bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Advanced Dictionary of Marketing
Authors: Dacko Scott G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This advanced dictionary of marketing focuses on leading-edge terminology for use by individuals who are serious about the theory and practice of marketing: researchers, directors, managers, and anyone studying marketing for a professional and/or academic qualification. Covering 1,098 terms, the dictionary includes over 500 major entries. All terms are extensively cross-referenced and thematic indices allow the reader to locate terms by their applications and by keywords. All major and emerging marketing approaches, from ambient marketing and fusion marketing, to tribal marketing and word-of-mouth marketing, are included, as are hundreds of other advanced concepts such as brand community, disintermediation, dynamic capabilities, and share of voice. Further, entries spanning 132 theories and 45 marketing-related laws and principles are presented, making this dictionary more theoretically complete than any other marketing dictionary available. Finally, an extensive collection of 107 marketing effects, such as the loyalty ripple effect and mere exposure effect are also included, where, in all cases, their marketing implications and applications are presented fully. Each term covered in this advanced dictionary includes six elements: Description -- how the term is defined Key insights -- important insights provided by an understanding of the term Keywords -- words to further understand the nature of the term Implications -- what knowledge of the term means to marketers Application areas and further readings -- areas where the term’s knowledge is being put to use Bibliography -- articles and books referenced Example entries include: Agency Theory, Audience Effect, Blog Marketing, Boomerang Effect, Confirmation Bias, Country of Origin Effect, Customer Equity, Disruptive Technology, Double Jeopardy Effect, Eclectic Paradigm, E-marketing, First Law of Marketing, Foot-in-the Door Technique, Free Rider Effect, Game Theory, Glocal Marketing, Green Marketing, Halo Effect, Honeymoon Effect, Law of Comparative Advantage, Leapfrogging, Market Entry Timing, Mega marketing, Metcalfe’s Law, Moore’s Law, Network Effect, Not Invented Here Syndrome, Odd Price Effect, Permission Marketing, Psychic Distance, Regency Principle, Retro-Marketing, Rule of Ten Percent, Sagacity Segmentation, Salutary Products, Snob Effect, Social Marketing, Stealth Marketing, Substitute Awareness Effect, Sunk Cost Fallacy, Sustainable Competitive Advantage, Value-Based Marketing, Viral Marketing, Winner’s Curse.
The Firm as a Collaborative Community
Authors: Heckscher Charles , S.Adler Paul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This volume explores the changing nature of community in modern corporations. Community within and between firms-the fabric of trust so essential to contemporary business-has long been based on loyalty. This loyalty has been largely destroyed by three decades of economic turbulence, downsizing, and restructuring. Yet community is more important than ever in an increasingly complex, knowledge-intensive economy. The thesis of this volume is that a new form of community is slowly emerging-one that is more flexible and wider in scope than the community of loyalty, and that transcends the limitations of both traditional Gemeinschaft and modern Gesellschaft. We call this form collaborative community. The trend towards collaborative community is difficult to detect amidst the ferocious forces of market and bureaucratic rationalization. But close analysis of some of America ‘s most successful corporations reveals three dimensions of the emerging form: a shared ethic of interdependent contribution: distinct from the uneasy mix of loyalty and individualism that prevailed for so long; a formalized set of norms of interdependent process management that include iterative co-design, metaphoric search, and systematic mutual understanding: distinct from both rigid authority hierarchies and informal log-rolling; An interdependent social identity that supports these organizational features: distinct from both dependent, traditionalistic identities and the independence of the autonomous self that is often associated with Western culture. This volume is a collaborative effort of leading scholars in organization studies to delineate the new form of community and the forces encouraging and constraining its growth. The contributors combine sociology and psychology theory with detailed analysis of business cases at the firm and inter-firm level.
‘Under the Rudest Form in Which We Can Conceive Man to Subsist’: The Scottish Enlightenment and the North American Indians
Authors: Bickham Troy O 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Whereas the English excelled at disseminating information about Indians through their extensive newspaper and periodical press network, prominent Scots succeeded in assimilating this information into an accessible, intellectual framework for widespread British audiences to digest. In the perspective of the Scottish Enlightenment, the American Indians were much more than curiosities living at the periphery of the empire: they were living windows on Europeans’ past. Key Scots philosophers fuelled British interest in the related investigations into their own historical origins and the reasons for the vast social and economic differences between the world’s cultures.
Guidance Without Constraint: Assessing the Impact of the Precautionary Principle on the European Community’s Chemicals Policy
Authors: Heyvaert Veerle 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What difference does precaution make? This chapter assesses the real impact of the precautionary principle on Community law and policy, inquiring as to whether the introduction of the precautionary principle in the 1992 Maastricht Treaty has brought any significant change in Community law- and policy-making, focusing on the control of chemical substances. It will be argued that, while chemicals policy contains a range of approaches that are compatible with a precautionary approach, there are virtually no cases where it can be comfortably asserted that the pertinent policy or rule would not have been adopted but for the precautionary principle. In addition, the article discusses the proliferation of a broad and moderate interpretation of the precautionary principle (precautionary principle sensu lato), which may foster acceptance of the principle, but risks compromising its prescriptive character. The precautionary principle has been a formal part of European Community (EC) law for the last twelve years. The principle sanctions regulatory action to protect health or environmental goals taken under conditions of uncertainty, in other words, in the absence of conclusive evidence of harm. Whereas the principle kept a fairly low profile during the first years after its incorporation in Article 130(r) of the Maastricht version of the EC Treaty (currently Article 174 EC), the last five years have witnessed its rise to prominence in policy, judicial, and academic circles. In 2000, the Commission devoted a Communication to the precautionary principle, and since then the principle has sprung up in virtually every health and environmental policy document issued by Community institutions, and frequently features in the preambles, and at times even in the actual binding text of new pieces of EC health and environmental legislation. The precautionary principle is the focus of burgeoning scholarship, and features with remarkable frequency in the case law of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) and the Court of First Instance (CFI). The 2002 Alpharma decision confirmed the status of the precautionary principle as a ‘central plank’ of Community policy; two months later the Artegodan judgment elevated it to a ‘general principle of Community law’. At the international level, the EC has, unsuccessfully, invoked the precautionary principle as a justification for its international trade restrictions on beef treated with hormones, and has, with greater success, championed the inclusion of the principle in, inter alia, the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety and the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollution, in the face of objections from other negotiating countries such as the United States (US) and Japan.
The Art of Public Strategy
Authors: Mulgan Geoff 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The strategies adopted by governments and public officials can have dramatic effects on peoples’ lives. The best ones can transform economic laggards into trailblazers, eliminate diseases, or sharply cut crime. Strategic failures can result in highly visible disasters, like the shrinking of the Russian economy in the 1990s, or the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans in 2005. This book is about how strategies take shape, and how money, people, technologies, and public commitment can be mobilized to achieve important goals. It considers the common mistakes made, and how these can be avoided, as well as analysing the tools governments can use to meet their goals, from targets and behaviour change programmes, to innovation and risk management. Written by Geoff Mulgan, a former head of policy for the UK prime minister, and advisor to governments round the world, it is packed with examples, and shaped by the author’s practical experience. The author shows that governments which give more weight to the long-term are not only more likely to leave their citizens richer, healthier, and safer; they’re also better protected from being blown off course by short-term pressures. The book is essential reading for anyone involved in running public organizations - from hospitals and schools to national government departments and local councils—and for anyone interested in how government really works.
The Interorganizational Context of Open Innovation
Authors: Vanhaverbeke Wim 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Open innovation is almost by definition related to the establishment of ties of innovating firms with other organizations. Companies are increasingly forced to team up with other companies to develop or absorb new technologies, commercialize new products, or simply to stay in touch with the latest technological developments. Firms are working more and more as part of broader networks to create customer value. Those networks are based on the collaborative efforts of specialist companies each providing complementary intermediate goods and services. As Information and Communication Technology (ICT) becomes a powerful technology, it allows those companies to be linked by sophisticated business-to-business information systems.
Knowledge Networks and the Geographic Locus of Innovation
Authors: West Caroline Simard Joel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A crucial goal of Open Innovation is to capture external knowledge that flows between organizations, allowing firms to be more successful at innovation than firms that close off such flows. As has been discussed in Part I, one goal of external innovation is to capture the value of internal knowledge transferred to other firms. In other cases, firms find it more efficient and effective to incorporate external knowledge rather than develop it internally. In the overall scope of innovation, most new ideas emerge from outside companies, and those that emerge inside can leave if not quickly captured (Chesbrough 2003a; Moore and Davis 2004). However, prior research on Open Innovation has mostly focused on the firm level of analysis and has not emphasized the role of the firm ‘s external institutional and geographic context in shaping the flows of knowledge that the firm can act on in pursuing an Open Innovation strategy.
Organizational Life: The Good, the Bad, and the Instrumental
Authors: Sayer Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Organizations as workplaces are inherently instrumental institutions, structured and oriented to meeting their goals, be they making proflt, as in the case of capitalist organizations, or pursuing what might be termed use-value ends, such as education or sport, in the case of nonproflt making organizations. In either case, no one expects employers to hire employees out of charity or respect; they are hired for their usefulness to the organization. Particularly in the face of competitive pressures and a changing environment, workplaces are commonly sites of insecurity, domination, overweening ambition and competitiveness, status seeking, callousness, strategizing, and dissembling ( Jackall 1988). They may also be sites of prejudice, discrimination, bullying, and harassment. Yet at the same time one may flnd sociability, moral concern, the pursuit and granting of esteem and respect, concern for justice, gift exchanges, commitments to causes, projects and people, and intrinsic satisfaction in work and its effects.
Knowledge Management’s Social Dimension: Lessons from Nucor Steel
Authors: Gupta Anil K , Govindarajan Vijay 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To sustain competitive advantage, a company must give people incentives to transfer their knowledge. A look at the innovative steel company Nucor and others suggests how to build a knowledge-sharing environment. A gap exists between the rhetoric of knowledge management and how knowledge is actually managed in organizations. There is widespread awareness of the economic value that creating and mobilizing intellectual capital can unleash. Yet, for most companies, the reality rarely matches the potential. As the CEO of a commercial-services company lamented in an interview, ·we provide pretty much the same services in every location.
Denmark, Norway, and Sweden
Authors: Hilson Mary 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In April 1814, 112 elected delegates assembled at Eidsvoll in Norway. Their task was to draft a constitution for a potentially independent Norwegian state, following the defeat of the Kingdom of Denmark, with which Norway had been united since 1380. The document which they eventually agreed was, for its time, one of the most liberal constitutions in Europe. It established a unicameral parliament (Storting) which possessed both tax-raising powers and a veto over the actions of the crown, elected by a democratic franchise which gave nearly half of adult male Norwegians the vote.¹
Nation-States and Wars
Authors: Leonhard Jörn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Research on the historical phenomenon of nationalism in Europe has, for a long time, concentrated mainly on single cases of nation-building or on the development of specific typologies, generating ideal types of nation-building processes. One of the most influential typological differentiations was that between political and cultural nations, a model which, based upon Friedrich Meinecke’s distinction between Staatsnation and Kulturnation had an important impact on West German perceptions of nation and nationality after 1945.² This distinction was also present in the apparently clear dichotomy between apparently typical Western and Eastern nationalisms.
Danish Stød Phonological and Cognitive Issues
Authors: Grønnum Nina , Basbøll Hans 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We believe that phonological descriptions gain in acceptability and viability if they can be shown to be reflected in the articulatory, acoustic, and perceptual reality of speakers and listeners. We also believe that phonological theory must ideally always couch its propositions in terms which lay them open to empirical scrutiny. Accordingly, we are compelled to attempt to verify or falsify any phonological statement that lends itself to empirical investigation (confining ourselves to Danish in this case).
Introduction and overview
Authors: Empson Laura , Popham Stuart 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Some parents dream of their children becoming lawyers. None ever dream of their children becoming law firm managers. Why would anyone want to manage a law firm? Your most important assets—expertise, reputation, and client relationships—belong to highly opinionated and highly mobile individuals, who typically have a strong sense of their own worth and prize their personal autonomy. They tend to have limited time or respect for management. If you do a good job they will not give you much credit for it; if they do not like what you do, they can get rid of you very quickly.
Your ethics
Authors: Greenwood Royston 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Law firms are not philanthropic organizations. Nor should they be. Like all enterprises within a market system, law firms strive for commercial success. In fact, the very best of them are as successful as the more high profile publicly traded corporations. Yet, law firms are also supposed to temper pursuit of commercial goals by observance of a code of ethical principles that defines ‘professional’ and ‘unprofessional’ behaviour. In common with other professional service firms, law firms are expected to embrace a commitment beyond the commercial interests of any single firm, to the ‘profession’ at large. This notion may be idealized and has been challenged (as noted below), but it is distinctive of how lawyers talk about their work. In this chapter, I argue that the balance (‘tension’ might be a more appropriate term) between commercial and professional values may have been disturbed by the organizational and managerial changes described in this book, to the detriment of professional behaviour.
Complement Clause Type and Complementation Strategy in Jarawara
Authors: Dixon R M W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Jarawara has just one type of complement clause (and a minor complementation strategy, for indirect speech). If the last vowel in the predicate is a, this is raised to i as a mark that it is a complement clause (note that all syllables are CV and there are four vowels, i, e, a, and o). Throughout this chapter, the predicate (of a main clause or of a complement clause) is enclosed within braces, { . . . }, a multi-word NP within square brackets, [ ...] and—as else-where in the volume—a complement clause within angle brackets, &lt; ... &gt;.
Complement Clause Types and Complementation Strategy in Dolakha Newar
Authors: Genetti Carol 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Newar is a Tibeto-Burman language with about 800,000 speakers spoken in the Kingdom of Nepal. The majority of the Newar population is found in the Kathmandu Valley, the Newar ancestral home. There are a number of Newar villages throughout Nepal, many of which have distinct language varieties. Dolakha is one such village. It is located approximately 140 kilometres north-east of Kathmandu. The variety of Newar spoken in Dolakha is mutually unintelligible with the varieties spoken in the Kathmandu Valley, so on these grounds Dolakha Newar can be considered a separate language as opposed to a separate dialect. Members of the Dolakha Newar community estimate that there are about 5,000 speakers of Dolakha Newar. Many of them have left the village and now reside in Kathmandu and other parts of Nepal. The language is still in use within this tightly knit community; however, most of the children are not learning to speak it.
The Concept of Mass Claims and the Specificity of Mass Claims Resolution
Authors: Das Hans 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
International mass claims programs have mushroomed over the last decade. The creation of the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal in 1981 is usually seen as the starting point for this new trend. The United Nations Compensation Commission (“UNCC”) was established in 1991 to resolve claims resulting from the Iraqi invasion and occupation of Kuwait. The UNCC, which resolved 2.6 million claims, is the largest mass claims program established to date.
Virtue Out of Necessity: International Mass Claims and New Uses of Information Technology
Authors: Heiskanen Veijo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
International mass claims programs are not a new phenomenon. Large-scale claims programs, known as mixed arbitral tribunals and mixed claims commissions, were a standard method of resolving international claims in the late nineteenth century and after World War I. The Boxer Commission, the United States-Mexican Claims Commission, the United States-German Mixed Claims Commission, and many other mixed arbitral tribunals and claims commissions were created during that era. For a number of reasons, international claims commissions “fell out of fashion” after World War II.
Mass Claims Processes: Lessons Learned Over Twenty-Five Years
Authors: Crook john R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The other fine submissions in this volume address a range of detailed questions relating to recent mass claims processes. This contribution has a different focus. It is a personal reflection on the international mass claims experiences of the last quarter century, including both their accomplishments and their limitations. The purpose is not to describe the historic wrongs that underlay particular programs, the steps leading to their establishment, or the details of their operation. Instead, the goal is to sketch the recent development and spread of mass claims processing techniques and institutions operating outside of the frameworks of national judicial systems.
Codifying the Rights of Victims in International Law: Remedies and Reparation
Authors: Echeverria Gabriela 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The “Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of lnternational Humanitarian Law” (“Principles and Guidelines”) are the first international instrument codifying the rights of victims in international law.
Their recent adoption, on April 19, 2005, by the 61st session of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights (the “Commission”), has contributed greatly to the consolidation of international law and practice governing the rights of victims to a remedy and reparations. During the past two decades, various UN Charter-based human rights bodies have struggled with complex legal issues emerging from demands for remedial justice.
War and Survival in Sudan’s Frontierlands
Authors: James Wendy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book completes a trilogy by the anthropologist Wendy James. It is a case study of how the Uduk-speaking people, originally from the Blue Nile region between the ‘north’ and the ‘south’ of Sudan, have been caught up in and displaced by a generation of civil war. Some have responded by defending their nation, others by joining the armed resistance of the Sudan People’s Liberation Army, and yet others eventually finding security as international refugees in Ethiopia, and even further afield in countries such as the USA. Sudan’s peace agreement of 2005 leaves much uncertainty for the future of the whole country, as conflict still rages in Darfur. The Uduk case shows how people who once lived together now try to maintain links across borders and even continents through modern communications, and where possible recreate their ‘traditional’ forms of story-telling, music, and song.
Factors Influencing Advances in Basic and Applied Research: Variation due to Diversity in Research Profiles
Authors: Jordan Gretchen B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Despite the increasing importance of basic and applied research to the economy and to national defense, despite increased calls world wide for accountability and demonstration of results, particularly for publicly funded re- search, and despite the increasing diversity of research laboratories, there is no adequate theory about what factors influence advances in science, or how the different structures and strategies of research laboratories or units influence those advances. There is not even agreement on how to describe the strategies or intended outcomes, or how to measure the outcomes of these science advances.