bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation on the Impact of Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) on Climate Research: Case Study in Malaysia
Authors: TUKIMAT NURUL NADRAH AQILAH , Azman Azreen Harina , Othman Ahmad Saifuddin , Abu Nor Nabila , Rahmat Siti Nazahiyah , Kasmin Hartini , Sah Samera Samsuddin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

This study evaluated the role of RCPs as a significant development in the climate research. RCP presents different scenarios based on specific radiation forcing that would lead to the climate formulations known as RCP2.6 (2.6W/m2), RCP4.5 (4.5W/m2) and RCP8.5 (8.5W/m2). In recent years, Malaysia has conducted climate research using Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) under the A1B scenario. To address the AR4's flaws, these situations had been updated, and the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) had been launched since 2014. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to investigate the impact of RCPs on the climate generation and to identify the suitable radiation level for Malaysia. The study used statistical climate model (SDSM) as a climate driver to downscale the long-term local climates with regard to the possible emission changes in the local weather. According to the findings, 4 out of 10 states agreed that the RCP2.6 had a good association to the regional climate with higher R (> 0.8) and lower %MAE (< 23%). This result demonstrated that the RCPs plays a main role in the long-term climate assessment.
Electrochemical ohmic memristors for continual learning
Authors: Valov Ilia , Chen Shaochuan , Yang Zhen , Hartmann Heinrich , Besmehn Astrid , Yang Yuchao 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Developing versatile and reliable memristive devices is crucial for advancing future memory and computing architectures. The years of intensive research have still not reached and demonstrated their full horizon of capabilities, and new concepts are essential for successfully using the complete spectra of memristive functionalities in industrial applications. The physicochemical complexity of these nanoscale systems makes control over performance and functionalities difficult where fundamental interactions and mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we report on the discovery of a new switching mechanism that in contrast to other memristive devices uses low-work-function electrodes to create metal/oxide interfaces with minimal Schottky barrier heights. The novel two-terminal Ohmic memristor operation is based entirely on localized electrochemical redox reactions. The device is characterised by essential advantages such as ultra-stable binary and analogue switching with high OFF/ON ratio, broad voltage stability window, low forming voltages and high temperature stability. We demonstrate the multifunctional properties enabled by the new mechanism can be effectively used to overcome the catastrophic forgetting problem as a significant and fundamental issue in conventional deep neural networks as connectionist models. Our findings represent a new milestone in the resistive switching fundamentals and provide a new approach for the design of a memristive system, expanding the horizon of functionalities, enabling more effective emulation of the metaplasticity concept in neuroscience.
Classification of fish freshness using a convolutional neural network
Authors: Flores Edwin Wilson Mamani , Huisa Roger Pedraza 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
At work, the freshness of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was analyzed, this aspect being very important to determine its quality. The objective is to propose a computational model based on a CNN to classify the freshness of the trout based on changes in the color of their eyes and gills. For this purpose, a dataset of images with acquired trout was created. To obtain the results, three experiments were conducted: the first with 2 classes (days 1 and 9), the second with 3 classes (days 1, 5, and 9), and the third with 5 classes (days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9). All experi- ments were carried out in Google Colab. The results were validated using a confusion matrix ROC curve. The best results were obtained by the ResNeXt5032x4d model, with 2 classes achieving an accuracy of 0.9833, with 3 classes an accuracy of 0.9222, and with 5 classes an accuracy of 0.8800.
Productivity nexus economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: Panel ARDL and GMM Approaches
Authors: Worku Urgaia 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

This study examines the role of total factor productivity with other major determinants on economic growth in the SSA over the period 1990–2022 using panel ARDL, GMM and their extended asymmetric non-linear ARDL and GMM models. The asymmetric non-linear ARDL and GMM are more superior to the counterpart ARDL and GMM symmetric models in the long-run than the short-run estimation, ensuring more efficient and reliable information regarding economic growth analysis. Finally, the robust dynamic inter-temporal Granger causality tests show that asymmetrically there are bi-directional causality between the growth rate of an upward movement in total factor productivity and real GDP as well as between a downward movement in the growth rate of terms of trade and real GDP growth rate. These empirical results are extremely important indicators for the SSA governments that should enhance total factor productivity and terms of trade is a policy suggestion of this research.
The carbon footprint of cataract surgery pathways in England: an observational study using administrative data
Authors: Gray William , Hove Maria van , Begum Hasina , Phull Manraj ,   Jonathan Bhargava1, Chang Lydia , Briggs Tim 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
The National Health Service (NHS) in England has set a target to be net zero for carbon emissions by 2040. The aim of this study was to investigate the estimated difference between the carbon footprint of the Getting It Right First Time (GIRFT) High Volume Low Complexity (HVLC) pathway for cataract surgery and current practice.
Methods
Retrospective analysis of administrative data. Data were extracted from the Hospital Episode Statistics database for all elective cataract surgery procedures conducted in England from 1st April 2021 to 31st March 2022.
Results
The England average carbon footprint was 100.0 kgCO2e (ranging from 74.8 kgCO2e – 128.0 kgCO2e depending on Integrated Care Board). Had all Integrated Care Boards adhered to the GIRFT HVLC pathway, then 17.5 kilotonsCO2e would have been saved in 2021-22. The main limitation of our study is that only key elements of the cataract surgery pathway were included in the analysis.
Conclusions
Even in a standardised healthcare pathway such as cataract surgery and within a publicly funded national healthcare system, significant differences in practice exist. With this paper we have demonstrated that tackling this unwarranted variation and adhering to the GIRFT HVLC pathway where possible has the potential to reduce the carbon footprint of cataract surgery.
Atomically Resolved Trajectories of a Bimolecular Photochemical Reaction
Authors: Miller R. J. Dwayne , Xian Rui Patrick , Hayes Stuart , Corthey Gaston , Marx Alexander , Daoud Hazem , Morrison Carole , Lu Cheng 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Bimolecular processes are ubiquitous in chemistry but incredibly difficult to study with the spatio-temporal resolution required to record molecular movies. Mechanistic studies on ultrafast timescales have been carried out predominantly in the liquid state, either by spectroscopic1,2 or structural3 methods, but this approach is inherently limited to the picosecond time domain due to the wide distribution of orientations and positions of the reactant molecules, causing timing uncertainty between collisional encounters that cannot be disentangled4. The prospect of atomically resolving bimolecular collision trajectories would seem out of reach as it demands not just the utmost in terms of temporal and spatial resolution, but also strong signal to detect small changes and well-defined initial states to ensure minimal signal overlap in space or time that can blur out collisional details. Here, we exploit solid-state spatial alignment to track a photoinduced bimolecular disproportionation reaction involving two pairs of adjacent triiodide molecular anions (I3-) using femtosecond electron diffraction5,6. We succeeded in reconstructing atomic coordinates from the diffraction data, uncovering the real-space transfer of iodine liberated by photodissociation of I3- and captured by its nearest neighbour, yielding a metastable tetraiodide species (I4−) within one picosecond.
Numerical study of mortar reinforced with carbon fibers: a decoupled thermomechanical model to obtain the stress intensity factor
Authors: Sousa Fábio , Macedo Alcebiades 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Mortar is a building material with low tensile strength e fracture resistance. One method for improving these characteristics is to include synthetic fibers, such as carbon fibers, into the matrix.
Materials and methods
A thermomechanical numerical model for mortar reinforced with carbon fibers was created based on an experiment in the literature, where it was calibrated and validated. From this, damage mechanics were analyzed using XFEM; the material's stress intensity factor at 20°C, 250°, and 350°C were analyzed using FEM.
Results
The results for the numerical model using XFEM agree with the experiment. Regarding the Stress intensity factor, the highest value found was for room temperature, and the lowest was for 250°C.
Conclusion
The numerical methods presented can be used in thermomechanical models in mortar reinforced with carbon fibers, and the intensity factor behaves non-linearly with temperature change.
Intelligent machines work in unstructured environments by differential neuromorphic computing
Authors: Occhipinti Luigi , Wang Shengbo , Gao Shuo , Tang Chenyu , Occhipinti Edoardo , Li Cong , Wang Shurui , Wang Jiaqi , Zhao Hubin , Hu Guohua , Nathan Arokia , Dahiya Ravinder 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Efficient operation of intelligent machines in the real world requires methods that allow them to understand and predict the uncertainties presented by the unstructured environments with good accuracy, scalability and generalization, similar to humans. Current methods rely on pretrained networks instead of continuously learning from the dynamic signal properties of working environments and suffer inherent limitations, such as data-hungry procedures, and limited generalization capabilities. Herein, we present a memristor-based differential neuromorphic computing, perceptual signal processing and learning method for intelligent machines. The main features of environmental information such as amplification (> 720%) and adaptation (< 50%) of mechanical stimuli encoded in memristors, are extracted to obtain human-like processing in unstructured environments. The developed method takes advantage of the intrinsic multi-state property of memristors and exhibits good scalability and generalization, as confirmed by validation in two different application scenarios: object grasping and autonomous driving. In the former, a robot hand experimentally realizes safe and stable grasping through fast learning (in ~ 1 ms) the unknown object features (e.g., sharp corner and smooth surface) with a single memristor. In the latter, the decision-making information of 10 unstructured environments in autonomous driving (e.g., overtaking cars, pedestrians) is accurately (94%) extracted with a 40×25 memristor array. By mimicking the intrinsic nature of human low-level perception mechanisms, the electronic memristive neuromorphic circuit-based method, presented here shows the potential for adapting to diverse sensing technologies and helping intelligent machines generate smart high-level decisions in the real world.
Universal Submerged Arc Welding (USAW): High Weaving Amplitudes as a New Possibilities to Saw Process
Authors: Cunha Tiago Vieira da , Rode Ana Clara , Voigt Anna Louise 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

The present work investigated the effects of a submerged arc welding process with high weaving amplitudes (up to 40 mm) on the weld beads morphological aspects. For this purpose, bead-on-plate welding tests with different welding energies and weaving parameters were performed. As a result, weld beads of up to 45 mm width, free of discontinuities, and with flat penetration profiles were obtained. Based on this, we have a single wire process able to fill grooves more efficiently and, at the same time, working for cladding applications.
Harmonizing Big Data in Mental Health Research:
A Proof-of-Principle in the R2D2-MH Consortium Using the
International Classification of Functioning (ICF)
Authors: Black Melissa , Buitelaar Jan , Charman Tony , Ecker Christine , Gallagher Louise , Hens Kristien , Jones Emily , Murphy Declan , Schaer Marie , Sadaka Yair , St-Pourcain Beate , Wolke Dieter , Bonnot-Briey Stéf , Bougeron Thomas , Bölte Sven 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Big data approaches in mental health research hold great promise to advance research and support for neurologically diverse populations. The Risk, Resilience and Developmental Diversity in Mental Health (R2D2-MH) project moves from risk-focused studies toward understanding and promoting resilience, and from a diagnosis-based approach to a developmental diversity approach that defines well-being across the lifespan. Here, we present a proof-of-principle in R2D2-MH demonstrating that the International Classification of Functioning (ICF) can facilitate content harmonization in mental health research to generate big data compatible with several contemporary approaches in psychiatry. Transforming data through the ICF classification system allowed data collected with a wide range of instruments across modalities and diverse populations to be harmonized under the widely accepted WHO framework. Data harmonized using the ICF provides novel opportunities for large-scale data analyses that may be more capable of capturing diversity, aligning with more transdiagnostic and neurodiversity-affirmative ways of understanding data.
Caveolin-1 Knockout Mitigates Breast Cancer Metastasis to the Lungs via Integrin α3 Dysregulation.
Authors: Francis Joseph , Singh Dhirendra , Pathak Rashmi , Pandit Abhishek , Ebenezer Philip , Kumar Sanjay , Duplooy Alexander , White Mary , Jambunathan Nithya , Chintalaramulu Naveen , Dharmakumar Rohan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is a critical lipid raft protein playing divergent roles as both a tumor suppressor and promoter. While its role in tumorigenesis, progression, and metastasis is recognized, explicit contribution of Cav-1 to the onset of lung metastasis from primary breast malignancies remained vague. We exhibit here, the first-ever evidence of Cav-1 knockout in epithelial cells leading to a significant reduction in lung metastasis in syngeneic mouse models of breast cancer. In vitro, Cav-1 knockout in 4T1 cells suppressed extracellular vesicles secretion, cellular motility, and MMP secretion vis-à-vis the controls. Complementing this, our in vivo analyses demonstrated a marked reduction in lung metastatic foci in mice injected with Cav-1 knockout 4T1 cells as compared to wild-type mice, which was further corroborated by mRNA profiling of the primary tumor. We discerned 21 epithelial cell migration genes exhibiting varied expression in tumors derived from Cav-1 knockout versus wild-type 4T1 cells. Correlation analysis and immunoblotting further divulged that Cav-1 regulates metastasis via integrin α3 (ITGα3). In silico protein docking anticipated an interaction between Cav-1 and ITGα3, substantiated by co-immunoprecipitation. Furthermore, ITGα3 knockdown corroborated its role in metastasis in a cell migration assay. Therefore, it can be inferred that Cav-1 plays a pivotal role in the pre-metastatic niche establishment and facilitates lung-specific cell migration.
Response Surface Methodology-Based High-Throughput BioLector Fermentation Screening of Rosetta™-2 for Enhanced Production of Insulin Variant: Towards Improved Production Efficiency
Authors: Ayan Esra , Aytekin Ali Ozhan , KATI AHMET , DeMirci Hasan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
To obtain high yields of recombinant insulin and advancing therapeutic avenues for diabetes patients, the development of innovative designer insulin analogs have critical importance. The modified insulin analog presents a cost-effective remedy by being produced as inclusion bodies (IBs) within Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) Rosetta-2 strain. This approach to production not only offers reduced production time but also yields high recovery rates. The prime aim of this investigation was to optimize the composition of the cultivation media, thereby accomplishing higher cell density fermentation of the proinsulin.
Result
Various factors, including carbon and nitrogen sources, salts, metal ions, and pH, were systematically investigated through experimental screening using the BioLector multiwell bright plate. Additionally, computational analysis employing the Plackett-Burman Design within the Design Expert software was utilized to assess their effectiveness in terms of insulin concentration as a surrogate measure of insulin yield. Among the tested variables, glucose, glycerol, MgSO4, and lower Luria-Bertani mix concentration have a significant influence on insulin production, as determined by the screening experiment. Subsequently, the Central Composite Design approach was operated to further evaluate and optimize the precise levels of these influential variables. This systematic methodology achieved an optimized cultivation media formulation, resulting in a remarkable enhancement of insulin production, with levels reaching up to 13 mg/ml when applied in BioLector fermentation.
Conclusion
The formulated cultivation media exhibited suitability for promoting high cell density fermentation of the modified insulin, thereby facilitating the attainment of optimal yields for the proinsulin expression.
Homologous seminal plasma efficiently activates epididymal tail sperm compared to traditional Tris buffer and Sperm-TALP in sheep
Authors: Singh Pawan Preet , Dar Rameez Ali , Lone Farooz Ahmad , Bhat Ghulam Rasool , Abdullah Muzamil 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

We hypothesized that ram epididymal tail sperm may be efficiently activated in homologous seminal plasma compared to tris and sperm-TALP. Eighty ejaculates were collected from five healthy fertile rams by artificial vagina for harvesting of seminal plasma by two-phase centrifugation. Spermatozoa were activated in three activation fluids- homologous seminal plasma (SP), sperm-TALP (TP) and tris buffer (TR) and were preserved at 4°C for 72 hours. Sperm motility was higher (p<0.05) for SP (64.33±4.80-48 hr; 52.50±2.14-72 hr) compared to both TP (51.66±2.10-48 hr; 40.83±3.00-72 hr) and TR groups (52.50±4.03-48 hr; 41.66±3.33-72 hr) at 48 and 72 hr of cold storage. CFDA (Carboxy fluorescein diacetate) positive sperm (Viable) percentage was also higher (p<0.05) for SP than TP and TR at 48 (72.39±0.62-SP, 67.13±1.29-TP, 66.89±1.65-TR) and 72 hours (63.37±2.19-SP, 56.13±1.60-TP, 58.18±1.49-TR) of cold storage. HOST reacted sperm percentage was also higher (p<0.05) for SP at 48 (65.10±1.55-SP, 59.95±0.24-TP, 61.50±1.11-TR) and 72 hours (55.09±1.17-SP, 46.53±0.78-TP, 50.16±0.16-TR) of cold storage compared to TP and TR groups. FITC-PNA (Fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated to peanut agglutinin) negative sperm (Intact acrosomes) percentage was also higher (p<0.05) for SP than TR at 0 (91.66±0.90-SP, 88.13±1.02-TR), compared to TP at 48 (75.54±0.70-SP, 74.49±1.07-TP) and compared to TP and TR at 72 hours of cold storage (68.27±1.15-SP, 61.97±1.35-TP, 62.91±1.53-TR). In conclusion, homologous seminal plasma efficiently activated and preserved epididymal tail sperm compared to tris buffer and sperm-TALP. This study opened a new window of research to further explore the role of homologous seminal plasma in cryoprotection of epididymal tail sperm.
Calculation of River Ecological Flow Based on Multiple Hydrological Methods
Authors: Wei Huaibin , Li Wen , Liu Jing , Qiu Haojie , Zhao Chenchen 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Under the backdrop of increasing water utilization, river ecosystem problems continue to emerge. Determining the ecological flow of rivers is one of the keys to the comprehensive restoration of river ecosystems. This paper determines the operability of runoff sequences by means of the Mann-Kendal test, quantifies the minimum ecological flow through five representative hydrological methods, including Intra-year distribution (IYD), Flow during curve (FDC), Q90, Monthly minimum average flow (MMAF) and Average flow in the driest month (AFDM), and calculates the suitable ecological flow by the monthly frequency (M-F) method in three different scenarios. In addition, a comprehensive comparison of the methods is made from various aspects to give the recommended methods. Taking the Shaying River basin as the research objects, the AFDM method achieves the best satisfaction in terms of water demand, the Q90 method and the FDC method have the highest satisfaction level, and IYD method best meet the requirements of hydrological rhythms. The suitable ecological flow derived from the M-F method under Scenario a is optimally satisfactory in all respects. It is recommended to determine the minimum and suitable ecological flow processes by IYD method and the result under scenario b, respectively. This study can be used to provide a scientific and effective reference basis for integrated river management.
Role of radiation alone versus concurrent chemoradiotherapy in surgically ineligible patients with tracheobronchial squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Jang Jeong Yun , Pyo Hongryull , Yang Kyungmi , Noh Jae Myoung , Lee Jeong Ha 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
We aimed to evaluate treatment outcomes for primary tracheobronchial squamous cell carcinoma, explicitly focusing on the potential benefits of adding concurrent chemotherapy to definitive radiotherapy (RT).
Methods
Nineteen patients with tracheobronchial squamous cell carcinoma treated at the Samsung Medical Center between January 1995 and April 2023 were identified. Surgical interventions were determined using a multidisciplinary approach, and patients who were ineligible for surgery received RT with or without concurrent chemotherapy. The progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method.
Results
Of the 19 patients included in the study 5 underwent surgery, whereas the remaining 14 underwent RT. For total patients, the median PFS and OS were 28.2 months and 43.3 months, respectively. The 3-year OS rates were 16.7%, 83.3%, and 60.0% in the RT alone, concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT), and surgery groups, respectively. With a median follow-up period of 19.1 months, eight patients experienced disease progression, with the lungs and trachea being the most common sites for recurrence. Univariate analysis demonstrated that large tumor size, low radiation dose, pretreatment stent insertion, and radiation-only treatment correlated with inferior survival. In the 12 patients receiving curative RT, a trend towards improved OS was observed in the CCRT group. (RT alone vs. CCRT; 25.0% vs. 83.3% at three years, p = 0.077)
Conclusion
CCRT may improve survival outcomes in patients with inoperable tracheobronchial squamous cell carcinoma, offering a possible alternative to surgical interventions.