bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adherence to subcutaneous interferon beta-1a treatment among patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis: the MAIN-MS study
Authors: Al-Roughani Raed , Zakaria Magd , Cupler Edward J. , Taha Karim 
Published: November 2023

Introduction and backgroundAdherence is a critical factor for optimal clinical outcomes in multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment. This study investigated the adherence and clinical outcomes of MS patients treated with subcutaneous (sc) interferon (IFN) (β)-1a, an established immunomodulatory treatment for relapsing MS. The benefits of a patient support programme (PSP) were also studied.MethodsThis phase-IV prospective, observational multicentre study enrolled patients with relapsing MS who were treated with sc IFN β-1a for 24 months was conducted at 53 centres across 17 countries. The primary endpoint was adherence to sc IFN β-1a treatment, as assessed using Morisky Green Levine Medication Adherence Scale (MGLS) scores at 24 months. The MGLS is a self-reported diagnostic tool to address medication non-adherence, with a score ranging from 0 to 4, with 0 representing high adherence, 1–2 representing medium adherence, and 3–4 representing low adherence. Other endpoints included time to study and treatment discontinuation over 24 months, the proportion of relapse-free patients, and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) progression (defined as ≥1.0 point increase sustained for 3 months) at 24 months. A subgroup analysis was performed for endpoints based on patients assigned to PSP (yes/no—PSP versus non-PSP subgroup).ResultsOf the 577 patients enrolled, 408 had evaluable MGLS scores at 24 months. A total of 336 (58.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 54.1–62.3%) patients reported high adherence, 57 (9.9%; 95% CIs: 7.6–12.7%) reported medium adherence, and 15 (2.6%; 95% CI: 1.5–4.3%) reported low adherence at 24 months. The PSP subgroup reported higher adherence (n = 206; 65.8%) than the non-PSP subgroup (n = 130; 56.5%). By 24 months, 52.2% of the patients were relapse-free and 17.2% patients experienced ≥1 relapse. Expanded Disability Status Scale progression was observed in 12.3% of patients. Over the 24-month period, 30.8% of the patients discontinued treatment, and the most common reasons for treatment discontinuation were adverse events (AEs, 10.4%), being lost to followup (7.1%), and a lack of efficacy (5.5%). Overall, 39.6% patients experienced ≥1 AE, which ranged from mild to moderate.ConclusionThe study demonstrated high adherence to sc IFN β-1a treatment with an added benefit of PSP participation. More than half of the patients remained relapse-free over a 24-month period. No new safety concerns to sc IFN β-1a treatment were observed.Clinical trial registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02921035, NCT02921035.
The Moralizing Effect: self-directed emotions and their impact on culpability attributions
Authors: Sirgiovanni Elisabetta , Smolenski Joanna , Abelson Ben , Webb Taylor 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionA general trend in the psychological literature suggests that guilt contributes to morality more than shame does. Unlike shame-prone individuals, guilt-prone individuals internalize the causality of negative events, attribute responsibility in the first person, and engage in responsible behavior. However, it is not known how guilt- and shame-proneness interact with the attribution of responsibility to others.MethodsIn two Web-based experiments, participants reported their attributions of moral culpability (i.e., responsibility, causality, punishment and decision-making) about morally ambiguous acts of killing in different conditions. In Study 1 the vignettes were presented in the 1st person, while in Study 2 in the 3rd person. To test proneness to guilt and shame, we utilized the GASP scale, which differentiates between the affective and behavioral components of each emotion. Statistical analyses were performed in Matlab and R.ResultsWe found that guilt- and shame-proneness were associated with the severity of attributions in both the first and the third person, but the effect was strong only in the guilt case (both subtypes) and shame-affect case, and not in the shame-behavior case. We call this the Moralizing Effect.DiscussionWe wonder whether our finding that guilt-prone people tend to attribute a higher degree of culpability to others is really consistent with the view that guilt motivates people to choose the “moral paths in life”. This echoes views about the harmful aspects of guilt, which have been expressed historically in philosophy, for example, by Friedrich Nietzsche.
Preliminary evaluation of the antiglycoxidant activity of verapamil using various in vitro and in silico biochemical/biophysical methods
Authors: Nesterowicz Miłosz , Lauko Kamil Klaudiusz , Dańkowska Karolina , Trocka Daria , Żendzian-Piotrowska Małgorzata , Ładny Jerzy Robert , Zalewska Anna , Maciejczyk Mateusz 
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Glycoxidative stress is essential for linking glucose disturbances and cardiovascular diseases. Unfortunately, contemporary antidiabetic drugs do not have an antiglycative effect but only lower blood glucose levels. Therefore, there is an intense search for substances that could inhibit protein glycation and prevent diabetic complications. A potential antioxidant activity has been demonstrated with verapamil, a phenylalkylamine derivative belonging to selective calcium channel blockers. Verapamil has a well-established position in cardiology due to its wide range of indications and good safety profile. Nevertheless, the antidiabetic activity of verapamil is still unclear. We are the first to comprehensively evaluate the verapamil’s effect on protein glycoxidation using various in vitro and in silico models.Methods: Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used to assess the rate of glycoxidation inhibition by verapamil. As glycating factors, sugars (glucose, fructose, and ribose) and aldehyde (glyoxal) were used. Chloramine T was used as an oxidizing agent. Aminoguanidine (protein glycation inhibitor) and Trolox (antioxidant) were used as control substances. The biomarkers of oxidation (total thiols, protein carbonyls, advanced oxidation protein products), glycation (Amadori products, β-amyloid, advanced glycation end products [AGEs]), and glycoxidation (tryptophan, kynurenine, N-formylkynurenine, dityrosine) were evaluated using colorimetric and fluorimetric methods. The mechanism of antiglycative activity of verapamil was assessed using in silico docking to study its interaction with BSA, glycosidases, and seventeen AGE pathway proteins.Results: In all in vitro models, biomarkers of protein glycation, oxidation, and glycoxidation were significantly ameliorated under the influence of verapamil. The glycoxidation inhibition rate by verapamil is comparable to that of potent antiglycating agents and antioxidants. The molecular docking simulations showed that verapamil bound preferentially to amino acids prone to glycoxidative damage out of an α-glucosidase’s active center. Among all AGE pathway proteins, verapamil was best docked with the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB).Discussion: The results of our study confirm the antiglycoxidant properties of verapamil. The drug’s action is comparable to recognized substances protecting against oxidative and glycation modifications. Verapamil may be particularly helpful in patients with cardiovascular disease and concomitant diabetes. Studies in animal models and humans are needed to confirm verapamil’s antiglycative/antidiabetic activity.
Modeling the influence of attitudes, trust, and beliefs on endoscopists’ acceptance of artificial intelligence applications in medical practice
Authors: Schulz Peter J. , Lwin May O. , Kee Kalya M. , Goh Wilson W. B. , Lam Thomas Y. T , Sung Joseph J. Y. 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionThe potential for deployment of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies in various fields of medicine is vast, yet acceptance of AI amongst clinicians has been patchy. This research therefore examines the role of antecedents, namely trust, attitude, and beliefs in driving AI acceptance in clinical practice.MethodsWe utilized online surveys to gather data from clinicians in the field of gastroenterology.ResultsA total of 164 participants responded to the survey. Participants had a mean age of 44.49 (SD = 9.65). Most participants were male (n = 116, 70.30%) and specialized in gastroenterology (n = 153, 92.73%). Based on the results collected, we proposed and tested a model of AI acceptance in medical practice. Our findings showed that while the proposed drivers had a positive impact on AI tools’ acceptance, not all effects were direct. Trust and belief were found to fully mediate the effects of attitude on AI acceptance by clinicians.DiscussionThe role of trust and beliefs as primary mediators of the acceptance of AI in medical practice suggest that these should be areas of focus in AI education, engagement and training. This has implications for how AI systems can gain greater clinician acceptance to engender greater trust and adoption amongst public health systems and professional networks which in turn would impact how populations interface with AI. Implications for policy and practice, as well as future research in this nascent field, are discussed.
Membership dropout rates and associated factors in a community-based health insurance scheme in southern Ethiopia: a mixed method study
Authors: Haile Yosef , Abdulkadir Hanan , Shewangizaw Misgun , Meskele Simeon , Temesgen Kidus , Haile Temesgen , Niguse Daniel , Hailegebreal Samuel , Biratu Getahun Gorfu 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundDropout from community-based health insurance (CBHI) membership is a common problem in low-income countries, even if its implementation leads to substantial improvement in the utilization of essential health services. Few studies have addressed the factors contributing to dropout rates in southern Ethiopia. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the rate of CBHI dropout in southern Ethiopia as well as any contributing factors.MethodsThis mixed-method cross-sectional study was conducted among 460 randomly selected CBHI-enrolled households at the Arba Minch Health and Demography Surveillance System site from November 1, 2021, to April 30, 2022. The quantitative data were collected by an open data kit (ODK). using an interviewer-based structured questionnaire and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0. Multivariable logistic regression was applied to identify significant variables. The qualitative data were used to support the quantitative findings and were gathered through in-depth interviews (by the CBHI coordinator and three purposively selected health extension workers) and focus group discussions (in two randomly selected villages). The qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Finally, triangulation was used to present both the quantitative and qualitative findings.ResultsThis study found that 92 (21.5%) people stopped their community-based health insurance membership. The presence of sick adults [AOR = 0.281, 95% CI (0.136–0.581)], trust of participants in the contracted health facilities [AOR = 0.227, 95% CI (0.121–0.436)], and poor knowledge of the participants [AOR = 5.518, 95% CI (1.526–19.950)] were significant predictors.ConclusionThe magnitude of the dropout rate was high in this study when compared with the national target. The absence of a sick adult, the absence of trust among participants, and the poor knowledge status of the participants were significant predictors. We suggest that the health facility managers, the CBHI coordinating office, and the district health office give priority to implementing a wide range of knowledge improvement activities and a transparent system in public health facilities. Studies with longitudinal research designs are called for at a wide range of national levels to address the limitations of this study.
Exploring the Influence of VDR Genetic Variants TaqI, ApaI, and FokI on COVID-19 Severity and Long-COVID-19 Symptoms
Authors: Alhammadin Ghayda’ , Jarrar Yazun , Madani Abdalla , Lee Su-Jun 
Published: November 2023

There is increasing evidence regarding the importance of vitamin D in the prognosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Genetic variants in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene affect the response to vitamin D and have been linked to various diseases. This study investigated the associations of the major VDR genetic variants ApaI, FokI, and TaqI with the severity and long post-infection symptoms of COVID-19. In total, 100 Jordanian patients with confirmed COVID-19 were genotyped for the VDR ApaI, FokI, and TaqI variants using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. COVID-19 severity, the most commonly reported long-COVID-19 symptoms that lasted for >4 weeks from the onset of infection, and other variables were analyzed according to VDR genetic variants. In this study, ApaI and FokI polymorphisms showed no significant associations with COVID-19 severity (p > 0.05). However, a significant association was detected between the TaqI polymorphism and the severity of symptoms after infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus (p = 0.04). The wild-type TaqI genotype was typically present in patients with mild illness, whereas the heterozygous TaqI genotype was present in asymptomatic patients. With regard to long-COVID-19 symptoms, the VDR heterozygous ApaI and wild-type TaqI genotypes were significantly associated with persistent fatigue and muscle pain after COVID-19 (p ˂ 0.05). Most carriers of the heterozygous ApaI genotype and carriers of the wild-type TaqI genotype reported experiencing fatigue and muscle pain that lasted for more than 1 month after the onset of COVID-19. Furthermore, the TaqI genotype was associated with persistent shortness of breath after COVID-19 (p = 0.003). Shortness of breath was more common among individuals with homozygous TaqI genotype than among individuals with the wild-type or heterozygous TaqI genotype. VDR TaqI is a possible genetic variant related to both COVID-19 severity and long-COVID-19 symptoms among Jordanian individuals. The associations between VDR TaqI polymorphisms and long-COVID-19 symptoms should be investigated in larger and more diverse ethnic populations.
Recombinant Salmonella gallinarum (S. gallinarum) Vaccine Candidate Expressing Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli Type I Fimbriae Provides Protections against APEC O78 and O161 Serogroups and S. gallinarum Infection
Authors: Dai Peng , Wu Hucong , Ding Guowei , Fan Juan , Li Yuhe , Li Shoujun , Bao Endong , Li Yajie , Gao Xiaolei , Li Huifang , Zhu Chunhong , Zhu Guoqiang 
Published: November 2023

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is one of the leading pathogens that cause devastating economic losses to the poultry industry. Type I fimbriae are essential adhesion factors of APEC, which can be targeted and developed as a vaccine candidate against multiple APEC serogroups due to their excellent immunogenicity and high homology. In this study, the recombinant strain SG102 was developed by expressing the APEC type I fimbriae gene cluster (fim) on the cell surface of an avirulent Salmonella gallinarum (S. gallinarum) vector strain using a chromosome-plasmid-balanced lethal system. The expression of APEC type I fimbriae was verified by erythrocyte hemagglutination assays and antigen-antibody agglutination tests. In vitro, the level of the SG102 strain adhering to leghorn male hepatoma (LMH) cells was significantly higher than that of the empty plasmid control strain, SG101. At two weeks after oral immunization, the SG102 strain remained detectable in the livers, spleens, and ceca of SG102-immunized chickens, while the SG101 strain was eliminated in SG101-immunized chickens. At 14 days after the secondary immunization with 5 × 109 CFU of the SG102 strain orally, highly antigen-specific humoral and mucosal immune responses against APEC type I fimbriae protein were detected in SG102-immunized chickens, with IgG and secretory IgA (sIgA) concentrations of 221.50 μg/mL and 1.68 μg/mL, respectively. The survival rates of SG102-immunized chickens were 65% (13/20) and 60% (12/20) after challenge with 50 LD50 doses of APEC virulent strains O78 and O161 serogroups, respectively. By contrast, 95% (19/20) and 100% (20/20) of SG101-immunized chickens died in challenge studies involving APEC O78 and O161 infections, respectively. In addition, the SG102 strain effectively provided protection against lethal challenges from the virulent S. gallinarum strain. These results demonstrate that the SG102 strain, which expresses APEC type I fimbriae, is a promising vaccine candidate against APEC O78 and O161 serogroups as well as S. gallinarum infections.
Cultura visual, educação e identidade: o documentário como ferramenta didática
Authors: Rodrigues Vanessa Ionara , De Souza Jorge Andrade , Ramos Valéria Oliveira Borges 
Published: November 2023

O presente trabalho está inserido na área de Educação e tem no cerne do seu objeto uma análise voltada para a relevância e contribuições da Cultura Visual, considerando que vivemos em sociedades da Informação e do Consumo onde, cada vez mais, os avanços tecnológicos demandam que as práticas educativas e didáticas se reinventem, de modo a viabilizar aprendizagens significativas. O intuito é o de traçar um debate apontando possibilidades, fragilidades e potencialidades do uso de feramentas audiovisuais em espaços escolares e não escolares de aprendizagem/formação, pensando em aspectos como as construções identitárias de estudantes do ensino regular e de pessoas organizadas em grupos sociais em geral, visando expandir reflexões e iniciativas que reafirmem o caráter crítico, multiplicador e transformador que deve ser característico de todo e qualquer processo formativo.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA SENSE OF HUMOR GURU DAN MINAT BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA DENGAN KEMAMPUAN PEMAHAMAN MATEMATIS
Authors: Oktaviani Fara Nenti , Firmansyah Dani 
Published: November 2023

Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui hubungan antara sense of humor guru dan minat belajar matematika siswa dengan kemampuan pemahaman matematis siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode expost facto. Populasi sekaligus sampel pada penelitian ini yaitu seluruh siswa kelas VIII MTs. Al-Muhajirin Bantargebang sebanyak 23 orang dengan teknik pengambilan sampel adalah sampel jenuh. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan angket dan tes. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dengan menggunakan korelasi kendall tau, dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara sense of humor guru dengan kemampuan pemahaman matematis siswa dengan dan kekuatan hubungan antar variabel yang ditunjukkan oleh koefisien determinasi sebesar 30%. Kemudian terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara minat belajar matematika siswa dengan kemampuan pemahaman matematis siswa dengan dan kekuatan hubungan antar variabel yang ditunjukkan oleh koefisien determinasi sebesar 34%. Kemudian terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara sense of humor guru dan minat belajar matematika siswa dengan kemampuan pemahaman matematis siswa dengan dan kekuatan hubungan antar variabel yang ditunjukkan oleh koefisien determinasi sebesar 56%. Sedangkan sumbangan sisa persentase lainnya diperoleh dari faktor lain yang belum diketahui.
Skrining fitokimia dan isolasi senyawa steroid/triterpenoid dari ekstrak n-heksana daun Pepaya (Carrica papaya L)
Authors: Simarmata Cindy Widya Rosa Br , Nasution Haris Munandar , Nasution M Pandapotan , Rahayu Yayuk Putri 
Published: November 2023

Di Indonesia tanaman pepaya sangat lah banyak dijumpai dibeberapa daerah terdapat dari sabang sampai Merauke. Sebagai salah satu negara tropis, hampir semua pelosok negeri Indonesia terdapat pepaya dengan beragam bentuk dan jenis yang berbeda–beda. Daun pepaya (Carica papaya L.) mempunyai kandungan senyawa tanin, alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoid, dan saponin yang berperan sebagai antiparasit. dan tujuan penelitian ini adalah Untuk mengetahui hasil golongan senyawa kimia yang terdapat pada daun pepaya (Carica papaya L.) Untuk mengetahui karakteristik isolat dari ekstrak n-heksana daun pepaya (Carica papaya L.) dengan spektrofotometri UV dan spektrofotometri IR. Penelitian ini meliputi pembuatan simplisia dari daun pepaya, lalu skrining fitokimia, kemudian karakterisasi simplisia selanjutnya pembuatan ekstrak dari simplisia daun papaya, setelah itu analisis ekstrak dengan metode kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT), selanjutnya dilakukan isolasi secara kromatografi kolom (KK), uji kemurnian dengan kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) dua arah dan isolasi yang diperoleh diidentifikasi secara spektrofotometri ultraviolet (UV) dan sprktrofotometri inframerah (IR). Hasil karakterisasi simplisia Carica papaya L di peroleh kadar air 4% , kadar sari larut dalam air 16,64% , kadar sari larut dalam etanol 11,6% , kadar abu total, 9,88% kadar abu yang tidak larut dalam asam 0,66% , hasil skrining fitokimia simplisia Carica papaya L. mengandung senyawa steroid/triterpenoid, alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin., tannin. Hasil analisis isolat menunjukkan bahwa isolate yang diperoleh adalah senyawa golongan steroid/triterpenoid berwarna violet dan isolat yang diperoleh dianalisis secara spektrofotometri sinar UV memberikan absorbansi pada Panjang gelombang 207, nm menunjukkan ada gugus kromofor dan hasil spektrofotometri IR diketahui adannya gugus O-H, C-H alifatis, CH2, CH3, C=O dan C-O
Slope position controls prescribed fire effects on soil: a case study in the high-elevation grassland of Itatiaia National Park
Authors: Oliveira Ana Paula Pessim de , Silva Eduardo Carvalho da , Marcondes Robson Altiellys Tosta , Pereira Marcos Gervasio , Motta Marcelo Souza , Diniz Yan Vidal de Figueiredo Gomes , Fagundes Hugo de Souza , Delgado Rafael Coll , Santos Otavio Augusto Queiroz dos , Anjos Lúcia Helena Cunha dos 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
There is a need for greater knowledge about the medium- and long-term effects of prescribed fire management on soil in ecosystems prone to wildfires and more vulnerable to climate change. This study examined the short- and medium-term effects of prescribed fire on soil chemical properties and chemical fractions of soil organic matter (SOM) in two positions of the landscape in a high-elevation grassland environment. The ecosystem is located in the mountain peaks of southeastern Brazil associated with the Atlantic Forest biome. Prescribed fire was conducted in 2017 to reduce understory vegetation and thus prevent potential severe wildfires. Soil samples were collected at the layers of 0.00-0.10, 0.10-0.20, and 0.20-0.40 m, at eight composite sampling. The composite samples were collected on five different occasions: before the prescribed fire, and 10, 30, 90, and 240 days after the prescribed fire. Soil chemical properties, total organic carbon, labile C, and chemical fractionation of SOM were analyzed. All soil properties investigated were affected by the prescribed fire, with variations in landscape position, duration of effect, and soil layer. In the backslope area, the medium-term effect of fire was negative and induced soil degradation and induced soil degradation. In the footslope area, the system showed greater resilience to the effects of fire, as indicated by the recovery of the soil’s chemical properties. These results can help assess the suitability of controlled burning of vegetation for managing risks of fire in mountainous regions, such as high-elevation grasslands.