bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of CBD oils, seized on the Belgian market, using infrared spectroscopy: Matrix identification and CBD determination, a proof of concept
Authors: Duchateau Céline , Stévigny Caroline , De Braekeleer Kris , Deconinck Eric 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe availability of cannabidiol (CBD) oil products has increased in recent years. No analytical controls are mandatory for these products leading to uncertainties about composition and quality. In this paper, a methodology was developed to identify the oil matrix and to estimate the CBD content in such samples, using mid‐infrared and near‐infrared spectroscopy. Different oils were selected based on the information labeled on products and were bought in food stores in order to create a sample set with a variety of matrices. These oils were spiked with CBD to obtain samples with CBD levels from 0% to 20%. The first part of the study was focused on the qualitative analysis of the oil matrix. A classification model, based on Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy, was build using the spiked oils to distinguish between the different oil matrices. For both spectroscopic techniques, the sensitivity, the specificity, the accuracy and the precision were equal to 100%. These models were applied to determine the oil matrix of seized samples. The second part of the study was focused on the quantitative estimation of CBD. After determination of CBD in seized samples using gas chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry, partial least square regression (PLS‐R) models were built, one for each matrix in the sample set. Both techniques were able to classify unknown oily samples according to their matrix, and although only few samples were available to evaluate the PLS‐R models, the approach clearly showed promising results for the estimation of the CBD content in oil samples.
Heavy grazing causes plant cluster fragmentation of sparse grasses
Authors: Wang Zihan , Lv Shijie , Liu Hongmei , Chen Chen , Li Zhiguo , Wang Zhongwu , Han Guodong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCleistogenes songorica, as a clustered grass, is the main grassland flora of the Stipa breviflora desert grassland. Some studies have shown that the constructive species of S. breviflora (sparse cluster type) is prone to cluster fragmentation; however, research on C. songorica is relatively rare. Then will the C. songorica plant population (dense cluster type) also have cluster fragmentation under the influence of intense grazing? To answer this question, we used variance analysis and geo‐statistical methods. The spatial distribution of C. songorica in S. breviflora desert steppe in Inner Mongolia was measured under four grazing intensities (no grazing, CK, 0 sheep·ha−1·half year−1; light grazing, LG, 0.93 sheep·ha−1·half year−1; moderate grazing, MG, 1.82 sheep·ha−1·half year−1; and heavy grazing, HG, 2.71 sheep·ha−1·half year−1) and four scales (10 cm × 10 cm, 20 cm × 20 cm, 25 cm × 25 cm, 50 cm × 50 cm). We then analyzed C. songorica whether fragmentation was present. The results showed that increased grazing intensity is associated with increased density and decreased height, coverage, and standing crop of C. songorica. The spatial distribution of C. songorica was affected by structural factors, and spatial heterogeneity decreased with increased spatial scale. With increased grazing intensity and spatial scale, the patch area of C. songorica gradually increased and tended toward band distribution. In summary, increased grazing intensity and spatial scale led to weakened heterogeneity of C. songorica spatial distribution and increased consistency.
A multistateLangevin diffusion for inferring behavior‐specific habitat selection and utilization distributions
Authors: McClintock Brett T. , Lander Michelle E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe identification of important habitat and the behavior(s) associated with it is critical to conservation and place‐based management decisions. Behavior also links life‐history requirements and habitat use, which are key to understanding why animals use certain habitats. Animal population studies often use tracking data to quantify space use and habitat selection, but they typically either ignore movement behavior (e.g., foraging, migrating, nesting) or adopt a two‐stage approach that can induce bias and fail to propagate uncertainty. We develop a habitat‐driven Langevin diffusion for animals that exhibit distinct movement behavior states, thereby providing a novel single‐stage statistical method for inferring behavior‐specific habitat selection and utilization distributions in continuous time. Practitioners can customize, fit, assess, and simulate our integrated model using the provided R package. Simulation experiments demonstrated that the model worked well under a range of sampling scenarios as long as observations were of sufficient temporal resolution. Our simulations also demonstrated the importance of accounting for different behaviors and the misleading inferences that can result when these are ignored. We provide case studies using plains zebra (Equus quagga) and Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) telemetry data. In the zebra example, our model identified distinct “encamped” and “exploratory” states, where the encamped state was characterized by strong selection for grassland and avoidance of other vegetation types, which may represent selection for foraging resources. In the sea lion example, our model identified distinct movement behavior modes typically associated with this marine central‐place forager and, unlike previous analyses, found foraging‐type movements to be associated with steeper offshore slopes characteristic of the continental shelf, submarine canyons, and seamounts that are believed to enhance prey concentrations. This is the first single‐stage approach for inferring behavior‐specific habitat selection and utilization distributions from tracking data that can be readily implemented with user‐friendly software. As certain behaviors are often more relevant to specific conservation or management objectives, practitioners can use our model to help inform the identification and prioritization of important habitats. Moreover, by linking individual‐level movement behaviors to population‐level spatial processes, the multistate Langevin diffusion can advance inferences at the intersection of population, movement, and landscape ecology.
Hypoxaemic burden in heart failure patients receiving adaptive servo‐ventilation
Authors: Baumert Mathias , Linz Dominik , Pfeifer Michael , Tafelmeier Maria , Felfeli Philippe , Arzt Michael , Shahrbabaki Sobhan S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to assess the effectiveness of adaptive servo‐ventilation (ASV) for lowering hypoxaemic burden components in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) patients.Methods and resultsFifty‐six stable HFrEF patients with left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 40 were randomized to receive either ASV (n = 27; 25 males) or optimal medical management or optimal medical management alone (n = 29; 26 males). Patients underwent overnight polysomnography at baseline and a 12 week follow‐up visit. We quantified hypoxaemic as time spent at <90% oxygen saturation (T90) decomposed into desaturation‐related components (T90desaturation) and non‐specific drifts (T90non‐specific). In the ASV arm, T90 significantly shortened by nearly 60% from 50.1 ± 95.8 min at baseline to 20.5 ± 33.0 min at follow‐up compared with 59.6 ± 88 and 65.4 ± 89.6 min in the control arm (P = 0.009). ASV reduced the apnoea‐related component (T90desaturation) from 37.7 ± 54.5 to 2.1 ± 7.3 min vs. 37.7 ± 54.5 and 40.4 ± 66.4 min in the control arm (P = 0.008). A significant non‐specific T90 component of 19.6 ± 31.8 min persisted during ASV. In adjusted multivariable regression, T90desaturation was significantly associated with the ratio of the forced expiratory volume in the first second to the forced vital capacity of the lungs (β = 0.336, 95% confidence interval 0.080 to 0.593; P = 0.011) and T90non‐specific with left ventricular ejection fraction (β = −0.345, 95% confidence interval −0.616 to −0.073; P = 0.014).ConclusionsASV effectively suppresses the sleep apnoea‐related component of hypoxaemic burden in HFrEF patients. A significant hypoxaemic burden not directly attributable to sleep apnoea but related to the severity of heart failure remains and may adversely affect cardiovascular long‐term outcomes.
Electrochemical Coupling Reactions Using Non‐Transition Metal Mediators: Recent Advances
Authors: Mitsudo Koichi , Okumura Yasuyuki , Sato Eisuke , Suga Seiji 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIndirect electrolysis method using appropriate mediators enables numerous chemical reactions. The general principles of mediators were described herein with a particular focus on non‐transition metal mediators. Recent representative examples of bond formation reactions by indirect electrolysis are summarized and discussed here.
Evaluation of greenness and analytical performances of separative methods for chiral separation of novel lactam‐based P2RX7‐antagonists
Authors: Avigo Lorenzo , Furman Christophe , Ghinet Alina , Sandu Teodora , Wynendaele Evelien , Wielgomas Bartosz , De Spiegeleer Bart , Lipka Emmanuelle 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this work, a preparative supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) method was first developed to separate a series of chiral compounds evaluated as lactam‐based P2RX7 antagonists. Subsequently, high‐performance liquid chromatography, SFC, and capillary electrophoresis (CE) were comparatively investigated as QC tools to determine the enantiomeric purity of the separated isomers, including analytical performance and greenness. The screening of the best conditions was carried out in liquid and SFC on the nine derivatives and the amylose tris(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate)‐based chiral stationary phase was found to be highly efficient. The same screening was carried out in CE and very different conditions, either in acidic or basic background electrolyte and different cyclodextrins used as chiral selectors, allowed the separation of six of the nine derivatives. 1‐((3,4‐Dichlorophenyl)carbamoyl)‐5‐oxopyrrolidine‐2‐carboxylic acid (compound 1) was chosen as a probe, and its semi‐preparative separation by SFC and enantiomeric verification using the three techniques are presented. Its limit of detection and limit of quantification are calculated for each method. Finally, the greenness of each quality control method was evaluated.
Identifying and prioritizing marketing strategies for the building energy management systems using a hybrid fuzzy MCDM technique
Authors: Beheshtinia Mohammad Ali , Sayadinia Shakiba , Fathi Masood 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPreventing energy waste in residential and office buildings has emerged as a critical issue in both developed and developing countries over recent decades. The growing demand for oil and energy reserves has amplified the urgency of this concern. The deployment of building energy management systems (BEMSs) can lead to timely responses to changes in environmental conditions, the prevention of energy wastage, a reduction in CO2 emissions, and an increase in the longevity of building equipment. Despite the undeniable benefits of BEMSs, their market size remains small, creating challenges for providers in reaching potential customers. This research seeks to identify and prioritize the marketing strategies for BEMSs. A case study was conducted, employing the “Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats” analysis as a tool for identifying marketing strategies related to BEMSs. This method resulted in the identification of 18 distinct marketing strategies. These strategies were subsequently prioritized using a novel fuzzy multicriteria decision‐making technique, VIkor‐topSIS, considering six specific criteria. The findings of the study suggested a hierarchical influence of six criteria on the BEMS market, arranged in the following order of significance: effectiveness, cost, attainability, complexity, timing, and popularity. Furthermore, the top three marketing strategies for BEMSs were found to be internet advertising strategies, discounts to consumers, and online sales. The analysis of the results has also offered valuable insights into the strengths and weaknesses of the studied BEMS provider, as well as the opportunities and threats present within the BEMS market.
Surface engineering Salmonella with pH‐responsive polyserotonin and self‐activated DNAzyme for better microbial therapy of tumor
Authors: Guo Lina , Chen Hao , Ding Jinsong , Rong Pengfei , Sun Ming , Zhou Wenhu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBacteria‐based microbial immunotherapy shows various unique properties for tumor therapy owing to their active tropism to tumor and multiple anti‐tumor mechanisms. However, its clinical benefit is far from satisfactory, which is limited by rapid systemic clearance and neutrophils‐mediated immune restriction to compromise the efficacy, as well as non‐specific distribution to cause toxicity. To address all these limitations, herein we reported a polyserotonin (PST) coated Salmonella (Sal) with surface adsorption of DNAzyme (Dz)‐functionalized MnO2 nanoparticles (DzMN) for tumor therapy. PST could facilely coat on Sal surface via oxidation and self‐polymerization of its serotonin monomer, which enabled surface stealth to avoid rapid systemic clearance while maintaining the tumor homing effect. Upon targeting to tumor, the PST was degraded and exfoliated in response to acidic tumor microenvironment, thus liberating Sal to recover its anti‐tumor activities. Meanwhile, the DzMN was also delivered into tumor via hitchhiking Sal, which could release Dz and Mn2+ after tumor cells internalization. The Dz was then activated by its cofactor of Mn2+ to cleave target PD‐L1 mRNA, thus serving as a self‐activated system for gene silencing. Combining Sal and Dz for immune activation and PD‐L1 knockdown, respectively, anti‐tumor immunotherapy was achieved with enhanced efficacy. Notably, PST coating could significantly decrease infection potential and non‐specific colonization of Sal at normal organs, achieving high in vivo biosafety. This work addresses the key limitations of Sal for in vivo application via biomaterials modification, and provides a promising platform for better microbial immunotherapy.
Investigation of antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Chenopodium album extracts and their effects on gentamicin nephrotoxicity in rats
Authors: Akbaş Perihan , Kaya Elife , Makav Mustafa , Yıldız Gülden 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study aims to examine the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the aerial parts of Chenopodium album extracts (CAE) prepared with different solvents, and how C. album ethanol extract protects them against gentamicin‐induced nephrotoxicity. Extracts of C. album aerial parts were obtained from ethanol, water, methanol, chloroform, and hexane solvents. Thirty‐two male Wistar albino rats were used and gentamycin‐induced nephrotoxicity was utilized as a model. The water extract of C. album exhibited no antimicrobial effect, whereas the methanol one created the highest zone diameter on Bacillus cereus (26 mm). The methanol extract displayed the highest activity in DPPH and ABTS. The ethanol extract yielded the highest reducing power in the CUPRAC. The water extract had the highest reducing power in the FRAP. Concerning gentamicin‐induced renal damage, creatinine and urea levels in the blood were statistically higher in the gentamicin‐C. album group compared to the other groups (p < .05). Urea and creatinine levels of the gentamicin‐C. album group dropped significantly, indicating that the C. album was effective against renal damage. The sections from kidney tissues in the gentamicin + C. album group mostly exhibited mild glomerular congestion. Hyaline cast, cytoplasmic vacuolization, necrosis, and apoptosis were not observed. Thanks to C. album treatment, the gentamicin + C. album suffered less histopathological damage than the gentamicin group did. The results of the present study suggest that CAE can be used as a supportive treatment in people undergoing treatment for nephrotoxicity.
ioSearch: An approach for identifying interacting multiomics biomarkers using a novel algorithm with application on breast cancer data sets
Authors: Das Sarmistha , Srivastava Deo Kumar 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIdentification of biomarkers by integrating multiple omics together is important because complex diseases occur due to an intricate interplay of various genetic materials. Traditional single‐omics association tests neither explore this crucial interomics dependence nor identify moderately weak signals due to the multiple‐testing burden. Conversely, multiomics data integration imparts complementary information but suffers from an increased multiple‐testing burden, data diversity inherent with different omics features, high‐dimensionality, and so forth. Most of the available methods address subtype classification using dimension‐reduction techniques to circumvent the sample size issue but interacting multiomics biomarker identification methods are unavailable. We propose a two‐step model that first investigates phenotype‐omics association using logistic regression. Then, selects disease‐associated omics using sparse principal components which explores the interrelationship of multiple variables from two omics in a multivariate multiple regression framework. On the basis of this model, we developed a multiomics biomarker identification algorithm, interacting omics search (ioSearch), that jointly tests the effect of multiple omics with disease and between‐omics associations by using pathway information that subsequently reduces the multiple‐testing burden. Further, inference in terms of p values potentially makes it an easily interpretable biomarker identification tool. Extensive simulation demonstrates ioSearch as statistically powerful with a controlled Type‐I error rate. Its application to publicly available breast cancer data sets identified relevant omics features in important pathways.
Exploring English policymakers' attitudes towards dementia risk reduction: A qualitative study
Authors: Walsh Sebastian , Roscoe Hannah , Mathie Elspeth , Wallace Lindsay , Govia Ishtar , Brayne Carol 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimA growing evidence‐base indicates that dementia occurrence can be changed. This has been linked to potentially modifiable risk factors. Risk reduction and primary prevention strategies are increasingly recognized as needing to include population‐level policies to tackle the social and commercial determinants of health. How this knowledge can influence policymaking on dementia prevention is unknown. Understanding attitudes of policymakers is an important step in translating evidence into practice, helping to gauge system readiness for implementation, and potential barriers and enablers for influencing policy. The aim of this qualitative study is to explore the understanding of, and attitudes to, dementia risk reduction and population‐level prevention strategies amongst English policymakers at national, regional, and local level.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were undertaken with a range of dementia and prevention policymakers, with purposive sampling of national and local policymakers, including politicians, government officials, health system leaders, academics, and dementia charity directors. Analysis of interview transcripts was undertaken by thematic analysis.Results14 policymakers were interviewed between November 2021 and February 2022. Three main themes were identified (1) Preventability of dementia, (2) Prevention approach, (3) Barriers and facilitators to improving the approach.DiscussionPolicymakers generally held dementia to be partially preventable. Policymakers recognised that both individual‐ and population‐level approaches to primary prevention of dementia are required – with some policymakers perceiving that population‐level approaches are under‐utilised. Key barriers to implementing more population‐level approaches were identified as the complexity and co‐ordination required to effectively tackle upstream determinants of health.
Heat stress combined with lipopolysaccharide induces pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell glycocalyx inflammatory damage in vitro
Authors: Chen Jiadi , Ding Chengjia , Cao Jingjing , Tong Huasheng , Chen Yi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHeat stroke is a life‐threatening disease with high mortality and complications. Endothelial glycocalyx (EGCX) is essential for maintaining endothelial cell structure and function as well as preventing the adhesion of inflammatory cells. Potential relationship that underlies the imbalance in inflammation and coagulation remains elusive. Moreover, the role of EGCX in heat stroke‐induced organ injury remained unclear. Therefore, the current study aimed to illustrate if EGCX aggravates apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative damage in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMEC). Heat stress and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were employed to construct in vitro models to study the changes of glycocalyx structure and function, as well as levels of heparansulfate proteoglycan (HSPG), syndecan‐1 (SDC‐1), heparansulfate (HS), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin (IL)‐6, Von Willebrand factor (vWF), endothelin‐1 (ET‐1), occludin, E‐selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we showed that heat stress and LPS devastated EGCX structure, activated EGCX degradation, and triggered oxidative damage and apoptosis in HPMEC. Stimulation of heat stress and LPS decreased expression of HSPG, increased levels of SDC‐1 and HS in culture supernatant, promoted the production and release of proinflammation cytokines (TNF‐α and IL‐6,) and coagulative factors (vWF and ET‐1) in HPMEC. Furthermore, Expressions of E‐selection, VCAM‐1, and ROS were upregulated, while that of occludin was downregulated. These changes could be deteriorated by heparanase, whereas they meliorated by unfractionated heparin. This study indicated that EGCX may contribute to apoptosis and heat stroke‐induced coagulopathy, and these effects may have been due to the decrease in the shedding of EGCX.
Renal pelvis cancer with initial symptoms of malignant gastric outlet obstruction
Authors: Iwamoto Nao , Oikawa Masaaki , Kukimoto Takashi , Ito Jun , Murakami Kazuhiro , Kaiho Yasuhiro 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionGastric outlet obstruction caused by upper tract urothelial carcinoma is rare.Case presentationA 78‐year‐old man presented to the hospital with nausea and vomiting. No hematuria was observed. Computed tomography revealed a tumor in the right renal pelvis and duodenal stenosis. Gastrojejunostomy was performed to treat the symptoms of the gastric outlet obstruction so that the patient could resume oral intake and outpatient chemotherapy. Chemotherapy was unsuccessful, and the patient died 9 months after the gastrojejunostomy. Histological assessment of an autopsy specimen revealed plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma with direct infiltration of the duodenal wall, which caused the stenosis.ConclusionAutopsy revealed a right renal pelvis cancer causing gastric outlet obstruction. Early gastrojejunostomy enabled oral intake and outpatient visits.