bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and characterization of conducting polymer coating on ABS substrate
Authors: Patil R. C. , Aoyanagi T. , Nakayama M. , Ogura K. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractConducting polymer coatings on ABS were prepared by dipping them into m‐cresol solutions containing polyaniline (PANI), poly(o‐toluidine) (POT), and poly(o‐anisidine) (PoAN) protonated with dioctyl hydrogen phosphate (DiOHP) in the presence and absence of polystyrene (PS). The surface resistivity of ABS plates coated with DiOHP‐doped PANI in the presence and absence of PS were 5.3 × 107 and 3.0 × 105 Ω, respectively. The ABS plates coated with DiOHP‐doped PoAN and ‐doped POT showed higher resistivities (4.2 × 109 and 2.4 × 107 Ω, respectively) than that with DiOHP‐doped PANI. Although the conductivity of the coated ABS with DiOHP‐doped PANI was less in the presence of PS, the permanency and uniformity of the coating, which are very important for practical use, were much improved. Coatings and the coated ABS were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, TG/MS, SEM, and reduced viscosity measurements. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 2661–2669, 2001
Rheological properties of syndiotacticity‐rich ultrahigh molecular weight poly(vinyl alcohol) dilute solution
Authors: Choi Jin Hyun , Lyoo Won Seok , Ko Sohk Won 
Published: September 2002

AbstractViscoelastic behavior of the dilute solution of ultrahigh molecular weight syndiotactic poly(vinyl alcohol) (UHMW s‐PVA)/dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)/water was investigated through rheological response. Below a critical temperature, the dynamic storage modulus (G′) of the solution became greater than the dynamic loss modulus (G″) and the viscoelastic exponent for G′ became smaller than that for G″ before macroscopic gelation, which indicates the evolution of viscoelastic solid properties at the sol state. Also, the loss tangent (tan δ) of the solution below the critical temperature increased with increasing frequency. Consequently, the dilute solution of UHMW s‐PVA/DMSO/water showed the rheological behaviors as can be observed in general chemical or physical gel systems below the critical temperature. These results suggest that solid‐like heterogeneity prevailed in the solution before macroscopic gelation with decreasing temperature. Such heterogeneity was considered as phase‐separated domains attributed to spinodal decomposition. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 569–576, 2001
Application of chemo‐rheology to establish a process window for a new solventless system to manufacture pre‐pregs and laminates for electronic applications
Authors: Dehnke L. M. , Permadi  , Castro J. M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe most common commercial processes for manufacturing pre‐pregs for electronic applications use solvent‐based epoxy systems. Solvents are environmentally unfriendly and contribute to voids in the pre‐preg and laminate. Voids cause product variability, which is a major source of scrap in board shops. In this paper, we use chemo‐rheological and kinetic measurements to identify a potential epoxy‐based resin system for a solventless process that is based on injection pultrusion. Differential scanning calorimetry and rheological data show that the candidate system does not react appreciably without catalyst up to temperatures of 170 °C or with catalyst at temperatures <110 °C. The system solidifies at temperatures <105 °C. The overall viscosity of the resin system is dependent on the temperature, degree of cure, and filler content. Kinetic rate and viscosity rise expressions to be used in process modeling and optimization have been developed. A preliminary process window for the process is established. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 601–610, 2001
Immiscible ethylene vinyl acetate and nylon blends processed below nylon melting temperature
Authors: Tzur A. , Narkis M. , Siegmann A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis article focuses on unique compounding and processing conditions at a temperature slightly below the melting temperature of the dispersed phase and well above the melting peak temperature of the matrix. Compounding and processing were carried out at the same temperature. Fibrillar morphologies were obtained by blending ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer with nylon 6 (N6) and compounding and processing them slightly below the N6 melting temperature. A hot, soft‐solid particle drawing mechanism that operates in such processing conditions caused fibrillation of the N6 particles and formation of highly oriented fibril‐filled composites throughout the entire volume. Morphological observations were made in the core region. Enhancement of some mechanical properties and interesting morphological structures were found in some of the blends. The melt elasticity, which was measured by the die swell of the filaments, was maximum at a temperature slightly below the N6 melting temperature, which supported the concept of fibrillation by processing it slightly below the melting temperature of the dispersed phase. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 661–671, 2001
Copolymerization of ethylene and 1‐octene by homogeneous and different supported metallocenic catalysts
Authors: De Fátima Vieira Marques Maria , Conte Anunciata , De Resende Flávia C. , Gervasoni Chaves Érica 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn this work, the performance of the homogeneous catalyst system based on Et(Flu)2ZrCl2/MAO was evaluated on the copolymerization of ethylene and 1‐octene. Characteristics of some of the produced polymers were also investigated. A study was performed to compare this system with that of Cp2ZrCl2/MAO. The influence of different support materials for the Cp2ZrCl2 was also evaluated, using silica, MgCl2, and the zeolite sodic mordenite NaM. An increase in activity was observed in relation to the comonomer addition for the two homogeneous catalysts. The copolymers produced by the Et(Flu)2ZrCl2/MAO system showed higher molecular weight and narrower molecular weight distribution. We verified that the catalyst supported on SiO2 was the most active one, although the copolymers produced with the catalyst supported on NaM showed higher molecular weight and lower molecular weight distribution. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 724–730, 2001
Effect of co‐promoter and secondary monomer on shrinkage control of unsaturated polyester (UP)/styrene (St)/low‐profile additive (LPA) systems cured at low temperatures
Authors: Cao Xia , Lee L. James 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe shrinkage of unsaturated polyester (UP)/styrene (St) resins cured at low temperatures can be reduced by the presence of low‐profile additives (LPAs). It is believed that the reaction‐induced phase separation and the polymerization shrinkage in both the LPA‐rich and UP‐rich phases result in the formation of microvoids, which partially compensates the resin shrinkage. The relative reaction rate in the two phases plays an important role in shrinkage control. In this study, secondary monomers [such as divinylbenzene (DVB) and trimethylopropane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA)] and a co‐promoter, 2,4‐pentandione (2,4‐P), were added into the UP/St/LPA resin systems to investigate their effect on the shrinkage control of resins cured at low temperatures. Dilatometery results showed that the addition of both TMPTMA and 2,4‐P resulted in an earlier volume expansion during curing and better shrinkage control. The phase separation, reaction kinetics, and viscosity changes in the LPA‐rich and UP‐rich phases during curing were also investigated. The results confirmed that the increased reaction rate in the LPA‐rich phase led to an earlier formation of microvoids and, consequently, less volume shrinkage of the cured resin. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 738–749, 2001
Synthesis and melt spinning of fully aromatic thermotropic liquid crystalline copolyesters containing m‐hydroxybenzoic acid units
Authors: Yerli̇kaya Zekeri̇ya , Aksoy Serpi̇l , Bayramli Erdal 
Published: September 2002

AbstractFibers of fully aromatic thermotropic copolyesters based on p‐acetoxybenzoic acid (p‐ABA), hydroquinone diacetate (HQDA), terephthalic acid (TPA), and m‐acetoxybenzoic acid (m‐ABA) were prepared by a high‐temperature melt‐spinning technique. Two types of the copolyesters were prepared by a high‐temperature melt polycondensation reaction using 33 mol % of kink (m‐ABA) and 67 mol % linear monomer units (p‐ABA, TPA, HQDA), and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized optical microscopy, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), and intrinsic viscosity measurements. The mechanical properties and the morphology of the fibers were also determined by tensile tester, WAXD, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The copolyesters exhibited phase‐separated nematic liquid crystalline morphology within a broad temperature range in an isotropic matrix. DSC analysis of the copolyesters revealed broad endotherms associated with the nematic phases. The melting and spinning temperatures were in a processable region. Fibers exhibit well‐developed fibrillar structure parallel to the fiber axis. The highly oriented morphology of the fibrils is slightly dependent on the type of the linear monomer. The strength and modulus values determined for the fibers that contain equal molar composition of the linear p‐ABA, HQDA/TPA units are comparable to other reported rigid systems containing fully aromatic species. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 2580–2587, 2002
Original histologic findings in arteries of the right ventricle papillary muscles in human hearts
Authors: Nerantzis Christos E. , Koutsaftis Philip N. , Marianou Soultana K. , Karakoukis Nikolaos G. , Cafiris Nikolaos A. , Kontogeorgos George 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn this study we describe original histologic findings of the right ventricle papillary muscle (PM) arteries in people under 30 years old. We examined 666 samples taken from the tip, mid‐portion, and base of the PM in 56 males and 55 females, as well as samples from the rest of the right ventricle. The amount of smooth muscle cell (SMC) fibers in the tunica media (TM) led to their division into three groups: Group 1: 351 samples (53%); normal amount, normal lumen. The amount of SMCs increased from the tip (20%) to the base (48%). Group 2: 226 samples (34%); mild to moderately increased amount of SMCs, with narrowness, eccentric displacement, and uneven lumen shape. They decreased from the tip (42%) to the base (23%). Group 3: 89 samples (13%), with abundant SMCs that duplicated the arterial size, contrary to the other two groups. Their shape was round and their extremely narrow, centrally located lumen had a round or oval shape. These changes were restricted only to PM arteries and decreased from the tip (65%) to the mid‐portion (35%). This type of artery predominated compared to the other two groups, probably because of the narrow lumen. No inflammatory reaction or chronic ischemic changes were found in the PM and its arteries. The SMC changes in groups 2 and 3 were found in subjects older than 2 months. The above findings will provide anatomists, cardiologists, and physiologists with valuable knowledge. Anat Rec 266:146–151, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphologic changes in the TMJ following splint wear
Authors: Sindelar Betty J. , Edwards Stan , Herring Susan W. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIntraoral splints are a commonly used dental treatment for a variety of conditions. Because such splints alter the condyle–disc–fossa relationship, they probably change the loading status of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), including the TMJ disc. Collagen, a major constituent of the disc, acts to resist tensile loading, and it is presumed that the fiber orientations of the individual disc bands reflect their functional loading. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine effects of intraoral splint wear on TMJ morphology in general, and collagen orientation of the intra‐articular disc in particular. Young adult, female miniature pigs were divided into three groups: open‐bite splint, protrusive‐bite splint, and unsplinted control. Splints were worn for 2 months, after which the TMJ discs were harvested for histological examination and stereological analysis, and the skulls were cleaned. Although the splints had no effect on skull dimensions, changes were seen in the TMJs. The discs of the protrusively‐splinted group showed an increased thickness of the posterior band (P < 0.015) and minor changes in collagen orientation of the anterior band. The most striking change was the presence of a degenerative osseous defect on the medial side of the mandibular condyle in half of the splinted animals. These results indicate that prolonged splint wear can induce remodeling and even injury of TMJ tissues. Anat Rec 266:167–176, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bony orbital anatomy of the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)
Authors: Kempster R.C. , Hirst L.W. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis is the first documented study of the anatomical details of the normal koala orbit. Baseline data are established which are necessary for understanding and treating ocular disease in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus). The bony anatomy of the orbit of the koala was examined and described from animals that presented dead or had been euthanized for humane reasons. Dissections of the orbital cavity were performed under magnification, and descriptions of the orbital bones were from macerated skulls that had been boiled and cleaned. In general, the orbital bones of the koala, and their respective foramina, are consistent with those of other carnivorous polyprotodont and herbivorous diprotodont marsupials. Anat Rec 267:288–291, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of a CENP‐A/CENP‐B–specific immune response in a patient with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Mahler Michael , Mierau Rudolf , Genth Ekkehard , Blüthner Martin 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAntibodies directed against an epitope motif on CENP‐A have been shown to cross‐react with mimotopes on other autoantigens and on Epstein‐Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA‐1), suggesting a molecular mimicry. We describe here the gradual development of an anticentromere immune response in a patient with systemic sclerosis, which started from an antihistone response and was not mediated by molecular mimicry. Via an epitope on histone H3, the antibody response spread to a homologous epitope in the H3 homology domain of CENP‐A. This was followed by an intramolecular epitope spreading to N‐terminal peptides of CENP‐A containing the known epitope motif G‐P‐X1‐R‐X2. From there it spread to corresponding epitopes on CENP‐B and to mimotopes of the major CENP‐A epitope motif on other autoantigens including EBNA‐1. Whether the D‐penicillamine treatment received by this patient was involved in the triggering of this cascade remains a matter of speculation.
Cyclooxygenase 2‐dependent prostaglandin E2 modulates cartilage proteoglycan degradation in human osteoarthritis explants
Authors: Hardy Medora M. , Seibert Karen , Manning Pamela T. , Currie Mark G. , Woerner B. Mark , Edwards Dorothy , Koki Alane , Tripp Catherine S. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo examine cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) enzyme expression, its regulation by interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), and the role of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in proteoglycan degradation in human osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage.MethodsSamples of human OA articular cartilage, meniscus, synovial membrane, and osteophytic fibrocartilage were obtained at knee arthroplasty and cultured ex vivo with or without IL‐1β and COX inhibitors. COX expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. The enzymatic activity of COX was measured by conversion of arachidonic acid to PGE2. Cartilage degradation was evaluated by measuring the accumulation of sulfated glycosaminoglycans in the medium.ResultsIL‐1β induced robust expression of COX‐2 and PGE2 in OA meniscus, synovial membrane, and osteophytic fibrocartilage explants, whereas low levels were produced in OA articular cartilage. IL‐1β also induced cartilage proteoglycan degradation in OA synovial membrane‐cartilage cocultures. Increased proteoglycan degradation corresponded to the induction of COX‐2 protein expression in, and PGE2 production from, the synovial membrane. Dexamethasone, neutralizing IL‐1β antibody, or the selective COX‐2 inhibitor, SC‐236, attenuated both the IL‐1β‐induced PGE2 production and cartilage proteoglycan degradation in these cocultures. The addition of PGE2 reversed the inhibition of proteoglycan degradation caused by SC‐236.ConclusionIL‐1β‐induced production of COX‐2 protein and PGE2 was low in OA articular cartilage compared with that in the other OA tissues examined. IL‐1β‐mediated degradation of cartilage proteoglycans in OA synovial membrane‐cartilage cocultures was blocked by the selective COX‐2 inhibitor, SC‐236, and the effect of SC‐236 was reversed by the addition of exogenous PGE2. Our data suggest that induction of synovial COX‐2‐produced PGE2 is one mechanism by which IL‐1β modulates cartilage proteoglycan degradation in OA.
Kinetics of bone protection by recombinant osteoprotegerin therapy in Lewis rats with adjuvant arthritis
Authors: Campagnuolo Giuseppe , Bolon Brad , Feige Ulrich 
Published: September 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effect of different dosages and treatment schedules of osteoprotegerin (OPG) on joint preservation in an experimental model of adjuvant‐induced arthritis (AIA).MethodsMale Lewis rats with AIA (6–8 per group) were treated with a subcutaneous bolus of recombinant human OPG according to one of the following schedules: daily OPG (an efficacious regimen) starting at disease onset (days 9–15), early intervention (days 9–11), delayed intervention (days 13–15), and extended therapy (days 9–22). Inflammation (hind paw swelling) was quantified throughout the clinical course; osteoporosis (bone mineral density [BMD], by quantitative dual x‐ray absorptiometry) and morphologic appraisals of inflammation, bone damage, intralesional osteoclasts (by semiquantitative histopathologic scoring), and integrity of the articular cartilage matrix (by retention of toluidine blue stain) were determined in histology sections of arthritic hind paws.ResultsOPG provided dose‐ and schedule‐dependent preservation of BMD and periarticular bone while essentially eliminating intralesional osteoclasts. Dosages ≥2.5 mg/kg/day preserved or enhanced BMD and prevented essentially all erosions. A dosage of 4 mg/kg/day protected joint integrity to a comparable degree when given for 7 (days 9–15) or 14 (days 9–22) consecutive days. At this dosage, early intervention (days 9–11) was twice as effective as delayed intervention (days 13–15) at preventing joint dissolution. Erosions and osteoclast scores were greatly decreased for 26 days (measured from the first treatment) after 7 or 14 daily doses of OPG (4 mg/kg/day). OPG treatment also prevented loss of cartilage matrix proteoglycans, an indirect consequence of protecting the subchondral bone. No OPG dosage or regimen alleviated weight loss, inflammation, or periosteal osteophyte production.ConclusionThese data indicate that OPG preserves articular bone and (indirectly) articular cartilage in arthritic joints in a dose‐ and schedule‐dependent manner, halts bone erosion when given at any point during the course of arthritis, produces sustained antierosive activity after a short course, and is most effective when initiated early in the disease.
High levels of osteoprotegerin and soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand in serum of rheumatoid arthritis patients and their normalization after anti–tumor necrosis factor α treatment
Authors: Ziolkowska Maria , Kurowska Mariola , Radzikowska Anna , Luszczykiewicz Grazyna , Wiland Piotr , Dziewczopolski Wojciech , Filipowicz‐Sosnowska Anna , Pazdur Jacek , Szechinski Jacek , Kowalczewski Jacek , Rell‐Bakalarska Maria , Maslinski Wlodzimierz 
Published: September 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo test the hypotheses that 1) proinflammatory cytokines affect osteoprotegerin (OPG) and soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (sRANKL) production and therefore the OPG and sRANKL levels differ in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients in comparison with healthy individuals; and 2) anti–tumor necrosis factor α (anti–TNFα) therapy influences OPG and sRANKL levels.MethodsSera were obtained from healthy individuals or RA patients receiving the combination of infliximab and methotrexate. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and synovial fluid mononuclear cells (SFMCs) were isolated from RA patients. Fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS) were isolated from synovial tissue obtained at total knee replacement in RA patients. Supernatants from cells stimulated with cytokines were collected after culture in vitro. Concentrations of OPG and sRANKL were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays.ResultsA strong positive correlation between OPG concentration and age was observed in healthy individuals but not in RA patients. The OPG and sRANKL levels were higher in RA patients than in healthy controls. Cultured FLS spontaneously secreted much higher amounts of OPG than PBMCs or SFMCs. Proinflammatory cytokines enhanced OPG production. Anti‐TNFα treatment resulted in the normalization of serum OPG and sRANKL levels in RA patients without influencing the OPG:sRANKL ratio.ConclusionAlthough higher serum levels of OPG and sRANKL are present in RA patients than in healthy individuals, the ratio of OPG:sRANKL is similar. There is an age‐dependent increase of OPG but not sRANKL levels in healthy subjects. Anti‐TNFα treatment results in the normalization of elevated levels of OPG and sRANKL in RA patients.
Avascular necrosis of the femoral head in a patient with Fabry's disease: Identification of ceramide trihexoside in the bone by delayed‐extraction matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization–time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Horiuchi Hiroshi , Saito Naoto , Kobayashi Seneki , Ota Hiroyoshi , Taketomi Tamotsu , Takaoka Kunio 
Published: September 2002

AbstractFabry's disease is a lipid storage disease caused by an X‐linked hereditary deficiency of α‐galactosidase. The enzymatic defect causes progressive deposition of ceramide trihexoside (CTH) in various tissues, leading to renal failure, premature myocardial infarction, and stroke, with a high rate of mortality in younger patients. Among the complications associated with Fabry's disease, a few cases involving avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head have been reported. However, direct evidence of deposition of CTH in bone marrow in the femoral head has not been demonstrated. This report describes a 58‐year‐old man who underwent total hip arthroplasty for femoral head AVN associated with Fabry's disease. The accumulation of CTH was examined by chemical analysis of the sphingolipid extracted from the femoral head, using delayed‐extraction matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization–time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. This is the first report confirming the presence of CTH in the sphingolipid fraction from normal and necrotic bone of a patient with Fabry's disease.