bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Nobleman
Authors: Ryrie Alec 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The case seemed like a juicy but straightforward scandal. All the ingredients were there: aristocracy, lust, envy, attempted murder, and the mighty brought suddenly low. In September 1546, Henry, Lord Neville, the eldest son and heir of the earl of Westmorland, was accused of conspiring to murder his wife and his father. The nature of the proposed murders was more sensational still. Lord Henry, it was claimed, was relying not on the nobility’s traditional methods (poison, anonymous ruffians in the street) but on malevolent magic. King Henry VIII’s principal secretary, Sir William Paget, called it an ‘unnatural and inhuman enterprise’ and took personal charge of the investigation. The young nobleman was thrown into London’s Fleet Prison, a rare celebrity in such a dank and fetid place. From there, he wrote a series of desperate letters to Paget, pleading to be spared the penalty which his alleged crimes carried: death by hanging as a common felon.
The Preacher
Authors: Ryrie Alec 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The last thread of this story leads us out of the secret worlds of Tudor England into the glare of publicity and of historical attention. The sixteenth century was defined, in its own eyes as well as in ours, by the traumatic religious convulsion which we call the Reformation. It is a neat word for a set of events which were by turns exhilarating, appalling, frightening, and (above all) confusing for those who lived through them. It is usually remembered as the point at which England abandoned its traditional Catholicism in favour of the novelty called Protestantism—a transition which is often seen as a movement from superstition to rationality, or from authoritarianism to liberalism. It did not seem quite like that to those who lived through it. GregoryWisdom’s exploits might at first sight seem to have little to do with religion, but the Reformation provided more than the context in which he lived. He will introduce us to a side of the Reformation which is not so familiar, and help us to see the religious upheavals of the sixteenth century in a new light.
The Killer Trail
Authors: Taithe Bertrand 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Killer Trail tells the tale of one of the most notorious atrocities to take place during the European ‘scramble for Africa’, a real life story of insane violence in the heart of an exotic continent that eerily prefigures fictional accounts such as The Heart of Darkness and Apocalypse Now. The Voulet-Chanoine mission left Dakar in 1898 for the centre of Africa and the region of Lake Chad with the aim of establishing effective borders between the French and British empires while ‘pacifying’ a notoriously belligerent region. Wreaking havoc as it went along, the mission degenerated into an extraordinary display of colonial violence and cruelty, leaving a trail of pillage, murder, and enslavement of the local inhabitants in its wake. When the story of its outrages reached Paris in 1899 there was a public uproar and a second mission was dispatched to investigate. Eventually, on July 14 1899, the two missions met and confronted each other in a dramatic shootout, which led Voulet and Chanoine to declare their independence from France and their desire to establish an African kingdom under their own rule. But their mad dreams of kingship were soon cut short when they fell prey to a mutiny among the African soldiers under their command in which they were both killed. The whole bizarre tale of Voulet and Chanoine’s mission sharply divided opinion back home in France but was eventually explained away as the action of two deranged minds. Yet, as Bertrand Taithe shows, it was not simply a tale of individual insanity. In many ways, the actions of Voulet and Chanoine and their men simply took the violence of European colonialism to a logical extreme, while the way in which the whole affair was soon forgotten is highly revealing of western attitudes to imperial excess in Africa and elsewhere.
Officers and Gentlemen?
Authors: Taithe Bertrand 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Albert Baratier, who wrote in 1913 a series of anecdotes on the colonial conquest, was representative of that generation of colonial officers who had chosen to serve in the empire. In an aboutturn, the image of the colonial officer had changed from being sloppy and less gifted of men described in Chapter 2 to that of the salt-of-the-earth. They claimed to embody a colonial spirit, a culture and attitude to the world that would match the civilizing mission assigned to them. Yet on closer examination the colonial world proved to be less a character-forming school for the new men France needed than a dysfunctional society ruled and divided by conflicting ambitions.
The Firm’s Normative Environment—Enabler Or Constraint?
Authors: Mayson Stephen 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The failure of some law firms to implement their agreed strategy is not, in my view, simply a matter of lawyers’ inherent conservatism and resistance to change. It is more often the result of inconsistency between strategic intent and strategic action. There is a difference between the strategy that partners are prepared to vote for (usually the result of analysis and rational debate) and what they are prepared to do day-by-day to implement it (which in my experience often has more to do with emotional commitment, comfort, confidence, and performance assessment). In other words, partners will vote for something that appears logical and rational, and appeals to their intellect, but will not implement it because it requires them to change their attitudes, behaviour, or working practices.
The Implications of Valuation: Sharing The Returns
Authors: Mayson Stephen 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Valuation requires the attribution of economic income to the firm, after rewarding its human capital. This potentially becomes problematic in a law firm because equity partners have historically taken all of the net profit without distinguishing their returns as workers and as owners. But in a world where there will be owners and investors who are not practising lawyers, the distinction becomes crucial. Paying too much for lawyers as workers will reduce the firm’s income, its valuation, and the return to owners and investors (whether lawyers or not). This illustrates the likely tension (see also paragraphs 12.3.5 and 14.4.3) between an individual and the firm that can undermine the ability of the firm to appropriate income for itself (as a return to collective rather than individual productivity).
Aligning Strategy and Performance
Authors: Mayson Stephen 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This book has considered in depth the basis on which strategy can be formulated for a law firm. It has emphasised the importance of the firm’s normative environment in both the selection and implementation of strategy (chapter 5). It has also emphasised the benefits of adopting an external perspective in assessing its strength and future—particularly if there is a wish to achieve an exit route based on a favourable valuation of the firm. In this sense, aligning strategy with performance is an essential component of achieving a realised strategy.
General Insurance Principles
Authors: Hogarth Robert 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Insurance law, like construction law, is a subset of contract law. Insurance contracts are therefore primarily governed by well-known contractual principles such as offer, acceptance, performance and breach but with some important variations, eg the meaning and effect of warranty and the duty of utmost good faith. In an insurance contract one party (the ‘Insurer’) promises in return for a money consideration (the ‘premium’) to pay either money or some corresponding benefit to, or for the benefit of, the other party (the ‘Insured’) upon the occurrence of one or more specified event(s). There must be some uncertainty as to whether the event will happen or, at least, as to the time at which it will happen.3 In other words, it must be an event outside the parties’ control.
Consultants ‘ Professional Indemnity Insurance For Engineers
Authors: Hogarth Robert 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the type of cover afforded to engineers under a typical professional indemnity policy. The analysis set out below is based on a typical standard wording that applies to engineers. It is important to note, however, that the wording for any professional’s policy may vary widely from what is set out in this chapter, depending upon the Insurers from whom they are seeking insurance and/or the broker who is acting on their behalf. It is therefore important always to check the terms of the relevant policy and schedule to see whether the standard terms set out below apply to that particular professional.
Product Liability Insurance Policies
Authors: Hogarth Robert 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Product liability policies respond to legal liabilities to third parties incurred as a result of defective products. They cover: death and bodily injury; damage to property. Product liability policies normally do not cover: loss caused by negligent designs, plans, specifications or advice (see professional indemnity, chapters 8 to 11 above); the cost of recalling defective products from the market (see product recall, chapter 13 below); the cost of repairing or replacing the defective product itself (policies which provide this type of cover are known as product guarantee policies, see below at para 12.85); pure financial loss, that is to say financial loss which is not consequent on death, bodily injury or damage to property (this type of cover may be available as an extension to the product liability cover, see below at para 12.82).
Standard Form Subcontracts
Authors: Hogarth Robert 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter addresses the obligations to take out policies of insurance that are found in the following standard form subcontracts: In some cases, the insurance obligations of the parties under these standard form subcontracts are related to the insurance provisions in the corresponding standard form contract between Employer and Contractor. For example, clause 36 of the JCT Major Project Subcontract refers to insurance taken out pursuant to clause 33 of the JCT Major Project Construction Contract. Potential subcontractors are advised to consider the terms of the contract between the Employer and Contractor before entering into the subcontract. They may find that they should already be insured against certain risks under the terms of the main contract.
Value Added Tax (Vat)
Authors: Hogarth Robert 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The EC Directive of 28 November 2006 provides exemption from VAT for: insurance and reinsurance transactions; and related services performed by insurance brokers and insurance agents. Outside these express exemptions, when considering an insurance claim, it is important to establish who is receiving supplies made the subject of the insurance claim. This will determine who has the right to recover any VAT charged on those supplies as input tax. There are a number of possible situations. So far as the construction industry is ordinarily concerned the rules for VAT in summary are: a) Insurance premiums are not subject to VAT but carry Insurance Premium Tax at a lesser rate (currently 5 per cent).
Insurance Distribution And Regulation
Authors: Hogarth Robert 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Much of the insurance business undertaken in the UK is done in London, hence the term ‘London Insurance Market’. This is composed of insurance companies that make up the Companies Market and syndicates underwriting insurance at Lloyd’s of London, the Lloyd’s market. The way in which the parties to an insurance contract interrelate is very similar for companies and Lloyd ‘s syndicates, although the internal structures and regulatory requirements differ.
Collateral Warranties
Authors: Hogarth Robert 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The purpose of a collateral warranty (including duty of care letters) is to create a contractual relationship between contractors or professional advisers and a third party who is not their client. In most cases, the contractual relationship is designed to replicate for the benefit of the third party the contractual duties and obligations that the contractors/professional advisers owed their direct client. Collateral warranties in favour of purchasers, end-users, funders, guarantors, and tenants have been a feature of the construction industry for many years. Their usage came to prominence following the seminal decision in the case of Murphy v Brentwood District Council where the House of Lords held that, in the absence of a contractual duty of care, there was no general duty of care in tort not to cause ‘pure economic’ loss (namely, a loss arising from damage to the building or structure itself as a consequence of defective design or manufacture, as opposed to damage caused to something other than the building itself ). For a lengthier exposition on this see paras 26.16 and 26.26 below.
Professional Liabilities In Tort
Authors: Hogarth Robert 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the usual course of events, a client who wishes to sue professional advisors will allege some breach of the professional’s duty to act with the reasonable skill and care expected of members of their profession. Normally the duty will have arisen under a contract. However there may arise a situation in which there was no contract or time for bringing a claim in contract has expired. The client may still be left with a claim in tort and in fact a claim in tort is customarily pleaded even when the contractual remedy is still available. This chapter addresses the liability of construction professionals in tort.
The Limits of Affection
Authors: Folbre Nancy 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The American Declaration of Independence came to light the same year as Smith’s Wealth of Nations. It proclaimed men’s right to happiness, as well as life and liberty, describing the pursuit of self-interest as a natural virtue. The colonists pronounced that they had come of age and outgrown the yoke of royal authority. Their English supporters hailed the new revolution as evidence that light and knowledge were gaining ground. The task of constitutional design would focus on the task outlined by Montesquieu—a system of checks and balances that would prevent one group from imposing its will upon another. A good society, like a good clock, would regulate itself. The founding fathers of the new republic preached not just the ideals but also the assumptions of the Enlightenment. Political victory and economic progress would flow from the virtues of Christian love combined with individual initiative.
Monetary Policy
Authors: Bofinger Peter , Reischle Julian , Schӓchter Andrea 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This book provides an in-depth description and analysis of monetary policy in Europe and the United States. Unusually for a volume in the field, it focuses on actual monetary policy - targets, institutions, strategies, and instruments - but traditional and contemporary theoretical approaches to monetary policy form the basis for each chapter. Concentrating specifically on the European Central Bank, "Monetary Policy" offers one of the first comprehensive guides to understanding the targets, strategy, and instruments of the ECB. In the past, many books have presented mere descriptions of the institutional framework without providing a theoretical framework, while others have dealt mainly with theoretical aspects, thus neglecting the policy implications of their analysis. By combining a theoretical with a policy-oriented approach, Peter Bofinger succeeds in closing this gap in the monetary policy literature. As a result, his book will appeal to a broad readership, including investment bankers and other professional investors, central bankers, and scholars working in the field.
Strategies (‘Simple Rules’) for a Stability-Oriented Monetary Policy
Authors: Bofinger Peter , Reischle Julian , Schachter Andrea 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the present chapter we are looking at a central bank which by its statute is obliged to pursue price stability as its main goal, but which is left with a sufficient discretion to cope with supply and demand shocks. Using the terminology of Chapter 6, we can say that it is constrained by an exogenous final target rule,1 which by its very nature is not very binding, and can determine intermediate targets, operating targets, and instruments at its own discretion. We also assume that the central bank legislation provides the decision-makers at the central bank with a high degree of goal, instrument, and personal independence (see Chapter 7).
The Instruments of Monetary Policy
Authors: Bofinger Peter , Reischle Julian , Schachter Andrea 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
It is obvious that the monetary policy instruments have to be designed in such a way as to allow an efficient realization above all of the operating targets. If this is done, the operating targets can be set according to the ‘simple rules’ discussed in Chapter 9 or according to the values that have been calculated with elaborate macroeconomic models. We have seen that, with the exception of McCallum’s rule (see Section 8.6.3.2), in all ‘simple rules’ the short-term interest rate is regarded as the only operating target. This also applies to the more sophisticated approach of inflation forecasts which has been proposed by Svensson (1999b).
Completing China’s Move to the Market
Authors: Perkins Dwight 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
China’s economic reform process officially began with the Communist Party Plenum of December 1978. From the outset, China’s reforms differed markedly from those of eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States. China was exhausted from 20 years of dealing with Mao’s messianic visions, but it was in no sense ready for revolution. There was nothing comparable to eastern Europe’s desire to be like western Europe, the sooner the better. China faced no economic crisis that required immediate and fundamental change, only dissatisfaction with the pace of existing growth, a dissatisfaction fueled in part by increasing awareness of the far better economic performances of China’s immediate neighbours. The Communist Party held all of the important reins of power both in 1978 and 15 years later. Where Deng Xiaoping differed from his predecessors was in the strength of his desire to turn China into a wealthy and powerful state and his lack of interest in Maoist ideas of a new kind of society where such things as material incentives would play little or no role. But Deng and his associates had no economic reform blueprint.
China’s Industrial Growth and Efficiency: a comparison between the state and the TVE sectors
Authors: Huang Yiping , Meng Xin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
China has experienced two rounds of industrialisation -a Soviet-style, heavy industry-oriented industrialisation in the pre-reform period and an East Asian-type, labour-intensive manufacturing¬ oriented industrialisation during the reform period. As a result, two major industrial sectors¬ the state and the rural township and village enterprises (TVE)-have been successively established over the last four decades.
Challenges of China’s Economic System for Economic Theory
Authors: Chow Gregory C 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The challenges of the market economy in China for economic theory touch on four topics: private versus public ownership of assets, Western legal systems versus Eastern semiformal legal systems, individualism versus the collective good, and multiparty versus one-party political systems. I came in contact with these issues while advising the government of Taiwan in the 1960s and 1970s, and the government of mainland China in the 1980s and 1990s (see Chow 1994:Ch. 4-5). Others have studied these issues as scholars, including Patrick Bolton (1990), Bolton and Philippe Aghion (1992), Masahiko Aoki and Hyung-Ki Kim (1995), and Oliver Hart (1995).
Tax Incentives for Export Promotion, 1953–1964
Authors: Ishi Hiromitsu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Exports have played a vital role in Japan’s economic performance throughout the post-war period. In terms of balance-of-payments, a sharp contrast can be observed between the growth of the Japanese economy during the years leading up to the early 1970s and the years since then. In the latter period, Japan’s exports continued to increase rapidly, leading to huge current-account surpluses and a widening trade imbalance with much of the world. By contrast, for a decade and a half following the early 1950s, Japan suffered chronic trade deficits and a shortage of foreign exchange reserves. Particular attention is paid here to the earlier period, when the balance-of- payments situation was perceived as limiting economic expansion.
The Political Economy of French Decline
Authors: Whatmore Richard 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Exiled from France after the Bourbon restoration, the aged arch-priest of physiocracy, Pierre-Samuel Dupont de Nemours, spent his journey across the Atlantic analysing the second edition of Jean-Baptiste Say’s Traite d’economie politique (Paris, 1814). From the schooner Fingal, on 22 April 1815, he sent a detailed critique to Say in Paris. It is one of the most candid and revealing documents in the annals of French political economy Dupont began by lamenting the dearth of disciples for what he dubbed Quesnay’s science of political economy, and the vicious ridicule directed at the physiocratic movement, particularly by Say’s ‘satire’ in the Traite. Nevertheless, Dupont retained the hope of converting Say to the old cause, and sought to combat despair by trying to force Say to recognize that he too was an economiste.
Revolution and the Political Economy Of Terror
Authors: Whatmore Richard 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In a letter to Etienne Dumont of 5 March 1829 Say modestly recalled his work on the Courrier de Provence by means of a contrast with what he considered to be the more meaningful labour of Bentham’s famous translator: “I remember that while you were advising Mirabeau all that I did was to receive subscriptions/1 Although we know little about Say’s role in the production of the Courier, there is evidence to suggest that his subsequent recollection was disingenuous. Successive advertisements in the pages of the journal show that by 1790 Say was responsible for running the office in which it was produced. Furthermore, the founders of La Decade philosophique in 1794 made Say the editor-in-chief of that journal in part because of the breadth of his experience at the Courier. Most important of all, Say’s aim was to make a contribution to the intellectual controversies of the Revolution. His first pamphlet, De la liberte de la presse, appeared in November 1789; in the early 1790s he was working on a translation of Helen-Maria William’s Letters on Switzerland and a French edition of Benjamin Franklin’s The Way to Wealth, or Poor Richard Saunders.