bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plume flow characteristics of rectangular exhaust nozzles in a micro-jet engine
Authors: Lee C. , Choi S.M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe flow characteristics of the plume ejected from a micro-jet engine’s rectangular exhaust nozzle have been studied by conducting experimental and numerical analyses. The radiated infrared signature of a plume ejected from a rectangular exhaust nozzle with a large aspect ratio in a jet propulsion engine is known to be significantly lower than that of a plume ejected from a circular exhaust nozzle. The velocity and temperature distributions, which are the flow characteristics of the jet, were measured to investigate this phenomenon. For this purpose, we installed a circular nozzle and a rectangular exhaust nozzle with an aspect ratio of five to a micro-jet engine. The results showed that the plume spreads wider as it moves away from the nozzle exit and that the velocity rapidly decreases in the case of the rectangular nozzle, contrary to the case of the circular nozzle. Similar tendencies were observed for the temperature distribution and magnitude of the ejected plume. Thus, we concluded that the flow distribution caused by the nozzle shape induces a greater drop in the radiated infrared signature of the plume ejected from the rectangular nozzle than the circular nozzle. Flow analysis was conducted to evaluate the flow in and outside the exhaust nozzle; results similar to those of the experiment were obtained. These results show that the ejecting jet has a greater mixing effect on the air outside when using the rectangular nozzle than the circular nozzle.
Asymptotic expansion of matrix models in the multi-cut regime
Authors: Borot Gaëtan , Guionnet Alice 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We establish the asymptotic expansion in

$\beta $

matrix models with a confining, off-critical potential in the regime where the support of the equilibrium measure is a finite union of segments. We first address the case where the filling fractions of these segments are fixed and show the existence of a

$\frac {1}{N}$

expansion. We then study the asymptotics of the sum over the filling fractions to obtain the full asymptotic expansion for the initial problem in the multi-cut regime. In particular, we identify the fluctuations of the linear statistics and show that they are approximated in law by the sum of a Gaussian random variable and an independent Gaussian discrete random variable with oscillating center. Fluctuations of filling fractions are also described by an oscillating discrete Gaussian random variable. We apply our results to study the all-order small dispersion asymptotics of solutions of the Toda chain associated with the one Hermitian matrix model (

$\beta = 2$

) as well as orthogonal (

$\beta = 1$

) and skew-orthogonal (

$\beta = 4$

) polynomials outside the bulk.
Psychometric reliability, validity, and generalizability of 3MSE scores among American Indian adults: the Strong Heart Study
Authors: Suchy-Dicey Astrid M. , Vo Thao T. , Oziel Kyra , Buchwald Dedra S. , Nelson Lonnie A. , Verney Steven P. , French Brian F. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjective:Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MSE) is often used to screen for dementia, but little is known about psychometric validity in American Indians.Methods:We recruited 818 American Indians aged 65–95 for 3MSE examinations in 2010–2013; 403 returned for a repeat examination in 2017–2019. Analyses included standard psychometrics inferences for interpretation, generalizability, and extrapolation: factor analysis; internal consistency-reliability; test-retest score stability; multiple indicator multiple cause structural equation models.Results:This cohort was mean age 73, majority female, mean 12 years education, and majority bilingual. The 4-factor and 2nd-order models fit best, with subfactors for orientation and visuo-construction (OVC), language and executive functioning (LEF), psychomotor and working memory (PMWM), verbal and episodic memory (VEM). Factor structure was supported for both research and clinical interpretation, and factor loadings were moderate to high. Scores were generally consistent over mean 7 years. Younger participants performed better in overall scores, but not in individual factors. Males performed better on OVC and LEF, females better on PMWM. Those with more education performed better on LEF and worse on OVC; the converse was true for bilinguals. All differences were significant, but small.Conclusion:These findings support use of 3MSE for individual interpretation in clinic and research among American Indians, with moderate consistency, stability, reliability over time. Observed extrapolations across age, sex, education, and bilingual groups suggest some important contextual differences may exist.
p300 nucleocytoplasmic shuttling underlies mTORC1 hyperactivation in Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome
Authors: Son Sung Min , Park So Jung , Breusegem Sophia Y. , Larrieu Delphine , Rubinsztein David C. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a master regulator of cell growth, metabolism and autophagy. Multiple pathways modulate mTORC1 in response to nutrients. Here we describe that nucleus–cytoplasmic shuttling of p300/EP300 regulates mTORC1 activity in response to amino acid or glucose levels. Depletion of these nutrients causes cytoplasm-to-nucleus relocalization of p300 that decreases acetylation of the mTORC1 component raptor, thereby reducing mTORC1 activity and activating autophagy. This is mediated by AMP-activated protein kinase-dependent phosphorylation of p300 at serine 89. Nutrient addition to starved cells results in protein phosphatase 2A-dependent dephosphorylation of nuclear p300, enabling its CRM1-dependent export to the cytoplasm to mediate mTORC1 reactivation. p300 shuttling regulates mTORC1 in most cell types and occurs in response to altered nutrients in diverse mouse tissues. Interestingly, p300 cytoplasm–nucleus shuttling is altered in cells from patients with Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome. p300 mislocalization by the disease-causing protein, progerin, activates mTORC1 and inhibits autophagy, phenotypes that are normalized by modulating p300 shuttling. These results reveal how nutrients regulate mTORC1, a cytoplasmic complex, by shuttling its positive regulator p300 in and out of the nucleus, and how this pathway is misregulated in Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome, causing mTORC1 hyperactivation and defective autophagy.
Rapid groundwater decline and some cases of recovery in aquifers globally
Authors: Jasechko Scott , Seybold Hansjörg , Perrone Debra , Fan Ying , Shamsudduha Mohammad , Taylor Richard G. , Fallatah Othman , Kirchner James W. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGroundwater resources are vital to ecosystems and livelihoods. Excessive groundwater withdrawals can cause groundwater levels to decline1–10, resulting in seawater intrusion11, land subsidence12,13, streamflow depletion14–16and wells running dry17. However, the global pace and prevalence of local groundwater declines are poorly constrained, because in situ groundwater levels have not been synthesized at the global scale. Here we analyse in situ groundwater-level trends for 170,000 monitoring wells and 1,693 aquifer systems in countries that encompass approximately 75% of global groundwater withdrawals18. We show that rapid groundwater-level declines (>0.5 m year−1) are widespread in the twenty-first century, especially in dry regions with extensive croplands. Critically, we also show that groundwater-level declines have accelerated over the past four decades in 30% of the world’s regional aquifers. This widespread acceleration in groundwater-level deepening highlights an urgent need for more effective measures to address groundwater depletion. Our analysis also reveals specific cases in which depletion trends have reversed following policy changes, managed aquifer recharge and surface-water diversions, demonstrating the potential for depleted aquifer systems to recover.
Green steel from red mud through climate-neutral hydrogen plasma reduction
Authors: Jovičević-Klug Matic , Souza Filho Isnaldi R. , Springer Hauke , Adam Christian , Raabe Dierk 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRed mud is the waste of bauxite refinement into alumina, the feedstock for aluminium production1. With about 180 million tonnes produced per year1, red mud has amassed to one of the largest environmentally hazardous waste products, with the staggering amount of 4 billion tonnes accumulated on a global scale1. Here we present how this red mud can be turned into valuable and sustainable feedstock for ironmaking using fossil-free hydrogen-plasma-based reduction, thus mitigating a part of the steel-related carbon dioxide emissions by making it available for the production of several hundred million tonnes of green steel. The process proceeds through rapid liquid-state reduction, chemical partitioning, as well as density-driven and viscosity-driven separation between metal and oxides. We show the underlying chemical reactions, pH-neutralization processes and phase transformations during this surprisingly simple and fast reduction method. The approach establishes a sustainable toxic-waste treatment from aluminium production through using red mud as feedstock to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from steelmaking.
Mosaic integration and knowledge transfer of single-cell multimodal data with MIDAS
Authors: He Zhen , Hu Shuofeng , Chen Yaowen , An Sijing , Zhou Jiahao , Liu Runyan , Shi Junfeng , Wang Jing , Dong Guohua , Shi Jinhui , Zhao Jiaxin , Ou-Yang Le , Zhu Yuan , Bo Xiaochen , Ying Xiaomin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntegrating single-cell datasets produced by multiple omics technologies is essential for defining cellular heterogeneity. Mosaic integration, in which different datasets share only some of the measured modalities, poses major challenges, particularly regarding modality alignment and batch effect removal. Here, we present a deep probabilistic framework for the mosaic integration and knowledge transfer (MIDAS) of single-cell multimodal data. MIDAS simultaneously achieves dimensionality reduction, imputation and batch correction of mosaic data by using self-supervised modality alignment and information-theoretic latent disentanglement. We demonstrate its superiority to 19 other methods and reliability by evaluating its performance in trimodal and mosaic integration tasks. We also constructed a single-cell trimodal atlas of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and tailored transfer learning and reciprocal reference mapping schemes to enable flexible and accurate knowledge transfer from the atlas to new data. Applications in mosaic integration, pseudotime analysis and cross-tissue knowledge transfer on bone marrow mosaic datasets demonstrate the versatility and superiority of MIDAS. MIDAS is available at https://github.com/labomics/midas.
Single-nucleus multi-omic profiling of human placental syncytiotrophoblasts identifies cellular trajectories during pregnancy
Authors: Wang Meijiao , Liu Yawei , Sun Run , Liu Fenting , Li Jiaqian , Yan Long , Zhang Jixiang , Xie Xinwei , Li Dongxu , Wang Yiming , Li Shiwen , Zhu Xili , Li Rong , Lu Falong , Xiao Zhenyu , Wang Hongmei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe human placenta has a vital role in ensuring a successful pregnancy. Despite the growing body of knowledge about its cellular compositions and functions, there has been limited research on the heterogeneity of the billions of nuclei within the syncytiotrophoblast (STB), a multinucleated entity primarily responsible for placental function. Here we conducted integrated single-nucleus RNA sequencing and single-nucleus ATAC sequencing analyses of human placentas from early and late pregnancy. Our findings demonstrate the dynamic heterogeneity and developmental trajectories of STB nuclei and their correspondence with human trophoblast stem cell (hTSC)-derived STB. Furthermore, we identified transcription factors associated with diverse STB nuclear lineages through their gene regulatory networks and experimentally confirmed their function in hTSC and trophoblast organoid-derived STBs. Together, our data provide insights into the heterogeneity of human STB and represent a valuable resource for interpreting associated pregnancy complications.
Optimizing power consumption and position control in an electro-hydraulic system with cylinder bypass and NN-MPC
Authors: Khedr Omar Hesham , Awad Mohammed Ibrahim , Al-Oufy Affaf Khamis , Maged Shady A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study introduces an innovative approach to enhance the energy efficiency and position control performance of electro-hydraulic systems, employing a comprehensive comparative analysis. It presents and evaluates three control techniques: Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control, Model Predictive Control (MPC), and Neural Network Model Predictive Control (NN-MPC). These methods are systematically assessed across varying load conditions. Notably, our research unequivocally establishes the exceptional performance of the NN-MPC approach, even when confronted with load variations. Furthermore, the study conducts an exhaustive examination of energy consumption by comparing a conventional system, where a flow control valve is not utilized as a hydraulic cylinder bypass, with a proposed system that employs a fully open Flow Control Valve (FCV). The results underscore the remarkable energy savings achieved, reaching up to 9% at high load levels.
Reliability of a method to assess corticomotor excitability of lower limb muscles using a normalized EMG motor thresholding procedure
Authors: Shih Yo , Powers Christopher M. , Fisher Beth E. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGiven the importance of determining intervention-induced neuroplastic changes with lower extremity functional tasks, a reliable transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) methodology for proximal lower extremity muscles is needed. A pre-set fixed voltage value is typically used as the criterion for identifying a motor evoked potential (MEP) during the motor thresholding procedure. However, the fixed voltage value becomes problematic when the procedure is applied to proximal lower extremity muscles where active contractions are required. We sought to establish the reliability of a method measuring corticomotor excitability of gluteus maximus and vastus lateralis using normalized electromyography (EMG) as the criterion for identifying MEPs during the motor thresholding procedure. The active motor threshold for each muscle was determined using the lowest stimulator intensity required to elicit 5 MEPs that exceeded 20% maximal voluntary isometric contraction from 10 stimulations. TMS data were obtained from 10 participants on 2 separate days and compared using random-effect intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs). Slopes from two input–output curve fitting methods as well as the maximum MEP of gluteus maximus and vastus lateralis were found to exhibit good to excellent reliability (ICCs ranging from 0.75 to 0.99). The described TMS method using EMG-normalized criteria for motor thresholding produced reliable results utilizing a relatively low number of TMS pulses.
Non-invasive quantification of corneal vascularization using anterior segment optical coherence tomography angiography
Authors: Aschauer Julia , Klimek Michal , Donner Ruth , Lammer Jan , Roberts Philipp , Schranz Markus , Schmidinger Gerald 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe presence of corneal vascularization (CV) interferes with the angiogenic and immune privilege of the cornea, risking rejection in eyes following keratoplasty. Pre-operative (lymph)-angioregression is a promising therapeutic approach, but objective monitoring by non-invasive CV imaging is needed. The purpose of this study was to investigate anterior-segment optical coherence tomography angiography (AS-OCTA) for CV visualization and quantification, and to show its superiority over slit-lamp photography in high-risk eyes scheduled for keratoplasty. This institutional pilot study included 29 eyes of 26 patients (51 ± 16 years, 8 female) with significant CV scheduled for keratoplasty that were imaged by slit-lamp photography (Zeiss SL 800) and AS-OCTA (Zeiss Plex Elite 9000). After manual corneal layer segmentation correction, CV maximum/relative depth was measured with the inbuilt software. Slit-lamp photographs and AS-OCTA images were compared for visualization of vascular details. Angiotool software allowed a semi-automated determination of CV-related parameters in the vascular complex of AS-OCTA images. The predominant causes of CV were the herpes simplex virus keratitis (n = 7) and chemical burn (n = 4). Visualization of vascular morphology in AS-OCTA was superior to slit-lamp photography in all except one eye. Vascular metrics including total vessel length, number of junctions/endpoints, junction density, lacunarity, and vessel area/density were defined using Angiotool, with CV depth localization despite scarring and opacification. AS-OCTA proved effective for angioregressive treatment monitoring. AS-OCTA enables non-invasive and objective three-dimensional visualization of corneal vascularization superior to slit-lamp photography, and could be a precious tool for monitoring angioregressive preconditioning prior to keratoplasty.
Apprentissage coopératif et jugement clinique : perspective d’infirmiers et d’infirmières expertes en soins critiques
Authors: Dastous Audrey , Boyer Louise , Lavoie Patrick 
Published: January 2024

Contexte :Les activités d’apprentissage coopératif sont bénéfiques pour l’apprentissage des infirmiers et des infirmières novices et débutantes. Toutefois, les connaissances sur le processus d’apprentissage lors de ces activités ainsi que leur apport pour les infirmiers et les infirmières expertes demeurent limités.But :Cette étude avait pour but d’explorer, selon la perspective d’experts et d’expertes en soins critiques, la contribution d’activités d’apprentissage coopératif à leur compétence à poser un jugement clinique.Méthodes :Pour cette étude qualitative descriptive, des entrevues semi-dirigées ont été réalisées auprès de sept experts et expertes en soins critiques et ayant fait l’expérience récente d’activités d’apprentissage coopératif avec des infirmiers et des infirmières à différents stades de développement, de novice à expert. Les données ont fait l’objet d’une analyse thématique.Résultats :La discussion lors d’activités d’apprentissage coopératif permet aux experts et aux expertes de développer leur jugement clinique par des processus de comparaison et d’explication. Ces processus leur permettent de remettre en question leur raisonnement, de comprendre leurs automatismes, de faire l’état de leurs connaissances et de les approfondir. Les caractéristiques de ces activités, soit l’établissement d’un environnement sécuritaire et l’hétérogénéité du groupe d’apprenants, semblent être des conditions préalables et essentielles à la discussion.Conclusion :Ces résultats suggèrent que les infirmiers experts et les infirmières expertes bénéficient de la discussion au sein des activités d’apprentissage coopératif au même titre que les infirmiers et les infirmières moins expérimentés. La constitution de groupes de formation diversifiés représente une avenue porteuse pour maximiser les bénéfices des activités d’apprentissage coopératif, particulièrement en présence d’apprenants de différentes professions, milieux cliniques et stades de développement.
Validation of a Costing Algorithm and Cost Drivers for Neonates Admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Jabbour Elias , Patel Sharina , Lacroix Guy , Pechlivanoglou Petros , Shah Prakesh S. , Beltempo Marc ,   On behalf of the Canadian Preterm Birth Network Investigators Canadian Neonatal Network Investigators
Published: January 2024

Objective Neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) account for over 35% of pediatric in-hospital costs. A better understanding of NICU expenditures may help identify areas of improvements. This study aimed to validate the Canadian Neonatal Network (CNN) costing algorithm for seven case-mix groups with actual costs incurred in a tertiary NICU and explore drivers of cost.
Study Design A retrospective cohort study of infants admitted within 24 hours of birth to a Level-3 NICU from 2016 to 2019. Patient data and predicted costs were obtained from the CNN database and were compared to actual obtained from the hospital accounting system (Coût par Parcours de Soins et de Services). Cost estimates (adjusted to 2017 Canadian Dollars) were compared using Spearman correlation coefficient (rho).
Results Among 1,795 infants included, 169 (9%) had major congenital anomalies, 164 (9%) with <29 weeks' gestational age (GA), 189 (11%) with 29 to 32 weeks' GA, and 452 (25%) with 33 to 36 weeks' GA. The rest were term infants: 86 (5%) with hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy treated with therapeutic hypothermia, 194 (11%) requiring respiratory support, and 541 (30%) admitted for other reasons. Median total NICU costs varied from $6,267 (term infants admitted for other reasons) to $211,103 (infants born with <29 weeks' GA). Median daily costs ranged from $1,613 to $2,238. Predicted costs correlated with actual costs across all case-mix groups (rho range 0.78–0.98, p < 0.01) with physician and nursing representing the largest proportion of total costs (65–82%).
Conclusion The CNN algorithm accurately predicts NICU total costs for seven case-mix groups. Personnel costs account for three-fourths of in-hospital total costs of all infants in the NICU.
Key Points