bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jürgen Habermas's Theory of Cosmopolitanism
Authors: Fine Robert , Smith Will 
Published: November 2003

AbstractIn this paper we explore the sustained and multifaceted attempt of Jürgen Habermas to reconstruct Kant's theory of cosmopolitan right for our own times. In a series of articles written in the post‐1989 period, Habermas has argued that the challenge posed both by the catastrophes of the twentieth century, and by social forces of globalization, has given new impetus to the idea of cosmopolitan justice that Kant first expressed. He recognizes that today we cannot simply repeat Kant's eighteenth‐century vision: that if we are to grapple with the complexities of present‐day problems, it is necessary to iron out certain inconsistencies in Kant's thinking, radicalize it where its break from the old order of nation‐states is incomplete, socialize it so as to draw out the connections between perpetual peace and social justice, and modernize it so as to comprehend the “differences both in global situation and conceptual framework that now separate us from him.”1 His basic intuition, however, is that Kant's idea of cosmopolitan right is as relevant to our times as it was to Kant's own. If it was Kant's achievement to formulate the idea of cosmopolitanism in a modern philosophical form, Habermas takes up the challenge posed by Karl‐Otto Apel: to “think with Kant against Kant” in reconstructing this idea. What follows is a critical assessment of Habermas's response to this challenge. We focus here on the dilemmas he faces in grounding his normative commitment to cosmopolitan politics and in reconciling his cosmopolitanism with the national framework in which he developed his ideas of constitutional patriotism and deliberative democracy.
Successful treatment of urgent bleeding in von Willebrand disease with factor VIII/VWF concentrate (Humate‐P®): use of the ristocetin cofactor assay (VWF:RCo) to measure potency and to guide therapy
Authors: Gill J. Cox , Ewenstein B. M. , Thompson A. R. , Mueller‐Velten G. , Schwartz B. A. ,   for the Humate‐P Study Group
Published: November 2003

Summary.  This prospective, open‐label, non‐randomized study evaluated the safety and efficacy of factor VIII (FVIII)/von Willebrand Factor (VWF) concentrate (Humate‐P®) using treatment regimens based on VWF:ristocetin cofactor (VWF:RCo) activity in patients with von Willebrand Disease (VWD) in (i) urgent bleeding episodes, or (ii) in patients undergoing urgent and necessary surgery. This article summarizes the results of treatment for the 33 patients with 53 urgent bleeding events. The median loading dose of FVIII/VWF concentrate was 67.0 international units per kilogram (IU kg−1) VWF:RCo (range 25.7–143.2 IU kg−1), and the median daily maintenance dose per infusion was 74.0 IU kg−1 (range 16.4–182.9 IU kg−1) for a median duration of 2 days (range 1–34 days). The overall efficacy (achievement of haemostasis) of FVIII/VWF concentrate was rated as excellent/good for 98% of the urgent bleeding events. No unexpected treatment‐related adverse events or serious drug‐related adverse events (AEs) were observed. This study supports the safety and efficacy of Humate‐P® administered in doses calculated in VWF:RCo units for the treatment of urgent bleeding episodes in patients with VWD.
Iliopsoas haemorrhage in patients with bleeding disorders – experience from one centre
Authors: Ashrani A. A. , Osip J. , Christie B. , Key N. S. 
Published: November 2003

Summary.  Iliopsoas haemorrhage in patients with bleeding disorders is a potentially life‐threatening condition, with significantly associated morbidity. Despite its clinical importance, little has been published on the frequency, complications or outcomes of this entity since the advent of modern therapies for haemophilia. In a retrospective review of 297 patients with bleeding disorders followed at our centre, we identified 46 episodes of iliopsoas haemorrhage in 31 patients. Patients presented primarily with thigh, hip and/or groin pain, and frequently had flexion hip contracture, femoral nerve paresthesia, and >2 g dL−1 haemoglobin drop. The duration of symptoms prior to seeking medical attention was 3.8 ± 4 days. Nineteen of 155 patients (12.3%) with haemophilia A had 28 episodes of iliopsoas bleed; 52.6% of these patients had severe haemophilia. Of these 19 patients with haemophilia A who had iliopsoas haemorrhage, seven (36.8%) had an inhibitor to factor VIII (FVIII), and accounted for one‐half of the bleeding episodes. Nine of 66 patients (13.6%) with haemophilia B had 15 episodes of iliopsoas haemorrhage; 22.2% of these patients had severe haemophilia, including one patient with an inhibitor to FIX who had two iliopsoas bleeds. The mean duration of therapy was 18.7 ± 11.9 days, and the duration of hospitalization was 12.3 ± 9.1 days. The length of hospital stay was significantly longer in patients with inhibitors, when compared with patients without inhibitors (19.1 ± 5.8 days vs. 7.6 ± 7.8 days; P < 0.0001) with higher factor consumption, although the total duration of therapy was not significantly different. Patients with inhibitors were over‐represented in the cohort of haemophiliacs with iliopsoas bleed. Patients with inhibitors who had iliopsoas bleeds remained hospitalized longer, although the duration of therapy was the same as patients with no inhibitors. There was a low frequency of recurrent bleed (2.8%).
Residual goitre in the postiodization phase: iodine status, thiocyanate exposure and autoimmunity
Authors: Marwaha R. K. , Tandon Nikhil , Gupta Nandita , Karak A. K. , Verma K. , Kochupillai N. 
Published: November 2003

Summaryobjective  This study was done to assess goitre prevalence, thyroid functional status and cause of residual goitre among school children in the postsalt iodization phase in India.design  A cross‐sectional study in which, 14 762 school children in the age group of 6–18 years, from different States and Union territories of India, were evaluated for goitre prevalence, urinary iodine and thiocyanate excretion, functional status of the thyroid as well as serological and cytopathological markers for thyroid autoimmunity.measurements  Urinary iodine (wet ashing method), urinary thiocyanate (colourimetric method), serum thyroxine [in‐house radioimmunoassay (RIA)], serum TSH (IRMA), antithyroid microsomal and antithyroglobulin antibodies (haemagglutination method) were estimated. Fine‐needle aspiration cytology was performed in all goitrous subjects giving consent.results  The overall goitre prevalence was 23% (27·1% girls; 17·8% boys, P < 0·001). Subjects belonging to poor socio‐economic strata had significantly higher goitre prevalence. Median urinary iodine excretion (UIE) in goitrous subjects (2·53 µmol/l) was significantly higher than in controls (2·24 µmol/l; P < 0·001). Levels of UIE observed among goitrous subjects showed no relationship with the presence or absence of thyroid dysfunction or with thyroid antibody status. High titres (≥ 1 : 1600) of TMA were present more often in goitrous subjects (6·08%) than nongoitrous controls (0·34%; P < 0·001) and in girls (7·3%) than boys (2·35%; P < 0·001). TMA positivity were significantly more among goitrous subjects with thyroid dysfunction than in euthyroid subjects. Significantly higher median urinary thiocyanate (USCN) excretion was observed in goitrous subjects (0·75 mg/dl) compared to controls (0·64 mg/dl; P < 0·001) and goitrous girls compared to goitrous boys. USCN excretion of goitrous subjects and controls showed no relationship with functional or thyroid antibody status in various groups.conclusions  Persistent, albeit reduced prevalence of goitre, despite adequate iodine prophylaxis, suggests existence of additional factors in goitrogenesis in India. Thyroid autoimmunity can explain only a part of the goitre prevalence. The role of goitrogens in residual goitre prevalence is brought forth.
Fibrous bodies are associated with lower GH production and decreased expression of E‐cadherin in GH‐producing pituitary adenomas
Authors: Nishioka Hiroshi , Haraoka Jo , Akada Kiyohiro 
Published: November 2003

Summaryobjective  A retrospective study was conducted in order to elucidate the clinicopathological significance of fibrous bodies, a hallmark of the sparsely granulated variant of GH‐producing pituitary adenomas.methods  A total of 37 acromegalic patients, 14 men and 23 women, with pure GH adenomas were studied. Immunohistochemistry was performed with antibodies specific for cytokeratin 8 and 18 (CAM5·2), GH, prolactin and E‐cadherin. The tumour volume was estimated with high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging.results  The percentages of adenoma cells with dot‐like immunoreactivity for CAM5·2, fibrous bodies, were variable, ranging continuously from 0 to 100%. An increased percentage was associated with a lower basal GH level per unit tumour volume, a lower GH response to a bromocriptine suppression test, decreased immunoreactivities for GH and prolactin, and a decreased expression of E‐cadherin immunoreactivity.conclusion  GH adenomas could not be distinctly separated into those with or without fibrous bodies. Decreased expression of E‐cadherin may be involved in formation of fibrous bodies and result in lower GH production.
Comparison of dietary fat and fatty acid intake estimated by the duplicate diet collection technique and estimated dietary records
Authors: Brady L. M. , Lesauvage S. V. M. , Saini N. , Williams C. M. , Lovegrove J. A. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractIntroduction  A high saturated fatty acid intake is a well recognized risk factor for coronary heart disease development. More recently a high intake of n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in combination with a low intake of the long chain n‐3 PUFA, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid has also been implicated as an important risk factor.Aim  To compare total dietary fat and fatty acid intake measured by chemical analysis of duplicate diets with nutritional database analysis of estimated dietary records, collected over the same 3‐day study period.Methods  Total fat was analysed using soxhlet extraction and subsequently the individual fatty acid content of the diet was determined by gas chromatography. Estimated dietary records were analysed using a nutrient database which was supplemented with a selection of dishes commonly consumed by study participants.Results  Bland & Altman statistical analysis demonstrated a lack of agreement between the two dietary assessment techniques for determining dietary fat and fatty acid intake.Conclusion  The lack of agreement observed between dietary evaluation techniques may be attributed to inadequacies in either or both assessment techniques. This study highlights the difficulties that may be encountered when attempting to accurately evaluate dietary fat intake among the population.
Influence of Yohimbine and Atipamezole on Haemodynamics and ECG after Lumbosacral Subarachnoid Administration of Medetomidine in Goats
Authors: Kinjavdekar P. , Amarpal G. R. S. , Pawde A. M. , Aithal H. P. , Gupta O. P. 
Published: November 2003

SummaryEffects of intravenous yohimbine and atipamezole on haemodynamics and electrocardiogram (ECG) were studied after lumbosacral subarachnoid administration of medetomidine in eight goats. All goats received lumbosacral subarachnoid medetomidine at a dosage of 0.01 mg/kg followed by yohimbine (0.25 mg/kg) or atipamezole (0.005 mg/kg) intravenously 45 min after administration of medetomidine, in a randomized crossover design, in right lateral recumbency keeping a gap of 1 week between each trial. Heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, mean arterial pressure (MAP), mean central venous pressure (MCVP) and ECG were determined. Goats were observed for sedation and urination. All goats showed sedation and depression after medetomidine administration became alert within 2–5 min after reversal. Bradycardia and bradypnoea were the consistent findings after medetomidine injection. Tachycardia and tachypnoea were recorded within 2–5 min after reversal in both groups. A decrease in MAP and an increase in MCVP were seen after medetomidine administration in both groups. Effects of yohimbine and atipamezole on the reversal of MAP and MCVP were more or less the same and statistically non‐significant (P > 0.05) in all animals. The ECG changes were non‐significant (P > 0.05) in both groups. It is concluded that in the given dose rates both yohimbine (0.25 mg/kg) and atipamezole (0.005 mg/kg) produced equal reversal of the sedation, CNS depression, cardiopulmonary and ECG changes induced by subarachnoid administration of medetomidine in goats indicating that most of the actions of medetomidine were mediated via activation ofα2‐adrenergic receptors.
Revalidation of description of constipation in terms of recall bias and visual scale analog questionnaire
Authors: PAMUK ÖMER NURİ , PAMUK GÜLSÜM EMEL , ÇELİK AYKUT FERHAT 
Published: November 2003

AbstractBackground and Aim:  The present study was designed to identify a cut‐off value to define subjective and relatively objective criteria of constipation using the visual scale analog questionnaire (VSAQ) in healthy subjects. In addition, the importance of recall bias when evaluating constipation was investigated by repeating the questionnaire and ensuring the subjects maintained diaries.Methods:  Seven hundred and sixty healthy hospital personnel were questioned by means of a standard questionnaire. Subjects were initially asked if they were constipated (self‐reported) and their daily defecation frequencies. Severity of the parameters of constipation, the consistency of defecation in the form of hard stools, straining and incomplete evacuation were also investigated using a VSAQ (0–10). Subjects were asked to complete a standard form about their daily bowel habits in the subsequent 7 days (diary). At the end of this series, the questionnaire forms completed at the beginning were readministered. Using the criteria of functional constipation, the prevalence of self‐reported, symptom‐based (≥2 criteria) and diary‐based (≥2 criteria in the diary) were defined.Results:  Of the subjects, 48.5% (369/760) completed diaries regarding their bowel habits and completed the questionnaire for the second time (198 female, 171 male; mean age 31.6 ± 7.1 years). According to only interrogation, 29.8% of subjects reported that they were constipated; however, this number increased to 39.6% when symptom‐based constipation (≥2 criteria) was considered. Significant agreement was observed between the results of self‐reported constipation in form I and II, and symptom‐based and diary‐based constipation (concordance = 77.7–98.6%, k = 0.47–0.97). Furthermore, 98.1% of the subjects who reported that they were not constipated scored 3 on the VSAQ; conversely, 91.8% who accepted being constipated scored >3 for the same question. A total of 76.1% subjects who had symptom‐based constipation scored 3 on the VSAQ, 97.3% of those who had <2 criteria scored 3. When asked ‘Are you constipated?’ 1.2% of subjects with none of the criteria for diary‐based constipation, and 10.7% of subjects who had one criteria scored >3 on the VSAQ. Also, 91.8% of those with three criteria and 100% of those with four criteria had a score >3 on the VSAQ for the same question.Conclusions:  The prevalence of constipation in the questionnaire form based on self‐reported, symptom‐based and diary‐based criteria were highly compatible with the result obtained on readministration. Recall bias was negligibly low. Also, the present results suggest that the diagnosis of constipation is more accurate when >2 criteria are present. In addition, the VSAQ seems to be sensitive enough to differentiate subjects with constipation from those without, when a score of 3 has been chosen as the cut‐off value for discrimination. However, this sensitivity was less in the group who stated they were constipated.
Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in young adult Malaysians: A survey among medical students
Authors: TAN YAN‐MEI , GOH KHEAN L , MUHIDAYAH RAJA , OOI CHEE L , SALEM OMAR 
Published: November 2003

AbstractBackground and Aims:  Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional bowel disease in the West. Information on the prevalence of IBS in the Asian population is relatively scanty. The aims of the present study were to determine the prevalence of IBS and to assess the symptom subgroups based on the predominant bowel habit in a young adult population of Asian origin.Methods:  Basic demographic data and symptoms of IBS using the Rome I criteria were sought using a questionnaire administered to all apparently healthy students in a medical school. Other questions asked related to alcohol intake, smoking, chili consumption, dietary fiber intake, and to psychological and psychosomatic symptoms of anxiety, depression, insomnia, headache, and backache. The health‐care seeking behavior of the subjects was also analyzed.Results:  Of the 610 questionnaires administered, 533 complete responses were received (response rate of 87.4%). The responders comprised 229 men (43.0%) and 304 (57.0%) women with a mean age of 22 ± 1.8 years. The ethnic distribution was Malays 278 (52.2%), Chinese 179 (33.6%), Indians 46 (8.6%), and others 30 (5.6%). Eighty‐four (15.8%) reported symptoms consistent with the diagnosis of IBS, predominantly women. Sixty‐five (77.4%) and six (7.1%) were of the constipation‐predominant and diarrhea‐predominant IBS subgroups, respectively. Thirteen (15.5%) subjects fell into the non‐specific IBS subgroup. The self‐reported psychological and psychosomatic symptoms of anxiety (P = 0.02), depression (P = 0.002), insomnia (P = 0.006), headache (P = 0.04), and backache (P = 0.006) were encountered more frequently in the subjects with IBS. Only 13.1% of the IBS group had consulted their health‐care practitioner, and 20.2% reported self‐medication.Conclusions:  Symptoms supportive of the diagnosis of IBS were common among young Malaysians, with a prevalence rate of 15.8%. There were significantly more women with IBS than men. Within the IBS population, the majority (77.4%) was of the constipation‐predominant IBS subgroup. A significantly higher prevalence of psychological and psychosomatic symptoms was found in individuals with IBS. Only a minority sought medical advice for their symptoms.
Fighting over the Forests: Environmental Conflict and Decision‐making Capacity in Forest Planning Processes
Authors: Hillier Jean 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThis paper tells a story of environmental conflict and the attempted political resolution of issues of planning for native forests in Western Australia. It refers to the Western Australian Regional Forest Agreement and Draft Forest Management Plan processes to demonstrate how a range of actors utilise vari‐ous discourses and network relations in attempts to influence governmental decision‐making capacity. Adapting elements of a model of capacity‐building for environmental decision‐making, the paper indicates how traditional exclusionary decision networks serve to inhibit decision capacity, whilst more inclusive processes may be more likely to cope with challenges of reconciling multiple values and decision‐making for managing the forests in the interests of society as a whole.
Issues and Opportunities in Planning and Managing Nature‐based Tourism in the Central Coast Region of Western Australia
Authors: Priskin Julianna 
Published: November 2003

AbstractResearch reported here identified planning and management issues relating to integrated development of nature‐based tourism in the Central Coast Region of Western Australia. Stakeholder views were gauged through a workshop involving 45 people and a series of interviews. The workshop was also designed to stimulate interest in the establishment of a regionally, integrated tourism group to address any issues identified. Participants included members of the tourism industry, the community, and representatives of government and non‐government organisations. Seven individuals participated in interviews, including the chief executive officers of the local authorities and regional development commissions.The results indicate that the regional tourism industry is fragmented and uncoordinated, which is hindering regional development. Implementation of regional tourism planning is virtually non‐existent in the Central Coast, due to the lack of a regional tourism policy. Management of tourism resources is restricted by limited coordination between industry and government, and especially by inadequate resource provision to local authorities and land management agencies.An outcome of the workshop was the formation of a regionally integrated tourism group, the Turquoise Coast Sustainable Development Steering Committee, to implement recommendations arising from the workshop. However, the group has met with limited successes to date, owing to a range of political and sectoral issues beyond the scope of tourism planning. The research highlights difficulties in implementing collaborative tourism planning initiatives at the regional scale.
The Impact of Personal Characteristics of People with Intellectual and Developmental Disability on Self‐determination and Autonomous Functioning
Authors: Wehmeyer Michael L. , Garner Nancy W. 
Published: November 2003

Background  Many people assume that the presence of an intellectual disability precludes a person from becoming self‐determined. Recent research, however, has suggested that the environments in which people live, learn, work or play may play a more important role in promoting self‐determination then do personal characteristics of the person, including level of intelligence.Methods  This study examined the self‐determination and autonomous functioning of 301 adults with intellectual disability or a developmental disability without concomitant intellectual impairments (e.g. persons with cerebral palsy, epilepsy and spina bifida) as a function of personal characteristics of individuals.Results  Intellectual capacity was not a significant contributor to either self‐determination or autonomous functioning for this group. Opportunities to make choices, however, contributed significantly and positively to greater self‐determination and autonomy. Intelligence scores did, however, predict whether the person worked or lived in more or less restrictive settings, though for the latter, both self‐determination and autonomous functioning also contributed significantly.Conclusions  These findings are discussed with regard to the role of personal characteristics, particularly intelligence level, in promoting self‐determination and more positive adult outcomes.