bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polydopamine nanoplatform with near infrared light and pH dual stimuli-responsive for chemo-photothermal cancer therapy
Authors: Tan He , Luo Zhong , Jia Mengran , Liu Zhuang , An Jinxia , Gao Hui 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Photothermal agent accompanying with thermally responsive materials, displays well controlled drug release property, which is well-received as an outstanding design strategy for simultaneous photothermal/chemotherapy in cancer. Cyanine dye, as the prestigious photothermal agent has shown great potential due to its preeminent near-infrared absorbance and excellent thermal conversion efficiency. However, their inherent defect such as inferior photothermal stability, high leakage risk and poor therapy efficacy limit their further application in cancer therapy. Hence, a facile and universal strategy to make up these deficiencies is developed. Chemotherapeutic drug DOX and cyanine dye were loaded into polydopamine (PDA) nanoparticles. The PDA encapsulation dramatically improved the photothermal stability of cyanine dye. Attributed by the PDA structure feature, the thermo-sensitive small molecule glyamine (Gla) is introduced into the PDA surface to lessen leakage. The Gla can form a dense encapsulation layer on the dopamine surface through hydrogen bond. This newly fabricated Cyanine/DOX@PDA-Gla nanopaltform is characterized with NIR light/pH dual-responsive property, high NIR photothermal conversion performance and fluorescence guided chemo-photothermal therapy.
Switchable bi-functional metasurface for absorption and broadband polarization conversion in terahertz band using vanadium dioxide and photosensitive silicon
Authors: Luo Bing , Qi Yunping , Zhou Zihao , Shi Qiang , Wang Xiangxian 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We proposed a bi-functional switchable metasurface based on vanadium dioxide (VO2) and photosensitive silicon. The metasurface functions as a transmissive polarization converter in its insulating state with asymmetric transmission characteristics. It attains a remarkable polarization conversion rate (PCR) surpassing 90% and a notable maximum asymmetric transmission (AT) parameter value of 0.73. This performance is observed within the frequency range from 4.31 to 7.86 THz. Dynamic regulation of PCR and AT can be achieved by adjusting the conductivity of photosensitive silicon. To illustrate the underlying factor behind the broadband polarization conversion, the surface current distribution is analyzed at 5.96 THz and 6.08 THz. On the other hand, when VO2 is in the metallic state, the metasurface transforms into a bidirectional absorber with near-perfect absorption in both illumination directions. Under forward incidence of terahertz waves, the absorption rates for the transverse electric and transverse magnetic waves are 99.3% at 3.54 THz and 93% at 3.56 THz, respectively. The physical mechanism of near-perfect absorption is explained using impedance matching theory and the electric field distribution. This research expands the applications of transmissive polarization converters within multifunctional metasurfaces, providing new avenues for their practical implementation.
Novel MoS2-decorated Cu2O hybrid nanoparticles for enhanced non-enzymatic electrochemical cholesterol detection
Authors: K M Janani , L Ashok Kumar , M Alagappan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Precise identification of cholesterol levels is crucial for the early diagnosis of cardiovascular risk factors. This paper presents a novel approach for cholesterol detection that circumvents the reliance on enzymatic processes. Leveraging the unique properties of advanced materials and electrochemical principles, our non-enzymatic approach demonstrates enhanced sensitivity, specificity, and limit of detection in cholesterol analysis. A non-enzymatic electrochemical biosensor for Cholesterol, employing a nanohybrid comprising Cu2O nanoparticles decorated with MoS2, is presented. The cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and amperometry techniques were employed to investigate the electrochemical behaviour of the glassy carbon electrode modified with the Cu2O/MoS2 nanohybrid. The modified electrode exhibited an excellent sensitivity of 111.74 μA μM−1 cm−2 through the CV method and showcased a low detection limit of 2.18 μM and an expansive linear range spanning 0.1–180 μM when employing the DPV method. The electrode also showed good selectivity to various interfering components in 0.1 M NaOH and a satisfied stability of about 15 days at room temperature. The study demonstrates the potential for broader applications in clinical diagnostics and monitoring cardiovascular health, paving the way for a paradigm shift in cholesterol detection methodologies and offering a more efficient and cost-effective alternative to traditional enzymatic assays.
MRI non-rigid registration with tumor contraction correction for ablative margin assessment after microwave ablation of hepatocellular carcinomas
Authors: Dong Li-nan , Wang Shouchao , Dong Guoping , Kong Dexing , Liang Ping 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective. This study aims to develop and assess a tumor contraction model, enhancing the precision of ablative margin (AM) evaluation after microwave ablation (MWA) treatment for hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). Approach. We utilize a probabilistic method called the coherent point drift algorithm to align pre-and post-ablation MRI images. Subsequently, a nonlinear regression method quantifies local tumor contraction induced by MWA, utilizing data from 47 HCC with viable ablated tumors in post-ablation MRI. After automatic non-rigid registration, correction for tumor contraction involves contracting the 3D contour of the warped tumor towards its center in all orientations. Main results. We evaluate the performance of our proposed method on 30 HCC patients who underwent MWA. The Dice similarity coefficient between the post-ablation liver and the warped pre-ablation livers is found to be 0.95 ± 0.01, with a mean corresponding distance between the corresponding landmarks measured at 3.25 ± 0.62 mm. Additionally, we conduct a comparative analysis of clinical outcomes assessed through MRI over a 3 month follow-up period, noting that the AM, as evaluated by our proposed method, accurately detects residual tumor after MWA. Significance. Our proposed method showcases a high level of accuracy in MRI liver registration and AM assessment following ablation treatment. It introduces a potentially approach for predicting incomplete ablations and gauging treatment success.
Assessment of valve regurgitation severity via contrastive learning and multi-view video integration
Authors: Kim Sekeun , Ren Hui , Charton Jerome , Hu Jiang , Maraboto Gonzalez Carola A , Khambhati Jay , Cheng Justin , DeFrancesco Jeena , Waheed Anam A , Marciniak Sylwia , Moura Filipe , Cardoso Rhanderson N , Lima Bruno B , McKinney Suzannah , Picard Michael H , Li Xiang , Li Quanzheng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective. This paper presents a novel approach for addressing the intricate task of diagnosing aortic valve regurgitation (AR), a valvular disease characterized by blood leakage due to incompetence of the valve closure. Conventional diagnostic techniques require detailed evaluations of multi-modal clinical data, frequently resulting in labor-intensive and time-consuming procedures that are vulnerable to varying subjective assessment of regurgitation severity. Approach. In our research, we introduce the multi-view video contrastive network, designed to leverage multiple color Doppler imaging inputs for multi-view video processing. We leverage supervised contrastive learning as a strategic approach to tackle class imbalance and enhance the effectiveness of our feature representation learning. Specifically, we introduce a contrastive learning framework to enhance representation learning within the embedding space through inter-patient and intra-patient contrastive loss terms. Main results. We conducted extensive experiments using an in-house dataset comprising 250 echocardiography video series. Our results exhibit a substantial improvement in diagnostic accuracy for AR compared to state-of-the-art methods in terms of accuracy by 9.60%, precision by 8.67%, recall by 9.01%, and F
1-score by 8.92%. These results emphasize the capacity of our approach to provide a more precise and efficient method for evaluating the severity of AR. Significance. The proposed model could quickly and accurately make decisions about the severity of AR, potentially serving as a useful prescreening tool.
Effect of nonlinearity, magnetic islands on turbulence and observation of electron energization, temperature anisotropy at Earth’s magnetopause (magnetosphere)
Authors: Upadhyay Manoj K , Uma R , Sharma R P 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Space missions’ observations have shown that waves such as lower hybrid waves (LHWs), whistler waves, and kinetic Alfven waves play a vital role in magnetic reconnection, turbulence, and particle acceleration. This paper studies the effect of nonlinearity and the magnetic islands on lower hybrid turbulence and current sheets in Earth’s magnetopause region. The evolution of electromagnetic LHW has been studied with numerical model using pseudo-spectral method for spatial integration and finite difference method with modified predictor-corrector approach for temporal integration. We have considered both ion and electron dynamics and included electromagnetic and warm plasma effects in our model. The study outcomes reveal that both the nonlinear effects and magnetic islands are responsible for the evolution of LHWs and current sheets to a chaotic and turbulent state. We have also used the semi-analytical model to elaborate on the physics behind the localization. Finally, the nonlinear model with field perturbations (magnetic islands) is further used to elaborate on the electron energization and temperature anisotropy near reconnection regions. We have also discussed the relevance of model predictions in the context of the MMS mission observations at Earth’s magnetopause.
Dynamic response of nanosecond repetitively pulsed discharges to combustion dynamics: regime transitions driven by flame oscillations
Authors: Pavan Colin A , Shanbhogue Santosh J , Weibel Drew E , Gomez del Campo Felipe , Ghoniem Ahmed F , Guerra-Garcia Carmen 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
When using nanosecond repetitively pulsed discharges to actuate on dynamic combustion instabilities, the environment the discharge is created in is unsteady and changing on the timescale of the combustion processes. As a result, individual discharge pulses are triggered in a background gas that evolves at the timescale of combustion dynamics, and pulse-to-pulse variations may be observed during the instability cycle. Prior work has studied nanosecond pulsed discharges in pin-to-ring configurations used to control instabilities in lean-operating swirl-stabilized combustors, and observed variable discharge behavior. The focus of this work is on characterizing how the pulse-to-pulse discharge morphology, energy deposition, and actuation authority, evolve during the combustion instability cycle. This has important implications for designing effective plasma-assisted combustion control schemes. The discharge is observed in two distinct modes, a streamer corona and a nanosecond spark, with the occurrence of each regime directly linked to the phase of the combustor instability. Variation of pulse repetition frequency affects the total fraction of pulses in each mode, while variation of voltage affects the onset of the nanosecond spark mode. The transitions are described in terms of ratios of the relevant combustion and plasma timescales and the implications of this coupled interaction on the design of an effective control scheme is discussed.
3D simulations of positive streamers in air in a strong external magnetic field
Authors: Wang Zhen , Sun Anbang , Dujko Saša , Ebert Ute , Teunissen Jannis 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We study how external magnetic fields from 0 to 40 T influence positive streamers in atmospheric pressure air, using 3D PIC-MCC (particle-in-cell, Monte Carlo collision) simulations. When a magnetic field
B
is applied perpendicular to the background electric field
E
, the streamers deflect towards the

+
B

and

−
B

directions which results in a branching into two main channels. With a stronger magnetic field the angle between the branches increases, and for the 40 T case the branches grow almost parallel to the magnetic field. Due to the

E
×
B

drift of electrons we also observe a streamer deviation in the opposite

−
E
×
B

direction, where the minus sign appears because positive streamers propagate opposite to the electron drift velocity. The deviation due to this

E
×
B

effect is smaller than the deviation parallel to
B
. In both cases of
B
perpendicular and parallel to
E
, the streamer radius decreases with the magnetic field strength. We relate our observations to the effects of electric and magnetic fields on electron transport and reaction coefficients.
The electronic and electromagnetic Dirac equations
Authors: Li Mingjie , Horsley S A R 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Maxwell’s equations and the Dirac equation are the first-order differential relativistic wave equation for electromagnetic waves and electronic waves respectively. Hence, there is a notable similarity between these two wave equations, which has been widely researched since the Dirac equation was proposed. In this paper, we show that the Maxwell equations can be written in an exact form of the Dirac equation by representing the four Dirac operators with

8
×
8

matrices. Unlike the ordinary

4
×
4

Dirac equation, both spin–1/2 and spin–1 operators can be derived from the

8
×
8

Dirac equation, manifesting that the

8
×
8

Dirac equation is able to describe both electrons and photons. As a result of the restrictions that the electromagnetic wave is a transverse wave, the photon is a spin–1 particle. The four–current in the Maxwell equations and the mass in the electronic Dirac equation also force the electromagnetic field to transform differently to the electronic field. We use this

8
×
8

representation to find that the Zitterbewegung of the photon is actually the oscillatory part of the Poynting vector, often neglected upon time averaging.
Effect of doping with cobalt on the structure and optical properties of zinc oxide thin films prepared by sol-gel method
Authors: Khamis Fawzeia , Degig N M , Allaham Mohammad M , Mousa Marwan S 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this study, pure zinc oxide films doped with a cobalt percentage of 3% were prepared using Sol-Gel spin coating technique on a glass substrate at a temperature of 100 degrees Celsius. The structural and optical properties of these films have been studied. Structure properties are obtained by using x-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, they were carried out using a device of type (Panalytical X ‘Pert pro) with a target of type (Cu Kα) and a wavelength of (λ = 1.541 Ao). The diagnostic results showed that these films are polycrystalline and have a hexagonal structure with preferential orientation at (101). The Optical properties are concluded from absorption and transmission measurements, which are obtained by using the double beam UV-Visible1800 spectrophotometer in the wavelength (300–800) nm. It was found that the absorbance increases with increasing the doping percentage (1, 2, 3, and 4)mol%, while the transmittance is decreased. The optical properties also included the energy gap, the absorption coefficient, the reflectivity, the refractive index, the extinction coefficient, and the dielectric constant in its real and imaginary parts. It was found that the energy gap values decreased in the range 3.32–3.03 eV and the transmittance rate was 90% within the visible spectrum region.
The isotopic composition of the new enriched silicon crystal Si28-31Pr11: maintaining the realization and dissemination of the mole and the kilogram via the XRCD method
Authors: Pramann Axel , Rienitz Olaf 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The molar mass and isotopic composition of a new silicon single crystal material (Si28-31Pr11) highly enriched in 28Si has been determined in the context of the x-ray crystal density method used for the realization and dissemination of the SI base units‒the mole and the kilogram. Isotope ratio measurements have been performed using a high-resolution multicollector-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS) with improved technical performance. By applying the Virtual-Element Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry method, different crystal areas enclosing the locations of two silicon spheres have been investigated with respect to the magnitude of tentative variations in the molar mass and isotopic composition of the respective samples as a function of their original location in the crystal ingot. In total, 18 subsamples from four different axial and several related radial positions have been characterized. An average molar mass M(Si28-31Pr11) = 27.976 941 464(41) g mol−1 corresponding to a relative combined uncertainty u
c,rel(M(Si28-31Pr11)) = 1.4 × 10−9 was yielded. The average enrichment in 28Si of the crystal is expressed by the mean amount-of-substance fraction x(28Si) = 0.999 985 350(37). Two spheres were cut from the crystal ingot. The average molar masses of the spheres Si28kg_03_a and Si28kg_03_b are: M(Si28kg_03_a) = 27.976 941 467(43) g mol−1 and M(Si28kg_03_b) = 27.976 941 461(44) g mol−1, respectively. The results are discussed using uncertainty budgets according to the Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement. A homogeneous distribution of the molar mass throughout the crystal is suggested, qualifying it as a material for a primary standard–a silicon sphere–for the realization and dissemination of the mole and the kilogram. A comparison with enriched silicon crystals that are already available is given.
A novel prediction model of the freckle defects for single-crystal superalloy blades
Authors: Liu Y , Wang F 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The freckle is a typical surface defect formed during the directional solidification of SC (single crystal) components of Ni-based superalloys. It generally appears as a long and narrow trail of equiaxed grains aligned roughly parallel to the direction of gravity, which breaks the integrity. Once appears, the freckle can never be avoided by further treatment. With the turbine blade requirements increasing, the state-of-the-art methods include adding more refractory elements into Ni-based SC superalloys, and the design of blades with a more complex geometric shape make the freckle defects grow easier at the special surface zones. This leads to a significant challenge in controlling grain defect formation in SC blades and vanes for freckles. The current consensus to freckle formation is described as the Rayleigh-Taylor instability (RTI) flow that occurred in the interdendritic zone. During solidification, the compositional segregation (CS) occurred as soon as the solid interface forwarding led to the density changes between the interdendritic melting phases and the residual liquids. For nickel-based superalloys, the enrichment of low-density solutes like Al, and Ti at the interdendritic zone will make the liquid lighter. However, the widely used Ra model can’t correctly match the freckle tendency of the components with complex shapes (called geometrical effects of freckles), especially for blades. Recent reports indicate that the freckles occur at the preferred positions in the casting. In this work, a novel model is designed to quantitatively discuss the geometrical effects on freckle formation and to combine existing Ra number models with solidification models to enable freckle predictions at a smaller scale. The proceeding of this work can make the design of complex blades easier.
Study on high cycle fatigue performance at elevated temperature for a selective laser melted Ti6Al4V alloy
Authors: Jiao Z H , Xu R D , Yu H C , Wu L L , Wu X R 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Selective laser melted Ti6Al4V alloy has broad application prospects in aeroengine field. In this study, high cycle fatigue tests were carried out systematically using hourglass shaped specimen (K
t=1) at 400 °C. The S-N curves were acquired and compared with data of the casting and the forging. The anisotropy and the defect effects of the fatigue performance were analysed. The LOF defects on the surface and subsurface preferentially act as the fatigue crack initiation site for almost all the tested HCF specimens. The position and irregularity of defect have greater influence on elevated temperature fatigue life than the defect size. The fatigue strength of horizontal orientation is lower than that of vertical orientation, because of the characteristics of larger size, more irregular shape and higher density for the crack source defects of horizontal specimens. The fatigue performance of the SLM Ti6Al4V alloy in this study is better than that of the casting and even the forging, but the dispersion of fatigue data of the SLM alloy is much greater than that of the both traditional process alloys.
Study on Smart Street Light (SSL) using Ultra Narrowband (UNB) Technology: a case study of Malaysia Power Utility
Authors: Ruszaini N D , Abdullah K , Busrah A M 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Street light is important to road user and residential area to improve visibility and creating safer road by preventing traffic accidents and also by reducing crime. However, present practice for street lighting management largely remains a challenge. Smart Street Lighting (SSL) system is a system where the street lighting system adds up with communication technology producing a real time monitoring system. Smart Street Lighting (SSL) is known to gain high value creation through maintenance savings and improvement of the environmental impact for Malaysia. Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) through its research arm, TNB Research (TNBR) has recently carried a feasibility study on the compatibility of SSL system using Ultra Narrowband (UNB) technology on the energy efficient and better light intensity of light-emitting diode (LED) lighting technology street light. The SSL systems have been deployed on a small scale, tested and monitored at selected areas. This paper discussed the technical performance such as functionality and compatibility that have been assessed in the study.
Experimental investigations on the collapse of spiral-stiffened cylindrical shells under external hydrostatic pressure
Authors: Wang Xiaoyong , Zhuang Hong , Xu Shuhui , Tang Wenxian , Zhang Jian , Zhan Ming 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive experimental investigation into the collapse behavior of spiral stiffened cylindrical shells under external hydrostatic pressure. Spiral stiffened cylindrical shells with two different pitches and cylindrical shells were designed and fabricated. The fabricated specimens were divided into three groups. Each group has two identical specimens. Test specimens were welded from stainless steel. The shell was formed by cold bending, and the spiral ribs were welded to the surface of the shell to form a spiral stiffened cylindrical shell. Measurements of initial geometric imperfections and shell thickness were performed on the fabricated specimens to verify the accuracy of fabricating. Subsequently, the specimens were placed in a pressure chamber and pressurized until collapsed to obtain the ultimate collapse pressure and collapse modes. In addition, a uniaxial tensile test was conducted on the shell material to obtain its material properties. Experimental results indicated that the fabricated specimens had excellent repeatability and reasonable precision. The presence of a spiral rib effectively boosted the ultimate collapse pressure of the cylindrical shell with a more pronounced strengthening effect observed as the rib density increased.