bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adequacy and sources of total daily water and liquid drinks by low‐income, urban and rural, pregnant and lactating women in the Western Highlands of Guatemala
Authors: Diaz‐Jereda Liza Alejandra , Montenegro‐Bethancourt Gabriela , Vossenaar Marieke , Solomons Noel W. 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundPhysiological indications from urinary osmolality in Guatemala show a mixed picture of hydration adequacy, with professional women and daycare‐attending preschool children having superior hydration status, whereas lactating women had precarious hydration states bordering on – and occasionally extending over into – hypohydration. Dietary intake data on water in schoolchildren has shown evidence of deficits relative to recommended volumes. Data on water intake in pregnant and lactating women are largely unavailable.ObjectivesTo determine and compare and contrast the consumption of total daily water and liquid drinks among low‐income pregnant and lactating women from urban and rural areas of the Western Highlands of Guatemala.MethodsA single previous‐day intake recall was obtained in 234 women [n=116 pregnant and n=118 lactating], of whom 121 were living in Quetzaltenango City and 113 were from 8 hamlets of a nearby, rural municipality. For purpose of comparative evaluation, they were classified into 4 subgroups as: urban pregnant (UP, n=58); rural pregnant (RP, n=58]; urban lactating (UL, n=63]; and rural lactating (RL, n=55]. The Adequate intakes (AI) of the Institute of Medicine of the US (2005) are 3000 mL for TDWA and 2300 mL for LD in pregnancy and, respectively; 3800 mL and 3100 mL for lactation. Water‐orgin data were summed to provide estimates of total daily water acquisition (TDWA), expressed in mL, and then reduced to the 4 components: liquid drinks (LD); water added to dishes (AW); intrinsic water of foods (IW); and metabolic water (MW) for illustration. Median intakes were finally compared and contrasted by subgroups.ResultsThe respective median TDWA [and %AI] were: 2299 mL [77%] (UP); 1964 mL [65%] (RP); 2286 mL [60%] (UL); 2121 mL [56%] (RL); volumes consumed were not significantly different within settings (p=0.922, U; p=0.059, R), but AIs were vastly disparate. The respective median LD were: 1215 mL [53%] (UP); 908 mL [39%] (RP); 1216 mL [39%] (UL); 803 mL [26%] (RL); again, volumes did not differ (p=0.997, U; p=0.127, R) despite disproportionate recommendations. Only 2 women (1%) consumed the AI level for TDWA, and only 16 (7%) consumed adequate volume of LD. Across groups the relative contribution of IW and MW were constant, but AW contributed as little as 2 – 5% of TDWA in the urban groups and as much as 16–18% in the rural groups. Reciprocally, the contribution of LD was less than 43% in rural areas and greater than 52% in the urban zone.ConclusionDeficits with respect to recommended water intakes of up to a liter per day are seen, with lactating women showing the greater shortfall. Concerted public health action is warranted to assure adequate hydration status in these vulnerable periods of the lifespan.
Pumping on Campus: Validity and Reliability of a Theory‐Based Instrument to Assess Breastfeeding Behavior
Authors: Dinour Lauren M , Bai Yeon K 
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this study is to develop and confirm the psychometric properties of a Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)‐based instrument, Pumping on Campus Questionnaire, to determine its validity and reliability. In January 2015, all employees and students of one university campus in New Jersey were invited to complete a 20‐minute online questionnaire measuring breast milk pumping behaviors, psychosocial factors—framed by the TPB—associated with pumping breast milk on campus, and demographic variables. Construct validity was determined via factor analyses of direct theory‐based measures (attitudes, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and intention), and reliability was tested using Cronbach's alpha (α). Two hundred eighteen women completed the questionnaire. The average age of respondents was 33 years (SD=7.5 years), and the majority of respondents were White (53.6%) and married (63.2%). Nearly three‐quarters of the women were students (71.6%), while the rest were employees (14.2% faculty, 14.2% staff). Validity of the Pumping on Campus Questionnaire was confirmed as psychometric properties corresponded to the factors extracted from the scale. Four factors from the direct construct subscales were responsible for 79.49% of total the variability. The instrument also illustrated strong and significant reliabilities at the full scale (α=.78) and theory construct subscales (range from α=.65 to α=.95). Based on these findings, the Pumping on Campus Questionnaire can serve as model TPB‐based instrument to examine factors associated with women's breast milk pumping behaviors. Theory‐based assessments of women's needs can guide breastfeeding promotion efforts and lead to successful outcomes (e.g., exclusive breastfeeding for six months) for all working and student mothers. As such, this instrument can be useful in the design of effective promotion programs to foster breastfeeding and breast milk pumping behaviors in university settings and elsewhere.Support or Funding InformationN/A
Protein intake from dairy food increases bovine beta‐casomorphin 7 in human mature milk
Authors: Alvarado Juan Manuel Flores , Ceja Lorena Oropeza , Ronquillo Dolores , García Olga P , Martinez Guadalupe , Caamaño Maria , Ugalde Carlos Raúl García , Duarte‐Vázquez Miguel A , Rosado Jorge Luis 
Published: November 2023

Bovine beta casomorphin 7 (BCMb‐7) is an opioid peptide that increase the risk to develop cardiovascular disease, type 1 diabetes, sudden infant death syndrome, autism and schizophrenia. It has been found in milk, cheese, yogurt and some biological samples such as infant's blood, urine from autistic children and human milk. The aim of this cross‐sectional study was to investigate whether dairy food intake is associated with the presence of BCMb‐7 in breast milk in Mexican women. Three human milk samples from 78 women from a rural area in Querétaro Mexico were obtained between 3 and 16 weeks postpartum. BCMb‐7 was determined by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (UPLC‐MS). Dairy food intake was evaluated using three 24 hr‐recalls and a food frequency questionnaire. Intake of dairy food evaluated included whole milk, different types of cheese and yogurt. All women consumed any dairy products at least once a day. BCM‐7 concentration in mature human milk was 0.84±1.01 ng/mL. Women had a total protein intake of 68.5 ± 21 g per day. Women with higher protein intake from dairy food (>40g) had significantly higher concentration of bovine BCMb7 (> 0.90 ng/mL) compared with women with lower protein intake from dairy food (<33g) (p = 0.029). For every 10 grams of dairy protein consumed, the probability of increasing the concentration of BCMb‐7 increased 1.18 times (p=0.034). In conclusion, high intake of dairy food increases the concentration of BCMb‐7 in human milk in Mexican women.Support or Funding InformationThis work was funded by Conacyt and FOPER 2015 (UAQ)
Serum lipid profile in nursing mothers according to the type of feeding: Preliminary data
Authors: Velarde Enrique Romero , Vasquez Garibay Edgar M. , Haro Alfredo Larrosa , Mercado Elizabeth Guzmán , Muñoz Esparza Nelly C. , Esparza Patricia Ascencio 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionThe purpose of this report is to show preliminary results on the serum lipid concentration in mothers of infants, according to the type of feeding.MethodsIn a cohort study, with a non‐random sample at a concentration site, 102 women in the immediate postpartum period at the Nuevo Hospital Civil de Guadalajara, who met the inclusion criteria and signed informed consent, were included. At four months follow up a fasting blood sample was obtained. Concentrations of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) were determined with an enzymatic assay. A comparison according to type of feeding (exclusively breast fed (n=41), partially breast fed (n=36), and formula feeding (n=25)) was performed with ANOVA; Post‐Hoc tests and Student's t test for independent samples. The Research and Bioethics Committee of the Hospital authorized the protocol.ResultsMean age 23.5 ± 4.5 years. Concentrations of TG, HDL and VLDL were different between groups (p< 0.05). TG and VLDL concentrations were higher (p= 0.01) and HDL was lower (p= 0.001) among women who fed formula to their children, in comparison with those who exclusively breast‐fed. HDL was lower (p< 0.05) among women who partially breast‐fed to their children, in comparison with those who exclusively breast‐fed (p< 0.05); TG and VLDL concentrations were higher but non significant (p= 0.07 and 0.09 respectively).ConclusionThese preliminary results show significantly differences among lipid profile according to the type of feeding in mothers of four‐month old infants. Exclusively breast feeding practice seems to be associated with a better lipid profile.Support or Funding InformationProject supported by the National Council of Science and Technology of Mexico
Increase in FGF21 Stimulates Browning Markers in White Adipose Tissue in Rats Fed a Low Protein High Carbohydrate Diet During Acute Cold Exposure
Authors: Alemán Gabriela , Vigil‐Martínez Ana , Castro Ana Laura , Flores‐Galicia Isabel , Torre‐Villalvazo Ivan , Díaz‐Villaseñor Andrea , Velázquez‐Villegas Laura Alejandra , Noriega Lilia Guadalupe , López‐Romero Patricia , González‐Hirschfeld Diana Cristina , Ordaz Guillermo , Granados Omar , Torres Nimbe , Tovar Armando Roberto 
Published: November 2023

Induction of white adipose tissue (WAT) browning increases the thermogenic capacity and could have beneficial effects in metabolic diseases. FGF21 is increased by low protein diets, and it is also associated to WAT browning. To understand its effect on markers of WAT browning, we studied the effect of a low or high protein/carbohydrate ratio diet in rats under acute cold exposure.With this aim rats were fed a 6/77 (low), 20/63 (adequate) or 50/33% (high) dietary protein/carbohydrate ratio and were exposed to 4°C for 12 h. We performed indirect calorimetry to determine energy expenditure and evaluated body composition. Then, a sample of liver, WAT, and BAT was obtained to measure by qPCR and Western blot the expression of FGF21 and browning markers, and another sample for histological and immunohistochemical analyses. A blood sample was collected to measure the biochemical variables.Our results showed that VO2 consumption during short cold exposure in rats fed the low protein/high carbohydrate diet was higher than its control group, but there were no changes in body weight or composition. Intake of a low protein/high carbohydrate diet stimulated hepatic FGF21 expression, as well as browning markers such as Ucp1, Prdm16, Cidea, and CD137 in WAT, and decreased WAT adipocyte size. On the contrary, the consumption of a high protein/low carbohydrate diet reduced all WAT browning markers and increased WAT adipocyte size. BAT markers were increased by cold exposure but barely modified by the amount of dietary protein/carbohydrate ratio. These data imply a possible association between energy expenditure, hepatic FGF21 and browning.Our results suggest that the decrease in dietary protein/carbohydrate ratio contribute to promote WAT browning through hepatic FGF21 stimulation.
Dietary Protein Sources Beyond Proteins and Amino Acids ‐ A Comparative Study of the Small Molecular Weight Components of Meat and Fish using Metabolomics
Authors: Ross Alastair , Vincent Andrew , Savolainen Otto I , Sandberg Ann‐Sofie , Undeland Ingrid 
Published: November 2023

ScopeDietary protein sources are commonly only viewed in terms of their nutrient composition, and little attention paid to non‐nutrient molecules present. Several recent studies have found that replacing meat with fish may lead to widespread metabolic effects in humans that may not be related only to differences in protein or fat content. To better understand if other components within meat and fish may be responsible, we used metabolomics to compare the small molecule composition of commonly consumed meat and fish.MethodsFillets of beef, pork, chicken, cod, salmon and herring (fresh and pickled), n=6 per fish or meat type, were minced, mixed and either left raw, or baked to an internal temperature of 65 °C for meat or 55 °C for fish before freezing. The metabolite profile of the samples was measured using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics. Metabolite profiles of fish and meat were compared, as well as the individual fish and meat types using multivariate and univariate statistical methods.ResultsAn average of 128 metabolites were detected in the meat and fish samples. Counter to hypothesis, cooking had no overall effect on the metabolite profile of any of the protein sources measured. The metabolic profiles revealed that terrestrial meats sources and fish could be separated best through the profiles of non‐amino‐acid nitrogen‐containing compounds and lipids, with 18 metabolites significantly different between meat and fish overall. Again, counter to hypothesis, there was a greater variation within meat and fish than between meat and fish, based on averaged eigenvalue differences. Within the fish species measured, salmon differed to cod and herring in sugar profile, with 31 metabolites differing. Within the meat species measured, beef and pork were very similar but the sugar and amino‐acid profiles of chicken were markedly different with 39 metabolites differing between the different meats.ConclusionsThe small molecule composition of meat and fish varied less than expected, and there was wide variation within meat and fish which suggest that it is not sufficient to broadly compare ‘meat’ and ‘fish’ in nutrition studies as the compositional differences vary widely. Compound classes that are commonly neglected when looking at effects of protein, including sugars and non‐amino acid nitrogen containing compounds, warrant more attention.Support or Funding InformationThe authors acknowledge the financial support of the following grants that made this research possible: Västra Götaland Region (RUN 612‐0959‐11, RUN 612‐0618‐15), and the Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Science and Spatial Planning (222‐2011‐1322).
Locating Apolipoprotein A2 Protein in the Central Nervous System
Authors: Azzam Sausan , Gamble Jenniffer , Decker Michael , Li Xiaolin , Hernandez Yeritza , Strohl Kingman P 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesApolipoprotein A2 (Apoa2) gene expression in the brain is deterministic of apnea in the C57BL/6J sleep apnea mouse model, with both alleles needed for brain (but not liver) mRNA expression, and post‐hypoxic pauses (Gillombardo et al. 2016). Functional Apoa2 gene products, well described in the liver, are not reported as present in CNS. The purpose was to determine if Apoa2 protein was in the brain, and to validate two customized Apoa2 antibodies.Methods12–16 week old B6‐WT (+/+) and Apoa2 KO (−/−) mice were sacrificed for the tissue used in this study. Two Apoa2 monoclonal antibodies were customized using two specific epitopes‐THEQLTPLVRC (TH Rabbit mAb) and NLEEKPAPAAK (NL Rabbit mAb). Both antibodies were tested by Western immunoblotting. Liver and brain tissue (hypothalamus, hippocampus, and brainstem) samples were lysed, FASPed, quant, digested, and analyzed by SRM quantitative proteomics as previously described (Azzam et al 2016). Stable‐isotope labeled peptide was synthesized for the Apoa2 target peptide (THEQLTPLVRC). All samples were analyzed by LC/MS using a Waters Nano‐ACQUITY Ultra performance liquid chromatography system and a TSQ Quantum Ultra mass spectrometry system. The abundance of each peptide was calculated on the basis of the peak area intensity, and the peak areas for the target peptide was normalized to the internal standard for accurate quantification of the target peptide. Statistical analysis was performed using one‐way ANOVA.ResultsProteomics data detected no Apoa2 in the KO mouse; however, protein was present in WT brainstem, hypothalamus, and hypothalamus, but in lesser abundance than either WT liver or plasma (P=0.0001). Apoa2 was present in the brain in dimeric and tetramer formations. Further, Western blots from brain, using either customized Apoa2 antibody, showed polymeric bands, but also a band at 33K previously ascribed in plasma samples as representing bonding with Apolipoprotein D.ConclusionsApoa2 protein is present in the B6 mouse CNS, indicating links to lipid‐cholesterol pathways operating not only for breathing and possibly for stress and memory functions as well.Support or Funding InformationSupported by VA Merit Award and the NIH
Metabolic Pathway Analysis of Biochanin A Administration On Obesity‐Induced Metabolic Dysfunction
Authors: Hong MoonJu , Park Hee‐Sook , Kim Soon‐Hee , Jeong Nam‐Joo , Kim Myung‐Sunny 
Published: November 2023

Metabolomics is a powerful technology used in biomarker discovery and assessing the physiological effects in neutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. Modulation of the metabolic responses associated with obesity may help prevent or improve obesity‐induced metabolic dysfunctions. Recently, we reported that biochanin A (BA), dietary bioactive isoflavone that is most commonly found in red clover, peanuts, alfalfa sprouts and soy ameliorates impaired lipid homeostasis in obesity‐induced hepatic steatosis.In this study, capillary electrophoresis‐MS (CE‐MS)‐based metabolic was used to elucidate the physiological function of biochanin A in obesity‐induced insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal chow diet (NC), a high‐fat diet (HFD), and a HFD supplemented with 0.05% BA for 12 weeks. The metabolites analysis of frozen liver tissues homogenized and centrifuged and then subjected metabolomics analysis using CE‐MS. Identified 257 possible metabolites and 110 metabolites were quantified. A Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) scores plot showed that cluster of BA treatment group shift the HFD group toward the NC group. A loading plot was generated to detect the metabolites responsible for the differentiation in the score plots. In the metabolic pathway analysis of significantly altered metabolites, it showed that the changed metabolites were responsible for glutathione metabolism, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, purine metabolism (−log(p) > 4.5 or pathway impact (pathway impact > 0.1) between the NC and HFD group. Among these metabolites, the increased metabolites involved in glutathione metabolism and decreased purine metabolism in obese mice were reversed by BA administration with HFD. BA administration also promoted the recovery of metabolites involved in fatty acid oxidation, synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, triglycerol metabolism, and glucose metabolism in the livers of obese mice. The glutathione and purine metabolism showed positive correlations with insulin resistance and inflammatory makers of serum, such as abnormal blood glucose, insulin levels, homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA‐IR), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)‐1, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)‐1 in diet‐induced obese mice. Taken together, these results showed that BA ameliorates metabolic dysfunction such as insulin resistance and inflammation by regulating glutathione and purine metabolism. Thus, BA may be a potential therapeutic agent for the prevention of obesity‐mediated metabolic dysfunction. Moreover, metabolomics approach of pharmaceuticals can explain the molecular insight in nutritional research.Support or Funding InformationThis study was supported by the grant of Korea Food Research Institute
Abrogation of RAGE signaling using semi‐synthetic glycosaminoglycan ethers (SAGEs) ameliorates inflammation in mice exposed to secondhand tobacco smoke
Authors: Hirschi Kelsey M , Lewis Joshua B , Hall Parker D. , Wright Tanner J , Egbert Kaleb M , Ogden K Connor , Nelson Shawn M , Clark J Christian , Milner Dallin C , Arroyo Juan A. , Reynolds Paul R. 
Published: November 2023

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive lung disease involving chronic airway inflammation and emphysema. Currently COPD is the third leading cause of death in the United States, and exposure to tobacco smoke is the leading risk factor for development of COPD. While primary smokers have the greatest risk, evidence suggests nearly half of the US population is also at risk due to being involuntarily exposed to second hand smoke (SHS). Past studies have shown increased RAGE expression in lungs and other tissues following smoke exposure. In the present study, we used control, RAGE null, and lung‐specific RAGE overexpressing transgenic (TG) mice to study the role of RAGE during short term physiologic responses to SHS. We evaluated inflammatory effects of SHS in these mice with and without the administration of semi‐synthetic glycosaminoglycan ethers (SAGEs), a family of anionic, partially lipophilic sulfated polysaccharide derivatives known to inhibit RAGE signaling. We hypothesize that SAGEs ameliorate the progression of SHS‐induced inflammation by disrupting RAGE signaling. Mice were weaned then fed doxycycline to induce RAGE in TG mice at PN30. Select mice were exposed to SHS from three Kentucky 3R4F research cigarettes via a nose‐only delivery system (Sireq Scientific, Montreal, Canada) five days a week and ip injections of PBS or SAGE (a 30mg/kg body weight) occurred three times per week from PN40‐70 before all mice were sacrificed on PN70. Q‐PCR and immunoblotting revealed elevated RAGE expression in SHS exposed control and TG mice and an anticipated absence of RAGE expression in RAGE null mice regardless of smoke exposure. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was procured from animals in each group and data revealed RAGE‐mediated influence of inflammatory cell diapedesis and BALF protein abundance. A multiplex cytokine array was performed in order to precisely determine the secretion of multiple pro‐inflammatory modulators. Histology of lung sections from each of the groups was unremarkable. As a general theme, inflammation induced by SHS exposure was influenced by the availability of RAGE, as evidenced by RAGE nulls and SAGE treatment of animals in the other groups. These data reveal captivating information suggesting a role for RAGE signaling in lungs exposed to SHS smoke.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by a grant from the Flight Attendant's Medical Research Institute (FAMRI, PRR) and a BYU Mentoring Environment Grant (PRR).