bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementing Innovative Weed Detection Techniques for Environmental Sustainability
Authors: K. A. Sreeja  , Arun Pradeep  , M. Arshey  , Gayathry S. Warrier  , K. T. Ragesh  
Published: January 2025

Agriculture, supporting over half of India's population, grapples with the challenge of weed control. Current methods applied in plantation crops lack efficiency and pose environmental and health risks. This paper advocates a paradigm shift, emphasizing the critical need for effective weed detection using cluttered unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images. The research methodology integrates image processing, Mask R-Convolutional Neural Networks (R-CNN), and Internet of Things (IoT). A dataset of 200 UAV images was subjected to a thorough preprocessing. In the initial phase, weeds and crops were identified with precision employing an UAV-tailored Mask R-CNN with instance segmentation. This was found to surpass traditional methods in terms of communication between the model and the agricultural environment. For timely decision-making, real-time data were collected using IoT. Average Precision (AP) values reveal high accuracy, notably 89.1% for weeds, 88.9% for crops, and an overall precision of 89.4%. The Mask R-CNN network segments and classifies images, marking weed zones communicated to farmers via Raspberry Pi with a GSM module, enabling real-time alerts and informed decision-making for efficient weed control. This holistic approach, providing object classifications, detailed bounding boxes, and masks, addresses weed control challenges, highlighting the transformative potential of advanced technologies in agriculture.
Production and Characterization of Silane-treated Sisal and Flax Fibers with Mechanical Properties Enhanced through TiO2 Reinforcement
Authors: S. Mohammad Malik Mubeen  , M. Shanmuga Priya  , M. Vijayaraj  
Published: January 2025

This study examines the mechanical characteristics of a novel hybrid composite of sisal/flax/glass fiber and various percentages of titanium dioxide particles. Sisal fiber is renowned for its exceptional tensile rigidity and durability, while flax fiber is highly prized for its abundant availability and biodegradability. The purpose of including titanium dioxide particles is to enhance the mechanical characteristics of the composite. Silane treatment is done for both sisal and flax fibers. Mechanical tests, such as tensile and bending, microhardness, and fracture toughness, were conducted to evaluate the composite's behavior. The results were encouraging, indicating an average tensile strength of 77.16 MPa, flexural strength of 94.3 MPa, microhardness of 62, and fracture toughness of 1.82 MPa m0.5. These findings suggested that the material can be used in technical applications that demand exceptional strength, rigidity, and resistance to impact. Incorporating glass fibers and titanium dioxide particles results in a harmonious amalgamation of functionality and ecological soundness.
Indirectly LED-pumped Nd:glass: potential for high energy laser facilities
Authors: Nourry-Martin Maxime , Fermon Nicolas , Le Blanc Catherine , Meignien Loïc , Audebert Patrick , Druon Frédéric , Georges Patrick , Balembois François 
Published: January 2025

Flashlamp-pumped Nd:glass is used as a power amplifier in many high energy laser facilities. Despite the problems of this old technology, flashlamps are still being considered for the next generation of lasers as diode laser pumping is far from being ready. This work presents an alternative for pumping high energy lasers: LEDs combined with luminescence concentrators. Using a pump head consisting of a green-yellow Ce:LuAG luminescent concentrator pumped by 2240 LEDs, we demonstrate a Nd:glass laser oscillator producing 25 mJ at 1053 nm for an absorbed pump energy of 138 mJ. The small signal gain reaches 1.25 in a single pass despite the short length of the Nd:glass rod (20 mm). These results reveal the potential of indirect LED pumping for Nd:glass amplifiers in high energy lasers.
Using the Hospital Frailty Risk Score to predict length of stay across all adult ages
Authors: Kutrani Huda , Briggs Jim , Prytherch David , Spice Claire 
Published: January 2025

Background
Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS) has recently been used to predict adverse health outcomes including length of stay (LOS) in hospital. LOS is an important indicator for patient quality of care, the measurement of hospital performance, efficiency and costs. Tools to predict LOS may enable earlier interventions in those identified at higher risk of a long stay. Previous work focused on patients over 75 years of age, but we explore the relationship between HFRS and LOS for all adults.

Methods
This is a retrospective cohort study using data from a large acute hospital during the period from 01/01/2010 to 30/06/2018. The study included patients aged 16 years and older. We calculated HFRS for patients who had been previously admitted to the hospital within the previous 2 years. The study developed Logistic Regression models (crude and adjusted) for nine prediction periods of LOS to assess association between (LOS and HFRS) and (LOS and Charlson Comorbidity Index-CCI), using odds ratios, and AUROC to assess model performance.

Results
An increase in HFRS is associated with prolonged LOS. HFRS alone or combined with CCI were more important predictor of long LOS in most of periods to predict LOS. However, crude HFRS was superior to the models where HFRS was combined with any other variable for LOS in excess of 21 days, which had AUROCs ranging from 0·867 to 0·890. Regarding eight age groups, crude HFRS remained the first or second most effective predictor of long LOS. HFRS alone or combined with CCI was superior to other models for patients older than 44 years for all periods of LOS; whereas for patients younger than 44 years it was superior for all LOS except 45, 60, and 90 days.

Conclusion
This study has demonstrated the utility of HFRS to predict hospital LOS in patients across all ages.
Sustainability ROX: Return on experience, return on extinction
Authors: White Christine 
Published: January 2025

In an age of extremes, hot and cold, war and peace, wealth and austerity, to have electricity and to not … what do we focus on? The innovations that have changed our perceptions are almost imperceptible to the naked eye. The arts are the last to be funded and the first to be cut, and yet, we can prove their value and worth very substantially through the prevailing economics. All around the world we are encouraging entrepreneurs to be entrepreneurial, to have CEOs who are brilliant at being CEOs, we acclaim leaders who will lead … but where? Where are the leaders for the future, for the sustainable, for the new materials that do not punish people or the planet? Where are the leaders who have the courage to make a jump, take a leap of faith and do things differently with the only mission in mind to create fairness, a just world, a people- and animal-saving planet with an eye on – well, just about everything that is harmful.
How do you reduce plastic in events and performance production? Why is this commodity, which comes from fossil fuels, not precious? How has this become throw away and why have so-called ‘natural products’ – no less natural than fossil fuels – become dispensable – burning pyres of sheep’s wool, landfills of animal skins? Is it we are just not troubled enough … this article discusses how to be concerned? The Sustainability ROX event was a crossover of sustainability conference and business networking specifically for design. ROX return on extinction; ROX return on experience. It had a broad impact to address carbon literacy issues, greenhouse gas emissions and the developing needs of the design industries to review the processes of design, use of materials and design sustainability central to all activities. The event deliberately addressed circular economies for the fashion, textiles, design products and materials used in human society and the industries and their consumption of materials and energy. The occasion enabled the review of processes of design and discussed sustainable supply chains, conceptions and misconceptions of materials, scientific developments for product developments and energy systems. The impact has been to create networks of businesses, makers and producers, academics and researchers for the development of future projects.
Significance and methodology of monitoring calcemia in disorders of mineral metabolism: challenges and prospects
Authors: Chubakova K. A. , Kamenskih E. M. , Saprina T. V. 
Published: January 2025

Disorders of calcium and phosphorus metabolism can cause severe complications that require changing of therapeutic strategies and a long treatment in a hospital. The prevalence of diseases accompanied by calcium metabolism disorders varies from low to moderate. For example, primary hyperparathyroidism, as one of the most common causes of pathological changes in calcium metabolism due to parathyroid hormone hypersecretion, occurs with a frequency of 85 to 233 cases per 100 thousand people. In countries where blood calcium measurements are not routinely carried out, this disease and similar conditions are diagnosed less frequently, and at later stages, with a predominance of manifest and complicated forms. However, calcium metabolism disorders require timely detection and correction in order to prevent complications. At the same time, in a number of clinical situations, standard laboratory analysis is not the optimal diagnostic option due to the duration and complexity of its implementation. In particular, the development of acute hyper- and hypocalcemia requires faster obtaining of blood test results. It is promising to apply technologies allowing to quick assess the current level of calcium directly at a doctor’s appointment especially in cases of drug doses adjustment for patients with chronic disorders of calcium metabolism. In this regard, when long-term monitoring of calcemia is required or in emergency situations, the potential benefit can be obtained by using portable Point-of-Care (POC) devices or wearable biosensors. This review examines the clinical and methodological aspects of monitoring calcium levels, their capabilities and practical limitations, and also highlights the prospects for the development and implementation of POC devices and biosensors for ionized calcium.
Cogeneration system’s energy performance improvement by using P-graph and advanced process control
Authors: Rohman Fakhrony Sholahudin , Alwi Sharifah Rafidah Wan , Er Hong An , Ahmad Termizi Siti Nor Azreen , Abd Manan Zainuddin , Lim Jeng Shiun , Muhammad Dinie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Cogeneration systems are widely used in industrial settings to meet process steam and power demands efficiently. Optimizing the load allocation among boilers and turbines is critical for improving overall system efficiency and reducing fuel consumption. However, traditional optimization approaches often rely on complex mathematical models, which can be challenging for in-house engineers without advanced optimization expertise. This study addresses this gap by utilizing a graph-theoretic tool, Process Graph (P-Graph), to optimize load allocation while considering the nonlinear part-load efficiency of boilers. Additionally, drum boilers exhibit nonlinear behaviors, such as the shrink-and-swell effect, which require advanced control strategies. To address this, various control strategies, including Proportional-Integral (PI) and Model Predictive Control (MPC), are evaluated under different high-pressure steam (HPS), medium-pressure steam (MPS), and energy demand scenarios. The study comprises two stages: optimization of load allocation among five boilers and three turbines, followed by the application of control strategies to the optimal configuration. Results show that dynamic load distribution involving Boiler 2, Boiler 3, Boiler 5, ST1, and CT achieves the best energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness. The comparison between the base and optimized scenarios underscores the changes in operating strategies achieved through optimization, resulting in a 2.38 % reduction in operating costs, equivalent to RM1727.3 per hour. Moreover, MPC outperforms PI control in closed-loop performance, demonstrating superior energy savings and error minimization.
On the relation between one-sided duoness and commutators
Authors: Kim Nam Kyun , Lee Yang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article studies the structure of rings

R

R

over which the

2
×
2

2\times 2

upper triangular matrix rings with the same diagonal are right duo, denoted by

D

2

(

R

)

{D}_{2}\left(R)

. We prove that for any right regular element

d

d

of such a ring

R

R

,

d
R

dR

contains the ideal of

R

R

generated by all commutators. It is also proved that for a domain

R

R

,

D

2

(

R

)

{D}_{2}\left(R)

is right duo if and only if

R

R

is either commutative or a division ring. Moreover, it is proved that if

R

R

is a ring of characteristic 2 such that

D

2

(

R

)

{D}_{2}\left(R)

is right duo, then

R

R

has an ascending chain of nil ideals

N

R

i

⊆

N

R

i
+
1

{N}_{{R}_{i}}\subseteq {N}_{{R}_{i+1}}

(

i
=
0
,
1
,

…

i=0,1,\ldots

) such that

N

R

i
+
1

⁄

N

R

i

{N}_{{R}_{i+1}}/{N}_{{R}_{i}}

is contained in the center of

R
⁄

N

R

i

R/{N}_{{R}_{i}}

. Furthermore, we give a simpler proof to the famous result that if

R

R

is a simple noncommutative ring then

R

R

coincides with its subring generated by all commutators (by Herstein). Finally, we show that if

D

2

(

R

)

{D}_{2}\left(R)

is right duo over a ring

R

R

, then

S
a
⊆
a
S

Sa\subseteq aS

for any

a
∈
R

a\in R

, where

S

S

is any of the following: (i) the prime radical, (ii) the Jacobson radical, (iii) the group of all units in

R

R

, and (iv) the set of one-sided zero-divisors.
Hybridization to prepare environmentally friendly, cost-effective superhydrophobic oleophobic coatings
Authors: Ma Yan , Sun Yanfeng , Hua Chenghao , Yuan Mengjie , Gao Shanshan , Zhang Tianshuo , Chen Fushan , Song Xiaoming 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Most petroleum-based polymers are non-biodegradable, leading to serious environmental concerns. Paper has become an important substitute for plastic. The hygroscopicity of paper in a humid environment causes its physical and mechanical strength to decrease. The development of superhydrophobic paper offers an effective solution that significantly improves water resistance and wettability, while also imbuing self-cleaning and stain resistance. In this study, the superhydrophobic oil coating was prepared with tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and octadecyl trichlorosilane (OTS) as organic components and nano titanium dioxide particles as inorganic components by hydrolysis condensation under alkaline conditions. The microstructure and chemical composition of the coating were analyzed by SEM and other techniques. In addition, we also studied the influence of TiO2 quantity and other factors on the wettability of the paper interface, and determined the optimal preparation process to achieve the super hydrophobic oil repellent coating. The results show that when the addition amount of nano-titanium dioxide is 0.16 %, the reaction time is 6 h, the volume ratio of organosilane TEOS to OTS is 1:2 and the addition amount of TEOS is 6 mL (that is, when the total addition amount of organosilane is 23 %), the water contact angle on the surface of the layer is 159°±1.5°, the rolling angle is 3.5°±0.5°, the glycerol contact angle is 155°, and the ethylene glycol contact angle is 142°, indicating that this coating has excellent superhydrophobic and highly oleophobic properties. In addition, the coating has low adhesion to water, good self-cleaning ability and corrosion resistance.
Synthesis and crystallographic characterization of Cu[SeCN]
Authors: Shlyaykher Alena , Tambornino Frank 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Copper(I)seleonocyante, Cu[SeCN], is known as a hole-transport layer (THL) material and finds application in transistors and organic light-emitting diodes. Previous works also include a prediction of the crystal structure of Cu[SeCN] by density functional theory analysis. Presumably, as-synthesized Cu[SeCN] forms its α-modification and, if deposited as a layer, it forms its β-modification. However, these statements are based only on the qualitative comparison of the collected and predicted diffraction patterns. Here, we present the complete structural refinement of the crystal structure of α-Cu[SeCN] from powder X-ray diffraction data. α-Cu[SeCN] crystallizes in the α-Cu[SCN] type in the orthorhombic space group Pbca (№ 61) with lattice parameters a = 7.6625(1), b = 6.9628(1), c = 11.2821(2) Å, V = 601.93(1) Å3, and 8 formula units in the unit cell. Moreover, we report on the vibrational (IR/Raman) spectroscopy corroborated by structure optimization and simulation of the spectra by DFT methods, as well as thermal analysis on the basis of differential scanning calorimetry and variable-temperature powder X-ray diffraction.
(NH4)4[SO4][CB11H12]2: a new double salt with carbaborate anions crystallizing in a monoclinic variant of the anti-K2NiF4-type structure
Authors: Friedly Alexandra , Schleid Thomas 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The new double salt with the empirical formula (NH4)4[SO4][CB11H12]2 can be obtained by the reaction between an aqueous solution of the free acid of the closo-carbaborate (H3O)[CB11H12] and aqueous ammonia (NH3), when the incorporated sulfate anions are introduced by a cation exchanger due to its regeneration with sulfuric acid (H2SO4). (NH4)4[SO4][CB11H12]2 is yielded as colorless, prismatically shaped crystals with a considerable size up to 1 mm. This ammonium sulfate carbaborate crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with the lattice parameters a = 2715.32(9), b = 713.91(2), c = 1391.24(5) pm and β = 109.203(2)° with four formula units per unit cell. Due to the formation of bridging hydrogen bonds, the [SO4]2− anions and the (NH4)+ cations form

∞

2

$2{\infty }$

{([(N1)H4]2/2[(N2)H4]2/2[(N3)H4]2/1[SO4]2+} layers parallel to the bc plane. Between these positively charged layers, the [CB11H12]− anions are placed in fashion of the anti-K2NiF4-type structure, where K+ is replaced with [CB11H12]− and [SO4]2−-centered [(NH4)+]6 octahedra, which share four coplanar corners, arrange to the above-mentioned layers. In the Raman spectra of (NH4)4[SO4][CB11H12]2, the dominating bands correspond to the well-known vibration modes of the closo-carbaborate cage. The bands resulting from the (NH4)+ and [SO4]2− ions are visible, but significantly less intense as compared to the vibrations of [CB11H12]−, which can be explained by the formation of hydrogen bonds.
Žudiko tapatybės paradoksai
Authors: Sireikis Augustas 
Published: January 2025

The article examines a short story “My Friend Sigitas” [Mano draugas Sigitas] by Alvydas Šlepikas through the lens of Jacques Lacan’s structural psychoanalysis. The main focus is placed on identification, which, unlike in the classical tradition of psychoanalytic literary criticism, is examined not as a mental act of the author or reader, but as an action of verbal communication, embedded in the literary text itself. Thus, a seemingly simple and funny story about the death of a friend is revealed to be rendered around a paradox: through various discursive operations, the homodiegetic narrator simultaneously tries to accept and reject the accusation of murder. In this way, contrary to a common assumption, a traumatic structure of discourse is associated not with a victim or witness, but the accused, i.e., the position of a potential murderer. The latter is analysed neither from the legal perspective, which due to the narrator’s justification to the addressee would be natural in empirical reality, nor by speculating about the inner experiences of the subject, as if he were a real person. By comparing this research strategy with possible alternatives, we demonstrate the differences between psychological and psychoanalytical interpretation of literature.
CAPITAL STRUCTURE OF THE ARGENTINA AND CHILE STOCK EXCHANGES FROM 2007 TO 2016
Authors: RABELO HENRIQUE MARCELO , BRAZ SILVA SANDRO , SAPORITO ANTONIO 
Published: January 2025

Objective: The present research consists of analyzing the behavior of the determinants of the capital structure of Argentine and Chilean companies between 2007 and 2016.Method: To achieve the purpose of this study, the following methodological characteristics were used: a) quantitative approach; b) research typologies were used: bibliographic, documentary, exploratory and explanatory; c) ten-year period (2007 to 2016) of Argentine and Chilean companies considering the financial reports extracted from the Economática database software; d) four statistical tools: 1) analysis; 2) Pearson correlation; 3) variance inflation factor (VIF); 4) panel data regression and tool-related tests.
Main results: The results show that Chilean companies have higher long-term and costly long-term indebtedness; Argentine companies with total, short-term and onerous short-term debt. Argentine companies have high averages in tangibility, return on assets, income tax, tax savings and profit volatility; Chilean companies have high averages in current liquidity, return to shareholders, growth in sales and assets, and market-to-book. Relevance/originality: The study focuses on two South American countries, Argentina and Chile, where there is a gap in the literature regarding studies related to these two markets when it comes to capital structure determinants. Theoretical/methodological contributions: The findings also lead us that Argentine and Chilean companies are more prone to the pecking order theory. Other indebtedness variables and their determinants are suggested in future research, in addition to the speed of indebtedness adjustment.
Composition of Some Uranium-Bearing Phosphate Nodules from Kansas Shales
Authors: Runnels Russell T. , Schleicher John A. , Van Nortwick H.S. 
Published: January 2025

Detailed analyses of uranium-bearing phosphate nodules from 11 localities in eastern Kansas are reported. Seven Pennsylvanian shales were sampled. Graphs showing relationships between phosphate content and several constituents, including uranium, are presented. Combined evidence suggests that the nodules consist of collophane and dahllite with varying mixtures of impurities, primarily quartz and clay. The average composition of the 11 samples was 30.2 percent P2O5 0.017 percent U3O8 and 3.2 percent fluorine.
Environment of Deposition of the Grenola Limestone (Lower Permian) in Southern Kansas
Authors: Lane Gary N. 
Published: January 2025

Study of the Grenola Limestone (Lower Permian) in the type area, Elk and Cowley Counties, Kansas, indicates that the formation was laid down under generally transgressive conditions, resulting in full development of a lower molluscan phase and an upper molluscoid-fusulinid phase. The Legion and Salem Point Shales represent pauses or slight shallowing in the generally transgressive hemicycle. During the time these members were being laid down, clay-size clastic material was the dominant sediment. Limestones in the formation resulted from deposition of fine-grained to granular calcium carbonate mud.
Except for phases "3" and "5," Elias' Permian cyclothem is well developed in the Grenola formation. The molluscan phase is inferred to be represented by pectinoid limestone, "osagite," and ostracode-bearing shales, which contain intercalated molluscan limestones. Shales containing charophytes may be equivalent to the Lingula phase.
The molluscan phase is characterized by a Cavellina-Hollinella- Tetrataxis microassemblage. The molluscoid-fusulinid phase is characterized by a Climacammina-Glypltostomella-Bairdia microassemblage. Thickness of chert- and fusulinid-bearing limestones in the Neva member increases southward in the area studied. It is postulated that "osagite" beds in the Sallyards and Burr Limestones are the result of wave or current sorting. Osagia is found to be an intergrowth of ?algae and Ammovertella, an arenaceous, incrusting foraminifer.