bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enantioselective Dihydroxylation of Alkenes Catalyzed by a PEG‐Bound Bi‐Cinchona Alkaloid Ligand
Authors: Yang Xi‐Wen , Liu Han‐Quan , Xu Ming‐Hua , Lin Guo‐Qiang 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe recyclable PEG‐bound bi‐cinchona alkaloid ligand has been successfully applied to the homogeneous catalytic asymmetric dihydroxylation of various alkenes; good yields and excellent enantioselectivities were obtained. The ligand could be easily recovered and reused for 10 times without any apparent loss of its catalyst efficiency.
Feature‐oriented programming: A new way of object composition
Authors: Prehofer Christian 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe propose a new model for flexible composition of objects from a set of features. Features are services of an object and are similar to classes in object‐oriented languages. In many cases, features have to be adapted in the presence of other features, which is also called the feature interaction problem. We introduce explicit interaction handlers which can adapt features to other features by overriding methods. When features are composed, the appropriate interaction handling is added in a way which generalizes inheritance and aggregation. For a set of features, an exponential number of different feature combinations is possible, based on a quadratic number of interaction resolutions. We present the feature model as an extension of Java and give two translations to Java, one via inheritance and the other via aggregation. We show that the feature model interacts nicely with several common language extensions such as type parameters, exceptions, and higher‐order functions. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mutator phenotype in cancer: Timing and perspectives
Authors: Bielas Jason H. , Loeb Lawrence A. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractNormal human cells replicate their DNA with exceptional accuracy. During every division cycle, each daughter cell receives a full and accurate complement of genetic information. It has been estimated that approximately one error occurs during DNA replication for each 109 to 1010 nucleotides polymerized. Stem cells, the cells that are progenitors of cancer, may replicate their genes even more accurately. In contrast, the malignant cells that constitute a tumor are markedly heterogeneous and exhibit multiple chromosomal abnormalities and alterations in the nucleotide sequence of DNA. To account for the disparity between the rarity of mutations in normal cells and the large numbers of mutations present in cancer, we initially hypothesized that during tumor progression, cancer cells must exhibit a mutator phenotype. In this perspective, we summarize the evidence supporting a mutator phenotype in human cancer, analyze recent measurements of mutations in human cancer, consider the timing for the expression of a mutator phenotype, and focus on the important consequences of large numbers of random mutations in human tumors. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modified median polish kriging and its application to the Wolfcamp–Aquifer data
Authors: Berke Olaf 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn geostatistics, spatial data will be analyzed that often come from irregularly distributed sampling locations. Interest is in modelling the data, i.e. estimating distributional parameters, and then to predict the phenomenon under study at unobserved sites within the corresponding sampling domain. The method of universal kriging for spatial prediction was introduced to cover the problem of spatial trend effects. This is done by incorporating linear trend models, e.g. polynomial functions of the spatial co‐ordinates. However, universal kriging is sensitive to additive outliers. An outlier resistant method for spatial prediction is median polish kriging. Both methods have certain advantages but also some drawbacks. Here, universal kriging and median polish kriging will be combined to the robust spatial prediction method called modified median polish kriging. An example illustrates the method of modified median polish kriging along with piezometric‐head data from the Wolfcamp–Aquifer. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Char Formation in Flame‐Retarded Fibre–Intumescent Combinations. Part V. Exploring Different Fibre/Intumescent Combinations
Authors: Kandola Baljinder K. , Richard Horrocks A. , Horrocks Samuel 
Published: January 2005

AbstractPrevious research work in our laboratory has indicated that the efficiency of certain flame‐retardant fibres can be further enhanced if certain interactive intumescents are dispersed on their surfaces. In our previously reported work we have successfully observed interactions between certain commercially available flame‐retardant cellulosic and regenerated cellulose (viscose) fibres and two melamine and phosphoric acid‐based intumescent systems. In the present work we have explored the use of other intumescent systems—melamine cyanurate, melamine borate, melamine oxalate, melamine pyrophosphate and an inorganic silicate‐based intumescent, Cylatherm. Two non‐cellulosic fibres—the novoloid (Kynol) and melamine‐formaldehyde (Basofil) were also explored in combination with different intumescent systems. These systems were studied by thermal analytical techniques to observe any possible interaction between FR fibre and intumescent components. Of these intumescents, only melamine borate and melamine pyrophosphate showed interactions with flame retardant cellulosic fibres and both Kynol and Basofil indicated char interactive tendencies with some of the phosphorus‐containing intumescents. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mathematical modelling of fire development in cable installations
Authors: Hees P. Van , Axelsson J. , Green A. M. , Grayson S. J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn 1996 DG XII of the European Commission (Research and Development) approved a 3 year project on the fire performance of electrical cables. Within this FIPEC project, a major part of the work involved correlation and mathematical modelling of flame spread and heat release rate in cable installations. The FIPEC project has developed different levels of testing ranging from a small‐scale, cone calorimeter test procedures developed for cables and materials, a full‐scale‐test procedure based on the IEC 60332‐3, but utilizing HRR and SPR measurements, and a real scale test conducted on model cable installations. Links through statistical correlations and mathematical fire modelling between these levels were investigated and the findings are presented in this paper. These links could form the scientific foundations for standards upon which fire performance measurements can be based and for new fire engineering techniques within fire performance based codes. Between each testing level correlation, numerical and mathematical models were performed. All of the models were based on the cone calorimeter test method. The complexity of the models varied from correlation models to advanced physical pyrolysis models which can be used in CFD codes. The results will allow advanced prediction of cable fires in the future. Also a bench mark was established for the prediction of cable performance by means of data obtained from the constituent materials. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The southern Menderes Massif (western Turkey): geochronology and exhumation history
Authors: Bozkurt Erdi̇n , Satir Muharrem 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn the southern flank of the Menderes Massif, western Turkey, an E–W‐trending quartz–mica vein was recognized in the augen gneisses of the so‐called ‘core’ series. Rb‐Sr determinations of two undeformed or slightly deformed mica books from the vein yielded Palaeocene–Early Eocene ages (c. 62–43 Ma) for the vein formation. The new data are interpreted to closely post‐date the time of major Barrovian‐type High Temperature/Medium Pressure (HT/MP) main Menderes metamorphism (MMM) and coeval crustal‐scale top‐to‐the‐N‐NNE Tertiary deformation that affected the whole Massif. Subsequent cooling occurred in the Middle Eocene (36 ± 2 Ma Ar‐Ar mica ages).Top‐to‐the‐N‐NNE structures were later overprinted by top‐to‐the‐S‐SSW fabrics within normal‐sense ductile shear zone, located between the core augen gneisses in the footwall and the structurally overlying cover schists in the hanging wall. The Massif was at the surface by the Early Miocene. Field relations clearly demonstrate that the age of top‐to‐the‐S‐SSW deformation is well constrained between the age of the MMM and the Early Miocene, and that exhumation was mainly tectonically controlled. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Straightforward furrow irrigation can be 70% efficient
Authors: Jurriëns M. , Lenselink K.J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractDesign and operation of furrow irrigation often focus on finding an optimum combination of the length, the flow rate, and the cut‐off time. In this paper, we analyse various combinations of these three variables using the Furdev program. To express the hydraulic performance of furrow irrigation, we use the standard application efficiency, the surface run‐off ratio, and the deep percolation ratio. The paper investigates three cases: first, we discuss the optimum flow rate for a given length, then the optimum length for a given flow rate, and, finally, we establish a relationship between flow rate and length. In the analyses, wide ranges of soils, lengths, and flow rates are covered.We conclude that it is nearly always possible to find a combination of the three major design variables that will yield an application efficiency of 69–73%, or, say, 70%. Under the assumed conditions of constant inflow, open‐ended furrows, and no under‐irrigation, a higher efficiency is never possible and a lower one not desirable. The 70% ‘rule’ is true only if one of the three variables can be chosen freely. Operational practices like cut‐back, reuse, or blocking the end of the furrow, could easily lead to efficiencies higher than 70%. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FGF6 regulates muscle differentiation through a calcineurin‐dependent pathway in regenerating soleus of adult mice
Authors: Armand Anne‐Sophie , Pariset Claude , Laziz Iman , Launay Thierry , Fiore Frédéric , Della Gaspera Bruno , Birnbaum Daniel , Charbonnier Frédéric , Chanoine Christophe 
Published: January 2005

AbstractImportant functions in myogenesis have been proposed for FGF6, a member of the fibroblast growth factor family accumulating almost exclusively in the myogenic lineage, but its precise role in vivo remains mostly unclear. Here, using FGF6 (−/−) mice and rescue experiments by injection of recombinant FGF6, we dissected the functional role of FGF6 during in vivo myogenesis. We found that the appearance of myotubes was accelerated during regeneration of the soleus of FGF6 (−/−) mice versus wild type mice. This accelerated differentiation was correlated with increased expression of differentiation markers such as CdkIs and calcineurin, as well as structural markers such as MHCI and slow TnI. We showed that an elevated transcript level for calcineurin Aα subunit correlated with a positive regulation of calcineurin A activity in regenerating soleus of the FGF6 (−/−) mice. Cyclin D1 and calcineurin were up‐ and down‐regulated, respectively in a dose‐dependent manner upon injection of rhFGF6 in regenerating soleus of the mutant mice. We showed an increase of the number of slow oxidative (type I) myofibers, whereas fast oxidative (type IIa) myofibers were decreased in number in regenerating soleus of FGF6 (−/−) mice versus that of wild type mice. In adult soleus, the number of type I myofibers was also higher in FGF6 (−/−) mice than in wild type mice. Taken together these results evidenced a specific phenotype for soleus of the FGF6 (−/−) mice and led us to propose a model accounting for a specific dose‐dependent effect of FGF6 in muscle regeneration. At high doses, FGF6 stimulates the proliferation of the myogenic stem cells, whereas at lower doses it regulates both muscle differentiation and muscle phenotype via a calcineurin‐signaling pathway. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multi‐parameter investigation of tandem mass spectrometry in a linear ion trap using response surface modelling
Authors: Moberg My , Markides Karin E. , Bylund Dan 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe feasibility of experimental design in combination with subsequent response surface modelling was illustrated for the prediction and interpretation of tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) fragmentation data using a linear quadrupole ion trap under various experimental conditions. The instrumental parameters included were (i) the pressure of the collision gas, (ii) the collision energy, (iii) the fill time of the linear ion trap and (iv) the scan rate. The spectral intensity and width of five fragment ions of the doubly charged neuro‐active peptide bombesin were used for evaluation, and all experiments were performed so as to resemble the results obtained from a liquid chromatographic peak. The reported results show how fairly simple mathematical tools can be utilized successfully to describe fundamental mechanisms associated with multiple collisional activation and collision‐induced dissociation processes without an extensively controlled experimental environment. Most beneficial, using the suggested approach, is the ability to study interaction (synergistic) effects between various parameters. As was realized from the results, many interaction effects are indeed significant. For example, the effect on the signal intensity of different collision gas pressure settings is strongly dependent on the settings of the other parameters. The described approach can easily be adopted for optimization purposes of any MS/MS experiment. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of a novel microperoxidase from Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Di Tullio Alessandra , Caputi Lorenzo , Malatesta Francesco , Reale Samantha , De Angelis Francesco 
Published: January 2005

AbstractMicroperoxidases are small heme‐peptides obtained by proteolytic digestion of cytochrome c, exhibiting peroxidase activity. They consist of a short‐ or medium‐length polypeptide chain, covalently linked to an iron protoporphyrin IX moiety via two thioether bonds involving Cys residues at the c‐porphyrin A and B pyrrole rings. These small molecules are interesting for a wide range of possible applications. We have structurally characterized, by means of electrospray ionization (ESI) mass and tandem mass spectrometric experiments, a novel microperoxidase called MMP‐5 (Marinobacter MicroPeroxidase‐5), obtained by proteolytic digestion of cytochrome c552, a monoheminic electron‐transfer protein isolated from Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus. This microperoxidase, which still maintains the functional peptide moieties for peroxidase activity, is devoid of the two amino acids intercalating the Cys residues linked to the c‐porphyrin, thus increasing its water solubility. Once submitted to the ESI source potential, MMP‐5 showed an interesting tendency for the reduction of the iron protoporphyrin substructure. This behaviour was clearly evidenced by the mass shift exhibited by the reduced form. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metabolism studies of the anti‐tumor agent maytansine and its analog ansamitocin P‐3 using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Liu Zhongfa , Floss Heinz G. , Cassady John M. , Chan Kenneth K. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractMaytansine, a potent clinically evaluated plant‐derived anti‐tumor drug, and its microbial counterpart, ansamitocin P‐3, showed a substantially higher cytoxicity than many other anti‐tumor drugs. Owing to a shortage of material and lack of sufficiently sensitive analytical methods at the time, no metabolism studies were apparently carried out in conjunction with the initial preclinical and clinical studies on maytansine, but some products of decomposition during the period of storage of the formulated drug were reported. In the current study, the in vitro metabolism of maytansine and ansamitocin P‐3 was studied after incubation with rat and human liver microsomes in the presence of NADPH, and with rat and human plasma and whole blood, using liquid chromatography/multi‐stage mass spectrometry. Unchanged ansamitocin P‐3 and 11 metabolites and unchanged maytansine and seven metabolites were profiled and the structures of some metabolites were tentatively assigned based on their multi‐stage electrospray ion‐trap mass fragmentation data and in some cases accurate mass measurement. The major pathway of ansamitocin P‐3 metabolism in human liver microsomes appears to be demethylation at C‐10. Oxidation and sequential oxidation/demethylation also occurred, although to a lesser extent. However, the major pathway of maytansine metabolism in human liver microsomes is N‐demethylation of the methylamide of the ester moiety. Several minor pathways including O/N‐demethylation, oxidation and hydrolysis of the ester bond were also observed. There were no differences in maytansine metabolism between rat and human liver microsomes; however, the rate of metabolism of ansamitocin P‐3 was different in rat and human liver microsomes. About 20% of ansamitocin P‐3 was converted to its metabolites in rat liver microsomes and about 70% in human liver microsomes under the same conditions. Additionally, 10‐O‐demethylated ansamitocin P‐3 was also detected in the urine after i.v. bolus administration of ansamitocin P‐3 to Sprague–Dawley male rats. No metabolites were detected following incubation of maytansine and ansamitocin P‐3 with human and rat whole blood and plasma. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Control of internal browning and quality improvement of ‘Fuji’ apples by stepwise increase of CO2 level during controlled atmosphere storage
Authors: Chung Hun‐Sik , Moon Kwang‐Deog , Chung Shin‐Kyo , Choi Jong‐Uck 
Published: January 2005

AbstractTo control internal browning injury and to reduce quality loss in ‘Fuji’ apples during storage, a stepwise controlled atmosphere (CA) method was applied in this study. Both non‐bagged and bagged apples during maturation were stored at 0 °C under 1% O2 + 1% CO2, 1% O2 + 3% CO2 or air for 10 months, and 1% O2 + 1% CO2 for 2 months followed by 1% O2 + 3% CO2 for 8 months (stepwise CA). The concentrations of internal ethylene and carbon dioxide in apples kept for 24 h at 20 °C after storage under CA conditions were maintained at low level, but there was no effect of stepwise CO2 increase on internal gas concentrations. The non‐bagged and bagged apples stored under stepwise CA were not significantly different from those stored under 1% O2 + 3% CO2 continuously for 10 months in term of flesh firmness, titratable acidity and yellowing index. However, the apples stored under stepwise CA were firmer, more acid and greener than those stored under 1% O2 + 1% CO2 continuously for 10 months. Internal browning injury occurred in apples stored under 1% O2 + 3% CO2 continuously for 10 months, but it was suppressed completely by stepwise CA storage. The stepwise CA, increasing of CO2 level after holding at 1% CO2 for the first 2 months of storage, was effective in maintaining the quality and controlling the internal browning injury in non‐bagged and bagged ‘Fuji’ apples. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Identification of phenolic compound in manuka honey as specific superoxide anion radical scavenger using electron spin resonance (ESR) and liquid chromatography with coulometric array detection
Authors: Inoue Koichi , Murayama Shiho , Seshimo Fumie , Takeba Kazue , Yoshimura Yoshihiro , Nakazawa Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2005

AbstractApitherapy has become the focus of attention as a form of folk and preventive medicine for treating certain conditions and diseases as well as promoting overall health and well‐being. In apitherapy, honey is the therapeutic agent used for dressing surgical wounds, burns or skin ulcers, as well as for dyspepsia, peptic ulcer, etc., because of its antioxidant activity. Therefore, it is important to determine the antioxidants in honey by analytical techniques. In the present study, the antioxidant activities of honeys from different floral sources were investigated by electron spin resonance (1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and H2O2/NaOH/DMSO scavenging systems), liquid chromatography with coulometric array detection (LC‐ED), and liquid chromatography with electrospray mass spectrometry (LC‐MS). The antioxidant activities of some unifloral honeys (acacia, Chinese milk vetch, buckwheat and manuka) were evaluated using the radical scavenging systems. It was shown that DPPH radical scavenging activity was significantly different among the honeys, with buckwheat and manuka honeys having significantly higher scavenging activity than acacia honey. In addition, only manuka honey had specific scavenging activity for superoxide anion radicals. The compound responsible for this activity in manuka honey was identified by LC‐ED and LC‐MS. Careful examination of the LC‐ED chromatographic patterns of manuka and other honey samples revealed a distinct peak in the chromatogram of manuka honey to be methyl syringate (MSYR). The radical scavenging activity of MSYR was specific for superoxide anion radicals, similar to the case of manuka honey. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Nutritional value of African yambean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa L): improvement by lactic acid fermentation
Authors: Azeke Marshall A , Fretzdorff Barbara , Buening‐Pfaue Hans , Holzapfel Wilhelm , Betsche Thomas 
Published: January 2005

AbstractTropical African yambean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa L) is an under‐utilised hardy, protein‐rich legume. Antinutrients and the excessively long cooking time (4–6 h), among other factors, limit the food use of African yambean seeds. To reduce these limitations, non‐traditional, less energy‐consuming processing methods are required. Seeds of different varieties were (i) examined for ingredients and (ii) fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum. Comparisons with traditionally cooked beans were made. Protein content and in vitro protein digestibility were increased slightly by fermentation or cooking. Reductions in trypsin and α‐amylase inhibitor activity and tannin ranged from significant to complete. The contents of potentially very toxic cyanogenic glycosides and flatulence‐causing α‐galactosides were high in raw beans. Reduction by fermentation (by 85%) was clearly more effective than by traditional cooking (10–20%). The results demonstrate (i) that fermentation can substantially improve the nutritional quality and (ii) that the energy requirement to produce a basic consumable fermented food from African yambean is only 10% of that of traditional cooking. On these grounds, widespread application of lactic acid fermentation by individuals or small‐scale industries would be advantageous in the context of small‐household economy, environmental protection, health and long‐term sustainable agriculture in Nigeria. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
The effects of natural antioxidants and lighting conditions on the quality of salmon (Salmo salar) fillets packaged in modified atmosphere
Authors: Giménez Begoña , Roncalés Pedro , Beltrán José A 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe effect of lighting conditions (darkness, a low‐UV colour‐balanced lamp and supermarket fluorescents), along with the application of natural antioxidants (rosemary extract and ascorbic acid) on shelf‐life of salmon (Salmo salar) fillets packaged in modified atmosphere and stored at 1 ± 1 °C was studied. Darkness and lighting with low‐UV colour‐balanced lamps led to an extension of shelf‐life compared with conventional light, as assessed by a* values, lipid oxidation (TBARS value) and sensory evaluation. The application of natural antioxidants on the surface of MAP salmon fillets gave rise to a delay of lipid oxidation as well as an improvement of the sensory quality, mainly in the case of conventional lighting conditions. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry