bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracing the evolution of cyber resilience: a historical and conceptual review
Authors: Tzavara Vasiliki , Vassiliadis Savvas 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn 2000, during a time when cyber security research was focused on the risks and threats posed by digital systems, the notion of being able to withstand and recover from cyber attacks, also known as cyber resilience, emerged. Recently, this concept has gained increasing attention due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the rapid acceleration of digitalization. While experts acknowledge the distinction between cyber security and cyber resilience, the exact definition and evolution of the latter remain somewhat ambiguous. The aim of this paper is to offer a thorough comprehension of how the notion of cyber resilience has developed throughout history. It delves into the concept of cyber resilience and its progression over time in response to the rising frequency and complexity of cyber threats. Cyber resilience, a new concept, has gained significant recognition as a critical component of cyber security strategy across diverse sectors, encompassing public and private domains alike. It begins with an overview of the definition and key components of cyber resilience and then traces the origin of the concept from its early development in the 2000s. The paper also explores the major milestones and events that have shaped the evolution of this capacity, including changes in technology and societal factors, up to the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. This study provides valuable insights into future challenges for ensuring the continued resilience of digital infrastructure by examining the historical and contextual factors that have influenced the concept.
A framework for embedded software portability and verification: from formal models to low-level code
Authors: Martins Gomes Renata , Aichernig Bernhard , Baunach Marcel 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPorting software to new target architectures is a common challenge, particularly when dealing with low-level functionality in drivers or OS kernels that interact directly with hardware. Traditionally, adapting code for different hardware platforms has been a manual and error-prone process. However, with the growing demand for dependability and the increasing hardware diversity in systems like the IoT, new software development approaches are essential. This includes rigorous methods for verifying and automatically porting Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS) to various devices. Our framework addresses this challenge through formal methods and code generation for embedded RTOS. We demonstrate a hardware-specific part of a kernel model in Event-B, ensuring correctness according to the specification. Since hardware details are only added in late modeling stages, we can reuse most of the model and proofs for multiple targets. In a proof of concept, we refine the generic model for two different architectures, also ensuring safety and liveness properties. We then showcase automatic low-level code generation from the model. Finally, a hardware-independent factorial function model illustrates more potential of our approach.
Panic consumption under public health emergencies: The mediating role of risk perception
Authors: Peng Shao , Hadžić Bakir , Danner Michael , Rätsch Matthias 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Aim
The primary objective of this study was to examine and explain the public panic consumption model based on the stimulus–organism–response theory, during the peak time period of the COVID-19 pandemic in China.

Subject and methods
The research data were collected through the questionnaires adapted for the purpose of this survey, which included a total of 408 participants (33% female) from the global population. The stepwise regression analysis has been conducted.

Results
The results have shown that both physical social networks and online social networks have a significant positive impact on infection risk perception, but the impact of physical social networks has proved to be a better predictor. Infection information obtained from physical social networks affects conformity buying and uncontrolled self-medication if the perceived risk perception is higher. When it comes to the impact of risk perception on conformity buying, health change has a significant negative regulatory effect. In the impact of risk perception on the uncontrolled self-medication, health change has no significant regulatory effect.

Conclusions
During the recent epidemic states, it is noticeable that public panic consumption has aggravated the difficulty of emergency management. Especially when it comes to the management of medical materials and medicines. In order to tackle this challenge in the future, the trigger mechanisms behind panic consumption are revealed.
Chance-constrained stochastic assembly line balancing with branch, bound and remember algorithm
Authors: Li Zixiang , Sikora Celso Gustavo Stall , Kucukkoc Ibrahim 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAssembly lines are widely used mass production techniques applied in various industries from electronics to automotive and aerospace. A branch, bound, and remember (BBR) algorithm is presented in this research to tackle the chance-constrained stochastic assembly line balancing problem (ALBP). In this problem variation, the processing times are stochastic, while the cycle time must be respected for a given probability. The proposed BBR method stores all the searched partial solutions in memory and utilizes the cyclic best-first search strategy to quickly achieve high-quality complete solutions. Meanwhile, this study also develops several new lower bounds and dominance rules by taking the stochastic task times into account. To evaluate the performance of the developed method, a large set of 1614 instances is generated and solved. The performance of the BBR algorithm is compared with two mixed-integer programming models and twenty re-implemented heuristics and metaheuristics, including the well-known genetic algorithm, ant colony optimization algorithm and simulated annealing algorithm. The comparative study demonstrates that the mathematical models cannot achieve high-quality solutions when solving large-size instances, for which the BBR algorithm shows clear superiority over the mathematical models. The developed BBR outperforms all the compared heuristic and metaheuristic methods and is the new state-of-the-art methodology for the stochastic ALBP.
A deep clustering-based state-space model for improved disease risk prediction in personalized healthcare
Authors: Niu Shuai , Ma Jing , Yin Qing , Bai Liang , Li Chen , Yang Xian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDecision support systems are being developed to assist clinicians in complex decision-making processes by leveraging information from clinical knowledge and electronic health records (EHRs). One typical application is disease risk prediction, which can be challenging due to the complexity of modelling longitudinal EHR data, including unstructured medical notes. To address this challenge, we propose a deep state-space model (DSSM) that simulates the patient’s state transition process and formally integrates latent states with risk observations. A typical DSSM consists of three parts: a prior module that generates the distribution of the current latent state based on previous states; a posterior module that approximates the latent states using up-to-date medical notes; and a likelihood module that predicts disease risks using latent states. To efficiently and effectively encode raw medical notes, our posterior module uses an attentive encoder to better extract information from unstructured high-dimensional medical notes. Additionally, we couple a predictive clustering algorithm into our DSSM to learn clinically useful representations of patients’ latent states. The latent states are clustered into multiple groups, and the weighted average of the cluster centres is used for prediction. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our deep clustering-based state-space model using two real-world EHR datasets, showing that it not only generates better risk prediction results than other baseline methods but also clusters similar patient health states into groups.
Combining cognition and context: entrepreneurial alertness and the microfoundations of entrepreneurial ecosystems
Authors: Roundy Philip T. , Im Subin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEntrepreneurial alertness (EA) research has made substantial progress in identifying the psychological and organizational antecedents and consequences of EA. However, the interactions between environmental factors and EA are understudied and it is unclear how alertness influences and is shaped by entrepreneurs’ local ecosystems. In this “perspectives” essay, we contend that EA and entrepreneurial ecosystems research could be enriched by greater cross-fertilization. We respond to calls for more focus on the microfoundations of entrepreneurship by exploring the opportunities in research at the interface of EA and entrepreneurial ecosystems. We develop a multi-level framework to explain how EA is not only influenced by entrepreneurial ecosystems but can collectively influence the system-level functioning and leadership of ecosystems. Our framework clarifies how EA is shaped by the social, cultural, and material attributes of ecosystems and, in turn, how EA influences ecosystem attributes (diversity and coherence) and outcomes (resilience and coordination). We explain why it is critical to treat the environment as more than simply a moderating influence on the effects of EA and why it is fruitful for entrepreneurship research to develop a fuller picture of EA’s contextual determinants and outcomes. We conclude by proposing a research agenda that explores the interplay between EA and entrepreneurial ecosystems.
What makes a change agent in environmental conflict transformation? Evidence from rural France
Authors: Calla Simon , Lécuyer Lou , Butler James R. A. , Young Juliette C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTransformation of agriculture towards increased sustainability is needed to meet the challenge of declining biodiversity. Nevertheless, stakeholders’ differing perceptions of what sustainability should be, and the multiplicity of possible ways to achieve it can lead to conflictual situations, highlighting the importance of conflict transformation as part of the broader sustainability transformation. If conflict transformation needs to be addressed to prevent the status quo persisting, such processes also reveal the state of social relations and allow us to analyze how collective actions could lead to broader transformations. Using three case studies involving conflicts around pesticide use in the region Bourgogne Franche-Comté (France), we investigate the hypothesis that transformation processes require the engagement of change agents who are motivated and able to overcome barriers to change. Results from 55 in-depth interviews with stakeholders highlight that transformational change depends less on the capacities of a single individual, and more on the mobilization of a plurality of heterogeneous actors (especially farmers, local authorities, and the general public). These actors need to carry out a range of activities that occur with and for others and have an influence on others. According to interviewees, the actors need to engage others, encourage new initiatives, create spaces for knowledge exchanges, and go beyond boundaries. The effectiveness of change agents also depends on the existence of participatory and proactive processes to bring individuals together to create or capitalize on windows of opportunity.
Acute toxicity tests of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber using Daphnia magna and Oryzias latipes
Authors: Tai Rie , Ogura Isamu , Okazaki Toshiya , Iizumi Yoko , Mano Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEcotoxicity data on cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) are limited despite their wide application prospects. Herein, acute toxicity tests of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO)-oxidized CNFs to Daphnia magna and Oryzias latipes were conducted according to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development test guidelines, which consider CNF dispersibility during the test. To select a suitable test medium, the interaction between the medium components and CNFs was first evaluated using five test media with different ion concentrations. The viscosity, zeta potential, and concentration uniformity of TEMPO-CNFs changed with increasing ionic concentration. The toxicity test results showed no acute toxicity of TEMPO-CNFs to the two species, even at the highest exposure concentrations in this study. Both the median effective concentration (EC50) and median lethal concentration (LC50) were >100 mg/L. In most cases, the measured CNF concentrations were within 20% of the nominal concentrations and remained largely constant. However, in the D. magna acute toxicity test, the concentration uniformity of TEMPO-CNFs tended to decrease when the CNF concentration was low. Our results demonstrate the importance of measuring CNF concentrations during testing and revealed that the ion concentrations in the test solution changed because of the interaction between the medium components and TEMPO-CNFs. This finding demonstrates the importance of examining the components of the medium to avoid mistaking the effects of depleted medium components for the direct effects of TEMPO-CNFs on aquatic organisms.
A Heritage Without Boundaries: Nature-Culture Synergies in and around Norwegian Protected Landscapes
Authors: Bele Bolette , Nielsen Véronique Karine Simon , Fairclough Graham , Herring Peter 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe address the question of nature-culture synergies in protected mountain landscapes with a specific focus on the Norwegian National Park of Hardangervidda. Fragile and complex ecosystems developed from long-lasting socio-ecological grazing processes that started approximately 4000 years ago in Scandinavia are facing manifold environmental challenges and societal issues that endanger both natural and cultural heritages. Our goals are to clarify the nature-culture synergies and relationships and investigate holistic management and preservation of natural and cultural values. Our results highlight an urgent need to develop holistic conservation frameworks and methodologies for protected landscapes that integrate cultural and natural heritages and enhance the potential of local communities to protect threatened semi-natural environments and experienced-based knowledge for the future.
Overlooked and misunderstood: how urban community gardeners perceive social wasps and their ecosystem functions
Authors: Schmack Julia M. , Egerer Monika , Karlebowski Susan , Neumann Astrid E. , Sturm Ulrike 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDespite their importance for agricultural food production, many insects receive little to no positive attention. While bees have become the focus of insect conservation in agricultural landscapes, social wasps still rank among the most disliked animals and their ecological role and the ecosystem services they provide through e.g. pollination and pest control is subsequently understudied. We conducted a survey on the perceptions of social wasps and their ecosystem functions in urban community gardens in Berlin and Munich, Germany. We found that gardeners rated wasps as least beneficial for urban gardens among other insect taxa, and that predation was perceived as a negative function in insects and spiders. Respondent´s emotions were predominantly positive towards bees and negative towards wasps. Trivia questions about wasps revealed that knowledge of wasp ecology was positively associated with respondents´ willingness to share gardens with wasps. Implications for insect conservation: Our results show that urban gardeners´ negative perceptions of social wasps are likely driven by both a lack of knowledge about their ecological functions and a profusion of negative emotions towards wasps. Public outreach and education on the ecological importance of social wasps and other uncharismatic taxa as well as positive encounters with these specieshave the potential to improve their public image and thereby support the conservation of wasps and other insects.
Multi-label oxide classification in float-zone silicon crystal growth using transfer learning and asymmetric loss
Authors: Chen Tingting , Tosello Guido , Calaon Matteo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Float-Zone (FZ) crystal growth process allows for producing higher purity silicon crystal with much lower concentrations of impurities, in particular low oxygen content. Nevertheless, the FZ process occasionally faces the problem of small contamination from oxidation. This can come in the form of a thin oxide layer that may form on un-melted polysilicon surface. The appearance of the oxide layer indicates degraded machine performance and the need for machine maintenance. Therefore, oxide investigation is important for improving both the FZ process and FZ machines, and the first step is oxide recognition. In this study, we characterized oxide into mainly three varieties, according to their surface texture characteristics, which are: (i) spot (ii) shadow and (iii) ghost curtain. We leveraged FZ images captured from the vision system integrated on the FZ machine to establish an oxide dataset. Targeted for data imbalance problem in our dataset, a method based on transfer learning and asymmetric loss for multi-label oxide classification is presented in this work. The results showed that the pre-trained model and the asymmetric loss used for training outperformed the baseline models and improved the classification performance. Furthermore, this study deeply investigated the effectiveness of the components of asymmetric loss. Finally, Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) was employed to explain decision process of the models in order to adopt them in the industry.
Polar form of Dirac fields: implementing symmetries via Lie derivative
Authors: Fabbri Luca , Vignolo Stefano , Cianci Roberto 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe consider the Lie derivative along Killing vector fields of the Dirac relativistic spinors: By using the polar decomposition we acquire the mean to study the implementation of symmetries on Dirac fields. Specifically, we will become able to examine under what conditions it is equivalent to impose a symmetry upon a spinor or only upon its observables. For one physical application, we discuss the role of the above analysis for the specific spherical symmetry, obtaining some no-go theorem regarding spinors and discussing the generality of our approach.
Untangling the commons: three different forms of commonality
Authors: Moroni Stefano 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe term “commons” is used with increasing frequency in the public debate and scientific literature in various fields (including economics and sociology). However, this term is often ambiguous and used to denote quite different things. Obviously, any concept, and therefore also the concept of “commons”, does not have an “essence”. Clear definitions do not serve to capture what something is in itself, but only to rigorously specify what use is made of a given expression. In other words, linguistic precision is not a value in itself, but becomes necessary when misunderstandings can arise – as happens in the case under discussion. This article critically revisits the notion itself of “commons”. It is based on an extensive interdisciplinary literature review. However, the intent is not to provide an overview of the state of the art but to suggest a critical reframing of the discourse. The overall aim is not solely to distinguish different uses of the term; it is also to clarify the real scope and meaning of each definition of it – such as the one proposed by Elinor Ostrom, which is too often inappropriately invoked. As the article demonstrates, Ostrom’s view on many issues perfectly aligns with the Hayekian account of the evolutionary, emerging nature of a significant number of successful institutions and forms of organization.
Instruction influences cross-language transfer of reading skills: evidence from a longitudinal randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kim Young-Suk Grace , Stern Jonathan , Mohohlwane Nompumelelo , Taylor Stephen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Longitudinal data from the Early Grade Reading Study (EGRS I) in South Africa (N = 4538) were used to examine the role of instructional contexts in the relations of literacy skills between children’s home language (L1 Setswana) and a second language (L2 English). All children received literacy instruction in Setswana in Grades 1 to 3. However, children in the treatment condition were provided with explicit and systematic Setswana language instruction in phonological awareness and phonics (n = 1964), whereas those in comparison condition received business-as-usual instruction (n = 2574). Children’s literacy skills were assessed four times: Time 1 in the beginning of Grade 1, Time 2 at the end of Grade 1, Time 3 at the end of Grade 2, and Time 4 at the end of Grade 4. Literacy data in Setswana were collected in all four time points, whereas data in English were collected in Times 3 and 4. Results from confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling showed that L1 Setswana literacy skill strongly predicted concurrent L2 English reading skill across instructional contexts. However, the longitudinal relation from Grade 2 Setswana literacy skill to Grade 4 English reading skill was found only for those in the treatment condition, but not for those in the comparison condition, after accounting for concurrent relations between Setswana and English. These results suggest that instructional contexts in L1 have implications for the nature relations between L1 and L2 literacy skills.
An Analysis of the Effect of Streaming on Civic Participation Through a Causal Hidden Markov Model
Authors: Bartolucci Francesco , Favaro Donata , Pennoni Fulvia , Sciulli Dario 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe examine the effect of streaming based on ability levels on individuals’ civic participation throughout their adult life. The hypothesis we test is that ability grouping influences individuals’ general self-concept and, consequently, their civic participation choices across the life course. We employ data from the British National Child Development Study, which follows all UK citizens born during a certain week in 1958. Six binary variables observed at 33, 42, and 51 years of age are considered to measure civic participation. Our approach defines causal estimands with multiple treatments referring to the evolution of civic engagement over time in terms of potential versions of a sequence of latent variables assumed to follow a Markov chain with initial and transition probabilities depending on posttreatment time-varying covariates. The model also addresses partially or entirely missing data on one or more indicators at a given time occasion and missing posttreatment covariate values using dummy indicators. The model is estimated by maximizing a weighted log-likelihood function with weights corresponding to the inverse probability of the received treatment obtained from a multinomial logit model based on pretreatment covariates. Our results show that ability grouping affects the civic participation of high-ability individuals when they are 33 years old with respect to participation in general elections.