bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generalised transformation relations for (1+1) dimensional motion of superluminal particles
Authors: Srivast Vivek Kumar , Verma Alok Kumar , Vaish Garmia 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Here, we have proposed new transformation relations between two inertial frames with relative velocity greater than speed of light and discussed the required conditions to detect the faster than light particles in physical realm. For this a novel theoretical formulation is conceptualized to uniquely depict the frame of references, valid for all ranges of velocities, in a complex plane. For the tachyonic regime, the super-relativistic gamma (SRG) factor is obtained by parameterizing the generalised gamma factor using the complementary frames of reference of superluminal and subluminal space. This generalised gamma factor can also be reduced in the form of Lorentz factor for subluminal frame of references. The formulation of transformation relations has been analysed in four different classes, i.e., two inter and two intra classes of frames, for subluminal and superluminal particles. Further, it is suggested that intra classes of frames encompass a real gamma factor, whilst, inter classes of frames involve imaginary gamma factor. Velocity addition relations have been deduced and discussed corresponding to each transformation relations. To the end of this work, a generalized gamma factor has been concluded and validated for both frames of references.
Boron-mediated One-pot Access to Salicylaldehydes via ortho-C–H hydroxylation of benzaldehydes
Authors: Wang Ruiyang , Feng Xu , Feng Boya , Chen Yu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

A novel protocol has been devised for the ortho-C–H hydroxylation of benzaldehydes. Directed by a transient imine group, the borylation of benzaldehydes, sequentially followed by the hydroxylation, furnishes diverse salicylaldehydes in a one-pot manner. The metal-free condition is compatible with various benzaldehyde derivatives, including those with electron-withdrawn halogen groups. The transformation is also highly regioselective, cost-effective and practical. The resultant salicylaldehydes could be readily applied in the downstream synthesis to produce bioactive molecules such as coumarin and benzofuran.
DDoS Analysis: The Effect of Version Number Attack in RPL
Authors: Sayed Ammar Ibrahim El , Abdelaziz Mahmoud , Hussein Mohamed , Elbayoumy Ashraf D. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper examines the Version Number Attack (VNA), which is a specialized form of Denial of Service (DoS) threat, within the context of the Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The research explores the dynamics and impacts of VNAs conducted by multiple attackers, including an in-depth look at the complex Hulk DDoS attack variant. The study systematically assesses instantaneous power consumption, average radio duty cycle, and overall power consumption.By providing a detailed analysis of the threat landscape, the study offers valuable insights into the vulnerabilities of RPL-based networks. It serves as a foundational study for strategies for behavior advanced multi-attacker scenarios.
Strong programmed cell death ligand-1 affect clinical outcomes in advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Authors: Niu Jiling , Jing Xuquan , Xu Qinhao , Liu Haoyu , Tian Yaru , Yang Zhengqiang , Zhu Hui , Sun Yulan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the standard treatment for advanced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation-positive lung adenocarcinoma. In first/second generation EGFR-TKIs, strong programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression contributes to primary resistance, significantly affecting patient prognosis. Despite this, the relationship between PD-L1 expression levels and third-generation TKIs remains unclear.
Patients and Methods:
This retrospective cohort study reviewed patients with advanced NSCLC who received third-generation EGFR-TKIs as first-line systemic therapy at the Shandong Cancer Hospital between March 2019 and June 2022. The EGFR status of the patients was assessed using amplification refractory mutation system fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the PD-L1 expression level was evaluated using Dako 22 C3 immunohistochemical staining. The Kaplan–Meier method was used for survival analysis.
Results
Overall, 150 patients were included in this study. PD-L1 expression was negative (PD-L1 tumor proportion score < 1%) in 89 cases, weak (1–49%) in 42 cases, and strong (≥ 50%) in 19 cases. The median follow-up period for the entire cohort was 22.12 months (median progression-free survival [mPFS]: 24.33 months); the median overall survival was not reached. mPFS for patients with negative, weak, and strong PD-L1 expressions was 23.60, 26.12, and 16.60 months, respectively. The mPFS for strong PD-L1 expression was significantly shorter than that for with weak PD-L1 expression but was not associated with negativity, particularly in the 19DEL and 21L858R subgroups. PFS was significantly shorter in patients with strong PD-L1 expression in both subgroups (19DEL and 21L858R) than in those with weak PD-L1 expression.
Conclusion
Strong PD-L1 expression in tumor cells influenced the clinical outcomes of patients with advanced NSCLC treated with third-generation EGFR-TKIs. Stronger PD-L1 expression in TKI-treated patients with advanced first-line EGFR-mutated NSCLC was associated with worse PFS.
Efficacy and Impact of Peer-Led Education for Persons with Tuberculosis in Kampala, Uganda: A Pre-Post Implementation Study
Authors: Baker Anna , Gupta Amanda J. , Nanziri Leah , Ggita Joseph M. , Hernandez-Ramirez Raul U. , Shenoi Sheela V. , Ayakaka Irene , Armstrong-Hough Mari , Katamba Achilles , Davis J. Lucian 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Universal TB education and counseling (TEC) is routinely recommended for promoting knowledge and medication adherence, but the quality of delivery often varies because of inadequate clinic space, time, and health worker training. Peer-led counseling is a promising but understudied solution to these challenges. We sought to evaluate the efficacy of a peer-led TEC strategy among newly diagnosed adults initiating TB treatment in Kampala, Uganda.
Methods
We conducted a longitudinal, pre-post implementation study comparing the routine, healthcare-worker-led and peer-led strategies for delivery of TEC to consecutive adult persons with TB at a large, public primary-care clinic. Trained staff administered a standardized TB knowledge survey to all persons with TB immediately following TEC. We compared TB knowledge by type of TEC received using t-tests.
Results
We enrolled 161 persons with TB, 80 who received conventional TEC from health workers between June and July 2018, and 81 who received peer-led TEC between August and November 2019. The proportions of women (28% vs. 31%, p = 0.64) and persons living with HIV (36% vs 30%, p = 0.37) were similar in the pre- and post-implementation periods. Peer-led TEC was associated with a more significant increase in disease-specific (difference + 21%, 95% CI + 18% to + 24%, p < 0.0001) and treatment-specific TB knowledge scores (difference + 14%, 95% CI + 10% to + 18%, p < 0.0001) than routine healthcare worker-delivered TEC. All TB knowledge constructs were significantly higher for those in the post-implementation period than those in the pre-implementation period. Nine participants met our threshold for adequate knowledge (score ≥ 90%) for disease-specific TB knowledge in the pre-implementation period compared to 63 (78%) in the post-implementation period (+ 67%, 95% CI + 55% - +78%, p < 0.001). Twenty-eight (35%) met the adequate knowledge threshold for TB treatment-specific knowledge in the pre-implementation period compared to 60 (74%) in the post-implementation period (+ 39%, 95% CI + 25 to + 53%, p < 0.0001). Finally, the proportion achieving TB treatment success (cure or completed) increased substantially from the pre-implementation period (n = 49, 68%) to the post-implementation period (n = 63, 88%), a difference of + 19% (95% CI + 6% to + 33%, p = 0.005).
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that peer-led TEC is more efficacious than routine TEC at improving TB knowledge and treatment outcomes. Future studies should evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of the peer-led TEC strategy when scaled to a larger number of clinics.
The adaptive radiation of New Zealand’s skinks and geckos is associated with distinct viromes
Authors: Waller Stephanie J. , Butcher Richelle G. , Lim Lauren , McInnes Kate , Holmes Edward C. , Geoghegan Jemma L. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
New Zealand is home to over 120 native endemic species of skinks and geckos that have evolved through adaptive radiation over the last 24 million years, likely driven by the exploitation of diverse habitats formed during the Miocene. The recent adaptive radiation of animal hosts may facilitate viral host-switching, likely reflecting their close genetic relationships and therefore relatively low barriers for cross-species virus transmission. Conversely, as animal hosts adapt to new niches, even within specific geographic locations, so too could their viruses. Consequently, animals that have niche-specialised following adaptive radiations may be expected to harbour distinct viruses. Through a metatranscriptomic analysis of eight of New Zealand’s native skink and gecko species, as well as the only introduced lizard species, the rainbow skink (Lampropholis delicata), we aimed to reveal the diversity of viruses in these hosts and determine whether and how the adaptive radiation of skinks and geckos in New Zealand has impacted virus diversity and evolution.
Results
We identified a total of 15 novel reptilian viruses spanning 11 different viral families, across seven of the nine species sampled. Notably, we detected no viral host-switching among the native hosts analysed, even between those sampled from the same geographic location. This is compatible with the idea that host speciation has likely resulted in isolated, niche-constrained viral populations that have prevented cross-species transmission. Using a protein structural similarity-based approach, we further identified a highly divergent bunya-like virus that potentially formed a new family within the Bunyavirales.
Conclusions
This study has broadened our understanding of reptilian viruses within New Zealand and illustrates how niche adaptation may limit viral-host interactions.
Numerical Solution of Elliptic Partial Differential Equation: Method of Lines and Crank-Nicholson Method
Authors: Roknujjaman Md , Arefin Mohammad Asif , Joarder Atish 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The method of lines (MOL) is a solution procedure for solving partial differential equation (PDE) and the Crank-Nicholson method (CNM) is an implicit finite difference method, used to solve the elliptic equation and similar partial differential equations numerically. In this study, the numerical techniques were introduced to solve elliptic partial differential equation (PDE) together with initial and boundary conditions. The Poisson equation was considered as an elliptic PDE. Particularly, two methods were used to solve a two-dimensional Poisson equation numerically, such as the method of lines (MOL) and Crank-Nicholson method (CNM). The implementation of the solutions was done using Microsoft office spreadsheet and MATLAB programing language. Lastly, the numerical solutions were presented graphically which was obtained with method of lines along with Crank-Nicholson method.
Dual-Tree Complex Wavelet Pooling and Attention based Modified U-Net Architecture for Automated Breast Thermogram Segmentation and Classification
Authors: Garia Lalit , Muthusamy Hariharan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Thermography is a non-invasive and non-contact method for detecting cancer in their initial stages by examining the temperature variation between both breasts. Resizing, ROI (region of interest) segmentation, and augmentation are frequently used methods for pre-processing breast thermograms. In this study, a modified U-Net architecture (DTCWAU-Net) that uses Dual-Tree Complex Wavelet Transform (DTCWT) and Attention gate for breast thermal image segmentation for frontal and lateral view thermograms, aiming to outline ROI for potential tumor detection was proposed. The proposed approach achieved an average Dice coefficient of 93.03% and a sensitivity of 94.82%, showcasing its potential for accurate breast thermogram segmentation. The automated segmentation of breast thermograms into categories as healthy or cancerous was achieved by texture and histogram-based feature and deep feature extraction from these segmented thermograms, feature selection using Neighborhood Component Analysis (NCA), and applying machine learning classifiers. When compared to other state-of the art approaches for detecting breast cancer using thermogram, the proposed methodology showed higher accuracy. Simulation results clearly expounds that the proposed method can be used in breast cancer screening, facilitating early detection, and enhancing treatment outcomes.
Zur (Un-)Wissenschaftlichkeit der Individualisierungspraxis in forensisch-wissenschaftlichen Gutachten
Authors: Biedermann Alex , Kotsoglou Kyriakos N. 
Published: February 2024

Kategorische Zuordnungen von Spuren zu Gegenständen oder Personen in forensisch-wissenschaftlichen Gutachten, sog. Individualisierungen, erfreuen sich in der juristischen Praxis seit je her grosser Beliebtheit. Geläufige Beispiele finden sich in Fachbereichen wie der DNA-Analyse, der vergleichenden Handschriftenuntersuchung sowie, neuerdings, dem Gesichtsvergleich, den auch hiesige Behördenkreise in der Praxis zu verankern gedenken. Entgegen weitläufiger Auffassungen beruhen Individualisierungen in Sachverständigengutachten jedoch auf wissenschaftlich unhaltbaren Annahmen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag greifen wir diese Problematik einmal mehr kritisch auf und illustrieren sie anhand einer unlängst von forensischen Genetikern veröffentlichten Empfehlung, die darauf abzielt, DNA-Spurenzuordnungen auf Personen durch Sachverständige zu legitimieren. Wir zeigen auf, dass Individualisierungen in Sachverständigengutachten praktische, begriffliche und rechtstheoretische Probleme aufwerfen, und aus diesem Grund in sämtlichen forensisch-wissenschaftlichen Fachbereichen als praxisuntauglich zu betrachten sind.
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L'individualisation, c'est-à-dire l'association catégorique de traces à des objets ou à des personnes dans le cadre d'expertises forensiques est encore largement répandue dans la pratique juridique. On trouve des exemples courants dans des domaines spécialisés tels que les traces digitales, l'analyse de l'ADN, l'examen comparatif d'écritures et de signatures, et, plus récemment, la comparaison des visages, que les autorités de notre pays envisagent d'utiliser prochainement en routine. Contrairement aux idées reçues, l'individualisation dans les expertises forensiques repose sur des prémisses scientifiquement infondées. Dans le présent article, nous abordons une fois de plus cette problématique de manière critique et l'illustrons à l'aide d'une recommandation publiée récemment par des généticiens forensiques, visant à légitimer l'association de traces d'ADN à des personnes par des expert·e·s. Nous montrons que les individualisations dans les expertises forensiques posent des problèmes pratiques, conceptuels et théoriques et qu'elles doivent donc être considérées comme inadaptées à la pratique dans tous les domaines de la science forensique.
Progress of Influenza Viruses and Inhibitors
Authors: Xiao Yuchen , Yong Jianping , Lu Shaoji , Lu Canzhong , Huang Ruiwen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract:
Influenza is an acute respiratory disease caused by influenza viruses. It has the
characteristics of fast transmission and strong infectivity, and it does great harm to human
health and survival. It is estimated that the seasonal influenza epidemics every year will
cause about one billion cases of infections and hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide,
while influenza A virus is the leading cause of infection and death. Currently, the
main drugs used in clinics to treat influenza viruses are neuraminidase inhibitors, and these
drugs have shown excellent efficacy in treating influenza viruses. However, various
mutant strains have developed resistance to these effective drugs in clinics (such as the
subtype mutant strains of H274Y in H1N1 or H5N1 and E119V in H3N2 have developed
resistance to Oseltamivir). Influenza viruses mutate frequently, and new viral strains are
constantly discovered, and the pandemics will break out at any time. Therefore, it is urgent
to develop efficient and broad-spectrum drugs to prevent and treat the influenza pandemic
caused by the emerging new subtypes. This review focuses on describing the pandemic
history, the structure, function and prevention methods of influenza viruses and the
progress of the development of anti-influenza drugs, to provide the reference for prevention
and treatment of influenza viruses and development of influenza virus inhibitors.
A Comprehensive Review of Therapeutic Compounds from Plants for
Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: P. Dhaya Shankaran , K Abinaya , S. Meenakumari , Gopinath Subash C.B. , Raman Pachaiappan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract:
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) comprise a large number of disorders that
affect the structure and functions of the nervous system. The major cause of various neurodegenerative
diseases includes protein aggregation, oxidative stress and inflammation. Over
the last decade, there has been a gradual inclination of neurological research in order to find
drugs that can prevent, slow down, or treat these diseases. The most common NDDs are
Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's illnesses which claims the lives of 6.8 million
people worldwide each year and it is expected to rise by 7.1%. The focus on alternative
medicine, particularly plant-based products, has grown significantly in recent years. Plants
are considered a good source of biologically active molecules and hence phytochemical
screening of plants will pave the way for discovering new drugs. Neurodegeneration has
long been linked to oxidative stress, either as a direct cause or as a side effect of other variables.
Therefore, it has been proposed that the use of antioxidants to combat cellular oxidative
stress within the nervous system may be a viable therapeutic strategy for neurological illnesses.
In order to prevent and treat NDDs, this review article covers the therapeutic compounds/
metabolites from plants with the neuroprotective role. However, these exhibit other
beneficial molecular functions in addition to antioxidant activity is the potential application
in the management or prevention of neurodegenerative disorders. Further, it gives future researchers
the significance of considering peptide-based therapeutics through various mechanisms
in delaying or curing neurodegenerative diseases.
Nanocrystal Structure of Minoxidil: A Safe Stimulator for Hair
Growth Factor for C57BL/6 Mice
Authors: Moradi Ali , Seifati Seyed Morteza , Darroudi Majid , Golmohammadzadeh Shiva , Ashkezari Mahmood Dehghani 
Published: February 2024

Background::
Commercial Minoxidil (MXD) is commonly used as a vasodilator
agent of hair follicles for providing direct dermal papilla cell proliferation and consequently
enhancing the rate of hair growth.

Objective::
The current study attempted to improve the bioactivity and water solubility
of MXD by producing nanocrystal structures and investigating the obtained hair growthstimulating
activity on C57BL/6 mice.

Method::
The MXD nanoparticles (MXD-NPs) were prepared through a bead mill and ultrasonic
process and characterized by DLS, XRD, UV-Vis, FTIR, FESEM, TEM, and
Zeta-potential techniques.

Result::
The cytotoxicity of MXD-NPs was studied on human dermal fibroblast (HDF)
by MTT assay. Lastly, we analyzed the comparative hair growth inductive activity of
certain MXD-NPs concentrations on C57BL/6 mice. The stabled MXD-NPs (-46 mV,
21.9 nm) caused a significant increase in the hair growth rate of C57BL/6 mice by running
a safe site-specific delivery mechanism on the targeted pilosebaceous follicles when
compared to MXD.

Conclusion::
The MXD-NPs-receiving mice exhibited a greater rate of anagen/telogen
follicular when compared with MXD-treated types, which verified the improvement of
their hair re-growing and follicular-stimulative activities. Therefore, these outcomes confirmed
the potential of MXD-NPs for substituting its commercial solution format as a
safe and efficient iso-formulation structure.
Proses Informasi dan Komunikasi Sosial Petani Swadaya untuk Mengadopsi ISPO (Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil) di Kabupaten Sambas
Authors: Muliadi Muliadi , Nurliza Nurliza , Suharyani Anita 
Published: February 2024

Indonesia terdapat tiga jenis pengelolaan perkebunan kelapa sawit, salah satunya adalah kelapa sawit swadaya. Perkebunan kelapa sawit swadaya merupakan pola pengembangan perkebunan yang dilakukan oleh petani sendiri dalam pengelolaannya, dari tiga pengelolaan kebun kelapa sawit di Indonesia, kelapa sawit swadaya memiliki lahan yang paling luas dan mengalami peningkatan terus menerus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan proses informasi dan komunikasi sosial petani swadaya yang tepat dalam mengadopsi ISPO <em>(Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil)</em> di Kabupaten Sambas. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Subah, Kabuptaen Sambas dengan jumlah responden 150 orang petani sawit swadaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan alat Analisis Faktor dan <em>Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)</em>. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komunikasi yang diukur melalui indikator <em>(Source, Receiver, Mesagge, Channel)</em> berpengaruh positif terhadap adopsi ISPO <em>(Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil) </em>sehingga dapat merumuskan proses komunikasi sosial petani swadaya untuk mengadopsi ISPO <em>(Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil). </em>
Pengaruh Atribut Produk, Sikap dan Minat Konsumen Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Buah Jeruk Lokal di Kota Malang
Authors: Eldisthia Erika , Muhaimin Abdul Wahib , Setiawan Budi 
Published: February 2024

<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh atribut produk, sikap konsumen dan minat konsumen terhadap keputusan pembelian buah jeruk lokal pada konsumen di Kota Malang. Metode penelitian ini secara kuantitatif deskriptif menggunakan analisis <em>Structural Equation Modeling</em>(SEM) dengan pendekatan <em>Warp Partial Least Square</em>(WarpPLS). Data primer diperoleh melalui pengisian kuesioner sebagai media wawancara secara online. Sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh melalui studi literatur dari berbagai sumber terkait. Penarikan sampel dilakukan berdasarkan teknik <em>nonprobability</em>sampling dan terpilihlah 124 sampel sebagai responden dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa atribut produk berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap sikap dan minat konsumen, sikap konsumen berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian, Minat Konsumen positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian</p>