bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conjecturing-Based Discovery of Patterns in Data
Authors: Brooks J. Paul , Edwards David J. , Larson Craig E. , Van Cleemput Nico 
Published: February 2024

We propose the use of a conjecturing machine that suggests feature relationships in the form of bounds involving nonlinear terms for numerical features and Boolean expressions for categorical features. The proposed Conjecturing framework recovers known nonlinear and Boolean relationships among features from data. In both settings, true underlying relationships are revealed. We then compare the method to a previously proposed framework for symbolic regression on the ability to recover equations that are satisfied among features in a data set. The framework is then applied to patient-level data regarding COVID-19 outcomes to suggest possible risk factors that are confirmed in the medical literature. Discovering patterns in data is a first step toward establishing causal relationships, which can be the basis for effective decision making. Data Ethics & Reproducibility Note: Code and data to reproduce results are available at https://github.com/jpbrooks/conjecturing . COVID-19 synthetic patient data were obtained as part of the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) Innovation Ecosystem and precisionFDA COVID-19 Risk Factor Modeling Challenge and are used here with permission from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The code capsule is available on Code Ocean at https://codeocean.com/capsule/1538321/tree/v1 and in the e-Companion to this article (available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijds.2021.0043 ). History: Olivia Sheng served as the senior editor for this article.
Can euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis caused by SGLT2 inhibitors be avoided in COVID-19 and other acute infections?
Authors: Pilianidis Georgios , Papanastasiou Georgia , Tikoudi Pinelopi , Themistocleous Andreas , Farmakis Georgios , Dolianitis Konstantinos 
Published: February 2024

Introduction: We present a case of anion gap euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (EuDKA) in a patient with COVID-19 infection. Patients with diabetes mellitus are at increased risk of severe illness, and hyperglycaemia is associated with higher morbidity and mortality in patients infected with COVID-19. Case Description: A 76-year-old male with diabetes mellitus treated with SGLT2 inhibitor tested positive for COVID-19 infection on day 3 after his admission. In the emergency room he had a high anion gap metabolic acidosis and a blood glucose of 248 mg/dl. His urine tested strongly positive for ketones. A diagnosis of euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis was made and he was treated with intravenous insulin and normal saline; his antidiabetic medications were stopped. His metabolic acidosis gradually resolved, and he was discharged. Discussion: Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis is a rare complication of COVID-19 infection. It is defined by the American Diabetes Association as the triad of anion gap metabolic acidosis with arterial pH <7.3, serum bicarbonate <18 mmol/l and ketonuria or ketonemia. It is a life-threatening complication which usually occurs in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients but may also occur in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. As described earlier, it is associated with hyperglycaemia but if blood glucose is low or near normal but <250 mg/dl it is then named euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis. Patients treated with SGLT2 inhibitors are at increased risk of euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis. Conclusions: COVID-19 infection precipitated euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis in our patient. SGLT2 inhibitors must be stopped when this adverse reaction occurs. As their use increases, the risk of this adverse reaction is higher as well. Their prescription should be restricted to trained physicians who are able to educate their patients and treat them appropriately in situations that may arise.
Phytochemical analysis of Indonesian gadung mango leaf (Mangifera indica L. var. gadung) and their antibacterial activity
Authors: SULISTYARSI ANI , RAHAYU TRI , PRIMIANI CICILIA NOVI , PUJIATI PUJIATI 
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Sulistyarsi A, Rahayu T, Primiani CN, Pujiati. 2023. Phytochemical analysis of Indonesian gadung mango leaf (Mangifera indica L. var. gadung) and their antibacterial activity. Biodiversitas 24: 6295-6304. The study was carried out to find out the secondary metabolite compounds in mango leaf extract (Mangifera indica L. var. gadung) using qualitative, quantitative, LC-MS and antibacterial activity with well diffusion method in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. Research used a quantitative approach of randomized block design with variations of concentrations of 60, 80, and 100%, K- (aquadest), and K+ (chloramphenicol) in three times repeated groups. The results of qualitative and quantitative phytochemical tests show that mango leaf extract contains flavonoids (63408.464 mg/kg), saponins 3212.942 mg/kg), tannins (1050.191 mg/kg), alkaloids (605.123 mg/kg) and steroid (1050.191 mg/kg). Test of flavonoid derivat extract using LC-MS shows apigenin, kaempferol, fisetin, catechins, quercetin, ramnetin, astragalin, hirsutrin, isocercitrin, hyperin, rhamnetin 3-glucoside, rhamnetin 3-o-?galactopyranoside, isorhamnetin 3-galactoside, amentoflavone, routine, hyperin-6-gallate, epigallocycin (4??8) epigallocycin-3-ogalate ester. Antibacterial testing on S. aureus forms an average clear zone diameter of 30.46, 31.43, 32.81 mm furthermor in E.coli is 23.23, 23.84, 24.23 mm. Data of clear zone diameter was analyzed using ANOVA two-way and showed a value of sg. 0,001<0,05. It can be concluded that Indonesian gadung mango leaf extract contains secondary metabolites which have the potential to be an antibacterial agent.
Foldy: An open-source web application for interactive protein structure analysis
Authors: Roberts Jacob B. , Nava Alberto A. , Pearson Allison N. , Incha Matthew R. , Valencia Luis E. , Ma Melody , Rao Abhay , Keasling Jay D. 
Published: February 2024

Foldy is a cloud-based application that allows non-computational biologists to easily utilize advanced AI-based structural biology tools, including AlphaFold and DiffDock. With many deployment options, it can be employed by individuals, labs, universities, and companies in the cloud without requiring hardware resources, but it can also be configured to utilize locally available computers. Foldy enables scientists to predict the structure of proteins and complexes up to 6000 amino acids with AlphaFold, visualize Pfam annotations, and dock ligands with AutoDock Vina and DiffDock.
In our manuscript, we detail Foldy’s interface design, deployment strategies, and optimization for various user scenarios. We demonstrate its application through case studies including rational enzyme design and analyzing proteins with domains of unknown function. Furthermore, we compare Foldy’s interface and management capabilities with other open and closed source tools in the field, illustrating its practicality in managing complex data and computation tasks. Our manuscript underlines the benefits of Foldy as a day-to-day tool for life science researchers, and shows how Foldy can make modern tools more accessible and efficient.
Pharmacokinetic and safety profiles of mesalazine enema in healthy Chinese subjects: A single- and multiple-dose study
Authors: Cao Yuran , Wang Jingjing , Tang Xingyu , Tian Yan , Yu Jicheng , Liang Hong , Wu Jufang , Chen Yuancheng , Cao Guoying , Zhang Jing 
Published: February 2024

Mesalazine is a well-established treatment for ulcerative colitis by oral or topical administration. However, the pharmacokinetic (PK) and safety profiles of mesalazine administered by an enema has not been clarified in Chinese population. We conducted an open-label study to assess the PK and safety profiles of mesalazine in 11 healthy Chinese subjects after receiving mesalazine enema (1 g/100 mL) once daily for 7 consecutive days. Blood and urine samples were collected for assay of mesalazine and N-acetyl mesalazine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The PK and safety data were summarized using descriptive statistics. The mean (standard deviation) maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), area under plasma drug concentration-time curve from time 0 to the last measurable plasma concentration time point (AUC0-t) and elimination half-life (t1/2) of mesalazine were 1007.64 (369.00) ng/mL, 9608.59 (3533.08) h·ng/mL and 3.33 (1.99) h, respectively after the first dose administration. In multiple-dose study, the estimated accumulation factor of mesalazine was 1.09. The cumulative urinary excretion rate of parent and major metabolite of mesalazine was 27.77%. After the last doe administration, 2.21% of the administered dose was excreted as mesalazine and 24.47% as N-acetyl mesalazine in urine within 24 h. Overall, 9 adverse events (AEs) were reported in 4 of the 11 subjects (36.4%), including oral ulcer, toothache, upper respiratory tract infection (1 each) and laboratory abnormalities (6 cases). All AEs were mild and recovered spontaneously without treatment, and were not considered as related to mesalazine. Mesalazine enema (1 g/100 mL) was safe and well tolerated in healthy Chinese subjects. These findings support further clinical trials in Chinese patients.
Trial registration: This trial was registered to Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) at https://www.chictr.org.cn (registration number: ChiCTR2300073148).
Agreement between arterial and end-tidal carbon dioxide in adult patients admitted with serious traumatic brain injury
Authors: Sardesai Neil , Hibberd Owen , Price James , Ercole Ari , Barnard Ed B. G. 
Published: February 2024

Background
Low-normal levels of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) are recommended in the acute phase of traumatic brain injury (TBI) to optimize oxygen and CO2 tension, and to maintain cerebral perfusion. End-tidal CO2 (ETCO2) may be used as a surrogate for PaCO2 when arterial sampling is less readily available. ETCO2 may not be an adequate proxy to guide ventilation and the effects on concomitant injury, time, and the impact of ventilatory strategies on the PaCO2-ETCO2 gradient are not well understood. The primary objective of this study was to describe the correlation and agreement between PaCO2 and ETCO2 in intubated adult trauma patients with TBI.

Methods
This study was a retrospective analysis of prospectively-collected data of intubated adult major trauma patients with serious TBI, admitted to the East of England regional major trauma centre; 2015–2019. Linear regression and Welch’s test were performed on each cohort to assess correlation between paired PaCO2 and ETCO2 at 24-hour epochs for 120 hours after admission. Bland-Altman plots were constructed at 24-hour epochs to assess the PaCO2-ETCO2 agreement.

Results
695 patients were included, with 3812 paired PaCO2 and ETCO2 data points. The median PaCO2-ETCO2 gradient on admission was 0.8 [0.4–1.4] kPa, Bland Altman Bias of 0.96, upper (+2.93) and lower (-1.00), and correlation R2 0.149. The gradient was significantly greater in patients with TBI plus concomitant injury, compared to those with isolated TBI (0.9 [0.4–1.5] kPa vs. 0.7 [0.3–1.1] kPa, p<0.05). Across all groups the gradient reduced over time. Patients who died within 30 days had a larger gradient on admission compared to those who survived; 1.2 [0.7–1.9] kPa and 0.7 [0.3–1.2] kPa, p<0.005.

Conclusions
Amongst adult patients with TBI, the PaCO2-ETCO2 gradient was greater than previously reported values, particularly early in the patient journey, and when associated with concomitant chest injury. An increased PaCO2-ETCO2 gradient on admission was associated with increased mortality.
Acceptance of Illness and Life Satisfaction in Patients after Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Bąk Ewelina , Żywczak Magdalena , Krzemińska Sylwia 
Published: February 2024

Introduction. Stroke is a disease that ranks highest in terms of mortality worldwide. It is a chronic condition that affects functioning and social roles. Advanced diagnostic capabilities, appropriate care, and systematic and early rehabilitation significantly reduce mortality. The quality of life of stroke survivors changes as a result.
Aim. The aim of the study was to assess the acceptance and satisfaction of patients after an ischemic stroke.
Material and Methods. The study was conducted between September 2019 and December 2019 among 91 patients from the Outpatient Clinic of the Independent Municipal Health Care Facility in Zembrzyce, the Independent Public Health Care Facility in Mucharz, and patients hospitalized in the Beskid Rehabilitation and Medical Center in Jaworzno in the Neurological Rehabilitation Subunit. Two questionnaires were used for the study: the Acceptance of Illness Scale (AIS) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS).
Results. In terms of life satisfaction, 56% of the participants had low levels of satisfaction, while only 25% reported high satisfaction. The average acceptance of illness score among patients aged 40–60 was 24.2, indicating a good level of acceptance. The average score for satisfaction with life was 17.19, reflecting low levels of satisfaction.
Conclusions. Higher levels of acceptance of illness were associated with increased satisfaction with life. Acceptance of illness significantly influenced life satisfaction. Chronic conditions such as stroke make acceptance of illness more challenging. (JNNN 2023;12(3):103–111)
Regulación emocional y habilidades sociales en estudiantes de quinto grado de una institución educativa del municipio de Caloto (Cauca)
Authors: Anchico Jojoa Ana Dolores , Menjura Escobar María Inés 
Published: February 2024

The article is a synthesis of a study carried out with the objective of determining the relationship between emotional regulation and social skills of fifth grade students of an Educational Institution in the Municipality of Caloto (Cauca). From the methodological point of view, it is a study with a non-experimental descriptive-correlational scope. The sample consisted of 49 fifth grade students (19 girls and 30 boys). For the assessment of emotional regulation, the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnarie-Kids (CERQ-K) by Garnefski et al., (2007) was used, validated in Mexico by Reyes et al., (2021) and for Social Skills, Goldstein's checklist was used (1997). The results showed a statistically significant relationship between the maladaptive dimensions of self-blame and blaming others emotion regulation *P<.05 with skills to cope with stress. At a general level, a high percentage of use of the maladaptive strategy of rumination was found (64.54%) and high percentages in the adaptive strategies of refocusing on the plans (63.00%) and positive reassessment (65.20%). Regarding social skills, it was found that students are located in an enneatype (7 and 8) that corresponds to a good level of social skills.
CONHECIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E AS FAKE NEWS
Authors: Borba Edilce Maria Balbinot , Florczak Marcos Antonio 
Published: February 2024

Este artigo apresenta uma análise teórica, de natureza qualitativa, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica para tentar esclarecer se as fakes news podem ser caracterizadas como obstáculo epistemológico na aprendizagem do conhecimento científico, nas disciplinas de Ciências e Biologia, no contexto da pandemia da covid-19 e da disseminação de notícias falsas ou fake news. Para desenvolver essa proposta pretende-se identificar na obra de Gaston Bachelard a noção de obstáculo epistemológico ao reconstruir, de modo breve, a narrativa do autor, na tentativa de indicar caminhos para o conhecimento científico e as implicações das fake news nesse processo. Sabe-se que o excesso de informações, a infodemia, apresenta-se como barreira em função da dificuldade de critérios na seleção de informações relevantes e seguras como aliadas no processo educacional. Percebe-se um intenso movimento anticientífico, que não é novo, mas é possível observar seu crescimento mundial nos últimos anos. Será importante que o educador assuma uma postura investigativa e reflexiva para que o sentimento de fracasso não passe despercebido quando o comportamento instintivo não se apresente em sua prática pedagógica, por ser o detentor do conhecimento porque dessa forma todo conselho referente aos erros pedagógicos que cometem será absolutamente inútil. Sendo assim, as fake News, configuraram-se em um fenômeno do pensamento fraco ou em obstáculo epistemológico da experiência primeira, que significa deixar-se levar pelo impulso, pelo arrebatamento natural, causado pela informação, sem considerá-la criticamente, porque é na criticidade que o espírito científico se forma e se reforma, retificando saberes, quando não oferecemos resistência ao novo conhecimento.
Using Radar and Optical Satellite Images to Delineate Paleodrainages in Desert Regions: A Case Study of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Saud Mashael M. Al 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Al Saud (2023) worked on detailed cartography for all drainage systems of Saudi Arabia using SRTM DEM and topographic maps. However, a number of watercourses were noted with anomalous morphometric and sedimentological characteristics . This includes abrupt termination of stream networks, traces for dry channels and presence of linear saline soil horizons. This was attributed to the existence of paleodrainages which have been noted in several studies in the Arabian Peninsula including Saudi Arabia, and they were attributed to large global climate fluctuations that were reflected in topographic rippling and abrupt changes in terrain slopping, acting on the extinction of many watercourses and creation of others. This study characterizes paleodrainages in Saudi Arabia using remote sensing products. In this respect, SRTM DEM was used to generate detailed drainage systems; while Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) Phased Array Type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) and Advanced Space-borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) were processed to detect paleodrainages and the relevant paleo-geomorphological features using a number of digital techniques. Seven aspects of these channels were identified and all indicating the presence of alluvial sedimentation with high porous and permeable linear features which are potential to store and transmit groundwater. They can be also routs for paleodrianagesthe intrusion of saline water on-land. The identified paleodrainages can be potential groundwater aquifers, suitable sites for groundwater artificial recharge especially where saltwater is intruded along these drainages.
Towards Artificial Intelligence Based Radiometric Calibration for In-orbit Remote Sensing Satellites
Authors: Chen Boyang , Wu Aiqun , Hui Wen , Rao Peng , Guo Qiang , Feng Xuan , Chen Fansheng , Han Changpei , Ying Qichao , Gao Jun , Wu Yapeng , Liu Miao , Moss Damian , Qian Zhenxing 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Radiometric Calibration (RC) is a key step in high-precision aerospace infrared remote sensing. Currently, source-based RC is the most prevailing methodologies, where a radiometric source such as blackbody with known radiation energy is observed by the sensor and the corresponding output digital number is recorded. However, the methodology is limited by several constraints, e.g., space and weight requirement for in-orbit blackbodies, and lack of uniformity and ideal properties of blackbodies. This paper presents a new artificial intelligence based RC that directly generates RC coefficients given the state of the sensor parameters. First, we derive the relationship between the RC coefficients and the physical parameters and environmental parameters of the sensor. Next, we steadily collect a large quantity of remote sensing data using our in-orbit satellites since 2018 and correspondingly train a neural network to fit such function for the generation of RC coefficients. Finally, our extensive experiments show that the proposed method achieves high-accuracy RC comparable with state-of-the-art methods that use in-orbit blackbody. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to demonstrate an artificial-intelligence-based RC method for satellites without observation to blackbodies during in-orbit remote sensing. We anticipate that the new approach could promote the accuracy and uniformity of global infrared remote sensing data, thereby promoting the ability to discern natural laws and understand longterm environmental or celestial trends. Besides, it can substantially save the cost for carrying and observing in-orbit blackbodies.
The perceptions of physicians regarding the medical cannabis reform and the treatment of medical cannabis in Israel
Authors: barak ziv , SHIR-BARAK NOFAR , DOR MICHAEL , NISSANHOLTZ-GANNOT RACHEL 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
The medical world is mired in conflict between the growing demand for medical cannabis treatment by patients, and the lack of sufficient research evidence on the effectiveness and safety of the use of medical cannabis. The main goal of the study was to examine what are the physicians' perceptions regarding the medical cannabis reform in Israel and the treatment of medical cannabis?
Methods
105 physicians from hospitals fill out perception questionnaires characterized the physicians' perceptions regarding the cannabis reform and the treatment of medical cannabis.
Results
The analysis of the questionnaires revealed that the physicians believe that the cannabis reform contributes to the regulation of the treatment of medical cannabis and that there is indeed an openness in the medical community to the treatment of medical cannabis. Nonetheless, physicians do not perceive medical cannabis treatment as better than other treatments. The analysis of the perceptions of the physicians in relation to their background characteristics revealed that male physicians believe that the contribution of the cannabis reform in Israel is significant and that there is greater openness regarding the treatment of medical cannabis among the medical community compared to the perceptions of female physicians. Young physicians are more open to treatment using medical cannabis compared to veteran physicians. Physicians who work in the field of oncology and/or when their family member or close friend needs medical cannabis treatment, are more supportive of medical cannabis treatment.
Conclusions
In general, the more the physician believe that there is openness among his professional community to the treatment of medical cannabis, the more open he is to treatment using medical cannabis.
Entanglement Activation in Multiphoton Distillation Networks
Authors: Chen Yu-Ao , Zhang Rui , Fei Yue-Yang , Liu Zhenhuan , Zhang Xingjian , Yin Xu-Fei , Mao Yingqiu , Li Li , Liu Nai-Le , Ma Xiongfeng , Pan Jian-Wei 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

In quantum networks, residual states remaining after information processing can be valuable resources. Efficiently recycling these states to extract resources such as genuine multipartite entanglement and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pairs is essential for optimizing network performance. Our work demonstrates a tripartite entanglement distillation scheme using an eight-photon quantum platform, showcasing entanglement activation phenomena unique to multipartite systems. We successfully generate a three-photon genuinely entangled state from two bi-separable states through local operations and classical communication, illustrating multipartite entanglement activation. Furthermore, we extend our scheme to generate a three-photon state capable of extracting Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pairs from two initial states lacking this capability, revealing a new entanglement activation phenomenon. Our findings offer not only practical applications for quantum networks but also a deeper theoretical understanding of multipartite entanglement structures.