bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CD72 is a pan‐tumor antigen associated to pediatric acute leukemia
Authors: Buldini Barbara , Faggin Giovanni , Porcù Elena , Scarparo Pamela , Polato Katia , Tregnago Claudia , Varotto Elena , Rizzardi Paolo , Rizzari Carmelo , Locatelli Franco , Biffi Alessandra , Pigazzi Martina 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn the development of novel immunotherapeutic approaches, the step of target identification is a challenging process, because it aims at identifying robust tumor‐associated antigens (TAAs) specific for the pathological population and causing no off‐target effects. Here we propose CD72 as a novel and robust TAA for pediatric acute leukemias. We provided an outline of CD72 expression assessed by flow cytometry on a variety of cancer cell lines and primary samples, including normal bone marrow (BM) samples and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. We analyzed CD 72 expression on a cohort of 495 pathological pediatric BM aspirates, including: 215 B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemias (BCP‐ALL), 156 acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs), 88 T‐lineage ALLs or lymphoblastic lymphomas with BM infiltration, 13 B‐lineage lymphoblastic lymphomas with BM infiltration, 9 myelodysplastic syndromes with increased blasts (5%–9% blasts on BM: MDS‐IB1) and 14 non‐hematopoietic solid tumors infiltrating BM. Results showed that CD72 is highly expressed in almost all BCP‐ALL and the majority of AML at diagnosis, including BCP‐ALL cases characterized by CD19 loss. These findings support a potential role for advanced diagnostics and novel immunotherapy approaches, providing a pan‐ALL and AML target.
Fibroblast‐derived growth factors and exosomes as cosmeceuticals
Authors: Mehta Rahul C. , Kadoya Kuniko , Maitra Prithwiraj , Goberdhan Lisa T. , Makino Elizabeth T. , Naughton Gail K. , Goldman Mitchel P. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionFibroblast (FB)‐derived growth factors have been successfully used in skincare to improve the appearance of aged and photodamaged skin for over 20 years. Conditioned media from FB culture, used as a source of growth factors in these early products, also contain extracellular vesicles including bioactive exosomes. Exosomes are tiny extracellular vesicles that have been isolated from the secretome of human‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), adipose‐derived stem cells, or fibroblasts for potential clinical application in wound healing, skin rejuvenation, skin disease, pigmentation, and hair growth.PurposeHere, we review the potential application of dermal FB‐derived growth factors and exosomes in maintaining the structure and function of healthy skin. Specifically, we discuss how to collect and characterize FB‐derived exosomes, formulation considerations for skincare products that may contain exosomes, and provide preliminary data to support its clinical use in improving skin quality.ResultsExosomes were successfully isolated from FB secretome and characterized for their content, markers, biological activity, and clinical effects. Condition of growth medium affected exosomes compositions and properties. Product containing 98 billion EVs /mL used twice a day for 12 weeks resulted in statistically significant improvement in all skin aging parameters tested including wrinkles, roughness, sagging and laxity.ConclusionOverall, active exosomes can be identified along with growth factors in the secretome of dermal fibroblasts and may provide an additional benefit for aging skin if its biological activity remains stable in the product formulation.
A scoping review of psychological interventions and outcomes for avoidant and restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID)
Authors: Willmott Emma , Dickinson Rachel , Hall Celine , Sadikovic Kevser , Wadhera Emily , Micali Nadia , Trompeter Nora , Jewell Tom 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis scoping review identifies and describes psychological interventions for avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) and summarizes how outcomes are measured across such interventions.MethodFive databases (Cochrane, Embase, Medline, PsycInfo, Web of Science) were searched up to December 22, 2022. Studies were included if they reported on psychological interventions for ARFID. Studies were excluded if participants did not have an ARFID diagnosis and if psychological interventions were not delivered or detailed.ResultsFifty studies met inclusion criteria; almost half were single‐case study designs (23 studies) and most studies reported on psychological interventions for children and adolescents with ARFID (42 studies). Behavioral interventions (16 studies), cognitive‐behavioral therapy (10 studies), and family therapy (5 studies), or combinations of these therapeutic approaches (19 studies) were delivered to support patients with ARFID. Many studies lacked validated measures, with outcomes most commonly assessed via physical health metrics such as weight.DiscussionThis review provides a comprehensive summary of psychological interventions for ARFID since its introduction to the DSM‐5. Across a range of psychological interventions and modalities for ARFID, there were common treatment components such as food exposure, psychoeducation, anxiety management, and family involvement. Currently, studies reporting on psychological interventions for ARFID are characterized by small samples and high levels of heterogeneity, including in how outcomes are measured. Based on reviewed studies, we outline suggestions for clinical practice and future research.Public SignificanceAvoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is an eating disorder characterized by avoidance or restriction of food due to fear, sensory sensitivities, and/or a lack of interest in food. We reviewed the literature on psychological interventions for ARFID and the outcomes used to measure change. Several psychological interventions have been developed and applied to patients with ARFID. Outcome measurement varies widely and requires further development and greater consensus.
Hydroxynitrile Lyase Discovery, Engineering, and Promiscuity towards Asymmetric Synthesis: Recent Progress
Authors: Priya Badipatla Vishnu , Padhi Santosh Kumar 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHydroxynitrile lyases (HNLs) primarily catalyze the stereoselective synthesis of cyanohydrins, but some of them also carry out asymmetric nitroaldol synthesis (Henry reaction). By virtue of the importance of asymmetric C−C bond formation, and the wide application of chiral cyanohydrins and β‐nitroalcohols, HNLs have gained significance in organic synthesis. Over the years new HNLs have been discovered and their synthetic scope are evaluated. Engineering of HNLs has contributed towards increasing not only the catalytic toolbox but also broad substrate selectivity, stereoselectivity, enzyme stability, and application of the enzymes for different transformations other than the conventional ones. This review describes the recent discoveries of diverse hydroxynitrile lyases (HNLs) and the developments to date since 2016, with respect to their biocatalytic applications in the asymmetric synthesis using both natural and promiscuous reactions.
Simultaneous quantification of six flavouring agents in herbal freshness gel toothpaste by gas chromatography
Authors: Tiwari Sumit , Sareen Vishal , Sharma Yamini , Sindhi Neha , Bandyopadhyay Prasun , Mitra Ranjan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThere are many methods reported to identify and quantify volatile compounds. Many of them are based on chromatographic techniques, such as high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC‐FID), and GC coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS). But among all GC‐FID and GC–MS are majorly used for the detection and quantification of volatile compounds. A new gas chromatographic method has been developed for simultaneous determination of six flavouring agents [menthol, benzyl alcohol, methyl salicylate, anethole, menthol carboxamide (WS‐3) and eugenol] in herbal freshness gel toothpaste. All six flavours were separated using a DB‐WAX (Agilent) capillary GC column (30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 μm) and flame ionization detector (FID). This method was validated for various parameters such as precision, linearity, accuracy, stability, robustness, limit of detection, and limit of quantification as per ICH guidelines, AOAC internationals Appendix K. All the validation parameters were found to be within acceptable limits. The method was successfully applied for the quantification of all flavouring agents in toothpaste formulations.
Factors associated with child and maternal dietary diversity in the urban areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Haque Sadika , Salman Md. , Hossain Md. Shakhawat , Saha Sourav Mohan , Farquhar Samantha , Hoque Md. Nazmul , Zaman Nafisa , Hira Fatema Tuj Zohora , Hasan Md. Mehedi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDietary diversity is an indicator of nutrition that has been found positively associated with diet quality, micronutrient adequacy, and improved maternal health and child growth. Due to the cultural responsibility of women in providing food at the household level, their status is very important to perform this role. Hence, this study has been conducted on the status of dietary diversity of the mother and child to understand how it relates to various factors of women in urban settings. Data were obtained from 1978 mother–child pairs living in different cities in Bangladesh. The foods taken by the women and children were categorized into 10 and 7 groups to measure women's dietary diversity (WDD) and children's dietary diversity (CDD), respectively. The study found that more than three‐fourths of the mothers and half of the children had low dietary diversity. The household wealth holdings and access to resources by the women were found inadequate, while two‐thirds of them had the lowest to medium level of nutritional knowledge. The binomial logistic regression model was used to measure the factors influencing WDD and CDD. The findings also indicated that children's dietary diversity was influenced by the mother's age, education, supportive attitude and behavior of husband, and access to and control over resources. While the household wealth index can enhance both child and mother's dietary variety, nutrition knowledge, dietary counseling, and access to and control over resources can improve maternal dietary diversity. This study recommends improving women's socioeconomic status by increasing their wealth and access to resources and enhancing their nutrition knowledge by providing food and nutrition counseling.
The impact of integrated care on health care utilization and costs in a socially deprived urban area in Germany: A difference‐in‐differences approach within an event‐study framework
Authors: Ress Vanessa , Wild Eva‐Maria 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe investigated the impact of an integrated care initiative in a socially deprived urban area in Germany. Using administrative data, we empirically assessed the causal effect of its two sub‐interventions, which differed by the extent to which their instruments targeted the supply and demand side of healthcare provision. We addressed confounding using propensity score matching via the Super Learner machine learning algorithm. For our baseline model, we used a two‐way fixed‐effects difference‐in‐differences approach to identify causal effects. We then employed difference‐in‐differences analyses within an event‐study framework to explore the heterogeneity of treatment effects over time, allowing us to disentangle the effects of the sub‐interventions and improve causal interpretation and generalizability. The initiative led to a significant increase in hospital and emergency admissions and non‐hospital outpatient visits, as well as inpatient, non‐hospital outpatient, and total costs. Increased utilization may indicate that the intervention improved access to care or identified unmet need.
Re‐emergence of Lassa fever in Nigeria: A new challenge for public health authorities
Authors: Naeem Aroma , Zahid Shafaq , Hafeez Muhammad Hassan , Bibi Arifa , Tabassum Shehroze , Akilimali Aymar 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Lassa virus is an RNA virus belonging to the Arenaviridae family. It is responsible for Lassa fever, an acute viral zoonosis of the severe hemorrhagic fever type with manifestations of fever, muscle pain, sore throat, nausea, vomiting, and chest and abdominal pain. Lassa fever is endemic in West Africa, where the first case was reported in 1969 in Lassa, a town in Nigeria, more than 50 years ago, and it is estimated that nearly 5000 deaths occur in West Africa each year. Nigeria is one of the endemic hotspots and has experienced numerous recurrent outbreaks of Lassa fever due to the increased multiplication of the host reservoir, Mastomys natalensis. For the Lassa epidemics in 2022 and January 2023 alone, Nigeria accounts for a quarter of the annual deaths from this disease. Poor lifestyle and hygiene, difficulty in diagnosis due to nonspecific symptomatology, lack of effective treatment based on clinical evidence, an ineffective human immunization program combined with a health system that is not adapted or equipped to control and prevent recurrent deadly epidemics, and an outdated regional disease surveillance system in West Africa are some of the challenges that must be overcome to rapidly and effectively eradicate this disease, whose area of spread is constantly expanding as a result of the movement of populations in the context of economic and socio‐cultural activities.
High‐performance ferroelectric based materials via high‐entropy strategy: Design, properties, and mechanism
Authors: Zhang Yueyun , Chen Liang , Liu Hui , Deng Shiqing , Qi He , Chen Jun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHigh‐performance ferroelectric materials are widely used in various electronic devices owing to the function of mutual conversion among different energies, which mainly relates to their special structure gene of polarization configuration. Recent researches show that the high‐entropy strategy has emerged as an effective and flexible approach for boosting physical properties in high‐entropy ferroelectrics via the delicate design of local polarization configurations and other intrinsic effects caused by entropy increment, such as entropy stabilization, lattice disorder, inhibition of grain coarsening, improved mechanical properties, cocktail effect, and so on. In this review, the recent research progress about high‐entropy ferroelectrics has been summarized, especially for the directional design of novel local polarization configurations according to the characteristics of different electrical properties such as high piezoelectricity, high‐efficiency energy storage, and large electrostriction, providing a guidance for designing and exploring more novel local polarization configurations in high‐entropy ferroelectrics for generating higher performance.image
Comparison of Ramipril and Enalapril in Patients With Essential Hypertension
Authors: Ruddy Michael C. , Mroczek William J. 
Published: October 2023

Study Objective. To compare the clinical safety and efficacy of ramipril, a new long‐acting nonsulfhydryl inhibitor of angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE), with enalapril.Design. A randomized, double‐blind trial.Setting. Multicenter trial involving 4 large teaching hospitals and 12 community medical centers.Patients. One hundred fifty‐nine patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension were enrolled. Two patients were excluded from the efficacy analysis because they failed to return for follow‐up.Interventions. Patients were randomized to receive ramipril 2.5, 5, or 10 mg, or enalapril 5, 10, or 20 mg once/day for 3 or 4 weeks.Measurements and Main Results. At baseline, supine diastolic blood pressures ranged from 98–116 mm Hg. Supine and standing systolic blood pressures were reduced by 11.8 and 10.2 mm Hg with ramipril 10 mg (p≤0.001) and 9.3 and 10.7 mm Hg with enalapril 20 mg (p≤0.001). At the end of the 4‐week trial, patients in all six dosage groups had clinically and statistically significant reductions in supine diastolic blood pressure compared with baseline values. The agents did not differ significantly with respect to their blood pressure‐lowering effects. Both lowered plasma ACE activity; after 4 weeks, changes from baseline were highly significant for all dosage groups (p≤0.001).Conclusion. Ramipril was as effective in reducing blood pressure and was as well tolerated as enalapril. A larger average decrease in plasma ACE activity was achieved with ramipril over all dosages (71%) compared with that for enalapril (48%), suggesting that ramipril has greater ACE inhibition in the circulation.
Low‐Volume Whole Bowel Irrigation and Salicylate Absorption: A Comparison With Ipecac‐Charcoal
Authors: Olsen Keith M. , Ma Frank H. , Ackerman Bruce H. , Stull Richard E. 
Published: October 2023

Study Objective. To evaluate two methods of gastrointestinal decontamination, low‐volume whole bowel irrigation (WBI) and activated charcoal, for their ability to prevent absorption of salicylate.Design. Randomized, two‐phase crossover study.Setting. A clinical research unit in a university‐based teaching hospital.Patients. Six healthy, volunteer men.Interventions. Subjects were assigned to receive 3000 ml WBI or syrup of ipecac 30 ml followed by activated charcoal 50 g in sorbitol, and were crossed over to the other treatment phase after 1 week. All treatments began 30 minutes after ingestion of 3.25 g aspirin. Urine was collected over 24 hours for analysis of total urinary excretion of salicylate. Serial blood samples were collected for salicylate determination and were subjected to pharmacokinetic analysis.Measurements and Main Results. Mean ± SD recovery of salicylate were WBI 48.6 ± 5.4% and ipecac‐charcoal 37.0 ± 2.6% from urine (p<0.01).Conclusion. Ipecac‐charcoal produced a significantly lower salicylate absorption (peak concentration, AUC) than WBI (p<0.01) and thus was superior to low‐volume WBI.
Relationship Between Pain Severity and Serum β‐Endorphin Levels in Postoperative Patients
Authors: Leonard Theresa M. , Klem Stephen A. , Asher Marc A. , Rapoff Michael A. , Leff Richard D. 
Published: October 2023

Study Objective. To examine the relationship among postoperative pain severity, serum β‐endorphin level, and serum morphine level in pediatric patients after posterior spinal fusion with instrumentation.Design. A prospective study.Setting. University‐based medical center.Patients. Ten patients age 13–17 years admitted for posterior spinal fusion with instrumentation.Interventions. Each subject was administered an initial dose of intravenous morphine 100 μg/kg, followed by a constant infusion of 50 μg/kg/hour. The primary physician was allowed to titrate the dosage as required to meet the patient's requirement for analgesia. Whole blood was obtained for the analysis of serum morphine and β‐endorphin levels preoperatively, after the initial morphine dose, 24 hours after initiation of the infusion, and before any change in dosage. At each blood sampling time, pain severity ratings were obtained from the subject, nurse, and parent using a 10‐point linear scale.Measurements and Main Results. No statistical difference between serum β‐endorphin values preoperatively and after the initial dose of morphine was observed; mean values were 68 and 60 pg/ml, respectively. The relationships between serum β‐endorphin level and pain scores were statistically significant only for self (subject) pain scores (p=0.014, r=‐0.30). Mean serum morphine level was 21.9 ng/ml for patients with self pain scores of 4 or less.Conclusion. The clinical usefulness of serum β‐endorphin as a measure of pain severity was not established under the experimental conditions of this study.
Cefepime Pharmacokinetics in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Hamelin Bettina A. , Moore Nathalie , Knupp Catherine A. , Ruel Michel , Vallée François , LeBel Marc 
Published: October 2023

Study Objective. To determine the disposition of cefepime in patients with cystic fibrosis compared with healthy controls.Design. Open‐label, single‐dose study.Setting. Laboratoire de Pharmacocinétique Clinique, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.Patients and Subjects. Twelve patients with the confirmed diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF) and 12 healthy volunteers. One subject with CF withdrew for personal reasons; the data of another patient were excluded from the evaluation of renal values due to incomplete urine collection.Interventions. A single 2000‐mg dose of cefepime was administered as a 30‐minute intravenous infusion. Healthy subjects did not use any other drugs throughout the study. Those with CF refrained from taking prophylactic antibiotics prior to and during the study, but continued to use pancreatic enzymes, multivitamins, and β‐agonist and/or steroid inhalers. One patient continued insulin treatment.Measurements and Main Results. Cefepime's maximum concentration was approximately 150 μg/ml at the end of the infusion, half‐life 2‐2.5 hours, and urinary recovery 80% in both groups. No statistically significant difference was seen in any of the pharmacokinetic values between the groups, except for the mean residence time (2.03 ± 0.26 vs 2.39 ± 0.37 hrs; p<0.02). Total clearance was 19% higher in patients with CF than in healthy volunteers (119.7 ± 20.1 vs 103.5 ± 19.8 ml/min), perhaps due to higher renal (95.1 ± 12.4 vs 85.1 ± 12.0 ml/min) and/or nonrenal (25.4 ± 13.1 vs 18.4 ± 12.0 ml/min) clearances in subjects with CF.Conclusions. The disposition of cefepime is not significantly affected by CF, and dosage adjustment appears not to be necessary in these patients.
Racial Differences in the Pharmacokinetics of Methylprednisolone in Black and White Renal Transplant Recipients
Authors: Tornatore Kathleen M. , Reed Kristine A. , Venuto Rocco C. 
Published: October 2023

Study Objective. To examine the comparative pharmacokinetics of long‐term methylprednisolone therapy in black and white renal transplant recipients.Design. Comprehensive pharmacokinetic evaluations of patients who participated in our glucocorticoid‐monitoring program.Setting. University‐based renal transplantation clinic.Patients. Six white renal transplant recipients with stable renal function, sex‐and (approximate) age‐matched with six preselected black patients.Interventions. The daily oral methylprednisolone dose for each patient was administered intravenously, and serial plasma samples were obtained over 24 hours.Measurements and Main Results. Methylprednisolone was analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography. The drug's pharmacokinetics in black and white patients, respectively, were as follows: mean clearance 234 ± 124 and 472 ± 180 ml/hr/kg (p<0.05); volume of distribution 0.3‐2.0 and 0.8‐2.0 L/kg; and elimination rate constant 0.13‐0.41 and 0.27‐0.42 hour−1 (p<0.06). No statistical difference was noted in the last two parameters. The mean half‐life of 3.4 ± 1.4 hours in black patients compared with 2.1 ± 0.3 hours in white patients approached statistical significance (p<0.08).Conclusions. These preliminary observations suggest that the disposition of methylprednisolone differs between black and white renal transplant recipients. The current method of prescribing glucocorticoids employs a fixed‐dose regimen that does not take these possible interracial differences into consideration. Incorporating the differences may allow for more individualized dosing and more efficacious use of the agent in this patient population.