bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The US Biological and Chemical Agression Against Cuba in 1963–1996
Authors: Hernandez Caceres J. L. 
Published: October 2023

For almost 60 years, the United States has tried to overthrow the government of Fidel Castro in Cuba, using a variety of means, including chemical and biological agents. At the same time, their use has always been officially denied by Washington.The purpose of this articleis to summarize the available sources proving the involvement of the United States, as well as the groups of the Cuban opposition created and supported by the US, in biological and chemical sabotage against both the economy and the people of Cuba.Sources, research methods. The author used a variety of open sources, including the statements by Cuban officials, materials from the Cuban and American press, declassified documents from the US government agencies, as well as public confessions of former CIA agents and Cuban opposition figures. The research method is the cross analysis.The discussion of the results. The declassified US documents show that the organizers of «Operation 40» and «Operation Mongoose» planned to use biological agents and parasitic plants against plantations of crops and livestock. Sugar exported to the USSR was also poisoned. In addition, the head of one of the Cuban terrorist organizations admitted that he had imported biological agents to Cuba, which provoked an epidemic of dengue hemorrhagic fever in 1981. The testimoies of several other former CIA agents also point to the use of African swine fever in 1971 to kill pigs in Cuba. The atypical course of the Dengue fever epidemic in 1981, as well as the absence of a strain (Dengue-2) of this virus in the Western Hemisphere at that time, indicate the planned nature of the sabotage, which resulted in an outbreak on the island.Conclusions. During the Cold War, the United States actively used chemical and biological agents against agriculture and the people of Cuba. The facts considered allow us to draw conclusions about the nature of the methods that the CIA used to organize and conduct biosabotage: such operations were planned «in the long run» and had large-scale goals – for example, to eliminate sugar production on the island or cause famine; highly contagious pathogens of human and animal diseases were used for biological sabotage; artificially caused outbreaks of epidemics and epizootics were disguised as natural ones; representatives of the local opposition, as well as mercenaries, were involved in the implementation of sabotage; to infect farm animals, vaccines contaminated with virulent strains directly at biofactories, as well as contaminated feed were used.
Experience in the Use of Smoke to Mask the Combat Operations of the Red Army Troops During the Great Patriotic War
Authors: Smirnov A. О. , Polyakova G. Yu. , Mutasov D. E. , Bondarenko E. V. 
Published: October 2023

The means of smoke camouflage made it possible to carry out many effective operations, while saving and saving many soldiers' lives. The purpose of the work is to summarize the experience of using smoke to mask the combat operations of the Red Army troops during the Great Patriotic War. Materials and research methods. In chronological order, we analyzed documents stored in the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (Podolsk), field manuals of the Red Army of that time, materials on various electronic resources and memoirs of participants in the events. The discussion of the results. If the first year of the war, smoke screens were used to a limited extent only on the Leningrad and Karelian fronts, then in the period from August 1942 to August 1943, 161 smoke screens were placed only on the Kalinin front in order to secure the flanks, as well as divert the attention of the enemy and blind him , which in many cases ensured the absence of irretrievable losses of personnel and combat vehicles. In 1943, the use of smoke became a means of ensuring crossings, for example, during the period of forcing the Dnieper River. The following data speak of the scale of the use of smoke in 1944: in the second half of the year alone, 1,449 smoke screens were delivered on a common front of 1,351 km. In April 1945, 630 smoke screens were delivered with a total front of 700.2 km, both on the main and secondary directions. They were used for operational camouflage on an army front scale. Conclusion. The facts of the use of masking smokes given in the review indicate that smokes were an active means of masking the military operations of troops during the Great Patriotic War, the principles of their use can be used during a special operation in Ukraine.
Highly durable and flexible transparent electrode on PET based on copper and cupronickel multilayer
Authors: Kim Jae Hun , Lee Jinuk , Han Heung Nam , Kim Boumseock 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Multilayer grid electrodes consisting of Cu0.7Ni0.3/Cu/Cu0.7Ni0.3 utilize the high conductivity of Cu to realize low electrical resistance and the high corrosion resistance of CuNi to improve reliability. The effect of thickness of outer CuNi layer on corrosion resistance and visibility was investigated. Samples prepared with 2 μm line width on PET having grid mesh side length of 300 μm, and 60° internal angle with 280 nm thickness showed a transmittance of 90.1% at 550 nm and sheet resistance of 2.4 Ω/□ after grid pattern formation. The low process temperature enabled electrode formation on thin substrate, 23 μm-thick PET and accomplish highly durable and flexible electrode on PET. The superior bending properties showed no change in sheet resistance after 200 000 cycles of outer/inner fatigue bending tests at 3 mm radius of curvature. Additionally, the potential for foldable usage was further supported by demonstrating the ability to form electrodes on both sides of the film.
FROM THE KAZAKHSTAN CRISIS TO SEE HOW RUSSIA INVOLVED IN GLOBAL SECURITY GOVERNANCE
Authors: Zhang Sheng 
Published: October 2023

Although Russia is still weak in global governance in the economic field, we can observe that Russia is growing rapidly in its most advantageous field, security relevant issues. The purpose of this article is to understand how Russia could play a greater role in global security governance via organization institution norms establishment, by reviewing the performance of CSTO led by the Russia during the turmoil in Kazakhstan. The article will discuss how CSTO realizes the organization institutionalization through the actions of Russia, the leading state, and look forward to the conceivable method that CSTO will cooperate with other international government organizations (IGOs) related with security issues based on the norms and business scope of CSTO.
تحمل المسؤولية لدى مدربي كرة القدم من وجهة نظر لاعبي الدوري العراقي الممتاز
Authors: انور علي , خالد زينة 
Published: October 2023

المدرب الذي يواجه صعوبة في تحمل المسؤولية يميل الى التعثر او المثابرة على مهمه معينة او طريقة معينة للتعامل مع المهمة ، لذلك عندما يقوم المدرب بمهمه ما سواء في عملية التدريب او في المنافسات ، ان تحمل المدرب للمسؤولية والتي تعني النضج ’بمعنى أن يكونَ المدرب مسؤولاً عن تصرفاته تجاه اللاعبين ويهدف البحث الى: بناء مقياس تحمل المسؤولية لمدربي كرة القدم من وجهه نظر لاعبي الدوري العراقي الممتاز معرفة تحمل المسؤولية لمدربي كرة القدم من وجهه نظر لاعبي الدوري العراقي الممتاز ولتحقيق هدفا البحث اختار الباحثان المنهج الوصفي بالأسلوب المسحي واختيرت عينة البحث عشوائياً وتوزعت عينت البحث على النحو التالي : عينه التجربة الاستطلاعية اشتملت على ( 30) من اللاعبين بنسبة(5.01%) من مجتمع البحث ، وقد تم اختيارهم بالطريقة العشوائية البسيطة بأسلوب القرعة واشتملت على (150) من اللاعبين وبنسبة (25.08) واشتملت على (100) لاعب وبنسبة (16.72) من مجتمع البحث وبعد بناء المقياس بالاعتماد على الأسس العلمية الصحية توصل الباحثان الى مقياس نهائي على امل تطبيقه وطبق واستخرجت النتائج ليتم استنتاج الاتي ان مدربي كرة القدم لديهم التزام بالأخلاقيات الإنسانية والاهتمام بها على مستوى الشخصي والجماعي ان مدربي كرة القدم لديهم القدرة على تحليل المعلومات العلمية واتباع الطرق المختلفة للوصول الى الأهداف المطلوبة بناء على تلك المعلومات كما أوصى الباحثان بعدة توصيات منها دعم مدربي كرة القدم من خلال تقديم الدعم المادي والمعنوي لتشجيعهم على تطوير مستوى أدائهم ، وإقامة دورات وندوات تدريبية ترفع من مستوى المدربين الفني والتدريبي.
الكلمات المفتاحية: (تحمل المسؤولية، المدربين، كرة القدم)
Effective and efficient design and manufacture of a plastic waste press machine
Authors: Prantasi Harmi Tjahjanti  , A'rasy Fahruddin  , Agus Hermawanto  , Septian Firmansyah  
Published: October 2023

In Madiredo Village, which is located in Pujon District, Malang Regency, there are many business programs. The problem is that these efforts result in a wide range of waste, including up to 5 tons per day of residential waste and other corporate waste. The debris was gathered from the Bengkaras Hamlet, Madirero Village Reduce, Reuse, Recycle (TPST 3R) Integrated debris Management Site. However, a lot of plastic garbage has still leaked out of the packing. The objective is to create a press machine (press) with an electric motor so that packed plastic trash and levers (used when the power goes out) no longer require manual work. The process involves designing and producing waste press machines, particularly for cardboard, plastic trash, and old bottles. Use of the 2016 version of Solidworks for the simulation design. The lowest stress, 2.038 x 104 N/m2, and the highest Von Misses stress, 2.825 x 108 N/m2, are determined by the modeling findings. The biggest displacement or deflection is 1.737 x 10 mm, while the smallest displacement is 0 mm. The values of the strain range from 1.880 x 10-7 to a minimum of 6.00 x 10-4. Safety factor has a value greater than 1 A 1 horsepower AC motor is used in the press machine's construction. Three different distance stopper pressing variables—33 cm, 35 cm, and 37 cm—as well as various types of waste plastic bags, plastic bottles, and cartons/cardboard are used to test the pressing performance. The results show that pressing plastic trash at a distance from the pressing stopper of 37 cm, a mass of 167 kg, a time of 2.2 minutes, and a compressive force of 6546.4 N/m2 may pack or package well for garbage in plastic bags
Tinjauan Hukum Islam terhadap Praktik Uang Kethip di Pasar Dhoplang Desa Pandan Slogohimo Wonogiri
Authors: Veronika Agis , Kadenun Kadenun , Wahyudi Wahyudi 
Published: October 2023

Buying and selling is exchanging assets for assets in a certain way or exchanging something that is desired in a commensurate way through certain ways that are useful. Buying and selling transactions are activities that are permissible in Islam based on the Koran, hadith, and the consensus of the Ulama. In transactions at the Dhoplang Market, buyers are required to exchange rupiah into coins made of wood, this money is called kethip money and the place to exchange it is in a place to exchange money or called a place where money is exchanged. The data sources for this research are primary data sources where the data is obtained from buying and selling parties in the market and secondary data sources, namely data sources obtained from notes and books and are already related to the problems the author is researching. The method used by the author to collect information and data is using observation, interviews and documentation, as well as data analysis techniques using deductive analysis. The conclusion that can be drawn from this Kethip money is money made of wood and the nominal value is the same as the rupiah currency used in everyday life. How to use it, the buyer exchanges rupiah for kethip money, that is, exchanges it first at the place where the money is collected, after which the buyer can spend whatever has been provided by the seller, namely food, drinks and handicrafts. Transaction practices at the Dhoplang Market have fulfilled the pillars and conditions and legal status in Islam may be used.
Educación, complejidad y transformación social a través del covid 19
Authors: González Castro Juan Carlos Arturo , Corrales Félix Gloria Leticia , Tostado Assid Juana María , Lozáno González Alma Rosa Lydia , González Aurora , Morquecho Sánchez Raquel 
Published: October 2023

La pandemia global del Covid-19 llegó sorpresivamente a nuestro país oriilandonos a permanecer en confinamiento durante más de un ciclo escolar, se han modificando cada una de las áreas económicas, sociales y educativas. Estos cambios considerables en la actividad humana permitió alteraciones en la relación entre docentes y alumnos al no trabajar en su área “habitual” obligandolos a adaptarse a la nueva modalidad. De ello surgió el interes de desarrollar una investigación en la que se analiza la relación entre maestro-alumno en epoca de pandemia especificamente en el nivel medio superior; pero no se puede realizar un estudio sin conocer los antecedentes de esta afinidad entre ellos, por esa razón se ofrece una breve descripción de las acciones histórico-educativas del actuar entre docentes y estudiantes en la formación del pensamiento y la transmisión del conocimiento. Partimos de una encuesta realizada a 146 estudiantes del nivel medio superior (primer semestre) en el que se les solicitaba a los alumnos seleccionar el protótipo de un “buen docente”, cómo se le describe, su función dentro del aula y finalmente la relación que ejerce en el propio escolar. Al interpretar las respuetas obtenidas encontramos que se considera al docente como una persona que instruye, enseña conocimientos útiles para la vida, que se aprende del maestro para lograr un buen trabajo en el futuro y que el alumno sigue una serie de normativas de convivencia y aprendizaje para poder educarse y vivir en sociedad. Ésta investigación ofrece una breve descripción de cómo se ha ido transformando la relación entre docentes y educandos antes y durante la pandemia, además de encontrar alternativas a la comunicación efectiva superando los cambios constantes en la educación.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EUROFIT TEST BATTERY AND FREESTYLE SWIMMING TIMES OF 7-11 YEARS OLD SWIMMERS
Authors: YOL Yeliz , SUNAY Hakan 
Published: October 2023

The correlation between specific attributes such as strength, power, balance, flexibility, and swimming speed can play a significant role in the selection process. Tests like the Eurofit test battery can provide insights into the evaluation of these parameters. However, very few studies have focused on the correlation between data obtained from the Eurofit test battery and swimming speed. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the relationship between the Eurofit test battery results and freestyle swimming times in the age range of 7-11 years for swimmers.
A total of 30 athletes participated in the study, including 14 males and 16 females. The tests were conducted according to the instructions of the Eurofit Test Battery in a manner consistent with its guidelines. Correlation tests were applied to assess the strength of relationships among all parameters based on the normal distribution status of the athletes' data. Pearson correlation test type was used for parameters exhibiting a normal distribution, while Spearman Rank correlation test type was employed for parameters not showing a normal distribution. In the findings, a significant positive correlation was found between free still swimming time and balance, arm movement time (sec), while a significant negative correlation was found between flexibility, long jump, hand grip and 30 s sit-up. As a result, it can be said that balance and arm movement speed are positively correlated with free still swimming time of elementary school swimmers, whereas 30 s sit-up (sec), hand grip strength, long jump and flexibility are negatively correlated.
The Use of Artificial Neural Networks for Prediction of Water in Oil Emulsions' Viscosity from Brazilian Light Oils
Authors: Oliveira Rafael da Silva , Souza Troner Assenheimer de , Ahón Victor Rolando Ruiz 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Brazilian offshore activity has increased substantially in recent years, with many new oil fields being developed, and there is also a significant investment in the maintenance and optimization of existing ones. In all cases, the presence of water-in-oil emulsions during oil production is a critical issue, causing pressure drops in subsea lines and adding complexity to petroleum processing, resulting in a loss of productivity and quality of the produced oil. The factors mentioned can determine the technical and economic viability of offshore oil production, so predicting this property is crucial for both the project and operational stages, although it is not an easy task to accomplish. Several empirical correlations are present in the open literature to predict the viscosity of emulsions, but usually, they are not accurate enough to be directly applied to Brazilian oils.
In this paper, a machine learning approach based on the review of the literature and good practices used in the oil and gas industry and other engineering fields is proposed to predict water in oil emulsions viscosity. Was utilized 726 data points of light oil from different Brazilian fields to train an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The input variables for the regression problem were temperature, water cut, shear rate, and °API, while the output was the relative viscosity of the emulsion. The Python programming language was used for statistical treatment, data processing, mathematical modeling, and resolution of the presented problem.
After training the ANN, the resulting model demonstrated good performance, with a coefficient of determination (R2) above 0.99 for the data used for testing. The final model obtained underwent cross-validation and the mean value for R2 was also above 0.99, proving the methodology's capability to create generic models for the presented problem.
Age-dependent patterns of somatostatinergic neurons in sympathetic paravertebral ganglia
Authors: Emanuilov A. I. , Porseva V. V. , Pavlov A. V. , Masliukov P. M. 
Published: October 2023

Aim. We aimed to determine the content of neurons expressing somatostatin (SST) and their colocalization with cells expressing tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the cranial cervical ganglion (CCG) and celiac plexus in rats. Material and methods. We used 30 white male Wistar rats of six age groups (5 rats per group): newborn pups, 10-, 20-, 30-, and 60-day-old pups, and 24-month-old pups. We incubated their ganglia sections with primary antibodies against SST, NPY, and TH, as well as with secondary antibodies conjugated with fluorochromes. We evaluated the ratio between immunoreactive (IR) neurons with a visible nucleolus and excessive fluorescence and the total number of neurons, as well as the average cross-sectional area, by ImageJ software (NIH, USA).Results. SST-IR neurons were not found in the CCG. However, the immunoreaction (as granules) was revealed in most perikaryons at the celiac plexus for SST and NPY with a rather homogeneous distribution for TH. The ratio of ST-IR neurons reached 33% in pups, doubled during the first month of life, and then remained constant (70–73%). No statistically significant differences were found between the ratios of SST-IR neurons of the cranial mesenteric ganglion (CMG) and celiac ganglion (CG) for all age groups. From the moment of birth to 60 days of life, the average cross-sectional area of SST-IR neurons in the CG and CMG increased by 3.4–3.9 times and then did not change until 24 months. From the 20th day of life, the average cross-sectional area of SST-IR neurons in the CG was significantly higher than that in the CMG. All SST-IR neurons in all age groups expressed TH, while 90–94% of neurons expressed NPY. Conclusions. The content of ST-IR neurons in different sympathetic nodes is not the same: they are absent in the CCG, and their ratio and area in the celiac plexus increase during early postnatal development. This may be due to the peculiarities of innervated target organs.
Ways to increase the regenerative potential of mesenchymal stromal cells
Authors: Payushina O. V. , Tsomartova D. A. , Chereshneva E. V. , Ivanova M. Yu. , Mukhamedova S. G. , Pavlova M. S. , Kuznetsov S. L. 
Published: October 2023

The ability of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to migrate into tissue defects and stimulate regeneration makes them a valuable resource for cell therapy. However, in many cases, in vitro cultivation and the influence of the pathological microenvironment in the patient’s body reduce the viability and therapeutic efficacy of MSCs, so their regenerative potential needs to be strengthened. Preconditioning with hormones, cytokines, various chemical or physical factors, cultivation in a three-dimensional environment or at a reduced oxygen content improves the ability of MSCs to colonize damaged tissue, survive in it, and produce regulatory molecules for regeneration. The same goals can be achieved by genetic modification of MSCs. In addition, with the help of transfected MSCs, it is possible to deliver genes necessary for the treatment of hereditary or oncological diseases into the tissue. Finally, an alternative to avoid a decrease in the therapeutic potential of subsequently transplanted MSCs during cultivation can be stimulation of the migration of endogenous patient cells from tissue niches through the systemic circulation to the area of damage. The development of these approaches opens the way to increasing the efficiency of using MSCs in regenerative medicine.
Sosialisasi Teknologi Tepat Guna Qr Code Dalam Upaya Pelestarian Punden Dan Sumur Windhu Desa Gadel
Authors: Fahreza Aqshal Hasbi , Setiawati Ririt Iriani , Perdana Putra 
Published: October 2023

Service activities of group 75 on thematic community programs University of Pembangunan Nasional Veteran east Java which are located in karangpoh village,tandes sub-district with scheme the tourism village has a significant impact on the local community.the excistence of historical buildings such as Punden and Sumur Windhu become religious tourism for people who are looking for tranquility, but there are still many people around gadel village who don’t have awareness to participate in preserving buildings that are considered sacred by local community.according to the problem, we are students of group 75 UPN, have tried to make people around us understand the history of punden by making QR programs as our first step and community socialization as our next continuing control.The QR code are connected to our group youtube account which are containing of an ancient illustration video. The video is supposed to be the best guide for the next generation to find out the true stories of punden history from the beginning existence.we were using interviews and socializations methods. We are highly expectation that Our compilied programs could be increase the knowledge and the insight of the community about the importance of preserving historical buildings