bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel locus for pure recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia maps to 10q22.1‐10q24.1
Authors: Meijer Inge A. , Cossette Patrick , Roussel Julie , Benard Melanie , Toupin Sylvie , Rouleau Guy A. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders characterized by progressive lower‐limb spasticity. In this study, we performed linkage analysis on an autosomal recessive pure HSP family and mapped the disease to chromosome 10q22.1‐10q24.1, a locus partially overlapping the existing SPG9 locus. We have either identified a novel locus for pure recessive HSP (SPG27), or we have found the first case of allelic disorders with different mode of inheritance in HSP. If the disorders are indeed allelic, our results have reduced the SPG9 interval by 3Mb with D10S536 and D10S1758 as flanking markers. Ann Neurol 2004;56:579–582
Konzeptionelles Entwerfen und Konstruieren von Integralen Betonbrücken
Authors: Schüller Matthias 
Published: September 2004

AbstractBei Betonbrücken werden heute oft Fugen und Lager angeordnet. Die damit verbundene Trennung von Über‐ und Unterbauten hat sowohl funktionale als auch gestalterische Nachteile. Im folgenden wird versucht, die Vorteile der in Vergessenheit geratenen monolithischen Bauweise anhand von neuen Beispielen aufzuzeigen. Dabei werden der konstruktiven Durchbildung und der Formgebung des Tragwerks unter dem Aspekt der Dauerhaftigkeit besondere Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt.
Betrachtungen zur Verkehrslastannahme bei Holzbalken/Beton‐Verbunddecken
Authors: Resch Eckart , Schmidt Jörg , Kaliske Michael , Schneider Werner 
Published: September 2004

AbstractGemäß DIN 1055‐T3 ist für Wohnungsdecken ohne ausreichende Quertragwirkung, z. B. Holzbalkendecken, eine Verkehrslast von 2,0 kN/m2 anzusetzen. Massivdecken, die eine ausreichende Quertragwirkung aufweisen, sind dagegen für eine Verkehrslast von 1,5 kN/m2 zu bemessen. Holzbalken/Beton‐Verbunddecken wirken weder wie reine Massivdecken noch wie Holzbalkendecken. Deshalb wird in diesem Beitrag die Querlastverteilung dieser Verbundkonstruktionen mit verschiedenen Stützweiten, Balkenabständen und Verbundsteifigkeiten untersucht, um Aussagen zur Verkehrslastannahme zu gewinnen. Es wird ein Vorschlag zur Bestimmung der maßgebenden Verkehrslastannahme praxisgerecht aufgezeigt.
Neue Wege der Feuchtemessung und Beurteilung von Estrichen und Betonen
Authors: Rieche Günter 
Published: September 2004

AbstractDer vorliegende Beitrag schlägt vor, in Fußbodenkonstruktionen an Stelle des massebezogenen Wassergehaltes u(x,t) die relative Luftfeuchte ϕi(x,t) in den Poren des porösen Baustoffes (Estrich/Beton) zu messen. Im stationären Fall oder im quasi‐stationären Fall sind beide Größen durch die Sorptionsisotherme des Baustoffes miteinander verbunden. Es steht ein Meßverfahren für die Bestimmung der relativen Luftfeuchte ϕi(x,t) zur Verfügung. Die Bewertung der Fußbodenkonstruktionen soll dann zukünftig anhand von Grenzwerten ϕzul für die relative Luftfeuchte in den Baustoffporen erfolgen. Für verschiedene Anwendungen in der Praxis werden hier Grenzwerte ϕzul vorgeschlagen.
Einfluß der Vorlagerung auf das Temperaturverhalten von selbstverdichtendem Beton
Authors: Horvath Johannes , Hertel Claudia , Dehn Frank , Schneider Ulrich 
Published: September 2004

AbstractUntersuchungen zum Brand‐ und Abplatzverhalten von selbstverdichtenden Betonen zeigten, inwiefern sich unterschiedliche Polypropylenfasergehalte sowie die Vorlagerungsbedingungen (an Luft oder feucht) hinsichtlich des Temperaturverhaltens von selbstverdichtendem Beton auswirken. Nachfolgend wird über eine Auswahl von Versuchen berichtet.
An active insect kinin analog with 4‐aminopyroglutamate, a novel cis‐peptide bond, type VI β‐turn motif
Authors: Nachman Ronald J. , Kaczmarek Krzysztof , Williams Howard J. , Coast Geoffrey M. , Zabrocki Janusz 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe insect kinins are potent diuretic peptides that preferentially form a cis‐Pro, type VI β‐turn. An insect kinin analog containing (2S,4S)‐4‐aminopyroglutamate, a novel cis‐peptide bond, type VI β‐turn motif, demonstrates significant activity in the physiological range in a cricket diuretic assay. This is the first instance of a 4‐aminopyroglutamate analog of a peptide with a preference for a type VI turn that demonstrates significant bioactivity. The results provide further confirmatory evidence for the active conformation of the insect kinins, and a new scaffold with which to design biostable, peptidomimetic analogs capable of disrupting critical insect kinin‐regulated processes in insects. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers, 2004
Resection of the rectum and total excision of the internal anal sphincter with smooth muscle plasty and colonic pouch for treatment of ultralow rectal carcinoma
Authors: Vorobiev G I , Odaryuk T S , Tsarkov P V , Talalakin A I , Rybakov E G 
Published: September 2004

Abstract

Background
Intersphincteric resection can provide tumour-free margins for rectal tumours located 0–1 cm above the dentate line. However, the internal anal sphincter (IAS) is partially or totally resected and some degree of anal incontinence may develop. A novel technique of smooth muscle plasty of the IAS and colonic pouch construction is described, along with an assessment of morbidity, oncological results and functional outcome.

Patients and methods
Between 1997 and 2002, 27 patients (16 men; median age 55 (range 26–75) years) were operated on for T2–3 N0–1 M0 rectal carcinoma located a median of 1·0 (range 0·5–1·5) cm from the dentate line. Resection of the IAS was performed transanally. A smooth muscle cuff, fashioned from the muscular layer of colon, and a colonic pouch were used for anorectal reconstruction.

Results
There were no perioperative deaths. Anastomotic leakage developed in two patients. After a median follow-up of 38 (range 14–66) months no local recurrence was detected. Distant metastases occurred in three patients, two of whom died. Perfect functional outcome was achieved in 22 of 26 patients. At 6 months after surgery the mean(s.d.) resting anal pressure was 49(8) mmHg.

Conclusion
In selected patients intersphincteric resection does not compromise the oncological result. The suggested anorectal reconstruction may improve the functional outcome.
Abdominoperineal resection is associated with poor oncological outcome
Authors: Law W L , Chu K W 
Published: September 2004

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to compare the operative results and oncological outcomes of patients who had mid or distal rectal cancer treated by abdominoperineal resection (APR) with those treated without sphincter ablation (non-APR).

Methods
Five hundred and four consecutive patients (308 men and 196 women) with rectal cancer within 12 cm from the anal verge underwent radical resection with curative intent. Sharp mesorectal dissection was used. Operative results and long-term outcomes were compared between those treated by APR and those by non-APR.

Results
Sixty-nine patients had APR and 435 patients were treated with radical resection without perineal resection (anterior resection, 419; Hartmann's operation, 16). The overall operative mortality and morbidity rates were 1·6 and 31·0 per cent respectively. Age, sex, duration of surgery, blood loss, duration of hospital stay, operative mortality and overall morbidity were similar in the two groups. Local recurrence was more frequent after curative APR than after non-APR (23 versus 10·2 per cent at 5 years; P = 0·010). Five-year cancer-specific survival rates after APR and non-APR were 60 and 74·0 per cent respectively (P = 0·006). APR was an independent factor for poor cancer-specific survival in multivariate analysis.

Conclusion
Although postoperative mortality and morbidity rates were similar in patients with or without sphincter ablation, local control and survival were worse in those treated by APR.
Medical examinations for child sexual abuse in Scotland: good enough practice?
Authors: Mok Jacqueline Y. Q. , Busuttil Anthony 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThis questionnaire survey of a representative sample of practitioners in Scotland sought to establish speciﬁcally how widely guidance on child protection issued by the Scottish Executive Health Department was being followed by practitioners, NHS Trusts and health boards. It aimed to identify the medical practitioners involved and the range of current practice in child sexual abuse examinations throughout Scotland. The results suggest that the medical assessment of children who disclose sexual abuse is a low‐volume, highly specialized activity, practised by about one in ﬁve paediatricians and forensic medical examiners in Scotland. Most (79%) are aged between 41 and 60 years; 59.8% have less than 10 years' experience in the ﬁeld; and the majority (86.3%) perform fewer than two examinations per week. Available guidance is comprehensive and uniform, highlighting the importance of joint specialist working, use of the colposcope for photodocumentation, training and continuing professional development in this specialized area of work. Despite this, the results of our survey of practitioners show that throughout Scotland, the care offered to children and the service provided to the courts are suboptimal. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Resilience and risk factors associated with experiencing childhood sexual abuse
Authors: Wilcox Daniel T. , Richards Fiona , O'Keeffe Zerine C. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe effects of child sexual abuse are wide‐ranging and impact on children, families and health/social care systems. The authors review this literature, examining the shortcomings of the ‘victim–offender’ model, and consider the complex, multifactorial nature of this question. Factors associated with a progression from victim to perpetrator are explored and the prevalence of abuse in the general population is also discussed. Protective as well as risk factors are considered and the pivotal role of ‘personal reliance’ is considered as it relates to empowering damaged young people to become healthy adults. The authors also discuss implications for the treatment of young people who become abusers. Two case examples are brieﬂy reported upon and the article concludes with a consideration of ways to helpfully address the needs of children who become sexual perpetrators. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The interface between the child welfare and criminal justice systems in England
Authors: Gray Jenny 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe development of government guidance can seem a mysterious process to those outside government. This paper, which draws on the author's experience, is intended to give some insight into how guidance in two areas—child witnesses and children involved in prostitution—was developed within the existing legal framework. Since that time, the Sexual Offences Act 2003 has come into force in England and Wales and the Children Bill is currently before Parliament. The paper begins by setting out the key legislation, regulations and guidance that underpinned the child welfare and criminal justice systems as they related to child protection at the time the guidance was being developed. It then describes how the different guidance documents relate to each other and the implications for practice. The development of speciﬁc guidance is drawn upon to illustrate some of the tensions that had to be resolved during the drafting and the processes by which they were ﬁnalized for approval by the Government. A key area requiring careful consideration was the differences between the family and criminal justice systems. In the former, the welfare of the child is paramount when making decisions and in the latter, the court has a duty to ensure the defendant has a fair trial. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Concept of “Buffering” in Systems and Control Theory: From Metaphor to Math
Authors: Schmitt Bernhard M. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe paradigm of “buffering” is used increasingly for the description of diverse “systemic” phenomena encountered in evolutionary genetics, ecology, integrative physiology, and other areas. However, in this new context, the paradigm has not yet matured into a truly quantitative concept inasmuch as it lacks a corresponding quantitative measure of “systems‐level buffering strength”. Here, I develop such measures on the basis of a formal and general approach to the quantitation of buffering action. “Systems‐level buffering” is shown to be synonymous with “disturbance rejection” in feedback‐control systems, and can be quantitated by means of dimensionless proportions between partial flows in two‐partitioned systems. The units allow either the time‐independent, “static” buffering properties or the time‐dependent, “dynamic” ones to be measured. Analogous to this “resistance to change”, one can define and measure the “conductance to change”; this quantity corresponds to “set‐point tracking” in feedback‐control systems. Together, these units provide a systematic framework for the quantitation of buffering action in systems biology, and reveal the common principle behind systems‐level buffering, classical acid–base buffering, and multiple other manifestations of buffering.
Synthesis of GTP‐Derived Ras Ligands
Authors: Soulère Laurent , Aldrich Courtney , Daumke Oliver , Gail Robert , Kissau Lars , Wittinghofer Alfred , Waldmann Herbert 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA practical and convenient method for the synthesis of acid‐ and base‐sensitive GTP analogues carrying a further substituent at the terminal phosphate has been developed. Key to the successful synthesis of these potential ligands of the Ras protein is the use of Pd0‐sensitive allyl protecting groups in a one‐pot synthesis that avoids evaporation steps. Initial biochemical analysis of a representative compound revealed that such GTP analogues can bind to Ras and might open up the possibility of developing small molecules that can act as deactivators of oncogenic Ras.
The Systems Biology of Glycosylation
Authors: Murrell Michael P. , Yarema Kevin J. , Levchenko Andre 
Published: September 2004

AbstractGlycosylation can have a profound influence on the function of a variety of eukaryotic cells. In particular, it can affect signal transduction and cell–cell communication properties and thus shape critical cell decisions, including the regulation of differentiation and apoptosis. Regulation of glycosylation has multiple layers of complexity, both structural and functional, which make its experimental and theoretical analysis difficult to perform and interpret. Novel research methodologies provided by systems biology can help to address many outstanding issues and integrate glycosylation with other metabolic and cell regulation processes. Here we review the toolbox available for biochemical systems analysis of glycosylation.
Spatial and Temporal Sequence of Events in Cell Adhesion: From Molecular Recognition to Focal Adhesion Assembly
Authors: Cohen Miriam , Joester Derk , Geiger Benjamin , Addadi Lia 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA new concept that attributes a pivotal role to the pericellular coat in the regulation of the early stages of cell adhesion is presented. Quick, adaptable, and transient adhesion through multiple cooperative weak interactions provides the cell with an additional level of modulation in the decision‐making process that precedes the commitment to adhesion at a particular site. Hyaluronan emerges as a modulator of cell adhesion in certain cells, mediating binding or repulsion through its polyelectrolyte character, in addition to its chirality and molecular‐recognition properties. The biophysical properties of hyaluronan as well as its ultrastructural organization are analyzed in relation to this proposed function.
Amygdalostriatal projections in reptiles: A tract‐tracing study in the lizardPodarcis hispanica
Authors: Novejarque Amparo , Lanuza Enrique , Martínez‐García Fernando 
Published: September 2004

AbstractWhereas the lacertilian anterior dorsal ventricular ridge contains unimodal sensory areas, its posterior part (PDVR) is an associative center that projects to the hypothalamus, thus being comparable to the amygdaloid formation. To further understand the organization of the reptilian cerebral hemispheres, we have used anterograde and retrograde tracing techniques to study the projections from the PDVR and adjoining areas (dorsolateral amygdala, DLA; deep lateral cortex, dLC; nucleus sphericus, NS) to the striatum in the lizardPodarcis hispanica. This information is complemented with a detailed description of the organization of the basal telencephalon ofPodarcis. The caudal aspect of the dorsal ventricular ridge projects nontopographically mainly (but not exclusively) to the ventral striatum. The NS projects bilaterally (with strong ipsilateral dominance) to the nucleus accumbens, thus recalling the posteromedial cortical amygdala of mammals. The PDVR (especially its lateral aspect) and the dLC project massively to a continuum of structures connecting the striatoamygdaloid transition area (SAT) and the nucleus accumbens (rostrally), the projection arising from the dLC being probably bilateral. Finally, the DLA projects massively and bilaterally to both the ventral and dorsal striatum, including the SAT. Our findings lend further support to the view that the PDVR and neighboring structures constitute the reptilian basolateral amygdala and indicate that an emotional brain was already present in the ancestral amniote. These results are important to understand the comparative significance of the caudal aspect of the amniote cerebral hemispheres, and specifically challenge current views on the nature of the avian caudal neostriatum. J. Comp. Neurol. 479:287–308, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunohistochemical distribution of tachykinins in the CNS of the lamprey Petromyzon marinus
Authors: Auclair François , Lund James P. , Dubuc Réjean 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe presence of tachykinins in the CNS of vertebrates has been known for many decades, and numerous studies have described their distribution in mammals. Tachykinins were also reported in the CNS of lampreys using immunohistochemistry, chromatography, and radioimmunoassay methods, but the use of substance P (SP)‐specific antibodies to reveal those tachykinins could have led to an underestimation of their number in this genus. Therefore, we carried out a new immunohistochemical study on Petromyzon marinus using a commercial polyclonal antibody that binds not only to mammalian SP, but also to other neurokinins. This antibody labeled all previously described lamprey tachykinin‐containing neuronal populations, but more important, labeled new populations in several parts of the brain. These include the dorsal gray of the rostral spinal cord, the dorsal column nuclei, the octavolateral area, the nucleus of the solitary tract, the medial rhombencephalic reticular formation, the lateral tegmentum of the rostral rhombencephalon, the torus semicircularis, the optic tectum, the habenula, the mammillary area, the dorsal thalamic area, the lateral hypothalamus, and the septum area. Preabsorption experiments confirmed the binding of the antibody to neurokinins and allowed us to propose that the CNS of P. marinus contains at least two different tachykinins. J. Comp. Neurol. 479:328–346, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Palladium‐catalyzed Suzuki reaction using 1,3‐dialkylbenzimidazol‐2‐ylidene ligands in aqueous media
Authors: Özdemir İsmail , Gök Yetkin , Gürbüz Nevin , Çetinkaya Engin , Çetinkaya Bekir 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFrom readily available starting compounds, six functionalized 1,3‐dialkylbenzimidazolium salts (2a–c and 4a–c) have been prepared and characterized by conventional spectroscopic methods and elemental analyses. A highly effective, easy to handle, and environmentally benign process for palladium‐mediated Suzuki cross‐coupling was developed. The in situ prepared three‐component systems Pd(OAc)2/1,3‐dialkylbenzimidazolium chlorides and Cs2CO3 catalyze quantitatively the Suzuki cross‐coupling of deactivated aryl chlorides. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 15:419–423, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20034
Synthesis, structure, and reactivity of a symmetrically substituted 9‐phosphatriptycene oxide and its derivatives
Authors: Agou Tomohiro , Kobayashi Junji , Kawashim Takayuki 
Published: September 2004

AbstractNovel 9‐phosphatriptycenes were synthesized by utilizing ortho‐lithiation of a triarylphosphine oxide as a key step. The structural analysis of the 9‐phosphatriptycene oxide revealed its highly distorted structure around the phosphorus atom, which is consistent with the up‐field shift in the 31P NMR spectrum. The 9‐phosphatriptycene and its chalcogenides were synthesized by ordinary methods, and the spectral comparisons of these chalcogenides indicated the large s‐character of the lone‐pair orbital or the phosphorus–chalcogen σ bonds of those species. The 9‐phosphatriptycene oxide was reacted with lithium naphthalenide to give the ring‐opened products. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 15:437–446, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20038
2‐Aryl‐dibenzo‐1,2‐oxaphosphorine as a ligand in borane and in Pt(II) complexes
Authors: Keglevich György , Szelke Helga , Kerényi Andrea , Imre Tímea , Ludányi Krisztina , Dukai József , Nagy Ferenc , Arányi Péter 
Published: September 2004

AbstractOptimum conditions for the synthesis of aryl‐dibenzo‐oxaphosphorines (2) from the corresponding phosphonous chloride (1) were explored to avoid the formation of by‐products (e.g., 4–6). The aryl‐dibenzo‐oxaphosphorines (2) were converted to the P‐oxides (3), and were utilized in the synthesis of phosphinite‐boranes 7 and Pt(II) complexes 8. Depending on the aryl substituent, the Pt(II) complex (8) was formed with cis and trans geometry. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 15:459–463, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20042
The identification of some novel four‐membered ring cyclic triphosphenium ions in solution
Authors: Dillon Keith B. , Monks Philippa K. , Olivey Richard J. , Karsch Hans H. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe first four‐membered ring cyclic triphosphenium ions with carbon substituents (methyl or cyclohexyl) on the outer phosphorus atoms have been identified in solution by 31P NMR spectroscopy. The cyclohexyl derivative in the presence of [SnCl6]2− as counterion was stable enough for methylation by methyl triflate to be carried out. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 15:464–467, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20043
A simple, convenient and expeditious approach to cineol
Authors: Bugarčić Zorica M. , Dunkić Jelena D. , Mojsilović Biljana M. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA convenient two‐step protocol preparation of cineol (1‐isopropyl‐4‐methyl‐7‐oxabicyclo[2,2,1]heptane) from α‐terpineol (p‐menth‐1‐en‐8‐ol) is reported. The phenylselenoetherification of α‐terpineol with PhSeX (X = Cl, Br, I) as a key step is described. α‐Terpineol reacts with PhSeX to form the corresponding phenylselenoether in short reaction time and in quantitative yield. A subsequent reduction with Bu3SnH to cineol proceeds in high yield (98%) © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 15:468–470, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20044