bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of cyclooxygenase‐2 expression on tumor vascularity in advanced stage ovarian serous carcinoma
Authors: Ali‐Fehmi Rouba , Che Mingxin , Khalifeh Ibrahim , Malone John M. , Morris Robert , Lawrence W. Dwayne , Munkarah Adnan R. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDCyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) seems to be involved at various steps in the processes of malignant transformation and tumor progression. Investigations have shown that COX‐2 overexpression is associated with increased proliferation, reduced apoptosis, and angiogenesis.METHODSSpecimens from 125 patients with high‐grade, advanced‐stage (Stage III–IV) serous ovarian carcinoma were evaluated by immunohistochemistry for COX‐2, p53, bcl‐2, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and Her‐2/neu expression and for CD34‐stained microvessel density (MVD). Statistical analysis was performed to investigate the correlations between COX‐2 expression and 1) clinicopathologic characteristics, 2) tumor MVD, and 3) expression of other molecular markers. The effect of COX‐2 expression on survival was determined using survival analysis.RESULTSIncreased COX‐2 expression was significantly correlated with tumor MVD (Spearman rank correlation test: r = 0.41; P < 0.001). There was no association observed between COX‐2 expression and expression levels of EGFR, Her‐2/neu, bcl‐2, or p53. Patients who had tumors that showed high COX‐2 expression had a worse prognosis compared with patients who had tumors with low expression (death hazard ratio, 2.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.2–3.5; P < 0.001). A multivariate analysis revealed that COX‐2 expression was the strongest predictor of survival among the different prognostic factors analyzed.CONCLUSIONSThe current study demonstrated that COX‐2 expression was correlated significantly with survival in patients with high‐grade, high‐stage serous ovarian carcinoma. Expression of COX‐2 also was correlated with tumor angiogenesis but not with EGFR, Her‐2/neu, or p53 expression. In addition to their prognostic significance, a better understanding of the biology of these molecular changes may help identify new targets for therapy in patients with ovarian carcinoma. Cancer 2003;98:1423–9. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11650
Prognostic value of serum MUC5AC mucin in patients with cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Boonla Chanchai , Wongkham Sopit , Sheehan John Kieran , Wongkham Chaisiri , Bhudhisawasdi Vajarabhongsa , Tepsiri Nisana , Pairojkul Chawalit 
Published: September 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe authors recently showed that MUC5AC mucin, which is expressed aberrantly in tumor tissue, is present in significant concentrations in serum from patients with cholangiocarcinoma. Subsequently, determination of serum MUC5AC had high sensitivity and specificity for cholangiocarcinoma. In this study, the possible association between serum MUC5AC mucin and the clinical findings of the patients and their prognostic value were explored.METHODSThe expression of MUC5AC mucin in serum samples from 179 patients with histologically confirmed cholangiocarcinoma were determined using immunoblotting.RESULTSDetection of serum MUC5AC was associated with patients with blood group Type A, larger‐sized tumors (> 5 cm), and advanced‐stage disease. Patients who had positive serum MUC5AC status had a significantly poorer prognosis (median survival, 127 days; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 107–180 days) compared with patients who had negative serum MUC5AC status (median survival, 329 days; 95% CI, 199–458 days; P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis with adjustment for all covariates showed that patients who had positive serum MUC5AC status had a 2.5‐fold higher risk of death compared with patients who had negative serum MUC5AC status (P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONSSerum MUC5AC was associated with tumor burden. The determination of serum MUC5AC may be predictive of poor patient outcome and may be useful in selecting possible treatment options for patients with cholangiocarcinoma. Cancer 2003;98:1438–43. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11652
Expression of hepatoma‐derived growth factor in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Hu Tsung‐Hui , Huang Chao‐Cheng , Liu Li‐Feng , Lin Pey‐Ru , Liu Shang‐Yun , Chang Hsueh‐Wen , Changchien Chi‐Sin , Lee Chuan‐Mo , Chuang Jiin‐Haur , Tai Ming Hong 
Published: September 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDHepatoma‐derived growth factor (HDGF) is a novel growth factor derived from a hepatoma cell line. The current study was designed to elucidate the role of HDGF expression during the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).METHODSHDGF expression in hepatoma cell lines was analyzed using the reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), Western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence analysis. Immunohistochemical studies were performed to examine the intensity and spatial distribution of HDGF immunostaining in 105 HCC specimens. To evaluate its prognostic value, the labeling index of HDGF immunostaining was analyzed for potential correlations with the clinicopathologic characteristics of HCC.RESULTSRT‐PCR and Western blot analysis detected increased HDGF expression in malignant hepatoma cell lines. In resected HCC specimens, HDGF immunostaining was detected in the nuclei and cytoplasm of hepatocytes and hepatoma cells. HDGF levels in hepatoma tissue samples were significantly higher than in adjacent nontumor tissue samples (P < 0.05). Elevated nuclear HDGF levels were found to be correlated with loss of differentiation features (P < 0.05), absence of tumor capsules (P < 0.01), high α‐fetoprotein levels (P < 0.05), and overexpression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (P < 0.001). Kaplan–Meier analysis indicated that patients with higher nuclear HDGF levels had a shorter duration of survival and a higher incidence of recurrence (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated that for patients with HCC, the nuclear HDGF level is an independent prognostic factor for overall and disease‐free survival.CONCLUSIONSIncreased HDGF expression is correlated with the proliferating states of HCC and represents a novel prognostic factor for patients with HCC who have undergone surgery. Cancer 2003;98:1444–56. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11653
Analysis of the impact of imatinib mesylate therapy on the prognosis of patients with Philadelphia chromosome–positive chronic myelogenous leukemia treated with interferon‐α regimens for early chronic phase
Authors: Kantarjian Hagop , O'Brien Susan , Cortes Jorges , Shan Jianqin , Giles Francis , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Verstovsek Srdan , Faderl Stefan , Rios Mary Beth , Talpaz Moshe 
Published: September 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe effect on prognosis of adding imatinib mesylate to the treatment of patients with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)‐positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) has not been explored fully. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the benefit of adding imatinib to the treatment sequence of patients with early chronic phase Ph‐positive CML who received interferon α (IFN)‐based regimens as frontline therapy.METHODSA total of 201 patients with early chronic phase Ph‐positive CML who were treated on our 3 recent frontline IFN–based programs and were impacted early by the availability of sequential therapy with imatinib were analyzed. Their outcome was compared with that of a historical control group of 293 patients treated from 1982 until 1990 who were treated with IFN programs for early chronic phase CML and who did not have the opportunity of early access to imatinib (because it was not available during that period). Multivariate analysis was used to evaluate the independent effect of imatinib therapy on survival.RESULTSOf 201 patients who were treated, 159 patients (79%) had their regimen changed sequentially to imatinib after a median duration of 14 months of IFN therapy. Of 139 patients who continued evaluation at our institution, 101 patients (73%; 64% of the total group) achieved a complete cytogenetic response, and 20 of 80 patients analyzed (25%; 10% of the total group) had no disease according to molecular studies (quantitative polymerase chain reaction studies). The estimated 5‐year survival rate for the total study group of 201 patients was 86%. Survival of this group was significantly superior to the historic control group of IFN‐treated patients who did not have the benefit of imatinib (P= 0.03). The trend also was observed within defined CML risk groups. Imatinib therapy was confirmed as an independent, significant, favorable prognostic factor for survival by multivariate analysis, after accounting for the independent prognostic effect of pretreatment prognostic factors (P= 0.005).CONCLUSIONSThe current analysis is the first to indicate the independent, favorable effect of imatinib on the survival of patients with Ph‐positive CML. Cancer 2003;98:1430–7. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11665
Effects of smoking and radiotherapy on lung carcinoma in breast carcinoma survivors
Authors: Ford Melissa B. , Sigurdson Alice J. , Petrulis Elaine S. , Ng Chaan S. , Kemp Bonnie , Cooksley Catherine , McNeese Marsha , Selwyn Beatrice J. , Spitz Margaret R. , Bondy Melissa L. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe combined effects of thoracic radiotherapy (XRT) and cigarette smoking are not known with certainty, but they have important implications for lung carcinogenesis after cancer therapy in some patients. The authors analyzed smoking, radiation, and both exposures on lung carcinoma development in women who were treated previously for breast carcinoma.METHODSCase patients (n = 280) were female residents of the United States, ages 30–89 years, with breast carcinoma prior to primary lung carcinoma diagnosed between 1960 and 1997. Control patients (n = 300) were selected randomly from 37,000 patients with breast carcinoma who were treated at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center and frequency matched with women in the case group based on age at diagnosis (5‐year strata), ethnicity, year of breast carcinoma diagnosis (5‐year strata), and survival from breast carcinoma diagnosis to lung carcinoma diagnosis. Using stratified analysis and unconditional logistic regression, the authors evaluated the main and combined effects of smoking and XRT on lung carcinoma risk.RESULTSAt the time of breast carcinoma diagnosis, 84% of case patients had ever smoked cigarettes, compared with 37% of control patients, whereas 45% of case patients and control patients received XRT for breast carcinoma. Smoking increased the odds of lung carcinoma in women without XRT (odds ratio [OR], 6.0; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 3.6–10.1), but XRT did not increase lung carcinoma risk in nonsmoking women (OR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.3–1.1). Overall, the OR for both XRT and smoking, compared with no XRT or smoking, was 9.0 (95% CI, 5.1–15.9). Logistic regression modeling yielded an adjusted OR of 5.6 for the smoking main effect (95% CI, 2.9–10.5), 0.6 for the XRT main effect (95% CI, 0.3–1.4), and 8.6 (P = 0.08) for the combined effect.CONCLUSIONSSmoking was a significant independent risk factor for lung carcinoma after breast carcinoma, but XRT alone was not. Smoking and XRT combined enhanced the effect of either alone, with marked increased risks of lung carcinoma after XRT for breast carcinoma. Cancer 2003;98:1457–64. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11669
The burdens of cancer therapy
Authors: Elting Linda S. , Cooksley Catherine , Chambers Mark , Cantor Scott B. , Manzullo Ellen , Rubenstein Edward B. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDMucositis is a common but poorly studied problem among patients with solid tumors. The authors examined the clinical and economic outcomes of oral and gastrointestinal (GI) mucositis among patients receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy.METHODSA retrospective, random sample of 599 patients who developed chemotherapy‐induced myelosuppression was followed for development of oral or GI mucositis and for development of subsequent episodes of bleeding or infection. Multilevel regression models of the risk of bleeding and infection were fit with chemotherapy cycles nested within patients.RESULTSMucositis developed during 37% of 1236 cycles of chemotherapy. Episodes of bleeding were significantly more common during cycles with GI mucositis than during cycles without GI mucositis (13% vs. 8%; P = 0.04). Episodes of infection were significantly more common during cycles with mucositis (especially GI mucositis) than during cycles without mucositis (73% vs. 36%; P < 0.0001). The mean durations of hospitalization were 4 days, 6 days, and 12 days during cycles with no mucositis, oral mucositis, and GI mucositis, respectively. After accounting for the depth and duration of myelosuppression and for other predictive factors, GI mucositis was associated with both bleeding (odds ratio [OR], 2.0; P = 0.01) and infection (OR, 2.24; P < 0.0001), whereas oral mucositis was associated with infection only (OR, 2.4; P < 0.0001).CONCLUSIONSMucositis was clinically and economically significant among patients with solid tumors who were receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy. New preventive and therapeutic agents are needed. Cancer 2003;98:1531–9. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11671
Breast carcinoma and antihypertensive therapy
Authors: Giordano Sharon H. 
Published: September 2003

Li et al. reported that the use of certain types of antihypertensive medication is associated with a modest increase in the risk of developing breast carcinoma. However, these findings should be interpreted with caution, as the number of comparisons made in the study was large, the magnitude of the observed effects was small, and the potential for biases was present. A number of studies have found no link between increased cancer risk and antihypertensive use. The findings of Li et al. should stimulate interest in the way in which specific classes of medication may influence breast carcinoma risk, but the bulk of the existing evidence suggests the absence of a significant link between antihypertensive use and breast carcinoma risk.See referenced original article on pages 1504–13, this issue.
Increased incidence of symptomatic venous thrombosis in patients with cervical carcinoma treated with concurrent chemotherapy, radiation, and erythropoietin
Authors: Wun Ted , Law Lisa , Harvey Danielle , Sieracki Barbara , Scudder Sidney A. , Ryu Janice K. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDBecause studies have suggested that anemia has an adverse effect on outcome for patients with cervical carcinoma who are treated with radiation, recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo) has been used increasingly to maintain hemoglobin levels in these patients. Erythropoietin may increase the risk of thrombosis. The authors performed a retrospective analysis to determine whether there was an increased rate of symptomatic venous thrombosis associated with the use of rHuEpo in patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix and vagina.METHODSA retrospective, case–control study was performed on consecutive patients with localized carcinoma of the uterine cervix or vagina who were treated with chemotherapy and radiation (chemoradiotherapy). The primary outcome was symptomatic venous thrombosis.RESULTSOne hundred forty‐seven patients were reviewed. When they were divided into women who received rHuEpo (n = 75 patients) and women who did not receive rHuEpo (n = 72 patients), there were no significant differences in age, height, weight, disease stage, or body mass index. Fewer patients in the rHuEpo group required transfusions. In the rHuEpo group, 17 of 75 patients had either an upper extremity thrombosis (n = 12 patients) or a lower extremity thrombosis (n = 7 patients): 2 patients had both, and 2 patients had more than 1 event. Two of 72 patients who did not receive rHuEpo had symptomatic thrombosis. Patients who received rHuEpo had an odds ratio (OR) of developing thrombosis of 10.3 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 2.3–46.2). Multiple logistic regression revealed that only the use of rHuEpo was associated with an increased risk of thrombosis (OR, 15.3; 95% CI, 3.1–76.7).CONCLUSIONSPatients with cervical carcinoma who received chemoradiotherapy and rHuEpo had an increased risk of symptomatic venous thrombosis. Cancer 2003;98:1514–20. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11700
What difference does the choice of SES make in health inequality measurement?
Authors: Wagstaff Adam , Watanabe Naoko 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis note explores the implications for measuring socioeconomic inequality in health of choosing one measure of SES rather than another. Three points emerge. First, whilst similar rankings in the two the SES measures will result in similar inequalities, this is a sufficient condition not a necessary one. What matters is whether rank differences are correlated with health – if they are not, the measured degree of inequality will be the same. Second, the statistical importance of choosing one SES measure rather than another can be assessed simply by estimating an artificial regression. Third, in the 19 countries examined here, it seems for the most part to make little difference to the measured degree of socioeconomic inequalities in malnutrition among under‐five children whether one measures SES by consumption or by an asset‐based wealth index. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measuring income related inequality in health: standardisation and the partial concentration index
Authors: Gravelle Hugh 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe partial concentration index (PCI) is commonly used as a measure of income related inequality in health after removing the effects of standardising variables such as age and gender which affect health, are correlated with income, but not amenable to policy. Both direct and indirect standardisation have been used to remove the effects of standardising variables. The paper shows that with individual level data direct standardisation is possible using the coefficients from a linear regression of health on income and the standardising variables and yields a consistent estimate of the PCI. Indirect standardisation estimates the effects of the standardising variables on health from a health regression which excludes income. The coefficients on the standardising variables include some of the effects of income on health if income is correlated with the standardising variables. Using these coefficients to remove the effects of the standardising variables also removes some of the effect of income on health and leads to an inconsistent estimate of the PCI. Indirect standardisation underestimates the PCI irrespective of the signs of the correlations of standardising variables and income with each other and with health. An adaptation of the PCI when the marginal effect of income on health depends on the standardising variables is also proposed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Homology in comparative, molecular, and evolutionary developmental biology: The radiation of a concept
Authors: Brigandt Ingo 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe present paper analyzes the use and understanding of the homology concept across different biological disciplines. It is argued that in its history, the homology concept underwent a sort of adaptive radiation. Once it migrated from comparative anatomy into new biological fields, the homology concept changed in accordance with the theoretical aims and interests of these disciplines. The paper gives a case study of the theoretical role that homology plays in comparative and evolutionary biology, in molecular biology, and in evolutionary developmental biology. It is shown that the concept or variant of homology preferred by a particular biological field is used to bring about items of biological knowledge that are characteristic for this field. A particular branch of biology uses its homology concept to pursue its specific theoretical goals. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 299B:9–17, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effect of brain tumor angiogenesis on the in vivo relationship between the gradient‐echo relaxation rate change (ΔR2*) and contrast agent (MION) dose
Authors: Pathak Arvind P. , Rand Scott D. , Schmainda Kathleen M. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractPurposeTo determine in vivo if the susceptibility calibration factor for gradient‐echo imaging (kG), which characterizes the relationship between the tissue T2* relaxation rate change (ΔR2*) and tissue contrast agent concentration, is independent of tissue type and condition; in addition, to assess the consequences of such an assumption on the use of relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) measurements as a direct index of tumor angiogenesis.Materials and MethodsThe ΔR2* was measured as a function of monocrystalline iron oxide nanoparticles (MION) contrast agent dose in a rat brain tumor (9L gliosarcoma) model, the blood volume fraction independently measured, and kG calculated and compared for the normal gray matter, normal white matter, tumor, and contralateral brain.ResultsThe kG was found to be the same for gray and white matter (P = 0.53), but statistically different for tumor compared to contralateral brain (P = 0.005) with k < kConclusionThe gradient‐echo calibration factor, kG, is the same for brain gray and white matter, but not the same for brain and tumor tissue. This difference may be attributed to the grossly different vascular morphology of tumors, dueto tumor angiogenesis, compared to normal brain and/or possibly differing blood rheological factors such as hematocrit. Consequently, the sensitivity to blood volume differ‐ences between tumor and normal brain tissue may be lessened when using gradient‐echo susceptibility contrast agent methods. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2003;18:397–403. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pediatric perfusion imaging using pulsed arterial spin labeling
Authors: Wang Jiongjiong , Licht Daniel J. , Jahng Geon‐Ho , Liu Chia‐Shang , Rubin Joan T. , Haselgrove John , Zimmerman Robert A. , Detre John A. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractPurposeTo test the feasibility of pediatric perfusion imaging using a pulsed arterial spin labeling (ASL) technique at 1.5 T.Materials and MethodsASL perfusion imaging was carried out on seven neurologically normal children and five healthy adults. The signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of the perfusion images along with T1, M0, arterial transit time, and the temporal fluctuation of the ASL image series were measured and compared between the two age groups. In addition, ASL perfusion magnetic resonance (MR) was performed on three children with neurologic disorder.ResultsIn the cohort of neurologically normal children, a 70% increase in the SNR of the ASL perfusion images and a 30% increase in the absolute cerebral blood flow compared to the adult data were observed. The measures of ASL SNR, T1, and M0 were found to decrease linearly with age. Transit time and temporal fluctuation of the ASL perfusion image series were not significantly different between the two age groups. The feasibility of ASL in the diagnosis of pediatric neurologic disease was also illustrated.ConclusionASL is a promising tool for pediatric perfusion imaging given the unique and reciprocal benefits in terms of safety and image quality. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2003;18:404–413. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.