bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydroformylation of 1‐butene to N‐pentanal on Co‐based Materials Derived from ZIF‐67: Optimization of Pyrolysis Conditions and DFT Study
Authors: Hu Sida , Dong Xiuqin , Tian Jianhang , Wang Lingtao , Chen Yifei , Jiang Haoxi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe prepared the Co‐based materials via the pyrolysis of ZIF‐67 at low temperature (250 °C~350 °C), and obtained the optimum catalyst ZIF‐67‐Sg‐350‐10 with the conversion of 1‐butene, aldehyde selectivity and n/i ratio of 94.9 %, 77.1 % and 2.2, respectively. The conversion of 1‐butene and aldehyde selectivity obviously increased with the increasing pyrolysis temperature and pyrolysis time. It was found that the interaction between the Co cluster and N‐doped carbon composites could improve the hydroformylation activity. Different catalyst models were built to investigate the active centers (Co) in the derived materials. The Co‐N4 surface was the best catalyst model with the lowest hydrogen insertion reaction energy barrier (0.37 eV).
C‐Doped g‐C3N4 for Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of Azo Dyes under Visible Light
Authors: Wang Shiyu , Yang Jiali , Cong Hongjin , Li Xinyi , Wang Rui , Yang Meiyu , Qin Mian , Jin Kejie , Zhao Yang , Wang Huan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA type of photocatalytic agent graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) has been formed by the thermal polymerization of urea with citric acid, with various contents of C in its material (CN‐x). Through the characterization of its morphology, structure, chemical composition, and photoelectric properties, it is found that the introduction of C dopant enhances sunlight absorption and facilitates electron‐hole separation and charge transfer within the g‐C3N4 structure. By further optimizing the doping amount of C, the photocatalytic degradation rates of CN‐10 on Rh B, methylene blue and amaranth reached 97.2 %, 94.2 %, and 91.2 % within 40 min, which were 1.1 times, 1.3 times, and 2 times of the unmodified g‐C3N4, respectively. Sacrifice experiments showed that ⋅O2− and ⋅OH were the main active substances in the photocatalytic degradation of Rh B and amaranth. In the degradation of methylene blue, ⋅O2− and h+ were then the main active substances.
Unsymmetrical pyrenyl‐thiophene‐benzothiazole iridium complexes supported on reduced graphene oxide as an efficient catalyst for N‐alkylation of amides with alcohols
Authors: Zhu Haiyan , Yang Chen , Wang Likui , Wang Dawei , Duan Zheng‐Chao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAn iridium complex based on the unsymmetrical pyrenyl‐thiophene‐benzothiazole ligand was synthesized, and the iridium complex was supported on reduced graphene oxide successfully. The developed iridium catalyst PTB‐Ir@rGO was characterized through SEM, TEM, XPS, EDS. Meanwhile, we found that this heterogeneous iridium catalyst had high catalytic activity in N‐alkylation of benzamide with alcohols via borrowing hydrogen strategy. Moreover, several control reactions and preliminary mechanism explorations were carried out to study this transformation. Finally, the recycling experiment showed that the catalyst could be reused at least five times without a significant decrease in catalytic activity.
Enhanced catalytic performance for methane dehydro‐aromatization on Mo/HMCM‐49 prepared with citric acid
Authors: Hu Jing , Yang Chunxue , Wang Dawei , Liu Bing , Guan Qingxu , Dong Peijun , Wang Shengyan , Liu Jinglin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA simple citric acid (CA)‐ammonium molybdate co‐impregnation method was applied to prepare the Mo‐based MCM‐49 catalyst to ameliorate the dispersion of metallic Mo for methane dehydro‐aromatization reaction (MDA). The newly prepared catalyst has higher crystallinity and maintains the original morphology of zeolite, which proves that the addition of citric acid will not destroy the basic structure of the catalyst. Based on H2‐TPR, UV‐vis, NH3‐TPD and XPS characterization results, it can be corroborated that the introduction of citric acid changes the coordination state of Mo element. Brønsted acid sites can stabilize the monomeric Mo oxide species by increasing MoOx migration into the MCM‐49 zeolite pores channel after calcination, which may affect the distribution of active sites MoCx and thus improve MDA catalytic activity. The experimental results show that the Mo‐based MCM‐49 catalyst with nCA : nMo ratios of 1.0 has higher methane conversion (14.5 %) and aromatics yield (9.8 %). The combination of XPS, TG and Raman tests of the spent catalyst confirms that the newly synthesized catalysts produce less carbon deposition, thus improving the catalytic durability during the MDA reaction.
Performance and Mechanism of Modified Orange Peel as a Highly Efficient Adsorbent for Lead(II) and Mercury(II) Removal from an Aqueous Solution
Authors: Altunkaynak Yalçın , Canpolat Mutlu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis research involves evaluating the use of modified orange peel (MOP) in the removal of Pb2+ and Hg2+ from wastewater. For the modification process, certain concentrations of ethanol, NaOH, and CaCl2 solution were added to the washed and dried orange peel and kept at room temperature for 24 hours. The mixture was then subjected to filtration and rinsed with distilled water until the pH level reached 7. For this reason, the effects of Pb2+ and Hg2+ on the adsorption efficiency were examined by performing batch experiments. The surface properties of MOP were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) techniques. The results revealed that, among the various models, the Langmuir isotherm model provided the best fit to the isotherm data for Hg2+ and Pb2+ ions. Based on the kinetic data of adsorption, the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model provided a more accurate description of the adsorption process for Pb2+ and Hg2+ ions. According to thermodynamic analyses, both metal ions bind to MOP spontaneously and endothermally. MOP was determined to be a reliable and valid alternative material for the removal of Pb2+ and Hg2+ from aqueous environments based on its qualities such as high adsorption capacity, ease of availability, low cost, use of agricultural waste, recycling potential, and no environmental impact.
First Order Derivative of Differential Pulse Voltammetry for the Selective and Sensitive 4‐Nitrophenol Determination in the Presence of 2‐Nitrophenol at a Bare Graphite Electrode
Authors: Stoytcheva Margarita , Velkova Zdravka , Gochev Velizar , Toscano‐Palomar Lydia , Valdez Benjamin , Curiel Mario 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDerivative processing of the signal obtained by differential pulse voltammetry was applied in this work as a simple strategy to achieve the sensitive and selective 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP) determination in the presence of the interfering compound 2‐nitrophenol (2‐NP). The derivative voltammogram displayed a well‐defined and fully separated 4‐nitrophenol anodic peak, which was used for its quantification in two linear concentration ranges extended up to 10 μmol L−1 and up to 100 μmol L−1. A LOD as low as 0.1 μmol L−1 (S/N=3) was achieved using spectroscopic graphite electrode without any modification. The accuracy of the 4‐NP determination in the presence of 2‐NP, assessed by spike‐and‐recovery experiments was found to be satisfactory. 4‐NP determination was not affected by the presence of a range of structurally similar phenolic compounds.
Novel Catalysis Systems for the Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Zhu Yifan , Zhang Jiahui 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs), an emerging class of crystalline polymers, are meticulously constructed through covalent bonds, resulting in well‐defined structures and crystalline characteristics. Precise control over their architecture, permeability, and functionality can be easily achieved simply via selection of precursor monomers. The tailored architecture and functionality make COFs versatile for various applications including gas storage, pollutant removal, catalysis, and energy storage. Efficient synthesis of COFs with high crystallinity and high yield significantly improves their performance. However, conventional synthetic methods often involve complex setups and costs. Innovations in catalysis have emerged as solutions, including refined activation procedures, novel catalysts, and alternative synthesis conditions. This review comprehensively explores current catalysis systems for COF synthesis, detailing catalysts for various linkages, elucidating mechanisms, and addressing challenges. Future directions and extensions of COF synthesis and applications are also highlighted.
Synthesis and Application of Encapsulating Metal/Sulfonic Dual‐Acid Based Phosphotungstic Acid Ionic Liquids
Authors: Shi Hong , Wang Tiantian , Zhao Qian 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn recent years, ionic liquids have been widely used for industrial acid‐catalysis. The enhancements of the acidity and immobilization of ionic liquids have been drawing increasing attention from researchers. In this study, dual‐acid based phosphotungstic acid ionic liquids (PWILs) modified by a variety of metal ions (Fe3+, Cu2+, Al3+) and sulfonic acid group (−SO3) were synthesized. They were subsequently embeded into B‐SBA‐16 mesoporous molecular sieves with acidic sites to produce a plurality of encapsulating metal/sulfonic dual‐acid based phosphotungstic acid ionic liquids (MnPWIL/B‐SBA‐16s) composite catalysts. The structural properties, thermal stability, and encapsulation of the as‐fabricated composite catalysts were systematically investigated by FT‐IR, BET, SAXD, TEM, TG‐DSC and XPS. Moreover, the catalytic performances of the composite catalysts were evaluated using the ketalization of cyclohexanone with ethylene glycol as a model reaction. Among the different composite catalysts, Al0.50PWIL/B‐SBA‐16 showed the highest cyclohexanone conversion of 94.05 % and the maximum cyclohexanone glycol ketal yield of 83.45 %. Meanwhile, this catalyst still exhibited superior catalytic properties after five cycles of the catalytic reaction. These results demonstrate the high activity and durability of the novel ionic liquid composite catalyst.
Identification of the Chemical Components Derived from the Two‐Phase Electrocoagulation of Diesel Fuel
Authors: Lawal Nafisat , Thaveesangsakulthai Isaya , Nhujak Thumnoon , Kulsing Chadin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this study, two‐phase electrocoagulation (EC) approach was developed and used to investigate blend of bio‐diesel and petro‐diesel (B10) stability under the electrochemical treatment. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) was used to analyze the aliquots before and after the reaction. The major compounds were alkanes and aromatic compounds with the minor contents of aldehydes, ketones, esters, alkenes, alkynes, halogens, oxygenated compounds, and heterocyclic compounds. The selected condition for the reaction was 10 V and 60 min which resulted in 9.9×109 counts per s total peak area of compounds containing from nine to seventeen carbon atoms (C9 to C17) compared with 6.8×108 counts per s for the control. The peak areas of the straight chain alkanes increased from 12 % to 33 % of the total peak areas observed after the experiment. Compounds with higher peak areas were found between C12 to C14 with the retention indices range of 1155–1678. The EC treatment mainly increased the straight and branched alkane and alcohol contents with the decreasing contents of branched cyclic alkanes. The developed system could be adapted to study the stability of other types of fuels. This is cost effective and can be performed within an hour at room temperature under atmospheric pressure.
Spinning an entrepreneurial career: Motivation, attribution, and the development of organizational capabilities
Authors: Lee Hyeonsuh , Shah Sonali K. , Agarwal Rajshree 
Published: December 2023

AbstractResearch SummaryWe inductively examine how the careers of employee entrepreneurs unfold, uncovering the role of motives and attribution for failure. Founders expressing organizational misalignment motives for leaving established organizations engaged in “venture crafting” whereby they actively sought to build well‐functioning organizations. They built successful initial ventures and careers. Founders lacking organizational misalignment motives generally founded initial ventures that failed: however, those making internal attributions altered their behaviors and built successful careers; in contrast, founders making external attributions continued founding unsuccessful ventures. These findings suggest that building organizational capabilities—and not merely inheriting capabilities from existing organizations—is a cornerstone of building successful entrepreneurial careers. Our findings are based on detailed career history and archival data on employee entrepreneurs in the disk‐drive industry.Managerial SummaryOur study follows careers of individuals leaving employment to create ventures, providing insights for entrepreneurs and managers. Though entrepreneurs often choose to focus solely on building a stellar product, our study underscores the importance of crafting well‐functioning organizations for career and venture success. Moreover, in case where initial ventures fail, founders who make internal attribution generate a “second chance” at success, whether as serial entrepreneurs or by returning to paid employment. Those who attribute failure to external factors, however, repeat their mistakes. For managers, our study reveals that the genesis of successful entrepreneurial careers is rooted in organizational deficiencies that prevent talented employees from thriving as intrapreneurs. The venture crafters typically left their jobs only after attempts to amend these issues were unsuccessful.
Interfacial Assembly of Bacterial Microcompartment Shell Proteins in Aqueous Multiphase Systems
Authors: Abeysinghe A. A. Dharani T. , Young Eric J. , Rowland Andrew T. , Dunshee Lucas C. , Urandur Sandeep , Sullivan Millicent O. , Kerfeld Cheryl A. , Keating Christine D. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCompartments are a fundamental feature of life, based variously on lipid membranes, protein shells, or biopolymer phase separation. Here, this combines self‐assembling bacterial microcompartment (BMC) shell proteins and liquid‐liquid phase separation (LLPS) to develop new forms of compartmentalization. It is found that BMC shell proteins assemble at the liquid‐liquid interfaces between either 1) the dextran‐rich droplets and PEG‐rich continuous phase of a poly(ethyleneglycol)(PEG)/dextran aqueous two‐phase system, or 2) the polypeptide‐rich coacervate droplets and continuous dilute phase of a polylysine/polyaspartate complex coacervate system. Interfacial protein assemblies in the coacervate system are sensitive to the ratio of cationic to anionic polypeptides, consistent with electrostatically‐driven assembly. In both systems, interfacial protein assembly competes with aggregation, with protein concentration and polycation availability impacting coating. These two LLPS systems are then combined to form a three‐phase system wherein coacervate droplets are contained within dextran‐rich phase droplets. Interfacial localization of BMC hexameric shell proteins is tunable in a three‐phase system by changing the polyelectrolyte charge ratio. The tens‐of‐micron scale BMC shell protein‐coated droplets introduced here can accommodate bioactive cargo such as enzymes or RNA and represent a new synthetic cell strategy for organizing biomimetic functionality.
Photomodulation of the Mechanical Properties and Photo‐Actuation of Chitosan‐Based Thin Films Modified with an Azobenzene‐Derivative
Authors: von Seggern Nils , Oehlsen Nina , Moudrakovski Igor , Stegbauer Linus 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA sophisticated comprehension of the impacts of photoisomerization and photothermal phenomena on biogenic and responsive materials can provide a guiding framework for future applications. Herein, the procedure to manufacture homogeneous chitosan‐based smart thin films are reported by incorporating the light‐responsive azobenzene‐derivative Sodium‐4‐[(4‐(2‐(2‐(2‐methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)phenyl)diazen‐yl]‐benzenesulfonate (TEGABS) in the biopolymer through electrostatic interactions. When irradiated with UV‐light the TEGABS/chitosan films show a biresponse, comprising the E→Z photoisomerization with a half‐life of 13 – 20 h and the light‐induced evaporation of residual moisture leading to an increase in the reduced indentation modulus (up to 49%) and hardness. Freestanding films of TEGABS/chitosan show actuation up to 13° while irradiated with UV‐light. This work shows the potential of biogenic polysaccharides in the design of biresponsive materials with photomodulated mechanical properties and unveils the link between the humidity of the environment, residual moisture, and the photomodulation of the mechanical properties.
Effect of Majoon‐e‐Nisyan (a traditional polyherbal Unani formulation) in animal models of learning and memory
Authors: Shaikh Masud , Urooj Mohd , Viquar Uzma , Javed Ghazala , Kazmi Munawwar Husain , Husain Gulam Mohammed 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimAccording to classical Unani literature, the multicomponent traditional Unani formulation majoon‐e‐nisyan is used to treat amnesia and cognitive impairment. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate majoon‐e‐nisyan's effectiveness in improving cognitive function.MethodsMajoon‐e‐Nisyan was prepared as per traditional method. The cognitive function was evaluated using the passive avoidance test and the water maze experiment in mice. The effectiveness of the test drug was compared to that of the positive control drug, piracetam.ResultsPassive avoidance data recorded during the memory retention trial showed that transfer latency was significantly increased by majoon‐e‐nisyan at 1000 mg/kg bw (body weight) (p < 0.05) and at 1500 mg/kg bw (p < 0.001) as well as by the positive control (p < 0.001) compared to scopolamine control (negative control). Data of the water maze experiment showed a significant increase (p < 0.01) in time spent near the platform quadrant following treatment with the test drug at mid‐dose (1000 mg/kg bw) and high dose (1500 mg/kg bw) in comparison with vehicle control. A significant increase in time spent in the platform quadrant was also observed in the piracetam group (p < 0.01).ConclusionThe study indicated that majoon‐e‐nisyan had a beneficial effect on cognitive functions at tested dose levels of 1000 and 1500 mg/kg bw in both models. However, the dose of 500 mg/kg bw was ineffective. The current study was successful in demonstrating the effectiveness of majoon‐e‐nisyan using two validated mouse models. Our findings provide more evidence in favor of the concept of hot‐tempered medications used in traditional Unani medicine to treat dementia. This formulation may be used as an alternative to conventional dementia medications.
Chlamydia psittaci: an emerging cause of equine abortion and fatal neonatal illness in south‐eastern Australia
Authors: El‐Hage Charles , Gilkerson James 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWhile well known as a zoonotic pathogen of birds, Chlamydia psittaci is less well recognised as a cause of abortion in mares and severe infection in foals. However, in the past decade it has been causing epizootics of both in south‐eastern Australia, as Charles El‐Hage and James Gilkerson explain.
Case report of canine discoid lupus erythematosus in Guatemala
Authors: De León‐Robles Estefany , Colmenares Mariana , Calderón Gylari Mhelanya 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAn 11‐year‐old male Golden Retriever was presented for consultation due to a chronic progressive lesion on the nose that had started a year before. The majority of the nasal mucosa was affected, with the disruption of the normal architecture, pigment atrophy and abundant peeling on the rostral plane. Histopathology revealed a band of lichenoid infiltrate at the interface and vacuolation of the cells in the basal layer consistent with a diagnosis of canine discoid lupus erythematosus.
Using Physical and Virtual Labs for Experimentation in STEM+ Education: From Theory and Research to Practice
Authors: Pavlou Yvoni , Zacharia Zacharias C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe focus of this paper is tο inform the research about and practice of laboratory experimentation in STEM+ education, which can be enacted with the use of physical laboratories (PL) and/or virtual laboratories (VL). Theoretical perspectives and empirical evidence are discussed. The theoretical perspectives were drawn from embodied cognition theories and haptic perspectives on learning, and the empirical evidence was drawn from studies focusing on the comparison and combination/blending of VL and PL during experimentation. Both perspectives support the idea that both PL and VL are viable means of experimentation for students. Considerations, such as the affordances of PL (e.g., availability of haptic sensory feedback) and VL (e.g., ability to visualize abstract concepts) and students’ background (e.g., misconceptions, relevant prior embodied experiences), in conjunction with the learning objectives of each experiment, are essential when selecting/combining VL and PL. Research is still needed to develop a comprehensive framework for the optimal integration of the two modes of experimentation in STEM+ education.
Factors Influencing the Intention of Students in Regard to Stem Cell Donation for Leukemia Patients: A Comparison of Non-intenders and Intenders
Authors: Holzer Julia , Elster Doris 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study investigates factors influencing students’ intention to donate stem cells to leukemia patients. As a theoretical framework, an extended model based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is used, the TPB+ model. TPB+ model includes motivational internal factors of TPB (behavioral, normative and control beliefs), and selected external factors, such as knowledge, moral obligation, moral reasoning, self-identity as a helper, and empathy, which were identified as influencing factors, especially in studies about blood donation.Based on the theoretical frame, the teaching unit “Wake up – sensitization for stem cell donation” was developed and conducted with 94 10th to 12th graders from German high schools. The research question was: To what extent do the measured constructs of TPB+ change among non-intenders and intenders (students with high or low levels of intention for a stem cell donation) after participation in the “Wake up” teaching unit? The participants completed a questionnaire before and after the teaching unit. The data were analyzed with t-tests. The findings demonstrate that the teaching unit significantly influences some factors (e.g. negative attitude-related beliefs, control beliefs, moral obligation and subject knowledge), as well as the intention of non-intenders and intenders for stem cell donation.