bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current active fault distribution and slip rate along the middle section of the Jiali-Chayu fault from Sentinel-1 InSAR observations (2017–2022)
Authors: Yao Jiaming , Yao Xin , Wang Yanbing , Zhao Zheng , Liu Xinghong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe Jiali-Chayu fault, situated on the eastern side of the eastern Himalayan syntaxis, is the southeastern margin of the large strike-slip fault zone of the Jiali Fault. The study of the distribution and activity within this fault zone is imperative for a comprehensive understanding of the tectonic movement patterns in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. Previous studies have established that the kinematic characteristic of the Jiali-Chayu fault diverges significantly from that of other segments within the Jiali fault. Nonetheless, the current tectonic characteristics, including the slip sense, slip rate, and geometric deformation of this fault, are still not well resolved, leading to divergent interpretations regarding its contemporary activity intensity. This paper introduced an optimized time-series InSAR method with phase compensation designed for regions characterized by low coherence and exhibiting slow deformation. Using Sentinel-1 SAR data from both ascending and descending orbits spanning the period between 2017 and 2022, we successfully derived deformation rates for the middle part of the Jiali-Chayu fault at a spatial resolution of 150 m. The slip and dip rates of active faults are determined by considering the fault movement rates from two different observation angles, in conjunction with strike angle and the assumed dip angle of the fault. The results show that the deformation rates of the three branches are very different, with F2-1 and F2-2 exhibiting notable activity, while other areas exhibit relatively weaker activity. The strike-slip rates for F2-1 and F2-2 faults range between 3.6 and 5.3 mm/a and 3.05 to 5.13 mm/a, respectively, while their respective dip-slip rates fall within the range of 1.1–2.7 mm/a and 2.99–5.02 mm/a. In accordance with the fault slip directions, we classify the F2-1 fault as a sinistral (left-lateral) strike-slip fault and the F2-2 fault as a dextral (right-lateral) strike-slip fault. This study addresses a gap in remote sensing methods for detecting active fault activity in this region, providing a systematic foundation for identifying weak activity characteristics within the fault zone.
Graphical Abstract
DNA methylation of ELOVL2 gene as an epigenetic marker of age among Egyptian population
Authors: El-Shishtawy Noha M. , El Marzouky Fatma M. , El-Hagrasy Hanan A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Cellular and molecular changes occur during aging, decreasing organ function. The aging process was measured by several biomarkers, including DNA methylation (DNAm), an epigenetic change regulating gene expression, which is highly accurate at predicting biological age. DNAm is heritable and therefore varies between different populations.

Aim
To assess blood DNA methylation changes as epigenetic clocks in the male and female Egyptian population. Pyrosequencing was used to measure the methylation of nine CpG sites in blood samples from 100 healthy Egyptians (18–69 years) using a cross-sectional study. Two age predicted models based on the ELOVL2 gene were compared in three age categories and correlated in all age groups despite decreasing accuracy with increasing age.

Results
The mean absolute deviation (MAD) using the 1st and 2nd age predicted models for 18–40 years was 1.06 and 2.7, respectively; for 41–60 years, it was 4.4 and 3.8, respectively; and for > 60 years, it was 7.7 and 7.0, respectively. No significant differences in DNA methylation were found between the sexes.

Conclusion
DNA methylation of the ELOVL2 gene can be used as an accurate biomarker for age estimation. Additionally, this method has the potential to be more accurate than traditional methods of age estimation.
Echocardiographic estimation of left ventricular filling pressures in heart transplant recipients
Authors: Rahbar Zohreh , Tavoosi Anahita , Bakhshandeh Alireza , Mehrpooya Maryam , Sardari Akram , Larti Farnoosh , Sattarzadeh Badkoubeh Roya 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Echocardiographic estimation of left ventricular filling pressure in heart transplant (HTx) recipients is challenging. The ability of echocardiography to detect elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) in HTx patients was assessed in this study.

Results
This descriptive cross-sectional study included 39 HTx recipients who were candidates for endomyocardial biopsy as a part of their routine post-transplantation surveillance. Doppler transthoracic echocardiography was done before the procedure, and left heart catheterization was done during the endomyocardial biopsy. Thirty-nine patients (15 female, 24 male), with a mean age of 39.6 years (range 13–70), were enrolled. A strong relation was observed between lateral E/e′ and LVEDP (R = 0.64, P value < 0.001) and average E/e′ and LVEDP (R = 0.6, P value < 0.001). The best cutoff value for LVEDP prediction was the average E/e′ ≥ 6.8 with a sensitivity of 96.15% and specificity of 68.5% for the prediction of LVEDP more than or equal to 20 mmHg. Two predictive models comprising age, gender, and lateral E/e′ or average E/e′ were also proposed. A significant relationship was also found between LVEDP and left ventricular global longitudinal strain (R = − 0.31, P value < 0.01).

Conclusions
Lateral E/e′ was the best predictor of LVEDP. The cutoff of average E/e′ had the best validity for the estimation of LVEDP. Despite the strong observed association, echocardiographic parameters cannot be considered a surrogate for invasive LVEDP measurements when seeking information about left ventricle filling pressure on heart transplant recipients.
Machine learning in physical activity, sedentary, and sleep behavior research
Authors: Farrahi Vahid , Rostami Mehrdad 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe nature of human movement and non-movement behaviors is complex and multifaceted, making their study complicated and challenging. Thanks to the availability of wearable activity monitors, we can now monitor the full spectrum of physical activity, sedentary, and sleep behaviors better than ever before—whether the subjects are elite athletes, children, adults, or individuals with pre-existing medical conditions. The increasing volume of generated data, combined with the inherent complexities of human movement and non-movement behaviors, necessitates the development of new data analysis methods for the research of physical activity, sedentary, and sleep behaviors. The characteristics of machine learning (ML) methods, including their ability to deal with complicated data, make them suitable for such analysis and thus can be an alternative tool to deal with data of this nature. ML can potentially be an excellent tool for solving many traditional problems related to the research of physical activity, sedentary, and sleep behaviors such as activity recognition, posture detection, profile analysis, and correlates research. However, despite this potential, ML has not yet been widely utilized for analyzing and studying these behaviors. In this review, we aim to introduce experts in physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep research—individuals who may possess limited familiarity with ML—to the potential applications of these techniques for analyzing their data. We begin by explaining the underlying principles of the ML modeling pipeline, highlighting the challenges and issues that need to be considered when applying ML. We then present the types of ML: supervised and unsupervised learning, and introduce a few ML algorithms frequently used in supervised and unsupervised learning. Finally, we highlight three research areas where ML methodologies have already been used in physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep behavior research, emphasizing their successes and challenges. This paper serves as a resource for ML in physical activity, sedentary, and sleep behavior research, offering guidance and resources to facilitate its utilization.
Ultracold atoms carrying orbital angular momentum: Engineering topological phases in lattices
Authors: Nicolau E. , Pelegrí G. , Polo J. , Marques A. M. , Daley A. J. , Mompart J. , Dias R. G. , Ahufinger V. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Ultracold atoms carrying Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) loaded in lattices constitute a promising platform for engineering topological systems either at the single-particle limit or in the presence of interactions. In this review, we report recent progress on this topic with the focus on bosons with OAM l = 1 in lattices of coplanar ring potentials, which provide an ideal scenario to realise topological non-trivial phases of matter.
Incidence, Treatment, and Survival of Adrenocortical Carcinoma in Denmark 2003-2019
Authors: Pedersen Jens , Jarløv Anne Elisabeth , Rasmussen Åse Krogh , Stochholm Kirstine 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a malignant tumor originating from the adrenal cortex. The aim of the study was to report the incidence of ACC and survival of ACC in Denmark. The secondary objective was to describe the impact of treatment with mitotane on survival.

Design
Retrospective population study of patients diagnosed with ACC between 2003 and 2019 in Denmark.

Methods
Individuals at risk for ACC were identified in the national Danish Health registries, and diagnosis of ACC was confirmed by review of the health records. Data on demographics, presentation, treatment, recurrence, and death was evaluated.

Results
138 patients were included in the study with more females (59.4%) than males (40.6%). Incidence rate was 1.4 per million per year. The incidence rate ratio significantly increased only in females by 1.06 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02-1.12] per year. Overall median survival was 1.93 (95% CI: 1.24-3.00) years with no differences between males and females. The proportion of patients treated with mitotane (either as adjuvant treatment or as part of a chemotherapeutic regime) was 72.3%. Survival was significantly decreased in women not treated with mitotane compared to women treated with mitotane (either as adjuvant or as part of a chemotherapeutic regime) hazards ratio .30 (95% CI: .10-.89), adjusted for European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumours score, age at diagnosis, and year of diagnosis, but survival was unaffected by mitotane treatment in men.

Conclusion
Incidence of ACC in Denmark was 1.4 per million per year and increased in women but not in males during the study period 2003-2019.
The benefits of a closed ICU: a systematic review
Authors: Belkin Or , Fernandez-Nava Luis , Sheikh Muneeza , Pang Alan , Schmitz Bettina , Vogt Chris , Johnston Robert , Phillips Cooper 
Published: January 2024

This study compared closed and open intensive care unit (ICU) models in terms of patient outcomes. Closed ICUs had reduced mortality rates, shorter lengths of stay, and lower healthcare-associated infection rates. Intensivists in closed ICUs contributed to better outcomes due to their expertise and competence. Enhanced interdisciplinary collaboration, improved communication, and coordination in closed ICUs led to higher patient and family satisfaction. In addition, closed ICUs were more cost-effective, with better resource use and reduced healthcare costs. Overall, closed ICU models have advantages in patient outcomes, better resource use, cost-effectiveness, and patient satisfaction compared to open ICU models.

Key words: Intensive care unit, ICU, patient outcomes, resource utilization, quality of care.
Pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with prior COVID-19 infections
Authors: Mallik Avantika , Motes Arunee , Payne Drew , Nugent Kenneth 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background: Patients with prior COVID-19 infections can develop persistent dyspnea and physical limitation. This may reflect chronic lung disease, chronic heart disease, or neuromuscular disease. Treatment approaches include pulmonary rehabilitation. This study analyzed the benefits of conventional pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic symptoms following COVID-19 infections.
Methods: Twenty-eight patients completed pulmonary rehabilitation at University Medical Center in Lubbock, Texas. The primary outcome was the time spent on four different types of exercise equipment during aerobic exercise sessions.
Results: This study included 15 women and 13 men, with a mean age of 54.4 years. The racial distribution included 12 White patients, 10 Hispanic patients, and 6 Black patients. Ten patients had a smoking history, 19 patients used supplemental oxygen, 14 patients had hypertension, and 11 patients had diabetes. The median COPD Assessment Test (CAT) score was 21.5 (Q1, Q3: 17.5,29), the median Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score was 8 (Q1, Q3: 4.5,15.5), and the median Medical Research Council (MRC) score was 2. Twenty-six patients had the abnormal chest x-rays within 3 months of starting the rehabilitation program; these included 5 patients with focal interstitial infiltrates, 9 patients with diffuse interstitial infiltrates, 6 patients with focal opacities, and 6 patients with bilateral opacities. These patients completed 22.9 (Q1, Q3: 6.8,36) exercise sessions. There were statistically significant increases in all machine times on all 4 machines.
Conclusion: This study indicates pulmonary rehabilitation can significantly increase aerobic activity levels in patients with prior COVID-19 infections. This improvement occurred in patients with important comorbidity, abnormal chest x-rays, and chronic oxygen supplementation requirements. Patients with prior COVID-19 infections and persistent respiratory symptoms should be referred to pulmonary rehabilitation.

Key words: COVID-19, long COVID, rehabilitation
Optimized design of a gravitational wave telescope system based on pupil aberration
Authors: Song Jie , Fan Wentong , Fang Sijun , Hai Hongwen , Zhao Kai , Luo Jian , Zhang Rui , Li Bohong , Sun Qicheng , Fan Lei , Li Zizheng , Yan Yong 
Published: January 2024

The telescope is vital for accurate gravitational wave detection in the TianQin project. It must meet criteria like a geometric tilt-to-length (TTL) coupling noise coefficient≤0.02√2nm/µrad and wavefront RMS≤λ/30. Analyzing the pupil aberration’s impact on geometric TTL noise, we devised an optimization method using the chief ray spot diagram’s standard deviation. Implementing this in Zemax with a ZPL macro, we designed an optical system meeting TianQin’s requirements. The system has a maximum geometric TTL noise coefficient of 0.0250 nm/µrad over the science FOV and a wavefront RMS of 0.0111λ, confirming the method’s feasibility.
Actuators and transmission mechanisms in rehabilitation lower limb exoskeletons: a review
Authors: Aliman Norazam , Ramli Rizauddin , Amiri Mohammad Soleimani 
Published: January 2024

AbstractResearch has shown that rehabilitation lower limb exoskeletons (RLLEs) are effective tools for improving recovery or regaining lower limb function. This device interacts with the limbs of patients. Thus, actuators and power transmission mechanisms are the key factors in determining smooth human‒machine interaction and comfort in physical therapy activities. A multitude of distinct technologies have been proposed. However, we questioned which consideration point in actuator selection and power transmission mechanisms are used for RLLE. A review of the technical characteristics and status of advanced RLLE designs is discussed. We review actuator selection for RLLE devices. Furthermore, the power transmission mechanisms over the years within each of the RLLE devices are presented. The development issues and possible research directions related to actuators and power transmission mechanisms are provided. Most RLLEs are still in the research phase, and only a few have been commercialized. The aim of this paper is to provide researchers with useful information for investigating technological progress and highlight the latest technological choices in RLLE development.
Elevated S100B urine levels predict seizures in infants complicated by perinatal asphyxia and undergoing therapeutic hypothermia
Authors: Bersani Iliana , Lapergola Giuseppe , Patacchiola Roberta , D’Adamo Ebe , Stuppia Liborio , de Laurenzi Vincenzo , Damiani Verena , Cataldo Ivana , Clemente Katia , Primavera Adele , Salomone Rita , Barbante Elisabetta , Campi Francesca , Savarese Immacolata , Ronci Sara , Dotta Andrea , Braguglia Annabella , Longo Daniela , Gavilanes Danilo A.W. , Gazzolo Francesca , Serpero Laura , Strozzi Maria Chiara , Maconi Antonio , Cassinari Maurizio , Libener Roberta , Gazzolo Diego 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Seizures (SZ) are one of the main complications occurring in infants undergoing therapeutic hypothermia (TH) due to perinatal asphyxia (PA) and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Phenobarbital (PB) is the first-line therapeutic strategy, although data on its potential side-effects need elucidation. We investigated whether: i) PB administration in PA-HIE TH-treated infants affects S100B urine levels, and ii) S100B could be a reliable early predictor of SZ.

Methods
We performed a prospective case-control study in 88 PA-HIE TH infants, complicated (n=44) or not (n=44) by SZ requiring PB treatment. S100B urine levels were measured at 11 predetermined monitoring time-points from first void up to 96-h from birth. Standard-of-care monitoring parameters were also recorded.

Results
S100B significantly increased in the first 24-h independently from HIE severity in the cases who later developed SZ and requested PB treatment. ROC curve analysis showed that S100B, as SZ predictor, at a cut-off of 2.78 μg/L achieved a sensitivity/specificity of 63 and 84 %, positive/negative predictive values of 83 and 64 %.

Conclusions
The present results offer additional support to the usefulness of S100B as a trustable diagnostic tool in the clinical daily monitoring of therapeutic and pharmacological procedures in infants complicated by PA-HIE.
Hodge numbers of motives attached to Kloosterman and Airy moments
Authors: Qin Yichen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFresán, Sabbah, and Yu constructed motivesMn+1k⁢(Kl){\mathrm{M}_{n+1}^{k}(\mathrm{Kl})}overℚ{\mathbb{Q}}encoding symmetric power moments of Kloosterman sums innvariables. Whenn=1{n=1}, they use the irregular Hodge filtration on the exponential mixed Hodge structure associated withM2k⁢(Kl){\mathrm{M}_{2}^{k}(\mathrm{Kl})}to compute the Hodge numbers ofM2k⁢(Kl){\mathrm{M}_{2}^{k}(\mathrm{Kl})}, which turn out to be either 0 or 1. In this article, I explain how to compute the (irregular) Hodge numbers ofMn+1k⁢(Kl){\mathrm{M}_{n+1}^{k}(\mathrm{Kl})}forn=2{n=2}or for general values ofnsuch thatgcd⁡(k,n+1)=1{\gcd(k,n+1)=1}. I will also discuss related motives attached to Airy moments constructed by Sabbah and Yu. In particular, the computation shows that there are Hodge numbers bigger than 1 in most cases.
Everyday Ethnicity and Popular Responses to Nation-Building Projects in Moldova After 1989
Authors: Negură Petru , Suveica Svetlana 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This introductory article highlights the main developments in the Republic of Moldova from the breakup of the Soviet Union to the present from the perspective of national sentiment and manifestations. Using Mark Beissinger’s concept of “tides of nationalism”, the article examines the bottom-up ethnic mobilisation between the “quiet” and the “noisy” phases of national projects in Moldova. With the persistence of the “quiet” phase of nationalism, in the last three decades, Moldova’s population transitioned from identification based on ethnicity to one focused on civic coexistence. However, Russia’s attack on Ukraine risks disrupting this balance, while contributing to the resurgence of ethnic sentiment at the expense of civic cohesion. Following an analysis of the literature in the field of “everyday nationalism”, the authors present the contributions to this thematic section, highlighting the relevance of the Republic of Moldova’s case within the regional and international context.
Serum anti-Müllerian hormone is lower in patients with multiple radioiodine dose for treatment of pediatric thyroid cancer
Authors: Barreto Marise Codeco de Andrade , Treistman Natalia , Cavalcante Lara Bessa Campelo Pinheiro , Bulzico Daniel , de Andrade Fernanda Accioly , Corbo Rossana , Alves Junior Paulo Alonso Garcia , Vaisman Fernanda 
Published: January 2024

Introduction
Treatment of patients with pediatric differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) often involves radioiodine (RAI), which is associated with increased risks of short- and long-term adverse outcomes. The impact of RAI treatment on the female reproductive system remains uncertain. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a marker of ovarian reserve and is related to fertility.

Objective
The aim was to analyze the association between RAI and serum AMH level in women treated with RAI.

Methods
We evaluated women with pediatric DTC treated with RAI at the age of ≤19 years. Serum AMH was measured.

Results
The study included 47 patients with a mean age of 25.1 years (12.4–50.8) at AMH measurement and follow-up of 11.8 ± 8.4 years. The mean RAI administered was 235 mCi (30–1150). Sixteen (34%) received multiple RAI doses (471 ± 215 mCi). Mean AMH level was 2.49 ng/mL (0.01–7.81); the level was 1.57 ng/mL (0.01–7.81) after multiple RAI doses and 2.99 ng/mL (0.01–6.63) after a single RAI dose (P = 0.01). Patients who received a cumulative RAI lower than 200 mCi had higher AMH levels (2.23 ng/mL, 0.39–7.81) than those who received more (1.0 ng/mL, 0.01–6.63; P = 0.02). In patients with similar cumulative RAI activities, administration of multiple RAI doses was significantly and independently associated with AMH level lower than the reference range for age (HR: 5.9, 1.55–52.2, P = 0.014) after age adjustments.

Conclusion
Levels of AMH were lower after multiple RAI doses, especially after a cumulative RAI dose above 200 mCi. More studies are needed to clarify the impact of RAI on fertility considering its cumulative activity and treatment strategy.