bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relation of Dietary Pattern and Telomere Length among Adults in South China
Authors: Xue Hongmei , Tian Guo , Li Danting , Zhang Jieyi , Cheng Guo 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveWe aimed to examine whether diet pattern is associated with telomere length (TL), an potential indicator of biological cellular aging, and to explore whether such associations were modified by anthropometric or inflammatory indicators.MethodsA total of 553 Chinese adults (51% women) aged 20–70 years were included from an ongoing prospective study conducted in Southwest China since 2013. From a validated 66‐item food frequency questionnaire, principal components analysis identified four main dietary patterns: the ‘vegetable‐rich’ pattern characterized by higher intake of fruits, whole grains, various vegetable groups, dairy products, nuts, eggs and tea; the ‘macho’ pattern correlated with several kinds of animal foods and alcohols; the ‘traditional’ pattern included rice, red meat and pickled vegetables and the ‘high energy‐density’ pattern typified by greater consumption of beverages, wheat flour and deep‐fried foods. Body height and weight were measured to calculate BMI (kg/m2) and percent body fat (%BF). TL in peripheral blood leukocytes was determined by Southern blot based in‐gel hybridization technique and C‐reactive protein (CRP) was also detected. Multivariable linear generalized regression models were performed to examine the association between different dietary patterns and TL.ResultsHigher adherence to the ‘vegetable‐rich’ pattern was related to longer TL in women but not in men, adjusted for age, personal monthly income, smoking status, physical activity and energy intake (men: p=0.5; women: p=0.01). Among women, for every one point increased in ‘vegetable‐rich’ pattern score, the TL was 170.3 bp shorter, corresponding to approximately a difference of 4 y of aging. The strength of this association was almost identical with further adjustments for %BF (β=170.2, p=0.01) or other obesity indicators. However, this association was attenuated slightly with additional adjustment for CRP (β=153.5, p=0.02).ConclusionThe ‘vegetable‐rich’ pattern is positively and independently related to longer TL among Chinese women, warranting further investigation in large prospective studies.Support or Funding InformationAll phases of this study were supported by research grant from the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 81472976)
Adaptation of Galloyl Derivatives Metabolism and Excretion After 42 Days of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Consumption
Authors: Mertens‐Talcott Susanne U , Kim Hyemee , Talcott Stephen T , Barnes Ryan 
Published: November 2023

The absorption, metabolism, and excretion of gallic acid, galloyl glycosides, and gallotannins from mango fruit was assessed in lean and obese subjects who consumed mango continuously for 42 days and compared against a control cohort who consumed mango only on Days 1 and 42. Healthy volunteers (n=21; BMI 22–34) consumed 400 g of mango pulp daily for 42 days. Significant (p<0.05) increases were observed in their 24 h urinary excretion of 4‐O‐methylgallic acid‐3‐O‐sulfate, methylpyrogallol‐O‐sulfate, pyrogallol‐O‐sulfate, and catechol‐O‐sulfate. However, no significant differences were observed in the plasma concentrations (AUC0–8h) for individual metabolites. In the control cohort (n=11; BMI<25) who consumed mango only on Days 1 and 42, no increases were found in the 24 h urinary excretion or plasma comparing concentrations for any of the detected galloyl metabolites on days 1 and 42. Increased metabolism and excretion following daily polyphenol were hypothesized to be due to adaptive increase in the metabolism of gallic acid, galloyl glycosides, and gallotannins by the subjects' gut microbiota. The increased generation of bioactive microbial metabolites may have significant implications for health‐benefits derived from the consumption of gallotannin‐rich fruits, teas and spices.Support or Funding InformationPartial funding for this research was provided by: National Mango Board
Fabrication of Lysozyme/Artemisia Sphaerocephala Krasch Seed Polysaccharide Nanoparticles for the Encapsulation and Protection of Curcumin
Authors: Ren Daoyuan , Qi Jianrui , Xie Anqi , Yang Xingbin , Xiao Hang 
Published: November 2023

A facile approach to fabricate nanoparticles under mild conditions via self‐assembly of lysozyme (Ly) and purified Artemisia sphaerocephala Krash seed polysaccharide (ASKP‐3) was developed for the first time to encapsulate and protect curcumin and to enhance its bioavailability. The relationship between Ly and ASKP‐3, particle size and morphology were studied by zeta potential measurement, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicated that ASKP‐3/Ly nanogels were spherical with diameters of 216.6±5.7 nm and narrow particle size distribution, as well as negative surface charge. Additionally, the particle size and morphology of the nanogels hardly changed after the encapsulation of curcumin. The encapsulation efficiency (EE) and loading capacity (LC) of curcumin for the ASKP‐3/Ly nanogels prepared with ASKP3/Ly ratio 1:1 were 79.52±4.14% and 15.47±2.85%, respectively. Curcumin‐loaded nanogels greatly increased curcumin stability in phosphate buffer at physiological pH where curcumin is extremely unstable. The cell viability assay indicated that encapsulated curcumin exhibited higher inhibitory effects on cancer cells than non‐encapsulated curcumin. Meanwhile, curcumin‐loaded nanogels could be effectively endocytosed by HepG2 cells, resulting in enhanced pro‐apoptotic effects comparing to non‐encapsulated curcumin. Furthermore, the curcumin‐loaded nanogels significantly increased bioavailability of curcumin in mice evidenced by increased plasma levels of curcumin after oral administration. Overall, our results demonstrated that nanosized proteins/polysaccharides complex could be used to solubilize and protect labile amphiphilic bioactive dietary compounds such as curcumin, and to enhance their bioavailability in vivo, which provided important evidence supporting potential application of the proteins/polysaccharides complex in functional foods.Support or Funding InformationThis study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (C31671823), and the Excellent Doctoral Dissertation Funded Projects of Shaanxi Normal University, China (X2014YB09)
The Gaps between Nutrition Support Guidelines and the Applications of Parenteral Nutrition
Authors: Bayrak Tugba , Kiehl Heidi , LaSalle Colette 
Published: November 2023

Objective/Aim/HypothesisThe literature suggests that gaps exist between nutrition support guidelines and the actual process of ordering/prescription, compounding and administration. The purpose is to describe the gaps, to summarize the reasons, and to present possible solutions to improve parenteral nutrition (PN) safety.Methods/Design/ApproachThis is a pilot study and provides the rationale for the data collection project. Ten articles were reviewed (n=10). Several key words, such as quality, parenteral nutrition, energy intake and quality assurance, were used in searching in the database of ASN, ASPEN, CIHANL, and PubMed. Study outcomes were provided according to the current categories of PN safety: Ordering/prescription, compounding and administration.Results and/or Implications30% of the articles indicate inadequate PN administration, 70% of articles display noncompliance with nutritional support guidelines, 20% of articles inform inappropriate PN. In this literature review, the gaps mainly occur in ordering/prescription (n=7) and administration (n=8).Conclusion(s)Drug shortages, lack of Nutrition Support Team in the facility, insufficient communication between medical care team members, and insufficient education among medical care team were listed as source of the conditions. Possible suggestions were included to establish the Nutrition Support Team, to increase communication between healthcare team members, and periodical training sessions.Support or Funding InformationNone
Role of gut microbiota‐derived polyphenolic acid in attenuation of protein misfolding in neurodegeneration
Authors: Pasinetti Giulio Maria , Ho Lap Maria , Faith Jeremiah Maria , Ono Kenjiro Maria 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundThere is increasing evidence supporting a protective role of intestinal microbiota against diverse medical conditions, including neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) by modulation, in part, of metabolic and immune responses. For example, gut bacteria metabolize soluble dietary fiber into biologically available short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that may help modulate immune responses in the periphery and in the brain. Gut bacteria are also known for their role in converting dietary polyphenols into biologically available phenolic acids with anti‐oxidant activities. However, there is little information on the potential role of SCFAs and phenolic acids in Alzheimer's disease. The present study is designed to investigate effects of these SCFAs and phenolic acids in beta‐amyloid (Aβ)‐mediated pathologic processes that play key roles in AD pathogenesis.MethodsIn in vitro studies using multiple complementary assays, we investigated individual SCFA and phenolic acid that are generated by GI microbial metabolism of dietary fiber and polyphenols for their dose‐responsive effects in interfering with the assembly of Aβ peptides into neurotoxic soluble Aβ aggregates. We also investigated in vitro effects of isolated human GI bacteria in converting dietary fibers and select polyphenol products into biologically available SCFAs and phenolic acids that are effective in inhibiting Aβ aggregation.ResultsWe found several phenolic acids that potently inhibited Aβ aggregation. We also found significant differences among GI microbiota from different healthy human donors in converting dietary polyphenols into these bioactive phenolic acids and in further metabolic degradation of these phenolic acids. Ongoing studies are investigating effects of individual SCFAs in Aβ aggregation and the efficacy of GI microbiota from different human donors in the generation (and degradation) of these SCFAs.ConclusionsIntestinal microbiota may help protect AD, in part, by supporting the generation of phenolic acids and SCFAs that interferes with the formation of toxic soluble Aβ aggregates. Presence of interpersonal differences in the human gut microbiota may lead to interpersonal variation to benefit from the protective effects of dietary fiber and polyphenols in AD. Outcomes provide critical information for developing probiotics to help prevent and/or treat AD.
Change in plasma phospholipid fatty acids over 13 years and determinants of change: EPIC‐Norfolk Study
Authors: Zheng Ju‐Sheng , Imamura Fumiaki , Sharp Stephen J , Ye Zheng , Koulman Albert , Griffin Jules , Luben Robert , Khaw Kay‐Tee , Wareham Nicholas J , Forouhi Nita G 
Published: November 2023

We aimed to investigate the changes in 27 individual plasma phospholipid fatty acids and fatty acid groups over time, and examine potential determinants of these changes. In the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer (EPIC)‐Norfolk study, plasma phospholipid fatty acids (%mol) were profiled in 722 participants at three time‐points (1993–1997, 1998–2000, 2004–2011) over approximately 13 years. Linear mixed‐effects models were used to estimate 1) the annual change in individual plasma fatty acids and fatty acid groups, adjusting for potential confounders and 2) associations of change in dietary or lifestyle factors with change in 8 pre‐specified plasma fatty acid groups, with mutual adjustment for dietary/lifestyle factors and other confounders. The pre‐specified fatty acid groups were odd‐chain saturated fatty acids (SFA, C15:0+C17:0), even‐chain SFAs (C14:0+C16:0+C18:0), very‐long‐chain SFAs (C20:0+C22:0+C23:0+C24:0), marine n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA, C20:5n3+C22:5n3+C22:6n3), plant n‐3 PUFA (C18:3n3), n‐6 PUFAs, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and trans fatty acids. There were significant annual decreases in levels of odd‐chain SFAs (−0.63%, 95%CI: −0.73%, −0.52%), even‐chain SFAs (−0.05%, 95%CI: −0.06%, −0.03%), n‐6 PUFAs (−0.25%, 95%CI: −0.29%, −0.20%) and trans fatty acids (−7.84%, 95%CI: −8.07%, −7.61%), significant annual increases in marine n‐3 PUFAs (1.28%, 95%CI: 1.11%, 1.44%) and MUFAs (0.45%, 95%CI: 0.37%, 0.54%), and no significant changes in very‐long‐chain SFAs or plant n‐3 PUFA. Change in each plasma fatty acid group was associated with change in intake of various food groups; for example, 100g/day increase of change in fatty fish intake was associated with a 5.26% (95% CI: 1.26%, 9.42%) annual increase in plasma marine n‐3 PUFAs. Change in BMI or physical activity was not associated with change in any fatty acid group. The annual changes observed cannot be explained by diet alone and therefore suggest that aging processes have a discernible effect on fatty acids of the plasma phospholipid fraction. In conclusion, most individual plasma fatty acids and fatty acid groups changed over time. These changes were partially explained by changes in aspects of diet.Support or Funding InformationMedical Research Council Epidemiology Unit MC_UU_12015/1 and MC_UU_12015/5; Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research MC_UP_A090_1006; Cambridge Lipidomics Biomarker Research Initiative G0800783; Cambridge Initiative‐Nutrition (RG71466, SJAH/004), Marie Skłodowska‐Curie Fellowships (701708, RG82205, SJAI/051),
Phenolic compounds as functional ingredients and nutraceuticals: the case of Juice PLUS+
Authors: Del Rio Daniele , Bresciani Letizia 
Published: November 2023

The protective effects of diets rich in fruits and vegetables are not only due to fibre, vitamins and minerals, but also to a diversity of plant secondary metabolites, in particular phenolic compounds and flavonoids. These compounds are now widely used as food ingredients and supplements, with the final aim of making the health benefits associated with their intake more widely and easily available. The bioavailability of these compounds after dietary intake has been a topic of increasing research in recent years, and could be one of the crucial issues when trying to develop commercial products containing polyphenols. Moreover, it is now well recognised that following ingestion, phenolic compounds undergo extensive metabolism during their passage through the gastrointestinal tract and, with very few exceptions, only metabolites and catabolites of the parent compounds enter the circulatory system. Metabolism occurs initially in the lumen of the small intestine with cleavage of sugar moieties after which the released aglycone undergoes glucuronidation, sulfation and/or methylation [1]. After entry of these metabolites into the circulatory system, phase II metabolism may also occur in the liver and other organs [1]. However, a large proportion of ingested polyphenols are not absorbed in the small intestine [1] and so pass to the large intestine, where substantial structural modifications are mediated by the local colonic microbiota [1]. The resultant low‐molecular‐weight compounds, may be absorbed and circulate in the body prior to excretion in urine in amounts that greatly exceed those of metabolites absorbed in the small intestine, whose concentration in plasma rarely exceeds the nmol/l levels [1]. Here we evaluated the composition and the absorption kinetics of a set commercially available encapsulated nutraceuticals, namely Juice PLUS+ Vineyard (a berry blend, JBB), Juice PLUS+ Fruit Blend (JFB) and Juice PLUS+ Vegetable Blend (JVB), kindly supplied by Juice PLUS+ company. The analysis of the three supplements by uHPLC–MSn allowed to tentatively identify 119 (poly)phenolic compounds. The main microbial/human metabolites were then tracked in a short pharmacokinetic study involving 20 healthy volunteers, demonstrating that a diversity of compounds circulate in vivo after Juice PLUS+ capsules intake, becoming potentially responsible of the health related effects which have been previously reported in a plethora of intervention studies [examples 2–4].Support or Funding InformationPart of this work has been supported by “Green Beat – Institute of Nutrient Research and Sport Nutrition”
Strawberries improve pain symptoms in obese participants with radiographic evidence of knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Schell Jace , Christiansen Danielle , Barrett James , Lohrman Elizabeth , Betts Nancy , Zhao Yan D , James Judith , Scofield Hal , Basu Arpita 
Published: November 2023

Osteoarthritis (OA), a common form of arthritis is mainly characterized by inflammation, joint pain and cartilage degeneration but without any effective pharmacological cure. Obese are at risk of OA. We have previously reported the effects of dietary berries in improving cardio‐metabolic outcomes in obese adults. To our knowledge no previous reports have examined the effects of berries on OA. Thus, in the present study we examined the hypothesis that strawberries will improve metabolic profiles and symptoms of pain in obese participants with radiographic evidence of knee OA. In a randomized placebo‐controlled crossover trial obese participants [n=17 (Females 13, Males: 4); age: 56±7y; BMI: 39±6 (mean±SD)] were randomized to one of the two groups: strawberry (50g freeze‐dried) or placebo, each for 12 weeks. Blood draws, anthropometric measurements and surveys for pain scores [visual analog scale of pain (VAS) and Measure of Intermittent and Constant Osteoarthritis Pain (ICOAP)] and quality of life indices [Health assessment questionnaire disability index (HAQ‐DI)] were administered at screen, 12, 14 (washout) and 26 weeks of the study. We found significant decreases in pain scores (VAS) in the strawberry vs. placebo group at 12 weeks (0.71±0.31 and 0.90±0.47, respectively, p<0.05). While no differences were noted in biochemical profiles, especially, glucose, HbA1c, total‐ and LDL cholesterol and C‐reactive protein, HDL‐cholesterol was significantly lower in the strawberry vs. placebo group at 12 weeks (50±16 and 55±6.5mg/dL, respectively, p<0.05). Thus, strawberry bioactive compounds may help alleviate pain symptoms in knee OA. These findings deserve further investigation in larger trials.Support or Funding InformationCalifornia Strawberry Commission, NIH grant U54GM104938 (OSCTR)
The Effect of a High‐Fat Diet and Green Tea Extract on Glucose Metabolism and Inflammation in Regulator of G protein Signaling 10 Knockout Mice
Authors: Park Hea Jin , Olsen Erik , Fang Xi , Dagher Josephine Bou , Chung Jaegwon , Kang Se Joong , Lee Jae‐Kyung 
Published: November 2023

Regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) family proteins are GTPase‐accelerating proteins that negatively regulate G protein‐coupled receptors signaling. Among RGS family proteins, RGS10 is one of the smallest proteins and abundant in the brain and immune organs. Previously, we have demonstrated its roles in myeloid cells as a negative regulator of inflammation in the context of neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinsons's disease. Interestingly, RGS10 knockout mice display impaired glucose tolerance concurrently with proinflammatory phenotype, suggesting the involvement of RGS10 in the development of metabolic diseases by regulating inflammation. Moreover, epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate, an anti‐diabetic and anti‐inflammatory polyphenol found in green tea has shown to increase the expression of RGS10 in human cancer cells. However, underlying mechanisms by which RGS10 relates to the development of diabetes or obesity has never been studied. Our data shows that the expression of RGS10 protein was strongly induced in lipid filled mature adipocytes differentiated from 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes in vitro. However, green tea extract (GTE) treatment (50 μM) for 24hours had no effect on the expression of RGS10 protein in both preadipocytes and lipid filled mature adipocytes. We are currently conducting an animal study investigating the impact of high‐fat diet and dietary GTE on metabolic profilein RGS10 knockout mice. C57BL/6 wild type mice and RGS10 knockout mice fed alow‐fat diet (LF), high‐fat diet (HF) or high‐fat diet containing GTE at 2%(HF+GTE) for 8 wks. At week 5, the current stage of the study, the body weight gains were not significantly different between WT and KO mice fed LF (p=0.2081) as well as mice fed HF+GTE (p=0.7656). However, KO mice fed HF gained 1.6 times more weight than WT mice fed the same diet (p=0.0003). GTE inhibits the body weight gain in both WT and KO mice otherwise increased by HF. At the end of experimental period, glucose tolerance test and insulin sensitivity test will be conducted and blood and adipose tissue will be collected to measure markers of glucose metabolism and inflammation. The results suggest that RGS10 may play an important role to regulate high fat diet induced weight gain. Completion of current study will address the impact of high‐fat diet and GTE on glucose metabolism and inflammation upon the expression of RGS10. This finding would provide evidence to better understand the regulation of diabetes and inflammation.Support or Funding InformationSupport provided by Georgia Experimental Agricultural Station, HATCH #GEO00795 and College of Family and Consumer Sciences (HJP) and College of Veterinary Medicine (JKL) at UGA.
Effects of Dietary Pomegranate Extract and Inulin in Mice Fed an Obesogenic Diet
Authors: Yang Jieping , Zhang Song , Henning Susanne M , Lee Rupo , Hsu Mark , Grojean Emma , Pisegna Rita , Ly Austin , Heber David , Li Zhaoping 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundIt has been demonstrated in animal studies that both polyphenol rich pomegranate extract (PomX) and the oligosaccharide inulin, ameliorate metabolic changes induced by a high‐fat diet, but little is known about the specific mechanisms.ObjectiveThis study evaluated the effect of PomX (0.25%) and inulin (10%) alone or in combination on cholesterol and lipid metabolism in mice fed a high fat/high sucrose diet.MethodsMale C57BL/6J mice were fed high‐fat/high‐sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose)] diets supplemented with PomX (0.25%) and inulin (10%) alone or in combination for 4 weeks. At the end of intervention, serum and hepatic cholesterol, triglyceride levels, hepatic gene expression of key regulators of cholesterol and lipid metabolism as well as fecal cholesterol and bile acid excretion were determined.ResultsDietary supplementation of the HF/HS diet with PomX and inulin decreased hepatic and serum total cholesterol. PomX increased gene expression of Cyp7a1 and Cyp7b1, key regulators of bile acid synthesis pathways, and significantly increased total bile acids and neutral sterol fecal elimination. Inulin decreased gene expression of key regulators of cholesterol de novo synthesis Srebf2 and Hmgcr. PomX in combination with inulin reduced liver weight and lipid weight significantly compared to the HF/HS control group. PomX showed a trend to decrease liver triglyceride (TG) level, while inulin or PomX in combination with inulin had no effect on both serum and liver TG levels. In the liver, inulin inhibited expression of genes related to fatty acid synthesis (Fas, Acaca) and to fatty acid β‐oxidation (Cpt1a and Cpt2), while PomX increased expression of genes involved in fatty acid β‐oxidation (Cpt2, Acadl and Acadvl).ConclusionDietary supplementation of the HF/HS diet with PomX and inulin decreased hepatic and serum total cholesterol by different mechanisms leading to a significant enhancement of the cholesterol‐lowering effect.Support or Funding InformationThis project was supported by departmental funds of the Center for Human Nutrition, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles