bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated Functions of Cardiac Energetics, Mechanics, and Purine Nucleotide Metabolism
Authors: Lopez‐Schenk Rachel , Collins Nicole L. , Schenk Noah A. , Beard Daniel A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPurine nucleotides play central roles in energy metabolism in the heart. Most fundamentally, the free energy of hydrolysis of the adenine nucleotide adenosine triphosphate (ATP) provides the thermodynamic driving force for numerous cellular processes including the actin‐myosin crossbridge cycle. Perturbations to ATP supply and/or demand in the myocardium lead to changes in the homeostatic balance between purine nucleotide synthesis, degradation, and salvage, potentially affecting myocardial energetics and, consequently, myocardial mechanics. Indeed, both acute myocardial ischemia and decompensatory remodeling of the myocardium in heart failure are associated with depletion of myocardial adenine nucleotides and with impaired myocardial mechanical function. Yet there remain gaps in the understanding of mechanistic links between adenine nucleotide degradation and contractile dysfunction in heart disease. The scope of this article is to: (i) review current knowledge of the pathways of purine nucleotide depletion and salvage in acute ischemia and in chronic heart disease; (ii) review hypothesized mechanisms linking myocardial mechanics and energetics with myocardial adenine nucleotide regulation; and (iii) highlight potential targets for treating myocardial metabolic and mechanical dysfunction associated with these pathways. It is hypothesized that an imbalance in the degradation, salvage, and synthesis of adenine nucleotides leads to a net loss of adenine nucleotides in both acute ischemia and under chronic high‐demand conditions associated with the development of heart failure. This reduction in adenine nucleotide levels results in reduced myocardial ATP and increased myocardial inorganic phosphate. Both of these changes have the potential to directly impact tension development and mechanical work at the cellular level. © 2024 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol14:5345‐5369, 2024.
Postcolonial Play in the Orient's Sandbox
Authors: Mukherjee Souvik , Rizvi Zahra 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this introduction to the special double issue, the guest editors outline their vision behind the work by giving a short overview of the orientalist bias in game studies, the postcolonialist turn in the field, and the need for South Asia‐centric scholarship to contribute to and invite South‐South discourse in games scholarship. This short introduction also introduces the various contributions to this double issue which range from academic articles to book reviews to comments.
Transition metal carbide‐based nanostructures for electrochemical hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions
Authors: Sher Shah Md. Selim Arif , Jang Gyu Yong , Zhang Kan , Park Jong Hyeok 
Published: December 2023

AbstractExtensive consumption of limited fossil fuel resources generates serious environmental problems, such as release of large amounts of the greenhouse gas CO2. It is, therefore, urgently necessary to look for alternative energy resources to meet increasing energy demands. Hydrogen is a clean, environmentally friendly, and sustainable energy source. Electrochemical water splitting is one of the cleanest and greenest technologies available for hydrogen production. Unfortunately, large‐scale water electrolysis is hindered by the high costs of catalysts, since noble metal‐based materials have been demonstrated to be the best catalysts (e.g., Pt for the cathode and Ru/Ir‐oxide for the anode catalyst). Recently, transition metal carbides (TMCs) have drawn significant attention for use in electrochemical water splitting, especially for hydrogen evolution reactions, owing to their high intrinsic catalytic activities, extraordinary electrical conductivities, and abundant source materials. TMCs exhibit Pt‐like electronic structures and are considered suitable alternatives for Pt. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in the uses of representative TMCs for the electrochemical hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions and highlights advantages in the electrocatalytic effects provided by nanostructuring. Finally, existing challenges and future perspectives for use of these electrocatalysts are discussed.
Catalytic C(sp2)−H Trifluoroethylation of Indoles via Iron‐Carbene Insertion
Authors: Ning Yongyue , Wei Dandan , Zhang Xiaolong , Karmakar Swastik , Bi Xihe 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPharmacological properties of a bioactive molecule can be improved significantly by placing a fluoroalkyl group on its scaffold. However, direct stitching of fluoroalkyl groups to aromatic compounds via C−H bond activation or insertion reaction is a difficult task, thus challenging and of high demand. Herein, an alternative to the Friedel‐Crafts alkylation, we describe an uncharted strategy for selective and efficient trifluoroethylation of indole that relies on iron(III)‐catalyzed C−H activation of aromatic compounds and proceeds via Fe(III)‐carbene insertion into C(sp2)−H bond of indole using trifluoroacetaldehyde N‐triftosylhydrazone as a carbene precursor and FeTPPCl as catalyst.
MnO@C composites derived from MOFs coated with reduced graphene oxide for simultaneous detection of catechol and hydroquinone
Authors: Liu Wenjing , Xu Sumin , Zhang Jinjin , Wang Qi , Qu Jianying 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this work, manganese‐based metal‐organic frameworks (MnBDC) were synthesized by solvothermal method and physically mixed with pre‐prepared graphene oxide (GO) to obtain GO/MnBDC, which were calcined to give MnO@C composite coated with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) marked as rGO/MnO@C. The materials were characterized by SEM, XRD, FTIR and XPS. Based on this composite, a novel sensor was constructed on a glassy carbon substrate, which exhibited good electrocatalytic activities to the redox reactions of catechol (CC) and hydroquinone (HQ), enabling simultaneous detection of both analytes. Under optimized conditions, the electrochemical sensor demonstrated a linear range of 0.50–90.00 μM for both CC and HQ detection, with respective detection limits of 0.05 μM and 0.03 μM. Moreover, the sensor exhibited excellent sensitivity, selectivity and accuracy for detecting CC and HQ simultaneous in real samples.
Natural polymers as sustainable precursors for scalable production of N/SOx doped carbon material enabling high‐performance supercapacitors
Authors: Abbas Syed Comail , Hua Zifeng , Deng Qidu , Ahommed Md Sohel , Guo Jiajia , Huang Hai , Ma Xiaojuan , Cao Shilin , Ni Yonghao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNatural polymers‐based carbon electrodes have gained significant research attention for next‐generation portable supercapacitors. Herein, present an environmentally benign and novel approach for the synthesis of N/S‐Ox carbon material derived from natural polymers on gram scale. By capitalizing the synergistic effect of sulfonated lignin and amino‐containing chitosan, this methodology produces a straightforward, low‐budget, and scalable process. The incorporation of sulfonate motifs from lignin contributes to the formation of C‐SOx moieties and multi‐porous architecture with a high surface area. Simultaneously, amino groups in chitosan induce nitrogen doping, enhancing conductivity, and wettability. The resulting N/SOx carbon material exhibits a micro/meso‐porous architecture, facilitating electrolyte diffusion, and demonstrating improved rate capability and pseudocapacitance via Faradaic redox reactions. The N/SOx carbon material showcases notable capacitance (392 F g−1 at 1 Ag−1) as compared with the reported carbon materials form biomass and outstanding cyclic stability (94.8% retention after 5000 cycles). By optimizing various chitosan mass ratios, the most effective N/SOx carbon material SNACM = S/N‐doped activated carbon material (SNACM‐2) was produced using a lignin: chitosan sample ratio of 1:2 for symmetric supercapacitors. Furthermore, the quasi‐solid‐state symmetric supercapacitors based on SNACM‐2 exhibit an excellent specific capacitance of 142 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, coupled with outstanding flexibility. The SNACM‐2 demonstrates a high‐energy density of 9.8 W h kg−1 at a power density of 0.5 kW kg−1. This study presents a successful strategy for transforming low‐valued, eco‐friendly natural polymers into renewable, high‐performance carbon materials for supercapacitors.image
Thermophysical evolution during different decompression of N2‐containing S‐CO2 pipelines
Authors: Yang Kai , Chen Lei , Hu Yanwei , Yan Xingqing , Yu Shuai , Yu Jianliang , Chen Shaoyun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPipelines transporting impure supercritical carbon dioxide in the carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) chain exhibit varying decompression characteristics due to engineered emissions or accidental leakage, resulting in diverse temperature drops and heat transfer mechanisms in the media and pipe walls. Therefore, studying heat transfer characteristics during slow and instantaneous decompression is crucial to investigating pipeline operational risks. In this work, supercritical CO2 pipeline valve release and rupture disc release experiments were performed with a 1.5% molar ratio of N2 content in an experimental pipeline (16 m long, 100 mm inner diameter). The evolution of the medium and pipe wall's physical properties was measured and discussed. Two methods of depressurization were employed to analyze the phase changes and heat transfer processes in the pipe. The instantaneous decompression process has a shorter decompression time and undergoes fluctuating and stable decompression stages. The slow decompression process has a slower temperature drop rate, but the wall during the process can reach a lower minimum temperature. Both release methods cause a larger temperature drop and Nusselt number at the bottom of the pipe wall due to evaporation heat transfer compared to the middle and top. The slow decompression process demonstrates a higher peak Nusselt number at the bottom, resulting in superior heat transfer efficiency compared to the instantaneous decompression process. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Water resource management using remote sensing and coyote optimization algorithms
Authors: Hai Qing , Zhang Lijun , Li Gendong , Khayatnezhad Majid , Abdolhosseinzadeh Sama 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes a new methodology for investigating water management options in agricultural irrigation that accounts for the heterogeneity of irrigation system characteristics and limitations in existing water resources. The process uses a random data matching method to obtain operational management methods and system features using remote sensing data and water resource management optimization to evaluate different management methods. Regional modelling was performed, using the SWAP model under deterministic–stochastic conditions. Inputs such as sowing dates, irrigation procedures, soil characteristics, groundwater depth and water quality were treated as distributed data. To estimate these data, residual minimization was used between the field‐scale evapotranspiration distributions modelled in the SWAP model and two Landsat 8 ETM+ images, as well as the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL). The investigation of water management methods using distributed data as input was performed, and optimization of water management and data assimilation was achieved by applying the improved coyote algorithm. The case study was conducted in Mashhad during the dry season of 2018–2019. The results suggest that simultaneous consideration of crop and water management methods, rather than an independent evaluation, can lead to further improvement in regional wheat yield under water shortage conditions.
Oxymatrine impedes the progression of endotoxin‐induced glaucoma via redox system modulations
Authors: Das Ashmita , Kashyap Onkar , Pandey Devi P. , Bodakhe Surendra H. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to provide irrefutable evidence of the preventive effects of oxymatine (OMT) on a model of endotoxin induced glaucoma in Wistar rats which can be attributed to its anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and TNF‐α antagonistic properties. To assess the impact of OMT on uveitic glaucoma, the normal group received 100 μL distilled water topically for 15 days, while the glaucoma control group was induced with uveitic glaucoma by applying 10 μL of 10 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) topically for 3 consecutive days. The treatment groups were then given OMT solution at a volume of 50 μL with varying doses of 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1% once a day via topical administration for 15 days. In addition, as a standard, the animals were also given 100 μL of 1% dorzolamide topically for 15 days. All ophthalmic dosing was carried out by pulling the lower eye‐lid of the experimental animals and administration of the respective solutions. The study uses cutting‐edge real‐time imaging of the retinal vasculature in anesthetized animals, postsacrifice lenticular picturization and biochemical evidence to support the changes in the retinal layers. LPS induced animals demonstrated increased IOP, disrupted antioxidant systems, massive lipid damage, enhanced TNF‐α activity and changes in intracellular ATPase and ionic activities. The damaged retinal vasculature and lenticular opacification further supported the biochemical evidence. However, using OMT at a 1% dosage effectively enhanced the antioxidant levels, regulated intracellular ion concentration and ATPases, decreased TNF‐α activity, and counteracted mechanobiological changes in the visual front and retina. Moreover, OMT can successfully normalize intraocular pressure, making it a highly beneficial treatment option for glaucoma.
Determinants and outcome correlates of engagement with a mobile mental health intervention for depression and anxiety in middle‐aged and older adults
Authors: Alfaro Ana J. , Wielgosz Joseph , Kuhn Eric , Carlson Chalise , Gould Christine E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo examine baseline factors (i.e., age, gender, mobile device proficiency, sensory impairment) associated with app engagement in a 12‐week mental health app intervention and to explore whether app engagement predicts changes in depression and anxiety symptoms among middle‐aged and older adults.MethodMobile device proficiency, sensory impairment, depression, and anxiety symptoms were measured using questionnaires. App engagement was defined by metrics characterizing the core intervention features (i.e., messages sent to therapist, mindfulness meditation minutes, action tasks completed). Multiple regressions and multilevel models were conducted.ResultsForty‐nine participants (M age = 57.40, SD = 11.09 years) enrolled. Women (β = .35, p < .05) and participants with less sensory impairment completed more action tasks (β = −.40, p < .05). Depressive and anxiety symptoms measured within the app declined significantly across treatment. Clinical significant improvements were observed for depression in 48.9% and for anxiety in 40% of participants. App engagement metrics were not predictive of depression or anxiety symptoms, either incrementally in time‐lagged models or cumulatively in hierarchical linear regression analyses.ConclusionApp engagement is multifaceted; participants engaged differently by gender and ability. Participation in this digital mental health intervention reduced depression and anxiety symptoms, but these findings should be interpreted with caution as the study did not include a control condition. Our findings underscore the importance of considering individual factors that may influence use of a digital mental health intervention.
Open‐source flow setup for rapid and efficient [18F]fluoride drying for automation of PET tracer syntheses
Authors: Menzel Florian , Cotton Jonathan , Ziegler Thomas , Maurer Andreas , Neumaier Jochen M. 
Published: December 2023

One of the key strategies for radiochemical research facilities is the automation of synthesis processes. Unnecessary manual operations increase the radiation exposure of personnel, while simultaneously threatening the reliability of syntheses. We have previously reported an affordable open‐source system comprising 3D‐printed continuous flow reactors, a custom syringe pump, and a pressure regulator that can be used to perform radiofluorinations. In this paper, we address additional essential processes that are needed for radiotracer development and synthesis, with the aim of making laboratory work safer and research more efficient. We have designed and evaluated a fully automated system for rapidly and effectively processing and drying aqueous [18F]fluoride that can be directly connected to the cyclotron. This process relies on triflyl fluoride gas generation and allows nucleophilic [18F]fluoride to be prepared safely in a hotcell within 10 min and an activity recovery of 91.7 ± 1.6% (n = 5). Owing to the need for convenient radiofluorinated prosthetic ligands, we have adapted our continuous flow system to produce [18F]fluoroethyl tosylate (FEOTs) and [18F]fluoroethyl triflate (FEOTf), prosthetic groups that are widely used for late‐stage fluoroethylation of PET tracers. The processes as well as the radiolabeling of different groups are compared and comprehensively discussed. Having a method providing [18F]fluoroethyl tosylate (FEOTs) as well as [18F]fluoroethyl triflate (FEOTf) quickly and highly efficiently is beneficial for radiochemical research.
Collaborative Learning for Annotation‐Efficient Volumetric MR Image Segmentation
Authors: Osman Yousuf Babiker M. , Li Cheng , Huang Weijian , Wang Shanshan 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundDeep learning has presented great potential in accurate MR image segmentation when enough labeled data are provided for network optimization. However, manually annotating three‐dimensional (3D) MR images is tedious and time‐consuming, requiring experts with rich domain knowledge and experience.PurposeTo build a deep learning method exploring sparse annotations, namely only a single two‐dimensional slice label for each 3D training MR image.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationThree‐dimensional MR images of 150 subjects from two publicly available datasets were included. Among them, 50 (1377 image slices) are for prostate segmentation. The other 100 (8800 image slices) are for left atrium segmentation. Five‐fold cross‐validation experiments were carried out utilizing the first dataset. For the second dataset, 80 subjects were used for training and 20 were used for testing.Field Strength/Sequence1.5 T and 3.0 T; axial T2‐weighted and late gadolinium‐enhanced, 3D respiratory navigated, inversion recovery prepared gradient echo pulse sequence.AssessmentA collaborative learning method by integrating the strengths of semi‐supervised and self‐supervised learning schemes was developed. The method was trained using labeled central slices and unlabeled noncentral slices. Segmentation performance on testing set was reported quantitatively and qualitatively.Statistical TestsQuantitative evaluation metrics including boundary intersection‐over‐union (B‐IoU), Dice similarity coefficient, average symmetric surface distance, and relative absolute volume difference were calculated. Paired t test was performed, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsCompared to fully supervised training with only the labeled central slice, mean teacher, uncertainty‐aware mean teacher, deep co‐training, interpolation consistency training (ICT), and ambiguity‐consensus mean teacher, the proposed method achieved a substantial improvement in segmentation accuracy, increasing the mean B‐IoU significantly by more than 10.0% for prostate segmentation (proposed method B‐IoU: 70.3% ± 7.6% vs. ICT B‐IoU: 60.3% ± 11.2%) and by more than 6.0% for left atrium segmentation (proposed method B‐IoU: 66.1% ± 6.8% vs. ICT B‐IoU: 60.1% ± 7.1%).Data ConclusionsA collaborative learning method trained using sparse annotations can segment prostate and left atrium with high accuracy.Level of Evidence0Technical EfficacyStage 1
Healthy Adult Left and Right Ventricular Torsion and Torsion Rates With MR‐Feature Tracking
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Li Gengxiao , Gao Yiyuan , Zhou Shanshan , Xie Jianan , Liu Shurong , Zhao Zhiwei , Zhu Chengcheng , Ordovas Karen , Pohost Gerald M. , Sun Kai , Li Kuncheng 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundThe clinical value of myocardial torsion quantification in prognostic assessment and risk stratification of various cardiovascular diseases is gradually being recognized. However, normal values of left and right ventricular (LV and RV) torsion and torsion rates (TRs) have not been fully determined, and their correlation with age and gender has not been well studied.PurposeTo establish normal ranges of biventricular torsion, peak systolic and diastolic TRs using magnetic resonance feature tracking (MR‐FT) technique based on a large sample of healthy adults, and further investigate their relationship with age and gender.Study TypeRetrospective.Population566 Healthy adults (312 males, aged 43 ± 10 years; 254 females, aged 43 ± 11 years).Field Strength/Sequence1.5T/gradient echo.AssessmentBiventricular torsion, peak systolic, and diastolic TRs.Statistical TestsShapiro–Wilk test, Student's t‐test, Mann–Whitney‐U test, linear regression, intraclass correlation coefficient, Bland–Altman analysis. Differences were regarded as statistically significant at P < 0.05.ResultsWomen demonstrated greater magnitudes of left ventricle (LV) torsion (1.23 ± 0.44 vs. 1.00 ± 0.42°/cm), peak systolic TR (9.69 ± 3.70 vs. 8.27 ± 3.73°/cm*sec), peak diastolic TR (−7.78 ± 2.82 vs. −6.06 ± 2.44°/cm*sec), and RV torsion (2.20 ± 1.23 vs. 1.65 ± 1.11°/cm*sec), peak systolic TR (16.07 ± 8.18 vs. 12.62 ± 7.08°/cm*sec), peak diastolic TR (−15.39 ± 6.53 vs. −11.70 ± 6.03°/cm*sec). For both genders, the magnitudes of LV and RV torsion, peak systolic, and diastolic TRs increased linearly with age. All the measurements of biventricular torsion, peak systolic and diastolic TRs achieved good to excellent intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility, with all intraclass correlation coefficients >0.70.Data ConclusionThe present study systematically provided age‐ and sex‐stratified reference values for LV and RV torsion and TRs using MR‐FT technique. Women and aging are associated with greater magnitudes of biventricular torsion, peak systolic, and diastolic TRs.Level of Evidence3Technical EfficacyStage 2