bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized clinical trial comparing an oral carbohydrate beverage with placebo before laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Bisgaard T , Kristiansen V B , Hjortsø N C , Jacobsen L S , Rosenberg J , Kehlet H 
Published: January 2004

Abstract

Background
Preoperative oral carbohydrate can attenuate postoperative insulin resistance and catabolism, and may have the potential to improve postoperative recovery. There are no data from randomized studies on postoperative clinical outcome after specific surgical procedures. This study evaluated the clinical effects of a preoperative carbohydrate beverage in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Methods
Ninety-four patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included in a randomized clinical trial. Patients were randomized to receive 800 ml of an iso-osmolar 12·5 per cent carbohydrate-rich beverage the evening before operation (100 g carbohydrate) and another 400 ml (50 g carbohydrate) 2 h before initiation of anaesthesia, or the same volume of a placebo beverage. The primary endpoint was general well-being the day after operation. Patients were evaluated from 5 days before to 5 days after operation. Daily scores of general well-being, fatigue, appetite and pain, computerized measurements of physical activity and sleep (actigraphy), and subjective sleep quality were recorded. Nausea and vomiting were assessed twice within the first 24 h after surgery.

Results
Data from 86 patients were available for statistical analysis, 43 in each treatment group. No significant intergroup differences in general well-being or any other outcome variable were found.

Conclusion
A preoperative carbohydrate beverage did not improve clinical outcome after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Late complications after ligation and bypass for popliteal aneurysm
Authors: Kirkpatrick U J , McWilliams R G , Martin J , Brennan J A , Gilling-Smith G L , Harris P L 
Published: January 2004

Abstract

Background
Ligation and bypass is standard treatment for popliteal aneurysm. This technique does not abolish collateral circulation to the aneurysm, which may continue to expand and/or rupture. This study assessed whether complete thrombosis of the aneurysm sac occurs after operation and examined the long-term clinical outcome.

Methods
The records of all patients who underwent popliteal aneurysm repair in a university hospital over 10 years were reviewed. Patients who had undergone ligation and bypass were recalled for clinical and ultrasonographic examination to determine the fate of the aneurysm sac.

Results
Persistent blood flow in the aneurysm sac was present in 12 of 36 legs a median of 48 months after operation. This was associated with symptomatic enlargement of the aneurysm in six patients. The incidence of sac enlargement was lower in bypassed aneurysms with no intrasac flow on duplex examination.

Conclusion
Ligation and bypass does not always abolish blood flow in the sac of a popliteal aneurysm. It may be associated with continued expansion and late complications.
Arterioportal shunting as an alternative to microvascular reconstruction after hepatic artery resection
Authors: Kondo S , Hirano S , Ambo Y , Tanaka E , Kubota T , Katoh H 
Published: January 2004

Abstract

Background
Portal vein and hepatic artery resection and reconstruction may be required in radical surgery for biliary cancer. Microvascular reconstruction requires special equipment and training, and may be difficult to accomplish when the arterial stump is small, when there are multiple vessels or when the stump lies deep within the wound. This study examined the feasibility and safety of arterioportal shunting as an alternative to arterial reconstruction.

Methods
Over 30 months, ten patients with biliary cancer (six bile duct and four gallbladder carcinomas) underwent radical surgery with en bloc resection of the hepatic artery and end-to-side arterioportal reconstruction between the common hepatic or gastroduodenal artery and the portal trunk.

Results
No patient died. Complications included bile leakage in two patients and liver abscess in one. Routine angiography performed 1 month after surgery revealed shunt occlusion in three patients. Once the existence of hepatopetal arterial collaterals had been confirmed in the remaining patients, the shunt was occluded by coil embolization.

Conclusion
Arterioportal shunting appears to be a safe alternative to microvascular reconstruction after hepatic artery resection. However, the safety of the procedure and its potential to increase the cure rate require further assessment in a larger series with a longer follow-up.
Reflux after oesophagectomy
Authors: Aly A , Jamieson G G 
Published: January 2004

AbstractBackgroundReflux of gastric and duodenal content after oesophagectomy with gastric conduit reconstruction is a common problem and largely considered an inevitable consequence of surgery. Cervical burning and regurgitation, often more pronounced when supine, can be troublesome and even disabling, interfering substantially with quality of life. The aim of this study was to identify the factors contributing to reflux after oesophagectomy and evaluate measures to prevent or control it.MethodsA Medline search using the terms ‘gastro-oesophageal reflux’, ‘oesophagectomy’ and ‘antireflux surgery’ was conducted. Additional references and search pathways were sourced from the bibliographies of articles located.Results and conclusionReflux after oesophagectomy is a significant problem, with both clinical and pathological consequences. Simple measures to facilitate gastric emptying, such as creating a gastric tube, performing a pyloric drainage procedure and using gastric motility agents, may produce a reduction in symptoms but do not alone control reflux itself. A variety of surgical reconstructions have been used, many of which are either difficult to fashion or not suitable when a radical resection has been performed. A modified fundoplication at the anastomosis seems to be the simplest technique and may be relatively effective in controlling symptoms. The impact of strategies to reduce reflux on quality of life and on pathological sequelae of reflux in the oesophageal remnant remains to be evaluated.
Letter 1: Value of endoscopic ultrasonography as a predictor of long-term survival in oesophageal carcinoma (Br J Surg 2003; 90: 1367–1372)
Authors: Park K 
Published: January 2004

Abstract
The Editors welcome topical correspondence from readers relating to articles published in the Journal. Responses can be sent electronically via the BJS website (www.bjs.co.uk) or by post. All letters will be reviewed and, if approved, appear on the website. A selection of these will be edited and published in the Journal. Letters must be no more than 250 words in length. Letters submitted by post should be typed on A4-sized paper in double spacing and should be accompanied by a disk.
Chimeras of the Homing Endonuclease PI‐SceI and the Homologous Candida tropicalis Intein: A Study to Explore the Possibility of Exchanging DNA‐Binding Modules to Obtain Highly Specific Endonucleases with Altered Specificity
Authors: Steuer Shawn , Pingoud Vera , Pingoud Alfred , Wende Wolfgang 
Published: January 2004

AbstractHoming endonucleases are extremely specific endodeoxyribonucleases. In vivo, these enzymes confer mobility on their genes by inducing a very specific double‐strand cut in cognate alleles that lack the cooling sequence for the homing endonuclease; the cellular repair of the double‐strand break with the endonuclease‐containing allele as a template leads to integration of the endonuclease gene, completing the homing process. As a result of their extreme sequence specificity, homing endonucleases are promising tools for genome engineering. For this purpose, it is desirable to design enzymes with defined new specificities. To analyse which DNA‐binding elements are potential candidates for use in the design of enzymes with modified or even new specificity, we produced several chimeric proteins derived from the Saccharomyces cerevisiae VMA1 intein (PI‐SceI) and the related Candida tropicalis VMA1 intein. Although the mature Candida intein is devoid of endonucleolytic activity, the exchange of two DNA‐binding modules of PI‐SceI with the homologous elements from the Candida intein results in an active endonuclease. The low sequence homology in these modules indicates that different protein–DNA contacts are responsible for the recognition of related DNA sequences. This flexibility in DNA recognition should, in principle, allow endonucleases to be produced with new specificities useful for genome engineering.
Transformation from Munsell space to Swedish NCS—Through Nayatani theoretical space
Authors: Nayatani Yoshinobu 
Published: January 2004

AbstractA relationship and a method of transformation are given on color attributes between Munsell, Nayatani Theoretical, and NCS color spaces. The purpose of the study is to clarify the conceptual differences in structure between the three spaces. The structural differences are explained by using the transformations on five color samples. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 29, 151–157, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.10235
MANOVA‐biplot statistical analysis of the effect of artificial ageing (freezing/thawing) on the colour of treated granite stones
Authors: Iñigo A. C. , Vicente‐Tavera S. , Rives V. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractColour is one of the parameters currently used to monitor the quality of a conservation treatment of ornamental stones, and its further ageing, whether artificially or by decay in the monuments. We report here a study of colour changes on three samples of granite, widely used in most of the buildings belonging to our Cultural Heritage in the city of Avila (Spain), once artificially aged in a simulation chamber under controlled conditions (25 freezing/thawing cycles) after treated with a consolidant and a hydrofugant (RC80), a hydrofugant only (H224) and a consolidant (RC70), with or without further application of a hydrofugant (H224); all treatments reagents are commercially available. The results of the statistical study applied (MANOVA‐Biplot) show that there are no differences in the values of the chromatic coordinates (L*,a*,b*) among the successive ageing treatments given to the samples, but differences are found among several samples grouped by combining the type of stone, treatment, and preliminary ageing to the samples before treatment or not. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 29, 115–120, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.10236
Variability in Unique Hue Selection: A Surprising Phenomenon
Authors: Rolf G. Kuehni 
Published: January 2004

AbstractData from ten different experiments involving nearly 600 observers of determination of unique hues are compared. Six experiments involve determination using spectral lights; two use desaturated monitor colors, and the remaining two use color chip sets. Except for unique green, color chips result in narrower ranges of results than spectral lights. Unique green has a surprisingly large range of variation in both spectral light and color chip experiments, followed by red. Comparison of spectral light data indicates that one observer's unique blue can be another's unique green and vice versa, and the same for yellow and green. This finding raises significant questions for color appearance and color space/difference models, as well as philosophy of color. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 29, 158–162, 2004;Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.10237
CuInS2 Thin Films Deposited by ALD
Authors: Nanu M. , Reijnen L. , Meester B. , Schoonman J. , Goossens A. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractAt present, chalcopyrites are widely studied as absorber materials for efficient, low‐cost, thin film solar cells. The growth of CuInS2 thin films by atomic layer deposition (ALD) is studied here. CuInS2 films are grown on glass, TCO glass (SnO2:F‐coated glass), and TiO2 substrates under pressures in the range 2–10 mbar, with temperatures between 350 °C and 500 °C, using CuCl, InCl3, and H2S as precursors. The influence of the process conditions on the properties of the material is examined, and the deposition temperature and the pulse length of the precursors are found to be the decisive parameters. The morphology and the composition of the films are investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Rutherford backscattering (RBS), and Raman spectroscopy (RS). Depending on the process conditions, CuInS2 single phase, Cu‐poor (mixture of CuInS2 and CuIn5S8), or Cu‐rich (mixture of CuxS and CuInS2) phases are formed.
Defining the plant disulfide proteome
Authors: Lee Kyunghee , Lee Jungwha , Kim Youngmin , Bae Dongwon , Kang Kyu Young , Yoon Sung C. , Lim Dongbin 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThere is considerable interest in redox regulation and new targets for thioredoxin and glutaredoxin are now being identified. It would be of great benefit to the field to have a list of all possible candidates for redox regulation – that is all disulfide proteins in plant. We developed a simple and very powerful method for identifying proteins with disulfide bondsin vivo.In this method, free thiols in proteins are fully blocked by alkylation, following which disulfide cysteines are converted to sulfhydryl groups by reduction. Finally, proteins with sulfhydryls are isolated by thiol affinity chromatography. Our method is unique in that membrane proteins as well as water‐soluble proteins are examined for their disulfide nature. By applying this method toArabidopsis thalianawe identified 65 putative disulfide proteins, including 20 that had not previously been demonstrated to be regulated by redox state. The newly identified, possibly redox‐regulated proteins include: violaxanthin de‐epoxidase, two oxygen‐evolving enhancer proteins, carbonic anhydrase, photosystem I reaction center subunit N, photosystem I subunit III,S‐adenosyl‐L‐methionine carboxyl methyltransferase, guanylate kinase, and bacterial mutT homolog. Possible functions of disulfide bonding in these proteins are discussed.
Quantitation of mRNA levels of steroid 5α‐reductase isozymes: A method that combines one‐step reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and separation by capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Torres Jesús M. , Ortega Esperanza 
Published: January 2004

AbstractWe developed an accurate, rapid, and modestly labor‐intensive method to precisely quantitate mRNA species by one‐step reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). This approach combines the high specificity of quantitative competitive PCR with the sensitivity of laser‐induced fluorescence capillary electrophoresis (LIF‐CE). Both cDNA synthesis and PCR amplification are performed with the same enzyme and site‐specific primers, improving the efficiency of cDNA synthesis. The specific target mRNA and a mimic DNA fragment, used as a competitive internal standard, were coamplified in a single reaction in which the same primers are used. The 5' forward primers were end‐labeled with 6‐carboxy‐fluorescein (6‐FAM). The ratio of fluorescence intensity between amplified products of the target cDNA and the competitive DNA was determined quantitatively after separation by CE and fluorescence analysis. Using this method, we have been able to precisely quantify the mean amount of steroid 5α‐reductase (5α‐R) isozyme mRNA levels in ventral prostate of the rat, detecting 10‐fold difference for 5α‐R1 and 50‐fold difference for 5α‐R2, respectively, in comparison with our previously reported two‐step method. Because the competitive RT‐PCR presented in this paper enables a more efficient quantitative determination of mRNAs, low‐level gene expression could be quantified.
On‐line concentration of neutral and charged species in capillary electrochromatography with a methacrylate‐based monolithic stationary phase
Authors: Ping Guichen , Zhang Yukui , Zhang Weibing , Zhang Lin , Zhang Lihua , Schmitt‐Kopplin Philippe , Kettrup Antonius 
Published: January 2004

AbstractA method involving self‐concentration, on‐column enrichment and field‐amplified sample stacking for on‐line concentration in capillary electrochromatography with a polymer monolithic column is presented. Since monolithic columns eliminate the frit fabrication and the problems associated with frits, the experimental conditions could be more flexibly adjusted to obtain higher concentration factor in comparison with conventional particulate packed columns. With self‐concentration effect, the detection sensitivity of benzene and hexylbenzene is improved by a factor of 4 and 8, respectively. With on‐column enrichment and ultralong injection, improvement as high as 22 000 times in detection sensitivity of benzoin is achieved. Furthermore, a combination of the three above‐mentioned methods yields up to a 24 000‐fold improvement in detection sensitivity for caffeine, a charged compound. Parameters affecting the efficiency of on‐line concentration are investigated systematically. In addition, equations describing on‐line concentration process are deduced.
Electrophoretic variants of cardiac myosin heavy chain‐α in Sprague Dawley rats
Authors: Reiser Peter J. , Wick Macdonald , Pretzman Charles I. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractAnalysis of cardiac myosin revealed differences in gel electrophoretic migration patterns of the α‐isoform of myosin heavy chain, but not the β‐isoform, in Sprague Dawley rats. No differences in the migration patterns of the α‐or β‐isoforms were observed in other rat strains. Three electrophoretic migration patterns of the α‐isoforms were observed in individual rats: a slower migrating isoform alone (4% of all rats tested), a faster migrating isoform alone (55%), and both isoforms (41%). The isoform expression pattern was identical in all myocardial regions in each rat. Frequency of expression patterns suggests multiple gene sequences for α‐cardiac myosin heavy chain in Sprague Dawley rats. Sequence analysis of amplified regions of the Sprague Dawley and Brown Norway rat α‐myosin genes, specifically the 5'‐untranslated region, exons 1–3, and associated introns, showed numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms in coding and noncoding regions, including putative regulatory sites in Sprague Dawley rats, but not in Brown Norway rats. All Sprague Dawley rats varied from Brown Norway rats and no heterogeneity was observed in Brown Norway rats. Several deletions and dimorphic positions were also observed. Dimorphic positions were evident on automated sequencing comparisons. The data indicate that at least two α‐myosin heavy chain isoforms exist in Sprague Dawley rats and these rats exhibit sequence diversity within that portion of the α‐myosin heavy chain gene reported in this study.
Biochemical characterization of symbiosome membrane proteins from Medicago truncatula root nodules
Authors: Catalano Christina M. , Lane William S. , Sherrier D. Janine 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe symbiosome membrane represents a specialized plant membrane that forms both a structural and a functional interface between the legume plant and its bacterial counterpart. In this study, the symbiosome membrane protein profile from the model system Medicago truncatula and the corresponding bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti was examined using two‐dimensional electrophoresis and microcapillary high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) tandem mass spectrometry. The identities of 51 proteins were obtained and these proteins were categorized into functional classes to indicate biochemical roles. Symbiosome membrane proteins include an H+‐ATPase, ENOD16, ENOD8, nodulin‐25, BiP, HSP70, PDI, multifunctional aquaporin, a putative syntaxin, and other proteins of known and unknown identity and function. The majority of the proteins identified were involved with protein destination and storage. These results allow us to understand better the biochemical composition of the symbiosome membrane and thus provide a basis to hypothesize mechanisms of symbiosome membrane formation and function.
A very thin coating for capillary zone electrophoresis of proteins based on a tri(ethylene glycol)‐terminated alkyltrichlorosilane
Authors: Meagher Robert J. , Seong Jiehyun , Laibinis Paul E. , Barron Annelise E. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractWe describe the use of a tri(ethylene glycol)‐terminated alkyltrichlorosilane to create a very thin, protein‐resistant “self‐assembled monolayer” coating on the inner surface of a fused‐silica capillary. The same compound has been demonstrated previously on flat silica substrates to resist adsorption of many proteins. As a covalently bound capillary coating, it displays good resistance to the adsorption of cationic proteins, providing clean separations of a mixture of lysozyme, cytochrome c, ribonuclease A, and myoglobin for more than 200 consecutive runs. Electroosmotic flow (EOF) was measured as a function of pH; the coated capillary retains significant cathodal EOF, with roughly 50% of the EOF of an uncoated capillary at neutral pH, making this coating promising for applications requiring some EOF. The EOF was reasonably stable, with a 2.9% relative standard deviation during a 24 h period consisting of 72 consecutive separations of cationic proteins. Efficiencies for cationic protein separations were moderate, in the range of 190 000–290 000 theoretical plates per meter. The coating procedure was simple, requiring only a standard cleaning procedure followed by a rinse with the silane reagent at room temperature. No buffer additives are required to maintain the stability of the coating, making it flexible for a range of applications, potentially including capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry (CE‐MS).
Native and sodium dodecyl sulfate‐capillary gel electrophoresis of proteins on a single microchip
Authors: Tsai Shuo‐Wen , Loughran Michael , Suzuki Hiroaki , Karube Isao 
Published: January 2004

AbstractSimultaneous electrophoresis of both native and Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) proteins was observed on a single microchip within 20 min. The capillary array prevented lateral diffusion of SDS components and avoided cross contamination of native protein samples. The planar sputtered electrode format provided a more uniform distribution of separation voltage into each of the 36 parallel microchannel capillaries than platinum wire electrodes commonly used in conventional electrophoresis. The customized geometry of the stacking capillary machined into the cover plate of the microchip facilitated reproducible sample injection without the requirement for stacking gel. Polyimide served as a mask and facilitated insulation of the anode and cathode to prevent electrode lift off and deterioration during continuous electrophoresis, even at a constant current of 8 mA. Improved protein separation was observed during capillary electrophoresis at lower currents. Ferguson plot analysis confirmed the electrophoretic mobility of native globular proteins in accordance with their charge and size. Corresponding Ferguson plot analysis of SDS‐associated proteins on the same chip confirmed separation of marker proteins according to their molecular weight.