bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The blurred lines of professionalism in dentistry
Authors: Bartlett Sophie , Russ Elaine , Bullock Alison , Cserzo Dorottya , Cowpe Jonathan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroduction Literature surrounding the definition, portrayal and teaching of professionalism in dentistry is widespread. However, there has been substantially less focus on the boundaries of professionalism and what constitutes unprofessional or a lapse in professionalism.Aims What about a dentist's conduct calls their professionalism into question? In exploring this, we shed light on where the boundary between professional and unprofessional conduct is blurred.Methods Drawing on data from a larger study, we conducted a thematic analysis on a series of statements surrounding professionalism and 772 open-text online survey responses from dental professionals and the public.Results Professionalism in dentistry and the circumstances where it is brought into question appears to centre around patient trust. Blurriness occurs when we consider how trust is established. Two lines of argument were constructed: patients' trust in the professionalism of their dentist is founded on any behaviour bearing a direct influence on clinical care or that challenges the law; and patients' trust also extends to aspects that reveal the inherent character of the dentist and that can threaten their integrity.Conclusion We recommend an approach to professionalism that mirrors a dentist's approach to clinical practice: learned and tailored interactions, and judgement and reflection.
Long-term findings of rectal endoscopy and rectal bleeding after moderately hypofractionated, intensity-modulated radiotherapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Bae Bong Kyung , Kim Ji Eun , Pyo Hongryull , Hong Sung Noh , Park Won 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTo present rectal endoscopic findings and toxicity after definitive moderately hypofractionated, intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for prostate cancer. We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent IMRT for prostate cancer and underwent post-radiotherapy endoscopies between 2008 and 2018. Endoscopic findings were reviewed and graded using Vienna Rectoscopy Score (VRS). We have analyzed the association between endoscopic findings and rectal bleeding, and investigated risk factors for rectal bleeding. Total 162 patients met the inclusion criteria of this study. There was a trend of VRS worsening during the initial 3 years after radiotherapy followed by recovery. Rectal bleeding was highest at 1 year after radiotherapy and improved thereafter. The 5-year cumulative incidence of grade ≥ 2 rectal bleeding was 14.8%. In the multivariable Cox regression analysis, cardiovascular disease (hazard ratio [HR] 2.732, P = 0.037), rectal wall V65 (HR 1.158, P = 0.027), and VRS ≥ 3 in first post-radiotherapy endoscopy (HR 2.573, P = 0.031) were significant risk factors for rectal bleeding. After IMRT for prostate cancer, VRS and rectal bleeding worsened over 1–3 years after radiotherapy and recovered. Cardiovascular disease, rectal wall V65, and VRS ≥ 3 in first post-radiotherapy endoscopy were significant risk factors for rectal bleeding.
Morphological and cytoskeleton changes in cells after EMT
Authors: Nurmagambetova Assel , Mustyatsa Vadim , Saidova Aleena , Vorobjev Ivan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEpithelial cells undergoing EMT experience significant alterations at transcriptional and morphological levels. However, changes in the cytoskeleton, especially cytoskeleton dynamics are poorly described. Addressing the question we induced EMT in three cell lines (MCF-7, HaCaT and A-549) and analyzed morphological and cytoskeletal changes there using immunostaining and life cell imaging of cells transfected with microtubule and focal adhesion markers. In all studied cell lines, cell area after EMT increased, MCF-7 and A-549 cells became elongated, while HaCaT cells kept the aspect ratio the same. We next analyzed three components of the cytoskeleton: microtubules, stress fibers and focal adhesions. The following changes were observed after EMT in cultured cells: (i) Organization of microtubules becomes more radial; and the growth rate of microtubule plus ends was accelerated; (ii) Actin stress fibers become co-aligned forming the longitudinal cell axis; and (iii) Focal adhesions had decreased area in all cancer cell lines studied and became more numerous in HaCaT cells. We conclude that among dynamic components of the cytoskeleton, the most significant changes during EMT happen in the regulation of microtubules.
Modified SVPWM technique for CMV reduction in asymmetrical dual three phase induction machine drive
Authors: Chaudhury Manoj K. , Pathak Mukesh K. , Singh Girish K. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDue to its advantages, the asymmetrical dual three-phase induction motor drive is a strong choice in high-power applications. However, the common-mode voltage produced by the voltage source inverters affects the winding insulation and damages the bearings. Common-mode voltage is also responsible for electromagnetic interference and leakage currents. This paper, therefore, analyses the common-mode voltage produced by the inverter supplying a dual three-phase induction motor drive and proposes a novel modified space vector decomposition-based Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) technique for common mode reduction. The vector space decomposition-based space vector modulation technique offers excellent flexibility as it reduces the common-mode voltage (CMV) by exploiting the additional degree of freedom in a dual three-phase system. The common-mode voltage (CMV) can be reduced to one-sixth of the DC link voltage compared to the highest CMV, i.e. half of the DC-link voltage produced in conventional space vector modulation. The proposed method is also validated experimentally to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in terms of the amplitude of CMV, pulsations, and total harmonic distortion(THD) in current.
The effect of receptive music therapy on older adults with mild cognitive impairment and depression: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Xue Bing , Meng Xianmei , Liu Qiuxia , Luo Xianwu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study aims to evaluate the effects of a receptive music therapy intervention on cognitive functions and depressive symptoms in older adults with MCI. A randomized controlled trial was conducted in Wuhan, China. Eighty older adults, over 65, who had MCI and depression symptoms were randomly divided into the intervention and control groups. The intervention group received usual nursing care plus receptive music therapy intervention four times a week, for eight weeks; the control group received usual nursing care during the same period. The linear regression analysis was used to compare the difference between groups. There was a significant difference in the intervention group for the pre-intervention and post-intervention scores of cognitive function and depression. There was no significant difference in the control group before and after the study period and a significant between-group difference in both cognitive function and depression. In conclusion, receptive music therapy intervention significantly improved cognitive function and reduced depressive symptoms in older adults with MCI. It could be widely used in communities and nursing homes to improve the quality of life of older adults.
Observation of the validity of the upper lip bite test in predicting difficult intubation
Authors: Tang Xinyuan , Dong Zhiyuan , Xu Jianling , Cheng Pingping , Wang Mingfang , Wang Bin , Jiang Xiaogan , Yao Weidong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe upper lip bite test (ULBT) is considered an effective method for predicting difficult airways, but data on the ULBT for predicting difficult tracheal intubation are lacking. This study aimed to examine the clinical utility of the ULBT in predicting difficult endotracheal intubation. We conducted an observational case-cohort study of adult patients undergoing elective surgery and requiring endotracheal intubation for general anesthesia. Difficult airway assessment was performed on the recruited patients before the operation, including the ULBT, mouth opening, thyromental distance, modified Mallampati test, and body mass index. The primary outcome was the incidence of difficult tracheal intubation. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to compare the performance of variables in predicting difficult tracheal intubation. We successfully recruited 2522 patients for analysis and observed 64 patients with difficult tracheal intubation. When predicting difficult tracheal intubation, grade 2 ULBT had a sensitivity of 0.75 and a specificity of 0.54, and grade 3 had a sensitivity of 0.28 and a specificity of 0.75. Compared with mouth opening, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the ULBT was lower in predicting difficult tracheal intubation (0.69 [95% confidence interval: 0.67–0.71] vs. 0.84 [95% confidence interval: 0.82–0.87], P < 0.05).Clinical Trials Registry: ChiCTR-ROC-16009050, principal investigator: Weidong Yao.
A novel fault localization method for asymmetric phase‐to‐ground faults on onshore wind farm collector lines without phasor measurement
Authors: Ding Jia , Zhu Yongli 
Published: December 2023

AbstractExisting fault localization methods for power lines are not applicable to the collector line in onshore wind farms due to the dense access of complex power supplies. Therefore, a fault localization method based on equivalent zero‐sequence injection current (ZIC) is proposed for asymmetric phase‐to‐ground faults on collector lines. Firstly, the idea of load shifting is adopted to generalize the theory of equivalent injection current (EIC) to multi‐terminal and meshed lines. Then, considering features of the zero‐sequence network of wind farms, the EIC theory on two‐terminal and multi‐terminal lines is applied to zero‐sequence networks, and thus faulty areas, faulty sub‐lines, and fault distance can be determined. Attractively, the element correlation in node impedance matrices of zero‐sequence networks is derived from the network branch‐addition process, and the numerical characteristic of matrix elements is further revealed from the particularity of wind farms, based on which root‐mean‐square (RMS) calculation of ZIC can be improved to enable the localization without phasor measurement. Verification results prove that this proposed method can accurately realize the fault localization independent of wind turbine generators with a few measurement points, and the applicability of collector lines with line branches is also considered; additionally, only voltage RMS needs to be measured.
The history of star-forming regions in the tails of six GASP jellyfish galaxies observed with the Hubble Space Telescope
Authors: Werle A. , Giunchi E. , Poggianti B. , Gullieuszik M. , Moretti A. , Zanella A. , Tonnesen S. , Fritz J. , Vulcani B. , Bacchini C. , Akerman N. , Kulier A. , Tomicic N. , Smith R. , Wolter A. 
Published: December 2023

Aims. In this work, we aim to characterize the stellar populations of star-forming regions detached from the stellar disks of galaxies undergoing ram-pressure stripping.
Methods. Using images collected with the WFC3 camera on board of the Hubble Space Telescope, we detected stellar clumps in continuum-subtracted Hα and the ultraviolet (F275W filter); such clumps are often embedded in larger regions (star-forming complexes) detected in the optical (F606W filter). Our sample includes 347 Hα clumps, 851 F275W clumps, and 296 star-forming complexes. We modeled the photometry of these objects in five bands using BAGPIPES to obtain their stellar population parameters.
Results. The median mass-weighted stellar ages are 27 Myr for Hα clumps and 39 Myr for F275W clumps and star-forming complexes, but the oldest stars in the complexes can be older than ∼300 Myr which indicates that star formation is sustained for long periods of time. Stellar masses vary from 103.5 to 107.1 M⊙, with star-forming complexes being more massive objects in the sample. Clumps and complexes found further away from the host galaxy are on average younger, less massive, and less obscured by dust. We interpret these trends as due to the effect of ram pressure in different phases of the interstellar medium. Hα clumps form a well-defined sequence in the stellar mass–SFR plane with a slope of 0.73. Some F275W clumps and star-forming complexes follow the same sequence while others stray away from it and passively age. The difference in mean stellar age between a complex and its youngest embedded clump scales with the distance between the clump and the center of the optical emission of the complex, with the most displaced clumps being hosted by the most elongated complexes. This is consistent with a fireball-like morphology, where star formation proceeds in a small portion of the complex while older stars are left behind producing a linear stellar population gradient. The stellar masses of star-forming complexes are consistent with the ones of globular clusters, but their stellar mass surface densities are lower by 2 dex, and their properties are more consistent with the population of dwarf galaxies in clusters.
Digitale Spiele zur Förderung von körperlicher
Aktivität und Fitness: Aktueller Stand, Chancen und
Herausforderungen
Authors: Dadaczynski Kevin 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungTrotz umfangreicher Präventionsbemühungen weisen
repräsentative Studien darauf hin, dass der Anteil an körperlich
inaktiven Menschen ungebrochen hoch und infolge der COVID-19 Pandemie sogar
gestiegen ist. Seit etwa 15 Jahren werden in Deutschland zunehmend
Bemühungen erkennbar, Interventionen um spielerische Komponenten
anzureichern bzw. eigenständige digitale Spielanwendungen zur
Förderung von körperlicher Aktivität und Fitness zu
etablieren. Dieser Beitrag zielt darauf ab, neben den konzeptionellen
Ansätzen den aktuellen Stand der Wirksamkeit von digitalen
Spielanwendungen zur Förderung von körperlicher
Aktivität aufzuzeigen. Überdies werden deutsche
Interventionsbeispiele exemplarisch vorgestellt und Chancen sowie
künftiger Herausforderungen skizziert.
Digitalisierung im DVGS – ein
Update
Authors: Streber Rene , Peters Stefan , Baldus Angelika 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Megatrend der Digitalisierung verändert vielfältige Bereich
des täglichen Lebens und Arbeitens. Das trifft im Speziellen auch auf
das deutsche Gesundheitswesen zu, womit vielfältige neue, digitale
Leistungen und Gesundheitsangebote entstehen.In den letzten Jahren wurde das Thema der Digitalisierung gezielt in die
Verbandsstruktur und -prozesse des DVGS e. V. integriert. Dies geht einher mit
dessen satzungsgemäßen Aufgaben sowie den Zielsetzungen
Qualitätssicherung und Professionalisierung. Über die Zeit wird
auch die entwickelte Digitalisierungsstrategie des Verbands stets
weiterentwickelt. Dies ist ein dynamischer und fortwährender
Prozess.Der vorliegende Artikel aktualisiert den Überblick über
wesentliche Maßnahmen dieser Digitalisierungsstrategie in Bezug auf die
bedeutenden Tätigkeitsbereiche des DVGS wie das Lehrgangswesen,
Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung, Gremienarbeit sowie die
sport-/bewegungstherapeutische Versorgung. Es werden die DVGS E-Coach
Lizenz und die DVGS Long-/Post-Covid Lizenz dargestellt. Weitere
Digitalisierungsmaßnahmen im Service-Bereich werden ebenso
thematisiert.
Update 2023: Die mitochondriale Toxizität von
Arzneimitteln
Authors: Gröber Uwe , Schütz Burkhard 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungMitochondrien sind aufgrund der komplexen und vulnerablen Morphologie und ihrer
zahlreichen Funktionen häufig das Ziel arzneimittelbedingter
Schäden, die v. a. mit Störung der oxidativen
Kapazität und Anstieg an oxidativem Stress verbunden sind.
Arzneimittelgruppen mit mitochondrialer Toxizität sind bes.
Chemotherapeutika, Kardiaka und Antihypertonika, aber auch Antidiabetika,
Statine, Analgetika, Antibiotika und weitere. Mitochondriopathien können
alle Organe betreffen bis hin zu schweren Multiorganerkrankungen. Beschrieben
werden schwere Leberschäden durch Paracetamol und Valproinsäure,
Muskelschäden bei Statintherapie und Laktatazidose unter Metformin sowie
deren Behandlung bzw. Prophylaxe durch Supplementierung von
Mikronährstoffen.
Gesundheit von Säuglingen und Kindern: Auf den
Biofaktorenstatus achten
Authors: Birkelbach Daniela , Kisters Klaus , Classen Hans-Georg 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungEine optimale Versorgung mit Biofaktoren wie Vitaminen, Mineralstoffen und
Spurenelementen ist essenziell für die körperliche und geistige
Entwicklung von Kindern und Jugendlichen und spielt eine wichtige Rolle in der
Prävention von Erkrankungen. Bereits in der Schwangerschaft sollte auf
eine ausreichende Versorgung der Mutter mit Vitamin B12 und Vitamin D
geachtet werden. Zusammenhänge zwischen Vitamin-D- oder Magnesiummangel
und ADHS werden beschrieben.
Brain Fog: Nebel im Kopf
Authors: Gröber Uwe 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungBrain Fog ist eine kognitive Störung, die oft in Zusammenhang mit
geringgradigen Entzündungen steht. Neben psychischen Belastungen
können auch Erkrankungen mit Beteiligung der Nerven Auslöser
sein. Die Symptomatik mit Antriebslosigkeit, Konzentrationsproblemen, geistiger
Erschöpfung u. a. ähnelt jener der Fatigue. Im
Mittelpunkt von Diagnostik und Therapie stehen Entzündungsparameter und
die mitochondriale Integrität. Infusionen mit
(Mikro-)Nährstoffen haben sich wg. schneller Wirkung und guter
Bioverfügbarkeit bewährt.
NAD+– ein alter Bekannter aus den
Anfängen der Orthomolekularen Medizin
Authors: Gröber Uwe 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungNiedrige NAD+-Spiegel werden mit Alterungsprozessen und
Alterskrankheiten wie Diabetes Typ 2 und Alzheimer-Demenz in Verbindung
gebracht. NAD+kann de novo aus L-Tryptophan oder aus
Nicotinsäure in der Nahrung synthetisiert, aber auch im Stoffwechsel
recycelt werden. Das elektrophile Pyridinnukleotid ist an multiplen
Stoffwechselreaktionen beteiligt und essenziell für die Aktivierung von
mitochondrialer Elektronentransportkette und ATP-Produktion. Im Alter nehmen
zelluläre und molekulare Läsionen zu und übersteigen die
Kapazität körpereigener Reparaturmechanismen. Die
Erhöhung des zellulären NAD+-Gehalts
führt zur Aktivierung von Sirtuinen, die lebensverlängernd und
stressabwehrend wirken. Ersten Studien zufolge scheint die Wiederherstellung des
NAD+-Status ein vielversprechender therapeutischer Ansatz
zur Behandlung altersbedingter Erkrankungen zu sein. Die beste Wirkung zeigen
langsame Infusionen mit NAD+.
Residency Education Practices in Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery
Authors: Dimitroyannis Rose , Thodupunoori Sharanya , Polster Sean P. , Das Paramita , Roxbury Christopher R. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background There has been increased interest in how residents train in the subspecialty of skull base surgery. Examining which training methods are popular and effective to optimize residency learning is necessary, especially with new training adjuncts available to the modern trainee. In this study, we survey North American Skull Base Society (NASBS) members to analyze endoscopic skull base surgery education methods.
Methods The NASBS membership was surveyed regarding endoscopic skull base surgery teaching and feedback methods using a Likert scale via an anonymized REDCap form over 4 months.
Results With a response rate of 10.1%, we found that informal teaching methods and verbal qualitative feedback were rated significantly more effective than other teaching and feedback methods (p < 0.01). When comparing the opinions of otolaryngologists and neurosurgeons, otolaryngologists were less likely to believe feedback is most effective with a shared grading scale (p < 0.01). Physicians with more than 10 years of experience posttraining felt model- and rubric-based teaching were used more frequently (p < 0.01). Respondents indicated that standardization and use of simulation, artificial intelligence, and virtual reality should be at the forefront of educational practices used in the field in the coming 5 to 10 years.
Conclusion Despite the current emphasis on informal training, respondents pointed to standardization and simulation as methods of endoscopic skull base surgery education that should be used more in the future. These results indicate an unmet need in skull base education. Future multi-institutional initiatives with NASBS membership participation are warranted.
From mallees to mountain ash, specific leaf area is coordinated with eucalypt tree stature, resprouting, stem construction, and fruit size
Authors: Portelli Antoinette M. , Windecker Saras M. , Pollock Laura J. , Neal Will C. , Morris William K. , Khot Rohan , Vesk Peter A. 
Published: December 2023

Context The radiation of eucalypts into almost every Australian environment offers valuable insights to plant ecological strategies. Aims We aimed to assess the degree to which functional traits across different organs are independent or reflect coordinated strategies in southern eucalypts. Methods We applied ordinary and phylogenetic generalised least squares regressions to 164 southern Australian taxa, examining the network of pairwise relationships between 10 functional traits representing aspects of stature, leaf economics, reproduction and post-fire regeneration. We examined coordination and modularity in this network and estimated how phylogeny affects observed trait correlations. Results Stem and stature traits were generally independent of reproductive traits, with Specific Leaf Area the most connected trait, being correlated with traits from all organs. Resprouting ability was also connected to several traits. Species able to resprout basally, but not epicormically, were on average shorter, stouter, with higher stem sapwood density, thinner bark, smaller leaves and lower Specific Leaf Area than those able to resprout using both methods. Taxa resembled their relatives; phylogenetic signal was significant for all continuous traits except Relative Height, ranging from Pagel’s Lambda λ = 0.37 (Relative Bark Thickness) to λ = 0.82 (Specific Leaf Area). Phylogenetic analyses showed weakened correlations for most (but not all) trait pairs. However, most moderate relationships on the trait correlation network also displayed correlated evolution. Conclusions Stature, stem, leaf and reproductive traits and fire response of eucalypts are somewhat coordinated, principally through leaf economics. Trait combinations that confer ecological competence on eucalypt taxa in present-day conditions are likely to have been similarly favoured throughout their evolutionary history. Implications This supports theory of coordinated plant strategies.