bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Prospective Trial of Sertraline for Chronic Subjective Dizziness
Authors: Staab Jeffrey P. , Ruckenstein Michael J. , Amsterdam Jay D. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis: The authors previously reported that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) reduce chronic subjective dizziness in patients with and without psychiatric illnesses. To extend those preliminary findings and test the hypothesis that SSRIs may offer a novel treatment for chronic subjective dizziness, the authors conducted a prospective study of sertraline in patients with dizziness for more than 6 months, in the absence of active physical neurotologic illness.Study Design: Sixteen‐week, prospective, open‐label, flexible‐dose clinical trial.Methods: Twenty‐four patients with subjective dizziness for more than 6 months and no active physical neurotologic illness were studied. Eighteen patients had major anxiety disorders. Six had minor frustration or worry that did not warrant a psychiatric diagnosis. Sertraline was administered at a daily dose of 25 mg, which was increased to a maximum daily dose of 200 mg. Dizziness, functional impairment, and psychological distress were measured using the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) and Brief Symptom Inventory‐53 (BSI‐53). Treatment outcomes were analyzed using repeated‐measures multivariate analyses of variance, with last observations carried forward.Results: Three patients were excluded from data analysis for disqualifying medical conditions, one for protocol violations. Fifteen (75%) patients completed treatment. Five (25%) withdrew for adverse effects or lack of efficacy. The median daily dose of sertraline was 100 mg. Sertraline significantly reduced scores on all three DHI subscales and the BSI‐53. Eleven of 15 (73%) patients who completed treatment had a positive response, including 8 of 11 (73%) with major anxiety disorders and 3 of 4 (75%) with no psychopathological conditions. Six patients enjoyed a full remission of symptoms.Conclusion: Sertraline significantly reduced chronic subjective dizziness in patients without active physical neurotologic illness, including those with and without psychiatric comorbidity.
Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors in Auditory Processing Disorders in Elderly Patients: Preliminary Results
Authors: Cruz Oswaldo Laércio M. , Kasse Cristiane A. , Sanchez Maura , Barbosa Flavio , Barros Flavia A. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractObjective/Hypothesis: One mechanism associated with degeneration in the elderly is the decrease of neurotransmitters. In the central auditory pathway serotonin, can be found from cochlear nucleus to the auditory cortex, and it constitutes one of the most important neuromodulatory circuits in hearing processing. The present study analyzed the action of citalopram, a selective inhibitor of serotonin reuptake, in aged patients with normal to moderate sensorineural hearing loss (HL) and low performance on auditory processing.Study Design/Method: Prospective, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled study. Thirty‐eight selected patients were randomly divided into two groups. Nineteen patients made up group A and received placebo for 60 days. Nineteen patients of Group B received 20 mg per day of citalopram for 60 days. Hearing evaluation was performed initially and after 60 days and included pure‐tone audiometry, speech discrimination test (SDT), emittanciometry (acoustic impedance audiometry), identification of synthetic sentences with an ipsilateral competitive message (SSI/ICM), tests of pitch‐pattern sequences (PPS), and the staggered spondaic words test (SSW).Results: Comparisons of tests of auditory processing pre‐ and posttreatment in each group showed a statistical improvement in performance on all tests in group B after 2 months of therapy. Comparisons pre‐ and posttreatment between groups showed that patients who received citalopram presented statistically significantly better results in the SSI/ICM test (P < .0001) after treatment. The same comparison in results for the PPS test and the SSW test revealed a tendency (P = .09 and 0.058, respectively) toward better performance in the group receiving citalopram.Conclusion: These preliminary results suggest that the use of citalopram can have a positive impact on auditory processes in elderly patients with low performance in auditory process.
Isolation and receptor profiling of ileal enterochromaffin cells
Authors: Schäfermeyer A. , Gratzl M. , Rad R. , Dossumbekova A. , Sachs G. , Prinz C. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractAim and methods:  Enterochromaffin (EC) cells, interspersed throughout the gastrointestinal mucosa, provide most of the serotonin of the body and control intestinal motility, secretion and absorption. We purified EC cells from the rat ileum by a combination of elutriation and density gradient centrifugation in order to characterize the function of this important cell type.Results:  Immunostaining showed that there were 84% serotonin‐positive cells in the highly enriched EC fraction as compared with 12% in unfractionated cells, yielding a approximately sevenfold enrichment. Serotonin measurements in the cell suspensions indicated a seven to 14‐fold enrichment. Presence of alpha‐ and beta‐adrenoreceptor isoforms, muscarinic M3 and gama‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)‐A receptors was confirmed by RT‐PCR and cytochemistry. Increased expression of VMAT‐1 and GABA‐A mRNA was also shown by quantitative TaqMan PCR using EC cell RNA. Serotonin release in isolated EC cells was stimulated by noradrenaline, and to a smaller extent, by carbachol, while GABA addition was without effect.Conclusion:  Our data provide a basis for a new approach to characterize receptors on this unique cell type.
A potential larval recruitment pathway originating from a Florida marine protected area
Authors: Domeier Michael L. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractStudies that track the dispersal of eggs and larvae from a point source are important to the emerging field of marine protected area (MPA) science. Two thousand ballasted drifter vials were released over a mutton snapper (Lutjanus analis) spawning aggregation in the Dry Tortugas, Florida, over two consecutive years (1999, 2000). The site, called Riley's Hump, is located within an MPA. The drifter vials were used as a means to model the potential dispersal and distribution of recruits originating from this site. Eleven percent of the vials were recovered each year by beachcombers. Results for each year indicated that Riley's Hump might be a source of mutton snapper recruits for a broad expanse of the Florida Keys and southeast Florida. Riley's Hump may therefore be functioning as an important fisheries reserve.
Relative importance of gulf and shelf waters for spawning and recruitment of Australian anchovy, Engraulis australis, in South Australia
Authors: Dimmlich W. F. , Breed W. G. , Geddes M. , Ward T. M. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractGonosomatic indices and egg and larval densities observed from 1986 to 2001 suggest that the peak spawning season of the Australian anchovy (Engraulis australis) in South Australia occurs during January to March (summer and autumn). This coincides with the spawning season of sardine (Sardinops sagax) and the period when productivity in shelf waters is enhanced by upwelling. Anchovy eggs were abundant throughout gulf and shelf waters, but the highest densities occurred in the northern parts of Spencer Gulf and Gulf St Vincent where sea surface temperatures (SST) were 24–26°C. In contrast, larvae >10 mm total length (TL) were found mainly in shelf waters near upwelling zones where SSTs were relatively low (<20°C) and levels of chlorophyll a (chl a) relatively high. Larvae >15 mm TL were collected only from shelf waters near upwelling zones. The high levels of larval abundance in the upwelling zones may reflect higher levels of recruitment to later stages in these areas compared with the gulfs. The sardine spawns mainly in shelf waters; few eggs and no larvae were collected from the northern gulfs. The abundance of anchovy eggs and larvae in shelf waters increased when sardine abundance was reduced by large‐scale mortality events, and decreased as the sardine numbers subsequently recovered. We hypothesize that the upwelling zones provide optimal conditions for the survival of larval anchovy in South Australia, but that anchovy can only utilize these zones effectively when the sardine population is low. At other times, northern gulf waters of South Australia may provide a refuge for the anchovy that the sardine cannot utilize.
Dental treatment for children with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopaenic purpura: a report of two cases
Authors: VAISMAN B. , MEDINA A. C. , RAMIREZ G. 
Published: August 2004

Summary.  Idiopathic thrombocytopaenic purpura (ITP) is the most common acquired bleeding disorder occurring in previously healthy children. The condition is benign and self‐limiting, with a high possibility of recovery. Only 15–30% of children with acute ITP develop the chronic form. Clinically, ITP presents with petechiae, ecchymoses, haematomas, epistaxis, haematuria, mucocutaneous bleeding, and occasionally, haemorrhage into tissues. Oral manifestations include spontaneous gingival bleeding, petechiae or haematomas of the mucosa, tongue or palate. Two paediatric case reports are described concerning female patients diagnosed with chronic ITP. Oral findings and dental procedures are described. Standard dental treatment was performed with a platelet count higher than 50 000/mm3. The importance of adequate dental plaque control techniques in order to prevent inflammation, potential bleeding and infection in these patients is emphasized. The paediatric dentist must be aware of the clinical appearance of ITP in order to recognize the condition and successfully manage the patient.
Regional odontodysplasia: a review of the literature and report of a case
Authors: HAMDAN MAHMOUD A. , SAWAIR FALEH A. , RAJAB LAMIS D. , HAMDAN AHMAD M. , AL‐OMARI IYAD KH. 
Published: August 2004

Summary.We present a rare case of a developmental anomaly called regional odontodysplasia or ‘ghost teeth’ in an 8·5‐year‐old Jordanian girl. The anomaly affected both the mandibular primary and permanent incisors, and the canines bilaterally. The maxillary teeth were unaffected. This is the first case of the anomaly to be reported in Jordan. The clinical, radiographic and histological features are reviewed. The management of affected patients is discussed.
Attitudes of Saudi Arabian mothers towards the digit‐sucking habit in children
Authors: AL‐JOBAIR A. , AL‐EMRAN S. E. S. 
Published: August 2004

Summary.Objective. The purpose of this study was to report on the attitudes of Saudi mothers towards the digit‐sucking habit in their children and their attempts to stop this fixation.Design. The research took the form of a cross‐sectional study.Methods. Data was collected from a sample of 50 Saudi mothers whose children currently had a digit‐sucking habit. One investigator used a specially designed questionnaire to interview all the mothers.Results. The results showed that 48% of mothers did not like to see the habit at any age, and no mother accepted the habit after the age of 4 years. Most mothers (86%) tried to stop their children digit‐sucking. Sixty‐six per cent of the present sample had noticed the adverse effect of this fixation on their child's occlusion, and this was given as the main reason for their attempts to stop the habit. The most common method used by Saudi mothers to stop their children sucking their digits was the application of a bitter tasting lotion to the fingers (66%). Although 48% of mothers had sought advice about digit‐sucking from dentists and paediatricians (30% and 18%, respectively), 60% of the dentists and all of paediatricians had made no suggestions about any solutions.Conclusion. No mother accepted the habit in their children after the age of 4 years. The majority of mothers had noticed the adverse effect of the digit‐sucking fixation. Non‐invasive procedures were most commonly used by Saudi mothers attempting to stop this habit in their children.
Changes in aspects of children's oral‐health‐related quality of life following dental treatment under general anaesthesia
Authors: ANDERSON H. K. , DRUMMOND B. K. , THOMSON W. M. 
Published: August 2004

Summary.Objectives. This study was intended to examine the treatment‐associated change in aspects of oral‐health‐related quality of life (QoL) among children (and their families) undergoing dental rehabilitation under general anaesthesia (GA).Methods. The parents or caregivers of a consecutive clinical sample of children receiving comprehensive dental treatment under GA at the University of Otago School of Dentistry, Dunedin, and the Christchurch Oral Health Centre, Christchurch, New Zealand, were interviewed by telephone before and after the treatment. Questions were asked relating to the impact of the condition on the child and the family. The post‐treatment questionnaire also sought information related to parental satisfaction with the care provided under GA.Results. The parents or caregivers of 95 children participated in the study: 49 had treatment completed at the University of Otago School of Dentistry; and 46 were treated at the Christchurch Oral Health Centre. The child sample comprised 55·8% males and 44·2% females with a mean age of 5·1 years. Their mean dmft was 8·2. A consistent pattern of improvement was found with each indicator used. Complaints of pain, problems with eating and sleeping, and behaviour concerns showed significant improvements, with 100% improvement for children for whom frequent pre‐GA problems associated with eating, sleeping and behaviour were reported. Sixty‐six parents had to arrange time away from employment on the day of the GA and almost half of those incurred a loss of income. The majority of parents reported a high degree of satisfaction with the care received.Conclusions. Treating young children with high disease experience in a single session under GA results in immediate improvement in oral health and aspects of their QoL for both the children and their families.
Effectiveness of morphine via thoracic epidural vs intravenous infusion on postthoracotomy pain and stress response in children
Authors: Bozkurt Pervin , Kaya Güner , Yeker Yüksel , AltIntaŞ FatiŞ , Bakan Mefkür , HacIbekiroǧlu Münire , Bahar Mois 
Published: August 2004

SummaryBackground : Thoracotomy causes severe pain in the postoperative period. The aim was to evaluate effectiveness of two pain treatment methods with morphine on postthoracotomy pain and stress response.Methods : Thirty‐two children undergoing major thoracotomy for noncardiac thoracic surgery were allocated to receive either single dose of thoracic epidural morphine 0.1 mg·kg−1 in 0.2 ml·kg−1 saline (TEP group, n = 16) or morphine infusion at 0.02 mg·kg−1 h−1 (INF group, n = 16) following bolus dose of 0.05 mg·kg−1 postinduction. Pain and sedation scores and incidence of complications were recorded for 24 h and cortisol, blood glucose, insulin and morphine serum levels were evaluated following induction, 1, 8, 12, and 24 h after initial morphine administration.Results : Five patients in TEP and one in INF required rescue morphine. The cortisol, insulin and blood glucose increased during the study and returned to normal levels at 24th hour (P < 0.05), similarly in both groups (P > 0.05). The morphine levels were variable within and between groups (P < 0.05). A common complication was nausea and vomiting with both the techniques (P > 0.05).Conclusion : Single dose TEP morphine offers no advantage over INF for pain treatment for thoracotomy in children and neither technique provided suppression of stress hormones in the first 24 h postoperatively.
Anesthesia in Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome
Authors: Celiker V. , Basgul E. , Karagoz A.H. 
Published: August 2004

SummaryAnesthetic management of a 3‐month‐old boy with Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome for bronchoscopy is reported. Management may be complicated by a difficult airway, congenital heart disease, and hypoglycemia. We did not have difficulty in airway management either with tracheal intubation or rigid bronchoscopy, but we could not extubate the baby because of tracheomalacia.
Combined general and epidural anesthesia for a child with alagille syndrome: a case report
Authors: Subramaniam Kathirvel , Myers Laura B. 
Published: August 2004

SummaryAlagille syndrome (syndromic paucity of interlobular bile ducts) is the most common form of familial intrahepatic cholestasis. We describe the perioperative management of a pediatric patient with Alagille syndrome undergoing ileal exclusion and the specific issues associated with epidural anesthesia with this syndrome.
The effect of premedication with OTFC, with or without ondansetron, on postoperative agitation, and nausea and vomiting in pediatric ambulatory patients*
Authors: Binstock Wendy , Rubin Rachel , Bachman Cathy , Kahana Madelyn , McDade William , Lynch James P. 
Published: August 2004

SummaryBackground : The purpose of this study was to evaluate, in the pediatric ambulatory surgical population, the efficacy of: (i) oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate (OTFC), when given preoperatively, to reduce postoperative excitement associated with sevoflurane, and (ii) intravenous ondansetron to reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) associated with OTFC.Methods : This randomized, double‐blinded, placebo controlled study evaluated the efficacy of OTFC [normal dose (ND) = 10–15 μg·kg−1 or low dose = 100 μg] compared with placebo in the prevention of postoperative agitation; and the efficacy of ondansetron (0.1 mg·kg−1 to 4 mg) compared with placebo to reduce PONV associated with OTFC.Results : There were 125 patients evaluated (2–10 years old, ASA class I or II and weight 10–40 kg). Preoperatively OTFC was associated with an increased likelihood of cooperation at baseline (P = 0.018). Postoperatively there was a higher incidence of vomiting in children that received OTFC. The anxiety/agitation of patients entering the PACU was significantly less in children who received OTFC ND (P < 0.001). This effect decreased over time. Patients with respiratory adverse events related to the study drug were significantly higher in groups who received OTFC, however, they were not of clinical significance. OTFC was associated with delays in time for eligibility to PACU discharge (P = 0.003).Conclusions : Even though OTFC reduced early postoperative agitation the increase in side effects, namely PONV and prolonged recovery times, limits its clinical usefulness. The study demonstrates the tradeoffs between anxiety and agitation vs vomiting, respiratory events and prolonged recovery times. Ambulatory pediatric patients undergoing procedures in which opioids would be routinely used might benefit the most from OTFC combined with ondansetron as part of the anesthetic technique.
Audio‐Doppler guidance using a small‐caliber Doppler probe for internal jugular venous puncture for central venous catheterization in infants and children
Authors: Arai Toshimi , Yamashita Masao 
Published: August 2004

SummaryBackground : We evaluated an audio‐Doppler with a small‐caliber probe as a guide for central venous cannulation (CVC) via the internal jugular vein (IJV) in infants and children.Methods : The right IJV was located with a small‐caliber (2.0 mm in diameter) audio‐Doppler probe using 10 MHz ultrasound. The probe was placed on the neck about the level of sixth cervical vertebra and was moved until the crisp pulsatile sound of the carotid artery was identified. Then the probe was moved laterally to identify the low‐pitched venous hum of the right IJV. After marking the puncture site on the skin, a sterile cannulation procedure was performed. Ultimate success rate, cannulation time <10 min, successful cannulation within three punctures, and complications were recorded.Results : Ultimate success rate was 65.6% (42/64) in infants (<12 m), and 94.7% (72/76) in children (12 m or older). Cannulation time <10 min was 48.4% in infants, and 85.5% in children. Successful cannulation within three punctures was 45.3% in infants and 82.8% in children. Three carotid arterial punctures occurred.Conclusions : We were not able to demonstrate absolute superiority of the results utilizing this device over the reported results of traditional landmark techniques for CVC via the right IJV. However, this device may contribute to reducing complications and be of value in teaching residents where to insert a needle for an internal jugular puncture.
Frequency of anesthesia‐related complications in children with Down syndrome under general anesthesia for noncardiac procedures
Authors: Borland Lawrence M. , Colligan Jacqueline , Brandom Barbara W. 
Published: August 2004

SummaryBackground : Craniofacial and cardiac anomalies of Down syndrome (DS; trisomy 21) would seem to place these patients at higher risk of anesthesia‐related complications (ARCs), but to date no comprehensive large‐scale study has quantified this risk.Methods : A retrospective chart review was conducted on all patients with DS undergoing anesthesia between April 1, 1988, and May 31, 1995, at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh. In addition, the Anesthesiology Department Quality Assurance (QA) System database of concurrently collected anesthesia information on all patients undergoing anesthesia at the hospital since 1985 was analyzed.Results : Of the total 74 021 anesthetic encounters during the study period, 930 anesthetic encounters in 488 patients with DS undergoing noncardiac procedures were analyzed. The most frequent ARCs were bradycardia (severe) (3.66%), natural airway obstruction (1.83%), difficult intubation (0.54%), postintubation croup (1.83%), and bronchospasm (0.43%).Conclusions : Comprehensive reporting is needed to capture all significant adverse events. The incidences of bradycardia on induction, natural airway obstruction, and postintubation (or instrumentation) croup were significantly higher in the DS noncardiac group compared with the remaining population. Current anesthesia techniques and agents must be compared using quantitative QA data to ensure use of the safest options for each patient.