bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping geographic disparities in treatment and clinical outcomes of high-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in the United States
Authors: Dicpinigaitis Alis J , Fortunato Michael P , Goyal Anjali , Syed Shoaib A , Patel Rohan , Subah Galadu , Rosenberg Jon B , Bowers Christian A , Mayer Stephan A , Jankowitz Brian , Gandhi Chirag D , Al-Mufti Fawaz 
Published: February 2024

Background and objective
Although high-grade (Hunt and Hess 4 and 5) aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) typically portends a poor prognosis, early and aggressive treatment has previously been demonstrated to confer a significant survival advantage. This study aims to evaluate geographic, demographic, and socioeconomic determinants of high-grade aSAH treatment in the United States.

Methods
The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) was queried to identify adult high-grade aSAH hospitalizations during the period of 2015 to 2019 using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD) codes. The primary clinical endpoint of this analysis was aneurysm treatment by surgical or endovascular intervention (SEI), while the exposure of interest was geographic region by census division. Favorable functional outcome (assessed by the dichotomous NIS-SAH Outcome Measure, or NIS-SOM) and in-hospital mortality were evaluated as secondary endpoints in treated and conservatively managed groups.

Results
Among 99 460 aSAH patients identified, 36 795 (37.0%) were high-grade, and 9210 (25.0%) of these were treated by SEI. Following multivariable logistic regression analysis, determinants of treatment by SEI included female sex (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.42, 95% CI 1.35 to 1.51), transfer admission (aOR 1.18, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.25), private insurance (ref: government-sponsored insurance) (aOR 1.21, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.28), and government hospital ownership (ref: private ownership) (aOR 1.17, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.25), while increasing age (by decade) (aOR 0.93, 95% CI 0.91 to 0.95), increasing mortality risk (aOR 0.60, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.63), urban non-teaching hospital status (aOR 0.66, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.73), rural hospital location (aOR 0.13, 95% CI 0.7 to 0.25), small hospital bedsize (aOR 0.68, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.76), and geographic region (South Atlantic (aOR 0.72, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.83), East South Central (aOR 0.75, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.88), and Mountain (aOR 0.72, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.85)) were associated with a lower likelihood of treatment. High-grade aSAH patients treated by SEI experienced significantly greater rates of favorable functional outcomes (20.1% vs 17.3%; OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.28, P<0.001) and lower rates of mortality (25.8% vs 49.1%; OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.38, P<0.001) in comparison to those conservatively managed.

Conclusion
A complex interplay of demographic, socioeconomic, and geographic factors influence treatment patterns of high-grade aSAH in the United States.
Palliative radiotherapy: survival prognostic factors - single-centre retrospective cohort study
Authors: Cooper Sian , Denholm Mary , Malek Abdul Shawal , Rubasingham Jeffrey Arun , Tsang David 
Published: February 2024

ObjectivePatients with non-curative malignancy can receive palliative radiotherapy (PR) to alleviate symptoms. However, choosing the right patient to receive PR can be challenging, as some patients may not survive long enough to gain benefit. This study aims to identify prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and 30-day mortality (30DM) following PR and to test these in a real-world cohort.MethodA retrospectively collected data set of all adults completing PR between 1 August 2018 and 31 December 2018 at a single centre (n=214, Southend University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK) was used to test prognostic factors. Factors such as demographics, tumour primary, treatment area, fractionation regime, performance status (PS), progressive disease (PD), opioid or steroid use and haemoglobin level, as well as overall survival, were collected. Cox regression was used to examine survival predictors, and logistic regression was used to determine the predictive strength of factors for 30DM.ResultsOverall 30DM was 14%. There was significantly worse survival in patients with poor PS (HR 1.2406, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.64. p=0.01). Patients with PS 3 had a median OS of 75 days and were more likely to experience 30DM (OR 6.2, 95% CI 1.226 to 45.42, p=0.03). Patients with PD outside of the radiation field (46%, 30 out of 65 documented) had significantly worse OS (HR 5.24, 95% CI 2.19 to 12.5, p<0.001).ConclusionPoor PS and PD were prognostic of OS and 30DM. Future work should include validation with a prospectively collected cohort.
Interview with Mariusz Pisarski
Authors: Atzenbeck Claus 
Published: February 2024

Dr Mariusz Pisarski is a hypertext scholar, translator, publisher, the chief editor of "Techsty"---a Polish journal on new media and literature. He teaches creative writing, hypertext, Twine and non-linear storytelling. His translation and media translation projects include Polish editions of Michael Joyce's hypertext fictions, poetry generator "Sea and Spar Between" by Stephanie Strickland and Nick Montfort and "Hegirascope" by Stuart Moulthrop. Recently he has created the online English edition of "Twilight. A Symphony" (2022) by Michael Joyce.
His forthcoming publication is "The Challenges of Born-Digital Fiction: Editions, Translations, and Emulations" (co-authored with Dene Grigar) by Cambridge University Press. He is an assistant professor at Chair of Media and Journalism, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszów, Poland and the secretary of Electronic Literature Research Center at Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań.
Breast Cancer Index and Prediction of Extended Aromatase Inhibitor Therapy Benefit in Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer from the NRG Oncology/NSABP B-42 Trial
Authors: Mamounas Eleftherios P. , Bandos Hanna , Rastogi Priya , Zhang Yi , Treuner Kai , Lucas Peter C. , Geyer Charles E. , Fehrenbacher Louis , Chia Stephen K. , Brufsky Adam M. , Walshe Janice M. , Soori Gamini S. , Dakhil Shaker , Paik Soonmyung , Swain Sandra M. , Sgroi Dennis C. , Schnabel Catherine A. , Wolmark Norman 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
BCI (H/I) has been shown to predict extended endocrine therapy (EET) benefit. We examined BCI (H/I) for EET benefit prediction in NSABP B-42, which evaluated extended letrozole therapy (ELT) in patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer after 5 years of ET.

Experimental Design:
A stratified Cox model was used to analyze RFI as the primary endpoint, with DR, BCFI, and DFS as secondary endpoints. Because of a nonproportional effect of ELT on DR, time-dependent analyses were performed.

Results:
The translational cohort included 2,178 patients (45% BCI (H/I)-High, 55% BCI (H/I)-Low). ELT showed an absolute 10-year RFI benefit of 1.6% (P = 0.10), resulting in an underpowered primary analysis (50% power). ELT benefit and BCI (H/I) did not show a significant interaction for RFI (BCI (H/I)-Low: 10 years absolute benefit 1.1% [HR, 0.70; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.43–1.12; P = 0.13]; BCI (H/I)-High: 2.4% [HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.55–1.26; P = 0.38]; Pinteraction = 0.56). Time-dependent DR analysis showed that after 4 years, BCI (H/I)-High patients had significant ELT benefit (HR = 0.29; 95% CI, 0.12–0.69; P &lt; 0.01), whereas BCI (H/I)-Low patients were less likely to benefit (HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.33–1.39; P = 0.29; Pinteraction = 0.14). Prediction of ELT benefit by BCI (H/I) was more apparent in the HER2- subset after 4 years (ELT-by-BCI (H/I) Pinteraction = 0.04).

Conclusions:
BCI (H/I)-High versus BCI (H/I)-Low did not show a statistically significant difference in ELT benefit for the primary endpoint (RFI). However, in time-dependent DR analysis, BCI (H/I)-High patients experienced statistically significant benefit from ELT after 4 years, whereas (H/I)-Low patients did not. Because BCI (H/I) has been validated as a predictive marker of EET benefit in other trials, additional follow-up may enable further characterization of BCI's predictive ability.
Circulating microRNA Analysis in a Prospective Co-clinical Trial Identifies MIR652–3p as a Response Biomarker and Driver of Regorafenib Resistance Mechanisms in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Hedayat Somaieh , Cascione Luciano , Cunningham David , Schirripa Marta , Lampis Andrea , Hahne Jens C. , Tunariu Nina , Hong Sung Pil , Marchetti Silvia , Khan Khurum , Fontana Elisa , Angerilli Valentina , Delrieux Mia , Nava Rodrigues Daniel , Procaccio Letizia , Rao Sheela , Watkins David , Starling Naureen , Chau Ian , Braconi Chiara , Fotiadis Nicos , Begum Ruwaida , Guppy Naomy , Howell Louise , Valenti Melanie , Cribbes Scott , Kolozsvari Bernadett , Kirkin Vladimir , Lonardi Sara , Ghidini Michele , Passalacqua Rodolfo , Elghadi Raghad , Magnani Luca , Pinato David J. , Di Maggio Federica , Ghelardi Filippo , Sottotetti Elisa , Vetere Guglielmo , Ciracì Paolo , Vlachogiannis Georgios , Pietrantonio Filippo , Cremolini Chiara , Cortellini Alessio , Loupakis Fotios , Fassan Matteo , Valeri Nicola 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
The multi-kinase inhibitor (mKi) regorafenib has demonstrated efficacy in chemorefractory patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, lack of predictive biomarkers and concerns over significant toxicities hamper the use of regorafenib in clinical practice.

Experimental Design:
Serial liquid biopsies were obtained at baseline and monthly until disease progression in chemorefractory patients with mCRC treated with regorafenib in a phase II clinical trial (PROSPECT-R n = 40; NCT03010722) and in a multicentric validation cohort (n = 241). Tissue biopsies collected at baseline, after 2 months and at progression in the PROSPECT-R trial were used to establish patient-derived organoids (PDO) and for molecular analyses. MicroRNA profiling was performed on baseline bloods using the NanoString nCounter platform and results were validated by digital-droplet PCR and/or ISH in paired liquid and tissue biopsies. PDOs co-cultures and PDO-xenotransplants were generated for functional analyses.

Results:
Large-scale microRNA expression analysis in longitudinal matched liquid and tissue biopsies from the PROSPECT-R trial identified MIR652–3p as a biomarker of clinical benefit to regorafenib. These findings were confirmed in an independent validation cohort and in a “control” group of 100 patients treated with lonsurf. Using ex vivo co-culture assays paired with single-cell RNA-sequencing of PDO established pre- and post-treatment, we modeled regorafenib response observed in vivo and in patients, and showed that MIR652–3p controls resistance to regorafenib by impairing regorafenib-induced lethal autophagy and by orchestrating the switch from neo-angiogenesis to vessel co-option.

Conclusions:
Our results identify MIR652–3p as a potential biomarker and as a driver of cell and non–cell-autonomous mechanisms of resistance to regorafenib.
Racial Differences in Donor-Derived Cell-Free DNA and Mitochondrial DNA After Heart Transplantation, on Behalf of the GRAfT Investigators
Authors: Shah Palak , Agbor-Enoh Sean , Lee Seiyon , Andargie Temesgen E. , Sinha Shashank S. , Kong Hyesik , Henry Lawrence , Park Woojin , McNair Erick , Tchoukina Inna , Shah Keyur B. , Najjar Samer S. , Hsu Steven , Rodrigo Maria E. , Jang Moon Kyoo , Marboe Charles , Berry Gerald J. , Valantine Hannah A. ,   on behalf of the GRAfT Investigators
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
Black heart transplant patients are at higher risk of acute rejection (AR) and death than White patients. We hypothesized that this risk may be associated with higher levels of donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA) and cell-free mitochondrial DNA.

METHODS:
The Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation is a multicenter, prospective, longitudinal cohort study. Sequencing was used to quantitate dd-cfDNA and polymerase chain reaction to quantitate cell-free mitochondrial DNA in plasma. AR was defined as ≥2R cellular rejection or ≥1 antibody-mediated rejection. The primary composite outcome was AR, graft dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction <50% and decrease by ≥10%), or death.

RESULTS:

We included 148 patients (65 Black patients and 83 White patients), median age was 56 years and 30% female sex. The incidence of AR was higher in Black patients compared with White patients (43% versus 19%;
P
=0.002). Antibody-mediated rejection occurred predominantly in Black patients with a prevalence of 20% versus 2% (
P
<0.001). After transplant, Black patients had higher levels of dd-cfDNA, 0.09% (interquartile range, 0.001–0.30) compared with White patients, 0.05% (interquartile range, 0.001–0.23;
P
=0.003). Beyond 6 months, Black patients showed a persistent rise in dd-cfDNA with higher levels compared with White patients. Cell-free mitochondrial DNA was higher in Black patients (185 788 copies/mL; interquartile range, 101 252–422 133) compared with White patients (133 841 copies/mL; interquartile range, 75 346–337 990;
P
<0.001). The primary composite outcome occurred in 43% and 55% of Black patients at 1 and 2 years, compared with 23% and 27% in White patients,
P
<0.001. In a multivariable model, Black patient race (hazard ratio, 2.61 [95% CI, 1.35–5.04];
P
=0.004) and %dd-cfDNA (hazard ratio, 1.15 [95% CI, 1.03–1.28];
P
=0.010) were associated with the primary composite outcome.

CONCLUSIONS:
Elevated dd-cfDNA and cell-free mitochondrial DNA after heart transplant may mechanistically be implicated in the higher incidence of AR and worse clinical outcomes in Black transplant recipients.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02423070.
Quantifying human gray matter microstructure using neurite exchange imaging (NEXI) and 300 mT/m gradients
Authors: Uhl Quentin , Pavan Tommaso , Molendowska Malwina , Jones Derek K. , Palombo Marco , Jelescu Ileana Ozana 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Biophysical models of diffusion tailored to quantify gray matter microstructure are gathering increasing interest. The two-compartment Neurite EXchange Imaging (NEXI) model has been proposed recently to account for neurites, extra-cellular space, and exchange across the cell membrane. NEXI parameter estimation requires multi-shell multi-diffusion time data and has so far only been implemented experimentally on animal data collected on a preclinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) set-up. In this work, the translation of NEXI to the human cortex in vivo was achieved using a 3 T Connectom MRI system with 300 mT/m gradients, that enables the acquisition of a broad range of b-values (0 – 7.5 ms/µm²) with a window covering short to intermediate diffusion times (20 – 49 ms) suitable for the characteristic exchange times (10 – 50 ms). Microstructure estimates of four model variants: NEXI, NEXIdot (its extension with the addition of a dot compartment), and their respective versions that correct for the Rician noise floor (NEXIRM and NEXIdot,RM) that particularly impacts high b-value signal, were compared. The reliability of estimates in each model variant was evaluated in synthetic and human in vivo data. In the latter, the intra-subject (scan-rescan) versus between-subjects variability of microstructure estimates was compared in the cortex. The better performance of NEXIRM highlights the importance of correcting for Rician bias in the NEXI model to obtain accurate estimates of microstructure parameters in the human cortex, and the sensitivity of the NEXI framework to individual differences in cortical microstructure. This application of NEXI in humans represents a significant step, unlocking new avenues for studying neurodevelopment, aging, and various neurodegenerative disorders.
Better Together: 14-Month-Old Infants Expect Agents to Cooperate
Authors: Vizmathy Liza , Begus Katarina , Knoblich Gunther , Gergely György , Curioni Arianna 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Humans engage in cooperative activities from early on and the breadth of human cooperation is unparalleled. Human preference for cooperation might reflect cognitive and motivational mechanisms that drive engagement in cooperative activities. Here we investigate early indices of humans’ cooperative abilities and test whether 14-month-old infants expect agents to prefer cooperative over individual goal achievement. Three groups of infants saw videos of agents facing a choice between two actions that led to identical rewards but differed in the individual costs. Our results show that, in line with prior research, infants expect agents to make instrumentally rational choices and prefer the less costly of two individual action alternatives. In contrast, when one of the action alternatives is cooperative, infants expect agents to choose cooperation over individual action, even though the cooperative action demands more effort from each agent to achieve the same outcome. Finally, we do not find evidence that infants expect agents to choose the less costly alternative when both options entail cooperative action. Combined, these results indicate an ontogenetically early expectation of cooperation, and raise interesting implications and questions regarding the nature of infants’ representations of cooperative actions and their utility.
Morphology and properties of PC/ABS notebook computer shell prepared by a combined in-mold decoration and microcellular injection molding process
Authors: Lu Yuemei , Liu Jianren , Wang Liandeng 
Published: February 2024

In this paper, the PC/ABS notebook computer shells with PET film were prepared using a combined in-mold decoration and microcellular injection molding (IMD/MIM) process. Then the surface quality, morphology, impact toughness and wear resistance were investigated. The results shown that the surface quality is improved by IMD/MIM technology. The three dimensional surface roughness value (Sa) was about 1/3 of that of MIM parts. The cross-section of IMD/MIM samples have three layers. The first layer is a PET film decoration layer with about 132 µm thickness, followed by skin layer (about 22 µm) and foam layer. The range of thickness of the foam layer for the different specimens is about 7803 µm–7820 µm.The cell diameter is between 0.532 µm and 0.638 µm, which is about 2 times than that of MIM parts. Compared with MIM parts, the shape of the bubbles of IMD/MIM parts is ellipsoid with thinner wall. Moreover, the impact toughness of IMD/MIM parts are higher. The best impact toughness is 21.02 KJ/m2 within the scope of this experiment, which is 74% higher than the corresponding MIM part under the same foaming process. This may due to the PET film and micropores could block the initiation of the tip crack. Meanwhile, the IMD/MIM parts have excellent wear resistance property. In most cases, the wear rate of IMD/MIM parts is about 36.6% of MIM part under the same condition.
Challenges and expectations of international medical graduates moving to the UK: An online survey
Authors: Lane Jenni , Shrotri Nitin , Somani Bhaskar K 
Published: February 2024

Introduction International medical graduates (IMGs) account for 41% of the UK doctor's workforce but often work in isolated roles, receive minimal constructive feedback regarding their work and offered limited opportunities for career progression. We conducted a survey researching the views of IMGs or doctors from ethnic minority backgrounds on the support given to them. Methods A survey was carried out on physician demographics, grade and date of first NHS appointment, familiarity and support offered in NHS, induction and study leave, Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board exams and General Medical Council (GMC) referrals. It was drafted via surveymonkey.co.uk platform and circulated via relevant closed medical groups. Results A total of 173 IMGs and 16 British trained doctors (controls) took the survey. In the IMGs first job, there was no dedicated supervisor, mentor, induction, shadowing period and study leave for 56%, 86%, 52%, 59% and 52%, respectively. Suggestions given for improvements included teaching sessions, mentors, work orientation, supernumerary period and paid induction by 80%, 78%, 76%, 61% and 41% respectively. While 59% of participants knew of another IMG referred to the GMC, the primary reasons given were lack of knowledge of NHS, bias, communication difficulties and cultural differences. Conclusion This paper reflects the views of doctors regarding the support given to IMGs during their first NHS appointment and subsequent jobs in the NHS. IMGs require a focused and detailed induction, mentorship, educational and clinical supervision throughout their transition to the NHS.
Apparent diffusion coefficient for differentiation between extra-nodal lymphoma and squamous cell carcinoma in the head and neck: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Baba Akira , Kurokawa Ryo , Kurokawa Mariko , Rivera-de Choudens Roberto , Srinivasan Ashok 
Published: February 2024

Background Radiological differentiation between extra-nodal lymphoma and squamous cell carcinoma in the head and neck is often difficult due to their similarities. Purpose To evaluate the diagnostic benefit of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) calculated from diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in differentiating the two. Material and Methods A systematic review was performed by searching the MEDLINE, Scopus, and Embase databases in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 statement. Forest plots and the pooled mean difference of ADC values were calculated to describe the relationship between extra-nodal lymphoma and squamous cell carcinoma in the head and neck. Heterogeneity among studies was evaluated using the Cochrane Q test and I2 statistic. Results The review identified eight studies with 440 patients (441 lesions) eligible for meta-analysis. Among all studies, the mean ADC values of squamous cell carcinoma was 0.88 × 10–3mm2/s and that of lymphoma was 0.64 × 10–3mm2/s. In the meta-analysis, the ADC value of lymphoma was significantly lower than that of squamous cell carcinoma (pooled mean difference = 0.235, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.168–0.302, P <0.0001). The Cochrane Q test (chi-square = 55.7, P <0.0001) and I2 statistic (I2 = 87.4%, 95% CI = 77.4–93.0%) revealed significant heterogeneity. Conclusion This study highlights the value of quantitative assessment of ADC for objective and reliable differentiation between extra-nodal lymphoma and squamous cell carcinoma in the head and neck. Conclusions should be interpreted with caution due to heterogeneity in the study data.