bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The burden of occupational injury attributable to high temperatures in Australia, 2014–19: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Varghese Blesson M , Hansen Alana , Mann Nick , Liu Jingwen , Zhang Ying , Driscoll Tim R , Morgan Geoffrey G , Dear Keith , Capon Anthony , Gourley Michelle , Prescott Vanessa , Dolar Vergil , Bi Peng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the population health impact of high temperatures on workplace health and safety by estimating the burden of heat‐attributable occupational injury in Australia.Study design, settingRetrospective observational study; estimation of burden of occupational injury in Australia attributable to high temperatures during 2014–19, based on Safe Work Australia (work‐related traumatic injury fatalities and workers’ compensation databases) and Australian Institute of Health and Welfare data (Australian Burden of Disease Study and National Hospital Morbidity databases), and a meta‐analysis of climate zone‐specific risk data.Main outcome measureBurden of heat‐attributable occupational injuries as disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs), comprising the numbers of years of life lived with disability (YLDs) and years of life lost (YLLs), nationally, by Köppen–Geiger climate zone, and by state and territory.ResultsDuring 2014–19, an estimated 42 884 years of healthy life were lost to occupational injury, comprising 39 485 YLLs (92.1%) and 3399 YLDs (7.9%), at a rate of 0.80 DALYs per 1000 workers per year. A total of 967 occupational injury‐related DALYs were attributable to heat (2.3% of occupational injury‐related DALYs), comprising 890 YLLs (92%) and 77 YLDs (8%). By climate zone, the heat‐attributable proportion was largest in the tropical Am (12 DALYs; 3.5%) and Aw zones (34 DALYs; 3.5%); by state and territory, the proportion was largest in New South Wales and Queensland (each 2.9%), which also included the largest numbers of heat‐attributable occupational injury‐related DALYs (NSW: 379 DALYs, 39% of national total; Queensland: 308 DALYs; 32%).ConclusionAn estimated 2.3% of the occupational injury burden in Australia is attributable to high ambient temperatures. To prevent this burden increasing with global warming, adaptive measures and industry‐based policies are needed to safeguard workplace health and safety, particularly in heat‐exposed industries, such as agriculture, transport, and construction.
New insights into the early Bajocian (Middle Jurassic) carbon cycle perturbation
Authors: Suchéras-Marx Baptiste , Suan Guillaume , Giraud Fabienne , Mattioli Emanuela , Khozyem Hassan M. , Mazur Jean-Charles , Fantasia Alicia , Spangenberg Jorge E. , Adatte Thierry 
Published: November 2023

Mesozoic strata record numerous negative and positive carbon isotope excursions (CIEs). The Middle Jurassic records a negative ~0.5 ‰ CIE at the Aalenian-Bajocian boundary followed by a positive ~1.5 ‰ CIE covering the entire early Bajocian. Although these CIEs are recorded in northern and southwestern Tethys and may reflect perturbations of the global carbon cycle, they remain poorly investigated. In this study, we present new geochemical and sedimentological data from the Chaudon-Norante section in France and Murtinheira section in Portugal to better constrain the origin of the lower Bajocian CIEs. Associated with the previously published carbon isotopic composition of bulk carbonate (δ13Cbulk carbonate) we provide new δ13Corg records, as well as total phosphorus content, phosphorus accumulation rates (AR), and CaCO3 and organic matter data. In contrast with previous interpretations, our results show no evidence of a carbonate production crisis during the early Bajocian. A slight increase in siliciclastic and phosphorus AR would argue for oceanic fertilization but without a parallel increase in organic matter AR. The obtained stratigraphic δ13Cbulk carbonate vs. of the carbon isotopic composition of bulk organic matter (δ13Corg) patterns are distinctive and mimic previous box modeling results simulating an increase in productivity forced by higher phosphorus rates from riverine and weathered-carbon input burial. The subsequent organic carbon burial produced counter-greenhouse conditions, which in turn produced a cooling by CO2 uptake. Our results indicate that the lower Bajocian event shows several similarities with the late Valanginian positive CIE (also known as the Weissert event). An accurate comparison of both events may help for a better understanding of the origin and consequence of such carbon cycle perturbations.
Book Review: Performance Information in the Public Sector - How it is Used
Authors: Sørensen Eva 
Published: November 2023

Van Dooren, Wouter and Van de Walle, Steven (ed) Performance Information in the Public Sector. How it is Used
Palgrave MacMillan, 2008 (paperback 2011), 296 pages, ISBN: 0230309127, 246 SEK.
Selective JAK1 inhibition using upadacitinib for the management of inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Narula Neeraj , Hamam Hasan 
Published: November 2023

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disorder characterized by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, with two main subtypes: ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). The cause of IBD is not fully understood, but it involves a complex interaction between genetics and environmental factors that trigger an abnormal immune response in the gut. The immune system plays a central role in IBD, with an imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators leading to an exaggerated immune response and infiltration of immune cells into the mucosa.2 This infiltration triggers the release of cytokines, interleukins and interferons, activating signalling pathways that damage the mucosal barrier.
Despite the presence of several treatment choices for individuals with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), there still remain significant challenges. The symptoms associated with the disease have a detrimental impact on individuals’ quality of life, and uncontrolled inflammation can lead to complications of disease requiring surgery, further emphasizing the need for improved treatment to achieve disease control and enhance overall well-being.
The involvement of the Janus kinase inhibitor (JAK) family of enzymes in the signalling pathways of several pro-inflammatory cytokines plays an important role in the pathogenesis of IBD, which makes it a potential therapeutic target. Tofacitinib, a nonselective pan-JAK inhibitor, was the first JAK inhibitor treatment approved for moderate-to-severe cases of UC. However, long-term studies on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients treated with tofacitinib have highlighted safety concerns including potentially higher risk of major adverse cardiovascular (CV) events and venous thromboembolism. The second generation of JAK inhibitors include selective JAK1 therapies, such as upadacitinib. Upadacitinib is a selective and reversible JAK inhibitor approved for treating UC; RA; psoriatic arthritis; ankylosing spondylitis (AS); and atopic dermatitis, and approval for Crohn’s disease is expected in the near future. This review intends to describe the mechanism of upadacitinib, evaluate the current clinical evidence of its effectiveness in treating IBD, and discuss safety considerations.
Immolare in Virgilio
Authors: Gagliardi Paola 
Published: November 2023

The verb immolare has only three occurrences in the entire Virgilian work, all in the Aeneid and all referring to Aeneas: in his slaughter after the death of Pallas in l. X he makes human sacrifices and when he kills Turnus at the end of the poem, he defines it as a sacrifice. The contrast between the sacred value of immolation and the horror of human sacrifice is surprising and deserves an analysis.
Il verbo immolare ha solo tre occorrenze nell’intera opera virgiliana, tutte nell’Eneide e tutte riferite ad Enea e ai sacrifici umani che egli compie nell’ira per la morte di Pallante nel l. X e all’uccisione di Turno nel finale del poema, che egli definisce come un sacrificio. Il contrasto tra il valore sacrale di immolare e l’orrore del sacrificio umano è sorprendente e merita un approfondimento.
Las afecciones cutáneas de Galeno según el De simplicibus medicinis VI de Gerardo de Cremona
Authors: Díaz Marcos Marina 
Published: November 2023

Skin problems caused by internal or external factors to the human body have been studied since ancient times. In the 2nd century, Galen of Pergamon wrote De simplicium medicinalum facultatibus, a work on simple drugs among which we find treatments still used today to heal rashes, eczema, abscesses, etc. This treatise was translated into Syriac, Arabic and Latin. This last version, the Latin one carried out by Gerard of Cremone in the 12th century, arouses the greatest interest, since it includes the recipes described by Galen, but with the contributions of the Greeks, Syrians and Arabs, not only in its content, but in the technical lexicon used. The aim of this work is to present, through Gerard’s De simplicibus medicinis, the Latin translation of Galen’s treatise, the vision that the Western Late Middle Ages had of the natural medicine of Galen to heal skin disorders, and the (strongly Arabized) medical vocabulary used in that translation.
Los problemas cutáneos provocados por factores internos o externos al cuerpo humano han sido motivo de estudio desde la Antigüedad. En el siglo II Galeno de Pérgamo redactó el De simplicium medicamentorum facultatibus, una obra sobre remedios simples entre los cuales encontramos tratamientos utilizados todavía hoy en día para curar erupciones, eccemas, abscesos, etc. Este tratado fue traducido al siríaco, árabe y latín, y es esta última, la versión latina realizada desde el árabe por Gerardo de Cremona en el siglo XII, la que despierta mayor interés, ya que recoge las recetas descritas por Galeno, pero con las aportaciones de los griegos, sirios y árabes, no solo en su contenido, sino en el léxico técnico empleado. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar, a través del De simplicibus medicinis de Gerardo, la traducción latina del tratado de Galeno, la visión que la Baja Edad Media occidental tenía de la medicina natural de Galeno para curar afecciones de la piel, y el vocabulario médico, fuertemente arabizado, utilizado en dicha traducción.
MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA PADA MATERI PECAHAN MELALUI PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE NHT BERBANTUAN TABEL PECAHAN PADA PESERTA DIDIK KELAS IVB SEMESTER II UPTD SPF SD NEGERI BATAAN 1 KEC. TENGGARANG KAB. BONDOWOSO TAHUN PELAJARAN 2018/2019
Authors: Zainullah Zainullah 
Published: November 2023

‘Pecahan’ pada hakikatnya merupakan suatu kondisi yang pasti kita jumpai dalam kehidupan sehari-hari termasuk dalam kehidupan anak (siswa) . Sesuatu yang dekat dengan kehidupan, seyogyanya sudah dikenal dan mudah untuk dipahami. Pada kenyataannya dalam pembelajaran pecahan di kelas IVB SDN Bataan 1 masih banyak dijumpai peserta didik yang kurang antusias, sedikit dan cenderung siswa tertentu saja yang mau bertanya. Hal tersebut menyebabkan prestasi belajar peserta didik masih rendah. Pada materi sebelumnya (pecahan senilai) hanya 47% siswa yang mencapai KKM (70) dengan nilai rata-rata 60,24. Berdasarkan latar belakang di atas, peneliti berupaya meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran pecahan pada siswa kelas IVB semester II UPTD SPF SDNegeriBataan 1 Kec. Tenggarang Kab. Bondowoso dengan menerapkan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe NHT berbantuan tabel pecahan.
Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus, tiap siklus terdiri dari dua pertemuan dan melalui tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Subjek dalam penelitian ini yaitu siswa kelas IVB semester II SDN Bataan 1 Kec. Tenggarang Kab. Bondowoso tahun pelajaran 2018/2019, dengan jumlah 30 siswa yang terdiri dari 21 siswa laki-laki dan 9 siswa perempuan. Data yang diperoleh adalah data kuantitatif dan kualitatif menggunakan teknik tes dan non tes. Indikator keberhasilan penelitian ini meliputi nilai kemampuan guru rata-rata minimal 4, persentase aktivitas belajar siswa sekurang-kurangnya 60%, dan rata-rata nilai kelas ≥ 70 dengan persentase tuntas belajar klasikal sekurang-kurangnya 85%.
Dari pelaksanaan siklus I diperoleh nilai kemampuan guru sebesar 4,57. Pada siklus II, nilai kemampuan guru meningkat menjadi 4,86. Pada siklus I, persentase aktivitas belajar siswa mencapai 55,97% (Tinggi) dan pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 84,17% (Sangat Tinggi). Pada siklus I, rata-rata nilai prestasi belajar siswa mencapai 72,23 dengan persentase tuntas klasikal sebesar 56,67%. Sementara, pada siklus II rata-rata nilai hasil belajar siswa meningkat menjadi 80,43 dengan persentase tuntas belajar klasikal sebesar 86,67%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe NHT berbantuan tabel pecahan dapat meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran pecahan pada peserta didik kelas IVB semester II UPTD SPF SDN Bataan 1 Kec. Tenggarang Kab. Bondowoso tahun pelajaran 2018/2019.
Relative Toxicity of Different Insecticides to Asian Citrus Psylla (Diaphorina citri Kuwayama)
Authors: Nage Sonal M. , Kulkarni U. S. , Undirwade D. B. , Sant Swati S. 
Published: November 2023

Asian citrus psyllids Diaphorina citri (Kuwayama) act as vector of the devastating citrus disease, Huanglongbing (HLB) also known as citrus greening which is widely spread in citrus growing regions. The use of insecticides for management of citrus phylla is one of the prominent and effective method to overcome their menace. However, recently very few insecticides have been found under label claim for this pest. The present investigation was conducted in order to know the toxicity of some new chemistry insecticides against D.citri. Bioassay experiments were conducted during 2022-23. The toxicity was assessed through uptake bioassay technique for systemic insecticides by using fresh citrus twigs. The results showed that, among the five tested insecticides imidacloprid 17.8 % SL was the most effective insecticide with lowest LC50 values for both nymph and adult psyllid i. e. 0.028 and 0.032, respectively. However, except spirotetramat 15.3 % OD, the LC50 values of thiamethoxam 25 % WG, abamectin 1.9 % EC, fenpropathrin 30 % EC were placed within the fiducial limit of most toxic insecticide i.e. imidacloprid 17.8% SL. They are considered as at par and equally toxic to D. citri. The relative toxicity trend against the adult psylla was imidacloprid > abamectin > thiamethoxam > fenpropathrin > spirotetramat and for the nymph, the trend was imidacloprid > thiamethoxam> abamectin > fenpropathrin > spirotetramat.
In vitro Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Nigella sativa against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Shendi Town, Sudan
Authors: El-Majeed Sundus Amer Hassan Abd , Bashir Mazin Babekir Musa , Bulla Haghamad Allzain , Ahmed Alhaj Saad Mohamed , Saeed Omran Musa Ahmed , Gorish Babbiker Mohammed Taher , Abdelmula Waha Ismail Yahia 
Published: November 2023

Background: Augment of antibiotics resistance with development of new aggressive strains for the same disease is an international health problem. The ability of treating diseases is based on our ability to discover a new line of treatment with highly effectiveness and simple potentiality; so Herbal-Medicine is the line of choice. Traditional Arabic medicine point to the beneficial effect of Nigella sativa in curing a lot of diseases.
The Prophetic-Sunna point out that Nigella sativa has highly therapeutic properties for various diseases. Prophet Mohammed quoted as saying “There is healing in Black seed for all diseases except death”.
Methods: A cross-sectional community and hospital-based study, was done from 10 Jan-2023 to 31 March-2023 in Shendi Town, River Nile State. 95 nasal and skin swabs were collected from people and a variety of hospitals in shendi town, then cultured on Manitol Salt Agar (MSA) for selectivity of S.aureus to be isolated, bacterial identification done by colonial morphology, Gram`s stain and biochemical tests. The antimicrobial susceptibility of S.aureus to N. sativa was carried out using agar well diffusion method.
Results: 48 pure culture of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteria (MRSA) was isolated from 95 different clinical swabs specimens. Nigella sativa oil shows an effective inhibitory reactions against all MRSA bacterial isolates. All tested concentrations (50%, 25%, 13%) compared with Methicillin antibiotic inhibit 48(100%) of MRSA isolated bacteria.
Conclusions: Our results show the highly effect of Nigella sativa against MRSA so can be derived as strongly effectiveness herbal antimicrobial agent against it.
Studies on Different Host Range of Root Rot (Rhizoctonia solani Kühn) under Pot House
Authors: Shekhawat Deependra Singh , Bagri R. K. , A. L. Yadav  , Bhati Priyanka , Yadav B. Bhagchand , Kumawat Suresh 
Published: November 2023

The pathogen, Rhizoctonia solani has a wide host range infecting crops. In order to find out the host range of R. solani causing root rot of fenugreek, 13 plant species were selected which are commonly found in fenugreek growing ecosystem. Root rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani has become an important constraint to the growers in Rajasthan. Rhizoctonia solani cause root rot in chick pea, chilli, coriander, fenugreek, cumin, wheat, barley, okra, field pea, tomato, fennel and cabbage but spinach was not infected. Out of these plants maximum disease incidence was observed in paan methi (Trigonella foenum-graecum) i.e., 57.82 per cent whereas, minimum 28.31 per cent disease incidence was observed in barley (Hordeum vulgare).
Antisamonellal Property and Modes of Action of Leaf Extracts of Dracaena deisteliana Engl. (Dracaenaceae)
Authors: Feudjio Huguette Bocanestine Laure , Noubom Michel , Goka Marie Stéphanie Chekem , Djenguemtar Josias , Konack Elodie Yamako , Kamsu Gabriel Tchuenté , Sokoudjou Jean Baptiste , Kodjio Norbert , Famen Louis-Claire Ndel , Gatsing Donatien 
Published: November 2023

Background: In Cameroon, typhoid fever is after malaria, the disease with which health workers are most confronted because its incidence is constantly increasing. Salmonella has become over time multiresistant to antibiotics available on the market, for this reason, it becomes imperative to use drugs made from extracts of parts of medicinal plants consisting of several secondary metabolites at the origin of their good efficacity.
Objective: Determine whether the aqueous and hydroethanolics leaf extract of Dracaena deisteliana have in vitro antisalmonellal activities, and to determine the site of action of the most active extract on Salmonella Typhi strain (ATCC6539).
Methods: To do this, the in vitro antisalmonellal activity of aqueous and hydroethanolics leaf extracts of Dracaena deisteliana was evaluated by the liquid microdilution method. The modes of action of the 55% hydroethanolic leaf extract of Dracaena deisteliana was also done in order to verify the sites of action of this extract.
Results: The in vitro antisalmonellal activity revealed that the decocted and 55% hydroethanolic leaf extract of Dracaena deisteliana presented MICs of 256 and 128 μg/ml respectively on the Salmonella Typhi (ATCC6539) strain on which they were tested. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of steroids, terpenoids, tannins, phenols, and saponins in aqueous and hydroethanolics leaf extracts of Dracaena deisteliana. The modes by which the 55% hydroethanolic leaf extract of Dracaena deisteliana inhibits the growth of Salmonella, were studied by following bacterial decay, bacteriolysis, inhibition of biofilms, inhibition of ATPASES-H+ proton pumps, protein synthesis and biofilm formation. The study of growth kinetics on the Salmonella Typhi strain (ATCC6539) showed that at all concentrations (2MIC, MIC and 1/2MIC), the 55% hydroethanolic leaf extract of Dracaena deisteliana induced the inhibition of bacterial ATPASES-H+ proton pumps. This extract also inhibits the formation of biofilms from 28 to 72% and prevents the synthesis of Salmonella Typhi strain (ATCC6539) proteins.
Conclusion: Aqueous and Hydroethanolics leaf extracts of Dracaena deisteliana possess in vitro antisalmonellal activities.
Diagnosis of focal liver lesions from ultrasound images using a pretrained residual neural network
Authors: Tangruangkiat Sutthirak , Chaiwongkot Napatsorn , Pamarapa Chayanon , Rawangwong Thanatcha , Khunnarong Araya , Chainarong Chanyanuch , Sathapanawanthana Preeyanun , Hiranrat Pantajaree , Keerativittayayut Ruedeerat , Sungkarat Witaya , Phonlakrai Monchai 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to develop a ResNet50‐based deep learning model for focal liver lesion (FLL) classification in ultrasound images, comparing its performance with other models and prior research.MethodologyWe retrospectively collected 581 ultrasound images from the Chulabhorn Hospital's HCC surveillance and screening project (2010–2018). The dataset comprised five classes: non‐FLL, hepatic cyst (Cyst), hemangioma (HMG), focal fatty sparing (FFS), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We conducted 5‐fold cross‐validation after random dataset partitioning, enhancing training data with data augmentation. Our models used modified pre‐trained ResNet50, GGN, ResNet18, and VGG16 architectures. Model performance, assessed via confusion matrices for sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy, was compared across models and with prior studies.ResultsResNet50 outperformed other models, achieving a 5‐fold cross‐validation accuracy of 87 ± 2.2%. While VGG16 showed similar performance, it exhibited higher uncertainty. In the testing phase, the pretrained ResNet50 excelled in classifying non‐FLL, cysts, and FFS. To compare with other research, ResNet50 surpassed the prior methods like two‐layered feed‐forward neural networks (FFNN) and CNN+ReLU in FLL diagnosis.ConclusionResNet50 exhibited good performance in FLL diagnosis, especially for HCC classification, suggesting its potential for developing computer‐aided FLL diagnosis. However, further refinement is required for HCC and HMG classification in future studies.
Deep learning based automatic internal gross target volume delineation from 4D‐CT of hepatocellular carcinoma patients
Authors: Yang Zhen , Yang Xiaoyu , Cao Ying , Shao Qigang , Tang Du , Peng Zhao , Di Shuanhu , Zhao Yuqian , Li Shuzhou 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe location and morphology of the liver are significantly affected by respiratory motion. Therefore, delineating the gross target volume (GTV) based on 4D medical images is more accurate than regular 3D‐CT with contrast. However, the 4D method is also more time‐consuming and laborious. This study proposes a deep learning (DL) framework based on 4D‐CT that can achieve automatic delineation of internal GTV.MethodsThe proposed network consists of two encoding paths, one for feature extraction of adjacent slices (spatial slices) in a specific 3D‐CT sequence, and one for feature extraction of slices at the same location in three adjacent phase 3D‐CT sequences (temporal slices), a feature fusion module based on an attention mechanism was proposed for fusing the temporal and spatial features. Twenty‐six patients’ 4D‐CT, each consisting of 10 respiratory phases, were used as the dataset. The Hausdorff distance (HD95), Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), and volume difference (VD) between the manual and predicted tumor contour were computed to evaluate the model's segmentation accuracy.ResultsThe predicted GTVs and IGTVs were compared quantitatively and visually with the ground truth. For the test dataset, the proposed method achieved a mean DSC of 0.869 ± 0.089 and an HD95 of 5.14 ± 3.34 mm for all GTVs, with under‐segmented GTVs on some CT slices being compensated by GTVs on other slices, resulting in better agreement between the predicted IGTVs and the ground truth, with a mean DSC of 0.882 ± 0.085 and an HD95 of 4.88 ± 2.84 mm. The best GTV results were generally observed at the end‐inspiration stage.ConclusionsOur proposed DL framework for tumor segmentation on 4D‐CT datasets shows promise for fully automated delineation in the future. The promising results of this work provide impetus for its integration into the 4DCT treatment planning workflow to improve hepatocellular carcinoma radiotherapy.