bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of a carbon‐14 labeled 1‐(indole‐6‐carbonyl‐D‐phenylglycinyl)‐4‐(1‐methylpiperidin‐4‐YL)piperazine‐[carbonyl‐14C], LY517717‐[14C], a factor Xa inhibitor
Authors: Kuo Fengjiun , Clodfelter Dean K. , Priest Tamara R. , Kau Donald L. K. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractHuman Factor Xa is a trypsin‐like serine protease, which serves a critical role in blood coagulation events. LY517717 is currently under clinical investigation as a Factor Xa inhibitor. To support the ADME studies, LY517717 was synthesized usingD‐phenylglycine with a carbon‐14 labeled carboxyl moiety. This key component,D‐phenylglycine‐[carboxyl‐14C], was synthesized by a Strecker synthesis on benzaldehyde with potassium [14C]cyanide, followed by a resolution ofDL‐phenyl‐glycine methyl ester‐[carbonyl‐14C] with (+)‐tartaric acid in the presence of benzaldehyde. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differentiation of metastases from high‐grade gliomas using short echo time 1H spectroscopy
Authors: Opstad Kirstie S. , Murphy Mary M. , Wilkins Peter R. , Bell B. Anthony , Griffiths John R. , Howe Franklyn A. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractPurposeTo determine if short echo time (TE) 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) can distinguish between intracranial metastases and glioblastomas.Materials and MethodsTE 30‐msec spectra were acquired (1.5 T) from voxels entirely within tumors from 23 glioblastoma patients and 24 metastases patients (3 breast carcinomas, 1 bladder carcinoma, 8 lung carcinomas, 3 probable lung carcinomas, 6 melanomas, 1 stomach carcinoma, and 2 undetermined). Spectra were analyzed quantitatively (LCModel) to determine metabolite, lipid, and macromolecule concentrations. All tumors were previously untreated and classified histopathologically.ResultsThe lipid peak area (LPA) ratio (total peak area at ca. δ1.3 to that at ca. δ0.9) was 2.6 ± 0.6 (N = 25) for glioblastomas and 3.8 ± 1.4 (N = 34) for metastases (P < 0.0001). There were no significant differences in metabolite or lipid concentrations between the tumor groups. The LPA ratio provided 80% sensitivity and 80% specificity for discriminating metastases from glioblastomas.ConclusionLipid and macromolecule (LM) signals can dominate 1H spectra of high‐grade tumors and have characteristics that allow significant discrimination of metastases from glioblastomas. Work is now needed to determine the source and biophysical characteristics of these LM signals to further improve differentiation by optimizing the data acquisition and analysis protocol. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;20:187–192. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Myocardial delayed enhancement imaging using inversion recovery single‐shot steady‐state free precession: Initial experience
Authors: Li Wei , Li Belinda S.Y. , Polzin Jason A. , Mai Vu M. , Prasad Pottumarthi V. , Edelman Robert R. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the feasibility of using an inversion recovery single‐shot steady‐state free precession (SS_SSFP) sequence for myocardial delayed enhancement (MDE) imaging, and to compare SS_SSFP with the conventional inversion recovery segmented fast gradient echo (IR_FGRE) technique.Materials and MethodsTen subjects (four volunteers and six patients with suspected or known coronary disease) were included in this study. All subjects were scanned with both IR_FGRE and SS_SSFP sequences 15–25 minutes after gadopentetate dimeglumine injection. Overall image quality, signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNRs), and contrast‐to‐noise ratios (CNRs) between the two techniques were compared.ResultsCompared to IR_FGRE, SS_SSFP exhibited adequate image quality (average scores = 3.8 for IR_FGRE and 3.9 for SS_SSFP) with much shorter acquisition time (14.4 seconds for IR_FGRE and 1.3 seconds for SS_SSFP). SS_SSFP images showed higher SNRs (P < 0.05) and less motion artifact from breathing. Enhanced myocardium was detected by both techniques in three patients, but the image sharpness is compromised in SS_SSFP images.ConclusionSS_SSFP provides adequate image quality compared to IR_FGRE, while requiring a much shorter acquisition time. It is feasible to use SS_SSFP as an alternative method for MDE imaging, especially in patients who have difficulty with holding their breath. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;20:327–330. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Early heterogeneous enhancement of the liver: Magnetic resonance imaging findings and clinical significance
Authors: Kanematsu Masayuki , Danet Maria I. , Leonardou Polytimi , Mastropasqua Maria , Mosetti Maria A. , Braga Larissa , Woosley John T. , Semelka Richard C. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractPurposeTo investigate and assess the radiologic, serological, and histopathologic findings in patients who presented with early heterogeneous enhancement (EHE) on gadolinium‐enhanced early‐phase magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the liver.Materials and MethodsWe searched our radiologic records of MRI of the liver from July 1999 to April 2002 to identify patients with EHE. Three investigators retrospectively evaluated in consensus the MR images in each patient for intensity and characteristic of EHE blinded to clinical information. Serological laboratory values and clinical information were obtained in all patients, and histologic findings were available in 19.ResultsWe identified 67 patients with EHE. Of them, 62 patients (93%) had underlying chronic liver disease. Twenty‐seven patients had viral hepatitis, 13 had alcohol abuse, 6 had primary sclerosing cholangitis, and the others had miscellaneous etiologies. The five patients without chronic liver disease had the following clinical histories: concurrent chemotherapy for extrahepatic malignancy (two patients), concurrent intraabdominal infection (one), and no known associated disease (two). Intensity of EHE was intense in 6 (9%), moderate in 22 (33%), and mild in 39 (58%). Pattern of EHE was geographic in 15 patients (22%), patchy in 37 (55%), and miliary in 15 (22%). All EHE showed rapid fading on postcontrast late‐phase images. EHE showed mild to moderate hyperintensity on T2‐weighted images in 30 patients (45%). In the 19 patients with histological correlation, 19 (100%) had hepatocellular necrosis, 19 (100%) had fibrosis, 18 (95%) had inflammatory cell infiltration, 17 (89%) had capillary‐size vessels within fibrous septa, and 16 (84%) had ductal proliferation. No statistical correlation was found between the intensity or pattern of EHE on MR images and the extent of elevation of serological laboratory values or severity of histologic findings.ConclusionSeveral different types of underlying chronic liver disease were observed in most of the patients with EHE. Hepatocyte necrosis, fibrosis, or inflammatory processes were found in all patients with EHE who had histopathological correlation. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;20:242–249. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impact of diet on stool signal in dark lumen magnetic resonance colonography
Authors: Goehde Susanne C. , Ajaj Waleed , Lauenstein Thomas , Debatin Joerg F. , Ladd Mark E. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractPurposeTo examine the magnetic resonance (MR) properties of different foods and their effect on the colonic stool signal to potentially support fecal tagging strategies for dark lumen MR colonography (MRC).Materials and MethodsT1 relaxation times of 120 different foods (partially diluted with sufficient water) were determined by use of a multi‐flip‐angle two‐dimensional gradient echo (GRE) sequence and correlated to the foods' signal in a three‐dimensional GRE volumetric interpolated breath‐hold examination (VIBE) sequence. Different dilutions of six foods were examined. VIBE stool signal was determined in six volunteers under two different conditions: after a three‐day diet of short T1 food and of long T1 food, respectively.ResultsMost foods exhibit short to very short T1 relaxation times. T1 correlates well with the fat‐saturated VIBE signal except for fatty products. Diluted food exhibits T1 times similar to water; concentrated food strongly varies according to their T1 values. No significant difference in stool signal could be found in the in vivo examination comparing the two diets.ConclusionAccording to our results, a restricted diet strategy to reduce fecal signal for dark lumen MRC is unlikely to be successful. Moreover, the stool signal reduction found in the other fecal tagging studies can be explained at least to a great extent by the relative content of other material with long T1 relaxation times, such as water or oral barium. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;20:272–278. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional MRI using multiple receiver coils: BOLD signal changes and signal‐to‐noise ratio for three‐dimensional‐PRESTO vs. single shot EPI in comparison to a standard quadrature head coil
Authors: Hesselmann Volker , Girnus Ralf , Wedekind Christoph , Hunsche Stefan , Bunke Juergen , Schulte Oliver , Sorger Bettina , Lasek Kathrin , Krug Barbara , Sturm Volker , Lackner Klaus 
Published: July 2004

AbstractPurposeTo compare the performance of single shot echo planar imaging (SSEPI) with three‐dimensional‐multishot echo‐planar imaging (EPI) based on principles‐of‐echo‐shifting‐with‐a‐train‐of‐observations (PRESTO) in combination with a standard quadrature head coil and, as an alternative, a multiple receiver coil in intraoperative functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).Materials and MethodsSix healthy subjects underwent fMRI with visual stimulation using a SSEPI and a PRESTO‐sequence with both coil systems. Statistical evaluation was done with a scanner‐based post‐processing software and SPM 99. The number of activated voxels in the visual cortex, the percent signal change between rest and activation, and finally the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) during time course were measured and compared for both coil systems and both sequences, used in four different combinations.ResultsBlood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal changes were the lowest with PRESTO and standard head coil and the highest for SSEPI and phased array coil. For the latter combination, a significantly higher signal change and larger activation size was observed together with a better SNR. SSEPI yielded similar performance using both coils.ConclusionSSEPI was superior due to its better SNR and a higher BOLD signal change in the defined settings, irrespective of the coil used. In a stereotactical setup the phased array coil can be used to generate fMRI data without loss of image quality. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;20:321–326. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sensitivity of femoral orientation estimates to condylar surface and MR image plane location
Authors: Shibanuma Nao , Sheehan Frances T. , Lipsky Peter E. , Stanhope Steven J. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractPurposeTo define the femoral anatomic region that provides the most reliable reference for measuring femoral orientation, from which patellofemoral and tibiofemoral orientation can be measured.Materials and MethodsAfter a three‐dimensional image‐based osteo‐alignment procedure, two independent estimates of distal femoral orientation, the anterior (AFA) and posterior femoral angles (PFA), were acquired. These sets were comprised of 31 axial femoral orientation estimates each (obtained across a region 10 mm above to 20 mm below the patellar center) from 42 normal axial magnetic resonance (MR) image sets. An analysis of variance was conducted to determine the influence of image plane location, sex, and side on femoral orientation measures.ResultsThe AFA presented greater variability across subjects (average SD = 3.13°) as compared to the PFA (average SD = 1.78°). There were significant differences in the AFA based on image plane location and sex. In contrast, no differences were found between sides, sexes, or image plane locations for the PFA.ConclusionIn total, the posterior femoral condylar surface is more reliable than the anterior condylar surface for measuring femoral orientation and is best measured at least 8 mm below the patellar center. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;20:300–305. Published 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Combined magnetic resonance urography and targeted helical CT in patients with renal colic: A new approach to reduce delivered dose
Authors: Blandino Alfredo , Minutoli Fabio , Scribano Emanuele , Vinci Sergio , Magno Carlo , Pergolizzi Stefano , Settineri Nicola , Pandolfo Ignazio , Gaeta Michele 
Published: July 2004

AbstractPurposeTo determine whether magnetic resonance urography (MRU), obtained before helical computed tomography (CT) in patients with acute renal colic, can help delimit the obstructed area to be subsequently examined by a targeted CT scan, thus reducing the dose of radiation.Materials and MethodsPatients (51) with symptoms of acute renal colic underwent MRU and a total urinary tract helical CT. CT images from the 5 cm below the level of ureteral obstruction as demonstrated by MRU were selected out. Combined interpretation of MRU and selected CT images constituted protocol A. Protocol B consisted of the entire unenhanced helical CT of the urinary tract. The two protocols were compared regarding the following points: 1) sensitivity in diagnosing the presence of obstructing urinary stones, and 2) the delivered radiation dose.ResultsProtocol A and protocol B had, respectively, 98% and 100% sensitivity in demonstrating ureteral stone as a cause of renal colic. Estimated average dose calculated from phantom study was 0.52 mSv for protocol A and 2.83 mSv for protocol B. Therefore, the effective radiation dose was 5.4 times lower in protocol A compared to protocol B.ConclusionCombined MRU and short helical CT has a high sensitivity in detecting ureteral calculi with a reduced radiation dose. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;20:264–271. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Infragenual cuff‐compression reduces venous contamination in contrast‐enhanced MR angiography of the calf
Authors: Bilecen Deniz , Schulte Anja‐Carina , Bongartz Georg , Heidecker Hanns‐Georg , Aschwanden Markus , Jäger Kurt A. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractPurposeTo reduce venous contamination at the calf level in three‐dimensional contrast‐enhanced MR angiography (CE‐MRA) by applying continuous infragenual cuff‐compression.Materials and MethodsTen patients with clinically relevant peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) underwent dynamic three‐dimensional CE‐MRA of the calf. Six consecutive measurements were acquired with the first measurement serving as mask. Cuff‐compression of 50 mmHg was attached below the knee. To allow intra‐individual comparison, compression was applied unilaterally. The cuff was inflated three minutes before scanning and was continued throughout the MRA session. Venous contamination and arterial visualization scores were ranked using a five‐point rating scale. Contrast‐to‐noise ratios (CNRs) of superficial enhancing calf‐veins on the uncompressed and compressed calf sides were evaluated. An asymmetry index (AI) defined by CNR/CNR was introduced to describe the ratio in venous contrast agent supply between both sides quantitatively.ResultsThree‐dimensional CE‐MRA of the calves demonstrated significantly lower superficial venous contamination scores (P < 0.004) and clearly improved arterial visualization (P < 0.009) on the compressed side. Additionally, AI values were larger than 1 (P < 0.02), indicating a higher contrast agent supply in the superficial veins on the uncompressed side.ConclusionInfragenual cuff‐compression minimizes venous overlay in three‐dimensional CE‐MRA at calf level by reduction of contrast agent supply in the superficial veins. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;20:347–351. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Combined quantitative dynamic contrast‐enhanced MR imaging and 1H MR spectroscopic imaging of human prostate cancer
Authors: van Dorsten Ferdinand A. , van der Graaf Marinette , Engelbrecht Marc R.W. , van Leenders Geert J.L.H. , Verhofstad Albert , Rijpkema Mark , de la Rosette Jean J.M.C.H. , Barentsz Jelle O. , Heerschap Arend 
Published: July 2004

AbstractPurposeTo differentiate prostate carcinoma from healthy peripheral zone and central gland using quantitative dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and two‐dimensional 1H MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) combined into one clinical protocol.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐three prostate cancer patients were studied with a combined DCE‐MRI and MRSI protocol. Cancer regions were localized by histopathology of whole mount sections after radical prostatectomy. Pharmacokinetic modeling parameters, Ktrans and kep, as well as the relative levels of the prostate metabolites citrate, choline, and creatine, were determined in cancer, healthy peripheral zone (PZ), and in central gland (CG).ResultsKtrans and kep were higher (P < 0.05) in cancer and in CG than in normal PZ. The (choline + creatine)/citrate ratio was elevated in cancer compared to the PZ and CG (P < 0.05). While a (choline + creatine)/citrate ratio above 0.68 was found to be a reliable indicator of cancer, elevated Ktrans was only a reliable cancer indicator in the diagnosis of individual patients. Ktrans and (choline + creatine)/citrate ratios in cancer were poorly correlated (Pearson r2 = 0.07), and thus microvascular and metabolic abnormalities may have complementary value in cancer diagnosis.ConclusionThe combination of high‐resolution spatio‐vascular information from dynamic MRI and metabolic information from MRSI has excellent potential for improved localization and characterization of prostate cancer in a clinical setting. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;20:279–287. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human and murine lymphocyte neurotrophin expression is confined to B cells
Authors: Edling Andrea E. , Nanavati Tania , Johnson Justin M. , Tuohy Vincent K. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractRecent reports indicate that autoreactive T cells may produce neurotrophic factors capable of mediating repair and regeneration of damaged neurons. By using semiquantitative RT‐PCR, we examined gene expression of nerve growth factor (NGF), brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin‐3 (NT‐3), and the trkB BDNF receptor in autoreactive T cells from SWXJ mice immunized with the p104–117 encephalitogen of myelin proteolipid protein (PLP 104–117). We observed antigen‐inducible expression of NGF and BDNF, but not NT‐3 and trkB, in lymph node cells activated with PLP 104–117. To determine which leukocyte subpopulation expressed neurotrophins, CD4+, CD8+, B220+, CD11b+, and NK1.1+ cells were purified from activated primary cultures, and their mRNAs were analyzed. Neurotrophin expression was also measured in CD3+ T cells purified from mouse CNS during acute onset of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis as well as in resting and activated human T cells and B cells purified from peripheral blood of normal subjects. In all cases, we found that neurotrophin expression was confined exclusively to B cells (B220+) in both mouse and human. CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells as well as NK1.1+ cells and CD11b+ monocytes and macrophages did not express any detectable BDNF, NGF, NT‐3, or trkB under any conditions. Our data indicate that B cells rather than T cells are the predominant if not the only source of leukocyte‐derived neurotrophins and as such may provide “protective autoimmunity” in repair and regeneration of the injured nervous system. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Screening of filamentous fungi for the decolorization of a commercial reactive dye
Authors: dos Santos Alessandra Zacarias , Cândido Neto José Maximiano , Granhen Tavares Célia Regina , Gomes da Costa Sandra Maria 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe aim of this work is to verify the ability of 19 isolates of 13 different fungal species to decolorize the reactive dye blue‐BF‐R. The isolates of Pleurotus pulmonarius, P. ostreatus, P. ëous, P. citrinopileatus, Lentinus edodes, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Schizophyllum commune, Agaricus blazei, Ganoderma sp. and four isolates obtained from textile effluent were evaluated in minimum liquid medium. In addition, seven of them were also evaluated on solid medium, and both media were both added 0.5 g dye/l. All isolates evaluated on solid medium decolorized the dye. The isolates Phanerochaete chrysosporium CCB478 and Lentinus edodes CCB047 were the ones that presented the fastest and slowest growth, respectively. Despite the isolate of the textile effluent had grown on solid medium, it did not decolorize the dye. All the isolates of the genus Pleurotus, except the isolate Pleurotus ëous CCB440, decolorized the dye in liquid medium. They presented decolorization percentage ranging from 39% to 51%. The absorbance ratio (Abs590/Abs455) of the culture medium inoculated with these isolates decreased throughout the experiment indicating the fungal dye degradation. The others presented decolorization percent below 8%. The isolates of Pleurotus, except the isolate Pleurotus ëous CCB440, were able to decolorize and to degrade the commercial reactive dye blue‐BF‐R. The results indicate their potential to be used in the treatment of effluents containing this dye. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A new microimmunofluorescence test for the detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae specific antibodies
Authors: Fernández F. , Gutiérrez J. , Mendoza J. , Linares J. , Soto M. J. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractTo evaluate a microimmunofluorescence (MIF) test (Chlamydia pneumoniae IgG, Vircell, Spain) that detects IgG against Chlamydophila pneumoniae (Cp), MRL Diagnostics MIF was used as reference test. Cross‐reactivity against Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) and Chlamydophila psittaci (Cps) was investigated. Eighty sera were analysed from 22 subjects with vascular disease, 38 with multiple sclerosis and 20 healthy individuals. Vircell and MRL MIF tests assessed 58.75% and 60% of the samples as positive, respectively, and their results coincided (positive/negative) in 98.75% of samples. One major (>1 IgG titre) and 32 minor (1 titre) discrepancies were observed. Correlation between tests was significant. Vircell MIF test demonstrated 97.9% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Differences in simultaneous reactivity to Ct and Cps between the tests were not significant. Vircell MIF test showed a good performance to detect the IgG against Cp. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Biosynthesis of proteases by Rhizopus oligosporus IHS13 in low‐cost medium by solid‐state fermentation
Authors: Haq Ikramul , Mukhtar Hamid 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe present study describes the biosynthesis of proteases by a locally isolated mould culture of Rhizopus oligosporus IHS13 in a low‐cost medium by solid‐state fermentation technique. The fermentation was carried out in a low‐cost medium such as sunflower meal, wheat bran and rice bran. Sunflower meal and wheat bran in a ratio of 1:1 and moistened with distilled water was found to be the best substrate for protease synthesis. All the three substrates are very cheap agricultural by‐products found in Pakistan. The production of proteases in sunflower meal and rice bran was also investigated but the results were unsatisfactory. Different cultural conditions such as rate of fermentation, effect of incubation temperature, effect of pH and depth of the fermentation medium were also optimized. The maximum enzyme synthesis was found after 72 h of fermentation at a temperature of 30 °C. The optimum pH and depth of the medium for protease synthesis were found to be 5.0 and 20 mm respectively. The maximum enzyme biosynthesis found during the course of present studies was 7.0 U ml–1. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)