bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge management effectiveness factors: the role of HRM
Authors: Oltra Victor 
Published: July 2005

PurposeWithin the search of the key factors that explain knowledge management (KM) effectiveness, this paper aims to advance a simultaneously conceptual and practical framework that links human resource management (HRM) and KM.Design/methodology/approachA literature‐based preliminary framework assumes that a number of critical KM characteristics and KM‐related human resource (HR) practices impact on KM effectiveness. Qualitative methods are used for data collection and analysis. Three knowledge‐intensive Spanish business units of multinational companies are the target case‐study settings.FindingsSystematic patterns are found regarding the impact of critical KM characteristics and KM‐related HR practices on KM effectiveness. An induced framework, encompassing a number of specific variables and propositions, is developed.Research limitations/implicationsThe lack of a longitudinal study demands caution in the results interpretation. Also, similar studies in cultural contexts other than Spain could produce differing results. Moreover, further qualitative methods would be helpful for explanatory framework refinement, whereas quantitative surveys would test propositions, thus assessing the statistical generalisability of the results.Practical implicationsKM‐enhancing recommendations for practitioners are discussed. Special emphasis is placed on the great complexity that social and cultural issues pose on KM, and on senior managers' key actions aimed at involving the HR function more in KM strategy development.Originality/valueThis paper tackles KM‐related social and cultural issues through a broad but practical HRM perspective. It helps to advance a better understanding of the causes of KM success or failure, useful both to academics seeking theory building and to practitioners interested in insightful advice.
The impact of trust and reputation on the transfer of best practices
Authors: Lucas Leyland M. 
Published: July 2005

PurposeThis research study, which is based on social information‐processing theory, proposes examining factors that affect intra‐organizational efforts at promoting the successful transfer of best practices.Design/methodology/approachUsing data collected from multiple respondents in a Fortune 500 company whose primary line of business is electricity generation, the author examines three impediments to knowledge transfer: trust, provider reputation, and recipient reputation.FindingsThe findings indicate that these factors provide a signaling effect to employees and play a critical role in the transfer of best practices. These findings reinforce the notion that the successful transfer of best practices is highly dependent on the willingness of employees to share. More important, achieving knowledge transfer objectives is easier said than done. Trust and reputation develop over time, are closely guarded by its representatives, and must be nurtured and protected.Research limitations/implicationsOne limitation of this study is that its generalizability may be limited because it is a single organization study. However, it does have significant practical implications, as it reinforces the need to create an appropriate environment for employees to engage in these activities.Originality/valueThe findings reinforce the need to create an appropriate environment for employees to engage in activities, and the notion that knowledge management is critical to success, but its management requires specific approaches that do not apply to other resources.
Building ICT regulatory capacity in developing economies: a learning framework for regulators
Authors: Goulden Brian 
Published: July 2005

PurposeThe credibility of information and communication technology (ICT) regulatory bodies is crucial to governing the sector but developing countries in particular face a difficult task in developing skilled and competent staff. Schware, in an article published in 2003, suggested appropriate functions, structures and best operational practices for new regulatory agencies. He highlights a number of the key challenges for regulators, including the need for cross‐cutting skills, and the importance of having adequate human resources to fulfil the regulatory mission. This article attempts to move the capacity‐building agenda forward to facilitate the development of people to meet Schware's recommendations – in particular his proposal for professional training.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based upon experience of working with a number of agencies.FindingsThis paper proposes a learning framework for regulatory staff that will enable adoption of a consistent approach to learning and embed learning as a routine activity for all regulatory staff.Originality/valueThis article attempts to move the capacity building agenda forward to facilitate the development of people particularly regarding professional training.
IP telephony and voice over broadband
Authors: Graham Terence , Ure John 
Published: July 2005

PurposeTo consider the various challenges raised by Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP). These include commercial, technological, marketing and regulatory issues.Design/methodology/approachFirst explores the technological issues, such as quality assurance and load control, then marketing issues by contrasting the various service providers and their approaches, and finally regulatory concerns by comparing European and US approaches to issues such as emergency services, numbering, law enforcement and security.FindingsVoIP raises complex questions beyond whether or not consumers get cheaper telephone calls. IP technology is ushering in a world of peer‐to‐peer communications that provides opportunities (and dangers) for multiple business models and players.Originality/valueProvides an overview of the issues raised by a potentially disruptive technology and contributes a perspective on the opportunities and threats for incumbents and new entrants to the market.
An investigation into internationalisation among mobile telecommunication companies in 2003
Authors: Whalley Jason , Curwen Peter 
Published: July 2005

PurposeTo assess the extent to which the owners of mobile telecommunication companies could be said to be internationalised at the end of 2003, and to make comparisons among them.Design/methodology/approachA database is created, based upon the analysis of 39 mobile telcos' international footprints, which is designed to permit the calculation of the extent of internationalisation based upon two contrasting, but related measures.FindingsA comparison of the internationalisation status of the 39 telcos at the end of 2003 broken down by region.Research limitations/implicationsSome difficulties with measurement of the main variables were met but satisfactorily resolved.Practical implicationsIndividual mobile telcos are constantly making comments in the media about their internationalisation strategy. This study provides a context for such comments and provides the opportunity to assess individual overseas investments in the light of a company's existing overseas profile.Originality/valueThe approach employed for the assessment of internationalisation is entirely new and unique.
Good corporate practices in poor corporate governance systems
Authors: Cornelius Peter 
Published: July 2005

PurposeAttempts to benchmark corporate governance practices have focused primarily on developed capital markets, whereas cross‐country comparisons remain difficult for emerging markets. Given the growing importance of emerging markets as an asset class, this paper attempts to shed some light on the quality of governance practices in a large sample of countries and the extent to which that quality may offset perceived weaknesses in the institutional framework in which companies operate.Design/methodology/approachIn the absence of comparable data for many emerging markets, the paper employs new survey evidence from the World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Report.FindingsThe analysis suggests the following: first, legal institutions play a key role for corporate governance, but other factors, such as politics and cultural and historical roots, matter too. While corporate governance practices in emerging markets tend to be weaker than in developed capital markets, several emerging markets have already made substantial progress in upgrading their practices and, as their institutions continue to emerge, the existing quality gap looks set to narrow further. There are several countries whose companies on average appear to follow better practices than the quality of their legal and regulatory environments would suggest.Research limitations/implicationsGood corporate governance at the company level need not be tied or constrained by its local environment. That good company practices may at least partly offset weak framework conditions and could have important implications for the mode of entry foreign investors choose, an issue to be left for further research.Originality/valueOverall, the paper's main contribution lies in its novel approach to disaggregate different levels of corporate governance, thus allowing a more textured assessment of corporate governance risk.
Responding to global business critical issues
Authors: Fiona Cumming Jane , Bettridge Neela , Toyne Paul 
Published: July 2005

PurposeThe main aim of this research was to review which FTSE 350 companies were responding to social, ethical and environmental business‐critical global issues such as climate change, governance and technology. If they were, did this response result in innovation and transformation? The 14 issues were identified by a range of business practitioners and experts through a visioning exercise.Design/methodology/approachIndependent data analysis of the companies, excluding around 50 investment trusts, by SERM Rating Agency provided a sector review of how companies were innovating or transforming their business as a response to the 14 issues. This review identified 40 companies as being most active in demonstrating their response. Of these 40, further analysis identified ten companies that showed signs of innovation or transformation.FindingsThe identified ten companies demonstrated evidence of pilot business transformation (or incremental innovation towards transformation) as a direct result of responding to the issues. For example, a mining company's HIV treatment program for its workers in South Africa. Most approaches were characterized by a wide‐ranging series of incremental changes, with no convincing examples yet existing of transformation implemented across the entirety of the company's operations. Hints of this radical direction, however, are evident from the vision statements of several organizations.Research limitations/implicationsThe research methodology is dependent on publicly available evidence. However, the implication of the research findings is that the 14 issues identified can be viewed as opportunities rather than obligations. Realizing the opportunity relies on integrating the issues in the core strategy of the organization.Practical implicationsThis paper provides insight for business strategists and practitioners into potential new ways of working by companies. It illuminates an emerging source of innovation and ultimately business transformation driven by the growing significance of world issues to implementing corporate strategy and delivering sustainable profit.Originality/valueThe value of this paper is in the insight it provides on how companies are finding a source of innovation through responding to global issues.
Dealing with a global issue: contributing to poverty alleviation
Authors: Denby Wilkes Vincent 
Published: July 2005

PurposeTo present one approach to integrating societal expectations in business as adopted by Electricité de France through their Access to Energy Program.Design/methodology/approachThe objective is achieved through three main actions, one of which is explored here: rural electrification through the setting‐up of rural energy services companies in developing countries which bring energy (electricity or gas) services to isolated populations, thereby encouraging the development of local economic activities and contributing to poverty reduction.FindingsFindings range from the importance of an existing and suitable institutional framework, through the reduction of start‐up costs and the cash‐flow problems of these small companies, to the definition of a sustainable model (fee for service) and the provision of accompanying services (gas, water, telephone, etc.) and capacity building.Research limitations/implicationsFurther research will be determined following monitoring and evaluation feedback from these local companies.Practical implicationsWorking in countries with suitable institutional frameworks and with grant financing to cover most of initial equipment investment to keep tariffs low. Establishing local business zones with higher power levels to encourage local economic development. Ensuring maximum equipment efficiency (particularly batteries).Originality/valueIdentification of a sustainable model in rural electrification that is now being replicated on a major scale in Morocco and South Africa.
Exploring leadership in times of paradox and complexity
Authors: Martin André , Ernst Christopher 
Published: July 2005

PurposeIncreasingly, organizations are faced with complex challenges stemming from integrating societal change into business. These challenges create new demands for leadership. The paper aims at more clearly identifying these leadership demands and possible courses of development.Design/methodology/approachBased on an exploratory, multi‐method program of research at the Center for Creative Leadership, this paper reports on cross‐national data from 157 practicing managers to uncover the patterns that exist between the societal context, organizations, and the changing nature of leadership. Specifically, the paper addresses the following questions: What skills do individual leaders need to be successful in the future? How is leadership at the organizational level different today, and what will it look like in the future? Are there differences between the US and non‐US populations in their view of organizational leadership? What is the current capacity of organizations to accomplish leadership?FindingsResults demonstrate a shift in the practice of leadership from more traditional, individual approaches to more innovative, collaborative approaches. Further, the comparison of non‐US with US data shows that non‐US populations expect more innovative leadership approaches/philosophies in the future.Research limitations/implicationsThe implications for research are discussed in terms of expanding the definition of leadership, while implications for practice are framed within the context of emerging approaches to leadership development.Originality/valueThis paper will be of value to those practicing leaders, researchers, and development specialists who are interested in exploring the frontiers of leadership in times of paradox and complexity.
Changing governance patterns and CSR
Authors: Körner Klaus 
Published: July 2005

PurposeThe discussion around CSR has so far centered on methods and on scope rather than on the potential relevance for corporate governance and governance more general. This paper addresses this void.Design/methodology/approachAfter reviewing the discussion the paper maps out the broader context of change and of global trends. Focusing on stakeholders, it explores the potential influence of CSR as a different mindset to address corporate and public governance issues.FindingsAn innovative approach of constantly seeking for actions that take all stakeholders' perception into account is leading to more sustainable solutions in an economic, environmental and societal sense. System analysis has shown that even incremental repetitive adaptations can strengthen a system.Practical implicationsThe paper addresses issues relevant for corporate and public governance and could open new areas for research.Originality/valueThe paper applies innovative insight from systems analysis and philosophy to CSR.
Conservation of promoter, coding and intronic regions of the non‐classical MHC class II DYA gene suggests evolution under functional constraints
Authors: Ballingall K. T. , McKeever D. J. 
Published: July 2005

SummaryThe major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in ruminants contains a unique pair of class II genes (DYA and DYB) of unknown function. As functional genes show higher levels of nucleotide conservation than pseudogenes we compared the DYA genes from sheep and cattle, two species which diverged from a common ancestor approximately 20 million years ago. Comparative analysis identified levels of nucleotide conservation in immediate promoter (97%), coding (94%) and intronic regions (91%) comparable with functional MHC genes. The Ovar‐DYA transcript revealed an open reading frame encoding a 288 amino acid protein compared with a 253 amino acid protein associated with the BoLA‐DYA transcript. A dinucleotide deletion in exon 4 of the Ovar‐DYA transcript combined with alternative exon 5 splice sites introduces unusual diversity to the cytoplasmic domain of the Ovar‐DYα polypeptide. The degree of conservation between these class II MHC genes is consistent with evolution under purifying selection suggesting that these genes retain a unique function in ruminants.
Molecular cloning, expression and radiation hybrid mapping of the bovine deiodinase type II (DIO2) and deiodinase type III (DIO3) genes1
Authors: Connor E. E. , Laiakis E. C. , Fernandes V. M. , Williams J. L. , Capuco A. V. 
Published: July 2005

SummaryThyroid hormones play a critical role in mammalian development and metabolism. Their activity is regulated in a complex, tissue‐specific manner by three isoforms of deiodinases. The goal of this study was to sequence the full‐length bovine type II deiodinase (DIO2) and type III deiodinase (DIO3) cDNAs and characterize mRNA expression levels of each of the three deiodinase isoforms in several bovine tissues. Sequencing of bovine DIO2 and DIO3 cDNAs revealed a high degree of predicted amino acid sequence identity with their orthologs in other mammalian species and demonstrated the conservation of selenocysteine residues within the catalytic domains of both bovine proteins. Bovine DIO2 and DIO3 were positioned on chromosomes 10 and 21, respectively, by radiation hybrid mapping. Expression patterns of the three deiodinase isoforms were similar for deiodinase type I (DIO1) and DIO2 to those observed in other species. Expression level of DIO3 transcripts was greatest in mammary gland and kidney, although low‐level expression was detected in most tissues sampled. Results of this work will aid in the study of deiodinase gene expression and thyroid hormone regulation in cattle.
A high‐resolution radiation hybrid map of bovine chromosome 5q1.3–q2.5 compared with human chromosome 12q
Authors: Mömke S. , Drögemüller C. , Distl O. 
Published: July 2005

SummaryIn this study we present a comprehensive 3000‐rad radiation hybrid map on bovine chromosome 5 (BTA5) of a region between 12.8 and 74.0 cM according to the linkage map, which contains a quantitative trait loci for ovulation rate. We mapped 28 gene‐associated sequence tagged site markers derived from sequences of bovine BAC clones and 10 microsatellite markers to the BTA5 region. In comparison with HSA12q, four blocks of conserved synteny were apparent showing three chromosomal breakpoints and two inversions in this segment of BTA5. Therefore, we have improved breakpoint resolution in the human–bovine comparative map, which enhances the determination of candidate genes underlying traits of interest mapped to BTA5.
Differential gene expression in liver of inbred chickens and their hybrid offspring
Authors: Sun D. , Wang D. , Zhang Y. , Yu Y. , Xu G. , Li J. 
Published: July 2005

SummaryDifferential display of mRNA was used to analyse the differences of gene expression in liver between chicken hybrids and their parents in a 4 × 4 diallel crosses in order to study the molecular basis of heterosis in chickens. The results indicated that patterns of gene expression in hybrids differ significantly from their parents. Four patterns of differential gene expression were revealed, which included: (i) bands only detected in the hybrid F1s (UNF1); (ii) bands only absent in the hybrid F1s (ABF1); (iii) bands only detected in the parental P1 or P2 lines (UNP1 and UNP2) and (iv) bands absent in the parental P1 or P2 lines (ABP1 and ABP2). In addition, correlations between patterns of gene expression and heterosis percentages of nine carcass traits of 8‐week‐old chickens were evaluated. Statistical results showed that negative correlations between heterosis percentages and the percentage of F1‐specific bands (UNF1) were significant at P < 0.01 for breast muscle yield, leg muscle yield, wing weight, eviscerated weight and eviscerated weight with giblet of 8‐week‐old chickens, and at P < 0.05 for intermuscular fat width. Heterosis percentage was negatively correlated with ABP (bands present in the hybrid F1s and one parental line but absent in the other parental line, ABP1 and ABP2) for breast muscle yield, leg muscle yield, wing weight, eviscerated weight and eviscerated weight with giblet of 8‐week‐old chickens (P < 0.01). Bands detected only in the hybrid F1s but not in either of the parental lines (UNF1) and bands absent in parental P1 or P2 lines (which includes ABP1 and ABP2) may play important roles in chicken heterosis.
Chromosomal assignment of chicken clone contigs by extending the consensus linkage map
Authors: Aerts J. A. , Veenendaal T. , Van Der Poel J. J. , Crooijmans R. P. M. A. , Groenen M. A. M. 
Published: July 2005

SummaryThe bacterial artificial clone‐based physical map for chicken plays an important role in the integration of the consensus linkage map and the whole‐genome shotgun sequence. It also provides a valuable resource for clone selection within applications such as fluorescent in situ hybridization and positional cloning. However, a substantial number of clone contigs have not yet been assigned to a chromosomal location or have an ambiguous chromosome assignment. In this study, 86 single nucleotide polymorphism markers derived from 86 clones were mapped on the genetic map. These markers added anchoring information for 56 clone contigs and 13 individual clones, covering a total of 57 145 clones.