bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary findings of the effects of leucine supplementation in bedridden older adults
Authors: Arentson‐Lantz Emily J , Nagamma Sneha , Ellison Jennifer , Deer Rachel R , Husaini Syed , Wacher Adam , Paddon‐Jones Doug J 
Published: November 2023

Older adults are at increased risk of being bedridden and experiencing negative health outcomes including loss of muscle mass and function and impaired insulin action. We hypothesize that supplementing daily meals with leucine will partially preserve muscle mass and function during bed rest in older adults. Up to this point in recruitment, men and women (11 male, 3 female) with an average age of 66.5±1.5 years old have been randomized to be supplemented with leucine (LEU, 0.06 g/kg/meal; n=4) or an isonitrogenous control (CON; 0.06 g/kg/meal; n=9), and admitted to the Institute for Translational Sciences’ Clinical Research Center for 7 days of bed rest followed by 7 days of inpatient rehabilitation. We are assessing body composition using iDEXA, measuring muscle strength using isokinetic dynamometry, aerobic capacity via VO‐2‐max testing and indicators of metabolic health including OGTT and blood lipids. Preliminary findings from this ongoing study indicate that leucine may slow the loss of lean leg mass, reduce the accumulation of fat mass and preserve aerobic capacity during physical inactivity.Support or Funding InformationFunded by NIH grant R01NR012973 (Paddon‐Jones) and in part by the UTMB Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center NIH/NIA grant #P30 AG024832 and grant 1UL1RR029876‐01 from the National Center for Research Resources. The study was conducted with the support of UTMB's Institute for Translational Sciences, supported in part by a Clinical and Translational Science Award (UL1TR000071) from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NIH).
Effects of Soy Protein on HDL‐C Function, Central Blood Pressure, and Arterial Stiffness: Study Design and Participant Characteristics
Authors: Sponsky Christina , Fleming Jennifer , Krul Elaine , Skulas‐Ray Ann , Kris‐Etherton Penny 
Published: November 2023

Epidemiologic studies report lower rates of cardiovascular disease in Asian populations where soy products are a staple food. Soy protein consumption has been shown to reduce non‐HDL cholesterol and is the richest dietary source of isoflavones (phytoestrogens), a group of bioactive compounds also shown to have potentially favorable effects on CVD risk. We are conducting a randomized, three‐period, double blind crossover study designed to evaluate the effects of soy protein supplementation on HDL function (measured via cholesterol efflux), central blood pressure and indices of arterial stiffness. Healthy males and females 35–60 years of age with systolic blood pressure ≥120 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥80 mm Hg were recruited. The three dietary treatments are: A) 25 g/d soy protein isolate (SPI); B) 50 g/d SPI; and C) 0 g/d SPI (isocaloric carbohydrate control). Participants were free living and followed their habitual diets to which they incorporated the SPI or control powders mixed with milk or water twice daily for 6 weeks each followed by a 2‐week break between treatments. Participants were instructed to keep their diet consistent during treatment periods and asked not to consume any soy containing products other than those provided. Three day dietary records were completed at baseline and during the last week of each treatment to ensure consistency in dietary intake. Participants reported to the diet center weekly to monitor body weight, review consumption logs and collect their soy (or control) powder. Twenty participants are included in the study; 18 have completed all study procedures and 2 will complete their final treatment period by December 2015. Baseline characteristics (mean ± SE) of participants (n=20; 9M & 11F) are as follows: age 51.9 ± 0.72 years, BMI 26.4 ± 0.1 kg/m2, systolic blood pressure 129.7 ± 1.9 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure 82.5 ± 1.1 mm Hg, fasting glucose 88.7 ± 1.0 mg/dL, total cholesterol 197.3 ± 3.3 mg/dl, LDL‐C 120.3 ± 3.0 mg/dL and HDL‐C 55.3 ± 1.4 mg/dL. We hypothesize that consumption of soy protein (in a dose‐dependent manner) will favorably affect HDL particle size, increase HDL‐mediated ex vivo cholesterol efflux and improve central BP and arterial health in this normolipidemic, mildly hypertensive population.Support or Funding InformationSponsored by DuPont Nutrition & Health
Preliminary Assessment of a Raspberry Ketone Supplement as a Weight‐Loss Aid
Authors: Carbone John W , Braun Ethan M , Kraker Keith A , Percy Sarah A , Fassezke Brianna L , Briolat Katelyn N 
Published: November 2023

Raspberry Ketone (RK) supplements have received significant amounts of media and lay press attention as potential weight loss aids, despite a lack of published human studies evaluating their efficacy. Experimental trials are needed to determine whether the promising results observed in tissue culture and animal studies, specifically increased fat mobilization and oxidation, are translatable to humans. In the current pilot study, 5 obese (34.9 ± 3.0 kg/m2) young adult (20.4 ± 0.9 years) volunteers (4 women, 1 man) consumed 200mg RK daily for 6 weeks. Volunteers were instructed to maintain baseline eating and exercise patterns, confirmed by diet recalls and activity records. Body weight (BW), percent body fat (%BF), resting energy expenditure (REE), and respiratory quotient (RQ) were measured at baseline and study end. Mean BW was virtually unchanged (−0.1 ± 0.3kg) and %BF was constant (0.0 ± 0.1%). Mean REE increased slightly (156 ± 47kcal/d), but not significantly, while mean RQ remained near‐constant (+0.01 ± 0.01). The results of this pilot study suggest that RK supplementation is not an effective weight loss aid.Support or Funding InformationSupported by the Eastern Michigan University Undergraduate Research Stimulus Program
Effects of Obesity and Soy Diet on Gut Microbiota using Obese Zucker Rat Model
Authors: Hakkak Reza , Korourian Soheila , Foley Steven , Erickson Bruce 
Published: November 2023

Obesity has been epidemic in the United States for more than two decades. The intestinal microbiota is composed of a diverse population of obligate and facultative anaerobic microorganisms, and these organisms carry out a broad range of metabolic activities. Obesity has been linked to changes in the intestinal microbiota, but the combined effects of soy and obesity on the composition of the intestinal microbiota in Zucker rats have not been carefully studied. The objective of study was to determine the effects of obesity and soy diet on gut microbiota in this model system. Lean and obese female Zucker rats (n=34) were randomly assigned to 1) casein, or 2) soy protein diets for 8 weeks. Fecal samples, collected at the end of the experiment, were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing to determine the bacterial populations present. Bacterial DNA was isolated from the fecal samples using a commercial kit and the DNA prepared for sequencing using barcoded primers specific for the Illumina MiSeq platform. Following sequencing, the reads were de‐multiplexed and the different taxa identified to characterize the total bacterial populations. Comparisons of the bacterial populations between the lean and obese rats fed a casein or soy diet were carried out to determine if there were differences that may correlate with breast tumor formation or severity. Our results suggest that there are differences in gut microbiota associated with diet and the lean/obese state using the Zucker rat as a model.Support or Funding Information(Supported by CUMG and ABI to RH).
Mango Supplementation Prevents Gut Microbial Dysbiosis and Modulates Short Chain Fatty Acid Production Independent of Body Weight Reduction in C57BL/6 Mice Fed a High Fat Diet
Authors: Ojo Babajide , El‐Rassi Guadalupe , Perkins‐Veazie Penelope , Clarke Stephen , Smith Brenda J , Lucas Edralin A 
Published: November 2023

Fermentable non‐digestible carbohydrates and fiber from plant food sources are suggested to prevent high fat (HF) diet‐induced gut microbial dysbiosis and other obesity‐related outcomes. Various parts of mango have been studied for their anti‐obesogenic, immunomodulatory and gastro‐protective properties. This study investigated the effects of 12‐week freeze‐dried mango pulp supplementation on the gut microbiota and their fermentation products, and its impact on body composition, glucose homeostasis and gut inflammatory markers in C57BL/6 mice fed a HF diet. Six‐week old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to four dietary treatment groups: Control (AIN‐93M, 10% kcal from fat), HF (60% kcal from fat), and HF+1% or 10% mango. Cecal content analyses using 16S rDNA sequencing showed that HF feeding reduced Bifidobacteria and Akkermansia while mango supplementation prevented the loss of these populations in a dose‐dependent manner. In contrast to previous studies, mango supplementation did not reduce body weight or fasting blood glucose. Interestingly, both mango doses lowered HF‐induced hypertriglyceridemia. The HF+10% mango significantly lowered plasma non‐esterified fatty acids, but increased plasma total cholesterol. In comparison to the HF group, a dose‐dependent increase in microbial fermentation was observed with mango supplementation, as evident in increased fecal and cecal acetic and butyric acid, but not propionic acid. Furthermore, mango supplementation modulated gut inflammation, as observed with an increase in ileal and colonic interleukin (IL)‐10 gene expression compared to the HF group. These findings demonstrated that mango supplementation in high fat feeding modulated some of the adverse effects that accompanies high fat diet‐induced obesity.Support or Funding InformationThis study was funded, in part, by the National Mango Board
Intestinal dysbiosis in obese and undernourished Mexican school‐age children
Authors: Palacios‐González Berenice , Mendez Eder , Ortiz‐Lopez María Guadalupe , de los Angeles Granados‐Silvestre Ma. , Menjívar Marta 
Published: November 2023

In most developed countries, obesity is a major public nutritional problem. Mexico is at an advanced stage of the epidemiologic transition; like other Latin American countries, it bears a nutritional double burden composed of undernutrition and overweight or obesity 16.2% and 36.7% respectively). Previous studies have shown that gut microbiota has been associated with obesity and recently with undernutrition. The aim of this study was to describe and compare the richness and diversity in fecal microbiota in undernourished and obese Mexican school‐age children. We selected three groups according to BMI: 1) control (C); 2) undernutrition (UN) and 3) obese (OB) group. Anthropometric, dietetic and biochemical tests were performed. The V4 region of bacterial 16S rRNA gene was amplified by Illumina MiSeq. Waist circumference and body fat percentage were significantly higher in OB group and significantly lower in UN group compared to C group. Serum Glucose, cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and leptin concentrations were significant different between the groups. In regard to diet, energy consumption was increased in OB group compared to UN group. Carbohydrate consumption was increased in UN group compared to C and OB group. Fat consumption was increased in C and OB group compared to UN group. Alpha diversity indicates that C group has the most richness and diversity compared to UN and OB group. We observe an increase in Firmicutes and a decrease in Bacteroides in OB and UN groups compared to C group. Peptococcacea was increased in OB group compared to C group and was associated with meat and sugar consumption. Lachonspiracea was increased in UN group compared to C group and we observe a negative correlation between Lachonspiracea and energy consumption. Regarding the enterotypes, we observed a positive correlation between Enterotype 2 and beans consumption and Enterotype 1 with meat consumption. In conclusion, we observe an intestinal disbiosis between the phenotypes, reflected as a lower richness and diversity in school‐age children with obesity or undernutrition.Support or Funding InformationPAPIIT‐IN221014
The Effects of Watermelon Powder on Colitis in High Fat‐Diet Fed and Dextran Sodium Sulfate‐Treated Rats
Authors: Tseng Yen‐Tzu , Hong Mee Young 
Published: November 2023

Colitis, which is a chronic and recurrent inflammation in the inner lining of the large intestine, is considered to increase the risk of colorectal cancer. Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) induced colitis in rodents is widely used to mimic human colitis through influencing the growth and damaging the structure of colonic crypts. Watermelon and its bioactive phytochemicals are known to play an effective role reducing oxidative stress through its high antioxidant capability, which has reported to suppress the inflammatory response in numerous studies. The objective of our study was to determine the possibly preventive effects of watermelon supplementation on DSS‐treated colitis in rats. We hypothesized that phytochemical‐rich watermelon supplementation reduces the risk of colitis by maintaining the number of intact crypts and regulating the cell homeostasis during the DSS‐induced inflammation. The 40 rats were randomly divided into four groups: control diet, control diet+DSS, 0.33% watermelon powder diet, and 0.33% watermelon powder diet+DSS. Following 4 weeks of defined diets, DSS group rats were administrated 3% (w/v) DSS (40kDa) in their drinking water for 2 days, while no‐DSS group rats continued to receive non‐treated drinking water. The number of intact crypts in colon was significantly lower in two DSS‐treated groups (p < .05). DSS administration dramatically increased the apoptosis in epithelial cell (p < .001). There was a trend of reduced number of cells in crypt height in DSS groups (p = .078). The proliferative zone was significantly elevated in DSS‐treated rats (p = .002). The number of intact colonic crypts was significantly higher in watermelon+DSS group compared to control+DSS group (p < .05). In watermelon+DSS group, the apoptosis was reduced in middle third of the crypt compared to control+DSS group (p < .01). Cell proliferation significantly decreased in watermelon+DSS group compared to control+DSS group (p = .001). Control+DSS group increased cell proliferation in middle and top parts of crypts compared to control+noDSS group (p < .05). Watermelon+DSS group decreased cell proliferation in the bottom and middle parts of the crypts but increased in the top part of the crypt compared to watermelon+noDSS group (p < .05). DSS effects on cell proliferation were different according to the diet. The data demonstrated that watermelon supplementation improves colitis by maintaining normal colonic crypt morphology and modulating the homeostasis of cell proliferation and apoptosis.Support or Funding InformationThe study was funded by SDSU University Grant Program and The US National Watermelon Promotion Board.
Glyceollins Attenuates AOM/DSS‐induced Colorectal Cancer Development in C57BL/6 Mice
Authors: Seo HyeLin , Jo GwangRae , Woo YaeJin , Kang SuJin , Jang JinHo , Jeong GaIn , Ju SungHee , Kim Minsun , Lim Soon Sung , Oh Jisun , Kim Jong‐Sang 
Published: November 2023

Glyceollins are soybean phytoalexin possessing anti‐inflammatory and anti‐carcinogenic activities. In this study, we examined if glyceollin administration suppresses cancer development using an inflammatory colorectal cancer animal model, azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS)‐treated C57BL/6 mice. To enrich glyceollins, soybean seeds were inoculated with Aspergillus sojae. After 7 day‐incubation, the soybeans were extracted in 80% ethanol. Glyceollins were subsequently purified by liquid chromatography from the extract. The prepared glyceollins were orally administered to AOM/DSS‐treated mice, followed by morphological, histological and biochemical analyses on colon tissue samples. The number and size of colon polyps were measured to assess the development of colonic tumorigenesis. Histological examination on the colon samples and polyps was performed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Blood C‐reactive protein level and neoplasia‐associated protein levels were also analyzed. Our findings exhibited that glyceollins effectively reduced colorectal cancer development following AOM/DSS treatment, implicating the nutraceutical and cancer‐preventive potential of soybean‐derived glyceollins in colitis‐colorectal cancer.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIP) (Project No. 2014R1A2A2A01005773).
Metabolic Modulation of Hyperhomocysteinemia and Oxidative Stress associated with Azoxymethane‐Induced Carcinogenesis in Rat Colon
Authors: Padmanabhan Smitha , Waly Mostafa I , Guizani Nejib , Rahman Mohammad Shafiur , Deth Richard C 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundAzoxymethane (AOM) is a potent carcinogenic agent commonly used to induce colon cancer and oxidative stress in rats. Clinical studies continue to support the notion that oxidative stress is mediated by hyperhomocysteinemia, elevated serum homocysteine level.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the preventive effect of folate and vitamin B12 against AOM‐induced hyperhomocysteinemia, oxidative stress and carcinogenesis in rat colon.MethodsSprague‐Dawley rats were randomly divided into 20 groups (7 rats/group). Control group was fed a basal diet; AOM‐treated group was fed a basal diet and received AOM intraperitonial injections for two weeks at a dose of 15 mg/kg bodyweight, whereas 12 groups were received daily doses of oral supplementation of folate or vitamin B12 in the presence or absence of AOM injection. Another 6 groups of rats were examined for the potential synegestic effect of both folate and vitamin B12 supplementation. All animals were continuously fed ad‐libitum until 16 weeks, then all rats were sacrificed and the colon tissues were examined microscopically for pathological changes and aberrant crypt foci (ACF) development, and homogenized for biochemical measurements of homocysteine, folate, vitamins B12, oxidative stress indices.ResultsOur results showed that AOM‐induced ACF development and pathological changes in the colonic mucosal tissues. Hyperhomocysteinemia and oxidative stress were associated with AOM‐mediated colon carcinogenesis. In rat colonic cells, the concomitant treatment of AOM with folate or vitamin B12 significantly ameliorated the cytotoxic effects of AOM in a dose‐dependent manner.ConclusionThe results of this study provide in‐vivo evidence that folate and vitamin B12 reduced the AOM‐induced colon cancer in rats, through combating hyperhomocysteinemia and oxidative stressSupport or Funding InformationThis research was supported by Internal Grant Funding (IG/AGR/FOOD/14/2), College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University
Walnuts Slow Cancer‐Associated Weight Loss But Not the Growth of a Transplantable Tumor
Authors: Byerley Lauri O , Banks Shelia , Lorenzo Brittney , Hardman Elaine 
Published: November 2023

Walnuts are a unique food, rich in both omega‐3 fatty acids and antioxidants. Several studies have shown that walnuts can slow or prevent breast and prostate tumor growth in genetically‐programmed mice or nude mice. We tested the following hypothesis using a rat transplantable tumor line: walnuts slow tumor growth and cancer‐associated weight loss. A diet containing walnuts (W) was compared to a diet that replaced the walnuts with corn oil and additional protein and fiber (R). Male Fisher 344 rats were randomly assigned to either diet. The diet was consumed for 20 days and on day 21 the Ward colon carcinoma was implanted subcutaneously on the left hind flank in half the animals (TB) while the other half were sham operated and received no tumor (NTB). Body weight, food intake, and tumor growth were monitored daily. Tumor growth was divided into two periods: 1) latent when the tumor was not palpable and 2) observable when the tumor was palpable. After 47 days, the animals were sacrificed. Addition of walnuts to the diet significantly enriched liver fatty acids with omega‐3 fatty acids of both NTB and TB animals (R NTB: 11.7:1, R TB: 8.5:1 n‐6:n‐3; W NTB: 7:3:1, W TB: 6.3:1 n‐6:n‐3) but not the tumor (R TB: 15:1 n‐6:n‐3; W TB: 15:1 n‐6:n‐3). During latent tumor growth, the rate of host weight gain was significantly greater (p<0.03) for the W TB animals (0.7 ± 0.4 g/day) compared the R TB animals (0.3 ± 0.4 g/day). By the end of the latent period, the W TB animals weighed on average 6 g more. This extra body mass persisted throughout the observable tumor growth period. At the time of sacrifice, the W TB animals weighed more, yet caloric intake was not significantly greater than the R TB. At sacrifice, there was no significant difference in tumor weight between the two diet groups (R TB: 25.3 + 13.3 g; W TB: 25.1 + 14.5 g). Plasma IGF‐1 was significantly lower in TB animals compared to NTB animals and there was no significant difference between the W and R groups (R NTB: 931 ± 63 pg/mL, R TB: 563 ± 71 pg/mL p<0.01; W NTB 751 ± 45 pg/mL, W TB 542 ± 53 pg/mL p< 0.03, pg/mL) suggesting these changes are not mediated through IGF‐1. Plasma insulin was lower in the TB animals compared to NTB but not significantly. Despite enriching cell membranes with omega‐3 fatty acids, tumor growth continued unabated. However, the addition of walnuts to the diet did promote greater weight gain during the latent phase of tumor growth which helped conserve the tumor‐bearing host's body weight during the observable phase of tumor growth. The mechanism is unknown and warrants further investigation. Thus, walnuts may be a beneficial food for slowing the cancer‐associated weight loss without adversely affecting tumor growth.Support or Funding InformationFunded by the American Institute for Cancer Research and the California Walnut Commission