bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thymidine phosphorylase expression in tumour cells and tumour response to capecitabine plus docetaxel chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Han J-Y , Hong E K , Lee S Y , Yoon S M , Lee D H , Lee J S 
Published: May 2005

Background:Thymidine phosphorylase (TP) is the key enzyme for capecitabine activation in tumour cells.Aims:To examine whether TP expression in tumour cells and stroma is predictive of the tumour response to capecitabine plus docetaxel chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods:Tumour samples were available from 30 of 39 patients enrolled in a previous phase II study of capecitabine/docetaxel chemotherapy in patients with advanced NSCLC. Stromal and tumour cell TP expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibody PD-ECGF.Results:High tumour cell TP expression was found in 13 of 30 cases and was negatively associated with stromal TP expression (p = 0.000). High stromal TP expression was found in 16 of 28 cases and was strongly associated with intense macrophage infiltration (p = 0.002), suggesting that macrophages are the major component of TP expression in the stroma. Tumour response to capecitabine/docetaxel was significantly associated with high tumour cell TP expression (p = 0.004) and low stromal TP expression (p = 0.009). Moreover, high tumour cell TP expression was significantly associated with severe hand–foot syndrome, a toxic side effect of capecitabine (p = 0.01). Improved survival was seen for high tumour cell and low stromal TP expression, although results were not significant (p = 0.6 and 0.3, respectively).Conclusions:In advanced NSCLC, TP expression in tumour cells and stroma is associated with tumour response to capecitabine/docetaxel chemotherapy, and might be a useful predictor of tumour response to capecitabine based chemotherapy. A large scale prospective study is needed to confirm the prognostic significance of TP expression in NSCLC.
Association between tumour characteristics and HER-2/neu by immunohistochemistry in 1362 women with primary operable breast cancer
Authors: Huang H J , Neven P , Drijkoningen M , Paridaens R , Wildiers H , Van Limbergen E , Berteloot P , Amant F , Vergote I , Christiaens M R 
Published: May 2005

Aims:To investigate the association between tumour characteristics and HER-2/neu by immunohistochemistry in primary operable breast cancer.Methods:The association between HER-2/neu and other clinicopathological factors was evaluated in 1362 consecutive patients with primary breast cancer treated between 2000 and July 2003 in one centre. Microscopic tumour size, tumour grade, lymph node status, patient’s age, oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and joint ER/PR status were evaluated, using the χ2test for univariate analysis and logistic regression for multivariate analysis. The hormone receptors and HER-2/neu were studied immunohistochemically. Using the HER-2/neu DAKO scoring system, scores of 0, 1+, or 2+ were defined as negative and 3+ as positive. Data for DAKO scores 2+/3+ versus 0/1+ are also presented.Results:Hormone receptor negative breast cancers were more often HER-2/neu positive than hormone receptor positive cancers, both for ER (28.7%v6.8%) and PR (19.9%v5.9%). In multivariate analysis, both ER, PR, and tumour grade were independently associated with HER-2/neu. In ER+tumours, HER-2/neu overexpression was significantly lower in PR+than in PR−cases (11.5%v5.4%). HER-2/neu overexpression (2.7%) was lowest in the large subgroup of ER+PR+tumours with low tumour grade (grade 1–2), comprising 46.1% of all patients.Conclusions:ER, PR, and tumour grade are independent predictors for HER-2/neu overexpression in women with primary operable breast cancer. ER and PR are negatively associated with HER-2/neu, whereas tumour grade is positively associated with HER-2/neu. In women with ER+tumours, PR status also affects the likelihood of HER-2/neu expression.
KSHV/HHV-8 associated Kaposi’s sarcoma in lymph nodes concurrent with Epstein-Barr virus associated Hodgkin lymphoma: Figure 1
Authors: Carbone A 
Published: May 2005

Background:The unusual occurrence of a metastatic Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) in a lymph node affected by Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) was originally reported when knowledge of the specific virological features of these tumours was lacking.Aim:To re-evaluate this case by assessing whether the simultaneous presence of the two tumours was linked with common aetiopathogenetic factors.Methods:The presence of EBV was investigated by in situ hybridisation, whereas KS associated herpesvirus (KSHV)/human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) was detected by immunohistochemistry. Both viruses were analysed in the case reported, in 30 lymph nodes from patients with classic HL, and in 22 skin biopsies from patients with KS.Results:Consistent with the findings in the HL and KS cases analysed, in the case showing features of both HL and KS in the same lymph node, EBV was detectable only in Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells, but not in KS spindle cells, whereas KSHV/HHV-8 was detectable only in KS spindle cells, and not in RS cells.Conclusion:It is probable that the development of KS and HL was related to two independent aetiological cofactors—KSHV/HHV-8 and EBV, respectively—and that the occurrence of the two malignancies in the same patient was merely fortuitous.
A population based seroepidemiological survey ofChlamydia pneumoniaeinfections in schoolchildren
Authors: Dal Molin G , Longo B , Not T , Poli A , Campello C 
Published: May 2005

Aim:A serosurvey was carried out in schoolchildren from a northeastern area of Italy to define the burden ofChlamydia pneumoniaeinfection.Methods:A sample of 649 schoolchildren underwent a simplified version of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire and IgG and IgA antibodies were investigated using an enzyme immunoassay, followed by a microimmunofluorescence assay in reactive sera.Results:Of the children examined, 29% and 19.7% had IgG and IgA antibodies, respectively. The IgG prevalence increased with age. No other sociodemographical variable was related toC pneumoniaeinfection. An association was established between IgA prevalence and previous otitis media.Conclusions:A mesoendemic (intermediate between high and low endemic level) pattern ofC pneumoniaeinfection is present in schoolchildren from this area and the prevalence rate is related to age. Moreover, this is the first epidemiological evidence of the role ofC pneumoniaein otitis.
Ultrastructural study of the extra-articular Leeds-Keio ligament prosthesis
Authors: Nomura E , Inoue M , Sugiura H 
Published: May 2005

Background:There have been several histological studies of the Leeds-Keio ligament in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, but there have been few of the Leeds-Keio ligament in the extra-articular portion.Aims/Methods:To report the histological and ultrastructural findings of two cases of medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction using the Leeds-Keio ligament, removed 6.1 years and 8.7 years after implantation.Results:In both cases, the tissue over the Leeds-Keio ligament was a ligament-like tissue. Electron microscopy showed that the diameter of the collagen fibrils in the tissue over the Leeds-Keio ligament was unimodal in the case investigated 6.1 years after implantation but bimodal in the case investigated after 8.7 years.Conclusions:The tissue over the Leeds-Keio ligament may continue to grow with prolonged periods of mechanical stress.
The impact of the cigarette market opening in Taiwan
Authors: Wen C P , Cheng T Y , Eriksen M P , Tsai S P , Hsu C C 
Published: May 2005

Objective:To assess the effect of the opening of the Taiwanese cigarette market on cigarette consumption, changes in market share, and the effects on tobacco control efforts.Methods:With the use of key word “Taiwan”, the Legacy Tobacco Documents Library of the University of California, San Francisco, was searched for internal documents related to smuggling activities, promotion of light cigarettes, and market share analyses in Taiwan. Age adjusted smoking rates and cigarette and betel quid consumption before and after market opening were compared.Results:By 2000, the market share of imported cigarettes increased from less than 2% in 1986 to nearly 50%, and per capita cigarette consumption increased 15% following market opening. Because of the sharp increase in smuggling, with contraband cigarettes being as popular as legal imports, and the rapid proliferation of retail outlets, such as betel quid stalls, the market penetration by foreign tobacco companies was greater in Taiwan than among the other Super 301 Asian countries. Aggressive cigarette marketing strategies were associated with a 6% increase in adult male smoking prevalence, and with a 13% increase in the youth rate, within three years after market opening. The market opening also had an incidental effect on increasing the popularity of betel quid. Betel quid chewing has since become a major public health problem in Taiwan.Conclusion:The opening of the cigarette market in 1987 had a long lasting impact on Taiwan. It increased smoking prevalence and the market has become dominated by foreign companies. The seriousness of smuggling and its associated loss of revenue by the government, the extent of increased youth smoking and its associated future health care costs, and the increased use of betel quid and the associated doubling of oral cancer mortality rates each pose significant problems to Taiwan. However, the market opening galvanised anti-smoking sentiment and forced the government to initiate and intensify a series of tobacco control efforts.
Time Remembered
Authors: Sills Helen 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe human brain is capable of experiencing highly complex auditory imagery. Musicians find it valuable to mentally rehearse the auditory image of a piece of music, in the absence of the orchestra or instrument, to help perfect their actual physical performance of it. For this, the auditory image must first be founded on a perfect memory of all the work's musical aspects, and then 'lived- through &#160;in a very finely-judged realisation of its movement in time, so that all its precision or expressive flexibility of tempo and qualities of meaning are fully released.<br /><br />Two neural processes shed light on the trained musician's ability to reproduce the duration of a mental rehearsal with great accuracy: the generation of firing patterns searching for pattern and symmetry, and the coherence behaviour of music processing units in the higher wave-bands. In the light of these two processes, I comment on the experience of mentally rehearsing 'Prélude á L'Aprés-midi d'un Faune', and 'Symphonies of Wind Instruments', and on the organising relationships which heighten the temporal aspects to produce a strong auditory form.
Times on the Wall: An Analysis of a Traditional Turkish Calendar
Authors: Yakýn Aslý Yazýcý 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThis essay analyses a wall calendar called "Saatli Maarif Takvimi" which creates a domesticated temporality. It reconstructs the relation of Turkish society with its past while reflecting three separate time experiences. The first one is linear time. The other is cyclical time found on the daily pages of the calendar where there are references to farming and agriculture. The third and most exceptional time concept discloses itself via a definition on the background and in the physical form of the calendar. It is a time that does not flow, called vakit in Islamic mysticism, and is based on spatiality.
Fictive Time - Bachelard on Memory, Duration and Consciousness
Authors: Russell Conrad 
Published: May 2005

AbstractI am concerned here with an analysis of time and memory as human creations. Drawing on the work of Bachelard, but also on Guyau and Janet, I argue that time and memory can be thought of as "fictive", as a work of human imagination and creativity. Temporal rhythms are not simple repetitions, but acts of will, marked by an attempt to perfect earlier repetitions. Memory is not simply a photographic record of the past accessed by intuition, but rather a cinematic act of narration. Time is a human creative act, as is the self, with which it is closely bound up. The very nature of reasoning and of our engagement with the world, imply that both time and the self are discontinuous and open. Thought and creation involve negations and ruptures. As such, Bachelardian time is at odds with Bergsonian duration. This paper follows Bachelard as he develops his own understanding of time and memory through a "subversive" critique of Bergson's thought.
Buddhist Modernism and the Rhetoric of Meditative Experience
Authors: Sharf Robert 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe category “experience” has played a cardinal role in modern studies of buddhism. Few scholars seem to question the notion that Buddhist monastic practice, particularly meditation, is intended first and foremost to inculcate specific religious or “mystical” experiences in the minds of practitioners. Accordingly, a wide variety of Buddhist technical terms pertaining to the “stages on the path” are subject to a phenomenological hermeneutic—they are interpreted as if they designated discrete “states of consciousness” experienced by historical individuals in the course of their meditative practice.
Religion, Law and the Construction of Identities
Authors: Fallers Sullivan Winnifred 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThis introduction sets the academic and historical context for the four articles that follow. It considers how the modern legal disestablishment of religion has changed both religion and law and the nature of the interaction between them. It further argues that there has been insufficient academic attention given to the effect of disestablishment on both religion and the discourse about religion in modern secular society.
Conflicts of Law: Reconsidering the Influence of Religion on Law in Massachusetts Bay
Authors: Dale Elizabeth 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe idea that there were different points of view in seventeenth century Massachusetts Bay is not a new one. Several recent studies have undermined Perry Miller's monolithic “Puritan Mind”—demonstrating there were many strands of thought even among the nominally orthodox, and suggesting that we think of the settlers in New England as members of a movement with many ideas, rather than holders of a single point of view.While the idea that there were divisions within the category of Puritan is not a new one, the extent to which that ideological pluralism had a practical impact on the Bay colony's institutions, from its families to its governing system, has not yet been explored. This paper is a preliminary effort to demonstrate how ideological pluralism led to different conceptions of law, and had a practical effect on the legal system developed in the first generation of settlement in Massachusetts Bay.
Competing Theories of Religion and Law in the Supreme Court of the United States: An Hasidic Case
Authors: Fallers Sullivan Winnifred 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe meaning and application of the religion clauses of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution are currently a matter of intense and increasingly intractable public debate. The academic study of religion can make a positive contribution to this debate by inviting its participants into a conversation about human religion that is already struggling with problems of definition and of language and that wishes to affirm the existence and importance of human religion without establishing a particular definition of religion, without unconsciously theologizing. A close examination of the legal debate can, in turn, serve the purposes of scholars of religion. The politically charged context of First Amendment jurisprudence provides an interesting laboratory in which to test theories of religion.
The Revival of Mexican Religions: The Impact of Nativism
Authors: Torres Yolotl González 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAbout thirty years ago, there was a deep transformation in Mexican society due, among other things, to the introduction of capitalist technologies and a geographical mobility of population which generated a generalized social crisis which allowed the massive penetration and proliferation of religious movements in Mexico. These were mainly Protestant in its different versions as well as groups of Eastern origins. Somewhat, as a counterpart movement, the “Mexicanidad”-Mexicaness, started to increase in popularity. The “Mexicanidad” is formed by three main groups which differentiate in many aspects, but have as their common goal the restoration of Mexico as the spiritual center of the world. We try to analyze the three different groups and its associations with each other.
Appendice
Authors: Cahen Claude 
Published: May 2005

AbstractClaude Cahen a rédigé ce compte-rendu de l'ouvrage De la connaissance historique publié en 1955 par Henri-Irénée Marrou. Il l'a proposé à la revue Esprit dirigée alors par Jean-Marie Domenach. La rédaction d'Esprit ne semble pas avoir donné suite, car on lit, de la main de Claude Cahen, sur le texte dactylographié et resté inédit: «Envoyé à Esprit en février 1955. Pas de réaction.»
Préface à la Réimpression de sa Thèse par Claude Cahen
Authors: Cahen Claude 
Published: May 2005

AbstractEn 1981, Claude Cahen avait accepté de voir sa thèse rééditée et avait rédigé une préface qui a été retrouvée dans ses papiers. Ce projet a néanmoins échoué, dans la mesure où la maison Geuthner était en réalité détentrice du copyright et refusa alors de le céder.
First record of female of Ilybius wewalkai (Fery & Nilsson, 1993) (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae) from Turkey
Authors: Erman Ömer Köksal 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe female of Ilybius wewalkai has been found in Turkey at two new sites for this species, previously known only as males from the type locality. The identification of this species is reviewed.
Breeding patterns and demography of a population of the Cabrera vole, Microtus cabrerae
Authors: Fernández-Salvador Rosa , Ventura Jacint , García-Perea Rosa 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
A population of the Iberian endemic rodent, Cabrera vole Microtus cabrerae Thomas, 1906, was monitored from April 1997 to April 1999 in monthly trapping sessions. Results suggest that low rainfall combined with high temperatures is a limiting factor for reproduction in this population. Population density (17-115 ind/ha) was lower than values recorded for most Microtus species, and similar to those recorded for certain species living in atypical habitats or for non-cyclic microtines. The total value of recruitment (55.8%) was lower than for other Microtus, attributable to the weather, litter size, monogamy, and territoriality. Persistence and residency were higher than in other species of Microtus; such values in M. cabrerae could be due to its slower rate of renewal, characteristic of the K-strategy of reproduction. Habitat patch size correlated with reproductive variables, but not with presence/absence of individuals. The minimum area to consider a patch as a source was 300 m2; smaller patches showed non-continuous occupation, lower number of breeding pairs, and scarce number of young born. Habitat fragmentation at the local level, in addition to human activities in rural areas, may worsen the effects of climatic fluctuations in Cabrera vole habitats, leading to a decrease of patch size and therefore of the ability to sustain populations.
Effects of a Spectral Surface Reflectance on Measurements of Backscattered Solar Radiation: Application to the MOPITT Methane Retrieval
Authors: Pfister G. , Gille J. C. , Ziskin D. , Francis G. , Edwards D. P. , Deeter M. N. , Abbott E. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe amount of solar radiation emerging from the top of the atmosphere is strongly influenced by the reflectance of the underlying surface. For this reason, some information about the magnitude and the spectral variability of the surface reflectance typically has to be included in the retrieval of atmospheric parameters from reflected solar radiation measurements. Sufficient information about the surface reflectance properties is rarely available, and the integration of this effect in the retrieval might turn out to be a challenge, especially for broadband instruments. In this paper the focus is on the Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) remote sensing instrument. Theoretical studies are performed to investigate how a spectrally varying surface reflectance might impact the retrieval of the total column amount of methane from MOPITT radiance measurements, and the current findings are compared to observed biases. However, the findings present herein might be valuable and applicable for other remote sensing instruments that are sensitive to the amount of solar radiation reflected from the earth’s surface.
A Modified Beam-to-Earth Transformation to Measure Short-Wavelength Internal Waves with an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler
Authors: Scotti A. , Butman B. , Beardsley R. C. , Alexander P. Soupy , Anderson S. 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
The algorithm used to transform velocity signals from beam coordinates to earth coordinates in an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) relies on the assumption that the currents are uniform over the horizontal distance separating the beams. This condition may be violated by (nonlinear) internal waves, which can have wavelengths as small as 100–200 m. In this case, the standard algorithm combines velocities measured at different phases of a wave and produces horizontal velocities that increasingly differ from true velocities with distance from the ADCP. Observations made in Massachusetts Bay show that currents measured with a bottom-mounted upward-looking ADCP during periods when short-wavelength internal waves are present differ significantly from currents measured by point current meters, except very close to the instrument. These periods are flagged with high error velocities by the standard ADCP algorithm. In this paper measurements from the four spatially diverging beams and the backscatter intensity signal are used to calculate the propagation direction and celerity of the internal waves. Once this information is known, a modified beam-to-earth transformation that combines appropriately lagged beam measurements can be used to obtain current estimates in earth coordinates that compare well with pointwise measurements.