bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability and Numerical Analysis of a Coupled System of Piecewise Atangana–Baleanu Fractional Differential Equations with Delays
Authors: Almalahi Mohammed A. , Aldwoah K. A. , Shah Kamal , Abdeljawad Thabet 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper focuses on using piecewise derivatives to simulate the dynamic behavior and investigate the crossover effect within the coupled fractional system with delays by dividing the study interval into two subintervals. We establish and prove significant lemmas concerning piecewise derivatives. Furthermore, we extend and develop the necessary conditions for the existence and uniqueness of solutions, while also investigating the Hyers–Ulam stability results of the proposed system. The results are derived using the Banach contraction principle and the Leary–Schauder alternative fixed-point theorem. Additionally, we employ a numerical method based on Newton’s interpolation polynomials to compute approximate solutions for the considered system. Finally, we provide an illustrative example demonstrating our theoretical conclusions’ practical application.
Optimization of Pupil Fit Parameters for Contact Hole Pattern CD Difference Improvement
Authors: Lee Heehong , Rah Hyungju , Lee Hyosung , Sohn Jaewoong , Choi Byoungdeog 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn the stacked semiconductor structure, the contact hole layer is widely used in Dram/3D NAND as a connection path between layers. During the lithographical process of the contact hole layer, a critical issue known as CD difference appears. When faced with this issue in a mass production environment, solutions are limited. In particular, the only solution for the issue caused by a difference of pupil shape is to change the illumination ID, which requires a full design change of the pupil. This is challenging and causes differences in the recipe and equipment. As a way to fundamentally solve this problem, the ellipticity among the pupil fit parameters is optimized to minimize CD differences. Through simulation, the difference between the issue pupil and the reference pupil was confirmed, and the pupil fit parameter was calculated. The pupil shape was predicted by applying the calculated pupil fit parameter. Pattern simulation was performed using the predicted pupil shape, and conditions suitable for the direction of improvement were established to confirm improved CD difference. In both cases, the improvement tendency was confirmed in the predicted direction and was suitable for a mass production environment.
Joint interpretation and modeling of potential field data for mapping groundwater potential zones around Debrecen area, Eastern Hungary
Authors: Mohammed Musaab A. A. , Szabó Norbert P. , Szűcs Péter 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Debrecen area, as part of the Great Hungarian Plain (GHP), is associated with a multi-aquifer system that is overly exploited to fulfill the development plans. This research aims to jointly interpret and model gravity and magnetic data to map the subsurface geology and structures that govern groundwater occurrence. Various potential field techniques, including spectral analysis, anomaly derivatives, analytical signal, and Euler deconvolution were employed to map the distribution and depth of the buried geological structures. The combination of the potential field techniques enabled the construction of a detailed lineament map, providing valuable insights into the distribution of the subsurface structural features. It was indicated that the main structural trend is NW–SE and NE–SW, that coincides with the main structural trends in Hungary. Subsequently, a lineament density map is derived, indicating that the eastern, central, and northwestern parts of the area form the most promising zones for groundwater prospection. The joint inversion of gravity and magnetic data has further enhanced the understanding of subsurface geology. The depth to the basement rock varied between 1.18 and 2.2 km. The highest depth to the basement meets with thick sedimentary sequences bounded by normal faults forming graben and horst structures. Moreover, the distribution of these sediments is investigated using lithological logs indicating the thickness of the main hydrostratigraphic units in the Debrecen area. These units include Nagyalföld Aquifer, Algyő Aquitard, Endrőd Aquitard, and Miocene Badenian Aquifer units, which mainly consist of sand, silt, marl, and gravel. The recent study demonstrated the effectiveness of the joint interpretation in enhancing the knowledge of lithology and geological structures. However, a detailed geophysical survey is recommended to characterize the hydrostratigraphic units in the Debrecen area.
Analysis of intestinal flora and cognitive function in maintenance hemodialysis patients using combined 16S ribosome DNA and shotgun metagenome sequencing
Authors: Gao Qiuyi , Li Dianshi , Wang Yue , Zhao Chunhui , Li Mingshuai , Xiao Jingwen , Kang Yan , Lin Hongli , Wang Nan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Cognitive impairment is widely prevalent in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients, and seriously affects their quality of life. The intestinal flora likely regulates cognitive function, but studies on cognitive impairment and intestinal flora in MHD patients are lacking.

Methods
MHD patients (36) and healthy volunteers (18) were evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Function Scale, basic clinical data, and 16S ribosome DNA (rDNA) sequencing. Twenty MHD patients and ten healthy volunteers were randomly selected for shotgun metagenomic analysis to explore potential metabolic pathways of intestinal flora. Both16S rDNA sequencing and shotgun metagenomic sequencing were conducted on fecal samples.

Results
Roseburia were significantly reduced in the MHD group based on both 16S rDNA and shotgun metagenomic sequencing analyses. Faecalibacterium, Megamonas, Bifidobacterium, Parabacteroides, Collinsella, Tyzzerella, and Phascolarctobacterium were positively correlated with cognitive function or cognitive domains. Enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways included oxidative phosphorylation, photosynthesis, retrograde endocannabinoid signaling, flagellar assembly, and riboflavin metabolism.

Conclusion
Among the microbiota, Roseburia may be important in MHD patients. We demonstrated a correlation between bacterial genera and cognitive function, and propose possible mechanisms.
Liebe als Recht? Liebe als Pflicht?
Authors: Tömmel Tatjana Noemi 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungHaben Kinder ein Recht auf die Liebe ihrer Eltern? Haben Eltern die Pflicht, ihre Kinder zu lieben? Diese innerhalb der Moralphilosophie kontrovers diskutierten Fragen basieren einerseits auf empirischen, andererseits auf normtheoretischen Argumenten: Umstritten ist erstens, ob Kinder die Liebe ihrer Eltern brauchen, und zweitens, ob Liebe überhaupt ein Recht oder eine Pflicht sein kann. Die Beantwortung beider Fragen hängt allerdings davon ab, welchen Liebesbegriff man zugrundelegt. Um die Frage nach dem deontologischen Status der Elternliebe zu beantworten, möchte ich zeigen, dass Liebe nicht primär ein Gefühl, sondern ein Willensphänomen ist. Versteht man Liebe als wertschätzende und wohlwollende Bejahung des Kindes, sind das kindliche Liebesbedürfnis und die elterliche Liebespflicht kompatibel.Damit weist meine Position sowohl Übereinstimmungen als auch Differenzen zu den bekannten Positionen von Cowden und Liao auf: Wie Cowden behaupte ich, dass Kinder kein Recht auf Liebe haben können, weil es kein Recht auf innerliche Einstellung geben kann. Allerdings haben Kinder ein subjektives Recht auf eine hinreichend gelingende Beziehung zu ihren Eltern, sofern sie durch Handlungen konstituierbar ist. Eltern haben die Rechtspflicht, eine Beziehung zu ihren Kindern zu etablieren, die durch Achtung, Fürsorge und Aufmerksamkeit gekennzeichnet ist. Anders als Cowden und Liao gehe ich davon aus, dass Eltern die Tugendpflicht haben, sich das Wohlergehen und Glück ihrer Kinder zum Zweck zu setzen und es deshalb nach Kräften zu befördern. Dazu gehört auch, dass sie das Wohlwollen ihren Kindern gegenüber kultivieren sollen. Gelingt ihnen dies nicht aus eigener Kraft, haben sie eine Metapflicht, Hilfe bei Personen zu suchen, die sie darin unterstützen, eine gelingende Beziehung zu ihren Kindern aufzubauen.
(Schul‑) Kultur der Digitalität?
Authors: Knauf Helen 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit den Auswirkungen des digitalen Wandels auf Schule. Ausgangspunt der Betrachtung ist die Perspektive einer „Kultur der Digitalität“ (Stalder 2016), die als dominantes Merkmal der Gegenwart verstanden wird. Auf Grundlage dieses Ansatzes soll verdeutlicht werden, dass sich Digitalisierung in der Schule nicht in der Nutzung digitaler Technik im Unterricht erschöpft, sondern – im Sinne von Digitalität – die Organisation als Ganzes und insbesondere ihre Kultur betrifft und verändert. In dem Beitrag werden deshalb die verschiedenen Ebenen der Organisation Schule in den Blick genommen. Dadurch soll die oft enggeführte Betrachtung überwunden werden. Die Analyse verdeutlicht, wie tiefgreifend der kulturelle Wandel durch digitale Technik bereits jetzt Schulen verändert und zeigt zugleich deutliche Forschungslücken auf. Die Perspektive der „Kultur der Digitalität“ kann die eingeschränkte Betrachtung von Digitalisierung in Schule erweitern und Ausgangspunkt für einen angemesseneren Umgang für die damit verbundenen Veränderungen sein.
Frequency and predictors of complication clustering within 30 days of spinal fusion surgery: a study of children with neuromuscular scoliosis
Authors: Rajkumar Sujay , Iyer Rajiv R. , Stone Lauren , Kelly Michael P. , Plonsker Jillian , Brandel Michael , Gonda David D. , Mazur Marcus D. , Ikeda Daniel S. , Lucas Donald J. , Choi Pamela M. , Ravindra Vijay M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
There is limited information on the clustering or co-occurrence of complications after spinal fusion surgery for neuromuscular disease in children. We aimed to identify the frequency and predictive factors of co-occurring perioperative complications in these children.

Methods
In this retrospective database cohort study, we identified children (ages 10–18 years) with neuromuscular scoliosis who underwent elective spinal fusion in 2012–2020 from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program-Pediatric database. The rates of co-occurring complications within 30 days were calculated, and associated factors were identified by logistic regression analysis. Correlation between a number of complications and outcomes was assessed.

Results
Approximately 11% (709/6677 children with neuromuscular scoliosis undergoing spinal fusion had co-occurring complications: 7% experienced two complications and 4% experienced ≥ 3. The most common complication was bleeding/transfusion (80%), which most frequently co-occurred with pneumonia (24%) and reintubation (18%). Surgical time ≥ 400 min (odds ratio (OR) 1.49 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25–1.75]), fusion ≥ 13 levels (1.42 [1.13–1.79]), and pelvic fixation (OR 1.21 [1.01, 1.44]) were identified as procedural factors that independently predicted concurrent complications. Clinical risk factors for co-occurring complications included an American Society of Anesthesiologist physical status classification ≥ 3 (1.73 [1.27–2.37]), structural pulmonary/airway abnormalities (1.24 [1.01–1.52]), impaired cognitive status (1.80 [1.41–2.30]), seizure disorder (1.36 [1.12–1.67]), hematologic disorder (1.40 [1.03–1.91], preoperative nutritional support (1.34 [1.08–1.72]), and congenital malformations (1.20 [1.01–1.44]). Preoperative tracheostomy was protective against concurrent complications (0.62 [0.43–0.89]). Significant correlations were found between number of complications and length of stay, non-home discharge, readmissions, and death.

Conclusion
Longer surgical time (≥ 400 min), fusion ≥ 13 levels and pelvic fixation are surgical risk factors independently associated with co-occurring complications, which were associated with poorer patient outcomes. Recognizing identified nonmodifiable risk factors might also be important for preoperative planning and risk stratification of children with neuromuscular scoliosis requiring spinal fusion.

Level of evidence
Level IV evidence.
Text-independent speaker identification system using discrete wavelet transform with linear prediction coding
Authors: Alrusaini Othman , Daqrouq Khaled 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOne of the key problems of the modern day is the presentation of an identity verification system that can perform sufficient accuracy in identity verification, is resilient to assaults and noises, and can be recorded in the simplest possible method. In this study, a new speaker feature extraction which based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and linear prediction coding (LPC) algorithm (WLPCA) are investigated. This paper's primary objective is to evidence the performance of the new method for speaker identification by a Gaussian mixture model (GMM). The proposed method improves the recognition rate over the Mel-frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC). Experimental evaluation of the process performance is performed on two speech databases; our recorded database and the publicly available TIMIT database. We show that the speech features derived by the newly proposed method are more suitable for GMM (91.53%), in terms of the time-consumed, by requiring less Gaussian mixtures than MFCC (85.77%). For testing the presented method in a noisy environment, Additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) was added to the TIMIT database, where a slight improvement in the performance of the presented method (60.02%) over the MFCC (59.89%) was observed.
The student voice on integrative teaching and learning of academic literacy at a South African university of technology
Authors: Ticha Ignatius Khan , Nakhooda Muhammad , Obi Uloma Nkpurunma 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAcademic literacy skills are universally considered as a valuable and integral part of academic development in higher education, yet they often remain peripheral to or are completely absent from many qualifications. At the presently selected institution, there is little consensus on the most effective model to design for and implement as far as academic literacy is concerned, and whether this should be embedded within core curricula, or as a stand-alone, credit-bearing subject. Conspicuously absent in conversations on this matter however, is the student voice, which is what the present study seeks to draw on. An analysis of students’ reflections on an integrated model of learning and teaching of academic literacy was evaluated, where the skills are taught within the context of an academic discipline. The academic literacy component was embedded within a single course taught in a Biotechnology qualification. Upon completion of the learning activities, ten students were interviewed, and a questionnaire was administered to a further fifteen students, to gauge feedback on the usefulness of the integrated model of academic literacy. We report that the pedagogy improved and enriched the overall learning experience. Students reflected that the approach enabled better access to Biotechnology content and made the discourse of the discipline more explicit, as they unlocked academic literacy skills, compared to if an academic literacy course was taken alone. More broadly, the study highlights the need to draw on student reflection and experiences in the design and implementation of pedagogies and the value of remaining responsive to student voices.
‘Information from which money can be made is what is required’: William Blackwoods and the Irish Ordnance Memoir Commission of 1843-4
Authors: Hill Ian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Irish Ordnance memoir scheme attempted to produce wide-ranging ‘statistical’ memoirs on a national basis, to accompany the large-scale (six-inch) mapping of the country by the Irish Ordnance Survey. Dating to the early 1830s, the memoir scheme had a stop-start existence and only published a specimen account for the parish of Templemore, County Londonderry (1837). But the scheme's overall aims of economic improvement and cultural revival attracted considerable support from Irish society and the Irish press. Public calls for resumption after memoir activity was stopped in 1840 led to an investigatory commission of 1843–4, appointed by the prime minister, Sir Robert Peel, but the commission's favourable findings were then disputed by him, primarily on grounds of cost. This article examines the impact of the Edinburgh publishing house of William Blackwoods on the memoir commission. The first section investigates the influence of Scottish voluntaryism on the commission, while the second assesses the impact of the firm on the emerging publication proposals in the immediate aftermath of the report. The article argues that the memoir scheme was not a victim of British antipathy but expired from a failure of the principals, including Blackwoods, to agree publishing terms, and both assesses and contextualises the scheme's demise from this adjusted perspective.
Ethnographic collections in Northern Ireland and the Solomon Islands tomako (canoe) at the Ulster Museum, 1898–2023
Authors: Widdis Briony 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe World Cultures collection at National Museums Northern Ireland is an essential source for the study of Irish collecting in the wider British Empire. The 2022 redisplay of the collection in the Ulster Museum's exhibition, Inclusive Global Histories, is part of a staged engagement with local and source communities. Given the critical importance of the global museum decolonisation work of which the exhibition is an example, a fresh consideration of this ethnographic collection's history is timely. This article reviews the collection within the context of the three museums that have housed it, and investigates how curators within the institution understood, represented and displayed the collection. It does so through a case study of a war canoe (tomako), that was taken from the Solomon Islands, by John Casement, a captain in the Royal Navy, and is the largest and among the most significant items within the collection. The canoe's centrality to the gallery — built around it in 1925 — that now contains Inclusive Global Histories reveals complex social networks between nineteenth- and twentieth-century collectors, curators and photographers, and aids understanding of how global human cultures have been regarded in Northern Ireland's civic life.
Ion Acceleration and Corresponding Bounce Echoes Induced by Electric Field Impulses: MMS Observations
Authors: Li Xing‐Yu , Liu Zhi‐Yang , Zong Qiu‐Gang , Zhou Xu‐Zhi , Liu Jian‐Jun , Hu Ze‐Jun , Zhao Xing‐Xin , Hao Yi‐Xin , Liu Ying , Yang Fan , Pollock Craig J. , Russell Christopher T. , Lindqvist Per‐Arne 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDayside magnetosphere interactions are essential for energy and momentum transport between the solar wind and the magnetosphere. In this study, we investigate a new phenomenon within this regime. Sudden enhancements of ion fluxes followed by repeating dropouts and recoveries were observed by Magnetospheric Multiscale on 5 November 2016, which is the very end of the recovery phase from a moderate geomagnetic storm. These repetitive flux variations display energy‐dispersive characteristics with periods relevant to ion bounce motion, suggesting they are corresponding echoes. Alongside the flux variations, bipolar electric field impulses originating from external sources were detected. We traced the source region of the initial injection and found it is located near the spacecraft's position. To elucidate the underlying physics, a test‐particle simulation is conducted. The results reveal that radial transport resulting from impulse‐induced acceleration can give rise to these echoes. Observations demonstrate dayside magnetosphere interactions are more common than we previously considered, which warrants further research.
Using Field Measurements Across Land Cover Types to Evaluate Albedo‐Based Wind Friction Velocity and Estimate Sediment Transport
Authors: Zhou Zhuoli , Zhang Chunlai , Chappell Adrian , Zou Xueyong , Zhang Zhuodong , Zuo Xiaofeng , Zhang Xiaoyu , Zhou Junxiong , Cao Zihao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe soil surface wind friction velocity (us*) is an essential parameter for predicting sediment transport on rough surfaces. However, this parameter is difficult and time‐consuming to obtain over large areas due to its spatiotemporal heterogeneity. The albedo‐based approach calibrates normalized shadow retrieved from any source of albedo data with laboratory measurements of aerodynamic properties. This enables direct and cross‐scale us* retrieval but has not been evaluated against field measurements for different cover types. We evaluated the approach's performance using wind friction velocity (u*) measurements from ultrasonic anemometers. We retrieved coincident field pyranometer and satellite albedo at 48 sites that were spread over approximately 1,800 km on the Inner Mongolia Plateau, including grassland, artificial shrubland, open shrubland, and gobi land. For all cover types, u* estimates from ultrasonic anemometers were close to the albedo‐based results approach. Our results confirm and extend the findings that the approach works across scales from lab to field measurements and permits large‐area assessments using satellite albedo. We compared the seasonal sediment transport across the region calculated from albedo‐based us* with results from an exemplar traditional transport model (QT) driven by u* with aerodynamic roughness length varying with land cover type and fixed over time. The traditional model could not account for spatiotemporal variation in roughness elements and considerably over‐estimated sediment transport, particularly in partially vegetated and gravel‐covered central and western parts of the Inner Mongolia Plateau. The albedo‐based sediment transport (QA) estimates will enable dynamic monitoring of the interaction between wind and surface roughness to support Earth System models.
Detection of (pre)cancerous colorectal lesions in Lynch syndrome patients by microsatellite instability liquid biopsy
Authors: Boeri Mattia , Signoroni Stefano , Ciniselli Chiara Maura , Gariboldi Manuela , Zanutto Susanna , Rausa Emanuele , Segale Miriam , Zanghì Anna , Ricci Maria Teresa , Verderio Paolo , Sozzi Gabriella , Vitellaro Marco 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLynch syndrome (LS) is an inherited condition characterized by an increased risk of developing cancer, in particular colorectal cancer (CRC). Microsatellite instability (MSI) is the main feature of (pre)cancerous lesions occurring in LS patients. Close endoscopic surveillance is the only option available to reduce CRC morbidity and mortality. However, it may fail to intercept interval cancers and patients’ compliance to such an invasive procedure may decrease over the years. The development of a minimally invasive test able to detect (pre)cancerous colorectal lesions, could thus help tailor surveillance programs in LS patients. Taking advantage of an endoscopic surveillance program, we retrospectively assessed the instability of five microsatellites (BAT26, BAT25, NR24, NR21, and Mono27) in liquid biopsies collected at baseline and possibly at two further endoscopic rounds. For this purpose, we tested a new multiplex drop-off digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) assay, reaching mutant allele frequencies (MAFs) as low as 0.01%. Overall, 78 plasma samples at the three time-points from 18 patients with baseline (pre)cancerous lesions and 18 controls were available for molecular analysis. At baseline, the MAFs of BAT26, BAT25 and NR24 were significantly higher in samples of patients with lesions but did not differ with respect to the grade of dysplasia or any other clinico-pathological characteristics. When all markers were combined to determine MSI in blood, this test was able to discriminate lesion-bearing patients with an AUC of 0.80 (95%CI: 0.66; 0.94).