bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation of goat milk small extracellular vesicles by novel combined bio-physical methodology
Authors: González María Isabel , Gallardo Begoña , Cerón Carlos , Aguilera-Jiménez Elena , Cortes-Canteli Marta , Peinado Héctor , Desco Manuel , Salinas Beatriz 
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Goat milk is notable as a cost-effective source of exosomes, also known as small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). These nanoparticle-like structures are naturally secreted by cells and have emerged as potential diagnostic agents and drug delivery systems, also supported by their proven therapeutic effects. However, the complexity of goat milk and the lack of standardized protocols make it difficult to isolate pure sEVs. This work presents an optimized approach that combines well-established physical isolation methods with the biological treatment of milk with rennet.Methods: sEVs derived from goat milk were purified using a methodology that combines differential ultracentrifugation, rennet, and size-exclusion chromatography. This novel strategy was compared with two of the main methodologies developed for isolating extracellular vesicles from bovine and human milk by means of physico-chemical characterization of collected vesicles using Transmission Electron Microscopy, Western blot, Bradford Coomassie assay, Dynamic Light Scattering, Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis and Zeta Potential.Results: Vesicles isolated with the optimized protocol had sEV-like characteristics and high homogeneity, while samples obtained with the previous methods were highly aggregated, with significant residual protein content.Discussion: This work provides a novel biophysical methodology for isolating highly enriched goat milk sEVs samples with high stability and homogeneity, for their further evaluation in biomedical applications as diagnostic tools or drug delivery systems.
A cyclic peptide-based PROTAC induces intracellular degradation of palmitoyltransferase and potently decreases PD-L1 expression in human cervical cancer cells
Authors: Shi Yu-Ying , Dong Di-Rong , Fan Gang , Dai Meng-Yuan , Liu Miao 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionOur previous research has found that degradation of palmitoyltransferase in tumor cells using a linear peptide PROTAC leads to a significant decrease in PD-L1 expression in tumors. However, this degradation is not a sustained and efficient process. Therefore, we designed a cyclic peptide PROTAC to achieve this efficient anti-PD-L1 effect.MethodsWe designed and synthesized an improvement in linear peptide PROTAC targeting palmitoyltransferase DHHC3, and used disulfide bonds to stabilize the continuous N- and C-termini of the peptides to maintain their structure. Cellular and molecular biology techniques were used to test the effect of this cyclic peptide on PD-L1.ResultsIn human cervical cancer cells, our cyclic peptide PROTAC can significantly downregulate palmitoyl transferase DHHC3 and PD-L1 expressions. This targeted degradation effect is enhanced with increasing doses and treatment duration, with a DC50 value much lower than that of linear peptides. Additionally, flow cytometry analysis of fluorescence intensity shows an increase in the amount of cyclic peptide entering the cell membrane with prolonged treatment time and higher concentrations. The Cellular Thermal Shift Assay (CETSA) method used in this study indicates effective binding between our novel cyclic peptide and DHHC3 protein, leading to a change in the thermal stability of the latter. The degradation of PD-L1 can be effectively blocked by the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Results from clone formation experiments illustrate that our cyclic peptide can enhance the proliferative inhibition effect of cisplatin on the C33A cell line. Furthermore, in the T cell-C33A co-culture system, cyclic peptides target the degradation of PD-L1, thereby blocking the interaction between PD-L1 and PD-1, and promoting the secretion of IFN-γ and TNF-α in the co-culture system supernatant.ConclusionOur results demonstrate that a disulfide-bridged cyclic peptide PROTAC targeting palmitoyltransferase can provide a stable and improved anti-PD-L1 activity in human tumor cells.
Development and characterization of a prototypic pan-amyloid clearing agent – a novel murine peptide-immunoglobulin fusion
Authors: Foster James S. , Balachandran Manasi , Hancock Trevor J. , Martin Emily B. , Macy Sallie , Wooliver Craig , Richey Tina , Stuckey Alan , Williams Angela D. , Jackson Joseph W. , Kennel Stephen J. , Wall Jonathan S. 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionSystemic amyloidosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the extracellular deposition of amyloid fibrils and accessory proteins in visceral organs and tissues. Amyloid accumulation causes organ dysfunction and is not generally cleared by the immune system. Current treatment focuses on reducing amyloid precursor protein synthesis and slowing amyloid deposition. However, curative interventions will likely also require removal of preexisting amyloid deposits to restore organ function. Here we describe a prototypic pan-amyloid binding peptide-antibody fusion molecule (mIgp5) that enhances macrophage uptake of amyloid.MethodsThe murine IgG1-IgG2a hybrid immunoglobulin with a pan amyloid-reactive peptide, p5, fused genetically to the N-terminal of the immunoglobulin light chain was synthesized in HEK293T/17 cells. The binding of the p5 peptide moiety was assayed using synthetic amyloid-like fibrils, human amyloid extracts and amyloid-laden tissues as substrates. Binding of radioiodinated mIgp5 with amyloid deposits in vivo was evaluated in a murine model of AA amyloidosis using small animal imaging and microautoradiography. The bioactivity of mIgp5 was assessed in complement fixation and in vitro phagocytosis assays in the presence of patient-derived amyloid extracts and synthetic amyloid fibrils as substrates and in the presence or absence of human serum.ResultsMurine Igp5 exhibited highly potent binding to AL and ATTR amyloid extracts and diverse types of amyloid in formalin-fixed tissue sections. In the murine model of systemic AA amyloidosis, 125I-mIgp5 bound rapidly and specifically to amyloid deposits in all organs, including the heart, with no evidence of non-specific uptake in healthy tissues. The bioactivity of the immunoglobulin Fc domain was uncompromised in the context of mIgp5 and served as an effective opsonin. Macrophage-mediated uptake of amyloid extract and purified amyloid fibrils was enhanced by the addition of mIgp5. This effect was exaggerated in the presence of human serum coincident with deposition of complement C5b9.ConclusionImmunostimulatory, amyloid-clearing therapeutics can be developed by incorporating pan-amyloid-reactive peptides, such as p5, as a targeting moiety. The immunologic functionality of the IgG remains intact in the context of the fusion protein. These data highlight the potential use of peptide-antibody fusions as therapeutics for all types of systemic amyloidosis.
The effects of N-acetylcysteine supplement on metabolic parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Jiajun , Su Haodong , Jin Xueshan , Wang Lan , Huang Jieming 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivesPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disease, often accompanied by metabolic disorders. Metformin, as an insulin sensitizer, is widely used to improve the metabolic function of PCOS, but may have gastrointestinal side effects. Emerging evidence suggests that N-acetylcysteine (NAC) improves metabolic parameters in PCOS and may be a potential alternative to metformin.MethodsWe searched four online databases, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, from inception to April 1, 2023. The I2 statistic and Cochrane’s Q test were employed to determine heterogeneity between studies, with an I2 value &gt;50% or p &lt; 0.1 considered significant. The data were expressed as standardized mean differences and corresponding 95% confidence intervals.ResultsA total of 11 randomized controlled trials were included in the final analysis, including 869 women with PCOS. The results showed that NAC caused more changes in body mass index (SMD: −0.16, 95% CI: −0.40 to 0.08), body weight (SMD: −0.25, 95% CI: −0.50 to 0.00), fasting insulin (SMD: −0.24, 95% CI: −0.53 to 0.06), ratio of fasting blood glucose to fasting insulin (SMD: 0.38, 95% CI: −0.33 to 1.08), total cholesterol (SMD: −0.11, 95% CI: −0.39 to 0.17), triglycerides (SMD: −0.18, 95% CI: −0.63 to 0.28), and low-density lipoprotein (SMD: −0.09, 95% CI: −0.51 to 0.33) compared with metformin. Compared with metformin or placebo, NAC significantly reduced fasting blood-glucose levels (SMD: −0.23, 95% CI: −0.43 to −0.04; SMD: −0.54, 95% CI: −1.03 to −0.05, respectively). In addition, NAC significantly reduced total cholesterol (SMD: −0.74, 95% CI: −1.37 to −0.12), and this effect was observed when NAC was compared with placebo. However, NAC reduced HDL levels in women with PCOS compared with metformin (SMD: −0.14, 95% CI: −0.42 to 0.14).ConclusionThis study suggests that NAC is effective in improving metabolic parameters in PCOS and may be a promising nutritional supplement for the treatment of PCOS.Systematic review registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=415172, identifier CRD42022339171.
Factors associated with adaptation level in the older adult residential care facilities: a path analysis
Authors: Zhao Di , Niu Meilan , Zhang Shanfeng , Shi Yan , Zhou Lin , Song Yuxia , Ma Rui , Wang Peng 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundIt has become very common for older adults to relocate to residential care facilities. Yet whether older adults adapt to life in a long-term care residential facility through perception, reflection, and conscious behavioral choices is a challenging social issue. Previous research has shown that adaptation is influenced by physical, mental, psychological, social systems, and other debris factors. However, existing knowledge is often based on unidirectional relationships between these factors and adaptation. Few studies have formally examined bivariate relationships between these factors, and the influence of adaptation between these factors internally remains unclear. Therefore, there is a need to examine the structural causality of adaptation in residential care facilities influenced by a combination of physical, emotional, social and psychological factors, life satisfaction, and social support.MethodsThe present cross-sectional study recruited older adults from three residential care facilities in Henan province, China, through convenience sampling. The Chinese Nursing Home Adjustment Scale (NHAS), Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15) and Social Support Scale (SSRS), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and Barthel Index were employed to measure the older adult’ adjustment level, depression level, social support, satisfaction with life, and self-care ability of theBMC, respectively. The relationships between depression, social support, self-care, satisfaction with life, and adaptation were analyzed and a structural equation model was developed.ResultsA total of 210 participants completed the questionnaire. The model demonstrated an acceptable fit of the data. The results showed that the difference between life satisfaction and depression on the level of adaptation was 60 and 23%, respectively. Social support and life satisfaction had a positive direct effect on the level of adaptation, both showing a positive correlation with the level of adaptation. Depression, on the other hand, have a direct effect on the level of adaptation and showed a negative correlation with the level of adaptation. Self-care ability indirectly influenced adaptation mediated by social support.ConclusionSocial support has a positive impact on both life satisfaction and depression, which in turn promotes adaptation. As a major source of social support, family members and nursing home staff in residential care facilities can enhance social support for older people through improved interaction, which can have a meaningful and positive impact on levels of adjustment. The model demonstrates the strengthening and weakening of social support, self-care, life satisfaction, and depression levels, which can help inform the development of relevant care health strategies for older people to promote levels of adjustment and improve quality of life.
Out-of-hospital rescue medication in dogs with emergency seizure disorders: an owner perspective
Authors: Kähn Charlotte , Bhatti Sofie F. M. , Meller Sebastian , Meyerhoff Nina , Volk Holger A. , Charalambous Marios 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundEmergency seizure disorders such as status epilepticus and cluster seizures are unlikely to cease spontaneously while prolonged seizure activity become progressively more resistant to treatment. Early administration of rescue medication in canine epileptic patients, in particular benzodiazepines, at seizure onset by the owners can be life-saving and brain protecting. Clinical studies in dogs evaluating the use of rescue medication in hospital environment exist, however, the owner perspective has not been assessed to date.Hypothesis or objectivesTo evaluate the use of rescue medication in dogs with seizure emergencies by the owner at home.MethodObservational study based on online surveys of owners of dogs with emergency seizure disorders.ResultsThe questionnaire was answered by 1,563 dog owners, of which 761 provided complete and accurate answers suitable for analysis. Of these, 71% administered diazepam, 19% midazolam, 6% levetiracetam, 3% lorazepam, and 4% more than one rescue or other medication. Overall, the success rates based on owners’ perspective for intranasal midazolam and rectal diazepam were 97 and 63%, respectively. Owners reported a compliance level of 95 and 66% for intranasal midazolam and rectal diazepam administration, respectively.Conclusions and clinical importanceEven though rectal diazepam was the most used rescue medication in this survey population, intranasal midazolam was perceived by the owners as a better option regarding effectiveness, time to seizure cessation and owner compliance.
The Level of Job Satisfaction among Faculty Members at King Faisal University in Saudi Arabia from their View point
Authors: Al-Ajmi Hadi bin Rashid bin Hathleen 
Published: October 2023

Objectives: The study aims at identifying the level of job satisfaction among faculty members at King Faisal University in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and to reveal differences in the responses of faculty members about their level of job satisfaction according to study variables: gender, nationality, college, academic rank, and experience.
Methods: The theoretical descriptive approach was adopted by building a questionnaire consisting of (36) items, divided into five areas: job, social relations at work, salaries and incentive, direct administration, professional development, and promotions. The study tool was applied to (252) faculty members from various scientific and humanitarian colleges.
Results: The findings showed that the level of job satisfaction among faculty members at King Faisal University was high. The field of social relations at work came at a very high level, while the field of salaries and incentives came at a moderate level. It was also found that there were no statistically significant differences (α = 0.05) attributed to the variables: college, academic rank, nationality, and the number of years of experience. While the differences were due to the gender variable and in favor of males.
Conclusions: Based on the study's findings, the researcher suggests that King Faisal University officials enhance faculty salaries to align with global changes, ensuring a comfortable lifestyle. Additionally, developing a merit-based reward system for exceptional teaching, research, and community engagement is recommended.
Complete False Cognates in Arabic and Turkish Languages
Authors: Alhasan Muhammed Muvaffak 
Published: October 2023

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the phenomena of complete false cognates in the Arabic and Turkish languages, words that appear identical but hold distinct meanings across the two languages.
Methods: In this study, the descriptive approach was adopted as a methodological framework, while the contrastive analysis was adopted as an analytical process.
Results: The study found that a good part of Arabic loanwords in Turkish is used with a different meaning from their original one, which makes them false cognates between Arabic and Turkish. The study concluded that manufactures such as phonetic, morphological, and semantic changes played role in making these false cognates.
Conclusions: The study recommends taking false cognates into consideration when composing bilingual Arabic-Turkish dictionaries by emphasizing the different meanings in both languages between these pairs of words. Also, it increases the inter linguistic studies of the Arabic and Turkish languages because of the big interest in learning Arabic by the Turks and Turkish by the Arabs in light of the growing relations between Turkey and the Arab world.
Evaluation limit of O2 permeability in barrier films by electrolytic oxygen pump
Authors: Kaneto Keiichi , Uto Sadahito 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Packaging foods, medicines, and electronic devices and shielding them with barrier films to protect them from oxidation and degradation are crucial technologies for their long-term preservation. In this paper, a new evaluation device and the evaluation limit of oxygen transmission rate (OTR) in barrier films were described. The device was based on an O2 pump, consisting of the cathode reaction of a fuel cell (absorbing O2) and the anode reaction of water electrolysis (generating O2). By shielding the cathode with barrier films, the reaction current was strictly determined by the permeated O2 through the barrier film. OTRs in typical polymer films such as silicon rubber, polyethylene, and polyester were evaluated to confirm the method was consistent with conventional methods. The detection limit for high barrier films was examined and found to be approximately 10 cc/m2/day/atm at the present stage. The strategies to improve the detection limit were discussed.
Fabrication of sodium-doped graphitic carbon nitride for photoelectrochemical water splitting into hydrogen
Authors: Kurita Yuhei , Aoki Mizuki , Ohtani Naoki 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We observed and analyzed the physical properties of samples that underwent hydrothermal polymerization in a sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution applied to graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4). The hydrogen production rate was evaluated to analyze photocatalytic performance. This research confirmed that the sodium-doping enhanced the photocatalytic capabilities of the g-C3N4. Further property evaluations were conducted. A correlation between the hydrogen production rates and photoluminescence (PL) analysis clearly demonstrates that when the PL intensity decreased, the hydrogen production rates inversely increased. Additionally, the results from X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy measurements indicated that the prepared samples were indeed g-C3N4. These findings demonstrate that the sodium-doping is an effective means of improving the photocatalytic performance of g-C3N4.
Complete conversion of KLM entanglement to GHZ entanglement with error-detected quantum devices
Authors: Du Fang-Fang , Ren Xue-Mei , Ma Ming , Fan Gang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Quantum entanglement plays a crucial role in quantum information technologies. In the paper, we propose two schemes to convert from two-photon Knill–Laflamme–Milburn (KLM) entangled states to Bell states and three-photon KLM state to Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger states based on error-detected quantum devices (EDQDs), which employ the interaction between a quantum-dot-cavity system and a photon. Moreover, the quantum circuits of EDQDs applied in the conversion processes make our schemes carry out faithfully, as the practical photon-scattering deviations are changed into heralded-failure detections. Analyses show that conversion cases have unity fidelities and high efficiencies, which encourage us to appreciate deeply fundamental properties of entanglement.
Competencias informacionales en la carrera de Ciencias de la Comunicación, Universidad San Gregorio de Portoviejo
Authors: Cedeño Espinoza Ricardo David , Rumbaut León Felipe , Quindemil Torrijo Eneida María , Pinargote Nevarez Zita Monserrate 
Published: October 2023

Se presenta una investigación cuyo objetivo fue diagnosticar las competencias informacionales de los estudiantes de la carrera de Ciencias de la Comunicación en la Universidad San Gregorio de Portoviejo. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, con enfoque cuantitativo, aplicándose el método de análisis documental en la revisión bibliográfica sobre el tema y la técnica de la encuesta, considerando el cuestionario validado ALFIN-HUMASS el que fue aplicado al total de estudiantes de la carrera. Los resultados denotan que, aunque los estudiantes reconocen la importancia de las competencias informacionales por lo general, se autoidentifican con bajos niveles de suficiencia; sobre todo en los elementos de tratamiento y evaluación de la información. Como conclusiones, se plantea que todas las categorías de competencias informacionales analizadas requieren de su atención para instrumentar acciones de alfabetización informacional desde la biblioteca universitaria y así conseguir elevados niveles de autoeficacia en el uso de la información.
On a conjecture for the algebraic transfer in generic families of internal degrees
Authors: Võ Phúc Đặng 
Published: October 2023

<p>The binary field will be symbolized as $\mathbb F_2$ in the customary manner, whilst the Steenrod algebra over this field shall be written as $\mathscr A.$ In this paper, we study Singer's conjecture [Math. Z. \textbf{202} (1989), 493-523] for the algebraic transfers of ranks 5 and 6 in the generic families of internal degrees. The Singer algebraic transfer stands as a valuable instrument for unraveling the intricate structure of the cohomology ${\rm Ext}_{\mathscr A}^{s,k} := {\rm Ext}_{\mathscr A}^{s}(\mathbb F_2, \Sigma^{k}\mathbb F_2)$ of $\mathscr A.$ Remarkably, we have shown that the indecomposable element $y\in {\rm Ext}_{\mathscr A}^{6,44}$ is not in the image of the sixth algebraic transfer. </p>
التمني دراسة نحوية تداولية اسلوبية
Authors: كاظم حسن 
Published: October 2023

المعنى اللغوي قريب من المعنى الاصطلإحي للتَمني وهو تًمني حصول الشيء سوءاً كان ممكنا أم بعيد المنال وهو طلب أمر محبوب لا يرجى حصوله و ( ليت ) من أهم أدوات التمني . وإختلف علماء العربية من النحويين والبلاغيين والمفسرين في حقيقة التمني من أعمال القلب أم من أقوال اللسان ؟ واختلفوا كذلك في إسلوب التمني إنشاء هو أم خبر يفيد معنى الجحود؟
الوسط الإجرائي للخصومة دراسة تأصيلية تحليلية في قانون المرافعات المدنية
Authors: الدراجي علي 
Published: October 2023

تتكون الخصومة المدنية من مجموعة من الإجراءات القضائية , التي تهدف إلى حسم النزاع وإنزال حكم القانون عليه , وهي أيضا مركز قانوني إجرائي , وتُعد الوسط الإجرائي لمشروع الحكم , ولكي نكون أمام حكماً قضائياً صحيحاً , لا يكون عرضة للطعن , فلابد أن تكون الخصومة سليمة خالية من العيوب .
وتمثل الخصومة مجموعة من الإجراءات , التي تشكل الشق العملي أو التنفيذي لممارسة حق الحصول على الحماية القضائية , للحق المعتدى عليه على أرض الواقع , والخصومة مركبة من حيث تكوينها , لأنها عبارة عن مجموعة من الأعمال القانونية , التي تتخذ أمام القضاء والإجراء الأول منها هو المطالبة القضائية , ثم تتابع إجراءاتها الواحدة بعد الأخرى , حتى تصل إلى نهايتها الطبيعية , بأصدر الحكم .