bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flow of information contributing to medication incidents in home care—An analysis considering incident reporters' perspectives
Authors: Vellonen Marja , Härkänen Marja , Välimäki Tarja 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimTo describe the contributing factors and types of reported medication incidents in home care related to the flow of information in different phases of the medication process, as reported by multi‐professional healthcare groups.DesignThis descriptive, qualitative study used retrospective data.MethodsAn incident‐reporting database was used to collect 14,289 incident reports from 2017 to 2019 in a city in Finland. We used this data to select medication incidents (n = 1027) related to the flow of information in home care and between home care and hospitals. Data were divided into five groups based on the medication phase: (1) prescribing, (2) dispensing, (3) administration, (4) documentation and (5) self‐administration. In addition, the types of medication‐related incidents were described. The data were examined using abductive content analysis. The EQUATOR SRQR checklist was used in this report.ResultsFour main categories were identified from the data: (1) issues related to information management, (2) cooperation issues between different actors, (3) work environment and lack of resources and (4) factors related to healthcare workers. Cooperation issues contributed to medication‐related incidents during each phase. Incomplete communication was a contributing factor to medication incidents. This occurred between home care, remote care, hospital, the client and the client's relatives. Specifically, a lack of information‐sharing occurred in repatriation situations, where care transitioned between different healthcare professionals.ConclusionHealthcare professionals, organisations, clients and their relatives should focus on the efficient and safe acquisition of medications. Specifically, the use of electronic communication systems, together with oral reports and checklists for discharge situations, and timely cooperation with pharmacists should be developed to manage information flows.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThese findings demonstrate that healthcare professionals require uniform models and strategies to accurately and safely prescribe, dispense and administer medications in home care settings.No patient or public contributions.
Rhyming style, persona, and the contested landscape of authentic Chinese hip hop
Authors: Lin Yuhan , Wang Tianxiao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAlthough recent sociolinguistic research on high performance has shown that persona construction is multidimensional and context‐specific, little work has explored how interactions between personae affect their shared semiotic landscape. This study focuses on stylistic practices in 2017′s The Rap of China, China's first hip hop‐themed competition show. A quantitative analysis was conducted to describe the rhyming styles of contemporary Chinese rappers. Based on language uses, visual representations, and lyrical themes, we then identify three rapper personae and discuss the semantic dimensions of hip hop authenticity invoked by each persona. Finally, through an analysis of a combative rap performance and reactions to it, we argue that contestation among different personae shapes the ideological landscape of “authentic Chinese hip hop.” This work demonstrates the potential of the semiotic landscape as a theoretical tool for the analysis of digital communities and cultural forms.
“We've got to get out”—Strategies of human pathogenic fungi to escape from phagocytes
Authors: Sonnberger Johannes , Kasper Lydia , Lange Theresa , Brunke Sascha , Hube Bernhard 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHuman fungal pathogens are a deadly and underappreciated risk to global health that most severely affect immunocompromised individuals. A virulence attribute shared by some of the most clinically relevant fungal species is their ability to survive inside macrophages and escape from these immune cells. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms behind intracellular survival and elaborate how escape is mediated by lytic and non‐lytic pathways as well as strategies to induce programmed host cell death. We also discuss persistence as an alternative to rapid host cell exit. In the end, we address the consequences of fungal escape for the host immune response and provide future perspectives for research and development of targeted therapies.
A cross‐sectional study of pediatric dermatoses in a specialized pigment and skin‐of‐color center in Australia
Authors: Liu Sue , Rodrigues Michelle 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThere is a paucity of literature on pediatric skin conditions in skin of color, of which old epidemiological data are likely to become outdated as the ethnic diversity in developed countries such as Australia continues to grow. We analyzed the prevalence of presenting conditions of pediatric patients with skin of color attending an urban dermatology clinic in Melbourne, Australia over an 18‐month period. The major presenting issues were vitiligo, atopic dermatitis, and acne vulgaris, the majority of which did not significantly differ by ethnicity; however, there was a statistically significantly higher proportion of Chinese and Indian patients presenting with atopic dermatitis. Given the varying presentations of these conditions in skin of color, our findings highlight the importance of increasing education for dermatologists and health personnel in pigmentary disorders and the need for further focused studies comparing the prevalence of skin disease across ethnicities.
Norms of Inquiry
Authors: Haziza Eliran 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article provides an overview of recent work on norms of inquiry. After some preliminaries about inquiry in §1, I discuss in §2 the ignorance norm for inquiry, presenting arguments for and against, as well as some alternatives. In §3, I consider its relation to the aim of inquiry. In §4, I discuss positive norms on inquiry: norms that require having rather than lacking certain states. Finally, in §5, I look at questions about the place of norms of inquiry within normative epistemology.
Self‐provoked oral illness: When the mouth mirrors the soul
Authors: Hassona Yazan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundFactitious disorder imposed on self (FDIS), also known as Munchausen's syndrome, is a psychological disorder characterized by falsification of physical or psychological symptoms without an obvious external incentive. Oral presentations of FDIS are infrequently reported, and diagnosis might be challenging because affected patients often have impressive skills in fabricating symptoms and deceiving healthcare professionals.AimTo describe the diagnostic dilemma and management challenges in a female patient who presented with tooth ache and oral ulcers.Case DescriptionA 53‐year‐old female presented with complex medical history, vague symptoms and confusing dental history regarding persistent toothache and generalized oral ulcers. She underwent extensive investigations and multiple dental and oral surgical procedures without reaching a confirmed diagnosis or achieving symptomatic improvement. Thorough review of her medical records revealed multiple admissions to various hospitals across the country and abroad for various reasons, and failed to find any laboratory, clinical, or radiographic evidence of her “claimed” symptoms.ConclusionOral healthcare professionals should suspect FDIS in patients presenting with vague and complex history that is not explained by clinical or radiographic findings. Consultation with psychiatric department and hospital administration might be needed to confirm diagnosis and plan appropriate management of the case.
Influence of nonsuicidal self‐injury functions on suicide risk in individuals with eating disorders
Authors: Schmidt Kendall , Smith April R. , Bodell Lindsay P. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveIndividuals with eating disorders (EDs) display elevated rates of suicidality (i.e., suicidal ideation and behaviors) as well as nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) (e.g., self‐harm behaviors without intent to die). NSSI—and particularly the functions of NSSI—predict suicidal ideation in general samples; however, to our knowledge, the relation between NSSI functions and suicidal ideation in ED populations has been unexplored.MethodThis study examined whether specific functions of NSSI are relevant to suicidal ideation in a treatment‐seeking sample of women with EDs (n = 100). Participants completed self‐report measures of suicidal ideation, NSSI, and related psychopathology upon intake to an ED treatment program.ResultsUsing the four‐function model of NSSI, we found that intrapersonal and interpersonal‐negative reinforcement, but not interpersonal‐positive reinforcement functions, were related to suicidal ideation in women with EDs. Contrary to expectations, we did not find that endorsement of multiple NSSI functions was related to increased suicide risk.DiscussionFindings imply that some, but not all, functions of NSSI may be relevant to suicide risk in individuals with EDs. Implications for further research are discussed.
The Multiple Roles of Emotion in Interpretation and Memory of Sexual Consent
Authors: Davis Deborah , Cano Joseph , Miller Gage , Loftus Elizabeth 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we explore the role of emotion in the interpretation and memory of sexual encounters. We consider situations likely to generate negative emotions during sex, and the mechanisms through which the experience of negative emotions can lead to false memories of coercion and mislabeling of an encounter as sexual assault. Specifically, we consider the role of emotion in directing attention during a sexual encounter and the effects of emotion as context for interpretation at the time of the encounter, and for retrieval and interpretation when the encounter is later recalled and reported. Our intent is to provide a greater understanding of the processes of interpretation and memory through which false claims of sexual assault might arise, if and when they do arise.
Experimental Investigation of the Calcified Plaque Material Removal Rate in Coronary Rotational Atherectomy
Authors: Li Xinxiao , Yang Jiaqi , Chernjavsky Patrick , Angjeli Katerina , Liu Yang , Zheng Yihao 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Rotational atherectomy (RA) is a minimally invasive procedure to remove the calcified atherosclerotic plaque from arteries to restore blood flow. It uses a high-speed, metal-bonded diamond abrasive grinding wheel to pulverize the calcified plaque into absorbable debris via a catheter through the artery. Although RA has been clinically used for over two decades, procedural complications persist and there remains a lack of consensus on the optimal device parameters. This study aims to investigate the material removal rate (MRR) in coronary RA with respect to grinding wheel sizes and rotational speeds based on a tissue-mimicking phantom. Three grinding wheel sizes, 1.25, 1.5, and 1.75 mm in diameter, and three rotational speeds, 1,20,000, 1,50,000, and 1,80,000 rpm, were investigated. The RA MRR was presented as the luminal area gain and measured by microscopy and image processing. The results show the increase in the grinding wheel size or rotational speed leads to a higher MRR and luminal gain in RA. With a 1.75 mm diameter grinding wheel rotating at 1,80,000 rpm in a 2 mm initial diameter lumen, the max MRR and the luminal gain are 2.49 mm2/three passes and 5.09 mm2, respectively. The MRR decreases as the number of grinding passes increases during RA with the same grinding wheel rotating at a constant speed. This study provides a thorough understanding of the wheel size and speed effects on coronary RA MRR for potential improvements in RA devices and clinical operational guidelines.
Cold Crucible Facility for Severe Accident Research at Canadian Nuclear Laboratories
Authors: David R. , Mitchell B. , Spencer J. H. , Lair N. , Petoukhov S. M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The properties and behavior of corium are important factors in the progression and ultimate consequences of a severe nuclear reactor accident. Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (CNL) is developing a cold crucible facility to create and study small quantities of CANDU corium and, potentially, other molten materials. This paper describes the facility and presents preliminary results with nonradioactive charges and with radioactive, near-prototypical charges.
Integration of a Gas Model Into Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis for the Simulation of Turbine Exhaust Flows With High Steam Loads
Authors: El-Soueidan Mahmoud , Schmelcher Marc , Görtz Alexander , Häßy Jannik , Bröcker Marius 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The water-enhanced turbofan (WET) is a promising future propulsion concept to reduce aero engine emissions. In the WET-engine, a heat exchanger uses turbine exhaust heat in order to generate superheated steam out of liquid water. For evaporator design, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are necessary since correlation-based predictions have a high uncertainty during preliminary design. A common way of modeling steam loaded flows is the integration of gas models into CFD analysis. However, to the author's knowledge, there is no gas model published that accounts for the exact gas composition of turbine exhaust flows with high steam loads and is commonly used by low- and high-fidelity methods. Therefore, a gas model predicting the thermodynamic behavior of the turbine exhaust flow considering high steam loads is presented and integrated into an existing CFD solver. The approach is able to incorporate the implemented gas model into the CFD simulation by two methods: runtime and offline. The offline method has a computational advantage in iteration time compared to the runtime integration. As demonstration case, a single two-dimensional cylinder is considered. A variation of the steam loading of the flow shows a significant effect on local properties and therefore on local and average heat transfer. Increasing the steam loading up to 40% results in an increase of the average Nusselt number of 17%.
Clinical Outcomes of Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion Versus Switch of Direct Oral Antcoagulant in Atrial Fibrillation: A Territory‐Wide Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Ng Andrew Kei‐Yan , Ng Pauline Yeung , Ip April , Fung Raymond Chi‐Yan , Chui Shing‐Fung , Siu Chung‐Wah , Yan Bryan P. 
Published: October 2023

Background
Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) has emerged as an alternative to oral anticoagulation therapy for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation, but data comparing LAAO with direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) are sparse.

Methods and Results

This cohort study compared LAAO (with or without prior anticoagulation) with a switch of one DOAC to another DOAC by 1:2 propensity score matching. The primary outcome was a composite of all‐cause mortality, ischemic stroke, and major bleeding. A total of 2350 patients (874 in the LAAO group and 1476 in the DOAC switch group) were included. After a mean follow‐up of 1052±694 days, the primary outcome developed in 215 (24.6%) patients in the LAAO group and in 335 (22.7%) patients in the DOAC switch group (hazard ratio [HR], 0.94 [95% CI, 0.80–1.12];
P
=0.516). The LAAO group had a lower all‐cause mortality (HR, 0.49 [95% CI, 0.39–0.60];
P
<0.001) and cardiovascular mortality (HR, 0.49 [95% CI, 0.32–0.73];
P
<0.001) but similar risk of ischemic stroke (HR, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.63–1.10];
P
=0.194). The major bleeding risk was similar overall (HR, 1.18 [95% CI, 0.94–1.48],
P
=0.150) but was lower in the LAAO group after 6 months (HR, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.51–0.97];
P
=0.032).

Conclusions
LAAO conferred a similar risk of composite outcome of all‐cause mortality, ischemic stroke, and major bleeding, as compared with DOAC switch. The risks of all‐cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality were lower with LAAO.
Association of Digoxin Use With Transplant‐Free Interstage Survival in Infants Palliated With a Stage 1 Hybrid Procedure
Authors: Reddy Reshma K. , Zyblewski Sinai C. , Chowdhury Shahryar M. , Godown Justin , Bradley Scott M. , Brown David W. , Duncan Rachel K. , Brown Tyler N. , Bates Katherine E. , Minich L. LuAnn , Costello John M. 
Published: October 2023

Background
Digoxin prescription in patients with single‐ventricle physiology after stage 1 palliation is associated with reduced interstage death. Prior literature has primarily included patients having undergone the Norwood procedure. We sought to determine if digoxin prescription at discharge in infants following hybrid stage 1 palliation was associated with improved transplant‐free interstage survival.

Methods and Results

A retrospective multicenter cohort analysis was conducted using data from the National Pediatric Cardiology Quality Improvement Collaborative registry data from 2008 to 2021. Infants with functional single ventricles and aortic arch obstruction discharged home after the hybrid stage 1 palliation hospitalization were included. Patients were excluded if they had supraventricular tachycardia or conversion to Norwood operation. The primary outcome was transplant‐free survival. Multivariable logistic regression analysis including a propensity score for digoxin use identified associations between digoxin use and interstage death or transplant. Of 259 included infants from 45 sites, 158 (61%) had hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Forty‐nine percent had a gestational age ≤38 weeks, 18% had a birth weight <2.5 kg, and 58% had a preoperative risk factor. Of the 259 subjects, 129 (50%) were discharged on digoxin. Interstage death or transplant occurred in 30 (23%) patients in the no‐digoxin group compared with 18 (14%) in the digoxin group (
P
=0.06). With multivariate analysis, discharge digoxin prescription was associated with a lower risk of interstage death or transplant (adjusted odds ratio, 0.48 [95% CI, 0.24–0.93];
P
=0.03).

Conclusions
In infants with single‐ventricle physiology who underwent hybrid stage 1 palliation, digoxin prescription at hospital discharge was associated with improved interstage transplant‐free survival.
Influence of Socioeconomic Gender Inequality on Sex Disparities in Prevention and Outcome of Cardiovascular Disease: Data From a Nationwide Population Cohort in China
Authors: Wang Yunfeng , Tian Aoxi , Wu Chaoqun , Lu Jiapeng , Chen Bowang , Yang Yang , Zhang Xiaoyan , Zhang Xingyi , Cui Jianlan , Xu Wei , Song Lijuan , Guo Weihong , Wang Runsi , Li Xi , Hu Shengshou 
Published: October 2023

Background
Knowledge gaps remain in how gender‐related socioeconomic inequality affects sex disparities in cardiovascular diseases (CVD) prevention and outcome.

Methods and Results

Based on a nationwide population cohort, we enrolled 3 737 036 residents aged 35 to 75 years (2014–2021). Age‐standardized sex differences and the effect of gender‐related socioeconomic inequality (Gender Inequality Index) on sex disparities were explored in 9 CVD prevention indicators. Compared with men, women had seemingly better primary prevention (aspirin usage: relative risk [RR], 1.24 [95% CI, 1.18–1.31] and statin usage: RR, 1.48 [95% CI, 1.39–1.57]); however, women's status became insignificant or even worse when adjusted for metabolic factors. In secondary prevention, the sex disparities in usage of aspirin (RR, 0.65 [95% CI, 0.63–0.68]) and statin (RR, 0.63 [95% CI, 0.61–0.66]) were explicitly larger than disparities in usage of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (RR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.84–0.91]) or β blockers (RR, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.63–0.71]). Nevertheless, women had better hypertension awareness (RR, 1.09 [95% CI, 1.09–1.10]), similar hypertension control (RR, 1.01 [95% CI, 1.00–1.02]), and lower CVD mortality (hazard ratio, 0.46 [95% CI, 0.45–0.47]). Heterogeneities of sex disparities existed across all subgroups. Significant correlations existed between regional Gender Inequality Index values and sex disparities in usage of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (Spearman correlation coefficient,
r
=−0.57,
P
=0.0013), hypertension control (
r
=−0.62,
P
=0.0007), and CVD mortality (
r
=0.45,
P
=0.014), which remained significant after adjusting for economic factors.

Conclusions
Notable sex disparities remain in CVD prevention and outcomes, with large subgroup heterogeneities. Gendered socioeconomic factors could reinforce such disparities. A sex‐specific perspective factoring in socioeconomic disadvantages could facilitate more targeted prevention policy making.
Trends in Cardiovascular Disease Mortality by County‐Level Social Vulnerability Index in the United States
Authors: Terry Katrina , Makhlouf Mohamed , Altarabsheh Salah E. , Deo Vaishali , Petermann‐Rocha Fanny , Elgudin Yakov , Nasir Khurram , Rajagopalan Sanjay , Al‐Kindi Sadeer , Deo Salil 
Published: October 2023

Background
Although cardiovascular mortality (CVM) rates in the United States have been declining overall, our study evaluated whether this holds true for areas with increased social deprivation.

Methods and Results

We used county‐level cross‐sectional age‐adjusted CVM rates (aa‐CVM) (2000–2019) linked to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Social Vulnerability Index (SVI–2010). We grouped counties as per SVI (Groups I 0–0.2, II 0.21–0.4, III 0.41–0.6, IV 0.61–0.8, and V 0.81–1) and calculated the relative change in the aa‐CVM between 2000 to 2003 and 2016 to 2019. We used adjusted linear regression analyses to explore the association between a higher SVI and temporal aa‐CVM improvement; we studied this temporal change in aa‐CVM across subgroups of race, sex, and location. The median aa‐CVM rate (per 100 000) was 272.6 (interquartile range [IQR]: 237.5–311.7). The aa‐CVM was higher in men (315.6 [IQR: 273.4–363.9]) than women (221.3 [IQR: 189.6–256.7]), and in Black residents (347.2 [IQR: 301.1–391.1];
P
<0.001) than White residents (258.9 [IQR: 226–299.1];
P
<0.001). The aa‐CVM for SVI I (233.6 [IQR: 214.8–257.0]) was significantly lower than that of group V (323.6 [IQR: 277.2–359.2];
P
<0.001). The relative reduction in CVM was significantly higher for SVI group I (32.2% [IQR: 24.2–38.4]) than group V (27.2% [IQR: 19–34.1]) counties. After multivariable adjustment, a higher SVI index was associated with lower relative improvement in the age‐adjusted CVM (model coefficient −3.11 [95% CI, −5.66 to −1.22];
P
<0.001).

Conclusions
Socially deprived counties in the United States had higher aa‐CVM rates, and the improvement in aa‐CVM over the past 20 years was lower in these counties.