bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Enantiodivergent Trend in Microbial Baeyer−Villiger Oxidations of Functionalized Pentalenones by Recombinant Whole Cells Expressing Monooxygenases fromAcinetobacterandPseudomonas
Authors: Mihovilovic Marko D. , Müller Bernhard , Schulze Alexander , Stanetty Peter , Kayser Margaret M. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractWe have investigated the microbial Baeyer−Villiger oxidations of pentalenones by recombinant whole cells expressing cyclohexanone monooxygenase fromAcinetobacterand cyclopentanone monooxygenase fromPseudomonas. The two enzymes display a distinguishable enantiodivergent trend in the biotransformation of some prochiral substrates. A significant influence of the conformation of the fused‐ring system and the polarity of the substituents on the conversion and enantioselectivity of the microbial oxidations was observed and is discussed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Synthesis of Tri‐ and Tetracyclic Condensed Quinoxalin‐2‐ones Fused Across the C‐3−N‐4 Bond
Authors: Chicharro Roberto , de Castro Sonia , Reino José L. , Arán Vicente J. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractWe have studied the preparation of some fused quinoxalinones by Stevens rearrangement of a spiro‐quinoxaline‐derived ammonium ylide or by treatment of N‐(2,4‐dinitrophenyl)‐ and N‐(2‐nitrophenyl)imino acids with different reducing agents. We have reinvestigated and clarified some related processes found in the literature starting from imino acids derivatives. Additional reactions of the fused quinoxalinones, as well as the useful dehydrogenation/decarboxylation of some easily available 1‐arylindoline‐2‐carboxylic acids to the corresponding 1‐arylindoles, are also reported. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Structural Determination of a Novel O‐Chain Polysaccharide of the Lipopolysaccharide from the Bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. pruni
Authors: Molinaro Antonio , Evidente Antonio , Cantore Pietro Lo , Iacobellis Nicola Sante , Bedini Emiliano , Lanzetta Rosa , Parrilli Michelangelo 
Published: June 2003

AbstractIn this paper, we report the structure of the O‐specific polysaccharide of the LPS fraction of the strain type NCPPB416 of X. campestris pv. pruni. It is built up of three different monosaccharides − glucose, rhamnose and xylose − in an intricate block‐wise polymer. Herein, the primary structure is elucidated by means of chemical degradation and 2D NMR spectroscopy. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Fluoride‐Labile Protecting Groups for the Synthesis of Base‐Sensitive Methyl‐SATE Oligonucleotide Prodrugs
Authors: Guerlavais‐Dagland Typhaine , Meyer Albert , Imbach Jean‐Louis , Morvan François 
Published: June 2003

AbstractBase‐sensitive methyl‐SATE oligonucleotide prodrugs (prooligos) were synthesized using fluoride‐labile protection groups on the nucleobases and on certain internucleosidic phosphate linkages. The combination of [(tert‐butyl)(diphenyl)silyloxymethyl]benzoyl (SiOMB) and (trimethylsilyl)ethyl (TSE) groups is well adapted for synthesis of these compounds using phosphoramidite chemistry on a solid support. The prooligo was anchored on the support via a phosphoramidate linkage. A final treatment with Et3N·3HF in THF efficiently releases the prooligo from the solid support and cleaves the SiOMB and TSE groups. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
The First Hydroxysilylation of Alkenes with Triethylsilane under Dioxygen Catalyzed by N‐Hydroxyphthalimide
Authors: Tayama Osamu , Iwahama Takahiro , Sakaguchi Satoshi , Ishii Yasutaka 
Published: June 2003

AbstractCatalytic hydroxysilylation of alkenes with trialkylsilane under dioxygen through a radical process was successfully achieved by the use of N‐hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) as a catalyst under mild conditions. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Synthesis of HydroquinoidC‐ andO‐Biphenyl Disaccharides by Chromium‐Templated Benzannulation Reactions
Authors: Janes Erik , Nieger Martin , Saarenketo Pauli , Dötz Karl Heinz 
Published: June 2003

AbstractOrganometallic monosaccharides6−10containing a chromium styrylcarbene skeleton have been synthesized in quantitative yield fromO‐glycoside methylcarbene complexes1−5bearing diisopropylidene‐protected glucose, mannose, galactose, or fructose in atrans‐selective aldol condensation with benzaldehyde. These compounds undergo a chromium‐templated benzannulation upon reaction with ethynyl glucoside to give diastereoisomeric mixtures of Cr(CO)3complexes. The differences in their thermodynamic stability was exploited in a diastereoselective synthesis of hydroquinoid biphenyl disaccharides12−16in 67−88% yields. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Synthesis of Carbohydrate‐Derived Enynes and Subsequent Metathesis to Yield Polyhydroxylated 1‐Vinylcycloalkenes
Authors: Dolhem Franck , Lièvre Catherine , Demailly Gilles 
Published: June 2003

AbstractIn this paper, a new route toward polyhydroxylated 1‐vinylcycloalkenes is presented. 1,6‐ and 1,7‐enynes were synthesized in four steps from glyco‐ynitols, which are readily available from monosaccharides. These compounds were then cyclized by ring‐closing enyne metathesis to afford the title compounds. For example, we converted (2R,3S,4R)‐1‐O‐tritylhept‐6‐yne‐1,2,3,4‐tetrol (1) to the corresponding 1,7‐enyne 13 in 53% yield. The ring‐closing metathesis of 1,7‐enyne 13 with Grubbs catalyst, under Mori’s conditions, produced the corresponding polyhydroxylated 1‐vinylcyclohexene 19 in 72% yield. The conversion of several glyco‐ynitols into polyhydroxylated 1‐vinylcycloalkenes was carried out with satisfying yields. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Total Synthesis of A‐Nor B‐Aromatic OSW‐1 Aglycon: A Highly Effective Approach to Optically Active trans‐4,5‐Benzhydrindane
Authors: Matsuya Yuji , Itoh Takakatsu , Nemoto Hideo 
Published: June 2003

AbstractA new enantioselective approach to the trans‐4,5‐benzhydrindane skeleton by intramolecular cycloaddition of o‐quinodimethane, generated by thermolysis of a benzocyclobutene derivative, is described. Using this method, the synthesis of the A‐nor B‐aromatic aglycon of OSW‐1, a potent antitumor saponin, was accomplished. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Effective and Inexpensive Acrylonitrile Cross‐Metathesis: Utilisation of Grubbs II Precatalyst in the Presence of Copper(I) Chloride
Authors: Rivard Michael , Blechert Siegfried 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe efficient selective cross‐metathesis (CM) of acrylonitrile using unmodified precatalyst 2 is reported. The use of copper(I) chloride as an additive and phosphane scavenger is described and significant turnover enhancement upon addition of a metallic salt in selective CM is observed for the first time. The influence of catalyst decomposition and other experimental parameters (concentration, amount of acrylonitrile used) on conversion is also demonstrated. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Cover Picture: Construction of Spiro[pyrrolidine‐3,3′‐oxindoles] − Recent Applications to the Synthesis of Oxindole Alkaloids (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 12/2003)
Authors: Marti Christiane , Carreira Erick M. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe cover picture shows a scheme with general methods for the construction of spiro[pyrrolidine‐3,3′‐oxindoles]. The background shows a part of the facade of the main building of the ETH Zürich where the words INDOLE and EXPERIMENTO are displayed. INDOLE stands for “genius” or “mental activity”, but, of course, has another “chemical” meaning in the context of the Microreview by C. Marti and E. M. Carreira on p. 2209 ff.
Optimal seismic design of steel frame buildings based on life cycle cost considerations
Authors: Liu Min , Burns Scott A. , Wen Y. K. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractA multi‐objective optimization procedure is presented for designing steel moment resisting frame buildings within a performance‐based seismic design framework. Life cycle costs are considered by treating the initial material costs and lifetime seismic damage costs as two separate objectives. Practical design/construction complexity, important but difficult to be included in initial cost analysis, is taken into due account by a proposed diversity index as another objective. Structural members are selected from a database of commercially available wide flange steel sections. Current seismic design criteria (AISC‐LRFD seismic provisions and 1997 NEHRP provisions) are used to check the validity of any design alternative. Seismic performance, in terms of the maximum inter‐storey drift ratio, of a code‐verified design is evaluated using an equivalent single‐degree‐of‐freedom system obtained through a static pushover analysis of the original multi‐degree‐of‐freedom frame building. A simple genetic algorithm code is used to find a Pareto optimal design set. A numerical example of designing a five‐storey perimeter steel frame building is provided using the proposed procedure. It is found that a wide range of valid design alternatives exists, from which a decision maker selects the one that balances different objectives in the most preferred way. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design of bilinear hysteretic isolation systems
Authors: Fragiacomo M. , Rajgelj S. , Cimadom F. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThis paper concerns the design of passive base isolation systems characterized by a bilinear hysteretic behaviour. The study refers to the case where the structure to be isolated (superstructure) vibrates according to the first mode. In this case the whole isolated structure can be modelled by a two‐degree‐of‐freedom system. The base isolation effectiveness has been evaluated for different characteristics of the device, namely mass, strength, elastic and plastic stiffness, by using mainly energetic quantities. The optimum values for the base device have been obtained by minimizing the input energy and the displacement of the superstructure. Conclusions are drawn for superstructures with a fundamental period of 0.5s, a damping ratio of 5% and for three different kinds of earthquake ground motions. The study showed that the seismic input greatly affects the behaviour of the isolated structure, and therefore the design ground motion must be carefully chosen, dependent on the characteristics of the site. A simple procedure that involves mainly linear dynamic analyses is proposed for the design of base devices used in conjunction with superstructures of any fundamental vibration period. The procedure produces good results in spite of its simplicity, and therefore it is suitable for practical use by design engineers. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental and computational verification of reasonable design formulae for base‐isolated structures
Authors: Tsai C. S. , Chen Bo‐Jen , Chiang Tsu‐Cheng 
Published: June 2003

AbstractIt is clear that base isolation is a sensible strategic design in attenuating the responses of a structural system induced by ground motions. The design of seismically isolated structures is mainly governed by the Uniform Building Code (UBC) published by the International Conference of Building Officials. The UBC code emphasizes a simple, statically equivalent design method that displacements of an isolated structure are concentrated at the isolation level. Therefore, the superstructure nearly moves as a rigid body and the design forces of elements above isolators are based on the behaviour of isolators at the design displacement. However, in the UBC code, the distribution of inertial (or lateral) forces over the height of the superstructure above isolation has been found to be too conservative for most isolated structures. In view of this, two simple and reasonable design formulae for the lateral force distribution on isolated structures have been proposed in this paper. Results obtained from a full‐scale isolated structure tested on the shaking table and numerical analyses of two additional examples verify the suitability of design formulae. It is illustrated that the proposed formulae can predict well the lateral force distribution on isolated structures during earthquakes. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental identification of the vibration modes of liquid‐filled conical tanks and validation of a numerical model
Authors: Sweedan A. M. I. , El Damatty A. A. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractTruncated conical‐shaped shells are widely used as containment vessels in elevated water tanks. In the aftermath of earthquakes, water tanks play a vital role in supplying the water needed for extinguishing fires that usually occur during these catastrophic events. As such, special attention has to be given when designing water tanks in order to assure safety and functionality of these structures during a seismic event. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this paper reports the first experimental program conducted to evaluate the dynamic characteristics of liquid‐filled flexible conical shell structures. A small‐scale aluminium conical shell model was mounted to a shaking table and subjected to a set of dynamic excitations. In the first phase of the experimental program, acceleration measurements were used to identify the first two modes of vibration. In the second experimental phase, the cos(θ)‐modes were identified through base shear and overturning moment measurements. The study was also conducted analytically using a numerical model that was previously developed by El Damatty et al. The model accounts for the effect of the added mass resulting from the developed hydrodynamic pressure through a proper fluid–structure interaction formulation. Tests conducted in the two experimental phases were simulated using this numerical model. In general, the experimental and analytical predictions of the dynamic characteristics of the tested model were in very good agreement. This provides a validation of the previously developed numerical model. The analytical model was then implemented to assess the generalized added mass of the contained fluid. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
System identification of linear structures based on Hilbert–Huang spectral analysis. Part 1: normal modes
Authors: Yang Jann N. , Lei Ying , Pan Shuwen , Huang Norden 
Published: June 2003

AbstractBased on the Hilbert–Huang spectral analysis, a method is proposed to identify multi‐degree‐of‐freedom (MDOF) linear systems using measured free vibration time histories. For MDOF systems, the normal modes have been assumed to exist. In this method, the measured response data, which are polluted by noises, are first decomposed into modal responses using the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) approach with intermittency criteria. Then, the Hilbert transform is applied to each modal response to obtain the instantaneous amplitude and phase angle time histories. A linear least‐square fit procedure is proposed to identify the natural frequency and damping ratio from the instantaneous amplitude and phase angle for each modal response. Based on a single measurement of the free vibration time history at one appropriate location, natural frequencies and damping ratios can be identified. When the responses at all degrees of freedom are measured, the mode shapes and the physical mass, damping and stiffness matrices of the structure can be determined. The applications of the proposed method are illustrated using three linear systems with different dynamic characteristics. Numerical simulation results demonstrate that the proposed system identification method yields quite accurate results, and it offers a new and effective tool for the system identification of linear structures in which normal modes exist. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural development of sucrose‐sweetened and sucrose‐free sponge cakes during baking
Authors: Baeva M. R. , Terzieva V. V. , Panchev I. N. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe influence of sucrose, wheat starch and sorbitol upon the heat‐ and mass‐exchanging processes forming the structure of sponge cake was studied. Under the influence of wheat starch and sorbitol the structure of the sucrose‐free sponge cake was formed at more uniform total moisture release. This process was done at lower temperatures and smoother change of the sponge cake height with respect to the sucrose‐sweetened sponge cake. The porous and steady structure of both cakes was finally formed at identical time – between 18th and 19th minute, at the applied conditions for baking of each batter (metal pan with diameter 15.4 cm and depth 6.2 cm containing 300 g of batter and placed in an electric oven “Rahovetz – 02”, Bulgaria for 30 min at 180°C). The water‐losses at the end of baking (10.30% and 10.40% for the sucrose‐sweetened cake and sucrose‐free cake, respectively) and the final temperatures reached in the crumb central layers (96.6°C and 96.3°C for the sucrose‐sweetened cake and sucrose‐free cake, respectively) during baking of both samples were not statistically different. The addition of wheat starch and sorbitol in sucrose‐free sponge cake lead to the statistically different values for the porosity (76.15% and 72.98%) and the volume (1014.17 cm3 and 984.25 cm3) of the sucrose‐sweetened and sucrose‐free sponge cakes, respectively. As a result, the sucrose‐free sponge cake formed during baking had a more homogeneous and finer microstructure with respect to that of the sucrose‐sweetened one.
Application of transglutaminase and fermizyme for sensory quality improvement of pastry
Authors: Hozová Bernadetta , Kukurová I. , Dodok L. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe objective of the model experiment was to find out the improving effect of two selected enzymes, transglutaminase (i) and fermizyme (ii( added at different concentrations of 4.5 mg and 7.5 mg/300 g flour (i) and 15 mg and 60 mg/300 g flour (ii) to the pastry dough on the quality of end products. The investigation was aimed to observe some changes of the sensory parameters (sensory profile) of pastry produced from the freezer‐stored dough (–18 ± 2°C/0, 1, 7, and 14 days( namely shape (camber( odour, taste, crust colour (thickness/hardness( crumb elasticity (porosity, colour, hardness( adhesiveness to palate, etc. It has been ascertained that the sensory quality is favourably affected by the addition of the lower concentration of both enzymes: transglutaminase, 4.5 mg/300 g flour and fermyzime, 15 mg/300 g flour in comparison to the control without enzymes. The cambering ratio values and other sensory profile parameters of pastry gradually decreased during the freezer storage of dough. The best sensory evaluation of both kinds of pastry was achieved after a one‐day storage of doughs.
Evaluation of the radioprotective effect of the leaf extract of Syzygium cumini (Jamun) in mice exposed to a lethal dose of γ‐irradiation
Authors: Jagetia Ganesh Chandra , Baliga Manjeshwar Shrinath 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe effects of various concentrations (5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 80 mg/kg body weight (b.wt.) of the leaf extracts of Syzygium cumini Linn. and Eugenia cumini (SCE, black plum, Jamun, family Myrtaceae) on the radiation‐induced sickness and mortality in mice exposed to 10 Gy γ‐irradiation were studied. The treatment of mice with different doses of SCE, consecutively for five days before irradation, delayed the onset of mortality and reduced the symptoms of radiation sickness when compared with the nondrug‐treated irradiated controls. All doses of SCE provied protection against the gastrointestinal death increasing the survival by 66.66% after treatment with 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg SCE versus a 12% survival in the irradiated control group (oil + irradiation). Similarly, SCE provided protection against the radiation‐induced bone marrow death in mice treated with 10–60 mg/kg b.wt. of SCE. However, the best protection was obtained for 30 mg/kg b.wt. SCE, where the number of survivors after 30 days post‐irradiation was highest (41.66%) when compared with the other doses of SCE.
Influence of solvents on the antioxidant property of flavonoids
Authors: Finotti Enrico , Di Majo D. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractIn polyphenols redox systems, the solvent plays a fundamental role in the chemical behaviour of these compounds. Antioxidants can react in different ways with the prooxidant molecules. We have found differences in the antioxidant capacity of flavonoids such as naringin, neohesperidin, neoericitrin, hesperidin, narirutin didymin and the related flavones naringenin, hesperetin eriodictyol and isosakuratenin, when they are in the presence of radicals and solved in water or in an alcohol mixture.
Using capillary isotachophoresis for the determination of biogenic amines and D‐isocitric acid in food products
Authors: Karovičová Jolana , Kohajdová Z. , Šimko P. , Lukáčová D. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThis paper presents results achieved in the determination of biogenic amines in various food products and quality evaluation of some commercial orange juices by capillary isotachophoresis. The highest amount of histamine was determined in frankfurters (146.75 mg·kg–1); the content of tyramine was either under detection limit of method or it was present in very low concentrations. The highest amount of cadaverine was determined in Karička cheese (666.36 mg·kg–1). The limit of determination was 1.59 mg·kg–1 for histamine and 1.25 mg·kg–1 for tyramine. The recovery of method ranged from 95.4 to 104.9%. Surprisingly it was found that many organge juice samples did not reach required values according to the Code of Practice. The lowest ratio of citric to D‐isocitric acids was found in Happy day juice (44.1). Limit of determination was 1.62 mg·dm–3 for citric acid and 2.00 mg·dm–3 for D‐isocitric acid. The recovery of the method ranged from 89 to 96.5%.
Proteolytic degradation of ewe milk proteins during fermentation of yoghurts and storage
Authors: El‐Zahar K. , Chobert Jean‐Marc , Sitohy M. , Dalgalarrondo M. , Haertlé T. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractYoghurts are mostly produced from cow milk and to a very limited extent from ewe milk. The evolution of caseins and whey proteins in ovine milk submitted to different thermal treatments (63°C/30 min; 73°C/15 min; 85°C/10 min or 96°C/5 min) was followed during fermentation of yoghurts and during their storage up to 14 days, using two different sets of starters. One set of starter LAB was a “ropy” culture (YC‐191( which is a well‐defined mixed strain culture containing Streptococcus thermophilus ST‐143 and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (LB‐18 and LB‐CH2). The other set of starter bacteria (YC‐460) was a standard yoghurt culture (“non‐ropy”) containing mixed strain culture of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. Contents of free amino groups in produced yoghurts increased gradually during the fermentation, up to a maximal value obtained after 4 h fermentation, then they did not change significantly during storage of yoghurt produced with YC‐191 starter. In contrary, a large drop in the amount of free amino groups was observed in the first 24 h of storage in the case of yoghurt made with YC‐460 indicating that microorganisms continue still to grow in low temperatures. During fermentation and storage of both yoghurt types, α‐lactalbumin was hydrolyzed to a slightly bigger extent than β‐lactoglobulin. During fermentation, β‐casein was slightly more degraded than αS‐caseins; however, the opposite was observed during storage up to 14 days. Generally, a more intense heat pretreatment led to a higher degradation of whey proteins and caseins during fermentation and storage. Differences in proteolytic activity between the two starters used (whey proteins more degraded by YC‐191; caseins more degraded by YC‐460) may lead to improvement in production and formulation of yoghurts differing in their physicochemical and rheological properties.