bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VTA µ-opioidergic neurons facilitate low sociability in protracted opioid abstinence
Authors: Jo Adrienne Y. , Xie Yihan , Wooldridge Lisa M. , Rogers Sophie A. , Kimmey Blake A. , Rodrigues Amrith , Sandoval Ortega Raquel Adaia , Creasy Kate Townsend , Beier Kevin T. , Blendy Julie A. , Corder Gregory 
Published: February 2025

Opioids initiate dynamic maladaptation in brain reward and affect circuits that occur throughout chronic exposure and withdrawal that persist beyond cessation. Protracted abstinence is characterized by negative affective behaviors such as heightened anxiety, irritability, dysphoria, and anhedonia, which pose a significant risk factor for relapse. While the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and mu-opioid receptors (MORs) are critical for opioid reinforcement, the specific contributions of VTAMORneurons in mediating protracted abstinence-induced negative affect is not fully understood. In our study, we elucidate the role of VTAMORneurons in mediating negative affect and altered brain-wide neuronal activities following forced opioid exposure and abstinence in male and female mice. Utilizing a chronic oral morphine administration model, we observe increased social deficit, anxiety-related, and despair-like behaviors during protracted forced abstinence. VTAMORneurons show heightened neuronal FOS activation at the onset of withdrawal and connect to an array of brain regions that mediate reward and affective processes. Viral re-expression of MORs selectively within the VTA of MOR knockout mice demonstrates that the disrupted social interaction observed during protracted abstinence is facilitated by this neural population, without affecting other protracted abstinence behaviors. Lastly, VTAMORscontribute to heightened neuronal FOS activation in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in response to an acute morphine challenge, suggesting their unique role in modulating ACC-specific neuronal activity. These findings identify VTAMORneurons as critical modulators of low sociability during protracted abstinence and highlight their potential as a mechanistic target to alleviate negative affective behaviors associated with opioid abstinence.Significance statementThe compelling urge for relief from negative affective states during long-term opioid abstinence presents a crucial challenge for maintaining abstinence. The ventral tegmental area (VTA) and its mu-opioid receptor-expressing (VTAMOR) neurons represent a critical target of opioidergic action that underlie dependence and abstinence. Chronic activation of VTAMORneurons during opioid exposure induces maladaptations within these neurons and their structurally connected circuitries, which alter reward processing and contribute to negative affect. Using an oral morphine drinking paradigm to induce dependence, we demonstrate that withdrawal engages VTAMORneurons and identify this neuronal population as key mediators of opioid abstinence-induced social deficits. These findings hold promise to inform development of targeted therapies aimed at alleviating negative affective states associated with protracted opioid abstinence.
Astrocyte modulation of synaptic plasticity mediated by activity-dependent Sonic hedgehog signaling
Authors: Le Anh Duc , Fu Marissa , Carper Ashley , Zegarowicz Elizabeth , Kumar Riya , Zacharias Gloria , Garcia A. Denise R. 
Published: February 2025

The influence of neural activity on astrocytes and their reciprocal interactions with neurons has emerged as an important modulator of synapse function. Astrocytes exhibit activity-dependent changes in gene expression, yet the molecular mechanisms by which neural activity is coupled to gene expression are not well understood. The molecular signaling pathway, Sonic hedgehog (Shh), mediates neuron-astrocyte communication and regulates the organization of cortical synapses. Here, we demonstrate that neural activity stimulates Shh signaling in cortical astrocytes and upregulates expression of Hevin and SPARC, astrocyte-derived molecules that modify synapses. Whisker stimulation in both male and female mice promotes activity-dependent Shh signaling selectively in the somatosensory, but not visual cortex, whereas sensory deprivation reduces Shh activity, demonstrating bidirectional regulation of the pathway by sensory experience. Selective loss of Shh signaling in astrocytes reduces expression of Hevin and SPARC and occludes activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. Taken together, these data identify Shh signaling as an activity-dependent, molecular signaling pathway that regulates astrocyte gene expression and promotes astrocyte modulation of synaptic plasticity.Significance statementUnderstanding how the nervous system orchestrates the complex cellular and molecular interactions that are necessary to adapt to changing environments is a fundamental goal in neuroscience. Neuronal adaption to novel experience is well characterized, however astrocytes are now recognized as key players in modulating synaptic function and plasticity. Like neurons, astrocytes exhibit activity-dependent gene expression. However, the mechanisms by which activity is coupled to gene expression are poorly defined. Here, we show that neural activity stimulates the molecular signaling pathway, Sonic hedgehog (Shh), in astrocytes. Shh signaling promotes expression of synapse-regulating genes and is required for astrocyte modulation of synaptic plasticity. Understanding how astrocytes contribute to synaptic plasticity sheds new light on how experience shapes brain function.
Endovascular repair of an aortic aneurysm incorporating eight branches
Authors: Csobay-Novák Csaba , Csikós Gergely , Bérczi Ákos , Szentiványi András , Osztrogonácz Péter , Hüttl Artúr , Sótonyi Péter 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThoracoabdominal aneurysms with extent I and II usually represent a challenge for endovascular aortic repair, given the absent proximal landing zone for a standard thoracic endovascular aortic repair. We report a successful endovascular treatment of such an aneurysm with a staged complex repair incorporating a total of eight branches, without the need of a surgical bypass.
Comparação dos impactos cognitivos do uso do Instagram versus TikTok entre adolescentes de diferentes níveis socioeconômicos
Authors: Lacerda Giovana , Ramalho Ana Claudia 
Published: February 2025

A utilização de redes sociais vem aumentando significativamente, sendo o Brasil o terceiro país com maior uso diário de redes sociais (10 horas e 35 minutos). As redes sociais são responsáveis pela liberação instantânea de dopamina, o que perpetua a necessidade de utilização da rede para manter esse alto nível de satisfação. Assim, ao interromper a utilização das redes, o indivíduo sofre uma imediata redução de dopamina em sua circulação podendo trazer irritabilidade e tristeza. Por esse motivo, o estudo visa analisar os impactos do Instagram e do TikTok nas funções cognitivas (atenção e memória), na fase da adolescência. Os objetivos deste estudo são analisar o impacto cognitivo do Instagram e do TikTok, contrastar os resultados em diferentes níveis socioeconômicos e entre diferentes comportamentos dos jovens na rede social. O estudo consiste de 2 etapas: 1- aplicação de um questionário, testes de atenção e memória, e 2- os participantes serão divididos em 2 grupos: Grupo 1: vão reduzir Instagram, grupo 2: vão reduzir TikTok, por 4 semanas, e farão o questionário e testes de atenção e memória antes e após o período de redução. O questionário aplicado consiste de itens sobre utilização das redes sociais, teste de atenção e teste de memória. Resultados: 70% dos jovens que utilizavam redes sociais imediatamente antes de dormir sentiam irritação frequentemente e 68,75% indicaram dificuldade de dormir. E, dos usuários das redes que tinham média de uso diária de 3-5 horas, 50% destes, dos que utilizavam Instagram, e 35% do TikTok tinham as notas escolares de 8.0 ou acima. A média diária de estudos para 50% dos adolescentes de ambos os grupos foi maior de 4 horas. Conclusão: que há uma similaridade entre o TikTok e o Instagram no que tange à influência na rotina de estudos, e que estas duas redes não estão associadas diretamente ao desempenho escolar. Além disso, percebe-se uma influência comportamental da utilização de redes sociais muito próxima à hora do sono.
THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON THE LAW OF DELICT AND PRODUCT LIABILITY
Authors: Franaaz Khan  
Published: February 2025

An enquiry into negligence involves evaluating a defendant’s conduct according to a standard that is acceptable to society. This standard is expressed with reference to a fictitious ‘reasonable person’ that represents society’s expectation of adequate and reasonable conduct in the law of delict. It represents an objective standard that all legal subjects must adhere to by paying sufficient attention to ensure that their conduct is in line with the standard of care that society expects. However, this test of negligence in delict would in the near future require reform as there has been the new era of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that has legal implications. AI a term that is unpacked further in this article has seen it already diagnosing diseases, drafting legal contracts, and providing different levels of service. What happens in instances where these AI systems cause harm? How should South African law respond to accidents caused by AI? It is acknowledged that South Africa has an existing body of law in delict that deals with injury and harm. It provides a mechanism of compensation for an aggrieved party. Delict involves the standard of negligence in certain cases and that is pinned on a reasonable man test. However, would this test be the best fit given the changes in law? If an AI causes harm or damage the standard of the hypothetical reasonable man would not suffice. In South Africa, AI and the development of computer systems to perform tasks usually requiring human intelligence is progressing. However, as AI improves our everyday life, it also raises human anxiety and concern. The law needs to play catch up to this rapid and growing change in technology. In South Africa there is no legislation dealing specifically with AI and its legal issues that follow. Given the context that the discussion of AI and the law is a mammoth task to undertake, this note focuses only on the aspect of the reasonable man test in the law of delict and how the law can adapt or modify itself in respect of developing AI and cases of harm that are caused by an AI system in delict.
The note firstly examines the historical reasonable man test in South Africa and further unpacks the concept of AI. The note further examines and discusses the implications that AI has in respect of delict. The current legislative framework in South Africa is highlighted. In addition, this note examines the international changes made in respect of delict or tort law in respect of AI. Finally, the note provides recommendations as to how South Africa can position itself in respect of delict and AI.
Coal Petrography and Rock-Eval Pyrolysis of Coals of Barakar Formation of Kothagudem and Godavari Sub-Basins, Pranhita-Godavari Basin, India: Implication to Depositional Environment
Authors: Gogoi Kakoli , Kiran S. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
Understanding the depositional environment of coals is crucial for determining the geological history and potential resource assessment. This study employs coal petrography and Rock-Eval pyrolysis to analyse the coals of the Barakar Formation in the Kothagudem and Godavari Sub-Basins, within the Pranhita-Godavari Basin, India. By interpreting the organic composition and thermal maturity of these coals, this study aims to provide valuable insights into their depositional conditions and hydrocarbon potential. The physicochemical and reflectance (0.30% and 0.44%) investigations indicate that the coal samples are sub-bituminous and of low rank. In the Kothagudem and Godavari sub-basins, vitrinite (26.7–70.6%) is the predominant maceral, followed by liptinite (10.7–14.7%) and inertinite (5.3–30.0%). The materials have a high total organic carbon (TOC) content (43.37 to 68.43%) and the capacity to generate hydrocarbons, as indicated by the results of Rock-Eval pyrolysis and analysis. Tmax interpretations (415°C to 427°C) suggest that the samples are primarily immature for oil production. The type II and type III kerogens that make up the majority of the coals in the sub-basins are produced mostly by terrestrial plants, which are the main source of organic matter. This kerogen is typically gas-prone and has minimal potential for oil generation. However, the primary phase was wet moor with intermittent moderate to severe floods and a few alternative dry spells that resulted in oxic and anoxic moor conditions.
Utilizing Deep Learning and Machine Vision in Tunneling: Classifying Rock Bodies, Assessing Perimeter Rock Quality, and Analyzing Groundwater Distribution
Authors: Lv Bo , Sun Tao , Yu Shenglan , Lu Jiaxin , Zhao Wenli 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
As a crucial component of using subterranean space, tunnel engineering faces several difficulties with groundwater distribution analysis, rock quality assessment, and classifying rock masses. This work attempts to increase the precision of surrounding rock quality evaluation, the accuracy of rock structure classification, and the quantitative characterization of groundwater distribution in tunnel engineering by merging machine vision and deep learning approaches. Initially, we utilized the deep learning model Inception-ResNet-V2 to solve the challenge of classifying rock structures by automatically identifying and categorizing visible patterns in the rock body. The findings demonstrate that, when comparing alternative approaches, the Inception-ResNet-V2 model performs best when it comes to classifying samples of varied rock body structures. Second, we provide an integrated machine learning approach based on multi-source heterogeneous data to forecast enclosing rock categorization for the problem of enclosing rock quality evaluation. An accurate evaluation of the surrounding rock quality is attained by using the gradient boosted regression tree (GBRT) model in conjunction with the Bayesian optimization approach to optimize the hyperparameters. Lastly, we used DeepLabV3+, a deep learning semantic segmentation technique, to solve the groundwater distribution analysis problem and quantitatively quantify the groundwater distribution in the tunnel working face. The DeepLabV3+ model has good accuracy and stability in classifying groundwater flow patterns, as demonstrated by the experimental findings.
Assessment of ICT tool usage in teaching Chemistry among secondary school teachers
Authors: Oyeniyi Nafisat Oyebola , Ahmed Tawa Abiola , Abdulkareem Habibat Bolanle 
Published: February 2025

The study explored the availability and utilization of ICT tools for chemistry teaching in Offa Local Government Area (LGA) of Kwara State. The study employed a descriptive survey research design. Purposive sampling was adopted to choose twenty-one chemistry teachers from sixteen public senior secondary schools and five private senior secondary schools in Offa LGA for the study. The tool employed to obtain the data was a questionnaire that the researcher designed. The instrument was face-validated by senior lecturers in scientific education and Pearson's Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMC). The study found that the minimal ICT resources available were only moderately used to teach chemistry and that public and private schools in Offa LGA, Kwara State, have some ICT resources. It was suggested that the government give sufficient ICT resources to public schools and that private school owners supply sufficient ICT resources to their schools. It was also suggested that chemistry teachers use ICT resources when instructing Chemistry. AbstrakPenelitian ini meneliti ketersediaan dan pemanfaatan perangkat TIK untuk pengajaran kimia di Offa Local Government Area (LGA) di Negara Bagian Kwara. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian survei deskriptif. Pengambilan sampel secara sengaja dilakukan untuk memilih dua puluh satu guru kimia dari enam belas sekolah menengah atas negeri dan lima sekolah menengah atas swasta di Offa LGA untuk penelitian ini. Perangkat yang digunakan untuk memperoleh data adalah kuesioner yang dirancang oleh peneliti. Instrumen tersebut divalidasi oleh dosen senior dalam pendidikan sains dan Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMC). Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa sumber daya TIK minimal yang tersedia hanya digunakan secara moderat untuk mengajar kimia dan bahwa sekolah negeri dan swasta di Offa LGA, Negara Bagian Kwara memiliki beberapa sumber daya TIK. Di antara hal-hal lain, disarankan agar pemerintah memberikan sumber daya TIK yang cukup untuk sekolah negeri dan agar pemilik sekolah swasta menyediakan sumber daya TIK yang cukup untuk sekolah mereka. Disarankan juga agar guru kimia memanfaatkan sumber daya TIK yang dapat diakses dengan baik saat mengajar Kimia.Kata Kunci: asesmen guru; guru kimia; pemanfaatan TIK; perangkat TIK
Implementation of the hidden curriculum in the formation of the religious character of students
Authors: Fitria Ulfa , Khalimah Nur 
Published: February 2025

The educational curriculum applied in Islamic boarding schools to educate students' character is limited to using a written curriculum system and a hidden curriculum applied in teaching activities at Islamic boarding schools. This study aims to explain the hidden curriculum policy (hidden curriculum in the Darussalam Blokagung Banyuwangi Islamic boarding school). This study uses a qualitative descriptive method, which emphasizes field observation. This method aims to obtain complete and in-depth information by collecting data through observations, interviews, and documentation. As a result of this study, the researcher found that the hidden curriculum applied at the Darussalam Blokagung Islamic boarding school has been implemented since the founders of the Islamic boarding school, namely KH. Mukhtar Syafa'at Abdul Ghofur. The hidden curriculum implemented includes congregational prayers, madrasah diniyah, istighosah, study sessions of the Ihya’ Ulumiddin book, Quran learning using the Yanbu’a method, monthly Ahad Legi gatherings, and weekly ro’an activities every Friday. This research contributes to uncovering the role of the hidden curriculum as an effective strategy for character development in Islamic boarding schools. It provides a reference for other educational institutions to integrate similar practices into their teaching systems. AbstrakKurikulum pendidikan yang diterapkan di pondok pesantren dalam mendidik karakter santri tidak hanya sebatas menggunakan sistem kurikulum yang tertulis saja, ada pula kurikulum tersembunyi yang diterapkan dalam proses kegiatan pengajaran di pondok pesantren. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan mengenai kebijakan hidden curriculum (kurikulum tersembunyi yang ada di Pondok Pesantren Darussalam Blokagung Banyuwangi). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif, yang menekankan observasi lapangan. Tujuan dari metode ini adalah untuk mendapatkan informasi yang lengkap dan mendalam dengan pengumpulan data berupa observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa hidden curriculum yang diterapkan di pondok Pesantren Darussalam Blokagung sudah dilaksanakan sejak zaman pendiri pondok pesantren sendiri, yaitu KH. Mukhtar Syafa’at Abdul Ghofur. Hidden curriculum yang diterapkan meliputi sholat berjamaah, madrasah diniyah, istighosah, pengajian kitab Ihya’ Ulumiddin, pembelajaran Al-Qur'an dengan metode Yanbu’a, pengajian rutin bulanan Ahad Legi, serta kegiatan ro’an santri setiap Jumat. Penelitian ini berkontribusi dalam mengungkap peran hidden curriculum sebagai strategi efektif dalam pembentukan karakter santri di pondok pesantren, serta memberikan referensi bagi institusi pendidikan lain untuk mengintegrasikan praktik serupa dalam sistem pengajarannya.Kata Kunci: hidden curriculum; karakter religius; santri
Duolingo in English education: Evidence-based perspectives on learning outcomes
Authors: Fitriani F. 
Published: February 2025

The proliferation of Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL) applications has reshaped the landscape of language education, with platforms like Duolingo making language learning more accessible, engaging, and flexible. This study systematically reviews 20 research articles to evaluate Duolingo’s effectiveness in fostering language proficiency, with a focus on vocabulary acquisition, reading comprehension, speaking, listening, and writing skills. The findings indicate that Duolingo is particularly effective at building foundational vocabulary and supporting beginner-level reading and listening comprehension through gamified and personalized learning features. Duolingo’s gamified elements enhance engagement and promote consistent practice, but the platform’s lack of interactive, real-time communication restricts its ability to develop higher-order language skills. This study underscores the complementary role of digital tools like Duolingo within language curricula, particularly in blended or hybrid learning models, where mobile learning can support vocabulary retention and independent study. Findings from this study contribute to the ongoing discourse on the role of MALL in language acquisition, offering practical insights for educators and policymakers considering digital integration in language programs. AbstrakProliferasi aplikasi pembelajaran bahasa berbasis perangkat seluler (Mobile-Assisted Language Learning/MALL) telah mengubah lanskap pendidikan bahasa, dengan platform seperti Duolingo yang membuat pembelajaran bahasa menjadi lebih mudah diakses, menarik, dan fleksibel. Studi ini secara sistematis mengulas 20 artikel penelitian untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas Duolingo dalam meningkatkan kemahiran bahasa, terutama pada aspek kosakata, membaca, berbicara, mendengarkan, dan menulis. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa Duolingo sangat efektif dalam membangun kosakata dasar dan mendukung pemahaman membaca dan mendengarkan pada tingkat pemula melalui fitur pembelajaran yang digamifikasi dan dipersonalisasi. Elemen gamifikasi di Duolingo meningkatkan keterlibatan dan mendorong praktik yang konsisten, kurangnya interaksi waktu nyata membatasi pengembangan keterampilan bahasa tingkat lanjut. Studi ini menekankan peran pelengkap alat digital seperti Duolingo dalam kurikulum bahasa, terutama dalam model pembelajaran campuran atau hybrid, di mana pembelajaran seluler dapat mendukung retensi kosakata dan pembelajaran mandiri. Temuan dari studi ini berkontribusi pada wacana berkelanjutan tentang peran MALL dalam perolehan bahasa, serta menawarkan wawasan praktis bagi pendidik dan pembuat kebijakan yang mempertimbangkan integrasi digital dalam program bahasa.Kata Kunci: Duolingo; keterampilan bahasa Inggris; pembelajaran bahasa dengan bantuan ponsel