bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electric Vehicle Application Based Fuzzy with Vector Control Controlled High Speed SRM
Authors: Reddy G. Tirupathi , Basha S. Masum , Stone D. David Living 
Published: February 2024

A high-speed motor is a workable way to achieve motor reduction in an electric vehicle (EV). A switching reluctance motor (SRM) can be utilized for high-velocity drives because of its robust and straightforward rotor construction. The driving concept is somewhat noisy and vibrational, but it works well. Because conventional techniques of current excitation entail a great deal of complexity, torque controllers are infamously hard to construct. It has been proposed that the fuzzy with vector control could help SRM drive overcome these problems. Vector control has not yet been applied to the SRM in the high-speed drive. The best driving parameters, such as bus voltage and switching frequency, are explained in this article using fuzzy control to run the SRM in the high-speed range. It has been demonstrated that fuzzy with vector control can operate the suggested SRM in the high-speed region, resulting in the least amount of vibration.
Among the terms used in the index are vector control, fuzzy logic, and high-speed drive.
PEMAHAMAN PERATURAN PERPAJAKAN, SANKSI, DAN PERSEPSI TARIF PAJAK TERHADAP KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK USAHA MIKRO KECIL MENENGAH (UMKM) DI WILAYAH KABUPATEN BEKASI
Authors: Sianturi Gustini , Manrejo Sumarno , Faeni Dewi Puspaningtyas 
Published: February 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu menguji dan menganalisis pengaruh Pemahaman Peraturan Perpajakan, Sanksi dan Persepsi Tarif Pajak Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah di Wilayah Kabupaten Bekasi. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif, dengan jenis dan sumber data yaitu data primer yang diperoleh dari hasil pengisian kuesioner kepada 100 responden. Software yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Smart PLS yang terdiri dari terdiri dari teknik analisis inner model dan outer model. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan pemahaman peraturan perpajakan berpengaruh terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak, sanksi pajak berpengaruh terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak, persepsi tarif pajak berpengaru terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak.
Barreras y avances en la igualdad de género en el entorno laboral: un estudio documental
Authors: Juca-Maldonado Fernando Xavier , Mocha-Román Verónica 
Published: February 2024

Este estudio documental se centra en la persistente desigualdad de género en el lugar de trabajo, explorando tanto las barreras como los progresos en este ámbito. A través de un análisis exhaustivo de la literatura académica existente, se identifican problemas como la brecha salarial y la subrepresentación de las mujeres en roles de liderazgo, mientras se destacan las acciones correctivas que están generando cambios positivos, como políticas de igualdad salarial y oportunidades equitativas de promoción. También se enfatiza el papel emergente de la tecnología y la inteligencia artificial como medios prometedores para abordar estas desigualdades. A pesar de los desafíos, el estudio concluye que se pueden lograr avances significativos a través de esfuerzos continuos, proactivos, y la adopción de una cultura de diversidad e inclusión. Sin embargo, se sugiere que futuras investigaciones profundicen en áreas específicas, como el impacto de la COVID-19 en la igualdad de género en el trabajo y el papel de la educación en la formación de prejuicios y estereotipos de género, proporcionando así una visión integral y actualizada del estado del arte en la igualdad de género en el lugar de trabajo.
Palabras clave:
Igualdad de género, inteligencia artificial, diversidad, inclusión, cultura organizacional.

ABSTRACT
This document-based study focuses on the persistent gender inequality in the workplace, exploring both the barriers and advancements in this area. Through a thorough analysis of existing academic literature, issues such as the gender wage gap and the underrepresentation of women in leadership roles are identified, while highlighting corrective actions that are generating positive changes, such as equal pay policies and equitable promotion opportunities. The emerging role of technology and artificial intelligence as promising means to address these inequalities is also emphasized. Despite the challenges, the study concludes that significant advancements can be made through ongoing, proactive efforts, and the adoption of a culture of diversity and inclusion. However, it suggests that future research delve deeper into specific areas, such as the impact of COVID-19 on gender equality in the workplace and the role of education in the formation of gender biases and stereotypes, thus providing a comprehensive and up-to-date view of the state of the art in workplace gender equality.
Keywords:
Gender equality, artificial intelligence, diversity, inclusion, organizational culture.
زندگی با بوی بد
Authors: استیلر ریو متیو , رونس ارلینگ , ایلیتسن ماری , رامالهو سوفیا , پوددوین ویکتور , پانیری جولیانا , آب نیکی محمد , همتی نژاد فرشته 
Published: February 2024

تمرکز:
برای درک اینکه سولفید هیدروژن نشان می دهد که حیات در اعماق دریا وجود دارد.

اهداف یادگیری:
با این فعالیت، بوی بدی شبیه سولفید هیدروژن از مواد آلی پوسیده ایجاد می کنیم. ما از آن بو به عنوان پایه ای برای بحث درسی در مورد زندگی جالب موجودات و شبکه های غذایی در کف دریا استفاده می کنیم.

کلید واژه ها:
اعماق دریا، سولفید هیدروژن، شیمی سنتز، کرم های لوله ای، شبکه های غذایی
گوش دادن به دنیای اطرافمان
Authors: لوسلبن لیزا کاترین , کلریچی مونیکا , هولم ویلادز , پانیری جولیانا , آب نیکی محمد , همتی نژاد فرشته 
Published: February 2024

تمرکز:
وقت گذاشتن برای شناسایی و تشخیص صداهای موجود در فضاهای اطرافمان.

اهداف یادگیری:
با این فعالیت از طریق گوش دادن به محیط اطراف خود توجه می کنیم. این می تواند به عنوان یک فعالیت مستقل عمل کند. با این حال، شما همچنین می توانید از آن به عنوان نقطه شروع قبل از انتقال تجربه به محیط های اعماق دریا در فعالیتی به نام "سمفونی تراوش سرد" استفاده کنید.

کلمات کلیدی:
آگاهی فضایی، گوش دادن، راه صدا پرسه، آلودگی صوتی.
تحت فشار
Authors: ماریچ فیلیپ , پوتو مارگریتا پائولا , پانیری جولیانا , آب نیکی محمد , همتی نژاد فرشته 
Published: February 2024

تمرکز
برای درک و احساس اینکه چگونه فشار آب با عمق تغییر می کند.

اهداف یادگیری
در این فعالیت، دانش آموزان رابطه بین عمق و فشار آب را تشخیص خواهند داد. دانش‌آموزان می‌توانند در مورد اینکه چگونه شکل‌های حیات در اعماق دریا ممکن است تحت تأثیر فشارهای بالای آب در اکوسیستم‌هایشان قرار بگیرند، تأمل کنند.

کلید واژه ها
عمق، وزن، فشار.
مای اقیانوس منجمد شمالی
Authors: ماریچ فیلیپ , پوتو مارگریتا پائولا , پانیری جولیانا , آب نیکی محمد , همتی نژاد فرشته 
Published: February 2024

تمرکز
برای درک اینکه دمای آب چقدر است و چرا برای زندگی در اقیانوس مهم است. چه عواملی بر دمای آب تأثیر می گذارد؟ (به عنوان مثال، نور خورشید، تابش خورشیدی، انتقال حرارت)

اهداف آموزشی
در این فعالیت، دانش آموزان یاد خواهند گرفت که دما عامل مهمی است که بر آب، کیفیت آب و تغییر خواص فیزیکی و شیمیایی آب تأثیر می گذارد.

واژه‌های کلیدی
دما، تابش خورشید، انتقال حرارت، تغییرات و محرک‌ها، پیامدها.
مجسمه سازی روزنه داران
Authors: ماریچ فیلیپ , پوتو مارگریتا پائولا , زیمرمن هایکه جین , پانیری جولیانا , آب نیکی محمد , همتی نژاد فرشته 
Published: February 2024

تمرکز
برای درک از تنوع زیستی اقیانوس منجمد شمالی و کف اقیانوس، با تمرکز ویژه بر گونه های کمتر شناخته شده مانند روزنه داران.

اهداف یادگیری
در این فعالیت، دانش‌آموزان (یک، دو یا چند) گونه روزنه داران را که در یا نزدیک به کف اقیانوس منجمد شمالی زندگی می‌کنند شناسایی کرده و با استفاده از خاک رس مدل‌سازی، مجسمه‌سازی می‌کنند.

کلید واژه ها
روزنه داران، کفزی، شناور (پلانکتونیک).
رسوب گذاری
Authors: ماریچ فیلیپ , پوتو مارگریتا پائولا , پانیری جولیانا , آب نیکی محمد , همتی نژاد فرشته 
Published: February 2024

تمرکز
برای درک نقش رسوب در ایجاد شرایط منحصر به فرد اکوسیستم های کف اقیانوس.

اهداف یادگیری
با این فعالیت، دانش‌آموزان به درک اساسی از چگونگی ته نشینی رسوبات در کف اقیانوس (رسوب گذاری) و شکل ظاهری آن دست خواهند یافت.

کلید واژه ها
ته نشینی، رسوبی، آواری، دریایی.
Alteration of bacterial community composition in the sediments of an urban artificial river caused by sewage discharge
Authors: Li Yishi , Lou Daoming , Zhou Xiaofei , Zhuang Xuchao , Wang Chuandong 
Published: February 2024

Background
Urbanization has an ecological and evolutionary effect on urban microorganisms. Microorganisms are fundamental to ecosystem functions, such as global biogeochemical cycles, biodegradation and biotransformation of pollutants, and restoration and maintenance of ecosystems. Changes in microbial communities can disrupt these essential processes, leading to imbalances within ecosystems. Studying the impact of human activities on urban microbes is critical to protecting the environment, human health, and overall urban sustainability.

Methods
In this study, bacterial communities in the sediments of an urban artificial river were profiled by sequencing the 16S rRNA V3-V4 region. The samples collected from the eastern side of the Jiusha River were designated as the JHE group and were marked by persistent urban sewage discharges. The samples collected on the western side of the Jiusha River were categorized as the JHW group for comparative analysis.

Results
The calculated alpha diversity indices indicated that the bacterial community in the JHW group exhibited greater species diversity and evenness than that of the JHE group. Proteobacteria was the most dominant phylum between the two groups, followed by Bacteroidota. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota accumulated in the JHE group was higher than in the JHW group. Therefore, the estimated biomarkers in the JHE group were divided evenly between Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota, whereas the biomarkers in the JHW group mainly belonged to Proteobacteria. The Sulfuricurvum, MND1, and Thiobacillus genus were the major contributors to differences between the two groups. In contrast to JHW, JHE exhibited higher enzyme abundances related to hydrolases, oxidoreductases, and transferases, along with a prevalence of pathways associated with carbohydrate, energy, and amino acid metabolisms. Our study highlights the impact of human-induced water pollution on microorganisms in urban environments.
Prevalence of vertebral alterations and the effects of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on calcium metabolism and bone mineral density after gastrectomy
Authors: Glatzle J , Piert M , Meile T , Besenthal I , Schäfer J F , Königsrainer A , Zittel T T 
Published: March 2005

Abstract

Background
Bone disease is common after gastrectomy, resulting in decreased bone mass and an increased risk of fracture. No proven therapy is currently available.

Methods
Serum markers of calcium metabolism in 98 patients after partial or total gastrectomy were compared with those in 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Patients with disorders of calcium metabolism were investigated by conventional radiography and single-energy computed tomography of the spine. Forty patients participated in a 1-year follow-up study to investigate the effects of vitamin D and calcium supplementation on calcium metabolism and bone mineral density.

Results
Altered serum markers of calcium and phosphate metabolism were observed in 77 (79 per cent) of 98 patients. Sixty (79 per cent) of these had vertebral alterations. Vertebral fractures were detected in 22 patients, grade I vertebral deformities in 50 patients, grade II deformities in 22 patients and osteopenia (Z-score less than − 1) in 30 patients. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation resulted in an increase in 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (P &lt; 0·001), 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D (P = 0·048) and osteocalcin (P = 0·045), whereas levels of parathyroid hormone were decreased (P = 0·007). Bone mineral density did not change over time.

Conclusion
Disturbances of calcium and bone metabolism are common after gastrectomy. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation normalized levels of markers of calcium metabolism and might have prevented age-related bone mass loss, although it did not increase bone mineral density after 1 year.
Chymotrypsin‐like proteases contribute to human monocytic THP‐1 cell as well as human microglial neurotoxicity
Authors: Klegeris Andis , McGeer Patrick L. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractActivated microglia have been observed in various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis. They may exacerbate neuronal damage by secreting various toxic molecules. The list of candidate toxins includes proteases. Since it is currently not known which, if any, proteases are involved in human microglia neurotoxicity, we studied the effects of a panel of protease inhibitors on the toxicity of cell‐free supernatants of stimulated human microglia and THP‐1 monocytic cells to human SH‐SY5Y cells. Five structurally distinct inhibitors that are known to inhibit chymotrypsin‐like proteases were partially protective. They included chymostatin, AEBSF (Pefabloc SC), α1‐antichymotrypsin, bromoenol lactone, and 3,4‐dichloroisocoumarin. The data suggest that certain protease inhibitors could inhibit microglial‐mediated toxicity. They might represent a novel class of drugs with benefit in diseases where overactivity of microglia contributes to the pathogenesis. ©2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spinoza's Extended Substance
Authors: Cover J. A. 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
“Spinoza's Extended Substance: Cartesian and Leibnizian Reflections” This essay examines Woolhouse's interpretation of Spinoza's extended substance. According to that interpretation, the extended substance is a quasi‐Platonic form, and Spinoza's substance is not actually extended. This essay argues that the burden of defending such an interpretation is very great indeed, and requires that we read Spinoza's understanding of Descartes and Leibniz's understanding of Spinoza in unusual and awkward ways.
Leibniz on Consciousness and Self‐Consciousness
Authors: Gennaro Rocco J. 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
“Leibniz on Consciousness and Self‐Consciousness” It is argued that Leibniz held a version of the so‐called “higher‐order thought” (HOT) theory of consciousness. According to this theory, what makes a mental state conscious is that it is accompanied by a thought (or awareness) that one is in that state. For example, in elaborating on his theory of monads, Leibniz explains that an unconscious perception becomes conscious when it is accompanied by an apperception of it. Apperception is best understood as a form of self‐consciousness, and reflection is best understood as a sophisticated form of apperception. With these crucial terminological distinctions in place, it is then argued that treating Leibniz as a HOT theorist can help us understand how he did indeed hold that animals apperceive even if most of them are incapable of sophisticated forms of reflection and rationality.
Mary in Luke 2:41–52
Authors: Kreitzer Beth 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
This chapter explores Lutheran sermons on Mary in chapter 2 of Luke’s gospel. Mary’s role as a parent is emphasized. She shows parents that they should raise their children lovingly, be good examples, bring them to church, and treat them as treasures from God. It was less important for authors to use sermons to tutor wives and mothers in appropriate conduct, than it was to promote peace and harmony between rulers and subjects, the pastor and his congregation, and parents and children.
The Wedding at Cana
Authors: Kreitzer Beth 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
This chapter explores Lutheran sermons on chapter 2 of John’s gospel, which recounts the story of Jesus’ first miracle. Mary’s actions in this text receive both positive and negative attention. She is promoted as a good example of the virtues of faith, hope and love. However, her attempt to influence Christ’s actions in “divine matters” is seen as a mistake, and at worse, human weakness or even sin. Christ’s harsh response to Mary emphasizes that neither Mary nor any other saint can serve as an intercessor with Christ.
The Power of Creativity
Authors: Cooke Bernard 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Though creation in the strict sense is beyond humans’ power, they can approximate it to a limited extent by what is known as ‘creativity’. Through inventiveness and artistic production, humans can powerfully influence human life. Genuine artistic creations – paintings, sculpture, music, dance – enlist the power of beauty to sensitive humans and enrich their enjoyment of life; however, creativity can also lead to the social engineering of Nazism. The creative power remains mysterious and ambiguous; it needs to be empowered and guided by the Spirit of God.
Richard Hooker and Reformed Theology
Authors: Voak Nigel 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
For many years, Richard Hooker (1554–1600) has traditionally been seen as the first systematic defender of Anglicanism, setting out in Elizabeth I’s reign the English Church’s position as a via media between Roman Catholicism and Reformed Protestantism. In the last twenty years, however, the old consensus has crumbled and revisionists have argued with increasing strength that Hooker should be viewed as a thoroughly Reformed theologian – a defender of the Elizabethan Reformed consensus against radicals like the puritans. Dr Voak takes issue with this interpretation, arguing that although Hooker started out in the Reformed mainstream, in his later writings he became highly critical of a wide range of fundamentally Reformed positions.
Taking as his starting point philosophical principles underlying Hooker’s theology, such as the freedom of the will and the concomitant resistibility of grace, Dr Voak moves on to consider Hooker’s views on such matters as original sin and human nature, justification and sanctification, the doctrine of merit and the religious authority of scripture, reason, and tradition. The book ends with an examination of Hooker’s manuscripts written shortly before his death, in which he defends his theology from the charge that it is contrary to the Thirty-Nine Articles.
Throughout, Hooker’s writings are carefully placed in the context of contemporary Reformed theology, and Dr Voak accounts for how Hooker was able to advance criticism of this religious tradition in Elizabethan England under the cloak of an attack on puritanism. Hooker emerges as a conservative who paradoxically came to occupy a remarkably individual, innovative position at a time of transition in the English Church.
Reason, Will, and Common Grace
Authors: Voak Nigel 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Begins the second part of the book, examining Hooker’s views on the relation of grace to the human reason and will, in this case from the perspective of non-Christians, who are not in receipt of sanctifying grace. This permits a study of Hooker’s views on human nature, natural law, and original sin, and it is argued that although Hooker accepts that humanity in its natural state after the Fall is totally depraved, through his belief that humans are generally aided by common grace he is able to adopt a relatively optimistic view of humanity’s ability to know and to obey natural law, and to accept the religious authority of reason in religious as well as civil affairs. Hooker’s views are contextualised in the Reformed theology of his day, and it is shown how the nature of the earlier Admonitions controversy helped Hooker in the development of such ideas, and to criticise fundamental aspects of the Reformed tradition through attacking presbyterianism and puritanism. Finally, examines how a lack of understanding of Hooker’s views on common grace has led to critical misinterpretation of his work in the past.
Apprenticeship in Antioch
Authors: Murphy-O'Connor Jerome 
Published: March 2005

AbstractWhy Barnabas was sent to Antioch, and why he recruited Paul. The problems of table-fellowship for Jewish and Gentile believers in Antioch. The Roman road system in Asia Minor as arteries through which the gospel flowed in a mission shared by Paul and Barnabas. Travel conditions were harsh and unforgiving, and gave rise to a key element in Paul’s theology (‘Sin’).
Third Sector–Third Way: Comparative Perspectives and Policy Reflections
Authors: Anheier Helmut 
Published: March 2005

AbstractDrawing upon a variety of analyses, this chapter constructs a taxonomy of competing approaches to inequality, social cohesion, and citizenship and proceeds to locate the Third Way as a hybrid approach. While the Third Way strongly embraces elements of market liberalism, it also exhibits a mixture of social democratic, communitarian, and moral authoritarian features. The Third Way approach to policies for social inclusion is traced through a discussion of the European Union’s Social Inclusion Strategy, the development of ‘workfare’ type policies, and in the specific context of new labour policies in Britain. The ambiguous consequences of such policies are examined in relation to measures of inequality, poverty, and social exclusion. The chapter concludes that the Third Way maybe more than a pragmatic compromize, but whether it maybe capable of ameliorating the dislocating social effects of a market driven economic agenda remains uncertain.
Partakers of the Divine Nature
Authors: Keating Daniel A. 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Aims to investigate what Cyril means by the phrase, ‘partakers of the divine nature’ (2 Pet. 1:4), in the hope that this will provide us with a key for unlocking his understanding of the extent and limit of our kinship with God and its relation to Christ’s unique sonship. Does Cyril’s account of our participation in the divine nature threaten to blur the distinction between the Creator and creation, between things divine and things human? Focusses especially on the concept of participation in Cyril and concludes that Cyril presents us with a rather complex christology in which the incarnate Christ, as genuinely occupying the common frontier of humanity and divinity, in one sense is, and in another sense is not, the pattern for our participation in the divine life.
France: A New World of Welfare for New Social Risks?
Authors: Palier Bruno , Mandin Christelle 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIn France, new social risk policies were not highly developed with the exception of the established tradition of childcare. Reforms were initially delayed by the strongly entrenched old social risk system. By the late 1980s, it was accepted across the political spectrum that the existing settlement was not sustainable. New policies with a stronger emphasis on means testing and incentives and on finance through tax rather than social insurance were introduced and these have since become more significant. The emergence of modernising policies in the CFDT trade union and the role played by the employers association MEDEF were important in setting the context for change.
Mark the Monk
Authors: Plested Marcus 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
A close examination of the Macarian legacy in the work of Mark the Monk. The Chapter focuses on themes such as the Fall and its consequences, baptism, the spiritual struggle, sin and grace, exegesis, and Christology. Mark is shown to be a thoughtful and, at times, appropriately critical disciple of the Macarian teaching. The fact that he draws directly on Macarius for much of his anti-Messalian programme further emphasises the extent to which Macarius is to be seen as a critic and reformer of the nascent Messalian tendency.