bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Latent membrane protein‐1 of Epstein‐Barr virus inhibits cell growth and induces sensitivity to cisplatin in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells
Authors: Liu Yu , Wang Xianghong , Lo Angela K.F. , Wong Yong Chuan , Cheung Annie L.M. , Tsao Sai Wah 
Published: September 2002

AbstractNasopharyngeal carcinoma is closely associated with Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) and the EBV encoded latent membrane protein‐1 expression (LMP1) is commonly found in the tumour cells. LMP1 has been shown to be involved in modulation of cell growth in B cells but the biological properties of LMP1 expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells are less defined. In this study, a full length LMP1 gene was introduced into an EBV negative nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line, CNE2, and five LMP1‐expressing clones were isolated. Expression of LMP1 did not confer cell growth advantage in CNE2 cells; instead, it induced growth inhibition both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the LMP1 transfected cells were more susceptible to cisplatin‐induced cell death and showed 1.4–4.0‐fold increased sensitivity to cisplatin compared to the vector infected control clones. The effect of LMP1 on the balance of Bcl‐2 and Bax ratio may play a role in inducing susceptibility to cisplatin‐induced cell death. These results demonstrated that LMP1 did not confer growth advantage in CNE2 cells, suggesting that expression of LMP1 may not be crucial in sustaining cell growth in established cell lines. Alternatively, LMP1 alone may not be sufficient to facilitate nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell growth and additional oncogenic factors may be needed along with LMP1 in modulating the malignant property of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J. Med. Virol. 66:63–69, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence of “Norwalk‐like virus” infections in outbreaks of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis observed during the 1999–2000 season in Osaka city, Japan
Authors: Iritani Nobuhiro , Seto Yoshiyuki , Kubo Hideyuki , Haruki Kosuke , Ayata Minoru , Ogura Hisashi 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWe have investigated the incidence of Norwalk‐like viruses (NLVs) associated with outbreaks of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis in Osaka City, Japan, since April 1996 using reverse transcription (RT)‐PCR and electron microscopy methods. From the results of the first 3 years, between April 1996 and March 1999, we previously reported that multiple genetic types of NLVs were detected in 71.9% of outbreaks using RT‐PCR with Ando's primers except for one outbreak [Iritani et al., 2000]. However, during the 1999–2000 season, NLV outbreak strains, which could not be detected by RT‐PCR with Ando's primers, were increased. From probe typing and sequence analysis, 76.9% of these undetectable outbreak strains were classified into the P1‐B type and the others were untypeable. These untypeable strains were closely related with Alphatron type strains detected in the Netherlands. The P2‐B probe type of the NLV outbreak strains was predominant (88.2%) in the 1999–2000 season. The phylogram based on the 81 nucleotide sequences from these P2‐B outbreak strains formed 2 clusters closely related with Lordsdale virus. The dominant genetic type of the P2‐B outbreak strains, during the 1996–1997 season in Osaka City, belonged in one of these 2 clusters. These findings of the emergence of NLVs escaping the RT‐PCR method strongly indicated the importance of probe typing and sequence analysis to survey NLV infections. Our surveillance of NLV infection in the outbreaks, for these 4 years, showed that the predominant probe type and dominant genetic type of NLV outbreak strains changed each season. J. Med. Virol. 66:131–138, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diagnosis of Oropouche virus infection by RT‐nested‐PCR
Authors: Moreli Marcos Lázaro , Aquino Victor Hugo , Cruz Ana Cecília R. , Figueiredo Luiz Tadeu M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractUsing the RT‐PCR with primers that anneal to the 5′ and the 3′ extremities of the genome segments of bunyaviruses and internal primers that anneal to the S segment of Simbu serogroup viruses in a nested PCR it was possible to amplify the Oropouche virus (ORO) genome from the sera of three patients. These results show that this RT‐nested‐PCR is a useful tool for rapid diagnosis of Oropouche fever infections. J. Med. Virol. 66:139–142, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Variability of cloud microphysical and optical parameters obtained from aircraft and satellite remote sensing measurements during RACE
Authors: Gultepe I , Isaac G.A. , Strawbridge K.B. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractObservations of low stratiform clouds made during the Radiation, Aerosol and Cloud Experiment (RACE) over the Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia, on 15 August 1995, and central Ontario on 4 October 1995 were used in this study. Aircraft, LAND Resources SATellite System (LANDSAT) and the Center for Atmospheric Research Experiments (CARE) lidar observations are used to obtain effective radius (reff), droplet number concentration (Nd) and cloud optical thickness (τ). Radiation observations with 28.5 m resolution from the Thematic Mapper (TM) on LANDSAT were used. The 10.4–12.5 µm infrared channel with a field of view of 114 m was used for the blackbody temperature calculation. Comparisons are made between clouds over the Ontario region, representing clouds over the land and over the Bay of Fundy, representing clouds over the ocean. Results of the aircraft observations show that the leg averaged Nd, liquid water content (LWC) and reff over land were about 147±73 cm−3, 0.21±0.11 g m−3 and 7.7±1.7 µm, respectively. Corresponding parameters for the clouds over the ocean were approximately 61±34 cm−3, 0.12±0.07 g m−3 and 13.8±3 µm, respectively. The mean measured visible extinction coefficient (σext) was about 55±15 km−1 for all cases, and it was a strong function of both LWC and Nd. The horizontal variability in both aircraft and LANDSAT observations indicate the need to address inhomogeneity in the sub‐grid scales of models. Copyright © 2001 Royal Meteorological Society
Air temperature fluctuations in Guadalajara, Mexico, from 1926 to 1994 in relation to urban growth
Authors: Tereshchenko I.E. , Filonov A.E. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractDaily, monthly and annual mean air temperatures in Guadalajara, Mexico, were gathered from the time periods: 1926–1994, 1957–1994, 1978–1994. The heat island effect was detected in a trend analysis of the series of minimum temperatures over the period 1926–1994. Also, it was found that the annual mean temperature increased 0.05°C per year. A sharp increase has occurred over the last 20 years because of the abrupt expansion and industrialization of the city of Guadalajara. This study revealed the presence of a cool island in the centre of the metropolitan zone of Guadalajara (MZG) during the wet season. A cross‐spectral analysis was used to study the thermal variations with different frequencies. Temperature oscillations in the MZG occurred in time intervals ranging from 3–5 days up to 22 years. The study suggests a relationship between urban growth and temperature variations. The temperature rise relates to urban growth with a correlation co‐efficient equal to 0.857. Copyright © 2001 Royal Meteorological Society
Rapid methods to estimate sky‐view factors applied to urban areas
Authors: Grimmond C.S.B. , Potter S.K. , Zutter H.N. , Souch C. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA common parameter used to characterize the geometry of urban canyons is the sky‐view factor (ψs). Here, two simple alternatives are presented that can be used both objectively and rapidly to estimate ψs. The first method uses a Nikon CoolPix 950 digital camera fitted with a Nikon FC‐E8 fisheye lens. The second method involves a LI‐COR LAI‐2000 Plant Canopy Analyzer to measure automatically diffuse non‐interceptance (DIFN) light using a fisheye optical sensor. Through a series of intercomparisons for urban canyons of known geometry, the digital camera is shown to provide accurate estimates of ψs. The LAI‐2000 also performs well, although it tends to over‐estimate ψs (for the conditions considered here, the mean absolute error is 0.04), and has a more restricted set of sky conditions under which it performs well (ideally, uniform overcast skies). For both methods, data collection and post‐processing is rapid, and storage of data is straightforward. Thus, mobile data collection is possible which allows detailed information on the spatial variability of ψs in urban areas to be determined. An example of such an application for a small US city, Bloomington, IN, is presented. Copyright © 2001 Royal Meteorological Society
Middle Pleistocene interglacial deposits at Barling, Essex, England: evidence for a longer chronology for the Thames terrace sequence
Authors: Bridgland D. R. , Preece R. C. , Roe H. M. , Tipping R. M. , Coope G. R. , Field M. H. , Robinson J. E. , Schreve D. C. , Crowe K. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractResults are presented from a multidisciplinary study of fossiliferous interglacial deposits on the northern side of the Thames estuary. These fill a channel cut into London Clay bedrock and overlain by the Barling Gravel, a Thames–Medway deposit equivalent to the Lynch Hill and Corbets Tey Gravels of the Middle and Lower Thames, respectively. The channel sediments yielded diverse molluscan and ostracod assemblages, both implying fully interglacial conditions and a slight brackish influence. Pollen analysis has shown that the deposits accumulated during the early part of an interglacial. Plant macrofossils, particularly the abundance of Trapa natans, reinforce the interglacial character of the palaeontological evidence. A beetle fauna, which includes four taxa unknown in Britain at present, has allowed quantification of palaeotemperature using the mutual climatic range method (Tmax 17 to 26 °C; Tmin −11 to 13 °C). A few vertebrate remains have been recovered from the interglacial deposits, but a much larger fauna, as well as Palaeolithic artefacts, is known from the overlying Barling Gravel.The age of the interglacial deposits is inferential. The geological context suggests a late Middle Pleistocene interglacial, part of the post‐diversion Thames system and therefore clearly post‐Anglian. This conclusion is supported by amino acid ratios from the shells of freshwater molluscs. The correlation of the overlying Barling Gravel with the Lynch Hill/Corbets Tey aggradation of the Thames valley constrains the age of the Barling interglacial to marine oxygen isotope stages 11 or 9. The presence of Corbicula fluminalis and Pisidium clessini confirms a pre‐Ipswichian (marine oxygen isotope substage 5e) age and their occurrence in the early part of the interglacial cycle at Barling precludes correlation with marine oxygen isotope stage 11, as these taxa occur only later in that interglacial at sites such as Swanscombe and Clacton. Thus by process of elimination a marine oxygen isotope stage 9 age would appear probable. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New Holocene tephras and a proxy climate record from a blanket mire in northern Skye, Scotland
Authors: Langdon P. G. , Barber K. E. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractFour Holocene tephras of Icelandic origin have been identified and geochemically characterised from a water shedding blanket peat sequence on the Trotternish ridge, Isle of Skye, Scotland. Geochemical characterisation of the shards propose the Glen Garry tephra to be present, a tephra layer of Hekla origin incorporating shards from Hekla‐4, as well as two new tephras dated by interpolation from a radiocarbon based chronology to ca. 830 cal. yr BP and ca. 2340 cal. yr BP. The new historic tephra has an ambiguous geochemistry and therefore has not been correlated with other known Icelandic historic tephras. The new prehistoric tephra is suggested as originating from the Snæfellsjökull volcano in northwest Iceland and forms an important stratigraphical marker in this Holocene sequence. A proxy climate record has been derived from humification analyses of the peat, which compares well with other regional palaeoclimatic reconstructions, as well as enabling correlations based on tephra geochemical linkages between sites and climatic records at precise times in the past. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Huge Ice‐age lakes in Russia
Authors: Mangerud Jan , Astakhov Valery , Jakobsson Martin , Svendsen John Inge 
Published: September 2002

AbstractDuring an early phase of the Last Ice Age (Weichselian, Valdaian), about 90 000 yr ago, an ice sheet formed over the shallow Barents and Kara seas. The ice front advanced on to mainland Russia and blocked the north‐flowing rivers (Yenissei, Ob, Pechora, Dvina and others) that supply most of the freshwater to the Arctic Ocean. The result was that large ice‐dammed lakes were formed between the ice sheet in the north and the continental water divides to the south. Here we present reconstructions and calculations of the areas and volumes of these lakes. The lake on the West Siberian Plain was nearly twice as large as the largest lake on Earth today. The well‐mapped Lake Komi in northeast Europe and a postulated lake in the White Sea Basin would also rank before the present‐day third largest lake. The lakes overflowed towards the south and thus the drainage of much of the Eurasian continent was reversed. The result was a major change in the water balance on the continent, decreased freshwater supply to the Arctic Ocean, and increased freshwater flow to the Aral, Caspian, Black and Baltic seas. A sudden outburst of the lakes' water to the Arctic Ocean when the ice sheet thinned is postulated. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vibrational spectroscopic analysis of 3‐hydroxy‐1,5‐diazacyclooctane and its copper(II) complex
Authors: He Lian , Hu Ji‐Ming , Luo Ming‐Dao , Xue Guo‐Ping , Ye Yong , Niu Fei , Gu Ying‐Hong , Liu Sheng‐Hua , Fu En‐Qin , Luo Bao‐Sheng , Chen Liao‐Rong , Wu Cheng‐Tai 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe changes in the vibrational spectra between 3‐hydroxy‐1,5‐diazacyclooctane and its copper(II) complex were studied by Fourier transform Raman and infrared spectroscopy for the first time. The vibrational bands near 472 and 204 cm−1 were assigned to the Cu–N and Cu–O stretching vibrations in the copper(II) complex, respectively. CNDO/2M and AM1 methods were used to calculate Mulliken orders and bond distances on the basis of the copper(II) complex's crystal structure. The mechanism of the changes in the vibrational spectra is discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kinetics and mechanism of the reaction of Cl atoms with HO2 radicals
Authors: Riffault Véronique , Bedjanian Yuri , Le Bras Georges 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe kinetic and mechanism of the reaction Cl + HO2 → products (1) have been studied in the temperature range 230–360 K and at total pressure of 1 Torr of helium using the discharge‐flow mass spectrometric method. The following Arrhenius expression for the total rate constant was obtained either from the kinetics of HO2 consumption in excess of Cl atoms or from the kinetics of Cl in excess of HO2: k1 = (3.8 ± 1.2) × 10−11 exp[(40 ± 90)/T] cm3 molecule−1 s−1, where uncertainties are 95% confidence limits. The temperature‐independent value of k1 = (4.4 ± 0.6) × 10−11 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 at T = 230–360 K, which can be recommended from this study, agrees well with most recent studies and current recommendations. Both OH and ClO were detected as the products of reaction (1) and the rate constant for the channel forming these species, Cl + HO2 → OH + ClO (1b), has been determined: k1b = (8.6 ± 3.2) × 10−11 exp[−(660 ± 100)/T] cm3 molecule−1 s−1 (with k1b = (9.4 ± 1.9) × 10−12 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 at T = 298 K), where uncertainties represent 95% confidence limits. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 33: 317–327, 2001
The decision to finance account receivables: the factoring option
Authors: Soufani Khaled 
Published: September 2002

AbstractFactoring is a financial service enabling enterprises to sell their accounts receivable to a factoring company in exchange for cash. The market for factoring in the UK has been growing at substantial rates and most banking institutions are now actively involved in providing this service. Little research on the factoring market currently exists and so this paper'seeks to profile the determinants influencing decision making in the UK factoring industry. Using data from an interview‐based survey, this paper establishes that the decision to purchase an enterprise's accounts receivable is influenced by the enterprise's size, type of product or service it offers, industry, sector, age, type of customers, financial statement, the management team, operational suitability, collectability and credit notes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alternative model for teaching microsurgery
Authors: Fanua Sione P. , Kim Jaesuk , Shaw Wilgis E.F. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAnimals have been widely used as a training model for teaching microsurgery. However, unlimited access to the animal laboratory is not always possible, and increased scrutiny of the ethical use of laboratory animals is a major factor to consider when teaching microsurgery. In such situations, an alternative method is required for microsurgical training techniques, such as medical grading tubes, and surgical gloves. These alternative teaching tools provide an ideal training model and present an alternative for teaching microsurgical techniques. They are readily available and abundant in the laboratory. In addition, these alternative tools can be used to provide initial training before entering the clinical setting. A practice card designed from surgical gloves and medical grading tube was used to practice simple sutures. The training progressed to a more difficult level, using medical‐grade tubing for end‐to‐end anastomosis, end‐to‐side anastomosis, side‐to‐side anastomosis, and free graft placement. This alternative proved challenging for the trainees, but improved hand coordination was observed. The alternative models familiarized trainees with the instruments and with developing a surgical approach before moving on to more clinical settings. The use of surgical gloves and medical grading tubes resulted in a significant reduction in the numbers of laboratory animals used for teaching microsurgery, as well as reduced cost. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 21:379‐382; 2001
Theoretical tools to solve the axisymmetric Maxwell equations
Authors: Assous F. , Ciarlet P. , Labrunie S. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn this paper, the mathematical tools, which are required to solve the axisymmetric Maxwell equations, are presented. An in‐depth study of the problems posed in the meridian half‐plane, numerical algorithms, as well as numerical experiments, based on the implementation of the theory described hereafter, shall be presented in forthcoming papers. In the present paper, the attention is focused on the (orthogonal) splitting of the electromagnetic field in a regular part and a singular part, the former being in the Sobolev space H1 component‐wise. It is proven that the singular fields are related to singularities of Laplace‐like operators, and, as a consequence, that the space of singular fields is finite dimensional. This paper can be viewed as the continuation of References (J. Comput. Phys. 2000; 161: 218–249, Modél. Math. Anal. Numér, 1998; 32: 359–389) Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conformal antenna array modeling using a locally nonorthogonal FDTD
Authors: Nilavalan R. , Craddock I. J. , Paul D. L. , Railton C. J. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis contribution presents a locally nonorthogonal FDTD analysis of a class of conformal antenna arrays. A complex test structure is considered, containing two patches, dielectrics, absorbing boundaries, and a heavily distorted mesh region. This structure is deliberately designed to determine whether inaccuracy is introduced by the use of distorted meshes. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 30: 238–240, 2001.
Application of solid‐phase extraction coupled to an NMR flow‐probe in the analysis of HPLC fractions
Authors: Nyberg Nils T. , Baumann Herbert , Kenne Lennart 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe design and use of a system consisting of a disposable solid‐phase extraction cartridge coupled to an NMR flow‐probe (SPE–NMR) is demonstrated. Fractions obtained from high‐performance liquid chromatography of an extract of Habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense) were analysed. The fractions were loaded on SPE cartridges and the compounds were eluted with deuterated methanol directly into the NMR flow‐probe. Good‐quality NMR spectra were acquired and the structure of the compounds could be determined. The main advantages with SPE–NMR are the simple handling of small amounts of samples, the removal of polar additives and solvents from the preceding separation step allowing optimal conditions for both the chromatography and the NMR spectroscopy and the possibility of automating the procedure. Hence the method can facilitate the structural characterization of small amounts of natural products in complex mixtures. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression of genes involved in mammalian meiosis during the transition from egg to embryo
Authors: Hwang Sue‐Yun , Oh Bermseok , Knowles Barbara B. , Solter Davor , Lee Jin‐Sung 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe ooplasm of higher eukaryotes provides substances necessary for completing the last stages of meiosis and initiating the first mitotic division. These processes are firmly attuned to other events in the egg and newly formed embryo, such as switching from the use of maternal transcripts to the onset of zygotic transcription. In mammals little is known about the molecular mechanisms guiding this transition, largely due to the lack of information about genes expressed in the egg and early embryos. Studies of yeast mitosis have contributed much of what is known about the vertebrate cell cycle, and recent reports indicate that homologs of yeast DNA repair genes also function during mammalian gametogenesis. To examine whether this conservation can be expanded to include genes operative in oocyte meiosis, we performed a computer‐based search for homologs of yeast genes that are induced during sporulation in C. elegans, Drosophila, and mammals. Results from this study suggest that yeast and higher eukaryotes share genes that coordinate the overall process of meiosis. However intriguing differences exist, reflecting the distinctive mechanisms governing the progression of meiosis in each organism. ESTs representing more than half of the mammalian homologs are present in mouse cDNA libraries that contains genes controlling the meiosis/mitosis transition. About 50% of these genes contain potential cis‐elements for cytoplasmic polyadenylation in their 3′‐UTR, suggesting the importance of controlled translation in the egg and zygote. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 59:144–158, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.