bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antifungal susceptibility profile of yeasts isolated from the oral cavity of cats
Authors: Nikaein Donya , Shirani Dariush , Sharifzadeh Aghil , Alavi Ava , Khosravi Ali Reza 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundMicroorganisms living in the oral cavity play an important role in health and disease of the host. Cats are susceptible to oral infections, and it is documented that fungi in the oral cavity could impact these infections. Antifungal resistance has been increasing in recent years.ObjectivesThis study was designed to identify yeast isolates from the oral cavity of healthy cats and to evaluate their antifungal susceptibility pattern.MethodsOral specimens were collected from 60 cats and cultured at 37°C for 10 days. Yeasts were isolated and identified. Their antifungal susceptibility pattern was determined according to CLSI M44‐A.ResultsThree yeast genera were isolated, including Candida spp (55.5%), Rhodotorula spp (33.3%) and Hanseniaspora spp (11.1%). Antifungal susceptibility profiling showed that, apart from a dose‐dependent effect of itraconazole, Hanseniaspora spp was susceptible to all seven drugs studied. The Candida species were susceptible to all drugs except ketoconazole (sensitivity 80%) and caspofungin (sensitivity 40%). In R. glutinis and R. minuta, 100% sensitivity was observed for amphotericin B, posaconazole, ketoconazole and voriconazole.ConclusionsThe results suggest that, in comparison with humans and other animals, cats have a different oral mycoflora in terms of species, number and diversity. However, these isolates have similar susceptibility patterns to those seen in isolates from other animals and humans. More studies should be done to further characterize the oral mycobiota of cats and its role in oral infections.
South-South Cooperation and Decoloniality
Authors: Mawdsley Emma 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this brief reflection, I do not attempt a comprehensive analysis of the multiple ways in which we might theorise and approach the ideas, materialities and practices of decoloniality and (whatever is meant by) ‘South-South Cooperation’. Rather, I explore whether and how contemporary South-South Cooperation (SSC) reflects, practices or achieves decoloniality in its normative imaginaries and languages, practices, relationalities, knowledge politics and power matrices. By SSC I refer to ‘official’, state-led institutions, policies and practices, which may enrol, fund and partner with the private sector and other civil society actors.
EADI Roundtable: Recasting Development Studies in Times of Multiple Crises
Authors: Kothari Uma , Altink Henrice , Saad-Filho Alfredo , Leach Melissa 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOn 3 November 2022, the annual EADI Directors’ Meeting was held at King’s College, University of London, UK. Part of the deliberations included an opening Roundtable discussion focusing on development studies in times of multiple crises.
In Search of Alternatives to Development: Learning from Grounded Initiatives
Authors: Kothari Ashish 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAcross the world, overwhelming evidence of the ecological unsustainability and social injustice of the current path of development has led to a range of responses. Substantial efforts have been made by various governments, corporations, and civil society towards ‘greening’ the economy, elaborating on, and attempting to adopt, principles of ‘sustainable development’. The most ambitious of these has been the 2015 agreement amongst countries to adopt the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, people’s movements across the world question these approaches as not being systemic enough to challenge the fundamental structures causing inequality, un sustainability and injustice. Much more structural transformations in practice and worldviews are needed, many examples of which already exist to point towards pathways out of multiple crises.
Data Collection Versus Knowledge Theft: Relational Accountability and the Research Ethics of Indigenous Knowledges
Authors: Tynan Lauren 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMany opportunities exist for researchers to take knowledge, publish it and become an expert. As a Pairebeenne Trawlwoolway Aboriginal woman of lutruwita/Tasmania, Australia, I converse with the work of other Indigenous scholars to theorise ideas of relational accountability, refusal and Indigenous Data Sovereignty. Reflecting on my own research experiences, I seek to move away from concepts of ‘data collection’ and ‘fieldwork’ by understanding data as knowledge and the field as a place of relations, not a research location to fly in and fly out of. An ethical practice that engages with cultural protocols and relationality decentres the academy as instigator and arbiter of ethical research and brings forth an ethical practice that is held in relationship with those who produce and own the knowledge, both people and Country.Whilst many development researchers already work in collaborative and relational ways with their research communities,this chapter invites us to do more; advocating for stronger research protocols, ongoing relations of accountability, and real engagement with Intellectual Property, copyright and co-authorship.
Toward Anticipatory Regulation and Beyond
Authors: Serentschy Georg , Timmers Paul , Matinmikko-Blue Marja 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe emergence of the 6G ecosystem is another tipping point for policy and regulatory orthodoxy. Against the backdrop of the US offering overall the best conditions for innovation, policymakers in Europe must recognize the need to change their analytical and planning structures. Telecom regulators need to break out of their sectoral silos. Fortunately, many are ready to do so, and 6G provides the opportunity. 5G, and even more so 6G, IoT, cloudification, edge computing, etc., are gamechangers, and digital platforms have taken over a growing share of interpersonal communications, while most traditional telecom companies have been reduced to providing connectivity. We are therefore right to ask ourselves what we want to regulate and, above all, why. Are we regulating in the right place? By what means? In this chapter, we analyze regulatory developments in Europe, North America, and Asia and draw conclusions on how Europe's competitiveness and innovative strength can be improved with better interlinking of industrial policy, innovation, and regulation.
Higher success rate observed in reconstruction techniques of acute posterolateral corner knee injuries as compared to repair: an updated systematic review
Authors: Fortier Luc M. , Knapik Derrick M. , Condon Josh J. , DeWald Daniel , Khan Zeeshan , Kerzner Benjamin , Matava Matthew J. , LaPrade Robert , Chahla Jorge 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeThere remains controversy regarding the optimal surgical treatment for acute complete (grade III) posterolateral corner (PLC) injuries. The purpose of this article is to systematically review the contemporary literature regarding surgical options and subsequent outcomes of acute grade III PLC injuries.MethodsA systematic review was performed using the following search terms: posterolateral corner knee, posterolateral knee, posterolateral instability, multi‐ligament knee, and knee dislocation. Inclusion criteria consisted of studies with level I–IV evidence, reporting on human patients with acute grade III PLC injuries undergoing operative management within 4 weeks from injury, with subjective and/or objective outcomes (including varus stress examinations or varus stress radiographs) reported at a minimum 2‐year follow‐up. Two investigators independently performed the search by sequentially screening articles. Accepted definitions of varus stability on examination or stress radiographs and revision surgery were used to determine success and failure of treatment.ResultsA total of 12 studies, consisting of 288 patients were included. Ten studies reported primary repair, while reconstruction techniques were reported in seven studies. Overall, 43% (n = 125/288) of injuries involved the PLC, ACL and PCL. Staged reconstruction was reported in 25% (n = 3/12) of studies. The Lysholm score was the most commonly reported outcome measure. An overall failure rate of 12.4% (n = 35/282) was observed. Surgical failure was significantly higher in patients undergoing repair (21.9%; n = 21/96) compared to reconstruction (7.1%; n = 6/84) (p = 0.0058). Return to sport was greater in patients undergoing reconstruction (100%; n = 22/22) compared to repair (94%; n = 48/51) (n.s). The most common post‐operative complication was arthrofibrosis requiring manipulation under anesthesia (8.7%; n = 25/288). A total of 3.8% (n = 11/288) of patients underwent revision PLC reconstruction.ConclusionThere remains substantial heterogeneity in the surgical techniques of acute, grade III PLC injuries with an overall failure rate of 12.4%. Failure rates were significantly lower, and return to sport rates higher in patients undergoing PLC reconstruction compared to repair. The most common postoperative complication was arthrofibrosis requiring manipulation under anesthesia.Level of evidenceLevel IV.
Vollständige Dekapitation durch selbstkonstruierte Guillotine
Authors: Görg Johanna , Schwarz Clara-Sophie , Wunder Cora , Germerott Tanja 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungDekapitationen sind im rechtsmedizinischen Sektionsgut nur selten vorzufinden; die jeweilige Fallbeurteilung als Tötungsdelikt, Suizid oder Unfall in Abgrenzung zu einer postmortalen Entstehung kann insbesondere bei komplexeren Auffindesituationen erschwert sein. Vorgestellt wird ein seltener Fall einer vollständigen Abtrennung des Kopfes durch eine selbstkonstruierte Guillotine, der sich in der Zusammenschau der computertomographischen und autoptischen Befunde, beispielsweise Vitalitätszeichen, sowie der Auffindesituation mit einer elaborierten suizidalen Handlung in Einklang bringen ließ.
Optimal Control of Hughes’ Model for Pedestrian Flow via Local Attraction
Authors: Herzog Roland , Pietschmann Jan-Frederik , Winkler Max 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe discuss the control of a human crowd whose dynamics is governed by a regularized version of Hughes’ model, cf. Hughes (Transp Res Part B: Methodol 36(6):507–535, 2002.https://doi.org/10.1016/s0191-2615(01)00015-7). We assume that a finite number of agents act on the crowd and try to optimize their paths in a given time interval. The objective functional can be general and it can correspond, for instance, to the desire for fast evacuation or to maintain a single group of individuals. We provide an existence and regularity result for the coupled PDE-ODE forward model via an approximation argument, study differentiability properties of the control-to-state map, establish the existence of a globally optimal control and formulate optimality conditions.
Plant remains preserved in products of metal corrosion: source of evidence on ancient plant materials and environment from burial contexts
Authors: Hristova Ivanka , Marinova Elena , Atanassova Juliana , Slavchev Vladimir , Bozkova Anelya , Kiyashkina Petya , Penkova Petya 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBy-products of metal corrosion, when coming into contact with organic matter, have the capacity to preserve it from decay. A pilot study was conducted aiming to explore the potential and limitations of plant remains preserved in by-products of metal corrosion for archaeobotanical research. The organic remains considered come from the surface/immediate proximity of the metal funerary artefacts of two ancient cemeteries—Varna and Messambria, Eastern Bulgaria. Metal corrosion by-products were observed and sampled, under a low magnification stereo microscope. Subsequently, the plant macrofossils recognised were analysed under reflected light and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Additionally, pollen was extracted from the metal corrosion by-products, using standard acetolysis. The analyses from the graves of both cemeteries allowed identification of textiles and plant fibres, as well as wood (Cornus sp., Pinus sp., Viburnum sp.). At Varna cemetery epidermis fragments of Juncus sp. were recognized, while at Messambria necropolis fruits of almond were found. The pollen analysis from Varna points to use of flowers in the ritual (Daphne tetrads were recorded) and shows a notably open landscape with 77% non-arboreal pollen (NAP). The palynological analysis from the Messambria necropolis revealed the use of flowers in the burial ritual indicated by clusters of Vitis, Cistus and Rosaceae pollen. The surrounding vegetation was dominated by open oak woodland and open habitats (43% NAP) with a strong presence of anthropogenic indicators. The outcome of the study proved to be promising for reconstructing details of the burial rituals including associated plant materials, as well as the surrounding plant habitats during the functioning of the cemeteries.
Ist JAK-Hemmung eine Option in der Behandlung der interstitiellen Lungenerkrankung bei einer rheumatoiden Arthritis?
Authors: Hoffmann Tobias , Teichgräber Ulf , Lassen-Schmidt Bianca , Kroegel Claus , Krämer Martin , Förster Martin , Renz Diane , Oelzner Peter , Böttcher Joachim , Franz Marcus , Wolf Gunter , Güttler Felix , Pfeil Alexander 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungEin 69-jähriger Patient mit einer seropositiven erosiven rheumatoiden Arthritis (RA) stellte sich aufgrund einer progredienten Dyspnoe in unserer Klinik vor. Im Rahmen der Diagnostik wurden mittels einer hochauflösenden Computertomographie (HRCT) und einer immunologischen bronchoalveolären Lavage Milchglastrübungen als auch eine lymphozytäre Alveolitis als Folge einer interstitiellen Lungenerkrankung (ILD) bei einer RA nachgewiesen. Unter Berücksichtigung der Vortherapien erfolgte die Umstellung der DMARD („disease-modifying antirheumatic drug“)-Therapie auf Tofacitinib. Die DMARD-Therapie mit Tofacitinib zeigte eine Reduktion der Milchglastrübungen mittels auf künstlicher Intelligenz basierender Quantifizierung der pulmonalen hochauflösenden Computertomographie um 33 % im Verlauf über 6 Monate, welche mit einer Verbesserung der Dyspnoesymptomatik assoziiert war. Zusammenfassend stellt Tofacitinib eine effektive antiinflammatorische Therapieoption in der Behandlung einer RA-ILD dar.
Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in burn wound healing: uncovering the mechanisms of local regeneration and tissue repair
Authors: El-Sayed Mohamed E. , Atwa Ahmed , Sofy Ahmed R. , Helmy Yasser A. , Amer Khaled , Seadawy Mohamed G. , Bakry Sayed 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBurn injuries pose a significant healthcare burden worldwide, often leading to long-term disabilities and reduced quality of life. To explore the impacts of the transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on the healing of burns and the levels of serum cytokines, 60 fully grown Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 20 each): group I (control), group II (burn induction), and group III (burn induction + bone marrow (BM)-MSC transplantation). Groups II and III were further divided into four subgroups (n = 5 each) based on euthanasia duration (7, 14, 21, and 28 days post transplant). The experiment concluded with an anesthesia overdose for rat death. After 7, 14, 21, and 28 days, the rats were assessed by clinical, laboratory, and histopathology investigations. The results revealed significant improvements in burn healing potentiality in the group treated with MSC. Furthermore, cytokine levels were measured, with significant increases in interleukin (IL)-6 and interferon alpha (IFN) observed, while IL-10 and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) decreased at 7 days and increased until 28 days post burn. Also, the group that underwent the experiment exhibited increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 when compared to the control group. Histological assessments showed better re-epithelialization, neovascularization, and collagen deposition in the experimental group, suggesting that MSC transplantation in burn wounds may promote burn healing by modulating the immune response and promoting tissue regeneration.
Evasive Sets, Covering by Subspaces, and Point-Hyperplane Incidences
Authors: Sudakov Benny , Tomon István 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGiven positive integers $$k\le d$$

k
≤
d

and a finite field $$\mathbb {F}$$
F
, a set $$S\subset \mathbb {F}^{d}$$

S
⊂

F

d

is (k, c)-subspace evasive if every k-dimensional affine subspace contains at most c elements of S. By a simple averaging argument, the maximum size of a (k, c)-subspace evasive set is at most $$c |\mathbb {F}|^{d-k}$$

c
|
F
|

d
-
k

. When k and d are fixed, and c is sufficiently large, the matching lower bound $$\Omega (|\mathbb {F}|^{d-k})$$

Ω
(
|
F

|

d
-
k

)

is proved by Dvir and Lovett. We provide an alternative proof of this result using the random algebraic method. We also prove sharp upper bounds on the size of (k, c)-evasive sets in case d is large, extending results of Ben-Aroya and Shinkar. The existence of optimal evasive sets has several interesting consequences in combinatorial geometry. We show that the minimum number of k-dimensional linear hyperplanes needed to cover the grid $$[n]^{d}\subset \mathbb {R}^{d}$$

[
n
]

d

⊂

R

d

is $$\Omega _{d}\big (n^{\frac{d(d-k)}{d-1}}\big )$$

Ω
d

(

n

d
(
d
-
k
)

d
-
1

)

, which matches the upper bound proved by Balko et al., and settles a problem proposed by Brass et al. Furthermore, we improve the best known lower bound on the maximum number of incidences between points and hyperplanes in $$\mathbb {R}^{d}$$

R

d

assuming their incidence graph avoids the complete bipartite graph $$K_{c,c}$$

K

c
,
c

for some large constant $$c=c(d)$$

c
=
c
(
d
)

.
Consequences of contact restrictions for long-term care residents during the first months of COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review
Authors: Benzinger Petra , Wahl Hans-Werner , Bauer Jürgen M. , Keilhauer Anne , Dutzi Ilona , Maier Simone , Hölzer Natalie , Achterberg Wilco P. , Denninger Natascha-Elisabeth 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDuring the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, stringent measures were implemented in most countries to limit social contact between residents of long-term care facilities (LTCF) and visitors. The objective of this scoping review was to identify and map evidence of direct and indirect consequences of contact restrictions, guided by three conceptual perspectives: (1) stress and learned helplessness (i.e., failure to use coping behaviors even when they are available and actionalble); (2) social contact loss; and (3) ‘total institution’ (i.e., a facility operates following a fixed plan due to spelled-out rules and norms, controlled by institutional representatives). We used the framework for conducting a scoping review by Arksey and O'Malley; included were peer-reviewed manuscripts reporting on the outcomes of contact restrictions from the beginning of the pandemic until the end of 2020. After removing duplicates, 6,656 records were screened and 62 manuscripts included. Results pertaining to the stress and learned helplessness perspective primarily focused on depressive symptoms, showing substantial increases compared to the pre-pandemic period. Studies examining cognitive and functional decline, as well as non-COVID-19 related mortality, were limited in number and presented mixed findings. The majority of study outcomes related to the social contact loss perspective focused on loneliness, but the study designs did not adequately allow for comparisons with the pre-pandemic status. The evidence concerning outcomes related to the 'total Institution' perspective was inconclusive. Although detrimental effects of social isolation in the long-term care context found support particularly in the negative affect domain, other outcome areas did not allow for definitive conclusions due to considerable variations in findings and, in some cases, insufficient statistical power.
The influence of a digital clinical reasoning test on medical student learning behavior during clinical clerkships
Authors: Ruczynski Larissa IA , Schouwenberg Bas JJW , Custers Eugène , Fluit Cornelia RMG , van de Pol Marjolein HJ 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRecently, a new digital clinical reasoning test (DCRT) was developed to evaluate students’ clinical-reasoning skills. Although an assessment tool may be soundly constructed, it may still prove inadequate in practice by failing to function as intended. Therefore, more insight is needed into the effects of the DCRT in practice. Individual semi-structured interviews and template analysis were used to collect and process qualitative data. The template, based on the interview guide, contained six themes: (1) DCRT itself, (2) test debriefing, (3) reflection, (4) practice/workplace, (5) DCRT versus practice and (6) ‘other’. Thirteen students were interviewed. The DCRT encourages students to engage more in formal education, self-study and workplace learning during their clerkships, particularly for those who received insufficient results. Although the faculty emphasizes the different purposes of the DCRT (assessment of/as/for learning), most students perceive the DCRT as an assessment of learning. This affects their motivation and the role they assign to it in their learning process. Although students appreciate the debriefing and reflection report for improvement, they struggle to fill the identified knowledge gaps due to the timing of receiving their results. Some students are supported by the DCRT in exhibiting lifelong learning behavior. This study has identified several ways in which the DCRT influences students’ learning practices in a way that can benefit their clinical-reasoning skills. Additionally, it stresses the importance of ensuring the alignment of theoretical principles with real-world practice, both in the development and utilization of assessment tools and their content. Further research is needed to investigate the long-term impact of the DCRT on young physicians’ working practice.
How a “Something Else” Response Option for Sexual Identity Affects National Survey Estimates of Associations Between Sexual Identity, Reproductive Health, and Substance Use
Authors: West Brady T. , Engstrom Curtiss W. , Schepis Ty S. , Tani Ilmul J. , McCabe Sean Esteban 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis randomized experiment tested whether the inclusion of a “something else” response option for a question about sexual identity in a national health survey would significantly moderate estimated differences between sexual identity subgroups in terms of various health outcomes, including substance use and reproductive health. We conducted secondary analyses of data from five consecutive years of the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG; 2015–2019), where two large national half-samples were randomly assigned to receive one of two different versions of a question about sexual identity (a four-category version that included a “something else” response option or a three-category version omitting this option). We focused on national estimates of differences between subgroups defined by sexual identity. Multivariable models indicated that the estimated subgroup differences changed in a statistically significant fashion when using the four-category version of the sexual identity question for several measures, including 16% of male measures (household size, past-year cigarette use, and past-year illicit drug use) and 15% of female measures (wanting a/another child, ever had a sexually transmitted disease, and past-year marijuana use). The absence of a “something else” response option for questions about sexual identity in national health surveys may cause respondents to select options that do not accurately describe their identities, and this can have a significant effect on national estimates of differences between sexual identity subgroups in terms of selected health outcomes.