bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation of wood drying process with asensitivity analysis.
Authors: Saiz Fernando Rosales , Martínez Mágyuri Ávila , Arias Joaquin Matilla 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The equations system of heat and mass transfer that govern the drying process forpine wood was simulated with finite element method, using the model proposed byLuikov (1966). Profiles of moisture potential and temperature were obtained andanalyzed at different drying times and positions on the sample. Also a sensitivitystudy of moisture non-uniformity was carried out over the parameters presentsin the boundary conditions. It shown a prediction for profiles of moisture non-uniformity for ranges of the more influential boundary conditions parameters.
Pseudoinvasion and squamous metaplasia/morules in colorectal adenomatous polyp:a case report and literature review
Authors: Shi Li , Li Huamin , Li Shulian , Lin Songyan , Wu Ying 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Submucosal pseudoinvasion and squamous metaplasia (SM) are incidental and special morphological findings in colorectal adenomas, and both can mimic invasive carcinoma. The coexistence of these two findings further increases the risk of misdiagnosis, posing a great diagnostic challenge to pathologists. From 1979 to 2022, only 8 cases have been reported, which was extremely rare. In this report, we presented a case of sigmoid colon adenoma accompanied by pseudoinvasion and SM. Additionally, relevant literature was analyzed to summarize the clinical and pathological characteristics.
Case presentation
A 51-year-old Chinese male patient presented with fresh blood after defecation. Electronic colonoscopy revealed multiple polyps, which were removed using a snare and subjected to high-frequency electrocoagulation resection. The largest polyp, located in the sigmoid colon, was a thick pedunculated and lobulated polyp with a maximum diameter of 2.8 cm. The surface of the polyp showed slight ruggedness and redness, and it was sent for pathological examination. Grossly, the polyp had a lobulated and slightly rough surface. Microscopically, it showed a tubulovillous adenoma with mucosal muscle hyperplasia. Glandular elements were observed in the submucosal layer, forming a well-defined lobular structure. Some of the glands displayed cystic change, and focal SM could be seen within the adenoma. SM could manifest as discrete solid cell nests of varying sizes or cribriform-morular-like structures. Immunohistochemical staining showed that SM cells were diffusely positive for cytokeratin 5/6 (CK5/6); P40, P63, and cytokeratin 20 (CK20) were negative; while caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX2) was weakly positive. β-catenin showed abnormal nuclear expression, and an extremely low Ki67 proliferation index was observed.
Conclusions
Our case, along with the cases reported in the literature suggest that the coexistence of SM and pseudoinvasion in colorectal adenomas is highly rare. It is more commonly observed in males and tends to occur in the sigmoid colon. It primarily manifests in tubulovillous adenoma and tubular adenoma, with a majority of cases exhibiting a pedicle. Histologically, it is similar to invasive lesions. Immunohistochemical markers play a crucial role in distinguishing them from true invasive lesions.
Analyzing the impact of environmental flow indices on protecting the biodiversity of macroinvertebrates
Authors: Sedighkia Mahdi , Abdoli Asghar 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

This study evaluates the impact of environmental flow regimes in the river habitats on the biodiversity index of macroinvertebrates. A multiple linear regression model was developed to simulate the biodiversity index of macroinvertebrates in which two combined indicators were considered as the inputs. A combined water quality index that can integrate the impacts of all key water quality parameters as well as a combined physical flow index were considered as the inputs of the biodiversity model. Based on the case study results, some hydrological indices of environmental flows such as 10% of mean annual flow would remarkably weaken the biodiversity of macroinvertebrates. By contrast, some environmental flow indices such as the physical habitat index can mitigate the impacts of changing flow regimes by minimizing the differences between the biodiversity index in the natural flow and environmental flow regimes. Furthermore, some hydrological indicators such as 60% of mean annual flow performed similarly to physical habitat methods. However, the results demonstrated that the degradation of water quality due to human activities has considerably weakened the biodiversity even in the natural flow regime, which means implementing an environmental flow regime without water quality improvement might worsen biodiversity. This study highlights that environmental flow studies should be incorporated within the biodiversity modeling of macroinvertebrates.
Factors influencing the adoption and utilization of latrines in Babille Woreda, Somali region, eastern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Belete Biniam Endale , Ambelu Argaw , Addis Taffere 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The primary objective of this research was to identify the factors that influence sanitation behaviors toward the adoption and use of latrines in Babille woreda, Fafan zone, Somali region, eastern Ethiopia. A cross-sectional community-based study design was used. Household survey was used to collect quantitative data. Qualitative data were also gathered through focus group discussions and key informant interviews. A total of 383 respondents were included in the study. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to analyze the quantitative data. Adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using a logistic regression model. Focus group discussions and key informant interviews were analyzed through thematic analysis. In the study area, 228 (59.5%) households had adopted latrines. However, only about one-third of them (111, 29.0%) consistently used the latrine. Sex, occupation, income, being aware of latrine construction, use and maintenance, and sources of information were significantly associated with household latrine adoption. Interventions to increase latrine adoption and utilization should account for differences in latrine adoption disparities by sex of the household head, occupation, and household income.
Virtual water flows and drivers in the international trade of agricultural products of the regional comprehensive economic partnership
Authors: Zhang Min , Zhang Yu , Tian Qing , Man Xiaojie , Wang Mengfan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The regional comprehensive economic partnership (RCEP) is today the largest free trade area in the world. This paper examines agricultural trade in the RCEP from 2010 to 2019 through the perspective of virtual water. And the drivers of the virtual water flow between China and the RCEP are also explored. The results are as follows: the virtual water flow during the study period was 2,576.51 billion m3. From a temporal perspective, the annual virtual water flow over the study period is characterized by a slow rise–significant fall–slow rise. It has the characteristics of concentration in spatial distribution and water resources and product structure. However, the concentration degree showed a downward trend during the study period. Then, we have divided the major trading into four categories based on whether there is a shortage of water on both sides of the trade. In terms of the drivers of virtual water flows between China and the RCEP, we have used the gravity model to arrive at the following findings: crop yields, bilateral economic scale, and agricultural labor resources are the main drivers. Our research results have reference values for adjusting bilateral agricultural trade and water conservation.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Cholic Acid Tagged Piperazine Derivatives
Authors: Alshawabkeh Dima W. , Rasras Anas J. , Abushattal Saqr , Al Zubi Mohammad S. , Shakdofa Mohamad M. , Younes Eyad A. , Al-Qawasmeh Raed A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
Diseases caused by bacteria are a big challenge for scientists worldwide. These
bacteria can be resistant through the adaption of new ways to protect themselves against
antimicrobial drugs and thus become multidrug resistance. In this work, new derivatives of
1,3,4-oxadiazole- cholic acid were synthesized and fully characterized using different techniques,
such as 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and HRMS. Their biological activity, along with the
measuring of their minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), was studied and reported. The
antimicrobial activity of the new library was assessed via in vitro screening against both
Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The compounds showed selectivity against
Gram-positive bacteria. Among the new analogues, compounds 4F and 5h were found to be
potent against S. aureus with MIC of 47 μg/mL. Compounds 4f, 5g and 5h were active
against MRSE with MIC of 188, 99, and 23 μg/mL, respectively.
Scalable, Chromatography-Free Synthesis of 1,7-dimethylxanthine
Authors: Sun Shaoguang , Jiang Yucheng , Mao Hui , Cui Shuya 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
1,7-dimethylxanthine is a critical intermediate in the pharmaceutical industry. In this
paper, a scalable route for the synthesis of 1,7-dimethylxanthine was developed. The method included
two steps: (1) acylation reaction of ethyl 4-amino-1-methyl-1H-imidazole-5- carboxylate
was carried out by using commercially available methylcarbamoyl chloride as the starting material;
(2) through cyclization of pyrimidine ring with aqueous sodium hydroxide, 1,7-
dimethylxanthine was obtained with a total yield of 80%, and its HPLC purity was 99% by area.
The method is very efficient and readily adaptable to kilogram scale, and because of the cyclization
reaction process in aqueous conditions, this route is worthy of exploration for industrial application.
Breast Cancer Subtypes and Current Promising Genetic Engineering Tools for Breast Cancer Treatment - An Overview
Authors: Chong Eric Tzyy Jiann , Ngiam Adlar Ryan , Lee Ping-Chin 
Published: January 2024

:
Breast cancer poses a significant global health challenge, and if current trends persist, the
burden of breast cancer is projected to escalate, yielding over 3 million new cases and 1 million fatalities
annually by the year 2040. Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease, presenting a spectrum
of subtypes, each characterized by unique clinical behaviors and responses to treatments. Understanding
these breast cancer subtypes is of paramount importance in the fields of oncology and
personalized medicine. In addition to conventional breast cancer treatments, such as surgery, chemotherapy,
radiotherapy, hormonal therapy, and immunotherapy, recent scientific advancements have
introduced a range of genetic engineering tools with noteworthy potential. Zinc finger nucleases
(ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), clustered regularly interspaced
short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), and small interfering RNA (siRNA) have emerged as promising
components of breast cancer treatment. These tools offer encouraging applications due to their precision
in targeting and manipulating genes. This review presents a comprehensive exploration of the
various subtypes of breast cancer, along with an examination of the current promising genetic engineering
tools in treating breast cancer. It sheds light on their roles in the evolving landscape of breast
cancer treatment.
Review on Advances in Pediatric Endoscopy in the Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Isoldi Sara , Mallardo Saverio , Quitadamo Paolo , Leter Beatrice , Cucchiara Salvatore 
Published: January 2024

:
Over the past decades, an increased importance has been given to gastrointestinal (GI)
endoscopy in the management of children with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), considering
that mucosal healing has been recognized as the optimal endpoint in the treat-to-target paradigm.
The recent advances in technology and anesthesia have facilitated the comprehensive evaluation
of the GI tract. In this review, we will discuss the role of ileocolonoscopy, upper GI endoscopy,
and device-assisted enteroscopy in the work-up and management of pediatric Crohn’s disease
(CD) and ulcerative colitis, with particular attention on non-invasive endoscopic techniques, such
as wireless capsule endoscopy. We will also analyze the most commonly used endoscopic scoring
systems, including small bowel scoring systems and endoscopic recurrence grading of neo-terminal
ileum CD. Moreover, we will focus on the endoscopic management of complications, such as
strictures, that commonly require surgery. Lastly, we will discuss cancer surveillance in children
with IBD, with particular consideration of the role of high-definition endoscopic equipment and
chromoendoscopy in dysplasia detection rates.
Azathioprine-induced Veno-occlusive Hepatotoxicity in a Patient with Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Dongre Nikhil , Kalita Jayantee , Misra Usha K. 
Published: January 2024

Introduction:
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder of post-synaptic
neuromuscular junction characterised by fatigable muscle weakness and is treated with prednisolone
with or without other immunosuppressants, including azathioprine (AZA). Veno-occlusive
hepatotoxicity of AZA is a rare complication in MG.

Case Report:
We report a 35-year-old man with MG, was treated with pyridostigmine, prednisolone,
and AZA for 5 years. He presented with abdominal pain and increased fatiguability for 7
days. His serum bilirubin and liver enzymes were elevated, and ultrasound revealed a dilated
hepatic vein and portal vein suggestive of veno-occlusive liver disease. The clinical symptoms,
liver functions, and ultrasound of the hepatobiliary system normalized after withdrawal of AZA.

Conclusion:
A possibility of AZA veno-occlusive hepatoxicity should be considered in a MG
patient if presented with abdominal pain, elevated bilirubin and transaminases, and ultrasound
showing dilatation of hepatic veins. Physicians should be aware of this complication because this
toxicity is reversible following dose reduction or withdrawal of AZA.
Salmonella Typhi: A Review of Antibiogram Journey in Developing
Countries
Authors: Singhal Lipika , Sandhu Diljot , Gupta Varsha , Kour Ivneet 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
Background: Typhoid fever poses a significant health challenge in low- and middleincome countries (LMiCs), impacting millions of individuals across various age groups. Its
prevalence is particularly pronounced in South Asia. Factors contributing to its transmission in
South Asia include rapid unplanned urbanization, urban-rural disparities, provision of poor water and sanitation facilities, and open defecation.
The mortality rate of typhoid fever is up to 1%, and those who survive have a protracted period
of poor health and carry an enormous financial burden. The treatment is further complicated by
the emerging antibiotic resistance leaving few treatment options in hands. This issue has become
more urgent due to the further emergence of extended drug-resistant (XDR) and multidrugresistant (MDR) typhoid strains, as well as their subsequent global spread. Fluoroquinoloneresistant Salmonella spp. is currently classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a
high (Priority 2) pathogen. As a result, establishing minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC)
according to the latest guidelines may prove effective in treating typhoid fever and minimizing
the rising threat of drug resistance.
Disease X: Beyond Fear, Toward Preparedness
Authors: Awasthi Rajendra 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
In recent years, there has been a growing concern regarding the increasing incidence of
infectious diseases with potential global transmission [1]. The World Health Organization
(WHO) coined the phrase "Disease X" to denote a theoretical infectious disease that has not
yet been detected but has the capacity to cause a global pandemic. Disease X denotes an
unidentified pathogenic agent with the potential to instigate a forthcoming global outbreak
[2]. Commencing with a convened gathering on the 18th of November 2022, the WHO has
initiated a comprehensive assembly of more than 300 esteemed experts. The primary objective of this assembly is to meticulously examine the available information pertaining to over
25 virus families, bacteria, and a hypothetical pathogen referred to as "Disease X." The initial publication of the list occurred in
2017.
Development of Effective Antileishmanial Herbal Drug from Withania
Somnifera and Tinospora Cordifolia Extract
Authors: Tiwari Ritesh K , Kumar Ashish , Singh Veer , Rai Sachchida N , Singh Santosh K , Ahmad Ghufran , Vamanu Emanuel , Singh Meenakshi 
Published: January 2024

Background::
Visceral leishmaniasis is a vector-borne immune-related disease that
manifests mainly by lowering of immune protective T-helper-1 cells and onset of diseasepromoting
T-helper-2 cells therefore the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis depends on boosting
the immune status of the host.

Methods::
In this study, two traditional medicinal plants Withania somnifera and Tinospora cordifolia
were selected, and their whole plant extracts were used for treating visceral leishmaniasisinfected
BALB/c mice. Observing the case of immune suppression and balance of Th-1/Th-2
dichotomy during visceral leishmaniasis in mind, the efficacy of these combined herbal drugs
against visceral leishmaniasis infected mice was evaluated by monitoring the restoration of Thelper-
1 type protective immune response.

Results::
To evaluate the effectiveness of these drugs against visceral leishmaniasis, reactive nitrogen
species and reactive oxygen species were measured. Biochemical parameters were also
performed from blood serum samples during this study, and normalized results were obtained in
visceral leishmaniasis-infected mice treated with Withania somnifera and Tinospora cordifolia
subgroup. The Amphotericin B treated subgroup was considered as standard positive control
during the experiment.

Conclusion::
A combination of herbal drugs resulted in a successful clearance of Leishmania
parasite as well as increased immune protective T-helper-1 cells, suggesting these drugs as efficient
antileishmanial agents.
A Robust Approach to Object Detection in Images using Improved T_CenterNet Method
Authors: Jaiswal Tarun , Pandey Manju , Tripathi Priyanka 
Published: January 2024

Aims:
A Robust Approach to Object Detection in Images using Improved T_CenterNet
Method

Background:
Currently, two-stage image object detectors are the most common method of detecting
objects. However, due to the slow processing of two-stage detectors, it is not always possible
to apply them in real-time.

Objective:
To develop a more robust and effective method for detecting objects in images by
building upon and improving the T_CenterNet algorithm

Methods:
In this research paper, we propose CenterNet, a method based on a one-stage detector
that takes into consideration the heat map branch of CenterNet, which is the most accurate anchorfree
detector. To improve the outcomes of the upcoming image as well as detection efficiency, we
disseminate the previously accurate long-term detection using a heatmap and a cascade guiding
framework.

Results:
On the COCO dataset, our technique obtains detection outcome AP50 -65.5%, APS
(Small Objects)-33.8, APM (Medium Objects)-47.0 at 38 frames per second. The results of the
study show the superiority of the suggested approach over the conventional one.

Conclusion:
In this research, we have introduced an enhanced approach to image object detection
using the improved T_CenterNet method. While the original CenterNet algorithm demonstrated
superior precision compared to other single-stage algorithms, it suffered from slow detection
speed. Our proposed approach, the Hourglass-208 model, built upon CenterNet, significantly improved
detection performance. The proposed T_CenterNet algorithm improves upon the original
CenterNet by incorporating the Hourglass backbone and feature map fusion techniques, enabling
enhanced object detections. Additionally, we applied the Smooth L1 loss function to object size
estimation within T_CenterNet, greatly enhancing overall detection performance by improving
object size regression.
Factors Affecting Psychological Health in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Santosha Sherien , Tiwari Vatsalya , Chand Sharad , Dikkatwar Manoj S. , Roy Supriya , Bindu Radhika 
Published: January 2024

:
Global mental health has been put at risk by the coronavirus disease 2019
(COVID-19) pandemic, both directly and indirectly through disruptive social shifts and
neuropsychiatric repercussions of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Despite a little rise in selfreported
mental health issues, there has not been an increase in the population's rates of
mental disorders, self-harm, or suicide that could be measured objectively. Demographic
factors, such as sex, age, and profession, have emerged as key determinants, with women,
younger individuals, and frontline workers facing elevated risks. In this review, we have
addressed the key considerations that have impacted the mental well-being of the populace
during COVID-19. A comprehensive literature search on the SCOPUS and PubMed databases
was used to find the current research studies on the COVID-19 outbreak relevant to
mental health. According to preliminary research, self-reported stress (8%) and symptoms
of worry and depression (16–28%) have been prevalent psychological responses to the
COVID-19 pandemic and they may have been linked to sleep disruption. This risk has
been reported to be moderated by several individual and systemic factors. Acute and postacute
neuropsychiatric consequences of COVID-19 have also been identified, with a significant
prevalence of fatigue, cognitive decline, and anxiety and depression symptoms,
even months after infection. Coping with challenges, such as social distancing, economic
instability, and altered routines, has posed significant mental health concerns. Access to
mental health resources and robust social support systems has, however, played pivotal
roles in addressing these challenges. The review has underscored the urgent need for comprehensive
mental health interventions, addressing social determinants, ensuring equitable
access to healthcare, and recognizing the enduring effects of the pandemic.