bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dyslipidemia and a reversible decrease in insulin sensitivity induced by therapy with 13‐cis‐retinoic acid
Authors: Koistinen Heikki A. , Remitz Anita , Gylling Helena , Miettinen Tatu A. , Koivisto Veikko A. , Ebeling Pertti 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground13‐cis‐Retinoic acid (Roaccutan®) treatment is associated with disturbances in lipid and sometimes also in glucose metabolism. Thus, we investigated whether 13‐cis‐retinoic acid treatment decreases insulin sensitivity.MethodsWe studied 11 men [aged 24±2 years (mean±SEM), body mass index (BMI) 22.1±0.9 kg/m2] who received Roaccutan® treatment for acne for a period averaging 5 months but who were otherwise healthy. The insulin sensitivity of the subjects was measured before, during and 1–3 months after the end of treatment using the euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp technique.ResultsTreatment with 13‐cis‐retinoic acid reduced total (59±4 vs 55±4 µmol/kg/min, p<0.02), oxidative (25±1 vs 22±2 µmol/kg/min, p<0.05) and non‐oxidative (36±3 vs 33±3 µmol/kg/min, p=0.05) glucose disposal rate, and there was a 4% increase in HbA1c (from 5.2±0.07 to 5.4±0.07%, p<0.02). After treatment cessation these values returned to baseline. 13‐cis‐Retinoic acid treatment also resulted in increased very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, increased VLDL triglyceride, and increased VLDL and LDL phospholipid concentrations.ConclusionTreatment of acne with 13‐cis‐retinoic acid reduces insulin sensitivity and induces alterations in lipid metabolism resembling those of the insulin resistance syndrome. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Loss of α3β1 integrin function results in an altered differentiation program in the mouse submandibular gland
Authors: Menko A. Sue , Kreidberg Jordan A. , Ryan Tifany T. , Van Bockstaele Elisabeth , Kukuruzinska Maria A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMammalian submandibular gland (SMG) development leads to the establishment of highly organized secretory acinar and nonsecretory ductal epithelial cells. The ability of maturing salivary epithelial cells to attain their differentiated state has been shown to depend, in part, on interactions between extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and their integrin receptors. In a search for key regulators of salivary cell lineage, we have studied α3β1 integrin, a receptor for the basement membrane protein laminin, by characterizing embryonic day 18 (E18) SMGs isolated from mice carrying a targeted mutation in the α3 integrin gene. Transmission electron microscopy studies showed that the mutant SMGs exhibited an aberrant differentiation phenotype with defects in the apical‐basal polarity axis and in the basement membrane. Based on immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses, the α3β1‐deficient SMGs had altered expression and/or localization of several ECM and adhesive molecules, including laminin β1, fibronectin, α5 integrin, and E‐cadherin. These changes correlated with alterations in the activation state of Ras‐extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), as well as the expression and/or localization of Cdc42 and RhoA, two Rho GTPases that regulate the organization of the actin cytoskeleton. We conclude that α3β1 is required for normal salivary cell differentiation and that its absence affects multiple components of adhesive complexes and their associated signalling pathways. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The child's route into reading and what can go wrong
Authors: Lundberg Ingvar 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTwo strands of linguistic development critically important for successful reading acquisition are outlined. One of these ontogenetic roots concerns phonological development and projects onto word decoding. The other root concerns the development of vocabulary and syntax projecting onto reading comprehension. Language development starts very early in infancy when the child learns to categorize the speech sounds according to the pattern typical of the mother tongue. Equipped with these sound categories the child is ready to learn to understand and to use new words. The precise phonological representation of words will facilitate the important development of phonological awareness. The paper reviews some longitudinal research and training studies indicating the causal direction of the relation between phonological awareness and reading. Preventive implications are pointed out. The preventive power of the second strand of development is discussed with reference to vocabulary exposure in different social environments and to informal early literacy socialization. In particular, the benefits of the prototypical situation of reading aloud to children are discussed. Finally, the complexity of the causal relationships between different aspects of early language development and later reading is pointed out. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rejection of life in anorexic and bulimic patients
Authors: Bachar Eytan , Latzer Yael , Canetti Laura , Gur Eitan , Berry Elliot M. , Bonne Omer 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate eating‐ disordered (ED) patients’ attraction to life and death.MethodThirty‐two anorexic and 37 bulimic patients were matched by age, sex, and socioeconomic status to 37 matched normal controls. Participants were administered the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT‐26), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Multiattitude Suicidal Tendency Scale (MASS), and the Selflessness Scale.ResultsED patients scored significantly higher on the Selflessness Scale than normal controls. They are less attracted to and more repulsed by life than normal controls. In death variables, attraction to or repulsion by, no significant differences were found. These results were not influenced by depression. The higher the tendency of ED patients to ignore their needs and serve other's needs (high Selflessness scores), the higher their tendency to be attracted to death and to be less attracted to life.DiscussionED patients, rather than dwelling on death, reject life. Theoretically, the findings support differentiation of death preoccupation to several components. Clinically, the findings might direct clinicians to help patients reduce their “self‐guilt,” that is, guilt of promoting their own interests. © 2002 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 31: 43–48, 2002.
Attentional biases and frontal functioning in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Fassino Secondo , Pieró Andrea , Daga Giovanni Abbate , Leombruni Paolo , Mortara Paolo , Rovera Giovanni Giacomo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveThis study deals with executive functions such as abstraction, use of strategy, and response flexibility (focused attention) seen in patients with anorexia nervosa.The aim was to highlight any correlation between neuropsychological functioning and the degree of pathology for food style, body image, and physical state.MethodA modified Stroop test, Wisconsin Card Sorting test, Body Shape Questionnaire, and Eating Disorder Inventory‐2 were administered to 20 anorexia nervosa restricters (AN‐R) and 20 control subjects.ResultsThe AN‐R subjects showed nonspecific attentional biases, in addition to disorders regarding abstraction and flexibility of thought, similar to those seen in patients with obsessive‐compulsive disorder.The disturbance of body image showed a direct correlation to frontal alterations.DiscussionThis evidence suggested that in the AN‐R subjects the disturbances of body image might be linked to the alterations of abstraction and critical abilities and with an obsessive frontal functioning © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Int J Eat Disord 31: 274–283, 2002; DOI 10.1002/eat.10028
Males with anorexia nervosa: A controlled study of eating disorders in first‐degree relatives
Authors: Strober Michael , Freeman Roberta , Lampert Carlyn , Diamond Jane , Kaye Walter 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo compare lifetime rates of full and partial anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa in first‐degree relatives of males with anorexia nervosa and in relatives of never‐ill comparison subjects.MethodsRates of eating disorders were obtained for 747 relatives of 210 probands from personal structured clinical interviews and family history. Best‐estimate diagnoses were determined blind to proband diagnosis and pedigree status.ResultsFull and partial syndromes of anorexia nervosa aggregated in female relatives of ill probands. For the full syndrome of anorexia nervosa, the crude relative risk was 20.3 among female relatives and for partial syndrome anorexia nervosa, the crude relative risk was 3.3. In contrast, bulimia nervosa was relatively uncommon among relatives of ill probands.ConclusionAlthough anorexia nervosa in males is exceedingly rare, there is a pattern of familial aggregation that is highly similar to that observed in recent family studies of affected females. On the basis of these findings, there is no evidence that familial‐genetic factors distinguish the occurrence of anorexia nervosa in the two sexes. © 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 29: 263–269, 2001.
A fast computation algorithm for DOA evaluation function of MUSIC algorithm in circular array antennas
Authors: Hirata Kazufumi , Kirimoto Tetsuo , Mano Seiji 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe MUSIC algorithm is an algorithm that can determine the direction of arrival (DOA) for multiple radio waves with high precision. In the determination of DOA of radio waves by the MUSIC algorithm, the DOA evaluation function is determined by a large number of the inner product operations between the steering vector and the eigenvector of the correlation matrix corresponding to the receiver noise. A problem from the practical viewpoint is usually how to reduce the computational complexity in those inner product operations. This paper notes that when the antenna is composed only of a circular array with equal spacing, the inner product operation depends only on the angle difference between the element position vector and the steering vector. Then, a fast operation algorithm is shown, in which the inner product operation is reduced to the cyclic convolution operation, and the computational complexity is reduced using the FFT. It is shown that the computational complexity is reduced by approximately 31% compared to the conventional method, when the array is composed of eight elements. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 84(8): 62–69, 2001
Coded pulse signal subsurface radar
Authors: Tomizawa Yoshiyuki , Arai Ikuo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSubsurface radar to detect buried objects from the ground surface by using electromagnetic waves has been used widely for detection of buried pipes since a shallow subsurface zone of up to 2 to 3 m can be visualized with high resolution at high speed. On the other hand, deeper subsurface detection is required in searching for archaeological ruins. In this paper, a delay correlation‐type subsurface radar using monocycle pulse signals modulated by M‐sequence codes is proposed with a view to expanding the search range by increasing the average energy of the transmitted signals. With a test setup, a steel pipe buried 2.5 m below the ground surface was detected with a transmitting power of 1 mW. In regard to the maximum detectable range of the subsurface radar using this type of coded signals, this paper carries out a study from the point of view of both the time side‐lobe and S/N. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 85(2): 8–16, 2002
Metallic particle motion and breakdown characteristics in GIS with 0.1‐Hz VLF (very low frequency) high voltage applied
Authors: Saito Hitoshi , Takahashi Toshihiro , Hayakawa Naoki , Kawakita Koji , Okubo Hitoshi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractVLF (Very Low Frequency) high voltage with frequency of 0.1 Hz will be utilized for an on‐site test of XLPE underground cables, instead of conventional dc high voltage test. Since XLPE cables are connected to GIS (Gas Insulated Switchgears) in substations, the influence of VLF voltage application to GIS insulation should be investigated. One of the most important characteristics for GIS insulation lies in the metallic particle contamination and its behavior, which may induce breakdown in GIS.From the above viewpoint, this paper discusses the metallic particle behavior and breakdown characteristics under VLF voltage application in GIS. Experimental results revealed that (1) Particle motion under VLF condition was similar to that under dc condition, while specific in the transient behavior at the polarity reversal. (2) Breakdown was induced by particles located in the vicinity of high voltage conductor at the instance of crossing the gap or in the firefly conditions. (3) Breakdown voltage in positive half cycle was higher than that in negative half cycle at the lower gas pressure, while lower at the higher gas pressure, which was attributed to the particle behavior and the breakdown mechanism of SF6 gas.Consequently, metallic particles in GIS under VLF voltage application exhibited the specific behavior associated with the slow change of instantaneous voltage and polarity, and resulted in the complex pressure dependence of breakdown characteristics. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 139(4): 33–40, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.1166
Cooperative instruments and policy making: assessing public participation in US environmental regulation
Authors: Bryner Gary 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPublic participation has come to play an increasingly important role in making public policies in the United States. The constitutional mandate of due process implies some right to participate in at least some administrative proceedings that affect one's interests. Federal courts have expanded participation rights in federal agency decision making, and many states have done so. Government officials have also seen it in their interest to expand participation in order to increase the diversity of information and views available to them. Participation is seen as a way to gain the support of those affected by public policies: the more they feel as if they have a voice in decisions affecting them, the more likely it is that they will comply with whatever requirements are selected. If parties have a voice in the formulation of policies they will be less likely to challenge decisions in court. Proponents of more extensive participation argue that cooperation is better than conflict and cooperative efforts produce superior solutions to problems. There is increasing interest in fostering democratic discourse and in developing processes that increase discussion, facilitate the exploration of alternative views and give voice to those in the past who have been marginalized or ignored. Public participation not only can contribute to improved decisions but also can help build social capital, strengthen civil society and enhance the capability of communities to solve problems and pursue common concerns.However, despite the critical importance of increasing public participation, current practices have fallen well short of providing for meaningful, effective involvement in administrative decision making, and much remains to be done before the promises of participation are realized. Many groups lack the resources and expertise to participate effectively, and participation may co‐opt more effective efforts in other political forums. There are widely divergent views about the kind of authority that should be granted to collaborative decision making. Demands for making government decision making more collaborative clash with expectations of agency discretion and expertise, and accountability to laws. Broader interests may be ignored as more narrow demands of participants are emphasized. A number of changes are required before cooperative procedures achieve the promise of improved policy making in environmental policy and other policy areas. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
The relationship of environmental and economic performance at the firm level: a review of empirical studies in Europe and methodological comments
Authors: Wagner Marcus , Wehrmeyer Walter 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper reviews empirical studies on the relationship between environmental and economic performance carried out with European data in order to derive conclusions with regard to their methodological comparability. Two types of research are analysed, namely (model) portfolio studies and multiple‐regression‐based studies. For each type two representative empirical studies are contrasted in order to establish methodological influences, as well as the importance of data availability. The review allows us to formulate a set of criteria to support improved research design in the future. These point to a strong need to develop further the methodology of studies on the relationship between environmental and economic performance. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment
Quantitative plasmid mixture analysis using the fluorogenic 5′‐nuclease polymerase chain reaction assay†
Authors: Director‐Myska Alison E. , Pogozelski Wendy K. , Lofts Richard S. , Prasanna Pataje G.S. , Hamel Christine J.C. , Blakely William F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe fluorogenic 5′‐nuclease polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay has been shown to be useful for quantifying a given DNA target in a sample. Here we show how an existing PCR protocol can be amended for quantification by incorporating distinctive dual‐labeled, sequence‐specific oligonucleotide probes and resulting in a two‐ to threefold broader and more reliable dynamic range than that of conventional end‐point analysis of PCR products. Moreover, we show a multiplex situation in which two targets, one normal and one mutated, can be amplified and quantified simultaneously and in the same reaction tube. Use of this novel approach for quantitative PCR applications eliminates the need for post‐PCR processing and has clinical‐ and research‐based diagnostic applications, particularly for measuring levels of mutations in a mixture. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 37:147–154, 2001 Published 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Just how does the cII selection system work in Muta™Mouse?
Authors: Swiger Roy R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe lambda CII protein is an essential component in the lytic vs. lysogeny decision a bacteriophage makes upon infection of a host at low temperatures. The protein interacts with numerous phage promoters modulating the expression of the CI repressor, thus providing the mechanism for lysogenization soon after infection. The Big Blue® and Muta™Mouse are two widely used in vivo mutational model systems. The assays rely on retrievable lambda‐based transgenes housing mutational targets (lacI or lacZ, respectively). The transgenes provide an elegant vehicle for the quantification of mutations sustained in virtually any tissue of the rodent. The use of the bacteriophage cII locus as an alternative, or additional mutational target for use with the Big Blue® rodent system was first reported by Jakubczak et al. ([1996]: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:9073–9078). More recently, this selection assay has been applied successfully to the Muta™Mouse (Swiger et al. [1999]: Environ Mol Mutagen 33:201–207). The use of an Hfl bacterial strain and low temperature allows the determination of mutations sustained at the cII locus in either system, with high fidelity. The cII selection assay in the Big Blue® relies on the presence of the lambda repressor protein CI. In contrast, the recombinant construct used to make the Muta™Mouse transgene lacks functional CI protein. Nevertheless, we report an excellent system for quantifying mutations at the cII locus in Muta™Mouse. Just how does cII selection work in the Muta™Mouse? Written in the context of lambda recombinant genetics, this paper explores the question further. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 37:290–296, 2001 © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Photoreactivation of ultraviolet radiation‐induced basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and the role of bFGF in corneal lesion formation in Monodelphis domestica
Authors: Ley Ronald D. , Miska Katarzyna B. , Kusewitt Donna F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractChronic ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure to the eyes of Monodelphis domestica causes corneal opacification, neovascularization, and fibrosarcoma induction. By immunohistochemistry and Western blotting, we have shown that one to four exposures of the eyes of this opossum to UVR enhances basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) expression by the corneal epithelium. Treatment with photoreactivating light, which selectively removes UVR‐induced pyrimidine dimers, suppresses bFGF induction, indicating that UVR induction of bFGF is ultimately due to DNA damage. Furthermore, UVR‐induced corneal tumors derived from corneal keratocytes express bFGF mRNA and protein, as determined by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Taken together, these findings suggest that bFGF acts in both an autocrine and a paracrine manner to stimulate corneal fibroplasia, neovascularization, and tumor development. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 38:175–179, 2001 © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Greener purchasing activities within UK local authorities
Authors: Warner Katherine E. , Ryall Colin 
Published: August 2002

AbstractGreener purchasing has a key role in reducing the negative environmental impacts of consumption by focusing on reducing procurement and selecting greener alternatives. Its application within local authorities is being driven by Local Agenda 21.A survey of 410 local authorities in England and Wales was used to establish the status of greener purchasing policies, assess methods used to implement such policies and evaluate the success of such policies. The rate of return was 44%, although the majority of questionnaires were not fully completed.It is apparent that many local authorities have integrated environmental considerations into purchasing policies. However, the majority of green purchasing policies were only rated as moderately successful, mainly due to the increased cost of greener products. It appears that local authorities are experiencing difficulties with implementation and maintenance of greener purchasing policies. Although limited guidance is available on greener purchasing, national guidance would be beneficial. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Environmental initiatives in South African wineries: a comparison between small and large wineries
Authors: Knowles Laura , Hill Richard 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper reports on an interview‐based survey of small and large wineries, which considered the perceptions and experiences of both ISO 14001 and an industry specific initiative, called the Integrated Production of Wine scheme (IPW). Large wineries have not yet implemented ISO 14001 but several intend to in future. Small wineries had a poor knowledge of ISO 14001 and believed that ISO management systems (i) are not required by the niche markets they sell to, (ii) require resources that they do not have and (iii) are unsuitable for their informal management style. Although wineries do face market‐related environmental pressure, especially those that export to large supermarkets, there is as yet no pressure to introduce ISO 14001. The majority of wineries are members of the IPW scheme and are willing to make the changes required by it. IPW needs effective systems for monitoring and for removing non‐complying wineries if the system is to improve environmental performance throughout the industry and achieve credibility amongst stakeholders. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.