bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The homogenization of China's city flowers and city trees
Authors: Cheng Zhuo , Wu Ziyi , Chen Weizhe , Li Wenxuan , Lin Chen , Zhang Qing , Long Chunlin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Cultural homogeneity, similar to the loss biodiversity, is a significant global issue that is increasingly gaining attention. City flowers and city trees (CFTs) serve as emblematic cultural symbols of modern cities, often referred to as the ‘green business card’. While many cities have established CFTs in recent decades, there are instances of inconsistencies and irrationalities in the selection process. This study conducts a statistical analysis of CFTs in prefecture‐level cities in China, detailing their distribution, species diversity, historical evolution, establishment reason and applications.

China has designated city flowers for 270 cities and city trees for 256 cities, employing over 75 kinds of city flowers and 94 species of city trees. The top 10 plants selected as city flowers represent 66.7% of all designated city flowers, while the top 10 plants chosen as city trees account for 60.5% of all designated city trees.

The main reasons for the establishing CFTs are culture and landscape. It is noteworthy that in cities where CFTs are implemented for reasons that remain unclear, they constitute 20.4% and 26.6%, respectively.

It has been determined that most of the CFTs are used for urban greening, with 80% of the city's flowers, and 84% of the city's trees being used.

Our study highlights the high level of species homogeneity among CFTs in China and identifies the lack of clarity in the rationale behind their selection in many cities. The study provides recommendations to address these issues and offers insights for cities that have yet to determine their CFTs.

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Pivotal role of venous blood gas analysis in the detection of metabolic acidosis due to laxative abuse in an anorexia nervosa patient: A case report
Authors: Miwa Satoshi , Ishida Takuto , Mizuno Masafumi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundAnorexia nervosa has the highest mortality rate of any psychiatric disorder, and purging behaviors can cause a fatal electrolyte and acid–base imbalance. Routine laboratory testing during inpatient care is essential because these patients often provide inaccurate information about their diet and purging behaviors. However, blood gas analysis for an acid–base evaluation is rarely performed in the psychiatric setting because psychiatrists are not accustomed to evaluating the results. This case highlights severe metabolic acidosis caused by excessive laxative use during inpatient care.Case PresentationA 62‐year‐old female patient was admitted with suspected anorexia nervosa. She had stringently controlled her weight since her 20s, initiating laxative use in her 30s. In her 60s, she was referred to our hospital for suspected anorexia nervosa. On admission, her body mass index was 11.0 kg/m². Persistent complaints of severe constipation prompted an escalation in her laxative regimen. Abdominal radiographs demonstrated marked gas retention, corroborating her complaint. On hospital day 84, she abruptly lost consciousness with watery fecal incontinence. Her venous blood gas analysis demonstrated hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis caused by bicarbonate loss secondary to diarrhea. After regaining consciousness, she explained that watery stools were her typical bowel pattern. Discontinuation of laxatives ameliorated her condition.ConclusionIn this case, venous blood gas analysis was pivotal in detecting metabolic acidosis resulting from excessive laxative use. Physiological changes due to purging can be better evaluated by incorporating venous blood gas analysis into routine assessment. Further clinical studies are required to validate its utility in managing anorexia nervosa.
Lessons Learned From Characterizing Long COVID Among US Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Lu Yun , Lindaas Arnstein , Izurieta Hector S. , Cozen Myrna , Menis Mikhail , Shi Xiangyu , Steele Whitney R. , Wernecke Michael , Chillarige Yoganand , Kelman Jeffrey A. , Forshee Richard A. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPurposeTo characterize long‐term effects of COVID‐19 among older adults (aged ≥ 65 years).MethodsThis retrospective descriptive study utilized Medicare Fee‐for‐Service beneficiaries' claims to characterize post‐COVID condition diagnosis code usage, long COVID (defined as post‐COVID condition diagnoses made ≥ 28 days after an initial COVID‐19 diagnosis) incidence, patient demographics, and concurrent diagnoses.ResultsDuring April 1, 2020 to May 21, 2022, 193 691 (0.6%) of 31 847 927 Medicare beneficiaries were diagnosed with post‐COVID conditions using ICD‐10‐CM diagnosis codes U09.9 and B94.8, regardless of prior COVID‐19 diagnosis. Post‐COVID condition diagnosis rate was higher among nursing home residents (18.7 per 1000 person‐years) than community‐dwelling beneficiaries (2.8). Among community‐dwelling beneficiaries with a post‐COVID condition diagnosis, 17.5% did not have any prior COVID‐19 diagnosis code U07.1 recorded. Among beneficiaries with COVID‐19 diagnosis, there were no significant sex, age, or race/ethnicity differences between those with post‐COVID conditions ≥ 28 days after COVID‐19 (i.e., long COVID) and those without post‐COVID conditions. Certain myopathies and interstitial pulmonary disease codes were disproportionately present concurrently with long COVID compared to COVID‐19.ConclusionsIn this large study of 32 million Medicare beneficiaries, we found approximately 194 000 post‐COVID condition diagnoses. Post‐COVID condition diagnosis rate was higher among nursing home residents, highlighting the substantial burden of COVID‐19 in this vulnerable population. Community‐dwelling beneficiaries were less likely to seek medical care for COVID‐19 events than nursing home residents, which may suggest differences in COVID‐19 severity and respiratory disease detection between these populations. Long COVID risk after COVID‐19 infection may be similar across demographic groups.
A proposed model for filler incorporation in polymer fluids in a twin‐screw extruder
Authors: Campbell Gregory A. , Wetzel Mark D. , Andersen Paul , Spalding Mark A. , Chen Alisa , Golba Joseph 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTwin‐screw (T/S) extruders are used in the plastics, food, and other industries to perform a variety of critical tasks, or unit operations. Key steps in a modular barrel and screw configuration include solid transport, melting, filler incorporation, filler dispersion and distribution, chemical reactions, degassing, and melt pumping. This paper focuses on the development of a new model to predict the incorporation of particulate fillers into a polymer fluid composite with the production of stable agglomerate aggregates. Since there are little data available in the literature, the model parameters developed are somewhat speculative. However, the predicted trends appear to be consistent with the authors experience with laboratory and industrial compounding processes. The authors recognize that when data becomes available, the model mechanism and parameters will likely need to be updated.Highlights
Model of dispersion of filler in co‐rotating twin‐screw extruder.
Compressed agglomerate development during polymer–filler composite production.
Effect of agglomerate particle–particle cohesive force on size reduction.
Comprehensive risk assessment approach for storage tank facilities against hazards including fire, explosion, and earthquake
Authors: Sari Ali , Öztürk Sezer 
Published: January 2025

AbstractStorage tank facilities hold significant importance for the industries, economies, and environments of countries. In the past, these facilities have suffered extensive damage due to one or more accidents or natural disasters occurring simultaneously, such as earthquakes, fires, explosions, terrorist attacks, tsunamis, forest fires, or toxic gas releases. In some cases, these incidents have resulted in loss of life and injuries, while in others, they have led to substantial economic losses. Thus, providing the safety of these facilities against various incidents and disasters and conducting comprehensive risk analyses are of paramount importance. In this study, a thorough literature review on various disaster/accident impacts on storage tank facilities was conducted, and analyses were performed under fire, explosion, and earthquake scenarios. The results obtained were then used to conduct risk calculations. The risk calculations separately examined scenarios with and without the inclusion of domino effects.
Chemical structure‐biological activity of 1,4‐naphthoquinone analogs as potential Aedes aegypti larvicides
Authors: Kim Seong Jong , Khan Md Imdadul H. , Estep Alden S. , Cantrell Charles L. , Le Hoang V. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackground1,4‐Naphthoquinone compounds have shown pesticidal activity against Aedes aegypti larvae, a key vector of diseases such as dengue and Zika. However, limited knowledge of their structure–activity relationships has hindered their optimization for pesticide development. This study investigates the structure–activity relationships of 1,4‐naphthoquinone, particularly 2‐hydroxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone and its derivatives.ResultsA series of 1,4‐naphthoquinones with modifications at the C‐2, C‐5, and C‐8 positions were synthesized and tested for larvicidal activities against Ae. aegypti. The presence of chlorine substituents at the C‐2 position significantly increased mosquito larval mortality. In contrast, 2‐hydroxy and 2‐methoxy groups were less effective, highlighting the importance of the C‐2 substituent in determining larvicidal activity. The compounds were tested on both pyrethroid‐susceptible Orlando 1952 (ORL1952) and permethrin‐resistant Puerto Rico (PR) strains of Ae. aegypti. While compound 1d exhibited the lowest median lethal concentration (LC50) against ORL1952 larvae, it showed minimal activity against the PR strain, which is resistant. The most promising compounds, 1 and 4a, showed LC50 values of 2.764 and 4.916 ppm in the ORL strain, and 2.548 and 4.878 ppm in the PR strain, respectively.ConclusionChlorine substitution at the C‐2 position of 1,4‐naphthoquinones enhances larvicidal activity against Ae. aegypti, while 2‐hydroxy and 2‐methoxy substitutions reduce efficacy. Certain compounds, such as 1 and 4a, show potential as broad‐spectrum agents effective against both susceptible and resistant strains of Ae. aegypti, highlighting their promise for further development as mosquito control agents. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Robust Sliding Mode Control for a Class of Gantry Crane System With Time‐Varying Disturbances
Authors: Zhang Jiayang , Wu Wei 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper proposes a sliding mode controller (SMC) to address the control problem of the gantry crane system affected by the time‐varying boundary disturbances. Through the application of Lagrangian‐Hamiltonian mechanics, the gantry crane system is modeled as a set of partial differential equations. Utilizing operator semigroup theory, it demonstrates that a closed‐loop system is well‐posed. By employing Lyapunov functional theory and extended Krasovskii‐LaSalles' invariance principle, the asymptotic stability is confirmed. To demonstrate the effectiveness and comparative advantages of the proposed control method, numerical contrast simulations are conducted. Furthermore, comparative experiments are conducted to validate the designed controller.
Breaking the Silence: Ending the Stigma Around Gender‐Based Violence
Authors: Edward Majani 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTGender‐based violence (GBV) remains a global epidemic, profoundly affecting the physical, psychological, and socio‐economic well‐being of survivors while perpetuating gender inequalities. Despite progress in addressing GBV, stigma continues to hinder effective prevention, response, and survivor support. Stigma, rooted in harmful cultural norms, victim‐blaming attitudes, and systemic gender biases, isolates survivors, discourages reporting, and perpetuates impunity for perpetrators. This article explores the multifaceted role of stigma in exacerbating GBV, its devastating consequences on individuals and communities, and the urgent need to dismantle it. Key strategies for ending stigma include challenging cultural norms through community engagement and storytelling, empowering survivors with safe spaces and leadership opportunities, educating communities to dispel myths and promote gender equality, and strengthening policies to ensure justice and comprehensive support. The article highlights the importance of collaboration among governments, NGOs, healthcare systems, media, and male allies in creating a stigma‐free environment. By fostering inclusive dialogue and sustained collective action, we can break the silence around GBV, empower survivors, and build a more equitable and violence‐free society.
Multiple Imputation for Longitudinal Data: A Tutorial
Authors: Wijesuriya Rushani , Moreno‐Betancur Margarita , Carlin John B. , White Ian R. , Quartagno Matteo , Lee Katherine J. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTLongitudinal studies are frequently used in medical research and involve collecting repeated measures on individuals over time. Observations from the same individual are invariably correlated and thus an analytic approach that accounts for this clustering by individual is required. While almost all research suffers from missing data, this can be particularly problematic in longitudinal studies as participation often becomes harder to maintain over time. Multiple imputation (MI) is widely used to handle missing data in such studies. When using MI, it is important that the imputation model is compatible with the proposed analysis model. In a longitudinal analysis, this implies that the clustering considered in the analysis model should be reflected in the imputation process. Several MI approaches have been proposed to impute incomplete longitudinal data, such as treating repeated measurements of the same variable as distinct variables or using generalized linear mixed imputation models. However, the uptake of these methods has been limited, as they require additional data manipulation and use of advanced imputation procedures. In this tutorial, we review the available MI approaches that can be used for handling incomplete longitudinal data, including where individuals are clustered within higher‐level clusters. We illustrate implementation with replicable R and Stata code using a case study from the Childhood to Adolescence Transition Study.
Modulating Electronic Spin State of Perovskite Fluoride by Ni─F─Mn Bond Activating the Dynamic Site of Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Yang Shuang , Chen Jiaqin , Li Rong , Wang Xin , Sun Zemin , Lin Liu , Yue Wenbo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractEstablishing the relationship between catalytic performance and material structure is crucial for developing design principles for highly active catalysts. Herein, a type of perovskite fluoride, NH4MnF3, which owns strong‐field coordination including fluorine and ammonia, is in situ grown on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and used as a model structure to study and improve the intrinsic catalytic activity through heteroatom doping strategies. This approach optimizes spin‐dependent orbital interactions to alter the charge transfer between the catalyst and reactants. As a result, the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity of NH4MnF3 on CNTs is significantly enhanced by partial substitution of Mn sites with Ni, such as a half‐wave potential (E1/2) of 0.86 V and a limiting current density of 5.26 mA cm−2, which are comparable to those of the commercial Pt/C catalysts. Experimental and theoretical calculations reveal that the introduction of Ni promotes lattice distortion, adjusts the electronic states of the active Mn centers, facilitates the transition from low‐spin to intermediate‐spin states, and shifts the d‐band center closer to the Fermi level. This study establishes a novel approach for designing high‐performance perovskite‐based fluoride electrocatalysts by modulating spin states.
Single‐Step Production of Doubly Re‐entrant Microstructures Through Reaction‐Diffusion Photolithography for Omniphobic Surfaces
Authors: Bae Hyung Han , Kim Jong Bin , Lee Hwan‐Young , Kim Shin‐Hyun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOmniphobic surfaces, which repel virtually any liquid regardless of its wettability, have been developed using doubly re‐entrant microstructures. Although various microfabrication techniques have been explored, these often require multiple complex steps. In this study, reaction‐diffusion photolithography (RDP) is used to fabricate micropost arrays with doubly re‐entrant geometries through a single‐step ultraviolet (UV) exposure process. To create a doubly re‐entrant structure consisting of a central, elongated micropost topped with a short ridge, a photomask featuring a circular window surrounded by a narrow ring‐shaped window is employed. This configuration is utilized in the RDP process, which relies on radical polymerization. Vertical growth of the structure from the photomask is achieved by introducing strong UV attenuation along the vertical axis, enabled by increasing the photoinitiator concentration. Concurrently, the growth of the ridge is slowed down by designing the ring window with minimal dimensions. This promotes rapid oxygen diffusion into the ring region, where the radicals generated by UV exposure are consumed through reactions with oxygen, thereby delaying the polymerization. This approach enables precise fabrication of full‐length central microposts with short ridges in a single step. The resulting doubly re‐entrant structures show high contact angles across various liquids and exhibit robust omniphobic performance.
Ni Single Atoms/Fe3N Nanoparticles Supported by N‐Doped Carbon Hollow Nanododecahedras with Nanotubes on the Surface for Efficient Electro‐Reduction of CO2 to CO
Authors: Zhan Qi‐Ni , Zhang Hong , Huang Chen‐Jin , Xu Hui‐Min , Shuai Ting‐Yu , Zhu Hong‐Rui , Li Gao‐Ren 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe transition metal single atoms (SAs)‐based catalysts with M‐NX coordination environment have shown excellent performance in electrocatalytic reduction of CO2, and they have received extensive attention in recent years. However, the presence of SAs makes it very difficult to efficiently improve the coordination environment. In this paper, a method of direct high‐temperature pyrolysis carbonization of ZIF‐8 adsorbed with Ni2+ and Fe2+ ions is reported for the synthesis of Ni SAs and Fe3N nanoparticles (NPs) supported by the N‐doped carbon (NC) hollow nanododecahedras (HNDs) with nanotubes (NTs) on the surface (Ni SAs/Fe3N NPs@NC‐HNDs‐NTs). The synergistic effect between Ni SAs and Fe3N NPs can obviously improve the proton‐coupled electron transfer step of CO2 reduction reaction and promotes the process of electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO. The fabricated Ni SAs/Fe3N NPs@NC‐HNDs‐NTs exhibits a high CO selectivity of up to 94% in the potential range of −0.41–−0.81 V versus Reversible Hydrogen Electrode (vs RHE), and an optimal CO Faraday efficiency (FECO) of ≈97.31% at −0.68 V (vs RHE) in the reduction reaction CO2 to CO. In the theoretical calculation results, due to the non‐bonding synergy effect between Ni SAs and Fe3N NPs, the free energy of *COOH formation is greatly reduced and the adsorption of *CO is obviously improved, which will efficiently promote the conversion between the intermediates in the reaction step and accelerate electro‐reduction process of CO2. This work will provide a new method for constructing a mutually optimized coordination environment between Ni SAs and Fe3N NPs to improve the catalytic performance of CO2RR by synergistic complementarity between the dual active sites.
Water‐Deficient Interface Induced via Hydrated Eutectic Electrolyte with Restrictive Water to Achieve High‐Performance Aqueous Zinc Metal Batteries
Authors: Luo Ping , Wang Yuyuan , Zhang Wenwei , Huang Zhen , Chao Feiyang , Yuan Yuxin , Wang Yipeng , He Yufan , Yu Gongtao , Zhu Dongyao , Wang Zhaoyang , Tang Han , An Qinyou 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe development of aqueous zinc metal batteries (AZMBs) is hampered by dendrites and side reactions induced by reactive H2O. In this study, a hydrated eutectic electrolyte with restrictive water consisting of zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate (Zn(OTf)2), 1,3‐propanediol (PDO), and water is developed to improve the stability of the anode/electrolyte interface in AZMBs via the formation of a water‐deficient interface. Additionally, PDO participates in the Zn2+ solvation structure and inhibits the movement of water molecules. PDO also preferentially adsorbs along the Zn (100) plane, thereby inducing the formation of the organic/inorganic SEI layer that enables the cycle life of a Zn//Zn symmetric cell to reach 3000 h at 1 mA cm−2 and 1 mAh cm−2. Further, interfacial modulation by the eutectic electrolyte improves the cycling stability of Zn//V2O5 and Zn//VO2 cells. Particularly, the specific capacity of a Zn//V2O5 cell with the eutectic electrolyte is 1.7 times that of a cell with the 2M Zn(OTf)2 electrolyte, with a capacity retention of 93% after 100 cycles at 0.5 A g−1. This study provides a new perspective on the electrolyte modification strategies for AZMBs, highlighting the potential of PDO‐8 electrolyte in developing aqueous energy storage devices with excellent cycling stability.
Effects of CuO nanoparticles on the physical and functional properties of biodegradable polymer‐based composites for biomedical and flexible packaging applications
Authors: Ragab H. M. , Diab N. S. , Aziz Rosilah Ab , Elneim Eshraga Abdallah Ali , Alghamdi Azzah M. , Tarabiah A. E. , Farea M. O. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study explores the development of biodegradable nanocomposites using HPMC, PVA, and CMC, incorporated with copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles, aiming to create sustainable packaging materials with improved antimicrobial properties. CuO nanoparticles were synthesized via a chemical precipitation method and integrated into the polymer blend through a casting technique. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the monoclinic crystal structure of CuO and the semi‐crystalline nature of the polymer blends. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed interactions between the host polymers and CuO nanoparticles. Optical tests showed that the addition of CuO nanoparticles reduced both the direct (Egd) and indirect (Egi) energy gaps. Electrical conductivity measurements indicated an increase in conductivity with higher CuO concentrations, attributed to enhanced charge carrier mobility and reduced crystallinity. Contact angle measurements indicated decreased hydrophobicity as CuO concentration increased, suggesting improved biocompatibility. Cell viability tests on HFB4 fibroblast cells demonstrated a significant increase in cell viability, with the highest value observed at 5.0 wt% CuO, indicating favorable biocompatibility for biomedical applications. Moreover, antimicrobial testing revealed significant inhibition against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria, with a stronger effect on Gram‐positive strains. These results highlight the potential of CuO nanoparticles in enhancing the properties of HPMC/PVA/CMC blends, offering promising applications for biodegradable packaging materials, electronic devices, and biomedical fields.Highlights
Biodegradable HPMC/PVA/CMC films enhanced using CuO for eco‐friendly use.
CuO nanoparticles improved optical and electrical properties by reducing band gaps.
Enhanced antimicrobial activity observed against Gram‐positive bacteria.
Biocompatibility confirmed, with 5.0 wt% CuO showing the best performance.
Developed films are promising for biomedical uses and sustainable packaging.