bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fostering Innovation by Utilising Big Data: The Data Act and the Risk of Quasi-Exclusivity Reinforcing Data Lockups
Authors: Stuhldreier Marc A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn the digital economy, data has become a valuable asset and a crucial resource for driving innovation and progress. While large amounts of data are collected on a daily basis, only a small amount of this data is actually processed and utilised. As the data may still be of considerable worth in the future, it is guarded and oftentimes “locked away” by those who collect it. This is particularly regrettable considering the importance of data accessibility for innovative research activities. The unlocking of unused data has thus become a key concern for technological development in crucial areas including, but not limited to sustainable agriculture and medical technology. This Chapter addresses the European Data strategy and particularly the EU Data Act as adopted by the Council on 15 November 2023. One of the key objectives of the Data Act is to facilitate data access and improve the re-utilisation of available user-generated data. However, initial research raised concerns about the efficacy of the Data Act in this regard. While there exists no general ownership right to data, the Data Act may legally strengthen the de-facto control of data collectors, thereby establishing a quasi-exclusive right to this data. If not appropriately balanced, exclusive rights, however, limit access and tend to create obstacles for innovative endeavours. In this respect, the Chapter considers whether the Data Act is successful in striking an adequate balance between the rights and obligations of the various stakeholders in user-generated data. The Chapter highlights shortcomings of the European Data Strategy and addresses whether the Data Act provides for sufficient accessibility to facilitate that data can be re-used for innovation activity toward societal objectives.
Mittlerer Meeresspiegelanstieg und Sturmfluten
Authors: Weisse Ralf , Meinke Insa 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungIn Norddeutschland ist der Anstieg des mittleren Meeresspiegels eine der deutlichsten bereits messbaren Folgen des Klimawandels. An allen untersuchten Pegeln der deutschen Nord- und Ostseeküste lässt sich dieser Anstieg nachvollziehen. So zeigen die Auswertungen der Wasserstandsdaten, dass der mittlere Meeresspiegel an unseren Küsten in den letzten einhundert Jahren (1921–2020) etwa ein bis zwei Millimeter pro Jahr angestiegen ist. Dies entspricht in etwa dem globalen mittleren Meeresspiegelanstieg im selben Zeitraum. Für die letzten Jahrzehnte dokumentiert der Weltklimarat IPCC eine Beschleunigung des globalen mittleren Meeresspiegelanstiegs. An den Pegeln der deutschen Küsten lässt sich bisher keine systematische Beschleunigung nachweisen. Zwar steigt der mittlere Meeresspiegel an einigen Pegeln derzeit schneller als im langjährigen Durchschnitt, jedoch liegen die derzeitigen Anstiegsraten noch im normalen Bereich und sind oft vergleichbar mit vergangenen Zeiträumen, in denen der mittlere Meeresspiegel zum Teil sogar noch schneller stieg. Klimaszenarien deuten darauf hin, dass der globale mittlere Meeresspiegel künftig immer schneller steigen kann, insbesondere bei anhaltend hohem Treibhausgasausstoß. Verschiedene Studien weisen darauf hin, dass der künftige Meeresspiegelanstieg an unseren Küsten sich nur unwesentlich vom globalen Mittel unterscheiden wird und dass je nach zugrundeliegendem Szenario mit Anstiegen im Bereich von 30 bis 110 cm zum Ende des Jahrhunderts zu rechnen ist.
On the moduli space curvature at infinity
Authors: Marchesano Fernando , Melotti Luca , Paoloni Lorenzo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We analyse the scalar curvature of the vector multiplet moduli space $$ {\mathcal{M}}_X^{\textrm{VM}} $$

M
X
VM

of type IIA string theory compactified on a Calabi-Yau manifold X. While the volume of $$ {\mathcal{M}}_X^{\textrm{VM}} $$

M
X
VM

is known to be finite, cases have been found where the scalar curvature diverges positively along trajectories of infinite distance. We classify the asymptotic behaviour of the scalar curvature for all large volume limits within $$ {\mathcal{M}}_X^{\textrm{VM}} $$

M
X
VM

, for any choice of X, and provide the source of the divergence both in geometric and physical terms. Geometrically, there are effective divisors whose volumes do not vary along the limit. Physically, the EFT subsector associated to such divisors is decoupled from gravity along the limit, and defines a rigid $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 field theory with a non-vanishing moduli space curvature Rrigid. We propose that the relation between scalar curvature divergences and field theories decoupled from gravity is a common trait of moduli spaces compatible with quantum gravity.
Black hole thermodynamics in natural variables: quadrophenia
Authors: Hristov Kiril 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
It was recently observed in [1] for thermal Kerr-Newman black holes in 4d flat space that one can rewrite the conventional thermodynamics on the inner and outer horizons in terms of left- and right-moving variables with a remarkable simplification of the corresponding expressions. With the goal of illustrating the wide applicability of these newly proposed natural variables, we extend the original observation in four independent directions that can be further superimposed on each other. These four generalizations can be thought of as different deformations of the original 4d Einstein-Maxwell theory, all within the framework of supergravity: higher derivative (HD) corrections in minimal 4d supergravity; additional scalar and vector couplings in matter-coupled 4d supergravity; higher dimensions, in particular 5d minimal supergravity; and a cosmological constant in 4d minimal gauged supergravity with Anti-de Sitter (AdS) vacuum. Each of these generalizations offers a different lesson about the novel thermodynamics, and we pay special attention to the respective BPS limits that can be understood from fixed point formulae, demonstrating the power of the natural variables to capture the full phase space.
Cosmological phase transitions and the swampland
Authors: Venken Gerben 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
I consider the Festina Lente Swampland bound and argue taking thermal effects, as for instance occur during reheating, into account significantly strengthens the implications of this bound. I argue that the confinement scale should be higher than a scale proportional to the vacuum energy, while Festina Lente without thermal effects only bounds the confinement scale to be above the Hubble scale. For Higgsing of nonabelian gauge fields, I find that the magnitude of the Higgs mass should be heavier than a bound proportional to the Electroweak scale (or generally the scale set by the Higgs VEV). The measured values of the Higgs in the SM satisfy the bound. A way to avoid the bound being violated during inflation is to have a large number of species becoming light. If one wants the inflationary scale to lie below the species scale in this case, this bounds the inflationary scale to be ≪ 105 GeV. These bounds have phenomenological implications for BSM physics such as GUTs, suggesting for example a weak or absent gravitational wave signature from the GUT Higgsing phase transition.
Higher derivative corrections to string inflation
Authors: Cicoli Michele , Licheri Matteo , Piantadosi Pellegrino , Quevedo Fernando , Shukla Pramod 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We quantitatively estimate the leading higher derivative corrections to $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 supergravity derived from IIB string compactifications and study how they may affect moduli stabilisation and LVS inflation models. Using the Kreuzer-Skarke database of 4D reflexive polytopes and their triangulated Calabi-Yau database, we present scanning results for a set of divisor topologies corresponding to threefolds with 1 ≤ h1,1 ≤ 5. In particular, we find several geometries suitable to realise blow-up inflation, fibre inflation and poly-instantons inflation, together with a classification of the divisors topologies for which the leading higher derivative corrections to the inflationary potential vanish. In all other cases, we instead estimate numerically how these corrections modify the inflationary dynamics, finding that they do not destroy the predictions for the main cosmological observables.
Antimicrobial residues in meat from chickens in Northeast Vietnam: analytical validation and pilot study for sampling optimisation
Authors: Hedges Sophie , Pelligand Ludovic , Chen Liwei , Seow Kelyn , Hoang Thuy Thi , Luu Huong Quynh , Dang Son Thi Thanh , Pham Ngoc Thi , Pham Hoa Thi Thanh , Cheah Yeong Cheng , Wang Yulan , Hurtaud-Pessel Dominique , Conan Anne , Fournié Guillaume , Blake Damer , Tomley Fiona , Conway Patricia L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAntimicrobials used in chicken farming for therapeutic and/or prophylactic purposes may result in unacceptable levels of edible residues, if withdrawal periods are not respected. To evaluate the risk in Vietnam, we validated an analytical method to detect antimicrobial residues from chicken meat samples and carried out a pilot cross-sectional study to identify optimal sampling strategies. A total of 45 raw meat samples were collected from 4 markets, 1 slaughterhouse and 4 farms (5 per site) in Northern Vietnam, between March and April 2021. Farmers were asked about antimicrobials used during sampled production cycles (5 chickens sampled per batch). Samples were analysed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the presence of 68 antimicrobials at a pre-defined validation concentration. 7 compounds were identified from 4 classes (tetracyclines, sulphonamides, macrolides, and fluoroquinolones). In markets, where the source of sampled chickens was unknown, a diverse pool of residual antimicrobials was detected in 20% (4/20) of the meat samples. No residues were detected in samples from the slaughterhouse. No residues were detected in chickens from the one farm that reported using antimicrobials, whereas sulfadimethoxine, doxycycline and tilmicosin residues were identified from the other 3 farms reporting no antimicrobial use. The probability of detecting antimicrobial residues present in a flock based on sampling a single chicken was estimated at 0.93 (highest density interval 0.735–0.997). The preliminary results suggest a disparity between farmers’ reports on antimicrobial drug use and actual usage, and that the analysis of a single sample per farm has a high probability of detecting antimicrobial residues, if present.
The insulin resistant brain: impact on whole-body metabolism and body fat distribution
Authors: Heni Martin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractInsulin exerts its actions not only on peripheral organs but is also transported into the brain where it performs distinct functions in various brain regions. This review highlights recent advancements in our understanding of insulin’s actions within the brain, with a specific emphasis on investigations in humans. It summarises current knowledge on the transport of insulin into the brain. Subsequently, it showcases robust evidence demonstrating the existence and physiological consequences of brain insulin action, while also introducing the presence of brain insulin resistance in humans. This pathophysiological condition goes along with an impaired acute modulation of peripheral metabolism in response to brain insulin action, particularly in the postprandial state. Furthermore, brain insulin resistance has been associated with long-term adiposity and an unfavourable adipose tissue distribution, thus implicating it in the pathogenesis of subgroups of obesity and (pre)diabetes that are characterised by distinct patterns of body fat distribution. Encouragingly, emerging evidence suggests that brain insulin resistance could represent a treatable entity, thereby opening up novel therapeutic avenues to improve systemic metabolism and enhance brain functions, including cognition. The review closes with an outlook towards prospective research directions aimed at further elucidating the clinical implications of brain insulin resistance. It emphasises the critical need to establish feasible diagnostic measures and effective therapeutic interventions.
Graphical Abstract
Polyphenol exposure of mothers and infants assessed by LC–MS/MS based biomonitoring in breast milk
Authors: Berger Sabrina , Oesterle Ian , Ayeni Kolawole I. , Ezekiel Chibundu N. , Rompel Annette , Warth Benedikt 
Published: February 2024

AbstractExposure to polyphenols is relevant throughout critical windows of infant development, including the breastfeeding phase. However, the quantitative assessment of polyphenols in human breast milk has received limited attention so far, though polyphenols may positively influence infant health. Therefore, a targeted LC–MS/MS assay was developed to investigate 86 analytes representing different polyphenol classes in human breast milk. The sample preparation consisted of liquid extraction, salting out, freeze-out, and a dilution step. Overall, nearly 70% of the chemically diverse polyphenols fulfilled all strict validation criteria for full quantitative assessment. The remaining analytes did not fulfill all criteria at every concentration level, but can still provide useful semi-quantitative insights into nutritional and biomedical research questions. The limits of detection for all analyzed polyphenols were in the range of 0.0041–87 ng*mL−1, with a median of 0.17 ng*mL−1. Moreover, the mean recovery was determined to be 82% and the mean signal suppression and enhancement effect was 117%. The developed assay was applied in a proof-of-principle study to investigate polyphenols in breast milk samples provided by twelve Nigerian mothers at three distinct time points post-delivery. In total, 50 polyphenol analytes were detected with almost half being phenolic acids. Phase II metabolites, including genistein-7-β-D-glucuronide, genistein-7-sulfate, and daidzein-7-β-D-glucuronide, were also detected in several samples. In conclusion, the developed method was demonstrated to be fit-for-purpose to simultaneously (semi-) quantify a wide variety of polyphenols in breast milk. It also demonstrated that various polyphenols including their biotransformation products were present in breast milk and therefore likely transferred to infants where they might impact microbiome development and infant health.
Graphical abstract
Feasible CT features to distinguish incidental rib enhancement from sclerotic metastasis in patients with malignancies
Authors: Yang Qiuxia , Xu Jiahui , Zhou Jianyao , Liu Qiulin , Mai Zhijun , Xie Hui , Ban Xiaohua , Liu Lizhi , Zhang Rong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objective
To investigate the CT features of incidental rib enhancement (RE) and to summarize the CT characteristics for distinguishing the RE from sclerotic metastasis (SM) in patients with malignancies.

Material and methods
This retrospective observational study enrolled 79 patients with RE (involved 133 ribs) during October 2014 and December 2021. Another 53 patients with SM (160 SM) in the same period were selected randomly for comparison. The location, enhancement patterns of RE were reviewed. The CT values of RE regions and SM were measured and statistically analyzed.

Results
Most REs (70 patients, 88.6%) were in the 1st to 6th ribs. 50 patients had solitary RE and 29 with multiple REs in a regional distribution. All the REs were closely connected to the intercostal venous plexus (ICVP) ipsilateral to the injection site. No visible abnormalities on unenhanced scans were detected in all REs. One hundred and twenty REs (90.2%) had nodular/patchy enhancement. The CT value of RE regions in the venous phase was lower than that in the arterial phase (589.8 ± 344.2 HU versus 1188.5 ± 325.3 HU, p < 0.001). During the venous phase, most REs (125, 94.0%) shrank or disappeared. SM appeared similar on both contrast-enhanced and unenhanced scans in terms of shape and CT values.

Conclusion
The RE demonstrated characteristic CT features. The manifestations of nodular/patchy enhancement in the arterial phase, decreased density and shrinkage or disappearance during the venous phase, and no abnormality on unenhanced scans, as well as a close connection with the ICVP, may help differentiate RE from SM.
Thermodynamic analysis of production parameters and microstructural evolution in shape memory Ni(50-x)Ti(50)Fe(x) (x = 5, 10) alloy synthesized by combustion synthesis
Authors: Keskin Berk , Derin Bora 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study represents an initial effort to produce NiTiFe shape memory alloys via the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) process. The synthesis successfully yielded Ni45Ti50Fe5 and Ni40Ti50Fe10 alloys from elemental Ni, Ti, and Fe powders at three distinct preheating temperatures (240, 330, 420 °C). To support empirical findings, thermodynamic analysis using Factsage Thermodynamic Software was employed to correlate reaction propagation behavior with chemical composition. The calculation showed that the addition of 5 at.% Fe to the B2 phase did not hinder reaction self-propagation. This conclusion was supported with the ∆Hf/Cp ratio and transient liquid ratio, computed using the sub-lattice model, which closely resembled that of NiTi. Whereas 10 at.% Fe that synthesized at preheating temperature of 240 °C exhibits struggle, thus an increase in triggering time causes an effect on crystallite size and a decrease in porosity. Empirical results confirmed these findings, albeit influenced by ignition times. An increase in the liquid ratio due to the adiabatic temperature rise can also result in a reduction of NiTi content when the Fe ratio is increased, consequently diminishing the driving force for the reaction. In the sample containing  – 5% Fe, the main phase is B2, and the R martensitic phase is also present. Ms is determined to be  – 38.7 °C. SEM analyses revealed the presence of Ti2Ni and Ti2Ni3 phases in the upper and lower regions, while the distribution in the middle section is more homogeneous. No martensitic transformation was observed in 10% Fe. Additionally, nanocrystalline regions were detected within the samples by transmission electron microscopy, contributing to a nuanced understanding of their structural properties.
Graphic abstract
Sex differences in laterality of motor unit firing behavior of the first dorsal interosseous muscle in strength-matched healthy young males and females
Authors: Nishikawa Yuichi , Watanabe Kohei , Holobar Aleš , Kitamura Ryoka , Maeda Noriaki , Hyngstrom Allison S. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to compare laterality in motor unit firing behavior between females and males.

Methods
Twenty-seven subjects (14 females) were recruited for this study. The participants performed ramp up and hold isometric index finger abduction at 10, 30, and 60% of their maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). High-density surface electromyography (HD-sEMG) signals were recorded in the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle and decomposed into individual motor unit (MU) firing behavior using a convolution blind source separation method.

Results
In total, 769 MUs were detected (females, n = 318 and males, n = 451). Females had a significantly higher discharge rate than males at each relative torque level (10%: male dominant hand, 13.4 ± 2.7 pps vs. female dominant hand, 16.3 ± 3.4 pps; 30%: male dominant hand, 16.1 ± 3.9 pps vs. female dominant hand, 20.0 ± 5.0 pps; and 60%: male dominant hand, 19.3 ± 3.8 vs. female dominant hand, 25.3 ± 4.8 pps; p < 0.0001). The recruitment threshold was also significantly higher in females than in males at 30 and 60% MVC. Furthermore, males exhibited asymmetrical discharge rates at 30 and 60% MVC and recruitment thresholds at 30 and 60% MVC, whereas no asymmetry was observed in females.

Conclusion
In the FDI muscle, compared to males, females exhibited different neuromuscular strategies with higher discharge rates and recruitment thresholds and no asymmetrical MU firing behavior. Notably, the findings that sex differences in neuromuscular activity also occur in healthy individuals provide important information for understanding the pathogenesis of various diseases.
Autofluorescence imaging of exuviae as a tool for studying slide preparations of micro-arthropods, exemplified by a museum collection of the enigmatic crustacean “y-larvae” (Pancrustacea: Facetotecta)
Authors: Olesen Jørgen , Grygier Mark J. , Herranz Maria 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn recent years, fluorescence microscopy has revitalized the study of invertebrate comparative morphology. Here we explore the usefulness of combining confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and cuticular autofluorescence to examine the taxonomically challenging marine planktonic “y-larvae” (Pancrustacea: Facetotecta). To gauge the effectiveness of CLSM with autofluorescence in producing taxonomically useful images, we applied it to seven distinct y-naupliar species or morphospecies that had previously undergone scrutiny by other techniques. The specimens were part of a museum collection of glycerin-jelly slides of exuviae of last-stage y-nauplii, a key instar for studying the taxonomy of y-larvae. For Hansenocaris demodex, the level of detail obtained from a single specimen was comparable to that previously obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For Hansenocaris aquila, revisiting the original holotype specimen resulted in a dramatic increase in our understanding of the species’ morphology, including taxonomically pivotal information about its spinose labrum and a digitally rotated lateral view. CLSM analyses of the other five specimens, which represented a broad spectrum of y-naupliar morphology, efficiently generated more such information. Novel observations were made concerning putative external rudiments of both the first and second maxillae in late nauplii as well as the extreme dorso-ventral flattening of some naupliar types. CLSM observation of museum slides of naupliar exuviae using cuticular autofluorescence thus shows great promise of becoming an excellent tool for studying the morphology and taxonomy of y-larvae, and we suggest that this technique might also profitably be applied to other forms of larval exuviae.
A numerical model for chemo-thermo-mechanical coupling at large strains with an application to thermoresponsive hydrogels
Authors: Brunner Florian , Seidlhofer Tristan , Ulz Manfred H. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe aim of this work is the derivation and examination of a material model, accounting for large elastic deformations, coupled with species diffusion and thermal effects. This chemo-thermo-mechanical material model shows three key aspects regarding its numerical formulation. Firstly, a multiplicative split of the deformation gradient into a mechanical, a swelling and a thermal part. Secondly, temperature-scaled gradients for a numerical design comprising symmetric tangents and, thirdly, dissipation potentials for the modelling of dissipative effects. Additionally, the derived general material model is specialised to thermoresponsive hydrogels to study its predictive capabilities for a relevant example material class. An appropriate finite element formulation is established and its implementation discussed. Numerical examples are investigated, including phase transition and stability phenomena, to verify the ability of the derived chemo-thermo-mechanical material model to predict relevant physical effects properly. We compare our results to established models in the literature and discuss emerging deviations.