bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circulating 92‐kilodalton matrix metalloproteinase (MMP‐9) activity is enhanced in the euglobulin plasma fraction of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ranuncolo Stella M. , Matos Elena , Loria Dora , Vilensky Marta , Rojo Rodrigo , Bal de Kier Joffé Elisa , Inés Puricelli Lydia 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDCancer lethality is usually the result of local invasion and metastasis of neoplastic cells from the primary tumor. Because of their ability to degrade extracellular matrix components (EMC), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated in the breakdown of basement membranes and underlying stroma, thereby facilitating tumor growth and invasion.METHODSThe authors quantitated, by gelatin zymography and densitometric analysis, MMP activity in the euglobulin plasma fraction of 50 healthy controls and 91 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients (51 from the larynx and 40 from the oropharynx).RESULTSThe median value for 92‐kilodalton (kD) MMP (MMP‐9) activity was increased significantly in laryngeal (Md 2.1 arbitrary units (AU)/mL plasma; range, 0.2–6.4) and oropharyngeal patients (Md 2.08 AU/mL; range, 0.0–5.0) with respect to the controls (Md 0.48 AU/mL; range, 0.0–1.8). Both groups of cancer patients showed a similar behavior. Multivariate analysis indicated that circulating 92‐kD MMP activity was not predicted by the clinical‐pathologic parameters such as tumor stage, histologic grade, and metastatic lymph nodes. There was no association between high levels of MMP‐9 activity and either cigarette smoking or alcohol consumption, major risk factors for developing HNSCC.CONCLUSIONSThe authors found a significant increase of MMP‐9 plasma activity both in laryngeal and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients as compared with healthy controls. Further studies are necessary to establish its usefulness in the clinical management of these patients. Cancer 2002;94:1483–91. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10356
Clinical significance of telomerase activity in multiple myeloma
Authors: Shiratsuchi Motoaki , Muta Koichiro , Abe Yasunobu , Motomura Seiichi , Taguchi Fumihiro , Takatsuki Hiroshi , Uike Naokuni , Umemura Tsukuru , Nawata Hajime , Nishimura Junji 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe clinical course of patients with multiple myeloma varies, and therefore it is important to evaluate the disease state. We studied the telomerase activity of myeloma cells as a possible prognostic factor in such patients.METHODSTwenty five samples from patients with multiple myeloma were studied. We purified myeloma cells in bone marrow samples according to the expression of surface antigens, CD38 and CD45. CD38+/CD45− or dim cells had morphologic characteristics of myeloma cells, with a purity exceeding 95%. The telomerase activity of myeloma cells was determined by a polymerase chain reaction‐based telomeric repeat amplification protocol assay. Ki‐67 positivity of the purified cells was determined by flow cytometry using anti‐Ki‐67 antibody. The relationship between telomerase activity and prognostic factors was also examined.RESULTSA significantly high degree of telomerase activity was detected in subjects with a serum β2‐microglobulin level ≥ 6mg/dL or at Stage III (P = 0.002). The serum C‐reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatinine levels did not correlate with the telomerase activity, but this activity did significantly correlate with Ki‐67 positivity and the percentage of plasma cells in the bone marrow (r = 0.561, P = 0.004, and r = 0.397, P = 0.049, respectively). The patients with high levels of telomerase activity were thus found to have a significantly short survival time after sampling (P = 0.035).CONCLUSIONSThe measurement of the telomerase activity in myeloma cells was found to be a reliable marker for the proliferating capacity and tumor mass in myeloma patients. The telomerase activity of myeloma cells may therefore be useful as a prognostic factor. Cancer 2002;94:2232–8. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10472
Catecholaminergic innervation of the sympathetic preganglionic cell column of the filefish Stephanolepis cirrhifer
Authors: Funakoshi Kengo , Nakano Masato , Atobe Yoshitoshi , Kadota Tetsuo , Goris Richard C. , Kishida Reiji 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNerve fibers immunoreactive for enzymes synthesizing catecholamines were examined in the central autonomic nucleus, a column of sympathetic preganglionic neurons, in the filefish Stephanolepis cirrhifer. Varicose nerve fibers immunoreactive for tyrosine hydroxylase were densely distributed in the rostral part, sometimes in contact with perikarya but were sparse in the caudal part of this nucleus. Fluorescent double labeling distinguished noradrenergic nerve fibers immunoreactive for both tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine β hydroxylase, and dopaminergic fibers immunoreactive only for tyrosine hydroxylase. In the brainstem, catecholaminergic neurons were observed in the locus coeruleus, the caudal dorsomedial reticular zone of the medulla, and the area postrema. Double labeling of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine β hydroxylase showed that the neurons in the locus coeruleus were all noradrenergic, and those in the caudal dorsomedial medulla were mostly noradrenergic, whereas the area postrema contained both noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurons. No catecholaminergic neurons were found in the ventral region of the brainstem. After application of DiI to the central autonomic nucleus, retrogradely labeled neurons were seen in the caudal dorsomedial medulla but not in the locus coeruleus or the area postrema. These findings suggest that the sympathetic preganglionic neurons of the filefish may receive noradrenergic axonal projections from neurons in the caudal dorsomedial medulla. In the light of previous studies, inputs of these catecholaminergic fibers to the central autonomic nucleus may be involved in regulation of sympathetic activity of peripheral organs, together with serotoninergic and peptidergic inputs to this nucleus. J. Comp. Neurol. 442:204–216, 2002. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estrogen receptor‐alpha immunoreactive neurons in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray receive monosynaptic input from the lumbosacral cord in the rhesus monkey
Authors: Vanderhorst Veronique G.J.M. , Terasawa Ei , Ralston Henry J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEstrogen affects female sexual behavior, analgesia, and micturition in mammals. One of the possible sites at which estrogen might exert its effect on these functions is the periaqueductal gray (PAG). The PAG is involved in each of these functions, it receives sensory input relevant to these functions from the lumbosacral cord, and contains estrogen receptor‐alpha immunoreactive (ER‐α IR) neurons. The present light (LM) and electron microscopic (EM) study seeks to determine whether there are monosynaptic projections from the lumbosacral cord to ER‐α IR neurons in the PAG of the female rhesus monkey. Tracer was injected into the lumbosacral cord to visualize the lumbosacral‐PAG projection, and the distribution of ER‐α IR neurons in the PAG was studied immunohistochemically. The medial part of the ventrolateral caudal PAG received the densest projection from the lumbosacral cord. Another prominent projection was found in the lateral PAG at the intercollicular level. Although ER‐α IR neurons were widely distributed throughout the PAG, approximately 40% of ER‐α IR PAG neurons were located as a distinct cluster in the medial portion of the ventrolateral, caudal PAG. Double labeling experiments showed that the location of this cluster precisely overlapped with the densest lumbosacral‐PAG projection. EM revealed that axons from the lumbosacral cord made asymmetrical synaptic contacts with unlabeled dendrites and ER‐α IR neuronal somata in the ventrolateral PAG. It is concluded that there exists a specific, monosynaptic pathway from lumbosacral neurons to ER‐α expressing PAG neurons in the rhesus monkey. This pathway might be involved in the mechanisms of analgesia, blood pressure, mating behavior, and micturition. J. Comp. Neurol. 443:27–42, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hair cell development in vivo and in vitro: Analysis by using a monoclonal antibody specific to hair cells in the chick inner ear
Authors: Kondo Kenji , Sagara Hiroshi , Hirosawa Kazushige , Kaga Kimitaka , Matsushima Satsuki , Mabuchi Kunihiko , Uchimura Hidemasa , Watanabe Takashi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to establish a hair cell‐specific marker and a convenient explant culture system for developing chick otocysts to facilitate in vivo and in vitro studies focusing on hair cell genesis in the inner ear. To achieve this, a hair cell‐specific monoclonal antibody, 2A7, was generated by immunizing chick inner ear tissues to a mouse. Through the use of immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy, it was shown that 2A7 immunoreactivity (2A7‐IR) was primarily restricted to the apical region of inner ear hair cells, including stereocilia, kinocilia, apical membrane amongst the extending cilia, and superficial layer of the cuticular plate. Although the 2A7 antibody immunolabeled basically all of the hair cells in the posthatch chick inner ear, two different patterns of 2A7‐IR were observed; hair cells located in the striolar region of the utricular macula, which consist of two distinct cell types identifiable on the basis of the type of nerve ending, Type I and II hair cells, showed labeling restricted to the basal end of the hair bundles. On the other hand, hair cells in the extrastriolar region, which are exclusively of Type II, showed labeling extending over virtually the entire length of the bundles. These findings raised the possibility that chick vestibular Type II hair cells, characterized by their bouton‐type afferent nerve endings, can be divided into two subpopulations. Analysis of developing inner ear by using the 2A7 antibody revealed that this antibody also recognizes newly differentiated immature hair cells. Thus, the 2A7 antibody is able to recognize both immature and mature hair cells in vivo. The developmental potential of embryonic otocysts in vitro was then assessed by using explant cultures as a model. In this study, conventional otocyst explant cultures were modified by placing the tissues on floating polycarbonate filters on culture media, thereby allowing the easy manipulation of explants. In these cultures, 2A7‐positive hair cells were differentiated from dividing precursor cells in vitro on the same schedule as in vivo. Furthermore, it was found that hair cells with both types of 2A7‐IR were generated in culture as in vivo, indicating that a maturational process of hair cells also occurred. All these results as presented here suggest that the 2A7 monoclonal antibody as a hair cell‐specific marker together with the culture system could be a potential tool in analysis of mechanisms underlying hair cell development. J. Comp. Neurol. 445:176–198, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ultrastructure of endomorphin‐1 immunoreactivity in the rat dorsal pontine tegmentum: Evidence for preferential targeting of peptidergic neurons in Barrington's nucleus rather than catecholaminergic neurons in the peri–locus coeruleus
Authors: Peoples James F. , Wessendorf Martin W. , Pierce Tracy , Van Bockstaele Elisabeth J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEndomorphins are opioid tetrapeptides that have high affinity and selectivity for mu‐opioid receptors (μORs). Light microscopic studies have shown that endomorphin‐1 (EM‐1) ‐containing fibers are distributed within the brainstem dorsal pontine tegmentum. Here, immunoelectron microscopy was conducted in the rat brainstem to identify potential cellular interactions between EM‐1 and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) ‐labeled cellular profiles in the locus coeruleus (LC) and peri‐LC, an area known to contain extensive noradrenergic dendrites of LC neurons. Furthermore, sections through the rostral dorsal pons, from colchicine‐treated rats, were processed for EM‐1 and corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), a neuropeptide known to be present in neurons of Barrington's nucleus. EM‐1 immunoreactivity was identified in unmyelinated axons, axon terminals, and occasionally in cellular profiles resembling glial processes. Within axon terminals, peroxidase labeling for EM‐1 was enriched in large dense core vesicles. In sections processed for EM‐1 and TH, approximately 10% of EM‐1–containing axon terminals (n=269) targeted dendrites that exhibited immunogold–silver labeling for TH. In contrast, approximately 30% of EM‐1–labeled axon terminals analyzed (n = 180) targeted CRF‐containing somata and dendrites in Barrington's nucleus. Taken together, these data indicate that the modulation of nociceptive and autonomic function as well as stress and arousal responses attributed to EM‐1 in the central nervous system may arise, in part, from direct actions on catecholaminergic neurons in the peri‐LC. However, the increased frequency with which EM‐1 axon terminals form synapses with CRF‐containing profiles in Barrington's nucleus suggests a novel role for EM‐1 in the modulation of functions associated with Barrington's nucleus neurons such as micturition control and pelvic visceral function. J. Comp. Neurol. 448:268–279, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intrinsic connectivity of the rat subiculum: II. Properties of synchronous spontaneous activity and a demonstration of multiple generator regions
Authors: Harris Elana , Stewart Mark 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBrain structures that can generate epileptiform activity possess excitatory interconnections among principal cells and a subset of these neurons that can be spontaneously active (“pacemaker” cells). We describe electrophysiological evidence for excitatory interactions among rat subicular neurons. Subiculum was isolated from presubiculum, CA1, and entorhinal cortex in ventral horizontal slices. Nominally zero magnesium perfusate, picrotoxin (100 μM), or NMDA (20 μM) was used to induce spontaneous firing in subicular neurons. Synchronous population activity and the spread of population events from one end of subiculum to the other in isolated subicular subslices indicate that subicular pyramidal neurons are coupled together by excitatory synapses. Both electrophysiological classes of subicular pyramidal cells (bursting and regular spiking) exhibited synchronous activity, indicating that both cell classes are targets of local excitatory inputs. Burst firing neurons were active in the absence of synchronous activity in field recordings, indicating that these cells may serve as pacemaker neurons for the generation of epileptiform activity in subiculum. Epileptiform events could originate at either proximal or distal segments of the subiculum from ventral horizontal slices. In some slices, events originated in both proximal and distal locations and propagated to the other location. Finally, propagation was supported over axonal paths through the cell layer and in the apical dendritic zone. We conclude that subicular burst firing and regular spiking neurons are coupled by means of glutamatergic synapses. These connections may serve to distribute activity driven by topographically organized inputs and to synchronize subicular cell activity. J. Comp. Neurol. 435:506–518, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sexual dimorphism and developmental expression of signal‐transduction machinery in the vomeronasal organ
Authors: Murphy F.A. , Tucker K. , Fadool D.A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe have explored the use of a new model to study the transduction of chemosignals in the vomeronasal organ (VNO), for which the functional pathway for chemical communication is incompletely understood. Because putative vomeronasal receptors in mammalian and other vertebrate models belong to the superfamily of G‐protein‐coupled receptors, the objective of the present study was to define which G‐protein subunits were present in the VNO of Sternotherus odoratus (stinkpot or musk turtle) in order to provide directionality for future functional studies of the downstream signaling cascades. The turtle vomeronasal epithelium (VNE) was found to contain the G‐proteins Gβ and Gαil–3 at the microvillar layer, the presumed site of signal tranduction in these neurons, as evidenced by immunocytochemical techniques. Gαo labeled the axon bundles in the VNE and the somata of the vomeronasal sensory neurons but not the microvillar layer. Densitometric analysis of Western blots indicated that the VNO from females contained greater concentrations of Gαi1–3 compared with males. Sexually immature (juvenile) turtles showed intense immunolabeling for all three subunits (Gβ, Gαi1–3, and Gαo) in the axon bundles and an absence of labeling in the microvillar layer. Another putative signaling component found in the microvilli of mammalian VNO, transient receptor potential channel, was also immunoreactive in S. odoratus in a gender‐specific manner, as quantified by Western blot analysis. These data demonstrate the utility of Sternotherus for discerning the functional signal transduction machinery in the VNO and may suggest that gender and developmental differences in effector proteins or cellular signaling components may be used to activate sex‐specific behaviors. J. Comp. Neurol. 432:61–74, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sensitivity to naloxone of the behavioral signs of morphine withdrawal and c‐Fos expression in the rat CNS: A quantitative dose‐response analysis
Authors: Le Guen Stéphanie , Gestreau Christian , Besson Jean‐Marie 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSeveral studies have used c‐Fos expression to delineate the neural substrate underlying naloxone‐precipitated morphine withdrawal (MW). However, because behavioral manifestations of MW depend on both the degree of dependence and the doses of naloxone (NAL), a comprehensive study would require examining c‐Fos expression in relation with the degree of MW. Here, changes in behavior and in c‐Fos–like immunoreactivity (FLI) were studied in the same rats after injection of three doses of NAL to precipitate various degrees of MW. Fifteen established signs of MW were examined for 1 hour after NAL injection, and FLI was quantified in 52 regions of the brain and in the lumbosacral spinal cord. Linear regression analyses were used to examine changes in numbers of signs and FLI neurons with the doses of NAL, and data were considered dose‐related for a statistical level of significance of P < 0.05. In summary, autonomic signs of MW increased in a dose‐related manner, whereas somatomotor signs did not. After MW, 33 central nervous system regions exhibited significant increases in FLI and were, thus, considered as important neural correlates of MW. Twenty of them displayed dose‐related increases in c‐Fos expression and correspond to regions related to autonomic functions. Low c‐Fos expression was detected in some regions involved in motor control or in reward, suggesting either their minor role in MW or a limitation of the technique. This dose‐response analysis suggests that the increase in the severity of autonomic manifestations of MW is associated with a gradual activation of major structures of the autonomic nervous system. J. Comp. Neurol. 433:272–297, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Branchiogenic motoneurons innervating facial, masticatory, and esophageal muscles show aberrant distribution in the reeler‐phenotype mutant rat, Shaking Rat Kawasaki
Authors: Setsu Tomiyoshi , Ikeda Yayoi , Woodhams Peter L. , Terashima Toshio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractShaking Rat Kawasaki (SRK) is an autosomal recessive mutant rat that is characterized by cerebellar ataxia. Although previous studies indicated many points of similarity between this mutant rat and the reeler mouse, nonlaminated structures such as the facial nucleus have not been studied in this mutant rat. Nissl‐stained sections through the brainstem showed that the cytoarchitecture of the facial, motor trigeminal, and ambiguus nuclei was abnormal in SRK, especially in the lateral cell group of the facial nucleus and the compact formation of the ambiguus nucleus. To examine whether orofacial motoneurons are also malpositioned in the SRK rat, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected into the facial, masticatory, and abdominal esophageal muscles of the SRK rats and normal controls to label facial, trigeminal, and ambiguus motoneurons, respectively. HRP‐labeled facial, trigeminal, and ambiguus motoneurons of the SRK rat were distributed more widely than those of their normal counterparts, as in the case of the reeler mouse, with the one exception that labeled facial motoneurons innervating the nasolabial muscle were distributed more widely in the ventrolateral‐to‐dorsomedial direction in comparison with those of the reeler mutant. These data demonstrate that nonlaminated structures in the brainstem of the SRK rat are affected severely, as is the case in the reeler mutant mouse. J. Comp. Neurol. 439:275–290, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fos‐like immunohistochemical identification of neurons active during the startle response of the rainbow trout
Authors: Bosch Tom J. , Maslam Suharti , Roberts Barry L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractActivity‐dependent Fos‐like expression was investigated immunohistochemically in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) that had performed vibratory‐evoked startle responses. We found significantly higher numbers of Fos‐like‐immunoreactive neurons in the reticular formation, in the octavolateral area, and in several cranial nerve motor nuclei in the brain and in the motor column of the spinal cord of startled fish than in control fish. In one fish, in which stimulation did not evoke startle responses, substantial numbers of positive cells occurred in the brain, primarily in the magnocellular octavolateral nucleus. We observed Fos‐like‐immunoreactive neurons in cell groups that are known to participate in the startle response (e.g., the Mauthner cell) as well as in cell groups that have been proposed but until now not shown to be involved. J. Comp. Neurol. 439:306–314, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Some superconvergence results for the covolume method for elliptic problems
Authors: Huang Jianguo , Li Likang 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper, we attempt to give analysis of the covolume method for solving general self‐adjoint elliptic problems. We first present some useful superconvergence results for the deviation between the solution of the covolume method and the solution of the induced finite element method, in the energy norm and maximum norm, respectively. With these results, we then reproduce the maximum norm estimates obtained by Chou and Li for the covolume method easily. Furthermore, based on the covolume method, we propose a high‐accuracy algorithm for solving general self‐adjoint elliptic problems. Compared with the original covolume method, the computation work of the new algorithm is increased slightly, but the approximate error is improved remarkably. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The stochastic second‐order perturbation technique in the finite difference method
Authors: Kamiński Marcin 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe main idea of the paper is to introduce the second‐order perturbation second probabilistic moment extension of the finite difference method (FDM). The approach can be successfully applied to all these engineering analyses where FDM modelling is still useful and some structural parameters are treated as random variables or fields. The main advantage of the stochastic finite difference method (SFDM) proposed is relatively easy extension of the existing deterministic results in the classical theory of elasticity on the random or even stochastic problems. A very attractive aspect can be the usage of the SFDM in the stochastic signals processing in a conjunction with the wavelet optimized FDM. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.