bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of bone defect morphology for the adjunctive use of bone grafting combined with enamel matrix derivative: A 3‐year cohort study
Authors: Matsuura Takanori , Mikami Risako , Mizutani Koji , Shioyama Hidehiro , Aoyama Norio , Suda Tomonari , Kusunoki Yukako , Takeda Kohei , Izumi Yuichi , Aida Jun , Aoki Akira , Iwata Takanori 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere have been limited studies with statistically sufficient sample sizes for assessment of suitable bone defect morphology for combination therapy with enamel matrix derivative (EMD) and bone grafting. The aim of this study was to investigate the appropriate feature of intrabony defects, such as bone defect angle (DA) and the containment by bony wall, for yielding the additional benefit of bone grafting in combination with periodontal regenerative therapy using EMD.MethodsFollowing periodontal regenerative therapy using EMD with or without autologous bone grafting, 282 intrabony defects of 177 participants were maintained for 3 years. Multilevel linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the radiographic bony defect depth (RBD) reduction after adjusting for confounders.ResultsThe baseline parameters, except for the proportion of contained bony defects and tooth mobility, did not differ significantly between the groups with and without bone grafts. There was no significant difference in the improvement of clinical parameters between the groups. The 1‐ and 3‐year reduction of RBD showed significant inverse correlations with preoperative DA only in the group without bone graft. Furthermore, multivariate analysis showed a significant interaction between DA at baseline ≥40° and adjunctive bone grafting in the reduction of RBD, regardless of the number of bony walls.ConclusionAdjunctive autologous bone grafting with enamel matrix derivative might be significantly beneficial for defect depth improvement in the case of DA at baseline ≥40°.
Identifying Slim Modiolar Electrode Tip Fold‐Over With Intracochlear Electrocochleography
Authors: Varghese Jordan J. , Walia Amit , Lefler Shannon M. , Ortmann Amanda J. , Shew Matthew A. , Durakovic Nedim , Wick Cameron C. , Herzog Jacques A. , Buchman Craig A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the predictive value of intracochlear electrocochleography (ECochG) for identifying tip fold‐over during cochlear implantation (CI) using the slim modiolar electrode (SME) array.Study DesignProspective cohort study.SettingTertiary referral center.MethodsFrom July 2022 to June 2023, 142 patients, including adults and children, underwent intracochlear ECochG monitoring during and after SME placement. Tone‐bursts were presented from 250 Hz to 2 kHz at 108 to 114 dB HL. A fast Fourier transform (FFT) allowed for frequency‐specific evaluation of ECochG response. ECochG patterns during insertion and postinsertion were evaluated using sensitivity and specificity analysis to predict tip fold‐over. Intraoperative plain radiographs served as a reference standard.ResultsFifteen tip fold‐over cases occurred (10.6%) with significant ECochG response (>2 µV). Sixty‐one cases without tip fold‐over occurred (43.0%) with significant ECochG response. All tip fold‐overs had both a nontonotopic postinsertion sweep and nonrobust active insertion pattern. No patients with robust insertion or tonotopic sweep patterns had tip fold‐over. Sensitivity of detecting tip fold‐over when having both nonrobust insertion and nontonotopic sweep patterns was 100% (95% confidence inteval [CI] 78.2%‐100%), specificity was 68.9% (95% CI 55.7%‐80.1%), and the overall accuracy was 72.0% (95% CI 60.5%‐81.7%).ConclusionIntracochlear ECochG monitoring during cochlear implantation with the SME can be a valuable tool for identifying properly positioned electrode arrays. In cases where ECochG patterns are nonrobust on insertion and nontonotopic for electrode sweeps, there may be a concern for tip fold‐over, and intraoperative imaging is necessary to confirm proper insertion.
Efficacy of S53P4 Bioactive Glass for the Secondary Obliteration of Chronically Discharging Radical Cavities
Authors: Kroon Victor J. , Mes Steven W. , Borggreven Pepijn A. , van de Langenberg Rick , Colnot David R. , Quak Jasper J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivePresent the results of the secondary obliteration of chronically discharging radical cavities using S53P4 bioactive glass (BAG).Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingSingle‐center study.MethodsA single‐center retrospective cohort study was conducted of all patients that underwent secondary obliteration of persistently draining radical cavities using S53P4 BAG between 2011 and 2022. Patients with middle ear cholesteatoma were excluded. The main outcome was postoperative otorrhea, as indicated by Merchant grading.ResultsIn total, 97 patients were included. The median postoperative follow‐up time was 3.9 years (range 0.5‐10.4). Average time between the original canal wall down surgery and the secondary obliteration was 25.3 years (SD 11.7, range 2‐66). At the most recent follow‐up visit, a Merchant grade of 0 to 1 was observed in 95% of the cases. There were no cases of sensorineural hearing loss or facial palsy, one case developed a retro auricular skin defect and 1 patient developed CSF leakage. Minor complications were seen in 10 patients (10%). Ossicular chain reconstruction with a titanium prosthesis was performed in 42 cases, resulting in a median improvement of 11.2 dB in air conduction thresholds. In 9/42 cases (21%), closure of the postoperative air‐bone gap to ≤20 dB was achieved. Twenty‐five percent of cases could be discharged from out‐patient visits.ConclusionRevision of persistently draining radical cavities with BAG obliteration is feasible and results in a dry and safe ear in 95% of the patients, thereby enabling wearing of a conventional hearing aid. Out‐patient visits could be ceased in 25% of the cases.
‘To say report it, well, it seems a little useless’: Evaluating Australians' expectations of online service providers and reducing online child sexual exploitation
Authors: Maxwell Francis , Salter Michael , Peleg Noam 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOnline service providers (OSPs) provide a range of opportunities for individuals to engage in online child sexual exploitation, including the production and distribution of child sexual abuse material. As the failings of opaque content moderation systems have become apparent, a range of states have proposed or implemented new regulatory measures, amidst ongoing debates over the legitimacy of state intervention in online communication. This paper presents the findings of a survey of 482 Australian adults regarding their expectations of technology companies and governments in relation to key issues of online child protection. The results suggest strong demands for greater action by OSPs against sexual exploitation, and for governments to legally enshrine some obligations for OSPs, as well as concern about the privacy of innocent users and about the data handling and cybersecurity of governments and technology companies. These findings indicate that governments and OSPs which are seeking to construct meaningful action against online child sexual exploitation might find significant support among the general public for such measures. Equally, these are very sensitive areas of governance for many. Governments and companies would draw significant assistance from understanding the views of users when navigating these challenging issues and ensuring that their measures are carefully calibrated to their legitimate concerns.
Moderating manipulation: Demystifying extremist tactics for gaming the (regulatory) system
Authors: Mattheis Ashley A. , Kingdon Ashton 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDue to its ease of scalability and broad applicability, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning in platform management has gained prominence. This has led to widespread debates about the use of deplatforming as the default tool for repeated or severe violations of terms or service. But technologically deterministic approaches are not infallible and can be predictable based on their actions. This opens the door for manipulation of media content and technological affordances to become tactical options for actors seeking to subvert regulation. Existing discussions often neglect the topic of manipulation of content, algorithms, or platform affordances as a primary aspect of the strategies used by extremists in relation to the difficulties of moderation from a policy perspective. This study argues that it is essential to understand how extremists and conspiracy theorists use manipulation tactics to ‘game’ the current policy, regulatory and legislative systems of content moderation. Developing approaches that attend to manipulation as a strategy and focus on platform and context‐specific tactics will generate more effective policies, platform rules, AI developments and moderation procedures. This study analyses and demystifies three primary tactics, which the authors categorize as numerology, borderlands and merchandising, regularly used by extremists online in their strategies to ‘game’ content moderation. We provide case examples from a variety of ideologies including far‐right, QAnon and male supremacism to highlight the tactics rather than ideological nature of such manipulation. We conclude with a discussion of how demystification processes could be incorporated into content moderation settings. This study contributes new insights about evasion tactics to the content moderation discussion and expands current understanding of how platforms can develop sociotechnical remedial measures.
Assessment of long‐term medication adherence with cystic fibrosis: An integrated approach
Authors: Platt Thomas , Kormelink Lauren N. , Autry Elizabeth B. , Rossoll Sara Jo , Kuhn Robert J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionCystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that creates a multisystem pathology resulting in complex treatment regimens. In 2014, 43% of people with CF at an academic medical center experienced medication acquisition barriers. The creation of an integrated specialty pharmacy with an embedded CF team pharmacist was launched in 2016. In addition to filling specialty medications, this specialty pharmacy filled all patient medications through a service called total care pharmacy (TCP). This service was hypothesized to positively impact medication adherence.MethodsAdherence analysis was performed by utilizing the proportion of days covered (PDC). PDC was analyzed during years 1, 2, and 3 of therapy. PDC was calculated for medications with at least three fills during each year. Patients with PDC less than 80% were considered nonadherent and underwent manual chart review to identify a documented reason for nonadherence.ResultsPatients in the first year of dornase alfa therapy had significantly higher adherence in the TCP cohort compared to non‐TCP (81.3% PDC vs. 66.0%; p = .006), which was largely driven by adult patients (73.3% vs. 56.5% for pediatric). Analysis of other medications and groups did not yield statistically significant differences. Many patients who had been classified as nonadherent had valid clinical reasons that explained gaps in therapy.ConclusionsWhen filling medications at a specialty pharmacy integrated within the academic medication center, dornase alfa adherence was higher in the TCP group. Further studies comparing TCP with services offered by pharmacies external to the health system would better characterize the impact of TCP services.
Specificity determinants revealed by the structure of glycosyltransferase Campylobacter concisusPglA
Authors: Vuksanovic Nemanja , Clasman Jozlyn R. , Imperiali Barbara , Allen Karen N. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn selected Campylobacter species, the biosynthesis of N‐linked glycoconjugates via the pgl pathway is essential for pathogenicity and survival. However, most of the membrane‐associated GT‐B fold glycosyltransferases responsible for diversifying glycans in this pathway have not been structurally characterized which hinders the understanding of the structural factors that govern substrate specificity and prediction of resulting glycan composition. Herein, we report the 1.8 Å resolution structure of Campylobacter concisus PglA, the glycosyltransferase responsible for the transfer of N‐acetylgalatosamine (GalNAc) from uridine 5′‐diphospho‐N‐acetylgalactosamine (UDP‐GalNAc) to undecaprenyl‐diphospho‐N,N′‐diacetylbacillosamine (UndPP‐diNAcBac) in complex with the sugar donor GalNAc. This study identifies distinguishing characteristics that set PglA apart within the GT4 enzyme family. Computational docking of the structure in the membrane in comparison to homologs points to differences in interactions with the membrane‐embedded acceptor and the structural analysis of the complex together with bioinformatics and site‐directed mutagenesis identifies donor sugar binding motifs. Notably, E113, conserved solely among PglA enzymes, forms a hydrogen bond with the GalNAc C6″‐OH. Mutagenesis of E113 reveals activity consistent with this role in substrate binding, rather than stabilization of the oxocarbenium ion transition state, a function sometimes ascribed to the corresponding residue in GT4 homologs. The bioinformatic analyses reveal a substrate‐specificity motif, showing that Pro281 in a substrate binding loop of PglA directs configurational preference for GalNAc over GlcNAc. This proline is replaced by a conformationally flexible glycine, even in distant homologs, which favor substrates with the same stereochemistry at C4, such as glucose. The signature loop is conserved across all Campylobacter PglA enzymes, emphasizing its importance in substrate specificity.
Children's exposure to STEM instruction in preschool and how they respond to it
Authors: Greenwood Charles R. , Irvin Dwight W. , Schnitz Alana G. , Buzhardt Jay 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEarly childhood is an opportune time to begin teaching STEM, and preschool education provides the opportunity. How children experience and respond to STEM in community‐based preschools is our focus. Using the CIRCLE classroom observation system, we examined how frequently and in what contexts preschool teachers provided STEM learning opportunities, and how children responded using quantitative–descriptive methods. Data were collected in 39 low‐socioeconomic status (SES), community‐based preschool classrooms on a stratified sample of 117 children that included mono‐English speaking children, dual language learners, and children with a diagnosed disability. Results indicated that children were exposed to nonacademic content 71% of the observed time. In contrast, STEM instruction occurred only 7% of the time, or about 6 min of our 90 min observation on a given day. When teachers provided STEM content, the probability that children were academically engaged was 0.57 compared with only 0.08 during nonacademic content. There were no statistically significant differences in STEM academic content received between girls and boys, children with versus without an Individualized Education Program (IEP), and English‐only speakers versus dual language learners. However, dual language learners were significantly less engaged during STEM than English‐only speakers. Implications are discussed.
Recent Advances in Reprogramming Strategy of Tumor Microenvironment for Rejuvenating Photosensitizers‐Mediated Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Yu Qing , Li Xia , Wang Juan , Guo Lanping , Huang Luqi , Gao Wenyuan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) has recently been considered a potential tumor therapy due to its time‐space specificity and non‐invasive advantages. PDT can not only directly kill tumor cells by using cytotoxic reactive oxygen species but also induce an anti‐tumor immune response by causing immunogenic cell death of tumor cells. Although it exhibits a promising prospect in treating tumors, there are still many problems to be solved in its practical application. Tumor hypoxia and immunosuppressive microenvironment seriously affect the efficacy of PDT. The hypoxic and immunosuppressive microenvironment is mainly due to the abnormal vascular matrix around the tumor, its abnormal metabolism, and the influence of various immunosuppressive‐related cells and their expressed molecules. Thus, reprogramming the tumor microenvironment (TME) is of great significance for rejuvenating PDT. This article reviews the latest strategies for rejuvenating PDT, from regulating tumor vascular matrix, interfering with tumor cell metabolism, and reprogramming immunosuppressive related cells and factors to reverse tumor hypoxia and immunosuppressive microenvironment. These strategies provide valuable information for a better understanding of the significance of TME in PDT and also guide the development of the next‐generation multifunctional nanoplatforms for PDT.
Cold to Hot: Tumor Immunotherapy by Promoting Vascular Normalization Based on PDGFB Nanocomposites
Authors: Ma Shouzheng , Tian Zhimin , Liu Lei , Zhu Jun , Wang Jing , Zhao Shoujie , Zhu Yejing , Zhu Jianfei , Wang Wenchen , Jiang Runmin , Qu Yongquan , Lei Jie , Zhao Junlong , Jiang Tao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractImmunotherapy is a promising cancer therapeutic strategy. However, the “cold” tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), characterized by insufficient immune cell infiltration and immunosuppressive status, limits the efficacy of immunotherapy. Tumor vascular abnormalities due to defective pericyte coverage are gradually recognized as a profound determinant in “cold” TIME establishment by hindering immune cell trafficking. Recently, several vascular normalization strategies by improving pericyte coverage have been reported, whereas have unsatisfactory efficacy and high rates of resistance. Herein, a combinatorial strategy to induce tumor vasculature‐targeted pericyte recruitment and zinc ion‐mediated immune activation with a platelet‐derived growth factor B (PDGFB)‐loaded, cyclo (Arg‐Gly‐Asp‐D‐Phe‐Lys)‐modified zeolitic imidazolate framework 8 (PDGFB@ZIF8‐RGD) nanoplatform is proposed. PDGFB@ZIF8‐RGD effectively induced tumor vascular normalization, which facilitated trafficking and infiltration of immune effector cells, including natural killer (NK) cells, M1‐like macrophages and CD8+ T cells, into tumor microenvironment. Simultaneously, vascular normalization promoted the accumulation of zinc ions inside tumors to trigger effector cell immune activation and effector molecule production. The synergy between these two effects endowed PDGFB@ZIF8‐RGD with superior capabilities in reprogramming the “cold” TIME to a “hot” TIME, thereby initiating robust antitumor immunity and suppressing tumor growth. This combinatorial strategy for improving immune effector cell infiltration and activation is a promising paradigm for solid tumor immunotherapy.
Methyltransferase‐like 3‐mediated m6A modification of miR‐1908‐5p contributes to nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression by targeting homeodomain‐only protein homeobox
Authors: Zhou Yuanhong , Li Wei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundN6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification interacting microRNAs (miRNAs) have been confirmed to participate in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) progression. This research investigated miR‐1908‐5p's function and regulatory mechanism in the tumorigenesis of NPC via m6A modification and targeting a key gene.MethodsThe levels of miR‐1908‐5p, homeodomain‐only protein homeobox (HOPX), and methyltransferase‐like 3 (METTL3) expressions were detected via RT‐qPCR. The correlation between miR‐1908‐5p and the HOPX/METTL3 axis, as well as their regulatory mechanism, was investigated by dual luciferase reporter, western blotting, and MeRIP assays. Moreover, the bio‐functions of miR‐1908‐5p, HOPX, and METTL3 in NPC were explored through CCK8, transwell, caspase‐3 activity, and xenograft tumor assays.ResultsRT‐qPCR results indicated a miR‐1908‐5p upregulation in NPC. Knocking down miR‐1908‐5p diminished the NPC cell viability and migration in vitro. In vivo, downregulating miR‐1908‐5p repressed NPC cell tumor growth. Moreover, HOPX was specifically targeted by miR‐1908‐5p, and HOPX downregulation led to reversal of the anti‐tumor impact of the miR‐1908‐5p inhibitor against NPC cell malignancy. Also, METTL3 could mediate the m6A modification of miR‐1908‐5p to regulate its influence on NPC cells.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that the METTL3‐mediated m6A modification of miR‐1908‐5p enhanced the tumorigenesis of NPC by targeting HOPX. These findings propose new insights for NPC diagnosis and therapy.
Cosmology from random entanglement
Authors: Antonini Stefano , Sasieta Martin , Swingle Brian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We construct entangled microstates of a pair of holographic CFTs whose dual semiclassical description includes big bang-big crunch AdS cosmologies in spaces without boundaries. The cosmology is supported by inhomogeneous heavy matter and it partially purifies the bulk entanglement of two disconnected auxiliary AdS spacetimes. We show that the island formula for the fine grained entropy of one of the CFTs follows from a standard gravitational replica trick calculation. In generic settings, the cosmology is contained in the entanglement wedge of one of the two CFTs. We then investigate properties of the cosmology-to-boundary encoding map, and in particular, its non-isometric character. Restricting our attention to a specific class of states on the cosmology, we provide an explicit, and state-dependent, boundary representation of operators acting on the cosmology. Finally, under genericity assumptions, we argue for a non-isometric to approximately-isometric transition of the cosmology-to-boundary map for “simple” states on the cosmology as a function of the bulk entanglement, with tensor network toy models of our setup as a guide.
FCNC charmed-hadron decays with invisible singlet particles in light of recent data
Authors: Li Geng , Tandean Jusak 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The flavor-changing neutral current (FCNC) decays of charmed hadrons with missing energy (Ɇ) can serve as potentially promising hunting grounds for hints of new physics, as the standard-model backgrounds are very suppressed. A few of such processes have been searched for in recent experiments, specifically D0→ Ɇ by Belle and D0→ π0Ɇ and $$ {\Lambda}_c^{+} $$

Λ
c
+

→ pɆ by BESIII, resulting in upper bounds on their branching fractions. We consider them to illuminate the possible contributions of the quark transition c → uɆ with a couple of invisible spinless bosons carrying away the missing energy, assuming that they are not charge conjugates of each other and hence can have unequal masses. We find that these data are complementary in that they constrain different sets of the underlying operators and do not cover the same ranges of the bosons’ masses, but there are regions not yet accessible. From the allowed parameter space, we show that other D-meson decays, such as D → ρɆ, and the charmed-baryon ones Ξc → (Σ, Λ)Ɇ can have sizable branching fractions and therefore may offer further probes of the new-physics interactions. We point out the importance of D0 → γɆ which are not yet searched for but could access parts of the parameter space beyond the reach of the other modes. In addition, we look at a scenario where the invisibles are instead fermionic, namely sterile neutrinos, and a scalar leptoquark mediates c → uɆ. We discuss the implications of the aforesaid bounds for this model. The predictions we make for the various charmed-hadron decays in the different scenarios may be testable in the near future by BESIII and Belle II.