bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of immunohistochemical expression of novel neuroendocrine marker INSM1 and histological tumor growth pattern in well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors of the appendix: 15-year single tertiary center experience
Authors: Koyuncuer Ali , Canbak Tolga , Acar Aylin , Şahin Onur 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors of the appendix (A-WDNET) are the most common neoplasms of the appendix but are rare and incidental. INSM1 is a novel transcription factor marker with high sensitivity and specificity for neuroendocrine differentiation. It may display architecturally diverse tumor growth patterns including solid, nest, insular trabecular, and acinar.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to determine the staining expression of INSM1 in A-WDNETs and detail the morphological tumor growth patterns.

Materials and Methods:
INSM1 immunohistochemistry was performed on 35 A-WDNET patients. Tumors were histologically classified according to their growth patterns.

Results:
Thirty-five patients, 60% of whom were male, had a mean age of 30 years at diagnosis and a mean tumor size of 0.9 cm. Eight percent of the tumors invaded the mucosa/submucosa, 34.3% showed invasion into the muscularis propria, 57.1% showed invasion into the subserosa or mesoappendix, LN metastasis was observed in two patients, lymph-vascular invasion in two patients, and perineural invasion in five patients. Ninety-four percent of the tumors were grade 1, the mitotic rate was >2% in two cases, and Ki-67 PI was >3% in two cases. INSM1 was positive in all cases (100%), 1+ 8.6%, 2+ 5.7%, 3+ 17.1%, 4+ 68.6%, weak staining in 11.4%, moderate staining in 22.9%, and strong staining in 67.7%. Type A histological growth pattern was observed in 54.3%, type B in 31.4%, and type C in 14.3% architecturally.

Conclusions:
INSM1 was positive in all A-WDNET morphological patterns and was 100% sensitive. INSM1 IHC can be used as an alternative to traditional neuroendocrine markers or in combination with the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors.
A Comparative Study of Postoperative Analgesic Efficacy of Suprainguinal versus Infrainguinal Approach of Ultrasound-guided Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block using 0.2% Ropivacaine in Patients Undergoing Surgery for Hip Fracture under Spinal Anesthesia
Authors: Mathur Pooja Rawat , Banerjee Ananda Prakash , Yadav Ratan Lal 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Context:
Fascia iliaca compartment block (FICB) is a useful modality to provide postoperative analgesia in patients with hip fracture undergoing surgery.

Aims:
The aims of this study were to compare the analgesic efficacy of suprainguinal versus infrainguinal approach of ultrasound-guided FICB using 0.2% ropivacaine in patients undergoing surgery for hip fracture under spinal anesthesia.

Settings and Design:
It was a prospective, randomized, controlled study.

Subject and Methods:
Group A (n = 25) received ultrasound-guided FICB by suprainguinal approach and Group B (n = 25) received ultrasound-guided FICB by infrainguinal approach. The primary objective was to compare 24-h postoperative analgesic efficacy using Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) score.

Statistical Analysis:
For data analysis, t-test, Mann–Whitney test, and Chi-square test were applied.

Results:
NRS score after 30 min of FICB in Group A was 2.36 ± 1.11 which was lower in comparison to 3.28 ± 0.94 in Group B (P = 0.002). NRS score during positioning in Group A was 2.16 ± 0.90, which was lower than Group B 3.08 ± 0.81 (P = 0. 0004). Greater block coverage was achieved in obturator nerve distribution in Group A 0.76 ± 0.52 compared to 0.16 ± 0.37 in Group B (P < 0.001). The total duration of analgesia was 493.40 ± 214.83 min, which was more in Group A than in Group B 367.48 ± 63.92 min (P = 0.007). Quality of recovery (QoR) score out of 150 in Group A was 120.60 ± 8.91 compared to 110.40 ± 7.59 in Group B (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
FICB by suprainguinal approach provides better analgesia, sensory block coverage, and conditions for positioning for spinal anesthesia and also has a higher time to first rescue analgesic requirement with better QoR compared to infrainguinal approach.
Therapeutic pearl: A simple cost-effective treatment for chronic digital intertrigo of toes
Authors: Mukhtar Muhammed , Mukhtar Nadia 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Chronic intertrigo of toe-web space is a recalcitrant problem which is often associated with multi-organism infections. For this, a number of topical therapy with preventative measure are used, but many of them are cumbersome and not very effective. Cryotherapy is a good option for treating the toe intertrigo, but its availability is major concern. Here as an alternative to cryotherapy, TCA cautery and NaOCl (a broad spectrum anti-infective agent) solution is advocated as a simple, feasible, and cost-effective treatment of chronic inter-digital intertrigo.
A customized syringe for separating ingrown toe nail from the gutter
Authors: Mukhtar Muhammed , Mukhtar Nadia 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Ingrown toenails is a painful foot problems seen in primary care among young men. To provide immediate pain relief, some types of splints are placed in the gutter to separate it from the ingrown lateral nail. There are time-consuming and effort-intensive procedures that use available nail separators and elevators to separate the nail plate. Here, the hub of the syringe is cut obliquely to create a bevelled or slant edge to create a custom nail separator which is a useful device for the easy and less painful separation of the ingrown nail plate from its gutter, which is an important stage of nail splinting.
Ovarian cancer with osteoblastic bone metastasis – A rare case report
Authors: Singhal Saloni , Sharma Ruchi , Sharma Somya , Lodi Ashar I. , Bhandari Virendra 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Ovarian cancer with bone involvement occurs rarely with an incidence of 0.1–0.12%. The common sites of bone metastasis are vertebrae, pelvic bones, and the skull. Patients present with severe localized bone pain, swelling, and difficulty in walking. We report a rare case of a 53-year-old female with metastatic epithelial serous adenocarcinoma of the ovary presented with multiple bony lesions in pelvic bones involving the sacrum, bilateral ilium, ischium and pubic bones and the right femur in the region of greater trochanter, smaller lesions in the left femur, and dorso lumbar vertebral metastasis while undergoing treatment as a part of distant spread. Radiologically, the osteolytic lesions are the most common, but in our case, the lesions are osteoblastic, which is rare.
Investigating the resistance mechanism of 5-fluorouracil in colorectal cancer based on surface markers of cancer stemness and cytokine level: A pre-clinical study
Authors: Patel Samir G. , Patel Alkeshkumar , Patel Nupur , Raiya Birva , Vora Hemangini , Jain Neeraj 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTS

Background:
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the deadliest malignancy in the world. The first-line chemotherapy used for CRC is 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). 5-FU completely eradicates rapidly proliferating and terminally differentiated tumor cells but fails to target cancer stem cells (CSCs). As a result, the tumor may shrink temporarily, but remnant CSC multiplies and forms a tumor again more aggressively. The recurrence and resistance lead to metastasis.

Methodology:
CRC was induced in 12 Sprague–Dawley (RPCP/IAEC/2019-20/R2) rats by 1,2 dimethyl hydrazine. Later, animals were treated with 5-FU for 7 weeks at a 10 mg/kg dose by the subcutaneous route. At the end of treatment, half population was sacrificed (6), whereas the remaining half (6) was left without treatment of 5-FU for 5 weeks and then sacrificed. Parameters such as body weight, complete blood count (CBC), immune cell subset (CD4, CD8, and NK cells), colon length to weight index, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) level, occult blood in stool, tumor multiplicity, and liver metastasis were estimated. In addition, the dissected colon was fixed in formalin and sent to the histology lab for hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry at both intervals.

Results:
All blood and tissue-based markers have shown significant differences (p < 0.05) between the animals sacrificed at the end of the 27th week and the end of the 32nd week for 5-FU treatment.

Conclusion:
It can be concluded that 5-FU up-regulates inflammatory cytokines and cell surface markers of CSC that promote CRC stemness via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Also, involvement of Nf-κB, fibronectin, MMP-9, and RANKL leads to tumorigenesis, disease aggressiveness, metastasis, and resistance.
Evaluation of EGFR in prognostic characterization in histopathological variants of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Tyagi Deepanshu , Singhal Meenakshi , Gulati Nikita , Jain Anshi , Shetty Devi Charan 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim of the Study:
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a tyrosine kinase receptor of the Erb B family contributing to proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. EGFR overexpression is frequently associated with poor clinical outcome in malignant neoplasms.
• To evaluate and compare immunoexpression of EGFR in histopathological variants of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).
• To hypothesize the role of EGFR in determining biological behavior and prognostic course of histopathological variants of OSCC

Materials and Methods:
The study comprised a total of 40 cases including 10 cases each of Squamous cell carcinoma, Verrucous carcinoma, Adenosquamous cell carcinoma, and Adenoid squamous cell carcinoma. EGFR immunoexpression was observed qualitatively as low (1), moderate (2) and strong (3) and quantitatively as score 1 for <10%, 2 for 10%-50%, and 3 for >50% positive cells. The resulting data were analyzed using SPSS software version 19. Data have been expressed as mean and standard deviation. Differences between the different variables were analyzed using ANOVA, and Pearson’s Chi-square. (p ≤ 0.05)

Result:
The study results revealed that the EFGR immunoexpression was highest in adenosquamous cell carcinoma followed by adenoid squamous cell carcinoma then conventional squamous cell carcinoma followed by lowest immunoexpression in verrucous carcinoma. The results were statistically significant. (p ≤ 0.05)

Conclusion:
Expression of EGFR could be established as a valuable biomarker with significant association in predicting aggressive potential and treatment response in various histopathological variants of OSCC. Further studies where EGFR could be linked to predictive indicators and tumor prognosis could be undertaken.
Prognostic implications of malignancy grading of invasive fronts of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Sharma Preeti , Wadhwan Vijay 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:
Invasive front malignancy grading system in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) introduced by Bryne et al. is reported to be of prognostic significance in a number of studies conducted in Western countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of the modified Bryne’s malignancy grading system and to compare it with the World Health Organization (WHO) grading system in the Indian population.

Methods:
The records of 50 patients diagnosed with primary OSCC were evaluated. Only large surgically resected specimens that had deep invasive fronts in the cut sections were selected. All hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides were analyzed by two grading systems: the WHO grading system and the Bryne’s malignancy grading of the deep invasive fronts of OSCCs.

Results:
Histopathologic grading in the invasive sites had highly significant prognostic value and had significant correlation with overall survival rate. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that five years following therapy, the proportion of cases surviving with Bryne’s scores lower or equal to 12 was 60.6% compared to only 17.6% for those with scores greater than 12. The drop in the survival curve of the patients with Bryne’s scores greater than 12 was much steeper toward the end of the two years (nearly 16 months). In WHO Grades I and II, the survival rate was 48.9% and in Grade III, it was Nil.

Conclusion:
The histologically invasive areas may be the only prognostic indicator for the clinical behavior of OSCC and can be used to predict overall survival in patients.
Efficacy of Nanoparticles in dose enhancement with high dose rate of Iridium-192 and Cobalt-60 radionuclide sources in the Treatment of Cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Gebremariam Tsige Y. , Geraily Ghazale , Arero Amanuel G. , Gholami Somayeh 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTS
A key challenge in radiation therapy is to maximize the radiation dose to cancer cells while minimizing damage to healthy tissues. In recent years, the introduction of remote after-loading technology such as high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy becomes the safest and more precise way of radiation delivery compared to classical low-dose-rate (LDR) brachytherapy. However, the axially symmetric dose distribution of HDR with single channel cylindrical applicator, the physical “dead-space” with multichannel applicators, and shielding material heterogeneities are the main challenges of HDR brachytherapy. Thus, this review aimed to quantitatively evaluate the dose enhancement factor (DEF) produced by high atomic number nanoparticles (NPs) which increases the interaction probability of photons mainly through the photoelectric effect induced in the great number of atoms contained in each nanoparticle. The NPs loaded to the target volume create a local intensification effect on the target tissue that allows imparting the prescribed therapeutic dose using lower fluxes of irradiation and spare the surrounding healthy tissues. An electronic database such as PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar was searched to retrieve the required articles. Unpublished articles were also reached by hand from available sources. The dose is increased using the high atomic number of nanoparticle elements under the high dose iridium radionuclide whereas the cobalt-60 radionuclide source did not. However, much work is required to determine the dose distribution outside the target organ or tumor to spare the surrounding healthy tissues for the iridium source and make compressive work to have more data for the cobalt source.
Sacrococcygeal mass in a 3-year-old unfolding as Dabska tumor—A very rare entity
Authors: Rajendran Ulagarasi , Arumugam Vasugi , Sundaram Sandhya , Ramasundaram Madhu 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Papillary intralymphatic angioendothelioma, previously known as Dabska’s tumor, is a very rare entity in children involving the skin and soft tissue. It is a low grade tumor characterized by papillary endovascular proliferations of atypical endothelial cells and anastomosing vascular channels in the dermis. We present a 3-year-old male child, with a history of swelling and mild pain in the right upper gluteal region, progressive in nature for 1 month duration. On examination, the swelling was soft to firm and mildly tender. Radiology was suggestive of Sacro-coccygeal teratoma. Grossly, it was an ill-defined grey brown lesion measuring 3.5 × 3 × 2 cm. Microscopy showed lesion arranged in papillary pattern with slit like vascular channels and intra luminal proliferations of hobnail like endothelial cells. Morphology and immunohistochemical studies revealed a diagnosis of Papillary intralymphatic angioendothelioma.
Ovarian cancer: A report from population-based cancer registry at central rural India
Authors: Gangane Nitin M. , Patil Bharat U. , Ghongade Pravinkumar V. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Ovarian neoplasms affect a huge part of the female population and, simultaneously, have the worst prognosis among all gynecological malignancies. In most of the population-based cancer registries (PBCR) in India, ovarian cancer is the third leading site of cancer among women, trailing behind cervix and breast cancer.

Materials and Methods:
In the present study, we have summarized the number of new cases of ovarian malignancy and its profile observed in the PBCR in central India during 7 years.

Reports:
During a 7-year duration (2010–2016), 6,515 cancer patients were recorded at PBCR, and 228 cases were of ovarian malignancy. It was observed that most of the cases in this study were in 41–50 years of life. The age-standardized incidence rate of ovarian cancers in the present study was 4.61 per 100,000, and the crude incidence rate was 5.08 per 100,000. The crude mortality rate and age-standardized mortality rate of ovarian cancer were 2.3 and 2.02 per 100,000, respectively. Serous carcinoma was our study’s most common histological subtype (43.75%), followed by mucinous carcinoma.

Conclusion:
A steady increase has been observed in the incidence of ovarian cancer in several registries. A significant goal in managing ovarian cancer is to develop an effective test to detect the disease at its earlier stages, resulting in reduced mortality.
Micrometastasis detection using modified papanicolaou stain in nodal tissues of oral squamous cell carcinoma – A histological study
Authors: Fernandes Anisha , Jayanth Diya , Sowmya S.V , Augustine Dominic , Haragannavar Vanishri C. , Prasad Kavitha , Hegde Usha , Sreeshyla H. S 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:
Cervical lymph node metastasis is the most important prognostic factor in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck (SCCHN). Detection and evaluation of micro-metastasis forms the basis for diagnosis, staging, treatment options and prognosis. Lymph node prognostic factors are extremely important for the survival and recurrence in the patient. Assessing lymph node metastasis in the absence of clinical enlargement is challenging.

Aim:
To evaluate micrometastasis and individual tumor cells (ITC) in regional lymph nodes of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) by modified papanicolaou (PAP) stain and re-evaluate the tumor staging.

Settings and Design:
The retrospective study was executed at MS Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences.

Methods and Materials:
The current study constituted a total of 40 lymph nodes from OSCC patients, metastatic (n=20) and non-metastatic lymph nodes (n=20). All sections were stained with H & E followed by modified PAP stain. Modified PAP was used for identification of micrometastasis deposits.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The Chi square test was employed to analyze significance.

Results:
Modified PAP stain proved to be more accurate (p = 0.006) than H and E stain in detecting micrometastasis which accounted for 15% of non-metastatic lymph node sections used in our study.

Conclusion:
Special stain like modified PAP stain is valuable and sensitive in detecting micro-metastasis over H and E stain. Detection of micrometastasis in OSCC patients is advantageous for the patient as it influences staging, it modifies the treatment plan in terms of both radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
Melanoma publications do not increase as much as the incidence of melanoma in the last two decades
Authors: Tas Faruk , Erturk Kayhan 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
In recent years, the incidence of melanoma has increased more dramatically than any other malignancy. We compared the number of publications between melanoma and other cancers in the last two decades. We performed a systematic search on PubMed using the search terms “melanoma” and “cancer” to determine the number of publications on melanoma and other cancers. The numbers and lifetime risk ratios of both melanoma and other cancer patients by year were obtained from the “Cancer Statistics” articles published annually by the American Cancer Society. The number of both melanoma and cancer publications increased at the same rate (3.01-fold), and the ratio of melanoma publications to all cancer publications did not change over the years: nearly, 3.4% on average. Melanoma rates increased faster than other cancers; 2.02 and 1.44 times, respectively. Similarly, the incidence of melanoma increased from 3.91% to 5.47%. In conclusion, the increase in the number of publications related to melanoma could not meet the dramatic increase in the number of melanoma patients.
Temozolomide-induced vitiligo-like reaction: An extremely rare phenomenon
Authors: Madan Renu , Raja M Karthik , Mahajan Rahul , Goyal Shikha 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Temozolomide (TMZ) is an alkylating chemotherapeutic drug, often used in high-grade glioma and metastatic melanoma. Common side effects of this include myelosuppression and gastrointestinal side effects. Vitiligo-like reaction is extremely rare after TMZ. Here, we report a case of a 55-year-old patient of glioblastoma who developed vitiligo-like reaction after starting adjuvant TMZ.
Lung cancer metastasizing to salivary glands: Systematic review
Authors: Gupta Sonia , Brar Sukhmeet Kaur , Shubha Kiran , Kaur Arshdeep , Basavaraju Suman , Kedia Neal Bharat , Garewal Navdeep Kaur , Kaur Manjinder , Singh Rajvir 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTS
Metastasis to salivary glands from the secondary source outside the head and neck region is extremely rare and Carcinoma Lung is one of the rarest sources of distant spread to salivary glands. Owing to missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis, accurate identification of clinical and pathological aspects of these metastatic lesions remains a challenging task. Many studies regarding metastasis to the oral cavity have been already documented in the literature, but very little research work has been done to analyse the cases of lung cancer metastasis as the sole primary source, particularly to salivary glands. Thus this review was conducted to analyse the published cases of lung cancer metastasizing to salivary glands as the only primary source till date. An electronic search of the published literature was performed without publication year limitation in PubMed/ Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Science direct, Embase, and Research gate databases, using Mesh keywords like (Lung cancer’, OR ‘Lung carcinoma), AND (Metastasis OR Metastases), And (Salivary glands OR Parotid gland OR Submandibular gland OR Sublingual gland). We also searched all related journals manually. The reference list of all articles was also checked. Our research revealed 34 relevant papers between 1965-2022 with a total of 44 patients. The most prevalent diagnosed metastatic Lung cancer was Small cell lung cancer. Parotid was the most common gland involved in metastasis. 48% of patients died of metastasis with a mean survival time of 2.2 years. Salivary gland metastasis from Lung cancer is very rare and has a poor prognosis. More cases need to be published in order to raise awareness of these lesions and gain a better understanding of their characteristics.