bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preanalytical factors influencing the results of ethanol analysis in postmortem specimens
Authors: Olds Maria L , Jones Alan W 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Excessive drinking and drunkenness are underlying factors in many fatal accidents, which make the quantitative determination of ethanol in postmortem (PM) specimens an essential part of all unnatural death investigations. The same analytical methods are used to determine ethanol in blood taken from living and deceased persons although the interpretation of the results is more complicated in medical examiner cases owing to various preanalytical factors. The biggest problem is that under anaerobic conditions ethanol can be produced naturally in decomposed bodies by microbial activity and fermentation of blood glucose. Ways are needed to differentiate antemortem ingestion of ethanol from PM synthesis. One approach involves the determination of ethanol in alternative specimens, such as bile, cerebrospinal fluid, vitreous humor and/or urine, and comparison of results with blood alcohol concentration (BAC). Another approach involves the analysis of various alcohol biomarkers, such as ethyl glucuronide, ethyl sulfate and/or phosphatidylethanol or the urinary metabolites of serotonin 5-hydroxytryptophol/5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HTOL/5-HIAA). If ethanol had been produced in the body by microbial activity, the blood samples should also contain other low-molecular volatiles, such as acetaldehyde, n-propanol and/or n-butanol. The inclusion of 1–2% w/v sodium or potassium fluoride, as an enzyme inhibitor, in all PM specimens is essential to diminish the risk of ethanol being generated after sampling, such as during shipment and storage prior to analysis. Furthermore, much might be gained if the analytical cut-off for reporting positive BAC was raised from 0.01 to 0.02 g% when PM blood is analyzed. During putrefaction low BACs are more often produced after death than high BACs. Therefore, when the cadaver is obviously decomposed, a pragmatic approach would be to subtract 0.05 g% from the mean analytical result. Any remaining BAC is expected to give a more reliable indication of whether alcohol had been consumed before death.
Inattention and the Taxation Bias
Authors: Boccanfuso Jérémy , Ferey Antoine 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper shows that inattention to taxes generates a time-inconsistency problem in the choice of tax policy, leading to higher taxes in equilibrium. These discretionary tax increases are inefficient as they are deviations from the socially optimal commitment policy. We call these deviations a taxation bias. Combining sufficient statistics and structural approaches, we quantify the magnitude of this policy distortion for the U.S. redistributive tax-transfer system. We find that the taxation bias ranges between 3 and 8 percentage points, alters tax-transfer progressivity, and has significant welfare effects. Overall, our findings shed new light on the implications of inattention and misperceptions.
Crime of Aggression against Ukraine
Authors: Grzebyk Patrycja 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the discourse around prosecution of perpetrators of the crime of aggression against Ukraine, there is a need to consider the impact of Eastern European regional norms, both treaty-based and customary. This concerns both the interpretation of principles of responsibility for the crime of aggression as well as the modes of prosecution thereof. The article argues that, in Eastern Europe, the crime of aggression is a well-established norm of international and national law, and aggression — as a conduct by a state — is defined based on the principle of first use of force, while political, economic and any other justifications in order to avoid responsibility are disallowed. Individual responsibility for the crime of aggression represents a departure from the International Criminal Court’s Rome Statute standard and is instead based on the International Military Tribunal’s Charter, which limits its scope to responsibility for a war of aggression. At the same time, it does not preclude, for example, prosecution of those responsible for the administration of occupied territories. As a consequence, the leadership clause might be understood as broader in comparison to the Rome Statute standards.
Molecular diagnosis of 5 silkworm strains endemic to South Korea using single-nucleotide polymorphisms selected from whole-genome sequences
Authors: Park Jeong Sun , Kim Seong-Wan , Park Jong Woo , Kim Kee-Young , Kim Seong-Ryul , Kwak Woori , Kim Iksoo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The domesticated silkworm, Bombyx mori Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae), often poses a challenge in strain identification due to similarities in morphology and genetic background. In South Korea, around 40 silkworm strains are classified as premium, including 5 endemic tri-molting strains: Goryeosammyeon, Sammyeonhonghoeback, Hansammyeon, Sun7ho, and Sandongsammyeon. These strains have potential for breeding programs in response to emerging industry demands, necessitating a reliable strain identification method. In this study, we established a molecular diagnosis approach for these 5 strains. We selected 2–4 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for each strain from whole-genome sequences of 39 strains, encompassing 37 previously studied and 2 newly added. These SNPs were utilized to construct decision trees for each endemic strain identification. The SNPs can be used to distinguish each target strain from the 38 nontarget strains by the tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction, with the exception of HMS which needs the addition of PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method at the final step. This decision tree-based method using genomic SNPs, coupled with the 2 typing methods, produced consistent and accurate results, providing 100% accuracy. Additionally, the significant number of remaining SNPs identified in this study could be valuable for future diagnosis of the other strains.
How to Exercise Integrity in Medical Billing: Don’t Distort Prices, Don’t Free-Ride on Other Physicians
Authors: Langston Christopher 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper proposes that billing gamesmanship occurs when physicians free-ride on the billing practices of other physicians. Gamesmanship is non-universalizable and does not exercise a competitive advantage; consequently, it distorts prices and allocates resources inefficiently. This explains why gamesmanship is wrong. This explanation differs from the recent proposal of Heath (2020. Ethical issues in physician billing under fee-for-service plans. J. Med. Philos. 45(1):86–104) that gamesmanship is wrong because of specific features of health care and of health insurance. These features are aggravating factors but do not explain gamesmanship’s primary wrong-making feature, which is to cause diffuse harm not traceable to any particular patient or insurer. This conclusion has important consequences for how medical schools and professional organizations encourage integrity in billing. To avoid free-riding, physicians should ask themselves, “could all physicians bill this way?” and if not, “does the patient benefit from the distinctive service I am providing under this code?” If both answers are “no,” physicians should refrain from the billing practice in question.
The national utilization of nonoperative management for small renal masses over 10 years
Authors: Filipas Dejan K , Beatrici Edoardo , Nolazco Jose I , Qian Zhiyu , Marks Phillip , Labban Muhieddine , Stone Benjamin V , Pierorazio Phillip M , Lipsitz Stuart R , Trinh Quoc-Dien , Chang Steven L , Cole Alexander P 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Management of small renal masses often involves a nonoperative approach, but there is a paucity of information about the use and associated predictors of such approaches. This study aimed to determine the trends in and predictors of use of nonoperative management of small renal masses.

Methods
Using data from the National Cancer Database for localized small renal masses (N0/M0, cT1a) diagnosed between 2010 and 2020, we conducted a cross-sectional study. Nonoperative management was defined as expectant management (active surveillance or watchful waiting) or focal ablation. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) were calculated using multivariable logistic regression models.

Results
Of the 156 734 patients included, 10.5% underwent expectant management, and 13.9% underwent focal ablation. Later year of diagnosis was associated with a higher likelihood of nonoperative management. In 2020, the odds of receiving expectant management and focal ablation were 90% (AOR = 1.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.71 to 2.11) and 44% (AOR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.31 to 1.57) higher, respectively, than in 2010. Black patients had increased odds of expectant management (AOR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.39 to 1.55) but decreased odds of focal ablation (AOR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.88 to 0.99).

Conclusion
Over the decade, the use nonoperative management of small renal masses increased, with expectant management more frequently used than focal ablation among Black patients. Possible explanations include race-based differences in physicians' risk assessments and resource allocation. Adjusting for Black race in calculations for glomerular filtration rate could influence the differential uptake of these techniques through deflated glomerular filtration rate calculations. These findings highlight the need for research and policies to ensure equitable use of less invasive treatments in small renal masses.
Neuroepithelial tumor with EWSR1::PATZ1 fusion: A literature review
Authors: Kim Hyunhee , Lee Kwanghoon , Phi Ji Hoon , Paek Sun Ha , Yun Hongseok , Choi Seung Hong , Park Sung-Hye 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We present the clinicopathological and molecular genetic characteristics of a neuroepithelial tumor (NET), EWSR1::PATZ1 fusion-positive with a literature review. This fusion has recently been discovered in rare central nervous system tumors and soft tissue sarcomas and was not included in the fifth edition of the WHO classifications. We identified this fusion in 2 NETs. The first case involved a 7-year-old girl and the second case occurred in a 53-year-old man; both presented with headaches and vomiting. The pediatric case initially showed an intermediate grade of the tumor, but upon recurrences, it transformed into a high-grade tumor with 2 relapses in 8.3 years. This case exhibited high mitotic activity (20/10 high-power fields), and a high Ki-67 index (21%). The TERT promoter (TERTp) mutation was present in both initial and recurrent tumors. In contrast, the adult case was a low-grade tumor with no mitotic activity or recurrence over 13.5 months after subtotal resection and gamma knife surgery. Interestingly, the pediatric case demonstrated a longer survival time compared to conventional glioblastoma. The TERTp mutation, similar to being a molecular signature in adult-type glioblastoma, could also be an indicator of high-grade behavior in PATZ1 fusion NET.
New international commercial courts: a delocalized approach
Authors: Yates Sean David 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
New international commercial courts can be analysed by examining how their features differ from those of their domestic counterpart courts and from those of international commercial arbitration. This conceptual tool is termed delocalization. Higher and lower levels of featural differences, or delocalization, may affect a new court’s reception, whether local actors can participate in the new court and the new court’s relations with the domestic courts. These factors influence the extent and speed of a new court’s integration into the legal landscape as an institutional transplant. A delocalization analysis can also help track the new and domestic courts’ continuing influence over each other and the adoption, sharing or abandonment of features over time.
The leaf idioblastome of the medicinal plantCatharanthus roseusis associated with stress resistance and alkaloid metabolism
Authors: Guedes Joana G , Ribeiro Rogério , Carqueijeiro Inês , Guimarães Ana Luísa , Bispo Cláudia , Archer John , Azevedo Herlander , Fonseca Nuno A , Sottomayor Mariana 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCatharanthus roseus leaves produce a range of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs) that include low levels of the anticancer drugs vinblastine and vincristine. The MIA pathway displays a complex architecture spanning different subcellular and cell type localizations, and is under complex regulation. As a result, the development of strategies to increase the levels of the anticancer MIAs has remained elusive. The pathway involves mesophyll specialized idioblasts where the late unsolved biosynthetic steps are thought to occur. Here, protoplasts of C. roseus leaf idioblasts were isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and their differential alkaloid and transcriptomic profiles were characterized. This involved the assembly of an improved C. roseus transcriptome from short- and long-read data, IDIO+. It was observed that C. roseus mesophyll idioblasts possess a distinctive transcriptomic profile associated with protection against biotic and abiotic stresses, and indicative that this cell type is a carbon sink, in contrast to surrounding mesophyll cells. Moreover, it is shown that idioblasts are a hotspot of alkaloid accumulation, suggesting that their transcriptome may hold the key to the in-depth understanding of the MIA pathway and the success of strategies leading to higher levels of the anticancer drugs.
Tracing connections: using network analysis to study trade and movement in the Mediterranean in the 11th to 14th centuries
Authors: Hancock Annabel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study uses network approaches to study late medieval Mediterranean trade and movement and test the validity of using network methods to investigate the past. Historical literature largely focuses on merchant communities and which cities were most central for trade. In this article, two networks, one created from archaeological finds and the other from the writings of four medieval travellers, are analysed using various Social Network Analysis centrality measures and Complex Systems Science models and are compared to each other in order to explore the importance of various Mediterranean settlements and the ways in which movement occurred around the region, investigating whether they challenge or support current understandings. Network methods are shown to be useful approaches with various potential future developments to more fully explore the late medieval Mediterranean. These networks both support and challenge current historiographical views of Mediterranean trade and movement. Many of the same settlements are identified as central, and the importance of islands for movement is supported. However, some smaller settlements, which are infrequently mentioned in current historical literature are revealed as central. Movement also appears to have relied on small stopping points, rather than following express routes between a few important centres.
Deep learning-based lexical character identification in TV series
Authors: Dalla Torre Paola , Fantozzi Paolo , Naldi Maurizio 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Automated character identification in movies and TV series has been typically carried out through face detection in video and the association of faces with characters’ names extracted from dialogues or cast lists. We propose a deep learning architecture to identify characters based on subtitles only, precisely through the lexicon those characters employ. The identification task is formalized as a multi-class classification task. We apply our technique to the complete set of episodes in the Gomorrah TV series and achieve an average identification accuracy beyond 94 per cent on the full set of characters.
Coccidioides species antifungal susceptibility testing: Experience from a large healthcare system in the endemic region
Authors: Zangeneh Tirdad T , Lainhart William D , Wiederhold Nathan P , Al-Obaidi Mohanad M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The clinical utility of Coccidioides species antifungal susceptibility testing (AST) remains unclear. This study describes the clinical course of eight patients with severe or chronic coccidioidomycosis and subsequent Coccidioides AST. We present the clinical manifestations, antifungal treatment regimens, and clinical outcomes for these patients.
Nannizzia species causing dermatophytosis in cats and dogs: First report of Nannizzia incurvata as an etiological agent in Brazil
Authors: Bescrovaine Jéssica de Oliveira , Warth José Francisco Ghignatti , de Souza Cybelle , Benoni Vanessa Wotkoski , Baja Franciele , Schneider Gabriela Xavier , Vicente Vania Aparecida , de Hoog Gerrits Sybren , Queiroz-Telles Flavio 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Dermatophytosis is a superficial cutaneous infection, most commonly caused by fungal species such as Microsporum canis, Nannizzia gypsea (Microsporum gypseum), and Trichophyton mentagrophytes in dogs and cats. The zoonotic potential of these species is concerning, as companion animals are increasingly close to their owners. Therefore, the objectives of the study were to evaluate the current prevalence of Nannizzia-causing canine and feline dermatophytosis in Curitiba and Metropolitan Region, as well as perform phenotypic and phylogenetic characterizations of these isolates. Thus, 241 skin and fur samples from 163 dogs and 78 cats were analyzed from 2020 to 2021. The samples were obtained from animals of three sources: Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Paraná, animal shelters, and private clinics. The diagnosis was performed through phenotypic characterization and sequencing ITS rDNA region. Among 97 positive samples for dermatophytes, Nannizzia was identified in 14 (14.4%) samples, while other dermatophyte genera were found in the remaining 83 (85.6%) samples. Among the canine samples, nine (90%) were N. gypsea, and one (10%) was N. incurvata. Whereas in feline samples, three (75%) were N. gypsea, and one (25%) was N. incurvata. It was concluded that among 97 animals infected with dermatophytes, dogs (24.4%; 10/41) were significantly more affected by Nannizzia than cats (7.1%; 4/56) (P &lt; .05). According to molecular analyses, the ITS rDNA region provided satisfactory results for species-level identification of Nannizzia, confirming the first report of N. incurvata as an etiological agent of canine and feline dermatophytosis in Brazil.
Evaluating bulk flow estimators for CosmicFlows–4 measurements
Authors: Whitford Abbé M , Howlett Cullan , Davis Tamara M 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
For over a decade there have been contradictory claims in the literature about whether the local bulk flow motion of galaxies is consistent or in tension with the ΛCDM model. While it has become evident that systematics affect bulk flow measurements, systematics in the estimators have not been widely investigated. In this work, we thoroughly evaluate the performance of four estimator variants, including the Kaiser maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) and the minimum variance estimator (MVE). We find that these estimators are unbiased, however their precision may be strongly correlated with the survey geometry. Small biases in the estimators can be present leading to underestimated bulk flows, which we suspect are due to the presence of non-linear peculiar velocities. The uncertainty assigned to the bulk flows from these estimators is typically underestimated, which leads to an overestimate of the tension with ΛCDM. We estimate the bulk flow for the CosmicFlows–4 data and use mocks to ensure the uncertainties are appropriately accounted for. Using the MLE we find a bulk flow amplitude of 408 ± 165 kms−1 at a depth of $49\, \mathrm{Mpc} h^{-1}$, in reasonable agreement with ΛCDM. However using the MVE which can probe greater effective depths, we find an amplitude of 428 ± 108 kms−1 at a depth of $173\, \mathrm{Mpc} h^{-1}$, in tension with the model, having only a 0.11 per cent probability of obtaining a larger χ2. These measurements appear directed towards the Great Attractor region where more data may be needed to resolve tensions.
Rates and properties of Type Ia supernovae in galaxy clusters within the dark energy survey
Authors: Toy M , Wiseman P , Sullivan M , Frohmaier C , Graur O , Palmese A , Popovic B , Davis T M , Galbany L , Kelsey L , Lidman C , Scolnic D , Allam S , Desai S , Abbott T M C , Aguena M , Alves O , Annis J , Bacon D , Bertin E , Brooks D , Burke D L , Carnero Rosell A , Carrasco Kind M , Carretero J , Castander F J , Conselice C , da Costa L N , Pereira M E S , De Vicente J , Diehl H T , Doel P , Everett S , Ferrero I , Frieman J , Gerdes D W , Gruen D , Gruendl R A , Gutierrez G , Hinton S R , Hollowood D L , Honscheid K , James D J , Kuehn K , Kuropatkin N , Marshall J L , Melchior P , Mena-Fernández J , Menanteau F , Miquel R , Pieres A , Plazas Malagón A A , Romer A K , Sanchez E , Scarpine V , Sevilla-Noarbe I , Smith M , Soares-Santos M , Suchyta E , Tarle G , To C , Weaverdyck N ,   (DES Collaboration)
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
We identify 66 photometrically classified Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) from the Dark Energy Survey (DES) that have occurred within red-sequence selected galaxy clusters. We compare light-curve and host galaxy properties of the cluster SNe to 1024 DES SNe Ia located in field galaxies, the largest comparison of two such samples at high redshift (z &gt; 0.1). We find that cluster SN light curves decline faster than those in the field (97.7 per cent confidence). However, when limiting these samples to host galaxies of similar colour and mass, there is no significant difference in the SN light-curve properties. Motivated by previous detections of a higher-normalized SN Ia delay-time distribution in galaxy clusters, we measure the intrinsic rate of SNe Ia in cluster and field environments. We find the average ratio of the SN Ia rate per galaxy between high-mass ($10\le \log \mathrm{(\mathit{ M}_{*}/{\rm \mathit{ M}}_{\odot })} \le 11.25$) cluster and field galaxies to be 0.594 ± 0.068. This difference is mass-dependent, with the ratio declining with increasing mass, which suggests that the stellar populations in cluster hosts are older than those in field hosts. We show that the mass-normalized rate (or SNe per unit mass) in massive–passive galaxies is consistent between cluster and field environments. Additionally, both of these rates are consistent with rates previously measured in clusters at similar redshifts. We conclude that in massive–passive galaxies, which are the dominant hosts of cluster SNe, the cluster delay-time distribution is comparable to the field.