bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Famell’s Cults: The Making and Breaking of Pausanias in Victorian Archaeology and Anthropology
Authors: Henderson John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The twentieth century ended like its predecessor with a crescendo of attention paid to Pausanias. The nineteenth-century surge was intimately bound up with thoroughgoing revision of classical studies. The challenge then was to accommodate the astonishing profusion of archaeological finds and to evolve methodologies that would think Hellenism into a viable bond between established philological scholarship and a new cultural history securely founded on material remains. Specifically. three scholarly projects-Jane Harrison and M. de G. Verrall’s guide to Attica, Mythology and Monuments of Ancient Athens (1890, nicknamed the “Blue Jane”), J. G. Frazer’s vast commentary on the Description of Greece (1898), and L. R. Famell’s eventually no less vast synthesis of Cults of the Greek States (1896--1909)-represent scholarly initiatives that grew from broadly similar exposure to the same midVictorian of waves of intellectual energy and institutional refom. In the wake of Empire. comparativist theorizing was responding to seemingly boundless and seething vistas of human behavior planet-wide by casting Science (“scientific naturalism”) as heroic conqueror of the wm1Iy riot of chaotic phenomena.
A Shouting
Authors: Zane Wallace W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Imagine, If You Will, that the sky is dark like deep sea velvet, that the hill is steep like a water slide, that the legion crickets’ chirp chirp is testing your ability to think your own thoughts, that the inky shadows in shrubs and trees are hiding men and monsters to challenge your way. If you were a Vincentian, this could be any night of any day of any year. This is a Vincentian night. On sundry evenings, you might also hear, as the clock ticks over to nine o’clock, in any part of the island, a ringing of bells and a singing vibrating from the hills that defeat all other sounds. You would know from friends and neighbors and by the vanloads of arriving visitors in Converted uniform that it is a shouting. If you live nearby, within a quarter mile or so, you might as well go watch.
Spiritual Workers
Authors: Zane Wallace W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Work Of The Converted Is frequently an attractive performative spectacle. If prophets, shamans, and priests are “impresarios of the gods” (LaBarre 1972:161), few are doing a better job than the Spiritual Baptists. Almost any Converted ritual will draw spectators, but one rarely sees interested loungers fighting for a good window position at Anglican, Catholic, or even Pentecostal events. The visually, kinetically, aurally rich religion of the Converted is attractive in ways that no other religions in St. Vincent are. While it may be a performance, it is nonetheless work. To be a Converted person in St. Vincent is to be a spiritual worker.
Mourning
Authors: Zane Wallace W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Bands so Tight They Cut Your Ears. Skin hot in a small hot room. Skin arms legs hands itching. Days-old sweat. Floor so hard it bruises your knee. Three days and nights on your right side lying. Seven days praying on your knees on the concrete floor. Seven days sleeping on concrete and the same dirty sheet that was clean when you came in. Ten days begging God. Eleven. Twelve. Twelve days unwashed bodily stench. Twelve days of inaction. Twelve days con¬ fined. Twelve days blindfolded. Every bodily need tended by others, accompanied by others. Twelve days speaking in a whisper. Twelve days of discomfort. Twelve days of sacrality.
Feminist Reconstructions of Christian Doctrine
Authors: Greene-Mccreight Kathryn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What is the relationship between feminist theology and classical Christian theology? Is feminist theology 'Christian', and if so, in what respect and to what extent? This study seeks to analyse and evaluate the relation of feminist 'reconstructions' to traditional Christian teaching. Greene-McCreight uses the extent to which the biblical depiction of God is allowed to guide theological hermeneutics as a test of orthodoxy. She looks at the writings of a wide range of contemporary feminist theologians, discusses their doctrinal patterns, and demonstrates how the Bible is used in their theological reconstructions.
Introduction
Authors: Greene-Mccreight Kathryn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What is the relationship between feminist theology and classical Christian the ology7’ Is feminist theology “Christian” and, if so, in what respect and to what extent7 These questions may be approached in many ways. One could ask feminist theologians if they are Christians. Many would answer positively. For a Roman Catholic version of the answer, one might inquire of the magisterium, or one could ask feminist theologians if they honor the church’s tradition as a source and norm in theology. Again, many feminist theologians would answer positively. For a Protestant take on the answer, one could ask feminist theologians if they affirm the authority of the Bible for theology. Likewise here, many feminist theologians would answer affirmatively. However, the answers to these questions will not be helpful in getting us any closer to a satisfying answer to the first question with which we started: what is the relationship between feminist theology and classical Christian theology7 After all, some feminist theologians admit that they are no longer, or maybe never were, Christian, and others answer that they are indeed practicing and faithful Christians. The mag isterium’s hypothetical answer to the question might be extrapolated from the recent study by Francis Martin, The Feminist Question ( I 994), which concludes that feminist theologians pose questions that are not, properly speaking, theological. Most Christian feminists would answer the question regarding the authority of the Bible in the affirmative: yes, the Bible is an important authority in their feminist theology. None of these answers, however, would give an adequately detailed description of the relationship of feminist theology to classical Christian theology.
Narrative Interpretation and the Bible
Authors: Greene-Mccreight Kathryn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
over the past twenty years, a wealth of titles have explored the possibilities in using the concept of narrative as a theological tool.’ The approach represented in this corpus is usually referred to, not surprisingly, as “narrative theology,” and it has yielded inquiry in biblical studies, philosophy, homiletics, and many of the other theological fields.2 Of the many different ways of using the concept of narrative for theological inquiry, one type has crystallized around the work of Hans Frei and what has come to be known as the “Yale School.”3 While it will not be the goal here to document the theories of the Yale School or to commend the categories of “narrative theology” in general, it will be useful to draw on those insights which can be particularly helpful in analyzing feminist theologies’ use of or relation to the biblical depiction of God.
Feminist Hermeneutics, The Bible, and Patriarchy Governing Doctrines
Authors: Greene-Mccreight Kathryn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the previous chapter, we outlined the insights of narrative interpretation and theology. Since Christian and Lindbeck point out that governing doctrines are usually more important than primary doctrines, especially during times of conflict, we should look for the governing doctrines of feminist theologies. We therefore must look to the hermeneutical principles and rules which guide feminist biblical interpretation and theological reflection. This will require, first, looking into the intellectual families of origin from which feminist theology emerges. After this, we can examine the explicit and implicit commitments and principles of interpretation embraced by feminist theologians as they appear in second-order discussion about biblical interpretation. Then we can examine the implicit commitments as they are born out in the practice of biblical interpretation itself.
Feminist Trinitarian Reconstructions
Authors: Greene-Mccreight Kathryn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the previous chapter, we saw how some feminist reconstructions of Christology made use of historical-critical tools and, in particular, historical research into feminine representations of the divine. In this chapter, we will consider the extension of this reconstructive work into the doctrine of the Trinity and its application in the church’s liturgy and sacramental life. At this point, feminist theology takes on the practical task of reshaping not only the church’s theology but also its worship.
Feyerabend, Mill, and Pluralism
Authors: Lloyd Elisabeth A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Paul Feyerabend had a reputation, among many, for being antiscientific, irrationalist, antimethodological, antireason, a relativist about evidence, and an epistemological anarchist. More generally, he frequently anchors the ‘extreme relativist’ end of many a comparison in philosophy of science. The slogan ‘Anything Goes’, though, has certainly captured the philosophical imagination; as I have emphasized before (Lloyd 1996), this slogan is frequently misinterpreted as being Feyerabend’s methodological recommendation for conducting scientific research. Not so.
Star Wars and the Roman Empire
Authors: Winkler Martin M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A wide variety of sources influenced George Lucas in his Star Wars trilogy, which was released from 1977 to 1983, rereleased in a “Special Edition” in 1997, and followed in 1999 by Star Wars: Episode I—The Phantom Menace. Among Lucas’s literary sources are archetypal hero myths as described by C. G. Jung, popularized by Joseph Campbell, and exemplified in the stories and novels of J. R.R. Tolkien, American pulp fiction, and comic strips; among his cinematic sources are science-fiction and war films, medieval epics, westerns, and film noir. Also markedly evident is the influence of individual films, such as Fritz Lang’s Metropolis (1926), Leni Riefenstahl’s Triumph of the Will (1935), Victor Fleming’s The Wizard of Oz (1939), John Ford’s The Searchers (1956), and Akira Kurosawa’s The Hidden Fortress (1958). There is, however, one other aspect of popular culture, generally overlooked, that plays a major part in Lucas’s imagination of the future.
The Organism and the Causal Texture of the Environment [1935]
Authors: Hammond Kenneth R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Edward C. Tolman, then perhaps the outstanding academic psychologist in the United States, and chairman of the psychology department at the University of California at Berkeley, spent part of his 1933-1934 sabbatical in Vienna. There he met Egon Brunswik, an assistant in Karl Buhler’s laboratory, and discovered they were kindred souls. They found that “our previous separate investigations had led us quite independently of one another to a common point of view as to the general nature of psychology.” That discovery led Tolman to invite Brunswik to spend the next year (1935-1936) in Berkeley.
Representative Design and Probabilistic Theory in a Functional Psychology [1955] In Defense of Probabilistic Functionalism: A Reply [1955]
Authors: Hammond Kenneth R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In July 1955, a strange event at the University of California at Berkeley marked the further development of the Brunswik story. A panel of scholars was assembled to criticize the work of one of their contemporaries, and a large audience assembled to hear them do it. At this conference of the Unity of Science Institute, Brunswik would put forward a summary of his views, a panel of his peers (the psychologists Ernest Hilgard, David Krech, and Leon Postman and the philosopher Herbert Feigl) would criticize them, and then he would offer a rebuttal. That was not the only event at this meeting, but it was a major event among this group of philosophers of science.
Probability as a Determiner of Rat Behavior [1939]
Authors: Brunswik Egon , Doherty Michael E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This is a commentary on Brunswik’s 1939 paper “Probability as a Determiner of Rat Behavior.” What a delicious paradox in that title! Probability as a Determiner! Did a sly smile cross Brunswik’s countenance when, as he cast about for a title, he first juxtaposed the words probability and deter miner? The goal of this commentary is to place that paper in the context of the times when it was written, to situate it in the wider context of Brunswik’s comprehensive theory and method, and to reach outside his work to assess its place in the larger context of the study of behavior.
“Ratiomorphic” Models of Perception and Thinking [1955]
Authors: Goldstein William M , Wright John H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The items reprinted in this volume by Brunswik (1955b), Leeper (1955) and Murphy (1955), are abstracts of papers presented at a symposium on “The Relation of the Person to His Environment/’ held in Montreal at the 1954 meetings of the International Congress of Psychology.1 In his contribution, Brunswik reported some of his theoretical and empirical work on central psychological responses and processes, emphasizing (1) that flexible and rule-like strategies of integrating information could be distinguished by the distributions of judgments; (2) that “perception” and “thinking” might be found to correspond with these two strategies of integration; and (3) that “perception” and “thinking” could both be conceived of as special cases of a larger category of processes he described as “ratiomorphic.” We will discuss this work in four sections. First, we will consider how Brunswik’s research on central processes might appear to conflict with his general disapproval of an “encapsulated” psychology that focuses exclusively on internal processes. We will show that despite some appearances to the contrary, Brunswik’s mature framework was not hostile to studies of internal process if they were conducted “properly.” Second, we will explicate Brunswik’s conceptual distinction between the processing strategies, the logic behind his empirical method for distinguishing between them, and his reason for proposing an overarching category of ratiomorphic processes. Third, we will briefly review Brunswik’s empirical and theoretical work on the strategies underlying, and the interactions between, “perception” and “thinking.” Fourth, we will relate Brunswik’s work to research that he influenced directly as a progenitor and that he anticipated as a precursor.
Application of the Lens Model to the Evaluation of Professional Performance
Authors: Hogge James H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The evaluation of professional performance, whether formal or informal, quantitative or qualitative, requires the formation of global judgments of overall performance based upon several indicators (i.e., aspects of performance). For example, reviews of the performance of university faculty by administrators responsible for determining annual salary increases traditionally are based on information about scholarly productivity, quality of teaching, and service in other ways both inside and outside the university. In addition, similar criteria are typically considered by university pro motion and tenure committees. Although both evaluators and evaluees recognize that the evalualion of professional performance is a value-laden process, explication of those values is usually haphazard at best and inadequate for effective communication among participants. What is needed is an analytic framework within which the evaluation process can be represented and the role and nature of values can be clarified.
Understanding the Effects of Psychiatric Drugs on Social Judgment
Authors: Gillis John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Editors’ Note: Although this article was originally published in 1980, we reprint it here with minor editorial revisions because it demonstrates the broad scope and practical application of Brunswikian theory and method.1 The research reaches far beyond the conventional experimental-control method that is focused on determining the effect of a variable to analyze important psychological functions in terms of the idio graphic-statistical method that focuses on individual behavior. Even the topics being studied-interpersonal learning and interpersonal conflict among psychotic individuals-had never before been investigated, nor have they since, in spite of the fact that Gillis showed how valuable the lens model and its expansion are for this purpose. One might say that just as the experimental psychologists ignored the significance of Brunswik’s ideas for their field, so the clinical psychologists have ignored his ideas-the practicality and productivity of which are here demonstrated by Gillis-for their field. This chapter concerns the application of Brunswik’s theory and method to the evaluation of the effects of psychoactive drugs on cognition, particularly social judgment. Although psychiatric drug effects were not among the research issues to which Brunswik gave attention (indeed, he might have been surprised had the relevance of his ideas to this problem been sug gested to him), his ideas structured this entire research enterprise, and much of what was learned about these drugs could not have been easily discovered without them.
An Application of the Lens Model to Guidance and Counseling of Adolescents
Authors: Sastre Marfa Teresa Munoz , Duponchelle Ludovic 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The application of Brunswikian theory is aimed at helping teenagers become aware of (1) the relationships between their job aspirations and expectations, and certain classic determinants of job aspirations and expectations such as prestige, income, and job opportunities; (2) the internal structure of their system of occupational representations; (3) the strong and weak points in their system of information about jobs; and (4) possible conflicts in values or discordance between aspirations and expectations. It can also be used to foster dialogue and greater understanding be tween parents and students (or classmates) with respect to career guidance.
The Genre of the Letter to the Romans
Authors: Bryan Christopher 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
With that quotation I began my book A Preface to Mark, and with it, or, at least, with the question that it implies, I would begin any serious study of any piece of literature—particularly the literature of another age and culture. Lewis was posing the question of what critics of the written word like to refer to as “genre.” Why is genre important? Briefly, because it is a tool of meaning. When we look at posters outside a cinema and see one of them advertising “romantic comedy” while another offers “a tense thriller,” we expect the movies in question to be somewhat different from each other, and we are generally right. If we know the genre of a work of art, we have an important clue as to what it is supposed to be about, and the manner in which we are expected to receive it. Of course it is true (as critics and commentators unwilling to pursue seriously the question of genre never tire of saying) that the church kept and treasured Romans because of its distinctive qualities, rather than its conformity to any particular rhetorical or literary canon.
The Commerce of Images and Adventist Piety
Authors: Morgan David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
From its inception during the Millerite period to its reinstitution among Adventists after the failure of the Second Coming of Christ to occur as Miller had predicted, the prophetic chart became a proudly displayed mark of difference. This is not surprising when we remember that Millerism developed an oppositional consciousness as it was attacked by Protestant orthodoxy. Charles Fitch, who had designed the most popular chart in 1842, undertook in the summer of 1843 his “Out of Babylon” crusade, which drove a wedge between the Protestant mainstream and the Adventist movement (much to Miller’s regret).1 By 1844 the chart served to distinguish insider from outsider, as the daughter of Millerite preacher Joseph Marsh recalled when she wrote in 1886, about the charts covering the walls of her childhood home, that “those realistic conceptions of the supernatural bewilder[ed] one uninitiated in their mysteries.”2 Adventist imagery and charts often appeared at the intersection of conflict. A major assault on Millerite doctrine by the Baptist pastorJohn Dowling, which was reprinted on the front page of a New York Tribune extra, included a reproduction of a chart, “Daniel’s Visions,” first published in the Midnight Cry (fig. 69).3 Opponents seized on the Millerite imagery as a means of public identification and ridicule of Millerite beliefs. One broadside lampooning Miller as the “high priest of Millerism” preaching at the East Kingston, New Hampshire, camp meeting in June and July of 1842 (where Fitch also presented the painted chart) included the tenhorned beast representing pagan Rome.
Lyric Enthymemes
Authors: Walker Jeffrey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As Bruno Gentili and others have noted, the ancient world’s conception of poetry entails a number of assumptions that generally have been foreign, even antithetical, to modem thought. These include a presumption that poetry is public discourse and that, as such, it is most distinctly or primarily something to be performed in social or civic spaces—such as community festivals, male or female “clubs” with their political and ritual functions, or banquets and symposia—and that, like oratory, poetry is therefore also deeply embedded in the psychology and the performance conditions of an oral, speaker-audience transaction that is best understood as a rhetorical encounter. Even private reading or reading in libraries, insofar as it was conventionally understood and practiced as reading aloud with appropriate intonation (or in other words, oral interpretation), was at base a practice of mimetically recreating or approximating the performance, and the situation of performance, embodied in a poetic text.
A “Truest Paradigm for Western Lyric”
Authors: Walker Jeffrey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Iemphasize, again, that my purpose thus far has not been to reconstruct a specifically Aristotelian concept of “enthymeme.” Rather, my point is that, between the perspectives offered by Sophocles’ apparently common usage of the word enthymêma, the more technical, sophistic usage operative in lsocrates and Anaximenes, and Aristotle’s reception and emendation of those usages, we can reconstruct a general notion of enthymematic argument—one that is less constricting than the conventional modern reception of “enthymeme” as “incomplete, truncated, probabilistic syllogism,” with “syllogism” understood to mean the sort of thing that appears in logic textbooks. Indeed, the process of “in-thymatic” reasoning, on which enthymematic argument depends, is arguably more basic to human cognition than either the “syllo-gism” as defined by logic or the essentially propositional structures of practical reasoning described by Stephen Toulmin. Both can, in fact, be understood as specialized applications of a deeper, more basic enthymematic process.
Midnight in Calcutta
Authors: Wolpert Stanley 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On July 17, 1947, acting on the advice of India’ s prime minister-in waiting, Jawaharlal Nehru, and the consent of Pakistan’ s governor-general to-be M. A. Jinnah, Viceroy Lord Mountbatten won his government’ s final approval to partition Punjab and Bengal along religious lines prior to Great Britain’ s withdrawal from India. Their plan to carve up British India was never approved of or accepted by Gandhi, however, who realized too late that his closest comrades and disciples were more interested in power than principle, and that his own vision had long been clouded by the illusion that the struggle he led for India’ s freedom was a nonviolent one.