bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Joint cross‐well and single‐well seismic studies of CO2injection in an oil reservoir
Authors: Gritto R. , Daley T.M. , Myer L.R. 
Published: June 2004

ABSTRACTA series of time‐lapse seismic cross‐well and single‐well experiments were conducted in a diatomite reservoir to monitor the injection of CO2into a hydrofracture zone, based on P‐ and S‐wave data. A high‐frequency piezo‐electric P‐wave source and an orbital‐vibrator S‐wave source were used to generate waves that were recorded by hydrophones as well as 3‐component geophones. During the first phase the set of seismic experiments was conducted after the injection of water into the hydrofractured zone. The set of seismic experiments was repeated after a time period of seven months during which CO2was injected into the hydrofractured zone. The questions to be answered ranged from the detectability of the geological structure in the diatomic reservoir to the detectability of CO2within the hydrofracture. Furthermore, it was intended to determine which experiment (cross‐well or single‐well) is best suited to resolve these features.During the pre‐injection experiment, the P‐wave velocities exhibited relatively low values between 1700 and 1900 m/s, which decreased to 1600–1800 m/s during the post‐injection phase (−5%). The analysis of the pre‐injection S‐wave data revealed slow S‐wave velocities between 600 and 800 m/s, while the post‐injection data revealed velocities between 500 and 700 m/s (−6%). These velocity estimates produced high Poisson's ratios between 0.36 and 0.46 for this highly porous (∼50%) material. Differencing post‐ and pre‐injection data revealed an increase in Poisson's ratio of up to 5%. Both velocity and Poisson's ratio estimates indicate the dissolution of CO2in the liquid phase of the reservoir accompanied by an increase in pore pressure.The single‐well data supported the findings of the cross‐well experiments. P‐ and S‐wave velocities as well as Poisson's ratios were comparable to the estimates of the cross‐well data.The cross‐well experiment did not detect the presence of the hydrofracture but appeared to be sensitive to overall changes in the reservoir and possibly the presence of a fault. In contrast, the single‐well reflection data revealed an arrival that could indicate the presence of the hydrofracture between the source and receiver wells, while it did not detect the presence of the fault, possibly due to out‐of‐plane reflections.
Splanchnic oxygen transport, hepatic function and gastrointestinal barrier after normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Braun J. P. , Schroeder T. , Buehner S. , Dohmen P. , Moshirzadeh M. , Grosse J. , Streit F. , Schlaefke A. , Armstrong V. W. , Oellerich M. , Lochs H. , Konertz W. , Kox W. J. , Spies C. 
Published: June 2004

Background:  The effect of non‐pulsatile, normothermic cardiopulmonary‐bypass (CPB) on the splanchnic blood‐flow and oxygen‐transport, the hepatic function and the gastrointestinal barrier were observed in a prospective observational study in 31 adults undergoing cardiac valve replacement surgery.Methods:  The splanchnic (i.e. hepatic) blood‐flow (HBF) was measured by the constant infusion of indocyanine‐green (ICG) using a hepatic‐venous catheter. Liver function was examined by calculation of lactate uptake, ICG extraction and the monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX) test. A day before and after surgery the gastrioduodenal and intestinal permeability was measured by determination of sucrose and lactulose/mannitol excretion.Results:  Splanchnic blood flow and oxygen delivery did not decrease during and after surgery while splanchnic oxygen consumption (P < 0.0125) and arterial lactate concentrations increased. The splanchnic lactate uptake paralleled the lactate concentration. After but not during CPB an increase of systemic oxygen consumption was observed. The MEGX test values decreased on the first day after surgery. The ICG extraction was attenuated during the operation. The gastroduodenal and the intestinal permeability increased significantly postoperatively (P < 0.002, respectively, P < 0.001). There was no correlation between these findings and the duration of CPB. There was a significant correlation of the intestinal permeability but not of the gastroduodenal permeability between the prior and after surgery values (P < 0.001).Conclusion:  Increased oxygen consumption during CPB may indicate an inflammatory reaction due to the pump beginning in the splanchnic area or a redistribution of the splanchinc blood flow during the CPB. Normothermic CPB does not lead to a significant or prolonged reduction of liver function. Normothermic CPB causes an increase of gastrointestinal permeability. The intestinal barrier function prior to surgery was accountable for the degree of loss of intestinal barrier function following surgery.
Modelling Growth and Decline in Lung Function in Duchenne’s Muscular Dystrophy with an Augmented Linear Mixed Effects Model
Authors: Scott Marc A. , Norman Robert G. , Berger Kenneth I. 
Published: June 2004

SummaryLongitudinal modelling of lung function in Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy is complicated by a mixture of both growth and decline in lung function within each subject, an unknown point of separation between these phases and significant heterogeneity between individual trajectories. Linear mixed effects models can be used, assuming a single changepoint for all cases; however, this assumption may be incorrect. The paper describes an extension of linear mixed effects modelling in which random changepoints are integrated into the model as parameters and estimated by using a stochastic EM algorithm. We find that use of this ‘mixture modelling’ approach improves the fit significantly.
A Class of Distribution-Free Control Charts
Authors: Chakraborti S. , van der Laan P. , van de Wiel M. A. 
Published: June 2004

Summary
A class of Shewhart-type distribution-free control charts is considered. A key advantage of these charts is that the in-control run length distribution is the same for all continuous process distributions. Exact expressions for the run length distribution and the average run length (ARL) are derived and properties of the charts are studied via evaluations of the run length distribution probabilities and the ARL. Tables are provided for implementation for some typical ARL values and false alarm rates. The charts proposed are preferable from a robustness point of view, have attractive ARL properties and would be particularly useful in situations where one uses a classical Shewhart X-chart. A numerical illustration is given.
Optimal Predictive Sample Size for Case–Control Studies
Authors: De Santis Fulvio , Pacifico Marco Perone , Sambucini Valeria 
Published: June 2004

Summary
The identification of factors that increase the chances of a certain disease is one of the classical and central issues in epidemiology. In this context, a typical measure of the association between a disease and risk factor is the odds ratio. We deal with design problems that arise for Bayesian inference on the odds ratio in the analysis of case–control studies. We consider sample size determination and allocation criteria for both interval estimation and hypothesis testing. These criteria are then employed to determine the sample size and proportions of units to be assigned to cases and controls for planning a study on the association between the incidence of a non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and exposition to pesticides by eliciting prior information from a previous study.
Clinicopathological spectrum of mycosis fungoides
Authors: Kazakov DV , Burg G , Kempf W 
Published: June 2004

ABSTRACTCutaneous lymphomas represent a heterogeneous group of T‐, NK‐ and B‐cell neoplasms, with mycosis fungoides (MF) being the most common subtype. MF has a plethora of clinicopathological manifestations. Many variants of this lymphoma differ substantially from the ‘classical’ Alibert–Bazin disease and are therefore sometimes referred to as ‘atypical’ forms of the disease. This review addresses the whole clinicopathological spectrum of mycosis fungoides with respect to epidemiology, clinical, histopathological, immunophenotypic and genotypic features and the clinical course and prognosis of its variants: classical, erythrodermic, follicular, syringotropic, bullous/vesicular, granulomatous, poikilodermic, hypo‐ and hyperpigmented, unilesional, palmoplantar, hyperkeratotic/verrucous, vegetating/papillomatous, ichthyosiform, pigmented purpura‐like, pustular and mucosal involvement in MF.
Sutures and Burrow's triangles placed in the red vermilion in the surgery of upper lip defects
Authors: Ascari‐Raccagni A , Baldari U 
Published: June 2004

ABSTRACTBackground  In upper lip defects both the design of the flap and the position of the Burrow's triangles may be reversed so as to conceal the scars among skin wrinkles, folds and the mucosal lip to maximize the aesthetic outcome.Objective  To report two cases of upper lip defects in which both scars and Burrow's triangles were concealed in the natural folds and the vermilion.Methods  Both surgeries were performed under local anaesthesia.Result  In both patients the scars were successfully concealed and the results aesthetically acceptable.Conclusion  The technique described can be used to conceal scars in cases of upper lip defects with aesthetically acceptable results.
Bullous systemic lupus erythematosus with antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Kacalak‐Rzepka A , Zaluga E , Maleszka R , Królicki A , Klimowicz A 
Published: June 2004

ABSTRACTWe report the case of a 44‐year‐old male with a 10‐year history of manifestations of the rare form of bullous systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with coexisting antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) that remained undiagnosed until thrombotic‐embolic episodes appeared and high titres of anticardiolipin (ACL) antibodies were detected. The patient fulfilled the criteria for SLE and the atypical cutaneous manifestations together with histopathological changes and a favourable response to sulphones were the grounds for the diagnosis of the bullous variety of SLE. Treatment with prednisolone, acenocoumarol and dapsone resulted in marked clinical improvement, reduction in antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) and normalization of ACL antibody titres.
Brain electrocortical activity during and after exercise: A quantitative synthesis
Authors: Crabbe James B. , Dishman Rod K. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractInvestigators of brain electrocortical responses to exercise have interpreted increased activity, or frontal hemispheric asymmetry, in the alpha frequency band as indicative of relaxation or a change in affect. However, few studies compared alpha activity with other frequencies and within or across hemispheres. To clarify the cumulative evidence in this area, we provide a quantitative review of the effects of exercise on brain electrocortical activity according to frequency bands and recording sites. Fifty‐eight effects from 18 studies and 282 participants were retrieved. The mean effect size was moderately large (0.54 SD, 95% CI: 0.43 to 0.65) but heterogeneous. Compared to before exercise, alpha activity was greater immediately after and during exercise when expressed as absolute power but not as relative to power in other frequency bands; delta, theta, and beta activity also increased (0.38 to 0.75 SD). Effects did not differ significantly by recording sites. The cumulative evidence does not indicate that change in brain electrocortical activity after exercise is specific to alpha activity or hemispheric site.
Life‐span changes in P3a
Authors: Fjell Anders M. , Walhovd Kristine B. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe relationship of visual P3a to age was investigated in a life‐span sample. The aims of the study were (1) to assess to what extent P3a, relative to P3b, decreases with increasing age; (2) To assess at which recording sites the relationship between P3a and age is strongest; (3) to investigate whether the relationship between P3a and age is best described as linear or nonlinear. One hundred and three well‐functioning adults, 20–92 years old, were given a health interview, a battery of neuropsychological tests, and performed a visual three‐stimuli oddball ERP task yielding both a P3a and a P3b. P3a and age was moderately correlated, with coefficients reaching .53 (Cz) and −.52 (Pz) for latency and amplitude, respectively. P3b was to a much lesser extent related to age. Generally, the age–P3a relationship was strongest at midline and central electrodes. Finally, the relationship between age and P3a was best described as linear. P3a seems selectively more impaired with age than P3b, but this impairment seems less pronounced at Fz than at Cz and Pz. There is a need for complex theoretical integration of these and previous findings.
The electrophysiological correlates sustaining the retrieval of face–name associations: An ERP study
Authors: Joassin F. , Campanella S. , Debatisse D. , Guerit J.M. , Bruyer R. , Crommelinck M. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractAn ERP study on 9 healthy participants was carried out to temporally constrain the neural network proposed by Campanella et al. (2001) in a PET study investigating the cerebral areas involved in the retrieval of face–name associations. Three learning sessions served to familiarize the participants with 24 face–name associations grouped in 12 male/female couples. During EEG recording, participants were confronted with four experimental conditions, requiring the retrieval of previously learned couples on the basis of the presentation of name–name (NN), face–face (FF), name–face (NF), or face–name (FN) pairs of stimuli. The main analysis of this experiment consisted in the subtraction of the nonmixed conditions (NN and FF) from the mixed conditions (NF and FN). It revealed two main ERP components: a negative wave peaking at left parieto‐occipital sites around 285 ms and its positive counterpart recorded at left centro‐frontal electrodes around 300 ms. Moreover, a dipole modeling using three dipoles whose localization corresponded to the three cerebral areas observed in the PET study (left inferior frontal gyrus, left medial frontal gyrus, left inferior parietal lobe) explained more than 90% of the variance of the results. The complementarity between anatomical and neurophysiological techniques allowed us to discuss the temporal course of these cerebral activities and to propose an interactive and original anatomo‐temporal model of the retrieval of face–name associations.
Automatic time perception in the human brain for intervals ranging from milliseconds to seconds
Authors: Näätänen Risto , Syssoeva Olga , Takegata Rika 
Published: June 2004

AbstractTime perception in everyday life deals with various intervals. Here we investigated whether an automatic duration‐discrimination mechanism in audition operates even for intervals of an order of seconds, by using the mismatch negativity (MMN), an index of automatic change detection in audition. In Experiment 1, occasional decrements of the duration of a repetitive “standard” tone elicited an MMN in subjects ignoring auditory stimulation, even with the standard‐stimulus durations over a second. Nevertheless, the MMN amplitude was significantly diminished with standard‐stimulus durations of 800 ms and above, despite the fact that a constant deviant versus standard duration ratio was used. Complementary experiments varying the interstimulus interval (Experiment 2) and the magnitude of duration change (Experiment 3) yielded corroborating results. The present results suggest that automatic duration discrimination in audition operates even for durations of the order of seconds; yet its optimum time scale might be of the order of milliseconds.
Spatiotemporal analysis of event‐related potentials to upright, inverted, and contrast‐reversed faces: Effects on encoding and recognition
Authors: Itier Roxane J. , Taylor Margot J. , Lobaugh Nancy J. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractIn an n‐back face recognition task where subjects responded to repeated stimuli, ERPs were recorded to upright, inverted, and contrast‐reversed faces. The effects of inversion and contrast reversal on face encoding and recognition were investigated using the multivariate spatiotemporal partial least squares (PLS) analysis. The configural manipulations affected early processing (100–200 ms) at posterior sites: Inversion effects were parietal and lateral, whereas contrast‐reversal effects were more occipital and medial, suggesting different underlying generators. A later reactivation of face processing areas was unique to inverted faces, likely due to processing difficulties. PLS also indicated that the “old–new” repetition effect was maximal for upright faces and likely involved frontotemporal areas. Marked processing differences between inverted and contrast‐reversed faces were seen, but these effects were similar at encoding and recognition.
Aerobic exercise training and cardiovascular reactivity to psychological stress in sedentary young normotensive men and women
Authors: Spalding Thomas W. , Lyon Lewis A. , Steel Donald H. , Hatfield Bradley D. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractForty‐five (22 women) sedentary young (18–30 years old) nonsmoking normotensive volunteers engaged in either 6 weeks of aerobic training (AT), weight training (WT), or a no‐treatment (NT) condition to determine whether AT lowers systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, heart rate (HR), and rate‐pressure product (RPP) during rest, psychological stress, and recovery periods. Estimated VO2max increased for the AT (32.1±1.1 to 38.4±1.0 ml·kg−1·min−1). A smaller increase for the WT (30.5±1.1 to 33.8±1.0) was likely due to increased leg strength, and VO2max did not change for the NT (32.5±1.1 to 32.9±1.0). Heart rate and RPP levels were lower during psychological stress and recovery after training for AT relative to the WT and NT. Overall SBP was also lower in the AT relative to the NT but not the WT. In conclusion, aerobic training lowered cardiovascular activity levels during psychological stress and recovery in healthy young adults, implying a protective role against age‐related increases in coronary heart disease for individuals who adopt aerobic exercise early in life and maintain the behavior across the life span.
The psychophysiology of the maternal–fetal relationship
Authors: Dipietro Janet A. , Irizarry Rafael A. , Costigan Kathleen A. , Gurewitsch Edith D. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe enigmatic quality of the maternal–fetal relationship has been extolled throughout history with little empirical support. We apply time series analysis to data for 137 maternal–fetal pairs collected at 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, and 38 weeks gestation. Maternal heart rate and skin conductance data were digitized in tandem with fetal heart rate and motor activity. No temporal relations between fetal heart rate and either maternal variable were found, although averaged maternal and fetal heart rates were correlated from 32 weeks. Consistent temporal associations between fetal movement and maternal heart rate and skin conductance were detected. Fetal movement stimulated rises in each parameter, peaking at 2 and 3 s, respectively. Associations did not change over gestation, were unaffected by a maternal stressor, and showed within‐pair stability. The bidirectional nature of the maternal–fetal relationship is considered.
Neurophysiological correlates of word and pseudo‐word processing in well‐recovered aphasics and patients with right‐hemispheric stroke
Authors: Pulvermüller Friedemann , Mohr Bettina , Lutzenberger Werner 
Published: June 2004

AbstractNeurophysiological correlates of language recovery after stroke were investigated. Neurological patients with single focal lesions in their left or right hemisphere and healthy control subjects made lexical decisions on written words and pseudo‐words while EEG responses were recorded. At the time of testing, patients did not show clinically apparent language dysfunction, although those with left‐hemisphere lesions had suffered from aphasia in the first months after their stroke. A P3‐like positive deflection of the event‐related potential (ERP) was reduced in the patients relative to healthy controls, this reduction being most pronounced over the hemisphere affected by stroke. Consistent with earlier research, healthy control subjects showed more positive ERPs to words than to pseudo‐words. This pattern was reversed in both patient groups, where words elicited more negative‐going ERPs than pseudo‐words already 160–320 ms after stimulus onset. Because ERPs showed between‐group differences only for words, these word‐specific neurophysiological signatures altered in stroke patients with well‐recovered language functions may be a correlate of cortical lesions or an index of reorganization of language after stroke.
Stability, consistency, and heritability of electrodermal response lability in middle‐aged male twins
Authors: Crider Andrew , Kremen William S. , Xian Hong , Jacobson Kristen C. , Waterman Brian , Eisen Seth A. , Tsuang Ming T. , Lyons Michael J. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractWe examined individual differences in nonspecific electrodermal response (EDR) lability in terms of retest stability, cross‐situational consistency, and heritability in a sample of 345 adult monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs. We also examined the phenotypic and genetic relationships between EDR lability and speed of habituation of the specific EDR to a nonsignal stimulus. Individual variation in EDR lability showed substantial retest stability and cross‐situational consistency and also predicted resistance to specific EDR habituation. Structural equation modeling showed that the covariation among EDR lability measures and resistance to specific EDR habituation operated through a single latent phenotype, which was influenced in approximately equal measure by genetic and unique environmental factors. We discuss these findings in terms of an information processing account of individual differences in phasic EDR activation.
Mental stress‐induced hemoconcentration: Sex differences and mechanisms
Authors: Veldhuijzen Van Zanten Jet J. C. S. , Ring Christopher , Burns Victoria E. , Edwards Kate M. , Drayson Mark , Carroll Douglas 
Published: June 2004

AbstractGiven the possible role of hemoconcentration in myocardial infarction and apparent sex differences in susceptibility, three studies examined sex differences in mental stress‐induced hemoconcentration, and explored possible underlying mechanisms. Blood pressure, heart rate, and hematocrit were monitored at rest and in response to a mental stress task that was contrived to be increasingly provocative across the three studies. This was confirmed by self‐report, performance, and cardiovascular reactivity data. The most convincing evidence for hemoconcentration effects and sex differences in hemoconcentration emerged from exposure to the more provocative of the stress tasks, with men also showing greater hemoconcentration than women. Blood pressure reactivity was a strong and consistent predictor of stress‐induced hemoconcentration. These findings may help to explain sex differences in susceptibility to myocardial infarction.