bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of KLF9 in airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary
Authors: Gu Peijie , Wang Zhen , Yu Xin , Wu Nan , Wu Liang , Li Yihang , Hu Xiaodong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an airway‐associated lung disorder, resulting in airway inflammation. This article aimed to explore the role of the krüppel‐like factor 9 (KLF9)/microRNA (miR)‐494‐3p/phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) axis in airway inflammation and pave a theoretical foundation for the treatment of COPD.MethodsThe COPD mouse model was established by exposure to cigarette smoke, followed by measurements of total cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and hematoxylin and eosin staining. The COPD cell model was established on human lung epithelial cells BEAS‐2B using cigarette smoke extract. Cell viability was assessed by cell counting kit‐8 assay. miR‐494‐3p, KLF9, PTEN, and NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) levels in tissues and cells were measured by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction or Western blot assay. Inflammatory factors (TNF‐α/IL‐6/IL‐8/IFN‐γ) were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Interactions among KLF9, miR‐494‐3p, and PTEN 3′UTR were verified by chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual‐luciferase assays.ResultsKLF9 was upregulated in lung tissues of COPD mice. Inhibition of KLF9 alleviated airway inflammation, reduced intrapulmonary inflammatory cell infiltration, and repressed NLRP3 expression. KLF9 bound to the miR‐494‐3p promoter and increased miR‐494‐3p expression, and miR‐494‐3p negatively regulated PTEN expression. miR‐494‐3p overexpression or Nigericin treatment reversed KLF9 knockdown‐driven repression of NLRP3 inflammasome and inflammation.ConclusionKLF9 bound to the miR‐494‐3p promoter and repressed PTEN expression, thereby facilitating NLRP3 inflammasome‐mediated inflammation.
The Cellular Environment Guides Self‐Assembly and Structural Conformations of Microtubule‐Associated Protein Tau (MAPT)
Authors: Montgomery Kelly M. , Samelson Avi J. , Gestwicki Jason E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn neurodegenerative tauopathies, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), microtubule‐associated protein tau (MAPT/tau) transitions from a soluble form to insoluble, filamentous lesions inside affected neurons. During this process, tau adopts a range of physical configurations: from misfolded monomers to higher‐order oligomers and fibrils. Tau aggregation is also associated with changes in post‐translational modifications (PTMs), such as ubiquitination, oxidation, glycation, hyper‐phosphorylation and acetylation, which collectively produce an impressive range of possible tau proteoforms. Many of these tau proteoforms are highly cationic and unlikely to self‐assemble without neutralization of their charges. Indeed, tau fibrils from patients contain anionic biomacromolecules and bound proteins, suggesting that cytosolic components contribute to fibrilligenesis. Here, we review what is known about how the cytosol impacts tau's aggregation pathways. We also speculate that the composition of each brain region (e. g., redox state, tau proteoforms, levels of permissive polyanions, etc.) might play an active role in shaping the structure of the resulting tau fibrils. Although much remains to be discovered, a greater understanding of the role of the cytosol on tau self‐assembly might lead to identification of new therapeutic targets.
Preterm infant mental health in the neonatal intensive care unit: A review of research on NICU parent‐infant interactions and maternal sensitivity
Authors: Hartzell Georgina , Shaw Richard J. , Givrad Soudabeh 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCaregiving relationships in the postnatal period are critical to an infant's development. Preterm infants and their parents face unique challenges in this regard, with infants experiencing separation from parents, uncomfortable procedures, and increased biologic vulnerability, and parents facing difficulties assuming caregiver roles and increased risk for psychological distress. To better understand the NICU parent‐infant relationship, we conducted a review of the literature and identified 52 studies comparing observed maternal, infant, and dyadic interaction behavior in preterm dyads with full‐term dyads. Eighteen of 40 studies on maternal behavior found less favorable behavior, including decreased sensitivity and more intrusiveness in mothers of preterm infants, seven studies found the opposite, four studies found mixed results, and 11 studies found no differences. Seventeen of 25 studies on infant behavior found less responsiveness in preterm infants, two studies found the opposite, and the remainder found no difference. Eighteen out of 14 studies on dyad‐specific behavior reported less synchrony in preterm dyads and the remainder found no differences. We identify confounding factors that may explain variations in results, present an approach to interpret existing data by framing differences in maternal behavior as potentially adaptive in the context of prematurity, and suggest future areas for exploration.
Distinct responses of airborne abundant and rare microbial communities to atmospheric changes associated with Chinese New Year
Authors: Li Hu , Hong You‐Wei , Gao Meng‐Ke , An Xin‐Li , Yang Xiao‐Ru , Zhu Yong‐Guan , Chen Jin‐Sheng , Su Jian‐Qiang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAirborne microorganisms, including pathogens, would change with surrounding environments and become issues of global concern due to their threats to human health. Microbial communities typically contain a few abundant but many rare species. However, how the airborne abundant and rare microbial communities respond to environmental changes is still unclear, especially at hour scale. Here, we used a sequencing approach based on bacterial 16S rRNA genes and fungal ITS2 regions to investigate the high time‐resolved dynamics of airborne bacteria and fungi and to explore the responses of abundant and rare microbes to the atmospheric changes. Our results showed that air pollutants and microbial communities were significantly affected by human activities related to the Chinese New Year (CNY). Before CNY, significant hour‐scale changes in both abundant and rare subcommunities were observed, while only abundant bacterial subcommunity changed with hour time series during CNY. Air pollutants and meteorological parameters explained 61.5%−74.2% variations of abundant community but only 13.3%−21.6% variations of rare communities. These results suggested that abundant species were more sensitive to environmental changes than rare taxa. Stochastic processes predominated in the assembly of abundant communities, but deterministic processes determined the assembly of rare communities. Potential bacterial pathogens during CNY were the highest, suggesting an increased health risk of airborne microbes during CNY. Overall, our findings highlighted the “holiday effect” of CNY on airborne microbes and expanded the current understanding of the ecological mechanisms and health risks of microbes in a changing atmosphere.
Science teachers designing text use for equitable Next Generation Science instruction
Authors: Greenleaf Cynthia , Hinchman Kathleen A. , Brown Willard 
Published: October 2023

AbstractStudents need support to learn Next Generation Science practices that include use of such texts as investigative records and datasets, analyses and arguments, and works of other scientists. This article describes secondary school science teachers' curation and support of students' multimodal text use during their development of a library of equitable, text‐rich, phenomena‐based science units of study. Following a description of project background and inquiry methods, findings delineate how teachers collaborated to select texts, delineate roles for the texts, and use scaffolds to support students' equitable access to these texts in investigations and engineering designing. Findings also explain how the pandemic and teachers' ongoing concerns for their students' equitable learning of science and literacy practices caused teachers to amend their plans. The article concludes with a discussion of implications for science educators and others who are interested in science‐specific disciplinary literacies.
Daily use of digital technologies to feel better: Adolescents' digital emotion regulation, emotions, loneliness, and recovery, considering prior emotional problems
Authors: Scott Riley A. , Zimmer‐Gembeck Melanie J. , Gardner Alex A. , Hawes Tanya , Modecki Kathryn L. , Duffy Amanda L. , Farrell Lara J. , Waters Allison M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionAdolescents report using digital technologies for emotion regulation (digital ER), with the aim of feeling better (i.e., improving emotions and reducing loneliness). In this 7‐day diary study, we investigated associations of digital ER, emotions, and loneliness, and tested whether prior emotional problems moderated these associations.MethodParticipants were 312 Australian adolescents (Mage = 13.91, SD = 1.52; 44% boys). Daily surveys measured digital ER; end‐of‐day happiness, sadness, worry, anger, and loneliness; and peak sadness, worry, and anger. End‐of day emotions were subtracted from peak emotions to calculate emotion recovery for sadness, worry, and anger. Participants were randomly selected from two symptom strata (high/low) defined by depression and social anxiety measures collected before the diary. Data were analyzed using multilevel path modeling. Cross‐level interactions tested whether symptom strata moderated associations.ResultsDigital ER was associated with more recovery from peak to end‐of‐day sadness and worry, but also with increased sadness, worry, anger, and loneliness by the next end‐of‐day. Higher end‐of‐day loneliness was associated with increased next‐day digital ER. Prior emotional symptoms were not a significant moderator of daily digital ER and emotion associations.ConclusionAdolescents who report more digital ER in a day show more recovery from the peak of negative emotion that day, but this recovery dissipates, with digital ER also associated with increased negative emotion and loneliness by the next day for all adolescents, regardless of prior symptom status. Lonelier adolescents use more digital ER by the next day, suggesting they need support to make social connections—online or offline.
Multidisciplinary argument for the decriminalization of drugs
Authors: Gibson Sandy , Patterson Natasha , Naples Michele I. , Mitchell Michael B. , Bates Diane C. , Bowen Daniel , Dell'Angelo Tabitha , Herres Joanna , Pearson Kim , Whalen Dara , Lowe Laurie , Donaldson Robert 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis manuscript offers an overview of 11 disciplinary perspectives on the failed and destructive War on Drugs and the salutary prospects from decriminalizing drug use, including History, African American studies, Journalism, Sociology, Political Science, Cost Accounting, Urban Education, Counseling, Psychology, Nursing, and Public Health. This offers a roadmap for counselor social and political advocacy with drug policy and highlights community collaboration opportunities.
Palmatine attenuates LPS‐induced neuroinflammation through the PI3K/Akt/NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Zeng Jianning , Pei Hongyan , Wu Hong , Chen Weijia , Du Rui , He Zhongmei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTo investigate the key molecular mechanisms of palmatine for the treatment of neuroinflammation through modulation of a pathway using molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation combined with network pharmacology, and animal experiments. Five alkaloid components were obtained from the traditional Chinese medicine Huangteng through literature mining. Molecular docking and MD simulation with acetylcholinesterase were used to screen palmatine. At the animal level, mice were injected with LPS intracerebrally to cause a neuroinflammatory model, and the Morris water maze experiment was performed to examine the learning memory of mice. Anxiety levels were tested using the autonomous activity behavior experiment with the open field and elevated behavior experiments. HE staining and Niss staining were performed on brain tissue sections to observe morphological lesions and apoptosis; serum was examined for inflammatory factors TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐1β; Western blot was performed to detect the protein expression. The expression of PI3K/AKT/NFkB signaling pathway‐related proteins was examined by Western blot. The results of network pharmacology showed that the screening of palmatine activation containing the PI3K/Akt/NFkB signaling pathway exerts antineuroinflammatory effects. Results from behavioral experiments showed that Pal enhanced learning memory in model mice, improved anxiety behavior, and significantly improved brain damage caused by neuroinflammation. The results of HE staining and Niss staining of brain tissue sections showed that palmatine could alleviate morphological lesions and nucleus damage in brain tissue. Palmatine improved the levels of serum inflammatory factors TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐1β. SOD, MDA, CAT, ACH, and ACHE in the hippocampus were improved. Western blot results showed that palmatine administration ameliorated LPS‐induced neuroinflammation through the PI3K/Akt/NFkB pathway.
Exploring the roles of human values and self‐discrepancies in postnatal depression in first‐time mothers
Authors: Smith Cassandra , Hanel Paul H. P. , Maio Gregory R. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesPostnatal depression is the most prevalent psychopathology experienced within the perinatal period and has been associated with a range of adverse outcomes for both mother and infant. In the present research, we combine two influential theories, Schwartz's theory of human values and Higgins' self‐discrepancy theory (SDT), to test new hypotheses about postnatal depression.MethodsWe recruited 80 first‐time mothers who had given birth within the last 6 months and who self‐reported experiencing low mood or postnatal depression. Participants anonymously completed measures of postnatal depression, value importance, self‐discrepancies, and subjective value fulfillment.ResultsContrary to our hypotheses, actual‐ought self‐discrepancies, but not actual‐ideal self‐discrepancies, predicted postnatal depression. Interestingly however, self‐discrepancies were negatively correlated with value fulfillment. The findings within this study diverge from the relation predicted within SDT and highlight how motherhood may represent a unique circumstance, in which the “ideal self” has evolved to become a self that one feels morally obligated to embody. Further exploratory analyses revealed that depression was predicted by the difference between value fulfillment and value importance in conservation values, but not by differences between value fulfillment and value importance regarding any of the other value types.DiscussionWe discuss potential impact on discourses around motherhood, alongside clinical implications for practitioners who work with mothers during the perinatal period.
Safety of laparoscopic liver resection for high‐risk patients
Authors: Maeda Tetsuya , Otsuka Yuichiro , Okada Rei , Ito Yuko , Matsumoto Yu , Kimura Kazutaka , Ishii Jun , Tsuchiya Masaru , Kaneko Hironori , Funahashi Kimihiko 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground/PurposeTo investigate the safety of laparoscopic liver resections (LLRs) for high‐risk patients (HRs) with preoperative comorbidities affecting the heart, lungs, kidneys, glucose tolerance, and central nervous system.MethodsThis retrospective study included 585 patients who had undergone total hepatectomies from 2006 to 2020. Among them, 239 patients underwent LLRs, and 349 underwent open liver resections (OLRs). The safety and validity of LLRs were analyzed by comparing outcomes and preoperative records between HRs and nonhigh‐risk patients (nHRs). HRs were defined as patients with any type of chronic heart disease rated New York Heart Association II or higher, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease rated stage III or higher, chronic kidney disease rated stage III or higher, insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus, or cerebrovascular disease with neurological sequelae.ResultsA total of 117 LLRs (49.0%) were performed in HRs, and there were more patients with ASA class III or higher than nHRs. Complications of Clavien‐Dindo classification grade 3b or higher were not observed in HRs and in only one nHR. Furthermore, no postoperative exacerbations of the five HRs factors were observed in either group.ConclusionsRigorous assessment of surgical indications and perioperative management can promote safe LLRs, even in HRs with comorbidities.
Pneumonia is not just pneumonia: Differences in utilization and costs with common comorbidities
Authors: Lee Jessica T. , Navathe Amol S. , Werner Rachel M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe sought to explore the heterogeneity among patients hospitalized with pneumonia, a condition targeted in payment reform. In a retrospective cohort study of Medicare beneficiaries hospitalized for pneumonia, we compared postacute care utilization and costs of 90‐day episodes of care among patients with and without comorbidities of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and/or heart failure. Of the 1,926,674 discharges, 28.1% had COPD, 14.3% had heart failure, and 14.6% carried both diagnoses. Patients with pneumonia were more likely to be discharged to a facility than those with pneumonia and COPD with or without heart failure, though less likely than those with pneumonia and heart failure only. Compared to patients with pneumonia only, patients with COPD and/or heart failure had higher episode payments. Acute conditions such as pneumonia may hold promise for episode‐based care payment reform; however, the heterogeneity within this diagnosis indicates the need to consider other patient characteristics in interventions to improve value‐based care.
MRI‐Based Radiomics Approach for Differentiating Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy from Epilepsy with Generalized Tonic–Clonic Seizures Alone
Authors: Sim Yongsik , Lee Seung‐Koo , Chu Min Kyung , Kim Won‐Joo , Heo Kyoung , Kim Kyung Min , Sohn Beomseok 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundThe clinical presentation of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) and epilepsy with generalized tonic–clonic seizures alone (GTCA) is similar, and MRI scans are often perceptually normal in both conditions making them challenging to differentiate.PurposeTo develop and validate an MRI‐based radiomics model to accurately diagnose JME and GTCA, as well as to classify prognostic groups.Study TypeRetrospective.Population164 patients (127 with JME and 37 with GTCA) patients (age 24.0 ± 9.6; 50% male), divided into training (n = 114) and test (n = 50) sets in a 7:3 ratio with the same proportion of JME and GTCA patients kept in both sets.Field Strength/Sequence3T; 3D T1‐weighted spoiled gradient‐echo.AssessmentA total of 17 region‐of‐interest in the brain were identified as having clinical evidence of association with JME and GTCA, from where 1581 radiomics features were extracted for each subject. Forty‐eight machine‐learning combinations of oversampling, feature selection, and classification algorithms were explored to develop an optimal radiomics model. The performance of the best radiomics models for diagnosis and for classification of the favorable outcome group were evaluated in the test set.Statistical TestsModel performance measured using area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) analysis to estimate the contribution of each radiomics feature.ResultsThe AUC (95% confidence interval) of the best radiomics models for diagnosis and for classification of favorable outcome group were 0.767 (0.591–0.943) and 0.717 (0.563–0.871), respectively. SHAP analysis revealed that the first‐order and textural features of the caudate, cerebral white matter, thalamus proper, and putamen had the highest importance in the best radiomics model.ConclusionThe proposed MRI‐based radiomics model demonstrated the potential to diagnose JME and GTCA, as well as to classify prognostic groups. MRI regions associated with JME, such as the basal ganglia, thalamus, and cerebral white matter, appeared to be important for constructing radiomics models.Level of Evidence3Technical EfficacyStage 3
Glymphatic Imaging in Pediatrics
Authors: Li Xianjun , Lin Zixuan , Liu Congcong , Bai Ruiliang , Wu Dan , Yang Jian 
Published: October 2023

The glymphatic system, which facilitates cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow through the brain parenchyma, is important for brain development and waste clearance. Advances in imaging techniques, particularly magnetic resonance imaging, have make it possible to evaluate glymphatic structures and functions in vivo. Recently, several studies have focused on the development and alterations of the glymphatic system in pediatric disorders. This review discusses the development of the glymphatic system, advances of imaging techniques and their applications in pediatric disorders. First, the results of the reviewed studies indicate that the development of the glymphatic system is a long‐lasting process that continues into adulthood. Second, there is a need for improved glymphatic imaging techniques that are non‐invasive and fast to improve suitability for pediatric applications, as some of existing methods use contrast injection and are susceptible to motion artifacts from long scanning times. Several novel techniques are potentially feasible for pediatric patients and may be used in the future. Third, the glymphatic dysfunction is associated with a large number of pediatric disorders, although only a few have recently been investigated. In conclusion, research on the pediatric glymphatic system remains an emerging field. The preliminary applications of glymphatic imaging techniques have provided unique insight into the pathological mechanism of pediatric diseases, but mainly limited in visualization of enlarged perivascular spaces and morphological measurements on CSF volumes. More in‐depth studies on glymphatic functions are required to improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying brain development and pediatric diseases.Level of Evidence5Technical EfficacyStage 3