bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NID67, a small putative membrane protein, is preferentially induced by NGF in PC12 pheochromocytoma cells
Authors: Vician Linda , Silver Abigail L. , Farias‐Eisner Robin , Herschman Harvey R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn an effort to identify genes involved in neuronal differentiation, we have used representational difference analysis (RDA) to clone cDNAs that are preferentially induced by nerve growth factor (NGF) vs. epidermal growth factor (EGF) in PC12 pheochromocytoma cells. We now report the cloning of a previously unknown primary response gene, NID67. In addition to a robust induction by NGF and FGF, both of which cause PC12 cells to differentiate, NID67 is strongly induced by forskolin, A23187 and ATP. EGF, TPA and KCl induce NID67 only weakly. NID67 mRNA is most abundant in heart, ovary and adrenal. Modest levels are present in most brain regions, testis, thyroid, thymus, pituitary, kidney and intestine; little NID67 is present in skeletal muscle and cerebellum. The NID67 cDNA contains a 180 bp open reading frame (ORF) that encodes a 60 amino acid protein. The central 29 amino acids are very hydrophobic and very likely comprise a transmembrane domain. Mouse and human NID67 cDNAs contain an ORF similar to NID67; the rat and human protein sequences are 85% identical whereas the rat and mouse sequences are 92% identical. In vitro transcription and translation reactions confirmed that the ORF we identified produces a 6000 Da protein product. Several small membrane proteins are similar to NID67; they contain a transmembrane domain and little more. All of these proteins participate in forming or regulating ion channels. NID67 may play a similar role in cellular physiology. J. Neurosci. Res. 64:108–120, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improvement of reproducibility for quantitative analysis of real samples by NIR FT‐Raman spectroscopy using a thermal box
Authors: Ito Kazuhiro , Kato Tadaya , Ona Toshihiro 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNear‐infrared Fourier transform Raman (FT) spectroscopy is a powerful analytical method, but, quantitative analysis is often difficult owing to changes in the environmental temperature. The feasibility of using a commercial FT‐Raman spectrometer (equipped with an InGaAs detector operated at room temperature) in a thermal box to obtain ±0.1 °C with minimum investment was examined for the quantitative analysis of real samples (polystyrene and cellulose). The reproducibility was improved significantly by using a thermal box and this was also demonstrated for both solid‐ and powder‐state samples, even in the practical range of room temperature (15.0–22.0 or 22.5 °C). Since the effect of both samples and laser could be ignored in this study, the thermal effect causing the decease in reproducibility was concluded to be the response of the detector. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural study on acid‐induced unfolding intermediates of myoglobin by using UV resonance Raman scattering from tryptophan residues
Authors: Hashimoto Shinji , Fukasaka Jyun‐ichi , Takeuchi Hideo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractUltraviolet resonance Raman spectra of sperm whale myoglobin were examined at various pH in the presence and absence of a helix‐stabilizing anion, SO42−. Sperm whale myoglobin contains two Trp residues (Trp7 and Trp14) in helix A. The 229 nm excited Raman spectra of metmyoglobin and apomyoglobin in the native form at pH 7 show that these Trp residues are located in hydrophobic environments and their indole nitrogen atoms are hydrogen bonded to proton acceptors, presumably to water molecules. The Raman intensity of Trp decreases in two successive steps as the pH is lowered. The intensity decrease in the transition from the native form to an unfolding intermediate at pH 4 is ascribable to a decrease in environmental hydrophobicity of Trp14 caused by unfolding of helix E, from which the hydrophobic side‐chains of three Leu residues protrude toward Trp14 in the native structure. Addition of 30 mM SO42− to a solution of the unfolding intermediate results in a marked change of the Trp14 side‐chain torsion angle, |χ2,1|, as evidenced by a wavenumber shift and an increase in bandwidth of the W3 band of Trp. The fully unfolded form at pH 2 is partially refolded by the binding of SO42−. Although the secondary structure of the refolded form is similar to that of the unfolding intermediate, the tertiary structure differs between the two forms. Ultraviolet resonance Raman scattering from Trp residues is a good probe for protein structure in the folding or unfolding pathway. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In situ micro Raman investigation of electrochemically formed halide and pseudohalide films on mercury electrodes
Authors: Brolo Alexandre G. , Odziemkowski Marek , Porter Julia , Irish Donald E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOxidation of pure mercury electrodes was followed by in situ surface‐unenhanced Raman spectroscopy. A special spectroelectrochemical cell allowed the observation of spectral features of the oxidation products using a Raman microprobe. The electrochemical behaviour of mercury in basic solution, halide (F−, Cl−, Br− and I−) and pseudohalide (SCN−) media was investigated. Insoluble films were formed during the anodic processes in all these systems. The identities of the electrochemically generated films were clearly determined from the Raman spectra. The main product of the electrochemical oxidation of mercury in basic solutions was solid HgO. The anodic behaviour of mercury in the presence of halide yielded insoluble Hg2X2 compounds (where X is the halide). The time dependence of the Raman signals indicated a diffusion‐controlled growth of the halide films. The oxidation of mercury in SCN− solutions also produced a solid precipitate [Hg2(SCN)2]. Raman bands due to soluble mercury(II) thiocyanate complexes [Hg(SCN)x2−x], present in the electrochemical diffusion layer, were also observed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implementing strategic innovation: supporting people over the design and implementation boundary
Authors: Braganza Ashley , Ward John 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOrganizations especially those that are large and mature need to undertake strategic innovation (i.e. design and implement radical change) as a result of environmental dynamism. Business leaders have to craft the direction and magnitude of the change.Much of the current literature deals with the design aspects of innovative strategic change and the probable causes of failure at the implementation stage. Researchers and practitioners agree that people are often at the centre of strategic innovations failing.This paper examines how ICL, a major technology organization, created and deployed a holistic business process for managing people through a strategic innovation.Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Volatile flavour compounds in suspension culture of Agastache rugosa Kuntze (Korean mint)
Authors: Kim Tae Hwan , Shin Joong Han , Baek Hyung Hee , Lee Hyong Joo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFor the production of volatile flavour compounds from Agastache rugosa Kuntze (Korean mint) suspension culture, callus was obtained from the leaves of A rugosa. Cell growth of A rugosa suspension culture was improved when cells were cultivated in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 50 g l−1 sucrose and 1 mg l−1 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Volatiles were isolated from a 15‐day‐old suspension culture by liquid–liquid continuous extraction and identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. 3‐Hydroxy‐2‐butanone was the most abundant compound, followed by 2,4,5‐trimethyl‐3‐oxazoline, 1,2,4‐trimethylbenzene and 1,3‐butanediol. However, the volatile profile of the suspension culture was totally different from that of the intact plant. Fourteen aroma‐active compounds were detected by aroma extract dilution analysis. The most potent aroma‐active compounds representing characteristic aroma of A rugosa suspension culture were 2,3‐butanedione (buttery/cheese), (E,Z)‐2,6‐nonadienal (cucumber/melon) and (E,Z)‐2,6‐nonadien‐1‐ol (cucumber/sweet). Some alcohols and unknown compounds are thought to contribute to the wine‐like aroma characteristics of A rugosa suspension culture. Through a time course study, A rugosa suspension culture was revealed to have an inverse relationship between cell growth and flavour production.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Rate constants for the reaction of Cl atoms with O3 at temperatures from 298 to 184 K
Authors: Beach Simon D. , Smith Ian W. M. , Tuckett Richard P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractUsing the standard, low pressure, discharge‐flow technique, with resonance fluorescence in the vacuum ultraviolet to observe Cl atoms, rate constants have been determined for the reaction of Cl atoms with O3 at temperatures down to 184 K. The measured rate constants for 298–184 K fit the Arrhenius expression

k(T) = (3.1 ± 1.35) × 10−11 exp((−280 ±100 K)/T) cm3 molecule−1 s−1.
The results extend the data on this key atmospheric reaction to slightly lower temperatures. The data are in fairly good agreement with those currently in the literature but suggest that the rate constant is approximately 15% lower than that given by currently recommended rate expressions at the lowest temperatures found in the stratosphere.© 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 34: 104–109, 2002
Measurement of the binding forces between von Willebrand factor and variants of platelet glycoprotein Ibα using optical tweezers
Authors: Arya Maneesh , López José A. , Romo Gabriel M. , Dong Jing‐Fei , McIntire Larry V. , Moake Joel L. , Anvari Bahman 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThrombus formation is initiated by adhesion of the platelet receptor, glycoprotein (GP) Ib‐IX‐V complex, to its adhesive ligand, von Willebrand factor (vWf), in the subendothelium or plasma. The vWf‐binding domain of GP Ib‐IX‐V is in the GP Ibα subunit of the complex and contains a leucine‐rich repeat region. The adhesion of different leucine‐rich repeats was studied using optical tweezers in order to determine which ones were critical for the vWf/GP Ibα interaction.Study Design/Materials and MethodsCanine GP Ibα does not normally bind to human vWf, and thus canine‐human GP Ibα chimeras were constructed by sequentially replacing human GP Ibα structural regions with their canine counterparts. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, which are frequently used to express platelet GP complexes, were transfected with the chimeric proteins. Optical tweezers (λ = 830 nm) were used to investigate bond strengths between vWf and different GP Ibα canine‐human chimeras. Since vWf does not bind GP Ibα without high shear stress, the compounds botrocetin and ristocetin were used to induce binding between human vWf and the chimeras.ResultsAll human‐canine GP Ibα chimeras bound to vWf in the presence of botrocetin. Replacement of the N‐terminal flanking sequence and the first leucine‐rich repeat resulted in lower GP Ibα/vWf bond strengths than the wild‐type human GP Ibα/vWf bond strength (P < 0.05). Chimeras lacking the second leucine‐rich repeat did not adhere to vWf with ristocetin acting as modulator.ConclusionThe N‐terminal flanking sequence and the first leucine‐rich repeat of GP Ibα were found to be important but not necessary for GP Ibα to adhere to vWf. The second leucine‐rich repeat was found to be critical for GP Ibα to bind vWf and could potentially be used in the development of a novel recombinant anti‐thrombotic drugs. Lasers Surg. Med. 30:306–312, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of oligonucleotide complexes with drugs, metals, and proteins
Authors: Beck Jennifer L. , Colgrave Michelle L. , Ralph Stephen F. , Sheil Margaret M. 
Published: August 2002

Abstract

I.
Introduction
61

II.
Binding of Small Molecules to DNA
62

A.   Covalent Binding
62

B.   Reversible (Noncovalent) DNA‐Binding Agents
65

III.
DNA–Metal Ion Complexes
67

A.   Platinum Complexes
70

B.   Other Metal Ions
73

IV.
DNA–Protein Complexes
74

A.   Introduction
74

B.   ESI‐MS of DNA–Protein Complexes
76

C.   ESI‐MS Analysis of Proteolytic Products of DNA–Protein Complexes
79

D.   ESI‐MS of Ternary DNA–Protein–Ligand Complexes
80

V.
Conclusions
80

Abbreviations
81

References
81

Interactions of DNA with drugs, metal ions, and proteins are important in a wide variety of biological processes. With the advent of electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI), mass spectrometry (MS) is now a well‐established tool for the characterization of the primary structures of biopolymers. The gentle nature of the ESI process, however, means that ESI‐MS is also finding application for the study of noncovalent and other fragile biomolecular complexes. We outline here the progress, to date, in the use of ESI‐MS for the study of noncovalent drug—DNA and protein—DNA complexes together with strategies that can be employed to examine the binding of small molecules and metal complexes to DNA. In the case of covalent complexes with DNA, sequence information can be derived from ESI‐MS used in conjunction with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and/or enzymatic digestion. MS/MS can also be used to probe the relative binding affinities of drugs that bind to DNA via noncovalent interactions. Overall, the work in this area, to date has demonstrated that ESI‐MS and MS/MS will prove to be valuable complements to other structural methods, offering advantages in terms of speed, specificity, and sensitivity. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 20: 61–87, 2001
Transgene stability and features of rasH2 mice as an animal model for short‐term carcinogenicity testing
Authors: Suemizu Hiroshi , Muguruma Kaori , Maruyama Chika , Tomisawa Masashi , Kimura Minoru , Hioki Kyoji , Shimozawa Nobuhiro , Ohnishi Yasuyuki , Tamaoki Norikazu , Nomura Tatsuji 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe transgenic mouse rasH2 line, in which the mouse carries the human c‐Ha‐ras gene under the control of its own enhancer and promoter, has been proposed as one of the alternative short‐term models for carcinogenicity testing. To apply this purpose, we have produced a genetically homogeneous population as C57BL/6JJic‐TgN(RASH2) (Tg‐rasH2) by continuous backcrossing. In this study, we examined the transgene stability between different generations and the detailed transgene architecture of the integrated human c‐Ha‐ras gene. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis showed that the integrated human c‐Ha‐ras gene was stably located on chromosome 15E3 in Tg‐rasH2 mice at generation number (N) 15 and 20. Southern and Northern blot analysis did not show any differences in the hybridized band pattern in each generation. Southern blot analyses showed that the Tg‐rasH2 mouse contained three copies of the human c‐Ha‐ras gene arrayed in a head‐to‐tail configuration. We also determined the nucleotide sequence of the transgene in the Tg‐rasH2 mouse at N20 and confirmed that the sequence of the coding region was perfectly matched with human c‐Ha‐ras cDNA. Cloning and sequencing of genome/transgene junctions revealed that integration of the microinjected human c‐Ha‐ras gene into mouse host genome resulted in a 1820‐bp deletion in the rasH2 line. The deleted sequence did not have any sequence homologies with known functional genes. We assumed that either the deletion or the transgene insertion, or both, would not cause insertional mutation. In short‐term carcinogenicity testing with a genetically engineered mouse model, confirmation of the transgene or modified gene stability at each generation is one of the important factors that affect the sensitivity to carcinogenic compounds in the same way as the genetic background, age and route of administration. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Model and interactive algorithm of bi‐level multi‐objective decision‐making with multiple interconnected decision makers
Authors: Shi Xinping , Xia Hong Sheng 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFurthering a prior research on two‐person bi‐level multi‐objective decision‐making problems of the leader‐follower Stackelberg game, we present an extended model of bi‐level multi‐objective decision‐making with multiple interconnected decision makers at the lower level. In the model, the upper level decision maker acts as a leader and the lower level decision makers behave as the followers, and inter‐connections and interactions exist among these followers in decision‐making scenarios. Following the rules of leader‐follower Stackelberg game, we develop an interactive algorithm of the model for solving multi‐objective decision‐making problems and reflecting the interactive natures among the decision makers. Finally, the authors exemplify the model and algorithm, and draw a conclusion on points of contributions and the significance of this study in decision‐making and support. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neural mechanisms underlying peak‐dose dyskinesia induced by levodopa and apomorphine are distinct: Evidence from the effects of the alpha2 adrenoceptor antagonist idazoxan
Authors: Fox Susan H. , Henry Brian , Hill Micheal P. , Peggs David , Crossman Alan R. , Brotchie Jonathan M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDyskinesia, secondary to dopamine replacement therapy, is the major complication of currently available therapies for Parkinson's disease. Alpha2 adrenoceptor antagonists, such as idazoxan, can significantly reduce levodopa‐induced dyskinesia in the 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)‐lesioned, nonhuman primate model of Parkinson's disease and in human. This action of adrenoceptor antagonists may involve blockade of the actions of noradrenaline synthesised from levodopa. We hypothesise that, because dopamine receptor agonists, such as apomorphine, cannot be metabolised to produce noradrenaline, activation of adrenoceptors may not be involved in dyskinesia produced by such agents. If this were the case, idazoxan would not be expected to reduce apomorphine‐induced dyskinesia.MPTP‐lesioned marmosets with stable dyskinesia induced by prolonged levodopa therapy were given an acute challenge with apomorphine (0.3 mg/kg s.c.) or levodopa (8.0 mg/kg p.o.), these doses produced equivalent peak‐dose dyskinesia. Idazoxan (2.5 mg/kg p.o.), or vehicle, was then administered with either apomorphine or levodopa. Idazoxan abolished levodopa‐induced dyskinesia but did not affect apomorphine‐induced dyskinesia (P < 0.05 and P > 0.05, respectively, Wilcoxon matched pairs test). Idazoxan also extended the anti‐parkinsonian actions of levodopa but did not affect those of apomorphine.The pharmacological characteristics of the neural mechanisms underlying levodopa‐induced dyskinesia and apomorphine‐induced dyskinesia in parkinsonism thus appear to be distinct, at least with respect to the involvement of alpha2 adrenoceptors. Specifically, levodopa, but not apomorphine‐induced dyskinesia, involves activation of adrenoceptors. This finding may have major implications for understanding dyskinesia and should be borne in mind when designing clinical studies in which levodopa or dopamine receptor agonist challenges are employed to assess potential anti‐dyskinetic properties of drugs. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Effect of anisotropic permeability on Darcy's law
Authors: Payne L. E. , Rodrigues J. F. , Straughan B. 
Published: August 2002

Abstract The concept of structural stability is discussed and briefly reviewed within the context of fluid flow in porous media. Then the equations for non‐Boussinesq (penetrative) convection in a porous medium with anisotropic permeability are analysed. It is shown, by deriving truly a priori estimates, that the solution exists in the natural functional framework and depends continuously on changes in the permeability. Since under appropriate circumstances the onset of thermal convection may be via Hopf bifurcation rather than stationary convection, such a priori continuous dependence estimates are of much value. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A fast, higher order three‐dimensional finite‐element analysis of microwave waveguide devices
Authors: Liu Jian , Jin Jian‐Ming , Yung Edward K. N. , Chen Ru Shan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA fast, higher order three‐dimensional finite‐element method is presented for the efficient and accurate analysis of microwave waveguide devices. Two solution algorithms are designed. The first one uses mixed‐order triangular prism elements in conjunction with a special frontal solver. It has a very low memory requirement, and is extremely fast for waveguide devices with one dimension longer than the other two. However, the solution must be repeated at each frequency. The second solution algorithm employs higher order tetrahedral elements, which are particularly suitable for modeling complex devices, in conjunction with the multifrontal solver. This algorithm has the major advantage that it can be combined with the asymptotic waveform evaluation and complex frequency‐hopping techniques to perform fast frequency‐sweep calculations to obtain the response of a device over a wide band. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the performance of both solution algorithms and their higher order convergence. It is shown that, using the first solution algorithm, the solution accuracy increases with the order of elements for a fixed number of unknowns, while the computing time and memory requirements remain basically unchanged. With the second solution algorithm, the solution accuracy improves even faster with the increase in the order of elements for a fixed number of unknowns, and very surprisingly, the computing time and memory requirements actually decrease sometimes. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 344–352, 2002.
Comparison of the experimental performance of ferroelectric CPW circuits with method‐of‐moment simulations and conformal mapping analysis
Authors: Van Keuls F. W. , Chevalier C. T. , Miranda F. A. , Carlson C. M. , Rivkin T. V. , Parilla P. A. , Perkins J. D. , Ginley D. S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractExperimental measurements of coplanar waveguide circuits atop thin films of ferroelectric BaxSr1−xTiO3 (BST) were made as a function of dc bias from 0 to 200 V and frequency from 0.045 to 20 GHz. The resulting phase shifts are compared with method‐of‐moments electromagnetic simulations and a conformal mapping analysis to determine the dielectric constant of the BST films. The accuracy of the resulting dielectric constants is analyzed and compared to low‐frequency measurements of interdigitated capacitor circuits on the same films. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 34–37, 2001.
FDTD analysis and design of probe‐fed dual‐polarized circular stacked patch antenna*
Authors: Paul Dominique L. , Craddock Ian J. , Railton Chris J. , Fletcher Paul N. , Dean Michael 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis contribution shows that the FDTD technique is an effective design tool for producing dual‐polarized circular stacked patch antennas. Computational requirements may be minimized by careful modeling of the coaxial feedline, including the use of mode filtering at the aperture plane of the antenna. The design process for an antenna at a frequency of 4.7 GHz is described, and results obtained for return loss and coupling between the two ports of the antenna and radiation patterns are presented. These are in very good agreement with experimental data. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 223–226, 2001.
Reflective antenna efficiency measurements in reverberation chambers
Authors: Hallbjörner Paul 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTraditional reverberation chamber antenna measurements consist of transmission measurements between a fixed antenna inside the chamber and the antenna under test. A novel method for measuring antenna efficiency is presented, in which only the reflection coefficient of the antenna under test is measured. Measurements indicate that the method is accurate. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 30: 332–335, 2001.