bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of a flexible thiopyrylium photosensitizer and competitive inhibitor for pathogen reduction of viruses and bacteria with retention of red cell storage properties
Authors: Wagner Stephen J. , Skripchenko Andrey , Cincotta Louis , Thompson‐Montgomery Dedeene , Awatefe Helen 
Published: April 2005

BACKGROUND: Progress in developing photochemical methods for pathogen reduction of red blood cells (RBCs) has been hampered by hemolysis. A flexible, nucleic acid‐intercalating thiopyrylium (TP) dye that is only photochemically active in the bound state and a competitive inhibitor of RBC membrane binding, dipyridamole (DP), was used to reduce photoinduced hemolysis stemming from free‐ and membrane‐bound dye.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Oxygenated leukodepleted 20% hct RBC suspensions were deliberately inoculated with virus or bacteria, incubated with 200 µmol per L DP and less than or equal to 100 µmol per L TP, illuminated with 1.1 J/cm2 of red light, and titered. RBC suspensions containing 200 µmol per L DP and 160 µmol per L TP were identically phototreated, concentrated to 45% hct, and assayed for RBC storage properties.RESULTS: In RBC suspensions containing DP, TP photoinactivated vesicular stomatitis virus, pseudorabies virus, duck hepatitis B virus, bovine virus diarrhea virus, extracellular human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to the limit of detection and 6.2 log intracellular HIV. More than 5 log inactivation of 6 bacterial species was demonstrated. DP prevented approximately 30% of TP binding to RBCs. Phototreated RBCs that were subsequently stored for 42 days exhibited acceptable levels of hemolysis, morphology scores, extracellular pH, ATP, glucose utilization rates, and lactate production. Treated samples exhibited substantially increased potassium efflux compared to controls.CONCLUSION: Use of TP photosensitizer and DP enables significant levels of pathogen reduction while retaining most, but not all RBC properties during 42 day storage.
Platelet alloimmunization after long‐term red cell transfusion in transfusion‐dependent thalassemia patients
Authors: Lo Shyh‐Chyi , Chang Jhy‐Sheng , Lin Susannah Whay‐Sue , Lin Dong‐Tsamn 
Published: April 2005

BACKGROUND: The platelet (PLT) alloimminization status after long‐term red cell (RBC) transfusion in thalassemia patients was investigated, including antibodies against HLA antigens and PLT‐specific glycoprotein antigens.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Blood samples from a total of 60 thalassemia patients who routinely received washed RBCs were tested for the presence of HLA antibodies and PLT‐specific glycoprotein antibodies with a commercial enzyme immunoassay kit. All patients were rescreened at a follow‐up period of 12 to 15 months.RESULTS: At the first year of study, 19 (31%) patients had HLA antibodies, 13 (22%) had HLA antibodies and PLT‐specific antibodies, and 1 (2%) had PLT‐specific antibodies. One patient showed weak reactive PLT autoantibody. The follow‐up study showed that 7 patients developed HLA antibodies, whereas 1 patient lost HLA antibody activity. Nine patients developed new PLT‐specific antibodies, yet 12 patients lost at least one of their PLT‐specific antibodies.CONCLUSION: Long‐term RBC transfusions can induce PLT alloimmunization, both to HLA antigens and to PLT‐specific antigens. The residual PLTs and white blood cells in RBC components could be the sources of immunization. In our thalassemia patients, HLA antibodies likely sustain longer than PLT‐specific antibodies.
The significance of transfusion in the past as a risk for current hepatitis B and hepatitis C infection: a study in endoscopy patients
Authors: Tawk Hani M. , Vickery Karen , Bisset Linda , Lo Sing Kai , Cossart Yvonne E. ,   the Infection in Endoscopy Study Group
Published: April 2005

BACKGROUND: The objective was to determine the contribution of transfusion in the past to the risk of current infection with hepatitis B or C among patients attending a large hospital for endoscopic procedures.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Blood samples had been tested for hepatitis markers by routine methods. Patients completed a comprehensive risk factor questionnaire and results were analyzed using computer software.RESULTS: Twenty‐seven percent of the 2120 participants in the study received transfusions in the past. There was no increase in prevalence of hepatitis B among those transfused. Compared with nontransfused participants, recipients of blood before the implementation of hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening in 1990 had a 4.6‐fold increased risk of HCV infection, whereas those transfused with screened blood had a 3‐fold increased risk. The difference between the odds ratios for patients before and after screening was not significant.CONCLUSIONS: Because screening has almost completely eliminated HCV from the blood supply, our finding of a continuing association of HCV infection with transfusion was unexpected. It implies that there are significant other nosocomial risks for hepatitis C transmission associated with the clinical situations where patients received blood. These should be actively investigated.
A flexible array format for large‐scale, rapid blood group DNA typing
Authors: Hashmi Ghazala , Shariff Tasmia , Seul Michael , Vissavajjhala Prabhakar , Hue‐Roye Kim , Charles‐Pierre Dalisay , Lomas‐Francis Christine , Chaudhuri Asok , Reid Marion E. 
Published: April 2005

BACKGROUND: Typing for blood group antigens is currently performed by hemagglutination. The necessary reagents are becoming costly and limited in availability, and the methods are labor‐intensive. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of the use of large‐scale DNA analysis in a microarray as a substitute for blood group typing.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: DNA, extracted from blood samples that had been phenotyped for some of the red blood cell antigens, was analyzed for selected blood group alleles by bead array (BeadChip, BioArray Solutions Ltd., Warren, NJ) and by manual polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based assays. Selected alleles were identified by enzyme‐mediated elongation of probes, which were on color‐encoded beads assembled into arrays on silicon chips. The performance of a prototype BeadChip (BLOOD‐1) containing single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for FYA/B, FY‐GATA, DOA/B, COA/B, LWA/B, DIA/B, and SC1/SC2 was verified with DNA from serologically characterized donors. It was then used to analyze more than 400 samples of partially defined phenotype. Samples from Chinese, Ashkenazi, and Thai donors (total n = 227) were tested with BLOOD‐1. An expanded BeadChip with a total of 18 SNPs (36 alleles; SNPs in BLOOD‐1 and M/N, S/s, Lua/Lub, K/k, FY265[for the FyX polymorphism], Jka/Jkb, DO323[for Hy], DO350[for Joa], and HgbS) was then evaluated with a subset of previously tested samples from Chinese, Ashkenazi, and New York blood donors (127) and an additional set of samples from Israeli donors (total n = 188).RESULTS: Results obtained by BeadChip analysis were concordant with those obtained with the manual PCR‐restriction fragment length polymorphism, allele‐specific PCR, and hemagglutination assays. The frequencies of the alleles in the samples from different ethnic panels were within the expected ranges; however, two new DO alleles were discovered.CONCLUSION: It has been shown that microarray technology can be used to type DNA and detect new alleles in donor cohorts.*
High‐throughput multiplex single‐nucleotide polymorphism analysis for red cell and platelet antigen genotypes
Authors: Denomme G.A. , Van Oene M. 
Published: April 2005

BACKGROUND: Transfusion recipients who become alloimmunized to red cell or platelet (PLT) antigens require antigen‐negative blood to limit adverse transfusion reactions. Blood collection facilities use regulated and unregulated antibodies to phenotype blood, the cost of which can be prohibitive depending on the antisera and demand. An alternative strategy is to screen blood for these antigens with genomic DNA and the associated single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐oligonucleotide extension assay was developed with genomic DNA and a SNP genotyping platform (GenomeLab SNPstream, Beckman Coulter) to identify SNPs related to D, C/c, E, S/s, K/k, Kpa/b, Fya/b, FY0 (−33 promoter silencing polymorphism), Jka/b, Dia/b, and human PLT antigen (HPA)‐1a/1b. A total of 372 samples were analyzed for 12 SNPs. The genotypes were compared to the blood group and PLT antigen phenotypes.RESULTS: Individual sample results varied from 98 to 100 percent for 11 of 12 SNPs. D was correctly identified in 292 of 296 (98.6%) D+ donors. The RHCE exon 5 E/e SNP analysis had the lowest concordance (89.5%). Thirty‐three R1R1 and 1 r”r were correctly identified. PCR‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) on selected samples confirmed the presence of the FY0 silencing polymorphism in nine donors. Homozygous HPA‐1b/1b was identified in four donors, which was confirmed by PCR‐RFLP (n = 4) and anti‐HPA‐1a serology (n = 2). The two HPA‐1a‐negative donors were recruited into the plateletpheresis program.CONCLUSION: The platform has the capacity to genotype thousands of samples per day. The suite of SNPs provides genotype data for all blood donors within 36 hours of the start of testing.
Oxaliplatin‐induced immune pancytopenia
Authors: Taleghani Behrouz Mansouri , Fontana Stefano , Meyer Oliver , Ahrens Norbert , Novak Urban , Borner Markus M. , Salama Abdulgabar 
Published: April 2005

BACKGROUND: Oxaliplatin, a third‐generation platinum compound, has been implicated in isolated cases of immune hemolytic anemia and/or immune thrombocytopenia. The first case of severe immune pancytopenia related to oxaliplatin is described.PATIENT AND METHODS: A 79‐year‐old woman with colorectal cancer was initially treated with 5‐fluorouracil and she later received oxaliplatin and leucovorin every 2 to 4 weeks. During the 15th and 17th cycles of chemotherapy she developed thrombocytopenia, hemolysis, and neutropenia. No problems occurred during the 16th cycle without oxaliplatin. Serologic testing including detection of drug‐dependent antibodies and autoantibodies was performed with standard techniques.RESULTS: Serologic findings included a positive immunoglobulin G direct antiglobulin test; nonreactive red blood cell (RBC) eluates; platelet (PLT)‐bound antibodies to glycophorin (GP) IIb‐IIIa, GPIb‐IX, and GPIa‐IIa; and oxaliplatin‐dependent antibodies to PLTs, RBCs, and neutrophils.CONCLUSION: Oxaliplatin may lead to the production of ddabs to RBCs, PLTs, and neutrophils. Thus the risk of immune cytopenias should always be considered in patients treated with oxaliplatin.
Specialist Risk Attitudes and the Bid‐Ask Spread
Authors: Prucyk Brian 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis paper examines the relation between the bid‐ask spread and the risk of the underlying stock. It provides evidence that the specialist is not only sensitive to the absolute level of volatility, but also to changes in the level of volatility. This sensitivity arises because of increased inventory risk for the specialist when volatility is changing. For the sample of very liquid stocks in this paper, the quoted spread and the inventory cost component of the spread are shown to increase significantly during trading periods when volatility is both increasing and decreasing.
Evaluating the Devolution Revolution1
Authors: Rodgers Harrell 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis article provides an evaluation of the impact of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) of 1996. The evidence clearly shows that PRWORA has had a major impact on the poverty population and the welfare system. The data analyzed identify those policy areas in which positive changes can be identified, along with implementation and design problems that need reform. The data also show that while some states have made considerable progress in implementing the law, many are lagging.
Innovation in Welfare Policy: Evaluating State Efforts to Encourage Work among Low‐Income Families1
Authors: Bryner Gary , Martin Ryan 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis article examines what states are doing to help Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) recipients move into the workforce and become self‐supporting. We first present documentation regarding many different state TANF policies aimed at encouraging work, including benefit structures, time limits, work requirements, sanctions, and work supports. We then discuss how effective these policies are at helping welfare recipients get jobs and increase their income, by reviewing research on each of these elements. We conclude that the TANF program has been effective in increasing employment and decreasing welfare caseloads and expenses, but that this has not resulted in overall income gains for welfare recipients in the long run. We also conclude that the most promising state programs have a strong employment focus combined with focused training and educational opportunities. In addition, we also find that sanctions appear to be harming those most in need of assistance, and therefore that such policies should be reevaluated and refocused.
Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth) and its parasitoid Diadegma semiclausum show different gustatory and longevity responses to a range of nectar and honeydew sugars
Authors: Winkler Karin , Wäckers Felix L. , Stingli Attila , Van Lenteren Joop C. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractParasitoids as well as many of their herbivorous hosts, depend on carbohydrate‐rich food during the adult stage. Different types of nectar and honeydew vary with regard to their sugar composition. In order to successfully exploit a food source, the insect must show a positive gustatory response to its component sugars and be able to digest and metabolise them. Here we tested the herbivore Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) and its parasitoid Diadegma semiclausum (Hellén) (Ichneumonidae: Campopleginae) with respect to their feeding response and longevity when provided with one of nine sugars (fructose, glucose, lactose, maltose, melibiose, melezitose, raffinose, sucrose, or trehalose). Both species responded to and showed a prolonged life span on a broad range of sugars. The impact of food supply on life span was about sixfold higher for the parasitoid than for the herbivore. In general, there was a good fit between gustatory response and achieved longevity, with some outliers. Both species showed only weak responses to melibiose, which significantly prolonged life span. The parasitoid showed a gustatory response to melezitose, which did not prolong its life span. The parasitoid and its herbivorous host responded differently to trehalose. These differences in gustatory response and longevity show the potential for application of selective sugar sources in conservation biological control. At the same time it also reveals a risk that the indiscriminate application of sugar sources may stimulate herbivory.
Choosy egg parasitoids: Specificity of oviposition‐induced pine volatiles exploited by an egg parasitoid of pine sawflies
Authors: Mumm Roland , Tiemann Tassilo , Varama Martti , Hilker Monika 
Published: April 2005

AbstractGeneralist parasitoids are well‐known to be able to cope with the high genotypic and phenotypic plasticity of plant volatiles by learning odours during their host encounters. In contrast, specialised parasitoids often respond innately to host‐specific cues. Previous studies have shown that females of the specialised egg parasitoid Chrysonotomyia ruforum Krausse (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) are attracted to volatiles from Pinus sylvestris L. induced by the egg deposition of its host Diprion pini L. (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae), when they have previously experienced pine twigs with host eggs. In this study we investigated by olfactometer bioassays how specifically C. ruforum responded to oviposition‐induced plant volatiles. Furthermore, we studied whether parasitoids show an innate response to oviposition‐induced pine volatiles. Naïve parasitoids were not attracted to oviposition‐induced pine volatiles. The attractiveness of volatiles from pines carrying eggs was shown to be specific for the pine and herbivore species, respectively (species specificity). We also tested whether not only oviposition, but also larval feeding, induces attractive volatiles (developmental stage specificity). The feeding of D. pini larvae did not induce the emission of P. sylvestris volatiles attractive to the egg parasitoid. Our results show that a specialist egg parasitoid does not innately show a positive response to oviposition‐induced plant volatiles, but needs to learn them. Furthermore, the results show that C. ruforum as a specialist does not learn a wide range of volatiles as some generalists do, but instead learns only a very specific oviposition‐induced plant volatile pattern, i.e., a pattern induced by the most preferred host species laying eggs on the most preferred food plant.
Insect feeding preferences and plant phenolic glucosides in the system Gonioctena linnaeana–Salix triandra
Authors: Niemi Lena , Wennström Anders , Ericson Lars 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the preference of a leaf beetle to different Salix clones, and to relate this preference to plant chemistry. The preference of Gonioctena linnaeana Schrank (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) was tested in cafeteria experiments using its host Salix triandra L. (Salicaeae) from three Swedish isolated populations and one Russian population from the main distribution range of the host. The leaves from the different host clones were used to analyse the content of phenolic glucosides and the amount of condensed tannins. The larvae did not show any feeding preferences for host clones from the population they originated from, but all Swedish host populations were preferred over the Russian host population. This suggests a preference for regional hosts. We analyzed whether leaf chemistry parameters may explain host plant preferences. Chemical analysis of the leaves showed that the quantities, but not the quality, of the phenolic compounds differed between populations. A Principal Component Analysis of the chemical data also highlighted a difference between the Swedish and Russian host plant populations. The two most important compounds separating Russian from Swedish clones were gallocatechin and salidroside. However, the difference in preference could also be a result of, for example, nutritional quality, water content, or leaf texture. The relative importance of these different factors should be evaluated in future experiments.
Parasitoid exploitation of the seasonal variation in host plant volatile emission for herbivore location
Authors: Rott A.S. , Häckermann J. , Brand N. , Vallat A. , Dorn S. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractVolatile compounds from the apple, Malus domestica Borkh. (Rosaceae), change considerably as the season progresses, and this is successfully exploited by the female codling moth Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae), as it searches for oviposition sites. In this study, we investigated the effect of seasonal emissions of apple fruit volatiles on the host location behaviour of a parasitoid of the codling moth larvae, Hyssopus pallidus (Askew) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). In dual choice olfactory bioassays, the behaviour of the parasitoid in response to apple cues was observed over the complete 2003 growing season. Our results show that codling moth infested apples evoked a strong response from the parasitoid at the beginning of the season, until July. Then, attraction dropped drastically, increasing again at the beginning of August. At the end of the growing season, just prior to harvest, infested apples hardly evoked any behavioural response. Interestingly enough, mid‐season emissions of healthy apples were per se attractive to the parasitoid, and even preferred over volatiles from infested apples. Simultaneous volatile collections from healthy apples on twigs in the field were analysed throughout the season, showing that the overall quantity of headspace volatiles peaks at the beginning of June and mid‐August. The seasonal volatile emission is correlated with the behaviour of the parasitoid during the fruit ripening stage. The results are discussed in relation to the use of H. pallidus as a potential biocontrol agent, in order to enhance current integrated pest management (IPM) programs.
Leaf age and life history variables of a leafminer: the case of Liriomyza trifolii on potato leaves
Authors: Facknath S. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractField observations and laboratory experiments have demonstrated that infestation by the serpentine leaf miner, Liriomyza trifolii Burgess (Diptera: Agromyzidae), begins in the lower leaves of the potato plant, and proceeds through the middle leaves to those of the upper canopy. In choice and no‐choice experiments, mated adult L. trifolii females were given access for 48 h to potato plants, and caged on differently aged leaves. The extent of their feeding and oviposition on the 5–7 leaflets of the upper, middle, and lower leaves were recorded. The life history variables of the next generation were estimated: percentage egg hatch, number of mines formed, larval survival, number of pupae formed, size and weight of pupae, percentage pupation, number of adults formed, percentage emergence, size and weight of adults, sex ratio, adult longevity, and their reproductive performance. The results showed that L. trifolii females laid fewer eggs on the upper leaves, which were poor hosts for larvae. However, a comparison of oviposition behavior between the middle and lower leaves showed that the data did not fit the oviposition preference–offspring performance hypothesis, which postulates that females preferentially oviposit on hosts on which larvae perform best. Females exhibited a preference for the larger, older, lower leaves, although the middle leaves were superior for the growth and development of the young stages. It is hypothesized that adult ovipositional preference for the older, larger, and thicker leaves of the lower foliage may be influenced by factors other than resource quality for larvae.
Mechanisms involved in the control of pheromone production in female moths: recent developments
Authors: Rafaeli Ada 
Published: April 2005

AbstractSpecies‐specific pheromone blends of nocturnal female moths, derived from fatty acid precursors, are produced and released for mate‐finding, and are initiated by the circadian, trophic hormone, Pheromone Biosynthesis Activating Neuropeptide (PBAN). PBAN, produced in the sub‐oesophageal ganglion, is a 33 amino acid neuropeptide with a minimum active core in its FXPRLamide C‐terminal. PBAN acts directly on pheromone gland cells of mature females by binding to a specific G‐protein‐coupled membrane receptor (GPCR), and thereby initiating a signal transduction cascade involving calcium and cAMP. This discussion will review recent developments concerning the identification of the PBAN GPCR, its regulation by juvenile hormone (JH), and its mode of action at the level of the pheromone biosynthetic pathway. The discussion will also include recent developments concerning events occurring as a result of the transfer of pheromonostatic compounds of male origin after mating.