bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) prevents oxidative stress and reduces fibrosis in rat traumatized Achilles tendon
Authors: Fillipin Lidiane Isabel , Mauriz José Luis , Vedovelli Kelem , Moreira Andréa Janz , Zettler Claudio Galeano , Lech Osvandré , Marroni Norma Possa , González‐Gallego Javier 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe present study investigated the effects of low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) on oxidative stress and fibrosis in an experimental model of Achilles tendon injury induced by a single impact trauma.Study Design/Materials and MethodsMale Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8): control, trauma, trauma+LLLT for 14 days, and trauma+LLLT for 21 days. Achilles tendon traumatism was produced by dropping down a load with an impact kinetic energy of 0.544 J. A low level Ga–As laser was applied with a 904 nm wavelength, 45 mW average power, 5 J/cm2 dosage, for 35 seconds duration, continuously. Studies were carried out at day 21.ResultsHistology showed a loss of normal architecture, with inflammatory reaction, angiogenesis, vasodilatation, and extracellular matrix formation after trauma. This was accompanied by a significant increase in collagen concentration when compared the control group. Oxidative stress, measured by the concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and hydroperoxyde‐initiated chemiluminiscence, was also significantly increased in the trauma group. Administration of LLLT for 14 or 21 days markedly alleviated histological abnormalities reduced collagen concentration and prevented oxidative stress. Superoxide dismutase activity was significantly increased by LLLT treatment over control values.ConclusionLLLT by Ga–As laser reduces histological abnormalities, collagen concentration, and oxidative stress in an experimental model of Achilles tendon injury. Reduction of fibrosis could be mediated by the beneficial effects on the oxidant/antioxidant balance. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Decay rates of the plate equations
Authors: Ammari K. , Khenissi M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe consider the Kirchhoff plate equation and the Bernoulli–Euler plate equation. The energy decay rate in both cases is investigated. Moreover, when we do not have exponential stability in the energy space, we give explicit logarithmic decay estimates valid for regular initial data. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A note on operator‐valued Fourier multipliers on Besov spaces
Authors: Bu Shangquan , Kim Jin‐Myong 
Published: September 2005

AbstractLet X be a Banach space. We show that each m : ℝ \ {0} → L (X ) satisfying the Mikhlin condition supx ≠0(‖m (x )‖ + ‖xm ′(x )‖) < ∞ defines a Fourier multiplier on B s p,q (ℝ; X ) if and only if 1 < p < ∞ and X is isomorphic to a Hilbert space; each bounded measurable function m : ℝ → L (X ) having a uniformly bounded variation on dyadic intervals defines a Fourier multiplier on B s p,q (ℝ; X ) if and only if 1 < p < ∞ and X is a UMD space. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Multiple Dedekind sums and relative class number formulae
Authors: Hirabayashi Mikihito , Tsumura Hirofumi 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe construct some multiple Dedekind sums and relate them to the relative class number of an imaginary abelian number field. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The coarea formula for real‐valued Lipschitz maps on stratified groups
Authors: Magnani Valentino 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe establish a coarea formula for real‐valued Lipschitz maps on stratified groups when the domain is endowed with a homogeneous distance and level sets are measured by the Q – 1 dimensional spherical Hausdorff measure. The number Q is the Hausdorff dimension of the group with respect to its Carnot–Carathéodory distance. We construct a Lipschitz function on the Heisenberg group which is not approximately differentiable on a set of positive measure, provided that the Euclidean notion of differentiability is adopted. The coarea formula for stratified groups also applies to this function, where the Euclidean one clearly fails. This phenomenon shows that the coarea formula holds for the natural class of Lipschitz functions which arises from the geometry of the group and that this class may be strictly larger than the usual one. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On some normability conditions
Authors: Terzioğlu Tosun , Yurdakul Murat , Zahariuta Vyacheslav 
Published: September 2005

AbstractVarious normability conditions of locally convex spaces (including Vogt interpolation classes DN φ and Ωφ as well as quasi‐ and asymptotic normability) are investigated. In particular, it is shown that on the class of Schwartz spaces the property of asymptotic normability coincides with the property GS , which is a natural generalization of Gelfand–Shilov countable normability (cf. [9, 25], where the metrizable case was treated). It is observed also that there are certain natural duality relationships among some of normability conditions. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Short‐term capacity allocation problem with tool and setup constraints
Authors: Akçalı Elif , Üngör Alper , Uzsoy Reha 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe consider a short‐term capacity allocation problem with tool and setup constraints that arises in the context of operational planning in a semiconductor wafer fabrication facility. The problem is that of allocating the available capacity of parallel nonidentical machines to available work‐in‐process (WIP) inventory of operations. Each machine can process a subset of the operations and a tool setup is required on a machine to change processing from one operation to another. Both the number of tools available for an operation and the number of setups that can be performed on a machine during a specified time horizon are limited. We formulate this problem as a degree‐constrained network flow problem on a bipartite graph, show that the problem is NP‐hard, and propose constant factor approximation algorithms. We also develop constructive heuristics and a greedy randomized adaptive search procedure for the problem. Our computational experiments demonstrate that our solution procedures solve the problem efficiently, rendering the use of our algorithms in real environment feasible. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005
Synthesis, crystallization, and morphology of star‐shaped poly(ε‐caprolactone)
Authors: Wang Jing‐Liang , Wang Lu , Dong Chang‐Ming 
Published: September 2005

AbstractSix‐arm star‐shaped poly(ε‐caprolactone) (sPCL) was successfully synthesized via the ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone with a commercial dipentaerythritol as the initiator and stannous octoate (SnOct2) as the catalyst in bulk at 120 °C. The effects of the molar ratios of both the monomer to the initiator and the monomer to the catalyst on the molecular weight of the polymer were investigated in detail. The molecular weight of the polymer linearly increased with the molar ratio of the monomer to the initiator, and the molecular weight distribution was very low (weight‐average molecular weight/number‐average molecular weight = 1.05–1.24). However, the molar ratio of the monomer to the catalyst had no apparent influence on the molecular weight of the polymer. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis indicated that the maximal melting point, cold crystallization temperature, and degree of crystallinity of the sPCL polymers increased with increasing molecular weight, and crystallinities of different sizes and imperfect crystallization possibly did not exist in the sPCL polymers. Furthermore, polarized optical microscopy analysis indicated that the crystallization rate of the polymers was in the order of linear poly(ε‐caprolactone) (LPCL) > sPCL5 > sPCL1 (sPCL5 had a higher molecular weight than both sPCL1 and LPCL, which had similar molecular weights). Both LPCL and sPCL5 exhibited a good spherulitic morphology with apparent Maltese cross patterns, whereas sPCL1 showed a poor spherulitic morphology. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 5449–5457, 2005
Thymine‐functionalized polystyrenes for applications in biotechnology. III. Increasing the thymine loading via a new synthetic pathway
Authors: Cunningham Michael F. , Chatterton Matthew , Puskas Judit E. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIn this article, we report an efficient method for the synthesis of thymine‐functionalized polystyrene microspheres. First, poly(styrene‐co‐4‐chloromethylstyrene) copolymers slightly crosslinked with divinylbenzene were synthesized in batch free‐radical emulsion copolymerization. Microspheres with a particle size of ∼40–70 nm were obtained with greater than 99% conversion. The chloromethylstyrene (CMS) groups were then converted into thymylmethylstyrene (TMS) in a two‐phase system with greater than 80% efficiency, and up to a 45 mol % thymine loading was achieved. The functionalized microspheres were characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The analyses revealed partial hydrolysis of the CMS functionalities, yielding hydroxymethyl functional groups in addition to the thymine functionalities. These copolymers have potential applications in biotechnology. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 5545–5553, 2005
Kinetics and mechanisms in carbocationic polymerization: The quest for true rate constants
Authors: Puskas Judit E. , Chan Sam W. P. , McAuley Kimberley B. , Shaikh Sohel , Kaszas Gabor 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis article is a critical analysis of kinetic dataavailable on carbocationic polymerizations. A survey of published propagation rate constant (kp) data revealed several orders of magnitude differences. In this article, an explanation of this apparent discrepancy is offered with a case study involving the carbocationic polymerization of 2,4,6‐trimethylstyrene (TMS). With the polymerization mechanism originally proposed for this system, kp = 1.35 × 104 L mol−1 s−1 was extracted from experimental data with the Predici polyreaction package. The alternative mechanism yielded kp = 1.01 × 107 L mol−1 s−1, close to that predicted by Mayr's Linear Free Energy Relationship (LFER). We propose that true rate constants can only be obtained from direct competition experiments or from kinetic interpretation based on independently proven mechanisms. The second part of this review discusses critical analysis of the temperature and concentration dependence of various living IB systems. Comparison of the temperature dependence in systems initiated with 2‐ chloro‐2,4, 4‐ trimethylpentane (TMPCl)/TiCl4 from various laboratories yielded of ΔH ∼−25 and −34.5 kJ/mol for high and low TMPCl/TiCl4 ratios, respectively. Aromatic (cumyl‐type) initiators show ΔH ∼ −40 kJ/mol, whereas H2O/TiCl4 in the presence of the strong electron‐ pair donor dimethylacetamide gave ΔH = −12 kJ/mol. The significant differences indicate different underlying mechanisms with complex elementary reactions. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 5394–5413, 2005
Synthesis of an alkali‐swellable emulsion and its effect on the rate of polymer diffusion in poly(vinyl acetate‐butyl acrylate) latex films
Authors: Oh Jung Kwon , Deleebeeck Liza , Winnik Mitchell A. , Rademacher Jude , Farwaha Rajeev 
Published: October 2005

AbstractWe describe the synthesis and characterization of a weakly cross‐linked poly(methacrylic acid‐co‐ethyl acrylate) alkali‐swellable emulsion (ASE), as well as an investigation of its influence on the rate of polymer diffusion in latex films. The films examined were formed from poly(vinyl acetate‐co‐butyl acrylate) latex particles containing a small amount of acrylic acid as a comonomer. Polymer diffusion rates were monitored by the energy transfer technique. We found that the presence of the ASE component, either in the acid form or fully neutralized by ammonia or sodium hydroxide, had very little effect on the polymer diffusion rate. However, in the presence of 2 wt % NH4‐ASE, there was a small but significant increase in the polymer diffusion rate. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 5632–5642, 2005
Flexible and Robust Implementations of Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines Within a Wastewater Treatment Stochastic Dynamic Program
Authors: Tsai Julia C. C. , Chen Victoria C. P. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis paper presents an automatic and more robust implementation of multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) within the orthogonal array (OA)/MARS continuous‐state stochastic dynamic programming (SDP) method. MARS is used to estimate the future value functions in each SDP level. The default stopping rule of MARS employs the maximum number of basis functions Mmax, specified by the user. To reduce the computational effort and improve the MARS fit for the wastewater treatment SDP model, two automatic stopping rules, which automatically determine an appropriate value for Mmax, and a robust version of MARS that prefers lower‐order terms over higher‐order terms are developed. Computational results demonstrate the success of these approaches. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Semiclassical molecular dynamics simulation of surface processes: Application to the hydrogen atom recombination on graphite
Authors: Cacciatore M. , Rutigliano M. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe semiclassical collisional method has been applied to get an insight into the most basic behaviors of the H2 formation after atom recombination on a graphite surface at TS = 100 K. The scattering equations are integrated over an adiabatic potential energy surface used in a previous study. Compared with the previously obtained results at TS = 10 K, important surface temperature effects on the recombination dynamics have been found. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006
Excited state properties of the chromophore of the asFP595 chromoprotein: 2D and 3D theoretical analyses
Authors: Sun Mengtao 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe ground and excited state properties (e.g., the intramolecular charge and energy transfer, and electron‐hole coherence) of the chromophore of the asFP595 chromoprotein from Anemonia sulcata in the neutral and anionic forms are theoretically studied with quantum chemistry methods. The ground‐state properties of the asFP595 in the neutral and anionic forms, such as the alternations of the bond lengths and the Mulliken charge distributions, are compared. The calculated transition energies of the asFP595 in the neutral and anionic form are consistent with the experimental results. To study the excited state properties of the asFP595 chromophore, the energies and densities of highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs), as well as the CI main coefficients, are compared between the two forms. The intramolecular charge and energy transfer in the neutral and anionic forms are investigated and compared with the three‐dimensional (3D) real‐space analysis methods, including the strength and orientation of the transition dipoles with transition density, and the orientation and result of the intramolecular charge transfer with charge difference density. The electron‐hole coherence and delocalization on the excitation are studied with the 2D real‐space analysis method of the transition density matrix. In all, the calculated results are remain in good agreement with the experimental data, and the theoretical analysis results supported the proposed models in the experiment. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006
Mass spectral signature for insect adipokinetic hormones
Authors: König Simone , Albers Christian , Gäde Gerd 
Published: September 2005

AbstractInsect adipokinetic hormones (AKHs) are structurally similar. They consist of 8 to 10 amino acid residues, and are post‐translationally modified at the N‐terminus (pyroglutamic acid) and at the C‐terminus (carboxyamide). They contain aromatic amino acids at position 4 (mostly Phe, in a few cases Tyr) and at position 8 (Trp). Position 9 is always Gly which is used in the octapeptides for the amidation, and the majority of the peptides have no charge. AKHs exhibit a characteristic ion signature both in matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (ion pair [M+Na]+/[M+K]+) and in electrospray mass spectrometry ([M+H+K]2+, [M–17+H]+, [M+H]+, [M+Na]+, [M+K]+). Their high affinity for Na+ and K+ alkali cations is observed even after reversed‐phase purification. AKHs rarely form doubly charged ions with protons or sodium while the [M+H+K]2+ ion is often abundant suggesting a special conformation of the larger metal ion complex possibly related to its size. Here, we present analyses of several AKHs of different insect species and discuss their ionization behavior with respect to their sequence. The mass spectral signature observed is useful for AKH detection from mixtures and so an unassigned 990.7 Da molecule was found in dragonfly which is currently under investigation. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A simple method of isolation of chloramphenicol in honey and its estimation by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Vivekanandan Kannan , Swamy Madugundu Guru , Prasad Sudhanand , Mukherjee Rama 
Published: September 2005

AbstractTo detect sub‐ppb levels of the antibiotic chloramphenicol in honey matrix, a convenient method of extraction and measurement using liquid chromatography with detection by tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) was developed. Honey samples fortified with chloramphenicol and isotopically labeled chloramphenicol were extracted using diatomaceous‐based supported liquid‐liquid extraction cartridges to generate a standard calibration curve. Four MS/MS transitions were used for quantification and four other transitions for confirmation of chloramphenicol. The limit of detection for chloramphenicol was 0.05 ng/g and the lower limit of quantification was 0.1 ng/g. Several commercial honey samples were analyzed for chloramphenicol content using this method. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Uncertainty of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry based measurements: an application to the analysis of urinary barium, cesium, antimony and tungsten
Authors: Alimonti A. , Forte G. , Spezia S. , Gatti A. , Mincione G. , Ronchi A. , Bavazzano P. , Bocca B. , Minoia C. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe wide use of barium (Ba), cesium (Cs), antimony (Sb) and tungsten (W) in many industrial and agricultural fields causes the increased release of these metals into the environment, laying the basis for health risk. To assess the exposure for the general population, the development of adequate and reliable analytical techniques becomes compulsory. This study refers to the quantification of urinary Ba, Cs, Sb and W levels by both quadrupole (Q) and sector field (SF) inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS). The two procedures were compared for their performances and their measurement uncertainties. The limits of detection were (Q and SF) 23.0 and 5.21 ng L−1 for Ba; 21.1 and 7.52 ng L−1 for Cs; 1.09 and 0.43 ng L−1 for Sb; and 0.36 and 0.49 ng L−1 for W. The trueness was better than 93.3% and the precision less than 12% for both techniques. Relative expanded uncertainties of the analytical procedures, at the median levels found in the general population, were below 5% for all the elements with both ICP‐MS techniques. The uncertainties related to the calibration and repeatability were the parameters most influencing the final analytical performance. The urinary median values observed in healthy subjects from central Italy were 1146, 4301, 60.8 and 48.5 ng L−1 for Ba, Cs, Sb and W, respectively. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards sustainable economic practices, flows and spaces: or is the necessary impossible and the impossible necessary?
Authors: Hudson Ray 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis paper focuses upon the sustainability of the economy in relation to nature and natural ecosystems. There are two main aspects to this relationship: consumption of natural resources; and generation of pollution and wastes because of economic practices of production, exchange and consumption. The paper addresses the extent to which both consumption of natural resources and production of pollution and wastes can be reduced and the economy and its constituent practices and spaces be made more sustainable, recognizing that sustainability involves cultural, political–economic and social dimensions as well as the impact of human activity on nature. A close and critical reading of the literatures on industrial ecology, industrial metabolism and natural capitalism provides an entry point into these issues. These literatures help identify the ‘natural limits’ to economic practices but are themselves limited in their approach to issues of sustainability. The paper explores these latter limits and their implications. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Preparing teachers to create a mainstream science classroom conducive to the needs of English‐language learners: A feminist action research project
Authors: Buck Gayle , Mast Colette , Ehlers Nancy , Franklin Elizabeth 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA feminist action research team, which consisted of a science educator, an English‐language learner (ELL) educator, a first‐year science teacher, and a graduate assistant, set a goal to work together to explore the process a beginning teacher goes through to establish a classroom conducive to the needs of middle‐level ELL learners. The guiding questions of the study were answered by gathering a wealth of data over the course of 5 months and taken from the classroom, planning sessions, and researchers and students. These data were collected by observations, semistructured interviews, and written document reviews. The progressive analysis ultimately revealed that: (a) successful strategies a beginning teacher must utilize for teaching middle‐level ELL children in a mainstream classroom involve complex structural considerations that are not part of the teacher's preparation; (b) learning increases for all children, but there are differences in learning achievement between ELL and non‐ELL children; and (c) student and peer feedback proved to be an effective means of enhancing the growth of a beginning teacher seeking to increase her skills in teaching ELL learners. The experiences and findings from this project have implications for teacher preparation programs committed to preparing educators to teach science to all children. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 42: 1013–1031, 2005
Three‐dimensional sonographic description of the fetal frontal bones and metopic suture
Authors: Faro C. , Benoit B. , Wegrzyn P. , Chaoui R. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the morphology of the frontal bones and metopic suture at 9–34 weeks of gestation using three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasonography.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study of the frontal bones and metopic suture in 16 fetuses at 9–34 weeks of gestation. 3D ultrasonography was used to obtain volumes of the whole fetal skull in the mid‐sagittal plane. The volumes were analyzed using the rendering mode and transparent maximum mode in order to achieve a clear view of the frontal bones and the metopic suture.ResultsAt 9 weeks, a small ossification center was visible in the middle of each supraorbital part of the frontal bones and by 11 weeks the frontal bones appeared as ‘thick eyebrows’. In the second trimester there was progressive radial bone expansion and delineation of the metopic suture and in the third trimester there was closure of the metopic suture, starting from the glabella and moving upwards towards the anterior fontanelle.ConclusionsThis study provides 3D ultrasound images that illustrate the process of ossification of the frontal bones and the subsequent development of the metopic suture during prenatal life. Copyright © 2005 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.