bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative omics analysis for novel target discovery in plant pathogens: A case study for Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Luthfi Muhammad , Piapukiew Jittra , Pandey Ras B. , Sompornpisut Pornthep 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe central concern surrounding chemical pesticide application is its potential adverse effects on non‐target organisms. For fungal pathogens, the search for specific targets has been complicated by the similarities in pathways shared between these pathogens and humans. We present a comprehensive strategy, integrating comparative omics and bioinformatics, to pinpoint precise targets for fungicides effective against the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, responsible for rice blast disease. Our approach involves subtractive metabolic pathways, homology screening and target prioritization. Through subtractive metabolic analysis, we identified three unique M. oryzae pathways, distinct from human and rice. Nonredundant protein sequences were subsequently subjected to BLASTP screening against human and rice, as well as other databases from diverse organisms. Target subcellular localization was predicted using eight tools, including artificial intelligence and a deep‐learning method. A comprehensive examination of biological processes was conducted, including gene expression, protein–protein interactions, network enrichment, broad‐spectrum activity and physicochemical analysis. Glutamate 5‐kinase emerged as the prime candidate for targeted fungicide development, promising progress in precision‐oriented solutions.
Complexity for complexity—How advanced modeling may limit its applicability for decision‐makers
Authors: Ale Ben J. M. , Slater David H. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAs today's engineering systems have become increasingly sophisticated, assessing the efficacy of their safety‐critical systems has become much more challenging. The more classical methods of “failure” analysis by decomposition into components related by logic trees, such as fault and event trees, root cause analysis, and failure mode and effects analysis lead to models that do not necessarily behave like the real systems they are meant to represent. These models need to display similar emergent and unpredictable behaviors to sociotechnical systems in the real world. The question then arises as to whether a return to a simpler whole system model is necessary to understand better the behavior of real systems and to build confidence in the results. This question is more prescient when one considers that the causal chain in many serious accidents is not as deep‐rooted as is sometimes claimed. If these more obvious causes are not taken away, why would the more intricate scenarios that emanate from more sophisticated models be acted upon. The paper highlights the advantages of modeling and analyzing these “normal” deviations from ideality, so called weak signals, versus just system failures and near misses as well as catastrophes. In this paper we explore this question.
Putin’s Holy War of the Fatherland: Sacred Memory and the Russian Invasion of Ukraine
Authors: Griffin Sean 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn mid‐2020, Patriarch Kirill (Gundiaev) consecrated a new church known as the Main Cathedral of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The cathedral was dedicated to the Soviet Union’s “Great Victory” over Nazi Germany, and its interior was covered with grandiose mosaics depicting Soviet glory on the battlefields of World War II. In this version of the past, however, Soviet soldiers were shown to have supernatural help from Jesus Christ and the Virgin Mary. This merging of Orthodoxy and Communism shocked many observers, who viewed the two ideologies as bitter enemies, dating back the Russian Civil War. Yet on the walls of the new military shrine, the lions and the lambs had laid down together. Angels shielded Orthodox Whites and atheist Reds alike, and the Virgin gazed down on both tsars and commissars. Two implacable foes, on different sides of the greatest rupture in Russian history, had been sutured together into a single and uncontradictory version of the past. But where had this sacred synthesis come from? Who was responsible for the politics of memory preached on the walls of the Main Cathedral? And what role did these sacred memory politics later play in the Russian invasion of Ukraine?
What shapes tax morality in younger generations? A comparative analysis between Gen Y and Gen Z
Authors: Ciziceno Marco 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study examines tax morality in two youth cohorts, Gen Y and Gen Z, using World Values Survey data from 64 countries (7th wave 2017–2022). Despite numerous studies investigating ethical values around the world, the intricate dynamics shaping tax morality across younger generations remain less clear. Significant differences in factors influencing tax morality are observed between the two generations, including gender, educational level, and religiosity. Results also indicate that traditional forms of trust, such as that in public institutions, predict tax morality, but only in individuals belonging to Gen Y. The research adds further knowledge to existing studies on tax morality among individuals, focusing on a specific subgroup composed of contemporary youth. Policymakers can leverage these insights to promote ethical values among future generations of taxpayers.
CsPM5.2, a phosphate transporter protein‐like gene, promotes powdery mildew resistance in cucumber
Authors: Sun Jingxian , Nie Jingtao , Xiao Tingting , Guo Chunli , Lv Duo , Zhang Keyan , He Huan‐Le , Pan Junsong , Cai Run , Wang Gang 
Published: December 2023

SUMMARYPowdery mildew (PM) is one of the most serious fungal diseases affecting cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.). The mechanism of PM resistance in cucumber is intricate and remains fragmentary as it is controlled by several genes. In this study, we detected the major‐effect Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL), PM5.2, involved in PM resistance by QTL mapping. Through fine mapping, the dominant PM resistance gene, CsPM5.2, was cloned and its function was confirmed by transgenic complementation and natural variation identification. In cultivar 9930, a dysfunctional CsPM5.2 mutant resulted from a single nucleotide polymorphism in the coding region and endowed susceptibility to PM. CsPM5.2 encodes a phosphate transporter‐like protein PHO1; H3. The expression of CsPM5.2 is ubiquitous and induced by the PM pathogen. In cucumber, both CsPM5.2 and Cspm5.1 (Csmlo1) are required for PM resistance. Transcriptome analysis suggested that the salicylic acid (SA) pathway may play an important role in CsPM5.2‐mediated PM resistance. Our findings help parse the mechanisms of PM resistance and provide strategies for breeding PM‐resistant cucumber cultivars.
Support and services available to at-risk mothers and their children in maternity residences: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Edwards Rosann , Hamilton Catherine , Keeping Burke Lisa , Goudreau Alex 
Published: December 2023

Objective:
The objective of this scoping review is to identify, categorize, and map the types of support and services available to at-risk mothers and their children in maternity residences. A secondary objective is to identify and map the measures used to evaluate the efficacy of these types of support and services.

Introduction:
Pregnant and parenting women and their children experiencing complex challenges related to the social determinants of health, including unstable housing and poverty, are at high risk of long-term negative health and socioeconomic outcomes. Maternity residences may provide support and services that improve this population’s outcomes; however, there is little understanding of what services are offered and how efficacious they may be. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a comprehensive overview of support and services in maternity residences, and to identify the measures used to evaluate the efficacy of the support and services. This will provide the foundation to evaluate these services and outcomes and inform the development of future maternity residential programs.

Inclusion criteria:
Studies including pregnant and parenting women and gender-diverse individuals who are housed in, or accessing the services of, maternity residences in politically stable high-income countries due to challenges rooted in the social determinants of health will be considered for inclusion. We define maternity residences as any agency with a residential component offering support/services to this population

Methods:
This review will be conducted in accordance with JBI methodology for scoping reviews. The data will be analyzed using a quantitative descriptive analysis approach. The data analysis and discussion will be informed by the Social Determinants of Health, Reproductive Justice, Harm Reduction, and Health in All Policies frameworks.
High Temperature Oxidation of Additively and Traditionally Manufactured Inconel 718
Authors: Gazella Matthew R. , Polanka Marc D. , Kemnitz Ryan A. , Eckley Cayla C. , Sexton Brianna M. , Sebastian James R. , Hunt Reece C. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Additively manufactured nickel-based superalloys are now being considered as a replacement for traditionally manufactured components on commercial and military aircraft. While the potential of additive manufacturing for gas turbine engines is promising, the quality and performance of additive manufactured components still need extensive study. Coupon-sized test specimens comprised of as-printed additively and traditionally manufactured Inconel 718 with and without yttria-stabilized zirconia thermal barrier coating were tested under simulated isothermal and thermal cycling combustion conditions that were representative of gas turbine environments. Pre-test scanning electron microscopy indicated that traditionally manufactured coupons had a smooth surface finish with minor imperfections while additive manufactured coupons had a rough surface finish. Post-test scanning electron microscopy exhibited differences in oxide scale between the isothermal and thermal cycling conditions. The thermal cycling condition increased the amount of oxide scale for both additively manufactured and traditionally manufactured Inconel 718. The size of the oxide islands on traditionally manufactured coupons was significantly larger than the additively manufactured coupons. The results indicated that differences in surface roughness may affect the growth of the oxidation scale in a high-temperature combustion environment. The benefits of yttria-stabilized zirconia thermal barrier coating were characterized. The substrate of the coupons experienced little to no formation of oxide scales compared to the uncoated additive and traditionally manufactured coupons. The results further suggested that yttria-stabilized zirconia thermal barrier coating can be utilized to provide both insulation and oxidation protection when desired. Post-test energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry results corresponded well with known elemental compositions and oxidation mechanisms.
As Existing Cities Adapt to Climate Change, Can Dynamic Systems Analysis Be Useful in Building a Sustainable Future?
Authors: Ghosh Amit B. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The World Meteorological Organization estimates that Swiss glaciers lost 6% of their volume in 2022 (Niiler, 2023, “Europe’s Glaciers Melted at Record Rate,” Wall Street J). For summer tourism, this happens to be good news. This means a busier and longer season, more biking and hiking tours and more income for tour operators. However, there are steeper costs that come with such localized benefits of climate change; smaller glaciers also mean less water for drinking, less water for the crops, and less hydroelectricity for the population at-large. This paper outlines how cities and urban areas may moderate the effects of climate change, adapt coping strategies and assure a sustainable future for local populations and the region’s economy by analyzing the cross-correlation, magnitude, and time-dependence of the “causes” and the “effects.” After investigating other mathematical models addressing the effects of climate change (Fernandez et al., 2017, “A 3D Optimal Control Problem Related to the Urban Heat Islands,” J. Math. Anal. Appl., 446(2), pp. 1571–1605; Eikenberry and Gumel, 2018, “Mathematical Modeling of Climate Change and Malaria Transmission Dynamics: A Historical Review,” J. Math. Biol., 77(4), pp. 857–933; Mordecai et al., 2013, “Optimal Temperature for Malaria Transmission is Dramatically Lower Than Previously Predicted,” Ecol. Lett., 16(1), pp. 22–30), this paper proposes a dynamic systems and controls approach to urban development and planning. Climate-related risks such as a rise in temperature that diminishes the ability of typically low-skilled workers to work outside or coastal flooding that shrinks a city’s housing stock and pushes poorer populations to homelessness, crime, and drug abuse are interconnected as in a dynamic system that changes with time in scale and need to be analyzed accordingly (see Fig.1). The author also proposes creating “digital twins” of critical infrastructure, which can be done at comparatively lower cost, in order to analyze if the “inputs” including the remedial measures proposed, will yield the desired “outputs” and run iterations as needed until stable solutions are found.
A Probabilistic Approach to Turbine Uncertainty
Authors: Bhatnagar Lakshya , Paniagua Guillermo , Clemens Eugene , Bloxham Matthew 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Efficiency is an essential metric for assessing turbine performance. Modern turbines rely heavily on numerical computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools for design improvement. With more compact turbines leading to lower aspect ratio airfoils, the influence of secondary flows is significant on performance. Secondary flows and detached flows, in general, remain a challenge for commercial CFD solvers; hence, there is a need for high-fidelity experimental data to tune these solvers used by turbine designers. Efficiency measurements in engine-representative test rigs are challenging for multiple reasons; an inherent problem to any experiment is to remove the effects specific to the turbine rig. This problem is compounded by the narrow uncertainty band required to detect the incremental improvements achieved by turbine designers. Efficiency measurements carried out in engine-representative turbine rigs have traditionally relied upon assumptions such as constant gas properties and neglecting heat loss. This research presents an uncertainty framework that combines inputs from experiments and computational tools. This methodology allows quantifying uncertainty for high-fidelity efficiency data in engine-representative turbine facilities. This paper presents probabilistic sampling techniques to allow for uncertainty propagation. The effect of rig-specific effects, such as heat transfer and gas properties, on efficiency is demonstrated. Sources of uncertainty are identified, and a framework is presented which divides the sources into bias and stochastic. The framework allows the combination of experimental and numerical uncertainty. Gaussian regression models are developed to obtain speed-lines for the turbine map using the uncertainty of the measured efficiency.
Direct metagenomic and amplicon-based Nanopore sequencing of French human monkeypox from clinical specimen
Authors: Kwasiborski Aurelia , Hourdel Véronique , Balière Charlotte , Hoinard Damien , Grassin Quentin , Feher Maxence , De La Porte Des Vaux Clémentine , Cresta Mélanie , Vanhomwegen Jessica , Manuguerra Jean-Claude , Batéjat Christophe , Caro Valérie 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
We report the whole-genome sequence of monkeypox virus obtained using MinION technology (Oxford Nanopore Technologies) from a French clinical specimen during the 2022 epidemic. Amplicon-based sequencing and shotgun metagenomic approaches were directly applied to the sample.
Draft genome sequences of halotolerant
Halomonas
spp. SpR1 and SpR8, potential plant growth-promoting bacteria associated with
Salicornia
rhizosphere in a hydrothermal lagoon ecosystem of the Altiplano, Northern Chile
Authors: Álvarez-Hubert Inaudis , Durán Roberto E. , Vega-Celedón Paulina , Vásconez Ingrid-Nicole , Macaya Constanza C. , Seeger Michael 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Halotolerant
Halomonas
spp. SpR1 and SpR8 are potential plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) isolated from
Salicornia
rhizosphere in a Chilean Altiplano hydrothermal lagoon. We report draft genomes of
Halomonas
sp. SpR1 (5.17Mb) and
Halomonas
sp. SpR8 (4.47 Mb). Both represent potentially novel independent species closely related to
Halomonas boliviensis
DSM 15516
T
.
Repurposing of the antimalarial agent tafenoquine to combat MRSA
Authors: She Pengfei , Yang Yifan , Li Linhui , Li Yimin , Liu Shasha , Li Zehao , Zhou Linying , Wu Yong 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Staphylococcus aureus
is an important human pathogen that often leads to hospital-acquired and community-acquired infections. The appearance of methicillin-resistant
S. aureus
(MRSA) has made the treatment extremely challenging. There is an urgent need to develop new antimicrobial agents to combat MRSA infections. In this study, through high-throughput screening, we found that tafenoquine (TAF), an antimalarial agent, exhibited antimicrobial efficacy against MRSA and its highly resistant phenotypes of biofilm and persister cells. No resistant mutation emerged by consecutive sub-minimal inhibitory concentration of TAF induction. Mechanistic studies by fluorescent probes of SYTOX Green/DiSC3(5), molecular dynamic simulations, electron microscopy, and proteomic analysis revealed that TAF exerts antimicrobial activity mainly through selective bacterial cell membrane disruption. In addition, TAF exhibited an effective antimicrobial effect in a subcutaneous abscess model
in vivo
with a good toxicity profile. In conclusion, TAF may have the potential to be developed as a new antimicrobial agent to treat refractory MRSA infections.

IMPORTANCE

This study represents the first investigation into the antimicrobial effect of TAF against
S. aureus
and its potential mechanisms. Our data highlighted the effects of TAF against MRSA planktonic cells, biofilms, and persister cells, which is conducive to broadening the application of TAF. Through mechanistic studies, we revealed that TAF targets bacterial cell membranes. In addition, the
in vivo
experiments in mice demonstrated the safety and antimicrobial efficacy of TAF, suggesting that TAF could be a potential antibacterial drug candidate for the treatment of infections caused by multiple drug-resistant
S. aureus
.
Virome of Australia’s most endangered parrot in captivity evidenced of harboring hitherto unknown viruses
Authors: Klukowski Natalie , Eden Paul , Uddin Muhammad Jasim , Sarker Subir 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

The detection of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) within endangered animal populations is increasing rapidly because of many factors, such as anthropogenic influences and climate change. Their impacts can be extensive and may further contribute to the processes risking the threat of extinction of these species. EIDs may be caused by a range of pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi. However, detection and diagnosis can be challenging with limited knowledge of existing pathogens in endangered wildlife. The critically endangered orange-bellied parrot (OBP,
Neophema chrysogaster
), with as few as 70 wild individuals, is a species at risk of extinctions, yet little research has been conducted into their existing viral diversity (virome). To determine the virome in a subset of the captive OBP population, this study characterized the fecal virome using a viral metagenomic approach. Analysis of the generated sequence data sets identified 11 viruses belonging to the families
Adenoviridae
,
Circoviridae
,
Parvoviridae
, and
Picornaviridae
. Strikingly, eight viruses were detected in the OBPs housed in Aviary 1 compared to only three viruses in OBPs housed at Aviary 2. In addition to detecting six novel viruses, this study also demonstrated ongoing infection with psittacine siadenovirus F. This study highlights the need to broaden this research to other populations of this species. Further virome characterization of co-habiting birds could also identify potential novel viruses and provide insight into their evolutionary relationship. These findings may contribute to strategic management and biosecurity plans for the conservation of endangered parrots.

IMPORTANCE
The impact of circulating viruses on the critically endangered, orange-bellied parrot (OBP) population can be devastating. The OBP already faces numerous threats to its survival in the wild, including habitat loss, predation, and small population impacts. Conservation of the wild OBP population is heavily reliant on supplementation using OBPs from a managed captive breeding program. These birds may act as a source for introduction of a novel disease agent to the wild population that may affect survival and reproduction. It is, therefore, essential to monitor and assess the health of OBPs and take appropriate measures to prevent and control the spread of viral infections. This requires knowledge of the existing virome to identify novel and emerging viruses and support development of appropriate measures to manage associated risk. By monitoring and protecting these animals from emerging viral diseases, we can help ensure their ongoing survival and preserve the biodiversity of our planet.
A Method for Determining the Density and Velocity of Pulse Gas Flows of Millisecond Duration
Authors: Kosarev A. V. , Podkovyrov V. L. , Yaroshevskaya A. D. , Meleshko A. V. , Gutorov K. M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
An experimental setup for studying pulse gas flows within short periods (up to 1 ms) was developed and an experimental data processing method is presented. Based on high-speed frame interferometry data and the results of dynamic pressure measurements, the spatial and temporal distributions of the helium flow density and velocity are determined. The optimal method for reconstructing the spatial density distributions with consideration for the experimental errors is described. The presented method allows characterization of the gas flows with a density of more than 0.0001 kg/m3 and a velocity of more than 400 m/s.