bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Dance with Death: The Imperial War Graves Commission and Nazi Germany
Authors: Grady Tim 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the mid-1930s, Fabian Ware and the other leading members of Britain’s Imperial War Graves Commission (IWGC) sought to strengthen relations with Nazi Germany. Their efforts are generally seen as another example of appeasement, misjudging Hitler in a search for international peace. This article, in contrast, places this relationship into a much longer history of wartime death and post-war remembrance. As was the case elsewhere, the IWGC, to the anger of some relatives of the deceased, chose not to repatriate the war dead buried in Germany, and instead concentrated them into four new British war cemeteries. This decision created a clear division between the treatment of the dead of the victors and those of the defeated. While the British and Empire dead in Germany were made more visible, Germany’s war dead buried in Britain remained in their original wartime graves and faded slowly from sight. When Hitler rose to power, the IWGC was suddenly forced to confront these disparities, particularly as Nazis in both Britain and Germany used the war graves to rally support. This article argues that the IWGC started to negotiate with the Nazi regime not to broker peace but purely to defend the cemeteries that it had placed on German soil. However, with Britain and Germany having competing narratives of war and defeat, these discussions were always doomed to fail.
The prevalence of the failure of fixed orthodontic bonded retainers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Aye Su Thae , Liu Shiyao , Byrne Emer , El-Angbawi Ahmed 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To systematically assess the scientific literature for the prevalence of failure rate of fixed orthodontic bonded retainer (FOBR).

Method
Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and prospective non-RCTs involving participants who had FOBR fitted were included. The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of science, MEDLINE, and EMBASE via OVID were searched from inception to January 2023. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 and Newcastle–Ottawa tools. The main outcome was the failure rate of FOBRs. The secondary outcome was to identify factors that can influence the failure of FOBR. Meta-analyses and sensitivity analyses were undertaken using Revman, version5.4. A random-effects model was used. Quality assessment using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation.

Results
Thirty-four studies (25 RCTs and 9 prospective clinical studies) (3484 participants) were included in this review. The overall failure rate of bonded retainers, after excluding high-risk studies, was 35.22% (95% confidence interval [CI] 27.46–42.98). The failure rate is increased with the duration of follow up; with short-term follow-up rate 24.18% (95% CI 20.16–28.21), medium-term follow up 40.09% (95% CI 30.92–49.26), and long-term follow up 53.85% (95% CI 40.31–67.39). There is a low level of evidence to suggest there is no statistically significant difference in the failure rate of fixed retainers using direct versus indirect bonding methods, using liquid resin versus without liquid resin, and fibre-reinforced composite retainers compared to multi-stranded stainless steel retainers.

Discussion
There is low-quality evidence to suggest that the failure rate of FOBR is relatively high. There is a need for high-quality, well-reported clinical studies to assess factors that can influence the failure rate of FOBR.

Registration
CRD42021190910.
Pervasive G × E interactions shape adaptive trajectories and the exploration of the phenotypic space in artificial selection experiments
Authors: Desbiez-Piat Arnaud , Ressayre Adrienne , Marchadier Elodie , Noly Alicia , Remoué Carine , Vitte Clémentine , Belcram Harry , Bourgais Aurélie , Galic Nathalie , Le Guilloux Martine , Tenaillon Maud I , Dillmann Christine 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Quantitative genetics models have shown that long-term selection responses depend on initial variance and mutational influx. Understanding limits of selection requires quantifying the role of mutational variance. However, correlative responses to selection on nonfocal traits can perturb the selection response on the focal trait; and generations are often confounded with selection environments so that genotype by environment (G×E) interactions are ignored. The Saclay divergent selection experiments (DSEs) on maize flowering time were used to track the fate of individual mutations combining genotyping data and phenotyping data from yearly measurements (DSEYM) and common garden experiments (DSECG) with four objectives: (1) to quantify the relative contribution of standing and mutational variance to the selection response, (2) to estimate genotypic mutation effects, (3) to study the impact of G×E interactions in the selection response, and (4) to analyze how trait correlations modulate the exploration of the phenotypic space. We validated experimentally the expected enrichment of fixed beneficial mutations with an average effect of +0.278 and +0.299 days to flowering, depending on the genetic background. Fixation of unfavorable mutations reached up to 25% of incoming mutations, a genetic load possibly due to antagonistic pleiotropy, whereby mutations fixed in the selection environment (DSEYM) turned to be unfavorable in the evaluation environment (DSECG). Global patterns of trait correlations were conserved across genetic backgrounds but exhibited temporal patterns. Traits weakly or uncorrelated with flowering time triggered stochastic exploration of the phenotypic space, owing to microenvironment-specific fixation of standing variants and pleiotropic mutational input.
Does lateral approach preserve the right ventricular function after HeartMate 3 insertion?
Authors: Hayashi Hideyuki , Kirschner Michael , Vinogradsky Alice , Zhao Yanling , Sun Jocelyn , Kurlansky Paul , Yuzefpolskaya Melana , Colombo Paolo C , Sayer Gabriel T , Uriel Nir , Naka Yoshifumi , Takeda Koji 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Lateral thoracotomy (LT) approach may preserve the right ventricular (RV) function after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. This study evaluated the short- and long-term RV function using echocardiography after LVAD implantation via LT or median sternotomy (sternotomy).

METHODS
The patients who underwent HeartMate 3 implantation were retrospectively reviewed. The RV function was assessed before and 1 month and 1 year after LVAD implantation. The primary and secondary outcomes were all-cause mortality and a composite of death or readmission due to RV failure, respectively.

RESULTS
Of the 195 patients, 55 (28%) underwent LT and 140 (72%) underwent sternotomy. There were no significant differences in the preoperative RV geometry or function. One month after the LVAD implantation, the LT group had a smaller RV end-diastolic dimension [42 (29–48) vs 47 (42–52) mm; P = 0.003] and RV end-diastolic area [25 (21–28) vs 29 (24–36) cm2; P &lt; 0.001] and a greater RV fractional area change [30 (25–34)% vs 28 (23–31)%; P = 0.04] and peak systolic tissue velocity [8 (7–9) vs 7 (6–8) cm/s; P = 0.01]. Twenty-four patients died and 46 met the composite end point. Kaplan–Meier curve analysis did not reveal significant differences between LT and sternotomy in the 2-year survival (93% vs 83%; log-rank test, P = 0.28) and adverse event rate (76% vs 71%; log-rank test, P = 0.65).

CONCLUSIONS
LT approach yielded a better-preserved RV function at 1 month; however, there were no significant differences in the 2-year survival and adverse event rates.
A pharmacist integrated into a general practice in Australia: an evolving model of care in medicines optimization
Authors: Jordan Margaret , Mullan Judy , Stewart Adele , Chen Timothy F 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The general practice pharmacist (GPP) role in Australia is evolving. A pilot GPP model of care developed to optimize medicines for patients at risk of medicine-related harm was evaluated. The aims of this study were 2-fold: to evaluate the GPP model of care on medicines optimization, with a focus on deprescribing, in a population at risk of harm due to their medicines, or clinical condition, and to explore the perspectives of study participants. This single practice study involved two phases. Phase 1 (September 2019–May 2020): at risk patients were referred to the GPP for medication reconciliation, recommendations for optimization, and when appropriate, deprescribing support, especially for opioids. Medication plans were developed with patients, GPs, and the GPP. Quantitative data collected from patient records included demographics, discrepancies, medicines reviewed, GPP recommendations and uptake, and medicines deprescribed. Opioid-related data included dose changes from baseline, at 6 and 9 months, standardized to oral morphine equivalents. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis. Phase 2 (7–21 September 2020): qualitative evaluation using semi-structured interviews was undertaken, to explore the perspectives of GP and patient participants of the GPP model of care. Interview data were thematically analysed. The study had ethical approval. Phase 1: 198 multimorbid patients with multiple medications [median = 13 (9–16)] had at least one GPP consultation (n = 243). Discrepancies were resolved through 88% of GPP consultations; deprescribing commenced or occurred in 54%. Acceptance of GPP recommendations was 86%. Opioids were the most common medicines deprescribed (42% ceased). The baseline median opioid dose [44.4 (30–90) mg] was significantly reduced at 6 months [13.5 (0–40) mg] and 9 months [7 (0–30) mg], P &lt; .0001. Phase 2: Thematic analysis of 28 interviews (10 GPs, 3 practice personnel, 10 patients, 5 carers) identified four key themes: safer foundation for deprescribing, deprescribing opportunities recognition, benefits of embedded GPP, and a supported approach to shared decision-making. General practice provides opportunities for medicine optimization and deprescribing. This study has demonstrated a GPP model of care that achieved functional deprescribing to reduce potential harm in a population at risk and addressed recognized barriers.
Detection of Mpox Virus Using Microbial Cell-Free DNA: The Potential of Pathogen-Agnostic Sequencing for Rapid Identification of Emerging Pathogens
Authors: Park Sarah Y , Lindner Martin S , Brick Kevin , Noll Nicholas , Ounit Rachid , Noa Luis J , Sabzwari Rabeeya , Trible Ronald , Sniffen Jason C , Roth Prerana , Khan Amir , Rodriguez Anamaria , Sahra Syeda , Davis Michael J , Brar Inderjeet S , Balasundaram Gayathri , Nolte Frederick S , Blauwkamp Timothy A , Perkins Bradley A , Bercovici Sivan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
The 2022 global outbreak of Monkeypox virus (MPXV) highlighted challenges with polymerase chain reaction detection as divergent strains emerged and atypical presentations limited the applicability of swab sampling. Recommended testing in the United States requires a swab of lesions, which arise late in infection and may be unrecognized. We present MPXV detections using plasma microbial cell-free DNA (mcfDNA) sequencing.

Methods
Fifteen plasma samples from 12 case-patients were characterized through mcfDNA sequencing. Assay performance was confirmed through in silico inclusivity and exclusivity assessments. MPXV isolates were genotyped using mcfDNA, and phylodynamic information was imputed using publicly available sequences.

Results
MPXV mcfDNA was detected in 12 case-patients. Mpox was not suspected in 5, with 1 having documented resolution of mpox &gt;6 months previously. Six had moderate to severe mpox, supported by high MPXV mcfDNA concentrations; 4 died. In 7 case-patients, mcfDNA sequencing detected coinfections. Genotyping by mcfDNA sequencing identified 22 MPXV mutations at 10 genomic loci in 9 case-patients. Consistent with variation observed in the 2022 outbreak, 21 of 22 variants were G &gt; A/C &gt; T. Phylogenetic analyses imputed isolates to sublineages arising at different time points and from different geographic locations.

Conclusions
We demonstrate the potential of plasma mcfDNA sequencing to detect, quantify, and, for acute infections with high sequencing coverage, subtype MPXV using a single noninvasive test. Sequencing plasma mcfDNA may augment existing mpox testing in vulnerable patient populations or in patients with atypical symptoms or unrecognized mpox. Strain type information may supplement disease surveillance and facilitate tracking emerging pathogens.
Exploring synergy between azole antifungal drugs and statins for Candida auris
Authors: Halliday Catriona , Kim Hannah Yejin , Tay Enoch , Chen Sharon C A , Alffenaar Jan-Willem 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Global emergence of rapidly developing resistance to multiple antifungal drugs and high mortality pose challenges to the treatment of invasive Candida auris infections. New therapeutic approaches are needed, such as repurposing drugs including combination with antifungals. Statins have been reported to exert antifungal effects against various Candida species.

Objectives
Our study investigated potential synergy between the statins (rosuvastatin and fluvastatin) and azoles (voriconazole, posaconazole and isavuconazole) on clinical isolates of C. auris.

Methods
Twenty-one clinical isolates of C. auris were obtained. Chequerboard assays based on the CLSI broth microdilution method were used to assess synergy based on FIC index (FICI) calculations of MICs of individual drugs and in combinations.

Results
Single drug geometric mean (GM) MICs of fluvastatin and rosuvastatin were ≥128 mg/L in all 21 isolates. GM (range) MICs of posaconazole, voriconazole and isavuconazole were 0.259 (0.016–1 mg/L), 0.469 (0.016–2 mg/L) and 0.085 (0.004–1 mg/L), respectively. Combination of azoles with fluvastatin showed synergy in 70%–90% of C. auris isolates. In particular, voriconazole/fluvastatin resulted in 16-fold reduction in voriconazole MIC and synergy in 14/21 (67%) isolates. Posaconazole/fluvastatin resulted in 8-fold reduction in posaconazole MIC and synergy in 19/21 (90%) isolates.
Combining rosuvastatin with the azoles also showed synergy against C. auris in 40%–60% of the isolates and additive effect in 40%–50%. None of the combinations was antagonistic.

Conclusions
Our results provide a rationale for pursuing in vivo synergy tests as well as clinical studies to explore tolerability, treatment outcomes, optimal dose and exposure targets.
Marshall Lecture 2023: Behavioral Macroeconomics via Sparse Dynamic Programming
Authors: Gabaix Xavier 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper proposes a tractable way to model boundedly rational dynamic programming. The agent uses an endogenously simplified, or “sparse,” model of the world and the consequences of his actions and acts according to a behavioral Bellman equation. The framework yields a behavioral version of some of the canonical models in macroeconomics and finance. In the life-cycle model, the agent initially does not pay much attention to retirement and undersaves; late in life, he progressively saves more, generating realistic dynamics. In the consumption-savings model, the consumer decides to pay little or no attention to the interest rate and more attention to his income. Ricardian equivalence and the Lucas critique partially fail because the consumer may not pay full attention to taxes and policy changes. In a Merton-style dynamic portfolio choice problem, the agent endogenously pays limited or no attention to the varying equity premium and hedging demand terms. Finally, in the neoclassical growth model, agents act on a simplified model of the macroeconomy; in equilibrium, fluctuations are larger and more persistent.
A qualitative systematic review of the significance of adjuvant therapy in patients with low-risk endometrial cancer presenting positive peritoneal cytology: a relevant study to the guideline update for endometrial cancer by the Japan society of gynecologic oncology guideline committee
Authors: Shigeta Shogo , Konno Yosuke , Terai Yoshito , Morisada Tohru , Tokunaga Hideki , Baba Tsukasa , Kobayashi Yoichi , Nagase Satoru 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In association with an update of the Japan Society of Gynecologic Oncology clinical practice guidelines for endometrial cancer in 2023, a systematic review was conducted about the therapeutic benefit of adjuvant therapy on patients with early-stage endometrial carcinoma, who presented positive peritoneal cytology (PPC) without the risk factors for recurrence. The systematic review only included two eligible retrospective studies. Both studies included patients with risk factors for recurrence. A nationwide study in the United States reported that adjuvant chemotherapy was associated with the reduced risk of death among patients with stages I–II endometrial cancer with PPC by multivariate, propensity score-adjusted analysis. Another single-center study in Japan reported no association between adjuvant chemotherapy and relapse-free survival among patients with stage IA endometrial cancer by univariate analysis. This systematic review identified that evidence was limited with conflicting results. Continuous evaluation is warranted to address this clinical question.
Education for Refugees: Building Durable Futures?
Authors: Dryden-Peterson Sarah , Horst Cindy 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEducation is one of the key tools of nation-building, as it aims to create future citizens. Yet what happens in seemingly ‘futureless’ contexts where refugees cannot access even social membership, let alone legal citizenship? In this introduction to our special issue on education for refugees, we explore the aspirations and conceptions of possible futures that students, teachers, governments, international non-governmental organizations (INGOs), and funders have when they promote and pursue education as the solution to the liminal position that refugees in protracted refugee situations find themselves in. Based on insights from the articles, we analyse disconnects between aspirations for education and realities of access to quality education and to opportunities after completing education. We argue that to address these disconnects requires us to move beyond temporal and spatial binaries—present vs. future, here vs. there—that are so common in refugee education discourse and policy. Our suggestion is to draw on and support stakeholders’ work, powerfully exemplified in this special issue, to contribute to improved conditions through pedagogies, practices, and policies that address these binaries.
Detectability of gas-rich E/IMRI’s in LISA band: observable signature of transonic accretion flow
Authors: Chatterjee Sangita , Mondal Soumen , Basu Prasad 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Real extreme/intermediate-mass ratio inspiral (E/IMRI) systems are likely to contain large accretion discs which could be as massive as the central supermassive black hole. Therefore, contrary to its ideal model, a real E/IMRI system contains a third important component: the accretion disc. We study the influence of these discs on the emitted gravitational wave (GW) profile and its detectability through proposed LISA observation. We use a semirelativistic formalism in the Kerr background for the case of transonic accretion flow which is a potential candidate to describe the accretion flows around active galactic nuclei. The hydrodynamic drag of the discs modified the motion of the companion as a result of the emitted wave changes in amplitude and phase. We found that these changes are detectable through the last few years of observation by LISA (in some cases as small as 6 months) for EMRIs residing within redshift z = 1 from the detector and for the accretion rate of the primary black hole of the order of $\dot{M}=1 \dot{M}_{\mathrm{ Edd}}$. These choices of parameter values are consistent with real systems. The drag effect and hence the detectability of the emitted GW is sensitive to the hydrodynamical model of the disc. Therefore, we vary the disc parameters, accretion rate, and duration of observation of E/IMRIs, and find that in comparison with other disc models, transonic solution offers relatively better observable signatures in detecting the gas-rich E/IMRI’s within the LISA band. Such observations will help one to probe the nature of the accretion flow and verify various paradigms of accretion physics.
BRCA1–BARD1 combines multiple chromatin recognition modules to bridge nascent nucleosomes
Authors: Burdett Hayden , Foglizzo Martina , Musgrove Laura J , Kumar Dhananjay , Clifford Gillian , Campbell Lisa J , Heath George R , Zeqiraj Elton , Wilson Marcus D 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Chromatin association of the BRCA1–BARD1 heterodimer is critical to promote homologous recombination repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in S/G2. How the BRCA1–BARD1 complex interacts with chromatin that contains both damage induced histone H2A ubiquitin and inhibitory H4K20 methylation is not fully understood. We characterised BRCA1–BARD1 binding and enzymatic activity to an array of mono- and di-nucleosome substrates using biochemical, structural and single molecule imaging approaches. We found that the BRCA1–BARD1 complex preferentially interacts and modifies di-nucleosomes over mono-nucleosomes, allowing integration of H2A Lys-15 ubiquitylation signals with other chromatin modifications and features. Using high speed- atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) to monitor how the BRCA1–BARD1 complex recognises chromatin in real time, we saw a highly dynamic complex that bridges two nucleosomes and associates with the DNA linker region. Bridging is aided by multivalent cross-nucleosome interactions that enhance BRCA1–BARD1 E3 ubiquitin ligase catalytic activity. Multivalent interactions across nucleosomes explain how BRCA1–BARD1 can recognise chromatin that retains partial di-methylation at H4 Lys-20 (H4K20me2), a parental histone mark that blocks BRCA1–BARD1 interaction with nucleosomes, to promote its enzymatic and DNA repair activities.