bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluate the current and predict the future real GDP of Afar regional state, Ethiopia
Authors: Ali Abdurhman Kedir , Abdulkadr Ahmed Abduletif , Habtie Getnet Mamo , Asfaw Dagmawe Menelek 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEthiopia has implemented numerous national development plans and strategies to achieve sustainable economic growth at both the national and regional levels, specifically in the Afar region. However, there has been a lack of assessment regarding the outcomes and expected goals of these plans and strategies, particularly for the regional economy. Hence, this study assesses the current and future gross domestic product (GDP) of Ethiopia’s Afar regional state. It analyzes the data using a descriptive and econometric model called autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA). The analysis shows that the regional GDP has been increasing over time, but per capita income remains below the national average. The service sector dominates the economy, while the growth of the industry sector has been stagnant. This indicates that development policies have not achieved their goals of reducing poverty and transforming the economy. Using the ARIMA model, it is projected that the Afar regional GDP will gradually increase from 19,300.20 Billion Birr to 21,678.20 Billion Birr between 2023q1 and 2025q4, with an average growth rate of 10%. It is important for development policies to prioritize not just economic growth, but also social development within local communities. This involves addressing issues related to institutional capacity, and governance, and leveraging agricultural resources to benefit agro-pastoralists and pastoralists, as the agricultural sector is the main driver of the economy. By understanding the present and projected GDP of the Afar regional state, policymakers and stakeholders can make informed decisions for sustainable and inclusive economic growth.
A Quasi-experimental Study on the Effect of Pre-entry Tuberculosis Screening for Immigrants on Treatment Outcomes in South Korea: A Difference-in-Differences Analysis
Authors: Yu Sarah , Jeong Dawoon , Kang Hee-Yeon , Kang Young Ae , Lee Gyeong In , Choi Hongjo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Objective
This study ascertains the effects of the pre-entry tuberculosis (TB) screening policy, which was implemented as a strategy for managing TB among immigrants, on the treatment outcomes of immigrants in South Korea.

Methods
This study linked three different datasets from 2013 to 2018, namely (1) Korean National Tuberculosis Surveillance System; (2) National Health Information Database for patients diagnosed with TB with ICD code A15-A19, B90, or U84.3; and (3) Statistics Korea database related to cause of deaths. To identify the effect of the policy, cohorts comprising Korean and immigrant TB patients notified before (January 1, 2013–December 31, 2015) and after (September 1, 2016–December 31, 2018), the implementations of the policy were established. A difference-in-differences (DID) analysis of the treatment success and mortality rates was performed.

Results
Data from 100,262 TB patients were included in the analysis (before policy implementation: 1240 immigrants and 65,723 Koreans; after policy implementation: 256 immigrants and 33,043 Koreans). The propensity score matching-DID analysis results showed that the difference in the treatment success rate between immigrants and Koreans decreased significantly, from 16% before to 6% after the policy implementation. The difference in the mortality rate between the two groups decreased from − 3% before to − 1% after the policy implementation; however, this difference was insignificant.

Conclusion
The treatment outcomes of immigrant TB patients in South Korea improved after the implementation of the pre-entry active TB screening policy. Future immigrant TB policies should consider establishing active patient support strategies and a healthcare collaboration system between countries.
The least singular value of a random symmetric matrix
Authors: Campos Marcelo , Jenssen Matthew , Michelen Marcus , Sahasrabudhe Julian 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Let A be an

$n \times n$

symmetric matrix with

$(A_{i,j})_{i\leqslant j}$

independent and identically distributed according to a subgaussian distribution. We show that

$$ \begin{align*}\mathbb{P}(\sigma_{\min}(A) \leqslant \varepsilon n^{-1/2} ) \leqslant C \varepsilon + e^{-cn},\end{align*} $$

where

$\sigma _{\min }(A)$

denotes the least singular value of A and the constants

$C,c>0 $

depend only on the distribution of the entries of A. This result confirms the folklore conjecture on the lower tail of the least singular value of such matrices and is best possible up to the dependence of the constants on the distribution of

$A_{i,j}$

. Along the way, we prove that the probability that A has a repeated eigenvalue is

$e^{-\Omega (n)}$

, thus confirming a conjecture of Nguyen, Tao and Vu [Probab. Theory Relat. Fields 167 (2017), 777–816].
Multi-periodicity in the high gravity blue large amplitude pulsator ZTF J071329.02-152125.2
Authors: Koen Chris 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
New time series photometry of the pulsating hot subdwarf star ZTF J071329.02-152125.2 is presented. Rapid (timescale of hours) changes in the amplitude of the known pulsation in the star was observed. This could be ascribed to beating between three closely spaced frequencies, but analysis of all available photometry finds a range of different frequencies, with widely different amplitudes. A new frequency of 49.66 d

$^{-1}$

, suggestive of gravity-mode pulsation, was also discovered. The star may be a hybrid p-mode/g-mode hot subdwarf pulsator which sometimes exhibits extraordinarily large amplitude variability.
“APPROXIMATE” WIGGLE-MATCH DATING APPLIED TO EARLY AMERICAN MUSEUM OBJECTS
Authors: Hadden Carla S , Napora Katharine G , Tharp Brent W 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTWiggle-match dating of tree-ring sequences is particularly promising for achieving high-resolution dating across periods with reversals and plateaus in the calibration curve, such as the entire post-Columbian period of North American history. Here we describe a modified procedure for wiggle-match dating that facilitates precise dating of wooden museum objects while minimizing damage due to destructive sampling. We present two case studies, a dugout canoe and wooden trough, both expected to date to the 18th–19th century. (1) Tree rings were counted and sampled for dating from exposed, rough cross-sections in the wood, with no or minimal surface preparation, to preserve these fragile objects; (2) dating focused on the innermost and outermost portions of the sequences; and (3) due to the crude counting and sampling procedures, the wiggle-match was approximated using a simple ordered Sequence, with gaps defined as Intervals. In both cases, the outermost rings were dated with precision of 30 years or better, demonstrating the potential of wiggle-match dating for post-European Contact canoes and other similar objects.
The Evolution of Scottish Enlightenment Publishing
Authors: Ryan Yann Ciarán , Tolonen Mikko 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis article uses large-scale bibliographic data to extract and analyse the works, authors, and publishers of the Scottish Enlightenment. By doing so, we aim to encompass a wider scope and definition of Scottish Enlightenment publishing, contextualizing both the major and the lesser-known publishers. We reveal two competing models for key Scottish publishers: those working in Scotland, publishing works that were printed later in London; and those working in London, printing Scottish works. We show that the careers of key publishers such as Andrew Millar (1705–68) should be considered in relational terms: that Millar must be understood in the context of his wider network, taking into account a longer view of the publishing landscape both before and after his career. Moreover, we establish the relevance of subsequent editions of existing works for the understanding of eighteenth-century publishing. The article also argues for an agnostic view of the ‘Scottish Enlightenment text’, one which considers the features of individual texts rather than a priori assumptions about canonical works. Consequently, we show that the significance of works of scientific improvement evolves and becomes intertwined with education, literature, philosophy, and history over time; resulting in a convergence of practice, theory, and literary expression.
The limits of criminal justice reform: an analysis of elite rhetoric in four cities
Authors: Tatz Erin , Bekele Helen , Mattioli Lauren , Piston Spencer 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAs the coronavirus pandemic swept the nation in 2020, many emphasized that carceral spaces were hotspots for the virus, leaving Black and Brown people especially vulnerable to infection. In combination with other critiques of racism in the carceral state, these observations created pressure to decarcerate, especially on the political left. How did political elites discuss the carceral state in this changed atmosphere? To answer this question, we analyze rhetoric in public statements across four liberal metropolitan areas during the spring and summer of 2020. In these statements, we find a long-standing discourse of racially paternalist penal welfarism, retrofitted to pandemic times and accompanied by a distinction between “deserving” and “undeserving” criminals. Accommodating portrayals of incarcerated people as vulnerable to COVID-19 and in desperate need of care, this pattern of rhetoric positioned the carceral state as a protector in order to justify continued incarceration.
Pathologization, Law, and Gender in Cases of Infanticide in Spain and the Netherlands in the Mid-Twentieth Century: A Comparative Perspective
Authors: Ruberg Willemijn , Serrano Martínez Sara 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This article compares how gender and pathologization were entangled in the laws on infanticide in Spain and the Netherlands in 1930–1960, as well as in court practices. Both countries knew lenient laws for women who killed their newborn babies. These laws themselves did not assume that these women were suffering from a mental disorder, even though they referred to emotional state. In Spain, where the notion of honor was more important in the law, from the 1940s a debate was held about the relationship between mental illness and infanticide laws in the context of the Franco regime's emphasis on pronatalism. While in Spain the institutional monopoly of the generalist forensic physician as preferred expert excluded psychiatrists, in the Netherlands forensic psychiatrists were more influential, and their role increased from the 1950s. The article argues that regardless of many differences in forensic and political culture in both countries infanticidal women were pathologized: in Spain mostly via some interpretations of the infanticide law, and in the Netherlands via forensic psychiatry. However, pathologization, we show, involved many lay actors such as lawyers, legal scholars, and probation services.
Seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 N antibodies between December 2021 and march 2023 in Japan
Authors: Yamayoshi Seiya , Nagai Etsuko , Mitamura Keiko , Hagihara Masao , Kobayashi Ryo , Takahashi Satoshi , Shibata Akimichi , Uwamino Yoshifumi , Hasegawa Naoki , Iqbal Asef , Kamimaki Isamu , Iwatsuki-Horimoto Kiyoko , Nagamura-Inoue Tokiko , Kawaoka Yoshihiro 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in 2019 in China and rapidly spread worldwide, leading to a pandemic. The threat of SARS-CoV-2 is subsiding as most people have acquired sufficient antibodies through vaccination and/or infection to prevent severe COVID-19. After the emergence of the omicron variants, the seroprevalence of antibodies against the N protein elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection ranged from 44.4% to 80.2% in countries other than Japan. Here, we assessed the seroprevalence in Japan before and after the appearance of omicron variants. Serosurveillance of antibodies against N was conducted between December 2021 and March 2023 in Japan. In total, 7604 and 3354 residual serum or plasma samples were collected in the Tokyo metropolitan area and Sapporo, respectively. We found that the seroprevalence in representative regions of Japan increased approximately 3% to 23% after the emergence of the omicron variants. We also found higher seroprevalence among the young compared with the elderly. Our findings indicate that unlike other countries, most of the Japanese population has not been infected, raising the possibility of future SARS-CoV-2 epidemics in Japan.
Paediatric heart transplantation: life-saving but not yet a cure
Authors: Boucek Robert , Chinnock Richard , Scheel Janet , Deshpande Shriprasad R. , Urschel Simon , Kirklin James 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn the 1980s, heart transplantation was the first successful treatment for infants born with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Infants who have required heart transplantation benefit from immunologic “advantages,” including long-term survival free from cardiac allograft vasculopathy. Currently ∼ 90% of children undergoing a heart transplant are reaching their first-year anniversary and the clinical practices of paediatric heart transplantation have dramatically improved. These successes are largely attributed to research sponsored by the Pediatric Heart Transplant Study Group, the International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation and, more recently, the Non-profits Enduring Hearts and Additional Ventures. Despite these successes, the field is challenged to increase progress to achieve long-term survival into adulthood. The wait-list mortality, especially among infants, is unacceptably high often leading to palliative measures that can increase post-transplant mortality. Cardiac allograft vasculopathy remains a major cause for progressive graft loss of function and sudden death. The relative tolerance seen in immature recipients has not been translated to modifying older recipients’ post-transplant outcomes. The modifiable cause(s) for the increased risks of transplantation in children of different ethnicities and races require definition. Addressing these challenges faces the reality that for-profit research favours funding adult recipients, with ∼ 10-fold greater numbers, and their more modest longevity goals. Advocacy for funding “incentives” such as the Orphan Drug rules in the United States and upholding principles of equity and inclusion are critical to addressing the challenges of paediatric heart transplant recipients worldwide.
Empirically derived portion sizes from the DOrtmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) study for 4- to 18-year-old children and adolescents to simplify analysis of dietary data using FFQ
Authors: Schnermann Maike Elena , Nöthlings Ute , Alexy Ute 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective:
To apply FFQ, knowledge about portion sizes is relevant. According to increased energy and nutrient requirements, average portion sizes of foods are supposed to increase during growth. We provide empirically derived portion sizes for 4- to 18-year-olds in different age groups to facilitate analyses of FFQ data in children and adolescents.

Design:
Using data from the dynamic DOrtmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed cohort study, quantile regression for smoothing percentiles was used to derive portion sizes as a function of age from which age- and food group-specific portion sizes were calculated as median food group intake (g).

Setting:
Dortmund, Germany.

Participants:
Data from 3-day weighed dietary records (WDR) of 1,325 participants (♀: 653) were analysed. Participants provided in total 9,828 WDR (on average 7·5 per participant) between 1985 and 2022. WDR were grouped into five age groups, whereby each age group covered 3 years of age.

Results:
In total, 11 955 food items were reported and categorised into sixteen major food groups with seventy-one sub-groups. Portion sizes tended to increase with age, except for milk- and plant-based alternatives. Comparing 4- to 6-year-olds to 16- to 18-year-olds, portion size increased between 22·2 % (processed meat: 18 g v. 22 g) and 173·3 % (savoury snacks: 15 g v. 41 g).

Conclusion:
We provide empirically derived portion sizes for children and adolescents. These data are useful to establish dietary assessment methods based on estimates of portion sizes, such as FFQ, for children and adolescents.
Applicability of Object Detection to Microfossil Research: Implications From Deep Learning Models to Detect Microfossil Fish Teeth and Denticles Using YOLO‐v7
Authors: Mimura K. , Nakamura K. , Yasukawa K. , Sibert E. C. , Ohta J. , Kitazawa T. , Kato Y. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMicrofossils of fish teeth and denticles, referred to as ichthyoliths, provide critical information for depositional ages, paleo‐environments, and marine ecosystems, especially in pelagic realms. However, owing to their small size and rarity, it is time‐consuming and difficult to analyze large numbers of ichthyoliths from sediment samples, limiting their use in scientific studies. Here, we propose a method to automatically detect ichthyoliths from microscopic images using a deep learning technique. We applied YOLO‐v7, one of the latest object detection architectures, and trained several models under different conditions. The model trained under appropriate conditions with an original data set achieved an F1 score of 0.87. We then enhanced the data set efficiently using the pre‐trained model. We validated the practical applicability of the model by comparing the number of ichthyoliths detected by the model with those counted manually. This revealed that the best model can predict the number of triangular teeth, denticles and irregularly shaped teeth with minimal human intervention. This object detection method can extend the applicability of deep learning to a wider array of microfossils and has the potential to dramatically increase the spatiotemporal resolution of ichthyolith records for applications across disciplines.
Anthropogenic Dust as a Significant Source of Ice‐Nucleating Particles in the Urban Environment
Authors: Chen Jie , Wu Zhijun , Gong Xianda , Qiu Yanting , Chen Shiyi , Zeng Limin , Hu Min 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAnthropogenic dust is an important constituent of airborne particles in the urban environment but its ice nucleation activity remains poorly investigated. Here, we studied the sources and ice nucleating properties of size‐resolved particles in the urban atmosphere under mixed‐phase cloud conditions. The heat‐resistant ice nucleating particles (INPs) unexpectedly contributed ∼70% of the supermicron INPs at temperatures below −15°C. A detailed chemical composition analysis of size‐resolved particles revealed that these INPs were associated with anthropogenic dust, such as traffic‐influenced road dust. A parameterization based on supermicron particles was developed to predict the anthropogenic dust INP concentration, given their correlations on concentration and similarity in chemical compositions. Once integrated into global models, this parameterization holds the potential to assess the contribution of anthropogenic dust to INPs on a global scale. Given the considerable presence of anthropogenic dust in the atmosphere and its significant role as INPs, we suggest it may be an important aerosol source influencing cloud microphysics and warrant further investigations.
Evaporation Loss From Small Agricultural Reservoirs in a Warming Climate: An Overlooked Component of Water Accounting
Authors: Aminzadeh Milad , Friedrich Noemi , Narayanaswamy Sankeerth , Madani Kaveh , Shokri Nima 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSmall agricultural reservoirs support water demands during dry spells. However, evaporative losses that are often overlooked in water accounting and management diminish the storage efficiency of these popular but un‐inventoried resources. We developed a predictive framework to identify the spatio‐temporal extent of small reservoirs (900–100,000 m2) and quantify their evaporative losses using a physically‐based model. Focusing on water‐stressed regions of Europe (Italy, Spain, and Portugal), our results indicate that the total number and cumulative area of small reservoirs in drier areas of Europe almost doubled in two decades from about 6,200 reservoirs with the cumulative area of 46 km2 in 2,000 to 11,800 reservoirs with the cumulative area of 93.5 km2 in 2020. We observed climate‐driven trends in the expansion of agricultural reservoirs and their evaporative losses which exceeded 72 million cubic meters during warm months (April to September) accounting for 38% of their total storage capacity.
Greenspace and Land Cover Diversity During Pregnancy in a Rural Region, and Associations With Birth Outcomes
Authors: Chipman Jonathan W. , Shi Xun , Gilbert‐Diamond Diane , Khatchikian Camilo , Baker Emily R. , Nieuwenhuijsen Mark , Karagas Margaret R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBeneficial effects on health outcomes have been observed from exposure to spaces with substantial green vegetation (“greenspace”). This includes studies of greenspace exposure on birth outcomes; however, these have been conducted largely in urban regions. We characterized residential exposure to greenspace and land cover diversity during pregnancy in rural northern New England, USA, investigating whether variation in greenspace or diversity related to newborn outcomes. Five landscape variables (greenspace land cover, land cover diversity, impervious surface area, tree canopy cover, and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) were aggregated within six circular zones of radii from 100 to 3,000 m around residential addresses, and distance to conservation land was measured, providing a total of 31 greenspace and diversity metrics. Four birth outcomes along with potentially confounding variables were obtained from 1,440 participants in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study. Higher greenspace land cover up to 3,000 m was associated with larger newborn head circumference, while impervious surface area (non‐greenspace) had the opposite association. Further, birth length was positively associated with land cover diversity. These findings support beneficial health impacts of greenspace exposure observed in urban regions for certain health outcomes, such as newborn head circumference and length but not others such as birthweight and gestational age. Further our results indicate that larger radius buffer zones may be needed to characterize the rural landscape. Vegetation indices may not be interchangeable with other greenspace metrics such as land cover and impervious surface area in rural landscapes.
Permeability and Elastic Properties of Rocks From the Northern Hikurangi Margin: Implications for Slow‐Slip Events
Authors: Tisato Nicola , Bland Carolyn D. , Van Avendonk Harm , Bangs Nathan , Garza Hector , Alamoudi Omar , Olsen Kelly , Gase Andrew 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFluid flow and pore‐pressure cycling are believed to control slow slip events (SSEs), such as those that frequently occur at the northern Hikurangi margin of New Zealand. To better understand fluid flow in the forearc system we examined the relationship between several physical properties of Cretaceous‐to‐Pliocene sedimentary rocks from the Raukumara peninsula. We found that the permeability of the deep wedge is too low to drain fluids, but fracturing increases permeability by orders of magnitude, making fracturing key for fluid flow. In weeks to months, plastic deformation, swelling, and possibly not‐yet‐identified mechanisms heal the fractures, restoring the initial permeability. We conclude that overpressures at the northern HM might partly dissipate during SSEs due to enhanced permeability near faults. However, in the months following an SSE, healing in the prism will lower permeability, forcing pore pressure to rise and a new SSE to occur.