bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nivolumab and ipilimumab population pharmacokinetics in support of pediatric dose recommendations—Going beyond the body‐size effect
Authors: Hu Zheyi , Liu Sihang , Zhao Yue , Du Shengnan , Hamuro Lora , Shen Jun , Roy Amit , Zhu Li 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBody size has historically been considered the primary source of difference in the pharmacokinetics (PKs) of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) between children aged greater than or equal to 2 years and adults. The contribution of age‐associated differences (e.g., ontogeny) beyond body‐size differences in the pediatric PKs of mAbs has not been comprehensively evaluated. In this study, the population PK of two mAbs (nivolumab and ipilimumab) in pediatric oncology patients were characterized. The effects of age‐related covariates on nivolumab or ipilimumab PKs were assessed using data from 13 and 10 clinical studies, respectively, across multiple tumor types, including melanoma, lymphoma, central nervous system tumors (CNSTs), and other solid tumors. Clearance was lower in pediatric patients (aged 1–17 years) with solid tumors or CNST than in adults after adjusting for other covariates, including the effect of body size. In contrast, clearance was similar in pediatric patients with lymphoma to that in adults with lymphoma. The pediatric effects characterized have increased the accuracy of the predictions of the model, facilitating its use in subsequent exposure comparisons between pediatric and adult patients, as well as for exposure–response analyses to inform pediatric dosing. This study approach may be applicable to the optimization of pediatric dosing of other mAbs and possibly other biologics.
Trauma‐informed health coaching: A practical guide for COVID‐19 and other disease intervention interviews
Authors: Mejía Patricia , Faustino Leona Smith Di , DiGiammarino Alicia , Sigerman Thea , Sanchez Sabrina , Dunn Caitlin , Tougas Jen , Kryger Valerie , Maher Andrew , Willard‐Grace Rachel 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFor people who have experienced psychological trauma, distressing experiences like being notified of exposure to an infectious disease, may trigger a trauma response, a natural, often unconscious, emotional reaction. Disease investigation specialists (DIS), including contact tracers and case investigators, may encounter clients who exhibit trauma responses during outreach calls. In this paper, we describe a novel approach to these calls that combines two evidence‐based approaches: trauma‐informed care and health coaching. These two approaches are put into practice using the HEAR technique, which uses the four steps of Hear, Express Gratitude, Ask, and Respond, to engage with emotionally triggered clients. We provide a series of case vignettes and practical examples of how disease investigation specialists can use the HEAR technique to support clients who may be experiencing trauma. Equipped with this approach, DIS can better engage with the public around existing and emerging infectious diseases, thereby improving both individual health outcomes and public health more broadly.
Synergistically Enhanced Electrochemical Sensing of Bisphenol A in Real Water Samples at Carbon Nanotubes/β‐Cyclodextrin/Gold Nanoparticles Composite
Authors: Atta Nada F. , Abdelkader Mohamed G. , Hamed Maher M. , Galal Ahmed 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMonitoring of bisphenol A (BPHA) is required as its release with byproducts into the aquatic environment every year, causes pollution and toxicity which affects the human health. An efficient electrochemical sensor is therefore needed to determine BPHA in water from natural resources. To construct the sensor, a thin layer of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is applied to the surface of glassy carbon (GC) then β‐CD and Aunano are sequentially electrodeposited. The performance of the sensor is optimized and shows excellent catalytic effect in wide concentration range 7 nM to 700 μM with low detection limit of 5.02 nM compared to other cited modified electrodes. Each of the sensor constituents share in the enhancement of its performance; Aunano has intrinsic surface electroactivity, β‐CD “host” allows for BPHA “guest” surface accumulation, and CNTs with large conductive surface area realize homogeneous distribution of the other two components. The advantages of the BPHA electrochemical sensor are simple to prepare, timesaving, and shows good sensitivity, stability, selectivity in presence of interfering ions and compounds, it is suitable for use with portable simple equipment for in situ measurements. Furthermore, the application of the sensor in wastewater samples shows good recovery of BPHA.
A rare case of Cysticercus tenuicollis infection in a neonate lamb: Evidence of prenatal transmission
Authors: Dehghan Rahimabadi Peyman , Abbasi Javad , Shaghayegh Alireza , Taefi Nasrabadi Nadia , Golchin Diba , Kavakebi Asar Yasaman , Ashrafi Tamai Iradj , Anoushepour Amin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCysticercosis develops in lambs following a Cysticercus tenuicollis infestation, which is the larval stage of Taenia hydatigena. A 7‐day‐old lamb was examined for depression, anorexia, fever (40.5°C), congested mucus membranes, reluctance to move, and a hunched back. Upon necropsy, congestion was noted in the intestines and brain, and the heart had a loose consistency. Soft and pulpy kidneys were evident coupled with watery intestinal contents. Epsilon toxin (Clostridium perfringens type D toxin) was detected using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. A transparent cystic structure was incidentally found attached to the pancreas, within which a scolex was well demonstrated upon histopathology. Chronic active peritonitis was diagnosed at the cyst attachment site. C. tenuicollis was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and genome sequencing. This report describes prenatal transmission of C. tenuicollis in the present lamb, although this condition is quite rare.
When the Post-Truth Devil Hides in the Details: A Digital Ethnography of Virtual Anti-Vaccination Groups in Lithuania
Authors: Dementavičienė Augustė , Mikutaitė Fausta , Žukauskas Aivaras 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe main aim of this article is to understand how anti-vaccination communities on social media platforms can shape and rationalise their perception of truth, by using a theoretical lens of post-truth studies, and what contextual features frame the formulation of vaccine-related truth statements in post-Soviet contexts. This article explores two of the largest anti-vaccination Facebook groups in Lithuania. An attempt is made to get closer to the participants’ worldview by gathering data using a digital ethnography inspired approach, and then analysing the data with text-based methods. Content analysis was used to find the main themes and to merge them with wider analytical categories, which allows the ongoing process in the wider theoretical context to be investigated. Afterwards, discourse analysis was performed because the overall course of the research called for re-evaluation of the topic and methods from multiple angles. During the research, four analytical categories were outlined: crisis of trust, competing with science, populism, and an anti-public discourse. The Lithuanian case reveals that the proliferation of these narratives often originates in and is affected by contextual realities. It is argued that they must be considered when analysing occurrences of communities founded on alternative epistemologies.
Towards a Grammar of Manipulated Photographs: The Social Semiotics of Digital Photo Manipulation
Authors: Boeriis Morten 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis article explores the visual grammatical implications of contemporary digital photo manipulation. The rapid and broad distribution of photographs via social media is leading to the conventionalisation of new social practices in photography (Johannessen & Boeriis, Visual Communication 20, 527–551, 2021), including the widespread use of image filters and other types of image manipulation. The smartphone camera has become a constantly available augmentation of our sensory motor apparatus and of our social environment (Blaagaard, Visual Communication 12, 359–374, 2013; Frosh, International Journal of Communication 9, 1607–1628, 2015; Han et al., 2017) and, consequently, manipulated photography is becoming an almost dialogical practice of expressing thoughts and emotions in real-time among individuals on a potentially very large scale (Boeriis, Discourse, Context & Media 41, 28–40, 2021).From a point of departure in multimodal social semiotics (Hodge & Kress, 1988; Kress & van Leeuwen, Multimodal discourse: The modes and Media of Contemporary Communication. Hodder Arnold, 2001), this article explores how different visual meaning-making resources are involved in manipulating digital photographs. Kress and van Leeuwen’s visual grammar (2020) serves as a framework for the analysis and discussion of the options available for photo manipulation in digital software, both specialised for social media (e.g. Instagram or FaceApp) and for professional photography (e.g. Adobe Photoshop and Adobe Lightroom). Thus, the article unfolds the meaning-making of photo manipulations by relating different effects to the grammatical categories affected by different adjustments.
Humanism and Enlightenment
Authors: Nida-Rümelin Julian , Winter Dorothea 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSome authors argue that digital transformation is a form of “counter-Enlightenment.” And indeed, there is a tendency of transhumanist and anti-humanist thought in present-day debates around digitalization. Software systems are described as if they were persons endowed with mental states and moral or immoral attitudes. For some, the values of humanism and Enlightenment that framed human rights and democratic constitutions have become obsolete. In fact, humans are delegating responsibility to artificial intelligence and digital tools. Simultaneously, digitalization can lead to a greater emphasis on humans as rational beings and grant them greater freedom for personal development. Therefore, the question “What is the relevance of humanism and Enlightenment in the era of digital transformation?” arises and more basically “What are the constitutive elements of humanism and Enlightenment and are they still relevant, or do they even gain importance in digital transformation processes?”. These and other questions will be addressed in this chapter.
Responsible Software Engineering: Requirements and Goals
Authors: Bennaceur Amel , Ghezzi Carlo , Kramer Jeff , Nuseibeh Bashar 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this chapter, we provide an introduction to the discipline of requirements engineering as part of the software engineering process. We indicate how to elicit, articulate, and organize the goals of complex software systems as an explicit expression of the requirements that the proposed or existing software system is expected to achieve and maintain, including what the system should avoid performing. We advocate that system requirements goals can and should be used to explicitly capture, express, and reason about the diverse digital humanism values which are of concern in socio-technical systems. This is an essential aspect of responsible software engineering.
Recommender Systems: Techniques, Effects, and Measures Toward Pluralism and Fairness
Authors: Knees Peter , Neidhardt Julia , Nalis Irina 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRecommender systems are widely used in various applications, such as online shopping, social media, and news personalization. They can help systems by delivering only the most relevant and promising information to their users and help people by mitigating information overload. At the same time, algorithmic recommender systems are a new form of gatekeeper that preselects and controls the information being presented and actively shapes users’ choices and behavior. This becomes a crucial aspect, as, if unaddressed and not safeguarded, these systems are susceptible to perpetuate and even amplify existing biases, including unwanted societal biases, leading to unfair and discriminatory outcomes. In this chapter, we briefly introduce recommender systems, their basic mechanisms, and their importance in various applications. We show how their outcomes and performance are assessed and discuss approaches to addressing pluralism and fairness in recommender systems. Finally, we highlight recently emerging directions within recommender systems research, pointing out opportunities for digital humanism to contribute interdisciplinary expertise.
On Algorithmic Content Moderation
Authors: Prem Erich , Krenn Brigitte 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of the challenges involved in algorithmic content moderation. Content moderation is the organized practice of screening user-generated content (UGC) on Internet sites, social media, and other online outlets to determine the appropriateness of the content for a given site, locality, or jurisdiction. The most common technical approaches consist in using classifier systems that assign predefined category labels to individual posts. We briefly introduce pre- and post-moderation and provide real-world examples of algorithmic moderation systems used by an Austrian daily newspaper. We point to significant challenges of moderation such as the ambiguities of natural language and the implications for freedom of expression. We conclude with issues that algorithmic content moderation raises for societal power relations and democratic control.
Work in a New World
Authors: Samaan Daniel 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWork has always played a central role in human lives, from ancient times to the modern age to contemporary history. How is the way we work changing in the digital economy, and how can we make sure that it is changing for the better and not worse? This chapter provides an overview of what we currently know about the future of work, such as potential job losses through automation, new emerging jobs, new skills, future social security systems, and wage inequality, and of chances and risks more generally of working in the digital economy. The focus is on presenting an overview of currently existing socioeconomic research on the “future of work” and to identify policy areas in which policymakers may have to become active, with either established labor market and social policies or with entirely new policy ideas.
The Digital Revolution in a Historical Perspective
Authors: Glenny Misha 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe coincidence and interaction between political and technological revolutions have resulted in epoch-changing social, political, and economic developments on three occasions over the past 500 years: the Renaissance and Reformation with the invention of print and weapons technology, the French and American revolutions with the industrial revolution, and the collapse of communism with the information revolution. Each boast their specific attributes but follow a pattern which can assist us in understanding the implications of today’s technologies for our social and political structures.
The Social Responsibilities of Scientists and Technologists in the Digital Age
Authors: Akkermans Hans 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWhat responsibilities do digital scientists and professionals have in serving society and the public, beyond doing “purely” “fundamental” scientific, technological, or academic inquiry alone? Now that “the digital” has become pervasive in society, even in normal people’s lives, these are pressing questions that call for answers. They go beyond individual ethical considerations or professional codes of conduct, as society-systemic aspects heavily come into play. We explore some of the complex historical and contemporary relationships between technology and society as a way to formulate useful insights for digital ethics and governance of digital technologies today.
Exact Solutions Modelling Nonlinear Atmospheric Gravity Waves
Authors: Henry David 
Published: December 2023

AbstractExact solutions to the governing equations for atmospheric motion are derived which model nonlinear gravity wave propagation superimposed on atmospheric currents. Solutions are explicitly prescribed in terms of a Lagrangian formulation, which enables a detailed exposition of intricate flow characteristics. It is shown that our solutions are well-suited to modelling two distinct forms of mountain waves, namely: trapped lee waves in the Equatorial f-plane, and vertically propagating mountain waves at general latitudes.
The role of seedbanks and hyporheic refuges in supporting benthic invertebrate community resistance and resilience to dry phases
Authors: Viza Aida , Arias-Real Rebeca , Menéndez Margarita , Muñoz Isabel 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn intermittent streams, aquatic organisms use various strategies to face dry phases, but the relative contribution of these strategies to persist during dry phase remains unclear. Here, we investigated the in situ persistence of benthic invertebrates in the saturated hyporheic sediments and the “invertebrate seedbank” that persists in dry sediments across six Mediterranean intermittent streams. Taxonomic and functional responses within hyporheic and seedbank assemblages were compared with those in the benthic assemblages under connected flow conditions by combining field and mesocosms data. The dry phase duration in each stream was calculated to assess the responses of hyporheic and seedbank assemblages. Taxonomic composition and abundance-weighted traits related to resistance and resilience to face the dry phase in each assemblage type (benthic, hyporheic, seedbank) were determined. Taxonomic (richness and diversity) and functional (richness and dispersion) metrics were also calculated. We found that seedbank and hyporheic assemblages supported up to 16% and 40% of the benthic taxa, respectively. Only taxonomic and functional richness differed between assemblage types. Contrary to previous research, no clear relationship was established between diversity or the abundance of resistance traits and the duration of dry phase; however, a negative linear relationship was identified between the abundance of resilience traits and the duration of the dry phase. The increase in the frequency and duration of drying events due to climate change will reduce water availability in both saturated and unsaturated streambed sediments, compromising the persistence of aquatic biodiversity in intermittent streams.
Sexual behavior and chemical signaling in Opsiphanes cassina (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
Authors: Bustos-Cortés Jenifer J. , Aldana-De la Torre Rosa C. , Morales-Rodríguez Anuar , Chegwin-Angarita Carolina , Romero-Frías Alicia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBehavior modification using chemical stimuli is a promising tactic for integrated management of lepidopteran pests. Therefore, this approach was evaluated for the management of the butterfly Opsiphanes cassina Felder 1862, a defoliating pest in oil palm plantations. To achieve this aim, we observed adults’ sexual behavior under laboratory conditions and identified glandular structures in the abdomen and hind wings of males that are associated with the production of sexual pheromones in taxonomically related insects. It was also determined that male calls to females occur at 18:00 h when they fill their glandular structures, tremble, and make abdominal movements while possibly releasing pheromones. The hairpencils of the hind wings are also exposed during this time. Furthermore, the analysis using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) on the samples obtained by Solvent Assisted Extraction (SAE) revealed the identification of three male-specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including (E)-nerolidol, vanillin, and (Z)-7-heptadecene. The Electroantennographic (EAG) evaluation demonstrated that females respond to the compounds, indicating their likely involvement in intraspecific interactions of the species. However, the behavioral evaluation did not confirm their attractive effect under the conditions employed. Nevertheless, the identified male-specific semiochemicals could be an alternative for inclusion in integrated pest management (IPM) of this pest in oil palm crops. Therefore, it is recommended to evaluate them under field conditions.
Impact of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and PFAS mixtures on lipid metabolism in differentiated HepaRG cells as a model for human hepatocytes
Authors: Sadrabadi Faezeh , Alarcan Jimmy , Sprenger Heike , Braeuning Albert , Buhrke Thorsten 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are environmental contaminants with various adverse health effects in humans including disruption of lipid metabolism. Aim of the present study was to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of PFAS-mediated effects on lipid metabolism in human cells. Here, we examined the impact of a number of PFAS (PFOS, PFOA, PFNA, PFDA, PFHxA, PFBA, PFHxS, PFBS, HFPO-DA, and PMPP) and of some exposure-relevant PFAS mixtures being composed of PFOS, PFOA, PFNA and PFHxS on lipid metabolism in human HepaRG cells, an in vitro model for human hepatocytes. At near cytotoxic concentrations, the selected PFAS and PFAS mixtures induced triglyceride accumulation in HepaRG cells and consistently affected the expression of marker genes for steatosis, as well as PPARα target genes and genes related to lipid and cholesterol metabolism, pointing to common molecular mechanisms of PFAS in disrupting cellular lipid and cholesterol homeostasis. PPARα activation was examined by a transactivation assay in HEK293T cells, and synergistic effects were observed for the selected PFAS mixtures at sum concentrations higher than 25 µM, whereas additivity was observed at sum concentrations lower than 25 µM. Of note, any effect observed in the in vitro assays occurred at PFAS concentrations that were at least four to five magnitudes above real-life internal exposure levels of the general population.