bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling the effect of temperature on rhizome sprouting in the invasive weed silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium)
Authors: Kapiluto Omer , Smirnov Evgeny , Achdary Guy , Eizenberg Hanan , Lati Ran Nisim 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSilverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.), a noxious, highly invasive perennial weed, poses a significant threat to irrigated summer crops, vegetables, and orchards. This weed has the ability to reproduce both sexually through seed production and asexually via an extensive underground rhizome network, the latter playing a major role in the weed’s invasion, establishment, and persistence. Our aims were thus to assess the impact of temperature on rhizome sprouting for fragments of different lengths and to model the sprouting dynamics. The influence of temperature on the sprouting of rhizome fragments (2.5-, 5-, 7.5-, or 10-cm long) was investigated in growth chambers at eight temperatures ranging from 10 to 45 C. The highest sprouting proportions for 10-cm rhizome fragments were recorded at 30 and 35 C in complete darkness. The highest sprouting time for all fragment lengths was observed at 15 C in complete darkness. Modeling sprouting rates as a function of temperature gave the cardinal temperatures for the four different rhizome fragment lengths, with Tb (base temperature) values of 12.80, 9.34, 9.14, and 9.50 C, To (optimal temperature) values of 38.9
$$0$$
, 36.60, 35.16, and 34.86 C, and Tc (ceiling temperature) values of 39.80, 40.08, 40.50, and 40.80 C for rhizome lengths of 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 cm, respectively. Based on these findings, the potential for S. elaeagnifolium to spread to new areas and possible new management strategies are discussed; these offer a novel approach for informed decision making regarding the control of this weed.
Design of a wearable shoulder exoskeleton robot with dual-purpose gravity compensation and a compliant misalignment compensation mechanism
Authors: Atkins John , Chang Dongjune , Lee Hyunglae 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper presents the design and validation of a wearable shoulder exoskeleton robot intended to serve as a platform for assistive controllers that can mitigate the risk of musculoskeletal disorders seen in workers. The design features a four-bar mechanism that moves the exoskeleton’s center of mass from the upper shoulders to the user’s torso, dual-purpose gravity compensation mechanism located inside the four-bar’s linkages that supports the full gravitational loading from the exoskeleton with partial user’s arm weight compensation, and a novel 6 degree-of-freedom (DoF) compliant misalignment compensation mechanism located between the end effector and the user’s arm to allow shoulder translation while maintaining control of the arm’s direction. Simulations show the four-bar design lowers the center of mass by$ 11 $ cm and the kinematic chain can follow the motion of common upper arm trajectories. Experimental tests show the gravity compensation mechanism compensates gravitational loading within$ \pm 0.5 $ Nm over the range of shoulder motion and the misalignment compensation mechanism has the desired 6 DoF stiffness characteristics and range of motion to adjust for shoulder center translation. Finally, a workspace admittance controller was implemented and evaluated showing the system is capable of accurately reproducing simulated impedance behavior with transparent low-impedance human operation.
Observational Evidence Reveals Compound Humid Heat Stress‐Extreme Rainfall Hotspots in India
Authors: Ganguli Poulomi , Merz Bruno 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSequential climate hazards, such as “warm and wet” compound extremes, have direct societal implications for highly urbanized regions and agricultural production. While typically extreme temperatures and rainfall are inversely correlated during the summer, extreme humid heatwaves often lead to atmospheric instability and moisture convection, increasing the likelihood of extreme precipitation (EP). Little is known about how heatwave characteristics, such as peak intensity and duration, influence EP at a regional scale. Using high‐resolution, sub‐daily station‐based observational records over five decades (1971–2021) across India, we find a robust increase in the frequency of compound humid heat‐peak precipitation events in all seasons. Our sensitivity analysis of the impact of humid heatwave characteristics on the subsequent sub‐daily rainfall extremes reveals that, with an increase in peak heatwave intensity for a given heatwave duration, >50% of sites show an increase in the magnitude of rainfall; conversely, with an increase in heatwave duration for a given peak heatwave intensity, around 67% sites show a decline in sub‐daily rainfall extremes. An asymmetrical shift toward above‐average precipitation extremes in response to humid heat stress is mainly clustered around low‐elevation, densely populated coastal areas and the irrigation‐intensive Indo‐Gangetic Plains.
Evening Solar Terminator Waves in Earth's Thermosphere: Neutral Wind Signatures Observed by ICON‐MIGHTI
Authors: Gasque L. Claire , Harding Brian J. , Immel Thomas J. , Wu Yen‐Jung , Triplett Colin C. , Vadas Sharon L. , Becker Erich , Maute Astrid 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe moving solar terminator (ST) generates atmospheric disturbances, broadly termed solar terminator waves (STWs). Despite theoretically recurring daily, STWs remain poorly understood, partially due to measurement challenges near the ST. Analyzing Michelson Interferometer for Global High‐resolution Thermospheric Imaging (MIGHTI) data from NASA's Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) observatory, we present observations of STW signatures in thermospheric neutral winds, including the first reported meridional wind signatures. Seasonal analysis reveals STWs are most prominent during solstices, when they intersect the ST about ∼20° latitude from the equator in the winter hemisphere and have phase fronts inclined at a ∼40° angle to the ST. We also provide the first observed STW altitude profiles, revealing large vertical wavelengths above 200 km. Comparing these observations to four different models suggests the STWs likely originate directly or indirectly from waves from below 97 km. STWs may play an under‐recognized role in the daily variability of the thermosphere‐ionosphere system, warranting further study.
MJO Seasonality in Its Scale Selection: Perspectives From Space‐Time Spectral Analysis of Moisture Budget
Authors: Wei Yuntao , Ren Hong‐Li 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) displays an evident seasonality in its spatiotemporal scale selection. In boreal winter, the MJO is best behaved at wavenumber 2 and oscillates on a narrow time scale centering on a ∼55‐day period. In contrast, a wavenumber‐1 selection and a broad oscillation frequency centering on a ∼33‐day period are observed in boreal summer. Using the space‐time cross‐spectral analysis between convection and moisture budget, we reveal that column processes determine seasonal variations in the MJO spatial organization, while the MJO is strongly damped by the horizontal moisture advection mainly due to its meridional component (Vadv). A timescale decomposition analysis suggests that the damping effect of Vadv results primarily from high‐frequency synoptic‐scale disturbances, and the Vadv component related to the seasonal‐mean moisture generally supports the MJO growth at large wavenumbers while inhibits the growth of small wavenumbers, which is the most evident in boreal summer. The advection of seasonal‐mean moisture by anomalous zonal winds supports the MJO growth at all wavenumbers in boreal winter, but in boreal summer the growth becomes weak and even turns negative for small wavenumbers. Furthermore, different MJO timescale selections in winter versus summer are rooted in the Vadv, as both the column processes and zonal moisture advection mainly support the propagation of high‐frequency modes. Observational results related to the horizontal seasonal‐mean moisture advection are reasonably validated in a dynamical moisture model. These findings advance our understanding of the MJO seasonality and offer alternative diagnoses for evaluating the MJO simulation fidelity in contemporary climate models.
Characterizing Erosion and Deposition in and Around Riparian Vegetation Patches: Complex Flow Hydraulics, Sediment Supply, and Morphodynamic Feedbacks
Authors: Tranmer Andrew W. , Ji Un , Ahn Myeonghui , Jung Sang Hwa , Yager Elowyn M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRiparian vegetation plays a fundamental role in alluvial channel evolution by modifying flow and sedimentation dynamics. To elucidate the roles of sediment supply, flow‐dependent transport capacity, and morphodynamic feedbacks on the evolution of emergent vegetation patches over a single hydrograph, we conducted two experiments with different reach‐scale sediment supplies: a high‐supply experiment (HSE) and low‐supply experiment (LSE). We measured flow velocities, bedload transport, and topographic changes around a full‐scale patch of live emergent willows in an outdoor laboratory flume. Erosion occurred in the patch‐adjacent channel areas irrespective of the sediment supply, whereas deposition within the patch interior was suppressed in the LSE and enhanced in the HSE. The magnitude of patch deposition in each experiment was controlled by the local sediment supply to the patch and local sediment mobility during each discharge in the hydrograph. The local sediment supply was affected by bed morphodynamics at the patch head, which modulated the reach‐scale sediment supply by redistributing the bedload in the channel. Sediment mobility within the patch was flow‐dependent and a function of velocity and turbulent kinetic energy. For different discharges, the velocity in the patch changed proportionally with the freestream velocity; however, the turbulent kinetic energy was more sensitive, being elevated compared with the freestream during high flows and inhibited at low flows. Therefore, deposition and erosion within vegetation patches are not simply functions of the reach‐scale sediment supply or patch flow characteristics, as is often assumed, but additionally depend on the local sediment supply to the patch interior.
Variations in Bedrock and Vegetation Cover Modulate Subsurface Water Flow Dynamics of a Mountainous Hillslope
Authors: Uhlemann S. , Peruzzo L. , Chou C. , Williams K. H. , Wielandt S. , Wang C. , Falco N. , Wu Y. , Carr B. , Meldrum P. , Chambers J. , Dafflon B. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPredicting the hydrological response of watersheds to climate disturbances requires a detailed understanding of the processes connecting hillslopes and streams. Using a network of soil moisture and temperature sensors, electrical resistivity tomography monitoring, and a weather station we assess the above and below‐ground processes driving the hydrological response of a hillslope during snowmelt and summer monsoon. The transect covers bedrock and vegetation gradients, with a steep upper part characterized by shallow bedrock, and gentle lower part underlain by colluvium. The main vegetation cover is conifers on the upper, and grass and veratrum on the lower part. Combined with a simplified hydrological model, we show that the thin soil layer of the steep slope acts as a preferential flow path, leading to mostly shallow lateral flow, interrupted by vertical flow, mostly at tree locations, and likely facilitated by flow along fractures and roots. Vertical flow and upstream‐driven groundwater dynamics are prevailing at the colluvium, presenting a very different hydrological behavior compared to the upper part. These results show that subsurface structure and features have a strong control on the hydrological response of a hillslope and that those can create considerably varying hydrological dynamics across small spatial scales.
Nutrient restriction-activated Fra-2 promotes tumor progression via IGF1R in miR-15a downmodulated pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Rampioni Vinciguerra Gian Luca , Capece Marina , Reggiani Bonetti Luca , Nigita Giovanni , Calore Federica , Rentsch Sydney , Magistri Paolo , Ballarin Roberto , Di Benedetto Fabrizio , Distefano Rosario , Cirombella Roberto , Vecchione Andrea , Belletti Barbara , Baldassarre Gustavo , Lovat Francesca , Croce Carlo M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal disease, characterized by an intense desmoplastic reaction that compresses blood vessels and limits nutrient supplies. PDAC aggressiveness largely relies on its extraordinary capability to thrive and progress in a challenging tumor microenvironment. Dysregulation of the onco-suppressor miR-15a has been extensively documented in PDAC. Here, we identified the transcription factor Fos-related antigen-2 (Fra-2) as a miR-15a target mediating the adaptive mechanism of PDAC to nutrient deprivation. We report that the IGF1 signaling pathway was enhanced in nutrient deprived PDAC cells and that Fra-2 and IGF1R were significantly overexpressed in miR-15a downmodulated PDAC patients. Mechanistically, we discovered that miR-15a repressed IGF1R expression via Fra-2 targeting. In miR-15a-low context, IGF1R hyperactivated mTOR, modulated the autophagic flux and sustained PDAC growth in nutrient deprivation. In a genetic mouse model, Mir15aKO PDAC showed Fra-2 and Igf1r upregulation and mTOR activation in response to diet restriction. Consistently, nutrient restriction improved the efficacy of IGF1R inhibition in a Fra-2 dependent manner. Overall, our results point to a crucial role of Fra-2 in the cellular stress response due to nutrient restriction typical of pancreatic cancer and support IGF1R as a promising and vulnerable target in miR-15a downmodulated PDAC.
Histone demethylase KDM7A regulates bone homeostasis through balancing osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation
Authors: Shan Liying , Yang Xiaoli , Liao Xiaoxia , Yang Zheng , Zhou Jie , Li Xiaoxia , Wang Baoli 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHistone methylation plays a crucial role in various cellular processes. We previously reported the in vitro function of histone lysine demethylase 7 A (KDM7A) in osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation. The current study was undertaken to investigate the physiological role of KDM7A in bone homeostasis and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. A conditional strategy was employed to delete the Kdm7a gene specifically in osterix-expressing osteoprogenitor cells in mice. The resulting mutant mice exhibited a significant increase in cancellous bone mass, accompanied by an increase in osteoblasts and bone formation, as well as a reduction in osteoclasts, marrow adipocytes and bone resorption. The bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and calvarial pre-osteoblastic cells derived from the mutant mice exhibited enhanced osteogenic differentiation and suppressed adipogenic differentiation. Additionally, osteoclastic precursor cells from the mutant mice exhibited impaired osteoclast differentiation. Co-culturing BMSCs from the mutant mice with wild-type osteoclast precursor cells resulted in the inhibition of osteoclast differentiation. Mechanistic investigation revealed that KDM7A was able to upregulate the expression of fibroblast activation protein α (FAP) and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) in BMSCs through removing repressive di-methylation marks of H3K9 and H3K27 from Fap and Rankl promoters. Moreover, recombinant FAP attenuated the dysregulation of osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation in BMSCs from Kdm7a deficient mice. Finally, Kdm7a deficiency prevented ovariectomy-induced bone loss in mice. This study establish the role of KDM7A in bone homeostasis through its epigenetic regulation of osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation. Consequently, inhibiting KDM7A may prove beneficial in ameliorating osteoporosis.
Deoxycytidine kinase inactivation enhances gemcitabine resistance and sensitizes mitochondrial metabolism interference in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Dash Suman , Ueda Takeshi , Komuro Akiyoshi , Honda Masahiko , Sugisawa Ryoichi , Okada Hitoshi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is considered one of the most lethal forms of cancer. Although in the last decade, an increase in 5-year patient survival has been observed, the mortality rate remains high. As a first-line treatment for PDAC, gemcitabine alone or in combination (gemcitabine plus paclitaxel) has been used; however, drug resistance to this regimen is a growing issue. In our previous study, we reported MYC/glutamine dependency as a therapeutic target in gemcitabine-resistant PDAC secondary to deoxycytidine kinase (DCK) inactivation. Moreover, enrichment of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)-associated genes was a common property shared by PDAC cell lines, and patient clinical samples coupled with low DCK expression was also demonstrated, which implicates DCK in cancer metabolism. In this article, we reveal that the expression of most genes encoding mitochondrial complexes is remarkably upregulated in PDAC patients with low DCK expression. The DCK-knockout (DCK KO) CFPAC-1 PDAC cell line model reiterated this observation. Particularly, OXPHOS was functionally enhanced in DCK KO cells as shown by a higher oxygen consumption rate and mitochondrial ATP production. Electron microscopic observations revealed abnormal mitochondrial morphology in DCK KO cells. Furthermore, DCK inactivation exhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) reduction accompanied with ROS-scavenging gene activation, such as SOD1 and SOD2. SOD2 inhibition in DCK KO cells clearly induced cell growth suppression. In combination with increased anti-apoptotic gene BCL2 expression in DCK KO cells, we finally reveal that venetoclax and a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor are therapeutically efficacious for DCK-inactivated CFPAC-1 cells in in vitro and xenograft models. Hence, our work provides insight into inhibition of mitochondrial metabolism as a novel therapeutic approach to overcome DCK inactivation-mediated gemcitabine resistance in PDAC patient treatment.
Optical Tellegen metamaterial with spontaneous magnetization
Authors: Safaei Jazi Shadi , Faniayeu Ihar , Cichelero Rafael , Tzarouchis Dimitrios C. , Asgari Mohammad Mahdi , Dmitriev Alexandre , Fan Shanhui , Asadchy Viktar 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe nonreciprocal magnetoelectric effect, also known as the Tellegen effect, promises a number of groundbreaking phenomena connected to fundamental (e.g., electrodynamics of axion and relativistic matter) and applied physics (e.g., magnetless isolators). We propose a three-dimensional metamaterial with an isotropic and resonant Tellegen response in the visible frequency range. The metamaterial is formed by randomly oriented bi-material nanocylinders in a host medium. Each nanocylinder consists of a ferromagnet in a single-domain magnetic state and a high-permittivity dielectric operating near the magnetic Mie-type resonance. The proposed metamaterial requires no external magnetic bias and operates on the spontaneous magnetization of the nanocylinders. By leveraging the emerging magnetic Weyl semimetals, we further show how a giant bulk effective magnetoelectric effect can be achieved in a proposed metamaterial, exceeding that of natural materials by almost four orders of magnitude.
Biomimetic mercury immobilization by selenium functionalized polyphenylene sulfide fabric
Authors: Li Hailong , Meng Fanyue , Zhu Penglin , Zu Hongxiao , Yang Zequn , Qu Wenqi , Yang Jianping 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHighly efficient decontamination of elemental mercury (Hg0) remains an enormous challenge for public health and ecosystem protection. The artificial conversion of Hg0 into mercury chalcogenides could achieve Hg0 detoxification and close the global mercury cycle. Herein, taking inspiration from the bio-detoxification of mercury, in which selenium preferentially converts mercury from sulfoproteins to HgSe, we propose a biomimetic approach to enhance the conversion of Hg0 into mercury chalcogenides. In this proof-of-concept design, we use sulfur-rich polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) as the Hg0 transporter. The relatively stable, sulfur-linked aromatic rings result in weak adsorption of Hg0 on the PPS rather than the formation of metastable HgS. The weakly adsorbed mercury subsequently migrates to the adjacent selenium sites for permanent immobilization. The sulfur-selenium pair affords an unprecedented Hg0 adsorption capacity and uptake rate of 1621.9 mg g−1 and 1005.6 μg g−1 min−1, respectively, which are the highest recorded values among various benchmark materials. This work presents an intriguing concept for preparing Hg0 adsorbents and could pave the way for the biomimetic remediation of diverse pollutants.
Sonic hedgehog-heat shock protein 90β axis promotes the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice
Authors: Zhang Weitao , Lu Junfeng , Feng Lianshun , Xue Hanyue , Shen Shiyang , Lai Shuiqing , Li PingPing , Li Ping , Kuang Jian , Yang Zhiwei , Xu Xiaojun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSonic hedgehog (SHH) and heat shock protein 90β (HSP90β) have been implicated in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) but their molecular mechanisms of action remain elusive. We find that HSP90β is a key SHH downstream molecule for promoting NASH process. In hepatocytes, SHH reduces HSP90β ubiquitylation through deubiquitylase USP31, thus preventing HSP90β degradation and promoting hepatic lipid synthesis. HSP90β significantly increases in NASH mouse model, leading to secretion of exosomes enriched with miR-28-5p. miR-28-5p directly targetes and decreases Rap1b levels, which in turn promotes NF-κB transcriptional activity in macrophages and stimulates the expression of inflammatory factors. Genetic deletion, pharmacological inhibition of the SHH-HSP90β axis, or delivery of miR-28-5p to macrophages in the male mice liver, impairs NASH symptomatic development. Importantly, there is a markedly higher abundance of miR-28-5p in NASH patient sera. Taken together, the SHH-HSP90β-miR-28-5p axis offers promising therapeutic targets against NASH, and serum miR-28-5p may serve as a NASH diagnostic biomarker.
EFHD2 suppresses intestinal inflammation by blocking intestinal epithelial cell TNFR1 internalization and cell death
Authors: Wu Jiacheng , Xu Xiaoqing , Duan Jiaqi , Chai Yangyang , Song Jiaying , Gong Dongsheng , Wang Bingjing , Hu Ye , Han Taotao , Ding Yuanyuan , Liu Yin , Li Jingnan , Cao Xuetao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTNF acts as one pathogenic driver for inducing intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) death and substantial intestinal inflammation. How the IEC death is regulated to physiologically prevent intestinal inflammation needs further investigation. Here, we report that EF-hand domain-containing protein D2 (EFHD2), highly expressed in normal intestine tissues but decreased in intestinal biopsy samples of ulcerative colitis patients, protects intestinal epithelium from TNF-induced IEC apoptosis. EFHD2 inhibits TNF-induced apoptosis in primary IECs and intestinal organoids (enteroids). Mice deficient of Efhd2 in IECs exhibit excessive IEC death and exacerbated experimental colitis. Mechanistically, EFHD2 interacts with Cofilin and suppresses Cofilin phosphorylation, thus blocking TNF receptor I (TNFR1) internalization to inhibit IEC apoptosis and consequently protecting intestine from inflammation. Our findings deepen the understanding of EFHD2 as the key regulator of membrane receptor trafficking, providing insight into death receptor signals and autoinflammatory diseases.