bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P‐60  Hypercalcaemia associated with disseminated Lagenidium spp. infection in a dog: case report
Authors: Nett C. S. , Grooters A. M. , Leblanc C. J. , Ramirez S. , Lomax L. G. 
Published: August 2004

Oomycetes such as Pythium insidiosum are soil‐ or water‐dwelling organisms that belong to the Kingdom Stramenopila. Recently, a member of the genus Lagenidium has been recognized as a second canine pathogen in the class Oomycetes, causing multifocal ulcerative cutaneous lesions, subcutaneous pyogranulomatous nodules and draining tracts, often with dissemination to lymph nodes and abdominal great vessels. This report describes the clinical, cytologic and pathologic features of Lagenidium spp. infection associated with hypercalcaemia in a dog. A 1.5‐year‐old female border collie was referred for evaluation of progressive ulcerative skin lesions. Physical examination revealed pyrexia, generalized lymphadenopathy and multiple draining tracts, nodules and ulcers with eschars involving the distal aspect of all four limbs. Serum biochemical analysis revealed hyperglobulinaemia, hypoalbuminaemia and hypercalcaemia. Cytologic evaluation of fine‐needle aspirates from lymph nodes and cutaneous lesions revealed pyogranulomatous inflammation surrounding multiple poorly staining broad (14–21 μm) hyphae. These right‐angle branching hyphae were infrequently septate with irregular nonparallel walls. Thoracic radiography was normal. Abdominal ultrasonography showed no great vessel involvement. Euthanasia was elected, and necropsy revealed severe pyogranulomatous dermatitis and lymphadenitis involving the prescapular, popliteal, superficial inguinal, gastric, lumbar and external iliac lymph nodes. Histologically, all lesions were characterized by severe pyogranulomatous inflammation centred around broad, poorly septate hyphae. Parathyroid glands were histologically normal. Granulomatous disease associated with oomycosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis for hypercalcemia in canine patients with subcutaneous nodules or ulcerative dermatopathy associated with lymphadenopathy. Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐61  Bilateral ear canal neoplasia in three dogs
Authors: Zur G. 
Published: August 2004

Bilateral ear canal infections are common in dogs. They are caused by different predisposing factors, such as allergies, keratinization disorders and conformation abnormalities. Ear canal neoplasia is usually associated with unilateral disease. To the best of the author's knowledge, bilateral aural neoplasia has not been reported in dogs, and only four case reports were found in the human literature. This report presents three dogs that had bilateral tumours in their ear canals. They were presented with bilateral otitis externa. All three dogs exhibited proliferation of both ear canals that did not respond to glucocorticoids. Treatment consisted of total ear canal ablation and tissues were submitted for histopathologic evaluation. Case 1 (10‐year‐old male cocker spaniel) was diagnosed with cerumenous gland carcinoma. Cases 2 and 3 were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma. Case 1 was diagnosed 3 years earlier as having a keratinization disorder responsible for the chronic ear disease. Case 2 (5‐year‐old female French bulldog) was diagnosed 4 years earlier with atopic dermatitis, which did not respond to hyposensitization and only partially responded to glucocorticoid therapy. Case 3 (9‐year‐old male German shepherd) was diagnosed 2 months earlier with unilateral ear canal proliferation; however, otoscopic examination showed bilateral proliferation that obstructed both canals. In summary, bilateral ear canal neoplasia should be considered in cases of nonreponsive, proliferative aural pathology. Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐62  Dermal and subcutaneous extraskeletal osteosarcomas in eight dogs, two cats, and one ferret
Authors: Berrocal A. 
Published: August 2004

Osteosarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm characterized by the formation of osteoid tissue. It is the most frequent primary bone tumour in dogs, accounting for nearly 80–85% of all reported long bone appendicular osteosarcomas. Conversely, in cats and other species, osteosarcoma is rare at any site. Extraskeletal osteosarcoma (EOS) is a malignant, osteoid‐producing neoplasm without primary periosteal or bone involvement. These tumours have been described less frequently and occur mainly in the mammary glands of female dogs. Case material was obtained from biopsy records of the Pathology Service at the Veterinary School, Universidad Nacional. The diagnosis of these tumours was based on the absence of clinical, radiological, or pathological evidence of primary bone or glandular involvement. Samples were processed for histopathological examination and stained with H&E. In two cases, immunohistochemistry was performed. Eleven cases were diagnosed with EOS located in two histological locations. The dermal group consisted of three female dogs (two Rottweillers and one Fila Brasileiro), one male German shepherd (mean age of dogs: 5.5 years), two female cats (mixed‐breed and Siamese) of 5 and 11 years of age, respectively, and one 4‐year‐old female ferret. The subcutaneous group consisted of four dogs, two female pit bull terriers and two male dogs (boxer and mixed‐breed), with a mean age of 5 years. The subcutaneous EOS tumours were more aggressive. Three dogs were euthanized due to lung metastasis and the remaining dog was lost to follow‐up. Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐63. Canine cutaneous mastocytoma: correlation between histological grading, cytological nuclear area and nucleus:cytoplasm ratio
Authors: Militaru M. , Ciobotaru E. , Dinescu A. , Diaconescu A. , Ionascu I. 
Published: August 2004

Cutaneous mastocytoma is frequently diagnosed in dogs, representing 9–21% of skin tumors. Due to the unpredictable behavior of the tumor, a majority of clinicians consider it dangerous, with a 50% rate of recurrence and 50% of tumors being malignant. Seventeen dogs of various breeds were diagnosed with mastocytoma, inflammation rich in mast cells and tumors infiltrated with mast cells (canine cutaneous histiocytoma). Fine needle biopsies were performed, and smears were stained with May–Grunwald–Giemsa. Histological sections were stained with trichromic Masson and Luna stains. Nuclear areas and nucleus:cytoplasm ratios were determined using computed morphometry. Measurements were made only from smears. The values were statistically interpreted using Student's t‐test. According to histological features, four morphological grades were established: Grade 1 (well differentiated), Grades 2 and 3 (intermediary) and Grade 4 (anaplastic). Nuclear area values ranged from 5147 (±427) to 5847 (±169) pixels in Grade 1 mastocytoma, 4563 (±318) to 6619 (±289) pixels in Grades 2 and 3, and 6864 (±257) to 10456 (±773) pixels in Grade 4. Nucleus:cytoplasm ratios were between 0.37 and 0.44 (mean 0.40) in Grade 1, between 0.42 and 0.43 (mean 0.42) in Grades 2 and 3, and between 0.37 – 0.56 (mean 0.46) in Grade 4. Normal mast cells have a nucleus:cytoplasm ratio of 0.27. The variability of nuclear area values does not allow correlation with the histological grading of mastocytomas; therefore, prognosis cannot be estimated by nuclear area values. The average nucleus:cytoplasm ratio increased from Grade 1 through Grade 4 and correlated with the histological grading of canine mastocytomas. Funding: Self‐funded
P‐64  Cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma in a dog: treatment with oral pentoxifylline
Authors: Manigot G. A. 
Published: August 2004

A 9‐year‐old intact female Shih Tzu‐mix dog with a generalized form of cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma with vasculitis lesions was treated with oral pentoxifylline (200 mg twice daily) after failure to control the process with prednisone (2 mg/kg). The dog showed signs of internal lymph node involvement and hepatic invasion. Lesions included all three typically described stages at the same time with a 1‐year period of a highly pruritic erythematous dermatitis. At the time of consultation, the dog showed erythroderma, mild scaling, ulcerated nodules, crusted plaques, hypopigmentation of the planum nasale, lips and eyelids, and vasculitis of the footpads. Biopsy samples and cytology were diagnostic for cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma. Therapy consisted of prednisolone at a dosage of 2 mg/kg, but it failed to control the progression of the disease. Vasculitis lesions increased in number and area, thus pentoxifylline (200 mg twice daily) was administered. The use of pentoxifylline resulted in a marked improvement of the skin condition, decreasing the erythroderma, healing the vasculitis lesions and controlling the pruritus. The dog died 2 months after the initial clinical, cytological and histopathological diagnosis, because of respiratory complications. More research needs to be done on dogs with terminal cases of cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma that fail to be controlled with the usual therapy. Those dogs might benefit from the use of pentoxifylline. Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐65  Canine cutaneous histiocytoma: morphology and morphometry
Authors: Ciobotaru E. , Militaru M. , Soare T. , Mocanu J. , Bartoiu A. 
Published: August 2004

Canine cutaneous histiocytoma is a common tumor of young dogs. Nodules are single or multiple, alopecic and well demarcated. We studied 15 young dogs with cutaneous histiocytoma. Cutaneous nodules were cytologically and histologically investigated using routine techniques. The subject for morphometry was the nuclear area of histiocytes. The figures were statistically interpreted (Student's t‐test). Cytologically, histiocytes represented the largest population, being large‐sized cells. The nucleus:cytoplasm ratio was large with oval or bean‐shaped nuclei and a fine arrangement of chromatin. The cytoplasm was discrete and basophilic, or abundant and foamy. Five regressive stages were histologically described. Stage 1 was represented by dermal and hypodermal histiocyte proliferation, covered by an intact, uninfiltrated and atrophic epidermis. Epidermal ulcers and necrotizing foci with neutrophilic, lymphocytic and plasma cell infiltrations occurred in Stages 2, 3 and 4. Stage 5 looked like a chronic dermatitis. In Stage 1, the nuclear area was the smallest (4615 ± 62 pixels) with a small coefficient of variation (14.28%), proving a homogeneous population. Stage 2 histiocytes had a larger and more heterogeneous nuclear area (6116 ± 130 pixels) with a 21.12% coefficient of variation. In Stage 3, the average nuclear area (6431 ± 115 pixels) was larger than that for Stage 2 and had a 19.18% coefficient of variation. There were no significant differences between the nuclear areas of histiocytes from Stages 2 and 3; however, significant differences occurred between Stages 1 and 2, and between Stages 1 and 3. Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐66  Disseminated histiocytic sarcoma in a dog receiving long‐term immunosuppressive therapy
Authors: Kawabata A. , Aoki‐Ota M. , Sekiguchi M. , Momoi Y. , Iwaski T. 
Published: August 2004

A 4‐year‐old female Labrador retriever that had been receiving prednisolone for over 8 months because of severe pruritus developed iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome and was referred to our hospital. After complete withdrawal of prednisolone, atopic dermatitis was diagnosed, based on clinical signs, history, an elimination diet test and an intradermal test. Immunotherapy was started, but it was discontinued 3 months later due to lack of improvement. Several drugs, including prednisolone and cyclosporine, were used in an attempt to control the pruritus, and amitriptyline was added for psychogenic treatment. When the dog was 5.5 years old, dome‐shaped and nonpainful nodules were detected on the digits, neck and shoulder. Three months after the first nodule was detected, nodules had developed all over the body, and most were ulcerated. The nodules were examined histopathologically and the diagnosis was disseminated histiocytic sarcoma. As disseminated histiocytic sarcoma has a reportedly poor prognosis, only antibiotic therapy in addition to continuous amitriptyline and prednisolone administration was pursued. The dog died 6 months after the first nodule was detected. The dog received immunosuppressive agents long‐term to control severe pruritus due to atopic dermatitis. There is a possibility that a long‐term immunocompromised state may lead to the development of neoplasms, such as disseminated histiocytic sarcoma. Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐67  Characteristics of the 10 most frequent feline skin disease conditions seen in the dermatology clinic at the National Veterinary School of Nantes
Authors: Bourdeau P. , Fer G. 
Published: August 2004

Few studies have presented general epidemiologic data in veterinary dermatology. The aim of this study was to analyse feline dermatological cases seen at the National Veterinary School of Nantes. Animals presented to the clinics are systematically examined with a protocol that allows validation in a computerized system. Seventy prospective codified parameters are collected at each visit (habitat, nutrition, lesions and localisation, laboratory procedures, hypothesis/diagnosis). The final diagnosis in dermatology may combine several causes or diseases. The study included 783 cases seen from January 1992 to January 1997. The following results indicate the frequency of primary diagnosis and frequency of association or suspicion, respectively. The ten most frequent dermatoses were: flea infestations (24.1/33.3%), flea bite hypersensitivity (22.3/42.9%), dermatophytoses (9.9/26.2%), Otodectes (11.5/19%), food allergy (2.8/25.2%), miscellaneous hypersensitivities (2.8/10%), atopy (2.4/22.4%), miscellaneous external otitis (2.4/5.6%), superficial pyodermas (1.4/4.7%), and psychogenic alopecia (1.3/4.7%). In total, flea‐associated problems were identified as the primary cause in 46.5% of cases and hypothesized to be associated in 29% of other cases. Feline miliary dermatitis syndrome was seen in 158 cats (20.2%), feline eosinophilic granuloma complex in 76 cats (9.2%), and extensive alopecia in 58 cats (7.4%). Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐68  The role of cytological and histopathological examination in small animal dermatology
Authors: Tarpataki N. , Csébi P. , Pápa K. , Perge E. , Vajdovich P. , Vörös K. 
Published: August 2004

Two clinical laboratory diagnostic methods, cytology and histology, were introduced in practice, and the conditions, circumstances and advantages of their application were defined. Samples were obtained by skin biopsy (n = 35) and cytological sampling techniques (n = 33) from 41 dogs and four cats with skin disease. Cases were grouped into three categories: allergic dermatitis, fungal and parasitic skin diseases, and other skin diseases (including endocrinopathies, autoimmune, neoplastic, congenital, hereditary and infrequent skin disease). In each category, histological findings were evaluated for their information and their role in achieving the clinical diagnosis. We grouped the results of the histological examination into three groups: (1) essential to make the diagnosis and gave the final diagnosis; (2) not essential, but was a confirmation, and gave only the causal category; and (3) only a histological diagnosis without causal category. Results proved that histological diagnoses alone helped significantly in reducing the numbers of differential diagnoses in fungal and parasitic, and other skin diseases. The histological diagnoses were significantly more important in determining the final diagnosis in cases of other skin diseases compared to the allergic dermatitis (P < 0.001) and infectious (fungal and parasitic) (P < 0.01) skin problems. Cytological examination provided significantly less information (P < 0.01) compared to the histological results in the group of other skin diseases, but there was no significant difference between the informative values of both methods comparing all cases. Significance, usefulness and necessity of histopathological and cytological methods applied in the clinical practice were justified in this study. Funding: IAMS Company.
P‐69  Efficacy of cyclosporin in the treatment of feline urticaria pigmentosa: two cases
Authors: Guaguere E. , Fontaine J. 
Published: August 2004

This report describes the use of cyclosporin in two cats with feline urticaria pigmentosa. A 20‐month‐old Sphinx female and a 6‐month‐old neutered Devon Rex male were referred with multiple erythematous macules and papules on the face, trunk and limbs. Some papules became progressively darker. Pruritus was severe in both cases. Histopathological examination of lesional biopsies showed a moderate to marked perivascular to diffuse infiltrate in the superficial and deep dermis. This infiltrate was comprised mainly of a homogeneous population of well‐differentiated mast cells. The cats were treated with cyclosporin at 7.5 mg/kg orally once daily 2 h before meals. Within 4 weeks, there was on average 75% reduction in the initial lesions and pruritus. The treatment was discontinued for another 4 weeks. Cutaneous lesions were stabilized. Pruritus was mild. Thereafter, cyclosporin was continued on an alternate day regimen for 4 weeks and then every 3 days for another month. No adverse effects were noted. Cyclosporin was effective in the treatment of feline urticaria pigmentosa. Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐7  Treatment of canine acne with doxycycline: an open trial
Authors: Bensignor E. , Guaguere E. 
Published: August 2004

The purpose of this study was to determine whether doxycycline (Ronaxan) decreased the severity of localized lesions of canine acne. Dogs were enrolled if they exhibited skin lesions localized to the chin compatible with canine acne, and if cytological smears showed a bacterial invasion and bacteriological samples grew Staphylococcus intermedius colonies. Demodicosis and dermatophytosis were excluded by skin scrapings and fungal culture, respectively. Lesions (erythema, lichenification, papules, pustules and excoriations) were graded with a quantitative 4‐point scale (maximal total score 15). Extent of lesion was also estimated. Pruritus was graded on a 4‐point scale. Scores were given at the time of inclusion and at day 30 after treatment with doxycycline 10 mg/kg once daily. Twelve dogs (10 males and two females) representing seven breeds were included. Good improvement of both lesional (9.4 before treatment and 2.3 after treatment) and extent scores (43% before treatment and 8% after treatment) was achieved. Pruritus was also markedly improved from 2.08 before treatment to 0.42 after treatment. One dog was not significantly improved after 1 month. Results of this trial suggest that doxycyline is useful for reducing the severity of localized skin lesions of canine acne. Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐70  Idiopathic facial dermatitis of the Persian cat: three cases controlled with cyclosporine
Authors: Fontaine J. , Heimann M. 
Published: August 2004

Facial dermatitis in cats is a poorly understood clinical problem observed in Persian and Himalayan cats. This report describes three cases of idiopathic facial dermatitis in the Persian cat controlled with cyclosporine. The syndrome was observed in a 5‐year‐old intact female, a 1.5‐year‐old intact male, and a 3‐year‐old neutered male Persian cat. The lesions developed over 2 years, 2 months and 18 months, respectively. Cutaneous lesions were mainly localized to the face. A black patchy waxy exudate matted the hair, especially on the chin. Mild crusts and black exudate were also noted on the vulvar folds in one case and on the ventral aspect of the neck in another case. Erythematous, ceruminous otitis was observed in one case. The histopathological findings were exactly the same for all three cases and compatible with idiopathic facial dermatitis of the Persian cat, or eventually an allergic reaction. All cases were managed with cyclosporine (Neoral® 6–7 mg/kg/day). Lesions were completely controlled after 4–6 weeks. During a 6‐month follow‐up for two cases, the lesions seemed to be more resistant to therapy. For these two cats, secondary infections with cocci and Malassezia occasionally occurred. No adverse reactions were observed in our three treated cats. Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐71  Successful therapy of sebaceous adenitis with topical cyclosporine in 20 dogs
Authors: Paterson S. 
Published: August 2004

Sebaceous adenitis was diagnosed in 20 dogs on the basis of histopathology and compatible clinical signs. Affected dogs included standard poodles (3), akitas (3), English springer spaniels (3), and chow chows (3). Fungal cultures, skin scrapings and thyroid function tests were unremarkable. Multiple biopsies were taken from all animals. Initial therapy included essential fatty acid supplementation with a total gamma linolenic acid dose of 10–20 mg/kg once daily and an antiseborrhoeic shampoo twice weekly. All animals were assessed at 3 weeks. An improvement in coat condition was noted at this time, but there was no evidence of hair regrowth. Treatment was started with topical cyclosporine. Twenty‐five millilitres of cyclosporine (Neoral oral solution, 100 mg/mL) made up to a total volume of 250 mL of liquid with sterile water was applied to the coat once daily followed by an emollient spray. At a 6‐week recheck, further improvement was noted. In some cases, new hair regrowth was apparent. In six dogs, blood samples were taken at 9 weeks to measure blood levels of cyclosporine. In no case could cyclosporine be detected. Therapy was successful in every case, but was deemed too labour intensive by the owners of some dogs. Despite good initial improvement in their dog's skin condition, they were lost to follow‐up. In all other cases, once hair had regrown after 8–12 weeks, the frequency of application could be reduced to once or twice weekly. Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐72  A case of perianal gland adenoma concurrent with benign prostatic hyperplasia in a mixed‐breed dog
Authors: Yoon S. , Won D. , Park C. , Park H. M. 
Published: August 2004

A 13‐year‐old intact male mixed‐breed dog was evaluated because of multiple 0.5–1.5 cm diameter, circular intradermal nodules around the anus. There was a history of intermittent haematuria, perianal pain and colorectal obstruction with tenesmus. On physical examination, these lesions were ulcerated, and hemorrhagic and keratinaceous material was extruded with local pressure. The prostate gland was nonpainful and symmetrically enlarged. Abdominal radiographs revealed prostatomegaly and retrograde urethrocystography showed reflux of contrast media into the prostate gland. Ultrasonography showed a diffuse, relatively symmetrical enlarged prostate. The patient was treated with cyclosporine for 5 weeks. Until recently, the clinical signs of this patient were dramatically improved. This case demonstrates that perianal gland adenoma and benign prostate gland hyperplasia can be successfully managed with the administration of cyclosporine. Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐73  Evaluation of the practicality and efficacy of cryotherapy in feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Lucas R. , Larsson C. E. 
Published: August 2004

Based on the absence of detailed published reports focusing on cryosurgery in domestic cats, our objective was to evaluate the practicality and efficacy of cryotherapy to treat squamous cell carcinoma. Liquid nitrogen cryosurgery was used to treat 50 cats with 100 squamous cell carcinoma lesions located in the unpigmented areas of the ears (n = 32), eyelids (n = 12), nose (n = 40) and other areas (n = 16). Treatment led to remission in 36 cases (72%). There was remission of 80% of the lesions following a single treatment. White cats were most susceptible to squamous cell carcinoma. Complications of cryotherapy were observed in 13 cats (26%). Cryosurgery is a practical, safe and effective method of treating feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and can be successfully performed under small animal veterinary clinic conditions. Funding: Self‐funded.