bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation and Performance of Integrated Crop Management in Chilli in Rainfed Tracts of Prakasam District, Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Siva M. , Prasad N. V. V. S. Durga , Chowdary L. Rajesh , Jahnavi M. , Usha M. , Reddy T. V. 
Published: September 2023

Chilli is an important high value spice crop, its integrated crop management is an important area for the welfare andlivelihood security of farmers. Most of the farmers of Prakasam district of Andhra Pradesh are growing wide varieties and cultivars of chilli but so far the research findings on chilli integrated crop management were less aware. To know the yield potential of integrated crop management and its economic impact, evaluation on integrated crop management was conducted at Chandhaluru and Nallaguntla Guedm villages. The adopted package of practices was seed rate @1kg/ha, spacing 60x45cm, FYM 15t/ha, Urea, single super and muriate of potash256:150:80 kg/acre. There was wide variation between integrated crop management and farmers practice in fruit yield and economic returns. The results on yield and economic returns indicated that chilli integrated crop management was found superior to farmers practice. Integrated crop management could obtain 124 fruits per plant and yield of 47.00q/ha, thirps incidence (24.3%), whitefly incidence (9.67 %) and fruit rot infestation (6.0%). Whereas,in farmers practicefruits obtained were99per plant and yield of 43.00q/ha, thripsincidence (44.67 %),whiteflyincidence (28.33) and fruit rot(18 %) with a net income of Rs220000/- and B:C ratio 1: 1.88 compared to farmers practice with a net income of Rs113333/-with B:C ratio 1:1.36. The integrated crop management percent yield increased over farmers practices8.5 per cent. It was concluded that integrated crop management could help to improve the economy of the farmers.
First Episode Schizophrenia: Psychiatric and Cognitive Study for the Patients and Their First-degree Relatives
Authors: Abdellatif Ola Othman Mahmoud , Haiba Amr Adel , Badawy Adel Abd El-Kareem , Elsawy Hossam Eldin Fathallah 
Published: September 2023

Background: severe and persistent mental condition Adults have a lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia that ranges from 0.4 to 1%. The purpose of this study was to compare the cognitive function of first-episode schizophrenic patients to that of multiple schizophrenic patients, as well as to examine cognitive function in patients with first-episode schizophrenia and the impact of treatment on first-degree relatives of the patient.
Methods: The 200 participants in this cross-sectional case-control study were of both sexes and ranged in age from 18 to 50. There were five groups created for the subjects: Group I (n=50): Schizophrenia in its initial episode. Group II (n=50): Relatives of schizophrenia patients experiencing their first episode. Group III (n=50): Schizophrenia with multiple episodes. Healthy volunteers make up Group IV (n=50). Group V (n=36): Group I was followed up with one year following therapy.
Results: Total IQ, attention, executive function, memory function, and social cognition were significantly different between patients and controls. First-degree relatives and the control group showed substantial differences in attention, executive function, and memory function. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) categories that were completed and the number of preservation errors, as well as the Trail Making Test (TMT) A and B, Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Perception and experiencing areas of emotional intelligence (MESCIT), mental control, logical memory, total number of digits, association learning, and visual reproduction are all measured by the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS). Other than the perception branch and experiential region (social cognition), there was no statistically significant change in the overall IQ, WCST, Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT), or MESCIT.
Conclusions: In terms of general intelligence, attention, executive function, memory function, and social cognition, first episode patients outperformed many episode patients.
In-silico Analysis of Newcastle Disease Virus Strains from Outbreaks in Zaria and Kano of Nigeria
Authors: Sajo Mohammed Usman , Usman Bello , Adam Musa Kalim , Sambo Mubarak , Souley Maman Moutari , Fagbohun Olusegun Adesina , Sa’idu Lawal 
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Newcastle Disease (ND) is the major constraint to poultry production in developing country like Nigeria. Numerous outbreak cases of ND have being reported frequently even in vaccinated farms. The large antigenic disparity of the Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) and potential for significant evolutionary divergence between field strains and widely used vaccinations are thought to be the root of the issue.
Aim/Objectives: A cross-sectional studies was carried-out to identify a discrepancy between the vaccinal strains and circulating NDV field strains in Zaria and Kano so as to provide solution for the control of ND.
Materials and Methods: In this study, molecular characterization and pathotyping of the field strains of NDV and strains of ND vaccines was carried out to evaluate their relatedness. Using RT-PCR with primers targeting partial fusion gene, 19 out of the (n= 120) samples purposefully collected for the detection of NDV in Zaria (n= 44) and Kano (n= 76) were positives. Twelve of the 19 positive amplicons were successfully sequenced and analyzed.
Results: Only few number of the study’s sample have similarity with some of the vaccine strains.
Conclusion: This study has raised concerns about the methods used to prevent NDV in Nigeria.
Recommendation: It is crucial to develop an ND vaccine that matches the field strains within the country, along with ongoing surveillance of outbreaks for the effective control of the disease.
Psychometric properties and factor structure of the Vietnamese Copenhagen Burnout Inventory
Authors: Tran Thuy Thi Thu , Nguyen Quynh Thuy , Nguyen Nga Thi , Vu Son Thai , Kaewboonchoo Orawan , Kawakami Norito , Nguyen Huong Thanh 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objectives
This article examines the validity and reliability of the Vietnamese version of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI-V) among hospital nurses in Vietnam in 2022.

Methods
This article examined data from 587 nurses in two city hospitals in Vietnam in 2022. The reliability was determined via internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha coefficient) and test–retest reliability (Intraclass correlation coefficient). Factorial and construct validity of CBI-V were explored with confirmation factor analysis (CFA), exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and correlations with other mental health outcomes (measured by the depression, anxiety, and stress scale), job performance (Work Health Performance Questionnaires), work engagement (Utrecht work engagement), and quality of life (EQ-5D-5L). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 20.0.

Results
Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of CBI-V’s three subscales showed good internal consistency (from 0.87 to 0.91). CFA showed a good fit of the three-factor model with the current data. EFA results showed that all items were loaded in accordance with the CBI’s original three constructs, excluding work burnout item 7, forming the fourth factor with a single item. All of CBI-V’s three subscales correlated with other constructs in expected directions.

Conclusion
The CBI-V showed good validity and reliability among hospital nurses. It can be a reliable tool to measure burnout among nurses in a low- and middle-income country in Vietnam during such a crisis as COVID-19. Future studies should examine the construct of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory in different occupation groups.
Real‐World Treatment Effectiveness of Disease‐Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs by Serostatus Among Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Jin Yinzhu , Liu Jun , Desai Rishi J. , Kim Seoyoung C. 
Published: September 2023

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to compare the clinical effectiveness of biologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) or Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) among seropositive versus seronegative patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a real‐world setting.MethodsWe used Optum's deidentified Clinformatics Data Mart Database (January 1, 2004, to March 31, 2021) linked with outpatient laboratory test results. The study population was adult patients with RA who initiated a bDMARD or JAKi. The index date was the dispensing of the first‐ever study drug. At least 1‐year continuous enrollment before and after the index date was required. Disenrollment due to death after the index date was allowed. Serostatus was defined using laboratory test results or the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision code M05x or M06.0x any time prior to the index date. Treatment effectiveness was measured based on a claims‐based composite endpoint at 1‐year post index, including nonoccurrence of any of the following: addition of conventional synthetic DMARDs, addition of or switching to new bDMARDs/JAKi, initiation of glucocorticoids, increased glucocorticoid dose, or death. Log‐binomial regression models were constructed to estimate the risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) comparing seropositive patients with seronegative patients, adjusting for more than 60 baseline covariates.ResultsWe identified a total of 7813 seropositive patients and 4202 seronegative patients. The mean (±SD) age was 56.7 (±14.0) years; 77.9% were female. The risk of 1‐year treatment effectiveness was 70.2% among seropositive patients and 69.8% among seronegative patients. The adjusted RR (95% CI) was 1.00 (0.98‐1.02).ConclusionIn this real‐world cohort study, seropositive and seronegative patients with RA had similar 1‐year treatment effectiveness after initiating a bDMARD/JAKi.
Tofacitinib Efficacy and Safety in Patients With Ankylosing Spondylitis by Prior Biologic Disease‐Modifying Antirheumatic Drug Use: A Post Hoc Analysis
Authors: Deodhar Atul , Marzo‐Ortega Helena , Wu Joseph , Wang Cunshan , Dina Oluwaseyi , Kanik Keith S. , Fallon Lara , Gensler Lianne S. 
Published: September 2023

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of tofacitinib in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) by prior biologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug (bDMARD) use.MethodsData from a placebo‐controlled, double‐blind study of patients with active AS were analyzed. Patients received tofacitinib 5 mg twice daily (BID) or placebo to week 16; all received open‐label tofacitinib 5 mg BID to week 48 and were stratified by prior treatment (bDMARD‐naive or tumor necrosis factor inhibitor [TNFi]–inadequate responder [IR], including bDMARD‐experienced [non‐IR]). Disease activity/safety were assessed throughout.ResultsOf 269 patients, 207 (77%) were bDMARD‐naive; 62 (23%) were in the TNFi‐IR subgroup. TNFi‐IR patients had higher baseline BMI (28.0 vs. 26.1 kg/m2), longer symptom duration (14.4 vs. 13.2 years), and lower concomitant conventional synthetic DMARD use (14.5% vs. 30.9%) than bDMARD‐naive patients. At week 16, for most outcomes, tofacitinib efficacy exceeded placebo for both subgroups and was sustained to week 48. At week 16, tofacitinib versus placebo differences were similar between bDMARD‐naive and TNFi‐IR patients (Assessment in Spondyloarthritis international Society 40 treatment difference [95% confidence interval]: 30.8% [19.1%‐42.6%] vs. 19.4% [1.7%‐37.0%]). Adverse event (AE) proportions were similar between tofacitinib‐treated bDMARD‐naive/TNFi‐IR patients (77.5%/77.4%) at week 48 with no deaths. A numerically higher proportion of tofacitinib‐treated TNFi‐IR versus bDMARD‐naive patients discontinued study drug (12.9% vs. 3.9%) or dose reduced/temporarily discontinued due to AEs (19.4% vs. 11.8%).ConclusionTofacitinib efficacy exceeded placebo at week 16 for bDMARD‐naive/TNFi‐IR patients and was sustained to week 48. The absolute magnitude of responses was generally greater in bDMARD‐naive patients versus TNFi‐IR patients. More TNFi‐IR versus bDMARD‐naive patients discontinued or dose reduced/temporarily discontinued tofacitinib due to AEs. Small sample size and sample size differences between subgroups limited the interpretation.
Improved Air Stability of Tin Halide Perovskite Solar Cells by an N‐Type Active Moisture Barrier
Authors: Zhang Zuhong , Su Zhenhuang , Li Guixiang , Li Jing , Aldamasy Mahmoud H. , Wu Jiaxin , Wang Chenyue , Li Zhe , Gao Xingyu , Li Meng , Abate Antonio 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTin halide perovskite solar cells are promising for the next generation of highly efficient photovoltaics. Their commercialization can be accelerated by increasing their stability in moisture and oxygen. Herein, an n‐type organic molecule (IO‐4Cl) is applied as an interlayer between the perovskite films and electron transport layers in p‐i‐n structured devices. The electron‐rich indacenodithieno‐[3,2‐b]thiophene enhances electron transport, while the hydrocarbon side chains and rigid conjugated backbone isolate air. It is also shown that the C═O in IO‐4Cl can coordinate with Sn2+ on perovskite films' surface and grain boundaries to enhance perovskite crystal stability. In addition, IO‐4Cl slows down crystallization dynamics, resulting in lower non‐radiation recombination. The moisture ingress in the perovskite films is tracked under high relative humidity (RH) and it is found that IO‐4Cl can mitigate moisture infiltration. Finally, the devices with IO‐4Cl maintain 95% of the initial power conversion efficiency after 1200 h of storage in a nitrogen‐filled glovebox, and their stability in ambient air (60–80% RH) is significantly improved against pristine devices, thus demonstrating the beneficial effects of IO‐4Cl interlayer on device stability.
Recent Advances in Living Algae Seeding Wound Dressing: Focusing on Diabetic Chronic Wound Healing
Authors: Ma Jiahui , Fang Yimeng , Yu Haiyang , Yi Jia , Ma Yilei , Lei Pengyu , Yang Qinsi , Jin Libo , Wu Wei , Li He , Sun Da 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDiabetic chronic wounds (DCWs) are a severe complication of diabetes, and current treatments present several deficiencies, including unsatisfactory efficacy and inability to continuously supply oxygen. This review highlights the recent advances in a novel therapeutic strategy that addresses these challenges: considerable biological powerful inclusions, oxygen or hydrogen and ROS production, DCW glucose consumption, chemotaxis at the wound site, highly editable, great biological safety, low cost, and readily available. Over the past decade, this strategy has shown encouraging results in improving the healing delay induced by hyperglycemia, forming a new concept of “living material” application based on living algae. This review discusses the unique advantages of algae as a treatment strategy, the applications and characteristics of different types of living algae in wound dressings, and the challenges and improvement strategies for this innovative approach.
Achieving High‐Efficiency Wind Energy Harvesting Triboelectric Nanogenerator by Coupling Soft Contact, Charge Space Accumulation, and Charge Dissipation Design
Authors: Mu Qianjin , He Wencong , Shan Chuncai , Fu Shaoke , Du Shihe , Wang Jian , Wang Zhao , Li Kaixian , Hu Chenguo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo enhance the durability of a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), soft contact is an effective approach due to its flexible and elastic contact mode. However, soft contact is hard to obtain with a large charge density by triboelectrification, resulting in low power output. Herein, a novel blade soft contact TENG (BSC‐TENG), coupling flexible functional blades with shielded electrodes on the rotor, charge accumulation, and charge dissipation design on the stator, is proposed. Extra polishing blades and debris storage grooves are adopted in the BSC‐TENG to further ensure high durability. A remarkable charge density of 328 µC m−2 is achieved, setting a new record for soft contact TENGs. Besides, the output charge remains at 100% even after 200 000 cycles. The wind‐driven BSC‐TENG not only can power 3840 green LEDs and 80 parallel hygrothermometers but also can drive electronic devices for smart farms, establishing self‐powered sensing systems. This work provides a novel strategy for enhancing soft contact TENG output and durability.
Shell Formulation in Soft Gelatin Capsules: Design and Characterization
Authors: Naharros‐Molinero Almudena , Caballo‐González María Ángela , de la Mata F. Javier , García‐Gallego Sandra 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSoft gelatin capsules (SGCs) are the most widely used pharmaceutical form after tablets. The active components, active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), or nutrients are dissolved, dispersed, or suspended in a liquid or semisolid fill, which is covered with a gelatin shell. Several factors can modify the properties of the gelatin shell and subsequently affect their operative handling during manufacturing process and the stability of the soft gelatin capsules. Three elements appear to be crucial: the shell formulation (type and content of the different components such as gelatins—source, extraction method—plasticizers, or additives); the manufacture and storage conditions (temperature, humidity, light) as well as the interactions between fill‐shell formulas. Mechanical and thermal analysis arise as straightforward but highly useful tools to monitor the properties of the gelatin shell. This review provides an updated overview on the shell formulation and design. Additionally, it presents the uses of mechanical and thermal techniques to characterize and evaluate the impact of different parameters on the gelatin behavior over the production and stability of these pharmaceutical forms. This will help to detect changes that are yet not visible by visual inspection ensuring a suitable finished product over its shelf‐life.
Ultra‐Emissive MgO‐PVDF Polymer Nanocomposite Paint for Passive Daytime Radiative Cooling
Authors: Das Prasanna , Rudra Sourav , Maurya Krishna Chand , Saha Bivas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPassive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) holds enormous potential to provide low‐cost, electricity‐free cooling in hot environments and to overcome the urban heat island effects. Conventional radiative cooling devices consist of complicated multilayer structure, and reflective back metallic plates that are unsuitable for household applications. Most single‐layer polymer nanocomposites are also not practically applicable due to their high cost, frailty, and sub‐optimum cooling performances arising from low thermal emissivity. Herein, it is shown that ultra‐white and ultra‐emissive magnesium oxide (MgO)‐polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanocomposite that exhibits an average ≈7°C temperature decrease below the sub‐ambient conditions under direct sunlight. The optimized MgO‐PVDF metamaterials with a dielectric particle size of ≈50 nm exhibit a large solar reflectance of 96.3% due to the Mie‐scattering and a record high thermal emission of 98.5% at the atmospheric transmission window due to the anharmonic multiphonon Mg─O bond vibrations, and other stretching/bonding vibrations from the polymer. The nanocomposite paint exhibits water‐resistant hydrophobic properties and can be easily coated on pavers, wood sticks, etc., with high uniformity and good adhesion. This work provides a low‐cost, scalable, and solution‐processed nanocomposite coating with excellent cooling performance for pavers, tiles, and building cooling applications, especially in equatorial regions, southeast Asia, middle‐east, and African regions.
Silicon Rich Nitride Huygens Metasurfaces in the Visible Regime
Authors: Goldberg Oren , Gherabli Rivka , Engelberg Jacob , Nijem Jinan , Mazurski Noa , Levy Uriel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn recent years there has been a shift of interest in the Nanophotonics community moving from using metallic/plasmonic materials to using high‐index dielectric materials for the construction of metasurfaces. Although high‐index dielectrics hold many advantages over their plasmonic counterparts, the selection of materials that exhibit high‐index properties, have low loss, and are complemetary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) compatible that also operate in the visible regime is extremely challenging. In this work, a high‐index dielectric material using silicon rich nitride (SRN) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated as a platform for solving this problem. While SRN has been used before for diffractive lenses and structural colors, here its applicability for Huygens‐type metasurfaces is focused upon. Specifically, a Huygens metasurface that operates in the visible range around a wavelength of 575 nm is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated, and the capabilities of spatially controlling the phase of this metasurface are further demonstrated by designing and fabricating a Huygens meta hologram. The study also shows that the refractive index can be controlled by the interplay between SiH4 and NH3 during the plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) process.
Strong Electron–Phonon and Phonon–Phonon Interactions Lead to High Thermoelectric Performances in Lead Phosphorene via Symmetry Breaking
Authors: Wu Ao , Xia Yujie , Zhang Yiming , Peng Lei , Shao Hezhu , Cen Yan , Zhu Heyuan , Zhang Hao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the full electron–phonon and phonon–phonon interaction effects in semiconductors is crucial for tuning electronic and phonon transport properties with the purpose to the enhancement of thermoelectric performances. In this work, based on the detailed investigations on 2D lead phosphorene (PbP) by using the first‐principle calculations, it is demonstrated that, in , , and PbP, the electron–phonon interactions are significantly stronger than conventional group‐IV monolayers such as silicene by five orders in magnitude, and intravalley scatterings dominate over the intervalley scattering due to less degenerate band extrema near Fermi level. Based on the selection‐rule analysis, it is found that the symmetry breaking in the janus γ phase compared to the higher‐symmetry α phase allows fewer symmetry operations, leading to more allowed scattering channels for electrons and phonons, subsequently suppressing the electron and phonon transport in PbP. Due to the low Debye temperatures, and strong four‐phonon interactions, the lattice thermal conductivities at room temperature in these monolayers are sharply decreased. Finally, it is found that the maximum thermoelectric figure of merits for these three monolayers reach 0.90/0.24/1.25 at room temperature, respectively. This work not only paves the way for the promising applications of PbP monolayers in thermoelectric devices, but also suggests that symmetry breaking and strong high‐order phonon–phonon interactions are crucial to identifying excellent thermoelectric materials.
Design of Wide‐Beam Leaky‐Wave Antenna Arrays Based on the Bilinear Transformation of IIR Digital Filters and the Z Transform
Authors: Verdú‐Monedero Rafael , Gómez‐Tornero José‐Luis , Morales‐Sánchez Juan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract In the pioneering work, the radiation diagrams of leaky wave antenna arrays can achieve attenuation nulls and gains at specific angles by manually placing the zeros and the poles in the Z domain of the corresponding discrete linear time‐invariant (LTI) system. This handcrafted design procedure does not allow radiation diagrams with wide beams since the interaction between poles involved in the wide beam and their corresponding leaky modes cannot be easily handled. To overcome this limitation, this paper describes a novel method for designing radiation diagrams of leaky‐wave antenna arrays based on the theory of IIR discrete filters. The proposed method relies on the design of discrete filters with the prototypes of analog low‐pass filters defined by Butterworth and Chebyshev type I polynomials, whose roots along with the bilinear transformation provide the location of the poles and the zeros of the discrete LTI system and, therefore, the parameters of the leaky‐wave antenna array. Results with different designs and a comparison with other approaches show the utility and effectiveness of this novel method to design wide‐beam leaky‐wave antenna arrays.