bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical Circularity in 3D Printing with Biobased Δ‐Valerolactone
Authors: Yue Liang , Su Yong‐Liang , Li Mingzhe , Yu Luxia , Sun Xiaohao , Cho Jaehyun , Brettmann Blair , Gutekunst Will R. , Ramprasad Rampi , Qi H. Jerry 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDigital Light Processing (DLP) is a vat photopolymerization‐based 3D printing technology that fabricates parts typically made of chemically crosslinked polymers. The rapidly growing DLP market has an increasing demand for polymer raw materials, along with growing environmental concerns. Therefore, circular DLP printing with a closed‐loop recyclable ink is of great importance for sustainability. The low‐ceiling temperature alkyl‐substituted δ‐valerolactone (VL) is an industrially accessible biorenewable feedstock for developing recyclable polymers. In this work, acrylate‐functionalized poly(δ‐valerolactone) (PVLA), synthesized through the ring‐opening transesterification polymerization of VL, is used as a platform photoprecursor to improve the chemical circularity in DLP printing. A small portion of photocurable reactive diluent (RD) turns the unprintable PVLA into DLP printable ink. Various photocurable monomers can serve as RDs to modulate the properties of printed structures for applications like sacrificial molds, soft actuators, sensors, etc. The intrinsic depolymerizability of PVLA is well preserved, regardless of whether the printed polymer is a thermoplastic or thermoset. The recovery yield of virgin quality VL monomer is 93% through direct bulk thermolysis of the printed structures. This work proposes the utilization of depolymerizable photoprecursors and highlights the feasibility of biorenewable VL as a versatile material platform toward circular DLP printing.
Large‐Sized Hydrogel Sheet Incorporated with Dual Physical Crosslinkers for Enhanced Mechanical and Adhesive Properties
Authors: Nam Kibeom , Park Ju Hyang , Kim Eon Ji , Kim Jong Ryeol , Min Yuho , Hyun Dong Choon , Lee Dong Yun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis work reports the fabrication of a large‐sized hydrogel sheet with enhanced mechanical and adhesive properties. The fabrication involves the introduction of carboxymethyl‐modified cellulose nanofibers (m‐CNFs) and solid silica nanoparticles (SSNs) as physical cross‐linkers into acrylic acid monomer (AA), followed by bar coating and photopolymerization. The addition of the nanomaterials to the monomer solution renders it viscous, enabling the fabrication of A4‐sized hydrogel sheets with uniform thickness and enhanced mechanical and adhesive properties. Interestingly, the combined incorporation of both the nanomaterials generates a synergistic effect to improve the properties much more, which results from the hierarchical rupture of the multiple hydrogen‐bonded interactions among the poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) matrix, m‐CNFs, and SSNs. Under optimal conditions, the hydrogel sheet incorporated with the dual crosslinkers exhibits a sevenfold higher toughness and a sixfold increased peel strength than plain PAA, together with good biocompatibility. Furthermore, when mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) with active agent loading into their pores are incorporated instead of SSNs, the active agent can be released from the hydrogel sheet in a sustained or temperature‐sensitive manner, indicating that the system is potentially applicable to transdermal drug delivery system with no additional adhesive.
Polarization Vector Canting in Croconic Acid Ferroelectric Nanoscopic Regions
Authors: Mohapatra Sambit , Weber Wolfgang , Gobaut Benoit , Bowen Martin , Boukari Samy , Da Costa Victor 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCroconic acid is reported to be the organic ferroelectric with the highest above‐room‐temperature saturation polarization in its crystal form, at a value on par with that of commonly used inorganic ferroelectrics. Owing to its organic nature, high polarization value, and small coercive field, Croconic acid is considered as a potential candidate in energy‐efficient and environmentally benign composite multiferroic heterostructures. However, understanding the magnetoelectric mechanism at the ferroelectric/ferromagnetic interface in these structures requires a detailed understanding of the orientation of the polarization vector in its thin film form. To maximize the magnetoelectric effect, the polarization vector should point out of the film plane, yet the polarization in ultra‐thin Croconic acid films is predicted to lie in the film plane. Nevertheless, polycrystalline films show some promise in this direction. In this article, by combining in situ piezoreponse force microscopy imaging with nanoscopic polarization reversal spectroscopy, the authors qualitatively analyze the polarization switching and its orientation in polycrystalline Croconic acid films and show that it is canted with respect to the film plane, with a component along the out‐of‐plane direction.
Smart Responsive Organic Emitters: Intrinsic Mechanisms and Versatile Applications
Authors: Yan Yu , Liu Chengfang , Fan Jianzhong , Li Yusheng , Li Junfeng , Li Xiangchun , Lai Wen‐Yong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSmart responsive organic emitters, which exhibit tunable emission properties in response to external stimuli, can serve as a new generation of intelligent optoelectronic materials because of their versatile applications, such as multicolor displays, information encryption, visual sensing, and matter detection. In recent years, significant advancements have been made in the development of smart responsive organic emitters. However, there is still a lack of a systematic review that provides a comprehensive insight into smart responsive organic emitters from the perspectives of intrinsic mechanisms and versatile applications. Hence, this review concentrates on analyzing the intrinsic mechanisms, which can clarify the relationships between material systems and tunable emission behaviors. This process can provide helpful design principles for smart responsive organic emitters. Furthermore, versatile smart applications have been highlighted to deepen the understanding of the practical values of such smart responsive emitters. This work summarizes the state‐of‐the‐art progress of smart responsive emitters and highlights the existing challenges and future development directions. It aims to provide inspiration and guidelines for the construction of novel smart responsive organic emitters, thereby broadening and stimulating their prominent applications in various fields such as electronic information and flexible electronics.
Mechanochemical Synthesis of Arylsilanes via Barbier‐Type Reaction between Aryl Halides and Chlorosilanes with Magnesium
Authors: Zong Lianze , Sun Ruizhi , Hu Xixi , Zhang Jiarui , Luan Yanbin , Xu Zhengbao. , Xie Caixia , Li Xinjin , Sun Feng‐Gang , Liu Hui , Liu Zhong‐Quan , Zhao Zengdian , Zhang Lizhi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe reaction of chlorosilanes with organometallic reagents is an old and well‐developed approach to organosilicon compounds, however, its application was limited due to the sensitivity of organometallic reagents to air, water. Here we display a mechanochemical access to arylsilanes via Barbier‐type reaction of chlorosilanes with aryl halide with magnesium. By treatment of the two halides with Mg powder under electromagnetic milling, a series of arylsilanes are obtained within 15 minutes. Taking the advantages of the electromagnetic milling, this protocol features transition‐metal free, good functional group tolerance, air stable and mild conditions.
Organocatalytic Atroposelective Dynamic Kinetic Resolution Involving Ring Manipulations
Authors: Shi Qin , Fang Fang , Cheng Dao‐Juan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAxially chiral architectures exist widely in natural products, biologically relevant molecules, chiral ligands and catalysts as well as functional materials. Therefore, catalytic asymmetric synthesis of atropisomers has become one of the most fast‐growing fields in the community of chemistry and rapid advances have occurred. Among different methods reported, the organocatalytic atroposelective dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) involving ring manipulations stands out as a cutting‐edge technology to construct axial chirality from the point of atom/step economy. In this DKR strategy, the configurational lability of starting materials originates from chirally‐labile ring structure of cyclic substrates/intermediates or transient ring formation through noncovalent interactions from acyclic substrates. The two atropisomers of starting material are in equilibrium in the reaction medium, ensuring the constant transformation of the less reactive atropisomer into the more reactive one, and then to a single enantiopure product in the presence of an appropriate organocatalyst. This review summarizes recent advancements on this topic, including their scopes, limitations, mechanisms, applications and provides some insights into further developments.
Clustering of the chemical properties of small‐scale farm soils to develop fertilizer blend ratios
Authors: Mugo James N. , Karanja Nancy N. , Gachene Charles K. , Dittert Klaus , Schulte‐Geldermann Elmar 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCrop management through site‐specific fertility methods is crucial for both economic and environmental benefits. Potato‐specific fertilizer has not been fully established in Kenya, and the current fertilizer recommendation has been in place for a long time. A study was designed through soil sampling from small‐scale farms to make a soil‐based fertilizer recommendation for potato production. Inverse distance weighting interpolation was used to study spatial distribution of pH and major nutrients. Cluster analysis was used to group sampled farms into similar fertility clusters for easier fertilizer recommendations. Spatial distribution maps were identified for the project area. Three and four clusters were established in Meru and Nyandarua counties, respectively, among which three had adequate nutrients for potato production. At least 150 kg N ha−1 is recommended in most of the farms and 160 kg P ha−1 in Nyandarua, while 285 kg K ha−1 was recommended in one of the clusters (nitrogen, phosporus, potassium [NPK] 1:1:1.5). Cluster analysis can be used to enhance fertilizer recommendations. The assumption that K is adequate in tropical soil should not be generalized. Fertilizers in the market with formulations close to the recommended ones should be evaluated for field performances and adjustment of the final potato fertilizer.
Near‐infrared aggregation‐induced emission materials: Bibliometric analysis and their application in biomedical field
Authors: He Qian , Wang Meiyiming , Zhao Li , Xu Bin , Tian Wenjing , Zhang Liyun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAggregation‐induced emission (AIE) is an intriguing photophysical phenomenon, where specific materials exhibit a remarkable surge in luminescence when brought together in non‐ideal solvents or within a solid matrix. Since the concept of AIE was first introduced in 2001, numerous advanced applications have been gradually explored across various domains, including optics, electronics, energy, and the life sciences. Of particular note is the growing interest in the application of AIE systems with near‐infrared (NIR) emissive feature in the field of biomedicine, encompassing detection, imaging, and therapeutic interventions. Notably, bibliometric analysis serves as a valuable tool to provide researchers with a comprehensive understanding of research achievements and developmental trends in specific fields, which is crucial for academic research. Herein, we present a general bibliometric overview spanning two decades of NIR‐AIE development. With the assistance of core scientific databases and various bibliometric software tools, we conducted a systematic analysis of annual publications and citations, the most influential countries/regions, leading authors, journals, and institutions, as well as the hot topics related to NIR applications and forward‐looking predictions. Furthermore, the application of AIE with NIR properties in the biomedical field is also systematically reviewed.
Impact of dementia and socioeconomic disadvantage on days at home after traumatic brain injury among older Medicare beneficiaries: A cohort study
Authors: Albrecht Jennifer S. , Scherf Ana , Ryan Kathleen A. , Falvey Jason R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONTime spent at home may aid in understanding recovery following traumatic brain injury (TBI) among older adults, including those with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). We examined the impact of ADRD on recovery following TBI and determined whether socioeconomic disadvantages moderated the impact of ADRD.METHODSWe analyzed Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥65 years diagnosed with TBI in 2010–2018. Home time was calculated by subtracting days spent in a care environment or deceased from total follow‐up, and dual eligibility for Medicaid was a proxy for socioeconomic disadvantage.RESULTSA total of 2463 of 20,350 participants (12.1%) had both a diagnosis of ADRD and were Medicaid dual‐eligible. Beneficiaries with ADRD and Medicaid spent markedly fewer days at home following TBI compared to beneficiaries without either condition (rate ratio 0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.64, 0.69).DISCUSSIONTBI resulted in a significant loss of home time over the year following injury among older adults with ADRD, particularly for those who were economically vulnerable.Highlights
Remaining at home after serious injuries such as fall‐related traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important goal for older adults.
No prior research has evaluated how ADRD impacts time spent at home after TBI.
Older TBI survivors with ADRD may be especially vulnerable to loss of home time if socioeconomically disadvantaged.
We assessed the impact of ADRD and poverty on a novel DAH measure after TBI.
ADRD‐related disparities in DAH were significantly magnified among those living with socioeconomic disadvantage, suggesting a need for more tailored care approaches.
Mapping morbidity 10 years prior to a diagnosis of young onset Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Damsgaard Line , Janbek Janet , Laursen Thomas M. , Høgh Peter , Vestergaard Karsten , Gottrup Hanne , Jensen‐Dahm Christina , Waldemar Gunhild 
Published: January 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONEarly symptoms in young onset Alzheimer's disease (YOAD) may be misinterpreted, causing delayed diagnosis. This population‐based study aimed to map morbidity prior to YOAD diagnosis.METHODSIn a register‐based incidence density matched nested case‐control study, we examined hospital‐diagnosed morbidity for people diagnosed with YOAD in Danish memory clinics during 2016‐2020 compared to controls in a 10‐year period. Conditional logistic regression produced incidence rate ratios (IRRs).RESULTSThe study included 1745 cases and 5235 controls. YOAD patients had a higher morbidity burden in the year immediately before dementia diagnosis, for certain disorders up to 10 years before. This was especially evident for psychiatric morbidity with the highest increased IRRs throughout the entire period and IRR 1.43 (95% confidence interval 1.14–1.79) in the 5–10‐years before dementia diagnosis.DISCUSSIONYOAD patients display a different pattern of morbidity up to 10 years prior to diagnosis. Awareness of specific alterations in morbidity may improve efforts toward a timely diagnosis.Highlights
Retrospective, nested case‐control study of young onset Alzheimer's disease (YOAD).
YOAD cases had a higher morbidity burden than controls.
YOAD cases had a higher psychiatric morbidity burden up to 10 years before diagnosis.
Altered morbidity patterns could serve as an early warning sign of YOAD.
Mehrfache Postmodifizierung von Makrozyklen und Käfigen durch Isocyanat‐induzierte Azadefluorierungszyklisierung
Authors: Pausch Tobias , David Tim , Fleck‐Kunde Tom , Pols Hendrik , Gurke Johannes , Schmidt Bernd M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWir präsentieren eine Methode zur mehrfachen postsynthetischen Modifizierung von organischen Makrozyklen und Käfigen. Hierbei werden funktionelle Gruppen in zweidimensionale und dreidimensionale supramolekulare Strukturen, welche Fluorsubstituenten tragen, eingeführt. Dies eröffnet neue Perspektiven in der mehrstufigen supramolekularen Chemie, da leicht verfügbare Isocyanate genutzt werden. Der Mechanismus der Reaktion wurden mittels DFT‐Berechnungen untersucht, dabei findet nach der Isocyanat‐Addition an das Benzylamin‐Motiv eine Azadefluorierungszyklisierung (ADFC) als finaler Schritt statt. Es wurde eine Reihe von aromatischen Isocyanaten mit unterschiedlichen elektronischen Eigenschaften getestet. Die resultierenden Verbindungen zeichnen sich durch hervorragende chemische Stabilität aus, wurden umfassend charakterisiert und eignen sich auch für nachfolgende Kreuzkupplungsreaktionen. Die vorgestellte Reaktion kann auch bei Verwendung von ditopischen Isocyanaten ebenso direkt zur Erzeugung vernetzter Membranen aus Makrozyklen oder Käfigen eingesetzt werden. Einkristall‐Röntgenstrukturanalyse (SC‐XRD) bestätigt die Bildung der substituierten Hetereozyklen. Dies wird durch die mittels Berechnungen vorhergesagte Konnektivität und den beobachteten 19F NMR ‐Verschiebungen weiter unterstützt. Diese Ergebnisse ermöglichen die nachträgliche Funktionalisierung von selbstorganisierten Makrozyklen und Käfigen durch ADFC.
Bacterial cellulose: A comprehensive review
Authors: Girard Vincent‐Daniel , Chaussé Jérémie , Vermette Patrick 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis review article provides a comprehensive overview of bacterial cellulose (BC), focusing on its physicochemical properties, production methods, purification techniques, and applications. It aims at providing a nuanced understanding of the current state of knowledge in those fields and bridging the gap between academic research and industrial applications. The physicochemical properties of BC, including its chemical structure, morphology, thermal properties, mechanical properties (such as tensile and compression properties), specific surface area, cytotoxicity, and biocompatibility, are discussed. Production methods of BC, including microorganism comparison, culture conditions, and vessel types, are thoroughly explored. Purification methods and sterilization techniques for BC are also addressed. Furthermore, the review highlights industries and applications that have shown interest in BC along with commercially available products, including medical, cosmetic, textile, food ingredients, and scaffolds in cell culture. A conclusion summarizes key findings and potential future directions in BC research and development.
Exploring the use of a digital anatomy learning platform in a second‐year medical student cohort
Authors: Foiret Jaudon Ron , Volschenk Mariette 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDigital anatomy learning platforms hold potential academic benefits, yet there is currently no universally accepted pedagogical framework guiding their utilization. This study applied the lens of Laurillard's conversational framework to explore second‐year medical students' experiences with a digital anatomy learning platform at a South African university. An explanatory sequential mixed methods design was employed. Phase 1 used whole population (N = 280) sampling to survey students' usage of, and access to, the digital anatomy learning platform. The survey response rate was 29%, with 47% of respondents reporting usage of the platform. Internet and device limitations were minimal, with 74% and 87% respectively reporting no hindrance. While 39% found Primal Pictures easy to use and helpful to their learning, a disconnect emerged between perceived value and actual usage, with only 5% of participants exhibiting high usage. Phase 2 used purposive sampling (n = 13) based on students' usage of digital anatomy learning platforms. Two focus groups and two individual interviews explored students' use of the learning platform. Qualitative data were both deductively and inductively analyzed. Two themes were identified: types of learning and influencers of learning. Findings from the deductive analysis indicated that students engaged mainly in acquisition‐based learning. Inductive analysis showed students encountered various factors that influenced their learning behavior. Affective domain development emerged as a key factor in students' engagement with their anatomy studies and the digital learning platform, suggesting a potential gap in the conversational framework. Digital anatomy learning platforms may strengthen approaches to learning anatomy if implemented systematically, together with pre‐training.
High‐Coulombic‐Efficiency Hard Carbon Anode Material for Practical Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Tan Lulu , Chen Jiale , Wang Linlin , Li Nan , Yang Yusi , Chen Yifan , Guo Lin , Ji Xiao , Zhu Yujie 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBiomass‐derived hard carbon (HC) has emerged as a promising candidate for anode materials of potassium‐ion batteries because of low cost and abundant raw materials. Whereas, the large specific surface area and high porosity of this type of HC often lead to inferior initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and unsatisfactory cycling stability. Herein, we report a coconut shell‐derived HC (CS‐HC) featuring an expanded interlayer spacing and small specific surface area. The CS‐HC delivers a reversible specific capacity of 280 mAh g−1 and an impressive ICE of 87.32 % at 50 mA g−1. In addition, it exhibits stable cycling performance (92.8 % capacity retention after 100 cycles at 50 mA g−1) and fast rate capability (∼280 mAh g−1 at 300 mA g−1). The ex situ Raman spectra characterization combined with cyclic voltammetry tests elucidate that the storage of potassium ions in the present HC is mainly achieved by (pseudo)capacitive behavior at the disordered defect sites along with minor contribution from the interlayer intercalation process. Finally, a full‐cell constructed with unprecycled CS‐HC anode and high‐voltage K2Mn[Fe(CN)]6 cathode demonstrates exceptional electrochemical stability and retains 90.6 % capacity after 100 cycles. This work reports a high‐performance HC anode material derived from low‐cost and sustainable biomass for practical potassium‐ion batteries.
Mycotoxin detection in selected medicinal plants using chromatographic techniques
Authors: Haq Ihsan ul , Taj Raheela , Nafees Muhammad , Hussain Arshad 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMycotoxins are toxic mycological products that when consumed, absorbed or inhaled cause sickness or even the death of humans. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the contamination levels of mycotoxins (aflatoxins, AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2, and ochratoxin A, OTA) in selected medicinal herbs and shrubs using thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A total of 15 samples of medicinal herbs and shrubs were selected. Among them, four samples were aflatoxin contaminated while two samples were ochratoxin A contaminated. The highest level of aflatoxin was detected in Justicia adhathoda (4,704.94 ppb) through HPLC (153.4 ppb) and through TLC, while the lowest level of aflatoxin was detected in Pegnum harmala (205.1 ppb) through HPLC. Similarly, the highest level of OTA was detected in Dodonia viscosa (0.53 ppb) through HPLC (0.5 ppb) and through TLC, while the lowest level was detected in J. adhathoda (O.11 ppb) through HPLC (0.4 ppb) and through TLC. The OTA concentration was very low, being negligible and below permissible limits. The present study concludes that there is a potential risk for the consumption of herbal decoctions. Therefore, regular monitoring and proper management of mycotoxins, including aflatoxins and OTA, in herbal medicines are needed to ensure the safety of herbal drugs to protect consumers.