bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Set-Theoretic Analysis of the Black Hole Entropy Puzzle
Authors: Etesi Gábor 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMotivated by the known mathematical and physical problems arising from the current mathematical formalization of the physical spatio-temporal continuum, as a substantial technical clarification of our earlier attempt (Etesi in Found Sci 25:327–340, 2020), the aim in this paper is twofold. Firstly, by interpreting Chaitin’s variant of Gödel’s first incompleteness theorem as an inherent uncertainty or fuzziness present in the set of real numbers, a set-theoretic entropy is assigned to it using the Kullback–Leibler relative entropy of a pair of Riemannian manifolds. Then exploiting the non-negativity of this relative entropy an abstract Hawking-like area theorem is derived. Secondly, by analyzing Noether’s theorem on symmetries and conserved quantities, we argue that whenever the four dimensional space-time continuum containing a single, stationary, asymptotically flat black hole is modeled by the set of real numbers in the mathematical formulation of general relativity, the hidden set-theoretic entropy of this latter structure reveals itself as the entropy of the black hole (proportional to the area of its “instantaneous” event horizon), indicating that this apparently physical quantity might have a pure set-theoretic origin, too.
Elastic–Plastic Analysis of Rigid Passive Piles in Two-Layered Soils
Authors: Bellezza Ivo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe paper analyses the behavior of a rigid passive pile embedded in a soil profile consisting of a stable layer underlying an unstable layer subjected to a uniform soil displacement. Pile-soil interaction is considered by modeling the soil by a series of elastic–plastic springs along the pile shaft. The modulus of horizontal subgrade reaction is assumed to linearly increase with depth in the unstable layer and constant in the stable one. The ultimate soil resistance is assumed increasing with depth in both layers. The results of analysis are presented in dimensionless form in terms of shear force developed at the slip surface as a function of the pile embedment into the stable layer and the distribution of soil characteristics over depth. The method allows capturing pile response not only at the soil ultimate state but also at the intermediate states. Specifically, the governing equations for the elastic, elastic–plastic and plastic cases are discussed and, whenever possible, a set of closed-form expressions is provided to estimate the maximum bending moment along the shaft and the pile head deflection, so that for an assigned value of the required stabilizing force both ultimate and serviceability limit state of the pile can be checked. A numerical example is given to illustrate the application of the proposed procedure.
Algorithmic strategies for a fast exploration of the TSP $$4$$-OPT neighborhood
Authors: Lancia Giuseppe , Dalpasso Marcello 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe describe an effective algorithm for exploring the $$4$$

4

-OPT neighborhood for the Traveling Salesman Problem. $$4$$

4

-OPT moves change a tour into another by replacing four of its edges. The best move can be found by a $$\Theta (n^4)$$

Θ
(

n
4

)

algorithm by complete enumeration, but a $$\Theta (n^3)$$

Θ
(

n
3

)

dynamic programming algorithm exists in the literature. Furthermore a $$\Theta (n^2)$$

Θ
(

n
2

)

algorithm also exists for a particular subset of symmetric $$4$$

4

-OPT moves. In this work we describe a new procedure which behaves, on average, slightly worse than a quadratic algorithm over all moves (estimated at $$O(n^{2.5})$$

O
(

n

2.5

)

) and like a quadratic algorithm on the symmetric moves. Computational results are reported which show the effectiveness of our strategy compared to other algorithms for finding the best $$4$$

4

-OPT move, and discuss the strength of the $$4$$

4

-OPT neighborhood compared to 2- and $$3$$

3

-OPT.
Exploring the impact of organizational characteristics on research agendas across scientific fields
Authors: Santos João M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAn increasing culture of performativity has led to changes in the organizational landscape of academic institutions. While the impact of these changes on outputs is well documented, their impact on academics’ strategic research agendas is still an emerging topic. This study expands upon previous research on this issue and focuses on comparing these dynamics across all fields of science using a global sample of academics. We found that most of the relationships between organizational features and research agendas were mostly consistent across disciplines, with variations mainly in the strength rather than the direction of effects. The perceived access to resources, autonomy, and collegiality was the key driver in promoting ambitious, collaborative, discovery-driven, and multidisciplinary agendas. Furthermore, our findings suggest a concerning trend in research institutions: academics that are more willing to stay in their institutions and are more aligned with its demands are less inclined to pursue trailblazing agendas. Although most of these effects were universal, some field-specific dynamics are also discussed, notably in what concerns the so-called “hard” sciences. This study highlights the importance of promoting a collegial environment with a high degree of autonomy to foster discovery-driven research and underscores the potential risks of the “publish or perish” culture prevalent in academia.
Intentionality as Tendency and Intentionality as Consciousness-of
Authors: Spano Nicola 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this paper, I argue that according to Edmund Husserl “tendency” does not designate a specific class of intentional experiences but rather, on par with “consciousness-of,” a universal mode of intentionality essential for any constitution of sense. In doing so, I explicate Husserl’s distinction between intentionality as tendency (Tendenz), which he describes as a striving (Streben), and intentionality as consciousness-of (Bewusstsein-von), which he describes as a presentation (Vorstellung) of an intentional object. Then, I discuss Husserl’s problematic way of relating these two universal modes of intentionality. Although he claims that intentionality as tendency presupposes intentionality as consciousness-of, I argue that the universal validity of this presupposition is put into question by the consideration of drives (Triebe), which Husserl describes as passive tendencies that originally lack any consciousness of the end strived toward, and, hence, do not seem to presuppose any presentation of it. I show that the lack of intentionality as consciousness-of poses two major problems in Husserl’s account, in that it makes drives seemingly unintelligible as (i) strivings and as (ii) motivated experiences. Lastly, to find a possible solution to these problems and better clarify the relation between intentionality as tendency and intentionality as consciousness-of at the level of drives, I explore Edith Stein’s account of drives as aimless strivings governed by experiential causality (Erlebniskausalität), discussing its advantages and potential drawbacks, as well as its compatibility with Husserl’s account.
Consciousness of Emotion and Emotive Consciousness in Geiger and Husserl
Authors: Vendrell Ferran Ingrid 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMoritz Geiger’s 1911 article on the consciousness of feeling, entitled “Das Bewusstsein von Gefühlen,” was an object of study for Husserl in a series of manuscripts recently published in Studien zur Struktur des Bewusstseins II. Gefühl und Wert (1896-1925)(2020). Geiger’s article and Husserl’s remarks on it received attention from Métraux (1975), but, more recently, an increasing number of publications have been devoted to the topic (Averchi, 2015a, 2015b; Crespo, 2015; Quepons, 2017; Marcos del Cano, 2023). These new publications identify a central area of disagreement between the two authors concerning the nature of emotive consciousness, i.e., the mode in which affective states relate to their objects. For Geiger, emotions are directed toward their objects but are not regarded as intentional and, in certain forms of consciousness, can even lose their relation to their objects. By contrast, for Husserl, intentionality is an intrinsic feature of emotive consciousness. The paper shows that Geiger’s and Husserl’s disagreement on the nature of emotions is rooted in their different pictures of the structure of consciousness and, in particular, the place of feeling in their respective ontologies of the mind.
Treatment with β-Adrenoceptor Agonist Isoproterenol Reduces Non-parenchymal Cell Responses in LPS/D-GalN-Induced Liver Injury
Authors: Wu Yuchao , Ni Tianzhi , Zhang Mengmeng , Fu Shan , Ren Danfeng , Feng Yali , Liang Huiping , Zhang Ze , Zhao Yingren , He Yingli , Yang Yuan , Tian Zhen , Yan Taotao , Liu Jinfeng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThere is an increasing evidence indicating the involvement of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in liver disease development. To achieve an extensive comprehension of the obscure process by which the SNS alleviates inflammatory damage in non-parenchymal liver cells (NPCs) during acute liver failure (ALF), we employ isoproterenol (ISO), a beta-adrenoceptor agonist, to mimic SNS signaling. ISO was administered to C57BL/6J mice to establish an acute liver failure (ALF) model using LPS/D-GalN, which was defined as ISO + ALF. Non-parenchymal cells (NPCs) were isolated from liver tissues and digested for tandem mass tag (TMT) labeled proteomics to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). The administration of ISO resulted in a decreased serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, e.g., TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in ALF mice, which alleviated liver damage. By using TMT analysis, it was possible to identify 1587 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in isolated NPCs. Notably, over 60% of the DEPs in the ISO + ALF vs. ALF comparison were shared in the Con vs. ALF comparison. According to enrichment analysis, the DEPs influenced by ISO in ALF mice were linked to biological functions of heme and fatty acid metabolism, interferon gamma response, TNFA signaling pathway, and mitochondrial oxidation function. Protein-protein interaction network analysis indicated Mapk14 and Caspase3 may serve as potentially valuable indicators of ISO intervention. In addition, the markers on activated macrophages, such as Mapk14, Casp1, Casp8, and Mrc1, were identified downregulated after ISO initiation. ISO treatment increased the abundance of anti-inflammatory markers in mouse macrophages, as evidenced by the immunohistochemistry (IHC) slides showing an increase in Arg + staining and a reduction in iNOS + staining. Furthermore, pretreatment with ISO also resulted in a reduction of LPS-stimulated inflammation signaling markers, Mapk14 and NF-κB, in human THP-1 cells. Prior treatment with ISO may have the potential to modify the biological functions of NPCs and could serve as an innovative pharmacotherapy for delaying the pathogenesis and progression of ALF.
Real-time monitoring and quality assurance for laser-based directed energy deposition: integrating co-axial imaging and self-supervised deep learning framework
Authors: Pandiyan Vigneashwara , Cui Di , Richter Roland Axel , Parrilli Annapaola , Leparoux Marc 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising solution for real-time monitoring of the quality of additively manufactured (AM) metallic parts. This study focuses on the Laser-based Directed Energy Deposition (L-DED) process and utilizes embedded vision systems to capture critical melt pool characteristics for continuous monitoring. Two self-learning frameworks based on Convolutional Neural Networks and Transformer architecture are applied to process zone images from different DED process regimes, enabling in-situ monitoring without ground truth information. The evaluation is based on a dataset of process zone images obtained during the deposition of titanium powder (Cp-Ti, grade 1), forming a cube geometry using four laser regimes. By training and evaluating the Deep Learning (DL) algorithms using a co-axially mounted Charged Couple Device (CCD) camera within the process zone, the down-sampled representations of process zone images are effectively used with conventional classifiers for L-DED process monitoring. The high classification accuracies achieved validate the feasibility and efficacy of self-learning strategies in real-time quality assessment of AM. This study highlights the potential of AI-based monitoring systems and self-learning algorithms in quantifying the quality of AM metallic parts during fabrication. The integration of embedded vision systems and self-learning algorithms presents a novel contribution, particularly in the context of the L-DED process. The findings open avenues for further research and development in AM process monitoring, emphasizing the importance of self-supervised in situ monitoring techniques in ensuring part quality during fabrication.
A Systematic Review of HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Implementation in U.S. Emergency Departments: Patient Screening, Prescribing, and Linkage to Care
Authors: Jackson Kristopher J. , Chitle Pooja , McCoy Sandra I. , White Douglas A.E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn the pursuit of ending the HIV epidemic, U.S. emergency departments (EDs) have emerged as a valuable setting to increase HIV testing and linkage to care. There is limited data available, however, describing the incorporation of HIV prevention initiatives in U.S. EDs. Over the last decade, HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has significantly changed the HIV prevention landscape globally and very little is known about the provision of PrEP in U.S. EDs. To address this gap in the literature, we conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed quantitative studies and conference abstracts spanning July 2012 - October 2022. Of 433 citations, 11 articles and 13 abstracts meet our inclusion criteria, representing 18 unique studies addressing PrEP screening, prescribing, and/or linkage to PrEP care.Most studies describe screening processes to identify PrEP-eligible patients (n = 17); most studies leveraged a patient’s STI history as initial PrEP eligibility screening criteria. Fewer studies describe PrEP prescribing (n = 2) and/or linkage to PrEP care (n = 8).Findings from this systematic review highlight the potential for U.S. EDs to increase PrEP uptake among individuals at risk for HIV infection. Despite a growing number of studies exploring processes for incorporating PrEP into the ED setting, such studies are small-scale and time limited. Models providing prescribing PrEP in the ED show higher initiation rates than post-discharge engagement models. Electronic health record (EHR)-based HIV screening is valuable, but post-ED linkage rates are low. Our findings emphasize the need to establish best practices for initiating and supporting prevention effective PrEP use in the ED setting.
Scheduling the repair and replacement of individual components in operating systems: a bi-objective mathematical optimization model
Authors: Obradović Gabrijela , Strömberg Ann-Brith , Lundberg Kristian 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPreventive maintenance (PM) is performed so that failure is avoided while corrective maintenance is performed after a failure has occurred in order to restore the system back to an operational state. This research aims at scheduling PM activities for a multi-component system within a finite time horizon. We consider a setting with two stakeholders, being the system operator and the maintenance workshop, and two different contract types governing their joint activities, namely an availability contract and a turn-around time contract. Components in the systems that are to be maintained are sent to the maintenance workshop, which needs to schedule and perform all maintenance activities while at the same time satisfying the contract and not exceeding the workshop capacity. Our modelling is based on a mixed-binary linear optimization model of a PM scheduling problem with so-called interval costs over a finite and discretized time horizon. We enhance this scheduling model with the flow of individual components through the maintenance workshop, including stocks of spare components, both those components that need repair and the repaired ones. The resulting scheduling model is then utilized in the optimization of two main contracts, namely maximizing the availability of repaired (or new) components and minimizing the deviation from the contracted turn-around times for the components in the maintenance loop. Each of these objectives is combined with the objective to minimize the costs for maintenance of the operating system, leading to two bi-objective optimization problems. We analyse the two contracting forms between the stakeholders by studying and comparing the Pareto fronts resulting from different parameter settings, regarding minimum allowed stock levels and investments in repair capacity of the workshop. Our bi-objective mixed-binary linear optimization model is able to capture important properties of the results from the contracting forms as well as to show that, in our setting, an availability contract performs better than a turn-around time contract in terms of tractability.
Trajectories of Loneliness During Adolescence Predict Subsequent Symptoms of Depression and Positive Wellbeing
Authors: Hunter Simon C. , Seth Rebecca , Houghton Stephen , Lawrence David , Zadow Corinne , Rosenberg Michael , Wood Lisa , Qualter Pamela , Shilton Trevor 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThere is a need to identify the outcomes of changes in loneliness during adolescence, and to consider this within a multidimensional framework of loneliness. This study considered the effects of different trajectories of change in Isolation Loneliness and in Friendship Loneliness upon both positive wellbeing and symptoms of depression. To achieve this, 1782 (43% female; 12.92 years old at the start of the study, SD = 1.60) young people took part in a longitudinal study with four data points across 2 years. Four Isolation Loneliness trajectories and five Friendship Loneliness trajectories were identified. Youth who experienced low levels of Isolation Loneliness that subsequently increased appear to be at particular risk for poor outcomes. Similarly, initially high levels of Friendship Loneliness that decreased rapidly, or which began at a low level and only increased marginally, seem to also be a risk. Loneliness is a multi-dimensional construct and its development during adolescence impacts upon young people’s depressive symptomatology and positive mental wellbeing.
Risk Preferences in the Delegation Process
Authors: Schwaninger Manuel C. , Mühlböck Monika , Sauermann Jan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPolitical decisions usually involve risks regarding potential outcomes. In an ideal representative system, voters should therefore evaluate politicians not only according to the policies they support, but also according to their inclination to take risks. In this study, we examine whether risk preferences affect voting decisions in an incentivized online experiment. Subjects assigned the role of politicians decide for the voters how much to invest in a risky policy, whereas subjects assigned the role of voters learn about the risk profiles of the politicians and decide whether to re-elect the incumbent or to elect the challenger. The treatments vary the risk and potential reward of the policy politicians can implement as well as the information voters receive about the consequences of a politician’s decision. We find that voters are significantly more likely to elect politicians who propose policies that are in line with the voters’ risk preferences and that politicians adapt to the assumed risk preferences of the voters. If a voter learns that the politician’s decision led to a negative outcome, despite a low probability of such an outcome, she is less likely to re-elect this politician. Furthermore, the results suggest an incumbency advantage independent of institutional advantages.
Entropic taming of the Look Elsewhere Effect
Authors: Rédei Miklós , Gömöri Márton 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTo mitigate the Look Elsewhere Effect in multiple hypothesis testing usingp-values, the paper suggests an “entropic correction” of the significance level at which the null hypothesis is rejected. The proposed correction uses the entropic uncertainty associated with the probability measure that expresses the prior-to-test probabilities expressing how likely the confirming evidence may occur at values of the parameter. When the prior-to-test probability is uniform (embodying maximal uncertainty) the entropic correction coincides with the Bonferroni correction. When the prior-to-test probability embodies maximal certainty (is concentrated on a single value of the parameter at which the evidence is obtained), the entropic correction overrides the Look Elsewhere Effect completely by not requiring any correction of significance. The intermediate situation is illustrated by a simple hypothetical example. Interpreting the prior-to-test probability subjectively allows a Bayesian spirit enter the frequentist multiple hypothesis testing in a disciplined manner. If the prior-to-test probability is determined objectively, the entropic correction makes possible to take into account in a technically explicit way the background theoretical knowledge relevant for the test.
Outcomes of mechanical thrombectomy in acute stroke patients with atrial fibrillation detected after stroke versus known atrial fibrillation
Authors: D’Anna Lucio , Ornello Raffaele , Foschi Matteo , Romoli Michele , Abu-Rumeileh Samir , Dolkar Tsering , Vittay Orsolya , Dixon Luke , Bentley Paul , Brown Zoe , Hall Charles , Jamil Sohaa , Jenkins Harri , Kwan Joseph , Patel Maneesh , Rane Neil , Roi Dylan , Singh Abhinav , Venter Marius , Kalladka Dheeraj , Malik Abid , Halse Omid , Sacco Simona , Banerjee Soma , Lobotesis Kyriakos 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe aim to compare the outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation detected after stroke (AFDAS) and their counterparts with known AF (KAF) presenting with large vessel occlusion (LVO) treated with mechanical thrombectomy (MT). This observational, prospective study included consecutive patients with acute LVO ischemic stroke of the anterior circulation with AFDAS, KAF and without AF. The primary study outcome was functional independence at 90 days after stroke. The secondary study outcomes were variation of the NIHSS score at 24 h, rate of successful reperfusion, death at 90 days and rate of immediate complications post-procedure. Overall, our cohort included 518 patients with acute ischemic stroke and LVO treated with MT, with 289 (56.8%) without a diagnosis of AF; 107 (21%) with AFDAS; 122 (22.2%) with KAF. There was no significant difference in terms of functional independence at 90 days after stroke between the three groups. Regarding the secondary study outcome, the rate of symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (sICH) and/or parenchymal hematoma (PH) were significantly higher in the group of patients without AF (respectively, P = 0.030 and  < 0.010). Logistic regression analysis showed that the subtypes of AF were not statistically significantly associated with functional independence at 90 days after stroke and with the likelihood of any ICH. Our results suggest that the subtypes of AF are not associated with clinical and safety outcomes of MT in patients with acute stroke and LVO. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings.