bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Left ventricular hemodynamics with veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Kalra Rajat , Alexy Tamas , Bartos Jason A. , Prisco Anthony R. , Kosmopoulos Marinos , Maharaj Valmiki R. , Bernal Alejandra Gutierrez , Elliott Andrea M. , Garcia Santiago , Raveendran Ganesh , John Ranjit , Burkhoff Daniel , Yannopoulos Demetris 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere is considerable debate about the hemodynamic effects of veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA‐ECMO).AimsTo evaluate the changes in left ventricular (LV) function, volumes, and work in patients treated with VA‐ECMO using invasive LV catheterization and three‐dimensional echocardiographic volumes.MethodsPatients on VA‐ECMO underwent invasive hemodynamic evaluation due to concerns regarding candidacy for decannulation. Hemodynamic parameters were reported as means±standard deviations or medians (interquartile ranges) after evaluating for normality. Paired comparisons were done to evaluate hemodynamics at the baseline (highest) and lowest tolerated levels of VA‐ECMO support.ResultsTwenty patients aged 52.3 ± 15.8 years were included. All patients received VA‐ECMO for refractory cardiogenic shock (5/20 SCAI stage D, 15/20 SCAI stage E). At 3.0 (2.0, 4.0) days after VA‐ECMO cannulation, the baseline LV ejection fraction was 20% (15%, 27%). The baseline and lowest VA‐ECMO flows were 4.0 ± 0.6 and 1.5 ± 0.6 L/min, respectively. Compared to the lowest flow, full VA‐ECMO support reduced LV end‐diastolic volume [109 ± 81 versus 134 ± 93 mL, p = 0.001], LV end‐diastolic pressure (14 ± 9 vs. 19 ± 9 mmHg, p < 0.001), LV stroke work (1858 ± 1413 vs. 2550 ± 1486 mL*mmHg, p = 0.002), and LV pressure‐volume area (PVA) (4507 ± 1910 vs. 5193 ± 2388, p = 0.03) respectively. Mean arterial pressure was stable at the highest and lowest flows (80 ± 16 vs. 75 ± 14, respectively; p = 0.08) but arterial elastance was higher at the highest VA‐ECMO flow (4.9 ± 2.2 vs lowest flow 2.7 ± 1.6; p < 0.001).ConclusionsHigh flow VA‐ECMO support significantly reduced LV end‐diastolic pressure, end‐diastolic volume, stroke work, and PVA compared to minimal support. The Ea was higher and MAP was stable or minimally elevated on high flow.
Selective Glycerol‐to‐glycerate Electro‐oxidation on Cerium‐modified Pt/C Nanocatalyst in an Alkaline Direct Alcohol Fuel Cell: Cogeneration of Energy and Value‐added Products
Authors: Cursi Fabiano S. , Grimaud Laurie , Rousseau Julie , Servat Karine , Morais Cláudia , Napporn Teko W. , de Andrade Adalgisa R. , Kokoh K. Boniface 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGlycerol electro‐oxidation reaction was performed in an alkaline environment with an anion exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC) operating in bath mode at low Pt‐loadings. BAE‐synthesized Pt/C and PtCe/C nanostructured catalysts were used as anode materials during 4‐hour operation to selectively obtain 65 % and 41 % of glycerate as main product, respectively. The modification of Pt with Ce improved the catalytic activity of the Pt/C catalyst generating 30 % more energy density after 4‐hour operation by achieving a higher degree of glycerol oxidation in cogeneration with added‐value products confirmed by spectroelectrochemical (in situ FTIR) and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC–MS) analyses. The bifunctional mechanism generated by the presence of Ce is used to explain the improvement in the catalytic activity of Pt/C, due to the properties of this rare earth element to adsorb oxygenated species (OH−) and promote oxidation. The cathode material was a polyol‐synthesized PdFe/C electro‐catalyst for ORR that presented impressive stability and tolerance to glycerol.
Atomically dispersed Mn–Nx catalysts derived from Mn‐hexamine coordination frameworks for oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Zhong Guoyu , Zou Liuyong , Chi Xiao , Meng Zhen , Chen Zehong , Li Tingzhen , Huang Yongfa , Fu Xiaobo , Liao Wenbo , Zheng Shaona , Xu Yongjun , Peng Feng , Peng Xinwen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks recently have been burgeoning and used as precursors to obtain various metal–nitrogen–carbon catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Although rarely studied, Mn–N–C is a promising catalyst for ORR due to its weak Fenton reaction activity and strong graphitization catalysis. Here, we developed a facile strategy for anchoring the atomically dispersed nitrogen‐coordinated single Mn sites on carbon nanosheets (MnNCS) from an Mn‐hexamine coordination framework. The atomically dispersed Mn–N4 sites were dispersed on ultrathin carbon nanosheets with a hierarchically porous structure. The optimized MnNCS displayed an excellent ORR performance in half‐cells (0.89 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) in base and 0.76 V vs. RHE in acid in half‐wave potential) and Zn–air batteries (233 mW cm−2 in peak power density), along with significantly enhanced stability. Density functional theory calculations further corroborated that the Mn–N4–C12 site has favorable adsorption of *OH as the rate‐determining step. These findings demonstrate that the metal‐hexamine coordination framework can be used as a model system for the rational design of highly active atomic metal catalysts for energy applications.
Photoinduced Puffing with Large Volume Expansion and Photomechanical Motions induced by Topochemical [4+4] Reactions in Molecular Crystal Solvates
Authors: Giri Prasenjit , Panda Atanu , Panda Manas K. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this work, we report the first example of two crystal solvates of an anthracene‐benzhydrazide based molecule (Ant) that display very distinct photo‐responsive behaviour when 365 or 405 nm or visible light is illuminated. For the first time, the crystal hydrate that has water molecule in the lattice (hereafter named as Ant−H2O) display fascinating puffing behavior with large volume expansion upto 50 % accompanied with surface modulation when illuminated with 405 nm light, a phenomenon very much similar to the rice or popcorn puffing by thermal treatment. Utilizing the properties of photoconverted Ant−H2O crystals, we have demonstrated their application in photoinduced enhanced liquid absorption using various liquids/solutions. The other crystal solvate having DMF in the crystal lattice (hereafter named as Ant−DMF) responds to 405 nm light by bending, twisting, chopping, jumping or splitting etc. The chopping of Ant−DMF crystal was also observed under ambient/white light but at a slower rate compared to 405 nm light. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction study reveals that the photoinduced puffing and photomechanical effects of these materials are rooted to the topochemical [4+4] cycloaddition reaction between the anthracene moieties that facilitate molecular packing change assisted by the reconfiguration of intermolecular non‐covalent interactions involving lattice trapped solvent molecules.
Refined Synthesis and Single Crystal Growth of PbGa2Se4by Chemical Vapor Transport Method for Photodetection
Authors: Ji Leilei , Xiao Bao , Yin Ziang , Sun Qihao , Xu Yadong , Jie Wanqi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTernary chalcogenide PbGa2Se4with high resistivity, photosensitivity, and excellent nonlinear properties, exhibits a potential application in optoelectronic and nonlinear optical devices. However, the preparation of large‐sized pure PbGa2Se4crystals is challenging due to the presence of peritectic reaction and a narrow homogeneity region. Here, a “quenching‐annealing” method (quenching at 850 °C in ice water, and then annealing at 650 °C for 250 h by reheating) is developed to eliminate the PbSe second phase during the synthesis. Subsequently, the PbGa2Se4single crystals are successfully grown using chemical vapor transport (CVT) with the I2as the transport agent. The resulting crystal exhibits the crystal structure belonging toFdddspace group with the lattice parameters ofa= 12.7192 Å,b= 21.2831 Å, andc= 21.5226 Å. Additionally, it possesses a wide bandgap (≈2.26 eV), high resistivity (6.59 × 1012Ω·cm), and defect density calculated via space charge limited current measurement (SCLC) as 2.46 × 1011cm−3. Photodetectors based on these as‐grown crystals demonstrate exceptional photosensitivity along with a high detectivity (3.2 × 108Jones).
Out‐group help in the time of Covid‐19 and intergroup reconciliation in the Western Balkans
Authors: Castano Emanuele , Čehajić‐Clancy Sabina , Leidner Bernhard , Baumert Anna , Li Mengyao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn March 2021, Serbia made the unprecedented announcement to offer free Covid‐19 vaccination to citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and notably to Bosniaks, against whom three decades earlier Serbia had waged a bloody war. How was this policy appraised and, most importantly, did the policy appraisal impact reconciliation? We report here the results of a longitudinal investigation amid a representative sample of Bosniak youth (N = 450). Results suggest that a positive appraisal of this actual, state‐level policy, predicted improvement on a series of intergroup reconciliation indicators (e.g., trust in the out‐group, forgiveness for past violence, hope for future relationship), particularly so amid those who are strongly attached to their Bosniak in‐group.
A complete pipeline enables haplotyping and phasing macrohaplotype in long sequencing reads for polyploidy samples and a multi‐source DNA mixture
Authors: Wang Xuewen , Muenzler Melissa , King Jonathan , Liu Muyi , Li Hongmin , Budowle Bruce , Ge Jianye 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMacrohaplotype combines multiple types of phased DNA variants, increasing forensic discrimination power. High‐quality long‐sequencing reads, for example, PacBio HiFi reads, provide data to detect macrohaplotypes in multiploidy and DNA mixtures. However, the bioinformatics tools for detecting macrohaplotypes are lacking. In this study, we developed a bioinformatics software, MacroHapCaller, in which targeted loci (i.e., short TRs [STRs], single nucleotide polymorphisms, and insertion and deletions) are genotyped and combined with novel algorithms to call macrohaplotypes from long reads. MacroHapCaller uses physical phasing (i.e., read‐backed phasing) to identify macrohaplotypes, and thus it can detect multi‐allelic macrohaplotypes for a given sample. MacroHapCaller was validated with data generated from our designed targeted PacBio HiFi sequencing pipeline, which sequenced ∼8‐kb amplicon regions harboring 20 core forensic STR loci in human benchmark samples HG002 and HG003. MacroHapCaller also was validated in whole‐genome long‐read sequencing data. Robust and accurate genotyping and phased macrohaplotypes were obtained with MacroHapCaller compared with the known ground truth. MacroHapCaller achieved a higher or consistent genotyping accuracy and faster speed than existing tools HipSTR and DeepVar. MacroHapCaller enables efficient macrohaplotype analysis from high‐throughput sequencing data and supports applications using discriminating macrohaplotypes.
Baicalein, a dietary flavonoid, enhances the insulin‐sensitizing effect of metformin to prevent type 2 diabetes via the regulation of lipid metabolism and gut microenvironment
Authors: Xing Yan , Liu Haodong , Zhang Danyang , Jiang Hui , Xiu Zhilong , Dong Yuesheng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBaicalein is a natural flavonoid abundant in various foods and dietary plants, including Tuber aestivum and Oroxylum indicum. In this study, we investigated the role of baicalein in enhancing the insulin‐sensitizing effect of metformin in mice with prediabetes. Baicalein, when combined with 25% of normal‐dose metformin, achieved a diabetes‐reversion rate of 80%, which was 1.86‐fold that of normal‐dose metformin. Mechanistically, baicalein enhanced the insulin‐sensitizing effect of metformin on lipid metabolism by inhibiting de novo lipogenesis through the AMP‐activated protein kinase/SREBP‐1c/FASN pathway and by inducing fatty‐acid β‐oxidation through the upregulation of ACSL1, CPT1A, EHHADH, and acyl‐CoA dehydrogenases (ACADL/ACADM/ACADS). Meanwhile, baicalein enhanced the insulin‐sensitizing effect of metformin via the modulation of the gut microenvironment by enriching probiotics, especially Akkermansia by 53.4‐fold, depleting opportunistic pathogens, and strengthening the intestinal barrier. The improved gut microenvironment led to the alleviation of chronic endotoxemia, as evidenced by decreased levels of lipopolysaccharide and proinflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, baicalein enhanced the effect of metformin on decreasing the circulating level of branched‐chain amino acids (BCAAs), which further improved insulin sensitivity by normalizing the mTORC1/p70S6K/IRS1 signaling pathway and de novo lipogenesis. Moreover, the role of baicalein in enhancing the insulin‐sensitizing effect of metformin was verified by an oleic acid‐induced steatosis model and a BCAA‐induced insulin resistance model in hepatocytes. Our study laid a theoretical foundation for developing baicalein into a dietary supplement for diabetes prevention. The diverse mechanisms of food‐derived flavonoids can be applied in the development of dietary supplements to enhance the efficacy of oral hyperglycemic agents currently used in clinics.
Nurturing longevity through natural compounds: Where do we stand, and where do we go?
Authors: Todorova Monika N. , Savova Martina S. , Mihaylova Liliya V. , Georgiev Milen I. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe revolution in aging research through the past decade has driven the progress in interventions that promote longevity. Dissection of the “old” hallmarks of aging has provided solid data for the definition of at least three “new” ones, opening avenues for the development of novel hallmark‐targeted pro‐longevity approaches. The quest for geroprotectors is of enormous interest with the ultimate goal of finding the alchemical stone that induces healthy aging and increases lifespan, pushing the limits of human longevity or even uncovering the absence of such limits. Several of the well‐appreciated geroprotectors that are recognized as longevity promoters are of natural origin such as metformin, resveratrol, aspirin, and spermidine. As the search for pharmacological modulators of healthspan and lifespan continues, numerous studies are focusing on the potential of plant secondary metabolites. The current review attempts to critically assess the available interventions and the breakthrough discoveries in the field of longevity research over the past decade. Correspondingly, novel approaches targeting the hallmarks of aging have been outlined, and the future goals in longevity research have been enlightened. Special emphasis has been placed on the potential of plant‐derived compounds as pro‐longevity agents.
Cellulose nanofibers, nanocrystals, and bacterial nanocellulose: Fabrication, characterization, and their most recent applications
Authors: Rostamabadi Hadis , Bist Yograj , Kumar Yogesh , Yildirim‐Yalcin Meral , Ceyhan Tugce , Falsafi Seid Reza 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn nature, cellulose is present in fibrillar structures with alternative crystalline and amorphous fragments. The application of various chemical treatments (acid hydrolysis, enzymolysis, and oxidation) could lead to the extraction and purification of crystalline compartments in the form of cellulose nanocrystals. On the other hand, applying harsh mechanical treatments (milling, ultrasonication, high‐pressure processing, grinding, microfluidization, etc.) could result in the degradation of cellulose macrostructures into nano‐fibrillated segments without depletion of the amorphous fractions. These structures are called cellulose nanofibers. Bacterial nanocelluloses (BNCs) are another nanostructure of cellulose that is generated through the bottom–up technique. BNCs are the purest forms of cellulose nanostructures (CNSs). Hitherto, various spectroscopy and microscopy characterization techniques have been developed for in‐depth investigation of CNSs. The valuable information obtained via such instrumental techniques has opened windows on new horizons for the application of CNSs in novel realms. Nowadays, CNSs have found a seat in biomedical, packaging, emulsification, water filtration, and textile applications. In this review, after describing various forms of CNSs and their fabrication methods, the most recent techniques that have been utilized for the characterization of these structures plus their current application in different realms are comprehensively overviewed.
Breast cancer screening awareness, practice, and perceived barriers: A community‐based cross‐sectional study among women in south‐eastern Bangladesh
Authors: Hoq Mohammad Injamul , Jahan Shamima , Mahmud Md. Hasan , Hasan Md. Mayin Uddin , Jakaria Md. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsBreast cancer is a leading cause of mortality in Bangladesh. An early‐stage screening is the best way to reduce both the morbidity and mortality burden of breast cancer. The study evaluated awareness, practice, and perceived barriers toward breast cancer screening in Bangladesh.MethodsA community‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted from October 2021 to December 2022 in Chattogram, Bangladesh, where 869 women (18 years or above) were randomly selected in this study.ResultsAmong 869 participants, 47.3% of women were recruited from urban areas and 52.7% participated from rural areas. Only 32.68% of respondents (urban vs. rural: 44.28% vs. 22.27%) were aware of breast self‐examination (BSE) and 52.47% of respondents (urban vs. rural: 63.75% vs. 42.36%) had ever heard Clinical Breast Examination (CBE), respectively. Among the respondents, 27.73% (urban vs. rural: 40.15% vs. 16.59%) performed their BSE, and only 14.61% of respondents (urban vs. rural: 21.90% vs. 8.08%) had ever visited for CBE. Women residing in rural areas were approximately three times (AOR: 0.36 [95% CI: 0.25–0.52], AOR: 0.37 [95% CI: 0.23–0.58]) less likely to perform BSE and CBE, respectively, than urban dwellers. We found that higher‐educated women tend to do more BSE and CBE than women with low levels of education. Perceptions of having “no symptoms” and being “risk‐free” are leading barriers to breast screening among women.ConclusionPoor awareness and practice were observed in screening among the urban and rural women in Bangladesh. Urban area dwellers had comparatively better understanding and practice than rural dwellers. We think extending health education and health promotion activities toward breast cancer screening is essential in this region.
Strategies for improving the financing of family medicine program: Evidence from Iran
Authors: Kabir Mohammad Javad , Moeini Sajad , Heidari Alireza 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsThe impact of health financing on the performance of the entire health system, including access, quality, and efficiency of healthcare, has been emphasized in the Astana Declaration, and the need to strengthen primary healthcare (PHC) and policy integration has been emphasized. After about two decades, the family medicine (FM) program in Iran is still facing great challenges. The aim of this study is to explore strategies for strengthening financing of the FM program in Iran, a vital component of PHC.MethodsA qualitative study was conducted in 2021. Purposeful sampling was used to select 34 policymakers, managers, and experts from various levels of the Ministry of Health, Iran universities of medical sciences, plan and budget organization of Iran, and health insurance organization in Iran. Thirty‐four semistructured interviews were conducted to collect data, which were analyzed by content analysis.ResultsThrough the analysis of interviews, our study has identified five strategies (identification and management of sustainable resources, pooling of sustainable resources, modeling of service provision, payment system model and its implementation process, and FM management structure), and 13 actions for strengthening financing of the FM program in Iran.ConclusionOur study has identified five strategies and 13 actions for strengthening the financing of the FM program in Iran. These strategies and actions should be considered by policymakers during the review of the FM program in Iran. Without implementation of the suggested strategies and action, allocated resources may be wasted.
The combined effect of split fueling strategy and EGR on the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of a CRDI biofuel engine
Authors: Fernandes Lawrence Joseph , Rajashekhar Chandrashekharapura Ramachandraiah , Dinesha Pijakala 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe current research investigates the impact of a split fueling strategy combined with several flow rates of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on the combustion and emission characteristics of a diesel engine running on B20 waste cooking oil (WCO) biodiesel. A four‐stroke single‐cylinder common rail direct injection engine was employed for experiments. It operates with a B20 blend of WCO biodiesel at 600 bar pressure for varying pilot fueling conditions of 10%, 20%, and 30%. The B20 blend with 30% pilot fuel injection (B20P30) showed excellent performance and emission characteristics compared with B20 blend with 10% pilot fuel injection (B20P10) and B20 with 20% pilot fuel injection (B20P20). However, B20P30 had greater levels of nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions than those by diesel. EGR discharge levels in 5% increments, ranging from 0% to 15% were introduced to address this issue. The experimental findings revealed that both cylinder peak pressure and heat release rate showed a reduction when the EGR flow rate was enhanced. The recirculation of exhaust gas into the combustion chamber led to a slight increase in the emission levels of hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and smoke, as well as a decrease in carbon dioxide (CO2). Nevertheless, the introduction of EGR significantly decreased NOx emissions by 22.94%, 35.05%, and 47.96% for EGR flow rates of 5%, 10%, and 15%, respectively, when compared with the engine operating without EGR. Overall, the two‐stage fueling strategy, B20P30 blended with 10% EGR corroborated to be beneficial in reducing NOx emissions with minimal performance penalties. Although there was a slight uptick in certain emissions, the overall trade‐off between emission reduction and performance was favorable. The culmination of this study is targeting the objectives of sustainable development goal 7 (clean energy) and goal 13 (climate action) to be achieved by 2030.