bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postprandial Hypotension Predicts All‐Cause Mortality in Older, Low‐Level Care Residents
Authors: Fisher Alexander A. , Davis Michael W. , Srikusalanukul Wichat , Budge Marc M. 
Published: July 2005

Objectives: To evaluate which indices of blood pressure (BP) homeostasis are the strongest predictors of mortality in older low‐level‐care residents in long‐term health facilities.Design: Prospective cohort study.Setting: Eight long‐term healthcare facilities in Canberra, Australia.Participants: A total of 179 randomly selected semi‐independent residents aged 65 and older (mean age±standard deviation 83.2±7.0; 80% women).Measurements: Baseline BP levels taken while lying, after standing for 1 and 3 minutes, and sitting before and 1 hour after meal intake were recorded, as well as demographic information, chronic medical conditions, medications, and all‐cause mortality during follow‐up. Postprandial hypotension (PPH) was defined as a fall in systolic BP (SBP) of 20 mmHg or more 1 hour postmeal while sitting. Orthostatic hypotension (OH) was defined as a fall in SBP of 20 mmHg or more or in diastolic BP (DBP) of 10 mmHg or more within 3 minutes of standing from a supine position. Hypertension was defined as BP greater than 160/90 mmHg at commencement of the study. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pulse pressure (PP) were calculated.Results: At baseline, 47% of participants had hypertension, 38% PPH, and 23% OH; PP was 70 mmHg or greater in 54%, and DBP was 65 mmHg or lower in 6%. Over 4.7 years, 97 (54%) participants died. Those who died were significantly older and more likely to have PPH (47% vs 28%) and atrial fibrillation (35% vs 17%) and a significantly greater decrease in BP after meal intake. Mortality rates in those with and without PPH were 145.0 and 98.5 per 1,000 person‐years, respectively. Using multivariate Cox proportional hazards models after adjustment for age, sex, presence of atrial fibrillation, Parkinson's disease, and use of diuretics, PPH was the only BP parameter that significantly and independently predicted 4.7‐year all‐cause mortality (relative risk (RR)=1.79; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.19−2.68; P=.005). Further adjustment for the presence of OH, hypertension, low resting BP, coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, congestive heart failure, history of syncope, cognitive impairment, cancer, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and history of smoking did not reveal any new statistically significant associations. There was a dose–response relationship between postprandial fall in SBP and mortality rates. Absolute postprandial SBP of 120 mmHg or less was also significantly associated with total mortality (RR=1.69, 95% CI=1.04−2.78; P=.04). Low DBP was also associated with increased mortality (RR=1.10, 95% CI=1.01−1.13; P=.03), although this association became nonsignificant in multivariate analysis.Conclusion: In older low‐level‐care residents, PPH is an independent predictor of all‐cause mortality with no added predictive value explained by other BP indices: OH, hypertension, PP, MAP.
Serum Albumin and Muscle Strength: A Longitudinal Study in Older Men and Women
Authors: Schalk Bianca W. M. , Deeg Dorly J. H. , Penninx Brenda W. J. H. , Bouter Lex M. , Visser Marjolein 
Published: July 2005

Objectives: To examine whether low serum albumin is associated with low muscle strength and future decline in muscle strength in community‐dwelling older men and women.Design: Population‐based cohort study.Setting: The Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam.Participants: Six hundred seventy‐six women and 644 men aged 65 to 88.Measurements: Serum albumin was determined at baseline. Muscle strength was assessed using grip strength at baseline, after 3 (n=1,009), and 6 (n=741) years. The outcomes were continuous baseline muscle strength, 3‐ and 6‐year change in muscle strength, and a dichotomous indicator for substantial decline (a decrease if ≥1 standard deviations for women=11 kg, for men=12 kg) in muscle strength.Results: Mean serum albumin concentration±standard deviation was 45.0±3.3 g/L for women and 45.2±3.2 g/L for men. At baseline, adjusting for age, lifestyle factors, and chronic conditions, lower serum albumin was cross‐sectionally associated with weaker muscle strength (P<.001) in women and men. After 3 years of follow‐up, mean decline in muscle strength was −5.6±10.9 kg in women and −9.6±11.9 kg in men. After adjustment for potential confounders, lower serum albumin was associated with muscle strength decline over 3 years (P<.01) in women and men (β=0.57, standard error (SE)=0.18; β=0.37, SE=0.16, respectively). Lower serum albumin was also associated with substantial decline in muscle strength in women (per unit albumin (g/L) adjusted odds ratio (OR)=1.14, one‐sided 95% confidence limit (CL)=1.07) and men (per unit albumin (g/L) adjusted OR=1.14, 95% CL=1.08). Similar but slightly weaker associations were found between serum albumin and 6‐year change in muscle strength (P<.05).Conclusion: These results suggest that low serum albumin, even within the normal range, is independently associated with weaker muscle strength and future decline in muscle strength in older women and men.
Obesity in Nursing Homes: An Escalating Problem
Authors: Lapane Kate L. , Resnik Linda 
Published: July 2005

Objectives: To estimate trends in the prevalence of obesity in nursing homes, to characterize the obese nursing home population, and to evaluate the extent to which estimates of the prevalence of obesity varied by facility and geographic location.Design: Cross‐sectional.Setting: One thousand six hundred twenty‐five nursing homes in Kansas, Maine, Mississippi, New York, and South Dakota from 1992 to 2002; 16,110 nursing homes in the United States in 2002.Participants: Newly admitted residents between 1992 and 2002 (n=847,601) in selected states and 1,448,046 residents newly admitted to a U.S. nursing home in 2002 with height and weight documented on the Minimum Data Set (MDS) assessment.Measurements: Data were from the Systematic Assessment of Geriatric Drug Use via Epidemiology database. Residents were classified as having a body mass index of less than 18.5 kg/m2, 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2, 25.0 to 29.9 kg/m2, 30 to 34.9 kg/m2, or 35.0 kg/m2 or greater.Results: Adjusting for sociodemographics, in Kansas, Maine, Mississippi, New York, and South Dakota, fewer than 15% of newly admitted residents were obese in 1992, rising to more than 25% in 2002. In U.S. nursing homes, the distribution of obese residents is not shared equally across facilities. Nearly 30% of residents with a BMI of 35 kg/m2 or greater are younger than 65, and a disproportionate percentage of obese residents are non‐Hispanic black. Residents identified as obese had a higher likelihood of comorbid conditions (e.g., diabetes mellitus, arthritis, hypertension, depression, and allergies).Conclusion: Increasing prevalence of obesity in nursing homes and substantial variation of obesity prevalence within facilities raise concerns about nursing home preparedness and access.
A Pilot Study of Usefulness of Clinician–Patient Videoconferencing for Making Routine Medical Decisions in the Nursing Home
Authors: Laflamme Mark R. , Wilcox David C. , Sullivan Jacquelyn , Schadow Gunther , Lindbergh Donald , Warvel Jill , Buchanan Heydon , Ising Terry , Abernathy Greg , Perkins Susan M. , Daggy Joanne , Frankel Richard M. , Dexter Paul , McDonald Clement J. , Weiner Michael 
Published: July 2005

Objectives: To pilot and assess the role of videoconferencing in clinicians' medical decision‐making and their interactions with nursing home residents (NHRs).Design: Paired virtual and bedside examinations. Face‐to‐face (FTF) examination of NHRs by off‐site clinicians immediately followed videoconferencing between the same clinician–NHR pair.Setting: A 240‐bed, county‐managed, urban nursing home.Participants: NHRs (n=35) and clinicians (n=3) receiving or providing routine care between 2002 and 2003.Measurements: Orders generated by clinicians, clinicians' ratings of videoconferencing, and coded review of video encounters. After both examinations, clinicians rated the encounters and generated orders necessary for NHRs. Orders were categorized and counted according to timing (before or after the FTF visit). Clinician–NHR interactions were assessed using coding videos with a 31‐item instrument.Results: For 71% of the encounters, clinicians stated that videoconferencing facilitated their assessment. Difficulties included sound quality (19%) and participants' familiarity with videoconferencing (7%). Although NHRs were alert in 50% of encounters, 62% of alert NHRs did not indicate understanding of the recommended treatment.Conclusion: FTF examination was superior for most assessments, but videoconferencing was judged to be valuable, especially for wound care. Even when NHRs were alert, informed medical decision‐making by NHRs with their clinicians was limited. Enhancing videoconferencing quality and providing more training about informed decision‐making using videoconferencing might improve the effectiveness of the technology.
What Predicts Influenza Vaccination Status in Older Americans over Several Years?
Authors: Tabbarah Melissa , Zimmerman Richard Kent , Nowalk Mary Patricia , Janosky Janine E. , Troy Judith A. , Raymund Mahlon , Jewell Ilene Katz 
Published: July 2005

Objectives: To examine the correlates of repeat influenza vaccination and determine whether there are age‐group (50–64, ≥65) differences in decision‐making behavior.Design: Longitudinal survey study.Setting: Two community health centers in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.Participants: Two hundred fifty‐three patients aged 50 and older in 2001 who visited one of the health centers and completed telephone surveys in 2002 and 2003 after the respective influenza seasons.Measurements: Influenza vaccination status, demographic characteristics, and decision‐making behavior were self‐reported. Vaccination status was identified for three seasons: 2000–2001, 2001–2002, and 2002–2003. A three‐level outcome was defined as unvaccinated all 3 years, vaccinated one to two times over 3 years, and vaccinated all 3 years. Factor analysis identified three decision‐making behaviors.Results: Predictors of being vaccinated across 3 years included being older, the belief that social forces influence vaccination behavior, and disagreement with the view that vaccine is detrimental.Conclusion: National educational efforts should be intensified to dispel the myths about alleged adverse events, including contracting influenza from inactivated influenza vaccine. Physicians should continue to share their personal experiences of treating patients with influenza, including the incidence of hospitalization and death.
PAIRED PREFERENCE TESTS: d′ VALUES FROM MEXICAN CONSUMERS WITH VARIOUS RESPONSE OPTIONS
Authors: ALFARO‐RODRIGUEZ HAYDE , O'MAHONY MICHAEL , ANGULO OFELIA 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACT Three groups, each comprising 200 consumers, performed paired preference tests between two flavors of potato chips. For one group, a “No Preference” option was allowed, while for the second group, it was not. For a third group, a “No Preference” option was allowed while the preference responses were differentiated as “Strong Preference” and “Weak Preference.” For all three groups, d′ values representing overall strength of preference did not differ significantly.
SENSORY PROFILING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CHOCOLATE PEANUT SPREAD USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY
Authors: CHU C.A. , RESURRECCION A.V.A. 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACT Response surface methodology was used to profile and characterize formulations of chocolate peanut spread. A constrained mixture design for 36 different formulations with varying peanut (P), chocolate (C) and sugar (S) was used. A processing variable, roast (R), was included where peanuts were roasted to light, medium and dark levels. A descriptive panel (n = 10) identified and rated 24 attributes, using 150‐mm unstructured line scales. Regression analysis was performed and models were reduced. Models having R2 > 0.70 were selected for prediction. Contour maps were constructed to: (1) visualize the effects of mixture components and roasting level and (2) characterize optimum formulations at light, medium and dark, which were determined as (30–49% P, 23–40% C and 21–31% S); (29–65% P, 0.9–41% C and 17–36% S) and (27–56% P, 19–45% C and 18–35% S), respectively, adding up to 100% of the mixture. Analyses of optimum and nonoptimum formulations and significant differences were not found between predicted and observed values for most attributes.
RNAs in the Virion of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus
Authors: Bechtel Jill , Grundhoff Adam , Ganem Don 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACT

De novo infection of cultured cells with Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) typically results in a latent infection. Recently, however, it has been reported that a subset of lytic mRNAs can be detected in cells shortly after KSHV infection; this expression is transient and eventually subsides, leading to latent infection (H. H. Krishnan et al., J. Virol
78:
3601-3620, 2004). Since it has been shown that viral RNAs can be packaged into other herpesvirus virions, we sought to determine if KSHV virions contained RNAs and, if so, whether these RNAs contributed to the pool of lytic transcripts detected immediately after infection. Using DNA microarray, reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, and Northern blotting analyses, we identified 11 virally encoded RNAs in KSHV virions. These corresponded in size to the full-length mRNAs found in cytoplasmic RNA, and at least one was directly demonstrated to be translated upon infection in the presence of actinomycin D. Ten of these RNAs correspond to transcripts reported by Krishnan et al. at early times of infection, representing ca. 30% of such RNAs. Thus, import of RNAs in virions can account for some but not all of the early-appearing lytic transcripts. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of infected-cell RNA demonstrated that most of the virion RNAs were very abundant at late times of infection, consistent with nonspecific incorporation during budding. However, the intracellular levels of one virion mRNA, encoding the viral protease, were much lower than those of transcripts not packaged in the virus particle, strongly suggesting that it may be incorporated by a specific mechanism.
Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Protein 3A Domains Essential for Growth of Lymphoblasts: Transcriptional Regulation through RBP-Jκ/CBF1 Is Critical
Authors: Maruo Seiji , Johannsen Eric , Illanes Diego , Cooper Andrew , Zhao Bo , Kieff Elliott 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACT

Experimental reverse genetic replacement of Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 3A (EBNA3A) with a conditional mutant EBNA3A revealed that EBNA3A is critical for continued lymphoblastoid cell (LCL) growth. Wild-type (wt) EBNA3A expressed in the LCLs specifically sustained growth under nonpermissive conditions, whereas EBNA3B or EBNA3C expression had no effect (S. Mauro, E. Johannsen, D. Illanes, A. Cooper, and E. Kieff, J. Virol.
77:
10437-10447, 2003). This genetic system and related biochemical assays have now been used to discover that EBNA3A lacking amino acid residues 170 to 240 (Δ170-240), TLGC
202
to AAGA
202
, or Δ300-386, which are deficient in repression of EBNA2 activation of an RBP-Jκ/CBF1-dependent EBV Cp enhancer, are null mutations for LCL growth, whereas EBNA3A Δ2-124, Δ410-439, Δ440-470, Δ470-500, Δ500-523, Δ523-612, and Δ620-820, which are wt in repression are wt for LCL growth. Thus, EBNA3A regulation of transcription through RBP-Jκ/CBF1 is critical for LCL growth. EBNA3A mutants deleted of amino acid residues 240 to 300, 386 to 410, or 827 to 944 were intermediate, null, or intermediate, respectively, for LCL growth despite being wt for RBP-Jκ association and repression. Amino acid residues 240 to 300, 386 to 410, and, particularly, C-terminal residues 827 to 944 are therefore likely to contribute to LCL growth through RBP-Jκ-independent mechanisms.
Composition and Assembly of STAT-Targeting Ubiquitin Ligase Complexes: Paramyxovirus V Protein Carboxyl Terminus Is an Oligomerization Domain
Authors: Ulane Christina M. , Kentsis Alex , Cruz Cristian D. , Parisien Jean-Patrick , Schneider Kristi L. , Horvath Curt M. 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACT

Transcription regulators STAT1 and STAT2 are key components of the interferon signaling system leading to innate antiviral immunity. The related STAT3 protein is a regulator of interleukin-6-type cytokine signals and can contribute to both cell growth and death important for cancer gene regulation and tumor survival. These three STAT proteins are targeted for proteasome-mediated degradation by RNA viruses in the
Rubulavirus
genus of the
Paramyxoviridae
. A single viral protein, the V protein, assembles STAT-specific ubiquitin ligase complexes from cellular components. Simian virus 5 (SV5) targets STAT1, human parainfluenza virus 2 targets STAT2, and mumps virus targets both STAT1 and STAT3. Analysis of the V-dependent degradation complex (VDC) composition and assembly revealed several features contributing to targeting specificity. SV5 and mumps V proteins require STAT2 to recruit the STAT1 target, yet mumps V protein binds STAT3 independent of STAT1 and STAT2. All
Rubulavirus
V proteins tested require cellular DDB1 to target STATs for degradation but differ in the use of Roc1, which is essential for mumps V STAT3 targeting. Protein interaction analysis reveals that paramyxovirus V proteins can homo- and heterooligomerize and that the conserved cysteine-rich zinc-binding C-terminal domain is necessary and sufficient for oligomerization. Purified SV5 V protein spontaneously assembles into spherical macromolecular particles, and similar particles constitute SV5 and mumps VDC preparations.
Replicating Rather than Nonreplicating Adenovirus-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Recombinant Vaccines Are Better at Eliciting Potent Cellular Immunity and Priming High-Titer Antibodies
Authors: Peng Bo , Wang Liqun Rejean , Gómez-Román Victor Raúl , Davis-Warren Alberta , Montefiori David C. , Kalyanaraman V. S. , Venzon David , Zhao Jun , Kan Elaine , Rowell Thomas J. , Murthy Krishna K. , Srivastava Indresh , Barnett Susan W. , Robert-Guroff Marjorie 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACTA major challenge in combating the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic is the development of vaccines capable of inducing potent, persistent cellular immunity and broadly reactive neutralizing antibody responses to HIV type 1 (HIV-1). We report here the results of a preclinical trial using the chimpanzee model to investigate a combination vaccine strategy involving sequential priming immunizations with different serotypes of adenovirus (Ad)/HIV-1MNenv/revrecombinants and boosting with an HIV envelope subunit protein, oligomeric HIVSF162gp140ΔV2. The immunogenicities of replicating and nonreplicating Ad/HIV-1MNenv/revrecombinants were compared. Replicating Ad/HIV recombinants were better at eliciting HIV-specific cellular immune responses and better at priming humoral immunity against HIV than nonreplicating Ad-HIV recombinants carrying the same gene insert. Enhanced cellular immunity was manifested by a greater frequency of HIV envelope-specific gamma interferon-secreting peripheral blood lymphocytes and better priming of T-cell proliferative responses. Enhanced humoral immunity was seen in higher anti-envelope binding and neutralizing antibody titers and better induction of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. More animals primed with replicating Ad recombinants mounted neutralizing antibodies against heterologous R5 viruses after one or two booster immunizations with the mismatched oligomeric HIV-1SF162gp140ΔV2 protein. These results support continued development of the replicating Ad-HIV recombinant vaccine approach and suggest that the use of replicating vectors for other vaccines may prove fruitful.
HLA-B63 Presents HLA-B57/B58-Restricted Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Epitopes and Is Associated with Low Human Immunodeficiency Virus Load
Authors: Frahm Nicole , Adams Sharon , Kiepiela Photini , Linde Caitlyn H. , Hewitt Hannah S. , Lichterfeld Mathias , Sango Kaori , Brown Nancy V. , Pae Eunice , Wurcel Alysse G. , Altfeld Marcus , Feeney Margaret E. , Allen Todd M. , Roach Timothy , St. John M. Anne , Daar Eric S. , Rosenberg Eric , Korber Bette , Marincola Francesco , Walker Bruce D. , Goulder Philip J. R. , Brander Christian 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACTSeveral HLA class I alleles have been associated with slow human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression, supporting the important role HLA class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) play in controlling HIV infection. HLA-B63, the serological marker for the closely related HLA-B*1516 and HLA-B*1517 alleles, shares the epitope binding motif of HLA-B57 and HLA-B58, two alleles that have been associated with slow HIV disease progression. We investigated whether HIV-infected individuals who express HLA-B63 generate CTL responses that are comparable in breadth and specificity to those of HLA-B57/58-positive subjects and whether HLA-B63-positive individuals would also present with lower viral set points than the general population. The data show that HLA-B63-positive individuals indeed mounted responses to previously identified HLA-B57-restricted epitopes as well as towards novel, HLA-B63-restricted CTL targets that, in turn, can be presented by HLA-B57 and HLA-B58. HLA-B63-positive subjects generated these responses early in acute HIV infection and were able to control HIV replication in the absence of antiretroviral treatment with a median viral load of 3,280 RNA copies/ml. The data support an important role of the presented epitope in mediating relative control of HIV replication and help to better define immune correlates of controlled HIV infection.
Structure of the Flavivirus Helicase: Implications for Catalytic Activity, Protein Interactions, and Proteolytic Processing
Authors: Wu Jinhua , Bera Aloke Kumar , Kuhn Richard J. , Smith Janet L. 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACT

Yellow fever virus (YFV), a member of the
Flavivirus
genus, has a plus-sense RNA genome encoding a single polyprotein. Viral protein NS3 includes a protease and a helicase that are essential to virus replication and to RNA capping. The 1.8-Å crystal structure of the helicase region of the YFV NS3 protein includes residues 187 to 623. Two familiar helicase domains bind nucleotide in a triphosphate pocket without base recognition, providing a site for nonspecific hydrolysis of nucleoside triphosphates and RNA triphosphate. The third, C-terminal domain has a unique structure and is proposed to function in RNA and protein recognition. The organization of the three domains indicates that cleavage of the viral polyprotein NS3-NS4A junction occurs in
trans
.