bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The immunometabolic landscape of bone marrow cells in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Shi Yutong , Qi Caiyun , Bai Ying 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn multiple sclerosis (MS), the bone marrow hematopoietic system supplies immune cells to orchestrate central nervous system (CNS) inflammation and autoimmunity. Understanding the metabolic processes within the bone marrow is essential for unraveling the phenotype and function of immune cells. However, a comprehensive exploration of the metabolic landscape and its association with systemic immune response in MS at the single‐cell level has yet to be elucidated. Herein, we conducted an analysis of 70 289 bone marrow cells obtained from seven patients with MS and seven health controls (referenced as HRA001783) to address this question. Our focus was primarily on investigating the metabolic preferences of diverse immune cell populations and delineating their metabolic manifestations in the bone marrow microenvironment of MS. Through our analysis, we observed the activation of carbohydrate and amino acid metabolic pathways in the bone marrow cells of MS patients. Notably, we discovered significant metabolic alterations in cell–cell communication within the plasma cell population in the MS bone marrow. These findings shed light on the complex metabolic landscape within the bone marrow niche during MS and highlight the distinctive metabolic characteristics of plasma cells in this context, which may provoke novel understanding of MS pathogenesis and promote future design of immune therapies.
SMNhaploinsufficiency promotes ischemia/ reperfusion‐inducedAKI‐to‐CKDtransition by endoplasmic reticulum stress activation
Authors: Qian Xiaoqian , Li Jingyang , Bian Shuyang , Zhu Dongdong , Guo Qin , Bian Fan , Jiang Gengru 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are interconnected syndromes that represent a global public health challenge. Here, we identified a specific role of survival of motor neuron (SMN) in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)‐induced kidney injury and progression of CKD. SMN was an essential protein in all cell type and was reported to play important roles in multiple fundamental cellular homeostatic pathways. However, the function of SMN in experimental models of I/R‐induced kidney fibrosis has not extensively studied. Genetic ablation ofSMNor small interfering RNA‐base knockdown of SMN expression aggravated the tubular injury and interstitial fibrosis. Administration of scAAV9‐CB‐SMN or epithelial cell overexpression of SMN reduced I/R‐induced kidney dysfunction and attenuated AKI‐to‐CKD transition, indicating that SMN is vital for the preservation and recovery of tubular phenotype. Our data showed that the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) induced by I/R was persistent and became progressively more severe in the kidney without SMN. On the contrary, overexpression of SMN prevented against I/R‐induced ERS and tubular cell damage. In summary, our data collectively substantiate a critical role of SMN in regulating the ERS activation and phenotype of AKI‐to‐CKD transition that may contribute to renal pathology during injury and repair.
The ketone body β‐hydroxybutyrate shifts microglial metabolism and suppresses amyloid‐β oligomer‐induced inflammation in human microglia
Authors: Jin Lee‐Way , Di Lucente Jacopo , Ruiz Mendiola Ulises , Suthprasertporn Nopparat , Tomilov Alexey , Cortopassi Gino , Kim Kyoungmi , Ramsey Jon J. , Maezawa Izumi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFatty acids are metabolized by β‐oxidation within the “mitochondrial ketogenic pathway” (MKP) to generate β‐hydroxybutyrate (BHB), a ketone body. BHB can be generated by most cells but largely by hepatocytes following exercise, fasting, or ketogenic diet consumption. BHB has been shown to modulate systemic and brain inflammation; however, its direct effects on microglia have been little studied. We investigated the impact of BHB on Aβ oligomer (AβO)‐stimulated human iPS‐derived microglia (hiMG), a model relevant to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). HiMG responded to AβO with proinflammatory activation, which was mitigated by BHB at physiological concentrations of 0.1–2 mM. AβO stimulated glycolytic transcripts, suppressed genes in the β‐oxidation pathway, and induced over‐expression of AD‐relevant p46Shc, an endogenous inhibitor of thiolase, actions that are expected to suppress MKP. AβO also triggered mitochondrial Ca2+ increase, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, and activation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. BHB potently ameliorated all the above mitochondrial changes and rectified the MKP, resulting in reduced inflammasome activation and recovery of the phagocytotic function impaired by AβO. These results indicate that microglia MKP can be induced to modulate microglia immunometabolism, and that BHB can remedy “keto‐deficiency” resulting from MKP suppression and shift microglia away from proinflammatory mitochondrial metabolism. These effects of BHB may contribute to the beneficial effects of ketogenic diet intervention in aged mice and in human subjects with mild AD.
Anterior Tibial Artery Danger Zone During Anterolateral Plate Fixation of the Distal Tibia: A 3D CT Angiogram Modeling Study
Authors: O’Leary Brendan , Mitchell Brendon , Thomas Sean , Onodera Keenan , Huang Brady , Kent William 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objectives:
The objective of this study was to define the danger zone at which the anterior tibial artery (ATA) is at risk during anterolateral plating of the distal tibia using a novel 3D CTA modeling technique.

Methods:
We identified 116 patients (232 lower extremities) with lower extremity CTAs performed between 04/2020 and 04/2022. Those with lower extremity trauma, evidence of a previously healed tibia fracture, or poor visualization of the ATA were excluded. The remaining 150 lower extremities (92 patients) were modeled with an anterolateral distal tibia plate using Sectra IDS7 software. The distance of the ATA from bony landmarks was measured perpendicular to the level at which the vessel intersected the plate.

Results:
The ATA intersected the plate at a mean distance of 10.5 cm (95% CI 10.2 – 10.9) proximally, and distally at a mean distance of 4.6 cm (95% CI 4.4 – 4.9) from the central tibial plafond. The ATA intersected with the plate as far distal as hole number 1 and as proximal as hole 14 of the plate. The greatest injury risk was associated with plate holes 3-8. In this region the artery was at risk in 46-99 percent of specimens.

Conclusions:
The ATA is at risk when percutaneously placing screws in an anterolateral distal tibia plate. The artery can be as close as 4.4 cm and as far as 10.9 cm proximal to the tibial plafond when crossing the plate, correlating to a risk of injury to the ATA at plate holes 1 through 14.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV, computed tomography angiography study.
Our experience with management of congenital urological pathologies in adulthood: What pediatric urologists should know and adult urologists adopt in pediatric practice experience
Authors: Chertin Leon , Neeman Binyamin B. , Jaber Jawdat , Verhovsky Guy , Zisman Amnon , Mamber Ariel , Kafka Ilan , Natsheh Ala Eddin , Koulikov Dmitry , Shenfeld Ofer Z. , Chertin Boris , Koucherov Stanislav , Neheman Amos 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Purpose
To summarize our experience in the management of congenital anomalies in the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) in adults.

Materials and methods
We conducted a retrospective chart review of all adult patients who underwent primary surgical intervention for CAKUT between 1998 and 2021.

Results
The study included 102 patients with a median age of 25 (interquartile range, 23–36.5). Of these, 85 (83.3%) patients reported normal prenatal ultrasound, and the remaining 17 (16.7%) patients were diagnosed with antenatal hydronephrosis. These patients were followed-up conservatively postnatally and were discharged from follow-up because of the absence of indications for surgical intervention or because they decided to leave medical care. All studied adult patients presented with the following pathologies: 67 ureteropelvic junction obstructions, 14 ectopic ureters, 9 ureteroceles, and 6 primary obstructive megaureters, and the remaining 6 patients were diagnosed with vesicoureteral reflux. Forty-three percent of the patients had poorly functioning moieties associated with ectopic ureters or ureteroceles. Notably, 67% of patients underwent pyeloplasty, 9% underwent endoscopic puncture of ureterocele, 3% underwent ureteral reimplantation, 6% underwent endoscopic correction of reflux, 7% underwent partial nephrectomy of non-functioning moiety, and the remaining 9% underwent robotic-assisted laparoscopic ureteroureterostomy. The median follow-up period after surgery was 33 months (interquartile range, 12–54). Post-operative complications occurred in 5 patients (Clavien-Dindo 1–2).

Conclusions
Patients with CAKUT present clinical symptoms later in life. Parents of patients diagnosed during fetal screening and treated conservatively should be aware of this possibility, and children should be appropriately counseled when they enter adolescence. Similar surgical skills and operative techniques used in the pediatric population may be applied to adults.
Intracameral antibiotics during cataract surgery: efficacy, safety, and cost–benefit considerations
Authors: Lieu Alexander C. , Jun Jong Hwa , Afshari Natalie A. 
Published: October 2023

Purpose of review
We summarize evidence-based considerations regarding the use of intracameral antibiotics during cataract surgery.

Recent findings
The use of intraoperative intracameral antibiotics reduced the incidence of postcataract surgery endophthalmitis 3.5-fold, with an odds ratio ranging from 0.14 to 0.19. A survey of the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery showed usage of intracameral injections of antibiotics increased by 16% in the United States between 2014 and 2021. The frequency of vancomycin usage has sharply dropped to 6%, while moxifloxacin is now the dominant choice at 83% among respondents. One analysis showed that 2500 patients need to be treated with intracameral antibiotics to prevent one case of endophthalmitis. A 500 μg intracameral moxifloxacin at $22 dollars per dose is cost-effective, including for patients with posterior capsular rupture (PCR).

Summary
Studies substantiate the safety and efficacy of intracameral antibiotics for endophthalmitis prophylaxis. Intracameral moxifloxacin and cefuroxime are the most common choices. While vancomycin shows potential for efficacy, further studies evaluating clinical outcomes are needed. Adverse events are rare and commonly due to errors in preparation. Topical antibiotics do not provide additional prophylactic benefits to intracameral regimens. Intracameral antibiotics given alone are cost-effective.
A Feasibility Study to Assess Sleep and Subsequent Breast Milk Volume Among Mothers With Hospitalized Preterm Infants
Authors: Baumgartel Kelley , Caplan Erin , Glover Carly , Louis Judette , Schreiber James 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Sleep is essential for optimal health, and disturbed postpartum sleep is associated with compromised infant attachment. The postpartum experience of mothers with preterm infants is unlike the biological norm, as they are separated from their infants and often express breast milk.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility of conducting a clinical research study among women with hospitalized preterm infants. We also explored for associations between maternal sleep patterns and sleep-related psychological states and subsequent breast milk volume.

Methods:
Participants were recruited from Magee-Womens Hospital, located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania New mothers completed daily sleep and pumping logs and scales to measure stress, trauma, depression, fatigue, and sleep quality.

Results:
A total of 78 women were screened, 18 women consented, and a total of 8 participants completed the study. Screening from the postpartum unit increased recruitment. The participants experience worsening sleep quality over time, moderate stress, and fatigue. Stress, postnatal depression, and fatigue are negatively associated with milk volume.

Implications for Practice and Research:
Postpartum recruitment with frequent follow-ups improved recruitment and retention. We present a preliminary association between maternal stress, fatigue, and depression, and subsequent breast milk volume. Sleep-related psychological states may negatively influence milk volume.
Exploring Cytokine Networks in Resistant Hypertension
Authors: Bolin Linda P. , Crane Patricia B. , Gunn Laura H. 
Published: October 2023

Background
Controlling high blood pressure (BP) continues to be a major concern because the associated complications can lead to an increased risk of heart, brain, and kidney disease. Those with hypertension, despite lifestyle and diet modifications and pharmacotherapy, defined as resistant hypertension, are at increased risk for further risk for morbidity and mortality. Understanding inflammation in this population may provide novel avenues for treatment.

Objectives
This study aimed to examine a broad range of cytokines in adults with cardiovascular disease and identify specific cytokines associated with resistant hypertension.

Methods
A secondary data analysis was conducted. The parent study included 156 adults with a history of myocardial infarction within the past 3–7 years and with a multiplex plasma analysis yielding a cytokine panel. A network analysis with lasso penalization for sparsity was performed to explore associations between cytokines and BP. Associated network centrality measures by cytokine were produced, and a community graph was extracted. A sensitivity analysis BP was also performed.

Results
Cytokines with larger node strength measures were sTNFR2 and CX3. The graphical network highlighted six cytokines strongly associated with resistant hypertension. Cytokines IL-29 and CCL3 were found to be negatively associated with resistant hypertension, whereas CXCL12, MMP3, sCD163, and sIL6Rb were positively associated with resistant hypertension.

Discussion
Understanding the network of associations through exploring oxidative stress and vascular inflammation may provide insight into treatment approaches for resistant hypertension.
The Effects of Race, Ethnicity, and Maternal Education on Infant Mortality
Authors: Atkins Rahshida , Pontes Nancy M. H. , Patterson Natasha A. , Hinckson Afia , Aromolaran Damilola , McCray April , Pontes Manuel C. F. 
Published: October 2023

Background
The state of New Jersey has a large Black/African American (AA) versus White racial disparity in infant mortality and educational level at childbirth. This disparity, measured by rate ratio, increases with greater maternal education among varied racial–ethnic groups. The nature of this disparity measured by rate differences has not been explored.

Objectives
Infant birth and mortality data were used to examine whether racial or ethnic disparities in infant mortality increased with greater maternal education, comparing rate differences and rate ratios. Racial and ethnic variations in the association between maternal education and infant mortality were examined.

Methods
Data were from the New Jersey State Health Assessment Data for all New Jersey births between 2014 and 2018 stratified by race and ethnicity, maternal education, and infant mortality (n = 481,333). R software was used to create a data set and estimate additive and multiplicative interactions, rate differences, and rate ratios for infant mortality by maternal race/ethnicity and educational levels among four racial–ethnic groups.

Results
Infant mortality was significantly greater for Black/AA and Hispanic mothers than for White mothers. At all educational levels, Black/AA mothers had the highest prevalence of infant mortality compared to other racial or ethnic groups. Rate differences in infant mortality showed a decrease in Black/AA–White differences for mothers with a high school education or less compared to mothers with a college degree. However, rate ratios showed an increase in Black/AA–White ratio with increasing education levels for mothers with high school education or less than mothers with a college degree. Risk ratios comparing infant mortality for Black/AA versus Hispanic or Asian mothers showed more than a twofold greater risk at all education levels for Black/AA infants. Finally, college-educated Black/AA mothers had significantly higher rates of infant mortality than White or Hispanic mothers with a high school education or less.

Discussion/Implications
Black/AA mothers with a college degree had a higher infant mortality rate than White, Hispanic, or Asian mothers with a high school education or less. Future research should address contextual/systemic contributors to this disparity.
Psychosocial issues in SCA MANUSCRIPT for medicine journal.docxPSYCHOSOCIAL ISSUES IN SICKLE CELL DISEASE: A REVIEW (PREPRINT)PSYCHOSOCIAL ISSUES IN SICKLE CELL DISEASE: A REVIEW (PREPRINT)PSYCHOSOCIAL ISSUES IN SICKLE CELL DISEASE: A REVIEW (PREPRINT)
Authors: Essien Emmanuel Aniekan , Winter-Eteng Blessing F. , Onukogu Chinyere Uchechi , Nkangha Dominic Dennis , Daniel Faithful 
Published: October 2023

<p> </p>
<p><strong>Abstract </strong></p>
<p>Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) is a severe sickle cell disease primarily affecting black populations and individuals in tropical countries. This condition causes significant morbidity and mortality and leads to various psychosocial challenges. Using a narrative review approach, this paper analysed 80 peer-reviewed articles published between 1989 and 2023 to understand these challenges comprehensively. Mental disorders, sleep disturbances, interpersonal relationship challenges, stigmatisation, and workplace discrimination significantly contributed to the psychosocial distress experienced by individuals with SCA and their families. Depression and anxiety were prevalent among individuals with SCA, leading to poor treatment adherence, increased pain, and disruptions in various aspects of life. Sleep disturbances, including sleep-disordered breathing and sleepwalking, were also significant contributors to poor sleep quality in SCA patients. Families of individuals with SCA also face challenges, including psychological stress, financial strain, and social disruption. Stigmatisation is common, leading to misconceptions and discrimination. Workplace discrimination is prevalent, with a high unemployment rate among adult SCA patients. Comprehensive care is crucial to address these psychosocial issues. Early identification and intervention, comprehensive support programs, patient and family education, enhanced pain management strategies, and integration of mental health into clinical care are recommended. School-based support, research and advocacy, and community support groups are also necessary. By addressing these challenges through comprehensive care and support, healthcare professionals, policymakers, and society can reduce psychosocial distress and improve the lives of individuals with Sickle cell anaemia.</p>
Development of a Speech-based Composite Score for Remotely Quantifying Language Changes in Frontotemporal Dementia
Authors: Robin Jessica , Xu Mengdan , Kaufman Liam D. , Simpson William , McCaughey Stella , Tatton Nadine , Wolfus Charles , Ward Michael 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Changes to speech and language are common symptoms across different subtypes of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). These changes affect the ability to communicate, impacting everyday functions. Accurately assessing these changes may help clinicians to track disease progression and detect response to treatment.

Objective:
To determine which aspects of speech show significant change over time and to develop a novel composite score for tracking speech and language decline in individuals with FTD.

Method:
We recruited individuals with FTD to complete remote digital speech assessments based on a picture description task. Speech samples were analyzed to derive acoustic and linguistic measures of speech and language, which were tested for longitudinal change over the course of the study and were used to compute a novel composite score.

Results:
Thirty-six (16 F, 20 M; Mage = 61.3 years) individuals were enrolled in the study, with 27 completing a follow-up assessment 12 months later. We identified eight variables reflecting different aspects of language that showed longitudinal decline in the FTD clinical syndrome subtypes and developed a novel composite score based on these variables. The resulting composite score demonstrated a significant effect of change over time, high test–retest reliability, and a correlation with standard scores on various other speech tasks.

Conclusion:
Remote digital speech assessments have the potential to characterize speech and language abilities in individuals with FTD, reducing the burden of clinical assessments while providing a novel measure of speech and language abilities that is sensitive to disease and relevant to everyday function.
NIEND: Neuronal Image Enhancement through Noise Disentanglement
Authors: Zhao Zuo-Han , Liu Yufeng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMotivationThe full automation of digital neuronal reconstruction from light microscopic images has long been impeded by noisy neuronal images. Previous endeavors to improve image quality can hardly get a good compromise between robustness and computational efficiency.ResultsWe present the image enhancement pipeline named Neuronal Image Enhancement through Noise Disentanglement (NIEND). Through extensive benchmarking on 863 mouse neuronal images with manually annotated gold standards, NIEND achieves remarkable improvements in image quality such as signal-background contrast (40-fold) and background uniformity (10-fold), compared to raw images. Furthermore, automatic reconstructions on NIEND-enhanced images have shown significant improvements compared to both raw images and images enhanced using other methods. Specifically, the average F1 score of NIEND-enhanced reconstructions is 0.88, surpassing the original 0.78 and the second-ranking method, which achieved 0.84. Up to 52% of reconstructions from NIEND-enhanced images outperform all other 4 methods in F1 scores. In addition, NIEND requires only 1.6 seconds on average for processing 256×256×256-sized images, and images after NIEND attain a substantial average compression rate of 1% by LZMA. NIEND improves image quality and neuron reconstruction, providing potential for significant advancements in automated neuron morphology reconstruction of petascale.Availability and ImplementationThe study is conducted based on Vaa3D and Python 3.10. Vaa3D is available on GitHub (https://github.com/Vaa3D). The proposed NIEND method is implemented in Python, and hosted on GitHub along with the testing code and data (https://github.com/zzhmark/NIEND). The raw neuronal images of mouse brains can be found at the BICCN’s Brain Image Library (BIL) (https://www.brainimagelibrary.org).
An Evaluation of Physiological Responses Towards Variant Respiratory Function
Authors: Wang Tianchen , Mann Alfred E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe respiratory system is listed among the most critical systems that sustain lives. Numerous studies have explored respiratory system mechanisms and developed models to understand its responses to external stimuli in recent years. However, the relationship between the function and other physiological appearances must be well-established. In this study, the respiratory function was evaluated as inspiratory capacity (IC), and various physiological responses were linked to the variance of such function. Paired t-tests confirmed significant inter-posture variations on IC. A positive linear correlation was observed between MEP and IC, while a weaker was observed between abdominal muscle shortening and IC, particularly during the end exhalation. The lung inflation reflex investigation noted a strong linear correlation between heart rate and breath level. This study could shed light on understanding the respiratory system and its applications in various fields.