bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Attitude Strength in Addressing the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Siev Joseph J. , Xu Mengran , Luttrell Andrew , Petty Richard E. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the role that attitude strength plays in influencing behaviors relevant to COVID-19. Strong attitudes are those that are durable and impactful in guiding behavior. After explaining the antecedents and consequences of strong attitudes, the first part of this chapter focuses on two techniques that have proven successful in changing deeply entrenched views. The first relies on matching the message to some characteristic of the attitude, such as presenting moral arguments to those whose attitudes are based on morality. The second involves using a two-sided, rather than the traditional one-sided, message to render people more open to opposing views. The second half of the chapter describes research on when strong attitudes are more likely to govern behavior than weak ones versus when the opposite is more likely. Evidence is provided for the idea that when a self-threat is salient, weak attitudes can be more effective in guiding behavior than are strong attitudes because of efforts to compensate for the threat by bolstering one’s weakly held views. For each topic, suggestions for future research are included.
Collective Resilience and the COVID-19 Experience
Authors: Cocking Chris , Ntontis Evangelos , Vestergren Sara , Luzynska Katarzyna 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
While the COVID-19 pandemic brought global suffering, people also came together and engaged in remarkable acts of solidarity. Public behavior was mostly orderly, contrary to what is often expected by those in authority. Furthermore, cooperation was more common than selfish behavior, disproving the predictions of irrationality and/or “mass panic” that often emerge during extreme events. This emergence of solidarity is explained by the social identity model of collective psychosocial resilience (SIMCPR). This social psychological model argues that social bonds can develop when people experience a common fate during an emergency. Shared social identities help explain the cooperative behavior and social support seen during the pandemic, such as the emergence of localized mutual aid groups. This chapter explores cooperation and collective resilience during the pandemic. It is argued that sharing a social identity with others tended to increase from involvement in mutual aid, highlighting how participation shaped people’s experiences, behaviors, and overall collective resilience during the pandemic. Wider implications for emergency planning policy and practice and possible future research are discussed.
Staying Together While Apart
Authors: Bayer Andrea , White Sara V. , Ehrenreich Samuel E. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Social media and digital communication have had a powerful impact on the way that people interact with their peers and peer networks. Although researchers have identified both strengths and weaknesses of engaging with social networks via digital media, the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent social distancing forced many to rely almost entirely on these digital platforms for peer interaction. People’s experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic varied greatly and were often shaped by their digital media usage. The transformational framework proposes five primary ways that social media has changed peer relationships. This chapter examines how these key aspects of social media facilitated (and at times hindered) efforts to stay connected with peers during COVID-19 social distancing procedures. The chapter offers general ideas for future research on this topic related to the pandemic experiences. The lessons that can be learned for policymakers, educators, and parents are also discussed.
Xenophobia, Prejudice, Stigma, and the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Estrada-Reynolds Victoria , Willis-Esqueda Cynthia 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Societies experience racial bias and prejudices in countless facets of life. There is a natural human tendency to dislike and dehumanize those who are different from us. Thus, people blame the outgroup for negative experiences and develop negative attitudes against them. Such tendencies can be exacerbated by fear and stress—as in a pandemic experience. During the pandemic, there are stories of fear-based stigma against people with cough-based allergies, Asians, people who traveled for pleasure, or people who contracted COVID-19. These microlevel behaviors can reflect hatred, xenophobia, and discrimination, which creates negative experiences for targets. The purpose of this chapter is to examine individual-level factors related to general bias (e.g., social identity perspectives, threat, and emotions) and how bias can be applied to enhanced prejudice and discrimination resulting from the pandemic.
Dreams in the Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Tuominen Jarno , Revonsuo Antti , Valli Katja 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, alterations seem to be taking place not only in waking lives but also in dreaming minds. As such, the current pandemic allows people not only a glimpse of the way our dreams change in response to such drastic events but also a way to test specific theories about the functions of dreaming. What, if anything, are dreams for? Specifically, different dream theories propose that they mirror waking life, fulfill wishes, simulate threatening events, aid in social interaction and belonging, and regulate emotions. Given the specific ways the pandemic has affected our lives in the social, economic, and internal spheres, researchers can derive from some dream theories empirical hypotheses on the effects of the pandemic on dream contents. Dreams give a phenomenological perspective on what goes on within our minds when there is minimal or no ongoing external sensory input to furrow one’s experiences. Knowledge on how changes during waking life affect the contents of dreaming can be used for explanation, understanding, and prediction of internal reactions to cataclysmic events.
Terror Management During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Horner Dylan E. , Sielaff Alex , Pyszczynski Tom , Greenberg Jeff 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic raised awareness of myriad personal, social, and political issues. Perhaps most strikingly, the spread of the virus and barrage of media coverage heightened people’s awareness of mortality, making death-related thoughts particularly salient. Research based on terror management theory has shown that heightened death awareness motivates people to strive for psychological comfort by marshaling two kinds of psychological defenses. When death is in focal attention, proximal defenses are activated, in which people either do pragmatic things to avoid dying or become avoidant and denial oriented and distract themselves from thoughts of death. When death is close to consciousness but not in focal attention, distal defenses are activated, in which people shore up their sense that life is meaningful, and that they are significant contributors to that meaningful life. This typically involves becoming more defensive of one’s worldview and striving for self-worth. Collectively, this prior research bears important implications for the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a terror management perspective, this chapter highlights the literature and its implications for postpandemic outcomes and offers directions for future research.
Scattered Black and Whites
Authors: Kinsella Elaine , Sumner Rachel 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
There are opportunities for social scientists to adopt both complementary and contrasting perspectives as a means of drawing greater meaning about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the lives of others. This chapter shares experiences of conducting COVID-19 pandemic research and of exploring both the “light” side (looking at heroism, post-traumatic growth, sense of meaning in life) and the “dark” side (looking at stress, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder) of front-line workers in the United Kingdom and Ireland during COVID-19. The chapter explores the opportunities and challenges of drawing from multiple theoretical perspectives and illustrates why it is important for researchers not to impose their own biases and assumptions about how other people are experiencing significant life events.
On the Ethics of Social Science Research During a Pandemic
Authors: Schoenegger Philipp , Pummer Theron 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic brought significant challenges for most aspects of life in 2020. Unsurprisingly, social science research has not been spared and also has to grapple with new challenges of a scientific and an ethical nature. This chapter focuses on four main ethical challenges facing social scientists conducting research in a pandemic as well as drawing out more general lessons for future research and science communication. The four main ethical challenges discussed in this chapter are (1) informed voluntary participation, (2) trade-offs between scientific interests and health, (3) the role and speed of institutional review boards, and (4) the communication of potentially applicable findings to policymakers. It is argued that these issues are of significant ethical importance in this pandemic and that the findings will generalize to many further disasters of similar proportions, especially when it comes to the speed requirement foisted on institutional review boards and the need for an ethic of science communication that is fit for emergencies.
COVID-19-Related Community Sentiment Studies
Authors: Murphy Evan , Boppre Breanna 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Conducting community sentiment research during or about the COVID-19 pandemic comes with its own set of challenges. It is important to measure and understand community sentiment about legal policies because sentiment can affect how policies are interpreted, enforced, and followed, as well as how people who are affected by a policy view the legal system generally. This chapter discusses sentiment toward legal actions (i.e., laws, policies, or procedures) relevant to the COVID-19 pandemic. First discussed are common methods to measure community sentiment and highlight how studies have measured sentiment toward pandemic-related legal actions. It is explained how sentiment can vary by individual differences, such as knowledge, personal relevance, emotions, and political orientation. Then, methodological considerations are discussed with recommended solutions to gaining access to and engaging with communities impacted by issues related to the pandemic and the legal system. Finally, suggestions are provided for research dissemination in light of the urgency of COVID-19. Ultimately, community sentiment research is key to understanding the impacts of the pandemic and developing policies and laws to address emerging challenges.
On Display
Authors: Boy John D. , Uitermark Justus 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Two billion people around the world use Instagram. On Display examines how a platform that is unfailingly polished and ruthlessly judgmental shapes us and our environments. Instagram has a reputation for shallowness, but the ongoing self-presentation it demands confronts users with profound dilemmas as it compels them to do serious soul-searching. What do we want to show of ourselves? Who are we? What do we want to be? On Display is a book about how people remake their worlds through social media. It examines how personalities, relations, social movements, urban subcultures, and city streets change as they are represented on Instagram. Through computational analysis, the authors reveal how Instagram is implicated in social inequalities, while interviews and ethnographic vignettes provide an intimate account of the desires and anxieties that animate the platform. Whereas many have argued that social media promote polarization, On Display shows that this is not so for Instagram: its users are embedded in large and diverse networks, compelling them to take many, often contradictory, expectations into account. Existing theories about social media are often a poor fit for Instagram. The authors propose a new perspective: social media are stages for status displays rather than public spheres for the exchange of arguments.
Staging Status
Authors: Bronsvoort Irene , Boy John D. , Uitermark Justus 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
As the city becomes an Instagram playground, it serves as a stage for status displays. Posing in fashionable establishments and hip neighborhoods is a priceless status marker. As a result, certain stores and streetscapes start to dominate feeds, and their Instagram visibility frequently acts back on these places. Zooming in on a single Amsterdam shopping street, this chapter traces this process in detail, documenting through interviews, observations, and media analysis how new residents in a gentrifying neighborhood shape the neighborhood’s image. High-status establishments are the winners of this process, while other establishments risk dropping off the map unless they become “Insta-proof” by embracing dominant aesthetics.
Introduction
Authors: Bonnes Stephanie 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this chapter the author explains how sexual assault, sexual harassment, and nonsexual harassment in the military are estimated to be increasing, but reporting sexual violence is decreasing in the institution despite over a decade of prevention and education efforts. The sexual assaults at the Navy Tailhook convention led to the start of widespread organizational change and policies to prevent sexual violence, but these strategies left in place a highly gendered culture that produces sexual assault vulnerability. Unequal gender dynamics are intensified in the military by organizational features, including the military’s status as a near-total institution and a culture that denigrates femininity and encourages warrior masculinity. To make effective change in this area, it is key to understand how gendered and femmephobic assumptions are embedded in the organization’s bureaucracy, institutional values, practices, processes, and military spatial arrangements and geography. The participants are introduced and a roadmap is provided for the rest of the book.
International Human Rights Law
Authors: Glennon Michael J. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Facebook’s Oversight Board upheld Donald Trump’s suspension not because he incited violence, which the First Amendment would not protect, but because he glorified violence, which the Board said is unprotected under international law, even though it is protected by the First Amendment. This chapter suggests that so-called content-moderation cases such as Facebook’s suspension of Trump should be government by the First Amendment, not international human rights law. The two are fundamentally different. International human rights law aims to protect individuals’ rights from interference by states, not from interference by other individuals or businesses. Adherence to it by private companies is voluntary and nonbinding. It is not a single, monolithic body of law. It is incomplete, fragmented, and inconsistent. Some of its elements allow speech suppression that is flatly incompatible with that permitted by the Constitution. The principal provisions of its seminal treaties are often vague and loophole-ridden. They have spawned state practice and customary international law that are confusing and contradictory. The net effect is a false universalism, a façade of consensus that masks indeterminacy and enables arbitrariness and cherry-picking.
Paul Robeson's Voices
Authors: Olwage Grant 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Paul Robeson’s Voices is a meditation on Robeson’s singing, a study of the artist’s life in song. It is interested in Robeson’s voice as it exists in two broad, and intersecting, domains: as sound object and sounding gesture, fashioned in the contexts of singing practices, in concert and recorded performance; and as subject of identification, that is, how the voice envoices modes of subjectivity, of being. The book is a study of Robeson’s vocality. It argues, moreover, that it is through the aesthetic that the subject and its politics are constituted. Robeson shaped his sense of self and politics through song. Paul Robeson’s Voices charts the dialectal process of Robeson’s vocal/self-discovery, documenting some of the ways Robeson’s practice revised the traditions of concert singing in the first half of the twentieth century and how his voice resisted. By singing plurally Robeson sang against.
Do These Meetings Need an Agenda?
Authors: Rogelberg Steven G. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Chapter 7 explains the importance of having an agenda during 1:1 meetings. Having an agenda created in advance or even at the beginning of the meeting itself was associated with more positive ratings of 1:1 meeting value. However, the key to effectiveness is having your direct actively involved in drafting up the agenda or creating it with you together. The chapter elaborates on the listing approach and the core question approach as models of agenda creation. It notes how tracking metrics can provide insight into an employee's performance while warning of the possibility of micromanagement if tracking is done every meeting.
Is There a General Model for Conducting 1:1s?
Authors: Rogelberg Steven G. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Chapter 8 tackles the general model of conducting 1:1 meetings. It highlights the role of the manager as an orchestrator and a facilitator instead of a dominator. The 1:1 model integrates perspectives and approaches advocated for in the communication, coaching, facilitation, mentoring, meetings, and negotiation literature. The model is designed to address both the personal and practical needs of the direct. It further stresses that a successful 1:1 relies on the manager not talking more than the direct report—the direct’s voice must emerge and be heard. The chapter cites note-taking of both parties as the final element of the 1:1 model. It also explains the importance of managers soliciting feedback on their managerial behavior and actions.
What Do I Do to Meet the Personal Needs of Others?
Authors: Rogelberg Steven G. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Chapter 9 explains how 1:1 meetings play a pivotal role given their focus on addressing the direct’s practical and personal needs. This chapter focusses on the latter, the personal needs. Ideally the hope is that the direct leaves the 1:1 feeling respected, valued, heard, understood, and supported. Moreover, satisfying personal needs also builds a climate of psychological safety that can elevate and enhance the value of the meetings. The chapter then explores five interrelated categories of behaviors that emerged as key to promoting personal needs satisfaction. The aforementioned behaviors revolve around listening and responding with empathy, communicating authentically and transparently, involving directs, being kind and supportive, and demonstrating appropriate vulnerability.
How Do I Start and End 1:1s—And the Middle Stuff Too?
Authors: Rogelberg Steven G. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the process of conducting a 1:1 meeting. There are four key stages of 1:1 meetings: 1) Pre-Start, 2) Start, 3) The Heart, and 4) End. The Pre-Start of 1:1s ensures you prepare for the meeting and show up with the right mindset. The heart is the core of the 1:1. Five key phases happen in this phase: 1) Expressing, 2) Clarifying and Understanding, 3) Solutioning, 4) Crafting Next Steps, and 5) Monitoring the Agenda. The end of the 1:1 is a critical opportunity to review and informally document key takeaways. Always make sure to end on time, with gratitude, a reiteration of your support.
Songs to Entertain Foreign Royalty
Authors: Wilbourne Emily 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter addresses the problems that arise when theatrical performances from the seventeenth century are identified as “orientalist” or “exotic” and points out the limited toolkit that scholars currently have for thinking about race and representation in early modern musical theater, particularly in comparison with the sophisticated analytics that are already in place to analyze gender and class. A close reading is given of the narrative and surviving music to the Balletto della cortesia (1614), composed by Francesca Caccini and performed during carnival in the Medici palace. The performance is contextualized in relation to the presence at court of the Lebanese emir Fakhr ad-Dīn and his entourage, arguing that the smooth, European surface of Caccini’s surviving music does not demonstrate ignorance of foreign sounds but rather a presumed class equivalence between the elite of different nations.
Music all’Usanza Loro (Performed in a Foreign Way)
Authors: Wilbourne Emily 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Musicologists have long claimed that early modern Western music representing foreign cultures contains no legitimate traces of foreign musical sounds. This chapter argues the opposite, tracing the use of the phrase all’usanza loro (“in their own style”) through theatrical descriptions and travel narratives. The musical examples come from unnotated repertoires, including music for trumpets, drums, and other percussion instruments as well as popular strophic songs. Staged Florentine representations of “Indians” (particularly indigenous Americans) are juxtaposed with testimony about the Americas that was known and heard in Florence, foregrounding individuals who came to Florence from the Americas or who had visited there.
Scholarly Transcriptions of Foreign Musical Sounds
Authors: Wilbourne Emily 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Where the three previous chapters considered a widespread, popular understanding of what the foreign sounded like, this short chapter turns to the esoteric and detail-oriented work of early modern scholars. Experimental work on ancient Greek musical practices and proto-ethnographic transcriptions of Middle Eastern music represent two seventeenth-century Italian musical cultures in which scholars labored to transcribe and recreate eastern Mediterranean sounds. Here these practices are considered alongside the circulation and appropriation of foreign musical sounds within un-notated popular and military traditions. Though the extant transcriptions are relatively rare, written and contextual sources indicate that a considerable knowledge of such musics was in circulation, and this fact needs to be incorporated into any consideration of foreign sound.
Buonaccorsi as a Soprano
Authors: Wilbourne Emily 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Because several musical scores associated with Giovannino Buonaccorsi’s performance have survived, it is possible to make some very specific observations about his vocal facility. This chapter analyzes two arias as sung by Buonaccorsi in two Florentine operas: “Più durar io non la posso” from Il potestà di Colognole (perf. 1657) and “E a chi non scapperebbe la pazienza?” from Ercole in Tebe (perf. 1661). The two arias have strong similarities, and an argument is made for a characteristic performance practice of his stock role. The question of whether Buonaccorsi was a castrato or a countertenor is addressed, as are the ramifications of his race and enslavement on his possible castration.