bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Shape Memory Hydrogel with Excellent Mechanical Properties, Water Retention Capacity, and Tunable Fluorescence for Dual Encryption
Authors: Tang Junyi , Xing Tianyu , Chen Sijia , Feng Jiachun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractInformation encryption platforms with reliable encryption performance, excellent mechanical performance, and high water retention capacity are highly desired. In this study, a tough double‐network hydrogel is designed using the first network of a polyion complex containing lanthanide complexes via one‐pot polymerization and the second network of a poly (N‐hydroxyethyl acrylamide) (PHEAA) obtained by deep eutectic solvent (DES)‐assisted introduction and subsequent photopolymerization. In this system, the pH‐induced shape memory function and pH‐/wavelength‐dependent fluorescence allow the use of the prepared hydrogel as a dual‐encryption platform. Owing to its high response reversibility, the hydrogel‐based platform exhibits both a high security level and the advantages of rewritability, reprogrammability, and reusability. Additionally, the excellent mechanical properties and water retention capacity owing to the solvent exchange process involving the low‐volatility solvent DES and the resulting introduction of the second network of PHEAA offer high practical application value for the hydrogel‐based dual encryption platform, demonstrating its potential for information security protection.
Nanozyme‐Enhanced Electrochemical Biosensors: Mechanisms and Applications
Authors: Yang Zhongwei , Guo Jiawei , Wang Longwei , Zhang Jian , Ding Longhua , Liu Hong , Yu Xin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNanozymes, as innovative materials, have demonstrated remarkable potential in the field of electrochemical biosensors. This article provides an overview of the mechanisms and extensive practical applications of nanozymes in electrochemical biosensors. First, the definition and characteristics of nanozymes are introduced, emphasizing their significant role in constructing efficient sensors. Subsequently, several common categories of nanozyme materials are delved into, including metal‐based, carbon‐based, metal‐organic framework, and layered double hydroxide nanostructures, discussing their applications in electrochemical biosensors. Regarding their mechanisms, two key roles of nanozymes are particularly focused in electrochemical biosensors: selective enhancement and signal amplification, which crucially support the enhancement of sensor performance. In terms of practical applications, the widespread use of nanozyme‐based electrochemical biosensors are showcased in various domains. From detecting biomolecules, pollutants, nucleic acids, proteins, to cells, providing robust means for high‐sensitivity detection. Furthermore, insights into the future development of nanozyme‐based electrochemical biosensors is provided, encompassing improvements and optimizations of nanozyme materials, innovative sensor design and integration, and the expansion of application fields through interdisciplinary collaboration. In conclusion, this article systematically presents the mechanisms and applications of nanozymes in electrochemical biosensors, offering valuable references and prospects for research and development in this field.
Hollow Nanoreactors for Controlled Photocatalytic Behaviors: Fundamental Theory, Structure–Performance Relationship, and Catalytic Advantages
Authors: Liu Runyu , Yu Zhihao , Zhang Rui , Xiong Jian , Qiao Yina , Liu Xinzhong , Lu Xuebin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHollow nanoreactors (HoNRs) have regarded as an attractive catalytic material for photocatalysis due to their exceptional capabilities in enhancing light harvesting, facilitating charge separation and transfer, and optimizing surface reactions. Developing novel HoNRs offers new options to realize controllable catalytic behavior. However, the catalytic mechanism of photocatalysis occurring in HoNRs has not yet been fully revealed. Against this backdrop, this review elaborates on three aspects: 1) the fundamental theoretical insights of HoNRs‐driven photocatalytic kinetics; 2) structure–performance relationship of HoNRs to photocatalysis; 3) catalytic advantages of HoNRs in photocatalytic applications. Specifically, the review focuses on the fundamental theories of HoNRs for photocatalysis and their structural advantages for strengthening light scattering, promoting charge separation and transfer, and facilitating surface reaction kinetics, and the relationship between key structural parameters of HoNRs and their photocatalytic performance is in‐depth discussed. Also, future prospects and challenges are proposed. It is anticipated that this review paper will pave the way for forthcoming investigations in the realm of HoNRs for photocatalysis.
Rapid determination of multiple components in herbal medicine using a single reference compound by high‐performance liquid chromatography at equal absorption wavelength: Case study of Magnoliae officinalis cortex
Authors: Qian Zhengming , Chen Jing , Lei Qinggui , Tan Guoying , Zou Yuansheng , Peng Gang , Xie Juying , Li Wenqing 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHerbal medicine is a complex system containing numerous bioactive components. Evaluating the quality of herbs often requires analyzing multiple components using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). However, existing HPLC methods are time‐consuming and consume large amounts of reference compounds. This study, an ultra‐rapid and green assay method for the determination of honokiol and magnolol in Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex using a single reference compound was developed by HPLC at equal absorption wavelength (EAW). The sample was prepared using ultrasonic‐assisted matrix solid‐phase dispersion and separated with an eco‐friendly mobile phase on the Poroshell C18 column. The EAW of homokiol and magnolol was chosen as the detecting wavelength (247 nm). The contents of honokiol and magnolol in six Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex samples obtained by the developed method with a single marker and the external standard method with two markers were comparable. Additionally, the developed HPLC process only needed 4.55 mL green organic solution (ethanol) and 2.5 min, which included sample extraction and separation. The developed HPLC EAW method was ultra‐fast, green, and reference compound saving, which was an improved quality control method of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex and would serve as an example for the determination of multiple components in other herbal medicines using a single reference compound.
Corpora in English Language Teacher Education: Research, Integration, and Resources
Authors: Farr Fiona , Leńko‐Szymańska Agnieszka 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFor some time, arguments have been made that for the increased successful use of corpus linguistics (CL), in the form of Data‐Driven Learning (DDL; Johns, 1991) in the second language classroom, teacher education programs must play a central role by providing the necessary instruction and triggers. Three means of integrating corpora into teacher education have been identified (Leńko‐Szymańska, 2022): as a tool for language awareness, as pedagogically‐focussed instruction for DDL, and as a fully‐fledged CL course. It is difficult to gauge the effectiveness of these three approaches because we can only rely on the relatively few, but growing, number of research studies that are published. Naturally, the existing studies are based on relatively small numbers of participants, rely mainly on data collected through questionnaires and self‐reports, and rarely trace the extended effects of the instruction after the student teachers leave the programs. It is also hard to generalize from these accounts as they are deeply imbedded in their institutional curricula and their local teacher education traditions. Nonetheless, they provide a foundation for the discussion in this paper which proposes a tripartite framework for the integration of instructional CL into language teacher education programs. This consists of corpus literacies, corpus‐based language pedagogy, and corpus‐based reflective practice. In addition, we present a summary of some useful published resources that can be used to support the integration of such a framework.
Circ_0082878 contributes to prostate cancer progression via the miR‐455‐3p/WTAP axis
Authors: Zhao Pengcheng , Han Pengli , Ma Yan , Tian Pei , Li Jing 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCirc_0082878 has been found to be strongly expressed in prostate cancer (PCa). However, its roles and potential mechanism in PCa have not been investigated. This study aims to clarify it. RNase R digestion method was adopted for verifying the circular structure of circ_0082878. RT‐qPCR assay is aimed to detect the expressions of circ_0082878, miR‐455‐3p and WTAP in PCa tissues and cells. For identifying cell proliferation, migration and invasion abilities, CCK‐8 and transwell assay were used. To show the correlation between miR‐455‐3p and WTAP or circ_0082878, the luciferase reporter gene, RNA RIP and RNA pull‐down experiments were employed. We employed western blot to detect protein level of WTAP. In addition, the impact of circ_0082878 on PCa cells in vivo was also studied. It was found that circ_0082878 and WTAP were highly expressed in PCa tissues and cells, whereas miR‐455‐3p was lowly expressed. Inhibition of circ_0082878 restrained the growth of PCa in vitro and in vivo. Regarding mechanism, miR‐455‐3p was the target of circ_0082878, and WTAP was the target of miR‐455‐3p. Circ_0082878 could downregulate the level of miR‐455‐3p, and inhibiting of miR‐455‐3p expression could partially eliminate the inhibitory impact of low expression of circ_0082878 on the proliferation and migration of PCa cells. Additionally, over‐expression of miR‐455‐3p resulted in the reduced level of WTAP, and WTAP over‐expression counteracted the tumor suppressive impact of miR‐455‐3p in PCa cells. Moreover, the obtained findings indicated that circ_0082878 may exert tumor‐promoting activity in PCa via sponging miR‐455‐3p and then upregulating WTAP. This indicates that the circ_0082878/miR‐455‐3p/WTAP axis can probably become the possible therapeutic target for PCa.
Baltic Health Progress Under Foreign Occupation and Restored Independence
Authors: Norkus Zenonas 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWhen assessing the health progress of the restored Baltic States, we can rely on the 1×1 life tables for the complete restored independence period, published in the Human Mortality Database (HMD 2022). It also contains complete life tables for the Soviet occupation period from 1959, which is the year of the first Soviet census (taken on 5 January 1959) in the Baltic countries since their occupation in 1940. During the Soviet period, they were compiled by the Soviet Central State Office in Moscow and remained classified until Gorbachev’s perestroika era (some selected figures were published only in the 1960s). After the restoration of independence, they have been compiled and are regularly published by national statistical offices.
A Century of Somatic Progress in the Baltic Countries
Authors: Norkus Zenonas 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this chapter, I provide the assessment of the somatic performance success of the Baltic restorations, guided by the criterion of restoration somatic performance success (CRSPS). This assessment involves application of the outperforming intermediate system and outperforming original system tests (OIST and OOST) or cross-time comparison of the increase in body height during three epochs of Baltic history (interwar independence or the original system, totalitarian occupations, and restored independence). For this aim, annual data series are presented for all three Baltic countries and the Netherlands as a benchmark country in the supplementary Dutch standard test (DST; see Chap. 4). Due to reasons explained in the previous chapter, in terms of human height, Finland was a catch-up country with respect to the former Baltic provinces. Therefore, it is not possible to extend the general tests with the regional “Finnish standard” supplement in the same way as was done for economic and health progress.
Social Rehabilitations, Restorations and Their Varieties
Authors: Norkus Zenonas 
Published: November 2023

AbstractResearchers of revolutions are challenged to distinguish social revolutions from related, intersecting but nevertheless different phenomena: reforms, revolts, riots, rebellions, strikes, social movements and civil war. Questions of definition are discussed in great detail in classical works on the sociology of revolutions, listed at the start of the previous chapter. As a result, there is a modicum of established vocabulary in the research on revolutions, even if revolution itself remains an essentially contested concept, and there is no universally accepted definition of revolution.
Baltic Economic Growth Under Foreign Occupations and Restored Independence
Authors: Norkus Zenonas 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this chapter I argue that those looking for the times of an “economic miracle” on the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea are better advised to direct their sights upon the period of restored independence of the Baltic countries instead of the interwar years. Growth rates of the restored Baltic countries in 1989–2018 were much higher than in 1913–1938. In 1913–1938, Estonia’s economy grew at a rate of 0.79%, and under restoration at 1.99%. For Latvia, growth rates were 0.67% and 1.53%, for Lithuania—1.25% and 2.17% accordingly.
Entropy-current for dynamical black holes in Chern-Simons theories of gravity
Authors: Deo Ishan , Dhivakar Prateksh , Kundu Nilay 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We construct an entropy current and establish a local version of the classical second law of thermodynamics for dynamical black holes in Chern-Simons (CS) theories of gravity. We work in a chosen set of Gaussian null coordinates and assume the dynamics to be small perturbations around the Killing horizon. In explicit examples of both purely gravitational and mixed gauge gravity CS theories in (2 + 1) and (4 + 1)-dimensions, the entropy current is obtained by studying the off-shell structure of the equations of motion evaluated on the horizon. For the CS theory in (2 + 1) dimensions, we argue that the second law holds to quadratic order in perturbations by considering it as a low energy effective field theory with the leading piece given by Einstein gravity. In all such examples, we show that the construction of entropy current is invariant under the reparameterization of the null horizon coordinates. Finally, extending an existing formalism for diffeomorphism invariant theories, we construct an abstract proof for the linearised second law in arbitrary Chern-Simons theories in any given odd dimensions by studying the off-shell equations of motion. As a check of consistency, we verify that the outcome of this algorithmic proof matches precisely with the results obtained in explicit examples.
Universality of effective central charge in interface CFTs
Authors: Karch Andreas , Kusuki Yuya , Ooguri Hirosi , Sun Hao-Yu , Wang Mianqi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When an interface connects two CFTs, the entanglement entropy between the two CFTs is determined by a quantity called the effective central charge. The effective central charge does not have a simple form in terms of the central charges of the two CFTs, but intricately depends on the transmissive properties of the interface.In this article, we examine universal properties of the effective central charge. We first clarify how the effective central charge appears when considering general subsystems of the interface CFT. Then using this result and ideas used in the proof of the c-theorem, we provide a universal upper bound on the effective central charge.In past studies, the effective central charge was defined only in two dimensions. We propose an analogue of the effective central charge in general dimensions possessing similar universal properties as in two dimensions.
Stark effect and dissociation of mesons in holographic conductor
Authors: Ishigaki Shuta , Kinoshita Shunichiro , Matsumoto Masataka 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We study the meson spectrum of the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory with $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 fundamental hypermultiplets for a finite electric field by using the D3/D7 model. The spectrum for scalar and vector mesons is computed by analyzing the (quasi-)normal modes for the fluctuations of the D7-brane embedding and gauge fields. In the presence of an electric field, two different phases in the background are realized: the meson and dissociation phases. In this paper, we analyze the meson spectrum of scalar and vector mesons for all ranges of the electric field and explore the effect of the electric field on the meson spectrum, that is, the Stark effect. In the meson spectrum, we observe the avoided crossing between different levels due to the coupling of fluctuations via the electric field.
Fractional Sobolev Spaces with Kernel Function on Compact Riemannian Manifolds
Authors: Aberqi Ahmed , Ouaziz Abdesslam , Repovš Dušan D. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a new class of Sobolev spaces with kernel function satisfying a Lévy-integrability-type condition on compact Riemannian manifolds is presented. We establish the properties of separability, reflexivity, and completeness. An embedding result is also proved. As an application, we prove the existence of solutions for a nonlocal elliptic problem involving the fractional $$p(\cdot , \cdot )$$

p
(
·
,
·
)

-Laplacian operator. As one of the main tools, topological degree theory is applied.
STIM2 regulates NMDA receptor endocytosis that is induced by short-term NMDA receptor overactivation in cortical neurons
Authors: Serwach Karolina , Nurowska Ewa , Klukowska Marta , Zablocka Barbara , Gruszczynska-Biegala Joanna 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRecent findings suggest an important role for the dysregulation of stromal interaction molecule (STIM) proteins, activators of store-operated Ca2+ channels, and the prolonged activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. We previously demonstrated that STIM silencing increases Ca2+ influx through NMDAR and STIM–NMDAR2 complexes are present in neurons. However, the interplay between NMDAR subunits (GluN1, GluN2A, and GluN2B) and STIM1/STIM2 with regard to intracellular trafficking remains unknown. Here, we found that the activation of NMDAR endocytosis led to an increase in STIM2–GluN2A and STIM2–GluN2B interactions in primary cortical neurons. STIM1 appeared to migrate from synaptic to extrasynaptic sites. STIM2 silencing inhibited post-activation NMDAR translocation from the plasma membrane and synaptic spines and increased NMDAR currents. Our findings reveal a novel molecular mechanism by which STIM2 regulates NMDAR synaptic trafficking by promoting NMDAR endocytosis after receptor overactivation, which may suggest protection against excessive uncontrolled Ca2+ influx through NMDARs.
Verbesserung der Versorgung von Patientinnen und Patienten mit spastischer Bewegungsstörung nach Schlaganfall
Authors: Lee John-Ih , Günther Albrecht , Paus Sebastian , Royl Georg , Weyen Ute , Wissel Jörg , Zeuner Kirsten E. , Klebe Stephan 
Published: November 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
In bis zu 43 % der Fälle entwickelt sich in Folge eines Schlaganfalls eine spastische Bewegungsstörung („spastic movement disorder“, SMD). Beim Vorliegen einer funktions- oder alltagsrelevanten SMD oder zur Vermeidung von Komplikationen wird die medikamentöse Behandlung einer fokalen, multifokalen und segmentalen spastischen Tonuserhöhung mit Botulinumneurotoxin A (BoNT-A) empfohlen. Versorgungsdaten dokumentieren jedoch einen Mangel an einer leitliniengerechten Versorgung in Deutschland.

Fragestellung
Ziel des berichteten Expertentreffens war es, Lösungswege aus der Fehl- und Unterversorgung für Patient*innen mit SMD zu diskutieren und eine Konsensusempfehlung zur Verbesserung der Versorgung zu formulieren.

Methoden
Auf einem im April 2022 durchgeführten Konsensus-Meeting diskutierten acht Expertinnen und Experten aus den Bereichen Neurologie, Physikalische Medizin und Rehabilitation die Ursachen der Fehl- und Unterversorgung und formulierten konsentierte Lösungsansätze.

Ergebnisse
Gründe der aktuellen Fehl- und Unterversorgung im SMD-Management in Deutschland umfassen ein unzureichendes Bewusstsein für SMD bei Ärztinnen und Ärzten, fehlende Behandlungskapazitäten, mangelnde Informationsübermittlung im Entlassungsmanagement und Personalmangel in spezialisierten stationären und ambulanten Therapiezentren. Das Gremium empfiehlt daher einen Patientenpfad, bei dem Betroffene mit SMD einer sachgerecht umgesetzten BoNT-A-Therapie in Kombination mit physikalischen Maßnahmen zugeführt werden.

Diskussion
Der empfohlene Versorgungspfad zur Anwendung bei Patient*innen nach Schlaganfall soll Versorgungslücken schließen und damit eine leitliniengerechte Behandlung der SMD nach Schlaganfall gewährleisten.
Quadriceps tendon malalignment is an independent anatomical deformity which is the primary abnormality associated with lateral facet patellofemoral joint osteoarthritis
Authors: Talbot Simon , Zordan Rachel , Bennett Kyle , Sasanelli Francesca , Griffith Andrew , Woodford Noel , Walter William L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurposeThe purposes of this study are to, firstly, develop techniques to accurately identify extensor mechanism malalignment by measuring the alignment of the quadriceps tendon (QTA) with computerized tomography (CT) scans. Secondly, to investigate correlations between QTA and lower limb bony anatomical variations within a representative normal population. Lastly, to evaluate the clinical significance of QTA by establishing its potential connection with lateral facet patellofemoral joint osteoarthritis (LFPFJOA).MethodCT scans were orientated to a mechanical axis reference frame and three techniques developed to measure the alignment of the quadriceps tendon. Multiple measurement of bony alignment from the hip to the ankle were performed on each scan. A series of 110 cadaveric CT scans were measured to determine normal values, reproducibility, and correlations with bony anatomy. Secondly, a comparison between 2 groups of 25 patients, 1 group with LFPFJOA and 1 group with isolated medial OA and no LFPFJOA.ResultsFrom the cadaveric study, it was determined that the alignment of the quadriceps tendon is on average 4.3° (SD 3.9) varus and the apex of the tendon is 9.1 mm (SD 7.7 mm) lateral to the trochlear groove and externally rotated 1.9° (SD 12.4°) from the centre of the femoral shaft. There was no association between the quadriceps tendon alignment and any other bony measurements including tibial tubercle trochlear groove distance (TTTG), coronal alignment, trochlear groove alignment and femoral neck anteversion. A lateralized QTA was significantly associated with LFPFJOA. QTA in the LFPFJOA group was 9.6° varus (SD 2.8°), 21.3 mm (SD 6.6) lateralised and 17.3° ER (SD 11°) compared to 5.5° (SD 2.3°), 10.7 mm (SD 4.9) and 3.3° (SD 7.2°), respectively, in the control group (p < 0.001). A significant association with LFPFJOA was also found for TTTG (17.2 mm (SD 5.7) vs 12.1 mm (SD 4.3), p < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis confirmed the QTA as having the stronger association with LFPFJOA than TTTG (AUC 0.87 to 0.92 for QTA vs 0.79 for TTTG).ConclusionThese studies have confirmed the ability to accurately determine QTA on CT scans. The normal values indicate that the QTA is highly variable and unrelated to bony anatomy. The comparative study has determined that QTA is clinically relevant and a lateralised QTA is the dominant predictor of severe LFPFJOA. This deformity should be considered when assessing patella maltracking associated with patella osteoarthritis, patella instability and arthroplasty.Level of evidenceIII (retrospective cohort study).