bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Redefinition of the Upper Pennsylvanian Virgilian Series in Kansas
Authors: Baars D. L. , Ritter Scott M. , Maples C. G. , Ross Charles A. 
Published: January 2025

The Virgilian Series was defined nearly 60 years ago to include those rocks lying between the Missourian Series and the base of the Permian System. In the type area in east-central Kansas, the Virgilian Series comprised the Douglas, Shawnee, and Wabaunsee Groups. In Kansas, the upper boundary of the Virgilian (Pennsylvanian-Permian boundary) was placed at the top of the Brownville Limestone Member on the basis of what was then believed to be a regional disconformity rather than on paleontological criteria. Recent advances in fusulinid and conodont biostratigraphy provide tentative criteria upon which to effect a change in the placement of the Virgilian-Permian boundary. It is now generally agreed that the base of the Permian System is approximated by the first occurrence of Pseudoschwagerina, an inflated schwagerinid. Furthermore, the Subcommission on Permian Stratigraphy has informally agreed that the base of the Permian should coincide with the first occurrence of the conodont species Streptognathodus barskovi. Inflated schwagerinids (Paraschwagerina kansasensis) first occur along with evolutionary changes in the Conodonta in the Neva Limestone of the Council Grove Group. Consequently, the Virgilian Series is herein redefined to include rocks present between the top of the Missourian Series and the base of the Neva Limestone.
To increase compatibility between chronostratigraphic and lithostratigraphic nomenclature, the following changes are made: I) the Admire Group is redefined to include rocks between the base of the Onaga Shale and the base of the Neva Limestone; 2) the Admire is reassigned to the upper Virgilian Series; 3) the Neva Limestone is elevated to formational status; 4) the Grenola Limestone is redefined to include strata between the top of the Roca Shale and the base of the Neva Limestone; 5) the overlying Council Grove Group is redefined to include strata lying between the base of the Neva Limestone and the base of the Chase Group; and 6) regionally the base of the emended Council Grove Group marks the base of the Permian System. The emended Council Grove Group is lower Wolfcampian in age and is time equivalent with the Neal Ranch Formation of the west Texas type Wolfcampian.
High-frequency carbonate cycles and stacking patterns: Interplay of orbital forcing and subsidence on Lower Jurassic rift platforms, High Atlas, Morocco
Authors: Crevello Paul D. 
Published: January 2025

The stratigraphy of carbonate cycles and cycle-stacking patterns in Lower Jurassic shallow-water platforms from the High Atlas rift are related to base-level changes driven by orbital forcing and subsidence. Multifold platform stratigraphic hierarchy, originally recognized from field observations, yields cycle ratios approximating 20:5:1 with time-thickness (Fischer plots) and time-series analyses. The cycle ratios are similar to orbital cycles of long and short eccentricity and precession. A depositional sequence model for cycle-stacking patterns, which is governed by a threefold superimposed sea-level curve that yields a 20:5:1 cycle ratio, is compared with the stratigraphic field data. Divergence of Jurassic cycle distribution and stacking patterns from the ideal model suggest that subsidence and variation in long-term eccentricity controlled the development of progradational, aggradational, or retrogradational stacking patterns and thus dictated the resulting distribution of systems tracts within depositional sequences. The lithofacies character and cycle symmetry of individual carbonate cycles are controlled by local environmental conditions in addition to eustasy and subsidence. Cycles are considered the fundamental stratigraphic element constructing the platforms. However, the contribution of complete cycles to the overall stratigraphic record of the platform is varied. Outer-platform cyclic strata make up nearly 75% of the stratigraphic interval. In contrast, platform-margin or inner-platform strata contain less than 50% complete cycles. The balance at the outer platform between subsidence and the interplay of high-frequency and low-amplitude sea-level fluctuations of 1-5 m (3-16 ft) accounts for the higher percentage of cycles in shallow-water settings. Inner-platform strata were limited by creation of accommodation space, and platform-margin strata were too deep on the distally steepened margin to be influenced by every base-level shift that affected shallow-water sedimentation. Only infrequently did high-amplitude sea-level falls, of the order of 30 m (100 ft), expose sediments at the platform margin.
Extinct Lizards from Upper Pliocene Deposits of Kansas / Extinct Toads and Salamanders from Middle Pliocene Beds of Wallace and Sherman Counties, Kansas
Authors: Edward H. Taylor 
Published: January 2025

The state of Kansas is widely known for its fossil-bearing rock strata, which have yielded a great number and variety of extinct vertebrate animals that lived in past ages. For the most part, the vertebrate fossils that are best known belong to the larger forms of mammals, reptiles, and fishes, inasmuch as these are usually the first to be collected. This is probably due to the fact that fossilized bones of the larger animals are more readily discovered and more easily excavated. The faunas of the past, however, did not consist merely of large animals. Just as today we find small species living in the same regions with the larger species, so we may expect the same to be true of past geological periods or epochs.
I have undertaken to find out something about the varieties of these small forms, particularly, the species of lizards, snakes, frogs, toads, and salamanders that lived during late Pliocene time in Kansas; to ascertain their relationships with the present living forms; and to determine whether they throw any light on the climatic conditions that existed in the past, when camels, rhinoceroses, peccaries, three-toed horses, and mastodons were typical large mammals of the state.
This paper treats only of the lizards of the upper Pliocene deposits in Kansas. Four species are here reported for the first time. That this is a significant number is evident when we realize that only three species of lizards have been heretofore known from all of Miocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene time in North America. One of the three is a horned-toad, one a collared lizard, and these two have been referred to the living genera Phrynosoma and Crotaphytus, respectively; one, which is from the Miocene, has been made the type of a new genus, having no known living representatives.
In this paper one genus and four species of lizards are described from the upper Pliocene beds of Meade County, Kansas. These are Eumecoides, n. gen. (Scincidae?), genotype E. hibbardi, n. sp., E. mylocoelus, n. sp., Eumeces striatulatus, n. sp. (Scincidae), and Cnemidophorus bilobatus, n. sp. (Teiidae).
The first two species are small lizards whose relationship is not clear. They are placed in a new genus, and referred, with some doubt, to the family of the skinks. The third species is a skink of the widely distributed genus Eumeces, which has living representatives in Africa, Asia, and North America. The fourth species is a whiptail lizard, belonging to a living genus, and to a family which is confined to the western hemisphere.
The Borchers Fauna, a New Pleistocene Interglacial Fauna from Meade County, Kansas
Authors: Hibbard Claude W. 
Published: January 2025

A previously unknown mammalian fauna from interglacial Pleistocene deposits of the High Plains region is described from Meade County, Kansas, and a short discussion of the geological relations of the fossil-bearing beds is given. The fauna indicates the existence of a warm climatic condition at the time that the fauna lived in the area. Remains of four classes of vertebrates have been collected from the deposit--amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals--of which specimens belonging to the first three have not yet been studied. This paper treats the Mammalia, which consists of 4 orders, 9 families, and 12 genera. The following new species are described and illustrated: Citellus meadensis, Citellus cragini, Perognathus pearlettensis, Onychomys fossilis, Reithrodontomys pratincola, Sigmodon hilli, and Zapus burti.
Classification of the Marmaton Group, Pennsylvanian, in Kansas
Authors: Jewett John M. 
Published: January 2025

The Marmaton group consists of about 250 feet of limestone, shale, sandstone, and coal which, together with the underlying Cherokee shale, comprise the Des Moines series of Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) age in the northern Mid-continent area. The outcrop area of Marmaton rocks extends from southern Iowa across Missouri and southeastern Kansas into northeastern Oklahoma. Marmaton rocks seem to rest conformably on the Cherokee shale, but are separated from the overlying rocks of the Missouri series by a regional disconformity.
Marmaton rocks have long been subdivided into limestone formations and shale formations, and these have been given formal names. A few of the members of the limestone formations have been named, but the classification thus far has been decidedly incomplete. This paper introduces names for several limestone and shale units within the limestone formations and hence offers a more nearly complete classification applicable to the group in Kansas and at least in part in other states. Names are given to members of the Fort Scott, Pawnee, Altamont, and Lenapah limestone formations, and names are suggested for sandstones (probably better termed sandy facies) in the Bandera and Nowata shales.
Although the lithology of Marmaton rocks is not described here in detail, some descriptions of lateral and vertical changes are nevertheless included. The fact that there is plain evidence of cyclic sedimentation is noted. It is explained that the rocks of the Marmaton group are readily divisible into megacyclothems and cyclothems,
Pennsylvanian Morrowan Rocks and Fusulinids of Kansas
Authors: Thompson M.L 
Published: January 2025

Subsurface pre-Desmoinesian Pennsylvanian rocks of Kearny County, southwestern Kansas, are named the Kearny formation, and, mainly on the basis of their fusulinid faunas, they are referred to the Morrowan series. Four species and one variety of fusulinids from the type section of the Kearny formation are described and illustrated as Millerella marblensis Thompson, M. pressa, n. sp., M. pinguis, n. sp., M.? advena n. sp., and M.? advena var. ampla, n. var. Also, the fusulinid fauna from the type section of the Morrowan series at Morrow, Arkansas, is here described and illustrated for the first time. All four of the species of fusulinids, and possibly the variety, present in the Kearny formation in Kansas are also recognized in Morrowan rocks of Arkansas.
Impacto da pandemia da Covid-19 na saúde física dos docentes: uma revisão de escopo
Authors: ROCHA SOUSA SÉRGIO HENRIQUE , Osório Fernandes Liana , Gomes Reis Lopes Manoela , Ximenes Andrade Jesusmar , Denis Medeiros Mascarenhas Marcio , Thais Pacheco Rodrigues Malvina 
Published: January 2025

Este estudo objetiva pesquisar na literatura cientifica os impactos na pandemia de Covid-19 à saúde física dos docentes. Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo com busca nas bases de dados eletrônicas Cochrane Central Register of Controlles Trials (COCHRANE), Medical Literature Analysisand Retrievel System Online (MEDLINE), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE) e Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro). Foram selecionados artigos que abordassem a saúde física dos docentes na pandemia da Covid-19, nas línguas português, inglês e espanhol, no período de 2019 a 2022. Foram selecionados 06 artigos. Sendo encontrados agravos físicos nos docentes, tanto avaliados de forma isolada no corpo, como visão e ou fonação, como também apresentados de forma sistêmica demonstrados com aumento das tensões e dores e distúrbios osteomusculares
Peran Servant Leader dalam Pemuridan Kelompok Kecil Mahasiswa Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas XYZ Tangerang [The Role of Servant Leaders in Small Group Discipleship of Students of the Faculty of Education, XYZ University, Tangerang]
Authors: Mumu Billy 
Published: January 2025

Small group is one of the support system to grow together in the community for students of Faculty of Education, XYZ University. The existence of small group leaders is very important in the process of growth of each members through discipleship. In order to achieve this, the role of small group leaders is needed as servant leader. The purpose of this study is to see the role of small group leaders as servant leaders in the small group discipleship process and the efforts made by small group leaders to carry out this role. This study uses a case study model with a qualitative approach. The subject of the study was carried out on 5 small group leaders. The instruments used were interviews, questionnaires, and document studies. The data analysis process uses open, axial, and selective coding. The results of this study found that the role of small group leaders as servant leaders in the small group discipleship process is to bring their members to become a mature Christian and build every person in all their potential. To carry out this role, small group leaders need to build relationships with them, provide themselves to serve, and also sacrifice for their members. ABSTRACT BAHAS INDONESIA: Kelompok kecil merupakan salah satu sarana untuk dapat bertumbuh bersama di dalam komunitas bagi mahasiswa Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas XYZ. Keberadaan pemimpin kelompok kecil menjadi sangat penting di dalam proses pertumbuhan tersebut karena mereka hadir untuk memuridkan setiap anggotanya. Untuk menjalankan hal tersebut maka dibutuhkan peran pemimpin kelompok kecil sebagai servant leader. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat peran pemimpin kelompok kecil sebagai servant leader dalam proses pemuridan kelompok kecil serta usaha yang dilakukan oleh pemimpin kelompok kecil untuk menjalankan perannya tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan model studi kasus dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Subjek penelitian dilakukan terhadap 5 orang pemimpin kelompok kecil. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah wawancara, kuesioner, dan studi dokumen. Proses analisa data menggunakan pengkodean terbuka, aksial, dan selektif. Hasil dari penelitian ini didapati bahwa peran pemimpin kelompok kecil sebagai servant leader dalam proses pemuridan kelompok kecil yaitu untuk membawa anggotanya menjadi dewasa di dalam Kristus dan membangun setiap pribadi yang ada dalam segala potensi yang dimiliki. Untuk menjalankan peran tersebut maka pemimpin kelompok kecil perlu untuk membangun relasi dengan mereka, menyediakan diri untuk melayani, dan juga berkorban bagi anggotanya.
PENDIDIKAN BAHASA DAN SASTRA SEBAGAI PENGARAKTERAN [LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE EDUCATION AS A FORM OF CHARACTERIZATION]
Authors: Purwanto Petrus , Tjahjono Tengsoe 
Published: January 2025

Education is a fundamental endeavour because it changes, determines and constructs human life. Educating is hominization and humanization. Education is not only a transfer of knowledge, but also a means of characterization through the transformation of moral values, manners, and character building. This research aims to describe the characterization in language and literature education with a philosophical approach. The method used is descriptive qualitative with library research and observation. Library sources are books and scientific journals. Observation was carried out by reading news or electronic information and while learning took place in class and outside the classroom. The result of this study shows that characterization can be conducted by analyzing the characterization, values, and meaning of literary texts delivered by reading or listening. After that, students are guided to ponder and answer questions that stimulate students' critical thinking patterns to determine attitudes through the poems presented. As such, the future of the nation is not only determined by the advancement of knowledge and technology, but strategies are needed to immediately realize the education of humans who are intelligent, characterized, civilized, and have good morals according to the philosophy and goals of national education through Language and Literature Education and characterization.ABSTRAK BAHASA INDONESIA: Pendidikan merupakan perbuatan fundamental karena mengubah, menentukan, dan mengonstruksi hidup manusia. Mendidik itu hominisasi dan humanisasi. Pendidikan tidak hanya sebagai transfer pengetahuan, namun menjadi sarana pengarakteran melalui transformasi nilai-nilai moral, budi pekerti, dan pembangunan karakter. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan pengarakteran dalam pendidikan bahasa dan sastra dengan pendekatan filsafat. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan sumber data kepustakaan (library research) dan pengamatan (observasi). Sumber kepustakaan dapat berupa buku- buku dan jurnal ilmiah. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan membaca berita-berita atau informasi elektronik dan saat pembelajaran berlangsung di kelas dan luar kelas. Hasil dalam penelitian ini adalah pengarakteran dapat dilakukan dengan menganalisis penokohan, nilai-nilai, dan makna teks sastra yang disampaikan dengan membaca maupun menyimak. Setelah itu, peserta didik dibimbing untuk merenungkan dan menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang merangsang pola pikir kritis peserta didik untuk menentukan sikap melalui puisi yang dipaparkan. Dengan demikian, maju mundurnya masa depan bangsa tidak hanya ditentukan oleh kemajuan pengetahuan dan teknologi, namun diperlukan strategi untuk segera mewujudkan pendidikan manusia yang cerdas, berkarakter, beradab, dan berakhlak baik sesuai falsafah dan tujuan pendidikan nasional dengan Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra serta pengarakteran.
REPRESENTASI PEREMPUAN DALAM FILM PENDEK REUNIAN KARYA EKA NOVIANDI (KAJIAN SEMIOTIKA CHARLES SANDERS PEIRCE) [REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN IN THE SHORT FILM REUNIAN BY EKA NOVIANDI (A SEMIOTIC STUDY OF CHARLES SANDERS PEIRCE)]
Authors: Purwanto Petrus - , Savitri Agusniar Dian , Tjahjono Tengsoe 
Published: January 2025

The presence and role of women in the film industry is an interesting study to observe. The women in the short film “Reunion” which is shown on YouTube have their own charm, both in speech, body language, body shape, and the way they communicate with each other. This film is dominated by woman, so it is interesting to discuss. This study aims to describe the representation of women in the short film “Reunian” by Eka Noviandi. The research method used is qualitative with Charles Sanders Peirce's semiotic study of the triangle of meaning, namely Sign, Object, and Interpretant. The results of the study obtained 7 characters which are grouped as female representation. The characters are gossipy women, sensitive women, feminist women, contemporary women, phobic women, arrogant women, and gentle/motherly women. ABSTRAK BAHASA INDONESIA: Kehadiran dan peran perempuan dalam industri film menjadi kajian yang menarik untuk dicermati. Para perempuan dalam film pendek "Reuni" yang ditayangkan di YouTube memiliki daya tarik tersendiri, baik dari tutur kata, bahasa tubuh, bentuk tubuh, dan cara mereka berkomunikasi satu sama lain. Film ini didominasi oleh perempuan, sehingga menarik untuk dibahas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan representasi perempuan dalam film pendek "Reunian" karya Eka Noviandi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan kajian semiotika Charles Sanders Peirce mengenai segitiga makna, yaitu Sign, Object, dan Interpretant. Hasil dari penelitian tersebut didapatkan 7 karakter yang dikelompokkan sebagai representasi perempuan. Karakter tersebut adalah perempuan penggosip, perempuan sensitif, perempuan feminis, perempuan kontemporer, perempuan fobia, perempuan sombong, dan perempuan lembut/keibuan.
PENERAPAN PERATURAN DAN KETENTUAN UNTUK MENDISIPLINKAN SISWA KELAS IX PADA PEMBELAJARAN DARING IPS [THE IMPLEMENTATION OF RULES AND REGULATIONS TO DISCIPLINE CLASS IX STUDENTS IN SOCIAL STUDIES ONLINE LEARNING]
Authors: Damanik Inal Gusredi , Prijanto, M.Pd. Jossapat Hendra 
Published: January 2025

Education is the process of developing one's character, knowledge and skills. The Covid-19 outbreak forced learning to be done online. Online learning is a learning process using digital media. It is undeniable that in online learning there is student indiscipline behavior and teachers are required to be able to provide guidance on knowledge and students character. Students are the image and likeness of God whose lives have been corrupted by sinfulness, hence, it is important to be nurtured to lead a life of good values. One of them is by setting rules and regulations for online learning. This research was conducted using descriptive qualitative research method. This essay aims to find out how to implement rules and regulations to be effective in disciplining students in online learning. Christian teachers should educate students based on Biblical values in order for students to be disciplined and get closer to God. Teachers must educate students to obey the rules and regulations, as God also wants people to live obediently according to His Word. Likewise, the implementation of rules and regulations in online learning is expected to help students to behave in an obedient and disciplined manner. ABSTRAK BAHASA INDONESIA: Pendidikan adalah proses pengembangan watak, pengetahuan dan keterampilan seseorang. Wabah Covid-19 memaksa pembelajaran harus dilakukan secara daring. Pembelajaran daring merupakan suatu proses pembelajaran dengan menggunakan media digital. Tidak dipungkiri dalam pembelajaran daring ada saja perilaku ketidakdisiplinan siswa dan guru dituntut untuk dapat memberikan bimbingan pengetahuan juga karakter siswa. Siswa merupakan gambar dan rupa Allah yang hidupnya telah rusak karena keberdosaan, sehingga penting untuk dibina agar menghidupi nilai-nilai yang baik. Salah satu caranya dengan menetapkan peraturan dan ketentuan pada pembelajaran daring. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Penulisan esai ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui cara penerapan peraturan dan ketentuan agar efektif dalam pendisiplinan siswa pada pembelajaran daring. Guru Kristen harus mendidik siswa berdasarkan nilai-nilai Alkitabiah agar siswa dapat menjadi disiplin dan semakin dekat dengan Allah. Guru harus mendidik siswa untuk dapat memiliki sikap taat kepada peraturan dan ketentuan, sebagaimana Allah juga menginginkan manusia untuk hidup taat seturut dengan Firman- Nya. Demikian juga penerapan peraturan dan ketentuan dalam pembelajaran daring diharapkan dapat membantu siswa untuk berperilaku taat dan disiplin.