bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the Oral and Maxillofacial Region: A 12-Year Analysis at a Tertiary Healthcare Facility from North-Western Nigeria
Authors: Bala Mujtaba , Braimah Ramat Oyebunmi , Taiwo Abdurrazaq Olanrewaju , Alyami Bandar , Aliyu Bashar Muhammed , Kanmodi Kehinde Kazeem , Abubakar Sadeeq Fawa , Kaura Abubakar Muhammad , Yekini Lateef Alani , Yabo Sufiyanu Umar 
Published: December 2023

Background: Orofacial cancers remain a serious burden in developing countries largely due to scarcity of resources in both diagnosis and treatment. This study aimed to present the pattern of clinical presentation and management of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral and maxillofacial region at a tertiary health care facility, Northwestern Nigeria.
Materials and Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis of cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral and maxillofacial regionseen in the past 12 years (January 2012 to January 2023). After obtaining ethical approval from the research and ethics committee of the institution, patients’ demographic characteristics, risk factors, sites, stage, histologic diagnosis, and treatment status were extracted from the patient's record. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25 software.
Results: A total of 233 cases (114 (76.8%) males and 54 (23.2%) females) were analyzedin the age range of 20-80 years with a mean±SD of 52.98±16.08years. Most of the patients 174(74.7%) were farmers. The onset ranged from 6 weeks to 2 years. The main complaint of the patients were pain and swelling (132 (56.7%)). Extensive or multiplesites (72 (30.9%)) constitute the majority of the SCC. Well-differentiated SCC (133 (57.1%)) was the predominant diagnosis and, the majority (86 (36.9%)) were Stage IV lesions. The male patients were found to have more advanced disease compared to females with a statistically significant difference (p= 0.000). Surgery+ referral for chemotherapy/radiotherapy (125(57.1)) was the main treatment modality.
Conclusion: The well-differentiated SCC was thecommonest histologic subtype. Surgery and chemoradiation therapy were treatment modalities offered the patients especially with the early lesions and prompt initiation of treatment.
Hydrophobic Hyamine‐Mediated Water‐Lean Electric Double Layer Boosting Reversible Dendrite‐Free Zinc Metal Anodes
Authors: Cai Shan , Hu Jiugang , Luo Yuqing , Zhu Pengfei , He Ting , Zou Guoqiang , Hou Hongshuai , Ji Xiaobo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) are promising candidates for grid‐energy storage due to their safety and cost‐effectiveness. However, the detrimental hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and dendrite growth on Zn‐metal anodes severely limit their applications. Herein, trace hydrophobic hyamine (HQA, 0.78 mmol L−1) is introduced as an electrolyte additive to improve the electrochemical performance of the Zn anode. Experiments and theoretical calculations revealed that cationic HQA can preferentially adsorb onto the anode surface to inhibit the HER and promote the uniform distribution of Zn ions by forming a water‐lean electric double layer (EDL). Moreover, the oriented adsorption of HQA induced exposure of the Zn (002) plane and prevented dendrite growth. Therefore, the symmetric cells using the HQA‐containing electrolyte exhibited stable cycle performance for more than 1600 h. Even at a high‐density current of 5 mA cm−2, it has a high cumulative capacity of 3250 mAh cm−2. It exhibited an excellent deep‐discharge performance (80%) with a stable cycle for 175 h. The Zn||NH4V4O10 full cell exhibited a high specific capacity and cycle stability at 4.0 A g−1 due to the excellent reversibility of Zn anode. These results provide a new and low‐cost approach for electrolyte design and EDL optimization of high‐performance zinc‐ion batteries.
Room‐Temperature Cubic Ag2S1−2xSexTex with Promising Ductility and Thermoelectric Properties Enabled by Entropy Engineering
Authors: Chang Yi , Li Zhili , Luo Pengfei , Qian Weixiong , Zhang Jiye , Luo Jun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSince the discovery of superior ductility in semiconducting Ag2S at room temperature, Ag2S‐based inorganics attract ever‐increasing attention as ductile thermoelectrics (TEs) for flexible electronics, while the monoclinic to cubic structure transition near room temperature (≈455 K for Ag2S) of these materials leads to instability of their structures and properties. In this work, single‐phase cubic Ag2S1−2xSexTex (x = 0.13–0.33) samples are stabilized at room temperature via entropy engineering. In comparison with pure Ag2S, the random mixing of S, Se, and Te at the anion site results in increased configuration entropy, improved electrical conductivity, decreased lattice thermal conductivity, and thus significantly enhanced TE properties of cubic Ag2S1−2xSexTex samples. By further optimizing the carrier concentration through introducing Ag vacancies, the slightly Ag‐deficient Ag1.98S0.34Se0.33Te0.33 sample achieves a power factor of 6.1 µW cm−1 K−2 and a dimensionless figure of merit zT of 0.4 at room temperature. In the measured temperature range of 300–500 K, this cubic sample with excellent ductility shows not only a record average zT value of 0.62 in ductile inorganics but also very stable TE properties, demonstrating the great potential of entropy engineering in the design of high‐performance ductile TE inorganics.
Tandem Carbon Hollow Spheres with Tailored Inner Structure as Sulfur Immobilization for Superior Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Ma Hongwei , Yu Zhisheng , Li Haocheng , Guo Daying , Zhou Zheyang , Jin Huile , Wu Lianhui , Chen Xi'an , Wang Shun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe construction of lithium–sulfur battery cathode materials while simultaneously achieving high areal sulfur‐loading, adequate sulfur utilization, efficient polysulfides inhibition, rapid ion diffusion, etc. remains a major challenge. Herein, an internal regulatory strategy to fabricate the unique walnut‐like yolk–shell carbon flower@carbon nanospheres is presented (WSYCS) as sulfur hosts. The internal carbon flower, suitable cavity, and external carbon layer effectively disperse the insulate sulfur, accommodate volumetric expansion, and confine polysulfides, thus improving the performance of lithium–sulfur batteries. The finite element simulation method also deduces the enhanced Li+ diffusion and lithium–sulfur reaction kinetics. More importantly, WSYCS2 is grafted onto carbon fiber (CF) by electro‐spinning method to form a tandem WSYCS2@CF 3D film as a sulfur host for the free‐standing electrode. The corresponding battery exhibits an extremely high areal capacity of 15.5 mAh cm−2 with a sulfur loading of 13.4 mg cm−2. Particularly, the flexible lithium–sulfur pouch cell delivers a high capacity of 8.1 mAh cm−2 and excellent capacity retention of 65% over 800 cycles at a relatively high rate of 1C, corresponding to a calculated energy density of 539 Wh kg−1 and 591 Wh L−1. This work not only provides guidance for tailoring thick carbon/sulfur electrodes but also boosts the development of practical lithium–sulfur batteries.
Catalytic Deoxygenative Reduction of Hydrazides to Hydrazines via B(C6F5)3‐Catalyzed Hydrosilylation
Authors: Wang Heyu , Yang Ji , Luo Zhenli , Yao Zhen , Yang Jianbo , Li Huanrong , Xu Lijin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe catalytic deoxygenative reduction of hydrazides to the corresponding alkyl hydrazine with PhSiH3 via B(C6F5)3‐catalyzed hydrosilylation is reported. This metal‐free protocol is compatible with various acylhydrazides and diacylhydrazides, giving rise to a variety of structurally diverse alkyl hydrazine products in 63–95% yields. The proper selection of borane catalyst and hydrosilane reductant is essential for catalysis. Mechanistic investigations reveal that the reaction involves a hydrazone intermediate.
Design and Characterization of a Novel eEF2K Degrader with Potent Therapeutic Efficacy Against Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Zhong Changxin , Zhu Rongfeng , Jiang Ting , Tian Sheng , Zhao Xiaobao , Wan Xiaoya , Jiang Shilong , Chen Zonglin , Gong Rong , He Linhao , Yang Jin‐Ming , Ye Na , Cheng Yan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDysregulated eEF2K expression is implicated in the pathogenesis of many human cancers, including triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC), making it a plausible therapeutic target. However, specific eEF2K inhibitors with potent anti‐cancer activity have not been available so far. Targeted protein degradation has emerged as a new strategy for drug discovery. In this study, a novel small molecule chemical is designed and synthesized, named as compound C1, which shows potent activity in degrading eEF2K. C1 selectively binds to F8, L10, R144, C146, E229, and Y236 of the eEF2K protein and promotes its proteasomal degradation by increasing the interaction between eEF2K and the ubiquitin E3 ligase βTRCP in the form of molecular glue. C1 significantly inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of TNBC cells both in vitro and in vivo and in TNBC patient‐derived organoids, and these antitumor effects are attributed to the degradation of eEF2K by C1. Additionally, combination treatment of C1 with paclitaxel, a commonly used chemotherapeutic drug, exhibits synergistic anti‐tumor effects against TNBC. This study not only generates a powerful research tool to investigate the therapeutic potential of targeting eEF2K, but also provides a promising lead compound for developing novel drugs for the treatment of TNBC and other cancers.
Ultrasensitive Colorimetric Luminescence Thermometry by Progressive Phase Transition
Authors: Suo Hao , Guo Dongxu , Zhao Peihang , Zhang Xin , Wang Yu , Zheng Weilin , Li Panlai , Yin Tao , Guan Li , Wang Zhijun , Wang Feng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLuminescent materials that display quick spectral responses to thermal stimuli have attracted pervasive attention in sensing technologies. Herein, a programmable luminescence color switching in lanthanide‐doped LiYO2 under thermal stimuli, based on deliberate control of the monoclinic (β) to tetragonal (α) phase transition in the crystal lattice, is reported. Specifically, a lanthanide‐doping (Ln3+) approach to fine‐tune the phase‐transition temperature in a wide range from 294 to 359 K is developed. Accordingly, an array of Ln3+‐doped LiYO2 crystals that exhibit progressive phase transition, and thus sequential color switching at gradually increasing temperatures, is constructed. The tunable optical response to thermal stimuli is harnessed for colorimetric temperature indication and quantitative detection, demonstrating superior sensitivity and temperature resolution (Sr = 26.1% K−1, δT = 0.008 K). The advances in controlling the phase‐transition behavior of luminescent materials also offer exciting opportunities for high‐performance personalized health monitoring.
Can digital transformation promote the improvement of regional food security? Empirical findings from China
Authors: Yao Shunyu , Fu Zitian 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFood security is an important guarantee for people's lives and national security, and digital transformation provides a new approach to improving the level of food security. Based on panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2007 to 2021, this paper empirically analyzes the impact of digital transformation on food security using fixed effects model, mediation model, moderation model, and spatial Durbin model. The research results show that: (1) digital transformation has a promoting effect on the level of food security, and there is regional heterogeneity in this promoting effect; (2) digital transformation has a mediating effect on the level of food security, which can improve the level of food security by promoting technological innovation, agricultural scale management, and marketization levels; (3) environmental regulations play a positive moderating role in the process of digital transformation promoting the level of food security; (4) there is a spatial spillover effect of digital transformation on the level of food security, which has a positive spillover effect on surrounding areas. Therefore, moving forward, it is imperative that we prioritize the digital transformation of the entire food industry chain, promote the coordinated development of digital industries in various regions, further improve the R&D innovation capability of digital technology, promote the integration of farmland to achieve large‐scale agricultural operation, and enhance the level of marketization, and at the same time improve environmental monitoring standards, fully tap the promoting effect of digital transformation on regional food security level. [EconLit Citations: Q16, Q18, R15].
Full‐Spectrum Responsive Naphthalimide/Perylene Diimide with a Giant Internal Electric Field for Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Xu Xiaoming , Meng Lingjun , Zhang Jian , Yang Shaogui , Sun Cheng , Li Hui , Li Junshan , Zhu Yongfa 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe co‐assembly naphthalimide/perylene diimide (NDINH/PDINH) supramolecular photocatalysts were successfully synthesized via a rapid solution dispersion method. A giant internal electric field (IEF) in co‐assembly structure was built by the larger local dipole. NDINH coated on PDINH could reduce the reflected electric field over PDINH to improve its responsive activity to ultraviolet light. Resultantly, an efficient full‐spectrum photocatalytic overall water splitting activity with H2 and O2 evolution rate of 317.2 and 154.8 μmol g−1 h−1 for NDINH/PDINH together with optimized O2 evolution rate with 2.61 mmol g−1 h−1 using AgNO3 as a sacrificial reagent were achieved. Meanwhile, its solar‐to‐hydrogen efficiency was enhanced to 0.13 %. The enhanced photocatalytic activity was primarily attributed to the IEF between NDINH and PDINH, significantly accelerating transfer and separation of photogenerated carriers. Additionally, a direct Z‐Scheme pathway of carriers contributed to a high redox potential. The strategy provided a new perspective for the design of supramolecular photocatalysts.
Photocatalytic Generation of Trifluoromethyl Nitrene for Alkene Aziridination
Authors: Baris Norbert , Dračínský Martin , Tarábek Ján , Filgas Josef , Slavíček Petr , Ludvíková Lucie , Boháčová Soňa , Slanina Tomáš , Klepetářová Blanka , Beier Petr 
Published: December 2023

AbstractN‐Trifluoromethylated organics may be applied in drug design, agrochemical synthesis, and materials science, among other areas. Yet, despite recent advances in the synthesis of aliphatic, cyclic and heterocyclic N‐trifluoromethyl compounds, no strategy based on trifluoromethyl nitrene has hitherto been explored. Here we describe the formation of triplet trifluoromethyl nitrene from azidotrifluoromethane, a stable and safe‐to‐use precursor, by visible light photocatalysis. The addition of CF3N to alkenes via biradical intermediates afforded previously unknown aziridines substituted with trifluoromethyl group on the nitrogen atom. The obtained aziridines were converted into either N‐trifluoromethylimidazolines, via formal [3+2] cycloaddition with nitriles, mediated by a Lewis acid, or into N‐trifluoromethylaldimines, via ring opening and aryl group migration mediated by a strong Brønsted acid. Our findings open new opportunities for the development of novel classes of N‐CF3 compounds with possible applications in the life sciences.
Fused‐Ring Pyrrole‐Based Near‐Infrared Emissive Organic RTP Material for Persistent Afterglow Bioimaging
Authors: Zhao Yeyun , Yang Jianhui , Liang Chao , Wang Zhongjie , Zhang Yongfeng , Li Gengchen , Qu Jiamin , Wang Xi , Zhang Yahui , Sun Peng , Shi Jianbing , Tong Bin , Xie Hai‐Yan , Cai Zhengxu , Dong Yuping 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOrganic near‐infrared room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials offer remarkable advantages in bioimaging due to their characteristic time scales and background noise elimination. However, developing near‐infrared RTP materials for deep tissue imaging still faces challenges since the small band gap may increase the non‐radiative decay, resulting in weak emission and short phosphorescence lifetime. In this study, fused‐ring pyrrole‐based structures were employed as the guest molecules for the construction of long wavelength emissive RTP materials. Compared to the decrease of the singlet energy level, the triplet energy level showed a more effectively decrease with the increase of the conjugation of the substituent groups. Moreover, the sufficient conjugation of fused ring structures in the guest molecule suppresses the non‐radiative decay of triplet excitons. Therefore, a near‐infrared RTP material (764 nm) was achieved for deep penetration bioimaging. Tumor cell membrane is used to coat RTP nanoparticles (NPs) to avoid decreasing the RTP performance compared to traditional coating by amphiphilic surfactants. RTP NPs with tumor‐targeting properties show favorable phosphorescent properties, superior stability, and excellent biocompatibility. These NPs are applied for time‐resolved luminescence imaging to eliminate background interference with excellent tissue penetration. This study provides a practical solution to prepare long‐wavelength and long‐lifetime organic RTP materials and their applications in bioimaging.
Thermolysis of Biphenylene toward Cyclo‐ortho‐phenylenes
Authors: Ehjeij Daniel , Rominger Frank , Bunz Uwe H. F. , Freudenberg Jan , Müllen Klaus 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe solvent and catalyst free thermolysis of biphenylenes at 350 °C furnishes [n]cyclo‐ortho‐phenylenes ([n]COPs, n=4–10) in one step and in high yields. At 400 °C biphenylene dimerizes into tetraphenylene, but lower reaction temperatures produce cyclooligomers. If suitably substituted, the oligomers are soluble and can be isolated and characterized. The products are exclusively cyclic. In the crystalline state, [6]COP displays an alternating crown‐shaped conformation.
Versatile Neuromorphic Modulation and Biosensing based on N‐type Small‐molecule Organic Mixed Ionic‐Electronic Conductors
Authors: Liu Riping , Zhu Xiuyuan , Duan Jiayao , Chen Junxin , Xie Zhuang , Chen Chaoyue , Xie Xi , Zhang Yanxi , Yue Wan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe ion/chemical‐based modulation feature of organic mixed ionic‐electronic conductors (OMIECs) are critical to advancing next generation bio‐integrated neuromorphic hardware. Despite achievements with polymeric OMIECs in organic electrochemical neuronal synapse (OENS). However, small molecule OMIECs based OENS has not yet been realized. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate an effective materials design concept of combining n‐type fused all‐acceptor small molecule OMIECs with subtle side chain optimization that enables robustly and flexibly modulating versatile synaptic behavior and sensing neurotransmitter in solid or aqueous electrolyte, operating in accumulation modes. By judicious tuning the ending side chains, the linear oligoether and butyl chain derivative gNR‐Bu exhibits higher recognition accuracy for a model artificial neural network (ANN) simulation, higher steady conductance states and more outstanding ambient stability, which is superior to the state‐of‐art n‐type OMIECs based OENS. These superior artificial synapse characteristics of gNR‐Bu can be attributed to its higher crystallinity with stronger ion bonding capacities. More impressively, we unprecedentedly realized n‐type small‐molecule OMIECs based OENS as a neuromorphic biosensor enabling to respond synaptic communication signals of dopamine even at sub‐μM level in aqueous electrolyte. This work may open a new path of small‐molecule ion‐electron conductors for next‐generation ANN and bioelectronics.
Dynamic Monkey Bar Mechanism of Superionic Li‐ion Transport in LiTaCl6
Authors: Lei Ming , Li Bo , Liu Hongjun , Jiang De‐en 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe LiTaCl6 solid electrolyte has the lowest activation energy of ionic conduction at ambient conditions (0.165 eV), with a record high ionic conductivity for a ternary compound (11 mS cm−1). However, the mechanism has been unclear. We train machine‐learning force fields (MLFF) on ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) data on‐the‐fly and perform MLFF MD simulations of AIMD quality up to the nanosecond scale at the experimental temperatures, which allows us to predict accurate activation energy for Li‐ion diffusion (at 0.164 eV). Detailed analyses of trajectories and vibrational density of states show that the large‐amplitude vibrations of Cl− ions in TaCl6− enable the fast Li‐ion transport by allowing dynamic breaking and reforming of Li−Cl bonds across the space in between the TaCl6− octahedra. We term this process the dynamic‐monkey‐bar mechanism of superionic Li+ transport which could aid the development of new solid electrolytes for all‐solid‐state lithium batteries.
Leveraging Radiation‐triggered Metal Prodrug Activation Through Nanosurface Energy Transfer for Directed Radio‐chemo‐immunotherapy
Authors: Ruan Feixia , Fang Hui , Chen Fangman , Xie Xiaochun , He Maomao , Wang Ran , Lu Junna , Wu Ziping , Liu Jiali , Guo Feng , Sun Wen , Shao Dan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMetal‐based drugs currently dominate the field of chemotherapeutic agents; however, achieving the controlled activation of metal prodrugs remains a substantial challenge. Here, we propose a universal strategy for the radiation‐triggered activation of metal prodrugs via nanosurface energy transfer (NSET). The core–shell nanoplatform (Ru‐GNC) is composed of gold nanoclusters (GNC) and ruthenium (Ru)‐containing organic–inorganic hybrid coatings. Upon X‐ray irradiation, chemotherapeutic Ru (II) complexes were released in a controlled manner through a unique NSET process involving the transfer of photoelectron energy from the radiation‐excited Ru‐GNCs to the Ru‐containing hybrid layer. In contrast to the traditional radiation‐triggered activation of prodrugs, such an NSET‐based system ensures that the reactive species in the tumor microenvironment are present in sufficient quantity and are not easily quenched. Additionally, ultrasmall Ru‐GNCs preferably target mitochondria and profoundly disrupt the respiratory chain upon irradiation, leading to radiosensitization by generating abundant reactive oxygen species. Consequently, Ru‐GNC‐directed radiochemotherapy induces immunogenic cell death, resulting in significant therapeutic outcomes when combined with the programmed cell death‐ligand 1 (PD−L1) checkpoint blockade. This NSET strategy represents a breakthrough in designing radiation‐triggered nanoplatforms for metal‐prodrug‐mediated cancer treatment in an efficient and controllable manner.
Metal Vapour Synthesis of an Organometallic Barium(0) Synthon
Authors: Townrow Oliver P. E. , Färber Christian , Zenneck Ulrich , Harder Sjoerd 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA hydrocarbon‐soluble barium anthracene complex was prepared by means of metal vapour synthesis. Reaction of 9,10‐bis(trimethylsilyl)anthracene (Anth′′) with barium vapour gave deep purple Ba(Anth′′) which after extraction with diethyl ether crystallised as the cyclic octamer [Ba(Anth′′)⋅Et2O]8. Dissolution in benzene or toluene led to replacement of the Et2O ligand with a softer arene ligand and isolation of Ba(Anth′′)⋅arene. Diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY NMR ) measurements in benzene‐d6 indicate solution species with a molecular weight that equals a trimeric constitution. Natural population analysis (NPA) assigned charges of +1.70 and −1.70 to Ba and Anth′′, respectively, relating to highly ionic Ba2+/Anth′′2− bonding. Preliminary reactivity studies with air, Ph2C=NPh, or H2 show that the complex reacts as a Ba0 synthon by release of neutral Anth′′. This soluble molecular Ba0/BaII redox synthon provides new routes for the syntheses of barium complexes under mild conditions.