bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Partnership Status and Social Determinants of Health on Total Testosterone Levels in a Large Cohort of American Men
Authors: Shyr William , Jun Grace , Davila Jonathan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the interplay between biological and non-biological factors and their effects on total testosterone (TT) levels in men. This is a retrospective cross-sectional study based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) program designed to investigate the social and biological factors that affect TT levels in adult men in the United States. Data were obtained from the 2011–2016 NHANES survey study. We examined the effect of partnership status, family income-to-poverty ratio (PIR), education, tobacco use, diabetes mellitus (DM), coronary artery disease (CAD), hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, age, and body mass index (BMI) on TT levels. Our final cohort included 7,168 men aged 18 to 79. In the multiple linear regression analysis, cohabitation and being Non-Hispanic Asian had the largest negative effect sizes (-34 [95%CI: -45 - -23] and − 40 [95%CI: -55 - -27]) on TT compared to those of BMI (p < 0.001) and hypercholesterolemia (p < 0.001), but the effect of PIR was not significant. This study suggests that living with a partner is one of the strongest predictors of lower testosterone in men.
Unlocking wide-bandwidth and high-efficiency: topological slow-light structure for electro-optic modulation
Authors: Zhang Yong , Shen Jian , Zhang Lei , Li Jingchi , Feng Chenglong , Jiang Yongheng , Wang Hong-Wei , Li Xingfeng , He Yu , Ji Xingchen , Tian Yonghui , Xiao Xi , Chen Haoshuo , Fontaine Nicolas , Ren Guanghui , Mitchell Arnan , Su Yikai 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
High-speed electro-optic modulators are key components in modern communication networks and various applications that require chip-scale modulation with large bandwidth, high modulation efficiency, and compact footprint. However, fundamental trade-offs make it challenging to achieve these metrics simultaneously, and thus new methodologies must be explored. To this end, we present the first demonstration of a Mach-Zehnder modulator harnessing topological slow-light waveguides and capacitively loaded slow-wave electrodes on silicon-nitride-loaded lithium niobate on an insulator platform. Owing to the slow-light effect in the one-dimensional topological waveguide, the increased light-matter interaction time and group index significantly improve the modulation efficiency. With the 1-mm-length modulation section, a record low half-wave voltage length product Vπ∙L of 0.21 V∙cm is obtained, which is one order of magnitude smaller than that of conventional thin film lithium niobate Mach-Zehnder modulators. Slow-wave electrodes are employed for electro-optic velocity and impedance matching, enabling an unprecedented bandwidth of 110 GHz without roll-off. The achieved bandwidth-efficiency ratio of 524 GHz/V/cm is among the highest reported for all-dielectric and semiconductor modulators. Four- and eight-level pulse amplitude modulation signals of up to 240 and 300 Gbps, respectively, have been generated using the topological modulator. Our topological modulator provides ultra-large bandwidth, ultra-high efficiency, and a compact solution for next-generation electro-optic systems.
The FRESHAIR4Life study: Global implementation research on non-communicable disease prevention targeting adolescents’ exposure to tobacco and air pollution in disadvantaged populations
Authors: Hoffman Charlotte , Versluis Anke , Chirila Sergiu , Kirenga Bruce , Khan Amina , Saeed Saima , Sooronbaev Talant , Tsiligianni Ioanna , Arvind DK , Bauld Linda , Brand Floor van den , Chavannes Niels , Pinnock Hilary , Powell Pippa , Schans Jurjen van der , Siddiqi Kamran , Williams Siân , Kleij Rianne van der 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the FRESHAIR4Life study, we aim to reduce the non-communicable disease (NCD) burden by implementing preventive interventions targeting adolescents’ exposure to tobacco use and air pollution (AP). This paper presents the methodology of FRESHAIR4Life and initial rapid review results.
The rapid review showed variable NCD mortality rates related to tobacco use and AP exposure in the five participating countries. Tobacco is the predominant risk factor for NCD-related deaths in the Kyrgyz Republic, Greece, and Romania, whereas AP exposure causes most NCD-related deaths in Pakistan and Uganda. Adolescents’ risk factor exposure, sources of exposure, and trends also differ significantly.
As the next step in FRESHAIR4Life, an in-depth situational analysis will inform the selection, adaptation, and integration of evidence-based interventions into the FRESHAIR4Life prevention package. Subsequently, this package will be implemented, evaluated, and iteratively refined. Throughout the research process, a strong emphasis is on co-creation, capacity building, and comprehensive communication and dissemination.
Assessing the Impact of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease on the Risk of Oral Cavity and Pharyngeal Cancer Using Mendelian Randomization
Authors: Wang Chuanlei , Shen Zixiong , Cao Chunli , Wang Guangyi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Previous observational studies have yielded inconsistent findings regarding the relationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and the risk of oral cavity and pharyngeal cancer (OCPC). This study aims to employ Mendelian randomization (MR) to explore whether a causal relationship exists between GERD and the risk of OCPC and its subtypes.
Methods:Using summary data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS), we conducted MR analyses to assess the causal relationship between GERD and OCPC (comprising oral cavity cancer (OCC) and oropharynx cancer (OPC)). We performed univariable MR analyses with GERD as the exposure and OCPC, OCC, and OPC as outcomes. Cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index (BMI), and type 2 diabetes (T2D) were adjusted for in the multivariable MR analysis to refine causal estimates.
Results: Univariable MR analysis revealed that genetically predicted GERD increased the risk of OCPC (IVW: discovery, OR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.30-3.37, P = 0.0023; validation, OR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.26-2.87, P = 0.0020) and OCC (IVW: discovery, OR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.21-3.33, P = 0.0066; validation: OR = 2.60, 95% CI: 1.47-4.59, P = 0.0010). The association between GERD and OPC was significant only in the discovery analysis (IVW: discovery, OR = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.08-4.89, P = 0.0307; validation: OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 0.67-1.97, P = 0.6199). Multivariable analysis, adjusting for smoking, alcohol, BMI, and T2D, produced consistent results.
Conclusions: This MR study indicates a connection between GERD and an overall increased risk of OCPC. The association between GERD and OCC is also significant. This association is independent of CigDay, DrnkWk, BMI, and T2D. However, the link between GERD and OPC is limited and requires further investigation for confirmation. These findings could have significant public health implications and may aid in the prevention and treatment of oral and pharyngeal cancers. Exploring the specific mechanisms behind GERD increasing the risk of OCPC is necessary.
YAP-Driven Malignant Reprogramming of Epithelial Stem Cells at Single Cell Resolution
Authors: Gutkind J. Silvio , Faraji Farhoud , Ramirez Sydney , Clubb Lauren , Sato Kuniaki , Quiroz Paola Anguiano , Galloway William , Mikulski Zbigniew , Hoang Thomas , Medetgul-Ernar Kate , Marangoni Pauline , Jones Kyle , Officer Adam , Molinolo Alfredo , Kim Kenneth , Sakaguchi Kanako , Califano Joseph , Smith Quinton , Klein Ophir , Tamayo Pablo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Tumor initiation represents the first step in tumorigenesis during which normal progenitor cells undergo cell fate transition to cancer. Capturing this process as it occurs in vivo, however, remains elusive. Here we employ cell tracing approaches with spatiotemporally controlled oncogene activation and tumor suppressor inhibition to unveil the processes underlying oral epithelial progenitor cell reprogramming into cancer stem cells (CSCs) at single cell resolution. This revealed the rapid emergence of a distinct stem-like cell state, defined by aberrant proliferative, hypoxic, squamous differentiation, and partial epithelial to mesenchymal (pEMT) invasive gene programs. Interestingly, CSCs harbor limited cell autonomous invasive capacity, but instead recruit myeloid cells to remodel the basement membrane and ultimately initiate tumor invasion. CSC transcriptional programs are conserved in human carcinomas and associated with poor patient survival. These findings illuminate the process of cancer initiation at single cell resolution, thus identifying candidate targets for early cancer detection and prevention.
Inactivation of the trypsin inhibitory activity of ovomucoid by ultrasound treatment
Authors: Ding Lixian , Ji Shengnan , Cai Zhaoxia , Huang Xi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Ovomucoid (OVM) is considered the major antidigestive protein in egg white as a trypsin inhibitor, which makes eggs become one of the most common allergenic foods. This study investigated the influence and underling mechanisms of ultrasound treatment under 100–400 W on the activity of ovomucoid trypsin. The lowest activity was occurred after 400 W, 40 min ultrasound treatment, which was reduced to 30% of the control group. Results of zeta potential, particle size, circular dichroism indicated that the negative charge on the surface of protein molecules increased after ultrasound treatment. Content of β-sheet in OVM decreased by 35.7%, while the disordered structure increased by nearly 17.4%. The average protein size decreased from 696.3 nm to about 200 nm. The hydrolytic resistance to digestive enzymes and the thermal stability of OVM was also significantly reduced. The results of this study show the deactivation effects of ultrasound on tryspin inhibitory activity of OVM and reveal preliminarily the relationship between the inhibitory activity and protein structure of OVM.
Safety and feasibility study of a novel robotic system in an in vivo porcine vascular model
Authors: Moschovaki-Zeiger Ornella , Arkoudis Nikolaos-Achilleas , Spiliopoulos Stavros 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Purpose The goal of this preclinical study is to assess the functionality, technical feasibility, and safety of a new vascular robotic LIBERTYR3 System, in the catheterization of vascular targets using a range of guidewires and microcatheters. Material and Methods An anesthetized pig served as an arterial model for the robotic device (LIBERTYR3; Microbot Medical Ltd, Yoqneam, IL). The primary efficacy endpoint was the evaluation of its capability to catheterize predetermined distal arterial branches in the liver, kidneys, and mesenteric arteries (technical success), under fluoroscopy guidance. The primary safety endpoint was the occurrence of angiographic acute catheterization-related complications (dissection, thrombosis, embolism, perforation). The catheterizations were conducted by two interventional radiologists that present different work experience in endovascular procedures (18 and 2 years respectively), using a variety of microcatheters and wires. Various procedural parameters such as functionality, practicality, ease of use, and time required for catheterization, were evaluated, and recorded. Results All pre-determined arteries were successfully catheterized (100% technical success), by both operators. No angiographic acute complications occurred. The catheters and wires were manipulated using the remote portable console in an effortless manner that maintained a high level of accuracy. Mean time for selective catheterization was 126 ± 51 seconds. The robot's conversion function to manual operation was successfully demonstrated. Conclusion Robotic navigation and catheterization of selected target arteries were accomplished without observable vascular damage, suggesting that the LIBERTYR3 robotic system is a reliable and safe tool for robotic-assisted endovascular navigation. Further experimental studies are required to evaluate safety and efficacy prior to introduction into clinical practice.
Assessment of climate change impacts on floods with a hybrid data-driven and conceptual model across a data-scarce region
Authors: Zarei Erfan , Nobakht Afsaneh , Saleh Farzin Nasiri 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In an era marked by unprecedented environmental shifts, comprehensively assessing the repercussions of climate change has become a paramount concern. This study investigates the impact of climate change on floods in the Kashkan watershed, located in western Iran, for the near future (2030–2059) and far future (2060–2089). First, a HEC-HMS model was developed for the study area, with a calibration period from January 1997 to December 2012 and a validation period from January 2013 to August 2019. Subsequently, to enhance the precision of our simulation, we employed long short-term memory (LSTM) as a methodological improvement. LSTM improved the ability of HEC-HMS to simulate maximum flows, reducing the annual average error peak flow (AEPFy) from 23.62–9.49% during the testing period. Then, 8 general circulation models (GCMs) were selected using a Taylor diagram for three climatic variables: cumulative daily precipitation, maximum daily temperature, and minimum daily temperature. These selected models were bias corrected using the quantile mapping method. The annual maximum cumulative 5-day precipitation was calculated for the SSP126 and SSP585 scenarios in the near and far future, revealing the potential for substantial increases. The result of the streamflow simulation with the hybrid model showed a significant increase in annual maximum discharge under both the SSP126 and SSP585 scenarios for the near and far future. Maximum discharge (mean ensemble of selected GCMs) is projected to increase by 45.08% and 37.59% in the near and far future for SSP126 and by 54.34% and 73.27% for SSP585. Most years will experience maximum flows exceeding the average baseline values. This increase, based on SSP126, will occur in most months, especially autumn, while SSP585 has similar patterns but with higher magnitudes. A 3-way ANOVA was employed to assess uncertainty in both the near and far future. The results suggest that individual factors such as Model, GCM, and SSP have limited influence, with the primary driver of uncertainty stemming from the interactions among these factors. The outcomes of this research will aid policymakers in integrating necessary measures to mitigate financial and human losses caused by the effects of climate change.
Isolation, identification and herbicidal potential of Fusarium avenaceum HY-041 from the Qing-Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhu Haixia , Li huan , Ma Yongqiang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

In order to screen a biocontrol strain with broad-spectrum and high herbicidal activity, potential herbicidal strain HY-041 isolated from the leaves of naturally diseased Cephalanoplos setosum was tested. Based on the morphological characteristics and gene sequence analysis, the fungus was identified asFusarium avenaceum. Herbicidal activity to 9 target weeds were tested, the results showed that the pathogenicity of strain HY-041 to different weeds invitrowas as follows:Polygonum lapathifolium>Malva verticillata>Avena fatua>Chenopodium album>Polygonum aviculare>Elsholtzia densa>Amaranthus retroflexus>Thlaspi arvense>Galium aparine, the pot experiment showed that the fermentation filtrate was highly pathogenic toC. album,E. densaandA. fatuaby spray inoculation. The safety evaluation results showed that the strain was moderately susceptible toBrassica napusL., slightly infectedTriticum aestivumL. andHordeum vulgare, relatively safe toPisum sativumL. andVicia fabaL.. The scanning electron microscope observation showed that strain HY-041 hyphae destroyed the epidermis tissue, invadedA. fatuatissue from the stoma and parasites, and propagated in the tissue to produce spores. The results showed that strain HY-041 had the potential to develop microbial biocontrol herbicide.
Stream Water Age Reveals Hydrological and Human Drivers of Inland Freshwater Salinization
Authors: Grant Stanley , Bhide Shantanu , McGuire Kevin , Prestegaard Karen , Kaushal Sujay , Sekellick Andrew , Webber James , Jastram John , Rippy Megan , Schenk Todd , Curtis Shannon , Gomez-Velez Jesus , Hotchkiss Erin , Vikesland Peter , Saksena Siddharth 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The salinity of inland freshwaters is rising globally, particularly in human dominated landscapes that receive deicers in the winter. Here we show that the salinization of an urban stream in Northern Virginia (USA) can be linked to salt sources using stream water age as a master variable. Younger stream water is associated with either low salinity rain or high salinity snow melt, while older stream water is associated with a geology-specific groundwater salinity. Long-term deicer use increases salinity of the groundwater over time, transforming an acute snow melt problem into a chronic groundwater problem. Framing freshwater salinization relative to stream water age clarifies relevant physical processes, highlights long-term threats, opens the door to monitoring catchment-scale deicer application rates, and informs potential engineering and policy solutions.
Association between childhood trauma and Internet gaming disorder: a moderated mediation analysis of depression as a mediator and psychological resilience as a moderator
Authors: Liu Qian , Ouyang Lijun , Fan Lejia , Liao Aijun , Li Zongchang , Chen Xiaogang , Yuan Liu , He Ying 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is a severe mental health disorder. The effect of childhood trauma on IGD is currently unclear. Therefore, this study examined the association between childhood trauma and IGD among Chinese students. Additionally, we explored the potential roles of psychological resilience and depression in the association.
Methods
In total, 8,579 students from the Hunan province, China, provided information regarding their socio-demographic factors, childhood trauma, depression, psychological resilience, and traits of IGD. The impact of childhood trauma on IGD and the extent to which it was mediated by depression and moderated by psychological resilience was evaluated.
Results
Depression had a partial mediating effect on IGD resulting from childhood trauma (B = 0.2324, t = 18.3941, P < 0.001); psychological resilience provided a buffer against this effect (B = -0.0017, SE = 0.0006, P ＜ 0.0001). Psychological resilience also moderated the association between childhood trauma and depression (B = -0.0025, SE = 0.0005, P < 0.001). Our moderated mediation model elucidated the psychosocial mechanisms, highlighting the underlying link between childhood trauma and IGD. It also demonstrated the partial mediating role of depression and the modulating role of psychological resilience among Chinese students.
Conclusions
Education and interventions should be provided to enhance students’ psychological resilience and alleviate depression with effective social support.
Social Media Use Is Associated With Suicidal Ideation in Early Adolescence: The Role of Visual Cybervictimization
Authors: Marengo Davide , Settanni Michele , Mastrokoukou Sofia , Longobardi Claudio 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study delves into the critical issue of suicidal ideation among early adolescents aged 10 to 14, where suicide ranks as the second leading cause of death globally. Suicidal ideation is closely linked to other psychological distress indicators and high-risk behaviors, particularly among early adolescents. These individuals are also vulnerable to cyberbullying, and the rise of visual social media platforms such as Instagram, TikTok, Snapchat, and YouTube has transformed their social interactions. The study involved 1143 middle-school students in Northern Italy with a mean age of 12.34 (SD = 0.97; females 53.2%), using a self-report questionnaire to gather data on social media usage, bullying behaviors, and suicidal ideation. Statistical analyses included Spearman rank-order correlations, Shapiro-Wilk test, Kruskal-Wallis tests, Fisher's exact tests, and mediation models. The findings revealed significant correlations between daily use of specific visual social media platforms like TikTok and Instagram was positively associated with both visual cyberbullying and suicidal ideation. Gender differences were observed in the associations, and mediation analysis confirmed that the relationship between social media use and suicidal ideation was mediated by involvement in visual cyberbullying episodes.This study underscores the intricate relationships between visual social media use, visual cyberbullying, and suicidal ideation among early adolescents. It emphasizes the responsibility of social media platforms in creating safer digital environments for young users.
Efficient Automatic Estimation of Soil Constitutive Model Parameters by Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Sakai Takayuki , Nakano Masaki 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Performance design is important for soil structures, and detailed analyses are performed using the finite element method and other methods. Parameters for such analysis are often estimated from soil test results. In this study, we proposed a method to estimate the parameters of the modified Cam-Clay model using dynamic multiswarm PSO (DMS-PSO). To examine the validity of the proposed method, we examined whether constitutive model parameters can be correctly estimated from the results computed by the model (consideration (1)) and whether the proposed methods can always obtain the same parameters when reproducing the experiment (consideration (2)). In the consideration (1), the search success rate was clearly increased by using DMS-PSO compared to ordinary PSO. In addition, the search was successfully conducted if the number of ‘particles’ was more than 400 and the number of ‘islands’ was more than 40. When two experiments were conducted, the search was quicker and more stable than when targeting a single experiment. In the consideration (2), parameters were able to be estimated from the experimental results automatically and reproduce the experimental results well. Since the coefficient of variation of the parameters obtained through 100 times estimation was at most 1%, this method was able to estimate almost the same parameters each time. Narrowing the solution search range of the physical properties reduced the variation in the parameters obtained. Additionally, the parameters can be estimated by at least 2 mechanical experiments.