bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for peritoneal dissemination of colorectal cancer
Authors: Yang Shung‐Haur , Lin Jen‐Kou , Lai Chiung‐Ru , Chen Chien‐Chih , Li A. Fen‐Yau , Liang Wen‐Yih , Jiang Jeng‐Kae 
Published: August 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to clarify the risk factors associated with positive peritoneal dissemination (PPD) of colorectal cancer (CRC).MethodsFrom June 2000 to September 2002, 143 CRC patients who underwent elective curative (79.0%) or non‐curative (21.0%) open laparotomy were prospectively studied. Clinical evaluations including classical factors, colonoscopic evaluation, intraoperative evaluation, and pathological features were recorded. PPD was diagnosed when macro‐ (MAPD) or microscopic peritoneal dissemination (MIPD) was evident. Positive peritoneal cytology from initially existing ascites or washing lavage indicated MIPD. Various factors were analyzed with univariate (Chi‐square test) and then multivariate analyses (logistic regression test) to search for the risk factors of PPD.ResultsOverall, MIPD, MAPD, and PPD were found in 2.8%, 6.3%, and 9.1%, respectively. Univariate analysis identified age ( ≤59 years), CA19‐9 (≥ 34.6 U/ml), poor differentiation, circumferential involvement (≥ 3 quadrants), ascites volume (>80 ml), pN+, and pT4 as risk factors of PPD. PPD did not occur in patients with well‐differentiated tumors, less circumferential involvement (< 2 quadrants), or no lymph node metastasis. After multivariate analysis, CA19‐9 (Odds ratio (95% CI), 8.6 (1.7–43.1)), pT4 (9.0 (1.3–61.0)), and age (5.26 (1.1–25.0)) remained significant risk factors.ConclusionCA19‐9 (≥ 34.6 U/ml), pT4, and age ( ≤59 years) were significant risk factors of PPD. J. Surg. Oncol. 2004;87:167–173. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
FAP with concurrent duodenal adenomatous polyposis and carcinoid tumor
Authors: Camp E. Ramsay , Hochwald Steven N. , Liu Chen 
Published: August 2004

AbstractWe report a patient with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) who developed duodenal adenomatosis with high‐grade dysplasia and a periampullary carcinoid tumor several years after total colectomy. Only two prior case reports exist revealing carcinoid tumors in association with FAP. No genetic basis exists explaining the link between FAP and carcinoid tumors. However, the presence of two rare entities in the same patient might suggest an association and further research may be indicated. J. Surg. Oncol. 2004;87:187–190. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effect of indocyanine green pretreatment on the parameters of transscleral diode laser thermotherapy‐induced threshold coagulation of the ciliary body
Authors: Kuo Po‐Cheng , Peyman Gholam A. , Men Gamze , Bezerra Yanno , Torres Franco 
Published: August 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveTo study the effect of indocyanine green (ICG) pretreatment on threshold parameters of transscleral diode laser thermotherapy‐induced threshold coagulation of the ciliary body. The procedure was termed ‘cyclothermotherapy’ based on the long duration (15–60 seconds) of diode laser application.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThe right eyes of nine young adult New Zealand white rabbits underwent transscleral cyclothermotherapy (TCT, Group 1), TCT following ICG pretreatment (Group 2), and external manipulation of the ciliary body alone (Group 3). Rabbits were sacrificed after 24 hours; specimens were evaluated with gross examination and light microscopy.ResultsThresholds were 30 J/cm2 (TCT) and 4.5 J/cm2 (TCT with ICG). Widespread structural damage was seen in the ciliary processes and the ciliary body in Groups 1 and 2. In Group 3, external manipulation of the ciliary body caused hemorrhage and structural damage confined to the ciliary processes.ConclusionICG pretreatment reduced the energy necessary to cause a threshold lesion with TCT in nonpigmented rabbits. Lasers Surg. Med. 35:157–162, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pulpal safety of 9.6 μm TEA CO2 laser used for caries prevention
Authors: Goodis Harold E. , Fried Daniel , Gansky Stuart , Rechmann Peter , Featherstone John D.B. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesLasers are used for several procedures involving hard and soft tissues of the oral cavity. A potential future application is the use of the CO2 laser to alter the surface structure of tooth enamel to render it more resistant to caries. A new 9.6 μm wavelength transverse excited atmospheric pressure (TEA) CO2 laser (Argus Photonics, Jupiter, FL) has been investigated as a device that can be used for this purpose without harming the dental pulp.Study Design/Materials and MethodsErupted caries‐ and restoration‐free third molars (n = 24 participants; 74 teeth) were used in the study. Teeth were irradiated at an incident fluence of 1.5 J/cm2, a repetition rate of 10 Hz and a spot size 1 mm in diameter. At the low and high settings, 200–400 pulses at 5–8 microseconds pulse duration were delivered at 12 mJ per pulse for a total energy of 2.4 or 4.8 J delivered for 20 or 40 seconds, respectively. Other teeth were subjected to a sham dental procedure (positive control) or no procedure (negative control). Prior to testing, radiographs were taken of all teeth, and they were assessed pulpally using heat, cold, and electricity to determine vitality. The teeth were removed either immediately or at 1 week or 1 month after testing.ResultsTeeth were bioprepared and examined histologically for signs of inflammation. Only one tooth developed symptoms of sensitivity to cold for 10 days following exposure to the high power level. The sensitivity was of fleeting duration and was judged to be reversible pulpitis. All teeth tested responded normally at pre‐testing and pre‐extraction time periods. Histological examination of all teeth disclosed no indication of an inflammatory response in the pulp tissue at any time point. All sections appeared normal with no changes seen in the normal pulpal morphology.ConclusionsWe conclude that the 9.6 μm wavelength laser causes no permanent/serious pulpal damage at the energy levels used and can be used safely for caries prevention treatments in humans. Lasers Surg. Med. 35:104–110, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lasers in pediatric airway surgery: Current and future clinical applications
Authors: Karamzadeh Amir M. , Wong Brian J.F. , Crumley Roger L. , Ahuja Gurpreet 
Published: August 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe smaller anatomy and limited access to instrumentation pose a challenge to the pediatric airway surgeon. The enhanced precision and ability to photocoagulate tissue while operating with the laser enhances the surgeon's ability to successfully treat unique pediatric conditions.Study Design/Materials and MethodsA comprehensive literature review was performed using the Medline (1995–2004) database.ResultsDue to its shallow tissue penetration and thermal effect, the carbon dioxide (CO2) laser is generally considered the laser of choice for pediatric airway applications. The potential for increased scarring and damage to underlying tissue caused by the greater penetration depth and thermal effect of the Nd:YAG and potassium‐titanyl‐phosphate (KTP) lasers preclude their widespread use in this population.ConclusionsIn this review, we will discuss the clinical applications of lasers in pediatric airway surgery, the current state of the art, where the current technology is deficient, and the potential applications of novel laser systems. Lasers Surg. Med. 35:128–134, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical application of Nd:YAG laser for the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma with new shaped laser probe
Authors: Ishikawa Tomohisa , Zeniya Mikio , Fujise Kiyotaka , Hokari Astushi , Toda Gotaro 
Published: August 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSurgical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not always regarded as the first choice of treatment, because most HCCs develop in cirrhotic liver. It becomes adaptation of minimally invasive treatments for HCC. In animal experiments, we previously reported that our newly developed neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser system could ablate liver tissue in short periods.Study Design/Patients and MethodsSix HCC cases (mean diameter; 16.3 ± 3.50 mm) were enrolled. The Nd:YAG laser generator with a wavelength of 1,064 nm at 10 W of power emitted the laser in a forward fashion and in all patients the laser beam safely irradiated the target lesion.ResultsThere was no recurrence of HCC in the laser‐ablated area in six patients for duration of 21.8± 4.35 months. A local recurrence was found in only one patient.ConclusionsThis study showed the clinical usefulness of laser ablation in the treatment of HCC. Lasers Surg. Med. 35:135–139, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Feasibility study of normal and septic tracheal imaging using optical coherence tomography
Authors: Jung Woonggyu , Zhang Jun , Mina‐Araghi Reza , Hanna Nevine , Brenner Matthew , Nelson J. Stuart , Chen Zhongping 
Published: August 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesOptical coherence tomography (OCT) is an imaging technology that may be adapted for use with flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy, potentially allowing it to play an important role in pulmonary diagnostics. The goal of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of OCT to image tracheal pathology.Study Design/Materials and MethodsTracheas were harvested from normal and septic New Zealand White rabbits and imaged using OCT. Two delivery devices were employed. One was a moving stage with an objective lens and collimator, the other a linear scanning flexible fiberoptic catheter using a GRIN lens and prism for endoscopic OCT. After OCT images were obtained from normal and septic tracheas, the excised tissues were prepared for standard histologic examination. Areas imaged by OCT were compared with corresponding histology slides.ResultsOCT images demonstrated in detail tracheal sub‐surface structures such as the epithelium, lamina propria, submucosa, and cartilage. The appearance of structures imaged by OCT corresponded very well with histologic pictures obtained by light microscopy. The OCT images from septic tracheas showed marked swelling of the mucosal and submucosal layers. Such pathology was equally imaged by either the moving stage or fiberoptic catheter for endoscopic OCT.ConclusionsOCT images of the trachea can distinguish many sub‐surface structural features usually requiring biopsy and light microscopy for visualization. Marked differences between normal and septic trachea were apparent in OCT images. In the future, OCT may be a valuable tool for evaluating tracheal pathology in situ with high image resolution. Lasers Surg. Med. 35:121–127, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of low‐intensity laser therapy on the orthodontic movement velocity of human teeth: A preliminary study
Authors: Cruz Delma R. , Kohara Eduardo K. , Ribeiro Martha S. , Wetter Niklaus U. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesLow‐intensity laser therapy (LILT) has been studied in many fields of dentistry, but to our knowledge, this is the first time that its effects on orthodontic movement velocity in humans are investigated.Study Design/Patients and MethodsEleven patients were recruited for this 2‐month study. One half of the upper arcade was considered control group (CG) and received mechanical activation of the canine teeth every 30 days. The opposite half received the same mechanical activation and was also irradiated with a diode laser emitting light at 780 nm, during 10 seconds at 20 mW, 5 J/cm2, on 4 days of each month. Data of the biometrical progress of both groups were statistically compared.ResultsAll patients showed significant higher acceleration of the retraction of canines on the side treated with LILT when compared to the control.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that LILT does accelerate human teeth movement and could therefore considerably shorten the whole treatment duration. Lasers Surg. Med. 35:117–120, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Repetitive Er:YAG laser irradiation of human skin: A histological evaluation
Authors: Drnovšek‐Olup Brigita , Beltram Matej , Pižem Jože 
Published: August 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveDeep coagulation of skin collagen by Er:YAG laser repetitive pulses has been predicted by previous theoretical models and later demonstrated on animal skin. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of repetitive Er:YAG laser pulses on human skin and its response to this treatment.Study Design/Materials and MethodsLid skin of six female volunteers with blepharochalasis has been treated with laser at day 0, 7, and 21 before elective surgery—blepharoplasty. The treated skin was excised as part of the procedure and prepared for further histological examination. We used a 2,940 nm Er:YAG laser (Fidelis M320A by Fotona) with ‘smooth’ mode parameters: fluence from 0.50 to 2.00 J/cm2; six pulses per packet; 550 μsecond/pulse, 250 millisecond/packet; single pass, no overlapping; spot size 5 mm; repetition rate 20 Hz.ResultsWe observed deep collagen denaturation at laser fluences of 1.25 J/cm2 and over; epidermal damage was proportional to fluence with total coagulation of the epidermal layer at fluences of 1.75 J/cm2 and over. At day 7 after laser treatment we observed a complete regeneration of the epidermal layer and a regeneration zone within the dermis with prominent infiltration of CD68+ monocytes/macrophages. At day 21 after laser treatment we observed collagen remodeling and (myo‐)fibroblast proliferation at tissue depths of up to 240 μm.ConclusionsRepetitive Er:YAG laser irradiation is effective in deep denaturation and remodeling of human skin collagen in vivo, with less epidermal damage compared to standard Er:YAG laser skin resurfacing. Lasers Surg. Med. 35:146–151, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Albumin–genipin solder for laser tissue repair
Authors: Lauto A. , Foster L.J.R. , Ferris L. , Avolio A. , Zwaneveld N. , Poole‐Warren L.A. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractBackgroundLaser tissue soldering (LTS) is an alternative technique to suturing for tissue repair that avoids foreign body reaction and provides immediate sealing of the wound. One of the major drawbacks of LTS, however, is the weak tensile strength of the solder welds when compared to sutures. In this study, a crosslinking agent of low cytotoxicity was investigated for its ability to enhance the bond strength of albumin solders with sheep intestine.Study Design/Materials and MethodsSolder strips were welded onto rectangular sections of sheep small intestine using a diode laser. The laser delivered in continuous mode a power of 170 ± 10 mW at λ = 808 nm, through a multimode optical fiber (core size = 200 μm) to achieve a dose of 10.8 ± 0.5 J/mg. The solder thickness and surface area were kept constant throughout the experiment (thickness = 0.15 ± 0.01 mm, area = 12 ± 1.2 mm2). The solder was composed of 62% bovine serum albumin (BSA), 0.38% genipin, 0.25% indocyanin green dye (IG), and water. Tissue welding was also performed with a BSA solder without genipin, as a control group. The repaired tissue was tested for tensile strength by a calibrated tensiometer. Murine fibroblasts were also cultured in extracted media from heat‐denatured genipin solder to assess cell growth inhibition in a 48 hours period.ResultsThe tensile strength of the genipin solder was doubled that of the BSA solder (0.21 ± 0.04 N and 0.11 ± 0.04 N, respectively; P = 10−15 unpaired t‐test, N = 30). Media extracted from crosslinked genipin solder showed negligible toxicity to fibroblast cells under the culture conditions examined here.ConclusionAddition of a chemical crosslinking agent, such as genipin, significantly increased the tensile strength of adhesive‐tissue bonds. A proposed mechanism for this enhanced bond strength is the synergistic action of mechanical adhesion with chemical crosslinking by genipin. Lasers Surg. Med. 35:140–145, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
How social influence affects consumption trends in emerging markets: An empirical investigation of the consumption convergence hypothesis
Authors: Dholakia Utpal M. , Talukdar Debabrata 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe authors empirically test the veracity of the consumption convergence hypothesis for emerging markets (EMs): the hypothesis that through social influences on individual consumers resulting from global integration, and exposure to the United States (U.S.), consumption levels in EMs converge toward U.S. consumption levels. Drawing upon psychological theories of social influence, and using national per capita consumption data from 22 major EMs and the U.S., the authors find strong empirical support for consumption convergence for both, the aggregate consumption level of EMs, as well as for soft‐drink consumption therein. After controlling for income and price levels, the results show that global integration and exposure to the U.S. each increase the EM's consumption convergence. The authors also find that degree of global integration interacts with specific exposure to the U.S., accelerating consumption convergence of EMs. Theoretical and practical implications of the results are considered, and future research opportunities are discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Role of tumor cell immune escape mechanisms in cytomegalovirus‐mediated oncomodulation
Authors: Cinatl Jindrich , Scholz Martin , Doerr Hans Wilhelm 
Published: August 2004

AbstractIt has been known for a long time that cytomegalovirus (CMV) has evolved mechanisms that allow the escape from the host immune surveillance. In the past, many efforts have been done to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying this virus‐mediated immune escape and thus virus persistence. However, it is unknown, whether CMV may also impair immune responses directed against tumor cells. This might have severe consequences on tumor progression and may explain the growing evidence for CMV‐mediated oncomodulation. This review summarizes recent work on CMV‐mediated immune escape mechanisms of tumor cells and oncomodulation and proposes novel aspects that may be important for understanding the CMV‐associated tumor progression. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
31P MAS‐NMR of human erythrocytes: Independence of cell volume from angular velocity
Authors: Kuchel P.W. , Bubb W.A. , Ramadan S. , Chapman B.E. , Philp D.J. , Coen M. , Gready J.E. , Harvey P.J. , McLean A.J. , Hook J. 
Published: August 2004

Abstract31P magic angle spinning NMR (MAS‐NMR) spectra were obtained from suspensions of human red blood cells (RBCs) that contained the cell‐volume‐sensitive probe molecule, dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP). A mathematical representation of the spectral‐peak shape, including the separation and width‐at‐half‐height in the 31P NMR spectra, as a function of rotor speed, enabled us to explore the extent to which a change in cell volume would be reflected in the spectra if it occurred. We concluded that a fractional volume change in excess of 3% would have been detected by our experiments. Thus, the experiments indicated that the mean cell volume did not change by this amount even at the highest spinning rate of 7 kHz. The mean cell volume and intracellular 31P line‐width were independent of the packing density of the cells and of the initial cell volume. The relationship of these conclusions to other non‐NMR studies of pressure effects on cells is noted. Magn Reson Med 52:663–668, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of noise effects on DTI‐based tractography using the brute‐force and multi‐ROI approach
Authors: Huang Hao , Zhang Jiangyang , van Zijl Peter C.M. , Mori Susumu 
Published: August 2004

AbstractDiffusion tensor tractography based on line propagation is a promising and widely used technique, but it is known to be sensitive to noise and the size and location of the seed regions of interest (ROIs). The effects of these parameters on the tractography results were analyzed quantitatively using high‐resolution diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with a high signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) on a fixed mouse brain. The anterior commissure (AC), as judged from a T2‐weighted image, was used as an anatomical reference within which the tracts could be located. Monte Carlo simulation was performed by adding Gaussian noise to the time domain data and repeating the tractography. Deviations of the tracking results were measured as a function of SNR. Such noise effects were evaluated for a simple one‐ROI approach and a combined two‐ROI and brute‐force (BF) approach. The influence of ROI size and location for the two‐ROI + BF approach was also analyzed. The results confirmed the hypothesis that one can increase the validity of DTI‐based tractography by adopting the BF and multi‐ROI approach, with respect to the simple one‐ROI approach. Magn Reson Med 52:559–565, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison between 2D and 3D gradient‐echo sequences for MRI of human lung ventilation with hyperpolarized 3He
Authors: Wild Jim M. , Woodhouse Neil , Paley Martyn N.J. , Fichele Stan , Said Zead , Kasuboski Larry , van Beek Edwin J.R. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractImages of hyperpolarized 3He were acquired during breath‐hold in four healthy volunteers with the use of an optimized 3D gradient‐echo sequence. The images were compared with existing 2D gradient‐echo methods. The average SNR from a 13‐mm‐thick slice in the peripheral lung was 1.4 times greater with 3D. In the airways the average SNR was 1.7 times greater with 3D. The higher SNR of 3D was particularly evident when regions of unimpeded gas diffusion, such as the major airways, were imaged with thin slices. This is because diffusion dephasing due to the slice‐encoding gradient is minimized with a 3D sequence. The in vivo experimental findings were substantiated with experiments on phantoms of free gas, which showed more than four times the SNR with 3D compared to 2D. Theoretical simulations of the 2D and 3D k‐space filters were also performed to predict the SNR and spatial resolution observed in the experimental images. Magn Reson Med 52:673–678, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Variable‐rate selective excitation for rapid MRI sequences
Authors: Hargreaves Brian A. , Cunningham Charles H. , Nishimura Dwight G. , Conolly Steven M. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractBalanced steady‐state free precession (SSFP) imaging sequences require short repetition times (TRs) to avoid off‐resonance artifacts. The use of slab‐selective excitations is common, as this can improve imaging speed by limiting the field of view (FOV). However, the necessarily short‐duration excitations have poor slab profiles. This results in unusable slices at the slab edge due to significant flip‐angle variations or aliasing in the slab direction. Variable‐rate selective excitation (VERSE) is a technique by which a time‐varying gradient waveform is combined with a modified RF waveform to provide the same excitation profile with different RF power and duration characteristics. With the use of VERSE, it is possible to design short‐duration pulses with dramatically improved slab profiles. These pulses achieve high flip angles with only minor off‐resonance sensitivity, while meeting SAR limits at 1.5 T. The improved slab profiles will enable more rapid 3D imaging of limited volumes, with more consistent image contrast across the excited slab. Magn Reson Med 52:590–597, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.