bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond the iron mask: Towards better recognition and treatment of depression associated with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Burn David J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis review examines the frequency of depression complicating Parkinson's disease (PD), its aetiology and clinical features, and also how it may be recognised and treated. Studies investigating the frequency of depression in PD have yielded figures ranging between 2.7% and 70%. Methodological differences account for much of the disparity. The aetiology of depression in PD is complex, and probably relates to both biological and exogenous factors. Dysfunction of multiple neurotransmitter systems, including the serotonergic system, may be involved. Mood disturbances resulting from deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus may provide a fruitful area for future research, and assist our understanding of the neural networks involved in mediating depression. Several recent studies have confirmed that depression in the PD patient is a major determinant of quality of life and that this is closely related to dysfunction in other clinically important health areas. The validity for many existing scales in the screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of depression in the PD patient has not been established. The Montgomery‐Åsberg Depression Rating Scale and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression appear to have good diagnostic sensitivity and specificity when compared with DSM‐IV criteria. Recommendations for the optimal drug treatment of depression in PD are difficult to give, due to an inexplicable dearth of sizeable, placebo‐controlled studies. A majority of physicians would probably now opt for a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor in the depressed PD patient. There is no good evidence that these drugs are associated with a worsening of motor features, but they should probably not be coprescribed with selegiline, because of the risk of causing a potentially serious serotonin syndrome. Several studies have suggested that depression in the PD patient is associated with a more rapid deterioration in cognitive and motor functions, perhaps as a surrogate marker for more extensive brainstem cell loss. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Monosymptomatic resting tremor and Parkinson's disease: A multitracer positron emission tomographic study
Authors: Ghaemi Mehran , Raethjen Jan , Hilker Rüdiger , Rudolf Jobst , Sobesky Jan , Deuschl Günther , Heiss Wolf‐Dieter 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe sought to elucidate the relationship between monosymptomatic resting tremor (mRT) and Parkinson's disease (PD). We studied eight mRT patients (mean Hoehn and Yahr [H&Y], 1.1 ± 0.4), eight patients with PD (mean H&Y, 1.5 ± 0.8), who showed all three classic parkinsonian symptoms, and seven age‐matched healthy subjects. Subjects underwent cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and multitracer positron emission tomography (PET) with 6‐[18F]fluoro‐L‐dopa (F‐dopa), [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), and [11C]raclopride (RACLO). PD and mRT patients did not show significant differences in F‐dopa‐, RACLO‐, or FDG‐PET scans. In F‐dopa‐ and RACLO‐PET, significant differences between the pooled patient data and control subjects were found for the following regions: anterior and posterior putamen ipsilateral and contralateral to the more affected body side, and ipsilateral and contralateral putaminal gradients of the Ki values. Furthermore, we found a difference for the normalized glucose values of the whole cerebellum between the control group (0.94 ± 0.06) and PD patients (1.01 ± 0.04; P < 0.05) but not for the mRT group (0.97 ± 0.03). Our findings indicate that monosymptomatic resting tremor represents a phenotype of Parkinson's disease, with a nearly identical striatal dopaminergic deficit and postsynaptic D2‐receptor upregulation in both patient groups. We suggest that the cerebellar metabolic hyperactivity in PD is closer related to akinesia and rigidity rather than to tremor. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Impact of cervical dystonia on quality of life
Authors: Camfield Laura , Ben‐Shlomo Yoav , Warner Thomas T. ,   The Epidemiological Study of Dystonia in Europe (ESDE) Collaborative Group
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe studied the effect of cervical dystonia on quality of life in a cohort of 289 patients by using a generic health status measurement scale (SF36). Cervical dystonia had a significant negative impact on quality of life compared with age‐matched general population data. This negative impact was comparable to that seen in multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and stroke. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Long‐Term follow‐up of globus pallidus chronic stimulation in advanced Parkinson's disease
Authors: Durif Franck , Lemaire Jean‐Jacques , Debilly Bérengère , Dordain Gérard 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTo assess the long‐term follow‐up of the globus pallidus internus (GPi) stimulation, six patients were evaluated every year by using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). Three years postoperatively, GPi stimulation led to a significant improvement of dyskinesia severity (50%, P = 0.05) and activities of daily living (subscore of quality of life scale, 9%, P = 0.05). However, the improvement induced by chronic pallidal stimulation on the mean daily duration in the off state was lost at the last assessment. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Acupuncture therapy for the symptoms of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Shulman Lisa M. , Wen X. , Weiner William J. , Bateman Dinorah , Minagar Alireza , Duncan Robert , Konefal Janet 
Published: October 2002

AbstractInterest in alternative medical treatments, including acupuncture, is increasing. Alternative treatments must be subjected to the same objective standards as all medical treatments. A non‐blinded pilot study of the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of acupuncture (ACUPX) for the symptoms of (PD) was performed. Twenty PD patients (mean age, 68 years; disease duration, 8.5 years; Hoehn and Yahr [H&Y] stage, 2.2; Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale score [UPDRS], 38.7) each received acupuncture treatments by a licensed acupuncturist. All patients were treated with two acupuncture treatment sessions per week. The first seven patients received 10 treatments and the last 13 patients 16 treatments. Patients were evaluated before and after ACUPX with the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP); UPDRS; H&Y; Schwab and England (S&E); Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI); Beck Depression Inventory (BDI); quantitative motor tests, including timed evaluations of arm pronation supination movements, finger dexterity, finger movements between two fixed measured points, and the stand‐walk‐sit test; and a patient questionnaire designed for the study. Following ACUPX, there were no significant changes in the UPDRS, H&Y, S&E, BAI, BDI, quantitative motor tests, total SIP or the two SIP Dimension scores. Analysis of the 12 SIP categories not corrected for multiple comparisons revealed a post‐ACUPX improvement in the sleep and rest category only (P = 0.03). On the patient questionnaire, 85% of patients reported subjective improvement of individual symptoms including tremor, walking, handwriting, slowness, pain, sleep, depression, and anxiety. There were no adverse effects. ACUPX therapy is safe and well tolerated in PD patients. A range of PD and behavioral scales failed to show improvement following ACUPX other than sleep benefit, although patients reported other discrete symptomatic improvements. A broad battery of tests in PD patients suggested that ACUPX resulted in improvement of sleep and rest only. This finding needs to be verified using more in‐depth and controlled evaluation of ACUPX for PD‐related sleep disturbance. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Further evidence for an association of the Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) Met‐54 allele with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Carmine Andrea , Buervenich Silvia , Sydow Olof , Anvret Maria , Olson Lars 
Published: October 2002

AbstractParaoxonase1 (PON1) is an arylesterase mainly expressed in the liver that hydrolyzes organophosphates such as pesticides, reported risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD), and other neurotoxins. A Leu‐Met 54 polymorphism in the gene for PON1‐affecting enzyme activity was recently shown, employing a new restriction enzyme technique, to be associated with Parkinson's disease. We examined the same polymorphism by automated capillary sequencing in a sample of Caucasian subjects from the Stockholm area in Sweden (127 healthy individuals and 114 patients with PD) and found similar distributions and a similar difference in our sample. The genotype distribution in our PD material was LL 36.0%, LM 45.6%, and MM 18.4%; in our control material, it was LL 45.7%, LM 44.1%, and MM 10.2%. Based on the previously established increase in allele frequencies of the lower‐activity Met‐variant of PON1, we could confirm a significant association using a one‐sided χ2 test. Results remained significant with a two‐sided χ2 test, allowing for both increases and decreases in frequencies. Our data confirm an association between the PON1 Leu‐Met 54 polymorphism and PD by demonstrating a similar association. The distribution between familial and nonfamilial PD patients was equal. No other synonymous or nonsynonymous polymorphisms were found in the sequenced coding region of PON1. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Adult‐onset tic disorders
Authors: Eapen Valsamma , Lees Andrew J. , Lakke J.P.W.F. , Trimble Michael R. , Robertson Mary M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe report on 8 patients with adult‐onset motor tics and vocalisations. Three had compulsive tendencies in childhood and 3 had a family history of tics or obsessive–compulsive behaviour. In comparison with DSM‐classified, younger‐onset Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, adult‐onset tic disorders are more often associated with severe symptoms, greater social morbidity, a potential trigger event, increased sensitivity, and poorer response to neuroleptic medication. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK‐3) inhibitors as new promising drugs for diabetes, neurodegeneration, cancer, and inflammation
Authors: Martinez Ana , Castro Ana , Dorronsoro Isabel , Alonso Mercedes 
Published: October 2002

AbstractGlycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK‐3) was initially described as a key enzyme involved in glycogen metabolism, but is now known to regulate a diverse array of cell functions. Two forms of the enzyme, GSK‐3α and GSK‐3β, have been previously identified. Small molecules inhibitors of GSK‐3 may, therefore, have several therapeutic uses, including the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes type II, bipolar disorders, stroke, cancer, and chronic inflammatory disease. As there is lot of recent literature dealing with the involvement of GSK‐3 in the molecular pathways of different diseases, this review is mainly focused on the new GSK‐3 inhibitors discovered or specifically developed for this enzyme, their chemical structure, synthesis, and structure–activity relationships, with the aim to provide some clues for the future optimization of these promising drugs. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 22, No. 4, 373–384, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/med.10011
Microsurgical reconstruction of lower limb bone defects following tumor resection using vascularized fibula osteoseptocutaneous flap
Authors: El‐Gammal Tarek Abdalla , El‐Sayed Amr , Kotb Mohammed M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis study included 25 patients with lower limb tumors who had wide local resection and reconstruction by vascularized fibula osteoseptocutaneous flap, and who had their surgery performed at least 24 months before the end of the study. The average age at operation was 23.5 years. Twenty‐three tumors were malignant;16 were staged as high‐grade sarcomas (stage IIA, stage IIB, and Ewing's sarcoma). Tumor volume averaged 293.2 cc (range, 41.4–860). The resulting defect after tumor resection averaged 16 cm (range, 9–20 cm). The fibula was inserted as a single strut in 21 patients, and as a double‐barrel construct in 4 patients. Fixation was augmented by interlocking nail in 11 cases, bridge plate in 9 cases, and external fixator in 5 cases. Twenty‐four (96%) flaps survived. All grafts united in an average period of 4.5 months (range, 3–8 months) after transfer. Two secondary procedures were necessary to achieve graft union. Full weight bearing was possible after an average period of 7.5 months (range, 5–14 months). Significant hypertrophy (≥30% of original fibular diameter) occurred in 85% of patients after an average period of 10 months from the index operation. In the latest follow‐up radiographs (mean, 32 months), the degree of hypertrophy averaged 90% (range, 30–200%). Graft fracture occurred in three patients, and all healed conservatively. The Musculoskeletal Tumor Society rating score (MTSRS) averaged 21.2 points at the end of the first postoperative year, and 23.6 at the end of the study. © 2002 Wiley Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 22:193–198 2002
High‐permittivity dielectric resonator antenna excited by a rectangular waveguide
Authors: Leung K. W. , Lo H. Y. , So K. K. , Luk K. M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA low‐profile equilateral‐triangular dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) of very high permittivity (εr = 82) is excited with the use of a rectangular waveguide. It is found that the present configuration has a very wide impedance bandwidth of 11.4%, which is 3.8 times of that of the previous aperture‐coupled DRA. The return loss, radiation patterns, and antenna gain of the new configuration are investigated. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 157–158, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10401
Frequency‐adjustable circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna
Authors: Huang Chih‐Yu , Kuo Jieh‐Sen 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDesign of a microstrip‐line‐feed slot‐coupled cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) for circular polarization (CP) is investigated experimentally. The occurrence of the two orthogonal near‐degenerate resonant modes is mainly excited by a perturbed annular slot that is, a C‐shaped slot. The CP resonant frequency can be adjusted by using different slot sizes. Experimental results of the proposed C‐slot coupled DRA are presented and discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 211–213, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10419
Four new ursane‐type saponins from Morina nepalensis var. alba
Authors: Teng Rong Wei , Xie Hong Yan , Wang De Zu , Yang Chong Ren 
Published: October 2002

AbstractFour new ursane‐type saponins, monepalosides C–F, together with a known saponin, mazusaponin II, were isolated from Morina nepalensis var. alba Hand.‐Mazz. Their structures were determined to be 3‐O‐α‐L‐arabinopyranosyl‐(1 → 3)‐&&lsqb;alpha;‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1 → 2)]‐α‐L‐arabinopyranosylpomolic acid 28‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1 → 6)‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (monepaloside C, 1), 3‐O‐α‐L‐arabinopyranosyl‐(1 → 3)‐&&lsqb;alpha;‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1 → 2)]‐β‐D‐xylopyranosylpomolic acid 28‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1 → 6)‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (monepaloside D, 2), 3‐O‐α‐L‐arabinopyranosyl‐(1 → 3)‐&&lsqb;beta;‐D‐glucopyranosy‐(1 → 2)]‐α‐L‐arabinopyranosylpomolic acid 28‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1 → 6)‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (monepaloside E, 3) and 3‐O‐β‐D‐xylopyranosylpomolic acid 28‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (monepaloside F, 4) on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence. 2D NMR techniques, including 1H–1H COSY, HMQC, 2D HMQC‐TOCSY, HMBC and ROESY, and selective excitation experiments, including SELTOCSY and SELNOESY, were utilized in the structure elucidation and complete assignments of 1H and 13C NMR spectra. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Associations between meCP2 mutations, x‐chromosome inactivation, and phenotype
Authors: Hoffbuhr K. C. , Moses L. M. , Jerdonek M. A. , Naidu S. , Hoffman E. P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractRett syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder of early postnatal brain growth in girls. Patients show a normal neonatal period with subsequent developmental regression and a loss of acquired skills (communication and motor skills), deceleration of head growth, and development of typical hand stereotypies. Recent studies have shown that mutations in the X‐linked methyl CpG binding protein 2 gene (MeCP2) cause most typical cases of Rett syndrome. The MeCP2 gene encodes a protein that binds methylated cytosine residues of CpG dinucleotides and mediates, with histone deacetylases and transcriptional repressors, the transcription “silencing” of other genes. Girls with Rett syndrome exhibit mosaic expression for the MeCP2 defect at the cellular level, with most patients showing random X‐inactivation and approximately equal numbers of cells expressing the normal MeCP2 gene and the mutated MeCP2 gene. In rare cases, females with a MeCP2 mutation escape phenotypic expression of the disorder because of nonrandom X‐inactivation and the preferential inactivation of the mutated MeCP2 allele. Nonrandom patterns of X‐inactivation may also contribute to the clinical variability often seen in girls with Rett syndrome. The spectrum of clinical phenotype caused by MeCP2 mutations is wide, including milder “preserved speech” variants, the severe congenital Rett variant, and a subset of X‐linked recessive mental retardation in boys. Studies have shown that atypical and classical Rett syndrome can caused by the same MeCP2 mutations, indicating clinical phenotype is variable even among girls with the same MeCP2 mutation. The relationship between type of MeCP2 mutation, X‐inactivation status, and clinical phenotype of Rett syndrome is complex and likely involves other environmental and polygenic modifiers. MRDD Research Reviews 2002;8:99–105. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Toward direct mapping of neuronal activity: MRI detection of ultraweak, transient magnetic field changes
Authors: Bodurka Jerzy , Bandettini Peter A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA novel method based on selective detection of rapidly changing ΔB0 magnetic fields and suppression of slowly changing ΔB0 fields is presented. The ultimate goal of this work is to present a method that may allow detection of transient and subtle changes in B0 in cortical tissue associated with electrical currents produced by neuronal activity. The method involves the detection of NMR phase changes that occur during a single‐shot spin‐echo (SE) echo‐planar sequence (EPI) echo time. SE EPI effectively rephases all changes in B0 that occur on a time scale longer than the echo time (TE) and amplifies all ΔB0 changes that occur during TE/2. The method was tested on a phantom that contains wires in which current can be modulated. The sensitivity and flexibility of the technique was demonstrated by modulation of the temporal position and duration of the stimuli‐evoked transient magnetic field relative to the 180 RF pulse in the imaging sequence—requiring precise stimulus timing. Currently, with this method magnetic field changes as small as 2 × 10−10 T (200 pT) and lasting for 40 msec can be detected. Implications for direct mapping of brain neuronal activity with MRI are discussed. Magn Reson Med 47:1052–1058, 2002. Published 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection and modeling of non‐Gaussian apparent diffusion coefficient profiles in human brain data
Authors: Alexander D.C. , Barker G.J. , Arridge S.R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis work details the observation of non‐Gaussian apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) profiles in multi‐direction, diffusion‐weighted MR data acquired with easily achievable imaging parameters (b≈ 1000 s/mm2). A technique is described for modeling the profile of the ADC over the sphere, which can capture non‐Gaussian effects that can occur at, for example, intersections of different tissue types or white matter fiber tracts. When these effects are significant, the common diffusion tensor model is inappropriate, since it is based on the assumption of a simple underlying diffusion process, which can be described by a Gaussian probability density function. A sequence of models of increasing complexity is obtained by truncating the spherical harmonic (SH) expansion of the ADC measurements at several orders. Further, a method is described for selection of the most appropriate of these models, in order to describe the data adequately but without overfitting. The combined procedure is used to classify the profile at each voxel as isotropic, anisotropic Gaussian, or non‐Gaussian, each with reference to the underlying probability density function of displacement of water molecules. We use it to show that non‐Gaussian profiles arise consistently in various regions of the human brain where complex tissue structure is known to exist, and can be observed in data typical of clinical scanners. The performance of the procedure developed is characterized using synthetic data in order to demonstrate that the observed effects are genuine. This characterization validates the use of our method as an indicator of pathology that affects tissue structure, which will tend to reduce the complexity of the selected model. Magn Reson Med 48:331–340, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lateral spread response elicited by double stimulation in patients with hemifacial spasm
Authors: Yamashita Shinya , Kawaguchi Tadashi , Fukuda Masafumi , Suzuki Kenji , Watanabe Masatoshi , Tanaka Ryuichi , Kameyama Shigeki 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn patients with hemifacial spasm (HFS), a lateral spread response (or abnormal muscle response) is recorded from facial muscles after facial nerve stimulation. The origin of this response is not completely understood. We studied the lateral spread responses elicited by double stimulation in 12 patients with HFS during microvascular decompression. The response was recorded from the mentalis muscle by electrical stimulation of the temporal branch of the facial nerve or from the orbicularis oculi muscles by stimulation of the marginal mandibular branch. The interstimulus intervals (ISIs) of double stimulation ranged from 0.5 to 7.0 ms. R1 was defined as the response elicited by the first stimulus, and R2 as the response elicited by the second stimulus. R1 had a constant latency and amplitude regardless of the ISI, whereas R2 appeared after a fixed refractory period without facilitation or depression in a recovery curve of latency and amplitude. From these findings, we consider that the lateral spread response is due to cross‐transmission of facial nerve fibers at the site of vascular compression rather than arising from facial nerve motor neurons. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Muscle Nerve 25: 000–000, 2002
Hypothyroid myopathy with a strikingly elevated serum creatine kinase level
Authors: Scott Kevin R. , Simmons Zachary , Boyer Philip J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAlthough serum creatine kinase (CK) levels are frequently modestly elevated in patients with hypothyroid myopathy, elevations in serum CK to the levels usually seen in inflammatory myopathies or dystrophies are rare. We report a patient with progressive proximal weakness and a serum CK level of over 29,000 IU/L, in whom subsequent laboratory evaluation identified profound hypothyroidism. Thyroid hormone replacement therapy resulted in resolution of clinical symptoms and a marked reduction in the serum CK level. Such a high serum CK level in a patient with hypothyroidism underscores the importance of assessing thyroid function in patients with weakness, regardless of serum CK levels, even when systemic symptoms and signs of hypothyroidism are minimal or absent. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Muscle Nerve 25: 141–144, 2002