bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Quantitative Basis for Intersource Differences in Tracer Concentrations for Accurate Sediment Source Fingerprinting
Authors: Dai Wei , Dang Tianmin , Zeng Yi , Wang Nanqiu , Zong Renjie , Ni Lingshan , Fang Nufang , Shi Zhihua 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSediment source fingerprinting provides support for targeted soil erosion control and land degradation mitigation. Tracer selection and source classification are the main considerations in this approach. However, the impact of tracer concentration divergences among different sediment sources on the accuracy of source apportionment remains uncertain and has not been quantitatively investigated. Here, artificial and virtual mixtures were created to explore the impact of low and high source differences on the accuracy of relative source apportionment. Additionally, global geochemical property data based on different source classification methods were collected to analyze the reliability of source classification. The results reveal that as the difference in tracer concentration between sources decreases (from 30% to 2%), the accuracy of source apportionment significantly decreased, with the mean absolute error (MAE) ranging from 5.9% to 60.1%. Furthermore, a relative deviation in tracer concentration > 10% between sources is suggested for reliable source classifications. Notably, approximately 40% of the existing papers exhibit potential issues due to low tracer concentration divergences between sources. The adoption of sediment source classification based on land use should be cautiously approached until tracer concentration divergences among major sources are examined. For catchments lacking long‐term stable vegetation, source classification methods based on geological properties are recommended. Finally, we recommend the consideration of clustering methods or alterative tracers for specific study areas to improve the accuracy of sediment fingerprinting.
Ultra‐Flat Broadband Low‐Noise Frequency Comb in a Fiber Fabry‐Perot Resonator
Authors: Li Tieying , Chen Jianping , Wu Kan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA low‐noise microcomb with a flat and broadband spectrum is highly desired for various applications, including spectroscopy, sensing, and communications. However, both dissipative Kerr solitons (DKSs) and platicons have limitations in spectrum flatness due to their sech‐shaped profile or peaks of dispersive waves. In this study, an ultra‐flat and broadband microcomb are presented in a fiber Fabry‐Perot (F‐P) resonator. By optimizing the group velocity dispersion (GVD) and third‐order dispersion (TOD), an ultra‐flat low‐noise comb spectrum is obtained with a −1 dB bandwidth of up to 58 nm and a −30 dB bandwidth of 190 nm. Additionally, a method to control the contribution of the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) effect by adjusting the desynchronization frequency to meet the phase‐matching condition is proposed. With the contribution from SRS, the −30 dB bandwidth is further extended to 230 nm with more than 7700 comb lines. Furthermore, a detailed investigation is conducted on the interaction among GVD, TOD, SRS, and Kerr nonlinearity, revealing the generation mechanism of such an ultra‐flat broadband comb spectrum. The work will provide valuable insights for the advancement of dispersion‐engineered resonators and further stimulate the study of the effects of SRS in fiber and integrated resonators are anticipated.
Ultrafast Photonic PCR with All‐Solution‐Processed Ti3C2Tx‐Based Perfect Absorbers
Authors: Lee Seho , Alsaadi Abdulrahman , Hassan Tufail , Chung Kyungwha , Kim Seongryeong , Barulin Aleksandr , Cho Gyoujin , Koo Chong Min , Kim Inki 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPolymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a critical tool for nucleic acid amplification in molecular diagnosis and genetic analysis. Point‐of‐care (POC) devices are essential for controlling the spread of infectious diseases, but developing cost‐effective chip‐based PCR systems remains a challenge. This study introduces a photonic PCR chip featuring a perfect metamaterial absorber made of Ti3C2Tx MXene, silicon dioxide (SiO2), and gold nanoparticles (GNP) in a metal‐insulator‐metal (MIM) configuration. Fabricated via a solution‐processing approach, the absorber demonstrates 98% light absorption without the need for expensive lithographic methods. Utilizing a 940 nm infrared (IR) LED, the chip achieves efficient photothermal effects with heating rates of ≈8.3 °C s⁻¹ and cooling rates of ≈7.2 °C s⁻¹ during 30 cycles of λ‐DNA and SARS‐CoV‐2 amplification, transitioning from 65 °C to 95 °C. The low cost and high efficiency of the MXene‐based metamaterial absorbers highlight their potential as key components for ultrafast, energy‐efficient molecular diagnostic chips suitable for on‐site applications.
Monolithic Spin‐Multiplexing Metalens for Dual‐Functional Imaging
Authors: Xing Zhenyu , Lin Zhelin , Liu Niu , Gao Hao , Hu Yuhui , Liu Zeyang , Jiang Zijian , Zhang Xinliang , Zhang Cheng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOptical microscopic imaging technology is an essential tool for exploring and understanding the microcosmic realm. Among various imaging modes, bright‐field and spiral‐phase‐contrast imaging are widely used, each capable of extracting distinct morphological information from target objects. However, conventional microscopic imaging devices and systems typically operate in a single mode or require additional modules for mode switching. Here, we present a monolithic photonic spin‐multiplexing metalens operating in the red and near‐infrared regions, which leverages a spin‐multiplexed point spread function to seamlessly switch between bright‐field and spiral‐phase‐contrast imaging modes by simply adjusting the spin state of illumination light. The device demonstrates operational efficiency of up to 80% and imaging resolution better than 4.4 µm (228 lp mm−1) in both modes. The metalens's dual‐functional imaging performance is validated with both amplitude‐type (custom‐made metallic patterns) and phase‐type (frog tongue epithelium cells and onion epidermal cells) objects. This work provides a viable solution for compact, lightweight, and easily switchable multi‐functional microscopic imaging systems, opening new avenues for applications in biomedical imaging, clinical diagnostics, and material characterization.
Hierarchical Self‐Assembly of Short Peptides: Nanostructure Formation, Function Tailoring, and Applications
Authors: Li Liangchun , Zheng Renlin , Sun Rongqin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis article explores the hierarchical self‐assembly of short peptides, which refers to the structured spatial arrangements of these molecules over long distances. This phenomenon is commonly found in nature and has important implications for biological structure and function. Short peptides are preferred for self‐assembly because they have the ability to spontaneously create various nanostructures. This process, known as bottom‐up assembly, allows for the addition of functional groups at the carboxyl or amine ends of the peptides. These functional groups enable specific functions that are extremely valuable in the fields of biotechnology and biomedicine. This text discusses the basic processes involved in the self‐assembly of short peptides, such as the characteristics of amino acid side chains, the categorization of short peptides according to their chemical structure, the influence of intermolecular forces, and the dynamic nature of the self‐assembly process. In addition, the paper discusses the various uses of short peptides in the disciplines of biomedicine and optoelectronics, including stimulus‐responsive hydrogels, tissue engineering, and drug delivery. The article also suggests rational design principles for controlling the hierarchical self‐assembly of short peptides, creating new commercial applications, particularly with functional hydrogels, and offers insights into the future of the discipline.
Private Equity in Otolaryngology: What Is the Impact on Medicare Payments?
Authors: Dongre Roshan , Khan Najm S. , Khan Faizaan , Rashidi Keyvon , Majeethia Heli , Somawardana Isuru , Vrabec Jeffrey T. , Takashima Masayoshi , Ahmed Omar G. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to assess whether private equity (PE) acquisitions of otolaryngology–head and neck surgery (OHNS) practices are associated with changes in Medicare payments and procedure volume.Study DesignA cross‐sectional study.SettingPitchBook and the Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment Data File.MethodsPE acquisitions of OHNS practices were determined using the PitchBook database and linked to the 2016‐2022 Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment Data File based on practice address. Non‐PE practices were included as control if located in a state where an acquisition occurred, with the index point corresponding to the year of acquisition. Medicare payments for all procedures were totaled and averaged. PE‐affiliated and non‐PE‐affiliated practices were compared before and after the acquisition.ResultsA total of 9 acquisitions of OHNS practices across 7 states were identified. Pre‐acquisition, PE‐affiliated otolaryngologists performed more procedures per year (1289 vs 1006, P < .001) compared to their non‐PE counterparts, with average payments per procedure of $92.8 versus $91.36 (P = .398), respectively. Post‐acquisition, PE‐affiliated otolaryngologists performed more procedures per year (1166 procedures vs 950, P = .015) compared to their non‐PE counterparts, with average payments of $105.2 versus $91.3 (P < .001), respectively.ConclusionPE‐acquired OHNS practices had increases in average Medicare payments per procedure after acquisition with minimal changes in procedure volumes. In addition, PE firms had a greater number of procedures in both periods. This finding suggests that PE may emphasize both performing high‐payout procedures and investing in high‐volume practices, although this can be firm‐dependent.
Enhanced healability and weldability properties of vitrimers: Review article
Authors: Amin Omar , Ramzy Amna , Abou‐Elmagd Wael S. I. , Abdellatif Mohamed Hazem 
Published: January 2025

AbstractVitrimers are developed as a further step towards improving sustainable networked polymers which can be reprocessed while having crosslinks at the same time. However, several competing factors jeopardize and actually manipulate claimed benefits of crosslinking. This review discusses different enhanced properties including chemical, rheological, and mechanical properties that are reported in the literature. In addition, it presents opposite non‐common properties resulted from crosslinking. Moreover, reprocessing and healing methods and efficiencies are reported and discussed.Highlights
After crosslinking, competing factors may result in better or worse properties.
Recyclability and Healability provide sustainable crosslinked polymers.
Vitrimers offer better welding for incompatible polymers.
Mapping the Partial Shading Degradation in a Monolithically Integrated Perovskite Module
Authors: Aninat Remi , Bakker Klaas , Henzel Jonathan , Zardetto Valerio , Dogan Ilker , Gevaerts Veronique , Veenstra Sjoerd , Theelen Mirjam 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAmong reliability studies on perovskite photovoltaics (PV) cells and modules, partial shading degradation is a crucial and under‐investigated topic. In the present work, we use a combination of mapping electroluminescence (EL), photoluminescence (PL), and illuminated lock‐in thermography (ILIT) to gain insight into the reverse bias degradation mechanisms induced by partial shading on a monolithically interconnected module. Spatial inhomogeneities across the cell length are shown to play an important role in the degradation. A perovskite module was subjected to partial shading, causing, in the lower region of the shaded cells, a PL signal intensity increase and EL decrease. We suggest the formation of a barrier at one of the perovskite/transport layer interfaces, preventing both carrier extraction in PL and carrier injection in EL. A simple model for the current flow in the presence of the barrier can satisfactorily explain the EL, PL, and ILIT behavior and point to some possible propagation mechanisms. In summary, we show that studying partial shading degradation at module level draws a more complex and realistic picture of the interplay between material and electrical parameters than cell‐level studies. We also demonstrate that luminescent and thermal imaging techniques can be combined to draw meaningful conclusions on the degradation mechanisms, their formation, and propagation.
Metaproteomics Beyond Databases: Addressing the Challenges and Potentials of De Novo Sequencing
Authors: Van Den Bossche Tim , Beslic Denis , van Puyenbroeck Sam , Suomi Tomi , Holstein Tanja , Martens Lennart , Elo Laura L. , Muth Thilo 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTMetaproteomics enables the large‐scale characterization of microbial community proteins, offering crucial insights into their taxonomic composition, functional activities, and interactions within their environments. By directly analyzing proteins, metaproteomics offers insights into community phenotypes and the roles individual members play in diverse ecosystems. Although database‐dependent search engines are commonly used for peptide identification, they rely on pre‐existing protein databases, which can be limiting for complex, poorly characterized microbiomes. De novo sequencing presents a promising alternative, which derives peptide sequences directly from mass spectra without requiring a database. Over time, this approach has evolved from manual annotation to advanced graph‐based, tag‐based, and deep learning‐based methods, significantly improving the accuracy of peptide identification. This Viewpoint explores the evolution, advantages, limitations, and future opportunities of de novo sequencing in metaproteomics. We highlight recent technological advancements that have improved its potential for detecting unsequenced species and for providing deeper functional insights into microbial communities.
Transfer of the Oral Gonadotropin‐Releasing Hormone Receptor Antagonist Relugolix Into Breast Milk of Healthy Lactating Women
Authors: Brimhall Darin B. , Chen Yu‐Luan , Lee Sarah , Yoshida Kazumasa , Ufer Mike 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTRelugolix is an oral gonadotropin‐releasing hormone receptor antagonist that suppresses sex steroid hormones and is approved as monotherapy for prostate cancer and as a fixed‐dose combination with estradiol/norethindrone for the treatment of endometriosis and uterine fibroids. The aim of this postmarketing study was to determine the pharmacokinetics and quantify the amount of relugolix excreted into breast milk of healthy lactating women. Following a single, oral dose of 40 mg relugolix, breast milk was sampled over 120 h. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined, including the cumulative amount of relugolix excreted into breast milk to derive the total infant dose. The safety and tolerability of relugolix were also assessed. Eight healthy lactating women were enrolled and completed the study per protocol. Relugolix was safe and well tolerated based on adverse events and other safety data. It was excreted into breast milk with a median time to peak concentration (tmax) of 5.81 h and a geometric mean peak concentration (Cmax) of 15.7 ng/mL, similar to corresponding plasma data from previous clinical studies. The mean cumulative amount of relugolix excreted was 0.0051 mg over 24 h and 0.0067 mg over 120 h, corresponding to 0.0128% and 0.0167% of the maternal dose, respectively. The body weight‐adjusted relative daily infant dose of approximately 0.25% suggests a 400‐fold lower newborn than maternal relugolix exposure. Relevant effects of relugolix on the breastfed child appear unlikely given its limited excretion into breast milk of lactating women but cannot be fully excluded in the absence of infant safety data.
Identification of the CYPome associated with acetamiprid resistance based on the chromosome‐level genome of Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagnall) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)
Authors: Pang Rui , Wang Jiabin , Li Haolong , Zhong Zichun , Li Zhongsheng , Qiu Bo , Zhou Chenyan , Ali Shaukat , Wu Jianhui 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe bean flower thrips, Megalurothrips usitatus, poses a great threat to cowpea and other legume cultivars. Chemical insecticides have been applied to control M. usitatus, but have resulted in little profit because of the rapid evolution of insecticide resistance. To characterize the potential insecticide resistance mechanisms in M. usitatus, we sequenced and assembled a chromosome‐level genome of M. usitatus by combining PacBio sequencing and Hi‐C technology using a susceptible population.RESULTSThe genome size was 248.60 Mb and contained 14 128 protein‐coding genes. The expansion genes of M. usitatus were enriched in the functional categories of heme binding and monooxygenase activity. We further identified 103 cytochrome P450 genes from the M. usitatus genome, 33 of which belonged to the CYP6 family. Ten CYP6 genes were significantly overexpressed in an acetamiprid‐resistant population of M. usitatus. An RNA interference bioassay showed that knockdown of CYP6FW1, CYP6GM5, CYP6GM6, and CYP6GM7 significantly reduced acetamiprid resistance in the resistant population. In addition, the expression of all four genes could be induced by acetamiprid exposure. AlphaFold2‐based homology modeling and molecular docking analysis showed that the proteins with relevance to acetamiprid resistance had relatively lower binding free energy with the acetamiprid molecule.CONCLUSIONThis study provides a reference genome and gene resources for future studies on the evolution of M. usitatus and related pest species, and highlights the importance of cytochrome P450s in insecticide resistance in this pest insect. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Students' behavioural, cognitive and affective outcomes in gamified flipped classrooms: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Sun Xinlei , Sailer Maximilian 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study aims to illustrate the effects of gamified flipped classrooms (GFC) on students' behavioural, cognitive and affective outcomes in formal educational settings. Based on the PRISMA reporting guidelines, we systematically identified and screened articles from five databases: Web of Science, Scopus, Wiley Online Library, ProQuest and ERIC. Finally, 21 effect sizes from 13 articles on behavioural outcomes, 38 effect sizes from 19 articles on cognitive outcomes and 16 effect sizes from 11 articles on affective outcomes were included in this study. Then, we use CMA 3.0 software to conduct the meta‐analysis for the selected articles. The calculated effect sizes indicate that GFC had a more positive effect on students' behavioural, cognitive and affective outcomes compared to traditional lectures. Using a random effects model, we calculated two statistically significant medium overall effect sizes—Cohen's d = 0.409 for the behavioural outcome, Cohen's d = 0.400 for the affective outcome—and a statistically significant small overall effect size—Cohen's d = 0.285 for the cognitive outcome. In addition, through the publication bias test, we did not find that this study was threatened by publication bias. Moderator variable analysis demonstrated that year of publication, region, educational level, subject, treatment (intervention) duration, and learning environment were significant variables influencing the effects of GFC on behavioural, cognitive and affective outcomes. Overall, the results of this study suggest that GFC significantly improved students' behavioural, cognitive and affective outcomes.
Context and implicationsRationale for this study: This study aims to explore the effects of GFC on learning outcomes, as there is a lack of sufficient prior research evidence to prove this.Why the new findings matter: As the first meta‐analysis clarifying the effects of GFC on all three domains of learning outcomes, it fills a gap in meta‐analyses on this topic.Implications for educational researchers and practitioners: This study points the way for educational researchers and practitioners who apply GFC in the classroom. Researchers can explore more research topics based on the results of this study, such as investigating the influence mechanism of GFC on three different domains of learning outcomes respectively. In addition, this study provides effective references and promising results for future instructional design and educational practice.
Dynamic Event‐Triggered Fixed‐Time Coordinated Control of Nonlinear Multi‐Agent Systems With General Directed Topologies
Authors: Xia Yaping , Kuang Weicheng , Li Haodong 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study extends the dynamic event‐triggered fixed‐time consensus results of nonlinear multi‐agent systems (NMASs) from undirected graphs to general directed graphs. Three novel distributed dynamic event‐triggered control (ETC) protocols are proposed. Instead of a constant, a dynamic threshold is introduced in the triggering function. The proposed controllers, along with their triggering conditions, can ensure fewer trigger times and controller updates, resulting in lower energy consumption. To avoid continuous communication between agents, a new triggering mechanism is further proposed in this paper. Furthermore, it is shown that the triggered time sequence does not exhibit Zeno behavior. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed dynamic ETC mechanism is verified by three examples.
Rational Pore Design in Multivariate Metal‐Organic Frameworks for C2H6/C2H4 Separation
Authors: Park Jihyun , Oh Kwang Hyun , Kang Shinyoung , Ha Junsu , Lee Seungjin , Kim Jihan , Bae Youn‐Sang , Moon Hoi Ri 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe arrangement of pores within the framework plays a crucial role in the gas separation and adsorption of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), determining their overall performance. In this study, the impact on gas separation efficiency is compared using two multivariate MOF (MTV‐MOF) systems with controlled pore arrangements. These systems employ two types of ligands with differing bulkiness: one is the core‐shell MOF composite (CSMOF), sequentially synthesized with the bulkier ligand located at the shell, and the other is the mixed‐linker MOF (MLMOF), synthesized via a one‐pot reaction. Interestingly, in MLMOFs, it is confirmed that the distribution of bulky ligands increases gradually from the center to the surface, rather than being randomly distributed, forming a framework with finely tuned pores. MLMOFs exhibit a high C2H6/C2H4 ideal adsorption solution theory (IAST) selectivity of 2.25 due to the overall distribution of alkoxy chains that can form multiple interaction sites with C2H6. Breakthrough experiments demonstrate that MLMOF enables the effective separation of C2H6/C2H4 mixtures, achieving the productivity of 19.7 L kg−1 for high‐purity C2H4 (>99.9%) under dry conditions. This study indicates that pore space partitioning utilizing MTV‐MOFs can be effectively applied to maximize performance in specific gas separations.