bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beta‐diversity within coral atolls: Terrestrial species turnover increases with cyclone frequencies
Authors: Steibl Sebastian , Russell James C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimAtolls are a widely distributed, common type of tropical ecosystem, each consisting of an annular coral reef and up to several hundred individual islets sitting on the reef platform. The small land areas and low elevation render the terrestrial communities susceptible to local extinctions from overwash and inundation due to tropical cyclones. Such recurring catastrophic disturbances should be expected to drive strong priority effects and historical contingency in species assembly, thus also promoting species turnover within atolls. This stands contradictory to the received wisdom of atolls consisting of numerous uniform, replicated island systems. We tested the hypothesis that the individual islets within an atoll exhibit compositional turnover and that this species turnover within atolls is related to cyclone frequency.LocationAtolls worldwide.Time PeriodPresent.Taxa StudiedVascular plants, reptiles, birds.MethodsWe compiled a global dataset at the level of islets for species presence/absence within atolls. We obtained long‐term (80 year) tropical cyclone frequency data for each atoll from the NOAA hurricane database and used Bayesian regression to estimate the effects of tropical cyclone frequency on species turnover within atolls.ResultsWe consistently measured high within‐atoll species turnover (i.e., between the individual islets within an atoll) on atolls worldwide. The degree of within‐atoll species turnover increases with increasing tropical cyclone frequency. Atolls that are more frequently hit by tropical cyclones show higher species turnover between their islets than those that occur outside the tropical cyclone belt.Main ConclusionsTropical cyclones are a significant driver of the community assemblages on atolls. These catastrophic disturbances promote a heterogenous atoll landscape, which challenges perceptions that the islets within an atoll are identical replicates of the entire atoll terrestrial community. Biodiversity surveys undertaken at the islet‐level (alpha‐diversity) might therefore not be representative of the entire atoll metacommunity (gamma) diversity.
Translation, cultural adaptation and validation of a patient‐reported experience measure for children
Authors: Nordlind Anna , Anderzén‐Carlsson Agneta , Sundqvist Ann‐Sofie , Ängeby Karin , Wray Jo , Oldham Geralyn , Almblad Ann‐Charlotte 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere is no national, validated, generic patient‐reported experience measure (PREM) for children under 15 years of age in Sweden. A recent cross‐sectional study found no consensus in how children's voices are heard in paediatric health care, as well as a lack of validated questionnaires.AimThe aim of this study is to translate, adapt and validate the six versions of the Children's and Young People's PREM for use in a Swedish health care context.DesignAn exploratory sequential mixed‐method design including cognitive interviews and content validity index (CVI) was used. The interviews focused on evaluating children's understanding of the questionnaire, and the CVI was used to further adjust the relevance of the questionnaire.ParticipantsA convenience sample of 62 children participated in the cognitive interviews and an additional convenience sample of 42 children was included in the CVI testing. The children, aged 8–16 years, were attending routine visits at paediatric departments in a county hospital and a children's hospital in the mid‐Sweden region between October 2020 and June 2022.ResultsThe translation, adaptation and validation process identified several issues regarding the understanding of the questionnaire in a Swedish context. Adaptations were made based on issues related to context, wording and the structure of the questions. CVI testing resulted in the removal of 3–10 questions in each of the different versions of the questionnaire.ConclusionThe study has resulted in six face‐ and content‐validated Swedish versions of the questionnaire ready for pilot testing. Although the versions of the original questionnaire were developed in collaboration with children in the United Kingdom, this did not mean that they could automatically be used in a Swedish health care context. This study confirms the importance of a rigorous process of adaptation and validation to ensure quality and applicability to children accessing health care in different countries.Patient or Public ContributionChildren's views have guided the development of the original instrument and its adaptation to the Swedish health care context. Due to the strong patient involvement in the process of developing the Swedish versions of the questionnaire, the research group made a pragmatic decision to have no other patient contribution in the study.
The lived experiences of oropharyngeal dysphagia in adults living with fibromyalgia
Authors: Gilheaney Órla , Hussey Joeann , McTiernan Kathleen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundFibromyalgia is a chronic pain condition which has recently been linked with eating, drinking and swallowing difficulties (dysphagia). However, to date, sample sizes within completed research are small and study designs heterogeneous, and therefore, little is known about the lived experiences of dysphagia among people with fibromyalgia. To go some way towards addressing this gap in the literature, this study collected and analysed the first‐hand experiences of the physical symptoms, the psychosocial impacts and environmental factors that influenced the lived experience of a sample of people living with fibromyalgia‐associated dysphagia.MethodsQualitative semi‐structured interviews were conducted with adults with dysphagia and fibromyalgia. Reflexive thematic analysis was employed and themes were identified regarding the reported experience and impact of swallowing problems. The same researcher conducted the interviews and extracted all data, and a second researcher analysed a random sample of 5% of the data for accuracy, with no disagreements arising between the two researchers.ResultsAll participants (n = 8) reported the negative psychosocial impact of their dysphagia. Participants reported managing their dysphagia independently, primarily using compensatory strategies. Participants discussed feeling unsupported in healthcare interactions due to clinicians not understanding the occurrence, nature or impact of eating, drinking and swallowing difficulties. Participants also reported that they did not have access to evidence‐based management strategies that adequately addressed their fibromyalgia‐related swallowing problems.ConclusionsDespite minimal previous research in this area, findings here highlight the impact that dysphagia has on people with fibromyalgia. A broad range of physical symptoms were reported to have negative consequences across both social and emotional domains. The reported symptoms often required complex coping strategies and sometimes impeded participants from seeking suitable medical intervention from healthcare providers. There are both broad‐ranging implications of fibromyalgia‐associated dysphagia and reported poor perceptions of medical interactions for this cohort of patients. Therefore, there is evidently a need for clinical research into the management of this condition to develop patient‐centred care delivery options and to equip healthcare professionals with the knowledge and skills necessary to provide efficacious management to this group.Patient or Public ContributionBefore initiation of the qualitative interviews, the interview schedule was piloted with an individual living with fibromyalgia and dysphagia, with feedback provided on the appropriate wording and format of semi‐structured questioning.
Increased accumulation of the advanced glycation endproduct Ne(carboxymethyl) lysine in the intramyocardial vasculature in patients with epicarditis
Authors: Baylan U , Baidoshvili A , Simsek S , Schalkwijk CG , Niessen HWM , Krijnen PAJ 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAdvanced glycation end‐products (AGEs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of vascular disease. In previous studies we have found increased deposition of N(e)‐(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) in intramyocardial vasculature in the heart in acute myocardial infarction and myocarditis. It is known that the process of inflammation plays a role in the formation of AGEs. In this study we have explored the presence of CML (a major AGE) in the heart of patients with epicarditis using a monoclonal anti‐CML antibody. Nine patients with epicarditis (n = 9) died and their hearts were used for this study, control were hearts from patients who died from conditions unrelated to heart disease and without signs of myocarditis or epicarditis CML deposition and complement were significantly increased in patients with epicarditis compared to control hearts. Thus epicarditis increases CML depositions in the intramyocardial vasculature.
Modeling and optimization of the sagging process for large‐size and high‐purity silica glass synthesis
Authors: Li Chengshuai , Yin Suping , Ma Qianli , Fang Haisheng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGlass sagging is a subsequent process to the CVD process used for large‐size and high‐purity silica glass synthesis. Physical phenomena taking place in this process are complicated which need an in‐depth understanding for better control. In this paper, a comprehensive study is conducted for the sagging process using a level‐set and enthalpy‐porosity coupled model. With this model, the deforming behavior of glass ingot and evolution of OH uniformly distributed region are well predicted. Then, two performance indices (the effective yield rate and maximum extension radius of OH uniformly distributed region) are proposed based on different applications, and important factors, including geometrical parameters (the ingot initial length, crucible diameter and pedestal height) and operating parameter (the heater power allocation scheme), are explored for their effects on the two indices. The orthogonal test design method is adopted to further determine the collective effects of the four factors. According to the range analysis results, the initial ingot length has the greatest effect, while the crucible diameter has the least effect on the effective yield rate; and for the maximum extension radius, the crucible diameter becomes the major factor, while the pedestal height is the most insensitive factor. The corresponding optimal schemes are proposed for the two indices finally, which are believed to provide useful guidance for improving the sagging process.
The Western Australian experience of COVID‐19 after the borders reopened: evaluation of public health modelling predictions
Authors: Law Lynden , Lo Wei Juen , House Caris , Rawlins Matthew , Boan Peter , Musk Michael 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundWestern Australia (WA) serves as a unique global case study on the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) on an isolated, prepared and highly vaccinated population. This study builds upon the study performed by House et al. through an extended data set.AimTo examine the impact of COVID‐19 at the only quaternary hospital in WA following the border opening from 3 March to 17 July 2022.ParticipantsA total of 257 adults were admitted with COVID‐19 under either respiratory or the intensive care unit (ICU).OutcomesAdmission numbers, disease severity, ICU admission, prevalence of COVID‐19 deterioration risk factors, length of stay and mortality.ResultsA total of 257 patients were admitted with COVID‐19, under respiratory (81.7%) and ICU (18.3%). COVID‐19 was the primary reason for admission for 67.7%. Ten patients died during the study, with seven deaths attributed to COVID pneumonitis. COVID‐19 severity was 37.4% mild, 37.0% moderate, 18.3% severe and 7.4% critical. Risk factors for requiring ICU included incomplete immunisation status (P = 0.011), chronic kidney disease (P = 0.008) and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (ATSI) ethnicity. The WA Department of Health predicted that the number of hospitalisations and ICU cases were significantly higher than the actual number of cases.ConclusionThe number of hospitalisations and ICU COVID‐19 cases were significantly less than predicted, likely due to high population vaccination rates prior to border opening. The main risk factors for COVID‐19 severity were incomplete immunisation and ATSI ethnicity.
The prevalence and risk factors of PTSD symptoms among nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic—A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hernández‐Bojorge Santiago , Campos Adriana , Parikh Jeegan , Beckstead Jason , Lajeunesse Marc , Wildman Derek 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSince the first reported outbreak in China, the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has raised serious concerns globally. The COVID‐19 pandemic has caused a severe psychological impact on healthcare workers (HCWs), and especially nurses, who are the most numerous and exposed frontline group. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aims to summarise extant literature on the effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the psychological health of nurses, particularly concerning the prevalence and risk factors for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Embase and PsycInfo from March 2020 to July 2023. Articles were included/excluded on predetermined eligibility criteria. A random‐effect meta‐analysis was performed using proportions to determine the pooled prevalence for PTSD among nurses. Subgroup analyses were also performed, and heterogeneity across studies was analysed using meta‐regression. Relatively high prevalence rates of PTSD were reported among nurse populations during the COVID‐19 pandemic in twenty‐six different countries, globally. Risk factors associated with PTSD include having prior mental health co‐morbidities, being a female, having high exposure/contact with COVID‐19 patients, having insufficient protective conditions and having intensive workloads. The overall pooled prevalence was 29.1% (95% C.I. = 23.5%, 35.5%) using a random‐effects model in 55 studies. The regression test of funnel plot asymmetry indicated a significant level of publication bias among studies. The COVID‐19 pandemic is associated with significant levels of PTSD among frontline nurses globally. A high level of heterogeneity was observed across studies. Psychological, social and administrative interventions should be implemented to mitigate heavy psychological distress in nurses.
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Authors: Tavares Mary , Chiu Chung‐Jung , Hasturk Hatice , Lake Kristina , O'Keefe Anna C. , De Armas Veronica , Yaskell Tina , Esberg Anders , Johansson Ingegerd , Tanner Anne C. 
Published: December 2023

The cover image is based on the Original Article Household, dietary, and clinical characteristics of childhood caries and overweight progression—A prospective cohort study by Mary Tavares et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/ipd.13093.
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Successive phase transitions–induced multiple boundaries and unprecedented electrocaloric effect in Pb(Yb1/2Nb1/2)O3–Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 system
Authors: Li Feng , Long Mingsheng , Tan Qi , Lou Xiaojie , Shan Lei , Wang Chunchang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTemperature stability of electrocaloric effect (ECE) is a thorny problem in ferroelectrics (FE). A general method is to design ferroelectric‐to‐relaxor phase transition at a sacrifice of electrocaloric (EC) strength. The Pb(Yb1/2Nb1/2)O3 antiferroelectrics (AFE) + Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 relaxors strategy designed in this work is effective to tackle this dilemma [(1 − x)PYN–xPMN, x = 0.08–0.36]. PMN addition induces a successive phase transition and dual phase boundaries of ferrielectric (FIE)‐nonergodic relaxor (NER) and NER‐ergodic relaxor (ER), where ferroelectric polarization/strain and ECE reach a local maximum. Thermally stable ΔT is unexpectedly achieved in FIE (x = 0.14) and NER (x = 0.24), except for a generality for ER state (x = 0.30). A dome‐like variation trend is observed in x = 0.14 and 0.24 with a wide temperature span of ∼60 and ∼55 K (±15%ΔTmax). Notably, x = 0.24 NER possesses a large directly measured ΔTmax ∼0.64 K simultaneously. Dielectric/ferroelectric properties clarify that two‐stage transition of AFE rigid‐order de‐texture and dissociation of de‐textured AFE domains into polar nano‐entities accounts for thermal stability of ΔT as the alternation of ordered antipolar domains to disorder relaxors serves as a buffer to compensate for the thermal‐shock enhanced random field. This work not only accounts for the underlying mechanism for thermal stability of ΔT at FIE and NER side for the first time in physics but also provides an exotic approach to seek for high‐performance EC materials in practical applications.
Biogeography and global flows of 100 major alien fungal and fungus‐like oomycete pathogens
Authors: Schertler Anna , Lenzner Bernd , Dullinger Stefan , Moser Dietmar , Bufford Jennifer L. , Ghelardini Luisa , Santini Alberto , Capinha César , Monteiro Miguel , Reino Luís , Wingfield Michael J. , Seebens Hanno , Thines Marco , Dawson Wayne , van Kleunen Mark , Kreft Holger , Pergl Jan , Pyšek Petr , Weigelt Patrick , Winter Marten , Essl Franz 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimSpreading infectious diseases associated with introduced pathogens can have devastating effects on native biota and human livelihoods. We analyse the global distribution of 100 major alien fungal and oomycete pathogens with substantial socio‐economic and environmental impacts and examine their taxonomy, ecological characteristics, temporal accumulation trajectories, regional hot‐ and coldspots of taxon richness and taxon flows between continents.LocationGlobal.TaxonAlien/cryptogenic fungi and fungus‐like oomycetes, pathogenic to plants or animals.MethodsTo identify over/underrepresented classes and phyla, we performed Chi2 tests of independence. To describe spatial patterns, we calculated the region‐wise richness and identified hot‐ and coldspots, defined as residuals after correcting taxon richness for region area and sampling effort via a quasi‐Poisson regression. We examined the relationship with environmental and socio‐economic drivers with a multiple linear regression and evaluated a potential island effect. Regional first records were pooled over 20‐year periods, and for global flows the links between the native range to the alien regions were mapped.ResultsPeronosporomycetes (Oomycota) were overrepresented among taxa and regional taxon richness was positively correlated with area and sampling effort. While no island effect was found, likely due to host limitations, hotspots were correlated with human modification of terrestrial land, per capita gross domestic product, temperate and tropical forest biomes, and orobiomes. Regional first records have increased steeply in recent decades. While Europe and Northern America were major recipients, about half of the taxa originate from Asia.Main ConclusionsWe highlight the putative importance of anthropogenic drivers, such as land use providing a conducive environment, contact opportunities and susceptible hosts, as well as economic wealth likely increasing colonisation pressure. While most taxa were associated with socio‐economic impacts, possibly partly due to a bias in research focus, about a third show substantial impacts to both socio‐economy and the environment, underscoring the importance of maintaining a wholescale perspective across natural and managed systems.
Differences in phenotypic variance between old and young congeneric species on a small island
Authors: Péron Guillaume , Vollot Benjamin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimInsular environments theoretically promote within‐species phenotypic variance, in part but not only because insular species enjoy a lower number of trophic interactions than their mainland counterparts. However, environmental factors apparently confound empirical comparisons between insular and mainland systems. To address this issue, we studied sympatric, congeneric species from the same small island, but that stemmed from separate colonization events. We predicted that the time since the species had colonized the island would correlate positively with the within‐species variance in morphometrics.LocationLifu island, New Caledonia, South Pacific.TaxaZosterops inornatus, Z. minutus, Z. lateralis (Passeriformes).MethodsWe measured seven morphological traits and used principal component analysis to compute axes of variation.ResultsThe within‐species variance in bill size and in feet/tail ratio corrected for body size increased with the estimated time since the species had been on the island. A similar but non‐significant trend existed for body size and bill width.Main ConclusionsThe morphometrics of the three species of Zosterops birds from Lifu supported the hypothesis that insular environments promote within‐species phenotypic variance, and cast a new light on the role of competition in the erosion of phenotypic variance.
Eligibility and efficacy of a CPC‐ and CHX‐based antiviral mouthwash for the elimination of SARS‐CoV‐2 from the saliva: A randomized, double‐blind, controlled clinical trial
Authors: Brunello Giulia , Wolf Viktoria , Kerberger Robert , Bernhard Michael , Lübke Nadine , Becker Jürgen , Schwarz‐Herzke Beryl , Timm Jörg , Becker Kathrin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimThis study aimed at investigating the efficacy of a 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride–0.05% chlorhexidine (CPC–CHX) mouthwash in reducing viral load in the saliva as compared with sterile water.Materials and MethodsForty SARS‐CoV‐2 positive patients were asked to dispense 4 mL of saliva. Half the patients rinsed for 60 s with 15 mL CPC–CHX, and the remaining patients rinsed with sterile water (control). Four millilitres of saliva were collected after 15, 30 and 60 min after rinsing. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) specific for SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid protein were performed. For ELISA, the intact (representing the active virus) to total virus load (I/T) was calculated.ResultsSARS‐CoV‐2 copy numbers/mL from RT‐qPCR tended to decrease in the control group, whereas in the CPC–CHX group, an increase was observed after T30. However, mixed linear model analysis revealed no statistical differences between groups (p = .124), time points (p = .616) and vaccinated or non‐vaccinated patients (p = .953). Similarly, no impact of group (p = .880), time points (p = .306) and vaccination (p = .711) was observed for I/T ratio values.ConclusionsWithin the limitation of this study, there was no evidence that the intervention reduced salivary SARS‐CoV‐2 viral load during the course of 60 min. Therefore, commonly used pre‐procedural rinsing might not be clinically relevant.