bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating modelled tropospheric columns of CH4, CO, and O3 in the Arctic using ground-based Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements
Authors: Flood Victoria A. , Strong Kimberly , Whaley Cynthia H. , Walker Kaley A. , Blumenstock Thomas , Hannigan James W. , Mellqvist Johan , Notholt Justus , Palm Mathias , Röhling Amelie N. , Arnold Stephen , Beagley Stephen , Chien Rong-You , Christensen Jesper , Deushi Makoto , Dobricic Srdjan , Dong Xinyi , Fu Joshua S. , Gauss Michael , Gong Wanmin , Langner Joakim , Law Kathy S. , Marelle Louis , Onishi Tatsuo , Oshima Naga , Plummer David A. , Pozzoli Luca , Raut Jean-Christophe , Thomas Manu A. , Tsyro Svetlana , Turnock Steven 
Published: January 2024

Abstract. This study evaluates tropospheric columns of methane, carbon monoxide, and ozone in the Arctic simulated by 11 models. The Arctic is warming at nearly 4 times the global average rate, and with changing emissions in and near the region, it is important to understand Arctic atmospheric composition and how it is changing. Both measurements and modelling of air pollution in the Arctic are difficult, making model validation with local measurements valuable. Evaluations are performed using data from five high-latitude ground-based Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers in the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC). The models were selected as part of the 2021 Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) report on short-lived climate forcers. This work augments the model–measurement comparisons presented in that report by including a new data source: column-integrated FTIR measurements, whose spatial and temporal footprint is more representative of the free troposphere than in situ and satellite measurements. Mixing ratios of trace gases are modelled at 3-hourly intervals by CESM, CMAM, DEHM, EMEP MSC-W, GEM-MACH, GEOS-Chem, MATCH, MATCH-SALSA, MRI-ESM2, UKESM1, and WRF-Chem for the years 2008, 2009, 2014, and 2015. The comparisons focus on the troposphere (0–7 km partial columns) at Eureka, Canada; Thule, Greenland; Ny Ålesund, Norway; Kiruna, Sweden; and Harestua, Norway. Overall, the models are biased low in the tropospheric column, on average by −9.7 % for CH4, −21 % for CO, and −18 % for O3. Results for CH4 are relatively consistent across the 4 years, whereas CO has a maximum negative bias in the spring and minimum in the summer and O3 has a maximum difference centered around the summer. The average differences for the models are within the FTIR uncertainties for approximately 15 % of the model–location comparisons.
MAGARA: a Multi-Angle Geostationary Aerosol Retrieval Algorithm
Authors: Limbacher James A. , Kahn Ralph A. , Friberg Mariel D. , Lee Jaehwa , Summers Tyler , Zhang Hai 
Published: January 2024

Abstract. For over 40 years, the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) system has provided frequent snapshots of the Western Hemisphere. The advanced baseline imagers (ABIs) on the GOES-16, GOES-17, and GOES-18 platforms are the first GOES-series imagers that meet the precision requirements for high-quality, aerosol-related research. We present MAGARA, a Multi-Angle Geostationary Aerosol Retrieval Algorithm, that leverages multi-angle ABI imagery to exploit the differences in autocorrelation timescales between surface reflectance, aerosol type, and aerosol loading. MAGARA retrieves pixel-level (up to 1 km) aerosol loading and fine-mode fraction at up to the cadence of the measurements (10 min), fine- and coarse-mode aerosol particle properties at a daily cadence, and surface properties by combining the multi-angle radiances with robust surface characterization inherent to temporally tiled algorithms. We present three case studies, and because GOES-17 was not making observations for one case, we present this as a unique demonstration of the multi-angle algorithm using only a single ABI sensor. We also compare MAGARA retrievals of fine-mode (FM) aerosol optical depth (AOD), coarse-mode (CM) AOD, and single-scattering albedo (SSA) statistically, with coincident AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) spectral deconvolution algorithm (SDA) and inversion retrievals for the same period, and against bias-corrected NOAA GOES-16 and GOES-17 retrieved 550 nm AOD. For MAGARA vs. coincident AERONET over-land 500 nm fine-mode fraction and AOD>0.3, MAE=0.031, RMSE=0.100, and r=0.902, indicating good sensitivity to fine-mode fraction over land, especially for smoky regions. For bias-corrected MAGARA vs. coincident AERONET spectral single-scattering albedo with MAGARA AOD>0.5 (n=116), MAE=0.010, RMSE=0.015, and the correlation is 0.87. MAGARA performs best in regions where surface reflectance varies over long timescales with minimal clouds. This represents a large portion of the western half of the United States, much of north-central Africa and the Middle East, some of central Asia, and much of Australia. For these regions, aerosol type and aerosol loading on timescales as short as 10 min could allow for novel research into aerosol–cloud interactions, improvements to air-quality modeling and forecasting, and tighter constraints on direct aerosol radiative forcing.
High-resolution (1 km) all-sky net radiation over Europe enabled by the merging of land surface temperature retrievals from geostationary and polar-orbiting satellites
Authors: Rains Dominik , Trigo Isabel , Dutra Emanuel , Ermida Sofia , Ghent Darren , Hulsman Petra , Gómez-Dans Jose , Miralles Diego G. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Surface net radiation (SNR) is a vital input for many land surface and hydrological models. However, most of the current remote sensing datasets of SNR come mostly at coarse resolutions or have large gaps due to cloud cover that hinder their use as input in models. Here, we present a downscaled and continuous daily SNR product across Europe for 2018–2019. Long-wave outgoing radiation is computed from a merged land surface temperature (LST) product in combination with Meteosat Second Generation emissivity data. The merged LST product is based on all-sky LST retrievals from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI) onboard the geostationary Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) satellite and clear-sky LST retrievals from the Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer (SLSTR) onboard the polar-orbiting Sentinel-3A satellite. This approach makes use of the medium spatial (approx. 5–7 km) but high temporal (30 min) resolution, gap-free data from MSG along with the low temporal (2–3 d) but high spatial (1 km) resolution of the Sentinel-3 LST retrievals. The resulting 1 km and daily LST dataset is based on an hourly merging of both datasets through bias correction and Kalman filter assimilation. Short-wave outgoing radiation is computed from the incoming short-wave radiation from MSG and the downscaled albedo using 1 km PROBA-V data. MSG incoming short-wave and long-wave radiation and the outgoing radiation components at 1 km spatial resolution are used together to compute the final daily SNR dataset in a consistent manner. Validation results indicate an improvement of the mean squared error by ca. 7 % with an increase in spatial detail compared to the original MSG product. The resulting pan-European SNR dataset, as well as the merged LST product, can be used for hydrological modelling and as input to models dedicated to estimating evaporation and surface turbulent heat fluxes and will be regularly updated in the future. The datasets can be downloaded from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8332222 (Rains, 2023a) and https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8332128 (Rains, 2023b).
Carotenoids of tomato and tomato paste: verification of the occurrence of γ-carotene
Authors: Kimura Mieko , Rodriguez-Amaya Delia 
Published: January 2024

Tomato and tomato paste are among the most consumed foodstuffs worldwide. Although their carotenoid compositions have been widely determined, some inconsistencies can be discerned in theliterature. In Brazil, γ-carotene was detected in fresh tomato but not in various tomato products, usingopen column chromatography (OCC). On the other hand, very high amounts of this carotenoid were obtained in American tomato products, using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Thus,this work was carried out to verify if the difference in data was due to natural variation or an artifact of the analysis. In fresh tomato, 11 carotenoids were identified: trans-lycopene, phytoene, phytofluene, β-carotene, lutein, 13-cis-lycopene, 15-cis-lycopene, γ-carotene, trans-ζ-carotene, cis-ζ-carotene, and neurosporene. In tomato paste, aside from the mentioned carotenoids, cis-β-carotene and four unidentified carotenoids were also detected. γ-Carotene was found in comparable concentrations in Brazilian and American tomato pastes, at levels much lower than β-carotene, apparently below the detection limit of OCC. The removalof the peel and the maturity stage of the fresh tomatoes could not explain the loss of γ-carotene in Brazilian tomato pastes, indicating that degradation was involved. The results do not lend support to the high levels of γ-carotene in American tomato products.
Application of Contingent Valuation Method on Economic Valuation of Coral Reef Ecosystems in Gili Gede Marine Area, West Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Akbar Muhammad Amri , Afifi Mansur , Diswandi Diswandi 
Published: January 2024

The most obvious way to measure non-market value is to question individuals directly about their willingness to pay for a good or service. This study evaluates the economic value of coral reef ecosystems using the contingent valuation method (CVM) technique by measuring the willingness to pay the community. Furthermore, this study aims to analyze the factors that influence the willingness to pay (WTP) and the amount of the value of the community's willingness to pay (WTP) for the conservation of coral reef ecosystems in Gili Gede waters. Sample determination in this study used purposive sampling techniques with interview structured data collection techniques guided by questionnaires. Data analysis used logistic regression for factors affecting WTP and multiple linear regression for factors affecting WTP values. The results of this study found that the average WTP value of the community was Rp. 7,257 / person in the mandatory scenario and Rp. 4,685 / person in the voluntary scenario. Factors that affect the willingness to pay the community for coral reef conservation fees in the Gili Gede fishing area are education and concern for the environment. For factors that affect the amount of the value of willingness to pay the community for coral reef conservation fees in the Gili Gede fishing area in the mandatory scenario are education, domicile and concern for the environment and in the voluntary scenario are gender, education, domicile and concern for the environment
تحليل استخدام التعبيرات الاصطلاحية العربية في كتب العربية للناشئين
Authors: Maghfiroh Alfi , Niswah Isniyatun 
Published: January 2024

Arabic idioms are phrases made up of two or more words. This sentence has a different meaning than the original word. So it requires Arabic idiomatic theory in choosing the correct meaning and in accordance with the purpose of the meaning of a sentence. With 2 formulations of the problem 1) What are the patterns of idioms found in the book Arobiyah Lin-Nasyiin?, 2) What are the elements of idioms in the book Arobiyah Lin-Nasyiin? The research method uses descriptive qualitative with a literature study and content analysis approach.
The results of this study describe the use of 6 patterns of idioms in the book Arobiyah Lin-Nasyiin a) Fi'il + Isim + Huruf, b) Isim + Isim, c) Fi'il + Huruf, d) Fi'il + Isim, e) Fi'il + Fi'il + Isim, f) Fi'il + Isim + Huruf. 2) Types or types of meaning of Arabic idioms in the book Arobiyah Lin-Nasyiin are grouped into 2 types, a) Ta'rib al-kamilah, and b) Ta'bir Juz i.
Implementasi Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) dalam Pemberdayaan Masyarakat di Desa Tagawiti Kecamatan Ile Ape Kabupaten Lembata
Authors: Reya Lelangona Maria Salvi , W. Ballo Fransina , Molidya Aldarine 
Published: January 2024

Implementasi Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) di Desa Tagawiti kurang efektif karena masih terdapat ketidakmaksimalan dalam empat faktor pendukung, seperti penggunaan bantuan untuk kebutuhan lain, ketidakvalidan data, dan kekurangan anggaran bagi KPM PKH, meskipun pendamping PKH telah melakukan koordinasi dengan pihak terkait. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana Implementasi Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) di Desa Tagawiti, Kecamatan Ile Ape, Kabupaten Lembata. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer dan juga data sekunder, yang kemudian dianalisis menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian inmenggunakan teknik wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi dengan menggunakan teori implementasi kebijakan Edward III. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa implementasi PKH di Desa Tagawiti belum maksimal sesuai dengan empat faktor pendukung dalam implementasi. Sesuai dengan teori kebijakan Edward III yang terdiri dari komunikasi yang ditunjukan dengan adanya himbauan kepada KPM PKH di Desa Tagawiti supaya bijak dalam pemanfaatan bantuan, namun dalam pelaksananya KPM PKH di Desa Tagawiti masih menggunakan bantuan untuk kebutuhan lainya dan masih banyak masyarakat yang tidak mendapatkan bantuan PKH karena data yang tidak valid. Sumber daya manusia dari segi kualitasnya juga sudah kompoten, dari segi anggaran belum mencukupi kebutuhan KPM PKH, selanjutnya disposisi dalam penyaluran bantuan sikap pelaksana sangat baik dalam pelayanan. Dalam birokrasi Pendamping PKH di Desa Tagawiti telah melakukan koordinasi dengan beberapa pihak dalam pelaksanaan Implementasi PKH yang ada di Desa Tagawiti.
Learning Management of TPQ Al-Hilal Malang in Solving Illiteracy Reading The Quran and Increasing Student Creativity
Authors: Widodo Wahyudi 
Published: January 2024

Al Quran Education Park is a non-formal educational facility that aims to improve the ability to read and write the Quran and understand Islam. The number of bad records regarding the management of the Qur'an Education Park (TPQ) and the large number of generations of Indonesian Muslims who are illiterate of the Qur'an seems to be caused by a lack of knowledge of the Qur'an and implementing learning management properly and correctly. This study aims to describe learning management in the Al-Qur'an Al-Hilal Education Park Malang. This research uses qualitative or field. The results obtained in the learning planning stage are held monthly between the management and the ustadz/ustadzah. In organizing learning, learning grouping activities consist of TPQ al-Hilal consisting of group division, division of guardians and group assistants, compiling, student entrance schedules, learning implementation times, determining the material to be taught, and choosing the method used. In the implementation of learning, it consists of 3 stages of learning, namely introduction, core, and closing. In the evaluation of learning at TPQ al-Hilal, there are two evaluations: monthly and annual. The learning used the UMMI Qur'an method and added creative archery, coloring, or calligraphy activities.
Outcomes of Wide Awake Local Anaesthesia no Tourniquet (WALANT) In Soft Tissue Surgeries Of The Hand
Authors: Panthee Rajan , Kumar Gupta Mithilesh , Nepal Santosh , Kafle Gokul , Kumar Sah Raj , Mahato Ajay 
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Hemostasis in hand surgery can be achieved by use of an arm tourniquet but it has its own disadvantages like tourniquet-related pain, muscle and nerve injury, post-tourniquet thrombosis, and bleeding. Another method can be the use of epinephrine locally, but surgeons are concerned with digital ischemia and necrosis as seen with use of procaine in the 1970s. Recently Wide Awake Local Anesthesia No Tourniquet (WALANT) is being popular among hand surgeons in which a mixture of local anesthetic with adrenaline and sodium bicarbonate is used. Despite the absence of tourniquet related complications in WALANT technique, surgeons are reluctant to use lignocaine with epinephrine in hand surgery.
Objectives: The objective of this study is to observe the outcomes of WALANT technique in various surgical procedures of hand.
Methodology: This prospective study involved 103 patients undergoing soft tissue surgery of the hand at Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital. Patients meeting inclusion criteria and willing to participate in study were included. A proforma was filled by the operating surgeon and another proforma was to be filled by patient at home after discharge which was retrieved at follow-up visit. A mixture of 10 ml of 2% lignocaine with adrenaline diluted in equal volume of normal saline and 2ml of 8.4% sodium bicarbonate was used for local anesthesia.None of our patients developed digital ischemia or necrosis, one patient developed surgical site infection which recovered with oral antibiotics. The mean VAS score at the time of administration of local anesthesia was 3.8+1.2, intraoperatively it was 1.8+ 1.1 and at 2 hours postoperatively it was 2.3+1.3. VAS score at 6 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours postoperatively was 3.2+1.2, 3.4+1.4 and 3.7+1.1 respectively. Hemostasis control was excellent in 33 cases, very good in 58 cases, good in 8 cases, and poor in 4 cases.
Conclusion: We conclude that WALANT technique is safe to use in various soft tissue surgeries of hand surgery in terms digital ischemia, necrosis or wound infection and effective in providing excellent control of hemostasis at surgical site.
Composition and Structure of Tiwoho Mangrove Vegetation at Bunaken National Parkional Park (Komposisi Dan Struktur Vegetasi Mangrove Tiwoho di Kawasan Taman Nasional Bunaken)
Authors: Supratman Supratman Tabba , Nurlita Nurlita Indah Wahyuni , Hendra Hendra Susanto Mokodompit 
Published: January 2024

Tiwoho mangrove forest islocated in north coast of North Sulawesi province.This area functions as life buffer system for community and sustainability of Bunaken National Park. Due to the important and strategic roles of mangrove in protection and ecological functions, therefore, it is needed to know scientific information about mangrove population dynamics. This research aims to know the vegetation composition and structure vegetation of Tiwoho mangrove forest. Data collection used 20x20 m sample plots that were sistematically laid from the sea to the land side up to the highest tidal line. Distance between plots along 25 m. Results showed that at tree level Sonneratia alba had the highest Important Value Index (IVI) of 206,88 % and Brugueira sp of 46,06 %. Although Rhizopora apiculata value is lower than Brugueira sp. But the values of relative frequency of these species are almost similar. It means that both species are frequently found in observation plots. Rhizophora apiculata dominate at pole and sapling levels, but frequency of occurance this species is lower than Brugueira sp in pole level.
Hydrogenation versus Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones: Two Established Ruthenium Systems Catalyze Both
Authors: Rautenstrauch Valentin , Hoang‐Cong Xuân , Churlaud Raphaël , Abdur‐Rashid Kamaluddin , Morris Robert H. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe established standard ketone hydrogenation (abbreviated HY herein) precatalyst [Ru(Cl)2((S)‐tolbinap){(S,S)‐dpen}] ((S),(S,S)‐1) has turned out also to be a precatalyst for ketone transfer hydrogenation (abbreviated TRHY herein) as tested on the substrate acetophenone (3) in iPrOH under standard conditions (45 °C, 45 bar H2 or Ar at atmospheric pressure). HY works at a substrate catalyst ratio (s:c) of up to 106 and TRHY at s:c<104. Both produce (R)‐1‐phenylethan‐1‐ol ((R)‐4), but the ee in HY are much higher (78–83 %) than in TRHY (4–62 %). In both modes, iPrOK is needed to generate the active catalysts, and the more there is (1–4500 equiv), the faster the catalytic reactions. The ee is about constant in HY and diminishes in TRHY as more iPrOK is added. The ketone TRHY precatalyst [Ru(Cl)2((S,S)‐cyP2(NH)2)] ((S,S)‐2), established at s:c=200, has also turned out to be a ketone HY precatalyst at up to s:c=106, again as tested on 3 in iPrOH under standard conditions. The enantioselectivity is opposite in the two modes and only high in TRHY: with (S,S)‐2, one obtains (R)‐4 in up to 98 % ee in TRHY as reported and (S)‐4 in 20–25 % ee in HY. iPrOK is again required to generate the active catalysts in both modes, and again, the more there is, the faster the catalytic reactions. The ee in TRHY are only high when 0.5–1 equivalents iPrOK are used and diminish when more is added, while the (low) ee is again about constant in HY as more iPrOK is added (0–4500 equiv). The new [Ru(H)(Cl)((S,S)‐cyP2(NH)2)] isomers (S,S)‐9 A and (S,S)‐9 B (mixture, exact structures unknown) are also precatalysts for the TRHY and HY of 3 under the same conditions, and (R)‐4 is again produced in TRHY and (S)‐4 in HY, but the lower ee shows that in TRHY (S,S)‐9 A/(S,S)‐9 B do not lead to the same catalysts as (S,S)‐2. In contrast, the ee are in accord with (S,S)‐9 A/(S,S)‐9 B leading to the same catalysts as (S,S)‐2 in HY. The kinetic rate law for the HY of 3 in iPrOH and in benzene using (S,S)‐9 A/(S,S)‐9 B/iPrOK or (S,S)‐9 A/(S,S)‐9 B/tBuOK is consistent with a fast, reversible addition of 3 to a five‐coordinate amidohydride (S,S)‐11 to give an (S,S)‐11‐substrate complex, in competition with the rate‐determining addition of H2 to (S,S)‐11 to give a dihydride [Ru(H)2((S,S)‐cyP2(NH)2)] (S,S)‐10, which in turn reacts rapidly with 3 to generate (S)‐4 and (S,S)‐11. The established achiral ketone TRHY precatalyst [Ru(Cl)2(ethP2(NH)2)] (12) has turned out to be also a powerful precatalyst for the HY of 3 in iPrOH at s:c=106 and of some other substrates. Response to the presence of iPrOK is as before, except that 12 already functions well without it at up to s:c=106.
The Austrian strategy for sustainable development: process review and policy analysis
Authors: Martinuzzi André , Steurer Reinhard 
Published: October 2003

AbstractIn compliance with UN requests, National Strategies for Sustainable Development (NSSDs) are emerging around the world. With these strategies, countries are supposed to halt or reverse trends that conflict with sustainable development. We begin by giving a brief overview of the history of environmental policy planning leading up to NSSDs. Afterwards, we summarize the content of the 2002 Austrian SSD and describe its making as well as implementation processes. On that basis, we proceed to analyze its respective strengths, weaknesses and the lessons learned in the process. As one of the authors took part in the making of the Austrian strategy, our process description and the subsequent analysis are able to draw upon insider knowledge. The three main conclusions of this analysis are the following: (i) the design of the implementation process is more policy relevant than NSSDs themselves; (ii) as NSSD processes, driven by bureaucracies rather than governments, will face limits in implementation, high‐level political commitment is crucial and (iii) experiences and lessons learned should not only be transferred from international organizations to individual countries but also directly between the countries themselves. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.