bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is the Atmosphere of the Ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-121 b Variable?
Authors: Changeat Q. , Skinner J. W. , Cho J. Y-K. , Nättilä J. , Waldmann I. P. , Al-Refaie A. F. , Dyrek A. , Edwards B. , Mikal-Evans T. , Joshua M. , Morello G. , Skaf N. , Tsiaras A. , Venot O. , Yip K. H. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We present a comprehensive analysis of the Hubble Space Telescope observations of the atmosphere of WASP-121 b, an ultra-hot Jupiter. After reducing the transit, eclipse, and phase-curve observations with a uniform methodology and addressing the biases from instrument systematics, sophisticated atmospheric retrievals are used to extract robust constraints on the thermal structure, chemistry, and cloud properties of the atmosphere. Our analysis shows that the observations are consistent with a strong thermal inversion beginning at ∼104 Pa on the dayside, solar to subsolar metallicity Z (i.e.,

−
0.77
<
log
(

Z
)
<
0.05

), and supersolar C/O ratio (i.e., 0.59 < C/O < 0.87). More importantly, utilizing the high signal-to-noise ratio and repeated observations of the planet, we identify the following unambiguous time-varying signals in the data: (i) a shift of the putative hotspot offset between the two phase curves and (ii) varying spectral signatures in the transits and eclipses. By simulating the global dynamics of WASP-121 b's atmosphere at high resolution, we show that the identified signals are consistent with quasiperiodic weather patterns, hence atmospheric variability, with signatures at the level probed by the observations (∼5% to ∼10%) that change on a timescale of ∼5 planet days; in the simulations, the weather patterns arise from the formation and movement of storms and fronts, causing hot (as well as cold) patches of atmosphere to deform, separate, and mix in time.
Vivre avec les dieux la force de l’anthropologie visuelle
Authors: Augé Marc , Colleyn Jean-Paul , De Clippel Catherine , Dozon Jean-Pierre , Wittersheim Eric 
Published: February 2024

Cet article présente des extraits d’une table ronde autour de l’ouvrage Vivre avec les dieux. Sur le terrain de l’anthropologie visuelle et réunissant Marc Augé, Jean-Paul Colleyn, Catherine De Clippel, Véronique Boyer-Araújo, Eric Wittersheim en 2019 à la FMSH.
Decarbonization, Opportunities and Dilemma for Developing Countries
Authors: Aina Olushola 
Published: February 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the dilemma of third world countries in the decarbonization policy drive by drawing a comparison of power generated by third world countries and quantity of CO2 emissions against that of first world nations to ascertain third world nations' CO2 emissions.
Materials and Methods: This is achieved by conducting an extensive literature review, conducting questionnaires, and conversing with industry experts aimed at identifying and comparing sources of power generation and consumption by third-world countries and developed countries. Analysis of collected data is conducted by statistical methods to arrive at conclusive deductions regarding the implications and opportunities available for decarbonization.
Findings: The study revealed that fossil fuel still constitutes about 64% of energy generation and over 80% of the carbon dioxide (CO2) generated by human activity (around 35 billion tonnes a year) comes from burning fossil fuel. This paper proposes unique practical solutions that would ensure a smooth transition during decarbonization like unbundling the national grid and power infrastructure to create smaller and more efficient microgrids (energy efficiency), improving the energy efficiency of existing power infrastructure, proper short, midterm and long-term Government policies on energy, investments in renewable technologies like solar, wind and Nuclear, acquisition of energy storage systems, transparency to curb corruption), and more investment in homegrown technological drive.
Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Conclusively, policymakers are encouraged to take necessary steps to ensure that decarbonization can be achieved without significant challenges on infrastructural growth and development.
Longitudinal changes in peri-papillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in patients with unilateral branch retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Goda Islam , Saliem Emad A. , Mostafa Shaimaa M. , Amin Ahmed Mahmoud , Omran Mohamed Yahia , Eltantawy Basheer , Soliman Haitham Beshr , Abu El-Wafa Esam Ghanem , Abdelgbar Ahmed Abdelaleem , Abdel-Rahman Osman Hamdy Osman , Alkady Ahmad Mohammed Madianah , Alneklawi Mostafa Farid Mohammed , Abdel Hamid Nour Eldin , Elgazzar Akram Fekry , Abdella Walid Shaban , Saleh Mohamed G.A. 
Published: February 2024

Background: Associations between retinal venous occlusion (RVO), elevated intraocular pressure, and glaucoma have been reported. Further investigations into structural alterations in the fellow eyes of individuals with unilateral RVO have revealed that the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer is thinner than in healthy eyes, suggesting that there may be systemic risk factors common to both RVO and glaucoma. We aimed to evaluate changes in peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (pRNFLT) among individuals with unilateral branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).
Methods: This prospective observational study recruited 30 individuals (60 eyes) with newly diagnosed unilateral BRVO and macular edema, and a control group of 30 healthy individuals (30 eyes) with no abnormalities on fundus examination or concurrent systemic comorbidities. After baseline measurements, the participants were reassessed at 6, 12, and 24 months by measuring global and sectoral pRNFLT using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.
Results: The mean age and sex distributions were comparable between the patient and control groups (both P > 0.05). When compared to fellow eyes, global and sectoral pRNFLT in eyes with BRVO were significantly higher at baseline (all P < 0.05). Over time, pRNFLT decreased dramatically, and by the conclusion of the two-year follow-up, there was a significant reduction from baseline in the affected eyes (all P < 0.05). Likewise, affected eyes experienced a significant improvement in best-corrected distance visual acuity and central macular thickness over the two-year follow-up (both P Less than or equal to 0.001). Comparing the global and all-sector pRNFLT of fellow eyes in the patient group with those of normal eyes in the control group, there were no significant differences at any visit, except in the temporal sector, which revealed a significant reduction in pRNFLT at 24 months in the fellow eyes of patients with unilateral BRVO (P = 0.02).
Conclusions: Patients with unilateral BRVO experienced a significant reduction in pRNFLT in the affected eyes and, to a lesser extent, in the fellow eyes, compared with that of the control arm, suggesting that they are prone to retinal nerve fiber layer damage. The reduction in pRNFLT in the normal fellow eyes of patients with BRVO may be attributed to age or concurrent systemic comorbidities. Further studies with long follow-up periods are required to shed light on the etiology of functional and structural changes in both the retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell complex in the normal and affected eyes of patients with unilateral BRVO.
Symptomatic dry eye disease among university students
Authors: Al-Zubi Khalid M. , Al-Kubaisy Waqar A. , Al-Azzeh Yazan E. , Batayneh Batool K. , Alqaraleh Hazim A. , Abid Loay A. , Al-Majali Ghazi O. Al-Jadid , Alhajaj Noor T 
Published: February 2024

Background: Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial condition often characterized by a reduction in tear film quantity or quality. This study aimed to determine the frequency of DED and its associated subjective symptoms among students of Mu’tah University.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study conducted at Mu’tah University, Mu’tah, Jordan, from January to April 2022, 489 students completed an online patient-reported DED symptom questionnaire and the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire. Moreover, 106 participants underwent clinical examinations using the Schirmer test I and fluorescein tear breakup time (TBUT).
Results: Approximately 74.6% of the students self-reported experiencing DED symptoms, and 72.6% had an OSDI score > 12, which is considered the threshold for an abnormal ocular surface. Clinical examinations revealed low Schirmer test scores (< 10 mm) in 26.4% (n = 28) and 25.5% (n = 27) of the right and left eyes, respectively. We observed low TBUT scores (< 5 s) in 19.8% (n = 21) and 18.9% (n = 20) of the right and left eyes, respectively. We noted significant differences between the self-reported DED symptoms and the Schirmer test scores (P = 0.003 for both right and left eyes), TBUT (P < 0.001 for both right and left eyes), and OSDI score (P < 0.001 for each self-reported DED symptom). We observed a weak significant positive correlation between Schirmer test scores and TBUT in the right (r = + 0.30; P = 0.002) and left (r = + 0.34; P < 0.001) eyes; a negligible significant inverse correlation between OSDI scores and Schirmer test scores in the right (r = - 0.24; P = 0.013) and left (r = - 0.23; P = 0.019) eyes; and a negligible significant inverse correlation between the OSDI score and TBUT of the left eye (r = - 0.25; P = 0.011) but not of the right eye (r = - 0.17; P = 0.077).
Conclusions: The frequency of DED symptoms in this study was higher than that previously reported based on foreign statistics. The presence of self-reported DED symptoms was significantly associated with higher OSDI scores. Self-reported DED symptoms were more frequent than the abnormalities detected using objective methods. Therefore, a combination of subjective and objective measures may provide a higher diagnostic yield for DED. Further studies are required to confirm this hypothesis.
Frequency and visual outcomes of herpes simplex keratitis in a Kuwaiti tertiary referral center
Authors: Lotfy Nancy M. , Aldhefeery Nora , Alenezi Mariam N. , Alherz Yousuf , Ali Yousef Taleb 
Published: February 2024

Background: Herpes simplex virus (HSV), a cause of many ocular pathologies, may affect the corneal epithelium, stroma, or endothelium, with the epithelium as the most frequently affected location. We aimed to determine the frequency and visual outcomes of HSV keratitis over a 1-year period at Farwaniya Hospital, Kuwait.
Methods: This prospective observational case series included patients diagnosed with HSV keratitis who presented to the outpatient or eye casualty department between September 2022 and September 2023. Full history, demographic profile, detailed ocular and slit-lamp examinations, and visual acuity assessments were recorded prior to and after treatment. Baseline corneal sensation was assessed in the four corneal quadrants using the cotton wisp test.
Results: Of the 227 patients who presented with infectious keratitis, 72 (31.7%) were diagnosed with HSV keratitis. The mean (SD) age was 45.86 (16.06) years, and 48 (66.7%) patients were male. The subtypes of HSV keratitis were endotheliitis in 27 (37.5%) patients, dendritic ulcer in 22 (30.6%), stromal keratitis with ulceration in 9 (12.5%) and without ulceration in 8 (11.1%), and geographic ulcer in 6 (8.3%). The mean baseline best-corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA) differed significantly between the HSV keratitis subtypes (P < 0.001). Most patients (n = 70, 97.2%) had unilateral eye involvement, were treated within 1 – 2 weeks, and demonstrated improved BCDVA. Despite the improvement in BCDVA in all HSV keratitis subtypes, a significant difference in the median BCDVA remained after treatment (P < 0.001). Pairwise comparisons revealed a significantly better BCDVA after treatment in eyes with dendritic epithelial ulcers than in eyes with HSV stromal keratitis with ulceration (P = 0.003) or geographic epithelial ulcers (P = 0.005). After treatment, corneal haze and neovascularization were detected in 54 (75.0%) and 24 (33.3%) patients, respectively.
Conclusions: We detected a substantial frequency of HSV keratitis in one of the governorates of Kuwait, with endotheliitis as the most common manifestation. Timely standard treatment interventions based on valid guidelines resulted in BCDVA improvement in all subtypes of HSV keratitis in our series, indicating the importance of early treatment. However, the BCDVA in eyes with dendritic epithelial ulcers remained substantially better than that in eyes with geographic epithelial ulcers or HSV stromal keratitis with ulceration, signifying the effect of the initial HSV keratitis subtype on visual outcomes. To our knowledge, this is the first study to highlight the frequency of HSV keratitis in a Kuwaiti hospital, and larger-scale research in this region is needed to further understand and manage the condition.
Sex-related differences in Cushing's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Alqeeq Basel F. , Ayyad Mohammed , Almadhoun Waseem J. , Aboabdo Mohammad , Aldahdouh Mosheer S. , Al-Tawil Mohammed , Al-Ghazali Ahmed M. 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Cushing's disease is a rare endocrine disorder. This review aimed to examine sex-specific differences in Cushing's disease.

DESIGN AND SETTINGS:
A meta-analysis was performed on published articles discussing the gender impact of Cushing's disease.

METHODS:
A systematic search was conducted to identify studies from Medline, Embase, CENTRAL and Scopus. Nine studies enrolling 1047 patients diagnosed with Cushing's disease were included in this meta-analysis.

RESULTS:

Male patients presented at a younger age (MD [mean difference]=−5.43; 95% CI [−5.78, −5.08];
P
<.00001) than females. Male patients had a significantly higher prevalence of osteoporosis (RR [risk ratio]=1.75; 95% CI [1.36, 225];
P
<.0001) and hypokalemia (RR=1.66; 95% CI [1.27, 2.16];
P
=.0002). In addition, males had significantly higher rates of negative magnetic resonance imaging (RR=1.53; 95% CI [1.18, 2.0];
P
=.002). No sex difference was observed in the prevalence of diabetes (RR=0.92; 95% CI [0.70, 1.22]);
P
=.57) and dyslipidemia (RR=1.33; 95% CI [0.88, 2.0];
P
=.17).

CONCLUSION:
Cushing's disease has a worse clinical presentation in males and more diagnostic difficulties compared to females.
SAMM version 1.0: a numerical model for microbial- mediated soil aggregate formation
Authors: Laub Moritz , Blagodatsky Sergey , Van de Broek Marijn , Schlichenmaier Samuel , Kunlanit Benjapon , Six Johan , Vityakon Patma , Cadisch Georg 
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Maintaining soil organic matter (SOM) is crucial for healthy and productive agricultural soils and requires understanding at the process level, including the role of SOM protection by soil aggregates and the connection between microbial growth and aggregate formation. We developed the Soil Aggregation through Microbial Mediation (SAMM) model, to represent this important connection. The pools of SAMM are fully measurable, and we calibrated and evaluated it against data from a long-term bare fallow experiment in a tropical sandy soil. This experiment received additions of plant litter of different compositions, which resulted in twice the soil carbon stocks in the best treatment compared to the control (about 8 vs. 4 t C ha−1 in 0–15 cm soil depth) after 25 years. As hypothesized, the SAMM model effectively represented the microbial growth response after the addition of litter and the subsequent formation and later destabilization of aggregates. The low correlations between different calibrated model parameters (r<0.5 for all parameters; r>0.4 for only 4 of 22) showed that SAMM is parsimonious. SAMM was able to capture differences between treatments in soil organic carbon (Nash–Sutcliffe modeling efficiency (EF) of 0.68), microbial nitrogen (EF of 0.24), and litter carbon (EF of 0.80). The amount of carbon within the aggregates (EF of 0.60) and in the free silt and clay fraction (EF of 0.24) was also simulated very well to satisfactorily. Our model results suggested that in spite of the sandy soil, up to 50 % of carbon stocks were stabilized through aggregate protection mechanisms; and that microbial and physical aggregate formation coexists. A version of the SAMM model without aggregate protection (SAMMnoAgg) initially failed to stabilize soil organic carbon (EF decreased to −3.68) and the simulation of microbial nitrogen worsened (EF of 0.13). By recalibrating SAMMnoAgg, it was possible to partially correct for the lack of aggregate protection by reducing the rate of mineral-attached carbon decomposition by about 85 % (EF of 0.68, 0.75, and 0.18 for SOC, litter carbon, and microbial nitrogen, respectively). However, the slightly better evaluation statistics of SAMM (e.g., Akaike information criterion of 5351 vs. 5554) suggest that representing aggregate dynamics in SOM models can be beneficial and necessary to understand the mechanism behind SOM dynamics. Our results indicate that current models without aggregate formation partly compensate for the absence of aggregate protection by lowering the turnover rates of other pools. Thus, they remain suitable options where data on aggregate associated carbon are not available.
SPONSORLUĞUN EĞİTİM KALİTESİNE ETKİSİ
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Ferhat 
Published: February 2024

Bu makale nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman tarama modeli kullanılarak yürütülmüş ve sponsorluğun eğitim kalitesine etkisinin incelenmesi amacıyla hazırlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda alanyazın taranmış ve eğitim ile sponsorluk kavramları mercek altına alınmıştır. Özellikle sponsorluğun eğitime olan etkileri üzerinde durulmuştur.
Elde edilen bulgular neticesinde sponsorluğun eğitim üzerinde ciddi olumsuz etkilerinin olduğu görülmüştür. Özellikle de eğitim kurumlarının ve öğrencilerin daha başarılı olmaları için ihtiyaçları olan maddi desteğin sağlanması açısından sponsorluk faaliyetleri oldukça önemlidir. Sponsorlar da bu ihtiyaçları karşılamak için finansal kaynaklar sağlarken, aynı zamanda marka değerlerini artırma, imajlarını şekillendirme ve hedef kitlelerle daha etkili iletişim kurma fırsatı bulurlar.
The effect of the Speech and Language therapy in adults with Temporomandibular disorder: A systematic review
Authors: Martins Rodrigues Sara , Tello Rato Milheiras Rodrigues Inês , Moreira Casanova Vieira Helena Isabel 
Published: February 2024

Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is considered the second most common musculoskeletal pathology. The purpose of this review is to systematically assess the role of the speech and language therapy (SLT) in adults with TMD. A search was conducted in PubMed-Central, ScienceDirect, Scielo and Academic Search Complete (via EBSCOHost) databases. The research was independently carried out by two researchers, considering primary studies without any time limit. The articles were assessed independently for screening, selection, and duplication of results. Evidence analysis was performed using the “Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies” scale. A total of 99 articles were extracted for full reading, but only 10 were integrated into the final sample. Most included articles (n=8) were classified with a “weak” level of evidence. Agreement between observers on which studies to include was very high. The results of the studies associate the primary intervention of SLT with myofunctional therapy. The most described intervention strategies are thermotherapy, relaxation, massage therapy, myotherapy, and functional training of oral functions, although their methodology and application details are not fully specified in the literature. The use of laser and electrostimulation in SLT is starting to be explored as a prior approach to intervention, but its effectiveness is not yet firmly established. The team intervention is described as fundamental for a successful TMD intervention. The role of SLT in TMD is beginning to be described and valued, however, the criteria for choosing best practices and their effects are not yet fully described and verified in the literature.
АЙРЫМ КМШ ЖАНА ЕБ ӨЛКӨЛӨРҮНДӨ ЭЛ АРАЛЫК СООДА АРБИТРАЖДЫН МААНИЛҮҮ КӨЙГӨЙЛӨРҮ
Authors: Төлөгөн уулу Талант , Атантаев Актилек , Курбаналиев Алтынбек 
Published: February 2024

Бул илимий макалада Европа биримдигине жана көз карандысыз мамлекеттердин шериктештигине кирген айрым өлкөлордөгу эл аралык коммерциялык арбитраждын орду. Тийиштүү өлөлөрдүн улуттук мызамдарынын арбитраждык сотордун иш алып барууларына таасир этүүсү жана бейтарап соттордун чечимдерин таануу, аткаруудагы көйгөлөр. Баса белгилеп өтсөк кээ бир өлкөлөрдө бей тарап соттор салттуу сотторго айланган, бул эмнеден кабар берет ошол өлкөнүн жарандарынын укуктук жактан өнүгүүсүнөн, эркиндиктеринен, соттордун көз карандыксыздыгын жана мамлекеттин жарандар үчүн шарт түзгөндүгүн кабарлайт. Макаланын максаты коңшу өлкөлөрдөгү эл аралык соода арбитрлардын иш аракеттериндеги көйгөйлөрдү салыштыруу менен ачып көрсөтүү.
Mecánica de fluidos para ingeniería ambiental
Authors: Lain Beatove Santiago , Herrán de la Cruz Carlos Alberto 
Published: February 2024

Este texto constituye una guía práctica de estudio de la asignatura Mecánica de fluidos ambiental y su conexión con la Hidráulica. En ella, cada capítulo contiene una exposición muy sucinta de los conceptos básicos fundamentales, seguida por una colección de problemas resultos y terminada con una selección de problemas propuestos para que los futuros ingenieros ambientales y de áreas afines ejerciten sus conocimientos. Se destaca la inclusión de un capítulo específico dedicado a los reactores ideales medioambienales, los cuales son una herramienta básica en el análisis integral de problemas en ingeniería. Dichos reactores se presentan como casos particulares de aplicación de las leyes generales que rigen la Mecánica de Fluidos y sus soluciones se abordan utilizando una metodología general trascendiendo las aproximaciones caso por caso habiturales en los textos de ingeniería y ciencias ambientales.
РЕЛИГИОЗНЫЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ ОСМАНСКОЙ ИМПЕРИИ С КОКАНДСКИМ ХАНСТВОМ ПО АРХИВНЫМ МАТЕРИАЛАМ
Authors: Абдыкулова Р.А. 
Published: February 2024

В данной работе предметом исследования является связь со сведениями о после, совершившем паломничество во времена Коконского ханства XIX века, который доставил письмо султану через Стамбул. Цель исследования – перевести и проанализировать архивный документ, выявить его место в истории Центральной Азии. Методы исследования - архивные документы состоящие из четырех частей и их расшифровка, перевод на кыргызский язык, анализ. Результатом исследования является то, что те, кто служили послами религиозных связей с Османским государством в период Коконского ханства, использовали свое положение для решения собственных проблем. Научная ценность исследования заключается в том, что оно представляет собой новый архивный источник эпохи Коконского ханства. Практическая значимость полученных результатов заключается в использовании архивного документа как источника по истории Кыргызстана XIX века. Будущее исследований – перевод таких архивных источников и анализ их с исторической точки зрения.