bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Streptococcus constellatus Strains Recovered From a Brain Abscess and Periodontal Pockets in an Immunocompromised Patient
Authors: da Silva Rafael Marques , Caugant Dominique A. , Josefsen Roger , Tronstad Leif , Olsen Ingar 
Published: February 2005

Background: There have been a number of reports of brain abscesses suggesting an odontogenic etiology. However, no efforts have been made to compare brain abscess isolates with isolates from the oral cavity using highly discriminative methods. We report a brain abscess caused by Streptococcus constellatus in an immunocompromised patient where oral infection (periodontitis) was suspected to be implicated.Methods: The brain abscess and oral isolates were compared by means of one phenotypic and three genetic (restriction fragment length polymorphism [RFLP], ribotyping, and random amplified polymorphic DNA [RAPD]) fingerprinting techniques.Results: The phenotypic method and RFLP showed identical profiles between brain and periodontal isolates, while ribotyping and RAPD showed very close similarity, with only one band difference in one of the three ribotypes and in one of the three polymorphic RAPD.Conclusions: Gene transfer by genetic recombinational events in the periodontal pocket might have been responsible for the emergence of a strain variant of S. constellatusthat had the potential to cause an abscess at a distant site (brain). The importance of odontogenic sources as potential foci of infection for brain abscesses is discussed. J Periodontol 2004;75:1720‐1723.
Guided Tissue Regeneration Using A Bioabsorbable Membrane: A 21‐Case Series
Authors: Gaffaney Thomas E. 
Published: February 2005

Background: The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how a bioabsorbable membrane in the treatment of intrabony defects, combined with appropriate case selection, produces a significant improvement in the clinical assessment of affected teeth. This study demonstrates success in 21 successive cases.Methods: Consecutive patients presenting advanced intrabony defects (8 to 15 mm) meeting the predetermined criteria were treated by guided tissue regeneration (GTR) with flap debridement and placement of a bioabsorbable copolymer membrane. To evaluate treatment predictability in a variety of patients, only one defect per patient was included in the study. Twentyone patients completed the study, which included baseline measurement and subsequent surgical reentry of the treated site 9 to 18 months postoperatively. Selection of lesions was made following debridement of the defect; i.e., a membrane was placed only after determining that a lesion was a proper candidate for this procedure. Measurements from the cemento‐enamel junction (CEJ) to the deepest apical aspect of the defects were made and documented with photographs. At the time of reentry, defect depths were again measured from the CEJ to the deepest apical point along with measurements of the residual 3‐walled component of the defect, and photographs were taken. The re‐entry procedure involved an apically positioned and occasionally minor osteoplasty to reduce residual probing depth, when present. Radiographs were taken at baseline and reentry.Results: The initial mean defect depth, as measured from the CEJ to the base of the lesion, was 10.2 mm. The mean defect depth at the time of reentry was 5 mm. The mean gain in vertical bone fill was 5.2 mm. Perhaps more significantly, in 20 of 21 cases, there was vertical fill to within 1 mm of the 3‐walled component of the residual defect.Conclusion: When appropriate case selection and management are applied, the use of bioabsorbable membranes does provide for consistent and predictable bone fill, producing clinically relevant reduction in vertical defect depth. J Periodontol 2004;75:1728‐1733.
Laterally Moved, Coronally Advanced Flap: A Modified Surgical Approach for Isolated Recession‐Type Defects
Authors: Zucchelli G. , Cesari C. , Amore C. , Montebugnoli L. , De Sanctis M. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Various modifications of the laterally sliding flap have been proposed to reduce the risk of gingival recession at the donor tooth site, but the reported root coverage predictability was quite low. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness with respect to root coverage of a modified surgical approach of the laterally moved flap procedure for the treatment of an isolated type of recession defect.Methods: One hundred and twenty (120) isolated gingival recessions (Miller Class I or II) with specific features of the keratinized tissue lateral to the defects were treated with a new approach to the laterally moved flap. The main surgical modifications consisted of the coronal advancement of the laterally moved flap and the different thickness during flap elevation. Clinical evaluation was made 1 year after the surgery.Results: At the 1‐year examination, 97% of the root surface was covered with soft tissue and 96 defects (80%) showed complete root coverage. A statistical and clinically significant increase of keratinized tissue was observed. These favorable results were accomplished with no change in the position of gingival margin or in the height of gingival tissue at the donor tooth/site.Conclusions: The laterally moved, coronally advanced surgical technique was very effective in treating isolated gingival recessions. It combined the esthetic and root coverage advantages of the coronally advanced flap with the increase in gingival thickness and keratinized tissue associated with the laterally moved flap. The ideal gingival conditions must be present lateral to an isolated recession defect in order to render the proposed surgical technique an highly effective and predictable root coverage surgical procedure. J Periodontol 2004;75:1734‐1741.
Interfacially polymerized nanofiltration membranes: Atomic force microscopy and salt rejection studies
Authors: Mohammad A. Wahab , Hilal Nidal , Abu Seman M. Nizam 
Published: February 2005

AbstractInterfacial polymerization is one of the main techniques for producing composite nanofiltration (NF) membranes. In this study, five NF membranes were produced through interfacial polymerization under different conditions of reactions, namely varying reaction time, as well as monomer concentrations. The membranes were then imaged using atomic force microscope (AFM). AFM images provided information of the average pore size, pore size distribution, and surface roughness. For some of the membranes, discrete pore sizes were visible. Increasing the reaction time resulted in decreasing water permeabilities but based on AFM imaging the pore size was of similar value. Increasing the monomer concentration also resulted in decreasing water permeabilities. However, based on AFM imaging the pore size differs considerably. Additional permeation experiments were also carried out using NaCl and Na2SO4solutions with membranes identified as NF. By fitting the rejection data using a model such as the Donnan‐steric‐pore model, the variation in effective charge density of the membranes was also determined. The ability to tailor composite NF membranes with the right properties will significantly improve membrane performance. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 605–612, 2005
Study on the structure and properties of cyanate ester/bentonite nanocomposites
Authors: Feng Yu , Fang Zhengping , Mao Wei , Gu Aijuan 
Published: February 2005

AbstractCyanate ester (CE)/bentonite (BT) nanocomposites were prepared by melt blending of CE with NH4+‐BT. The nanostructure of CE/BT nanocomposites was studied by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was found that partially intercalated and partially exfoliated structures coexisted in CE/BT nanocomposites containing 2.5 wt % BT with respect to that of bulk CE. Below 2.5 wt % BT content, a totally exfoliated and disordered structure was formed in the nanocomposites. The exfoliated BT enhanced the toughness of CE/BT nanocomposites. The impact strength showed a maximum of 7.1kJ/m2 at 1 wt % BT, compared to 3.8kJ/m2 of pure CE. Furthermore, results of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) suggest that CE/BT nanocomposites have higher thermal stability. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 632–637, 2005
Cure kinetics of an epoxy/liquid aromatic diamine modified with poly(ether imide)
Authors: Naffakh Mohammed , Dumon Michel , Dupuy Jerôme , Gérard Jean‐François 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe cure kinetics and mechanisms of an epoxy oligomer based on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA), polymerized with a liquid aromatic diamine based on diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA 80), and its blends with poly(ether imide) (PEI) at concentrations of 0–15 wt % were studied with differential scanning calorimetry under dynamic and isothermal conditions. The kinetic analyses were performed with a phenomenological approach. The reaction mechanism of the blends remained the same as that of the neat epoxy. However, the addition of PEI had a marked effect on the cure kinetics in the DGEBA/DETDA 80 system. The rate of reaction decreased with an increase in the thermoplastic content. Diffusion control was incorporated to describe the cure behavior of the blends in the latter stages. Greater diffusion control was observed as the PEI concentration increased and the cure temperature decreased. Polymer blends based on this epoxy/liquid aromatic diamine had not been previously studied from a kinetic viewpoint. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 660–672, 2005
Raman spectroscopic study on the structural changes of polyaniline during heating and cooling processes
Authors: Zhang Jiaxin , Liu Chen , Shi Gaoquan 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPolyaniline (PANI) in three ground states—emeraldine base (EB), leucoemeraldine base (LEB), and pernigraniline base (PNB)—were studied by Raman spectroscopy in the temperature scale of −195 to about 375°C. The Raman spectral results demonstrated that a crosslinking reaction occurred on EB chains at high temperatures, whereas the phenyl torsion angles of EB chains decreased during the cooling process. LEB was unstable and was gradually converted to EB during the heating process, although its chain conformation remained stable by cooling. The spectral change tendency of PNB was similar to that of EB during the heating process. Although the torsion angle of PNB also decreased with decreasing temperature, like that of EB, this behavior was hard to observe experimentally because of the relatively “free ” rotation of its phenyl rings. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96:732–739, 2005
The partial retro–inverso modification: A road traveled together
Authors: Chorev Michael 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIn the mid‐1970s, Dr. Murray Goodman was interested in a reversed peptide bond as a surrogate to understand the functional role of the amide bond in aspartame, a dipeptide sweetener. Very soon, realizing the breath and potential of this modification, Murray expanded this activity into a full program and I was fortunate to be part of it. Together we formulated new concepts such as the partially modified retro–inverso and end‐group modified retro–inverso transformations, tested hypotheses, generated novel nomenclature, developed synthetic routes, characterized the preferred conformations of the unique building blocks employed in this modification, the gem‐diaminoalkyl and the C2‐substituted malonyl residues, and studied the biological activity of retro–inverso isomers of bioactive peptides. In the early 1980s several laboratories initiated extensive research targeted at the retro–inverso modification. The revival of this field led to new applications, new methods of synthesis, and new insights on the conformational and topological properties of the retro–inverso modification. Among the fields that embraced the retro–inverso concept were immunology as pertains to subjects such as synthetic vaccines, immunomodulators, and diagnostic tools, and drug delivery field as pertains to targeted and nontargeted cell permeation vectors loaded with bioactive cargo. Doctor Murray Goodman's sudden death leaves behind not only family, friends, and colleagues, but also an impressive record of scientific achievements among which is the revival of the modern era of the retro–inverso transformation. Murray's numerous contributions, excellent leadership, enthusiastic promotion, and outstanding teachings in this field will carry and illuminate his memory far into the future. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci), 2005
Racial differences in exposure and glucuronidation of the tobacco‐specific carcinogen 4‐(methylnitrosamino)‐1‐(3‐pyridyl)‐1‐butanone (NNK)
Authors: Muscat Joshua E. , Djordjevic Mirjana V. , Colosimo Stephen , Stellman Steven D. , Richie John P. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn the United States, Blacks who smoke cigarettes have a higher mean blood concentration of the nicotine metabolite cotinine than White smokers. It has not been determined whether there are racial differences in the exposure to the cigarette smoke carcinogen 4‐(methylnitrosamino)‐1‐(3‐pyridyl)‐1‐butanone (NNK) and in the detoxification of NNK metabolites.METHODSA community‐based cross‐sectional survey of 69 Black and 93 White smokers was conducted in lower Westchester County, New York. Information on smoking and lifestyle habits was collected and urinary concentrations of several tobacco smoke biomarkers were compared, including the NNK metabolite 4‐(methylnitrosamino)‐1‐(3‐pyridyl)‐1‐butanol (NNAL) and its glucuronide (NNAL‐Gluc). A frequency histogram and probit plot of NNAL‐Gluc:NNAL ratios were constructed to determine slow and rapid glucuronidation phenotypes.RESULTSThe mean concentrations of total NNAL, urinary cotinine, plasma cotinine, and thiocyanate were significantly higher in Black men than in White men for each cigarette smoked. In women, the only biomarker that was significantly elevated in Blacks was plasma cotinine. A higher proportion of White versus Black women was categorized as “rapid” glucuronidators (two‐tailed exact test, P = 0.03). In men, there were no significant differences in NNAL‐Gluc:NNAL phenotypes.CONCLUSIONSThe higher rates of lung carcinoma in black men may be due in part to a higher level of exposure to tobacco smoke carcinogens. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Collective communication for the HPJava programming language
Authors: Lim Sang Boem , Carpenter Bryan , Fox Geoffrey , Lee Han‐ku 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThis paper addresses functionality and implementation of a HPJava version of the Adlib collective communication library for data parallel programming. We begin by illustrating typical use of the library, through an example multigrid application. Then we describe implementation issues for the high‐level library. At a software engineering level, we illustrate how the primitives of the HPJava language assist in writing library methods whose implementation can be largely independent of the distribution format of the argument arrays. We also describe a low‐level API called mpjdev, which handles basic communication underlying the Adlib implementation. Finally we present some benchmark results, and some conclusions. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using MPI with C# and the Common Language Infrastructure
Authors: Willcock Jeremiah , Lumsdaine Andrew , Robison Arch 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWe describe two different libraries for using the Message Passing Interface (MPI) with the C# programming language and the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI). The first library provides C# bindings that closely match the original MPI library specification. The second library presents a fully object‐oriented interface to MPI and exploits modern language features of C#. The interfaces described here use the P/Invoke feature of the CLI to dispatch to a native implementation of MPI, such as LAM/MPI or MPICH. Performance results using the Shared Source CLI demonstrate only a small performance overhead. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
inAspect: interfacing Java and VSIPL applications
Authors: Alford Torey , Shah Vijay P. , Skjellum Anthony , Younan Nicholas H. , Taylor Clayborne D. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss the origin, design, performance, and directions of the inAspect high‐performance signal‐ and image‐processing package for Java. The Vector Signal and Image Processing Library (VSIPL) community provides a standardized application programmer interface (API) for high‐performance signal and image processing plus linear algebra with a C emphasis and object‐based design framework. Java programmers need high‐performance and/or portable APIs for this broad base of functionality as well. inAspect addresses PDAs, embedded Java boards, workstations, and servers, with emphasis on embedded systems at present. Efforts include supporting integer precisions and utilizing coordinate rotation digital computer (CORDIC) algorithms—both aimed at added relevance for limited‐performance environments, such as present‐day PDAs. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Normalization of multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (M‐FISH) images for improving color karyotyping
Authors: Wang Yu‐Ping , Castleman Kenneth R. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBackgroundMultiplex or multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (M‐FISH) is a recently developed cytogenetic technique for cancer diagnosis and research on genetic disorders. By simultaneously viewing the multiply labeled specimens in different color channels, M‐FISH facilitates the detection of subtle chromosomal aberrations. The success of this technique largely depends on the accuracy of pixel classification (color karyotyping). Improvements in classifier performance would allow the elucidation of more complex and more subtle chromosomal rearrangements. Normalization of M‐FISH images has a significant effect on the accuracy of classification. In particular, misalignment or misregistration across multiple channels seriously affects classification accuracy. Image normalization, including automated registration, must be done before pixel classification.Methods and ResultsWe studied several image normalization approaches that affect image classification. In particular, we developed an automated registration technique to correct misalignment across the different fluor images (caused by chromatic aberration and other factors). This new registration algorithm is based on wavelets and spline approximations that have computational advantages and improved accuracy. To evaluate the performance improvement brought about by these data normalization approaches, we used the downstream pixel classification accuracy as a measurement. A Bayesian classifier assumed that each of 24 chromosome classes had a normal probability distribution. The effects that this registration and other normalization steps have on subsequent classification accuracy were evaluated on a comprehensive M‐FISH database established by Advanced Digital Imaging Research (http://www.adires.com/05/Project/MFISH_DB/MFISH_DB.shtml).ConclusionsPixel misclassification errors result from different factors. These include uneven hybridization, spectral overlap among fluors, and image misregistration. Effective preprocessing of M‐FISH images can decrease the effects of those factors and thereby increase pixel classification accuracy. The data normalization steps described in this report, such as image registration and background flattening, can significantly improve subsequent classification accuracy. An improved classifier in turn would allow subtle DNA rearrangements to be identified in genetic diagnosis and cancer research. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of a stereological method to measure levels of fluoropyrimidine metabolizing enzymes in tumor sections using laser scanning cytometry
Authors: Megyeri Attila , Bacsó Zsolt , Shields Anthony , Eliason James F. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBackgroundThe enzymes thymidine phosphorylase (TP) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) influence the activities of fluoropyrimidine anticancer drugs. The sensitivity of cancer cells to capecitabine, which is an oral, tumor‐selective pre‐prodrug of 5‐fluorouracil may correlate better to the TP/DPD ratio than to levels of either enzyme alone. Our goal was to develop a quantitative immunofluorescent method for estimating the levels of TP, DPD, and their ratio in archival tumor sections.MethodsMouse anti‐TP and rat anti‐DPD monoclonal antibodies were used for parallel indirect immunofluorescent staining. The fluorescence was measured using a laser scanning cytometer (LSC; CompuCyte, Cambridge, MA) in single cells and in sections prepared from cell lines and a human tumor. The phantom contouring feature of the LSC provided a stereologic approach for collecting the fluorescence intensity data from sections.ResultsThe relative fluorescence intensities measured in single cells or in sections of the cell lines, using single or double labeling, were similar, supporting the suitability of phantom contouring and two‐color staining. Sections of the T‐24 and ZR‐75‐1 cell lines placed on the same slide as the tumor section were used as internal standards for fluorescence measurements. The TP/DPD ratios measured in three cell lines correlated well with the cytotoxicity of 5′‐deoxy‐5‐fluorouridine measured in vitro, indicating that the measurements are related to the biological activity of the drug.ConclusionsPlotting the data as contour maps of the topologic distribution of fluorescence intensities in tumor sections allows subsequent histopathologic examination, which may reveal features of the tumors leading to high or low ratios of these enzymes. In addition, this method can be used for any drug target/metabolic system where the key components are known and suitable antibodies are available. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cyclobutanone Approach to the Synthesis of Cardenolides
Authors: Błaszczyk Krzysztof , Koenig Hanna , Paryzek Zdzisław 
Published: February 2005

Abstract17β‐(3‐Oxocyclobutyl)androstane, prepared by the thermal [2 + 2] cycloaddition of dichloroketene to 3β‐acetoxypregna‐5,20‐diene, is the key intermediate in the new, efficient synthesis of steroids bearing the 17β‐butenolide fragment that characterizes cardenolides. The six‐step synthesis of 3β‐tert‐butyldimethylsilyloxy‐14α‐carda‐5,20(22)‐dienolide was achieved with a total yield of 32%. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Remote Participation‐Assisted Synthesis of β‐Mannosides
Authors: De Meo Cristina , Kamat Medha N. , Demchenko Alexei V. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe stereoselectivity of β‐mannosylation can be improved with the use of a participating moiety at C‐4 (O‐anisoyl, O‐thiocarbamoyl). This improvement was achieved in glycosidations of S‐ethyl and, especially, S‐benzoxazolyl (SBox) mannosides. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Reactions of gem‐Aryl‐Disubstituted Methylenecyclopropanes with Diaryl Diselenide in the Presence of Iodosobenzene Diacetate
Authors: Shi Min , Wang Bao‐Yu , Li Jia 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe reaction of gem‐aryl‐disubstituted methylenecyclopropanes 1 with diaryl diselenide produced the corresponding ring‐opened products 1,2‐bis(arylselanyl)‐3,3‐diarylcyclobut‐1‐ene 4 in the presence of iodosobenzene diacetate in moderate‐to‐good yields under mild conditions. The further transformation of 4 in the presence of MCPBA has also been examined. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)