bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scanning Force Microscopy
Authors: Sarid Dror 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Since its invention in 1982, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has enabled users to obtain images reflecting surface electronic structure with atomic resolution. This technology has proved indispensable as a characterization tool with applications in surface physics, chemistry, materials science, bio-science, and data storage media. It has also shown great potential in areas such as the semiconductor and optical quality control industries. Scanning Force Microscopy, Revised Edition updates the earlier edition’s survey of the many rapidly developing subjects concerning the mapping of a variety of forces across surfaces, including basic theory, instrumentation, and applications. It also includes important new research in STM and a thoroughly revised bibliography. Academic and industrial researchers using STM, or wishing to know more about its potential, will find this book an excellent introduction to this rapidly developing field.
Introduction
Authors: Macdonnell Francis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
From 1938 to 1942 stories of the Axis Fifth Column inundated America. Fears about a hidden enemy boring from within and preparing the way for a hostile invasion extended from the White House to the public at large. In reality, Axis operations in the United States never amounted to much, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation easily countered the “Trojan Horse” activity that did exist. Nevertheless, by the time of United States entry into the Second World War the Fifth Column scare had deeply penetrated the nation’s psyche. This study outlines the origins, evolution, and collapse of the hysteria, and it explains the causes and consequences of the panic. The term “Fifth Column” originated during the Spanish Civil War. It was said to have first been used by the Nationalist general Emilio de Mola. During a radio broadcast in September 1936, Mola allegedly announced that four separate columns were advancing on Madrid, one from the south, another from the southwest, a third from the west, and a fourth from the northwest. He added that a fifth column was making ready to erupt from within the capital city.
Dangerous Demagogues, Men on Horseback, and Native Fascists
Authors: Macdonnell Francis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Fifth Column invasions depended, in part, upon a hostile outside power finding individuals and organizations ready to sell out their own nation. The United States never felt itself immune to home-grown traitors. In fact, as the thirties progressed, concern about domestic disloyalty mounted. Shortly after Hitler’s rise to power, the possibility of fascism in the United States became a matter of considerable public discussion.1 Harper’s, the New Republic, the Nation, Christian Century, and Commonweal ran pieces on the subject.2 A number of monographs also addressed the matter: Shirts, compiled by Travis Hoke for the American Civil Liberties Union (1934); Do We Want Fascism, by Carmen Haider (1934); The Choice Before Us, by Norman Thomas (1934); and The Forerunners of American Fascism, by Raymond Gram Swing (1935).3 Most of these articles and books stopped short of prophesying doom for American democracy. Instead, they tended to point out dangerous trends which suggested that the United States was more vulnerable to fascism than many cared to admit. Liberals and radicals were particularly troubled by the possibility that America might go the way of Germany and Italy. However, such fears also afflicted conservatives who detected signs of incipient fascism as well as Communism in the New Deal.
The Opening Alarm
Authors: Macdonnell Francis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1938 the Federal Bureau of Investigation uncovered an extensive Nazi spy ring centered in New York City. A shocked public learned that Germany had planted agents within America’s armed forces and defense industries. The FBI presented conclusive evidence linking German government officials to the espionage network. Though the situation caused grave concern, it did not set off a national panic in and of itself. Experts informed the public that the ring had acquired little intelligence of real value and that the captured Nazi spies had operated in a reassuringly clumsy manner. Nonetheless, the case recalled the years immediately before United States entry into World War I, when agents for the Kaiser had engaged in hostile operations against America. The Chicago Tribune noted that the indictment of eighteen individuals for espionage was the “greatest expose of spy activities since the world war.”1 Newsweek similarly observed that “not since the World War has there been such feverish activity in rooting out alleged German spies.”2 It was clear that the quiet days of the interwar era were over. Now America had become a target for the Nazis. The New York spy case was key to the emergence of a Fifth Column scare. The elaborate web of intrigue which the government unmasked in 1938 seemed to prove Hitler’s commitment to offensive action against the United States.
Other Fifth Columns
Authors: Macdonnell Francis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On the evening of October 30, 1938, Orson Welles’s Mercury Theatre of the Air presented a radio dramatization of The War of the Worlds. The program, aired on the Columbia Broadcasting System, was structured in the form of a series of news reports. Only loosely adapted from H. G. Wells’s original story, it vividly described a Martian invasion of Grovers Mills, New Jersey. At four separate points in the broadcast CBS announced that “the entire story and all its incidents were fictitious.” Local stations also interrupted the show with similar disclaimers. Nonetheless, the day after Welles’s broadcast aired, newspaper accounts described “a tidal wave of terror” which had “swept the nation.” Reports told of terrified citizens who had fled their homes, weeping college students who had made farewell telephone calls to loved ones, and stout he’.lrted individuals who had volunteered to battle the hostile extraterrestrials. A study by social scientist Hadley Cantril concluded that over one million Americans had been frightened by the War of the Worlds broadcast. Welles issued a public apology for the panic sparked by his program, and the chairman of the Federal Communications Commission pronounced the whole affair “regrettable.”
The Fifth Column in Europe
Authors: Macdonnell Francis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In July 1941, the citizens of Anderson, South Carolina (population 20,000) staged a mock invasion of their own town. Over 1300 people played the parts of Fifth Columnists and supporting German troops. They set off fireworks as substitutes for exploding bombs and ignited blazing smoke pots to simulate burning buildings. An airplane dropped handbills urging Anderson residents to surrender. Meanwhile, Fifth Columnists disguised as tourists seized vital points in the city. They arrested employees at the local post office, newspaper, radio station, power plant, and railroad depot. Fifth Columnists also took into custody the town's mayor, police chief, and fire chief, forcing these local dignitaries to raise their hands above their heads while pistols were jabbed into their sides. Two columns of uniformed troops arrived shortly thereafter to cement the gains won by Trojan Horse treachery.
Keeping the Panic Alive
Authors: Macdonnell Francis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On May 10, 1940, Germany began a series of coordinated offensives which brought about the surrender of Holland, Belgium, and France. It was an astonishingly successful military campaign. In a few weeks the Wehrmacht accomplished what it had failed to achieve in four years of trench warfare during the First World War. Germany destroyed the French army and set Britain’s expeditionary force on an ignominious retreat. Newly won air bases and submarine pens left Berlin in a position to increase its attacks on Great Britain. Germany accomplished all of this with remarkably few casualties. Many observers came to see the Wehrmacht’s victories as a partial product of Trojan Horse operations. The Germans opened their campaign in Holland with several coordinated strikes. In the eastern part of the country special Abwehr units were asked to seize control of bridges along the Maas and Waal rivers. These troops included Dutch-speaking Germans and thirty Dutch Nazis; their special mission was code-named “Trojan Horse.” The Abwehr commando units largely failed to accomplish their assignments as Dutch soldiers successfully destroyed several important bridges in eastern Holland. However, the Nazis secured a bridgehead at Gennep and they immediately took advantage of this achievement, pouring infantrymen and tanks through the Dutch defensive lines. The deployment of German airborne forces in the Dutch rear proved even more disastrous.
J. Edgar Hoover versus the Nazis
Authors: Macdonnell Francis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
No government agency was more intimately involved in the fight against the Axis Fifth Column than the Federal Bureau of Investigation. After battling with several other bureaucracies, the Bureau garnered primary responsibility for protecting the home front. This new assignment was accompanied by the authority to maintain ongoing surveillance over suspicious extremist organizations even when there was no government intent to prosecute a crime. (In the past FBI surveillance was sanctioned only in instances where the government was preparing a case involving the violation of a specific federal law.)
Greek Comedy and Ideology
Authors: Konstan David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The happy endings of comedy resolve conflicts that have their sources in the real world. These conflicts, in turn, leave their mark upon the texts in the form of gaps in the plot and inconsistencies of characterization. Greek Comedy and Ideology analyses how the structure of ancient Greek comedy betrays and responds to cultural tensions in the society of the classical city-state. Individual chapters treat Aristophanic and Menandrean comedies, with a final chapter on Molière.
Lysistrata
Authors: Konstan David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Shakespeare’s Comedy of Errors, one of the twins called Antipholus, who has arrived at Ephesus from Syracuse, is mistaken for his brother by his brother’s wife, and admitted into his house. The wife’s maid, Luce or Nell, is in love with the servant, Dromio. Now, Dromio too has a twin of the same name, who happens to be in the service of the Syracusan Antipholus. Luce, then, makes the same mistake as her mistress and pursues the wrong Dromio.
Grouch
Authors: Konstan David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Menandrean drama differs from the Old Comedy produced by Aristophanes and his contemporaries in its concentration on the domestic world, and above all on the vicissitudes of youthful passion-the passion, that is, of young men who are blocked by stem fathers, rich rivals, or greedy masters from attaining the women they desire, and must rely on intrigue or luck to gain them. Thus Plutarch observed that eras played a role in all of Menander’s comedies, and the rule holds for the plays of which we have any knowledge, including Duskolos, or Grouch (an alternative title is Misanthrope), which was produced in 316 B.c. when Menander was about twenty-five years old, just over a century after Aristophanes produced Wasps. Grouch was recovered on papyrus in 1959, and is the only original play by Menander, or indeed by any Greek playwright in the New Comic tradition, that survives complete. In it, Sostratus, a young and elegant city lad who is the son of a well-to do father (39--40), has fallen in love with the daughter (unnamed) of the title character, a harsh-tempered, antisocial old fellow named Cnemo. The problem for Sostratus is to break down Cnemo’s resistance to a marriage for his daughter.
Arbitrants
Authors: Konstan David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As the preceding chapters have indicated, the dramatic tension in Menandrean comedy characteristically takes the form of a conflict between a young man’s erotic passion, which binds him to a woman irrespective of barriers of class or status, and the exclusive codes and institutions of the Greek city-state. The opposition between the transgressive movement of desire and the ideological constructions of difference generates a complex narrative situation, with a double impulse toward utopian inclusiveness and the reassertion of conventional social boundaries. The motivations of the characters in the dramas are correspondingly overdetermined, answering simultaneously to the multiple possibilities projected by the contradictions in social values. These ideological stresses leave their traces in lapses in the logic of the plot and in consistency of characterization.
Idaho State Correctional Institution
Authors: Useem Bert , Camp Camille Graham , Camp George M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This disturbance received no great attention and produced no legislative hearings or blue-ribbon commission. Yet for every “noteworthy” riot, defined loosely as something akin to an Atlanta or a Camp Hill, there are dozens more like this brief but deadly disturbance. It is hard to identify “underlying causes” for this riot, but we can identify factors that enabled a small incident to expand and disrupt the entire prison.
Located a few miles south of Boise, the Idaho State Correctional Institution {ISCI) was planned in the early 1960s and completed in 1973. It was designed as the 375-inmate medium-security component of what would become a three-prison complex. According to one senior corrections official, when the ISCI was being planned, the emphasis was on creating a “rehabilitative” environment without, in hindsight, sufficient attention being given to security concerns. Thus, the interior walls were built with cinder blocks without steel bars to reinforce them.
How Is Quantum Field Theory Possible?
Authors: Auyang Sunny Y 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Quantum field theory (QFT) is the union of quantum mechanics and Einstein’ s special theory of relativity. QFT is the most fundamental physical theory and provides the answers to questions about the basic structure of the physical world. However, the way QFT describes the world is so different from the way our senses present it to us that it requires an overhaul of philosophic categories and arguments. How can we know the microscopic world without a satisfactory measurement theory? What are the general conditions of the world that make possible such knowledge? What are the presuppositions of physical theories? Dr.Auyang argues that the current relational substantial debate on space-time is inadequate and the observer-observed distinction in quantum interpretations illusory because they are hampered by philosophical constructs too narrow to accommodate the complicated structures of modern philosophical theories. Modern physical theories have incorporated many presuppositions of empirical knowledge, and consequently the theories inform us about the general nature of the world and out relation to it, in addition to information about elementary particles. The conceptual structure of QFT is extracted and articulated in commonsense terms, and used to answer many longstanding philosophical questions.
From bureaucracy to enterprise? The Changing Jobs and Careers of Managers in Telecommunications Service
Authors: Batt Rosemary 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In response to technological change and product market deregulation, longstanding U.S. telecommunications firms are radically restructuring their business strategies and organizations to improve competitiveness. While the popular and business press as well as academic researchers have focused attention on the dramatic changes occurring in the collapse of industry boundaries, megamergers, and the rise of new strategic alliances, they have largely ignored how these structural changes are profoundly altering the employment and careers of employees. In the Bell operating companies, where bureaucracy is seen as the major obstacle to competitiveness, managerial workers have become a significant target of reform because they are equated with bureaucracy and historically comprised approximately a quarter of the workforce.
Automotive White-Collar: The Changing Status and Roles of Salaried Employees in the North American Auto Industry
Authors: Macduffie John Paul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
These headlines tell the story of unsettling change for the white-collar employees of the U.S. automotive industry. The middle managers, corporate and divisional staff, engineers, clerical employees and firstline supervisors at General Motors, Ford, and Chrysler now find themselves affected by all of the woes commonly associated with blue-collar production workers-layoffs, outsourcing of work, concessions in pay and benefits, and redundancies due to the reorganization of work for greater efficiency. Indeed, in the early 1990s, some of these white-collar employees found themselves worse off than hourly employees represented by the United Automobile Workers (UAW), with pay freezes, required co-payments for medical benefits, and less job security. Besides the erosion of status this implies, white-collar employees also face many new demands in their jobs, including more work, more decision-making responsibility, more cross-functional interaction, and more of a support role vis-a-vis blue-collar workers.
Saturnian Aesthetics
Authors: Goldberg Sander M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Horace knew what he thought of Saturnian verse, and the thought was not kind. When Greece imposed its arts on rustic Latium, an early and welcome casualty among the natives was the Saturnian, whose demise likened The greater appeal of the Greek import proved undeniable and unstoppable. In the course of the second century, a Latinized form of dactylic hexameter became the recognized epic meter at Rome, and elegiac inscriptions began replacing Saturnians on the tombs of the ever-progressive Scipios. Yet the stylistic changes that brought Latin verse from Saturnian thud to hexameter flow did not immediately or entirely eclipse the work of the earliest epic poets. Even while Horace was heaping his faint damns on Andronicus’ Odussia, Romans were still reading Naevius’ Bellum Punicum, and the horridus numerus was still heard as poetry.1 What kind of poetry was it? How did it contribute to the development of an epic aesthetic at Rome?
Envoi
Authors: Goldberg Sander M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Derek Walcott’s Omeros is well worth a Latinist’s attention. It is not just a poem of modem Caribbean life or some extraordinary classical revenant. Nor is it of interest only for its stock of classical allusions, though they are plentiful: its Achille and Hector vie for their Helen. Philoctete suffers a festering wound on his shin. Trees are felled, men struggle in the surf, voyages are undertaken, and passions flare with conspicuously Homeric coloring. Yet the poem’s classical roots are, for all those conscious echoes, not essentially Greek. It has too striking and complex a historical sense. Achille the fisherman also dreams of his African ancestors and their journey in chains across the ocean. The expatriate Major Plunkett studies the Battle of the Saints in compulsive detail while the native Hector salvages a bottle from the wreck of de Grasse’s flagship, the Ville de Paris. There is the blind sage called Seven Seas, who haunts Ma Kilman’s No Pain Cafe, and there is Omeros himself, Walcott’s companion and narrator of changing voices and changing roles, who conducts his own odyssey through modern Europe, Africa, and North America in search of history and his place in it.
Definitions
Authors: Sadri Ahmad , Vidich Arthur J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Waging a crusade against conceptual ambiguities is not an essential part of a social science based on Weberian principles. However, such a social science must not forswear formal considerations, because setting one’s conceptual house in order might be inevitable in certain circumstances. The necessitating occasion may be a cur­ rent of conceptual confusions or methodological controversies that threaten to interfere with the process of empirical investigation. For this reason Weber himself decided to write on the methodology of social and historical sciences. The subject of this book can espe­ cially benefit from formal delimitations and redefinitions because its central concepts have been subject to both scientific disputes and ideological feuds. Besides, an overhaul and reconstruction of the basic concepts of sociology of intellectuals is indispensable for one of the main purposes of this book: to further stimulate empirical research in the area of Weberian sociology of intellectuals. Of course, methodological considerations are not meant to supplant or guide empirical research. Ideal types, as we have already empha­ sized in the first chapter of this book, are simply “precision instru­ ments. “ They are modest tools; so modest indeed that they do not even require to be inspected for their truth or falsehood but rather for the degree of their usefulness. The set of interrelated ideal types offered here (Table 4.1-4.3) is meant to be of pragmatic use for the practitioners of a Weberian sociology of intellectuals.
Charging Ahead
Authors: Sherman Joe 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Charging Ahead is a classic tale of perseverance against daunting odds in the pursuit of a personal dream--and an environmental revolution. You’d have to be a fool to market a consumer electric car, let alone challenge the big three auto makers with a little start up company. But MIT graduate James Worden, with his girlfriend and a handful of audacious engineers, did both and he’s well on his way to success. In this marvelous narrative, business writer Joe Sherman vividly describes how Worden and his team built the world’s most advanced EV (electric vehicle), the Sunrise. Combining insightful biography with the best of science and business writing, Sherman captures not only Worden’s own gripping story, but also the technical challenge of designing an electric car in an age of anxiety over the environment. He depicts Worden’s fascination with EVs from childhood (he built his award winning first electric car in high school), tracing it through his monomaniacal career at MIT, where he organized a student team that built EVs for races worldwide, to the founding of Solectria, a company committed to building a consumer electric car. Sherman shows how, despite all the obstacles, Solectria eventually lined up such strategic partners as the Pentagon on its way to producing the Sunrise a lightweight, all-composite, high tech commuter car. The Sunrise would triumph over rivals from the Big Three in the 7th American Tour de Sol, and later travel from Boston to New York on a single battery charge. Charging Ahead is an engaging story of James Worden’s struggle to succeed with idealism, energy, and technological superiority against seemingly impossible odds.
Then and Now: Rebirth of a Dormant Industry
Authors: Sherman Joe 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Fast reverse: eighty-nine years ago: the first Glidden Tour: New York City to Bretton Woods and return. It was July 1905. Charles Jasper Glidden, an adventurer, was inaugurating his famous race. Glidden had been born and raised in Low ell, Massachusetts, thirty miles north of James Worden’s hometown of Arlington. Like Worden, Glidden had found his direction in life while young. Working as a telegraph operator in Lowell, Glidden befriended Alexander Graham Bell, an inventor seeking subscribers for his new fangled idea, the telephone.