bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time‐accurate solution of stabilized convection–diffusion–reaction equations: II—accuracy analysis and examples
Authors: Huerta Antonio , Roig Bernardino , Donea Jean 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe paper addresses the development of time‐accurate methods for solving transient convection–diffusion –reaction problems using finite elements. The accuracy characteristics of the spatially stabilized implicit multi‐stage time‐stepping schemes developed in a companion paper (Part I of this work) are analysed and compared here. This is done by means of a Fourier analysis. An important improvement is observed when the order of the method is increased. Moreover, the stabilization techniques proposed (streamline‐upwind Petrov–Galerkin (SUPG), Galerkin least‐square (GLS), sub‐grid scale (SGS) and least squares) do not degrade the phase accuracy. Finally, some examples are presented to show the applicability of these schemes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Teacher's PETS: a new observational measure of experiential training interactions
Authors: Milne Derek , James Ian , Keegan Dominique , Dudley Mike 
Published: October 2002

AbstractGovernment policy now stresses the importance of staff training in fostering evidence‐based practice, but what is done in the name of training is rarely reported and there are few instruments with which to analyse training. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to develop a new measure of training processes and mini‐outcomes, and to provide a case study illustration. A single subject (N = 1) withdrawal design was used to assess the empirical validity of the measure. The measure (Teacher's PETS) was derived from the applied psychology literature in order to operationalize Kolb's (1984) integrative theory of experiential learning. Reliability and validity assessments were conducted. During the intervention phase of the case study baseline data from PETS were fed back to the trainer. The effectiveness of this intervention was assessed structurally and functionally, in relation to the learners, i.e. mental health staff (N = 31) receiving training in evidence‐based practice (psychosocial interventions in severe mental illness). PETS was found to have very good inter‐rater reliability (K = 0.84) and promising content, empirical and concurrent validity. The case study illustrated that, at baseline, the training did not correspond to a ‘training workshop’. However, the intervention of feedback and modelling resulted in more appropriate training processes and outcomes, which were maintained at a 1‐month follow‐up assessment. It is concluded that PETS shows promise as an instrument and has the advantage of affording detailed, transactional information to improve the efficiency of training. It may also be useful in relation to clinical supervision. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Leukoerythrophagocytosis by sinus histiocytes: Case report
Authors: Lobo Flora D. , Raghuveer C. V. , Radhakrishnan Subha 
Published: October 2002

AbstractLeukoerythrophagocytosis by sinus histiocytes in the lymph nodes is a rare cytological observation. Though often seen in lymph nodes draining malignancies, one may occasionally encounter them in vascular lesions. We report a case of leukoerythrophagocytosis by sinus histiocytes of the right supraclavicular lymph nodes in a 35‐yr‐old male. He presented with a painful soft tissue mass in the right anterior region of the chest wall extending into the axilla of 6 mo duration. Bilateral radial pulsations were absent. The patient had received treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis 1 yr ago. FNAC of the soft tissue mass revealed only blood. Radiological evaluation revealed a vascular lesion, with smooth borders, extending into the upper zone of right lung and displacing the second rib inferiorly. Doppler evaluation confirmed it to be a right subclavian aneurysm with arteritis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;27:109–110. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Current waveform control of a high‐power‐factor rectifier circuit for harmonic suppression of voltage and current in a distribution system
Authors: Takeshita Takaharu , Goto Hiroyuki , Masuda Takahiro , Matsui Nobuyuki 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper presents the input current waveform control of the rectifier circuit which realizes simultaneously the high input power factor and the harmonics suppression of the receiving‐end voltage and the source current under the distorted receiving‐end voltage. The proposed input current waveform includes the harmonic components which are in phase with the receiving‐end voltage harmonics. The control parameter in the proposed waveform is designed by examining the characteristics of both the harmonic suppression effect in the distribution system and the input power factor of the rectifier circuit. The effectiveness of the proposed current waveform has been confirmed experimentally. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 140(4): 62–71, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10046
The distributional effects of carbon and energy taxes: the cases of France, Spain, Italy, Germany and UK
Authors: Symons E. J. , Speck S. , Proops J. L. R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper examines the likely immediate impact effect of some pollution taxes on the tax burden of households in a number of European countries. The total effect on households of such taxes is assessed using input–output analysis. Thus both the direct effect of taxes, through increased fuel prices, and the indirect effect, through increased prices of other goods, can be assessed simultaneously. This input–output approach allows the generation of direct plus indirect pollution intensities for all household consumption categories, for, in principle, a number of pollutants (CO2, SO2, NOx, particulates). These intensities could then be used to assess the impact on households of pollution taxes. This paper concentrates on CO2 and energy, performing a static analysis of the effect of a tax on the carbon or energy content of goods using the known consumption patterns for the various countries, both in aggregate and for different income groups. This allows a first assessment of the regressive/progressive effects of such taxes and an indication of consumer welfare loss. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Perceiving minority members as individuals: the effects of relative group size in social categorization
Authors: Klauer Karl Christoph , Wegener Ingo , Ehrenberg Katja 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAccording to the account by comparative distinctiveness, minorities draw attention by virtue of their relative size, leading to more individuation and more stereotyping of their members. Using the ‘Who said what?’ paradigm by Taylor, Fiske, Etcoff, and Ruderman (1978) in Klauer and Wegener's (1998) modified version, relative group size of gender categories and age categories was varied in a pilot study and a main experiment, respectively. In the pilot study, memory for discussion statements and in both studies, memory for individuating information increased as subgroup size decreased. Rating measures obtained in the main experiment revealed most stereotyping of minority members. The findings thereby support major predictions of the account by comparative distinctiveness, but demonstrate dissociations between different modes of category‐based processing, i.e. category memory, reconstructive category use, and stereotyping. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implicit person theories influence memory judgments: the circumstances under which metacognitive knowledge is used
Authors: Werth Lioba , Förster Jens 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis work focuses on the influence of implicit theories on recognition judgments. We argue that to understand how a recognition task is solved, it is necessary to study inferential processes because individuals might use their metamnestic knowledge (‘I would have known that!’) as a basis for replacing missing recollective experiences with inferential processes (Strack & Bless, 1994). In the present study, individuals' preexisting implicit personality theory (Dweck, 1996) was measured and was identified as a moderating variable for the use of metamnestic knowledge. After participants had studied word lists their metamnestic knowledge concerning these lists was manipulated. The results of a subsequent recognition task revealed that individuals used these metacognitively based inferences only when they assumed personal stability (‘entity theory’). Participants who believed in personal variability (‘incremental theory’) did not draw similar inferences when recollective experiences were missing. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of evaluation and potency on perceivers' causal attributions
Authors: Corrigan Roberta 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn two experiments, this paper examines how the labels used to describe interpersonal interactions can affect perceivers' judgments of who caused the interaction. Two universal, connotative dimensions of word meaning underlying the labels, evaluation and potency, influenced expectations about interactants' behaviors and experiences, which in turn affected perceivers' causal attributions. Evaluation and potency ratings for a set of experiencer verbs, a set of action verbs, a set of trait labels (Experiment 1) and a set of social category labels (Experiment 2) were used to construct sentences describing interactions between two people. The complete set of sentences contained all possible combinations of high or low evaluation and potency for all the sentence constituents. Participants were asked to judge who caused the event—subject or object—without having been told that evaluation and potency were the dimensions of interest. When the sentence subject and object differed in evaluation, the evaluative match between the sentence subject and the verb was the most important factor influencing attributions. The potency of the constituents and the class of the verb (experiencer or action) affected the magnitude of the attributions. When the sentence subject and object shared the same valence, attributions were based on verb class. The results highlight the important role of language in interpreting social behavior. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DNA damage assessment by comet assay of human lymphocytes exposed to jet propulsion fuels
Authors: Jackman Shawna M. , Grant Geraldine M. , Kolanko Christopher J. , Stenger David A. , Nath Joginder 
Published: October 2002

AbstractExposure to jet fuel damages DNA and results in a number of physiological changes in liver, lung, immune, and neurological tissue. In this study the single‐cell gel electrophoresis assay or comet assay was used to compare the DNA damage in human peripheral lymphocytes produced by three jet propulsion fuels: JP‐8, JP‐5, and JP‐8+100. These fuels consist of complex mixtures of aliphatic, aromatic, and substituted naphthalene hydrocarbons. Two exposure times were investigated which correspond to estimated occupational exposure times and concentrations of fuels were used that were based on previous fuel toxicity studies. Analysis of samples for the extent of DNA damage as determined by tail moment and percent tail DNA was performed on exposed cells following a brief recovery time. All fuels produced significant increases in DNA damage; however, only JP‐8+100 was genotoxic at the lowest exposure concentration (1:500). At the highest exposure concentration (1:75), the mean tail moments for JP‐8 and JP‐8+100 (32.041 ± 2.599 and 45.774 ± 4.743, respectively) were significantly greater than for JP‐5 (1.314 ± 0.474). These results indicate that JP‐8+100 is the most potent inducer of DNA damage in human peripheral lymphocytes and that both JP‐8+100 and JP‐8 are capable of damaging lymphocyte DNA to a greater extent than JP‐5. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 40:18–23, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of rain quality data from the South African interior
Authors: Galpin Jacky , Held Gerhard 
Published: October 2002

AbstractRain acidity may be ascribed to emissions from power station stacks, as well as emissions from other industry, biomass burning, maritime influences, agricultural influences, etc. Rain quality data are available for 30 sites in the South African interior, some from as early as 1985 for up to 14 rainfall seasons, while others only have relatively short records. The article examines trends over time in the raw and volume weighted concentrations of the parameters measured, separately for each of the sites for which sufficient data are available. The main thrust, however, is to examine the inter‐relationship structure between the concentrations within each rain event (unweighted data), separately for each site, and to examine whether these inter‐relationships have changed over time. The rain events at individual sites can be characterized by approximately eight combinations of rainfall parameters (or rain composition signatures), and these are common to all sites. Some sites will have more events from one signature than another, but there appear to be no signatures unique to a single site. Analysis via factor and cluster analysis, with a correspondence analysis of the results, also aid interpretation of the patterns. This spatio‐temporal analysis, performed by pooling all rain event data, irrespective of site or time period, results in nine combinations of rainfall parameters being sufficient to characterize the rain events. The sites and rainfall seasons show patterns in these combinations of parameters, with some combinations appearing more frequently during certain rainfall seasons. In particular, the presence of the combination of low acetate and formate with high magnesium appears to be increasing in the later rainfall seasons, as does this combination together with calcium, sodium, chloride, potassium and fluoride. As expected, sites close together exhibit similar signatures. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Eating disorders in females with type 1 diabetes: an update of a meta‐analysis
Authors: Nielsen Søren 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjective:Firstly to provide a quantitative summary of existing studies on the occurrence of eating disorders (ED) in females with type 1 diabetes (IDDM), with the focus on retinopathy and insulin misuse for the different eating disorders. Secondly to disseminate knowledge about useful statistical tools.Research Design and Methods:Data were extracted from the relevant case–control and follow‐up studies. Odds ratios (OR) and risk differences (RD) were the main effect sizes analysed. Analyses were based on ‘exact’ methods as many studies are sparse. Data and findings are presented in sufficient detail for re‐analysis.Results:An hypothesis of an increase in Anorexia Nervosa (AN) in IDDM is not supported by existing evidence. Bulimia Nervosa is increased (OR = 2.9 (95%CI: 1.03 to 8.4); pOR = 0.04) in IDDM. Both ED‐NOS and subthreshold ED is increased (OR ∼2; pOR < 0.001) in females with IDDM. Co‐existing ED in IDDM increases the overall common OR for retinopathy to 4.8 (95%CI: 3.0 to 7.8); pOR < 0.00001, and the overall mean RD is 33% (95%CI: 25% to 42%); pRD < 0.001. Insulin misuse (IM) is increased when ED co‐exists with IDDM: OR 12.6 (95%CI: 7.8 to 21.1); pOR < 0.00001, and mean RD is 40% (95%CI: 29% to 50%); pRD < 0.001.Conclusions:ED‐NOS and subthreshold ED seem to be the quantitatively most important EDs in type 1 diabetic females. Mismanagement of diabetes in the form of IM is frequent in eating disordered IDDM probands. Early occurrence of retinopathy and other complications is an increased risk in concurrent cases, as is premature death. The implications of Binge Eating Disorder (BED) and overweight needs to be elucidated for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
The propagation of an error in Long and Sharp's (1964) data on barchan dune movement
Authors: Momiji Hiroshi , Warren Andrew 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA misprint in a classic study of desert dunes (Long and Sharp, Geological Society of America Bulletin, 1964, Vol. 75, pp. 149–156) is reported. Its influences on subsequent literature are examined. The true data of dune migration speed collected by Long and Sharp are found to show better correlation with dune height than seen in two recent textbooks and a paper by the authors. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scale effects of Hortonian overland flow and rainfall‐runoff dynamics: laboratory validation of a process‐based model
Authors: Stomph T. J. , de Ridder N. , Steenhuis T. S. , Van de Giesen N. C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractHortonian runoff was measured in the laboratory from uniform slopes of lengths of 1·5, 3·0, and 6·0 m for steady, high‐intensity rainstorms with durations of 1·0 to 7·5 min. A clear reduction in runoff per unit slope length was found as slope lengths were increased. This effect becomes more pronounced with decreasing storm duration. The runoff data were used to validate a simple process‐based model that combines the Philip‐two‐term infiltration equation with the kinematic wave overland flow principle. The predicted and experimental results agreed well. Laboratory findings were extrapolated with the aid of the model to slopes and rainfall durations similar to those found under West African conditions. The calculated reduction of runoff per unit length is similar to reported observations. Thus, this process‐based model can largely explain the phenomenon of runoff reduction with increasing slope length. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An outlier robust GARCH model and forecasting volatility of exchange rate returns
Authors: Park Beum‐Jo 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSince volatility is perceived as an explicit measure of risk, financial economists have long been concerned with accurate measures and forecasts of future volatility and, undoubtedly, the Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) model has been widely used for doing so. It appears, however, from some empirical studies that the GARCH model tends to provide poor volatility forecasts in the presence of additive outliers. To overcome the forecasting limitation, this paper proposes a robust GARCH model (RGARCH) using least absolute deviation estimation and introduces a valuable estimation method from a practical point of view. Extensive Monte Carlo experiments substantiate our conjectures. As the magnitude of the outliers increases, the one‐step‐ahead forecasting performance of the RGARCH model has a more significant improvement in two forecast evaluation criteria over both the standard GARCH and random walk models. Strong evidence in favour of the RGARCH model over other competitive models is based on empirical application. By using a sample of two daily exchange rate series, we find that the out‐of‐sample volatility forecasts of the RGARCH model are apparently superior to those of other competitive models. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isolation of differentially expressed genes from wild‐type and Twist mutant mouse limb buds
Authors: Loebel David A.F. , O'Rourke Meredith P. , Steiner Kirsten A. , Banyer Joanne , Tam Patrick P.L. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSummary: In the mouse, Twist is required for normal limb and craniofacial development. We show that the aristaless‐like transcription factors, Alx3 and Alx4 are downregulated in the Twist−/− mutant and may be potential targets of Twist. By suppression subtractive hybridization we isolated 31 and 18 unique clones representing mRNAs that are putatively downregulated and upregulated respectively in Twist−/− forelimb buds. These included genes encoding cytoskeletal components, metabolic enzymes, hemoglobin molecules, membrane transport proteins, components of transcription and translation complexes, protein modification enzymes and proteins related to cell proliferation and apoptosis. Differential expression of selected clones was validated by whole mount in situ hybridization to E10.5 wild‐type and Twist−/− embryos. We show that four novel clones are expressed in the Twist‐expressing craniofacial tissues and paraxial mesoderm and downregulated in Twist−/− embryos, raising the possibility that they are, in addition to genes of the Alx family, downstream targets of Twist. genesis 33:103–113, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biostratigraphical dating of the Thornton Fossil Konservat‐Lagerstätte, Silurian, Illinois, USA
Authors: Loydell David K. , Mullins Gary L. , Männik Peep , Mikulic Donald G. , Kluessendorf Joanne 
Published: October 2002

AbstractGraptoloid graptolites, conodonts and chitinozoans from the lower part of the Racine Dolomite Formation at the Material Services Corporation quarry at Thornton indicate that the Fossil Konservat‐Lagerstätte here is of late Sheinwoodian (early Wenlock) age. It is thus of an age approximately midway between those of the other Midwest Lagerstätten: within the Brandon Bridge Formation at Waukesha (Telychian), and the Mississinewa Shale (Gorstian) and Lecthaylus Shale (Gorstian). Conodonts indicate that the Fossil Konservat‐Lagerstätte at Thornton corresponds to the ‘post Kockelella walliseri interregnum’ sensu Jeppsson (1997, Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 88: 91–114). Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isolated hallucinosis in Alzheimer's disease is associated with African–American race
Authors: Bassiony Medhat M. , Warren Andrew , Rosenblatt Adam , Baker Alva , Steinberg Martin , Steele Cynthia D. , Lyketsos Constantine G. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this investigation was to study the relationship between isolated hallucinosis and race in Alzheimer's disease.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional, case control study carried out at the Neuropsychiatry Service, outpatient clinic at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, USA. The participants were 237 community‐residing patients with probable Alzheimer's disease according to NINCDS/ADRDA criteria were included in the study. 9 patients with isolated hallucinosis were compared to a control group of 228 patients who had neither delusions nor hallucinations. Patients with only delusions or both delusions and hallucinations were excluded based on prior research. Patients were assessed clinically for the presence of hallucinations using the DSM‐IV glossary definitions. They were also rated on standardized measures of cognitive impairment, depression, functional impairment, and general health.ResultsThere was a significant association between hallucinations and race in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Before adjustment for other variables, the African–American race conferred a 5.5‐fold (95% CI = 1.4–21.6; p = 0.02) increased risk for isolated hallucinosis. After adjustment for multiple other variables, this risk increased further to 27.2‐fold (95% CI = 1.6–457.3; p = 0.02).ConclusionsAfrican–American patients with Alzheimer's disease are more likely to have isolated hallucinations than Caucasian patients even after statistical adjustment for multiple confounding variables, which might distort this association. This finding has implications for our understanding of the etio‐pathogenesis of hallucinations in Alzheimer's disease and for meeting health service needs of African–American patients. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.