bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of fine-needle aspiration cytology in thyroidectomy extent and associated surgical morbidity in thyroid cancer
Authors: Lind Patrik , Nordenström Erik , Johansson Lars , Wallin Göran , Daskalakis Kosmas 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the impact of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the extent of surgery in patients with thyroid cancer (TC) and the associated surgical morbidity in primary and completion setting.

Methods
A Swedish nationwide cohort of patients having surgery for TC (n = 2519) from the Scandinavian Quality Register for Thyroid, Parathyroid and Adrenal surgery between 2004 and 2013 was obtained. Data was validated through scrutinizing FNAC and histology reports.

Results
Among the 2519 cases operated for TC, the diagnosis was substantiated and validated through the histology report in 2332 cases (92.6%). Among these, 1679 patients (72%) were female, and the median age at TC diagnosis was 52.3 years (range 18–94.6). Less than total thyroidectomy (LTT) was undertaken in 944 whereas total thyroidectomy (TT) in 1388 cases. The intermediate FNAC categories of atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/ FLUS), as well as suspicion for follicular neoplasm (SFN) lesions were more often encountered in LTT (n = 314, 33.3%) than TT (n = 63, 4.6%), whereas FNACs suspicion for malignancy and/or malignancy were overrepresented in TT (n = 963, 69.4%). Completion thyroidectomies were undertaken in 553 patients out of 944 that initially had LTT. In 201 cases with cancer lesions > 1 cm, other than FTC (Follicular TC)/ HTC (Hürthle cell TC) subjected to primary LTT, inadequate procedures were undertaken in 81 due to absent, Bethesda I or II FNAC categories, preoperatively. Complications at completion of surgery in this particular setting were 0.5% for RLN palsy (n = 1) and 1% (n = 2) for hypoparathyroidism 6 months postoperatively. The overall postoperative complication rate was higher in primary TT vs. LTT for RLN palsy (4.8% [n = 67] vs. 2.4% [n = 23]; p = 0.003) and permanent hypoparathyroidism (6.8% [n = 95] vs. 0.8% [n = 8]; p < 0.0001).

Conclusions
FNAC results appear to affect surgical planning in TC as intermediate FNAC categories lead more often to LTT. Overall, inadequate procedures necessitating completion surgery are encountered in up to 15% of TC patients subjected to LTT due to absent, inconclusive, or misleading FNAC, preoperatively. However, completion of thyroidectomy in this setting did not yield significant surgical morbidity. Primary LTT is a safer primary approach compared to TT in respect of RLN palsy and permanent hypoparathyroidism complication rates; therefore, primary TT should probably be reserved for lesions > 1 cm or even larger with suspicion for malignancy or malignant FNAC.
Bicarbonate secretion and acid/base sensing by the intestine
Authors: Becker Holger M. , Seidler Ursula E. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe transport of bicarbonate across the enterocyte cell membrane regulates the intracellular as well as the luminal pH and is an essential part of directional fluid movement in the gut. Since the first description of “active” transport of HCO3− ions against a concentration gradient in the 1970s, the fundamental role of HCO3− transport for multiple intestinal functions has been recognized. The ion transport proteins have been identified and molecularly characterized, and knockout mouse models have given insight into their individual role in a variety of functions. This review describes the progress made in the last decade regarding novel techniques and new findings in the molecular regulation of intestinal HCO3− transport in the different segments of the gut. We discuss human diseases with defects in intestinal HCO3− secretion and potential treatment strategies to increase luminal alkalinity. In the last part of the review, the cellular and organismal mechanisms for acid/base sensing in the intestinal tract are highlighted.
Modelling the mechanical behaviour of clay using particle-scale simulations
Authors: de Bono John , McDowell Glenn 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper demonstrates the latest developments in particle-scale modelling of a clay. It shows that by creating an initial sample of platelets featuring aggregated stacks, excellent macroscopic behaviour is achieved. This approach is justified by examining SEM images of clay slurries, and is consistent with the behaviour of real clays. The use of aggregated stacks allows a wider range of platelet interactions and micro properties to be simulated and investigated, and significantly, enables interactions to be modelled that are based on a range of real measurements obtained from surface force experiments.
Graphical Abstract
Integrating geological, hydrogeological and geophysical data to identify groundwater resources in granitic basement areas (Guéra Massif, Chad)
Authors: Nouradine H. , Schamper C. , Valdes D. , Moussa I. , Ramel D. , Plagnes V. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn Chad, hard-rock aquifers are the main source of drinking water for the population located on basement areas. In these basement aquifers, and in particular those of the Guéra region, water drilling failure rates remain high despite research on one- and two-dimensional electrical resistivity techniques and lineaments as a means to improve access to the resource, mainly because these techniques are only used on an observational and structural basis to locate fractures. This study combines electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) with geology, hydrogeology and geomorphology, in order to characterise the structure and geometry of the aquifer system, assess borehole productivity and determine the factors controlling it. After validating the large dataset and its representativeness, 315 high- and low-yield wells, of which 41 have complete geophysical datasets, were selected. This large dataset allows a multi-parameter approach to (1) better characterise each facies according to its electrical resistivity and (2) clearly identify the main formations constituting the local conceptual hydrogeological model. The most suitable areas for productive boreholes are characterised by the presence of an overburden of <20 m depth, well-developed weathered and fractured horizons of granites and biotite granites (preferably) containing little or no clay, and a nearby drainage network. The most substantial flow rates are found in the first 30 m of the fissured horizon, below the base of the alterites. The experience gained from the present study will guide future analysis of ERT sections in order to reduce the probability of drilling dry wells.
Verteilung und Einsatz mobiler Ultraschallgeräte in der präklinischen Notfallmedizin in Österreich
Authors: Halsegger K. , Haller K. , Kollmann Chr. 
Published: February 2024

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Arbeit
In den letzten Jahren haben mobile, handliche Ultraschallgeräte (US-Geräte) auch im präklinischen notfallmedizinischen Bereich eine Verbreitung gefunden. In dieser Arbeit wird erstmalig ein Überblick über die Anzahl mobiler US-Geräte in notfallmedizinischen Einsatzfahrzeugen (EFZ) in Österreich gegeben. Da in diesem präklinischen Setting die Geräte extremen Gegebenheiten ausgesetzt sein können, werden darüber hinaus die am meisten beanspruchten Gerätekomponenten erörtert.

Methodik
Mittels Online-Recherche als auch telefonischer Kontaktaufnahme mit Personen aus dem Notarztwesen erfolgte die Ermittlung der Anzahl der mobilen US-Geräte in Österreich. Die Erhebung bezüglich der Verteilung der Geräte wurde von Mai bis November 2021 durchgeführt. Darüber hinaus wurde eine Online-Umfrage für alle in Österreich aktiv tätigen NotärztInnen geschaltet, um unter anderem deren Erfahrungen bezüglich der Anwendung und Sicherstellung der Qualität der mobilen US-Geräte eruieren zu können.

Ergebnisse
Zum Zeitpunkt der Datenerhebung besitzen 65,85 % aller luftraumgebundenen und 31,97 % aller bodengebundenen EFZ für die Notfallmedizin in Österreich mobile US-Geräte. Im Zuge der Umfrage konnten 271 TeilnehmerInnen ausgewertet werden, wovon 186 Personen (68,64 %) ein mobiles US-Gerät zur Verfügung haben. 153 TeilnehmerInnen (82,26 %) setzen dieses aktiv, vor allem für den Ausschluss eines Pneumothorax oder freier Flüssigkeit, ein und führten an, dass bezüglich der Geräte vor allem Kabel, gefolgt von US-Sonden, am meisten mechanisch beansprucht werden.

Diskussion
Durch die Erhebung der Verteilung der mobilen US-Geräte in der präklinischen Notfallmedizin in Österreich wurde ein Anhaltspunkt für zukünftige Entwicklungen des US in diesem Setting geschaffen. Darüber hinaus konnten die wichtigsten Einsatzgebiete und Herausforderungen für Geräte und NotärztInnen aufgezeigt werden.
MILP models of a patient transportation problem
Authors: Tóth Martin , Hajba Tamás , Horváth Adrián 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWith ageing societies and increasing number of patients, there is a growing need for quality services that help transporting non-urgent patients to hospitals. In logistics, patient transportation problems are usually modeled as a dial-a-ride problem. In a Dial-a-Ride problem, a fleet of vehicles is providing the delivery services between the loading points and the delivery destinations. The demands are known in advance. In most cases the total travel distance of the vehicles is to be minimized. In this paper, we consider a specific dial-a-ride problem, where a single vehicle is used to transport patients to the same hospital. In determining the optimal route, the multiple and different travel needs of patients, such as their maximum travel time, are also taken into consideration. We introduce 4 different mixed integer linear programming models of the routing problem. Finally, the efficiency of the four models was compared using some real-life problems by solving them with a commercial solver.
Geomorphological assessment as basic complement of InSAR analysis for landslide processes understanding
Authors: Torre Davide , Galve Jorge Pedro , Reyes-Carmona Cristina , Alfonso-Jorde David , Ballesteros Daniel , Menichetti Marco , Piacentini Daniela , Troiani Francesco , Azañón José Miguel 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLandslide research has benefited greatly from advances in remote sensing techniques. However, the recent increase in available data on land surface movement provided by InSAR techniques can lead to identifying only those areas that were active during data acquisition as hazardous, overlooking other potentially unsafe areas or neglecting landslide-specific geological settings in hazard assessments. Here, we present a case study that serves as a reminder for landslide researchers to carefully consider the geology and geomorphology of study areas where complex active movements are detected using InSAR technology. In an area extensively studied using InSAR and UAV-related techniques, we provide new insights by applying classical approaches. The area is the coastal stretch of La Herradura, and its importance lies in the fact that it has served as an illustrative example in the Product User Manual of the European Ground Motion Service, a platform that provides ground motion data on a European scale. Our approach is to revisit the area and carry out qualitative geological and geomorphological assessments supported by UAV surveys and GIS spatial analysis on a broader scale than previously published investigations. Our classical approach has yielded the following new observations, crucial for risk assessment and land management: active landslides identified by InSAR techniques since 2015 are bodies nested within large mass movements that affect entire slopes. A variety of processes contribute to slope dynamics, such as large slumps, marble rock spreading and block sliding, and surface rock falls and topples. The revised delineation of the landslide bodies reveals an area almost five times larger than previously mapped. These new findings in a well-known area highlight (1) the importance of updating and downscaling previous maps and (2) the ongoing importance of classical fieldwork and desk studies as basic complements to modern InSAR analyses.
Deepfakes: current and future trends
Authors: Gambín Ángel Fernández , Yazidi Anis , Vasilakos Athanasios , Haugerud Hårek , Djenouri Youcef 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAdvances in Deep Learning (DL), Big Data and image processing have facilitated online disinformation spreading through Deepfakes. This entails severe threats including public opinion manipulation, geopolitical tensions, chaos in financial markets, scams, defamation and identity theft among others. Therefore, it is imperative to develop techniques to prevent, detect, and stop the spreading of deepfake content. Along these lines, the goal of this paper is to present a big picture perspective of the deepfake paradigm, by reviewing current and future trends. First, a compact summary of DL techniques used for deepfakes is presented. Then, a review of the fight between generation and detection techniques is elaborated. Moreover, we delve into the potential that new technologies, such as distributed ledgers and blockchain, can offer with regard to cybersecurity and the fight against digital deception. Two scenarios of application, including online social networks engineering attacks and Internet of Things, are reviewed where main insights and open challenges are tackled. Finally, future trends and research lines are discussed, pointing out potential key agents and technologies.
Deep learning for survival analysis: a review
Authors: Wiegrebe Simon , Kopper Philipp , Sonabend Raphael , Bischl Bernd , Bender Andreas 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe influx of deep learning (DL) techniques into the field of survival analysis in recent years has led to substantial methodological progress; for instance, learning from unstructured or high-dimensional data such as images, text or omics data. In this work, we conduct a comprehensive systematic review of DL-based methods for time-to-event analysis, characterizing them according to both survival- and DL-related attributes. In summary, the reviewed methods often address only a small subset of tasks relevant to time-to-event data—e.g., single-risk right-censored data—and neglect to incorporate more complex settings. Our findings are summarized in an editable, open-source, interactive table:https://survival-org.github.io/DL4Survival. As this research area is advancing rapidly, we encourage community contribution in order to keep this database up to date.
Bacterial consortium based on Pseudomonas fluorescens, Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus and Bacillus velezensis reduces clubroot disease in broccoli
Authors: Moreno-Velandia Carlos Andrés , Izquierdo-García Luisa Fernanda , García-Arias Francy Liliana , Patiño-Moscoso Manuel Alfonso 
Published: February 2024

AbstractClubroot disease caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae is the most devastating disease in Brassicaceae plants. Control of clubroot is limited because of the survival of resting spores of the pathogen in the soil for years. Crop rotation, liming of the soil, fungicides and resistant cultivars have not been totally efficient in reducing the damages of the disease or pathogen spread. Although biocontrol with microorganisms has shown potential against clubroot, the variable results when using individual strains have made implementation difficult. Thus, the aim of this work was to determine whether a consortium of selected beneficial microorganisms is more efficient in controlling clubroot in broccoli than single strains. Single strains of bacteria from the Lysinibacillus, Bacillus and Pseudomonas genera (5 × 107 cells ml−1) and Trichoderma spp. (1 × 106 conidia ml−1) were evaluated in an initial screening. Four strains showing the best performance on plant growth and reduction of clubroot were evaluated as consortia in a further experiment. Treatments were applied in nursery (4 ml plant−1), and to the soil one week before transplant and the day of transplant (60 ml plant−1 each time). Plant shoot and root dry weight and the incidence and severity of clubroot were recorded. Supernatant from liquid cultures of Pseudomonas migulae Pf014 and Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus Br042, and washed cells of Bacillus velezensis Bs006 and B. pumilus Br019 promoted shoot growth of the plants. Single applications of Trichoderma asperellum Th034, Bs006, Br042 and Pseudomonas fluorescens Ps006 showed biocontrol potential against clubroot. However, the consortia built of Bs006, Br042 and Ps006 showed the highest reduction of clubroot incidence (78%) and severity (74%). A synergistic interaction by this consortium was found compared with the efficacy of single strains. To our knowledge, this work reports for the first time a consortium based on three rhizobacteria with high potential to control clubroot disease.
Religion and Fertility: A Longitudinal Register Study Examining Differences by Sex, Parity, Partner’s Religion, and Religious Conversion in Finland
Authors: Kolk Martin , Saarela Jan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We use longitudinal data on religious affiliation in Finland to examine childbearing behavior. All analyses are based on detailed fertility information from the Finnish national register of each person’s religious denomination for men and women born in 1956–1975. We identify higher fertility according to parity among members of the Evangelical Lutheran state church and other Protestant churches, and lower fertility among individuals with no religious affiliation. Most other religious groups—Orthodox Christians, Jews, Muslims, and adherents of Eastern religions—have intermediate levels of fertility. We also find that religious converts, that is, those observed with more than one religious denomination over their life course, typically are similar to the non-converts of the group they convert to, though with more distinct deviations from the Finnish population. Women show larger differences by religious affiliation than men. We find the largest differences across religions when we examine the proportion of childless men and women. Overall, differences between religious groups are rather modest, and childbearing patterns are quite similar. Our results provide, to our knowledge, the first examination of religion and fertility using national-level longitudinal data.
Complete Calabi–Yau metrics from smoothing Calabi–Yau complete intersections
Authors: Firester Benjy J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe construct complete Calabi–Yau metrics on non-compact manifolds that are smoothings of an initial complete intersection $$V_0$$

V
0

that is a Calabi–Yau cone, extending the work of Székelyhidi (Duke Math J 168(14):2651–2700, 2019). The constructed Calabi–Yau manifold has tangent cone at infinity given by $${\mathbb {C}}\times V_0$$

C
×

V
0

. This construction produces Calabi–Yau metrics with fibers having varying complex structures and possibly isolated singularities.
The Child Protection Response to Domestic Violence and Abuse: a Scoping Review of Interagency Interventions, Models and Collaboration
Authors: Hale Hannah , Bracewell Kelly , Bellussi Laura , Jenkins Ruth , Alexander Joanne , Devaney John , Callaghan Jane E. M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
There is a growing acknowledgement that children are direct victims of domestic violence and abuse, and require support and protection in their own right. However, professional interventions designed to protect children may unintentionally further victimise parents, most often mothers. In response, a number of new interagency approaches have been developed.

Method
Updating a previous review by Macvean et al. (Australian Social Work,71(2), 148–161, 2018), we report the findings of a scoping review of models of interagency working between child protection and either domestic abuse services or family law services, or all three services, to improve understanding of practices that may facilitate collaboration between child protection and other agencies in the context of domestic violence and abuse. We also consider the effectiveness of such approaches in improving the safety of child and adult victims.

Results
A systematic search of all sources identified 4103 documents that were screened for inclusion. The outcome of this screening was the identification of thirteen papers or reports dated between 2018 and 2022 that comprised an evaluation of six models of interagency interventions. Nine publications originated in Australia, three in the UK and one in the USA. The most referenced model was Safe & Together, primarily due to the number of publications from the same research team in Australia. None of the included studies reported the outcomes or impact for children and families.

Conclusions
While there are a growing number of promising approaches identified, there is little evidence of effectiveness, or the views of child and adult family members about the acceptability and utility of such approaches.
Accurate heat capacity determination of solids and liquids using a heat conduction calorimeter
Authors: Hothar Marcus , Wadsö Lars 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the suitability of heat conduction calorimeters for determining the specific heat capacity of solid and liquid substances. Accurate and precise measurements were obtained for various substances, including water, ethylene glycol, the ionic liquid [EMIM][TCM], and copper, with relative standard deviations averaging less than 1%. Measurements on [EMIM][DCA] indicated a systematic deviation from the literature values. The study highlights the repeatability of the measurement method, which worked well for both temperature increases and decreases, as well as for the mean of the two. The influence of sample size on the results when it came to liquids was also investigated, revealing that large sample sizes led to underpredictions; while, small sizes yielded the opposite effect. The best results were obtained with half-filled vials; a similar filling level as was used in the electrical calibrations of the calorimeters with heaters in the vials. Additionally, no significant differences were observed among the eight calorimeters of the I-Cal Flex instrument, and different baseline calculation methods had negligible impact on the results. Overall, this study illustrates how a heat conduction calorimeter can be utilized for accurate and precise heat capacity measurements for both solid and liquid substances.