bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Origin of Green Emission in Polyfluorene Polymers: The Roles of Thermal Oxidation Degradation and Crosslinking
Authors: Zhao W. , Cao T. , White J. M. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe green emission of poly(9,9′′‐dioctylfluorenyl‐2,7′′‐diyl), end‐capped by polyhedral oligomeric silsequioxanes, (PFO‐POSS) has been investigated by photoluminescence (PL) and photoexcitation (PE), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and transmission Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The green emission is closely correlated with thermal oxidation degradation and crosslinking of the polymer and is enhanced by annealing at elevated temperatures. The green‐to‐blue emission intensity ratio, used to assess the emission properties of thin (90 nm) films, was 3.70, 4.35, and 1.54 for an air‐annealed film, its insoluble residue (crosslinked), and a film cast from its soluble portion, respectively. For thick (5–6 μm) film, the ratios are 13.33, 13.33, and 0.79, respectively. However, FTIR spectroscopy of thick films leads to the conclusion that the carbonyl‐to‐aromatic ring concentration ratio are 0.018, 0.015, and 0.032, respectively. Focusing on the recast films, the green emission is relatively low while the carbonyl concentration is relatively high. This suggests that the energy traps at crosslinked chains play an important role in green emission. It is likely that the crosslinking enhances the excitation energy migration and energy transfer to the defects by hindering chain segment twisting.
Identification of Compounds in Wine by HPLC—Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Bevilacqua Lucio , Buiarelli Francesca , Coccioli Franco , Jasionowska Renata 
Published: September 2004

AbstractIn this work several compounds were detected in wines by HPLC—tandem mass spectrometry. In particular cinnamic and benzoic acids, tyrosol, apigenin—7—glucoside and luteolin—7—glucoside were identified and quantified in Italian wines . Red wines show bigger amount of cinnamic and benzoic acids than white wines. tyrosol is in bigger amount with respect to two flavones: luteolin—7—glucoside and apigenin—7—glucoside. These last two flavones are only in some wine, but it can be important to detect the presence of different substances in small amount to be able to characterize a wine.
NH2�SEP—PAK Cartridges for Enrichment of Aromatic Sulfur Compounds from Sea Water: Determination by GC—FID and GC—MS
Authors: Russo Mario Vincenzo , di Lorenzo Vincenzo , Avino Pasquale 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe Aromatic Sulfur Compounds (ASCs) are considered as “markers” of the crude oil age. In this frame, we have considered ASCs as “markers” of remote crude oil sea water pollution for their chemical characteristics, good solubility in water and resistance to the biodegradation. Gas chromatography of ASCs in distilled water and sea water samples has been performed after adsorption from a 80 mL water sample on to a cartridge containing 100 mg NH2�bonded porous silica. The ASCs are desorbed with 2 mL acetonetrichloromethane (1:1), which is concentrated and analysed by GC—FID or GC—MS in SIM mode. The average recovery of 0.1 μg mL—1 of each ASC from distilled water and 0.04—0.2 μg mL—1 from sea water samples is > 96.3% with a standard deviation < 2.2. The limits of detection are 0.06—0.05 ng mL—1 for thiophen—2—carboxaldehyde and benzothiophene, and 0.006—0.004 ng mL—1 for dibenzothiophene and thiantrene in GC—FID whereas they are 0.02 ng mL—1 for thiophen—2—carboxaldehyde and benzothiophene, and 0.003 ng mL—1 for dibenzothiophene and thiantrene in GC—MS (SIM) with a relative standard deviation < 7.
Clustering in wavelet domain: A multiresolution ART network for anomaly detection
Authors: Aradhye Hrishikesh B. , Bakshi Bhavik R. , Davis James F. , Ahalt Stanley C. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA method for process fault detection is presented, based on the integration of multiscale signal representation and scale‐specific clustering‐based diagnosis. Previous work has demonstrated the utility of our multiscale detection scheme applied to linear projection‐based methods, such as PCA and Dynamic PCA. This work further demonstrates the use and method independence of the multiscale scheme by applying it to a nonlinear modeling method, namely Adaptive Resonance Theory‐2. The multiscale ART‐2 (MSART‐2) algorithm detects a process change when one or more wavelet coefficients violate the similarity thresholds with respect to clusters of wavelet coefficients under normal process operation at that scale. In contrast to most other multiresolution schemes, this framework exploits clustering behavior of wavelet coefficients of multiple variables for the purpose of scale selection and feature extraction. By reconstructing the signal with only the relevant scales, MSART‐2 can automatically extract the signal feature representing the abnormal operation under consideration. Illustrative examples as well as Monte Carlo bases for these claims via a comparative performance analysis over several case studies are provided. Comparison of average detection delays or run‐lengths of MSART‐2 with those of ART‐2 for a variety of processes with different statistical characteristics is provided. Comparative results on real industrial case studies from a petrochemical process plant are also presented. Results indicate that MSART‐2, as compared to ART‐2, is a general approach that may be preferable for problems where it is necessary to detect all changes drawn from processes of various statistical characteristics. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 2455–2466, 2004
Mosaicism of the CAG repeat sequence in the Huntington disease gene in a pair of monozygotic twins
Authors: Nørremølle Anne , Hasholt Lis , Petersen Cathrine Bie , Eiberg Hans , Hasselbalch Steen G. , Gideon Peter , Nielsen Jørgen E. , Sørensen Sven Asger 
Published: September 2004

AbstractWe report on a pair of monozygotic twins belonging to a family segregating Huntington disease (HD). In routine DNA analysis of blood cells, they displayed three alleles of the CAG repeat sequence in the HD gene. Two different cell lines, carrying the normal allele together with either an expanded allele with 47 CAGs or an intermediate allele with 37 CAGs, were detected in blood and buccal epithelium from both twins. To our knowledge, this is the first case described of HD gene CAG repeat length mosaicism in blood cells. Haplotype analysis established that the 37 CAG allele most likely arose by contraction of the maternal 47 CAG allele. The contraction must have taken place postzygotically, possibly at a very early stage of development, and probably before separation of the twins. One of the twins has presented symptoms of HD for 4 years; his skin fibroblasts and hair roots carried only the cell line with the 47 CAG repeat allele. The other twin, who is without symptoms at present, displayed mosaicism in skin fibroblasts and hair roots. If the proportion of the two cell lines in the brain of each twin resembles that of their hair roots (another tissue originating from the ectoderm), the mosaicism in the unaffected twin would mean that only a part of his brain cells carried the expanded allele, which could explain why he, in contrast to his brother, has no symptoms at this time. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dilated ascending aorta in a child with ring chromosome 21 syndrome
Authors: Rope Alan F. , Hinton Robert B. , Spicer Robert L. , Blough‐Pfau Ruthann , Saal Howard M. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractRing chromosome 21 syndrome is a rare condition with a well‐characterized phenotype. Affected individuals have recognizable dysmorphic features, developmental delays, growth retardation, and a predisposition for congenital malformations involving the neurologic, craniofacial, digestive, genitourinary, skeletal, and hematologic systems. Structural cardiac anomalies have also been described, but dilated ascending aorta has not been previously reported in association with ring 21 (r(21)). Although rarely seen in this syndrome, the presence of ectopia lentis, abdominal herniae, and dilated ascending aorta suggest an underlying connective tissue disorder. A possible explanation is haploinsufficiency of the COL6A1, COL6A2, and/or COL18A genes located on the distal portion of chromosome 21q, which are lost when the ring chromosome is formed. This article contains supplementary material, which may be viewed at the American Journal of Medical Genetics website at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0148‐7299/suppmat/index.html. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distal arthrogryposis 5: A dominant syndrome of peripheral contractures and ophthalmoplegia
Authors: Beals Rodney K. , Weleber Richard G. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA four‐generation family with distal arthrogryposis 5 is described. All affected members had limitations of ocular motility and some had ptosis. Restrictive lung disease is a feature in most affected patients in this family. It is possible that this syndrome may be due to a muscle abnormality. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mitochondrial DNA control region sequence variation in migraine headache and cyclic vomiting syndrome
Authors: Wang Qingxue , Ito Masamichi , Adams Kathleen , Li B U.K. , Klopstock Thomas , Maslim Audrey , Higashimoto Tomoyasu , Herzog Juergen , Boles Richard G. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractMigraine headache is a very common condition affecting about 10% of the population that results in substantial morbidity and economic loss. The two most common variants are migraine with (MA) and without (MO) aura. Often considered to be a migraine‐like variant, cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a predominately childhood condition characterized by severe, discrete episodes of nausea, vomiting, and lethargy. Disease‐associated mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence variants are suggested in common migraine and CVS based upon a strong bias towards the maternal inheritance of disease, and several other factors. Temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TTGE) followed by cyclosequencing and RFLP was used to screen almost 90% of the mtDNA, including the control region (CR), for heteroplasmy in 62 children with CVS and neuromuscular disease (CVS+) and in 95 control subjects. One or two rare mtDNA‐CR heteroplasmic sequence variants were found in six CVS+ and in zero control subjects (P = 0.003). These variants comprised 6 point and 2 length variants in hypervariable regions 1 and 2 (HV1 and HV2, both part of the mtDNA‐CR), one half of which were clustered in the nt 16040–16188 segment of HV1 that includes the termination associated sequence (TAS), a functional location important in the regulation of mtDNA replication. Based upon our findings, sequencing and statistical analysis looking for homoplasmic nucleotide changes was performed in HV1 among 30 CVS+, 30 randomly‐ascertained CVS (rCVS), 18 MA, 32 MO, and 35 control haplogroup H cases. Within the nt 16040–16188 segment, homoplasmic sequence variants were three‐fold more common relative to control subjects in both CVS groups (P = 0.01 combined data) and in MO (P = 0.02), but not in MA (P = 0.5 vs. control subjects and 0.02 vs. MO). No group differences were noted in the remainder of HV1. We conclude that sequence variation in this small “peri‐TAS” segment is associated with CVS and MO, but not MA. These variants likely constitute risk factors for disease development. Our findings are consistent with previous data demonstrating progression of CVS into MO in many cases, and the co‐segregation in a maternal inheritance pattern of CVS and MO within families. A mitochondrial component in the pathogenesis of migraine and CVS has therapeutic implications, especially concerning the avoidance of fasting. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proximate mechanisms of reproductive monopolization in male moustached tamarins (Saguinus mystax)
Authors: Huck Maren , Löttker Petra , Heymann Eckhard W. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractIn moustached tamarin (Saguinus mystax) groups, the single breeding female mates polyandrously with most or all nonrelated adult males. Nonetheless, paternity is monopolized in many groups by a single male. No evidence for male endocrine suppression has been found in this species. The proximate mechanisms of monopolization thus remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible impact of agonistic interactions and mate‐guarding on the monopolization of paternity in male moustached tamarins. Furthermore, we evaluated the likely costs of these behaviors, and whether olfactory cues might be used for its timing. We used behavioral data on proximity, agonistic interactions, time budgets, and scent‐marking behavior to answer these questions. While direct agonistic competition does not play a prominent role, fertile females were consorted in some periods by one male, the sire of the previous and next litter. Consorting was instigated nearly exclusively by the male. It probably occurred during the female's periods of highest fertility, and thus likely functions as mate‐guarding. The timing of the consortship was probably guided by olfactory cues in the female's scent marks. While we did not obtain direct evidence for energy costs in terms of increased energy expenditure or decreased food intake, we found that consorting males are more conspicuous and therefore may be more vulnerable to predators. Am. J. Primatol. 64:39–56, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Noninvasive estimation of bone mass in ancient vertebrae
Authors: Gonzalez‐Reimers E. , Mas‐Pascual M.A. , Arnay‐de‐la‐Rosa M. , Velasco‐Vázquez J. , Santolaria‐Fernández F. , Machado‐Calvo M. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractHistomorphometry is useful in the assessment of trabecular bone mass (TBM), and thus, in the estimation of the prevalence and intensity of osteopenia in ancient population groups. However, it is a destructive method. It is therefore necessary to explore the accuracy of nondestructive approaches, such as radiography, bone mineral density (BMD) assessed by double‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA), bone density (BD), or optical density (OD) in the diagnosis of osteopenia. We selected 51 vertebrae out of a total sample composed of 333 T12, L1, and L2 vertebrae belonging to adult pre‐Hispanic inhabitants from El Hierro. These vertebrae underwent histomorphometrical analysis, a fine‐grained film radiography with assessment of trabecular pattern following standard methods, OD, DEXA‐assessed BMD, and BD. The presence of biconcave vertebrae and wedge‐shaped vertebrae was also assessed by measuring anterior height (a), posterior height (p), and height at the middle point of the vertebral body (m), and further calculating the indices 2m/(a + p) (“spine score”) and a/p. Significant correlations were observed between TBM and BMD (r = 0.43), TBM and BD (r = 0.49), TBM and OD (r = 0.52), BMD and OD (r = 0.51), and BMD and BD (r = 0.36), but not between TBM and the indices 2m/(a + p) and a/p. In the stepwise multiple correlation analysis between TBM and BMD, BD, and OD, OD entered into first place and BD into second place, whereas BMD became displaced; the multiple correlation coefficient was 0.63, with a standard error of 3.78. A BMD greater than 0.60 g/cm2, or a bone density greater than 0.60 g/cm3, excluded osteopenia (TBM <15%) with a specificity greater than 90%, whereas a BMD value less than 0.35 g/cm2, a BD less than 0.35 g/cm3, or optical density >1.6 excluded a normal bone mass (TBM >20%) with a specificity greater than 90%. Based on radiographic criteria on the total sample, we also conclude that the overall prevalence of vertebral fractures in the adult pre‐Hispanic population of El Hierro of any age is 7.5%. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of the combination of solid lubricants and short carbon fibers on the sliding performance of poly(ether imide) matrix composites
Authors: Xian Guijun , Zhang Zhong 
Published: September 2004

AbstractSolid lubricants, that is, graphite flakes and poly(tetrafluoroethylene) powders, were incorporated with short carbon fibers into a poly(ether imide) matrix to improve the tribological performance. Wear tests were performed with a polymer pin against a mild steel counterpart at a constant sliding speed of 1 m/s under various temperatures and contact pressures. Composites filled with equilibrium contents of solid lubricants and short carbon fibers, that is, 10 vol % of each filler, exhibited the lowest wear rate and friction coefficient. The relatively lower concentration of solid lubricants adversely affected the wear resistance, whereas the friction coefficient did not vary significantly in comparison with the friction coefficient of the composites filled with only short carbon fibers. The improved tribological behavior was attributed to more continuous and effective friction films formed on the material pairs during sliding. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 1428–1434, 2004
Dynamic interfacial properties between a flexible‐chain polymer and a thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer investigated by an ellipsoidal drop retraction method
Authors: Yu Ruobing , Yu Wei , Zhou Chixing , Feng J. J. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractIn this study, the dynamic interfacial properties between an isotropic polymer and a thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (TLCP) were investigated by measuring the time‐dependent interfacial tension between them. As a TLCP drop retracts in a flexible polymer matrix, the evolution of its shape is recorded by microscopy. By fitting the ellipsoidal model of Maffettone and Minale, the model of Marrucci and Santo, and large deformation ellipsoidal models by Jackson–Tucker and Yu–Bousmina, the interfacial tension could then be determined. It was found that the retraction of a TLCP ellipsoidal drop in a flexible polymer cannot be described by these models as accurately as in Newtonian systems. The apparent interfacial tension obtained from these models evolves with time; the evolution is ascribed to the slow relaxation of domain orientation within the TLCP drop. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94:1404–1410, 2004
Preparation of fluoroacrylate nanocopolymer by miniemulsion polymerization used in textile finishing
Authors: Huang Pei‐Yuan , Chao Yu‐Chou , Liao Yih‐Tyan 
Published: September 2004

AbstractLatex based on fluoroacrylate (TAN) and other comonomers was prepared via miniemulsion polymerization in the presence of stearyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (STAC) and 2, 2′‐azobis (2‐amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (ABAP) as a water soluble initiator. Light transmittance studies demonstrated that the light transmittance of prepared emulsions increases with the amount of TAN, STAC, cosolvent DPM, and hydrophobe DM. Given suitable reaction temperature and quantities of TAN, STAC, DPM, and DM, a copolymer emulsion of fluoroacylate with a particle size of 50 nm was produced. The water repellency tested on polyester fabrics displayed greater effectiveness than that of commercial products with higher fluorine content. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 1466–1472, 2004
Cooperation of Ras‐ and c‐Myc–dependent pathways in regulating the growth and invasiveness of synovial fibroblasts in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Pap Thomas , Nawrath Michael , Heinrich Jochen , Bosse Magnus , Baier Anja , Hummel Klaus M. , Petrow Peter , Kuchen Stefan , Michel Beat A. , Gay Renate E. , Müller‐Ladner Ulf , Moelling Karin , Gay Steffen 
Published: September 2004

AbstractObjectiveTo study the specific contribution of MAP kinase activator c‐Raf‐1 and one of its downstream transcription factors, c‐Myc, to the growth and invasive behavior of rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASFs).MethodsRASFs were transduced with retroviral constructs expressing dominant‐negative mutants of c‐Raf‐1 or c‐Myc (DN c‐Raf‐1 or DN c‐Myc, respectively) or with the mock vector. The expression of wild‐type and mutant proteins was confirmed by Western blotting. Growth curves of RASFs were recorded, and apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry. Invasiveness of RASFs was assessed in the SCID mouse model of RA. Immunohistochemistry was used to study the effects of DN c‐Raf‐1 on phosphorylated c‐Jun and matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP‐1) in RASFs implanted into SCID mice. The phosphorylation of ERK and JNK in DN c‐Raf‐1– and mock‐transduced RASFs was determined in vitro by Western blotting. The levels of MMPs in these cells were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR).ResultsNeither DN c‐Raf‐1 alone nor DN c‐Myc alone significantly altered proliferation or apoptosis of RASFs, but both mutants together rapidly induced apoptosis. Inhibition of c‐Raf‐1 or c‐Myc significantly reduced the invasiveness of RASFs in the SCID mouse model. DN c‐Raf‐1 decreased the phosphorylation of ERK and JNK in vitro and reduced the in vivo expression of phosphorylated c‐Jun as well as the expression of disease‐relevant MMPs. As determined by quantitative PCR, the inhibition was most pronounced for MMP‐1 and MMP‐3.ConclusionThe data demonstrate that Ras‐ and c‐Myc–dependent signaling events cooperate to regulate the growth and invasiveness of RASFs. Targeting of both c‐Raf‐1 and c‐Myc may constitute an interesting therapeutic approach in RA.
Successful treatment of SAPHO syndrome with zoledronic acid
Authors: Kopterides Petros , Pikazis Dimitrios , Koufos Christos 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe SAPHO syndrome (synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis) is a chronic, relapsing, inflammatory condition with skin and osteoarticular manifestations. Its etiology remains unclear, and various treatment regimens with steroids and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs frequently fail to control the disease, while exposing patients to the side effects of these drugs. Because the SAPHO syndrome manifests as a destructive inflammatory bone disease, use of bisphosphonates that possess antiosteoclastic and probably antiinflammatory properties has been suggested to be helpful. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of successful treatment with zoledronic acid of SAPHO syndrome that was resistant to conventional treatment.