bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Essential requirement for both hsf1 and hsf2 transcriptional activity in spermatogenesis and male fertility
Authors: Wang Guanghu , Ying Zhekang , Jin Xiongjie , Tu Naxin , Zhang Yan , Phillips Michele , Moskophidis Demetrius , Mivechi Nahid F. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractHeat shock factors (Hsfs) are major transactivators of heat shock proteins but are also involved in regulation of other genes active in embryonic development. High expression levels of Hsfs in mouse testis during development suggest a role for these factors in spermatogenesis, a cyclic process of spermatogonia cell‐differentiation into mature spermatozoa. In contrast to hsf1−/− mice, which exhibit normal spermatogenesis, targeted disruption of hsf2 results in reduced testicular size but only a small impairment in male fertility. We show here that disruption of both hsf1 and hsf2 results in a more severe phenotype associated with male sterility due to severe defects in spermatogenesis. Earliest defects observed are the reduced number of germ cells in juvenile mice and germ cells that enter the meiotic prophase fail to progress beyond the pachytene stage. This was associated with a reduction or absence of transcription of genes critically involved in spermatogenesis. The findings suggest that additive or synergistic transcriptional activity of both hsf1 and hsf2 is required for normal mammalian spermatogenesis and male fertility. genesis 38:66–80, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Solid‐Liquid Equilibrium of Tröger's Base Enantiomers in Ethanol: Experiments and Modelling
Authors: Worlitschek Jörg , Bosco Marcello , Huber Markus , Gramlich Volker , Mazzotti Marco 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThermodynamic properties of the enantiomers of the Tröger's base as crystals and in ethanol solutions have been studied by means of a suite of analytical techniques. We report the melting diagrams of the two enantiomers, providing evidence for the formation of a solid racemic compound. We present also ternary equilibrium data about the solubility of the two enantiomers in ethanol at 25°, 35°, and 50°. The melting‐diagram data are described well by the SchroederVan Laar and PrigogineVieland equations, when the melting temperatures and enthalpies of pure enantiomer and of the racemic compound are provided and with the assumption that the melting behavior is ideal. The ternary equilibrium data were well‐described when nonideality of mixtures of ethanol and the enantiomers is accounted for in terms of the non‐random two liquids (NRTL) model. Finally, we present the newly determined X‐ray crystal structure of an orthorhombic form of the pure Tröger's base (+)‐enantiomer.
Synthesis of Potentially Antiviral 2′,3′‐Dideoxy‐2′‐fluoro‐3′‐(hydroxyamino)nucleosides
Authors: Wang Songqing , Chang Junbiao , Pan Shifeng , Zhao Kang 
Published: February 2004

AbstractA series of novel 3′‐(alkyl(hydroxy)amino)‐2′‐fluoronucleoside analogs were prepared via conjugate addition of N‐methylhydroxylamine to various 2‐fluorobutenolides. The adducts 13a and 16 were obtained as single isomers under absolute control of stereochemistry. The crucial N‐demethylation of 23–25 was readily achieved by means of DDQ oxidation, followed by nitrone/oxime exchange reaction. By this procedure, a variety of alkyl groups could be efficiently introduced at the 3′‐N‐atom of the nucleoside analogs, some of which might display potentially interesting anti‐HIV properties.
New Acylated Presenegenin Saponins from Two Species of Muraltia
Authors: Elbandy Mohamed , Miyamoto Tomofumi , Delaude Clément , Lacaille‐Dubois Marie‐Aleth 
Published: February 2004

AbstractSix new acylated bisdesmosidic triterpene glycosides 1–6 were isolated from the roots of Muraltia heisteria (L.) DC., as three inseparable mixtures 1/2, 3/4, and 5/6 of the (E)‐ and (Z)‐3,4,5‐trimethoxycinnamoyl derivatives. The compound pair 1/2 along with four known saponins were also isolated from the roots of Muraltia satureioides DC. Their structures were elucidated mainly by spectroscopic experiments including 2D‐NMR techniques as 3‐O‐(β‐D‐glucopyranosyl)presenegenin 28‐{O‐β‐D‐apiofuranosyl‐(1→3)‐O‐[β‐D‐xylopyranosyl‐(1→4)]‐O‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐O‐[6‐O‐acetyl‐β‐D‐galactopyranosyl‐(1→3)]‐4‐O‐[(E)‐3,4,5‐trimethoxycinnamoyl]‐β‐D‐fucopyranosyl} ester (1) and its (Z)‐isomer 2, 3‐O‐(β‐D‐glucopyranosyl)presenegenin 28‐{O‐6‐O‐acetyl‐β‐D‐galactopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐O‐[3‐O‐acetyl‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)]‐4‐O‐[(E)‐3,4,5‐trimethoxycinnamoyl]‐β‐D‐fucopyranosyl} ester (3) and its (Z)‐isomer 4, and 3‐O‐(β‐D‐glucopyranosyl)presenegenin 28‐{O‐3‐O‐acetyl‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐O‐[β‐D‐xylopyranosyl‐(1→3)]‐4‐O‐[(E)‐3,4,5‐trimethoxycinnamoyl]‐β‐D‐fucopyranosyl} ester (5) and its (Z)‐isomer 6, respectively.
Synthesis of Highly Fluorinated Chloroformates and Their Use as Derivatizing Agents for Hydrophilic Compounds and Drinking‐Water‐Disinfection By‐Products
Authors: Vincenti Marco , Ghiglione Nicoletta , Valsania Maria Carmen , Davit Patrizia , Richardson Susan D. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractA rapid, safe, and efficient procedure was developed to synthesize, on a small scale, fluorinated chloroformates often required to perform analytical derivatizations. This new family of agents allows straightforward derivatization of highly polar compounds (with multiple hydroxy, carboxy, and amino substituents) in the aqueous phase, compatible with GC and GC/MS analysis. A goal of this work was to develop a derivatization procedure that would enable the detection and identification of highly polar disinfection by‐products in drinking water.
Effect of the Media on the Quantum Yield of Singlet Oxygen (O2(1Δg)) Production by 9H‐Fluoren‐9‐one: Microheterogeneous Systems
Authors: Martínez Claudia G. , Braun André M. , Oliveros Esther 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe quantum yield (ΦΔ) of singlet oxygen (O2(1Δg) production by 9H‐fluoren‐9‐one (FLU) is very sensitive to the nature of the solvent (0.02 in a highly polar and protic solvent, such as MeOH, to 1.0 in apolar solvents). This high sensitivity has been used for probing the interaction of FLU with micellar media and microemulsions based on anionic (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS; bis‐(2‐ethylhexyl)sodium sulfosuccinate, AOT), cationic (cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, CTAC) and nonionic (Triton X‐100, TX) surfactants. Values of ΦΔ of FLU vary in a wide range (0.05–1.0) in both microheterogeneous media and neat solvent, and provide information on the microenvironment of FLU, i.e., on its localization within organized media. In ionic and nonionic micellar media, as well as in four‐component microemulsions, FLU is, to various extents, exposed to solvation by the polar and protic components of the microheterogeneous systems (water and/or butan‐1‐ol) in the micellar interfacial region (ΦΔ=0.05–0.30). In contrast, in AOT reverse micelles (consisting of AOT as surfactant, cyclohexane as hydrophobic component, and water), FLU is located in the hydrophobic continuous pseudophase, and is totally separated from the micellar water pools (ΦΔ≈1.0).
NMR Conformational Analysis and Theoretical Calculations for 2‐Aryl‐ 1,3‐dihydroxy‐4,4,5,5‐tetramethylimidazolidines
Authors: Alcântara Antônio F. De C. , Vaz Maria G. F. , Stumpf Humberto O. , Piló‐Veloso Dorila , De Almeida Wagner B. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractConformational studies of 1,3‐dihydroxy‐4,4,5,5‐tetramethyl‐2‐(pyridin‐1‐yl)imidazolidine (1a) and 1,3‐dihydroxy‐4,4,5,5‐tetramethyl‐2‐(pyridin‐3‐yl)imidazolidine (1b), carried out by using 1D 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR and 2D HMQC, HMBC, and NOESY experiments and with the aid of theoretical calculations, indicate that the OH groups are trans to the pyridinyl substituent. Because the two 1H‐NMR signals of the Me groups are distinguishable and do not change between 290 and 380 K, it is proposed that 1a and 1b have each only one conformation in this temperature range. This behavior was not found with 1,3‐dihydroxy‐4,4,5,5‐tetramethyl‐2‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)imidazolidine (1c) because its Me 1H‐NMR signals cross over at 300 K. Hence, more than one conformation must be present, beyond those produced by simple inversions. Theoretical calculations including temperature and solvent effects were performed to provide further information on the conformational analysis and to help to assign the NMR data. The combination of NMR measurements and quantum‐chemical calculations is shown to be a very promising strategy for conformational analysis studies in solution.
Two Novel 14‐Nor‐13,14‐secopodocarpanes from the Bark of Taiwania cryptomeriodes
Authors: Chien Shih‐Chang , Kuo Yueh‐Hsiung 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe two novel compounds cryptomelactones A (3) and B (4) were isolated from the bark of Taiwania cryptomeriodes, besides the two known podocarpane derivatives 1β,13,14‐trihydroxypodocarpa‐8,11,13‐trien‐7‐one (1) and 3β,13,14‐trihydroxypodocarpa‐8,11,13‐trien‐7‐one (2), and were characterized by spectroscopic means including 2D‐NMR techniques. Compounds 3 and 4 are novel‐14‐nor‐13,14‐seco‐podocarpanes. The absolute configurations of 3 and 4 were determined by the modified Mosher method. The biotransformation mechanism of 3 and 4 is proposed.
A pilot trial of quetiapine for the treatment of patients with delirium
Authors: Pae Chi‐Un , Lee Soo‐Jung , Lee Chang‐Uk , Lee Chul , Paik In‐Ho 
Published: February 2004

AbstractTwenty‐two Korean inpatients with delirium were administered prospectively a flexible dose of quetiapine. The delirium rating scale‐revised‐severity 98 (DRS‐R‐98) and clinical global impression scale‐severity (CGI‐s) scores were assessed at the time of pre‐ and post‐treatment. The DRS‐R‐98 and CGI‐s scores were significantly reduced by 57.3% and 55.1%, respectively. Quetiapine was effective and safe for the treatment of patients with delirium, and could be a useful alternative agent to classical antipsychotics in the treatment of delirium. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comorbid cannabis use and panic disorder: short term and long term follow‐up study
Authors: Dannon Pinhas N. , Lowengrub Katherine , Amiaz Revital , Grunhaus Leon , Kotler Moshe 
Published: February 2004

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the study was to compare the treatment of panic disorder in patients with or without cannabis use according to response, relapse and side effects.Materials and Methods66 panic disorder (PD) patients were included in our study. All the subjects met the DSM‐IV diagnosis of panic disorder (n=45) or panic disorder with agoraphobia (n=21). Twenty four patients experienced their first panic attack within 48 h of cannabis use and then went on to develop PD. All the patients received pharmacologic treatment with paroxetine (gradually increased up to 40 mg/d). A masked rater that was blind to the group allocation, assessed patients in order to rate anxiety symptoms and medication side effects. Relapse was defined as the occurrence of a single panic attack after remission of panic symptoms. The instruments were administered at baseline and also at the 4, 8 and 12 weeks visits and at the 1 year visit.ResultsThe two groups responded equally well to paroxetine treatment as measured at the 8 weeks and 12 months follow‐up visits. There were no significant effects of age, sex and duration of illness as covariates with response rates between the two groups. Also PD or PDA diagnosis did not affect the treatment response in either group. There were no significant differences in weight gain, sexual side effects or relapse rates between patients according to gender or comorbid diagnosis.SummaryAcute cannabis use can be associated with the onset of panic attacks and panic disorder, and panic disorder which develops after cannabis use is responsive to pharmacotherapy. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A randomized clinical trial comparing doses and efficacy of lormetazepam tablets or oral solution for insomnia in a general practice setting
Authors: Ancolio C. , Tardieu S. , Soubrouillard C. , Alquier C. , Pradel V. , Micallef J. , Blin O. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractLormetazepam is a short‐acting benzodiazepine hypnotic which is beneficial in shortening the time to onset of sleep. The aim of the study was to assess a new formulation of lormetazepam (oral solution) in comparison with lormetazepam tablets in out‐patients with insomnia. This trial was an open randomized parallel group study conducted by 30 general practitioners. One hundred and eight patients took 0.5 mg on the first night and were allowed to increase their dosage by 0.25 mg (for oral solution) and 0.5 mg (for tablets), respectively, each day and every 2 days. The patients assessed the efficacy, acceptability and tolerance of lormetazepam using a diary card and a set of visual analogue scales assessing their sleep. Over 14 days of treatment, the mean daily dose of lormetazepam was lower in the oral solution group than in the tablets group (0.78 mg versus 0.97 mg). The cumulated dose of lormetazepam was lower with the oral solution (18% reduction). No significant difference between the two groups was found in the assessment of sleep characteristics. The occurrence of side effects did not differ between the two groups. These results suggest that a unitary dose as achieved by an oral solution of lormetazepam allows easier determination of the minimal individual effective dose. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maintenance treatment for schizophrenia with quetiapine
Authors: Buckley Peter F. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractWith the majority of current information being derived from short‐term clinical trials, the impact of atypical antipsychotics during maintenance treatment of schizophrenia is of considerable interest, although only limited data are available at present. The present report is an analysis of data that are available up to 156 weeks after the start of an open‐label extension (OLE) phase of three, double‐blind randomized trials in quetiapine‐treated patients who responded to an initial 6‐week treatment period. The mean daily quetiapine dose (range 150–750 mg) was 439.5 mg for patients included in the brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS) and 438.5 mg for patients included in the clinical global impression (CGI) analyses. The initial mean acute phase BPRS total score (40.67; n=258) and CGI severity of illness score (4.81; n=259) were reduced at the start of the OLE to 13.94 and 3.00, respectively. After 156 weeks, endpoint scores were 9.04 for BPRS and 2.43 for CGI severity of illness. Although limited by patient attrition, these OLE data suggest that an initial beneficial response with quetiapine treatment can be maintained over a long‐term period. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dosage finding and outcome in the treatment of schizophrenic inpatients with amisulpride. Results of a drug utilization observation study
Authors: Linden Michael , Scheel Tabea , Xaver Eich Franz 
Published: February 2004

AbstractObjectivesAmisulpride is an unique neuroleptic drug insofar as it has a dual pharmacodynamic effect. At low doses it blocks selectively presynaptic autoreceptors, and at high doses it blocks postsynaptic D2/D3 receptors. This allows the dosage to be adjusted and the treatment tailored to various clinical situations. It is unknown whether this pharmacological property has any bearing for routine treatment. The questions are: which dosages of amisulpride are chosen by physicians in the treatment of schizophrenic inpatients and does this dosage handling deviate from prescription guidelines?; which factors can explain dosage selection, and what is the treatment outcome with different dosages? The study pertains to drug management and dosage finding as principal factors in explaining positive and negative medication results.MethodsIn a drug utilization observation study the prescribing of amisulpride for 811 schizophrenic inpatients from 240 psychiatric hospitals was monitored for 8 weeks. Standardized assessment included dosage, the positive and negative symptom scale (PANSS), the clinical global impression rating (CGI), the patients' subjective reaction to amisulpride, psychosocial functioning, EPS and other adverse events. The mean observation period was 49 days.ResultsThe mean initial daily dose of amisulpride was 361 mg/day. The mean daily dose at day 56 was on average 550 (SD 266) mg/d, ranging from 100 mg to 1600 mg. 17.9% of patients received a maximum dose up to 399 mg/d, 48.1% between 400 and 799 mg/d, and 25.5% 800 mg/d and higher. Higher doses were preferably prescribed for males, patients with involuntary admission, patients with paranoid schizophrenia with acute exacerbation, high CGI and high PANSS‐positive scores. Patients with higher doses of amisulpride at the same time received higher rates of additional other neuroleptic drugs. Higher doses yield better results in very severe cases.ConclusionsPrescribed dosages were in the lower range of what is recommended for acute cases. Dosage was significantly influenced by the severity of the illness. Polypharmacy was the rule rather than the exception. Efficacy rates under conditions of routine care were similar to the results from controlled clinical trials, which speaks for their generalizability. Very severe cases profit from higher doses. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NK and CD8+ T cell‐mediated eradication of poorly immunogenic B16‐F10 melanoma by the combined action of IL‐12 gene therapy and 4‐1BB costimulation
Authors: Xu Dongping , Gu Peidi , Pan Ping‐Ying , Li Qingsheng , Sato Alice I. , Chen Shu‐Hsia 
Published: February 2004

AbstractIn previous reports, systemic administration of a stimulatory monoclonal antibody directed against the 4‐1BB receptor had no effect on survival or tumor burden in mice inoculated with the poorly immunogenic B16‐F10 melanoma. We combined IL‐12 gene transfer with 4‐1BB costimulation to explore a previously noted cooperative anti‐tumor effect against this model tumor. We hypothesize that the innate immune response mediated by IL‐12‐activated natural killer (NK) cells initiates the activation of the immune system, leading to the priming of T cells, whereas 4‐1BB costimulation enhances the function of primed tumor‐specific T cells. The effect of the combination therapy on the growth of subcutaneous (s.c.) tumors and pulmonary metastasis was examined. The combination therapy significantly retarded the growth of subcutaneously‐inoculated tumors, and 50% of tumor‐bearing mice survived with complete tumor regression. In contrast, neither IL‐12 gene transfer nor anti‐4‐1BB antibody administration alone was as effective. Enhanced CTL activity against both B16‐F10 tumor cells and TRP‐2‐pulsed EL4 syngeneic tumor cells was observed in tumor‐bearing animals treated with the combination therapy 2 weeks after treatment and, in long‐term survivors from this combination therapy, at >120 days. In a pulmonary metastatic model, only the combination therapy generated significant protection against metastasis. In vivo depletion of NK or CD8+ but not CD4+ subsets eliminated the protective immunity. Furthermore, NK cell depletion significantly reduced both tumor‐specific CTL activity and the number of tumor‐specific IFN‐γ‐producing cells, suggesting that this synergistic effect requires the participation of both NK and CD8+ T cells. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bladder cancer risk and personal hair dye use
Authors: Andrew Angeline S. , Schned Alan R. , Heaney John A. , Karagas Margaret R. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractSeveral cohort and case‐control studies have found an increased risk of bladder cancer among hairdressers and barbers who are occupationally exposed to hair dyes. However, the carcinogenic risk associated with personal use of hair dyes remains uncertain since several large case‐control and cohort studies did not find an association between personal hair dye use and bladder cancer. To address this question, the authors used data collected on 459 bladder cancer cases and 665 controls who were interviewed as part of a case‐control study conducted in New Hampshire between 1994 and 1998. Participants underwent a structured personal interview with regard to history of hair dye use and bladder cancer risk factors. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to compute odds ratios that were associated with hair dye use, while controlling for potential confounding factors. A history of any hair dye use was inversely associated with bladder cancer incidence in men [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.5; 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.3–0.8], although risk reductions were not statistically significant for individual dye types. In women, use of permanent (adjusted OR = 1.5; 95%CI = 0.8–2.7) and rinse‐type hair dye (adjusted OR = 1.7; 95%CI = 0.8–3.6) were associated with a modestly elevated risk of bladder cancer but with limited statistical precision; no association was found with use of semi‐permanent dyes (adjusted OR = 0.7; 95%CI = 0.3–1.4). For permanent hair dye use, odds ratios were most pronounced for younger age at first use, higher frequency and prolonged time since first use; however there were no clear trends in risk by these factors. In light of the prevalence of hair dye use, further studies are needed that address the effects of specific colors and types of hair dyes along with the possible role of individual susceptibility. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Low frequency of HLA haplotype loss associated with loss of heterozygocity in chromosome region 6p21 in clear renal cell carcinomas
Authors: Maleno Isabel , Nevot Miguel Angel Lopez , Seliger Barbara , Garrido Federico 
Published: February 2004

AbstractHLA class I loss or downregulation is a widespread mechanism used by tumor cells to avoid tumor recognition by cytotoxic T lymphocytes favoring tumor immune escape. Multiple molecular mechanisms are responsible for these altered HLA class I tumor phenotypes. It has been described in different epithelial tumors that loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at chromosome region 6p21.3 is a frequent mechanism that leads to HLA haplotype loss, ranging between 40 and 50%, depending on the tumor entity analyzed. Here we have tested the frequency of LOH at 6p21 chromosome region in Renal Cell Carcinomas (RCC) of the clear cell and chromophobe subtype. A low frequency of HLA haplotype loss (6.6%) was found in clear cell RCC. These data significantly differ from those reported in other epithelial tumors. In contrast, in RCC of chromophobe subtype this frequency was 10 times higher (3 out of 5 cases analyzed). These results indicate that LOH at 6p21.3 is not a frequent mechanism that leads to HLA class I abnormalities in clear cell RCC. In addition, the chromophobe RCC subtypes differ not only in histopathological criteria but also in the frequency of LOH‐mediating HLA class I alterations. These results might help to understand the significantly different biological behavior of both RCC subtypes. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coamplified and overexpressed genes at ERBB2 locus in gastric cancer
Authors: Varis Asta , Zaika Alexander , Puolakkainen Pauli , Nagy Balint , Madrigal Irene , Kokkola Arto , Väyrynen Aki , Kärkkäinen Päivi , Moskaluk Christopher , El‐Rifai Wa'el , Knuutila Sakari 
Published: February 2004

AbstractDNA copy number amplification at the chromosomal region of 17q is frequent in gastric cancer. Recently 17q21 was identified as the critical region for the amplicon formation because this region harbors the ERBB2 oncogene and several other targets, such as TOP2A and DARPP32. In our study, we characterized the amplification (52 cases) and expression (29 cases) levels of ERBB2, TOP2A and DARPP32 in gastric cancer samples. These 3 genes were concomitantly amplified in 17% of the intestinal type of gastric adenocarcinoma. However, the expression levels were independent, showing overexpression of DARPP32 (48%), TOP2A (17%) and ERBB2 (3%) studied by quantitative real‐time PCR. The most frequently overexpressed gene, DARPP32, exhibited strong protein overexpression in 45% (30/66) of the cases in immunohistochemical study of gastric cancer tumor tissue array. Additional studies are required to thoroughly understand the biological significance of these genes in gastric cancer. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.