bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advanced oxidation of cork‐processing wastewater using Fenton's reagent: kinetics and stoichiometry
Authors: Heredia Jesús Beltrán de , Domínguez Joaquín R , López Raquel 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThis work evaluates Fenton oxidation for the removal of organic matter (COD) from cork‐processing wastewater. The experimental variables studied were the dosages of iron salts and hydrogen peroxide. The COD removal ranged from 17% to 79%, depending on the reagent dose, and the stoichiometric reaction coefficient varied from 0.08 to 0.43 g COD (g H2O2)−1 (which implies an efficiency in the use of hydrogen peroxide varying from 17% to 92%). In a study of the process kinetics, based on the initial rates method, the COD elimination rate was maximum when the molar ratio [H2O2]o:[Fe2+]o was equal to 10. Under these experimental conditions, the initial oxidation rate was 50.5 mg COD dm−3 s−1 with a rate of consumption of hydrogen peroxide of 140 mg H2O2 dm−3 s−1, implying an efficiency in the use of the hydrogen peroxide at the initial time of 77%. The total amount of organic matter removed by Fenton oxidation was increased by spreading the H2O2 and ferrous salt reagent over several fractions by 15% for two‐fractions and by 21% for three‐fractions. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Glucose fermentation in the presence of linoleic, oleic and stearic acids by a mixed culture
Authors: Alosta H , Lalman JA , Jing D , Bellmer D 
Published: March 2004

AbstractLong Chain Fatty Acid (LCFA) mixtures containing linoleic, oleic and stearic acids plus carbohydrates are found in a variety of effluents arising from fried food manufacture and milk processing. Accumulation of Volatile Fatty acids (VFAs) due to the presence of LCFAs may impair the operation of an anaerobic system treating effluents containing a mixture of triglycerides and carbohydrates. In this study, the effects of linoleic (C18:2), oleic (C18:1), and stearic (C18:0) acids on glucose fermentation were investigated at 21 °C using a culture acclimated to glucose. In cultures receiving ≥300 mg dm−3 LCFAs, residual amounts of glucose remained after approximately 8 h and none was detected after 24 h. Acetate degradation was inhibited in the presence of 300 or more mg dm−3 linoleic acid (LA), oleic acid (OA), or stearic acid (SA) with more acetate accumulation observed in cultures receiving LA. In comparison to the controls, similar amounts of propionate accumulation were observed in cultures receiving ≤100 mg dm−3 of each LCFA. However, in cultures receiving ≥300 mg dm−3 LCFAs, more propionate accumulated with complete removal observed within 20 days for only those cultures receiving oleic or stearic acids. Butyrate accumulation was observed only in cultures receiving ≥300 mg dm−3 LA and none was detected after 10 days of incubation. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Optimization of the technological parameters of epoxidation of allyl alcohol by hydrogen peroxide over Ti–BETA catalyst
Authors: Wróblewska Agnieszka , Rzepkowska Monika , Milchert Eugeniusz 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe influence of the technological parameters on the epoxidation of allyl alcohol by a 30 wt% hydrogen peroxide in the medium of methanol over the Ti–BETA catalyst in the direction of glycidol has been presented. The experimental conditions were established on the basis of preliminary experiments and through the applications of statistical experimental design methods (rotatable uniform design). The results of the particular experiments were described by the following functions: the yield of glycidol in relation to allyl alcohol introduced into the reactor, the selectivity of transformation to glycidol in relation to allyl alcohol and hydrogen peroxide reacted, and the degree of conversion of allyl alcohol and H2O2. The optimal values of each function were established. The courses of functions corresponding to the parameters were plotted in the system of two variable parameters. The optimum parameters of the epoxidation process were established after the analysis of the layer drawings. The obtained results were confirmed by a series of verifying syntheses. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Recovery and recycle of tannins in the leather industry by nanofiltration membranes
Authors: Molinari R , Buonomenna MG , Cassano A , Drioli E 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe aim of this work was the study of the application of membrane concentration to exhausted tanning baths from vegetable tannage operations in order to increase the tannin/non‐tannin (T/NT) ratio and obtain recyclable material. For this purpose four samples of tanning baths at different T/NT ratios (from 0.7 to 1.4) were processed using six different types of membranes which ranged from reverse osmosis (RO) to nanofiltration (NF). The membrane module Fluid Systems TFC S 2540 gave the best results in terms of permeate flux and also in terms of increased T/NT ratio in the retentate (from 1.4 to 1.7). In order to compare the permeate flux reduction with time (Jt) for the different modules, the osmotic pressure differences (Δπ) between permeate and retentate were estimated by electrical conductivity measures. The fouling phenomena for the different membranes in the processing of each sample were evaluated by comparing the pressures required to obtain the same VRF (volume reduction factor), NPF (normalized permeate flux) and membrane performances with tap water before and after tannin concentration. The retention of tannins, which are polyphenols capable of significant hydrogen bonding, was found to be governed by the chemistry of the interactions between their complexes and the polyamide membrane material. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Improved chitin production by pretreatment of shrimp shells
Authors: Aye Kyaw Nyein , Stevens Willem F 
Published: March 2004

AbstractPretreatment of shrimp shells was investigated in order to lower the costs and to improve the sustainability of chitin production. Physical pretreatment comprising drying, grinding and sieving is attractive for the recovery of 50% of shrimp protein as a dry powder. Pretreatment of shells by shearing in acidified water results in the removal of up to 60% of the protein and a reduction of their mineral content without a decrease in the chitin yield. Both pretreatment procedures will lead to cleaner technology for chitin production, to a considerably lower need for chemicals, to useful protein by‐products, and to less‐contaminated industrial effluent. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparison of the cold hardiness capacities of the oviparous and viviparous forms of Lacerta vivipara
Authors: Voituron Yann , Heulin Benoit , Surget‐Groba Yann 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe lizard Lacerta vivipara has allopatric oviparous and viviparous populations. The cold hardiness strategy of L. vivipara has previously been studied in viviparous populations, but never in oviparous ones. The present study reveals that both the oviparous and viviparous individuals of this species are able to survive in a supercooled state at −3°C for at least one week when kept on dry substrates. The mean crystallisation temperatures of the body, around −4°C on dry substrata and −2°C on wet substrata, do not differ between oviparous and viviparous individuals. All the individuals are able to tolerate up to 48–50% of their body fluid converted into ice, but only viviparous individuals were able to stabilize their body ice content at 48%, and hence were able to survive even when frozen at −3°C for times of up 24 hours. Ice contents higher than 51% have been constantly found lethal for oviparous individuals. This suggests that, in L. vivipara, the evolution towards a higher degree of freezing tolerance could parallel the evolution of the viviparous reproductive mode, a feature believed to be strongly selected under cold climatic conditions. This is the first report, among reptiles, of an intraspecific variation regarding the freeze tolerance capacities. J. Exp. Zool. 301A:367–373, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A convenient synthesis of 14C‐labelled resveratrol
Authors: Zeng Dongli , Mi Qixi , Sun Hongfang , Wang Haifang 
Published: March 2004

AbstractResveratrol (trans‐3,4′,5‐trihydroxystilbene) is a naturally occurring phytoalexin and polyphenol existing in grapes and various plants. It shows remarkable beneficial bioactivities in the prevention of cancer, inflammation and platelet aggregation, etc. This paper reports the synthesis of [β‐14C]‐trans‐resveratrol using 14C‐formic acid (exchanged with sodium 14C‐formate) and 3,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid as the starting materials. [14C‐formyl]‐4‐methoxybenzaldehyde and diethyl 3,5‐dimethoxy benzylphosphonate reacted following the Wittig–Horner reaction to give trans‐3,4′,5‐[β‐14C]‐trimethoxystilbene. The final product was obtained through the demethylation of trans‐3,4′,5‐[β‐14C]‐trimethoxystilbene and identified by TLC and UV spectroscopy. Adoption of the whole procedure provided 14C‐resveratrol with a specific radioactivity of 40.8 µCi/mmol, chemical yield of 15.3% and radiochemical yield of 12.5%. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of 3H‐ and 14C‐labeled AR‐A000002, a new and selective 5‐HT1B/1D ligand
Authors: Werner Tom , Berg Stefan , Johansson Rolf 
Published: March 2004

AbstractAR‐A000002 is a novel and selective high‐affinity 5‐HT1B/1D receptor antagonist. The compound has been shown to enhance 5‐HT turnover in the guinea pig brain in vivo and to increase the extracellular concentration of 5‐HT and the metabolite 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5‐HIAA) in guinea pig frontal cortex. The observed effects suggest that the compound could be used for the treatment of affective disorders.The syntheses of labeled AR‐A000002 analogues as needed for the further pharmacological evaluation of this selective 5‐HT1B/1D antagonist, are described. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation, analysis and biodistribution in mice of iodine‐123 labelled derivatives of hypericin
Authors: Bormans Guy , Huyghe Dieter , Christiaen Annemie , Verbeke Kristin , de Groot Tjibbe , Vanbilloen Hubert , de Witte Peter , Verbruggen Alfons 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe synthesis of iodine‐123 labelled mono‐ and di‐iodo derivatives of hypericin, an hydroxylated phenanthroperylenequinone which is used for photodynamic therapy and has been shown to accumulate in several tumour types, is reported. Labelling was performed by electrophilic substitution on hypericin or iodohypericin with [123I]iodide in the presence of peracetic acid and provided both mono‐[123I]iodohypericin and di‐[123I]iodohypericin in good radiochemical yields (>80%). Mono‐[123I]iodohypericin was obtained with a high specific activity (925 GBq/μmol) whereas di‐[123I]iodohypericin was obtained in low specific activity (4 GBq/μmol) due to deiodination and subsequent iodination of iodohypericin which occurred during the labelling reaction. Biodistribution studies in mice showed a slow blood clearance and extensive hepatobiliary clearance as well as faecal excretion for both compounds. They will be further evaluated with regard to their tumor seeking properties. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitation of group A rotavirus by real‐time reverse‐transcription‐polymerase chain reaction: Correlation with clinical severity in children in South India
Authors: Kang Gagandeep , Iturriza‐Gomara Miren , Wheeler Jeremy G. , Crystal Premila , Monica Bindhu , Ramani Sasirekha , Primrose Beryl , Moses Prabhakar D. , Gallimore Chris I. , Brown David W. , Gray Jim 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe epidemiology and pathogenesis of rotaviruses are not completely understood, although recent developments in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques now make it possible to quantify the viral load during an infective episode and investigate its relevance to clinical features of the disease. We studied rotavirus‐positive stool samples collected from 10 children without symptoms of gastroenteritis and from 81 children with acute gastroenteritis and in whom the clinical severity of disease was recorded. A semi‐quantitative real‐time reverse‐transcription (RT)‐PCR was used to estimate the rotavirus load and to assess its correlation with the Vesikari score for severity of diarrhoea. There was a significant negative correlation (r = −0.80, P < 0.001) between severity and the PCR cycle at which the PCR amplicons were detectable (crossing point) on the assay, indicating that children with more severe diarrhoea excrete more virus than children with less severe disease. J. Med. Virol. 73:118–122, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Severe acute exacerbation of liver disease may reduce or delay emergence of YMDD motif mutants in long‐term lamivudine therapy for hepatitis B e antigen‐positive chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Tsubota Akihito , Arase Yasuji , Suzuki Fumitaka , Kobayashi Mariko , Matsuda Marie , Sato Junko , Suzuki Yoshiyuki , Akuta Norio , Sezaki Hitomi , Hosaka Tetsuya , Someya Takashi , Kobayashi Masahiro , Saitoh Satoshi , Ikeda Kenji , Kumada Hiromitsu 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe pretherapy factors that could influence the emergence of resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV) tyrosine‐methionine‐aspartate‐aspartate (YMDD) motif mutants against lamivudine are not fully known in prolonged lamivudine therapy for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)‐positive chronic hepatitis B. We analyzed prospectively 116 consecutive lamivudine‐naïve patients who received long‐term lamivudine therapy (>1 year) by using multivariate regression analyses. The cumulative HBeAg loss rates were 29, 44, and 47% at 1, 2, and 3 years of treatment, respectively. Stepwise Cox's regression analyses indicated that pretherapy viral load was a significant factor associated with HBeAg loss (P = 0.0068). The cumulative emergence rates of YMDD mutants were 23% at 1 year, 45% at 2 year, and 47% at 3 year of treatment. Stepwise Cox's regression analyses indicated that patient age and presence or absence of severe acute exacerbation of liver disease were independent significant factors associated with emergence of YMDD mutants (P = 0.018 and 0.048, respectively). For the development of virological breakthrough, patient age, the presence or absence of severe acute exacerbation, and pretherapy viral load were independent significant factors (P = 0.028, 0.043, and 0.044, respectively). Severe acute exacerbation tended to reduce or delay development of biochemical breakthrough. The present study provides important information for the development of more effective and rational long‐term lamivudine therapy for HBeAg‐positive chronic hepatitis B patients infected exclusively with genotype C. J. Med. Virol. 73:7–12, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diversity and origin of hepatitis B virus in Dutch blood donors
Authors: Koppelman M.H.G.M. , Zaaijer H.L. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractTwo considerations led us to study the genetic diversity and origin of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Dutch blood donors. Firstly, an HBV‐infected Dutch blood donor was found negative by four assays used commonly for detection of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg). How variable is HBsAg among HBV infected blood donors? Secondly, the WHO recommends universal vaccination against HBV, but north‐west European countries limit vaccination to groups at risk of HBV. This policy may reduce hepatitis B among low‐risk, unvaccinated persons if HBV strains that infect low‐risk persons stem from local at‐risk groups. Studying the nucleotide sequence of the S‐gene of HBV from 63 Dutch blood donors, considerable variation was found. The majority of the donor strains (52/63, 83%) appears closely related to local HBV isolates as present in intravenous drug users, immigrants, and homosexual men. The remaining 11 (17%) HBV strains belong to various non‐Western genotypes. This implies that an indigenous Dutch HBV strain (heterosexually transmitted, not associated with intravenous drug abuse, or immigrants) does not exist, and it supports the policy in low endemic countries to limit vaccination to at‐risk groups. On the other hand, it must be realised that, after 20 years of vaccination of at‐risk groups, HBV still circulates in the at‐risk groups and Dutch blood donors acquire the HBV strains involved. J. Med. Virol. 73:29–32, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis E virus among apparently healthy humans and pigs in Bali, Indonesia: Identification of a pig infected with a genotype 4 hepatitis E virus
Authors: Wibawa I. Dewa Nyoman , Muljono David H. , Mulyanto  , Suryadarma I.G.A. , Tsuda Fumio , Takahashi Masaharu , Nishizawa Tsutomu , Okamoto Hiroaki 
Published: March 2004

AbstractIn Indonesia where hepatitis E virus (HEV) is believed to be highly endemic, only three outbreaks of HEV transmission have been documented to date in restricted areas (West Kalimantan and East Java). A total of 1,115 serum samples collected from apparently healthy individuals in Bali, Lombok, and Surabaya in Indonesia in 1996 where epidemic HEV transmissions have never been reported, were tested for IgG class antibodies to HEV (anti‐HEV). In Bali, anti‐HEV was detected in 20% (54/276) of the tested population, in remarkable contrast with 4% (17/446) in Lombok and 0.5% (2/393) in Surabaya. On the other hand, antibodies to hepatitis A virus were highly prevalent in all three regions (95% in Bali, 90% in Lombok, and 89% in Surabaya). Although the majority of the population in Indonesia is Moslem, Balinese people are mostly Hindu and have a habit of consuming pork. Therefore, serum samples were obtained from the 99 farm pigs in Bali and tested for anti‐HEV and HEV RNA. The sera from 71 pigs (72%) were positive for anti‐HEV and a 2‐month‐old pig had detectable HEV RNA. The swine HEV isolate recovered from the viremic pig was named SB66‐Bali. The SB66‐Bali isolate was most closely related to the genotype 4 isolates from China, India, Japan, and Taiwan, but shared only 82.6–90.0% identity in the common 241–412 nucleotides within open reading frame 2 (ORF2). These results indicate that a presumably indigenous HEV strain(s) is circulating in Bali, Indonesia and that HEV infection may occur via zoonosis even in developing countries. J. Med. Virol. 73:38–44, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytomegalovirus infection after orthotopic liver transplantation is restricted by a pre‐existing antiviral immune response of the recipient
Authors: Bissinger A.L. , Oettle H. , Jahn G. , Neuhaus P. , Sinzger C. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractInfection of the liver by the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) frequently occurs after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). However, the role of viral replication and the inflammatory reaction in the development of HCMV‐associated liver dysfunction is unclear. To address this question in vivo, 84 liver biopsy specimens from 74 patients who received an orthotopic liver transplant were investigated by immunohistochemical detection of viral antigens and cell type specific marker proteins. The extent of viral replication was correlated with the HCMV antibody status of donor and recipient. HCMV immediate early antigens were found in 25 of 84 liver tissue sections investigated, hepatocytes being the predominant target cells. Bile duct epithelial cells, endothelial cells, mesenchymal cells and sinusoidal lining cells were also found susceptible to HCMV infection. The detection of viral capsid antigens, nuclear inclusions in infected cells and foci of infected cells were suggestive of permissive infection in these cells. In 25 HCMV‐positive liver biopsy specimens, the median extent of HCMV infection was 0.33 (0.02–5.67) infected cells/mm2 liver tissue. Primary infection of liver transplant recipients (D+/R−) was associated with a significantly higher extent of organ involvement as compared to reinfection or reactivation (D+/R+). In contrast, the extent of inflammatory infiltrates in areas of infected liver cells was higher in tissues of patients with pre‐existing immunoreactivity (R+) compared to patients without pre‐existing immunoreactivity (R−). In conclusion, these results favour the assumption that the immune response to HCMV is effective in restricting viral spread in the liver. J. Med. Virol. 73:45–53, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human papillomavirus type specific DNA and RNA persistence—implications for cervical disease progression and monitoring
Authors: Cuschieri Kate S. , Whitley M.J. , Cubie Heather A. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractIn 2000, we monitored the course and persistence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in 54 women who were HPV positive and free of any cytological disease using HPV‐DNA genotyping with a linear array assay (baseline). The impact of HPV infection on development of cervical cytological abnormality (dyskaryosis) was monitored by repeat HPV genotyping and cytological assessment 2 years later. Detection of mRNA transcripts of known HPV oncogenes E6 and E7 using NASBA methodology and specific molecular beacons for five common HPV types was also performed at both time points. A total of 11/54 (20%) women developed dyskaryosis after 2 years with 31/54 and 23/54 women exhibiting transient and persistent infections respectively, as monitored by DNA genotyping. Women who maintained type‐specific persistent HPV infection were significantly more likely to develop dyskaryosis compared to those who exhibited a transient infection (P = 0.001). The presence of HPV mRNA E6/E7 transcripts was less sensitive but more specific for the detection of disease at follow up. Moreover, women who were DNA positive and also positive for mRNA transcripts at baseline were significantly more likely to harbour persistent infection compared to those in whom DNA only was detected at baseline (P = 0.013). This study highlights the importance of detecting persistent type specific HPV infection to identify those women more at risk of developing cervical abnormalities, either by repeated DNA genotyping, or potentially by RNA based techniques that may be more predictive of persistent infection if performed at a single time point. J. Med. Virol. 73:65–70, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phylogenetic analysis of clinical mumps virus isolates from vaccinated and non‐vaccinated patients with mumps during an outbreak, Switzerland 1998–2000
Authors: Utz Silvia , Richard Jean‐Luc , Capaul Selja , Matter Hans C. , Hrisoho Meri Gorgievski , Mühlemann Kathrin 
Published: March 2004

AbstractDuring the past decade mumps outbreaks have occurred in several European countries with universal vaccination programs probably due to poor efficacy of the Rubini vaccine strain. However, the evolution of vaccine escape mutants has also been considered. A phylogenetic analysis was undertaken on 69 clinical mumps isolates obtained from 39 vaccinated and 22 non‐vaccinated mumps cases (and six cases with unknown vaccination status) during an outbreak in 1998–2000. Two major strain clusters (SWI‐H, SWI‐C) with two subgroups each (SWI‐H1/2, SWI‐C1/2) were identified, which belonged to genotypes C and H. No association between viral clusters and vaccination status or a specific vaccine strain (Jeryl‐Lynn or Rubini) was found. Cluster SWI‐C1 occurred more frequently in the Western part of Switzerland (P < 0.001). Isolates causing complicated disease tended to cluster more frequently with SWI‐H1 (P = 0.11). Wild‐type strains homologous or similar to the Rubini vaccine strain (isolated in Switzerland in 1974) were no longer circulating. Therefore, there was no evidence for vaccine escape mutants. Strain redistribution may have occurred during the past decades. Continuous monitoring of circulating mumps virus populations is needed. J. Med. Virol. 73:91–96, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.