bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sorption behavior of europium(III) and curium(III) on the cell surfaces of microorganisms
Authors: Ozaki Takuo , Gillow J. B. , Kimura Takaumi , Ohnuki T. , Yoshida Zenko , Francis Arokiasamy J. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryWe investigated the association of europium(III) and curium(III) with the microorganismsChlorella vulgaris,Bacillus subtilis,Pseudomonas fluorescens,Halomonassp.,Halobacterium salinarum, andHalobacterium halobium. We determined the kinetics and distribution coefficients (Kd) for Eu(III) and Cm(III) sorption at pH 3-5 by batch experiments, and evaluated the number of water molecules in the inner-sphere (NH₂O) and the degree of strength of ligand field (RE/M) for Eu(III) by time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS). Exudates fromC. vulgaris,Halomonassp., andH. halobiumhad an affinity for Eu(III) and Cm(III). The logKdof Eu(III) and Cm(III) showed that their sorption was not fully due to the exchange with three protons on the functional groups on cell surfaces. The halophilic microorganisms (Halomonassp.,Halobacterium salinarum,H. halobium) showed almost no pH dependence in logKd, indicating that an exchange with Na+on the functional groups was involved in their sorption. The Δ NH₂O(=9-NH₂O) for Eu(III) onC. vulgariswas 1-3, while that for the other microorganisms was over 3, demonstrating that the coordination of Eu(III) withC. vulgariswas predominantly an outer-spherical process. TheRE/Mfor Eu(III) on halophilic microorganisms was 2.5-5, while that for non-halophilic ones was 1-2.5. This finding suggests that the coordination environment of Eu(III) on the halophilic microorganisms is more complicated than that on the other three non-halophilic ones.
Results of the colloid and radionuclide retention experiment (CRR) at the Grimsel Test Site (GTS), Switzerland – impact of reaction kinetics and speciation on radionuclide migration
Authors: Geckeis Horst , Schäfer Thorsten , Hauser W. , Rabung Thomas , Missana T. , Degueldre C. , Möri A. , Eikenberg J. , Fierz Th. , Alexander W. R. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryThe influence of smectite colloids on the migration behaviour of U(VI), Th(IV), Pu(IV), Am(III), Np(V), Sr(II) and Cs(I) is investigated within the Colloid and Radionuclide Retardation experiment (CRR). Twoin situexperiments in a well-characterized granitic fracture zone are carried out in presence and absence of bentonite colloids. Radionuclide retardation observed in the field studies increases in the sequence Np(V)∼U(VI)<Sr(II)<Cs(I), where a small fraction of colloid borne breakthrough is only stated for Cs(I) in presence of bentonite colloids. Am(III) and Th/Pu(IV) mainly migrate as colloids without retardation in the presence and absence of smectitic colloids. The radionuclide migration behaviour is discussed on the basis of results obtained in laboratory batch sorption experiments and spectroscopic studies. Consistent with the field observation, laboratory derivedKdvalues increase in the order Np(V)∼U(VI)<Sr(II)<Cs(I). Significant kinetic hindrance for the sorption to fault gauge minerals is observed for Sr(II) and Cs(I), but notably for Am(III) and Pu(IV). The slow sorption reaction of tri- and tetravalent actinide ions is explained by their kinetically hindered dissociation from colloidal species. In order to explain the colloidal behaviour of tri- and tetravalent actinides even in absence of bentonite colloids, ultracentrifugation and spectroscopic experiments are performed. It is found that up to 60% of Pu(IV) and Am(III) species can be centrifuged off. Adding Cm(III) (5×10-8mol L-1) into both injection solutions instead of Am(III) allows for a spectroscopic study by using the time resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS). Peak position and fluorescence lifetimes (λ=604 nm, τ=110-114 μs) together with the fact that Cm(III) can be widely separated by ultracentrifugation, suggest the existence of inner-sphere surface complexes on groundwater and bentonite colloids. CarbonK-edge XANES analysis of the bentonite colloids reveal the presence of natural organic constituents. They are mainly of aliphatic nature containing high fractions of carboxylate groups. A contribution of these organic species towards the bentonite colloid stability and sorption of actinides is assumed to be likely.
Comparison betweenin situand laboratory diffusion studies of HTO and halides in Opalinus Clay from the Mont Terri
Authors: Tevissen Etienne , Soler J. M. , Montarnal P. , Gautschi A. , Van Loon Luc R. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryA long-term single-borehole diffusion experiment (DI) using tritiated water (HTO) and stable iodide (127I-) was carried out In the Opalinus Clay of the Mont Terri Underground Rock Laboratory (URL). Diffusion coefficientsDLand accessible porosity for HTO,36Cl-and125I-were also measured on centimetric Opalinus clay samples using the through diffusion technique. The evolution of tritium and iodide concentration in the injection system over time andin situprofiles were interpreted with a 3-D numerical simulation. A detailed analysis of the results pointed out the effect of a disturbed zone around the borehole with higher diffusion coefficients. The best estimate values for HTO and iodide in the undisturbed rock areDL= 5×10-11m2/s andDL= 1.5×10-11m2/s respectively. For the laboratory tests,DLvalues for HTO are in the range of 5×10-11m2/s to 8.5×10-11m2/s. For125I-and36Cl-the measured values areDL=νmber1.4×10-11andDL=1.6×10-11m2/s respectively.All HTO results obtained with a through diffusion technique are within the same range as those obtained in thein situtests. TheDLvalues obtained in diffusion cells with125I-and36Cl-and the value drawn from the interpretation of stable127I-concentration profiles from thein situtests are very close. In fact, some significant uncertainties could be identified (i.e.a likely chemical retention of iodide on argillites, effect of the disturbed zone).
Simulating reactive transport in time dependent multiphase flow problems
Authors: Saaltink Maarten , Batlle Francisco , Ayora Carlos , Carrera Jesús 
Published: December 2004

Summary
This paper discusses issues on time stepping and time weighing when simulating reactive transport in time dependent multiphase flow problems. It proposes to solve the flow and transport equation with different time increments. We analyze how the time varying flow properties should be evaluated in order to obtain correct solute mass balances. The proposed algorithm is illustrated by an example that models pyrite oxidation in an unsaturated soil. The example shows that flow and transport may require completely different time steps for numerical reasons and illustrates well the utility of using different time steps.
Chemical Potential of Charge Carriers in Solids
Authors: Maier Joachim 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
The contribution discusses the chemical potential of point defects (at or close to equilibrium) for a variety of cases: low and high concentration, electrons and ions, crystalline and amorphous materials, absence and presence of interactions, bulk and planar or curved interfaces, strained and unstrained situations, semi-infinite and finite boundary contributions.
Comparison of Dynamics of Ions in Ionically Conducting Materials and Dynamics of Glass-Forming Substances: Remarkable Similarities
Authors: Ngai K. L. , Habasaki J. , León C. , Rivera A. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
We consider many of the fundamental dynamic properties of ionically conducting glasses, crystals and melts and show there are analogues in the dynamic properties of glass-forming substances. These similarities suggest the dynamics of these two classes of complex systems are governed by the same physics. We also show within each class, the evolution of dynamics from short time to long times are principally governed by the stretch exponent of the Kohlrasuch function, which determines either the primary relaxation of glass-formers or the conductivity relaxation of ionic conductors.
Personal Meaning, Self‐Representation, and Agency in Some Recent Works
Authors: Cravalho Mark A. 
Published: December 2004

Inuit Morality Play: The Emotional Education of. Three‐Year‐Old. Jean L. Briggs. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1998. 275 pp.The Power of Feelings: Personal Meaning in Psychoanalysis, Gender, and Culture. Nancy J. Chodorow. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1999. 320 pp.Identity and Agency in Cultural Worlds. Dorothy Holland. William Lachicotte Jr. Debra Skinner. and Carol Cain. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998. 349 pp.
Men and Masculinities
Authors: Synnott Anthony 
Published: December 2004

Masculinities: Football, Polo and the Tango in Argentina. Eduardo P. Archetti. New York: Berg, 1999. 212 pp.Football Hooligans: Knowing the Score. Gary Armstrong. New York: Berg, 1998. 361 pp.Manhood and Morality: Sex, Violence and Ritual in Gisu Society. Suzette Heald. New York: Routledge, 1999. 192 pp.What It Means to Be. Man: Reflections on Puerto Rican Masculinity. Rafael L. Ramírez. translated by Rosa E. Casper. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1999 139 pp.
Anthropologists in Search of a Culture: Margaret Mead, Derek Freeman and All the Rest of Us
Authors: Leacock Eleanor 
Published: December 2004

This compelling analysis of the implications of the “Mead‐Freeman” debate is the last work by Eleanor Leacock, who died in Samoa in 1987. According to Leacock, one of the principal effects of Freeman's attack on Mead's work was to focus attention upon his support for biological determinism. In addition, his findings about Samoa ignored the culture changes that had taken place in Samoa through time. Freeman can also be faulted for failing to note the contemporary problems of Samoa as a small, Third World island nation.On the other hand, Leacock reflects on the possibility that even if Mead's research reinforced an infantile image of Samoans as “simple, happy natives,” Freeman's “balanced” emphasis on aggression and violence has potentially negative effects for Samoan communities throughout the world. Hence, both Mead and Freeman separated Samoan culture from Samoan history.Leacock thus demonstrates vividly that the lack of a historically based, advocacy‐oriented anthropology produces stereotyped images. This advocacy is the key to forging access to the “insider” perspective, for it assumes that it is undertaken in active collaboration with those whom the researcher is studying. Leacock's paper thus points the way to a more constructuve and collaborative ethnography.
Tradition, Trade and Transformation: Southeast Asian Textiles;Michael Hitchcock: Indonesian Textiles
Authors: Niessen Sandra A. 
Published: December 2004

Tradition, Trade and Transformation: Southeast Asian Textiles. ROBYN MAXWELL. Melbourne: Australian National Gallery and Oxford University Press, 1990. 432pp., 580 b/w and color illustrations, map, glossary of technical terms, bibliography. $135 (cloth).Indonesian Textiles. MICHAEL HITCHCOCK. Berkeley and Singapore: Periplus Editions, 1991.192pp., numerous b/w and color photographs, illustrations, map, bibliography. $27.95 (paper).
Hypoxia and Anemia: Factors in Decreased Sensitivity to Radiation Therapy and Chemotherapy?
Authors: Harrison Louis , Blackwell Kimberly 
Published: December 2004

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to:
Explain how tumor hypoxia affects radiation resistance. Apply this understanding to clinical outcome in specific diseases. Describe approaches for improving therapeutic outcome in anemia patients.
Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 hour of AMA PRA category 1 credit atCME.TheOncologist.com
Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors that occurs across a wide variety of malignancies. Hypoxia and anemia (which contributes to tumor hypoxia) can lead to ionizing radiation and chemotherapy resistance by depriving tumor cells of the oxygen essential for the cytotoxic activities of these agents. Hypoxia may also reduce tumor sensitivity to radiation therapy and chemotherapy through one or more indirect mechanisms that include proteomic and genomic changes. These effects, in turn, can lead to increased invasiveness and metastatic potential, loss of apoptosis, and chaotic angiogenesis, thereby further increasing treatment resistance. Investigations of the prognostic significance of pretreatment tumor oxygenation status have shown that hypoxia (oxygen tension [pO2] value ≤10 mmHg) is associated with lower overall and disease-free survival, greater recurrence, and less locoregional control in head and neck carcinoma, cervical carcinoma, and soft-tissue sarcoma. In view of the deleterious effect of hypoxia on standard cancer treatment, a variety of hypoxia- and anemia-targeted therapies have been studied in an effort to improve therapeutic effectiveness and patient outcomes. Early evidence from experimental and clinical studies suggests the administration of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) may enhance the effectiveness of radiation therapy and chemotherapy by increasing hemoglobin levels and ameliorating anemia in patients with disease- or treatment-related anemia. However, further research is needed in the area of hypoxia-related treatment resistance and its reversal.
rHuEPO and Treatment Outcomes: the Clinical Experience
Authors: Hudis Clifford A. , Van Belle Simon , Chang Jose , Muenstedt Karsten 
Published: December 2004

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to:
Relate anemia to treatment outcome in a number of solid tumors. Relate hemoglobin level to quality of life. Describe the potential adverse consequences of overtreating anemia.
Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 hour of AMA PRA category 1 credit atCME.TheOncologist.com
Increasingly, anemia is being recognized as a negative prognostic and predictive factor for patients undergoing chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of these treatment modalities. The results of clinical studies have shown correlations between anemia and shorter survival times in patients with a wide variety of solid tumors and hematologic malignancies, including lung, ovarian, breast, and head/neck cancers, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, Waldenström's macroglobulinemia, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Also, anemia has been shown to predict treatment response in patients with ovarian, cervical, and urothelial cancers, mantle cell lymphoma, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia, as well as refractory/relapsed acute myelogenous leukemia. Based on the presumed causal relationship between anemia and poor patient outcome, several studies have examined the influence of epoetin alfa (a recombinant human erythropoietin) on outcomes in anemic patients undergoing cancer treatment. The results of these studies have been encouraging, with indications of greater locoregional tumor control and higher response rates in epoetin alfa-treated patients. Additionally, epoetin alfa therapy, by correcting anemia, has been shown to improve a patient's energy level, ability to perform daily activities, and overall quality of life (QOL). Such effects not only enhance a patient's general well-being, but may also increase their tolerance of, and willingness to undergo, full courses of their cancer therapy in a timely manner. These findings support the use of epoetin alfa to achieve gains in QOL and cancer treatment outcomes in anemic cancer patients and suggest that additional studies be conducted to further investigate the potential benefits of this agent in regard to improved outcomes.
Vapor Sublimation and Deposition Polymerization to Fabricate a Directional Scaffold for Guiding Tubular Dentin Regeneration
Authors: Christy Jane , Chuang Chih‐Peng , Wu Chih‐Yu , Yeh Hsiao‐Wen , Wang Peng‐Yuan , Wu Ting‐Ying , Kuo Wei‐Ting , Chiang Yu‐Chih , Chen Hsien‐Yeh 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDental caries, or tooth decay, is a widespread problem and is generally considered irreversible, yet a regeneration solution exists to cure them. In this study, a multifunctional and biocompatible dental scaffold is fabricated by a unique vapor sublimation and deposition polymerization process with the well‐accepted material Parylene, resulting in the construction of a 3D and porous polymer scaffold that accommodates living cells and a combination of growth factor molecules in a single fabrication process, which differentiates the coating formation from a conventional vapor process. Physically, a directional interior structure is constructed to guide dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) attachment and alignment. Biochemically, necessary growth factors, including Wnt‐3a and FGF‐2, are incorporated within the scaffold during fabrication to guide the cell differentiation of odontogenesis. The synergistic effects of the attachment and alignment of DPSCs, as well as the biocompatibility and odontogenic activities of the components accommodated in the scaffold, result in the upregulation of the cell differentiation into odontoblasts, as shown by the morphology of odontoblasts and the expressions of odontogenesis markers. Thus, the reported fabrication technique and its products represent an alternative approach for dentin regeneration in dental caries and tooth decay.
La0.6Sr0.4CoO3−δ Films Under Deoxygenation: Magnetic And Electronic Transitions Are Apart from The Structural Phase Transition
Authors: He Suqin , Petracic Oleg , Lauter Valeria , Cao Lei , Zhou Yunxia , Weber Moritz Lukas , Schubert Jürgen , Concepción Omar , Dittmann Regina , Waser Rainer , Brückel Thomas , Gunkel Felix 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTopotactic phase transitions induced by changes in the oxygen vacancy concentration can largely alter the physical properties of complex oxides, including electronic and magnetic phases, while maintaining the structural integrity of the crystal lattice. An oxygen‐vacancy‐induced topotactic phase transition from perovskite (PV) to brownmillerite (BM) is achieved in epitaxial La0.6Sr0.4CoO3−δ (LSCO) thin films. Two novel intermediate states with different oxygen content are identified by X‐ray diffraction, which involves a single‐phase reduced PV state and a mixed state of co‐existing PV and BM. The combination of depth‐sensitive polarized neutron reflectometry (PNR) and Rutherford backscattering (RBS) allows a quantitative determination of magnetization and the mean oxygen content in all states, revealing a continuous transition from La0.6Sr0.4CoO2.97 to La0.6Sr0.4CoO2.5. BM formation is observed for an LSCO layer with an oxygen content of 2.67, while the magnetic and electronic transition already occurs for a layer with a higher oxygen content of 2.77 (and above) and in the absence of a BM signature. These results demonstrate that the physics of electronic metal‐to‐insulator transition (MIT), magnetic ferromagnet‐to‐non‐ferromagnet transition (FM‐to‐non‐FM), and structural PV‐to‐BM phase transition should be considered within the framework of separate but interrelated processes.
High‐Performance Terpolymers with Well‐Defined Structures Facilitate PCE Over 19% for Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Deng Xiangmeng , Huang Bin , Fang Yu , Chen Dong , Cheng Yujun , Chen Shanshan , Zhang Jialin , Zhang Lifu , Jeong Seonghun , Wu Feiyan , Liu Jinbiao , Chen Lie , Yang Changduk , Chen Yiwang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTernary copolymerization is a cost‐effective and time‐saving approach to improve device performance and batch stability of polymer donors. However, the structure of the ternary polymer donor obtained by the traditional one‐pot polymerization is vague due to the different monomer reaction order, which has a great influence on the absorption, crystallization, molecular stacking, and device performance. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain terpolymers with definite structures, and systematically study the differences in device properties of polymers with different sequence structures. Herein, three terpolymers D1, D2, and D3 are developed. Random copolymer D3 is obtained via the traditional one‐pot method while alternating copolymer donor D1 and block copolymer D2 are synthesized by stepwise polymerization. Because the block copolymer D2 possess periodic sequence distribution and retains the excellent properties of the two polymer matrix very well, the D2‐based device shows enhanced tightened π‐face‐on molecular stacking, distinguished efficient exciton dissociation, and decreased energy loss. As a result, the D2:L8‐BO‐based polymer solar cells achieve one of a record power conversion efficiency of 19.03%. The work demonstrates changing the sequence structure of the polymers to synthesize well‐defined structures polymer donors not only maintains the features of polymer matrix, but also combines the advantages of ternary copolymerization.
A Comprehensive Review of Organic Hole‐Transporting Materials for Highly Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Duan Yuwei , Chen Yu , Wu Yihui , Liu Zhike , Liu Shengzhong , Peng Qiang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractInverted perovskite solar cells (IPSCs) have attracted unprecedented attention due to their negligible hysteresis, long‐term operational stability, low temperature, and cost‐effective fabrication process, as well as wide applications. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of IPSCs has skyrocketed from 3.9% in 2013 to certified 26.1% in 2023, which is over the certified 25.8% of regular counterpart, benefiting from the emergence of a great number of organic hole‐transporting materials (HTM). This review provides an overview of the recent development of organic hole‐transporting materials in the efficiency and stability of IPSCs, including organic small molecules and conjugated conductive polymers. The effective strategies for the charge‐transport layer and perovskite films of IPSCs are also discussed. Finally, the prospective for further development of IPSCs is outlined, including developing novel hole‐transporting materials and fabricating techniques to meet the requirements of commercial application.
Self‐Activating Phosphorus‐Rich Substrate Import Enzyme Catalytic Domains for Bone Regeneration
Authors: Zhao Qing , Chen Jieqiong , Tang Jiajing , Lei Xiaoyu , Zhang Jinzheng , Zhang Yinglong , Li Jidong , Zuo Yi , Li Yubao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEnzymes play a key role in natural mineralization, but their function is disabling in bone metabolism when patients suffer severe degenerations like hypophosphatasia. To regulate bone homeostasis, a self‐activating phosphorus‐rich system is proposed on calcium glycerophosphate (CaGP) modified polyurethane (PU) fibrous substrate, wherein ample enzyme catalytic domains are imported with intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IALP) chelating and activating by calcium in situ that is testified by chemical potential evaluation. Therefore, Ca‐bonding IALP catalyzes organophosphate to phosphate locally to achieve a calcified symbiotic state, regulating mineralization and accelerating osteoinduction in vitro and in vivo. The self‐activating enzyme system promotes early osteogenic differentiation and angiogenesis, resulting in rapid healing of cranial defect with a “long‐tail” effect compared to an enzyme‐assisted system. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses demonstrate positive associations with neovascularization and calcium/phosphorus metabolism, specifically upregulated glycerophospholipids and calcium ions in favor of osteogenic differentiation under cytokine‐free conditions. These results provide a potential enzyme‐activating therapy in bone homeostasis and regeneration.