bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engineering of copper sulfide mediated by phototherapy performance
Authors: Wu Dan , Huang Qingqing , Sha Shuang , Xue Fengfeng , Huang Gang , Tian Qiwei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCopper sulfide based phototherapy, including photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy, is an emerging minimally invasive treatment of tumor, which the light was converted to heat or reactive oxygen to kill the tumor cells. Compared with conventional chemotherapy and radiation therapy, Cu2−xS based phototherapy is more efficient and has fewer side effects. However, considering the dose‐dependent toxicity of Cu2−xS, the performance of Cu2−xS based phototherapy still cannot meet the requirement of the clinical application to now. To overcome this limitation, engineering of Cu2−xS to improve the phototherapy performance by increasing light absorption has attracted extensive attention. For better guidance of Cu2−xS engineering, we outline the currently engineering method being explored, including (1) structural engineering, (2) compositional engineering, (3) functional engineering, and (4) performance engineering. Also, the relationship between the engineering method and phototherapy performance was discussed in this review. In addition, the further development of Cu2−xS based phototherapy is prospected, including smart materials based phototherapy, phototherapy induced immune microenvironment modulation et al. This review will provide new ideas and opportunities for engineering of Cu2−xS with better phototherapy performance.This article is categorized under:
Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
“Missing Link”
Authors: Isabekova Gulnaz 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis book aims to make a theoretical contribution to understanding the interaction between the relevant actors and the impact of that interaction on the sustainability of development assistance for health care. The notion of impact in the research question presumes a causal relationship between interaction and sustainability. This chapter outlines the methodological framework used to identify the possible causal link between these two phenomena. The analysis commences with an in-depth analysis of how each type of relationship identified in the two projects affects the sustainability of health aid by specifying the aspect(s) affected most, be it the continuity of project activities, maintaining benefits, or building the capacity of a recipient community. In this process, the author identified the mechanisms of ownership, learning, recognition, institutionalization, uniformity, “professionalization,” and replacement. Based on these insights, she suggests broader cross-case causal inferences applicable beyond the cases covered in this book, although under the conditions and circumstances identified for each hypothesis. Closing with the methodological limitations of the selected approach and analytical conclusions, this chapter nevertheless vividly demonstrates the missing causal link between stakeholders’ relationships and the sustainability of health aid.
Theorizing Power, Agents, Structures, and Aid Relationships
Authors: Isabekova Gulnaz 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis chapter discusses relationships among stakeholders in development aid by expanding on the concepts of power, actors, and the types of relationships formed between them. It suggests the presence of conventional and alternative perspectives on power in the literature and provides an analytical framework intended to examine interdependence, the changing nature of power, and stakeholders’ roles in development assistance. This framework commences with a reflection on the meaning of power, its types, and the terms associated with it. Building on the features of the agent-structure approach, the following step discusses the possibilities for stakeholder analysis and outlines the structures pertinent to aid relationships. The third step introduces a project-level analysis as essential to understanding stakeholders’ roles in different phases of aid and examining their potential interdependence as well as the changing nature of power. The final step overviews Haugaard’s (European Journal of Social Theory, 6, 87–113, 2003) seven ways of creating power and how this approach, in combination with the first three steps, may help understand the power dynamics in individual projects. By presenting the types of aid relationships defined by the author of this book, the final step also links the discussion of power dynamics to understanding aid relationships in a broader sense.
The Role of Structural Factors in Selected Health Programs
Authors: Isabekova Gulnaz 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis chapter explores how the structural factors relevant to aid relationships, namely, aid predictability and flexibility, stakeholders’ capacities, and their dependency on aid, unfold in selected case studies. It makes a compelling argument for the relevance of the organizational structure to the multiyear predictability of aid as well as its contingency on the availability of funds. This chapter also vividly demonstrates the implications of (de)centralized decision-making and increased control over finances on aid flexibility or responsiveness of the assistance to recipients’ changing needs. Furthermore, focusing on the capacities of the aid-recipient civil society organizations and state institutions involved in the selected health care programs, it discusses how specific gender roles, the political situation, and systemic problems affected staff recruitment and retention in these organizations. Differentiating between stakeholders’ dependency on technological and financial assets, this chapter also demonstrates considerable diversity across organizations and sectors. Overall, it provides a necessary background for analyzing aid relationships in the following chapters, along with some curious insights that are new to the studies on health care interventions and may be of interest beyond the selected health programs.
The “Community Action for Health”: The Project Life Cycle
Authors: Isabekova Gulnaz 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis chapter offers an in-depth analysis of how the interaction between the aid-recipient state institutions, civil society organizations, and funding partners evolved throughout the “Community Action for Health” project. It demonstrates how stakeholders articulated their resources—be it knowledge, skills, assets, or finances—and how the actors’ roles changed throughout the assistance. By zooming into the four phases of the project life cycle, namely, initiation, design, implementation, and evaluation, this chapter provides a compelling case for the actors’ interdependence and interrelation. This in-depth analysis also allows for an understanding of the reasons behind the selection of a pilot area and targets, the development of community-based organizations, and the countrywide expansion of the initiative. It offers a glimpse into a rare practice of involving aid recipients in the evaluation phase, how stakeholders decided on the assessment criteria, and how it evolved beyond the duration of the project.
The Global Fund Grants: Project Life Cycle
Authors: Isabekova Gulnaz 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis chapter elaborates on the roles of civil society, state, and international organizations involved in the realization of the Global Fund grants to the Kyrgyz Republic. Zooming into the four phases of a project life cycle (initiation, design, implementation, and evaluation) demonstrates the interdependence and interrelation of actors. This chapter also shows that although consonant with national tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS policies, the grants are also shaped by the Global Fund’s recommendations and regulations. These, among others, supported an increase in the share of state co-financing for the activities targeting the two diseases and increased civil society participation in the grants. Overall, the in-depth analysis allows for grasping the conflict, mistrust, and consensus among the actors. In addition, it expands on the grant mismanagement scandal and how the role of a Primary Recipient of grants transferred from state agencies to an international development organization. Overall, systematizing the complexity of processes and stakeholders involved, this chapter provides a comprehensive yet understandable overview of the grant cycle and its realization in practice.
Subcontracting, Repeat Latent Failures and Workplace Disasters
Authors: Quinlan Michael 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSubcontracting, the subletting of work tasks creating a hierarchy of contractual relationships (especially multi-tiered subcontracting), is a centuries-old form of work organisation but has grown substantially since the mid-1970s, including Uber-type arrangements facilitated by digital surveillance and platforms and global supply chains (Nossar in The regulation and management of workplace health and safety: historical and emerging trends, 100–122, 2020). Evidence that subcontracting arrangements can exacerbate health and safety risks (including injury rates, exposures to harmful substances and worker mental wellbeing) is also not new, being extensively documented by government reports and research from the late nineteenth century (see for example Gregson and Quinlan in Labor Hist. 62:534–550, 2020; Quinlan in Int. J. Health Serv. 43:721–744, 2013; Quinlan et al. in Saf. Sci. 57:283–292, 2013)). This paper focuses on the connection between subcontracting and workplace disasters, how to understand their causation and what remedial measures can be taken to minimise such incidents. To do this, it draws on the Pressure, Disorganisation and Regulatory Failure (PDR) model (Bohle et al. in Work Stress 29:114–127, 2015) and the Ten Pathways framework for analysing death and disaster (Quinlan in Ten pathways to death and disaster: learning from fatal incidents in mines and other high hazard workplaces, Federation Press, Sydney, 2014).
Organisational Lucidity and the Impact of Subcontracting
Authors: Pariès Jean 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTrying to assess the impact of subcontracting on safety implies grasping how subcontracting can affect the main ingredients of organisational safety. One of these ingredients is what we will call ‘organisational lucidity’: the ability of an organisation to perceive, at its different levels, what really happens within its operation processes. After listing both lucidity enabling and preventing factors, we discuss the impact of subcontracting on these factors, with reference to a study recently undertaken within a major airline concerning the impact of subcontracting on flight safety.
Conclusions
Authors: Bergmann Jonas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this book, I analyzed the extent to which internal migrants and stayers in areas affected by climate change across Peru’s highlands, rainforest, and coastline could meet their needs and how they self-assessed well-being. The former, objective well-being, includes livelihoods, health, education, shelter, social relatedness, among others, while the latter, subjective well-being, encompasses present emotional balance and cognitive satisfaction as well as views of the future. Three characteristic well-being pathways were clustered. First, displaced persons in the coastal zone and trapped people in the highlands experienced a tailspin into severe ill-being. Second, most migrants from the highlands and the trapped people in the rainforest wound up deadlocked in a worsening state of life, while the voluntary stayers in the Andes risked following this path as well. Finally, a small number of migrants from the highlands and the relocatees in the rainforest were able to recover slowly after climate impacts, albeit with taxing and laborious processes. Regarding mechanisms, the analysis shows that well-being impacts of climate (im)mobilities are primarily contingent on the favorability of structural conditions as well as on the nature and impacts of hazards, whereas people’s frequently low levels of agency can moderate the effects only to a limited extent. Transferring these findings beyond Peru, this study cautions that for most poor, undiversified subsistence farmers harmed by severe climate impacts and subjected to serious structural constraints, climate migration and immobility are bound to threaten well-being. In rarer cases when some of these key parameters are relatively favorable, well-being may return to the baseline, stagnate, or rise marginally; however, such recovery or gains tend to be frail. For policy debates, the findings suggest that under prevailing policy and structures, migration does not work as a positive adaptation strategy for many people. The book highlights that moving and staying can be the consequence of, and lead to further, significant loss and damage. Therefore, several actions recommended in this chapter are urgently needed to improve well-being for both movers and stayers. This includes efforts to reduce climate risks; protect and inform stayers; facilitate movement in dignity where needed; as well as safeguard and improve the well-being of migrants. The chapter also discusses the methodological and conceptual implications of the findings and highlights key research needs. Looking ahead, this book cautions that the well-being threats related to climate (im)mobilities could be extensive. Actions taken in this decade will be critical in determining the magnitude of future climate impacts, other shocks, resultant migration and immobility, and their well-being impacts.
Saturating unitarity bounds at U-duality symmetric points
Authors: Bossard Guillaume , Loty Adrien 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
It has recently been shown that the leading Wilson coefficient in type II string theory can take (almost) all values allowed by unitarity, crossing symmetry and maximal supersymmetry in D = 10 and D = 9 dimensions. This suggests that string theory might define the unique consistent quantum theory of gravity with maximal supersymmetry. We study the minima of the leading Wilson coefficient in D = 6, 7 and 8 dimensions and find the global minimum at the point in moduli space with maximal symmetry. The minimum value turns out to always be negative for D ≤ 7.
Gender differences in structural and attitudinal barriers to mental healthcare in UK Armed Forces personnel and veterans with self-reported mental health problems
Authors: Trompeter Nora , Rafferty Laura , Dyball Daniel , McKenzie Amber , Greenberg Neil , Fear Nicola T. , Stevelink Sharon A. M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Structural and attitudinal barriers often hinder treatment-seeking for mental health problems among members of the Armed Forces. However, little is known about potential gender differences in structural and attitudinal barriers among members of the UK Armed Forces. The current study aimed to explore how men and women differ in terms of these barriers to care among a sample of UK Armed Forces personnel and veterans with self-reported mental health problems.

Methods
Currently serving and ex-serving members of the UK Armed Forces who self-reported a mental health problem were invited to participate in a semi-structured phone interview on mental health and treatment-seeking. The final sample included 1448 participants (1229 men and 219 women). All participants reported on their current mental health, public stigma, self-stigma, and barriers to mental healthcare.

Results
Overall, men and women reported similar levels of both structural and attitudinal barriers, with no significant differences detected. The highest scores for both men and women were observed in attitudinal barriers relating to self-stigma domains, which encapsulate internalised attitudes and beliefs about mental illness and treatment.

Conclusions
Findings suggest that anti-stigma campaigns can be targeted simultaneously at both men and women within the Armed Forces. In particular, targeting self-stigma may be beneficial for health promotion campaigns.
Prozessbasierter Ansatz in der Psychotherapie
Authors: Stangier Ulrich , Strauß Bernhard , Rief Winfried , Hofmann Stefan G. 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungDer prozessbasierte Therapieansatz stellt ein neues Konzept der Diagnostik, Therapieplanung und zum Therapieprozess dar. Im Zentrum des Verständnisses von psychischen Störungen steht die Auffassung, dass die „Ursache“ psychischer Störungen nicht etwa auf latente „Krankheiten“ zurückgeführt wird, sondern diese in dynamischen Netzwerken von psychischen Prozessen eines Individuums gesehen wird. Durch Erfassung von Variablen in Alltagssituationen, die im individuellen Fall relevant sind, sollen solche zentralen Faktoren („Knoten“), die maladaptive Netzwerke aus sich wechselseitig beeinflussenden Störungsprozessen aufrechterhalten, identifiziert werden. Aus der konkreten Erfassung von störungsrelevanten Prozessen im Problemkontext lassen sich individuell relevante Ansatzpunkte für evidenzbasierte Interventionen ableiten; diese verändern das maladaptive Muster des Störungsnetzwerkes und fördern adaptivere Erlebnis- und Verhaltensweisen. Zusätzlich sind die Interaktionsprozesse in der therapeutischen Beziehung zu berücksichtigen und auf die individuellen Bedürfnisse der Patient*innen anzupassen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden auch die gegenwärtig noch offenen Fragen bei der Anwendung prozessbasierter Therapie in der therapeutischen Praxis behandelt.
Seeing the fields through the weeds: introducing the WeedEco R package for comparing past and present arable farming systems using functional weed ecology
Authors: Stroud Elizabeth , Charles Michael , Jones Glynis , Hodgson John G. , Bogaard Amy 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe functional ecology of arable weeds provides a way of comparing present-day and past farming regimes. This paper presents the R package WeedEco, an open-source resource which allows users to compare their archaeobotanical dataset against three previously published arable weed models to understand fertility, disturbance or a combination of both. The package provides functions for data organisation, classification and visualisation, allowing users to enter raw archaeobotanical data, obtain trait values from the functional trait dataset, conduct discriminant analysis and plot the results against the relevant present-day model. Using data from the early medieval site of Stafford in the UK, the paper provides a detailed example of the use of the package, demonstrating its different functions, as well as how the results can be interpreted.
Eine App für die informelle Pflege
Authors: Hudelmayer Annika , zur Kammer Kenneth , Schütz Johanna 
Published: October 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Personen, die an informellen Pflegearrangements beteiligt sind, werden als Zielgruppe für digitale Angebote gesehen. Pflegende An- und Zugehörige übernehmen häufig die Organisation und Koordination der Pflege, was mit einem hohen Informationsbedarf verbunden ist.

Ziel der Arbeit
Die Studie geht der Frage nach, inwiefern die Nutzung einer digitalen Anwendung – insbesondere die dort aufbereiteten, pflegerelevanten Informationen – von pflegenden Angehörigen als Unterstützung im Pflegealltag wahrgenommen werden.

Material und Methoden
Eine marktreife Smartphone-App wird von 16 pflegenden Angehörigen über mehrere Monate genutzt. Mithilfe qualitativer Interviews wird untersucht, welche Funktionen in realen Pflegesituationen genutzt und als Mehrwert empfunden werden. Die Auswertung erfolgt mithilfe der Inhaltsanalyse nach Kuckartz.

Ergebnisse
Die App wird punktuell genutzt, und die Zufriedenheit mit den darin aufbereiteten Informationen ist u. a. von der Pflegesituation abhängig. Ein Mehrwert und eine Entlastung durch die App werden v. a. zu Beginn einer Pflegesituation gesehen. Die Teilnehmenden weisen auf bisher nicht integrierte, aber wünschenswerte Anforderungen, z. B. regionale Informationen oder individuelle Anpassungen, hin.

Diskussion
Damit digitale Unterstützungsmöglichkeiten ihr erhofftes Potenzial entfalten können, müssen diese den an informeller Pflege Beteiligten frühzeitig bekannt sein. Weitere Voraussetzungen dafür, dass Pflege-Apps von der Zielgruppe als Mehrwert wahrgenommen werden, sind eine vertrauenswürdige Darstellung der Inhalte, deren Individualisierbarkeit und Aktualität.
Multidisciplinary evaluation of the remineralization potential of three fluoride-based toothpastes on natural white spot lesions
Authors: Orilisi Giulia , Vitiello Flavia , Notarstefano Valentina , Furlani Michele , Riberti Nicole , Monterubbianesi Riccardo , Bellezze Tiziano , Campus Guglielmo , Carrouel Florence , Orsini Giovanna , Putignano Angelo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objectives
This in vitro study aimed assessing the remineralization potential of three commercial fluoride-based toothpastes in permanent teeth with natural white spot lesions (WSLs). A multidisciplinary approach based on Raman microspectroscopy (RMS), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Vickers microhardness (VMH) was exploited.

Methods
N = 12 human molars with natural WSLs in the proximal-vestibular zone were selected and divided into 4 groups (n = 3) according to the different treatments: HAF (hydroxyapatite with fluoride ions); SMF (sodium monofluorophosphate with arginine); SF (sodium fluoride with enzymes), and CTRL (untreated group). All toothpastes tested contained 1450 ppm of fluoride. Teeth samples were submitted to the following protocol: a 7-day pH cycling treatment, with two daily exposures (2 min each time) to the commercial toothpastes described above. The surface micromorphology (SEM), the chemical/elemental composition (RMS and EDS), and the Vickers microhardness (VMH) were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed.

Results
A remarkable remineralization of WSLs in SEM images was observed in all treated groups compared to CTRL. In particular, HAF and SF displayed higher values of VMH, phosphates amount (I960), crystallinity (FWHM960), and lower ones of C/P (I1070/I960) with respect to CTRL. Intermediate values were found in SMF, higher than CTRL but lower with respect to HAF and SF. As regards the Ca/P ratio, statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between SF and the other groups.

Conclusions
All the tested dentifrices have shown to remineralize the WSLs. SF and HAF have comparable capability in hardness recovery and crystallinity; however, SF shows the best remineralizing potential according to both micromorphological and chemical analyses.
Clinical relevance
The daily use of toothpastes containing hydroxyapatite partially replaced with fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate with arginine and sodium fluoride toothpaste associated with enzymes represents a preventive, therapeutic, effective, and non-invasive tool for remineralize WSLs.