bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical properties of green asparagus
Authors: Rodriguez‐Arcos Rocio C , Smith Andrew C , Waldron Keith W 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe mechanical properties of three sections (upper, middle and lower) of the spears of green asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) were investigated as affected by storage and cooking. A range of methods based on cutting, compression and puncture was employed to measure mechanical properties of spear sections. A transverse puncture test was the most suitable for measuring mechanical properties of fresh and cooked spear sections, and it was observed that strength increased along the spear from the upper to the lower section of fresh asparagus. Postharvest storage resulted in strengthening, mainly located in the last portion of the stem. A softening phenomenon was detected in every section as a consequence of cooking. The results of a tensile test on two different tissue types separated from the middle and lower portions of the stem showed that the external tissues were stronger and stiffer than the internal tissues, and both increased in strength and stiffness after 3 days of storage. However, the effect of cooking was different: while the external tissues decreased in stiffness and strength, as expected, a significant increase was observed for the internal tissues of the stem.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Yield, characteristics and composition of banana juice extracted by the enzymatic and mechanical methods
Authors: Kyamuhangire William , Myhre Hilde , Sørensen Hege T , Pehrson Robert 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA comparative study of the enzymatic and mechanical banana juice extraction methods and the respective juices produced was carried out using Kayinja bananas (ABB genotype) imported from Uganda. In the enzymatic extraction process, macerated ripe banana pulp was incubated with a commercial enzyme preparation (Pectinex Ultra SP‐L) at 50 °C for 2 h. In the mechanical extraction process the ripe banana pulp was mixed with stretched strips of polythene and worked with a dough mixer at room temperature for 20 min (on average) until the juice appeared. Significantly (p < 0.05) higher ‘pure’ juice yield (604 g kg−1 pulp) was obtained with the enzymatic method than with the mechanical method (541 g kg−1 pulp). However, adding water to the spent pulp from the mechanical process and extracting dilute juice improved the juice yield to 757 g kg−1 pulp. The enzyme‐extracted juice had significantly (p < 0.05) higher soluble solids, titratable acidity, fructose, glucose, total nitrogen, density and mineral potassium. However, the mechanically extracted juice had significantly higher sucrose, pH and viscosity. Although the mechanical extraction process suffers from occasional juice extraction failures, it offers an opportunity to extract banana juice without excessive energy expenditure, and the juice produced is wholesome with a superior flavour to that produced by the enzymatic method.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Relationship between the enzymatic determination of starch and the starch iodine index in two varieties of cider apple
Authors: Travers Isabelle , Jacquet Alain , Brisset Adélaïde , Maite Claire 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMonitoring the hydrolysis or disappearance of starch by the starch iodine test is a simple procedure for determining the maturity of cider apples, but it does not indicate the exact amount of starch present. So far, studies of starch in apples have dealt exclusively with dessert apples. In this paper the relationship between the visual starch index, the dark‐coloured surface area and the real starch content was studied in two varieties of cider apple commonly used in Normandy (France). Starch determination in cider apples required adapting the protocol provided by the Boehringer enzymatic kit. The work led to proposing a simplified index with five scales instead of 10. This index gives the correspondences between the new and old scales as well as the probable starch contents for each new scale.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Characterisation of the casein fraction of Ibérico cheese by electrophoretic techniques
Authors: Molina Elena , Ramos Mercedes , Amigo Lourdes 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe physicochemical characteristics of Ibérico cheese, a semi‐hard Spanish variety manufactured from mixtures of cow's, ewe's and goat's milk, were studied. The casein fraction and breakdown products of 6‐month‐old cheeses were characterised by various electrophoretic techniques: urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (urea‐PAGE) at alkaline pH, isoelectric focusing (IEF) and two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2DE). Proteins were separated in 2DE according to their charge/mass ratio by urea‐PAGE at alkaline pH in the first dimension and according to their isoelectric point by IEF in the second dimension. Some individual bands considered homogeneous by urea‐PAGE at alkaline pH (ie different grades of phosphorylation of αs1‐casein and αs2‐casein) or by IEF (ie overlapping of several bands of αs2‐casein with γ‐casein bands) were found to be complex mixtures of casein components by 2DE. The two‐dimensional electrophoretic pattern was characteristic of the milk of each animal species included in Ibérico cheese. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) was also used to study the Ibérico cheeses. The high resolution of this technique allowed the identification of the main caseins of the different species (ie para‐κ‐casein, β‐casein, γ2‐casein and γ3‐casein).© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Sentinel node biopsy for breast cancer: Does the number of sentinel nodes removed have an impact on the accuracy of finding a positive node?
Authors: Schrenk Peter , Rehberger Wolfgang , Shamiyeh Andreas , Wayand Wolfgang 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe number of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) removed during biopsy may have an impact on the accuracy of finding a positive SLN. This study investigated various factors to determine if they had any significant correlation with the number of SLNs found during biopsy. In patients with positive SLNs, the nodes were then analyzed to determine which SLN contained metastasis.MethodsFor 263 patients with breast cancer who successfully underwent SLN biopsy, parameters such as tumor size, histologic characteristics, differentiation, and receptor status, patient age, breast quadrant, type of surgery, mapping with blue dye only or with radiocolloid, and whether biopsy was performed before or after tumorectomy were prospectively collected. These factors were analyzed to determine whether they had any significant correlation to the number of removed lymph nodes. Positive SLNs were ranked in the order they were removed and examined for which node contained the metastasis.ResultsDuring biopsy, a mean of 1.8 (range, 1–5) SLNs were found. The SLNs were negative in 158 patients and positive in 105. The number of SLNs removed was comparable between node‐negative and node‐positive patients, and none of the parameters analyzed was significantly related to the number of SLNs removed. Of the 105 patients with a positive SLN, the first SLN independently predicted the pathologic status of the axilla in 96 patients (91.4%; 95% CI 86.1–96.8), and the first and second SLN independently predicted the status in 104 patients (99%; 95% CI 97.2–100). Only one of 105 patients had metastasis in the third SLN removed.ConclusionThe pathologic status of the axilla was independently determined by removal of the first or first and second SLN in 99% of patients; removal of more than three SLNs did not increase the accuracy of finding a positive node. J. Surg. Oncol. 2002;80:130–136. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tumor response to arterial embolization hyperthermia and direct injection hyperthermia in a rabbit liver tumor model
Authors: Moroz Paul , Jones Stephen K. , Gray Bruce N. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesIt is possible to arterially embolize or directly inject liver tumors in small animal models with ferromagnetic particles that generate hysteretic heating on exposure to an alternating magnetic field. The objective of this study was to compare the response of liver tumors to arterial embolization hyperthermia (AEH) and direct injection hyperthermia (DIH).MethodsTen rabbits containing experimental hepatic tumors were treated with AEH, and a second group of ten rabbits were treated with DIH. The tumors of both groups were heated to 43° to 50°C for 20 minutes. Tumor response, which was determined by measuring change in tumor volume and by comparison of tumor mass after treatment with the mass of untreated control tumors of the same age, was assessed 14 days after treatment.ResultsAll tumors treated with AEH decreased in volume by 50% to 94% (P = 0.005), and their average mass (median 1.73 gm) was significantly less than that of untreated control tumors (median 8.01 gm, n = 20; P < 0.001). Three of the treated tumors were completely necrotic, while the remainder were at least 80% necrotic. Nine of the ten tumors treated with DIH increased in volume by at least 143% (P = 0.01), and their average mass (median 5.68 gm) was not significantly different from that of the untreated control tumors (P = 0.56).ConclusionThese results indicate that AEH is more effective than DIH at moderately elevated temperatures. This is probably because the more widespread particle distribution that can be achieved using arterial embolization results in more extensive and complete treatment of the tumor.J. Surg. Oncol. 2002;80:149–156. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of typographic factors in advertising‐based persuasion: A general model and initial empirical tests
Authors: McCarthy Michael S. , Mothersbaugh David L. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAdvertisers are constantly seeking ways to increase the persuasive power of their ads. To that end, advertisers are encouraged to match their advertising's executional elements (e.g., spokespersons, visuals, etc.) with their consumer's motivation, opportunity, and ability (MOA) to process brand information from advertising. A less‐considered approach is to select executional elements that will increase consumer motivation, opportunity, and ability. Following this approach, the current study examines typography, a potentially critical but relatively underinvestigated executional element. Typography is a major executional element of word‐driven advertising (e.g., print and internet), and has the potential to significantly influence motivation, opportunity, and ability to process advertising messages. Given the potential importance of typography, it is surprising how little research has been conducted to examine its effects in a persuasion context. One reason for this paucity of research may be the lack of an organizing framework delineating the macrolevel relationships between typographic dimensions, typographic outcomes, and the effects of those outcomes on consumer MOA to process advertising. Therefore, the current study develops a general model of typographic effects in advertising‐based persuasion and then tests select portions of that model empirically. The findings indicate that not only is typography capable of affecting consumer ability to process ad‐based brand information, but that the effects of various typographic characteristics are highly interactive. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sleep disorders in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Kumar Suresh , Bhatia Manvir , Behari Madhuri 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe sought to estimate the frequency and nature of sleep disturbances in Indian Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. One hundred forty nine consecutive PD patients attending the Movement Disorders Clinic of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India and 115 age‐matched healthy controls participated. After clinical evaluation, sleep assessment was done using a 23‐question, validated sleep questionnaire. Mean age of PD patients and the duration of illness were 58.37 (S.D. 10.45) years and 5.7 (S.D. 3.85) years, respectively. The mean age of the controls was 56.50 (S.D. 11.45) years (P > 0.05). Sleep problems were seen in 63 (42%) PD patients compared to 12% of controls. These were: insomnia in 32%, nightmares in 32%, and excessive day time sleepiness in 15% of PD patients as compared with 5%, 5% and 6%, respectively, in controls (P < 0.025). Presence of nightmares was significantly associated with higher Hoehn and Yahr score (P < 0.002), high unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS) Part I score (P < 0.000) and levodopa dose (P < 0 .025). Excessive daytime sleepiness correlated with higher Hoehn and Yahr stage (P < 0.004), and levodopa dose (P < 0.040). The sleep latency was longer in PD patients as compared to controls (P < 0.000). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed association of sleep disturbances with UPDRS Part III, Schwab and England score, levodopa dose, rigidity score, and bradykinesia score. Sleep problems are much more common in PD patients compared to controls (P < 0.001), and correlate with increased severity of disease. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Case‐control study of estrogen receptor gene polymorphisms in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Maraganore Demetrius M. , Farrer Matthew J. , McDonnell Shannon K. , Elbaz Alexis , Schaid Daniel J. , Hardy John A. , Rocca Walter A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe investigated the association of Parkinson's disease (PD) with two estrogen receptor gene polymorphisms. In a sample of 319 unrelated PD cases and 196 control subjects including both men and women, we observed no association of PD with the estrogen receptor genotypes derived from XbaI and PvuII digests. Analyses restricted to women or to cases and controls of European origin yielded similar findings. Further analyses stratified by age at examination or by family history did not show associations. While exogenous and endogenous estrogen may modify the risk of PD in women, the two estrogen receptor gene polymorphisms considered here do not seem to contribute to PD susceptibility. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Existence and asymptotic behaviour of solutions for a class of quasi‐linear evolution equations with non‐linear damping and source terms
Authors: Zhijian Yang 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe consider a class of quasi‐linear evolution equations with non‐linear damping and source terms arising from the models of non‐linear viscoelasticity. By a Galerkin approximation scheme combined with the potential well method we prove that when m<p, where m(⩾0) and p are, respectively, the growth orders of the non‐linear strain terms and the source term, under appropriate conditions, the initial boundary value problem of the above‐mentioned equations admits global weak solutions and the solutions decay to zero as t→∞. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microstrip filter design using FDTD and neural networks
Authors: Banciu M. G. , Ambikairajah E. , Ramer R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA new design technique using the FDTD method and neural networks is applied to a microstrip filter. The total design time is reduced by two means. First, an iterative ARMA signal estimation technique is utilized to reduce the computation time for each FDTD run. Second, the number of FDTD simulations is decreased with the use of the device model provided by a neural network with the ARMA coefficients at the output. The trained network was then incorporated to an optimization procedure for a microstrip filter design. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 219–224, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10422
Characterization of monolithic spiral inductor using neural networks
Authors: Ouchar A. , R. Aksas  , Baudrand H. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe characterization of a monolithic spiral inductor (MSI) by using a multilayer neural network approach is presented in this Letter. The inductance, physical, and geometrical parameters are extracted in order to perform a full characterization of MSI. A three‐layer neural network was used for accurate representation. The results obtained by using neural networks are compared with measuredSparameters of typical MSI. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 299–302, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10442
Evolving concepts of management of febrile neutropenia in children with cancer
Authors: Orudjev Elmar , Lange Beverly J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundRecent investigations of febrile neutropenia in pediatric cancer patients have identified subsets of low‐risk patients who can be managed with less antibiotic therapy than previously recommended standards.Methods and MaterialsPubMed and Medline were searched for prospective trials and reviews of febrile neutropenia in children. Magnitude and duration of fever and neutropenia, comorbidities, and therapeutic strategies were examined.ResultsTwenty‐seven prospective trials and five reviews were identified. The child with cancer and low‐risk febrile neutropenia is clinically well and afebrile within 24–96 hr of antibiotic therapy and has evidence of marrow recovery with a rising phagocyte count. Disqualifying comorbidities include leukemia at diagnosis or in relapse, uncontrolled cancer, age under 1 year, medical condition(s) that would otherwise require hospitalization and social or economic conditions that may potentially compromise access to care or compliance. Therapeutic strategies include parenteral or oral antibiotics in the hospital with early discharge or parenteral antibiotics in the outpatient setting followed by oral or parenteral therapy and daily reassessment. Although as many as 25% of low‐risk patients require modification of therapy and/or hospitalization, life‐threatening or fatal infection is exceptional.ConclusionOne‐third to one‐half the children with febrile neutropenia are at low‐risk of serious infection. In the context of clinic trials, they can be safely managed with inpatient or outpatient strategies that maintain close follow‐up and reduce the burden of antibiotic therapy. Adoption of these alternative strategies as the standard of care should proceed with caution guided by written protocols. Med Pediatr Oncol 2002;39:77–85. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Noise and motion correction in dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI for analysis of atherosclerotic lesions
Authors: Kerwin W.S. , Cai J. , Yuan C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI of atherosclerotic vessels after contrast agent injection may provide unique information regarding lesion structure and vulnerability. The high‐resolution images necessary for viewing lesion substructures, however, are often corrupted by patient motion and low signal‐to‐noise ratios, making pixel‐level analyses difficult. This article presents a postprocessing method that enables pixel‐level analysis of dynamic images by eliminating motion and enhancing image quality. Noise and motion correction are performed using optimal statistical methods under the assumption that noise and contrast agent dynamics are random processes. The method is demonstrated and validated on dynamic images of atherosclerotic plaques in human carotid arteries. Magn Reson Med 47:1211–1217, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantification of spinal cord atrophy from magnetic resonance images via a B‐spline active surface model
Authors: Coulon O. , Hickman S.J. , Parker G.J. , Barker G.J. , Miller D.H. , Arridge S.R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA method is presented that aims at segmenting and measuring the surface of the spinal cord from MR images in order to detect and quantify atrophy. A semiautomatic segmentation with very little intervention from an operator is proposed. It is based on the optimization of a B‐spline active surface. The method allows for the computation of orthogonal cross‐sections at any level along the cord, from which measurements are derived, such as cross‐sectional area or curvature. An evaluation of the accuracy and reproducibility of the method is presented. Magn Reson Med 47:1176–1185, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simultaneous perfusion and BOLD imaging using reverse spiral scanning at 3T: Characterization of functional contrast and susceptibility artifacts
Authors: Yang Yihong , Gu Hong , Zhan Wang , Xu Su , Silbersweig David A. , Stern Emily 
Published: October 2002

AbstractReverse spiral scanning with arterial spin‐labeling was developed at 3T to simultaneously detect perfusion and BOLD signals in the brain by subtracting or adding the control and labeled images, respectively, in the same dataset. BOLD contrast was improved with the longer effective echo time achieved in the reverse spiral scan compared to conventional forward spiral scans. Susceptibility artifacts near air–tissue interfaces in the brain were substantially reduced in the reverse spiral images due to their early data acquisition time and, hence, less signal attenuation. Brain activation experiments with the reverse spiral scan were performed on normal subjects and were compared to forward spiral imaging in the same subjects. The experiments demonstrated that reverse spiral imaging was able to detect perfusion and BOLD signals simultaneously and reliably, even in the brain regions with severe susceptibility‐induced local gradients, while forward spiral scans were either not optimal for detecting the two functional signals at the same time or were vulnerable to susceptibility artifacts. Magn Reson Med 48:278–289, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitative measurement of regional lung ventilation using 3He MRI
Authors: Deninger Anselm J. , Månsson Sven , Petersson J. Stefan , Pettersson Göran , Magnusson Peter , Svensson Jonas , Fridlund Björn , Hansson Georg , Erjefeldt Ingrid , Wollmer Per , Golman Klaes 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA new strategy for a quantitative measurement of regional pulmonary ventilation using hyperpolarized helium‐3 (3He) MRI has been developed. The method employs the build‐up of the signal intensity after a variable number of 3He breaths. A mathematical model of the signal dynamics is presented, from which the local ventilation, defined as the fraction of gas exchanged per breath within a given volume, is calculated. The model was used to create ventilation maps of coronal slices of guinea pig lungs. Ventilation values very close to 1 were found in the trachea and the major airways. In the lung parenchyma, regions adjacent to the hilum showed values of 0.6–0.8, whereas 0.2–0.4 was measured in peripheral regions. Monte Carlo simulations were used to investigate the accuracy of the method and its limitations. The simulations revealed that, at presently attainable signal‐to‐noise ratios, the ventilation parameter can be determined with a relative uncertainty of <5% over a wide range of values. Magn Reson Med 48:223–232, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.