bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The measurement of Bacillus mycoides spore adhesion using atomic force microscopy, simple counting methods, and a spinning disk technique
Authors: Bowen W. Richard , Fenton Adam S. , Lovitt Robert W. , Wright Chris J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAn atomic force microscope has been used to study the adhesion of Bacillus mycoides spores to a hydrophilic glass surface and a hydrophobic‐coated glass surface. AFM images of spores attached to the hydrophobic‐coated mica surface allowed the measurement of spore dimensions in an aqueous environment without desiccation. The spore exosporium was observed to be flexible and to promote the adhesion of the spore by increasing the area of spore contact with the surface. Results from counting procedures using light microscopy matched the density of spores observed on the hydrophobic‐coated glass surface with AFM. However, no spores were observed on the hydrophilic glass surface with AFM, a consequence of the weaker adhesion of the spores at this surface. AFM was also used to quantify directly the interactions of B. mycoides spores at the two surfaces in an aqueous environment. The measurements used “spore probes” constructed by immobilizing a single spore at the apex of a tipless AFM cantilever. The data showed that stretching and sequential bond breaking occurred as the spores were retracted from the hydrophilic glass surface. The greatest spore adhesion was measured at the hydrophobic‐coated glass surface. An attractive force on the spores was measured as the spores approached the hydrophobic‐coated surface. At the hydrophilic glass surface, only repulsive forces were measured during the approach of the spores. The AFM force measurements were in qualitative agreement with the results of a hydrodynamic shear adhesion assay that used a spinning disk technique. Quantitatively, AFM measurements of adhesive force were up to 4 × 103 times larger than the estimates made using the spinning disk data. This is a consequence of the different types of forces applied to the spore in the different adhesion assays. AFM has provided some unique insights into the interactions of spores with surfaces. No other instrument can make such direct measurements for single microbiological cells. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 79: 170–179, 2002
Advantages of continuous over batch reactors for the kinetic analysis of enzymes inhibited by an unknown substrate impurity
Authors: Gallifuoco Alberto , Alfani Francesco , Cantarella Maria 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA new experimental technique, employing a continuous stirred‐tank reactor, for studying enzyme kinetics in the presence of inhibitor‐contaminated substrate is described. The proposed method is simulated mathematically for competitive, uncompetitive, and mixed‐type noncompetitive inhibition. The step‐by‐step experimental procedure is described, as is the necessary data analysis for determining the kinetic parameters. Differences in system response for enzyme inhibition by excess substrate and by an impurity are illustrated, and a stability analysis of the system is performed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 79: 641–646, 2002.
High‐activity enzyme‐polyurethane coatings
Authors: Drevon Géraldine F. , Danielmeier Karsten , Federspiel William , Stolz Donna B. , Wicks Douglas A. , Yu Poli C. , Russell Alan J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe synthesis of water‐borne polyurethane coatings in the presence of diisopropylfluorophosphatase (DFPase, E.C. 3.8.2.1) enabled the irreversible attachment of the enzyme to the polymeric matrix. The distribution of immobilized DFPase as well as activity retention are homogeneous within the coating. The resulting enzyme‐containing coating (ECC) film hydrolyzes diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) in buffered media at high rates, retaining approximately 39% intrinsic activity. Decreasing ECC hydrophilicity, via the use of a less hydrophilic polyisocyanate during polymerization, significantly enhanced the intrinsic activity of the ECC. DFPase‐ECC has biphasic deactivation kinetics, where the initial rapid deactivation of DFPase‐ECC leads to the formation of a hyperstable and active form of enzyme. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 79: 785–794, 2002.
A functional genomics approach using metabolomics and in silico pathway analysis
Authors: Förster Jochen , Gombert Andreas Karoly , Nielsen Jens 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn the field of functional genomics increasing effort is being undertaken to analyze the function of orphan genes using metabolome data. Improved analytical equipment allows screening simultaneously for a high number of metabolites. Such metabolite profiles are analyzed using multivariate data analysis techniques and changes in the genotype will in many cases lead to different metabolite profiles. Here, a theoretical framework that may be applied to identify the function of orphan genes is presented. The approach is based on a combination of metabolome analysis combined with in silico pathway analysis. Pathway analysis may be carried out using convex analysis and a change in the active pathway structure of deletion mutants expressed in a different metabolite profile may disclose the function or the functional class of an orphan gene. The concept is illustrated using a simplified model for growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 79: 703–712, 2002.
Achieving community justice through faith‐based initiatives
Authors: Small Mark A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPrior to 1996, most churches and other faith‐based organizations were ineligible to receive federal funding for community services. In a little noticed provision of the Welfare Reform Act of 1996 known as ‘charitable choice,’ the federal government allowed religious groups to receive money for social programs without requiring them to censor their religious expression or give up their religious identity. States, with varying degrees of vigor and success, have partnered with faith‐based organizations to provide community services that serve the purpose of transitioning people from welfare to work. Recent political developments and legislation suggest an expanded role for faith‐based organizations to receive federal money to develop community services, including money for community justice projects. The Comment begins with an overview of the political and legal contexts that allow the development of promoting community justice initiatives through faith‐based efforts. Next, there is a discussion of practical considerations that influence decisions of churches and faith‐based organizations to participate in these activities. Finally, there is discussion of the roles social scientists and others might play to facilitate community justice initiatives through faith‐based efforts. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
General purpose software package for electromagnetics engineering education
Authors: Bértolo J. M. , Obelleiro F. , Taboada J. M. , Rodríguez J. L. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis article presents a general‐purpose educational software applied to electromagnetics engineering education. The program presented allows the students to obtain the RCS, current density, and near field distributions of perfectly electric conducting (PEC) canonical geometries being illuminated by arbitrary incident plane waves. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 10: 33–44, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com.); DOI 10.1002/cae.10015
Management of a large pseudoaneurysm secondary to balloon dilation for native coarctation of the aorta with coil occlusion after stent implantation in a child
Authors: Pedra Carlos A.C. , Pilla Carlo B. , Braga Sérgio L.N. , Esteves César A. , Fontes Valmir F. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe report a case of a 9‐year‐old girl status post–balloon dilation for native coarctation of the aorta who had a large aortic pseudoaneurysm 1 year after the initial procedure. The aneurysm was occluded with multiple coils after stent implantation to the aorta. The technique and possible advantages of this novel approach are discussed. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;56:262–266. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mechanism of cutting balloon angioplasty for in‐stent restenosis: An intravascular ultrasound study
Authors: Montorsi Piero , Galli Stefano , Fabbiocchi Franco , Loaldi Alessandro , Trabattoni Daniela , Grancini Luca , Cozzi Sergio , Ravagnani Paolo , Parodi Oberdan , Bartorelli Antonio L. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe investigated by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) the mechanism of action of cutting balloon (CB) angioplasty in patients with in‐stent restenosis. Seventy‐one consecutive restenotic lesions of 66 patients were studied by quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) and IVUS before, immediately after, and, in 20 cases, at 24‐hr time interval after CB. CB was selected according to 1:1 CB‐to‐stent ratio and inflated at 8 atm for 60–90 sec. Both IVUS planar and volumetric (Simpson's rule, 25 patients) analysis were carried out. IVUS measurements included external elastic membrane area (EEMA), stent area (SA), minimal lumen area (MLA), and restenosis area (RA). Following CB, QCA analysis showed increase of minimal lumen diameter (1.17 ± 0.46 vs. 2.45 ± 0.51 mm; P < 0.0001) and decrease of diameter stenosis (64% ± 13% vs. 21% ± 9%; P < 0.0001). IVUS measurements showed a significant increase of MLA (2.18 ± 0.80 vs. 7.31 ± 1.8 mm2; P < 0.0001), SA (9.62 ± 2.6 vs. 10.7 ± 2.75 mm2; P < 0.0001), and EEMA (17.27 ± 5 vs. 18.1 ± 5 mm2; P < 0.0001) and a decrease of RA (7.43 ± 2.63 vs. 3.45 ± 1.39 mm2; P < 0.0001). No significant change was observed in the original plaque + media area (7.65 ± 3 vs. 7.38 ± 2.9 mm2; P = NS). Thus, of the total lumen enlargement (5.13 ± 1.85 mm2), 23% was the result of increase in mean SA, whereas 77% was the result of a decrease in mean RA. These changes were associated with a 5% increase in EEMA. IVUS volumetric changes paralleled planar variations. Angiographic and IVUS changes were well maintained at 24 hr. CB enlarges coronary lumen mainly by in‐stent tissue reduction associated with a moderate degree of additional stent expansion. Favorable QCA and IVUS acute results are maintained at 24 hr. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;56:166–173. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interventional catheterization management of perioperative peripheral pulmonary stenosis: Balloon angioplasty or endovascular stenting
Authors: Rosales Ana Maria , Lock James E. , Perry Stanton B. , Geggel Robert L. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThere is limited reported experience of catheterization therapy for peripheral pulmonary stenosis (PPS) at a surgical site in the early postoperative period. We reviewed the clinical course of patients undergoing interventional catheterization for PPS at a surgical site < 7 weeks after surgery. Successful dilation (SD) was defined as > 50% increase in predilation diameter. From 1984 to 2000, 17 patients had 19 proximal pulmonary arteries dilated 1 to 46 (median 8) days postoperatively. Median age and weight were 3.1 year and 12.7 kg. Three arteries were initially occluded. Seventeen arteries had initial BD with postintervention imaging available in 15; 8 arteries had SD. The arterial diameter increased from 3.9 ± 2.6 to 5.5 ± 2.8 mm (P < 0.001). Nine of these arteries had stents placed with diameter increasing to 8.7 ± 3.7 mm (P < 0.001 compared with post‐BD diameter). Stents increased the diameter in all arteries and made four of four failed BD successful. In the two most recent procedures, stents were placed without prior BD with diameter increasing from 1.3 to 9 mm and 8.2 to 14 mm. A stent was placed in 1 of 7 arteries prior to 1993 and in 10 of 12 arteries thereafter (P < 0.004). Three patients prior to 1995 had catheterization‐related deaths secondary to vessel rupture after BD. BD produces SD in approximately one‐half of the procedures but is associated with mortality. Stent placement increases vessel diameter substantially more than BD alone. Stents reduce the acute complication rate and avoid early reoperation in this patient group. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;56:272–277. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Laser‐facilitated thrombectomy: A new therapeutic option for treatment of thrombus‐laden coronary lesions
Authors: Dahm Johannes B. , Topaz On , Woenckhaus Christian , Staudt Alexander , Möx Bernhard , Hummel Astrid , Felix Stephan B. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTo overcome the adverse complications of balloon angioplasty in thrombus burden lesions (i.e., distal embolization, platelet activation, no‐reflow phenomenon with persistent myocardial hypoxemia), mechanical removal of the thrombus or distal embolization protection devices is required. Pulsed ultraviolet excimer laser light at 308 nm can vaporize thrombus and suppress platelet aggregation. Clinical experience has already shown its efficacy in acute ischemic‐thrombotic acute coronary syndromes. Unlike other thrombectomy devices, a 308 nm excimer laser can ablate thrombi as well as the underlying plaque, speed up thrombus clearing, and enhance thrombolytic and GP IIb/IIIa activity. It can also be employed in patients with contraindications for systemic thrombolytic agents or GP IIb/IIIa antagonists. Our report covers clinical data and technical aspects concerning three patients with acute myocardial infarction who presented with a large thrombus burden. After successful laser‐transmitted vaporization of the thrombus mass in these patients, the remaining thrombus burden was evacuated, and normal antegrade coronary flow was successfully restored. This approach can be useful for selective patients with acute coronary syndromes. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;56:365–372. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relation of troponin T release kinetics to long‐term clinical outcome in patients with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with a percutaneous intervention
Authors: Karavidas Apostolos J. , Vrachatis Antony D. , Alpert Martin A. , Nikas Dimitris J. , Achtypis Dionissios I. , Masrakas Evagellas P. , Foukarakis Masolis G. , Fotiades Toannis N. , Zacharoulis Apostolos A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the relation of troponin T release kinetics to long‐term clinical outcome in patients with an acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with a primary percutaneous intervention. One hundred and four patients with typical ischemic chest pain and > 1.5 mm ST segment elevation in > 2 contiguous leads underwent primary stenting (n = 60) or primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (n = 44). Serum troponin T concentrations were obtained prior to and serially postintervention for 72 hr. Mean time to peak serum troponin T concentration was significantly longer in patients with cardiac death (P = 0.02), reinfarction (P = 0.007), target lesion reintervention (P = 0.03), and the composite of these events (13.2 ± 5.3 vs. 9.3 ± 4.0 hr; P < 0.0005). Multivariate analysis identified age, Killip class > 2, and time to peak serum troponin T concentration as independent predictors of long‐term cardiac event‐free survival. Thus, time to peak serum troponin T concentration independently predicts long‐term cardiac event‐free survival in patients with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with a primary percutaneous intervention. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;56:312–319. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nonobstructive ASD creation to qualify patients for the Fontan operation: Effects on pulmonary hypertension due to restrictive left atrioventricular valve and interatrial communication
Authors: Ishiwata Takahiro , Kondo Chisato , Nakanishi Toshio , Nakazawa Makoto , Imai Yasuharu , Momma Kazuo 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPulmonary hypertension (PH) due to elevated left atrial pressure (LAp) caused by restrictive left atrioventricular valve and interatrial communication sometimes precludes patients with univentricular heart from undergoing the Fontan operation. We have created atrial septal defect (ASD) for such patients to reduce LAp and then pulmonary arterial pressure (PAp) and pulmonary vascular resistance (Rp) in an attempt to qualify the patients for the Fontan repair. This study was performed to clarify the efficacy and limitation of this approach. Twelve patients with PH (mean PAp > 20 mm Hg and/or Rp > 3.0 Wood's unit/m2) due to obstruction at the LA exit underwent ASD creation at the age of 4.0 ± 4.0 (mean ± SD) years. Follow‐up catheterization 14.9 ± 15.6 months after the ASD creation demonstrated marked reductions in mean LAp (from 21 ± 5 to 8 ± 2 mm Hg), mean PAp (from 39 ± 13 to 17 ± 4 mm Hg), and Rp (from 6.2 ± 4.5 to 2.7 ± 1.4 Wood's unit/m2) compared with those before the procedure (all P < 0.0001). Seven of the 12 patients (58%) qualified for the Fontan operation (mean PAp < 20 mm Hg, Rp < 3.0 Wood's unit/m2, and Nakata's PA index ≥ 250) after the ASD creation. Final surgical outcomes of the seven patients included successful Fontan operation in five and biventricular repair in two. Patients with severe PH [mean PAp ≥ 45 mm Hg (n = 6) or Rp ≥ 4.5 Wood's unit/m2 (n = 5)] before the ASD creation qualified less frequently for the Fontan repair than those with mild PH [mean PAp < 45 mm Hg (n = 6; 17% vs. 100%; P = 0.008) or Rp < 4.5 Wood's unit/m2 (n = 7; 20 vs. 86%; P = 0.045)]. Patients with PA banded after 6 months of age (n = 3) qualified less frequently for the Fontan operation than those banded before 6 months of age (n = 6; 0 vs. 83%; P = 0.048). These data suggest that ASD creation is an effective approach to qualify patients for the Fontan operation in the presence of restrictive left atrioventricular valve and interatrial obstruction, except those with longstanding severe PH following delayed PA banding. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;56:528–532. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mimotopes and proteome analyses using human genomic and cDNA epitope phage display
Authors: Mullaney BP , Marks JD , Pallavicini MG 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn the post‐genomic era, validation of candidate gene targets frequently
requires protein‐based strategies. Phage display is a powerful tool to define
protein‐protein interactions by generating peptide binders against target
antigens. Epitope phage display libraries have the potential to enrich coding
exon sequences from human genomic loci. We evaluated genomic and cDNA phage
display strategies to identify genes in the 5q31 Interleukin gene cluster
and to enrich cell surface receptor tyrosine kinase genes from a breast cancer cDNA
library. A genomic display library containing 2x106 clones with
exon‐sized inserts was selected with antibodies specific for human Interleukin‐4
(IL‐4) and Interleukin‐13. The library was enriched significantly after two
selection rounds and DNA sequencing revealed unique clones. One clone matched
a cognate IL‐4 epitope; however, the majority of clone insert sequences corresponded
to E. coli genomic DNA. These bacterial sequences act as ‘mimotopes’
(mimetic sequences of the true epitope), correspond to open reading frames,
generate displayed peptides, and compete for binding during phage selection.
The specificity of these mimotopes for IL‐4 was confirmed by competition ELISA.
Other E. coli mimotopes were generated using additional antibodies.
Mimotopes for a receptor tyrosine kinase gene were also selected using a breast
cancer SKBR‐3 cDNA phage display library, screened against an anti‐erbB2 monoclonal
antibody. Identification of mimotopes in genomic and cDNA phage libraries
is essential for phage display‐based protein validation assays and two‐hybrid
phage approaches that examine protein‐protein interactions. The predominance
of E. coli mimotopes suggests that the E. coli genome may be
useful to generate peptide diversity biased towards protein coding sequences. Abbreviations used: IL, interleukin; ELISA, enzyme linked immunoabsorbant
assay; PBS, phospho‐buffered saline; cfu, colony forming units. Copyright
© 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Meeting Review: Bioinformatics And Medicine – From molecules to humans, virtual and real
Authors: Russell Roslin 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe Industrialization Workshop Series aims to promote and discuss integration,
automation, simulation, quality, availability and standards in the high‐throughput
life sciences. The main issues addressed being the transformation of bioinformatics
and bioinformatics‐based drug design into a robust discipline in industry,
the government, research institutes and academia. The latest workshop emphasized
the influence of the post‐genomic era on medicine and healthcare with reference
to advanced biological systems modeling and simulation, protein structure
research, protein‐protein interactions, metabolism and physiology. Speakers
included Michael Ashburner, Kenneth Buetow, Francois Cambien, Cyrus Chothia,
Jean Garnier, Francois Iris, Matthias Mann, Maya Natarajan, Peter Murray‐Rust,
Richard Mushlin, Barry Robson, David Rubin, Kosta Steliou, John Todd, Janet
Thornton, Pim van der Eijk, Michael Vieth and Richard Ward. Copyright ©
2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using pulsed gradient spin echo NMR for chemical mixture analysis: How to obtain optimum results
Authors: Antalek Brian 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPulsed gradient spin echo NMR is a powerful technique for measuring diffusion coefficients. When coupled with appropriate data processing schemes, the technique becomes an exceptionally valuable tool for mixture analysis, the separation of which is based on the molecular size. Extremely fine differentiation may be possible in the diffusion dimension but only with high‐quality data. For fully resolved resonances, components with diffusion coefficients that differ by less than 2% may be distinguished in mixtures. For highly overlapped resonances, the resolved spectra of pure components with diffusion coefficients that differ by less than 30% may be obtained. In order to achieve the best possible data quality one must be aware of the primary sources of artifacts and incorporate the necessary means to alleviate them. The origin of these artifacts are described, along with the methods necessary to observe them. Practical solutions are presented. Examples are shown that demonstrate the effects of the artifacts on the acquired data set. Many mixture analysis problems may be addressed with conventional high resolution pulsed field gradient probe technology delivering less than 0.5 T m−1(50 G cm−1). © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson 14: 225–258, 2002.