bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Serum Homocysteine Levels in Patients with Cutaneous-Oral Lichen Planus and Psoriasis Patients
Authors: Heidari Gorji Ali Morad , Heydari Fatemeh , Rahmatpour Rokni Ghasem , Golpour Masoud , Yazdani Jamshid 
Published: December 2023

Background: An elevated plasma homocysteine level is suggested to be a risk factor for reversible atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Psoriasis and lichen planus are two chronic inflammatory skin diseases associated with an increased risk of thrombosis and cardiovascular disease. Materials and Methods: We conducted this descriptive analytical study in 2015 on 30 psoriatic patients and 30 patients with cutaneous-oral lichen planus (selected via a simple randomized method) who were referred to the outpatient department of dermatology at Bouali Sina training and therapeutic hospital in Sari, Iran. We evaluated the serum homocysteine, vitamin B12, and folic acid levels in all patients. Data were evaluated using descriptive statistics and an independent t-test. Logistic regression was used for controlling confounding variables. Results: Nine (30%) patients in the psoriasis group and 11 (36.66%) in the cutaneous-oral lichen planus group had abnormally high blood homocysteine level (P = 0.001). Serum vitamin B12 level in the psoriatic group was significantly higher than in the cutaneous-oral lichen planus group (P = 0.034). Both mean and maximum serum folic acid levels in the psoriatic group were higher than in the cutaneous-oral lichen planus group, but the difference was not significant (P = 0.296). As psoriasis and cutaneous-oral lichen planus are chronic inflammatory skin diseases, in these groups, the serum homocysteine levels were higher than in healthy control subjects, but there was no significant differences between the two groups. Conclusion: Further studies are recommended about the course of treatment in patients with psoriasis and lichen planus diseases before therapeutic intervention.Â [GMJ.2017;6(3):226-232] DOI: 10.22086/gmj.v0i0.749
Comparative Bioinformatics Characteristic of Bladder Cancer Stage 2 from Stage 4 Expression Profile: A Network-Based Study
Authors: Zamanian Azodi Mona , Rezaei-Tavirani Mostafa , Rostami-Nejad Mohammad , Rezaei-Tavirani Majid 
Published: December 2023

Background: Bladder cancer (BC) has remained as one of the most challenging issues in medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the differential network analysis of stages 2 and 4 of BC to better understand the molecular pathology of these states. Materials and Methods: We chose gene expression data of GSE52519 from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database analyzed by the GEO2R online tool. Cytoscape version 3.6.1 and its algorithms are the methods applied for the network construction and investigation of differentially expressed genes (DEG) in these states. Result: Our result revealed that the analysis DEGs provides useful information about a common molecular feature of stages 2 and 4 of BC. Conclusion: Consequently, the network finding revealed that more investigation about stage 2 is required to achieve an effective therapeutic protocol to block the transition from stage 2 to stage 4.[GMJ.2018;7:e1279]
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Bronchospasm During Induction of Anesthesia: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Vojdani Salman 
Published: December 2023

Background: Bronchospasm (spasm of bronchial muscles) in general anesthesia caused by many reasons. Untreated bronchospasm can cause hypoxia, hypotension and increased morbidity and mortality. Case Report: A 28 years old female scheduled for tonsillectomy surgery. Immediately after induction of anesthesia patient developed with drop in oxygen saturation and difficulty in mechanical ventilation. Conclusion: Bronchospasm should be considered in differential diagnosis of oxygen saturation drop during general anesthesia. This situation is more common in patients without specific respiratory disorder. Tracheal irritants like sputum and blood can cause bronchospasm. Other causes include histamine or serotonin release. [GMJ.2018;7:e846]
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Comparison of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Honey and Spirulina platensis with Sulfasalazine and Mesalazine on Acetic Acid-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Rats
Authors: Rezaei Nadia , Eftekhari Mohammad Hassan , Tanideh Nader , Mokhtari Maral , Bagheri Zahra 
Published: December 2023

Â Background: Antioxidant therapy has gained attention for the treatment of ulcerative coliÂ­tis (UC). The excessive generation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species in the gastrointestinal tract increases oxidative stress, thereby leading to antioxidant defense depletion, lipid peroxÂ­idation, inflammation, tissue damage, and ulceration. Spirulina platensis (SP) and honey are excellent sources of potent antioxidants such as polyphenols and other bioactive compounds. We aimed to investigate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of honey and SP in comÂ­parison with sulfasalazine (SSZ) and mesalazine on acetic acid-induced colitis (AA-colitis) in rats. Materials and Methods: Fifty-six Sprague Dawley male rats were allocated to sevÂ­en groups, with each group comprising eight rats. UC was induced, except in normal conÂ­trols (NC). All groups received oral treatments for seven days. The normal saline solution of 2 mL was intrarectally administered to the NC group. The AA-colitis and NC groups received 2 mL acetic acid intrarectally as a single dose and 2 mL normal saline for seven consecutive days orally. The mesalazine group received 100 mg/kg mesalazine, the SSZ group 360 mg/kg SSZ, the honey or H group 1 mL honey diluted with 1 mL distilled water, the SH group 1g/kg SP and 1 mL honey, and the SP group 1g/kg SP. After clinical activity score assessment, the rats were sacrificed. Colonic weight/length ratio, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-1Î² (IL-1Î²), tumor necrosis factor-Î± (TNF-Î±), interleukin-6 (IL-6), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), reduced glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. Colonic histopathological changes were observed microscopically. Results: Treatment of UC with SP, honey, and combination regimen significantly reduced TNF-Î±, IL-1Î², IL-6, MDA, MPO, NO, and PGE2, and increased TAC, GSH, GPx, and SOD in interventional groups compared to the AA-colitis group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Honey and SP might be beneficial food suppleÂ­ments for medical nutrition therapy in UC. [GMJ.2019;8:e1095]
Comparison of the Effects of Video Modeling and Clinician Modeling on Naming Deficiency in Aphasic Patients
Authors: Kaviani Shohre , Samaei Afshin , Shahverdi Ehsan , Kasbi Fatemeh 
Published: December 2023

Background: Â Aphasia is the most frequent disorder that could occur following a stroke. Aphasia has a negative impact on the patient's communication ability through language. One of the common consequences of aphasia is naming deficits that can lead to communication disorders. Therefore, the treatment of aphasia is necessary. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of video modeling and clinician modeling on naming skills of patients with chronic aphasia.Materials and Methods: The design of this prospective single subject study was Aâ€‘Bâ€‘A that performed on four patients with chronic aphasia. participated. This study was administered during three phases including the baseline (three sessions); the intervention (nine sessions); and a follow-up phase (three sessions). The outcome measure was taken in three phases including baseline, intervention, and follow-up. For each patient, the naming score for items modeled by the clinician, the naming score for items modeled video modeling by other, the naming score for self-video modeling, and the reaction time score were recorded.Result: A total of three patients complete the study and one of them refused to continue treatment. The naming score of all modeling types increased in all patients. In the other words, the intervention helped the patients be improved in naming. Also, the results of the reaction time indicated that the video modeling, as well as clinician modeling, could decrease the response time that means the intervention could increase the speed of retrieval processes.Â Conclusion:In our study, all three types of modeling could improve the naming scores in patients with chronic aphasia. Additionally, the findings demonstrate that the clinician and video modeling might increase mental processing for naming verbally. [GMJ. 2019;8:e1158]
Naloxone Ameliorates Spatial Memory Deficits and Hyperthermia Induced by a Neurotoxic Methamphetamine Regimen in Male Rats
Authors: Ghazvini Hamed , Khalifeh Solmaz , Khodamoradi Mehdi , Hajali Vahid , Eliasy Lelia , Kheradmand Afshin , Farnia Vahid , Akhtari Javad , Shahveisi Kaveh , Ghalehnoei Hossein 
Published: December 2023

Background: Methamphetamine (METH) as a synthetic psychostimulant is being increasingly recognized as a worldwide problem, which may induce memory impairment. On the other hand, it is well established that naloxone, an opiate antagonist, has some beneficial effects on learning and memory. The present research aimed at evaluating naloxone effects on spatial learning and memory impairment triggered by a neurotoxic regimen of METH in male rats. Materials and Methods: The animals received the subcutaneous (sc) regimen of METH (4Ã—6 mg/kg at 2-h intervals), intraperitoneal (ip) naloxone (4Ã—1 mg/kg at 2-h intervals), or normal saline at four events. The Nal-METH group of rats received four naloxone injections (1 mg/kg, ip) 30 min before each METH injection (6 mg/kg, sc) at 2-h intervals. Seven days later, they were evaluated for spatial learning and memory in the Morris Water Maze (MWM) task. Result: METH regimen induced hyperthermia, as well as a poor performance, in the acquisition and retention phases of the task, indicating spatial learning and memory impairment compared to the controls. Naloxone administration (1 mg/kg, ip) before each METH injection led to significant attenuations of both hyperthermia and METH adverse effects on the rat performance in the MWM task. Conclusion:Â The results revealed that pretreatment with the opiate antagonist naloxone could prevent METH adverse effects on body temperature and memory performance. It seems that the opioidergic system and hyperthermia may, at least partially, be involved in METH effects on spatial memory. [GMJ. 2019;8:e1182]
Validity and Reliability of the Persian Versions of National Institute of Health Stroke Scale and Modified National Institute of Health Stroke Scale in Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Dehghani Reza , Borhanihaghighi Afshin , Shariat Abdolhamid , Nami Mohammad , Nazeri Masoume , Abolhasani Foroughi Amin , Mehrabi Samrad , Emamghoreishi Masoumeh 
Published: December 2023

Background: National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and Modified National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (mNIHSS) are two valid and reliable questionnaires that assess stroke severity. This study aimed to examine and compare the validity and reliability of Persian versions of NIHSS and mNIHSS in hospitalized patients.Â Materials and Methods: The English versions of NIHSS and mNIHSS were translated to Persian (forward and backward), and three neurologists examined the face and content validity of both questionnaires. The Persian versions of NIHSS and mNIHSS were used in75 hospitalized stroke patients (hemorrhagic and obstructive) admitted to Namazi teaching hospital, Shiraz, Iran.The reliability and validity of the Persian versions were examined by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and convergent validity.Â Result: The values of Cronbach's alpha for Persian versions of NIHSS and mNIHSS were 0.81 and 0.86, respectively. The scaling success of convergent validity in NIHSS and mNIHSS were 80% and 100%, respectively.Â Conclusion: The Persian versions of NIHSS and mNIHSS were reliable and valid. However, mNIHSS was more valid and reliable than NIHSS. Persian version of mNIHSS can be suggested to be used for assessing stroke severity in hospitalized stroke patients by neurologists and researchers. [GMJ. 2019;8:e1188]
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Effect of Fenugreek Use on Fasting Blood Glucose, Glycosylated Hemoglobin, Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, Blood Pressure and Quality of Life in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials
Authors: Gholami-Fesharaki Mohammad , Hassani Seyyedeh Seddigheh , Arezodar Faramarz Fallahi , Esmaeili Seyyed Saeid 
Published: December 2023

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a major cause of death globally. It causes multiple problems in various organs and incurs heavy costs for patients and the community health system.The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of fenugreek intake on fasting blood sugar (FBS), HbA1C, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure and quality of life of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Materials and Methods: This randomized, double-blinded clinical trial study was conducted on patients with T2DMin Tehran, Iran in 2018. The treatment group received 5 g of fenugreek powder,and the placebo group received 5 g of wheat flour twice daily for two months before meals. Results: This study was performed on 62 patients (50% male and 50% female). Both groups had similar demographic characteristics. The results showed a significant difference between the mean FBS (P<0.001), HgA1C (P<0.001), BMI (P<0.001), waist circumference (P<0.001), diastolic blood pressure (P=0.005), and quality of life (P=0.015). There was no significant difference in mean systolic blood pressure (P=0.189) between groups.Â Conclusion: Given the positive effect of fenugreek on FBS, hemoglobin, HbA1C, BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure and quality of life, it can be recommended for controlling blood glucose in diabetic patients. [GMJ.2019;8:e1432]Â
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Improved Stage Categorization of PTZ-Induced Kindling and Late Enhanced Neurogenesis in PTZ Kindled Mice
Authors: Shahpari Marzieh , Aligholi Hadi , Namavar Mohammad Reza , Vafaee Farzaneh , Emamghoreishi Masoumeh 
Published: December 2023

Background: There is no universally accepted behavioral scoring to define the early development of phenothiazine (PTZ) kindling. Therefore, studies investigating alterations of neurogenesis in the PTZ model were mainly focused on full kindled animals rather than early stages of kindling. This study aimed to determine an appropriate behavioral index for categorizing stages of PTZ kindling progress and to evaluate neurogenesis during PTZ kindling.Â Materials and Methods: Twenty-four mice were intraperitoneally injected with a sub convulsive dose of PTZ (40mg/kg) every other day until they became full kindled. The first occurrence of different seizure behaviors and their durations were recorded during kindling development, and the different stages of kindling were categorized. Neurogenesis was evaluated in the lateral subventricular zone (SVZ) at each stage of kindling by immunofluorescence staining.Â Results: First occurrence of restlessness, motionless staring, hind limb tonic extension, Straubâ€™s tail, myoclonic jerk, and tonic-clonic were sequentially observed in more than 80% of animals with increasing PTZ injections. The duration of the myoclonic jerk was significantly longer than the other seizure behaviors. The significantly higher percentage of BrdU-positive cells was found in SVZ of mice showing tonic-clonic in comparison to other seizure behaviors.Â Conclusion: A hierarchy behavior was observed during the kindling process when considering the first occurrence of seizure behaviors. We defined the first occurrence of restlessness, motionless, hind limb tonic extension and Straubâ€™s tail behaviors as an early phase, myoclonic jerk as a borderline phase and tonic-clonic as a late phase of PTZ-induced kindling. Our results indicated an enhanced SVZ neurogenesis at the late phase of kindling.Â [GMJ.2019;8:e1511]
In Vitro Spermatogenesis by Three-dimensional Culture of Spermatogonial Stem Cells on Decellularized Testicular Matrix
Authors: Ashouri Movassagh Sepideh , Banitalebi Dehkordi Mehdi , Koruji Morteza , Pourmand Gholamreza , Farzaneh Parvaneh , Ashouri Movassagh Sanaz , Khadivi Farnaz , Jabari Ayob , Samadian Azam , Abbasi Mehdi 
Published: December 2023

Background: In the males, Spermatogonial Stem Cells (SSCs) contribute to the production of sex cells and fertility. In vitro SSCs culture can operate as an effective strategy for studies on spermatogenesis and male infertility treatment. Cell culture in a three-dimensional (3D) substrate, relative to a two-dimensional substrate (2D), creates better conditions for cell interaction and is closer to in vivo conditions. In the present study, in order to create a 3D matrix substrate, decellularized testicular matrix (DTM) was used to engender optimal conditions for SSCs culture and differentiation. Materials and Methods: After, testicular cells enzymatic extraction from testes of brain-dead donors, the SSCs were proliferated in a specific culture medium for four weeks, and after confirming the identity of the colonies derived from the growth of these cells, they were cultured on a layer of DTM as well asÂ in 2D condition with a differentiated culture medium. In the Sixth week since the initiation of the differentiation culture, the expression of pre meiotic (OCT4 & PLZF), meiotic (SCP3 & BOULE) and post meiotic (CREM & Protamine-2) genes were measured in both groups. Results: The results indicated that the expression of pre meiotic, meiotic and post meiotic genes was significantly higher in the cells cultured on DTM (P â‰¤ 0.001). Conclusion: SSCs culture in DTM with the creation of ECM and similar conditions with in vivo can be regarded as a way of demonstrating spermatogenesis in vitro, which can be adopted as a treatment modality for male infertility. [GMJ.2019;8:e1565]Â
Investigating the Maternal Factors Associated with Preschool Childrenâ€™s Food Preferences; A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Farajzadeh-Moghanjoughi Nayyereh , Kheirouri Sorayya , Alizadeh Mohammad , Farsad-Naeimi Alireza 
Published: December 2023

Background: Dietary patterns of children are determined by their food preferences, and mothers have important implications for these preferences. This study was aimed to investigate the maternal factors associated with childrenâ€™s food preferences. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 576 healthy children aged 3-6 years participated from nursery schools through simple cluster sampling method and maternal factors associated with childrenâ€™s food preferences were determined using a researcher designed, validated tool through face-to-face interview with mothers. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 using General Linear Model to assess the correlations between different variables. Results: The children with diploma-educated mothers had fewer preferences in consuming nuts, vegetables, and fruits, and children with academic-educated mothers had fewer preferences in consuming nuts, beans, vegetables, fruits, drinks, condiments, and snacks (P<0.05). Children with employed mothers had fewer preferences for beans and drinks (P<0.02). Drinks preferences were lower among children whose mothers had good nutritional knowledge score (P<0.03). Proteins, beans, fruits, condiments, and snacks preferences were higher among children whose mothers had good nutritional attitude score (P<0.05). A positive correlation was found between the food preferences of children and mothers (0.377<B<0.570, P<0.001) in all food groups.Â Conclusion: The results of the study showed that mothersÌ“ educational level and their high nutritional knowledge and attitude could not guarantee the healthy dietary patterns of children. To promote childrenâ€™s dietary patterns, it is imperative to improve the food preferences of mothers through specialized training. [GMJ.2019;8:e1652]Â
A Short Review on the Model of Government Support Programs for Special Patients in Iran, United Kingdom, United States of America, Italy, and Sweden
Authors: Hosseini Esmaeil , Mahmoudi Majd Abadi Mahmoud , Masoudi Asl Irvin , Karami Matin Behzad 
Published: December 2023

Over the past few decades, caring for special patients has taken center stage in healthcare systems. Moreover, what necessitates conducting a comparative study into the conditions of special patients and designing a suitable model are as follows: high admission rates of these patients in hospitals, continual recurrence of the illness, sky-high costs of treatment and medicine, lack of coordination between the services offered by hospitals and community needs, and severe pressure of special patients on their families. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the models of government support programs for special patients in Iran, the United Kingdom, the USA, Italy and Sweden through a descriptive-documentary method. The findings revealed that the Ministry of Health and Welfare and the private sector were the major providers of health services to special patients in most of the countries under study. It was also demonstrated that the services offered to special patients are jointly mainly funded by governments, associations, and non-governmental organizations and partially by insurance premiums and so forth. The results also indicated that the bulk of healthcare provision was shouldered by non-governmental sectors and the contribution of charitable people. Finally, it can be concluded that both health-related policies and the health of special patients can be closely honed and monitored through the formation of committees on the health of special patients at the Supreme Council of Health, the establishment of an office for special patients at the Vice-chancellery for Health at the Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education, provision of decentralized services, and financing through taxation and contribution of charitable people and international organizations. [GMJ.2020;9:e1403]