bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reaction‐Induced Liquid Crystalline Polybenzoxazine Bearing Aromatic Amide Side Branches
Authors: Rafique Irum , Liu Baoliang , Said Amir , Khan Shahid , Lu Zaijun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this study, a nematic phase structure is incorporated into polybenzoxazine to increase its thermal conductivity. A simple route for the synthesis of a thermally conductive polybenzoxazine containing liquid crystalline (LC) structure by grafting oligomeric p‐sulfophenylene‐terephthalamide (PSTA) is offered. Benzoxazine monomer of pHBA‐da is synthesized via Mannich reaction of p‐hydroxy benzoic acid, p‐formaldehyde, and dodecyl amine. After ring‐opening polymerization, the oligomer benzoxazine of OBZ─COOH is obtained. The OBZ─COOH/PSTA mixture is prepared by mixing PSTA with OBZ─COOH. Afterward, the grafted copolymer is named OBZ─PSTA copolymer. The liquid crystalline behavior of OBZ─COOH/PSTA is studied by polarized optical microscopy and small angle X‐ray scattering analysis. The results show that the OBZ─PSTA forms the LC structure during isothermal and non‐isothermal curing. The LC structure displays a floral textured nematic phase. The phase formation is induced by an amidation reaction. Due to the grafts of LC PSTA, the thermal conductivity of OBZ─PSTA is 0.296 W m−1 K−1, which is 26% greater than OBZ─COOH. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of OBZ─PSTA is 241 °C. The 5% (Td5) and 10% weight loss temperatures (Td10) of OBZ─PSTA are 346 and 362 °C, respectively.
Physical, chemical, and biological evaluation of domestic laundry greywater discharges to attract reclamation strategies and reuse applications in urban settings
Authors: Khapra Rajat , Singh Nirankar 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDue to increasing freshwater demand and limited availability of resources, conservation and recycling of greywater are getting attention worldwide. Greywater (GW) is considered a potential contender to different types of industrial wastewater in terms of recyclability, toxicity, and reusability. The reuse and treatment methodologies in the case of LGW mainly depend on parameters such as pH, Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), Chemical oxygen demand (COD), Total dissolved solids (TDS), Total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity, ionic concentration, surfactants, and microbial growth. Available literature suggests that domestic as well as commercial laundries are major contributors to greywater around the globe. This paper presents the results of investigations conducted on the quantity and quality of greywater generated from domestic urban laundries. Various factors were observed that influence the quantity of generated LGW such as family size, type of washing (machine or manual), and composition of LGW influenced by the work profile of family members, etc. The average values of BOD, COD, TSS, TDS, turbidity, Chloride (Cl−), Sulphate (SO42−), Fluoride (F−), Nitrate (NO3−), and anionic surfactants as MBAS (methylene blue active substances) were observed as 265.73 mgL−1, 1754.67 mgL−1, 469.13 mgL−1, 1837.73 mgL−1, 281.8 NTU, 438.6 mgL−1, 87.93 mgL−1, 0.87 mgL−1, 6.83 mgL−1, and 16.45 mgL−1, respectively. The average concentration of Escherichia coli and total coliforms was observed to be 73.4 MPN/100 mL (most probable number per 100 mL) and 386.2 MPN/100 mL, respectively. The high values of selected parameters necessitate the planning of greywater treatment in urban locations for re‐utilization. This study also revealed that a huge amount of freshwater is being converted to greywater by domestic laundries that can be re‐utilized for non‐potable purposes after some treatment.
Prosociality in Shared Leadership from the Finnish Principals’ Viewpoint
Authors: Yada Takumi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis chapter aims to explore the role of prosociality when exercising shared leadership in Finnish schools. Educational professionals work collectively to generate expertise conducive for shared leadership. Importantly, shared leadership could be deeply related to helping each other, which is referred to as prosociality. Potential development of shared leadership is achieved with help from others. However, no previous study has investigated the role of prosociality in exercising shared leadership. Therefore, research question is formed as following: How do the principals represent prosociality in shared leadership? This study explored prosociality through the lens of three aspects of prosociality: prosocial motivation, behaviour, and impact. Data were collected through a semi-structured interview from 12 Finnish principals in primary and lower secondary schools. The data were analysed with a thematic analysis in a deductive manner according to the three prosocial aspects. The findings showed that the principals acknowledge the prosocial elements that are deeply related to shared leadership. Moreover, the role of prosocial impact was highlighted by the principals.
Positioning and Conceptualising Finnish Pedagogical Leadership in the International Setting
Authors: Alava Jukka , Kovalainen Marja Terttu , Risku Mika 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis chapter presents the conceptual evolvement of Finnish pedagogical leadership in the international setting. There are three main scopes. First, we discuss the historical evolvement of school leadership in Finland. This started in the 1950s with the first initiatives towards pedagogical leadership. Then, we describe the findings of the studies of several researchers to identify various aspects and nuances of pedagogical leadership till today. Second, we discuss the findings of one of the latest theorising studies on Finnish pedagogical leadership, present its four axioms of pedagogical leadership and connect these with various international studies ending with a new understanding of the core of Finnish pedagogical leadership. Third, we combine the findings of the historical scope, and several recent Finnish studies in pedagogical leadership. Finally, we present the novel understanding of Finnish pedagogical leadership in more detail, its core, its orientations, its goals and its processes. Last, we make a proposal for a paradigm shift for teachers, day-care centre and school leaders, and educational leader educating organisations.
Tourism and Conservation-Based Development in the Periphery
Authors: Bosak Keith , Gale-Detrich Trace , Ednie Andrea 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis overview introduces the major concepts and themes that are addressed within the three parts of this book (Part I: Evolution of the green economy in Patagonia; Part II: Contemporary conservation-based development: challenges for green integration; and Part III: Building resilience and sustainability). Fundamental concepts, including core–periphery interactions, conservation-based development, and imaginaries, are described, and we explain how they are prominent themes within this book’s chapters. A geographical overview of the studies represented within this book is provided, along with an outline of the geopolitical and historical contexts of the imaginary region of Patagonia. The three book parts are contextualized within the context of some of the major challenges facing nature-based tourism in Patagonia, including recent and upcoming initiatives that may contribute to sustainability and resilience. This chapter concludes with an overview of this book’s contributors.
Employing Local Tourism Councils to Improve Protected Area Tourism Development and Governance in the Aysén Region of Chile
Authors: Rovira Adriano , Inostroza Villanueva Gabriel , Pacheco Habert Guillermo Sebastián , Szmulewicz Pablo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis chapter presents a recent regional project developed to improve tourism governance in and around the protected areas (PAs) administered by the National System of State Natural Protected Areas (SNASPE) within the Aysén Region of Chile. The project focused on the design of a participatory multi-scale governance and management system that would enable local communities to work with SNASPE PAs and improve tourism services for visitors, both within PAs and within the surrounding communities. As part of the project, a proposal for the creation of Local Tourism Councils (LTC) was developed. In this chapter, we discuss the validation of the proposed local governance model through a pilot implementation of the LTC concept, within the Cerro Castillo National Park (CCNP) and two of its primary gateway communities: Cerro Castillo Village and Puerto Ingeniero Ibáñez. Early outcomes for the CCNP and its gateway communities seem to support the potential for the LTC model. We present a series of enabling factors observed during the project that may inform the creation of other LTCs in other areas. Achieving this outcome would help stimulate local economies and improve the potential for tourism development to be compatible with the conservation of natural and cultural heritage.
Geometric phases characterise operator algebras and missing information
Authors: Banerjee Souvik , Dorband Moritz , Erdmenger Johanna , Weigel Anna-Lena 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We show how geometric phases may be used to fully describe quantum systems, with or without gravity, by providing knowledge about the geometry and topology of its Hilbert space. We find a direct relation between geometric phases and von Neumann algebras. In particular, we show that a vanishing geometric phase implies the existence of a well-defined trace functional on the algebra. We discuss how this is realised within the AdS/CFT correspondence for the eternal black hole. On the other hand, a non-vanishing geometric phase indicates missing information for a local observer, associated to reference frames covering only parts of the quantum system considered. We illustrate this with several examples, ranging from a single spin in a magnetic field to Virasoro Berry phases and the geometric phase associated to the eternal black hole in AdS spacetime. For the latter, a non-vanishing geometric phase is tied to the presence of a centre in the associated von Neumann algebra.
Violation of the Landau-Yang theorem from infrared Lorentz symmetry breaking
Authors: Asorey M. , Balachandran A. P. , Momen M. Arshad , Qureshi B. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Lorentz symmetry forbids decays of massive spin-1 particle like the Z0 into two massless photons, a result known as the Landau-Yang theorem. But it is known that infrared effects can break Lorentz invariance. Employing the construction of Mund et al. [1] which incorporated this Lorentz violation, we propose an interaction leading to the decay Z0→ 2γ and study the dependence of the decay on the parameter of this Lorentz violation.
Fuzzballs and random matrices
Authors: Das Suman , Garg Sumit K. , Krishnan Chethan , Kundu Arnab 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Black holes are believed to have the fast scrambling properties of random matrices. If the fuzzball proposal is to be a viable model for quantum black holes, it should reproduce this expectation. This is considered challenging, because it is natural for the modes on a fuzzball microstate to follow Poisson statistics. In a previous paper, we noted a potential loophole here, thanks to the modes depending not just on the n-quantum number, but also on the J-quantum numbers of the compact dimensions. For a free scalar field ϕ, by imposing a Dirichlet boundary condition ϕ = 0 at the stretched horizon, we showed that this J-dependence leads to a linear ramp in the Spectral Form Factor (SFF). Despite this, the status of level repulsion remained mysterious. In this letter, motivated by the profile functions of BPS fuzzballs, we consider a generic profile ϕ = ϕ0(θ) instead of ϕ = 0 at the stretched horizon. For various notions of genericity (eg. when the Fourier coefficients of ϕ0(θ) are suitably Gaussian distributed), we find that the J-dependence of the spectrum exhibits striking evidence of level repulsion, along with the linear ramp. We also find that varying the profile leads to natural interpolations between Poisson and Wigner-Dyson(WD)-like spectra. The linear ramp in our previous work can be understood as arising via an extreme version of level repulsion in such a limiting spectrum. We also explain how the stretched horizon/fuzzball is different in these aspects from simply putting a cut-off in flat space or AdS (i.e., without a horizon).
Mechanical stress confers nuclear and functional changes in derived leukemia cells from persistent confined migration
Authors: de Lope-Planelles Ana , González-Novo Raquel , Madrazo Elena , Peralta-Carrero Gracia , Cruz Rodríguez María Pilar , Zamora-Carreras Héctor , Torrano Verónica , López-Menéndez Horacio , Roda-Navarro Pedro , Monroy Francisco , Redondo-Muñoz Javier 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNuclear deformability plays a critical role in cell migration. During this process, the remodeling of internal components of the nucleus has a direct impact on DNA damage and cell behavior; however, how persistent migration promotes nuclear changes leading to phenotypical and functional consequences remains poorly understood. Here, we described that the persistent migration through physical barriers was sufficient to promote permanent modifications in migratory-altered cells. We found that derived cells from confined migration showed changes in lamin B1 localization, cell morphology and transcription. Further analysis confirmed that migratory-altered cells showed functional differences in DNA repair, cell response to chemotherapy and cell migration in vivo homing experiments. Experimental modulation of actin polymerization affected the redistribution of lamin B1, and the basal levels of DNA damage in migratory-altered cells. Finally, since major nuclear changes were present in migratory-altered cells, we applied a multidisciplinary biochemical and biophysical approach to identify that confined conditions promoted a different biomechanical response of the nucleus in migratory-altered cells. Our observations suggest that mechanical compression during persistent cell migration has a role in stable nuclear and genomic alterations that might handle the genetic instability and cellular heterogeneity in aging diseases and cancer.
Capillarity-driven Stokes flow: the one-phase problem as small viscosity limit
Authors: Matioc Bogdan-Vasile , Prokert Georg 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe consider the quasistationary Stokes flow that describes the motion of a two-dimensional fluid body under the influence of surface tension effects in an unbounded, infinite-bottom geometry. We reformulate the problem as a fully nonlinear parabolic evolution problem for the function that parameterizes the boundary of the fluid with the nonlinearities expressed in terms of singular integrals. We prove well-posedness of the problem in the subcritical Sobolev spaces $$H^s(\mathbb {R})$$

H
s

(
R
)

up to critical regularity, and establish parabolic smoothing properties for the solutions. Moreover, we identify the problem as the singular limit of the two-phase quasistationary Stokes flow when the viscosity of one of the fluids vanishes.
Cantharidin and sodium fluoride attenuate the negative inotropic effects of carbachol in the isolated human atrium
Authors: Schwarz Rebecca , Hofmann Britt , Gergs Ulrich , Neumann Joachim 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCarbachol, an agonist at muscarinic receptors, exerts a negative inotropic effect in human atrium. Carbachol can activate protein phosphatases (PP1 or PP2A). We hypothesized that cantharidin or sodium fluoride, inhibitors of PP1 and PP2A, may attenuate a negative inotropic effect of carbachol. During bypass-surgery trabeculae carneae of human atrial preparations (HAP) were obtained. These trabeculae were mounted in organ baths and electrically stimulated (1 Hz). Force of contraction was measured under isometric conditions. For comparison, we studied isolated electrically stimulated left atrial preparations (LA) from mice. Cantharidin (100 µM) and sodium fluoride (3 mM) increased force of contraction in LA (n = 5–8, p < 0.05) by 113% ± 24.5% and by 100% ± 38.2% and in HAP (n = 13–15, p < 0.05) by 625% ± 169% and by 196% ± 23.5%, respectively. Carbachol (1 µM) alone exerted a rapid transient maximum negative inotropic effect in LA (n = 6) and HAP (n = 14) to 46.9% ± 3.63% and 19.4% ± 3.74%, respectively (p < 0.05). These negative inotropic effects were smaller in LA (n = 4–6) and HAP (n = 9–12) pretreated with 100 µM cantharidin and amounted to 58.0% ± 2.27% and 59.2% ± 6.19% or 3 mM sodium fluoride to 63.7% ± 9.84% and 46.3% ± 5.69%, (p < 0.05). We suggest that carbachol, at least in part, exerts a negative inotropic effect in the human atrium by stimulating the enzymatic activity of PP1 and/or PP2A.
The weakening AMOC under extreme climate change
Authors: Madan Gaurav , Gjermundsen Ada , Iversen Silje C. , LaCasce Joseph H. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractChanges in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) in the quadrupled CO2 experiments conducted under the sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) are examined. Increased CO2 triggers extensive Arctic warming, causing widespread melting of sea ice. The resulting freshwater spreads southward, first from the Labrador Sea and then the Nordic Seas, and proceeds along the eastern coast of North America. The freshwater enters the subpolar gyre north of the separated Gulf Stream, the North Atlantic Current. This decreases the density gradient across the current and the current weakens in response, reducing the inflow to the deepwater production regions. The AMOC cell weakens in tandem, first near the North Atlantic Current and then spreading to higher and lower latitudes. This contrasts with the common perception that freshwater caps the convection regions, stifling deepwater production; rather, it is the inflow to the subpolar gyre that is suppressed. Changes in surface temperature have a much weaker effect, and there are no consistent changes in local or remote wind forcing among the models. Thus an increase in freshwater discharge, primarily from the Labrador Sea, is the precursor to AMOC weakening in these simulations.
Outcomes of hypothalamic oxytocin neuron-driven cardioprotection after acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Schunke Kathryn J. , Rodriguez Jeannette , Dyavanapalli Jhansi , Schloen John , Wang Xin , Escobar Joan , Kowalik Grant , Cheung Emily C. , Ribeiro Caitlin , Russo Rebekah , Alber Bridget R. , Dergacheva Olga , Chen Sheena W. , Murillo-Berlioz Alejandro E. , Lee Kyongjune B. , Trachiotis Gregory , Entcheva Emilia , Brantner Christine A. , Mendelowitz David , Kay Matthew W. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAltered autonomic balance is a hallmark of numerous cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction (MI). Although device-based vagal stimulation is cardioprotective during chronic disease, a non-invasive approach to selectively stimulate the cardiac parasympathetic system immediately after an infarction does not exist and is desperately needed. Cardiac vagal neurons (CVNs) in the brainstem receive powerful excitation from a population of neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus that co-release oxytocin (OXT) and glutamate to excite CVNs. We tested if chemogenetic activation of PVN-OXT neurons following MI would be cardioprotective. The PVN of neonatal rats was transfected with vectors to selectively express DREADDs within OXT neurons. At 6 weeks of age, an MI was induced and DREADDs were activated with clozapine-N-oxide. Seven days following MI, patch-clamp electrophysiology confirmed the augmented excitatory neurotransmission from PVN-OXT neurons to downstream nuclei critical for parasympathetic activity with treatment (43.7 ± 10 vs 86.9 ± 9 pA; MI vs. treatment), resulting in stark improvements in survival (85% vs. 95%; MI vs. treatment), inflammation, fibrosis assessed by trichrome blue staining, mitochondrial function assessed by Seahorse assays, and reduced incidence of arrhythmias (50% vs. 10% cumulative incidence of ventricular fibrillation; MI vs. treatment). Myocardial transcriptomic analysis provided molecular insight into potential cardioprotective mechanisms, which revealed the preservation of beneficial signaling pathways, including muscarinic receptor activation, in treated animals. These comprehensive results demonstrate that the PVN-OXT network could be a promising therapeutic target to quickly activate beneficial parasympathetic-mediated cellular pathways within the heart during the early stages of infarction.
Worst-Case Optimal Covering of Rectangles by Disks
Authors: Fekete Sándor P. , Gupta Utkarsh , Keldenich Phillip , Shah Sahil , Scheffer Christian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe provide the solution for a fundamental problem of geometric optimization by giving a complete characterization of worst-case optimal disk coverings of rectangles: For any $$\lambda \ge 1$$

λ
≥
1

, the critical covering area $$A^*(\lambda )$$

A
∗

(
λ
)

is the minimum value for which any set of disks with total area at least $$A^*(\lambda )$$

A
∗

(
λ
)

can cover a rectangle of dimensions $$\lambda \times 1$$

λ
×
1

. We show that there is a threshold value $$\lambda _2 = \sqrt{\sqrt{7}/2 - 1/4} \approx 1.035797\ldots $$

λ
2

=

7

/
2
-
1
/
4

≈
1.035797
…

, such that for $$\lambda <\lambda _2$$

λ
<

λ
2

the critical covering area $$A^*(\lambda )$$

A
∗

(
λ
)

is $$A^*(\lambda )=3\pi \left( \frac{\lambda ^2}{16} +\frac{5}{32} + \frac{9}{256\lambda ^2}\right) $$

A
∗

(
λ
)

=
3
π

λ
2

16

+

5
32

+

9

256

λ
2

, and for $$\lambda \ge \lambda _2$$

λ
≥

λ
2

, the critical area is $$A^*(\lambda )=\pi (\lambda ^2+2)/4$$

A
∗

(
λ
)

=
π

(

λ
2

+
2
)

/
4

; these values are tight. For the special case $$\lambda =1$$

λ
=
1

, i.e., for covering a unit square, the critical covering area is $$\frac{195\pi }{256}\approx 2.39301\ldots $$

195
π

256

≈
2.39301
…

. The proof uses a careful combination of manual and automatic analysis, demonstrating the power of the employed interval arithmetic technique.
Dog in sheep’s clothing: livestock depredation by free-ranging dogs may pose new challenges to wolf conservation
Authors: Lino Sofia , Rossa Mariana , Fernandes Joana M. , Barros Tânia , Lino Ana , Hipólito Dário , Ferreira Eduardo , Aliácar Sara C. , Cadete Duarte , Fonseca Carlos , Torres Rita T. , Rosalino Luís M. , Carvalho João 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLivestock depredation is a common cause of human-carnivore conflicts. In Portugal, free-ranging dogs are increasingly abundant and overlap endangered Iberian wolf territories, with reports of livestock depredation. However, the lack of awareness about dogs’ possible role as predators leads to bias against wolves in cases of damages. Our goal was to assess and compare wolf and free-ranging dog’s diet composition at southern wolf range in Portugal, to offer insights on dogs’ predatory role on livestock and its implications for the conservation of an endangered wolf subpopulation. We assessed diet composition from 107 to 95 genetically confirmed wolf and dog scats, respectively, and complemented the analysis with data from 40 attacks on livestock with successful genetic predator assignment. Scat analysis highlighted goats as the most consumed dog prey in all analysed regions, with lagomorphs, small mammals, and wild boars as second most consumed in each region, respectively. Wolves mainly relied on goats and wild boars in the west, whereas in the central region they mostly fed on birds. The dietary overlap between both canids was very high (Pianka’s index O = 0.93), showing potential for competition. Additionally, we found that dogs were the sole predators detected in most attacks (62%). Our findings highlight dogs’ role as predators of livestock, and possibly also wild species, posing a further challenge to wolf conservation. Alongside adequate husbandry practices, we emphasise the need for a stronger enforcement of the legislation on dog ownership and an effective management of the stray population to reduce human-wolf conflict.