bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary genomics of three agricultural pest moths reveals rapid evolution of host adaptation and immune-related genes
Authors: Weng Yi-Ming , Shashank Pathour R , Godfrey R Keating , Plotkin David , Parker Brandon M , Wist Tyler , Kawahara Akito Y 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Understanding the genotype of pest species provides an important baseline for designing integrated pest management (IPM) strategies. Recently developed long-read sequence technologies make it possible to compare genomic features of nonmodel pest species to disclose the evolutionary path underlying the pest species profiles. Here we sequenced and assembled genomes for 3 agricultural pest gelechiid moths: Phthorimaea absoluta (tomato leafminer), Keiferia lycopersicella (tomato pinworm), and Scrobipalpa atriplicella (goosefoot groundling moth). We also compared genomes of tomato leafminer and tomato pinworm with published genomes of Phthorimaea operculella and Pectinophora gossypiella to investigate the gene family evolution related to the pest species profiles.

Results
We found that the 3 solanaceous feeding species, P. absoluta, K. lycopersicella, and P. operculella, are clustered together. Gene family evolution analyses with the 4 species show clear gene family expansions on host plant–associated genes for the 3 solanaceous feeding species. These genes are involved in host compound sensing (e.g., gustatory receptors), detoxification (e.g., ABC transporter C family, cytochrome P450, glucose-methanol-choline oxidoreductase, insect cuticle proteins, and UDP-glucuronosyl), and digestion (e.g., serine proteases and peptidase family S1). A gene ontology enrichment analysis of rapid evolving genes also suggests enriched functions in host sensing and immunity.

Conclusions
Our results of family evolution analyses indicate that host plant adaptation and pathogen defense could be important drivers in species diversification among gelechiid moths.
Burau Representation of Braid Groups andq-Rationals
Authors: Morier-Genoud Sophie , Ovsienko Valentin , Veselov Alexander P 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe establish a link between the new theory of $q$-deformed rational numbers and the classical Burau representation of the braid group ${\mathcal {B}}_{3}$. We apply this link to the open problem of classification of faithful complex specializations of this representation. As a result we provide an answer to this problem in terms of the singular set of the $q$-rationals and prove the faithfulness of the Burau representation specialized at complex $t\in {\mathbb {C}}^{*}$ outside the annulus $3-2\sqrt 2 \leq |t| \leq 3+2\sqrt 2.$
Palliative management of a malignant tracheoesophageal fistula using repeat endobronchial laser debridement and esophageal stenting
Authors: Berger Geraint , French Daniel 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A 71-year-old female presented with progressive dysphagia and unexplained weight loss. Computed tomography and esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) revealed invasive esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, which was initially treated with local radiation and esophageal stenting. Over the next year, the patient experienced multiple symptoms and hospital admissions consistent with a malignant tracheoesophageal fistula, despite negative findings on imaging, bronchoscopy, and EGD. Prophylactic antibiotics were initiated based on symptomatology to prevent septic episodes. Stent erosion into the membranous trachea was eventually observed. Neodymium-yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser bronchoscopy was used periodically to debulk the invading tumor around the stent. A percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube was also inserted to facilitate enteral nutrition and avoid aspiration pneumonia. The patient reported significant improvements in respiratory symptoms following each laser debridement and has progressed well beyond the life expectancy associated with malignant tracheoesophageal fistula.
Small bowel fistula with colorectal cancer and mesenteric lymph node metastasis: a report of two cases
Authors: Ishiyama Yasuhiro , Ito Misato , Akuta Sohei , Yoshizawa Masatoshi , Yamato Misuzu , Tanaka Hiroto , Fujii Takatsugu , Okazaki Naoto , Hiranuma Chikashi , Deguchi Katsuya , Hirano Yasumitsu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A 65-year-old man presented to our hospital with complaints of diarrhea. Computed tomography showed a fistula with the small intestine, and a single incision laparoscopic low anterior resection for rectum with D3 dissection and partial resection of the small intestine were performed. Lymph node dissection, including a part of the inflow vessel area, was also performed because lymph node swelling was observed in the mesentery of the small intestine around the fistula. Histopathological analysis revealed that the lymph nodes in the small intestine were positive for metastasis. The patient was a 61-year-old woman who presented to our hospital with a chief complaint of diarrhea. A partial resection of the small intestine, including resection of the left hemicolectomy and lymph node dissection around the fistula, was performed at laparotomy. Histopathological examination revealed numerous lymph node metastases in the small intestinal mesentery.
The Thoraflex hybrid approach using a zone 0 proximal landing site for first-stage elective treatment of a thoracoabdominal aneurysm
Authors: Ravishankar Ramanish , Singh Sanjeet Avtaar , Giordano Vincenzo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A 67-year-old woman was referred to the cardiothoracic outpatient clinic with a long-standing asymptomatic type 2 thoracoabdominal aneurysm. Her CT aorta showed extensive disease in the distal arch with no safe landing zone for total endovascular aneurysm repair (TEVAR). An acute bend preceding the descending aorta also made using a conventional elephant trunk challenging. A multi-disciplinary team decision was made to perform an aortic arch replacement using a frozen elephant trunk at zone 0. Utilizing a zone 0 approach in an elective case can result in quicker organ perfusion and successful TEVAR if necessary.
Transient portal venous gas secondary to acute gastric dilatation
Authors: Koh Shern Wai , Bath Michael F , Nair Manoj 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A female patient in her 60s with a history of Parkinson’s disease developed epigastric and retrosternal chest pain, with associated vomiting. On examination, she had a distended abdomen with no focal peritonism. A computed tomography (CT) pulmonary angiogram was organized, which demonstrated no evidence of pulmonary emboli, but an incidental finding of gas within the liver peripheries and gastric fundal wall. A plain film abdominal radiograph demonstrated a significantly distended stomach. Thus, acute gastric dilatation was diagnosed. A nasogastric tube was introduced and intravenous fluids were given promptly. An urgent CT scan of abdomen and pelvis with intravenous contrast demonstrated interval reduction with only minor residual gas evident within the left lobe of the liver and gastric fundal wall. We report the case of transient portal venous gas, secondary to acute gastric dilatation, most likely caused by a combination of opioid analgesia and gastric dysmotility from Parkinson’s disease.
Reaming for Tibiotalocalcaneal (TTC) Nailing Removes Only 10% of the Ankle and Subtalar Joints
Authors: Baker James D. , Schroeder Paul , Kimbler Tyra , Huh Jeannie 
Published: January 2024

OBJECTIVES:
Tibiotalocalcaneal (TTC) nailing in the setting of acute ankle trauma has become increasingly popular. No consensus exists as to whether formal joint preparation is necessary, although there is some concern that residual motion at unprepared joints may lead to implant loosening and/or breakage. The objective of this study was to quantify the proportion of tibiotalar and subtalar articular surface destruction that occurs during reaming for TTC nail fixation.

METHODS:
Twelve cadaver lower extremities were procured. The specimens were pinned into neutral ankle and hindfoot alignment. A guide wire was inserted under fluoroscopy, followed by a 12 millimeter opening reamer. The specimens were then dissected, exposing the tibial plafond, talar dome, posterior facet of the talus, and posterior facet of the calcaneus. Images of each joint were obtained and ImageJ software was used to calculate the total joint surface area and the area of articular destruction.

RESULTS:
The mean proportion of articular cartilage destruction was 9.3%, 10.3%, 8.9%, and 10.3% for the tibial plafond, talar dome, posterior facets of the talus and calcaneus, respectively. No joint destruction was observed in the middle facets of the subtalar joint.

CONCLUSIONS:
Reaming for TTC nail placement violates approximately 10% of each articular surface of the tibiotalar and subtalar joints. Retention of 90% of the articular surface may allow for residual motion at the joints, and therefore, potentially substantial stress on the implant. Formal joint preparation for the purposes of achieving fusion during TTC nail placement may be beneficial to prevent implant loosening or breakage.
Long-term Complications of Laparoscopic or Robotic Lateral Pelvic Node Dissection After Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
Authors: Kim Hye Jin , Choi Gyu-Seog , Park Jun Seok , Park Soo Yeun , Song Seung Ho , Lee Sung Min , Jeong Min Hye , Cho Seung Hyun 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:
Rectal cancer patients who underwent lateral pelvic node dissection might be at higher risk of postoperative complications derived from technical complexity. However, little is known about the long-term complications after lateral pelvic node dissection.

OBJECTIVES:
To investigate the long-term complications of preoperative chemoradiotherapy, followed by total mesorectal excision with lateral pelvic node dissection for locally advanced rectal cancer.

DESIGN:
A retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database.

SETTINGS:
This study was conducted in a tertiary cancer center.

PATIENTS:
Rectal cancer patients who underwent total mesorectal excision with lateral pelvic node dissection after preoperative chemoradiotherapy between 2011 and 2019 were analyzed. All operations were performed via a laparoscopic or robotic approach.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Long-term complications were defined as adverse events that persisted or newly appeared ≥90 days after surgery and could be related to the surgery.

RESULTS:
A total of 164 patients underwent total mesorectal excision with lateral pelvic node dissection after preoperative chemoradiotherapy. Short- and long-term complication rates were 36.0% and 36.6%, respectively. Lymphocele was the most common long-term complication (17.7% of patients), and 11.6% had anastomotic leakage with chronic sinus. Of the patients with long-term complications, 20.7% of patients needed readmission for treatment. Of 29 patients with lymphocele, 13 (41.0%) experienced spontaneous absorption, and 11 (37.9%) required surgical or percutaneous catheter drainage or antibiotics use. Multivariate analysis showed pathologic pelvic node metastases (p = 0.008) and a higher number of unilateral harvested pelvic nodes (p = 0.001) were significantly associated with long-term complications. At the last follow-up (median duration of 43 months), 15.9% of patients had unresolved complications.

LIMITATION:
The retrospective design.

CONCLUSIONS:
Patients undergoing lateral pelvic node dissection experienced a higher frequency of long-term complications, but half of them had asymptomatic lymphoceles, most of which resolved spontaneously. However, further efforts should be paid to reduce anticipated complications related to lateral pelvic node dissection. See Video Abstract.
Prognostic value of home versus ambulatory blood pressure monitoring: a systematic review and meta-analysis of outcome studies
Authors: Kollias Anastasios , Kyriakoulis Konstantinos G. , Komnianou Aikaterini , Stathopoulou Panagiota , Stergiou George S. 
Published: January 2024

Objectives:
Ambulatory (ABP) and self-home blood pressure (HBP) measurements are known to be superior to office blood pressure (OBP) measurements in predicting cardiovascular events. Whether ABP has superior prognostic ability than HBP, or the reverse, has not been adequately investigated.

Methods:
A systematic literature search was conducted to identify outcome studies investigating HBP and ABP in the same population. A meta-analysis was conducted to calculate the pooled measure of risk regarding the primary endpoint of each study for each method. Primary analysis included the comparison of pooled estimates of HBP versus 24 h ABP.

Results:
Among 2587 articles retrieved, 6 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis of five studies (n = 4439, weighted age 57 years, men 52%, hypertension 68%, diabetes 15%, cardiovascular disease 11%) indicated pooled hazard ratio per 10 mmHg increase in systolic HBP 1.36 (95% CI 1.23–1.50) and in 24 h ABP 1.38 (1.22–1.57) for the primary endpoint of each study (z-test P = NS). Meta-analysis of five studies (n = 4497, weighted age 58 years, men 51%, hypertension 65%, diabetes 15%, cardiovascular disease 9%) indicated pooled hazard ratio per 10 mmHg increase in systolic HBP 1.29 (1.14–1.47), daytime ABP 1.30 (1.15–1.46) and nighttime ABP 1.31 (1.14–1.50) (z-test, P = NS). Data for DBP were similar. All studies were deemed to have low risk of bias. In studies comparing all the three methods, OBP provided the lowest hazard ratio.

Conclusion:
This meta-analysis of the available prospective outcome studies suggested that HBP and ABP have similar ability in predicting outcome and superior to OBP.
University Sexual and Gender-Based Violence Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Duma Sinegugu , Compton Sarah , Akinyemi Akanni , Randa Moreoagae Bertha , Owusu-Antwi Ruth , David Darlington S. , Chamisa Judith , Kamusoko Sibongile , Darteh Eugene Kofour Maafo , Morenkeji Fiyinfoluwa , Mott Jackson , Bauer Sydney , Dickson Kwamena Sekyi , Munro-Kramer Michelle 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Aims
Addressing sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) in educational settings across the globe, particularly in institutions of higher education, requires strong institutional framework and policy guidelines. Most research about university SGBV policies has focused on high-income countries with little or no recourse to universities in low- and middle-income countries. This policy analysis aims to analyze existing policies related to SGBV from select sub-Saharan African universities to provide guidance on best practices toward addressing SGBV at universities in Africa.

Methods
Seven university policies and six national policies from six countries across sub-Saharan Africa (Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, and Zimbabwe) were reviewed using a standardized data extraction form. The policy analysis identified eight key elements of policies related to SGBV for sub-Saharan African universities, which were verified using a nominal group technique with five international experts in the field.

Results
Overall, policies varied significantly in accessibility, terminology, definitions, format, and inclusivity across the sites. Some of the policies were not readily accessible, and there was limited evidence provided in some of the policy documents.

Conclusions
Policies for universities in sub-Saharan Africa should (a) be evidence based, (b) be readily available in multiple formats, (c) define key terms broadly with gendered signifiers, (d) be succinct and concise, (e) incorporate broad definitions for all university stakeholders, (f) identify who created the policy and when, (g) address prevention, and (h) address response. Evidence-based policies addressing SGBV prevention, response, and justice are sorely needed at universities across the globe.
Comparing the Demographic Characteristics of Victims of Sexual Assault in Rural Versus Urban Areas
Authors: Salt Elizabeth , Erickson Isabella , Wiggins Amanda T. , Borders Tyrone , Curtsinger Cynthia , Wallace Angela , Rayens Mary Kay 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
In 2019, over 459,000 persons in the United States survived sexual assault, and 21%–26% sought medical treatment. Ideally, trained medical professionals who understand the unique physical and mental health needs of this patient population, such as forensic nurses, would provide care. Yet, the care that forensic nurses and other healthcare providers can offer to sexual violence/abuse survivors is hindered by the lack of understanding of the demographics of those who seek care. With the delineation of highly affected demographic groups, barriers to care can be addressed.

Purpose
This study compared rates, demographic characteristics, acuity, and codes for sexual violence/abuse encounters experienced by those patients residing in rural versus urban counties of Kentucky (KY). This included encounters before and after SARS-CoV-2.

Methods
Deidentified claims data were extracted for patient encounters billed with the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification for sexual violence/abuse seen at a university healthcare center serving the Northeastern, Southeastern, and Central regions of KY from October 2015 to February 2021. Analysis comprised descriptive statistics, independent samples t tests, and chi-square tests of association.

Results
Significant demographic differences were identified between the two groups. The mean age of those residing in rural areas was significantly younger than those living in urban areas. Similarly, the percentage of male survivors was significantly higher in the rural population. The racial composition also differed, with higher percentages of survivors being Black and Hispanic in the urban population, relative to rural dwellers.

Conclusion
Findings suggest that rural youth (especially boys aged 10 years and younger) and urban minorities are at a higher risk for sexual violence/abuse in KY when compared with their counterparts (i.e., urban youth and rural minorities).
Development of Diagnostic Quality Metrics for Prosthetic Joint Infection
Authors: Miller Andy O. , Carli Alberto V. , Chin Amy , Chee Diana , Simon Sam , MacLean Catherine H. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Although well-accepted clinical practice guidelines exist for the diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection (PJI), little is known about the quality of diagnosis for PJI. The identification of quality gaps in the diagnosis of PJI would facilitate the development of care structures and processes to shorten time to diagnosis and reduce the significant morbidity, mortality, and economic burden associated with this condition. Hence, we sought to develop valid clinical quality measures to improve the timeliness and accuracy of PJI diagnosis. We convened a nine-member multidisciplinary national panel of PJI experts including orthopedic surgeons, infectious disease specialists, an emergency medicine physician, and a patient previously treated for PJI to review, discuss, and rate the validity of proposed measures using a modification of the RAND-UCLA appropriateness method. In total, 57 permutations of six proposed measures were rated. Populations considered to be at high enough risk for PJI that certain care processes should always be performed were identified by the panel. Among the proposed quality measures, the panel rated five as valid. These novel clinical quality measures could provide insight into care gaps in the diagnosis of PJI.
A Decision-Making Tool for Prescribing Insoles in Daily Practice Using an Insole Prescription Form
Authors: Tedeschi Roberto , Labanca Luciana , Platano Daniela , Benedetti Maria Grazia 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Plantar orthoses are widely used in the prevention and treatment of foot and lower-limb disorders. Plantar orthoses can generally be classified as prefabricated devices; however, many prefabricated devices can be customized. Customized orthotic insoles are usually prescribed with the goal of improving foot function. However, evidence that customized orthoses modify foot function in a predictable and dose-responsive manner is limited, and there is currently no consensus on how orthoses should be prescribed. Consequently, a high variability in orthotic prescriptions by physicians is observed. The aim of this study is to propose an orthotic insole prescription form (INSPECTOR) that is clear, easy, and replicable by all professionals involved.

Methods
All known clinical assessments and tests with high sensitivity and specificity indices, positive and negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio were included in the form.

Result
The result of this study is a form that guides the clinician step by step toward an appropriate and correct foot prescription.

Conclusions
INSPECTOR has several potential advantages; it is a step-by-step guide for the physician, starting with basic tasks such as anamnesis, functional prognosis, and prescription of the foot orthosis, and ending with the choice of the target area for the foot orthosis and the material to be used. The module lists scientifically validated and internationally recognized tests, making it understandable by professionals in all countries. Finally, it can reduce the differences between prescribed and finished orthopedic insoles, thus avoiding wasting money or material on reconstruction or construction.

Clinical Relevance
INSPECTOR is a step-by-step guide for the clinician to make out an orthotic prescription starting from anamnesis, functional prognosis, foot orthotic prescription, up to the exact identification of the area where the modification is to be applied.
Unraveling the genome: Familial Mediterranean fever
Authors: Koehler Alexandra W. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an inherited, autoinflammatory disease with a high prevalence in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean populations including Turks, Iranian, Spanish, Sephardic Jews, Arabs, and other Mediterranean ethnic groups. Autoinflammatory diseases are genetically predetermined disorders with multisystem effects primarily caused by defects in innate immunity. Although primarily known for an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance, there are increasing case reports associated with single Mediterranean fever (MEFV) mutation or dominant transmission. There have been over 300 variants identified in the MEFV gene; however, roughly 9–11 variants are responsible for the phenotypical expression seen with FMF. Symptoms include recurrent episodes of fever of unknown origin, abdominal, chest, or joint pain because of serosal inflammation. Persistent elevations in serum amyloid A can lead to complications like renal amyloidosis, kidney dysfunction, and end-stage kidney disease. Familial Mediterranean fever is diagnosed clinically using the Tel-Hashomer criteria and confirmed through genetic testing. Treatment includes initiation of colchicine with the goal of stopping attacks and preventing renal dysfunction and end-stage kidney disease. Genetic testing helps to identify the specific mutation allowing the provider to create a patient-specific treatment plan, monitor for complications such as renal amyloidosis, and enhance knowledge on the genetic heterogeneity and possible epigenetic factors.