are partition regular but not consistent. More precisely, if $\bm{a}$ and $\bm{b}$ are finite sequences in $\mathbb{N}$, then, except in trivial cases, there is a partition of $\mathbb{N}$ into two cells, neither of which contains $\mathrm{MT}(\bm{a},\langle x_t\rangle_{t=1}^\infty)\cup \mathrm{MT}(\bm{b},\langle y_t\rangle_{t=1}^\infty)$ for any sequences $\langle x_t\rangle_{t=1}^\infty$ and $\langle y_t\rangle_{t=1}^\infty$.Our aim in this paper is to extend the above result to allow negative entries in $\bm{a}$ and $\bm{b}$. We do so with a proof which is significantly shorter and simpler than the original proof which applied only to positive coefficients. We also derive some results concerning the existence of solutions of certain linear equations in $\beta\mathbb{Z}$. In particular, we show that the ability to guarantee the existence of $\mathrm{MT}(\bm{a},\langle x_t\rangle_{t=1}^\infty)\cup \mathrm{MT}(\bm{b},\langle y_t\rangle_{t=1}^\infty)$ in one cell of a partition is equivalent to the ability to find idempotents $p$ and $q$ in $\beta\mathbb{N}$ such that $a_1\cdot p+a_2\cdot p+\cdots+a_n\cdot p=b_1\cdot q+b_2\cdot q+\cdots+b_m\cdot q$, and thus determine exactly when the latter has a solution.AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 05D10. Secondary 22A15; 54H13
EXACTNESS OF CUNTZ–PIMSNER C*-ALGEBRAS
Authors: Dykema Kenneth J. , Shlyakhtenko Dimitri 
Published: October 2003

AbstractLet $H$ be a full Hilbert bimodule over a $C^*$-algebra $A$. We show that the Cuntz–Pimsner algebra associated to $H$ is exact if and only if $A$ is exact. Using this result, we give alternative proofs for exactness of reduced amalgamated free products of exact $C^*$-algebras. In the case in which $A$ is a finite-dimensional $C^*$-algebra, we also show that the Brown–Voiculescu topological entropy of Bogljubov automorphisms of the Cuntz–Pimsner algebra associated to an $A,A$ Hilbert bimodule is zero.AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 46L08. Secondary 46L09; 46L54
GERMANY'S FIRST REPUBLIC
Authors: HOUSDEN MARTYN 
Published: October 2003

Republik ohne Chance? Akzeptanz und Legitimation der Weimarer Republik in der deutschen Tagespresse zwischen 1918 und 1923. By Burkhard Asmuss. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1994. Pp. 619. ISBN 3-110-14197-3. DM280.00.Heinrich Brüning and the dissolution of the Weimar Republic. By William L. Patch. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. Pp. 358. ISBN 0-521-62422-3. £42.50.National identity and Weimar Germany: Upper Silesia and the eastern border, 1918–1922. By T. Hunt Tooley. Lincoln, Nebraska, and London: University of Nebraska Press, 1997. Pp. 320. ISBN 0-803-24429-0. £53.00.Reichswehr und Rote Armee, 1920–1933: Wege und Stationen einer ungewönlichen Zusammenarbeit. By Manfred Zeidler. Munich: R. Oldenbourg Verlag, 1993. Pp. 375. ISBN 3-486-55966-4. DM78.00.