bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zidovudine Pharmacokinetics in HIV‐Positive Women During Different Phases of the Menstrual Cycle
Authors: Cordaro Joseph A. , Morse Gene D. , Bartos Linda , Gugino Lawrence J. , Maliszewski Maureen , Colomaio Rosemarie , Shelton Mark , O'Donnell Alice , Hewitt Ross 
Published: October 2023

Study Objective. To examine the pharmacokinetics of zidovudine during the menstrual cycle in human immunodeficiency virus‐ (HIV‐) positive women.Design. Open, unblinded study.Setting. A women's clinic for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) at a large medical center.Patients. HIV‐positive women with a CD4+ cell count above 200/mm3, receiving long‐term zidovudine therapy, with a history of regular menstrual cycles.Interventions. All patients received a 100‐mg dose of zidovudine in the fasted state on three occasions.Measurements and Main Results. Zidovudine and zidovudine‐glucuronide plasma concentrations were measured with radioimmunoassay to determine the pharmacokinetic characteristics during each menstrual phase. The drug's mean peak plasma concentrations (range 233–808 ng/ml) were 556 ± 145, 385 ± 132, and 495 ± 143 ng/ml during the menstrual, late follicular‐ovulatory, and luteal phases, respectively. Initially, plasma concentrations declined in a linear fashion from 0 to 4 hours, with a prolonged elimination phase in many patients after 4 hours. The mean zidovudine area under the curve was 886 ± 156, 845 ± 268, and 775 ± 167 ng·hour/ml. The mean percentage of dose recovered was 44.2 ± 26.0, 56.9 ± 19.1, and 42.2 ± 16.6, respectively.Conclusions. The pharmacokinetics of zidovudine were not different during the three phases of the menstrual cycle; however, considerable intrapatient and interpatient variability was noted for many of the values.
The Disposition and Cerebrospinal Fluid Penetration of Morphine and Its Two Major Glucuronidated Metabolites in Adults Undergoing Lumbar Myelogram
Authors: Laizure S. Casey , Miller Joseph H. , Stevens Robert C. , Donahue David J. , Laster Robert E. , Brown Donna 
Published: October 2023

Study Objective. To determine the pharmacokinetic disposition of morphine and its two major glucuronidated metabolites, morphine‐6‐glucuronide (M6G) and morphine‐3‐glucuronide (M3G), in serum and their penetration into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).Design. A single‐dose, open‐label pharmacokinetic study.Setting. The Memphis Neurosciences Center at Methodist Hospital.Patients. Twenty patients undergoing a diagnostic lumbar myelogram.Interventions. All patients received morphine sulfate 10 mg intramuscularly approximately 1.5 hours before the procedure.Measurements and Main Results. Three blood samples were drawn after the dose and a CSF sample was drawn immediately after lumbar puncture. The mean ± standard deviation for the half‐life of morphine was 2.8 ± 1.4 hours. The apparent half‐lives of M6G and M3G were 5.7 ± 3.1 and 6.3 ± 2.2 hours, respectively, and were inversely related to the estimated creatinine clearance (r=‐0.61, p<0.007 and r=‐0.69, p<0.002, respectively). The mean concentrations of morphine, M6G, and M3G in the CSF (collection time 1.5 ± 0.32 hrs, n=19) were 3.1 ± 3.7, 12.5 ±17.6, and 19.6 ±16.1 nmol/L, respectively.Conclusions. Elderly patients and patients with renal dysfunction receiving morphine may experience prolonged analgesic and adverse effects secondary to a decrease in the clearance of M6G.
Oral Torsemide in Patients With Chronic Congestive Heart Failure: Effects on Body Weight, Edema, and Electrolyte Excretion
Authors: Patterson J. Herbert , Adams Kirkwood F. , Applefeld Mark M. , Corder Clinton N. , Masse Benoit R. ,   The Torsemide Investigators Group
Published: October 2023

Study Objective. To assess the effects of torsemide on the primary end point of change in body weight from baseline, and the following secondary end points: urinary sodium, potassium, and chloride excretion, and urine volume after the first dose of drug.Design. Randomized, parallel, double‐blind, multicenter study in patients treated with torsemide 5 mg (n=19), 10 mg (n=18), or 20 mg (n=14), or placebo (n=15) for 7 days.Patients. Sixty‐six patients with New York Heart Association class II or III congestive heart failure and edema.Results. At the end of the study, patients treated with torsemide 10 and 20 mg demonstrated a significant reduction in body weight compared with those receiving placebo (−1.62 and −1.30 kg, respectively), and those treated with torsemide 5 mg did not (−0.60 kg). The severity of edema decreased with increasing torsemide dose. Torsemide caused no greater frequency of adverse effects with increasing dose.Conclusion. Orally administered torsemide 5, 10, and 20 mg once/day for 7 days were well tolerated. Doses of 10 and 20 mg were effective in producing weight loss.
Role of CD44 expressed in renal tubules during maladaptive repair in renal fibrogenesis in an allopurinol‐induced rat model of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Matsushita Kohei , Toyoda Takeshi , Akane Hirotoshi , Morikawa Tomomi , Ogawa Kumiko 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe kidney is a major target organ for the adverse effects of pharmaceuticals; renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) are particularly vulnerable to drug‐induced toxicity. TECs have regenerative capacity; however, maladaptive repair of TECs after injury leads to renal fibrosis, resulting in chronic kidney disease (CKD). We previously reported the specific expression of CD44 in failed‐repair TECs of rat CKD model induced by ischemia reperfusion injury. Here, we investigated the pathophysiological role of CD44 in renal fibrogenesis in allopurinol‐treated rat CKD model. Dilated or atrophic TECs expressing CD44 in fibrotic areas were collected by laser microdissection and subjected to microarray analysis. Gene ontology showed that extracellular matrix (ECM)‐related genes were upregulated and differentiation‐related genes were downregulated in dilated/atrophic TECs. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis identified CD44 as an upstream regulator of fibrosis‐related genes, including Fn1, which encodes fibronectin. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that dilated/atrophic TECs expressing CD44 showed decreases in differentiation markers of TECs and clear expression of mesenchymal markers during basement membrane attachment. In situ hybridization revealed an increase in Fn1 mRNA in the cytoplasm of dilated/atrophic TECs, whereas fibronectin was localized in the stroma around these TECs, supporting the production/secretion of ECM by dilated/atrophic TECs. Overall, these data indicated that dilated/atrophic TECs underwent a partial epithelial–mesenchymal transition (pEMT) and that CD44 promoted renal fibrogenesis via induction of ECM production in failed‐repair TECs exhibiting pEMT. CD44 was detected in the urine and serum of APL‐treated rats, which may reflect the expression of CD44 in the kidney.
Porous scaffold hydroxyapatite from sand lobster shells (Panulirus homarus) using polyethylene oxide/chitosan as polymeric porogen for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Kadek Hariscandra Dinatha I. , Jamilludin Muhammad A. , Supii Apri I. , Wihadmadyatami Hevi , Partini Juliasih , Yusuf Yusril 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe hydroxyapatite (HAp; Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2)) has good biocompatibility, bioactivity, and osteoconductivity as a bone implant because the main inorganic mineral of human bone is HAp. The use of scaffold HAp from biogenic resources that contain high calcium and polymer as a pore forming agent to support bone growth is a longstanding area of interest. In this study, porous scaffolds based on HAp were synthesized from sand lobster (SL; Panulirus homarus) shells as a source of calcium using the porogen leaching method with polyethylene oxide (PEO) and chitosan (Chs) as polymeric porogen. The present study aims to synthesize HAp derived from SL shells and evaluate the effect variations of PEO on the physicochemical properties of the scaffold and cytotoxicity in cell viability assay. Briefly, the SL shell powder was calcinated with temperature variations of 600°C, 800°C, and 1000°C for 6 h. Based on the characterization, it was shown that 1000°C was the optimum calcination temperature for SL shells to synthesize HAp using the precipitation method. The characterization results of HAp using energy dispersive x‐ray (EDX) revealed that the molar ratio of Ca/P was 1.67. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and x‐ray diffractometer (XRD) spectral patterns indicated that HAp had been successfully synthesized with minor β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP), a calcium phosphate with high biocompatibility. Porous scaffolds were synthesized by varying the concentration of PEO at 0, 5, 10, and 15 wt %. Physicochemical analysis revealed that a higher concentration of PEO affected decreased crystallinity and compressive strength, but on the other hand, the porosity and pore sizes increased. Based on the physicochemical analysis, the synthesized porous scaffold showed that HAp/PEO/Chs 15 wt % had the most potential as a scaffold for biomedical applications. MTT Assay, after 24 h incubation, revealed that the scaffold was safe for use at low concentrations on the MC3T3E1 osteoblast cells, with a percentage of cell viability of 83.23 ± 3.18% at 23.4375 μg/mL. Although the cell viability decreased at higher concentrations, the HAp/PEO/Chs 15 wt % scaffold was cytocompatible with the cells. Thus, in the present study, HAp/PEO/Chs 15 wt % was the best scaffold based on pore structure, chemical composition, mechanical and crystalographic properties and cell viability.
Sense of community affects community satisfaction: Mediating role of community participation
Authors: Gamo Bereket Roba , Park Duk‐Byeong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCommunity satisfaction is a central component of community development because it indicates the overall contentment of residents with their community. As such, it can indicate the directions for community development. This study is aimed at examining a sense of community and community participation as factors influencing community satisfaction in the Yirgachefe district of Ethiopia. We collected data from 360 randomly selected household heads (male = 80.2%, female = 19.2%) residing in 12 rural communities. We used structural equation modeling to analyze the data. Results revealed that residents with a higher sense of community were more likely to have participated in their community and to be satisfied with their community. However, sense of community only indirectly influenced community satisfaction and had an insignificant direct effect on community satisfaction. There is a fully mediating effect of community participation between sense of community and community satisfaction. We propose policy implications based on the study.
Assessment of fetal myocardial performance index in pregnant women with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Kahramanoğlu Özge , Akalin Munip , Bilir Esra , Ocal Aydin , Dizdaroğulları Gizem Elif , Eyisoy Gokhan , Demirci Oya 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesOur aim was to investigate the effects of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection on fetal myocardial performance in women who had it during their pregnancy.Materials and MethodsIn our prospective cohort study including healthy pregnant women and pregnant with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, we collected patients' data between June 2021 and April 2022. Maternal characteristics, gestational age at SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and ultrasound examination, and body mass index were noted. Fetal biometry, fetal anatomy scanning, placenta, amniotic fluid index (AFI), and Doppler parameters were routinely examined in all patients. Left ventricular myocardial performance index (MPI) was measured during fetal echocardiography examination. Doppler parameters, AFI, and MPI values were compared between two groups.ResultsCompared with the control group (n = 80), MPI values were found within normal limits in fetuses of pregnant women with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (n = 80) (MPI: 0.38 ± 0.06 in the control groups vs. 0.39 ± 0.05 in the SARS‐COV‐2 positive group, p = 0.79). There was no relationship between SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and changes in AFI and umbilical artery pulsatility index (PI) values. Uterine artery PI values were significantly higher in pregnant women with (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection (0.81 in the control group vs. 0.97 in the SARS‐CoV‐2 group, p < 0.05).ConclusionsFetal cardiac functions were not affected in pregnant women with previous (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. Further metaanalyses are warranted to confirm the results.
Clinical study of left ventricular structure and function in patients with Anderson–Fabry disease before and after enzyme replacement therapy
Authors: Huang Shuyue , Wang Jian , Zhang Wei , Gao Feng , Chen Yaodong , Shui Wen , Xing Xueqing , Chen Shuqiong , Mu Yixuan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimsCardiac left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is the most common manifestation of heart involvement in Anderson–Fabry disease (AFD). Conventional cardiac imaging is not sensitive enough to detect early signs of LVH in AFD. It remains uncertain whether enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) can prevent LVH progression and improve myocardial function. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of two‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D‐STE) in early detection of cardiac involvement in AFD and monitoring the efficacy of agalsidase alfa and agalsidase beta therapy.Methods and ResultsThirteen consecutive AFD patients and 12 healthy controls underwent standard transthoracic 2D, color Doppler, tissue Doppler echocardiography, and 2D strain analysis. Global longitudinal strain (GLS) and global circumferential strain (GCS) were measured. Diastolic strain rate (SR) was extracted. Compared to healthy subjects, AFD patients without LVH showed lower levels of GLS (p < 0.001) and SR (p = 0.01), while there was no difference in GCS (p = 0.82). Following treatment, apical circumferential strain (ACS) showed improvement (p = 0.01).ConclusionIn AFD patients without LVH, there was a decrease in global and segmental LS. Higher plasma Lyso‐GL‐3 concentrations were associated with elevated ACS values after ERT, indicating that ACS in AFD patients without LVH, albeit normal, is involved in early LV dysfunction.
Late‐onset cytomegalovirus cholangiopathy in a renal transplant patient: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Loh Nicole Min Hui , Doshi Bhavesh , Pang Ning Qi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis case report highlights the investigation and treatment of a 70‐year‐old male with cytomegalovirus (CMV) cholangiopathy. The patient underwent a kidney transplant in 2016 and presented 3 years later with the atypical presentation of left shoulder pain associated with dilated biliary tree and mild transaminitis. Initial endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) showed diffuse stricture of the common bile duct, requiring stenting, and over the course of a year multiple stent changes were required to prevent cholestasis. CMV polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests were conducted on bile duct brushings and found to be positive. Oral valganciclovir was given for 6 weeks but the strictures did not resolve. He underwent a laparoscopic total choledochectomy and hepaticojejunostomy as definitive treatment. CMV involvement of the biliary tract has rarely been reported in kidney transplant patients. Antiviral therapy in the form of ganciclovir or valganciclovir is often sufficient to eradicate CMV infection and improve clinical disease. Surgical management should be considered only if the patient has failed medical therapy, or if there is suspicion of malignancy. This case shows that in renal transplant patients presenting with cholangiopathy, CMV disease should be considered as a possible differential even in patients without early CMV infection or with prior CMV prophylaxis.
First description and phylogenetic analysis of coxsackie virus A non‐polio enteroviruses and parechoviruses A in South Sudanese children
Authors: Couderé Karen , Benschop Kimberley , van Steen Astrid , Verweij Jaco J. , Pas Suzan , Cremer Jeroen , Edridge Arthur W. D. , Abd‐Elfarag Gasim O. E. , van Hensbroek Michaël B. , Pajkrt Dasja , Murk Jean‐Luc , Wolthers Katja C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEnteroviruses (EV) and parechoviruses A (PeV‐A) are commonly circulating viruses able to cause severe disease. Surveillance studies from sub‐Saharan Africa are limited and show high but variable infection rates and a high variation in genotypes. This is the first study to describe EV and PeV‐A circulation in children in South Sudan. Of the fecal samples collected, 35% and 10% were positive for EV and PeV‐A, respectively. A wide range of genotypes were found, including several rarely described EV and PeV‐A types. Coxsackie virus A (CVA) EV‐C types, particularly CVA13, were the most dominant EV types. The CVA13 types had a high diversity with the majority belonging to four different previously described clusters. PeV‐A1 and ‐A14 were the most common PeV‐A genotypes. A lack of representative data from our and other studies from sub‐Saharan Africa demonstrates the need for more systematic surveillance of non‐polio EV and PeV‐A types in this region.
DNA i‐motif formation at physiological pH revealed by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Palacký Jan , Školáková Petra , Renčiuk Daniel , Mojzeš Peter , Rossi Barbara , Matroodi Fatima , Vorlíčková Michaela 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe intercalated motif (iM) is a four‐stranded structure consisting of two parallel homoduplexes formed by hemiprotonated C.C+ pairs and intercalated antiparallel to each other. iM is generally formed at acidic pH, as cytosine protonation is required for its formation. However, sequences with long cytosine tracts can form iM at physiological pH conditions. Here, we use both off‐resonant Raman and UV‐resonant Raman (using synchrotron radiation) spectroscopy (RS) to study the sequence (C9T3)3C9, which has been recently thoroughly analysed by other spectroscopic methods (CD, 1H NMR). In line with these methods, RS has shown that (C9T3)3C9 adopts iM at neutral pH and the iM forms with slow kinetics, melts in multiple steps and exhibits a large thermal hysteresis between the folding and refolding processes. The presence of isosbestic points in the temperature‐dependent Raman spectra (in line with the SVD analysis indicating just two independent spectral components) suggests that the (C9T3)3C9 is found as a mixture of disordered and ordered structures, the proportion of which is temperature dependent. The ordered iM species are believed to be composed of the same type of C.C+ pairs but differing in their number and arrangement along the cytosine tracts. The related sequence (C9A3)3C9 shows the same behaviour as (C9T3)3C9, indicating that the substitution of adenine bases for thymine bases has little effect.
Comparison of healing of acute total tympanic membrane perforation between rats with and without excision of the mallear handle
Authors: Lou Zihan , Li Chunyan , Yu Dongzhen , Wang Jingjing , Chen Zhengnong , Yin Shankai 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe compared the histological changes and hearing restoration during the healing of acute total tympanic membrane (TM) perforations between Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats with and without excision of the mallear handle.Materials and methodsBilateral, acute, and total TM perforations were created in 36 male SD rats. The mallear handle was preserved in the left ear (handle‐preserved ear [HPE]) and excised from the right ear (handle‐excised ear [HEE]). Endoscopical examination, auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds, histopathological, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis were performed.ResultsEndoscopic photographs showed that all perforations in the 18 SD rats were closed. The mean closure times were 6.83 ± 0.85 and 8.50 ± 0.71 days in the HPE and HEE groups, respectively (p < .001). SEM images showed radial arrangement of fiber bundles in a single direction in HPEs, although normal arrangement was not achieved. In contrast, HEEs showed disorganized arrangement. At 1 month after perforation closure, the ABR thresholds at high frequencies were significantly higher in the HEE group than in the HPE group (p = .029 and p = .017 for 16 and 32 kHz, respectively). Additionally, the changes in ABR threshold were significantly different at high frequencies (p = .011 and p = .017 for 16 and 32 kHz, respectively) before and 1 month after perforation closure between the HPE and HEE groups, although the differences were not statistically significant at the remaining frequencies.ConclusionAlthough the malleus handle may not affect the closure of total perforation in SD rats, it contributes to accelerate the perforation closure by possible guide the migration of proliferative epithelial cell on the upper halves of the annulus. Additionally, resection of the malleus handle impairs high frequency hearing recovery following spontaneous closure of the TM.
Matrix Diffractive Deep Neural Networks Merging Polarization into Meta‐Devices
Authors: Wang Yuzhong , Yu Axiang , Cheng Yayun , Qi Jiaran 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe all‐optical diffractive deep neural networks (D2NNs) framework as a hardware platform is demonstrated to implement various advanced functional meta‐devices with high parallelism and high processing speed. However, the design methodology merging trainable polarization modulation neurons into the D2NNs, which potentially possess higher integration and more task‐loading capacity, is not yet fully explored. Here, the matrix diffractive deep neural networks (M‐D2NNs) are proposed to deploy polarization‐sensitive Jones matrix metasurfaces into the all‐optical polarization multiplexing networks to perform sophisticated inference tasks as well as inverse designs for advanced functional meta‐devices. Three polarization multiplexing meta‐devices with advanced functionalities are implemented by the M‐D2NNs, that is, high task‐capacity integration classification, non‐interleaved high‐efficiency Jones matrix eight‐channel regulation, and custom‐polarization information cryptographic multiplexing. The M‐D2NNs are demonstrated to provide a new strategy to merge polarization into electromagnetic and optical field modulators by Jones matrix metasurfaces, which may drive the evolution of all‐optical networks toward multi‐task integration and more advanced functional devices.
Influence of climatic conditions on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index variability in forest in Poland (2002–2021)
Authors: Kulesza Kinga , Hościło Agata 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe influence of climate change on forest condition is noticeable. Forest ecosystem stress caused by climate change has already been manifested in several parts of Europe, including Poland. Thus, the main objective of this paper is to investigate for the entire area of Poland a long‐term trend and variability of forest greenness expressed as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), derived from two decades (2002–2021) of remote sensing Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. In the next step, selected meteorological elements – temperature (T), precipitation (P) and evapotranspiration (ETo), derived from ERA5‐Land reanalysis—were used to determine the influence of climatic conditions on the variability of NDVI in forests. The study documents the general greening of forests in Poland in 2002–2021. The greening is mostly visible in central‐eastern Poland, where the annual mean NDVI increased by 0.030 in 20 years, while it is weaker in the Baltic coast and in the southern edges of Poland (increase by 0.009 in 20 years). Overall, the positive, statistically significant trends in annual NDVI prevail over the negative, statistically significant trends and account for 32.5% of forest area, whereas the negative trends account for 3.9%. The study indicates an overall moderate impact of meteorological elements on variability of NDVI in forests in Poland. The most important factors affecting forest condition are P and ETo. The strongest correlations between NDVI and P and ETo reach 0.55 and are located in central Poland, in the form of a belt from western to eastern borders.