bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PAN composite membrane with different solvent affinities controlled by surface modification methods
Authors: Dragan Ecaterina Stela , Mihai Marcela , Schauer J. , Ghimici Luminita 
Published: August 2005

AbstractPolyacrylonitrile (PAN) composite membranes with surface properties designed by either a chemical modification with ethylenediamine (EDA), or layer‐by‐layer (LbL) polyelectrolyte adsorption were investigated in this paper. Fourier‐transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and streaming potential measurements showed that the first step of the reaction with EDA in gas phase was the formation of ammonium salts with the reactive carboxylic groups present on the surface of the starting membrane. Part of the ammonium carboxylate groups was transformed in secondary amide linkages by a heat‐induced reaction. Poly(sodium styrenesulfonate) (NaPSS) and a polycation containing about 95 mol % of N,N‐dimethyl‐2‐hydroxypropyleneammonium chloride units in the backbone (PCA5) were used as opposite polyions in the LbL film construction. The adsorbed polyion amount per every layer was controlled by the nature and concentration of the supporting electrolyte in polyelectrolyte deposition solution (NaBr and KBr). An almost linear increase of the adsorbed polyion amount versus the layer pair number was observed. The swelling degree (SD) in pure alcohols of the LbL‐modified PAN composite membrane decreased with the increase of the solvent polarity and with the decrease of the pore volume by pore filling with polyelectrolyte complex multilayer. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 4161–4171, 2005
Synthesis and characterization of a new acceptor (n‐type) fluorinated and terminal‐functionalized polythiophene
Authors: Thomas Shanneth , Zhang Cheng , Sun Sam‐Shajing 
Published: August 2005

AbstractDonor‐ or acceptor‐substituted polythiophenes have many potential applications in optoelectronics. Fluorinated polythiophenes are particularly attractive because of the presence of fluorine, which can withdraw electrons and also improve polymer chemical stability. Because of the promising future of these polymers, there has been much interest in identifying favorable synthetic routes to new fluorinated monomers and polymers. In this study, the monomer had an electron‐withdrawing fluorinated ester and was derived from 3‐thiophene carboxylic acid and 2,2,3,3,4,4,4‐heptafluoro‐1‐butanol. The synthesis of an n‐type fluorinated and terminal‐functionalized polythiophene was accomplished with the Ullmann coupling reaction. A polymer soluble in tetrahydrofuran was obtained with a molecular weight of approximately 15,000 g/mol. In solution, it exhibited a band gap of 2.4 eV, and the photoluminescent excitation and emission maxima were 370 nm and 555 nm, respectively. All peaks were bathochromically shifted when they were measured in the solid state. The glass‐transition and decomposition (in air) temperatures were 129 and 493 °C, respectively. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 4280–4287, 2005
High‐molecular‐weight poly(1,5‐dioxepan‐2‐one) via enzyme‐catalyzed ring‐opening polymerization
Authors: Srivastava Rajiv K. , Albertsson Ann‐Christine 
Published: August 2005

AbstractTo avoid organometallic catalysts in the synthesis of poly(1,5‐dioxepan‐2‐one), the enzymatic ring‐opening polymerization of 1,5‐dioxepan‐2‐one (DXO) was performed with lipase CA (derived from Candida antarctica) as a biocatalyst. A linear relationship between the number‐average molecular weight and monomer conversion was observed, and this suggested that the product molecular weight could be controlled by the stoichiometry of the reactants. The monomer consumption followed a first‐order rate law with respect to the monomer, and no chain termination occurred. Water acted as a chain initiator, but it could cause polymer hydrolysis when it exceeded an optimum level. An initial activation via the heating of the enzyme was sufficient to start the polymerization, as the monomer conversion occurred when samples were left at room temperature after an initial heating at 60 °C. A high lipase content led to a high monomer conversion as well as a high molecular weight. An increase in the monomer conversion and molecular weight was observed when the polymerization temperature was increased from 40 to 80 °C. A further increase in the polymerization temperature led to a decrease in the monomer conversion and molecular weight because of the denaturation of the enzyme at elevated temperatures. The polymerization behavior of DXO under lipase CA catalysis was compared with that of ε‐caprolactone (CL). The rate of monomer conversion of DXO was much faster than that of CL, and this may have been due to differences in their specificity toward lipase CA. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 4206–4216, 2005
Teenage asthma after severe early childhood wheezing: An 11‐year prospective follow‐up
Authors: Hyvärinen Mari K. , Kotaniemi‐Syrjänen Anne , Reijonen Tiina M. , Korhonen Kaj , Korppi Matti O. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe role of factors related to early wheezing and their associations with subsequent development of asthma are controversial. We reevaluated 81 children who had been prospectively followed up since hospitalization for wheezing at less than 2 years of age. The baseline data on characteristics of the children, family‐related factors, and viral causes of wheezing were collected on entry into the study. At the median age of 12.3 years, current symptoms suggestive of asthma and allergy were recorded. As part of the clinical examination, an outdoor exercise challenge test and skin prick tests to common inhalant allergens were performed. Asthma, as indicated by current inhaled anti‐inflammatory medication or repeated wheezing and positive result in the challenge test, was present in 32 (40%) children, and 90% of them were sensitized to at least one allergen. Early asthma‐predictive factors were atopic dermatitis (odds ratio (OR), 3.5; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.2–10.1) and the presence of specific IgE to inhalant allergens (OR, 11.3; 95% CI, 1.9–67.6). Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) identification during wheezing in infancy was relatively rare (20%) among later asthmatics compared with other or no viral identification (52%) or rhinovirus identification (58%). Since the prevalence of childhood asthma in our area is 4.0–5.0%, we conclude that the increased risk of asthma persists until the teenage years after hospitalization for wheezing in infancy. The risk was about 5‐fold after respiratory syncytial virus‐induced wheezing, and more than 10‐fold after rhinovirus‐induced wheezing in the present study. Pediatr Pulmonol. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pulmonary function and structure following mild preterm birth in lambs
Authors: Cock Megan , Hanna Mary , Sozo Foula , Wallace Megan , Yawno Tamara , Suzuki Keiji , Maritz Gert , Hooper Stuart , Harding Richard 
Published: August 2005

AbstractOur objective was to determine whether postnatal respiratory function, lung growth, and lung structure are affected by preterm birth which did not require neonatal respiratory support. Two groups of preterm (P) lambs were delivered 2 weeks before term, at 133 days of gestational age (GA). Tissue was collected at term equivalent age (TEA, 147 days GA) in one P group and at 6 weeks post‐TEA in the other. Tissue was also collected from control (C) lambs soon after term birth (TEA) and at 6 weeks post‐TEA. Lung function was assessed at TEA and 6 weeks post‐TEA. Respiratory system compliance (Crs/kg BWT) was not different between P and C groups at TEA, but was higher (P = 0.02) in P lambs at 6 weeks post‐TEA. Pulmonary resistance was 62% higher in P lambs than controls (P = 0.07) at TEA, and remained higher at 6 weeks post‐TEA. Lung weights (wet and dry) were greater (P < 0.05) in preterm animals at both ages; when adjusted for body weight, only dry lung weight remained higher at 6 weeks post‐TEA. Alveoli were more numerous (P = 0.05) and smaller (P = 0.05) in preterm lambs compared to controls at both ages. Alveolar septa were 33% thicker and the blood‐air barrier was 26% thicker in P lambs than in controls at TEA, and remained thicker at 6 weeks post‐TEA. In P lambs, the airway epithelium was thicker at TEA and 6 weeks post‐TEA. At TEA, pulmonary tropoelastin expression was 27% lower in P lambs. At 6 weeks post‐TEA, dry lung weight and lung protein content were ∼50% greater in preterm lambs than in controls (P < 0.05), whereas lung DNA, elastin, and collagen contents were similar in the two groups. We conclude that mild preterm birth per se leads to both transient and persistent changes in lung development. Persistent increases in lung protein content and in the thickness of the airway epithelium, and a greater number of smaller alveolar, may alter later lung function. Pediatr Pulmonol. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigations of atomic structure and bonding at domain boundaries in bulk La0.5Eu0.2Sr0.3MnO3
Authors: Sun B. Z. , He L. L. , Luo F. , Yan C. H. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe article [1] featured on the cover of this issue investigates the formation of the orthorhombic phase and 120° large‐angle orientation domains in bulk La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 compound doped with Eu. The cover picture is a transmission electron microscopy image of the domain boundaries of this phase. Insets show the composite [012] zone electron diffraction pattern (bottom right) and diffraction patterns from the single domains. The 120° rotational symmetry originates from the three‐fold axis of the high‐temperature pseudo‐cubic phase.The first author is a Ph. D. candidate in the Institute of Metal Research of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, working on microstructural characterization on the atomic scale for colossal magnetoresistance materials.This issue does also contain an important Rapid Research Letter contribution by Cai and Sandhage [2] on the shape‐preserving reactive conversion of biosilica shell surfaces of diatoms, a topic at the interface of materials and biological sciences.
Alternative formulation of the matrix elements in MP2‐R12 theory
Authors: Kedžuch Stanislav , Milko Matúš , Noga Jozef 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA formulation of MP2‐R12 theory is presented leading to simplified matrix elements in the R12 part. The resulting formulas are free from the integrals over the commutator of the kinetic operator with inter‐electronic distance, which means a substantial decreasing of the computational demands. The use of an auxiliary basis set for the resolution of identity is discussed. First results using the standard approximation are compared with the former variants of MP2‐R12 for CH2, CH4, NH3, H2O, HF, CO, CH3OH, N2, and F2. The results show that the new formulation is not only less demanding, but also preferred concerning the convergence properties toward the basis set limit. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Symbolic NMR product operator calculations
Authors: Güntert Peter 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSymbolic nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) product operator calculations provide an analytic, intuitive, yet precise description of the time evolution of the density operator during an NMR experiment. NMR experiments are implemented as pulse sequences consisting of short radiofrequency pulses separated by delay periods during which the spin system evolves under the influence of the static external magnetic field and spin–spin interactions. The quantum mechanical calculations to follow the time evolution of the density operator can be decomposed into the repeated application of a set of simple rules, known as the product operator formalism, that naturally lend themselves to symbolic computation. This article describes a complete implementation of the NMR Product Operator formalism in MAthematica (POMA), which has greatly simplified the development of many NMR pulse sequences, and provided insight into their functioning. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006
Stand development and regeneration during a 33‐year period in a seral Picea glehnii forest, northern Japan
Authors: Takahashi Koichi , Yogo Masaru , Ishibashi Satoshi 
Published: August 2005

AbstractStand development and regeneration were studied during a 33‐year period (1965‐1998) in a 1‐ha plot in a seral Picea glehnii forest in northern Japan. P. glehnii was mono‐dominant in the upper canopy layer, but its understory trees were rarely found in 1965. Other species were scarcely observed in 1965. Many recruited saplings of Abies sachalinensis which had grown to > 5 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) by 1998 had become dominant in the understory layer. Mortality of P. glehnii canopy trees was low. Therefore, the stand basal area increased during the census period due to the growth of surviving canopy trees. Stand development brought about intense competition among trees by increasing local crowding for each tree, and promoted dominance of larger trees and suppression of smaller trees. Although growth rates of understory trees of the two conifers decreased with the increase in local crowding, the growth rate of A. sachalinensis was consistently higher than that of P. glehnii at all extents of local crowding. The recruitment rate (growing to ≥ 5 cm DBH) of the two conifers was less affected by local crowding. However, the number of recruits of P. glehnii was only about a quarter of that of A. sachalinensis during the census period because the regeneration of P. glehnii was largely restricted to fallen logs and within 1 m of the base of any live tree > 20 cm DBH. Therefore, our long‐term study suggests that A. sachalinensis will dominate over P. glehnii in the seral forest because of higher recruitment and growth rates of the former than the latter in the understory.
An ionic model of stretch-activated and stretch-modulated currents in rabbit ventricular myocytes
Authors: Healy Sarah N. , McCulloch Andrew D. 
Published: August 2005

Abstract

Aims
To develop an ionic model of stretch-activated and stretch-modulated currents in rabbit ventricular myocytes consistent with experimental observations, that can be used to investigate the role of these currents in intact myocardium.

Methods and results
A non-specific cation-selective stretch-activated current Ins, was incorporated into the Puglisi–Bers ionic model of epicardial, endocardial and midmyocardial ventricular myocytes. Using the model, we predict a reduction in action potential duration at 20% repolarization (APD20) and action potential amplitude, an elevated resting transmembrane potential and either an increase or decrease in APD90, depending on the reversal potential of Ins. A stretch-induced decrease in IK1 (70%), plus a small Ins current (gns=10 pS), results in a reduction in APD20 and increase in APD90, and a reduced safety factor for conduction. Increasing IK1 (150%) plus a large Ins current (gns=40 pS), also leads to a reduction in APD20 and increase in APD90, but with a greater safety factor. Endocardial and midmyocardial cells appear to be the most sensitive to stretch-induced changes in action potential. The addition of the K+-specific stretch-activated current (SAC) IKo results in action potential shortening.

Conclusion
Transmural heterogeneity of IKo may reduce repolarization gradients in intact myocardium caused by intrinsic ion channel densities, nonuniform strains and electrotonic effects.
Doppler ultrasound assessment and serum cancer antigen 125 in the diagnosis of ovarian tumors
Authors: Erdoğan N. , Özçelik B. , Serin İ.S. , Akgün M. , Öztürk F. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractObjective: To differentiate benign from malignant ovarian tumors based on sonographic detection of a solid component. Method: Sixty‐three women with ovarian masses were evaluated preoperatively by grayscale and power/color Doppler ultrasonographic examination, with specific predefined criteria for the solid component. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated and assessed against the histopathologic outcome. The contribution of cancer antigen (CA) 125 levels to the diagnostic accuracy was also assessed. Result: Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 100%, 95.2%, 91.3% and 100%, respectively, with two false‐positive results. Had an elevated CA 125 level (> 35 U/mL) been included in the malignancy criteria, the false‐positive results would have been eliminated, giving an accuracy of 100%. Conclusion: Sonographic evaluation with predefined specific criteria for the detection of a solid tumor component is an accurate method of preoperative discrimination between benign and malignant ovarian tumors. A serum CA 125 assay may assist in eliminating false‐positive results.
Middle to Late Holocene glacial variations, periglacial processes and alluvial sedimentation on the higher Apennine massifs (Italy)
Authors: Giraudi Carlo 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe major climatic variations that have affected the summit slopes of the higher Apennine massifs in the last 6000 yr are shown in alternating layers of organic matter-rich soils and alluvial, glacial and periglacial sediments. The burial of the soils, triggered by environmental–climatic variations, took place in several phases. For the last 3000 yr chronological correlations can be drawn between phases of glacial advance, scree and alluvial sedimentation and development of periglacial features. During some periods, the slopes were covered by vegetation up to 2700 m and beyond, while in other phases the same slopes were subject to glacial advances and periglacial processes, and alluvial sediments were deposited on the high plateaus. Around 5740–5590, 1560–1370 and 1300–970 cal yr B.P., organic matter-rich soils formed on slopes currently subject to periglacial and glacial processes; the mean annual temperature must therefore have been higher than at present. Furthermore, on the basis of the variations in the elevation of the lower limit reached by gelifraction, it can be concluded that the oscillations in the minimum winter temperatures could have ranged between 3.0°C lower (ca. 790–150 cal yr B.P.) and 1.2°C higher (ca. 5740–5590 cal yr B.P.) than present minimum winter temperatures. During the last 3000 yr the cold phases recorded by the Calderone Glacier advance in the Apennines essentially match basically the phases of glacial advance in the Alps.
The Integrity Gap: Canada's Environmental Policy and
Institutions
Authors: Rayner Jeremy 
Published: August 2005

The Integrity Gap: Canada's Environmental Policy and
Institutions, Eugene Lee and Anthony Perl, eds., Vancouver: UBC Press,
2003, pp. xi, 288.This collection, which grew out of papers presented at a conference at
the Sookyung Centre for Canadian Studies in Seoul in 1999, is one of a
number of recent publications to call attention to a peculiar feature of
Canadian environmental policy. In spite of our much publicized commitment
to greenery at home and our hectoring criticism of other countries'
environmental policies abroad, our own record, when closely examined,
proves to be lamentable and is actually getting worse in comparison with
our counterparts in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development (OECD). This yawning gulf between promise and performance is
the “integrity gap” of Lee and Perl's title.
L'administration publique. De L'École classique au
nouveau management public
Authors: Burlone Nathalie 
Published: August 2005

L'administration publique. De L'École classique au
nouveau management public, Jean Mercier, Québec, Les Presses de
l'Université Laval, 2002, 518 p.Le livre de Jean Mercier, destiné à un public
d'étudiants, est un manuel d'introduction assez exhaustif
qui permet de s'initier à l'administration publique et
d'en apprendre les principaux processus, structures et
théories. L'auteur situe son ouvrage dans une perspective
temporelle et offre ainsi au lecteur un large éventail de
thèmes, de tendances et de théories qui touchent
l'administration publique. Ses exemples, souvent tirés du
secteur de l'environnement, reflètent les expériences
québécoise, canadienne et internationale.
Real Libertarianism Assessed: Political Theory after Van
Parijs
Authors: Dobuzinskis Laurent 
Published: August 2005

Real Libertarianism Assessed: Political Theory after Van Parijs,
Andrew Reeve and Andrew Williams, eds., London: Palgrave, 2003, pp. x,
223Philippe Van Parijs' Real Freedom for All (Oxford:
Clarendon Press, 1995) is one of the most stimulating contributions to
left-libertarianism published in the last decade. It is, therefore, not
surprising that an edited volume that critically examines his ideas has
now been published. The contributing authors (two of whom, Peter
Vallentyne and Hillel Steiner, are other well known left-libertarians)
raise interesting and often pointed questions, but they all have some good
things to say about Van Parijs' original proposal.
Kant and Liberal Internationalism
Authors: Munn Jamie 
Published: August 2005

Kant and Liberal Internationalism, Antonio Franceschet, Basingstoke:
Palgrave Macmillan, 2002, pp. 164Few political notions are at once so normative and so equivocal as
liberal internationalism. Today, the official discourse of the West
resounds with appeals to a term that was long a trademark of the Left.
Whatever sense is given it, the meaning of internationalism logically
depends on some prior conception of nationalism, since it only has
currency as a backward construction referring to its opposite. Yet while
nationalism is of all modern political phenomena the most
value-contested—judgements of its record standardly varying across a
180-degree span, from admiration to abhorrence—no such schizophrenia
of connotation affects internationalism: its implication is virtually
always positive. But the price of approval is indeterminacy. If no one
doubts the fact of nationalism, but few agree as to its worth, at the
entry to the millennium the status of internationalism would appear to be
more or less the reverse. It is claimed on all sides as a value, but who
can identify it without challenge in the form of force?
Du retour. Abécédaire biopolitique. Entretiens avec
Anne Dufourmantelle
Authors: Giroux Dalie 
Published: August 2005

Du retour. Abécédaire biopolitique. Entretiens avec Anne
Dufourmantelle, Antonio Negri, Paris : Calmann-Lévy, 2002, 243
pagesDu retour est un entretien avec Antonio Negri mené par
la psychanalyste Anne Dufourmantelle. Negri est sorti des prisons
italiennes en 2003, après avoir été accusé
d'avoir participé, avec les Brigades rouges, à
l'assassinat d'Aldo Moro. Il est l'auteur, avec le
philosophe américain Michael Hardt, de Empire—un
ouvrage dont il n'est pas exagéré de dire qu'il
est désormais la référence théorique
principale du mouvement altermondialiste. L'intellectuel et
professeur italien, le “ mauvais maître ” , comme on
l'a appelé, a livré cet entretien en 2002 alors
qu'il était encore en semi-liberté.