bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 genetic evolution in vaccinated and non-vaccinated patients from the Kenyan population
Authors: Oyola Samuel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Vaccination is a key control measure of COVID-19 by preventing severe effects of disease outcomes, reducing hospitalization rates and death, and increasing herd immunity. However, vaccination can affect the evolution and adaptation of SARS-CoV-2, largely through vaccine-induced immune pressure. Here we investigated the recombination events and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on SARS-CoV-2 genome in non-vaccinated and vaccinated patients in the Kenyan population. We identified recombination hotspots in the S, N, and ORF1a/b genes and showed the genetic evolution landscape of SARS-CoV-2 by comparing within-wave and inter-wave recombination events from the beginning of the pandemic (June 2020) to (October 2022) in Kenya. An in-depth analysis of (SNPs) on the S, ORf1a/b, and N genes identified previously unreported mutations. We detected a minority variant in non-vaccinated patients in Kenya, that contained immune escape mutation S255F of the spike gene and showing a differential recombination pattern within the non-vaccinated patients. Detailed analysis of recombination between waves suggested an association between increased population immunity and declining risk of emergence of variants of concern. Overall, this work identified unique mutations in SARS-CoV-2 which could have significant implications for virus evolution, virulence, and immune escape.
Integrating mangroves in dike designs: effect of tree growth and failure
Authors: Mancheño Alejandra Gijón , Vuik Vincent , Wesenbeeck Bregje (B.K.) van , Jonkman Bas (S.N.) , Hespen Rosanna van , Kazi Swarna , Urrutia Ignacio , Ledden Mathijs van , (J.R. Roelof 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Mangrove forests reduce wave attack along tropical coastlines, decreasing the design requirements of coastal embankments. Wave reduction by mangroves depends on their surface area and stability against storms, but both aspects are often oversimplified or neglected in coastal protection designs. Here we present a framework to evaluate how mangrove belts influence embankment designs, including mangrove growth and failure by overturning and trunk breakage. This methodology is applied to Sonneratia apetala mangroves seawards from embankments in Bangladesh, considering forest widths between 10-1000 m (cross-shore). For design water levels of 5 m, wave reduction by mangrove forests shorter than 1 km mostly affects the slope protection and the bank erodibility, whereas the embankment height is less influenced by mangroves. Sonneratia apetala trees induce a relative maximum in wave attenuation by 10 years old, due to their large submerged canopy area. Once trees grow older than 20 years old, their canopy is emergent, and most wave attenuation is caused by trunk and roots. Canopy emergence exposes mangroves to wind loads, which are much larger than wave loads, and can cause tree failure during cyclones. These results stress the importance of including tree surface area and stability models when predicting coastal protection by mangroves.
Scientific research on glass Jue found in the Iron Age of Southeast Asia and its indications for contacts with China
Authors: Huang Juewei , Li Qinghui , Dong Junqing , Liu Song , Yuan Yimeng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

In this paper, 44 glass Jue collected in Southeast Asia have been scientifically studied by means of X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), optical coherence tomography (OCT), optical microscopy (OM) and confocal laser Raman microspectroscopy(LRS). Chemical compositions, phase components, internal physical structures and surface micromorphology of the Jue samples are obtained. According to the scientific analysis results, the glass types of the Jue samples can be classified into three types, potash glass, soda-alumina glass and potash-lead glass. 42 samples belong to potash glass, and the 2 samples left belong to soda-alumina glass and potash-lead glass, respectively. Two subgroups, m-K-Al subgroup and m-K-Ca-Al subgroup, are found for potash glass. Only 4 potash glass samples belong to m-K-Ca-Al subgroup, the others are m-K-Al subgroup potash glass. Drawing, casting and cold-working techniques were applied during the process of glass making. Samples are colored by iron ions, or colored by iron and copper ions, except for one sample(SEAG-031) which is opacified by lead tin yellow. Combining with the glass types, shapes, traditions and distributions of Jue, the origins of the raw materials and productions centers for the glass Jue samples collected in Southeast Asia are discussed. The contacts between China and Southeast Asia/South Asia are also discussed. The results obtained in this paper shed some new lights on contacts between China and other countries along the Maritime Silk Road.
Generation and Capture of Both Sides of the 7-Norbornylidene — Bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-yne Fritsch–Buttenberg–Wiechell Rearrangement
Authors: Thamattoor Dasan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

The strained caged alkyne bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-yne, previously reported to be inaccessible, was generated via the Fritsch–Buttenberg–Wiechell rearrangement of 7-norbornylidene carbene. Computational experiments predict the alkyne to be more stable than its corresponding alkylidenecarbene, and both of these intermediates can be intercepted with the use of appropriate trapping agents.
Exploring the role of fibular extremities as indicators of mobility patterns and locomotor behavior in Homo sapiens from Mid- Late Upper Paleolithic to the modern age
Authors: Pietrobelli Annalisa , Sorrentino Rita , Sparacello Vitale S. , Mottes Elisabetta , Fontana Federica , Sineo Luca , Benazzi Stefano , Marchi Damiano , Belcastro Maria Giovanna 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

The human fibular shape has been scarcely analyzed in anthropology. However, studies on athletes and human archaeological samples suggest the importance of including fibular structural properties to reconstruct mobility patterns in past populations. This study analyzes human fibular variation in relation to mobility patterns, environmental conditions, subsistence economies, and shoe use to further explore the role of this bone in reconstructing mobility patterns in past populations. The sample consists of 173 individuals from archaeological and modern skeletal collections spanning the Mid-Late Upper Paleolithic to the 20th century and includes hunter-gatherers, agriculturalists, herders, and post-industrialists. Virtual three-dimensional models of left fibulae were acquired by computer tomography and surface scanning. Fibular proximal and distal epiphyseal morphologies were investigated through 3D semilandmark-based geometric morphometric methods and compared among populations and mobility categories. Our analysis reveals a trend separating groups based on their subsistence strategy and chronology. Some fibular traits (e.g., horizontal proximal tibiofibular and tilted distal talofibular articular surfaces, robust interosseous membrane, broad malleolar fossa, projecting m. biceps femoris insertion) indicate greater mobility of fibular joints and load sharing during ankle and knee excursion in foraging groups, which are presumably highly active, frequently traversing uneven terrain with absent/minimalist foot coverings. Stiffer fibular joints (e.g., obliquely oriented tibiofibular and vertical talofibular articular surfaces) are observed in sedentary populations, which may suggest a restricted ankle excursion and limited lower limb loading and use, consistent with their sedentary lifestyle in plain urban settlements with hard-shoe coverings. Other fibular traits (e.g., shorter subcutaneous triangular surface, projecting and anteriorly-facing malleolus, concave peroneal groove and proximal peroneal insertion) might indicate for mobile groups a more everted foot posture with increased moment arm in eversion, more efficient for barefoot/minimal footwear running in a forefoot-strike gait and concurring in the stabilization of the first metatarsophalangeal ray. These results further stress the functional role of fibular morphology and its importance in studies investigating past population mobility patterns.
Necrotic Apoptosis -Associated Signature Predicts Prognosis and Immunotherapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Bi Kaixin , Wang Qi , Song Shan , Zhang Yaochen , Hu Jingxi , Feng Yue , Wu Li , Jia Hongyan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks targeted therapies and is associated with a poor prognosis, especially for women. Necrotic plays a critical role in the progression of TNBC. To investigate the prognosis of TNBC patients, we aimed to explore characteristics of Necrotic apoptosis (NRGs) and construct a risk signature based on NRGs.Methods The TNBC transcriptome and corresponding were obtained from the TCGA database. Ninety-nine normal mammary epithelial tissue samples from the GTEx database were analyzed. Genes associated with NRGs were extracted from the MSigDB database. We conducted differential gene expression analysis using the limma package. Cox regressions and LASSO were analyzed to identify the genes associated with NRGs. Predictive models were constructed using multivariate Cox regression analysis. The K-M survival curve and the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to evaluate the predictive ability of the prognostic model. The fractions of immune cells were determined using the CIBERSORT algorithm. In this study, we investigated somatic mutations in the analyzed samples and utilized our findings to predict the potential effectiveness of immunotherapy in patients. The expression patterns of risk genes were analyzed using real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot analysis.Results A total of 200 differentially expressed NRGs were acquired. A risk model containing three NRGs. The high-risk group demonstrates a significantly shorter survival time than the low-risk group (p < 0.05). The ROC curve areas for 3-year, 5-year, and 8-year survival were 0.891, 0.833, and 0.845, respectively. This model exhibited highly accurate prognostic predictions in both the training and test data sets, and it proved to be an independent prognostic factor. An analysis of the immune environment and immunotherapy was conducted. High-risk and low-risk groups differed significantly in gene mutations. Western blotting and RT-qPCR revealed significantly higher CCL25 and GGT7 expression (p < 0.05) in cancer tissues, whereas TNSRSF11B expression was lower.Conclusion Our study has resulted in the development of independent prognostic indicators for TNBC, which can aid in the customized treatment of patients with varying levels of risk. We analyzed genetic mutations, which offered new insights into the immunological properties of the high and low-risk subgroups, and evaluated the possibility of incorporating immunotherapy into personalized breast cancer management.
Experiential Learning for Understanding Health and Societal Transformation in Tourism and Hospitality: An Observational Study for Education for Sustainable Development for 2030
Authors: Lo Wei-Shuo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

An effective teaching strategy from classroom to community is necessary to understand the relationship between sustainability and human health. This study explored how experiential learning can combine sustainability and human health education, particularly in the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, as a practical approach towards learning how to meet “Sustainable Development Goal 12: Responsible consumption and production,” which is applicable to the tourism and hospitality industry. The major approach adopted was to use the five senses, which enhances human environmental attitude and behavior. A three-stage learning program was designed for university students: (1) a classroom interactive boardgame for teaching seafood education, (2) a field visit to a fishing village for experiential learning of seafood supply chain and concepts, and (3) reflections and presentations. The results show that experiential learning is a useful approach towards attaining the Education for Sustainable Development for 2030 goal of societal transformation, allowing students to learn to face real-world threats like the pandemic by recognizing how responsible consumption can lead to responsible production and avoid potential health risks to food supply chains. This study hopes to foster students’ pro-environmental behavior and cognition in biological and health education toward achieving sustainability in everyday life.
Climate change vulnerability and impacts on tropical fisheries and aquaculture in Asia: A bibliometric and meta-analysis
Authors: Habib Ahasan , Borazon Elaine Q. , Macusi Edison D. , Islam Mohammad Mahmudul , Nor Siti Azizah Mohd , Kamaruzzaman Yeny Nadira , Hossain M Belal , Fadli Nur , Ghaffar Mazlan Abd , Rahman Md Moshiur 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This review aimed to explain vulnerability and climate change impacts on tropical aquatic fisheries and aquaculture focused on the Asian setting using a systematic literature review. In particular, the present study applied the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) to evaluate the available literature from 1990 to 2020. The study results showed clustering of texts, keywords and titles based on the search terms, e.g. climate, change, fisheries, Asia, adaptation, climate change, fisheries, and aquaculture. Using the text, links with high scores showed the following categorization per cluster: 1) Climate change and food security; 2) Biodiversity and environmental protection; 3) Conservation of resources; 4) Climate change impacts in Asia; 5) Fisheries. While for the abstracts and titles produced the following clustering: 1) Livelihood and food security; 2) Fisheries catch; 3) Approach to stakeholders; 4) Ecosystem services. Climate change or global environmental change dominates vulnerability and adaptation scholarship, but it is only one of the stressors causing vulnerability among fishing and aquaculture sectors. Several studies suggest adaptation as a solution leading to less vulnerability and resilience of fishing communities. However, our findings showed that social and economic factors of climate-induced vulnerability are still relatively neglected. Besides, keeping biodiversity and enhanced environmental protection can lead to a more productive and food-secure environment for farmers and fishers. Therefore, the interventions needed would always lead towards adaptation. Finally, establishing a science-based “adaptive fishery co-management” to further engage with fishing communities by addressing their wider vulnerabilities and aspirations (livelihood needs).
Embracing AI Assistants: Unraveling Young Researchers' Journey with ChatGPT in Science Education Thesis Writing
Authors: Anik Mehedi Hasan , Raaz Shahriar Nafees Chowdhury , Khan Nushat 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, in particular language models like ChatGPT, are attracting attention for their potential ability to replicate human text generation. AI-powered helpers in education, like ChatGPT, have the potential to improve thesis writing. The experiences of Dhaka University students who used ChatGPT extensively to write their science education theses in Bangladesh were examined in this study. It compared the difficulties folks who do not utilize AI confront to the advantages experienced by frequent ChatGPT users. Data was acquired using semi-structured questionnaires and then evaluated using coding techniques utilizing a case study methodology. The results brought to light the difficulties researchers face regarding methodological decision-making, tools development, data interpretation, etc. ChatGPT proved to be a useful tool that offers new perspectives, effective comparisons, quick responses, and more comprehensible research. However, due to ChatGPT's limitations, cautious use was suggested. The incorporation of ChatGPT opens up fresh research opportunities, highlighting the interdependence of technical support and human intuition. With useful applications for educational settings, the study demonstrated AI's capability at various phases of the thesis. Its findings give educators and organizations pointers on how to use AI to improve thesis writing procedures and aid researchers in their scholarly endeavors.
The immunomodulation effects of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide G (SNRPG) in human brain tumors
Authors: Zhao Junfeng , Guo Tianlin , Jiang Yiran , Ren Tong , Jiao Yongqing , Shang Wei , Wang Xun 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide G (SNRPG) or Smith protein G (SmG) is vitally involved in the biogenesis of the major and minor spliceosome precursors that are spliceosomaluridyl-rich small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (U snRNPs; U1, U2, U4 and U5). The plausible involvement of SNRPG in tumor formation and oncogenesis has made it the center of studies. In this study, for the first time, this tumorigenic and immune-modulating functioning of SNRPG employing TCGA and GEO dataset-derived brain tumors has been scrutinized by us. Most tumors demonstrate higher SNRPG expression compared with normal ones, including various human brain tumors. The TCGA cohorts also displayed variation in SNRPG genetic status in different tumor samples. Experimental validations supported the oncogenic effect of SNRPG, and furthermore, the mechanism might be associated with the regulation of immune response. Further bioinformatics analysis revealed that some malignancies demonstrated a link between the SNRPG expression and CD8 + T-cell while others were linked with fibroblast infiltration. Moreover, the mechanistic aspects of SNRPG entailed spliceosome-associated functions among others. More in-depth research indicated that SNRPG may impact tumorigenesis of human brain tumors via exerting post-transcriptional modulation of TP53 through the mechanism of alternative polyadenylation (APA) at the region of 3’ untranslated regions (UTRs). However, more research should be done to further confirm the preliminary results in our current study. Overall, current research presents the first detailed scrutiny of the oncogenic and immune-modulating functioning of SNRPG in several malignancies of human brain.
Effect of testosterone on within-sex gene expression across 40 human tissues
Authors: Cheruiyot Evans Kiptoo , Zhu Zhihong , McRae Allan F 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Variations in testosterone levels is associated with pronounced health risks, often in a discordant manner between males and females. While studies have demonstrated a sex-specific genetic architecture for testosterone, the biological basis for the differential impact on diseases between the sexes is largely unknown. In this study, we correlated predicted testosterone and within-sex gene expression measures across 40 human tissues to identify genes that show sex-differential control of gene expression and examine how this varies across tissues.
Methods
Gene expression measures were obtained from the Genotype-Tissue Expression project (v8 GTEx release), with sex-specific genome-wide summary statistics from the UK Biobank used to construct polygenic scores as proxies for total testosterone and bioavailable testosterone. We quantified the proportion of variance in the genomically predicted testosterone levels that was captured by gene expression measures within each sex/tissue pair. The association between predicted testosterone measures was tested within each sex/tissue pair for over 20,000 gene transcripts.
Results
Gene expression was able to capture a consistently higher proportion of predicted testosterone variance in females than in males across the majority of study tissues. Gene expression levels in the mammary breast and adipose (visceral omentum) tissue explained the largest proportion of total testosterone variance in females, while various brain tissues (anterior cingulate cortex BA24, putamen basal ganglia and cerebellum) captured the largest proportion of total testosterone variance in males. Association analyses identified significant associations between total testosterone and gene expression across four transcripts (NUPR1L, PTPRD, PSPHP1, and RP11-208G20.3) in the skeletal muscle, tibial artery, and pancreas tissue for females but were not associated in males. No transcript/gene showed a significant association with predicted bioavailable testosterone across all study tissues in males and females.
Conclusions
The relationship between testosterone and gene expression levels is complex, showing variation across tissues and between the sexes. While we found limited numbers of associations between individual gene expression levels and predicted testosterone levels, our whole transcriptome approach found that a substantial proportion of testosterone levels could be captured by gene expression levels, indicating that more associations could be identified with larger sample sizes and directly measured hormone levels.
Exploring the Determinants of Personality, Color Perception, and Color Preference Among Young Adults
Authors: Asad Ushna 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The study focuses on how color perception, preference and personality of an individual associates with each other. Previous studies have shown that colors play a key role in both human and natural contexts, and they facilitate various psychological functions. Moreover, the color psychology literature has established a convincing argument that color is about more than just aesthetics. The study is comprised of qualitative exploration, phase I, and a quantitative approach, phase II, aimed at the detailed investigation of the study variables. Sample (N=400) was selected through convenient sampling from the population of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. The scales used in study II were Big Five Inventory (BFI), Color Emotion Scale (CES) and Color Preference Scale (CPS). And for the qualitative part six open ended questions were asked from the participants. The conventional content analysis of open-ended questions, correlation, t-test et cetera revealed significant results and significant differences in gender.