bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In‐Vitro Investigation of the α‐Amylase Inhibition Activity of Bare Bis‐Benzylidene‐Cyclohexanone Synthesized by a Highly Selective Solvent‐Free Route
Authors: Veigas Laveena Mariet , Ravi Lokesh , Narasimhaiaha Nagaraju , Chundattu Sony J. , Nagaraju Kathyayini , Krishna Mohan Mothi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCurrent work reports the highly selective, solvent‐free synthesis of an endorsed bioactive compound, Bis benzylidine cyclohexanone (BBC) through solid acid catalysed cross aldol condensation route and checks its in‐vitro bio activity. The catalytic support (Multiwalled carbon nanotube) employed was synthesized through the highly sophisticated catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method and simple mechanical grinding strategy was adopted to decorate sulfonic acid on the support. The C1s X‐ray photoelectron peak of at 290.3 eV confirms the effective interaction of sulfonic acid with MWCNT. The sharp and intense desorption peaks observed at approximately 528.7 °C and 655.15 °C in the TPD analysis unmistakably substantiate the strong acidity of the synthesized system. The alpha amylase inhibition activity of the synthesized compound was calculated to be around 88.5 %, which is in par with the commercial drug as it could inhibit only 96 %. Further, the in‐silico (Docking and Molecular Dynamic Simulation) investigations unveiled a new target site for the compound and this can further be studied in detail to advance the applications in drug design. Detailed scrutiny of various parameters was conducted to validate the bioactivity and pharmaceutical potential of the synthesized compound.
Structural, Optical, and Magnetic Properties of o‐TbFeO3 Nanomaterials Synthesized by the co‐Precipitation Method
Authors: Anh Tien Nguyen , Kim Hoang Huynh Thi , Olegovna Mittova Valentina , To Nga Tran Thi , Truc Linh Nguyen Thi , Yakovlevna Mittova Irina , Viktorovna Tomina Elena , Dinh Trinh Tran , Thanh Thuy Le Thi , Son Cam Thanh 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFollowing the co‐precipitation method for producing terbium orthoferrite (TbFeO3), the final products were denoted as TbFeO3‐650, −750, and −850. A single‐phase of orthorhombic TbFeO3 crystals (o‐TbFeO3) was obtained with a calcination temperature of up to 850 °C, while in the range of 650–750 °C there was still a small amount of terbium and iron oxide phases. The average size of o‐TbFeO3 crystallites for the TbFeO3‐850 sample was about 76 nm and was larger than that of TbFeO3‐650 (~45 nm) and TbFeO3‐750 (~47 nm). The o‐TbFeO3 crystal structure in all samples was found to be distorted. In the applied field from −15 to +15 kOe, all of the samples had low values of coercive field (5–11 ⋅ 10−3 Oe) but high values of net magnetization (2.06–2.40 emu ⋅ g−1); the samples appeared to behave as paramagnetic materials. It was shown that the TbFeO3‐850 sample has slightly better magnetic properties than the two others. An average grain size of about 79 nm was found in the TbFeO3‐850 sample, which exhibited a morphology of sphere‐like shapes with highly agglomerated grains. The TbFeO3‐850 sample demonstrated a high absorbance at wavelengths of 400–600 nm, with a direct bandgap of about 2.68 eV.
Iodine(III)‐Aluminum or ‐Ammonium Salts for the Oxidative Aromatic Inorganic Functionalization
Authors: Chávez‐Rivera Rubén , Navarro‐Santos Pedro , Chacón‐García Luis , Ortiz‐Alvarado Rafael , Solorio Alvarado César R. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractStrategies for introducing halogens and other inorganic groups in aromatic systems, usually involve non‐general and strong oxidative protocols which resulted in poor functional group compatibility. Iodine(III) reagents have emerged as an excellent alternative for the aromatic inorganic functionalization due to their low toxicity and strong oxidative character. In this context, the synergistic combination of different iodine(III) reagents and aluminum or ammonium salts including AlCl3, AlBr3, Al(NO3)3, NH4Cl, NH4Br and NH4I have recently demonstrated a great versatility for introducing the chlorine, bromine, iodine and nitro groups in aromatic systems, mainly phenols, anilines and some heterocycles. Using these common salts, their anions are softly oxidated by iodine(III) reagents, allowing the in situ formation of non‐described halogenating and nitrating species and in consequence, the introduction of these inorganic groups under an umpolung reactivity as chemical electrophilic synthons.
Bismuth‐Based Electrocatalysts for Identical Value‐Added Formic Acid Through Coupling CO2 Reduction and Methanol Oxidation
Authors: Hao Shengjie , Cong Meiyu , Xu Hanwen , Ding Xin , Gao Yan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIt is an effective way to reduce atmospheric CO2 via electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), while the slow oxygen evolution reaction (OER) occurs at the anode with huge energy consumption. Herein, methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) is used to replace OER, coupling CO2RR to achieve co‐production of formate. Through enhancing OCHO* adsorption by oxygen vacancies engineering and synergistic effect by heteroatom doping, Bi/Bi2O3 and Ni─Bi(OH)3 are synthesized for efficient production of formate via simultaneous CO2RR and methanol oxidation reaction (MOR), achieving that the coupling of CO2RR//MOR only required 7.26 kWh gformate−1 power input, much lower than that of CO2RR//OER (13.67 kWh gformate−1). Bi/Bi2O3 exhibits excellent electrocatalytic CO2RR performance, achieving FEformate >80% in a wide potential range from −0.7 to −1.2 V (vs RHE). For MOR, Ni─Bi(OH)3 exhibits efficient MOR catalytic performance with the FEformate >98% in the potential range of 1.35–1.6 V (vs RHE). Not only demonstrates the two‐electrode systems exceptional stability, working continuously for over 250 h under a cell voltage of 3.0 V, but the cathode and anode can maintain a FE of over 80%. DFT calculation results reveal that the oxygen vacancies of Bi/Bi2O3 enhance the adsorption of OCHO* intermediate, and Ni─Bi(OH)3 reduce the energy barrier for the rate determining step, leading to high catalytic activity.
Intracycle RPM control for vertical axis wind turbines
Authors: Sadman Sakib Mohammad , Todd Griffith D. , Hossain Sanower , Bayat Saeid , Allison James T. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe wind energy market is currently dominated by horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs); however, vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) are emerging as a design alternative, especially for deep‐water offshore siting due to their low center of gravity, ease of access to drivetrain components, and overall simplicity. Due to the absence of a pitch mechanism in large‐scale Darrieus VAWTs, stall control has often been used to manage power and loads. Introducing a pitching mechanism in H‐type VAWTs has been studied, but this diminishes the mechanical simplicity advantage, and the use of a pitching mechanism in a large‐scale Darrieus‐type VAWT is not practical. This work examines an innovative, alternative method to control the rotor dynamics of a large‐scale 5 MW VAWT to maximize power while constraining loads without introducing any new or complex mechanical elements. This control strategy is termed intracycle revolution per minute (RPM) control, where the rotational speed of the turbine is allowed to vary in an optimal fashion with the azimuthal location of blades as opposed to typical constant RPM operation. An optimization framework is formulated for an open‐loop optimal control problem and solved to maximize power subject to constraints on aerodynamic design loads. Results are presented to demonstrate the benefits and the performance limits of intracycle RPM control for large‐scale 5 MW Darrieus VAWTs, namely, (1) power production (quantified in terms of AEP) that can be increased subject to baseline load limits and (2) opportunities to significantly increase AEP or decrease loads via intracycle RPM control that are examined for both two‐bladed and three‐bladed VAWTs.
Monitoring biofilm thickness using the membrane aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) fingerprint soft sensor to optimize nitrogen removal
Authors: Cao Yi , Cui Zihao , Daigger Glen T. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe ongoing commercialization and installation of full‐scale membrane aerated biofilm reactors (MABRs) stimulate the increasing need to monitor biofilm development. Biofilm thickness in MABRs can be assessed indirectly by plotting the exhaust oxygen purity versus bulk ammonia concentration, defined here as the MABR fingerprint soft sensor. Dynamic simulations with diurnal flow variations of an MABR unit model were implemented over a broad range of biofilm thicknesses and influent conditions consisting of variable C/N ratios and applied ammonia fluxes to assess the utility of the MABR fingerprint. Results show that the continuously decreasing trend of the MABR fingerprint plot slopes can be employed as a useful signal for biofilm thickness control in nitrogen removal processes. This technique is useful in a wide range of influent conditions and is helpful for MABR operators and designers to arrange biofilm thickness control events efficiently and determine where in an overall treatment process the technique can be applied to control biofilm thickness and optimize process performance.Practitioner points
The linear relationship between exhaust oxygen purity and bulk ammonia concentration is defined as the MABR fingerprint plot.
MABR fingerprint plots are generated for a given biofilm thickness with diurnal flow or short‐term loading variations implemented.
Continuously decreasing trends of the MABR fingerprint plot slopes are useful signals for biofilm control in nitrogen removal.
The MABR fingerprint is useful over a wide range of influent conditions regarding C/N ratios and applied ammonia fluxes.
MABR practitioners can use the fingerprint plots to determine when biofilm control measures should be taken.
Syntheses and Characterization of Ti(III)/Ti(IV) Triazenido Complexes
Authors: Schwitalla Kevin , Lee Wing , Töben Iris , Eilers Marcel , Schmidtmann Marc , Beckhaus Rüdiger 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe syntheses of side‐on Ti(III) triazenido complexes via the ethylene complexes Cp*Ti(η2‐C2H4)(η5‐C5H4CR2H) and side‐on Ti(IV) triazenido complexes via bis(π‐η5 : σ‐η1‐pentafulvene) titanium complexes are reported. The deprotonation of the triazene N−H function occurs under mild conditions either by reduction of the proton to hydrogen mediated via the masked titanocene (II) of the ethylene complex or by the nucleophilic Cexo atom of the pentafulvene moiety. The structures of the paramagnetic Ti(III) complexes were confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, whereas the diamagnetic Ti(IV) complexes were characterized via NMR spectroscopy and additionally, Ti2 c by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The structure of complex Ti2 c reveals one of the smallest bent angles known for titanium pentafulvene complexes.
Genome Editing of Gene Families for Crop Improvement
Authors: Avci Utku , Sipahi Hülya 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCrop improvement has been a long-standing focus of agricultural research, aiming to enhance nutritional richness, aroma, visual appeal, and yield to meet the growing global food demand. Recent advances in molecular biology and genetic engineering, particularly genome editing, offer precise and targeted tools for modifying crop genomes. Traditional plant breeding methods, while successful in the past, are time-consuming, and techniques like mutagenesis and transgenesis have limitations. Genome editing techniques provide unprecedented precision and enable scientists to make desired modifications to a plant’s DNA. This chapter explores the role of genome editing, specifically in gene families, for crop improvement, highlighting its potential benefits and challenges.Gene families are crucial for important crop traits like yield, disease resistance, and environmental adaptation. However, conventional breeding methods often struggle to effectively manipulate gene families due to their complex nature. Genome editing offers a promising solution by allowing targeted modifications to specific gene family members. The precision of genome editing tools can help unravel the functions of gene family members in diverse plant species.With the challenges posed by climate change, global conflicts, and population growth, the conventional food system falls short of meeting future demands sustainably. Genome-edited crops hold promise in obtaining elite genotypes with desirable traits, contributing to a resilient and sustainable agriculture and food system. Moreover, genome editing facilitates the study of genetic diversity that governs desirable crop characteristics, benefiting both genome-edited and conventionally bred crops.
Datenverarbeitung in sicheren Verarbeitungsumgebungen am Beispiel von MRT-Gehirnscans – zugleich ein Plädoyer für eine rechtssichere Forschungsgrundlage
Authors: Specht-Riemenschneider Louisa , Heineking Bernadette 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Nutzung von Datenbeständen für medizinische Forschung bietet großes gesamtgesellschaftliches Potenzial, können sich doch durch die Auswertung großer Datenmengen mit maschinellen Lernverfahren teils ganz neue Forschungsansätze, Diagnose- und Behandlungsmethoden ergeben. Häufig scheitert eine solche Nutzung von Datenbeständen aber an den hohen Voraussetzungen oder unklaren Anforderungen des Datenschutzrechts.Gerade die Verarbeitung visueller Gesundheitsdaten wie MRT-Gehirnscans geht mit besonderen Risiken für die betroffenen Personen einher, die die rechtmäßige Verarbeitung dieser Daten zu Forschungszwecken erschweren. Zur Reduzierung dieser Risiken können als unabhängige Anonymisierungs- und Pseudonymisierungsinstanz eingesetzte Datentreuhänder beitragen, die eine sichere Verarbeitungsumgebung bereitstellen, in der Gesundheitsdaten kurzfristig gespeichert, ausgewertet und anschließend gelöscht werden.Diese Risikoreduktion trägt zur Rechtmäßigkeit der Datenverarbeitung bei, führt sie doch dazu, dass Abwägungsentscheidungen, wie z. B. nach Art. 9 Abs. 2 lit. j, Art. 89 Abs. 1 Datenschutzgrundverordnung (DSGVO), § 6 Abs. 2 Gesundheitsdatenschutzgesetz Nordrhein-Westfalen (GDSG NW), § 17 Datenschutzgesetz Nordrhein-Westfalen (DSG NRW) bzw. § 27 Bundesdatenschutzgesetz (BDSG), oder die Beurteilung der Kompatibilität des Sekundärzwecks der Verarbeitung mit dem Erhebungszweck eher zugunsten der Datenverarbeitung ausfällt. Der Einsatz von Datentreuhandmodellen kann insofern auch zum Abbau datenschutzrechtlicher Hürden der Verarbeitung solcher Gesundheitsdaten zu wissenschaftlichen Forschungszwecken beitragen.
Ictal hand signs: Minimal previous attention to these diagnostic indicators
Authors: Stefan Hermann , Strzelczyk Adam , Schmitt Friedhelm C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIctal hand signs manifest as dystonic, tonic, or non-convulsive rhythmic elementary motor patterns, as well as finger snapping or automatic movement patterns (e.g. fumbling), and psychogenic movements have been reported in a small number of patients. This study demonstrates the various ictal hand signs and discusses the data on lateralization and localization as reported in the literature. In addition to published reports, our case studies are presented.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Effect of micro-viscosity on the rotational diffusion: pulsed laser-based time-resolved single-molecule study
Authors: Atta Diaa , Gweily Noha 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe effect of the changes in buffer concentrations or any additives like surfactants in the protein samples during the analysis on the single-biomolecule diffusion is one of the hidden points in the single-molecule time-resolved measurements. In the current work, phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) labeled with Atto-647 has been investigated on the single molecule level while it diffuses in Na2CO3 buffer at concentrations that vary from 10 mg/l up to 50 mg/l. The fluorescence lifetime of PGK labeled with Atto-647 in 50 mg/ml Na2CO3 has been measured, and it was found to be 2.7 ns. The fluorescence cross correlation of the diffused protein has also been measured, which confirms that the used samples are at a single molecule level. Time decay fluorescence anisotropy has been performed for PGK labeled with Atto-647 in different concentrations of Na2CO3, and the results confirmed that there is a clear impact on the molecular translational and rotational diffusion even with slight changes in the buffer concentration.
Photodegradation of polyethylene debris in water by sulfur-doped TiO2: system optimization, degradation mechanism, and reusability
Authors: Sharara Ahmed , Samy Mahmoud , Mossad Mohamed , Gar Alalm Mohamed 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGiven the immense threats of microplastics, we herein investigate photodegrading the debris of polyethylene bags (PBs) by sulfur-doped titanium dioxide. The optimization of operating parameters showed that controlling the water pH at 3 and introducing PBs by 0.10 g/L under a catalyst dose of 1.25 g/L reduced the polyethylene mass by 3.10% in 7 h, whereas raising the catalyst dose to 3 g/L improved the mass reduction to 4.72%. The extension of degradation time to 100 h at pH 3, catalyst dosage of 3 g/L, and PBs concentration of 0.10 g/L increased the mass loss ratio to 21.74%. Scanning electron microscopy of PBs after 100 h of photodegradation showed cracks on the surface accompanied by the increase of carbonyl index from 0.52 to 1.41 confirming the breakdown of the polymeric chain. Total organic carbon increased from 0.80 to 7.76 mg/L in the first 10 h of photodegradation, then decreased to 1 mg/L after extending the reaction time to 100 h due to the mineralization of organic intermediates generated from the photodegradation of PBs. Trapping tests exhibited the major role of hydroxyl radicals in the degradation system, and the catalyst showed high stability under five repetitive runs. This study proposes an efficient treatment system that can be implemented on a wider scale utilizing the synthesized catalyst to degrade plastics efficiently before their release to water streams.
Associations of Cannabis Use, High-Risk Alcohol Use, and Depressive Symptomology with Motivation and Attempts to Quit Cigarette Smoking Among Adults: Findings from the 2020 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey
Authors: Gravely Shannon , Driezen Pete , Shahab Lion , McClure Erin A. , Hyland Andrew , Cummings K. Michael , East Katherine A. , Chan Gary C. K. , Walsh Hannah , Benowitz Neal L. , Gartner Coral E. , Fong Geoffrey T. , Quah Anne C. K. , Smith Danielle M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study assessed independent and interaction effects of the frequency of cannabis use, high-risk alcohol use, and depressive symptomology on motivation and attempts to quit cigarette smoking among adults who regularly smoked. Cross-sectional data are from the 2020 International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey and included 7044 adults (ages 18 + years) who smoked cigarettes daily in Australia (n = 1113), Canada (n = 2069), England (n = 2444), and the United States (USA) (n = 1418). Among all respondents, 33.1% of adults reported wanting to quit smoking “a lot,” and 29.1% made a past-year quit attempt. Cannabis use was not significantly associated with either outcome (both p ≥ 0.05). High-risk alcohol use was significantly associated with decreased odds of motivation to quit (p = 0.02) and making a quit attempt (p = 0.004). Depressive symptomology was associated with increased odds for both outcomes (both p < 0.001). There were no significant 2- or 3-way interactions between cannabis use, alcohol consumption, and depressive symptomatology. Overall, just over a quarter of adults who smoked daily reported making a recent quit attempt, and most were not highly motivated to quit. Longitudinal research should investigate whether there are linkages between cannabis use, risky alcohol consumption, and/or depression on successful long-term smoking cessation.
Emergent communication enhances foraging behavior in evolved swarms controlled by spiking neural networks
Authors: Jimenez Romero Cristian , Yegenoglu Alper , Pérez Martín Aarón , Diaz-Pier Sandra , Morrison Abigail 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSocial insects such as ants and termites communicate via pheromones which allow them to coordinate their activity and solve complex tasks as a swarm, e.g. foraging for food or finding their way back to the nest. This behavior was shaped through evolutionary processes over millions of years. In computational models, self-coordination in swarms has been implemented using probabilistic or pre-defined simple action rules to shape the decision of each agent and the collective behavior. However, manual tuned decision rules may limit the emergent behavior of the swarm. In this work we investigate the emergence of self-coordination and communication in evolved swarms without defining any explicit rule. For this purpose, we evolve a swarm of agents representing an ant colony. We use an evolutionary algorithm to optimize a spiking neural network (SNN) which serves as an artificial brain to control the behavior of each agent. The goal of the evolved colony is to find optimal ways to forage for food and return it to the nest in the shortest amount of time. In the evolutionary phase, the ants are able to learn to collaborate by depositing pheromone near food piles and near the nest to guide other ants. The pheromone usage is not manually encoded into the network; instead, this behavior is established through the optimization procedure. We observe that pheromone-based communication enables the ants to perform better in comparison to colonies where communication via pheromone did not emerge. Furthermore, we assess the foraging performance of the ant colonies by comparing the SNN-based model to a multi-agent rule-based system. Our results show that the SNN-based model can efficiently complete the foraging task in a short amount of time. Our approach illustrates that even in the absence of pre-defined rules, self-coordination via pheromone emerges as a result of the network optimization. This work serves as a proof of concept for the possibility of creating complex applications utilizing SNNs as underlying architectures for multi-agent interactions where communication and self-coordination is desired.
Analysis of spatial–temporal validation patterns in Fortaleza’s public transport systems: a data mining approach
Authors: de Almeida Mesquita Kaio G. , de Holanda Barros Luan P. , de Oliveira Neto Francisco Moraes 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Understanding the spatio-temporal patterns of users’ travel behavior on public transport (PT) systems is essential for more assertive transit planning. With this in mind, the aim of this article is to diagnose the spatial and temporal travel patterns of users of Fortaleza’s PT network, which is a trunk-feeder network whose fares are charged by a tap-on system. To this end, 20 databases were used, including global positioning system, user registration, and PT smart card data from November 2018, prior to the pandemic. The data set was processed and organized into a database with a relational model and an Extraction, Transformation, and Loading process. A data mining approach based on Machine Learning models was applied to evaluate travel patterns. As a result, it was observed that users’ first daily use has a higher percentage of spatial and temporal patterns when compared to their last daily use. In addition, users rarely show spatial and temporal patterns at the same time.