bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Coupling Second-Order Stresses to Understanding and Predicting the Structural Response of a Dioctahedral Smectite
Authors: Mejri Chadha , Oueslati Walid , Ben Haj Amara Abdesslem 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe employment of clay minerals in the transport of water, nutrients, and contaminants depends on a few factors, including permeability, hydration behavior, ion-exchange efficiency, and more. With the application of external stress, it is still difficult to understand how clay particles swell and collapse, how water is retained, how hydration heterogeneities are formed within crystallites, and how interlamellar space is organized. The present work studied the link between geochemical, thermal, kinetic constraints (established at the laboratory scale), and intrinsic clay features by exchanging Na-rich montmorillonite (SWy2) with Ni2+, Mg2+, or Zn2+ cations. By comparing the experimental 00l reflections with the calculated reflections obtained from the structural models, quantitative X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis has enabled the building of a theoretical profile describing the layer stacking mode (LSM) and allowed the description of interlayer space (IS) configuration along the c* axis. Regardless of the type of the exchangeable cations (EC), XRD modeling revealed that all samples exhibited interstratified hydration behavior within the crystallite size, which probably indicates partial or incomplete saturation of the IS. This theoretical result was defined by the appearance of two hydration states (1W and 2W), which were unrelated to the strain strength creating a higher degree of structural heterogeneity. Using the theoretical decomposition of the observed XRD patterns, the identification of all distinct layer populations and their stacking mode was achieved. The segregated LSM are, therefore, obviously superior as a function of stress strength.
Relationship Between Kinetic and Kinematic Measures of the Countermovement Jump and National Weightlifting Performance
Authors: Chavda Shyam , Lake Jason P. , Comfort Paul , Bishop Chris , Joffe Shaun A. , Turner Anthony N. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Purpose
The association between vertical jump and weightlifting performance have been well established often using discrete performance measures such as jump height or peak power which provides little insight into temporal strategies. The purpose of this investigation was to identify currently unassessed temporal countermovement jump metrics and their reliability and relationship to national weightlifting performance.

Methods
A total of 42 national weightlifting athletes (n = 30 females and 12 males), were recruited for this study. Countermovement jump was measured using a force plate following a national and international competition. Vertical ground reaction force and time data were analyzed using a custom script where temporal metrics relating to specific phases of the jump were extracted. Snatch, Clean and Jerk and Total weightlifting performance was obtained following each competition. Reliability of jump metrics were determined using coefficient of variation and interclass correlation coefficient. A Spearman’s Rho, non-parametric bivariate correlation was used to determine the relationship between the jump metrics and weightlifting performance.

Results
From a total of 15 metrics, 13 were deemed reliable, with propulsive impulse showing the greatest level of reliability. Correlational analysis showed strong to very strong (r = 0.676–0.817) relationships between all absolute measures of weightlifting performance and propulsive impulse for both women and men.

Conclusion
This novel finding suggests that practitioners may wish to use propulsive impulse as it may provide more insight into changes of force capabilities following training. Additionally, it may also be used as a talent identification tool given its strong relationship to performance.
Occlusion relationship reasoning with a feature separation and interaction network
Authors: Zhou Yu , Lu Rui , Xue Feng , Gao Yuzhe 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOcclusion relationship reasoning aims to locate where an object occludes others and estimate the depth order of these objects in three-dimensional (3D) space from a two-dimensional (2D) image. The former sub-task demands both the accurate location and the semantic indication of the objects, while the latter sub-task needs the depth order among the objects. Although several insightful studies have been proposed, a key characteristic of occlusion relationship reasoning, i.e., the specialty and complementarity between occlusion boundary detection and occlusion orientation estimation, is rarely discussed. To verify this claim, in this paper, we integrate these properties into a unified end-to-end trainable network, namely the feature separation and interaction network (FSINet). It contains a shared encoder-decoder structure to learn the complementary property between the two sub-tasks, and two separated paths to learn specialized properties of the two sub-tasks. Concretely, the occlusion boundary path contains an image-level cue extractor to capture rich location information of the boundary, a detail-perceived semantic feature extractor, and a contextual correlation extractor to acquire refined semantic features of objects. In addition, a dual-flow cross detector has been customized to alleviate false-positive and false-negative boundaries. For the occlusion orientation estimation path, a scene context learner has been designed to capture the depth order cue around the boundary. In addition, two stripe convolutions are built to judge the depth order between objects. The shared decoder supplies the feature interaction, which plays a key role in exploiting the complementarity of the two paths. Extensive experimental results on the PIOD and BSDS ownership datasets reveal the superior performance of FSINet over state-of-the-art alternatives. Additionally, abundant ablation studies are offered to demonstrate the effectiveness of our design.
The importance of developing a financial audit process: An academic medical center perspective
Authors: Fritter Jessica , Harper Cody 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Clinical research studies run the risk of being in a deficit leading to premature study termination or a desperate struggle to find new funding to continue the research. It is important for institutions, small or large, to have financial oversight during the research process. We created a financial audit process for a core clinical research department at a pediatric hospital. Understanding where to find your costs, what costs are important, and other elements of the audit process are essential. Knowing how to replicate a financial audit process can help you eliminate the risk of a financial deficit.
ResearchMatch on FHIR: Development and evaluation of a recruitment registry and electronic health record system interface for volunteer profile completion
Authors: Cheng Alex C. , Dunkel Leah , Byrne Loretta M. , Tischbein Maeve , Burts Delicia , Hamilton Jahi , Phillips Kaysi , Embry Bryce , Tan Jason , Olson Erik , Harris Paul A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background:
Obtaining complete and accurate information in recruitment registries is essential for matching potential participants to research studies for which they qualify. Since electronic health record (EHR) systems are required to make patient data available to external systems, an interface between EHRs and recruitment registries may improve accuracy and completeness of volunteers’ profiles. We tested this hypothesis on ResearchMatch (RM), a disease- and institution-neutral recruitment registry with 1357 studies across 255 institutions.

Methods:
We developed an interface where volunteers signing up for RM can authorize transfer of demographic data, medical conditions, and medications from the EHR into a registration form. We obtained feedback from a panel of community members to determine acceptability of the planned integration. We then developed the EHR interface and performed an evaluation study of 100 patients to determine whether RM profiles generated with EHR-assisted adjudication included more conditions and medications than those without the EHR connection.

Results:
Community member feedback revealed that members of the public were willing to authenticate into the EHR from RM with proper messaging about choice and privacy. The evaluation study showed that out of 100 participants, 75 included more conditions and 69 included more medications in RM profiles completed with the EHR connection than those without. Participants also completed the EHR-connected profiles in 16 fewer seconds than non-EHR-connected profiles.

Conclusions:
The EHR to RM integration could lead to more complete profiles, less participant burden, and better study matches for many of the over 148,000 volunteers who participate in ResearchMatch.
Prevalence and risk factors of physical violence against husbands: evidence from India
Authors: Chattopadhyay Aparajita , Kumar Sharma Santosh , Vishwakarma Deepanjali , Jungari Suresh 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAs the proportion of women being victims of spousal violence in India is higher than men, laws are usually framed to safeguard women. However, men who have experienced physical spousal violence are not unheard of. The study aims to provide the nationwide prevalence of physical violence against husbands and the risk factors for such violence, using large-scale nationally representative ‘National Family Health Survey’ (NFHS 4) data. The study used descriptive, bivariate, logistic, and multilevel regression models with a random intercept clustering within states and households to explain the physical violence against husband. Sample size for the analysis was 62,716 currently married women aged 15–49 years. Findings revealed that in most of the states of India, physical spousal violence has increased over time. Behavioural characteristics like marital control, alcoholism, and childhood experience of parental violence have a consistent and strong role in explaining the experience of physical violence across states. With age, experience of violence against husbands increases. Differences in socio-economic characteristics do not have unidirectional effect on violence experienced by husbands across regions of India. Working women who are earning cash and having access to mobile phones perpetrate more physical violence in selected regions. Education shows a gradient on such violence perpetration, indicating that only after achieving a certain level of education, chances of violence reduce. Regionally contrasting social and economic risk factors in explaining violence strengthen the argument that violence is space and culture-specific, and development alone may not resolve violence unless the system is addressing the behavioural aspects. There is a need for supporting men experiencing domestic violence within the existing system facilities. Revisiting the present domestic violence laws and programmes for inclusivity is the need of the hour.
Meritocracy, Suzhi Education and the Use of Live-Streaming Technology in Rural Schools in Western China
Authors: Li Miao , Zhang Qiang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMany rural youths in China receive a poor-quality, strict and exam-oriented education. In everyday and professional discourses, incorporating live-streaming technologies in rural schooling is tied to promises of improved educational quality and a narrowed urban‒rural education gap. Reflecting a dystopian ideology of meritocracy, this article investigates how live-streaming technologies transmit suzhi (human quality) education and downplay the exam-oriented education with which rural students and teachers are familiar. The authors argue that the two educational vehicles for meritocracy work together to channel students to a seemingly meritocratic pathway of social mobility but funnel rural students to an inferior educational track according to their rural registration and lower-class backgrounds. The online version of suzhi education complicates and even exacerbates the already fierce educational competition that rural students face. Rural students’ low aspirations and their teachers’ apathy towards live-streaming classes challenge the purportedly transformative effects of live-streaming technologies in China's rural schooling.
Mid-term outcomes after catheter ablation in patients with congenital heart disease
Authors: Faim Diogo , Sousa Pedro A. , Saleiro Carolina , Palma Andreia , Francisco Andreia , António Natália , Cristóvão João , Elvas Luís , Gonçalves Lino , Pires António 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroduction:Cardiac arrhythmias are a major concern in patients with CHD. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcomes in patients with CHD submitted to catheter ablation.Materials and Methods:Observational retrospective study of patients with CHD referred for catheter ablation from January 2016 to December 2021 in a tertiary referral centre. Acute procedural endpoints and long-term outcomes were assessed.Results:A total of 44 ablation procedures were performed in 36 CHD patients (55% male, mean age 43 ±3 years). Fifty-four arrhythmias were ablated: 23 cavotricuspid isthmus atrial flutters, 10 atrial re-entrant tachycardias, eight focal atrial tachycardias, eight atrial fibrillations, three atrioventricular re-entrant tachycardias, and two ventricular tachycardias. During a median follow-up time of 37 months (interquartile range 12–51), freedom from arrhythmia recurrence was achieved in 93%, with 1.2 procedures per patient (18% with anti-arrhythmic drugs). There were no adverse events related to catheter ablation. No predictors of recurrence were identified.Conclusion:In patients with CHD, catheter ablation presents a high mid-term efficacy while maintaining a safe profile.
Key Factors Determining the Formation of Sulfate Aerosols Through Multiphase Chemistry—A Kinetic Modeling Study Based on Beijing Conditions
Authors: Wang Tao , Liu Yangyang , Zhou Shengqian , Wang Guochen , Liu Xiansheng , Wang Longqian , Fu Hongbo , Chen Jianmin , Zhang Liwu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSevere haze in Beijing is characterized by the rapid formation of sulfate via the multiphase oxidation of SO2. While many factors, including aerosol oxidants and atmospheric variables, were discovered and investigated, their relative importance remains unclear. Herein, based on the field observation data obtained in Beijing, China, we developed a kinetic model to explore the key factors that determine the multiphase formation of sulfate. Sensitivity tests give the kinetics of each oxidation pathway varying with pH and temperature, based on which the total sulfate formation rate at room temperature (298 K) is calculated to be generally greater than that at standard temperature (273 K), especially during nighttime. Interfacial oxidants are responsible for sulfate formation within a wide pH range, and transition metal ions become more efficient with increased temperature. The multiphase chemistry is additionally affected by aerosol liquid water content (ALWC), particle radius (Rp), and ionic strength (IS). Within the usual aerosol acidity, the kinetic discrepancy induced by different ALWC levels is more significant at the lower temperature, in contrast to the temperature dependence related to Rp, and the effect of IS depends highly on pH. Machine learning reveals the potential importance of temperature, acidity, and Rp. Temperature and acidity are impactful for the formation of both aqueous and interfacial sulfates, whereas Rp only affects the interfacial processes. The discrepancy between nighttime and daytime is considered throughout this study. Overall, this study reveals the key factors for multiphase sulfate formation and is recommended for kinetic evaluation in future laboratory research.
Crystallization of Superfast‐Spreading Oceanic Crust (ODP Hole 1256D, Pacific Ocean): Constraints From Zircon Geochronology
Authors: Lissenberg C. Johan , Condon Daniel J. , Smye Andrew J. , Anma Ryo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractStudies of oceanic crust, which covers a large proportion of the Earth's surface, have provided significant insight into the dynamics of crustal accretion processes at mid‐ocean ridges. It is now recognized that the nature of oceanic crust varies fundamentally as a function of spreading rate. Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Hole 1256D (eastern Pacific Ocean) was drilled into the crust formed at a superfast spreading rate, and hence represents a crustal end member. Drilling recovered a section through lava and sheeted dykes and into the plutonic sequence, the study of which has yielded abundant insight into magmatic and hydrothermal processes operating at high spreading rates. Here, we present zircon U‐Pb dates for Hole 1256D, which constrain the age of the section, as well as the duration of crustal accretion. We find that the main pulse of zircon crystallization within plutonic rocks occurred at 15.19 Ma, consistent with magnetic anomalies, and lasted tens of thousands of years. During this episode, the main plutonic body intruded, and partial melts of the base of the sheeted dykes crystallized. One sample appears to postdate this episode by up to 0.25 Myr, and may be an off‐axis intrusion. Overall, the duration of crustal accretion was tens to several hundreds of thousands of years, similar to that found at the fast‐spreading East Pacific Rise and the slow‐spreading Mid‐Atlantic Ridge. This indicates that crustal accretion along slow‐ to superfast‐spreading ridges occurs over similar time scales, with substantially longer periods of accretion occurring at ultraslow‐spreading ridges characterized by thick lithosphere.
Studying Brown Ocean Re‐Intensification of Hurricane Florence Using CYGNSS and SMAP Soil Moisture Data and a Numerical Weather Model
Authors: Li Zhi , Tiwari Alka , Sui Xinxin , Garrison James , Marks Frank , Niyogi Dev 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHurricane Florence made landfall over the Carolinas 14 September 2018, bringing over 30 inches of rainfall. What remains understudied is the possible storm re‐intensification by wet and warm antecedent soil moisture (ASM), known as the Brown Ocean Effect (BOE). This study investigates this effect with two approaches: (a) two satellite‐based soil moisture (SM) data and (b) model simulation. The averaged Cyclone Global Navigation System and Soil Moisture Active Passive SM enables examination of land‐atmosphere interaction at a sub‐daily scale. Both observations and simulation results manifest positive feedback between ASM and rainfall intensity, with 3 days prior to landfall being the typical antecedent time scale. Wet (dry) ASM lead to intense (light) and concentrated (widespread) rains. We also found that soil temperature can modulate the BOE. This study aims to advance our understanding of land‐atmosphere feedback and calls to acquire accurate antecedent land states to enhance forecast skills.
Potential Predictability of the Spring Bloom in the Southern Ocean Sea Ice Zone
Authors: Buchovecky Benjamin , MacGilchrist Graeme A. , Bushuk Mitchell , Haumann F. Alexander , Frölicher Thomas L. , Le Grix Natacha , Dunne John 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEvery austral spring when Antarctic sea ice melts, favorable growing conditions lead to an intense phytoplankton bloom, which supports much of the local marine ecosystem. Recent studies have found that Antarctic sea ice is predictable several years in advance, suggesting that the spring bloom might exhibit similar predictability. Using a suite of perfect model predictability experiments, we find that November net primary production (NPP) is potentially predictable 7 to 10 years in advance in many Southern Ocean regions. Sea ice extent predictability peaks in late winter, followed by absorbed shortwave radiation and NPP with a 2 to 3 months lag. This seasonal progression of predictability supports our hypothesis that sea ice and light limitation control the inherent predictability of the spring bloom. Our results suggest skillful interannual predictions of NPP may be achievable, with implications for managing fisheries and the marine ecosystem, and guiding conservation policy in the Southern Ocean.
Magnetic Field Signatures of Tropospheric and Thermospheric Lamb Modes Triggered by the 15 January 2022 Tonga Volcanic Eruption
Authors: Liu Jann‐Yenq , Kao Tzu‐Hsun , Liu Tien‐Chi , Huang Bor‐Shouh , Lee Po‐Han , Sun Yang‐Yi , Chen Chieh‐Hung , Hattori Katsumi , Liao Po‐Han , Lee I.‐Te , Su Ching‐Lun , Terng Chuen‐Teyr , Huang Treng‐Shi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntense eruptions of the Tonga volcano activated prominent traveling atmospheric disturbances (TADs) at 04:05UT on 15 January 2022. Himawari‐8 satellite images depict that TADs of the tropospheric Lamb wavefront propagate with a speed of 315 m/s and arrive in Taiwan at 11:30UT. Networks of 98 barometers, 28 tide gauges, an ionosonde, and 10 magnetometers are used to study the responses of magnetic fields to TADs in Taiwan. The horizontal components in magnetic field changes of the Taiwan magnetometers all point toward and away from the Tonga volcano at 11:00–12:00UT upon the tropospheric Lamb wavefront arrival and at 22:00–23:00UT when the thermospheric Lamb wavefront with speeds of 487 m/s coming, respectively. Analyses of the raytracing and beamforming techniques on the horizontal components in magnetic field changes of 69 INTERMAGNET magnetometers show that both tropospheric and thermospheric Lamb waves efficiently activate traveling ionospheric disturbances and modify ionospheric currents of the globe.
Global Winds Shape Planetary‐Scale Lamb Waves
Authors: Sepúlveda Ignacio , Carvajal Matías , Agnew Duncan C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn 2022, the Hunga volcano eruption in Tonga generated atmospheric pressure waves that propagated globally and produced tsunamis in all the world's oceans. The largest pressure wave, with an amplitude of several hundred pascals, is the Lamb wave. Standard Lamb wave models, incorporating the sound‐speed as a function of temperature, satisfactorily explain observations in the near‐field but not in the far‐field. We show that an augmented Lamb wave model that includes the effects of wind and topography accurately reproduces the wavefronts observed by satellites and barometers, including those close to the antipode. Winds, first suggested to explain the travel times of Lamb waves from Krakatau in 1883, are now shown to also play a major role in shaping their waveforms; temperature and topography play smaller, but still detectable, roles. Our augmented model provides a significant advance for the development of early warning and hazard assessments for the meteotsunamis these waves produce.