bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between patient-surgeon gender concordance and mortality after surgery in the United States: retrospective observational study
Authors: Wallis Christopher JD , Jerath Angela , Ikesu Ryo , Satkunasivam Raj , Dimick Justin B , Orav E John , Maggard-Gibbons Melinda , Li Ruixin , Salles Arghavan , Klaassen Zachary , Coburn Natalie , Bass Barbara L , Detsky Allan S , Tsugawa Yusuke 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective
To determine whether patient-surgeon gender concordance is associated with mortality of patients after surgery in the United States.

Design
Retrospective observational study.

Setting
Acute care hospitals in the US.

Participants
100% of Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries aged 65-99 years who had one of 14 major elective or non-elective (emergent or urgent) surgeries in 2016-19.

Main outcome measures
Mortality after surgery, defined as death within 30 days of the operation. Adjustments were made for patient and surgeon characteristics and hospital fixed effects (effectively comparing patients within the same hospital).

Results
Among 2 902 756 patients who had surgery, 1 287 845 (44.4%) had operations done by surgeons of the same gender (1 201 712 (41.4%) male patient and male surgeon, 86 133 (3.0%) female patient and female surgeon) and 1 614 911 (55.6%) were by surgeons of different gender (52 944 (1.8%) male patient and female surgeon, 1 561 967 (53.8%) female patient and male surgeon). Adjusted 30 day mortality after surgery was 2.0% for male patient-male surgeon dyads, 1.7% for male patient-female surgeon dyads, 1.5% for female patient-male surgeon dyads, and 1.3% for female patient-female surgeon dyads. Patient-surgeon gender concordance was associated with a slightly lower mortality for female patients (adjusted risk difference −0.2 percentage point (95% confidence interval −0.3 to −0.1); P<0.001), but a higher mortality for male patients (0.3 (0.2 to 0.5); P<0.001) for elective procedures, although the difference was small and not clinically meaningful. No evidence suggests that operative mortality differed by patient-surgeon gender concordance for non-elective procedures.

Conclusions
Post-operative mortality rates were similar (ie, the difference was small and not clinically meaningful) among the four types of patient-surgeon gender dyads.
Elobixibat improves rectal sensation in patients with chronic constipation aged ≥60 years: a randomised placebo-controlled study
Authors: Manabe Noriaki , Umeyama Minami , Ishizaki Sonoko , Ota Takumi , Kuratani Shinji , Katsumata Ryo , Fujita Minoru , Haruma Ken , Camilleri Michael 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveHigh rectal sensory thresholds (RSTs) are associated with chronic constipation (CC), especially in older patients. Bile acids (BAs) affect the RSTs of healthy individuals. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of the BA transporter inhibitor elobixibat in patients with CC aged ≥60 years.DesignWe prospectively compared the RSTs of 17 patients with CC aged ≥60 years with those of 9 healthy individuals of the same age range. We next performed a prospective, randomised, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of 17 patients with CC who administered elobixibat or placebo daily for 1 week. Using barostat methodology, their first constant sensation volume (FCSV), defaecatory desire volume (DDV), and maximum tolerable volume (MTV) thresholds; their rectal compliance; and their faecal BA concentrations were measured before and after treatment.ResultsThere were no significant differences in the RSTs of healthy individuals and patients with CC, but all of these tended to be higher in the latter group. Elobixibat increased the desire to defaecate, significantly reduced the threshold for FCSV (p=0.0018), and tended to reduce the threshold for DDV (p=0.0899) versus placebo. However, there were no differences in the MTV or rectal compliance of the two groups. The total faecal BA concentration increased, and particularly that of secondary BAs in the elobixibat group. Elobixibat was most efficacious in participants with a longer duration of CC and a history of treatment for CC.ConclusionElobixibat reduces the RSTs of patients with CC aged ≥60 years, which may be important for its therapeutic effects.Trial registration numberjRCTs061200030.
Relationship between self-stigma about alcohol dependence and severity of alcohol drinking and craving
Authors: Crozier Madeline E , Farokhnia Mehdi , Persky Susan , Leggio Lorenzo , Curtis Brenda 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundThe correlates and consequences of stigma surrounding alcohol use are complex. Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is typically accompanied by self-stigma, due to numerous factors, such as shame, guilt and negative stereotypes. Few studies have empirically examined the possible association between self-stigma and alcohol-related outcomes.ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between self-stigma about alcohol dependence and the severity of alcohol consumption and craving.MethodsIn a sample of 64 participants, the majority of whom had a diagnosis of AUD (51), bivariate correlations were first conducted between Self-Stigma and Alcohol Dependence Scale (SSAD-Apply subscale) scores and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) scores, Alcohol Timeline Follow-Back, Obsessive-Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS) scores and Penn Alcohol Cravings Scale scores. Based on the results, regression analyses were conducted with SSAD scores as the predictor and AUDIT and OCDS scores as the outcomes.FindingsSSAD scores positively correlated with AUDIT scores, average drinks per drinking day, number of heavy drinking days and OCDS scores (p<0.001, p=0.014, p=0.011 and p<0.001, respectively). SSAD scores were also found to be a significant predictor of AUDIT and OCDS scores (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively), even after controlling for demographics.ConclusionsHigher levels of self-stigma were associated with more severe AUD, greater alcohol consumption, and more obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviours related to alcohol.Clinical implicationsOur results suggest that potential interventions to reduce self-stigma may lead to improved quality of life and treatment outcomes for individuals with AUD.
Statistical methods applied for the assessment of the HIV cascade and continuum of care: a systematic scoping review
Authors: Kalinjuma Aneth Vedastus , Glass Tracy Renée , Masanja Honorati , Weisser Maja , Msengwa Amina Suleiman , Vanobberghen Fiona , Otwombe Kennedy 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesThis scoping review aims to identify and synthesise existing statistical methods used to assess the progress of HIV treatment programmes in terms of the HIV cascade and continuum of care among people living with HIV (PLHIV).DesignSystematic scoping review.Data sourcesPublished articles were retrieved from PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) Complete and Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE) databases between April and July 2022. We also strategically search using the Google Scholar search engine and reference lists of published articles.Eligibility criteriaThis scoping review included original English articles that estimated and described the HIV cascade and continuum of care progress in PLHIV. The review considered quantitative articles that evaluated either HIV care cascade progress in terms of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS targets or the dynamics of engagement in HIV care.Data extraction and synthesisThe first author and the librarian developed database search queries and screened the retrieved titles and abstracts. Two independent reviewers and the first author extracted data using a standardised data extraction tool. The data analysis was descriptive and the findings are presented in tables and visuals.ResultsThis review included 300 articles. Cross-sectional study design methods were the most commonly used to assess the HIV care cascade (n=279, 93%). In cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, the majority used proportions to describe individuals at each cascade stage (276/279 (99%) and 20/21 (95%), respectively). In longitudinal studies, the time spent in cascade stages, transition probabilities and cumulative incidence functions was estimated. The logistic regression model was common in both cross-sectional (101/279, 36%) and longitudinal studies (7/21, 33%). Of the 21 articles that used a longitudinal design, six articles used multistate models, which included non-parametric, parametric, continuous-time, time-homogeneous and discrete-time multistate Markov models.ConclusionsMost literature on the HIV cascade and continuum of care arises from cross-sectional studies. The use of longitudinal study design methods in the HIV cascade is growing because such methods can provide additional information about transition dynamics along the cascade. Therefore, a methodological guide for applying different types of longitudinal design methods to the HIV continuum of care assessments is warranted.
Continuation of education after marriage and its associated factors among young adult women: findings from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2017–2018
Authors: Howlader Sihab , Rahman Md. Aminur , Rahman Md. Mosfequr 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveTo identify the individual and community-level variables associated with the continuation of education among currently married young adult women in Bangladesh.DesignCross-sectional data extracted from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS), 2017–2018. The BDHS is a stratified cluster sample of households conducted in two and three stages in both rural and urban settings. A multilevel multinomial logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the associated factors.SettingBangladesh.ParticipantsCurrently married young adult women aged 15–29 years (n=4595).Primary outcomeContinuation of education after marriage was measured in the BDHS by asking respondents, ‘Did you continue your studies after marriage?’ with the response options: no; yes, less than a year; yes, for 1–2 years; yes, for 3–4 years; and yes, for 5+ years.ResultsAmong young adult women, 28.2% continued education after marriage for different durations of years (<1 year to 5+ years). The odds of continuing education after marriage for <1 year (adjusted OR (aOR): 0.68; 95% CI 0.50 to 0.90), 1–2 years (aOR: 0.67; 95% CI 0.47 to 0.96) and ≥5 years (aOR: 0.38; 95% CI 0.17 to 0.85) were lower among women who justified wife beating compared with women who did justify it. Compared with the high-literate community, women from the low-literate community were less likely to continue education after marriage for <1 year (aOR: 0.53; 95% CI 0.42 to 0.66), 1–2 years (aOR: 0.47; 95% CI 0.36 to 0.61), 3–4 years (aOR: 0.32; 95% CI 0.22 to 0.46), and for ≥5 years (aOR: 0.29; 95% CI 0.17 to 0.48). Several other individual-level and community-level variables, such as age at marriage, first birth interval, partner educational status, household wealth index, community economic status and region, were found to be associated with the continuation of education after marriage for different durations.ConclusionsThe proportion of women continuing their education after marriage in this sample is low. This study provides insight into the individual-level and community-level barriers women encounter in continuing their education after marriage. The identification of these barriers helps policy-makers develop effective intervention programmes to promote women’s educational attainment.
Diet quality is associated with nutrition knowledge and physical activity in the US military veterans enrolled in university programmes
Authors: Robinson Laura A , Colin C R , Smith K S , Greene M W , Frugé A D 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionMilitary veterans are at greater risk for chronic medical conditions, many of which are associated with greater body mass index (BMI). Detrimental changes to diet and physical activity (PA) levels after separation from military service contribute to this disparity which may be mitigated by nutrition education (NE) during service.MethodsWe conducted a survey in student veterans attending two southeastern US universities to determine current nutrition knowledge and hypothesised that NE received during time of service would be associated with better current diet quality (DQ), PA and BMI. Food group knowledge (FGK), and nutrient knowledge, DQ measured by Healthy Eating Index (HEI), and PA reported in metabolic equivalent minutes per week (MET-min/week) were assessed using previously validated questionnaires. Height and weight were also self-reported to calculate BMI. Differences in these variables between NE groups were assessed using Mann-Whitney U tests. Change in DQ, PA and BMI were assessed with Wilcoxon signed rank tests. Stepwise backward regression analysis was used to identify significant predictors related to HEI and BMI status.ResultsSixty-three out of 83 total responses were valid. Respondents were 60% male, 81% white, 43% and 27% served in the Army and Navy, respectively and 30% reported receiving NE while in the military. Veterans who received NE while serving did not have higher FGK, nutrition knowledge, current DQ, MET-min/week or BMI than their counterparts. Overall, respondents reported decreased MET-min/week (p<0.001), increased BMI (p=0.01) and no change in DQ. PA (p=0.014) and FGK (p<0.001) were significant predictors of current DQ, while no variables significantly predicted current BMI.ConclusionsInverse relationships between BMI and PA were observed after separation from duty. These results warrant the development and implementation of effective lifestyle interventions in veterans to prevent chronic disease and improve quality of life.
Difficult-to-treat axial spondyloarthritis is associated with psoriasis, peripheral involvement and comorbidities: results of an observational nationwide study
Authors: Fakih Olivier , Desmarets Maxime , Martin Bérenger , Prati Clement , Monnet Elisabeth , Verhoeven Frank , Wendling Daniel 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesTo determine the cumulative incidence and identify the factors associated with difficult-to-treat axial spondyloarthritis (D2T-axSpA) in French patients newly benefiting from the French ‘long-term illness’ (LTI) social security scheme for axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA).MethodsThis national cohort study was based on the French National Medico-Administrative Database, SNDS, which contains data on hospitalisation, LTI and outpatient care consumption. All French patients newly receiving LTI benefits for ankylosing spondylitis (AS) between 2010 and 2013 were included in the study. In France, LTI is required to access biological/targeted synthetic DMARDs (b/tsDMARDs). The follow-up period ended on 31 December 2018. So-called D2T-axSpA was defined as the failure of three b/tsDMARDs or of two b/tsDMARDs with different modes of action. Comorbidities and extra-musculoskeletal manifestations were identified using previously described algorithms. Characteristics were compared between patients with D2T-axSpA and patients with non-D2T-axSpA who had received at least one b/tsDMARD with bivariate and multivariate analysis using logistic regression. Incidence rates of major cardiovascular event (MACE) and death were compared using competitive risk analysis.Results22 932 patients were included. 10 798 (47.08%) patients received at least one bDMARD. None received tsDMARD. During follow-up, 2115 patients were classified as having D2T-axSpA, representing 19.59% of patients who received at least one bDMARD. In multivariate analysis, D2T-axSpA was significantly associated with female gender, peripheral involvement, psoriasis, hypertension and depression (p<0.001 for each case). There was no difference in the incidence of MACE (p=0.92) or death (p=0.87).ConclusionD2T-axSpA affects one in five patients exposed to bDMARDs in this national cohort. D2T-axSpA is more common in women and patients with peripheral involvement and/or comorbidities.
Thermodynamics and tachyon condensation of the dressed-dynamical unstable Dp-branes
Authors: Daniali Hamidreza 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUsing the boundary state formalism and thermo field dynamics approach, we study a Dp-brane at finite temperature in which the background Kalb–Ramond field, a U(1) gauge potential, and tachyon field are turned on together with a general tangential dynamics. The thermal entropy of the brane will be studied. In addition, the behavior of the entropy after the tachyon condensation process will be investigated and some thermodynamic interpretations will be extracted.
Structural gender imbalances in ballet collaboration networks
Authors: Herrera-Guzmán Yessica , Lee Eun , Kim Heetae 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBallet, a mainstream performing art predominantly associated with women, exhibits significant gender imbalances in leading positions. However, the collaboration’s structural composition vis-à-vis gender representation in the field remains unexplored. Our study investigates the gendered labor force composition and collaboration patterns in ballet creations. Our findings reveal gender disparities in ballet creations aligned with gendered collaboration patterns and women’s occupation of more peripheral network positions than men. Productivity disparities show women accessing 20–25% of ballet creations compared to men. Mathematically derived perception errors show the underestimation of women artists’ representation within ballet collaboration networks, potentially impacting women’s careers in the field. Our study highlights the structural imbalances that women face in ballet creations and emphasizes the need for a more inclusive and equal professional environment in the ballet industry. These insights contribute to a broader understanding of structural gender imbalances in artistic domains and can inform cultural organizations about potential affirmative actions toward a better representation of women leaders in ballet.
Characterizing Spatial Structure in Climate Model Ensembles
Authors: Chandler Richard E. , Barnes Clair R. , Brierley Chris M. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a methodology that is designed for rapid exploratory analysis of the outputs from ensembles of climate models, especially when these outputs consist of maps. The approach formalizes and extends the technique of “intermodel empirical orthogonal function” analysis, combining multivariate analysis of variance techniques with singular value decompositions (SVDs) of structured components of the ensemble data matrix. The SVDs yield spatial patterns associated with these components, which we call ensemble principal patterns (EPPs). A unique hierarchical partitioning of variation is obtained for balanced ensembles in which all combinations of factors, such as GCM and RCM pairs in a regional ensemble, appear with equal frequency: suggestions are also proposed to handle unbalanced ensembles without imputing missing values or discarding runs. Applications include the selection of ensemble members to propagate uncertainty into subsequent analyses, and the diagnosis of modes of variation associated with specific model variants or parameter perturbations. The approach is illustrated using outputs from the EuroCORDEX regional ensemble over the United Kingdom.
Relationships between Organizational Factors and Teachers’ Knowledge and Use of Culturally Relevant Education
Authors: Mathews Hannah Morris , Oblath Rachel , Bettini Elizabeth , McCray Erica , Chopra Akash , Scott Terrance 
Published: November 2023

Background/Context: Culturally relevant education (CRE) is a powerful tool for improving students’ educational experiences and outcomes. Yet CRE is not the norm in U.S. public education systems (Achinstein & Ogawa, 2011, 2012; Borrero et al., 2016; Coffey & Farinde-Wu, 2016), perhaps because teachers are socialized into systems that reproduce and uphold white-normed practice (Leonardo & Manning, 2017). The organizational contexts and conditions surrounding teachers’ practice could be a tool for leaders and policy makers to promote the use of CRE in schools. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore how three organizational factors—administrative support, school culture, and curricula—may contribute to teachers’ knowledge and enactment of CRE. We framed our analysis using cultural historical activity theory (CHAT) (Cole & Engeström, 1993), a tool for examining how learning is situated in contexts and conditions, and how these contexts and conditions mediate teaching practice (Foot, 2014). Research Design: Guided by the tenets of quantitative critical inquiry (Stage, 2007; Stage & Wells, 2014), we used survey data from 534 teachers in 33 schools in the 2019 school year to explore how three organizational factors (i.e., administrative support, school culture, and curricula) contribute to teachers’ knowledge and enactment of CRE. We collected data in spring 2019 in a high-poverty urban district in the southeastern United States serving predominantly students of color. We used confirmatory factor analysis to test each scale’s dimensionality, accounting for clustering by school, and then used structural equation modeling (SEM) to model relationships among the organizational factors and teachers’ self-reported CRE knowledge and practice. Conclusions/Recommendations: Our analysis indicated that curricular resources for CRE and collective expectations for CRE—an element of school culture—were both positively associated with teachers’ self-reported CRE knowledge. CRE knowledge, curricular resources for CRE, and administrative support were positively associated with teachers’ self-reported CRE practice. Finally, CRE knowledge partially mediated the relationship between curricular resources for CRE and CRE practice. Notably, general curricular resources were negatively associated with CRE practice. Findings suggest that norms and curricula focused on the use of CRE are crucial for enhancing teachers’ knowledge and use of CRE practice; general curricular resources may not foster teachers’ work in providing CRE in their classrooms. Finally, findings suggest that administrators may be uniquely positioned to help teachers transform their practice. We discuss implications for research and practice, in light of present efforts to curtail teachers’ use of CRE in seeking to provide students with meaningful educational opportunities.
Direct Oral Anticoagulants: Probability of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism and Bleeding Risk in an Obese Population
Authors: Pilkerton Courtney S. , Adelman Megan , Crocetti Emily , Xiang Jun , Strick Victoria , Ponte Charles D. , Peckens Shaylee , Jackson Benjamin P. , Whipp Kylen , Ashcraft Amie M. 
Published: November 2023

Background: Direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have become the preferred drugs for managing venous thromboembolism (VTE). Despite their advantages over vitamin K antagonists such as warfarin, their use in obese patients remains controversial with many providers reluctant to switch patients managed on warfarin. Outcome research that opts to increase provider confidence when prescribing DOACs for patients with obesity will be invaluable. Objective: This investigation evaluated whether patients with a body mass index (BMI) 35 kg/m2 or greater who were prescribed a DOAC had a higher risk for a recurrent VTE or bleed event relative to warfarin. Methods: The study was conducted in West Virginia which has the highest rate of obesity in the United States. Results: Of the total study population (1633), 2.3% (37) had a recurrent thrombotic event, 5.5% (89) had a major bleed event, and 10.7% (174) had some type of bleeding event. No individual patient characteristic was associated with recurrent thrombosis—including BMI. Older age, antiplatelet use, and taking a medication with a theoretical risk of increasing the effect of DOACs were associated with any and major bleeding events. The use of warfarin was associated with major bleeding events more frequently versus a DOAC. Body mass index was not a predictor for recurrent VTE or any bleed or major bleed events. Conclusions: These findings support the conclusion that DOACs are an appropriate and effective drug class for the management of VTE in patients with obesity.