bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic profiling of colorectal cancer liver metastases by combined comparative genomic hybridization and G‐banding analysis
Authors: Diep Chieu B. , Parada Luis A. , Teixeira Manuel R. , Eknæs Mette , Nesland Jahn M. , Johansson Bertil , Lothe Ragnhild A. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe majority of genetic studies of colorectal carcinogenesis have focused on changes found in primary tumors. Despite the fact that liver metastases are a leading cause of colorectal cancer deaths, the molecular genetic basis of the advanced disease stages remains poorly understood. We performed comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) on 17 liver metastases from colorectal carcinomas and compared the quantitative profile with the qualitative profile previously obtained with chromosome banding. An average of 12.6 aberrations per tumor was found by CGH. Chromosome 18 and chromosome arms 4q, 8p, and 17p were most frequently lost, whereas chromosomes 7 and 20 and chromosome arms 6p, 8q, and 13q were most frequently gained. We compared the chromosome banding and CGH data after converting the karyotypes into net copy number gains and losses. Ten tumors showed agreement between the findings of the two techniques, whereas five tumors did not (in two cases, no mitotic cells were obtained for banding analysis). All five discordant cases had a “simple” abnormal or normal karyotype, but revealed multiple changes by CGH. A likely explanation for this discrepancy is that in vitro growth before G‐banding selected against the cancer cells. Interestingly, by comparing the CGH profiles of the “complex” vs. the “simple”/normal karyotype groups, deletion of 8p and gain of 16q were seen more frequently in the former group. The liver metastases had the same aberrations as seen in primary colorectal carcinomas, summarized in a literature survey. However, these aberrations were seen more frequently in liver metastases, which may be attributable to increased genetic instability. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alzheimer's disease is associated with a selective increase in α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor immunoreactivity in astrocytes
Authors: Teaktong Thanasak , Graham Alison , Court Jennifer , Perry Robert , Jaros Evelyn , Johnson Mary , Hall Ros , Perry Elaine 
Published: January 2003

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are common forms of dementia in the elderly associated with cholinergic dysfunction, including reductions in nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). In AD, astrocytes are implicated in the formation of senile plaques, one of the core pathological features. Using immunohistochemistry, we have investigated astrocytic expression of the two major nicotinic receptor α subunits in the human hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. α7, but not α4, subunit immunoreactivity was associated with astrocytes. An increase in the proportion of astrocytes expressing α7 immunoreactivity was observed in AD compared with age‐matched controls. A similar increase was not evident in DLB. Elevated α7 nAChRs on astrocytes in AD may contribute to alterations in calcium homeostasis and nitric oxide production, which in turn could affect β‐amyloid–mediated inflammatory processes in AD. GLIA 41:207–211, 2003. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Early oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in the human fetal telencephalon
Authors: Rakic Sonja , Zecevic Nada 
Published: January 2003

AbstractOligodendrocytes, the myelin‐producing cells in the central nervous system, represent a large portion of the total number of cells in the human brain. Using cell‐specific markers and antibodies to ventral homeodomain transcription factors, NKX2.1 and DLX2, we show here that a subpopulation of early oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) in the human telencephalon may originate in the ganglionic eminence (GE). DLX2‐labeled OPCs form a well‐delineated stream of cells connecting the GE subventricular zone (SVZ) to the cortical intermediate zone through the anterior cortical SVZ. This population of cells is labeled by early OPCs markers, PDGFRα, Olig1, and NG2, and not with either neuronal, astrocyte, or late OPCs markers. Intriguingly, numerous CD68+ microglia/macrophages, nestin+ neural stem cells, and CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are also present in both the GE stream and the cortical SVZ. These cells could be colabeled with DLX2 as well as early OPCs markers. A separate subpopulation of early OPCs, present in the GE and cortical SVZ, did not express either DLX2 or CD68. These findings suggest that different subpopulations of early OPCs, characterized with different sets of transcription factors and cell‐specific markers, are present in human forebrain. These subpopulations may have different origins; one may originate in the cortical SVZ, while others may come from the GE and/or outside the CNS as hematopoietic stem cells. GLIA 41:117–127, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endothelin B receptors are expressed by astrocytes and regulate astrocyte hypertrophy in the normal and injured CNS
Authors: Rogers Scott D. , Peters Christopher M. , Pomonis James D. , Hagiwara Hiromi , Ghilardi Joseph R. , Mantyh Patrick W. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe ability of mammalian central nervous system (CNS) neurons to survive and/or regenerate following injury is influenced by surrounding glial cells. To identify the factors that control glial cell function following CNS injury, we have focused on the endothelin B receptor (ETBR), which we show is expressed by the majority of astrocytes that are immunoreactive for glial acid fibrillary protein (GFAP) in both the normal and crushed rabbit optic nerve. Optic nerve crush induces a marked increase in ETBR and GFAP immunoreactivity (IR) without inducing a significant increase in the number of GFAP‐IR astrocytes, suggesting that the crush‐induced astrogliosis is due primarily to astrocyte hypertrophy. To define the role that endothelins play in driving this astrogliosis, artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), ET‐1 (an ETAR and ETBR agonist), or Bosentan (a mixed ETAR and ETBR antagonist) were infused via osmotic minipumps into noninjured and crushed optic nerves for 14 days. Infusion of ET‐1 induced a hypertrophy of ETBR/GFAP‐IR astrocytes in the normal optic nerve, with no additional hypertrophy in the crushed nerve, whereas infusion of Bosentan induced a significant decrease in the hypertrophy of ETBR/GFAP‐IR astrocytes in the crushed but not in the normal optic nerve. These data suggest that pharmacological blockade of astrocyte ETBR receptors following CNS injury modulates glial scar formation and may provide a more permissive substrate for neuronal survival and regeneration. GLIA 41:180–190, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cannabinoids ablate release of TNFα in rat microglial cells stimulated with lypopolysaccharide
Authors: Facchinetti Fabrizio , Del Giudice Elda , Furegato Sara , Passarotto Marzla , Leon Alberta 
Published: January 2003

AbstractUpon activation, brain microglial cells release proinflammatory mediators, such as TNFα, which may play an important role in eliciting neuroinflammatory processes causing brain damage. As cannabinoids have been reported to exert anti‐inflammatory and neuroprotective actions in the brain, we here examined the effect of both synthetic and endogenous cannabinoids on TNFα release elicited by bacterial endotoxin lypopolysaccharide (LPS) in cultured microglia. Exposure of primary cultures of rat cortical microglial cells to LPS significantly stimulated TNFα mRNA expression and release. The endogenous cannabinoids anandamide and 2‐arachidonylglycerol (2‐AG), as well as the synthetic cannabinoids (+)WIN 55,212‐2, CP 55,940, and HU210, inhibited in a concentration‐dependent manner (1–10 μM) the LPS‐induced TNFα release. Unlike the high‐affinity cannabinoid receptor agonist (+)WIN 55,212‐2, the low‐affinity stereoisomer (−)WIN 55,212‐2 did not exert any significant inhibition on TNFα release. Given this stereoselectivity, the ability of (+)WIN 55,212‐2 to inhibit LPS‐induced TNFα release from microglia is most likely receptor‐mediated. By RT‐PCR we found that the two Gi/o protein‐coupled cannabinoid receptors (type 1 and 2) are both expressed in microglial cultures. However, selective antagonists of type 1 (SR141716A and AM251) and type 2 (SR144528) cannabinoid receptors did not affect the effect of (+)WIN 55,212‐2. Consistent with this finding is the observation that the ablative effect of (+)WIN 55,212‐2 on LPS‐evoked release of TNFα was not sensitive to the Gi/o protein inactivator pertussis toxin. In addition, the cAMP elevating agents dibutyryl cAMP and forskolin both abolished LPS‐induced TNFα release, thus rendering unlikely the possibility that (+)WIN 55,212‐2 could ablate TNFα release through the inhibition of adenylate cyclase via the Gi‐coupled cannabinoid receptors type 1 and 2. In summary, our data indicate that both synthetic and endogenous cannabinoids inhibit LPS‐induced release of TNFα from microglial cells. By showing that such effect does not appear to be mediated by either CB receptor type 1 or 2, we provide evidence suggestive of the existence of yet unidentified cannabinoid receptor(s) in brain microglia. GLIA 41:161–168, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Astrocytic expression of the Alzheimer's disease β‐secretase (BACE1) is stimulus‐dependent
Authors: Hartlage‐Rübsamen Maike , Zeitschel Ulrike , Apelt Jenny , Gärtner Ulrich , Franke Heike , Stahl Tobias , Günther Albrecht , Schliebs Reinhard , Penkowa Milena , Bigl Volker , Roßner Steffen 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe beta‐site APP‐cleaving enzyme (BACE1) is a prerequisite for the generation of β‐amyloid peptides, which give rise to cerebrovascular and parenchymal β‐amyloid deposits in the brain of Alzheimer's disease patients. BACE1 is neuronally expressed in the brains of humans and experimental animals such as mice and rats. In addition, we have recently shown that BACE1 protein is expressed by reactive astrocytes in close proximity to β‐amyloid plaques in the brains of aged transgenic Tg2576 mice that overexpress human amyloid precursor protein carrying the double mutation K670N‐M671L. To address the question whether astrocytic BACE1 expression is an event specifically triggered by β‐amyloid plaques or whether glial cell activation by other mechanisms also induces BACE1 expression, we used six different experimental strategies to activate brain glial cells acutely or chronically. Brain sections were processed for the expression of BACE1 and glial markers by double immunofluorescence labeling and evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy. There was no detectable expression of BACE1 protein by activated microglial cells of the ameboid or ramified phenotype in any of the lesion paradigms studied. In contrast, BACE1 expression by reactive astrocytes was evident in chronic but not in acute models of gliosis. Additionally, we observed BACE1‐immunoreactive astrocytes in proximity to β‐amyloid plaques in the brains of aged Tg2576 mice and Alzheimer's disease patients. GLIA 41:169–179, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Combined modality treatment of Ewing's sarcoma of the maxilla
Authors: Wexler Leonard H. , Kacker Ashutosh , Piro John D. , Haddad Joseph , Close Lanny G. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractBackground.Primary bone sarcomas arising in osseous structures of the head and neck are rare. These tumors are often incompletely resected and treated with radiotherapy for local control.Methods.We report a case of a 9‐year‐old girl with a maxillary Ewing's sarcoma. This patient was successfully treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgical resection and prosthetic reconstruction of the primary site. The surgical approach that was used consisted of a subtotal maxillectomy by means of a facial degloving approach, sparing the orbital contents and the inferior orbital rim and orbital floor.Results.This approach produced excellent cosmetic, functional, and oncologic outcome. The patient remains without evidence of disease recurrence more than 4 years after surgery.Conclusions.This case illustrates a novel surgical approach to the resection of a maxillary Ewing's sarcoma and highlights the need for a multidisciplinary team approach to the management of head and neck sarcomas in children. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 25: 168–172, 2003
Elective treatment of the neck in squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx: Clinical experience
Authors: Spriano Giuseppe , Piantanida Renato , Pellini Raul , Muscatello Luca 
Published: January 2003

AbstractBackground.In head and neck cancer, the best prophylactic treatment for the N0 neck is a subject of debate. Some authors propose lateral selective lymph node dissection (levels II–IV) on the basis of the probability of finding occult metastases in those lymph nodes. A more extensive procedure including Vth level is considered unnecessary because of the low incidence of metastases in the posterior triangle.Methods.We retrospectively evaluated 346 N0 patients affected by laryngeal carcinoma and consecutively treated at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of the Ospedale di Circolo, Varese, Italy. The patients underwent elective selective neck dissection (levels II–V) for a total of 602 dissected heminecks.Result.Seventy heminecks (11.6%) were pN+, and in 10 of 70 cases (14.3%) level V was involved; in 5 of 10 metastases were isolated.Conclusion.Our retrospective study confirms the probabilistic criteria of the incidence of occult metastasis by level in laryngeal cancer. On the basis of our data Vth level nodes, although very rarely, 10 of 604 (1.6%), are involved with laryngeal cancer. Our approach to routinely dissect Vth level nodes is discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 25: 97–102, 2003
Anterior cranial base reconstruction using free tissue transfer: Changing trends
Authors: Califano Joseph , Cordeiro Peter G. , Disa Joseph J. , Hidalgo David A. , DuMornay Wilson , Bilsky Mark H. , Gutin Philip H. , Shah Jatin P. , Kraus Dennis H. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractIntroduction.A consecutive series of 135 patients undergoing resection for malignant tumors involving the anterior cranial base between 1976 and 1999 was reviewed.Patient and Methods.In the years from 1976–1991, free‐tissue transfer was used in 5 of 76 or 6.6% of cases, whereas free‐tissue reconstruction was used in 24 of 59 or 40% of cases in the years 1992–1999. Of those cases reconstructed with free‐tissue transfer in 1976–1991, 60% (three of five) underwent a complex resection defined as involving dura, brain, or more than one major structure adjacent to skull base. Of those patients reconstructed with conventional (pericranial or pericranial/galeal) pedicled flaps in this time period, 35% (25 of 71) underwent a complex resection. From 1992–1999, 75% (18 of 24) of patients reconstructed with free‐tissue transfer received a complex resection, whereas only 6% (2 of 35) of patients reconstructed by other means received a complex resection.Outcomes.For those patients reconstructed by free‐tissue transfer, there were no instances of flap loss. Comparison of these two time periods was notable for a similar patient composition in terms of age, histologic findings, and extent of resection. Major complication rates for patients who are reconstructed with free‐tissue transfer for anterior cranial base resections (31%) are similar compared with patients who have been reconstructed with conventional pedicled flaps (35%). This was noted despite an increased extent and complexity of resection in those patients who underwent free‐tissue transfer reconstruction (72%) compared with those patients reconstructed by more conventional means (26%) p < .001.Conclusion.In our institution, the use of vascularized, free‐tissue transfer has replaced pedicled flaps as the preferred modality for reconstructing complex anterior cranial base defects involving resection of dura, brain, or multiple major structures adjacent to local skull base, including the orbit, palate, and other structures. Complication rates for patients reconstructed with free‐tissue transfer techniques is similar to those patients reconstructed by conventional techniques, despite an increase in complexity of resection in this group. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 24: 000–000, 2002
Arteria lusoria identified on preoperative CT and nonrecurrent inferior laryngeal nerve during thyroidectomy: A retrospective study
Authors: Hermans Robert , Dewandel Patricia , Debruyne Frans , Delaere Pierre R. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractBackground.To evaluate surgical identification of nonrecurrence of the inferior laryngeal nerve (NRILN) during thyroidectomy in patients with an aberrant subclavian artery (a. lusoria) as seen on CT.Material and Methods.The medical files of patients treated by thyroidectomy between January 1998–December 2000 (n = 583) were retrospectively reviewed for preoperative and postoperative mobility of the vocal cords and perioperative identification of NRILN. The available preoperative CT studies (n = 163) were reviewed for presence of a. lusoria.Results.In five patients, the CT study revealed an a. lusoria (3.16%). In one of five of these patients, an NRILN was surgically detected; the overall detection rate of NRILN was 0.21%. In one of four patients with nonidentification of this nerve during surgery, immediate unilateral and permanent vocal cord paralysis were present after surgery. No permanent vocal cord paralysis occurred in any of the other patients.Conclusion.The identification of a. lusoria should alert the radiologist and surgeon that a NRILN is present, allowing an anticipating surgical technique, reducing the risk of neural injury. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 25:113–117, 2003
Introduction: Psychosocial consequences of the war in the region of former Yugoslavia
Authors: Rosner Rita 
Published: January 2003

AbstractEditorials usually reflect research topics addressed in the articles which follow them as well as highlight central issues, providing an overview of the topic and sometimes outlining its historical development. Most of this is true for this editorial, but there is—unfortunately—an immediate connection to the current political situation as well: I am writing this two weeks after the attacks on the World Trade Center, and many people all over the world are afraid that war may now threaten countries not affected by war for many years. The threat of war makes us think more about the multiple medical and psychosocial consequences which follow it. Yet, there is no such thing as “war.” Each war has its own profile of events which interact with the particular societies involved and with the people in the war region. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 59: 1–8, 2003.
The efficacy of a mental health program in Bosnia‐Herzegovina: Impact on coping and general health
Authors: Mooren Trudy T.M. , de Jong Kaz , Kleber Rolf J. , Ruvic Jadranka 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe efficacy of a community‐based psychosocial program in Bosnia‐Herzegovina during the war and immediate postwar years (1994–1999) was described in this article. Ten centers provided various kinds of psychological help in the besieged city of Sarajevo and the towns of Zenica, Travnik, and Vitez. Since 1994, an intensive monitoring system has documented data on clients, interventions, and outcomes. This study focused on the systematic evaluation of counseling interventions aimed to alleviate the distress in wartime. The sample consisted of 3,283 and 1,785 inhabitants of Sarajevo, Zenica, Travnik, and Vitez who filled out the GHQ‐28 and IES respectively. Pre‐ and post‐assessments were compared throughout consecutive years (1994–1999) and across age groups and both sexes. Outcomes of these scales reflected very high scores, especially among people between 30 and 40 years of age. Furthermore, intake scores increased in time rather than decreased. Differences between pre‐ and postmeasurements are highly significant—throughout the years. Analyses revealed substantial proportions of clinically recovered or generally improved individual functioning, although some clients revealed no improvement. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 59: 57–69, 2003.
The effects of dietary fat and caloric content on the body‐size estimates of Anorexic Profile and normal college students
Authors: Hoyt Wendy D. , Hamilton Scott B. , Rickard Kathryn M. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractAnorexic‐Profile (AP) and Normal‐Profile (NP) college‐women's body‐size estimates of a fictitious female student (target) consuming a regular diet of high‐ vs low‐fat/calorie foods were compared. Participants initially were divided into four groups based on scores from the Eating‐Disorders Inventory (AP and NP) and Body‐Mass Index Scores (Low and High Body Mass) and then randomly assigned to one of four dietary conditions. Participants then rated the estimated body size of the target using the Figure‐Rating Scale. Significant main effects were found for profile status (AP vs NP), caloric content, and fat content. The significant two‐way interaction of profile status and dietary fat revealed a greater increase in body‐size estimates for AP vs NP participants as the diet of the target changed from low to high fat. Results highlight the importance given to dietary fat, especially among AP women, when predicting likely effects on body size. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 59: 85–91, 2003.
The Japanese version of the Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist—Revised: Development and validation
Authors: Yasuda Tomoyuki , Lubin Bernard , Kim Juhu , Van Whitlock Rodney 
Published: January 2003

AbstractIn order to develop a Japanese version of the Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist—Revised (MAACL‐R), the 66 scored adjectives were translated into Japanese and translated back into English as recommended by Werner and Campbell (1971). Confirmatory factor analyses evidenced the existence of five first‐order factors (i.e., the anxiety, depression, hostility, positive affect, and sensation‐seeking factors) and the two second‐order factors (i.e., the dysphoric and pleasant affect factors) underlying the response to the Japanese MAACL‐R. Internal consistency ranged from .73 to .91, and four‐week retest reliability ranged from .67 to .74 on the seven scales (Anxiety, Depression, Hostility, Positive Affect, Sensation Seeking, Dysphoria, and PASS). Although correlations with the scales of the State‐Trait Personality Inventory, State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale, a sensation‐seeking scale, and a subjective well‐being scale indicated only acceptable discriminant validity, adequate convergent validity was evidenced by the examination of these correlations. The Japanese version of the MAACL‐R seems to be ready for use in research. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 59: 93–109, 2003.