bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
12th Workshop of the Central European Division e.V. of the International Isotope Society
Authors: Snieckus V. , Geach N. J. , Randall G. P. , Winfield C. J. , Studer A. , Spivey A. C. , Jones T. , Noban C. , Ellames G. J. , Kohler A. , Wadsworth H. , Rieke‐Zapp J. , Stone‐Elander S. , Goehl J. , Perry B. , Windels J. , Marx M. H. , Krüger J. , Manmontri B. , Fels G. , Wüst F. , Kniess T. , Bergmann R. , Mäding P. , Füchtner F. , Hilger C. S. , Halks–Miller M. , Horuk R. , Matei L. , Postolache C. , Fugaru V. , Condac E. , Dinischiotu A. , Costache M. , Matei L. , Postolache C. , Fugaru V. , Atzrodt J. , Derdau V. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractV Snieckus [Queen's University, Canada]—The Directed Ortho Metalation—Cross Coupling Symbiosis in Aromatic Synthesis.N Geach, GP Randall, CJ Winfield [Scynexis, UK]—Isotopically Labelled 4‐Formylimidazole.A Studer [Marburg University, Germany]—New Concepts in Tin‐Free Radical Chemistry.AC Spivey, C Noban [Imperial College London, UK]. T Jones [Sheffield University, UK], GJ Ellames, A Kohler [Sanofi‐Synthélabo, UK], H Wadsworth [Amersham Biosciences, UK]—Opportunities for Isotope Labelling via Solid Phase Synthesis with Organogermanium Linkers.J Rieke‐Zapp [Aventis Pharma, Germany]—Optimization of Reaction Conditions on mg‐Scale by Use of Screening Devices.S Stone‐Elander [Karolinska Institute, Sweden]—Rerouting Radiochemistry with Microwaves.J Goehl, B Perry, D Leuck, J Windels, M Marx [EaglePicher Pharmaceutical, USA]—GMP and Radiolabelled Syntheses of Capsaicin.J Krüger, B Manmontri, G Fels [Paderborn University, Germany]—H/D‐Exchange in Aromatic Systems Using Transition Metal Catalysis.F Wüst, T Kniess, R Bergmann [Research Centre Rossendorf, Germany]—Synthesis of a 11C‐Labelled Nonsteroidal Glucocorticoid Receptor Ligand as Potential Radiotracer for Imaging Brain Glucocorticoid Receptors with Positron Emission Tomography (PET).P Mäding, F Füchtner [Research Centre Rossendorf, Germany], CS Hilger [Schering AG, Germany]. M Halks‐Miller, R Horuk [Berlix Biosciences, USA]—18F‐Labelling of a Potent Nonpeptide CCR1 Antagonist for the Diagnosis of the Alzheimer's Disease.L Matei, C Postolache, V Fugaru, E Condac, A Dinischiotu, M Costache [Bukarest University, Romania]—Use of [1,2‐3H] Testosterone in 5α‐ Reductase Enzymatic Activity Dosing in Dermal Fibroblast Cultures from Polycystic Ovarian Patients.L Matei, C Postolache, V Fugaru [Bukarest University, Romania]—Synthesis and Stability Studies of Acyclovir Labelled with Tritium.J Atzrodt, V Derdau [Aventis Pharma, Germany]—Studies on Directed Ortho‐Metalation (DoM) as Convenient Tool for the Synthesis of Labeled Compounds.
Stability of human cytomegalovirus genotypes in persistently infected renal transplant recipients
Authors: Stanton Richard , Westmoreland Diana , Fox Julie D. , Davison Andrew J. , Wilkinson Gavin W.G. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractAlthough most genes are highly conserved among strains of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), several are unusually variable. By analyzing the sequence of two variable genes (UL146 and UL74) amplified directly from whole blood DNA extracts, multiple HCMV strains were detected in blood samples from 5/11 virus‐infected renal transplant patients. These five patients were seronegative prior to transplantation and their likely acquisition of the virus was via the donated organ; HCMV‐positive immunocompetent donors may thus be capable of harboring and transmitting multiple virus genotypes. In sequential samples taken up to 140 days post transplant no mutations in either gene were detected from 9/10 patients, and in the remaining patient a single nucleotide change was detected in UL146, and none in UL74. All sequences grouped into previously defined genotypes, with the detection of multiple members of the UL74 group 5 genotype establishing this previously tentative genotype. Additionally, identical sequences were identified in viruses from different patients, including examples from geographically distinct regions. Thus, although UL146 and UL74 exhibit impressive variation among strains, their sequences are maintained stably within and between infected individuals, suggesting that sequence differences between genotypes may be driven by differing gene function. J. Med. Virol. 75:42–46, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impact of human metapneumovirus in childhood: Comparison with respiratory syncytial virus and influenza viruses
Authors: Bosis Samantha , Esposito Susanna , Niesters Hubert G.M. , Crovari Piero , Osterhaus Albert D.M.E. , Principi Nicola 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThis study evaluated the overall impact of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) infection in 1,505 children and their households, and compared it with infections due to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza viruses. Nasopharyngeal swabs were used at enrollment to collect specimens for the detection of hMPV, RSV, and influenza virus RNA by reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). hMPV was detected in 42 children (2.8%), RSV in 143 (9.5%; P < 0.0001 vs. hMPV), and influenza viruses in 230 (15.3%; P < 0.0001 vs. hMPV). Of the 42 hMPV‐positive samples, one was also positive for RSV and six for influenza viruses, for a co‐infection rate of 16.7%. Clinically, hMPV was identified only in patients with acute respiratory infection, whereas RSV and influenza viruses were also detected in patients with different clinical manifestations. Symptoms with statistically significant different proportions at presentation were fever (more frequent in the hMPV‐ and influenza‐positive children) and wheezing with bronchiolitis or asthma exacerbation (more frequent among hMPV‐ and RSV‐positive cases). The households of the hMPV‐ and the influenza‐positive children had significantly more illnesses, needed significantly more medical visits, received more antipyretics, and missed significantly more work or school days than those of the RSV‐positive children. Results show that hMPV is an emerging cause of acute respiratory infection in childhood, and may have a significant clinical and socioeconomic impact on children and their families. J. Med. Virol. 75:101–104, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sox10 acts as a tissue‐specific transcription factor enhancing activation of the myelin basic protein gene promoter by p27Kip1 and Sp1
Authors: Wei Qiou , Miskimins W. Keith , Miskimins Robin 
Published: November 2004

AbstractMyelin basic protein (MBP) is one of the major components of the myelin sheath that insulates axons. In the central nervous system, MBP is synthesized by differentiating oligodendrocytes. The expression of MBP in oligodendrocytes is regulated mainly at the transcriptional level. The Sp1 family of transcription factors has been shown to be important in the regulation of many genes. Binding of Sp1 to the GC box in the proximal MBP promoter has been shown to be indispensable for the activation of MBP gene expression. Previous results from our laboratory have shown that the increase in p27Kip1 that accompanies oligodendrocyte differentiation is paralleled by an increase in Sp1. We also have shown that the increase in MBP expression resulting from elevated p27Kip1 levels is mediated through Sp1 and that this effect occurs specifically in oligodendrocytes. In this study, we found that increased expression of p27Kip1 together with the nervous‐system‐specific transcription factor Sox10 can activate the MBP promoter even in nonoligodendrocyte cells. This indicates that Sox10 confers cell type specificity on the expression of MBP. Both Sp1 and Sox10 can enhance MBP promoter activity when expressed alone. Cotransfection of plasmids encoding Sp1 and Sox10 induces increased activation of the MBP promoter over expression of either transcription factor alone. This effect is not limited to oligodendrocyte cell lines, in that Sp1 and Sox10 can also synergistically activate the MBP promoter when expressed in NIH3T3 fibroblasts. Mutation of the Sp1 binding sites in the MBP promoter eliminates Sox10 stimulated activation, suggesting that the MBP promoter is activated, at least in part, through protein–protein interactions between Sp1 and Sox10. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
3α,5α‐tetrahydroprogesterone (allopregnanolone) and γ‐aminobutyric acid: Autocrine/paracrine interactions in the control of neonatal PSA‐NCAM+ progenitor proliferation
Authors: Gago Nathalie , El‐Etr Martine , Sananès Nicole , Cadepond Françoise , Samuel Denise , Avellana‐Adalid Virginia , Baron‐Van Evercooren Anne , Schumacher Michael 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe earliest identified neonatal neural progenitors are cells that express the polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA‐NCAM). One of these progenitors is the early PSA‐NCAM+ progenitor (ePSA‐NCAM+ progenitor; Gago et al. [2003] Mol Cell Neurosci 22:162–178), which corresponds to a multipotential cell with a default differentiation through glial lineages. The ePSA‐NCAM+ progenitor can synthesize the neurosteroid progesterone (PROG) and its reduced metabolite 3α,5α‐tetrahydroprogesterone (3α,5α‐THP, or allopregnanolone; Gago et al. [ 2001] Glia 36:295–308). The latter is a potent positive allosteric modulator of γ‐aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors. In the present work, we demonstrate that PROG and 3α,5α‐THP both stimulate ePSA‐NCAM+ progenitor proliferation. PROG exerted its mitogenic effect indirectly, through its conversion to 3α,5α‐THP, since it could be abolished by an inhibitor of the 5α‐reductase (L685‐273) and mimicked by 3α,5α‐THP. A dose‐response curve revealed a bell‐shaped effect of 3α,5α‐THP on ePSA‐NCAM+ progenitor proliferation, with greatest stimulation at nanomolar concentrations. The mitogenic effect of 3α,5α‐THP was mediated by GABAA receptors, insofar as it could be blocked by the selective antagonist bicuculline. ePSA‐NCAM+ progenitors indeed expressed mRNAs for GABAA receptor subunits, and GABA enhanced cell proliferation, an effect that was also bicuculline sensitive. Moreover, these cells synthesized GABA, which was involved in a tonic stimulation of their proliferation. These results reveal complex autocrine/paracrine loops in the control of ePSA‐NCAM+ progenitor proliferation, involving both neurosteroid and GABA signaling, and suggest a novel key role for 3α,5α‐THP in the development of the nervous system. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bioactive phenolic compounds of cowpeas (Vigna sinensis L). Modifications by fermentation with natural microflora and with Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 14917
Authors: Dueñas Montserrat , Fernández Dolores , Hernández Teresa , Estrella Isabel , Muñoz Rosario 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIn this work we have determined the phenolic composition of raw cowpeas (Vigna sinensis L) of the variety Carilla by HPLC/PAD/MS and have studied the effect of fermentation, both spontaneous and with Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 14917, on the phenolic compounds. This variety contains mainly ferulic and p‐coumaric acids esterified with aldaric acids, together with the cis and trans isomers of the corresponding free acids. Hydroxybenzoic acids such as gallic, vanillic, p‐hydroxybenzoic and protocatechuic were also found, along with flavonols such as a myricetin glucoside, mono‐ and diglycosides of quercetin and a quercetin diglycoside acylated with ferulic acid. Fermentation, both spontaneous and inoculated, modifies the content of phenolic compounds, but differently in each case. The antioxidant activity as free radical‐scavenging activity has also been evaluated. Fermentation followed by heating has been shown to be a very effective process to increase the functionality of this variety of V sinensis. For this reason, this cowpea variety could be used as an ingredient to obtain high value‐added flours. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Electrochemical behavior of titanium‐tantalum alloys in sulfuric acid solutions
Authors: de Souza K. A. , Robin A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractTitanium exhibits a good corrosion resistance in oxidizing acids and neutral media but it is severely attacked in reducing acids. On the contrary, tantalum presents an excellent resistance in both oxidizing and reducing acids, but its high cost limits its use to very aggressive conditions. The titanium‐tantalum alloys are promising materials for use in reducing acids, due to their lower cost and density when compared to tantalum, and their higher corrosion resistance when compared to titanium. Titanium‐20, 40, 60 and 80 wt% tantalum alloys were prepared by arc‐melting and their microstructures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffractometry. Their electrochemical behaviors were studied in 20 to 80 wt% sulfuric acid solutions at room temperature, using open‐circuit potential measurements, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Different behaviors were observed depending on the tantalum content and acid concentration. A clear tendency of increase in corrosion resistance with the increase of tantalum content is observed, especially in 80 wt% sulfuric acid solutions.
Selective Electroless Deposition of Cu on an Ultrathin Au Film Pattern
Authors: Zhang Maofeng , Lu Conghua , Cong Hailin , Cao Weixiao 
Published: November 2004

AbstractSummary: In this report an ultrathin Au nanoparticle (AuNP) film composed of photosensitive diazoresin (DR) and mercaptophenol (MP) capped AuNPs (MP‐AuNPs) was fabricated by self‐assembly (SA). The DR/MP‐AuNP film was then patterned through a photomask by selective exposure to UV light and instantly developed in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) aqueous solution. After sintering at 550 °C to remove the organic components, the DR/MP‐AuNPs formed AuNPs. Taking advantage of the catalytic susceptibility of AuNPs toward electroless deposition of Cu, a Cu film micropattern with fine resolution (ca. 2–3 μm) and considerable thickness (ca. 130 nm) was prepared.SEM image of the micropatterned Cu film on a silicon substrate; scale bar: 10 μm.magnified imageSEM image of the micropatterned Cu film on a silicon substrate; scale bar: 10 μm.
Synthesis of Highly Branched Comblike Polymers Having One Branch in Each Repeating Unit by Linking Reaction of Polystyryllithium with Well‐Defined New Epoxy‐Functionalized Polystyrene
Authors: Hirao Akira , Shimohara Norihide , Ryu Sang Woo , Sugiyama Kenji 
Published: November 2004

AbstractHighly branched comblike polymers having one branch in each repeating unit were successfully synthesized by the linking reaction of polystyryllithium (PSLi) with new epoxy‐functionalized polystyrenes, poly(4‐(3,4‐epoxybutyl)styrenes, (1). The reaction of PSLi with 1 proceeded very fast to reach 88 % efficiency after 1 h and was complete within 24 h under the conditions in THF at −78 °C. A high molecular weight PSLi (Mw = 56.2 kg/mol) could be completely reacted with 1 (Mw = 8.36 kg/mol) to introduce into each of all epoxy reaction sites. However, the linking efficiency decreased with increasing the molecular weights of PSLi and especially 1. With use of a high molecular weight 1 (Mw = 71.8 kg/mol), even a low molecular weight PSLi (Mw = 4.28 kg/mol) could not be quantitatively introduced into all epoxy functions, although a high efficiency of 88 % was achieved. The influence of both molecular weights on linking efficiency was examined in detail.
Semicontinuous Emulsion Copolymerization of Vinyl Acetate and Butyl Acrylate Using Different Initiators and Different Chain Length Emulsifiers
Authors: Saraç Ayfer 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe semicontinuous emulsion copolymerization of vinyl acetate and butyl acrylate (VAc/BuA) (85:15) initiated by thermal initiators ammonium persulfate (APS) and potassium persulfate (PPS) at 70°C in the presence of nonylphenol ethoxylates of varying chain lengths (NP‐n) and acrylamide partially polymerized (Amol) was investigated. VAc‐BuA copolymer latexes were synthesized as two different series in the glass reactor, in the first serie was initiated by APS and PPS was used as initiator in the second serie. The influence of the counterions or initiators and chain lenghts of non‐ionic emulsifier on the properties of VAc‐BuA copolymer latexes were determined by measuring Brookfield viscosities, weight average molecular weights (M̄w), number average molecular weights (M̄w), molecular weight distribution and surface tension of latexes to air. The results of copolymer latexes indicated that their physicochemical properties increased with the increasing chain length of nonionic emulsifier for two initiators.
Stereoselective Cyclopolymerization of Diynes: Smart Materials for Electronics and Sensors
Authors: Krause Jens O. , Wang Dongren , Anders Udo , Weberskirch Ralf , Zarka M. Tobias , Nuyken Oskar , Jäger Claus , Haarer Dietrich , Buchmeiser Michael R. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA series of heptadiynes was cyclopolymerized by Schrock initiators to produce poly(ene)s exclusively based on one single repetitive unit, i.e. 1,2‐cyclopent‐2‐enylenvinylenes. Polymers containing virtually solely 1,2‐cyclopent‐2‐enylenvinylene units were obtained by various routes, e.g. by low‐temperature‐initiated cyclopolymerization of diethyldipropargyl malonate (DEDPM). A chiral poly(ene) was prepared from 4‐(ethoxycarbonyl)‐4‐(1S, 2R, 5S)‐(+)‐menthoxycarbonyl‐1,6‐heptadiyne (ECMHD) to determine the configuration of the double bonds and the tacticity of the poly(ene) backbone. Poly(ECMHD) consisted of >96% 5‐membered rings and possessed a tactic, alternating cis‐trans structure. Alternatively, poly(DEDPM) exclusively based on 1,2‐(cyclopent‐1‐enylene)vinylene units was prepared using MoCl5‐n‐Bu4Sn‐EtOH‐quinuclidine (1:1:5:1) and MoOCl4‐n‐Bu4Sn‐EtOH‐quinuclidine (1:1:2:1). The initiator efficiency of MoOCl4‐n‐Bu4Sn‐EtOH‐quinuclidine (1:1:2:1) was as high as 91%, the highest value ever reported for such systems. Multistage polymerizations of DEDPM indicated for both initiator systems that the catalytic species were active for at least 6 hours in the presence of monomer yet did not fulfill the criteria of a truly living polymerization. Finally, a new modification of the Grubbs‐Hoveyda catalyst, Ru(CF3COO)2(CH‐2‐(2,4,5‐(MeO)3‐C6H3)(SIMes) (SIMes=1,3‐dimesityl‐4,5‐dihydroimidazol‐2‐ylidene) allowed the first ruthenium alkylidene‐catalyzed living cyclopolymerization of DEDPM. The different initiators, their properties, the resulting polymerization systems as well as the physical properties of the resulting poly(ene)s are summarized.
Polymer Chain Dynamics Predicted by n‐Renormalized Rouse Models: Numerical Studies
Authors: Kroutieva Margarita , Fatkullin Nail , Kimmich Rainer 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFeatures of the renormalized and twice renormalized Rouse models were examined numerically. Based on numerical evaluations of the generalized Langevin equation in renormalization approaches, nonexponential normal mode autocorrelation functions were derived, that can be described over two orders of magnitude by stretched exponential functions. The mode number dependence of the stretching parameter was evaluated. The consequences of the nonexponential correlation functions on dynamical properties are discussed. As a basis for predictions for the behavior of diffusion and spin‐lattice relaxation dispersion, the time dependence of the mean‐squared segment displacement and of the autocorrelation function of the segment tangential vector, respectively, were obtained taking into account finite chain lengths.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the First Steps of the Formation of Polysiloxane Layers at a Zinc Oxide Surface
Authors: Kornherr Andreas , Hansal Selma , Hansal Wolfgang E.G. , Nauer Gerhard E. , Zifferer Gerhard 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThree different dissolved silane molecules adsorbed at a polar ZnO surface (000&1macr;) are studied by means of constant temperature molecular dynamics simulations. The adsorbed single silane molecules exhibit a different behavior depending on the chemical nature of their tail. For octyltrihydroxysilane molecules with their rather unpolar tail an orthogonal orientation at the polar metal oxide surface is statistically favored with all three polar hydroxide groups of the head being in contact with the polar ZnO surface and the unpolar tail remaining in the isopropanol phase. On the contrary, due to their highly polar tail, aminopropyltrihydroxysilane molecules show a more or less parallel orientation at the surface. Apart from some minor fluctuations two hydroxide groups as well as the amino group of the tail are in contact with the surface. The behavior of the thiolpropyltrihydroxysilane molecules is somehow located in between resulting in parallel as well as orthogonal orientations of the molecule at the surface. Though many of the results obtained for single adsorbed silane molecules can also be transferred to adsorbed silane molecules within whole layers a remarkable difference appears: Now even for aminopropyltrihydroxysilane molecules a mixture of parallel and orthogonal alignment of the molecules can be observed whereas some of the octyltrihydroxysilane molecules also show a parallel orientation.
Estimation of Slow Crack Growth Behavior in Polyethylene after Stepwise Isothermal Crystallization
Authors: Haager Markus , Pinter Gerald , Lang Reinhold W. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe use of analytical methods to estimate the SCG resistance of PE pipe materials has been suggested due to the fact that the slow crack growth (SCG) behavior of polyethylene (PE) is governed by structural parameters such as molecular weight and side chains. In the research project presented here, the molecular structure of several commercially available polyethylene‐high density (PE‐HD) materials was analyzed using a modified stepwise isothermal segregation (SIS) technique and compared with results from fracture mechanics experiments. A good correlation between the SIS results and SCG rates was found. It turned out that the modified SIS technique is a fast and simple method and could be used to assess SCG resistance in PE.
A concise quaternion geometry of rotations
Authors: Meister L. , Schaeben H. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThis communication compiles propositions concerning the spherical geometry of rotations when represented by unit quaternions. The propositions are thought to establish a two‐way correspondence between geometrical objects in the space of real unit quaternions representing rotations and geometrical objects constituted by directions in the three‐dimensional space subjected to these rotations. In this way a purely geometrical proof of the spherical Ásgeirsson's mean value theorem and a geometrical interpretation of integrals related to the spherical Radon transform of a probability density functions of unit quaternions are accomplished. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.