bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unilateral levator avulsion increases the risk of de novo stress urinary incontinence after cystocele repair
Authors: Hu Pan , Liu Lubin , Dai Ling , Wang Ying , Lei Li 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionPatients without concurrent baseline stress urinary incontinence (SUI) can develop de novo SUI after transvaginal mesh surgery (TVM) for cystocele repair. Surgeons should be aware of de novo SUI risk factors after TVM.MethodsA total of 1124 women who were underwent TVM surgeries were recruited and assessed for eligibility from January 1, 2012 to April 30, 2021. All data related to patients and surgeries was collected, which included general conditions, clinical examination, surgery records, and follow‐up results. Patients were divided into three groups according to follow‐up results and data were compared with each group. The relative risk (RR) of de novo SUI with levator avulsion was also calculated.ResultsThree hundred thirty‐six patients were included in this study. They were divided into no complication group (n = 249), de novo SUI group (n = 68), and other complications group (n = 19). It seemed elder or obese women had a higher risk of de novo SUI after TVM (p < 0.05). In de novo SUI group, incidence of levator avulsion before surgery were higher than the other two groups (p = 0.001). TVM can significantly change a prolapse to point Aa and Ba on POP‐Q quantification system (p < 0.05). RR ratios of de novo SUI with unilateral avulsion group is 2.60 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.39–4.87), and 2.58 (95%CI 0.82–8.15) for bilateral group.ConclusionUnilateral levator avulsion, instead of bilateral levator avulsion, is a risk factor of de novo SUI after cystocele repair surgery.
The relationship between gastric ultrasound findings and endoscopically aspirated volume in infants and determining the antral cutoff value for empty stomach diagnosis
Authors: Sever Feyza , Özmert Sengül , Dereci Selim 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground/AimsPulmonary aspiration of gastric content is a serious perioperative complication. The objective of this prospective study was to assess the relationship between the gastric volumes suctioned endoscopically and quantitative (antral cross‐section area) and qualitative (empty vs. nonempty) examination of the gastric antrum. Furthermore, the study aimed to determine the best antral cross‐section area cutoff value for a truly empty antrum in infants.MethodsThis study was performed in a pediatric gastrointestinal endoscopy unit. Antral sonography was performed in supine and right lateral decubitus positions in 46 fasted infants prior to upper gastrointestinal endoscopic evaluation. Antral cross‐sectional area measurements in both positions and qualitative evaluation of the antrum (according to a three‐point grading system) were recorded. Gastric contents were endoscopically suctioned and measured.ResultsForty‐six patients (aged under 24 months) were included. According to the three‐point qualitative grading system, 76.1% of patients were classified as grade 0. The best cutoff value for the antral cross‐section area in the right lateral decubitus position, indicating an empty antrum, was determined to be 2.40 cm2. At this specific cutoff value, the sensitivity was 100%, the specificity was 68.6%, and the negative predictive value was 100%.ConclusionsGastric ultrasonography can confirm an empty or nearly empty stomach in healthy infants.
The impact of oblique images and flight‐planning scenarios on the accuracy of UAV 3D mapping
Authors: Parmehr Ebadat Ghanbari , Savadkouhi Mohammad , Nopour Meghdad 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe developments in lightweight unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and structure‐from‐motion (SfM)‐based software have opened a new era in 3D mapping which is notably cost‐effective and fast, though the photogrammetric blocks lead to systematic height error due to inaccurate camera calibration parameters particularly when the ground control points (GCPs) are few and unevenly distributed. The use of onboard Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers (such as RTK‐ or PPK‐based devices which use the DGNSS technique) to obtain the accurate coordinates of camera perspective centres has reduced the need for ground surveys, nevertheless, the aforementioned systematic error was reported in the UAV photogrammetric blocks. In this research, three flight‐planning scenarios with oblique imagery in addition to the traditional nadir block were evaluated and processed with four different processing cases. Therefore, 16 various blocks with different overlaps, direct and indirect georeferencing approaches as well as flight‐planning scenarios were tested to examine and offer the best imaging network. The results denote that the combination of oblique images located on a circle in the centre of the block with the nadir block provides the best self‐calibration functionality and improves the final accuracy by 50% (from 0.163 to 0.085 m) for direct georeferenced blocks and by 40% (from 0.042 to 0.026 m) for indirect georeferenced blocks.
The Impact of Oxidation-Induced Degradation on Materials Used in Hydrogen-Fired Microturbines
Authors: Romedenne Marie , Pillai Rishi , Dryepondt Sebastien , Pint Bruce 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Hydrogen-fueled microturbines are being considered as part of the future green microgrid. However, the use of hydrogen as a fuel presents new challenges for selection and development of suitable high temperature materials for hydrogen combustion. The burning of hydrogen is expected to result in higher operating temperatures and higher than typically observed water vapor contents in exhaust gases versus burning natural gas. In this work, foil specimens of various Fe- and Ni-based alloys were oxidized in air + 10% H2O and air + 60% H2O for up to 5000 h at 700 °C to simulate the exhaust atmosphere of natural gas and hydrogen-fueled microturbines. The impact of alloy composition and water vapor content on the oxidation/volatilization induced loss of wall thickness was experimentally evaluated. Enhanced external oxidation and volatilization of Cr2O3 and Ti-doped Cr2O3 scales were observed in air + 60% H2O compared to air + 10% H2O. No significant impact of the higher water vapor content was observed on Al2O3 scales formed on Fe-based alumina-forming austenitic alloys. Lifetime modeling was employed to predict the combined effects of water vapor content, gas flow rates, temperature, and alloy composition on the oxidation-induced lifetime of the investigated materials.
Four Sessions of Repeated-Sprint Cycling Training With or Without Severe Hypoxia Do Not Modify Overground Running Sprint Force–Velocity Profile
Authors: Brocherie Franck , Racinais Sebastien , Couderc Anthony , Piscione Julien , Girard Olivier 
Published: October 2023

Purpose: To investigate the effect of cycling-based repeated-sprint training in hypoxia versus in normoxia on single overground running sprint performance and associated force–velocity (F–V) profile in world-class female rugby sevens players. Methods: Eighteen world-class female rugby sevens players were randomly assigned to repeated-sprint cycling training in normobaric hypoxia (n = 9) or normoxia (n = 9) groups. Training consisted of 4 sessions of repeated-sprint cycling training in normobaric hypoxia or in normoxia (4 × 5 × 5-s cycle sprints—25-s intersprint recovery performed in simulated altitude of ∼5000 m or in normoxia with 3-min interset rest in normoxia for both groups) in addition to rugby sevens training and strength and conditioning sessions within a 9-day intervention period before an international competition. Before and 1 day after the intervention, single 50-m overground running “all-out” sprint performance and associated F–V-related mechanical output were assessed. Results: No interaction (group × time; all P > .088), time effect (before vs 1 d after; all P > .296), or group effect (repeated-sprint cycling training in normobaric hypoxia vs in normoxia; all P > .325) was detected for 50-m overground running sprint performance and any derived F–V profiling variables. Conclusions: Four sessions of repeated-sprint training either in hypoxia or in normoxia performed over 9 days had no influence on single 50-m overground running sprint performance and associated F–V profile. In world-class female rugby sevens players, the intervention (training camp before an international competition) might have been too short to induce measurable changes. It is also plausible that implementing a similar program in players with likely different F–V profile may result in negligible mechanical effect.
Construction and application of the conditionally essential gene knockdown library in
Klebsiella pneumoniae
to screen potential antimicrobial targets and virulence genes via Mobile-CRISPRi-seq
Authors: Zhu Qing , Lin Qiang , Jiang Yushan , Chen Shuyan , Tian Junxuan , Yang Shijin , Li Yuanchun , Li Mengjun , Wang Yuelin , Shen Chenguang , Meng Songdong , Yang Liang , Feng Youjun , Qu Jiuxin 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Klebsiella pneumoniae
is a ubiquitous human pathogen, and its clinical treatment faces two major challenges: multidrug resistance and the pathogenesis of hypervirulent
K. pneumoniae
. The discovery and study of conditionally essential (CE) genes that can function as potential antimicrobial targets has always been a research concern due to their restriction in the development of novel antibiotics. However, the lack of essential functional genomic data has hampered the study of the mechanisms of essential genes related to antimicrobial susceptibility. In this study, we developed a pooled CE genes mobile clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) interference screening method (Mobile-CRISPRi-seq) for
K. pneumoniae
to identify genes that play critical roles in antimicrobial fitness
in vitro
and host immunity
in vivo
. Targeting 870 predicted CE genes in
K. pneumoniae
, Mobile-CRISPRi-seq uncovered the depletion of tetrahydrofolate synthesis pathway genes
folB
and
folP
under trimethoprim pressure. Our screening also identified genes
waaE
and
fldA
related to polymyxin and β-lactam susceptibility by applying a screening strategy based on Mobile-CRISPRi-seq and comparative genomics. Furthermore, using a mouse infection model and Mobile-CRISPRi-seq, multiple virulence genes were identified, and among these genes,
pal
,
yciS,
and
ribB
were demonstrated to contribute to the pathogenesis of
K. pneumoniae
. This study provides a simple, rapid, and effective platform for screening potential antimicrobial targets and virulence genes in
K. pneumoniae
, and this broadly applicable system can be expanded for high-throughput functional gene study in multiple pathogenic bacteria, especially in gram-negative bacteria.

IMPORTANCE

The discovery and investigation of conditionally essential (CE) genes that can function as potential antimicrobial targets has always been a research concern because of the restriction of antimicrobial targets in the development of novel antibiotics. In this study, we developed a pooled CE gene-wide mobile clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) interference sequencing (Mobile-CRISPRi-seq) strategy in
Klebsiella pneumoniae
to identify genes that play critical roles in the fitness of antimicrobials
in vitro
and host immunity
in vivo
. The data suggest a robust tool to screen for loss-of-function phenotypes in a pooled gene knockdown library in
K. pneumoniae
, and Mobile-CRISPRi-seq may be expanded to multiple bacteria for screening and identification of genes with crucial roles in the fitness of antimicrobials and hosts.
OAS1 suppresses African swine fever virus replication by recruiting TRIM21 to degrade viral major capsid protein
Authors: Sun Hualin , Wu Mengli , Zhang Zhonghui , Wang Yiwang , Yang Jifei , Liu Zhijie , Guan Guiquan , Luo Jianxun , Yin Hong , Niu Qingli 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious lethal viral disease in pigs caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), which has greatly threatened Chinese animal health and the pork industry. Studies on host-virus interaction are essential for developing novel anti-ASFV strategies. The 2′, 5′-oligoadenylate synthetase gene 1 (OAS1) is a key interferon-stimulating gene (ISG) effector protein that promotes innate antiviral responses. This study provided evidence that OAS1 is significantly upregulated and inhibits ASFV infection. Overexpression of OAS1 can promote the activation of the JAK-STAT pathway and enhance phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT2, thus promoting innate immune responses and host antiviral strategies. Additional mechanism studies showed that AT-enriched dsDNA in the ASFV genome was converted to dsRNA by RNA polymerase III. OAS1 is thus activated after sensing the dsRNA to produce OAS, which could activate the antiviral function of RNase L and further degrade virus-derived mRNA. Furthermore, OAS1 directly interacts with P72, recruiting TRIM21 to inhibit the replication of ASFV and the assembly of mature virions using K63 as the main ubiquitin site to form a polyubiquitination chain to degrade P72. Furthermore, P72 can prevent the interaction between DDX6 and OAS1, inhibiting the production of avSG and the antiviral ability of the host. Our study identified a novel role of OAS1 by interacting with viral proteins P72 and affecting avSG formation inducing the host antiviral response, and controlling ASFV replication.

IMPORTANCE

African swine fever virus (ASFV) completes the replication process by resisting host antiviral response
via
inhibiting interferon (IFN) secretion and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) function. 2′, 5′-Oligoadenylate synthetase gene 1 (OAS1) has been reported to inhibit the replication of various RNA and some DNA viruses. However, the regulatory mechanisms involved in the ASFV-induced IFN-related pathway still need to be fully elucidated. Here, we found that OAS1, as a critical host factor, inhibits ASFV replication in an RNaseL-dependent manner. Furthermore, overexpression of OAS1 can promote the activation of the JAK-STAT pathway promoting innate immune responses. In addition, OAS1 plays a new function, which could interact with ASFV P72 protein to suppress ASFV infection. Mechanistically, OAS1 enhances the proteasomal degradation of P72 by promoting TRIM21-mediated ubiquitination. Meanwhile, P72 inhibits the production of avSG and affects the interaction between OAS1 and DDX6. Our findings demonstrated OAS1 as an important target against ASFV replication and revealed the mechanisms and intrinsic regulatory relationships during ASFV infection.
Rare Earth Element Resource Potential of Super-Large Deposits in Eastern Fennoscandia
Authors: Kogarko L. N. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This work has been carried out to assess the rare-earth potential of the main ore minerals of the Lovozero and Khibiny deposits. The loparite and eudialyte deposits are associated with the giant Lovozero intrusion (Eastern Fennoscandia, Kola Peninsula). There are several deposits of apatite–nepheline ores in the Khibiny complex. All these ores take the leading position in the structure of the raw material base of Russia. The highest contents of the sum of rare earth metals (REMs) are typical of loparite ores (the content of ΣREE in loparites is about 28 wt %), light rare earths sharply dominate over heavy ones (the Ce/Yb ratio is about 78000). The sum of REEs in eudialytes is about 2 wt %. A remarkable feature of eudialyte ores is the high concentration of the heavy REM group (the Ce/Yb ratio is about 14). The apatites of the Khibiny deposits occupy an intermediate position: the Ce/Yb ratio is 680, and the average concentration of the REE sum is 0.9 wt %. The conditions of formation of apatite, loparite, and eudialyte ores are considered.
Neutrophil levels correlate with quantitative extent and progression of fibrosis in IPF: results of a single-centre cohort study
Authors: Achaiah Andrew , Fraser Emily , Saunders Peter , Hoyles Rachel K , Benamore Rachel , Ho Ling-Pei 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive fibrotic lung disease with poor prognosis. Clinical studies have demonstrated association between different blood leucocytes and mortality and forced vital capacity (FVC) decline. Here, we question which blood leucocyte levels are specifically associated with progression of fibrosis, measured by accumulation of fibrosis on CT scan using a standardised automated method.MethodsUsing the Computer-Aided Lung Informatics for Pathology Evaluation and Rating CT algorithm, we determined the correlation between different blood leucocytes (<4 months from CT) and total lung fibrosis (TLF) scores, pulmonary vessel volume (PVV), FVC% and transfer factor of lung for carbon monoxide% at baseline (n=171) and with progression of fibrosis (n=71), the latter using multivariate Cox regression.ResultsNeutrophils (but not monocyte or lymphocytes) correlated with extent of lung fibrosis (TLF/litre) (r=0.208, p=0.007), PVV (r=0.259, p=0.001), FVC% (r=−0.127, p=0.029) at baseline. For the 71 cases with repeat CT; median interval between CTs was 25.9 (16.8–39.9) months. Neutrophil but not monocyte levels are associated with increase in TLF/litre (HR 2.66, 95% CI 1.35 to 5.25, p=0.005).ConclusionOur study shows that neutrophil rather than monocyte levels correlated with quantifiable increase in fibrosis on imaging of the lungs in IPF, suggesting its relative greater contribution to progression of fibrosis in IPF.
Use of geographically weighted regression models to inform retail endgame strategies in South Korea: application to cigarette and ENDS prevalence
Authors: Kang Heewon , Cheon Eunsil , Ha Jaeyoung , Cho Sung-il 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundReducing tobacco retailer availability is a key tobacco endgame policy. The development and evaluation of retail-based policies require spatial methodologies. We modelled the prevalence of adult cigarette and electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) use according to tobacco retailer density, considering geographical variations.MethodsRegistration data for tobacco retail businesses, a population-representative survey of South Koreans aged ≥19 years, and population and land area data were used. We merged the datasets according to geographical units. Ordinary least squares (OLS) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) analyses were conducted to model cigarette and ENDS use prevalence, respectively.FindingsTobacco retailer density was associated with increased cigarette use prevalence in the OLS model (β=2.19, p=0.02). A 1.9-fold difference by region was identified for the coefficient, indicating an association with tobacco retailer density (minimum 1.39, maximum 2.65), in the GWR analysis. No significant association was present between tobacco retailer density and ENDS prevalence in either the OLS (β=0.24, p=0.37) or the GWR model (minimum 0.20, maximum 0.28).ConclusionOur results suggest the importance of using spatial methods to develop and evaluate retail-based endgame policies. The establishment of tobacco retailer databases by the introduction of licensing is necessary to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of tobacco retailer regulations.
Exercise prescription for persons with spinal cord injury: a review of physiological considerations and evidence-based guidelines
Authors: Pelletier Chelsea 
Published: October 2023

Persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) experience gains in fitness, physical and mental health from regular participation in exercise and physical activity. Due to changes in physiological function of the cardiovascular, nervous, and muscular systems, general population physical activity guidelines and traditional exercise prescription methods are not appropriate for the SCI population. Exercise guidelines specific to persons with SCI recommend progressive training beginning at 20 min of moderate to vigorous intensity aerobic exercise twice per week transitioning to 30 min three times per week, with strength training of the major muscle groups two times per week. These population-specific guidelines were designed considering the substantial barriers to physical activity for persons with SCI and can be used to frame an individual exercise prescription. Rating of perceived exertion (i.e., perceptually regulated exercise) is a practical way to indicate moderate to vigorous intensity exercise in community settings. Adapted exercise modes include arm cycle ergometry, hybrid arm–leg cycling, and recumbent elliptical equipment. Body weight-supported treadmill training and other rehabilitation modalities may improve some aspects of health and fitness for people with SCI if completed at sufficient intensity. Disability-specific community programs offer beneficial opportunities for persons with SCI to experience quality exercise opportunities but are not universally available.
Decay of the $$Z^\prime $$ gauge boson with lepton flavor violation
Authors: Espinosa-Gómez D. , Ramírez-Zavaleta F. , Tututi E. S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe flavor-violating decay of a new neutral massive gauge boson $$Z^\prime \rightarrow \mu e$$

Z
′

→
μ
e

is analyzed in the context of extended models, in which this particle emerges. By means of the analysis of the $$\mu \rightarrow e\gamma $$

μ
→
e
γ

decay, $$\mu -e$$

μ
-
e

conversion process in nuclei and the $$\mu \rightarrow e e^{+}e^{-}$$

μ
→
e

e
+

e
-

decay, the strength of the $$Z^\prime \mu e$$

Z
′

μ
e

coupling is estimated and used to calculate the branching ratio of the $$Z^\prime \rightarrow \mu e$$

Z
′

→
μ
e

decay. This is done for the so-called $$Z_S,\,Z_{LR},\,Z_\chi , Z_\psi $$

Z
S

,

Z

LR

,

Z
χ

,

Z
ψ

and $$Z_\eta $$

Z
η

bosons. We found that, through the $$\mu -e$$

μ
-
e

conversion process, the most restrictive bound for the coupling is provided by the $$Z_{LR}$$

Z

LR

boson. Meanwhile, by means of the $$\mu \rightarrow e e^{+}e^{-}$$

μ
→
e

e
+

e
-

decay, the most restrictive bound for the $$Z^\prime \mu e$$

Z
′

μ
e

coupling is provided by the $$Z_\chi $$

Z
χ

boson. However, if we concentrate on the less restrictive prediction for the Br($$Z^\prime \rightarrow \mu e$$

Z
′

→
μ
e

), this comes from the $$Z_\eta $$

Z
η

boson and the resulting branching ratio is less than $$10^{-4}$$

10

-
4

. On the other hand, if we consider the most restrictive bound, the branching ratio for the process is below $$2\times 10^{-7}$$

2
×

10

-
7

, which results from the $$Z_{RL}$$

Z

RL

boson, and is obtained through the $$\mu -e$$

μ
-
e

conversion process.
Multiscale Velocity Gradients in Turbulence
Authors: Johnson Perry L. , Wilczek Michael 
Published: October 2023

Understanding and predicting turbulent flow phenomena remain a challenge for both theory and applications. The nonlinear and nonlocal character of small-scale turbulence can be comprehensively described in terms of the velocity gradients, which determine fundamental quantities like dissipation, enstrophy, and the small-scale topology of turbulence. The dynamical equation for the velocity gradient succinctly encapsulates the nonlinear physics of turbulence; it offers an intuitive description of a host of turbulence phenomena and enables establishing connections between turbulent dynamics, statistics, and flow structure. The consideration of filtered velocity gradients enriches this view to express the multiscale aspects of nonlinearity and flow structure in a formulation directly applicable to large-eddy simulations. Driven by theoretical advances together with growing computational and experimental capabilities, recent activities in this area have elucidated key aspects of turbulence physics and advanced modeling capabilities.