bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of circulating microRNAs in non-small cell lung carcinoma
Authors: Baranwal Harshita , Mishra Shravan K. , Kumari Niraj , Singh Shalini , Krishnani Narendra , Nath Alok , Neyaz Zafar 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of mortality globally. Early imaging detection modalities are associated with high false-positive rates and radiation exposure. A non-invasive biomarker can serve as an improvised method for early detection. MicroRNAs can serve as a potential non-invasive biomarker as they are stable in circulation, tissue or biological process-specific, easy to detect, cost-effective, and not associated with radiation hazards. This study validates circulating microRNA in NSCLC of the Indian population and studies its correlation with clinicopathological parameters.

Materials and Methods:
Circulating microRNA (-miR-193b, miR-301a, miR-7, and miR-25) was evaluated in 101 cases of tissue-proven NSCLC and 28 controls in serum samples.

Results:
There were 67 male and 34 female patients (Male: Female = 1.97:1). The age range was 25 to 86 years with a median age of 60 years. There was a significant upregulation in the expression of miR-193b in the NSCLC group as compared to controls (P = 0.034). MiR-7 was also upregulated while miR-25 and miR-301a were downregulated in NSCLC as compared to controls; however, a level of significance was not achieved. ROC curve analysis for miR-193b showed an AUC of 0.636 (95% CI, 0.522-0.750; P-value = 0.036) between NSCLC cases and controls.

Conclusion:
The present study showed variable expression of the above-studied miRNAs. MiR-193b showed a significant upregulation in cancer patients; however, the other three miRNAs were not conclusive. This suggests that profiling of microRNA in each population is essential to search for a valid non-invasive biomarker in that population.
Sebaceous carcinoma with apocrine differentiation arising in a known case of basal cell carcinoma: A rare entity
Authors: Ahuja Manisha , Mandal Shramana , Singh Meeta , Khurana Nita , Bhandari Padam Singh 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Sebaceous carcinoma is a ra malignant tumor of adnexal origin arising from sebaceous glands. It is most commonly seen arising from the eyelids and head and neck. It is predominantly seen in females with an average age of around 65 years. Apocrine differentiation in sebaceous carcinomas is rare but has been reported in the literature. Here, we present a case of sebaceous carcinoma with apocrine differentiation in a 62-year- old female who was a diagnosed case of basal cell carinoma.
Bilateral Olecranon Spur: A Rare Anatomical Case Report
Authors: Singal Anjali , Gupta Tulika , Aggarwal Anjali 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Olecranon spurs are enthesophytes, observed in the posterior part of the proximal olecranon surface. They can be symptomatic in isolation but are frequently mentioned with inflammatory conditions such as triceps tendonitis or olecranon bursitis and gout. Its surgical management entails anatomical information. Olecranon spur has rarely been reported in anatomical studies. We present a case of bilateral olecranon spur in the ulnae of a 62-year-old male skeleton. To the best of our knowledge, this report is the first anatomical report on biletral olecranon spur. The size of the spur was noticed carefully. Thorough anatomical knowledge of the olecranon spur can provide clinicians, radiologists, and forensic experts with better clinical judgment and may add insight to the surgical planning by orthopedic surgeons. Olecranon spur should also be considered in the differential diagnosis of pain at the posterior elbow, which may develop spontaneously, after a traumatic event, or in association with different sports.
Late-onset periodic catatonia with atypical course: A diagnostic quandary
Authors: Kaur Gurneet , Singh Swarndeep , Das Subhash , Gupta Vipin 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
We describe a case of late-onset periodic catatonia with atypical course in an elderly male with onset at the age of 70 years with brief episodes of sudden agitation lasting for a few hours of the day, followed by immobility, mutism, ambitendency, withdrawal, and urinary incontinence for the next few days. Four such episodes with complete recovery over the next few days and no residual behavioral symptoms lasting for several years (up to 7 years) without any long-term prophylactic psychotropic use. During the fourth such episode, the patient presented to our facility with a similar abrupt onset of symptoms. All biochemical investigations and neuroimaging findings were found to be noncontributory. On clinical examination, a diagnosis of periodic catatonia was suspected, which was later confirmed by immediate response to the intravenous diazepam challenge given under vitals monitoring in a high-dependency unit setting.
The gray clouds within: Depression and loneliness among the elderly population in urban Bengaluru – A cross-sectional study
Authors: Sangeetha M. D. , Deepthi R. , Menon P. K. Sreenath 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Aging is a global phenomenon. Depression and loneliness among the elderly are significant mental health concerns, often overlooked and underestimated in society. Globally, depression amounts to a loss of 2% disability-adjusted life years. India is 2nd most populous in the world by elderly population, depression and loneliness are often overlooked due to various reasons. Therefore, this study aims to explore the proportion of depression and loneliness and to determine their association with loneliness and other sociodemographic factors.

Methodology:
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 132 elders (age ≥60 years) in three wards of the urban area of Bengaluru. Geriatric Depression Scale 15 and Three-Item Loneliness Scale were used to assess depression and loneliness, respectively. The association between depression and loneliness was analyzed with other demographic variables using Chi-square and Bivariate logistic regression.

Results:
The magnitude of depression and loneliness among the elderly population was found to be 75.7% and 91%, respectively. Depression was significantly associated with elderly 60–69 years, females, with minimal education (illiterate), homemakers, number of family members >4, with no income, and dependent on others. Loneliness is significantly associated with the female gender, with illiterates, those who are not working and homemakers, below poverty line card holders, those with chronic diseases, and those dependent on others compared to their counterparts. There is a significant positive correlation between depression and loneliness scores among the elderly.

Conclusion:
The higher proportion of depression and loneliness among the elderly in our study emphasizes the necessary supportive measures. It needs to be addressed adequately through a coordinated primary care approach with community and social support.
Can basic magnetic resonance imaging along with neuropsychological assessment be used as a cost-effective means for the detection of early dementia in the Indian sub-continent?
Authors: Chepure Ashish Hanmantrao , Subramanyam Alka A. , Ungratwar Apurva Karmveer 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
The mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stage occurs sporadically between healthy aging and the onset of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). MCI shows significant defacement in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain along with neuropsychological and behavioral parameters.

Aim:
Assessment of neuropsychological, behavioral, and structural MRI changes in MCI and their relation with each other.

Methodology:
Seventy-eight participants in the MCI group and healthy controls (HC) were assessed using Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (ACE), Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE), Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR); and behavioral assessment by using Behavioral Pathology In AD (BEHAVE-AD). MRI brain volumetric analysis was performed using the software MYRIAN. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann–Whitney U test, unpaired t-test (P = <0.05), and Spearman’s rank correlation.

Results:
MCI group showed significant impairments in ACE, MMSE, and CDR and significantly higher behavioral symptoms on BEHAVE-AD. Episodic memory had a significant positive correlation with normalized right hippocampal volume and total intracranial volume (TICV). Remote memory had a significant negative correlation with normalized left hippocampal volumes. Global CDR score had a moderately negative correlation with normalized right and left hippocampal volumes. Affective disturbances were negatively correlated with TICV.

Conclusions:
Comparable analysis of correctly scaled neuropsychological assessments may provide unbiased proxies for MRI-based measures of dementia risk.
Surgical effect and gastrointestinal functional recovery of laparoscopic-guided total mesorectal excision in patients with rectal cancer
Authors: Jiang Xingli , Cai Zhenfeng , Dai Xintao , Pan Luofeng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
To explore the surgical effect and gastrointestinal functional recovery of laparoscopic-guided total mesorectal excision (LGTME) in patients with rectal cancer.

Patients and Methods:
A total of 150 rectal cancer patients who underwent surgical treatment in our hospital from July 2022 to July 2023 were selected and randomly divided into two groups using a random number table. There were 75 cases in the control group (CG) who underwent traditional open rectal total mesorectal excision surgery and 75 cases in the experimental group (EG) who underwent LGTME. The surgical effects of the two groups were compared, and the gastrointestinal and anal functional recovery of the two groups were compared before and after treatment.

Results:
Intraoperative bleeding, incision length, time to initial feeding and time to anal exhaust in the EG were significantly lower than those in the CG (P < 0.05). Before treatment, there was no significant difference in gastrointestinal function and anal function between the two groups (P > 0.05). After treatment, the levels of motilin, gastrin, neuropeptide Y and basic fibroblast growth factor in the EG were significantly higher than those in the CG, with statistical significance (P < 0.05); the maximum anal systolic pressure and resting anal sphincter pressure in the EG were significantly lower than those in the CG (P < 0.05); the rectal sensitivity threshold volume (RSTV) and rectal maximum volume threshold in the EG were significantly higher than those in the CG (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in most postoperative complications between the two groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
LGTME improves the surgical effects of rectal cancer patients, promotes the recovery of gastrointestinal function and has a small effect on anal function indicators, thereby reducing hospital stay.
The use of lidocaine infusion in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Awan Bakhtawar , Elsaigh Mohamed , Elkomos Beshoy Effat , Sohail Azka , Asqalan Ahmad , Baqar Safa Owhida Mousa , Elgendy Noha Ahmed , Saleh Omnia S. , Szul Justyna Malgorzata , Juan Anna San , Alasmar Mohamed , Marzouk Mohamed Mustafa 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Being one of the most common abdominal surgical procedures, numerous techniques have been adapted to decrease post-operative pain post cholecystectomy. However, the efficacy of intravenous (IV) lidocaine in managing post operative pain after LC is still controversial, according to many recent studies. This study aims to detect the effectiveness of IV lidocaine compared to other medications in managing post-operative pain. PubMed, Scopes, Web of Science and Cochrane Library were searched for eligible studies from inception to June 2023, and a systematic review and meta-analysis was done. According to eligibility criteria, 14 studies (898 patients) were included in our study. The pooled results of the included studies showed that the pain score after 6, 12 and 24 h after the surgery was significantly lower in those who received IV lidocaine as a painkiller (Visual Analogue Scale [VAS] 6H, mean difference [MD] = −1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −2.20, −0.20, P = 0.02; I
2 = 98%, VAS 12H, MD = −0.90, 95% CI = −1.52, −0.29, P = 0.004; I
2 = 96% and VAS 24H, MD = −0.86, 95% CI = −1.48, −0.24, P = 0.007; I
2 = 92%). In addition, IV lidocaine is associated with a significant decrease in the opioid requirement after the surgery (opioid requirements, MD = −29.53, 95% CI = −55.41, −3.66, P = 0.03; I
2 = 98%). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of nausea and vomiting after the surgery between the two groups (nausea and vomiting, relative risk = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.57, 1.45, P = 0.69; I
2 = 50%). Lidocaine infusion in LC is associated with a significant decrease in post operative pain and in opioid requirements after the surgery.
Management of Recurrence in Retinoblastoma Based on the Source of Tumor Cells
Authors: Thaker Shivna K. , Shah Parag K. , Das Abhishek , Maitra Puja 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:

PURPOSE:
The aim was to study the characteristics of recurrence patterns in the form of scar recurrence, new lesions, and vitreous seeds which is necessary in anticipating future events for the management of retinoblastoma (RB).

METHODS:
This retrospective analytical observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in South India; we included 64 eyes of 45 patients having RB from January 2019 to July 2020. The inclusion criterion was treatment-naïve patients with > 12 months of follow-up period. Recurrence patterns were defined as Pattern 1a and Pattern 1b: local and diffuse dissemination of vitreous seeds, respectively. Pattern 2: Scar recurrences: these are new tumor growths over chemoreduced lesions. Pattern 3: New lesions: local dissemination of subretinal seeds leading to new lesions elsewhere in the retina.

RESULTS:
A noncomparative analysis of 64 eyes of 45 patients having 108 lesions was studied; of which 28/45 (62.22%) were male and 17/45 (37.78%) were female. The mean time of presentation since the first clinical sign was 40 days (range: 10–180). The most common sign at presentation was leukocoria 42/64 (65.6%), followed by squint 4/64 (6.34%). Nineteen patients (42.22%) had bilateral RB, while 26 patients (57.78%) had unilateral RB. Primary enucleation was done for 19/26 eyes with advanced unilateral disease. Out of the total 32 eyes with subretinal tumor seeds at presentation, 17/32 eyes had a recurrence in the form of new lesions (Pattern 3) and 22/32 eyes had scar recurrence (Pattern 2). All of these 32 eyes were salvaged by local tumor consolidation methods. Recurrence due to vitreous seed dissemination was found in 18/64 eyes, in which diffuse dissemination (Pattern 1b) was present in 8/18 eyes (44.4%); all required enucleation even after local and systemic chemotherapeutic measures. Rest 10/18 eyes with local vitreous seeds (Pattern 1a) were cured at the end of the follow-up. Globe salvage was more with Pattern 1a rather than Pattern 1b even after additional intravitreal chemotherapy.

CONCLUSION:
All eyes with Patterns 2 and 3 were salvaged at the end of follow-up with local tumor consolidation methods, while the globe salvage rate with Pattern 1 was poor even with multiple doses of intravitreal chemotherapy. The rate of successful treatment for managing these recurrence patterns depends on early identification by regular follow-ups with detailed retina examination.
Eye Health Integration in Southern and Eastern Africa: A Scoping Review
Authors: Ogundo Cynthia L. A. , Bascaran Covadonga , Habtamu Esmael , Buchan John , Mwangi Nyawira 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
Integrated health systems are deemed necessary for the attainment of universal health coverage, and the East, Central, and Southern Africa Health Community (ECSA-HC) recently passed a resolution to endorse the integration of eye health into the wider health system. This review presents the current state of integration of eye health systems in the region. Eight hundred and twelve articles between 1946 and 2020 were identified from four electronic databases that were searched. Article selection and data charting were done by two reviewers independently. Thirty articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in the narrative synthesis. Majority were observational studies (60%) and from Tanzania (43%). No explicit definition of integration was found. Eye health was prioritized at national level in some countries but failed to cascade to the lower levels. Eye health system integration was commonly viewed in terms of service delivery and was targeted at the primary level. Eye care data documentation was inadequate. Workforce integration efforts were focused on training general health-care cadres and communities to create a multidisciplinary team but with some concerns on quality of services. Government funding for eye care was limited. The findings show eye health system integration in the ECSA-HC region has been in progress for about four decades and is focused on the inclusion of eye health services into other health-care programs. Integration of comprehensive eye care into all the health system building blocks, particularly financial integration, needs to be given greater emphasis in the ECSA-HC.
Preoperative and Intraoperative Spontaneous Scleral Rupture: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: AlAmry Mohammed , Alahareef Esraa , Aljebreen Abdulrahamn , AlJudaibi Ramzi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
Scleral rupture is a rare but significant complication that can occur due to multiple risk factors. In this report, we discuss two instances of scleral perforation that happened during a silicone oil injection and after a peribulbar injection. Our study suggests that prior ocular surgery is a further risk factor for intraoperative scleral rupture, and more investigation is required to identify additional relevant risk factors that weaken the sclera.
Parent’s Awareness of Preventive Measures for Digital Eye Strain Syndrome among Saudi Students after 1 Year of Online Studies – A Survey
Authors: AlHarkan Dora H. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:

PURPOSE:
The digital eye strain (DES) is of public health magnitude in students undertaking online studies during the COVID-19 pandemic. The DES prevention strategies will be effective if all stakeholders, including parents, work together. We present an awareness level of preventive measures among parents of students studying online for 1 year.

METHODS:
This web-based survey was held in December 2021. Parents of Saudi students in the Qassim region responded to 15 questions about the preventive measures for DES. The responses were summed up and graded into very poor, poor, good, and excellent. The level of awareness was associated with determinants.

RESULTS:
The awareness was excellent in 566 of 704 (80.4%) (95% confidence interval 77.5–83.3) participants. Parents had poor awareness about the importance of the 20-20-20 rule (43.8%), frequent blinking (56.7%), using digital devices beyond studies (57.4%), using eye lubricants while using a digital device (56%), and using devices at night in lying position (69.6%). Excellent awareness was significantly associated with primary-level students (P = 0.0004), those having ophthalmic consultation in the past (P = 0.02), and students with DES (P = 0.0006). Parents with excellent awareness were not satisfied with online studies of their wards (P = 0.001).

CONCLUSION:
Awareness of parents about preventive measures to address DES in students is relatively high. However, health promotion is recommended, especially focusing on the weak areas to improve DES and its impact on students.
Single Low-dose Suprachoroidal Triamcinolone Acetonide Injection in Macular Edema Secondary to Noninfectious Posterior Uveitis
Authors: Anand Abhishek , Sinha Shivani , Gupta Abhishek , Shree Srishtee , Ambasta Anita , Sinha Bibhuti P. , Azad Rajvardhan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:

PURPOSE:
The purpose was to study the anatomical and functional outcome following single low-dose suprachoroidal triamcinolone acetonide (LD-SCTA) (2 mg) injection in noninfectious posterior uveitis.

METHODS:
Eleven patients with macular edema (ME) more than 280 μ secondary to noninfectious uveitis were included in the study. A single LD-SCTA (0.5 ml) injection was performed in the study eye with the help of a novel suprachoroidal microneedle (Pricon, Iscon Surgicals, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India). The study parameters were noted at 4 and 12 weeks post LD-SCTA injection.

RESULTS:
Ten of 11 patients had a significant decrease in central macular thickness (CMT). The mean CMT measurement at baseline was 513.6 ± 191.73 μm for the 10 patients who responded to the treatment, which reduced significantly to 265.1 ± 34.72 μm (P < 0.003) and 260.6 ± 34.72 μm (P < 0.002) at 4 and 12 weeks, respectively. The mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at baseline was 0.84 ± 0.41 logMAR unit which improved to 0.52 ± 0.33 (P < 0.001) and 0.25 ± 0.22 (P < 0.000) at weeks 4 and 12, respectively. The mean intraocular pressure at baseline recorded was 16.36 ± 2.97 mmHg, 19.45 ± 4.80 mmHg (P = 0.06) at 4 weeks, and 17.27 ± 2.53 mmHg (P = 0.35) at 12 weeks. One eye which did not respond to LD-SCTA was a case of recurrent Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada disease.

CONCLUSION:
Single LD-SCTA injection is efficacious in reducing CMT in ME, improving BCVA, and controlling the inflammation in noninfectious posterior uveitis. LD-SCTA can be used as a first-line therapy in noninfectious uveitis over other routes of steroid administration with a favorable outcome and safety profile.
Lung cancer screening for never smokers: current evidence and future directions
Authors: See Kay Choong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Screening for lung cancer using low-dose computed tomography is an established means for early lung cancer detection in smokers, but the role of screening for never smokers is unclear. In the 13 lung cancer screening studies involving unselected never smokers, detection rates ranged from 0.1% to 1.1% and positive predictive values ranged from 0.4% to 4.5%. In three lung cancer screening studies involving selected never smokers, selection was based primarily on occupational asbestos exposure, environmental radon exposure and family history of lung cancer in first-degree relatives. Detection rates ranged from 0.3% to 2.6%, and positive predictive values ranged from 0.7% to 15%. Also, 80%–100% of lung cancer cases discovered by screening were early stage, with limited data suggesting survival benefit. Lung cancer screening for never smokers with selected risk factors may achieve detection rates similar to those of screening for high-risk ever smokers. However, further research on optimal subject selection, alternative screening methods and clinical/economic outcomes is needed.