bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment Patterns and Effectiveness of Tofacitinib in Patients Initiating Therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results From the CorEvitas Rheumatoid Arthritis Registry
Authors: Pappas Dimitrios A. , O’Brien Jacqueline , Moore Page C. , Dodge Rhiannon , Germino Rebecca , Masri Karim R. , Bingham Clifton O. , Cappelli Laura C. 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveThis real-world analysis assessed baseline demographics/characteristics and treatment patterns/effectiveness in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) initiating tofacitinib (TOF) in the US CorEvitas RA Registry.MethodsThe primary analysis of this study included patients with RA initiating TOF with a 12-month follow-up visit from November 2012 to January 2021. Outcomes included baseline demographics/characteristics and TOF initiation/discontinuation reasons, treatment patterns, and effectiveness (disease activity and patient-reported outcomes [PROs] at 12 months); the primary effectiveness outcome was Clinical Disease Activity Index low disease activity (CDAI LDA). All data, analyzed descriptively, were stratified by TOF regimen (monotherapy vs combination therapy), line of therapy (second- to fourth-line), time of initiation (2012-2014, 2015-2017, or 2018-2020), and dose (5 mg twice daily vs 11 mg once daily).ResultsOf 2874 patients with RA who initiated TOF, 1298 had a qualifying 12-month follow-up visit; of these, 43.1% were monotherapy and 66.5% were fourth-line therapy. Overall, tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (40.8%) were the most common treatment immediately prior to TOF initiation. The most common reason for TOF initiation (among those with a reason) was lack/loss of efficacy of prior treatment (67.7%). Overall, at 12 months, 31.9% and 10.1% had achieved CDAI LDA and remission, respectively; 22.4%, 10.4%, and 5% had achieved ≥ 20%, ≥ 50%, and ≥ 70% improvement in modified American College of Rheumatology core set measures, respectively; and improvements in PROs were observed. Effectiveness was generally similar across TOF stratifications.ConclusionTOF effectiveness (CDAI LDA) was observed in a US real-world setting of patients with RA regardless of TOF regimen, line of therapy, time of initiation, and dose. (ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT04721808)
Understanding the Employment Landscape in People With Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Jazayeri Hila , Gignac Monique A.M. , Ahmad Zareen , Johnson Sindhu R. 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveSystemic sclerosis (SSc) can restrict employment participation. Our objectives were to comparatively evaluate health factors, work factors, and workplace accommodations between those who are employed and those who recently gave up employment.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted of employed and recently working, but now unemployed, individuals with SSc. Demographics, employment sectors, health factors, flare frequency, work context, and information about the need, availability, and use of workplace supports were collected.ResultsParticipants were 140 individuals (108 [77.1%] women, 32 [22.9%] men), of whom 110 (78.6%) were employed and 30 (21.4%) were unemployed. Participants worked in education/health/sciences/arts (n = 51, 36.4%), sales/retail (n = 23, 16.5%), banking/insurance/business/technology (n = 22, 15.7%), government (n = 15, 10.7%), construction/utilities (n = 10, 7.1%), and manufacturing/agriculture/mining/ logging (n = 10, 7.1%). Employed participants had a lower mean age (48.4 vs 54.3 yrs), and higher level of education (77.3% with postsecondary education vs 22.7% without). Those who had no flares were more frequently employed (41.7%), compared to those who had 1 to 2 flares (35.2%) and ≥ 3 flares (23.1%). The availability of workplace accommodations differed significantly between the employed and unemployed: flexible hours (74.5% vs 40%,P= 0.0005), more rest periods (73.6% vs 46.7%,P= 0.0001), special equipment (82.7% vs 46.7%,P< 0.0001), and work schedule flexibility (66.4% vs 33.3%,P= 0.003).ConclusionHealth factors alone do not differentiate those who are employed and those who gave up employment. This study lays the groundwork for where SSc-specific efforts in workplace policies and practices should be directed, especially workplace support.
Efeitos da pandemia da COVID-19 no Value Relevance do relatório contábilfinanceiro: uma análise das empresas listadas na B³
Authors: Raiol Paula Chiara , De Araujo Bernardo dos Santos Isabela , Ferreira de Oliveira Atelmo , Luiz Rezende Mól Anderson 
Published: February 2024

Objetivo: Analisar os impactos da pandemia da Covid-19 no value relevance do relatório contábilfinanceiro das empresas listadas na B³.
Método: Foram analisadas 69 empresas de diversos setores do mercado brasileiro nos anos de 2019 (pré-pandemia) e 2020 (pandemia). Como modelo econométrico, utilizou-se o modelo de Barth et al. (2008) e para a análise dos dados optou-se pela regressão quantílica no intuito de contornar a presença de outliers e também, para observar o comportamento dos dados em pontos específicos da amostra devido a sua heterogeneidade.
Originalidade/Relevância: A pandemia da Covid-19 ocasionou uma crise em diversos setores da sociedade, impactando diretamente a economia devido às medidas de contenção de propagação do coronavírus. E em momentos de crise financeira, estudos anteriores indicam que há uma perda do value relevance da informação contábil.
Resultados: A pandemia da Covid-19 não diminuiu a relevância da informação contábil das empresas listadas na B³. O lucro por ação e o valor patrimonial da ação não obtiveram significância estatística em todos os quantis. O mesmo comportamento não aconteceu com o retorno das ações, pois, no período pré-pandemia apresentou significância em todos os quantis, e no período de pandemia apenas não foi significante no quantil 10. Desta maneira, o estudo não constatou que houve modificação no value relevance da informação contábil diante da crise ocasionada pela pandemia da Covid-19, porque não houve diferença estatística entre os períodos.
Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas/práticas: O estudo contribuiu para o avanço da pesquisa na área de contabilidade e finanças ao investigar as relações entre as crises financeiras com o value relevance do relatório contábil-financeiro de empresas brasileiras de capital aberto.
Artificial Intelligence in Otorhinolaryngology
Authors: Swain Santosh Kumar 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is most likely to have a significant influence on medical research and clinical practice in the near future. Common uses of AI in health care include diagnosis of disease, complete drug research, and development, improved clinician–patient communication, transcription of medical records like prescriptions, and remote patient treatment. The search strategy was made with keywords of AI and otorhinolaryngology on Medline, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases, and full-text articles available were reviewed. This review article is focused on the use of AI in otorhinolaryngology. Innovative new health-care solutions in the area of otorhinolaryngology are being driven by recent breakthroughs in AI. Otorhinolaryngologists are key stakeholders of AI technologies that will enhance patient care. For improving AI technologies, high-standard data collecting is necessary, and otorhinolaryngologists should work with data scientists to direct them toward the most significant medical research. This review article emphasizes the crucial value of ethical, unbiased artificially intelligent systems for patient management in otorhinolaryngology.
Prevalence of the t(11; 14)(q13; q32) immunoglobulin H/CCND1 in Mexican mestizos with multiple myeloma: A single institution experience
Authors: Lira-Lara Olivia , Gallardo-Pérez Moisés Manuel , Garcés-Eisele Solón Javier , Reyes-Núñez Virginia Adriana , López-Trujillo Miguel Antonio , Melgar-de-la-Paz Miranda , Negrete-Rodríguez Paola , Hamilton-Avilés Luis Enrique , Ocaña-Ramm Guillermo , Robles-Nasta Max , Sánchez-Bonilla Daniela , Olivares-Gazca Juan Carlos , Ruiz-Delgado Guillermo José , Ruiz-Argüelles Guillermo José 
Published: February 2024

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy resulting from clonal proliferation of plasma cells in which significant heterogeneity has been demonstrated, both cytogenetically and molecularly. Translocation (11;14)(q13;q32), involving the CCND1 gene, has been described as the most common one, its estimated prevalence being around 15%–24%.

OBJECTIVE:
The objective of the study was to report the prevalence of t(11;14) in Mexican individuals with MM in a single institution.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A descriptive cross-sectional study in 26 patients with MM undergoing a fluorescence in situ hybridization study with fluorescent probes for the detection of t(11;14) employing a fluorescence microscope and studying 200 interphase nuclei, referred to Laboratorios Ruiz and Synlab, Puebla, México from 2017 to 2021.

RESULTS:
The t(11;14) was found in 5 (19%) of the cases. Data on the clinical evolution of the patients was not available. In the 26 subjects, serum immunofixation was performed to identify the type of monoclonal gammopathy (MG), 13 (50%) were compatible with MG immunoglobulin (Ig) G-Lambda, 8 (30.7%) with IgG-Kappa, 4 (15.3%) with IgA-Lambda, and 1 (4%) with IgA-Kappa. Of the five individuals positive for t(11;14), four were IgG Lambda and one IgG Kappa.

CONCLUSION:
The presence of t(11;14) in our cohort is similar to that reported in other populations. The clinical implications of the t(11;14) translocation in MM have been observed in various populations, but further studies are needed to comprehensively assess its relationship to the clinical course of the disease.
A Study of Etiological Spectrum of Maternal Near-miss Cases and Quality Care Indicators in Western Region of India
Authors: Pande Alhad A. , Karena Zalak Vinaybhai , Goswami Kamal D. 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Maternal death review has remained the fundamental quality care indicator for any maternal health-care governance program. Maternal near-miss (MNM) cases which are the forerunner of mortality cases could serve as a proxy indicator to evaluate the obstetric quality care.

Objectives:
To calculate MNM to mortality ratio of the institute and to study the etiological spectrum of MNM cases.

Materials and Methods:
A hospital-based prospective observational study was carried out. Cases were taken as defined based on the WHO MNM criteria. Data collection was done through information retrieval from case records and by in-depth interviews with the help of semi-structured questionnaire of MNM cases from 2 days after their admission up till discharge. Each case was documented with respect to the demographic details, adverse events and aetiology.

Results:
The MNM to mortality ratio was 1.16:1, MNM incidence ratio in our study was 4.12 and the mortality index was 46.23. Seventy-six per cent of cases were referred cases. The main causes for near-miss were post-partum haemorrhage (30%) followed by pre-eclampsia (26%). Hypertension was the most significant comorbidity in 28% of cases, while 26% had cardiac disease and 26% had severe anaemia.

Conclusions:
Studying near-miss mortality cases provides a valuable insight of the quality of care of the institute. MNM case review should be a part of regular governance process of the maternity care unit to plan and implement focused care.
Relationship between physical performance and mental health in community-living elderly people
Authors: Samuel Sanjay Eapen , Priya S. , Prem Chaithanya 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
Aging is a sensitive period in human life, in which people are at increased risk of developing chronic illness, isolation, and lack of social protection and their autonomy is threatened due to their physical and mental disabilities. Widespread lockdown and preventative measures have made elderly individuals homebound and experienced limited access to physical performance and mental health care. Mental health problems in the elderly are the result of a complex interaction of social, psychological, and biological factors.

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY:
The objective of the study was to determine the relationship between physical performance and mental health (stress, anxiety, and depression) in community-living elderly people during the COVID-19 pandemic.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Physical performance was assessed by physical performance test (PPT) and mental health was assessed by the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21. Spearman’s rank correlation test was used to find the relationship between variables.

RESULTS:
Twenty-eight urban and semi-urban community-living elderly people participated in this study. A statistically significant negative correlation was found (1) between PPT and anxiety (r = −0.386, P = 0.042) and (2) between PPT and depression (r = −0.376 and P = 0.045). There was also a weak negative correlation between PPT and stress level (r = −0.243 and P = 0.212), but the same was not statistically significant.

CONCLUSION:
The study concluded that individuals with higher physical performance have less anxiety and depression symptoms among community-living elderly people.
Multimodal audiovisual speech recognition architecture using a three‐feature multi‐fusion method for noise‐robust systems
Authors: Jeon Sanghun , Lee Jieun , Yeo Dohyeon , Lee Yong‐Ju , Kim SeungJun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractExposure to varied noisy environments impairs the recognition performance of artificial intelligence‐based speech recognition technologies. Degraded‐performance services can be utilized as limited systems that assure good performance in certain environments, but impair the general quality of speech recognition services. This study introduces an audiovisual speech recognition (AVSR) model robust to various noise settings, mimicking human dialogue recognition elements. The model converts word embeddings and log‐Mel spectrograms into feature vectors for audio recognition. A dense spatial–temporal convolutional neural network model extracts features from log‐Mel spectrograms, transformed for visual‐based recognition. This approach exhibits improved aural and visual recognition capabilities. We assess the signal‐to‐noise ratio in nine synthesized noise environments, with the proposed model exhibiting lower average error rates. The error rate for the AVSR model using a three‐feature multi‐fusion method is 1.711%, compared to the general 3.939% rate. This model is applicable in noise‐affected environments owing to its enhanced stability and recognition rate.
Named entity recognition using transfer learning and small human‐ and meta‐pseudo‐labeled datasets
Authors: Bae Kyoungman , Lim Joon‐Ho 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe introduce a high‐performance named entity recognition (NER) model for written and spoken language. To overcome challenges related to labeled data scarcity and domain shifts, we use transfer learning to leverage our previously developed KorBERT as the base model. We also adopt a meta‐pseudo‐label method using a teacher/student framework with labeled and unlabeled data. Our model presents two modifications. First, the student model is updated with an average loss from both human‐ and pseudo‐labeled data. Second, the influence of noisy pseudo‐labeled data is mitigated by considering feedback scores and updating the teacher model only when below a threshold (0.0005). We achieve the target NER performance in the spoken language domain and improve that in the written language domain by proposing a straightforward rollback method that reverts to the best model based on scarce human‐labeled data. Further improvement is achieved by adjusting the label vector weights in the named entity dictionary.
Knowledge of Oral Cancer among Dental Patients in South-Southern Nigeria
Authors: Edetanlen B.E. , Ogbikaya J.A. , Babalola O. 
Published: February 2024

Background: Despite recent advances in the detection and treatment of oral cancer (OC), the rate of late presentation by patients is still high. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge about the risk factors and early signs of OC among dental patients in a Nigerian secondary health facility.
Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study design recruited all consecutive patients at the Stella Obasanjo Hospital, Edo state, Nigeria. Data were obtained using a self-administered questionnaire which was given to all participants that gave written informed consent. Data was collected and analysed
Results: All the 250 respondents approached agreed to participate in the present study. The age range was 18 to 84 years with a mean age of 34.1±12.2 years. There were 71(28.4%) males and 179(71.6%) females. Only 140(56.0%) of the respondents were aware of OC and 70(50.0%) of them had the information from internet/ mass media. Only 65(25.6%) were certain that old age is a risk factor of OC. The age, gender, place of residence, level of education and occupation of the respondents did not significantly affect the level of awareness of the respondents (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: The knowledge of risk factors and early signs of OC was unsatisfactory in the patients. The demographic features of the respondents were not related to the level of awareness of OC.
Correlation between Hearing Thresholds and Habitual use of Headphones/Earphones among Students of Tertiary Institutions in Northwestern Nigeria
Authors: Haruna K. , Salisu A.D. , Labaran S.A. , Fufore M.B. 
Published: February 2024

Background: There has been ongoing concern that prolonged use of headphones/earphones that amplify the sound intensity can lead to noise induced hearing loss. This study therefore aimed at determining the correlation between hearing thresholds and habitual usage of headphones/earphones among undergraduates of tertiary institutions in Northwestern Nigeria.
Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on young adults, who are undergraduate students of tertiary institutions, to assess the hearing thresholds of individuals who frequently use headphones or earphones. Ethical clearance was obtained, and participants who met specific criteria were selected. Amultistage sampling technique was used, and 272 participants (representing 544 ears) with equal number of controls were recruited. They completed questionnaires and underwent otoscopic examination and pure tone audiometry (PTA). Those having wax or foreign bodies in the ears had it removed before performing PTA. The data was recorded and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Frequency tables and variable relationships were examined to determine significance, which was set at a p-value of <0.05.
Result: The study involved 272 users of headphones/earphones (representing 544 ears) and an equal number of age- and sex-matched controls. The participants' ages ranged between 18 and 33, with 50.4% being male. The pure tone average among the headphones/earphones users and the controls ranged from 11.0 – 43.8dB, with a mean of 20.2±6.0 and 10.6 – 43.2dB, with a mean of 19.6 ± 4.5, respectively. More than half, 280/544 ears (51.5%) of the participants used headphones/earphones for over 4 years, and of these, 222/280 ears (79.3%) used them for 1 – 4 hours daily. Moderate volume was the preferred listening mode for 63.2% of the users. A moderate positive correlation was observed between hearing thresholds and hours of headphone/earphone use, and a weak positive correlation between hearing thresholds and preferred level of loudness (r = 0.290, p < 0.0001) while no correlation was found between hearing threshold and long-term use (r = 0.003, p = 0.937).
Conclusion: This study suggests that individuals who use headphones or earphones for prolonged periods of listening hours daily or at higher listening levels tend to have poorer hearing thresholds.
Effect of pineapple peel addition on sorghum ensilage
Authors: Chacon S.A.R.G. , Araujo T.L.A.C. , Pinedo L.A. , Lima Junior D.M. , Assis L.C.S.L.C. , Pereira M.W.F. , Lima P.O. 
Published: February 2024

Silage mixed with forage and byproducts is an alternative nutritional strategy for ruminant production. This study aimed to characterize chemical–nutritional aspects, fermentative profile, and digestibility of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) silage with different contents of pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr.) peel inclusion at 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, or 80% of fresh matter. The experimental design was completely randomized with five replicates per treatment. Mixed feeds were ensiled in experimental silos for 65 days, subsequently opened, and samples were analysed. The increase in the proportions of pineapple peel caused a linear increase in dry matter, crude protein, mineral matter, ether extract, soluble carbohydrate, cellulose, lignin, and in vitro digestibility of dry matter in sorghum silage. The mean concentrations of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) had a negative quadratic relationship with the inclusion of pineapple peel, reducing from 0% to 40% (-2.56% for NDF and -3.14% for ADF) followed by stabilization at subsequent contents. Silage pH was not influenced, however, acetic and propionic acids increased linearly, while butyric acid decreased linearly with pineapple peel inclusion. The highest losses in gases and effluents were obtained in silage with 0% pineapple peel inclusion (1.77% of dry matter and 4.06 kg t-1 of dry matter), which resulted in lower dry matter recovery (93.56%). Adding pineapple peel to sorghum benefits composition, fermentation, in vitro digestibility, and decreases silage losses. An inclusion of 40–80% sorghum can be recommended.
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO IRRATIONAL PRESCRIPTION OF ANTIBIOTICS AMONG PRESCRIBERS IN CHILDREN BELOW 12 YEARS, KAWOLO GENERAL HOSPITAL, BUIKWE DISTRICT. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
Authors: BAKEERA DERRICK , Niwagira Mulodokayi 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Specific objectives: To determine & identify the individual and health facility-related factors contributing to the irrational prescription of antibiotics among prescribers to children below 12 years in Kawolo General Hospital.
Methods:
A cross-sectional study was done on only health workers of Kawolo General Hospital. A convenience sampling technique was used to obtain the sample of participants.
Results:
The majority of the respondents were between 30-39yrs (40%), married (60%), and nurses by profession (40%). The study findings showed that (64%) of the respondents reported having positive attitude towards irrational prescription of antibiotics, most(46%) reported working 12 hours a day, (84%) reported that there are no senior medical officers who usually approve the prescriptions, (60%) reported that junior health workers are not equipped with the knowledge about using diagnostic tools, (68%) reported that they have experienced pressure while prescribing,(92%) were not provided with the prescription guidelines, (96%) were not oriented about the use of guidelines, (72%) reported that the health facility does not engage health works in professional training,(76%) reported that there is no supervision carried out on junior health workers.
Conclusion:
The factors contributing to irrational prescription of antibiotics among prescribers of children below 12 years include inadequate knowledge of prescribers, pressure experienced by prescribers from patients, working for long hours, lack of continuous professional development, and failure of the hospital management to provide the prescription guidelines to prescribers.
Recommendations:
The Ministry of Health should enforce the use of Uganda's clinical guidelines in clinical practice to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment of prevailing diseases. The management of Kawolo General Hospital should conduct strict supervision and guidance to the junior health workers.