bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between inflammatory bowel disease, nephrolithiasis, tubulointerstitial nephritis, and chronic kidney disease: A propensity score‐matched analysis of US nationwide inpatient sample 2016–2018
Authors: Zheng Wei Wei , Zhou Quan , Xue Meng Li , Yu Xing , Chen Jin Tong , Ao Lu , Wang Cheng Dang 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivesThe incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), mainly including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), are increasing globally. We aimed to evaluate the potential association between IBD and nephrolithiasis, tubulointerstitial nephritis, and chronic kidney disease (CKD).MethodsData of hospitalized adults ≥20 years of age were extracted from the U.S. National Inpatient Sample (NIS) during 2016–2018. Patients with UC, CD, or CKD were identified through the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD‐10) codes. Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis (1:1) was conducted to balance the characteristics between groups. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the relationships between UC or CD and kidney conditions.ResultsThree cohorts were included for analysis after PSM analysis. Cohorts 1, 2 and 3 contained 235 262 subjects (117 631 with CD or without IBD), 140 856 subjects (70 428 with UC or without IBD), and 139 098 subjects (69 549 with CD or UC), respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that compared to non‐IBD individuals, CD patients were significantly associated with greater odds for nephrolithiasis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.08–2.43), tubulointerstitial nephritis (aOR 1.31, 95% CI 1.24–1.38), CKD at any stage (aOR 1.28, 95% CI 1.24–1.32), and moderate‐to‐severe CKD (aOR 1.22, 95% CI 1.17–1.26), while UC was associated with a higher rate of nephrolithiasis. Compared to UC, CD was associated with higher odds for all such kidney conditions.ConclusionsPatients with CD are more likely to have nephrolithiasis, tubulointerstitial nephritis, CKD at any stage, and moderate‐to‐severe CKD compared to non‐IBD individuals.
Self‐assembled silk fibroin cross‐linked with genipin supplements microbial carbonate precipitation in building material
Authors: Li Jiayu , Achal Varenyam 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe process of microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) is known to effectively improve engineering properties of building materials and so does silk fibroin (SF). Thus, in this study, an attempt was taken to see the improvement in sand, that is, basic building material coupled with MICP and SF. Urease producing Bacillus megaterium was utilized for MICP in Nutri‐Calci medium. To improve the strength of SF itself in bacterial solution, it was cross‐linked with genipin at the optimized concentration of 3.12 mg/mL. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra confirmed the crosslinking of SF with genipin in bacterial solution. In order to understand how such cross‐linking can improve engineering properties, sand moulds of 50 mm3 dimension were prepared that resulted in 35% and 55% more compressive strength than the one prepared with bacterial solution with SF and bacterial solution only, respectively with higher calcite content in former one. The FTIR, SEM, x‐ray powder diffraction spectrometry and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses confirmed higher biomineral precipitation in bacterial solution coupled with genipin cross‐linked SF. As the process of MICP is proven to replace cement partially from concrete without negatively influence mechanical properties, SF cross‐linked with genipin can provide additional significance in developing low‐carbon cement‐based composites.
The differences in code status conversation approaches reported by emergency medicine and palliative care clinicians: A mixed‐method study
Authors: Ouchi Kei , Prachanukool Thidathit , Aaronson Emily L. , Lakin Joshua R. , Higuchi Masaya , Liu Shan W. , Kennedy Maura , Revette Anna C. , Chary Anita N. , Kaithamattam Jenson , Lee Brandon , Neville Thanh H. , Hasdianda Mohammad A. , Sudore Rebecca , Schonberg Mara A. , Tulsky James A. , Block Susan D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundDuring acute health deterioration, emergency medicine and palliative care clinicians routinely discuss code status (e.g., shared decision making about mechanical ventilation) with seriously ill patients. Little is known about their approaches. We sought to elucidate how code status conversations are conducted by emergency medicine and palliative care clinicians and why their approaches are different.MethodsWe conducted a sequential‐explanatory, mixed‐method study in three large academic medical centers in the Northeastern United States. Attending physicians and advanced practice providers working in emergency medicine and palliative care were eligible. Among the survey respondents, we purposefully sampled the participants for follow‐up interviews. We collected clinicians’ self‐reported approaches in code status conversations and their rationales. A survey with a 5‐point Likert scale (“very unlikely” to “very likely”) was used to assess the likelihood of asking about medical procedures (procedure based) and patients’ values (value based) during code status conversations, followed by semistructured interviews.ResultsAmong 272 clinicians approached, 206 completed the survey (a 76% response rate). The reported approaches differed greatly (e.g., 91% of palliative care clinicians reported asking about a patient's acceptable quality of life compared to 59% of emergency medicine clinicians). Of the 206 respondents, 118 (57%) agreed to subsequent interviews; our final number of semistructured interviews included seven emergency medicine clinicians and nine palliative care clinicians. The palliative care clinicians stated that the value‐based questions offer insight into patients’ goals, which is necessary for formulating a recommendation. In contrast, emergency medicine clinicians stated that while value‐based questions are useful, they are vague and necessitate extended discussions, which are inappropriate during emergencies.ConclusionsEmergency medicine and palliative care clinicians reported conducting code status conversations differently. The rationales may be shaped by their clinical practices and experiences.
Regaining control over opioid use? The potential application of auricular transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation to improve opioid treatment in China
Authors: Colzato Lorenza , Elmers Julia , Xu Xiaolei , Zhou Qiang , Hommel Bernhard , Beste Christian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOpioid use disorder (OUD) is a critical problem in China and is accompanied by depression and deficits in cognitive control. In China, the most successful intervention for OUD is the community drug rehabilitation where methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) plays a key role. Even though methadone for the treatment of OUD can be helpful, it can cause severe somatic side‐effects, which limit its effectivity. Even worse, it can have detrimental effects on cognitive control, which is crucial to regain control over drug intake. Here, we consider the potential use of auricular transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (atVNS) as an addition to MMT for opioid withdrawal treatment. Compared to other non‐invasive brain stimulation methods, atVNS also targets the locus coeruleus (LC) important for noradrenaline (NA) synthesis. NA is an essential neurotransmitter impacted in opioid withdrawal and also critically involved in cognitive control processes. Its ADD‐ON to MMT might be a useful mean to improve mood and enhance cognitive control processes impacted in OUD. We discuss the translational advantages of atVNS in China such as the cultural acceptance of the modality of treatment similar to electroacupuncture. Additionally, the wearability of the ear electrode and at‐home self‐administration without intense medical supervision makes of atVNS a useful tool to enhance clinical and cognitive outcomes especially in everyday life situation. We discuss how atVNS can be integrated in tele‐medical health approaches allowing that innovative treatments can widely be disseminated and continued even in situations of restricted medical access.
Impact of reserve area on reproduction of a moth‐pollinated Stackhousia Sm. (Celastraceae) species in a fragmented landscape
Authors: Blackall Alex G. , Mackay Duncan A. , Whalen Molly A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLandscape disturbance frequently results in reduced pollination and reproduction of animal‐pollinated plants. However, few studies globally, and no studies in Australia, have focused on the impact(s) on plants with nocturnal moth pollinators. This study measured natural levels of reproduction of the common, nocturnally moth‐pollinated plant Stackhousia aspericocca Schuch. ssp. Cylindrical inflorescence (W.R.Barker 1418) (Celastraceae) across a range of reserves of varying sizes within a fragmented landscape of southern Australia. We hypothesized that plant reproduction would show a positive relationship with reserve area. Nocturnal pollinator surveys confirmed that night‐flying settling moths of the families Geometridae and Noctuidae visited flowers of S. aspericocca ssp. Cylindrical inflorescence in the study region, and 8 out of 16 captured, flower‐visiting moths carried more than 100 pollen grains of the study species (overall mean ± SD: 616.69 ± 1155.70). Two individuals of the common geometrid moth Oenochroma vinaria each carried over 3000 pollen grains. Thus, visiting moths may remove and carry large amounts of pollen. In contrast to our initial hypothesis, however, plant reproduction, measured as proportional fruit‐set and mean seed number per fruit, showed no relation to reserve area across two consecutive years, and mean levels of plant reproduction were spatially similar throughout the fragmented landscape of the study region. It is hypothesized that the reproductive resilience of S. aspericocca ssp. Cylindrical inflorescence in the study region is due to effective pollination by common, night‐flying moths, which may utilize both the reserves and their surrounding matrix to complete their life cycle(s).
Tendências e lacunas no estudo do efeito do fogo nas interações planta‐animal em ecossistemas brasileiros
Authors: Ballarin Caio S. , Mores Guilherme José , de Goés Guilherme Alcarás , Fidelis Alessandra , Cornelissen Tatiana 
Published: October 2023

ResumoAs interações planta‐animal são ubíquas nos ecossistemas terrestres. Elas contêm informações ecológicas relevantes para orientar a conservação da biodiversidade e as práticas de restauração. Embora as interações planta‐animal sejam particularmente sensíveis a distúrbios, o conhecimento sobre como o fogo, um impulsionador significativo de mudanças na estrutura e no funcionamento do ecossistema, afeta essas relações ainda é limitado. Nesse sentido, a avaliação de como os estudos investigam os efeitos do fogo sobre as interações planta‐animal por meio de uma revisão sistemática mostra‐se relevante para orientar a agenda de pesquisas futuras. Neste trabalho, examinamos os estudos sobre os efeitos do fogo nas interações planta‐animal realizados no Brasil, que abriga muitos ecossistemas diferentes, propensos e sensíveis ao fogo, e que também abriga várias espécies de plantas e animais. Com o apoio de um banco de dados integrativo, resumimos os principais objetivos, metodologias e grupos taxonômicos usados em estudos que abordam os efeitos do fogo nas interações planta‐animal e apontamos algumas deficiências que pesquisas futuras devem evitar bem como lacunas que devem ser preenchidas. Em suma, 39 estudos publicados de 1995 a 2022 atenderam aos nossos critérios de inclusão no banco de dados. A maioria deles foi realizada no Cerrado e avaliou principalmente as interações formiga‐planta ou planta‐polinizador. Além disso, os estudos foram em geral elaborados com abordagens experimentais inadequadas que geralmente desconsideram atributos relevantes do fogo, que são fatores importantes da estrutura e do funcionamento do ecossistema. Em suma, nossa revisão mostra que os estudos que avaliam esse tópico apresentam um viés geográfico e taxonômico, que ignora interações planta‐animal específicas, e que ainda temos uma compreensão superficial dos efeitos do fogo sobre as interações planta‐animal nos ecossistemas brasileiros.
Control decision‐making systems for Anacampsis phytomiella in cashew orchards as a function of insecticide spray method and irrigation use
Authors: de Freitas Damaris Rosa , Mota Maria do Socorro Cavalcante de Souza , Carmo Daiane das Graças do , Picanço Mayara Moledo , Lopes Mayara Cristina , Pancieri Guilherme Pratissoli , Mesquita Antônio Lindemberg Martins , Gondim Rubens Sonsol , Picanço Marcelo Coutinho 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Cashew (Anacardium occidentale) is one of the main tropical fruit trees, and its chestnuts are the most consumed in the world. Cashew orchards are managed under irrigated and unirrigated conditions, and pesticides are applied manually (hand sprayer) or by a tractor‐powered sprayer. The chestnut moth Anacampsis phytomiella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is the primary pest that attacks cashew chestnuts, causing losses of up to 53% in yield in the orchards. Sampling plans and economic injury levels (EILs) are part of the decision‐making systems of integrated pest management (IPM) programmes. The EIL varies according to the method of insecticide spraying (hand sprayer or tractor) and in irrigated and unirrigated cashew orchards.
This study aimed to determine the EIL and a sequential sampling plan for A. phytomiella in cashew orchards.
Decision‐making systems were determined using data collected from 44 orchards over 3 years. EILs ranged from 0.53 to 1.53 for chestnuts attacked by the pest in bunches with 10 chestnuts, depending on irrigation and insecticide spray methods. The sequential sampling plan was validated using field‐collected data (providing correct decisions in 100% of the fields and an average time saving of 83.65%), operational characteristic (OC) and average sample number curves.
In conclusion, determined decision‐making systems can be incorporated into IPM programmes for A. phytomiella in cashew orchards, as they enable correct, rapid and cost‐effective pest control decisions.
The organ of vision morphology of the southern two‐toed sloth (Choloepus didactylus Linnaeus, 1758; Pilosa, Choloepodidae)
Authors: Klećkowska‐Nawrot Joanna , Barszcz Karolina , Stegmann Krzysztof O. , Goździewska‐Harłajczuk Karolina 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Choloepus didactylus is a species belonging to the Choloepodidae family of the Folivora suborder. This study concerns the anatomical, morphometrical, histological and histochemical examination of the eye tunics, eyelids and orbital glands in the three adult Choloepus didactylus coming from the Wroclaw Zoological Garden. The cornea consists of four layers since Bowman's membrane was absent. The presence of palisades of Vogt formed from 14/15 to 20/21 layers of epithelial cells was demonstrated. Macroscopically, the tapetum lucidum was not identified, while degenerative choroidal tapetum lucidum cellulosum was found microscopically. The ciliary muscle was found with our histological approach. The pupil was round in shape (post‐mortem). The presence of tarsal glands has not been demonstrated in both eyelids. The conjunctiva‐associated lymphoid tissue (CALT) has been shown in the upper and lower eyelids. The superficial gland of the third eyelid produced a seromucous secretion. The third eyelid was shaped like a curved arch and composed of hyaline cartilage. The deep gland of the third eyelid was big and multilobar acinar simple with serous character. The lacrimal gland produced mucous secretion. The results of our research indicate that the features of the eye anatomy in the southern two‐toed sloth (C. didactylus) are also typical of the Folivora suborder and have common features and differences with Vermilingua.
A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial with mannan‐conjugated birch pollen allergoids
Authors: Mösges Ralph , Zeyen Christoph , Raskopf Esther , Acikel Cengizhan , Sahin Hacer , Allekotte Silke , Cuevas Mandy , Shamji Mohamed H. , Subiza José Luis , Casanovas Miguel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere is still great need to develop new strategies to improve the efficacy of allergen immunotherapies with optimal safety standards for patients. A new promising approach is to couple allergoids to mannan. The objective of this phase IIa/IIb study was to identify the optimal dose of mannan‐conjugated birch pollen allergoids for the short‐course treatment of birch pollen–induced allergic rhinoconjunctivitis.MethodsFor this prospective, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, dose‐finding study, 246 birch pollen–allergic adults received 0.5 mL placebo or 1000, 3000 or 10,000 mTU/mL of mannan‐conjugated birch pollen allergoids at five pre‐seasonal visits. Efficacy was assessed by comparing allergic rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms and use of anti‐allergic medication during the peak of the birch pollen season 2020. Immunologic, tolerability and safety effects were also analysed.ResultsThe highest dose of mannan‐conjugated birch pollen allergoids reduced the combined symptom and medication score during the peak birch pollen season by a median of 24.7% compared to placebo. The production of Bet v 1 specific IgG4 significantly increased in a dose‐dependent manner (3.6‐ and 4.5‐fold) in the 3000 and 10,000 mTU/mL groups. The Bet v 1 specific IgE/IgG4 ratio was also strongly reduced (up to −70%). No fatalities nor serious adverse events were reported, and no adrenaline was used. In total, four systemic reactions occurred (two grade I and two grade II).ConclusionAll doses of mannan‐conjugated birch pollen allergoids can be considered as safe. Since the application of 10,000 mTU/mL resulted in the highest efficacy, this dose qualifies for further investigation.
Inflammatory markers and androstenedione modify the effect of serum testosterone on obesity among men: Findings from a Chinese population
Authors: Huan Changsheng , Wang Mian , Song Yu , Jia Zexin , Wei Dandan , Wang Lulu , Xu Qingqing , Wang Juan , Zhao Mengzhen , Geng Jintian , Shi Jiayu , Ma Cuicui , Mao Zhenxing , Wang Chongjian , Huo Wenqian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundFew studies are available on the relationship of androstenedione with inflammation and obesity and the effect of androstenedione and inflammation on the association between testosterone and obesity. This study intended to examine the mediation effect of inflammatory markers on the association of testosterone with obesity and the moderation effect of androstenedione on the association of testosterone with inflammation and obesity in Chinese rural men.Materials and methodsThis cross‐sectional research enrolled 2536 male rural inhabitants from the Henan Rural Cohort study. The serum concentrations of testosterone and androstenedione were determined by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Linear and logistic regression were used to examine the relationships between testosterone, inflammatory markers, and obesity. Mediation and moderation analyses were carried out to evaluate the potential effects of inflammatory markers on the relationship between testosterone and obesity, as well as androstenedione on the relationships of testosterone with inflammation and obesity.ResultsAfter adjusting for confounding factors, the results showed that testosterone and androstenedione were negatively related to obesity, and inflammatory markers were positively associated with obesity. Besides, testosterone and androstenedione were negatively associated with inflammatory markers. Mediation analysis showed that white blood cell, neutrophil, monocyte, and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein had mediating effects on the association between testosterone and obesity. The most vital mediator was high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, and its proportion of the effect was 11.02% (defined by waist circumference), 11.15% (defined by waist‐to‐hip ratio), 12.92% (defined by waist‐to‐height ratio), and full mediating effect (defined by body mass index). Moreover, androstenedione played negative moderation effects on the associations of testosterone with inflammation and obesity.ConclusionInflammatory markers and androstenedione were first found to have modifying effects on the association of testosterone with obesity. Higher levels of testosterone and androstenedione could reduce the inflammation level and risk of obesity, indicating their potential roles in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases.
Trajectories of financial distress during the COVID‐19 pandemic and their associations with mental health and substance use outcomes in a cohort of young adults
Authors: Chase Erin , Calhoun Brian H. , Khosropour Christine M. , Lee Christine M. , Rhew Isaac C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has led to unprecedented life disruptions among young adults, including increased job insecurity and financial strain. Mental health problems and substance use have also increased during the pandemic, with young adults particularly vulnerable to experiencing these challenges. This study examines trajectories of financial distress among young adults during the pandemic and their associations with depression, anxiety, and hazardous alcohol and cannabis use. Data from 473 young adults (ages 22–29) recruited in the Northwest United States were collected from April/May 2020 to July/August 2021. Financial distress trajectories were identified using growth mixture modeling. Negative binomial models were used to examine associations between financial distress trajectories and distal outcomes of depression, anxiety, alcohol, and cannabis use. Three distinct trajectories were identified, revealing Low, Moderate, and High financial distress experiences. Individuals with “Moderate” and “High” trajectories showed significantly greater depressive and anxiety symptom scores compared with those in the “Low” financial distress trajectory group. Trajectories were not associated with subsequent levels of alcohol or cannabis use. Young adult mental health remains a priority during periods of economic downturn. Providers must be aware of the psychological challenges imposed by financial distress among young adults to address worsening mental health symptoms.
Effects of fermentative quality of corn silage on lactation, blood metabolites, and rumen fermentation in dairy cows
Authors: Kamiya Yuko , Suzuki Tomoyuki , Oikawa Kohei , Kobayashi Hisami , Tohno Masanori , Nakakubo Ryoh , Matoba Masaaki , Nemoto Takahiro , Minami Kosuke , Imamura Gaku , Yoshikawa Genki 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe investigated the effect of fermentation quality of corn silage on dry matter intake (DMI), milk yield, ruminal fermentation, methane (CH4) emissions, and plasma metabolites in lactating cows. Six lactating Holstein cows were used in a 2 × 2 crossover design with two dietary treatments containing high quality corn silage with lower pH (high group) or low quality corn silage with higher pH (low group). The cows were fed partial mixed ration (PMR containing 50%DM of each corn silage) ad libitum plus 0.7 kg/day of concentrates at milking. The DMI of cows in the low group (24.8 kg/day) tended to be lower (p < 0.10) than that in the high group (26.8 kg/day). The dietary treatment did not affect milk yield or milk fat, protein, or lactose concentrations. The ruminal acetic acid proportion of the low group was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of the high group. The CH4 emission per DMI of the low group tended to be higher (p < 0.10) than that of the high group. The plasma concentration of the total cholesterol (TCHO) and the activity of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase of the low group were significantly higher than those of the high group.