bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary cutaneous lymphomas: a study of 37 cases
Authors: Andrès Philippe , Lepagney Marie‐Laure , Bureau Brigine , Litoux Pierre , Dréno Brigitte 
Published: November 2003

Abstract Background A retrospective clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical study was performed in 37 cases of isolated primary cutaneous lymphoma (PCL) (22 B and 15 T phenotype). Patients with epidermotrophic infiltrate (mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome) were excluded. Methods Patients with PCL were selected according to strict criteria: isolated cutaneous involvement for at least 6 months and a negative exhaustive study of possible spread. Lesions were either limited to a single cutaneous region or were disseminated, involving at least two nonadjacent regions. The diagnosis was confirmed histologically, and an immunohistochemical study was performed. Results On the basis of the new Willemze classification for prognostic criteria, this study showed similarities between lymphomas of B and T phenotype in clinical features, therapeutic response, course, and overall prognosis. The clinical lesion was usually an erythematous nodule associated, or not, with an infiltrated layer and generally limited to a single cutaneous region. PCLs were highly sensitive to nonaggressive treatment, showing complete or more than 50% partial remission in all cases. Conclusions The overall prognosis for these lymphomas was good, even for disseminated cutaneous forms. Patient survival at 48 months was 78% for T and 89% for B phenotype. In the latter group, the prognosis was comparable for CD30+ and CD30‐ T lymphomas; however, the course of PCL involved frequent cutaneous relapses, particularly with the disseminated forms, raising the problem of adjuvant treatment after complete remission was obtained. Extracutaneous involvement was rare, but always indicative of poor prognosis.
Consumer information materials for diagnostic breast tests: women's views on information and their understanding of test results
Authors: Davey Heather M , Lim Jacqueline , Butow Phyllis N , Barratt Alexandra L , Houssami Nehmat , Higginson Roberta 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjective  To explore women's views on diagnostic breast test information and elicit their preferences for this information.Design  In‐depth, face‐to‐face interview.Setting and Participants  Thirty‐seven women who had previously participated in a population‐based telephone survey.Main outcome measure Qualitative thematic analysis.Results  Analysis of interview transcripts revealed information about: (1) the wide range of information participants wanted about diagnostic mammography; (2) general reactions to diagnostic breast test information, including positive and negative reactions, views of test accuracy information and perceived influences on information preferences; (3) preferences for information content and presentation including the need for written information, the meaning of statistical information, different views on a simple presentation style, and variation in preferences; and (4) women's understanding of diagnostic test results.Conclusion  Women want a range of information about diagnostic mammography, which is relevant at different times in the decision‐making and testing process. Many women have difficulty interpreting test results.
Consumer choice of social health insurance in managed competition
Authors: Kerssens Jan J. , Groenewegen Peter P. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjective  To promote managed competition in Dutch health insurance, the insured are now able to change health insurers. They can choose a health insurer with a low flat‐rate premium, the best supplementary insurance and/or the best service. As we do not know why people prefer one health insurer to another, we investigated their reasons for selecting their health insurer and assessed the importance of the supplementary benefit package and the flat‐rate premium.Methods  A self‐administered questionnaire was completed by 468 of a total of 884 (52.9%). Data were compared among three groups. The first group comprised those who left one health insurer for another (exit). The second group had joined the health insurer (entry) and the third group comprised those who did not switch (stayers).Results  Those in the entry group were statistically significantly less satisfied with their former insurance organization than those in the other groups (exit and stayers) with the insurance organization under investigation. They were also less satisfied than the other groups in respect of the flat‐rate premium. Those in the exit group were younger and seemed to be in better health. In general, the insured were only aware of small differences between health insurance funds and the three groups did not differ from each other in this respect. About a quarter of the entry group reported the flat‐rate premium as a reason for selecting a particular health insurance fund. However, the most frequently reported reason, for both exit and entry, was the benefit package of the supplementary insurance.Conclusions  In the absence of clear differences between insurance organizations, the advantages of managed competition maybe too difficult to achieve.
Management of the primary cutaneous lymphomas
Authors: Prince H Miles , McCormack Christopher , Ryan Gail , O'Keefe Rod , Seymour John F , Baker Chris 
Published: November 2003

SUMMARYCutaneous lymphomas are rare and, although some are a manifestation of systemic lymphoma, the majority arise primarily from the skin. These primary cutaneous lymphomas comprise both T‐ and B‐cell subtypes and represent a wide spectrum of disorders, which at times can be difficult to diagnose and classify. Classical therapeutic strategies include topical corticosteroids, phototherapy, radiotherapy, retinoids, extracorporeal photopheresis, topical chemotherapy, systemic chemotherapy and biological response modifiers. Newer therapies include the synthetic retinoid bexarotene, the immunotoxin conjugate denileukin diftitox, interleukin‐12 and monoclonal antibodies such as alemtuzumab and rituximab.
What's in a Name? The Tragic Story of Saartjie Baartman and the Argument for a Return to ‘The Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists’
Authors: De Saxe Ian 
Published: November 2003

Objective: To demonstrate, by a historical example, how the use of the term ‘Royal’ in the name of the College is unacceptable, and that to continue to use it associates us with past human rights abuses. It is argued further that to resume the title, ‘Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists’, better represents our goals than the current name. Conclusions: Although Royal colleges of medicine have traditionally been seen as institutions of earnest scientific learning, they have also been associated with the abuse of human rights. Because Australia is a country of the New World, it is no longer acceptable to use the term ‘Royal’ in our name owing to the negative connotations, which are not outweighed by any positive associations (such as a tradition of learning, which is not limited to Royal colleges).
SARS: clinical features and diagnosis
Authors: HUI David Shu‐Cheong , WONG Poon‐Chuen , WANG Chen 
Published: November 2003

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a highly infectious disease with a significant morbidity and case fatality. The major clinical features include persistent fever, chills/rigor, myalgia, malaise, dry cough, headache and dyspnoea. Less common symptoms include sputum production, sore throat, coryza, dizziness, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. Older subjects may present with decrease in general well‐being, poor feeding, fall/fracture and delirium, without the typical febrile response. Common laboratory features include lymphopenia with depletion of CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes, thrombocytopenia, prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time, elevated D‐Dimer, elevated alanine transminases, lactate dehydrogenase and creatinine kinase. The constellation of compatible clinical and laboratory findings, together with the rather characteristic radiological features especially on HRCT and the lack of clinical response to broad‐spectrum antibiotics, should quickly arouse suspicion of SARS.The positivity rates of urine, nasophargyngeal aspirate and stool specimen have been reported to be 42%, 68% and 97%, respectively, on day 14 of illness, whereas serology for confirmation may take 28 days to reach a detection rate above 90%. Recently, quantitative measurement of blood SARS CoV RNA with real‐time RT‐PCR technique has been developed with a detection rate of 80% as early  as day 1 of hospital admission but the detection rates drop to 75% and 42% on day 7 and day 14, respectively.
Apolipoprotein E and β‐amyloid (1–42) regulation of glycogen synthase kinase‐3β
Authors: Cedazo‐Mínguez A. , Popescu B. O. , Blanco‐Millán J. M. , Akterin S. , Pei J‐J. , Winblad B. , Cowburn R. F. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractGlycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK‐3β) is implicated in regulating apoptosis and tau protein hyperphosphorylation in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We investigated the effects of two key AD molecules, namely apoE (E3 and E4 isoforms) and β‐amyloid (Aβ) 1–42 on GSK‐3β and its major upstream regulators, intracellular calcium and protein kinases C and B (PKC and PKB) in human SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. ApoE3 induced a mild, transient, Ca2+‐independent and early activation of GSK‐3β. ApoE4 effects were biphasic, with an early strong GSK‐3β activation that was partially dependent on extracellular Ca2+, followed by a GSK‐3β inactivation. ApoE4 also activated PKC‐α and PKB possibly giving the subsequent GSK‐3β inhibition. Aβ(1–42) effects were also biphasic with a strong activation dependent partially on extracellular Ca2+ followed by an inactivation. Aβ(1–42) induced an early and potent activation of PKC‐α and a late decrease of PKB activity. ApoE4 and Aβ(1–42) were more toxic than apoE3 as shown by MTT reduction assays and generation of activated caspase‐3. ApoE4 and Aβ(1–42)‐induced early activation of GSK‐3β could lead to apoptosis and tau hyperphosphorylation. A late inhibition of GSK‐3β through activation of upstream kinases likely compensates the effects of apoE4 and Aβ(1–42) on GSK‐3β, the unbalanced regulation of which may contribute to AD pathology.
Inhibition of non‐vesicular glutamate release by group III metabotropic glutamate receptors in the nucleus accumbens
Authors: Xi Zheng‐Xiong , Shen Hui , Baker David A. , Kalivas Peter W. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractPrevious in vitro studies have shown that group III metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) regulate synaptic glutamate release. The present study used microdialysis to characterize this regulation in vivo in rat nucleus accumbens. Reverse dialysis of the group III mGluR agonist l‐(+)‐2‐amino‐4‐phosphonobutyric acid (L‐AP4) decreased, whereas the antagonist (R,S)‐α‐methylserine‐O‐phosphate (MSOP) increased the extracellular level of glutamate. The decrease by L‐AP4 or the increase by MSOP was antagonized by co‐administration of MSOP or L‐AP4, respectively. Activation of mGluR4a by (1S,3R,4S)‐1‐aminocyclopentane‐1,2,4‐tricarboxylic acid or mGluR6 by 2‐amino‐4‐(3‐hydroxy‐5‐methylisoxazol‐4‐yl)butyric acid had no effect on extracellular glutamate. (R,S)‐4‐Phosphonophenylglycine (PPG), another group III agonist with high affinity for mGluR4/6/8, reduced extracellular glutamate only at high concentrations capable of binding to mGluR7. The increase in extracellular glutamate by MSOP was tetrodotoxin‐independent, and resistant to both the L‐type and N‐type Ca2+ channel blockers. L‐AP4 failed to block 30 mm K+‐induced vesicular glutamate release. Blockade of glutamate uptake by d,l‐threo‐β‐benzyloxyaspartate caused a Ca2+‐independent elevation in extracellular glutamate that was reversed by L‐AP4. Finally, (S)‐4‐carboxyphenylglycine, an inhibitor of cystine‐glutamate antiporters, attenuated the L‐AP4‐induced reduction in extracellular glutamate. Together, these data indicate that group III mGluRs regulate in vivo extracellular glutamate in the nucleus accumbens by inhibiting non‐vesicular glutamate release.
Gene expression of α‐endosulfine in the rat brain: correlative changes with aging, learning and stress
Authors: Dou Jingtao , Cui Changhai , Dufour Franck , Alkon Daniel L. , Zhao Wei‐Qin 
Published: November 2003

AbstractEndosulfine (EDSF) belongs to a highly conserved cAMP‐regulated phosphoprotein (ARPP) family and was first isolated from ovine brain as a possible endogenous ligand for sulfonylurea receptors. To explore its involvement in brain functions, we investigated regional distribution of α‐EDSF gene expression in the rat brain, and its regulation under physiological and pathological conditions. The majority of α‐EDSF gene was expressed in the pyramidal neurons, which represent the principal excitatory neurons in various brain regions. Down‐regulation of α‐EDSF mRNA was detected in the rat hippocampus during long‐term memory consolidation following a spatial learning experience, whereas swimming‐related stress caused persistent up‐regulation of α‐EDSF gene expression in several brain regions. These changes, however, were absent from brains of diabetic rats that were subjected to the same behavioral treatments. Intracerebroventricular injection of streptozocin with a toxic dose induced severe learning deficits and brain structure alteration accompanied by a massive increase of α‐EDSF mRNA in the somatosensory cortex. These results suggest that α‐EDSF gene expression is differentially regulated by distinct brain processes involving excitatory neuronal activities.
Dinucleotide microsatellite markers from Anopheles funestus
Authors: Schemerhorn B. J. , Greeman S. , Banks M. , Vulule J. , Sagnon N.‐F. , Costantini C. , Besansky N. J. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractA total of 39 dinucleotide microsatellite‐containing clones were sequenced from a principal African malaria vector, Anopheles funestus. Primers designed to amplify 20 loci were used to genotype A. funestus mosquitoes from Burkina Faso and Kenya. Of nine polymorphic loci that amplified reliably and could be scored unambiguously, the overall within‐sample gene diversity was similar between locales, 0.77 and 0.78, with an allelic richness per locus of five to 11. Both the high level of polymorphism and absence of significant heterozygote deficiency at any locus favour these markers for studies of population structure that are vital to controlling this medically important species.
PCR primers for microsatellite loci in the tiger rattlesnake (Crotalus tigris, Viperidae)
Authors: Goldberg Caren S. , Edwards Taylor , Kaplan Matthew E. , Goode Matt 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe tiger rattlesnake (Crotalus tigris) is found only in the Sonoran Desert of North America, where it inhabits rocky foothills that are increasingly being affected by urban encroachment. In order to continue a long‐term study of the demography and movements of tiger rattlesnakes around Tucson, Arizona, we identified six novel polymorphic microsatellite loci for this species. All loci exhibited high variability (five to 41 alleles). These markers are useful for studies of paternity, population structure, and assessing appropriate destinations for translocated animals.
Isolation of microsatellite markers from the drepanosiphid aphid Tuberculatus quercicola (Homoptera, Aphididae)
Authors: Yao Izumi , Akimoto Shin‐ICHI , Hasegawa Eisuke 
Published: November 2003

AbstractWe isolated five polymorphic microsatellite loci from the drepanosiphid aphid Tuberculatus quercicola (Matsumura) that is associated with the Daimyo oak, Quercus dentata Thunberg, using the magnetic particles method. The isolated loci were polymorphic, with four to 16 alleles in 40 aphids. Expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.4 to 0.82. These loci can be used to quantify seasonal changes in clonal diversity in the metapopulation and the extent of clonal mixing in the colonies.
Microsatellite markers from the Julia Creek dunnart, Sminthopsis douglasi (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae)
Authors: Spencer P. B. S. , Fletcher T. P. , Woolley P. A. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe Julia Creek dunnart (Sminthopsis douglasi) was not recognized as a distinct species until 1979. The description was based on three specimens held in museum collections and, prior to 1991, it was thought that the species might have become extinct. A few small populations are now known to exist but the species is currently listed as endangered. Here we characterize seven dinucleotide microsatellite loci with between two and nine alleles per locus and expected heterozygosities ranging from 0.53 to 0.91. These markers provide an additional approach to the study of the ecology and conservation status of the Julia Creek dunnart.
Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci in the endangered Portuguese freshwater fish Squalius aradensis (Cyprinidae)
Authors: Mesquita N. , Cunha C. , Hänfling B. , Carvalho G. R. , Zé‐Zé L. , Tenreiro R. , Coelho M. M. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractHere we describe the isolation and characterization of six polymorphic microsatellite loci for Squalius aradensis. The number of observed alleles per locus ranged from three to 16 and the observed heterozygosity from 0.22 to 0.95. These primers will be useful in determining the population structure of S. aradensis and for conservation genetics of this endangered and endemic species. Furthermore, successful cross‐species amplification in S. alburnoides and Chondrostoma lusitanicum suggests that a wider amplification of these markers is possible.
Evolutionary conservation and versatility of a new set of primers for amplifying the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer regions in insects and other invertebrates
Authors: Ji Ya‐Jie , Zhang De‐Xing , He Li‐Jun 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe evolutionary conservation and versatility of a new set of nuclear primers for the amplification of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer regions in insects and other invertebrates have been studied. These primers, conserved across Insecta and other invertebrates, are based on a comprehensive taxonomic survey of the current DNA sequence databases. Their versatility was demonstrated by extensive polymerase chain reaction assays in 16 species from two arachnid orders, eight insect orders, three invertebrate and vertebrate chordate orders and by direct sequencing of the amplified products. The availability of these primers to the insect research community should facilitate the use of internal transcribed spacer regions in intraspecific studies as well as phylogenetic analysis of closely related taxa.
Microsatellite markers in western hemlock [Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg]
Authors: Wellman Hugh , Pritchard Emily , Benowicz Andy , Ally Dilara , Ritland Carol 
Published: November 2003

AbstractFifteen microsatellite markers have been isolated from western hemlock [Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg] genomic DNA and six of these markers were optimized for use in mountain hemlock [Tsuga mertensiana (Bong) Carr.]. The mean expected heterozygosity (HE) was 0.88 and 0.89 for western hemlock and mountain hemlock, respectively. Allelic diversity was high for both hemlock species, ranging from 7 to 15 alleles per locus for western hemlock and 5–30 alleles per locus for mountain hemlock. The allelic variation identified in this project will allow monitoring of changes in genetic variation as a result of selection pressure in breeding programs.
Isolation of 39 polymorphic microsatellite loci and the development of a fluorescently labelled marker set for the Eurasian badger (Meles meles) (Carnivora: Mustelidae)
Authors: Carpenter Petra J. , Dawson Deborah A. , Greig Carolyn , Parham Andrew , Cheeseman Chris L. , Burke Terry 
Published: November 2003

AbstractWe have isolated 78 microsatellite loci from the Eurasian badger (Meles meles). Of the 52 loci characterized, 39 were found to be polymorphic. A fluorescently labelled primer set was developed to enable individual‐specific 17‐locus genotypes to be obtained efficiently.
Polymorphic tetranucleotide microsatellite DNA loci from the southern dusky salamander (Desmognathus auriculatus)
Authors: Croshaw Dean A. , Glenn Travis C. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractWe describe polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers and amplification conditions for seven tetranucleotide microsatellite DNA loci isolated from the southern dusky salamander (Desmognathus auriculatus). Primers were tested on 16 individuals from one population in Aiken County, South Carolina. We detected an average of 6.57 alleles per locus, an observed heterozygosity range of 0.44–0.94, and high polymorphic information contents (mean of 0.68).
Isolation of polymorphic microsatellite markers for British Euphrasia L.
Authors: French G. C. , Hollingsworth P. M. , Ennos R. A. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract Euphrasia species in Britain attract a large amount of conservation attention due to the recognition of numerous endemic taxa in what is essentially a species‐poor flora. To develop a set of research tools to investigate the evolutionary processes underlying this diversification, a membrane enrichment procedure has been used to isolate five polymorphic microsatellite loci from Euphrasia nemorosa (Pers.) Wallr. These loci amplify polymorphic products in several other British Euphrasia species.
Isolation and characterization of eight highly variable microsatellite markers in the Pacific jumping mouse (Zapus trinotatus)
Authors: Vignieri S. N. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractIn patchily distributed populations it is possible to investigate gene flow and relatedness at multiple scales. Using an enrichment procedure, I developed a suite of eight microsatellite markers in such a heterogeneously distributed species, the Pacific jumping mouse (Zapus trinotatus). The identified loci were highly polymorphic (10–36 alleles per locus) and will be valuable for investigating this species at multiple levels, from that of parentage and breeding structure within a subpopulation, to gene‐flow and population structure across populations.
Not an Innocent Pursuit: The Politics of a ‘Jewish’ Genetic Signature
Authors: Azoulay Katya Gibel 
Published: November 2003

ABSTRACTThis commentary questions the presumption in genetic research that a biological connection exists between populations identified as Jewish. The author emphasises that identifying individuals as Jewish based on biological criteria is a sociological process that can draw attention away from other social mechanisms affecting identity construction. She also encourages critical consideration of the possible racialised thinking behind genetic anthropology studies, and the language used to express genetic findings. In conclusion, she calls for a radical cultural shift in the kind of knowledge valued as significant, relevant, and beneficial to the people on whom genetic ancestry studies are carried out and she asks for attention to the political contexts surrounding all such research.
Blondes, Lost and Found: Representations of Genes, Identity, and History
Authors: Pálsson Gísli , Helgason Agnar 
Published: November 2003

ABSTRACTResearch carried out during recent decades has revealed our genome not only to be a unique mine of information about health, disease and the human condition, but also about the origin and dispersal history of the species. In this context, the genome is simply an additional source of information about human history, epistemologically no different from other historical sources. However, media and public interpretation of genetic studies of human history are complicated by the wider connotations of genes as the determinants of hereditary features and identity. We discuss two examples of media and public fascination with the interrelated themes of history, identity and heredity, pointing out some implications of historical research using genetic data in the context of our own ongoing study of Inuit groups in Greenland and Victoria Island, Canada.