bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A HYPERRELATIONAL APPROACH TO INTEGRATION AND MANIPULATION OF DATA IN MULTIDATABASE SYSTEMS
Authors: LEE CHIANG , WU MING-CHUAN 
Published: September 2004

The issue of interoperability among multiple autonomous databases has attracted a lot of attention from researchers in these years. The past research on this issue can be roughly divided into two main categories: the tightly-integrated approach that integrate databases by building an integrated schema and the loosely-integrated approach that achieves interoperability by using a multidatabase language. Most of the past efforts focused on the issues in the first approach. The problem with the first approach is, however, that it lacks a convenient representation of the integrated schema at the system level and a sound mathematical basis for data manipulation in a multidatabase system. In this paper, we propose to use hyperrelations as a powerful and succinct model for the global level representation of heterogeneous database schemas. A hyperrelation has the structure of a relation, but its contents are the schemas of the semantically equivalent local relations in the databases. With this representation, the metadata of the global database, local databases and the data of these databases are all representable by using the structure of a relation. The impact of such a representation is that all the elegant features of relational systems can be easily extended to multidatabase systems. A hyperrelational algebra is designed accordingly. This algebra is performed at the multidatabase systems (MDBS) level such that query transformation and optimization is supported on a sound mathematical basis. The major contributions of this paper include: (1) Local relations of various schemas (even though they retain information of the same semantics) can be systematically mapped to hyperrelations. As the structure of a hyperrelation is similar to that of a relation, data manipulation and management tasks (such as design of the global query language and the view mechanism) are greatly facilitated. (2) The hyperrelational algebra provides a sound basis for query transformation and optimization in a MDBS.
LANGUAGE FEATURES FOR COOPERATION IN AN OBJECT-ORIENTED DATABASE ENVIRONMENT
Authors: EVEN SUSAN J. , FAASE FRANS J. , DE BY ROLF A. 
Published: September 2004

We introduce the language LOTOS/TM for the formal specification of a network of cooperating agents with a shared data repository and private local data. LOTOS/TM is the orthogonal integration of the process-algebraic protocol specification language LOTOS and the functional, object-oriented database specification language TM. The specified world consists of a number of interacting LOTOS processes — describing the cooperating agents — and a special LOTOS process representing the shared data repository, which is modeled as a TM database. The data repository's functionality is made available to the other, cooperating processes through one or more external database gates. Interaction at such a gate corresponds to a method invocation in the database. In addition to shared persistent data, the TM language is used to specify the data encapsulated locally within processes, and the transient data communicated over gates. Some features of LOTOS/TM are inherently suitable for describing cooperation, such as combinators for synchronization on specific methods. These features are illustrated by examples showing navigation events on a shared graph structure that resembles a hypertext. Emphasis in the examples is placed on coordination aspects of the scenario. LOTOS/TM serves as a formalism for a more user-friendly specification language by the name of CoCoA that is currently under construction.
A UNIFIED APPROACH TO REAL-TIME, MULTI-RESOLUTION, MULTI-BASELINE 2D VIEW SYNTHESIS AND 3D DEPTH ESTIMATION USING COMMODITY GRAPHICS HARDWARE
Authors: YANG RUIGANG , POLLEFEYS MARC , YANG HUA , WELCH GREG 
Published: September 2004

We present a new method for using commodity graphics hardware to achieve real-time, on-line, 2D view synthesis or 3D depth estimation from two or more calibrated cameras. Our method combines a 3D plane-sweeping approach with 2D multi-resolution color consistency tests. We project camera imagery onto each plane, compute measures of color consistency throughout the plane at multiple resolutions, and then choose the color or depth (corresponding plane) that is most consistent. The key to achieving real-time performance is our use of the advanced features included with recent commodity computer graphics hardware to implement the computations simultaneously (in parallel) across all reference image pixels on a plane. Our method is relatively simple to implement, and flexible in term of the number and placement of cameras. With two cameras and an NVIDIA GeForce4 graphics card we can achieve 50–70 M disparity evaluations per second, including image download and read-back overhead. This performance matches the fastest available commercial software-only implementation of correlation-based stereo algorithms, while freeing up the CPU for other uses.
COMPLEXITY PERCEPTION — MODEL DEVELOPMENT AND ANALYSIS OF TWO TECHNICAL PLATFORM PROJECTS IN THE MOBILE PHONES INDUSTRY
Authors: DAWIDSON OLA , KARLSSON MARTIN , TRYGG LARS 
Published: September 2004

This paper shows that underlying parameters of perceived complexity in the development of a technical platform in the mobile telecommunications industry can be presented in a model consisting of four parameters, divided into three levels. The parameters refer to the number of interrelated parts, type of dependency among these parts, uncertainty in goals, and uncertainty in methods. These complexity parameters can further be found on different levels — external organization, internal organization, and product. The study also shows that these underlying parameters come into play differently in different settings, e.g. how these parameters are perceived is highly dependent on the specific situation. The settings analyzed in this paper concern two technical platform projects of mobile phones at Ericsson Communication Systems (ECS), Sweden.
HANDLING IMPERFECT USER STATEMENTS IN REAL-LIFE DECISION ANALYSIS
Authors: DANIELSON MATS 
Published: September 2004

Using established techniques from operations research (linear programming) and well-known measures of probability and value, we present a computational representation and evaluation of imperfect, imprecise user statements in decision analysis. The presentation starts with the structure of a decision problem and a model of the situation is discussed. The courses of action are represented by consequence sets in the decision structure. Statements could have an interval form to reflect the translation of the imperfect input data.Statistical decision theory is utilized to discriminate between alternatives. Dealing with imprecise statements means encountering decision situations where different alternatives are to prefer in different parts of the consistent solution space to the constraints. Consequently, selection rules based on traditional admissibility are not enough to indicate preferred choices. New admissibility concepts and a procedure for analyzing such situations are discussed. An algorithm for optimizing bilinear functions that does not even require LP is presented.
SUPERSEQUENCES OF MASKS FOR OLIGO-CHIPS
Authors: GUÉNOCHE A. 
Published: September 2004

On a very small surface, a chip, several thousands of oligonucleotides, can be synthesized using a mask technology. Given a set of oligos, the problems tackled here are: • What is the minimum number of masks necessary to synthesize one copy of each oligo? • How long will be the series of masks if each oligo is synthesized twice, such that the two copies are realized with two completely different series of masks? We establish that, for 20,000 oligos of 20 bases a single copy can be synthesized with around 67 masks and for two copies with less than the double.
Thrombophilia and pregnancy complications
Authors: Grabowski Eric , Hellgren Margaretta , Kenet Gili , Massicotte Patricia , Manco-Johnson Marilyn , Mathew Prasad , Muntean Wolfgang , Schlegel Nicole , Nowak-Göttl Ulrike , Brenner Benjamin 
Published: September 2004

SummaryThe implications of currently available data on the association of gestational vascular complications with thrombophilia are presented in this consensus report. Screening is recommended for women with the following previous complications: fetal loss including three or more first trimester loss, two or more second trimester loss, or any stillbirth; early, severe or recurrent preeclampsia and severe intrauterine growth restriction. Maternal antithrombotic therapy is currently evaluated in women with thrombophilia and previous complications.On behalf of the Scientific Subcommittee on Perinatal and Pediatric Hemostasis and Working Group on Women’s health Issues and Standardization Committee of the International Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis.
Damage Mechanisms of Hat-Shaped GRP Beams
Authors: Eksik O. , Shenoi R. A. , Blake J. I. R. , Jeong H. K. 
Published: September 2004

In this study, the behaviour of hat-shaped glass-reinforced plastic (GRP) composite beams was investigated experimentally and numerically to predict the effect of different material composition on: • Flexural stiffness of the beams • Ultimate collapse strength of beams • Failure mechanisms of the beams The materials used in this study were chopped strand mat (CSM) in different weight e.g., 600, 450 and 225 g/m2 and 1600 g/m2 unidirectional (UD) glass fibre, 600 g/m2 woven rowing (WR) and 600 g/m2 biaxial [±45°] with polyester resin (isopthalic and orthopthalic) and polyurethane (PU) foam. Two types of top hat composite beam have been tested under four-point bending loads. The finite element predictions were compared with the test data and good agreement was obtained.
Impactor Mass Effects in Glass–Epoxy Composites Subjected to Repeated Drop Tests
Authors: Sugun B. S. , Rao R. M. V. G. K. 
Published: September 2004

Experimental studies were carried out to understand the impactor mass effects on glass–epoxy composites using an instrumented impact machine (DYNATUP 8250) under low-velocity test conditions. Repeated drop tests were carried out at pre-determined energy levels for selective mass height combinations. Number of drops to failure (Nf) was chosen as the damage criterion. Analysis of test results clearly showed that, at low incident energies, heavier impactors caused more damage to the laminates as reflected by their lower number of drops to failure. This effect diminished gradually at relatively higher incident energies.
‘Just a Temp?’
Authors: Casey Catherine , Alach Petricia 
Published: September 2004

Women’s continued high rate of participation in non-standard employment, especially temporary and part-time jobs, attracts much critical concern. Many social analysts of work regard non-standard employment as heightening risks of economic insecurity, workplace exploitation and social marginalization. Labour economists regard temporary and part-time work as comprising ‘secondary’labour markets and workers in this sector as ‘secondary earners’.Many analysts consider women’s over-representation in this sector to be a consequence of women’s exclusion from primary sector employment and its expected better conditions. This article develops an interpretive analysis of a qualitative study of 45 women temporary workers in New Zealand in 2001–2002.The experiences and aspirations with respect to work of this particular sample of women currently engaged in temporary employment relations indicate some divergent trajectories from those more commonly observed. In contrast to most current depictions of women and temporary employment, the findings indicate that some women are striving to practise their own preferential employment arrangements in ways that actively challenge conventional economic assumptions of employment behaviour and traditional trajectories of women’s lives.The article proposes that these efforts may indicate alternative oppositional strategies to normative acceptance of qualitatively degraded jobs and employment relations.
Work and Family Life Balance
Authors: Fagnani Jeanne , Letablier Marie-Thérèse 
Published: September 2004

Is it sufficient to reduce working time to improve the work and family balance? This article attempts to answer this question by analyzing the impact of the French law reducing the working week to 35 hours on the daily life, as perceived by parents with a young child under six years old. Six out of ten respondents reported a positive impact of the reduction on their work/family balance. Their judgment is dependent on the organization of work, whether it is regular and based on standard working hours or irregular schedules. It is also correlated to the negotiation process in the workplace. Inequalities between workers are revealed: between those employed in sheltered economic sectors and ‘family-friendly’ companies, and those who have to accept unsocial or flexible hours of work in exchange of a reduction of their working time.The article concludes that the 35-hours law has widened the gap between these two groups of workers irrespective of gender and professional status.
Configuring Large High-Performance Clusters at Lightspeed: A Case Study
Authors: Papadopoulos Philip M. , Papadopoulos Caroline A. , Katz Mason J. , Link William J. , Bruno Greg 
Published: September 2004

Over a decade ago, the TOP500 list was started as a way to measure supercomputers by their sustained performance on a particular linear algebra benchmark. Once reserved for the exotic machines and extremely well-funded centers and laboratories, commodity clusters now make it possible for smaller groups to deploy and use high performance machines in their own laboratories. This paper describes a weekend activity where two existing 128-node commodity clusters were fused into a single 256-node cluster for the specific purpose of running the benchmark used to rank the machines in the TOP500 supercomputer list. The resulting metacluster sits on the November 2002 list at position 233. A key differentiator for this cluster is that it was assembled, in terms of its software, from the NPACI Rocks open-source cluster toolkit as downloaded from the public website. The toolkit allows non-cluster experts to deploy and run supercomputer-class machines in a matter of hours instead of weeks or months. With the exception of recompiling the University of Tennessee’s Automatically Tuned Linear Algebra Subroutines (ATLAS) library with a recommended version of the GNU C compiler, this metacluster ran a “stock” Rocks distribution. Successful first-time deployment of the fused cluster was completed in a scant 6 h. Partitioning of the metacluster and restoration of the two 128-node clusters to their original configuration was completed in just over 40 min. This paper describes early (pre-weekend) benchmark activities to empirically determine reasonably good parameters for the High Performance Linpack (HPL) code on both Ethernet and Myrinet interconnects. It fully describes the physical layout of the machine, the description-based installation methods used in Rocks to re-deploy two independent clusters as a single cluster, and gives the benchmark results that were gathered over the 40-h period allotted for the complete experiment. In addition, we describe some of the on-line monitoring and measurement techniques that were employed during the experiment. Finally, we point out the issues uncovered with a commodity cluster of this size. The techniques presented in this paper truly bring supercomputers into the hands of the masses of computational scientists.
Assessment of a Music-Based Multimedia Program for People with Dementia
Authors: Topo Päivi , Mäki Outi , Saarikalle Kristiina , Clarke Nick , Begley Emer , Cahill Suzanne , Arenlind Jennie , Holthe Torhild , Morbey Hazel , Hayes Karen , Gilliard Jane 
Published: September 2004

Music in different forms is widely used in dementia care and several studies have shown that music-based activities support the well-being of people with dementia. The aim of this article is to describe the first results of an assessment study of a music-based multimedia program called ‘Picture Gramophone’ (PG). The assessment was carried out in dementia day care units ( n= 5) in Finland, Ireland, Norway and the UK. In this article we describe the results from the first three weeks. Altogether, 28 people participated in the first interview and five dropped out over the three weeks. Most participants used the PG and, according to staff, most of them benefited from its use. Our results suggest that multimedia products can be used in dementia care if support is available and the design of the product takes into account the user requirements of people with dementia.
Both proteasomes and lysosomes degrade the activated erythropoietin receptor
Authors: Walrafen Pierre , Verdier Frédérique , Kadri Zahra , Chrétien Stany , Lacombe Catherine , Mayeux Patrick 
Published: September 2004

AbstractActivation of the erythropoietin receptor (EpoR) after Epo binding is very transient because of the rapid activation of strong down-regulation mechanisms that quickly decrease Epo sensitivity of the cells. Among these down-regulation mechanisms, receptor internalization and degradation are probably the most efficient. Here, we show that the Epo receptor was rapidly ubiquitinated after ligand stimulation and that the C-terminal part of the Epo receptor was degraded by the proteasomes. Both ubiquitination and receptor degradation by the proteasomes occurred at the cell surface and required Janus kinase 2 (Jak2) activation. Moreover, Epo-EpoR complexes were rapidly internalized and targeted to the lysosomes for degradation. Neither Jak2 nor proteasome activities were required for internalization. In contrast, Jak2 activation was necessary for lysosome targeting of the Epo-EpoR complexes. Blocking Jak2 with the tyrphostin AG490 led to some recycling of internalized Epo-Epo receptor complexes to the cell surface. Thus, activated Epo receptors appear to be quickly degraded after ubiquitination by 2 proteolytic systems that proceed successively: the proteasomes remove part of the intracellular domain at the cell surface, and the lysosomes degrade the remaining part of the receptor-hormone complex. The efficiency of these processes probably explains the short duration of intracellular signaling activated by Epo.
The role of CCL21 in recruitment of T-precursor cells to fetal thymi
Authors: Liu Cunlan , Ueno Tomoo , Kuse Sachiyo , Saito Fumi , Nitta Takeshi , Piali Luca , Nakano Hideki , Kakiuchi Terutaka , Lipp Martin , Hollander Georg A. , Takahama Yousuke 
Published: September 2004

AbstractDuring embryonic development, T-lymphoid precursor cells colonize the thymus. Chemoattraction by the fetal thymus is thought to mediate T-precursor cell colonization. However, the molecules that attract T-precursor cells to the thymus remain unclear. By devising time-lapse visualization in culture, the present results show that alymphoid fetal thymus lobes attract T-precursor cells from fetal liver or fetal blood. CD4–CD8–CD25–CD44+ fetal thymocytes retained the activity to specifically re-enter the thymus. The attraction was predominantly due to I-A–expressing thymic epithelial cells and was mediated by pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein signals. Among the chemokines produced by the fetal thymus, CCL21, CCL25, and CXCL12 could attract CD4–CD8–CD25–CD44+ fetal thymocytes. However, fetal thymus colonization was markedly diminished by neutralizing antibodies specific for CCL21 and CCL25, but not affected by anti-CXCL12 antibody. Fetal thymus colonization was partially defective in CCL21-deficient plt/plt mice and was further diminished by anti-CCL25 antibody. These results indicate that CCL21 is involved in the recruitment of T-cell precursors to the fetal thymus and suggest that the combination of CCL21 and CCL25 plays a major role in fetal thymus colonization.
Hmgb3 deficiency deregulates proliferation and differentiation of common lymphoid and myeloid progenitors
Authors: Nemeth Michael J. , Cline Amanda P. , Anderson Stacie M. , Garrett-Beal Lisa J. , Bodine David M. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractHmgb3 is an X-linked member of a family of chromatin-binding proteins that is expressed in primitive hematopoietic cells capable of long-term hematopoietic repopulation. To examine the role of Hmgb3 in adult hematopoiesis, we generated Hmgb3-deficient (Hmgb3–/Y) mice, which are viable but erythrocythemic. Hmgb3–/Y mice contain normal numbers of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which generate fewer than normal numbers of common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs) and common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) and greater than normal numbers of more mature progenitors. Although fewer Hmgb3–/Y primitive progenitor cells are in the G2/M cell cycle phase, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation demonstrated enhanced proliferation compared with their wild-type counterparts. Hmgb3–/Y HSCs have increased levels of Gata-2 and c-myb mRNA. We propose that Hmgb3 deficiency leads to a failure of HSCs to expand into normal numbers of CLPs and CMPs. This defect is compensated for by the ability of Hmgb3–/Y progenitors to expand rapidly and differentiate into normal numbers of hematopoietic cells.
Comparison of Crocus sativus L. and imipramine in the treatment of mild to moderate depression: A pilot double-blind randomized trial [ISRCTN45683816]
Authors: Akhondzadeh Shahin , Fallah-Pour Hasan , Afkham Khosro , Jamshidi Amir-Hossein , Khalighi-Cigaroudi Farahnaz 
Published: September 2004

Abstract
Background
The morbidity and mortality associated with depression are considerable and continue to increase. Depression currently ranks fourth among the major causes of disability worldwide, after lower respiratory infections, prenatal conditions, and HIV/AIDS. Crocus sativus L. is used to treat depression. Many medicinal plants textbooks refer to this indication whereas there is no evidence-based document. Our objective was to compare the efficacy of stigmas of Crocus sativus (saffron) with imipramine in the treatment of mild to moderate depression in a 6-week pilot double-blind randomized trial.

Methods
Thirty adult outpatients who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition for major depression based on the structured clinical interview for DSM IV participated in the trial. Patients have a baseline Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score of at least 18. In this double-blind, single-center trial, patients were randomly assigned to receive capsule of saffron 30 mg/day (TDS) (Group 1) and capsule of imipramine 100 mg/day (TDS) (Group 2) for a 6-week study.

Results
Saffron at this dose was found to be effective similar to imipramine in the treatment of mild to moderate depression (F = 2.91, d.f. = 1, P = 0.09). In the imipramine group anticholinergic effects such as dry mouth and also sedation were observed more often that was predictable.

Conclusion
The main overall finding from this study is that saffron may be of therapeutic benefit in the treatment of mild to moderate depression. To the best of our knowledge this is the first clinical trial that supports this indication for saffron. A large-scale trial with placebo control is warranted.