bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectrum of dislocation mobility resonances in NaCl crystals under ultralow magnetic fields in EPR scheme
Authors: Koldaeva M. V. , Alshits V. I. 
Published: January 2024

Dislocation motions are studied in NaCl crystals exposed to an EPR impact under crossed ultralow magnetic fields, the Earth field BEarth ∼ 50 µT, and the AC pumping field B̃(ν) of the amplitude 2.5 µT in the frequency band of 6 kHz to 2.1 MHz. Mean dislocation paths form a spectrum of multiple peaks at definite resonance frequencies. Dislocation motions are supposed to be caused by spin-dependent transformation of impurity centers, which, in turn, provide depinning of dislocations and relaxation of their structure. The observed spectrum is attributed to specific features of the hyperfine EPR at the applied field BEarth small as compared with the crystalline local fields Bloc created by nuclei of Cl ligands surrounding the Ca pinning centers. The developed theory well describes peak positions in the observed frequency spectrum.
From manual to machine
Authors: Guo Meng , Han Lili 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This study introduces a groundbreaking automated methodology for measuring ear–voice span (EVS) in simultaneous
interpreting (SI). Traditionally, assessing EVS – a critical temporal metric in SI – has been hampered by labour-intensive and
time-consuming manual methods that are prone to inconsistency. To overcome these challenges, our research harnesses
state-of-the-art natural language processing (NLP) technologies, including automatic speech recognition (ASR), sentence boundary
detection (SBD) and cross-lingual alignment, to automate EVS measurement. We deployed a comprehensive array of NLP models and
evaluated the automated pipelines on a 20-hour English-to-Portuguese SI corpus which featured 57 varied audio pairings. The
findings are encouraging: the most effective model combination achieved a median EVS error of less than 0.1 seconds across the
corpus. Moreover, the automated pipelines exhibited a high level of accuracy, strong correlation and substantial agreement with
manual measurements when assessing median EVS for individual audio pairs. Despite these satisfactory results, certain challenges
persist with some NLP models, indicating clear avenues for future research. This study not only introduces a groundbreaking
approach to large-scale EVS measurement but also propels the automation of process analysis in Interpreting Studies.
The particle dynamics around rotating charged black holes with Weyl corrections
Authors: Rahim Rehana , Razzaq Aqeela , Abdul Mateen Muhammad 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this article, particle dynamics around charged rotating black holes with Weyl corrections is discussed. First, the metric is studied for its horizon structure and scalar curvature invariants. The effects of Weyl corrections on circular motion of the particles is analyzed around central object. We have shown dependency of effective potential, energy, angular momentum and inner most stable circular orbits on black hole parameters. We have also determined center of mass energy expression for collision of two neutral particles. In the Penrose process of energy extraction, it has been found that efficiency is not that much higher as compared to the other modified rotating black holes.
Reinforcement of carbon fibers: γ-irradiation induced microporous modulation and surface defect repairing with graphene quantum dots
Authors: Shao Ruiqi , Zhou Zhidong , Wang Wei , Liu Shengkai , Ma Tianshuai , Li Tianyu , Jiang Wanwei , Min Chunying , Xu Zhiwei 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Due to the presence of numerous defects both internally and on the surface, carbon fiber exhibits mechanical properties far below theoretical predictions. Finding a rapid and effective method for reinforcing the matrix remains a challenge. To address this, we have conducted structural reinforcement of carbon fiber by improving the orientation of internal micropores and eliminating surface defects. On the one hand, we subjected the carbon fiber to a dose of 100 kGy of gamma-ray irradiation in the air. After testing, the mechanical properties of the carbon fiber improved by 5.59%. Analysis using techniques such as small-angle x-ray scattering revealed that gamma rays can slightly alter the orientation of the fiber’s internal micropores and enhance graphitization to some extent. On the other hand, we introduced graphene quantum dots (GQDs) onto the surface of the carbon fiber using electrostatic spraying and electrophoretic deposition techniques to fill the defect sites. Compared to untreated carbon fiber, the mechanical properties improved by 10.65% and 9.40% when GQDs were grafted using electrophoretic deposition and electrostatic spraying methods, respectively. This improvement can be attributed to the adsorption of GQDs on the surface of the carbon fiber, which disperses stress during tensile loading and delays fracture. Finally, grafting of GQDs onto the surface of gamma-irradiated carbon fibers by electrophoresis improved the mechanical properties of the carbon fibers by 15.53% compared to unmodified carbon fibers. This work provides a more comprehensive perspective for repairing carbon fiber structures.
Electrical conduction properties of PP-based nanocomposite with high thermal conductivity for HVDC cable insulation
Authors: Li Jing , Gao Yu , Liu Baixin , Guo Chenyi , Gao Junguo , Chen Yu , Du Boxue 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper reports on thermal and electrical conduction properties of polypropylene (PP)-based nanocomposite used for high voltage direct current cable insulation. To improve the thermal conductivity of the PP/propylene-based elastomer (PBE) blend (noted as PB), boron nitride (BN) nanosheets with high thermal conductivity are added. The pretreatment process through template method is to obtain a three-dimensional (3D) network structure composed of BN nanosheets (noted as 3DBN). Then the 3DBN is added into the PP/ PBE blend, in which the 3D networks are locally arranged and the other BN nanosheets are randomly dispersed. Thermal conductivity is estimated, while electrical conductivity is measured under electric fields of 5–40 kV mm−1 at various temperatures. Carrier trap distribution is derived from isothermal surface potential decay method. In addition, the microstructure and crystallization characteristics of the nanocomposites are measured. The results show that the thermal conductivity of the PP/PBE blend is improved obviously by the addition of the locally arranged 3DBN, and that of PB-3DBN-10 is increased by 16% compared with that of PB. Deep traps are introduced by the dispersed BN nanosheets and the electrical conduction is reduced, which becomes increasingly evident with the filler content and temperature. It is suggested that the introduction of thermal conductive fillers with a 3D network structure and well-dispersed state can synergistically enhance the thermal conductivity and insulation performances of the PP-based material.
Atomic diffusion in liquid gallium and gallium-nickel alloys probed by quasielastic neutron scattering and molecular dynamic simulations
Authors: Shahzad A , Yang F , Steffen J , Neiss C , Panchenko A , Goetz K , Vogel C , Weisser M , Embs J P , Petry W , Lohstroh W , Görling A , Goychuk I , Unruh T 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The atomic mobility in liquid pure gallium and a gallium-nickel alloy with 2 at% of nickel is studied experimentally by incoherent quasielastic neutron scattering. The integral diffusion coefficients for all-atom diffusion are derived from the experimental data at different temperatures. DFT-based ab-initio molecular dynamics (MD) is used to find numerically the diffusion coefficient of liquid gallium at different temperatures, and numerical theory results well agree with the experimental findings at temperatures below 500 K. Machine learning force fields derived from ab-initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) overestimate within a small 6% error the diffusion coefficient of pure gallium within the genuine AIMD. However, they better agree with experiment for pure gallium and enable the numerical finding of the diffusion coefficient of nickel in the considered melted alloy along with the diffusion coefficient of gallium and integral diffusion coefficient, that agrees with the corresponding experimental values within the error bars. The temperature dependence of the gallium diffusion coefficient

D

Ga

(
T
)

follows the Arrhenius law experimentally for all studied temperatures and below 500 K also in the numerical simulations. However,

D

Ga

(
T
)

can be well described alternatively by an Einstein–Stokes dependence with the metallic liquid viscosity following the Arrhenius law, especially for the MD simulation results at all studied temperatures. Moreover, a novel variant of the excess entropy scaling theory rationalized our findings for gallium diffusion. Obtained values of the Arrhenius activation energies are profoundly different in the competing theoretical descriptions, which is explained by different temperature-dependent prefactors in the corresponding theories. The diffusion coefficient of gallium is significantly reduced (at the same temperature) in a melted alloy with natural nickel, even at a tiny 2 at% concentration of nickel, as compared with its pure gallium value. This highly surprising behavior contradicts the existing excess entropy scaling theories and opens a venue for further research.
Anti-disturbance self-alignment method for dual-axis rotational inertial navigation system under marine mooring conditions
Authors: Lin Yusen , Miao Lingjuan , Zhou Zhiqiang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Under the marine mooring conditions, the inertial navigation system (INS) is often disturbed by angular and linear motions, and it is difficult to perform self-alignment with high accuracy. To solve this problem, an anti-disturbance self-alignment method for dual-axis rotational INS is proposed. The method transforms the self-alignment problem into an attitude matrix solving problem, so as to deal with the disturbance of angular motion. By analyzing the relationship between the amount of measurement data and the accuracy of self-alignment, the optimal integration time is designed and a partial integral algorithm is proposed. Furthermore, the influence of initial velocity error on self-alignment under linear motion disturbance conditions is analyzed, and an initial velocity compensation method is proposed. Experimental results show that high-accuracy self-alignment can be achieved using the proposed method under the joint disturbance of angular and linear motions.
Magnetic resonance imaging of blood perfusion rate based on Helmholtz decomposition of heat flux
Authors: Eda Naohiro , Nara Takaaki 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective. Thermal property (TP) maps of human tissues are useful for tumor treatment and diagnosis. In particular, the blood perfusion rate is significantly different for tumors and healthy tissues. Noninvasive techniques that reconstruct TPs from the temperature measured via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by solving an inverse bioheat transfer problem have been developed. A few conventional methods can reconstruct spatially varying TP distributions, but they have several limitations. First, most methods require the numerical Laplacian computation of the temperature, and hence they are sensitive to noise. In addition, some methods require the division of a region of interest (ROI) into sub-regions with homogeneous TPs using prior anatomical information, and they assume an unmeasurable initial temperature distribution. We propose a novel robust reconstruction method without the division of an ROI or the assumption of an initial temperature distribution. Approach. The proposed method estimates blood perfusion rate maps from relative temperature changes. This method avoids the computation of the Laplacian by using integral representations of the Helmholtz decomposition of the heat flux. Main Result. We compare the reconstruction results of the conventional and proposed methods using numerical simulations. The results indicate the robustness of the proposed method. Significance. This study suggests the feasibility of thermal property mapping with MRI using the robust proposed method.
Breaking boundaries in radiology: redefining AI diagnostics via raw data ahead of reconstruction
Authors: He Bingxi , Sun Caixia , Li Hailin , Wang Yongbo , She Yunlang , Zhao Mengmeng , Fang Mengjie , Zhu Yongbei , Wang Kun , Liu Zhenyu , Wei Ziqi , Mu Wei , Wang Shuo , Tang Zhenchao , Wei Jingwei , Shao Lizhi , Tong Lixia , Huang Feng , Tang Mingze , Guo Yu , Zhang Huimao , Dong Di , Chen Chang , Ma Jianhua , Tian Jie 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective. In the realm of utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) for medical image analysis, the paradigm of ‘signal-image-knowledge’ has remained unchanged. However, the process of ‘signal to image’ inevitably introduces information distortion, ultimately leading to irrecoverable biases in the ‘image to knowledge’ process. Our goal is to skip reconstruction and build a diagnostic model directly from the raw data (signal). Approach. This study focuses on computed tomography (CT) and its raw data (sinogram) as the research subjects. We simulate the real-world process of ‘human-signal-image’ using the workflow ‘CT-simulated data- reconstructed CT,’ and we develop a novel AI predictive model directly targeting raw data (RCTM). This model comprises orientation, spatial, and global analysis modules, embodying the fusion of local to global information extraction from raw data. We selected 1994 patients with retrospective cases of solid lung nodules and modeled different types of data. Main results. We employed predefined radiomic features to assess the diagnostic feature differences caused by reconstruction. The results indicated that approximately 14% of the features had Spearman correlation coefficients below 0.8. These findings suggest that despite the increasing maturity of CT reconstruction algorithms, they still introduce perturbations to diagnostic features. Moreover, our proposed RCTM achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.863 in the diagnosis task, showcasing a comprehensive superiority over models constructed from secondary reconstructed CTs (0.840, 0.822, and 0.825). Additionally, the performance of RCTM closely resembled that of models constructed from original CT scans (0.868, 0.878, and 0.866). Significance. The diagnostic and therapeutic approach directly based on CT raw data can enhance the precision of AI models and the concept of ‘signal-to-image’ can be extended to other types of imaging. AI diagnostic models tailored to raw data offer the potential to disrupt the traditional paradigm of ‘signal-image-knowledge’, opening up new avenues for more accurate medical diagnostics.
Influence of electron cyclotron current drive on the transition between normal sawteeth and the stationary state
Authors: Chen W J , Zhang W , Ma Z W , Zhang H X , Wang X 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The transition between normal sawteeth and a sawtooth-free stationary state after electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD) deposition has been numerically investigated by the CLT code. The periods of normal sawteeth decrease if co-ECCD deposits inside the initial

q
=
1

surface and increase when co-ECCD deposits outside the

q
=
1

surface. When co-ECCD deposits in the vicinity of the

q
=
1

surface, the normal sawteeth can be converted into a stationary state, during which sawteeth are completely prevented. The stationary state can also be converted into normal sawteeth if co-ECCD is injected just outside the

q
=
1

surface. The mechanism of the transition between normal sawteeth and sawtooth-free stationary states is then discussed.
Commissioning of the imaging neutral particle analyser for the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak
Authors: Rueda-Rueda J , Garcia-Munoz M , Viezzer E , Schneider P A , Garcia-Dominguez J , Oyola P , Galdon-Quiroga J , Hidalgo-Salaverri J , Du X , Van Zeeland M A , Videla-Trevin M , van Vuuren A Jansen ,   ASDEX Upgrade Team
Published: January 2024

AbstractAn imaging neutral particle analyser (INPA) diagnostic has been installed and commissioned at the ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) tokamak. The AUG INPA diagnostic provides energy and radially resolved measurements of the fast-ion (FI) distribution, complementing the existing set of diagnostic which measure the confined FI population. To this end, it analyses charge exchange (CX) neutrals produced in reactions between FI and neutrals injected by a neutral beam injector. These CX neutrals are ionised by a 20 nm carbon foil and deflected towards a scintillator by the machine magnetic field. The use of a scintillator as active component allows us to cover the whole plasma radial range with an energy resolution of 9 keV and a spatial of 3 cm for 93 keV deuterons. First measurements demonstrate the high sensitivity of the INPA diagnostic to different AUG fast-ion distribution functions, from NBI and ion-cyclotron resonance heating origin, and show good agreement with the synthetic diagnostic.
Bidisperse magnetorheological fluids with strong magnetorheological response, long-term stability and excellent in-use performance
Authors: Nejatpour Mona , Saleh Mostafa Khalil Abdou , Ulasyar Abasin , Unal Ugur , Lazoğlu İsmail , Yağcı Acar Havva 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
There is a critical demand for magnetorheological fluids (MRFs) with high particle loading, long-term stability, and high magneto-viscous properties to be used in industrial MRF devices. Bidisperse MRFs composed of highly magnetizable micron-sized carbonyl iron particles and poly(acrylic acid) coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs-PAA) that can chemically interact are proposed to achieve such MRFs, here. Coating bare, commercial CI with lauric acid (LA) enhanced its dispersibility in a hydrophobic carrier fluid, allowed high magnetic loading and significantly prevented the sedimentation of the particles when mixed with 9–12 wt% SPION. Different carrier fluids (mineral oil, paraffin, and hydraulic oil) were tested, and hydraulic oil was determined as the best for this particle combination. The most stable bidisperse MRF was achieved at 83%–84% magnetic content with 12 wt-%SPION-PAA, LA-coated-CI and 3 wt% polyvinyl alcohol. Such MRFs outperformed the commercial benchmark, 140-CG® from Lord Corp., in long-term stability (4 months) and stability under dynamic loading. Bidisperse MRFs were stable between 20 °C and 60 °C. Most importantly, the excellent performance of the bidisperse MRFs in dampers designed for washing machines suggests that these MRFs may provide comparable damping forces with much better stability, ensuring longer shelf-life and longer lifetime in use.
Unraveling photodissociation dynamics by sub-femtosecond ultraviolet pulses: insights into fragmental kinetics and carrier-envelope phase characterization
Authors: Xia Dong Xiao , Gong Maomao , Zhao Xi , Rong Liu Yan , Cheng Yongjun , Wu Yong , Guo Wang Jian , Chen Jing , Bin Zhang Song 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The duration of laser pulses and the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) play a crucial role in shaping kinetic energy release (KER) spectra. In this study, we performed theoretical calculations on pulse duration-dependent KER spectra, ranging from hundreds to sub-femtoseconds, focusing on the

M
g

H
+

scenario. Our findings reveal a distinct shift in KER peaks from sub-cycle pulses, deviating from the resonance energy. Utilizing two-level perturbation theory, we identify that this shift is attributable to the energy-dependent transition matrix elements. Moreover, our investigation uncovers a notable CEP effect in KER from sub-cycle pulses, arising from interference between counter-rotating and rotating terms within a single ultraviolet photon transition. To leverage this insight, we propose a novel pump-probe methodology for precise CEP characterization of ultra-short laser pulses. We hope this method would promise advancements in understanding and manipulating ultrafast processes.
Spin-textured Volkov–Pankratov states and their tunnel magnetoresistance response
Authors: Adak Vivekananda , Chakraborty Subhadeep , Roychowdhury Krishanu , Das Sourin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Volkov–Pankratov (VP) states are a family of sub-gap states that appear at the smooth interface/domain wall between topologically distinct gaped states. We carry out quantum transport simulations on one- and two-dimensional lattice models to demonstrate the emergence of such states in the edge spectrum of a quantum spin Hall system subjected to a smoothly varying exchange field that switches its sign at a given spatial point. We show the VP states possess non-trivial spin textures that can be characterized by a winding number in real space. It is further demonstrated that the application of an electric field along the edge provides control of this spin texture without altering the winding number. Finally, we illuminate how these spin textures can be read off via the local tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) response of spin-polarized tunnel probes attached to the edge and the TMR can be controlled by purely electrical means akin to a Datta–Das type spin transistor.
Electrically induced direct to indirect exciton transition in CdTe/CdMnTe concentric double quantum ring rooted in SiO2 matrix
Authors: Sherly I Janet , Nithiananthi P 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Effect of electric field and ring dimension on the localization of direct and indirect exciton formed inside a CdTe/CdMnTe Concentric Double Quantum Ring (CDQR) has been studied using variational technique. The whole double ring structure is embedded inside a SiO2 matrix to enhance exciton localization. Electric field applied along the axial (z) axis tilts the band structure which promotes the carrier localization more in the edges than in the center of the ring. Thus, the stronger electric field gives a triangular confinement to the carrier in the edges which enhances the carrier stability. Along with the effect of electric field the ring dimension which determines the stability of the exciton retains has been estimated through the mean square distance. The effect of the location of the constituent carriers on the excitonic stability and the efficient carrier transfer from inner ring to outer ring has been calculated for both symmetric and asymmetric ring dimensions. Height of the ring has been varied to understand its effect on the localization of both direct and indirect exciton.
Three-in-one polarization detector enabled by metasurface
Authors: Tian Xinyi , Ma Aning , Huang Haofeng , Ma Kai , Guo Hao 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In the field of biomedicine, the detection of target analytes imposes requirements on polarization information detection and sensitivity. It necessitates non-destructive analysis of proteins and DNA. The combination of dielectric geometric metasurface with terahertz (THz) vortex beams present new opportunities for biomedical sensing. In this work, we employ simulation to demonstrate a novel methodology that integrates off-axis dual-focus with vector vortex beams (VVB). Moreover, the metasurface-based method provides potential solutions for miniaturized polarization detection. The capability of polarization detection is evaluated using different polarization states at three different focal planes. Specifically, the ellipticity and handedness of incident THz waves can be determined by the electric field intensity ratio of the two off-axis focused spots. The major axis direction of linear polarization waves can be determined by extracting the azimuth of the VVB. It is worth mentioning that higher-order VVB, benefiting from its high angular resolution characteristics, exhibits enhanced sensitivity in determining the direction of major axes. Our proposed scheme offers potential applications for THz communications, medical imaging, security detection and remote sensing.