bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TRICOEPITELIOMA EM CÃO: RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Rizzi Ana Carla da Silva , Rizzi Ana Carolina da Silva , Berno Gabriela , Rahmeier Gabriela , Arboleya  Karla Daniele , Mariussi Thalia Vitoria , Matos Monica Regina de , Rorig Maria Cecília de Lima 
Published: September 2023

O tricoepitelioma é uma neoplasia cutânea do folículo piloso de baixa incidência na rotina clínica veterinária, acometendo principalmente cães com idade superior a cinco anos. Os fatores associados ao seu desenvolvimento permanecem desconhecidos. Na maioria dos casos, as regiões do tronco e membros dos cães são os locais de maior acometimento pela neoformação, podendo afetar outras regiões. O diagnóstico é estabelecido através da associação do histórico do paciente, achados do exame físico e resultado do exame histopatológico. A excisão cirúrgica completa da neoplasia com amplas margens de segurança é considerada o tratamento de eleição. O presente relato tem como objetivo descrever um caso de tricoepitelioma benigno em um cão da raça Golden Retriever de 8 anos de idade, atendido na Clínica Veterinária Universitária (CLIVET) da PUCPR, Campus Toledo, com histórico de presença de uma massa em região dorsolombar. Na avaliação clínica foi observado a presença de uma neoformação aderida ao subcutâneo em região dorsal próxima a lombar, de consistência macia, pedunculada, medindo 4 x 5 x 4,5 cm e parcialmente ulcerada na superfície. O paciente foi submetido a exames complementares de hemograma, bioquímica sérica e citologia por punção aspirativa por agulha fina (PAAF), no qual este último apresentou resultado inconclusivo. Dessa forma, o mesmo foi encaminhado para o procedimento cirúrgico para realização de nodulectomia. Fragmentos da neoformação foram submetidos a análise histopatológica, revelando o diagnóstico de tricoepitelioma benigno. Após recuperação anestésica e estabilidade do quadro cirúrgico, foi instituído alta médica. A escolha da técnica cirúrgica empregada neste caso, denominada nodulectomia, demonstrou-se eficaz até o presente momento, minimizando os riscos de complicações decorrentes da neoplasia.
ANALISIS GC-MS (GASS CROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY) TERHADAP BATANG KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineesis Jaq.)
Authors: Indriani Susi , Isdaryanti Isdaryanti , Agustia Monika , Poleuleng Andi Besse , Syahra Nur Jihad , Prastiyo Yulius Budi 
Published: September 2023

Indonesia yang merupakan salah satu negara yang menjadikan kelapa sawit sebagai salah satu tanaman komoditas perkebunan utama yang penting. Diantara seluruh tanaman penghasil minyak yang ada, kelapa sawit menghasilkan produksi minyak paling tinggi dibandingkan dengan tanaman penghasil minyak yang lain contohnya minyak kacang kedelai. Keunggulan lain adalah kadar senyawa kolesterol yang terkandung dalam minyak sawit relatif lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan minyak nabati lainnya. Oleh karena itu, perlu dianalisis lebih lanjut terkait kandungan senyawa-senyawa yang terdapat dalam tanaman sawit. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menganalisis kandungan senyawa hasil ekstraksi bagian batang tanaman sawit dengan menggunakan instrumen GC-MS. Hasil analisis GC-MS pada sampel yang dilakukan menunjukan 14 puncak (peak) terdeteksi yang mewakilkan 11 komponen senyawa. Berdasarkan analisis 11 komponen senyawa, didapatkan tiga senyawa yang memiliki nilai persen area yang paling signifikan, yaitu senyawa 2-Propenoic acid, 1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl ester, exo- sebesar 39.06%; senyawa Isobornyl propionate sebesar 16.21% dan senyawa yang terakhir adalah Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid, 3-methylene-,1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl ester (CAS) CYCLOPENTANIC dengan nilai persen area sebesar 12.99%.
PENGARUH KOMBINASI NUTRISI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN SELADA MERAH (Lactuca sativa var. Lollorosa) PADA HIDROPONIK SISTEM WICK
Authors: Wardhana Ridwan Kusuma , Sugiono Darso , Rahayu Yayu Sri 
Published: September 2023

Selada merupakan tanaman yang diambil daunnya untuk digunakan sebagai lalapan maupun salad. Permintaan tanaman selada tergolong cukup tinggi dipasar dunia. Upaya masyarakat untuk meningkatkan produksi sayuran di Indonesia mengalami kendala, antara lain alih fungsi lahan pertanian menjadi lahan non pertanian dan menyusutnya lahan pertanian subur di daerah lain, mengakibatkan dalam produksi salad belum memenuhi kebutuhan konsumen. Upaya peningkatan hasil selada dapat dilakukan dengan hidroponik. Larutan nutrisi merupakan sumber nutrisi bagi tanaman dalam sistem hidroponik. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan kombinasi nutrisi yang dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil terbaik tanaman selada merah (Lactuca sativa var. Lollorosa) dengan hidroponik sistem wick. Percobaan ini dilaksanakan di Greenhouse Telagadesa, Puseurjaya, Telukjambe Timur, Karawang, Jawa Barat. Pelaksanaan percobaan ini berlangsung selama 2 bulan yaitu dimulai pada tanggal 20 Februari 2023 sampai dengan 3 April 2023. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktor tunggal yang terdiri dari 7 perlakuan yang diulang sebanyak 4 kali ulangan. Perlakuan yang diterapkan, yaitu A (AB Mix 3,2 EC), B (AB Mix 1,5 EC + Bayfolan 6 ml), C (AB Mix 1,8 EC + Bayfolan 3 ml), D (AB Mix 1,2 EC + Bayfolan 9 ml), E (AB Mix 1,5 EC + POC 6 ml), F (AB Mix 1,8 EC + POC 3 ml), dan G (AB Mix 1,2 EC + POC 9 ml). Pemberian kombinasi nutrisi memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman selada merah (Lactuca sativa var. Lollorosa) pada tinggi tanaman umur 2 MST, 3 MST, 4 MST, 5 MST. Jumlah daun pada umur tanaman 3 MST dan 5 MST. Luas daun, panjang akar, bobot segar tanaman dengan akar, bobot segar tanaman tanpa akar. Perlakuan E yaitu AB Mix 1,5 EC + POC 6 ml memberikan hasil tertinggi terhadap tinggi tanaman yaitu sebesar 20,96 cm, panjang akar sebesar 26,94 cm, luas daun sebesar 100 cm2, bobot segar dengan akar sebesar 13,3 g, dan bobot segar tanpa akar sebesar 11,49 g.
Kata Kunci : Kombinasi Nutrisi, Selada Merah, Hidroponik Sistem wick
ANALISIS ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN PADA PASIEN POST OPERASI SECTIO CAESAREA DENGAN MASALAH KEPERAWATAN NYERI AKUT DENGAN INTERVENSI TERAPI RELAKSASI BENSON DI RUANG BELIMBING RSUD KABUPATEN KLUNGKUNG
Authors: Indra Wahyuni Ni Kadek , Putra G Nur Widya Putra 
Published: September 2023

Pendahuluan: Proses kelahiran caesar atau Sectio Caesarea (SC) adalah prosedur operasi dimana janin dilahirkan melalui sayatan di dinding perut dan rahim sedangkan Post sectio caesarea adalah suatu keadaan sesudah dilakukan tindakan pembedahan yang meninggalkan luka sayatan pada dinding perut dan rahim ibu guna mengeluarkan janin. Masalah yang dihadapi oleh ibu post SC adalah nyeri akut. Nyeri merupakan pengalaman sensorik dan emosional yang tidak menyenangkan akibat kerusakan jaringan, baik aktual maupun potensial atau yang digambarkan dalam bentuk kerusakan dan merupakan kondisi tidak nyaman yang bersifat subjektif. Tujuan: Penulisan Karya Ilmiah Akhir-Ners (KIA-N) ini bertujuan untuk mengenganalisis pengaruh pemberian terapi relaksasi benson terhadap tingkat nyeri pada pasien yang telah post operasi section caesaria di ruang Belimbing RSUD Kabupaten Klungkung. Gambaran Kasus: Karya Ilmiah ini menggunakan 1 Pasien dimana pasien tersebut merupakan pasien Post sectio caesarea yang telah dilakukan proses pembedahan atau insisi pada Rahim, akibat proses tersebut pasien akan mengalami kerusakan jaringan yang mengakibatkan rasa nyeri timbul sehingga didapatkan masalah nyeri akut. Hasil Asuhan Keperawatan: Pada Karya Ilmiah ini menggunakan intervensi nonfarmakologi berupa relaksasi benson yang di implementasikan pada pasien post sectio caesarea dengan nyeri akut, di implementaskan selama 3x24 jam sehingga evaluasi yang didapatkan yaitu nyeri dapat menurun. Rekomendasi: Relaksasi Benson dapat membuat pikiran dan tubuh menjadi rileks melalui sebuah proses yang secara progresif akan melepaskan ketegangan otot tubuh menjad I tenang dan nyaman sehingga mengakibatkan rasa nyeri akan menurun.

Kata Kunci: Post sectio caesarea, Nyeri akut, Relaksasi benson
MENGIDENTIFIKASI FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEJADIAN RUPTUR PERINEUM PADA IBU BERSALIN DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS KUBUTAMBAHAN 1
Authors: Dianiati Luh Ayu , Purnami Luh Ayu , Ningrum Kadek Agustina Puspa 
Published: September 2023

Pendahuluan: Di Indonesia laserasi perineum dialami oleh 75% ibu melahirkan pervaginam, dari total dari total 1951 kelahiran spontan pervaginam, 57% ibu mendapat jahitan perineum. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional analtik dengan pendekatan retropespektif. Populasi pada penelitian ini seluruh ibu bersalin normal periode tahun Januari 2020-Maret 2023. Sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan 105 sampel dengan tehnik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling. Instrumen pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini tertuang dalam master tabel. Analisa yang digunakan yaitu analisa univariat yang tertuang dalam tabel distribusi frekuensi, analisa bivariat yang digunakan adalah uji chi-square, analisa multivariat dengan metode analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil: didapatkan variabel yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kejadian ruptur adalah berat badan janin dengan nilai sig. untuk hubungan berat badan janin terhadap kejadian ruptur sebesar 0,028 < 0,05 dan nilai t hitung 2,831 > t tabel 1.97. Simpulan: Ada hubungan usia, paritas, jarak kehamilan, lingkar kepala, distosia bahu, berat badan janin dengan kejadian ruptur perineum dan berat badan janin adalah variabel yang peling berpengaruh dengan kejadian ruptur perineum.
Overview of Student Skills in Performing a Combination of Effleurage Massage Techniques and Slow Deep Breathing to Reduce Menstrual Pain
Authors: Ariani Dini , Septiani Hani , Solama Wita 
Published: September 2023

Introduction: In general the treatment of menstrual pain is divided into two categories, pharmacology and non-pharmacology. Non pharmacological pain management is safer to use because it does not cause side effects like drugs because non pharmacological therapy uses physiological processes. One of the non pharmacological pain management is a combination of effleurage massage technique and slow deep breathing. Massage effleurage is a movement using the entire surface of the hand that is rubbed lightly and soothingly. This technique aims to improve blood circulation, reduce pain, and stretch muscles as well as promote physical and mental relaxation. Dysmenorrhea that never goes away makes medical personnel, one of which is physiotherapy, very capable of playing an important role in handling it. The role of physiotherapy in cases of menstrual pain itself or dysmenorrhea is to help provide exercise therapy in the form of deep breathing exercises which are deep breathing techniques with the aim of increasing the amount of oxygen in the body and providing a relaxing effect on the body and education in the form of healthy lifestyle and healthy activities to reduce the consumption of analgesic drugs that have long-term dependency effects. Objective: This study was to describe the combination of effleurage massage technique and slow deep breathing of female students in reducing menstrual pain. to know the description of the combination of effleurage massage technique and slow deep breathing of female students in reducing menstrual pain. Method: This study uses a descriptive research design. The sample in this study was determined using a quota sampling technique, namely as many as 32 respondents who fit the inclusion criteria. Conclusion: most of the respondents were able to do a combination of effleurage massage and slow deep breathing techniques.
Tomato Juice to Increase Haemoglobin Levels in Pregnant Women
Authors: Lestari Lusi , Furriha Khoerussabila Tasya 
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Anemia in pregnancy is a condition of a mother with a hemoglobin level below 11 gr/dl in the first and third trimesters, or a hemoglobin level of less than 10.5 gr/dl in the second trimester. In Indonesia, anemia is generally caused by iron deficiency. Iron deficiency anemia is anemia caused by a deficiency of iron, folic acid, and vitamin B12 due to inadequate intake or low availability of iron. Efforts that can be made to overcome the lack of iron intake in pregnant women are to regularly consume Fe tablets. The presence of side effects from Fe tablets and physiological changes during pregnancy may increase pregnant women's non-compliance in consuming Fe tablets. Non-compliance between pregnant women consuming Fe tablets can cause anemia in pregnant women. The source of iron is not only obtained from consuming iron (Fe) tablets. Pregnant women can get iron from various foods that contain iron, including tomatoes. Objective: This literature review aims to examine further about giving tomato juice to increase hemoglobin levels in pregnant women. Method: The method used in writing this article is a review of research results related to giving tomato juice to increase hemoglobin levels in pregnant women. Result: Based on the articles that have been analyzed, it can be seen that giving tomato juice can increase hemoglobin levels in pregnant women with anemia. Conclusion: Tomato juice can accelerate the absorption of iron and increase the production of red blood cells so that hemoglobin levels increase. Referring to these conclusions, pregnant women should consume tomato juice regularly.
Kết quả xạ trị điều biến liều ở bệnh nhân ung thư tuyến giáp thể biệt hóa kháng I-131 tái phát, di căn vùng cổ ngực
Authors: Duy Tô Quang , Chinh Hoàng Đào , Tuấn Nguyễn Anh , Biểu Bùi Quang 
Published: September 2023

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá kết quả xạ trị điều biến liều ở bệnh nhân bệnh nhân ung thư tuyến giáp (UTTG) thể biệt hóa kháng I-131 tái phát, di căn vùng cổ-ngực. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu hồi cứu 32 bệnh nhân UTTG thể biệt hóa kháng I-131 được xạ trị điều trị biến liều (IMRT) các tổn thương tái phát, di căn vùng cổ-ngực tại Bệnh viện Trung ương Quân đội 108. Sử dụng đường cong Kaplan-Meier để ước lượng tỷ lệ kiểm soát tại chỗ tại vùng và thời gian sống còn toàn bộ. Đánh giá độc tính cấp và độc tính muộn của xạ trị theo tiêu chuẩn độc tính của RTOG. Kết quả: Với trung vị thời gian theo dõi là 45,8 tháng, tỉ lệ kiểm soát tại chỗ, tại vùng ở thời điểm 1 năm, 3 năm và 5 năm lần lượt là 93,4%, 82,8% và 82,8%; thời gian sống còn toàn bộ sau 1 năm, 3 năm và 5 năm lần lượt là 96,8%, 82% và 82%. Độc tính cấp tính của xạ trị hay gặp nhất là khô miệng, viêm niêm mạc độ 1-2; độc tính muộn hay gặp nhất là khô miệng, viêm da độ 1. Kết luận: Xạ trị điều biến liều ở nhóm bệnh nhân UTTG thể biệt hóa kháng I-131 cho tỷ lệ kiểm soát tại chỗ tại vùng và thời gian sống còn toàn bộ khả quan với độc tính chấp nhận được
Pengetahuan Peran Penanggung Jawab Linen Terhadap Standar Pelayanan Minimal Kejadian Linen Hilang
Authors: Herawati Yanti , Handayani Sarah 
Published: September 2023

Indikator dalam Standar Pelayanan Minimal di Instalasi Laundry yaitu tidak adanya linen yang hilang dan pengiriman linen perawatan rumah sakit yang tepat waktu, dengan masing-masing standar 100%. hasil perhitungan Standard Pelayanan Minimum RS X capaian SPM untuk indikator kejadian linen hilang tahun 2021, 99,70%, Tahun 2022 99,48% .Penilitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan tekhnik observasi serta menggali informasi dengan melakukan wawancara mendalam, sedangkan data sekunder berasal dari data laporan tahunan instalasi laundry. Informan utama berjumlah 5 orang penanggung jawab linen , informan kunci 3 orang kepala ruangan, informan pendukung petugas administrasi instalasi laundry, analysa data menggunakan content analisis ( analisis isi). Hasil penelitian bahwa pengetahuan peran penanggung jawab linen sudah semua mengetahui peran nya , akan tetapi pelaksanaan peran penanggung jawab linen belum berjalan dengan baik, belum adanya spo yang sama disemua unit, belum berjalan monitoring evaluasi yang berdampak pada tidak tercapainya SPM tidak ada kejadian linen hilang .Kata kunci :Penanggung jawab linen, linen hilang. SPM
“Fuck Capitalism”: Mutual Aid Participants’ Experiences of Burnout During the Early Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Morris Karaya , Holloway Brendon , Littman Danielle , Cummings Colleen , Dixon Deanna , Bender Kimberly , Sarantakos Sophia 
Published: September 2023

Amidst the intentional failures of the U.S. government and social service systems to respond to the care and survival needs created by the COVID-19 pandemic, mutual aid—collective survival work which both aims to meet individual and community needs and demand structural change—has proliferated. Along with an increase in mutual aid efforts has come a proliferation of burnout among those engaged in mutual aid work. Our paper shares findings from interviews (N = 25) with individuals engaged in mutual aid in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Colorado. Drawing upon Gorski et al.’s (2019) model of burnout, which includes emotional exhaustion, physical exhaustion, and cynicism/hopelessness, we use critical phenomenological analysis to explore participants’ experiences of burnout while engaging in mutual aid work. While participants’ experiences largely align with Gorski’s burnout framework, the pressures of capitalism dominate and pervade participants’ experiences. These findings suggest a need for (a) greater understanding of burnout that connects to the structural harms of capitalism, and (b) futures of mutual aid and collective care that displace capitalism entirely. We end by exploring the question: how could mutual aid practices replace capitalist “care” structures in the future?
Функциональный анализ орудий труда поселения Акбауыр 1 (Казахский Алтай)
Authors: Ержанова Альбина Ергешбаевна 
Published: September 2023

В процессе изучения поселения раннего железного века Акбауыр 1 получен разнообразный материал, в том числе каменные орудия труда, анализ которых позволяет получить представление о трудовых навыках древних обитателей. Проведённый анализ позволяет предположить принадлежность орудий к различным технологическим операциям и, соответственно, к тем или иным занятиям населения Казахского Алтая в раннем железном веке. Определены, в частности, инструменты, служившие для вскрытия и измельчения горных пород (мотыги, клиновидные кайла, молоты, песты), обработки металлов (литейная форма, молотки, наковальни, абразивы, гладилки, оселки), обработки шкур и кож (скребок, резак), лепки и отделки сосудов (диски-подставки, лощила), земляных работ (мотыги, мотыжки) и растирания зерна (зернотёрка). Каменные орудия и приспособления по их численности близки металлическим и костяным инструментам. Для изготовления орудий использовалось местное сырьё. Вывод: на поселении Акбауыр 1 практиковались следующие специализированные ремёсла, хозяйственные и бытовые занятия: полный цикл металлопроизводства (от добычи руды до литья и ковки), шорное дело, гончарство, а также, возможно, земледелие.
The Simulation Educator Needs Assessment Tool (SENAT): the development and validation of a tool for simulation onboarding and professional development
Authors: Britt Teresa , Xing Kuan , Leighton Kim 
Published: September 2023

Simulation educator onboarding and longitudinal professional development is a challenge for most healthcare simulation programmes. The Simulation Educator Needs Assessment Tool (SENAT) was created for self-assessing individuals’ knowledge and perceived competency in simulation-based education.
Messick’s unified validity framework was used as a validity framework. First, this tool underwent two rounds of content validity studies following the Lawshe’s method. Participants at both rounds (
The final SENAT contained 29 items with a satisfactory content validity index for each item (>0.455). Two subscales were found with good to excellent reliability: Self-assessment of Learning Needs (
The SENAT can impact simulation quality by providing a professional development roadmap for individuals, as well as provide data needed to develop mentoring conversations. Aggregate data from groups of educators can support planning for programmatic professional development.
اثر تدريبات بشدة سرعة المنافسة باستخدام جهاز(DYNA FOOT) لتطوير تحمل السرعة وبعض المتغيرات البيوكينماتيكية وانجاز 400 متر حواجز
Authors: اسراء كامل حسن  , اسماء حميد كمبش  
Published: September 2023

هدف البحث اعداد تدريبات بشدة سرعة المنافسة باستخدام جهاز (DYNA FOOT) لتطوير تحمل السرعة وبعض المتغيرات البيوكينماتيكية وانجاز 400 متر حواجز شباب, حيث تتحدد مشكلة البحث حيث ترى الباحثتان أن هذه الفروق هي نتيجة التباين في الانجاز والتي تؤدي الى الاختلاف في تطبيق الشروط الميكانيكية الواجب تنفيذها للاعب الحواجز باعتبارها أحد الفعاليات الرقمية, وإن هذا الاختزال لا يأتي اعتباطا وإنما من خلال التحليل الحركي والذي يعطي الإمكانية في الكشف عن الأخطاء الفنية المرتبطة بميكانيكية الحركة، واستخدمت الباحثتان المنهج التجريبي بالاختبار القبلي والبعدي للمجموعتين التجريبية والضابطة لملائمته لطبيعة البحث، وتم تحديد مجتمع البحث لاعبي محافظة بغداد للموسم 2022، والبالغ عددهم (8 لاعب) اذ تم اختيار عينة البحث بأسلوب الحصر الشامل وقسمت العينة الى مجموعتين التجريبية والمجموعة الضابطة وبواقع ( 4 لاعب) واستخدمت الباحثتان الحقيبة الاحصائية (spss) وتوصلت الباحثتان إلى أهم الاستنتاجات ان اثر تدريبات بشدة سرعة المنافسة باستخدام جهاز (DYNA FOOT) اثرا ايجابيا لتطوير تحمل السرعة وبعض المتغيرات البيوكينماتيكية وانجاز 400 متر حواجز تحت ال18سنة
Evaluation of dentists’ approach to retreatment in Turkey: A survey study
Authors: Tellioğlu Avcı Güliz Rana 
Published: September 2023

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the approaches that dentists working in Turkey take to retreatment.
Methods: A questionnaire with 16 questions regarding gender, institution, specialty, experience, and root canal treatment stages was distributed to 223 dentists. The collected questionnaires were analyzed in R 4.0.0 programming language. A chi-square test analyzed the categorical variables. The statistical analyses were performed at a 5% significance level.
Results: A statistically significant relationship was found between the years spent practicing dentistry and the methods of determining the length of root canal treatment (p < 0.05). The relationship between the choices of irrigation agents for canal treatment and the professional title was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). No significant relationship was found between gender and other parameters (p > 0.05). A statistically significant difference was found between the treatment protocol applied in molar teeth with lesions, the success rate of the patients who underwent retreatment, and the practitioners’ specializations (p < 0.05). The relationship between retreatment in unsuccessful root canal treatments and the institution studied was also statistically significant (p < 0.05). A total of 66% of dentists working in Oral and Dental Health Center, 88% of dentists working in private clinics, and 90% of dentists working at universities reported that they performed retreatment. The relationships among the frequency of endodontic treatment, the use of magnification while performing root canal treatment, the group of teeth that was most often treated, and the institutions in which dentists work were also found to be statistically significant.
Conclusion: In this survey study, which was conducted to evaluate the practice of endodontic treatment, the rate of dentists performing endodontic treatments was found to have increased. Endodontists performed retreatment cases at a higher rate than general practitioners. Dentists with less professional experience had higher rates of endodontic treatment for difficult–to–treat molars than those with more professional experience.

How to cite this article:
Tellioğlu Avcı GR. Evaluation of dentists’ approach to retreatment in Turkey: A survey study. J Med Dent Invest 2023;4:e230314. https://doi.org/10.5577/jomdi.e230324

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.