bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
X. Yeast sequencing reports. The sequence of 24·3 kb from chromosome X reveals five complete open reading frames, all of which correspond to new genes, and a tandem insertion of a ty1 transposon
Authors: Zagulski M. , Babinska B. , Gromadka R. , Migdalski A. , Rytka J. , Sulicka J. , Herbert C. J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of a 24·3 kb segment from chromosome X carried by the cosmid pEJ103. The sequence encodes five complete open reading frames (ORFs), none of which correspond to previously described genes; however, four of these ORFs display interesting similarities with sequences present in the databanks. The sequence also contains a tandem insertion of a Ty1 element. An investigation of the Ty1 polymorphism in other strains has revealed that the original insertion occurred within an ORF. Finally, the structure of the Ty1 repeat suggests a mechanism by which it may have been generated. The sequence has been deposited in the EMBL data library under the Accession Number X87297 for the complete sequence and X87298 for the δty1 version.
XIV. Yeast sequencing reports. A 43·5 kb segment of yeast chromosome XIV, which contains MFA2, MEP2, CAP/SRV2, NAM9, FKB1/FPR1/RBP1, MOM22 and CPT1, predicts an adenosine deaminase gene and 14 new open reading frames
Authors: Mallet Laurent , Bussereau Françoise , Jacquet Michel 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA 43,481 bp fragment from the left arm of chromosome XIV of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was sequenced. A gene for tRNAphe and 23 non‐overlapping open reading frames (ORFs) were identified, seven of which correspond to known yeast genes: MFA2, MEP2, CAP/SRV2, NAM9, FKB1/FPR1/RBP1, MOM22 and CPT1. One ORF may correspond to the yet unindentified yeast adenosine deaminase gene. Among the 15 other ORFs, four exhibit known signatures, which include a protein tyrosine phosphatase, a cytoskeleton‐associated protein and two ATP‐binding proteins, four have similarities with putative proteins of yeast or proteins from other organisms and seven exibit no significant similarity with amino acid sequences described in data banks. One ORF is identical to yeast expressed sequence tags (EST) and therefore corresponds to an expressed gene. Six ORFs present similarities to human dbESTs, thus identifying motifs conserved during evolution. Nine ORFs are putative transmembrane proteins. In addition, one overlapping and three antisense ORFs, which are not likely to be functional, were detected. The sequence has been deposited in the EMBL data bank under Accession Number Z46843.
Molecular characterization of the PEL1 gene encoding a putative phosphatidylserine synthase
Authors: Janitor Martin , Jarosch Ernst , Schweyen Rudolf J. , S̈bík Július 
Published: May 2005

AbstractIn the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae the PEL1 gene is essential for the viability of rho−/rhoo petite mutants, and its mutation in respiring cells results in a pleiotropic phenotype. Results of complementation analysis with different subclones of chromosomal DNA and re‐sequencing of the YCL4w‐YCL3w segment of chromosome III demonstrate that the coding region of the PEL1 gene corresponds to 1467 bp. The size of the PEL1 transcript in Northern blot analysis was estimated to be approximately 1·5 kb. Transcription initiation in wild‐type cells was found to occur at the position −9 relative to the ATG. The PEL1 gene was moderately expressed irrespective of the state of the mitochondrial genome and the nature of the carbon sources. Disruption of the PEL1 gene was not lethal and resulted in the same phenotype as observed with the pel1 mutant, i.e. the cells were not able to survive ethidium bromide mutagenesis, were thermosensitive for growth on glucose at 37°C and failed to grow on minimal glycerol medium. Although the Pel1 protein exhibits significant similarity to a family of phosphatidylserine synthases, the disrupted PEL1 gene was not complemented by the multicopy plasmid‐borne CHO1 gene encoding an essential yeast phosphatidylserine synthase. The Accession Number of the PEL1 gene in the EMBL data library is Z48162.
DOGR1 and DOGR2: Two genes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae that confer 2‐deoxyglucose resistance when overexpressed
Authors: Randez‐Gil Francisca , Blasco Amalia , Prieto Jose Antonio , Sanz Pascual 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSaccharomyces cerevisiae contains two genes (DOGR1 and DOGR2) that are able to confer 2‐deoxyglucose resistance when they are overexpressed. These genes are very similar, sharing 92% identity at the protein level. They code for two isoenzymes with 2‐deoxyglucose‐6 phosphate (2‐DOG‐6P) phosphatase activity. These enzymes have been purified and characterized. DogR1p shows an optimum pH of 6, an optimum temperature of 30°C and a KM on 2‐DOG‐6P of 17 mM. DogR2p shows a similar optimum pH, but the optimum temperature is 40°C and it exhibits a KM on 2‐DOG‐6P of 41 mM. Both enzymes require 10 mM‐MgCl2 for maximal activity and they are inhibited by inorganic phosphate.
Schizosaccharomyces pombe RNase MRP RNA is homologous to metazoan RNase MRP RNAs and may provide clues to interrelationships between RNase MRP and RNase P
Authors: Paluh Janet L. , Clayton David A. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractRNase MRP and RNase P ribonucleoproteins are structurally and functionally similar across a large evolutionary distance. To better characterize possible complex interrelationships between these two enzymes, we have employed the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Unlike Saccharomyces cerevisiae, S. pombe is believed to harbour only one genetic locus for the RNA component of RNase P and does not contain a known mitochondrially encoded RNase P RNA. We have identified the single nuclear gene for the RNA component of RNase MRP in S. pombe, mrp‐1, by homology to vertebrate RNase MRP RNAs. The mrp‐1 gene encodes an RNA of maximum mature length 400 nucleotides that shares a high degree of identity, in evolutionarily conserved regions, to both vertebrate RNase MRP RNAs and S. pombe RNase P RNA. Disruption of mrp‐1 in the diploid strain SP826 and sporulation of tetrads resulted in a 2 dead:2 viable segregation, consistent with the gene being essential. Lethality is rescued by a plasmid‐borne copy of mrp‐1. Partially purified ribonucleoprotein RNase MRP activity correctly and efficiently processed all previously characterized heterologous mitochondrial RNA substrates. The compact mitochondrial genome of S. pombe contains sequence elements with >50% identity to mammalian D‐loop CSBI and CSBII elements. The identification of mrp‐1 in S. pombe should facilitate not only comparisons between the related ribonucleoproteins RNase MRP and RNase P, but should also provide an opportunity for genetic elucidation of RNase MRP function in a situation reflective of the animal kingdom.
Functional analysis reports. Precise gene disruption in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by double fusion polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Amberg David C. , Botstein David , Beasley Ellen M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe adapted a fusion polymerase chain reaction (PCR) strategy to synthesize gene disruption alleles of any sequenced yeast gene of interest. The first step of the construction is to amplify sequences flanking the reading frame we want to disrupt and to amplify the selectable marker sequence. Then we fuse the upstream fragment to the marker sequence by fusion PCR, isolate this product and fuse it to the downstream sequence in a second fusion PCR reaction. The final PCR product can then be transformed directly into yeast. This method is rapid, relatively inexpensive, offers the freedom to choose from among a variety of selectable markers and allows one to construct precise disruptions of any sequenced open reading frame in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
IV. Yeast sequencing reports. GUF1, a gene encoding a novel evolutionarily conserved gtpase in budding yeast
Authors: Kiser Gretchen L. , Weinert Ted A. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWhile sequencing a region of chromosome IV adjacent to the checkpoint gene MEC3, we identified a gene we call GUF1 (GTPase of Unknown Function), which predicts a 586 amino acid GTPase of the elongation factor‐type class. The predicted Guf1p protein bears striking sequence similarity to both LepA from Escherichia coli (43% identical) and LK1236·1 from Caenorhabditis elegans (42% identical). Analysis of both a guf1δ deletion and a putative constitutive‐activating mutant (GUF1HG) revealed that GUF1 is not essential nor did mutant cells reveal any marked phenotype. The GenBank Accession Number for the GUF1 sequence is U22360.
Proton production and consumption pathways in yeast metabolism. A chemostat culture analysis
Authors: Castrillo J. I. , De Miguel I. , Ugalde U. O. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractIn this investigation, a method for the accurate quantitative determination of net proton production or consumption in biological cultures has been devised. Cells are cultured under constant pH conditions. The specific rate of proton production or consumption by the culture (qH+, mmol h−1 per g biomass) is proportional to the mmol of base or acid required to maintain constant pH per unit time, and this equivalence is independent of the buffering capacity of the culture medium.The above method has been applied to chemostat cultures of Candida utilis growing on glucose or glycerol as carbon source, and different nitrogen sources. The results indicate that the nitrogen assimilation pathway alone determines the value of qH+, and a fixed stoichiometric relationship between nitrogen uptake rate qN (meq h−1 per g biomass) and qH+ has been found for each nitrogen source employed. Thus, qH+/qN values of +1, 0 and − 1 were found for ammonium ions, urea and nitrate respectively. Under oxidative metabolism, the contribution of carbon catabolism to the value of qH+ was undetectable.Since qN may be related to growth and production of type 1 compounds in fermentation processes, the parameter qH+ was incorporated into a model of growth and energy metabolism in chemostat culture (Castrillo and Ugalde, Yeast 10, 185–197, 1994), resulting in adequate simulations of experimentally observed culture performance. Thus, it is suggested that qH+ may be employed as a simple and effective control parameter for biotechnological processes involving biomass‐related products.
VII. Yeast sequencing reports. DNA sequence analysis of a 35 kb segment from Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome VII reveals 19 open reading frames including RAD54, ACE1/CUP2, PMR1, RCK1, AMS1 and CAL1/CDC43
Authors: James C. M. , Indge K. J. , Oliver S. G. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe present DNA sequence data from a 35 364 bp region on the left arm of chromosome VII of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This region contains 19 open reading frames (ORFs). ORF G1821 corresponds to the RAD54 gene involved in repair and recombination (Emery et al., 1991). G1810 is identical to the ACE1 gene sequenced by Szczypka and Thiele (1989), required for copper‐inducible transcription of the CUP1 gene. The first 693 bp on the minus strand represent part of the 3′ non‐coding region from the P‐type ATPase gene PMR1, previously sequenced by Rudolph et al. (1989), which is identical to the SSC1 gene (Smith et al., 1988). G1845 corresponds to the RCK1 protein kinase gene from S. cerevisiae (Dahlkvist and Sunnerhagen, 1994). G1861 is almost identical to the α‐mannosidase gene AMS1 reported by Yoshihisa and Anraku (1989) and G1864 has 100% identity with the yeast CAL1 gene (Ohya et al., 1989)/CDC43 gene (Johnson et al., 1990) which is involved in control of cell polarity. This region also contains a gene specifying a Leu‐tRNA precursor and a remnant of a tau element. ORF G1880 shows some similarity to the S. cerevisiae SNF2, STH1 and NPS1 genes and to the human ERCC1 gene. A 93 bp region shows similarity to yeast EST sequenced by Burns et al. (1994). None of the remaining ORFs has similarity to any sequence within the databases screened. The sequence described in this paper has been deposited in the EMBL Data Library under the Accession Number Z48618.
The chromosome ends of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Louis Edward J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractYeast chromosome ends are similar in structure and function to chromosome ends in most, if not all, eukaryotic organisms. There is a G‐rich terminal repeat at the ends which is maintained by telomerase. In addition to the classical functions of protecting the end from degradation and end‐to‐end fusions, and completing replication, yeast telomeres have several interesting properties including: non‐nucleosomal chromatin structure; transcriptional position effect variegation for genes with adjacent telomeres; nuclear peripheral localization; apparent physical clustering; non‐random recombinational interactions. A number of genes have been identified that are involved in modifying one or more of these properties. These include genes involved in general DNA metabolism, chromatin structure and telomere maintenance. Adjacent to the terminal repeat is a mosaic of middle repetitive elements that exhibit a great deal of polymorphism both between individual strains and among different chromosome ends. Much of the sequence redundancy in the yeast genome is found in the sub‐telomeric regions (within the last 25 kb of each end). The sub‐telomeric regions are generally low in gene density, low in transcription, low in recombination, and they are late replicating. The only element which appears to be shared by all chromosome ends is part of the previously defined X element containing an ARS consensus. Most of the ‘core’ X elements also contain an Abf1p binding site and a URS1‐like element, which may have consequences for the chromatin structure, nuclear architecture and transcription of native telomeres. Possible functions of sub‐telomeric repeats include: fillers for increasing chromosome size to some minimum threshold level necessary for chromosome stability; barrier against transcriptional silencing; a suitable region for adaptive amplification of genes; secondary mechanism of telomere maintenance via recombination when telomerase activity is absent.
Pre‐discharge B‐type natriuretic peptide predicts early recurrence of decompensated heart failure in patients admitted to a general medical unit
Authors: Verdiani Valerio , Nozzoli Carlo , Bacci Francesca , Cecchin Adriana , Rutili Maria Serena , Paladini Sergio , Olivotto Iacopo 
Published: May 2005

BackgroundB‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) represents a promising predictor of early (30 days) re‐admission in patients with heart failure (HF) admitted to cardiology units. Whether BNP retains its predictive value in unselected patients admitted to general medical wards is unknown.MethodsWe determined BNP levels on admission and pre‐discharge in 100 consecutive patients (71 male, mean age 78±10 years) admitted to a general medical unit due to decompensated HF. Follow‐up after discharge was 30 days.ResultsOf the 100 patients, 86 had ≥1 comorbid conditions. Median BNP was 739 pg/ml on admission (25th–75th percentile 355–1333 pg/ml, respectively), and 414 pg/ml pre‐discharge (25th–75th percentile 220–696 pg/ml). Seventeen patients were re‐admitted or died within 30 days. Patients with pre‐discharge BNP values >75th percentile (696 pg/ml) had greater risk of re‐hospitalisation, as compared to values ≤696 pg/ml (56% vs. 4%, respectively; p<0.001). Negative predictive value for this cut‐off was 96%. BNP values >75th percentile were associated with a 15.0 independent relative hazard (RH) of early re‐admission or death (95% CI 4.2–53.8; p<0.0001). The other independent predictor was a NYHA class ≥III at discharge (RH 2.9; 95% CI 1.1–9.3; p<0.05).ConclusionIn a general medical unit, pre‐discharge BNP levels were a strong independent predictor of early re‐admission or death due to HF, irrespective of substantial comorbidity and advanced age.
Nutritional study of the Islanders on Tristan da Cunha, 1966
Authors: Chambers Margaret A. , Southgate D. A. T. 
Published: May 2005

1. A description of the population resident on Tristan da Cunha during the winter of 1966 is given.2. Sources of food supplies are discussed.3. A brief description of island meal patterns is given and methods of food preparation are discussed.4. Samples of unusual foods and unique dishes consumed on Tristan da Cunha were collected and analysed for moisture, total nitrogen, fat, calcium, iron and ascorbic acid.5. The dietary patterns and way of life of the Islanders resident on Tristan da Cunha have changed owing to contact with the outside world and to the development of a monetary economy. These changes were accelerated by the enforced period of 2 years spent in England. The Islanders are now very dependent upon a cash economy and subsistence agriculture provides only a relatively small part of the present diet.
The effects of vitamin E deficiency on the total fatty acids and the phospholipid fatty acids of rat tissues
Authors: Lee D. J. W. , Barnes M. McC. 
Published: May 2005

1. A vitamin E-low diet containing 7% stripped lard was given to hooded rats for periods up to 14 months. Control rats were given the same diet with a vitamin E supplement (I i.u./rat per day).2. No consistent pattern of changes was found in the total fatty acids of testis, lung, spleen, pancreas, heart, kidney, liver, brain, skeletal muscle and small intestine from rats given the deficient diet for 5, 6 or 7 months when compared with control rats.3. The fatty acids of the total phospholipid from the same tissues were examined after 4, 5, 8 or 14 months. In the rats deficient in vitamin E the polyunsaturated fatty acids of the linoleic series (ω6) decreased, except for 20:4ω6, which in some tissues tended to increase. After 14 months there were considerable decreases in the percentages of all theω6 series including 20:4ω6 with increases in the percentages of 18:1ω9 and 20:3ω9 the pattern was similar to that found in essential fatty acid deficiency.
Mammary metabolism in lactating sows: arteriovenous differences of milk precursors and the mammary metabolism of [14C]glucose and [14C]acetate
Authors: Linzell J. L. , Mepham T. B. , Annison E. F. , West C. E. 
Published: May 2005

1. The following techniques, which have been applied successfully to goats, were used to study mammary metabolism in lactating sows:(I) measurements of mammary arteriovenous (A-V) differences in milk precursors in the conscious undisturbed animal (five sows); (2) continuous intravenous infusion of [U-14C]glucose with concomitant arterial and mammary venous blood sampling for measurement of mammary blood flow and specific radioactivity of glucose and CO, (one sow); (3) perfusion of the isolated gland in vitro (eight glands from four sows), with the inclusion of [U-14C]glucose (two glands) and [U-14C]acetate(two glands) in the substrate mixture.2. Sow mammary tissue was similar to that goats in its milk yield, blood flow, and glucose uptake per unit weight of tissue. As in goats, mammary uptake of glucose was many times that of the rest of the body and the total mammary tissue was utilizing about half of the total glucose entering the circulation. Glucose was a major source of milk lactose and glycerol and of mammary CO2.3. Of the plasma lipid components, only the triglyceride fraction was consistently and significantly removed by the gland. In contrast to the results obtained for the goat, both [U-14C[acetate and [U-14C]glucose carbon were used for milk fatty acid synthesis, and although the pattern of labelling of fatty acid from each precursor was similar, the formation of fatty acids from glucose was at least five times greater than that from acetate. Quantitative evaluation of the contribution of these precursors was not possible, but the RQ (1.09–1.63) suggest that in some instances it may have been considerable.4. The substantial A-V differences of most plasma essential amino acids suggest that these are the sole precursors of the corresponding residues in the mammary synthesized protein. The low A-V differences for several non-essential amino acids suggest that these are synthe- sized in the gland; this suggestion is supported by the incorporation of glucose carbon into non-essential amino acid residues of casein observed in one experiment. However, in contrast to results with the goat, mammary absorption of serine was consistently large.
Dietary depletion of vitamin B12and the excretion of methylmalonic acid in the rat
Authors: Williams D. L. , Spray G. H. , Newman G. E. , O'brien J. R. P. 
Published: May 2005

1. A semi-synthetic vitamin B12-deficient diet, based on soya flour, is described. When supplemented with cydnocobalamin the diet appeared to be adequate for growth and reproduction in the rat.2. Compared with their litter-mates on the supplemented diet, rats fed on the deficient diet from weaning showed reduced levels of vitamin B12activity in the plasma and tissues, but their growth rates were unaffected unless they were bred from mothers that had been given the deficient diet since mating.3. When they were reared on the deficient diet, rats bred from mothers on the deficient diet since mating excreted much more methylmalonic acid in the urine than their litter-mates on the supplemented diet. There was wide variation in the level of excretion, both between different animals and from day to day in the same animal.4. Starvation for more than 16 h caused a marked depression in the amount of methylmalonic acid excreted by rats on the deficient diet.5. Intraperitoneal injection of sodium propionate into deficient animals after starvation for 24 h caused increased excretion of methylmalonic acid during the following 16 h of continued starvation. Isoleucine had a similar but smaller effect.6. Tested in the starved animal, sodium propionate and valine given either by intra- peritoneal injection or by mouth, and isoleucine given intraperitoneally, caused increases in the excretion of methylmalonic acid. In contrast, methionine had no effect and threonine only a slight effect.
Production, absorption, distribution and excretion of vitamin B12in sheep
Authors: Smith R. M. , Marston Late H. R. 
Published: May 2005

1. The efficiency of production and utilization of vitamin B12was studied with sheep given a cobalt-deficient diet with and without supplementary Co (1 mg/d). Vitamin B12to lignin ratios in rumen contents were used to estimate minimum rates of production and these were related to faecal and urinary excretion. Tissue distribution and excretion of vitamin B12were studied with [58Co]cyanocobalamin and 5′-deoxyadenosyl[60Co]cobalamin.2. Labelled Co was rapidly sequestered by particulate material in the rumen and was largely excreted in the faeces. Most of the vitamin B12in whole rumen contents was contained in micro-organisms, but was released on incubation at pH 2. Added cyanocobalamin was partly degraded in the rumen.3. The vitamin B12to lignin ratio in rumen contents began to decline 1–3 d after cessation of a daily Co drench. Estimated ruminal production of vitamin B12on full feed was not less than 400–700 μg/d with supplementary Co and 50–110 μg/d from the Co (0.01–0.05 μg/g dry weight) in the basal diet. Production of vitamin B12appeared to be limited by food intake with or without additional Co.4. At full feed the efficiency of production of vitamin B12from Co in the basal diet was about 13% while that from added Co was about 3%. Part of the vitamin B12produced in the rumen was degraded before reaching the faeces and about 5% was absorbed. The minimum total requirements of sheep for vitamin B12are assessed at about 11 μg/d.5. Injected 5′-deoxyadenosylcobalamin was better retained than injected cyanocobalamin, faecal excretion exceeded urinary excretion with both. Labelled cobalamin was selectively retained by liver (particularly by the mitochondria), kidneys and the walls of parts of the alimentary tract. Vitamin B12was secreted into the duodenum and reabsorbed in the ileum, but little secretion occurred above the duodenum and little absorption below the small intestine.