bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health beliefs and communication in the travel clinic consultation as predictors of adherence to malaria chemoprophylaxis
Authors: Farquharson Lorna , Noble Lorraine M. , Barker Chris , Behrens Ron H. 
Published: May 2004

Objectives: The objectives were, first, to determine whether adherence to malaria prophylaxis could be predicted by (i) health beliefs specified by the Health Belief Model and the Theory of Planned Behaviour, and (ii) communication during the consultation in a travel clinic; and secondly, to examine the impact of the consultation in changing travellers' health beliefs.Design: A prospective study using regression analysis.Methods: The participants were 130 consecutive travellers attending a travel medicine clinic. Health beliefs were measured pre‐ and post‐consultation. The consultations were coded from audiotape using the Roter Interaction Analysis System and a content analysis method recording discussion about malaria and prophylaxis. Adherence was assessed by a follow‐up telephone interview.Results: Perceived susceptibility to malaria, perceived benefits of medication and intentions to adhere increased significantly as a result of the consultation, and the perceived permanent nature of side effects reduced significantly. At follow‐up (N = 107), 62% reported full adherence, 25% partial adherence and 12% poor/no adherence. A multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that perceived benefits of medication, length of stay, health professional discussion about adherence and travellers' questions and statements independently predicted reported adherence.Conclusions: Health beliefs and communication significantly predicted adherence in this setting. The findings also suggested qualitative differences between travellers who adhered fully, partially or poorly. Although the clinic consultation had a positive impact, emphasizing benefits of medication and resolving potential barriers to adherence could improve adherence in the population.
Using the IPQ and PMDI to predict regular diabetes care‐seeking among patients with Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Lawson Valerie L. , Bundy Christine , Lyne Patricia A. , Harvey John N. 
Published: May 2004

Objectives: The objectives were, first, to identify factors associated with regular diabetes care‐seeking and, second, to compare the performance of the Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ) and a modified version of the Personal Models of Diabetes Interview (PMDI) in predicting care‐seeking.Method: This was a cross‐sectional study involving 42 patients who had not attended hospital diabetes clinic for a period of 18 months or more and 42 matched controls receiving specialist care. Differences in illness representations between clinic attenders and non‐attenders were examined. Due to the variability in care‐seeking between non‐attenders (ranging from no contact with health professionals to regular general practitioners care), participants were then reclassified for further analyses into those receiving regular care from either hospital diabetes clinic or general practice (n = 52) and those receiving no regular care (n = 32).Results: Patients not seeking regular care held more negative views of the control, course and consequences of diabetes than those who received regular care. Regression analyses showed that the most important construct was treatment effectiveness. Treatment effectiveness (PMDI) and control (IPQ) dimensions were associated with clinic attendance. PMDI constructs of treatment effectiveness, threat and worries were associated with regular care‐seeking.Conclusions: IPQ and PMDI results were generally consistent. In order to understand diabetes care‐seeking behaviour it is important to measure beliefs about the benefits of treatment recommendations in addition to those of the disease itself. Emotional and cognitive responses to diabetes should be assessed.
Deciding to exercise: The role of anticipated regret
Authors: Abraham Charles , Sheeran Paschal 
Published: May 2004

Objectives: Two studies tested (a) whether anticipated regret (AR) qualifies as an additional predictor of intentions to engage in a health‐enhancing behaviour (exercise) after variables from the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and past behaviour have been controlled, and (b) whether a manipulation that induces participants to focus on AR causes stronger intentions to exercise.Design: Study 1 employed a cross‐sectional questionnaire design; Study 2 employed a between‐participants experimental design (AR focus vs. no AR focus).Method: Participants (N = 385) completed standard, multi‐item, reliable measures of TPB constructs and AR and also reported their past behaviour (Study 1). Participants in Study 2 (N = 70) completed measures of AR and intention; salience of AR was manipulated by means of item order.Results: Study 1 showed that even though TPB variables and past behaviour were reliable predictors of intention, and explained 51% of the variance, AR contributed a substantial increment in the variance (5%) even after these predictors had been taken into account. Study 2 showed that participants who were induced to focus on AR prior to intention formation had significantly stronger intentions to exercise compared to controls.Conclusion: The findings indicate that AR predicts a health‐enhancing behaviour (as well as the health‐risk behaviours examined in previous research) and that effects of AR are independent of TPB variables and past behaviour. The findings also indicate that a simple and inexpensive manipulation of the salience of AR can be used to promote exercise intentions.
Lack of age‐related increase in average glycemia in a non‐Westernized sample of rural Yucatec Maya females
Authors: McLorg Penelope A. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractAge‐related decline in glucose processing and the associated progressively higher circulating glucose levels are considered well‐established biological aging phenomena. However, their occurrence in non‐Westernized populations characterized by less mechanization and dietary processing has not been well‐studied. This research extends evaluation of lifestyle conditions of diet and physical activity beyond those of Westernized areas and examines aging patterns in blood glucose among rural Yucatec Maya. The purpose is to investigate whether deteriorating glucose processing is intrinsic to human aging, while controlling for body composition in a non‐Westernized setting. Data were gathered from 60 nondiabetic Maya women, 40–85 years of age, living in 16 rural villages around Mérida, Yucatán. Information regarding personal history, diet, and physical activity was collected through interviews. Body composition was assessed through anthropometric and derived indicators of body size, fat distribution, body mass index, intra‐abdominal fat, and total fat and fat‐free masses. Glycemia was measured through microvenous samples analyzed for glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fructosamine, to demonstrate average circulating glucose under customary living conditions. As indicated by glycation, average glycemia is not higher in older Maya females (age group F for HbA1c= 0.88,P> 0.05; age group F for fructosamine = 0.38,P> 0.05). Further, correlations between age and HbA1c(r = −0.13,P> 0.05) and fructosamine (r = −0.10,P> 0.05) are negative and not significant. The absence of significant, positive age associations with HbA1cand fructosamine persists when effects of body composition are taken into account. Thus, decline in glucose regulation does not appear to be a feature of aging in this non‐Westernized sample, suggesting that age‐related deterioration in glucose processing is not universal among human populations. Results suggest that relationships of age with glycemia are linked to lifestyle differences. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effects of varied imidization conditions on rubbed polyimide film surface morphology
Authors: Devlin C. L. H. , Chiang S. , Russell T. P. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe thermal histories of polyimide films were varied to study the effect of the extent of imidization on the response of films to rubbing. Films rubbed prior to imidization formed tears that extended to the substrate; tears in these films formed at smaller film thicknesses than in films imidized prior to rubbing. Aligned nanoscopic islands were also seen. The alignment of these islands disappeared upon imidization. Films imidized at a low temperature showed less alignment of islands than conventionally prepared films. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 1192–1197, 2004
Nonlinear stress relaxation in palladium(II) complexes with triblock copolymers of styrene and butadiene
Authors: Das Pronab K. , Belfiore Laurence A. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractAbove 200% strain, the mechanical response of triblock copolymers which contain styrene and butadiene is modified significantly by complexation with dichlorobis(acetonitrile)palladium(II). This pseudosquare‐planar transition metal salt forms π‐complexes with, and catalyzes the dimerization of, alkene groups in the main chain and the side group of Kraton's butadiene midblock. Between 10 and 100% strain, the plastic flow regime is similar for undiluted Kraton™ and its Pd2+ complexes, but the level of engineering stress is approximately twofold larger for the complex that contains 4 mol % palladium(II) [Pd(II)]. Nonlinear stress relaxation measurements in the plastic flow regime (i.e., beyond the yield point but before the large upturn in stress) are analyzed at several different levels of strain. Transient relaxation moduli were modeled by a three‐parameter biexponential decay with two viscoelastic time constants. The longer relaxation time for Kraton™ increases at higher strain, and in the presence of 4 mol % palladium chloride. A phenomenological model is proposed to describe the effect of strain on relaxation times. This model is consistent with the fact that greater length scales are required for cooperative segmental reorganization at larger strain. The resistance Ω to conformational reorganization during stress relaxation is estimated via integration of the normalized relaxation modulus versus time data. This resistance increases at higher initial jump strain because conformational rearrangements are influenced strongly by knots and entanglements at larger strain. The effect of strain on Ω is analyzed in terms of time‐strain separability of the relaxation modulus. Linear behavior is observed for Ω versus inverse strain (i.e., 1/ε), and the magnitude of the slope [i.e., −dΩ/d(1/ε)] is threefold larger in the absence of PdCl2(CH3CN)2. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 1329–1336, 2004
Preparation of antimicrobial sutures by preirradiation grafting of acrylonitrile onto polypropylene monofilament. II. Mechanical, physical, and thermal characteristics
Authors: Jain Rachna , Gupta Bhuvanesh , Anjum Nishat , Revagade Nilesh , Singh Harpal 
Published: May 2004

AbstractPolypropylene‐g‐polyacrylonitrile sutures were prepared by graft polymerization of acrylonitrile onto polypropylene monofilament by preirradiation method. Sutures with various graft levels were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Density, Birefriengence, X‐ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Mechanical properties of the unmodified and grafted sutures were also evaluated. The physical characteristics of sutures were markedly affected by the graft levels. Density of the polypropylene sutures increased with an increased in the degree of grafting. The heat of fusion and heat of crystallization decreased with the increase in the degree of grafting. X‐ray diffraction also revealed decrease in crystallinity with the increase in the graft levels. Tenacity of the monofilament improved, whereas the elongation at break decreased in grafted samples. Scanning electron microscopy showed significant variation in surface morphology in the grafted samples. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 1224–1229, 2004
Studies on the effect of titanate coupling agent (2.0%) on the mechanical properties of flyash‐filled polybutadiene rubber
Authors: Alkadasi Nabil A. N. , Sarwade Bhimrao D. , Hundiwale D. G. , Kapadi U. R. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractFlyash, a waste product of thermal power stations, generated in huge quantities, has been posing problems of disposal. Attempts have been made for its utilization as a filler in elastomers and plastics; however, it has been established that untreated flyash does not at all contribute in enhancing mechanical properties of composites. The purpose of this work was to make meaningful utilization of flyash as a filler, by treating it with a titanate coupling agent and to use it as a filler in PBR. The properties under consideration were tensile strength, modulus at 100 and 400%, Young's modulus, hardness, etc. Composites were made with varying proportion of untreated and treated flyash. A two‐roll mill was used for dispersing the filler in the rubber, and a compression‐molding technique was used to cure the compound in sheet form. Tensile properties were measured on a computerized UTM using an ASTM procedure. Comparison of properties of composites filled with treated and untreated flyash established that treatment of flyash imparts better reinforcing properties. Tensile strength was improved by 50%, while modulus at 400% was improved by 400%. Similarly, Young's modulus also was improved by 209%. The Titanate‐coupling agent used here has promoted adhesion between flyash and the PBR. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 1293–1298, 2004
Polymeric phase change composites for thermal energy storage
Authors: Peng Shuo , Fuchs Alan , Wirtz R. A. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThis article describes a group of thermal energy storage (TES) composites that combine TES and structural functionality. The composites are encapsulations of low melt temperature phase change materials (PCM) such as paraffin waxes in polymer matrices. Room temperature cured bisphenol‐A epoxy and styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene (SEBS) polymers are chosen as matrix materials because of their excellent chemical and mechanical properties. The polymeric network structure in the composite encapsulates the PCMs, which transform from the solid to the liquid phase. The PCMs provide the energy storage function via the solid–liquid latent heat effect. The resulting composite exhibits dry‐phase transition in the sense that fluid motion of the PCM, when in the liquid phase, is inhibited by the structure of the polymer matrix. The polymer matrix is formulated to provide structural functionality. The latent heat, thermal conductivity and contact conductance, and structural moduli of composites having various PCM‐to‐matrix volume fractions are measured. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 1240–1251, 2004
Thermal degradation of ternary blends of poly(ε‐caprolactone)/poly(vinyl acetate)/poly(vinyl chloride)
Authors: Sivalingam G. , Madras Giridhar 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe thermal degradation of ternary blends of poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL), poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAC), and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) was studied using a thermogravimetry analyzer under dynamic heating in flowing nitrogen atmosphere. PCL degraded in a single stage, whereas the PVAC and PVC degraded in two stages during which acid is released in the first stage followed by backbone breakage in the second stage. The addition of PVC to either PCL or PVAC affected the thermal stability of the blend, whereas the addition of PVAC to PCL did not alter the thermal stability of the blend. In ternary blends, the addition of PVC affected the degradation of PVAC but did not influence the degradation of PCL in the range investigated. The increased addition of PCL to the binary blends of PVC/PVAC decreased the extent of thermal instability of PVAC because of the addition of PVC. The addition of even 10% PVAC to the PCL/PVC blend removed the thermal instability of PCL resulting from the addition of PVC and can be attributed to the ease of chlorine or hydrogen chloride capture of PVAC over PCL. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 1378–1383, 2004
Simplified method for estimation of composition of alginates by FTIR
Authors: Sakugawa Keiju , Ikeda Atsushi , Takemura Akio , Ono Hirokuni 
Published: May 2004

AbstractA modified method of preparing highly purified polymannuronic acid and polyguluronic acid was developed wherein acid hydrolysis was carried out using oxalic acid and separation was made using the difference of solubility with pH value. The simplified method using FTIR measurement to estimate the M/G ratio of alginate was investigated using Ca or Mn salts of alginate. The developed method appears to offer enhanced accuracy compared to that of previous techniques. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 1372–1377, 2004
The Structural Role of the Triflate Anion in the Non‐Covalent Silver Polymer [Ag(LOH)2(CF3SO3)(CH3CN)] {LOH = α‐(4‐Pyridyl)benzhydrol}
Authors: Bacchi Alessia , Bosetti Elsa , Carcelli Mauro , Pelagatti Paolo , Rogolino Dominga 
Published: May 2004

AbstractAg(CF3SO3) was reacted with the ligand α‐(4‐pyridyl)benzhydrol (LOH) in order to build a mixed organic/inorganic analogue of wheel‐and‐axle diols. In the resulting [Ag(LOH)2(CF3SO3)(CH3CN)] complex, the metal is four‐coordinate, with two pyridines trans each other and a triflate and an acetonitrile group completing a sawhorse geometry. The main structural motif is based on the strongest and most directional tectons, the coordination bond Ag−O and the hydrogen bonds −OH···O−S−O···HO−. Secondly, the sixfold phenyl embrace, CH3···π, CH3···CF3 and Ag···F tectons also direct the crystal assembly. A new synthon originating from the combination of the S−O···HO−, the π···CH3 and the CH3···CF3 individual tectons is identified. The structural roles of the anion and of the solvent are discussed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Regioselective Functionalization of Tetrabromophenanthroline−Ruthenium Complexes
Authors: Rau Sven , Fischer Reinald , Jäger Michael , Schäfer Bernhard , Meyer Susann , Kreisel Günter , Görls Helmar , Rudolf Manfred , Henry William , Vos Johannes G. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractStructural, photophysical and photochemical characterization and reactivity of a novel polypyridyl ruthenium complex based on 3,5,6,8‐tetrabromophenanthroline are discussed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Cover Picture: Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of Bi(Bi9)[NbCl6]3, a New Member of the Structure Family Bi(Bi9)[MX6]3, and the Crystal Structure of Bi8[Ta2O2Br7]2 (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 10/2004)
Authors: Beck Johannes , Hilbert Tobias 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe cover picture shows the characteristic crystal form of elemental bismuth in the background and a perspective view of the crystal structure Bi(Bi9)[NbCl6]3 containing three‐capped trigonal prismatic Bi95+ clusters. The Bi+ cations in the channels made up of the octahedral halometalate anions are disordered and can be treated in different ways in the crystallographic description. A remarkable feature of the compound is the paramagnetic behaviour, which shows the presence of Nb in the less common oxidation state +IV. Details are discussed in the article by J. Beck and T. Hilbert on p. 2019 ff.
Obesity in children – facts and fallacies
Authors: Campbell Ian W. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractObesity is now recognised as the most prevalent nutritional disorder affecting children. Prevalence rates across Europe have increased sharply in the past decade and the consequences of this are increasingly clear with type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidaemia and hypertension now affecting children in growing numbers. The causes of this modern epidemic are many and involve complex genetic and environmental factors and the traditional view of obesity as a product of laziness and greed is increasingly being challenged. Whatever the causes, prevention and treatment need to be considered with urgency. While personal and parental responsibility remain crucial, it also falls to government to help control powerful environmental pressures which are leading our children into premature ill‐health and mortality. Equally health professionals are increasingly recognising that they have a significant role to play in delivering medical treatment of obesity in children. Successful treatment requires a greater understanding of obesity, causes, and consequences, and of the particular style of approach that is required for children, and their families. The role of weight loss medication remains unclear, but is being examined seriously, such is the need for effective treatment strategies to minimise the incidence and severity of co‐morbid disease. Inaction at any level can no longer be considered a viable option.
A convection–diffusion CFD model for aeolian particle transport
Authors: Ji S. B. , Gerber A. G. , Sousa A. C. M. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractA convection–diffusion mixture model for estimating particle transport along loose surfaces, which can be incorporated within the framework of a computational‐fluid‐dynamics (CFD) solution, is presented. In consideration of the particle behaviour of saltation and suspension in wind tunnel tests, the particle flow is described by the basic parameters controlled by the surface shear stress and particle size. This description is used to derive a surface entrainment rate, and effective near‐wall saltation diffusion coefficient applied in mixture models of two‐phase flow. The derivation leads to equations that provide, based on a specified surface shear stress and particle size, an appropriately scaled estimation of the particle entrainment into the flow. Validation has been conducted against air–sand and air–coal systems where experimental and numerical predictions are available for comparison. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling of a single drop impact onto liquid film using particle method
Authors: Xie Heng , Koshizuka Seiichi , Oka Yoshiaki 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe process of single liquid drop impact on thin liquid surface is numerically simulated with moving particle semi‐implicit method. The mathematical model involves gravity, viscosity and surface tension. The model is validated by the simulation of the experimental cases. It is found that the dynamic processes after impact are sensitive to the liquid pool depth and the initial drop velocity. In the cases that the initial drop velocity is low, the drop will be merged with the liquid pool and no big splash is seen. If the initial drop velocity is high enough, the dynamic process depends on the liquid depth. If the liquid film is very thin, a bowl‐shaped thin crown is formed immediately after the impact. The total crown subsequently expands outward and breaks into many tiny droplets. When the thickness of the liquid film increases, the direction of the liquid crown becomes normal to the surface and the crown propagates outward. It is also found that the radius of the crown is described by a square function of time: rC = [c(t − t0)]0.5. When the liquid film is thick enough, a crown and a deep cavity inside it are formed shortly after the impact. The bottom of the cavity is initially oblate and then the base grows downward to form a sharp corner and subsequently the corner moves downward. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.