bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal variations of microplastic in sediment, Chironomus sp. larvae, and chironomid tubes in two wastewater sites in Sohag Governorate, Egypt
Authors: Khedre Azza M. , Ramadan Somaia A. , Ashry Ali , Alaraby Mohamed 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMicroplastic (MP) contamination is an acknowledged global problem that poses a severe risk to aquatic ecosystem biota. Nevertheless, little is known about their prevalence in animal construction. The main objective of our study was to reduce the gap information of seasonal abundance, distribution, composition, and risk assessment of MP contamination. The concentrations of MPs in sediment,Chironomussp. larvae, and their tubes were found to be higher in site 2 (S2) than in site 1 (S1) during the four seasons of the year. However, MP concentrations ranged from 312 ± 64.7 to 470 ± 70 items/kg dry weight, 0.79 ± 0.16 to 1.1 ± 0.3 particles/individual, and 0.5 ± 0.04 to 0.9 ± 0.04 particles/tube in sediment,Chironomus, and chironomid tubes, respectively. Blue and red polyester fibers are the most dominant MPs which are distributed in sediment,Chironomus, and chironomid tubes. The length of the dominant fiber accumulates inChironomus, and their tubes are highly varied compared to that of the substrate. Additionally, we found that the mean number of MPs/individual larvae in the fourth instar was significantly higher than that in the second instar. Risk indicators for the environment, polymer risk assessment, and pollution load were estimated, where they were higher in S2 than in S1 correlated to MPs abundance and polymer type. The seasonal fluctuation in MP concentration, characterization, and risk in the two sites could depend on the amount of sewage effluent discharged into the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), which was reflected byChironomussp. larvae. Therefore, further research should be done to adopt the applicability ofChironomusas MP bioindicators in various freshwater environments throughout the world.
Building bridges or digging the trench? International organizations, social media, and polarized fragmentation
Authors: Ecker-Ehrhardt Matthias 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCommunication departments of international organizations (IOs) are important intermediaries of global governance who increasingly use social media to reach out to citizens directly. Social media pose new challenges for IO communication such as a highly competitive economy of attention and the fragmentation of the audiences driven by networked curation of content and selective exposure. In this context, communication departments have to make tough choices about what to communicate and how, aggravating inherent tensions between IO communication as comprehensive public information (aimed at institutional transparency)—and partisan political advocacy (aimed at normative change). If IO communication focuses on advocacy it might garner substantial resonance on social media. Such advocacy nevertheless fails to the extent that it fosters the polarized fragmentation of networked communication and undermines the credibility of IO communication as a source of trustworthy information across polarized “echo chambers.” The paper illustrates this argument through a content and social network analysis of Twitter communication on the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM). Remarkably, instead of facilitating cross-cluster communication (“building bridges”) Twitter handles run by the United Nations Department of Global Communications (UNDGC) seem to have substantially fostered ideological fragmentation (“digging the trench”) by their way of partisan retweeting, mentioning, and (hash)tagging.
Prevalence of Sexual Violence and Intimate Partner Violence Among US Military Veterans: Findings from Surveys with Two National Samples
Authors: Iverson Katherine M. , Livingston Whitney S. , Vogt Dawne , Smith Brian N. , Kehle-Forbes Shannon M. , Mitchell Karen S. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Sexual violence (SV) and intimate partner violence (IPV) experiences are major social determinants of adverse health. There is limited prevalence data on these experiences for veterans, particularly across sociodemographic groups.

Objective
To estimate the prevalence of SV before, during, and after military service and lifetime and past-year IPV for women and men, and explore differences across sociodemographic groups.

Design
Data are from two national cross-sectional surveys conducted in 2020. Weighted prevalence estimates of SV and IPV experiences were computed, and weighted logistic regression models were used for comparisons across gender, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and age.

Participants
Study 1 included veterans of all service eras (N = 1187; 50.0% women; 29% response rate). Study 2 included recently separated post-9/11 veterans (N = 1494; 55.2% women; 19.4% response rate).

Main Measures
SV was assessed with the Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory-2 (DRRI-2). IPV was assessed with the extended Hurt-Insult-Threaten-Scream Tool.

Key Results
Women were more likely than men to experience pre-military SV (study 1: 39.9% vs. 8.7%, OR = 6.96, CIs: 4.71–10.28; study 2: 36.2% vs. 8.6%, OR = 6.04, CIs: 4.18–8.71), sexual harassment and/or assault during military service (study 1: 55.0% vs. 16.8%, OR = 6.30, CIs: 4.57–8.58; study 2: 52.9% vs. 26.9%, OR = 3.08, CIs: 2.38–3.98), and post-military SV (study 1: 12.4% vs. 0.9%, OR = 15.49, CIs: 6.42–36.97; study 2: 7.5% vs. 1.5%, OR = 5.20, CIs: 2.26–11.99). Women were more likely than men to experience lifetime IPV (study 1: 45.7% vs. 37.1%, OR = 1.38, CIs: 1.04–1.82; study 2: 45.4% and 34.8%, OR = 1.60, CIs: 1.25–2.04) but not past-year IPV (study 1: 27.9% vs. 28.3%, OR = 0.95, CIs: 0.70–1.28; study 2: 33.1% vs. 28.5%, OR = 1.24, CIs: 0.95–1.61). When controlling for gender, there were few differences across other sociodemographic groups, with the exception of sexual orientation.

Conclusions
Understanding veterans’ experiences of SV and IPV can inform identification and intervention efforts, especially for women and sexual minorities.
“Anxiety, COVID, Burnout and Now Depression”: a Qualitative Study of Primary Care Clinicians’ Perceptions of Burnout
Authors: Goldberg Debora Goetz , Soylu Tulay , Hoffman Carolyn Faith , Kishton Rachel E. , Cronholm Peter F. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Clinician burnout has become a major issue in the USA, contributing to increased mental health challenges and problems with quality of care, productivity, and retention.

Objective
The objective of this study was to understand primary care clinicians’ perspectives on burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic as well as their perspectives on the causes of burnout and strategies to improve clinician well-being.

Approach
This qualitative research involved in-depth interviews with 27 primary care clinicians practicing in a range of settings across the USA. Semi-structured interviews lasted between 60 and 90 min and were conducted using Zoom video conferencing software between July 2021 and February 2023. Transcripts were analyzed in NVivo software using multiple cycles of coding.

Key Results
Clinicians shared their experiences with burnout and mental health challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. Contributors to burnout included high levels of documentation, inefficiencies of electronic health record (EHR) systems, high patient volume, staffing shortages, and expectations for responding to patient emails and telephone calls. The majority of participants described the need to work after clinic hours to complete documentation. Many clinicians also discussed the need for health system leaders to make sincere efforts to enhance work-life balance and create a culture of health and well-being for health professionals. Suggested strategies to address these issues included supportive leadership, accessible mental health services, and additional administrative time to complete documentation.

Conclusions
The results of this study provide an in-depth view of participating primary care clinicians’ experiences and perceptions of burnout and other mental health challenges. These viewpoints can improve awareness of the issues and strategies to improve the health and well-being of our clinician workforce. Strategies include aligning payment models with the best approaches for delivering quality patient care, reducing administrative burden related to documentation, and redesigning EHR systems with a human factors approach.
Effects of recalling episodes of influencing attempts on cognition in Japan
Authors: Imai Yoshiaki 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study examined the power-cognition relationships in Japan, considering the differences related to interpersonal influence from Western cultures. Participants were instructed to recall episodes of influencing others (high-power condition) or being influenced by others (low-power condition), think about managing a group as a leader, or recall the summary of a drama or movie as a control condition. In Study 1, participants in the high-power condition reported a higher sense of power than those in the low-power condition. Participants in the control condition of Study 2 rated their sense of power the least among the four experimental conditions. However, there were no differences in innovativeness, positive affection, and the Behavioral Approach System between the high-power and control conditions. Many of the results of Bayesian factors supported the null hypotheses. These results did not support the power-cognition relationships. Considering that the Japanese are globally considered to be less assertive, these results suggest a low susceptibility to the activation of a sense of power and the possibility of a weakness in the frame of power in Japanese interpersonal relationships.
Multi-level effects of authentic leadership on self-actualization at work – the mediating roles of authentic followership and basic psychological need satisfaction
Authors: Schoofs Laura Klara , Maunz Lucas Alexander , Glaser Jürgen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAuthentic leaders are self-aware of their values and beliefs and continuously strive to create meaningful organizational contexts that promote the growth and selfactualization of subordinates. Following self-determination theory (SDT), this study examines whether follower authenticity and basic psychological need satisfaction (BPNS) serve as mediators between the association of authentic leadership and indicators of self-actualization at work. We used the data of 53 team leaders and 171 team members from one global company. Results of three multi-level mediation models indicated that followers? authenticity and BPNS mediate the link between group leaders? authentic leadership and followers? self-actualization at work. In line with fundamental assumptions of SDT, our findings suggest that follower self-actualization is influenced by authentic leadership but also emerges from a synergistic effect between leader and follower authenticity and follower BPNS. We discuss how future research and practice may promote employee authenticity and personal development in work environments.
Cobalt-Free BaFe0.6Zr0.1Y0.3O3−δ Oxygen Electrode for Reversible Protonic Ceramic Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Yang Chenghao , Li Jin , Hu Ao , Pu Jian , Chi Bo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractReversible protonic ceramic electrochemical cells (R-PCECs) are ideal, high-efficiency devices that are environmentally friendly and have a modular design. This paper studies BaFe0.6Zr0.1Y0.3O3−δ (BFZY3) as a cobalt-free perovskite oxygen electrode for high-performance R-PCECs where Y ions doping can increase the concentration of oxygen vacancies with a remarkable increase in catalytic performance. The cell with configuration of Ni-BZCYYb/BZCYYb/BFZY3 demonstrated promising performance in dual modes of fuel cells (FCs) and electrolysis cells (ECs) at 650 °C with low polarization resistance of 0.13 Ω cm2, peak power density of 546.59 mW/cm2 in FC mode, and current density of − 1.03 A/cm2 at 1.3 V in EC mode. The alternative operation between FC and EC modes for up to eight cycles with a total of 80 h suggests that the cell with BFZY3 is exceptionally stable and reversible over the long term. The results indicated that BFZY3 has considerable potential as an air electrode material for R-PCECs, permitting efficient oxygen reduction and water splitting.
What can be done with today’s budget and demand? Scenarios of rural public transport automation in Mühlwald (South Tyrol)
Authors: Dianin Alberto , Gidam Michael , Hauger Georg 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRural public transport is typically limited in its coverage, frequency and service period. This is often linked to a low and dispersed demand, which makes the provision of competitive transport services often financially unsustainable. Autonomous vehicles (AVs) might change this condition, allowing for an upgrade of public transport in rural areas. Nevertheless, current studies are mostly focused on urban areas, while the potential for rural applications remains underexplored. This paper contributes to this research line by developing a set of so-called AV scenarios for a potential upgrade of public transport in the rural study area of Mühlwald (South Tyrol, Italy). These scenarios are designed following three core principles. First, line-based and on-demand applications of AVs are not only individually tested, but even combined over space and time in different manners to exploit their synergy. Second, the performances of the scenarios are quantified by assuming the today´s agency cost budget, public-transport demand and peak-hour system capacity to be fixed parameters to comply with. Third, the uncertainties regarding the impacts of AVs on the agency costs are taken into account by defining optimistic, neutral and pessimistic variants of each scenario. Results indicate that the full replacement of current bus lines with a system of on-demand shared taxis might provide the highest performance improvements with the same budget as today, but only with a much bigger fleet. At the same time, the combination of bus lines and on-demand services over time (and space) might provide similarly competitive results while keeping the needed fleet size, service distance and service time relatively low. With this study, policy makers may get insights into the potential improvements of rural public transport that might be initially obtained with different uses of AVs, given a fixed agency cost budget and demand.
Computation of topographic and three-dimensional atomic force microscopy images of biopolymers by calculating forces
Authors: Sumikama Takashi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAtomic force microscopy (AFM) is widely utilized to visualize the molecular motions of biomolecules. Comparison of experimentally measured AFM images with simulated AFM images based on known structures of biomolecules is often necessary to elucidate what is actually resolved in the images. Experimental AFM images are generated by force measurements; however, conventional AFM simulation has been based on geometrical considerations rather than calculating forces using molecular dynamics simulations due to limited computation time. This letter summarizes recently developed methods to simulate topographic and three-dimensional AFM (3D-AFM) images of biopolymers such as chromosomes and cytoskeleton fibers. Scanning such biomolecules in AFM measurements usually results in nonequilibrium-type work being performed. As such, the Jarzynski equality was employed to relate the nonequilibrium work to the free energy profiles, and the forces were calculated by differentiating the free energy profiles. The biomolecules and probes were approximated using a supra-coarse-grained model, allowing the simulation of force-distance curves in feasible time. It was found that there is an optimum scanning velocity and that some of polymer structures are resolved in the simulated 3D-AFM images. The theoretical background adopted to rationalize the use of small probe radius in the conventional AFM simulation of biomolecules is clarified.
Self-learning Agents for Recommerce Markets
Authors: Groeneveld Jan , Herrmann Judith , Mollenhauer Nikkel , Dreeßen Leonard , Bessin Nick , Tast Johann Schulze , Kastius Alexander , Huegle Johannes , Schlosser Rainer 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNowadays, customers as well as retailers look for increased sustainability. Recommerce markets – which offer the opportunity to trade-in and resell used products – are constantly growing and help to use resources more efficiently. To manage the additional prices for the trade-in and the resale of used product versions challenges retailers as substitution and cannibalization effects have to be taken into account. An unknown customer behavior as well as competition with other merchants regarding both sales and buying back resources further increases the problem’s complexity. Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms offer the potential to deal with such tasks. However, before being applied in practice, self-learning algorithms need to be tested synthetically to examine whether they and which work in different market scenarios. In the paper, the authors evaluate and compare different state-of-the-art RL algorithms within a recommerce market simulation framework. They find that RL agents outperform rule-based benchmark strategies in duopoly and oligopoly scenarios. Further, the authors investigate the competition between RL agents via self-play and study how performance results are affected if more or less information is observable (cf. state components). Using an ablation study, they test the influence of various model parameters and infer managerial insights. Finally, to be able to apply self-learning agents in practice, the authors show how to calibrate synthetic test environments from observable data to be used for effective pre-training.
Optimization of solar tree performance in Egypt: a simulation-based investigation
Authors: Rabie Ahmed , Thabet Doha , Elsayed Kariman , Elbadawy Marwa , Abdellatif Ibrahim , Shalaby Raafat 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe paper discusses the orientation and positions of solar panels in a solar tree. Solar energy contributes to the most available and abundant energy source in Egypt. Hence, The PV system is considered a promising solution to generate power from this source. However, its energy density is low. Therefore, the solar tree is considered in this paper as it has higher density and fits the urban cities of Egypt. The design of the solar tree is divided into two sections: the study of the solar panel’s orientation and positions. For the solar tree orientation, a single-objective genetic algorithm is used to maximize the total incident irradiance on a tilted solar panel. The output of this optimization problem is 20 optimal angles for the tilt angle ($$\beta$$
β
) and surface azimuth angle of the solar panel ($$\gamma$$
γ
). These angles are inputted to the second methodology to determine their positions. In this methodology, a multi-objective genetic algorithm is used to trade between the area occupied by the solar tree representing the cost and the power loss due to the shading of the solar panels on each other; the output is the coordinates of the center of each solar panel. The proposed solar tree design increased the incident irradiance from 4427.389 to 4496.584 watts/m2/year using the optimal angles and the output power increased as the shadow loss decreased from 904.685 watts to 300 watts. The final design of the solar tree is 5 m in height and 1.13 m wide.
Die Rolle der artifiziellen Intelligenz in der Gastroenterologie – Already changing the game!
Authors: Heinrich Henriette S. , Bauerfeind Peter 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Artifizielle Intelligenz (AI) wird oft als Zukunftsmusik abgetan – dabei verändert sie bereits zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt die Gegenwart vieler Gastroenterolog/innen. Die beiden prominentesten Beispiele sind der Einsatz einer AI im Bereich der Polypendetektion bei der Vorsorgekoloskopie und die Veränderungen, die die Verwendung von ChatGPT im Bereich der Administration und Patientenversorgung mit sich bringt.In vielen anderen Bereichen wie der Diagnostik des Barrettkarzinomes oder bei der Klassifizierung von Pankreaszysten wird die AI in Zukunft die diagnostischen Fähigkeiten von Gastroenterolog/innen verbessern. Offene Fragen bleiben in Bezug auf die Sichtweise des Patienten auf den Einsatz dieser neuen Techniken und den Einsatz der AI in der Ausbildung und Lehre.
The Significance of Nursing Care in the Post-anesthesia Care Unit and Barriers to Care
Authors: Mert Selda 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) is the section where the effects of anesthesia are expected to pass following surgery, the patient's vital signs are aimed to be stable, and the prevention of possible complications is aimed. In PACU, patients may encounter many complications after surgery and anesthesia. The most common complications include acute pain, hypoxemia, nausea, vomiting, delirium, hypothermia, etc. It is stated that most of the complications in the post-anesthesia care phase are seen between the first 1 and 5 h. Nursing care is significant in PACU to improve the quality of recovery of patients and to prevent complications that may occur. Nurses must be highly qualified and have knowledge and skills in the treatment and care of patients from different surgeries of varying complexity that require specialized and individualized care. Complications and side effects can be detected early with adequate nursing observation, care, and treatment in PACU, and the incidence of complications, mortality rates, and length of hospital stay can be reduced with timely intervention. However, unexpected increases in patient volume or acuity, prolonged patient stay in the unit, nurses' lack of knowledge and skills in some subjects, lack of staff, excessive workload, communication barriers between surgeons, anesthesiologists, and nurses, the absence of structured information reporting systems, lack of a standard PACU transfer checklist, and inability to allocate sufficient time for nursing care due to heavy administrative burden in addition to psychosocial factors such as high stress, insufficient sleep, and lack of active rest intervals, prevent adequate nursing care in PACU. The existing literature does not offer a comprehensive examination of nursing care in the PACU, the complications arising therein, impediments to nursing care, or recommendations to address these challenges. This review, seeking to elucidate the methodologies of nursing care within the PACU, highlighting its significance, identifying challenges, and proposing solutions, is anticipated to act as a foundational guide for practitioners, administrators, and scholars in the domain, facilitating the resolution of nursing care barriers and enhancing the body of knowledge on this topic.