bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are the total fertility rates of men and women different at below-replacement levels? An answer obtained from the G7 countries
Authors: Li Nan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA child is born to a father and a mother. This fact, however, is yet to be recognized by demography, in which fertility refers to women’s natural ability to give birth. The main reason for the absence of men is that data on births are more often available for women than for men. But in the last few decades, data availability has greatly improved. Recent studies show that total fertility rates (TFRs) of men can be calculated for most countries in the world and that the difference between the TFRs of men and women can be quite large. For low-fertility countries, nonetheless, these studies show little difference between the TFRs of men and women, giving rise to the question: Is men’s fertility worth further investigation? To avoid ambiguity in describing a particular difference as small or big, this paper provides a formula for probabilistic TFRs. Using hypothesis test on probabilistic TFRs, we can say that the difference between the TFRs of men and women is statistically significant for all the G7 countries, except for France. To explain the differences between the TFRs of men and women, this study uses models of stable populations and concludes that the one-sex stable population models cannot explain the results whereas a two-sex joint stable population model can do so. By using the two-sex population model, we can explain why the TFR of men in France is almost the same as that of women, and why it is lower than that of women in the other six G7 countries. More specifically, by using the model, we can help explain 76% of the variance in the difference between the TFRs of men and women. Future studies may be able to show that men’s TFR is significantly lower than women’s in other countries too and explain why it is so. The above findings, however, require closer attention and further investigation, because low fertility could lead to socioeconomic problems. Beyond TFRs, extending fertility studies from women to men as well, that is, conducting fertility studies on both women and men, will fundamentally improve our knowledge about fertility age patterns, trends, determinants, policies and other related issues.
Neural Network-Based Human Motion Predictor and Smoother
Authors: Graßhof Stella , Bastholm Mathias , Brandt Sami S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThough continuous advances in the field of human pose estimation, it remains a challenge to retrieve high-quality recordings from real-life human motion using commodity hardware. Therefore, this work focuses on predicting and improving estimates for human motion with the aim of achieving production quality for skinned mesh animations by off-the-shelf webcams. We take advantage of recent findings in the field by employing a recurrent neural network architecture to (1) predict and (2) denoise human motion, with the intention of bridging the gap between cheap recording methods and high-quality recording. First, we propose an LSTM to predict short-term human motion, which achieves competitive results to state-of-the-art methods. Then, we adapt this model architecture and train it to clean up noisy human motion from two 3D low-quality input sources, and hence mimic a real-world scenario of recording human motion which yields noisy estimates. Experiments on simulated data show that the model is capable of significantly reducing noise, and it opens the way for future work to test the model on annotated data.
Dynamics of unionism in the platform economy: the case of the food delivery sector in Bologna, Italy
Authors: Marà Claudia , Pulignano Valeria , Stewart Paul 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIt is a characteristic of platform capitalism that struggles to re-embed digital platform work within institutionalised forms of employment have been set in motion by new labour actors (i.e. self-organised, grassroots unions). Contrary to the view that these new actors signify the decades-long decline of traditional unions, evidence increasingly highlights their continued relevance to the labour–capital relations of platform capitalism. We argue that dynamic interactions between ‘old’ and ‘new’ labour actors in platform capitalism are influenced by national union traditions that emerge more vividly when struggles to re-embed labour relations require the transition to more institutionalised forms of labour resistance. We develop this argument based on a longitudinal qualitative study of labour struggles in the food delivery sector in the city of Bologna, Italy. We pay particular attention to the dynamics of intra-labour actor relations that have unfolded in the sector across different temporally based events of contention in the city. As we illustrate, synergies between the two were prompted by the self-organised workers’ need to rely on partners with an ‘official’ status when re-embedding procedures required; yet, collaboration was also favoured by what we describe as a ‘posture of respect’ developed by the traditional union vis-à-vis the self-organised informal union, particularly with regard to their quest for autonomy from traditional union structures. We interpret this approach of the established labour actor in line with its traditional orientation as ‘class’ actor, whose actions look beyond the membership so as to expand solidarity to all workers, including in new productive (platform) sectors.
Chiefs and Other Great Female Ancestors: Voice, Authority, and the Politics of Gendered Temporality in Northern Mozambique
Authors: Katto Jonna 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe matrilineal Yaawo of northern Mozambique are recognized as having had a tradition of female figures of spiritual and political authority, though little is known of their history. This article takes “voice” as its analytical focus to explore how these women feature in the historical memories of the region. Methodologically, it brings together the study of oral traditions and oral history. Focusing on the narratives as “collections of diverse voices” (Barber 1989), I analyze how past voices echo in the narratives and intertwine with the voices of their contemporary narrators and how contemporary narrators engage with the remembered voices of the past. As this article argues, examining the ways that the relationship between the deeper past and the present is performed in oral history can bring us a better understanding of women’s gendered leadership in a more distant past, as well as its changing shape in more recent times.
Egyptians, Aliens, and Okies: Against the Sum of Averages
Authors: Tarsney Christian , Geruso Michael , Spears Dean 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGrill (2023) defends the sum of averages view (SAV), on which the value of a population is found by summing the average welfare of each generation or birth cohort. A major advantage of SAV, according to Grill, is that it escapes the Egyptology objection to average utilitarianism. But, we argue, SAV escapes only the most literal understanding of this objection, since it still allows the value of adding a life to depend on facts about other, intuitively irrelevant lives. Moreover, SAV has a decisive drawback not shared with either average or total utilitarianism: it can evaluate an outcome in which every individual is worse off as better overall, even when exactly the same people exist in both outcomes. These problems, we argue, afflict not only Grill's view but any view that uses a sum of subpopulation averages, apart from the limiting cases of average and total utilitarianism.
Preparedness Behavior and the apocalypse: religion and politics in the post 2020 election era
Authors: Adkins Jason , Djupe Paul A. , Neiheisel Jacob R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractResearch on disaster preparedness finds little connection between religious variables, such as beliefs surrounding the end of the world (apocalypticism), and physical preparations (e.g., having three days of food and water stored). In light of rhetoric from evangelical elites urging the faithful to prepare for the apocalypse given recent events, such as the 2020 election, we sought to re-evaluate the connection between physical preparations for difficult times and religious variables including Christian nationalism, apocalypticism, church attendance, and the belief that Christians are being persecuted in the country. Results from an original survey conducted in early 2021 reveal a strong positive association between apocalypticism and measures of disaster preparedness. Other religious variables (Christian nationalism, in particular) do not always relate to preparedness behavior in expected ways. While it remains unclear what role, if any, Christian elites played in convincing the faithful to prepare not only their souls for the apocalypse, but also their pantries, it is evident that apocalyptic beliefs track with physical preparedness behavior.
E-band backhaul antenna for fine beam alignment
Authors: Mustacchio Carmine , Arnieri Emilio , Amendola Giandomenico , Fonte Alessandro , Maggiora Riccardo , Boccia Luigi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAn E-band Cassegrain switched beam high-gain antenna concept for 5G backhauling systems is proposed in this article. The antenna requirements target the compensation of small misalignments (within ±1 degrees in both azimuth and elevation planes) in E-band backhauling links due to adverse weather conditions or thermal deformations. The intended antenna is able to realize beam-switching operations by using a feed-array architecture based on a 7 × 7 array of cavity-backed magnetoelectric (ME) dipoles, where every element is capable of providing a steering of ±0.33 degrees in both the elevation and the azimuth planes. The ME dipole illuminators combined with a Cassegrain reflector provide a gain of 52 dBi within the whole scanning range. Besides, they can be easily integrable with the front-end modules, thus being an easily implementable and low-cost alternative to other more complex solutions based on horns or lens antennas.
The Westward Drift of Jupiter's Polar Cyclones Explained by a Center‐of‐Mass Approach
Authors: Gavriel Nimrod , Kaspi Yohai 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe first orbits around Jupiter of the Juno spacecraft in 2016 revealed a symmetric structure of multiple cyclones that remained stable over the next 5 years. Trajectories of individual cyclones indicated a consistent westward circumpolar motion around both poles. In this paper, we propose an explanation for this tendency using the concept of beta‐drift and a “center‐of‐mass” approach. We suggest that the motion of these cyclones as a group can be represented by an equivalent sole cyclone, which is continuously pushed by beta‐drift poleward and westward, embodying the westward motion of the individual cyclones. We support our hypothesis with 2D model simulations and observational evidence, demonstrating this mechanism for the westward drift. This study joins consistently with previous studies that revealed how aspects of these cyclones result from vorticity‐gradient forces, shedding light on the physical nature of Jupiter's polar cyclones.
Quantifying the Extent of Authigenic Carbonate Formation in Shallow Marine Sediments Through a Correlation Between Carbonate Precipitation Rate and Sulfate Flux
Authors: Hu Yu , Luo Min , Peckmann Jörn , Zhang Xinxin , Chen Linying , Feng Junxi , Liang Qianyong , Chen Duofu , Feng Dong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe accumulation of authigenic carbonate in marine sediments has been regarded as a significant contributor to the carbon cycle over Earth's history. However, accurate quantification of the extent of authigenic carbonate formation in both modern and ancient oceans has been challenging due to limited approaches. Here, we analyzed calcium, magnesium, dissolved inorganic carbon, and alkalinity pore‐water profiles of 153 sites influenced by methane diffusion from the northern South China Sea. By combining these data with published data of diffusive sulfate flux, we found a significant positive correlation between carbonate precipitation rate and sulfate flux in the subseafloor. This correlation can be used to quantify the regional extent of authigenic carbonate formation, representing an advantage over a spatial interpolation approach. We therefore propose that the observed correlation can serve as a new approach for quantifying authigenic carbonate formation in shallow sediments along continental margins for both modern and ancient oceans.
Warm Clouds Biases in CMIP6 Models Linked to Indirect Effects of Falling Ice‐Radiation Interactions Over the Tropical and Subtropical Pacific
Authors: Li Jui‐Lin F. , Xu Kuan‐Man , Lee Wei‐Liang , Jiang Jonathan H. , Tsai Yu‐Cian , Yu Jia‐Yuh , Fetzer Eric , Wu Longtao , Stephens Graeme 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe examine the spatial distributions of CMIP6‐simulated cloud liquid water path (CLWP) and content (CLWC) against MODIS and CloudSat synthesized data over the tropical and subtropical Pacific. Three subsets of models are categorized based on their treatments of frozen ice‐radiative interactions. CLWP/CLWC are generally well simulated in subset with separately‐calculated radiative effects of cloud ice and falling ice (SON2). Too much warm clouds above 750 hPa are produced in either subset with total frozen ice radiative effects (SON1) or subset without radiative effects of falling ice (NOS) and thus CLWP/CLWC are overestimated over the open ocean including the trade‐wind regions. Stratocumulus clouds off the coasts of North and South America are severely underestimated in NOS models. We attribute the overestimates of clouds above the trade‐wind boundary layers to anomalous ascending motion associated with warmer sea surface temperature and weaker surface wind stress linked to indirect effects of falling ice‐radiation interactions.
Microbial controls over soil priming effects under chronic nitrogen and phosphorus additions in subtropical forests
Authors: Li Jian , Liu Zhan-Feng , Jin Ming-Kang , Zhang Wei , Lambers Hans , Hui Dafeng , Liang Chao , Zhang Jing , Wu Donghai , Sardans Jordi , Peñuelas Josep , Petticord Daniel F , Frey David W , Zhu Yong-Guan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The soil priming effect (PE), defined as the modification of soil organic matter decomposition by labile carbon (C) inputs, is known to influence C storage in terrestrial ecosystems. However, how chronic nutrient addition, particularly in leguminous and non-leguminous forests, will affect PE through interaction with nutrient (e.g., nitrogen and phosphorus) availability is still unclear. Therefore, we collected soils from leguminous and non-leguminous subtropical plantations across a suite of historical nutrient addition regimes. We added 13C-labeled glucose to investigate how background soil nutrient conditions and microbial communities affect priming and its potential microbial mechanisms. Glucose addition increased soil organic matter decomposition and prompted positive priming in all soils, regardless of dominant overstory tree species or fertilizer treatment. In non-leguminous soil, only combined nitrogen and phosphorus addition led to a higher positive priming than the control. Conversely, soils beneath N-fixing leguminous plants responded positively to P addition alone, as well as to joint NP addition compared to control. Using DNA stable-isotope probing, high-throughput quantitative PCR, enzyme assays and microbial C substrate utilization, we found that positive PE was associated with increased microbial C utilization, accompanied by an increase in microbial community activity, nutrient-related gene abundance, and enzyme activities. Our findings suggest that the balance between soil available N and P effects on the PE, was dependent on rhizosphere microbial community composition. Furthermore, these findings highlight the roles of the interaction between plants and their symbiotic microbial communities in affecting soil priming and improve our understanding of the potential microbial pathways underlying soil PEs.
PTP4A1 promotes oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) metastasis through altered mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming
Authors: Liu Bing , Si Wen , Wei Bo , Zhang Xuan , Chen Peng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPTP4A1 (Protein tyrosine phosphatase 4A1) is a protein tyrosine phosphatase that regulates a range of pro-oncogenic signaling pathways. Here, we report a novel role for PTP4A1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) growth and development. We show that PTP4A1 is frequently overexpressed in OSCC cells and tissues compared to adjacent non-tumor tissue. In OSCC, the overexpression of PTP4A1 increased cell growth and invasion in vitro, and enhanced tumor progression in vivo. At the molecular level, PTP4A1 was found to regulate mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming to enhance the invasive capacity of OSCC cells. Mechanistically, these effects were mediated through binding to pyruvate kinase isoenzyme M2 (PKM2) to promote its expression and aconitase 2 (ACO2) to enhance its degradation. Together, these data reveal PTP4A1 as a viable target for OSCC therapeutics.
Unveiling the origin of the large coercivity in (Nd, Dy)-Fe-B sintered magnets
Authors: Tang Xin , Li Jiangnan , Sepehri-Amin Hossein , Bolyachkin Anton , Martin-Cid Andres , Kobayashi Shintaro , Kotani Yoshinori , Suzuki Motohiro , Terasawa Asako , Gohda Yoshihiro , Ohkubo Tadakatsu , Nakamura Tetsuya , Hono Kazuhiro 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNd-Fe-B-based permanent magnets are widely used for energy conversion applications. However, their usage at elevated temperatures is difficult due to the relatively low coercivity (Hc) with respect to the anisotropy field (HA) of the Nd2Fe14B compound, which is typically 0.2HA. In this work, we found that the coercivity of an (Nd0.8Dy0.2)-Fe-B sintered magnet could reach 0.4HA, which was twice as high as the Hc/HA of its Dy-free counterpart. Detailed microstructural characterizations, density functional theory and micromagnetic simulations showed that the large value of coercivity, Hc = 0.4HA, originated not only from the enhanced HA of the main phase (intrinsic factor) but also from the reduced magnetization of the thin intergranular phase (extrinsic factor). The latter was attributed to the dissolution of 4 at.% Dy in the intergranular phase that anti-ferromagnetically coupled with Fe. The reduction in the magnetization of the intergranular phase resulted in a change in the angular dependence of coercivity from the Kondorsky type for the Dy-free magnet to the Stoner–Wohlfarth-like shape for the Dy-containing magnet, indicating that the typical pinning-controlled coercivity mechanism began to show nucleation features as the magnetization of the intergranular phase was reduced by Dy substitution.
‘It’s a nightmare’: informed consent in paediatric genome-wide sequencing. A qualitative expert interview study from Germany and Switzerland
Authors: Eichinger Johanna , Zimmermann Bettina , Elger Bernice , McLennan Stuart , Filges Isabel , Koné Insa 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe use of genome-wide sequencing (GWS) in paediatrics has added complexity to informed consent (IC) and pretest counselling because of the vast number and interpretation of potential findings, and their implications. However, empirical data from continental Europe on these issues remains limited. This study therefore aimed to explore the experiences and views of medical geneticists working with children in Germany and Switzerland regarding the challenges of obtaining valid IC in paediatric GWS. Qualitative interviews with 20 medical geneticists were analysed employing reflexive thematic analysis. In the interviews, many medical geneticists questioned the validity of parents’ IC due to the enormous amount of relevant information given and the variety and complexity of the possible test outcomes. Key barriers identified included familial implications, administrative challenges and struggles with non-directiveness. Medical geneticists’ suggestions for improvement included increasing the number of genetics professionals and better information material, which is crucial as GWS becomes a diagnostic standard in the early care pathways of children. An adjustment of aspirations from still existing ideal of traditional fully IC to appropriate IC seems to be needed. Such a more realistic and ethically sound adaptation of the requirements for IC can lead to better ‘informedness’ and improve the validity of the consent. This might also help reduce the moral distress for the medical geneticists involved.
First report of molecular identification of Phytophthora infestans causing potato late blight in Yemen
Authors: Al Harethi Amira A. , Abdullah Qais Y. M. , Al Jobory Hala J. , Al Aquil Samar A. , Arafa Ramadan A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLate blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, is one of the most destructive potato diseases in the world. In Yemen, identification of P. infestans still depends on a visual survey and external examination of late blight symptoms. The objective of this study was to isolate and identify P. infestans by using advanced methods. We collected 71 disease samples and isolated the pathogen using the tuber slice method. To identify an isolated pathogen, we performed morphological characterization and gene sequence analysis of the coding genes for internal transcribed spacers. We used Koch’s hypotheses to confirm the previous results. In our study. The morphological characters of the mycelium pattern of P. infestans isolates in Yemen were profusely branching, fluffy, and white. The sporangia showed remarkable limoniform papillate sporangial shape. with average length and width of 30.6 and 28.6 µm, respectively. The sequences analysis showed high homology with a degree of identity ranging from 98 to 100% to the database sequences on GenBank. Pathogenicity tests showed that the P. infestans was the causal agent. To our knowledge, this is the first study of the isolation and characterization of P. infestans in Yemen.
Identifying influential nodes in complex networks using a gravity model based on the H-index method
Authors: Zhu Siqi , Zhan Jie , Li Xing 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIdentifying influential spreaders in complex networks is a widely discussed topic in the field of network science. Numerous methods have been proposed to rank key nodes in the network, and while gravity-based models often perform well, most existing gravity-based methods either rely on node degree, k-shell values, or a combination of both to differentiate node importance without considering the overall impact of neighboring nodes. Relying solely on a node's individual characteristics to identify influential spreaders has proven to be insufficient. To address this issue, we propose a new gravity centrality method called HVGC, based on the H-index. Our approach considers the impact of neighboring nodes, path information between nodes, and the positional information of nodes within the network. Additionally, it is better able to identify nodes with smaller k-shell values that act as bridges between different parts of the network, making it a more reasonable measure compared to previous gravity centrality methods. We conducted several experiments on 10 real networks and observed that our method outperformed previously proposed methods in evaluating the importance of nodes in complex networks.