bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ameliorating salt stress in tomato by a top‐down approach of acclimatizing the rhizosphere microbiome
Authors: Pradhan Salila , Bhattacharjee Annapurna , Dubey Shubham , Sharma Shilpi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSoil salinization adversely impacts plant and soil health. While amendment with chemicals is not sustainable, the application of bioinoculants suffers from competition with indigenous microbes. Hence, microbiome‐based rhizosphere engineering, focussing on acclimatization of rhizosphere microbiome under selection pressure to facilitate plant growth, exhibits promise. This study aimed to acclimatize a salt‐susceptible tomato cultivar to high salt concentration through a microbiome‐based top‐down approach of rhizosphere engineering. Multiple passaging of the rhizosphere microbiome of the cultivar was performed for twelve plant growth cycles in the presence of increasing salt stress. The rhizosphere microbiome of the phenotypically best‐grown plant under stress was transferred as inoculum to the next plant growth cycle. Plant growth attributes and stress marker levels were assessed, expression levels of plant salt stress‐responsive genes were examined, and the bacterial community composition in the initial and final plant growth cycles was analysed. Rhizosphere microbiome inoculation promoted plant growth under increasing salt concentrations. Stress markers were reduced in plants inoculated with an acclimatized microbiome, while the root architecture was enhanced, indicating salt tolerance. The salt stress‐responsive genes were downregulated in salt‐treated plants, whereas upregulation of these genes was observed upon microbiome inoculation. The relative abundance of Exiguobacterium, Arthrobacter, and Lysobacter was higher in microbiome‐treated plants under salt stress compared to the salt‐treated plants without microbiome inoculation. The strategy of acclimatizing the rhizosphere microbiome of a salt‐susceptible tomato cultivar was successfully implemented for stress amelioration and plant growth promotion, thereby offering a sustainable means with immense potential for application in other crops.
Assessment of cold resistance in tobacco varieties using JIP‐test parameters and seedling growth
Authors: Xie Rong‐Rong , Wu Shengxin , Huang Wei‐Lin , Luo Yaxin , Lin Jinbin , Cheng Yazhi , Lu Jianjun , Yu Wen , Chen Songbiao , Li Wenqing , Chen Li‐Song 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCold stress (CS) is a significant natural hazard, and distinguishing between plant cold resistance and sensitivity is critical for cultivar breeding and the development of germplasm resources. This study used 205 tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) varieties from around the world to investigate the changes in the chlorophyll a fluorescence (OJIP) transients, JIP‐test parameters, and seedling growth caused by seven days of CS (5°C) treatment. Their cold resistance was assessed using the cold‐resistant coefficient, derived from the relative growth rate of shoots, damage scores, and JIP‐test parameters. The results showed that total electron carriers per reaction center (Sm) and relative variable fluorescence at the I‐step (VI) were better indicators of cold resistance than maximum quantum yield of photochemistry at t = 0 (Fv/Fm), which was widely used to assess plant cold resistance. Next, the study examined the effects of CS and subsequent recovery on OJIP transients, JIP‐test parameters, and seedling growth in two highly resistant (HR) and two highly sensitive (HS) varieties to confirm the reliability of the assessment methods. The results indicated that HR varieties experienced less photoinhibitory damage to photosystem II, exhibited lower growth inhibition during CS, and showed better recovery during the recovery period compared to HS varieties. These findings suggested that the JIP‐test parameters could serve as a reliable tool for assessing tobacco cold resistance and aid in selecting varieties with enhanced resilience to CS.
Unravelling OsPHT2;1 function in Chloroplast Phosphorus Homeostasis and Photosynthetic Efficiency under Low Phosphorus Stress in Rice
Authors: Lu Shanshan , Xu Xiaoming , Wu Yongzhen , Ye Jun , Wu Linyan , Nie Miaomiao , Sun Shubin , Jing Wen , Cho Hui‐kyong , Rouached Hatem , Zheng Luqing 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPhosphorus (P) deficiency is a critical factor limiting crop productivity, primarily due to its detrimental effects on photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation. In this study, we investigate the role of the rice gene OsPHT2;1 in mediating chloroplast P homeostasis and its subsequent impact on photosynthetic function under low P conditions. Stomatal conductance is typically positively correlated with net photosynthetic rates; however, P deficiency disrupts this relationship, leading to reduced stomatal opening and diminished photosynthetic efficiency. Our findings show that the OsPHT2;1 mutation leads to a decrease in the plastoquinone (PQ) pool size. This change is associated with altered stomatal conductance and modifications in electron transport dynamics, including an increase in the transmembrane proton gradient and a shift from linear to cyclic electron transport. This disruption significantly impairs the transport of photosynthetic products, particularly triose phosphates, essential for sucrose synthesis in the cytoplasm. Additionally, the reduced PQ pool influences the expression of key genes involved in photostability, highlighting the interplay between P homeostasis and photosynthetic regulation. By elucidating the mechanisms underlying OsPHT2;1's role in chloroplast function, our research underscores its significance in optimizing rice adaptation to low P environments, thereby enhancing crop resilience and productivity.
Inositol polyphosphates regulate resilient mechanisms in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to adapt to extreme nutrient conditions
Authors: Bedera‐García Rodrigo , García‐Gómez María Elena , Personat José María , Couso Inmaculada 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn the context of climate changing environments, microalgae can be excellent organisms to understand molecular mechanisms that activate survival strategies under stress. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii signalling mutants are extremely useful to decipher which strategies photosynthetic organisms use to cope with changeable environments. The mutant vip1‐1 has an altered profile of pyroinositol polyphosphates (PP‐InsPs), which are signalling molecules present in all eukaryotes and have been connected to P signalling in other organisms including plants, but their implications in other nutrient signalling are still under evaluation. In this study, we conducted prolonged starvation in WT and vip1‐1 Chlamydomonas cells. After N and P had been consumed, they showed important differences in the levels of chlorophyll, photosystem II (PSII) activity and ultrastructural morphology, including differences in the cell size and cell division. Metabolomic analysis under these conditions revealed an overall decrease in different organic compounds such as amino acids, including arginine and its precursors and tryptophan, which is considered a signalling molecule itself in plants. In addition, we observed significant differences in RNA levels of genes related to N assimilation that are under the control of the NIT2 transcription factor. These data are of important relevance in understanding the signalling role of PP‐InsPs in nutrient sensing, especially regarding N, which has not directly been connected to these molecules in green organisms before. Additionally, the PP‐InsPs regulation over cell size and photosynthesis supports novel strategies for the generation of resilient strains, expanding the biotechnological applications of green microalgae.
Do Vulnerable Citizens (Really) Perceive Higher Bureaucracy Costs? Testing a Key Claim of the Administrative Burden Framework
Authors: Vogel Rick , Dahlweg Anne , Hattke Fabian 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTA key claim of the administrative burden framework is that vulnerable citizens are more affected by administrative burden than others. We test this assumption using the life events survey in Germany, an official data record covering more than 10,000 administrative encounters involving more than 5000 citizens. We find support only for the psychological costs of perceived discrimination, whereas neither compliance nor learning costs are positively associated with vulnerability. On the contrary, some vulnerable groups perceive significantly lower learning and compliance costs. Post hoc analyses suggest that these groups might feel less exposed to bureaucracy because they use fewer sources of information. Further, the results also indicate that citizens' tolerance toward burden decreases with every additional administrative encounter and that previous research has missed an important distinction between absolute and relative burden.
The Impact of Emergencies on Corruption Risks: Italian Natural Disasters and Public Procurement
Authors: Fazekas Mihaly , Nishchal Shrey , Soreide Tina 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTTheory and case studies suggest that emergencies and disasters increase corruption, especially in public procurement, hampering relief and reconstruction efforts. Despite a growing interest in the topic, including in research, there is still little systematic evidence about these effects, their structure and trajectories. We set out to investigate the medium‐term impact of disasters on corruption risks, using large‐scale administrative data on public tenders in Italy from 2007 to 2020, combined with data on 5 natural disasters. We employ logistic regression, coarsened exact matching and difference‐in‐differences estimators. We find that disasters increase corruption risks in the medium‐term (3 or more years after the disaster), even more than on the short term (1 year after the disaster). In the matched and diff‐in‐diff analyses, we find 3%–10% points more non‐open procedures used, 19%–21% points fewer call for tenders published, 19%–29% points more tenders with short advertisement period and 14%–17% points more single bidding tenders. Our findings highlight the importance of ring‐fencing corruption risks associated with disaster response, especially in the medium to long term.
Symmetry Analysis of the Two‐Dimensional Stationary Magnetogasdynamics Equations With Coriolis Force in Lagrangian Coordinates
Authors: Kaptsov E. I. , Meleshko S. V. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe paper focuses on symmetry analysis of the two‐dimensional stationary magnetogasdynamics equations with Coriolis force in Lagrangian coordinates. This involves the identification of equivalence transformations and the Lie algebra admitted by the equations, and its extensions for various forms of magnetic fields and Coriolis parameter, as well as the construction of group foliations. A considerable part of the work is devoted to group foliations of the magnetogasdynamics equations, extending to the nonstationary isentropic case. The group foliations' approach is typically applied to equations admitting infinite‐dimensional groups of transformations, thereby facilitating the simplification of their subsequent analysis. The results obtained in this study generalize previously known findings for the two‐dimensional shallow water equations and stationary gas dynamics equations in Lagrangian coordinates. Utilizing the constructed group foliations, invariant solutions are derived for particular forms of the entropy, illustrating the potential for further investigation in this area.
Effects of an Online Theory‐Based Educational Programme for Primiparous Women on Improving Breastfeeding‐Related Outcomes: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Wong Mei Sze , Chien Wai Tong 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of a theory‐based, Real‐time‐online Education and Support with Telephone follow‐ups (REST) programme for primiparous women on their breastfeeding outcomes over 6 months postpartum.Study DesignRandomised controlled trial.MethodsConvenience sampling was used to recruit 150 low‐risk primiparous mothers, and then they were randomly assigned into intervention and control groups by computerised block randomisation. Participants received a 3‐month real‐time online educational and support programme across antepartum and postpartum period or usual care only (75 mothers per group). Primary outcomes were exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) rate and breastfeeding self‐efficacy (BSE); and secondary outcomes were predominant and partial breastfeeding rate, formula feeding rate, mothers' postnatal depression score, infant's morbidity, and EBF duration at 2 and 6 months postpartum, as well as breastfeeding initiation rate.ResultsThen, 72 of 75 mothers (96%) successfully completed the REST programme. They had a significantly higher EBF rate, longer EBF duration, and greater increase in BSE, when compared to the control group at the two posttests (except the EBF rate at 6 months postpartum). Overall, the REST was highly valued by all participants on providing detailed useful information and regular postnatal follow‐ups with prompt and practical advice.ConclusionsThe REST effectively improved BSE and EBF duration of the primiparous participants over 6 months postpartum and EBF rate at 2 months postpartum. With strong commendations from primiparous mothers, the REST with prenatal and postnatal online breastfeeding support to these mothers can be offered to address breastfeeding and infant‐care needs.Implications for Patient CareThe findings indicate that the REST conducted from prenatal to 2 months postpartum can be feasible and useful to provide adequate breastfeeding education and support in current maternal care setting under limited staff and resources. Online platforms can be used for future antenatal breastfeeding talks.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04741425
In utero exposure to experimental maternal asthma alters fetal airway development in sheep
Authors: Hammond Sarah J. , Roff Andrea J. , Robinson Joshua L. , Darby Jack R. T. , Meakin Ashley S. , Clifton Vicki L. , Bischof Robert J. , Stark Michael J. , Wallace Megan J. , Tai Andrew , Morrison Janna L. , Gatford Kathryn L. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe mechanisms linking maternal asthma (MA) exposure in utero and subsequent risk of asthma in childhood are not fully understood. Pathological airway remodelling, including reticular basement membrane thickening, has been reported in infants and children who go on to develop asthma later in childhood. This suggests altered airway development before birth as a mechanism underlying increased risk of asthma in children exposed in utero to MA. We hypothesised that in utero MA exposure would reduce airway diameter and increase airway‐associated smooth muscle area and reticular basement membrane thickness in neonatal offspring. Experimental MA was induced by maternal sensitisation followed by airway challenges with house dust mite before and during pregnancy. Lambs from control (n = 16) or MA (n = 26) ewes were delivered at ∼140 days gestation (term = 150 days), ventilated for 45 min, then humanely killed. Left lungs were inflation‐fixed, and cross‐sections of generation 2–5 airways were collected. Airway sections were stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin, Masson's Trichrome and Gordon and Sweet's histological stains for morphological analysis. Lamb body and lung weights were similar between groups (P > 0.5 and P > 0.7, respectively). Lambs that were exposed to MA had narrower airway diameters (P = 0.019) and thinner reticular basement membrane (P = 0.016) but similar airway‐associated smooth muscle area (P = 0.152) compared with unexposed control lambs. Our results demonstrate a potential mechanism for increased risk of asthma in children of mothers with asthma, independent of genetic risk or behavioural changes during pregnancy.
Technical Stroke Regulations Discriminate Pacing Effectiveness During a 5-km Indoor Pool Race
Authors: Bouvet Antoine , Pla Robin , Nicolas Guillaume , Bideau Nicolas 
Published: January 2025

Purpose: To investigate technical regulation mechanisms of long-distance swimmers that differentiate optimal pacing strategies and the underlying kinematic parameters. Methods: Twenty-one national and international swimmers were equipped with a sacrum-worn inertial measurement unit performed during 5000-m indoor French championships. Percentage of critical swimming speed (CSS), stroke rate, stroke length, jerk cost, stroke index, and mechanical proficiency score were computed by lap. Athletes were divided into groups of pacing effectiveness based on optimal potential performance level (OPPL)—optimal (nearOPPL) and suboptimal (farOPPL)—using functional clustering of percentage of the CSS. Race sections were analyzed with a change-in-slope detection method. Common stroke-regulation abilities and deviations by pacing groups were profiled by fitting hierarchical generalized additive models between mechanical variables and laps. Results: The 2 clusters were discriminated by percentage of the CSS sustainment (P < .01). Optimal performers showed a +41.4% more stable pacing (2 race sections vs 3 for farOPPL) and a +36.7% higher end spurt, with a trend combining higher overall stroke rate (P = .08) with lower jerk cost (P = .17). Functional profiles showed that maintaining a higher stroke length and stroke index in a fatigued state, rather than overall values, allows the swinner to reach OPPL (P < .001). High regulation of mechanical proficiency score across the race, in line with pacing expectations of particular race sections, is a game changer to sustain CSS (P < .001). Conclusions: Specific profiles of stroke regulations, regarding tradeoff between stroke smoothness and resultant speed, lead to optimal pacing during the 5000-m. The results of this study enhance the technical understanding of optimal pacing in long-distance pool races for coaches and swimmers.
Intensive care unit acquired weakness and physical rehabilitation in the ICU
Authors: Hiser Stephanie L , Casey Kelly , Nydahl Peter , Hodgson Carol L , Needham Dale M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Approximately half of critically ill adults experience intensive care unit acquired weakness (ICUAW). Patients who develop ICUAW may have negative outcomes, including longer duration of mechanical ventilation, greater length of stay, and worse mobility, physical functioning, quality of life, and mortality. Early physical rehabilitation interventions have potential for improving ICUAW; however, randomized trials show inconsistent findings on the efficacy of these interventions. This review summarizes the latest evidence on the definition, diagnosis, epidemiology, pathophysiology, risks factors, implications, and management of ICUAW. It specifically highlights research gaps and challenges, with considerations for future research for physical rehabilitation interventions.
Monitoring for 5-aminosalicylate nephrotoxicity in adults with inflammatory bowel disease: prognostic model development and validation using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink
Authors: Abhishek Abhishek , Nakafero Georgina , Card Tim , Taal Maarten W , Grainge Matthew J , Aithal Guruprasad P , Mallen Christian D , Stevenson Matthew D , Riley Richard D 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveTo develop and validate a prognostic model for risk-stratified monitoring of 5-aminosalicylate nephrotoxicity.MethodsThis UK retrospective cohort study used data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum and Gold for model development and validation respectively. It included adults newly diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease and established on 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) treatment between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2019. Drug discontinuation associated with 5-ASA nephrotoxicity defined as a prescription gap of ≥90 days with decline in kidney function was the outcome. Patients prescribed 5-ASAs for ≥6 months were followed-up for up to 5 years. Penalised Cox regression was used to develop the risk equation with bootstrapping for internal validation and optimism adjustment. Model performance was assessed in terms of calibration and discrimination.Results13 728 and 7318 participants who contributed 40 378 and 20 679 person-years follow-up formed the development and validation cohorts with 170 (1.2%) and 98 (1.3%) outcome events respectively. Nine predictors were included in the final model, including chronic kidney disease stage 3 and hazardous alcohol use as strong predictors. Age and Body Mass Index were weak predictors. The optimism-adjusted calibration slope, C and D statistics in the development and validation data were 0.90, 0.64 and 0.98, and 1.01, 0.66 and 0.94 respectively.ConclusionThis prognostic model used information from routine clinical care and performed well in an independent validation cohort. It can be used to risk-stratify blood test monitoring during established 5-ASA treatment. A key limitation is that the decline in kidney function could have been due to factors other than 5-ASA nephrotoxicity.
Healthy lifestyle before and during pregnancy to prevent childhood obesity: study protocol for a parallel group randomised trial — the PRE-STORK trial
Authors: Kornerup Nina , Danielsen Julie Hagstrøm , Sahl Ronni Eg , Pico Majken Lillholm , Johansen Mette Yun , Knop Filip K , Bønnelykke Klaus , Bergholt Thomas , Kelstrup Louise , Foghsgaard Signe , Ghauri Nida , Grønlund Emilie , Lund Lærke , Vinter Christina Anne , Lyng Forman Julie , Barrès Romain , Kragelund Nielsen Karoline , Andersen Andreas , Torekov Signe S , Groth Grunnet Louise , Vilsbøll Tina 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionThe global prevalence of people living with overweight has tripled since 1975 and more than 40% of Danish women enter pregnancy being overweight. With the increasing rates of obesity observed in children, adolescents and adults, there is an urgent need for preventive measures. Risk factors for childhood obesity include maternal overweight or obesity before conception and excessive weight gain during pregnancy. Interventions aimed at modifying maternal lifestyle during pregnancy have demonstrated minimal positive or no impact on the health of the children. The ‘healthy lifestyle before and during pregnancy to prevent childhood obesity — the PRE-STORK trial’ aims to provide insights into the effect of a lifestyle intervention initiated before conception and continued during pregnancy in women with overweight or obesity, on neonatal adiposity in their children.Methods and analysisIn this randomised, two-arm, parallel-group, controlled trial, we will include 360 women with overweight or obesity (aged 18–40; body mass index 25–44 kg/m2) and their partners. The women will be randomised to receive either standard of care or a lifestyle intervention focused on preconception body weight reduction, regular physical exercise, healthy diet and support from a mentorbeforeandduringpregnancy. The primary outcome is the difference in neonatal adiposity measured in their children at birth. Children conceived during the trial will constitute a birth cohort, monitoring the effects on their health until the age of 18 years.Ethics and disseminationThe trial has been approved by the Regional Committee on Health Research Ethics in the Capital Region of Denmark (identification number H-22011403) and will be conducted in agreement with the Declaration of Helsinki. All results, whether positive, negative and inconclusive, will be disseminated at national or international scientific meetings and in peer-reviewed scientific journals.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov:NCT05578690(October 2022).