bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opioid prescribing, pain, and hospital stay of general surgery patients with oxycodone allergies in South Australia
Authors: Kovoor Joshua G. , Bacchi Stephen , Gupta Aashray K. , Vo Tammy , Lam Cindy , Lam Lydia , Jiang Melinda , Stretton Brandon , To Minh‐Son , Nann Silas , Ovenden Christopher D. , Hewitt Joseph N. , Goh Rudy , Reid Jessica L. , Hugh Thomas J. , Dobbins Christopher , Hewett Peter J. , Trochsler Markus I. , Kette Frank E. , Maddern Guy J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe frequency of oxycodone adverse reactions, subsequent opioid prescription, effect on pain and patient care in general surgery patients are not well known. This study aimed to determine prevalence of documented oxycodone allergy and intolerances (independent variables) in a general surgical cohort, and association with prescribing other analgesics (particularly opioids), subjective pain scores, and length of hospital stay (dependent variables).MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included general surgery patients from two South Australian hospitals between April 2020 and March 2022. Multivariable logistic regression evaluated associations between previous oxycodone allergies and intolerances, prescription records, subjective pain scores, and length of hospital stay.ResultsOf 12 846 patients, 216 (1.7%) had oxycodone allergies, and 84 (0.7%) oxycodone intolerances. The 216 oxycodone allergy patients had lower odds of receiving oxycodone (OR 0.17, P < 0.001), higher odds of tramadol (OR 3.01, P < 0.001) and tapentadol (OR 2.87, P = 0.001), but 91 (42.3%) still received oxycodone and 19 (8.8%) morphine. The 84 with oxycodone intolerance patients had lower odds of receiving oxycodone (OR 0.23, P < 0.001), higher odds of fentanyl (OR 3.6, P < 0.001) and tramadol (OR 3.35, P < 0.001), but 42 (50%) still received oxycodone. Patients with oxycodone allergies and intolerances had higher odds of elevated subjective pain (OR 1.60, P = 0.013; OR 2.36, P = 0.002, respectively) and longer length of stay (OR 1.36, P = 0.038; OR 2.24, P = 0.002, respectively) than patients without these.ConclusionsGeneral surgery patients with oxycodone allergies and intolerances are at greater risk of worse postoperative pain and longer length of stay, compared to patients without. Many still receive oxycodone, and other opioids that could cause cross‐reactivity.
Tear film proteome changes following Tobradex® therapy in anterior blepharitis
Authors: Muttuvelu Danson Vasanthan , Cehofski Lasse Jørgensen , Utheim Tor Paaske , Chen Xiangjun , Vorum Henrik , Rasmussen Marie Louise Roed , Heegaard Steffen , Khan Asif Manzoor , Abduljabar Ahmed Basim , Honoré Bent 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeThe management of blepharitis continues to challenge clinicians due to the poorly understood aetiology of the condition. We recently identified the family of intracellular plakin proteins as essential driving forces underlying anterior blepharitis. A large‐scale protein analysis was used to study if a topical dexamethasone/tobramycin solution could be used to reverse the expression of plakin proteins.MethodsTear film samples from treatment naïve patients with anterior blepharitis (n = 15) were collected with Schirmer filtration paper. A subgroup of the patients (n = 10) received treatment with a dexamethasone/tobramycin 1 + 3 mg/mL ophthalmic suspension (Tobradex®) for 3 weeks and collection of tear film samples was repeated. The samples were analysed with label‐free quantification nano liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry requiring quantification in at least 70% of the samples in each group. Proteins were considered differentially expressed if p < 0.05.ResultsFollowing Tobradex® intervention, 27 proteins were upregulated while 61 proteins were downregulated. Regulated proteins after Tobradex® treatment were involved in intermediate filament cytoskeleton organization including downregulation of the plakin proteins envoplakin, epiplakin and periplakin. Plectin, a protein of the plakin family, remained unchanged after Tobradex® therapy. Tobradex® treatment resulted in the regulation of proteins involved in translation including a cluster of downregulated ribosomal proteins. Tobradex® intervention was associated with the regulation of proteins involved in fructose metabolism and glycolytic processes including fructose‐1.6‐bisphosphatase 1, fructose‐bisphosphate aldolases A and B, pyruvate kinase PKM and transketolase. Ig lambda chain V‐I region, prominin‐1, and protein Niban were upregulated after Tobradex® treatment.ConclusionsTobradex treatment reversed the expression of plakin proteins in anterior blepharitis. Topical solutions which inhibit the expression of plakin proteins may have the potential to restore the ocular surface integrity in anterior blepharitis and should be explored further.
Hepatobiliary disease after bone marrow transplant: A cross‐sectional study of 377 patients
Authors: Dezan Maria Gabriela Fernandes , Cavalcante Lourianne Nascimento , Silva Hugo Rodrigues Carvalho , de Moura Almeida Alessandro , dos Santos de Assis Luiz Henrique , de Freitas Tiago Thalles , de Araújo Marco Aurélio Salvino , Cotrim Helma Pinchemel , Lyra Andre Castro 
Published: October 2023

SummaryBackgroundBone marrow transplantation (BMT) is a standard treatment for several haematologic conditions. Following BMT, patients may develop hepatobiliary complications that impact morbidity and mortality. The differential diagnosis may include drug‐induced liver injury (DILI), sepsis‐associated liver injury (SALI), sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS), graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD), viral hepatitis, ischaemic hepatitis, and fulminant hepatitis.AimsTo evaluate the frequency, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of patients with hepatobiliary alterations associated with BMT in a tertiary referral centre.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study with data collected from the medical records of patients undergoing BMT between January 2017 and June 2022. We diagnosed hepatobiliary complications based on established criteria.ResultsWe included 377 patients; 55.7% had hepatobiliary complications. Female gender, pre‐BMT hepatobiliary alteration, and haploidentical allogeneic transplantation were associated with increased risk with odds ratios (OR) of 1.8 (p = 0.005), 1.72 (p = 0.013) and 3.25 (p = 0.003), respectively. Patients with hepatobiliary complications spent longer in the hospital than those without (27.7 × 19.3 days, respectively; p < 0.001). Among 210 patients with hepatobiliary complications, 28 died compared to 5 of 167 without complications (OR 4.98; p = 0.001).ConclusionsHepatobiliary complications are frequent in patients undergoing BMT. There is a greater risk of their occurrence in women, people with pre‐BMT liver alterations, and in haploidentical transplants. The occurrence of these complications increases the length of stay and is associated with a higher risk of death.
Quad‐class exposed/refractory myeloma is associated with short survival
Authors: Piron Bénédicte , Costes‐Tertrais Domitille , Gastinne Thomas , Fourmont Aude Marie , Dubruille Viviane , Blin Nicolas , Moreau Philippe , Touzeau Cyrille , Tessoulin Benoit 
Published: October 2023

SummaryVery scarce data exist about outcomes of relapsed multiple myeloma patients who have failed proteasome inhibitor, immunomodulatory drug, anti‐CD38 monoclonal antibody and therapies targeting B‐cell maturation antigen (BCMA) (Quad‐class exposed [QCE]). In this retrospective single‐centre study, we determined progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) from anti‐BCMA failure in 45 QCE patients. Seven (16%) patients received antibody‐drug conjugate, 20 (44%) bispecific antibodies and 18 (40%) CAR‐T cell. Thirty patients (67%) received ≥1 subsequent line of treatment. PFS was 4.4 months (95% CI = 2.4–12.5) and OS 6.3 months (95% CI = 3.9–14.4). Having an adverse prognosis, QCE myeloma patients remain an unmet medical need.
Effect of class size on student achievement in the COVID‐19 “new normal”
Authors: Carro Jesús M. , Gallardo Pedro 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTThe COVID‐19 pandemic implied measures, such as school closures at the outbreak of the pandemic, negatively affected children's human capital. However, in some places, the situation later resulted in a reduction in class sizes in order to avoid the spread of SARS‐Cov‐2 in schools. We take advantage of this unexpected event to evaluate the effect on school performance of a significant class size reduction implemented in Spain, when schools were reopened. We find a positive and significant effect of the class size reduction of 0.11 standard deviations on overall students' performance. Given the situation and nature of our data, we interpret our estimates as a lower bound for the true effect of the reduction in class size. We conclude that the reduction in class size served, on average, to at least compensate for the other negative effects on learning. Our findings also point out the importance of evaluating the quality of the new and inexperienced additional teachers that need to be hired when implementing a general reduction of class size.
Trade‐agreement compensation in supply‐managed industries
Authors: Cardwell Ryan , Biden Scott 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRecent Canadian preferential trade agreements (PTAs) include increased market access for imports of supply‐managed products (dairy and poultry). Such agreements are typically expected to create trade flows and increase supply of relatively low‐priced products in Canada. Industry groups representing Canadian producers and processors of supply‐managed products negotiated to receive approximately C$5 billion in payments from the federal government as compensation for the prospects of facing more international competition and reduced domestic sales. We discuss partial‐equilibrium simulation models that are commonly used by academics and governments to project market effects of new trade agreements, and conceptually illustrate how different assumptions about import supply conditions generate different projected market outcomes. We focus on the quota fill rates of new access commitments—most studies, including those used to inform government policies on compensation payments, assume imports increase in an amount equal to new commitments. This is often not the case, including with recent Canadian trade agreements. We apply a conceptual framework to Canada's supply‐management industry by re‐simulating a quantitative model of the Canadian dairy industry with updated information on implementation and quota fill rates. Projected market effects of trade agreements under the assumption of full import quotas are markedly different from projections that account for unfilled quotas. We discuss the political economy and welfare implications of compensation payments in light of our analysis.
Phylogenomic analysis of Tachinidae (Diptera: Calyptratae: Oestroidea): a transcriptomic approach to understanding the subfamily relationships
Authors: de Paula Letícia Chiara Baldassio , Dios Rodrigo de Vilhena Perez , Gudin Filipe Macedo , de Santis Marcelo Domingos , Alvarez‐Garcia Deivys Moises , Antunes Júnior Manuel , Freire Beatriz Vieira , Marques Fernando Portella de Luna , Lahr Daniel José Galafasse , Nihei Silvio Shigueo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTachinidae is the second most species‐rich family of Diptera. It comprises four subfamilies, and all of its members have parasitoid habits. We present the first phylogenomic analysis of Tachinidae using transcriptomic data, based on 30 species. We constructed four datasets: three using translated data at the amino acid level (100% coverage, with 106 single‐copy protein‐coding genes; 75% coverage, with 1359 genes; and 50% coverage, with 1942 genes). The trees were estimated by analysing four matrices using maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony inferences, and only minor differences were found among them. Overall, our topologies are well resolved, with high node support. Polleniidae is corroborated as a sister group to Tachinidae. Within Tachinidae, our results confirm the hypothesis (Phasiinae + Dexiinae) + (Tachininae + Exoristinae). Phasiinae, Dexiinae and Exoristinae are recovered as monophyletic, and Tachininae as polyphyletic. Once again, the tribe Myiophasiini (Tachininae) composes a fifth lineage, clade sister to all the remaining Tachinidae. The Neotropical tribe Iceliini, formerly in Tachininae, is recovered within Exoristinae, sister to Winthemiini. In general, our results are congruent with recent phylogenetic studies that include tachinids, with the important confirmation of the subfamilial relationships and the existence of a fifth lineage of Tachinidae.
Effects of tension on mitochondrial autophagy and osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells
Authors: Shao Xiaoru , Hu Zhong , Su Huiqin , Wang Yuzhong , Lin Yunfeng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to explore the osteogenic ability and mitochondrial autophagy of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) under cyclic tensile stress (CTS). Primary PDLSCs were isolated from the periodontal membrane and cultured by passage. Alizarin red staining, alkaline phosphatase detection, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), and Western blotting were used to detect the osteogenic differentiation level of PDLSCs. Mitochondrial autophagy in PDLSCs after CTS was measured using a mitochondrial autophagy detection kit, and the expression levels of autophagy‐related proteins LC3B, LAMP1 and Beclin1 were measured using cellular immunofluorescence technology, RT‐PCR and Western blot. After applying CTS, the osteogenic differentiation ability of PDLSCs was significantly improved, and the expression of alkaline phosphatase on the surface of the cell membrane and the formation of calcium nodules in PDLSCs were significantly increased respectively. We also studied the relevant mechanism of action and found that applying CTS can promote the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs and is related to the activation of mitochondrial autophagy. This study provides new insights into the mechanism of increased osteogenic differentiation on the tension side of orthodontic teeth and provides new experimental evidence for the involvement of mitochondrial autophagy in the regulation of osteogenic differentiation.
Local Currency Bond Markets in Africa: Resilience and Subordination
Authors: Dafe Florence , Kaltenbrunner Annina , Kvangraven Ingrid Harvold , Weigandi Iván 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTThis article examines the development and implications of local currency bond markets (LCBMs) in African countries in the context of international financial subordination (IFS). Despite the promotion of LCBMs as a solution to debt vulnerability, there is a dearth of research that offers a systematic empirical examination of their actual benefits along with conceptual explanations as to when and why such benefits may or may not materialize. This is especially true for countries at the bottom of the global economic hierarchy. To explore how the subordination in global production and financial systems shapes LCBM development, the article offers an empirical analysis of selected African countries that combines interviews with policy makers, officials and experts with statistical data. The findings suggest that while LCBMs offer some benefits, such as mitigating risks associated with foreign currency debt, their potential is limited by the structural processes created by IFS, such as their dependence on the global financial cycle, the relatively higher costs of this debt and the sustained constraint on macroeconomic policy making. However, there are also domestic factors which shape how these structural constraints are mediated in the context of LCBM development — in particular, historically developed financial structures of developing countries, the political economy of the state and the structure of production. This study thus contributes to the debate about the developmental benefits of domestic debt market development and the emerging research agenda on IFS.
The association of testosterone with sarcopenia and frailty in chronic liver disease
Authors: Chrysavgis Lampros , Adamantou Magdalini , Angelousi Anna , Cholongitas Evangelos 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundTestosterone is an important anabolic hormone responsible for maintaining body composition and muscle mass and circulates mostly albumin‐bound, or sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG)‐bound or free in the plasma. Of these fractions, the latter is bioactive and exerts the androgenic effects on male population. Liver cirrhosis, the advanced stage of any chronic liver disease characterized by permanent distortions to the hepatic architecture, disrupts the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal axis, leading to diminished levels of free testosterone and hypogonadism.MethodsWe retrieved the PubMed database to provide a synopsis of testosterone's physiology and action and summarize the effect of sarcopenia in pre‐cirrhotic and cirrhotic patients. Moreover, we scoped to provide insight into the relationship of testosterone levels with sarcopenia, frailty and survival in cirrhotic and non‐cirrhotic population as well as to discuss the efficacy of exogenous testosterone supplementation on the anthropometric parameters and survival of those patients.ResultsLow testosterone levels have been associated with sarcopenia, reduced body lean mass, decreased bone mineral density and frailty, thus leading to increased morbidity and mortality especially among cirrhotic patients. Furthermore, exogenous testosterone administration significantly ameliorated body composition on patients with chronic hepatic disease, without significant adverse effects. However, the current literature does not suggest any significant effect on survival of those patients. Moreover, the long‐term safety of testosterone use remains an open question.ConclusionLow serum testosterone is strongly correlated with sarcopenia, frailty, higher rate of hepatic decompensation and mortality. Nonetheless, exogenous supplementation of testosterone did not ameliorate the liver‐related outcomes and complications.
Cultivation increased soil potential denitrification rates by modifying denitrifier communities in desert‐oasis ecotone
Authors: Wang Lisha , He Zhibin , Wang Chuan , Chen Longfei , Yang Rong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOases soils in northwestern China are used widely for agricultural production, but low soil moisture and fertility necessitate high volumes of irrigation and fertilization, with significant losses of water via evaporation and nitrogen via denitrification. The dynamics of denitrifying communities and their responses to potential denitrification rate (PDR) in continuously irrigated oases remain unclear. In this study, we examined the dynamics of nirK and nirS denitrifying communities in three distinct areas, an old oasis field (OOF, 54 years of cultivation), a young oasis field (YOF, 20 years) and an adjacent uncultivated sandy land (USL, 0 years), and used the partial least squares path model (PLS‐PM) to predict how and to what extent soil properties and denitrifying communities may be responsible for changes in PDR. Our findings indicate that cultivation, compared with the USL treatment, improved soil structure and fertility and increased the abundance and diversity of denitrifying microbes, resulting in a further elevation of soil PDR in YOF and OOF. Additionally, our analysis highlights the potential dominance of the nirK gene in denitrification. PLS‐PM revealed that soil chemical properties and microbial biomass indirectly affected soil PDR by regulating the abundance and diversity of nirK and nirS genes. Conversely, soil physical properties had a direct negative impact on PDR. Alterations in PDR were, in part, attributed to changes in abundance, richness and beta‐diversity, but not correlated with changes in alpha‐diversity. Notably, the standardized total effect demonstrated that the denitrifier community exhibited greater responsiveness to changes in PDR than did soil properties. Overall, our findings suggest that denitrifying communities may play a more important role than soil properties in PDR, and an increased understanding of denitrifying communities allows PDR prediction during conversion of oasis to cultivated land.
Shaped by you: The effect of social partner on cortisol and behavior during adolescence in a female rodent
Authors: Rystrom Taylor L. , Wesseler Yvonne , Richter S. Helene , Sachser Norbert , Kaiser Sylvia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAdolescence is a sensitive phase when cues from the social environment can shape consistent individual differences in behavioral and hormonal profiles, but the effect of the social partner on these phenotypes is not well‐understood, especially for females. We therefore aimed to investigate whether the age class and sex of the housing partner affect social behavior and cortisol concentrations in female guinea pigs during adolescence and estimate the repeatability of cortisol concentrations in this life stage. Female guinea pigs were housed upon weaning for 4 weeks with either an adult female, adolescent female, or adolescent male. Social behavior was observed in the home enclosure and a preference test and social interaction test were carried out at the end of the experiment. Cortisol concentrations (baseline and response to a challenge) were measured prior to the start of the experiment and 2 and 4 weeks after pair formation. We hypothesized that the social partner would affect behavior and cortisol concentrations. We found that females housed with an adult female were less aggressive and more consistently displaced by their housing partner than females housed with an adolescent female. Sex of the housing partner did not affect focal female behavior. Regarding hormones, baseline cortisol concentration was neither significantly repeatable nor significantly affected by the housing partner. However, cortisol responsiveness was highly repeatable both 1 h and 2 h after the onset of a challenge. The age class of the housing partner affected cortisol responsiveness, with higher cortisol concentrations measured at 1 h in females housed with an adult female. These results indicate that adolescent female guinea pigs exhibit consistent individual differences in cortisol responsiveness while retaining plasticity to adjust to cues from the social environment. Taken together, we show in a female rodent that the social environment can significantly shape behavioral and endocrine parameters during adolescence.