bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Henry John , TraCy Steven C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“Put your John Henry right there,” my father cracked with a twinkle and a double knuckle-nudge to the bicep of a customer at the Oakley Gulf gas station where we worked in Cincinnati in the 1970s, indicating that the customer needed to sign the credit card receipt for his purchase. I later learned that it was not only my father who made this substitution—it was, in fact, rather common. It is a mark of the fame of the John Henry legend that John Henry’s name can displace in the popular mind the signature of a founding father and first signer of the Declaration of In- dependence. In legend, John Hancock expressed defiance of King George, or John Bull, as he affixed his now-famous signature to the epochal document; as legend, John Henry acted out his defiance of authority and mechanization for the marginalized with his signature nine-, ten- (sometimes even twenty) pound hammer in a battle of epic dimensions. John Henry was the quintessential natural man, who wielded his hammer on behalf of himself and the dignity of the common man and, as attested by the numerous ballads collected and recorded multi-annually over the years, as well as his life in art and literature and even on Madison Avenue, was an exceedingly popular figure himself. Like the character “John Henry,” the ballad emerged from humble origins in oppressed and abused African American communities to become known the world over as the chronicle of incredible strength and perseverance that demonstrates that winning what seems to be a Pyrrhic victory can, through the chronicle, actually be winning the war.
The Methodology for Interpretation of the CISG
Authors: Zeller Bruno 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the problems in contract law is deciding which remedial system is available to an aggrieved party. Solutions to this problem vary between legal systems. For example, the fault principle is commonly discussed in civil law under the heading of legal effect of failure in performance, whereas in common law whether fault is a prerequisite for liability is viewed as a substantive rather than a remedial question. In the CISG and other international model laws such as the UNIDROIT Principles, fault is not mentioned as a requirement of any remedy.
Article 74: A General Overview
Authors: Zeller Bruno 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Article 74 allows the aggrieved party to claim damages for any breach of a contract. Although a breach of a contract leads to a claim of damages contrary to some municipal laws, “it will not lead to the avoidance of the contract as a matter of law.” There is no doubt that the right to claim damages is the single most important remedy available under the CISG and, as the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce, commented “a far-reaching provision.” As noted in chapter 4, the substantive rule as to breaches of contract is contained in article 45 or article 61. Article 74 explains only the extent or measurement of any liability of a breaching party.
Special Damages: Interest Rates
Authors: Zeller Bruno 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Bonell, as the sole arbitrator in a Vienna arbitration proceeding, posed the following question: Is the rate of interest subject to domestic law or gap filling pursuant to general principles underlying the convention? He concluded that the second view, that it is subject to gap filling, was the correct approach because the immediate recourse to a particular domestic law may lead to results which are incompatible with the principle embodied in Art. 78 of the CISG, at least in the case where the law in question expressly prohibits the payment of interest. One of the general principles underlying the CISG is that of “full compensa tion” of the loss caused (cf. Art. 74).
The Principles of European Contract Law and the CISG
Authors: Zeller Bruno 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As a parallel development to the UNIDROIT Principles, the European Commission and other organizations supported a project under the leadership of Ole Lando to draw up a set of contract laws and principles. The current rules are the culmination of work that started in 1982. Not unlike the UNIDROIT Principles, the rules have been drawn up by an independent body of experts from each member state of the European Union. As pointed out in the previous chapter, the UNIDROIT Principles are useful in the interpretation of the CISG. This chapter will investigate whether the PECL assist equally well in the interpretation of the CISG.
Conclusion and Observations
Authors: Zeller Bruno 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The starting point of this book was the observation that an effective dispute resolution mechanism is critical to the success of an economy. The problem is that solutions to dispute resolution vary between legal systems. The CISG, adopted on April 11, 1980, and sponsored by UNCITRAL, has attempted to harmonize substantive contract law. However, this unification or harmonization attempt has not been without its critics. Views were expressed that a uni%cation attempt is both unwise and doomed to fail.
Krishna Growing Up
Authors: Hawley John Stratton 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“This night in the month of Bhādon. , this dark night— Soldiers have closed the streets, dear, they’ve shut the doors, and the fear of Kam. s is heavy everywhere. The clouds are rumbling. Now it’s started to pour. The Jamunā’s waves are high, its waters black, And the only thought in every heart is this: how to keep the child’s bright face obscured? Husband, why did I heed your words that day? Better I’d been slaughtered there and then, For look at this child, and tell me how a mother could live if torn from such a son.” Devakī’s wail was heard by the One who pities the poor and removes his servants’ pain: The chains were loosed, says Sūr, the gates undone. He gave her his wisdom and banished her distress. “Braj has been blessed with a headman’s son”— and when the news traveled to everyone How they were filled with joy! The worthy astrologers of Gokul, Seeing that all the merits of the family’s past had planted in the earth an unshakable pillar, Searched pairings of planets, the powers of the stars, and chanted the sounds of the Veda. When the Braj women heard, they all came running, dressed in their natural way, Yet decking themselves with their newest clothes and applying mascara to their eyes.
Krishna Departs for Mathura, Never to Return
Authors: Hawley John Stratton 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Mathura has decked herself out today Like a bride, oh Hari, when her husband comes: she’s dressed in finery. Curtains embroidered with coral and quartz are parted from latticed oriels As if her eyes had forgotten how to close at the prospect of beholding you. The charm of umbrellas arrayed on high rooftops makes her seem to flower as she gazes out, Revealing breasts that look like golden jars as in happiness her bodice slips away. Her ramparts are a waistband of tinkling bells; her gardens, garments of manifold hues; And ornaments fashioned of glorious palaces lend splendor to her beautiful limbs. A thicket of deep-toned gongs make anklets that sound at her feet, And the wandering, fluttering upper end of her sari is found in the flags the houses fly. Hero of Braj, look closely. Consider how matchless, how entrancing her form. Lord of Su¯rdās, conquer Kam. s! Become this city’s king! The people of Mathura felt great joy When Nanda’s Delight, dressed like a fine actor, arrived with Akru¯r at his side. First the Mind-Beguiler killed the washerman, awarding the clothes to his cowherd band, Then he broke the bow—a sophisticated act, made a mere toy of the elephant, And came on stage slapping his thighs with his mighty arms as a challenge to Mus.t.ik and Cānur. The women of the city cursed King Kam. S for mounting such an unfair match; Bass drums, kettle drums,
Rāmāyan. A
Authors: Hawley John Stratton 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“Listen, my own little brother, so many aspects of this jungle conspire to steal Jānakī away, Making my eyes encounter certain reminders of features she once had. The lion has her waist; the koel bird, her voice; the moon, the brilliance of her face; The luster in her eyes appears in a herd of deer— nothing is hidden from sight. The campā bloom keeps her color in view; the lotus, her hands and feet; the pomegranate, her teeth; The swan, the way she walks; the red bandhūk, her lips; and a snake, the matchless braid that binds her hair.” The deep pathos of the Raghus’ Lord, the master, makes an instant expand to seem an age. Overpowered—Sūr’s Lord—by the love of the one he loves, he’s forgotten what grandeur is his own. Now that you’ve seen me in such a state, as you go, what more message need I send? Listen, oh monkey: how much longer can I keep my lifebreath under guard? It’s a very restless thing. It wants to depart. It no longer thinks at all. I only restrain it by calling, calling his name, and thereby closing, closing the door of my mouth. Hanumān, I fear to trouble you with knowledge of so humble a thing, But never has he heard such misery, says Sūr— that mercy-loving husband of mine.
Corrective and Distributive Justice
Authors: Englard Izhak 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Corrective and Distributive Justice: From Aristotle to Modern Times retraces the intricate history of the distinction between corrective and distributive justice. This distinction is elaborated in the 5th book of Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics, which was rediscovered in Western Europe in the 12th and 13th centuries by the Scholastics and turned into a central topic in legal and theological scholarship. After a decline of interest in the wake of the enlightenment and secularization, a surprising revival of these notions of justice occurred in U.S. legal and philosophical discourse during the last four decades that has made this distinction a central issue in tort law, restitution and other important fields of private and public law. In literally hundreds of articles and a considerable number of books, the Aristotelian distinction has been elaborated, discussed, and applied. Englard’s unique contribution to this aspect of legal history grants the contemporary reader a historical perspective that is vital for a deepened understanding of the distinction and modern concerns. Organized chronologically, Englard’s research covers: Aristotle, High Scholastics, Late Scholastics, Post-Scholastics, and Modernity. The relevant literature is notoriously difficult to access, not only because of its Latin language, but because of the physical rarity of the relevant books scattered throughout the world. This book offers the modern reader a touchstone synthesis of intellectual and legal history.
The Starting Point Aristotle’s Classification of Justice
Authors: Englard Izhak 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
ARISTOTLE’S FAMOUS ANALYSIS of the notion of justice in the Fifth Book of his Nicomachean Ethics remains unsurpassed.1 It has exercised an enormous influence throughout the ages and remains relevant to this very day.2 Aristotle’s starting point is the concept of virtue: justice can be a complete virtue or a partial one. Justice as complete virtue is called by him the legal or universal justice; justice as partial virtue is called particular justice.3 The distinction between these two virtue-related notions of justice can be better illustrated by referring to their opposites: manifold vices, such as lasciviousness, cowardice, and anger; hence, universal justice is reached by overcoming these different vices. Particular justice, on the other hand, means the overcoming of a particular vice, namely that of desiring more than what belongs to oneself (pleonexia).4 The outcome of that vice is inequality; hence, particular justice is the justice of equality (iustitia aequalitatis).5 It has been suggested that the Aristotelian basic distinction between universal (legal) justice and particular justice may have its origin in the ancient dual divinities of Themis and Dike, one representing the divine-royal commandments, the other the law immanent in humanity.6 On the other hand, it is noteworthy that Aristotle in defining the “legal” justice does not elaborate on the specific content of that general law and its relationship to ethics. He seems to emphasize the mental attitude and the habit of abiding by the law of the state as the basis of all virtue, without examining the inherent value of the specific legal system. The latter may, indeed, be only incompletely just and, therefore, of merely hypothetical (relative) value.7
Post-Scholastic Writers
Authors: Englard Izhak 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
THE TRANSITION FROM SCHOLASTICISM TO POST-SCHOLASTICISM WAS evidently a gradual matter. It signifies on the one hand, a critical approach toward medieval scholastic thought by a direct return to the classical thinkers of the antiquity. It is the period of the so-called Renaissance characterized by the activity of the humanists.534 But, on the other hand, it could also mean a critical approach to Aristotle himself.535 The critique of Aristotle was considerably enhanced during the succeeding era of the Enlightenment.536 In the limited framework of our study, we will concentrate on the Aristotelian distinction of justice.537 Naturally, not all humanist scholars added original ideas to the classical distinction; many limited themselves to a rather succinct description of Aristotle’s writings.538 This is especially true for the literary genre of compendiums for students of Aristotle’s Ethics, works that concentrated on the original text.539 Besides the reliance on Greek and Roman sources, one finds in the post-reformation theological-moral literature an enhanced reference to biblical quotations in support of the Aristotelian notions of justice.540
Beckett’s Machinations
Authors: North Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Modern comedy in the middle of the twentieth century was more or less defined by the works of Samuel Beckett. Recycling costumes, props, and routines from vaudeville and the circus by bringing them into a bleak, postapocalyptic atmosphere, Beckett established a kind of black comedy as one of the dominant aesthetic forms of the century. For the appreciative world that awarded Beckett the Nobel Prize in 1969, bleakness and comedy made a seductive and powerful combination, as the comedy helped to take much of the sting out of the apparent pessimism that had established Beckett’s credentials as a serious thinker. Humor, as Paul Sheehan has recently suggested, is the means by which “antihumanist pessimism and alienation” become therapeutic and even heroic.
A More Than Infinite Jest
Authors: North Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Infinite Jest is an enormous, transfixingly complex novel about a film, also called Infinite Jest, that is so compelling, those who sit down to watch it never stand up again.1 Among the possible prototypes for this unusual plot device, Beckett’s Film may seem one of the least likely, but the similarities are striking nonetheless. In Film, all the characters who look into the camera are struck down in some mysterious way, including O, who is finally paralyzed by the image of himself as E, staring fixedly out of the camera lens. In fact, another work in the filmography of the creator of Infinite Jest resembles Film even more closely. Partly animated, this film features a carnival attraction in which one group of spectators is induced to “watch performers undergo unspeakable degradations so compelling that the spectators’ eyes become larger and larger until the spectators themselves are transformed into gigantic eyeballs in chairs,” while another group is invited to perform unspeakable degradations so that they can watch “ordinary persons gradually turn into gigantic eyeballs” (IJ, 988).
Tibetan Indigenous Myths and Rituals with Reference to the Ancient Bön Text The Nyenbum (Gnyan’bum)
Authors: Karmay Samten G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It was in Kyoto University, in 2006, while working on the sources of a fourteenth-century Bön text, 1 that I stumbled upon a collection of Bön canonical works. There are four texts in this collection: They are concerned with four types of spirits believed to dwell in the natural environment, such as water, mountain, ground, and rocks. The Lubum, the first of the four texts, is in three volumes. It is about the lu or water spirits (nāga in Buddhist texts). This text is known to scholars from the studies of A. Schiefnerand R. A. Stein,but the remaining three of the four have hardly been investigated by any scholars until now. It is the second, the Nyenbum, The Nyen Collection, that is the.
Continuity and Change in Tibetan Mahāyoga Ritual:Some Evidence from the Tabzhag (Thabs zhags) Manuscript and Other Dunhuang Texts
Authors: Cantwell Cathy , Mayer Rob 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As with so many other archaeological sources from around the world, it is always tempting to try to use the Dunhuang manuscripts as a basis for significant historical generalizations far beyond their direct remit. However, we must accept that this will always remain a potentially perilous undertaking, because these manuscripts, dating to the early eleventh century or before, wonderful though they are, in fact comprise only a partial and possibly unrepresentative sample of the total manuscript corpus of their time, since all are taken from a single multiethnic location situated at a geographical and political extremity of the Tibetan cultural world. Nevertheless, it is quite proper that we do try to derive some broader meaning from such an extraordinary historical treasure as the Dunhuang Tibetan texts: there is little doubt they can shed a brilliant if partial light on the wider Tibetan world before the “New [Translation]” (Gsar ma pa) period.
Chilu (‘Chi bslu):Rituals for “Deceiving Death”
Authors: Mengele Irmgard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To counteract the “degeneration” of their life-force, and to remove adverse conditions (rkyen sel) that befall them, Tibetans seek the help of a variety of religious virtuosos. These specialists have at their disposal a wide array of sophisticated rituals serving one or more of the following purposes: (1) protection, (2) purification of negative deeds, (3) increase of merit, (4) elimination of obstacles, (5) fulfillment of wishes, (6) long life or prolonging of the life span, (7) health and (8) enhancement of the healing power of medicine. Astrological calculations to determine propitious stellar configurations also play a role in the elimination of obstacles, allowing one to carefully choose the day and time to set out on a journey, to marry, to start a new business, and so forth. Tibetans believe that every twelfth year in one’s life, when the animal sign of one’s birth year reoccurs, is an obstacle-year (lo keg). One is advised to avoid any risky undertakings during that year, and before the beginning of the year one visits a lama who may advise one to go on a pilgrimage, or to have certain rituals—like the tsetar (tshe thar) or “liberation of the lives of animals”—performed.
Texts as Deities: Mongols’ Rituals of Worshipping S¯utras, and Rituals of Accomplishing Various Goals by Means of S¯utras
Authors: Wallace Vesna A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
From an impressively large variety of Mongolian Buddhist rituals, I have selected for discussion in this chapter two types of rituals: (1) those involving the veneration of popular Maha¯ya¯na su¯ tras that are accepted as tutelary deities (yi dam) by the Mongols and that promise various mundane and spiritual blessings to those who venerate, copy, and recite them, and (2) the protective and healing rituals that integrate the recitation of these su¯ tras for the sake of pragmatic aims. I hope that this brief analysis will shed light on some of the ways in which these rituals illuminate Mongolian Buddhist culture and prevailing attitudes toward ritual, particularly toward the ritual role of certain Maha¯ya¯na scriptures.
The Ritual Veneration of Mongolia’s Mountains
Authors: Lindahl Jared R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Despite the obvious influence of Tibetan Buddhism upon the religious landscape of Mongolia, Mongolian Buddhism is not simply Tibetan Buddhism in Mongolia, just as Tibetan Buddhism is not simply Indian Buddhism in Tibet. Previous scholarship on the ritual manuals that engage Mongolia’s local deities has tended to consider these rituals as instances of the corruption of Buddhism by “Shamanism.”Rather than argue that the introduction of Buddhism to Mongolia resulted in an unfortunate hybrid tradition of ritual practice, I suggest that ritual was an oblique strategy that Buddhists intentionally used “in order to emplace themselves within a local society”2—in the process, converting indigenous practices into Buddhist practices. Although ritual theorists unanimously acknowledge that place is a significant component to the understanding of ritual, there is a difference of opinion regarding exactly how significant place is.
Shakespeare the Theatre-Poet
Authors: Hapgood Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Shakespeare the theatre-poet is a maker of theatre-events. Elizabethans invariably called the author of a play a ‘poet’, in the Greek sense of ‘maker’. I call Shakespeare a ‘theatre-poet’ in that sense: he makes theatre. In using the term I am not thus referring to the fact that he wrote most of his dialogue in the form of verse. The ‘theatre’ in ‘theatre-poet’ refers to what is now commonly called a ‘theatre¬ event’, the coming together of players and playgoers to imagine the world outlined in the playwright’s script, complete with characters, plot, dialogue, and atmosphere. Obviously the making of a theatre-event is a collaborative act. The playwright, the players, and the playgoers comprise a performance¬ ensemble, to which each makes a distinctive and necessary contribution. It is a partnership within which each participant has a considerable degree of autonomy.
Point of View and Viewpoint
Authors: Hapgood Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The illusion that the life of a play is, like real life, taking place before our eyes, at that very moment, is one of the most powerful of dramatic appeals. It has often been cheapened by the modern literalist theatre, which has sought to create this effect through mere slice-of-life fidelity to surfaces. But at best it has kept its powers intact. For this first-hand point of view is an appeal unique to the dramatic form. Other forms can only aspire to it. Flaubert and Henry James, and their followers, have sought to adopt a dramatic point of view in the novel; yet in the nature of the form we can never actually see or hear their characters: we can only read their words. Film and television come closer; yet the camera’s eye, however privileged, never seems as free and trustworthy as our own eyes. For full effect, we must feel that we are seeing for ourselves, without intermediary, as in life.
Taking Johnson Seriously
Authors: Parker G F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Shakespeare is above all writers, at least above all modern writers, the poet of nature. Johnson’s experience of Shakespeare as the poet of nature animates the whole of his account in the Preface to Shakespeare; on that central perception he rests his claim for Shakespeare’s abiding greatness, and from it all his other observations flow. The present study inquires what it is to read Shakespeare in that way; it endeavours to grasp Johnson’s meaning sympathetically enough to begin to see Shakespeare through Johnson’s eyes, and to reflect on the implications of his appreciation for our own ways of reading.