bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Explainable generalized additive neural networks with independent neural network training
Authors: Ortega-Fernandez Ines , Sestelo Marta , Villanueva Nora M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNeural Networks are one of the most popular methods nowadays given their high performance on diverse tasks, such as computer vision, anomaly detection, computer-aided disease detection and diagnosis or natural language processing. While neural networks are known for their high performance, they often suffer from the so-called “black-box” problem, which means that it is difficult to understand how the model makes decisions. We introduce a neural network topology based on Generalized Additive Models. By training an independent neural network to estimate the contribution of each feature to the output variable, we obtain a highly accurate and explainable deep learning model, providing a flexible framework for training Generalized Additive Neural Networks which does not impose any restriction on the neural network architecture. The proposed algorithm is evaluated through different simulation studies with synthetic datasets, as well as a real-world use case of Distributed Denial of Service cyberattack detection on an Industrial Control System. The results show that our proposal outperforms other GAM-based neural network implementations while providing higher interpretability, making it a promising approach for high-risk AI applications where transparency and accountability are crucial.
Preliminary estimates of genetic parameters and familial selection for non-native poplars show good potential for genetic gains on growth, cold hardiness, trunk quality and Sphaerulina musiva susceptibility
Authors: Otis-Prud’homme Guillaume , DeBlois Josianne , Perron Martin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGenetic parameters for growth, trunk quality, and susceptibility to frost and Sphaerulina musiva attack were estimated from 34 half-sib families of hybrid poplar from the crossing of non-native parents, Populus maximowiczii A. Henry, and Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray, 3 and 6 years after planting. The use of spatial analysis proved to be the best method for quantitative growth data. The proportion of the among-family variance to the total (phenotypic) variance as well as the high heritabilities of growth and susceptibility to frost and Spaherulina musiva showed a high potential for selection for these traits while the quality traits were under low genetic control. Some families showed gains for several traits, suggesting the possibility of developing a selection index to obtain superior families that show gain for not only growth but quality and adaptive traits as well. Type B correlations were high, suggesting that families responded in the same way regardless of the site. High type A correlation between growth traits at 3 and 6 years showed early selection potential, although these relationships should be confirmed with future measurements to evaluate this effect at maturity. These results can be integrated into the strategy for improving hybrid poplar parental populations and, in the longer term, will make it possible to optimize the selection of individuals with traits of interest for the operational deployment of hybrid poplar clones.
Batch adsorption study in liquid phase under agitation, rotation, and nanobubbles: comparisons in a multi-parametric study
Authors: Kouvalakidou Sofia L. , Varoutoglou Athanasios , Alibrahim Khuloud A. , Alodhayb Abdullah N. , Mitropoulos Athanasios C. , Kyzas George Z. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractConcern for environmental protection has increased throughout the years from a global perspective. To date, the predominance of adsorption as treatment technique in environmental chemistry remains unchallenged. Moreover, the scientific attention for investigating nanobubbles due to their unique properties has turned the search for their application in environmental processes with special emphasis on water treatment. This study is aimed at investigating the effect of rotation on batch adsorption process using commercial activated carbon as adsorbent material, compared with the widely used method of agitation. As liquid medium, deionized water and deionized water enhanced with nanobubbles (of air) were used. The wastewater was simulated by dissolving a common dye as model pollutant, methylene blue, at concentration of 300 mg/L in the tested liquid. The results indicated that the utilization of nanobubbles resulted in an improvement on adsorption rate, compared to the corresponding values of deionized water solutions. These results may lead to promising applications in the future, since just 1 h of operation increases the water purification and thus provides a simply applied, cost-effective, and rapid alternative.
Autobahn der Zelle: Wie das SARS-CoV-2-Spike-Protein durch die Zelle reist
Authors: Veeck Christopher , Biedenkopf Nadine 
Published: October 2023

AbstractViruses employ cellular host factors not only for replication and transcription but also for transport and assembly. Rab-GTPases, as master regulators of intracellular trafficking pathways, are commonly involved host factors and useful tools for identification of transport pathways used but certain viruses. Here, we present Rab1B as an essential host factor for trafficking and maturation of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.
Wie beobachtet man Viren bei ihrem Zusammenbau?
Authors: Read Clarissa , Bergner Tim 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUnderstanding interaction of viruses with the host organism is crucial for fighting global pandemics as well as life-threatening diseases in humans and animals. This understanding requires among other things direct visualization of viruses and viral structures inside infected cells. Only electron microscopy (EM) provides a sufficient resolution for this. Using a herpesvirus and SARS-CoV-2 as an example, this article high-lights EM as an important and versatile method in virus research.
Proteinnetzwerk-Analysen schnell gemacht mit PRO-Simat
Authors: Salihoglu Rana , Bencurova Elena , Dandekar Thomas 
Published: October 2023

DePRO-Simat is a versatile bioinformatics tool for protein network analysis, protein engineering and dynamic modeling of various model organisms. Four different modules work together and offer extensive protein network analysis including host-pathogen interactions, cell protein networks, network design and cancer research. It allows to analyze network structure, its dynamics, signaling and metabolic pathways as well as process analysis. It is available at http://prosimat.heinzelab.de.
Co-expression of GR79 EPSPS and GAT generates high glyphosate-resistant alfalfa with low glyphosate residues
Authors: Meng Yingying , Zhang Wenwen , Wang Zhaoming , Yuan Feng , Guo Sandui , Lin Hao , Niu Lifang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWeed competition seriously threatens the yield of alfalfa, the most important forage legume worldwide, thus generating herbicide-resistant alfalfa varieties is becoming a necessary cost-effective strategy to assist farmers for weed control. Here, we report the co-expression of plant codon-optimized forms of GR79 EPSPS (pGR79 EPSPS) and N-acetyltransferase (pGAT) genes, in alfalfa, via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. We established that the pGR79 EPSPS-pGAT co-expression alfalfa lines were able to tolerate up to tenfold higher commercial usage of glyphosate and produced approximately ten times lower glyphosate residues than the conventional cultivar. Our findings generate an elite herbicide-resistant germplasm for alfalfa breeding and provide a promising strategy for developing high-glyphosate-resistant and low-glyphosate-residue forages.
Women: guardians of water and cultural link amid drinking water scarcity in Gboguhé Sub-Prefecture, Central-West Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Seri Jonathan Aser Engelvin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn rural Ivorian communities, women are considered as the guardians of water, undertaking an essential role deeply rooted in local cultural values, ensuring the preservation and management of this vital resource. However, the scarcity of potable water places them under significant pressure, exposing them to heightened risks. Within this context, this study conducted in the Sub-Prefecture of Gboguhé explores the critical link between the cultural values of Bete women and the issue of access to potable water in the region, with a specific focus on the impacts they experience. To achieve this, the study adopts a primarily qualitative approach based on documentary research, direct observations, in-depth semi-structured interviews, and focus groups. The findings reveal that the scarcity of potable water disproportionately affects women in these communities, leading to significant socio-economic consequences. Water points often become scenes of verbal and physical aggression among women, given the difficulties in accessing water in the area, thereby limiting their daily activities and economic participation. Furthermore, they face heightened health risks due to water supply hardships and the consumption of non-potable water from unimproved sources. Additionally, this study offers novel perspectives for transformative actions aimed at addressing the scarcity of potable water, promoting women's social and cultural values, and preserving the essential cultural ties within the Bete communities of Gboguhé and beyond.
Solar and open sun drying of untreated and pretreated banana stalk chips biomass: a sustainable processing of biomass using renewable solar energy
Authors: Agbede Oluseye Omotoso , Odewale Ifeoluwa Solomon , Aworanti Oluwafunmilayo Abiola , Alagbe Solomon Oluyemi , Ogunkunle Oyetola , Laseinde Opeyeolu Timothy 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe stalk of banana is an abundant biomass that can be sustainably converted into bioenergy, biofuels, biosorbents, animal feeds and fibers. The moisture content of freshly harvested banana stalk is high, so drying is essential before its storage and prior to some of the conversion processes. Hence, solar and open sun drying characteristics of banana stalk chips were investigated. Untreated (5, 10 and 15 mm thick) and pretreated (hot water, salt water and sulphite) banana stalk chips were dehydrated in a solar dryer and directly in sunlight. The data were fitted to twelve drying models. The moisture diffusivities were also evaluated. Banana stalk dried mainly in the falling-rate phase and the rate of drying increased with decreasing chip thickness. However, the chips dried slower in direct sunlight compared to the solar dryer. The pretreatments significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced the rate of dehydration of the chips in the solar dryer. Diffusivities for the solar and direct sunlight drying of banana stalk chips were 1.28 × 10–9–5.32 × 10–9 m2 s−1 and 1.08 × 10–9–3.65 × 10–9 m2 s−1, respectively. The Weibull model aptly described the solar drying of the chips while the Midilli-Kucuk and Weibull models most properly depicted the open sun dehydration of untreated and pretreated chips, respectively. Solar energy may be more efficiently utilized for drying banana stalk chips biomass by using a solar dryer as well as a very thin layer of chips and by pretreating the biomass prior to the drying operation. The effective use of solar energy for drying banana stalk biomass can reduce its processing cost and enhance the sustainability of biomass utilization.
Systems, Relations, and the Structures of International Societies
Authors: Donnelly Jack 
Published: October 2023

Inspired by recent work in evolutionary, developmental, and systems biology, Systems, Relations, and the Structures of International Societies sketches a robust conception of systems that grounds a new conception of levels (of organization, not merely analysis). Understanding international systems as multi-level multi-actor complex adaptive systems allows explanations of important features of the world that are inaccessible to dominant causal and rationalist explanatory strategies. It also develops a comprehensive critique of IR's dominant conception of systems and structures (narrow, rigid, and unfruitful); presents a novel conception of the interrelationship of the social production of continuities and the social production of change; and sketches models of spatio-political structure that cast new light on the development of international systems, including a distinctive account of the nature of globalization.
Flavour, emulsifiers and colour are the most frequent markers to detect food ultra-processing in a UK food market analysis
Authors: Neumann Nathalie Judith , Eichner Gerrit , Fasshauer Mathias 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjective:To elucidate which markers of ultra-processing (MUP) and their combinations are best suited to detect ultra-processed food (UPF).Design:The study was based on the 206 food and 32 beverage items of the Oxford WebQ which encompass all major foods consumed in the UK. For each Oxford WebQ question, ingredient lists of up to ten matching different commercial products (n 2146) were researched online using data from the two market leaders of groceries in the UK sorted by relevance (Tesco) and by top sellers (Sainsbury’s), respectively. According to the NOVA classification, sixty-five MUP were defined, and if the ingredient list of a food product was positive for at least one MUP, it was regarded as UPF. The percentage of UPF items containing specific MUP was calculated. In addition, all combinations of two to six different MUP were assessed concerning the percentage of identified UPF items.Setting:Cross-sectional analysis.Participants:None.Results:A total of 990 products contained at least one MUP and were, therefore, regarded as UPF. The most frequent MUP were flavour (578 items, 58·4 % of all UPF), emulsifiers (353 items, 35·7 % of all UPF) and colour (262 items, 26·5 % of all UPF). Combined, these three MUP detected 79·2 % of all UPF products. Detection rate increased to 88·4 % of all UPF if ingredient lists were analysed concerning three additional MUP, that is, fibre, dextrose and firming agent.Conclusions:Almost 90 % of all UPF items can be detected by six MUP.
Tree Growth Enhancement Drives a Persistent Biomass Gain in Unmanaged Temperate Forests
Authors: Marqués Laura , Weng Ensheng , Bugmann Harald , Forrester David I. , Rohner Brigitte , Hobi Martina L. , Trotsiuk Volodymyr , Stocker Benjamin D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWhile enhanced tree growth over the last decades has been reported in forests across the globe, it remains unclear whether it drives persistent biomass increases of forest stands, particularly in mature forests. Enhanced tree growth and stand‐level biomass are often linked with a simultaneous increase in density‐driven mortality and a reduction in tree longevity. Identifying empirical evidence regarding the balance between these processes is challenging due to the confounding effects of stand history, management, and environmental changes. Here, we investigate the link between growth and biomass via the negative relationship between average tree size and stand density (tree number per area). We find increasing stand density for a given mean tree size in unmanaged closed‐canopy forests in Switzerland over the past six decades and a positive relationship between tree growth and stand density across forest plots—qualitatively consistent with our simulations using a mechanistic, cohort‐resolving ecosystem model (BiomeE). Model simulations show that, in the absence of other disturbances, enhanced tree growth persistently increases biomass stocks despite simultaneous decreases in carbon residence time and tree longevity. However, the magnitude of simulated biomass changes for a given growth enhancement critically depends on the shape of the mortality functions. Our analyses reconcile reports of growth‐induced reductions of tree longevity with model predictions of persistent biomass increases, and with our finding of trends toward denser forests in response to growth—also in mature stands.
Shallow Tectonic Stress Magnitudes at the Hikurangi Subduction Margin, New Zealand
Authors: Behboudi E. , McNamara D. D. , Lokmer I. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractQuantifying tectonic stress magnitudes is crucial in understanding crustal deformation processes, fault geomechanics, and variable plate interface slip behaviors in subduction zones. The Hikurangi Subduction Margin (HSM), New Zealand, is characterized by along‐strike variation in interface slip behavior, which may be linked to tectonic stress variations within the overriding plate. This study constrains in situ stress magnitudes of the shallow (<3 km) overriding plate of the HSM to better understand its tectonics and how they relate to larger scale subduction dynamics. Results reveal σ3: Sv ratios of 0.6–1 at depths above 650–700 m TVD and 0.92–1 below this depth interval along the entire HSM. Additionally, for depths below 650–700 m TVD, SHmax: Sv ratios of 0.95–1.81 in the central HSM and 0.95–2.3 in the southern HSM are estimated. These stress ratios suggest a prevalent thrust to strike‐slip (σ1 = SHmax) faulting regime across the central and southern HSM. In the central HSM, the presence of NNE‐NE striking reverse faults co‐existing with a modern σ1 (SHmax) aligned ENE‐WSW suggests that overtime the stress state here evolved from a contractional to a strike‐slip state, where the compressional direction changes from perpendicular (NW‐SE) to oblique (ENE‐WSW) to the Hikurangi margin. This temporal change in stress state may be explained by forearc rotation, likely combined with the development of upper plate overpressures. In the southern HSM, the modern WNW‐ESE/NW‐SE σ1 (SHmax) and pre‐existing NNE‐NE striking reverse faults indicate that stress state remains contractional and perpendicular (NW‐SE) to the Hikurangi margin overtime.
Global Hydrogen Production During High‐Pressure Serpentinization of Subducting Slabs
Authors: Merdith A. S. , Daniel I. , Sverjensky D. , Andreani M. , Mather B. , Williams S. , Vitale Brovarone A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSerpentinization is among the most important, and ubiquitous, geological processes in crustal–upper mantle conditions (<6 GPa, <600°C), altering the rheology of rocks and producing H2 that can sustain life. While observations are available to quantify serpentinization in terrestrial and mid‐ocean ridge environments, measurements within subduction zone environments are far more sparse. To overcome this difficulty, we design a methodology to quantify and offer a first‐order estimate of the magnitude of “slab‐serpentinization” that has occurred over the last 5 Ma within the world's subduction zones by coupling four discrete tectonic and geophysical datasets—(a) raster grids of relic abyssal peridotite (peridotite exhumed from slow spreading mid‐ocean ridges but unaffected by pre‐subduction serpentinization) within ocean basins, (b) slab geometry, (c) thermal profiles and a (d) plate‐tectonic model. Averaged per year, our results suggest that 4.2–24 • 107 kg of H2 per annum could be generated from “slab‐serpentinization” within a subduction zone. Our estimate is 1–2 orders of magnitude lower than what is thought to be produced at mid‐ocean ridges, and of a similar magnitude to what could occur when including serpentinization at trench flexure and possible mantle wedge serpentinization. Higher hydrogen production is correlated most strongly with the spreading history of ocean basins, underlaying the importance of the tectonic history of a slab prior to subduction.
The Influence of Solar Irradiation and Solar Wind Conditions on Heavy Ion Escape from Mars
Authors: Zhang Qi , Holmström Mats , Wang Xiao‐dong , Nilsson Hans , Barabash Stas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe apply a recently proposed method to estimate heavy ion escape from Mars. The method combines in situ observations with a hybrid plasma model, which treats ions as particles and electrons as a fluid. With this method, we investigate how solar upstream conditions, including solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation, solar wind dynamic pressure, and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) strength and cone angle, affect the heavy ion loss. The results indicate that the heavy ion escape rate is greater in high EUV conditions. The escape rate increases with increasing solar wind dynamic pressure, and decreases as the IMF strength increases. The ion escape rate is highest when the solar wind is parallel to the IMF and lowest when they are perpendicular. The plume escape rate decreases when the solar wind convective electric field increases.
Magnetic Longitudinal and Local Time Variations of Polar Electrojet and Field‐Aligned Currents
Authors: Wang Hui , Lühr Hermann 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this work, prominent longitudinal variation of polar electrojet (PEJ) and field‐aligned currents (FACs) are reported for the first time in different local times and hemispheres. Larger longitudinal differences exist mostly in the south than in the north with nearly opposite phase except for the nighttime. The most prominent longitudinal variation occurs around noontime. In the nighttime, the longitudinal changes of PEJ and upward FACs in both hemispheres are similar. The larger northern summer FACs and PEJ at noon occur more frequently around 0°–60° and 300°–360° magnetic longitude (MLon), while the larger southern summer currents occur around 120°–300° MLon. The summer‐winter hemispheric differences in PEJ and upward FACs disappear in the midnight sector. The northern FACs dominance exists around 0°–120° and 270°–360° MLon, except for winter when the northern dominance of upward FACs at night exist in nearly all longitudes. In local summer, PEJ shows northern dominance around 0°–60° and 270°–360° MLon, and southern dominance around 120°–240° MLon. In local winter, PEJ shows northern dominance around 180° MLon near midnight, while in most other local times, PEJ shows northern dominance around 270° MLon. These longitudinal, seasonal and hemispheric differences are discussed in terms of mixing effects of ionospheric conductance and merging electric field in different local time sectors.
A single session of aerobic exercise reduces systolic blood pressure at rest and in response to stress in women with rheumatoid arthritis and hypertension
Authors: de Luna Tatiane Almeida , Rezende Diego Augusto Nunes , de Brito Leandro Campos , Fecchio Rafael Yokoyama , Lima Fernanda Rodrigues , de Sá Pinto Ana Lúcia , de Medeiros Ribeiro Ana Cristina , Bonfiglioli Karina Rossi , Gualano Bruno , Roschel Hamilton , Peçanha Tiago 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by increased risk of cardiovascular disease and hypertension (HT). A single session of aerobic exercise may reduce blood pressure (BP) in different clinical groups; however, little is known about the acute effects of exercise on BP in RA patients. This is a randomized controlled crossover study that assessed the effects of a single session of aerobic exercise on resting BP, on BP responses to stressful stimuli, and on 24-h BP in women with RA and HT. Twenty women with RA and HT (53 ± 10 years) undertook sessions of 30-min treadmill exercise (50% VO2max) or control (no exercise) in a crossover fashion. Before and after the sessions, BP was measured at rest, and in response to the Stroop-Color Word Test (SCWT), the Cold Pressor Test (CPT), and an isometric handgrip test. After the sessions, participants were also fitted with an ambulatory BP monitor for the assessment of 24-h BP. A single session of exercise reduced resting systolic BP (SBP) (−5 ± 9 mmHg; p < 0.05), and reduced SBP response to the SCWT (−7 ± 14 mmHg; p < 0.05), and to the CPT (−5 ± 11 mmHg; p < 0.05). Exercise did not reduce resting diastolic BP (DBP), BP responses to the isometric handgrip test or 24-h BP. In conclusion, a single session of aerobic exercise reduced SBP at rest and in response to stressful stimuli in hypertensive women with RA. These results support the use of exercise as a strategy for controlling HT and, hence, reducing cardiovascular risk in women with RA.Clinical Trial Registration: This study registered at the Brazilian Clinical Trials (https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-867k9g) at 12/13/2019.