bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential scanning microcalorimetry
Authors: Cooper Alan , Nutley, Margaret A , Wadood Abdul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is an experimental technique to measure the heat energy uptake that takes place in a sample during controlled increase (or decrease) in temperature. At the simplest level it may be used to determine thermal transition (‘melting’) temperatures for samples in solution, solid, or mixed phases (e.g. suspensions). But with more sensitive apparatus and more careful experimentation it may be used to determine absolute thermodynamic data for thermally-induced transitions of various kinds. Formerly this was more the realm of the dedicated specialist, but now with the ready availability of sensitive, stable, user-friendly DSC instruments, microcalorimetry has become part of the standard repertoire of methods available to the biophysical chemist for the study of macromolecular conformation and interactions in solution at reasonable concentrations. And, to the extent that thermal transitions might be affected by ligand binding, DSC can provide useful information about protein ligand binding.
Structure and energetics of anti-lysozytne antibodies
Authors: Braden Bradford C , Poljak Roberto J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The formation of specific, stable protein-protein complexes is essential to biological processes. Since such complexes are fundamental for biological function, an understanding of their structure can lead to important clues about structure-function relationships in general. Such an understanding requires detailed characterization of the three-dimensional structure of the proteins as well as the physicochemical basis of interatomic interactions at the points of intermolecular association, i.e. the interface. Advances in the techniques of protein structure determination, site-directed mutagenesis for probing amino-acid substitutions, and methods for investigating the kinetic and thermodynamic behaviour of protein-protein association have greatly enhanced our understanding of the underlying forces involved in protein-protein recognition and complex formation.
RNA polymerase II transcriptional machinery
Authors: Hampsey Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) requires interaction between cis-acting promoter elements and trans-acting factors. The eukaryotic promoter consists of core elements that include the TATA box and other DNA sequences that define transcription start sites, and regulatory elements that either enhance or repress transcription in a gene-specific manner. The core promoter is the site of assembly of the transcription preinitiation complex (PIC), which includes RNAP II and the general transcription factors (GTFs) TATA-binding protein (TBP), TFIIB, TFIIE, TFIIF, and TFIIH. Regulatory elements bind gene-specific factors to affect the rate of transcription by interacting, either directly or indirectly, with components of the general transcriptional machinery. Biochemical characterization of the requirements for activation identified another class of transcription factors, designated coactivators or mediators, that are required for activation by many, but not all, activators. Accordingly, coactivators are neither gene-specific factors nor GTFs and include the SRBMED, TFHD, and SAGA complexes, as well as other factors.
Yeast nuclear transport
Authors: Cole Charles N 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The presence of a nucleus is one of the defining characteristics of eukaryotic cells. Nuclei are bounded by a double-membraned nuclear envelope. This separation of the cytoplasm from the nucleus compartmentalizes the genetic material in an environment that is physically and biochemically distinct from the remainder of the cell. Therefore, cellular components that function within the nucleus but are produced in the cytoplasm must enter the nucleus, and RNA molecules required in the cytoplasm must exit the nucleus. The double-membraned nuclear envelope is perforated by nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), which are the only chaimels for nucleocytoplasmic transport. The importance of nudeocytoplasmic transport to eukaryotic organisms is underscored by the extremely high degree of conservation, from yeasts to mammals, in the nuclear transport machinery (for reviews see References 1-4). Rapid progress has been made in recent years in defining the proteins involved in nuclear transport and in elucidating their mechanisms of action. In addition to NPCs, nuclear transport requires specific signals in the macromolecules (cargo) to be transported, soluble receptor proteins that recognize these signals and move across the nuclear envelope with the cargo, Gsp1p /Ran, a small ras-like GTPase, and additional factors.
Mutagenesis
Authors: Pelegri Francisco 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The ability to carry out genetic screens in the zebrafish is one of its most attractive features. The development of the genetic trickery of ploidy manipulation almost 20 years ago by Streisinger and co-workers underscored the genetic potential of the zebrafish and led to the identification of a number of zygotic patterning and behavioural mutations (1). More recently, the optimization of inbreeding strategies has allowed carrying out large-scale screens for zygotic mutations affecting development (2, 3). In this chapter we present the most practical methodologies used to perform mutagenesis and genetic screens in the zebrafish.
Determination of the subunit composition of native and cloned NMDA receptors
Authors: Stephenson F Anne , Hawkins Lynda M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are a subtype of the excitatory 1-glutamate neurotransmitter receptor family. They are fast-actingcation channels with a high permeability for Ca+ that are activated by the binding of both 1-glutamate and the co-agonist, glycine. Six genes encode homologous NMDA receptor subunits. They are the NR1 subunit gene which undergoes extensive alternative splicing to yield eight variants, NR1-1a, -1b to NR1-4a, -4b; the NR2 subunit genes NR2A-NR2D, and the NR3A subunit gene. Expression of different NMDA receptor subunit combinations in mammalian cells or in Xenopus oocytes has shown that functional NMDA receptors are formed only when the NR1 subunit is co-expressed with an NR2 subunit and that NR1/NR2 NMDA receptor subpopulations have different pharmacological and biophysical properties (reviewed in refs 1 and 2). Although correlations can be made between the properties of cloned NMDA receptors versus native receptors, expression studies do not yield definitive information with regard to the subunit composition and subunit ratios of native NMDA receptors. Since the different NMDA receptor subunits share a high degree of amino acid sequence homology, it is necessary to generate research tools which discriminate each NMDA receptor NR1 splice variant and NR2 subunit in order to determine in vivo subunit combinations.
Using confocal imaging to measure changes in intracellular ions
Authors: Bkaily Ghassan , Jacques Danielle , Hassan Ghada , Choufani Sanaa , D’Orléans-Juste Pedro 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Until the development of three-dimensional (3D) imaging, many questions were raised concerning ion traffic and localization, but these were never fully answered because of the absence of a technique enabling the visualization of dye distribution at the 3D level. The recent development and use of confocal microscopy, coupled to high performance hardware and software systems, has provided scientists with the capability of overcoming some of the limitations of standard microscopic imaging measurements. Until recently, access to confocal microscopy was fairly limited. Today, the majority of laboratories dealing with molecular and cell biology, pharmacology, biophysics, biochemistry, etc., are equipped with this powerful scientific tool. This increase in the need for confocal microscopy has been highly supported by a growing industry for developing new fluorescent probes. However, in order to optimize this technique, scientists need to be familiar with the basic approaches and limitations of confocal microscopy. In this chapter, we will discuss sample preparation, labelling of structures and functional probes, the settings of parameters, development of specific ligand probes, as well as protocols for measurements and limitations of the technique. For further information, the reader should refer to recent key references (1-4).
Postpartum Extended-Release Buprenorphine Tissue Necrosis
Authors: Kurtz Theresa , Charles Jasmin E. , Schwartz Megan , Smid Marcela C 
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:Extended-release buprenorphine (XRB) may improve medication for opioid use disorder continuation among postpartum individuals. However, obstetric clinicians have relatively little experience with XRB. We describe two cases of XRB-related tissue necrosis in postpartum individuals to highlight recommended injection technique and management strategies for this rare complication.CASES:One patient developed tissue necrosis after her initial injection. Her wound was expectantly managed. Another patient on long-term XRB developed tissue necrosis within 1 day of injection. General surgery excised the depot. Both instances were attributed to injection of XRB intradermally rather than subcutaneously. Both patients continued monthly XRB without recurrence, suggesting that this complication is not an allergy.CONCLUSION:Clinicians should be able to prevent, recognize, and manage tissue necrosis, a rare complication of XRB injection.
Efficacy and safety profiles of dolutegravir plus lamivudine vs. bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in therapy-naïve adults with HIV-1
Authors: Wei Yinghua , Li Jin , Xu Ruhong , Wen Li , Deng Yiming , He Lixia , Zhong Huijun , Wang Yanhao 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background:
Dual regimen dolutegravir (DTG) plus lamivudine (3TC) has demonstrated non-inferior efficacy compared to DTG-based three-drug regimens (3DRs), yet directly comparative data regarding the efficacy and safety of DTG + 3TC and bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF) for therapy-naïve people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 (PWH) are still limited. We aimed to assess the antiviral potency and safety profiles of DTG + 3TC vs. B/F/TAF based on antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve PWH in China.

Methods:
This retrospective multicenter study enrolled PWH initiating ART with DTG + 3TC or B/F/TAF from 2020 to 2022 in Guangdong and Guangxi. We analyzed response rates based on target not detected (TND) status using intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis. Subgroups were formed based on baseline viral load (VL) (<100,000 vs. ≥100,000 copies/mL) and CD4+ cell count (<200 vs. ≥200 cell/µL). Median time to TND VL was assessed by Kaplan–Meier method. We also measured changes from baseline in CD4+ cell counts, CD4/CD8 ratio, lipid parameters, weight, creatinine (Cr), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and drug-related adverse effects (DRAEs).

Results:
We enrolled 280 participants, including 137 (48.9%) on DTG + 3TC and 143 (51.1%) on B/F/TAF. At week 48, 96.4% (132/137) on DTG+3TC and 100% (143/143) on B/F/TAF achieved TND (P = 0.064). At week 12, TND responses were higher with B/F/TAF (78.3% [112/143]) than DTG+3TC (30.7% [42/137]) (P <0.001). This trend held across subgroups. B/F/TAF achieved TND faster (12 weeks) than DTG+3TC (24 weeks) (P <0.001). No differences were seen in CD4+ cell count and CD4/CD8 ratio, except in the high-VL subgroup, where B/F/TAF showed better recovery. DRAEs were significantly lower with B/F/TAF (4.9% [7/143]) than with DTG + 3TC (13.1% [18/137]) (P = 0.016). Lipid parameters, body weight, and Cr increased in both groups over 48 weeks, with DTG+3TC showing a more favorable effect on triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and weight gain.

Conclusions:
In this real-life study, B/F/TAF led to a faster viral decline and fewer DRAEs compared to DTG+3TC. No significant difference was observed in the TND rate at week 48, regardless of baseline VL and CD4+ cell count. CD4+ recovery was superior for B/F/TAF in participants with high VL. The DTG + 3TC regimen had less impact on metabolic changes than B/F/TAF.
A mixed-methods pilot examination of Montana, North Dakota nurse practitioner telepresence behaviors through web-camera eye-tracking and qualitative descriptive interviews
Authors: Johnson Elizabeth A. , Strauch Kimberly A. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
The use of telehealth for mental health–related encounters has increased exponentially since the COVID-19 pandemic. However, little is known how nurse practitioners (NPs) in rural areas establish connection and presence with patients through telehealth.

Purpose:
To leverage web-camera eye-tracking technology coupled with qualitative interviews to better understand rural NPs' perceptions, beliefs, experiences, and visual cues of connection and presence during mental health–related telehealth encounters.

Methods:
This mixed-methods study employed web-camera eye-tracking technology to measure eye contact, facial/body movements with microexpressions, and auditory expressions during a simulated mental health–related telehealth visit. A qualitative descriptive methodology was used to conduct semistructured interviews with participants regarding utilization of telehealth in rural mental health care delivery. Sticky software, R, and STATA were used for the quantitative eye-tracking and demographic data analyses. Qualitative findings were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis.

Results:
Ten NPs participated in the eye-tracking aspect of the study; among them, three completed semistructured interviews. Eye-tracking areas of interest were significant for the number of fixations (p = .005); number of visits (p < .001); time until notice (p < .001); and time viewed (p < .001). The category Workflow had the greatest number of thematic units (n = 21) derived from semistructured interviews.

Conclusions:
Although an accessible means of obtaining data, web-camera eye tracking poses challenges with data usability. This prompts further attention to research, optimizing the telehealth milieu to lessen patient and provider frustrations with technological or environmental issues.

Implications:
Nurse practitioners provide a key voice in the design and deployment of telehealth platforms congruent with the comprehensive assessment and presence of remote care delivery.
Cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis is associated with HIV-1 neuroinvasion during acute infection
Authors: Chan Phillip , Moreland Sarah , Sacdalan Carlo , Kroon Eugene , Colby Donn , Sriplienchan Somchai , Pinyakorn Suteeraporn , Phanuphak Nittaya , Jagodzinski Linda , Valcour Victor , Vasan Sandhya , Paul Robert , Trautmann Lydie , Spudich Serena ,   on behalf of the RV254/SEARCH 010 Study Team
Published: November 2023

Objective:
HIV-1 invades the brain within days post-transmission. This study quantitated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) white blood cell count (WBC) and investigated whether it associated with plasma and CSF HIV-1 RNA during untreated acute HIV infection (AHI).

Design:
Seventy participants underwent lumbar puncture during Fiebig stages I–V AHI.

Method:
WBC and HIV-1 RNA with a lower limit of quantification (LLQ) of 80 copies/ml were measured in CSF.

Results:
Sixty-nine (99%) participants were men, with a median age of 26. Their blood CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell counts were 335 [interquartile range (IQR) 247–553) and 540 (IQR 357–802) cells/μl, respectively. Forty-five (64%) were in Fiebig stages III–V whereas 25 (36%) were in Feibig stages I–II. Fifty-two (74%) experienced acute retroviral syndrome. Median plasma and CSF HIV-1 RNA were 6.10 (IQR 5.15–6.78) and 3.15 (IQR 1.90–4.11) log10 copies/ml, respectively. Sixteen (23%) CSF samples had HIV-1 RNA below LLQ. Median CSF WBC was 2.5 (IQR 1–8) cells/μl. CSF pleocytosis (WBC >5) was observed in 33% and was only present in CSF samples with detectable HIV-1 RNA. The frequencies of CSF pleocytosis during Fiebig stages III–V and among CSF samples of higher viral load (>1000 copies/ml) were 42 and 45%, respectively. Pleocytosis independently associated with CSF HIV-1 RNA in multivariate analysis [adjusted coefficient: 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.41–1.14), P < 0.001] and a lower plasma to CSF HIV-1 RNA ratio (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
CSF pleocytosis was present in one-third of participants with AHI. It associated with higher CSF HIV-1 RNA and a lower plasma to CSF HIV-1 RNA ratio, suggesting a potential association with HIV-1 neuroinvasion.
Representation of Women Authorship in the Top 5 Transplantation Journals in the United States
Authors: Faria Isabella , Montalvan Adriana , Kazimi Marwan , Martins Paulo N. , Eckhoff Devin 
Published: November 2023

Background.
In the United States, only 13% of transplant surgeons are women. We evaluated gender distribution and trends of American authorship over the past 10 y in high-impact solid organ transplantation journals to gain insight into the current status of women authorship in transplantation.

Methods.
Original articles from 2012 to 2021 from the 5 highest-impact solid organ transplantation journals were extracted from Scopus. First and last author’s gender was predicted using Genderize.io. Data of first and last authors, article type and topic, location, citation, and funding metrics were analyzed. Chi-square, logistic regression, and trend tests were performed where appropriate. Statistical significance was set at <0.05.

Results.
Women’s first and last authorship increased over time among all journals. There was an increase in women first authors in the American Journal of Transplantation and in senior women authors in Liver Transplantation and Transplantation. Significant differences in gender authorship in lung, intestine, pancreas, general, and islet cell transplantation were found. Women’s last authorship was associated with 1.69 higher odds of having a woman first author when adjusting for year and journal. There was an increase in the rate of women’s first and last author collaborations over the years. Women last authors had 1.5 higher odds of being funded by the National Institutes of Health over the years.

Conclusions.
Despite an increase in women transplant surgeons and physicians, the gap in women authorship in transplantation persists. Women’s last authorship was associated with higher odds of having a woman first author, pointing to the importance of mentorship for women joining the transplant academia.
A Longitudinal Evaluation of the Pattern of Social Cognition Impairment in Brazilians With Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Belfort Almeida dos Santos Tatiana Teresa , Nogueira Marcela Moreira Lima , Lacerda Isabel Barbeito , Brandt Michelle , de Lucena Aline Tavares , Rangel Rogeria , Gaigher Julia , Oliveira Felipe , Dourado Marcia Cristina Nascimento 
Published: November 2023

Background:
Social cognition (SC) impairments contribute to the dependence of people with Alzheimer disease (AD), influencing their functional disability and the burden on family members and caregivers. Our objective was to longitudinally investigate the relationship between SC and cognitive and clinical variables in persons with AD and their caregivers. We also evaluated the different SC predictors from 3 perspectives: people with AD, caregivers of people with AD, and discrepancy analysis.

Methods:
In all, 137 dyads (people with AD and their caregivers) underwent 2 assessments: at baseline (M1) and after 1 year (M2). During follow-up, 58 dyads were excluded, and the study was thus concluded with 79.

Results:
Longitudinal analysis of the people with AD showed that while some cognitive functions declined (which is consistent with disease progression), SC impairments showed a more stable pattern. Another interesting result was related to SC predictors. For people with AD, SC was associated with cognition at both time points. For caregivers, besides cognition, other predictors included reduced functional abilities and quality of life in people with AD. These results are consistent with the discrepancy predictors.

Conclusion:
The stable pattern in SC functioning over 12 months in AD suggests that this neurocognitive domain may be influenced more by emotional processing than by cognitive impairment. In addition, the SC predictors showed that the investigation of different points of view enables a more global understanding, contributing to better and more targeted treatment for the patient.
TMS-EEG shows mindfulness meditation is associated with an altered excitation/inhibition balance in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
Authors: Humble Gregory , Geddes Harry , Baell Oliver , Payne Jake Elijah , Hill Aron T , Chung Sung Wook , Emonson Melanie , Osborn Melissa , Caldwell Bridget , Fitzgerald Paul B , Cash Robin , Bailey Neil W 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveMindfulness meditation is associated with functional brain changes in regions subserving higher order cognitive processes such as attention. However, no research to date has causally probed these areas in meditators using combined transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroencephalography (EEG). This study aimed to investigate whether cortical reactivity to TMS differs in a community sample of experienced mindfulness meditators when compared to matched controlsMethodsTMS was applied to the left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortices (DLPFC) of 19 controls and 15 meditators while brain responses were measured using EEG. TMS-evoked potentials (P60 and N100) were analysed, and exploratory analyses using the whole EEG scalp field were performed to test whether TMS-evoked global neural response strength or the distribution of neural activity differed between groups.ResultsMeditators were found to have statistically larger P60/N100 ratios in response to left and right hemisphere DLPFC stimulation compared to controls (pFDR= 0.004, BF10> 39). No differences were observed in P60 or N100 amplitudes when examined in isolation. We also found preliminary evidence for differences in the distribution of neural activity 269-332ms post stimulation.ConclusionThese findings demonstrate differences in cortical reactivity to TMS in meditators. Differences in the distribution of neural activity approximately 300ms following stimulation suggest differences in cortico-subcortical reverberation in meditators that may be indicative of greater inhibitory activity in frontal regions. This research contributes to our current understanding of the neurophysiology of mindfulness and highlights opportunities for further exploration into the mechanisms underpinning the benefits of mindfulness meditation.