bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
45,X/46,XY mosaicism: Clinical manifestations and long term follow‐up
Authors: Alkhunaizi Ebba , Albrecht Jenna Plamondon , Aarabi Mahmoud , Witchel Selma F. , Wherrett Diane , Babul‐Hirji Riyana , Dupuis Annie , Chiniara Lyne , Chater‐Diehl Eric , Shago Mary , Shuman Cheryl , Rajkovic Aleksandar , Yatsenko Svetlana A. , Chitayat David 
Published: October 2023

Abstract45,X/46,XY chromosomal mosaicism presents a range of clinical manifestations, including phenotypes from Turner syndrome through genital abnormalities to apparently unaffected phenotypic males; however, the full clinical spectrum has not yet been fully delineated since prior studies on the clinical phenotype and associated risk of gonadal tumors included small cohorts and limited follow‐up. To better describe the clinical manifestations and long‐term outcome of patients with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism. We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients with 45,X/46,XY from three health centers (Hospital for Sick Children and Mount Sinai Hospital in Canada, and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center in United States). Of 100 patients with 45,X/46,XY karyotype, 47 were raised as females and 53 as males. Females were significantly shorter than males (p = 0.04) and height Z‐score was significantly decreased with age for both genders (p = 0.02). Growth hormone (GH) treatment did not result in a significant height increase compared to the untreated group (p = 0.5). All females required puberty induction in contrast to majority of males. Five females were diagnosed with gonadal tumors, while no males were affected. Around 58% of patients exhibited at least one Turner syndrome stigmata. This study expands the clinical spectrum, long‐term outcomes, and associated tumor risk in a large cohort of patients with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism. Additionally, it highlights our experience with GH therapy and prophylactic gonadectomy.
Quality of life measures in children with Down syndrome with disorders of gut–brain interaction
Authors: Ciciora Steven L. , Manickam Kandamurugu , Saps Miguel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDown syndrome (DS) is associated with multiple medical comorbidities. Perhaps related to such, caregivers of individuals with DS report lower quality of life (QoL) compared to individuals without DS. It has been shown that disorders of gut‐brain interaction (DGBI) such as functional constipation (FC) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are common in individuals with DS. We measured caregiver‐reported QoL in individuals with DS with a DGBI and compared them to individuals with DS without a DGBI via a cross‐sectional national survey. All measures of QoL were lower in those with DS who meet criteria for a DGBI compared to those with DS without a DGBI. Males and females with DS and at least one DGBI had similar QoL scores. While FC was the most common DGBI seen in individuals with DS, there was no difference in any aspect of QoL in subjects with FC when compared to individuals with other DGBIs. However, all measures of QoL were lower in those with IBS compared to individuals with other DGBIs. These findings suggest that management of gastrointestinal symptoms from DGBIs, particularly IBS, may serve as a target for increasing QoL in a notable subset of individuals with DS.
Experimental and Computational Studies on Uranium Diazomethanediide Complexes
Authors: Li Tongyu , Wang Dongwei , Heng Yi , Hou Guohua , Zi Guofu , Ding Wanjian , Maron Laurent , Walter Marc D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUranium diazomethanediide complexes can be prepared and their synthesis, structure and reactivity were explored. Reaction of the uranium imido compound [η5‐1,2,4‐(Me3Si)3C5H2]2U=N(p‐tolyl)(dmap) (1) or [η5‐1,3‐(Me3C)2C5H3]2U=N(p‐tolyl)(dmap) (4) with Me3SiCHN2 cleanly yields the first isocyanoimido metal complexes [η5‐1,2,4‐(Me3Si)3C5H2]2U(=NNC)(μ‐CNN=)U(dmap)[η5‐1,2,4‐(Me3Si)3C5H2]2 (2) and {[η5‐1,3‐(Me3C)2C5H3]2U[μ‐(=NNC)]}6 (5), respectively. Both compounds exhibit remarkable thermal stability and were fully characterized. According to density functional theory (DFT) studies the bonding between the Cp2U2+ and [NNC]2− moieties is strongly polarized with a significant 5 f orbital contribution, which is also reflected in the reactivity of these complexes. For example, complex 5 acts as a nucleophile toward alkylsilyl halides and engages in a [2+2] cycloaddition with CS2, but no reaction occurs in the presence of internal alkynes.
Recent advances in cocatalyst engineering for solar‐driven overall water splitting
Authors: Pelicano Christian Mark , Tong Haijian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSolar‐driven overall water splitting using particulate photocatalysts represents a viable and attractive paradigm to produce H2. To achieve sustainable artificial photosynthesis, considerable effort has been devoted in enhancing the overall efficiency and stability of photocatalysts. More specifically, modifying the photocatalyst surface with suitable cocatalysts can significantly enhance its water‐splitting performance. In this minireview, we describe recent advances with respect to the hybridization strategies in constructing high‐performance cocatalyst/photocatalyst systems. We first discuss the fundamental concepts and principles governing the photocatalytic water splitting and the important role of cocatalysts. Subsequently, we examine the strengths and drawbacks of conventional and emerging cocatalyst loading strategies. Special consideration is given to the structure–activity relationship of cocatalysts to achieve efficient photocatalytic H2 production from pure H2O. Finally, the remaining key challenges and possible future directions in the discovery and further exploration of cocatalyst materials are also discussed. We anticipate this review will provide insights and inspire more research interest in designing high‐performance cocatalysts for photocatalytic overall water splitting.
Responses of native freshwater mussels to remediation to remove polychlorinated biphenyl‐contaminated sediments in the upper Hudson River
Authors: Newton Teresa J. , Mayer Denise A. , Rogala James T. , Madden Sean S. , Gray Brian R. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

The Hudson River, New York, was contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from two manufacturing plants over a period of approximately 30 years, and PCBs are still present in sediment and biota today. The river provides habitat for a variety of plants and animals, including native freshwater mussels. A remediation programme, consisting of dredging followed by the placement of backfilled sediment and/or a subaqueous cap, was initiated in 2009 to remove PCB‐contaminated sediments, and managers were concerned about how remediation could affect the mussels.
Quantitative surveys were conducted across nine reaches (pools) to estimate species composition, density, population size, population structure, and ecosystem services of mussel assemblages, pre‐ and post‐remediation. Surveys were stratified into remediated areas (targeted for dredging) and non‐remediated areas (not targeted for dredging).
Pre‐remediation, the river contained a low diversity, and high, but variable, density of mussels that were strongly dominated by Elliptio complanata. The presence of few fresh dead mussels indicates low natural mortality. Frequent recruitment by many species, varied length classes, and high biomass also support robust assemblages that perform important ecosystem services, such as biofiltration.
Remedial activity removed most of the mussels and the associated services that they perform: their density was reduced by 83% and their filtration capacity was reduced by 93%, relative to non‐remediated areas. Areas that were remediated were almost devoid of adult mussels, but the presence of small mussels indicates that natural recolonization is occurring. However, it is unknown whether these assemblages will persist. As mussels are generally long lived and slow growing, natural recovery is anticipated to be slow, in the order of decades.
Interaction with peers online: LGBTQIA+ individuals' information seeking and meaning‐making during the life transitions of identity construction
Authors: Jia Romy Menghao , Du Jia Tina , Zhao Yuxiang (Chris) 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPeople search for information and experiences and seek meaning as a common reaction to new life challenges. There is little knowledge about the interactions through which experiential information is acquired, and how such interactions are meaningful to an information seeker. Through a qualitative content analysis of 992 posts in an online forum, this study investigated lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, queer/questioning, asexual (LGBTQIA+) individuals' online information interactions and meaning‐making with peers during their life transitions of identity construction. Our analysis reveals LGBTQIA+ people's life challenges across three transition stages (being aware of, exploring, and living with a new identity). Three main types of online peer interactions were identified within: cognitive, affective, and situational peer interactions. We found that online peer interactions are not only a type of information source that LGBTQIA+ individuals use to acquire understanding about themselves but a unique space for transformation learning and meaning‐making where they share self‐examination and reflection, conduct assessments and assumptions, and obtain strength and skills to initiate and adapt life transitions. The findings have theoretical contributions to the development of information behavior models of transitions and practical implications on providing information services that support LGBTQIA+ individuals' meaning‐making during the life transition.
Identification of angiogenesis‐related subtypes, the development of a prognosis model, and features of tumor microenvironment in colon cancer
Authors: Wang Feifei , Wang Changjing , Li Baokun , Wang Guanglin , Meng Zesong , Han Jiachao , Guo Ganlin , Yu Bin , Wang Guiying 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAngiogenesis is associated with tumor progression, prognosis, and treatment effect. However, the angiogenesis’ underlying mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment (TME) still remain unclear. Understanding the dynamic interactions between angiogenesis and TME in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is necessary. We downloaded the transcriptome data and corresponding clinical data of colon cancer patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, respectively. We identified two distinct angiogenesis‐related molecular subtypes (subtype A and subtype B) and assessed the clinical features, prognosis, and infiltrating immune cells of patients in the two subtypes. According to the prognostic differential genes, we defined two different gene clusters to further explore the correlation between angiogenesis and tumor heterogeneity. Then, we construct the prognostic risk scoring model angiogenesis‐related gene (ARG‐score) including seven genes (ARMCX2, latent transforming growth factor β binding protein 1, ADAM8, FABP4, CCL11, CXCL11, ITLN1) using Lasso‐multivariate cox method. We analyzed the correlation between ARG‐score and prognosis, clinicopathological features, TME, molecular feature, cancer stem cells (CSCs), and microsatellite instability (MSI) status. To assess the application value of ARG‐score in clinical treatment, immunophenotype score was used to predict patients’ immunotherapy response in colon cancer. We found the mutations of ARGs in TCGA–COAD dataset from genetic levels and discussed their expression patterns based on TCGA and GEO datasets. We observed important differences in clinicopathological features, prognosis, immune feature, molecular feature between the two molecular subgroups. Then, we established an ARG‐score for predicting OS and validated its predictive capability. A high ARG‐score characterized by higher transcription level of ARGs, suggested lower MSI‐high (MSI‐H), lower immune score, and worse clinical stage and survival outcome. Additionally, the ARG‐score was remarkably related to the CSCs index and immunotherapy sensitivity. We found two new molecular subtypes and two gene clusters based on ARGs and established an ARG‐score. Multilayered analysis revealed that ARGs were remarkably correlated to the heterogeneity of colon cancer patients and explained the process of tumorigenesis and progression better. The ARG‐score can help us better assess patients’ survival outcomes and provide guidance for individualized treatment.
Effect of choosing coordinate systems on computationally predicting nonradiative transition rates of flexible thermally activated delayed fluorescence molecules
Authors: Min Byeong Ki , Kim Donggeon , Kim Dongwook , Rhee Young Min 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUnderstanding nonradiative transition mechanisms is important in various situations. However, compared with radiative processes where temporal profiles of photon emission can be monitored in a straightforward manner, experimentally accessing the rate information may not be an easy task with nonradiative transitions. Hence, applying theoretical tools toward predicting the rates can be a useful tactic. Such predictions become very useful in designing optoelectronic materials as in the molecules adopted for constructing organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). The correlation function formalism is a method that can fulfill the purpose of designing OLED materials. The formalism requires information regarding the vibrational normal modes of the two electronic states before and after the transition. Because the method is also based on harmonic oscillator approximation, it can actually fail to provide high reliability when there is a large geometric distortion between the initial and the final states. In fact, the harmonic normal mode picture is more prone to lose reliability in the Cartesian coordinates than in the internal ones even at a small distortion, and hence adopting internal coordinates may be more preferable for practical calculations. This is because normal mode mixing becomes less severe when molecular coordinates are described with internal degrees of freedom such as bond stretching, bending, and torsion. In this regard, how much more reliable the nonradiative rate predictions in OLED materials become with the use of internal coordinate system deserves a close inspection. In this account, we review on the derivation of the correlation function formalism and provide how it can be adapted toward the use of the internal coordinates. As a demonstration, we evaluate the intersystem crossing and the internal conversion rates of a series of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules with both Cartesian and internal coordinate systems. Overall, handling transitions involving substantial structural changes is improved indeed with the internal coordinates. However, limitations are still apparent for the TADF systems with a flexible donor–acceptor type construct especially when the inevitable inter‐domain twisting takes place with the electronic transition. Future prospect for handling the issue is commented as a concluding remark.
Political tolerance and the golden rule: Reciprocity increases acceptance of normative protest actions of disliked groups
Authors: Verkuyten Maykel , Yogeeswaran Kumar , Adelman Levi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe golden rule is a widespread moral guide for preventing conflict across cultures and religions, and reciprocity is foundational to political tolerance. This raises the question of whether the golden rule has an impact on one's willingness to tolerate political protest actions of disliked ideological groups. In the current research, we examined whether making salient golden rule reciprocity impacts on political tolerance of one's least‐liked groups. Data from two experiments (N = 950) revealed that participants who watched a 3‐min video highlighting the golden rule showed significantly more tolerance of normative protest actions of their least‐liked group relative to watching a control video. By contrast, the golden rule video had no significant impact on tolerance of non‐normative protest actions of one's least‐liked group. Additionally, the golden rule video had no impact on one's attitudes or willingness to engage in contact with the least‐liked group indicating that increased political tolerance of normative protest actions was not due to changing attitudes towards the least‐liked group. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that reminders of the principle of reciprocity and the golden rule can increase political tolerance with benefits for liberal democracy. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Novel Antitubercular Agents: Design, Synthesis, Molecular Dynamic and Biological Studies of Pyrazole – 1,2,4‐Triazole Conjugates
Authors: Ajin K. A. , Arun Kumar Sethu , Singh Manisha , Akshatha H. S. , Bhagyalalitha Meduri , Pujar Karthik G. , Sumana M. N. , Chandrashekar V. M. , Bidye Durgesh , Pujar Gurubasavaraj Veeranna 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has numerous cell wall and non‐cell wall mediated receptors for drug action, of which cell wall mediated targets were found to be more promising because of their pivotal role in bacterial protection and survival. Herein, we reported the design and synthesis of a series of pyrazole‐linked triazoles based on the reported structural features of promising drug candidates that target DprE1 receptors through a Structure‐based drug design (SBDD) approach (6a–6j and 7a–7j). The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in‐vitro antitubercular activity against virulent strains of Mtb H37Rv. In‐silico studies revealed that most compounds exhibit binding interactions with crucial amino acids like Lys418, Tyr314, Tyr60, and Asp386 at DprE1. Furthermore, the protein‐ligand (7j) shows appreciable stability compared to innate protein in a 100 ns molecular dynamic simulation study. In‐vitro MAB assay revealed that 14 compounds exhibit significant antitubercular activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the 3.15–4.87 μM of the 20 compounds tested. An in‐vitro cytotoxicity study on normal cell lines (MCF10) revealed safe compounds (IC50 values:341.85 to 726.08 μM). Hence, the present study opens the development of new pyrazole‐linked triazoles as probable DprE1 inhibitors.
Intramuscular hydatid cyst of paraspinal muscle: A diagnostic challenge
Authors: Shrestha Anisha , Shrestha Anish Kumar , Deo Alok , Sharma Gopal Raman 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHydatid cyst is a zoonosis caused by ingestion of eggs of Echinococcus‐a tapeworm. Following ingestion of the eggs, oncosphere larvae are released which penetrate the intestinal wall to invade various organs of the body including liver, lungs, and skeletal muscles via. blood vessels. Due to their contractile nature and high lactic acid content, skeletal muscles are typically not a suitable site for attachment of hydatid cyst. In our case report presented below, we report a rare case of an isolated hydatid cyst of paraspinal muscle presenting as a slow‐growing asymptomatic mass in the back, posing a clinical diagnostic dilemma.
Pulmonary thromboembolism as a rare complication of Plasmodium vivax malaria: A case report
Authors: Solela Gashaw , Daba Merga , Getahun Zerubabel , Getachew Yared , Girma Dejene 
Published: October 2023

Key Clinical MessageLow threshold is required to suspect complications of Plasmodium vivax malaria. Pulmonary thromboembolism, though rare, should be considered as its complication in the presence of unexplained and sudden onset shortness of breath.AbstractThe hypercoagulable complications of malaria typically manifest in the microvasculature. However, there are several cases of intracranial venous thrombosis caused by Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria, and there was one case report of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) due to P. falciparum. A 30‐year‐old Ethiopian male patient presented with sudden onset of shortness of breath for 3 days. He had also high‐grade fever, chills, and rigors associated with loss of appetite and fatigue of similar duration. He was from malaria endemic area. He had a pulse rate of 108 beats per minutes, respiratory rate of 32 breaths per minute, oxygen saturation of 82% with atmospheric air and temperature of 38.9°C. Further examination revealed accentuation of pulmonary component of second heart sound. Complete blood count revealed mild anemia and peripheral blood film showed trophozoites of P. vivax. Pulmonary CT angiography showed filling defects in the right and left pulmonary arteries. The patient was diagnosed to have P. vivax malaria complicated by PTE. He was managed with intranasal oxygen, antimalarial agent, and anticoagulation. Upon serial evaluations on the third week and second month of follow up, he did not have complaints and physical examination was non‐remarkable. Malaria is a protozoan disease with high mortality and morbidity. For a long time, severe cases of malaria were thought to be mostly caused by P. falciparum. However, recent evidences have shown a paradigm shift and we should remember that P. vivax can also cause severe malaria and this can be complicated by hypercoagulable conditions including PTE.
Studies of the Anaerobic Leaching of Iron and Copper Containing Dump Material and Comparison to Chemical Leaching
Authors: Samani Leila Derakhshan , Glombitza Franz , Pätzold Carsten , Bertau Martin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the leaching of a non‐sulfide copper ore by a new bioleaching process, the Ferredox process. In the Ferredox process, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans reduces ferric ions and oxidizes sulfur at low pH under anaerobic conditions. In this study, a bacterial culture (mainly A. ferrooxidans) was initially grown aerobically. Bacterial dissolution of iron sludge under anaerobic conditions versus sulfuric acid was compared. An iron slurry sample from the West Rand Ditch near Hoyerswerda, Germany and from the Golestan Mine in Iran was investigated. Two shake flasks each containing an iron slurry and non‐sulfidic Fe/Cu ore were used. One shake flask each was subjected to an anaerobic process by A. ferrooxidans, while the other sample was leached with dilute sulfuric acid. In the chemical leaching, the amount of dissolved copper was 2.5 %, only slightly higher than in the bioleaching. In a subsequent anaerobic column leaching with A. ferrooxidans, 35 % of the contained copper was mobilized from 1366 g ore.
Reduction of phosphogypsum for SO2 production: Insights into the release characteristics of SO2 following the solid–solid reaction of CaS and CaSO4 under different atmospheres
Authors: Gao Peng , Shen Yue , Zheng Min , Xie Haitao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPhosphogypsum (PG) severely pollutes the environment and is difficult to recycle. PG is primarily composed of CaSO4 · 2H2O. In this study, the characteristics of SO2 released from the solid–solid reaction between calcium sulphide (CaS) and CaSO4 were thoroughly investigated using thermodynamic calculations. Experiments were performed by tuning the molar ratio of CaS to CaSO4, reaction atmosphere (S, CH4, N2, and air), and the heating rate. As shown by the phase diagram, high reaction temperatures favour CaO stability, and the corresponding maximum SO2 equilibrium partial pressure increases. The total SO2 production significantly increased with increasing molar ratio and slightly increased when the ratio exceeded 1:3. The SO2 productions were ranked from highest to lowest as follows: S, CH4, N2, CO, and air. The total SO2 production decreased with increasing heating rate. For the reaction between CaS and CaSO4, a higher molar ratio of CaS to CaSO4 no less than 1:3, both S and CH4 reductive atmospheres, and a lower heating rate (2°C/min) favour the total SO2 emission.