bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrostatically controlled spin polarization in Graphene-CrSBr magnetic proximity heterostructures
Authors: Yang Boxuan , Bhujel Bibek , Chica Daniel , Telford Evan , Roy Xavier , Cosset-Chéneau Maxen , Wees Bart van 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

The magnetic proximity effect can induce a spin dependent exchange shift in the band structure of graphene. This produces a magnetization and a spin polarization of the electron/hole carriers in this material, paving the way for its use as an active component in spintronics devices. The electrostatic control of this spin polarization in graphene has however never been demonstrated so far. We show that interfacing graphene with the van der Waals antiferromagnet CrSBr results in an unconventional manifestation of the quantum Hall effect, which can be attributed to the presence of counterflowing spin-polarized edge channels originating from the spin-dependent exchange shift in graphene. We extract an exchange shift ranging from 27 to 32 meV, and show that it also produces an electrostatically tunable spin polarization of the electron/hole carriers in graphene ranging from -50% to +69% in the absence of a magnetic field. This proof of principle provides a starting point for the use of graphene as an electrostatically tunable source of spin current and could allow this system to generate a large magnetoresistance in gate tunable spin valve devices.
How bumblebees manage conflicting information seen on arrival and departure from flowers
Authors: Guiraud Marie-Genevieve , Maboudi Hadi , Woodgate Joseph L. , Bates Olivia , Rodriguez Oscar Ramos , Gallo Vince , Barron Andrew B. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Bees are flexible and adaptive learners, capable of learning stimuli seen on arrival and at departure from flowers where they have fed. This gives bees the potential to learn all information associated with a feeding event, but it also presents the challenge of managing information that is irrelevant, inconsistent, or conflicting. Here, we examined how presenting bumblebees with conflicting information before and after feeding influenced their learning rate and what they learned. Bees were trained to feeder stations mounted in front of a computer monitor. Visual stimuli were displayed behind each feeder station on the monitor. Positively reinforced stimuli (CS+) marked feeders offering sucrose solution. Negatively reinforced stimuli (CS-) marked feeders offering quinine solution. While alighted at the feeder station the stimuli were not visible to the bee. The “constant stimulus” training group saw the same stimulus throughout. For the “switched stimulus” training group, the CS+ changed to the CS- during feeding. Learning was slower in the “switched stimulus” training group compared to the constant stimulus” group, but the training groups did not differ in their learning performance or the extent to which they generalised their learning. The information conflict in the “switched stimulus” group did not interfere with what had been learned. Differences between the “switched” and “constant stimulus” groups were greater for bees trained on a horizontal CS+ than a vertical CS+ suggesting bees differ in their processing of vertically and horizontally oriented stimuli. We discuss how bumblebees might resolve this type of information conflict so effectively, drawing on the known neurobiology of their visual learning system.
Mechanical Properties and Constitutive Model of Artificially Frozen Sandy Soils Under Different Intermediate Principal Stresses
Authors: Huang Kun , Ma Qinyong , Cai Guojun , Ma Dongdong , Li Zhaolin , Zhang Hongpeng , Huang Kai 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Triaxial compression tests were conducted on frozen sandy soils under a constant minimum principal stress (σ3 = 1.6 MPa) and various intermediate principal stresses (σ2 = 1.6, 3.4, 5.2, 7.0, 8.8, 9.8 MPa). The purpose of the research was to investigate the influence of intermediate principal stress (σ2) on the characteristic stress levels and the deformation characteristics. The test results obtained demonstrated that the crack damage stress and failure stress initially increase and then decrease with an increase in the σ2. However, the crack initiation stress exhibits an initial increase up to a specific value, after which it stabilizes. The difference in deformation between the σ2 and σ3 directions increased with increasing σ2. From the perspective of crack propagation, the influence mechanism of σ2 on the strength is discussed. The deformation difference was revealed using the stress superposition principle and Poisson’s effect. Finally, the constitutive model based on the Weibull distribution and Drucker-Prager strength criterion can accurately represent the stress-strain relationships of frozen sandy soils under various σ2 conditions.
Study on the interaction of vertically structured double cavitation bubbles induced by pulsed laser
Authors: Ding Qingmiao , Shan Yunlong , Cui Yanyu , Li Xiaoman , Lv Junda 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Currently, the majority of research on double cavitation bubbles focuses on horizontally arranged structures, while investigations into the pulsation of vertically aligned double bubbles remain limited. This paper aims to conduct high-speed photography research on the interaction of vertically structured double cavitation bubbles induced by pulsed laser. The pulsed laser induced cavitation method is used to induce the formation of vertically arranged double cavitation bubbles, and high-speed photography techniques are employed to investigate their pulsation characteristics.The double cavitation bubbles studied are divided into three forms according to the initial size ratio S*. The results indicate that,for vertically arranged double cavitation bubbles, similar-sized bubbles (1 ≤ S* < 1.15) exhibit mutual attraction and fusion, with a tendency for fusion preceding separation. Bubbles of different sizes (1.15 ≤ S* < 3) repel during the expansion process and attract during the shrinkage process.The pulsation of small bubbles with extremely different sizes (S* ≥ 3) is strongly influenced by repulsion, while the pulsation of large bubbles is essentially unaffected.
The role of amino acid metabolism in salt tolerance mechanism of Medicago sativa and Medicago truncatula
Authors: Shen Sicong , Pan Ling , Li Junhao , Wang Jing , Liu Huhu , Yin Juncheng , Lu Yiwen , Wang Xiaoshan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Backgroud: Soil salinization is a major issue of global concern today. Under salt stress, the growth and development of plants are slowed down and the yield is reduced, so it is particularly important to understand the salt resistance mechanism of plants. Meanwhile, amino acid metabolism has been shown by many studies to effectively alleviate most abiotic stresses including salt stress.
Results: In this study, transcriptomics and proteomics were used to study the salt resistance mechanism of Medicago sativa and Medicago truncatula and the role of amino acid metabolism under salt stress. The results showed that the growth and development of the two alfalfa species were significantly inhibited under 50 mM NaCl stress, after KEGG enrichment analysis, it was found that most DEGs / DEPs were involved in amino acid metabolism. GSEA analysis showed that the two amino acid metanolism of Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation and Tyrosine metabolism played important roles in the process of salt resistance. At the same time, leucine (Leu), isoleucine (Ile) and tyrosine (Tyr) were quantitatively determined. The results showed that under salt stress, the contents of the three amino acid increased significantly, and it was found that leucine had an important effect on the salt resistance of Medicago sativa while tyrosine effected more on the salt resistance of Medicago truncatula.
Conclusion: This experiment revealed that the role of amino acid metabolism in Medicago sativa and Medicago truncatula under salt stress, meanwhile some amino acids can significantly improve the damage of plants to salt stress, which provides some help and theoretical basis for the growth and development of alfalfa spp. plants in saline-alkali land and the increase of yield in the future.
Knowledge and Beliefs about COVID-19 among migrant women: A qualitative study.
Authors: García-Pazo Patricia , Guillén-Solà Mireia , Mascaró Ana , Azizi Soufane Oulkadi-El , García-Avelló Macarena , Bauzà-Amengual Maria de Lluc 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
COVID-19 has had a significant impact on the Spanish population, as well as on Social Determinants of Health among which sex, sex/being a woman and being a migrant stand out. The goal of this study was to describe the beliefs and knowledge that migrant women from a racialised neighbourhood had about COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic. To do this, a qualitative study was carried out in a particular neighbourhood in Mallorca. The analysis used a hybrid-focus with a coding tree that was open to other emerging categories, segmented as per the variables of having contracted COVID-19 or not having contracted the virus. 20 adult migrant women were interviewed and 7 categories emerged from their discourses: (1) regarding knowledge of the virus; (2) sources of information; (3) incorrect beliefs about the virus and use of home remedies; (4) economic difficulties when complying with prevention measures; (5) general and specific knowledge about diagnostic testing; (6) regarding difficulties on isolating themselves; and (7) vaccination acceptance. We found differences in favour of women with an academic background. These women were more empowered, being more critical of the information they were given and able to look for resources in the community, Making sex inequalities more visible—both existing and emerging— will help to generate effective public policies that promote equality in healthcare and social spheres
YKL-40 level and telomere length as potential biomarkers of insomnia disorder—A Case-Control Study
Authors: Li Jing , Liu PeiPei , Wang Yan , Ren ChongYang , Zhang Mei 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective To explore the correlation between YKL-40 level, telomere length and different insomnia subtypes of insomnia disorder.Methods One hundred and forty-five patients with insomnia disorder were enrolled and divided into 4 group according to the insomniac subtypes: difficulty initiating sleep (DIS), early morning awakening (EMA), difficulty maintaining sleep (DMS) and mixed symptoms(MS).At the same time, eighty healthy controls were collected. Peripheral leukocyte genomic DNA was extracted, the relative telomere length was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction method, and the level of YKL-40 was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlation between different insomnia subtypes and YKL-40 as well as telomere length.Results Individuals within the lowest tertile of telomere showed a higher risk for difficulty initiating sleep [odds ratio 2.13, 95%CI 1.22–3.63; P = 0.004], meanwhile had a higher presence of mixed symptoms(odds ratio 1.49, 95% CI 1.30–2.81; P = 0.006).Individuals within the highest tertile of YKL-40 showed a higher risk for early morning awakening [odds ratio2.98, 95% CI 1.54–5.33; P = 0.003], meanwhile had a higher presence of mixed symptoms(odds ratio 1.47, 95% CI 1.22–2.79; P = 0.007).Conclusion The telomere length in patients with difficulty initiating sleep and mixed symptoms was significantly shortened;The level of YKL-40 in patients with early morning awakening and mixed symptoms was significantly increased.Our data provided the first evidence that YKL-40 and leukocyte telomere is independently associated with mixed symptoms.
Single-cell and bulk RNA-sequencing analysis reveals heterogeneity of PDPN in predicting prognosis and immunotherapy response of glioma
Authors: Lei Jun , Liu Song , Zuo Mingrong , Yuan Yunbo , Chen Siliang , Li Wenhao , He Yuze , Liu Yanhui 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Podoplanin (PDPN) is involved in various biological processes of tumors. We sought to investigate the heterogeneity of PDPN expression and the effect of PDPN on the immunological characteristics of gliomas. The signal-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data was obtained from the GSE131928 dataset to investigate the heterogeneity of PDPN expression in GBMs. Bulk RNA-seq data of gliomas were obtained from the TCGA, CGGA325, CGGA693, and West China Hospital respectively. CIBERSORTx was used to identify infiltration of immune cells and TIDE was conducted to analyze the immunological function and immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) response. PDPN expression was positively associated with the malignancy and served as a predictor for worse overall survival of gliomas. Independent of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) status, PDPN expression was associated with the increased infiltration of immunosuppressive immune cells. scRNA-seq data identified 7 core cell types in glioblastomas (GBMs) and revealed that MES-like GBM cells expressed the highest level of PDPN. AC-like and OPC-like GBM cells had a relatively higher expression of PDPN. Compared to relatively higher PDPN expression in monocytes and macrophages, normal oligodendrocytes and exhausted CD8 + T cells had the lowest level of PDPN. GBM cell clusters with different PDPN levels exhibited distinct functional pathways, such as tumor glycolysis, proliferation, and immune pathways. PDPN-upregulated gliomas were significantly associated with increased T lymphocyte dysfunction and exclusion and were more sensitive to ICI compared to PDPN-downregulated gliomas. Our results indicated that PDPN was heterogeneously expressed in GBMs and may facilitate guiding immunotherapy.
Anti-PD-1 antibody therapy combined with thymosin alpha-1 improves the postoperative prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Zhu Rong-Hua , Xie Zhen-Hui , Yuan Tong , Zhang Peng-Bo , Lv Xing , Wang Jin-Lin , Huang Zhe , Liu Jun-Jie , Zhang Er-Lei , Huang Zhi-Yong 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background Anti-PD-1 immunotherapy has revolutionized unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment. The efficacy of postoperative adjuvant therapy (PAT) using anti-PD-1 in treating HCC is currently the subject of extensive research. This study explored the efficacy and safety of anti-PD-1 antibodies combined with thymosin alpha-1 (Tα1) for patients with HCC and high-risk recurrent factors (HRRFs) post-hepatectomy. Methods Data from 273 patients with HCC and HRRFs who underwent hepatectomy at Tongji Hospital (January 2019 to July 2022) were prospectively collected. Patients were nonrandomly divided into Tα1 + anti-PD-1 antibodies (65, 23.8%), anti-PD-1 antibodies (84, 30.8%), and control (no adjuvant therapy, 124, 45.4%) groups based on finances and willingness. After propensity score matching (PSM), recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared. Cox regression analysis identified the RFS- and OS-related prognostic factors, followed by subgroup analysis. Results After PSM, 65 patients were matched. The anti-PD-1 antibodies + Tα1 group exhibited longer RFS than the anti-PD-1 antibodies (P = 0.014) and control (P < 0.0001) groups. The anti-PD-1 antibodies group had longer RFS than the control group (P < 0.0001). The anti-PD-1 antibodies + Tα1 (P = 0.00049) and anti-PD-1 antibodies groups (P = 0.0041) demonstrated longer OS than the control group. The 1- and 2-year RFS rates in the Tα1 + anti-PD-1 antibodies, anti-PD-1 antibodies, and control groups were 98.4%, 86.2%, and 49.2% (P < 0.001), and 80.2%, 65.8%, and 24.6% (P < 0.001), respectively. The corresponding 1-, 2-, and 3-year OS rates were 100.0%, 100.0%, and 84.6% (P < 0.001), 98.0%, 91.4%, and 69.0% (P < 0.001), and 91.3%, 86.8%, and 57.4% (P < 0.001), respectively. Multivariable analyses suggested that the Tα1 + anti-PD-1 antibodies treatment improved the RFS and OS more than the non-anti-PD-1 antibodies + Tα1 treatment (hazard ratio (HR): 0.174, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.089–0.340, P < 0.001 and HR: 0.240, 95% CI: 0.084–0.683, P = 0.008, respectively). Subgroup analysis demonstrated significant RFS and OS benefits for patients with HCC and vascular invasion treated with Tα1 + anti-PD-1 antibodies. Grade 1 and 2 toxicities included rash/pruritus (21.5%), diarrhea (18.5%), and reactive cutaneous capillary endothelial proliferation (RCCEP)(15.4%). Grade 3 toxicities included RCCEP (1.5%), diarrhea (1.5%), rash/pruritus (0.8%), edema (0.8%), hepatitis (0.8%), nausea/vomiting (0.8%), and hypothyroidism (0.8%). No grade 4/5 toxicities or severe adverse events were detected. Conclusions Combining anti-PD-1 antibodies with Tα1 as adjuvant therapy is safe, improving postoperative prognosis in patients with HCC and HRRFs after hepatectomy, proving more effective than anti-PD-1 antibodies alone.
Early Outcomes of MR-guided SBRT for Patients with Recurrent Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Poiset Spencer J. , Shah Sophia , Cappelli Louis , Anné Pramila , Mooney Karen , Werner-Wasik Maria , Laufer Talya S. , Posey James A. , Lin Daniel , Mallick Atrayee Basu , Lavu Harish , Bashir Babar , Yeo Charles J. , Mueller Adam C. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background Local treatment options for locally recurrent pancreatic adenocarcinoma (LR-PAC) are limited, with median survival time (MST) of 9–13 months (mos) following recurrence. MRI-guided stereotactic body radiation therapy (MRgSBRT) provides the ability to dose escalate while sparing normal tissue. Here we report on the early outcomes of MRgSBRT for LR-PAC.Methods Patients with prior resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma with local recurrence treated with MRgSBRT at a single tertiary referral center from 5-2021 to 2-2023 were identified from our prospective database. MRgSBRT was delivered to 40–50 Gy in 4–5 fractions with target and OAR delineation per institutional standards. Endpoints included local control per RECIST v1.1, distant failure, overall survival (OS), and acute and chronic toxicities per Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, v5.Results Fifteen patients with LR-PAC were identified with median follow-up of 10.6 mos (2.8–26.5 mos) from MRgSBRT. There were 8 females and 7 males, with a median age of 69 years (50–83). One patient underwent neoadjuvant radiation for 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions followed by resection, and one underwent adjuvant radiation for 45 Gy in 25 fractions prior to recurrence. MRgSBRT was delivered a median of 18.8 mos (3.5–52.8 mos) following resection. OS following recurrence at 6 and 12 mos were 87% and 51%, respectively, with a median survival time of 14.1 mos (3.2–27.4 mos). Three patients experienced local failure at 5.9, 7.8, and 16.6 months from MgSBRT with local control of 92.3% and 83.9% at 6 and 12 months. 10 patients experienced distant failure at a median of 2.9 mos (0.3–6.7 mos). Grade 1–2 acute GI toxicity was noted in 47% of patients, and chronic GI toxicity in 31% of patients. No Grade > 3 toxicities were noted.Conclusions This is the first report on toxicity and outcomes of MRgSBRT for LR-PAC in the literature. MRgSBRT is a safe, feasible treatment modality with the potential for improved local control in this vulnerable population. Future research is necessary to better identify which patients yield the most benefit from MRgSBRT, which should continue to be used with systemic therapy as tolerated.Trial Registration: Jefferson IRB#20976, approved 2/17/21
Fluorescent carbon dots from cumin seeds: preparation, characterization and in vitro biocompatibility test for cell imaging application
Authors: Abadi Banafshe , Askarian Fatemeh , Mohammadi Neda , Behnam Behzad 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Carbon dots (CDs) are a new type of nanomaterial with great potential in bioimaging, biosensing, and drug delivery. In this study, novel CDs were prepared from cumin seeds (Cuminum cyminum L) by pyrolysis. The pyrolysis method and several extraction steps were optimized to fabricate CDs from cumin seeds. The size, structure, chemical composition, and photoluminescence properties of the CDs were characterized using a size analyzer, TEM, SEM, EDX, UV-Vis, fluorescence spectroscopy, and FTIR. The influences of the CDs on cell viability were investigated in A549, 3T3, and MCF-7 cell lines via MTT assay. The cancer cell imaging potential of the CDs was assessed using fluorescence microscopy. The results showed that the CDs with a mean diameter of 13.42 nm could be obtained through the pyrolysis of cumin seeds. The obtained CDs exhibited strong and unique fluorescence properties once they were excited at different wavelengths, particularly at 350 nm. The CDs were highly stable over time, and their fluorescence properties remained unchanged after three months. Apart from the physicochemical properties of the CD, cell viability assays showed that these CDs were non-toxic to A549, MCF-7, and 3T3 cells, over 90% of the cells were viable after 24 h, even at the highest concentration (1000 µg/ml). The CDs successfully penetrated the MCF-7 cells as revealed by fluorescent images. Taken together, the fluorescent CDs derived from cumin seeds indicated excellent and stable fluorescence properties. In addition, these CDs were highly biocompatible and could be a potential option for theragnostic applications.
Adaptive Diffraction Image Registration for 4D-STEM to optimize ACOM Pattern Matching
Authors: Folastre Nicolas , Cao Junhao , Oney Gozde , Park Sunkyu , Jamali Arash , Masquelier Christian , Croguennec Laurence , Veron Muriel , Rauch Edgar F. , Demortière Arnaud 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The technique known as 4D-STEM has recently emerged as a powerful tool for the local characterization of crystalline structures in materials, such as cathode materials for Li-ion batteries or perovskite materials for photovoltaics. However, the use of new detectors optimized for electron diffraction patterns and other advanced techniques requires constant adaptation of methodologies to address the challenges associated with crystalline materials. In this study, we present a novel image-processing method to improve pattern matching in the determination of crystalline orientations and phases. Our approach uses sub-pixel adaptative image processing to register and reconstruct electron diffraction signals in large 4D-STEM datasets. By using adaptive prominence and linear filters such as mean and Gaussian blur, we can improve the quality of the diffraction pattern registration. The resulting data compression rate of 10 3 is well-suited for the era of big data and provides a significant enhancement in the performance of the entire ACOM data processing method. Our approach is evaluated using dedicated metrics, which demonstrate a high improvement in phase recognition. Several features are extracted from the registered data to map properties such as the spot count, and various virtual dark fields, which are used to enhance the handling of the results maps. Our results demonstrate that this data preparation method not only enhances the quality of the resulting image but also boosts the confidence level in the analysis of the outcomes related to determining crystal orientation and phase. Additionally, it mitigates the impact of user bias that may occur during the application of the method through the manipulation of parameters.