bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and photochemical property of polymers with pendant donor–acceptor‐type norbornadiene moieties
Authors: Kawashima Naoyuki , Kameyama Atsushi , Nishikubo Tadatomi , Nagai Takabumi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe donor–acceptor‐type norbornadiene (D–A NBD) 1,4,5,6‐tetramethyl‐3‐phenyl‐2,5‐NBD‐2‐carboxylic acid was prepared by the Diels–Alder reaction of methyl 3‐phenylprop‐2‐ynoate with 1,2,3,4‐tetramethyl‐1,3‐cyclopentadiene. 1,4,5,6,7‐Pentamethyl‐3‐phenyl‐2,5‐NBD‐2‐carboxylic acid was also synthesized in the same way. Styrene‐type polymers with pendant D–A NBD moieties were prepared with a 100% degree of substitution (DS) by the reaction of D–A NBD carboxylic acids with poly[(p‐chloromethyl)styrene] with 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undecene‐7 in dimethyl sulfoxide at 70 °C for 6 h. In the reaction of D–A NBD carboxylic acids with poly(2‐chloroethyl vinyl ether), the DSs were about 60%. The photochemical valence isomerizations of all the NBD polymers proceeded smoothly with UV irradiation in tetrahydrofuran solutions and in the film state. In addition, the rate of the photochemical reaction of the NBD polymers increased efficiently by the addition of 4,4′‐bis(diethylamino)benzophenone as a photosensitizer in a film state. The stored thermal energy of the irradiated polymers was also evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry to be 55–74 kJ/mol. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 39: 1764–1773, 2001
Fluoropolyether coatings: Relationships of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements, barrier properties, and polymer structure
Authors: Delucchi M. , Turri S. , Barbucci A. , Bassi M. , Novelli S. , Cerisola G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTen model coatings, selected and obtained from a family of fluorinated resins synthesized by the reaction of perfluoroether oligomeric diols of different molecular weights with polyisocyanurates of hexamethylenediisocyanate (HDI) and isophoronediisocyanate (IPDI), were characterized with differential scanning calorimetry, mechanical testing, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. The electrochemical and chemico‐physical measurements show that the glass‐transition temperature of the starting isocyanate trimers greatly influences the properties of the final urethane coatings; the IPDI trimer gives harder coatings with lower water permeabilities than the corresponding HDI‐based materials. Moreover, for each class of materials (from IPDI or HDI), the fluorine content plays a relevant role: the higher the fluorine percentage, the lower the water absorption into the coatings. Furthermore, the chain length of the polyols used for the synthesis of the prepolymers is a variable that exhibits great influence on the coating properties: coatings containing shorter perfluoropolyether segments show better barrier properties. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 40: 52–64, 2002
Fourier transform infrared study on the sorption of water to various kinds of polymer thin films
Authors: Ichikawa Ken , Mori Takayuki , Kitano Hiromi , Fukuda Mitsuhiro , Mochizuki Akira , Tanaka Masaru 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe state of sorbed water and the sorbing processes of water to various polymer thin films were studied with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. To prepare the polymer films, we used poly(ethylene glycol)s of different molecular weights and various kinds of vinyl polymers, such as poly(2‐methoxyethyl acrylate). The OH stretching band of water sorbed in the films increased gradually on contact with water vapor at 50% relative humidity and leveled off. When OH stretching bands of water sorbed to polymer films were compared, the peak positions and profiles of water sorbed to the polymeric materials with the same hydrogen‐bonding site were similar. A hybrid density‐functional method supported the assignment of the peaks. Furthermore, the diffusion coefficient (D) of water vapor in the polymer films was estimated by time‐resolved measurements of the sorbed water at the very initial stage (0–830 s). It was clearly shown that the D values of water vapor in the polymer materials with a strong hydrogen‐bonding site were smaller than those in hydrophobic polymers. The usefulness of the FTIR technique to investigate water sorption to polymer materials was definitely demonstrated. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 39: 2175–2182, 2001
Thermal, mechanical, and morphological properties of novolac‐type phenolic resin blended with fullerenol polyurethane and linear polyurethane
Authors: Ma Chen‐Chi M. , Sung Shang‐Chin , Wang Feng‐Yih , Chiang Long Y. , Wang Lee Y. , Chiang Chin‐Lung 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFullerenol polyurethane (C60‐PU) and linear polyurethane (linear‐PU) modified phenolic resins were prepared in this study. Phenolic resin/C60‐PU and phenolic resin/linear‐PU blends show good miscibility as a result of the intermolecular hydrogen bonding existing between phenolic resin and PU modifiers. DSC and thermogravimetric analysis methods were used to study the thermal properties of phenolic resin blended with different types of PUs. The intermolecular hydrogen bonding that existed between phenolic resin and C60‐PU was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The morphology and mechanical properties of phenolic resin/C60‐PU and phenolic resin/linear‐PU blends were also investigated. The char yield of the modified phenolic resins decreased with increasing PU modifier content. Significant improvement in the toughness of the modified phenolic resins was observed. The improvements of impact strength were 27.4% for the phenolic resin/linear‐PU system and 54.3% for the phenolic resin/C60‐PU system, respectively, both with 3 phr linear‐PU and C60‐PU content. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 39: 2436–2443, 2001
Cancer‐specific worry interference in women attending a breast and ovarian cancer risk evaluation program: impact on emotional distress and health functioning
Authors: Trask Peter C. , Paterson Amber G. , Wang Catharine , Hayasaka Satoru , Milliron Kara J. , Blumberg Laurie R. , Gonzalez Richard , Murray Susan , Merajver Sofia D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIntrusive thoughts about cancer, often identified as ‘cancer‐specific worries’ or ‘cancer‐specific distress’, have been postulated to be associated with dysfunction in women at increased risk of developing breast or ovarian cancer. The current study discusses the development and validation of a measure designed to assess women's perceptions of the interference such worries create in their daily functioning. Analyses revealed that approximately two‐thirds of a high‐risk breast cancer clinic sample perceived worries about breast cancer as interfering with their functioning across a variety of life domains. Multiple regression analyses indicated that worry interference scores predicted Profile of Mood States (POMS) Anxiety and Confusion, and Short Form‐36 (SF‐36) Role‐Emotional and Mental Health scores after the effects of other variables such as frequency of worry about breast cancer, and having a family history of cancer had been considered. Women who perceived their worries as interfering with their functioning reported higher levels of anxiety and confusion, and diminished mental health and role functioning. The results add to the expanding area of anxiety/distress in at‐risk populations by providing (1) a direct measure of the perceived interference associated with breast cancer‐specific thoughts, (2) a validation of the measure via its associations with standard measures of emotional distress and health functioning, and (3) evidence of the measure's incremental predictive value in explaining distress and quality of life, after consideration of background variables, such as having a family history of cancer. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychosocial adjustment in children of mothers with breast cancer
Authors: Hoke Lizbeth A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThirty‐five children of 28 mothers diagnosed with breast cancer during the previous year were compared to 34 children of 24 mothers with recent benign breast biopsies. Mothers and children, ages 8–16, completed questionnaires about mood, behavior problems and social functioning to assess whether children of mothers with breast cancer were at increased risk for adjustment problems. Significant differences were not found between children in the breast cancer group and the comparison group on any of the measures, even though mothers with breast cancer reported more psychological distress than mothers with benign biopsies. In addition, children in both groups were functioning better than normative samples on some adjustment measures. Variables measuring the mother's illness and treatment were not significantly related to children's adjustment in the breast cancer group. Findings suggested that some adolescents whose mothers had breast cancer did better in social and academic activities when their mothers were more distressed, while adolescents whose mothers had benign biopsies did less well when their mothers were distressed. The study's small sample size limits conclusions that can be drawn; however, clinical and research implications are discussed, given other reports that some children of parents with cancer may experience adjustment problems. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Health status and life satisfaction among breast cancer survivor peer support volunteers
Authors: Alex Matthews B. , Baker Frank , Hann Danette M. , Denniston Maxine , Smith Tenbroeck G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTwo measures of health‐related quality of life (HRQOL), the Medical Outcomes Survey Short Form 36 (SF‐36) and the Satisfaction with Life Domains Scale for Cancer (SLDS‐C), were compared to examine the relationship between health status and life satisfaction among breast cancer survivors (BCSs). A total of 586 BCSs, all of whom were volunteers in peer support programs, met inclusion criteria and completed the self‐report measures. Significant correlation coefficients were shown between life satisfaction and measures of health status. SF‐36 scores were significantly higher for physical functioning, emotional well‐being, and vitality subscales compared to population norms. BCSs expressed greatest dissatisfaction with their sexual ability, physical strength, and bodies in general. Small age differences were found. Results suggest that incorporating multiple measures of HRQOL contribute to the understanding and measurement of the effects of cancer on perceived health status and life satisfaction. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Successful treatment of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus pulmonary infection with linezolid in a patient with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Ferrin Marianne , Zuckerman Jonathan B. , Meagher Alison , Blumberg Emily A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMethicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a significant cause of pulmonary infection in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Because these organisms are frequently multidrug‐resistant, most patients require intravenous therapy with vancomycin. We report on the first case of successful treatment of a pulmonary exacerbation due to MRSA in a CF patient with a new antimicrobial, linezolid. We demonstrated equivalence of intravenous and oral dosing in this patient, suggesting that oral linezolid may be an excellent alternative to intravenous vancomycin for CF patients infected with MRSA. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2002; 33:221–223. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mucociliary clearance in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Robinson Michael , Bye Peter T.B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAbnormal mucociliary clearance (MCC) is one of the central hypotheses for the development of lung disease in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). However, attempts to demonstrate this decrease of MCC in vivo have proved to be somewhat less definitive, with the evidence barely favoring impaired clearance. Any apparent disparities are most likely due to the variety of methodologies used by different laboratories to measure MCC. The limitations of the various methodologies are examined in this review, in an attempt to better facilitate comparison of results. A number of physical and pharmacological therapies have been developed to promote mucus clearance from the CF airway. A summary of the results of interventional studies utilizing the measurement of MCC as an outcome measure is presented. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2002; 33:293‐306. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polyamines in prostatic epithelial cells and adenocarcinoma; the effects of androgen blockade
Authors: Cohen Ronald J. , Fujiwara Kunio , Holland John W. , McNeal John E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundRecent identification of eosinophilic prostatic secretory granules (PSG) as the major secretory mechanism of the prostate gland and their loss in neoplasia has prompted scrutiny of their chemical constituents. Polyamines, in particular spermine and spermidine (sp/spd) are the major cations found within prostatic secretions, yet their secretory mechanism in normal and neoplastic tissues has not been investigated.MethodsNormal prostatic tissues and adenocarcinoma from intact and chemically castrated men were preserved in a glutaraldehyde‐based fixative (Solufix®). Immunostains for sp/spd were performed before and after harsh acid hydrolysis whereby all protein was removed from tissue sections.ResultsSp/spd immunoreactivity correlated with PSG as recognized in routine stains in tissues from intact patients before and after acid digestion. Decrease in sp/spd in untreated carcinomas was directly related to loss of PSG. After chemical castration, normal glands were mostly devoid of sp/spd while surviving malignant cells stained positively, despite a significant reduction or absence of PSG. Similarly, cancers progressing after castration were intensely decorated with anti‐spermine, despite an almost complete loss of PSG. Cytoplasmic sp/spd staining of these androgen resistant clones was in contrast to normal glands no longer acid resistant.ConclusionsThe intense eosinophilia of PSG is attributable to polyamines. Androgen blockade arrests sp/spd production in normal tissue. In contrast, sp/spd production continues in androgen resistant tumor clones, thereby uncoupling polyamines from their normal androgen dependent environment. Prostate 49:278–284, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prostatic tumor cell plasticity involves cooperative interactions of distinct phenotypic subpopulations: Role in vasculogenic mimicry
Authors: Sharma Navesh , Seftor Richard E.B. , Seftor Elisabeth A. , Gruman Lynn M. , Heidger Paul M. , Cohen Michael B. , Lubaroff David M. , Hendrix Mary J.C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDTumor cell plasticity represents a significant clinical challenge in that the fate and function of tumor cells can be elusive until a tumor mass is evident. A remarkable example of plasticity is tumor cell vasculogenic mimicry, recently described in aggressive uveal and cutaneous melanoma, in addition to ovarian carcinoma, whereby tumor cells express endothelial‐associated genes and form de novo vasculogenic‐like networks in three‐dimensional (3‐D) culture. In the current investigation, we examined whether there is evidence for vasculogenic mimicry in heterogeneous prostatic neoplasms.METHODSDunning rat and human prostate cancer cell lines (comprised of epithelial‐ and fibroblastic‐like tumor subpopulations) were tested for their ability to express selected endothelial‐associated genes, laminin, the α6β1 laminin‐binding integrin, and for their potential to form perfusable tubular networks in 3‐D culture. Simultaneous morphological analysis of tumor‐lined channels in rat and human tumors was also performed.RESULTSGreen fluorescent protein labeling of prostatic clonal subpopulations revealed unique cooperative interactions of epithelial‐ and fibroblastic‐like tumor cells in the formation of perfusable vasculogenic‐like networks. Furthermore, while these cell lines were shown to express various vascular markers, prostatic tumor cell‐lined channels were also detected in vivo in high grade tumors, and occurred in some cases in close proximity to conventional endothelial‐lined vasculature.CONCLUSIONSA multidisciplinary approach to assess vasculogenic mimicry by prostatic tumor cells has revealed supportive evidence that it occurs in invasive, heterogeneous prostate cancer cell lines, and circumstantially in aggressive rat and human tumors. These results reflect the plasticity of aggressive prostatic tumor cells and may provide new prognostic markers for clinical diagnosis and new therapeutic intervention strategies. Prostate 50: 189–201, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Growth inhibition of prostate cancer xenografts by halofuginone*†
Authors: Gavish Zohar , Pinthus Jehonathan H. , Barak Vivian , Ramon Jacob , Nagler Arnon , Eshhar Zelig , Pines Mark 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDHalofuginone, an inhibitor of collagen type I synthesis, is an anti‐angiogenic agent. Here we evaluated the efficacy of halofuginone to inhibit prostate cancer (PC) xenografts representing various phenotypes of the disease.METHODSAn androgen‐dependent (CWR22), an androgen‐independent (PC3), and a neuroendocrine (WISH‐PC2) PC xenograft were used. Halofuginone was given orally or injected intraperitoneally. Tumor size, collagen α1(I) gene expression (in situ hybridization), collagen content (sirius red staining), angiogenesis (immunohistochemistry with factor VIII antibodies), and apoptosis/necrosis (DNA fragmentation) were evaluated.RESULTSHalofuginone inhibited the growth of all subcutaneously implanted xenografts and of WISH‐PC2 when transplanted orthotopically. The effect was dose‐dependent (WISH‐PC2) and accompanied by decrease in plasma PSA levels (CWR22). In all xenografts, halofuginone inhibited collagen α1(I) gene expression, reduced collagen content, and endothelial cell number resulting in an increase in apoptosis/necrotsis.CONCLUSIONSOral administration of halofuginone slowed the progression of PC xenografts representing a broad range of phenotypes. Halofuginone may become a new modality for PC prevention. Prostate 51: 73–83, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ecto‐diadenosine polyphosphates hydrolase activity on human prostasomes
Authors: Minelli Alba , Allegrucci Cinzia , Liguori Lavinia , Ronquist Gunnar 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDEcto‐diadenosine polyphosphates are ubiquitous compounds with several physiological roles. Ecto‐diadenosine polyphosphates hydrolase control their actions by degrading and terminating their signaling. The present work deals with the identification and partial characterization of ecto‐diadenosine polyphosphates hydrolase on human prostasomes.METHODSReverse‐phase and paired‐ion HPLC techniques have been used.RESULTSProstasomes have an ecto‐diadenosine polyphosphates hydrolase that leads to the degradation of several diadenosine compounds. Kinetic parameters of the enzyme show that diadenosine tetraphosphate is the preferred substrate that is further metabolized by the prostasome‐ecto‐nucleotidases to adenosine. The ecto‐enzyme is bound to the prostasome‐membranes through a GPI‐anchor and is activated by physiological concentration of Ca+2, Mg+2, and Mn+2. Its optimum pH is also in the slightly alkaline physiological range. Human spermatozoa do not possess this hydrolytic activity, but they can acquire it after fusion with prostasomes.CONCLUSIONSThe existence of an enzyme capable of degrading diadenosine compounds and can be transferred to human spermatozoa suggests new physiological implications for the role of prostasomes in fertilization. Prostate 51: 1–9, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Confirmation of the prostate cancer susceptibility locus HPCX in a set of 104 German prostate cancer families
Authors: Bochum Sylvia , Paiss Thomas , Vogel Walther , Herkommer Kathleen , Hautmann Richard , Haeussler Juergen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDSeveral prostate cancer (PCa) susceptibility loci have been reported, but attempts to confirm them in independent data sets have produced inconsistent results. It is not yet clear, how much of this variation is due to differences between different populations. HPCX was originally identified in a combined data set of PCa families from the USA and Scandinavia. Considerable differences in the frequency of linked families were observed in this heterogeneous family sample as well as in following studies.METHODSIn order to estimate the significance of HPCX in the German population, DNA samples from 104 PCa families were genotyped at six polymorphic markers spanning a region of approximately 14 cM on Xq27‐28, which includes the proposed HPCX candidate locus.RESULTSIn the entire data set, a maximum NPL Z score of 1.20 (P = 0.11) at marker DXS984 was observed. Statistically significant evidence for linkage was obtained in the subset of 63 families with early‐onset disease (i.e., ≤ 65 years) with a maximum NPL Z score of 2.32 (P = 0.009) at the same location.CONCLUSIONOur results confirm the existence of a prostate cancer susceptibility gene on Xq27‐28 also in the German population. Prostate 52: 12–19, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Loss of heterozygosity at 13q14 and 13q21 in high grade, high stage prostate cancer
Authors: Dong Jin‐Tang , Boyd James C. , Frierson Henry F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundLoss of heterozygosity (LOH) at chromosome 13q has been frequently detected in prostate cancer, and three regions (i.e., 13q14, 13q21, and 13q33) may harbor tumor suppressor genes important in this neoplasm. In this study, we examined the frequency of 13q LOH in advanced prostate cancers, in order to determine the clinicopathologic relevance of 13q LOH.MethodsLOH was determined by analyzing microsatellite markers in 41 cases of microdissected predominantly high grade prostate cancer tissues and their matched nonneoplastic cells. The results were compared with those generated previously for lower grade, asymptomatic cancers.ResultsThe frequencies of LOH at 13q14, 13q21, and 13q33 were 62% (21/34), 57% (20/35), and 34% (11/32), respectively. In comparison to previous results, LOH at 13q14 and 13q21 but not 13q33 was more frequent in prostate cancers that produced local clinical symptoms (bladder outlet obstruction) than those that did not (P < 0.05). LOH at 13q14 was also significantly more frequent in high grade and high stage cancers than those that were lower grade and lower stage (P < 0.05).ConclusionsAlthough the target genes on 13q have not been identified in carcinomas of the prostate, LOH at 13q14 in particular is associated with clinically significant prostate cancers. Further fine mapping of these loci may lead to identification of tumor suppressor genes that are deleted in aggressive carcinomas of the prostate. Prostate 49:166–171, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effect of the herbicide glyphosate on non‐target spiders: Part I. Direct effects on Lepthyphantes tenuis under laboratory conditions
Authors: Haughton Alison J , Bell James R , Wilcox Andrew , Boatman Nigel D 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe examined the toxic effects of glyphosate to adult female Lepthyphantes tenuis (Araneae, Linyphiidae), a common spider of agricultural habitats. The overspray technique was used to investigate the effect of the herbicide on forty individuals in each of six glyphosate treatments (2160, 1440, 1080, 720, 360 and 180 g ha−1) and a distilled water control. Spiders collected from the wild were individually placed in exposure chambers and checked every 24 h over a 72‐h experimental period. Mortality of L tenuis remained at less than 10% in all treatments at 24 and 48 h after spray application, and only increased marginally (to 13%) after 72 h. These results support other limited data which suggest that glyphosate is ‘harmless’ to non‐target arthropods. More extended laboratory testing to investigate any side‐effects of glyphosate on the life history of L tenuis and other non‐beneficial invertebrates is required.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry