bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of the Reaction of Model Reactive Armour to Jet Attack
Authors: Trzciński Waldemar Andrzej , Trębiński Radosław , Cudziło Stanisław 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe reaction of a model reactive armour to a jet attack was studied as well experimentally as theoretically. An analysis of the process of driving metal plates of the armour by the gaseous products of the detonation initiated in a confined layer of an explosive by the jet at various incidence angles was performed. The X‐ray impulse photography was applied to record the motion of plates at two perpendicular directions. The theoretical analysis was performed by using a simple model, in which the plate deformation and finite time of its acceleration were taken into account. The time‐space characteristics of the motion of model reactive armour elements obtained from experiments and numerical modelling can be applied for designing cumulative heads destined for destroying armours protected by reactive armour.
Design of high‐strength concrete members: state‐of‐the‐art
Authors: Mendis Priyan 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe advancement of material technology and production has led to higher grades of concrete strengths. In recent years a marked increase in the use of high‐strength concrete (compressive strength, f′c>50 MPa) has been evident in construction projects around the world. High‐strength concrete (HSC) offers significantly better structural engineering properties, such as higher compressive and tensile strengths, higher stiffness, better durability, compared with conventional normal‐strength concrete (NSC). Many structures built now have at least some components constructed with HSC. However, to a large extent, practice has preceded theory with constitutive equations simply being extrapolated to higher strengths. The main concern regarding the use of HS Concrete is the reduction in ductility with the increase in compressive strength observed under uniaxial compression. Past research has shown that members made of HSC exhibit, in some instances, different failure mechanisms, and simply extrapolating models and equations meant for NSC to HSC may lead to unsafe designs. Major codes of practice around the world are still based on experimental and theoretical results derived from investigations on NSC. Individual design rules codified in any of the national and international design codes need to be experimentally verified and categorized with a view to taking further action. In some instances structural designers are unable to take full advantage of the material because of insufficient information.Recent developments in design and performance of HSC members, especially the papers published within the last two or three years are presented in this paper. The paper covers the topics of engineering properties, fire design, flexural members, shear and torsion, bond and anchorage, HSC columns, transmission of HSC column loads through weaker slabs, walls, impact resistance and seismic design of HSC structures. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bloch waves of small high‐Tc bipolarons
Authors: Alexandrov A. S. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractOver the last decade several competing models of high‐temperature superconductivity were proposed, most of them with short‐range interactions. We review a more realistic model with strong on‐site repulsive correlations, the Coulomb and strong finite‐range electron–phonon interactions. Bipolarons in the model exist in the itinerant Bloch states at temperatures below about half of the characteristic phonon frequency. Depending on the ratio of the inter‐site Coulomb repulsion and the polaron level shift, the ground state of the model is a polaronic Fermi (or Luttinger) liquid, bipolaronic high‐Tc superconductor, or charge‐segregated insulator for the strong, intermediate, and weak Coulomb repulsion, respectively. Two particular lattices are analysed in detail: a chain with the finite range electron–phonon interaction and a zig‐zag ladder. Charge carriers in the ladder are superlight mobile intersite bipolarons. They propagate coherently without emission or absorption of phonons with about the same mass as single polarons. The model describes key features of the cuprates, in particular their Tc values, different isotope effects, normal state pseudogaps, and spectral functions measured in tunnelling and photoemission.
Propagator and Slater sum in one‐body potential theory
Authors: March N. H. , Howard I. A. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractFor a one‐body potential V(r) generating eigenfunctions ψi(r) and corresponding eigenvalues ϵi, the Feynman propagator K(r, r′, t) is simply related to the canonical density matrix C(r, r}′, β) by β → it. The diagonal element S(r, r},β) of C is the so‐called Slater sum of statistical mechanics. Differential equations for the Slater sum are first briefly reviewed, a quite general equation being available for a one‐dimensional potential V(x). This equation can be solved for a sech2 potential, and some physical properties of interest such as the local density of states are derived by way of illustration. Then, the Coulomb potential –Ze2/r is next considered, and it is shown that what is essentially the inverse Laplace transform of S(r, β)/β can be calculated for an arbitrary number of closed shells. Blinder has earlier determined the Feynman propagator in terms of Whittaker functions and contact is here established with his work. The currently topical case of Fermion vapours which are harmonically confined is then treated, for both two and three dimensions. Finally, in an Appendix, a perturbation series for the Slater sum is briefly summarized, to all orders in the one‐body potential V(r). The corresponding kinetic energy is thereby accessible.
Moore's law: new playground for quantum physics
Authors: Van Rossum M. , Schoenmaker W. , Magnus W. , De Meyer K. , Croitoru M. D. , Gladilin V. N. , Fomin V. M. , Devreese J. T. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractCMOS technology has been proven as one of the most important achievements in modern engineering history. In less than 30 years, it has become the primary engine driving the world economy. Device scaling makes this possible. For decades, progress in device scaling has followed an exponential curve: this has come to be known as Moore's law. Downscaling such devices like MOSFETs to their limiting sizes is a key challenge of the semiconductor industry now. Therefore device simulation requires new theory and modeling techniques, what helps to improve the understanding of device physics and design, for structures at the sub‐100 nm scale, and complements experimental work in addressing this challenge. We present a new approach, which allows us to make predictions about performance of future MOSFETs. The quantum‐mechanical features of the electron transport are extracted from the numerical solution of the quantum Liouville equation in the Wigner function representation.
Investigation of EDTA anticoagulant in plasma to improve the throughput of liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric assays
Authors: Sadagopan Nalini P. , Li Wenlin , Cook Jack A. , Galvan Betsy , Weller David L. , Fountain Scott T. , Cohen Lucinda H. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractIn this study, EDTA and heparin are compared as anticoagulants with respect to their efficiency in preventing clot formation in plasma samples that were subsequently analyzed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). A pilot in vivo pharmacokinetic study for the drug chlorpheniramine was conducted in which both EDTA and heparin plasma samples were collected simultaneously. All conditions except the anticoagulant were held constant during the pharmacokinetic study. Bioanalytical results were compared from samples transferred by manual pipette and by an automated liquid handler workstation. The concentration of chlorpheniramine in samples was determined by LC/MS/MS. Results from the analysis of variances (ANOVA) of log‐transformed plasma chlorpheniramine concentrations were used to calculate 90% confidence intervals for the ratio least‐squares mean values for anticoagulants and for transfer methods. Analytical concentrations of the drug chlorpheniramine were equivalent in heparin‐ and EDTA‐containing plasma. Results suggest that the failure rate for transfer of EDTA plasma (50 μL by automated workstation or manually) is less than that for heparinized plasma. As a consequence of these results, the vast majority of plasma samples in our laboratories are now collected in EDTA, which allows for use of automated sample transfer resulting in a three‐fold timesaving over manual transfer using a single‐channel pipette. The ability to use automation has resulted in improved efficiency and cost savings. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimization of in‐gel protein digestion system in combination with thin‐gel separation and negative staining in 96‐well plate format
Authors: Katayama Hiroyuki , Satoh Keiko , Takeuchi Masakazu , Deguchi‐Tawarada Maki , Oda Yoshiya , Nagasu Takeshi 
Published: April 2003

AbstractImprovement of in‐gel digestion efficiency is highly desirable for one‐ or two‐dimensional gel electrophoretic separation and mass spectrometric (MS) analysis in proteomics, because the resultant increases in sequence coverage and MS signal intensity lead to higher confidence in protein identification. Here an optimized in‐gel digestion system, in combination with thin‐gel separation and negative staining in a high‐throughput format using 96‐well plates, is described. The combination of negative staining and protein separation on a 0.9 mm thick gel showed a clear improvement in in‐gel digestion efficiency in comparison with the more typical protocols such as the combination of silver staining and a 1.0 mm gel. In addition, the use of 96‐well plates to increase throughput did not decrease the efficiency of this strategy when the stirring of the gel pieces in processes such as destaining, washing, gel‐shrinking and peptide extraction was performed by sonication instead of shaking the plates. This procedure was optimized and applied to identify proteins of the postsynaptic density fraction; 105 proteins were identified after SDS‐PAGE separation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organization of the endoplasmic reticulum in dividing cells of the gymnosperms Pinus brutia and Pinus nigra, and of the pterophyte Asplenium nidus
Authors: Zachariadis M , Quader H , Galatis B , Apostolakos P 
Published: April 2003

AbstractEndoplasmic reticulum (ER) organization in the dividing cells of the pterophyte Asplenium nidus and of the gymnosperms Pinus brutia and Pinus nigra has been studied by immunolocalization techniques using the monoclonal antibody 2E7, which recognizes luminar ER resident proteins containing C‐terminal HDEL sequences. In the pterophyte, the ER reorganization during cell cycle is similar to that in angiosperms. Among others, prominent ER gatherings were found at the mitotic spindle poles and in the phragmoplast during cytokinesis. However, in the gymnosperms examined, the ER displays a unique pattern of reorganization not described so far. In both the Pinus species, well‐defined ER patterns are successively formed during cell cycle. They are the preprophase ER‐band, the prophase‐ metaphase‐ and anaphase ER‐spindle, the interzonal ER‐system, the ER‐phragmoplast and an ER‐system lining the daughter cell wall. The ER patterns are closely similar to that of the correspondent microtubule (MT) arrangements with which they are co‐organized.Observations made on P. nigra root‐cells affected by oryzalin, colchicine and cytochalasin D favour the conclusion that the pattern of ER organization is controlled during mitosis and cytokinesis by the MT cytoskeleton.
Psychophysiological correlates in male to female transsexuals studied with a P300 investigation
Authors: PAPAGEORGIOU C. , PAPAGEORGAKI P. , TOLIS G. , RABAVILAS A. D. , CHRISTODOULOU G. N. 
Published: April 2003

Background. Transsexualism is thought to be related to cortical processes reflecting a complex mosaic of biological, psychological and social/cultural information. Since the P300 component of event-related potentials is considered as an index of attentional processes, the present study focuses on auditory P300 elicited during a short memory test in male to female (MF) transsexuals, compared with that in healthy controls.Method. The P300 component was evaluated during the anticipatory period of a short memory test in 13 MF transsexuals who had a gender reassignment operation, at least 3 years previously (mean time 17·6 years, range 3–31 years) and 26 healthy subjects (11 males and 15 females) matched for age and educational level.Results. MF transsexuals exhibited significant reduction of P300 amplitude in the left frontal and temporoparietal areas in comparison to the control group. Furthermore, the group of transsexuals showed a significant delay of P300 latency in comparison to the controls, at the central frontal region.Conclusions. These findings point to significant psychophysiological alterations of distributed cortical circuits in MF transsexuals. These alterations may be critically related to the biological substrate of MF transsexualism.
Radar observations of the autumn migration of the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and other moths in northern China
Authors: Feng H.-Q. , Wu K.-M. , Cheng D.-F. , Guo Y.-Y. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe autumn return migration of the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua Hübner and other insects in northern China was observed with radar and with a simultaneously-operated searchlight trap and ground light-trap at a site in Langfang, near Beijing. The searchlight trap was found to be an efficient tool for trapping migrants and, operated alongside a ground light-trap, could distinguish migrant from locally-flying species. It was confirmed that S. exigua and some other species were high-altitude nocturnal windborne migrants during September and October in northern China. Maximum density of moths typically occurred below 500 m, and strong layering was often observed at about 200 m above ground level in airflows that would carry the moths towards the south. Descent of S. exigua in the vicinity of the radar site in late September was often associated with rain.
AN AUTOMATIC SATELLITE INTERPRETATION OF TROPICAL CYCLONE PATTERNS USING ELASTIC GRAPH DYNAMIC LINK MODEL
Authors: LEE RAYMOND S. T. , LIU JAMES N. K. 
Published: April 2003

In the past decades, satellite interpretation was one of the vital methods for the determination of weather patterns all over the world, especially for the identification of severe weather patterns such as tropical cyclones (TC). The method is based on Dvorak Technique8 which provides a means of the identification of the cyclone and its intensity. This is a kind of pattern-matching techniques and is based on some well-known TC templates for reference. Due to the high variation and complexity of cloud activities for the tropical cyclone patterns, meteorological analysts all over the world so far are still relying on subjective human justification for TC identification purposes. In this paper, an Elastic Graph Dynamic Link Model (EGDLM) is proposed to automate the satellite interpretation process and provides an objective analysis for tropical cyclones. The method integrates Dynamic Link Architecture (DLA) for neural dynamics and Active Contour Model (ACM) for contour extraction of TC patterns. Over 120 satellite pictures provided by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) were used to evaluate the system, and 145 tropical cyclone cases that appeared in the period between 1990 to 1998 were extracted for the study. An overall correct rate for TC classification was found to be above 95%. For hurricanes with distinct "eye" formation, the model reported a deviation within 3 km from the "actual eye" location, which was obtained from the reconnaissance aircraft measurements of minimum surface pressure.
Stereochemically Pure Acridine-modified DNA for Site-selective Activation and Scission of RNA
Authors: Shi Yun , Kuzuya Akinori , Komiyama Makoto 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
Two phosphoramidite monomers bearing acridine, which differ in the configuration at the branching point of the linker, have been synthesized and incorporated in DNA. In site-selective RNA scission by Lu(III), the DNA derived from l-threoninol linker is 2.5 times as effective as that from d-threoninol, confirming the importance of appropriate stereochemistry for efficient RNA activation.
Hydrophobic Coating Platforms for High‐Efficiency Loading and Direct Transmembrane Delivery of Fat‐Soluble Osteogenic Drug for Enhanced Osseointegration of Titanium Implants
Authors: Chen Yicheng , Ning Xiaona , Jia Xuelian , Xin He , Kong Shaolingzhuo , Wu Ben , Ding Tiexin , Zhu Simin , Ren Xiaomin , Zhang Xiao , Lu Zihan , Zhang Yufan , Zhang Wenhui , Zhang Yu , Kong Liang , Wang Guocheng , Liu Fuwei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCompared with water‐soluble osteogenic drugs, fat‐soluble osteogenic drugs exhibit higher bioavailability and drug stability, making them valuable for enhancing the osseointegration of implants. However, existing drug‐loading coatings are primarily designed for water‐soluble drugs, limiting their effectiveness in loading and delivering fat‐soluble osteogenic drugs. This study employed alkali treatment, silanization, and oleic acid acylation to sequentially modify the surface of Ti alloy, aiming to fabricate surfaces capable of efficiently loading and delivering fat‐soluble osteogenic drugs. Results show that the hydrophilicity and loading capacity of fat‐soluble osteogenic drugs strongly depended on the duration of the acylation treatment. Furthermore, the drug release mechanism involved direct diffusion from the coating to the cells in contact, resulting in improved bioavailability, as opposed to diffusion into the surrounding medium and subsequent cellular uptake. In vitro experiments using vitamine D3 (VD3) as a model drug confirmed that the coating effectively promoted bone formation through the highly efficient delivery of VD3. Furthermore, in vivo experiments demonstrated that the VD3‐loaded lipophilic surface significantly enhanced osteogenic capability and improved the osseointegration of titanium implants. This study provides a promising strategy for loading fat‐soluble drugs onto Ti implants and direct experimental evidence demonstrating the significant value of fat‐soluble drugs in promoting implant osseointegration.
Low‐Temperature, Universal Synthetic Route for Mesoporous Metal Oxides by Exploiting Synergistic Effect of Thermal Activation and Plasma
Authors: Kim Keon‐Woo , Seok Hyunho , Son Sihoon , Park Su‐Jeong , Yang Chanwoo , Lee Dongho , Lee Hyo‐Chang , Mun Jihun , Yeom Hee‐Jung , Yoon Min Young , Park Bomi , Kim Se Hyun , Jo Changshin , Moon Hong Chul , Kim Taesung , Kim Jin Kon 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMesoporous metal oxides exhibit excellent physicochemical properties and are widely used in various fields, including energy storage/conversion, catalysis, and sensors. Although several soft‐template approaches are reported, high‐temperature calcination for both metal oxide formation and template removal is necessary, which limits direct synthesis on a plastic substrate for flexible devices. Here, a universal synthetic approach that combines thermal activation and oxygen plasma to synthesize diverse mesoporous metal oxides (V2O5, V6O13, TiO2, Nb2O5, WO3, and MoO3) at low temperatures (150–200 °C), which can be applicable to a flexible polymeric substrate is introduced. As a demonstration, a flexible micro‐supercapacitor is fabricated by directly synthesizing mesoporous V2O5 on an indium‐tin oxide‐coated colorless polyimide film. The energy storage performance is well maintained under severe bending conditions.
Advanced Molecular Design for Efficient Multicolor Electrochemiluminescence and Amplified Spontaneous Emission Based on Tetra‐BF2 Complexes
Authors: Cui Luxia , Horioka Ami , Ishimatsu Ryoichi , Mamada Masashi , Adachi Chihaya , Tahara Keishiro , Hoshino Yu , Ono Toshikazu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAdvanced organoboron dyes, incorporating tetra‐boron difluoride (tetra‐BF2) moieties, are developed, demonstrating efficient electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emissions in the green to orange regions through direct ion annihilation. By introducing diverse alkyl modifications in the molecules, luminescence color tuning is achieved via alterations in conjugation and bending angle. A photoluminescence quantum yield of 100% in dilute solutions is successfully achieved. Notably, the introduction of alkyl groups to the methine side stabilizes the radical ionic state, resulting in a high ECL efficiency of 74% through an efficient radical‐ion annihilation pathway. The key factor is that the energy of the annihilation reaction exceeds the S1 energy required for luminescence. Spin density calculations further elucidate the substituent effects on the radical ions of complexes. Moreover, the lasing properties of these materials in the solution‐processed blend films are investigated, revealing a low amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) threshold (Eth) of 6.40 ± 0.24 µJ cm−2, which is notably lower among organic laser materials. This is attributed to their large Stokes shifts and high quantum yield. The excellent ECL and ASE performances establish these materials as a valuable addition to the existing library of organoboron dyes, offering fresh insights into the development of organic solid‐state lasers.
Enantioselective Acyl‐Transfer/Protonation Reactions with Designed Chiral Thiourea‐Iminophosphorane Catalysts
Authors: Kong Julie , Lacroix Charlie , Bournaud Chloée , Yamashita Yasuhiro , Kobayashi Shū , Vo‐Thanh Giang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA designed chiral thiourea‐iminophosphorane catalyst was developed to afford α‐acyloxythioesters through enantioselective acyl‐transfer/protonation of α‐acyloxy‐β‐ketosulfides. The desired reaction proceeded in good yields with high enantioselectivities using a chiral thiourea‐iminophosphorane bearing a pyrrolidine scaffold.
Efficient Recovery of Complete Gut Viral Genomes by Combined Short‐ and Long‐Read Sequencing
Authors: Chen Jingchao , Sun Chuqing , Dong Yanqi , Jin Menglu , Lai Senying , Jia Longhao , Zhao Xueyang , Wang Huarui , Gao Na L. , Bork Peer , Liu Zhi , Chen Wei‐Hua , Zhao Xing‐Ming 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCurrent metagenome assembled human gut phage catalogs contained mostly fragmented genomes. Here, comprehensive gut virome detection procedure is developed involving virus‐like particle (VLP) enrichment from ≈500 g feces and combined sequencing of short‐ and long‐read. Applied to 135 samples, a Chinese Gut Virome Catalog (CHGV) is assembled consisting of 21,499 non‐redundant viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs) that are significantly longer than those obtained by short‐read sequencing and contained ≈35% (7675) complete genomes, which is ≈nine times more than those in the Gut Virome Database (GVD, ≈4%, 1,443). Interestingly, the majority (≈60%, 13,356) of the CHGV vOTUs are obtained by either long‐read or hybrid assemblies, with little overlap with those assembled from only the short‐read data. With this dataset, vast diversity of the gut virome is elucidated, including the identification of 32% (6,962) novel vOTUs compare to public gut virome databases, dozens of phages that are more prevalent than the crAssphages and/or Gubaphages, and several viral clades that are more diverse than the two. Finally, the functional capacities are also characterized of the CHGV encoded proteins and constructed a viral‐host interaction network to facilitate future research and applications.