bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Volumetric Lagrangian temperature and velocity measurements with thermochromic liquid crystals
Authors: Käufer T , Cierpka C 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We propose a Lagrangian method for simultaneous, volumetric temperature and velocity measurements. As tracer particles for both quantities, we employ encapsulated thermochromic liquid crystals (TLCs). We discuss the challenges arising from color imaging of small particles and present measurements in an equilateral hexagonal-shaped convection cell of height h = 60 mm and distance between the parallel side walls w = 104 mm, which corresponds to an aspect ratio

Γ
=
1.73

. As fluid, we use a water-glycerol mixture to match the density of the TLC particles. We propose a densely-connected neural network, trained on calibration data, to predict the temperature for individual particles based on their particle image and position in the color camera images, which achieves uncertainties below 0.2 K over a temperature range of 3 K. We use Shake-the-Box to determine the 3D position and velocity of the particles and couple it with our temperature measurement approach. We validate our approach by adjusting a stable temperature stratification and comparing our measured temperatures with the theoretical results. Finally, we apply our approach to thermal convection at Rayleigh number Ra  =

3.4
×

10
7

and Prandtl number Pr  =  10.6. We can visualize detaching plumes in individual temperature and convective heat transfer snapshots. Furthermore, we demonstrate that our approach allows us to compute statistics of the convective heat transfer and briefly validate our results against the literature.
A new selection method of singular values using correlation coefficients for detecting weak exponential damped sinusoidal signals under strong noise
Authors: Zhang Ting 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Weak signal detection has garnered considerable attention in numerous research fields, especially weak signal detection under strong noise, which is an urgent problem researches are concerned with. In this paper, a new criterion to select singular values using correlation coefficients is proposed for detecting weak exponential damped sinusoidal signals. This method has a wide variety of signal processing applications. The innovation of our method lies in selecting the most informative singular values of K rather than the most energetic singular values. The proposed method measures the similarity between component signals and useful signals via the autocorrelation function and correlation coefficient, which can preserve more information of the original signal and be more suitable for weak signal detection scenarios under strong noise. Numerical experiments and analysis are performed to verify the efficiency and effectiveness of our method, and indicate that the presented method is superior to the singular value selection methods based on energy or simple difference principle for correlation coefficients. Compared to stochastic resonance methods suitable for weak signal detection under strong background noise, our proposed method also offer significant advantages. Thus, it is beneficial for theoretical analysis and engineering applications.
Electrode materials for electrochromic supercapacitors
Authors: Li Jianhang , Yu Haixin , Lv Yaokang , Cai Zhiwei , Shen Yimin , Ruhlmann Laurent , Gan Lihua , Liu Mingxian 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Smart energy storage systems, such as electrochromic supercapacitor (ECSC) integrated technology, have drawn a lot of attention recently, and numerous developments have been made owing to their reliable performance. Developing novel electrode materials for ECSCs that embed two different technologies in a material is an exciting and emerging field of research. To date, the research into ECSC electrode materials has been ongoing with excellent efforts, which need to be systematically reviewed so that they can be used to develop more efficient ECSCs. This mini-review provides a general composition, main evaluation parameters and future perspectives for electrode materials of ECSCs as well as a brief overview of the published reports on ECSCs and performance statistics on the existing literature in this field.
Exploring charge generation and separation in tandem organic light-emitting diodes based on magneto-electroluminescence
Authors: Li Wanjiao , Bao Xi , Wang Cheng , Yao Yu , Song Jiayi , Peng Keao , Xu Shuang , Chen Lijia , Guan Yunxia , Niu Lianbin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
5,6,11,12-tetraphenylnaphthacene (rubrene) exhibits resonant energy properties (E
S1,rub ≈ 2E
T1,rub), resulting in rubrene-based organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices that undergo the singlet fission (STT) process at room temperature. This unique process gives rise to a distinct magneto-electroluminescence (MEL) profile, differing significantly from the typical intersystem crossing (ISC) process. Therefore, in this paper, we investigate charge generation and separation in the interconnector, and the mechanism of charge transport in tandem OLEDs at room temperature using MEL tools. We fabricate tandem OLEDs comprising green (Alq3) and yellow (Alq3:rubrene) electroluminescence (EL) units using different interconnectors. The results demonstrate that all devices exhibited significant rubrene emission. However, the MEL did not exhibit an STT process with an increasing magnetic field, but rather a triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA) process. This occurrence is attributed to direct carrier trapping within doped EL units, which hinders the transport of rubrene trapped charges, consequently prolonging the lifetime of triplet excitons (T1,rub). Thus, the increased T1,rub concentration causes TTA to occur at room temperature, causing the rapid decrease of MEL in all devices under high magnetic fields. In devices where only the TTA process occurs, the TTA increases with the increasing current. Consequently, the high magnetic field of devices A–C is only related to TTA. Notably, there exists a high magnetic field TTA of device D in the Alq3/1,4,5,8,9,11-Hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarbonitrile interconnector regardless of the current. This occurs because both EL units in the device emit simultaneously, resulting in the triplet-charge annihilation process of Alq3 in the high magnetic field of the MEL. Moreover, the rapid increase in MEL at low magnetic field across all devices is attributed to the ISC between Alq3 polaron pairs. This entire process involves Förster and Dexter energy transfer. This article not only provides novel insights into charge generation and separation in the interconnector but also enhances our understanding of the microscopic mechanisms in tandem OLED devices.
Solar-blind ultraviolet photodetector based on Nb2C/β-Ga2O3 heterojunction
Authors: Zhang Yongfeng , Liu Shuainan , Xu Ruiliang , Ruan Shengping , Liu Caixia , Ma Yan , Li Xin , Chen Yu , Zhou Jingran 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

β-Ga2O3 has been widely investigated for its stability and thermochemical properties. However, the preparation of β-Ga2O3 thin films requires complex growth techniques and high growth temperatures, and this has hindered the application of β-Ga2O3 thin films. In this study, β-Ga2O3 thin films with good crystalline quality were prepared using a green method, and an ultraviolet (UV) detector based on β-Ga2O3 with a photocurrent of 2.54 × 10–6 A and a dark current of 1.19 × 10–8 A has been developed. Two-dimensional materials have become premium materials for applications in optoelectronic devices due to their high conductivity. Here, we use the suitable energy band structure between Nb2C and Ga2O3 to create a high carrier migration barrier, which reduces the dark current of the device by an order of magnitude. In addition, the device exhibits solar-blind detection, high responsiveness (28 A W−1) and good stability. Thus, the Nb2C/β-Ga2O3 heterojunction is expected to be one of the promising devices in the field of UV photoelectric detection.
A self-powered spiral droplet triboelectric sensor for real-time monitoring of patient infusion in nursing wards
Authors: Qian Lei , Wang Yue , Qian Weiming , Wang Yong , Qian Jingui 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Monitoring of intravenous infusion together with an alarm system is significant for safety and automation operation in the process of clinical drug delivery for major medical institutions. However, there is still a lack of multifunctional sensors to monitor the whole infusion process, such as flow rate, drip rate, and temperature. Herein, we propose a self-powered droplet triboelectric sensor (SDTS) based on the principle of liquid–solid triboelectrification to monitor both intravenous infusion flow and infusion type. Such SDTS devices use two materials with different electrically charged properties to directly generate an electrical signal without any additional power supply, which is conducive to the formation of a large-scale detection system and for enhancing the convenience of medical treatment. The SDTS placed in a disposable infusion set has high potential application in clinical practice and is low cost and easy to prepare. Specifically, we demonstrate the feasibility of the detection of the current infusion flow rate and identification of the infusion medicine type according to the triboelectric signals, providing a new solution for real-time monitoring of patient infusion in nursing wards.
Nano- and micro-crystalline diamond film structuring with electron beam lithography mask
Authors: Quarshie Mariam M , Malykhin Sergei , Obraztsov Alexander , Kuzhir Polina 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Direct current plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (CVD) was employed to create polycrystalline diamond films from CH4/H2 gaseous mixture at 98 mbar pressure and various substrate temperatures between 720 °C and 960 °C. The Si chips with patterns of periodic masked and open seeded zones were used as substrates. The mask free seeded areas evolved into polycrystalline diamond films after CVD process. The diamond crystallites of the films featured single crystal ordering individually with distinct cubic (100) or octahedral (111) facets on the film surfaces. Notably, specific growth conditions were determined for obtaining diamond films composed of the crystallites of nanometre and micrometre scale. These conditions are differing from those observed for non-pattern-prepared Si substrates. The nano-crystalline diamonds emerged within the 4.5–5 A current range, with growth conditions involving 3% CH4/H2 mixture at 98 mbar. The micro-crystalline diamonds (MCDs) predominantly characterized by well-developed rectangular (100) crystal faces on the film surface were successfully grown with current settings of 5.5–6 A, under 3% CH4/H2 mixture at 98 mbar. Furthermore, MCDs characterized by entirely crystalline (111) diamond faces forming CVD film surface were attained within a growth parameter range of 4.5–5.8 A, employing 3% CH4/H2 mixture for certain samples, or alternatively, utilizing 5 A with a 1.5% CH4/H2 mixture for others. Upon thorough evaluation, it was established that SiO2, TiO2, and Cr masks are well-suited materials for the planar patterning of both nano- and micro-crystalline diamond films, and the bottom-up approach can pave the way for the production of diamond planar structures through CVD, facilitated by electron beam lithography (EBL).
Design and investigation on polarization insensitive dual band graphene based tunable absorber for THz applications
Authors: Verma Asha , Meena Om Prakash 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this communication, a metal-free graphene-based Absorber is designed and examined in the THz regime. The graphene layer is coated over the SiO2 substrate, while the silver layer is used on the other side of the substrate. The designed absorber works in two frequency bands i.e. 2.2–2.91 THz (11–14 μm) and 4.85–5.83 THz (51–62 μm), having more than 90% absorption. Peak absorption is obtained 2.55 THz and 5.05 THz with 97.78% and 99.71% absorption. With the help of circular sectoring, the designed absorber shows wide polarization and wide incident angle (up to 60°) insensitivity for both TE and TM modes. Change in chemical potential of graphene provides the tunable characteristics in the designed absorber. All these outcomes confirm that the designed metal-free graphene-based metamaterial absorber works efficiently in THz regime and can be used in different applications such as, sensing and imaging.
The energy storage performance of Sm3+ and Hf4+ co-doped AgNbO3 lead-free antiferroelectric ceramic
Authors: Zhang N , Zhang Z F , Wang J Y , Jiang J R , Wang Y H , Jia P P , Zhu M M , Zhao H X , Guo Y Y , Song G L 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Antiferroelectrics with excellent energy storage density have attracted considerable attention due to their potential applications in electric vehicles, pulsed power weapons, etc. With the trend of environmental protection, the lead-free antiferroelectric AgNbO3 is a promising candidate for energy storage applications. However, the limited recoverable energy density (W

rec
) of AgNbO3 severely restricts its application in high-power systems. To enhance the W

rec
of AgNbO3, the A/B-site Sm3+/Hf4+ co-doping approach was adopted. It positively influenced the energy density and efficiency in AgNbO3 by simultaneously increasing the maximum polarization and breakdown strength. The optimized W

rec
of 1.98 J cm−3 and high energy storage efficiency (η) of 64% were obtained in the MnO2-doped Ag0.97Sm0.01Nb0.99Hf0.01O2.995 ceramic at an electric field of 202 kV cm−1. This work indicates that the A- and B-site substitution with donor and acceptor dopants and using MnO2 as a sintering aid is an effective strategy for developing high-performance ceramic capacitors for energy storage applications.
Robustness of partially coherent vortex beams to the impact of dynamic Kolmogorov kind of turbulence
Authors: S R Lekshmi , Narayanamurthy C S 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The wave propagation characteristics of Gaussian-Schell model vortex beams passing through a dynamic Kolmogorov type of turbulence are analyzed at the laboratory level. The effect of a rotating pseudo-random phase plate, which simulates Kolmogorov-type atmospheric turbulence, on the Gaussian-Schell model beams carrying twist phase is characterized by calculating the scintillation index and intensity line profiles. Our analysis proves the resilience of Gaussian-Schell model vortex beams to the impact of dynamic turbulence. Simulation studies are further used to validate the experimental results. Because of the resemblance between our investigation conditions and real-world atmospheric turbulence, these findings have potential applications in free-space communication systems.
Remote-controllable refractive-index-sensitive plasmonic waveguide and rake-like switch: designs and FDTD simulations
Authors: Fan Yichen , Yang Peng , Chen Yu , Yin Kai , Liu Min , Huang Han , Ouyang Fangping 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A refractive-index-sensitive plasmonic waveguide, whose transmission characteristics could be controlled remotely by a rake-like switch design, is theoretically studied in the reported work. The distance from the remote control unit to the bus waveguide is more than 0.25 μm, and it still possesses great efficiency even when the distance is increased to 0.535 μm. The switch basically contains two main sections. The first is on the bottom and next to the bus waveguide which functions as a plasmonic resonator that can induce localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and restrict wave propagation at corresponding resonant frequency. The second is on the top and far away from the bus waveguide which functions as a remote controller that can modulate LSPR frequency in the first section. The refractive-index-dependent transmission spectra of this filter were simulated using finite-difference time-domain method. The results have shown that even at a distance as far as 0.5 μm, the ON/OFF switching of the wave propagation in a bus waveguide can still be modulated by adjusting the refractive index of a remote rectangular controller. With only 0.08 difference in refractive index, it could be obtained an on–off switching ratio of 18.7, 20.4 and 25.7 respectively for different waveguides at visible and near infrared wavelength, which shows great potential applications in refractive index sensors and remote-controllable band-stop filters.
The use of Clitoria ternatea as sustainable detection tool for Ni (II) and Cu (II) ions in simple paper-based analytical device
Authors: Indrianingsih A W , Aryal P , Henry C S 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Clitoria ternatea plants was growth widely in Indonesia. It was used as natural coloring in food or supplements. In this study, the C. ternatea flower was extracted using ethanol 70% and used for detection of metal ions (Ni, Cu) in aqueous medium. The ability of anthocyanins in C. ternatea extract to react with metal ions was studied using UV-Visible spectroscopy. It was found that the complex of metal ions with C. ternatea flower extract making the hypsocromic effect to the spectra of C. ternatea pure extract. Furthermore, simple paper based analytical device attached with C. ternatea extract was used as test spot to detect the metal ions. It reveals that the color of C. ternatea extract was changed and the calibration curve was obtained. The limit of detection (LOD) in the optimum pH for Ni (II) and Cu (II) was 8.89 ppm, and 4.49 ppm, respectively. Thus, this study showed that C. ternatea flower extract provides sustainable color detection for metal ions with economic and environmental benefits.
Phytochemical screening and antioxidant analysis on algae of the Phaeophyta Division (Sargassum sp. and Padina sp.)
Authors: Henri  , Assyifa I , Alita  , Rahmasari  
Published: December 2023

AbstractAlgae Division of Phaeophyta (brown algae) is a group of macroalgae that have important benefits for life because they contain bioactive compounds such as antioxidants. This study aims to identify bioactive compounds and analyze the antioxidant activity of algae of the Phaeophyta Division in the genusSargassumsp. andPadinasp. The methodology in this study included extract preparation by maceration method using 70% ethanol, phytochemical tests using several reagents, phenolic total was carried out quantitatively, and antioxidant activity testing using the 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Pycrihydracyl (DPPH) method. The results showed thatSargassumsp. contains tannins, saponins, alkaloids, steroids, and triterpenoids. Meanwhile,Padinasp. contains only tannins. The yield ofSargassumsp. extract was 0.086% while that ofPadinasp. extract was 0.065%. The total phenolic content of theSargassumsp. extract was 419.133% while that of thePadinasp. extract was 248.467%. Antioxidant activity ofSargassumsp. extracts with IC50 10.93 mg/L andPadinasp. of 10 mg/L. The higher the total phenolic content, the higher the antioxidant activity, in which phenolic compounds are known to play a role in neutralizing free radicals, inhibiting oxidation in body cells, and can prevent cell damage.
Sustainable harvest: exploring sugar palm trees as a green economy catalyst in Bukit Kaba Natural Park, Bengkulu, Indonesia
Authors: Hayadin  , Yuniarto P R 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Conservation areas are synonymous with protected areas and is prohibited for social and industrial activities that damage the environment. How ever, this research found in which at Bukit Kaba, the use of conservation areas could support the preservation of the natural environment. This article explained that by finding niche commodities, conservation areas can generate many economic benefits for the surrounding community and preserve the natural environment at the same time. This research was environmental qualitative research conducted at conservation area of the Bukit Kaba, Bengkulu, Indonesia. Data were obtained through observation, interviews, document studies, and focus group discussion with the Bukit Kaba conservation area stakeholders. The research team stayed for 20 days in Rejang Lebong district and visited community groups while conducting observations and interviews. The research concluded that the agreement between farmer groups and the Balai Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam (Nature Conservation Agency) to maintain and cultivate sugar palm trees at Bukit Kaba conservation area is an excellent green economic practice. The agreement stipulated the palm trees growing in the Bukit Kaba conservation area as a niche commodity because it can provide multiple benefits. On the one hand, palm trees provide economic benefits to residents around the conservation area. On the other hand, palm trees help maintain land and soil resilience in the Bukit Kaba area.
Scenario mitigation of threats and disruptions to development plan of Nuclear Power Plan (NPP) in Indonesia
Authors: Lusiana L , Sasongko NA , Supriyadi I 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Plans for the development of nuclear power plants in Indonesia have existed since the Soekarno regime in 1945, but have never reached the policy implementation stage until the current presidency of Joko Widodo. This is related to obstacles that can be in the form of Threats, Disruptions, Obstacles and Challenges (AGHT), so that it always fails in the implementation process, both on a global, national and regional scale due to issues in the social, political, technological, and other realms. The purpose of this study is to analyze the scenario of Threats and Disruptions mitigation scenarios for the development of nuclear power plants in Indonesia. The results of the study indicate that the mitigation of the threat of nuclear power plant development plans in Indonesia is through First Track Diplomacy and Second Track Diplomacy, guided by Law No. 10 of 1997 in decision making, and integrated community involvement in supporting government programs. Mitigation of disruptions to the nuclear power plant development plan in Indonesia through a policy of targeting the energy mix by optimizing the use of NRE other than nuclear, while developing a nuclear power plant development plan, implementing a Carbon Tax, socialization through K/L cooperation regarding the use of nuclear energy for nuclear power plants, various fields and second track diplomacy.
Revealing consumer attitudes towards green products: the role of environmental awareness, perceived value, and media influence on zero waste products purchase intentions
Authors: Huda M , Hartati N , Gunawan A I , Luthfi F M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Climate change and extreme weather, natural disasters, and many other events caused by global warming are real detrimental effects of the current natural damage. This obliges business actors to use natural resources responsibly for business purposes and continuously change and develop environmentally friendly products. Zero waste is a philosophy of life that encourages people to consume more responsibly and maximize the life cycle of resources so that products can be reused. This study aimed to determine the effect of consumer attitudes towards green products, which impact the intention to buy zero-waste products based on the influencing factors. In the data collection process, researchers used a quantitative research method. Data collection was obtained from 213 respondents who had consumed zero waste products. The data analysis process was carried out using the SEM-PLS method. The study results show that environmental awareness and perceived values increase willingness to pay and purchase intentions of zero waste products.