bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen deposition accelerates soil acidification in four Chinese forests
Authors: Fujii Kazumichi , Zheng Jinsen , Zhou Zhang , Fang Yunting 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Aims Increasing nitrogen (N) deposition is hypothesized to cause a decline in soil pH in China. We tested to what extent N deposition is contributing to acidification of forest soils.
Methods We quantified external proton (H+) input and net proton generation from N transformation and cation uptake by plants and acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC; sum of cations) in soil. This allowed us to estimate the required time for 1 unit drop of soil pH based on soil pH-ANC relationship in Shenyang, Dinghushan, and Jianfengling forests.
Results The N deposition contributed to 30%, 45%, and 4% of total proton generation through nitrification in the Shenyang, Dinghushan, and Jianfengling forest soils, respectively. Heavy N deposition (50 kg N ha-1 yr-1) also increased proton generation associated with net cation accumulation in growing plant biomass (2.2 kmolc ha−1 yr−1) in the Guangzhou forest, where soil pH decreased by 1 unit in 30 years. Depletion of 1700 kmolc ha−1 ANC and 977 kmolc ha−1 total base reserve is required for 1 unit drop of soil pH, but the cumulative acid inputs for 30 years (120 kmolc ha−1) were much lower to meet these requirements. Acidity can account for 45% of exchangeable Al accumulation (268 kmolc ha−1) in the surface soil, but the remaining portion might be attributed to the heterogeneity of proton generation and consumption in the soil profile.
Conclusion We found quantitatively that heavy N deposition accelerates soil acidification through increased nitrification and plant productivity.
An automatic detection method for cervical liquid-based cells based on the improved YOLO V5s
Authors: SHEN Xudong , Yebo TAO , Xianglian WU , CHEN Linfei , SHEN ShiTao 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
To address the insufficient local inference performance of existing object detection algorithms used in cervical liquid-based cytology, we propose an enhanced YOLOv5s network structure. This architecture dynamically adjusts the weights of channels and spatial attention modules, thereby improving the extraction of feature information from small objects and enhancing the network model's detection capabilities. Alongside this enhanced network model, we studied the Mixup data augmentation technique, which effectively increases the sample size and addresses data imbalance in the custom dataset. We employ CIoU as the loss function for bounding box regression, thereby improving the localization accuracy of the network model's bounding boxes. Comparative experiments on a self-compiled cervical liquid-based cytology dataset show that the improved algorithm achieves a mean Average Precision (mAP) of 0.921, a 5.6% point increase compared to the original YOLOv5s, thus validating the effectiveness of our approach.
A security mechanism for Enhanced ShockBurst wireless communication protocol using nRF24L01
Authors: Ayati Aref , Naji Hamid Reza 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The increasing use of the Internet of Things and Wireless Sensor Networks has been very noticeable due to the diversity of their applications. Due to the numerous cyber security threats and also the weaknesses of communication systems in IoT and WSN infrastructures, we have conducted research to increase the security of the "Enhanced ShockBurst" protocol which is one of the wireless network protocols that is used widely in these fields. We propose a security mechanism to enhance the security of the "Enhanced ShockBurst" wireless network protocol and protect communication networks in IoT or WSNs that use this protocol. This mechanism is more secure and faster than the previous proposed mechanisms and it is based on CIAA that can guarantee message confidentiality, integrity, availability, and accountability. In this method, by taking advantage of time and a function to frequently shuffle the address in the Enhanced Shock Burst wireless communication protocol, more suitable security conditions were implemented with a not-too-high cost compared to other methods.
Changes of brain functional network in Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia：a graph-theoretic analysis
Authors: Wu Shijing , Zhan Ping , Wang Guojing , Yu Xiaohua , Liu Hongyun , Wang Weidong 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background and objectives: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are the two most common neurodegenerative dementias. This study focused on changes of brain functional network in two types of dementia.
Methods: We investigated the changes of brain functional networks in two types of dementia using routine preprocessed electroencephalogram (EEG) resting seated state-closed eyes recordings obtained from the OpenNeuro public dataset. This dataset includes 36 patients with AD, 23 patients with FTD and 29 healthy controls (HC). We constructed a functional brain network by computingthe phase-lock value (PLV) in five frequency bands, and calculated topological parameters based on graph theory. The statistical analysis of these graph-theoretic parameters could be used to evaluate the changes of brain functional network in AD patients and FTD patients.
Results: The brain network connectivity of AD, FTD, and HC all increased first and then decreased with the increase of frequency, especially reaching the strongest in the alpha frequency band. Patients with AD and patients with FTD had a significantly weaker value of PLV in the alpha frequency band and showed severe global functional network alterations (lower mean node degree, clustering coefficient, global efficiency, local efficiency, and longer characteristic path length) compared those with controls. Furthermore, AD patients demonstrated a lower mean node degree, clustering coefficient, and local efficiency in all brain regions (frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital, and central lobes), while these changes were observed only in frontal, temporal, parietal, and central regions for FTD patients.
Conclusions: We observed abnormalities of functional network topology and connectivity in AD and FTD, which could contribute to understanding brain’s behavior and its dysfunction in AD and FTD. Futhormore, Patients with AD showed a loss of function in the whole brain, while patients with FTD retained the function of the occipital lobe, which may provide new insights into developing electrophysiological markers for the clinical diagnosis of AD and FTD.
Use of probabilistic phrases in a coordination game: Human versus GPT-4
Authors: Maloney Laurence , Martello Maria Dal , Fei Vivian , Ma Valerie 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
English speakers use probabilistic phrases such as likely to communicate information about the probability or likelihood of events. Communication is successful to the extent that the listener grasps what the speaker means to convey and, if communication is successful, individuals can potentially coordinate their actions based on shared knowledge about uncertainty. We first assessed human ability to estimate the probability and the ambiguity (imprecision) of twenty-three probabilistic phrases in a coordination game in two different contexts, investment advice and medical advice. We then had GPT-4 (OpenAI), a Large Language Model, complete the same tasks as the human participants. We found that GPT-4’s estimates of probability both in the investment and Medical contexts were as close or closer to that of the human participants as the human participants’ estimates were to one another. However, further analyses of residuals disclosed small but significant differences between human and GPT-4 performance. In particular, human probability estimates were compressed relative to those of GPT-4. Estimates of probability for both the human participants and GPT-4 were little affected by context. We propose that evaluation methods based on coordination games provide a systematic way to assess what GPT-4 and similar programs can and cannot do.
The impact of digital RMB on the existing payment system and its future development trends
Authors: Huang Zixin , Sun Qiwen , Sun Qifa 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

The central bank’s digital RMB pilot program is rapidly expanding across the country. In the era of the digital economy, digital RMB has great room for development. On the contrary, third-party online payment methods are under pressure from national policies, substitution of similar products, and social needs, leading to considerable uncertainty about their future direction. This article compares digital RMB with third-party payment platforms to analyze its unique advantages. We also collected questionnaire information filled out by groups of different generations to explore the audience groups of digital RMB and understand the attitudes of different groups towards using digital RMB for payment. The Baidu search index was used to explore the differences in the attention of different provinces to digital RMB, and the cumulative value of real estate investment was selected as the core independent variable to study its impact on digital RMB. Using the Baidu search index increasing search index chart in the main pilot areas, we analyze the reasons for its popularity trend. Finally, problems existing in the development of digital RMB are pointed out, and corresponding suggestions are provided.
JEL Classification: B22 , D11 , E42 , E52 , E58
Visual Prompting based Incremental Learning forSemantic Segmentation of MultiplexImmuno-Flourescence Microscopy Imagery
Authors: Faulkenberry Ryan , Prasad Saurabh , Maric Dragan , Roysam Badrinath 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Deep learning approaches are state-of-the-art for semantic segmentation of medical images, but unlike many deep learning applications, medical segmentation is characterized by small amounts of annotated training data. Thus, while mainstream deep learning approaches focus on performance in domains with large training sets, researchers in the medical imaging field must apply new methods in creative ways to meet the more constrained requirements of medical datasets. We propose a framework for incrementally fine-tuning a multi-class segmentation of a high-resolution multiplex (multi-channel) immuno-flourescence image of a rat brain section, using a minimal amount of labelling from a human expert. Our framework begins with a modified Swin-UNet architecture that treats each biomarker in the multiplex image separately and learns an initial ''global'' segmentation (\emph{pre-training}). This is followed by incremental learning and refinement of each class using a very limited amount of additional labeled data provided by a human expert for each region and its surroundings. This incremental learning utilizes the multi-class weights as an initialization and uses the additional labels to steer the network and optimize it for each region in the image. In this way, an expert can identify errors in the multi-class segmentation and rapidly correct them by supplying the model with additional annotations hand-picked from the region. In addition to increasing the speed of annotation and reducing the amount of labelling, we show that our proposed method outperforms a traditional multi-class segmentation by a large margin.
Involvement of acute care surgeons reduces post-surgery complications: A propensity-score matched evaluation of clinical outcomes
Authors: Ogawa Katsuhiro , Komori Hiroyuki , Tajiri Takuya , Horino Taichi , Kato Rikako , Ohuchi Mayuko , Iwatsuki Masaaki , Baba Yoshifumi , Miyamoto Yuji , Baba Hideo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Acute care surgeons are experts in trauma treatment, emergency surgery, and critical surgical care. Herein, we analyzed the impact of involvement of an acute care surgeon vs a general surgeon on postoperative outcomes in emergency general surgery.
Methods: This retrospective study included 92 patients who underwent emergency general surgery at our institution between January 2020 and September 2021. Patients were separated into two groups based on the attending surgeon, and propensity score matching was used to analyze postoperative outcomes. The primary outcome was postoperative complications, while secondary outcomes included perioperative management and surgery-related and postoperative complications. Logistic regression analysis was applied to estimate the odds ratios (OR) for all complications.
Results: Overall, 30 patients were treated by acute care surgeons (ACS group) and 62 patients were treated by general surgeons (non-ACS group). Propensity score matching identified 30 patients with balanced baseline covariates in each group. After matching, the ACS group had lower complication rates (Clavien–Dindo classification ≥2) than the non-ACS group (17% vs. 40%, P=0.08), as well as a significantly shorter surgery duration (75 min vs. 96 min, P=0.014). In logistic analysis, acute care surgeon involvement was identified as an independent predictor for a decrease in all complications (OR, 0.15; 95%CI, 0.02–0.64).
Conclusion: Acute care surgeon involvement reduces the overall complication rate in emergency general surgery.
Implementation of spore display in Paenibacillus polymyxa with different hydrolytic enzymes
Authors: Zander Maximilian , Schmid Jochen , Kabisch Johannes 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Biotechnological processes are essential for producing climate-friendly high-value chemicals or pharmaceutical compounds, which can include steps catalyzed by enzymes. Therefore, establishing new, robust, and cheap enzyme production processes is desirable. One possible way to enhance processes is through the use of the spore display method. Spore display can present heterologous proteins on the surface of bacterial spores, offering numerous advantages in a range of biotechnological applications. This study demonstrates the implementation of the spore display method in Paenibacillus polymyxa,achieved by modifying the spore surface, incorporating an anchoring protein, and attaching green fluorescent protein to it, allowing the visualization of fluorescent spores. Following the initial experiment, a native lipase (Lip3), a heterologous lipase (LipA) from Bacillus subtilis, a native esterase (PnbA) from P. polymyxa, and a lipoyl synthase are expressed during sporulation and displayed on the spore surface. The activity profiles were determined in the temperature range from 4 °C to 70 °C. The PnbA reached its optimum at 4 °C whereas the LipA from B. subtilis showed 4.4-fold higher activity at 42 °C compared to the control. Furthermore, we explored a possible new technique for the purification of enzymes with the TEV-cleavage site between the anchor and the protein of interest. Finally, we showed a not-yet-described side activity of the lipoyl synthase over a wide temperature range.
Breeding for durable resistance against biotrophic fungal pathogens using transgenes from wheat
Authors: Camenzind Marcela , Koller Teresa , Armbruster Cygni , Jung Esther , Brunner Susanne , Herren Gerhard , Keller Beat 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Breeding for resistant crops is a sustainable way to control disease and relies on the introduction of novel resistance genes. Here, we tested three strategies on how to use transgenes from wheat to achieve durable resistance against fungal pathogens in the field. First, we tested the highly effective, overexpressed single transgene Pm3e in the background of spring wheat cultivar Bobwhite in a long-term field trial over many years. Together with previous results, this revealed that transgenic wheat line Pm3e#2 conferred complete powdery mildew resistance during a total of nine field seasons without negative impact on yield. Furthermore, overexpressed Pm3e provided resistance to powdery mildew isolates from our worldwide collection when crossed into elite wheat cultivar Fiorina. Second, we pyramided the four overexpressed transgenes Pm3a, Pm3b, Pm3d and Pm3f in the background of cultivar Bobwhite and showed that the pyramided line Pm3a,b,d,f was completely resistant to powdery mildew in five field seasons. Third, we performed field trials with three barley lines expressing adult plant resistance gene Lr34 from wheat during three field seasons. Line GLP8 expressed Lr34 under control of the pathogen-inducible Hv-Ger4c promoter and provided partial barley powdery mildew and leaf rust resistance in the field with small, negative effects on yield components which might need compensatory breeding. Overall, our study demonstrates and discusses three successful strategies for achieving fungal disease resistance of wheat and barley in the field using transgenes from wheat. These strategies might confer long-term resistance if applied in a sustainable way.
Relationship of buccolingual inclination between the alveolar bone and first molar in different vertical facial types: a CBCT study
Authors: Cui Xingyu , Tang Huajing , Zhang Yunlin , Lin Xingnan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to investigate the differences in the buccolingual inclination and transverse width of maxillary and mandibular first molars among different vertical facial types.
Methods
In all, 78 samples were divided into three groups based on the GoGn-SN angle: the low-angle group (n = 26, mean age = 24.21 ± 5.11), average-angle group (n = 26, mean age = 22.66 ± 3.72), and high-angle group (n = 26, mean age = 22.23 ± 2.43). Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) measurements were used to assess the buccolingual inclination of the axis of the maxillary and mandibular first molars, as well as the buccolingual inclination of the basal bone, the dental arch width, and the basal bone width. One-way ANOVA, the LSD test, and Pearson correlation analysis were performed.
Results
The high-angle group showed significantly greater lingual inclination of the maxillary basal bone than the other two groups. The difference in buccolingual inclination of the axis of the maxillary first molar and the basal bone was significantly greater in the high-angle group than in the low-angle group. Both the maxillary and mandibular dental arch were significantly narrower in the high-angle group than in the other two groups. The mandibular basal bone was also significantly narrower in the high-angle group than in the other two groups.
Conclusions
The upper basal bone in the high-angle group showed significantly greater lingual inclination than that in the other two groups. Transverse matching of the maxillary and mandibular dental arch and basal bone in the high-angle group may be achieved through lingual inclination of the maxillary basal bone.
Characterization of dissolved organic matter and disinfection by-product formation potentials during the metalimnetic oxygen minimum in deep reservoirs
Authors: Ji Gang , Song Xiaofeng , Yang Meng , Xu Xiangqian , Xue Ruikang , Wang Sihan , Huang Tinglin , Wen Gang 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Dissolved oxygen (DO) is strongly linked to the origin and transformation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in reservoirs. During metalimnetic oxygen minimum (MOM), the reservoir is divided into four regions: surface oxygen-rich (SOR), middle anoxic (MA), middle oxygen (MO), and bottom anoxic (BA). This article focuses on the link between DOM and disinfection by-product (DBP) precursors and DO in reservoirs. The DOM in SOR was characterized by the highest proportion of protein-like components, lowest humification and aromaticity, which was indicated mainly affected by algae blooms. The DOM in MO was affected by terrestrial, with the highest ratio of humic and fulvic-like fluorescent and the highest extent of humification and aromaticity. The humification and aromaticity in MA and BA were between MO and SOR water. Moreover, according to redundancy analysis, the dominant DBPs, including trichloromethane and haloacetic acid precursors, mainly originate from a high degree of humification and aromaticity in DOM, suggesting that the terrestrial-derived DOM was a dominant source of DBP precursors. This study provides the distribution in DOM characteristics and its driven DBPs in the Sanhekou Reservoir during the MOM, which is of great significance for selecting appropriate water intake regions for subsequent water treatment.
Comparisons of Quality, Correctness, and Similarity Between ChatGPT-Generated and Human-Written Abstracts for Basic Research: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Cheng Shu-Li , Tsai Shih-Jen , Bai Ya-Mei , Ko Chih-Hung , Hsu Chih-Wei , Yang Fu-Chi , Tsai Chia-Kuang , Tu Yu-Kang , Yang Szu-Nian , Tseng Ping-Tao , Hsu Tien-Wei , Liang Chih-Sung , Su Kuan-Pin 
Published: December 2023

Background
ChatGPT may act as a research assistant to help organize the direction of thinking and summarize research findings. However, few studies have examined the quality, similarity (abstracts being similar to the original one), and accuracy of the abstracts generated by ChatGPT when researchers provide full-text basic research papers.

Objective
We aimed to assess the applicability of an artificial intelligence (AI) model in generating abstracts for basic preclinical research.

Methods
We selected 30 basic research papers from Nature, Genome Biology, and Biological Psychiatry. Excluding abstracts, we inputted the full text into ChatPDF, an application of a language model based on ChatGPT, and we prompted it to generate abstracts with the same style as used in the original papers. A total of 8 experts were invited to evaluate the quality of these abstracts (based on a Likert scale of 0-10) and identify which abstracts were generated by ChatPDF, using a blind approach. These abstracts were also evaluated for their similarity to the original abstracts and the accuracy of the AI content.

Results
The quality of ChatGPT-generated abstracts was lower than that of the actual abstracts (10-point Likert scale: mean 4.72, SD 2.09 vs mean 8.09, SD 1.03; P<.001). The difference in quality was significant in the unstructured format (mean difference –4.33; 95% CI –4.79 to –3.86; P<.001) but minimal in the 4-subheading structured format (mean difference –2.33; 95% CI –2.79 to –1.86). Among the 30 ChatGPT-generated abstracts, 3 showed wrong conclusions, and 10 were identified as AI content. The mean percentage of similarity between the original and the generated abstracts was not high (2.10%-4.40%). The blinded reviewers achieved a 93% (224/240) accuracy rate in guessing which abstracts were written using ChatGPT.

Conclusions
Using ChatGPT to generate a scientific abstract may not lead to issues of similarity when using real full texts written by humans. However, the quality of the ChatGPT-generated abstracts was suboptimal, and their accuracy was not 100%.
Sarilumab is not Inferior to Tocilizumab in the Treatment of Cytokine Release Syndrome in COVID-19
Authors: Ivashkin V. T. , Maslennikov R. V. , Vasilieva E. V. , Chipurik M. L. , Semikova P. A. , Semenets V. V. , Russkova T. A. 
Published: December 2023

Objective. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is a dangerous complication of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). The study aimed to compare sarilumab (SAR group) with tocilizumab (TOC group) and patients without anticytokine treatment (CON group) in treatment of CRS in COVID-19.Methods. The retrospective real life study included COVID-19 patients with C-reactive protein(CRP) level >60 mg/l.Results. We enrolled 24 patients in SAR group, 27 patients in TOC group and 47 patients in CON group. Mortality was lower in SAR and TOC groups than in CON group (12.5% and 14.8% vs. 31.9%; p=0.021 and p=0.031) with no difference between SAR and TOC groups (p=0.389). SAR patients unlike TOC patients required intensive care unit admission less frequently then CON patients (16.7% and 25.9% vs. 46.3%; p=0.013 and p=0.077). An increase in oxygen saturation was observed in SAR and TOC groups (p=0.001 and p=0.004; greater in SAR group [p=0.022]), but not in CON group (p=0.764) in 7-10 days after administration of these drugs. The decrease in CRP level was greater in SAR and TOC groups than in CON group (p=0.016 and p<0.011), with no difference between SAR and TOC groups (p=0.236).Conclusion. Sarilumab is not inferior to tocilizumab in COVID-19