bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pause and Period in the Lyrics of Greek Tragedy
Authors: Lloyd-Jones Hugh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It has long been accepted as a principle by editors and writers on Greek metre that brevis in longo and hiatus in tragic lyrics often coincide with some kind of sense-pause. The object of this inquiry is (i) to determine the incidence of pause in such places, and show that it is significantly high; (ii) to show that there is a comparable incidence in the corresponding places in strophic systems; (iii) to show that period-ends determined by criteria other than brevis and hiatus are attended by similar conditions. It might seem that if all this were true it would have been recognized long ago, particularly as the connection between sense and metrical structure, and symmetry of sense in strophe and antistrophe, has often been pointed out.
Interlinear Hiatus 1n Trimeters
Authors: Lloyd-Jones Hugh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In CQ Iv (1941), 22-5, E. Harrison noticed that hiatus between verses in the trimeters of dialogues was much less frequent in tragedy when the sense ran on from one verse to the next, than when there was a pause in sense at verse-end. He observed (i) that Aeschylus’ Prometheus differed from the other plays of Aeschylus in this respect, the proportion of run-over hiatus to end-stopped hiatus being much higher, and more like that of comedy; (ii) that Sophocles had remarkably few verses with run-over hiatus in the Trachiniae (8) and Antigone (u), much less than Aeschylus in proportion to the number of non-stop trimeters in the play, though Oedipus Tyrannus had much the largest number in Sophocles (48), and no continuous chronological development was discernible; (iii) that in Euripides there was a general progression from relative strictness to relative freedom in the run-over hiatus allowed, though individual plays did not conform closely to this pattern; (iv) that in general comedy was freer than tragedy.
Horatian Echoes
Authors: Lloyd-Jones Hugh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As winter thaws beneath the mild breezes of spring, ships are hauled down to the water and on the farm men and beasts emerge from their refuge: Nisbet-Hubbard1 stress the contrast here, which ‘reminds us of the contrast between field and castle in medieval books of hours’ (p. 59). The contrast has a further function: ‘the activity of spring is opposed to the sluggishness of winter, the gaiety of Venus to the heavy industriousness of her husband’ (p. 61), ‘Venus can frolic gaily while her lame and ponderous husband is superintending his thunderbolt factory’ (on 1. 7).
The First Stasimon of Aeschylus’ Choephori
Authors: Lloyd-Jones Hugh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Orestes has revealed himself to Electra and sworn with her to avenge Agamemnon. He outlines his plan and leaves the stage with a prayer to his father, after warning the chorus against indiscretion (581-2). They begin:
Earth nurtures many dread hurts and fears; the sea’s embrace is full of monsters hostile to man; lights in mid-air between earth and heaven also harm winged things and things that tread the earth; and one might also tell of the stormy wrath of tempests.
Heracles’ Homecoming and Related Topics: The Second Stasimon of Sophocles’ Trachiniae
Authors: Lloyd-Jones Hugh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The second episode of Sophocles’ Trachiniae ends with the pathetic irony ofDeianeira’s final injunction to Lichas (630-2): ‘I am afraid you speak too soon of my desire, before knowing whether I am desired in that quarter.’ But her decision to use the love-charm has given her fresh hope, and this upward trend in the action is accentuated in the short joyful ode which follows her departure from the stage: You who dwell by the warm springs, with their ships’ havens and rocky cliffs, and by the foothills of Oeta, and the recesses of the Malian mere, and the strand of the maiden with the golden shafts, where are the famous gatherings of the Greeks at the Gates: Soon will the lovely voice of the pipe send forth for you no grim untoward clamorous din, but a sound of divine music answering to the lyre.
The Apotheosis of Heracles from the Pyre
Authors: Lloyd-Jones Hugh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The finest living interpreter of Greek tragedy, whom we are honouring today, has given us, amongst many other good things, the best book to date on Sophocles. In his illuminating treatment of the Trachiniae, Professor Winnington-Ingram approaches with great caution the question whether the pyre of Heracles alludes to his deification. It has been left to another distinguished tragedian, Mrs Easterling, to give the most subtle and sophisticated answer to this question so far: that there is such an allusion, but that there is much more to it than that.
Introduction: Greek and Latin in Antonine Literature
Authors: Russell D A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There is obviously no reason why deaths of emperors should also mark epochs in literary history. Hadrian was indeed an active patron of letters, his successor less so; but whatever changes there were were gradual, and the concept of a specific ally ‘Antonine’ period of literature is bound to be artificial. But it is not therefore useless; for it is possible to discern a distinct stage, in the middle part of the century, in the development of what I like to regard as the bilingual literature of the Empire.
Traditional Greek Conceptions of Character
Authors: Halliwell Stephen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Prodicus’ parable ‘The Choice of Heracles’, epitomized in Xenophon’s Memorabilia (2. 1. 21 33), the figure of Virtue tells the adolescent hero, as he sits contemplating the ethical divergence of’roads’ which defines the possibilities of his adult life: ‘I approach you, Heracles, with knowledge of who your parents were, and having learnt your own nature (phusis) in the course of your education. As a result, I hope that if you take the road which leads to me, you will certainly become an excellent agent of fine and proud deeds’ (2. 1. 27).
On Reading Plutarch’s Lives
Authors: Russell D A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
‘Who’s this, thy son? A pretty youth! What is his name? ‘Plutarchus, sir.’ ‘Plutarchus! how came that about?’ ‘That year, sir, That I begot him, I bought Plutarch’s Lives And fell so in love with the book, as I call’d my son By his name, in hope he should be like him, And write the lives of our great men.’ Ben Jonson, The Devil is an Ass (1616).
Plutarch, Alcibiades 1-16
Authors: Russell D A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The first part of Plutarch’s Alcibiades, down to the point at which preparations for Sicily begin (17. 1), has only the roughest chronological framework. It is largely made up of anecdote and reflection, and the order seems to be determined mainly by literary considerations. Hence its special interest for the study of Plutarch’s methods. Why is the material arranged as it is? And what, if any, is Plutarch’s original contribution? These are dangerous questions-the first because it is human to claim the presence of design where there is really only accident, and the second because to answer it properly would require unattainable completeness in our knowledge of the sources. Nevertheless, it is perhaps worth making the attempt.
Anatolia
Authors: Mitchell Stephen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This is the first comprehensive study of the history of Asia Minor in antiquity to be written for nearly fifty years and the first attempt to treat Anatolian history as a whole over the millennium from the time of Alexander the Great to the hey day of the Byzantine Empire. The first volume is in two parts. The first examines the region in the Hellenistic period, when it was dominated by Celtic tribes who settled in the interior of Asia Minor in the first half of the third century BC. The second covers the period of the Roman Empire and looks in detail at the changes brought about by imperial rule. Two relationships dominated every aspect of Asia Minor's history throughout the period: that of the people to the land and that of men to the gods. An enormous quantity of information derived from written sources, archaeological remains, inscriptions, and coins make it possible to explore these relationships at a level of detail which is hardly possible for any other part of the ancient world. Both themes have a significance which reached far beyond the boundaries of Anatolia.
The Pacification of the Taurus
Authors: Mitchell Stephen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Rome’s new Anatolian possessions, the province of Galatia, required military intervention from the outset. The final subjugation of the intransigent tribal peoples of the Taurus—Cilicians, isaurians, and Pisidians—remained incomplete and, formidable as the achievements of Amyntas had already been, a generation was to pass before their mountainous homelands were finally subdued and secured. These were among the unsung wars of the Augustan age. No narrative account survives from any ancient source, and the course of the campaigns has to be recovered from hints in the ancient writers, inferences deduced from the careers of the Roman commanders who conducted them, and epigraphical evidence for the disposition of military units and veteran settlements through the area in the early principate.
The Agenda of the Local Élite
Authors: Rives J B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Discussions of local élites in the Roman empire often focus on their complicity with the ruling powers, and for a very good reason. The decentralized type of administration favoured by the Roman rulers was only made possible by the willingness of the local é seen, the Carthaginian lites to assume much of the job of government. Their collaboration was basic to the success of the empire. As I argued in Chapter I, this was just as true in matters of religion as in anything else. Nevertheless, it is important to keep in mind that the elite were not merely agents of Rome. They certainly chose to act on behalf of the central government in a variety of ways and for a variety of reasons. Yet they remained independent actors with their own agendas. It is not surprising then that they used their control of public religion on their own behalf as well as in the service of the empire. Indeed, I would argue that they used it to serve the empire only to the extent that they served their own needs at the same time. But local elites also had interests which were not necessarily identical with those of Rome, and they could use their control of public religion for these purposes as well. As Guy Rogers has shown in his stimulating book on Ephesus (1991), the elite of that city used religious traditions about the birth of their great goddess Artemis to crystallize a civic and religious identity that maintained yet transcended its Roman elements. As we have seen, the Carthaginian élite could claim a great goddess of their own. It is true that the history of Ephesus was largely continuous, whereas Carthage had been destroyed and refounded as a different city. The religious identity of its new inhabitants was at first strictly Roman. But as its élite changed, so too did the religious identity that they shaped.
The Failure of the Civic Model
Authors: Rives J B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In a very perceptive paper, John North (1992) has identified the growth of voluntary religious systems, i.e. groups or beliefs to which an individual might adhere independently of civic circumstances, as one of the most significant religious developments of the imperial period. The reasons for this development are numerous and complex, but I would argue that one important factor was the fact that religious identity had ceased to be politically charged. As a result, the institution of a new public cult had much less significance for the or do of Carthage than it had had for the Senate in republican Rome. More importantly, the élite had less reason to interfere with the private religious activities of those who lived in their city. As I suggested in the introduction, however, people in a cosmopolitan society, unless they are subject to some external restraints, inevitably define their own religious identities in increasingly diverse ways. As a major port city in the Roman empire, Carthage was very cosmopolitan, and not surprisingly its inhabitants engaged in an extremely broad range of private religious activities. The ordo did virtually nothing to restrict these activities, and the imperial government did little more. Consequently, individuals were to a large extent able to define their own religious identities as they pleased. This is not to say that the collective identity shaped by the sacra publica of Carthage was of no importance, or that cults which symbolically linked the participants to the emperor and the empire were meaningless. Both phenomena were indeed significant. It is rather to say that ultimately there was no control of religious identity in the empire, and that in its absence there was nothing that we can truly describe as official religion.
Even Dogs have Erinyes:1 Sanctions in Athenian Practice and Thinking
Authors: Hall Margaretha Debrunner 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the conclusion of their seminal book on the history of punishment from the Middle Ages to the earlier twentieth century, Rusche and Kirchheimer emphasize: ‘The penal system of any given society is not an isolated phenomenon subject to its own special laws. It is an integral part of the whole social system and shares its aspi rations and its defects’ (1939: 207, cf. 57). A penal system, that is a network of sanctions intended to cover all possible offences which have themselves been clearly defined, did not exist in ancient Greece. Nevertheless, the study of the preoccupations and short comings of existing penal regulations is an interesting angle from which to understand the Greek mind. In particular, threats of sanctions can shed light on the values considered worth protecting.
Preface
Authors: Huskinson Janet 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This first part of the book comprises the catalogue of selected examples. This follows the subject classification adopted by Koch and Sichtermartn inRomische Sarkophage (KS), which is an arrangement also followed by recent major catalogues of sarcophagi such as those of the Louvre (1985) and the British Museum (1990). Schemes like this allow individual subjects to be discussed in tum, but they are often too rigid to make the most of the multilayered imagery of later Roman funerary art; some flexibility is needed, involving cross-referencing of material. Cupids, as we will see, are particularly resistant to compartmentalization in such schemes, given their varied relationship to human activities, so that a more flexible approach to their classification has been taken here than in some of these other volumes. This is also true for some other motifs and decorative schemes which have both ‘pagan’ and Christian examples.
Suitable Representations on Christian Sarcophagi
Authors: Huskinson Janet 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Turning to scenes on Christian child sarcophagi, we need to adjust to the different perspectives on life and death and on the child which Christianity entailed.1 The human experience of bereavement obviously continued, but it was set within a new ideology and a new artistic iconography which retained some pagan motifs but also developed biblical and generic images of its own.
Gods and men
Authors: Lyne R O A M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When I talked of Venus, Vulcan, and Allecto in the previous chapter, I may seem to some to have made assumptions about the gods of the Aeneid that need to be justified. Other scholars have very different views in this respect, as I shall shortly acknowledge. In this chapter, therefore, I shall present my view of the religion of the Aeneid in a more orderly fashion, but with the intention of focusing particularly on Jupiter: Jupiter and his relationship with other gods, Fate, and man. At the same time I shall be illustrating the workings of further voices in the text of the Aeneid.
Hippolytus 88-9
Authors: Diggle James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Barrett translates: ‘Lord-(1 address you thus because) it is the gods whom one should call master.’ M. L. West ( CR 15 (1965) 156) objects: ‘Why should the slave abstain from using the word “master” in its proper, everyday sense? No reason. What is more appropriate about “Lord”? Nothing.’
Bacchae 68-70
Authors: Diggle James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This passage has been universally misunderstood. The chorus of Lydian Bacchants enter the orchestra and, according to the commentators, preface their hymn with the following questions and instructions: ‘Who is in the road? Who is in the road? Who is in the house? Let him make way; and let every man hush his lips to holy silence.’
Cyclops
Authors: Diggle James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The plural Kŵ μol is inapposite, since Kŵ μol applied to a band of revellers is a collective noun and, however many times the band accompanied Dionysus, it is still the same Kŵ μol and not a plurality of Kŵ μol. Dobree’s and Bothe’s Kŵ μol must face the same objection.
P. Hibeh 179 and Heracles
Authors: Diggle James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Professor Richard Kannicht has cleverly identified certain fragments published as P. Hibeh 179 with lines from the Heracles of Euripides (ZPE 21 (1976) II7-33). His presentation of the papyrus evidence (aided by W. E. H. Cockle) is admirably thorough, and I have little to add to it. In several places the papyrus diverges from our sole manuscript, L. In some of these places its readings may be rejected; in one place it confirms an existing conjecture; and there is one further place where I believe, unlike Kannicht, that the papyrus is right and L is wrong.
Iphigenia in Tauris 159 ff.
Authors: Diggle James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In his article ‘Euripides, Friederich Bothe and Mr. Diggle’ ( QUCC 1 (1979) 157-9) David Sansone claims that in my ‘Notes on the Iphigenia in Tauris of Euripides’ (PCPS 22 (1976) 42-5 [above, pp. 148-51]) I ‘offended against the shades of Euripides, Friederich Bothe and ( quod minoris refert) Frederick Blaydes, by misunderstanding the poet and slighting the scholars’.
The Relationship between L and P in Heraclidae
Authors: Diggle James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1965 G. Zuntz published his brilliant demonstration of the working methods of the corrector ofL (Laur. 32. 2), whom eight years earlier A Turyn had identified as Demetrius Triclinius, in the ‘alphabetical’ plays of Euripides. Zuntz showed that Triclinius had made his corrections not on one occasion only but on three separate occasions.
The Prophet of Bacchus: Rhesus 970-3*
Authors: Diggle James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Muse foretells the final resting place of Rhesus. ‘He shall lie, hidden, in caves of the silver-veined land, a man-god, beholding the light.’ There is nothing to surprise us here: with subterranean heroes we are not unfamiliar. She proceeds with a comparison:’... just as the prophet of Bacchus took as his abode the rock of Pangaeum, an august god for those who know.’ Who is the prophet of Bacchus whose name the Muse denies us?
Phoenissae
Authors: Diggle James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
These notes should be read in conjunction with my review of the Teubner edition by D.J. Mastronarde (1988) in CR 40 (1990) 6-11 [below, pp. 353-61]. I cite the following selection of manuscripts, which give an adequate picture of the tradition: HMBOVACCrFGLPRRfSWXZT.
Review of Mastronarde, Eun’pides: Phoenissae
Authors: Diggle James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A substantial Praefatio gives an account of the manuscripts and their relationships and discusses orthographical and other editorial matters. The Praefatio is followed by a Conspectus Editionum Potiorum and a Conspectus Librorum, which lists everything that has ever been written on the text of the play. The text is followed by an Appendix Coniecturarum (updating and where necessary correcting Wecklein), a Conspectus Versuum Suspectorum (recording the proposer, and most of the supporters, of every deletion), and a Conspectus Metrorum, accompanied by occasional metrical notes. M.’s command of the literature on the play, and of scholarly work on tragedy in general, is very impressive.
Review of Gunther, Euripides: Iphigenia Aulidensis
Authors: Diggle James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The chief and very considerable merit of Dr Gunther’s edition lies in his painstaking reports ofL and P, and in particular of the activities in L of Triclinius. He not only assigns each of Triclinius’ corrections to the first, second, or third stage of his activities, wherever that is possible, but he also reports all of Triclinius’ metrical annotations and colometric alterations.
Rlzesus
Authors: Diggle James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I cite (from my own collations) the following manuscripts: 0 (Laur. 31. 10, late 12th cent.), V (Vat. gr. 909, c. 1250-80), L (Laur. 32. 2, early 14th cent.), P (Pal. gr. 287, early 14th cent.), Q (Harl. 5743, late 15th or early 16th cent.); and, where Vis missing, its apograph Va (Pal. gr. 98, 14th cent.).
Text and Translation
Authors: Dodds E R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For suppose a manifold in no way participating unity. Neither this manifold as a whole nor any of its several parts will be one; each part will itself be a manifold of parts, and so to infinity; and of this infinity of parts each, once more, will be infinitely manifold; for a manifold which in no way participates any unity, neither as a whole nor in respect of its parts severally, will be infinite in every way and in respect of every part. For each part of the manifold—take which you will—must be either one or not-one; and if note-one, then either many or nothing. But if each part be nothing, the whole is nothing; if many, it is made up of an infinity of infinites.
The Lifespan of the Hellenic Polis
Authors: Hansen Mogens Herman , Nielsen Thomas Heine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This investigation covers only a segment of the lifespan of the Hellenic polis, viz. the Archaic and Classical periods. We have deliberately not attempted to search for the origin of the polis during the Dark Ages or investigate the life of the polis during the Hellenistic and Roman periods (see 10 supra). But our analysis of the polis in the periods we cover is of course related to our views about the full time-scale of the polis. Therefore we have an obligation in this introduction briefly to expound our views about the history of the polis from its emergence to its demise.
The Inventory of Poleis
Authors: Hansen Mogens Herman , Nielsen Thomas Heine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To counteract the Athenocentric studies of the polis, one of the main objectives of the Copenhagen Polis Centre has been to build up an inventory of all poleis of the Archaic and Classical periods. The principal purpose of this investigation is to find out what the Greeks thought a polis was, and to compare that with what modern historians think a polis is (Hansen (1994a) 14–17). The concept of polis found in the sources ought, of course, to be the same as that in modern historiography. But this is far from always the case. Let us adduce just one example.
The Concept of Patris
Authors: Hansen Mogens Herman , Nielsen Thomas Heine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If asked what his “fatherland” is, a citizen of a modern state would hardly be in doubt about the answer. His fatherland is the “community of laws and institutions with a single political will” of which he is a member. This community is, as the family metaphor implies, “something to which one is naturally tied” and it has the emotional power to “inspire love, and often profoundly self-sacrificing love” as well as the right to ask for sacrifices.