bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Older adults’ knowledge and perception of fall risk and prevention: a scoping review
Authors: Alfaro Hudak Katelin M , Adibah Nada , Cutroneo Erin , Liotta Madeleine , Sanghera Anmol , Weeks-Gariepy Tracy , Strunz Eric , Rein David B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Falls are a leading cause of injury and mortality among older adults. While multiple strategies are effective at reducing fall risk, uptake is low. Understanding how older adults think about fall risk and prevention activities can inform outreach initiatives and engagement.

Methods
We systematically searched PubMed, SCOPUS and Google Scholar for articles published between January 2015 and April 2023. Studies were eligible if they reported on knowledge or perception of fall risk and/or prevention among community-dwelling older adults.

Results
We included 53 studies from 20 different countries. Over half of the studies used qualitative methods, 19 used quantitative, and three used mixed methods. Most of the older adults could identify some fall risk factors and the consequences of falls. However, many older adults did not view themselves as at-risk for falls. Some older adults consider falls an inevitable part of ageing, while others believe that falls can be prevented. Cultural context may play a role in shaping these beliefs. Several studies reported on older adults’ experiences and the perceived barriers and facilitators of participating in fall prevention activities.

Conclusion
Improving the accuracy of older adults’ perceptions of their own fall risk and highlighting the fact that many falls are preventable are two key messages that may help motivate older adults to take action to prevent falls. Older adults cite their healthcare provider as a trusted source of prevention information, and clinicians can leverage this opportunity to inform and motivate older adult patients about fall prevention.
TaxaHFE: a machine learning approach to collapse microbiome datasets using taxonomic structure
Authors: Oliver Andrew , Kay Matthew , Lemay Danielle G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Motivation
Biologists increasingly turn to machine learning models not just to predict, but to explain. Feature reduction is a common approach to improve both the performance and interpretability of models. However, some biological datasets, such as microbiome data, are inherently organized in a taxonomy, but these hierarchical relationships are not leveraged during feature reduction. We sought to design a feature engineering algorithm to exploit relationships in hierarchically organized biological data.

Results
We designed an algorithm, called TaxaHFE, to collapse information-poor features into their higher taxonomic levels. We applied TaxaHFE to six previously published datasets and found, on average, a 90% reduction in the number of features (SD = 5.1%) compared to using the most complete taxonomy. Using machine learning to compare the most resolved taxonomic level (i.e. species) against TaxaHFE-preprocessed features, models based on TaxaHFE features achieved an average increase of 3.47% in receiver operator curve area under the curve. Compared to other hierarchical feature engineering implementations, TaxaHFE introduces the novel ability to consider both categorical and continuous response variables to inform the feature set collapse. Importantly, we find TaxaHFE’s ability to reduce hierarchically organized features to a more information-rich subset increases the interpretability of models.

Availability and implementation
TaxaHFE is available as a Docker image and as R code at https://github.com/aoliver44/taxaHFE.
Real-time guidance by deep learning of experienced operators to improve the standardization of echocardiographic acquisitions
Authors: Sabo Sigbjorn , Pasdeloup David , Pettersen Hakon Neergaard , Smistad Erik , Østvik Andreas , Olaisen Sindre Hellum , Stølen Stian Bergseng , Grenne Bjørnar Leangen , Holte Espen , Lovstakken Lasse , Dalen Havard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Aims
Impaired standardization of echocardiograms may increase inter-operator variability. This study aimed to determine whether the real-time guidance of experienced sonographers by deep learning (DL) could improve the standardization of apical recordings.

Methods and results
Patients (n = 88) in sinus rhythm referred for echocardiography were included. All participants underwent three examinations, whereof two were performed by sonographers and the third by cardiologists. In the first study period (Period 1), the sonographers were instructed to provide echocardiograms for the analyses of the left ventricular function. Subsequently, after brief training, the DL guidance was used in Period 2 by the sonographer performing the second examination. View standardization was quantified retrospectively by a human expert as the primary endpoint and the DL algorithm as the secondary endpoint. All recordings were scored in rotation and tilt both separately and combined and were categorized as standardized or non-standardized. Sonographers using DL guidance had more standardized acquisitions for the combination of rotation and tilt than sonographers without guidance in both periods (all P ≤ 0.05) when evaluated by the human expert and DL [except for the apical two-chamber (A2C) view by DL evaluation]. When rotation and tilt were analysed individually, A2C and apical long-axis rotation and A2C tilt were significantly improved, and the others were numerically improved when evaluated by the echocardiography expert. Furthermore, all, except for A2C rotation, were significantly improved when evaluated by DL (P &lt; 0.01).

Conclusion
Real-time guidance by DL improved the standardization of echocardiographic acquisitions by experienced sonographers. Future studies should evaluate the impact with respect to variability of measurements and when used by less-experienced operators.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier
NCT04580095
Income and food insecurity among SNAP recipients: a consideration of the SNAP benefit formula
Authors: Wei Min-Fang , Gundersen Craig 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) has substantially reduced food insecurity in the USA, but almost half of the participants remain food insecure. We use the 2018 Survey of Income and Program Participation to examine the relationship between food insecurity and two components of benefit determination—gross income and deductions. For all SNAP recipients, in most specifications, gross income is inversely related to food insecurity, and deductions are positively correlated with food insecurity. When examining policy-relevant sub-categories, households with a senior or someone with a disability have positive associations between food insecurity and deductions, suggesting possible changes in benefit construction.
Exposing the small protein load of bacterial life
Authors: Simoens Laure , Fijalkowski Igor , Van Damme Petra 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The ever-growing repertoire of genomic techniques continues to expand our understanding of the true diversity and richness of prokaryotic genomes. Riboproteogenomics laid the foundation for dynamic studies of previously overlooked genomic elements. Most strikingly, bacterial genomes were revealed to harbor robust repertoires of small open reading frames (sORFs) encoding a diverse and broadly expressed range of small proteins, or sORF-encoded polypeptides (SEPs). In recent years, continuous efforts led to great improvements in the annotation and characterization of such proteins, yet many challenges remain to fully comprehend the pervasive nature of small proteins and their impact on bacterial biology. In this work, we review the recent developments in the dynamic field of bacterial genome reannotation, catalog the important biological roles carried out by small proteins and identify challenges obstructing the way to full understanding of these elusive proteins.
Construction of a high-density genetic map for yardlong bean and identification of ANT1 as a regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis
Authors: Zhang Hongmei , Zhang Wei , Meng Shan , Hui Linchong , Liu Xiaoqing , Chen Wei , Yan Wei , Chen Xin , Chen Huatao 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Because its long, tender pods supply essential proteins, vitamins, and fibers to humans, yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis) is a commonly consumed vegetable, especially in Southeast Asia. To provide insights into the genetic bases of key agricultural traits in yardlong bean, we here created a high-density bin-map with 2084 bin markers using 514 227 SNPs from a recombinant-inbred line (RIL) population. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping was carried out to identify loci associated with anthocyanin content (ANT), vitamin E content (VE), total soluble protein content (TSP), pod length (PL), hundred-seed weight (HSW), seed length and width (SL and SW, respectively), and seed coat color (SCC). In total, 20 related QTLs were isolated, explaining 7.58–56.03% of the phenotypic variation. Of these, five major QTLs (qANT5, qTSP11, qVE7, qPL3, and qSCC9) were detected in 2020, 2021, and the combined environment, explaining 11.96–56.03% of the phenotypic variation. VuANT1 was identified as a causal gene for the QTL qANT5, which regulated anthocyanin content; VuANT1 was highly expressed in immature purple pods but barely detectable in white pods. VuANT1 overexpression in tobacco leaves and yardlong bean hairy roots resulted in purple coloration as a result of anthocyanin accumulation. These findings suggested that VuANT1 was a key regulator of anthocyanin accumulation in yardlong bean. Our results lay a firm foundation for target agricultural trait improvement and clarification of the genetic mechanisms underlying agricultural traits in yardlong bean.
Early Intestinal Ultrasound Predicts Clinical and Endoscopic Treatment Response and Demonstrates Drug-Specific Kinetics in Moderate-to-Severe Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: de Voogd Floris A , Bots Steven J , van Wassenaer Elsa A , de Jong Maria , Pruijt Maarten J , D’Haens Geert R , Gecse Krisztina B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Intestinal ultrasound (IUS) is an emerging modality in monitoring disease activity in ulcerative colitis (UC). Here, we aimed to identify early IUS predictors of treatment response as evaluated by endoscopy and assessed the kinetics of IUS changes.

Methods
This prospective, longitudinal study included UC patients with endoscopic disease activity (endoscopic Mayo score [EMS] ≥2) starting anti-inflammatory treatment. Clinical scores, biochemical parameters and IUS were assessed at baseline (W0), at week 2 (W2), at W6(W6), and at the time of second endoscopy (W8-W26). Per colonic segment, endoscopic remission (EMS = 0), improvement (EMS ≤1), response (decrease in EMS ≥1), and clinical remission (Lichtiger score ≤3) were assessed and correlated with common IUS parameters. Additionally, drug-specific responsiveness of bowel wall thickness (BWT) was assessed.

Results
A total of 51 patients were included and followed, and 33 patients underwent second endoscopy. BWT was lower from W6 onward for patients reaching endoscopic improvement (3.0 ± 1.2 mm vs 4.1 ± 1.3 mm; P = .026), remission (2.5 ± 1.2 mm vs 4.1 ± 1.1 mm; P = .002), and clinical remission (3.01 ± 1.34 mm vs 3.85 ± 1.20 mm; P = .035). Decrease in BWT was more pronounced in endoscopic responders (−40 ± 25% vs −4 ± 28%; P = .001) at W8 to W26. At W6, BWT ≤3.0 mm (odds ratio [OR], 25.13; 95% confidence interval, 2.01-3.14; P = .012) and color Doppler signal (OR, 0.35; 95% confidence interval, 0.14-0.88; P = .026) predicted endoscopic remission and improvement, respectively. Submucosal layer thickness at W6 predicted endoscopic remission (OR, 0.09; P = .018) and improvement (OR, 0.14; P = .02). Furthermore, BWT decreased significantly at W2 for infliximab and tofacitinib and at W6 for vedolizumab.

Conclusions
BWT and color Doppler signal predicted endoscopic targets already after 6 weeks of treatment and response was drug specific. IUS allows close monitoring of treatment in UC and is a surrogate marker of endoscopy.
Durability of Cross-Neutralizing Antibodies 5.5 Months After Bivalent Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Booster
Authors: Rössler Annika , Knabl Ludwig , Netzl Antonia , Bante David , Borena Wegene , von Laer Dorothee , Smith Derek J , Kimpel Janine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We analyzed neutralizing antibodies in samples from ancestral + BA.1 and ancestral + BA.4/5 boosted individuals, collected around 5.5 months after booster. Titers of neutralizing antibodies generally decreased compared to a time point early after the bivalent booster immunization. This was more pronounced for individuals without infection history and for recently emerged Omicron variants.
High Risk of New HPV Infection Acquisition Among Unvaccinated Young Men
Authors: Giuliano Anna R , Palefsky Joel M , Goldstone Stephen E , Dubin Brady , Saah Alfred , Luxembourg Alain , Velicer Christine , Tota Joseph E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
International data on anogenital HPV infection incidence among men are limited.

Methods
Incidence of incident-persistent (IP) anogenital HPV infections was evaluated among 295 men who have sex with men (MSM) and 1576 heterosexual men (HM) aged 16–27 years in the placebo arm of a global, multicenter 4-valent (4v) HPV vaccine trial. We estimated IP incidence (penile/scrotal, perineal/perianal, anal) for 4vHPV and 9-valent (9v) HPV vaccine types and cumulative IP incidence over 36 months.

Results
IP infection incidence per 100 person-years (95% CI) among HM for 4vHPV and 9vHPV types was 4.1 (3.5–4.9) and 6.8 (5.9–7.6) at penile/scrotal, and 1.2 (.8–1.6) and 1.9 (1.5–2.4) at perineal/perianal sites, respectively; and among MSM, IP infection incidence was 2.3 (1.3–3.8) and 3.2 (2.0–4.9) at penile/scrotal, 6.8 (4.9–9.2) and 9.0 (6.9–11.6) at perineal/perianal, and 12.0 (9.4–15.1) and 16.8 (13.7–20.2) at anal sites, respectively. Cumulative IP incidence over 36 months (excluding anal canal; any 9vHPV type) was higher among MSM versus HM (24.1% vs 18.4%).

Conclusions
A substantial proportion of unvaccinated men of catch-up vaccination age developed IP 9vHPV-related infections. Gender-neutral vaccination could decrease male HPV infection, contribute to herd protection, and reduce disease burden.
Clinical Trials Registration. NCT00090285.
Immunosuppressive Ability of Trichinella spiralis Adults Can Ameliorate Type 2 Inflammation in a Murine Allergy Model
Authors: Shi Wenjie , Xu Qinwei , Liu Yan , Hao Zhili , Liang Yue , Vallée Isabelle , You Xihuo , Liu Mingyuan , Liu Xiaolei , Xu Ning 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
There is an increase in the global incidence of allergies. The hygiene hypothesis and the old friend hypothesis reveal that helminths are associated with the prevalence of allergic diseases. The therapeutic potential of Trichinella spiralis is recognized; however, the stage at which it exerts its immunomodulatory effect is unclear.

Methods
We evaluated the differentiation of bone marrow–derived macrophages stimulated with T spiralis excretory-secretory products. Based on an ovalbumin-induced murine model, T spiralis was introduced during 3 allergy phases. Cytokine levels and immune cell subsets in the lung, spleen, and peritoneal cavity were assessed.

Results
We found that T spiralis infection reduced lung inflammation, increased anti-inflammatory cytokines, and decreased Th2 cytokines and alarms. Recruitment of eosinophils, CD11b+ dendritic cells, and interstitial macrophages to the lung was significantly suppressed, whereas Treg cells and alternatively activated macrophages increased in T spiralis infection groups vs the ovalbumin group. Notably, when T spiralis was infected prior to ovalbumin challenge, intestinal adults promoted proportions of CD103+ dendritic cells and alveolar macrophages.

Conclusions
T spiralis strongly suppressed type 2 inflammation, and adults maintained lung immune homeostasis.
Economic Sanctions by Non-Democracies: A Study of Cases from China and Russia
Authors: Whang Taehee , Paik Wooyeal 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Do political institutions matter in explaining how economic sanctions are used? The current understanding of sanctions imposed by non-democratic sender countries is limited in the literature, as existing theories predominantly focus on the behaviors and strategies of democratic sender countries, leaving a notable gap in systematic comprehension. Using the existing dataset on sanctions, we theoretically and empirically distinguished characteristics of sanctions by non-democracies in terms of their motivating issues, types, and objectives. We also assessed our arguments based on recent data on Chinese and Russian sanctions since 2005 and a case illustration of China's de facto sanctions on South Korea for the Terminal High Altitude Area Defense deployment beginning in 2017.
Political Theology and International Relations: From History to Emancipation
Authors: Bain William 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This article elaborates an account of political theology that is both historical and critical in orientation. Whereas the historical dimension excavates theological antecedents that inform the vocabulary of international relations, the critical dimension illuminates incoherence in accepted ways of thinking and speaking about the subject. The article develops these distinct, though complementary, modes of argument to illustrate what political theology contributes to the study of international relations. Part one situates the historical mode within the broader discourse of political theology, followed in part two by a consideration of the marginal place of political theology in international relations scholarship. Part three re-reads the exception—extraordinary action that contravenes established legal or moral order—to illustrate what is at stake when analogies between divine and human deviate from the theological original. This, in turn, unlocks in part four a critical project that subverts the ubiquitous contrast between irrational (religious) belief and rational (secular) unbelief and the privilege it asserts. Political theology conceived along these lines breaks free of the parochialism of the present by denaturalizing a matrix of international relations knowledge that is anything but natural.
Exogenous salicylic acid induces defense responses in tea plants against Toxoptera aurantii (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Jiang Wenbin , Lu Changhao , Fan Jinjuan , Wu Mengyang , Chen Wenlong , Zhao Degang , Niu Suzhen , He Yingqin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Toxoptera aurantii is one of the most destructive pests, threatening the yield and quality of tea plantations. The salicylic acid (SA)-mediated signaling pathway is vital for the induction of plant defense responses; however, its role in tea plant resistance to T. aurantii remains unclear. Thus, this study used and electrical penetration graph and monitoring of population dynamics to evaluate the effects of exogenous SA application on T. aurantii feeding behavior and population growth in tea seedlings. Moreover, the effects of SA treatment on the activities of defense-related enzymes were analyzed. Probe counts and the duration of xylem sap ingestion were significantly higher in SA-treated plants than those in the control group. The total duration of passive phloem ingestion was significantly decreased in 0.5 mmol/l SA-treated plants, and the application of 0.5, 1, and 4 mmol/l SA significantly inhibited T. aurantii population growth. In addition, the activities of polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase were significantly increased in the 0.5 mmol/l SA-treated plants. Overall, this study demonstrates the capacity of exogenous SA to activate defense responses against T. aurantii. These results have crucial implications for understanding the mechanisms of enhanced resistance, thereby providing a sustainable approach for managing T. aurantii.
Susceptibility of northern corn rootworm (Diabrotica barberi) populations to Cry3Bb1 and Gpp34/Tpp35Ab1 proteins in seedling and diet overlay toxicity assays
Authors: Pereira Adriano E , Huynh Man P , Paddock Kyle J , Geisert Ryan W , Calles Torrez Veronica , Knodel Janet J , Moellenbeck Daniel J , Reinders Jordan D , Meinke Lance J , Schneider Sharon K , Coudron Thomas A , Shelby Kent S , Hibbard Bruce E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The northern corn rootworm, Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is a major pest of maize in the United States Corn Belt. Recently, resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) maize was reported in North Dakota and increased use of Bt maize hybrids could facilitate resistance evolution in other maize-producing states. In this study, susceptibility to Bt proteins was evaluated in wild D. barberi populations from 8 fields collected in 5 different states (Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Iowa, and North Dakota). Field populations were compared to a susceptible D. barberi colony in seedling and diet toxicity assays conducted with 3 concentrations of Cry3Bb1 (0.4, 4.0, and 40.0 µg/cm2) and Gpp34/Tpp35Ab1 (previously called Cry34/35Ab1; 1.4, 14.0, and 140.0 µg/cm2). The 2019 population from Meeker Co., Minnesota (MN-2019), exhibited the lowest mortality to Cry3Bb1 and also had nominally lowest mortality to Gpp34/Tpp35Ab1 at the highest concentrations tested in diet toxicity assays. Percent second instar was also highest for larvae of the Minnesota population surviving Cry3Bb1. In seedling assays, MN and IA-2018 populations exhibited the highest proportion survival and dry weight to both proteins expressed in corn. No significant differences in mortality, percent second instar, and dry weight were observed at the highest concentration for both proteins among the populations collected in in 2020. Most D. barberi populations were still highly susceptible to Cry3Bb1 and Gpp34/Tpp35Ab1 proteins based on diet and seedling assays, but resistance appears to be developing in some D. barberi populations. Now that methods are available, resistance monitoring may also be needed for D. barberi in some regions.
Congestion and scheduling preferences of car commuters in California: estimates using big data
Authors: Kim Jinwon , Moon Jucheol 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This article estimates commuters’ scheduling utility function, which comprises the disutility of arriving at work earlier or later than desired (namely, the schedule-delay cost) and the disutility of travel time. The marginal rate of substitution (MRS) between the schedule delay and the travel time is about 0.85, meaning that commuters are willing to accept an extra schedule delay of about 1.2 time units (the reciprocal of 0.85) to reduce their travel time by 1 unit. For most travelers, the slope of the travel-time profile is much smaller than the estimated slope of the indifference curve (MRS). Based on our theoretical framework, where commuters choose a trip timing based on their travel-time profiles, our empirical results imply that commuters tend to arrive around their desired times bearing a small schedule-delay cost.