bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Episcopacy, law and government
Authors: Warner Martin 
Published: January 2024

This Comment, based substantially on a lecture delivered to the Ecclesiastical Law Society on 5 July 2023, will explore how bishops engage with the legislature, comparing the example of Bishop George Bell in the last century with a rather different example in the present century, namely Pope Benedict XVI and his address to members of Parliament in Westminster Hall in 2010. The comparison will, I hope, indicate some historic dimensions to the issues of episcopacy, law and government that are pertinent today.
Voidable marriages
Authors: Mostyn Nicholas 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis article critiques the decision of the Court of Appeal in Re SA (Declaration of Non-Recognition of Marriage) [2023] EWCA Civ 1003. In Re SA the Court of Appeal held that: (1) by operation of section 16 of the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973, a voidable marriage is not void at its inception and is therefore not caught by section 58(5)(a) of the Family Law Act 1986, and (2) the effect of section 16 of the 1973 Act is that a voidable marriage starts off fully valid but only on making a decree absolute of nullity becomes invalid. This article contends that the approach adopted by the Court of Appeal in SA is conceptually challenging, based on a misreading of the statutory language, and is directly contrary to long-established and powerful authorities.
Prevalence of electrocardiographic abnormalities among Iranian children and adolescents and associations with blood pressure and obesity: findings from the SHED LIGHT study
Authors: Khorgami Mohammad Rafie , Rezaei Yousef , Tabib Avisa , Ghavidel Alireza A. , Omrani Gholamreza , Mohebbi Ahmad , Peighambari Mohammad Mehdi , Emkanjoo Zahra , Oveisi Mehrdad , Hajianfar Ghasem , Kazemborji Bahareh , Hosseini Saeid , Samiei Niloufar 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground:There are few studies for detecting rhythm abnormalities among healthy children and adolescents. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of abnormal electrocardiographic findings in the young Iranian population and its association with blood pressure and obesity.Methods:A total of 15084 children and adolescents were examined in a randomly selected population of Tehran city, Iran, between October 2017 and December 2018. Anthropometric values and blood pressure measurements were also assessed. A standard 12-lead electrocardiogram was recorded by a unique recorder, and those were examined by electrophysiologists.Results:All students mean age was 12.3 ± 3.1 years (6–18 years), and 52% were boys. A total of 2900 students (192.2/1000 persons; 95% confidence interval 186–198.6) had electrocardiographic abnormalities. The rate of electrocardiographic abnormalities was higher in boys than girls (p < 0.001). Electrocardiographic abnormalities were significantly higher in thin than obese students (p < 0.001), and there was a trend towards hypertensive individuals to have more electrocardiographic abnormalities compared to normotensive individuals (p = 0.063). Based on the multivariable analysis, individuals with electrocardiographic abnormalities were less likely to be girls (odds ratio 0.745, 95% confidence interval 0.682–0.814) and had a lower body mass index (odds ratio 0.961, 95% confidence interval 0.944–0.979).Conclusions:In this large-scale study, there was a high prevalence of electrocardiographic abnormalities among young population. In addition, electrocardiographic findings were significantly influenced by increasing age, sex, obesity, and blood pressure levels. This community-based study revealed the implications of electrocardiographic screening to improve the care delivery by early detection.
Stationarity of High‐ and Low‐Flows Under Climate Change and Human Interventions Across Global Catchments
Authors: Wang Zhengrong , Yang Yuting 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe assumption of stationarity is fundamental for predicting future hydrologic changes based on historical data. Here we present the first global‐scale, observation‐based assessment of long‐term stationarity in annual streamflow extremes (i.e., maximum and minimum monthly streamflow, or Qmax and Qmin). Observational evidence from 11,069 catchments worldwide reveal that Qmax and Qmin series remain stationary in approximately 93% and 67% of catchments exclusively influenced by climate change, respectively, indicating that climate change alone has not disrupted stationarity in annual streamflow extremes. In contrast, these proportions decrease to 76% and 44% for catchments subjected to direct human interventions, with the prevalence of non‐stationary Qmax and Qmin series generally increasing in tandem with the degree of human interventions. These findings provide valuable quantitative insights into the extent of hydrologic extreme alterations caused by human activities and emphasize the need for adaptive measures to mitigate direct human impacts on the hydrological system.
Diel Vertical Migrators Respond to Short‐Term Upwelling Events
Authors: Sato Mei , Benoit‐Bird Kelly J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPelagic organisms inhabiting coastal upwelling regions face a high risk of advection away from the nearshore productive habitat, potentially leading to mortality. We explored how animals remain in a productive yet highly advective environment in the Northern California Current System using the cabled observatory system located off the Oregon coast. Acoustic scatterers consistent with swimbladder‐bearing fish were only present during the downwelling season as these animals avoided the cold waters associated with strong upwelling conditions in summer and fall. Fish responded to short‐term upwelling events by increasing the frequency of diel vertical migration. Throughout the study, their vertical positions corresponded to the depth of minimum cross‐shelf transport, providing a mechanism for retention. The observed behavioral response highlights the importance of studying ecological processes at short timescales and the abilities of pelagic organisms to control their horizontal distributions through fine‐tuned diel vertical migration in response to upwelling.
New Evidence of Late Quaternary Tectonic Activity Along the Eastern Margin of the Qaidam Basin
Authors: Bao Guodong , Ren Zhikun , Ha Guanghao , Liu Jinrui , Zhang Zhiliang , Zhu Xiaoxiao , Wu Dengyun , Ji Haomin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe tectonic deformation on the eastern margin of the Qaidam Basin, which has preserved complete sedimentary records, significantly influences the evolutionary model of the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. However, the deformation history in this area during the Holocene remains unclear. This study is based on the high‐precision digital elevation model obtained through drone mapping technology, which identifies three active faults on the eastern margin of the Qaidam Basin: the Xiariha Fault (XRHF) and Yingdeerkang Fault Yingdeerkang Fault (YKF) are NW‒SE‐orientated dextral faults, whereas the Reshui‐Taosituohe Fault (RTF) is a nearly east‒west‐orientated sinistral fault. Based on the optically stimulated luminescence dating of the landform surfaces, the rates of strike‐slip offset are as follows: those of the XRHF range from 1.12 ± 0.07 to 1.68 ± 0.12 mm/yr and those of the YKF are from 0.99 ± 0.06 to 2.29 ± 0.13 mm/yr. Recent paleoseismic events occurred along the RTF at approximately 714–1,792 years BP and at 700 ± 18 years BP, implying a recurring millennial pattern. Together, these faults possibly form a complex cross‐fault system along the southeastern edge of the basin, heightening seismic risk. Deformation in the western part of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau is driven by slip on the Altyn Tagh Fault and compression in the Qaidam Basin. The central part experiences slip on the East Kunlun Fault, along with secondary faults, shortening, and block rotation. The eastern part primarily experiences slip along the Haiyuan Fault.
Risk for diagnosis or treatment of mood or anxiety disorders in adults after SARS-CoV-2 infection, 2020–2022
Authors: Wang Christina X. , Kohli Rhea , Olaker Veronica R. , Terebuh Pauline , Xu Rong , Kaelber David C. , Davis Pamela B. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCOVID-19 is associated with increased risks for mood or anxiety disorders, but it remains uncertain how the association evolves over time or which patient groups are most affected. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using a nationwide database of electronic health records to determine the risk of depressive or anxiety disorder diagnoses after SARS-CoV-2 infection by 3-month blocks from January 2020 to April 2022. The study population comprised 822,756 patients (51.8% female; mean age 42.8 years) with COVID-19 and 2,034,353 patients with other respiratory tract infections (RTIs) (53.5% female, mean age 30.6 years). First time diagnoses of depressive or anxiety disorders 14 days to 3 months after infection, as well as new or new plus recurrent prescriptions of antidepressants or anxiolytics, were compared between propensity score matched cohorts using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, including hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Risk of a new diagnosis or prescription was also stratified by age, sex, and race to better characterize which groups were most affected. In the first three months of the pandemic, patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 had significantly increased risk of depression or anxiety disorder diagnosis (HR 1.65 [95% CI, 1.30-2.08]). October 2021 to January 2022 (HR, 1.12 [95% CI, 1.06–1.18]) and January to April 2022 (HR, 1.08 [95% CI, 1.01–1.14]). Similar temporal patterns were observed for antidepressant and anxiolytic prescriptions, when the control group was patients with bone fracture, when anxiety and depressive disorders were considered separately, when recurrent depressive disorder was tested, and when the test period was extended to 6 months. COVID-19 patients ≥65 years old demonstrated greatest absolute risk at the start of the pandemic (6.8%), which remained consistently higher throughout the study period (HR, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.13–1.27]), and overall, women with COVID-19 had greater risk than men (HR 1.35 [95% CI 1.30–1.40]).
COVID-19 impact on overweight and obesity rates in Aotearoa | New Zealand 4-year-old children
Authors: Schluter Philip J. , Ahuriri-Driscoll Annabel , Mohammed Jalal , Singh Sheetalpreet 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
COVID-19 has had profound societal impacts. This study estimated overweight, obesity, and extreme obesity rates in 4-year-old children over pre- and post-COVID-19 periods, and investigated differential changes between sex, ethnic and deprivation groups.

Methods
A national screening programme of 4-year-old children undertaking B4 School Checks (B4SCs) between 1 January 2010 and 7 March 2023 was analysed. B4SCs include anthropometric measurements enabling sex-specific body mass index-for-age Z-scores (BMI z-scores) to be derived. Children with ≥85th, ≥95th, and ≥99.7th percentile BMI z-scores were classified as overweight, obese, and extremely obese.

Results
The eligible sample included 656,038 children (48.8% girls). Overall, 210,492 (32.1%) children were overweight, 95,196 (14.5%) obese, and 19,926 (3.0%) extremely obese. While decreasing in the pre-COVID-19 period, annual prevalence estimates for overweight, obese, and extremely obese significantly (all p < 0.001) increased in the year after COVID-restrictions were implemented. However, after three years, overweight and obese prevalence estimates were no different to pre-COVID levels overall or stratified by sex for ethnicity and deprivation groups. Extreme obesity prevalence estimates also decreased but remained higher than pre-COVID levels.

Conclusion
The sharp and steep increases in prevalence estimates all dampened relatively quickly. The question remains whether these rates will continue to decrease in time.

Impact

Compared to pre-COVID-19 estimates, the prevalence of overweight, obesity and extreme obesity significantly and substantially increased for 4-year-old children in the immediate post-COVID-19 period.

These post-COVID-19 prevalence estimates dampened relatively quickly, returning to pre-COVID-19 rates for overweight and obesity after 3 years.

Inequities between ethnic and social deprivation groups in overweight and obesity prevalence estimates remained similar between pre- and post-COVID-19 periods.
Transcription factor Sp1 transcriptionally enhances GSDME expression for pyroptosis
Authors: Pan Jiasong , Li Yuanyuan , Gao Wenqing , Jiang Qizhou , Geng Lu , Ding Jin , Li Suhua , Li Jixi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGasdermin-E (GSDME), the executioner of pyroptosis when cleaved by caspase 3, plays a crucial role in tumor defense and the response to chemotherapy drugs in cells. So far, there are poorly known mechanisms for the expression regulation of GSDME during cell death. Here, we identify the transcription factor Sp1 (Specificity protein 1) as a positive regulator of GSDME-mediated pyroptosis. Sp1 directly interacts with the GSDME promoter at −36 ~ −28 site and promotes GSDME gene transcription. Further, Sp1 knockdown or inhibition suppresses GSDME expression, thus reducing chemotherapy drugs (topotecan, etoposide, doxorubicin, sorafinib and cisplatin) induced cell pyroptosis. The regulation process synergizes with STAT3 (Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) activity and antagonizes with DNA methylation but barely affects GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis or TNF-induced necroptosis. Our current finding reveals a new regulating mechanism of GSDME expression, which may be a viable target for the intervention of GSDME-dependent inflammatory diseases and cancer therapy.
High crosstalk suppression in InGaAs/InP single-photon avalanche diode arrays by carrier extraction structure
Authors: Tang Yongsheng , Wang Rui , Yang Xiaohong , He Tingting , Liu Yijun , Zhao Meng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCrosstalk has become an urgent issue for single-photon avalanche diode arrays. In previous work, trenches were introduced between pixels to block the crosstalk optical path in planar InGaAs/InP single-photon avalanche diode arrays, since the optical crosstalk was considered as the main crosstalk mechanism. However, the crosstalk suppression effect of this solution is not satisfactory. Here, we demonstrate a carrier extraction structure to efficiently reduce crosstalk by electrically guiding photogenerated crosstalk holes in the non-pixel region to the surface, since we find that the optical-electrical crosstalk is the dominant crosstalk mechanism. Experimental measurements show that a narrow carrier extraction structure makes a 91.52% (96.22%) crosstalk reduction between the nearest neighbor pixels in arrays with 100 (50) μm pixel pitch, and it does not cause any etching damage. These results reveal the primary source of crosstalk in InGaAs/InP single-photon avalanche diode arrays and provide a practical route to fabricate low-crosstalk, high-pixel-density arrays for use in high-resolution three-dimensional imaging and quantum technologies.
Soluble and multivalent Jag1 DNA origami nanopatterns activate Notch without pulling force
Authors: Smyrlaki Ioanna , Fördős Ferenc , Rocamonde-Lago Iris , Wang Yang , Shen Boxuan , Lentini Antonio , Luca Vincent C. , Reinius Björn , Teixeira Ana I. , Högberg Björn 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe Notch signaling pathway has fundamental roles in embryonic development and in the nervous system. The current model of receptor activation involves initiation via a force-induced conformational change. Here, we define conditions that reveal pulling force-independent Notch activation using soluble multivalent constructs. We treat neuroepithelial stem-like cells with molecularly precise ligand nanopatterns displayed from solution using DNA origami. Notch signaling follows with clusters of Jag1, and with chimeric structures where most Jag1 proteins are replaced by other binders not targeting Notch. Our data rule out several confounding factors and suggest a model where Jag1 activates Notch upon prolonged binding without appearing to need a pulling force. These findings reveal a distinct mode of activation of Notch and lay the foundation for the development of soluble agonists.
The ZmWAKL–ZmWIK–ZmBLK1–ZmRBOH4 module provides quantitative resistance to gray leaf spot in maize
Authors: Zhong Tao , Zhu Mang , Zhang Qianqian , Zhang Yan , Deng Suining , Guo Chenyu , Xu Ling , Liu Tingting , Li Yancong , Bi Yaqi , Fan Xingming , Balint-Kurti Peter , Xu Mingliang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGray leaf spot (GLS), caused by the fungal pathogens Cercospora zeae-maydis and Cercospora zeina, is a major foliar disease of maize worldwide (Zea mays L.). Here we demonstrate that ZmWAKL encoding cell-wall-associated receptor kinase-like protein is the causative gene at the major quantitative disease resistance locus against GLS. The ZmWAKLY protein, encoded by the resistance allele, can self-associate and interact with a leucine-rich repeat immune-related kinase ZmWIK on the plasma membrane. The ZmWAKLY/ZmWIK receptor complex interacts with and phosphorylates the receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase (RLCK) ZmBLK1, which in turn phosphorylates its downstream NADPH oxidase ZmRBOH4. Upon pathogen infection, ZmWAKLY phosphorylation activity is transiently increased, initiating immune signaling from ZmWAKLY, ZmWIK, ZmBLK1 to ZmRBOH4, ultimately triggering a reactive oxygen species burst. Our study thus uncovers the role of the maize ZmWAKL–ZmWIK–ZmBLK1–ZmRBOH4 receptor/signaling/executor module in perceiving the pathogen invasion, transducing immune signals, activating defense responses and conferring increased resistance to GLS.
Content-aware frame interpolation (CAFI): deep learning-based temporal super-resolution for fast bioimaging
Authors: Priessner Martin , Gaboriau David C. A. , Sheridan Arlo , Lenn Tchern , Garzon-Coral Carlos , Dunn Alexander R. , Chubb Jonathan R. , Tousley Aidan M. , Majzner Robbie G. , Manor Uri , Vilar Ramon , Laine Romain F. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe development of high-resolution microscopes has made it possible to investigate cellular processes in 3D and over time. However, observing fast cellular dynamics remains challenging because of photobleaching and phototoxicity. Here we report the implementation of two content-aware frame interpolation (CAFI) deep learning networks, Zooming SlowMo and Depth-Aware Video Frame Interpolation, that are highly suited for accurately predicting images in between image pairs, therefore improving the temporal resolution of image series post-acquisition. We show that CAFI is capable of understanding the motion context of biological structures and can perform better than standard interpolation methods. We benchmark CAFI’s performance on 12 different datasets, obtained from four different microscopy modalities, and demonstrate its capabilities for single-particle tracking and nuclear segmentation. CAFI potentially allows for reduced light exposure and phototoxicity on the sample for improved long-term live-cell imaging. The models and the training and testing data are available via the ZeroCostDL4Mic platform.
Chemically reacted blood Cu O nanofluid flow through a non-Darcy porous media with radially varying viscosity
Authors: Ouaf Mahmoud E. , Abouzeid M. Y. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe study investigates the flow of a Newtonian Cu O nanofluid through a non-Darcy porous medium with radially varying viscosity, which is crucial for various industries such as pharmaceuticals, chemicals, nuclear, solar, and solar technologies. The peristaltic motion of the nanofluid is studied with thermal radiation and chemical reaction effects, and the viscosity varies with both radius and axial coordinates. The study assumes low Reynolds and long wavelength assumptions and uses the homotopy perturbation technique to obtain a semi-analytical solution of velocity, temperature, nanoparticle concentration, and skin friction. The results show that axial velocity increases with the increase of slip velocity and viscosity parameters, while wave amplitude and chemical reaction parameters increase while nanoparticle concentration decreases. High viscosity parameters allow fluid nanoparticles to gain more active energy and move more freely, which is the main idea behind crude oil refinement. This physical modeling is essential for physiological flows, such as stomach juice flow during endoscope insertion.
Numerical study on the characteristics of roadway failure and instability in coal seam with rock parting
Authors: Zhang Heng , Zhang Yu-Geng , Liu Guang-Jian , Zhu Ya-Wei , Ji Xian-Jun , Cao Wen-Hao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn order to explore the mechanism of rockburst in coal seam with rock parting, a combination of on-site and numerical experiment is used to study the failure and instability process, crack propagation mechanism, and influencing factors. The following four points were addressed: (1) the instability is a process that roadway in coal seam with rock parting go through from stable locking in the initial stress unloading stage to slipping unlocking, and then to spatter ejection in slipping dynamic load disturbance stage. (2) The fracture development caused by unloading excavation of coal seam with rock parting will change from shear crack to tensile crack. In this process, coal-rock contact surface slip and coal-rock fracture are coupled with each other. (3) The greater the mining depth is, the greater the lateral pressure coefficient is, and the higher the rockburst risk is. On the contrary, the lower the risk of rockburst. (4) When choosing the support form of roadway in coal seam with rock parting, the two supporting forms of bolting (cable) and supplementary masonry support should be preferred. The results enrich the theory of the dynamics of surrounding rock fracture in coal mine, further clarify the potential dangers to mining-area roadways and working faces, and provide technical information to ensure the safe and efficient mining of bifurcated coal seam.
Central autonomic network and early prognosis in patients with disorders of consciousness
Authors: Riganello Francesco , Vatrano Martina , Cortese Maria Daniela , Tonin Paolo , Soddu Andrea 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe central autonomic network (CAN) plays a crucial role in modulating the autonomic nervous system. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a valuable marker for assessing CAN function in disorders of consciousness (DOC) patients. We used HRV analysis for early prognosis in 58 DOC patients enrolled within ten days of hospitalization. They underwent a five-minute electrocardiogram during baseline and acoustic/visual stimulation. The coma recovery scale-revised (CRS-R) was used to define the patient’s consciousness level and categorize the good/bad outcome at three months. The high-frequency Power Spectrum Density and the standard deviation of normal-to-normal peaks in baseline, the sample entropy during the stimulation, and the time from injury features were used in the support vector machine analysis (SVM) for outcome prediction. The SVM predicted the patients’ outcome with an accuracy of 96% in the training test and 100% in the validation test, underscoring its potential to provide crucial clinical information about prognosis.