bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FATTY ACID, TOCOPHEROL AND STEROL COMPOSITION AS WELL AS OXIDATIVE STABILITY OF THREE UNUSUAL SUDANESE OILS
Authors: MARIOD ABDALBASIT , MATTHÄUS BERTRAND , EICHNER K. 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACT Three unusual oils, obtained from Sclerocarya birrea (Marula), Aspongopus viduatus (melon bug) and Agonoscelis pubescens (sorghum bug), collected in Sudan from Abu Gibaiha, Ghibaish and Rahad agricultural areas, respectively, were investigated. In addition to the oil content, the fatty acid as well as sterol composition was determined by capillary gas chromatography and the tocopherols were evaluated by high‐performance liquid chromatography. Oxidative stability of the oils was investigated by the Rancimat method. The oil content of seeds from S. birrea amounted to 53.5%, whereas bugs of A. viduatus and A. pubescens came to 45 and 60%, respectively. The oils contained 67.2, 46.5 and 40.9% oleic acid, 5.9, 3.4 and 34.5% linoleic acid, 14.1, 44.2 and 12.1% palmitic acid and traces of linolenic acid, respectively. The tocopherol content of these oils amounted to 13.7, 0.3 and 34.0 mg/100 g oil, respectively. Gamma‐tocopherol was the predominant tocopherol in the oil of S. birrea and A. pubescens. The total content of sterols in the three oils was 287, 17 and 450 mg/100 g oil, respectively, whereas β‐sitosterol was determined as the main compound in all oils with about 60% of the total sterols. In the oil of S. birrea higher amounts of 5‐avenasterol (4.8 mg/100 g) were found. The oxidative stability of the oils, as measured by the Rancimat test at 120C, was 43, 38 and 5.1 h, respectively.
GROUND MEAT BROWNING/DRAINING EFFECTS ON FATTY ACID PROFILES
Authors: RHEE KI SOON , ZIPRIN YOLANDA A. 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACT Recipes using ground meat as a major ingredient often suggest browning the meat and draining the cookout before adding other ingredients. When such brown‐and‐drain process was evaluated on ground pork with 10%, 20% and 30% fat and ground beef with 10% and 20% fat, retention percentages of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased with increasing initial fat levels. However, the amounts of fatty acids in the browned‐and‐drained meat from a given amount of raw meat were still higher for samples with higher initial fat levels, regardless of the fatty acid class. At the fat level of 10%, retention of each class of fatty acids was less for ground pork than for ground beef, whereas the opposite was observed at 20% fat. Particle size of the raw meat had little effect on fatty acid profiles of the browned‐drained meat and fat drip and the retention of individual fatty acids.
Immunization of
Saimiri sciureus
Monkeys with a Recombinant Hybrid Protein Derived from the
Plasmodium falciparum
Antigen Glutamate-Rich Protein and Merozoite Surface Protein 3 Can Induce Partial Protection with Freund and Montanide ISA720 Adjuvants
Authors: Carvalho Leonardo J. M. , Alves Francisco A. , Bianco Cesare , Oliveira Salma G. , Zanini Graziela M. , Soe Soe , Druilhe Pierre , Theisen Michael , Muniz José A. P. C. , Daniel-Ribeiro Cláudio T. 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACT

The immunogenicity and efficacy of a hybrid recombinant protein derived from the N-terminal end of the glutamate-rich protein (GLURP) and the C-terminal portion of the merozoite surface protein 3 (MSP3) of
Plasmodium falciparum
was evaluated in
Saimiri sciureus
monkeys. The GLURP/MSP3 hybrid protein, expressed in
Lactococcus lactis
, was administered in association with alum, Montanide ISA720, or complete or incomplete Freund adjuvant (CFA/IFA) in groups of five animals each. The three formulations were shown to be immunogenic, but the one with alum was shown to be weak compared to the other two, particularly CFA/IFA, which provided very high antibody titers (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titers of >3,000,000 and immunofluorescence antibody test titers of 6,400). After a challenge infection with
P. falciparum
FUP strain, all five monkeys from the GLURP/MSP3-alum group showed a rapid increase in parasitemia, reaching 10% and were treated early. The two monkeys with the highest antibody titers in group GLURP/MSP3-Montanide ISA720 had a delay in the course of parasitemia and were treated late due to a low hematocrit. In the GLURP/MSP3-CFA/IFA group, parasitemia remained below this threshold in four of the five animals and, after it reached a peak, parasitemia started to decrease and monkeys were treated late. When all animals were grouped according to the outcome, a statistically significant association between high antibody titers and partial protection was observed. The challenge infection boosted the antibody titers, and the importance of this event for vaccine efficacy in areas where this parasite is endemic is discussed. In conclusion, these data suggest that GLURP and MSP3 can induce protection against malaria infection if antibodies are induced at properly high titers.
Approach to Validating an Opsonophagocytic Assay for
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Hu Branda T. , Yu Xinhong , Jones Thomas R. , Kirch Carol , Harris Sarah , Hildreth Stephen W. , Madore Dace V. , Quataert Sally A. 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACT

Streptococcus pneumoniae
(pneumococcus) polysaccharide serotype-specific antibodies that have opsonophagocytic activity are considered a primary mechanism of host defense against pneumococcal disease. In vitro opsonophagocytic assays (OPAs) with antibody and complement to mediate opsonophagocytic killing of bacteria have been designed and developed as an adjunct to the standardized serum immunoglobulin G antipneumococcal capsular polysaccharide enzyme immunoassay to assess the effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccines. OPA presents challenges for assay standardization and assay precision due to the multiple biologically active and labile components involved in the assay, including human polymorphonuclear leukocytes or cultured effector cells, bacteria, and complement. Control of these biologically labile components is critical for consistent assay performance. An approach to validating the performance of the assay in accordance with International Conference for Harmonization guidelines, including its specificity, intermediate precision, accuracy, linearity, and robustness, is presented. Furthermore, we established parameters for universal reagents and standardization of the use of these reagents to ensure the interlaboratory reproducibility and validation of new methodologies.
Evaluation of Western Blot CagA Seropositivity in
Helicobacter pylori
-Seropositive and -Seronegative Subjects
Authors: Simán J. Henrik , Engstrand Lars , Berglund Göran , Florén Claes-Henrik , Forsgren Arne 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACT

CagA seropositivity is an important risk factor for gastric adenocarcinoma and duodenal ulcer. However, CagA seropositivity is also found in
Helicobacter pylori
-seronegative subjects. Is CagA seropositivity in these subjects a sign of a past
H. pylori
infection, or does it represent a false-positive reaction? This study investigates the intensity of the CagA immune reaction and the variation in CagA seroprevalence with year of birth for 650 subjects belonging to the Malmö Preventive Medicine cohort. CagA and
H. pylori
seroprevalences were determined by Western blot analysis (Helicoblot 2.1) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The peak intensity of the CagA band was significantly lower in
H. pylori
-seronegative subjects than in those with concomitant
H. pylori
seropositivity. In
H. pylori
-seropositive subjects, peak CagA intensity had a bimodal distribution. The prevalence of CagA-seropositive but
H. pylori
-seronegative subjects increased successively and significantly with year of birth, in contrast to the prevalence of CagA-seropositive and
H. pylori
-seropositive subjects, which decreased significantly. However, within
H. pylori
-seropositive and -seronegative subgroups, CagA seroprevalences were constant for different birth cohorts. If CagA seropositivity in
H. pylori
-seronegative subjects represents a past
H. pylori
infection, there must have been some mechanisms of eradication that were more common in younger subjects and that were of more importance than the presence of gastric atrophy and the longer duration and higher prevalence of
H. pylori
infection found in older subjects. Antibiotic treatment of
H. pylori
was not common practice at the time of enrollment. On the other hand, a false-positive reaction would be constant and independent of birth cohorts, as with the
H. pylori
-seronegative subgroup of our study. Peak CagA intensity in
H. pylori
-seronegative subjects corresponded to the lower part of the bimodal distribution of peak CagA intensity in
H. pylori
-seropositive subjects. We conclude that a major proportion of CagA seropositivity in
H. pylori
-seronegative subjects represents a false-positive reaction. Peak CagA intensity has a bimodal distribution in
H. pylori
-seropositive subjects. Low-intensity CagA seropositivity in
H. pylori
-seropositive subjects is indeterminate, representing both false-positive and true-positive reactions.
Novel Immunofluorescence Assay Using Recombinant Nucleocapsid-Spike Fusion Protein as Antigen To Detect Antibodies against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus
Authors: He Qigai , Manopo Ivanus , Lu Liqun , Leung Bernard P. , Chng Hiok Hee , Ling Ai Ee , Chee Li Lian , Chan Shzu-Wei , Ooi Eng Eong , Sin Yeo Lee , Ang Brenda , Kwang Jimmy 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACT
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is caused by a novel and highly infectious virus named SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Among the serological tests currently available for the detection of SARS-CoV, a whole-virus-based immunofluorescence assay (IFA) was considered one of the most sensitive assays and served as a “gold standard” during the SARS epidemic in Singapore in 2003. However, the need to manipulate live SARS-CoV in the traditional IFA limits its wide application due to the requirement for a biosafety level 3 laboratory and the risk of laboratory infection. Previously, we have identified two immunodominant epitopes, named N195 and Sc, in the two major structural proteins, the N and S proteins, of SARS-CoV (Q. He, K. H. Chong, H. H. Chng, B. Leung, A. E. Ling, T. Wei, S. W. Chan, E. E. Ooi, and J. Kwang, Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol., 11:417-422, 2004; L. Lu, I. Manopo, B. P. Leung, H. H. Chng, A. E. Ling, L. L. Chee, E. E. Ooi, S. W. Chan, and J. Kwang, J. Clin. Microbiol. 42:1570-1576, 2004). In the present study, the N195-Sc fusion protein was highly expressed in insect (Sf9) cells infected with a recombinant baculovirus bearing the hybrid gene under the control of a polyhedrin promoter. An IFA based on Sf9 cells producing the fusion protein was standardized with 23 serum samples from patients with SARS, 20 serum samples from patients with autoimmune diseases, and 43 serum samples from healthy blood donors. The detection rates were comparable to those obtained with a commercial SARS-CoV IFA kit (EUROIMMUN, Gross Groenau, Germany) and a conventional IFA performed at the Singapore General Hospital. Our data showed that the newly developed IFA could detect SARS-CoV in 22 of the 23 SARS-CoV-positive serum samples and gave no false-positive results when the sera from patients with autoimmune diseases and healthy individuals were tested. The detection rate was identical to those of the two whole-virus-based IFAs. Thus, the novel N-S fusion antigen-based IFA could be an attractive alternative to present whole-virus-based IFAs for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV infection.
LcrV Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of
Yersinia pestis
from Human Samples
Authors: Gomes-Solecki Maria J. C. , Savitt Anne G. , Rowehl Rebecca , Glass John D. , Bliska James B. , Dattwyler Raymond J. 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACT

In the United States, there is currently a major gap in the diagnostic capabilities with regard to plague. To address this, we developed an antigen capture assay using an essential virulence factor secreted by
Yersinia
spp., LcrV, as the target antigen. We generated anti-LcrV monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and screened them for the ability to bind bacterially secreted native
Yersinia pestis
LcrV. Anti-LcrV MAb 19.31 was used as a capture antibody, and biotinylated MAb 40.1 was used for detection. The detection limit of this highly sensitive
Yersinia
LcrV capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is 0.1 ng/ml. The assay detected LcrV from human sputum and blood samples treated with concentrations as low as 0.5 ng/ml of bacterially secreted native
Y. pestis
LcrV. This assay could be used as a tool to help confirm the diagnosis of plague in patients presenting with pneumonia.
Antigens of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Recognized by Antibodies during Incipient, Subclinical Tuberculosis
Authors: Singh Krishna K. , Dong Yuxin , Belisle John T. , Harder Jeffrey , Arora Vijay K. , Laal Suman 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACT

Serum samples obtained from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected tuberculosis (TB) patients months prior to clinical TB were used to delineate the profile of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
culture filtrate proteins recognized during subclinical TB. A subset of ∼12 antigens was recognized by antibodies in these serum samples. Antibodies to two of these antigens (81 [88]-kDa malate synthase [GlcB] and MPT51) were present in serum samples obtained during incipient subclinical TB in 19 (∼90%) of the 21 HIV-infected TB patients tested. These antigens will be useful for devising diagnostic tests that can identify HIV-positive individuals who are at a high risk for developing clinical TB.
Performance of Two Commercial Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Kits Using Recombinant Glycoprotein G2 Antigen for Detection of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Specific Antibodies
Authors: Reddy Sharmila M. , Balakrishnan P. , Uma S. , Thyagarajan S. P. , Solomon Suniti 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACT
For 93 stored serum samples tested by HerpeSelect2 and the Euroimmun enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of herpes simplex virus type 2-specific immunoglobulin G antibodies, the concordance of positive and negative results was 100%. Moreover, all the results that were equivocal by HerpeSelect2 (negative by Euroimmun) were confirmed as being negative by a Western blot assay.
Antibody Responses to Asian and American Genotypes of Dengue 2 Virus in Immunized Mice
Authors: Bernardo Lidice , Yndart Adriana , Vázquez Susana , Morier Luis , Guzmán María G. 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACT
The possibility of a correlation between dengue virus genotype groups and disease severity is currently under discussion. The objective of this investigation was to identify any immunogenic difference between the American and Asian dengue 2 virus genotypes through the study of antibody development (virus-binding immunoglobulin G and neutralizing antibodies) in mice. Differences in the neutralization pattern between the strains studied were observed, suggesting the presence of slight antigenic variations among them. The lack of recognition of one of the Asian genotype strains was remarkable.
Esomeprazole 40 mg Administered Intravenously Has Similar Safety and Efficacy Profiles to the Oral Formulation in Patients with Erosive Esophagitis
Authors: Schneider Herbert , van Rensburg Christoffel , Schmidt Stephen , Aboo Nazimuddin , Mäkelä Heli , Nauclér Emma , Hallerbäck Bengt , Svedberg Lars-Erik 
Published: February 2005

<i>Background/Aims:</i> An intravenous formulation of esomeprazole has been developed for use in patients where oral administration is not appropriate. This study evaluated safety after 1 and 4 weeks, and efficacy after 4 weeks’ esomeprazole 40 mg once daily treatment, administered via an intravenous injection, intravenous infusion or orally, in patients with erosive esophagitis. <i>Methods:</i> In this double-blind, multi-centre study, patients with endoscopically confirmed erosive esophagitis (Los Angeles grade A–D) were randomized to receive 1 week’s treatment of esomeprazole 40 mg once daily, via a 3-min injection, a 30-min infusion or orally, followed by 3 weeks of open treatment with oral esomeprazole 40 mg once daily. Safety variables were evaluated following 1 and 4 weeks’ esomeprazole treatment. Healing rates at 4 weeks were estimated. <i>Results:</i> Intravenous and oral esomeprazole were equally well tolerated during the first week, and after 4 weeks’ treatment. The 3 treatment groups showed similar levels of healing following 4 weeks’ treatment with esomeprazole (injection + oral: 79.7%; infusion + oral: 80.2%; oral alone: 82.6%). <i>Conclusions:</i> Esomeprazole 40 mg administered via an intravenous injection, intravenous infusion or orally administered for 1 week, followed by 3 weeks of oral dosing, is well tolerated and provides effective healing of erosive esophagitis.
Attenuation-Based Estimates of Rainfall Rates Aloft with Vertically Pointing Ka-Band Radars
Authors: Matrosov Sergey Y. 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
An approach is suggested to retrieve low-resolution rainfall rate profiles and layer-averaged rainfall rates, Ra, from radar reflectivity measurements made by vertically pointing Ka-band radars. This approach is based on the effects of attenuation of radar signals in rain and takes advantage of the nearly linear relation between specific attenuation and rainfall rate at Ka-band frequencies. The variability of this relation due to temperature, details of raindrop size distributions, and the nature of rain (convective versus stratiform) is rather small (∼10%) and contributes little to errors in rainfall rate retrievals. The main contribution to the retrieval errors comes from the uncertainty of the difference in the nonattenuated radar reflectivities in the beginning and the end of the range resolution interval. For 2- and 1-dB uncertainties in this difference, the retrieval errors due to this main contribution are less than 34% and 17%, correspondingly, for rains with Ra ≈ 10 mm h−1 at a 1-km resolution interval. The heavier rain rates are retrieved with a better accuracy since this retrieval error contribution is proportional to 1/Ra. The retrieval accuracy can also be improved but at the expense of more coarse vertical resolutions of retrievals since the main retrieval error contribution is also proportional to the reciprocal of the resolution interval. The Mie scattering effects at Ka band results in less variability in nonattenuated reflectivities (cf. lower radar frequencies), which aids the suggested approach. Given that radar receivers are not saturated, the rainfall rates can be retrieved using cloud radars that were originally designed for measuring only nonprecipitating and weakly precipitating clouds. An important advantage of the attenuation-based retrievals of rainfall is that absolute radar calibration is not required. The inclusion of rainfall information will improve the characterization of the atmospheric column obtained with such radars used for climate research. The applications of the suggested approach are illustrated using the vertically pointing Ka-band radar measurements made during a field experiment in southern Florida. The retrieval results are in good agreement with surface estimates of rainfall rates.
Detiding ADCP Data in a Highly Variable Shelf Sea: The Celtic Sea
Authors: Carrillo L. , Souza A. J. , Hill A. E. , Brown J. , Fernand L. , Candela J. 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
This paper presents a comparison of two conventional detiding techniques carried out for ship-mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) data collected in the European shelf area of the Celtic Sea during the summer of 1998. One technique consisted of extracting the vertically averaged tidal currents obtained from a barotropic three-dimensional numerical tidal model. The second technique consisted of fitting the spatiotemporal ADCP data using least squares and polynomial spatial functions. In the least squares technique, the incorporation of zero velocity normal to the coast appears to improve the estimation of the tidal currents near the coast. Quantitative comparisons of the results from both techniques with historical current meter observations are shown. However, both methods showed limitations in accurately representing the tidal currents in the study area. Consequently, an alternative detiding technique is proposed. This technique consists of blending the tidal currents derived from the numerical model with those fitted to the ADCP data from the least squares method. Improved results were obtained using the blending technique. ADCP-derived residual currents were comparable with contemporaneous flows measured using drifting buoys and also with estimates obtained by geostrophic calculations.
Reflections on science as a gendered endeavour: changes and continuities
Authors: Amâncio Lígia 
Published: February 2005

English This article aims to show, first, that gender representations are embedded in the organizational forms and dominant culture of science and, second, that scientists and scientific institutions have contributed to the perpetuation of gender representations, in particular the representation of women as a sexed category. The theoretical framework of this analysis articulates studies on gender and science with the theory of social representations. Three periods will be considered to illustrate the argument: first, the period of exclusion of women from science in the late 19th and early 20th centuries; second, the period of the development of women's and gender studies in the 1960s and 1970s; and finally, the implications of the past for the present, discussed in the light of recent changes. French Cet article tend tout d'abord à montrer que les représentations de genre sont ancrées dans les formes organisationnelles et la culture dominante de la science. Il vise aussi à montrer que les scientifiques et les institutions scientifiques ont contribué à la perpétuation des représentations de genre, et en particulier à la représentation des femmes comme catégorie sexuée. Le cadre théorique de l'analyse articule tout à la fois les études sur le genre et la science et la théorie des représentations sociales. On considérera trois périodes pour illustrer l'argument. Tout d'abord, la période de l'exclusion des femmes du domaine scientifique à la fin du 19ème et au début du 20ème siècle. Puis, la période du développement des études sur le genre et la science dans les années 1960 et 1970. Enfin, on discutera les implications du passé pour le présent à la lumière des changements récents.