bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Harry Carey, Tom Mix, and Douglas Fairbanks
Authors: Abel Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on westerns with stars who rivaled William S. Hart in the mid-to late 1910s. They included “regular chap” Harry Carey, stuntman Tom Mix, and an athletic Douglas Fairbanks. However diverse, nearly all of their films assumed settled white communities, with few threats from Indians or Mexicans. While Carey, directed by Jack Ford, reinvented the “good badman” as a working cowboy or gunslinger with a taste for drink, Mix starred in stories of comic romance and eventually became a fashionable icon. Fairbanks turned the myth of “American Progress” on its head in ramshackle parodies, sporting his nonchalant grin of effortless self-confidence.
Banking and the Antimonopoly Tradition
Authors: Grischkan Jamie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“Banking and the Antimonopoly Tradition: The Long Road to the Bank Holding Company Act” excavates the history of the bank holding company, a corporation that owns or controls one or more US banks, and the movement to prevent its monopolistic expansion in the decades surrounding World War II. Staked on constitutional grounds that emphasized the dangers of concentrated financial power to democratic governance, the battle for bank holding company reform represents a pivotal, yet virtually unacknowledged, chapter of the American antimonopoly tradition. Culminating in the enactment of the Bank Holding Company Act in 1956, the struggle for bank holding company legislation challenges long-standing narratives of American political economy that portray World War II as the end of Progressive economic reform and the antitrust movement as a faded passion. Foregrounding the neglected history of the rise and regulation of bank holding companies in the twentieth century ultimately reveals that antimonopoly ideals survived long after their supposed demise and continued to structure national policymaking well into the postwar decades.
All That Glitters Is Not Gold (or, Dirty Professors)
Authors: Cheng Anne Anlin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter presents a close reading of the film Princesse Tam Tam as part of a dynamic, international conversation (drawing in figures from Adolf Loos to Le Corbusier to Junichiro Tanizaki and even the ghost of William Shakespeare) at the turn of the twentieth century about machines, organic bodies, and style. In particular, this chapter examines Baker’s relationship to gold/glitter and its inverse, waste and dross. The film Princesse Tam Tam emerges as a critical meditation on the entwined notions of ornamentation, waste, nationhood, and femininity in the making of Western modernity.
The Future of the Factory
Authors: Hauge Jostein 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For centuries, industrialization and factory-based production have been core ingredients in economic growth, development, and innovation. This symbiotic relationship between industrialization and economic prosperity is now changing. 'Megatrends' - trends within the domains of technology, economy, society, and ecology that have a global impact - are changing the ability of the manufacturing sector to serve as the engine of growth, changing traditional ideas of technological progress, and changing growth and development opportunities in both the global South and the global North. Four megatrends are particularly worthy of note: the rise of services, digital automation technologies, globalization of production, and ecological breakdown. In this book, Jostein Hauge provides a novel analysis of how these megatrends are changing industrialization, and charts new pathways for industrial policy and global governance. He also offers a wide-ranging account of the role of technology, globalization, and ecology in shaping the world economy. The Future of the Factory shows that industrialization remains a cornerstone of economic prosperity, but that power asymmetries in the world economy create uneven opportunities for achieving economic growth, development, and industrialization.
Industrialization in context
Authors: Hauge Jostein 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For centuries, industrialization and factory-based production have been core ingredients in economic growth, development, and innovation. In this chapter, I tell the story of how this came to be. I tell the story with reference to the history of industrialization and with reference to the history of theories on industrialization. I also tell the story of uneven development in the context of industrialization: how the emergence of the international trading system and imperialism aided industrialization of a select few countries at the expense of development in other countries. I also present rationales for industrial policy, that is, how, and why, governments intervene in markets for the purpose of industrialization. In essence, this chapter serves as a foundation, both historically and theoretically, for many subsequent chapters.
Digital automation technologies
Authors: Hauge Jostein 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There are growing fears that digital automation technologies will start displacing human jobs at a rapid pace. In this chapter, I investigate the impact of automation technologies on employment and job displacement in the past, present, and future, focusing on the manufacturing sector. The key conclusion arising from my analysis is that automation technologies will most likely result in a reorganization of the labour force rather than large-scale job displacement, in line with historical trends. Sectors and countries will be impacted differently, but industrialization as a development strategy is not under threat due to the introduction of digital automation technologies.
An Electoral Geography Theory of Campaign Violence
Authors: Wahman Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The chapter introduces an electoral geography theory of campaign violence for geographically polarized electoral systems. If election violence is understood as a form of electoral manipulation, attempts to theorize the strategic use of campaign violence have to be developed in tandem with a theory of political mobilization within a given context. The chapter discusses the origin of geographically polarized electoral systems and stresses the importance of localism for political mobilization in countries where regionalism is a primary political cleavage. Within such contexts, parties use campaign violence as a territorial tool to regulate access to space. Parties can use violence to enforce and contest territoriality, drastically altering local electoral environments.
Campaign Violence in Zambia
Authors: Wahman Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The chapter shows how violence, coercion, and intimidation has become an integral part of electoral competition under Zambian geographic electoral polarization. While low-scale territorial violence has been a constant during Zambian multiparty competition, the use of violence has escalated over time. The chapter presents both qualitative data on the use of violence during the 2016 campaign and quantitative constituency-level data on campaign violence. The analysis shows how violence was fueled by parties’ attempts to control space. Both opposition and incumbent parties used violence to defend party strongholds, while the incumbent party also used violence to contest the strongholds of the main rival. Statistical analysis shows that violence was more common in constituencies with low levels of electoral competition, especially those dominated by the opposition party.
Conclusion
Authors: Wahman Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The conclusion chapter summarizes the main implications of the book, focusing mainly on four areas. First, the implications for the study on election violence are summarized. In particular, the book illustrates the extent to which theories of election violence need to interact with theories of political mobilization strongly, the importance of territoriality, and the need to seriously consider the importance of low-scale violence. Second, the book has significant consequences for the study of sub-national authoritarianism. Violence, perhaps more than any other form of manipulation, has the ability to stifle local electoral competition seriously. Third, the book adds to our understanding of African electoral geography and the sources of non nationalized politics. Lastly, the chapter introduces some of the most critical policy implications emerging from the book’s theoretical and empirical contributions.
Structural Chemistry of Group 14 Elements
Authors: Chung Wai Mak Thomas , Cheung Yu-San , Zhou Gong-Du , Wang Ying-Xia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter covers the following topics: allotropic modifications of carbon; compounds of carbon, bonding in carbon compounds; gold and silver carbone complexes; phosphine-sulfoxide carbon(0) complexes; structural chemistry of silicon; structures of halides and oxides of heavier Group 14 elements; polyatomic anions of Ge, Sn, and Pb; organometallic compounds of heavier Group 14 elements; tetrel bonding interactions in tin and lead compounds; as well as tetrylones.
Parenting and the formation of attachment bonds
Authors: Hutsebaut Joost , Nijssens Liesbet , Vessem Miriam van 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Mentalizing is a capacity that we need to develop. The foundation for this development is made in the first years of life or perhaps even earlier. Congruent and marked affect mirroring of the parent contributes to the child’s capacity for emotional understanding and regulation. The child experiences that it is safe to discover their own inner world and develops confidence that others can understand what they need. Gradually, the child forms an image of themself and others as involved and reliable. In addition, parents give their child the message that they are ‘someone’, a ‘self’ who wants, finds, feels, and desires. This is how the child develops a unique sense of self. All these experiences contribute to the development of secure attachment and then also the own ability to mentalize.
Introduction
Authors: Yeang Chen-Pang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Chapter 1 introduces the core themes of this book. Noise has sharply different connotations in the nineteenth and after the mid-twentieth century, and hence can be understood as a keyword in Raymond Williams’s sense that reflects the transformation of modern technoscience. The four stages of this transformation are outlined: abstraction and materialization of noise, research on Brownian motion and electronic noise, developing three theoretical approaches to fluctuations, and the rise of tackling noise in information and signal contexts during World War II. A study of noise’s transformation from disturbing sounds to informational errors converses with and complements the historical scholarships in sound studies, probability and statistics, and information science and technology. Such a historical account is mesoscopic, transnational, and interdisciplinary.
Electronic Noise in Telecommunications
Authors: Yeang Chen-Pang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Chapter 6 examines the pioneering research on electronic noise—random current fluctuations in electronic devices—during the 1910s–20s. Such research testified to the general randomness of the physical world as the studies of Brownian motion had revealed. In addition, however, electronic noise was embedded in the context of engineering to design and improve high-gain thermionic-tube amplifiers for the radio and telephone. In 1918, Walter Schottky at Siemens formulated a theory of “shot noise,” current fluctuations owing to the random emissions of discrete electrons in a tube. Schottky’s theory was revised and experimentally tested during the 1920s, leading to the discoveries of several other types of noise. In 1925–28, John B. Johnson and Harry Nyquist at Bell Labs found thermal noise for any electrical resistor. Although these studies aimed to chart the fundamental performance limit of electronic technology, they ended up assisting the empirical determination of electronic components’ characteristics.
A Mathematical Foundation of Fluctuations
Authors: Yeang Chen-Pang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In chapter 9, we inspect the third approach of the interwar theoretical studies of noise, which focused on a rigorous characterization of the central concepts for random fluctuations. Under this approach, a Brownian motion was configured in a functional space called “differential space,” while a new formulation of spectral analysis known as “generalized harmonic analysis” was developed for the fluctuations to which conventional Fourier analysis could not apply. The mathematicians taking this approach were more concerned about building a solid logical foundation and conceptual structure for random fluctuations than about statistical physics or telecommunication engineering. Their work was inspired by traditions in modern mathematics: set theory, measure theory, and axiomatization of probability. The American mathematician Norbert Wiener at MIT was a leader in this development.
Spread-Spectrum Communication
Authors: Yeang Chen-Pang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the first applications of the wartime and postwar informational studies of noise was the spread-spectrum technology that scrambled transmitted signals in a communication system for encryptive or antijamming purposes. These scrambled signals effectively “rode on” a noisy carrier. But how to generate a sufficiently noisy carrier and how to synchronize the transmitter and receiver in noise modulation became central problems. In chapter 13, we examine Mortimer Rogoff’s invention of a “noise wheel” at the International Telephone and Telegraph (ITT) Company and MIT Lincoln Laboratories researchers’ development of electronic correlators for their NOMAC spread-spectrum system. In these Cold War military technological projects, noise was transformed from an environmental plight into something useful, as it was turned into a source of diversity.
The End
Authors: Mayer Colin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The reformulated Golden Rule of doing unto others as they would have done unto them should be reflected in corporate purposes of producing profitable solutions not problems for others. Corporate purpose should be placed at the heart of corporate law around the world. Dominant shareholders should take ownership of the problems their companies exist to solve and promote their profitable resolution without detriments. Leaders should retain a singular duty to their shareholders not to multiple stakeholders. bring clarity and commitment to their organization’s purposes, values, and culture, and delegate authority and resources to those responsible for their implementation. Corporate profit and national income should account for costs of sustaining the assets of those outside as well as within their formal legal boundaries, including in the natural world. Organizations should incur the true costs of rectifying and remedying the problems they create and account for them in both their internal management and external reporting. International standards should set principles of accounting and reporting for corporate purpose, and accountants and auditors should assure adherence to them. Institutional investors should provide adequate risk-bearing, predominantly equity capital for delivery of problem-solving purposes and steward their profitable delivery. Leaders of public and private sector organizations should forge common purposes to create shared prosperity inclusive of left-behind people, places, and nations; and authority and finance should be delegated to those best placed to deliver shared prosperity.
Introduction
Authors: Lau Maximilian C. G. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This Introduction introduces the reader to the varying historical opinions on John, or at least what few that there are. Though Chapter One will focus more on sources, this Introduction will outline how the lack of conventional sources has shaped this limited historiography. It will then point towards how this source base can be readily expanded, which, in addition to using new methodologies, necessitating a complete re-evaluation of John’s reign. The structure of this book is then justified, in some ways taking its cue from some of the more recent studies, while in other ways new approaches and sources are pioneered. Each chapter and its argument is then briefly summarized for the reader.
Client Management and the Crisis of 1126
Authors: Lau Maximilian C. G. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter outlines John’s strategy of cumulatively acquiring the allegiance of client rulers to strengthen his empire, and how his attempt to impose Byzantine hegemony over the competing Serb and Turkish courts, and beyond, left the empire overstretched, and caused his strategy to backfire. John’s renewed interventions in the disputes between the Serb rulers of Raška and Diokleia are first outlined, and then his Anatolian campaign of 1124, before the Venetian fleet returned to the Aegean for renewed raiding that winter. John was then visited by three fugitive princes: Mas’ud of Ikonion, Álmos of Hungary, and Gradinja of Diokleia. John attempted to back them all so as to secure central Anatolia, Hungary, and the Serb lands for his empire, but doing so while the Venetians continued to threaten his coasts led to Gabras of Trebizond to rebel, leaving John without enough resources to deal with all of these threats at once. In this context, it will be explained why John therefore had to make the best peace with Venice he could by restoring their trade privileges, and also to leave Mas’ud and Gabras in Anatolia for now so that he could focus on the Serbs and Hungary.
Border Controls
Authors: Peers Steve 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Chapter 3 describes and analyses the law on EU border controls, including both the rules on external borders and the abolition (in principle) of checks on internal borders, including when re-imposition of checks on internal borders may (or may not) be justified. In particular it looks at the legislation and case law on the Schengen Borders Code (as amended), the Schengen Information System (as it applies to migration control), the planned travel authorization and entry-exit systems, legislation on passport security, local border traffic rules, and Frontex (the EU’s border control agency). It includes a discussion of the case law on these issues, particularly as regards the Borders Code, and pending case law on the accountability of Frontex for alleged human rights abuses.
Visas
Authors: Peers Steve 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Chapter 4 describes and analyses the law on visas, including the list of non-EU countries whose nationals are (or are not) required to have visas to visit the EU (including proposed changes to the list), the common visa format, the creation and extension of the Visa Information System (including the upcoming overhaul of that database), the rules on the issuing of Schengen visas (as set out in the EU’s Visa Code, as revised), freedom of non-EU citizens to travel between Member States, and the EU’s external relations in the areas of visas (visa waiver treaties, visa facilitation treaties, use of more stringent visa policy to obtain EU migration control objectives). It includes discussion of the case law on visas, notably on the existence and intensity of judicial review of the refusal to issue a visa, and disputes over EU competence on visas.
EU Justice and Home Affairs Law
Authors: Peers Steve 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book is a comprehensive description and analysis of every facet of EU Justice and Home Affairs law concerning policing, criminal law, and cross-border civil cooperation—in particular EU law on cross-border criminal law cooperation (such as the European Arrest Warrant, the European Investigation Order, and new rules on electronic evidence), fair trials (including presumption of innocence and access to lawyer) and victims’ rights, substantive criminal law, jurisdiction over crimes, Eurojust and the European Public Prosecutor’s Office, protection against double jeopardy, policing (including Europol, data protection issues, and EU information exchange), and cross-border civil cooperation, including specific fields like insolvency, inheritance, and family law. It examines the human rights aspects of the issues, and discusses every piece of EU legislation and all EU court case law in the field, including proposed legislation in areas such as civil law litigation concerning journalists and the new or upcoming use or expansion of methods of exchanging data among police or judicial bodies.
Conclusion
Authors: Boute Anatole 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The 2022 energy shock is likely to have a long-lasting impact on the regulation of energy markets, and international energy trade and investment, with implications far beyond EU–Russian relations and the future of the natural gas industry. This book’s critical reassessment of the security implications of energy, trade, and investment law emphasized the need for supply security reforms at the national, regional, and international level. This chapter summarizes the book’s main findings on the role of energy law instruments in the creation of dangerous dependencies. It then proposes reform directions that would allow to balance the need for greater flexibility to address states’ increasing concerns over foreign energy dependencies with the preservation of the international cooperation on which the cost-efficient and accelerated energy transition depends.
Introduction
Authors: Gillin Edward J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Launched in 1839, the British Magnetic Scheme (BMS) ran for over a decade and represented a British state-sponsored scientific venture of unprecedented scale. This investigation, comprised of a worldwide network of observatories and naval expeditions, sought to measure the Earth’s magnetic phenomena and reduce the data collected to the order of charts. To perform this magnetic survey, the Royal Navy employed the dipping needles of Cornish natural philosopher Robert Were Fox. The instruments were designed to record the Earth’s magnetic dip and intensity but were delicate devices. Fox’s dipping needles were a crucial element to the great scientific undertaking of the 1830s and 1840s. As is argued here, this represented an important escalation in the relationship between the British state and science, with the former eager to mobilize scientific methods to resolve the problem of magnetic deviation, this being compass error resulting from the changing character of the Earth’s magnetism. Contemporaries were eager to promote this venture as a global science, stressing its worldwide extent.
The Twilight of Cornish Science and the Systematization of Oceanic Navigation, 1850–1907
Authors: Gillin Edward J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the outputs and conclusions of the British Magnetic Scheme. By the 1850s, the BMS was drawing to a close. Edward Sabine was keen to stress the value of the enterprise, especially its confirmation of a link between the Earth’s magnetism and solar flares. Yet much of the initial promise of the BMS had failed to be realized. However, throughout the 1850s, there remained considerable interest in extending the project’s research, notably through a new survey of the magnetism of the British Isles, which this chapter explores. Importantly, it is here discussed how all this magnetic investigation fitted within the broader solution of magnetic compass error. With ships such as Isambard Kingdom Brunel’s Great Eastern employing ever-increasing amounts of iron, the search for an answer as to how to manage compasses and secure accurate navigation took on a growing urgency. This chapter explores how the magnetic data of the British Magnetic Scheme was conscripted within new approaches to ensuring reliable navigation.