bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Tai Chi vs Aerobic Exercise on Blood Pressure in Patients With Prehypertension
Authors: Li Xinye , Chang Peifen , Wu Min , Jiang Yuchen , Gao Yonghong , Chen Hengwen , Tao Liyuan , Wei Dawei , Yang Xiaochen , Xiong Xingjiang , Yang Yan , Pan Xiandu , Zhao Ran , Yang Fan , Sun Jiahao , Yang Shengjie , Tian Li , He Xiaofang , Wang Eryu , Yang Yiyuan , Xing Yanwei 
Published: February 2024

ImportancePrehypertension increases the risk of developing hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. Early and effective intervention for patients with prehypertension is highly important.ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of Tai Chi vs aerobic exercise in patients with prehypertension.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis prospective, single-blinded randomized clinical trial was conducted between July 25, 2019, and January 24, 2022, at 2 tertiary public hospitals in China. Participants included 342 adults aged 18 to 65 years with prehypertension, defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 120 to 139 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP (DBP) of 80 to 89 mm Hg.InterventionsParticipants were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to a Tai Chi group (n = 173) or an aerobic exercise group (n = 169). Both groups performed four 60-minute supervised sessions per week for 12 months.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was SBP at 12 months obtained in the office setting. Secondary outcomes included SBP at 6 months and DBP at 6 and 12 months obtained in the office setting and 24-hour ambulatory BP at 12 months.ResultsOf the 1189 patients screened, 342 (mean [SD] age, 49.3 [11.9] years; 166 men [48.5%] and 176 women [51.5%]) were randomized to 1 of 2 intervention groups: 173 to Tai Chi and 169 to aerobic exercise. At 12 months, the change in office SBP was significantly different between groups by −2.40 (95% CI, −4.39 to −0.41) mm Hg (P = .02), with a mean (SD) change of −7.01 (10.12) mm Hg in the Tai Chi group vs −4.61 (8.47) mm Hg in the aerobic exercise group. The analysis of office SBP at 6 months yielded similar results (−2.31 [95% CI, −3.94 to −0.67] mm Hg; P = .006). Additionally, 24-hour ambulatory SBP (−2.16 [95% CI, −3.84 to −0.47] mm Hg; P = .01) and nighttime ambulatory SBP (−4.08 [95% CI, −6.59 to −1.57] mm Hg; P = .002) were significantly reduced in the Tai Chi group compared with the aerobic exercise group.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study including patients with prehypertension, a 12-month Tai Chi intervention was more effective than aerobic exercise in reducing SBP. These findings suggest that Tai Chi may help promote the prevention of cardiovascular disease in populations with prehypertension.Trial RegistrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry Identifier: ChiCTR1900024368
Out of field scatter from electron applicator in modern linear accelerators
Authors: Sengupta Bishwambhar , DeFillippo Greg , Sohn James J. , Yadav Poonam , Das Indra J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundElectron out‐of‐field scatter is generally not given importance mainly in electron fields. However, this is important when applicator down and boost treatments are given usually at an angle from the central axis. The electron scatter dose is found to be far away from the central axis which could be easily ignored.PurposeThis study aims to investigate the out‐of‐field radiation doses from electron applicators and their effects on clinical treatment. By identifying the parameters that contribute to out‐of‐field doses and to explore potential strategies for reducing these doses in order to improve patient outcomes from modern machines.MethodsMeasurements were performed in water phantom using electron diode for modern Elekta and Varian machines. Dose profiles were acquired at surface and dmax with 0° and 90° collimation angle. Various gantry angles were also studied for some data with IC Profiler. The profiles were normalized with respect to the central axis dose.ResultsThe scatter dose peaks were found at a distance between 11 and 28 cm from the central axis on all machines. However, the peak shifts to 15 cm at 90° collimator when beam is tilted. The position and intensity of the dose varies with depth, collimator, and gantry angles for both Elekta and Varian machines. Due to clearance issues more gantry angles were studied for Elekta applicator compared to Varian. In general, Varian TrueBeam has a lower scatter that Elekta Infinity. The 90° collimator angle has a higher scatter compared to zero degree for both machines.ConclusionsThere are clinically significant peripheral doses around 3% of the central axis dose from the electron applicator. Elekta has a slightly higher scatter (3%) than Varian (2%) that peaks at 25 cm which is clinically important but often overlooked.
Self‐Accelerating H2 Evolution Activity by In Situ Transformation on Noble‐Metal‐Free Photocatalyst of Covalent Organic Framework and Cu2O Composite
Authors: Liu Yu‐Han , Chu Xiaoyu , Jiang Yanxia , Han Wei , Wang Ya , Shao Lu‐Hua , Zhang Guiling , Zhang Feng‐Ming 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIt is expected that the activity of photocatalysts can remain the same or decrease as little as possible in photocatalysis reaction. Herein, for the first time, a self‐accelerating H2 production activity in a noble‐metal‐free Cu2O/TpPa‐2‐COF photocatalyst is reported. It shows a beginning H2 production rate of 4.41 mmol h−1 g−1 under visible light illuminance, while the activity kept increasing to 27.27 mmol h−1 g−1 after 25 h reaction, which is 6.2 times higher than the beginning activity and reaches a record high. It is confirmed that part of Cu2O in Cu2O/TpPa‐2‐COF in situ transformed to Cu0 in photocatalytic reaction, which acting as cocatalyst promotes the separation of photogenerated charge carriers. Further density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the Schottky barrier height of Cu‐Cu2O (111) interface is much smaller than that of Pt‐Cu2O (111), supporting its more efficient effect than that with Pt as cocatalyst.
Single‐Component Photochemical Afterglow Near‐Infrared Luminescent Nano‐Photosensitizers: Bioimaging and Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Li Yin , He Dong , Zheng Qiangfeng , Tang Ruilin , Wan Qing , Tang Ben Zhong , Wang Zhiming 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLong afterglow luminescence‐guided photodynamic therapy (PDT) performs advantages of noninvasiveness, spatiotemporal controllability, and higher signal to noise ratio. Photochemical afterglow (PCA) system emitting afterglow in an aqueous environment is highly suitable for biomedical applications, but still faces the challenges of poor tissue penetration depth and responsive sensitivity. In this work, two novel compounds, Iso‐TPA and ABEI‐TPA, are designed and synthesized to integrate the PCA system as a single component by coupling near‐infrared (NIR) photosensitizers with singlet oxygen cache units, respectively. Both compounds emit NIR afterglow based on photochemical reaction. ABEI‐TPA exhibits higher photoluminescence quantum efficiency with nonconjugated linkage, while Iso‐TPA with conjugated linkage possesses better reactive oxygen species generation efficiency to achieve stronger PCA and effective PDT, which is ascribed to stronger intramolecular charge transfer effect of Iso‐TPA. Iso‐TPA nanoparticles can achieve effective long‐lasting NIR afterglow in vivo bioimaging up to 120 s with higher imaging resolution and outstanding PDT efficacy of tumor, exhibiting promising potential on bioimaging and therapy.
Targeting Compact and Ordered Emitters by Supramolecular Dynamic Interactions for High‐performance Organic Ambient Phosphorescence
Authors: Yin Guangqiang , Zhou Jiayin , Lu Wei , Li Longqiang , Liu Depeng , Qi Min , Tang Ben Zhong , Théato Patrick , Chen Tao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurely organic room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials have received intense attention due to their fascinating optical properties and advanced optoelectronic applications. The promotion of intersystem crossing (ISC) and minimalization of nonradiative dissipation under ambient conditions are key prerequisites for realizing high‐performance organic RTP; However, the ISC process is generally inefficient for organic fluorogens and the populated triplet excitons are always too susceptible to be well stabilized by conventional means. Particularly, organizing organic fluorophores into compact and ordered entities by supramolecular dynamic interactions has proven to be a newly‐emerged strategy to boost the ISC process greatly and suppress the non‐radiative relaxations immensely, facilitating the population and stabilization of triplet excitons to access high‐performance organic RTP. Consequently, well‐defined organic emitters enable robust RTP emission even in the solution state, thus greatly extending the applications. Here, this review is focused on a timely and brief introduction to recent progress in tailoring ordered high‐performance RTP emitters by supramolecular dynamic interactions. Their typical preparation strategies, optoelectronic properties, and applications are thoroughly summarized. In the summary section, key challenges and perspectives of this field are highlighted to suggest potential directions for future study.
Black Arsenic Phosphorus Mid‐Wave Infrared Barrier Detector with High Detectivity at Room Temperature
Authors: Zhang Shukui , Huang Xinning , Chen Yan , Yin Ruotong , Wang Hailu , Xu Tengfei , Guo Jiaoyang , Wang Xingjun , Lin Tie , Shen Hong , Ge Jun , Meng Xiangjian , Hu Weida , Dai Ning , Wang Xudong , Chu Junhao , Wang Jianlu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe barrier structure is designed to enhance the operating temperature of the infrared detector, thereby improving the efficiency of collecting photogenerated carriers and reducing dark current generation, without suppressing the photocurrent. However, the development of barrier detectors using conventional materials is limited due to the strict requirements for lattice and band matching. In this study, a high‐performance unipolar barrier detector is designed utilizing a black arsenic phosphorus/molybdenum disulfide/black phosphorus van der Waals heterojunction. The device exhibits a broad response bandwidth ranging from visible light to mid‐wave infrared (520 nm to 4.6 µm), with a blackbody detectivity of 2.7 × 1010 cmHz−1/2 W−1 in the mid‐wave infrared range at room temperature. Moreover, the optical absorption anisotropy of black arsenic phosphorus enables polarization resolution detection, achieving a polarization extinction ratio of 35.5 at 4.6 µm. Mid‐wave infrared imaging of the device is successfully demonstrated at room temperature, highlighting the significant potential of barrier devices based on van der Waals heterojunctions in mid‐wave infrared detection.
Strontium‐Containing Piezoelectric Biofilm Promotes Dentin Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Li Jin , Zhao Xuefeng , Xia Yang , Qi Xuanyu , Jiang Chenghao , Xiao Yuhuan , Jiang Fei , Jiang Xinquan , Yuan Guoliang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIt remains an obstacle to induce the regeneration of hard dentin tissue in clinical settings. To overcome this, a P(VDF‐TrFE) piezoelectric film with 2 wt% SrCl2 addition is designed. The biofilm shows a high flexibility, a harmonious biocompatibility, and a large piezoelectric d33 coefficient of 14 pC N−1, all contributing to building an electric microenvironment that favor the recruitment of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and their differentiation into odontoblasts during normal chewing, speaking, etc. On the other hand, the strontium ions can be gradually released from the film, thus promoting DPSC odonto‐differentiation. In vivo experiments also demonstrate that the film induces the release of dentin minerals and regeneration of dentin tissue. In the large animal dentin defect models, this piezoelectric film induces in situ dentin tissue formation effectively over a period of three months. This study illustrates a therapeutic potential of the piezoelectric film to improve dentin tissue repair in clinical settings.
Dynamically Reconstructed Triple‐Copper‐Vacancy Associates Confined in Cu Nanowires Enabling High‐Rate and Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products
Authors: Chen Runhua , Zu Xiaolong , Zhu Juncheng , Zhao Yuan , Li Yuhuan , Hu Zexun , Wang Shumin , Fan Minghui , Zhu Shan , Zhang Hongjun , Ye Bangjiao , Sun Yongfu , Xie Yi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractElectrochemically reconstructed Cu‐based catalysts always exhibit enhanced CO2 electroreduction performance; however, it still remains ambiguous whether the reconstructed Cu vacancies have a substantial impact on CO2‐to‐C2+ reactivity. Herein, Cu vacancies are first constructed through electrochemical reduction of Cu‐based nanowires, in which high‐angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy image manifests the formation of triple‐copper‐vacancy associates with different concentrations, confirmed by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. In situ attenuated total reflection‐surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy discloses the triple‐copper‐vacancy associates favor *CO adsorption and fast *CO dimerization. Moreover, density‐functional‐theory calculations unravel the triple‐copper‐vacancy associates endow the nearby Cu sites with enriched and disparate local charge density, which enhances the *CO adsorption and reduces the CO–CO coupling barrier, affirmed by the decreased *CO dimerization energy barrier by 0.4 eV. As a result, the triple‐copper‐vacancy associates confined in Cu nanowires achieve a high Faradaic efficiency of over 80% for C2+ products in a wide current density range of 400–800 mA cm−2, outperforming most reported Cu‐based electrocatalysts.
Modulation of Ionically Generated Space Charge Effects at Hybrid Perovskite and Oxide Interfaces via Surface Modification
Authors: Jung Mina , Almalki Masaud , Graetzel Michael , Moia Davide , Maier Joachim 
Published: February 2024

AbstractInterfacial space charges significantly influence transport and recombination of charge carriers in optoelectronic devices. Due to the mixed ionic‐electronic conducting properties of halide perovskites, not only electronic effects, but also ionic interactions at their interfaces need to be considered in the analysis of space charges. Understanding of these interactions and their control is currently missing. This study elucidates the ionic effects on space charge formation at the interface between methylammonium lead iodide (MAPI) and alumina, and its modulation through surface modification using organic molecules. Embedding insulating alumina nanoparticles within MAPI films leads to enhancement of the electronic conductivity. This effect is consistent with the formation of an interfacial inversion layer in MAPI and can only be explained on the basis of ionic interactions. Such an effect is attenuated by surface modification of the oxide via the chemisorption of organic molecules. Finally, the same trend is observed in solar cells, where reducing the potential of the distributed space charges within the composite active layer improves device performance. These findings emphasize the necessity of taking into account ionic interactions to control the space charge formation at interfaces involving mixed ionic‐electronic conductors, an essential aspect in the performance optimization of halide perovskite‐based devices.
Regulation of Cell Adhesion on Physically Crosslinked Hydrogels Composed of Amino Acid‐Based Polymers by Changing Elastic Modulus Using Shape Fix/Memory Properties
Authors: Nishimura Shin‐nosuke , Yoshida Tomoya , Higashi Nobuyuki , Koga Tomoyuki 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe elastic modulus of hydrogels is one of the most important factors for controlling cell fate. In this study, hydrogels composed of poly(N‐acryloylglycinamide) (PNAGAm) grafted with arginine (R)–glycine (G)–aspartic acid (D)–serine (S) peptide is designed without a chemical crosslinker. The hydrogels are prepared by the conventional radical copolymerization of N‐acryloylglycinamide with a polymerizable RGDS peptide. The peptide grafting ratio is easily controlled by adjusting the feed composition for polymerization. The hydrogels exhibit thermo‐responsiveness of the upper critical solution temperature type based on the PNAGAm moiety. This characteristic reflects the shape fix/memory properties of hydrogels because of the reversible formation of multiple hydrogen bonds. The cell adhesiveness of the hydrogels drastically improves in the presence of a small amount of the peptide graft. The hydrogels exhibit good biocompatibility; the adhered cells proliferate on the hydrogels, and macrophages do not show activation or inflammation. Surfaces with different elastic modulus regions are successfully constructed on the same hydrogel by using shape fix/memory properties, allowing the regulation of cell adhesion. This hydrogel system offers promising opportunities for the design and application of functional cell scaffolds.
Directly Identifying Multiple Cr3+ Emitting Centers for Broad Near‐Infrared Emission in an Efficient and Near‐Zero Thermal Quenching Garnet‐Type Phosphor
Authors: Li Hong , Jiao Jingkai , Xiang Xianfeng , Wu Jianze , Hu Wanbiao , Xie Jiyang , Huang Shuping , Zhang Hongzhi , Zhu Jing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCr3+ doped garnet‐type (A3B2C3O12) near‐infrared (NIR) phosphors is a desirable research hotspot due to their prospective night vision, bioimaging, and plant growth utilizations. Meanwhile, the origin of multisite broad emission is yet a controversial topic. To resolve the trouble, verifying accurately the multiple Cr3+ occupancy sites is a key. Furthermore, it is an urgent need for improving the external quantum efficiency and luminescent thermostability. Herein, in Y3Sc2Al3O12 (YSAO), advanced electron microscopy technique is employed to directly confirm that the obtained broadband NIR emission originates from Cr3+ in [ScO6] octahedral and [YO8] dodecahedral sites. The optimal YSAO:5%Cr3+ sample exhibits high quantum efficiency (IQE/EQE = 74/31%) and near‐zero thermal quenching (97%@423 K and 92%@473 K). The theoretical calculations and experimental proofs reveal that YSAO possesses high structural rigidity and wide bandgap, which is responsible for the extremely thermostable luminescence. The high‐power YSAO:5%Cr3+‐converted NIR LED device shows promising multifunctional applications. This work not only provides an efficient NIR broadband phosphor with near‐zero thermal quenching, but also provides an effective determination method for the multiple emitting centers of phosphor materials.
Plasmonic Dielectric Antennas for Hybrid Optical Nanotweezing And Optothermoelectric Manipulation of Single Nanosized Extracellular Vesicles
Authors: Hong Chuchuan , Hong Ikjun , Jiang Yuxi , Ndukaife Justus C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study showcases an experimental demonstration of near‐field optical trapping and dynamic manipulation of an individual extracellular vesicle. This is accomplished through the utilization of a plasmonic dielectric nanoantenna designed to support an optical anapole state—a non‐radiating optical state resulting from the destructive interference between electric and toroidal dipoles in the far‐field, leading to robust near‐field enhancement. To further enhance the field intensity associated with the optical anapole state, a plasmonic mirror is incorporated, thereby boosting trapping capabilities. In addition to demonstrating near‐field optical trapping, the study achieves dynamic manipulation of extracellular vesicles by harnessing the thermoelectric effect. This effect is induced in the presence of an ionic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, combined with plasmonic heating. Furthermore, the thermoelectric effect improves trapping stability by a deep trapping potential. In summary, the hybrid plasmonic‐dielectric trapping platform offers a versatile approach for actively transporting, stably trapping, and dynamically manipulating individual extracellular vesicles.
Preclinical Toxicity Assessment of Ti‐Based MXene Nanomaterials for Advanced Theranostic Applications
Authors: Singh Barkha , Bahadur Rohan , Rai Deepika , Srivastava Rohit 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMXene, a novel class of 2D materials, has garnered widespread attention from researchers worldwide due to its remarkable physicochemical properties. Its exceptional physical, chemical, optical, and electronic characteristics have opened up exciting possibilities for its application in biomedical fields. The easily modifiable surface makes it particularly attractive to be used in nanomedicine as the surface can be made hydrophilic, with facile drug loading, for imaging, anti‐microbial, and photothermal applications. To fully harness its potential in the biomedical field, a comprehensive understanding of its toxicological effect is of utmost importance. This review presents a concise introduction to MXene, encompassing commonly employed synthesis procedures, followed by an in‐depth exploration of biomedical studies conducted on diverse MAX and MXene phases. The use of MXene has been discussed as a cancer theranostic agent followed by its toxicity evaluation in microorganisms, zebrafish, in vitro, and in vivo toxicity. Additionally, the review emphasizes the need to advance and standardize the toxicity study. This review provides an overview on the various toxicological aspects related to the MXene nanostructures and advocates their utilization in the near future.
Economics of strip cropping with autonomous machines
Authors: Al‐Amin A. K. M. Abdullah , Lowenberg‑DeBoer James , Erickson Bruce J. , Evans John T. , Langemeier Michael R. , Franklin Kit , Behrendt Karl 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAutonomous machines have the potential to maintain food production and agroecological farming resilience. However, autonomous complex mixed cropping is proving to be an engineering challenge because of differences in plant height and growth pattern. Strip cropping is technically the simplest mixed cropping system, but widespread use is constrained by higher labor requirements in conventional mechanized farms. Researchers have long hypothesized that autonomous machines (i.e., crop robots) might make strip cropping profitable, thereby allowing farmers to gain additional agroecological benefits. To examine this hypothesis, this study modeled ex‐ante scenarios for the Corn Belt of central Indiana, using the experience of the Hands Free Hectare‐Linear Programming (HFH‐LP) optimization model. Results show that per annum return to operator labor, management, and risk‐taking (ROLMRT) was $568/ha and $163/ha higher for the autonomous corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] strip crop farm compared to the whole field sole crop and the conventional strip crop farms, respectively, that were operated by human drivers. The conventional strip cropping practice was found challenging as this cropping system required four times more temporary hired labor than autonomous strip cropping and three times more than whole field sole cropping. Even if autonomous machines need 100% human supervision, the ROLMRT was higher compared to whole field sole cropping. Profitable autonomous strip cropping could restore and improve in‐field biodiversity and ecosystem services through a sustainable techno‐economic and environmental approach that will address the demand for healthier food and promote environmental sustainability.