bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overcoming barriers to COVID‐19 herd immunity in Afghanistan
Authors: Wardak Mohammad Faisal , Rahimi Ali , Lucero‐Prisno Don Eliseo , Miranda Adriana Viola 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAfghanistan faces numerous obstacles in its endeavor to achieve herd immunity against COVID‐19. Inadequate resources, vaccine hesitancy, and the new government's lack of international recognition have impeded the country and harmed vaccine procurement and distribution. Although the recent power shift has led to a more secure situation, the country's vaccination coverage remains at 44.05% as of November 26, 2023. The main hurdles to herd immunity include limited vaccine accessibility, extensive vaccine hesitancy, an inefficient cold chain system causing high vaccine wastage rates, substandard service delivery, recent restrictions on women's healthcare access, low health literacy, and a weakened economy owing to decades of conflict and international sanctions. This article assesses vaccination progress, and herd immunity barriers, and provides solutions to overcome them in Afghanistan. A comprehensive approach is required, which involves enhancing public awareness of the benefits of vaccination, debunking vaccine‐related misconceptions through the media, expanding vaccine accessibility especially in remote areas, increasing vaccination personnel, promoting the cold chain and delivery system, reversing the ban on women's education and employment, boosting the economy, and increasing the inflow of humanitarian aid by lifting international sanctions. Successfully implementing these measures can help Afghanistan overcome obstacles to herd immunity, leading the country toward a safer and healthier future.
Construction of Smart DNA‐Based Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Li Congcong , Wang Mengzhen , Li Pei‐Feng , Sheng Junyue , Fu Qinrui 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDue to the disadvantages of poor targeting, slow action, and low effectiveness of current commonly used cancer treatments, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, researchers have turned to DNA as a biomaterial for constructing drug delivery nanocarriers. DNA is favored for its biocompatibility and programmability. In order to overcome the limitations associated with traditional drug delivery systems (DDSs), researchers have developed smart‐responsive DNA DDSs that can control drug release in response to specific physical or chemical stimuli at targeted sites. In this review, a summary of multiple targeted ligand structures is provided, various shapes of stable DNA nanomaterials, and different stimuli‐responsive drug release strategies in DNA DDSs. Specifically, targeted cell recognition, in vivo stable transport, and controlled drug release of smart DDSs are focused. Finally, the further development prospects and challenges of clinical application of DNA nanomaterials in the field of smart drug delivery are discussed. The objective of this review is to enhance researchers' comprehension regarding the potential application of DNA nanomaterials in precision drug delivery, with the aim of expediting the clinical implementation of intelligent DDSs.
Multiplexable and Scalable Aqueous Synthesis Platform for Oleate‐Based, Bilayer‐Coated Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Backhaus Andreas , Albrecht Jillian , Alzhanova Gaukhar , Long Avery , Arnold Wyatt , Lee Junseok , Tse Ho‐Yin , Su Tina T. , Cruz‐Gomez Sebastian , Lee Seung Soo S. , Menges Fabian , Parent Lucas R. , Ratjen Lars , Burtness Barbara , Fortner John D. , Zimmerman Julie B. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDespite gold‐based nanomaterials having a unique role in nanomedicine, among other fields, synthesis limitations relating to reaction scale‐up and control result in prohibitively high gold nanoparticle costs. In this work, a new preparation procedure for lipid bilayer‐coated gold nanoparticles in water is presented, using sodium oleate as reductant and capping agent. The seed‐free synthesis not only allows for size precision (8–30 nm) but also remarkable particle concentration (10 mm Au). These reaction efficiencies allow for multiplexing and reaction standardization in 96‐well plates using conventional thermocyclers, in addition to simple particle purification via microcentrifugation. Such a multiplexing approach also enables detailed spectroscopic investigation of the nonlinear growth process and dynamic sodium oleate/oleic acid self‐assembly. In addition to scalability (at gram‐level), resulting gold nanoparticles are stable at physiological pH, in common cell culture media, and are autoclavable. To demonstrate the versatility and applicability of the reported method, a robust ligand exchange with thiolated polyethylene glycol analogues is also presented.
Octylammonium Iodide Induced in‐situ Healing Behavior at Perovskite / Carbon Interface: the “Slow‐Release Effect” Caused by Carbon Black Adsorption
Authors: Ma Jiao , Lin Siyuan , Fang Mei , Fang Zhenxing , Yu Xiaohan , Guo De'en , Xie Haipeng , Kong Deming , Li Youzhen , Zhou Conghua 
Published: February 2024

Abstract“Perovskite / Carbon” interface has remained a key bottleneck for the hole‐conductor‐free perovskite solar cells based on carbon‐electrode (CPSCs), due to problems like loose physics contact, defects, energy mismatch, poor chemical coupling, etc. A previous study shows that octylammonium iodide (OAI) blending in carbon paste induced a kind of “in‐situ healing” effect for “perovskite / carbon” interface, and improved power conversion efficiency from ≈13% to >19%. Here the beneath mechanism is further explored by careful examination of the interaction between OAI molecule and carbon black (CB) nanoparticles. It comes to show that, the famous “CB adsorption” plays a key role during the “healing” processes. Due to CB adsorption behavior, the mass ratio between OAI and CB influences much on the healing effect. By suitably adjusting the mass ratio between OAI and CB, and increasing the light harvest of perovskite, an efficiency of 19.41% is achieved for the hole‐conductor‐free CPSCs. Device efficiency and the charge‐extraction and recombination process are tracked with the storage period, continuous improvement appears for devices assembled by relatively higher CB mass. A kind of “slow‐release effect” is revealed during the OAI‐induced “in‐situ healing” process, which is caused by the famous “CB adsorption” behavior.
Phase‐Transition of Mo2C Induced by Tungsten Doping as Heterointerface‐Rich Electrocatalyst for Optimizing Hydrogen Evolution Activity
Authors: Chen Wansong , Niu Mang , Zhang Zhaozuo , Chen Lin , Li Xing , Zhang Jinming , Sun Ruoxin , Cao Haijie , Wang Xiaoxia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractElectrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) from water splitting driven by renewable energy is considered a promising method for large‐scale hydrogen production, and as an alternative to noble‐metal electrocatalysts, molybdenum carbide (Mo2C) has exhibited effective HER performance. However, the strong bonding strength of intermediate adsorbed H (Hads) with Mo active site slows down the HER kinetics of Mo2C. Herein, using phase‐transition strategy, hexagonal β‐Mo2C could be easily transferred to cubic δ‐Mo2C through electron injection triggered by tungsten (W) doping, and heterointerface‐rich Mo2C‐based composites, including β‐Mo2C, δ‐Mo2C, and MoO2, are presented. Experimental results and density functional theory calculations reveal that W doping mainly contributes to the phase‐transition process, and the generated heterointerfaces are the dominant factor in inducing remarkable electron accumulation around Mo active sites, thus weakening the Mo─H coupling. Wherein, the β‐Mo2C/MoO2 interface plays an important role in optimizing the electronic structure of Mo 3d orbital and hydrogen adsorption Gibbs free energy (ΔGH*), enabling these Mo2C‐based composites to have excellent intrinsic catalytic activity like low overpotential (η10 = 99.8 mV), small Tafel slope (60.16 dec−1), and good stability in 1 m KOH. This work sheds light on phase‐transition engineering and offers a convenient route to construct heterointerfaces for large‐scale HER production.
Endoplasmic Reticulum‐Targeting Self‐Assembly Nanosheets Promote Autophagy and Regulate Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment for Efficient Photodynamic Immunotherapy
Authors: Huang Pei‐Ying , Liang Shi‐Yu , Xiang Yun , Li Ming‐Rui , Wang Mei‐Rong , Liu Li‐Han 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe poor efficiency and low immunogenicity of photodynamic therapy (PDT), and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (ITM) lead to tumor recurrence and metastasis. In this work, TCPP‐TER‐Zn@RSV nanosheets (TZR NSs) that co‐assembled from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)‐targeting photosensitizer TCPP‐TER‐Zn nanosheets (TZ NSs for short) and the autophagy promoting and indoleamine‐(2, 3)‐dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor‐like resveratrol (RSV) are fabricated to enhance antitumor PDT. TZR NSs exhibit improved therapeutic efficiency and amplified immunogenic cancer cell death (ICD) by ER targeting PDT and ER autophagy promotion. TZR NSs reversed the ITM with an increase of CD8+ T cells and reduce of immunosuppressive Foxp3 regulatory T cells, which effectively burst antitumor immunity thus clearing residual tumor cells. The ER‐targeting TZR NSs developed in this paper presents a simple but valuable reference for high‐efficiency tumor photodynamic immunotherapy.
Cholesterol‐Modified DNA Nanostructures Serve as Effective Non‐Viral Carriers for Delivering siRNA to the Kidneys to Prevent Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Li Chengxun , Zhao Wenzhuo , Hu Zuojian , Yu Hongxiu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWith the emergence of gene therapy utilizing viral vectors, the potential risks associated with these vectors have prompted increased attention toward non‐viral alternatives. DNA nanotechnology enables the assembly of specific oligonucleotide chains into nanostructures possessing defined spatial configurations. Due to their inherent characteristics, DNA nanostructures possess natural advantages as carriers for regulating gene expression in a non‐viral manner. Cholesterol modification can convert DNA nanostructures from hydrophilic materials to amphiphilic materials, thereby extending their systemic circulation time. In this study, the high‐dimensional design and cholesterol modification are shown to prolong the systemic circulation half‐life of DNA nanostructures in mice. Specifically, the tetrahedron structure modified with three cholesterol molecules (TDN‐3Chol) exhibit excellent circulation time and demonstrate a preference for renal uptake. The unique characteristics of TDN‐3Chol can effectively deliver p53 siRNA to the mouse renal tubular tissue, resulting in successful knockdown of p53 and demonstrating its potential for preventing acute kidney injury. Furthermore, TDN‐3Chol is not exhibited significant toxicity in mice, highlighting its promising role as a non‐viral vector for targeted gene expression regulation in the kidneys. The designed non‐viral vector as a prophylactic medication shows potential in addressing the current clinical challenges associated with nephrotoxic drugs.
Recognition of Fiber Optic Vibration Signals Based on Laplace Wavelet Transform and Deep Learning
Authors: Qi Jinshui , Mo Jiaqing , Niu Yasen , Cui Yiteng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractConvolutional neural networks possess the capability of feature learning and nonlinear mapping, which has significant advantages in classifying and recognizing optical fiber vibration signals. In order to further enhance the recognition rate of vibration signals, this paper combines wavelet transform with convolutional neural networks and designs a convolutional layer based on parameterized wavelets. In this layer, the initial signal is convolved with parameterized Laplace wavelet dictionaries to complete the wavelet transform. Such customized filters make more sense than filters with randomly initialized parameters for traditional CNNs. Simultaneously, we introduce the channel attention mechanism to enhance the features of the filtered signals. Subsequently, standard CNNs are employed to extract and process signal features, ultimately utilizing a multi‐layer perceptron for recognition and classification. The experimental results show that the network model possesses better recognition refinement. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Nonlocal and dual‐phase‐lag effects in a transversely isotropic exponentially graded thermoelastic medium with voids
Authors: Barak M. S. , Poonia Ravinder , Devi Savita , Dhankhar Priti 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe aim of the present work is to examine the thermally induced disturbances in a transversely isotropic nonlocal exponentially graded (nonhomogeneous) thermoelastic half‐space with voids within the framework of dual‐phase‐lag (DPL) theory. It is supposed that the material's properties are graded in ‐direction. By employing normal mode technique, the exact expressions of the temperature field, the change in volume fraction field, displacement and stress components are obtained. The obtained results are computed numerically for a magnesium crystal‐like material and depicted graphically to display the effects of material's anisotropy, non‐homogeneity parameter, generalized theories, nonlocal parameter, void parameter and time on the variations of different physical fields. Certain limiting cases of interest have been deduced from the present investigation.
A complete set of the dimension-8 Green’s basis operators in the Standard Model effective field theory
Authors: Ren Zhe , Yu Jiang-Hao 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We present a complete and independent off-shell Green’s basis of the dimension 8 operators in the Standard Model effective field theory (SMEFT). We propose an off-shell amplitude formalism such that this new kind of amplitude has a one-to-one correspondence to general operators carrying all kinds of redundancies. The advantage of such formalism is that all kinds of redundancies can be formulated explicitly in terms of the off-shell spinors and thus be removed systematically from the exhaustive list of the general off-shell amplitudes. Following such procedures, redundant operators can be reduced to the ones with the only redundancy from the equation of motion kept, the Green’s basis. We find there are (993+1649) independent (on-shell + off-shell) operators for one generation of fermions and (44807+66197) ones for three generations at dimension 8. This systematic method can be applied to obtain the Green’s basis at any mass dimension for general EFTs.
Racial disparities in law enforcement/court-ordered psychiatric inpatient admissions after the 2008 recession: a test of the frustration–aggression–displacement hypothesis
Authors: Singh Parvati , Catalano Ralph , Bruckner Tim A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Societies under duress may selectively increase the reporting of disordered persons from vulnerable communities to law enforcement. Mentally ill African American males reportedly are perceived as more threatening relative to females and other race/ethnicities. We examine whether law enforcement/court order-requested involuntary psychiatric hospitalizations increased among African American males shortly after ambient economic decline—a widely characterized population stressor.

Methods
We identified psychiatric inpatient admissions requested by law enforcement/court orders from 2006 to 2011 across four US states (Arizona, California, New York, North Carolina). Our analytic sample comprises 13.1 million psychiatric inpatient admissions across 95 counties over 72 months. We operationalized exposure to economic downturns as percent change in monthly employment in a metropolitan statistical area (MSA). We used zero inflated negative binomial and linear fixed effects regression analyses to examine psychiatric inpatient admissions requested by law enforcement/court orders following regional employment decline over a time period that includes the Great Recession of 2008.
Findings.
Declines in monthly employment precede by one month a 6% increase in psychiatric hospitalizations requested by law enforcement/court order among African American males (p < 0.05), but not among other race/sex groups. Estimates amount to an excess of 2554 involuntary admissions among African American males statistically attributable to aggregate-level employment decline.

Conclusions
Economic downturns may increase involuntary psychiatric commitments among African American males. Our findings underscore the unique vulnerability of racial/ethnic minorities during economic contractions.
Negotiating the authenticity of AI: how the discourse on AI rejects human indeterminacy
Authors: Beerends Siri , Aydin Ciano 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we demonstrate how the language and reasonings that academics, developers, consumers, marketers, and journalists deploy to accept or reject AI as authentic intelligence has far-reaching bearing on how we understand our human intelligence and condition. The discourse on AI is part of what we call the “authenticity negotiation process” through which AI’s “intelligence” is given a particular meaning and value. This has implications for scientific theory, research directions, ethical guidelines, design principles, funding, media attention, and the way people relate to and act upon AI. It also has great impact on humanity’s self-image and the way we negotiate what it means to be human, existentially, culturally, politically, and legally. We use a discourse analysis of academic papers, AI education programs, and online discussions to demonstrate how AI itself, as well as the products, services, and decisions delivered by AI systems are negotiated as authentic or inauthentic intelligence. In this negotiation process, AI stakeholders indirectly define and essentialize what being human(like) means. The main argument we will develop is that this process of indirectly defining and essentializing humans results in an elimination of the space for humans to be indeterminate. By eliminating this space and, hence, denying indeterminacy, the existential condition of the human being is jeopardized. Rather than re-creating humanity in AI, the AI discourse is re-defining what it means to be human and how humanity is valued and should be treated.
Exactly Solvable Anharmonic Oscillator, Degenerate Orthogonal Polynomials and Painlevé II
Authors: Bertola M. , Chavez-Heredia E. , Grava T. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUsing WKB analysis, the paper addresses a conjecture of Shapiro and Tater on the similarity between two sets of points in the complex plane; on one side is the set the values of $$t\in \mathbb {C}$$

t
∈
C

for which the spectrum of the quartic anharmonic oscillator in the complex plane $$\begin{aligned} \frac{\textrm{d}^{2} y}{\textrm{d} x^{2}} - \left( x^4 + tx^2 + 2Jx \right) y = \Lambda y, \end{aligned}$$

d
2

y

d

x
2

-

x
4

+
t

x
2

+
2
J
x

y
=
Λ
y
,

with certain boundary conditions, has repeated eigenvalues. On the other side is the set of zeroes of the Vorob’ev–Yablonskii polynomials, i.e. the poles of rational solutions of the second Painlevé equation. Along the way, we indicate a surprising and deep connection between the anharmonic oscillator problem and certain degenerate orthogonal (monic) polynomials.
A Green’s Function Proof of the Positive Mass Theorem
Authors: Agostiniani Virginia , Mazzieri Lorenzo , Oronzio Francesca 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a new proof of the Positive Mass Theorem is established through a newly discovered monotonicity formula, holding along the level sets of the Green’s function of an asymptotically flat 3-manifolds. In the same context and for $$1<p<3$$

1
<
p
<
3

, a Geroch-type calculation is performed along the level sets of p-harmonic functions, leading to a new proof of the Riemannian Penrose Inequality under favourable assumptions. A new characterisation of scalar curvature lower bounds in terms of the monotonicity formulas is also given.
Bone Density and Trabecular Bone Score Decline Rapidly in the First Year After Bone Marrow Transplantation with a Marked Increase in 10-Year Fracture Risk
Authors: Gong Joanna Y. , Chiang Cherie , Wark John D. , Ritchie David , Panek-Hudson Yvonne , Le Minh V. , Limbri Lydia , Fabila Nicolo , Fourlanos Spiros , Yates Christopher J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAs outcomes from allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) have improved, prevention of long-term complications, such as fragility fractures, has gained importance. We aimed to assess areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and trabecular bone score (TBS) changes post BMT, and determine their relationship with fracture prevalence. Patients who attended the Royal Melbourne Hospital (RMH) BMT clinic between 2005–2021 were included. Patient characteristics and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) values were collected from the electronic medical record and a survey. TBS iNsight™ was used to calculate TBS for DXA scans performed from 2019 onwards. 337 patients with sequential DXAs were eligible for inclusion. Patients were primarily male (60%) and mean age ± SD was 45.7 ± 13.4 years. The annualised decline in aBMD was greater at the femoral neck (0.066g/cm2 (0.0038–0.17)) and total hip (0.094g/cm2 (0.013–0.19)), compared to the lumbar spine (0.049g/cm2 (− 0.0032–0.16)), p < 0.0001. TBS declined independently of aBMD T-scores at all sites. Eighteen patients (5.3%) sustained 19 fractures over 3884 person-years of follow-up post-transplant (median follow-up 11 years (8.2–15)). This 5.3% fracture prevalence over the median 11-year follow-up period is higher than what would be predicted with FRAX® estimates. Twenty-two patients (6.5%) received antiresorptive therapy, and 9 of 18 (50%) who fractured received or were on antiresorptive therapy. In BMT patients, aBMD and TBS decline rapidly and independently in the first year post BMT. However, FRAX® fracture probability estimates incorporating these values significantly underestimate fracture rates, and antiresorptive treatment rates remain relatively low.
Cesium adsorption ability of charcoal made from Japanese cedar and Japanese oak wood: effect of Fe3+-addition to starting materials
Authors: Yamagishi Takayuki , Shibutani Sakae , Suzuki Hikaru , Yamauchi Shigeru 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTo investigate the effect of Fe-addition on the Cs+-adsorption ability (Cs+-AA) of woody charcoal, charcoal samples were prepared from Japanese cedar (JC) and Japanese oak (JO) wood impregnated with Fe3+ at 600 and 800 °C. The residual functional groups of the charcoal samples were examined using infrared-photoacoustic spectroscopy. OH groups were observed in the charcoal made at 600 °C, and no vibrational bands were detectable in the charcoal synthesized at 800 °C. The observation of Raman D-, G-, and G´-bands revealed that all charcoal samples contained sp2-carbon atoms but graphitization occurred only in the iron-loaded charcoal made at 800 °C. The Cs+-AA of the JC and JO charcoal samples were evaluated based on the adsorption isotherms of an aqueous CsCl (Cs+: 33 mg/L) solution. The addition of Fe3+ to wood had a negative effect on the Cs+-AA of the JO charcoal made at 600 °C, but a positive effect on the Cs+-AA of the JC charcoal prepared at 800 °C.