bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foraging patterns of breeding Dolphin GullsLarus scoresbiiat Punta Tombo, Argentina
Authors: SUÁREZ NICOLÁS , YORIO PABLO 
Published: June 2005

The Dolphin GullLarus scoresbiiis a little‐known, rare species endemic to southern South America. Knowledge of its feeding ecology is essential for development of management and conservation strategies. To obtain information on their use of food resources and on the frequency and duration of their foraging trips, we followed seven individuals by radiotelemetry during the breeding season of 2002 at the Punta Tombo Reserve, Argentina. In 99% of mapped locations (n = 4069) the Gulls were within 2.4 km of their colony. Dolphin Gulls foraged mostly at the colonies of three other species, feeding on Magellanic PenguinSpheniscus magellanicusand Imperial CormorantPhalacrocorax atricepsregurgitates and on Southern Sea LionOtaria flavescensfaeces. The sea lion colony was the most frequently visited foraging area, accounting for 64% of the total (n = 260 trips). A similar trend was observed during both the incubation (60%,n = 38 trips) and the chick (64%,n = 40 trips) stages. The mean number of trips per day was 3.8 (range = 3–5), with a mean duration of 123 min (sd = ±27). Trip duration differed between foraging areas, being significantly longer at the sea lion than at the penguin and cormorant colonies. The small foraging range given by its particular feeding strategy suggests that Dolphin Gulls, in contrast to most other seabirds that range over large expanses of ocean in search of food, may be effectively conserved within protected areas during the breeding season.
Migraine Headache and Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Shuaib Ashfaq , Klein Gary , Dear Richard 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISA thirty‐four‐year‐old male, with a ten‐year history of typical common migraine, had, on three occasions, typical migraine headaches which were associated with vomiting. During each of these episodes, atrial fibrillation was documented. Cardiac rhythm was normal between episodes. In this case, we feel that the atrial fibrillation was secondary to an increase in vagal tone resulting from vomiting. We doubt that the migraine itself was responsible for the atrial fibrillation. We propose that the association of migraine and atrial fibrillation be treated by control of vomiting. Where vomiting is hard to control, then atropine given on a prophylactic basis may also be helpful, as atropine is shown to be effective in the prophylaxis of atrial fibrillation when it is secondary to an increase in vagal tone.
A Magnetoencephalographic Study of Patients with Panayiotopoulos Syndrome
Authors: Kanazawa Osamu , Tohyama Jun , Akasaka Noriyuki , Kamimura Takanori 
Published: June 2005

Summary: Purpose:Panayiotopoulos syndrome (PS) is a newly identified type of benign childhood epilepsy characterized by ictal vomiting and eye deviation. It is usually accompanied by occipital spike discharges; however, its classification as an early‐onset benign childhood occipital epilepsy is controversial. To characterize this condition further, we examined the localization of equivalent current dipoles (ECDs) of spike discharges by magnetoencephalography (MEG) in patients with PS.Methods:We studied 13 patients with a mean age at time of examination of 5 years (range, 3–14 years). MEG was measured by using a whole‐head 204‐channel neuromagnetometer with simultaneous EEG recordings. The estimated locations of ECDs of each peak of the spike discharges were overlaid on magnetic resonance images of the brain.Results:Eleven (84.6%) patients showed clustered ECDs in the areas alongside the parietooccipital sulcus (eight of 13; 61.5%) and/or the calcarine sulcus (four of 13; 30.8%). Despite Fp‐O synchronization of the spike discharges in the scalp EEG of five patients, no frontal locations of ECDs were found. All five (38.5%) boys with sylvian seizures, who also showed clustered ECDs in rolandic areas, had an earlier age at onset and higher seizure frequency than did other patients. ECD orientations were regular in all but one patient, who showed irregular and dispersed ECDs alongside bilateral calcarine sulci.Conclusions:Our results demonstrate localized cortical hyperexcitability in the areas alongside major cortical sulci in PS and indicate that PS is closely related to benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes.
Volumetric Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Functionally Relevant Structural Alterations in Chronic Epilepsy after Pilocarpine‐induced Status Epilepticus in Rats
Authors: Niessen Heiko G. , Angenstein Frank , Vielhaber Stefan , Frisch Christian , Kudin Alexei , Elger Christian E. , Heinze Hans‐Jochen , Scheich Henning , Kunz Wolfram S. 
Published: June 2005

Summary:  Purpose: After pilocarpine‐induced epilepsy in rats, volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reveals significant morphologic changes in functionally relevant structures of the brain. To relate structural changes to functional alteration, we studied the correlation of regional brain atrophy (e.g., of the hippocampus) with lesion‐induced learning deficits in the Morris water maze. Methods: MRI experiments were performed on an MR scanner at 4.7 Tesla. For volumetric analysis, various cerebral structures were segmented in horizontal and coronal T2‐weighted MR images. Before the MRI investigations, animals were trained for 10 days in a Morris water maze. Results: Volumetric MRI revealed a significant loss in hippocampal size in both the dorsal and ventral parts, correlated with an increase in ventricular size. Furthermore, significant losses were found in the relative size of thalamus, putamen, cortex, and the combined areas of perirhinal, entorhinal, and piriform cortices adjacent to the hippocampus. A significant correlation of learning performance in the Morris water maze with the relative hippocampal area and not with other areas tested was observed in pilocarpine‐treated animals. Conclusions: The data provide a quantitative analysis of functionally relevant structural alterations in rats with chronic epilepsy. Water maze performance of pilocarpine‐treated animals correlates with the degree of hippocampal but not with the degree of cortical damage, demonstrating the potential of this method for the investigation of cognitive impairments in relation to cerebral changes. In addition, the data point to an important role of even the residual hippocampus in memory formation.
Kynurenate and 7‐Chlorokynurenate Formation in Chronically Epileptic Rats
Authors: Wu Hui‐Qiu , Rassoulpour Arash , Goodman Jeffrey H. , Scharfman Helen E. , Bertram Edward H. , Schwarcz Robert 
Published: June 2005

Summary:  Purpose: The tryptophan metabolite kynurenic acid (KYNA) and its synthetic derivative, 7‐chlorokynurenic acid (7‐Cl‐KYNA), are antagonists of the glycine co‐agonist (“glycineB”) site of the N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA)‐receptor. Both compounds have neuroprotective and anticonvulsive properties but do not readily penetrate the blood–brain barrier. However, KYNA and 7‐Cl‐KYNA can be formed in, and released from, astrocytes after the peripheral administration of their transportable precursors kynurenine and 4‐chlorokynurenine, respectively. The present study was designed to examine these biosynthetic processes, as well as astrogliosis, in animals with spontaneously recurring seizures. Methods: The fate and formation of KYNA and 7‐Cl‐KYNA was studied in vivo (microdialysis) and in vitro (tissue slices) in rats exhibiting chronic seizure activity (pilocarpine model) and in appropriate controls. Neuronal loss and gliosis in these animals were examined immunohistochemically. Results: In vivo microdialysis revealed higher ambient extracellular KYNA levels and enhanced de novo formation of 7‐Cl‐KYNA in the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus in epileptic rats. Complementary studies in tissue slices showed increased neosynthesis of KYNA and 7‐Cl‐KYNA in the same two brain areas. Microscopic analysis revealed pronounced astrocytic reactions in entorhinal cortex and hippocampus in epileptic animals. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that the epileptic brain can synthesize glycineB receptor antagonists in situ. Astrogliosis probably accounts for their enhanced production in chronically epileptic rats. These results bode well for the use of 4‐chlorokynurenine in the treatment of chronic seizure disorders.
A study into the plaque‐inhibitory activity of experimental toothpaste formulations containing antimicrobial agents
Authors: Moran J. , Newcombe R. G. , Wright P. , Haywood J. , Marlow I. , Addy M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBackground/Aims: The use of specific antimicrobial agents in toothpastes may help reduce plaque and gingivitis. There would also appear to be some value in formulating products that contain combinations of such agents that may potentiate any activity present. The aims of this exploratory and pragmatic study were twofold:‐ (1) exploratory: to compare the effects on plaque re‐growth of two zinc citrate/triclosan formulations, one of which contained bromochlorophene and hence demonstrate any additional beneficial effects produced by the addition of the phenol. (2) pragmatic: to assess whether both pastes were significantly better than a benchmark control, proprietary fluoride toothpaste at inhibiting plaque formation.Methods: Following an initial prophylaxis to remove all plaque and calculus, toothpaste slurry rinses were used over a 96 h period by 24 volunteers, while omitting all other oral hygiene procedures. After 24, 48 and 96 h, plaque was measured by plaque area and by plaque index. For comparative purposes, a conventional commercial fluoride toothpaste rinse was also used as a benchmark control in this triple cross‐over double‐blind study.Results: With one exception, comparisons between the three pastes failed to show any significant differences in plaque accumulation at 96 h whether assessed by plaque index or area. At this time period, significantly more plaque was seen with the zinc citrate paste without bromochlorophene, compared with that of the control paste.Conclusions: The findings from this study failed to demonstrate a plaque‐inhibitory action from the two novel formulations beyond that of a conventional benchmark toothpaste, although overall levels of plaque formed by the volunteers, especially on the control paste were generally lower than in previous studies. Nevertheless, it remains to be determined whether the test formulations could exert a direct anti‐inflammatory action against gingivitis by way of the triclosan delivery system. Neither test formulation was subsequently marketed.
Antimicrobial profiles of periodontal pathogens isolated from periodontitis patients in the Netherlands and Spain
Authors: Van Winkelhoff A. J. , Herrera D. , Oteo A. , Sanz M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBackground and Aim: Antimicrobial resistance of periodontal pathogens towards currently used antibiotics in periodontics has been investigated in a previous study. Microbial resistance in the periodontal microflora was more frequently observed in Spanish patients in comparison with Dutch patients. The aim of the present study was to compare antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of five periodontal bacteria isolated from periodontitis patients in Spain and in the Netherlands.Material and Methods: Subgingival plaque samples from adult patients with periodontitis were collected and cultured on selective and non‐selective plates. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Micromonas micros were isolated and used for minimal inhibitory concentration tests using the Epsilometer (E‐test) technique. Eight different antibiotics were tested on all bacterial isolates. MIC50 and MIC90 values for each antibiotic and each species were determined and the percentage of resistant strains was calculated.Results: Significantly higher MIC values were noted in Spanish strains of F. nucleatum for penicillin, ciprofloxacin, of P. intermedia for penicillin, amoxicillin and tetracycline, of M. micros for tetracycline, amoxicillin and azithromycin, and of P. gingivalis for tetracycline and ciprofloxacin. Based on breakpoint concentrations, a higher number of resistant strains in Spain were found in F. nucleatum for penicillin, amoxicillin and metronidazole, in Prevotella intermedia for tetracycline and amoxicillin, and in A. actinomycetemcomitans for amoxicillin and azithromycin. Resistance of P. gingivalis strains was not observed for any of the antibiotics tested both in Spain and the Netherlands.Conclusions: Differences exist in the susceptibility profiles of periodontal pathogens isolated from periodontitis patients in Spain and in the Netherlands. This implicates that antibiotic susceptibility testing is necessary to determine efficacy of antimicrobial agents. Also, clinical studies with antibiotics should take these differences into account. The information from the present study indicates that it may not be possible to develop uniform protocols for usage of antibiotics in the treatment of severe periodontitis in the European Union.
Periodontal wound healing following GTR therapy of dehiscence‐type defects in the monkey: short‐, medium‐ and long‐term healing
Authors: Graziani Filippo , Laurell Lars , Tonetti Maurizio , Gottlow Jan , Berglundh Tord 
Published: June 2005

AbstractObjective: To describe periodontal wound healing in dehiscence‐type defects following guided tissue re‐generation (GTR) therapy.Methods: Ten adult Macaca fascicularis monkeys were used. Buccal dehiscence‐type defects were created at the maxillary second pre‐molars and second molars. After 3 months, GTR surgery was performed. The animals were euthanized at 6 weeks, 6 months and 2 years after surgery. Block biopsies were harvested, and prepared for histological analysis.Results: A new attachment apparatus was structured already after 6 weeks of healing. A 10–20 μm thin layer of acellular extrinsic fibre cementum (AEFC) had formed along the instrumented root surface. At 6 months, the thickness of the supracrestal cementum was comparable with that at 6 weeks, while the thickness of the subcrestal cementum had increased to 40–60 μm. In this zone, the cementum consisted of an inner layer of AEFC attached to the circum–pulpal dentin and an outer layer of cellular mixed fibre cementum (CMFC). The numerical extrinsic fibre density was twice that at 6 weeks. At 2 years, the periodontal tissues resembled the pristine periodontium.Conclusion: Periodontal healing following GTR therapy of recession‐type defects will result in a restitutio ad integrum, i.e. healing by re‐generation. A continuous maturation process occurs over at least 2 years.
Nielsen number and differential equations
Authors: Andres Jan 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn reply to a problem of Jean Leray (application of the Nielsen theory to differential equations), two main approaches are presented. The first is via Poincaré's translation operator, while the second one is based on the Hammerstein-type solution operator. The applicability of various Nielsen theories is discussed with respect to several sorts of differential equations and inclusions. Links with the Sharkovskii-like theorems (a finite number of periodic solutions imply infinitely many subharmonics) are indicated, jointly with some further consequences like the nontrivial "Equation missing"-structure of solutions of initial value problems. Some illustrating examples are supplied and open problems are formulated.
A selective cyclic integrin antagonist blocks the integrin receptors αvβ3 and αvβ5and inhibits retinal pigment epithelium cell attachment, migration and invasion
Authors: Hoffmann Stephan , He Shikun , Jin Manlin , Ehren Marianne , Wiedemann Peter , Ryan Stephen J , Hinton David R 
Published: June 2005

Abstract

Background
Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a leading cause of blindness after failed retinal reattachment surgery. PVR is characterized by the proliferation, migration and contraction of retinal pigmented epithelial cells (RPE), and these cellular responses are influenced by the expression and function of integrin receptors. The effect of a cyclic integrin antagonist containing the amino acid sequence Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe-Val (RGDfV), specific for the integrin receptors αvβ3 and αvβ5, was investigated on basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), and serum induced human RPE proliferation, migration, invasion and attachment to the extracellular matrix. Furthermore, the effects of bFGF and PDGF-BB regulated expression of integrins αvβ3 and αvβ5 on RPE cells was examined.

Methods
The effect of a cyclic integrin antagonist and a control peptide (0.01 μg/ml to 300 μg/ml) was investigated on serum or cytokine (bFGF or PDGF-BB pretreatment) induced human fetal RPE cell proliferation by H3-thymidine uptake. The effect of the cyclic integrin antagonist on RPE cell attachment onto different extracellular matrices (laminin, collagen IV, fibronectin), RPE cell invasion stimulated by PDGF-BB or serum, and migration stimulated by PDGF-BB, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or serum was explored. PDGF-BB and bFGF modulation of the integrin receptors αvβ3 and αvβ5 was evaluated by flow cytometry.

Results
The integrin antagonist did not inhibit DNA synthesis stimulated by serum, bFGF, or PDGF-BB treatment. RPE attachment onto fibronectin was inhibited in a concentration range of 1–10 μg/ml (p < 0.05). Attachment of the RPE cells onto collagen IV and laminin was inhibited in a range of 3–10 μg/ml (p < 0.05). Serum and PDGF-BB stimulated migration was inhibited by the cyclic integrin antagonist in a concentration range of 1–10 μg/ml (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the cyclic integrin antagonist inhibited PDGF-BB stimulated RPE cell invasion through fibronectin (3μg/ml: 66% inhibition, p < 0.001). In each of these experiments, the control peptides had no significant effects. PDGF-BB and bFGF pretreatment of RPE cells increased the expression of integrin receptors αvβ3 (bFGF: 1.9 fold, PDGF-BB: 2.3 fold) and αvβ5 (bFGF: 2.9 fold, PDGF-BB: 1.5 fold).

Conclusion
A selective inhibition of the integrin receptors αvβ3 and αvβ5 through a cyclic integrin antagonist is able to inhibit RPE cell attachment, migration and invasion. Since these steps are of importance for the progression of PVR, a cyclic integrin antagonist should be further evaluated for the treatment of this disease.
Benign gastro-bronchial fistula – an uncommon complication of esophagectomy: case report
Authors: Devbhandari Mohan P , Jain Rohit , Galloway Simon , Krysiak Piotr 
Published: June 2005

Abstract

Background
Gastro-bronchial fistula (GBF) is a rare and devastating complication following esophagectomy. Making the correct diagnosis is difficult and there is no agreement on the treatment for this rare condition.

Case presentation
We report the case of a 56-year-old man who presented with features of repeated aspiration and chest infections six years following an esophagectomy for Barrett's esophagus. Despite extensive investigations the cause of symptoms was difficult to determine. The correct diagnosis of fistula from stomach to right main stem bronchus was made at bronchoscopy under general anesthesia. After ruling out local recurrence of cancer, a successful primary repair was carried out by resection of fistula and direct repair of gastric conduit and bronchus. He is well after 6 months of treatment.

Conclusion
Late development of gastro-bronchial fistula is a rare complication of esophageal resection that may be difficult to diagnose.
Surgical resection and direct closure is the treatment of choice, although the method of treatment should be tailored according to the anatomy of the fistula and the patient's condition.
Development of a Multiple-Locus Variable number of tandem repeat Analysis (MLVA) for Leptospira interrogans and its application to Leptospira interrogans serovar Australis isolates from Far North Queensland, Australia
Authors: Slack Andrew T , Dohnt Michael F , Symonds Meegan L , Smythe Lee D 
Published: June 2005

Abstract

Background
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the genus, Leptospira. Leptospira interrogans is the most common genomospecies implicated in the disease. Epidemiological investigations are needed to distinguish outbreak situations or to trace reservoirs of the organisms. Current methodologies used for typing Leptospira have significant drawbacks. The development of an easy to perform yet high resolution method is needed for this organism.

Methods
In this study we have searched the available genomic sequence of L. interrogans serovar Copenhageni strain Fiocruz L1-130 for the presence of tandem repeats [1]. These repeats were evaluated against reference strains for diversity. Six loci were selected to create a Multiple Locus Variable Number of Tandem Repeats (VNTR) Analysis (MLVA) to explore the genetic diversity within L. interrogans serovar Australis clinical isolates from Far North Queensland.

Results
The 39 reference strains used for the development of the method displayed 39 distinct patterns. Diversity Indexes for the loci varied between 0.80 and 0.93 and the number of repeat units at each locus varied between less than one to 52 repeats. When the MLVA was applied to serovar Australis isolates three large clusters were distinguishable, each comprising various hosts including Rattus species, human and canines.

Conclusion
The MLVA described in this report, was easy to perform, analyse and was reproducible. The loci selected had high diversity allowing discrimination between serovars and also between strains within a serovar. This method provides a starting point on which improvements to the method and comparisons to other techniques can be made.