bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Induction of cytochrome P450 CYP6B7 and cytochrome b5 mRNAs from Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) by pyrethroid insecticides in organ culture
Authors: Ranasinghe C. , Hobbs A. A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAn organ culture system derived from Helicoverpa armigera has been used to study the expression of cytochrome P450 and cytochrome b5 mRNAs. Northern analysis showed that levels of the mRNAs for cytochrome P450s, CYP6B2, CYP6B6 and CYP6B7, and cytochrome b5 in control tissue were commensurate with those in the tissue of whole larvae. Substantial induction of cytochrome P450, CYP6B7 and cytochrome b5 mRNAs by α‐pinene, and the pyrethroids, fenvalerate, cypermethrin and permethrin were observed in fat body culture. Neither mRNA was induced, either in midgut or integument organ cultures. In contrast, the relatively water‐soluble compound phenobarbital, could induce CYP6B7 mRNA but not cytochrome b5 mRNA in fat body cultures. As for pyrethroids, phenobarbital had no effect on the other tissues in culture. These results confirm a previous conclusion that pyrethroids could induce CYP6B7 mRNA, which was based upon a very slight induction observed in living insects. Because many cytochrome P450 substrates can act as their inducers, these results support a previous conclusion that CYP6B7 could be the enzyme that is involved in pyrethroid resistance in H. armigera.
Microsatellite polymorphism in the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata
Authors: Bonizzoni M. , Malacrida A. R. , Guglielmino C. R. , Gomulski L. M. , Gasperi G. , Zheng L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA total of forty‐three simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified in the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly) Ceratitis capitata. The most common SSR was the dinucleotide (TG)n/(CA)n occurring in thirty of the forty‐three microsatellite loci. Polymorphism at ten dinucleotide markers was investigated in 122 flies from six natural populations sampled in the native and colonized areas. A very high level of allelic diversity was detected in the species range. An average of 13.6 alleles was found over all the ten loci indicating the informativeness of SSRs as genetic markers for the medfly. The distribution of microsatellite polymorphism in the species range reflects the medfly colonization history.
Characterization of genes expressed in the salivary glands of the tsetse fly, Glossina morsitans morsitans
Authors: Li S. , Kwon J. , Aksoy S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSalivary gland products of haematophogous insects including tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidia) are involved in antihaemostasis to allow for efficient blood feeding. In addition, salivary products of tsetse are thought to indirectly support the metacyclogenesis and eventual transmission of the African trypanosome protozoan parasites to their mammalian hosts. We have previously characterized the major anticoagulant, Tsetse Thrombin Inhibitor (TTI), from salivary extracts, and described molecular aspects of its cDNA from a Glossina morsitans morsitans salivary gland cDNA library. In addition, a family of two related genes with growth factor and adenosine‐deaminase motifs (TSGF‐1 and TSGF‐2) have also been described. Here, we report on the molecular aspects of three different cDNAs and their putative products expressed in salivary glands: cDNAs TAg5, Tsal1 and Tsal2. The full‐length transcript encoded by Tsetse Antigen 5 (TAg5) cDNA is 926 bp excluding the poly(A) stretch, and has an open reading frame of 259 amino acids that can encode for a protein of 28 925 Da. The putative product of TAg5 shows extensive similarities to cDNAs characterized from Drosophila (Agr and Agr2) and sandfly Lutzomyia (LuLoAG5). The cDNAs Tsal1 and Tsal2 are predicted to encode for mature proteins of 45 612 Da (399 amino acids) and 43 930 Da (389 amino acids), respectively, and their putative products exhibit over 42% identity to one another. The N terminus of each putative protein contains a hydrophobic region with signal peptide characteristics indicating that they may be secretory in nature. Transcripts specific for TAg5 and Tsal2 genes can be detected in all developmental stages of tsetse while Tsal1 expression is limited to adult and larval stages. A reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction based amplification approach indicates that TAg5 transcipts can be detected from proventriculus and midgut tissues of the fly in addition to salivary glands, while Tsal1 and Tsal2 expression is restricted to salivary gland and proventriculus. The salivary glands of adult males are found to express higher levels of TAg5 and Tsal2 in comparison to females while no significant sex‐based difference is observed for Tsal1 expression. The expression of these cDNAs in different tsetse species (G. m. morsitans, Glossina austeni and Glossina fuscipes) shows wide variations.
Theperiodgene and genetic differentiation between three Brazilian populations ofLutzomyia longipalpis
Authors: Bauzer L. G. S. R. , Souza N. A. , Ward R. D. , Kyriacou C. P. , Peixoto A. A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractLutzomyia longipalpis(Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae), the main vector of visceral leishmaniasis in the Americas, is a putative species complex. Molecular polymorphism was characterized in a 266 bp fragment ofL. longipalpishomologous toperiod, a ‘speciation gene’ fromDrosophila. Samples from the Brazilian localities of Jacobina (BA), Lapinha (MG) and Natal (RN) were analysed and the data indicate that the three populations are highly differentiated, with a very low level of gene flow between them. These results are in agreement with published pheromone and copulation song studies that suggest the existence of a sibling species complex in Brazil.
Thermal sensitivity of endodontically treated teeth
Authors: Tidwell E. , Witherspoon D. E. , Gutmann J. L. , Vreeland D. L. , Sweet P. M. 
Published: March 2003

Case reports The problem of thermal sensitivity following non‐surgical root‐canal treatment is explored and case reports are presented. Possible causes for post‐treatment discomfort from endodontic and restorativeaetiologies are discussed, as are the mechanisms to explain the patients’ painful experiences. Treatment of this problem may vary from the simple replacement of a defective restoration to a more extensive non‐surgical retreatment of the case, despite radiographic evidence of an acceptable root filling and normal periradicular tissues.
A case of unusual anatomy: a maxillary lateral incisor with three canals
Authors: Peix‐Sánchez M. , Mi·ana‐Laliga R. 
Published: March 2003

Case report A case of an unusual maxillary lateral incisor with three root canals is presented. The patientpresented with localized swelling and a sinus tract. Because of its abnormal anatomical configuration, the tooth presented diagnostic and procedural difficulties. Conventional root canal treatment was performed successfully.
Newly developed resinous direct pulp capping agent containing calcium hydroxide (MTYA1‐Ca)
Authors: Niinuma A. 
Published: March 2003

Niinuma A. Newly developed resinous direct pulp capping agent containing calcium hydroxide (MTYA1‐Ca). International Endodontic Journal, 32, 475–483 1999.Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate a newly developed resin (MTYA1‐Ca) for direct pulp capping.Methodology The powder of MTY1‐Ca is composed of 89.0% microfiller, 10.0% calcium hydroxide and 1.0% benzoyl peroxide and was mixed with liquid (67.5% triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, 30.0% glyceryl methacrylate, 1.0% o‐methacryloyl tyrosine amide, 1.0% dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate, and 0.5% camphorquinone). The shear bond, diametral tensile, bending and compressive strengths were measured. The alkaline activity of the eluate dissolved from MTYAl‐Ca was calculated. Cell viability by MTT assay and alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity were evaluated from dental pulp fibroblast reaction to the eluate dissolved from MTYAl‐Ca. Histopathological studies of the response to exposed dental pulp of beagle dogs were completed with Dycal as a control.Results The physical properties of MTYAl‐Ca were significantly superior to those of Dycal. It was impossible to measure these properties with Dycal because of poor physical properties. Both MTYA1‐Ca and Dycal maintained high levels of alkaline activity (pH 10.96–12.20) over the 168‐h duration of the study. Cell viability by MTT assay in the intact eluate of MTYAl‐Ca was significantly higher than that of Dycal, whilst ALPase showed no difference between MTYAl‐Ca and Dycal. A dentine bridge formed more slowly under MTYA1‐Ca than under Dycal, but similar amounts had formed at 90 days.Conclusions MTYAl‐Ca has the potential to be used as a direct pulp capping material.
Determination of endotoxins in caries: association with pulpal pain
Authors: Khabbaz M. G. , Anastasiadis P. L. , Sykaras S. N. 
Published: March 2003

Khabbaz MG, Anastasiadis PL, Sykaras SN. Determination of endotoxins in caries: association with pulpal pain. International Endodontic Journal, 33, 132–137 2000.Aim  The aims of this study were: (i) to determine the presence or absence of endotoxins in the superficial and deep layers of carious lesions of symptomatic and asymptomatic teeth with vital pulps; (ii) to quantify the amount of endotoxin present; and (iii) to associate the presence of endotoxins with the acute pulpal pain derived from the irreversible pulpitis.Methodology Two specimens of carious dentine were taken under aseptic conditions from symptomatic teeth with irreversible pulpitis (n = 9) and asymptomatic teeth with reversible pulpitis (n = 11). The first specimen was taken from a layer of superficial caries and the second from a deeper one. Sound dentine was also collected from intact teeth without restoration and used as a noncarious control group (n = 4). During the patient sampling procedure an effort was made to collect an equal quantity of caries and sound dentine in all cases (approximately 6 mg).The extraction of endotoxins was performed using the Phenol–water method. The assay and quantitative determination of endotoxins was performed by the Quantitative Chromogenic test using Limulus Lysate. Data were analysed statistically using either independent or paired t‐tests.Results  The results indicated that endotoxins were present in the superficial and deep layers of caries of all symptomatic teeth with irreversible pulpitis (0.15078 and 0.12111 ng mL−1, respectively), with significantly greater amount (P< 0.01) in the superficial compared to the deep layer. Endotoxins were found in superficial and deep layer of caries of all asymptomatic teeth with reversible pulpitis (0.12091 and 0.07163 ng mL−1, respectively), with significantly greater amounts (P< 0.001) in the superficial compared to the deep layer.The results also demonstrated that significantly greater concentrations (P <0.005) of endotoxins were present in the superficial carious layer of symptomatic compared with asymptomatic teeth (0.15078 and 0.12091 ng mL−1, respectively). Likewise, significantly greater amounts (P <0.001) of endotoxins were present in the deep carious layer of symptomatic compared with asymptomatic teeth (0.12111 and 0.07163 ng mL−1, respectively). In sound dentine no endotoxins were detected.Conclusions  This study demonstrates that endotoxins are present in carious lesions of symptomatic and asymptomatic teeth. The amount of endotoxin was significantly greater in the superficial compared to the deep layer of carious dentine. More endotoxins are present in caries of painful teeth compared with those without symptoms.
The standardized‐taper root canal preparation – Part 6. GT file technique in abruptly curved canals
Authors: Buchanan L. S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAim  To describe the application of GT files in roots with abrupt curvatures.Summary Most dentists interpret obstructions to instrument progress as calcification, rather than abrupt curvature. Basically, there are not any apically calcified canals, only clinicians who are not clever enough or patient enough to sneak to patency. Dentists should be on their guard and sensitive to the ‘rubber band’ sensation of residual pulp tissue, and the ‘loose resistance’ sensation of the curved or ledged canal. Residual pulp tissue should be removed and the canal lubricated. The ledged or curved canal will only be helped by file bending. The size 10 file test is the key to identify canals requiring pre‐bent instruments.The canal should first be flared short of the obstruction, before shaping the canal after it with regular, pre‐bent K‐files. Pre‐bent GT hand‐files can then be used with care to blend the apical and more coronal regions for final shape. Cone‐fit may then require chilling and pre‐bending GP cones (pre‐bend more than one), before packing the canal.Key learning points

Root canals do not calcify apically.
File progress is prevented by pulp tissue, abrupt curvatures or ledging.
Loose resistance to the passage of a size 10 file shows the canals that require instrument pre‐bending. This test should be repeated at intervals during the preparation.
Even NiTi GT files can be pre‐bent for use in abrupt curves.
Gutta percha cones can be pre‐bent after chilling.
In vivo determination of root canal length: a preliminary report using the Tri Auto ZX apex‐locating handpiece
Authors: Grimberg F. , Banegas G. , Chiacchio L. , Zmener O. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAim The aim of this study was to assess the clinical perfomance of a cordless handpiece with a built‐in apex locator – the Tri Auto ZX – designed for root canal preparation with nickel‐titanium rotary files.Methodology Twenty‐five human maxillary incisor and canine teeth scheduled for extraction with mature apices were selected for the study. Informed written consent was obtained from each patient before treatment. After administration of local anaesthesia, the teeth were isolated and the pulp cavities accessed. The Tri Auto ZX along with a size 15 K‐file was used in its electronic apex locating function based on the manufacturer's recommendations. A periapical radiograph with the file at the electronically determined constriction was taken, the file removed and the measurement registered as the electronic length (EL). To test the auto reverse function, a size 20 ProFile .04 taper NiTi rotary instrument was mounted in the handpiece. The point for the auto apical reverse function was preset on the panel at the 0.5 mm level. After the file was introduced into the canal and reached the predetermined level, the file automatically stopped and rotated in the opposite direction. A reference point was marked and this measurement was registered as the auto reverse length (ARL). All measurements were made twice by two different investigators. Teeth were then extracted and immersed in a 20% formalin solution for 48 h. After fixation, a size 15 file was inserted into the canal to measure the actual root canal length from the same reference point obtained with the Tri Auto ZX to the apical foramen, as seen in the stereo microscope. When the file tip was visible at the anatomical end of the canal it was withdrawn 0.5 mm and this measurement was registered as the actual length (AL). All measurements were expressed in mm and the measuring accuracy was set to 0.5 mm. The significance of the mean differences between EL and ARL and between EL and AL measurements at the 5% confidence level was evaluated.Results EL measurements were coincident to ARL in all instances. EL and ARL were coincident to AL in 10 (40%) canals, in the remaining 15 canals (60%) the AL measurements were longer than EL and ARL (+0.5 mm) in 14 instances and shorter (–0.5 mm) in one case. Overall, the AL was longer than the EL or ARL, the mean difference being –0.23 mm ± 0.32 (P < 0.05).Conclusions It was concluded that the Tri Auto ZX was useful and reliable. The Tri Auto ZX measurements protected against overpreparation.
Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases 1 and 2 in human seminal plasma and their association with spermatozoa
Authors: BAUMGART E. , LENK S. V. , LOENING S. A. , JUNG K. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryA 24‐kDa heparin binding protein recently identified as tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases 2 (TIMP‐2) in bovine seminal fluid was suggested to play an important role in bull fertility. As no data are present for men, the concentrations of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP‐1) and TIMP‐2 were quantified in human seminal plasma of normozoospermic and azoospermic men using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay methods. TIMP‐1 and 2 were not significantly different in both groups and there were no relationships between the concentrations of both TIMPs and other sperm characteristics. It is assumed that TIMPs are released from accessory sex glands.
Tissue distribution of rat macroglobulins in tumour‐bearing rats
Authors: Maltseva  , Zorina  , Mingaljev  , Krajushkina  , Chirikova  , Zorin  
Published: March 2003

Rat macroglobulins were determined in blood sera and extracts of tissues of intact rats and rats with Walker carcinoma by rocket immunoelectrophoresis. The serum levels of α1‐macroglobulin (α1MG) α2‐macroglobulin (α2MG) and pregnancy‐associated α1‐glycoprotein (α1PAG) were 1.86 ± 0.07 mg/ml, 0.12 ± 0.02 mg/ml and 18.32 ± 4.07 AU/ml respectively in control rats. Maximum concentrations of α1MG were found in heart, lung and spleen and lesser quantities were in liver and thymus, while α2MG and α1PAG were not found at all in tissue extracts from control rats.Serum α2MG and α1PAG concentrations increased more than 30‐fold in tumour‐bearing rats compared to control animals, while α1MG serum concentration was little changed. Increases in all three macroglobulins occurred in the tissues of tumour‐bearing rats, particularly α1PAG. The tissue concentrations of α1MG and α2MG were similar and the tissue distribution was also similar with highest concentrations in heart and lung. Considerable quantities of the proteins were found in the tumour and part of peritoneum which made contact with the tumour. Changes in the protein concentrations in serum and tissue extracts of tumour‐bearing rats suggest that all members of rat macroglobulin family are disturbed during the development of the Walker carcinoma, though only α2MG and α1PAG were substantially elevated.
Early vasculitis in the mercuric chloride induced Brown Norway rat model is neutrophil independent
Authors: Harris Fiona E. , Turner David R. , Oliveira David B.G. 
Published: March 2003

In the Brown Norway rat, mercuric chloride (HgCl2) induces an autoimmune syndrome characterized by necrotizing vasculitis, predominantly affecting the caecum, and a polyclonal B‐cell response. The time course of vasculitis is biphasic, with an αβ T‐cell independent phase occurring within 24 h, and a T‐cell and neutrophil dependent phase, maximal at two weeks. The pathogenesis of the early phase of vasculitis is unclear, and this study aims to examine the role of neutrophils.Rat neutrophils were depleted using cyclophosphamide. RP3, an antirat neutrophil monoclonal antibody, inhibited neutrophil leucocytosis but did not deplete neutrophils. Vasculitis was induced by subcutaneous HgCl2 injection. Serial measurements of peripheral blood leucocyte count were made. Rats were killed after 24 or 72 h. The macroscopic appearance of the caecum was scored by an experienced observer, and samples taken for histological examination. Caecums were excised and myeloperoxidase, a marker enzyme for neutrophil infiltration, assayed.Cyclophosphamide induced marked neutropaenia whereas RP3 inhibited the neutrophilia observed after HgCl2 injection. Vasculitis was present in both treated and control animals, with no significant differences in macroscopic or microscopic scores between the groups. Tissue myeloperoxidase activity was low in all animals and did not differ significantly between groups.The data do not support a role for neutrophils in the initial pathogenesis of vasculitis in this model.
Traumatic injuries to the chin: a survey in a paediatric dental practice
Authors: Holan  
Published: March 2003

Objective. The aim of the study was to provide data on the prevalence of clinical signs of traumatic injuries to the chin and of parental report of such injuries in a group of children visiting a private paediatric dental practice.Sample and methods. The study group comprised 303 children (151 boys and 152 girls) whose dental age was within the limits in which all primary molars are present. The children visited the author’s private practice for purposes other than chin injury and its dental implications. Data collected included age, gender, presence and location of fractures in primary molars, presence of a scar on the child’s chin, and parental report of previous chin injuries.Results. Fractured primary molars were detected in 96 (31·7%) children. 79 (26%) children had a scar on the chin and previous chin injuries were reported for 110 (36·3%) children. Boys presented a higher prevalence of evidence of chin injuries than girls. The male/female ratios for fractured molars, scar on the chin and previous trauma were 1·5:1, 1·8:1 and 1·5:1 respectively. These differences were statistically significant (χ2, P= 0.012, P= 0.002 and P= 0.008 respectively).Conclusions. It is concluded from this survey that traumatic injuries to the chin are not infrequent and the incidence of injuries to the chin is higher in boys than in girls
A repeated criterion‐based audit of radiographic usage by a paediatric dentistry unit
Authors: Shockledge R.R. , Hill F.J. 
Published: March 2003

Aims. To report a simple clinical audit which was conducted within a single hospital paediatric dental unit and to demonstrate the potential value of such small‐scale projects.Design. A criterion‐based audit of radiographic practice which was repeated after 3 years in order to evaluate changes.Setting. Six 1 hour meetings of an audit group consisting of the staff and postgraduate students of the Unit.Sample and Methods. Various aspects of radiographic usage were quantitatively assessed using a sample of patient records and a pre‐planned check list to assess the extent to which agreed good‐practice criteria were being met. The initial audit identified areas for improvement which were addressed before repeating the exercise 3 years later.Results. Clinical note‐keeping to accompany radiographic examinations was found to be the least satisfactory area of practice. When the exercise was repeated, encouraging improvements were demonstrated.Conclusions. The audit was worthwhile because it appeared to produce improvements in standards of patient care.
Arresting dentine caries in Chinese preschool children
Authors: Lo E.C.M. , Schwarz E. , Wong M.C.M. 
Published: March 2003

Objectives. To investigate the incidence of rehardening of caries lesions in children in Southern China taking part in a preventive programme.Design. Longitudinal study.Sample and methods. A prevention programme was established for 168 3–6‐year‐old children in a kindergarten (KG1), which included regular oral health education sessions and a daily toothbrushing exercise using fluoridated toothpaste (1000 ppm F). A group of 121 children studying in two other kindergartens without a preventive programme formed the controls. Due to lack of resources and dental personnel, restorative and other curative treatments were not provided.Results. Rehardening of dentine caries (arrested caries) was found in children in both test and control groups. At the third annual examination, 45% of the caries lesions on the proximal surfaces of primary anterior teeth in KG1 children found at the baseline and previous annual examinations had become arrested. A multiple linear regression analysis indicated that baseline ds score and its interactions with the prevention programme, gender and the child’s oral hygiene all had significant effect on the number of tooth surfaces with arrested caries at the third annual examination.Conclusion. Results from this study support the use of simple prevention programmes to stabilize the caries situation in communities where intensive use of trained dental personnel is not feasible.