bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteins of the Rpf Family: Immune Cell Reactivity and Vaccination Efficacy against Tuberculosis in Mice
Authors: Yeremeev Vladimir V. , Kondratieva Tatiana K. , Rubakova Elvira I. , Petrovskaya Svetlana N. , Kazarian Konstantin A. , Telkov Miroslav V. , Biketov Sergej F. , Kaprelyants Arseny S. , Apt Alexander S. 
Published: July 2003

ABSTRACTIt was shown recently thatMycobacterium tuberculosisexpresses five proteins that are homologous to Rpf (resuscitation promoting factor), which is secreted by growing cells ofMicrococcus luteus. Rpf is required to resuscitate the growth of dormantMicrococcus luteusorganisms, and its homologues may be involved in mycobacterial reactivation. Mycobacterial Rpf-like products are secreted proteins, which makes them candidates for recognition by the host immune system and anti-Rpf immune responses potentially protective against reactivated tuberculosis. Here we report that the Rpf protein itself and four out of five of its mycobacterial homologues, which were administered as subunit vaccines to C57BL/6 mice, are highly immunogenic. Rpf-like proteins elicit immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgG2a responses and T-cell proliferation and stimulate production of gamma interferon, interleukin-10 (IL-10), and IL-12 but not IL-4 or IL-5. Both humoral and T-cell responses against these antigens show a high degree of cross-reactivity. Vaccination of mice with Rpf-like proteins results in a significant level of protection against a subsequent high-dose challenge with virulentM. tuberculosisH37Rv, both in terms of survival times and mycobacterial multiplication in lungs and spleens.
Secreted Effector Proteins ofSalmonella entericaSerotype Typhimurium Elicit Host-Specific Chemokine Profiles in Animal Models of Typhoid Fever and Enterocolitis
Authors: Zhang Shuping , Adams L. Garry , Nunes Jairo , Khare Sangeeta , Tsolis Renée M. , Bäumler Andreas J. 
Published: July 2003

ABSTRACTInfection of bovine ligated loops with theSalmonella entericaserotype Typhimurium wild type but not asipA sopABDE2mutant resulted in fluid accumulation, polymorphonuclear cell infiltration, and expression of CXC chemokines, particularly GROα. None of thesesipA sopABDE2-dependent responses was observed in murine-ligated loops. The majority of GROα transcripts localized to bovine intestinal epithelium. Thus, different disease outcomes between mice (i.e., no diarrhea) and calves (i.e., diarrhea) may be due to differences insipA sopABDE2-dependent CXC chemokine gene expression in epithelial cells.
Both Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-4 Receptor α Signaling Contribute to the Development of Hepatic Granulomas with Optimal Antileishmanial Activity
Authors: Stäger Simona , Alexander James , Carter K. Christine , Brombacher Frank , Kaye Paul M. 
Published: July 2003

ABSTRACTThe roles of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 in the regulation of immunity toLeishmania donovaniinfection are still poorly understood. Here we show that the increased parasite load observed in IL-4−/−and IL-4 receptor α−/−mice correlates with retarded granuloma maturation and antileishmanial activity and that the increased parasite load observed in IL-4 receptor α−/−mice correlates with increased NOS2 expression and decreased serum gamma interferon levels. IL-4 and IL-13 appear to play little role in regulating collagen deposition inL. donovani-induced granulomas.
Antigen-Specific Immunoglobulin A Antibodies Secreted from Circulating B Cells Are an Effective Marker for Recent Local Immune Responses in Patients with Cholera: Comparison to Antibody-Secreting Cell Responses and Other Immunological Markers
Authors: Qadri Firdausi , Ryan Edward T. , Faruque A. S. G. , Ahmed Firoz , Khan Ashraful Islam , Islam M. Monirul , Akramuzzaman Syed M. , Sack David. A. , Calderwood Stephen B. 
Published: July 2003

ABSTRACT

Gut-derived lymphocytes transiently migrate through the peripheral circulation before homing back to mucosal sites and can be detected using an ELISPOT-based antibody secreting cell (ASC) assay. Alternatively, transiently circulating lymphocytes may be cultured in vitro, and culture supernatants may be assayed for antigen-specific responses (antibody in lymphocyte supernatant [ALS] assay). The ALS assay has not been validated extensively in natural mucosal infection, nor has the ALS response been compared to the ASC assay and other cholera-specific immunological responses. Accordingly, we examined immune responses in 30 adult patients with acute cholera in Bangladesh, compared with 10 healthy controls, measuring ALS-immunoglobulin A (IgA), ASC-IgA, and serum and fecal IgA responses to two potent
Vibrio cholerae
immunogens, the nontoxic B subunit of cholera toxin (CtxB) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and a weaker
V. cholerae
immunogen, the mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (MSHA). We found significant increases of anti-CtxB, anti-LPS, and anti-MSHA IgA in supernatants of lymphocytes cultured 7 days after onset of cholera using the ALS assay. We found that ALS and ASC responses correlated extremely well; both had comparable sensitivities as the vibriocidal responses, and both procedures were more sensitive than fecal IgA measurements. An advantage of the ALS assay for studying mucosal immune responses is the ability to freeze antibodies in supernatants for subsequent evaluation; like the ASC assay, the ALS assay can distinguish recent from remote mucosal infection, a distinction that may be difficult to make in endemic settings using other procedures.
Major Histocompatibility Complex-Dependent Susceptibility toCryptococcus neoformansin Mice
Authors: McClelland Erin E. , Granger Donald L. , Potts Wayne K. 
Published: July 2003

ABSTRACTTo evaluate the role of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes in the resistance toCryptococcus neoformans, we conducted infection experiments in MHC-congenic strains of mice. Significant MHC-dependent susceptibility differences were found among homozygotes and heterozygotes. This study is the first experimental demonstration of MHC-dependent susceptibility toC. neoformansinfections in mice and indicates that MHC genes can be important in host resistance.
Molecular Characterization of thesucBGene Encoding the Immunogenic Dihydrolipoamide Succinyltransferase Protein ofBartonella vinsoniisubsp.berkhoffiiandBartonella quintana
Authors: Gilmore, Robert D. , Carpio Amber M. , Kosoy Michael Y. , Gage Kenneth L. 
Published: July 2003

ABSTRACTMembers of the genusBartonellahave historically been connected with human disease, such as cat scratch disease, trench fever, and Carrion's disease, and recently have been recognized as emerging pathogens causing other clinical manifestations in humans. However, because little is known about the antigens that elicit antibody production in response toBartonellainfections, this project was undertaken to identify and molecularly characterize these immunogens. Immunologic screening of aBartonella vinsoniisubsp.berkhoffiigenomic expression library with anti-Bartonellaantibodies led to the identification of thesucBgene, which encodes the enzyme dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase. Antiserum from a mouse experimentally infected with liveBartonellawas reactive against recombinant SucB, indicating the mounting of an anti-SucB response following infection. Antigenic cross-reactivity was observed with antiserum against otherBartonellaspp. Antibodies againstCoxiella burnetti,Francisella tularensis, andRickettsia typhialso reacted with our recombinantBartonellaSucB. Potential SucB antigenic cross-reactivity presents a challenge to the development of serodiagnostic tests for other intracellular pathogens that cause diseases such as Q fever, rickettsioses, brucelloses, tularemia, and other bartonelloses.
Cell Surface Antigens of
Mycoplasma
Species Bovine Group 7 Bind to and Activate Plasminogen
Authors: Bower Kylie , Djordjevic Steven P. , Andronicos Nicholas M. , Ranson Marie 
Published: July 2003

ABSTRACT

Mycoplasma
species bovine group 7 bound plasminogen at the cell surface in a lysine-dependent manner. Cell-bound plasminogen was rapidly activated to plasmin by exogenous urokinase, and this activity was associated with plasminogen binding capacity. Binding assays using plasminogen modified with a trifunctional cross-linking agent revealed several binding proteins.
Continuous tracking of the Australian National Tobacco Campaign: advertising effects on recall, recognition, cognitions, and behaviour
Authors: Donovan R J , Boulter J , Borland R , Jalleh G , Carter O 
Published: July 2003

Objectives:To relate Australian National Tobacco Campaign advertising to outcome measures such as smokers’ awareness of and reaction to the campaign, and indicators of interest in smoking cessation.Design:Continuous tracking was used to survey random cross sectional samples of the target audience via telephone interviews. Baseline measures were collected preceding each advertising phase, whereafter subjects were interviewed on a weekly basis for the entire period of each phase. Changes in outcomes could thus be inferred on a weekly basis allowing variations in advertising intensity to be monitored for effect. Three phases were evaluated variously in Melbourne, Sydney, and Adelaide.Subjects:A total of 9033 subjects aged 18–40 years were interviewed. Age and sex of the sample were evenly distributed.Results:In general, it was found that the greater the media weight, the greater the recall and recognition mediated by the message of the advertisement and the creative execution—advertisements with a clear figure ground executional format appeared more memorable than those without, and health effects advertisements were more memorable than those encouraging calls to a quitline. The relationship between various communication effects and media weight was limited by the confounding of prior activities in two of the phases.Conclusions:Advertisements with clear figure ground executional formats and those illustrating health effects of smoking have high memorability. Future campaigns that are continuously tracked are recommended to systematically vary media weight, flighting schedules, and advertisement type, so as to maximise information about these variables and their interactions.
2-Thiophen-2-ylbenzothiazole, -benzoxazole, and -benzimidazole platinum complexes
Authors: He Xiao-Feng , Vogels Christopher M , Decken Andreas , Westcott Stephen A 
Published: July 2003

Oxidative cyclization of 2-aminothiophenol, 2-aminophenol, and 1,2-phenylenediamine with 2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde affords the corresponding 2-thiophen-2-ylbenzothiazole, -benzoxazole, and -benzimidazole compounds. Addition of these ligands (L) to [PtCl2(coe)]2 (coe = cis-cyclooctene) gives complexes of the type trans-PtCl2L(coe) in moderate yields. Crystals of the benzothiazole derivative (1) were monoclinic, space group P2(1)/c, a = 11.561(4) Å, b = 15.335(15) Å, c = 11.769(4) Å, β = 105.182(5)°, Z = 4.Key words: platinum, imine, benzothiazole, benzoxazole, benzimidazole.
Host resistance and tolerance to migratory plant-parasitic nematodes
Authors: Moens Maurice , Peng Yunliang 
Published: July 2003

AbstractPlant-parasitic nematodes are divided according to their feeding strategy into three major groups: sedentary endoparasites, migratory endoparasites and ectoparasites. Compared to what is known about sedentary endoparasitic nematode species, resistant and tolerant relationships between the nematodes from the latter two groups and their hosts are much less documented. However, methods for screening and evaluation of the resistance and tolerance of plants to migratory plant-parasitic nematodes have been well developed and sources of resistance and tolerance to these nematodes have been found. Advances have been made in breeding resistance to migratory plant-parasitic nematodes in rice, alfalfa, banana, pine trees, grape, woody fruits and other crops. Although accessions immune to stem, leaf and bud nematodes are found quite frequently, host resistance to migratory root-parasitic nematodes has been detected less frequently and generally only partly reduces nematode multiplication. Host tolerance to migratory nematodes is important even for resistant varieties and therefore is gaining attention. An insufficient degree of resistance and tolerance, their variability with the environment, and their linkage to undesired agricultural or horticultural characters are commonly observed. Polygenic bases for plant resistance and tolerance to migratory nematodes have been demonstrated by genetic and biochemical observations and make breeding even more complicated than that for resistance to sedentary plant-parasitic nematodes. These factors, with the presence of different nematode species in the field and community and population differences in pathogenicity, hinder the availability of host resistance and tolerance and offer a big challenge.
Nematode soil faunal analysis of decomposition pathways in different ecosystems
Authors: Ruess Liliane 
Published: July 2003

AbstractCarbon flow via decomposition of organic matter proceeds through different energy channels depending on the input and turnover rate of plant material. Generally, energy channels in grasslands are considered to be bacteria-dominated, whereas in forests the importance of fungal decomposition increases. Agroecosystems are regarded as intermediate. This hypothesis was tested using indices based on nematode faunal analysis that have been proposed as indicators of decomposition pathways. The ratio of fungal- to bacterial-feeding nematodes and the channel index (Ferris et al., 2001) were calculated from a range of studies, taking into account 131 different sites or sampling times. No distinct differences in the fungal- to bacterial-feeder ratio between grassland, field and forest were observed. However, the channel index indicated a fungal-based energy channel in coniferous forest sites. Generally, the results suggest that soil and climate affect nematode faunal indices more strongly than ecosystem type.
Cylindrocorpus inevectus sp. n. associated with the oil palm weevil, Elaeidobius kamerunicus (Faust) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), with a synopsis of the family Cylindrocorporidae and establishment of Longibuccidae n. fam. (Diplogastroidea: Nematoda)
Authors: Poinar George , Jackson Trevor , Bell Nigel , Wahid Mohd 
Published: July 2003

AbstractCylindrocorpus inevectus sp. n. (Cylindrocorporidae: Nematoda) is described from oil palm flowers (Elaeis guineensis Jacquin) and from the under surface of the elytra of the oil palm weevil, Elaeidobius kamerunicus (Faust) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Malaysia. Cylindrocorpus inevectus sp. n. differs from previously described species in the genus (as defined in the present study) by apparently having only eight pairs of genital papillae in contrast to nine or ten pairs. In addition, the male of the new species differs from C. macrolaimus (Schneider) and C. longistoma (Stefanski) by possessing a very short tail spine. The degree of stoma coverage by the pharyngeal sleeve is suggested as an important character and is 77% in C. longistoma but 91% in C. inevectus sp. n. In the male of C. erectus the bursa does not encircle the tail tip and the tail is much stouter than that of C. inevectus sp. n. In addition, there are only two pairs of pre-anal papillae and two pairs of dorso-lateral post-anal papillae in C. erectus but three pairs of pre-anal papillae and only one pair of dorso-lateral post-anal papillae in C. inevectus sp. n. From C. curzii the new species differs in having the bursal membrane continuing around the tail tip with only two pairs of pre-anal papillae reaching the bursal rim. A key to the genera of the Cylindrocorporidae is provided and Myctolaimus rifflei (Massey & Hinds, 1970) comb. n. is proposed. Because of their parasitic association with vertebrates and morphological characters distinct from those of the saprophagic Cylindrocorporidae, such as the corpus merging with the isthmus, the absence of a valve in the corpus, a posteriorly located vulva, the presence of lateral alae, a reduced number of genital papillae and ovoviviparous nature, members of the genus Longibucca, previously placed in the Cylindrocorporidae, are placed in the new family Longibuccidae fam. n.
Steinernema scarabaei n. sp. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), a natural pathogen of scarab beetle larvae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from New Jersey, USA
Authors: Koppenhöfer Albrecht , Stock S. Patricia 
Published: July 2003

AbstractSteinernema scarabaei n. sp. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) is a new entomopathogenic nematode isolated from larvae of the scarab beetles Anomala(= Exomala)orientalis and Popillia japonica from turfgrass in New Jersey, USA. Morphology, hybridisation and molecular studies indicated the distinctness of S. scarabaei n. sp. from other Steinernema spp. Distinctive diagnostic characters include: the presence of a mucronated tail in both first generation adults; the presence of a ventrally bifurcated mucro in the first generation female tail; the size and shape of the spicules and gubernaculum and the arrangement of the genital papillae of the male; third-stage infective juvenile with total body length of 890-959 μm and lateral field with eight longitudinal ridges. RFLP analysis of the ITS region of rDNA showed S. scarabaei n. sp. to be distinct from 50 other Steinernema species and isolates. In addition, phylogenetic interpretation of sequence data from the LSU of rDNA provided further evidence for autapomorphies and separate species status for S. scarabaei n. sp.
Effect of plant lectins on the host-finding behaviour of Radopholus similis
Authors: Sági László , Swennen Rony , De Waele Dirk , Peumans Willy , Van Damme Els , Elsen Annemie , Wuyts Nathalie 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThe motility and the chemotactic response towards plant roots of Radopholus similis, after treatment with novel types of lectins, were examined in vitro by analysing movement tracks on agar plates. Six plant lectins belonging to five different lectin families and a banana thaumatin-like protein (BanTLP) were included in the experiment. A 1% concentration of Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin (PHA) had an adverse effect on the motility of R. similis females: 63% showed no or very little movement on agar plates compared to an average of 33% for other lectins and 3% for the control treatment. A 0.05% concentration of PHA still reduced the motility of R. similis females by 75%. Concanavalin A and wheat germ agglutinin did not alter the chemotactic response towards plant roots, despite binding of both lectins to R. similis. In contrast, Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) reduced orientated movement of R. similis towards plant roots. Subsequently, secretions of R. similis were stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue R. Nematodes treated with GNA produced secretions less abundantly compared to the control treatment and BanTLP. The other lectins in the experiment had variable effects on secretion.
Molecular cloning and life stage expression pattern of a new acetylcholinesterase gene from the plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita
Authors: Laffaire Jean-Baptiste , Rosso Marie-Noëlle , Jaubert Stéphanie , Abad Pierre 
Published: July 2003

AbstractA new cDNA, named Mi-ace-2, encoding an acetylcholinesterase, was isolated from Meloidogyne incognita. The full-length cDNA, carrying the trans-spliced SL1 leader sequence, was 2122 bp long with an open reading frame of 2058 bp. The predicted protein shared 32.3% identity with the previously identified MI ACHE and 49.1% identity with the C. elegans ACE-2. The conserved motifs involved in the catalytic triad, the choline binding site and 11 aromatic residues lining the catalytic gorge were present in the MI-ACE-2 deduced protein. RT-PCR analysis showed that Mi-ace-2 is transcribed in second stage juveniles before and after hatching, in females and in males. Phylogenetic analysis showed that MI-ACE-2 and ACE-2 were clustered in a distinct group closely related to the acetylcholinesterases secreted by animal-parasitic nematodes.
Comparison of the production and mobility of hatching activity towards the potato cyst nematodes, Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida within soil planted with a host potato crop
Authors: Devine Ken , Jones Peter 
Published: July 2003

AbstractSoil core samples were taken from a commercial potato field before emergence of the potato crop, during crop development and after harvesting. Leachates from the cores were analysed in an in vitro hatching assay in the laboratory for activity towards the potato cyst nematodes (PCN), Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida. Hatching activity in the soil increased rapidly after plant emergence and peaked between 2 and 5 weeks after emergence; thereafter, at about the onset of flowering, hatching factor activity decreased markedly. The soil cores collected in the first 2 weeks after plant emergence contained significantly greater hatching activity towards G. pallida than G. rostochiensis, indicating that G. pallida-selective hatching factors were produced by the host crop earlier than G. rostochiensis-selective hatching factors. Soil cores collected from the potato ridge and the furrows at various depths and distances from the host plants differed in the distribution of G. pallida-selective and G. rostochiensis-selective hatching activity within the soil profile. Globodera pallida-selective hatching activity had greater vertical and horizontal mobility in the soil profile and elicited significantly greater hatching responses than G. rostochiensis beyond the region of the rhizosphere. Significant levels of hatching factor activity could be detected in the field 90 days after harvesting of the potato crop.
New citrus selections from Cleopatra mandarin × Poncirus trifoliata with resistance to Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb
Authors: Ornat César , Sorribas F. Javier , Forner Juan , Galeano Magda , Alcaide Antonio , Verdejo-Lucas Soledad 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThe response of four resistant selections of Cleopatra mandarin × Poncirus trifoliata to increasing inoculum densities of a population of the Mediterranean biotype of Tylenchulus semipenetrans was determined in microplots established at two sites. One-yearold trees of the resistant selections and of a susceptible Carrizo citrange were inoculated with 0, 1, 5 or 10 × 104 eggs per plant (Pi). Nematode reproduction on the resistant selections was consistently less than on Carrizo citrange. Increasing initial inoculum densities had no effect on the relative resistance in three selections (03.01.42, 03.01.5 and 03.01.16). Selection 03.01.42 was highly resistant (no females and eggs per g fresh root), and 03.01.5 and 03.01.16 both had good resistance (≤15% as many females and eggs per g fresh root as on Carrizo citrange). The fourth selection (03.01.18) expressed resistance at Pi 1 and 5 × 104 eggs per plant but was moderately susceptible at 10× 104 eggs per plant (>15% females and eggs per g fresh root). Deposits of a lignin or suberin-like material were more abundant in resistant selections 03.01.5 and 03.01.18 than in susceptible Carrizo citrange. The proportional increase in trunk diameter of inoculated and uninoculated trees of each rootstock was similar at both sites.