bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic review and meta‐analysis: Foods, drinks and diets and their effect on chronic constipation in adults
Authors: Van Der Schoot Alice , Katsirma Zoi , Whelan Kevin , Dimidi Eirini 
Published: October 2023

SummaryBackgroundDietary approaches are recommended for the management of chronic constipation. Until now, there has been no systematic review and meta‐analysis on foods, drinks and diets in constipation.AimsTo investigate the effect of foods, drinks and diets on response to treatment, stool output, gut transit time, symptoms, quality of life, adverse events and compliance in adults with chronic constipation via a systematic review and meta‐analysis.MethodsStudies were identified using electronic databases (12th July 2023). Intervention trials (randomised controlled trials [RCTs], non‐randomised, uncontrolled) were included. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane 2.0 (RCTs) or JBI Critical Appraisal (uncontrolled trials). Data from RCTs only were synthesised using risk ratios (RRs), mean differences (MDs), standardised mean differences (95% CI) using random‐effects.ResultsWe included 23 studies (17 RCTs, 6 uncontrolled; 1714 participants): kiwifruit (n = 7), high‐mineral water (n = 4), prunes (n = 2), rye bread (n = 2), mango, fig, cereal, oat bran, yoghurt, water supplementation, prune juice, high‐fibre diet, no‐fibre diet (n = 1). Fruits resulted in higher stool frequency than psyllium (MD: +0.36 bowel movements [BM]/week, [0.25–0.48], n = 232), kiwifruits in particular (MD: +0.36 BM/week, [0.24–0.48], n = 192); there was no difference for prunes compared with psyllium. Rye bread resulted in higher stool frequency than white bread (MD: +0.43 BM/week, [0.03–0.83], n = 48). High‐mineral water resulted in higher response to treatment than low‐mineral water (RR: 1.47, [1.20–1.81], n = 539).ConclusionsFruits and rye bread may improve certain constipation‐related outcomes. There is a scarcity of evidence on foods, drinks and diets in constipation and further RCTs are needed.
The CONFIRM trial protocol: the utility of prostate‐specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/computed tomography in active surveillance for prostate cancer
Authors: Bagguley Dominic , Harewood Laurence , McKenzie Dean , Ptasznik Gideon , Ong Sean , Chengodu Thilakavathi , Woon Dixon , Sim Kenneth , Sheldon James , Lawrentschuk Nathan 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivesPrimary objectives: To determine the additive value of prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in the risk stratification of men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer (PCa) who would have otherwise been deemed suitable for active surveillance (AS). Specifically, we aim to determine if PSMA PET/CT can detect a cohort of men on AS that are in fact high risk and likely to experience unfavourable outcomes should they remain on their current treatment pathway. Secondary objectives: to determine the additive value of PSMA PET/CT to repeat multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) of the prostate and explore whether a confirmatory biopsy may be avoided in men with a negative PSMA PET/CT and a negative repeat mpMRI of the prostate (Prostate Imaging‐Reporting and Data System score of <3). Furthermore, to develop a nomogram combining clinical, imaging and biomarker data to predict the likelihood of failure on AS in men with high‐risk features. Also, a blood sample will be taken to perform a Prostate Health Index test at the time of confirmatory biopsy. Furthermore, a portion of this blood will be stored at a biobank for up to 5 years if a follow‐up study on molecular biomarkers and genetic assays in this cohort of men is indicated, based on the results from the CONFIRM trial.Patients and MethodsThe CONFIRM trial is a prospective, multicentre, pre‐test/post‐test, cohort study across Victoria, Australia, involving men with newly diagnosed low‐risk PCa with high‐risk features, considered suitable for AS and undergoing confirmatory biopsy. The trial's goal is to provide high‐quality evidence to establish whether PSMA PET/CT has a role in risk‐stratifying men deemed suitable for AS despite having high‐risk feature(s).ResultsThe CONFIRM trial will measure the proportion of men deemed unsuitable for ongoing AS based on pathological upgrading and multidisciplinary team recommendation due to PSMA PET/CT scan and PSMA‐targeted confirmatory biopsy. Additionally, the positive and negative predictive values, sensitivity, and specificity of PSMA PET/CT will be calculated in isolation and combined with repeat mpMRI of the prostate.ConclusionsThis trial will provide robust prospective data to determine if PSMA‐PET/CT and standard of care (prostate biopsy ± repeat mpMRI) can improve diagnostic certainty in men undergoing confirmatory biopsy for low‐grade PCa with high‐risk features.
Neogene drainage reorganization of Longzhong Basin driven by growth of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau: A Sr isotope hydrological perspective
Authors: Liu Yudong , Yang Yibo , Feng Zhantao , Yan Zhongyi , Yue Yahui , Wu Fuli , Song Bowen , Fang Xiaomin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Tibetan Plateau uplift has significantly influenced Asian geomorphic and climate patterns. Drainage evolution across the plateau and its surroundings as the consequence of such changes in landscape and climate provides an opportunity to understand the growth of the Tibetan Plateau. However, the evolution history of major drainage areas around the Tibetan Plateau is largely unknown. Here, we reconstructed the evolution of drainage patterns of the Cenozoic Longzhong Basin in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau since the India–Asia collision using palaeo‐water solute 87Sr/86Sr ratio records from its subbasins. Higher solute 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the Lanzhou and Xining Basins and their consistent temporal variations before ca. 22 Ma as well as lower solute 87Sr/86Sr ratios in the Linxia Basin collectively indicate a relatively steady drainage pattern of the integrated Longzhong Basin. A diverse evolution of the solute 87Sr/86Sr ratio in the Lanzhou and Xining Basins after ca. 22 Ma suggests that there was a drainage reorganization, characterized by the division of one into multiple catchment centres, in response to the growth of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Subsequently, the identical solute 87Sr/86Sr ratios in the Lanzhou and Xining Basins were further approached at ca. 16 Ma, and the rise in the solute 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the Linxia and Tianshui Basins occurred at ca. 9–8 Ma, indicating two subsequent changes in solute composition induced by the middle Miocene uplift and late Miocene dust expansion, respectively. Our reconstructions of Cenozoic hydrological evolution in the Longzhong Basin indicate accelerated basin segmentation and drainage adjustment with solute change in response to the growth of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau during the Neogene.
Survivin enhances hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease mouse model
Authors: Lee Yeongae , Ju Yeon‐Joo , Gee Min Sung , Jeon Seung Ho , Kim Namkwon , Koo Taeyoung , Lee Jong Kil 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimsCognitive impairment is associated with reduced hippocampal neurogenesis; however, the causes of decreased hippocampal neurogenesis remain highly controversial. Here, we investigated the role of survivin in the modulation of hippocampal neurogenesis in AD.MethodsTo investigate the effect of survivin on neurogenesis in neural stem cells (NSCs), we treated mouse embryonic NSCs with a survivin inhibitor (YM155) and adeno‐associated viral survivin (AAV‐Survivin). To explore the potential role of survivin expression in AD, AAV9‐Survivin or AAV9‐GFP were injected into the dentate gyrus (DG) of hippocampus of 7‐month‐old wild‐type and 5XFAD mice. Cognitive function was measured by the Y maze and Morris water maze. Neurogenesis was investigated by BrdU staining, immature, and mature neuron markers.ResultsOur results indicate that suppression of survivin expression resulted in decreased neurogenesis. Conversely, overexpression of survivin using AAV‐Survivin restored neurogenesis in NSCs that had been suppressed by YM155 treatment. Furthermore, the expression level of survivin decreased in the 9‐month‐old 5XFAD compared with that in wild‐type mice. AAV‐Survivin‐mediated overexpression of survivin in the DG in 5XFAD mice enhanced neurogenesis and cognitive function.ConclusionHippocampal neurogenesis can be enhanced by survivin overexpression, suggesting that survivin could serve as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of AD.
Focal ictal direct current shifts by a time constant of 2 seconds were clinically useful for resective epilepsy surgery
Authors: Izumi Masaki , Kobayashi Katsuya , Kajikawa Shunsuke , Kanazawa Kyoko , Takayama Yutaro , Iijima Keiya , Iwasaki Masaki , Okahara Yoji , Mine Seiichiro , Iwadate Yasuo , Ikeda Akio 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveIctal direct current shifts (icDCs) and ictal high‐frequency oscillations (icHFOs) have been reported as surrogate markers for better surgical outcomes in epilepsy surgery. icDCs have been classified into two types: rapid and slow development. icDCs have been investigated with a time constant of 10 s (TC10s); however, many institutes use electroencephalography with a time constant of 2 s (TC2s). This study aimed to evaluate whether icDCs can be observed adequately with TC2s; moreover, it examined the relationship between the resected core area of icDCs or icHFOs and surgical outcomes, occurrence rate of each type of icDCs, and relationship between each type of icDCs and pathology.MethodsTwenty‐five patients with intractable focal epilepsy were analyzed retrospectively. icDCs and icHFOs were defined according to common metrics. The amplitude of icDCs was defined at >200 μV and even <200 μV. The two electrodes producing the most prominent icDCs and icHFOs were defined as core electrodes. The correlation between the resected core electrode area and degree of seizure control after surgery was analyzed. icDCs were classified into two types based on a peak latency value cutoff of 8.9 s, and the occurrence rates of both patterns were investigated.ResultsicDCs (142/147 seizures [96.6%]) and icHFOs (135/147 seizures [91.8%]) occurred in all patients (100%). Compared with the amplitude of icDCs with TC10s reported in previous studies, the amplitude of icDCs with TC2s was attenuated in the current study. A significant positive correlation was observed between the resected core electrode area and degree of seizure control in both icDCs and icHFOs. A rapid development pattern was observed in 202 of 264 electrodes (76.5%).SignificanceSimilar to icDCs with TC10s, those with TC2s were observed adequately. Furthermore, favorable outcomes are expected using TC2s, which is currently available worldwide.
Comparison of ultrasonographic and computed tomographic imaging of equine thoracolumbar articular process joints
Authors: Morgan Rhiannon E. , Fiske‐Jackson Andrew , Chang Yu‐Mei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundOsteoarthritis of the equine thoracolumbar articular process joints (APJs) has been linked to back pain. Changes are commonly diagnosed through nuclear scintigraphy, radiography and ultrasonography (US).Objectives(1) To assess the agreement of APJ grades between US and computed tomography (CT) images; (2) to assess the effect of location on the agreement of APJ grades between US and CT images. It was hypothesised that: (1) Periarticular modelling and modification of the joint space would have the highest and lowest agreement between US and CT images, respectively; (2) Caudal thoracolumbar APJ grades would have higher agreement between US and CT images than mid thoracic APJs.Study designComparative diagnostic imaging study using cadaveric specimens.MethodsDisarticulated thoracolumbar spines of six equids euthanised for reasons unrelated to back pain, underwent US and CT examination of the APJs. Images were assessed for periarticular modelling, modification of the joint space and enlargement of the APJ. Intra‐observer, inter‐modality and inter‐observer agreement using multilevel weighted kappa statistics to evaluate the effects of location, US/CT characteristic and their interaction.ResultsIntra‐observer agreement of US and CT grades ranged from moderate to perfect. Between T15 and L1, inter‐modality agreement (CT vs. US) for periarticular modelling was moderate, and fair for enlargement and modification of the joint space. Inter‐observer agreement (US vs. US) of periarticular modelling was substantial between T15 and L1, moderate between L1 and L5 and fair between T10 and T15. Wide confidence intervals (CIs) seen for most grades apart from inter‐observer grades of periarticular modelling at T15–L5, introducing a degree of uncertainty into the results.Main limitationsLarge prevalence index influenced kappa values, small sample size.ConclusionsGood inter‐observer (US vs. US) and inter‐modality (CT vs. US) agreement of caudal thoracolumbar APJ periarticular modelling. This US characteristic provides a measure of bone change, therefore supporting the use of diagnostic ultrasound. Inter‐modality CIs were wide, highlighting the study and imaging modality limitations.
A remote sensing method for mapping alpine grasslines based on graph‐cut
Authors: Liu Licong , Chen Jin , Shen Miaogen , Chen Xuehong , Cao Ruyin , Cao Xin , Cui Xihong , Yang Wei , Zhu Xiaolin , Li Le , Tang Yanhong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractClimate change has induced substantial shifts in vegetation boundaries such as alpine treelines and shrublines, with widespread ecological and climatic influences. However, spatial and temporal changes in the upper elevational limit of alpine grasslands (“alpine grasslines”) are still poorly understood due to lack of field observations and remote sensing estimates. In this study, taking the Tibetan Plateau as an example, we propose a novel method for automatically identifying alpine grasslines from multi‐source remote sensing data and determining their positions at 30‐m spatial resolution. We first identified 2895 mountains potentially having alpine grasslines. On each mountain, we identified a narrow area around the upper elevational limit of alpine grasslands where the alpine grassline was potentially located. Then, we used linear discriminant analysis to adaptively generate from Landsat reflectance features a synthetic feature that maximized the difference between vegetated and unvegetated pixels in each of these areas. After that, we designed a graph‐cut algorithm to integrate the advantages of the Otsu and Canny approaches, which was used to determine the precise position of the alpine grassline from the synthetic feature image. Validation against alpine grasslines visually interpreted from a large number of high‐spatial‐resolution images showed a high level of accuracy (R2, .99 and .98; mean absolute error, 22.6 and 36.2 m, vs. drone and PlanetScope images, respectively). Across the Tibetan Plateau, the alpine grassline elevation ranged from 4038 to 5380 m (5th–95th percentile), lower in the northeast and southeast and higher in the southwest. This study provides a method for remotely sensing alpine grasslines for the first‐time at large scale and lays a foundation for investigating their responses to climate change.
Application of a pattern‐based approach to histological diagnosis in very early onset IBD (VEO‐IBD) in a multicentric cohort of children with emphasis on monogenic disease with IBD‐like morphology
Authors: Parente Paola , Macciomei Maria C , Buccoliero Anna M , Santoro Luisa , Cafferata Barbara , Bifano Delfina , Ferro Jacopo , Vanoli Alessandro , Fassan Matteo , Angerilli Valentina , Alaggio Rita , Mastracci Luca , D'Armiento Maria , Grillo Federica , Francalanci Paola 
Published: October 2023

AimsVery early‐onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO‐IBD) is a clinical umbrella term referring to IBD‐like symptoms arising in children before the age of 6 years, encompassing both ‘pure’ IBD, such as ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) and monogenic diseases (MDs), the latter often involving genes associated with primary immunodeficiencies. Moreover, histological features in gastrointestinal (GI) biopsies in MD can also have IBD‐like morphology, making differential diagnosis difficult. Correct diagnosis is fundamental, as MDs show a more severe clinical course and their inadequate/untimely recognition leads to inappropriate therapy.Methods and resultsBiopsy samples from the lower and upper GI tract of 93 clinically diagnosed VEO‐IBD children were retrospectively selected in a multicentre cohort and histologically re‐evaluated by 10 pathologists blinded to clinical information. Each case was classified according to morphological patterns, including UC‐like; CD‐like; enterocolitis‐like; apoptotic; eosinophil‐rich; and IBD‐unclassified (IBD‐U). Nine (69%) MD children showed IBD‐like morphology; only the IBD‐U pattern correlated with MD diagnosis (P = 0.02) (available in 64 cases: 51 non‐MD, true early‐onset IBD/other; 13 MD cases). MD patients showed earlier GI symptom onset (18.7 versus 26.9 months) and were sent to endoscopy earlier (22 versus 37 months), these differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Upper GI histology was informative in 37 biopsies.ConclusionsThe diagnosis of the underlying cause of VEO‐IBD requires a multidisciplinary setting, and pathology, while being one of the fundamental puzzle pieces, is often difficult to interpret. A pattern‐based histological approach is therefore suggested, thus aiding the pathologist in VEO‐IBD reporting and multidisciplinary discussion.
Temporal and spatial changes in microbial communities and their correlation with volatile aroma compounds during the fermentation of Mucor racemosus sufu
Authors: Wang Jun , Zhang Feilong , Zeng Chuanli , Xi Xiaoli , Yao Ting , Yang Haiyan , Ma Yanli 
Published: October 2023

SummarySufu, a traditional Chinese fermented soybean food, had its flavour and quality influenced by the specific strains and fermentation environment. To investigate how microbial community succession affects the volatile aroma substances of Mucor racemosus sufu during fermentation, the microbial community structure using high‐throughput sequencing (HTS) technology was analysed. Additionally, volatile flavour compounds using solid‐phase microextraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry (SPME‐GC–MS) were detected. Throughout the pre‐fermentation, salting, and post‐fermentation stages, the changes in the microbial communities over time and space due to environmental variations were observed. The colony compositions at the phylum and genus levels were also analysed. The results revealed that Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the dominant bacterial phyla in the final fermented product. Furthermore, several microorganisms associated with flavour substances were identified, such as Lactobacillus, Pseudomonas, Wescheria, Hyphomyces, Candida, and Pichia. These microorganisms primarily influenced the synthesis of alcohols and acids, contributing to the overall flavour profile of the sufu. In the analysis of the final product, it identified fifty‐four volatile flavour compounds, including alcohols, esters, phenolic acids, aldehydes, ketones, ether, alkenes, and other compounds. These findings have important implications for isolating specific strains, enhancing flavour, and providing a solid foundation for optimising and ensuring the quality of sufu.
The potential role of ferroptosis in the physiopathology of deep tissue injuries
Authors: Han Lin , Pei Juhong , Tao Hongxia , Guo Xiaojing , Wei Yuting , Yang Zhuang , Zhang Hongyan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDeep tissue injuries (DTIs) are a serious type of pressure injuries that mainly occur at the bony prominences and can develop rapidly, making prevention and treatment more difficult. Although consistent research efforts have been made over the years, the cellular and molecular mechanisms contributing to the development of DTIs remain unclear. More recently, ferroptosis, a novel regulatory cell death (RCD) type, has been identified that is morphological, biochemical and genetic criteria distinct from apoptosis, autophagy and other known cell death pathways. Ferroptosis is characterized by iron overload, iron‐dependent lipid peroxidation and shrunken mitochondria. We also note that some of the pathological features of DTI are known to be key features of the ferroptosis pathway. Numerous studies have confirmed that ferroptosis may be involved in chronic wounds, including DTIs. Here, we elaborate on the basic pathological features of ferroptosis. We also present the evidence that ferroptosis is involved in the pathology of DTIs and highlight a future perspective on this emerging field, desiring to provide more possibilities for the prevention and treatment of DTIs.
A European Public Sphere United by Football: A Comparative Quantitative Text Analysis of German, Norwegian, Polish and Spanish Football Media
Authors: Biel Jonas , Finger Tobias , Niemann Arne , Reinke Vincent , Kossakowski Radosław , Jungblut Jens , Mańkowski Dobrosław , Llopis‐Goig Ramón 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe ability of the European community to respond to the multiple crises threatening the European Union and Europe depends in part on citizens' shared European identity giving legitimacy and support to communal action. Men's elite European club football is an example of a cultural practice that is highly Europeanised, reaches diverse audiences and is a known carrier of collective identities. This article examines the emergence of a European public football sphere through the convergence of football coverage across national media spaces, serving as a foundation for European identity constructions. It connects the concept of a European public sphere to the Europeanisation and mediatisation of football and its potential effects on European identity formation. Results indicate a convergence of football coverage around high‐profile and high‐status aspects of European football, creating a strongly aligned, homogenous but exclusive European public football sphere that leaves many parts of Europe on the sidelines.
Sleepless on the road: Are mothers of infants with insomnia at risk for impaired driving?
Authors: Kahn Michal , Irwin Christopher , Pillion Meg , Whittall Hannah , Fitton Josh , Sprajcer Madeline , Gradisar Michael 
Published: October 2023

SummaryInfant sleep problems have been associated with a myriad of adverse child and parent outcomes, yet whether these problems may pose a risk for parents on the road has received little research attention. This study sought to test whether mothers of infants with insomnia are at an elevated risk for vehicular crashes, by comparing their objectively measured driving performance with that of mothers of well‐sleeping infants and with that of women without children. Fifty‐four women from these three groups completed a simulated driving task. Outcome measures included standard deviation of lateral position, number of lane crossings, standard deviation of speed, average speed and maximum speed. Women additionally reported on their driving behaviour using the Driving Behaviour Questionnaire, and on sleep, sleepiness and insomnia symptoms using 7‐day sleep diaries and questionnaires. Mothers of infants with insomnia demonstrated greater lane deviation (Wald = 9.53, p = 0.009), higher maximum speed (Wald = 6.10, p = 0.04) and poorer self‐rated driving behaviour (Wald = 7.44, p = 0.02) compared with control groups. Analyses also indicated that driving performance in mothers of infants with insomnia tended to be poorer relative to control groups with the progression of time on task. While further research is needed to assess the scope of these effects, our findings suggest that parents, healthcare providers and policymakers should be aware of the potential consequences of infant sleep problems on road safety, and collaborate to establish strategies to mitigate these risks.