bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Buried Soils in a Perched Dunefield as Indicators of Late Holocene Lake-Level Change in the Lake Superior Basin
Authors: Anderton John B. , Loope Walter L. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA stratigraphic analysis of buried soils within the Grand Sable Dunes, a dune field perched 90 m above the southern shore of Lake Superior, reveals a history of eolian activity apparently linked with lake-level fluctuations over the last 5500 yr. A relative rise in the water plane of the Nipissing Great Lakes initially destabilized the lakeward bluff face of the Grand Sable plateau between 5400 and 4600 14C yr B.P. This led to the burial of the Sable Creek soil by eolian sediments derived from the bluff face. Subsequent episodes of eolian activity appear to be tied to similar destabilizing events; high lake levels may have initiated at least four and perhaps eleven episodes of dune building as expressed by soil burials within the dunes. Intervening low lake levels probably correlate with soil profile development, which varies from the well-developed Sable Creek Spodosol catena to thin organic layers containing in-place stumps and tree trunks. Paleoecological reconstructions available for the area do not imply enough climatic change to account for the episodic dune activity. Burial of soils by fine-fraction sediments links dune-building episodes with destabilization of the lower lake-facing bluff, which is rich in fines.
Mid-Holocene Hemlock Decline in Eastern North America Linked with Phytophagous Insect Activity
Authors: Bhiry Najat , Filion Louise 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMacrofossil evidence indicates that the mid-Holocene hemlock [Tsuga canadensis L. (Carr.)] decline that occurred over a wide area in eastern North America was associated with phytophagous insect activity. In situ hemlock macrofossils and insect remains found in a paludified dunefield at the northern limit of hemlock testify that two defoliation events occurred at 4910 ± 90 and 4200 ± 100 yr B.P., respectively. The sharp coincidence of remains from hemlock needles with chewing damage typical of hemlock looper feeding, head capsules from the hemlock looper (Lambdina fiscellaria) and the spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana), absence of hemlock fruiting remains, and tree-ring anomalies in fossil hemlocks that died prematurely (<165 yr) suggest that defoliation affected hemlock reproductive capacity and pollen productivity, or more likely caused mass mortality. Our findings indicate that defoliation can affect ecosystems for centuries, especially when long-lived tree species are involved.
Astronomical Forcing of Contrasting Rainfall Changes in Tropical South America between 12,400 and 8800 cal yr B.P.
Authors: Martin Louis , Bertaux Jacques , Corrège Thierry , Ledru Marie-Pierre , Mourguiart Philippe , Sifeddine Abdelfettah , Soubiès François , Wirrmann Denis , Suguio Kenitiro , Turcq Bruno 
Published: October 2002

AbstractToday, precipitation over tropical South America is largely controlled by the seasonal movements of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). During the summer, the ITCZ is shifted southward due to the warming of the continent. Paleoclimate data from southeastern Amazonia and the central Andes indicate that these two areas evolved similarly during the last 30,000 yr. However, between 12,400 and 8800 cal yr B.P., eastern Amazonia received substantial moisture whereas the Bolivian Altiplano was arid. This suggests that the ITCZ during summer was then farther north than it is today.
Mean July Temperatures during the Younger Dryas in Northwestern and Central Europe as Inferred from Climate Indicator Plant Species
Authors: Isarin René F.B. , Bohncke Sjoerd J.P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe estimated minimum mean July temperatures in northwestern and central Europe during the Younger Dryas (10,950–10,15014C yr B.P.) from distributions of climate indicator plant species, which were reconstructed from 140 pollen and plant macrofossil diagrams. Paleobotanical records, mainly from the central and eastern part of the study area, show that the coldest conditions occurred early in the Younger Dryas (before ∼10,55014C yr B.P.). For this phase, mean July temperatures at sea level of around 10°C are suggested for the northern part of the British Isles and for ice-free Scandinavia. We estimated a mean July temperature of 12°C for central England, The Netherlands, and northern Germany. The 13°C mean July isotherm—largely based on the modern distribution ofTypha latifolia—was most probably located in southern England, Belgium, central Germany, and Poland. The reappearance of thermophilous elements in the records after ∼10,55014C yr B.P. suggests a summer warming, at least temporarily, of 1° to 2°C in the study area. The reconstructed temperatures are comparable with temperature estimates based on beetle data. However, they appear rather high when compared with estimates based on glaciological evidence.
The Toba Volcanic Event and Interstadial/Stadial Climates at the Marine Isotopic Stage 5 to 4 Transition in the Northern Indian Ocean
Authors: Schulz Hartmut , Emeis Kay-Christian , Erlenkeuser Helmut , von Rad Ulrich , Rolf Christian 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe Toba volcanic event, one of the largest eruptions during the Quaternary, is documented in marine sediment cores from the northeastern Arabian Sea. On the crest of the Murray Ridge and along the western Indian continental margin, we detected distinct concentration spikes and ash layers of rhyolithic volcanic shards near the marine isotope stage 5–4 boundary with the chemical composition of the “Youngest Toba Tuff.” Time series of the Uk′37-alkenone index, planktic foraminiferal species, magnetic susceptibility, and sediment accumulation rates from this interval show that the Toba event occurred between two warm periods lasting a few millennia. Using Toba as an instantaneous stratigraphic marker for correlation between the marine- and ice-core chronostratigraphies, these two Arabian Sea climatic events correspond to Greenland interstadials 20 and 19, respectively. Our data sets thus depict substantial interstadial/stadial fluctuations in sea-surface temperature and surface-water productivity. We show that variable terrigenous (eolian) sediment supply played a crucial role in transferring and preserving the productivity signal in the sediment record. Within the provided stratigraphic resolution of several decades to centennials, none of these proxies shows a particular impact of the Toba eruption. However, our results are additional support that Toba, despite its exceptional magnitude, had only a minor impact on the evolution of low-latitude monsoonal climate on centennial to millennial time scales.
Automatic Verification of a Behavioural Subset of UML Statechart Diagrams Using the SPIN Model-checker
Authors: Latella Diego , Majzik Istvan , Massink Mieke 
Published: October 2002

Abstract.
Statechart Diagrams provide a graphical notation for describing dynamic aspects of system behaviour within the Unified Modelling Language (UML). In this paper we present a translation from a subset of UML Statechart Diagrams - covering essential aspects of both concurrent behaviour, like sequentialisation, parallelism, non-determinism and priority, and state refinement - into PROMELA, the specification language of the SPIN model checker. SPIN is one of the most advanced analysis and verification tools available nowadays. Our translation allows for the automatic verification of UML Statechart Diagrams. The translation is simple, proven correct, and promising in terms of state space representation efficiency.
Early prediction of acute pancreatitis: Prospective study comparing computed tomography scans, ranson, glasgow, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II scores, and various serum markers
Authors: Robert John H. , Frossard Jean Louis , Mermillod Bernadette , Soravia Claudio , Mensi Nouri , Roth Marc , Rohner Adrien , Hadengue Antoine , Morel Philippe 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the predictability of the outcome of acute pancreatitis using the Ranson, Glasgow, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II scores, the computed tomography (CT) scan, and several serum markers. Altogether, 137 consecutive patients with acute pancreatitis confirmed by CT scan were prospectively included. Blood samples were obtained daily for 6 days. The predictive value of each parameter was studied by univariate and multivariate analyses comparing mild and severe pancreatitis. A total of 111 attacks were graded as mild (81%) and 26 as severe (19%). Ranson (p=0.3) and APACHE II (p=0.049) scores appeared insufficiently predictive in the univariate analysis. Pancreatic imaging by CT scan was insufficiently predictive (p>0.05), whereas the presence of extrapancreatic fluid collections was more indicative of outcome (p<0.05). With the univariate analysis, the four most reliable serum markers were pancreatic amylase (p<0.001), neutrophil elastase (p<0.05), albumin (p<0.002), and C‐reactive protein (p<0.001). Results became homogeneous when the CT results were added; serum albumin plus extrapancreatic fluid collections (negative predictive value 92%–96% and positive predictive value 67%–100%) comprised the best indicator of severity. None of the parameters tested achieved sufficient predictability when used alone. Serum albumin plus extrapancreatic fluid collections comprise the best indicator of severity at the time of admission.
Enhancing Foot Skin Blood Flux in Peripheral Vascular Disease Using Intermittent Pneumatic Compression: Controlled Study on Claudicants and Grafted Arteriopaths
Authors: Delis Konstantinos T. , Husmann Mark J.W. , Nicolaides Andrew N. , Wolfe John H. , Cheshire Nick J. 
Published: October 2002

Intermittent pneumatic leg compression
(IPC) increases arterial calf inflow and foot skin blood flux in normal subjects and claudicants. Our hypothesis was that IPC could enhance foot skin blood flux after infrainguinal grafting and thus promote distal perfusion in limbs with tissue loss. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of three IPC modes [applied to the foot
(IPCfoot), the calf (IPCcalf), or both
(IPCfoot+calf)] on foot skin perfusion in healthy individuals, claudicants, and patients after infrainguinal arterial revascularization performed for critical or subcritical limb ischemia.
Altogether, 20 healthy limbs, 22 claudicating limbs, and 36 limbs of arteriopaths with prior successful autologous femoropopliteal and femorodistal (18 each) grafts were examined. Five‐minute laser Doppler recordings were obtained from the pulp of the big toe in the sitting position, at rest, and during random applications of IPCfoot, IPCcalf, and IPCfoot+calf delivered at 120 mmHg for 4 seconds three times per minute. Foot skin blood flux increased using all IPC modes (p <0.001),
with IPCfoot and IPCfoot+calf generating higher flux levels than IPCcalf (p <0.01) in all groups. Intergroup differences of flux with each of the three IPC modes were not significant. IPCfoot and IPCfoot+calf similarly (p > 0.14)
produced a higher percentage flux increase than IPCcalf in all groups (p <0.004). Controls had a higher percentage flux increase with both IPCcalf and IPCfoot than did claudicants (p ≤ 0.016).
No differences were documented between normal and grafted limbs
(p > 0.05). The percentage flux increase with IPCfoot+calf and IPCcalf was significantly higher in femorodistal grafts than in femoropopliteal ones
(p ≤ 0.026). IPC enhances skin blood flux in limbs with infrainguinal bypass, claudication, and normal arteries, with IPCfoot and IPCfoot+calf being more effective than IPCcalf. Our findings suggest that IPC may be beneficial in limbs with impaired distal perfusion and thus may have clinical implications in the treatment of leg ulcers either prior to or after revascularization.
Pain management of patients with unresectable peripancreatic carcinoma
Authors: van Geenen Rutger C. I. , Keyzer‐Dekker Claudia M. G. , van Tienhoven Geertjan , Obertop Huug , Gouma Dirk J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn patients with unresectable peripancreatic carcinoma, pain is generally treated with pain medication or with a celiac plexus blockade. Radiotherapy has also been reported to reduce pain. The efficacy of these treatment modalities is still under discussion. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of the various types of pain management on patients who underwent palliative bypass surgery for unresectable peripancreatic carcinoma. During the period January 1995 to December 1998 a series of 98 patients underwent palliative bypass surgery, mostly for unresectable disease found during exploration. Patients were divided into three groups: palliative bypass surgery (BP), palliative bypass surgery with an intraoperative celiac plexus blockade (CPB), and palliative bypass surgery with or without celiac plexus blockade followed by high‐dose conformal radiotherapy (RT). Radiotherapy was performed only in selected patients with locally advanced disease and without metastases, implying a better prognosis of the last group. The pain medication consumption, pain medication‐free survival, hospital‐free survival, and overall survival were analyzed. The preoperative consumption of pain medication was significantly higher in the CPB group than in the BP or RT group. The postoperative consumption of pain medication in the CPB, BP, and RT groups increased during follow‐up from 15%, 17%, and 13% before surgery to 52%, 57%, and 46%, respectively, at three‐fourths of the survival time (NS). This increase in consumption of pain medication was not different in the three groups. In the RT group the median pain medication‐free survival was significantly longer than in the BP or CPB group (9.3 vs. 3.1 and 3.3 months; p=0.02). The median hospital‐free survival and median overall survival were significantly longer in the RT group than in the CPB group (10.3 vs. 6.8 months, p=0.01; and 7.1 vs. 10.8 months, p=0.01). Celiac plexus blockade as pain management did not result in an increase of the pain medication‐free survival or overall survival. Therefore a positive effect of a celiac plexus blockade on pain could not be confirmed in the present study. Radiotherapy resulted in increased pain‐medication survival, hospital‐free survival, and overall survival compared to celiac plexus blockade. These effects are probably partly related to patient selection.
Crashing memories and reality monitoring: distinguishing between perceptions, imaginations and ‘false memories’
Authors: Ost James , Vrij Aldert , Costall Alan , Bull Ray 
Published: October 2002

AbstractResearch has shown that the memory characteristics questionnaire (MCQ) can be used to discriminate between ‘memories’ of perceived events and ‘memories’ of imagined events. The present study extended this research by examining the utility of the MCQ in distinguishing impossible memories (i.e., reports of an event a person could not have witnessed). Congruent with previous research, a considerable number of participants in both the pilot study (45%) and the main study (44%) were willing to report that they had seen a non‐existent film of the car crash in which Diana, Princess of Wales was killed. The MCQ ratings of three groups of participants were therefore compared: (1) those who indicated that they had seen the non‐existent film, (2) those who were asked to imagine having seen the film, and (3) a control group who were asked to rate their memory of when they first heard the news of the crash. The MCQ did not serve to distinguish impossible memories, but there were reliable differences on one of the MCQ subscales between those who imagined the film and controls. Furthermore, participants who reported that they had seen the film gave higher scores on the Self Monitoring scale. Implications are discussed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental evaluation of combined model reference adaptive controller in a pH regulation process
Authors: Duarte‐Mermoud Manuel A. , Rojo Franklin A. , Pérez Ricardo 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAn experimental evaluation of the combined model reference adaptive control (CMRAC) is presented in this paper. This adaptive control scheme was used to control a relatively complex process like the pH of a solution in a tank reactor at laboratory level. For comparison purposes, some very well‐known control strategies were also implemented, which include PID control and standard model reference adaptive control (MRAC). Tracking and regulation capabilities of the control strategies studied were analysed and compared. Experimental results indicate that CMRAC behaves as well as the standard MRAC and a very well‐tuned PID for a specific and known operating point. Advantages of the adaptive controllers are shown when the operating point changes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus‐1
Authors: Koduri Prasad Rao , Singa Prema , Nikolinakos Petros 
Published: October 2002

AbstractFour men were diagnosed with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection (AIDS) and autoimmune hemolytic anemia (HIV‐AIHA) during the years 1997–2000 at Cook County Hospital, Chicago. All patients presented with the acute onset of severe hemolytic anemia, fever, and splenomegaly. The direct and indirect antiglobulin tests were positive in all, and three patients had mixed warm and cold autoantibody hemolytic anemia. Shortly after admission, two patients died of severe anemia. Two patients responded to prednisone therapy and remain in remission from AIHA for 15 and 30 months, respectively. Am. J. Hematol. 70:174–176, 2002.© 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increased circulating activated endothelial cells, vascular endothelial growth factor, and tumor necrosis factor in thalassemia
Authors: Butthep Punnee , Rummavas Saknarong , Wisedpanichkij Raewadee , Jindadamrongwech Sumalee , Fucharoen Suthat , Bunyaratvej Ahnond 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAn increased number of circulating endothelial cells (CECs) was demonstrated in α‐ and β‐thalassemic patients, β‐thalassemia/hemoglobin E (BE), both splenectomized (BE[S]) and non‐splenectomized (BE[NS]), had higher numbers of CECs than α‐thalassemia, both HbH (α‐thal l/α‐thal 2; H) and HbH with hemoglobin Constant Spring (α‐thal 1/CS; H/CS). CECs were also increased in heterozygous HbE (EA) and homozygous HbE (EE). The highest level of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) was found in HbH/CS patients, whereas the highest levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was observed in BE[S] patients. Significant decreases, in protein C and protein S levels were found in both α‐ and β‐thalassemia compared with normal. Good correlations between the numbers of CEC and TNF‐α, VEGF, protein C, and protein S levels were demonstrated in this study. In addition, markers for endothelial cell activation and injury (intercellular adhesion molecule‐1, ICAM‐1/CD54; vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1, VCAM‐1/CD106; and E‐selectin, ELAM‐1/CD62E) were detected on the surface of isolated CECs using immunofluorescence technique. Appearance of CECs with markers for endothelial cell activation, together with increased levels of TNF‐α and VEGF and decreased levels of protein C and protein S in the circulation, may account for the propensity of vascular perturbation in thalassemic subjects. Am. J. Hematol. 70:100–106, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lipoprotein lipase and APOE/APOC‐I/APOC‐II gene cluster diversity in native Brazilian populations
Authors: De Andrade Fabiana Michelsen , Ewald Gisele Menezes , Salzano Francisco Mauro , Hutz Mara Helena 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAllele and haplotype frequencies for the T‐93G, Hind III, and Pvu II variants of the lipoprotein lipase gene (LPL), and Hpa I and Ava II restriction site polymorphisms (RSP) of the APOE/C‐I/C‐II gene cluster were determined in 143 individuals from five Brazilian Indian tribes. These results were integrated with those previously reported for APOE. Marked interethnic variability occurs in these sites. A strong linkage disequilibrium was observed between the APOE and APOC‐I loci (D′ = 0.81; P < 0.00001). Linkage disequilibrium between the Hind III and Pvu II RSPs of the LPL gene was also observed (D′ = 1; P < 0.001), but none of these RSPs were in linkage disequilibrium with the T‐93G mutation. Considering both loci, heterozygosity was estimated as 0.45, but it was lower in the Xavante and Surui populations, in accordance with the historical and biodemographical data of these Amerindians. The results reported here may have implications for understanding interpopulation differences in lipid levels and coronary heart disease prevalences. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 14:511–518, 2002.© 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Does indirect speech promote nondirective genetic counseling? Results of a sociolinguistic investigation
Authors: Benkendorf Judith L. , Prince Michele B. , Rose Mary A. , De Fina Anna , Hamilton Heidi E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTo date, research examining adherence to genetic counseling principles has focused on specific counseling activities such as the giving or withholding of information and responding to client requests for advice. We audiotaped 43 prenatal genetic counseling sessions and used data‐driven, qualitative, sociolinguistic methodologies to investigate how language choices facilitate or hinder the counseling process. Transcripts of each session were prepared for sociolinguistic analysis of the emergent discourse that included studying conversational style, speaker–listener symmetry, directness, and other interactional patterns. Analysis of our data demonstrates that: 1) indirect speech, marked by the use of hints, hedges, and other politeness strategies, facilitates rapport and mitigates the tension between a client‐centered relationship and a counselor‐driven agenda; 2) direct speech, or speaking literally, is an effective strategy for providing information and education; and 3) confusion exists between the use of indirect speech and the intent to provide nondirective counseling, especially when facilitating client decision‐making. Indirect responses to client questions, such as those that include the phrases “some people” or “most people,” helped to maintain counselor neutrality; however, this well‐intended indirectness, used to preserve client autonomy, may have obstructed direct explorations of client needs. We argue that the genetic counseling process requires increased flexibility in the use of direct and indirect speech and provide new insights into how “talk” affects the work of genetic counselors. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel mutation in the Δ‐sterol reductase gene in three Lebanese sibs with Smith‐Lemli‐Opitz (RSH) syndrome
Authors: Nezarati Marjan M. , Loeffler Judith , Yoon Grace , MacLaren Linda , Fung Ernest , Snyder Floyd , Utermann Gerd , Graham Gail E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe Smith‐Lemli‐Opitz syndrome (SLOS), or RSH syndrome, is a well‐characterized multiple congenital anomalies/mental retardation syndrome. The phenotype has been redefined to include mildly affected individuals with minor anomalies and developmental delay, and severe malformations with pre‐ and perinatal mortality. The condition is due to the deficient activity of the enzyme 7‐dehydrocholesterol (7‐DHC) reductase [Shefer et al., 1995: J Clin Invest 96:1779–1785], and the gene has been mapped to chromosome 11q13 [Moebius et al., 1998: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:1899–1902]. We describe here a consanguineous family of Syrian‐Lebanese ancestry with three sibs affected with SLOS: two with a mild variant, while the other had severe disease and died in the first year of life. Mutation analysis demonstrated a novel mutation in the DHCR7 gene, present in homozygous form in the two affected individuals available for testing, and heterozygous in the parents. The wide intrafamilial variation of clinical severity in these three sibs is an important finding in SLOS. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.