bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of Phenolic Compounds by Colorimetric Bioassay Using Crude Polyphenol Oxidase
Authors: Gul I. , Hussain A. , Sami A. , Ahmad Z. , Naqvi S.M.S. , Ilyas N. , Ahmad M. S. 
Published: January 2025

Monitoring of phenolic compounds in food components and industrial processes is of great importance. Routine analytical techniques used for determination of phenolics are costly and tedious. Enzymatic bioassays can be good alternate due to their inalienable specificity, simplicity and fast responsiveness. The present study was designed to develop a colorimetric bioassay for detection of phenolics using crude extract of polyphenol oxidase (PPO). Crude PPO was extracted from apple and conditions were optimized for enzyme activity. Enzyme was immobilized on solid support (Whatman paper-1 and TLC plate) by over-spotting with 3-mthyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazine hydrochloride hydrate (MBTH) to develop bioactive spot. Solutions of four substrates; catechol, 4-methyl catechol, L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) and L-tyrosine were independently loaded on bioactive spots where the PPO catalyzed the reaction in which substrate was converted to quinones which formed pink colored adduct with MBTH. Color change was detectable by naked eye but color intensity was determined by image analysis software. The detection limit for catechol, 4- methyl catechol and L-DOPA was 64 ?M, 512 ?M and 4 mM respectively with 5 minutes of response time under optimized conditions (16 enzyme units, 6mM MBTH at pH 7 and 25 °C). The change in color intensity was concentration dependent for each substrate beyond its minimum detection limit. A simple, portable, disposable and low cost colorimetric bioassay was developed for detection of phenolic compounds.
A Hybrid Water Cycle Algorithm-Least Square based Framework for Robust Estimation of
Authors: Ashraf M. M. , Obaid Ullah M. , Malik T. N. , Waqas A. B. , Iqbal M. , Siddiq F. 
Published: January 2025

Â The power quality is becoming an extensively addressing aspect of power system because of sensitive operation of smart grid, awareness of power quality and modern power system equipment. This paper proposes a new hybrid framework of Water Cycle Algorithm-Least Square (WCA-LS) for estimation of harmonics present in time varying noisy power signals. Water Cycle Algorithm (WCA) is a population based algorithm which realizes the concepts of exploitation and exploration to find global optimal in search space under consideration. This algorithm exploits the concept of natural hydrologic cycle to perform heuristic optimization. In hydrologic cycle water flow in the form of streams, rivers and sea. When the rain falls from clouds and snow melts from glaciers, water flows downhill in the form of streams. When streams combine at one point they generate rivers which ultimately fall into the sea. Water from lakes is evaporated and the trees also transpire the water during photosynthesis process into atmosphere to generate clouds. These clouds release water back to the earth in the form of rains and precipitation to complete the cycle. The Proposed approach has been applied on test system from literature and results prove the effectiveness of technique in terms of precision and computational time. Results are further authenticated by estimating harmonics of real time voltage waveform of Axial Flux Parmanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (AFPMSG). The proposed WCA-LS delivers promising results compared to some of the state of art frameworks such as Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization with Passive Congregation based Least Square (PSOPC-LS).
High Temperature Instabilities in Sr0.75Ba0.25Nb2O6 Ferroelectric Relaxor
Authors: Shabbir G. 
Published: January 2025

Â [001]-oriented tungsten bronze type Sr0.75Ba0.25Nb2O6 uniaxial relaxor ferroelectric single crystals have been examined by the temperature dependent complex capacitance study. The capacitance dispersion maximum temperature was observed at T~58 oC with strong frequency dependence above and below this temperature. At temperatures T>Tmax three additional instabilities were exhibited by the complex capacitance in the unpoled crystal during heating cycle whereas these instabilities could not be seen in the subsequent cooling cycle. Similarly these instabilities disappeared upon poling the crystal at room temperature. These additional high temperature instabilities of the metastable character were associated to different kinds of random inhomogeneous structures trapped in strong random field matrix of SBN-x uniaxial relaxor.
Impact of Post-flowering Chemical Thinning on the Fruit Yield and Quality Metrics in ‘Fuji Suprema’ Apple Trees
Authors: Petri José Luiz , Esperança Caroline de Fátima , Sezerino André Amarildo , Ogoshi Rosana Claudio Silva 
Published: January 2025

Under the climate variability conditions of southern Brazil, post-flowering thinning is a safer practice than thinning during flowering. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the application of post-flowering thinning agent on ‘Fuji Suprema’ apple when used in combinations. The experiment was carried out in an experimental orchard located in the municipality of Caçador, Santa Catarina, Brazil during the 2017 to 2020 harvest seasons. We tested treatments combining Benzyladenine (BA) with Ethephon (ET) or Metamitron (MM), as well as individual applications of each product at different concentrations on apple fruits. Applications were made individually or in tank mixes during post-flowering periods, with manual thinning when fruits were 8 to 12 mm in diameter and chemical thinning at 15 to 20 mm in diameter. Treatments were as follows: 1. Control (manual thinning); 2. BA (400 ml/100 L) + ET (200 ml/100 L); 3. BA (400 ml/100 L) + MM (100 g/100 L); 4. BA (600 ml/100 L); 5. ET (240 - 200 ml/100 L); MM (150 ml/100 L); MM (150 ml/100 L) + ET (200 ml/100 L). The results showed that the combination of Metamitron with Benzyladenine or Ethephon effectively regulated fruit set and enhanced fruit quality, making these combinations suitable for thinning under southern Brazil conditions.
A Systematic Review on Neuroprotective Effects of Catalpol in Acute Focal Ischemic Stroke and their Possible Mechanisms
Authors: S Harini. , Martinraj Jasper Victoria Leelarani , Krishnamoorthy Shailaja 
Published: January 2025

This study aims to systematically review the evidence on the neuroprotective effects of Catalpol in animal models of acute focal ischemic stroke and to determine its potential mechanisms of action. Catalpol is the primary active ingredient extracted from the roots of Radix Rehmanniae. Catalpol is found to have pleiotropic neuroprotective effects in neurodegenerative conditions like ischemic stroke. In this study, neuroprotective effects of Catalpol are explored in experimental acute ischemic stroke.
Studies relevant to effects of Catalpol in animal models of acute ischemic stroke were identified from the following databases, PubMed, Wanfang Data information site, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and VIP information database and the time period for the study search was fixed as 2010 to 2022. Methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the CAMARADES checklist. As per the inclusion criteria, twenty-one studies were included. Six out of eight studies had shown significant impact of Catalpol in reducing infarct size according to 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining compared with the control (P < 0.05). And two studies that determined infarct size by magnetic resonance imaging did not report any significant effect of Catalpol in infarct size reduction when compared to the control.
Several tests were used in the studies to assess neurological function score of the animal models, such as Zea Longa score, Balance beam-walking test, Bederson score, adhesive removal test, muscular strength test, bar-grasping test, corner test, cylinder test, neuromuscular function test and foot-fault test. However, ladder rung walking test, sensorimotor function test, open-field test, horizontal ladder test and novel object recognition test were used each in one of the studies.
To conclude, Catalpol exerts neuroprotective effects in animal models of acute focal ischemic stroke, mainly by alleviating oxidative stress, inhibiting apoptosis, and repressing inflammatory reactions and autophagy. However, due to the methodological flaws, such as risk of publication bias due to predominance of Chinese studies and low methodological quality of included studies, these positive findings should be interpreted and analyzed with caution.
Mortality in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction With Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries and Mimickers
Authors: Quesada Odayme , Yildiz Mehmet , Henry Timothy D. , Bergstedt Seth , Chambers Jenny , Shah Ananya , Stanberry Larissa , Volpenhein Lucas , Aziz Dalia , Lantz Rebekah , Palmer Cassady , Ugwu Justin , Ahsan Muhammad J. , Garberich Ross F. , Rohm Heather S. , Aguirre Frank V. , Garcia Santiago , Sharkey Scott W. 
Published: November 2023

ImportanceThe clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) with nonobstructive coronaries (MINOCA) are largely unknown.ObjectiveTo assess differences in 5-year mortality in patients presenting with STEMI due to MINOCA and MINOCA mimickers as compared with obstructive disease.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA retrospective analysis of a prospective registry-based cohort study of consecutive STEMI activations at 3 regional Midwest STEMI programs. STEMI without a culprit artery and elevated troponin levels were categorized as MINOCA (absence of coronary artery stenosis &amp;gt;50% and confirmed or suspected coronary artery plaque disruption, epicardial coronary spasm, or coronary embolism/thrombosis) or MINOCA mimickers (takotsubo cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, or nonischemic cardiomyopathy). Data were analyzed from March 2003 to December 2020.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAdjusted Cox regression analysis was used to assess 5-year mortality risk in STEMI presenting with MINOCA and MINOCA mimickers in comparison with obstructive disease.ResultsAmong 8560 consecutive patients with STEMI, mean (SD) age was 62 (14) years, 30% were female (2609 participants), and 94% were non-Hispanic White (4358 participants). The cohort included 8151 patients with STEMI due to obstructive disease (95.2%), 120 patients with MINOCA (1.4%), and 289 patients with MINOCA mimickers (3.8%). Patients were followed up for a median (IQR) of 7.1 (3.6-10.7) years. Patients with MINOCA and MINOCA mimickers were less likely to be discharged with cardiac medications compared with obstructive disease. At 5-year follow-up, mortality in STEMI presenting with obstructive disease (1228 participants [16%]) was similar to MINOCA (20 participants [18%]; χ21 = 1.1; log-rank P = .29) and MINOCA mimickers (52 participants [18%]; χ21 = 2.3; log-rank P = .13). In adjusted Cox regression analysis compared with obstructive disease, the 5-year mortality hazard risk was 1.93 times higher in MINOCA (95% CI, 1.06-3.53) and similar in MINOCA mimickers (HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.79-1.49).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this large multicenter cohort study of consecutive clinical patients with STEMI, presenting with MINOCA was associated with a higher risk of mortality than obstructive disease; the risk of mortality was similar in patients with MINOCA mimickers and obstructive disease. Further investigation is necessary to understand the pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in this high-risk STEMI population.
Social Determinants of Health and Perceived Barriers to Care in Diabetic Retinopathy Screening
Authors: Ravindranath Rohith , Bernstein Isaac A. , Fernandez Karen S. , Ludwig Cassie A. , Wang Sophia Y. 
Published: November 2023

ImportanceRegular screening for diabetic retinopathy often is crucial for the health of patients with diabetes. However, many factors may be barriers to regular screening and associated with disparities in screening rates.ObjectiveTo evaluate the associations between visiting an eye care practitioner for diabetic retinopathy screening and factors related to overall health and social determinants of health, including socioeconomic status and health care access and utilization.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cross-sectional study included adults aged 18 years or older with type 2 diabetes who answered survey questions in the All of Us Research Program, a national multicenter cohort of patients contributing electronic health records and survey data, who were enrolled from May 1, 2018, to July 1, 2022.ExposuresThe associations between visiting an eye care practitioner and (1) demographic and socioeconomic factors and (2) responses to the Health Care Access and Utilization, Social Determinants of Health, and Overall Health surveys were investigated using univariable and multivariable logistic regressions.Main Outcome and MeasuresThe primary outcome was whether patients self-reported visiting an eye care practitioner in the past 12 months. The associations between visiting an eye care practitioner and demographic and socioeconomic factors and responses to the Health Care Access and Utilization, Social Determinants of Health, and Overall Health surveys in All of Us were investigated using univariable and multivariable logistic regression.ResultsOf the 11 551 included participants (54.55% cisgender women; mean [SD] age, 64.71 [11.82] years), 7983 (69.11%) self-reported visiting an eye care practitioner in the past year. Individuals who thought practitioner concordance was somewhat or very important were less likely to have seen an eye care practitioner (somewhat important: adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.83 [95% CI, 0.74-0.93]; very important: AOR, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.76-0.95]). Compared with financially stable participants, individuals with food or housing insecurity were less likely to visit an eye care practitioner (food insecurity: AOR, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.61-0.91]; housing insecurity: AOR, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.75-0.98]). Individuals who reported fair mental health were less likely to visit an eye care practitioner than were those who reported good mental health (AOR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.74-0.96).Conclusions and RelevanceThis study found that food insecurity, housing insecurity, mental health concerns, and the perceived importance of practitioner concordance were associated with a lower likelihood of receiving eye care. Such findings highlight the self-reported barriers to seeking care and the importance of taking steps to promote health equity.
Plasminogen deficiency suppresses pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma disease progression
Authors: Chowdhury Nayela N. , Yang Yi , Dutta Ananya , Luo Michelle , Wei Zimu , Abrahams Sara R. , Revenko Alexey S. , Shah Fenil , Miles Lindsey A. , Parmer Robert J. , de Laat Bas , Wolberg Alisa S. , Luyendyk James P. , Fishel Melissa L. , Flick Matthew J. 
Published: November 2023

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly fatal metastatic disease associated with robust activation of the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems. However, the potential contribution of the primary fibrinolytic protease plasminogen to PDAC disease progression has remained largely undefined. Mice bearing C57Bl/6‐derived KPC (KRasG12D, TRP53R172H) tumors displayed evidence of plasmin activity in the form of high plasmin–antiplasmin complexes and high plasmin generation potential relative to mice without tumors. Notably, plasminogen‐deficient mice (Plg‐) had significantly diminished KPC tumor growth in subcutaneous and orthotopic implantation models. Moreover, the metastatic potential of KPC cells was significantly diminished in Plg‐ mice, which was linked to reduced early adhesion and/or survival of KPC tumor cells. The reduction in primary orthotopic KPC tumor growth in Plg‐ mice was associated with increased apoptosis, reduced accumulation of pro‐tumor immune cells, and increased local proinflammatory cytokine production. Elimination of fibrin(ogen), the primary proteolytic target of plasmin, did not alter KPC primary tumor growth and resulted in only a modest reduction in metastatic potential. In contrast, deficiencies in the plasminogen receptors Plg‐RKT or S100A10 in tumor cells significantly reduced tumor growth. Plg‐RKT reduction in tumor cells, but not reduced S100A10, suppressed metastatic potential in a manner that mimicked plasminogen deficiency. Finally, tumor growth was also reduced in NSG mice subcutaneously or orthotopically implanted with patient‐derived PDAC tumor cells in which circulating plasminogen was pharmacologically reduced. Collectively, these studies suggest that plasminogen promotes PDAC tumor growth and metastatic potential, in part through engaging plasminogen receptors on tumor cells.
Bio‐Inspired Fog Harvesting Meshes: A Review
Authors: Kennedy Brook S. , Boreyko Jonathan B. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFreshwater scarcity has become a critical global challenge affecting some of the most vulnerable populations. In response, significant effort has focused on ways to increase access to this precious resource. Within the context of geographical, cultural, political, and technological factors governing freshwater availability, atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) has demonstrated tremendous promise to help address these shortages. Specifically, mesh‐based fog harvesters have received considerable attention for their passive qualities compared with their energy‐dependent technological siblings (sorbents, condensation, etc.), yet their specific water yield (SY) has developed only modestly in recent decades. While the plant and animal kingdom provide diverse examples of passive fog collection, and science has developed a remarkable understanding of these processes, much of this knowledge has yet to be translated practically at scale. This is partially due to challenges in mass‐producing complex (often micro‐scale) structures observed in nature. Fortunately, manufacturing technology is catching up with scientific understanding, especially at the scale of mesh design. To this end, the review begins by surveying bioinspired research in fog harvesting. Afterward, this study identifies milestones in developing bioinspired fog harvesting meshes, concluding in a discussion of future mesh research opportunities connecting bioinspiration and emerging advanced manufacturing techniques.
Iodine‐Mediated C─C Coupling in Neutral Flow Cell for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
Authors: Lv Xiangzhou , Yang Yue , Lv Jiabao , Ji Liang , Wang Jianghao , Wu Xiuju , Li Zhengjie , Li Xiaotong , Liu Qian , Qi Zhifu , Lin Qingyang , Wu Angjian , Wu Hao Bin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCarbon utilization efficiency is of vital importance for electrochemical CO2 reduction systems. Proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers using nonalkaline electrolytes can prevent CO2 crossover and increase carbon utilization efficiency, yet they suffer from unfavored C─C coupling and severe hydrogen evolution. Herein, an iodine‐mediated approach to facilitate C─C coupling on Cu‐based catalysts toward multi‐carbon products in a neutral PEM electrolyzer is reported. By in situ constructing an I‐modified Cu surface, the hydrogenation of *CO is promoted and the C─C coupling process progresses through the *CO−*COH pathway with a low energy barrier. A high Faradaic efficiency of ≈72% and a high partial current density of 575 mA cm−2 are achieved for multi‐carbon products. The present study demonstrates an efficient approach to developing advanced CO2 electrolyzers for high‐value products with high efficiency.
Injectable Self‐Expanding/Self‐Propelling Hydrogel Adhesive with Procoagulant Activity and Rapid Gelation for Lethal Massive Hemorrhage Management
Authors: Zhao Xin , Huang Ying , Li Zhenlong , Chen Jueying , Luo Jinlong , Bai Lang , Huang Heyuan , Cao Ertai , Yin Zhanhai , Han Yong , Guo Baolin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDeveloping hydrogels that can quickly reach deep bleeding sites, adhere to wounds, and expand to stop lethal and/or noncompressible bleeding in civil and battlefield environments remains a challenge. Herein, an injectable, antibacterial, self‐expanding, and self‐propelling hydrogel bioadhesive with procoagulant activity and rapid gelation is reported. This hydrogel combines spontaneous gas foaming and rapid Schiff base crosslinking for lethal massive hemorrhage. Hydrogels have rapid gelation and expansion rate, high self‐expanding ratio, excellent antibacterial activity, antioxidant efficiency, and tissue adhesion capacity. In addition, hydrogels have good cytocompatibility, procoagulant ability, and higher blood cell/platelet adhesion activity than commercial combat gauze and gelatin sponge. The optimized hydrogel (OD‐C/QGQL‐A30) exhibits better hemostatic ability than combat gauze and gelatin sponge in rat liver and femoral artery bleeding models, rabbit volumetric liver loss massive bleeding models with/without anticoagulant, and rabbit liver and kidney incision bleeding models with bleeding site not visible. Especially, OD‐C/QGQL‐A30 rapidly stops the bleedings from pelvic area of rabbit, and swine subclavian artery vein transection. Furthermore, OD‐C/QGQL‐A30 has biodegradability and biocompatibility, and accelerates Methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA)‐infected skin wound healing. This injectable, antibacterial, self‐expanding, and self‐propelling hydrogel opens up a new avenue to develop hemostats for lethal massive bleeding, abdominal organ bleeding, and bleeding from coagulation lesions.
Nanomedicine Combats Drug Resistance in Lung Cancer
Authors: Zheng Xiuli , Song Xiaohai , Zhu Guonian , Pan Dayi , Li Haonan , Hu Jiankun , Xiao Kai , Gong Qiyong , Gu Zhongwei , Luo Kui , Li Weimin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLung cancer is the second most prevalent cancer and the leading cause of cancer‐related death worldwide. Surgery, chemotherapy, molecular targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy are currently available as treatment methods. However, drug resistance is a significant factor in the failure of lung cancer treatments. Novel therapeutics have been exploited to address complicated resistance mechanisms of lung cancer and the advancement of nanomedicine is extremely promising in terms of overcoming drug resistance. Nanomedicine equipped with multifunctional and tunable physiochemical properties in alignment with tumor genetic profiles can achieve precise, safe, and effective treatment while minimizing or eradicating drug resistance in cancer. Here, this work reviews the discovered resistance mechanisms for lung cancer chemotherapy, molecular targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy, and outlines novel strategies for the development of nanomedicine against drug resistance. This work focuses on engineering design, customized delivery, current challenges, and clinical translation of nanomedicine in the application of resistant lung cancer.