bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of sea level and palaeotopography on lithofacies distribution and geometries in heterozoan carbonates, south‐eastern Spain
Authors: JOHNSON CHRISTOPHER L. , FRANSEEN EVAN K. , GOLDSTEIN ROBERT H. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThis study utilized three‐dimensional exposures to evaluate how sea‐level position and palaeotopography control the facies and geometries of heterozoan carbonates. Heterozoan carbonates were deposited on top of a Neogene volcanic substrate characterized by palaeotopographic highs, palaeovalleys, and straits that were formed by subaerial erosion, possibly original volcanic topography, and faults prior to carbonate deposition. The depositional sequence that is the focus of this study (DS1B) consists of 7–10 fining upward cycles that developed in response to relative sea‐level fluctuations. A complete cycle has a basal erosion surface overlain by deposits of debrisflows and high‐density turbidity currents, which formed during relative sea‐level fall. Overlying tractive deposits most likely formed during the lowest relative position of sea level. Overlying these are debrites grading upward to high‐density turbidites and low‐density turbidites that formed during relative sea‐level rise. The tops of the cycles consist of hemipelagic deposits that formed during the highest relative position of sea level. The cycles fine upward because upslope carbonate production decreased as relative sea level rose due to less surface area available for shallow‐water carbonate production and partial drowning of substrates. The cycles are dominated by two end‐member types of facies associations and stratal geometries that formed in response to fluctuating sea‐level position over variable substrate palaeotopography. One end‐member is termed ‘flank flow cycle’ because this type of cycle indicates dominant sediment transport down the flanks of palaeovalleys. Those cycles drape the substrate, have more debrites, high‐density turbidites and erosion on palaeovalley flanks, and in general, the lithofacies fine down the palaeovalley flanks into the palaeovalley axes. The second end‐member is termed ‘axial flow cycle’ because it indicates a dominance of sediment transport down the axes of palaeovalleys. Those cycles are characterized by debrites and high‐density turbidites in palaeovalley axes, and lap out of strata against the flanks of palaeovalleys. Where and when an axial flow cycle or flank flow cycle developed appears to be related to the intersection of sea level with areas of gentle or steep substrate slopes, during an overall relative rise in sea level. Results from this study provide a model for similar systems that must combine carbonate principles for sediment production, palaeotopographic controls, and physical principles of sediment remobilization into deep water.
Sediment production and dispersal on foraminifera‐dominated early Tertiary ramps: the Eocene El Garia Formation, Tunisia
Authors: BEAVINGTON‐PENNEY SIMON J. , PAUL WRIGHT V. , RACEY ANDREW 
Published: May 2005

AbstractLarger benthic foraminiferaNummulitesare common within Eocene, circum‐Tethyan limestones. Despite their importance as sediment producers, contradictions in the literature constrain current understanding about the location of theNummulites‘factory’. The El Garia Fm was deposited on a ramp with localized palaeohighs, and whilst some authors suggested that the locus ofNummulitesproduction was in shallow water across the palaeohighs, others concluded that production was significantly reduced over these palaeohighs, and concentrated in the surrounding deeper (30–60 m) water. There are also marked dissimilarities between recent models in terms of the continuity, correlation and resolution of depositional sequences. To assess these models, we integrate studies of the architecture and geometry of the El Garia Fm with detailed taphonomic, biometric, biofabric and palaeoecological characterization ofNummulitestests. We conclude that the highest rates of sediment production occurred in euphotic water over the palaeohighs and in nearshore environments.Nummuliteson the palaeohighs were transported into the surrounding deeper water by oceanic and storm currents that swept the platform top, producing a nummulitic sediment package that thickened and became increasingly fine‐grained and fragmented into outer ramp environments. This transport exerted a major control on development of the ramp‐like geometries often seen at outcrop. Our findings question the validity of a recent sequence stratigraphic model that identifies decimetre‐scale Milankovitch cycles, even in largely allochthonous, ‘bio‐retextured’, mid/outer ramp sediments. Our findings also suggest that the thin packages of El Garia Fm on the palaeohighs, which have previously been interpreted as condensed sections that can be correlated with thicker, more distal accumulations, actually represent remnants of the sediment that was produced on the highs and ‘exported’ into the basin.
Bedrock lithology control on contemporaneous alluvial fan facies, Oligo‐Miocene, southern Pyrenees, Spain
Authors: NICHOLS GARY , THOMPSON BEN 
Published: May 2005

AbstractClimate and tectonics play important roles in controlling processes of transport and deposition on alluvial fans, but the bedrock lithology in the fan catchment area is also a significant, independent factor. Adjacent Oligo‐Miocene alluvial fan deposits on the northern margin of the Ebro Basin display contrasting depositional characteristics with one dominated by the deposits of debris flows and the other by deposition from flows of water. A difference in clast compositions indicates that the two studied fans (the Nueno and San Julián fans) had contrasting bedrock lithology in their drainage basins. The proximal facies of the Nueno fan body contains matrix‐supported conglomerate beds with up to 80% pebble clasts of gypsum in a matrix of gypsiferous sand, interbedded with gypsarenite beds. The drainage basin of this fan was dominated by Triassic bedrock consisting of beds of gypsum, marl and micritic limestone. The San Julián fan body comprises clast‐supported, polymict conglomerate beds containing pebbles from Triassic, Cretaceous and Palaeogene limestone units that are exposed in the adjacent part of the basin margin. The interfingering of the deposits of these two fans demonstrates that they were contemporaneous. Given the consistent climate, the differences in fan depositional processes must therefore be attributed to the contrasting bedrock lithology in their drainage basins. A drainage basin consisting mainly of marl and gypsum bedrock provided sufficient fine‐grained material to generate debris flows, whereas more dilute, water‐lain processes dominated where the drainage basin was largely limestone strata.
Muddy lateral accretion and low stream power in a sub‐recent confined channel belt, Rhine‐Meuse delta, central Netherlands
Authors: MAKASKE BART , WEERTS HENK J. T. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe Hennisdijk fluvial system in the central Rhine‐Meuse delta is an abandoned Rhine distributary that was active on a wide floodplain from 3800 to 3000 years BP. Cross‐sectional geometry, lithological characteristics and planform patterns of the channel‐belt deposits indicate lateral migration of the Hennisdijk palaeochannel. Channel‐belt deposits are around 10 m thick and 200–400 m wide. A gravelly facies near the base of the channel‐belt deposits represents channel‐lag and lower point‐bar deposits. The axis of the channel belt is dominated by a sandy facies (medium and coarse sand), showing an overall fining upward trend with multiple cycles. This facies is interpreted as lower and middle point‐bar deposits. The sandy facies is capped by a muddy facies, which is 1–2 m thick near the axis of the channel belt and thickens to 5–6 m along the margins. It laterally interfingers with the sandy facies that occurs near the channel‐belt axis, but it has sharp, erosive outer contacts marking the edges of the channel belt. The muddy facies comprises inclined heterolithic stratification (IHS) (fine/medium sand–mud couplets) in its upper part. The relatively thin muddy facies with IHS that occurs near the channel‐belt axis is interpreted as upper point‐bar deposits with lateral accretion surfaces, formed under marine influence. Along the margins of the channel belt the muddy facies consists of thick, fairly homogeneous, successions of mud with variable sand content, and fine sand. Based on facies geometry and position, this part of the muddy facies is interpreted as counterpoint deposits, formed along the upstream limb of the concave bank of a channel bend. Counterpoint accretion seems to have been associated with the confined nature of the channel belt, which was the result of low stream power (4·5–7·8 W m−2, based on reconstructions of palaeodischarge and channel slope) and cohesive bank material, i.e. clayey floodbasin deposits with intercalated peat beds occurring next to the channel belt. In the literature, counterpoint accretion is mostly reported from alluvial valleys, where meandering is confined by limited floodplain width, whereas muddy lateral accretion surfaces are commonly reported from much wider marine‐influenced floodplains. The present study shows juxtaposition of both forms of muddy channel deposits in a low‐energy, wide coastal plain setting, where preservation potential is considerable.
Are marron, Cherax tenuimanus (Crustacea: Decapoda), populations in irrigation reservoirs habitat limited? A trial using artificial habitats
Authors: Molony Brett W. , Bird Chris 
Published: May 2005

AbstractMany valleys in Western Australia have been dammed to provide irrigation and potable water. To minimize the risks of outlet blockages, basins have been cleared of vegetation and rocky outcrops during construction. As a result, dam basins contain limited numbers of aquatic habitats, being dominated by sandy and muddy substrata. Nonetheless, endemic crayfishes (especially marron, Cherax tenuimanus) and three introduced species of fishes support large recreational fisheries in irrigation reservoirs. Recently, it has been shown that Perca fluviatilis (red‐fin perch) imposes an extremely high mortality on C. tenuimanus in reservoirs, with the result that marron populations might be below reservoir‐carrying capacity. To test this hypothesis, three types of artificial habitats (pipes, tiles, mesh) that mimic natural habitat types were placed into a reservoir and their use by C. tenuimanus was assessed. As C. tenuimanus is an annual brooder, releasing young during November and December, the effects of artificial habitats on biomass concentration and productivity can be differentiated. The study results showed that C. tenuimanus rapidly populated artificial habitats (concentration effects). Small, newly recruited C. tenuimanus also utilized the pipe and tile habitats (productivity effects). The addition of these types of habitats increased the suitability of the reservoir for the studied C. tenuimanus population, increasing productivity, probably via reduction of teleost predation. The increased productivity of the C. tenuimanus population might, in turn, increase the productivity and sustainability of the recreational marron fishery. Other aquatic species, including a biofilm community, also utilized the artificial habitats, increasing the species richness in the dam. Due to the success of the current study, large artificial habitats have been installed into two irrigation reservoirs in order to increase recreational marron fishing and conservation values.
Temporal and spatial patterns based on sediment and sediment–water interface characteristics along a cascade of reservoirs (Paranapanema River, south‐east Brazil)
Authors: Jorcin Adriana , Nogueira Marcos G. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractPhysical and chemical characteristics of the sediments in a cascade of eight reservoirs located in the Paranapanema River (south‐east Brazil) were analysed during two consecutive years during summer (January), autumn (April), winter (July) and spring (October) of 2000 and 2001, respectively. The granulometric texture, organic matter content and nutrient concentration (total nitrogen and phosphorus) were determined in the superficial sediment of 19 sampling stations, as well as the temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity and redox potential in the bottom layer of the water column. Seasonal and spatial changes were observed for both years, especially for organic matter and nutrient concentrations. Three different areas could be identified along the river, which corresponded to the upper, middle and lower Paranapanema basin. The first area was characterized by an increase of nutrients and organic matter in the sediments and a decrease of temperature and dissolved oxygen in the downstream direction. The second one represented a region where fluctuations in nutrient and organic matter concentrations and a reduction in dissolved oxygen were observed. In the third area, there was an increase in nutrient and organic matter in the sediments and also an increase in temperature and dissolved oxygen towards the river mouth. The results of the principal components analysis, using water and sediments variables, showed the ordination of sampling stations by periods: wet (January–April) and dry (July–October) during 2000. This pattern was also verified during 2001, but with slight changes, probably due to the increase in the rains which would have produced certain homogenization effects along the river.
Experiments on sediment trap efficiency in reservoirs
Authors: Toniolo Horacio , Schultz Jeremy 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSediment trap efficiency plays a key role in the effective operational life of reservoirs. This paper presents the results of five laboratory experiments on trap efficiency. An over‐spilling condition and four gaps located at the downstream end of a reservoir were analysed in this study. The experimental design assumed a river carrying two phases of sediment flowing into a one‐dimensional reservoir. The coarse sediment (sand) was deposited and formed a defined prograding delta. The fine sediment (mud) formed a dilute suspension of wash load in the river. As the river entered the reservoir, the muddy water plunged on the foreset, forming a turbidity current. The turbidity current deposits, in turn, formed a bottomset. Black coal slag and white glass beads were used to simulate sand and mud. Their specific densities were 2.6 and 2.5 for black coal and beads, respectively. The water surface elevation in the reservoir was approximately similar in all experiments. Neither the water nor sediment discharge conditions were changed during the experimental runs. Suspended sediment was sampled through seven siphons; six of these being components of a rake in which they were vertically stacked. The last siphon was positioned on the rake outlet. Sediment samples were taken three times, at approximately evenly spaced intervals in the experiments. Suspended sediment concentration and grain size distribution were calculated for each siphon. The bed sediment deposit was sampled after each experiment. Sediment trap efficiency in the reservoir was calculated. Experimental results show the maximum venting capacity (minimum trap efficiency) occurs under over‐spilling conditions.
Identification of the motilin cells in duodenal epithelium of premature infants
Authors: Nishikubo Toshiya , Yamakawa Akihiko , Kamitsuji Hidekazu , Nakajima Mitsuru , Takahashi Yukihiro , Nakayama Masahiro , Kitajima Hiroyuki , Fujimura Masanori 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Background
: The aim of the present study was to examine the presence of motilin in the duodenal epithelial cells of premature infants of <32 weeks gestation.
Methods
: Specimens from 10 deceased infants (gestational age: 26.4 ± 2.7 weeks and birthweight: 808 ± 303 g) were examined as subjects. All infants died of severe cardiopulmonary disorder or intraventricular hemorrhage (grade IV). The average survival period was 3.1 ± 1.9 days. Autopsies were performed and formalin‐fixed duodenums were immunostained with rabbit antiserum to motilin by the labeled streptavidin–biotin (LSAB) method. An adult duodenum obtained by pancreatoduodenectomy was also examined for the presence of motilin as a positive control specimen. An absorption test using motilin peptide was performed to prove the specificity of the binding with rabbit antiserum to motilin.
Results
: Motilin‐containing cells were detected in the adult specimen, and the binding by rabbit antiserum to motilin was completely inhibited by excess amounts of motilin peptide, indicating that this binding was specific to motilin. All 10 infants had presence of motilin antigen in the epithelial cells of their duodenums.
Conclusion
: This preliminary study indicates that the immunohistological analysis is specific to detect motilin‐containing cells, and certifies the presence of motilin in duodenal epithelial cells of premature infants of <32 weeks gestation, including one at only 22 weeks gestation.
Prevalence and factors affecting headache in Turkish schoolchildren
Authors: Bugdayci Resul , Ozge Aynur , Sasmaz Tayyar , Kurt Ahmet Oner , Kaleagasi Hakan , Karakelle Ali , Tezcan Hanife , Siva Aksel 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Background
: Headache is a public health problem affecting life quality negatively. The present cross‐sectional, selective (2nd–5th grades) study was conducted to determine the prevalence of recurrent headache in schoolchildren in Mersin, a city of Turkey.
Methods
: A stratified sample of 5777 students was selected to be representative of the city's schoolchildren population. After the data quality control process, the study sample was reduced to 5562 schoolchildren.
Result
: The prevalence of recurrent headache was 49.2% (2739/5562). Among the studied population 24.7% had tension‐type headache and 10.4% had migraine. Girls had significantly more frequent headache than boys. Binary logistic regression analysis found that increasing age, female gender, low socioeconomic status of family, low education level of mother, and positive family history of headache (father, mother, siblings, second degree relatives) had a statistically significant effect on the presence of headache in children. Additionally, having travel sickness had a statistically significant effect on schoolchildren headache (P = 0.000).
Conclusion
: Headache is a common health problem among schoolchildren in Mersin, which merits increased attention and detailed multicentre epidemiological and clinical studies.
Effect of foremilk and hindmilk on simple procedural pain in newborns
Authors: Uyan Zeynep Seda , Özek Eren , Bilgen Hülya , Cebeci Dilsat , Akman Ipek 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Background
: Infants are exposed to painful stimuli during routine medical care in the first few days of life. The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of foremilk; hindmilk, which has been known to have more fat content than foremilk; and sterile water in reducing pain in newborns undergoing minor painful procedures.
Methods
: Sixty‐two healthy term infants requiring a heel prick blood sample for screening tests were randomly allocated to receive 2 mL of foremilk, hindmilk or sterile water. Median crying time, duration of the first cry, percent change in heart rate, maximum heart rate and neonatal facial coding system scores were recorded to assess the infants’ response to pain.
Results
: Statistically significant differences between the three groups were not found in terms of crying time, duration of the first cry, percent change in heart rate or maximum heart rate (P = 0.19, P = 0.08, P = 0.22 and P = 0.91, respectively). When the mean pain scores of the groups were compared at 0, 1, 2 and 3 min, there was no statistically significant difference between the three groups (P = 0.58, P = 0.55, P = 0.58 and P = 0.84 for 0, 1, 2 and 3 min, respectively).
Conclusion
: Although hindmilk has a minor superiority in terms of crying time, duration of the first cry and percent change in heart rate, it does not reach statistical significance. It is concluded that neither foremilk nor hindmilk is superior in relieving pain when compared to placebo.
Research on promotion of management of children with psychosomatic and psychosocial disorders in Japan
Authors: Ishizaki Yuko , Kobayashi Yohnosuke , Yamagata Zentaro , Eto Takashi , Hoshika Akinori , Kano Yukiko , Koeda Tatsuya , Miike Teruhisa , Oki Junichi , Tanaka Hidetaka , Watanabe Hisako 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Background
: The number of children with psychosomatic and psychosocial disorders has been increasing in Japan. There are, however, few trained pediatricians who have adequate knowledge of the treatment needed. The Research Group on the Promotion of Management of Children with Psychosomatic and Psychosocial Disorders carried out the present study to (i) disseminate knowledge about psychosomatic and psychosocial disorders of children; and (ii) establish a community‐based network model to ensure effective communication among relevant institutions.
Methods
: To disseminate knowledge of the psychosocial and psychosomatic disorders, the Research Group compiled the Handbook for Psychosomatic Disorders of Children and distributed it to pediatricians throughout Japan. A follow‐up questionnaire survey was then carried out. Also, in order to examine the current status of the communication network between pediatricians and the related institutions, the Research Group conducted a questionnaire survey on general pediatricians.
Results
: Sixty‐five percent of the respondents indicated that they were actually using the Handbook. The topics in the Handbook that were most frequently referred to by the respondents were attention deficit hyperactivity disorders, school refusal, eating disorders, and orthostatic dysregulation. Thirty‐seven percent of the participants indicated changes in their behavior towards psychosomatic and psychosocial problems. The results of the survey on communication networks found that the pediatricians generally collaborated with different institutions depending on the nature of the problems, such as school refusal and bullying, developmental disorders, child abuse and maltreatment, and others.
Conclusion
: Promotion of the Handbook would greatly contribute to improving the management of children with psychosomatic and psychosocial disorders, together with the construction of the basic network model for management of these children.
British and French Evaluation of International Higher Education Issues: an identical political reality?1
Authors: DODDS ANNELIESE 
Published: May 2005

AbstractIn both Britain and France, evaluation has been seen as one element of national strategies to internationalise higher education (HE), with the spread of evaluation indicating policy convergence. However, there are dangers in describing the cross‐national adoption of evaluation as an instance of policy transfer in higher education. This article compares two evaluation agencies, the French Comité National de l’Évaluation des Établissements Publics à caractère scientifique, culturel et professionnel (CNE) and the British Quality Assurance Agency (QAA), which have both been seen as guarantors of the quality of domestic HE, and concomitantly as elements in international HE promotion. It indicates considerable differences in the evaluation reports produced by each agency, and links these to the context in which they were produced: the institutional relationships between each agency, higher education institutions, and the state; and the general context of ‘evaluation’ in each country's public sphere. The article thus challenges analyses which have seen the proliferation of evaluation across national contexts as evidence of ‘policy transfer’ or of ‘homogenisation’. Instead, it shows how differences in an ostensibly similar ‘product’, the ‘quality reports’ produced by each agency, reflect the institutional context of evaluation and its role in public policy writ large.