bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new maleimide‐bound acid‐cleavable solid‐support reagent for profiling phosphorylation
Authors: Chowdhury Saiful M. , Munske Gerhard R. , Siems William F. , Bruce James E. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA new chemical strategy for phosphopeptide profiling is reported in this study. Phosphorylation represents one of the most important classes of posttranslational modifications of proteins. Here we report a generalized strategy that employs solid‐phase capture and mass‐encoding steps to selectively enrich phosphopeptides from complex mixtures. This method exploits conversion of phosphates into thiols and reactive compounds to selectively isolate products of phosphorylation. Selective isolation of phosphopeptides is achieved with a simple, novel, acid‐cleavable, solid‐support‐bound maleimide reagent. Our chemistry efforts have focused on minimization of linker size and simplification of reagent production with incorporation of common solid‐phase peptide synthesis steps. Relative quantitation was demonstrated by modifying phosphopeptides with incorporation of ethanedithiol and propanedithiol. We observed that appropriate normalization is necessary to utilize mass tag strategies for relative quantitation of posttranslational modifications. The utility of solid‐phase capture was determined with model phosphopeptides, and the method was demonstrated with enriching phosphopeptides from β‐casein, α‐casein and ovalbumin. The solid‐phase capture and release methods were also demonstrated with unfractionated whole histone protein mixtures to show this compound applicability in real biological samples. The new chemical strategy will ultimately be utilized for high‐throughput profiling of phosphorylation and possibly other posttranslational modifications. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pentaiodide komplexer Alkalimetall‐Kronenether‐Kationen: Darstellung und strukturelle Charakterisierung der Verbindungen [M(Benzo‐15‐Krone‐5)2]I5 mit M = Na, K, Rb, Cs
Authors: Pantenburg Ingo , Müller Ingrid , Tebbe Karl‐Friedrich 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPentaiodides of Complex Alkaline Metal Crown Ether Cations: Synthesis and Structural Characterisation of the Compounds [M(benzo‐15‐crown‐5)2]I5, M = Na, K, Rb and CsThe isotypic compounds [M(benzo‐15‐crown‐5)2]I5, M = Na, K, Rb and Cs are obtained as single crystals via the reaction of benzo‐15‐crown‐5, MI and iodine (2 : 1 : 2) from ethanol/dichloromethane (1 : 1). These compounds crystallize in the monoclinic space group P21/n with four formula units in the unit cell. The cations form typical sandwich complexes. The volume of the unit cell increases by 4, 3 % from the sodium to the caesium compound, corresponding to the increasing space required by the cations. The pentaiodide units consist of a elongated triiodide unit and two iodine half‐molecules. These iodine molecules are completed by centres of symmetry. The interconnection between the pentaiodide units leads to the formation of zig‐zag chains that run along [001]. Considering the strongly different ionic radii of the alkali‐metal cations, the existence of this number of isotypic structures is rather surprising.
Mechanisms of inverse agonist action at D2 dopamine receptors
Authors: Roberts David J , Strange Philip G 
Published: February 2005

Mechanisms of inverse agonist action at the D2(short) dopamine receptor have been examined.
Discrimination of G‐protein‐coupled and ‐uncoupled forms of the receptor by inverse agonists was examined in competition ligand‐binding studies versus the agonist [3H]NPA at a concentration labelling both G‐protein‐coupled and ‐uncoupled receptors.
Competition of inverse agonists versus [3H]NPA gave data that were fitted best by a two‐binding site model in the absence of GTP but by a one‐binding site model in the presence of GTP. Ki values were derived from the competition data for binding of the inverse agonists to G‐protein‐uncoupled and ‐coupled receptors. Kcoupled and Kuncoupled were statistically different for the set of compounds tested (ANOVA) but the individual values were different in a post hoc test only for (+)‐butaclamol.
These observations were supported by simulations of these competition experiments according to the extended ternary complex model.
Inverse agonist efficacy of the ligands was assessed from their ability to reduce agonist‐independent [35S]GTPγS binding to varying degrees in concentration–response curves. Inverse agonism by (+)‐butaclamol and spiperone occurred at higher potency when GDP was added to assays, whereas the potency of (−)‐sulpiride was unaffected.
These data show that some inverse agonists ((+)‐butaclamol, spiperone) achieve inverse agonism by stabilising the uncoupled form of the receptor at the expense of the coupled form. For other compounds tested, we were unable to define the mechanism.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2005) 145, 34–42. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706073
Purinergic modulation of cardiovascular function in the rat locus coeruleus
Authors: Yao Song T , Lawrence Andrew J 
Published: February 2005

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether purines exerted a physiological role in central cardiovascular modulation at the level of the locus coeruleus (LC).
In pentobarbitone‐anaesthetised Wistar–Kyoto rats, unilateral microinjection of ATP or α,β‐methyleneATP into the LC elicited dose‐related decreases in blood pressure and heart rate. Unilateral microinjection of the P2 purinoceptor antagonists suramin and PPADS, caused pressor and tachycardic responses. Administration of the selective P2X1 receptor antagonist NF‐279 had no effect. While both ATP and L‐glutamate (L‐GLU) resulted in depressor responses after intra‐LC microinjection, following intra‐LC microinjection of P2 purinoceptor antagonists into the LC, the effects of subsequent administration of either ATP or L‐GLU were functionally reversed, such that a pressor response ensued.
Microinjection of noradrenaline into the LC caused an increase in blood pressure and heart rate; however, the α2‐adrenoceptor antagonist idazoxan had no cardiovascular effects, but did prevent the pressor response to PPADS or suramin. In addition, coinjection of idazoxan with either suramin or PPADS abolished the ATP and L‐GLU mediated pressor responses observed following either suramin or PPADS administration.
The present data suggest that firstly, purines are capable of acting within the LC to ultimately modulate the cardiovascular system and secondly, that there is apparently a functional interaction between tonically active purinergic and noradrenergic systems within the LC of the rat.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2005) 145, 342–352. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706179
Spatio‐visual memory of children with specific language impairment: evidence for generalized processing problems
Authors: Bavin Edith L. , Wilson Peter H. , Maruff Paul , Sleeman Felicity 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBackground: Children with Specific language Impairment (SLI) have problems with verbal memory, particularly with tasks that have more processing demands. They also have slower speeds of responding for some tasks.Aims: To identify the extent to which young children with SLI would differ in performance from age‐matched non‐impaired children on a set of spatio‐visual memory tasks. It was predicted that if memory limitations of children with SLI extend beyond the verbal domain to other domains, their performance would be significantly poorer on the spatio‐visual tasks than that of the comparison group. It was also predicted that they would be slower in responding.Methods & Procedures: Six spatio‐visual tasks were used to compare the performance of 21 children with SLI, with a mean age of 54.1 months, and 21 age‐matched non‐impaired children. The tasks ranged in difficulty from simple recall to a search‐based working memory task. All tasks were administered though a laptop computer and responses were non‐verbal using a touch screen.Outcomes & Results: The children with SLI were not significantly slower than the comparison group. However, they were significantly less accurate than the comparison group in recalling patterns, but not in recalling locations. The accuracy for both groups was lower on spatial recall than on pattern recall. The children with SLI were also significantly less able to learn to associate a particular pattern with a particular location, and to have a shorter spatial span. However, on a spatial search task testing working memory, the groups did not differ significantly.Conclusions: The results indicate that the memory limitations of children with SLI are not restricted to verbal memory, and this fact has implications for its aetiology. Intervention programmes for young children with SLI need to extend beyond language in order to help them develop strategies for processing information in different situations.
Binding of Anti‐HIV Drugs to Human Serum Albumin
Authors: Bocedi Alessio , Notaril Stefania , Narciso Pasquale , Bolli Alessandro , Fasano Mauro , Ascenzi Paolo 
Published: February 2005

AbstractHuman serum albumin (HSA), the most prominent protein in plasma, is best known for its exceptional ligand (i.e., drug) binding capacity. Here, values of the dissociation equilibrium constant (Kd) for the binding of HIV protease and reverse transcriptase inhibitors to HSA are reported. The binding of abacavir, atazanavir, didanosine, efavirenz, emtricitabine, lamivudine, nelfinavir, nevirapine, ritonavir, saquinavir, stavudine, zalcitabine, and zidovudine to the Sudlow site I (i.e., the warfarin cleft) located in the subdomain IIA involves the alteration of the HSA structure around Trp214 and induces intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence quenching. Accordingly, ibuprofen that primarily binds to the Sudlow site II located in the subdomain IIIA does not affect the HSA intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence and the binding of anti‐HIV drugs to the Sudlow site I. Accounting for the physiological concentration of HSA (= 7.0 × 10‐4 M), the average anti‐HIV drug concentration in plasma (= 1.0 × 10‐4 M), and Kd values for the binding of anti‐HIV drugs to HSA (ranging between 4.4 × 10‐5 M and 3.8 × 10‐4 M), it appears that the fraction of HIV protease and reverse transcriptase inhibitors bound to HSA ranges between 63% and 91%. This represents a significant drawback in the anti‐HIV therapy and management, the anti‐HIV drug concentration required to achieve 90% protease and reverse transcriptase inhibition in the presence of plasma proteins appears to be at least one order of magnitude higher than that required in their absence.
IUBMB Life, 56: 609‐614, 2004
HIV Protease Inhibitors‐induced Atherosclerosis: Prevention by α‐Tocopherol
Authors: Munteanu Adelina , Ricciarelli Roberta , Zingg Jean‐Marc 
Published: February 2005

AbstractProlonged treatments with inhibitors of human immunodeficiency (HIV)‐encoded protease (ARPI) have been reported to induce early atherosclerotic events. Our in vitro study indicates that α‐tocopherol may prevent drug‐induced premature atherosclerosis since it interferes with CD36 scavenger receptor over‐expression induced by ritonavir in monocytes. The mechanism of CD36 upregulation by ritonavir involves inhibition of the ubiquitin‐proteasome system and α‐tocopherol is able to normalize proteasome activity. These findings suggest that ARPI combined with early α‐tocopherol supplementation may decrease the drug‐induced atherosclerotic risk.
IUBMB Life, 56: 629‐631, 2004
Smoothness of equisingular families of curves
Authors: Keilen Thomas 
Published: February 2005

Francesco Severi (1921) showed that equisingular families of plane nodal curves are T-smooth, i.e. smooth of the expected dimension, whenever they are non-empty. For families with more complicated singularities this is no longer true. Given a divisor

D
D

on a smooth projective surface

Σ
\Sigma

it thus makes sense to look for conditions which ensure that the family

V

|

D

|

i
r
r

(

S

1

,
…
,

S

r

)

V_{|D|}^{irr}\big (\mathcal {S}_1,\ldots ,\mathcal {S}_r\big )

of irreducible curves in the linear system

|

D

|

l

|D|_l

with precisely

r
r

singular points of types

S

1

,
…
,

S

r

\mathcal {S}_1,\ldots ,\mathcal {S}_r

is T-smooth. Considering different surfaces including the projective plane, general surfaces in

P

C

3

\mathbb {P}_{\mathbb {C}}^3

, products of curves and geometrically ruled surfaces, we produce a sufficient condition of the type
\[

∑

i
=
1

r

γ
α

(

S

i

)
>
γ
⋅
(
D
−

K
Σ

)
2

,

\sum \limits _{i=1}^r\gamma _\alpha (\mathcal {S}_i) > \gamma \cdot (D- K_\Sigma )^2,

\]
where

γ
α

\gamma _\alpha

is some invariant of the singularity type and

γ
\gamma

is some constant. This generalises the results of Greuel, Lossen, and Shustin (2001) for the plane case, combining their methods and the method of Bogomolov instability. For many singularity types the

γ
α

\gamma _\alpha

-invariant leads to essentially better conditions than the invariants used by Greuel, Lossen, and Shustin (1997), and for most classes of geometrically ruled surfaces our results are the first known for T-smoothness at all.
Some considerations on the interpretation of seabed images based on commercial 3D seismic in the Faroe‐Shetland Channel
Authors: Bulat J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractCommercial three‐dimensional (3D) seismic surveys now cover much of the continental slope and basin floor areas of the Faroe‐Shetland Channel. A mosaic of the seabed picks derived from these data sets and enhancement with visualisation techniques has resulted in detailed relief images of the seabed that testify to the action of a number of sedimentary processes such as glaciation, downslope and alongslope processes. The wealth of detail in these images is remarkable and extremely valuable for the identification and interpretation of seabed features. However, the level of detail can seduce the interpreter into treating the image purely as an aerial photograph. The interpreter needs to understand the limitations and artefacts inherent in such images to use them appropriately. This paper will present the major artefacts observed in the images and how certain aspects of 3D seismic survey acquisition and processing have contributed to their presence. The vertical and horizontal resolution of the images will also be discussed. Although primarily focused on seabed imagery these comments are equally pertinent to the application of 3D seismic surveys for shallower objectives than for which they were primarily designed.
Fluid flow impact on slope failure from 3D seismic data: a case study in the Storegga Slide
Authors: Bünz Stefan , Mienert Jürgen , Bryn Petter , Berg Kjell 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAnalysis of three‐dimensional (3D) seismic data from the headwall area of the Storegga Slide on the mid‐Norwegian margin provides new insights into buried mass movements and their failure mechanisms. These mass movements are located above the Ormen Lange dome, a Tertiary dome structure, which hosts a large gas reservoir. Slope instabilities occurred as early as the start of the Plio‐Pleistocene glacial–interglacial cycles. The 3D seismic data provide geophysical evidence for gas that leaks from the reservoir and migrates upward into the shallow geosphere. Sediments with increased gas content might have liquefied during mobilization of the sliding and show different flow mechanisms than sediments containing less gas. In areas where there is no evidence for gas, the sediments remained intact. This stability is inherited by overlying strata. The distribution of gas in the shallow subsurface (<600 m) may explain the shape of the lower Storegga headwall in the Ormen Lange area.
Pressure ulcers: implementation of evidence‐based nursing practice
Authors: Clarke Heather F. , Bradley Chris , Whytock Sandra , Handfield Shannon , Van Der Wal Rena , Gundry Sharon 
Published: February 2005

Aims.  A 2‐year project was carried out to evaluate the use of multi‐component, computer‐assisted strategies for implementing clinical practice guidelines. This paper describes the implementation of the project and lessons learned. The evaluation and outcomes of implementing clinical practice guidelines to prevent and treat pressure ulcers will be reported in a separate paper.Background.  The prevalence and incidence rates of pressure ulcers, coupled with the cost of treatment, constitute a substantial burden for our health care system. It is estimated that treating a pressure ulcer can increase nursing time up to 50%, and that treatment costs per ulcer can range from US$10,000 to $86,000, with median costs of $27,000. Although evidence‐based guidelines for prevention and optimum treatment of pressure ulcers have been developed, there is little empirical evidence about the effectiveness of implementation strategies.Method.  The study was conducted across the continuum of care (primary, secondary and tertiary) in a Canadian urban Health Region involving seven health care organizations (acute, home and extended care). Trained surveyors (Registered Nurses) determined the prevalence and incidence of pressure ulcers among patients in these organizations. The use of a computerized decision‐support system assisted staff to select optimal, evidence‐based care strategies, record information and analyse individual and aggregate data.Results.  Evaluation indicated an increase in knowledge relating to pressure ulcer prevention, treatment strategies, resources required, and the role of the interdisciplinary team. Lack of visible senior nurse leadership; time required to acquire computer skills and to implement new guidelines; and difficulties with the computer system were identified as barriers.Conclusions.  There is a need for a comprehensive, supported and sustained approach to implementation of evidence‐based practice for pressure ulcer prevention and treatment, greater understanding of organization‐specific barriers, and mechanisms for addressing the barriers.
Connections between the lacrimal gland and sensory trigeminal neurons: a WGA/HRP study in the cynomolgous monkey
Authors: Baljet Bob , VanderWerf Frans 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe sensory innervation of the lacrimal gland (LG) in the cynomolgous monkey was studied using the retrograde wheat germ agglutinin/horsereadish peroxidase (WGA/HRP) tracer technique. A small solidified piece of WGA/HRP was implanted in the LG. Labelled sensory first‐order neurons were found in the ipsilateral trigeminal ganglion (TG) and in the ipsilateral mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (MTN). The distribution of labelled TG neurons was restricted to ophthalmic and maxillary ganglionic parts. Sensory innervation of LG by primary afferents is not only restricted to TG; an MTN involvement has also been found. This may imply that there is a central sensory role in the production and release of tears.
Tear‐film lipid layer morphology and corneal sensation in the development of blinking in neonates and infants
Authors: Lawrenson John G. , Birhah Rosalind , Murphy Paul J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe aim of the study was to evaluate the role of lipid layer thickness and corneal sensation in the development of blinking in neonates. The study group comprised sixty‐four neonates and infants (mean age 27.5 ± 15 (sd) weeks, range 3.4–52) whose mothers were attending a general practice healthy baby clinic. Spontaneous eye‐blink activity was determined from digital videographic recordings; tear film lipid layer morphology wasexamined using interference patterns produced by the Keeler Tearscope™ Plus over a five‐point grading scale (higher grades are associated with thick and stable lipid films); corneal sensation threshold was assessed with the Non‐Contact Corneal Aesthesiometer (NCCA), using the eye‐blink response as an objective indication that the cooling stimulus had been felt; palpebral aperture dimensions were measured using calibrated digital still images of the eye in the primary position. The overall mean spontaneous blink‐rate was found to be 3.6 (± 0.3) blinks min−1, and the mean interblink time was 21.6 (± 2.8) s. The lowest blink‐rates were observed in the 0–17‐week age group (average 2 blinks min−1). The blink‐rate showed a highly significant correlation with age (r = 0.46, P < 0.01). The overall mean lipid layer grading was 3.6 (± 0.2 SE) arbitrary units. Higher grades were found in the newborn and the mean grading score reduced with age (P < 0.01). The mean sensation threshold to blink (TTB) was 0.69 (0.04 SE) mbar, which did not differ from a control group of older subjects (P > 0.05). There was a rapid increase in palpebral aperture length and width from birth to 1 year old, with surface area increasing by 50% over the same period. We concluded that the low rate of spontaneous eye blink activity in neonates is associated with a thick stable lipid layer that may be a function of a small palpebral aperture. Furthermore, neonates appear to have the capacity to detect ocular surface cooling, which is a major trigger for spontaneous blinking.
Innervation of the porcine ciliary muscle and outflow region
Authors: May Christian Albrecht , Skorski Liliana Maria , Lütjen‐Drecoll Elke 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe porcine eye serves as a model to study various functions of the aqueous outflow system. To compare these data with the primate eye, a detailed investigation of the distribution of contractile properties and of the innervation of the outflow region was conducted in the porcine eye. In all quadrants of the anterior eye segment, elastic fibres connected the ciliary muscle (CM) with the well‐developed scleral spur (ScS) and also partly with the corneoscleral trabecular meshwork (TM) and the loops of the collecting outflow channels. Immunohistochemistry with antibodies against smooth muscle α‐actin revealed intense staining of the CM and some myofibroblasts in the ScS and outer TM. In addition to a few cholinergic and aminergic nerve fibres in the outflow region, numerous substance P‐ and calcitonin‐gene related peptide‐positive nerve fibres and nerve endings were found near the outflow loops of the porcine TM. Although the porcine CM serves rather as a tensor choroideae muscle than as a muscle for accommodation, the innervation and morphology of the collecting outflow channel loops and of the expanded TM between the ScS and the cornea showed close similarities to the primate eye.
The human choriocapillaris: evidence for an intrinsic regulation of the endothelium?
Authors: Cavallotti Carlo , Corrado Balacco Gabrieli , Feher Janos 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to describe the ultrastructure of particular cells observed in the microvascular bed of the healthy human choroid, in close relation to the wall of the microvessels and resembling the periadventitial cells of other vascular areas of the human body. Serial sections of 12 fresh human eyes were studied by transmission electron microscopy. In all the eyes, the sections were obtained by cutting from the same zones (inner and outer choroid at the posterior pole of the eye). Standard techniques were used for transmission electron microscopy. Round cell bodies were found in the inner choroid at the posterior pole of the eye, mainly located in the intercapillary connective tissue. The cells were composed of an electron‐transparent cytoplasm containing a few small mitochondria, and a dilated smooth surface of endoplasmic reticulum, at some points continuous with the nuclear membrane. These cells showed processes forming contact with the capillary wall. Some of these processes extended to the elastic layer of Bruch's membrane, but none had contact with the retinal pigment epithelium. A thin basement membrane surrounded both the cell bodies and processes. We believe that these cells are special cells resembling some type of periendothelial cells also localized in other microvascular districts of the human body. The close topographic correlation with the endothelial cells seems to indicate that these special cells play a role in the intrinsic control of proper endothelial functions.