bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyperglycemia potentiates increased
Staphylococcus aureus
virulence and resistance to growth inhibition by
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Genito Christopher J. , Darwitz Benjamin P. , Greenwald Matthew A. , Wolfgang Matthew C. , Thurlow Lance R. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Diabetes is associated with several health consequences, including increased susceptibility to more frequent and severe infections. Bacterial infections associated with diabetes are typically polymicrobial, with
Staphylococcus aureus
and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
frequently isolated from the same infection site.
S. aureus
and
P. aeruginosa
are frequently found in diabetic skin and soft tissue infections, in the lungs of people with cystic fibrosis, and in indwelling device infections. Numerous studies have investigated interactions between these two pathogens primarily using
in vitro
systems. These models have several limitations as they do not accurately reflect the complexities of an immune response nor the nutrient dynamics in a diabetic infection microenvironment. Here, we describe a novel murine indwelling device co-infection model that allows us to study the interactions between
S. aureus
and
P. aeruginosa
within the context of an immune response during both normal and diabetic infections. Our data shows that
P. aeruginosa
significantly inhibits
S. aureus
growth during co-infection in a normal mouse and that inhibition is not dependent on the
P. aeruginosa
PQS quorum sensing system. Conversely, in a diabetic co-infection,
S. aureus
overcomes inhibition by
P. aeruginosa
and this phenotype is reliant on
S. aureus
glycolysis. We also demonstrate that both organisms display increased virulence potential in a diabetic co-infection as we observe increased dissemination to peripheral tissues. This study revealed novel
in vivo
interactions between
S. aureus
and
P. aeruginosa
and advances our understanding of the complex interactions between microorganisms in polymicrobial infections in clinically relevant infection microenvironments.

IMPORTANCE

Individuals with diabetes are prone to more frequent and severe infections, with many of these infections being polymicrobial. Polymicrobial infections are frequently observed in skin infections and in individuals with cystic fibrosis, as well as in indwelling device infections. Two bacteria frequently co-isolated from infections are
Staphylococcus aureus
and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
. Several studies have examined the interactions between these microorganisms. The majority of these studies use
in vitro
model systems that cannot accurately replicate the microenvironment of diabetic infections. We employed a novel murine indwelling device model to examine interactions between
S. aureus
and
P. aeruginosa
. Our data show that competition between these bacteria results in reduced growth in a normal infection. In a diabetic infection, we observe increased growth of both microbes and more severe infection as both bacteria invade surrounding tissues. Our results demonstrate that diabetes changes the interaction between bacteria resulting in poor infection outcomes.
Warming, acidification, and calcification feedback during the first hyperthermal of the Cenozoic—The Latest Danian Event
Authors: Harbich Margareta , Barnet James S.K. , Rae James W.B. , Kroon Dick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Latest Danian Event (LDE; ca. 62.15 Ma) is a major double-spiked eccentricity-driven transient warming event and carbon cycle perturbation (hyperthermal) in the early Paleocene, which has received significantly less attention compared to the larger events of the late Paleocene–early Eocene. A better understanding of the nature of the LDE may broaden our understanding of hyperthermals more generally and improve our knowledge of Earth system responses to extreme climate states. We present planktic and benthic foraminiferal Mg/Ca and B/Ca records that shed new light on changes in South Atlantic temperature and carbonate chemistry during the LDE. Our planktic Mg/Ca record reveals a pulsed increase in sea-surface temperature of at least ~1.5 °C during the older carbon isotope excursion, and ~0.5 °C during the younger isotope excursion. We observe drops in planktic and benthic B/Ca, synchronous with pronounced negative excursions in benthic δ13C, which suggest a shift in the carbonate system toward more acidic, dissolved inorganic carbon–rich conditions, in both the surface and deep ocean. Conditions remained more acidic following the LDE, which we suggest may be linked to an enhanced ocean alkalinity sink due to changes in the makeup of planktic calcifiers, hinting at a novel feedback between calcifier ecology and ocean-atmosphere CO2.
Effectiveness of a group-based Diabetes Prevention Education Program (DiPEP) in a population with pre-diabetes: a cluster randomised controlled trial in Nepal
Authors: Shakya Pushpanjali , Shrestha Archana , Bajracharya Monish , Shrestha Abha , Kulseng Bård Erik , Karmacharya Biraj Man , Shrestha Smriti , Das Seema , Shrestha Ishwori Byanju , Barun Krishnaa , Shrestha Nistha , Skovlund Eva , Sen Abhijit 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundAlthough several lifestyle intervention studies have been conducted in low/middle-income countries, there were no such studies in Nepal. Therefore, a group-based culturally tailored Diabetes Prevention Education Program (DiPEP) was conducted recently. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of DiPEP in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), weight, waist circumference, physical activity and diet among population with pre-diabetes.MethodA two-arm cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted in 12 clusters of two urban areas in Nepal. The DiPEP was a 6 month intervention (four 1-hour weekly educational sessions and 5 months of follow-up by community health workers/volunteers (CHW/Vs)). A postintervention assessment was done after 6 months. Linear mixed model was used to estimate the mean difference in primary outcome (HbA1c) and secondary outcomes (weight, waist circumference, physical activity and diet) between intervention and control arms, adjusted for baseline measure.ResultsIn intention-to-treat analysis with a total of 291 participants, the estimated mean difference in HbA1c was found to be 0.015 percentage point (95% CI −0.074 to 0.104) between the intervention arm and the control arm, while it was −0.077 (95% CI −0.152 to −0.002) among those who attended at least 3 out of 4 educational sessions. The estimated mean difference in weight (in participants who attended ≥1 educational session) was −1.6 kg (95% CI −3.1 to −0.1). A significantly lower grain consumption was found in intervention arm (−39 g/day, 95% CI −65 to −14) compared with the control arm at postintervention assessment.ConclusionAlthough compliance was affected by COVID-19, individuals who participated in ≥3 educational sessions had significant reduction in HbA1c and those who attended ≥1 educational session had significant weight reduction. Grain intake was significantly reduced among the intervention arm than the control arm. Hence, group-based lifestyle intervention programmes involving CHW/vs is recommended for diabetes prevention.Trial registration numberNCT04074148.
Social security cuts and life expectancy: a longitudinal analysis of local authorities in England, Scotland and Wales
Authors: Seaman Rosie , Walsh David , Beatty Christina , McCartney Gerry , Dundas Ruth 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundThe UK Government’s ‘welfare reform’ programme included reductions to social security payments, phased in over the financial years 2011/2012–2015/2016. Previous studies of social security cuts and health outcomes have been restricted to analysing single UK countries or single payment types (eg, housing benefit). We examined the association between all social security cuts fully implemented by 2016 and life expectancy, for local authorities in England, Scotland and Wales.MethodsOur unit of analysis was 201 upper tier local authorities (unitary authorities and county councils: 147 in England, 32 in Scotland, 22 in Wales). Our exposure was estimated social security loss per head of the working age population per year for each local authority, calculated against the baseline in 2010/2011. The primary outcome was annual life expectancy at birth between the calendar years 2012 and 2016 (year lagged following exposure). We used a panel regression approach with fixed effects.ResultsSocial security cuts implemented by 2016 were estimated to be £475 per head of the working age population in England, £390 in Scotland and £490 in Wales since 2010/2011. During the study period, there was either no improvement or only marginal increases in national life expectancy. Social security loss and life expectancy were significantly associated: an estimated £100 decrease in social security per head of working age population was associated with a 1-month reduction in life expectancy.ConclusionsSocial security cuts, at the UK local authority level, were associated with lower life expectancy. Further research should examine causality.
O2 pulse slope correlates with stroke volume during exercise in patients with a Fontan circulation
Authors: Laohachai Karina , Cordina Rachael , D'Udekem Yves , Rice Kathryn , Weintraub Robert , Ayer Julian 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundPeak oxygen pulse (O2pulse=oxygen consumption/heart rate) is calculated by the product of stroke volume (SV) and oxygen extraction. It has been shown to be reduced in patients with a Fontan circulation. However, in the Fontan population, it may be a poor marker of SV. We propose that the slope of the O2pulse curve may be more reflective of SV during exercise.MethodsWe analysed cardiopulmonary exercise test data in 22 subjects with a Fontan circulation (cohort A) and examined the association between peak SV during exercise (aortic flow measured on exercise cardiac MRI), and O2pulse parameters (absolute O2pulse and O2pulse slopes up to anaerobic threshold (AT) and peak exercise). In a separate Fontan cohort (cohort B, n=131), associations between clinical characteristics and O2pulse kinetics were examined.ResultsIn cohort A, peak aortic flow was moderately and significantly associated with O2pulseslopePEAK(r=0.47, p=0.02). However, neither absolute O2pulseATnor O2pulsePEAKwas significantly associated with peak aortic flow. In cohort B, O2pulseslopePEAKand O2pulseslopeATwere not significantly associated with clinical parameters, apart from a weak association with forced vital capacity.ConclusionThe slope of the O2pulse curve to peak exercise may be more reflective of peak SV in the Fontan population than a single peak O2pulse value.
Left ventricular hypertrophy: an ECG-based study of prevalence and risk factors in a multiethnic population
Authors: Taki Hina , Tuomilehto Jaakko , Zimmet Paul , Tamosiunas Abdonas , Kowlessur Sudhir , Magliano Dianna J , Shaw Jonathan E , Söderberg Stefan , Nilsson Ulf 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundLeft ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is frequently seen in association with arterial hypertension and indicates poor prognosis. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of LVH and associated factors in a multiethnic population from Mauritius.MethodsPopulation-based health surveys were performed in 2009 and 2015 and included in total 8961 individuals aged 35–75 years with recorded 12-lead ECG. LVH was defined according to three criteria: Sokolow-Lyon, Cornell voltage and Cornell product. Data were collected about health and lifestyle behaviour. Anthropometry and blood pressure were measured. Fasting levels of blood lipids and glucose were determined, oral glucose tolerance test was performed in people without glucose-lowering medications.ResultsThe age-standardised prevalence of LVH was 9% (n=875) according to any of the three ECG criteria. Individuals with LVH were older, more likely to have hypertension, diabetes, known cardiovascular disease (CVD) and elevated levels of cholesterol and creatinine. Further, they were more likely to be of African descent (Creole) and have lower educational level. In a multivariable model, Creole (OR (95% CI)) (1.56 (1.33 to 1.83)), low educational level (1.49 (1.28 to 1.75)), hypertension (3.01 (2.55 to 3.56)), known CVD (1.42 (1.11 to 1.83)) and elevated creatinine (1.08 (1.03 to 1.14)) remained associated with LVH. Individuals with non-treated or uncontrolled hypertension had a higher risk for LVH (3.09 (95% CI 2.57 to 3.71) and 4.07 (95% CI 3.29 to 5.05), respectively), than individuals with well controlled hypertension or normotension.ConclusionLVH occurs more frequently in individuals with hypertension, as well as in individuals with African ancestry and/or low education level.
Probing the gravitational wave background from cosmic strings with the alternative LISA-TAIJI network
Authors: Wang Bo-Rui , Li Jin , Wang He 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAs one of the detection targets of all gravitational wave detectors today, the stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) provides an important means of understanding the evolution of our universe. In this paper, we explore the feasibility of detecting the SGWB generated by the loops arising throughout the cosmological evolution of the cosmic string network, using both individual space detectors (LISA and TAIJI) and joint space detectors (LISA-TAIJI). For the joint detectors, we choose three different configurations of TAIJI, namely TAIJIm, TAIJIp, and TAIJIc, to form the LISA-TAIJI networks, and we investigate their ability to detect the SGWB. By comparing the power-law sensitivity (PLS) curves of individual space detectors and joint detectors with the energy density spectrum of SGWB, we find that LISA-TAIJIc has the best sensitivity for detecting the SGWB from cosmic string loops. It thus holds promise for further constraining the tension of cosmic strings $$G\mu =O(10^{-17})$$

G
μ
=
O
(

10

-
17

)

.
GAN-AE: an anomaly detection algorithm for New Physics search in LHC data
Authors: Vaslin Louis , Barra Vincent , Donini Julien 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn recent years, interest has grown in alternative strategies for the search for New Physics beyond the Standard Model. One envisaged solution lies in the development of anomaly detection algorithms based on unsupervised machine learning techniques. In this paper, we propose a new Generative Adversarial Network-based auto-encoder model that allows both anomaly detection and model-independent background modeling. This algorithm can be integrated with other model-independent tools in a complete heavy resonance search strategy. The proposed strategy has been tested on the LHC Olympics 2020 dataset with promising results.
Energy–momentum tensor in the scalar diquark model
Authors: Amor-Quiroz Arturo , Focillon William , Lorcé Cédric , Rodini Simone 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe study in detail the energy–momentum tensor of the scalar diquark model at the one-loop level using two different regularization methods. We extract the perturbative expressions for the gravitational form factors and we check explicitly that all the Poincaré sum rules are satisfied. We confirm in particular that, like in quantum electrodynamics, the symmetric energy–momentum tensor is finite. Finally, we discuss the results for the trace of the energy–momentum tensor and its relation to the mass of the system.
Implicit Surface Tension for SPH Fluid Simulation
Authors: Jeske Stefan Rhys , Westhofen Lukas , Löschner Fabian , Fernández-fernández José Antonio , Bender Jan 
Published: November 2023

The numerical simulation of surface tension is an active area of research in many different fields of application and has been attempted using a wide range of methods. Our contribution is the derivation and implementation of an implicit cohesion force based approach for the simulation of surface tension effects using the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method. We define a continuous formulation inspired by the properties of surface tension at the molecular scale which is spatially discretized using SPH. An adapted variant of the linearized backward Euler method is used for time discretization, which we also strongly couple with an implicit viscosity model. Finally, we extend our formulation with adhesion forces for interfaces with rigid objects.
Existing SPH approaches for surface tension in computer graphics are mostly based on explicit time integration, thereby lacking in stability for challenging settings. We compare our implicit surface tension method to these approaches and further evaluate our model on a wider variety of complex scenarios, showcasing its efficacy and versatility. Among others, these include but are not limited to simulations of a water crown, a dripping faucet, and a droplet toy.
TEAD Inhibition Overcomes YAP1/TAZ-Driven Primary and Acquired Resistance to KRASG12C Inhibitors
Authors: Edwards A. Cole , Stalnecker Clint A. , Jean Morales Alexis , Taylor Khalilah E. , Klomp Jennifer E. , Klomp Jeffrey A. , Waters Andrew M. , Sudhakar Niranjan , Hallin Jill , Tang Tracy T. , Olson Peter , Post Leonard , Christensen James G. , Cox Adrienne D. , Der Channing J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Primary/intrinsic and treatment-induced acquired resistance limit the initial response rate to and long-term efficacy of direct inhibitors of the KRASG12C mutant in cancer. To identify potential mechanisms of resistance, we applied a CRISPR/Cas9 loss-of-function screen and observed loss of multiple components of the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway, which acts to suppress YAP1/TAZ-regulated gene transcription. YAP1/TAZ activation impaired the antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of KRASG12C inhibitor (G12Ci) treatment in KRASG12C-mutant cancer cell lines. Conversely, genetic suppression of YAP1/WWTR1 (TAZ) enhanced G12Ci sensitivity. YAP1/TAZ activity overcame KRAS dependency through two distinct TEAD transcription factor–dependent mechanisms, which phenocopy KRAS effector signaling. First, TEAD stimulated ERK-independent transcription of genes normally regulated by ERK (BIRC5, CDC20, ECT2, FOSL1, and MYC) to promote progression through the cell cycle. Second, TEAD caused activation of PI3K–AKT–mTOR signaling to overcome apoptosis. G12Ci treatment-induced acquired resistance was also caused by YAP1/TAZ-TEAD activation. Accordingly, concurrent treatment with pharmacologic inhibitors of TEAD synergistically enhanced KRASG12C inhibitor antitumor activity in vitro and prolonged tumor suppression in vivo. In summary, these observations reveal YAP1/TAZ-TEAD signaling as a crucial driver of primary and acquired resistance to KRAS inhibition and support the use of TEAD inhibitors to enhance the antitumor efficacy of KRAS-targeted therapies.

Significance:
YAP1/TAZ-TEAD activation compensates for loss of KRAS effector signaling, establishing a mechanistic basis for concurrent inhibition of TEAD to enhance the efficacy of KRASG12C-selective inhibitor treatment of KRASG12C-mutant cancers.
See related commentary by Johnson and Haigis, p. 4005
ChatGPT is a Remarkable Tool—For Experts
Authors: Azaria Amos , Azoulay Rina , Reches Shulamit 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
This paper investigates the capabilities of ChatGPT as an automated assistant in diverse domains, including scientific writing, mathematics, education, programming, and healthcare. We explore the potential of ChatGPT to enhance productivity, streamline problem-solving processes, and improve writing style. Furthermore, we highlight the potential risks associated with excessive reliance on ChatGPT in these fields. These limitations encompass factors like incorrect and fictitious responses, inaccuracies in code, limited logical reasoning abilities, overconfidence, and critical ethical concerns of copyright and privacy violation. We outline areas and objectives where ChatGPT proves beneficial, applications where it should be used judiciously, and scenarios where its reliability may be limited. In light of observed limitations, and given that the tool's fundamental errors may pose a special challenge for non-experts, ChatGPT should be used with a strategic methodology. By drawing from comprehensive experimental studies, we offer methods and flowcharts for effectively using ChatGPT. Our recommendations emphasize iterative interaction with ChatGPT and independent verification of its outputs. Considering the importance of utilizing ChatGPT judiciously and with expertise, we recommend its usage for experts who are well-versed in the respective domains.
Beyond Descartes: Noël Regnault and Eighteenth-Century French Cartesianism
Authors: Storni Marco 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper proposes new ways of characterizing eighteenth-century French Cartesianism. Besides two widely-accepted elements—the belief in “strict mechanism” and the idea that to demonstrate in physics does not involve mathematics, but reference to mechanical models—I add two more, hitherto neglected, features. First, a strong emphasis on experimentalism, namely the view that experiments are crucial to natural-philosophical practice. Second, an epistemological thesis that I call “conjecturalism,” which consists in doubting that natural philosophy would attain an ultimate truth on the nature of things. To explore these facets of Cartesianism, I focus on the works of the Jesuit Noël Regnault.
Novel utilization of a paper-level classification system for the evaluation of journal impact: An update of the CAS Journal Ranking
Authors: Tong Sichao , Chen Fuyou , Yang Liying , Shen Zhesi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Since its first release in 2004, the CAS Journal Ranking, a ranking system of journals based on a citation impact indicator, has been widely used both in selecting journals when submitting manuscripts and in conducting research evaluation in China. This paper introduces an upgraded version of the CAS Journal Ranking released in 2020 and the corresponding improvements. We will discuss the following improvements: a) the CWTS paper-level classification system, a fine-grained classification system utilized for field normalization; b) the Field Normalized Citation Success Index (FNCSI), an indicator that is robust against not only extremely highly cited publications but also wrongly assigned document types; and c) document type difference. In addition, this paper will present part of the ranking results and an interpretation of the features of the FNCSI indicator.
The oligopoly’s shift to open access: How the big five academic publishers profit from article processing charges
Authors: Butler Leigh-Ann , Matthias Lisa , Simard Marc-André , Mongeon Philippe , Haustein Stefanie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We aim to estimate the total amount of article processing charges (APCs) paid to publish open access (OA) in journals controlled by the five large commercial publishers (Elsevier, Sage, Springer Nature, Taylor & Francis, and Wiley) between 2015 and 2018. Using publication data from WoS, OA status from Unpaywall, and annual APC prices from open data sets and historical fees retrieved via the Internet Archive Wayback Machine, we estimate that globally authors paid $1.06 billion in publication fees to these publishers from 2015–2018. Revenue from gold OA amounted to $612.5 million, and $448.3 million was obtained for publishing OA in hybrid journals. Among the five publishers, Springer Nature made the most revenue from OA ($589.7 million), followed by Elsevier ($221.4 million), Wiley ($114.3 million), Taylor & Francis ($76.8 million), and Sage ($31.6 million). With Elsevier and Wiley making most of their APC revenue from hybrid fees and others focusing on gold, different OA strategies could be observed between publishers.