bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Refined Modeling of Geoeffective Fast Halo CMEs During Solar Cycle 24
Authors: Yordanova E. , Temmer M. , Dumbović M. , Scolini C. , Paouris E. , Werner A. L. E. , Dimmock A. P. , Sorriso‐Valvo L. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe propagation of geoeffective fast halo coronal mass ejections (CMEs) from solar cycle 24 has been investigated using the European Heliospheric Forecasting Information Asset (EUHFORIA), ENLIL, Drag‐Based Model (DBM) and Effective Acceleration Model (EAM) models. For an objective comparison, a unified set of a small sample of CME events with similar characteristics has been selected. The same CME kinematic parameters have been used as input in the propagation models to compare their predicted arrival times and the speed of the interplanetary (IP) shocks associated with the CMEs. The performance assessment has been based on the application of an identical set of metrics. First, the modeling of the events has been done with default input concerning the background solar wind, as would be used in operations. The obtained CME arrival forecast deviates from the observations at L1, with a general underestimation of the arrival time and overestimation of the impact speed (mean absolute error [MAE]: 9.8 ± 1.8–14.6 ± 2.3 hr and 178 ± 22–376 ± 54 km/s). To address this discrepancy, we refine the models by simple changes of the density ratio (dcld) between the CME and IP space in the numerical, and the IP drag (γ) in the analytical models. This approach resulted in a reduced MAE in the forecast for the arrival time of 8.6 ± 2.2–13.5 ± 2.2 hr and the impact speed of 51 ± 6–243 ± 45 km/s. In addition, we performed multi‐CME runs to simulate potential interactions. This leads, to even larger uncertainties in the forecast. Based on this study we suggest simple adjustments in the operational settings for improving the forecast of fast halo CMEs.
Long‐Term Variability and Trends in Snow Depth and Cover Days Throughout Iranian Mountain Ranges
Authors: Sadeqi Amin , Irannezhad Masoud , Bahmani Shadi , Jelodarlu Kurosh Azad , Varandili Seyyed Alireza , Pham Quoc Bao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn Iran, the mountain snow cover generally feeds major rivers and thereby largely provides water resources required for improving human lives and protecting nature. Hence, understanding historical variability and trends in mountainous snowpack water resources in Iran in response to global warming and climate change can play a critical role in the sustainable development of this country. Accordingly, this study investigated long‐term (1982–2018) snowpack climatology at 13 hydrometeorological measurement stations scattered throughout the Iranian mountain ranges, with a focus on Elburz, Azerbaijan, Zagros, and Khorasan mountainous regions. The non‐parametric Mann‐Kendall test was used to detect statistically significant (p < 0.05) trends, the Pettitt test to identify possible abrupt shift years, the Pearson's correlation coefficient to measure relationships among different time series, and the partial correlation to determine the most important climate factor influencing snowpack dynamics The annual snow depth (maximum snow depth) significantly declined throughout Iranian mountain ranges during 1982–2018, with an average rate of 1.0 (3.4) cm decade−1. The annual snow cover days (SCDs) also showed significant decreasing trends, ranging from 3 to 15 days decade−1 during 1982–2018, in 69% of the stations studied. Such considerable reductions in snow depth and cover days were mainly related to the compound effects of substantial increases in temperature, sunshine, and wind speed as well as decreases in precipitation and cloudiness during the SCDs across the Iranian mountain ranges. However, precipitation was the most influential climate factor controlling snow resources throughout both the Elburz and Zagros mountains in Iran.
Single photon emitter deterministically coupled to a topological corner state
Authors: Rao Mujie , Shi Fulong , Rao Zhixuan , Yang Jiawei , Song Changkun , Chen Xiaodong , Dong Jianwen , Yu Ying , Yu Siyuan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIncorporating topological physics into the realm of quantum photonics holds the promise of developing quantum light emitters with inherent topological robustness and immunity to backscattering. Nonetheless, the deterministic interaction of quantum emitters with topologically nontrivial resonances remains largely unexplored. Here we present a single photon emitter that utilizes a single semiconductor quantum dot, deterministically coupled to a second-order topological corner state in a photonic crystal cavity. By investigating the Purcell enhancement of both single photon count and emission rate within this topological cavity, we achieve an experimental Purcell factor of Fp = 3.7. Furthermore, we demonstrate the on-demand emission of polarized single photons, with a second-order autocorrelation function g(2)(0) as low as 0.024 ± 0.103. Our approach facilitates the customization of light-matter interactions in topologically nontrivial environments, thereby offering promising applications in the field of quantum photonics.
Associations between Social Adversity and Biomarkers of Inflammation, Stress, and Aging in Children
Authors: Pantell Matthew S. , Silveira Patricia P. , de Mendonça Filho Euclides José , Wing Holly , Brown Erika M. , Keeton Victoria F. , Pokhvisneva Irina , O’Donnell Kieran J. , Neuhaus John , Hessler Danielle , Meaney Michael J. , Adler Nancy E. , Gottlieb Laura M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Prior work has found relationships between childhood social adversity and biomarkers of stress, but knowledge gaps remain. To help address these gaps, we explored associations between social adversity and biomarkers of inflammation (interleukin-1β [IL-1β], IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α], and salivary cytokine hierarchical “clusters” based on the three interleukins), neuroendocrine function (cortisol, cortisone, dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone, and progesterone), neuromodulation (N-arachidonoylethanolamine, stearoylethanolamine, oleoylethanolamide, and palmitoylethanolamide), and epigenetic aging (Pediatric-Buccal-Epigenetic clock).

Methods
We collected biomarker samples of children ages 0–17 recruited from an acute care pediatrics clinic and examined their associations with caregiver-endorsed education, income, social risk factors, and cumulative adversity. We calculated regression-adjusted means for each biomarker and compared associations with social factors using Wald tests. We used logistic regression to predict being in the highest cytokine cluster based on social predictors.

Results
Our final sample included 537 children but varied based on each biomarker. Cumulative social adversity was significantly associated with having higher levels of all inflammatory markers and with cortisol, displaying a U-shaped distribution. There were no significant relationships between cumulative social adversity and cortisone, neuromodulation biomarkers or epigenetic aging.

Conclusion
Our findings support prior work suggesting that social stress exposures contribute to increased inflammation in children.

Impact
Our study is one of the largest studies examining associations between childhood social adversity and biomarkers of inflammation, neuroendocrine function, neuromodulation, and epigenetic aging. It is one of the largest studies to link childhood social adversity to biomarkers of inflammation, and the first of which we are aware to link cumulative social adversity to cytokine clusters. It is also one of the largest studies to examine associations between steroids and epigenetic aging among children, and one of the only studies of which we are aware to examine associations between social adversity and endocannabinoids among children. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT02746393
Severe neurological impairment and immune function: altered neutrophils, monocytes, T lymphocytes, and inflammasome activation
Authors: Allen John , Isaza-Correa Johana , Kelly Lynne , Melo Ashanty , Mahony Aoife , McDonald Denise , Molloy Eleanor J. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Infections cause significant morbidity and mortality in children with Severe Neurological Impairment (SNI). Alterations in immune cell numbers and function in children with neurodisability have been reported. We aimed to characterise neutrophil, monocyte and lymphocyte proportions and activation, at baseline and in response to stimulation with lipopolysaccharide, in children with SNI compared to healthy controls.

Methods
Whole blood samples of children with SNI and controls were incubated in the presence or absence of lipopolysaccharide (10 ng/ml). Monocyte and neutrophil function (Cluster of Differentiation (CD)11b, (TLR)-4 and CD66b expression) and lymphocytes were assessed by flow cytometry. Expression of genes involved in the inflammasome (NLR Family Pyrin Domain Containing(NLRP)-3, Apoptosis-Associated Speck-like protein (ASC) and Interleukin(IL)1β) were assessed by PCR.

Results
Monocytes and CD8+ T cells were lower in children with SNI (n = 14). CD66b, was hyporesponsive and monocyte TLR4 was hyperresponsive to lipopolysaccharide in children with SNI compared to controls (n = 14). NLRP3 expression was higher at baseline and IL1β expression was not upregulated in response to lipopolysaccharide in children with SNI in contrast to controls.

Conclusion
We have found significant differences in immune regulation in children with SNI compared to controls which may provide a useful therapeutic target in the future.

Impact

Children with SNI have reduced monocyte and CD8+ T cells.

Neutrophils and monocytes in children with SNI show altered markers of activation in response to lipopolysaccharide.

Expression of NLRP3 at the RNA level was higher at baseline in children with SNI.

This study adds to the existing literature that children with neurological impairment have altered inflammatory and immune cell responses.

This may provide a useful therapeutic target to reduce infection-related morbidity and mortality, and tertiary neurological injury in the future.
Attenuating human fear memory retention with minocycline: a randomized placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Xia Yanfang , Wehrli Jelena , Abivardi Aslan , Hostiuc Madalina , Kleim Birgit , Bach Dominik R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPavlovian fear conditioning is widely used as a pre-clinical model to investigate methods for prevention and treatment of anxiety and stress-related disorders. In this model, fear memory consolidation is thought to require synaptic remodeling, which is induced by signaling cascades involving matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9). Here we investigated the effect of the tetracycline antibiotic minocycline, an inhibitor of MMP-9, on fear memory retention. We conducted a pre-registered, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in N = 105 healthy humans (N = 70 female), using a configural fear conditioning paradigm. We administered a single dose of minocycline before configural fear memory acquisition and assessed fear memory retention seven days later in a recall test. To index memory retention, we pre-registered fear-potentiated startle (FPS) as our primary outcome, and pupil dilation as the secondary outcome. As control indices of memory acquisition, we analyzed skin conductance responses (SCR) and pupil dilation. We observed attenuated retention of configural fear memory in individuals treated with minocycline compared to placebo, as measured by our primary outcome. In contrast, minocycline did not affect fear memory acquisition or declarative contingency memory. Our findings provide in-vivo evidence for the inhibition of fear memory consolidation by minocycline. This could motivate further research into primary prevention, and given the short uptake time of minocycline, potentially also secondary prevention of PTSD after trauma.
METTL3 facilitates renal cell carcinoma progression by PLOD2 m6A-methylation under prolonged hypoxia
Authors: Chen Yimeng , He Yichen , Li Zhengsheng , Zhang Nan , Zhou Cuixing , He Xiaozhou , Xue Dong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractN6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent reversible modification in eukaryotic mRNA, and it plays a critical role in tumor progression. The purpose of this study was to investigate the function and regulatory mechanisms of the methyltransferase METTL3 in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). METTL3 expression was upregulated and predicted a poor prognosis in patients with advanced RCC. METTL3 facilitated the proliferation, migration, and invasion of RCC cells, depending on its methylase activity. METTL3 positively regulated the expression of PLOD2, and both genes were triggered under prolonged hypoxia. Mechanistically, hypoxia-induced the binding of HIF-1α to the METTL3 promoter, which enhanced its transcriptional activity. METTL3-mediated m6A modifications of PLOD2 mRNA at 3’UTR region, promoting the translation of PLOD2 protein. Furthermore, silencing METTL3 impaired RCC progression in vitro. In vivo, administration of highly potent and selective METTL3 inhibitor STM2457 showed anti-tumor effects, whereas AAV9-mediated re-transduction of PLOD2 largely abolished the above phenomenon in a subcutaneous mouse model. These findings reveal that hypoxia and HIF-driven METTL3 transcription promote RCC progression by increasing PLOD2 expression in an m6A-dependent manner, suggesting that METTL3 may serve as a novel pharmaceutical intervention for RCC.
NMDARs activation regulates endothelial ferroptosis via the PP2A-AMPK-HMGB1 axis
Authors: Han Wei-Min , Hong Yi-Xiang , Xiao Guo-Sheng , Wang Rui-Ying , Li Gang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractN-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are ligand-gated, voltage-dependent channels of the ionotropic glutamate receptor family. The present study explored whether NMDAR activation induced ferroptosis in vascular endothelial cells and its complicated mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. Various detection approaches were used to determine the ferroptosis-related cellular iron content, lipid reactive oxygen species (LOS), siRNA molecules, RNA-sequence, MDA, GSH, and western blotting. The AMPK activator Acadesine (AICAR), HMGB1 inhibitor glycyrrhizin (GLY), PP2A inhibitor LB-100, and NMDAR inhibitor MK801 were used to investigate the involved in vivo and in vitro pathways. The activation of NMDAR with L-glutamic acid (GLU) or NMDA significantly promoted cellular ferroptosis, iron content, MDA, and the PTGS2 expression, while decreasing GPX4 expression and GSH concentration in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), which was reversed by ferroptosis inhibitors Ferrostatin-1(Fer-1), Liproxstatin-1 (Lip-1), or Deferoxamine (DFO). RNA-seq revealed that ferroptosis and SLC7A11 participate in NMDA or GLU-mediated NMDAR activation. The PP2A-AMPK-HMGB1 pathway was majorly associated with NMDAR activation-induced ferroptosis, validated using the PP2A inhibitor LB-100, AMPK activator AICAR, or HMGB1 siRNA. The role of NMDAR in ferroptosis was validated in HUVECs induced with the ferroptosis activator errasin or RSL3 and counteracted by the NMDAR inhibitor MK-801. The in vivo results showed that NMDA- or GLU-induced ferroptosis and LOS production was reversed by MK-801, LB-100, AICAR, MK-801, and GLY, confirming that the PP2A-AMPK-HMGB1 pathway is involved in NMDAR activation-induced vascular endothelium ferroptosis. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated a novel role of NMDAR in endothelial cell injury by regulating ferroptosis via the PP2A-AMPK-HMGB1 pathway.
Upregulated hepatic lipogenesis from dietary sugars in response to low palmitate feeding supplies brain palmitate
Authors: Smith Mackenzie E. , Chen Chuck T. , Gohel Chiraag A. , Cisbani Giulia , Chen Daniel K. , Rezaei Kimia , McCutcheon Andrew , Bazinet Richard P. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPalmitic acid (PAM) can be provided in the diet or synthesized via de novo lipogenesis (DNL), primarily, from glucose. Preclinical work on the origin of brain PAM during development is scarce and contrasts results in adults. In this work, we use naturally occurring carbon isotope ratios (13C/12C; δ13C) to uncover the origin of brain PAM at postnatal days 0, 10, 21 and 35, and RNA sequencing to identify the pathways involved in maintaining brain PAM, at day 35, in mice fed diets with low, medium, and high PAM from birth. Here we show that DNL from dietary sugars maintains the majority of brain PAM during development and is augmented in mice fed low PAM. Importantly, the upregulation of hepatic DNL genes, in response to low PAM at day 35, demonstrates the presence of a compensatory mechanism to maintain total brain PAM pools compared to the liver; suggesting the importance of brain PAM regulation.
Broadband miniaturized spectrometers with a van der Waals tunnel diode
Authors: Uddin Md Gius , Das Susobhan , Shafi Abde Mayeen , Wang Lei , Cui Xiaoqi , Nigmatulin Fedor , Ahmed Faisal , Liapis Andreas C. , Cai Weiwei , Yang Zongyin , Lipsanen Harri , Hasan Tawfique , Yoon Hoon Hahn , Sun Zhipei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMiniaturized spectrometers are of immense interest for various on-chip and implantable photonic and optoelectronic applications. State-of-the-art conventional spectrometer designs rely heavily on bulky dispersive components (such as gratings, photodetector arrays, and interferometric optics) to capture different input spectral components that increase their integration complexity. Here, we report a high-performance broadband spectrometer based on a simple and compact van der Waals heterostructure diode, leveraging a careful selection of active van der Waals materials- molybdenum disulfide and black phosphorus, their electrically tunable photoresponse, and advanced computational algorithms for spectral reconstruction. We achieve remarkably high peak wavelength accuracy of ~2 nanometers, and broad operation bandwidth spanning from ~500 to 1600 nanometers in a device with a ~ 30×20 μm2 footprint. This diode-based spectrometer scheme with broadband operation offers an attractive pathway for various applications, such as sensing, surveillance and spectral imaging.
Human brain representations of internally generated outcomes of approximate calculation revealed by ultra-high-field brain imaging
Authors: Czajko Sébastien , Vignaud Alexandre , Eger Evelyn 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMuch of human culture’s advanced technology owes its existence to the ability to mentally manipulate quantities. Neuroscience has described the brain regions overall recruited by numerical tasks and the neuronal codes representing individual quantities during perceptual tasks. Nevertheless, it remains unknown how quantity representations are combined or transformed during mental computations and how specific quantities are coded in the brain when generated as the result of internal computations rather than evoked by a stimulus. Here, we imaged the brains of adult human subjects at 7 Tesla during an approximate calculation task designed to disentangle in- and outputs of the computation from the operation itself. While physically presented sample numerosities were distinguished in activity patterns along the dorsal visual pathway and within frontal and occipito-temporal regions, a representation of the internally generated result was most prominently detected in higher order regions such as angular gyrus and lateral prefrontal cortex. Behavioral precision in the task was related to cross-decoding performance between sample and result representations in medial IPS regions. This suggests the transformation of sample into result may be carried out within dorsal stream sensory-motor integration regions, and resulting outputs maintained for task purposes in higher-level regions in a format possibly detached from sensory-evoked inputs.
Alkaline-based aqueous sodium-ion batteries for large-scale energy storage
Authors: Wu Han , Hao Junnan , Jiang Yunling , Jiao Yiran , Liu Jiahao , Xu Xin , Davey Kenneth , Wang Chunsheng , Qiao Shi-Zhang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAqueous sodium-ion batteries are practically promising for large-scale energy storage, however energy density and lifespan are limited by water decomposition. Current methods to boost water stability include, expensive fluorine-containing salts to create a solid electrolyte interface and addition of potentially-flammable co-solvents to the electrolyte to reduce water activity. However, these methods significantly increase costs and safety risks. Shifting electrolytes from near neutrality to alkalinity can suppress hydrogen evolution while also initiating oxygen evolution and cathode dissolution. Here, we present an alkaline-type aqueous sodium-ion batteries with Mn-based Prussian blue analogue cathode that exhibits a lifespan of 13,000 cycles at 10 C and high energy density of 88.9 Wh kg−1 at 0.5 C. This is achieved by building a nickel/carbon layer to induce a H3O+-rich local environment near the cathode surface, thereby suppressing oxygen evolution. Concurrently Ni atoms are in-situ embedded into the cathode to boost the durability of batteries.
Nisin lantibiotic prevents NAFLD liver steatosis and mitochondrial oxidative stress following periodontal disease by abrogating oral, gut and liver dysbiosis
Authors: Kuraji Ryutaro , Ye Changchang , Zhao Chuanjiang , Gao Li , Martinez April , Miyashita Yukihiro , Radaic Allan , Kamarajan Pachiyappan , Le Charles , Zhan Ling , Range Helene , Sunohara Masataka , Numabe Yukihiro , Kapila Yvonne L. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOral microbiome dysbiosis mediates chronic periodontal disease, gut microbial dysbiosis, and mucosal barrier disfunction that leads to steatohepatitis via the enterohepatic circulation. Improving this dysbiosis towards health may improve liver disease. Treatment with antibiotics and probiotics have been used to modulate the microbial, immunological, and clinical landscape of periodontal disease with some success. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the potential for nisin, an antimicrobial peptide produced by Lactococcus lactis, to counteract the periodontitis-associated gut dysbiosis and to modulate the glycolipid-metabolism and inflammation in the liver. Periodontal pathogens, namely Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia and Fusobacterium nucleatum, were administrated topically onto the oral cavity to establish polymicrobial periodontal disease in mice. In the context of disease, nisin treatment significantly shifted the microbiome towards a new composition, commensurate with health while preventing the harmful inflammation in the small intestine concomitant with decreased villi structural integrity, and heightened hepatic exposure to bacteria and lipid and malondialdehyde accumulation in the liver. Validation with RNA Seq analyses, confirmed the significant infection-related alteration of several genes involved in mitochondrial dysregulation, oxidative phosphorylation, and metal/iron binding and their restitution following nisin treatment. In support of these in vivo findings indicating that periodontopathogens induce gastrointestinal and liver distant organ lesions, human autopsy specimens demonstrated a correlation between tooth loss and severity of liver disease. Nisin’s ability to shift the gut and liver microbiome towards a new state commensurate with health while mitigating enteritis, represents a novel approach to treating NAFLD-steatohepatitis-associated periodontal disease.