bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in Nitrogen-Containing Heterocyclic Scaffolds as
Antiviral Agents
Authors: Kanupriya  , Mittal Ravi Kumar , Sharma Vikram , Biswas Tanya , Mishra Isha 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
This study aims to provide a thorough analysis of nitrogen-containing heterocycles, focusing
on their therapeutic implications for the development of targeted and effective antiviral
drugs.

:
To better understand how nitrogen-containing heterocycles can be used to create antiviral drugs,
this review adopts a systematic literature review strategy to compile and analyze pertinent research
studies. It combines information from various fields to understand better the compounds' mode of
action and their therapeutic potential.

:
This review paper summarizes data from multiple sources to highlight the promising potential of
heterocycles containing nitrogen as promising possibilities for future antiviral treatments. The capacity
to engage selectively and modulate critical pathways bodes well for their use in developing
new viral therapies.

:
In conclusion, nitrogen-containing heterocycles are shown to be of utmost importance in the field
of medicinal chemistry, as emphasized by the review paper. It emphasizes the central importance of
chemical insights and pharmacological potential in developing novel and effective antiviral medicines
by bringing them together.
FMDVSerPred: A Novel Computational Solution for Foot-and-mouth Disease Virus Classification and Serotype Prediction Prevalent in Asia Using VP1 Nucleotide Sequence Data
Authors: Das Samarendra , Pal Soumen , Mahapatra Samyak , Biswal Jitendra K. , Pradhan Sukanta K. , Sahoo Aditya P. , Singh Rabindra Prasad 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Three serotypes of Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus have been circulating
in Asia, which are commonly identified by serological assays. Such tests are timeconsuming
and also need a bio-containment facility for execution. To the best of our knowledge,
no computational solution is available in the literature to predict the FMD virus serotypes. Thus,
this necessitates the urgent need for user-friendly tools for FMD virus serotyping.

Methods:
We presented a computational solution based on a machine-learning model for FMD
virus classification and serotype prediction. Besides, various data pre-processing techniques are
implemented in the approach for better model prediction. We used sequence data of 2509 FMD
virus isolates reported from India and seven other Asian FMD-endemic countries for model training,
testing, and validation. We also studied the utility of the developed computational solution in
a wet lab setup through collecting and sequencing of 12 virus isolates reported in India. Here, the
computational solution is implemented in two user-friendly tools, i.e., online web-prediction server
(https://nifmd-bbf.icar.gov.in/FMDVSerPred) and R statistical software package
(https://github.com/sam-dfmd/FMDVSerPred).

Results:
The random forest machine learning model is implemented in the computational solution,
as it outperformed seven other machine learning models when evaluated on ten test and independent
datasets. Furthermore, the developed computational solution provided validation accuracies
of up to 99.87% on test data, up to 98.64%, and 90.24% on independent data reported from
Asian countries, including India and its seven neighboring countries, respectively. In addition, our
approach was successfully used for predicting serotypes of field FMD virus isolates reported from
various parts of India.

Conclusion:
The high-throughput sequencing combined with machine learning offers a promising
solution to FMD virus serotyping.
Standardization and Pharmacological Evaluation of Ziziphus mauritiana Extract for Sedative and Anticonvulsant Activity in Mice and Rat
Authors: Siddique Nadim , Ved Akash , Shukla Karuna Shanker , Nigam Amit Kumar 
Published: January 2024

Introduction:
Ziziphus mauritiana, sometimes called Indian jujube or Ber, belongs
to the Rhamnaceae group of plants. The aqueous and ethanolic Ziziphus mauritiana formulations
were shown to have analgesic, antipyretic, potent analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-emetic
properties.

Aim & Objectives:
The aim of this study is to investigate the sedative and anticonvulsant activities of Ziziphus mauritiana extract by governing 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight orally

Material and Methods:
The leaves are extracted with ethanol and lukewarm water with a soxhlet apparatus for 72 hours. After that acute extract toxicity study was performed and then locomotor activity, pentobarbital induced sleeping time and anticonvulsant activity were per-formed with the extract.

Results:
Oral administration of extract at dosages of 200 & 400 mg/kg was employed after an immediate toxicity test. At a dosage of 400 mg/kg, the number of locomotions was reduced significantly lengthened the period of time spent sleeping and there was showed a dosage-de-pendent reduction in all phases of an epileptic episode.

Conclusion:
In this study, the extract reduced locomotor activity, however, it had a superior profile for an antiepileptic action than phenytoin since it decreased locomotor activity to a lesser level. The considerable increase in pentobarbitone sleep hours with the extracts at a higher dose supported the sedative action of Z. mauritiana.
Purple Carrot Extract Exhibits a Neuroprotective Profile in th e
Nigrostriatal Pathway in the Reserpine-induced Model of Parkinson ’s
Disease
Authors: Custódio-Silva Ana Claudia , Beserra-Filho Jose Ivo Araújo , Soares-Silva Beatriz , Maria-Macêdo Amanda , Silva-Martins Suellen , Silva Sara Pereira , Santos José Ronaldo , Silva Regina Helena , Ribeiro Daniel Araki , Ribeiro Alessandra Mussi 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder
characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway.
Even with scientific and technological advances, the therapeutic approaches used for the treatment
of PD have shown to be largely ineffective in controlling the progression of symptoms in
the long term. There is a growing demand for the development of novel therapeutic strategies
for PD treatment. Different herbs and supplements have been considered as adjuvant to treat the
symptoms of Parkinsonism. The carrot is one of the most consumed vegetable species worldwide,
and its root is known for its content of anthocyanins, which possess antioxidant and antiinflammatory
properties. This study evaluated the neuroprotective effect of purple carrot extract
(CAR) in rats on the reserpine (RES)-induced progressive parkinsonism model.

Methods:
Male rats (6-month-old) received orally the CAR (400 mg/kg) or vehicle and subcutaneously
RES (0.01 mg/kg) or vehicle for 28 days (Preventive Phase). From the 29th day, rats
received CAR or vehicle daily and RES (0.1 mg/kg) or vehicle every other day (for 23 days,
Protective phase). Behavioral tests were conducted throughout the treatment. Upon completion,
the animals’ brain were processed for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemical assessment.

Results:
Our results showed that the chronic treatment of CAR protected against motor disabilities,
reducing the time of catalepsy behavior and decreasing the frequency of oral movements,
possibly by preserving TH levels in the Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) and SNpc.

Conclusion:
CAR extract is effective to attenuate motor symptoms in rats associated with increased
TH+ levels in the Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) and SNpc, indicating the potential
nutraceutical benefits of CAR extract in a progressive parkinsonism model induced by RES.
Antihypertensive and ACE-2 Inhibitory Effects of Daphne gnidium in Rats
Authors: Bouadid Ismail , Qabouche Adil , Eddouks Mohamed 
Published: January 2024

Aims:
The antihypertensive activity of Daphne gnidium was tested.

Background:
Daphne gnidium (Thymelaeaceae) is used against hypertension.

Objective:
The antihypertensive effect of Daphne gnidium was evaluated in this study.

Methods:
The effect of Daphne gnidium aqueous extract (DGAE, 100 and 180 mg/kg) on blood
pressure was evaluated in rats. In addition, the vasorelaxant effect of this extract was also tested.

Results:
DGAE lowered blood pressure in hypertensive rats and exhibited vasorelaxant activity.
In addition, cumulative concentrations of DGAE induced vasodilatation through receptoractivated
calcium channels (ROCCs) without affecting ACE-2.

Conclusion:
The aqueous extract of Daphne gnidium exhibits antihypertensive activity and induces
vasodilatation via the inhibition of Ca2+ entry.
Strategies to Overcome Antimicrobial Resistance in Nosocomial
Infections, A Review and Update
Authors: Bakhtiyari Nasim , Farajnia Safar , Ghasemali Samaneh , Farajnia Sahar , Pormohammad Ali , Saeidvafa Shabnam 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
Nosocomial infections, also known as healthcare-associated infections, are a significant
global concern due to their strong association with high mortality and morbidity in both
developed and developing countries. These infections are caused by a variety of pathogens,
particularly the ESKAPE group of bacteria, which includes the six pathogens Enterococcus
faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp. These bacteria have demonstrated noteworthy resistance
to different antibiotics.

:
Antimicrobial resistance mechanisms can manifest in various forms, including restricting drug
uptake, modifying drug targets, inactivating drugs, active drug efflux, and biofilm formation.
Accordingly, various strategies have been developed to combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
These strategies encompass the development of new antibiotics, the utilization of bacteriophages
that specifically target these bacteria, antimicrobial combination therapy and the use of
peptides or enzymes that target the genomes or essential proteins of resistant bacteria.

:
Among promising approaches to overcome antibiotic resistance, the CRISPR/Cas system
stands out and offers many advantages. This system enables precise and efficient editing of
genetic material at specific locations in the genome. Functioning as a bacterial "adaptive immune
system," the CRISPR/Cas system recognizes, degrades, and remembers foreign DNA
sequences through the use of spacer DNA segments that are transcribed into CRISPR RNAs
(crRNA).

:
This paper has focused on nosocomial infections, specifically the pathogens involved in hospital
infections, the mechanisms underlying bacterial resistance, and the strategies currently employed
to address this issue. Special emphasis has been placed on the application of
CRISPR/Cas technology for overcoming antimicrobial resistance.
Edible Vaccines: A Patent-Driven Exploration of Immunization Technologies
Authors: Kashyap Sahil , Kamboj Rohit , Kamboj Shikha , Guarve Kumar , Kamboj Sweta 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
Vaccines are biological preparations that improve immunity to particular diseases.
Particularly for poor developing nations, edible vaccines show significant potential
as a financially advantageous, simple to administer, straightforward to store, fail-safe,
and socially and culturally acceptable vaccine delivery system. A vaccine incorporates
the gene-encoding bacterial or viral disease-causing agent in plants without losing its
immunogenic property. Potatoes, tomatoes, rice, soybeans, and bananas are the primary
plants for edible vaccines. It activates the systemic and mucosal immunity responses
against a foreign disease-causing organism. It offers exciting possibilities to reduce diseases
like hepatitis B, rabies, HIV/AIDS (human immunodeficiency virus infection and
acquired immune deficiency syndrome), etc. These vaccines provide many benefits, like
being convenient to administer, efficiently storing, and readily acceptable drug delivery
systems for patients of different age groups. So, an edible vaccine may be the most convenient
vaccine to improve immunity. However, there are a lot of technical and regulatory
challenges to overcome in the way of edible vaccine technology. Though all seem
surmountable, various technical obstacles and regulatory and non-scientific challenges
need to be overcome. Moreover, edible vaccine patents represent a cutting-edge area of
biotechnology, where the integration of genetic material into edible substances holds
great promise for revolutionizing vaccination methods. These patents aim to harness the
potential of plants and other edibles to stimulate immune responses, offering a potential
alternative to traditional injectable vaccines. This review states the technologies, host
plants, current status, recent patents, the future of this new preventive modality, and different
regulatory issues concerning edible vaccines.
Prevalence and Antibiogram of Escherichia coli Isolated from Children Under Five
Years of Age Presented with Acute Diarrhoea: Cross Sectional Study from a Tertiary
Care Centre in South India
Authors: Thattil Santhosh J. , Ajith Thekkuttuparambil A. 
Published: January 2024

Aim:
The study aimed to analyze the prevalence and antibiogram of E. coli isolated from stool sample cultures collected from children below five years of age who were presented with acute diarrhoea in a tertiary care centre.

Background:
Multidrug-resistant strains of diarrheagenic E. coliremain a major public health concern for greater morbidity and mortality. Antibiotic resistance and susceptibility patterns of E. coli were found to vary with geographical location.

Objective:
To determine the prevalence and antibiogram of E. coli isolated from cultures of diarrhoea stool samples collected from children below five years of age from laboratory records.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was designed to analyze the report on stool culture of children (aged below five years) presented with acute diarrhea during the period between 2017 and 2020. The prevalence of E. coli and its antibiogram were analyzed. The data were subjected to statis-tical analysis.

Results:
A total of 245 diarrhoea stool samples results were analyzed. E. coli was confirmed in 176 samples (72%). More number of isolates (51/176, 28.9%) were found in children below one year of age with male dominance. Amoxicillin resistance was found in all the E. coli strains isolated with no significant difference (p=0.2233) between genders and age groups below and above one year. A significant difference (p=0.0001) was found between male and female chil-dren of age below and above one year for cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin resistance. Polymyxin B (72%) followed by imipenem (69%) sensitivity was exhibited by the isolated E. coli strains.

Conclusion:
E. coli isolates were more sensitive to polymyxin B and imipenem while they were most resistant to amoxicillin. Effective antibiotic treatment strategies should be developed to control E. coli infections in children.
The Know-how of Polymeric Nanocarrier Based Vaginal Drug Delivery
System: Pitfalls, Challenges and Trends
Authors: Kanojiya Pranita , Wadetwar Rita , Karemore Megha , Prasad Satyendra 
Published: January 2024

Objective:
Gynecological health is a global concern, and thus, the formulator researcher
strives to improve the quality of life through innovative feminine pharmaceutical formulations. Vaginal
delivery appears to be one of the vital strategies for local and systemic action of the therapeutically
active agent. The rich vascular network, mucosal permeability, bypass of hepatic first-pass effect,
and low enzymatic activity are the exclusive advantages of the vaginal route. But certain hindrances
truncate the vaginal route, such as physiological factors including lower pH, self-cleansing
mucus with constant secretion, and varying thickness of mucus layer due to menstrual cycle and microbiota.

Significance of Review:
This present review envisages the advances in the polymeric nanocarriers
in the delivery to the vaginal route. Polymeric (mucoadhesive and PEGylated, etc.) nanocarriers
have been recently utilized for drug delivery purposes. The modernized analysis of the updated advancements
in the polymeric nanocarrier-based vaginal drug delivery system with the budding development
is compiled in the present review.

Result:
The literature search reveals that the novel polymeric nanocarrier design strategies currently
being proposed to perk up the delivery of customary drugs through the vaginal route prove effective.

Conclusion:
Polymeric nanocarrier for vaginal delivery has provided better therapeutic efficacy due
to higher drug residence, improved permeation, and sustained release of the active therapeutic agent.
The polymeric nanocarriers can deliver various proteins, peptides, nuclear materials, hormones, etc.,
vaginally that are difficult for administration.
ANN-fuzzy Hybrid Control Strategy for MPPT of Grid-connected PV System with Battery Storage under Fast-changing Atmospheric Condition
Authors: Ahessab Hajar , Hakam Youness , Gaga Ahmed , Elhaddadi Benachir 
Published: January 2024

Background:
The use of solar energy through photovoltaic arrays is continually expanding
and has recently been regarded as one of the cleanest sources of energy. Increasing the
amount of electricity provided to the load is one method for lowering the cost of solar systems.
Contrarily, altering the load creates a divergence from the maximum power point (MPP) and
changes the operating point of the solar conversion system.

Methods:
Due to this, attention has been given to MPPT techniques that can be used with solar
systems in numerous research investigations. In this paper, we implement an MPPT method
based on an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). This method combined two controllers, ANN
and fuzzy logic controller, under the name ANN-Fuzzy logic hybrid. In the first stage, ANN can
determine Vmpp from irradiation and temperature, and both of them are variable. In the second
stage, this Vmpp has been corrected by implementing Fuzzy logic in order to minimize the error
of the voltage and VmPP.

Results:
ANN-fuzzy hybrid has been simulated in Matlab-Simulink and was found to be the
best solution to follow the maximum power point when irradiation and temperature are varied.
The energy extracted from PV is delivered to a battery in order to inject this power into the
smart grid by using an inverter controlled by PID. Finally, a LC filter has been used to eliminate
the harmonics and compensate for the reactive power.

Conclusion:
For energy storage, we consider the utilization of lithium-ion batteries, which are
recognized as an optimal solution for storing energy efficiently. To manage the charge and discharge
of the battery, we employ a PID controller and a buck-boost converter. Through this research,
we aim to explore the performance and effectiveness of the hybrid ANN-fuzzy simulation
for the boost converter system. By combining the capabilities of ANN and fuzzy logic, we
expect to achieve improved control and optimization of the power conversion processes in the
system. Additionally, the integration of lithium-ion batteries and the use of the PID controller
and buck-boost converter allow for efficient management of energy storage and retrieval. Overall,
this study investigates the hybrid ANN-fuzzy simulation for the boost converter system,
highlighting the integration of various components and control techniques to enhance the performance
and efficiency of the system.
Multi-objective based Hybrid Artificial Intelligence Controlled Parallel Inverter in Islanded and Grid Connected Operations
Authors: Gaddameedhi Sravanthy , Srinivas P. , Sagar E. Vidya 
Published: January 2024

Background:
The Integration of non-conventional energy systems (NCES), like solar,
wind, etc., into the grid with power electronic devices is adapted to meet the demand. Parallel
connection of inverters (PCI) is an efficient method to boost power handling capacity, reliability,
and system efficiency. However, the main drawback is the unequal power sharing among the inverters
while using the conventional droop control technique (CDC). In addition, the circulating
currents (CC) flow between these PCI, leading to common mode voltage (CMV), current waveform
distortion, and reduction in the system's overall performance.

Objectives:
This work consists of a photovoltaic system (PVS) and battery energy storage system
(BES) as the distributed generation (DG) unit to voltage source inverter (VSI) 1 and 2. The multi-
objectives of the suggested work are (a) the equal power/load sharing among two inverters, (b)
effective minimization of CC and the CMV, (c) maintaining constant DC-link (DCL) voltage
during different solar irradiation and constant temperature, and (d) the reduction in total harmonic
distortion (THD) of load current.

Methods:
A novel approach related to the enhanced droop control (EDC) method with an adaptive
neuro-fuzzy hybrid controller (ANFHC) was suggested here to overcome the above issues.
The performance analysis of the suggested technique was done in the Matlab/ Simulink platform
with islanded and grid-connected modes for different loads.

Results:
A comparative analysis with the available methods like the proportional integral controller
(PIC) and sliding mode controller (SMC) was carried out to exhibit the viability of the developed
control technique.

Conclusion:
This study focused on the operation and control of a PCI with ANFHC in islanded
and grid-connected modes to address issues such as uniform power sharing and reduction of CC
and CMV.
Potential of Biomaterials in Advancing Neuroprotection
Authors: Dhoundiyal Shivang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
Biomaterials have emerged as promising tools in the field of neuroprotection,
offering innovative approaches for the treatment of neurological disorders and
injuries. This review provides an overview of the role of biomaterials in neuroprotection,
focusing on their advancements in drug delivery systems, neural tissue engineering,
bioactive coatings, and implants. We explore the mechanisms of action of biomaterials
and their potential to enhance neuroprotection. Additionally, we discuss the
preclinical evaluation of biomaterials, the use of animal models, and their translation
to clinical applications. The future perspective highlights emerging trends, including
nanotechnology, smart biomaterials, and the integration of biomaterials with cellbased
therapies. These advancements, along with considerations of ethics, sustainability,
and cost-effectiveness, hold great promise for advancing neuroprotective interventions
and improving outcomes for patients with neurological conditions.
Immune-endocrine Interactions and Remodelling of Testicular Cells’
Metabolic Homeostasis During SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Ghosh Suvendu , Singha Partha Sarathi , Ghosh Debosree 
Published: January 2024

:
The testis is the site for the production of sperm and testosterone. There exists a natural
blood-testis barrier in order to maintain the internal metabolic homeostasis of the male gonads. Variation
in metabolic homeostasis may lead to unexplained fertility issues, reduced production of sperm,
production of deformed, non-viable sperm, and hamper the production of testosterone during SARSCoV-
2 infection along with physiological systems of the human body in different situations. The
male reproductive system than female is more adversely affected by the immune changes due to viral
infection. There occurs a significant immune–endocrine interaction in the gonads, which can be more
precisely termed an “immune-neuroendocrine interaction”. The “hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal
axis” plays an important role in maintaining the normal metabolic homeostasis of the testis. The net
impact is a change and reordering of the testicular metabolic homeostasis, leading to compromised
male infertility in post-COVID-19 infected individuals. This review is a brief account of the immune
and endocrine interactions that occur in the testis during COVID-19 infection, leading to remodeling
of the testicular metabolic homeostasis by various mechanisms, which ultimately may lead to infertility
in individuals who have been infected by the Coronavirus.