bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ignoring the signals: irrigation salinity in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Proust Katrina 
Published: February 2003

AbstractFrom antiquity the problems of salinisation appeared with the introduction of irrigation in the Mediterranean basin. Times of abundant harvests were followed by periods of declining yields due to sterilisation of the soils. In the nineteenth century, British India and the United States of America had to face similar problems. The experiences in these two countries provided understanding of the problems of salinisation of irrigated soils. In south‐eastern Australia salinisation occurred shortly after the Mildura irrigation settlement was established in Victoria in 1887. By 1906 the New South Wales government began plans for Australia's first intensive irrigation development: the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Scheme. In this paper I examine how the historical signals from overseas and Victoria were ignored, and how rising water tables, waterlogging and salinity followed the development. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression of adhesion molecules in the lower uterine segment during term and preterm parturition
Authors: Winkler M. , Kemp B. , Fischer D.C. , Ruck P. , Rath W. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractTerm and preterm cervical ripening and dilatation have similarities with an inflammatory reaction. Since cell adhesion molecules are involved in this process, investigations on the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1, endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule‐1, vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1, and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule in the lower uterine segment and in vitro experiments on human umbilical vein endothelial cells were performed. In addition, current reports on expression of endothelial adhesion molecules by the uterine cervix were summarized. Cell adhesion molecule expression by lower uterine segment and uterine cervix in term and preterm parturition was measured using immunohistochemistry, enzyme immunoassay, and Northern blot analysis. Regulation of adhesion molecule expression was evaluated in vitro by indirect immunofluorescence and flow cytometry using human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Investigations in term parturition revealed that intercellular adhesion molecule‐1, endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule‐1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 expression increases during parturition. In preterm labor, the expression of endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule‐1 and intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 in the lower uterine segment increased. Expression of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule did not change in term and preterm parturition. Expression of adhesion molecules was localized mainly on lower uterine segment vascular endothelial cells and to a smaller extent on leukocytes. In vitro experiments showed that expression of adhesion molecules by human umbilical vein endothelial cells can be stimulated by tumor necrosis factor‐α, 17β‐estradiol, prostaglandin E2, and the antigestagen onapristone. Progesterone exerted no stimulatory effect. Cervical ripening and dilatation during term and preterm parturition are associated with an increased expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules by lower uterine segment and uterine cervix. The expression can be modulated by pro‐inflammatory cytokines, sex hormones, and prostaglandin E2. Mechanisms controlling the extravasation of leukocytes may play a fundamental role in term and preterm parturition. Microsc. Res. Tech. 60:430–444, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stromal vascularization in the endometrium during adenomyosis
Authors: Ota Hirotaka , Tanaka Toshinobu 
Published: February 2003

AbstractIn adenomyosis, the two major frequent symptoms are hypermenorrhea and dysmenorrhea. The incidence of the former is said to be high, ranging from 36 to 70%. It has been found that vascular distribution of the endometrium in adenomyosis is diversely different from fertile patients without adenomyosis. For example, hysteroscopy revealed that approximately half of the patients have abnormal vascularization. In these patients, vascular distribution was generally irregular, and vessels were thick, dilated, and/or reticular in some patients. Moreover, morphometric analysis of the endometrium revealed that in the fertile women, the mean surface area, total surface area, and total number of capillaries, all increased significantly in the secretory phase compared to the proliferative phase. In contrast, the above parameters increased in the adenomyosis group in both the proliferatve phase and secretory phase compared to the fertile women. In particular, the total surface area of capillaries per mm2 markedly rose, by 11.6 times, compared to that of the proliferative phase in the fertile women. These findings suggest that regulatory factors involved in the vascular proliferation are diversely exaggerated, and that the abnormal vascularization of the endometrium is closely related with hypermenorrhea. Microsc. Res. Tech. 60:445–449, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spirometric function in children of Mexico City compared to Mexican‐American children
Authors: Pérez‐Padilla Rogelio , Regalado‐Pineda Justino , Rojas Margarita , Catalán Minerva , Mendoza Laura , Rojas Rosalba , Chapela Rocio , Villalba Jaime , Torres Victor , Borja‐Aburto Victor , Olaiz Gustavo 
Published: February 2003

AbstractWe set out to describe the pattern of lung function growth in Mexican students from 8–20 years of age, using internationally accepted equipment and methodology, and to compare it to values reported for Mexican‐American children. Out of a total of 6,803 students from primary school to high school studied cross‐sectionally in the Mexico City metropolitan area, we selected 4,009 asymptomatic, nonobese, nonsmoker subjects to generate spirometric prediction equations. We describe regression equations for the main spirometric variables (log transformed) based on age, height, and weight, and separated for males and females. Spirometric function in the population studied was above that predicted for European (Quanjer et al. [1987] Pediatr Pulmonol 19:135–142) or Mexican‐American children, for the same age, height, and gender. On average, forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) in Mexican children was 9.5% above that of Europeans (Quanjer et al. [1987] Pediatr Pulmonol 19:135–142), 14% and 5% above Hispanics reported by (Coultas et al. [1988] Am Rev Respir Dis 138:1386–1392) and (Hsu et al. [1979] J Pediatr 95:14–23), respectively, and 5% above Mexican‐Americans from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey study. Similarly, FVC was 8%, 14%, 8%, and 5.6% above the figures predicted by the same authors. The largest errors of prediction of foreign equations occurred in extremely tall or short subjects, and therefore a single proportional adjustment is unfeasible. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 35:177–183. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inspiratory flow rate through a dry powder inhaler (Clickhaler®) in children with asthma
Authors: Parry‐Billings Mark , Birrell Claire , Oldham Louise , O'Callaghan Christopher 
Published: February 2003

AbstractDry powder inhalers (DPIs) are increasingly being used to deliver drugs for the treatment of asthma. Both the aerosolization and delivery of the drug from a DPI to the lung are dependent on an adequate inspiratory effort from the patient, and it is well‐known that the air flow achieved early in the inspiratory profile is important in determining particle size distribution from the inhaler. The present study assessed the peak inspiratory flow (PIF) generated through the Clickhaler® DPI, and the early inspiratory flow at 150 mL of inspired volume (IF150), in asthmatic children. These measurements were made in a well‐controlled setting, and two attempts were recorded to establish maximum achievement. Results were obtained from 57 children aged 6–17 years, showing a (mean ± SD) best PIF of 60.5 ± 18.7 L/min (range, 26.8–97.0). The mean PIF overall was 54.2 ± 20.8 L/min (7.9–97.0). For children aged 6–8 years, the mean best PIF was 46.5 ± 14.6 L/min (26.8–71.1); for those aged 9 years or more, it was >65 L/min (30.3–97.0). PIF values were unrelated to % predicted FEV1 measurements. Best IF150 (mean ± SD) was 42.9 ± 13.6 L/min (23.1–66.6) in children aged 6–8 years, and >55 L/min (28.0–86.4) for the older children, showing that high flow rates were achieved early in the inspiratory profile. These data indicate that children with stable asthma can generate adequate inspiratory flow rates to operate the Clickhaler® effectively. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 35:220–226. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impulse oscillometry: A measure for airway obstruction
Authors: Vink Geraldine R. , Arets Hubertus G.M. , van der Laag Johan , van der Ent Cornelis K. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe impulse oscillometry system (IOS) was introduced as a new technique to assess airflow obstruction in patients who are not able to perform forced breathing maneuvers, e.g., subjects with cerebral palsy or severe mental retardation, and young children. This study evaluates the sensitivity and specificity of IOS parameters to quantify changes in airflow obstruction in comparison with forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) measurements. Measurements of FEV1, PEF, and resistance (R) and reactance (X) at frequencies of 5–35 Hz were performed in 19 children with asthma before, during, and after methacholine challenge and subsequent bronchodilatation. All parameters changed significantly during tests. Values of R5 and R10 correlated with FEV1 (r = −0.71 and −0.73, respectively, P < 0.001), as did values of X5 and X10 (r = 0.52 and 0.57, respectively, P < 0.01). Changes in R preceded changes in PEF and FEV1 during methacholine challenge. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to predict a 15% fall in FEV1 showed better sensitivity and specificity for R5 (area under the curve, 0.85) compared to PEF (0.79) or R10 (0.73). We conclude that IOS parameters can be easily used as an indirect measure of airflow obstruction. This might be helpful in patients who are not able to perform forced breathing maneuvers. In individual subjects, R values measured at 5 Hz showed to be superior to PEF measurements in the detection of a 15% fall in FEV1. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 35:214–219. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chylothorax following apparently spontaneous central venous thrombosis in a patient with septic shock
Authors: Berkenbosch John W. , Monteleone Philip M. , Tobias Joseph D. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractWithin the pediatric age group, chylothorax is rare and has been reported almost exclusively in the setting of thoracic surgical procedures or central venous hypertension secondary to central venous catheter thrombosis. We report on the development of central venous thrombosis and chylothorax in the absence of the usual risk factors in a patient with septic shock, and we expand on the role that procoagulant states, such as those induced by sepsis, might play in the development of this complication. This case reminds the practitioner that central venous thromboses and their complications may occur in the absence of the usually reported risk factors and must therefore still be considered when other clinical events suggest their presence. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 35:230–233. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Radial and tangential vibrational modes of HiPCO‐derived carbon nanotubes under pressure
Authors: Venkateswaran U. D. , Gosselin M.‐É. , Postek B. , Masica D. L. , Chen G. , Gupta R. , Eklund P. C. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractWe investigate the differences in the pressure dependence of the Raman‐active phonons in carbon nanotubes of different diameter and conducting nature. The pressure dependence of the tangential bands of the metallic tubes is found to be about the same as that of the semiconducting tubes. However, for the radial bands, the larger diameter semiconducting tubes are seen to exhibit a larger pressure coefficient than smaller diameter metallic tubes. We assign this behavior to the diameter dependence and not the conductivity of the tubes. We find a strong inverse diameter dependence for the normalized pressure derivative of the radial band frequency (ωR) in contrast to the recent predictions for isolated tubes. This suggests that faceting of the tubes in the bundles may be the dominant contribution to the pressure dependence of ωR.
Theoretical studies of semiconductors, with and without defects, under pressure
Authors: Christensen N.E. , Gorczyca I. , Svane A. , Gonzalez Szwacki N. , Boguslawski P. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractElectronic structures and total energies obtained by ab initio quantum theory are used to calculate spectroscopic and structural properties of semiconductors under pressure. As examples we discuss III–V nitrides, partly because they have properties of great technological importance. The pressure dependence of various defect levels are discussed, and also the variation of defect formation energies with applied pressure is examined. The results are compared to similar work on defects in GaAs (Bonapasta and Giannozzi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 3923 (2000)). Dilute GaAs1–xNx compounds are examined by means of calculations using large supercells. The introduction of small amounts of nitrogen modifies strongly the conduction bands. Γ, L and X states mix and form new low‐energy states. The identification of the so‐called E+ state as being a1(L1c) is confirmed. The lowest conduction band exhibits strong non‐parabolicity. Pressure affects strongly the electronic properties of GaAs1–xNx, and it influences the electron effective masses and their dependence on x. The results obtained for the dilute N‐alloys differ significantly from recent data for Ga1–xBxAs.
Accurate determination of (AlxGa1–x)0.5In0.5P alloy pressure coefficients
Authors: Harada J. , Kobayashi T. , Prins A. D. , Dunstan D. J. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe relative pressure coefficients across the (AlxGa1–x)0.5In0.5P alloy range are accurately reported for the first time as a function of the aluminium content. Low temperature continuous‐wave photoluminescence (CWPL) at hydrostatic pressures up to 30 kbar was used on a specially designed sample.
Experimental study of pressure influence on tunnel transport into 2DEG
Authors: Dizhur E.M. , Voronovsky A.N. , Kotelnikov I.N. , Dizhur S.E. , Feiginov M.N. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractWe present the concept and the results of pilot measurements of tunneling in a system Al/δSi‐GaAs under pressure up to 2GPa at 4.2 K. The obtained results may indicate the following: the barrier height for Al/δ‐GaAs equals to 0.86 eV at P = 0 and its pressure coefficient is 30 meV/GPa; charged impurity density in the delta‐layer starts to drop from 4.5 × 1012 cm–2 down to 3.8 × 1012 cm–2 at about 1.5 GPa; metal–insulator transition may occur in 2 DEG at about 2 GPa.
Auger recombination in InGaAs/AlGaAs‐based MQW semiconductor lasers emitting at 980 nm
Authors: Lock D. , Sweeney S. J. , Adams A. R. , Robbins D. J. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractWe have analysed experimentally the temperature and pressure dependence of 980 nm high‐power GaAs/AlGaAs/InGaAs semiconductor lasers in the temperature (T) range 80–350 K. Measurements of the threshold current and spontaneous emission allow us to study the underlying recombination occurring in the devices. We observe that up to ≈250 K the dominant recombination mechanism is radiative (Jth ∝ T). Above this temperature there is a super‐linear increase in threshold current and a resulting decrease in the characteristic temperature, T0 (≈130 K at room temperature). Pressure measurements at room temperature allow us to differentiate between possible recombination processes. They show that leakage into the X minima accounts for only 0.1% of the total threshold current at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. We therefore conclude that Auger recombination is the cause of the super‐linear increase in threshold current over the normal temperature range of operation.
Effects of macrocyclic lactone anthelmintics on feeding and pharyngeal pumping in Trichostrongylus colubriformis in vitro
Authors: SHERIFF J. C. , KOTZE A. C. , SANGSTER N. C. , MARTIN R. J. 
Published: February 2003

The effects of macrocyclic lactone anthelmintics (MLs) on feeding by Trichostrongylus colubriformis nematodes in vitro were examined using inulin uptake as a measure of ingestion and electropharyngeograms as a record of the electrical events associated with pharyngeal pumping. Inulin uptake was inhibited by the 4 MLs tested (EC50s 0.045–4.57 nM), with an order of potency of eprinomectin (most potent), ivermectin, ivermectin monosaccharide, and ivermectin aglycone. The MLs caused both the frequency and amplitude of pharyngeal electrical events to decrease. In individual worms the inhibition of pump frequency preceded the inhibition of pump amplitude. The order of potency of the MLs as inhibitors of frequency was ivermectin aglycone, ivermectin, ivermectin monosaccharide and eprinomectin. The difference compared with the inulin assay results are probably due to the dynamics of drug uptake in the two systems. It was possible that the nematodes in the electrophysiology experiments were effectively orally ligated by enclosure of the worm's head in the recording pipette which contained no drug. Despite this difference in relative potencies, both the ingestion assays and the electrical events indicate that MLs are potent inhibitors of the pharynx in T. colubriformis in vitro. The sequence of effects on pharyngeal electrical activity suggests that ML action involves an initial inhibitory effect on the rate of pharyngeal contractions, followed by a decrease in the amplitude of the potentials associated with pharyngeal pumping events.
In vitro cultivation of Hysterothylacium aduncum (Nematoda: Anisakidae) from 3rd-stage larvae to egg-laying adults
Authors: IGLESIAS L. , VALERO A. , GÁLVEZ L. , BENÍTEZ R. , ADROHER F. J. 
Published: February 2003

This is the first demonstration of the in vitro development of the 3rd-stage larvae (L3) of Hysterothylacium aduncum to the adult. This was achieved in a semi-defined medium that is easy to prepare and to reproduce. The L3, collected from the peritoneal cavity of horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus), were individually inoculated into RPMI-1640 medium +20% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (IFBS). It has been demonstrated that the optimum temperature for development is around 13 °C and is stimulated by the presence of 5% CO2 in the growth atmosphere, increasing the percentage moulting to the 4th larval stage (L4) by 1.9-fold (from 44 to 82%) and the average survival of the nematodes by 1.6 times (from 60 to 96 days). When the larvae were grown at different pHs, optimum development occurred at pH 4.0. Under these conditions, all the larvae moulted to the L4 and more than two-thirds transformed to the adult stage – in which 25–30% of the females laid eggs – and reached an average survival of over 4 months. When this medium was supplemented with 1% (w/v) of commercial pepsin, all the larvae reached the adult stage, at least 45% of the females oviposited, laying around 12-fold more eggs per female than in the medium without pepsin. The mean size of the eggs (non-fertilized) obtained was 56.8×47.6 μm. The mean length of the adult males obtained was between 3.2 and 5.2 cm and the females were between 3.0 and 6.5 cm. The adult specimens were morphologically identified as Hysterothylacium aduncum aduncum. This culture medium (RPMI-1640+20% (v/v) IFBS+1% commercial pepsin, at pH 4.0, 13 °C and 5% CO2 in air) could facilitate the identification of at least some of the larvae of the genus Hysterothylacium – and perhaps other anisakids – for which the specific identification and the biological study of these parasites is often difficult.
A gadolinium and pH-sensitive hyperpolarization-activated cation current in acutely isolated single neurones from Fasciola hepatica
Authors: KIM H. S. , KAM K. Y. , RYU P. D. , HONG S. J. , JEON J. S. , JEON B. H. , KIM K. J. , PARK J. B. 
Published: February 2003

Fasciola hepatica, a parasitic flatworm belonging to the Class Trematoda, is one of the first metazoan groups to possess a centralized nervous system. However, the electrophysiological properties of neurones in F. hepatica are largely unknown. In the present study, we acutely isolated viable neurones from F. hepatica and characterized their electrophysiological properties. A hyperpolarization-activated cation current was recorded in the cells using the whole-cell patch-clamp. The current was found to be activated slowly at membrane potentials negative to 0 mV and did not display any time-dependent inactivation. This current was reduced by 1 mM Gd3+ to the level of the leak current, while 3 mM of Cs+ had no effect. However, the current was inhibited by extracellular acidosis in the pH range 7.0–7.8, and the membrane potentials of these cells were depolarized by extracellular alkalosis in the pH range of 5.8 to 8.2. Gd3+ (1 mM), which inhibited the pH-sensitive hyperpolarization-activated cation current, also hyperpolarized the cells. In summary, we isolated single neurones from F. hepatica, and these were found to express a pH-sensitive hyperpolarization-activated cation current. This current may participate in the membrane depolarization of F. hepatica neurones during alkaline challenge.
A male-specific (cysteine-rich) protein of Oesophagostomum dentatum (Strongylida) with structural characteristics of a serine protease inhibitor containing two trypsin inhibitor-like domains
Authors: BOAG P. R. , RANGANATHAN S. , NEWTON S. E. , GASSER R. B. 
Published: February 2003

A cDNA was isolated from an adult male Oesophagostomum dentatum gene library by screening with a male-specific, partial expressed sequence tag (EST) probe identified previously using a differential display technique. The full-length cDNA of 642 bp included 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions of 44 and 121 nucleotides, respectively, and encoded a predicted protein with a putative 18 amino acid signal sequence and a mature polypeptide of 14.7 kDa comprising ∼15% cysteine residues. The amino acid sequence showed similarity with a number of proteins from Caenorhabditis elegans, parasitic nematodes, insects and amphibia, all of which contain a trypsin inhibitor-like cysteine-rich domain. A 3-dimensional structure model constructed for the O. dentatum protein (designated OdmCRP) inferred that it is composed of 2 domains, each with 5 disulfide bonds, which are indicative of the Ascaris family of serine protease inhibitors. These findings indicate that OdmCRP, with 2 structural domains relating to functionally active sites, is a new member of this inhibitor family.