bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occupational exposures of firefighting and urinary tract cancer risk among men in the Norwegian Fire Departments Cohort
Authors: Marjerrison Niki , Grimsrud Tom K , Hansen Johnni , Martinsen Jan Ivar , Nordby Karl-Christian , Olsen Raymond , Veierød Marit B , Kjærheim Kristina 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivesIncreased risks of bladder cancer and mesothelioma were the strongest evidence for the recent reclassification of firefighting as carcinogenic (Group 1) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Our study aim was to develop indicators for specific firefighting exposures and examine associations with urinary tract cancer (UTC), including bladder cancer.MethodsWe developed indicators for exposure from employment at a fire department or in firefighting jobs, to fire and smoke, and to diesel exhaust for men in the Norwegian Fire Departments Cohort (n=4250). Incident UTC cases were obtained from the Cancer Registry of Norway (1960–2021). Poisson regression was used to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRR) with cumulative exposures grouped into tertiles (reference: lowest exposed tertile) with 0-year, 10-year and 15-year lagging of exposures.ResultsDuring 125 090 person-years of follow-up, there were 76 cases of UTC. IRRs were mostly non-significantly increased in the middle tertile and at or below 1 in the highest tertile for total duration of employment, number of fires attended and fire exposure score with and without lags. In the middle tertile for diesel exhaust exposure, UTC risk was elevated over twofold with 10-year (IRR 2.27, 95% CI 1.22 to 4.20) and 15- year (2.21, 1.18 to 4.16) lags, and near 1 in the highest tertile. Findings for bladder cancer were similar to those for UTC.ConclusionsDose-response associations between the exposure indicators and UTC were not observed. Future studies using the indicators with more cases are needed.
Linear stability of a Couette flow for non-monotone stress-power law models
Authors: Calusi Benedetta , Fusi Lorenzo , Farina Angiolo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this paper we investigate the linear stability of a Couette flow driven by a shear stress imposed on the top surface of a fluid layer, assuming that the material obeys an “S-shaped” stress-power law model. The perturbation equation is solved numerically by means of a spectral collocation scheme based on Chebyshev polynomials. We show that there exists a range of Reynolds numbers in which multiple flows are possible. In particular, our results highlight that the solutions belonging to the ascending branches of the constitutive law are unconditionally stable, while those in the descending branch are unconditionally unstable.

Graphic abstract
Lessons from PL/I: A Most Ambitious Programming Language
Authors: Meil Doug 
Published: October 2023

The
Communications
website, https://cacm.acm.org, features more than a dozen bloggers in the BLOG@CACM community. In each issue of
Communications
, we'll publish selected posts or excerpts.

twitter

Follow us on Twitter at http://twitter.com/blogCACM
https://cacm.acm.org/blogs/blog-cacm
PL/I stands for Programming Language 1, and its aim was to be the Highlander of programming languages.
Antitumor Effects of PRMT5 Inhibition in Sarcomas
Authors: Verbeke Stéphanie , Bourdon Aurélien , Guegan Jean-Philippe , Leroy Laura , Chaire Vanessa , Richard Elodie , Bessede Alban , Italiano Antoine 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Patients with advanced soft-tissue sarcomas (STS) have few therapeutic options. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), an anticancer target, has been extensively investigated in recent years in epithelial tumors. To date, no data related to the biological role of PRMT5 inhibition and its potential effect as a treatment in STS have been reported.
To investigate the therapeutic potential of PRMT5 targeting in STS, we first evaluated the prognostic value of PRMT5 expression in two different cohorts of patients with STS. We then used the potent and selective GSK3326595 (GSK595) compound to investigate the antitumor effect of the pharmacologic inhibition of PRMT5 in vitro via MTT, apoptosis, cell cycle, clonogenicity, and proliferation assays. In vivo studies were performed with two animal models to evaluate the effects of GSK595 on tumor growth. The mechanisms of action were investigated by RNA sequencing, metabolic pathway analysis, Western blotting, and glucose uptake/lactate production assays.
High PRMT5 gene expression levels were significantly associated with worsened metastasis-free survival of patients with STS. GSK595 decreased the global symmetric dimethylarginine level, the proliferation rate and clonogenicity of STS cell lines in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, PRMT5 inhibition regulated aerobic glycolysis through downregulation of key enzymes of glycolysis as well as glucose uptake and lactate production.
The current study demonstrated that PRMT5 regulates STS cell metabolism and thus represents a potential therapeutic target for STS. Additional studies in diverse sarcoma subtypes will be essential to confirm and expand upon these findings.

Significance:
STSs have limited therapeutic options. We show here the poor prognostic value of high PRMT5 expression in STS. Moreover, we demonstrate that the pharmacologic inhibition of PRMT5 has significant antitumor activity through the downregulation of glycolysis. Our findings support the clinical investigation of PRMT5 inhibition in STSs.
Comparison of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Cardiometabolic Profiles Between Current and Never Users of Marijuana
Authors: Alhassan Hassan A. , Akunor Harriet , Howard Ato , Donohue Joseph , Kainat Aleesha , Onyeaka Henry K. , Aiyer Aryan 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:
The relationship between marijuana use and cardiovascular health remains uncertain, with several observational studies suggesting a potential association with increased adverse atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) outcomes. This study examined the relationship between marijuana use, ASCVD risk factors, and cardiometabolic risk profiles.

METHODS:
US adults (18–59 years) without cardiovascular disease were identified from the National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey (2005–2018) based on self-reported marijuana use. Current users (used within the past month) and never users were compared with assess the burden and control of traditional ASCVD risk factors and biomarkers, using inverse probability of treatment weighting to adjust for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, including tobacco use.

RESULTS:

Of the 13 965 participants identified (mean age, 37.5; 51.2% female; 13% non-Hispanic Black), 26.6% were current users. Current users were predominantly male, low-income, and more likely to be concurrent tobacco users. Inverse probability of treatment weighting analysis showed no significant differences in the burden and control of hypertension (19.3% versus 18.8%,
P
=0.76; 79.8% versus 77.8%,
P
=0.75), dyslipidemia (24.0% versus 19.9%,
P
=0.13; 82% versus 75%,
P
=0.95), diabetes (4.8% versus 6.4%,
P
=0.19; 52.9% versus 50.6%,
P
=0.84), obesity (35.8% versus 41.3%,
P
=0.13), and physical activity levels (71.9% versus 69.3%,
P
=0.37) between current and never users. Likewise, mean 10-year ASCVD risk scores (2.8% versus 3.0%,
P
=0.49), 30-year Framingham risk scores (22.7% versus 24.2%,
P
=0.25), and cardiometabolic profiles including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (3.5 mg/L versus 3.7 mg/L,
P
=0.65), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (2.1 versus 2.1,
P
=0.89), low-density lipoprotein (114.3 mg/dL versus 112.2 mg/dL,
P
=0.53), total cholesterol (191.2 mg/dL versus 181.7 mg/dL,
P
=0.58), and hemoglobin A1C (5.4% versus 5.5%,
P
=0.25) were similar between current and never users.

CONCLUSIONS:
This cross-sectional study found no association between self-reported marijuana use and increased burden of traditional ASCVD risk factors, estimated long-term ASCVD risk, or cardiometabolic profiles. Further studies are needed to explore potential pathways between adverse cardiovascular disease outcomes and marijuana use.
Evinacumab for Pediatric Patients With Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Wiegman Albert , Greber-Platzer Susanne , Ali Shazia , Reijman M. Doortje , Brinton Eliot A , Charng Min-Ji , Srinivasan Shubha , Baker-Smith Carissa , Baum Seth , Brothers Julie A. , Hartz Jacob , Moriarty Patrick M. , Mendell Jeanne , Bihorel Sébastien , Banerjee Poulabi , George Richard T. , Hirshberg Boaz , Pordy Robert 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:
Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by severely elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels due to profoundly defective LDL receptor (LDLR) function. Given that severely elevated LDL-C starts in utero, atherosclerosis often presents during childhood or adolescence, creating a largely unmet need for aggressive LDLR-independent lipid-lowering therapies in young patients with HoFH. Here we present the first evaluation of the efficacy and safety of evinacumab, a novel LDLR-independent lipid-lowering therapy, in pediatric patients with HoFH from parts A and B of a 3-part study.

METHODS:
The phase 3, part B, open-label study treated 14 patients 5 to 11 years of age with genetically proven HoFH (true homozygotes and compound heterozygotes) with LDL-C >130 mg/dL, despite optimized lipid-lowering therapy (including LDLR-independent apheresis and lomitapide), with intravenous evinacumab 15 mg/kg every 4 weeks.

RESULTS:
Evinacumab treatment rapidly and durably (through week 24) decreased LDL-C with profound reduction in the first week, with a mean (SE) LDL-C reduction of −48.3% (10.4%) from baseline to week 24. ApoB (mean [SE], –41.3% [9.0%]), non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (–48.9% [9.8%]), and total cholesterol (–49.1% [8.1%]) were similarly decreased. Treatment-emergent adverse events were reported in 10 (71.4%) patients; however, only 2 (14.3%) reported events that were considered to be treatment-related (nausea and abdominal pain). One serious treatment-emergent adverse event of tonsillitis occurred (n=1), but this was not considered treatment-related.

CONCLUSIONS:
Evinacumab constitutes a new treatment for pediatric patients with HoFH and inadequately controlled LDL-C despite optimized lipid-lowering therapy, lowering LDL-C levels by nearly half in these extremely high-risk and difficult-to-treat individuals.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT04233918.
Slide-Detect: An Accurate Deep Learning Diagnosis of Lung Infiltration
Authors: Mohamed Ahmed E. , Fayek Magda B. , Farouk Mona 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Lung infiltration is a non-communicable condition where materials with higher density than air exist in the parenchyma tissue of the lungs. Lung infiltration can be hard to be detected in an X-ray scan even for a radiologist, especially at the early stages making it a leading cause of death. In response, several deep learning approaches have been evolved to address this problem. This paper proposes the Slide-Detect technique which is a Deep Neural Networks (DNN) model based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) that is trained to diagnose lung infiltration with Area Under Curve (AUC) up to 91.47%, accuracy of 93.85% and relatively low computational resources.
A Holy Muddle
Authors: Krausmüller Dirk 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Patriarch Anastasius of Antioch was one of the most important religious leaders in the later sixth century. He left behind a substantial oeuvre, which focuses on Christology and Trinitarian theology. He was most comfortable with exegesis of Scripture but had a shaky grasp of philosophical terms and concepts that informed the debate was shaky. This was already seen by Günter Weiss who offered a detailed analysis of the texts. I concur with Weiss’ judgement and limit myself to the discussion of aspects of Anastasius’ speculation that he had not dealt with.
Cold Fog Amongst Complex Terrain
Authors: Pu Zhaoxia , Pardyjak Eric R. , Hoch Sebastian W. , Gultepe Ismail , Hallar A. Gannet , Perelet Alexei , Beal Rebecca , Carrillo-Cardenas Gerardo , Li Xin , Garcia Maria , Oncley Steven , Brown William , Anderson Jeffrey , Witte Jacquelyn , Vakhtin Andrei 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Cold fog forms via various thermodynamic, dynamic, and microphysical processes when the air temperature is less than 0°C. It occurs frequently during the cold season in the western United States yet is challenging to detect using standard observations and is very difficult to predict. The Cold Fog Amongst Complex Terrain (CFACT) project was conceived to investigate the life cycle of cold fog in mountain valleys. The overarching goals of the CFACT project are to 1) investigate the life cycle of cold-fog events over complex terrain with the latest observation technology, 2) improve microphysical parameterizations and visibility algorithms used in numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, and 3) develop data assimilation and analysis methods for current and next-generation (e.g., subkilometer scale) NWP models. The CFACT field campaign took place in Heber Valley, Utah, during January and February 2022, with support from NSF’s Lower Atmospheric Observing Facilities (managed by NCAR’s Earth Observing Laboratory), the University of Utah, and Ontario Technical University. A network of ground-based and aerial in situ instruments and remote sensing platforms were used to obtain comprehensive measurements of thermodynamic profiles, cloud microphysics, aerosol properties, and environmental dynamics. Nine intensive observation periods (IOPs) explored various mountainous weather and cold-fog conditions. Field observations, NWP forecasts, and large-eddy simulations provided unprecedented data sources to help understand the mechanisms associated with cold-fog weather and to identify and mitigate numerical model deficiencies in simulating winter weather over mountainous terrain. This article summarizes the CFACT field campaign, its observations, and challenges during the field campaign, including real-time fog prediction issues and future analysis.
Operational Storm Surge Forecasting at the National Hurricane Center: The Case for Probabilistic Guidance and the Evaluation of Improved Storm Size Forecasts Used to Define the Wind Forcing
Authors: Penny Andrew B. , Alaka Laura , Taylor Arthur A. , Booth William , DeMaria Mark , Fritz Cody , Rhome Jamie 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The primary source of guidance used by the Storm Surge Unit (SSU) at the National Hurricane Center (NHC) for issuing storm surge watches and warnings is the Probabilistic Tropical Storm Surge model (P-Surge). P-Surge is an ensemble of Sea, Lake, and Overland Surges from Hurricanes (SLOSH) model forecasts that is generated based on historical error distributions from NHC official forecasts. A probabilistic framework is used for operational storm surge forecasting to account for uncertainty related to the tropical cyclone track and wind forcing. Previous studies have shown that the size of a storm’s wind field is an important factor that can affect storm surge. A simple radius of maximum wind (RMW) prediction scheme was developed to forecast RMW based on NHC forecast parameters. Verification results indicate this scheme is an improvement over the RMW forecasts used by previous versions of P-Surge. To test the impact of the updated RMW forecasts in P-Surge, retrospective cases were selected from 25 storms from 2008 to 2020 that had an adequate number of observations. Evaluation of P-Surge forecasts using these improved RMW forecasts shows that the probability of detection is higher for most probability of exceedance thresholds. In addition, the forecast reliability is improved, and there is an increase in the number of high probability forecasts for extreme events at longer lead times. The improved RMW forecasts were recently incorporated into the operational version of P-Surge (v2.9), and serve as an important step toward extending the lead time of skillful and reliable storm surge forecasts.
Are Data Driving Our Ambulances? Liberal Use of Tranexamic Acid in the Prehospital Setting
Authors: Brito Alexandra M.P. , Stettler Gregory , Fram Madeline R. , Winslow James , Martin R. Shayne 
Published: October 2023

Background Current data on tranexamic acid (TXA) supports early administration for severe hemorrhagic shock. Administration by EMS has been facilitated by developing protocols and standing orders informed by these data. In this study, patterns of TXA use by EMS agencies serving a large level 1 trauma center were examined. We hypothesized that current widespread TXA use often includes administration outside of data-driven indications. Methods The trauma registry at a level 1 trauma center was queried for patients who received TXA. To determine the practice patterns and appropriateness of administration of TXA, patients’ physiologic state in the prehospital environment based on EMS records, physiologic state on arrival to hospital, and interventions performed in both settings were examined. Over 20 separately managed EMS systems that administer TXA transport patients to this trauma center, allowing for a broad survey of practices. Results From 2016 to 2021 1089 patients received TXA, 406 (37.3%) having treatment initiated by EMS services. Of these, the average prehospital systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 108.2 mmHg and initial ED SBP was 107.8 mmHg. Only 58.4% of these patients received blood transfusion after arrival to this trauma center. Compliance with standard indications was low with only 14.6% of administrations meeting any data-driven SBP indication. Similar levels of compliance were seen across high volume EMS services. Discussion Tranexamic acid use has become common in trauma and has been adopted by many EMS systems. These results indicate TXA in the prehospital setting is over-used as administration is not being limited to indications that have shown benefit in prior data.
The risk of muscle involvement in focal venous malformations in children
Authors: Zhou Jie , Guo Lei , Wang Liang , Li Jing , Liu Zhuang , Sun Jiali 
Published: October 2023

Background Venous malformations (VMs) are the most common vascular malformations, which can be classified as focal, multifocal, or diffuse types. But the risk of focal venous malformations with muscle involvement is not well defined. Methods This is a single-center, retrospective review of patients treated for focal VMs between February 2021 and February 2022. Results We assessed 26 patients focal VMs with 47 lesions; 18 (69%) were unifocal, 3 (12%) were dual-focal, and 5 (19%) were multifocal type VMs, and 29 (62%) were intramuscular VMs. The lower limbs intramuscular VMs had a significantly elevated risk of focal VMs (relative risk [RR],1.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.148–2.394). Conclusion Intramuscular involvement of the body should be considered in focal VMs. The lower limbs intramuscular VMs had a significantly elevated risk of focal VMs.
HOMA-IR is an effective biomarker of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in non-diabetic population
Authors: Zeng Pei , Cai Xiangsheng , Yu Xiaozhou , Huang Lu , Chen Xi 
Published: October 2023

Objectives This study aimed to investigate the correlation between homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the non-diabetic population and establish its diagnostic efficacy. Methods This observational study involved participants divided into NAFLD and non-NAFLD groups, and baseline data were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to correlate HOMA-IR with the risk of NAFLD. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of HOMA-IR for NAFLD. Subgroup analyses of non-obese individuals were performed. Results Overall, 2234 non-diabetic participants were included. The HOMA-IR was significantly higher in the NAFLD group than in the non-NAFLD group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that HOMA-IR was a strong and independent risk factor for NAFLD after correcting for confounding factors. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) value of HOMA-IR for predicting NAFLD was 0.792. In the non-obese non-diabetic population, HOMA-IR was an independent risk factor for increased risk of lean NAFLD after correcting for confounding factors. The AUC value of HOMA-IR for predicting lean NAFLD was 0.770. Conclusions HOMA-IR is independently associated with the risk of NAFLD in the non-diabetic and non-obese non-diabetic populations and has good diagnostic value.
Eccentric Contraction Enhances Healing of the Bone-Tendon Interface After Rotator Cuff Repair in Mice
Authors: Diao Luyu , Peng Yundong , Wang Juan , Chen Jian , Wang Guanglan , Jia Shaohui , Zheng Cheng 
Published: October 2023

Background: Various muscle contraction modalities have differing effects on the musculoskeletal system. To understand the magnitude of these effects, the authors investigated the effects of eccentric and concentric contractions on the bone-tendon interface after rotator cuff repair in mice. Hypothesis: Eccentric contraction promotes healing of the bone-tendon interface after rotator cuff repair in mice better than other muscle contraction patterns. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: The authors performed acute supraspinatus tendon repair of the right shoulder in 104 C57BL/6 mice. Animals were randomized into 4 groups postoperatively: control group (Con group), horizontal running group (Horz group), +15° uphill running group (Up group), and −15° downhill running group (Down group), with 26 animals in each group. At 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively, the authors removed the eyeball, collected blood samples, and extracted the supraspinatus tendon–humerus complex for histological, immunological, bone morphological, and biomechanical tests. Results: At 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively, the Down group exhibited a better collagen cell arrangement and fibrocartilage layer than the other 3 groups. At 4 weeks postoperatively, anti-inflammatory macrophages (M2 macrophages) were observed at the repair site in all groups except for the Con group. At 8 weeks postoperatively, M2 macrophages were withdrawn from the tendon site in all groups. The transforming growth factor β1 concentration in the Down group was greater than that in the other 3 groups at 4 weeks postoperatively, and it was higher than that in the Con group at 8 weeks postoperatively. The bone volume fraction, number of trabeculae, and thickness of trabeculae at the repair site in the Down group, as well as the ultimate strength and failure load in the biomechanical tests, were greater than those in the other 3 groups at 8 weeks postoperatively. Conclusion: Eccentric contraction promotes healing of the bone-tendon interface after rotator cuff repair in mice better than other muscle contraction patterns. Clinical Relevance: After clinical rotator cuff repair, patients can be rehabilitated by eccentric training to speed up the functional recovery of the shoulder joint.