bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of an obeche (Triplochiton scleroxylon) wood allergen as a class I chitinase
Authors: Kespohl S. , Sander I. , Merget R. , Petersen A. , Meyer H. E. , Sickmann A. , Bruening T. , Raulf‐Heimsoth M. 
Published: May 2005

Background:  Wood dust is known to cause allergic occupational asthma and obeche (Triplochiton scleroxylon) is a prominent exponent in this field. However, the knowledge about wood allergens is still limited. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize obeche wood allergens.Methods:  Obeche extracts were prepared from freshly ground in comparison to 7 years stored wood dust and investigated by Sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamid gel electrophoresis, enzyme‐linked allergosorbent test and immunoglobulin (Ig)E‐immunoblot. Allergens were detected by specific IgE of seven obeche allergic patients’ sera and protein analysis was performed by mass spectrometry. Cross‐reactivity was demonstrated by ImmunoCAP‐inhibition with sera of seven obeche and four latex‐allergic patients.Results:  Obeche extracts showed different protein pattern and IgE‐binding capacities depend on the age of the wood dust. A 38 kDa protein was identified as major obeche wood allergen, detected by six of seven (85%) obeche allergic patients’ sera and was entitled as Trip s 1. Trip s 1 is homologous to plant class I chitinases and exhibited enzyme activity demonstrated by chitinolysis. Co‐recognition or cross‐reactivity of Trip s 1 according to structural similarity was seen in sera of latex allergic patients. IgE inhibition studies with obeche as solid phase and Trip s 1 and latex hevein as inhibitor demonstrated that Trip s 1 was a more effective inhibitor in obeche as well as in latex allergic patients’ sera.Conclusions:  Trip s 1 is a new obeche wood allergen of the plant class I chitinase family. This finding may explain the dominant role of obeche in sensitization against wood dust.
Treatment of Segmental Tibial Defects Using Acute Bone Shortening Followed by Gradual Lengthening with Circular External Fixator
Authors: Rahal S. C. , Volpi R. S. , Vulcano L. C. 
Published: May 2005

SummaryThe aim of this study was to clinically and radiographically evaluate acute bone shortening followed by gradual lengthening in the treatment of large segmental tibia defects induced in seven clinically normal dogs. A circular external fixator was assembled with one proximal 5/8‐circle ring, one middle ring and one distal ring connected with three rods. Thirty per cent of the tibia and fibula were removed in the middle and distal parts of the diaphyses, between the middle and distal rings. Acute bone shortening with compression of proximal and distal segments was performed. A subperiosteal osteotomy was performed between the half‐ring and middle ring. Bone distraction started 7 days after surgery; after lengthening, the apparatus was left in place for 14 weeks for consolidation of regenerated bone. The frame was removed at the end of this period, and the dogs observed for four more weeks. Functional results were considered excellent in two, good in three and fair in the other two dogs. Bone regeneration within the distraction gap was obtained 14 weeks after neutral fixation period. We concluded that acute bone shortening followed by gradual lengthening by Ilizarov method can be used to treat extensive tibial defects in dogs, although it presents limb temporary abnormal limb shape and unequal length as early disadvantages.
Clinical picture of boys with XSCID and the road to gene therapy
Authors: Davis Joie , Chinen Javier , Garafalo Mary , Woltz Patricia , Malech Harry , Puck Jennifer 
Published: May 2005

X‐Linked Severe Combined Immune Deficiency is a rare (about 1/50 000) disorder manifested by a lack of both cellular and humoral immune function. Without treatment the affected male infants usually die in their first year of life from persistent and chronic infections, particularly with opportunistic pathogens.Treatment by bone marrow transplantation (BMT) rescues > 90% of the patients fortunate enough to have an HLA matched sibling donor. Survival is decreased to 60–80% if the donor is a parent whose HLA antigens match half of the child’s. However, short and long‐term complications of BMT include graft failure, graft versus host disease and lack of B‐cell reconstitution, leaving patients dependent on monthly IV gammaglobulin infusions.We have evaluated eight males between the ages of 5–19 who were selected because of poor outcome after BMT. They all have growth failure, malabsorption, lung disease, and chronic anemia. They all have received 1–4 haploidentical BMTs but continue to be on monthly IVIG and antibiotics. Because their T cell counts are falling and are insufficient to regulate immune response, they are candidates to enrol in the NIH XSCID Gene Transfer clinical trial. This presentation will describe the clinical picture of the eight gene transfer candidates and how the treated subject progressed after receiving gene transfer.
A comparison of a genetic screening strategy and a biochemical strategy for population screening for hemochromatosis
Authors: Patch Christine , Roderick Paul , Rosenberg William 
Published: May 2005

This presentation reports findings from a randomised controlled trial, offering biochemical or genetic screening to 3000 individuals in a primary care population. Assessments of anxiety, general health and depression were made at baseline, testing, result and 6 month followup.The most common reason given for not accepting screening was ‘not interested’ or ‘too busy.’ Screening did not lead to significant changes in the assessments and there were no significant differences between the two strategies.The two screening strategies appeared to cause little adverse psychological disturbance, adding support to previous work suggesting that genetic testing, when used for screening in this way, has few adverse effects.
Glutathione as a depigmenting agent: an overview
Authors: Villarama C. D. , Maibach H. I. 
Published: May 2005

SynopsisGlutathione is an ubiquitous compound found in our bodies. Aside from its many ascribed biologic functions, it has also been implicated in skin lightening. We review in vitro and in vivo studies that show evidence of its involvement in the melanogenic pathway and shed light on the its anti‐melanogenic effect. Proposed mechanisms of action include: (a) direct inactivation of the enzyme tyrosinase by binding with the copper‐containing active site of the enzyme; (b) mediating the switch mechanism from eumelanin to phaeomelanin production; (c) quenching of free radicals and peroxides that contribute to tyrosinase activation and melanin formation; and d) modulation of depigmenting abilities of melanocytotoxic agents. These concepts supported by the various experimental evidence presented form basis for future research in the use of glutathione in the treatment of pigmentary disorders.
Topical palmitoyl pentapeptide provides improvement in photoaged human facial skin1
Authors: Robinson L. R. , Fitzgerald N. C. , Doughty D. G. , Dawes N. C. , Berge C. A. , Bissett D. L. 
Published: May 2005

SynopsisThe palmitoyl pentapeptide palmitoyl‐lysine‐threonine‐threonine‐lysine‐serine (pal‐KTTKS) is a synthetic material that was designed as a topical agent to stimulate collagen production and thus provide a skin anti‐wrinkle benefit. To determine if pal‐KTTKS is effective, the clinical study reported here was conducted. Caucasian female subjects (n = 93, aged 35–55) participated in a 12‐week, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, split‐face, left–right randomized clinical study assessing two topical products: moisturizer control product vs. the same moisturizer product containing 3 ppm pal‐KTTKS. Pal‐KTTKS was well tolerated by the skin and provided significant improvement vs. placebo control for reduction in wrinkles/fine lines by both quantitative technical and expert grader image analysis. In self‐assessments, subjects also reported significant fine line/wrinkle improvements and noted directional effects for other facial improvement parameters.
Synthesis of mono‐dispersed spherical silica particles containing covalently bonded chromophores
Authors: Walenzyk T. , Carola C. , Buchholz H. , König B. 
Published: May 2005

SynopsisOrganic–inorganic ultraviolet (UV) active hybrid materials have been prepared by a sol‐gel process from benzophenone derivatives and tetraethylorthosilicate. The silica particles are spherical in shape and have a narrow size distribution which remains unchanged up to organic chromophore concentrations of 0.2 mmol g−1. At higher concentrations the spheres become less regular and fuse. A dependence of the material absorption properties on the particle size (at the same organic chromophore concentration) and on the concentration of surface grafted chromophores was noted. The most effective UV filter materials were found in a combination of silica incorporated chromophores and surface grafted chromophores at an overall low chromophore concentration. A comparison of the photostability of chromophores at standardized UV irradiation revealed an increase in stability for silica incorporated and surface immobilized benzophenone compared to benzophenone in a homogeneous solution.
Evidence for substantial genetic risk for psychopathy in 7‐year‐olds
Authors: Viding Essi , Blair R. James R. , Moffitt Terrie E. , Plomin Robert 
Published: May 2005

Background:  Individuals with early warning signs of life‐long psychopathy, callous‐unemotional traits (CU) and high levels of antisocial behaviour (AB) can be identified in childhood. We report here the first twin study of high levels of psychopathic tendencies in young children.Methods:  At the end of the first school year, teachers provided ratings of CU and AB for 3687 twin pairs from the Twins Early Development Study (TEDS). For the analyses of extreme CU, we selected same‐sex twin pairs where at least one twin scored 1.3 or more standard deviations above the mean on the CU scale (612 probands, 459 twin pairs). For the analysis of extreme AB, we selected same‐sex twin pairs where at least one twin scored 1.3 or more standard deviations above the mean on AB scale (444 probands, 364 twin pairs). Furthermore, the extreme AB sample was divided into those who were also extreme on CU (children with psychopathic tendencies; 234 probands, 187 twin pairs) and those who did not score in the extreme for CU (children without psychopathic tendencies; 210 probands, 177 twin pairs).Results:  DeFries–Fulker extremes analysis indicated that exhibiting high levels of CU is under strong genetic influence. Furthermore, separating children with AB into those with high and low levels of CU showed striking results: AB in children with high levels of CU is under extremely strong genetic influence and no influence of shared environment, whereas AB in children with low levels of CU shows moderate genetic and shared environmental influence.Conclusions:  The remarkably high heritability for CU, and for AB children with CU, suggests that molecular genetic research on antisocial behaviour should focus on the CU core of psychopathy. Our findings also raise questions for public policy on interventions for antisocial behaviour.
Zygoma implant‐supported midfacial prosthetic rehabilitation: a 4‐year follow‐up study including assessment of quality of life
Authors: Landes Constantin Alexander 
Published: May 2005

AbstractObjective: Successful prosthetic rehabilitation is crucial for quality of life in cases of large maxillary defects when surgical reconstruction is not advisable because of general health or patient refusal. For this purpose, the extended indications for Zygomaticus® fixtures in different defect types were evaluated.Patients and methods: Twelve patients received 28 zygoma implants and 23 dental implants (if a segment of alveolar process was available) and were followed‐up 14–53 months. Zygoma implants were positioned classically in the maxillary molar region and to reduce leverage, a premolar and a canine position was developed. The quality of life was assessed by a validated questionnaire after complete rehabilitation.Results: Cumulative zygoma implant survival was 82%. Three losses occurred because of persistent infection and gradual loosening. Lost implants were immediately replaced in adjacent bone. Insufficient implant length within soft tissue reconstructions was prone to chronic infection by pocketing and recurrent overgrowth of granulating tissue. Longer implants were free of soft tissue inhibition, yet prone to overloading and high leverage in cases when no anterior alveolar process and dental implants were present. Zygoma implant success was therefore 71%, including the new premolar and canine Zygomatikusfixture‐position. Periotest® values increased from 0 to +7 to the fourth year, peri‐implant bleeding and plaque index were decreasing from 56% to 0% and 33% to 0%, respectively, and good general quality of life with the priorities on chewing and activity was noted.Conclusion: Zygoma implants can reliably anchor the midfacial maxillary prostheses and enable a quality of life comparable with autologous maxillary reconstruction. They can be replaced immediately if local infection or loosening should occur. A premolar and canine position reduce leverage when no anterior alveolar process is present. The patient can alternatively be provided with dental implants.
The evaluation of processed cancellous bovine bone as a bone graft substitute
Authors: Worth Andrew , Mucalo Michael , Horne Geoffrey , Bruce Warrick , Burbidge Hilary 
Published: May 2005

AbstractObjective: To determine the ability of a novel bovine cancellous bone xenoimplant to act as an osteoconductive graft in an ovine femoral defect model. An autograft harvested from the xenoimplant site was placed in a contralateral limb defect for comparison.Material and methods: The xenoimplant used had been rendered immunologically inert by a novel defatting and deproteinating process. Following surgical implantation of cores into condylar cancellous bone defects, fluorochrome labels were administered to 12 sheep at 2 1/2, 4 1/2 and 8 weeks. Incorporation of the xenoimplants and autografts into the host bone was compared radiographically and histomorphometrically at 10 weeks.Results: Radiographically, the degree of osteointegration was comparable. Histomorphometric data, consisting of labelled surface (LS) estimates, confirmed osteoconductive properties of both the xenoimplants and autografts. Remodelling activity was greatest in the xenoimplants at 2 1/2, weeks. At 4 1/2 weeks, there was more activity in the autograft, but by 8 weeks they were performing similarly. Xenoimplant‐LS estimates were comparable or greater than those of the autograft at all times.Conclusions: Processed bovine cancellous bone xenoimplants were osteoconductive in this model and show promise for development as a biomaterial in human and veterinary orthopaedic surgery.
Experimentally Verified Numerical Optimization of a Three-Dimensional
Parametrized Turbine Vane With Nonaxisymmetric End Walls
Authors: Nagel Marc G. , Baier Ralf-D. 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
A three-dimensional optimization procedure on the basis of a transitional Navier-Stokes code has been developed and tested. It allows complete three-dimensional parameterization of the flow channel for improved engine component design. Both the aerofoils and the end walls are three-dimensionally parameterized to permit full design control over the wetted surface. The end wall curvature is in fact controlled by the superposition of an axisymmetric and a nonaxisymmetric parameterization. The target comprises profile and secondary losses. The optimization procedure was applied to a low-loss turbine vane and resulted in an aerodynamic design with considerably reduced losses. Vanes and end walls were then manufactured according to this optimization. The high-speed cascade wind tunnel measurements performed on these parts confirm the computational results.
An Implicit Fluctuation Splitting Scheme for Turbomachinery Flows
Authors: Bonfiglioli A. , De Palma P. , Pascazio G. , Napolitano M. 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
This paper describes an accurate, robust and efficient methodology for solving two-dimensional steady transonic turbomachinery flows. The Euler fluxes are discretized in space using a hybrid multidimensional upwind method, which, according to the local flow conditions, uses the most suitable fluctuation splitting (FS) scheme at each cell of the computational domain. The viscous terms are discretized using a standard Galerkin finite element scheme. The eddy viscosity is evaluated by means of the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence transport equation, which is discretized in space by means of a mixed FS-Galerkin approach. The equations are discretized in time using an implicit Euler scheme, the Jacobian being evaluated by two-point backward differences. The resulting large sparse linear systems are solved sequentially using a preconditioned GMRES strategy. The proposed methodology is employed to compute subsonic and transonic turbulent flows inside a high-turning turbine-rotor cascade.
Thermoacoustic Modeling of a Gas Turbine Combustor Equipped With
Acoustic Dampers
Authors: Bellucci Valter , Schuermans Bruno , Nowak Dariusz , Flohr Peter , Paschereit Christian Oliver 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
In this work, the TA3 thermoacoustic network is presented and used to simulate acoustic pulsations occurring in a heavy-duty ALSTOM gas turbine. In our approach, the combustion system is represented as a network of acoustic elements corresponding to hood, burners, flames and combustor. The multi-burner arrangement is modeled by describing the hood and combustor as Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) acoustic elements. The MIMO transfer function (linking acoustic pressures and acoustic velocities at burner locations) is obtained by a three-dimensional modal analysis performed with a Finite Element Method. Burner and flame analytical models are fitted to transfer function measurements. In particular, the flame transfer function model is based on the time-lag concept, where the phase shift between heat release and acoustic pressure depends on the time necessary for the mixture fraction (formed at the injector location) to be convected to the flame. By using a state-space approach, the time domain solution of the acoustic field is obtained. The nonlinearity limiting the pulsation amplitude growth is provided by a fuel saturation term. Furthermore, Helmholtz dampers applied to the gas turbine combustor are acoustically modeled and included in the TA3 model. Finally, the predicted noise reduction is compared to that achieved in the engine.
Three-Dimensional Separations in Axial Compressors
Authors: Gbadebo Semiu A. , Cumpsty Nicholas A. , Hynes Tom P. 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Flow separations in the corner regions of blade passages are common. The separations are three dimensional and have quite different properties from the two-dimensional separations that are considered in elementary courses of fluid mechanics. In particular, the consequences for the flow may be less severe than the two-dimensional separation. This paper describes the nature of three-dimensional (3D) separation and addresses the way in which topological rules, based on a linear treatment of the Navier-Stokes equations, can predict properties of the limiting streamlines, including the singularities which form. The paper shows measurements of the flow field in a linear cascade of compressor blades and compares these to the results of 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD). For corners without tip clearance, the presence of three-dimensional separation appears to be universal, and the challenge for the designer is to limit the loss and blockage produced. The CFD appears capable of predicting this.
Large Eddy Simulation of Flow and Heat Transfer in a Channel Roughened by Square or Semicircle Ribs
Authors: Ahn Joon , Choi Haecheon , Lee Joon Sik 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe internal cooling passage of a gas turbine blade has been modeled as a ribbed channel. In the present study, we consider two different rib geometries, i.e., square and semicircle ribs, in order to investigate their thermal and aerodynamic performance. Large eddy simulations (LESs) of turbulent flow in a ribbed channel with a dynamic subgrid-scale model are performed. In our simulation, the no-slip and no-jump conditions on the rib surface are satisfied in the Cartesian coordinates using an immersed boundary method. In order to validate the simulation results, an experimental study is also conducted, where the velocity and temperature fields are measured using a hot wire and a thermocouple, respectively, and the surface heat transfer is measured using the thermochromic liquid crystal. LES predicts the detailed flow and thermal features, such as the turbulence intensity around the ribs and the local heat transfer distribution between the ribs, which have not been captured by simulations using turbulence models. By investigating the instantaneous flow and thermal fields, we propose the mechanisms responsible for the local heat transfer distribution between the ribs, i.e., the entrainment of the cold fluid by vortical motions and the impingement of the entrained cold fluid on the ribs. We also discuss the local variation of the heat transfer with respect to the rib geometry in connection with flow separation and turbulent kinetic energy. The total drag and heat transfer are calculated and compared between the square and semicircle ribs, showing that two ribs produce nearly the same heat transfer, but the semicircle one yields lower drag than the square one.
Modeling Transition in Separated and Attached Boundary
Layers
Authors: Roberts Stephen K. , Yaras Metin I. 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
This paper presents a mathematical model for predicting the rate of turbulent spot production. In this model, attached- and separated-flow transition are treated in a unified manner, and the boundary layer shape factor is identified as the parameter with which the spot production rate correlates. The model is supplemented by several correlations to allow for its practical use in the prediction of the length of the transition zone. Second, the paper presents a model for the prediction of the location of transition inception in separation bubbles. The model improves on the accuracy of existing alternatives, and is the first to account for the effects of surface roughness.