bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of a Cyclone Dimensions on Quality of Syngas Produced with a Wood-fired Biomass Gasifier
Authors: Fidele Nzihou Jean , Salou Hamidou , Gerard Segda Bila , Frederic Ouattara , Hamidou Compaore 
Published: October 2023

Charcoal gasification was widely used during the second World War to deal with petroleum scarcity. When petroleum was again available after the war, gasification was neglected afterwards. However, fossils resources are know as non-renewable and there are several reseach carried out all over the world to develop renewable sources of energy. Under that scope gasifiers are of great interest in the developing countries for developing individual or decentralised sources of energy. Even in developed countries, several research and implementation of gasification units are in progress.
In a previous work, we designed and fabricated a downdraft biomass gasifier with a relatively big cyclone and filtration units. Produced syngas was full of moisture and carbon dioxyde (CO2) when the gasifier was feed with wood, but moisture content was lesser with charcoal. Therefore further work should be carried out in order to use low density wood itself from agricultural, furniture makers or sawmill wastes.
We compared different cyclone separator design methods, adopted the Lapple’s cutt of model and found that to obtain good removal efficiency of unwanted particles, it is better to work with small cyclones. The new cyclone that we built allowed us on the one hand to reduce the humidity of the synthesis gas obtained, and on the other hand to reduce the quantity of tars in the liquid collected at the bottom of the cyclone. These improvements have led to the production of cleaner and better fuel syngas.
Aligning US Agency Policies for Cardiovascular Devices Through the Breakthrough Devices Program
Authors: Moneer Osman , Rathi Vinay K. , Johnston James L. , Ross Joseph S. , Dhruva Sanket S. 
Published: October 2023

ImportanceThe US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Centers for Medicare &amp;amp; Medicaid Services (CMS) have different statutory authorities; FDA evaluates safety and effectiveness for market authorization of medical devices while CMS determines whether coverage is “reasonable and necessary” for its beneficiaries. CMS has recently enacted policies automatically providing supplemental reimbursement for new, costly devices authorized after designation in FDA’s Breakthrough Devices Program (BDP) and in June 2023 issued notice for a new Transitional Coverage for Emerging Technologies pathway, accelerating coverage for Breakthrough devices.ObservationsAiming to incentivize innovation, FDA awards Breakthrough designations early in device development to expedite market authorization and can accept greater uncertainty in benefit and risk, contingent on postmarket evidence generation. Since 2020, Breakthrough designation has effectively automatically qualified devices to receive supplemental Medicare reimbursement after CMS waived a long-standing requirement that devices demonstrate “substantial clinical improvement” for beneficiaries. Using publicly available information, 3 examples of cardiovascular devices illustrate that the BDP may allow for FDA authorization based on less rigorous evidence, such as single-arm trials focused on surrogate end points with short-term follow-up whose participants are often not representative of Medicare beneficiaries. In 1 case, Breakthrough designation allowed a 30% decrease in enrollment of a trial used to support approval. Initial positive findings for some devices have remained unverified, and in 1 case even partially nullified, by postmarket studies. Manufacturers have also used Breakthrough designations to set the price of devices to facilitate additional pass-through payments, leading to higher short-term and long-term costs to CMS and health care systems.Conclusions and RelevanceThe BDP may qualify new, costly devices for higher and automatic Medicare reimbursement despite evidence not being representative of CMS beneficiaries and persistent uncertainty of benefit and risk. To ensure the best evidence is generated to inform clinical care, FDA could apply more selectivity to BDP eligibility, specify objective criteria for revoking Breakthrough designation when appropriate, and ensure timely postmarket evidence generation, whereas CMS could independently review clinical evidence, advise manufacturers about standards for coverage review, and make supplemental payments and long-term device reimbursement contingent on clinical outcome benefit and postmarket evidence generation.
Age, Body Mass Index, Tumor Subtype, and Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Breast Cancer Survival
Authors: Lipsyc-Sharf Marla , Ballman Karla V. , Campbell Jordan D. , Muss Hyman B. , Perez Edith A. , Shulman Lawrence N. , Carey Lisa A. , Partridge Ann H. , Warner Erica T. 
Published: October 2023

ImportanceBlack women in the United States have higher breast cancer (BC) mortality rates than White women. The combined role of multiple factors, including body mass index (BMI), age, and tumor subtype, remains unclear.ObjectiveTo assess the association of race and ethnicity with survival among clinical trial participants with early-stage BC (eBC) according to tumor subtype, age, and BMI.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study analyzed survival data, as of November 12, 2021, from participants enrolled between 1997 and 2010 in 4 randomized adjuvant chemotherapy trials: Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) 9741, 49907, and 40101 as well as North Central Cancer Treatment Group (NCCTG) N9831, legacy groups of the Alliance of Clinical Trials in Oncology. Median follow-up was 9.8 years.ExposuresNon-Hispanic Black and Hispanic participants were compared with non-Hispanic White participants within subgroups of subtype (hormone receptor positive [HR+]/ERBB2[formerlyHER2] negative [ERBB2−],ERBB2+, and HR−/ERBB2−), age (&amp;lt;50, 50 to &amp;lt;65, and ≥65 years), and BMI (&amp;lt;18.5, 18.5 to &amp;lt;25.0, 25.0 to &amp;lt;30.0, and ≥30.0).Main Outcomes and MeasuresRecurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS).ResultsOf 9479 participants, 436 (4.4%) were Hispanic, 871 (8.8%) non-Hispanic Black, and 7889 (79.5%) non-Hispanic White. The median (range) age was 52 (19.0-89.7) years. Among participants with HR+/ERBB2− tumors, non-Hispanic Black individuals had worse RFS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.49; 95% CI, 1.04-2.12; 5-year RFS, 88.5% vs 93.2%) than non-Hispanic White individuals, although the global test for association of race and ethnicity with RFS was not significant within any tumor subtype. There were no OS differences by race and ethnicity in any subtype. Race and ethnicity were associated with OS in young participants (age &amp;lt;50 years; globalP = .008); young non-Hispanic Black participants (HR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.04-1.71; 5-year OS, 86.6% vs 92.0%) and Hispanic participants (HR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.16-2.29; 5-year OS, 86.2% vs 92.0%) had worse OS than young non-Hispanic White participants. Race and ethnicity were associated with RFS in participants with BMIs of 25 to less than 30, with Hispanic participants having worse RFS (HR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.23-2.68; 5-year RFS, 83.2% vs 87.3%) than non-Hispanic White participants.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, racial and ethnic survival disparities were identified in patients with eBC receiving standardized initial care, and potentially at-risk subgroups, for whom focused interventions may improve outcomes, were found.
“Self‐care selfies”: Patient‐uploaded videos capture meaningful changes in dexterity over 6 months
Authors: Gopal Arpita , Torres Wilson O. , Winawer Ilana , Poole Shane , Balan Ayushi , Stuart Hannah S. , Fritz Nora E. , Gelfand Jeffrey M. , Allen Diane D. , Bove Riley 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveUpper extremity function reflects disease progression in multiple sclerosis (MS). This study evaluated the feasibility, validity, and sensitivity to change of remote dexterity assessments applying human pose estimation to patient‐uploaded videos.MethodsA discovery cohort of 50 adults with MS recorded “selfie” videos of self‐care tasks at home: buttoning, brushing teeth, and eating. Kinematic data were extracted using MediaPipe Hand pose estimation software. Clinical comparison tests were grip and pinch strength, 9 hole peg test (9HPT), and vibration, and patient‐reported dexterity assessments (ABILHAND). Feasibility and acceptability were evaluated (Health‐ITUES framework). A validation cohort (N = 35) completed 9HPT and videos.ResultsThe modality was feasible: 88% of the 50 enrolled participants uploaded ≥3 videos, and 74% completed the study. It was also usable: assessments easy to access (95%), platform easy to use (97%), and tasks representative of daily activities (86%). The buttoning task revealed four metrics with strong correlations with 9HPT (nondominant:r = 0.60–0.69, dominant:r = 0.51–0.57,P < 0.05) and ABILHAND (r = −0.48,P = 0.05). Retest validity at 1 week was stable (r > 0.8). Cross‐sectional correlations between video metrics and 9HPT were similar at 6 months, and in the validation cohort (nondominant:r = 0.46, dominant:r = 0.45,P < 0.05). Over 6 months, pinch strength (5.8–5.0 kg/cm2,P = 0.05) and self‐reported pinch (ABILHAND) decreased marginally. While only 15% of participants worsened by 20% on 9HPT, 70% worsened in key buttoning video metrics.InterpretationPatient‐uploaded videos represent a novel, patient‐centered modality for capturing dexterity that appears valid and sensitive to change, enhancing its potential to be disseminated for neurological disease monitoring and treatment.
Giant Energy Harvesting via Maxwell Displacement Current Enhancement Using Metal Sheet Interspaced Hetero‐Layer Structured Piezo‐Composite Nanofiber Device
Authors: Mahanty Biswajit , Ghosh Sujoy Kumar , Prasad Gajula , Shanmugasundaram Arunkumar , Lee Dong‐Weon 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe limited performance of piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) has hindered their practical applications in self‐powered electronics. To address these limitations, this study presents a new design of a PENG that incorporates hetero‐layer structured piezo‐composite nanofibers with interspaced metal sheets. The hetero‐layer structure consists of alternating layers of ferroelectric barium titanate (BT) nanoparticles interfaced with poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF‐TrFE)) composite nanofibers (P(VDF‐TrFE)/BT), and conductive graphite nano‐sheets (GNS)‐embedded P(VDF‐TrFE) composite nanofibers (P(VDF‐TrFE)/GNS) mats. The inclusion of interspaced metal sheets in the device configuration enhances the stress concentration effect, thereby effectively distributing the applied mechanical vibrations. Simultaneously, the P(VDF‐TrFE)/BT composite nanofibers improve the piezoelectric coefficient (187.86 pC N−1), while the P(VDF‐TrFE)/GNS composite nanofibers reduce the internal impedance of the device. These combined enhancements result in an increased Maxwell displacement current and power output. Consequently, the hetero‐layer structured PENG exhibits an impressive open circuit voltage (Voc) output of 350 V, a short circuit current (Isc) output of 6 µA, and a power output of 3.62 W m−2. Moreover, the developed PENG demonstrates extraordinary energy harvesting performance under harsh vibrations caused by human musculoskeletal movements, as well as subtle vibrations from heart pulses, emotional changes, and speech recognition. Additionally, the PENG shows its potential use in wearable self‐powered wireless e‐health systems.
Toward Sustainable Ultrawide Bandgap van der Waals Materials: An ab initio Screening Effort
Authors: Tan Chuin Wei , Xu Linqiang , Er Chen Chen , Chai Siang‐Piao , Kozinsky Boris , Yang Hui Ying , Yang Shengyuan A. , Lu Jing , Ang Yee Sin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe sustainable development of next‐generation device technology is paramount in the face of climate change and the looming energy crisis. Tremendous effort is made in the discovery and design of nanomaterials that achieve device‐level sustainability, where high performance and low operational energy cost are prioritized. However, many of such materials are composed of elements that are under threat of depletion and pose elevated risks to the environment and human health. The role of materials‐level sustainability in computational screening efforts is overlooked thus far. This work presents a general van der Waals materials screening framework imbued with sustainability‐motivated search criteria. Using ultrawide bandgap (UWBG) materials as a backdrop, 25 sustainable UWBG layered materials comprising only of low‐risks elements result from this screening effort, with several meeting the requirements for dielectric, power electronics, and ultraviolet device applications. These findings constitute a critical first‐step toward reinventing a more sustainable electronics landscape beyond silicon, with the framework established in this work serving as a harbinger of sustainable 2D materials discovery.
High Entropy Oxides Modulate Atomic‐Level Interactions for High‐Performance Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Du Kai , Liu Yujie , Yang Yunfei , Cui Fangyan , Wang Jinshu , Han Mingshan , Su Jingwen , Wang Jiajun , Han Xiaopeng , Hu Yuxiang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe strong electrostatic interaction between high‐charge‐density zinc ions (112 C mm−3) and the fixed crystallinity of traditional oxide cathodes with delayed charge compensation hinders the development of high‐performance aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs). Herein, to intrinsically promote electron transfer efficiency and improve lattice tolerance, a revolutionary family of high‐entropy oxides (HEOs) materials with multipath electron transfer and remarkable structural stability as cathodes for AZIBs is proposed. Benefiting from the unique “cock‐tail” effect, the interaction of diverse type metal‐atoms in HEOs achieves essentially broadened d‐band and lower degeneracy than monometallic oxides, which contribute to convenient electron transfer and one of the best rate‐performances (136.2 mAh g−1 at 10.0 A g−1) in AZIBs. In addition, the intense lattice strain field of HEOs is highly tolerant to the electrostatic repulsion of high‐charge‐density Zn2+, leading to the outstanding cycling stability in AZIBs. Moreover, the super selectability of elements in HEOs exhibits significant potential for AZIBs.
Tough and Moldable Sustainable Cellulose‐Based Structural Materials via Multiscale Interface Engineering
Authors: Yue Xin , Yang Huai‐Bin , Han Zi‐Meng , Lu Yi‐Xing , Yin Chong‐Han , Zhao Xiang , Liu Zhao‐Xiang , Guan Qing‐Fang , Yu Shu‐Hong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAll‐natural materials derived from cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) are expected to be used to replace engineering plastics and have attracted much attention. However, the lack of crack extension resistance and 3D formability of nanofiber‐based structural materials hinders their practical applications. Here, a multiscale interface engineering strategy is reported to construct high‐performance cellulose‐based materials. The sisal microfibers are surface treated to expose abundant active CNFs with positive charges, thereby enhancing their interfacial combination with the negatively charged CNFs. The robust multiscale dual network enables easy molding of multiscale cellulose‐based structural materials into complex 3D special‐shaped structures, resulting in nearly twofold and fivefold improvements in toughness and impact resistance compared with those of CNFs‐based materials. Moreover, this multiscale interface engineering strategy endows cellulose‐based structural materials with better comprehensive performance than petrochemical‐based plastics and broadens cellulose's potential for lightweight applications as structural materials with lower environmental effects.
Highly Effective Near‐Infrared Light‐Activatable Triplet Fusion Upconversion with BODIPY Annihilators: Triplet Modulation via Non‐Conjugated n–π Spatial Electron Coupling
Authors: Jiang Lin‐Han , Zeng Le , Zhang Ming‐Yu , Huang Ling , Pang Dai‐Wen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEffective strategies to manage the triplet state of chromophores are desirable in terms of their crucial role in photonic and optoelectronic technologies. However, triplet excited‐state energy level regulation of organic molecules remains elusive. Here, non‐conjugated n–π spatial electron coupling is demonstrated within boron‐dipyrromethene (BODIPY) and can greatly reduce the low‐lying triplet state (T1) to 1.34 eV without the conventional need for π‐conjugation extension. Moreover, the close alignment between T1 states of this BODIPY derivative and the photosensitizer PtTNP contributes to the reversible triplet energy transfer, namely the intermolecular triplet excited‐state equilibrium. Furthermore, to the best of the knowledge, the first BODIPY‐based near‐infrared light‐activated triplet fusion upconversion (NIR TF‐UC) with an upconversion quantum efficiency of 13.3% is implemented. On this basis, the air‐stable solid‐state NIR TF‐UC material is successfully fabricated, whose upconverted emission can still be seen at an ultralow NIR power density of 6.4 mW cm−2. This new strategy to implement triplet state modulation will accelerate the development of NIR TF‐UC and other important areas involving triplet state, such as photoredox catalysis, photodynamic therapy, and photovoltaic devices.
A Simulation Investigation on the Influence of Bearing Outer Ring Defect on Dynamic Vibration Characteristics of the Axle‐Box System
Authors: Liao Xiaokang , He Liu , Yi Cai , Zhao Wentao , Ou Fengyu , Lin Jianhui 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a vehicle track coupling dynamic model including bearing outer ring defects is built, the time history of the axle‐box vibration acceleration and the time history of the bearing roller‐outer raceway contact load under the condition of random track irregularity on the Beijing‐Tianjin line are obtained by simulation calculation. The results show that when the outer ring defect of the bearing occurs, the axle box will generate high‐frequency vibration at the resonance peak in the vertical and lateral directions. When the defect on the bearing outer ring is in the small width of 1 mm, the roller only imposes one impact when passing through the defect area. However, when the width exceeds 3 mm, the large defect causes the roller to impose a double impact on the lateral direction of the axle box, due to changes in bearing clearance in the passing‐through process. When the running speed of the train is about 250 km h−1, the width of bearing outer ring defects needs to be limited to within 1 mm, to minimize a series of problems such as structural fatigue caused by the increased bearing roller‐outer raceway contact load caused by bearing outer ring defects.
A Novel Cytochrome P450 2E1 Inhibitor Q11 Is Effective on Lung Cancer via Regulation of the Inflammatory Microenvironment
Authors: Jia Lin , Gao Fei , Hu Guiming , Fang Yan , Tang Liming , Wen Qiang , Gao Na , Xu Haiwei , Qiao Hailing 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLung cancer is the leading cause of death among all cancers. A persistent chronic inflammatory microenvironment is highly correlated with lung cancer. However, there are no anti‐inflammatory agents effective against lung cancer. Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) plays an important role in the inflammatory response. Here, it is found that CYP2E1 is significantly higher in the peritumoral tissue of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and lung tumor growth is significantly impeded in Cyp2e1−/− mice. The novel CYP2E1 inhibitor Q11, 1‐(4‐methyl‐5‐thialzolyl) ethenone, is effective in the treatment of lung cancer in mice, which can inhibit cancer cells by changing macrophage polarization rather than directly act on the cancer cells. It is also clarify that the benefit of Q11 may associated with the IL‐6/STAT3 and MAPK/ERK pathways. The data demonstrate that CYP2E1 may be a novel inflammatory target and that Q11 is effective on lung cancer by regulation of the inflammatory microenvironment. These findings provide a molecular basis for targeting CYP2E1 and illustrate the potential druggability of the CYP2E1 inhibitor Q11.
Hard–Soft Segment Synergism Binder Facilitates the Implementation of Practical SiC600 Electrodes
Authors: Gao Chenhui , Zhang Huanrui , Mu Pengzhou , Wu Rongxian , Zhang Xiaohu , Chen Xing , Sun Chenghao , Wang Qingfu , Cui Guanglei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAs an emerging anode material for commercialization, the silicon (or SiOx)/graphite composite (SiC) anode faces bottlenecks such as large volume expansion and short cycle lifespan, which hinder its commercial implementation process. To remove these limitations, a mussel byssal thread‐inspired hard–soft segment synergism binder (denoted as PCH‐CR) is presented based on an in situ ester cross‐linking reaction between a hydrophilic copolymer of sodium 2‐carboxyethylacrylate and N‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)acrylamide as the hard segment with an oleophilic elastomer carboxylic styrene butadiene rubber as the soft segment. This synergetic hard–soft segment binder design can evidently improve the polymer topological structure entropy, thus obtaining enhanced mechanical and adhesive properties. By virtue of these strengths, the as‐prepared SiC600 (600 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C) electrodes can apparently suppress electrode volume expansion, and subsequently maintain high structural integrity and interfacial stability during cycling. As a result, the as‐prepared SiC600 electrode at a limited PCH‐CR binder dosage achieves unprecedented cycling and rate performance in coin and home‐made soft package cells. These results promise great potential for the as‐developed binder for practical SiC600 electrode applications. This work marks a new milestone in developing state‐of‐the‐art binders toward high‐specific‐capacity Si‐based anode applications.
New cases of recently described Thauvin‐Robinet‐Faivre syndrome with a novel homozygous FIBP gene variant
Authors: Kılıç Esra , Koşukcu Can 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThauvin‐Robinet‐Faivre syndrome (#617107) is a rare autosomal recessive overgrowth syndrome characterized by intellectual disability, facial dysmorphism, macrocephaly, and variable congenital malformations. It is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous FIBP gene mutations. The FIBP gene is located on the 11q13.1 region and codes the acidic fibroblast growth factor intracellular binding protein, which is involved in the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathway. FGF signaling is required for neurogenesis and neuronal precursor proliferation. The FGF controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration in embryonic development and in adult life. Overgrowth syndromes consist of a wide spectrum disorders characterized by prenatal and postnatal excess growth in weight and length, often associated malformations, intellectual disability, and neoplastic predisposition. Embryonic tumors are especially common in these syndromes. Thauvin‐Robinet‐Faivre syndrome is a recently described overgrowth syndrome with typical facial dysmorphic and clinical features. To date, only four patients have been reported with this disorder. Herein, two new cases of Thauvin‐Robinet‐Faivre syndrome are reported with overgrowth, intellectual disability, typical dysmorphic signs in one dysplastic kidney, and a novel homozygous FIBP gene variant. Exome sequencing analysis showed that both affected siblings share the same homozygous c. 412‐3_415dupCAGTTTG FIBP gene variant. Reporting two new cases with this rare autosomal recessive overgrowth syndrome with a novel FIBP gene variant will support and expand the clinical spectrum of Thauvin‐Robinet‐Faivre syndrome. Also discussed will be the function of FIBP in tumorigenesis and the possible renal tumor susceptibility in heterozygous carriers will be emphasized.