bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing Assisted Reproductive Outcomes in Women with Different Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Phenotypes Undergoing Frozen Embryo Transfer
Authors: Patel Anubhuti , Saraf Anviti , Rao Vyshnavi A. , Rao Kamini A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
Patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) have unique characteristics depending on its phenotype. Therefore, prediction of controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) response and assisted reproductive technique (ART) outcome in these becomes challenging.

Aims:
To assess the outcomes of assisted reproductive technology (ART) in various polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) phenotypes and to evaluate the predictive value of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and total testosterone on ART success. Clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) was measured as the primary outcome.

Settings and Design:
This was a prospective observational study conducted at a tertiary care centre.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 190 infertile women with PCOS (Rotterdam criteria) were enrolled and were subdivided into four phenotypes. Baseline screening and transvaginal scan were done. All patients underwent COS using antagonist protocol with recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone, and an agonist trigger was given for follicular maturation. One or two blastocysts were transferred in a frozen–thawed embryo transfer cycle. Luteal phase support was given with vaginal progesterone.

Statistical Analysis Used:
For quantitative variables, we employed the Kruskal-Wallis Test with post hoc Tukey’s analysis. For continuous or ordinal variables, the Mann-Whitney U test was utilized. The analysis of categorical data was conducted using the Chi-square (χ2) test with SPSS 21 software.

Results:
Phenotype A was the most prevalent (37%). CPR was the highest in phenotype D (57.7%), followed by phenotype C (53.06%), A (43%) and B (36%). The mean serum AMH level was the highest in phenotype A (9.7 ± 4.3 ng/dL) and the lowest in phenotype B (5.9 ± 1.8 ng/dL). The mean total testosterone level was 103 ± 15.68 ng/mL in Type A, 109.46 ± 37.08 ng/mL in Type B and 48.52 ± 17.07 ng/ml in Type D.

Conclusion:
Phenotype D showed higher CPR and lower miscarriage rate compared to other phenotypes (not significant) and was associated with good clinical outcome. No correlation could be established with serum AMH, total testosterone levels and CPR.
Effect of papaya extract (Carica papaya L.) on color changes of dental elements due to coffee extrinsic stain: An experimental laboratory study
Authors: Sofya Pocut A , Rahmayani Liana , Andriany Poppy , Zaqny Nyak A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Aim:
Papaya fruit was known to have papain enzymes that are able to break down the protein that makes up plaque, where extrinsic stains attach to teeth. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of papaya fruit extract (Carica papaya L.) on color change of denture elements due to coffee extrinsic stain.

Materials and Methods:
This study was an experimental laboratory using pre-test and post-test designs. The specimens used in this study were elements of the maxillary central incisor (24 acrylic resin dentures) that have been stained by coffee, totaling 6 specimens per group. The specimens were immersed for 9 days in papaya fruit extract with a concentration of 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. Measurement of the specimen color change was done visually before and after soaking papaya extract using Shade Guide Vita 3D Master. Statistical test was carried out with a confidence level of 95%.

Results:
The results showed that there was a significant color change of the denture elements after soaking papaya extract. The value color dimension changes to be brighter, while the hue and chroma have no significant changes. In the comparison test of four treatment groups with extract concentration (40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%). This study showed that the 60% concentration group had a greater influence on the change in color dimension value.

Conclusion:
Papaya fruit extract can affect the color change of acrylic resin denture elements that have undergone coffee staining. Immersion of denture elements in papaya fruit extract with a concentration of 60% had a greater effect on color brightness.
Uses and applications of the manual versus electronic toothbrush: A literature review
Authors: Castro Sofía , Garay Sedany , Espinoza-Carhuancho Fran , Alvitez-Temoche Daniel , Munive-Degregori Arnaldo , Barja-Ore John , Mayta-Tovalino Frank 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Aim:
The aim of this study was to describe the scientific literature on the use and applications of manual and electronic toothbrushes.

Materials and Methods:
An electronic search without date restriction was carried out in the PubMed and Scopus databases. The articles were selected, and their characteristics, objectives, and methods were analyzed using the following keywords: “manual toothbrush,” “electronic toothbrush,” “interdental brush,” “dental plaque,” “gingivitis,” “periodontitis” and “mechanical cleaning.” Ten relevant studies investigating the uses and applications of manual versus electronic toothbrushes were selected for this review.

Results:
The studies determined the efficacy of electronic and manual toothbrushes for the reduction of gingivitis and plaque, detailing the characteristics of the populations. Some studies evaluated the effectiveness of the two classes of brushes using different dental plaque indexes. One study determined plaque removal by comparing an interactive versus manual toothbrush, and two studies evaluated the effectiveness of the brushes in plaque reduction in a pediatric population. Based on the research articles, it was evident that some studies found no significant difference in biofilm removal in the use of electronic toothbrushes versus manual toothbrushes.

Conclusion:
In summary, it is not possible to give a conclusion because there is a discrepancy between the authors, and further studies are needed to corroborate and contrast the usefulness of manual and electronic toothbrushes.
Facilitated self-medication practice in pharmacies in combating oral health needs: A questionnaire-based study
Authors: Jogigowda Sanjay Chikkarasinakere , Patil Karthikeya , Gowda Bhumika , Doddawad Vidya Gowdappa , Doggalli Nagabhushana , K P Mahesh 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Aim:
Many dental patients seek symptomatic treatment at pharmacies due to the lack of awareness and cost of definitive treatments such as fillings, scaling, and root canal therapy. Pharmacists are increasingly facilitating dental health self-medication due to this trend. Thus, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of pharmacist-facilitated self-medication and medication dispensing for dental and oral health needs, as well as their perspectives and limitations.

Materials and Methods:
In this questionnaire-based study, 101 pharmacists were enrolled using a convenience sampling method. The questionnaire survey tool comprised 21 close-ended questions distributed under three sections: demographics, facilitated self-medication practice, and attitude toward it, providing us with a prevalence of pharmacist-facilitated self-medication and their perspective toward this practice. Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact probability test along with logistic regression was performed for statistical analysis of data.

Results:
The study found that 96% of pharmacists dispensed prescription and OTC dental drugs. Analgesics (76.2%), antipyretics (52.5%), and antibiotics (46.5%) were the most common medications dispensed by respondents for toothache. Mild problems, patient experience, and self-knowledge allowed for rational self-medication. The main argument against the practice was that dentists should solely prescribe dental medications as they need more definitive treatment rather than arbitrary consumption of antibiotic.

Conclusion:
This study reveals a high prevalence of facilitated self-medication with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs being the most commonly dispensed drug for oral health needs. Further studies with greater inclusive sample size are required to assess, monitor the effects of pharmacist-facilitated self-medication, and suggest amendments in pharmacy act for the benefit of both dental patients and community pharmacists.
Solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the gingiva—A case report with literature review
Authors: Baskar Pavithra , Appukuttan Devapriya , Crena Jasmine , Subramanian Sangeetha , Prakash PSG 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Extramedullary solitary plasmacytoma (EMP) is a plasma cell neoplasm involving the soft tissues without the involvement of the bone marrow. In this case report, we present an isolated soft tissue growth on the lingual gingiva of the left mandibular canine-premolar region diagnosed as EMP based on clinical, histological, and laboratory results. Orthopantomogram and occlusal radiographs showed no osteolytic lesions. Hematoxylin and Eosin staining showed sheets of inflammatory cells, predominantly atypical plasma cells with varying degrees of differentiation showing features of pleomorphism, and multinucleated giant cells with intervening collagen fibers. Positive immunoreactivity for CD56, CD138, and kappa light chain restriction were observed. Serum protein electrophoresis demonstrated an increase in IgA levels and immunofixation electrophoresis confirmed the presence of the M band in the IgG and kappa lanes, indicating monoclonal gammopathies. Based on the above findings, the case was diagnosed as EMP; the consultant pathologist, however, recommended excluding multiple myeloma.
Development of oral health program on knowledge and oral health literacy among students and families
Authors: Intarakamhang Ungsinun , Nurash Pariyawit , Kasevayuth Kasekarn 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Aim:
To develop a program on oral health literacy (OHL) and enhance oral health knowledge.

Materials and Methods:
The action research was designed to develop a learning program by 14 teachers and three dentists to implement for 180 high school students in grades 7 and 10, and 120 of their guardians. Random assignment was used to allocate three schools from regions. The data were collected by 54 items related to OHL with Cronbach α = 0.98 and the OH knowledge test of 36 items with reliability 0.65–0.78. The data were analyzed by t test and multivariate analysis of variance.

Results:
1) The teachers understood the role of being health education teachers which was related to the subject called OHL, 2) the teachers were granted an OH learning management program to be applied to health education subject for a semester, and 3) after the implement of the program integrated health education subject, it is found that the students had the OHL level as quite high, but lower than their guardians with mean 162.18 (SD = 22.97), and mean 167.42 (SD = 26.72), respectively. The results show that the guardians had significantly more OHL than students (t = 5.106, P = 0.025), and there was OH knowledge no different between students and their guardians. Students and guardians with few OH problems had higher OHL too (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
All participants had better OHL and knowledge. OHL management program will promote smart healthy students and families.
Computed Tomographic Assessment of the Pattern of Head Injuries in a Developing Country: A Retrospective Review in a University Teaching Hospital in Nigeria
Authors: Inah Grace Ben , Efanga Samuel Archibong , Akintomide Akintunde Olusijibomi , Edem Bassey Bassey , Akanle Olufemi James , Obiora Christiana Ifeyinwa 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
Globally, head injury (HI) constitutes a major cause of morbidity and mortality. In many developing countries, there is inadequate access to diagnostic computed tomography computed tomography (CT) scan for assessment of suspected cases of HI. This study was aimed at assessing the pattern of HI presentations in a referral health facility in a developing country setting.

Materials and Methods:
Retrospective review of CT scans done for suspected cases of HI seen for 12 months in a Nigerian University teaching hospital. Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used to identify factors associated with the severity of HI.

Results:
Seventy-nine cases of HI were seen. Most subjects were males (75, 94.9%) and within 21–30 years (31.6%). Majority of subjects (76.0%) had moderate-to-severe forms of HI. Road traffic accident (RTA) was the most common cause of HI (59, 74.7%). The most common pathology was hematoma (60, 75.9%) and was commonly in single locations (36, 60.0%). Skull fracture was the second-most common pathology (42, 53.2%) and was commonly in multiple locations. RTA, skull fracture, and multiple hematomas were associated with moderate-to-severe forms of HI.

Conclusion:
RTA was the most common cause of HI in the hospital. The incidence of HI was higher in males than females, who were largely in the most productive age group. The most common abnormalities were hematoma and skull fractures, and they were associated with severe forms of HI, thus, justifying the need for the availability and use of cranial CT scan in head trauma.
Treatment of amblyopia: an update
Authors: Gupta Swarna Biseria , Kashiv Yuri , Gaikwad Himanshu 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Amblyopia, the primary cause of one-sided vision impairment among children globally, occurs at a rate of 3.7%. It stems from early visual deprivation or inadequate focusing in one eye, creating an unevenness in visual information sent to the brain’s visual cortex. Consequently, vision diminishes in the affected eye, impacting the coordination between both eyes. When signals from one eye are unclear, the brain inhibits input from that eye, disrupting the visual pathway. Apart from impacting visual coordination, amblyopia can influence tasks like eye-hand coordination, reading, and an individual’s self-perception. Several therapies have emerged for treating amblyopia in both children and adults. Traditional treatments mainly penalized the stronger eye through patching or medicinal penalization. Yet, these methods have limitations concerning their effectiveness and patient comfort, affecting individuals and their families. Recent studies indicate that people with amblyopia retain binocular cortical mechanisms responsive to varying visual stimuli levels. As a result, a more practical approach might involve simultaneously stimulating both eyes to enhance vision in the weaker eye, diminish suppression, and bolster binocular vision.
Histopathological spectrum of ovarian tumors in tertiary care centre of central India
Authors: Pandey Varsha , Mangrulkar Kasturi , kant Hatgyan Kamal , Agrawal Apurva 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
Ovarian tumors are common, ranking third in frequency after cervical and uterine cancer. According to the World Ovarian Cancer Coalition Atlas 2018, India has the second-highest incidence of ovarian carcinoma worldwide. In Chhattisgarh, ovarian malignancy accounts for 5.21% of all malignancies in females.

Materials and Methods:
The present descriptive observational cross-sectional study encompassed 108 cases of ovarian tumors. A histopathological examination was done, and data was compiled and analyzed.

Observations and Results:
Among the 108 ovarian tumors, 59.25% were noted in women aged 40–59 years. The primary presenting symptom was abdominal pain, reported by 57.40% of the cases. The majority of ovarian tumors were unilateral, the right side being more common. Primary ovarian tumors constituted 91.66%, while 8.33% were classified as secondary or metastatic ovarian tumors. Of 108 cases, 55.5% were malignant, 40.7% were benign, and 3.7% were borderline tumors. Surface epithelial tumors accounted for 73.14% of the cases; germ cell tumors constituted 9.25%, sex cord-stromal tumors were 7.4%, and mesenchymal tumors were 1.85%. Among surface epithelial tumors, serous cystadenocarcinoma was most common. Mature cystic teratoma was the most common germ cell tumor, and granulosa cell tumor was the most common sex cord-stromal tumor.

Conclusion:
Ovarian tumors were more commonly seen in the peri and postmenopausal age group. Primary malignant epithelial tumors were the most common type of ovarian tumor. The histopathological evaluation of ovarian tumors remains the gold standard for definitive diagnosis.
Quasi-experimental study examining the impact of video-assisted teaching intervention on knowledge concerning aseptic dressing techniques among nursing student interns
Authors: Kukreti Aradhana , Jaimini Mayank , Pareek Shatrughan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
Severe infections, or wound infections, are acquired postsurgeries, leading to prolonged hospitalization and increased expenses for patients and hospitals. Aseptic dressings play a role in healing wounds by establishing a clean, moist, and breathable setting that promotes granulation and epithelialization. This method reduces infection risks, accelerates wound recovery, and lessens scarring. The research evaluates how video-guided instruction influences understanding of aseptic dressing methods specifically for infectious surgical wounds.

Materials and Methods:
A quantitative research method was employed using a preexperimental design known as a one-group pretest posttest approach. The study was conducted among 70 nursing interns selected from specific nursing schools in Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India. Participants were selected through a nonprobability sampling method. Data collection involved gathering demographic information and utilizing a self-structured knowledge questionnaire. The collected data underwent analysis through descriptive and inferential statistical methods for interpretation.

Results:
The current research demonstrated a notable disparity in nursing interns’ pretest and posttest knowledge scores concerning aseptic dressing techniques for surgical infectious wounds (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Video-assisted teaching programs had an impact on enhancing the understanding of aseptic dressing among nursing interns. This study could be a foundation for crafting a protocol or procedural manual for aseptic surgical wound dressing aligned with the institution’s policies.
Identification of novel stage-specific key biomarkers gene for early stage, advanced stage, and metastatic oral squamous cell carcinoma using systems biology approach
Authors: Choubey Jyotsna , Wolkenhauer Olaf , Chatterjee Tanushree 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackground:The present study aimed to identify biomarker genes associated with disease progression from an early and advanced stage to metastatic oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to explore their regulatory mechanism.Materials and Methods:Three microarray datasets, GSE85195, GSE78060, and GSE70604, were used for differential analysis using a limma package of R language. The thresholds for identifying differential expression analyses (DEGs) were an adjustedPvalue of 0.05 and a |log 2 fold change (FC)| >1. The final annotated genes were extracted by comparing the differentially expressed genes to disease-specific genes in DisGeNET. Further, gene prioritization was performed for DEGs. After that, prioritized DEGs were used to analyze functional enrichment using the database for annotation, visualization, and integrated discovery (DAVID) database. Furthermore, the prioritized DEGs were also used to construct protein–protein interaction (PPI) network using STRING database and visualized by the Cytoscape, and further analyzed by molecular complex detection (MCODE) and CytoHubba plugins to obtain essential hub genes and modules. Subsequently, the Kaplan–Meier plot was constructed for the hub gene using a publicly available dataset to analyze overall survival (OS) and to assess whether candidate molecules are prognosticators.Results:The study identified 10 hub genes for all three stages of OSCC. Top 10 highest-scored early-stage genes are AURKA, CDCA3, CDC45, CENPN, CDC6, MAD2L1, KIF4A, CDT1, PLK1, and CDC20; for advance stage, KIF4A, MAD2L1, AURKA, DTL, ESPL1, ECT2, CDC45, CDC20, CENPN, and CDC6; for metastatic stage, MFAP5, IRF6, P4HA2, COL11A2, COL10A1, LOXL2, BMP1, COL5A2, COL5A1, and ADAMTS14.Hub genes were enriched in the biological process associated gene ontology term: Positive regulation of the apoptotic process, positive regulation of cell proliferation, negative regulation of the apoptotic process, and angiogenesis Wnt signaling pathway, FoxO signaling pathway, and pathways in cancer. Except for ESPL1 and COL11A2, all hub genes were highly elevated in OSCC compared with normal tissues. According to the survival analysis results, low expression levels of CNPEN and MFAP5 were significantly linked to worse OSCC patients out of the 23 hub genes studied.Conclusion:Several putative biomarker genes were associated with OSCC patients’ staging and OS. Therefore, they may have clinical use as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Bioavailability predictions, pharmacokinetics and drug-likeness of bioactive compounds from Andrographis paniculata using Swiss ADME
Authors: Khare Soumya , Chatterjee Tanushree , Gupta Shailendra , Ashish Patel 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
Earlier research on Andrographis paniculata focused on documenting their bioactive compounds profiles and traditional use. Before making a drug-like substance prediction using information from in silico experimental models, the current work aimed to examine and analyze the ADMET properties. This study assessed the drug-likeness and ADMET characteristics of bioactive compounds from A. paniculata.

Materials and Methods:
The current study will be the first to use the free online tool Swiss ADME to report the ADME characteristics of A. paniculata. The ADME properties of 10 bioactive compounds from A. paniculata were screened, and the results were evaluated.

Results:
Six bioactive compounds were identified to have good gastrointestinal absorption and can penetrate the brain. These compounds include andrographolide, 14-Acetylandrographolide, Drf3188, Neoandrographolide, Isoandrographolide, and 3,19-O-diacetyl andrographolide. On the other hand, three of the bioactive compounds were found to show Ames mutagenicity: 19-O-Acetylandrographolide, 3,19-isopropylideneandrographolide, and 14-glycinylandrographolide hydrochloride. Except 5-Hydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavone, most of these substances do not serve as substrates for both P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and Cytochrome P-450 isoenzymes (CYP). Furthermore, all the compounds were found to pass the Lipinski rule of five, indicating their potential suitability as drug candidates.

Conclusion:
Swiss ADME has proven to be an effective, dependable, and straightforward method for determining the ADME characteristics of the bioactive compounds in A. paniculata. Based on the information, it was predicted that A. panicluata would be effective in managing the disease. To validate these findings, it is advisable to conduct further controlled experimental research exploring the bioactive compounds’ pharmacological effects.