bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Professional development in inquiry‐based science for elementary teachers of diverse student groups
Authors: Lee Okhee , Hart Juliet E. , Cuevas Peggy , Enders Craig 
Published: November 2004

AbstractAs part of a larger project aimed at promoting science and literacy for culturally and linguistically diverse elementary students, this study has two objectives: (a) to describe teachers' initial beliefs and practices about inquiry‐based science and (b) to examine the impact of the professional development intervention (primarily through instructional units and teacher workshops) on teachers' beliefs and practices related to inquiry‐based science. The research involved 53 third‐ and fourth‐grade teachers at six elementary schools in a large urban school district. At the end of the school year, teachers reported enhanced knowledge of science content and stronger beliefs about the importance of science instruction with diverse student groups, although their actual practices did not change significantly. Based on the results of this first year of implementation as part of a 3‐year longitudinal design, implications for professional development and further research are discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 41: 1021–1043, 2004
Science literacy and academic identity formulation
Authors: Reveles John M. , Cordova Ralph , Kelly Gregory J. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to report findings from an ethnographic study that focused on the co‐development of science literacy and academic identity formulation within a third‐grade classroom. Our theoretical framework draws from sociocultural theory and studies of scientific literacy. Through analysis of classroom discourse, we identified opportunities afforded students to learn specific scientific knowledge and practices during a series of science investigations. The results of this study suggest that the collective practice of the scientific conversations and activities that took place within this classroom enabled students to engage in the construction of communal science knowledge through multiple textual forms. By examining the ways in which students contributed to the construction of scientific understanding, and then by examining their performances within and across events, we present evidence of the co‐development of students' academic identities and scientific literacy. Students' communication and participation in science during the investigations enabled them to learn the structure of the discipline by identifying and engaging in scientific activities. The intersection of academic identities with the development of scientific literacy provides a basis for considering specific ways to achieve scientific literacy for all students. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 41: 1111–1144, 2004
Cell biology, chemogenomics and chemoproteomics
Authors: Gagna Claude E. , Winokur Dena , Lambert W. Clark 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe scientific techniques used in molecular biological research and drug discovery have changed dramatically over the past 10 years due to the influence of genomics, proteomics and bioinformatics. Furthermore, genomics and functional genomics are now merging into a new scientific approach called chemogenomics.Advancements in the study of molecular cell biology are dependent upon “omics” researchers realizing the importance of and using the experimental tools currently available to cell biologists. For example, novel microscopic techniques utilizing advanced computer imaging allow for the examination of live specimens in a fourth dimension, viz., time.Yet, molecular biologists have not taken full advantage of these and other traditional and novel cell biology techniques for the further advancement of genomic and proteomic‐oriented research. The application of traditional and novel cellular biological techniques will enhance the science of genomics. The authors hypothesize that a stronger interdisciplinary approach must be taken between cell biology (and its closely related fields) and genomics, proteomics and bio‐chemoinformatics.Since there is a lot of confusion regarding many of the “omics” definitions, this article also clarifies some of the basic terminology used in genomics, and related fields. It also reviews the current status and future potential of chemogenomics and its relationship to cell biology. The authors also discuss and expand upon the differences between chemogenomics and the relatively new term—chemoproteomics. We conclude that the advances in cell biology methods and approaches and their adoption by “omics” researchers will allow scientists to maximize our knowledge about life.
Women's Interpretation of their Coronary Heart Disease Symptoms
Authors: Lockyer Lesley 
Published: November 2004

Background: Men and women are known to delay in seeking medical attention when experiencing acute cardiac symptoms. However, women are more likely to have had chronic undifferentiated symptoms prior to an acute episode and then when experiencing an acute episode delay longer than do men. Studies have shown once women do present they tend to be further along the disease trajectory than men. Aims: The aim of this study was to explore women's own interpretation of the presenting symptoms they experienced. Methods: Twenty-nine women consented to take part in semi-structured interviews that focussed on their experience of coronary heart disease (CHD). The women's narrative around the initial disruption of their illness was analysed focusing on routine and reconstructed forms of narration. Results: The results showed that many failed to recognise and act on their symptoms. Most only sought medical attention after family or friends intervened. None of the women had seen themselves at risk of developing coronary heart disease despite many have a strong family history. Conclusion: The women's early symptoms of coronary heart disease were often undifferentiated and difficult to interpret by the women themselves. There is a need for further research to understand and recognise early symptoms of coronary heart disease in women. This will allow women and health professionals to assess risk and identify women with coronary heart disease early on in their disease trajectory so therapy to prevent the morbidity associated with coronary heart disease and acute life threatening episodes will be reduced.
Restrictive filling pattern is associated with increased humoral activation and impaired exercise capacity in dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Patrianakos Alexander P. , Parthenakis Frangiskos I. , Papadimitriou Evangelos A. , Diakakis George F. , Tzerakis Panagiotis G. , Nikitovic Dragana , Vardas Panos E. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractObjectives:Although heart failure (HF) is characterized by increased proinflammatory cytokines, natriuretic peptide levels and impaired exercise capacity, the effect of concomitant diastolic dysfunction on those parameters has not been adequately studied.Methods:We analyzed circulating levels of IL‐1, IL‐6, TNF‐α and its soluble receptors, sTNFRI and sTNFRII, Nt‐ANP and Nt‐BNP natriuretic peptides in 81 patients, aged 56±12 years, with non‐ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NIDC), LVEF 29.7±7.75% and functional NYHA class II‐III. An echocardiographic study and cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPE) were performed in all patients.Results:Patients were divided into restrictive (24 patients, group I) and non‐restrictive (57 patients, group II) groups, according to their transmitral‐filling pattern. No differences in LV dimensions or LVEF were found between the two groups. Group I showed increased levels of IL‐6 (P=0.006), TNF‐α (P=0.05), sTNFRII (P=0.02), Nt‐ANP (P<0.001) and Nt‐BNP (P<0.001) and decreased exercise duration (P<0.001) and PVO2 (P<0.001) compared to group II. The strongest independent predictors for restrictive filling pattern were Nt‐ANP and IL‐6 levels, while Nt‐BNP levels were the strongest PVO2 predictor.Conclusions:Restrictive filling pattern implying greater diastolic dysfunction may contribute to increased cytokine production in the heart failure syndrome, as well as greater increases in natriuretic peptides and decreased exercise tolerance.
The diagnosis of heart failure in primary care: value of symptoms and signs
Authors: Fonseca Cândida , Morais Humberto , Mota Teresa , Matias Fernando , Costa Catarina , Gouveia‐Oliveira António , Ceia Fátima ,   on behalf of the EPICA Investigators
Published: November 2004

AbstractBackgroundThe value of symptoms and signs in the diagnosis of CHF has rarely been tested in large numbers of patients in the community. The aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of symptoms, signs, and past medical history in the diagnosis of CHF in primary care.MethodsData on a sample of Portuguese men and women attending 365 primary care centres for any condition other than the treatment of acute infection, metabolic conditions or pregnancy were collected. All subjects who scored three or more points in the sum of categories one and two of the Boston questionnaire (history and physical examination) and those being treated for heart failure with loop or thiazide diuretics were considered to have possible heart failure and referred for further assessment including a resting echocardiogram. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and likelihood ratio (LR) for the diagnosis of heart failure were calculated.ResultsA total of 5434 subjects were identified, of whom 1058 fulfilled the criteria for further assessment; 551 subjects had cardiac dysfunction at rest, of which 35.5% were in NYHA class I and 4.9% in class IV. Prior use of digoxin (LR 24.9) and/or diuretics (LR 10.6), a history of coronary artery disease (LR 7.1) or of pulmonary oedema (LR 54.2), were associated with a greater likelihood of having heart failure. Amongst current symptoms, a history of paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea (LR 35.5), orthopnea (LR 39.1) and breathlessness when walking on the flat (LR 25.8) were associated with a diagnosis of heart failure. However, these symptoms were not frequent amongst patients with heart failure within this population (sensitivity <36%). Jugular pressure > 6 cm with hepatic enlargement, and oedema of the lower limbs (LR 130.3), a ventricular gallop (LR 30.0), a heart rate above 110 bpm (LR 26.7), and rales at pulmonary auscultation (LR 23.3) were all associated with a diagnosis of heart failure, but were infrequent findings in patients with heart failure (sensitivity <10%).ConclusionsSymptoms and signs, and clinical history had limited value in diagnosing heart failure when used alone. The signs and symptoms that best predicted a diagnosis of heart failure were those associated with more severe disease. If investigation is limited to patients with more definite symptoms and signs of heart failure, fewer than 50% of cases will be identified and a large number of patients with mild symptoms will be missed.
Hypoplastic Synpolydactyly as a New Clinical Subgroup of Synpolydactyly
Authors: KURU ILHAMI , SAMLI HALE , YUCEL AYLIN , BOZAN M. ERAY , TURKMEN SEVAL , SOLAK MUSTAFA 
Published: November 2004

A large kindred which was first described in 1995 was investigated again. We present the clinical, radiological, genetic and surgical findings of the hand deformities found in homozygote individuals which we called “hypoplastic synpolydactyly”.There were 125 affected (heterozygote or homozygote) people out of 245 subjects in the five last generations. We identified seven marriages of two affected people. Twelve offsprings, of these marriages had a homozygote genetic pattern and “hypoplastic synpolydactyly”. From both the clinical and surgical perspectives, their hand deformity was distinctive from that of their parents. We surgically treated both hands of three individuals with this deformity.The hand deformity of these homozygotes was so complicated and distinctive that it can be evaluated as a new subgroup of synpolydactyly.
A simple tool for drawing proteolytic peptide maps
Authors: Beynon Robert J. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractSummary: I describe a simple standalone program that assists in the preparation of peptide digestion maps. These are useful for comparative studies and for locating peptides within a primary sequence. The program creates an output file as scalable vector graphics that can then be viewed in a web browser or imported into a graphics-editing program.Availability: The program, as a standalone executable, is available upon request from the author.Contact: r.beynon@liv.ac.uk
Predicting fold novelty based on ProtoNet hierarchical classification
Authors: Kifer Ilona , Sasson Ori , Linial Michal 
Published: November 2004

AbstractMotivation: Structural genomics projects aim to solve a large number of protein structures with the ultimate objective of representing the entire protein space. The computational challenge is to identify and prioritize a small set of proteins with new, currently unknown, superfamilies or folds.Results: We develop a method that assigns each protein a likelihood of it belonging to a new, yet undetermined, structural superfamily. The method relies on a variant of ProtoNet, an automatic hierarchical classification scheme of all protein sequences from SwissProt. Our results show that proteins that are remote from solved structures in the ProtoNet hierarchy are more likely to belong to new superfamilies. The results are validated against SCOP releases from recent years that account for about half of the solved structures known to date. We show that our new method and the representation of ProtoNet are superior in detecting new targets, compared to our previous method using ProtoMap classification. Furthermore, our method outperforms PSI-BLAST search in detecting potential new superfamilies.Availability: An interactive tool implementing this method, named ProTarget, is available at http://www.protarget.cs.huji.ac.il. It can be used interactively to retrieve a list of candidate proteins for Structural genomics projects. Supplementary material is available at http://www.protarget.cs.huji.ac.il/supplementContact: michall@cc.huji.ac.il
Plastid Regulation ofLhcb1Transcription in the Chlorophyte AlgaDunaliella tertiolecta
Authors: Chen Yi-Bu , Durnford Dion G. , Koblizek Michal , Falkowski Paul G. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe identify four novel DNA-binding complexes in the nuclear-encoded Lhcb1 promoter of the chlorophyte alga Dunaliella tertiolecta that are regulated by photosynthetic pathways in the plastid. The binding activities of three of the complexes were positively correlated with time-dependent changes in Lhcb1 transcript abundance, implicating their roles as transcriptional enhancers in a retrograde signal transduction pathway. Using a combination of inhibitors, uncouplers, and antimycin A, and by following the kinetic pattern of gene regulation, we infer two different sensors in the signal transduction pathway. On short time scales of 0.5 to about 4 h, the transthylakoid membrane potential appears to be a critical determinant of gene expression, whereas on time scales of 8 h or longer, the redox state of the plastoquinone pool becomes increasingly more important. The differentiation of these two types of signals was observed in parallel effects on gene transcription and on the patterns of DNA-binding activities in the Lhcb1 promoter. These signals appear to be transduced at the nuclear level via a coordinated ensemble of DNA-binding complexes located between −367 and −188 bp from the start codon of the gene. The regulation of these elements allows the cell to up- or down-regulate the expression on Lhcb1 in response to changes in irradiance.
Identification of Thlaspi caerulescens Genes That May Be Involved in Heavy Metal Hyperaccumulation and Tolerance. Characterization of a Novel Heavy Metal Transporting ATPase
Authors: Papoyan Ashot , Kochian Leon V. 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Thlaspi caerulescens is a heavy metal hyperaccumulator plant species that is able to accumulate extremely high levels of zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) in its shoots (30,000 μg g−1 Zn and 10,000 μg g−1 Cd), and has been the subject of intense research as a model plant to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms of heavy metal hyperaccumulation and tolerance and as a source of genes for developing plant species better suited for the phytoremediation of metal-contaminated soils. In this study, we report on the results of a yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisae) complementation screen aimed at identifying candidate heavy metal tolerance genes in T. caerulescens. A number of Thlaspi genes that conferred Cd tolerance to yeast were identified, including possible metal-binding ligands from the metallothionein gene family, and a P-type ATPase that is a member of the P1B subfamily of purported heavy metal-translocating ATPases. A detailed characterization of the Thlaspi heavy metal ATPase, TcHMA4, demonstrated that it mediates yeast metal tolerance via active efflux of a number of different heavy metals (Cd, Zn, lead [Pb], and copper [Cu]) out of the cell. However, in T. caerulescens, based on differences in tissue-specific and metal-responsive expression of this transporter compared with its homolog in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), we suggest that it may not be involved in metal tolerance. Instead, we hypothesize that it may play a role in xylem loading of metals and thus could be a key player in the hyperaccumulation phenotype expressed in T. caerulescens. Additionally, evidence is presented showing that the C terminus of the TcHMA4 protein, which contains numerous possible heavy metal-binding His and Cys repeats residues, participates in heavy metal binding. When partial peptides from this C-terminal domain were expressed in yeast, they conferred an extremely high level of Cd tolerance and Cd hyperaccumulation. The possibilities for enhancing the metal tolerance and phytoremediation potential of higher plants via expression of these metal-binding peptides are also discussed.
Evidence of Programmed Cell Death in Post-Phloem Transport Cells of the Maternal Pedicel Tissue in Developing Caryopsis of Maize
Authors: Kladnik Ales , Chamusco Karen , Dermastia Marina , Chourey Prem 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
We present cellular- and ultracellular-level studies here to show developmental programmed cell death (PCD) of placento-chalazal (P-C) cell layers in maternal pedicel tissue in developing caryopses of normal seed (Mn1) and in the invertase-deficient miniature (mn1) seed mutant in maize (Zea mays). PCD was evidenced by loss of nuclei and all subcellular membranous organizations in many P-C layers. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated X-dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) stain that is diagnostic of apoptotic-like PCD identified spatially and temporally two distinctive subdomains, which coincided with nucellar and integumental P-C layers based on their developmental origins. The early phase of PCD in the nucellar P-C was TUNEL negative and was specific to only the fertilized caryopses, indicating that the signaling for PCD in these maternal cells originated in the zygotic tissues. In fact, the initiation of PCD coincided with endosperm cellularization and was rapidly and coordinately completed prior to the beginning of the major storage phase in endosperm. Cell shape in these cell layers was also influenced by the genotype of filial endosperm. The later phase of PCD was restricted to the integumental P-C layers underneath the nucellar cells and was TUNEL positive in both genotypes. The two subdomains of the P-C layers were also distinguishable by unique cell wall-associated phenolic compounds. Based on collective evidence, we infer that the nucellar PCD may have osmolytic etiology and may lead to activation of the post-phloem transport function of the P-C layer, whereas the integumental PCD was senescent related, in particular, protecting the maturing seed against microbes that may be transported from the maternal tissue.
Arabidopsis HMA2, a Divalent Heavy Metal-Transporting PIB-Type ATPase, Is Involved in Cytoplasmic Zn2+ Homeostasis
Authors: Eren Elif , Argüello José M. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractPIB-type ATPases transport heavy metal ions (Cu+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Co2+, etc.) across biological membranes. Several members of this subfamily are present in plants. Higher plants are the only eukaryotes where putative Zn2+-ATPases have been identified. We have cloned HMA2, a PIB-ATPase present in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), and functionally characterized this enzyme after heterologous expression in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). HMA2 is a Zn2+-dependent ATPase that is also activated by Cd2+ and, to a lesser extent, by other divalent heavy metals (Pb2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Co2+). The enzyme forms an acid-stable phosphorylated intermediate and is inhibited by vanadate. HMA2 interacts with Zn2+ and Cd2+ with high affinity (Zn2+K1/2 = 0.11 ± 0.03 μm and Cd2+K1/2 = 0.031 ± 0.007 μm). However, its activity is dependent on millimolar concentrations of Cys in the assay media. Zn2+ transport determinations indicate that the enzyme drives the outward transport of metals from the cell cytoplasm. Analysis of HMA2 mRNA suggests that the enzyme is present in all plant organs and transcript levels do not change in plants exposed to various metals. Removal of HMA2 full-length transcript results in Zn2+ accumulation in plant tissues. hma2 mutant plants also accumulate Cd2+ when exposed to this metal. These results suggest that HMA2 is responsible for Zn2+ efflux from the cells and therefore is required for maintaining low cytoplasmic Zn2+ levels and normal Zn2+ homeostasis.
Cesium Toxicity in Arabidopsis
Authors: Hampton Corrina R. , Bowen Helen C. , Broadley Martin R. , Hammond John P. , Mead Andrew , Payne Katharine A. , Pritchard Jeremy , White Philip J. 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Cesium (Cs) is chemically similar to potassium (K). However, although K is an essential element, Cs is toxic to plants. Two contrasting hypotheses to explain Cs toxicity have been proposed: (1) extracellular Cs+ prevents K+ uptake and, thereby, induces K starvation; and (2) intracellular Cs+ interacts with vital K+-binding sites in proteins, either competitively or noncompetitively, impairing their activities. We tested these hypotheses with Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Increasing the Cs concentration in the agar ([Cs]agar) on which Arabidopsis were grown reduced shoot growth. Increasing the K concentration in the agar ([K]agar) increased the [Cs]agar at which Cs toxicity was observed. However, although increasing [Cs]agar reduced shoot K concentration ([K]shoot), the decrease in shoot growth appeared unrelated to [K]shoot per se. Furthermore, the changes in gene expression in Cs-intoxicated plants differed from those of K-starved plants, suggesting that Cs intoxication was not perceived genetically solely as K starvation. In addition to reducing [K]shoot, increasing [Cs]agar also increased shoot Cs concentration ([Cs]shoot), but shoot growth appeared unrelated to [Cs]shoot per se. The relationship between shoot growth and [Cs]shoot/[K]shoot suggested that, at a nontoxic [Cs]shoot, growth was determined by [K]shoot but that the growth of Cs-intoxicated plants was related to the [Cs]shoot/[K]shoot quotient. This is consistent with Cs intoxication resulting from competition between K+ and Cs+ for K+-binding sites on essential proteins.