bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk aggregation considering probabilistic and consequential interactions: A general formulation with computational cost handling
Authors: Bao Chunbing , Cai Meng , Li Jianping , Zheng Qinyue , Wu Dengsheng , Meng Qingchun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractComplicated interaction between risk events is the critical obstacle preventing accurate risk aggregation, which is an important issue in risk management. Recent research integrates interaction into risk aggregation with different perspectives and lacks a comprehensive discussion of this issue, making the risk aggregation process not universal for diverse cases, especially in subjective risk assessment contexts. Therefore, this article proposes a theoretically convincing risk aggregation method embedding different types of interaction to support decision analysis more effectively. The main contributions of this article are as follows: (a) more in‐depth and stricter definitions, measures, and graphical descriptions of different types of interaction are developed to ensure the accuracy of risk aggregation; (b) a formal risk aggregation approach that could apply in both objective and subjective risk assessment contexts while elegantly embedding risk interactions is proposed; (c) the additivity of risks and risk sets in the risk aggregation process is discussed in detail and the conditions for additivity are clarified; (d) the quasi‐two/three‐additive measures, which approximately obtain the aggregate risk value within sufficient reliability, are proposed to greatly reduce the computational cost. To examine the applicability of the proposed general risk aggregation method, a case study is finally presented to show the complete risk aggregation process and its application in the decision‐making stage.
Sedimentary evolution and lake level fluctuations of Urmia Lake (north‐west Iran) over the past 50 000 years; insights from Artemia faecal pellet records
Authors: Sarı Selma , Mohammadi Ali , Schwamborn Georg , Haghipour Negar , Yu Byung Yong , Eriş Kürşad Kadir , Lak Razyeh 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA 25 m long sediment core from hypersaline Urmia Lake (north‐west Iran) was studied for the Late Quaternary depositional history and palaeoclimate variations using the abundance and compositional characteristics of Artemia faecal pellets. Sediment analysis is supported by scanning electron microscopy – energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, organic and inorganic carbon content measurements, and stable isotopes (δ13C and δ18O) from faecal pellet carbonates. The imprecise chronology of the core back to 50 kyr bp is supported by ten radiocarbon ages from faecal pellets and bulk sediments. The palaeoenvironmental record is subdivided into four periods: (i) During much of Marine Isotope Stage 3, a period of lake level lowering is characterized by a decreasing amount of faecal pellets, and an increasing amount of coated grains, sulphate minerals and reworked shell fragments. (ii) During late Marine Isotope Stage 3 and early Marine Isotope Stage 2 a lake level lowstand and a lake floor exposure is interpreted based on the relatively low abundance of pellets, which are multicoloured and appear together with volcanic lithics and rounded sulphate minerals. (iii) During late Marine Isotope Stage 2 the record is devoid of pellets but dominated by large sulphate crystals suggesting a prolonged low lake level. (iv) During Marine Isotope Stage 1 a relative lake level highstand is rapidly established with sediments that are highly abundant in fresh pellets. The modern lake level lowstand is represented by a salt crust. The δ13C and δ18O records measured from faecal pellet carbonates suggest a link with the precipitation versus evaporation balance in the lake over time. From bottom to top the linear trend towards more negative delta values illustrates the increasing amount of precipitation arriving at the lake from the Late Pleistocene to the Holocene. Two prominent isotope minima during the Late Pleistocene and one prominent minimum in the early Holocene mark relative high lake levels, which can also be linked to Lake Van in Turkey.
Different sedentary behaviors, genetic susceptibility of hypertension, and new‐onset hypertension: Mediating effects of body mass index and grip strength
Authors: Yang Sisi , Ye Ziliang , Liu Mengyi , Zhang Yanjun , Gan Xiaoqin , Wu Qimeng , Zhou Chun , He Panpan , Zhang Yuanyuan , Qin Xianhui 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe association between different sedentary behaviors and hypertension risk remains unclear. We aimed to explore the relationship between different domains of sedentary behaviors and new‐onset hypertension, investigate whether genetic susceptibility to hypertension modifies the relationship, and examine the extent to which the relationship is mediated by body mass index (BMI) and grip strength.Methods212 714 participants without baseline hypertension in the UK Biobank were enrolled. The three major sedentary behaviors (TV‐watching, nonoccupational computer use, and driving) were measured using touch screen questionnaires. The primary outcome was new‐onset hypertension.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up of 11.9 years, 13 983 participants developed hypertension. There was a linear positive association between TV‐watching time and new‐onset hypertension (p for nonlinearity =0.868). A J‐shaped association was found for nonoccupational computer use time and driving time with new‐onset hypertension, with an inflection point of 0.5 h/day for both (both p for nonlinearity <0.001). Polygenetic risk scores for hypertension (based on 118 related single‐nucleotide polymorphisms) did not significantly modify these associations (all p‐interactions >0.05). Furthermore, the detrimental effects of long‐term sedentary behaviors on hypertension were mediated by BMI by 21%–30%, and the beneficial effects of limited sitting time (within 0.5 h/day) for driving and nonoccupational computer use were mediated by grip strength by 6–25%.ConclusionsThere was a positive association for hands‐independence sedentary behavior (TV‐watching), and a J‐shaped association for hands‐dependence sedentary behaviors (nonoccupational computer use and driving) with new‐onset hypertension, regardless of genetic risks of hypertension. These relationships were partly mediated by BMI and grip strength.
UBE2C promotes malignancy of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Luo Ruiting , Bai Ruimin , Guo Jiaqi , Xian Ningyi , Zheng Yan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundOur study aimed to study the involvement of ubiquitin‐conjugating enzyme E2C (UBE2C) in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). As the second most common malignancy with a rising incidence, understanding the molecular mechanisms driving cSCC is crucial for improved diagnosis and treatment.MethodsWe combined multiple datasets of cSCC in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository to investigate its expression and diagnostic value. We collected patient specimens and performed immunohistochemistry to examine its expression in patients and its correlation with tumor histological grade. Moreover, we compared UBE2C expression between cSCC cells and primary human epidermal keratinocytes. Subsequently, we explored the effects of UBE2C inhibition on tumor cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis through CCK8, wound healing, Transwell, and flow cytometry assay.ResultsThe integrated analysis revealed an upregulation of UBE2C level in cSCC. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated high UBE2C expression was associated with poorer tumor histological grade. Cell experiments further supported the crucial role of UBE2C in promoting the malignant behavior of cSCC cells.ConclusionOur findings indicate UBE2C is up‐regulated in cSCC and contributes to its malignant behavior. These results suggest UBE2C has the potential to serve as both a cSCC biomarker and a therapeutic target.
Xenoreactive antibodies in α‐granules of human platelets bind pig liver endothelial cells
Authors: Burlak Christopher , Wang Zheng Yu , Martens Greg , Estrada Jose , Reyes Luz , Novara Gennuso Victor Manuel , Vianna Rodrigo , Tector Matt , Tector Alfred Joseph 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPig liver xenotransplantation is limited by a thrombocytopenic coagulopathy that occurs immediately following graft reperfusion. In vitro and ex vivo studies from our lab suggested that the thrombocytopenia may be the result of a species incompatibility in platelet glycosylation. Realization that platelet α‐granules contain antibodies caused us to reevaluate whether the thrombocytopenia in liver xenotransplantation could occur because IgM and IgG from inside platelet α‐granules bound to pig liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs). Our in vitro analysis of IgM and IgG from inside α‐granules showed that platelets do carry xenoreactive antibodies that can bind to known xenoantigens. This study suggests that thrombocytopenia occurring following liver xenotransplantation could occur because of xenoreactive antibodies tethering human platelets to the pig LSEC enabling the platelet to be phagocytosed. These results suggest genetic engineering strategies aimed at reducing xenoantigens on the surface of pig LSEC will be effective in eliminating the thrombocytopenia that limits survival in liver xenotransplantation.
Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Bleed on the Aerodynamics of a Low-Pressure Compressor Stage in a Turbofan Engine
Authors: Spanelis Apostolos , Denman Paul A. , Mariah Ian , Walker A. Duncan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The compression system in modern turbofan engines is split into stages linked by transition ducts. Downstream of the low-pressure system, a handling bleed is often required and, in conjunction with structural vanes, can introduce component interactions, which compromise aerodynamic performance. In this paper, a fully annular, low-speed test facility incorporating a 1½ stage axial compressor is used to examine the flow in the last stage of a low-pressure compressor and the downstream transition duct. The transition duct incorporated load-bearing struts, including a so-called king strut with twice the thickness of the regular struts. The bleed utilized a 360-deg annular slot located on the casing immediately downstream of the low-pressure rotor and upstream of the outlet guide vane. The results showed that both the regular and king strut caused a similar flow distortion in the vane row but overall imposed a negligible effect on overall performance. The addition of bleed had a larger effect, generating an increasing outboard bias at the rotor exit as the bleed flow migrated toward the offtake. At the design operating point, the outlet guide vanes were relatively insensitive to this until the highest bleed rate (18%) where evidence of stall was observed. At a lower operating point, a modification to the rotor swirl caused additional incidence onto the vanes, resulting in an earlier onset of the stall; a full stall was observed above 10% bleed. Increasing bleed caused a gradual increase in duct loss up to stall when losses increased rapidly.
Determination of Load Collective for Sizing of a Hydraulic Drive Network System Considering Simultaneity Between Actuator Loads
Authors: van Binsbergen-Galán Mikkel , Schmidt Lasse 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Designing and sizing the drive system for a multi-actuator machine controlled by a human driver, the drive system requirements are difficult to define. In this case it may be most sensible to size the drive system based on measurements from an existing and similar machine in the same size class, but possibly with a different drive topology. However, this poses two main challenges. First, the measurements likely contain dynamics from interactions with the surroundings. Secondly, the measured motion is influenced by the drive characteristics of the test machine as well as imperfect driver control by the human driver.
This paper proposes a method for determination of a load collective for design and sizing of an electro-hydraulic variablespeed drive network (VDN), seeking to account for the aforementioned effects by modifying measurements to create design load cycles constituting a load collective, while obtaining equal maximum actuator forces and speeds. The method is applied for the case of a knuckle boom crane, showcasing a significant impact on drive system size. This demonstrates the significance of properly defining a load collective when designing and sizing drive network systems.
Efficiency of a Digital Displacement Pump Operating With Partial Strokes
Authors: Dumnov Daniil , Lagarde Jérémie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Digital Displacement® pumps use solenoid operated on/off valves to control the pressurization of each individual cylinder on a stroke-by-stroke basis. The overall pump displacement is commonly varied by changing the proportion of cylinders which are not pressurized to those delivering their maximum volume. This strategy leads to high efficiency but can increase pulsation in the downstream hydraulic system. As an alternative, the timing of the valve actuation can be adjusted so that cylinders are only pressurized for a portion of their stroke. This paper presents measurements of overall power loss and efficiency of a 96cc/rev pump at a variety of speeds and pressures with variation of the cylinder stroke size from 10–100%. The efficiency of the pump decreases as cylinder stroke is reduced, but the change is relatively small, with efficiencies over 86% measured in all conditions above 100 bar and 50% stroke. The measured data is used to develop and validate a loss model for the Digital Displacement pump when operating using partial cylinder strokes. By combining this loss model with operating data from a 16-tonne excavator, the impact of different cylinder operating strategies on energy savings in an off-road system is evaluated. For the excavator performing digging, grading and travel it is predicted that changing from a full-stroke to a partial-stroke operating strategy has the effect of reducing the average pump efficiency by less than 2% in all duty cycles.
Projection Method for Hydraulic Piston Motor Torque Control
Authors: Darnet Justin , Bideaux Éric , Trégouët Jean-François 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Hydraulic systems are mostly known for their high-power density and their ability to precisely modulate the ratio of the power transmission between a prime mover and other actuators. This power modulation is generally achieved by controlling the displacement of the pump/motors implemented in the hydraulic system. Several component architectures and/or control strategies have been developed in this sense, as described in [1]. However, for hydrostatic transmissions, beyond the displacement control, a precise and efficient torque control of hydraulic motors is often preferable in order to optimize the driveability and/or the energy consumption. This constitutes a major technological problem, which could be addressed step-by-step by simplifying the architecture of the hydraulic motor studied and dividing the control in elementary bricks.
The paper presents an application of this early torque control strategy to a three-piston hydraulic motor. A simplified model of such a motor leads to a state-space representation, which is then transformed using specific change of variables that enable a direct torque control. Both torque and internal dynamics are then splitted in two different submodels that facilitate the motor torque control. Simulation results illustrate the potential of this approach before concluding.
External Gear Pump Performance With Graphene Hydraulic Fluid
Authors: Chiavola Ornella , Palmieri Fulvio , Liscio Andrea , Ligi Simone 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The literature reports that the addition of nanoparticles to hydraulic fluids significantly improves their fundamental properties such as viscosity index, lubricity, and anti-wear performance. Among the others, graphene-based nanomaterials are a potential candidate for hydraulic nanofluids due to their atomic thickness, high thermal conductivity, high thermal stability, and ecological nature.
Based on the research reported so far at tribological level, it is interesting to assess whether, and to what extent, the properties of nanofluids have an impact on hydraulic components performance. Accordingly, the article is devoted to highlight the effects of graphene based nanofluid on pump performance. Two formulations of graphene hydraulic fluid are prepared with the same standard mineral oil and graphene particles.
Pump performance is expressed in terms of volumetric efficiency and torque efficiency, measured in a wide range of pump speed and load pressure. The pump efficiency has been previously benchmarked with the standard hydraulic fluid. Then, for each formulation, experimental tests have been compared to the reference case, allowing quantitative performance comparison. The results have been lumped through loss coefficients, providing new data for modeling activities and for research and development in the field of hydraulic nanofluids.
Disturbance Observer-Based Nonlinear Motion Control of the Parallel Platform for Wave Compensation
Authors: Wang Tianzhu , Wei Jianhua , Zhang Qiang , Fang Jinhui 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Offshore installations, such as marine transportation and shipboard cranes, are highly vulnerable to sea conditions, resulting in reduced efficiency and economic losses. To reduce the impact of waves on offshore equipment operations, this paper presents a nonlinear controller for a parallel compensation platform to isolate the load motion from the ship motion. The parallel platform is equipped with multiple hydraulic actuators so that this platform can obtain the advantages of the hydraulic system such as large-power density and large output power. Considering the complication of the platform dynamics model under non-inertia and the nonlinear characteristics of the hydraulic system, this paper proposes a nonlinear cascade controller based on inverse kinematic model, which contains a disturbance observer and a sliding model surface. The disturbance observer accounts for the complicated non-inertial forces and other nonlinearities. In addition, the outer inverse kinematic model tracking loop uses sliding mode surface to guarantee the tracking transient performance, with desired hydraulic driving force as control output. The inner force control loop is designed through the backstepping method. Finally, Lyapunov-based analysis demonstrates the stability of the closed-loop system, and simulation results verify the effectiveness of the compensation performance in the proposed scheme.
Smooth Particle Hydrodynamic As a Computational Model for the Design and Analysis of Hydraulic Components
Authors: Durango Marvin , Garcia-Bravo Jose 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The aim of this work is to study the flow variables of a hydraulic component, a spool valve. Numerical simulations are implemented to analyze the behavior of the component, the method utilized here is called Smooth Particle hydrodynamic (SPH), which uses a Lagrangian approach. The traditional approach for this kind of analysis is CFD, this technique relies on the discretization of the Navier-Stokes equation in an Eulerian form, despite its accuracy it becomes unaffordable in terms of computational power, being the main reason SPH is selected over CFD. The computational model predicts forces and pressure at the same level as its counterpart, CFD. The simulation is conducted in DualSPhysics, open-source software for fluid modeling. Moreover, this study includes implementing the moving spool, which brings other difficulties when using CFD. However, there are other challenges to face during the set-up state of the model while imposing boundary conditions. The inlet/outlet conditions for SPH resort to particles not accounted as part of the computational domain, meaning the simulator stops tracking once the particles reach one of the boundaries. This study explains in detail how to set this condition correctly for inner flow in a control volume. The computational model developed in this study successfully described the physical phenomenon occurring in the spool valve. the typical jet velocity accruing between the shoulder and the closing spool is described by the SPH model. The latter fact is an indicator that this model spots the conversion of momentum and satisfies the continuity equitation.
Digital Displacement Motoring Characteristics of Dynamic Energy Recovery and Hydraulic Transformation
Authors: Pavlis Vojtech , McMillan Colin , Nørgård Christian , Caldwell Niall James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Digital Displacement® Pump (DDP) is a highly innovative hydraulic variable displacement radial piston pump, driven by a central crankshaft, wherein each cylinder can be independently controlled. With each crank rotation a given cylinder may idle, operate a full pumping stroke or operate a partial stroke. The Digital Displacement® Pump/Motor (DDPM) technology is expected to improve component and system efficiency as well as enable recovery of useful energy which would otherwise be lost. The machine’s unique capabilities include direct hydraulic transformation, allowing for pressure amplification or reduction on the machine pump service, with the pumping cylinders purely driven by the motoring ones.
This paper presents the efficiency results of a newly developed Digital Displacement machine, which comprises 30 radially arranged DD modules with a total displacement of 300cc/rev. Test demonstrator data shows overall pumping and motoring efficiency above 94.5% for most of the datapoints (at 100% displacement fraction) within the main working operation envelope for excavators, i.e. 150–250 bar and 1400–1800 rpm. The machine also allows for dynamic energy recovery, with a peak efficiency of 93.5% achieved from the hydraulic input power to the DDP150D to the mechanical shaft power of the prime mover. The paper concludes that the machine’s capabilities make it a promising solution for hydraulic transformation, with a peak efficiency of above 90% as a hydraulic transformer achieved for both pressure amplification and reduction at the pump service.
Hydraulic Drive Trains in Wind Turbines for Rapidly Changing Strong Winds
Authors: Manhartsgruber Bernhard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Wind energy is among the most important technologies for reducing our carbon footprint in the atmosphere. An analysis of the wind energy market over the last years shows a favor for wind turbine technology with a rather low nominal speed resulting in a frequent down-regulation or limitation of the harvested wind power by the commonly used pitch control mechanism. Two reasons for this development can be named. Firstly, it is economically infeasible to size the electric generator for a very high peak power that will not show up very often during operation. Secondly, setting the target towards rather low nominal wind speeds results in a situation where the wind power plants can operate very steadily, especially in situations with rather stable wind conditions like offshore plants. Hydraulic drive trains for wind turbines have been researched in the past mainly with the goal of getting rid of the expensive mechanical transmissions between wind rotor and generator, most remarkably by the Artemis company in Edinburgh, Scotland. Also hybrid technologies with hydropneumatic accumulators for buffering energy have already been presented, e.g. by the group around Prof. Kim Stelson at the University of Minnesota. This paper deals with the situation of a wind rotor without pitch control, i.e. with fixed blades, and a rotor speed floating free with the wind speed. A system of differently sized hydraulic pumps is used in a digital fluid power manner to feed the harvested energy into a high pressure accumulator. This accumulator powers a variable displacement hydraulic motor driving a synchronous generator at grid frequency. Basic concepts and a simulation study are presented in order to get insight into the potentials of this technology. A first prototype is under construction in cooperation with a wind energy startup company.