bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two natural cerato‐ulmin (CU)‐deficient mutants of Ophiostoma novo‐ulmi: one has an introgressed O. ulmi cu gene, the other has an O. novo‐ulmi cu gene with a mutation in an intron splice consensus sequence
Authors: Pipe N. D. , Brasier C. M. , Buck K. W. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe nucleotide sequences of the cerato‐ulmin (cu) genes of two naturally occurring pathogenic CU‐deficient mutants, PG470 and MAFf8, of the Dutch elm disease fungus, Ophiostoma novo‐ulmi, were determined. The PG470 cu gene sequence was identical to that of CU‐secreting isolates of O. novo‐ulmi, except for a G to A mutation in the GT splice consensus sequence at the start of intron 1, suggesting that the CU deficiency was due to a splicing defect in the premRNA. In contrast, the MAFf8 cu gene showed a 99.1% sequence identity with cu genes of O. ulmi isolates, but only 92.8% sequence identity with cu genes of CU‐secreting isolates of O. novo‐ulmi, and in a dendrogram clustered with cu gene sequences of O. ulmi isolates with 100% bootstrap support. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the ribosomal RNA region, random amplified polymorphic DNA markers, and many biological properties of MAFf8, including pathogenicity, were typical of O. novo‐ulmi. It is therefore likely that the cu gene of MAFf8 has been introgressed from O. ulmi, probably as a result of rare hybrid formation between O. ulmi and O. novo‐ulmi, followed by backcrossing of the hybrid with O. novo‐ulmi. The presence of an O. ulmi‐like cu gene in MAFf8 is consistent with its CU deficiency, since the O. ulmicu gene is known to be poorly expressed and O. ulmi isolates secrete little or no CU in culture.
Becoming ADEPT: delivering distance learning on evidence‐based medicine for librarians
Authors: HICKS ALISON , BOOTH ANDREW , SAWERS CAROLINE 
Published: March 2003

Evidence‐based medicine (EBM) brings new challenges and opportunities for librarians. However, their ability to respond to this agenda is constrained by their difficulties in acquiring the requisite new skills and techniques while continuing to work in a busy information practice setting. The authors describe a joint initiative, between a specialist evidence‐based healthcare information unit and a regional library network, to deliver training materials using a mixed workshop and distance learning format. The Applying Diagnosis, Etiology, Prognosis, and Therapy filters (ADEPT) Programme draws upon research conducted at McMaster University, Canada and, using techniques adapted from the teaching evidence‐based medicine paradigm, seeks to equip health care librarians with the skills and techniques required to support evidence‐based practice locally.The authors describe the thinking behind the programme, its main features, the extensive evaluation mechanisms incorporated into the course, the results of the evaluation and the lessons learnt. They conclude with a description of the way forward for participants on the programme who are adapting their newly acquired knowledge to their work situations. Further planned developments from the course's designers are also outlined briefly.
Older people’s health information needs
Authors: Cawthra Lynette 
Published: March 2003

This paper, originally given at the Health Libraries Group conference ‘First aid for the front line’ in September 1998, argues that older people’s health information needs are in many respects little different to anyone else’s. It looks at different formats of information that may be helpful for older people, and at the needs of two specific groups, carers and elders from ethnic groups. Direct user involvement in the development of information is seen as important.It is emphasized that there is a particular need for primary care workers to know how other services, such as those within social care and the voluntary sector, operate. The paper ends by looking at the information professional’s role in providing resources and training to such workers, and suggests a broader remit for the profession as a whole, to help to ensure social inclusion for older people.
Users’ perceptions of the impact of information provided by a Consumer Health Information service: an in‐depth study of six users
Authors: Sweetland Jane 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis paper describes the impact of providing six users of the Health Facts Consumer Health Information Centre at Frenchay Hospital with health information. Comments from a previous user satisfaction questionnaire survey implemented by the researcher provided themes to explore. These were: (1) cognitive effects (2) affective effects (3) behavioural effects. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with six consecutive users of the centre asking about a health problem for themselves.Health Facts information improved knowledge and understanding, reduced anxiety, and helped respondents accept and self‐manage illness, facilitated by quality of content and presentation. Everyone took some subsequent action in support of their condition. The centre saved users’ time searching for information elsewhere and staff were key players providing it. Information was shared with others, extending its impact. Increased publicity for the service was the main suggested improvement.Health Facts information was mostly rated higher than other information sources, and unexpectedly as high as information from doctors. Even well‐informed users gained new understanding.Health Facts information is highly valued, and complements advice given by health professionals. Findings reflect recent literature and government policy to get patients more involved in their own health care. The methodology may help other health information services investigate this subject.
A Hungarian example for handsearching specialized national healthcare journals of small countries for controlled trials. Is it worth the trouble?
Authors: Bereczki Dániel , Gesztelyi Gyöngyi 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine whether a Hungarian language journal of clinical neuroscience, which is not indexed in medline, contains any reports of randomized or quasi‐randomized clinical trials that are not also reported in
medline‐indexed publications. A cover‐to‐cover handsearch was performed of the journal Clinical Neuroscience/Ideggyógyászati Szemle, the official journal of Hungarian societies of neurology, neurosurgery, psychiatry and related clinical neurosciences, from its first volume in 1950 to the end of 1998; and a search of
medline for other reports of the trials identified. Clinical trials in which patients were allocated to interventions by randomized, quasi‐randomized or possibly randomized means were identified. Controlled trials were tabulated and coded as randomized controlled trials or controlled clinical trials according to the definitions of the Handsearch Manual of the Cochrane Collaboration. We identified three randomized and eight quasi‐randomized trials. Six of the 11 trials were not reported in
medline indexed publications.In conclusion, to obtain a comprehensive controlled trials register, specialized healthcare journals printed in small numbers in the national languages of small countries should be searched.
Nurses’ use of computer databases to identify evidence for practice —a cross‐sectional questionnaire survey in a UK hospital
Authors: Griffiths Peter , Riddington Lucy 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to determine nurses’ use of electronic databases to inform practice.A questionnaire survey of 114 nurses working on five acute wards in a large inner city teaching hospital investigated their general use of computers and the three databases, cinahl, medline and the Cochrane Library. Eighty‐two qualified nurses responded (response rate 72%).The results show limited confidence and low frequency in using the databases. Thirty‐four per cent expressed low confidence using cinahl. Twenty‐seven per cent used cinahl on a regular basis. Twenty‐two per cent never used it. Eighteen per cent were unaware that it was available locally. Knowledge and use of medline was even lower with only 18% using it regularly. Knowledge of the Cochrane Library was extremely limited, with 75% unaware of its existence. Use of a home computer and higher education were associated with higher frequency of use of cinahl and medline.If nurses are to make use of electronic resources to contribute to evidence‐based practice, effort needs to be put into ensuring that already qualified nurses have basic computer skills and specific knowledge of available resources. More emphasis should be placed on ‘evidence‐based’ resources, such as the Cochrane library, as sources of information for practice.
Opportunities on the Web: a role for information professionals, using the development of the BMA Library Online Service as a case study*
Authors: Rowlands Jane , Forrester William , Coelho Lina , Cardy Lisa , Yeadon Jane 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe paper considers how attributes and skills fundamental to the information profession may be applied to the development and management of Web‐based services and resources. It also looks at the need for the acquisition of new skills as part of a continuing professional development programme. The report considers the changing role of the Webmaster and the implications this might have in terms of the role of information professionals.To offer a practical example, from within the healthcare sector, the article goes on to describe the development of BMA Library Online. This is the BMA Library's own suite of Web‐based information services and resources for personal members, institutional members and staff. The library's own Web team has been responsible for the development and maintenance of BMA Library Online.To conclude, the paper looks forward to future possibilities for information professionals as Web developers and at how this might be influenced by changes in the Webmaster role. It is crucial that skills and expertise are shared as the roles that go to make up a Webmaster or Webmaster team continue to merge and evolve, and with the possible wider distribution of provision of Web content within organizations.
Solitary fibrous tumour: significance of p53 and CD34 immunoreactivity in its malignant transformation
Authors: Yokoi  , Tsuzuki  , Yatabe  , Suzuki  , Kurumaya  , Koshikawa  , Kuhara  , Kuroda  , Nakamura  , Nakatani  , Kakudo  
Published: March 2003

AimsTo clarify the association of p53 and CD34 expression with development of malignant solitary fibrous tumour we have studied 10 cases of solitary fibrous tumour arising in the pleura, retroperitoneum and pelvic cavity with clinicopathological features of malignancy.Methods and resultsTumours were localized solid masses with or without necrosis in eight and they nearly totally occupied the pleural cavity in two. Basic histology of the tumours was the proliferation of spindle cells arranged in ‘patternless’ pattern or in interlacing bundles with nuclear atypia and mitotic activities of various degree. In two, high‐grade foci were present within low or intermediate‐grade tumours. Recurrent tumours also showed more atypical features than primary tumours in two. Immunohistochemical studies showed CD34 positivity in seven, but three of them showed marked diminution or complete loss of CD34 expression in high‐grade foci or a recurrent tumour. Three high‐grade cases showed totally negative staining for CD34. p53 was strongly expressed in cases with fatal outcome, clinical recurrence, nuclear atypia, high mitotic activity or local invasion, whereas almost negative in benign tumours.ConclusionsMalignant solitary fibrous tumours may occur de novo or by transformation within benign or low‐grade tumours and may be associated with p53 mutation. Although CD34 is a useful marker in the diagnosis of solitary fibrous tumour, one should bear in mind that its expression can be lost in high‐grade tumours.
Angiomyolipoma predominantly composed of smooth muscle cells: problems in histological diagnosis
Authors: Nonomura A , Minato H , Kurumaya H 
Published: March 2003

AimsFive cases of angiomyolipoma (AML) composed exclusively or predominantly of smooth muscle cells (SMC) are presented to emphasize the histological diversity and to caution against errors in histological diagnosis.Methods and resultsFour tumours were located in the liver and one in the renal capsule. Three patients were female and two were male, ranging from 36 to 76 years of age with a mean age of 50 years. One patient with a renal capsular tumour was associated with tuberous sclerosis. Two tumours were composed predominantly of a spindle‐shaped SMC component, whereas three others were composed predominantly of epithelioid SMC elements. AMLs composed exclusively or predominantly of spindle‐shaped smooth muscle cells (SMCs) simulated leiomyoma, whereas AMLs composed exclusively or predominantly of epithelioid SMCs resembled epithelioid leiomyoma or leiomyosarcoma or other sarcoma when cellular atypia was present. However, both spindle and epithelioid SMCs were characteristically positive for HMB‐45 melanoma‐specific antibody; no other tissue components in either the liver or kidney were reactive to HMB‐45.ConclusionsAML is often composed predominantly of SMC elements, and morphological features of the SMC elements are quite variable. Therefore, careful attention must be given to histological assessment of AML. Whenever a pathologist encounters an unfamiliar hepatic or renal tumour, the possibility of AML should be considered. Reactivity for HMB‐45, however, confirmed the diagnosis of AML.
Loss of basement membrane components laminin and type IV collagen parallels the progression of oral epithelial neoplasia
Authors: Tosios K I , Kapranos N , Papanicolaou S I 
Published: March 2003

Aims: To determine the immunohistochemical localization of basement membrane components laminin and type IV collagen in premalignant and malignant lesions of the oral epithelium.Methods and resultsFormalin‐fixed tissue sections of 12 epithelial hyperplasias with no dysplasia and 30 dysplasias, clinically diagnosed as leukoplakia and/or erythroplakia, as well as 50 invasive squamous cell carcinomas, were stained with mouse monoclonal antibodies to human laminin and type IV collagen. Statistical analysis showed that there was a linear trend for discontinuous distribution of laminin from epithelial hyperplasia to epithelial dysplasia and invasive squamous cell carcinoma (P < 0.001). Laminin staining showed a linear trend for discontinuity with increasing grade of dysplasia (P < 0.05) and was more frequently discontinuous in areas of deep tumour invasion than in central or superficial areas (P < 0.05). Brush‐shaped thickening and reduplication of the basement membrane were also identified.ConclusionsAlterations in the distribution of laminin and type IV collagen in oral premalignant and malignant lesions indicate that the loss of continuity of the subepithelial basement membrane parallels the progression of the neoplastic transformation process in oral epithelium.
Histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (Kikuchi–Fujimoto disease): continuing diagnostic difficulties
Authors: Menasce L P , Banerjee S S , Edmondson D , Harris M 
Published: March 2003

Aims: To describe the clinicopathological and immunophenotypic features of 25 cases of Kikuchi–Fujimoto disease (K–F), which remains a poorly recognized entity and is still frequently confused with malignant lymphoma, and to discuss the main diagnostic problems experienced by the referring pathologist.Methods and resultsHaematoxylin and eosin sections of 27 lymph node biopsies were re‐examined. Immunostains for B‐lymphocytes, T‐lymphocytes and macrophages were performed. Clinical and follow‐up data were obtained through a questionnaire to the referring pathologist or from the patients' notes where available. The suggested initial diagnoses are discussed. The lymph nodes showed a necrotizing process characterized by patchy or confluent areas of necrosis associated with karyorrhexis and absence or paucity of granulocytes. This was associated with a proliferation of large blastic cells consisting of a mixture of T‐lymphocytes and histiocytes. Fragmentation of the biopsy was a frequent feature. The diagnosis of K–F was suggested by the referring pathologist in three cases only. The most common suggested diagnosis was that of a non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma.ConclusionThis series documents continuing difficulties in the diagnosis of Kikuchi–Fujimoto disease in the UK and emphasizes that cases are still being mistakenly diagnosed as malignant lymphomas. The diagnosis of Kikuchi–Fujimoto disease merits active consideration in any nodal biopsy showing fragmentation, necrosis and karyorrhexis, especially in young women presenting with cervical lymphadenopathy.
Prognostic relevance of apoptotic cell death in non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas: a multivariate survival analysis including Ki67 and p53 oncoprotein expression
Authors: Korkolopoulou P , Angelopoulou M K , Kontopidou F , Tsenga A , Patsouris E , Thomas‐Tsagli E , Kittas C , Pangalis G A 
Published: March 2003

Aims: To evaluate the independent prognostic value of apoptotic versus proliferative fractions in a series of 92 patients with non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL).Methods and resultsApoptotic fractions were quantified by use of the TdT (terminal deoxynucleotidyl‐transferase)‐mediated in‐situ end‐labelling technique (TUNEL), the percentage of positive cells constituting the apoptotic index (AI). Proliferative rate was expressed as percentage of Ki67 positive cells (Ki67 LI). Tissues were also stained for p53 protein with the DO‐1 antibody. Patients were followed up until death (n = 33) or for an average of 63 months (n = 56). AI increased with malignancy grade and proliferative activity but was not related to location, cell of origin, clinical stage, bone marrow involvement and p53 expression. In multivariate analysis, overall survival was independently influenced by grade, stage, p53 LI and chemotherapy. The independent predictors of disease‐free survival were Ki67 LI location and chemotherapy. AI turned out to be the only independent (negative) predictor of post‐relapse survival. On the other hand, a low Ki67 LI increased the risk of relapse (logistic regression analysis) whereas a low p53 LI increased the probability of complete response.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the combined assessment of apoptotic fraction, proliferative rate and p53 expression may provide important prognostic information independent of other clinicopathological parameters in NHL.
Diagnostic lessons of mucosal melanoma with osteocartilaginous differentiation
Authors: Banerjee S S , Coyne J D , Menasce L P , Lobo C J , Hirsch P J 
Published: March 2003

Aims: To document the clinical, morphological and immunohistochemical features of two cases of primary mucosal melanoma with osteocartilaginous differentiation.Materials and methodsTwo cases of mucosal melanoma with cartilage and bone formation are reported, one arising in the vagina of a 79‐year‐old woman and one in the oral cavity of a 67‐year‐old man. The vaginal melanoma exhibited only cartilaginous differentiation. The oral cavity mucosal melanoma exhibited both bone and cartilage formation and was remarkable for its multifocality, long history not associated with metastases and its lengthy manifestation of dual morphologies: some of the tumours were typical in situ/invasive melanotic melanomas whilst the others were composed of amelanotic spindle and epithelioid cells with osteocartilaginous tissue. One of the lesions exhibited in situ and invasive melanoma with transition to an osteogenic tumour in places. The patient also developed non‐osteogenic malignant melanomas in the nasal cavity and nasopharynx.ConclusionsMalignant melanomas showing foci of osteocartilaginous differentiation are extremely rare with only 18 cases reported. Primary mucosal malignant melanomas of vagina and oral cavity showing osteocartilaginous differentiation have not previously been documented. Primary vaginal melanoma with cartilaginous differentiation must be distinguished from primary malignant mixed Müllerian tumour whilst malignant change in a pleomorphic adenoma, sarcomatoid carcinoma, osteogenic sarcoma and mesenchymal chondrosarcoma are included in the differential diagnosis of primary oral mucosal melanomas with osteocartilaginous differentiation. In this context, immunohistochemistry using antibodies to cytokeratin, S100 protein and MIC2 is of value.
Utility of cytokeratin subsets for distinguishing poorly differentiated synovial sarcoma from peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumour
Authors: Machen  , Fisher  , Gautam  , Tubbs  , Goldblum  
Published: March 2003

Aims: Poorly differentiated synovial sarcoma (PDSS) is a round cell sarcoma that may be difficult to distinguish from other round cell sarcomas, such as peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumour (pPNET), on histological examination alone. Furthermore, these two tumours may show overlapping immunophenotypes, as some cases of PDSS express CD99, and, on the other hand, pPNET may express epithelial markers. The goal of this study was to determine the utility of cytokeratin (CK) subsets in distinguishing between these two lesions.Methods and resultsWe evaluated 13 cases of pPNET with RT‐PCR detected EWS/FLI‐1 fusion transcript and 21 cases of PDSS for the immunohistochemical expression of CK7 and CK19. All cases of PDSS had areas of recognizable monophasic or biphasic synovial sarcoma that expressed at least one epithelial marker. Thirteen of 21 (62%) PDSS stained with AE1/AE3. CK7 and 19 were expressed in 11 (52%) and nine (43%) cases, respectively. Although six of 19 (32%) PDSS demonstrated cytoplasmic staining for CD99, none showed a membranous pattern of immunoreactivity. In contrast, 12 of 13 (92%) pPNET showed strong membranous immunoreactivity for CD99. Four tumours (31%) showed focal staining with AE1/AE3, two of which (15%) stained for CK19. CK7 was not detected in any of the pPNETs.ConclusionsAlthough AE1/AE3 may be found in up to 31% of cases of pPNET, the expression of CK7 makes this diagnosis less likely.
Clear cell chondrosarcoma: a pathological and immunohistochemical study
Authors: Masui,  , Ushigome  , Fujii  
Published: March 2003

AimClear cell chondrosarcoma (CCC) is a rare malignant cartilaginous neoplasm of bone. CCC is characterized by clear cells (CCC cells), osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Many important questions concerning the varied histological features of CCC, and the interactions between CCC cells and coexisting osteoclasts and osteoblasts have not been fully investigated and remain controversial. The aim of this study is to clarify and explain the varied histological features and the possible interaction between tumour cells (CCC cells) and stromal cells such as osteoclasts and osteoblasts.Methods and resultsFour cases of CCC were histologically and immunohistochemically studied in order to elucidate the biological nature and histological characteristics. A comparative study with chondroblastoma and grade I conventional chondrosarcoma (CC) was also performed. S100 protein and type II collagen were expressed in CCC cells, chondroblastoma cells and CC cells. CD68 and matrix metalloproteinase‐9 were expressed in coexisting histiocytes and osteoclasts. Parathyroid hormone‐like protein (PTH‐LP) was expressed in histiocytes, osteoclasts, osteoblasts, chondroblastoma cells and CCC cells. Platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) and its receptor (PDGF‐R) were observed in osteoblasts, chondroblastoma cells and CCC cells. However, PTH‐LP, PDGF and PDGF‐R were not expressed in CC cells. PCNA (proliferating‐cell nuclear antigen) was expressed more intensely in CCC than in chondroblastoma.ConclusionThese observations suggest that CCC cells trigger the varied histological changes in association with several cytokines. The difference of PCNA expression between CCC and chondroblastoma seemed to be related to the biological difference between the two tumours.