bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of COVID‐19 on sperm quality and the prostaglandin and polyamine systems in the seminal fluid
Authors: Matzkin María Eugenia , Beguerie Celina , De Zuñiga Ignacio , Martinez Gustavo , Frungieri Mónica Beatriz 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe implications of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection on male fertility remain largely unknown. Besides their well‐known pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory actions, prostaglandins and polyamines are present in semen, where they play key roles in sperm quality.ObjectivesTo analyze semen parameters, oxidative profile and the seminal fluid prostaglandin and polyamine systems in samples collected from individuals without coronavirus disease 2019 diagnosis and men who recovered from coronavirus disease 2019.Materials and methodsThis study compared semen collected from men without positive coronavirus disease 2019 diagnosis with samples obtained from individuals 1–6 months and 7–30 months post SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Semen parameters, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, cyclooxygenase 2 expression by fluorescence immunocytochemistry and immunoblotting, prostaglandin levels by enzyme immunoassay, ornithine decarboxylase activity by a radioactive assay, and polyamine and acetylated polyamine levels by thin‐layer chromatography were assessed.ResultsIn both groups of semen samples from coronavirus disease 2019 recovered men, sperm vitality, total and progressive sperm motility, and putrescine levels were significantly decreased when compared with samples from the uninfected group. In contrast, lipid peroxidation, leukocyte‐associated cyclooxygenase 2 expression, and prostaglandin D2 levels were higher in semen from coronavirus disease 2019 recovered men than in samples from uninfected individuals. While sperm concentration and morphology, ornithine decarboxylase activity, and N‐acetylputrescine levels were statistically diminished in semen obtained up to 6 months after coronavirus disease 2019 recovery, these parameters remained unchanged when samples were collected 7–30 months after coronavirus disease 2019 recovery. Coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination did not show negative effects on any of the parameters evaluated.Discussion and conclusionOur work provides insights into the detrimental impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on several sperm parameters, in some cases, even more than a year after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, which would be accompanied by alterations in the seminal fluid prostaglandin and polyamine profiles. Therefore, future treatments targeting the prostaglandin and polyamine pathways in coronavirus disease 2019 recovered men could lead to a successful reinstatement of semen parameters.
Composition and affinities of glass from the Ma'agan Mikhael B shipwreck, Israel
Authors: Benzonelli Agnese , Natan Eyal , Gorin‐Rosen Yael , Freestone Ian C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMaterial recovered from the Ma'agan Mikhael B shipwreck, off the coast of northern Israel, includes a significant assemblage of glass, which appears to represent waste workshop material (cullet) collected for recycling. Twenty‐three samples were selected for analysis for major and minor elements using SEM‐EDS, to provide insight into the activities and dating of the ship. The glass corresponds to known primary glass types, comprising a high‐ and a low‐lime subgroup of Levantine 1 (Apollonia type), and Egypt 1b. The assemblage is likely to date to the early part of the eighth century CE and, in conjunction with the radiocarbon dating of the ship, gives a possible date range for the wreck of 710–740 C.E. All groups contain glass‐working waste, glass chunks, and vessel fragments, and the majority are likely to have been collected from one or more workshops. It is unclear whether this cargo represents the byproducts of several campaigns of a single workshop which used different consignments of raw glass, or material from different workshops, collected at different ports of call.
Love thy (Ukrainian) neighbour: Willingness to help refugees depends on their origin and is mediated by perceptions of similarity and threat
Authors: Sinclair Samantha , Granberg Mark , Nilsson Towe 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPrejudice and discrimination against minorities can be a powerful tool for populistic and reactionary political movements, and it is therefore crucial to study its determinants. The aim of this research is to develop the understanding of a possible mechanism of such discrimination: cultural distance. In a pre‐registered survey experiment with a between‐subjects design, we draw on the large increase in intra‐European refugee migration from Ukraine, to test whether refugees from another ongoing conflict in (culturally distant) Yemen are treated differently than (culturally similar) Ukrainian refugees by British participants (N = 1545). We measured stated willingness to help and to hire refugees. Moreover, the participants were offered the chance to donate their own earnings from survey participation to real charity drives aimed at the respective refugee groups. Thus, we are able to examine both stated and actual helping behaviours that captured both autonomy‐ and dependency‐oriented forms of helping. As expected, participants were more willing to help, hire and donate money to Ukrainian refugees, and these effects were mediated by higher perceived similarity and lower perceived threat from Ukrainians compared with Yemenis.
Quantitative prediction of CYP3A‐mediated drug–drug interactions by correctly estimating fraction metabolized using human liver chimeric mice
Authors: Miyake Taiji , Mochizuki Tatsuki , Nakagawa Toshito , Nakamura Mikiko , Emoto Chie , Komiyama Natsuko , Hirabayashi Manabu , Tsuruta Satoshi , Shimojo Tomofumi , Terao Kimio , Tachibana Tatsuhiko 
Published: October 2023

Background and PurposeFraction metabolized (fm) and fraction transported (ft) are important for understanding drug–drug interactions (DDIs) in drug discovery and development. However, current in vitro systems cannot accurately estimate in vivo fm due to inability to reflect the ft by efflux transporters (ft,efflux). This study demonstrates how CYP3A‐mediated DDI for CYP3A/P‐gp substrates can be predicted using Hu‐PXB mice as human liver chimeric mice.Experimental ApproachFor estimating human in vitro fm by CYP3A enzyme (fm,CYP3A,in vitro), six drugs, including CYP3A/P‐gp substrates (alprazolam, cyclosporine, docetaxel, midazolam, prednisolone, and theophylline) and human hepatocytes were incubated with or without ketoconazole as a CYP3A inhibitor. We calculated fm,CYP3A,in vitro based on hepatic intrinsic clearance. To estimate human in vivo fm,CYP3A (fm,CYP3A,in vivo), we collected information on clinical DDI caused by ketoconazole for these six drugs. We calculated fm,CYP3A,in vivo using the change of total clearance (CLtotal). For evaluating the human DDI predictability, the six drugs were administered intravenously to Hu‐PXB and SCID mice with or without ketoconazole. We calculated the change of CLtotal caused by ketoconazole. We compared the CLtotal change in humans with that in Hu‐PXB and SCID mice.Key ResultsThe fm,CYP3A,in vitro was overestimated compared to the fm,CYP3A,in vivo. Hu‐PXB mice showed much better correlation in the change of CLtotal with humans (R2 = 0.95) compared to SCID mice (R2 = 0.0058).Conclusions and ImplicationsCYP3A‐mediated DDI can be predicted by correctly estimating human fm,CYP3A,in vivo using Hu‐PXB mice. These mice could be useful predicting hepatic fm and ft,efflux.
Supersulfide biology and translational medicine for disease control
Authors: Barayeu Uladzimir , Sawa Tomohiro , Nishida Motohiro , Wei Fan‐Yan , Motohashi Hozumi , Akaike Takaaki 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFor decades, the major focus of redox biology has been oxygen, the most abundant element on Earth. Molecular oxygen functions as the final electron acceptor in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, contributing to energy production in aerobic organisms. In addition, oxygen‐derived reactive oxygen species including hydrogen peroxide and nitrogen free radicals, such as superoxide, hydroxyl radical and nitric oxide radical, undergo a complicated sequence of electron transfer reactions with other biomolecules, which lead to their modified physiological functions and diverse biological and pathophysiological consequences (e.g. oxidative stress). What is now evident is that oxygen accounts for only a small number of redox reactions in organisms and knowledge of biological redox reactions is still quite limited. This article reviews a new aspects of redox biology which is governed by redox‐active sulfur‐containing molecules—supersulfides. We define the term ‘supersulfides’ as sulfur species with catenated sulfur atoms. Supersulfides were determined to be abundant in all organisms, but their redox biological properties have remained largely unexplored. In fact, the unique chemical properties of supersulfides permit them to be readily ionized or radicalized, thereby allowing supersulfides to actively participate in redox reactions and antioxidant responses in cells. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that supersulfides are indispensable for fundamental biological processes such as energy production, nucleic acid metabolism, protein translation and others. Moreover, manipulation of supersulfide levels was beneficial for pathogenesis of various diseases. Thus, supersulfide biology has opened a new era of disease control that includes potential applications to clinical diagnosis, prevention and therapeutics of diseases.
Exploring antiproliferative activities and kinase profile of ortho‐substituted N‐(4‐(2‐(benzylamino)‐2‐oxoethyl)phenyl)benzamides
Authors: Muhammad Yosra A. , Omar Abdelsattar M. , Ahmed Farid , Khayat Maan T. , Malebari Azizah M. , Ibrahim Sara M. , Mass Shaza A. , Elfaky Mahmoud A. , El‐Araby Moustafa E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDesigning kinase inhibitors that bind to the substrate site of oncogenic kinases in a promising, albeit less explored, approach to kinase inhibition as it was sought to avoid the issue of untoward off‐target modulations. Our previously identified compound KAC‐12 with a meta‐chlorophenyl substitution was an example of this approach. While it showed confirmed inhibitory activity against cancer cells, this substitution shifted the profile of affected targets away from Src/tubulin which were seen with the parent KX‐01. In this paper, we synthesized compounds with ortho‐substitutions, and we investigated the effect of such substitutions on their cellular and subcellular activities. The compound N‐(4‐(2‐(benzylamino)‐2‐oxoethyl)phenyl)‐2‐(morpholine‐4‐carbonyl)benzamide (4) exhibited substantial activities against cell lines such HCT116 (IC50 of 0.97 μM) and IC50 HL60 (2.84 μM). Kinase profiling showed that compound 4 trended consistently with KAC‐12 as it did not affect Src, but it had more impact on members of the Src family of kinases (SFK) such as Yes, Hck, Fyn, Lck, and Lyn. Both compounds exhibited profound downregulation effects on Erk1/2 but differed on others such as GSK3α/β and C‐Jun. Collectively, this study further support to the hypothesis that small structural changes might bring higher changes in their kinome profile.
Effect of physical exercise in real‐world settings on executive function of atypical children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Shi Peng , Zhang Ziyun , Feng Xiaosu , Li Chenyang , Tang Yan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundImpaired executive function is a core symptom of cognitive impairment in atypical children. The purpose of this systematic review and meta‐analysis is to explore the effectiveness of interventions for exercise in real‐life settings on executive function in atypical children.MethodsThis study searched the CNKI, Wan‐Fang, VIP, WOS, PubMed, Scopus and EBSCO databases. Two researchers independently selected articles, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias for the included studies. Exercise activities were categorized into open and closed skills based on the unpredictability of the environmental context and into sequential and continuous skills based on the complexity of the movement structure. Based on these two classifications, motor skills were categorized into open‐sequential (e.g. basketball), open‐continuous (e.g. obstacle running), closed‐sequential (e.g. martial arts) and closed‐continuous (e.g. swimming) skills. The SPSS 25.0 and Stata 16.0 software were used for statistical analysis.ResultsA total of 19 articles (23 studies) were included in the systematic review and meta‐analysis. The participants were 990 atypical children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Physical exercise in real‐world settings had significant intervention effects on inhibitory control (SMD = −0.592, P = 0.033), working memory (SMD = −0.473, P = 0.034) and cognitive flexibility (SMD = −0.793, P = 0.014) in atypical children. Quantitative intervention characteristics and motor skill types moderated the effect of exercise on promoting executive function in atypical children. Overall, exercise for 30–50 min, three to seven times a week for less than 10 weeks is effective in improving executive function in atypical children. Open skills and sequential skills have a positive intervention effect on more dimensions of executive function in atypical children.ConclusionsPhysical exercise in real‐world settings has a positive intervention effect on executive function in atypical children. We should design interventions based on the personality traits of the subject and the type of exercise they are interested in to better promote improved executive function in atypical children.
Cultural heterogeneity, family dysfunction and inadequate school support: Ethnic disparities in bullying victimization within China's multiethnic regions
Authors: Wan Guowei , Zhang Linxiao , Deng Chen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFew studies have discussed ethnic disparities in school bullying victimization within developing countries. Based on an empirical survey of 1763 children in the Tibetan, Hui and Miao regions in China, this study reached two findings: First, there are significant ethnic disparities in bullying victimization within China's multiethnic regions, where a balanced representation of different cultures can contribute to reducing the risk of victimization. Second, the bullying victimization of different ethnicities is associated with microsystem factors, including the ethnic composition of a school, family dysfunction and children's aggressive behaviour, which displays more homogeneity than heterogeneity.
A systematic review of female sexual function after surgery for locally advanced or recurrent colorectal cancer – first step to filling the knowledge gap
Authors: Platteau Elke , Denys Andreas , Buncamper Marlon , van Ramshorst Gabrielle H. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimLocally advanced and recurrent colorectal cancer can require extended surgery, including reconstruction of the vagina. This complex surgery carries high morbidity. The aim of this study was to analyse the impact on female sexual functioning of pelvic exenteration (PE), with or without vaginal flap reconstruction, for locally advanced or recurrent colorectal cancer.MethodThe protocol with search strategies for PubMed (Medline), EMBASE and the Cochrane Library was registered in PROSPERO. Studies published from 2000 onwards meeting the inclusion criteria were considered. Study selection (Rayyan), data extraction, rating of evidence (GRADE) and risk of bias (ROBINS‐I) were conducted independently by two reviewers.ResultsSix of 2479 identified records were included: four retrospective and two cross‐sectional studies. Of all 860 patients included, PE was performed in 314 patients. Seven hundred and thirty‐two had rectal cancer (85.1%), 80 nonadvanced rectal cancer (10.9%), 393 locally advanced rectal cancer (53.7%) and 217 locally recurrent rectal cancer (29.6%); for 45 patients the type of rectal cancer remained unspecified (6.1%). Three studies reported on both preoperative and postoperative female sexual activity. Of the 153 women who were sexually active preoperatively, 64 (41.8%) reported postoperative sexual activity. The VRAM flap was used the most frequently and resulted in a sexual activity ratio of 18% postoperatively. Four studies, using six different validated questionnaires, reported mostly lowered sexual functioning postoperatively.ConclusionMost studies showed that PE can result in severe sexual dysfunction despite reconstruction. Future prospective studies can fill the current knowledge gap by assessing long‐term sexual outcomes in women.
Potential biomarkers for fatal outcome prognosis in a cohort of hospitalized COVID‐19 patients with pre‐existing comorbidities
Authors: Madera‐Sandoval Ruth Lizzeth , Cérbulo‐Vázquez Arturo , Arriaga‐Pizano Lourdes Andrea , Cabrera‐Rivera Graciela Libier , Basilio‐Gálvez Edna , Miranda‐Cruz Patricia Esther , García de la Rosa María Teresa , Prieto‐Chávez Jessica Lashkmin , Rivero‐Arredondo Silvia Vanessa , Cruz‐Cruz Alonso , Rodríguez‐Hernández Daniela , Salazar‐Ríos María Eugenia , Salazar‐Ríos Enrique , Serrano‐Molina Esli David , De Lira‐Barraza Roberto Carlos , Villanueva‐Compean Abel Humberto , Esquivel‐Pineda Alejandra , Ramírez‐Montes de Oca Rubén , Unzueta‐Marta Omar , Flores‐Padilla Guillermo , Anda‐Garay Juan Carlos , Sánchez‐Hurtado Luis Alejandro , Calleja‐Alarcón Salvador , Romero‐Gutiérrez Laura , Torres‐Rosas Rafael , Bonifaz Laura C. , Pelayo Rosana , Márquez‐Márquez Edna , López‐Macías Constantino I. I. I. Roberto , Ferat‐Osorio Eduardo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe difficulty in predicting fatal outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) impacts the general morbidity and mortality due to severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus 2 infection, as it wears out the hospital services that care for these patients. Unfortunately, in several of the candidates for prognostic biomarkers proposed, the predictive power is compromised when patients have pre‐existing comorbidities. A cohort of 147 patients hospitalized for severe COVID‐19 was included in a descriptive, observational, single‐center, and prospective study. Patients were recruited during the first COVID‐19 pandemic wave (April–November 2020). Data were collected from the clinical history whereas immunophenotyping by multiparameter flow cytometry analysis allowed us to assess the expression of surface markers on peripheral leucocyte. Patients were grouped according to the outcome in survivors or non‐survivors. The prognostic value of leucocyte, cytokines or HLA‐DR, CD39, and CD73 was calculated. Hypertension and chronic renal failure but not obesity and diabetes were conditions more frequent among the deceased patient group. Mixed hypercytokinemia, including inflammatory (IL‐6) and anti‐inflammatory (IL‐10) cytokines, was more evident in deceased patients. In the deceased patient group, lymphopenia with a higher neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) value was present. HLA‐DR expression and the percentage of CD39+ cells were higher than non‐COVID‐19 patients but remained similar despite the outcome. Receiver operating characteristic analysis and cutoff value of NLR (69.6%, 9.4), percentage NLR (pNLR; 71.1%, 13.6), and IL‐6 (79.7%, 135.2 pg/mL). The expression of HLA‐DR, CD39, and CD73, as many serum cytokines (other than IL‐6) and chemokines levels do not show prognostic potential, were compared to NLR and pNLR values.
Combined fine needle aspiration cytology and core needle biopsy in the same setting: A two‐years’ experience
Authors: Ciliberti Valeria , Maffei Elisabetta , D'Ardia Angela , Sabbatino Francesco , Serio Bianca , D'Antonio Antonio , Zeppa Pio , Caputo Alessandro 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionFine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) combined with rapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE) and ancillary techniques is an accurate diagnostic tool for many pathologies. However, in some cases, it may not be sufficient for actionable diagnoses or molecular testing, especially for cases that require large immunohistochemical panels or cases in which histological features are mandatory for the diagnosis. Core needle biopsy (CNB), on the contrary, provides samples that are suitable for histological features and sufficient for all ancillary studies. However, CNB is often performed by radiologists or clinicians without the direct participation of cytopathologists, which can lead to missed or delayed diagnoses. This study reports on the experience of combining FNAC and CNB performed in one setting by cytopathologists. The aim was to evaluate the impact of CNB on FNAC and the diagnostic efficiency of the combined procedures.Materials and MethodsOne hundred forty‐two FNAC and CNB procedures performed in the same setting over a period of 2 years were analysed. The FNAC diagnoses were compared and integrated with the subsequent CNB diagnoses. The impact of CNB was categorized as follows: non‐contributory, in cases of inadequate samples; confirmed, when the CNB and FNAC diagnoses were the same; improved, when the CNB diagnosis was consistent with the FNAC diagnosis and further specified the corresponding entity; allowed, when CNB produced a diagnosis that could not be reached by FNAC; changed, when the CNB changed the previous FNAC diagnosis.ResultsCNB confirmed the FNAC diagnosis in 40.1% of cases (n = 57/142). CNB improved the FNAC diagnosis in 47.2% of cases (n = 67/142). CNB allowed a diagnosis that could not be performed on FNAC in 2.1% of cases (n = 3/142). CNB changed a previous FNAC diagnosis in 2.1% of cases (n = 3/142). CNB was non‐contributory in 8.4% of cases (n = 12/142). CNB produced a positive impact on the whole diagnostic procedure in 51.4% of total cases (n = 73/142). The combined FNAC and CNB resulted in actionable diagnoses in 91.5% of all cases (n = 130/142). A complete molecular assessment was successfully performed in 14.7% of cases (n = 21/142) utilizing either FNAC or CNB material.ConclusionsThe combined use of FNAC and CNB in one setting improves the diagnostic accuracy of both procedures. This approach exploits the advantages of each procedure, enhancing the accuracy of the final diagnosis.
Medicolegal aspects of domestic violence against children
Authors: Maimon‐Blau Inbal 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe routine of the dental profession exposes dentists not only to medical challenges but also to ethical and legal ones. Compared to other physicians, dentists are more likely to encounter children who are victims of domestic violence. This reality exposes them to legal liability due to the reporting obligations and the risk of misdiagnosing injuries. This paper aims to examine the importance of dentists in diagnosing injuries to children caused by domestic violence and the inherent dangers of failing to make such a diagnosis.
Climate dependence of the macrofaunal effect on litter decomposition—A global meta‐regression analysis
Authors: Sagi Nevo , Hawlena Dror 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLitter decomposition by microorganisms and animals is influenced by climate and has been found to be higher in warm and wet than in cold and dry biomes. We, however, hypothesized that the macrofaunal effect on decomposition should increase with temperature and aridity since larger animals are more tolerant to aridity than smaller organisms. This hypothesis was supported by our global analysis of macrofauna exclusion studies. Macrofauna increased litter mass loss on average by 40%, twofold higher than the highest previous estimation of macrofaunal effect on decomposition. The strongest effect was found in subtropical deserts where faunal decomposition had not been considered important. Our results highlight the need to consider animal size when exploring climate dependence of faunal decomposition, and the disproportionately large role of macrofauna in regulating litter decomposition in warm drylands. This new realization is critical for understanding element cycling in the face of global warming and aridification.