bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of skeletal muscle‐fibre type in regulation of glucose metabolism in middle‐aged subjects with impaired glucose tolerance during a long‐term exercise and dietary intervention
Authors: Venojärvi M. , Puhke R. , Hämäläinen H. , Marniemi J. , Rastas M. , Rusko H. , Nuutila P. , Hänninen O. , Aunola S. 
Published: October 2005

Aim:  The aim of this study was to investigate the role of skeletal muscle fibre type in the regulation of glucose metabolism in middle‐aged obese subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) during a 2‐year exercise and dietary intervention.Methods:  Muscle biopsies (musculus vastus lateralis) were taken from 22 subjects belonging to the intervention group of the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study [1]. According to their myosin heavy chain (MHC) profile at the baseline, the subjects were divided into two groups: IGTslow (n = 10) with a high proportion of MHC I isoforms and IGTfast (n = 12) with a high proportion of MHC II isoforms in the vastus lateralis muscle. The intervention consisted of dietary counselling, strength and power training and/or aerobic exercise. The amount of exercise was the same in both groups; the exercise frequency was 5.1 ± 2.7 h/week in the IGTslow and 5.1 ± 2.8 h/week in the IGTfast group.Results:  Fasting glucose (p < 0.05), 2‐h glucose (p < 0.05), fasting insulin (p < 0.05), haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (p < 0.01) and insulin resistance (p < 0.05) [homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR)] decreased in the IGTfast group, whereas only the 2‐h glucose and HbA1c concentrations decreased in the IGTslow group. The amount of the glycogen synthase kinase‐3‐αβ (GSK‐3‐αβ) decreased in the IGTfast group (p < 0.05). Exercise training increased the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (p < 0.01), LDH‐1 (p < 0.05) and citrate synthase (CS) (p < 0.05) activities in the vastus lateralis muscle in the IGTslow group, but only the CS activity (p < 0.05) in the IGTfast group.Conclusions:  The glucose metabolism improved both in the IGTslow and IGTfast group during the 2‐year exercise and dietary intervention. The change was more prominent in the IGTfast group than in the IGTslow group, associated with the decrease of the GSK‐αβ protein expression in skeletal muscle. The exercise training improved both glycolytic and oxidative capacity in the vastus lateralis muscle. The glycolytic capacity improved in the IGTslow group and the oxidative capacity in both groups.
Simplified method of hepatic fibrosis quantification: design of a new morphometric analysis application
Authors: Friedenberg Marc A. , Miller Larry , Chung Chan Y. , Fleszler Frederick , Banson Felice L. , Thomas Rebecca , Swartz Kenneth P. , Friedenberg Frank K. 
Published: October 2005

Abstract: Introduction: Semiquantitative evaluation of liver specimens is considered the standard method for measuring fibrosis; however, these systems lack the precision of a quantitative technique.Methods: We developed an image analysis application (FibroXact) that automates and simplifies color segmentation. Trichrome slides were scanned and the program was used to evaluate each pixel based upon hue, lightness, and saturation values. Percent fibrosis was automatically calculated after thresholding.Results: Linear regression demonstrated a strong relationship between the FibroXact result and the semiquantitative result (P<0.001).Conclusion: We have developed an image analysis application to quantify liver fibrosis. Correlation between our results and a standard semiquantitative system was demonstrated.
Promoter methylation and loss of coding exons of the fragile histidine triad (FHIT) gene in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas
Authors: Foja S. , Goldberg M. , Schagdarsurengin U. , Dammann R. , Tannapfel A. , Ballhausen W. G. 
Published: October 2005

Abstract: Aims: About 10–30% of primary liver cancers represent intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (IHCC). Since chromosomal losses of 3p are detectable in about 40% of cholangiocarcinomas our study aimed at the identification of mechanisms leading to functional deletion of tumor suppressor genes in this region. Our efforts focussed on genomic losses and epigenetic inactivation of two tumor suppressor genes, the fragile histidine triad (FHIT) and the ras association domain family 1 (RASSF1A) genes, both located on the short arm of chromosome 3.Methods: Methylation‐specific PCR (MSP) and combined bisulfite‐dependent restriction analysis (COBRA) were applied to detect epigenetic silencing of gene promoters. Genomic duplex PCR was used to identify exon losses of the FHIT gene. Nineteen paraffin‐embedded samples of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas were studied.Results: Here we report for the first time that in addition to frequent losses of the exons 5 and 6, hypermethylation of the FHIT promoter occured in a significant portion of IHCC. Methylation specific PCR (MSP) detected epigenetic inactivation of the FHIT/FRA3B locus in 8 of 19 (42%) cases. Combined bisulfite restriction analysis (COBRA) revealed that high levels of methylated FHIT promoter sequences were present in 6 of the 8 methylation positive samples. In agreement with previous reports MSP identified hypermethylation of the RASSF1A gene in 13 of 19 (68%) IHCC specimens examined.Conclusions: Epigenetic silencing of the FHIT tumor suppressor gene is a novel inactivation mechanism to be considered in the development of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas. However, a statistically significant inverse correlation between K‐Ras activation and RASSF1A inactivation was not found.
Effect of platelet‐activating factor (PAF) receptor antagonist (BN52021) on acetaminophen‐induced acute liver injury and regeneration in rats
Authors: Grypioti A. D. , Theocharis S. E. , Demopoulos C. A. , Papadopoulou‐Daifoti Z. , Basayiannis A. C. , Mykoniatis M G. 
Published: October 2005

Abstract:
Background: Platelet‐activating factor (PAF) is an endogenous lipid mediator that plays a key role in catalyzing various pro‐inflammatory processes associated with acute liver injury. In the present study, the possible influence of PAF‐R antagonist (BN52021) on the protection of liver injury after 4‐hydroxyacetanilide, N‐acetyl‐p‐aminophenol, paracetamol (APAP) intoxication was investigated.Methods: Thereby, one group of rats was treated with a toxic dose of APAP (3.5 g/kg body weight (b.w.). The animals were killed at 56, 66, 72, 84 and 96 h after treatment.Results: APAP was found to cause an acute hepatic injury, evident by alterations of biochemical (serum enzymes: aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase) and liver histopathological (degree of necrosis and apoptosis) indices, which was followed by liver regeneration, evident by three independent indices ([3H] thymidine incorporation into hepatic DNA, liver thymidine kinase activity and hepatocyte mitotic index). The protective effects of BN52021 were qualified during post‐treatment time by: (1) significant reduction of hepatic injury as showed by all biochemical and histological parameters, (2) high decrease of regenerating activity showed by three regenerative markers and (3) remarkable increase of PAF‐acetylhydrolase (PAF‐AH) activity.Conclusion: These results suggest that PAF may play an important role in APAP‐induced liver injury and regeneration, and PAF‐R antagonist (BN52021) attenuates liver damage.
Increased Use of Hip Protectors in Nursing Homes: Economic Analysis of a Cluster Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Meyer Gabriele , Wegscheider Karl , Kersten Jan F. , Icks Andrea , Mühlhauser Ingrid 
Published: October 2005

Objectives: To assess the cost‐efficacy of an intervention program aimed at reducing hip fractures.Design: Economic evaluation within an 18‐month cluster randomized trial.Setting: Forty‐nine nursing homes in Hamburg, Germany.Participants: Residents with a high risk of falling (intervention group (IG), n=459; control group (CG), n=483).Intervention: Education session for nurses, who subsequently educated residents, and provision of three hip protectors per resident. CG care was optimized by providing brief information to nurses about hip protectors and providing two protectors per nursing home for demonstration purposes.Measurements: Main outcomes were hip fractures, costs, and incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER).Results: The intervention was effective in reducing hip fractures (21 in the IG vs 42 in the CG) and resulted in a cost difference of $51 per participant in favor of the CG (95% confidence interval covering cost saving of $242 to cost expense of $325). Costs per additional hip fracture avoided were $1,234. Sensitivity analyses aimed at investigating robustness of the results to a real practice implementation scenario resulted in ICERs varying from $439 to $1,693. Taking into account lower hip protector reimbursement levels, the intervention program would be cost saving (break‐even point within the base case analysis=$22 per hip protector).Conclusion: A program consisting of education and provision of hip protectors might produce a slight increase in costs or might even be cost saving if the price of the hip protector could be decreased.
Resistance Exercise Dosage in Older Adults: Single‐ Versus Multiset Effects on Physical Performance and Body Composition
Authors: Galvão Daniel A. , Taaffe Dennis R. 
Published: October 2005

Objectives:To determine whether variation in resistance exercise volume affects muscle function and physical performance response in older adults.Design:A randomized trial with subjects assigned to a single‐set (1‐SET) or three‐set (3‐SET) exercise group.Setting:An exercise facility at the University of Queensland.Participants:Twenty‐eight community‐dwelling men and women aged 65 to 78.Intervention:Progressive resistance training consisting of seven exercises targeting the major muscle groups of the upper and lower body performed on exercise machines twice weekly for 20 weeks at eight‐repetition maximum (RM) intensity.Measurements:Muscle function included isotonic muscle strength (1‐RM) of the seven exercises, isokinetic and isometric knee extensor strength, and muscle endurance for the chest press and leg press exercises. Physical performance included timed chair rise, usual and fast 6‐m walk, 6‐m backwards walk, 400‐m walk, floor rise to standing, and stair climbing ability. In addition, body composition was determined using dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry.Results:Isotonic muscle strength increased in both exercise groups for all seven exercises (P<.01), with the gain in the 3‐SET group greater (P<.05) for the seated row, triceps extension, and knee extension (analysis of covariance). Similarly, muscle endurance gains were greater for the 3‐SET than the 1‐SET group (P<.01), with no significant difference between groups for isokinetic and isometric knee extensor strength. Both groups improved (P<.05) in the chair rise (1‐SET, 10.1%; 3‐SET, 13.6%), 6‐m backwards walk (1‐SET, 14.3%; 3‐SET, 14.8%), 400‐m walk (1‐SET, 3.8%; 3‐SET, 7.4%), and stair climbing test (1‐SET, 7.7%; 3‐SET, 6.4%), with the only difference between groups for the 400‐m walk (P<.05). There was no difference between groups for change in body composition.Conclusion:Resistance training consisting of only single‐set exercises is sufficient to significantly enhance muscle function and physical performance, although muscle strength and endurance gains are greater with higher‐volume work. These findings have application in designing time‐efficient exercise regimens to enhance neuromuscular function in older adults.
Association analyses of the neuregulin 1 gene with schizophrenia and manic psychosis in a Hispanic population
Authors: Walss‐Bass C. , Raventos H. , Montero A. P. , Armas R. , Dassori A. , Contreras S. , Liu W. , Medina R. , Levinson D. F. , Pereira M. , Leach R. J. , Almasy L. , Escamilla M. A. 
Published: October 2005

Objective:  This study used the population of the Central Valley of Costa Rica (CVCR) and phenotyping strategies alternative to DSMIV classifications to investigate the association of neuregulin 1 with schizophrenia.Method:  Using 134 family trios with a history of psychosis, we genotyped six of the seven markers originally identified to be associated with schizophrenia in Iceland.Results:  The neuregulin Icelandic haplotype was not associated with schizophrenia in the CVCR population. However, a novel haplotype was found to be overrepresented in subjects with functional psychosis (global P‐value > 0.05). Stratification of the sample by history of mania suggests that this haplotype may be preferentially over‐transmitted to persons with a history of manic psychosis.Conclusion:  These results suggest that the neuregulin 1 gene is unlikely to play a major role in predisposing to schizophrenia in the CVCR. Further studies in the CVCR and other Latin American populations should be performed in order to corroborate these findings.
CSF 5‐HIAA, suicide intent and hopelessness in the prediction of early suicide in male high‐risk suicide attempters
Authors: Samuelsson M. , Jokinen J. , Nordström A.‐L. , Nordström P. 
Published: October 2005

Objective:  To study the predictive value of the Beck Suicide Intent Scale (SIS), the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) and of 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5‐HIAA) in the cerebrospinal fluid for future early suicide in a group of high‐risk male suicide attempters.Method:  Fifteen consecutive male suicide attempters admitted to a psychiatric ward at the Karolinska Hospital, who were not receiving any treatment with antidepressants were diagnosed according to DSM‐III, assessed with SIS and BHS and submitted to lumbar puncture. All patients were followed up for cause of death.Results:  Five early suicides (within 2 years) were identified. Mean cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 5‐HIAA differed between suicides and survivors. Low CSF 5‐HIAA was identified in those who committed early suicide. Neither the Suicide Intent Score nor the Hopelessness Score distinguished suicides from survivors.Conclusion:  In high suicide risk hospitalized male psychiatric patients CSF 5‐HIAA may be a better predictor of early suicide after attempted suicide than SIS or BHS.
Coronally advanced flap with or without enamel matrix derivative for root coverage: a 2‐year study
Authors: Del Pizzo M. , Zucchelli G. , Modica F. , Villa R. , Debernardi C. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractAim: The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) to improve root coverage with a coronally advanced flap (CAF) during a 2‐year follow‐up.Methods: Fifteen patients each with two single and similar bilateral Miller Class I or II gingival recessions (30 recessions) were selected. Each recession was randomly assigned to the test group (CAF+EMD) or the control group (CAF only). Clinical parameters recorded at baseline and at 6, 12 and 24 months were recession depth (R), recession width (WR), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and keratinized tissue (KT).Results: Reduction of R resulted in a significant CAL gain in both groups, whereas PD was not altered. In the test group, R decreased from 4.07 mm (SD±0.59) at baseline to 0.47 mm (SD±0.74) at 24 months, corresponding to a mean root coverage (MRC) of 90.67%, whereas in the control group R shrank from 4.13 mm (SD±0.74) at baseline to 0.60 mm (SD±0.83) at 24 months (MRC=86.67%). Complete root coverage was achieved at 24 months in 73.33% and 60% of the two groups. A significant KT increase was observed in both groups.Conclusions: Root coverage outcomes were similar in both groups and no statistically significant differences were found at all between them. Hence, the additional use of EMD to CAF is not justified for clinical benefits of root coverage, but as an attempt of achieving periodontal regeneration rather than repair.
Modulation of clinical expression of plaque‐induced gingivitis: effects of personality traits, social support and stress
Authors: Trombelli Leonardo , Scapoli Chiara , Tatakis Dimitris N. , Grassi Luigi 
Published: October 2005

AbstractBackground: Studies have shown an association between an acute stressful event and gingivitis. However, the possible effects of personality traits associated with stress resistance/susceptibility and current level of stress on the clinical expression of plaque‐induced inflammation remain to be examined. The aim of this study was to characterize the subject‐based clinical behaviour of the gingiva during experimental gingivitis in relation to personality profile, psychological stress and coping behaviour.Methods: Ninety‐six systemically and periodontally healthy subjects (mean age: 23.6±1.7 years), 46 males and 50 females, non‐smokers, participated in a randomized, split‐mouth, localized experimental gingivitis trial. Prior to the trial, subjects were asked to complete self‐administered questionnaires evaluating personality traits (Hardiness scale and Courtauld Emotional Control Scale), subjective stress (Visual Analogue Scale – Total Distress), social support (Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, MSPSS) and life events (Life Experiences Survey (LES)). The influence of psychosocial factors was investigated in the overall population as well as in two sub‐populations with different inflammatory response to plaque accumulation.Results: No significant relationships were found between gingival inflammation variables and psychological measures. No significant differences were detected between subjects with different susceptibilties to plaque‐associated gingivitis for any considered psychological variable. A significant association between plaque variables and LES (negative) or MSPSS (positive) was found; however, the variance explained by the model was low.Conclusions: Differences in the current level of stress and psychosocial variables indicative of stress susceptibility do not account for variability in plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation during experimental gingivitis in young adults.
Osteonecrosis of the jaws in periodontal patients with a history of bisphosphonates treatment
Authors: Ficarra G. , Beninati F. , Rubino I. , Vannucchi A. , Longo G. , Tonelli P. , Pini Prato G. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractBackground/Aim: Osteonecrosis of the jaws is being increasingly reported in patients with bone metastasis from a variety of solid tumours and disseminated multiple myeloma receiving intra‐venous bisphosphonates. The signs and symptoms that may occur before the appearance of clinical evident osteonecrosis include changes in the health of periodontal tissues, non‐healing mucosal ulcers, loose teeth and unexplained soft‐tissue infection. A series of nine periodontally involving patients showing osteonecrosis of the jaws that appeared following the intra‐venous use of bisphosphonates is reported.Material and Methods: Nine consecutive patients with osteonecrosis of the jaws were prospectically studied. Patients' past medical histories and the drugs that they had received for their malignant disease were systematically documented. Clinical, histopathological and radiographic features and proposal for treatment modalities of osteonecrosis are also reported.Results: Of the nine patients (six women and three men) observed, all had osteonecrosis in the mandible; two had maxillary involvement as well. All nine patients had a history of extraction of periodontally hopeless teeth preceding the onset of osteonecrosis. In two patients, the lesions also appeared in edentulous areas spontaneously. All the patients had received intra‐venous bisphosphonates as treatment for their disseminated haematological neoplasms or metastatic bone disease. The duration of bisphosphonate therapy at presentation ranged from 10 to 70 months (median: 33 months).Conclusions: Jaw osteonecrosis appears to be associated with the intra‐venous use of bisphosphonates. Dental professionals should be aware of this potentially serious complication in periodontal patients receiving long‐term treatment with bisphosphonates.
Testosterone and Sleep-Related Erections: An Overview*
Authors: Montorsi Francesco , Oettel Michael 
Published: October 2005

ABSTRACT

Montorsi F, Oettel M. Testosterone and sleep-related erections: an overview.J Sex Med 2005;2:771–784
Sleep-related erections have been reported to occur from the intrauterine life to senescence. It has been speculated that the main function of nocturnal erections is to provide adequate engorgement of the corpora cavernosa, which then leads to increased tissue oxygenation. This is in turn to prevent cavernous fibrosis, the histopathological basis for corporeal venoocclusive dysfunction, which probably is the most common cause of organic erectile dysfunction. It has been suggested that sleep-related erections are triggered by the release of nitric oxide by the nitrergic nerve fibers within the cavernous nerves. Androgens regulate this mechanism as well as some other non-nitrergic processes within the corpora cavernosa and within the central nervous system. By contrast, the erectile response to tactile or visual erotic stimuli in wakefulness predominantly involves an androgen-independent system, although it may, at least to a certain degree, also be influenced by androgen-sensitive mechanisms. No doubt, androgens are key players in the physiology of nocturnal erections, and the availability of new, user-friendly testosterone preparations such as transdermal gel and intramuscularly administered testosterone undecanoate stimulates further investigations on this field. The prospect that the quality of sleep may also be improved by an androgen therapy administered to improve sleep-related erections in hypogonadal men needs further basic research and appropriate clinical studies.
Testosterone Therapy in Erectile Dysfunction and Hypogonadism
Authors: Shabsigh Ridwan 
Published: October 2005

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Laboratory experiments indicate that the nitric oxide erectile pathway is testosterone-dependent. Castration induces erectile dysfunction (ED) and reduction in nitric oxide synthase and in phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) in the erectile tissue. Furthermore, castration causes apoptosis adversely affecting smooth muscle content and penile hemodynamics leading to veno-occlusive dysfunction. Testosterone therapy reverses these structural, biochemical, and physiological changes. In humans, testosterone therapy improves erectile function in men with hypogonadism. However, the efficacy of testosterone monotherapy may not be adequate because of the multifactorial nature of the pathophysiology of ED.

Methods
Preliminary data from a number of studies have been reviewed.

Results
There are emerging evidence-based benefits to using the combination of testoterone and PDE5 inhibitors. A recently published multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled study evaluated the safety and efficacy of testosterone gel 1% plus sildenafil vs. placebo gel plus sildenafil, in producing an erectile response in hypogonadal men who had failed prior sildenafil alone for ED. Screening yielded a prevalence of hypogonadism in ED patients who failed prior sildenafil. Following randomization, the double-blinded treatment phase was 12 weeks. Testosterone therapy with testosterone gel significantly improved erectile function in response to sildenafil. In addition, it significantly improved orgasmic function and patient satisfaction.

Conclusion
It is important to screen all men with ED for hypogonadism, especially those with a history of inadequate response to prior PDE5 inhibitors. The combination of testosterone plus PDE5 inhibitors may be considered for the treatment of ED in men with low to low–normal testosterone levels, who had inadequate response to prior treatment with PDE5 inhibitors alone.