bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning, odour preference and flower foraging in moths
Authors: Cunningham John Paul , Moore Chris J. , Zalucki Myron P. , West Stuart A. 
Published: November 2003

SUMMARY
Floral volatiles play a major role in plant–insect communication. We examined the influence of two volatiles, phenylacetaldehyde andα-pinene, on the innate and learnt foraging behaviour of the moth Helicoverpa armigera. In dual-choice wind tunnel tests, adult moths flew upwind towards both volatiles, with a preference for phenylacetaldehyde. When exposure to either of these volatiles was paired with a feeding stimulus(sucrose), all moths preferred the learnt odour in the preference test. This change in preference was not seen when moths were exposed to the odour without a feeding stimulus. The learnt preference for the odour was reduced when moths were left unfed for 24 h before the preference test.
We tested whether moths could discriminate between flowers that differed in a single volatile component. Moths were trained to feed on flowers that were odour-enhanced using either phenylacetaldehyde or α-pinene. Choice tests were then carried out in an outdoor flight cage, using flowers enhanced with either volatile. Moths showed a significant preference for the flower type on which they were trained. Moths that were conditioned on flowers that were not odour-enhanced showed no preference for either of the odour-enhanced flower types. The results imply that moths may be discriminating among odour profiles of individual flowers from the same species. We discuss this behaviour within the context of nectar foraging in moths and odour signalling by flowering plants.
Prozessstufen übergreifende Synthese eines Qualitätsmodells für Sinteranlagen von Eisenerzen (Synthesis of Plantwide Quality Prediction Systems for Iron Ore Sintering Plants)
Authors: Langer M. , Vogel-Heuser Birgit 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
Bei stark totzeitbehafteten Prozessen, bei denen die Messung der Qualität online nicht möglich ist, bietet die Vorhersage qualitätsbestimmender Zielgrößen eine geeignete Alternative zur effektiven Verbesserung der Prozessführung. Basis einer solchen Vorhersage ist die Prozessstufen übergreifende, ganzheitliche Modellierung von Einfluss nehmenden Wirkzusammenhängen. Am Beispiel einer Sinteranlage für Eisenerze wird über die Anwendung eines Vorgehensmodells für die Synthese eines globalen Qualitätsmodells berichtet.
SmartKom - Multimodale Mensch-Technik-Interaktion (SmartKom – Multimodal Human Computer Interaction)
Authors: Reithinger Norbert , Blocher Anselm 
Published: November 2003

Zusammenfassung
Eine der größten Herausforderungen für die Wissensgesellschaft ist derzeit die Schaffung intelligenter Benutzerschnittstellen, die den natürlichen Kommunikationsstil von Computerlaien akzeptieren und so unterstützen, dass eine für den Menschen intuitive und benutzergerechte Mensch-Technik-Interaktion entsteht. Im Leitprojekt SmartKom werden Konzepte für die Entwicklung völlig neuartiger Formen der Mensch-Technik-Interaktion erprobt. Das Ziel von SmartKom ist die Erforschung und Entwicklung einer selbsterklärenden, benutzeradaptiven Schnittstelle für die Interaktion von Mensch und Technik im Dialog. Das Vorhaben wird von der Vorstellung geleitet, die Vorteile sprachlich dialogischer Kommunikation zu verschmelzen mit den Vorteilen graphischer Bedienoberflächen und gestisch Ausdrucks zu verschmelzen. Das Ergebnis ist eine höherwertige Benutzerschnittstelle, die die natürlichen menschlichen Sinne in größerem Umfang als bisher berücksichtigt. SmartKom geht damit einen wichtigen Schritt auf dem Weg zur Entwicklung einer auf den Menschen zugeschnittenen Informationstechnologie.
Eigenschaften einer modernen Ein-/Ausgabe-Architektur (Characteristics of a Modern In/Out Architecture)
Authors: Lehmann H. , Spruth Wilhelm G. 
Published: November 2003

Zusammenfassung
Das Leistungsverhalten moderner kommerzieller Großrechner wird in ganz besonderem Maße durch die eingesetzte Ein-/Ausgabe (E/A)-Architektur mitbestimmt. Auf diesem Gebiet haben die S/390- und zSeries-Rechner eine Führungsposition mit inne, die auf einer ganzen Reihe von Einrichtungen beruht, die in anderen Rechnerarchitekturen (zum Teil noch) nicht verfügbar sind. Hierzu gehören neben Anderem ein getrenntes E/A-Kanal-Subsystem, das parallel zur CPU arbeitet, die Möglichkeit, über unterschiedliche Pfade dynamisch auf den gleichen Plattenspeicher zuzugreifen, oder eine Prioritätssteuerung, die über einen Work Load Manager eine kontinuierliche Anpassung der E/A-Ressourcen an sich dynamisch ändernde Belastungsprofile ermöglicht. Der vorliegende Beitrag enthält eine Übersicht über moderne E/A-Einrichtungen am Beispiel der S/390- und zSeries-Rechner und ihre Zuordnung in dem kommenden InfiniBand-Standard.
Die SQL-Norm (The SQL Standard)
Authors: Michels J.-E. , Kulkarni K. , Farrar C. M. , Eisenberg A. , Mattos N. , Darwen H. 
Published: November 2003

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Artikel geben die Autoren einen Überblick über die neuesten Funktionen der nächsten Version der SQL-Norm (SQL:2003) sowie eine kurze Zusammenfassung der vorhandenen Funktionalität in der aktuell gültigen Norm (SQL:1999) und den früheren Versionen. Zusätzlich wird auf ausgewählte Teile des Standards ausführlicher eingegangen. Abschließend wird kurz auf die Zukunft der SQL-Norm aus Sicht der Autoren eingegangen.
Testen sicherheitskritischer Software zwischen Theorie und Praxis: Eine Bestandsaufnahme (Testing Safety-Critical Software in Theory and Practice: A Summary)
Authors: Liggesmeyer P. 
Published: November 2003

Zusammenfassung
Dynamisches Testen wird — ungeachtet der bekannten Schwächen — in der Praxis häufig verwendet. Dies gilt auch für die Entwicklung sicherheitskritischer Software. Im Folgenden werden die Ursachen für diese Situation analysiert. Darüber hinaus werden die möglichen Alternativen untersucht sowie die Forderungen ausgewählter Standards in Bezug auf die Software-Prüfung diskutiert.
Uranyl(VI) complexes with alpha-substituted carboxylic acids in aqueous solution
Authors: Moll H. , Geipel G. , Reich T. , Bernhard G. , Fanghänel Th. , Grenthe I. 
Published: November 2003

Summary
The complex formation in the binary uranium(VI)-glycolate, -α-hydoxyisobutyrate, -α-aminoisobutyrate systems in 1.0 M NaClO4 medium was studied by means of UV-vis, TRLFS, and EXAFS. An increase in absorption and a red shift of the spectra, 5 nm compared to the free UO2
2+, indicate a complex formation between UO2
2+ and α-substituted carboxylic acids already at pH 2. 1:1 complexes dominate the uranyl speciation in the glycolate, α-hydoxyisobutyrate, and α-aminoisobutyrate system at pH 2 and 3, respectively. At higher ligand concentrations a 1:2 complex between UO2
2+ and α-aminoisobutyric acid was observed. There is a very strong quenching of the U(VI) fluorescence in theuranyl–α-hydroxycarboxylate systems that can be quantitatively described by the Stern–Volmer equation. As a result of the strong quenching it is not possible to detect fluorescence spectra for these complexes using TRLFS. The UO2
2+(aq) concentration calculated from the Stern–Volmer equation was used to determine equilibrium constants which are in good agreement with those obtained by potentiometry and NMR spectroscopy. No quenching was observed in the α-aminoisobutyrate system and their fluorescence spectra could be deconvoluted into components for the different species present. The following stability constants result from our TRLFS experiments: a) for the glycolate system log β
UO₂(HOCH₂COO)⁺=2.52±0.20, b) for the α-hydroxyisobutyrate system log β
UO₂[HOC(CH₃)₂COO]⁺=3.40±0.21, and c) for the α-aminoisobutyrate system logβUO₂[NH₃C(CH₃)₂COO]²⁺=1.30±0.10 and log β
UO₂[NH₃C(CH₃)₂COO]₂²⁺=2.07±0.25. An increase of the fluorescence intensity connected with a red shift of the fluorescence emission spectra was observed in the system uranyl–α-aminoisobutyric acid. Fluorescence lifetimes and spectra were obtained for UO2
2+, UO2[NH3C(CH3)2COO]2+, and UO2[NH3C(CH3)2COO]2
2+. Uranium L
III-edge EXAFS measurements yielded an U-Oeq distance of 2.40 to 2.43 Å in the pH range from 2 to 4 in the α-hydroxyisobutyrate system showing a dominant bidentate coordination via the oxygens of the carboxylic group. Slightly shorter U-Oeq distances of 2.40 to 2.38 Å and no evidence for U-C distances around 2.90 Å in the glycolate system in this pH range may indicate a monodentate coordinated ligand via one oxygen from the carboxylic group. The decrease in the U-Oeq distance of the equatorial oxygens in both systems to 2.36-2.37 Å at pH values ≥5 is a strong indication for the formation of a chelate complex due to the deprotonation of the α-OH-group of the ligand. In the glycolate system in the pH range 5.5 to 11, the EXAFS spectrum showed evidence of U-U interaction at 3.81 Å indicating the formation of dimeric species.
Soluble and particle-bound234,238U,226Ra and210Po in ground waters
Authors: Vaaramaa K. , Lehto J. , Ervanne H. 
Published: November 2003

SummaryWater of five drilled wells was filtered with three membranes (pore size 0.45 µm-5 kD) to determine the soluble and particle-bound forms of234,238U,226Ra and210Po. Three of the waters were of Ca-HCO3type and two of Na-Cl type. Some of the waters also exhibited high concentrations of Fe, Mn and humic substances.234,238U was present entirely in soluble form in all waters, probably as uranyl ion (UO22+) in soluble carbonate complexes.226Ra was in soluble form in the waters with low concentrations of Fe and Mn, but 10% of the total226Ra activity was bound to particles in the Fe-Mn-rich waters. The behaviour of Po varied with water composition. Particle-bound210Po was observed to correlate with the combined concentration of iron and manganese in the raw waters. In the two of waters of Na-Cl type, in which the concentrations of Fe, Mn and humic substances were high, salinity of the waters did not enhance the solubility of polonium. Polonium was present in both soluble and particle-bound forms in all the ground waters.
Photoexcitation of europium(III) in various electrolytes: Dependence of the luminescence lifetime on the type of salts and the ionic strength
Authors: Nehlig A. , Elhabiri M. , Billard I. , Albrecht-Gary A.-M. , Lützenkirchen K. 
Published: November 2003

Summary
The fluorescence characteristics (lifetime, excitation and emission spectra) of aqueous solutions of Eu(III) containing various supporting electrolytes such as HCl, NaCl, LiCl, CsCl, MgCl2, HClO4 and NaClO4 have been measured. The observed lifetime variations cannot be properly described neither through the hydration sphere phenomenological approach nor through a Stern–Volmer relationship. Long-range interactions between the excited ion and solvent molecules, in addition to an outer-sphere complexation with the anions, are proposed to account for the observed variations.
Characterization of complexation reactions of mono- and bidentate-hydroxymethyl phosphine ligands with the organometallic 99mTc(I)(OH2)3(CO)3
+ synthon
Authors: Kothari K. K. , Pillarsetty N. K. , Katti K. V. , Volkert W.A. 
Published: November 2003

Summary
The complexation reactions of the 99mTc(I)-(CO)3(OH2)3
+ precursor with tris-hydroxymethylenephosphine (THP) and a diphosphine ligand analogue (HMPE) were studied at tracer levels. Results demonstrate rapid formation of 99mTc(I)(CO)3
+ complexes with both THP and HMPE. In the presence of excess THP, conversion of initial complexes to stable, well-defined 99mTc species occurs indicating coordination of phosphine groups to Tc(I) at all three sites trans to the carbonyl ligands.
Space-group determination of cubic and its superlattice-ordered rhombohedral phases of Zn63Mg23Er14 using the convergent-beam electron diffraction method
Authors: Saitoh K. , Kounis A. , Miehe G. , Fuess H. , Sterzel R. , Assmus W. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
The space group of a cubic phase of Zn63Mg23Er14 has been determined to be F4̅3m by convergent-beam electron diffraction (CBED). This space group is in agreement with that assumed by X-ray structure analysis (Sterzel et al., Philos. Mag. Lett. 80 (2000) 239-247). A rhombohedral phase, which is considered as a superlattice ordered phase of the cubic phase, was found. The space group of the rhombohedral phase has been determined to be R3m by the CBED method.
Crystal and molecular structures of norbornene
Authors: Brunelli M. , Fitch A. N. , Jouanneaux A. , Mora A. J. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
The ordered, low-temperature phase of the globular organic molecule norbornene, (bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, C7H10), has been determined by high resolution powder X-ray diffraction using synchrotron radiation, by auto-indexing, then by intensity extraction and direct methods using the EXPO package. The structure is monoclinic, space group P21/c, Z = 4, with a = 7.6063(9) Å, b = 8.6220(1) Å, c = 8.749(1) Å, β = 97.24(1)° at 85 K. The structure was refined whilst restraining the molecule to m (Cs) symmetry as found in the gas phase. The molecular structure agrees with that obtained from ab-initio molecular orbital calculations, and is less distorted than that obtained from a previous solution of the structure involving an unrestrained refinement from conventional powder X-ray diffraction data (Min, Benet-Buchholz and Boese, 1998). Norbornene starts to transform to the hexagonal close-packed, orientationally-disordered, room-temperature form at around 116 K on warming.
Zinnhalogenverbindungen. III. Neuere Daten zur Kristall- und Molekülstruktur von Dimethylzinndichlorid, Me2SnCl2
Authors: Reuter H. , Pawlak R. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
The crystal structure of dimethyltin dichloride, Me2SnCl2, known for a long time, has been corrected by means of four-circle diffractometer data, because in comparison to other diorganotin dichlorides serious doubts about the molecular geometry came up. The new, corrected values confirm the old structure model but supply more reliable data in view of the molecular parameters. In particular, the following values have been found for distances and angles: d(Sn-C) = 212.0(7) pm, d(Sn-Cl) = 238.9(2) pm, ∠(Cl-Sn-Cl) = 98.60(9)°, ∠(C-Sn-C) = 142.2(4)°. The length of the intermolecular tin···chlorine bridge was determined to 343.3 pm. This value shows that dimethyltin dichloride has a strong intermolecular association due to small sterical shielding of the tin atom by the methyl groups.
Synthesis and crystal structure of 2,3-bis[3-(2-pyridyl)pyrazol-1-yl]hydroquinone dihydrate at 158 K
Authors: Hagback P. H. , Steel P. J. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
2,3-Bis[3-(2-pyridyl)pyrazol-1-yl]hydroquinone dihydrate crystallises in the space group C2/c with half a molecule of the title compound and a water molecule in the asymmetric unit. A two-fold rotation axis relates the two 3-(2-pyridyl)pyrazol-1-yl substituents. The pyridine and pyrazole rings are approximately coplanar while the pyrazole ring is orthogonal to the benzene ring. Each water molecule is hydrogen bonded to the hydroxyl group and also to nitrogen atoms of two adjacent molecules; these hydrogen bonding interactions give rise to a two-dimensional network architecture.
Decafluoroquarterphenyl - crystal and molecular structure solved from X-ray powder data
Authors: Smrčok L. , Koppelhuber-Bitschau B. , Shankland K. , David W. I. F. , Tunega D. , Resel R. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
The structure of decafluoroquarterphenyl has been solved and refined from laboratory X-ray powder data. Structure analysis and ab initio Hartree-Fock calculation showed that the molecules are held by electrostatic interactions and weak hydrogen bonds. A Rietveld refinement supported by slack constraints gave dihedral angles which agreed with those found in similar compounds. In molecules such as these, where the planarity of the rings is known a-priori, and there is little improvement in the fit to the diffraction data at the expense of distorting the structure, conventional slack constrained Rietveld refinement may not bring much additional information and therefore may not be worth the additional effort at the end of the structure solution process.
Determination of Gibbs Energies of Solvation of Monovalent Ions in Water, Methanol and Ethanol and Re-evaluation of the Interaction Energies
Authors: Lahiri S. C. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
Single ion Gibbs energies of solvation of monovalent ions in water, methanol and ethanol with or without (ion-dipole, ion-quadrupole) interaction-terms have been determined. Widely different single ion values given in the literature usually do not include interaction terms. The method of calculation of interaction terms needs re-evaluation. The usual methods of calculation of ΔG°t(H+) values appear to be defective and ΔG°t(H+) values given in the literature appear to be too high. An alternative approach for the calculation of ΔG°h or s(H+) is suggested.
Particle Entropies and Entropy Quanta: IV. The Ideal Gas, the Second Law of Thermodynamics, and the P–t Uncertainty Relation
Authors: Zimmermann H. W. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
The quantum thermodynamics of the ideal gas is treated by means of the particle entropies σ=ka. The non-dimensional entropy numbers a are calculated by the extended, temperature-dependent Schrödinger equation applying periodic boundary conditions. The Boltzmann constant k represents the atomic entropy unit. The quantized particle entropies a are used to calculate the Boltzmann distribution f=exp(α−a), the density of entropy levels D(a), the dimensionless chemical potential α=μ/kT, etc. – The thermodynamics of the ideal gas is treated on the basis of entropy quanta by means of the density matrix formalism. In this way we obtain the total particle entropy A, the thermodynamic entropy S (equation of Sackur-Tetrode), the internal and the Helmholtz free energy E and F, respectively, etc. Moreover, it can also be shown on the basis of entropy quanta that the entropy of a closed system in thermal equilibrium has a maximum value, S=S
max. Against this, the entropy S
′ of an arbitrary non-equilibrium state is always smaller, S′ < S
max (second law of thermodynamics). – Application of ordinary density matrix theory to a closed system of N particles leads to the result that the entropy S does not change in time, dS/dt=0, regardless whether we consider an equilibrium state, S=S
max, or a non-equilibrium state, S=S′. Consequently, S cannot irreversibly change from S′ to S
max. However, any irreversible process is accompanied by a positive entropy production P=dS/dt>0. In order to overcome this obvious contradiction, we discuss the entropy evolution in time by means of the commutator equation
G
=i[
P
,
t
], which is deduced from very general assumptions. Here
P
and
t
are the operators of the entropy production P and the time t. Accordingly,
P
and
t
do not commute in general, and hence P and t are not sharply defined simultaneously. Instead we have uncertainties ΔP and Δt, which are expressed by the uncertainty relation of the N-particle system, ΔPΔt≥(1/2)|〈
G
〉|=(γ/2)k. This P − t uncertainty relation easily allows a discussion of the evolution of the entropy S in time t from S′ to S
max. Now the irreversible steps are correctly described by the entropy production P=dS/dt > 0, and the thermal equilibrium by P=0, ∆P=0, and thus the lifetime ∆t=∞.
Combined use of platelet serotonergic markers and psychopathological scales as diagnostic screening of a psychotic versus a depressive disorder
Authors: Ramirez Nicolas , Arranz Belén , Martín Carmen , San Luis 
Published: November 2003

AbstractA single case of a patient suffering from a first psychotic episode and the differential diagnoses between affective and psychosis is performed throughout the combined use of peripheral serotonergic markers and clinical psychopathological scales during a 6-months follow-up. The results suggest the need of performing further studies combining biological and clinical markers of psychiatric disorders.
Deposit insurance and specialization in commercial bank lending
Authors: Booth James R. , Booth Lena Chua 
Published: November 2003

AbstractRecent literature focuses on liquidity provision as a unique service provided by financial intermediaries. In this paper, we address why commercial banks dominate the provision of these services. Liquidity provision in lending is reflected in offering loan commitments. We argue that commercial banks have a unique advantage in providing this form of liquidity. This unique advantage derives from their access to deposit insurance, and perhaps to a lesser degree, their access to the discount window of the Federal Reserve System. We empirically examine business loans offered by commercial banks, investment banks, and insurance companies. We show that commercial banks have a comparative advantage in offering loan commitments with fixed‐formula floating interest rates. Other major financial intermediaries such as investment banks favor bridge loans for corporate restructuring, and insurance companies favor longer term fixed interest rate spot loans. These results are consistent with commercial banks' unique corporate lending role (that of liquidity provision) deriving from their access to fixed‐price deposit insurance.
Myeloperoxidase response to peritonitis in an experimental model
Authors: Yao Veronica , McCauley Rosalie , Cooper Deborah , Platell Cameron , Hall John C. 
Published: November 2003

Introduction:  Patients with peritonitis often exhibit systemic manifestations of sepsis, especially in the lungs. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the local and systemic effects of the neutrophil response to peritonitis in a rat model.Methods:  Fifty Wistar rats were randomized to either a control group or a peritonitis group (5 mg zymosan intraperitoneal). Groups of five animals were killed at 4, 18, 24, 48 and 96 h for evaluation of the morphology of the peritoneum (mesothelial imprint), the number and phenotype of cells within peritoneal fluid (flow cytometry), and myeloperoxidase activity within the peritoneal fluid and distant organs (enzyme assay).Results:  Zymosan produced macroscopic evidence of peritonitis and on microscopy there was disruption of peritoneal mesothelial cells. This was accompanied by an influx of neutrophils between 4 and 48 h (P < 0.001) and macrophages between 48 and 96 h (P < 0.001). There was also an increase in myeloperoxidase activity within peritoneal fluid between 4 and 48 h (P < 0.05), the lung at 4 h (P < 0.01) and the liver at 48 h (P < 0.001).Conclusion:  The present study has confirmed the validity of using zymosan to create a low‐morbidity model of peritonitis. Besides the anticipated peritoneal response, there were distant effects of neutrophil activation within the lungs and liver. In the future, strategies that modulate neutrophil activation within these organs might play a useful adjunctive role in the management of patients with peritonitis.
Plant–soil biota interactions and spatial distribution of black cherry in its native and invasive ranges
Authors: Reinhart Kurt O. , Packer Alissa , Van der Putten Wim H. , Clay Keith 
Published: November 2003

AbstractOne explanation for the higher abundance of invasive species in their non‐native than native ranges is the escape from natural enemies. But there are few experimental studies comparing the parallel impact of enemies (or competitors and mutualists) on a plant species in its native and invaded ranges, and release from soil pathogens has been rarely investigated. Here we present evidence showing that the invasion of black cherry (Prunus serotina) into north‐western Europe is facilitated by the soil community. In the native range in the USA, the soil community that develops near black cherry inhibits the establishment of neighbouring conspecifics and reduces seedling performance in the greenhouse. In contrast, in the non‐native range, black cherry readily establishes in close proximity to conspecifics, and the soil community enhances the growth of its seedlings. Understanding the effects of soil organisms on plant abundance will improve our ability to predict and counteract plant invasions.