bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency of prototypical acronyms in American TV series
Authors: Imre Attila 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This article aims at studying acronyms found in captions of six American TV series, as most scholarly articles only discuss abbreviations and acronyms in specialized texts, including their titles and abstracts as well. Hence, in the introductory part, we present reasons to use shortened forms (both abbreviations and acronyms), and then we offer a very brief summary of major types of shortenings, differentiating shorter forms originating from one-word or multi-word phrases, enabling us to separate acronyms, initialisms, and alphabetisms from standard abbreviations and its similar terms (truncation and clipping). After arguing that acronym may be used as the umbrella term for initialisms and alphabetisms as well, we define prototypical acronyms, which are traced in the first seasons of the six TV series with the help of a specifically designed algorithm. Acronym frequency in three medical TV series is compared to their frequency in political, legal, and military series, concluding that at least twice more acronyms were found in medical captions compared to non-medical ones, which means that an acronym is bound to appear within every other minute of the storyline. The conclusion section reiterates the idea that acronym use should be restricted, knowing that guidelines on captioning and subtitling have little impact on the creators.
Overwhelming Complexities: Between Rome and Jerusalem
Authors: Duarte de Oliveira Manuel 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In the search for an understanding of the complexities that could have led such a “banal” man as Adolf Eichmann, to stand trial in Jerusalem for crimes against Humanity – in the humanity of the Jewish People – one ought to go beneath the surface of contemporary events into the roots of an overwhelming hatred that enslaved Europe for far too long and with consequences beyond what imagination could have conceived within the limits of reason alone. In the pursuit for the “black hole” that brought European nations to a virtual ethical collapse, seriously damaging the capacity to exercise judgment, this article approaches one of the background dimensions of anti-Semitism which enabled the actions of men to structure evil in all but a “banal” manner. The second part of this study seeks alternative ways to conceive a relation between Judaism and Christianity.
Reconfiguring the strategic/non-strategic binary in im/politeness research
Authors: Terkourafi Marina 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this article, I explore the potential of the strategic/non-strategic distinction to link im/politeness with recent developments in pragmatics more generally. My point of departure is the claim that the binary between strategic/non-strategic politeness, as drawn in previous research starting with the distinction between discernment and volition, leaves a blind-spot when it comes to established ways of achieving politeness that do not rely on recognition of the speaker’s intention, yet go beyond a pre-defined repertoire of forms. To shed light on this blind spot, I recruit the notions of first-order (S1) and higher-order (S2) polite speakers from Rational Speech Act models, which distinguish between different types of speakers depending on the degree to which they reason not just about their own goals but also about what the hearer thinks of them. However, contrary to the standard RSA model, I propose to think of such reflexive reasoning as a matter of degree, which can be used to explain a continuum of uses from strategic to non-strategic politeness. This move highlights points of contact between theoretical traditions that have developed independently and helps to reinstate im/politeness as a driver of pragmatics research broadly conceived.
Copper Complexes in Verdigris Painting Mixtures: An Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Characterization
Authors: Punis Riccardo , Zoleo Alfonso 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Copper complexes, also called “copper soaps” when referred to carboxylate compounds, have become a concern in the conservation of historical artefacts. These complexes are suspected to play a significant role in degradation processes such as darkening and cracking of painting layers. Here we propose the Continuous Wave Electron Paramagnetic Resonance spectroscopy (CW-EPR) as a tool for the identification of these species. EPR spectroscopy is a micro-invasive and non-destructive technique that is highly sensitive to paramagnetic species, including radicals, crystal defects, and transition metal ions, e.g., Cu(II) and Fe(III). We have selected the verdigris (copper acetate) pigment combined with many organic binders, e.g., egg tempera and gum Arabic, as mock-up systems because of the known degradation tendency of the copper-based pigment. We would like to demonstrate that a precise analysis of the experimental spectra assisted with the calculus of the main magnetic quantities could lead to a good characterization of the copper complexes (or “soaps”).
Fracture research of adhesive-bonded joints for GFRP laminates under mixed-mode loading condition
Authors: Zhong Zhi-peng , Ju Wen-zheng 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The mixed-mode fracture characterization of adhesively bonded glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) plate joints is studied based on theoretical and experimental techniques. An improved beam model is used to estimate the compliance and the mixed-mode energy release rate (ERR) for GFRP four-point mixed-mode bending specimens. In this model, the deformation of the upper and lower GFRP plates is mutually independent, and the deformable adhesive is considered to satisfy the displacement compatibility conditions on the bonding interface. The explicit theoretical solutions of the compliance and ERR using the compliance method are reduced. The present theoretical solutions fit well with the finite element solutions by comparison with the rigid joint model. From the critical loads in experiment, the variation in fracture toughness on mixed-mode I/II has been determined by modifying the stiffness of the composite GFRP/GFRP substrate.
Nanopharmacology as a new approach to treat neuroinflammatory disorders
Authors: Menéndez Sebastián García , Manucha Walter 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Neuroinflammation, a complex process involving the activation of microglia, astrocytes, and other immune cells in the brain, plays a role in neurodegeneration and psychiatric disorders. Current therapeutic strategies for neuroinflammation are limited, necessitating the development of improved approaches. Nanopharmacology offers unprecedented opportunities to access and treat neuroinflammatory disorders at the brain level. Nanoscaffolds can target specific cells or tissues and protect drugs from degradation or elimination, making them ideal candidates for treating neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. Recent advancements in nanoparticle development have enabled the targeting of microglia, astrocytes, and other immune cells in the brain, reducing neuroinflammation and protecting neurons from injury. Nanoparticles targeting specific neurons have also been developed. Clinical trials are in progress to evaluate the safety and efficacy of nano drugs for treating neuroinflammatory, neurodegenerative, and psychiatric diseases. The successful development of these nanodrugs holds immense promise for treating these devastating and increasingly prevalent conditions. On the other hand, several limitations and unanswered questions remain. First, the long-term effects of nanoparticles on the brain need to be thoroughly investigated to ensure their safety. Second, optimizing the targeting and delivery of nanoparticles to specific brain regions remains a challenge. Understanding the complex interplay between nanoparticles and the brain’s immune system is crucial for developing effective nanotherapies. Despite these limitations, nanopharmacology presents a transformative approach to treating neuroinflammatory disorders. Future research should address the aforementioned limitations and further elucidate the mechanisms of nanoparticle-mediated therapy. The successful development of safe and effective nanodrugs can revolutionize the treatment of neuroinflammatory disorders, alleviating the suffering of millions.
Bi2O3/ZnO heterostructured semiconductor nanocomposites: synthesis, characterization and its visible light-induced degradation of methylene blue dye
Authors: Simeyon Velanganni , Dinesh Ayyar , Deivatamil Deivanayagam , Thiruneelakandan Raghavan , Meena Boominathan Catherin , Mathavi Manikandan , Padmapriya Govindaswamy , Durka Manikandan , Ayyar Manikandan , Ansarie AbuZar , Hashem Mohamed , Fouad Hassan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this study, we describe the creation of linked semiconductor nanomaterials, which represents a significant development for photocatalytic applications. A Bi2O3–ZnO hetrostructured thin film was created using the SILAR-CBD deposition technique. In comparison to pure ZnO and Bi2O3, the produced heterostructured thin film showed greater photocatalytic (PCD) activity for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under UV light. The formation of Bi2O3 (monoclinic lattice phase) and ZnO (hexagonal wurtzite phase) are the heterostructured nanomaterials that were generated, according to a powder XRD inspection. An image taken with HR-TEM demonstrates the mixing of nanoparticles and nanorod formations in the Bi2O3/ZnO. The vectorial movement of electrons (e−) and holes (h+) between ZnO and Bi2O3 is responsible for the boosted photocatalytic efficiency, which is in turn, accountable for the enhanced photocatalytic activities.
American Merger Enforcement: A Progress Report on The Biden’s Administration’s Agenda
Authors: Bruce Hoffman D. , Linton Caleb 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This Article seeks to cast a critical but balanced eye on the record of the Biden administration’s antitrust agenda. Part II offers a brief history of United States antitrust policy to couch the administration’s philosophy in its appropriate historical context. Part III examines the economic evidence, both broadly and focusing on technology – an industry of intense focus for the current administration – as a case study to answer whether radical change is really necessary or whether the landscape is too complicated and the evidence too thin to insist on sweeping reform to competition law. Finally, Part IV surveys the actions taken thus far by the Biden administration. It details the administration’s current track record in court, looks to merger enforcement statistics for guidance, and canvasses the commentary around the FTC’s proposed HSR (Hart-Scott-Rodino) Rule change and the joint FTC and Department of Justice Draft Merger Guidelines.
A Review on Antidiabetic Effect of Tetrahydrocurcumin in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Murugan Pidaran 
Published: December 2023

Diabetes mellitus is possibly the world’s largest growing metabolic disease and as the knowledge on the heterogeneity of this disorder is advanced, the need for more appropriate therapy increases. Currently available drug regimes for management of diabetes mellitus have certain drawbacks and, therefore, there is a need for safer and more effective antidiabetic drugs. Natural products from medicinal plants continue to form a common platform for the discovery of new chemical entities in the modern drug discovery programmes. The belief that natural medicines are much safer than synthetic drugs has gained popularity in recent years and lead to tremendous growth of phytopharmaceutical usage. A wide array of plant derived active principles (phytochemicals) for possible use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus has been reported. Curcuma longa is commonly used in the treatment of diabetes by ayurvedic physicians. Curcumin is a biologically active component isolated from the rhizome of Curcuma longa that possess antihyperglycemic activity, hypolipidemic action and anti - renal lesion effect. The use of curcumin is recommended for prevention of advanced glycated end products (AGE) accumulation and the associated complications of diabetes. Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), one of the active metabolites of curcumin on antioxidants status in streptozotocin (STZ) - nicotinamide induced diabetic rats. THC is used in the treatment of several diseases such as prevents cancer, protects against inflammation, atherosclerotic lesions, hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity and diabetes. THC has been reported to exhibit the same physiological and pharmacological properties of curcumin. Curcumin is rapidly metabolized during absorption from the intestine, yielding THC, which has shown the strongest antioxidant activity among all curcuminoids. Curcuma longa has been used medically for many years to treat chronic disorders. The whole plants are used for treating diabetes. Curcumin has been reported to produce significant atihyperglycemic effect. Administration of THC has significant antidiabetic effect in STZ - nicotinamide induced diabetes. The THC exhibited its antidiabetic effect by influencing the carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, oxidative stress induced lipid peroxidation, membrane bound enzymes, insulin binding to erythrocyte receptor and collagen content and its characteristics. The antidiabetic effect of THC provides sufficient documentation to define its role and action for its potential and promising use in treating diabetes.
Diagnosis and minimally invasive management of erosive tooth wear
Authors: Mehta Anita , Gagneja Parul 
Published: December 2023

Tooth wear is a very common dental condition. The extent of wear sometimes can be catastrophic with severe tooth tissue loss which may result in poor esthetics. Main three types of wear are attrition, abrasion, erosion. Attrition is wear of teeth by the opposing teeth. Abrasion is wear of teeth by faulty tooth brushing. Erosion is wear of teeth by some acids. The aim of this article is diagnosis and prevention to avoid loss of tooth tissue, structural damage and which may lead to extensive restorative treatment.
Penundaan Perkawinan Di Bawah Umur Melalui Pemenuhan Hak Anak
Authors: Izzati Disinta Rohmatul 
Published: December 2023

Angka perkawinan di bawah umur yang masih tinggi, memicu pemerintah bergerak gesit berupaya menghambatnya. Sekolah Perempuan, Anak, Disabilitas dan Kelompok Rentan Lainnya (Sepeda Keren) merupakan salah satu bentuk upaya serta perhatian Pemerintah Kabupaten Trenggalek terhadap isu isu sosial salah satunya perkawinan dibawah umur. Adapun tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mendeskripsikan strategi pemenuhan hak anak dan manfaat yang didapatkan sebagai upaya menunda perkawinan dibawah umur yang ada di Program Sepeda Keren. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan yakni Yuridis Empiris. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan yakni deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian berlokasi di Desa Manggis, Kecamatan Panggul, Kabupaten Trenggalek. Data diperoleh melalui teknik wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini sebagai berikut pertama, strategi pemenuhan hak anak diantaranya melalui pembuatan forum anak, perlindungan komunitas melalui regulasi, melakukan pendampingan, menciptakan suasana yang ramah anak serta menghargai sesama anggota forum anak. Kedua, Adapun manfaat yang didapatkan yakni memberikan pemahaman terkait dampak negatif perkawinan dibawah umur, pemahaman bahwa perkawinan memerlukan kesiapan yang matang serta aktivitas anak yang dilakukan pada seusianya serta menumbuhkan semangat untuk menata masa depan dengan meraih cita cita yang dimiliki. Selain itu, manfaat yang didapatkan yakni anak memiliki tempat dia bercerita berbagi masalah dengan lingkungan orang – orang positif.
Pandangan Imam Syafi'i Tentang Nikah Tahlil
Authors: Magfiroh Wilda Aluf , Nashrullah Faiz 
Published: December 2023

Penelitian ini membahas mengenai pernikahan tahlil dengan topik permasalahannya yaitu menggunakan muhallil bayaran.Tulisan ini akan mengkaji lebih jauh mengenai pernikahan tahlil yang sengaja dilakukan dengan mencari muhallil yang bersedia menikahi seorang janda yang telah ditalak tiga oleh suaminya kemudian dengan memberikan imbalan bagi yang bersedia menjadi muhallil. Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian hukum yuridis empiris dikarenakan penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara langsung mencari data informan di desa Kembangsari kecamatan Tlogosari Kabupaten Bondowoso dengan cara wawancara. Lokasi penelitian terletak didesa Kembangsari karena merupakan tempat tinggan para responden. Penelitian ini ditulis dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara kepada 5 responden yaitu muhallil, perempuan yg dinikahi , penghulu dan dua orang saksi dan dilengkapi dengan catatan lapangan serta foto dokumentasi. Dari paparan analisis menunjukkan bahwa pernikahan tahlil dengan menggunakan muhallil bayaran ini dianggap sah sebab Nikah Tahlil menurut imam Syafi'i akadnya dianggap sah. Nikah muhallil itu sah dan qiyas yang digunakan imam Syafi'i sudah tepat karena peran dan fungsi perkawinan adalah untuk menghalalkan hubungan suami istri. Masalah adanya rekayasa dalam nikah muhallil adalah talak dapat dijadikan alasan yang kuat untuk mengharamkan nikah muhallil.
Kata Kunci : nikah; muhallil; bayaran
Penetapan Wali Adhal Dengan Alasan Tidak Sekufu Pengadilan Agama Kabupaten Gresik tahun 2020-2021 Prespektif Maqasid Syariah
Authors: Mazidah Dwi Ayu , Izzuddin Ahmad 
Published: December 2023

Problem wali adhal telah marak di Indonesia saat ini, khususnya di Pengadilan Agama Gresik, hal ini dibuktikan dengan ditemukan banyak kasus wali adhal yang masuk pada tahun 2020-2021. Sebanyak 25% perkara diantaranya, alasan wali tidak mau menikahkan karena menganggap calon suami dari perempuan di bawah perwaliannya tidak sekufu padahal dalam Islam alasan tersebut dibenarkan namun mengapa majelis hakim terkesan selalu mengabulkan. Penelitian ini menggunkan prespektif maqasid syariah Jasser Auda untuk mengukur kemaslahatannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menjelaskan latar belakang pengajuan perkara wali adhal dan ratio decidendi hakim dalam penetapan perkara wali adhal dengan alasan tidak sekufu di PA Gresik pada tahun 2020-2021 prespektif maqasid syariah. Penulis menggunakan jenis penelitian Yuridis Normatif dengan menggunkan pendekatan penelitian kasus (case approuch). Hasil dari penelitian ini menyimpulkankan bahwa: latar belakang pengajuan perkara wali adhal di Pengadilan Agama gresik kebanyakan didominasi dengan alasan calon suami tidak sekufu. Ratio decidendi majelis hakim adalah banyak wali nikah yang tidak hadir dalam persidangan sehingga sulit untuk mendapat keterangan dan antara calon pengantin tidak ada halangan syar’i untuk menikah. Penetapan wali adhal dengan alasan tidak sekufu yang telah dianalisis sudah sejalan dengan konsep maqasid syari’ah yang digagas oleh Jasser Auda dilihat dari aspek penyesuaian konteks waktu dan kultur budaya di Indonesia.
Tradisi Babubusi Pada Perkawinan Suku Banggai Dalam Tinjauan ‘Urf
Authors: Apal Ogahata , Wahidi Ahmad 
Published: December 2023

Tradisi Babubusi merupakan tradisi menyirami kubur leluhur yang dilakukan oleh calon pengantin ketika akan melaksanakan perkawinan. Babubusi diadakan dengan tujuan meminta perlindungan kepada leluhur agar dalam pelaksanaan acara perkawinan pasangan pengantin dijauhkan dari marabahaya dan musibah. Tradisi ini juga diyakini oleh masyarakat setempat bahwa apabila tidak melaksanakan tradisi ini maka akan terdapat musibah yang menimpa calon pengantin dan keluarganya berupa jatuh sakit dan tidak harmonis hubungan rumah tangga.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui bagaimana pandangan masyarakat suku Banggai terhadap tradisi Babubusi yang terdapat di desa Apal kecamatan Liang serta alasan-alasan tradisi penelitian ini merupakan penelitian empiris dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitaatif. Metode pengumpulan data melalui wawancara,observasi,dan dokumentasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini, menjelaskan bahwa tradisi babubusi sendiri dapat dikategorikan dalam al-‘urf al-fasid dan ‘urf al-‘urf al-shahih. Dikatakan al-‘urf al-fasid karena adanya keyakinan yang dimiliki masyarakat suku Bangai bahwa dengan melaksanakan babubusi maka akan terhindari dari marbahaya dan dilancarkan acara perkawinan serta mendapat perlindungan dari leluhurnya. Kemudian, dikatakan al-‘urf al-shahih karena dalam tata cara pelaksanaanya dan alat yang dipakai tidak melenceng dari ajaran islam serta yang menjadi alasan dilaksanakan tradisi ini perlu dihilangkan agar tetap menyakini bahwa segala sesuatu yang terjadi itu adalah kehendak Allah tanpa adanya maksud lain.
Student’s ways of thinking and ways of understanding analysis in solving mathematics problems in term of adversity quotient
Authors: Lailiyah Siti , Fitria Anis Kurlillah  , Kusaeri  
Published: December 2023

[English]: There are two categories of thinking skills that influence each other in mathematical knowledge, namely a thinking process called ways of thinking (WoT) and ways of understanding (WoU). This study aims to describe students' WoT and WoU in solving mathematics problems in terms of adversity quotient (AQ). This research is descriptive and qualitative. The participants of this study were students at MTs Muhammadiyah 1 Taman Sidoarjo. The subjects were selected based on the results of the adversity response profile test using a purposive sampling technique, so there were 3 climbers, 3 campers, and 2 quitter. The written test and interview data were analyzed according to the WoT and WoU indicators. The results of this study indicate that the WoT climber students tend to have one strategy in solving mathematical problems that leads to the correct solution, an empirical WoT, and a very good belief in mathematical concepts. Meanwhile, the WoT campers and quitters tend to have one strategy that leads to wrong solutions, and beyond belief WoT. The camper students have good confidence, while quitter students have less confidence in mathematical concepts. The WoU climber students are in the very good category, camper students are enough, and quitter students are in the less category. The WoT and WoU of climber students are better than those of camper and quitter students.
[Bahasa]: Terdapat dua kategori keterampilan berpikir yang saling mempengaruhi dalam pengetahuan matematika yaitu proses berpikir yang disebut ways of thinking (WoT), dan cara pemahaman siswa yang disebut dengan ways of understanding (WoU). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan WoT dan WoU siswa dalam menyelesaikan masalah matematika ditinjau dari adversity quotient (AQ). Penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini merupakan siswa di MTs Muhammadiyah 1 Taman Sidoarjo. Subjek dipilih berdasarkan hasil tes adversity respons profile menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, sehingga didapatkan 3 siswa climbers, 3 campers dan 2 quitters. Data tes tulis dan wawancara dianalisis sesuai indikator WoT dan WoU. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa WoT siswa climber dalam menyelesaikan masalah matematika cenderung memiliki satu strategi yang mengarah pada solusi benar, cara berpikir empiris, dan memiliki keyakinan yang sangat baik terhadap konsep matematika. Sedangkan WoT siswa camper dan quitter cenderung memiliki satu strategi yang mengarah pada solusi salah, dan cara berpikir luar keyakinan. Siswa camper memiliki keyakinan yang baik, sedangkan siswa quitter memiliki keyakinan yang kurang terhadap konsep matematika. WoU siswa climber berkategori sangat baik, siswa camper berkategori cukup. dan siswa quitter berkategori kurang. WoT dan WoU siswa climber lebih baik dibandingkan siswa camper dan quitter.