bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the abc$abc$ conjecture in algebraic number fields
Authors: Scoones Andrew 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we prove a weak form of the conjecture generalised to algebraic number fields. Given integers satisfying , Stewart and Yu were able to give an exponential bound in terms of the radical over the integers (Stewart and Yu [Math. Ann. 291 (1991), 225–230], Stewart and Yu [Duke Math. J. 108 (2001), no. 1, 169–181]), whereas Győry was able to give an exponential bound in the algebraic number field case for the projective height in terms of the radical for algebraic numbers (Győry [Acta Arith. 133 (2008), 281–295]). We generalise Stewart and Yu's method to give an improvement on Győry's bound for algebraic integers over the Hilbert Class Field of the initial number field K. Given algebraic integers in a number field K satisfying , we give an upper bound for the logarithm of the projective height in terms of norms of prime ideals dividing , where L is the Hilbert Class Field of K. In many cases, this allows us to give a bound in terms of the modified radical as given by Masser (Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 130 (2002), no. 11, 3141–3150). Furthermore, by employing a recent bound of Győry (Publ. Math. Debrecen 94 (2019), 507–526) on the solutions of S‐unit equations, our estimates imply the upper bound
where is an effectively computable constant. Further, given conditions on the largest prime ideal dividing , we obtain a sub‐exponential bound for in terms of the radical. Independently, as a direct application of his bounds on the solutions of S‐unit equations(Győry ([Publ. Math. Debrecen 94 (2019), 507–526]), Győry (Publ. Math. Debrecen 100 (2022), 499–511) also attains results mentioned above, including the above inequality, but over the base field K, as discussed in Section 6. As a consequence of our results, we will give an application to the effective Skolem–Mahler–Lech problem and give an improvement to a result by Lagarias and Soundararajan (J. Théor. Nombres Bordeaux 23 (2011), no. 1, 209–234) on the XYZ conjecture.
To what extent do physiological tolerances determine elevational range limits of mammals?
Authors: Storz Jay F. , Scott Graham R. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA key question in biology concerns the extent to which distributional range limits of species are determined by intrinsic limits of physiological tolerance. Here, we use common‐garden data for wild rodents to assess whether species with higher elevational range limits typically have higher thermogenic capacities in comparison to closely related lowland species. Among South American leaf‐eared mice (genus Phyllotis), mean thermogenic performance is higher in species with higher elevational range limits, but there is little among‐species variation in the magnitude of plasticity in this trait. In the North American rodent genus Peromyscus, highland deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) have greater thermogenic maximal oxygen uptake () than lowland white‐footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) at a level of hypoxia that matches the upper elevational range limit of the former species. In highland deer mice, the enhanced thermogenic in hypoxia is attributable to a combination of evolved and plastic changes in physiological pathways that govern the transport and utilization of O2 and metabolic substrates. Experiments with Peromyscus mice also demonstrate that exposure to hypoxia during different stages of development elicits plastic changes in cardiorespiratory traits that improve thermogenic via distinct physiological mechanisms. Evolved differences in thermogenic capacity provide clues about why some species are able to persist in higher‐elevation habitats that lie slightly beyond the tolerable limits of other species. Such differences in environmental tolerance also suggest why some species might be more vulnerable to climate change than others.
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Experimental and Numerical Studies on an Automobile Air Conditioning System With the Refrigerants R134a, R1234yf, and R1234ze(E)
Authors: Gurudatt H. M. , Narasimham G. S. V. L. , Sadashive Gowda B. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Montreal Protocol of 1987 has put the chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) into the category of ozone-depleting substances. The hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), synthesized as alternatives to CFCs, though possess zero ozone-depleting potential, have high global warming potential (GWP). Despite this, numerous applications currently employ HFCs for refrigeration and air conditioning. The 2016 Kigali amendment to the Montreal Protocol suggested a phase out of the HFCs, and this process will go on until 2036 in developed nations and until 2047 in developing nations to accomplish a condition of 85% decrease in the use of HFCs. The refrigerant R134a used in mobile air conditioning has a global warming potential (GWP100) of 1300, which prompted researchers to look for new low GWP refrigerants. Recent research has revealed that the HydroFluoroOlefin (HFO) refrigerants R1234yf and R1234ze(E) with a GWP100 of 4 or less show promise for application in the automobile air conditioning (AAC) field. The AAC requires special attention due to frequent leakages of HFC caused by vibration-induced pipe failures. In this research, the low GWP refrigerants R1234yf and R1234ze(E) are considered to explore the AAC system performance, and comparisons are made with the currently used refrigerant R134a. The numerical simulations are performed by including and excluding liquid-to-suction heat exchanger/internal heat exchanger (IHX). The results show that the use of IHX is advantageous for both R1234yf and R1234ze(E). Even though R134a performed better, R1234yf with IHX is a better low GWP alternative in the current AAC system working with R134a without IHX, with only a slight compromise in the system performance and the performance of R1234yf is better than R1234ze(E). Finally, the numerical simulation results are validated against the experimental results for R134a and R1234yf and found that most of the results agree within 10% deviation for system without IHX and within 15% deviation for system with IHX. Thus, if the AAC systems change to R1234yf with an IHX, the directives set out in the Kigali amendment of 2016 to Montreal Protocol (namely the discontinuation of HFCs for refrigeration) will be satisfied without any significant loss in the performance.
Experimental Study on the Small Two-Phase Thermosyphon Loop With Minichannel Evaporator
Authors: Liu Yang , Yan Zhe , Jiang Zhenhua , Li Nanxi , Yang Baoyu , Wu Yinong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study experimentally investigates the small two-phase thermosyphon loop with a minichannel evaporator. The influences of heating power, fan power, and inclination angle on the heat transfer performance are presented, and the related mechanisms are revealed. Results show that the thermal resistance of the thermosyphon loop tends to decrease as the heating power is increased. It is found that there exists an optimal value of fan power. Interestingly, the invalidity behavior of thermosyphon under the inclination condition prefers to occur at higher heating power. To sum up, the small two-phase thermosyphon loop with a minichannel evaporator could produce excellent heat transfer performance with energy-saving characteristics, indicating its wide potential applications in the field of electronic chip cooling.
Numerical Study on the Application of Pressure-Swirl Atomizing Nozzles in a Direct Air Cooling Condenser of the Power Plant
Authors: Liu Tianyun 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this paper, a pressure-swirl atomizing nozzle was proposed to improve the atomization characteristics and enhance the heat transfer characteristics. By modifying the structural parameters of the nozzle, the effect of angles of inclined holes on the swirl plate on the heat transfer characteristics was studied, and the structure of the nozzle was optimized based on fluent software. The corresponding relationship between the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the nozzle and the flowrate was obtained, which provides a basis for the parameter setting of the discrete phase model. The nozzle was then applied to a spray humidification system of a direct air cooling unit in the power plant. The influences of nozzle arrangements and spray directions on the vacuum degree of the system were studied. The results of the numerical study show that the nozzle with the angle of inclined holes at 45 deg not only has the highest heat transfer efficiency but also has the highest heat transfer uniformity among all the simulated cases. In the air cooling unit of the power plant, when the nozzles are arranged in staggered rows and the angle between the spray direction and the positive direction along the height is kept at 15 deg, the heat transfer performance of spray humidification is the best. The vacuum degree of the condenser is the highest.
Tail-Integrated Boundary Layer Ingesting Propulsion Systems for Turbo-Electric Aircraft
Authors: Chen Zhibo , Galbraith Marshall C. , Spakovszky Zoltán S. , Greitzer Edward M. , Sabnis Jayant S. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This article presents conceptual design guidelines and results for a tail-integrated propulsion system for a turbo-electric civil transport aircraft with boundary layer ingestion (BLI). The aerodynamic performance goal is separation-free and shock-free operation at cruise with fuel burn reduction, compared with a baseline conventional aircraft for the same mission. The assessment of BLI benefits is based on calculations using CFD and TASOPT software, both to characterize the design challenges and to establish the physical mechanisms for resolving these challenges. The guidelines include a “horseshoe” inlet to accept the non-uniform flow without incurring separation, a nacelle profile similar to supercritical airfoils to reduce shock strength, and an annular nozzle to eliminate flow separation between tail-BLI propulsors. The conceptual design has nine BLI propulsors with electric fans on an axisymmetric tail of a single-aisle aircraft. The fans are powered by twin underwing turbofans. The estimated benefit of the tail-BLI, twin underwing turbofan aircraft is 10.4% in Payload-Range Fuel Consumption (PRFC) at a cruise Mach number of 0.8, compared to a baseline twin underwing turbofan configuration. Sensitivity studies further show that a 1% increase in installed (i.e., with BLI) fan isentropic efficiency translates to 0.8% rise in PRFC benefit.
The Impact of a Lifestyle Intervention on Postpartum Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Among Hispanic Women With Abnormal Glucose Tolerance During Pregnancy: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Trial
Authors: Wagner Kathryn A. , St. Laurent Christine W. , Pekow Penelope , Marcus Bess , Rosal Milagros C. , Braun Barry , Manson Joann E. , Whitcomb Brian W. , Sievert Lynnette Leidy , Chasan-Taber Lisa 
Published: October 2023

Background: Women with abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy are at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), with higher rates among Hispanics. However, studies on the impact of lifestyle interventions on postpartum CVD profiles are sparse. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of a controlled trial among a subsample of Hispanic women with abnormal glucose tolerance participating in Estudió PARTO (Project Aiming to Reduce Type twO diabetes; mean age = 28.2 y, SD: 5.8) who were randomized to a culturally modified Lifestyle intervention (n = 45) or a comparison Health and Wellness intervention (n = 55). Primary endpoints were biomarkers of cardiovascular risk (lipids, C-reactive protein, fetuin-A, and albumin-to-creatinine ratio) and insulin resistance (fasting insulin, glucose, HbA1c, homeostasis model assessment, leptin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and adiponectin) measured at baseline (6-wk postpartum) and 6 and 12 months. Results: In intent-to-treat analyses, there were no significant differences in changes in biomarkers of CVD risk or insulin resistance over the postpartum year. In prespecified sensitivity analyses, women adherent with the Lifestyle Intervention had more favorable improvements in insulin (intervention effect = −4.87, SE: 1.93, P = .01) and HOMA-IR (intervention effect = −1.15, SE: 0.53, P = .03) compared with the Health and Wellness arm. In pooled analyses, regardless of intervention arm, women with higher postpartum sports/exercise had greater increase in HDL-cholesterol (intervention effect = 6.99, SE: 1.72, P = .0001). Conclusions: In this randomized controlled trial among Hispanic women with abnormal glucose tolerance, we did not observe a significant effect on postpartum biomarkers of CVD risk or insulin resistance. Women adherent to the intervention had more favorable changes in insulin and HOMA-IR.
Biosensor-guided detection of outer membrane-specific antimicrobial activity against
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
from fungal cultures and medicinal plant extracts
Authors: Shideler Steve , Bookout Tyson , Qasim Azka , Bowron Lauren , Wu Qiaolian , Duan Kangmin , Treu Roland , Reckseidler-Zenteno Shauna , Lewenza Shawn 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
responds to sub-lethal antimicrobial exposure by inducing the expression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) surface modifications that mask antibiotic binding sites and contribute to repair and resistance of the outer membrane (OM). We exploit these membrane damage-responsive operons in a biosensor approach used to discover new antimicrobials that specifically target the OM. Chromosomal transcriptional
luxCDABE
reporters from the
pmr
(polymyxin resistance; aminoarabinose LPS modification) and
speD2E2
(spermidine synthesis) operons are induced by validated outer membrane-acting agents including cationic antimicrobial peptides, cation chelators, ascorbic acid, detergents, and cell wall synthesis inhibitors cycloserine and bacitracin. To identify novel sources of OM-disrupting antimicrobials, we used these OM damage-responsive biosensors to screen a panel of fungal culture supernatants for novel antimicrobial and biosensor activity. Biosensor activity was used to determine the optimal time point of antimicrobial production from fungal supernatants and to guide the purification of active fractions after size-exclusion chromatography. Water and ethanol extracts of Chinese medicinal plants also proved to be a source of biosensor activity. The pathogen box is a 400-member drug library of potential antimicrobials, but none of these compounds induced our OM damage biosensors. This novel, sensitive, cell-based screening assay has potential for future discovery of lead compounds that specifically target the outer membrane, which is a significant barrier to antibiotic entry into Gram-negative bacteria.

IMPORTANCE
New approaches are needed to discover novel antimicrobials, particularly antibiotics that target the Gram-negative outer membrane. By exploiting bacterial sensing and responses to outer membrane (OM) damage, we used a biosensor approach consisting of polymyxin resistance gene transcriptional reporters to screen natural products and a small drug library for biosensor activity that indicates damage to the OM. The diverse antimicrobial compounds that cause induction of the polymyxin resistance genes, which correlates with outer membrane damage, suggest that these LPS and surface modifications also function in short-term repair to sublethal exposure and are required against broad membrane stress conditions.
Inhibition of host cell division by T5 protein 008 (Hdi)
Authors: Mahata Tridib , Molshanski-Mor Shahar , Goren Moran G. , Kohen-Manor Miriam , Yosef Ido , Avram Oren , Salomon Dor , Qimron Udi 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Bacteriophages (phages) have evolved effective methods of exploiting host-cell machinery by redirecting molecular pathways. In this study, we describe an inhibitor of bacterial growth, T5.008, encoded by the T5 phage. High-throughput sequencing of genomic DNA from bacterial mutants resistant to T5.008 identified mutations in the
Escherichia coli ftsZ
gene, suggesting that T5.008 targets the cell division protein FtsZ. We validated this finding by replacing a residue in FtsZ with one that confers protection from T5.008 inhibition. We used time-lapse microscopy to show that T5.008 interferes with FtsZ ring formation and stability, thereby inhibiting division. We also demonstrated that phages expressing T5.008 can prevent host division before lysis much more efficiently than those lacking T5.008. We also showed that T5.008 provides a competitive advantage to the T5 phage. This strategy of inhibiting division during phage infection likely enables T5 phage to utilize host-cell resources efficiently.

IMPORTANCE
We have identified a novel phage-encoded inhibitor of the major cytoskeletal protein in bacterial division, FtsZ. The inhibition is shown to confer T5 bacteriophage with a growth advantage in dividing hosts. Our studies demonstrate a strategy in bacteriophages to maximize their progeny number by inhibiting escape of one of the daughter cells of an infected bacterium. They further emphasize that FtsZ is a natural target for bacterial growth inhibition.
The inhibition of IRE1alpha/XBP1 axis prevents EBV-driven lymphomagenesis in NSG mice
Authors: Arena Andrea , Romeo Maria Anele , Po Agnese , Benedetti Rossella , Gilardini Montani Maria Saveria , Gonnella Roberta , Santarelli Roberta , Gaeta Aurelia , De Smaele Enrico , Cirone Mara 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) are a group of heterogeneous diseases originating in conditions of immune deficiency, whose main driver is considered to be Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Here, we explored the role of IRE1alpha/XBP1s axis in EBV-driven lymphomagenesis in an NOD SCID gamma mouse model, as these animals develop malignancies that closely resemble PTLD when engrafted with EBV-positive peripheral blood momonuclear cells (PBMC). This study evidences for the first time that 4μ8C IRE1 alpha endoribonuclease inhibitor prevented lymphomagenesis
in vivo
and B-cell immortalization
in vitro
driven by the virus. At the molecular level, 4μ8C reduced the expression of EBV antigens such as ZEBRA and LMP1, downregulated c-Myc and cyclin D1, and prevented the activation of STAT3, molecules known to be involved in viral lymphomagenesis. The results obtained in this study suggest that the inhibition of IRE1 alpha endoribonuclease may represent a promising therapeutic strategy to prevent EBV-associated PTLD that arise in immune-deficient patients.

IMPORTANCE

The novelty of this study lies in the fact that it shows that IRE1 alpha endoribonuclease inhibition by 4μ8C was able to counteract Epstein-Barr virus-driven lymphomagenesis in NOD SCID gamma mice and prevent B-cell immortalization
in vitro,
unveiling that this drug may be a promising therapeutic approach to reduce the risk of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) onset in immune-deficient patients. This hypothesis is further supported by the fact that 4μ8C impaired the survival of PTLD-like cells derived from mice, meaning that it could be helpful also in the case in which there is the possibility that these malignancies have begun to arise.
Seasonal Dynamics of Growth and Production of Monoporeia affinis (Amphipoda: Pontoporeiidae) in a Subarctic Lake: The Role of Temperature and Trophic Conditions
Authors: Maximov A. A. , Maximova O. B. , Usov N. V. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The growth and production of glacial relic amphipods Monoporeia affinis in a small subarctic lake were studied based on detailed seasonal observations in 2019–2021. Growth and production were closely related to trophic conditions (chlorophyll a concentration). The maximum values were observed at low water temperatures (~5°C) in early summer, coinciding with the spring maximum of chlorophyll. The summer warming of bottom waters was accompanied by a decrease in the growth rate of amphipods, which is apparently associated with the consumption of most of the primary production in the pelagic zone. It is concluded that current climatic conditions can adversely affect glacial relicts even in cold-water lakes of the subarctic zone.
Phase II randomised placebo-controlled trial of sodium selenate as a disease-modifying treatment in chronic drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy: the SeLECT study protocol
Authors: Vivash Lucy , Johns Hannah , Churilov Leonid , MacPhail Sara , Casillas-Espinosa Pablo , Malpas Charles , Shultz Sandy R , Tailby Chris , Wijayath Manori , Reutens David , Gillinder Lisa , Perucca Piero , Carney Patrick , Nicolo John-Paul , Lawn Nicholas , Kwan Patrick , Velakoulis Dennis , Hovens Christopher M , O’Brien Terence J 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionEpilepsy is one of the most common neurological conditions worldwide. Despite many antiseizure medications (ASMs) being available, up to one-third of patients do not achieve seizure control. Preclinical studies have shown treatment with sodium selenate to have a disease-modifying effect in a rat model of chronic temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).AimThis randomised placebo-controlled trial aims to evaluate the antiseizure and disease-modifying effects of sodium selenate in people with drug-resistant TLE.MethodsThis will be a randomised placebo-controlled trial of sodium selenate. One hundred and twenty-four adults with drug-resistant TLE and ≥4 countable seizures/month will be recruited. Outcomes of interest will be measured at baseline, week 26 and week 52 and include an 8-week seizure diary, 24-hour electroencephalogram and cognitive, neuropsychiatric and quality of life measures. Participants will then be randomised to receive a sustained release formulation of sodium selenate (initially 10 mg three times a day, increasing to 15 mg three times a day at week 4 if tolerated) or a matching placebo for 26 weeks.OutcomesThe primary outcome will be a consumer codesigned epilepsy-Desirability of Outcome Rank (DOOR), combining change in seizure frequency, adverse events, quality of life and ASM burden measures into a single outcome measure, compared between treatment arms over the whole 52-week period. Secondary outcomes will compare baseline measures to week 26 (antiseizure) and week 52 (disease modification). Exploratory measures will include biomarkers of treatment response.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the lead site, Alfred Hospital Ethics Committee (594/20). Each participant will provide written informed consent prior to any trial procedures. The results of the study will be presented at national and international conferences, published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated through consumer organisations.ConclusionThis study will be the first disease-modification randomised controlled trial in patients with drug-resistant TLE.Trial registration numberANZCTR; ACTRN12623000446662.