bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The performance of material management in health care organizations
Authors: Dacosta‐Claro Ivan 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis paper studies the hospital supply chain. The analysis of the operational and financial data of hospital administrative structures has permitted the discovery of the characteristics of work carried out by the employees and the different strategies used by the managers. Firstly, hospital supply chains must be classified into two groups influenced by medical factors (short‐term and long‐term hospitals). Secondly, two different management approaches can be observed when the supply chain operations are analysed. The first approach assigns a larger budget priority to inventory control, packages reception and internal distribution. Thus, the purchasing services have relatively fewer resources. In the second approach, contract negotiation and product ordering processes are enforced by the deployment of, relatively, more personnel. In both cases, the central store service performs merchandise reception and distribution according to the strategies determined by the purchasing service. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Depression and practice guidelines
Authors: Mcintyre John S 
Published: January 2005

AbstractOver the past two decades there have been great advances in the understanding of depression and in the development of pharmacological agents and psychosocial treatments that have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of this common and disabling illness. Unfortunately, this knowledge and evidence is not consistently translated into actual treatment, and depression remains undiagnosed in a large percentage of patients, and when it is accurately diagnosed, it often is suboptimally treated.The frequent failure to properly diagnose depression may be due to the continuing stigma of mental illness, the persistence of the biomedical, rather than the biopsychosocial, paradigm of illness and treatment, educational issues and the time constraints in the typical medical practice. The suboptimal treatment may be due to all of these issues plus the difficulty in changing physician behaviours even when there exists much evidence that would seem to dictate such a change. The development of a criteria‐based nomenclature and the subsequent development and dissemination of evidence‐based practice guidelines addresses some of these issues. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lack of association between joint hyperlaxity and, I: panic disorder, and II: reactivity to carbon dioxide in healthy volunteers
Authors: Benjamin Jonathan , Ben‐Zion Itzhak Z , Dannon Pinhas , Schreiber Shaul , Meiri Gal , Ofek Andre , Palatnik Alex 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis study attempted to replicate previous reports of associations between panic disorder and joint hyperlaxity. The authors also examined possible associations between reacitivity to carbon dioxide (CO2), a model for panic vulnerability, and hyperlaxity in healthy volunteers. One hundred and one patients with DSM‐IV panic disorder and 39 healthy volunteers were assessed for hyperlaxity by Beighton's criteria. Healthy volunteers also received two vital capacity inhalations of CO2. Thirteen (13%) patients had five or more hyperlax joints. This rate did not differ from that in the healthy volunteers. Anxiety in healthy volunteers, as measured by the NIMH self‐rating scale, DSM‐IV panic symptom scores, and 100 mm visual analog scales of anxiety, increased after CO2 from a mean of 1.8 to 2.8 (not significant); from 0.5 to 4 ( p < 0.001) and from 8.7 to 11.6 mm ( p < 0.1), respectively. There were no associations between responses to CO2 and hyperlaxity. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative efficacy of zolpidem and temazepam in transient insomnia
Authors: Erman Milton K. , Erwin Charles W. , Gengo Francis M. , Jamieson Andrew O. , Lemmi Helio , Mahowald Mark W. , Regestein Quentin R. , Roth Thomas , Roth‐Schechter Barbara , Scharf Martin B. , Vogel Gerald W. , Walsh James K. , Ware J. Catesby 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis study compared hypnotic effects of zolpidem 10 mg, temazepam 15 mg and placebo in healthy adults. Two factors expected to promote insomnia, the ‘first night effect’ and a 2‐hour phase advance, were combined in a single night laboratory‐based double‐blinded protocol. This was a multi‐center study, with data collected in 13 sleep laboratories. Subjects with normal sleep histories and without prior sleep laboratory experience were randomly assigned to treatment groups. Medications were administered 15 min before lights out, with polysomnographic monitoring for 7.5 h. Subjective questionnaires and performance tests, digit symbol substitution test (DSST) and symbol copying test (SCT), were administered at study entry and after arising. 630 subjects completed the study and provided data analyzed using repeated measures ANOVAs. Neither agent significantly reduced objective sleep latency relative to placebo. Zolpidem reduced awakenings and wake after sleep onset (WASO); temazepam did not. Both agents improved sleep efficiency and most subjective sleep measures relative to placebo, with zolpidem superior for five of six subjective outcome measures compared to temazepam. SCT, morning sleepiness and morning concentration were not altered by any treatment. Zolpidem significantly reduced morning DSST performance; temazepam did not. Zolpidem 10 mg provided greater subjective hypnotic efficacy than temazepam 15 mg in this model of transient insomnia, with reduced polysomnographic awakenings and WASO. Impairment of DSST was seen with zolpidem but not temazepam. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sleep laboratory studies in periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD) patients as compared with normals and acute effects of ropinirole
Authors: Saletu M. , Anderer P. , Saletu B. , Hauer C. , Mandl M. , Semler B. , Saletu‐Zyhlarz G. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractPeriodic limb movement disorder (PLMD) occurs in a variety of sleep disorders and can cause insomnia as well as hypersomnia with daytime somnolence. The aim of this study was to investigate 12 untreated PLMD patients as compared with 12 normal controls and to measure the acute effects of 0.5 mg ropinirole (Requip®) – a non‐ergoline dopamine agonist – as compared with placebo. In three nights (adaptation, placebo, ropinirole night) objective and subjective sleep and awakening quality were evaluated. In the target variable ‘periodic leg movements per hour of sleep’ (PLM/hTST) PLMD patients showed an increased value of 42/h (normal 0–5/h) with a greater number of arousals due to periodic leg movements (PLM) in sleep. They further demonstrated an increased number of awakenings, sleep stage S1, S4, stage shifts and decreased S2, but there were no significant differences concerning total sleep time, sleep efficiency (SE), subjective sleep quality and morning measures of mood, drive and drowsiness. However, measures of attention variability, numerical memory, fine motor activity and reaction time performance were impaired. Ropinirole 0.5 mg was shown to significantly improve the index PLM/hTST by 64% and arousals due to PLM, increase spontaneous arousals, REM‐latency, stage 2 and stage shifts and decrease SREM. In the morning attention variability was attenuated and numerical memory augmented. Thus, ropinirole improved some sleep architecture and early morning measures of performance but specifically all PLM variables, which suggests a dopaminergic pathogenesis in PLMD. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strategies for the rapid treatment of depression
Authors: Miller Frederick E. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to review current literature relating to the determination of the time course of antidepressant effects. Further, this work explores studies examining the safety and effectiveness of pharmacological techniques for accelerating the therapeutic effects of antidepressant medication. A review of the literature pertaining to strategies for accelerating antidepressant medication effects was accomplished using the MEDLINE database, employing the key title words, antidepressant, rapid, and accelerating. A preponderance of evidence suggests that there is a multiple week latency for the onset of action of antidepressant medications. This latency appears to apply to virtually all standard antidepressants and may reflect slow adaptive changes to the inciting event of increased monoamine levels. Several strategies have received attention as potential strategies with which to accelerate the therapeutic effects of antidepressant medications. These include the use of high initial doses of some agents and also the use of initial augmentation strategies. Specifically, studies exist suggesting the acceleration of antidepressant effects using high initial doses of tricyclic antidepressants or venlafaxine, as well as the potential for acceleration by using initial augmentation with psychostimulants, lithium, or pindolol. Considering the morbidity and mortality associated with severe depression, a critical need exist for the exploration of ways in which to achieve antidepressant effects more quickly. A number of preliminary studies suggest strategies for the rapid treatment of depression, each with an apparent high degree of safety. Further investigations in more carefully defined patient populations and utilizing advances in the techniques for assessing antidepressant onset are needed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neuroprotective effects of low‐doses of aspirin
Authors: Persegani C. , Russo P. , Lugaresi E. , Nicolini M. , Torlini M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAspirin appears to have a neuroprotective role against glutamate excitotoxicity. In fact, recent animal studies have demonstrated the neuroprotective role of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) against glutamatergic excitants. It has been pointed out that ASA is neuroprotective against hypoxic hypoxia, chemical hypoxia and also delays the decline of intracellular ATP. Prostaglandins may cause convulsions and high‐doses of aspirin appear to protect neurons from excitotoxicity. A case is reported of a woman whose electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities reversed and whose psychological symptomatology regressed after treatment with low‐doses of aspirin. This appears to be the first description of a disappearance of EEG abnormalities with low‐doses of aspirin. The neuroprotective effect of ASA could be of extreme importance in metabolic neuronal disfunction, reversing both clinical symptoms and EEG genetic anomalies: it is probably due to transient neurotransmitter concentration disequilibrium caused by subclinical hypoxic cortical suffering. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glutamate and its role in psychiatric illness
Authors: Belsham Brendan 
Published: January 2005

AbstractGlutamate, a dicarboxylic amino acid, is the most abundantly active neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain; it is also the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the cerebral cortex. As our knowledge of this neurotransmitter deepens, it is increasingly being implicated in the pathophysiology of mental illness. This review begins by examining the physiology of glutamate and its receptors. Its role in memory, movement, perception and neuronal development is discussed. The development of the glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia is traced, and the emerging lines of evidence for attenuated function of the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor in schizophrenia are examined. For ease of discussion, these are divided into pharmacological, post‐mortem, imaging, platelet and genetic studies. Interactions between glutamate and other neurotransmitters are discussed, as are possible mechanisms by which such altered receptor activity might result in the clinical expression of schizophrenia. The possible role of glutamate in major depression and bipolar disorder is explored. The review concludes by highlighting the importance of avoiding a reductionist approach to the pathophysiology of any mental illness. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative study of short‐term anxiolytic potency of alprazolam and tandospirone in psychiatric outpatients with anxiety disorders
Authors: Yamauchi Kouji , Yamada Shigeto , Morita Kiichirou , Maeda Hisao , Tanaka Masatoshi 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAnxiolytic potency of 1 week of treatment with alprazolam or tandospirone in psychiatric outpatients with anxiety disorders was evaluated by changes in the scores on the Hamilton Anxiety Scale and the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory and in the saliva level of free‐3‐methoxy‐4‐hydroxyphenylglycol (free‐MHPG). Saliva level of free‐MHPG was significantly reduced by 1 week of treatment with alprazolam but not with tandospirone. Reductions in the HAS score after 1 week of drug treatment were greater in patients treated with alprazolam than in those treated with tandospirone. These results indicate that the short‐term anxiolytic potency of alprazolam is greater than that of tandospirone and that the saliva level of MHPG would be a useful marker for the evaluation of the therapeutic potency of anxiolytic agents. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fluvoxamine in obsessive‐compulsive disorder: similar efficacy but superior tolerability in comparison with clomipramine
Authors: Mundo Emanuela , Rouillon Frédéric , Figuera M. Luisa , Stigler Michael 
Published: January 2005

AbstractSome meta‐analyses have suggested that the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are less effective than clomipramine in the treatment of obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD). The aim of this double‐blind, randomised, multicentre study was to directly compare the efficacy and safety of fluvoxamine and clomipramine in patients with OCD. A total of 227 patients were randomised to flexible doses of fluvoxamine or clomipramine (both 150–300 mg/day) for 10 weeks. Fluvoxamine and clomipramine were both clinically effective and there were no statistically significant differences between the two treatment groups, at any visit, on the National Institute of Mental Health Obsessive‐Compulsive global rating scale, the Yale‐Brown Obsessive‐Compulsive scale (total score and obsession and compulsion subscores), the Clinical Global Impression severity of illness and global improvement subscales, the Clinical Anxiety Scale and the 17‐item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. However, there were differences in safety between the two treatments. Compared with fluvoxamine‐treated patients, those treated with clomipramine had more anticholinergic side effects (dry mouth, constipation and tremor) and premature withdrawals due to adverse events (18 versus 9). The results from this controlled study indicate that fluvoxamine is as effective as clomipramine in the treatment of OCD but has a better tolerability profile. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of temazepam on memory and psychomotor performance: a dose–response study
Authors: Begg Alison , Drummond Gordon , Tiplady Brian 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn a randomised, three‐period crossover study, psychomotor performance and memory were tested and mood assessed for 3 h after single doses of placebo (PL), 20 mg temazepam (T20) or 30 mg temazepam (T30) were given to six healthy females aged 21–23. A composite measure of psychomotor speed showed a dose‐dependent slowing (Page's L trend test: p < 0.001; sign test PL vs T20 and T30 vs T20: p < 0.05). The number of errors in the performance of tasks was increased, significantly in the case of some measures. Explicit memory (Buschke Selective Reminding Task) showed significant impairment of long‐term but not short‐term memory (Page's L trend test: p < 0.05). The form of the dose–response curve was positively accelerating, with the difference in performance between T20 and T30 at least as great as that between PL and T20. Visual Analogue Scales showed a decrease in a factor representing functional integrity (Page's L trend test: p < 0.05;) sign test (PL vs T20: p < 0.05), but no changes in mood. These results show that 30 mg is a useful extension of the dose range of temazepam, being well tolerated and that it produces a substantially greater impairment of performance than 20 mg. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Milnacipran and pindolol: a randomized trial of reduction of antidepressant latency
Authors: Isaac Michael T. , Isaac Maria B. , Gallo Fidel , Tournoux Alan 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBackgroundNew, better tolerated and faster treatments for depression are needed. Patients are understandably unhappy with having to wait 3 to 4 weeks for a response to an antidepressant, while experiencing side effects almost immediately. This frequently has an adverse effect on compliance and engagement with treatment.AimsThe primary objective was to assess the activity of pindolol on the onset of antidepressive response of milnacipran. The secondary objective was to assess the number of responders among the patients who received milnacipran and pindolol versus patients who received milnacipran and placebo. The tertiary objective was to evaluate the safety of milnacipran and pindolol versus milnacipran and placebo.MethodRandomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study over 42 days.SettingInner city London community mental health teams.Participants80 patients were selected and gave written consent to treatment, 78 were randomized (39 in each group) and evaluated for safety (intention‐to‐treat, ITT, safety data set), 77 (ITT efficacy data set), and 64 (per protocol, PP, data set) were evaluated for efficacy. The mean age was 31.9 for the pindolol group and 32.3 for the placebo.InterventionAll patients received milnacipran 50 mg twice a day plus either pindolol 2.5 mg (the ‘pindolol group’) or matching placebo (the ‘placebo group’) three times a day.Outcome measuresThe main efficacy variable was the Montgomery–Åsberg depression rating scale (MADRS) score at days 0, 4, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28, 42 on PP data set in an observation carried (OC) approach. Secondary efficacy variables were clinical global impression (global improvement) and Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS).ResultsImprovement in MADRS total score was greater in the pindolol group than in the placebo group from day 7 (p=0.03). Responder rates in the clinical global impression were 97.2% for the pindolol group and 60.6% for the placebo group. The treatment was well tolerated with the most common side effects being nausea (28.2%; 35.9%), vomiting (7.7%; 23.1%), hot flushes (15.4%; 5.1%) and sweating (12.8%; 12.8%).ConclusionThe milnacipran and pindolol combination is safe, well tolerated and efficacious in major depression, and represents a rational strategy for the possible acceleration or potentiation of antidepressant action. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cross‐cultural validation of the Leeds sleep evaluation questionnaire (LSEQ) in insomnia patients
Authors: Tarrasch Ricardo , Laudon Moshe , Zisapel Nava 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe Leeds sleep evaluation questionnaire (LSEQ) is a standardized self‐reporting instrument comprising ten 100 mm visual analogue scales that pertain to the ease of getting to sleep (GTS), quality of sleep (QOS), ease of awakening from sleep (AFS) and alertness and behaviour following wakefulness (BFW). Although the LSEQ has been used in a variety of populations, published psychometric data on insomnia patients are limited.The LSEQ reliability and construct validity was evaluated in 396 French insomnia patients aged 55 years and over, who were treated with placebo (2 weeks) and melatonin (3 weeks). The results supported LSEQ internal consistency, reliability and construct validity with minor differences from those of the original English version. Then the internal consistency of the LSEQ was evaluated in 257 insomnia patients (age 20–80 years) in France and Israel who, following a 1 week placebo baseline, were randomized to placebo or melatonin treatment for 3 weeks. Cronbach's α and Pearson's r correlation coefficients for placebo and drug treatment conditions (p<0.001 for all) supported LSEQ internal consistency in different treatment and age groups and in different languages.It is concluded that the consistency, reliability and validity of the four LSEQ domains allows them to be singled out as independent outcome variables in cross cultural sleep research and clinical practice in adult and elderly patients with insomnia. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
EEG abnormalities associated with antipsychotics: a comparison of quetiapine, olanzapine, haloperidol and healthy subjects
Authors: Amann Benedikt L. , Pogarell Oliver , Mergl Roland , Juckel Georg , Grunze Heinz , Mulert Christoph , Hegerl Ulrich 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn this study the effects of the atypical antipsychotics quetiapine and olanzapine, and the typical antipsychotic haloperidol on EEG patterns were retrospectively investigated in 81 patients under stable monotherapy with either drug (quetiapine:n = 22, olanzapine:n = 37, haloperidol:n = 22). These three subgroups were compared with a control group of healthy subjects (n = 30) which were matched regarding sex and age. Diagnoses of patients were schizophrenia (DSM‐IV 295.xx,n = 61), brief psychotic disorder (DSM‐IV 298.8,n = 9), schizoaffective disorder (DSM‐IV 295.70,n = 8) and delusional disorder (DSM‐IV 297.1,n = 3). There were no statistically significant differences regarding demographic characteristics between the groups. Digital EEG recordings were retrieved from a database and visually assessed by two independent investigators, and one blinded regarding medication. One patient from the quetiapine group (5%), 13 olanzapine patients (35%), five of the haloperidol patients (23%) and two subjects of the control group (7%) had an abnormal EEG. Epileptiform activity was observed in four patients (11%) of the olanzapine group, and none in the others. EEG abnormalities were statistically significantly increased with dose in the olanzapine group, in contrast to patients treated with haloperidol, quetiapine or healthy subjects. In conclusion, EEG abnormalities seem to occur rarely in patients treated with quetiapine comparable to the control group, but significantly more often with haloperidol and olanzapine, possibly due to different receptor profiles of these substances. To our knowledge, this is the first electrophysiological investigation comparing the new atypical antipsychotics quetiapine, haloperidol, olanzapine with healthy subjects. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.