bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Sketch of the Mob
Authors: North Joseph 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
‘Riots’ and ‘mobs’ are closely connected concepts. But do ‘mobs’ really exist as such? Some of us have our doubts. This chapter offers a brief history and analysis of the concept of the ‘mob’. The term first acquired its modern English meaning in the period of reaction following the English Revolution, and I suggest that it remains essentially antidemocratic in its dominant range of use even today. The discourse of the ‘mob’ has at least three parts. First, it conflates the prospect of popular sovereignty with the prospect of ‘mob rule’. Second, it ties these concerns to gender (the word originally meant ‘sex worker’). Third, it often involves fantasies about Indigenous violence. I propose that all three parts extend across the term’s history, offering examples from one of Thomas Hobbes’ frontispieces, Edmund Burke’s response to the French Revolution, responses to the #metoo movement, and the 2021 pro-Trump ‘Capitol Riots’. Finally I turn to the anomalous case of Australia, which is one of the only places in the English-speaking world where the term ‘mob’ has acquired a strongly positive meaning, especially among Indigenous peoples. To show the texture of this, I turn to Bundjalung/Australian writer Melissa Lucashenko, suggesting that if we want to unlearn the anti-democratic discourse of the ‘mob’, then an Indigenous, pro-democratic, and strongly positive use of the term might be just what we need.
Phantom Justice and Orwellian Violence
Authors: Leung Janny H. C. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter attempts to trace a literary movement in Hong Kong which began in 2019, closely following the social movement in 2019–2020 that ended with the imposition of the National Security Law (NSL). Through analysing selected publications, the chapter analyses the evolving legal consciousness in Hong Kong, especially with the passing of the NSL as a demarcation line. The chapter argues that these literary works serve as a testimony, as a way of redefining community, as cultural preservation, and as a method of practising freedom. They may be considered a literary response to the threat of erasure and to the reality of a new normal.
Elegiac Love and Death in Vergil's Aeneid
Authors: McCallum Sarah L. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Elegiac Love and Death in Vergil’s Aeneid poses new questions about Vergil’s pervasive engagement with elegy, both amatory and funerary, throughout his final epic endeavour. A foundational discussion of elegiac experimentation in the Eclogues, Georgics, and Aeneid 1–6 explores the aesthetic and conceptual development of destructive Vergilian amor (passion). The unique emphasis of subsequent chapters on the amatory and funerary elegiac dimensions of crucial episodes in Aeneid 7–12 illuminates the intergeneric character of Vergil’s martial maius opus. A detailed examination of the inter- and intratextual strands of pivotal moments in the Aeneid evinces Vergil’s intense engagement with literary predecessors and contemporaries, his evolving artistic vision, and his enduring influence on subsequent Roman poets. Each chapter of this volume enhances our understanding of the generic complexity of the Aeneid, presenting revisionary readings of key episodes and transformative interpretations of its main characters.
Introduction
Authors: McCallum Sarah L. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Introduction begins by explaining the aim, methodology, and scope of the volume and its examination of Vergilian experimentation with elegy in the Aeneid. A portrait of Vergil’s artistic milieu describes the profound influence of other ancient Greek and Roman authors and works on his conception of amor and his engagement with elegiac verse throughout his poetic career. A preliminary survey of Vergil’s elegiac experimentation in the Eclogues, Georgics, and Aeneid 1–6, including a close examination of illustrative passages, operates on three foundational levels: it specifies conventional elegiac language and motifs that are crucial to Vergil’s intergeneric interplay; it elucidates his tendency to utilize amatory and funerary elegiac elements to depict amor as a dangerous and destructive force; and it identifies pivotal inter- and intratextual comparanda that are returned to and expanded upon throughout the chapters that focus on Aeneid 7–12.
The evolution of domestic institutional restraints and additional expectations for IR
Authors: Grigorescu Alexandru V. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The chapter begins by following the evolution of domestic institutional restraints on power, starting with earliest ones, of the Middle Ages, primarily in England and France. It includes three subsections focusing on national courts, assemblies and parliaments, and government bureaucracies, respectively. It notes both institutions that led to the empowerment of bureaucracies and those intended to restrain their power. The main purpose of this first part of the chapter is to assess the plausibility of the arguments presented in chapter 2. It considers those referring to a) the nature of institutional restraints, b) the main groups and their support for restraints, and c) the evolution of such restraints. The historical narrative describing the evolution of domestic institutional restraints also leads to an additional (sixth) argument. The chapter concludes with a discussion explaining how the arguments regarding domestic institutional restraints on power are expected to play out in the international realm.
Digital Contact Tracing Applications (DCTAs)
Authors: Latheef Sahar 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Digital Contact Tracing Applications (DCTAs) can collect large amounts of personally identifiable information. The approach taken by public health officials in using DCTAs could impact individual rights such as autonomy and the right to informed consent. Approaches that lean towards mandatory use of DCTAs, could impact autonomy and informed consent more than other approaches. This chapter argues that given the state of emergency and extreme circumstances during a pandemic the scale of Covid-19, we ought to follow a public health ethics approach even if it impacts individual autonomy and informed consent to some extent, until such time when the risks are not as high and more information is available.
Giving God the Benefit of the Doubt
Authors: Byerly T. Ryan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter argues that giving God the benefit of the doubt by thanking, praising, or apologizing to God helps individuals with ambiguous evidence for God to grow in more general tendencies to give other people the benefit of the doubt in similar ways. It begins by conceptualizing the tendencies of thankfulness, praisefulness, and contrition, which involve tending to err on the side of giving others sincere and commensurate praise, thanks, or apology. These tendencies, it is argued, are virtuous, because they involve an acute and corrective sensitivity to personal relationship goods. The chapter then explains how people who praise, thank, or apologize to God when having ambiguous evidence for God act in accordance with these tendencies. And it is argued that by so doing, they grow in these tendencies—either strengthening them or preventing their atrophy.
Leaving England
Authors: Luthman Johanna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Roos’s troubles with his wife, his in-laws, and his own family led him to flee England in secret, sending a challenge to a duel to his brother-in-law that he did not intend to honor. Traveling in disguise, he eventually made it to Italy. His flight caused consternation at home. His in-laws were outraged at these actions, abandoning his wife and responsibilities at home. His own family were disappointed and troubled that he would leave England without a royal license, which was viewed as potential sedition. They also worried he might convert to Catholicism. The chapter discusses the laws and requirements around travel, ideas, practices, and politics regarding dueling, the political and religious climate in England and in Europe, and the network of informants and flow of information available to members of the Jacobean court and their agents and ambassadors in Europe. The primary sources consist of diplomatic letter collections, especially the letters to and from William Trumbull, English agent at Brussels, and Sir Dudley Carleton, English ambassador at The Hague.
The Political Seesaw
Authors: Luthman Johanna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The chapter describes the political tensions and events during the summer and fall of 1618. Lake’s longtime political patron, the earl of Suffolk, got into trouble with the king. The earl of Suffolk served as Lord Treasurer, but he and his wife were accused of outsized graft. When Lake tried to warn the Suffolks, he angered the king and was told to absent himself from court. This crisis for Lake occurred at the same time as the Star Chamber court cases began. After further investigation, Suffolk was removed from his post. Lake hoped to be restored before the conclusion of the court cases, and rumors to that effect circulated throughout the summer and fall. Sir Walter Raleigh had returned disgraced from his latest American voyage, having attacked Spanish positions when expressly ordered not to do so. An outraged Spain demanded the popular Raleigh punished and he was executed. Anti-Spanish sentiments flourished, making the political climate more difficult for the Spain-friendly Lake. The Star Chamber trials were delayed, and the king decided that he would sit as a judge. The whole fall of 1618, court observers were looking for signs to see if Lake might be restored, or if he would fall. The collection of witness testimonies became more frantic, as the countess of Exeter tried to establish contact with the elusive Diego da Silva, Roos’s Spanish servant who had inherited Roos’s foreign goods.
Fallout
Authors: Luthman Johanna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Lakes, Lady Roos, and their servant Sara Swarton were all imprisoned separately. Lake immediately set about trying to convince the king to lessen the punishment, which did not work. James had been informed that English Catholic exiles had been praying for a Lake victory, since they thought he would be friendly toward the Catholic cause in England. To ensure that no one would think him biased, James ordered further investigations into the Lake and Lady Roos’s frauds. Lady Lake and Lady Roos became targets of accusations and rumors of sexual misconduct, including incest, both in letters and in scurrilous libels. Others believed that their lies made them morally corrupt. Lady Roos made further confessions about the fraudulent documents. By June, the Lakes and Lady Roos were supposed to formally submit their confessions in the court of Star Chamber. Because Lady Roos had confessed further, the king allowed her to submit in writing, rather than in person. Lady Roos and Swarton were both released. Lake and his wife refused to submit, and continued imprisoned. By late summer, the king relented toward Lake and allowed him to be released on bond. The sources for this chapter consists of letters of courtiers and court observers.
Submissions and Restoration?
Authors: Luthman Johanna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Lake’s situation continued to improve. The king allowed Lake to remain free, and seemed willing to allow him to provide his submission in writing. The countess of Exeter insisted on a submission in person, however. A curious incident occurred, where a man accused the countess of Exeter of having consulted a practitioner of magic to influence the king in her favor. The man was questioned under torture. After Lake submitted in Star Chamber, he seemed poised to return to the king’s favor, with the help of the Spanish ambassador Gondomar, who had returned to England to negotiate a Spanish match for Prince Charles. Lady Lake stubbornly refused to submit, however, and wrote a letter to the countess of Exeter, accusing her of not admitting her own guilt. Lady Lake’s stubborn refusal did not help her husband’s cause: despite positive signs, Lake was never restored to the king’s favor and service.
Transformations in occult protection amid violence in the Central African Republic
Authors: Lombard Louisa , Kozaga Mobito 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
While there has been extensive attention to the ways occult practice is part of wartime combatants’ professional repertoires, there has been less consideration of the ways that people who are not professional combatants delve into the realm of the occult for their own protection. The Central African Republic is a particularly good case for exploring those occult practices because popular participation in protection, fighting, and occult practice has been widespread, particularly during the country’s ‘crisis’, as the sporadic violent conflicts since 2013 are known. More people are seeking occult modes of protection than before, and more people are offering services as purveyors of this knowledge. This chapter identifies two main tendencies in this popularization of occult protection: young men departing from their families and joining with others at specific sites where occult knowledge can be gained; and travelling salespeople who peddle forms of occult protection for anyone willing to pay. The chapter shows how these tendencies build on but reshape historical practices of occult agency. Gaining and seeking occult knowledge as a protection strategy has a range of observable effects. However, those effects are variable and can change over time. Non-observable (occult) effects are even slipperier to document. Occult practice is central to civilians’ protective agency during war, but one must be cautious in generalizing about its status or effects.
The Priest Who Invited Greene
Authors: Villar Flor Carlos 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter gives a biographical sketch of the university professor and Catholic priest Leopoldo Durán, from his birth in 1917 until his first meeting with the writer in August 1975, providing yet unpublished information about the man who became one of Greene’s closest friends in his later years. Special attention is given to the process that led Durán to ask for a canonical leave from his priestly duties and dedicate himself to academic research on Greene’s work and to establish an epistolary relationship with the writer since 1964, which would lead to a personal meeting in 1975 and the subsequent beginning of the travelling tradition from July 1976 onwards.
The Years of Friendship with Greene (1976–91)
Authors: Villar Flor Carlos 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As a continuation of the profile of Leopoldo Durán begun in Chapter 1, this chapter summarizes the most relevant events in his life between 1976 and 1991, the years in which he was regarded by Graham Greene as one of his closest friends. Given the special relationship between the two, most of the events related to Durán’s life are somehow connected to his writer friend. Thus, details are provided of Durán’s ten visits to Greene at his home in Antibes, which were carried out between 1979 and 1989. The events surrounding the making of Monsignor Quixote and the development of the television adaptation are also reconstructed, especially those aspects that were not mentioned during the narrative of Greene’s trips around the Peninsula because they occurred elsewhere or at other times.
The Final Years of Leopoldo Durán
Authors: Villar Flor Carlos 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In continuity with Chapters 1 and 3, this chapter completes Durán’s biographical profile by adding some relevant events from his later years of life, between 1991 and 2008. As happened in the previous chapters, many of these episodes are related to Greene, such as the publication history of other critical studies on the author (not without controversy), the attempt to sell his legacy of Greenean manuscripts to American academic institutions, or the project to create the Graham Greene Library in the Osera monastery. In addition to the biography, this chapter completes an outline of the psychological profile of the man who became Greene’s friend in the eleventh hour and the model for the creation of his last memorable protagonist, the monsignor descendant of Don Quixote.
Conclusions
Authors: Villar Flor Carlos 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This final chapter reflects on some of the aspects developed in those preceding it and, in the light of various documentary evidence, ventures a hypothesis that links the beginning of Greene’s travelling tradition around the Peninsula with his role as an informant within the British Secret Service. However, in light of the testimonies collected throughout this book, the growing intimacy with Durán can be certainly considered a key factor in the consolidation of that tradition. Added to this was the creative inspiration to write Monsignor Quixote based on his Spanish friend and set in the post-Franco Spain. Thus, if the making of the novel occupied much of the interest of Greene’s trips between 1977 and 1981, its effects continued to be felt in subsequent years, as in the two invitations to the Marqués de Murrieta winery in 1983 and 1987 and the filming of the television adaptation in the spring of 1985.
The politics of dominating Addis Ababa, 2005–18
Authors: Gebremariam Eyob Balcha 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
After surviving a major electoral challenge in 2005, the Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) remained the dominant political force in Addis Ababa for a considerable time. This chapter explores how the EPRDF succeeded in dominating socio-economic and political spheres in Addis Ababa until the party’s demise in 2018. It argues that three interrelated strategies enabled the EPRDF to dominate and govern Addis Ababa from 2005 to 2018. The first overarching strategy was the use of a legitimizing discourse of developmentalism, deployed to generate acquiescence and legitimacy among the public. The second strategy was politically inspired legal manoeuvring, which helped the EPRDF to shape and reshape formal and informal channels of governance and control for the ruling coalition. The third strategy involved various forms of co-optation, including both ‘passive co-optation’ and ‘co-operative empowerment’, as well as ‘coercive distribution’. These dynamics are explored empirically through the role of Urban Consumers’ Cooperatives and youth employment programmes.
Conclusions
Authors: Goodfellow Tom , Jackman David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter concludes the volume by drawing together findings from the comparative analysis of our cases and considering some of their implications. We explore, in turn: the position of capital cities in variable geographies of dominance; the role of spaces, institutions, and coalitions in strategies for urban control; the ways in which dominance can be co-constituted by elites and urban populations; the limits of repression and the question of when generative strategies come to the fore; the distinction between ‘persistent’ versus ‘episodic’ strategies of dominance; the varying effects of external versus intra-coalitional threats to dominance; and the factors that overall appear to favour more developmental outcomes in the pursuit of urban dominance. Following this, we conclude and reflect on the broader implications of these findings in the context of urbanization alongside rising authoritarianism worldwide, and the challenges they pose to ideas and practices of ‘development’.
Innovate, Adapt, or Go Extinct
Authors: Velarde Gissel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The second chapter tells how some fortunes were made in the past and how some fortunes are made today thanks to luck, technology, and innovation. It tells the stories of some of the most thriving tech companies from their beginnings in garages, student residencies, or small apartments. It also analyzes features that differentiate them from the competition. At the same time, it revisits case studies of big companies that fade out. It explains why several countries are adapting Artificial Intelligence strategies and the fundamental pillars of those strategies. The chapter presents how companies and startups can acquire Artificial Intelligence in their operations and what are the minimum requirements for those projects. Moreover, it reviews the characteristics of technological ventures that make a startup successful in attracting capital. Finally, the chapter points out considerations for developing Artificial Intelligence projects and what factors have been observed on high-performance teams.
The ‘Gappiness Problem’ in Moral Psychology and the Relevance of Phronesis
Authors: Kristjánsson Kristján , Fowers Blaine J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter has two aims. First, to offer a critical review of the literature on two well-known single-component solutions to the proverbial problem of a gap between moral knowledge and moral action: moral identity and moral emotions. Second, to take seriously the suggestion that the development of phronesis bridges the gap in question. The idea of a neo-Aristotelian multicomponent solution to the ‘gappiness problem’ invites comparisons with another multicomponent candidate, the neo-Kohlbergian four-component model, with which it shares at least surface similarities. Some space is thus devoted to the proposed theoretical uniqueness of a phronesis-based multicomponent model vis-à-vis the neo-Kohlbergian one. The main conclusion is that—remaining weaknesses in its developmental psychological grounding notwithstanding—the conceptualization of the neo-Aristotelian model in the last three chapters holds significant promise of solving the ‘gappiness problem’. However, this can only be ascertained through empirical research.
A New Measure of Phronesis
Authors: Kristjánsson Kristján , Fowers Blaine J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter describes two empirical ‘proof of concept’ studies (one conducted with an adult sample and the other with an adolescent sample) that evaluated our new neo-Aristotelian phronesis model via a newly designed phronesis assessment battery. The studies investigated whether the proposed phronesis model is an empirically tractable model for future investigations of wise decisions and actions. In both pilot studies, the hypothesized phronesis model fitted the data well. The studies used the best available, validated measures in empirical Moral Psychology to approximate the components of the phronesis model. These measures structurally related to the predicted latent components very well. Most importantly, the latent components were found to be structurally related to a predicted second-order latent phronesis variable and, promisingly, this variable was strongly associated with the prosocial behaviour variable. Finally, some implications of these findings are elicited, and future research steps are charted.
Phronesis and the Civic Virtues
Authors: Kristjánsson Kristján , Fowers Blaine J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
While there is renewed interest in phronesis in educational circles, phronesis is almost exclusively discussed in the context of adjudicating between conflicting moral virtues, not between civic virtues. Educationally, phronesis is rarely invoked in the literature on Civic Education. More generally, the relationship between Character Education and Civic Education continues to be marked by a tension, although both forms tend to draw on Aristotle’s corpus. The initial aim of this chapter is to unpack the association between the civic and the moral (characterological) in Aristotle’s writings. The chapter delineates different kinds of primacy in Aristotelian Virtue Ethics and shows how the civic is (teleo)logically prior to the moral, while secondary in a developmental and analytical sense. Moreover, four levels of civic virtue are identified. The ultimate aim of the chapter is to shed light on the relationship between phronesis and the civic virtues: a hitherto underdeveloped topic.