bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Additional notes on stomach contents of sperm whales Physeter macrocephalus stranded in the north-east Atlantic
Authors: Santos M.B. , Pierce G.J. , Hartmann M. García , Smeenk C. , Addink M.J. , Kuiken T. , Reid R.J. , Patterson I.A.P. , Lordan C. , Rogan E. , Mente E. 
Published: October 2002

The stomach contents of seven male sperm whales Physeter macrocephalus (Odontoceti:
Physeteridae) from the north-east Atlantic were examined. One animal was stranded on 27 November
1997 near Wassenaar (the Netherlands). Four became stranded the following day, 28 November
1997, on the island of Ameland (the Netherlands); three of these had food remains
in the stomach. Samples were also examined from a whale stranded in August 1998 at
Bettyhill (Scotland) and one live-stranded in March 1996 at Tory Island, Co. Donegal
(Ireland). Finally, a sample of the stomach contents from a whale stranded near Terneuzen
(Scheldt Estuary, the Netherlands) in February 1937 was also examined.All samples consisted almost entirely of cephalopod beaks. Some fish remains were also found in the stomach of the Wassenaar and one of the Ameland whales. The cephalopod prey were mainly oceanic species: Gonatus sp. (probably Gonatus fabricii, Oegopsida: Gonatidae) was the main prey for all the animals stranded in the Netherlands. The specimen stranded in Ireland had consumed a wider range of prey, mainly Histioteuthis bonnellii (Oegopsida: Histiotetuhidae), but also Architeuthis sp. (Oegopsida: Architeuthidae), Chiroteuthis sp. (Oegopsida: Chiroteuthidae), Teuthowenia megalops (Oegopsida: Cranchiidae) and the octopod Haliphron atlanticus (Incirrata: Alloposidae). The fish remains from the Wassenaar whale were saithe (Pollachius virens, Gadiformes: Gadidae), while remains of monkfish (Lophius sp., Lophiiformes: Lophiidae) and an unidentified fish were recorded from one of the Ameland animals.
Assay of salsolinol in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of alcoholics and healthy subjects by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Haber H. , Jahn H. , Ehrenreich H. , Melzig M. F. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractEndogenous 6,7‐dihydroxy‐1‐methyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline (salsolinol) could be a potential marker involved in the aetiology of alcoholism.Whereas the amount of salsolinol in plasma and urine depends on several dietary conditions, the salsolinol from peripheral mononuclear cells should be formed endogenously. Salsolinol was quantified in lymphocytes of 10 controls and 11 alcoholics (after 1 and 13 weeks of abstinence) using solid phase extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Alcoholics showed significantly lower salsolinol concentration than the controls. After 13 weeks of abstinence a further significant decrease of SAL levels could be seen in the lymphocytes of alcoholics. The findings of this study support the theory that salsolinol might be a trait marker in alcoholism.
The Treatment and Outcome of Patients With Soft Tissue Sarcomas and Synchronous Metastases
Authors: Kane John M. , Finley J. William , Driscoll Deborah , Kraybill William G. , Gibbs John F. 
Published: October 2002

Introduction: There is a strong association between poor overall survival and a short disease‐free interval for patients with
soft tissue sarcomas (STS) and metastatic disease. Patients with STS and synchronous metastases should have a very dismal
prognosis.The role of surgery in this subgroup of patients with STS has not been defined.Patients and Methods: A single‐institution retrospective review was performed of 48 patients with STS and synchronous
metastases in regard to patient demographics, presentation, tumor characteristics, metastatic sites, treatment, follow‐up, and
survival over a 27‐year period.Results: Most primary tumors were ≥10 cm (58%), high‐grade histology (77%), and located on the extremity (60%).The
most frequent site of metastatic disease was the lung (63%); 27% of patients had metastases to ≥2 organ sites. Surgery to
the primary tumor was performed in 94% of patients (n = 45) and 68% had additional radiation therapy (n = 32). Thirty‐
five percent of patients underwent at least one metastastectomy (n = 17). Chemotherapy was administered to 90% of patients
(n = 43); 31% received ≥3 different regimens (n = 15) and 25% were given intra‐arterial or intracavitary therapy (n = 12).
Median overall survival was 15 months with a 21% 2‐year survival. Local control of the primary tumor was achieved in 54%
(n = 26), and metastastectomy was performed in 35% (n = 17). No analyzed factors were associated with an improvement
in overall survivalConclusions: Despite multiple poor prognostic factors, the survival of patients with STS and metastases is comparable to
those who develop delayed metastatic disease. However, unlike patients who present with metachronous disease, there was
no improved survival observed for patients treated with metastastectomy. Consequently, treatment for patients with STS
and synchronous metastases should be approached with caution. Surgical management of STS with synchronous metastases
must be considered palliative and should be reserved for patients requiring palliation of symptoms. Patients must also
be well informed of the noncurative nature of the procedure.
Late Pleistocene Vertebrates and Other Fossils from Epiguruk, Northwestern Alaska
Authors: Hamilton Thomas D. , Ashley Gail M. , Reed Katherine M. , Schweger Charles E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSediments exposed at Epiguruk, a large cutbank on the Kobuk River about 170 km inland from Kotzebue Sound, record multiple episodes of glacial-age alluviation followed by interstadial downcutting and formation of paleosols. Vertebrate remains from Epiguruk include mammoth, bison, caribou, an equid, a canid, arctic ground squirrel, lemmings, and voles. Radiocarbon ages of bone validated by concordant ages of peat and wood span the interval between about 37,000 and 14,000 yr B.P. The late Pleistocene pollen record is dominated by Cyperaceae, with Artemisia, Salix, Betula, and Gramineae also generally abundant. The fossil record from Epiguruk indicates that the Kobuk River valley supported tundra vegetation with abundant riparian willows during middle and late Wisconsin time. Large herbivores were present during the height of late Wisconsin glaciation as well as during its waning stage and the preceding interstadial interval. The Kobuk River valley would have been a favorable refugium for plants, animals, and possibly humans throughout the last glaciation.
Deglacial Flood Origin of the Charleston Alluvial Fan, Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley
Authors: Porter Donna A. , Guccione Margaret J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractLarge-magnitude flooding of the Mississippi River from proglacial lakes Agassiz and Superior most likely occurred between 11,300 and 10,900 and 9900 and 9500 yr B.P. The Charleston alluvial fan, a depositional remnant of one of these floods, is located at the head of a wide alluvial plain near Charleston, Missouri. The fan is an elongate, convex-up sand body (16 × 24 km) composed of medium- and fine-grained sand at least 8 m thick. This sand contrasts with the older coarse-grained sand of the braided stream surface to the west and south and younger silty clay of the meandering stream level to the north and east. A weakly developed soil separates the underlying braided steam deposits from the alluvial fan. A bulk-soil radiocarbon date of 10,590 ± 200 yr B.P. from the contact between the fan and clays of the meandering stream system indicates that the Charleston fan was deposited near the end of the early interval of flooding from Lake Agassiz about 10,900 yr B.P. If the Charleston fan is the last remnant of deglacial flooding in the lower Mississippi Valley, then deposition of significant quantities of sediment from largemagnitude floods between 10,000 and 9500 yr B.P. did not extend into the lower Mississippi Valley through Thebes Gap.
Late Wisconsinan Vegetation and Environment of the Tunica Hills Region, Louisiana/Mississippi
Authors: Jackson Stephen T. , Givens Charles R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPollen, plant macrofossil, and radiocarbon-dating studies of seven exposures of fluvial sediments in the Tunica Hills region of southeastern Louisiana and southwestern Mississippi provide new information on late Wisconsinan vegetation, flora, and environment of the region. The assemblages date between 25,250 and 17,530 yr B.P. Pollen and macrofossil assemblages are dominated byPicea,which comprises 40-70% of the pollen assemblages.AbiesandLarixpollen and macrofossils are absent, in contrast to sites to the north in the central Mississippi Valley. Deciduous hardwoods (Quercus, Fagus, Fraxinus, Carya, Juglans nigra, Acer, Ulmus) are minor components of both pollen and macrofossil assemblages. Radiocarbon dates ofPiceaandQuercuswood indicate that these two genera grew contemporaneously in the region. Regional upland forests were dominated byPicea. Piceacones and cone fragments are not typical of any extant North American species, and probably represent either an extinct species or an extinct variety or subspecies ofPicea glauca.Late Wisconsinan climate of the region was cooler than present, but not necessarily as cool as implied byP. glaucaor other "boreal" taxa.
The Potential Role of Peatland Dynamics in Ice-Age Initiation
Authors: Klinger Lee F. , Taylor John A. , Franzen Lars G. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPhysical and chemical coupling of peatland vegetation, soils and landforms, and atmosphere creates feedbacks which may be important in ice-age initiation. A box diffusion CO2 exchange model shows that a transient forcing of 500 Gt C (the amount proposed to have accumulated in peatlands during the last interglacial–glacial transition) over 5000 yr results in a lowering of atmospheric CO2 by about 40 ppm. Proxy data indicate that a decrease in atmospheric CO2 may have occurred over the last 5000 yr up to preindustrial times, and the amount is similar to that calculated from Holocene peatland expansion (∼22 ppm). These results suggest that models should consider the role of peatlands in ice-age initiation.
The impact of social‐responsibility screens on investment performance: Evidence from the Domini 400 social index and Domini Equity Mutual Fund
Authors: Sauer David A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSocially responsible investors apply both financial and social criteria when evaluating investments in order to ensure that the securities selected are consistent with their personal value system and beliefs. This paper examines the potential impact these additional restrictions have on investment performance by comparing the performance characteristics of a carefully constructed, well diversified portfolio of socially screened stocks with two unrestricted benchmark portfolios. In contrast to prior research, the performance of the socially responsible portfolio examined in this paper is not subject to the confounding effects of trans‐ action costs, management fees, or differences in investment policy that are associated with actively managed mutual funds. Therefore, it is possible to more clearly isolate the potential performance implications associated with subjecting the investment opportunity set to social screening. Contrary to expectations, our findings indicate that application of social‐responsibility screens does not necessarily have an adverse impact on investment performance.
Prospect theory as an explanation of risky choice by professional investors: Some evidence
Authors: Olsen Robert A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper examines the results of surveys of professional investment managers' risk perceptions and investment preferences. Managers are found to exhibit loss aversion, to be risk averse for gains and risk loving for loss; and to believe in time diversification. The results are consistent with the implications of the S‐shaped value function of Prospect Theory.
Effects of dietary supplements of algae, containing polyunsaturated fatty acids, on milk yield and the composition of milk products in dairy ewes
Authors: PAPADOPOULOS GEORGE , GOULAS CHRISTOS , APOSTOLAKI ELENI , ABRIL RUBEN 
Published: October 2002

Thirty-two lactating Karagouniko ewes were allocated at random to four groups for 6 weeks, to examine the effect of four diets: C (control treatment, ration without algae); LA (ration with low level of algae); MA (ration with medium level of algae) and HA (ration with high level of algae); containing 0, 23·5, 47 and 94 g algae, respectively, on the enrichment of milk and dairy products. Addition of algae reduced (P<0·001) DM intake for treatments MA and HA. Milk yield did not differ between treatments but milk composition was significantly affected by dietary inclusion of algae. Milk fat content was significantly increased (P<0·001) for treatment HA whereas milk protein content was significantly increased (P<0·001) for all treatments containing algae. Milk from treatments LA, MA and HA was significantly enriched in the following PUFA: C20[ratio ]5 (n-3) (0·4–2·1%), C22[ratio ]5 (n-6) (0·8–4·1%), C22[ratio ]6 (n-3) (4·3–12·4%) (P<0·001) and C22[ratio ]5 (n-3) (2·1–3·1%) (P<0·05), which were not detected in control milk. Feta cheese and yogurts produced from the enriched milk had identical composition with the milk, and would be characterized as healthy foods. The ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids was 2·5–4·5.
Reproductive cycle of Bolinus brandaris and penis and genital duct size variations in a population affected by imposex
Authors: Ramón Montserrat , Amor María José 
Published: October 2002

The reproductive cycle of Bolinus brandaris (Gastropoda: Muricidae) was investigated.
Specimens were sampled monthly from a site off Sant Carles de la Ràpita, in the western
Mediterranean, between February 1999 and March 2000. A pattern was observed in the reproductive
cycle, with two reproductive peaks (April and June–July).
The first stages of gametogenesis began in September for males and November for
females. Mature males were found from December to April and from June to July.
Maximum ripening in females was attained at the end of June and during July,
coinciding with the spawning season. In May, there was a resting stage in females,
and for both sexes from August to October.Males exhibited variation in penis length and vas deferens width related to the reproductive cycle. Sizes of both dimensions increased as maturation progressed. The variation was not found in imposex females.
Predation of guanacos (Lama guanicoe) by southernmost mountain lions (Puma concolor) during a historically severe winter in Torres del Paine National Park, Chile
Authors: Bank Michael S. , Sarno Ronald J. , Campbell Nichole K. , Franklin William L. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe effects of mountain lion Puma concolor predation on guanaco Lama guanicoe mortality was investigated during the historically severe winter of 1995 in Torres del Paine National Park, Chile. The 45 guanaco carcasses located represented 3% of the entire guanaco population of which 74% were mountain lion kills, 13% died from malnutrition, 2% died from fence entanglement and 11% died from unknown causes. Depleted bone marrow fat was observed in 20% of all carcasses. The number of guanaco deaths differed among sex and age classes, particularly in juveniles (< 1 year of age), which died more often than expected (P < 0.001). Fresh guanaco carcasses (n= 19) killed by mountain lions were located in tree and shrub habitats 79% of the time and were significantly greater than expected values based on the relative availability of these habitats (P < 0.001). Observations of the spatial distribution of mountain lion kills and guanaco mixed‐sex groups were similar (P= 0.10), suggesting that mountain lions responded to winter migratory movements made by guanacos. Overall, adult guanacos experienced surprisingly lower levels of mortality (adult male = 1%, adult female = 2%) than expected, despite the severe winter conditions, while juveniles experienced higher levels of mortality (13%) than expected. In comparison to other years (1991–96), the severe winter of 1995 (i.e. this investigation) had the greatest total mortality for juveniles, although the proportion of deaths caused by mountain lion predation for juveniles was greatest during other winters.
Home‐range use by white‐nosed coatis (Nasua narica): limited water and a test of the resource dispersion hypothesis
Authors: Valenzuela D. , Macdonald D. W. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe resource dispersion hypothesis (RDH) proposes that in a spatially and temporally heterogeneous environment the territory size of social carnivores increases as the dispersion of limited resources is more widely spaced, whereas group size is limited, independently, by the richness or abundance of those resources or key habitats. To assess if white‐nosed coatis Nasua narica behave in accordance with the RDH, the relationship between home‐range size and spatio‐temporal availability of resources in Mexican tropical dry forests with marked seasonal rainfall was examined. Specifically, home‐range sizes were compared at two study sites that were broadly similar but contrasting in resource abundance and dispersion. Home‐range estimates for seven white‐nosed coati bands varied between 45 and 362 ha. Home‐range size did not correlate with food resource abundance and was better explained by the dispersion of water sources during the dry season. Average home‐range size was three times greater at the site where water sources were more widely separated during the dry season. These results are in accordance with the predictions of the RDH, and provide an example where the critical resource determining range size and configuration is water.
Genomic Evidence for COP1 as a Repressor of Light-Regulated Gene Expression and Development in Arabidopsis[W]
Authors: Ma Ligeng , Gao Ying , Qu Lijia , Chen Zhangliang , Li Jinming , Zhao Hongyu , Deng Xing Wang 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMicroarray gene expression profiling was used to examine the role of COP1 in the light control of Arabidopsis genome expression. Qualitatively similar gene expression profiles were observed between wild-type seedlings grown in white light and multiple cop1 mutant alleles grown in the dark. Furthermore, overexpression of the dominant-negative-acting N terminus of COP1 (N282) in darkness produced a genome expression profile similar to those produced by white light and the cop1 mutations. Different cop1 mutant alleles, N282, and light treatment also resulted in distinct expression profiles in a small fraction of the genes examined. In the light, the genome expression of cop1 mutations displayed an exaggerated light response. COP1-regulated genes in the dark were estimated to account for &gt;20% of the genome. Analysis of these COP1-regulated genes revealed that &gt;28 cellular pathways are coordinately but antagonistically regulated by light and COP1. Interestingly, the gene expression regulation attributable to HY5 in the light is included largely within those genes regulated by COP1 in the dark. Thus, this genomic study supports the hypothesis that COP1 acts as a repressor of photomorphogenesis, possibly by controlling the degradation of transcription factors and their target gene expression. The majority of light-controlled genome expression could be accounted for by the negative regulation of COP1 activity.
A linear-time scheme for version reconstruction
Authors: Yu Lin , Rosenkrantz Daniel J. 
Published: October 2002

An efficient scheme to store and reconstruct versions of sequential files is presented. The reconstruction scheme involves building a data structure representing a complete version, and then successively modifying this data structure by applying a sequence of specially formatted differential files to it. Each application of a differential file produces a representation of an intermediate version, with the final data structure representing the requested version.
The scheme uses a linked list to represent an intermediate version, instead of a sequential array, as is used traditionally. A new format for differential files specifying changes to this linked list data structure is presented. The specification of each change points directly to where the change is to take place, thereby obviating a search. Algorithms are presented for using such a new format differential file to transform the representation of a version, and for reconstructing a requested version. Algorithms are also presented for generating the new format differential files, both for the case of a forward differential specifying how to transform the representation of an old version to the representation of a new version, and for the case of a reverse differential specifying how to transform the representation of a new version to the representation of an old version.
The new version reconstruction scheme takes time linear in the sum of the size of the initial complete version and the sizes of the file differences involved in reconstructing the requested version. In contrast, the classical scheme for reconstructing versions takes time proportional to the sum of the sizes of the sequence of versions involved in the reconstruction, and therefore has a worst-case time that is quadratic in the sum of the size of the initial complete version and the sizes of the file differences. The time cost of the new differential file generation scheme is comparable to the time cost of the classical differential file generation scheme.
Transforming acyclic programs
Authors: Bossi Annalisa , Etalle Sandro 
Published: October 2002

An unfold/fold transformation system is a source-to-source rewriting methodology devised to improve the efficiency of a program. Any such transformation should preserve the main properties of the initial program: among them, termination. In the field of logic programming, the class of acyclic programs plays an important role in this respect, since it is closely related to the one of terminating programs. The two classes coincide when negation is not allowed in the bodies of the clauses.
We prove that the Unfold/Fold transformation system defined by Tamaki and Sato preserves the acyclicity of the initial program. From this result, it follows that when the transformation is applied to an acyclic program, then the finite failure set for definite programs is preserved; in the case of normal programs, all major declarative and operational semantics are preserved as well. These results cannot be extended to the class of left-terminating programs without modifying the definition of the transformation.
Managing Reentrant Structures Using Reference Counts
Authors: Bobrow Daniel G. 
Published: October 2002

Automatic storage management requires that one identify storage unreachable by a user's program and return it to free status. One technique maintains a count of the references from user's programs to each cell, since a count of zero implies the storage is unreachable. Reentrant structures are self-referencing; hence no cell in them will have a count of zero, even though the entire structure is unreachable. A modification of standard reference counting can be used to manaage the deallocation of a large class of frequently used reentrant structures, including two-way and circularly linked lists.
All the cells of a potentially reentrant structure are considered as part of a single group for deallocation purposes. Information associated with each cell specifies its group membership. Internal references (pointers from one cell of the group to another) are not reference counted. External references to any cell of this group are counted as references to the group as a whole. When the external reference count goes to zero, all the cells of the group can be deallocated. This paper describes several ways of specifying group membership, properties of each implementation, and properties of mutable and immutable group membership.