bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective dopamine D2 receptor deletion from Nkx6.2 expressing cells causes impaired cognitive, motivation and anxiety phenotypes in mice
Authors: Bechelli Lucila , Tomasella Eugenia , Cardoso Sofia Lopez , Belmonte Martina , Gelman Diego M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAbnormal dopamine neurotransmission is a common trait of some psychiatric diseases, like schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Excessive dopaminergic tone in subcortical brain regions is associated with psychotic episodes, while reduced prefrontal dopaminergic activity is associated with impaired cognitive performance and reduced motivation, among other symptoms. Inhibitory interneurons expressing the calcium binding protein parvalbumin are particularly affected in both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, as they set a fine-tuned physiological inhibitory/excitatory balance. Parvalbumin and somatostatin interneuron subtypes, are born from the medial ganglionic eminence and require the sequential expression of specific transcription factors for their specification, such as Nkx6.2. Here, we aimed at characterizing in detail interneuron subtypes derived from Nkx6.2 expressing progenitors by the generation of an Nkx6.2 Cre transgenic mouse line. We show that Nkx6.2 specifies over a third part of the total population of cortical somatostatin interneurons, preferentially at early developmental time points, whereas at late developmental stages, Nkx6.2 expressing progenitors shift to parvalbumin interneuron specification. Dopamine D2 receptor deletion from Nkx6.2 expressing progenitors causes abnormal phenotypes restricted to cognitive, motivation and anxiety domains. Our results show that Nkx6.2 have the potential to specify both somatostatin and parvalbumin interneurons in an opposite timed program and that DRD2 expression is required in Nkx6.2 expressing progenitors to avoid impaired phenotypes commonly associated to the pathophysiology of psychiatric diseases.
Machine learning framework for precise localization of bleached corals using bag-of-hybrid visual feature classification
Authors: Fawad  , Ahmad Iftikhar , Ullah Arif , Choi Wooyeol 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCorals are sessile invertebrates living underwater in colorful structures known as reefs. Unfortunately, coral’s temperature sensitivity is causing color bleaching, which hosts organisms that are crucial and consequently affect marine pharmacognosy. To address this problem, many researchers are developing cures and treatment procedures to restore bleached corals. However, before the cure, the researchers need to precisely localize the bleached corals in the Great Barrier Reef. The researchers have developed various visual classification frameworks to localize bleached corals. However, the performance of those techniques degrades with variations in illumination, orientation, scale, and view angle. In this paper, we develop highly noise-robust and invariant robust localization using bag-of-hybrid visual features (RL-BoHVF) for bleached corals by employing the AlexNet DNN and ColorTexture handcrafted by raw features. It is observed that the overall dimension is reduced by using the bag-of-feature method while achieving a classification accuracy of 96.20% on the balanced dataset collected from the Great Barrier Reef of Australia. Furthermore, the localization performance of the proposed model was evaluated on 342 images, which include both train and test segments. The model achieved superior performance compared to other standalone and hybrid DNN and handcrafted models reported in the literature.
Screening for a practical method to monitor the status of patients with metastatic bladder cancer at the circulating cell-gene level
Authors: Ogura Ryota , Ito Saya , Ueda Takashi , Gabata Yusuke , Sako Satoshi , Inoue Yuta , Yamada Takeshi , Konishi Hirotaka , Fujihara Atsuko , Ukimura Osamu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIdentifying a novel method to monitor metastatic bladder cancer status at the cell-gene level could lead to earlier appropriate therapeutic intervention and better outcomes. In this study, we evaluated a practical method to monitor the cancer status at the circulating cell-gene level before and after treatment in fourteen patients with metastatic bladder cancer who were indicated for systemic drug therapy. Patients were assessed via imaging before and after drug treatment, and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) analysis was performed to detect three parameters: cfDNA level, ERRB2 gene copy numbers, and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene mutations. We hypothesized that decreased cfDNA levels, a normal copy number of ERB-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (ERBB2), and the absence of the TERT C228T mutation indicate cancer suppression. We found that a > 1.8-fold increase in cfDNA levels, increased copy number of ERBB2, or the existence of the TERT C228T mutation indicated disease progression. Stable cfDNA levels, normal ERBB2 copy number, and the absence of TERT C228T mutations indicate a stable cancer status. Collectively, our results show that the combination of cfDNA concentration, TERT mutation, and ERBB2 copy number may be useful for determining the efficacy of drug therapy in patients with metastatic bladder cancer.
The correlation between GFR and unit renal volume in infants with hydronephrosis measured by two imaging methods
Authors: Guo Ke , Zhao Deshan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between GFR and unit renal volume in infants with congenital hydronephrosis measured by 99mTc-DMSA static renal imaging and ultrasonography. According to the classification of hydronephrosis, 38 infants aged 0–12 months with congenital hydronephrosis were divided into six groups: healthy kidney groups, mild hydronephrosis groups, and severe hydronephrosis groups. Within one week, all patients underwent ultrasound, diuretic dynamic renal imaging, static renal imaging and lateral imagings of both kidneys after static renal imaging respectively. Pediatric renal volume was calculated using the improved formula length × width × thickness × 0.674, and then the renal function in per unit volume (GFR/unit volume, ml/cm3) was obtained. All statistical analysis was done with SPSS Statistics version 24.0. The renal function in per unit volume was a minimum of 1.62 ml/cm3 in left healthy kidney in static renal imaging, but the renal function in per unit volume was a maximum value of 2.20 ml/cm3 in right healthy kidney in ultrasonography. There was a strong positive correlation observed between GFR and renal volume in left healthy kidney group and left and right kidneys with mild hydronephrosis groups (r = 0.865, r = 0.872, r = 0.822). A moderate positive correlation was found between GFR and renal volume in right healthy kidney group and left and right kidneys wih severe hydronephrosis groups (r = 0.783, r = 0.542, r = 0.798). GFR in per unit volume ranged from 1.62 to 2.20 ml/cm3 in healthy kidney, and was significantly higher in right kidney as compared to in left kidney, and also decreased with the progression of hydronephrosis.
A systematic review of the impacts of post-harvest handling on provitamin A, iron and zinc retention in seven biofortified crops
Authors: Huey Samantha L. , Konieczynski Elsa M. , Mehta Neel H. , Krisher Jesse T. , Bhargava Arini , Friesen Valerie M. , Mbuya Mduduzi N. N. , Monterrosa Eva C. , Nyangaresi Annette M. , Mehta Saurabh 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPost-harvest handling can affect micronutrient retention in biofortified crops through to the point of consumption. Here we conduct a systematic review identifying 67 articles examining the retention of micronutrients in conventionally bred biofortified maize, orange sweet potato, cassava, pearl millet, rice, beans and wheat. Provitamin A crops maintain high amounts compared with non-biofortified counterparts. Iron and zinc crops have more variability in micronutrient retention dependent on processing method; for maximum iron and zinc content, whole grain product consumption such as whole wheat flour or only slightly milled brown rice is beneficial. We offer preliminary suggestions for households, regulatory bodies and programme implementers to increase consumer awareness on best practices for preparing crops to maximize micronutrient content, while highlighting gaps in the literature. Our online, interactive Micronutrient Retention Dashboard (https://www.cpnh.cornell.edu/mn-retention-db) offers an at-a-glance view of the compiled minimum and maximum retention found, organized by processing method.
Developmental Trajectory of the Frequency-Following Response During the First 6 Months of Life
Authors: Ribas-Prats Teresa , Cordero Gaël , Lip-Sosa Diana Lucia , Arenillas-Alcón Sonia , Costa-Faidella Jordi , Gómez-Roig María Dolores , Escera Carles 
Published: November 2023

Purpose:

The aim of the present study is to characterize the maturational changes during the first 6 months of life in the neural encoding of two speech sound features relevant for early language acquisition: the stimulus fundamental frequency (
f
o
), related to stimulus pitch, and the vowel formant composition, particularly F
1
. The frequency-following response (FFR) was used as a snapshot into the neural encoding of these two stimulus attributes.

Method:
FFRs to a consonant–vowel stimulus /da/ were retrieved from electroencephalographic recordings in a sample of 80 healthy infants (45 at birth and 35 at the age of 1 month). Thirty-two infants (16 recorded at birth and 16 recorded at 1 month) returned for a second recording at 6 months of age.

Results:

Stimulus
f
o
and F
1
encoding showed improvements from birth to 6 months of age. Most remarkably, a significant improvement in the F
1
neural encoding was observed during the first month of life.

Conclusion:
Our results highlight the rapid and sustained maturation of the basic neural machinery necessary for the phoneme discrimination ability during the first 6 months of age.
Synthetic Access to 1,3-Butadiynes via Electro-redox Cuprous-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Csp–Csp Homocoupling of Terminal Acetylenes
Authors: Kathiresan Murugavel , Praveen Chandrasekar , Krishnan Murugan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHerein, we disclose the oxidative homocoupling of terminal alkynes under electrochemically generated cuprous catalysis. The scope of this protocol was established by preparing an array of structurally and electronically different 1,3-butadiyne derivatives. Good synthetic yields, functional group tolerance, oxidant-free conditions, and no cross-selectivity are some of the intrinsic advantages of this methodology. The developed chemistry features the electro-redox formation of copper acetylide, an intermediate appropriate for the Csp–Csp coupling step. The chemical state of copper in the acetylide intermediate was found to be Cu(I), as confirmed by click trapping experiments, cyclic voltammetry, EPR spectroscopy, and XPS. A competition reaction to determine the reactivity of electronically dissimilar acetylenes revealed that the product ratio is rather dependent on the electronic nature of the alkynyl substituents. To highlight the synthetic value of the products, selected diynes were subjected to chemical diversification.
Antegrade Continence Enema Alone for the Management of Functional Constipation and Segmental Colonic Dysmotility (ACE-FC): A Pediatric Colorectal and Pelvic Learning Consortium Study
Authors: Ahmad Hira , Smith Caitlin , Witte Amanda , Lewis Katelyn , Reeder Ron William , Garza Jose , Zobell Sarah , Hoff Kathleen , Durham Megan , Calkins Casey , Rollins Michael D. , Ambartsumyan Lusine , Rentea Rebecca Maria , Yacob Desale , Lorenzo Carlo Di , Levitt Marc A. , Wood Richard J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objective The purpose of the study was to determine if antegrade continence enema (ACE) alone is an effective treatment for patients with severe functional constipation and segmental colonic dysmotility.
Methods A retrospective study of patients with functional constipation and segmental colonic dysmotility who underwent ACE as their initial means of management. Data was collected from six participating sites in the Pediatric Colorectal and Pelvic Learning Consortium. Patients who had a colonic resection at the same time as an ACE or previously were excluded from analysis. Only patients who were 21 years old or younger and had at least 1-year follow-up after ACE were included. All patients had segmental colonic dysmotility documented by colonic manometry. Patient characteristics including preoperative colonic and anorectal manometry were summarized, and associations with colonic resection following ACE were evaluated using Fisher's exact test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test. p-Values of less than 0.05 were considered significant. Statistical analyses and summaries were performed using SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina, United States).
Results A total of 104 patients from 6 institutions were included in the study with an even gender distribution (males n = 50, 48.1%) and a median age of 9.6 years (interquartile range 7.4, 12.8). At 1-year follow-up, 96 patients (92%) were successfully managed with ACE alone and 8 patients (7%) underwent subsequent colonic resection for persistent symptoms. Behavioral disorder, type of bowel management, and the need for botulinum toxin administered to the anal sphincters was not associated with the need for subsequent colonic resection. On anorectal manometry, lack of pelvic floor dyssynergia was significantly associated with the need for subsequent colonic resection; 3/8, 37.5% without pelvic dyssynergia versus 1/8, 12.5% (p = 0.023) with pelvic dyssynergia underwent subsequent colonic resection.
Conclusion In patients with severe functional constipation and documented segmental colonic dysmotility, ACE alone is an effective treatment modality at 1-year follow-up. Patients without pelvic floor dyssynergia on anorectal manometry are more likely to receive colonic resection after ACE. The vast majority of such patients can avoid a colonic resection.
Students' Perception of a Virtual Dissection Laboratory in Undergraduate Anatomy and Physiology of Speech and Hearing: A Focus Group Study
Authors: Bush Erin J. , Jones Erika , Dietz Richelle , Kotlarek Katelyn J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHands-on laboratory experience that allows for manipulation of realistic and relevant materials in course curricula has been shown to improve students' learning, understanding, and critical thinking skills. The purpose of this study was to gain insight into the experiences of students who engaged in laboratory coursework using a virtual dissection (VD) table as part of an undergraduate course in anatomy and physiology of speech and hearing. Undergraduate students enrolled in an anatomy and physiology of speech and hearing course at a single university for the fall 2021 semester consented to participate. Nine students, divided into two focus groups, were encouraged to describe their experiences and perspectives about the VD table and corresponding laboratory assignments. Following verbatim transcription of the data, the authors conducted a thematic analysis. Five themes emerged from the body of data: (1) using the VD table, (2) completing the VD lab assignments, (3) preparation for laboratory sessions, (4) suggested modifications, and (5) enriched learning. Students believed using the VD table aided in a better understanding of course material than traditional methods. Moreover, they surmised that this method of learning, particularly for speech-language pathologists, may be superior to learning through models and cadavers.
An image mosaic technique with non-overlapping regions based on microscopic vision in precision assembly
Authors: Li Yawei , Wang Xiaodong , Wang Tao , Luo Yi 
Published: November 2023

Microscopic vision has been widely applied in precision assembly. To achieve sufficiently high resolution in measurements for precision assembly when the sizes of the parts involved exceed the field of view of the vision system, an image mosaic technique must be used. In this paper, a method for constructing an image mosaic with non-overlapping areas with enhanced efficiency is proposed. First, an image mosaic model for the part is created using a geometric model of the measurement system installed on a X-Y-Z precision stages with high repeatability, and a path for image acquisition is established. Second, images are captured along the same path for a specified calibration plate, and an entire image is formed based on the given model. The measurement results obtained from the specified calibration plate are utilized to identify mosaic errors and apply compensation for the part requiring measurement. Experimental results show that the maximum error is less than 4 μm for a camera with pixel equivalent 2.46 μm, thereby demonstrating the accuracy of the proposed method. This image mosaic technique with non-overlapping regions can simplify image acquisition and reduce the workload involved in constructing an image mosaic.
Dual-comb-based multi-axis time-of-flight measurement via high-efficiency optical cross-correlation in a semiconductor optical amplifier
Authors: Jang Jaeyoung , Kim Seung-Woo , Kim Young-Jin 
Published: November 2023

Absolute distance measurement for multiple targets is required in industrial and scientific fields such as machine monitoring, detection of distortion in large structures, wafer alignment in semiconductor manufacturing, and the formation flying of satellites. Furthermore, the expansion of measurement channels is essential for the effective application of multi-target measurement. However, because measurement channels' expansion requires high power, it is difficult due to the low conversion efficiency of conventional systems that use a non-linear crystal for optical cross-correlation. In this study, for measurement channel expansion, time-of-flight based absolute laser ranging via high-efficiency dual-comb cross-correlation using a semiconductor optical amplifier is developed. The semiconductor optical amplifier acts as a cross-correlator, and it can produce a cross-correlation signal with a laser’s power of 50 µW because of its very high conversion efficiency. This method is suitable for expanding the measurement channels and measuring non-cooperative targets as it can detect low-power signals. The repeatability of the distance measurement is 4 µm at a single shot (37 µs) and 120 nm for 5 ms. The linearity is assessed by evaluating the R-square, which is equal to 1 within the range of significant figures. Moreover, the distance measurement of targets lying on the two axes was demonstrated to ensure the measurement channels' expansion. This measurement system has the potential to determine multiple distances, making it applicable to diverse fields such as semiconductor manufacturing, smart factories, plant engineering, and satellite formation flying.
The perspective of topological photonics for on-chip terahertz modulation and sensing
Authors: Sun Yiwen , Mei Zhijie , Xu Xuejiao , Xie Qingxuan , Fan Shuting , Qian Zhengfang , Liu Xudong 
Published: November 2023

Terahertz (THz) technology has seen significant advancements in the past decades, encompassing both fundamental scientific research, such as THz quantum optics, and highly applied areas like sixth-generation communications, medical imaging, and biosensing. However, the progress of on-chip THz integrated waveguides still lags behind that of THz sources and detectors. This is attributed to issues such as ohmic losses in microstrip lines, coplanar and hollow waveguides, bulky footprints, and reflection and scattering losses occurring at sharp bends or defects in conventional dielectric waveguides. Inspired by the quantum Hall effects and topological insulators in condensed matter systems, recent discoveries of topological phases of light have led to the development of topological waveguides. These waveguides exhibit remarkable phenomena, such as robust unidirectional propagation and reflectionless behavior against impurities or defects. As a result, they hold tremendous promise for THz on-chip applications. While THz photonic topological insulators (PTIs), including wave division, multiport couplers, and resonant cavities, have been demonstrated to cover a wavelength range of 800–2500 nm, research on tunable THz PTIs remains limited. In this perspective, we briefly reviewed a few examples of tunable PTIs, primarily concentrated in the infrared range. Furthermore, we proposed how these designs could benefit the development of THz on-chip PTIs. We explore the potential methods for achieving tunable THz PTIs through optical, electrical, and thermal means. Additionally, we present a design of THz PTIs for potential on-chip sensing applications. To support our speculation, several simulations were performed, providing valuable insights for future THz on-chip PTI designs.
Purely single-bonded spiral nitrogen chains stabilized by trivalent lanthanum ions
Authors: Ding Chi , Yuan Jianan , Han Yu , Zhang Zhongwei , Jia Qiuhan , Wang Junjie , Sun Jian 
Published: November 2023

Inspired by the single-bonded nitrogen chains stabilized by tetravalent cerium, pentavalent tantalum, and hexavalent tungsten atoms, we explored the possibility of single-bonded nitrogen polymorphs stabilized by trivalent lanthanum ions. To achieve this, we utilized the crystal structure search method on the phase diagram of binary La–N compounds. We identified three novel thermodynamically stable phases, the C2/c LaN3, P-1 LaN4, and P-1 LaN8. Among them, the C2/c phase with infinite helical poly-N6 chains becomes thermodynamically stable above 50 GPa. Each nitrogen atom in the poly-N6 chain acquires one extra electron, and the spiral chain is purely single-bonded. The C2/c phase has an indirect band gap of ∼1.6 eV at 60 GPa. Notably, the band gap exhibits non-monotonic behavior, decreases first and then increases with increasing pressure. This abnormal behavior is attributed to the significant bonding of two La–N bonds at around 35 GPa. Phonon spectrum calculations and AIMD simulations have confirmed that the C2/c phase can be quenched to ambient conditions with slight distortion, and it exhibits excellent detonation properties. Additionally, we also discovered armchair-like nitrogen chains in LaN4 and the armchair and zigzag-like mixed nitrogen chains in LaN8. These results provide valuable insights into the electronic and bonding properties of nitrides under high pressure and may have important implications for the design and development of novel functional materials.
A single origin of numeral classifiers in Asia and the Pacific
Authors: Her One-Soon , Li Bing-Tsiong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A world map of more than 700 numeral classifier languages shows a pattern of distribution due to
diffusion, where the classifier feature radiates outward from a clear center of clustering in Southeast Asia and
classifier languages gradually thin out and with less intensive use of classifiers (Gil 2013; Her et al. 2015). A hypothesis of a single origin
seems appealing to account for this particular pattern of distribution. We propose that in Asia and the Pacific
numeral classifiers developed indigenously in one language group initially and all other classifier languages acquired
this feature via language contact. The hypothesis thus excludes Europe, Africa, Papua New Guinea, and the Americas,
pending further research. Based on the evidence available, we argue that, between Tai-Kadai and Sinitic, the latter is
more likely the single origin for Asia and the Pacific, and we also consider a possible cause of the rise of
classifiers in Sinitic.