bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Placebo and Nocebo Responses in Pharmacological Trials of Tic Disorders: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Wang Simeng , Xiong Zhiyi , Cui Yuehua , Fan Fei , Zhang Si , Jia Ru , Hu Yuchen , Li Liang , Zhang Xuan , Han Fei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundClinical trials of new drugs for tic disorders (TD) often fail to yield positive results. Placebo and nocebo responses play a vital role in interpreting the outcomes of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), yet these responses in RCTs of TD remain unexplored.ObjectiveThe aim was to assess the magnitude of placebo and nocebo responses in RCTs of pharmacological interventions for TD and identify influencing factors.MethodsA systematic search of the Embase, Medline, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and PsycINFO databases was conducted. Eligible studies were RCTs that compared active pharmacological agents with placebos. Placebo response was defined as the change from baseline in TD symptom severity in the placebo group, and nocebo response as the proportion experiencing adverse events (AEs) in this group. Subgroup analysis and meta‐regression were performed to explore modifying factors.ResultsTwenty‐four trials involving 2222 participants were included in this study. A substantial placebo response in TD symptom severity was identified, with a pooled effect size of −0.79 (95% confidence interval [CI] −0.99 to −0.59; I2 = 67%). Forty‐four percent (95% CI 27% to 63%; I2 = 92%) of patients experienced AEs while taking inert pills. Sample size, study design, and randomization ratio were correlated with changes in placebo and nocebo responses.ConclusionThere were considerable placebo and nocebo responses in TD clinical trials. These results are of great relevance for the design of future trials and for clinical practice in TD.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO registration ID CRD42023388397. © 2024 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Prognostic value of 18F‐FDG PET radiomics and sarcopenia in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Song Yuxing , Tian Ying , Lu Xinyan , Chen Gaoxiang , Lv Xiaozhi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundOral cancer is one of the most common malignancies in the head and neck region. Approximately 90% of oral cancers are oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). 18F‐FDG PET/CT has been used in OSCC patients for its high value in detecting metastatic lymph nodes and distant metastases. PET radiomics and sarcopenia can be measured on the PET and CT components of 18F‐FDG PET/CT.PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of radiomics and sarcopenia measured on the PET and CT components of pre‐operation 18F‐FDG PET/CT in OSCC.MethodsA total of 116 patients eventually enrolled in our study were randomly divided into two cohorts: training cohort (n = 58) and validation cohort (n = 58). The Cox model combined with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm was applied to construct the radiomics score (Rad_score). The third lumber skeletal muscle index (L3 SMI) was calculated to identify sarcopenia. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify the independent prognostic factors. Based on the clinical factors, the clinical model was constructed, and the combined model was developed through the combination of the clinical model and Rad_score. C index, time‐dependent C‐index curves, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis were used to evaluate the performance of prediction models.ResultsThree radiomics features constitute the Rad_score for overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS), respectively. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that Rad_score was an independent prognostic factor, whereas sarcopenia was not. The combined models showed satisfactory performance in both the training cohort (C‐index: OS:0.836, PFS:0.776) and the validation cohort (C‐index: OS:0.744, PFS:0.712). The combined models were visualized as nomograms. Nomogram scores can realize the risk stratification of OSCC patients. Lower nomogram score is significantly related to the poorer OS (training cohort: p < 0.0001, validation cohort: p < 0.0001, overall cohort: p < 0.0001) and PFS (training cohort: p < 0.0001, validation cohort: p = 0.00017, overall cohort: p < 0.0001).ConclusionsRad_score, but not sarcopenia, was an independent prognostic factor for patients with OSCC. The nomograms had a satisfactory performance, which might be helpful for OSCC patients and clinicians in personalized prognostic prediction and treatment decision‐making.
Dynamic changes in lung water density and volume following supine body positioning
Authors: Goodhart Thomas , Seres Peter , Grenier Justin , Keen Christopher , Stobbe Rob , Thompson Richard B. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeMeasure the changes in relative lung water density (rLWD), lung volume, and total lung water content as a function of time after supine body positioning.MethodsAn efficient ultrashort‐TE pulse sequence with a yarnball k‐space trajectory was used to measure water density–weighted lung images for 25 min following supine body positioning (free breathing, 74‐s acquisitions, 3D images at functional residual capacity, 18 time points) in 9 healthy volunteers. Global and regional (10 chest‐to‐back positions) rLWD, lung volume, and total lung water volume were measured in all subjects at all time points. Volume changes were validated with a nitrogen washout study in 3 participants.ResultsGlobal rLWD increased significantly (p = 0.001) from 31.8 ± 5.5% to 34.8 ± 6.8%, while lung volumes decreased significantly (p < 0.001) from 2390 ± 620 mL to 2130 ± 630 mL over the same 25‐min interval. Total lung water volume decreased slightly from 730 ± 125 mL to 706 ± 126 mL (p = 0.028). There was a significant chest‐to‐back gradient in rLWD (20.7 ± 4.6% to 39.9 ± 6.1%) at all time points with absolute increases of 1.8 ± 1.2% at the chest and 5.4 ± 1.9% at the back. Nitrogen washout studies yielded a similar reduction in lung volume (12.5 ± 0.9%) and time course following supine positioning.ConclusionLung volumes during tidal breathing decrease significantly over tens of minutes following supine body positioning, with corresponding increases in lung water density (9.2 ± 4.4% relative increase). The total volume of lung water is slightly reduced over this interval (3.3 ± 4.0% relative change). Evaluation of rLWD should take time after supine positioning, and more generally, all sources of lung volume changes should be taken into consideration to avoid significant bias.
On the convergence of 2D P4+$$ {P}_{4+} $$ triangular and 3D P6+$$ {P}_{6+} $$ tetrahedral divergence‐free finite elements
Authors: Zhang Shangyou 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe show that the discrete velocity solution converges at the optimal order when solving the steady state Stokes equations by the ‐ mixed finite element method for on 2D triangular grids or on tetrahedral grids, even in the case the inf‐sup condition fails. By a simple ‐projection of the discrete pressure to the space of continuous polynomials, we show this post‐processed pressure solution also converges at the optimal order. Both 2D and 3D numerical tests are presented, verifying the theory.
Public preference for the rewilding framework: A choice experiment in the Oder Delta
Authors: Dunn‐Capper Rowan , Giergiczny Marek , Fernández Néstor , Marder Fabian , Pereira Henrique M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Rewilding is an emerging paradigm in restoration science and is increasingly gaining popularity as a cost‐effective ecosystem restoration option. A rewilding framework was recently proposed that contains three integral components: restoring trophic complexity, allowing for stochastic disturbances and enhancing species' potential to disperse. However, as of yet, there has been limited quantitative analysis looking at public preference for rewilding and each of its elements.

We used a discrete choice experiment approach to determine public preference for rewilding in the Oder Delta. The unique geographical context of the Oder Delta, spreading evenly across two countries, allowed us to analyse differences between the German (n = 1005) and Polish (n = 1066) samples.

In both countries, we found that respondents were willing to pay for rewilding interventions when compared against a status quo option. Notably, preferences were strongest for restoring trophic complexity through promoting the comeback of large mammals.

In addition, we found respondents living locally to the study region had significantly different preferences than the nationwide samples, exhibiting negative willingness to pay for the restoration of natural flooding regimes and the presence of large predator species.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Plasma activated‐water stimulates aged pepper seeds and promotes seedling growth
Authors: Guo Dingmeng , Liu Hongxia , Zhang Xiaoning , Xiong Chenlu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study conducted an activation experiment on tap water using a self‐designed dielectric barrier discharge plasma field. Aged pepper seeds and seedlings were chosen as the investigation's subjects to assess plasma‐activated water (PAW's) effects on aged seed germination, seedling growth, and their respective qualities. PAW cultivation led to notable improvements in pepper seeds' germination potential and rate, with increases of 18.0% and 28.3%, respectively. Moreover, the vitality index exhibited a remarkable rise of 250.0%. Concurrently, seedlings treated with PAW exhibited significant growth enhancements, with root length, root number, stem length, and leaf area increasing by 138.6%, 69.2%, 47.9%, and 28.4 cm², respectively. Additionally, PAW treatment induces changes in endogenous substances and enzyme activities in seeds and seedlings.
Urban residence as a driver of wealth differentials: New evidence from Norway
Authors: Galster George , Wessel Terje 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe investigate theoretically and empirically how urban residence contributes to interpersonal differentials in wealth accumulation trajectories through its interrelated influences on labour and housing market outcomes. On the basis of Norwegian register data, we estimate models of one's position in various national wealth distributions over the 2010–2018 period, employing fixed‐effects to reduce geographic selection bias and obtain plausibly causal estimates of the impact of moving between levels of the rural–urban hierarchy. We find that residing in a more urbanized area for a longer duration is strongly related to one's rank in the net wealth, housing wealth and financial wealth distributions. Differentials in net wealth growth among levels of urbanization are most dramatic for younger and higher‐educated individuals, with further advantages for those who settle in Oslo. Structural equation modelling reveals that these plausibly causal effects arise primarily through gains in housing equity and (to a lesser degree) in earnings and capital incomes, confirming our conceptual model.
20(R)‐ginsenoside Rg3 attenuates cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury by mitigating mitochondrial oxidative stress via the Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling pathway
Authors: Chen Deyun , Duan Hengqian , Zou Cheng , Yang Renhua , Zhang Xiaochao , Sun Yan , Luo Xingwei , lv Di , Chen Peng , Shen Zhiqiang , He Bo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractReducing mitochondrial oxidative stress has become an important strategy to prevent neuronal death in ischemic stroke. Previous studies have shown that 20(R)‐ginsenoside Rg3 can significantly improve behavioral abnormalities, reduce infarct size, and decrease the number of apoptotic neurons in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury rats. However, it remains unclear whether 20(R)‐ginsenoside Rg3 can inhibit mitochondrial oxidative stress in ischemic stroke and the potential molecular mechanism. In this study, we found that 20(R)‐ginsenoside Rg3 notably inhibited mitochondrial oxidative stress in middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) rats and maintained the stability of mitochondrial structure and function. Treatment with 20(R)‐ginsenoside Rg3 also decreased the levels of mitochondrial fission proteins (Drp1 and Fis1) and increased the levels of fusion proteins (Opa1, Mfn1, and Mfn2) in MCAO/R rats. Furthermore, we found that 20(R)‐ginsenoside Rg3 promoted nuclear aggregation of nuclear factor erythroid2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) but did not affect Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein‐1 (Keap1), resulting in the downstream expression of antioxidants. In in vitro oxygen‐glucose deprivation/reperfusion stroke models, the results of PC12 cells treated with 20(R)‐ginsenoside Rg3 were consistent with animal experiments. After transfection with Nrf2 short interfering RNA (siRNA), the protective effect of 20(R)‐ginsenoside Rg3 on PC12 cells was reversed. In conclusion, the inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative stress plays a vital position in the anti‐cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion injury of 20(R)‐ginsenoside Rg3, and its neuroprotective mechanism is related to the activation of the nuclear factor erythroid2‐related factor 2/heme oxygenase 1 signaling pathway.
Re‐examination of statistical relationships between dietary fats and other risk factors, and cardiovascular disease, based on two crucial datasets
Authors: Ou Jiarui , Zhang Le , Ru Xiaoli 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of death in many regions around the world, and several of its risk factors might be linked to diets. To improve public health and the understanding of this topic, we look at the recent Minnesota Coronary Experiment (MCE) analysis that used t‐test and Cox model to evaluate CVD risks. However, these parametric methods might suffer from three problems: small sample size, right‐censored bias, and lack of long‐term evidence. To overcome the first of these challenges, we utilize a nonparametric permutation test to examine the relationship between dietary fats and serum total cholesterol. To address the second problem, we use a resampling‐based rank test to examine whether the serum total cholesterol level affects CVD deaths. For the third issue, we use some extra‐Framingham Heart Study (FHS) data with an A/B test to look for meta‐relationship between diets, risk factors, and CVD risks. We show that, firstly, the link between low saturated fat diets and reduction in serum total cholesterol is strong. Secondly, reducing serum total cholesterol does not robustly have an impact on CVD hazards in the diet group. Lastly, the A/B test result suggests a more complicated relationship regarding abnormal diastolic blood pressure ranges caused by diets and how these might affect the associative link between the cholesterol level and heart disease risks. This study not only helps us to deeply analyze the MCE data but also, in combination with the long‐term FHS data, reveals possible complex relationships behind diets, risk factors, and heart disease.
Protein Binding Leads to Reduced Stability and Solvated Disorder in the Polystyrene Nanoparticle Corona
Authors: Somarathne Radha P. , Amarasekara Dhanush L. , Kariyawasam Chathuri S. , Robertson Harley A. , Mayatt Railey , Gwaltney Steven R. , Fitzkee Nicholas C. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the conformation of proteins in the nanoparticle corona has important implications in how organisms respond to nanoparticle‐based drugs. These proteins coat the nanoparticle surface, and their properties will influence the nanoparticle's interaction with cell targets and the immune system. While some coronas are thought to be disordered, two key unanswered questions are the degree of disorder and solvent accessibility. Here, a model is developed for protein corona disorder in polystyrene nanoparticles of varying size. For two different proteins, it is found that binding affinity decreases as nanoparticle size increases. The stoichiometry of binding, along with changes in the hydrodynamic size, supports a highly solvated, disordered protein corona anchored at a small number of attachment sites. The scaling of the stoichiometry versus nanoparticle size is consistent with disordered polymer dimensions. Moreover, it is found that proteins are destabilized less in the presence of larger nanoparticles, and hydrophobic exposure decreases at lower curvatures. The observations hold for proteins on flat polystyrene surfaces, which have the lowest hydrophobic exposure. The model provides an explanation for previous observations of increased amyloid fibrillation rates in the presence of larger nanoparticles, and it may rationalize how cell receptors can recognize protein disorder in therapeutic nanoparticles.
P‐Incorporation Induced Enhancement of Lattice Oxygen Participation in Double Perovskite Oxides to Boost Water Oxidation
Authors: Fu Gaoliang , Zhang Leilei , Wei Ruixue , Liu Huili , Hou Ruipeng , Zhang Zheng , Yang Kun , Zhang Shouren 
Published: January 2024

AbstractActivating the lattice oxygen in the catalysts to participate in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which can break the scaling relation–induced overpotential limitation (> 0.37 V) of the adsorbate evolution mechanism, has emerged as a new and highly effective guide to accelerate the OER. However, how to increase the lattice oxygen participation of catalysts during OER remains a major challenge. Herein, P‐incorporation induced enhancement of lattice oxygen participation in double perovskite LaNi0.58Fe0.38P0.07O3‐σ (PLNFO) is studied. P‐incorporation is found to be crucial for enhancing the OER activity. The current density reaches 1.35 mA cmECSA−2 at 1.63 V (vs RHE), achieving a sixfold increase in intrinsic activity. Experimental evidences confirm the dominant lattice oxygen participation mechanism (LOM) for OER pathway on PLNFO. Further electronic structures reveal that P‐incorporation shifts the O p‐band center by 0.7 eV toward the Fermi level, making the states near the Fermi level more O p character, thus facilitating LOM and fast OER kinetics. This work offers a possible method to develop high‐performance double perovskite OER catalysts for electrochemical water splitting.
Triple Synergism Effect of Ammonium Nitrilotriacetate on the Chemical Mechanical Polishing Performance of Ruthenium Barrier Layers
Authors: He Ziwei , Zhou Jianwei , Qi Yuhang , Luo Chong , Wang Chenwei , Liu Jianghao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAs the feature size of integrated circuits continues to decrease, ruthenium (Ru) has been suggested as the successor to traditional Ta/TaN bilayers for barrier layer materials due to its unique properties. This research delves into the effects of ammonium nitrilotriacetate (NTA(NH4)3) on the chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) performance of Ru in H2O2‐based slurry. The removal rate (RR) of Ru surged from 47 to 890 Å min−1, marking an increase of about 17 times. The essence of this mechanism lies in the triple synergistic effects of NTA(NH4)3 in promoting ruthenium (Ru) removal: 1) The interaction between from NTA(NH4)3 and SiO2 abrasives; 2) The chelating action of [(NH4)N(CH2COO)3]2‐ from NTA(NH4)3 on Ru and its oxides; 3) The ammoniation and chelation of Ru and its oxides by from NTA(NH4)3, which enhance the dissolution and corrosion of oxidized Ru, making its removal during the barrier layer CMP process more efficient through mechanical means. This research introduces a synergistic approach for the effective removal of Ru, shedding light on potential applications of CMP in the field of the integrated circuits.
Evolution of internal dimensions in object‐oriented software–A time series based approach
Authors: Sousa Bruno L. , Bigonha Mariza A. S. , Ferreira Kecia A. M. , Franco Glaura C. 
Published: January 2024

SummarySoftware evolution is the process of adapting, maintaining, and updating a software system. This process concentrates the most significant part of the software costs. Many works have studied software evolution and found relevant insights, such as Lehman's laws. However, there is a gap in how software systems evolve from an internal dimensions point of view. For instance, the literature has indicated how systems grow, for example, linearly, sub‐linearly, super‐linearly, or following the Pareto distribution. However, a well‐defined pattern of how this phenomenon occurs has not been established. This work aims to define a novel method to analyze and predict software evolution. We based our strategy on time series analysis, linear regression techniques, and trend tests. In this study, we applied the proposed model to investigate how the internal structure of object‐oriented software systems evolves in terms of four dimensions: coupling, inheritance hierarchy, cohesion, and class size. Applying the proposed method, we identify the functions that better explain how the analyzed dimensions evolve. Besides, we investigate how the relationship between dimension metrics behave over the systems' evolution and the set of classes existing in the systems that affect the evolution of these dimensions. We mined and analyzed data from 46 Java‐based open‐source projects. We used eight software metrics regarding the dimensions analyzed in this study. The main results of this study reveal ten software evolution properties, among them: coupling, cohesion, and inheritance evolve linearly; a relevant percentage of classes contributes to coupling and size evolution; a small percentage of classes contributes to cohesion evolution; there is no relation between the software internal dimensions' evolution. The results also indicate that our method can accurately predict how the software system will evolve in short‐term and long‐term predictions.
High Na‐ion conductivity and mechanical integrity of anion‐exchanged polymeric hydrogel electrolytes for flexible sodium ion hybrid energy storage
Authors: Hong Jung Woo , Rana Harpalsinh H. , Park Jeong Hee , Kim Jun Su , Lee Sang Joon , Jang Gun , Kang Tae Hoon , Shin Kang Ho , Baek Sang Ha , Yang Wooseok , Kim Kwang Ho , Lee Ju‐Hyuk , Park Ho Seok 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe polymeric gel electrolytes are attractive owing to their higher ionic conductivities than those of dry polymer electrolytes and lowered water activity for enlarged potential window. However, the ionic conductivity and mechanical strength of the Na‐ion conducting polymeric gel electrolytes are limited by below 20 mS cm−1 and 2.2 MPa. Herein, we demonstrate Na‐ion conducting and flexible polymeric hydrogel electrolytes of the chemically coupled poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)‐dextrin‐N,N′‐methylene‐bis‐acrylamide film immersed in NaClO4 solution (ex‐DDA‐Dex + NaClO4) for flexible sodium‐ion hybrid capacitors (f‐NIHC). In particular, the anion exchange reaction and synergistic interaction of ex‐DDA‐Dex with the optimum ClO4− enable to greatly improve the ionic conductivity up to 27.63 mS cm−1 at 25°C and electrochemical stability window up to 2.6 V, whereas the double networking structure leads to achieve both the mechanical strength (7.48 MPa) and softness of hydrogel electrolytes. Therefore, the f‐NIHCs with the ex‐DDA‐Dex + NaClO4 achieved high specific and high‐rate capacities of 192.04 F g−1 at 500 mA g−1 and 116.06 F g−1 at 10 000 mA g−1, respectively, delivering a large energy density of 120.03 W h kg−1 at 906 W kg−1 and long cyclability of 70% over 500 cycles as well as demonstrating functional operation under mechanical stresses.