bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Cervical Adenitis: A Ten‐Year Retrospective Review
Authors: Panesar Jaswinder , Higgins Kevin , Daya Hamid , Forte Vito , Allen Upton 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjective To review the authors' institutional experience with nontuberculous mycobacterial cervical adenitis in children over a 10‐year period.Study Design Retrospective chart review.Methods The case histories of 79 children with nontuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis who presented to a large tertiary care referral center from 1989 to 1999 were retrospectively analyzed, and the demographics, clinical presentation, methods of diagnosis, and types of surgical intervention they underwent were reported.Results The mean age at presentation was 3.6 years. The male‐to‐female ratio was 1:2, and the frequency of presentation was highest in the winter and spring months. The diagnosis was not immediately apparent to most primary health care physicians because there was a delay between the appearance of the lump and referral for treatment, which was in excess of 8 weeks. Involved nodes were mainly treated surgically. The recurrence rate of complete surgical resection was less than 1%.Conclusion The study highlights the fact that a high index of clinical suspicion is needed to make an early diagnosis of nontuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis and lends further weight to the already existing evidence that surgical excision remains the mainstay of successful treatment for lymphadenitis caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria.
Quality of Life Assessment in Nonmelanoma Cervicofacial Skin Cancer
Authors: Rhee John S. , Loberiza Fausto R. , Matthews B. Alex , Neuburg Marcy , Smith Timothy L. , Burzynski Mary 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis Health‐related quality of life (QOL) assessment of patients with nonmelanoma skin cancer is poorly understood. The objectives of the study were to determine the general QOL of patients with cervicofacial skin cancer and to identify patient, clinical, and preventive behavior variables associated with patients' QOL.Study Design Cross‐sectional study of 121 consecutive patients (65 female and 56 male patients) presenting to a dermatological Mohs surgery clinic with nonmelanoma skin cancer of the head and neck.Methods Quality of life assessment was performed before counseling or treatment. Measures included the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36‐item Health Survey (SF‐36) and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–General (FACT‐G).Results Both instruments demonstrated good internal consistency as measured by Cronbach's alpha (SF‐36, α = 0.45–0.91; FACT‐G, α = 0.61–0.90). The SF‐36 scores were similar to historical norms. Bivariate analysis indicated significant correlation coefficients between QOL and patients' coexisting illnesses and medical risk factors. Sun‐protective behaviors were associated with better QOL. The relationship appeared to be minimally influenced by patients' sociodemographic characteristics and disease‐related variables (size, location, extent).Conclusions Sun‐protective behaviors were positively associated with certain QOL subscale scores in the population in the study. General QOL instruments demonstrated minimal impact of nonmelanoma skin cancer on patients at initial diagnosis. However, general measures may not be sensitive to the impact of nonmelanoma skin cancer. The development of a more disease‐specific instrument may be necessary to evaluate this disease process.
Interleukin‐1 Facilitates Airway Epithelial Migration in Response to Injury
Authors: Hicks Wesley , Hall Leon A. , Tristram Debra A. , Gardella Joseph A. , Bright Frank V. , Hard Robert , Sigurdson Lynn 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjective To test the hypothesis that interleukin (IL)‐1 plays a permissive role in respiratory epithelial cell migration and proliferation.Study Design Primary cultures of porcine respiratory epithelial cells or tracheal organ explants were cultured in the presence or absence of function‐blocking antibodies to IL‐1. Areas of epithelial cell outgrowth were determined in control and antibody‐treated organ explants daily for 4 days. At intervals, cultured cells were collected for cell counting and viability determination. Time course and dose–response curves were constructed for control and antibody‐treated groups.Results Interleukin‐1 secretion into culture supernatants increased sharply from days 3 to 7. Outgrowths from tracheal explants were reduced by greater than 60% by single antibody treatment, and by over 90% by treatment with antibodies to both IL‐1α and ‐1β by day 4 of culture. Function‐blocking antibodies to IL‐1 significantly reduced cell number by day 7 of culture.Conclusions Interleukin‐1 is produced by respiratory epithelial cells in culture during log phase growth and plays a permissive role in cell migration and proliferation.
Ear, Nose and Throat Disorders in Children With Down Syndrome
Authors: Mitchell Ron B. , Call Ellen , Kelly James 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo document the reasons for which children with Down syndrome were referred to a pediatric otolaryngology practice, the underlying causes for these referrals, and the complications of routine surgical therapy.Study DesignThe study is a retrospective review of children referred to the Pediatric Otolaryngology Clinic at the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center (Albuquerque, NM) during a period of 2.5 years.MethodsData were collected on 55 parameters related to ethnicity, demographics, diagnosis, surgical therapy, complications, and systemic comorbid conditions.ResultsThe ethnicity of the study population was predominantly Hispanic or Latino (62%). The majority of children (76%) were referred for upper airway obstruction. Obstructive sleep apnea and laryngomalacia were the most common disorders in these children. An otological disorder was diagnosed in 70% of the children. Complications occurred after 27% of procedures for insertion of pressure equalization (PE) tubes to treat recurrent otitis media. Systemic comorbid conditions were present in 93% of the children, and the most common was gastroesophageal reflux disease.ConclusionsObstructive sleep apnea and laryngomalacia were the most common reasons for referral of children with Down syndrome. Routine surgical procedures that required general anesthesia caused complications that are not common in other children. Treatment for systemic comorbid conditions should be considered as a component of therapy for otolaryngological disorders in children with Down syndrome.
Endoscopic Reconstruction of Anterior and Middle Cranial Fossa Defects Using Acellular Dermal Allograft
Authors: Lorenz Robert R. , Dean Robert L. , Hurley Daniel B. , Chuang James , Citardi Martin J. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjective To report our experience in reconstructing defects of the anterior and middle cranial fossa skull base using endoscopic placement of acellular dermal allograft (AlloDerm, LifeCell Corp., The Woodlands, TX).Study Design Retrospective chart review.Methods In all cases, the skull base repair was completed with a similar technique. After identification of the defect boundaries, endoscopic transnasal repair was performed through placement of a layered reconstruction of acellular dermal allograft, septal bone/cartilage, and acellular dermal allograft, which were all placed on the intracranial side of the defect. A mucosal free graft was draped over the reconstruction. Fibrin glue was used to hold the mucosal graft in place, and the reconstruction was supported by both absorbable and nonabsorbable nasal packing.Results Eight patients with nine skull base defects underwent the procedure for repair of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. All defects were successfully repaired. One patient underwent successful reconstruction of bilateral ethmoid roof defects that resulted from endoscopic resection of ethmoid adenocarcinoma. Twenty‐four patients underwent primary resection of hypophyseal adenomas. Twenty‐three patients had macroadenomas, and intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leaks were noted in 11 patients. Sellar repairs after trans‐sphenoidal hypophysectomy were successful in 22 of 24 patients. One patient with hypophysectomy required reoperation (1 of 24 [4%]) for secondary closure of a cerebrospinal fluid leak. Serious complications were avoided in all patients. Patients were followed for a period ranging from 5 to 57 months (mean period, 34 mo).Conclusions Acellular dermal allograft can be successfully used for the reconstruction of anterior and middle cranial fossa skull base defects. This allograft, which is easy to manipulate endoscopically, provides an effective seal and barrier in skull base reconstruction and avoids the need for a donor site.
Characterization of Vocal Fold Scarring in a Canine Model
Authors: Rousseau Bernard , Hirano Shigeru , Scheidt Troy D. , Welham Nathan V. , Thibeault Susan L. , Chan Roger W. , Bless Diane M. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjective The objective was to assess the histological and viscoelastic shear tissue properties of the scarred vocal fold lamina propria at 2 and 6 months postoperatively in a canine model.Study Design Experimental, nonrandomized prospective study.Methods Six canine larynges were injured using a vocal fold stripping procedure. At 2 and 6 months postoperatively, histological analyses of the scarred and control lamina propria samples were completed for collagen, procollagen, elastin, and hyaluronic acid.Results In canines killed at 2 months, scarred tissue samples contained increased procollagen and decreased elastin. Elastin fibers in the scarred lamina propria were characteristically tangled and disorganized. In canines killed at 6 months, scarred tissue samples showed decreased elastin and increased collagen. Collagen fibers formed thick, disorganized bundles, and elastin fibers were disorganized throughout the entire scarred vocal fold lamina propria. Viscoelastic shear tissue measurements revealed increased stiffness and viscosity in one of three cases at 2 months and in all three cases at 6 months, indicating increased stiffness and resistance to shear flow during oscillatory shear deformation for scarred tissue samples. No differences were observed between the two postoperative times.Conclusions Results indicated that viscoelastic tissue changes may take place before scar maturation in the scarred vocal fold lamina propria and that, although abundant collagen deposition may influence viscoelastic shear tissue properties, disorganization of collagen and elastin fibers, thick bundle collagen formation, or the interplay of several of these factors might also play a contributing role.
Functional Results After External Vocal Fold Medialization Thyroplasty With the Titanium Vocal Fold Medialization Implant
Authors: Schneider Berit , Denk Doris‐Maria , Bigenzahn Wolfgang 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis A persistent insufficiency of glottal closure is mostly a consequence of a unilateral vocal fold movement impairment. It can also be caused by vocal fold atrophy or scarring processes with regular bilateral respiratory vocal fold function. Because of consequential voice, breathing, and swallowing impairments, a functional surgical treatment is required. The goal of the study was to outline the functional results after medialization thyroplasty with the titanium vocal fold medialization implant according to Friedrich.Methods In the period of 1999 to 2001, an external vocal fold medialization using the titanium implant was performed on 28 patients (12 women and 16 men). The patients were in the age range of 19 to 84 years. Twenty‐two patients had a paralysis of the left‐side vocal fold, and six patients, of the right‐side vocal fold. Detailed functional examinations were executed on all patients before and after the surgery: perceptive voice sound analysis according to the “roughness, breathiness, and hoarseness” method, judgment of the s/z ratio and voice dysfunction index, voice range profile measurements, videostroboscopy, and pulmonary function tests. In case of dysphagia/aspiration, videofluoroscopy of swallowing was also performed. The respective data were statistically analyzed (paired t test, Wilcoxon‐test).Results All patients reported on improvement of voice, swallowing, and breathing functions postoperatively. Videostroboscopy revealed an almost complete glottal closure after surgery in all of the patients. All voice‐related parameters showed a significant improvement. An increase of the laryngeal resistance by the medialization procedure could be excluded by analysis of the pulmonary function test.Conclusions The results confirm the external medialization of the vocal folds as an adequate method in the therapy of voice, swallowing, and breathing impairment attributable to an insufficient glottal closure. The titanium implant offers, apart from good tissue tolerability, the advantage of an easy, time‐saving, and individually adjustable application during the operation.
The Incudostapedial Joint Angle: Implications for Stapes Surgery Prosthesis Selection and Crimping
Authors: Skinner Margaret , Honrado Carlo , Prasad Mukesh , Kent H. Nelson , Selesnick Samuel H. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjective To evaluate the role of the incudostapedial joint (ISJ) angle in stapes prosthesis size selection and crimping.Methods The ISJ of 13 cadaveric human temporal bones were photographed, then measured using computer‐aided design software. The relationship of ISJ angle to prosthesis length was modeled. A literature review evaluated factors contributing to stapedectomy failure.Results The mean ISJ angle was 93.0° (SD = 8.3°) (range, 75.0°–104.0°). The mean ISJ angle deviation from 90° was 7.35° (SD = 4.45°) (range, 0.3°–15.0°). The mean distance along the incus accessible for prosthesis placement was 3.21 mm (SD = 0.55 mm) (range, 2.00–4.00 mm).Conclusions Significant deviation of the ISJ angle from 90° was found (P <.0001). The length along the incus accessible for prosthesis placement was sufficient to result in errors in prosthesis size selection and crimping with only small variations in the ISJ angle. Incorrect prosthesis sizing and crimping are frequently associated with stapedectomy failure. Variations in ISJ anatomy should be considered when selecting stapes prostheses lengths and may affect crimping technique.
Pneumatization of Turbinates
Authors: Braun Hannes , Stammberger Heinz 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjectives To present unusual computed tomography (CT) findings concerning huge pneumatization of turbinates and paranasal sinuses in one patient. In current world literature the authors only found nine reports of pneumatization of inferior turbinates, which, therefore, must be considered an extremely rare anatomical finding.Study Design Case report and literature review.Methods Computed tomography findings in a 35‐year‐old white woman with nasal obstruction are presented; and the authors describe this additional case of pneumatization of an inferior turbinate, as well as other variants. The literature and nomenclature are reviewed.Results Besides the rare anatomical finding of a pneumatized inferior turbinate, in addition, both patient middle and superior turbinates were pneumatized bilaterally. Frontal and sphenoid sinuses were huge, with pneumatization of the crista galli and the posterior parts of the septum. The floor of the orbit presented with an orbitoethmoid (Haller) cell on one side. Thus, five of the six turbinates present were pneumatized. To the authors' knowledge, no other case of such extreme pneumatization has been published in world literature to date.Conclusions Whereas pneumatization of the ethmoturbinals is a frequent finding on sinus computed tomography scans, pneumatization of the maxilloturbinal remains an extremely rare anatomical variant. Pneumatization of ethmoid cells and secondary sinuses is considered an active achievement of nasal and sinus mucosa during fetal development and adolescence. The underlying mechanisms of this process are not yet understood. The inferior turbinate is the least likely to present with pneumatization. In clinical practice, the pneumatization status should well be studied on the scans before any sinus and turbinate surgery is undertaken.
A Possible Role of Helicobacter pylori in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Özdek Ali , Çirak Meltem Yalinay , Samįm Erdal , Bayiz Ünal , Safak Mustafa Asim , Turet Sevgi 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjective The objective was to investigate the presence of Helicobacter pylori with polymerase chain reaction in the sinonasal mucosa of patients with or without chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).Study Design A prospective clinical trial.Methods Mucosal tissue samples were collected from ethmoid cells of 12 patients with CRS and the removed mucosal part of the middle concha of 13 patients with concha bullosa who were treated surgically in our institution. DNA extracted from these samples was used for the amplification of 16S ribosomal RNA gene of H pylori by nested polymerase chain reaction.Results Helicobacter pylori DNA was detected in 4 of 12 patients with CRS, but it was not detected in patients with concha bullosa. Three of four patients with positive results for H pylori had gastroesophageal reflux–related complaints.Conclusions It is possible to detect H pylori in the sinus mucosa of some patients with CRS. However, whether H pylori is a causative agent for CRS or a result of CRS is not known.
The Role of Laser Vascular Targeting and Retinoic Acid in Oral Cancer Inhibition
Authors: Polavaram Raju , Fuentes Cesar F. , Shapshay Stanley M. , Wang Zhi 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis The study examines the role of the pulsed‐dye laser at 585 nm, coupled with retinoic acid at therapeutic dose of 5.0 mg/kg body weight, in inhibiting chemically induced tumor growth in the hamster cheek pouch to determine whether pulsed‐dye laser therapy can inhibit tumor growth and whether a combination of pulsed‐dye laser and retinoic acid has a synergic effect on treatment efficacy.Study Design Randomized, prospective study of hamster model.Methods Forty‐eight male golden Syrian hamsters were painted with 0.5% solution of 9,10‐dimethyl‐1,2‐benzanthracene in acetone for 6 weeks to induce dysplasia in both sides of the cheek pouches. The hamsters were then randomly divided into four groups of 12 hamsters each as follows: (1) control group, (2) pulsed‐dye laser treatment only (8.0 J/cm2 and two pulses), (3) retinoic acid treatment only (5.0 mg/kg/d by intraperitoneal injection), and (4) combined pulsed‐dye laser and retinoic acid treatment. The treatment period was 40 days. Tumors were measured throughout the study.Results The results indicated that retinoic acid and pulsed‐dye laser each significantly delay tumor growth and reduce tumor volume when used alone. Tumor volumes were statistically different among the treatment groups. There was also a statistical difference in tumor volume between the retinoic acid treatment group and the combined pulsed‐dye laser and retinoic acid treatment group.Conclusions The study demonstrated the greater advantage of combining pulsed‐dye laser with retinoic acid over using either retinoic acid or pulsed‐dye laser alone for delay of oral cancer progression. Clinical trials are warranted to establish efficacy in humans.
Functional Outcomes Following Nonsurgical Treatment for Advanced‐Stage Laryngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Meleca Robert J. , Dworkin James Paul , Kewson Danny T. , Stachler Robert J. , Hill Samuel L. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjectives Objectives were 1) to provide comprehensive evaluations of functional outcomes using perceptual and objective measures of patients treated nonsurgically for stages III and IV laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and 2) to propose a standard battery of tests that can be used for appraising functional outcomes in this patient population.Study Design Retrospective study of 14 patients.Methods Perceptual measures of voice were obtained using blinded expert listener impression ratings and a validated quality of life questionnaire (Voice Handicap Index). Objective data included acoustic, speech aerodynamic, and videostroboscopic evaluations. Patients were also assessed relative to stability of the airway, secretion control, and ability to tolerate oral diet without aspiration symptoms.Results Patients demonstrated functional but abnormal voice, speech, and swallowing abilities after treatment. More specifically, patients were judged to have moderately deviant biomechanical findings on videostroboscopy that did not improve with longer time intervals after treatment. These findings helped to explain the moderately abnormal acoustic and aerodynamic measurements revealing high values for jitter, shimmer, noise, airflow, glottal resistance, and subglottal pressures and substantially lower than normal maximum phonation times. Expert listeners were in agreement with the objective findings. However, patients rated themselves as only mildly impaired with regard to the emotional, physical, and functional handicapping effects of treatment, difficulties that were judged to improve with longer time intervals after treatment. Swallowing function showed a trend toward improvement for patients with time intervals of more than 12 months since completion of therapy.Conclusions Patients demonstrated variable degrees of laryngeal dysfunction as evidenced by perceptual and objective measures. Patients rated themselves to be only mildly handicapped with regard to voice quality. A methodology and battery of tests are proposed to help standardize outcome data collection for this patient population.
The Management of Idiopathic Olfactory Hallucinations: A Study of Two Patients
Authors: Majumdar S. , Jones N. S. , McKerrow W. S. , Scadding G. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis Idiopathic olfactory hallucination is a rare condition. We report two cases of idiopathic olfactory hallucination and a review of the literature that relates to this condition.Study Design A retrospective case study of two patients with idiopathic olfactory hallucination.Methods Records of two patients were retrospectively reviewed.Results The diagnosis of idiopathic olfactory hallucination was confirmed after excluding any intranasal disease or any central nervous system disorder discernible by an electroencephalogram and magnetic resonance imaging. Both patients were successfully treated with sodium valproate. One patient stopped taking sodium valproate because of side effects, only for the symptoms to return, but these were then controlled by phenytoin sodium. The mean patient follow‐up time was 3 years 5 months.Conclusions The symptoms of some cases of idiopathic olfactory hallucination may be controlled by sodium valproate or phenytoin sodium. We hypothesize that this disorder may be a central phenomenon attributable to reverberating circuits.