bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Runnels on Salt Marsh Sediment Dynamics, Vegetation, and Nitrogen Cycling
Authors: Sullivan Hillary L. , Holtzer Julia , Deegan Linda A. , Bowen Jennifer L. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Runnels, a climate adaptation technique that drains surface water to restore marsh vegetation and habitat, are increasingly being used to prevent the formation of shallow water impoundments or pannes in salt marshes that result in the loss of important ecosystem services. However, we know little about the effect of runnels on salt marsh biogeochemistry. This study measured how sediment characteristics and rates of nitrogen cycle processes were altered by impounded water and vegetation loss, and whether runnels can restore these marsh attributes to reference conditions. Impounded areas were 52 ± 4% less vegetated than nearby intact marsh, with 11 ± 2% less organic matter and 24 ± 5% higher bulk density. Additionally, impoundments removed 32 ± 32 µmol N m−2 d−1 less than reference marsh areas via denitrification. At six of the 11 runneled sites, vegetation percent cover increased by 40 ± 5%, accompanied by a 7 ± 3% recovery of organic matter and a 9 ± 6% reduction of bulk density. At sites where vegetation recovered to within 70% of reference plots at a site, runneled plots removed 97 ± 31 µmol more N m−2 d−1 than impoundments, which was also 82 ± 31 µmol more N m−2 d−1 than reference areas. The driver of recovery is related to initial site conditions, including higher redox potentials and lower porewater salinities, compared with sites where revegetation was unsuccessful. The extent of runnel effectiveness and the recovery of vegetation, sediment characteristics, and nitrogen cycle processes was variable among runneled marshes, and the effectiveness of runnels may depend on initial site-specific characteristics and degree of initial degradation.
CircTBCK protects against osteoarthritis by regulating extracellular matrix and autophagy
Authors: Wang Wei , Sun Yuzhe , Tang Peng , Zhang Rui , Jiang Yufeng , Min Hongwei , Gao Chen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a widespread chronic bone and joint disease for which there is currently no effective preventive or therapeutic treatment. Accumulating evidence indicates that circular RNAs (circRNAs), a class of noncoding RNAs, play critical roles in OA. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to reveal an unexplored circTBCK and elucidate its mechanism of action in the pathological process of OA. The different expression of circTBCK was obtained both in vitro and in vivo. In the in vivo model, mice were induced via destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) surgery, while in vitro model, mouse cells like primary chondrocytes of newborn mice and ATDC5 cell line were treated with IL-1β treatment (10 ng/mL for 24 h). The level of circTBCK was examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). After circTBCK was overexpressed or knocked down, IL-1β treatment was performed, and then, chondrocyte viability was detected via a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay at 0, 24, 48, or 72 h. To assess type II collagen (Collagen II) expression, immunofluorescence (IF) analysis was used. The levels of mRNAs and proteins related to proliferation, the extracellular matrix (ECM) and autophagy were determined by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Compared with OA treatment, primary chondrocytes with treatment of both circTBCK overexpression and IL-1βincreased the expression of anabolic factors—Collagen II and SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9), proliferation-related molecules—Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and autophagy-related molecules—Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), B-cell lymphoma 1 (Bcl1), and autophagy-related 5 (Atg5) and decreased Sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1 or P62). In contrast, knockdown of circTBCK aggravated the chondrocyte degeneration induced by IL-1β. Overall, our findings suggest that circTBCK, an unexplored circRNA, could regulate autophagy, proliferation, and the extracellular matrix (ECM) to mitigate the development of OA, suggesting a possible target for OA prevention and therapy.
Recent advances in understanding how compulsivity is related to behavioural addictions over their timecourse
Authors: Solly Jeremy E. , Albertella Lucy , Ioannidis Konstantinos , Fineberg Naomi A. , Grant Jon E. , Chamberlain Samuel R. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose of Review
Behavioural addictions involve loss of control over initially rewarding behaviours, which continue despite adverse consequences. Theoretical models suggest that these patterns of behaviour evolve over time, with compulsive and habitual behaviours held to reflect a loss of behavioural control. Compulsivity can be broadly described as a propensity for (or engagement in) repetitive behaviours that are not aligned with overall goals. Here, we consider whether compulsivity is associated with behavioural addictions at different stages of their development, based on self-report and neurocognitive measures.

Recent Findings
This review found that there is initial evidence that compulsive traits might predispose individuals to engage in problematic behaviours, and that self-report and neurocognitive measures of compulsivity are associated with severity of problematic behaviours even in the early stages of behavioural addictions. In the later stages of behavioural addiction, there is strong evidence for an association of gambling disorder with cognitive inflexibility, but less evidence for an association between compulsivity and other types of behavioural addiction.

Summary
Moving forwards, well-powered longitudinal studies, including studies using ecological momentary assessment (EMA), will be important in robustly developing our understanding of how compulsivity is related to behavioural addictions over their timecourse.
Stakeholders' Perspectives on the Landscape of Peer Support in Swedish Mental Health Services: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Engdahl Patrik , Bejerholm Ulrika , Markström Urban , Gustafsson Anneli , Rosenberg David , Argentzell Elisabeth 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The integration of peer support workers (PSW) into the mental health services workforce has offered additional avenues to strengthen service provision. In Sweden, the availability of peer support workers has grown significantly over the past decade, yet there has been insufficient investigation into their organization and implementation. Consequently, there is a growing need for further research into the current state of peer support within the Swedish context. To examine stakeholders’ perspectives on the current state of peer support within the context of Swedish mental health services. In this qualitative study, a purposeful sampling method was employed in order to recruit 30 stakeholders, including peer support workers (n = 17) within mental health services, county council and municipal officials (n = 8), and representatives from user organizations (n = 5). The informants took part in focus groups or semi-structured individual interviews. The results highlight key factors from stakeholders for advancing peer support, providing PSWs with career paths and skill development, and advocating to top-level authorities. Organizational structures need to support sustainability, with Sweden's user organizations playing a crucial role to mitigate peer drifting. Long-term success relies on secure employment and a clear implementation strategy. The physical work environment shapes peer support implementation and requires clearly defined work roles. Navigating mental health services was viewed as challenging. According to the results, it requires stakeholders to balance perspectives and address feelings of inadequacy among PSWs, underscoring the need to legitimize the PSW profession in mental health care. To ensure genuine progress in the current organization of peer support, this work role must become a foundational aspect of service delivery, rather than merely an add-on, to foster the development of a more recovery-oriented mental health service in Sweden.
A list of eclectic viruses, virus-like diseases and viroids of grapevines that should not be considered for regulatory oversight: a global plea from virologists
Authors: Fuchs Marc , Rwahnih Maher Al , Blouin Arnaud G. , Burger Johan , Chooi Kar Mun , Constable Fiona , Ertunc Filiz , Fiore Nicola , Habili Nuredin , Hily Jean-Michel , Katis Nikolaos , Lemaire Olivier , Maliogka Varvara I. , Maree Hans J. , Minafra Angelantonio , Naidu Rayapati , Pietersen Gerhard , Saldarelli Pasquale , Schmidt Anna-mary , Musić Martina Šeruga , Várallyay Éva 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Grapevine (Vitis spp.) propagation material is profusely exchanged across geographic and regulatory boundaries. Trading germplasm increases the diversity of cultivars and rootstocks with enhanced viticultural attributes but also risks the dissemination of pests and detrimental pathogens such as viruses in new grape production areas. Therefore, regulations are established to facilitate the safe trade of Vitis propagation material with desirable traits. Regrettably regulations are sometimes inadequate. Consequently, the accessibility of desired germplasm for growers might be unduly delayed, providing opportunities to circumvent regulations by illegally introducing germplasm of interest, amidst risking epidemics of viruses of concern, including quarantined agents, and jeopardizing the health of vineyards. To address some of the regulatory limitations, scientists from around the world recently defined phantom agents in fruit crops, including grapevines, and provided a compelling case for their exclusion from regulatory oversight. Simultaneously, a group of virologists realized the need to complement the list of phantom agents in grapevines by considering additional viruses, virus-like diseases and viroids that should not be subject to regulatory oversight. Here, we present a list of nine viruses, 14 virus-like diseases, nine viroids, and 129 presumed viruses of the grapevine, that are not phantom agents but should be excluded from regulation or should not be regulated. Our list is anticipated to assist policy makers adopt regulations that expedite the safe exchange of Vitis germplasm across regulatory boundaries while reducing incentives for illicit introductions.
Agronomic performance and water use efficiency of newly developed wheat populations under drought-stressed and non-stressed conditions
Authors: Mutanda Maltase , Shimelis Hussein , Chaplot Vincent , Shamuyarira Kwame W. , Figlan Sandiswa 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Limited and variable rainfall conditions during flowering and grain filling stages remain the leading cause of poor yields and quality in the major produced crops, including wheat. Cultivating water-use-efficient wheat cultivars will buffer yield stability and environmental plasticity to achieve food security and economic opportunities. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance and water use efficiency (WUE) of newly bred wheat populations under drought-stressed and non-stressed conditions to select drought-tolerant families for genetic advancement and production. Field experiments were conducted in the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons to evaluate 100 genotypes (10 parental lines and 90 families) using a 5 × 20 alpha-lattice design under drought-stressed (DS) and non-stressed (NS) conditions. Controlled experiments were conducted using custom-made plastic mulch under field conditions. The following agronomic traits were recorded: number of days to 50% heading (DTH), number of days to 50% maturity (DTM), plant height (PH), number of productive tillers (TN) per plant, spike length (SL), number of spikelets per spike (SPS), spike weight (SW), grain yield (GY), shoot biomass (SB), root biomass (RB), and total plant biomass (PB). The water use efficiency for grain yield (WUEgy), shoot biomass (WUEsb), root biomass (WUErb) and total plant biomass (WUEpb) were calculated. Eight drought tolerance indices were computed based on grain yield response under DS and NS conditions. Significant (p < 0.05) genetic variations were recorded for agronomic traits and WUE variables. The mean grain yield value of the F3 families was higher by 29.42% and WUE by 25.00% than the parental lines under DS conditions. Among the F3 wheat populations, the WUEgy ranged from 0.05 g mm−1 (LM47 X LM70) to 0.21 g mm−1 (BW141 X LM71) under DS conditions, whilst the WUEgy for the parental lines ranged from 0.08 (BW162) to 0.18 (LM48) under DS. Twenty one percent of the wheat populations had greater drought indices than parental lines. Families, BW141 X LM71, LM71 X BW162, BW140 X LM70, BW162 X BW140, BW141 X LM26, BW162 X LM71, BW152 X LM71, LM70 X BW141, LM75 X LM47 and LM70 X BW140 were selected for their high grain yield production and high WUEgy under DS conditions. These genotypes are recommended for further selection and deployment as new cultivars in South Africa or other water-limited agro-ecologies.
Machine learning with sub-diffraction resolution in the photon-counting regime
Authors: Buonaiuto Giuseppe , Lupo Cosmo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The resolution of optical imaging is classically limited by the width of the point-spread function, which in turn is determined by the Rayleigh length. Recently, spatial-mode demultiplexing (SPADE) has been proposed as a method to achieve sub-Rayleigh estimation and discrimination of natural, incoherent sources. Here, we show that SPADE yields sub-diffraction resolution in the broader context of image classification. To achieve this goal, we outline a hybrid machine learning algorithm for image classification that includes a physical part and a computational part. The physical part implements a physical pre-processing of the optical field that cannot be simulated without essentially reducing the signal-to-noise ratio. In detail, a spatial-mode demultiplexer is used to sort the transverse field, followed by mode-wise photon detection. In the computational part, the collected data are fed into an artificial neural network for training and classification. As a case study, we classify images from the MNIST dataset after severe blurring due to diffraction. Our numerical experiments demonstrate the ability to classify highly blurred images that would be otherwise indistinguishable by direct imaging without the physical pre-processing of the optical field.
Linguistic statistical universals: comparing computer- and human-generated texts
Authors: Civico Marco 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper aims at testing the ability of artificial text samples generated by transformers of replicating the writing style of various authors across different languages. We fine-tune GPT-2-based models with corpora from Jane Austen (English), Jules Verne (French) and Giovanni Verga (Italian). Then we analyse the samples in terms of (i) lexical distribution; (ii) long term correlations; and (iii) entropy. As a benchmark, we use text samples generated as Markov chains of different orders trained on the corpora of the same authors. Our results show that transformers represent a great improvement in terms of capturing long range correlations and entropy reduction, although the same cannot be said about lexical distribution.
Magnetic-resonance-induced non-linear current response in magnetic Weyl semimetals
Authors: Mei Ruobing , Liu Chao-Xing 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this work, we propose a geometric non-linear current response induced by magnetic resonance in magnetic Weyl semimetals. This phenomenon is in analog to the quantized circular photogalvanic effect (de Juan et al., Nat. Commun. 8:15995, 2017) previously proposed for Weyl semimetal phases of chiral crystals. However, the non-linear current response in our case can occur in magnetic Weyl semimetals where time-reversal symmetry, instead of inversion symmetry, is broken. The occurrence of this phenomenon relies on the special coupling between Weyl electrons and magnetic fluctuations induced by magnetic resonance. To further support our analytical solution, we perform numerical studies on a model Hamiltonian describing the Weyl semimetal phase in a topological insulator system with ferromagnetism.
Performance of the P-alert real-time shakemaps system and onsite warning during the 2025 ML6.4 Dapu earthquake
Authors: Wu Yih-Min , Lin Yueh-Ho , Yang Benjamin Ming , Ke Siao-Syun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
On January 20, 2025, the ML6.4 Dapu earthquake struck southwestern Taiwan, causing intense shaking in Chiayi County and Tainan City. The P-Alert real-time shakemaps system generated detailed shakemaps just 36 s after the earthquake occurred. The areas of strongest shaking were primarily located to the southwest of the epicenter, which corresponds with the observed damage distribution. Based on the epicenter location, the distribution of shaking, and the distribution of aftershocks, it is likely that the rupture propagated southwestward from its initiation point. For this event, the Central Weather Administration (CWA) issued the first report 7.9 s after the earthquake occurred. Considering the average signal transmission delay of approximately 5 s in the Public Warning System (PWS), most individual P-Alert devices located within 30 km of the epicenter provided onsite warnings earlier than the CWA’s regional warning. These observations underscore the effectiveness of the P-Alert system in providing onsite warnings, as well as its significant advantages in disaster response.
Repetitive acceptance sampling plan based on truncated life test for type-I half-logistic Burr X distributions
Authors: Kiapour A. , Tripathi Harsh , Masoumi Shiba 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this manuscript, we developed a repetitive acceptance sampling inspection plan

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(
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A
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for type-I half-logistic Burr X (

$$ TIHLBX$$

TIHLBX

) distribution based on time truncated scheme. Discussion over the

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distribution is provided with their important mathematical properties along with the expression of quantile function and median. Operational procedure of RASP is discussed in detail with the formulation of optimization problem of proposed plan. Two point approach is used to determine the plan parameters of suggested plan for TIHLBX. The suggested test strategies significantly reduce the inspection effort with respect to the best single sampling plans. A new strategy of RASP is conducted based on weighted average of risks. The results show that the proposed optimal plans outperform traditional two-point sampling plan. Hypothetical example is provided to illustrate the presented tables. A real life example is considered to explain the application of proposed

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.
Plume divergence characterization for electric propulsion via standard deviation and emittance
Authors: Breddan McKenna J. D. , Wirz Richard E. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Electric propulsion systems require careful consideration of plume divergence and evolution over a range of operating conditions and environments. Existing means of describing plume divergence such as outlines, plume profiles, and snapshots of the plume are dominated by outlier particles and do not provide reliable or quantitative insight. Proposed herein are two novel methods for describing plume divergence using standard deviation and emittance to provide quantitative insight of the collective behavior of plume species. Furthermore, the emittance metric from the particle accelerator community is shown to accurately describe plume evolution in a two-dimensional position and momentum angle space. Cross-sectional emittance measurements are used to display the presence of non-Hamiltonian forces in plume evolution, namely stochastic Coulomb collisions between neighboring particles. Finally, full-plume emittance diagrams are demonstrated as a means of identifying when an electric propulsion plume has reached steady state.
Application of erodibility nomograph from universal soil loss equation in the assessment of soil erosion in two agroecological zones
Authors: Akpa Enya A. , Okon Paul B. , Abam Prince O. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper exhibits application of erodibility nomograph from Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) in the assessment of soil erosion in two agroecological zones. Seventeen composite soil samples were collected from sites showing active erosion menace at the plough depth of 0–30 cm with the use of soil auger by random sampling method and analyzed using routine laboratory procedures. Results showed that the soil texture was dominated by sandy loam in the central and loamy sand textures in the northern agroecological zones. After all requisite parameters were obtained, the erodibility nomograph used for assessment of the soils’ erodibility, K, values showed low to medium (0.10–0.40 Mg ha−1 MJ mm−1) with mean of 0.21 Mg ha−1 MJ mm−1 in the central and medium (0.1–0.8 Mg ha−1 MJ mm−1) with mean of 0.22 Mg ha−1 MJ mm−1 in the northern agroecological zones. Statistically, the results indicated high coefficient of variability (CV); the CV ranged from 52 to 118% in both zones. The low to medium status of soils erodibility in the central and the medium status of soils erodibility in the northern suggests how vulnerable the soils are prone to erosion triggered by agents of erosion which cause easy detachment of the soil’s particles. The multiple correlation analysis performed on the soils data to uncover which soil properties are significantly correlated with the soil erodibility parameters in the zones showed same statistically significant parameters with those in the nomograph. It was therefore concluded that, the nomograph is still valid tool in assessment of soil erosion even in tropical areas such as central and northern Cross River State, Nigeria. Soil conservation measures such as contouring, mulching and cover cropping were recommended to be adopted by stakeholders to combat the accelerating soil erodibility in the area.
Exploring the Role of Social Support in Postpartum Well-Being with a Psychometric Approach
Authors: Lochmannová Alena , Martin Colin R. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Czech version of the Social Support Survey Instrument (CZ-SSSI) was developed and validated to assess social support among postpartum women, a crucial factor in mitigating mental health challenges during the perinatal period. This cross-sectional study recruited 486 Czech postpartum women via online platforms focused on motherhood and childcare. The CZ-SSSI was translated using a forward and backward method, with psychometric validation conducted through confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency testing (Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s Omega), and validity assessments using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). The results demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha > 0.9 across subscales), confirming the robustness of the four-factor model. Convergent validity was established through significant correlations with mental health measures, and the instrument effectively distinguished between groups with differing levels of depression and infant health status. The CZ-SSSI is a reliable and valid tool for assessing postpartum social support, with potential applications in both clinical assessment and perinatal mental health research. By providing a standardized measure, this instrument can contribute to a better understanding of the role of social support in postpartum well-being and inform targeted interventions to support maternal mental health.