bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cohort study to assess geographical variation in cholangiocarcinoma treatment in England
Authors: Jose Sophie , Zalin-Miller Amy , Knott Craig , Paley Lizz , Tataru Daniela , Morement Helen , Toledano Mireille B , Khan Shahid A 
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND
Outcomes for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) are extremely poor owing to the complexities in diagnosing and managing a rare disease with heterogenous sub-types. Beyond curative surgery, which is only an option for a minority of patients diagnosed at an early stage, few systemic therapy options are currently recommended to relieve symptoms and prolong life. Stent insertion to manage disease complications requires highly specialised expertise. Evidence is lacking as to how CCA patients are managed in a real-world setting and whether there is any variation in treatments received by CCA patients.
AIM
To assess geographic variation in treatments received amongst CCA patients in England.
METHODS
Data used in this cohort study were drawn from the National Cancer Registration Dataset (NCRD), Hospital Episode Statistics and the Systemic Anti-Cancer Therapy Dataset. A cohort of 8853 CCA patients diagnosed between 2014-2017 in the National Health Service in England was identified from the NCRD. Potentially curative surgery for all patients and systemic therapy and stent insertion for 7751 individuals who did not receive surgery were identified as three end-points of interest. Linear probability models assessed variation in each of the three treatment modalities according to Cancer Alliance of residence at diagnosis, and for socio-demographic and clinical characteristics at diagnosis.
RESULTS
Of 8853 CCA patients, 1102 (12.4%) received potentially curative surgery. The mean [95% confidence interval (CI)] percentage-point difference from the population average ranged from -3.96 (-6.34 to -1.59)% to 3.77 (0.54 to 6.99)% across Cancer Alliances in England after adjustment for patient sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, showing statistically significant variation. Amongst 7751 who did not receive surgery, 1542 (19.9%) received systemic therapy, with mean [95%CI] percentage-point difference from the population average between -3.84 (-8.04 to 0.35)% to 9.28 (1.76 to 16.80)% across Cancer Alliances after adjustment, again showing the presence of statistically significant variation for some regions. Stent insertion was received by 2156 (27.8%), with mean [95%CI] percentage-point difference from the population average between -10.54 (-12.88 to -8.20)% to 13.64 (9.22 to 18.06)% across Cancer Alliances after adjustment, showing wide and statistically significant variation from the population average. Half of 8853 patients (n = 4468) received no treatment with either surgery, systemic therapy or stent insertion.
CONCLUSION
Substantial regional variation in treatments received by CCA patients was observed in England. Such variation could be due to differences in case-mix, clinical practice or access to specialist expertise.
Paired-related homeobox 1 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition in oesophageal squamous cancer
Authors: Guo Jin-Bao , Du Ming , Wang Bin , Zhong Li , Fu Zhong-Xue , Wei Jin-Lai 
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND
It is unclear that paired-related homeobox 1 (PRRX1) induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in oesophageal cancer and the specific function of PRRX1 in oesophageal cancer metastasis.
AIM
To assess the signiﬁcance of PRRX1 expression and investigate the mechanism of EMT in oesophageal cancer metastasis.
METHODS
Detect the expression of PRRX1 by immunohistochemistry in oesophageal tumour tissues and adjacent normal oesophageal tissues; the PRRX1 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) or blank vector lentiviral gene delivery system was transfected into cells; cell proliferation assay, soft agar colony formation assays, cell invasion and migration assays and animal studies were used to observe cells biological characteristics In vitro and in vivo ; XAV939 and LiCl were used to alter the activity of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Immunofluorescence staining and western blot analysis were used to detect protein expression of EMT markers and Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
RESULTS
PRRX1 is expressed at high levels in oesophageal cancer specimens and is closely related to tumour metastasis in patients with oesophageal cancer. Regulation of PRRX1 expression might exert obvious effects on cell proliferation, especially the migration and invasion of oesophageal cancer cells. Moreover, silencing PRRX1 expression using a shRNA produced the opposite effects. In addition, when PRRX1 was overexpressed, inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway with XAV939 negated the effect of PRRX1 on EMT, whereas when PRRX1 was downregulated, activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway with LiCl impaired the effect on EMT.
CONCLUSION
PRRX1 is upregulated in oesophageal cancer is closely correlated with cancer metastasis. Additionally, PRRX1 induces EMT in oesophageal cancer metastasis through activation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling.
Prognostic value of T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 expression in upper gastrointestinal tract tumors: A meta-analysis
Authors: Yan Jing-Jing , Liu Bing-Bing , Yang Yan , Liu Meng-Ru , Wang Han , Deng Zhen-Quan , Zhang Zhi-Wei 
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND
There is a lack of robust prognostic markers for upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract cancers, including esophageal, gastric, and esophagogastric junction cancers. T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM3) plays a key immunomodulatory role and is linked to the prognosis of various cancers. However, the significance of TIM3 in upper GI tract tumors is still uncertain.
AIM
To investigate the prognostic value of TIM3 expression in upper GI tract tumors.
METHODS
A literature search was conducted on the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases for relevant studies published until June 2023. After screening and quality assessment, studies that met the criteria were included in the meta-analysis. Statistical methods were used for the pooled analysis to assess the association of TIM3 expression in upper GI tract tumors with the prognosis and clinicopathological parameters. The results were reported with the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).
RESULTS
Nine studies involving 2556 patients with upper GI tract cancer were included. High TIM3 expression was associated with a worse prognosis in upper GI tract cancer (HR: 1.17, 95%CI: 1.01-1.36). Positive expression of TIM3 in gastric cancer was correlated with the T and N stage, but the difference was not statistically significant. However, TIM3 overexpression was significantly correlated with the TNM stage (odds ratio: 1.21, 95%CI: 0.63-2.33; P < 0.05). TIM3 expression showed no association with the other clinicopathological parameters.
CONCLUSION
High expression of TIM3 in the upper GI tract cancer is associated with a worse prognosis and advanced T or N stages, indicating its potential value as a prognostic biomarker. These findings may provide a basis for the personalized treatment of upper GI tract cancers.
Implications of Russia- Ukraine War on World Peace and Security
Authors: Fidelis Ikaade , Ahmed Ibrahim 
Published: December 2023

The lingering tension between Ukraine and Russia have been visible since Ukraine gained its independence in 1991 not until 20 February, 2014 following the Ukraine’s revolution of dignity, and in February 2022 Russia lunched a full scale invasion of Ukraine. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine is the most violent interstate conflict in the world since the second invasion of Iraq and Afghanistan in 2003 and 2001 respectively by the United States of America. The paper examined the nature and causes of this war, and consequences of the war. The Qualitative method of data analysis through the use of Secondary sources of data was used in achieving the said objectives. The paper adopts the power theory as theoretical framework in investigating the nature of the war, remote and immediate causes of the war. The paper found out that the war is hybrid in nature and there are remote causes such as Ukraine’s sense of national identity, idiosyncrasy of the leaders’ involved and immediate causes such as Ukraine’s sovereignty, and status of Crimea, Donetsk, and Luhansk, international alliances, that triggered the occupation of Ukraine by Russia in February of 2022. The paper recommends that respect for a state’s sovereignty as enshrined in international law and United Nation’s charter should be a thing of national concern of both countries, that referendum should be considered especially with issues surrounding the status of Crimea. Also the paper recommends mutual tolerance and respect for international law, to avert plunging the world into avoidable crises of unimaginable proportion
Knowledge, attitude and practice of preconception care among female National Youth Service Corps Members in Lagos State
Authors: Omunakwe PC , Odeyemi KA 
Published: December 2023

Background: Maternal and neonatal mortality statistics in Nigeria are poor, and the burden of deaths from preventable causes is on the increase. Preconception care has been documented to reduce maternal mortality. This study was undertaken to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice of preconception care among female National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) members in Lagos State.Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 370 female corps members without a history of pregnancy. A multistage sampling technique was used to select the participants. A semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection, and data was analyzed with Epi-Info 7 software. The Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used to determine the association between socio-demographic characteristics and the outcome variables with level of significance set at p<0.05.Results: Out of 370 respondents with mean age 21 years ± 8.5), 48.9% had fair knowledge of preconception care, 30.5% and 20.5%had poor and good knowledge respectively. The majority of aware respondents (92.5%) exhibited a positive attitude to preconception care. Good practice was reported among 47.3%, fair practice 35.1% and poor practice by 17.6% of the respondents. A statistically significant association was found between education level (p = 0.047), course of study (p < 0.001) and knowledge. Education level (p= 0.037) and course of study (p = 0.026) were significantly associated with practice.Conclusion: Preconception care knowledge was fair among study population; attitude was positive while practice was good. Preconception care health education should be implemented to create awareness among female corps members.
Vascularisation of Endometrium In Primary Dysmenorrhea wsr to Kha-Vaigunya
Authors: H.L.M.G.Sajeewani  , L.P.Dei  
Published: December 2023

Painful menstruation can be correlated with Udavartini Yonivyapad in Charaka Samhita or Udavarta Yonivyapad in Susruta Samhita. Deregulation of endometrial blood flow has been associated with several menstrual disorders including primary dysmenorrhoea, menorrhagia, inter-menstrual bleeding and endometriosis. Doppler assessment of uterine artery is essential to reflect endometrial vascularisation. It is identified that pain in primary dysmenorrhea is caused by excessive endometrial prostaglandin production leading to abnormal uterine activity and consequent changes in blood flow within the uterus. Kha vaigunya is a process with a general cause for abnormalities in the Srothas (vasculature). It is a gradually progressing chronic phenomenon which may lead to an interruption in circulation of materials causing the physiological arrest of metabolism and the elimination of metabolic wastes. Therefore excessive production of the metabolic materials leads to excessive amounts of prostaglandin. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between pain and uterine vascularity and the study suggests that primary dysmenorrheaic patients tend to have moderately positive correlation with pain intensity.
Significance of Vedhan Karma in Restricted and Painful Shoulder Joint Diagnosed as Vatarakta
Authors: Pal Subodh  , Paradkar Hemant  , Pathrikar Anaya  , Attar Sajida  
Published: December 2023

Vatarakta is a disease of Avarana pathology caused by vitiated Rakta and Vata. The Vata gets vitiated by its own causes and its movement gets restricted by vitiated Rakta which leads to Vatarakta. In this disease, Vata and Rakta get vitiated by distinct etiological factors. One of the major causes of Rakta and Vata Dushti is trauma as told by Acharya Charaka in Jwar chikitsa. Severe pain is the major symptom of Vatarakta that gets relieved instantly by Raktmokshan as advised by Acharya Charak. Vedhan Karma was selected for Raktamokshan.
Vedhan Karma (piercing) is one of the eight surgical procedures (Ashtavidha Shashtra Karma) explained by Acharya Sushruta. It is very simple and cost-effective. The points of Vedhan are specific according to diseases.
After proper history taking and diagnosis, if Vedhankarma is done in the appropriate place we get instant results. It is safe, time-saving, and cost-effective. Hence a study was carried out using Vedhankarma in a case of painful, restricted movements of the left shoulder joint which was diagnosed as Vatarakta. For Vedhan, Suchee Shastra (26 no. needle) was used. The patient got instant relief from pain and improvement in restricted movement.
A Comparative Analytical Study of Krishna Musali Choorna and Krishna Musali Kshara
Authors: Nayana. N  , Suchetha Kumari  , Suchitra N. Prabhu  
Published: December 2023

Krishna Musali (Curculigo orchioides) is among the Dashapushpa, a group of ten herbs which is culturally and medically important to the people of Southern India, especially in Kerala. Krishna Musali is mentioned in various context in the names of Krishna Musali, Talapatri, Talamooli etc. and it is having Madhuratikta rasa, Ushna virya and it is Vatapittahara and Rasayana properties. In classics references about this drug can be seen in the context of Dhoomapana yoga, Kshara vidhi, Ekangasopha chikitisa etc and the Acharyas were categorized in to specific Gana or Varga based on its mode of action. Krishna Musali Choorna and Kshara prepared based on the method of preparation mentioned in Sharangadhara Samhita. Analytical study was carried out for the purpose of standardization. For the qualitative assurance of the raw material analytical study provides the objective parameters for the standardization leading to a reproducible quality. These tests were done for evaluating the anticancer activity of Krishna Musali Choorna and Kshara in cervical cancer cell lines. The preliminary phytochemical study shows high alkalinity of Krishna Musali Kshara compared to Choorna, it supports the definition of alkali of being caustic and corrosive in nature. So, it will be helpful in the treatment of early stages of Cervical carcinoma.
Pharmaceutico-Analytical Study of Naga Bhasma by Using Rasatarangini Reference
Authors: Shewalkar Kalyani Jeewanrao  
Published: December 2023

Naga bhasma is one of the herbo-metallic preparations used in Ayurveda. In this study an effort has been made to establish standards for Naga bhasma prepared by using classical ref. described in Rasatarangini with classical format, Shodhana, Jarana, Bhavana & Marana. In Samanya & Vishesha ‘Shodhana’ (purification process) removes heavy metals other than lead, apart from making it soft and acquiescent for trituration. Jarana process is pre-procedure of Marana for all Puti loha. For putapka of Putiloha without Jarana process it difficult to convert the Bhasma because these metal have low melting point. Manahshila is Ariloha of Naga. Ariloha is used as Maraka Dravya for preparation of Bhasma which acts as supporting agent to help the efficacy of Bhasma. Black coloured Naga Bhasma was obtained after 10 Puta by using classical Puta. Prepared Naga bhasma subjected to tests mentioned in Ayurvedic texts Varitar, Rekhapurnatva, & Unnam, tests and physico-chemical analysis such as pH Value, Total Ash, Loss on drying and acid insoluble ash.
Kajian Kebijakan Publik Menurut Tata Pemerintahan Yang Bersih Dan Berwibawa
Authors: . Erika Fara Septia Ningrum , . Moh. Adzib Zamroni , . Urnika Ainurrohma , . Uswatun Hasanah 
Published: December 2023

The National Development Program is to realize clean and authoritative governance. For this reason, appropriate policies are needed on institutional changes and management systems, the quality of human resources for apparatus, and an effective monitoring system. Policy studies are expected to generate and transform information about values, facts and actions. The purpose of this writing is to study public policy towards clean and authoritative governance. The writing method is carried out by conducting relevant literature studies both from books, journals and articles. So the state administration policy must be directed, to: 1) Close the abuse of authority in the form of KKN practices, 2) Growing the quality of state administration and, 3) Growing community empowerment in implementing development.
Efektivitas Media Pembelajaran Interaktif Dalam Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Pendidikan Jasmani Dalam Permainan Bola Voli
Authors: . Nurul Aulia Silvianti , . Novri Gazali 
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this study is to find out how the effectiveness of interactive learning media in increasing interest in

learning physical education in volleyball games. The typeof this research is an experiment, the population and sample in this study are students of class XI IPS 2 SMA N 3 Siak Hulu, which consists of 30 students. The research instrument was used through
3 stages, namely the Pree Test (initial test of giving an interest in learning questionnaire) then giving treatment (interactive learning touch) and finally the Post Test (giving a questionnaire of interest in learning again). Based on the results of the
research data analysis, it can be concluded that there is an influence from the interactive method in increasing interest in learning physical education in volleyball games. This is shown from the amount of t-count from t-table (3.055 > 2.052) or 11%.
Pentingnya Pengetahuan Perawatan Lensa Kontak Lunak Bagi Pemakai Di Optik Citra Padang
Authors: . Ihsan Saunir 
Published: December 2023

This scientific paper discusses the importance of soft contact lens care knowledge for users in Padang Citra Optics. This study aims to determine: Knowledge, care for users, the use , the impact of wearing and maintaining soft contact and also handling of the use and maintenance of soft contact lenses at Optik Citra Padang. This research design uses descriptive quantitative method. The population in this study was all patients wearing soft contact lenses at Optik Citra Padang in the period 15 July 2021-15 August 2021. Data were collected through questionnaires and research instruments using a Check List. The results showed that the respondents did not fully know the proper and correct care of soft contact lenses, this was seen as many as 24 respondents (53%) knew the correct soft contact lens care procedure and as many as 21 respondents (47%) did not know the treatment procedures. correct soft contact lenses, 21 respondents (47%) understand how to properly put on and remove soft contact lenses and 24 respondents (53%) do not understand how to properly install soft contact lenses, 20 respondents (44.40%) know about the impact of wearing and maintaining soft contact lenses that are not up to standard and as many as 25 respondents (55.60) do not know about the impact of wearing and maintaining soft contact lenses that are not up to standard, 14 respondents (31%) know how to handle the use and care of soft contact lenses and 31 respondents (69%) do not know how to handle from wearing soft contact lenses. There are several suggestionsFor RO to provide information to, For opticians, it is recommended to improve the quality of eye health services to the public, for academies, it is recommended to improve the quality of education. (4) For the public, it is recommended that when wearing and caring for contact lenses, more attention should be paid to use and care for them properly so as not to cause an impact on eye health.
Pengaruh Penambahan Ekstrak Kunyit (Curcuma domestica) dengan Konsentrasi yang Berbeda Terhadap Daya Simpan dan Uji Organoleptik Abon Daging Itik
Authors: . Jauhar Habibah , . Rizky Febriyani Putri , . Maya Istyadji 
Published: December 2023

Duck meat is one of the livestock potentials that has economic value and is a source of high quality protein. Duck meat processing needs to be done to add flavor and improve quality so that it has a longer shelf life. The addition of turmeric in meat processing can be used as a spice and natural antioxidant. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding turmeric extract on the results of water content and pH levels as well as organoleptic tests on processed shredded duck meat. The method used in this study was an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) experiment with the addition of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% turmeric extract. Storage time was 30 days at room temperature and 3 repetitions were carried out for each treatment. The results showed that there was an effect of adding turmeric extract on water content (p=0.000) and pH level (p=0.016). The results of the organoleptic test analysis of shredded duck meat showed that there was an effect of adding turmeric extract on the color and texture of shredded duck meat. Based on the de Garmo effectiveness test, the P2 treatment (10%) was the best and most preferred treatment by the panelists with a relative value of 0.75.
PENGUJIAN PERATURAN PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN MENURUT UNDANG-UNDANG DASAR 1945
Authors: Jamri Jamri , Muhsin Muhsin 
Published: December 2023

There are two legal regulation testing institutions in Indonesia that submit judicial reviews. First, to review laws against the 1945 Constitution, the authority to review them lies with the Constitutional Court. Second, testing through judicial review of statutory regulations under the law, if they conflict with the law, the authority lies with the Supreme Court. A study of legal regulations in Indonesia actually guarantees that every product of legal regulations, especially laws in Indonesia, in forming norms must not conflict with the norms contained in the constitution or the 1945 Constitution, as well as the formation of legislative regulations under the law must do not conflict with the law, where the 1945 Constitution itself has been placed in the highest position in statutory regulations.

Pengujian peratuan perundang-undangan di indonesia terdapat dua lembaga untuk mengajukan judicial review. Pertama menguji UU terhadap UUD 1945 kewenangan mengujinya ada pada Mahkamah Konstitusi. Kedua pengujian melalui judicial review peraturan perundang-undangan dibawah undang undang apabila bertentangan dengan undang-undang kewenangannya berda di Mahkamah Agung. pengujian peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia tersebut sebenarnya mejaga agar setiap produk peraturan perundang-undangan khususnya Undang-Undang di Indonesia dalam pembentukan norma tidak boleh bertentangan dengan norma yang telah ada pada konstitusi atau UUD 1945, begitu juga dengan pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan di bawah undang-undang tidak boleh bertentangan dengan undang-undang, dimana UUD 1945 sendiri telah di letakan pada posisi yang paling tinggi pada peraturan perundang-undangan.