bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A phenomenological wobbling model for isolated pulsars and the braking index
Authors: Araujo E C A , De Lorenci V A , Peter P , Ruiz L S 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
An isolated pulsar is a rotating neutron star possessing a very high magnetic dipole moment, thus providing a powerful radiating mechanism. These stars loose rotational energy E through various processes, including a plasma wind originating from a highly magnetized magnetosphere and the emission of magnetic dipole radiation (MDR). Such phenomena produce a time decreasing angular velocity Ω(t) of the pulsar that is usually quantified in terms of its braking index. Although these mechanisms are widely acknowledged as the primary drivers of the spin evolution of isolated pulsars, it is plausible that other contributing factors influencing this effect have yet to be comprehensively investigated. Most of young isolated pulsars present a braking index different from that given by the MDR and plasma wind processes. Working in the weak field (Newtonian) limit, we take in this work a step forward in describing the evolution of such a system by allowing the star’s shape to wobble around an ellipsoidal configuration as a backreaction effect produced by its rotational deceleration. It is assumed that an internal damping of the oscillations occurs, thus introducing another form of energy loss in the system, and this phenomenon may be related to the deviation of the braking index from the models based on $\dot{E} \sim -\Omega ^4$ predictions. Numerical calculations suggest that the average braking index for typical isolated pulsars can be thus explained by a simple phenomenological model.
Primordial black hole mass function with mass gap
Authors: Bi Xiao-Ming , Chen Lu , Wang Ke 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Primordial black holes (PBHs) are mainly characterized by their mass function, in which there may be some huge suppression for certain mass spans. If this is the case, the absence of these PBHs will form mass gaps. In this paper, we investigate the PBH mass function with the mass gap. First, to obtain a data-supported PBH mass function with the mass gap for subsolar masses PBHs, we fine-tune the coefficients of a model-independent power spectrum of primordial curvature perturbations. Then we take this unique PBH mass function into consideration and calculate the energy-density spectrum of the stochastic gravitational-wave background from PBH mergers. We find the location of its first peak almost has no relationship with the mass gap and is only determined by the probability distribution of frequencies at which PBH binaries merge. Apart from the first peak, there must be an accompanying smaller trough at a higher frequency resulting from the mass gap. Therefore, the detection of this smaller trough will provide more information about inflation and PBH formation.
Nitrogen abundances of the Be-type stars in 30 Doradus
Authors: Dufton P L , Langer N , Lennon D J , Schneider F R N , Evans C J , Sana H , Taylor W D 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
A sub-set of the 67 Be-type stars observed in 30 Doradus during the VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey (VFTS) campaign have been analysed to estimate atmospheric parameters and chemical compositions, in particular their nitrogen abundance. Reliable results were found for 23 targets comprising the largest Large Magellanic Cloud sample currently available. The nitrogen abundance estimates have been compared with predictions from evolutionary models for rapidly rotating single stars (or non-interacting multiple systems) and for interacting binaries. The observations appear to be incompatible with all the targets having a single star evolutionary history. The results agree better with a binary evolutionary history with at least 30 per cent of the VFTS sample having apparently evolved by this pathway. These conclusions are consistent with a previous analysis of the ve sin i-estimates for this Be-type sample.
Bulge–disc decomposition of the Hydra cluster galaxies in 12 bands
Authors: Lima-Dias Ciria , Monachesi Antonela , Torres-Flores Sergio , Cortesi Arianna , Hernández-Lang Daniel , P. Montaguth Gissel , Jiménez-Teja Yolanda , Panda Swayamtrupta , Menéndez-Delmestre Karín , Gonçalves Thiago S , Méndez-Hernández Hugo , Telles Eduardo , Dimauro Paola , Bom Clécio R , Mendes de Oliveira Claudia , Kanaan Antonio , Ribeiro Tiago , Schoenell William 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
When a galaxy falls into a cluster, its outermost parts are the most affected by the environment. In this paper, we are interested in studying the influence of a dense environment on different galaxy’s components to better understand how this affects the evolution of galaxies. We use, as laboratory for this study, the Hydra cluster which is close to virialization; yet it still shows evidence of substructures. We present a multiwavelength bulge–disc decomposition performed simultaneously in 12 bands from S-PLUS (Southern Photometric Local Universe Survey) data for 52 galaxies brighter than mr = 16. We model the galaxies with a Sérsic profile for the bulge and an exponential profile for the disc. We find that the smaller, more compact, and bulge-dominated galaxies tend to exhibit a redder colour at a fixed stellar mass. This suggests that the same mechanisms (ram-pressure and tidal stripping) that are causing the compaction in these galaxies are also causing them to stop forming stars. The bulge size is unrelated to the galaxy’s stellar mass, while the disc size increases with greater stellar mass, indicating the dominant role of the disc in the overall galaxy mass–size relation found. Furthermore, our analysis of the environment unveils that quenched galaxies are prevalent in regions likely associated with substructures. However, these areas also harbour a minority of star-forming galaxies, primarily resulting from galaxy interactions. Lastly, we find that ∼37 per cent of the galaxies exhibit bulges that are bluer than their discs, indicative of an outside-in quenching process in this type of dense environments.
Sensitivity and specificity of folate receptor α-positive circulating tumour cells in gastric cancer
Authors: Cao Beibei , Liu Liang , Zhang Rui , Dong Hongliang , Shen Jie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Purpose
We aimed to investigate whether folate receptor α (FRα)-positive circulating tumour cells (CTCs) could be used as a noninvasive liquid biopsy approach in gastric cancer (GC).

Methods
Tissue microarray and bioinformatic analyses were used to evaluate FRα expression in GC. Patients with FRα-positive CTC examinations at our institute between July 2021 and May 2022 were retrospectively evaluated. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of FRα-positive CTCs in GC.

Results
FRα was highly expressed and associated with poor prognosis in GC based on public database. Data for 163 patients (20 with benign disease and 143 with GC) were retrospectively collected. FRα-positive CTC levels were significantly higher in the GC group than in the benign disease group (12.15 ± 1.47 FU/3 ml vs. 10.47 ± 1.63 FU/3 ml, P &lt; 0.01). FRα-positive CTC levels were also elevated in GC patients with vessel/neuron invasion or extra-nodal tumour deposits (12.31 ± 1.47 FU/3 ml vs. 11.77 ± 1.38 FU/3 ml, P = 0.037). Areas under the curve of FRα-positive CTC levels for GC and early GC were 0.774 (P &lt; 0.001) and 0.736 (P = 0.005). With a cut-off value of 10.95 FU/3 ml, the Youden indexes for GC and early GC were 0.502 (sensitivity = 85.2% and specificity = 65.0%) and 0.450 (sensitivity = 80.0% and specificity = 65.0%), respectively.

Conclusion
FRα-positive CTC detection by noninvasive liquid biopsy is a useful and effective approach for screening of patients with GC.

Key messages

What is already known on this topic
Early detection is important in the treatment of gastric cancer. However, noninvasive diagnostic techniques with adequate sensitivity are lacking.

What this study adds
The diagnostic performance of folate receptor-positive circulating tumour cells was better than that of carcinoembryonic antigen. With the optimal cut-off values, the sensitivities of folate receptor-positive circulating tumour cells in the diagnosis of gastric cancer and early gastric cancer were 85.2% and 80.0%, respectively.

How this study might affect research, practice, or policy
Folate receptor-positive circulating tumour cell examination is a promising noninvasive approach for the screening of patients with gastric cancer.
Trends in research grant applications and outcomes among medical students in the United Kingdom: a national self-reported cross-sectional survey
Authors: Inyang Deborah , Madume Rachael , Corriero Anna Chiara , Sofela Agbolahan , Osunronbi Temidayo ,   REMED-UK collaborators
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Research funding disparities contribute to clinical academic workforce inequalities. Hence, our study explores the association between student demographics and research grant application rates and outcomes among UK medical students.

Methods
This is a national multicentre cross-sectional survey of UK medical students in the 2020–21 academic year. Multiple zero-inflated negative binomial regression and generalized linear model (binomial distribution; logit link) were utilized to investigate the association between student demographics, number of grant applications submitted, and successful grant applications (yes or no). P-values less than a Bonferroni-corrected significance level of 0.05/36 = 0.0014 were considered to be statistically significant.

Results
A total of 1528 students participated from 36 medical schools. One hundred fifty-one respondents (9.9%) had applied for research grants. Black students submitted applications 2.90 times more often than white students [Incident rate ratio (IRR): 2.90, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.37–6.16], with no ethnic disparity in the odds of successful applications. Gender did not influence application rates significantly (P = .248), but women were 4.61 times more likely to secure a grant than men [odds ratio: 4.61, 95% CI: 2.04–10.4]. Being a PubMed-indexed author was associated with increased grant application submission rates [IRR: 3.61, 95% CI: 2.20– 5.92] while conducting more research was associated with greater odds of securing a grant [odds ratio: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.17– 1.73].

Conclusion
Although black students submitted more applications, ethnicity did not influence success rates. Gender did not influence application rates, but women were more successful. These findings underscore the need for strategies supporting women and underrepresented students for continued academic achievement after graduation.

Key Messages
What is already known on this topic Research funding for post-PhD researchers is believed to be a major driver of gender and ethnic inequalities in the clinical academic workforce.Students who receive research grants are more likely to receive postgraduate research grants.
What this study adds Black students applied for more research grants than white students, but there were no ethnic differences in the odds of securing a grant.There were no gender differences in the research grant application rates. However, female students had greater odds of securing research grants compared to male students.
How this study might affect research, practice or policy Medical schools should incorporate grant writing skills into the undergraduate research curriculum. Also, to sustain women’s academic success post medical school, the NIHR and affiliates should provide research award extensions and childcare support for women when required.
Neighborhood Income Mobility and Risk of Neonatal and Maternal Morbidity
Authors: Jairam Jennifer A. , Vigod Simone N. , Siddiqi Arjumand , Guan Jun , Boblitz Alexa , Wang Xuesong , O'Campo Patricia , Ray Joel G. 
Published: November 2023

(Abstracted from JAMA Network Open 2023;6(5):e2315301)
Women of low socioeconomic position are more likely to have poorer pregnancy outcomes than those of higher socioeconomic position, according to a growing body of epidemiological studies. Residence in low socioeconomic areas is associated with limited availability, access, and quality of health and social services.
Diagnostic Yield of Exome Sequencing in Cerebral Palsy and Implications for Genetic Testing Guidelines: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Gonzalez-Mantilla P. J. , Hu Y. , Myers S. M. , Finucane B. M. , Ledbetter D. H. , Martin C. L. , Moreno-De-Luca A. 
Published: November 2023

(Abstracted from JAMA Pediatr 2023;177(5):472–478)
Exome sequencing (ES) is a powerful diagnostic tool that is now used routinely in diagnosing neurodevelopmental disorders, although it is not used as commonly as a tool for the diagnosis of cerebral palsy (CP). Cerebral palsy can and often does occur simultaneously with neurodevelopmental disorders such as intellectual disability (ID), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and speech disorders, which are often evaluated by ES due to their significant genetic components and the variety of known genes that are associated with each disorder.
Adjuvant Human Papillomavirus Vaccination After Excisional Procedure for Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia, A Cost-effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Chaiken Sarina R. , Bruegl Amanda S. , Caughey Aaron B. , Emerson Jenna , Munro Elizabeth G. 
Published: November 2023

(Abstracted from Obstet Gynecol 2023;141:756–763)
A precursor to one of the most common cancers in the world and the United States and worldwide (cervical malignancy) is cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Because the causal agent is known to be human papillomavirus (HPV), a primary prevention method of HPV vaccination is universally recommended for individuals 9 to 26 years of age and is not universally recommended but is approved for individuals aged 27 to 45 years.
Endoscopic Sequential Decompression of Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head of Nontraumatic Origin: Description of a Surgical Technique
Authors: Aguilera-Bohórquez Bernardo , Sigüenza Cristina , Gerstner-Saucedo Jochen , Carvajal Álvaro 
Published: November 2023

Introduction:
Treatment options for nontraumatic avascular necrosis of the femoral head (NAVNT) aim to reduce intraosseous pressure and restore vascular flow to prevent the collapse of the femoral head. The objective of this study was to describe a modification of the standard central decompression technique, called sequential decompression, in patients with NAVNT.

Materials and Methods:
Sequential decompression consists of 4 stages: (1) negative pressure release with capsulotomy, (2) bone decompression by removing the cortical from the anterior superior part of the femoral head-neck junction, (3) intramedullary decompression and stimulation of osteogenesis through tunnels from the anterolateral aspect of the femoral neck, and (4) stimulation of angiogenesis with the application of platelet-rich plasma in the subchondral plate.

Results:
Five cases (4 men and 1 woman, age: 28.8±16.4 y) were treated with the sequential decompression technique. A decrease in pain and an improvement in function were observed in all cases.

Conclusion:
We believe that the approach offered by sequential decompression impacts the different pathophysiological pathways of NAVNT, which helps control intraosseous pressure, removal of necrotic tissue, stimulation of angiogenesis, and bone regeneration.

Level of Evidence:
Level V, expert opinion.
Nonbronchoscopic Bronchoalveolar Lavage Improves Respiratory Culture Accuracy in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Jeng Margaret , Orsini Erica M. , Yerke Jason , Mehkri Omar , Mireles-Cabodevila Eduardo , Khouli Hassan , Mujanovic Samin , Wang Xiaofeng , Duggal Abhijit , Vachharajani Vidula , Scheraga Rachel G. 
Published: November 2023

OBJECTIVES:
Diagnosis of pneumonia is challenging in critically ill, intubated patients due to limited diagnostic modalities. Endotracheal aspirate (EA) cultures are standard of care in many ICUs; however, frequent EA contamination leads to unnecessary antibiotic use. Nonbronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage (NBBL) obtains sterile, alveolar cultures, avoiding contamination. However, paired NBBL and EA sampling in the setting of a lack of gold standard for airway culture is a novel approach to improve culture accuracy and limit antibiotic use in the critically ill patients.

DESIGN:
We designed a pilot study to test respiratory culture accuracy between EA and NBBL. Adult, intubated patients with suspected pneumonia received concurrent EA and NBBL cultures by registered respiratory therapists. Respiratory culture microbiology, cell counts, and antibiotic prescribing practices were examined.

SETTING:
We performed a prospective pilot study at the Cleveland Clinic Main Campus Medical ICU in Cleveland, Ohio for 22 months from May 2021 through March 2023.

PATIENTS OR SUBJECTS:
Three hundred forty mechanically ventilated patients with suspected pneumonia were screened. Two hundred fifty-seven patients were excluded for severe hypoxia (Fio
2 ≥ 80% or positive end-expiratory pressure ≥ 12 cm H2O), coagulopathy, platelets less than 50,000, hemodynamic instability as determined by the treating team, and COVID-19 infection to prevent aerosolization of the virus.

INTERVENTIONS:
All 83 eligible patients were enrolled and underwent concurrent EA and NBBL.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
More EA cultures (42.17%) were positive than concurrent NBBL cultures (26.51%, p = 0.049), indicating EA contamination. The odds of EA contamination increased by eight-fold 24 hours after intubation. EA was also more likely to be contaminated with oral flora when compared with NBBL cultures. There was a trend toward decreased antibiotic use in patients with positive EA cultures if paired with a negative NBBL culture. Alveolar immune cell populations were recovered from NBBL samples, indicating successful alveolar sampling. There were no major complications from NBBL.

CONCLUSIONS:
NBBL is more accurate than EA for respiratory cultures in critically ill, intubated patients. NBBL provides a safe and effective technique to sample the alveolar space for both clinical and research purposes.
Single-cell dissection of the multicellular ecosystem and molecular features underlying microvascular invasion in HCC
Authors: Li Ke , Zhang Rui , Wen Fukai , Zhao Yunzheng , Meng Fanshuai , Li Qingyu , Hao Aimin , Yang Bailu , Lu Zhaoyang , Cui Yifeng , Zhou Meng 
Published: November 2023

Background and Aims:
Microvascular invasion (MVI) is a crucial pathological hallmark of HCC that is closely associated with poor outcomes, early recurrence, and intrahepatic metastasis following surgical resection and transplantation. However, the intricate tumor microenvironment and transcriptional programs underlying MVI in HCC remain poorly understood.

Approach and Results:
We performed single-cell RNA sequencing of 46,789 individual cells from 10 samples of MVI+ (MVI present) and MVI- (MVI absent) patients with HCC. We conducted comprehensive and comparative analyses to characterize cellular and molecular features associated with MVI and validated key findings using external bulk, single-cell, and spatial transcriptomic datasets coupled with multiplex immunofluorescence assays. The comparison identified specific subtypes of immune and stromal cells critical to the formation of the immunosuppressive and pro-metastatic microenvironment in MVI+ tumors, including cycling T cells, lysosomal associated membrane protein 3+ dendritic cells, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2+ macrophages, myofibroblasts, and arterial i endothelial cells. MVI+ malignant cells are characterized by high proliferation rates, whereas MVI- malignant cells exhibit an inflammatory milieu. Additionally, we identified the midkine-dominated interaction between triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2+ macrophages and malignant cells as a contributor to MVI formation and tumor progression. Notably, we unveiled a spatially co-located multicellular community exerting a dominant role in shaping the immunosuppressive microenvironment of MVI and correlating with unfavorable prognosis.

Conclusions:
This study provides a comprehensive single-cell atlas of MVI in HCC, shedding light on the complex multicellular ecosystem and molecular features associated with MVI. These findings deepen our understanding of the underlying mechanisms driving MVI and provide valuable insights for improving clinical diagnosis and developing more effective treatment strategies.
Evaluation of terlipressin-related patient outcomes in hepatorenal syndrome-acute kidney injury using point-of-care echocardiography
Authors: Premkumar Madhumita , Kajal Kamal , Reddy K. Rajender , Izzy Manhal , Kulkarni Anand V. , Duseja Ajay Kumar , Sihag K. Bhupendra , Divyaveer Smita , Gupta Ankur , Taneja Sunil , De Arka , Verma Nipun , Rathi Sahaj , Bhujade Harish , Chaluvashetty Sreedhara B. , Roy Akash , Kumar Vishesh , Siddhartha Vuppada , Singh Virendra , Bahl Ajay 
Published: November 2023

Background and Aims:
Treatment of hepatorenal syndrome-acute kidney injury (HRS-AKI), with terlipressin and albumin, provides survival benefits, but may be associated with cardiopulmonary complications. We analyzed the predictors of terlipressin response and mortality using point-of-care echocardiography (POC-Echo) and cardiac and renal biomarkers.

Approach:
Between December 2021 and January 2023, patients with HRS-AKI were assessed with POC-Echo and lung ultrasound within 6 hours of admission, at the time of starting terlipressin (48 h), and at 72 hours. Volume expansion was done with 20% albumin, followed by terlipressin infusion. Clinical data, POC-Echo data, and serum biomarkers were prospectively collected. Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (CCM) was defined per 2020 criteria.

Results:
One hundred and forty patients were enrolled (84% men, 59% alcohol-associated disease, mean MELD-Na 25±SD 5.6). A median daily dose of infused terlipressin was 4.3 (interquartile range: 3.9–4.6) mg/day; mean duration 6.4 ± SD 1.9 days; the complete response was in 62% and partial response in 11%. Overall mortality was 14% and 16% at 30 and 90 days, respectively. Cutoffs for prediction of terlipressin nonresponse were cardiac variables [ratio of early mitral inflow velocity and mitral annular early diastolic tissue doppler velocity > 12.5 (indicating increased left filling pressures, C-statistic: 0.774), tissue doppler mitral velocity < 7 cm/s (indicating impaired relaxation; C-statistic: 0.791), > 20.5% reduction in cardiac index at 72 hours (C-statistic: 0.885); p < 0.001] and pretreatment biomarkers (CysC > 2.2 mg/l, C-statistic: 0.640 and N-terminal proBNP > 350 pg/mL, C-statistic: 0.655; p<0.050). About 6% of all patients with HRS-AKI and 26% of patients with CCM had pulmonary edema. The presence of CCM (adjusted HR 1.9; CI: 1.8–4.5, p = 0.009) and terlipressin nonresponse (adjusted HR 5.2; CI: 2.2–12.2, p<0.001) were predictors of mortality independent of age, sex, obesity, DM-2, etiology, and baseline creatinine.

Conclusions:
CCM and reduction in cardiac index, reliably predict terlipressin nonresponse. CCM is independently associated with poor survival in HRS-AKI.