bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stream groundwater inputs generate fine‐scale variation in brook trout phenology and growth across a warming landscape
Authors: Gallagher Brian K. , Fraser Dylan J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Climate change is increasing global atmospheric temperatures, which can reduce abundance and cause range shifts in species that are sensitive to warming. However, fine‐scale thermal heterogeneity can drive highly variable local responses to climate change, especially in freshwater environments that differ in groundwater inputs and geomorphology.

We used temperature data collected during 2012–2021 from 10 small, pristine streams in eastern Canada to characterise thermal variation at a small spatial scale (~25 km2). We then used relationships between daily air and stream temperatures to reconstruct stream temperature since 1980, and assessed how thermal variation influenced the phenology and growth of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis).

Air–stream temperature relationships varied considerably among streams despite their close proximity, with predicted summer temperatures differing up to 9.5°C between warmer rainfall‐dominated streams and cooler groundwater‐dominated streams. Rainfall‐dominated streams warmed more than twice as fast as groundwater‐dominated streams across all seasons since 1980, with nearly four‐fold differences in rates of warming evident during summer months. Fine‐scale thermal heterogeneity also shaped brook trout phenology, as juveniles in rainfall‐dominated streams were estimated to hatch and emerge much later (~70 and 40 days, respectively) and experience faster phenological shifts than in groundwater‐dominated streams. Relationships between juvenile brook trout size and accumulated degree‐days were positive, but slopes differed over two‐fold and did not vary systematically based on stream hydrology, suggesting more idiosyncratic impacts of warming on early growth.

Collectively, our study illustrates how species responses to climate change in freshwater environments can be consistent in direction but vary substantially in magnitude owing to the influence of groundwater. Future climate change is likely to increase the thermal stress experienced by brook trout populations in warmer rainfall‐dominated streams, while potentially benefiting those in groundwater‐dominated streams where current temperatures are often suboptimal.

Observed differences in the rates and ecological impacts of warming among streams suggest that fine‐scale thermal variation must be considered when forecasting effects of future climate change on stream fish population dynamics.
Towards Improved Remedial Outcomes in Categorical Aquifers with an Iterative Ensemble Smoother
Authors: Khambhammettu Prashanth , Renard Philippe , Doherty John , White Jeremy , Killingstad Marc , Kladias Michael 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCategorical parameter distributions consisting of geologic facies with distinct properties, for example, high‐permeability channels embedded in a low‐permeability matrix, are common at contaminated sites. At these sites, low‐permeability facies store solute mass, acting as secondary sources to higher‐permeability facies, sustaining concentrations for decades while increasing risk and cleanup costs. Parameter estimation is difficult in such systems because the discontinuities in the parameter space hinder the inverse problem. This paper presents a novel approach based on Traveling Pilot Points (TRIPS) and an iterative ensemble smoother (IES) to solve the categorical inverse problem. Groundwater flow and solute transport in a hypothetical aquifer with a categorical parameter distribution are simulated using MODFLOW 6. Heads and concentrations are recorded at multiple monitoring locations. IES is used to generate posterior ensembles assuming a TRIPS prior and an approximate multi‐Gaussian prior. The ensembles are used to predict solute concentrations and mass into the future. The evaluation also includes an assessment of how the number of measurements and the choice of the geological prior determine the characteristics of the posterior ensemble and the resulting predictions. The results indicate that IES was able to efficiently sample the posterior distribution and showed that even with an approximate geological prior, a high degree of parameterization and history matching could lead to parameter ensembles that can be useful for making certain types of predictions (heads, concentrations). However, the approximate geological prior was insufficient for predicting mass. The analysis demonstrates how decision‐makers can quantify uncertainty and make informed decisions with an ensemble‐based approach.
Oxidative behaviour, aggregation and structural properties of silver carp myofibrillar proteins with different molecular states subjected to freeze–thaw process
Authors: Yan Sunjie , Du Zhiyin , Feng Ruonan , Li Jun , Yu Dawei , Xia Wenshui , Xu Yanshun 
Published: November 2023

SummarySilver carp myofibrillar proteins (MP) with different moleculars states were constructed by the addition of NaCl and fracture degree of muscle fibres. Results showed that salt‐dissolved MP (P+) under unfrozen and oxidised state showed higher oxidation degree with higher carbonyl (3.42 nmol mg−1) and dityrosine contents (25.98 a.u.) (P < 0.05) compared with saltless‐polymeric MP (P) and salt‐induced swelling MP (F+) due to addition of salt and broken muscle fibres. After oxidative and freeze–thaw process, P+ group also exhibited more cross‐linking as evidenced by turbidity (0.73), solubility (64.96%) and SDS‐PAGE, but unordered aggregates in P group increased probably due to severe frozen denaturation. Moreover, F+ group of salt‐induced swelling MP from intact muscle fibres suffered less structural damages with higher fluorescence intensity (668.41 a.u.) and higher α‐helix contents (15.56%). Overall, Fish‐ Hua of salt‐dissolved MP had a higher oxidation level and NaCl contributed to improve freeze–thaw stability of MP during freeze–thaw process.
Authenticity and atypicality in leadership: Can an atypical leader afford to be authentic?
Authors: Ayaz Ozlem , Ozbilgin Mustafa F. , Samdanis Marios , Torunoğlu Tinay Dilek 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLeaders from typically privileged backgrounds, such as White, male, elite‐educated and upper‐class individuals, often find it easier to craft an authentic identity in professional settings than their atypical counterparts. These atypical leaders, which include women, LGBT+, ethnic minorities or those from less affluent socio‐economic backgrounds, can indeed construct an authentic workplace identity. However, this often demands significant emotional investment and the navigation of challenges, such as reconciling conflicting identities, especially in institutions tailored predominantly for the typical leaders. While authenticity and diversity are highly desired qualities in leadership, we argue that authenticity remains a privilege primarily enjoyed by leaders from typical backgrounds. By drawing on Hochschild's notion of emotional labour and Castoriadis's concepts of autonomy and heteronomy, we shed light on the dynamic interplay between authenticity and atypicality. Further, we present a conceptual framework that outlines how atypical leaders can manifest authenticity in their roles, and the ensuing implications for driving organisational change rooted in diversity.
Effect of a Novel sputtering process on the chemical and biological properties of silver‐gold alloys
Authors: Hatch Keeley Kathryn Anne , Burrell Robert Edward , Ward Colleen Nancy 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSilver‐gold nanocrystalline films were sputtered on HDPE substrates by a physical vapour deposition process using alloys with a nominal composition of 65% silver/35% gold or 35% silver/65% gold by weight, with comparison to a 100% silver target. Novel process conditions were introduced to include both water and oxygen as reactive gases. X‐ray diffraction and chemical digests were used to assess the structure and chemical composition of the films. Log reductions and corrected zone of inhibition tests were used to measure the biological properties. Despite a range of physical and chemical properties, biological tests showed that the bactericidal properties of all silver‐gold films were comparable with silver‐only films in the short term and 65% silver films made with Novel sputtering conditions had comparable bacteriostatic abilities to silver‐only over a 7‐day period. The benefit of including gold may be seen in future studies of anti‐inflammatory activity.
Maggot debridement therapy stimulates wound healing by altering macrophage activation
Authors: Sun Xin‐Juan , Chen Jin‐An , Li Gai , Wang Lei , Wang Tian‐Yuan , Wang Ai‐Ping 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to determine the impact of maggot debridement therapy (MDT) on macrophages during the healing process of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). The activation phenotype of macrophages during wound healing following MDT was evaluated using double staining immunohistochemistry (IHC). In addition, markers associated with macrophage activation were discovered using immunoblotting and real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). During the process of diabetic wound healing following MDT, the presence and over‐expression of M2 macrophages were observed, while the under‐expression of M1 macrophages was noted. In addition, the activation markers of macrophages exhibited a correlation with the indicated Th1/Th2 cytokines. MDT interventions have the potential to modulate macrophage activity, thereby aiding in the healing of diabetic foot wounds.
A histochemical study of aldehyde fuchsin staining
Authors: SUMNER BARBARA E. H. 
Published: November 2023

SYNOPSISHistochemical methods were used to determine the basis of aldehyde fuchsin staining in the following tissue constituents: the preoptic and neurohypophysial neurosecretory material of the Bullhead (Cottus gobio) and the pancreatic zymogen granules, gastric‐chief‐cell granules, Paneth‐cell granules, elastic tissue, and acidic mucins of intestinal goblet cells in the mouse.Following oxidation, the staining of neurosecretory material, pancreatic, gastric, and Paneth granules, and elastic tissue is probably due to ionic links with the acidic products of cystine oxidation.Staining occurred without oxidation in pancreatic, gastric, and Paneth‐cell granules and elastin; this reaction is probably non‐ionic, but the chemical groups responsible are still undetermined.Acidic mucins probably stain by ionic linkage to sulphate groups. This confirms previous results.The aldehydes which are artificially produced in the Feulgen and ninhydrin‐Schiff techniques are stained with aldehyde fuchsin but only weakly.
The demonstration of latent particulate aminopeptidase activity
Authors: MCCABE MARY , CHAYEN J. 
Published: November 2023

SYNOPSISThe histochemical demonstration of aminopeptidase activity has been studied in unfixed frozen sections; it has been shown that Fast Blue B permits less diffusion than do two other coupling agents. With this tetrazonium salt the enzyme has been localized predominantly in discrete particles in the liver, intestine, and kidney of the rat. Evidence is offered indicating that these particles may be true cellular organelles, the properties of which may be akin to those of the lysosomes.
Some applications of equidensitometry in interference microscopy
Authors: COSSLETT ANNA 
Published: November 2023

SYNOPSISEquidensitometry is the two‐dimensional densitometry of photographic images. Lines of equal density outlining the contours of the image can be produced by a variety of methods. In this paper the method based on the Lau‐Sabattier effect has been used for investigating two‐beam interference fringes.
The dry mass of living cell inclusions obtained by interference microscopy, and the value of comparative measurements
Authors: ROSS K. F. A. 
Published: November 2023

SYNOPSISThe dry mass of living cell inclusions can be calculated from the concentration of their solids (derived from measurement of their refractive indices), and from their volumes (derived from measurements of their dimensions). The accuracy and advantages of this approach in comparing one type of cell material with another are discussed; some general conclusions about the measurement of cellular constituents with interference microscopy are presented.
Snake‐directed Behavior by Snake Naive and Experienced California Ground Squirrels in a Simulated Burrow
Authors: Coss Richard G. , Owings Donald H. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSnake naive and experienced California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi) were video taped while interacting with either a gopher snake or rattlesnake in a simulated burrow dimly illuminated with red light. Using nonvisually guided behavior, naive and experienced squirrels reacted to snakes in qualitatively similar ways, and behaved more defensively toward snakes than toward a control stimulus (white rat). The squirrels alternately interacted with the snake and attempted to escape from the burrow, which had a sealed entrance. Interaction with the snake included cautious approach in elongate postures, prolonged investigation of adjacent alleys before entering them, kicking sand at the snake, frequent tooth chattering, occasional calling, and building burrow plugs out of sand. These they packed by butting with their heads. When permitted to escape from the burrow, they turned just outside the entrance to tail flag, kick sand, scent mark, and finally plug the burrow. Since visual cues were not available, olfactory and auditory stimuli from the snake appeared to mediate snake‐directed behavior in the burrow.
A user experience evaluation of a mobile application for disseminating site‐specific impact‐based flood warnings: The A4alerts app
Authors: Meléndez‐Landaverde Erika R. , Sempere‐Torres Daniel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPeople‐centred early warning systems must ensure that their warnings are timely, actionable and get to the largest number of exposed individuals in the shortest time possible. Due to the increased access to high‐bandwidth communication, mobile applications have become a valuable complement to traditional sources of emergency information. However, there is limited research on how useful end‐users perceive these apps and their functionalities in the context of flood emergencies. This research presents the first online user experience evaluation of the A4alerts, a crisis app developed to disseminate the flood warnings triggered by the operational impact‐based early warning system in Catalonia, Spain. Following an interactive experiment using the A4alerts app to access emergency information within real‐based flood scenarios, participants were prompted to measure their experience using statements linked to criteria on usefulness, functional appropriateness, and adoption. The evaluation results suggest that sampled participants considered the A4alerts a useful communication tool to support end‐users and their emergency actions. In particular, the local impact‐based flood warnings, regional official warnings and self‐protection action checklist were ranked as the most useful functionalities implemented within the app. These findings justify future iterations of the A4alerts for supporting the rapid dissemination of emergency information and helping communities reduce the impacts of flood events.
The perceived value of a geriatrics‐surgery co‐management program: Perspectives from three surgical specialties
Authors: Gupta Sonia , Walke Lisa , Simone Mark , Michener Alyson , Nembhard Ingrid 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundGeriatrics‐surgery co‐management (GSCM) programs have improved patient outcomes, but little is known about how they change care and whether their value varies by surgical specialty. We aimed to assess GSCM's effects as perceived by Orthopedic Trauma, Trauma, and Neurosurgery clinicians.MethodsWe conducted a mixed‐methods study utilizing electronic survey and virtual interviews at Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, an academic trauma center, in Philadelphia, PA. Participants included physicians, advanced practice providers, nurses, social workers, and case managers in the aforementioned specialties. Key measures were perspectives on value of GSCM, its facilitators, specialty most appropriate to manage specified medical issues, and factors affecting use.ResultsOf 71 eligible clinicians, 45 (63%) completed the survey and 12 (21%) of 56 purposefully sampled for specialty‐role diversity were interviewed. Clinicians across specialties valued GSCM highly and similarly for impact on personal management of older adults (grand mean [standard error, SE] = 4.33 [0.24] out of 5; p = 0.80 for specialty means comparisons), patient care (mean [SE] = 4.47 [0.21]; p = 0.27), patient outcomes (mean [SE] = 4.26 [0.22]; p = 0.51), and specialty overall (mean [SE] = 4.55 [0.23]; p = 0.25) but less so for knowledge growth (mean [SE] = 3.47 [0.29]; p = 0.11). Interviewees across specialties reported that value derived from improved understanding of patient history, management of complex medical conditions, goals of care support, communication with families, and patient discharge facilitation. Interviewees also agreed on program facilitators: aligned stakeholders, shared data‐driven goals, champion/administrative support, continuity and availability of geriatricians, and thorough communication. Specialties differed on three issues: (1) who should manage some medical concerns; (2) whether GSCM makes their job easier (significantly easier for Orthopedic Trauma: mean [SE] = 4.75 [0.29] vs. Trauma: mean [SE] = 4.01 [0.19]; p = 0.05); and (3) whether GSCM increases coordination difficulty (more for Neurosurgery: mean [SE] = 2.18 [0.0.58] vs. Orthopedic Trauma: mean [SE] = 0.51 [0.42]; p = 0.03 and Trauma: mean [SE] = 0.89 [0.28]; p = 0.07). Orthopedic Trauma had the most positive impression of GSCM overall.ConclusionsClinicians across diverse surgical specialties valued GSCM. Hospitals considering implementation or expansion of GSCM should attend to identified facilitators and may need to tailor to specialty.
Association between sarcopenia and risk of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events‐UK Biobank database
Authors: Jauffret Charlotte , Périchon Renaud , Lamer Antoine , Cortet Bernard , Chazard Emmanuel , Paccou Julien 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundFew studies on the risk of incident major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) in sarcopenia have been reported. The objective was to assess the association between presarcopenia and sarcopenia and a higher risk of MACCEs.MethodsThis study on the UK Biobank prospective cohort, used data collected between 2006 and 2021. Community‐dwelling Caucasian participants aged 37 to 73 years were included if values for Handgrip Strength (HGS) and Skeletal Muscle Index (SMI) were available and if no history of MACCEs was reported. Exposure was assessed using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2) criteria. Muscle strength was measured using HGS, and muscle mass using the SMI. Presarcopenia was defined through the two definitions available in the literature, as low HGS with normal SMI and as normal HGS with low SMI, whereas sarcopenia was defined as low HGS with low SMI. The main outcome was to determine whether presarcopenia and/or sarcopenia were predictors of MACCEs (composite events).ResultsA total of 406,411 included participants (women: 55.7%) were included. At baseline, there were 18,257 (4.7%) presarcopenics—subgroup n°1 (low HGS only), 7940 (2.1%) presarcopenics—subgroup n°2 (low SMI only), and 1124 (0.3%) sarcopenics. Over a median follow‐up of 12.1 years (IQR: [11.4; 12.8]), 28,300 participants (7.0%) were diagnosed with at least one event. Compared to NonSarc, presarcopenic (subgroups n°1 and n°2) and sarcopenic status were significantly associated with a higher risk of MACCEs (respectively fully adjusted HRs: HR = 1.25 [95% CI: 1.19; 1.31], HR = 1.33 [95% CI: 1.23; 1.45] and HR = 1.62 [95% CI: 1.34; 1.95]).ConclusionsIn a community‐dwelling population, the risk of MACCEs was higher in both presarcopenic and sarcopenic participants.
Cross‐cultural perspectives on patient expectations in cosmetic dermatology: A comparative analysis across countries and ethnicities
Authors: Haykal Diala , Treacy Patrick , Lim Tingsong , Clatici Victor Gabriel , Fakih‐Gomez Nabil , Leal‐Silva Hector , du Crest Dominique , Cartier Hugues 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPatient expectations in cosmetic dermatology exhibit significant variations across countries, cultures, and ethnicities, thereby reflecting individual desires, concerns, and goals. While some individuals seek aesthetic enhancements, others prioritize addressing specific skin conditions within the context of beauty norms in their respective countries. The provision of personalized and culturally sensitive care plays a crucial role in meeting these diverse expectations. Skin characteristics and concerns differ among ethnicities, influencing treatment preferences. For instance, individuals with darker skin tones may prioritize the treatment of pigmentation disorders, whereas those with lighter skin tones may focus on achieving a fair complexion. Furthermore, differences in facial anatomy among various ethnicities necessitate tailored treatment approaches. This commentary aims to contribute to the effective understanding and management of patient expectations, ultimately leading to satisfactory outcomes. Additional research and regional studies are required to further deepen our understanding of patient expectations in cosmetic dermatology and enable the delivery of improved and culturally appropriate care on a global scale.
The “Bury your Gays” trope in contemporary television: Generational shifts in production responses to audience dissent
Authors: Cover Rob , Milne Cassandra 
Published: November 2023

Abstract“Bury Your Gays” is the popular name used to describe the common television trope in which characters who are ostensibly gender‐ or sexually‐diverse are denied happy endings or “killed off”. Widespread online commentary among audiences reacting to incidents of “Bury Your Gays” are indicative of a public concern over the repetitiveness of this trope in contemporary popular culture. This paper investigates the cultural frameworks through which television producers respond to audience anger at “Bury Your Gays” incidents in order to provide a production perspective to scholarship on the topic. We compare two cases separated by a generation: the 2002 case of Buffy the Vampire Slayer and the 2016 case of The 100. We argue that the difference in responses is indicative of (i) a solidification of the producer‐audience relationship since the advent of social media; (ii) the further embedding of a transactional approach to viewership in which “queerbaiting” is considered “false advertising” and (iii) the growth of cancel culture which fosters expectations that television representation will align with positive depictions and socially‐progressive cultural values. The paper argues that these cultural shifts underscore the way in which producers respond, no longer justifying the death of a queer character based on narrative need, but now balanced with attention to audience identity and social demand.