bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Body In The Mind
Authors: Ogden Jenni A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the most exciting aspects of working in the area of clinical neuropsychology is the ever-present possibility that a patient will present with behaviors you have never seen before and at first find almost unbelievable. Even when your case is very unusual, a literature search will probably turn up a few other cases with similar symptoms. These cases will provide you with some background knowledge and assist you in your choice of tests with which to begin assessing and comparing your patient with previous cases. Nevertheless, it is likely that the case will not be exactly the same as other published cases, and you may need to use all your creativity to design new tests that will enable you to gradually narrow down the possible underlying causes of your patient’s deficits. If the patient has a stable brain lesion, you will be able to take your time and not only read the literature carefully but also analyze one set of test results before embarking on the design of follow-up tests. Michael, the man with visual agnosia and prosopagnosia, is an example of such a case (Chapter 8). His lesion is stable, and his deficits have remained relatively unchanged over many years, allowing thoughtful and ongoing assessment of his deficits to test new hypotheses about brain– behavior relations.
The Impaired Executive A Case Of Frontal-Lobe Dysfunction
Authors: Ogden Jenni A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The executive and personality impairments associated with frontal-lobe dysfunction are well known to all practicing neuropsychologists. In the 1930s and 1940s, frontal lobotomies in which the frontal lobes were completely removed or severed from the rest of the brain were a relatively common treatment for psychiatric disorders (Freeman and Watts 1942; Moniz 1954), although it soon became apparent that for many patients the results of the lobotomy were worse than the disorder it was meant to alleviate (Walsh 1994, p 176). Psychosurgery (brain surgery for the purpose of decreasing psychiatric symptoms) decreased substantially from the 1950s on, although centers in some countries still practice modified procedures called leukotomies. In these operations, the frontal lobes are partially disconnected from the rest of the cortex by sectioning the thalamofrontal fibers in the lower medial quadrant of the frontal lobe. These and similar greatly modified operations are reported to provide relief from the psychiatric symptoms with minimal frontal-lobe symptoms (McKenzie and Kaczanowski 1964).
Beating The Odds
Authors: Ogden Jenni A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The following speech,1 given to a traumatic brain injury (TBI) support group by Neil, a 22-year-old former university student who had sustained a severe TBI (also called severe head injury) 3 years previously, provides a moving prologue to this chapter: This time three years ago, I was an A student at university studying third-year engineering. I was a good sportsman and enjoyed a great social life. One afternoon while riding my motorbike home from university, I hit the center lane of the motorway for some reason. I broke my neck, badly damaged my right arm, and I suffered severe head injuries. For the nonmedical of you, that means I bashed shit out of my head.
The Unseen Injury
Authors: Ogden Jenni A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
My first impression of Rachel was of a tall, attractive young woman who conducted herself in a composed, mature manner. If I had been asked to estimate her age, I would have said she was at least 16, possibly older. Even after discovering she was only 14, I often found it difficult to think of her as a “young” teenager, primarily because of her mature and thoughtful outlook rather than because of her appearance. At times it would come as a surprise to find that many of her life experiences (e.g., relationships with boys) were those of an “average” 14-year-old girl and that she was not as emotionally mature as she first appeared.
Explosions In The Mind
Authors: Ogden Jenni A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It was a hot midsummer day with not a cloud in the sky, and Danielle, her husband Adam, and their two children, 12-year-old twins Emma and Andrew, were on their last day of their summer holiday before the twins had to return to school and Danielle and Adam to work. They were staying in Danielle’s parents’ holiday home at Piha, a ruggedly beautiful black sand surf beach west of Auckland. As it was a Sunday, the crowds were out, and between the lifeguards’ flags, the surf was alive with screaming, happy children on body boards, and parents trying to keep track of them. Adam was surfing on the big waves out the back, and Danielle and the twins were competing on their body boards to see who could catch the longest wave. Suddenly, without warning, Danielle’s head exploded (as she recalled later). Fortunately she was in waist-deep water and she managed to stagger out of the sea, collapsing on the sand. The twins, realizing she was not behaving normally, grabbed her board and rushed out of the surf to her side. She managed to tell them that she had been hit on the head by a surfboard, and was feeling very sick.
Twenty Years Too Late
Authors: Ogden Jenni A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The focus of this chapter is a 38-year-old man named Peter. When he was 32, Peter would probably have been described by his friends as a typical New Zealand family man. He worked hard as a spray painter so that he could pay off the house mortgage and provide his children with a higher quality of life than he had growing up. He and his wife enjoyed each other’s company and socialized on weekends with other couples and families with similar interests. Peter’s three sons were his pride and joy, and he spent quality time with them playing sports and taking them fishing and swimming.
Mind Over Matter
Authors: Ogden Jenni A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Recently I read two wonderful novels, both of which included among the central characters a man with Parkinson’s disease (PD). When I began the novels I had no idea that they had anything to do with PD or any other neurological disorder—I was planning on reading for relaxation, not for work—but as I became involved in the books, I soon forgot about work, although at one level I was impressed by the accurate and empathic picture each novel painted of a man struggling with PD. In both novels, Jonathan Franzen’s The Corrections (2001) and Rohinto Mistry’s Family Matters (2002), PD itself is not the central theme, but the complex effects the symptoms of the disorder have on the victim and on his family are used as a pivot (or perhaps excuse) for family disarray and dysfunction. The Corrections centers on an all-American family, in contrast to Family Matters, which revolves around an Indian family living in Britain. Although the books are very different, both in style and in content, there are many similarities as these two families from vastly different cultures try to deal with and understand their Parkinsonian relative.
Introduction to dose-response curves
Authors: Motulsky Harvey , Christopoulos Arthur 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Dose-response curves can be used to plot the results of many kinds of experiments. The X axis plots concentration of a drug or hormone. The Y axis plots response, which could be almost any measure of biological function. For example, the response might be enzyme activity, accumulation of an intracellular second messenger, membrane potential, secretion of a hormone, change in heart rate, or contraction of a muscle. The term “dose” is often used loosely. In its strictest sense, the term only applies to experiments performed with animals or people, where you administer various doses of drug. You don’t know the actual concentration of drug at its site of action-you only know the total dose that you administered. However, the term “dose-response curve” is also used more loosely to describe in vitro experiments where you apply known concentrations of drugs. The term “concentration-response curve” is therefore a more precise label for the results of these types of experiments. The term “dose-response curve” is occasionally used even more loosely to refer to experiments where you vary levels of some other variable, such as temperature or voltage.
The Application of Structural Equation Modeling and Item Response Theory to Cross-Cultural Positive Psychology Research
Authors: Oishi Shigehiro 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Many positive psychology researchers are interested in life satisfaction, positive emotions, optimism, meaning in life, relationship quality, and other human strengths. Although the mental health movement came earlier (Jahoda, 1958; Rogers, 1961), the contemporary positive psychology movement started in the late 1990s in the United States (Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi, 2000). With the globalization of psychology and society in general, the application of these key constructs to diverse populations has become a critical issue. This chapter addresses the basic measurement issues in cross-cultural research of positive psychology, using structural equation modeling (SEM) and item response theory (IRT).
Consultation by David Rudd, Ph.D.
Authors: Shneidman Edwin S . 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Suicide is a loss of human potential, a loss of love and intimacy, a loss of creativity and hope; in short, a loss of the preciousness that is life. It is a loss that reaches far beyond the bounds of the individual. This is clear from the interviews so elegantly conducted by Dr. Shneidman. Rather than putting an end to emotional suffering, it has transformed itself into something different, a new brand of suffering or psychache— a legacy of pain and loss. After reading the interviews, one can have little doubt that suffering persists. We see this in the persistent questions of the relatives and their efforts to explain the loss; it is even evident in the suicide note, with its numerous apologies and reassurances.
Consultation by Avery Weisman, M.D.
Authors: Shneidman Edwin S . 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This is an unusual psychological autopsy in that the significant others are so available, verbal, and articulate. The parents, siblings, best friend, ex-wife, and recent girlfriend added more information than is ordinarily reported in autopsy protocols. According to those who should know, Arthur talked about his inevitable suicide from childhood on. This does not imply, however, that he was depressed from childhood on, although he was in psychotherapy for tantrums and so forth at an early age. Later, he was socially isolated, but then at some point he became very popular, with many friends.
Sediment Entrainment and Transport
Authors: Dingman S Lawrence 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As noted in section 2.3, most natural streams are alluvial; that is, their channels are made of particulate sediment that is subject to entrainment and transport by the water flowing in them. This sediment is entrained during sporadic periods of higher flows and deposited as discharge subsides. It may be entrained, transported, deposited, and stored as part of the channel or floodplain many times over and for widely varying time periods as it moves inexorably seaward. In the long geological view, this sediment movement is a link in the geologic/tectonic cycle of the destruction and construction of continents. Understanding the processes by which and conditions under which entrainment and transport of particulate sediment occur is clearly of immense scientific and practical import. We begin our development of this understanding by defining some of the basic terminology and the techniques used to measure sediment in streams. We then explore empirical relations between sediment transport and streamflow and how these relations are used to estimate continental denudation rates and to understand some fundamental aspects of geomorphic processes. Next, we formulate the basic physics of the forces that act on sediment particles in suspension and on the stream bed to provide an essential foundation for understanding entrainment and transport processes.
Spirituality Recent Progress
Authors: Emmons Robert A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The primary purpose of this chapter is to present the most recent developments in the scientific study of spirituality. At the outset, I must confess the near impossibility of this task. Recent research on religion and spirituality as human phenomena is almost as vast and diverse as religious and spiritual life itself. A literature search using the PsycINFO database for the 10year period 1994–2003 returned nearly 1,800 citations for the terms “spirituality” and “spiritual” and nearly 1,300 for “religion” and “religiosity.” This review, therefore, must of necessity be quite selective. A substantial majority of the studies on religion and spirituality have occurred within the applied areas of clinical, counseling, and health psychology and have examined links between religion and mental health and psychological, physical, and interpersonal wellbeing (for reviews, see Ferriss, 2002; Hackney & Sanders, 2003; Kim, 2003; Koenig, McCullough, & Larson, 2001; Smith, McCullough, & Poll, 2003). I will not attempt to summarize this voluminous literature here.
America’s Large Purposes in the New Century
Authors: Hart Gary 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
America’s large purposes in the twenty-first century are to provide security for its people, to expand opportunity at home and abroad, and to promote liberal democracy in the world. Providing security is primarily a domestic concern, though it is inseparable from America’s role in the world and therefore international security. Expanding opportunity is also principally a domestic purpose; but, in the age of globalization and information, it is likewise intertwined with expansion of opportunity worldwide. Promotion of liberal democracy is primarily a goal of America’s international relations, and intimately linked with expansion of opportunity globally, but it must arise from the pursuit of a more perfect democracy at home.
Not Just Posturing:Configural Processing of the Human Body
Authors: Reed Catherine L , Stone Valerie E , McGoldrick John E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Artists have long understood the power of manipulating visual representations of the human body. German artist Georg Baselitz is known for his provocative, upside-down human figures (Figure 11.1). He inverted his figures to minimize the emotional and meaningful aspects of the human body and to compel viewers to focus on the abstract structure of the composition. As he explained it, “An object painted upside down is suitable for painting because it is unsuitable as an object.” The transformation of a human body into an abstract form via inversion suggests that the human visual-object recognition system has specific processes that give rise to our perception of human bodies and their actions. In this chapter, we will learn from the artist and try to understand what perceptual and cognitive processes underlie human body perception.
Axiomatic Design and Fabrication of Composite Structures
Authors: Lee Dai Gil , Suh Nam Pyo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The idea that materials can be designed to satisfy specific performance requirements is relatively new. With high-performance composites, however, the entire process of designing and fabricating a part can be worked out before manufacturing. The purpose of this book is to present an integrated approach to the design and manufacturing of products from advanced composites. It shows how the basic behavior of composites and their constitutive relationships can be used during the design stage, which minimizes the complexity of manufacturing composite parts and reduces the repetitive "design-build-test" cycle. Designing it right the first time is going to determine the competitiveness of a company, the reliability of the part, the robustness of fabrication processes, and ultimately, the cost and development time of composite parts. Most of all, it should expand the use of advanced composite parts in fields that use composites only to a limited extent at this time. To achieve these goals, this book presents the design and fabrication of novel composite parts made for machine tools and other applications like robots and automobiles. This book is suitable as a textbook for graduate courses in the design and fabrication of composites. It will also be of interest to practicing engineers learning about composites and axiomatic design. A CD-ROM is included in every copy of the book, containing Axiomatic CLPT software. This program, developed by the authors, will assist readers in calculating material properties from the microstructure of the composite. This book is part of the Oxford Series on Advanced Manufacturing.
How the Public Views Women Candidates
Authors: Dolan Kathleen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although women win office as often as men, this does not mean that they do not face special gender-based challenges. In this chapter, Kathleen Dolan explores voter attitudes toward women candidates. Her research shows that, currently, voters express high levels of support for women candidates. Still, many continue to be influenced by gender stereotypes when judging candidates. For example, the public tends to see female candidates as warm, compassionate, kind, and passive. Men are perceived as strong, knowledgeable, tough, direct, and assertive. This stereotyping extends to the issues arena: voters judge women as more competent on health care, education, women’s issues, and family issues; men are seen as better qualified to deal with foreign policy, military intervention, and crime. The important question is the extent to which these stereotypes govern voting decisions. Dolan concludes that gender stereotypes are complex and interact with the party identification of the voter and the candidate, the context of the election (such as time periods in which domestic concerns are paramount versus those, such as the 2004 election, in which foreign policy dominates), and incumbency status.
Women Leading Legislatures: Getting There and Getting Things Done
Authors: Rosenthal Cindy Simon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Has women’s presence in legislative life extended to positions of power in these institutions? Cindy Simon Rosenthal shows that, as of 2003, women held 13.6 percent of the leadership positions in state legislatures (including roles as speaker of the House or Assembly, senate president or president pro tempore, and majority and minority leaders) and composed 18.9 percent of standing committee chairs (compared to 22.4 percent of legislative seats). As is true of women’s legislative presence generally, their representation in leadership positions varies a great deal across states, and women leaders are most common in states with more legislative women. Most central is Rosenthal’s interest in whether women’s leadership styles differ from men’s and, if so, the implications of those differences. By studying committee chairs across states, she found that women perceived themselves as harder-working and more focused on accomplishing tasks than their male counterparts. There are two important implications of Rosenthal’s findings related to the main themes of this volume. First, women’s representation in leadership is likely to have an impact on the policies and procedures that flow from legislatures. Second, emphasis on task orientation is one way women can overcome the disadvantages of gendered political environments— even at the higher cost of harder work.
Soldiers to Citizens
Authors: Mettler Suzanne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A hell of a gift, an opportunity. "Magnanimous." "One of the greatest advantages I ever experienced." These are the voices of World War II veterans, lavishing praise on their beloved G.I. Bill. Transcending boundaries of class and race, the Bill enabled a sizable portion of the hallowed "greatest generation" to gain vocational training or to attend college or graduate school at government expense. Its beneficiaries had grown up during the Depression, living in tenements and cold-water flats, on farms and in small towns across the nation, most of them expecting that they would one day work in the same kinds of jobs as their fathers. Then the G.I. Bill came along, and changed everything. They experienced its provisions as inclusive, fair, and tremendously effective in providing the deeply held American value of social opportunity, the chance to improve one's circumstances. They become chefs and custom builders, teachers and electricians, engineers and college professors. But the G.I. Bill fueled not only the development of the middle class: it also revitalized American democracy. Americans who came of age during World War II joined fraternal groups and neighborhood and community organizations and took part in politics at rates that made the postwar era the twentieth century's civic "golden age." Drawing on extensive interviews and surveys with hundreds of members of the "greatest generation," Suzanne Mettler finds that by treating veterans as first-class citizens and in granting advanced education, the Bill inspired them to become the active participants thanks to whom memberships in civic organizations soared and levels of political activity peaked. Mettler probes how this landmark law produced such a civic renaissance. Most fundamentally, she discovers, it communicated to veterans that government was for and about people like them, and they responded in turn. In our current age of rising inequality and declining civic engagement, Soldiers to Citizens offers critical lessons about how public programs can make a difference.
Introduction
Authors: Mettler Suzanne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When he was young, Luke LaPorta never imagined that he would attend college, let alone obtain a doctorate. The son of an Italian immigrant, LaPorta grew up in an ethnic neigh-borhood in Queens, New York. During the Great Depression, his family, like many during that time, struggled to get by, needing public assistance to make ends meet. Although he had been a good student in high school, college seemed entirely out of the question. Nobody in his family or even in his neighborhood had gone: there wasn’t the money for it, and it was not something that people like them could even consider. Once LaPorta finished high school, World War II had begun, so he enlisted in the Navy and served aboard a minesweeper that patrolled the Atlantic coast of the United States. Upon his return from the war, LaPorta had an experience that would profoundly change the course of his life. He accompanied friends from the military on a campus visit to Syracuse University, though having no intention of actually going himself. “It was a lark.