bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Test the weak cosmic supervision conjecture in dark matter-black hole system
Authors: Meng Liping , Xu Zhaoyi , Tang Meirong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThere is a possibility that the event horizon of a Kerr-like black hole with perfect fluid dark matter (DM) can be destroyed, providing a potential opportunity for understanding the weak cosmic censorship conjecture of black holes. In this study, we analyze the influence of the strength parameter of perfect fluid DM on the destruction of the event horizon of a Kerr-like black hole with spinning after injecting a test particle and a scalar field. We find that, when a test particle is incident on the black hole, the event horizon is destroyed by perfect fluid dark matter for extremal black holes. For nearly extremal black holes, when the dark matter parameter satisfies $$\alpha \in \left( -r_{h} , 0\right) \cup \left( r_{h} ,k_2\right) $$

α
∈

-

r
h

,
0

∪

r
h

,

k
2

i.e. $$(A<0),$$

(
A
<
0
)
,

the event horizon of the black hole will not be destroyed; when the dark matter parameter satisfies $$\alpha \in \left( k_1 ,-r_{h} \right] \cup \left[ 0,r_{h}\right] $$

α
∈

k
1

,
-

r
h

∪

0
,

r
h

i.e. $$(A\ge 0),$$

(
A
≥
0
)
,

the event horizon of the black hole will be destroyed. When a classical scalar field is incident into the black hole in the extremal black hole case, we find that the range of mode patterns of the scalar field that can disrupt the black hole event horizon is different for different values of the perfect fluid dark matter strength parameter. In the nearly extremal black hole case, through our analysis, we have found when $$\alpha \ne 0 $$

α
≠
0

and $$\alpha \ne \pm \ r_h$$

α
≠
±

r
h

i.e. $$A\ne 0,$$

A
≠
0
,

the event horizon of the black hole can be disrupted. Our research results indicate that dark matter might be capable of breaking the black hole horizon, thus potentially violating the weak cosmic censorship conjecture.
Large Fluctuations in Amplifying Graphs
Authors: Lepri Stefano 
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we consider a model for chaotic diffusion with amplification on graphs associated with piecewise-linear maps of the interval [S. Lepri, Chaotic fluctuations in graphs with amplification, Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 139 (2020) 110003]. We determine the conditions for having fat-tailed invariant measures by considering approximate solution of the Perron–Frobenius equation for generic graphs. An analogy with the statistical mechanics of a directed polymer is presented that allows for a physically appealing interpretation of the statistical regimes. The connection between non-Gaussian statistics and the generalized Lyapunov exponents [Formula: see text] is illustrated. Finally, some results concerning large graphs are reported.
Eichhornia crassipes Efficacy in Secondary Wastewater Treatment in the Western Highlands of Cameroon
Authors: Manekeu Tanetsa Amandine Elodie , Lekeufack Martin , Edzigui Tsimi Marcelle Léonce , Tsetagho Gabriel Nicodème , Longniang Raoul Carmel , Fonkou Théophile 
Published: November 2023

Wastewater treatment using lagoons technology is recognised to have potential to protect the environment and preserve water resources. The implementation requires mastery of ecological conditions of operation and management of the plants used. We aimed to contribute to the implementation of macrophyte-based lagoons for wastewater treatment in the Western Highlands of Cameroon. We used two sets of four lagoons in series; one was vegetated with E. crassipes, while the other served as the control. Each set constituted an anaerobic, two facultative, and maturation lagoons. Each lagoon system was supplied with primary-treated domestic wastewater from the wastewater treatment plant of the University of Dschang, Cameroon, at a hydraulic loading rate of 1.13 m3/day. Monthly wastewater samples were collected from the inflow and outflow of each lagoon for physicochemical and bacteriological analyses, and plant growth was assessed biweekly for six months spanning the dry and rainy seasons. Macrophyte lagoons showed positive plant growth during both seasons. The highest plant height (10.67 and 25.21 cm), longer roots (11.3 and 37.41 cm), and the highest number of new buds (14 and 20 buds) were obtained during the dry and rainy seasons, respectively. Plants were significantly (

P

< 0.0001) taller in facultative lagoons in the rainy season than in the dry season. Vegetated lagoons significantly (

P

< 0.05) contributed to reducing TSS (−08.36% and 82.25%), true color (44.46% and 82.31%), orthophosphates (63.1% and 86.59%), and BOD5 (−56.79% and 56.06%) during the dry and rainy seasons, respectively. 100% elimination of fecal streptococci (FS) and 74.89% and 43.80% of fecal coliforms (FC) were observed in the dry and rainy seasons, respectively. Significant (

P

= 0.0019) FS elimination was more in the dry season than in the rainy season. However, the average residual content of FC (190,000 UFC/100 ml) was still higher than WHO limits (≤1000 UFC/100 ml) for nonrestrictive reuse in agriculture. E. crassipes can be efficiently used in lagoon systems for domestic wastewater treatment in the Western Highlands of Cameroon.
Investigating Causal Effects of Hematologic Traits on Lung Cancer: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Yang Zhanghuan , He Hao , He Guangxu , Zeng Chudai , Hu Qian 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground:Observational studies have suggested blood cell counts may act as predictors of cancer. It is not known whether these hematologic traits are causally associated with lung cancer.Methods:Two-sample bidirectional univariable Mendelian randomization (MR) and multivariable MR (MVMR) were performed to investigate the causal association between hematologic traits and the overall risk of lung cancer and three histologic subtypes [lung adenocarcinoma, squamous cell lung cancer, and small cell lung cancer (SCLC)]. The instrumental variables of 23 hematologic traits were strictly selected from large-scale genome-wide association studies. Inverse-variance weighted method and five extra methods were used to obtain robust causal estimates.Results:We found evidence that genetically influenced higher hematocrit [OR, 0.845; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.783–0.913; P = 1.68 × 10−5] and hemoglobin concentration (OR, 0.868; 95% CI, 0.804–0.938; P = 3.20 × 10−4) and reticulocyte count (OR, 0.923; 95% CI, 0.872–0.976; P = 5.19 × 10−3) decreased lung carcinoma risk, especially in ever smokers. MVMR further identified hematocrit independently of smoking as an independent predictor. Subgroup analysis showed that a higher plateletcrit level increased the risk of small cell lung carcinoma (OR, 1.288; 95% CI, 1.126–1.474; P = 2.25 × 10−4).Conclusions:Genetically driven higher levels of reticulocyte count and hematocrit decreased lung cancer risk. Higher plateletcrit had an adverse effect on SCLC. Hematologic traits may act as low-cost factors for lung cancer risk stratification.Impact:Further studies are required to elucidate the potential mechanisms underlying the dysregulation of homeostasis related to hematologic traits, such as subclinical inflammation.
Cancer-prone Phenotypes and Gene Expression Heterogeneity at Single-cell Resolution in Cigarette-smoking Lungs
Authors: Nakayama Jun , Yamamoto Yusuke 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies have been broadly utilized to reveal molecular mechanisms of respiratory pathology and physiology at single-cell resolution. Here, we established single-cell meta-analysis (scMeta-analysis) by integrating data from eight public datasets, including 104 lung scRNA-seq samples with clinicopathologic information and designated a cigarette-smoking lung atlas. The atlas revealed early carcinogenesis events and defined the alterations of single-cell transcriptomics, cell population, and fundamental properties of biological pathways induced by smoking. In addition, we developed two novel scMeta-analysis methods: VARIED (Visualized Algorithms of Relationships In Expressional Diversity) and AGED (Aging-related Gene Expressional Differences). VARIED analysis revealed expressional diversity associated with smoking carcinogenesis. AGED analysis revealed differences in gene expression related to both aging and smoking status. The scMeta-analysis paves the way to utilize publicly-available scRNA-seq data and provide new insights into the effects of smoking and into cellular diversity in human lungs, at single-cell resolution.

Significance:
The atlas revealed early carcinogenesis events and defined the alterations of single-cell transcriptomics, cell population, and fundamental properties of biological pathways induced by smoking.
Tissue Compliance and Intracranial Pressure Responses to Large Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Young and Aged Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Wilkinson Cassandra M. , Kalisvaart Anna C.J. , Kung Tiffany F.C. , Abrahart Ashley H. , Khiabani Elmira , Colbourne Frederick 
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:
After a large intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), the hematoma and swelling cause intracranial pressure (ICP) to increase, sometimes causing brain herniation and death. This is partly countered by widespread tissue compliance, an acute decrease in tissue volume distal to the stroke, at least in young healthy animals. Intracranial compensation dynamics seem to vary with age, but there is no data on old animals or those with hypertension, major factors influencing ICH risk and outcome.

METHODS:
We assessed hematoma volume, edema, ICP, and functional deficits in young and aged spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and young normotensive control strains after collagenase-induced ICH. Macroscopic and microscopic brain volume fractions, such as contralateral hemisphere volume, cortical thickness, and neuronal morphology, were assessed via histological and stereological techniques.

RESULTS:
Hematoma volume was 52% larger in young versus aged SHRs; surprisingly, aged SHRs still experienced proportionally worse outcomes following ICH, with 2× greater elevations in edema and ICP relative to bleed volume and 3× the degree of tissue compliance. Aged SHRs also experienced equivalent neurological deficits following ICH compared with their younger counterparts, despite the lack of significant age-related behavioral effects. Importantly, tissue compliance occurred across strains and age groups and was not impaired by hypertension or old age.

CONCLUSIONS:
Aged SHRs show considerable capacity for tissue compliance following ICH and seem to rely on such mechanisms more heavily in settings of elevated ICP. Therefore, the ICP compensation response to ICH mass effect varies across the lifespan according to risk factors such as chronic hypertension.
Impact of Active Physiotherapy on Physical Activity Level in Stroke Survivors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Goncalves Stéphanie , Le Bourvellec Morgane , Mandigout Stéphane , Duclos Noémie C. 
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:
Stroke survivors are frequently physically inactive. However, evidence of the effectiveness of active physiotherapy on physical activity level in stroke survivors is scarce.

METHODS:
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis statement, covering electronic searches from inception to March 16, 2022. Participants: Stroke survivors living in the community. Intervention: Any active physiotherapy, that is, involving exercises that require voluntary effort. Outcome measure: Objective and subjective physical activity level.

RESULTS:

Of 5590 identified references, 25 randomized controlled trials were eligible, and 21 had available data. The random-effects meta-analysis resulted in a small, significant effect size in favor of active physiotherapy measured using objective or subjective tools (21 studies, 1834 participants, standardized mean difference, 0.22 [95% CI, 0.04–0.40]; heterogeneity
I
2
=65%), and a medium significant effect when objective tools were used (9 studies, 424 participants, standardized mean differences, 0.48 [95% CI, 0.03–0.92];
I
2
=73%). Meta-regression showed that 35% of the variance in trial outcome was explained by the measurement tool (objective or subjective) and 23% by age. None of the variances were associated with a specific dosage in terms of frequency, time, exercise duration, or the severity of the disability.

CONCLUSIONS:
Active physiotherapy seems to increase objective physical activity in community-dwelling stroke survivors. However, the evidence is of very low certainty.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/
; Unique identifier: CRD42022315639.
Semiautomated Detection of Early Infarct Signs on Noncontrast CT Improves Interrater Agreement
Authors: Christensen Soren , Demeestere Jelle , Verhaaren Benjamin F.J. , Heit Jeremy J. , Von Stein Erica Leah , Madill Evan S. , Kennedy Loube Deanne , Dugue Rachelle , Rengarajan Sophie , Mlynash Michael , Albers Gregory W. , Lemmens Robin , Lansberg Maarten G. 
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:
Acute ischemic infarct identification on noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) is highly variable between raters. A semiautomated method for segmentation of acute ischemic lesions on NCCT may improve interrater reliability.

METHODS:
Patients with successful endovascular reperfusion from the DEFUSE 3 trial (Endovascular Therapy Following Imaging Evaluation for Ischemic Stroke) were included. We created relative NCCT (rNCCT) color-gradient overlays by comparing the density of a voxel on NCCT to the homologous region in the contralateral hemisphere. Regions with a relative hypodensity of at least 5% were visualized. We coregistered baseline and follow-up images. Two neuroradiologists and 6 nonradiologists segmented the acute ischemic lesion on the baseline scans with 2 methods: (1) manually outlining hypodense regions on the NCCT (unassisted segmentation) and (2) manually excluding areas deemed outside of the ischemic lesion on the rNCCT color map (rNCCT-assisted segmentation). Voxelwise interrater agreement was quantified using the Dice similarity coefficient and volumetric agreement between raters with the detection index (DI), defined as the true positive volume minus the false positive volume.

RESULTS:

From a total of 92, we included 61 patients. Median age was 59 (64–77), and 57% were female. Stroke onset was known in 39%. Onset to NCCT was median, 8.5 hours (7–11) and median 10 hours (8.4–11.5) in patients with known and unknown onset, respectively. Compared with unassisted NCCT segmentation, rNCCT-assisted segmentation increased the Dice similarity coefficient by >50% for neuroradiologists (Dice similarity coefficient, 0.38 versus 0.83;
P
<0.001) and nonradiologists (Dice similarity coefficient, 0.14 versus 0.84;
P
<0.001), and improved the DI among nonradiologists (mean improvement, 5.8 mL [95% CI, 3.1–8.5] mL,
P
<0.001) but not among neuroradiologists.

CONCLUSIONS:
The high variability of manual segmentations of the acute ischemic lesion on NCCT is greatly reduced using semiautomated rNCCT. The rNCCT map may therefore aid acute infarct detection and provide more reliable infarct estimates for clinicians with less experience.
Prognostic significance of preoperative pyuria & neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Singh Rahul , Sharma Govind , Priyadarshi Shivam , Fauzdar Gaurav 
Published: November 2023

Background: The most prevalent cancer of the urinary system and the fourth most frequent cancer in men is bladder cancer. Up to 45% of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancers (NMIBC), may develop into muscle-invasive disease within 5 years after initial diagnosis, depending on the risk profile. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), which is an emerging marker of host inflammation and can be easily calculated from routine complete blood counts (CBCs) with differentials, has shown to be an independent prognostic factor for a variety of solid malignancies, including urinary tract cancer. Pyuria is a well-documented prognostic factor in urinary tract carcinomas, according to several research. The relationship between preoperative pyuria and recurrence in patients with NMIBC is unclear, even though some studies found that pyuria was a strong predictor of poor prognosis in patients with NMIBC. Our study’s objective was to compare the prognostic effect of pre-treatment pyuria and NLR on the likelihood of progression and recurrence in individuals with primary NMIBC. Materials and methodology: Data obtained from 100 bladder cancer patients who underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) from June 2021 to January 2023 were evaluated prospectively. Inclusion criteria: Age more than 18 years, having tumor size less than 3 × 3 cm, single tumor, no H/O TURBT. Exclusion criteria: Age less than 18 years, size more than 3 × 3 cm, multiple tumors, H/O TURBT. Results: We demonstrated in the current study that, compared to NLR, preoperative pyuria was more substantially linked with intravesical recurrence, higher T stage and disease progression following TURBT for NMIBC.
Subclinical macular vessel density alterations in patients with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Xu Sisi , Zhang Yu 
Published: November 2023

Objective The aim is to evaluate subclinical alterations of macular microvasculature in patients with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE). Methods This is a cross-sectional study of 29 eyes of 29 patients diagnosed with JSLE and 29 eyes of 29 healthy controls. The vessel density (VD) of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP), intermediate capillary plexus (ICP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), choriocapillaris (CC), and area of foveal avascular zone (FAZ) was measured using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). A multiple linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the effects of disease duration and activity on OCTA parameters. Results The VD of total ( p = .007) and the superior ( p = .014) and inferior ( p = .004) quadrants in SCP was significantly lower in children with JSLE. The VD of total and all quadrants in ICP decreased ( p = .015, p = .0045, p = .015, p = .033), except that of the temporal quadrant ( p = .366). The total ( p = .011) and superior quadrant ( p<.01) DCP-VD showed a significant decrease in children with JSLE. The decrease in VD in the total ( p = .003) and nasal quadrant ( p = .017) of CC was also remarkable. No significant difference in the FAZ area was found between the two groups ( p = .774). Multiple linear regression analyses adjusted for age, spherical equivalent, and intraocular pressure were conducted. No contributing factor to OCTA parameters was found. Conclusions We demonstrated decreased VD in all layers of the retina and CC in patients with JSLE without ocular involvement. Early screening and close follow-up were recommended.
Subcutaneous Levetiracetam Administration in Latino Patients on Home Care
Authors: Cuellar-Valencia Laura , Claros-Hulbert Angelica , Ortegon Adriana , Pino Juliana , Velandia Laura , Correa-Morales Juan Esteban 
Published: November 2023

Background: Levetiracetam has a favorable pharmacology profile to be used subcutaneously. However, its subcutaneous use is still considered off-label as this is beyond its license. The evidence base for its safety, tolerability, and efficacy is limited to observational studies. Objectives: To report the safety and efficacy of subcutaneous levetiracetam in Latino patients on home care. Design: Observational retrospective case series study. Subjects: Consecutive sample of Latino adults with life-limiting illnesses. Methods: A case series framework with 4 domains (selection, ascertainment, causality, and reporting) to ensure reporting quality was used. Additionally, 8 relevant outcomes established in a previous comprehensive review, were collected and reported. Adverse reactions were documented using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. Results: Fifteen Latino patients with oncological and non-oncological diagnoses received subcutaneous levetiracetam for a mean of 21 days on home care. Levetiracetam was most frequently initiated subcutaneously due to loss of the oral route. The average dosage of subcutaneous levetiracetam was 1200 mg. Only 1 patient required a dose adjustment, and only 2 patients experienced a total of 5 seizures during the therapy trial. No adverse reactions were reported. Conclusions: Subcutaneous levetiracetam appears to be effective and safe. This case series of Latino patients in home care expands the evidence of its use in the home care setting. The preliminary data reported by now on multiple case series warrants robust trials.
Deep learning-enabled natural language processing to identify directional pharmacokinetic drug–drug interactions
Authors: Zirkle Joel , Han Xiaomei , Racz Rebecca , Samieegohar Mohammadreza , Chaturbedi Anik , Mann John , Chakravartula Shilpa , Li Zhihua 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
During drug development, it is essential to gather information about the change of clinical exposure of a drug (object) due to the pharmacokinetic (PK) drug-drug interactions (DDIs) with another drug (precipitant). While many natural language processing (NLP) methods for DDI have been published, most were designed to evaluate if (and what kind of) DDI relationships exist in the text, without identifying the direction of DDI (object vs. precipitant drug). Here we present a method for the automatic identification of the directionality of a PK DDI from literature or drug labels.

Methods
We reannotated the Text Analysis Conference (TAC) DDI track 2019 corpus for identifying the direction of a PK DDI and evaluated the performance of a fine-tuned BioBERT model on this task by following the training and validation steps prespecified by TAC.

Results
This initial attempt showed the model achieved an F-score of 0.82 in identifying sentences as containing PK DDI and an F-score of 0.97 in identifying object versus precipitant drugs in those sentences.

Discussion and conclusion
Despite a growing list of NLP methods for DDI extraction, most of them use a common set of corpora to perform general purpose tasks (e.g., classifying a sentence into one of several fixed DDI categories). There is a lack of coordination between the drug development and biomedical informatics method development community to develop corpora and methods to perform specific tasks (e.g., extract clinical exposure changes due to PK DDI). We hope that our effort can encourage such a coordination so that more “fit for purpose” NLP methods could be developed and used to facilitate the drug development process.