bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting Hand Movements With Distributional Semantics: Evidence From Mouse‐Tracking
Authors: Gatti Daniele , Marelli Marco , Rinaldi Luca 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAlthough mouse‐tracking has been taken as a real‐time window on different aspects of human decision‐making processes, whether purely semantic information affects response conflict at the level of motor output as measured through mouse movements is still unknown. Here, across two experiments, we investigated the effects of semantic knowledge by predicting participants’ performance in a standard keyboard task and in a mouse‐tracking task through distributional semantics, a usage‐based modeling approach to meaning. In Experiment 1, participants were shown word pairs and were required to perform a two‐alternative forced choice task selecting either the more abstract or the more concrete word, using standard keyboard presses. In Experiment 2, participants performed the same task, yet this time response selection was achieved by moving the computer mouse. Results showed that the involvement of semantic components in the task at hand is observable using both standard reaction times (Experiment 1) as well as using indexes extracted from mouse trajectories (Experiment 2). In particular, mouse trajectories reflected the response conflict and its temporal evolution, with a larger deviation for increasing word semantic relatedness. These findings support the validity of mouse‐tracking as a method to detect deep and implicit decision‐making features. Additionally, by demonstrating that a usage‐based model of meaning can account for the different degrees of cognitive conflict associated with task achievement, these findings testify the impact of the human semantic memory on decision‐making processes.
Thought Experiments as an Error Detection and Correction Tool
Authors: Bascandziev Igor 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe ability to recognize and correct errors in one's explanatory understanding is critically important for learning. However, little is known about the mechanisms that determine when and under what circumstances errors are detected and how they are corrected. The present study investigated thought experiments as a potential tool that can reveal errors and trigger belief revision in the service of error correction. Across two experiments, 1149 participants engaged in reasoning about force and motion (a domain with well‐documented misconceptions) in a pre‐training—training—post‐training design. The two experiments manipulated the type of mental model manipulated in the thought experiments (i.e., whether participants reasoned about forces acting on their own bodies vs. on external objects), as well as the level of relational and argumentative reasoning about the outcomes of the thought experiments. The results showed that: (i) thought experiments can serve as a tool to elicit inconsistencies in one's representations; (ii) the level of relational and argumentative reasoning determines the level of belief revision in the service of error correction; and (iii) the type of mental model manipulated in a thought experiment determines its outcome and its potential to initiate belief revision. Thought experiments can serve as a valuable teaching and learning tool, and they can help us better understand the nature of error detection and correction systems.
When Good Intention Goes Away: Social Feedback Modulates the Influence of Outcome Valence on Temporal Binding
Authors: Chen Yunyun , He Hong , Zou Xintong , Zhang Xuemin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe retrospective view of temporal binding (TB), the temporal contraction between one's actions and their effects, proposes that TB is influenced by what happens after the action. However, the role of the interaction between multiple sources of information following the action in the formation of TB has received limited attention. The current study aims to address this gap by investigating the combined influence of social feedback and outcome valence (i.e., positive or negative outcomes) on TB. In Experiment 1, the valenced outcome was followed by either positive or negative social feedback. The results showed that negative social feedback enlarged the difference between TB over negative and positive outcomes relative to positive social feedback. The modulatory effect of social feedback on TB was not observed in the absence of causal beliefs between actions and outcomes (Experiment 2). These results highlight the importance of considering the complex interplay between cognitive, emotional, and social factors in shaping our subjective temporal experience.
Cutaneous balloon‐cell melanoma metastases to the axillary lymph node: Exploring cytomorphologic features and differential diagnoses on fine needle aspiration biopsy
Authors: Shaker Nada , Li Zaibo , Bamporiki Judith , Sangueza Omar P. , Abid Abdul 
Published: January 2024

Balloon cell melanoma (BCM) is an exceptionally uncommon histological variant, making up <1% of all malignant melanomas. Diagnosing balloon cell melanoma on cytological specimens can be challenging due to its scarcity and its similarity to other medical conditions. A comprehensive clinical assessment and histological analysis, coupled with immunohistochemical staining, play a crucial role in distinguishing balloon cell melanoma from various benign and malignant skin conditions. The differential diagnoses encompass spitz nevus, balloon cell nevus, clear cell sarcoma of tendons and aponeuroses (melanoma of soft tissues), metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma, sebaceous carcinoma, and benign adnexal tumours like clear cell hidradenoma.Malignant melanoma encompasses a spectrum of histopathological subtypes, each with unique clinical and cytological characteristics. Notably, balloon‐cell melanoma (BCM) emerges as an exceptionally rare and diagnostically challenging variant. Marked by the presence of distinct balloon‐like, clear cytoplasmic vacuoles within melanoma cells, BCM stands apart from other melanoma subtypes. Despite its rarity, the distinctive cytological features of BCM make it a compelling subject of investigation, emphasizing the crucial role of Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) cytology in ensuring accurate diagnosis and guiding subsequent management decisions.
A genomic predictor for age at sexual maturity for mammalian species
Authors: Heydenrych Matthew J. , Budd Alyssa M. , Mayne Benjamin , Jarman Simon 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAge at sexual maturity is a key life history trait that can be used to predict population growth rates and develop life history models. In many wild animal species, the age at sexual maturity is not accurately quantified. This results in a reduced ability to accurately model demography of wild populations. Recent studies have indicated the potential for CpG density within gene promoters to be predictive of other life history traits, specifically maximum lifespan. Here, we have developed a machine learning model using gene promoter CpG density to predict the mean age at sexual maturity in mammalian species. In total, 91 genomes were used to identify 101 unique gene promoters predictive of age at sexual maturity across males and females. We found these gene promoters to be most predictive of age at sexual maturity in females (R2 = 0.881) compared to males (R2 = 0.758). The median absolute error rate was also found to be lower in females (0.427 years) compared to males (0.785 years). This model provides a novel method for species‐level age at sexual maturity prediction without the need for long‐term monitoring. This study also highlights a potential epigenetic mechanism for the onset of sexual maturity, indicating the possibility of using epigenetic biomarkers for this important life history trait.
Biomass and trait biogeography of cephalopods on the European and North American continental shelves
Authors: Ottmann Daniel , Andersen Ken H. , van Denderen P. Daniël 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimWe evaluate whether the biomass and trait biogeography of cephalopods follow the distribution expected by metabolic theory for ectotherms with rapid growth and high metabolic rate.LocationContinental shelves of the North Atlantic and Northeast Pacific oceans; global marine ecoregions.Time Period1968–2020.Major Taxa StudiedCephalopods and fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes).MethodsWe map the biomass of cephalopods and their traits across marine shelves using scientific bottom trawl survey data from the North Atlantic and Northeast Pacific. We further map global fisheries catch. We apply statistical methods to evaluate how temperature, zooplankton productivity and depth drive these patterns.ResultsCephalopods represent a small fraction (1%) of the combined fish and cephalopod biomass on continental shelves. However, their distribution displays a high regional heterogeneity, with some areas being virtually absent of cephalopods and other areas accounting for up to 24% of total biomass. Higher temperatures and zooplankton productivity are associated with increased cephalopod biomass and proportional biomass relative to fish. The largest cephalopods are found in the Northeast Pacific. Growth rates are highest in warmer waters with fastest growth rates found in lower latitudes of the North Atlantic. Cephalopods constitute 5% of the combined fish and cephalopod global fisheries catch. This proportion varies across regions. Higher temperature and zooplankton productivity are associated with increased cephalopod catch relative to fish.Main ConclusionsTemperature and productivity shape the large‐scale biogeography of cephalopods and their traits on marine shelves. The relations with temperature suggest that future warming could lead to a proliferation of fast‐growing cephalopods in cold and temperate systems, with implications for ecosystem dynamics and fisheries. Despite a relatively low observed biomass, cephalopods hold substantial potential to change ecosystem structure and functioning given their high energy lifestyle.
Patient and caregiver preferences for haemophilia treatments: A discrete‐choice experiment
Authors: Garcia Viridiana Cano , Mansfield Carol , Pierce Anna , Leach Colton , Smith Jane Cavanaugh , Afonso Marion 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionAn evolving haemophilia treatment landscape provides new possibilities for previously unattainable lifestyles.AimWe sought to understand how people with haemophilia (PwH) and their caregivers value the potential benefits of novel prophylactic treatments. We conducted a discrete‐choice experiment (DCE) to quantify preferences for features of haemophilia treatments among adults and caregivers of children with haemophilia. A best‐worst scaling (BWS) exercise measured the perceived burden of treatment administration features.MethodsA cross‐sectional, web‐based survey was administered to male adults (≥18 years) and caregivers of male children (≤17 years) living with haemophilia in the United States. Respondents evaluated eight pairs of hypothetical haemophilia treatment profiles defined by six attributes in the DCE and 15 features in the BWS.ResultsIn the DCE, both adults with haemophilia (n = 151) and caregivers (n = 151) prioritised avoiding the risk of developing inhibitor/ anti‐drug antibodies and treatments that allowed for a more active life. They placed a lower priority on reducing the number of spontaneous bleeding episodes, route and frequency of administration, and avoiding the risk of hospitalisation due to adverse events. The BWS documented the burdensomeness of IV infusions and medications that require mixing and refrigeration.ConclusionPwH and caregivers prefer treatments that enable a more active lifestyle with a lower risk of inhibitor development. Both groups valued the ability to lead an active life over reducing spontaneous bleeding, with caregivers placing the most weight on this attribute. As new treatments expand possibilities, healthcare professionals and PwH should continue to share decision‐making, incorporating clinical judgment and individual preferences.
Exploring the life experiences of school‐aged children afflicted by tethered spinal cord syndrome: An interpretative qualitative study
Authors: Lin Nan , Ren Mingxian , Xiang Yujun , Li Jiahuan , Wang Dan , Xu Hongzhen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundChildren affected by tethered cord syndrome (TCS) encounter multifaceted challenges encompassing educational, familial and social spheres, underscoring the significance of a holistic comprehension of their subjective emotional well‐being and life encounters. Nonetheless, healthcare professionals tend to prioritise the physical functionality of the afflicted individuals throughout the treatment and rehabilitation process, often neglecting the emotional experiences and requirements of these children as they transition into posthospitalization phases.AimTo advance the subjective experiences and perceptions of children with TCS upon reintegration into their families, educational institutions and wider societal contexts subsequent to their discharge from medical facilities.MethodsThe study was conducted at the Children's Hospital in Zhejiang. Twelve children aged 8–15 with TCS were included in the study. The research design used an interpretative qualitative approach, utilising semi‐structured interviews as the primary data collection method. Data analysis was performed using reflexive thematic analysis, facilitating a comprehensive exploration of emerging themes and patterns.ResultsFour major themes (and seven subthemes) were identified from the findings: (1) growing pains (a shameful secret, distance between ideal and reality); (2) inappropriate expressions of familial affection (knowing is not understanding, unspeakable guilt); (3) social estrangement (uncomfortable distinctions, familiar stranger) and (4) striving for independence and consistency.ConclusionsChildren affected by TCS exhibit internal sensitivity and challenges in self‐development, family dynamics and social interactions. They aspire to attain a future characterised by independence and freedom, akin to that of their typically developing peers. These findings can help health professionals, families and educators gain a deeper understanding of what it takes to be a child with TCS, and the findings can also serve as a platform for interventions that seek to promote self‐expression in these children so that they can experience life as a meaningful and positive process.Patient or Public ContributionThis study received support from children with TCS and their guardians during data collection, as well as from the head nurse of the unit. Coresearchers also contributed to design, data collection, analysis and writing.
Barriers to HIV testing and possible interventions to improve access to HIV healthcare among migrants, with a focus on migrant women: Results from a European survey
Authors: Krankowska Dagny C. , Lourida Panagiota , Quirke Siobhan M. , Woode Owusu Melvina , Weis Nina ,   EACS/WAVE Migrant Women Working Group
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundAccording to European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) reports, women and migrants are more likely to have delayed HIV diagnosis (CD4 <350 cells/mm3). As a follow‐up to a previously published systematic review revealing a range of barriers to HIV testing among migrant women, the aim of the present study was to identify barriers to HIV testing from the perspective of service providers and to formulate possible interventions to improve access to HIV healthcare among migrants in Europe, with an emphasis on migrant women.MethodsBetween November 2021 and February 2022 an online survey, consisting of 20 questions, was forwarded to 178 stakeholders and non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) working with migrant populations in 33 countries from the World Health Organization (WHO) European region.ResultsForty‐three responses from 14 countries were analysed. Most respondents (70%) judged migrants’ access to healthcare as worse than that for the resident native population. Only 2/11 prevention interventions were available to all in at least 50% of participating countries. The three main barriers to accessing healthcare for migrant women and reasons for late HIV diagnosis among migrant women were stigma and discrimination, language barriers, and cultural barriers.ConclusionsMany HIV prevention interventions are not free of charge for all within Europe. The results of this survey show that migrant women face many barriers to accessing healthcare and that these might contribute to late HIV diagnosis. Simplification of access to free healthcare for all, more awareness raising about HIV screening and prevention among migrant women, and more migrant‐focused outreach programmes are suggested to improve migrant women's access to HIV healthcare in Europe.
Factors associated with sex differences in viral non‐suppression in the Swedish InfCareHIV cohort: An observational real‐world study
Authors: Lindh Maria , Brännström Johanna , Reepalu Anton , Svedhem Veronica , Mellgren Åsa 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectivesWomen living with HIV are underrepresented in clinical trials assessing outcomes of antiretroviral treatment (ART), justifying the need for observational studies. We investigated differences in viral non‐suppression between women and men in the Swedish InfCareHIV cohort and analysed results in relation to biological and socio‐demographic variables and patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs).MethodsThe study included people living with HIV (PLWH) aged ≥18 years, who initiated ART at least 6 months prior to inclusion. Data from the InfCareHIV registry 2011–2018 were collected. Associations between variables and HIV RNA ≥50 copies/mL were investigated in uni‐ and multivariable analyses using generalized estimating equations, providing relative risks (RRs) as effect size.ResultsThe study included 38% (n = 2981) women. Women were more likely to have HIV RNA ≥50 copies/mL than were men [RR = 1.20, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10–1.31]. After adjusting for origin and route of transmission, sex at birth was no longer associated with viral non‐suppression. PROMs were available in 52.4% of PLWH, and items associated with viral non‐suppression were impaired adherence in women (RR = 2.38, 95% CI: 1.79–3.17) and men (RR 1.84, 95% CI: 1.40–2.42), and experience of side effects in women (RR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.10–2.02).ConclusionsThis observational study found a 20% higher relative risk of viral non‐suppression in women than in men and the difference was associated with socio‐demographic factors. The associations between PROMs and viral non‐suppression varied between women and men. PROMs are important health outcomes that may identify PLWH in need of support to achieve viral non‐suppression.
Scalp microbiome composition changes and pathway evaluations due to effective treatment with Piroctone Olamine shampoo
Authors: Hu Ping , Henry Jim , Tiesman Jay P. , Parlov Mirjana , Bacon Rob , Charbonneau Duane , Venkataraman Arvind , Locker Kathryn C. S. , Krigbaum Holly , Schwartz Jim 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize the scalp microbial composition, function, and connection to dandruff severity using a metagenomics approach and to understand the impact of a Piroctone Olamine containing anti‐dandruff shampoo on the scalp microbiome.MethodsShotgun metagenomics was used to characterize the composition of the scalp microbiomes from 94 subjects with and without clinically defined dandruff. Furthermore, the microbiome of the scalps of 100 dandruff sufferers before and after 3 weeks of treatment with either control or anti‐dandruff shampoo containing 0.5% Piroctone Olamine (PO) was characterized and compared to identify microorganisms associated with the dandruff condition and the associated pathways and processes that may contribute to PO's effect on scalp microbiome.ResultsA higher relative abundance of Malassezia restricta and Staphylococcus capitis and a lower abundance of Cutibacterium acnes were associated with the dandruff scalps relative to the no‐dandruff scalps. A 3‐week PO shampoo treatment reduced the relative abundance of Malassezia species and Staphylococcus capitis and increased the relative abundance of Cutibacterium acnes. This change to the scalp microbiome composition is consistent with a return to a healthy no‐dandruff microbiome and improved clinical signs and symptoms as measured by adherent scalp flaking score (ASFS) compared with the control shampoo. Functional genomics analysis showed that the PO shampoo treatment reduced oxidative stress‐associated genes and decreased the abundance of protease, urease, and lipase genes. These changes correlated positively to improvements in dandruff severity. PO treatment favourably shifted scalp microbiomes in dandruff subjects toward the no‐dandruff state.ConclusionOur results suggest that part of the aetiology of dandruff can be attributed to dysbiosis of the scalp microbiome. PO treatment can restore a healthier microbiome, reducing oxidative stress and promoting better scalp health.
Mild but effective skin cleansing—Evaluation of laureth‐23 as a primary surfactant
Authors: Dick Anja , Stolz Hermann Josef , Sonsmann Flora Karla 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveSkin cleansing products are among the main reasons for the development of hand eczema. Therefore, a mild but effective skin cleansing product is of particular interest, especially in the work place, where various contaminations frequently have to be removed from hands.MethodsIn this study, the potential of laureth‐23 as a primary surfactant was evaluated and compared to other fatty alcohol ethoxylates (FAEO). Also, different laureth‐23 surfactant combinations were compared to each other. Therefore, transepidermal water loss, erythema and visual scoring were measured after occlusive patch testing in 24 healthy subjects (aged 18–55). Afterwards, the results were ranked from low to high irritant potential and an irritation score was calculated. Furthermore, the cleaning performance was tested using an automated cleansing device in 10 healthy subjects (aged 18–55).ResultsThe results confirmed the low irritant potential of laureth‐23 and blends thereof. Within the different laureth‐23 surfactant combinations, the combination of laureth‐23 with a mild amphoteric and a mild anionic surfactant was superior to other laureth‐23 surfactant combinations like laureth‐23/anionic/anionic regarding skin compatibility as well as cleaning performance.ConclusionIn conclusion, laureth‐23 showed very good performance as a primary surfactant. Especially, the combination of laureth‐23, cocamidopropyl betaine and disodium laureth sulfosuccinate was mild to the skin while also showing good cleansing performance.