bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histopathologic brain age estimation via multiple instance learning
Authors: Marx Gabriel A. , Kauffman Justin , McKenzie Andrew T. , Koenigsberg Daniel G. , McMillan Cory T. , Morgello Susan , Karlovich Esma , Insausti Ricardo , Richardson Timothy E. , Walker Jamie M. , White Charles L. , Babrowicz Bergan M. , Shen Li , McKee Ann C. , Stein Thor D. ,   The PART Working Group, Farrell Kurt , Crary John F. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUnderstanding age acceleration, the discordance between biological and chronological age, in the brain can reveal mechanistic insights into normal physiology as well as elucidate pathological determinants of age-related functional decline and identify early disease changes in the context of Alzheimer’s and other disorders. Histopathological whole slide images provide a wealth of pathologic data on the cellular level that can be leveraged to build deep learning models to assess age acceleration. Here, we used a collection of digitized human post-mortem hippocampal sections to develop a histological brain age estimation model. Our model predicted brain age within a mean absolute error of 5.45 ± 0.22 years, with attention weights corresponding to neuroanatomical regions vulnerable to age-related changes. We found that histopathologic brain age acceleration had significant associations with clinical and pathologic outcomes that were not found with epigenetic based measures. Our results indicate that histopathologic brain age is a powerful, independent metric for understanding factors that contribute to brain aging.
Marked differences in foraging area use and susceptibility to predation between two closely-related tropical seabirds
Authors: Fayet Annette L. , Sanchez Cheryl , Appoo Jennifer , Constance Jessica , Clucas Gemma , Turnbull Lindsay A. , Bunbury Nancy 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEcological theory predicts that closely-related species must occupy different niches to coexist. How marine top predators achieve this during breeding, when they often gather in large multi-species colonies and are constrained to central-place foraging, has been mostly studied in productive temperate and polar oceans with abundant resources, but less so in poorer, tropical waters. Here, we track the foraging movements of two closely-related sympatric seabirds—the white-tailed and red-tailed tropicbirds Phaethon lepturus and P. rubricauda—breeding on Aldabra Atoll, Seychelles, to investigate potential mechanisms of niche segregation and shed light on their contrasting population trends. Combining data from GPS, immersion, depth and accelerometry loggers, we show that the two species have similar behaviour at sea, but are completely segregated spatially, with red-tailed tropicbirds flying further to feed and using different feeding areas than white-tailed tropicbirds. Using nest-based camera traps, we show that low breeding success of both species—which likely drives observed population declines—is caused by high nest predation. However, the two species are targeted by different predators, with native avian predators mainly targeting red-tailed tropicbird nests, and invasive rats raiding white-tailed tropicbird nests when they leave their eggs unattended. Our findings provide new insight into the foraging ecology of tropicbirds and have important conservation implications. The extensive range and spatial segregation highlight the importance of considering large-scale protection of waters around tropical seabird colonies, while the high level of nest predation provides evidence in support of rat eradication and investigating potential nest protection from native avian predators.
Colour-specific diet specialization is associated with differences in owlet weight in a polymorphic owl: influence of the trophic quality variation
Authors: Avilés Jesús Miguel , Cruz-Miralles Ángel , Parejo Deseada 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe niche divergence hypothesis proposes that the evolution and maintenance of colour polymorphism is based on a mechanism of disruptive selection. In a trophic context, the hypothesis predicts that individuals differing in colour vary in their trophic niche, either because they differ in foraging efficiency or feed in different habitats. A major evolutionary conundrum is how these expectations are affected by variation in trophic quality. Using an owl species with colour plumage polymorphism, the Eurasian scops owl Otus scops, we examined diet and habitat segregation during reproduction in relation to plumage colouration and trophic quality. Intensive sampling revealed that trophic quality for scops owls (i.e. abundance of grasshoppers and locusts) varied more among territories than between years, but scops owls did not segregate among territories of different quality by their colouration. However, we found that sex, plumage colouration and territory differences in trophic quality explained differences in the degree of dietary specialization. Brownish males delivered a higher diversity of prey to the nest than greyish ones in high trophic quality territories. We also found that the more diverse the diet provided by males, the heavier the owlets at fledging. Our study provides evidence for a different sensitivity to trophic quality of the colour morphs with potential fitness consequences in scops owls. We highlight the importance of studying the mechanisms leading to the persistence of colour polymorphism in patchy environments, since segregation may pass otherwise unnoticed if only habitats or years with similar conditions are considered.
Detailed MRI evaluation of the spine: a 2-year follow-up study of young individuals reporting different training doses
Authors: Rosenqvist Louise , Hebelka Hanna , Baranto Adad , Brisby Helena , Lagerstrand Kerstin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objective
To characterize the discs and vertebrae in detail over time in a group of adolescent individuals with varying training doses using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Method
Thirty-five students were recruited from regular high schools (n=13) as well as schools with athlete competitive skiing programmes (n = 22). The thoraco-lumbar spine of all individuals was examined at baseline and at 2-year follow-up using the same 1.5T scanner and imaging protocol. The individuals were grouped based on their reported training dose: low-to-normal training dose (≤5 h/week, n = 11, mean age 16.5 ± 0.5 years) and high training dose (>5 h/week, n = 24, mean age 17.2 ± 0.6 years.)

Results
At baseline, the signal intensity in the discs and vertebrae were significantly lower in individuals reporting high compared to low-to-normal training dose. The vertebral signal changed significantly over the 2-year period in both groups. However, only individuals reporting low-to-normal training dose displayed an overall disc signal change. Interestingly, the regional analysis displayed at baseline high annular signals in the more training-active individuals followed by a reduction over the two-year period.

Conclusion
This study suggests that disc degeneration is manifested earlier in individuals reporting a higher training dose. Over a 2-year period, however, the degeneration process did not accelerate further. Also, a significant difference in the vertebral signal, at baseline and follow-up as well as over time, could be seen between groups of individuals reporting high versus low-to-normal training dose.
Cr(II) and Cr(III) NCN pincer complexes: synthesis, structure, and catalytic reactivity
Authors: Käfer Matthias G. , Eder Wolfgang , Pecak Jan , Stöger Berthold , Pignitter Marc , Veiros Luis F. , Kirchner Karl 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe synthesis, characterization, and reactivity of several new Cr(II) and Cr(III) complexes featuring an NCN pincer ligand with an arene backbone connected to amine donors NEt2 and NiPr2 via CH2-linkers is described. Reacting the in situ lithiated ligand precursor N(C–Br)NCH2-Et with [CrCl3(THF)3] resulted in the formation of the Cr(III) complex trans-[Cr(κ3NCN-NCNCH2-Et)(Cl)2(THF)]. Upon reaction of lithiated N(C–Br)NCH2-iPr with a suspension of anhydrous CrCl2, the Cr(II) complex [Cr(κ2NC-NCNCH2-iPr)2] is formed featuring two NCN ligands bound in κ2NC-fashion. In contrast, when lithiated N(C–Br)NCH2-iPr is reacted with a homogeneous solution of anhydrous CrX2 (X = Cl, Br), complexes [Cr(κ3NCN-NCNCH2-iPr)X] are obtained. Treatment of [Cr(κ3NCN-NCNCH2-iPr)Cl] with 1 equiv of PhCH2MgCl and LiCH2SiMe3 afforded the alkyl complexes [Cr(κ3NCN-NCNCH2-iPr)(CH2Ph)] and [Cr(κ3NCN-NCNCH2-iPr)(CH2SiMe3)]. All Cr(II) complexes exhibit effective magnetic moments in the range of 4.7–4.9 µB which is indicative for d4 high spin systems. If a solution of lithiated N(C–Br)NCH2-iPr is treated with CrCl2, followed by addition of an excess of Na[HB(Et)3], the dimeric complex [Cr(κ2NC-NCNCH2-iPr)(μ2-H)]2 is obtained bearing two bridging hydride ligands. [Cr(κ3NCN-NCNCH2-iPr)(CH2SiMe3)] turned out to be catalytically active for the hydrosilylation of ketones at room temperature with a catalyst loading of 1 mol%. X-ray structures of all complexes are presented.
Graphical abstract
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD in adolescents: rationale, potential, risks, and considerations
Authors: Kangaslampi Samuli , Zijlmans Josjan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract3,4-Methylenedioxymetamphetamine(MDMA)-assisted psychotherapy (MDMA-AP) is a proposed treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that may be approved for adults soon. PTSD is also common among trauma-exposed adolescents, and current treatments leave much room for improvement. We present a rationale for considering MDMA-AP for treating PTSD among adolescents. Evidence suggests that as an adjunct to therapy, MDMA may reduce avoidance and enable trauma processing, strengthen therapeutic alliance, enhance extinction learning and trauma-related reappraisal, and hold potential beyond PTSD symptoms. Drawing on existing trauma-focused treatments, we suggest possible adaptations to MDMA-AP for use with adolescents, focusing on (1) reinforcing motivation, (2) the development of a strong therapeutic alliance, (3) additional emotion and behavior management techniques, (4) more directive exposure-based methods during MDMA sessions, (5) more support for concomitant challenges and integrating treatment benefits, and (6) involving family in treatment. We then discuss potential risks particular to adolescents, including physical and psychological side effects, toxicity, misuse potential, and ethical issues. We argue that MDMA-AP holds potential for adolescents suffering from PTSD. Instead of off-label use or extrapolating from adult studies, clinical trials should be carried out to determine whether MDMA-AP is safe and effective for PTSD among adolescents.
Cumulative comorbidity between neurodevelopmental, internalising, and externalising disorders in childhood: a network approach
Authors: Watkeys Oliver J. , O’Hare Kirstie , Dean Kimberlie , Laurens Kristin R. , Harris Felicity , Carr Vaughan J. , Green Melissa J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCumulative comorbidity of mental disorders is common, but the extent and patterns of comorbid psychopathology in childhood are not well established. The current study aimed to elucidate the emergent patterns of cumulative mental disorder comorbidity in children using network analysis of diagnoses recorded between birth and age 12 years. Participants were 90,269 children (mean age 12.7 years; 51.8% male) within the New South Wales Child Development Study (NSW-CDS)—a longitudinal record-linkage cohort study of Australian children born in NSW between 2002 and 2005. Binary indicators for eight types of mental disorder were derived from administrative health records. Patterns of conditional association between mental disorders were assessed utilising network analysis. Of 90,269 children, 2268 (2.5%) had at least one mental disorder by age 12 years; of the 2268 children who had at least one mental disorder by age 12 years, 461 (20.3%) were diagnosed with two or more different disorders out of the eight disorder types included in analyses. All disorders were either directly or indirectly interconnected, with childhood affective and emotional disorders and developmental disorders being most central to the network overall. Mental disorder nodes aggregated weakly (modularity = 0.185) into two communities, representative of internalising and externalising disorders, and neurodevelopmental and sleep disorders. Considerable sex differences in the structure of the mental disorder comorbidity networks were also observed. Developmental and childhood affective and emotional disorders appear to be key to mental disorder comorbidity in childhood, potentially reflecting that these disorders share symptoms in common with many other disorders.
Effects of natural and synthetic immunostimulants on growth, feed utilization, immune status, and disease resistance against vibriosis in sea bream (Sparus aurata)
Authors: Aly Salah M. , ElBanna Noha I. , Elatta Mohamed A. , Hegazy Mai , Fathi Mohamed 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe objective of this study was to explore the effects of black seed (Nigella sativa) and AQUA-IMMUNOPROTECT® on growth, feed utilization, serum constituents, and disease resistance against vibriosis in gilthead sea bream juveniles. The research involved three groups: TC (control) received a basal diet, TSI (received a basal diet with 2% AQUA-IMMUNOPROTECT®), and TNS (received a basal diet with 2% N. sativa). The experiment period extended for 2 months. Results revealed a significant rise in erythrogram (RBCs, HB, and PCV %), leucogram (total differential leucocytic count), serum total protein, and globulin in gilthead sea bream treated with 2% Nigella sativa supplemented diets after an 8-week trial. No substantial variations were found in liver enzymes, urea, uric acid, and creatinine between the groups. Respiratory burst activity was notably greater in the N. sativa group after 2 months of feeding compared to the other groups. In the experimental challenge, the control group experienced higher mortality rates than the other groups following an IP injection of V. harveyi at a dose of 106 CFU per 0.5 ml/fish (106 fish/challenge). Overall, the findings of this research indicate that N. sativa can enhance non-specific immunity and minimize susceptibility and pathogenicity to V. harveyi in gilthead sea bream.
WebAVALIA: analysis of students’ opinions and experiences using an e-assessment tool in collaborative learning
Authors: Babo Rosalina , Fitas Ricardo , Suhonen Jarkko 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe students’ assessment regarding collaborative learning and workgroups is being reported as one of the main concerns in higher education. The increased technological evolution leads to adapting novel self and peer assessment methods to e-assessment. This paper reports the results of a study to evaluate students’ opinion about their experience with an e-assessment tool, WebAVALIA, and its assessment criteria. The results indicate that students (N = 359) consider the tool fair, and it increases the productivity regarding work development. Kruskal-Wallis tests show that the students recently considered WebAVALIA fairer and more straightforward. Quickness and anonymity are also identified as tool advantages.
Using Crocodylians for monitoring mercury in the tropics
Authors: Lemaire Jérémy 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMercury contamination is a widespread phenomenon that impacts ecosystems worldwide. Artisanal Small Scale Gold Mining (ASGM) activities are responsible for more than a third of atmospheric Hg emission. Due to Hg toxicity and its broad and elevated prevalence in the environment resulting from ASGM activities in the tropics, its biomonitoring is essential to better understand the availability of its methylmercury (MeHg) form in the environment. The Minamata Convention was ratified with the objective to “protect human health and the environment from anthropogenic emissions and releases of mercury compounds”. Biomagnification of MeHg occurs through the trophic food web, where it biomagnifies and bioaccumulates in top predators. To monitor environmental MeHg contamination, studies have evaluated the use of living organisms; however, reptiles are among the least documented vertebrates regarding MeHg exposure. In this review we evaluate the use of crocodylians for Hg biomonitoring in tropical ecosystems. We found that out of the 28 crocodiles species, only 10 have been evaluated regarding Hg contamination. The remaining challenges when using this taxon for Hg biomonitoring are inconsistencies in the applied methodology (e.g., wet versus dry weight, tissues used, quantification method). However, due to their life history traits, crocodylians are particularly relevant for monitoring MeHg contamination in regions where ASGM activities occur. In conclusion and given their ecological and socio-economic importance, crocodylians are at great risk of MeHg contamination and are excellent bioindicators for tropical ecosystems.
Approaches to increase the validity of gene family identification using manual homology search tools
Authors: Nestor Benjamin J. , Bayer Philipp E. , Fernandez Cassandria G. Tay , Edwards David , Finnegan Patrick M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIdentifying homologs is an important process in the analysis of genetic patterns underlying traits and evolutionary relationships among species. Analysis of gene families is often used to form and support hypotheses on genetic patterns such as gene presence, absence, or functional divergence which underlie traits examined in functional studies. These analyses often require precise identification of all members in a targeted gene family. Manual pipelines where homology search and orthology assignment tools are used separately are the most common approach for identifying small gene families where accurate identification of all members is important. The ability to curate sequences between steps in manual pipelines allows for simple and precise identification of all possible gene family members. However, the validity of such manual pipeline analyses is often decreased by inappropriate approaches to homology searches including too relaxed or stringent statistical thresholds, inappropriate query sequences, homology classification based on sequence similarity alone, and low-quality proteome or genome sequences. In this article, we propose several approaches to mitigate these issues and allow for precise identification of gene family members and support for hypotheses linking genetic patterns to functional traits.
Legal Tech, the Law Firm and the Imagination of the Right Legal Answer
Authors: Parsa Amin , Noll Gregor , Brännström Leila , Gunneflo Markus 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLegal tech is growing, and its growth provokes anxieties about the future of the legal profession as such. In this article, we examine the impact of legal tech on the central role of lawyers at law firms in crafting an imagined ‘right legal answer’ by drawing on Duncan Kennedy’s suggestion that a claim to the rightness of one’s legal propositions is a central characteristic of the legal profession. We first ask how changes in the organisation of legal services affect the ability of lawyers at law firms to produce that ‘right legal answer’. While legal tech only exacerbates already ongoing processes of eradication of routine tasks, we find that it continues to mask the role of ideology in arriving at a right legal answer under a new layer of technological projection. Second, we ask how lawyers’ ability to produce ‘the right legal answer’ is affected by, first, expert systems and, second, a legal tech application named Bryter, representing a no-code system. We find that expert systems do not permit to uphold the unity of the lawyer required for Kennedy’s model of the right legal answer, but that no-code systems as Bryter do so. No-code systems can be reduced to a slogan: Have the lawyer, but evict her ideological temptations more efficiently than before!
Do male and female authors employ different journal choice strategies?
Authors: Amirkhanyan Hayk , Krawczyk Michał , Wilamowski Maciej 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCompared to their male colleagues, female scientists are less likely to secure senior positions and more likely to drop out of academia. The mechanisms behind these patterns have been the subject of debate in recent years, entailing serious policy implications. In this project we investigate one such mechanism, namely the journal submission strategies of male and female authors. In view of the evidence pertaining to higher self-confidence and/or risk acceptance among males, it may be expected that males would generally tend to follow a more ambitious journal choice strategy. To verify this conjecture, we developed a novel method and looked to acquire a new dataset, surveying scholars in three relatively gender-balanced disciplines representing humanities (history), social sciences (economics), and natural sciences (environmental sciences). Focusing on their specific, recently published papers, we ask about the journals to which they had submitted these papers and the journals to which they could potentially look to engage with. In the 1111 complete responses we found evidence that males are not only more self-confident but also more forward-looking in their journal choice.
Quality of Life, Pedobarographic Parameters, and Foot Disorders in Patients with Extreme Obesity: Preliminary Results on Changes After Bariatric Surgery with Gastric Bypass
Authors: Pérez Pico Ana María , Gómez González María Ángeles , Alarcón González María Isabel , Villar Rodríguez Julia , Mayordomo Acevedo Raquel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Obesity is a growing health problem that affects a high percentage of the population. In podiatry context, few studies have addressed obesity because most pedobarographic systems are unable to bear the weight of patients with obesity, making it difficult to examine and manage these patients. The objective of this study was analyzed the sociodemographic characteristics, quality of life, foot disorders, and pedobarographic parameters of patients with extreme obesity who are candidates for bariatric surgery and determine the changes after weight loss post-surgery.

Materials and Methods
We conducted a foot examination, a pedobarographic study using a Podoprint® pressure platform, and a quality of life questionnaire (EQ-5D) on 23 patients with extreme obesity and analyzed the changes 12–18 months after surgery in 11 of them.

Results
We observed foot disorders, high plantar pressure, greater rearfoot contact, flat footprint, asymmetries, and alterations in toe contact. Almost 73.9% of participants said they had foot pain, 56.5% said they had impaired mobility, and more than 40% said they had limitations in carrying out daily activities and suffered from anxiety. After weight loss, we observed improved quality of life; more foot disorders; changes in total contact area, plantar pressures, barycenter, contact time, and footprint; decreased pain perception, walking problems and anxiety situations. Moreover, medication decreased, but they need to take more vitamins and calcium.

Conclusion
Weight loss improved the quality of life of the participating patients but altered their foot disorders. All parameters need regular reassessment to detect changes and modify initially prescribed treatments.

Graphical Abstract