bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hunger
Authors: de Waal Alex 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
‘Hunger: tie your stomach tightly and wait, it will leave you’. !shag Mohammedin, from Furawiya, was stoical about the pains of hunger. There is little to say about hunger per se. Hunger was something that people had just to put up with. Families rationed the food they ate. Following the harvest failure that became apparent in August 1984, people began to eat fewer, smaller, and less pleasant meals. They ate less millet and sorghum (known as ‘esh) and more wild foods. Some had already been doing this for some time, after the failure of the harvest of 1983 in north Darfur. The meagre harvest of 1984 was gathered in during October and November. People ate some, and stored some. They anticipated being hungry until the first post-famine harvest was gathered in: this, they hoped, would be during October 1985, unless the rains failed again.
Jumping the Gun
Authors: Rettig Richard A , Jacobson Peter D , Farquhar Cynthia M , Aubry Wade M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The high-dose chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow transplantation (HDC/ABMT) procedure, a promising but toxic new treatment for breast cancer, began diffusing rapidly into clinical practice just as randomized clinical trials were beginning, thereby “jumping the gun.” Clark and colleagues in 2003 described a historical example of this phenomenon in a study of the early clinical use of apheresis, an experimental treatment. Use increased as the treatment was being evaluated in three randomized clinical trials, most of it outside the trials. Jumping the gun also characterizes the case of HDC/ABMT for breast cancer.
Government Mandates
Authors: Rettig Richard A , Jacobson Peter D , Farquhar Cynthia M , Aubry Wade M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Widespread clinical use of high-dose chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow transplantation (HDC/ABMT) was partly driven in the mid-1990s by administrative and legislative mandates that required health plans to cover the procedure for breast cancer. In this chapter, we examine a mandate in 1994 from the federal Office of Personnel Management (OPM) that required all health plans participating in the Federal Employees Health Benefits Program (FEHBP) to provide HDC/ABMT for breast cancer as a covered benefit. We also examine the enactment in 1995 by the Minnesota legislature of a mandate that all plans in the state cover the procedure. We introduce these cases with a discussion of the context.
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Technology Assessments
Authors: Rettig Richard A , Jacobson Peter D , Farquhar Cynthia M , Aubry Wade M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Technology assessment (TA) emerged in the late 1960s, concerned mainly with anticipating and mitigating the secondary effects of major technological innovations, such as supersonic transport and nuclear power stations. In medicine, TA focused on the clinical and cost-effectiveness of new medical innovations, a result largely of the rapid diffusion of expensive new technologies before the evaluation of their benefit, cost, or cost-effectiveness (Institute of Medicine 1985; Rettig 1991). The “big ticket” items of dialysis and kidney transplantation in the early 1970s, computed tomography in the late 1970s and early 1980s, and magnetic resonance imaging later in the 1980s highlighted the need for such evaluation.
Fitting Out the Squadrons
Authors: Leiner Frederick C 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Susan Decatur was no blowsy sailor’s wife. Slim, fashionable, and vivacious, a coquette in her earlier days as a belle in Tidewater, Virginia, she was a drawing-room sophisticate, a woman who hosted James and Dolley Madison in the Decaturs’ rented townhouse west of the White House in the muddy, primitive national capital. At her parties, Susan Decatur played the harp and sang, and engaged in polite conversation with foreign ambassadors and famous statesmen. She was well educated and well read—her library contained books in Italian and French—and she had a particular interest in religion. Born Susan Wheeler, the daughter of Luke Wheeler, a merchant and mayor of Norfolk, she had married her sailor husband in Norfolk in March 1806 after a whirlwind courtship.
Benefit-Cost Analysis: Do The Benefits Exceed The Costs?
Authors: Lave Lester B 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Many economists see benefit-cost analysis as a rational, analytic tool that is neutral in its values. They assert that benefit-cost analysis is essential for complicated social issues. Our eloquence about the value of this framework has enabled us to convince Congress to write benefit­ cost analysis into various laws and convinced President Reagan to embrace it. President Clinton has reaffirmed the Reagan order with minor changes. Despite the objections of “unenlightened” environmentalists, political scientists, ethicists, and others, we economists believe that social decisions should be subject to benefit-cost analysis and that the analysis identifies, at least approximately, the social optimum. During the beginning of the Reagan administration, economists at the Office of Management and Budget terrorized those who could not produce analyses with positive net benefits (Clark, Kosters, and Miller 1980).But from the outset environmental, labor, and other “public interest” groups objected to cost-benefit tests of regulations. Their view­ point was partly emotional, but they had some valid points, including the contention that while costs can be measured fairly accurately, benefits are often difficult to quantify, particularly in dollar terms.
The Roots of Southern Populism
Authors: Hahn Steven 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Despite the vast changes in plantation agriculture following the Civil War and Reconstruction, the lot of small farmers was little improved. Examining the nonplantation region of upcountry Georgia as a microcosm of the South, Steven Hahn showed how farmers were buffeted by such forces as the unravelling of antebellum household economy, the development of market forces, the growth of a new class of merchants-landlords, and rising tensions between town and countryside--and how their resentments fueld the Populist movement at the end of the 19th century. For this updated edition, Hahn will add new material to discuss how the book has stood up since it was published over twenty years ago, how the arguments and questions were received, and what influence they may have had on scholarship. He will also consider what has happened to historical interest in Populism, poor white people and populist politics, as well as why he thinks it likely that interest may revive and what sort of questions and arguments may drive it.
“Society in the up Country”
Authors: Hahn Steven 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Shortly before his marriage to Eugenia DuBignon, the daughter of a Sea Island planter, the young slaveowning lawyer Archibald T. Burke journeyed to Carroll County in northwestern Georgia, where he planned to settle with his new bride. Surveying the area, Burke wondered whether she would feel comfortable in one of Georgia’s last frontiers. “I am sometimes fearful that you will not be pleased with the Society in the up Country,” he wrote her in 1853. “You will think it strange ... to see white people living in Log Cabins ... [and] you will find all sorts of Society here except Aristocracy.”1 Burke’s misgivings, to be sure, reflected the class attitudes of wealthy slaveholders, yet his point was never lost on the planting elite.
The Politics of Independence
Authors: Hahn Steven 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
“Slavery,” Georgia Governor Joseph E. Brown proclaimed, “is the poor man’s best Government.” Trumpeting familiar refrains from the score of proslavery doctrine, Brown argued that, despite the inequalities of wealth in Southern society, black bondage served as the foundation of white social and political democracy: “Among us the poor white laborer is respected as an equal. His family is treated with kindness, consideration, and respect. He does not belong to the menial class. The negro is in no sense his equal. ... He belongs to the only true aristocracy, the race of white men.” With special reference to Upcountry yeomen, Brown acknowledged that “some contemptible demagogues have attempted to deceive [them] by appealing to their prejudices and asking them what interest they have in maintaining the rights of wealthy slaveholders.” But he felt that such efforts were to little effect. “They [the yeomen] know that the Government of our State protects their lives, their families, and their property,” he announced, “that every dollar the wealthy slaveholder has may be taken by the Government of the State, if need be, to protect the rights and liberties of all.
Transnational Litigation in Comparative Perspective
Authors: Mccaffrey Stephen C , Main Thomas O 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Transnational Litigation in Comparative Perspective: Theory and Application is the only casebook that examines the principal issues in transnational litigation from a comparative perspective. Each chapter focuses on a particular core problem that all legal systems must address. The first half of each chapter is devoted to exploring the theoretical context of the issue, thereby enabling students to appreciate the complexity of the problem and to see how achieving a resolution requires balancing competing interests. The second part of each chapter then focuses on how different systems deal with these challenges. Topics covered include protective measures, personal jurisdiction, forum non conveniens, forum selection clauses, state immunity, state doctrine, service of process, gathering evidence abroad, choice of law, and recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments. Distinctive Features *Uses a comparative approach that better prepares future lawyers for international litigation that may be initiated in countries other than the U.S. *Offers a hypothetical at the beginning of each chapter to introduce the fundamental issue; the hypotheticals raise questions that are diagnostic rather than prescriptive, leading to many “right” answers *Accommodates different types of courses--professors who employ a less theoretical approach can use the hypotheticals to ground class discussions *Considers issues unique to arbitration as they arise in connection with the various topics studied
Traveling and Planning for Emergencies while on Dialysis Taking a Leap of Faith
Authors: Offer Daniel , Offer Marjorie Kaiz , Szafir Susan Offer 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Whether you intend to read one page or twenty, you may feel that your world has suddenly shrunk now that you or a family member has gone on dialysis. You may even feel that you cannot travel beyond a thirty-mile radius of your dialysis clinic or your home. Whatever boundaries you’ve created in your mind, in most cases they are just that—boundaries of the mind. With some courage, planning, smarts, and a general belief in the kindness of others you can take your show on the road. In this chapter we will present a great deal of practical information that we’ve learned over the years about traveling while on dialysis. We’ll also address common fears dialysis patients may have about travel and uncover some realities that will help to assuage these fears. Generally speaking we’ve found travel to be liberating and exhilarating. Above all, a trip away, an adventure, serves as a powerful reminder that life is meant to be lived.
Chapter Four
Authors: Parsons Lynn Hudson 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
At first Andrew Jackson did not hunger for the presidency. The strategy behind his nomination by the Tennessee legislature in 1822 and his election to the U.S. Senate a year later was to bar two men whom he distrusted from the office, rather than advance himself. Even after his candidacy caught fire beyond Tennessee, he was still prepared to see any outcome, favorable or not, provided there was no unrepublican “corruption” or “intrigue.” The election of his former ally Adams with the help of his hated enemy Clay convinced him that the will of the people had been set aside through conspiracy. Many Americans were ready to agree.
First-Term Blues
Authors: Gillon Steven M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Although they were clearly rising stars in their respective parties, Bill Clinton and Newt Gingrich had little direct contact before 1992. They met casually at public events in the 1980s when Clinton was in Washington lobbying on behalf of the nation’s governors, but for the most part they observed each other from a distance. “We had a distant awareness of each other,” recalled Gingrich, who remembered a brief encounter with Clinton during a national governor’s convention in 1988. The first official meeting between the two men took place on January 26, 1993, shortly after Clinton assumed office, when Gingrich attended a congressional leadership meeting at the White House.
The Clinton presidency was already off to a rough start. The press praised Clinton for his touching and uncharacteristically brief (fourteen minute) inaugural address. “Let us give this capital back to the people to whom it belongs,” Clinton said, reinforcing the populist theme of the campaign. Within days of taking the oath of office, however, the president found his new administration engulfed in controversy. Clinton had promised during the campaign to focus “like a laser beam” on the economy, but he created a political firestorm during his first week in office by proposing to lift the longstanding ban on homosexuals in the military.
“To Everything There Is a Season”
Authors: Winkler Allan M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Folk music has long played a vital role in supporting reform movements in the United States. Radical activists, seeking to counter a variety of abuses in mid-to-late 20th century America, often used music to express their hopes, aims, and goals. In “To Everything There Is a Season”: Pete Seeger and the Power of Song, Allan Winkler describes how folk singer Pete Seeger applied his musical talents to improve conditions for less fortunate people everywhere. This book uses Seeger’s long life and wonderful songs to reflect on the important role folk music played in various protest movements and to answer such fundamental questions as: What was the source of Seeger’s appeal? How did he capture the attention and affection of people around the world? And why is song such a powerful medium? For over half of a century, Pete Seeger’s life and music cut across the major issues of the day. A tireless supporter of union organization in the 1930s and 1940s, he joined the Communist Party, performing his songs with banjo and guitar accompaniment to promote worker solidarity. He sang out against American involvement in World War II in the early 1940s, only to change his tune after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. He enlisted in the Army and, still singing, served overseas in the South Pacific. In the 1950s, he found himself under attack during the Red Scare for his radical past. He narrowly escaped a long jail term for refusing to cooperate with the House Committee on Un-American Activities, when his contempt conviction was thrown out on a technicality. In the 1960s, he became the minstrel of the civil rights movement, focusing its energy with songs that inspired protestors and challenged the nation’s patterns of racial discrimination. Toward the end of the decade, he turned his musical talents to resisting the war in Vietnam, and again drew fire from those who attacked his dissent as treason. Finally, in the 1970s, he lent his voice to the growing environmental movement by leading the drive to clean up the Hudson River, which flowed almost literally through his backyard in New York State. His life reflected the turbulence of his times as his songs sounded the spirit of the issues that he felt mattered most. A sample of Seeger’s music accompanies this book. Songs include “If I Had a Hammer,” with its call to confront injustice; “Where Have all the Flowers Gone?” and its lyrical appeal to stop the cycle of war; and “We Shall Overcome,” the standard hymn of the struggle for freedom. Richly researched and crisply written, Allan Winkler provides a gripping account of the power of Pete Seeger’s songs in promoting a better world for us all.
Mill and Mine
Authors: Ayers Edward L 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
To Many People. Southern industry seemed more of a charade than an actuality. After enduring twenty years of exaggerated claims in the Manufacturer’s Record, even a Southern trade paper could stand the puffery no longer: “If all the saw mills. cotton mills. tobacco factories. new towns. and other enterprises and undertakings which it has heralded to its advertisers and ‘subscribers’ as having been started up in the various states of the South. had really been erected and put into operation.” the Sowhern Lumberman sneered in 1908, “there wouldn’t be surface room for them to stand on. water enough under the earth to supply their boilers, nor room enough in the sky for the smoke from their chimneys.” Reality looked nothing like this.
15
Authors: Schachter Steven C , Krishnamurthy Kaarkuzhali Babu , Cantrell Deborah T Combs 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
After 20 years of being free of seizures, they came back with a vengeance. Here I was—beginning the empty nest syndrome, showing signs of menopause, and starting a new job. The immediate effect of the return of seizures was the loss of my independence. Since I can’t drive now, I have to inconvenience my family or friends for rides.
22
Authors: Schachter Steven C , Krishnamurthy Kaarkuzhali Babu , Cantrell Deborah T Combs 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the beginning, seizures for me were something of a mystery. I never knew that I was having them. I wasn’t alone—it took doctors over 10 years to actually figure out that my ‘‘dream states’’ were seizures, not just something I was imagining. My seizures were like dreams that happened while I was awake. Staring off at something became a ‘‘normal’’ thing for me. Shaking my head to come back to reality was like waking myself up from the dream. The only problem was that when the ‘‘dream’’ ended, I felt lost, as if time had gone by and I was stuck somewhere back a few minutes.
33
Authors: Schachter Steven C , Krishnamurthy Kaarkuzhali Babu , Cantrell Deborah T Combs 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
I have had seizures for the past 21 years, and I’m sure that this has had a big impact on my life. I’m always afraid that I’ll have a grand mal, even though I have only had one (about 17 years ago, when my youngest son was born).I’ve always kept most of this information about myself private. I didn’t want anyone else to know this about me, since I thought they’d think ‘‘less’’ of me. When I went to see the local neurologist, I’d pray I wouldn’t meet anyone I knew, because then I’d have to explain where I was going and why.
34
Authors: Schachter Steven C , Krishnamurthy Kaarkuzhali Babu , Cantrell Deborah T Combs 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Epilepsy was like a veil through which I saw myself, life, and even the God for whom I sought to live. People who loved me always surrounded me, but I felt less than acceptable, unable to truly appreciate their love, and certainly unable to fathom why I was loved. For years I had felt that seizures put up the barriers of fear and shame. I recognized, finally, that something within me was a blockage to inner peace, and sought help in therapy.
40
Authors: Schachter Steven C , Krishnamurthy Kaarkuzhali Babu , Cantrell Deborah T Combs 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
How have seizures affected my day-to-day life over the past 30 years? First of all, I was unable to function as a mother when my children were born because my seizures got worse and all wanted to do was sleep. My sister-in-law and husband did everything for me. When the children started needing rides everywhere, I always had to ask other people, and I was stuck in the house and lonely. Seizures affected our finances. I can’t work a good paying job since I can’t remember anything. Because of all the medication I take, I only have the energy to work 15 hours a week because it is tiring work, packing bags in a supermarket. I feel like a real loser because I can’t make $30,000 a year like everyone else’s wives. I can only make $3,000. When we are out with other people, I can’t participate in any discussions because they are always talking about computers and topics of which I have no knowledge.
42
Authors: Schachter Steven C , Krishnamurthy Kaarkuzhali Babu , Cantrell Deborah T Combs 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Discovering that I had epilepsy affected my life in many ways, on many levels. The first shock of it had its impact on my self-esteem and self-image. So little appeared to be known about temporal lobe epilepsy at that time, and what was known was profoundly negative. One medical research book I consulted claimed that it led to retardation. Adding to that, my mother (born in 1913) forbade me from telling anyone in the family about my illness; so shame was blended with fear.
43
Authors: Schachter Steven C , Krishnamurthy Kaarkuzhali Babu , Cantrell Deborah T Combs 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
My grand mal seizures started when I was 15. Looking back, that was probably the worst age for me to begin having seizures. High school can be a scary place—even without epilepsy— and I was shy to begin with. I withdrew further into myself, never once dating. I was terrified that a seizure would happen in school, or that someone would discover my terrible secret. Luckily, that didn’t happen. Still, I missed proms and all the other exciting events that go with being a teenager. In my 20s, I started dating. One relationship became serious, and I became concerned about having a seizure in front of my unsuspecting boyfriend. I was also unsure how to tell a potential husband that I could not have children, since I was too scared of the effect my medication would have on the baby.
48
Authors: Schachter Steven C , Krishnamurthy Kaarkuzhali Babu , Cantrell Deborah T Combs 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
I have had seizures for the past 7 years that cause disorientation. The seizures have absolutely no effect on my ability to function as a woman, wife, mother, and grandmother on a day-today basis. They do, however, have a great effect on my memory. Many things that have happened more than 3 months ago are almost completely erased from my mind. This proves to be most embarrassing when interacting with friends and family. I do, however, have a husband who is both understanding and compassionate and do manage to get through the most important situations without much embarrassment.
54
Authors: Schachter Steven C , Krishnamurthy Kaarkuzhali Babu , Cantrell Deborah T Combs 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The sun rises, as do I. With milk in one hand and my morning medication in the other, I watch the world go to work. How I dream to be part of that world again! But my seizures say ‘‘no.’’ Seizures have affected many parts of my life. And sometimes they seem to dominate it. They began 21 years ago, when I was 18 and in college. It was not easy to keep roommates or find the ability to study, but I did it.
55
Authors: Schachter Steven C , Krishnamurthy Kaarkuzhali Babu , Cantrell Deborah T Combs 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
I have only had three grand mal seizures and don’t feel like my life has gone through major changes. However, during the 6-month period that I had these three seizures, my family did have several issues to deal with. My husband and I are close and supportive of one another. The only thing that we are wrestling with at this moment is the decision about whether I should go off antiseizure medicine. He wants me to take it for the rest of our lives. He only saw one seizure, but he never wants to see me go through that again. And there’s a puzzle . . . because I don’t ‘‘go through it,’’ I don’t even remember it—I don’t even get an aura—so really, he is the one who ‘‘goes through it.’’ And I don’t want him to.