bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution and Ecology of Low Freshwater Coastal Forests of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico
Authors: Olmsted Ingrid , Carda Rafael Duran 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Tropical freshwater coastal forests on the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico (Fig. 16.1) are dominated by trees and shrubs capable of growing in areas that may be inundated almost all year with water depths up to 1 meter. The same species have to be able to withstand severe droughts for several months. In general, the forests are of low stature and are dominated by microphyllous, evergreen species, with twisted trunks, stratified crowns, and several dominant species with spines (Olmsted and Duran 1986).
The Effect of Sea Level Rise on Coastal Wetland Forests the Mississippi Delta, USA, as a Model
Authors: Conner William H , Day John W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Numerous reports have recently emphasized the potential impact of global warming trends on future sea level rise in coastal areas (e.g., Hoffman et al. 1983, Kerr 1991). Predictions are that many low-lying coastal areas, especially those dominated by wetlands, will be flooded as sea level rises from 30 to 50 cm over the next century. Current evidence indicates that sea level rise is leading to wetland loss in a number of coastal areas, but most research has concerned coastal marshes (Baumann et al. 1984). Little information is available on the impact of sea level rise on coastal wetland forests (Salinas et al. 1986, Conner and Day 1988b). There is a critical need to consider both the impacts of sea level rise and the possible policy responses to these impacts.
Chapter 01
Authors: Stannard David E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
it’s GONE NOW, drained and desiccated in the aftermath of the Spanish conquest, but once there was an interconnected complex of lakes high up in the Valley of Mexico that was as long and as wide as the city of London is today. Surrounding these waters, known collectively as the Lake of the Moon, were scores of towns and cities whose population, combined with that of the outlying communities of central Mexico, totaled about 25,000,000 men, women, and children. On any given day as many as 200,000 small boats moved back and forth on the Lake of the Moon, pursuing the interests of commerce, political intrigue, and simple plea sure.’
Chapter 02
Authors: Stannard David E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Combined, North America and South America cover an area of 16,000,000 square miles, more than a quarter of the land surface of the globe. To its first human inhabitants, tens of thousands of years ago, this enormous domain they had discovered was literally a world unto itself: a world of miles-high mountains and vast fertile prairies, of desert shrub lands and dense tropical rain forests, of frigid arctic tundra and hot murky swamps, of deep and fecund river valleys, of sparkling water lakes, of canopied woodlands, of savannahs and steppes-and thousands upon thousands of miles of magnificent ocean coast. There were places where it almost never rained, and places where it virtually never stopped; there were places where the temperature reached 130 degrees Fahrenheit, and places where it dropped to 80 degrees below zero. But in all these places, under all these conditions, eventually some native people made their homes.
Chapter 05
Authors: Stannard David E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There is a Moment in Toni Morrison’s moving novel, Beloved, when Stamp Paid, a black man in the mid-nineteenth-century American South, notices something red stuck to the bottom of his flatbed boat as he is tying it up alongside a river bank. It was a particularly bad time for black people in a century of particularly bad times for them. “White folks were still on the loose,” writes Morrison: “Whole towns wiped clean of Negroes; eighty-seven lynching in one year alone in Kentucky; four cooled schools burned to the ground; grown men whipped like children; children whipped like adults; black women raped by the crew; property taken, necks broken.” And the smell of “skin, skin and hot blood ... cooked in a lynch fire” was everywhere.
The Southern Lady: Hostage to “the Lost Cause”
Authors: Wheeler Marjorie Spruill 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The North was the birthplace of the woman suffrage movement and the home of most of its national leaders; the West furnished the movement its first crucial victories, eventually giving suffragists enough leverage in national politics to make an effective bid for a federal woman suffrage amendment; but the South was distinctive—indeed notorious—in the annals of the woman suffrage movement as the region that afforded the movement the greatest resistance and the least success.
Understanding The Implications Of Global Warming In Developing Regions: The Case Of Northeast Brazil
Authors: Magalhaes Antonio R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Northeast Brazil (NEB) is a large developing region. Its 1,548.6 thousand km2 (18.2 per cent of the country) make it larger than most countries in the world. With 43 million inhabitants in 1990 (28.5 percent of the Brazilian population), it is second in America only to the United States, Brazil and Mexico in population size.
Regional Boundaries And Global Climate Change: Northeast North America
Authors: Moomaw William R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When Governor Kun in made her comment on March 7, 1990, she was hosting a meeting of the Conference of the New England Governors and the Eastern Canadian Premiers on Sustainable Development for the Northeast Region. Just the day before, one-quarter of Vermont’s towns had rejected her hard won comprehensive land use plan. She was expressing some of the frustrations of a regional leader who has been a prominent spokesperson on global climate change, stratospheric ozone depletion, energy policy, transportation and land-use planning.
Policy Responses To Climate Change In Southeast Asia
Authors: Toth Ferenc L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The culmination of five years of intensive and widespread research efforts on climate change, the Villach Conference (WMO, 1986) called for studies to look at regional impacts of climate change in more detail and to analyze possible policy responses based on regional impact assessments. One response by the UNEP was the project on “Socio economic impacts and policy responses resulting from climate change:
New Ways of Urban Living
Authors: Allen Irving Lewis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The hustle and bustle of modern New York quickened as a result of new technologies of transportation and communication. Electric lights had extended the day into night, and the city more than ever operated around the clock. The wide application of electricity to yet other technologies, more than any other factor, was responsible for increasing the pace and tempo of city life. The decades from about 1880 to 1920 were particularly abundant in these innovations and in lexical responses to them. The new source of energy directly or indirectly made possible all the new urban developments in this period—the building boom, mass transit, modern communications, the spatial reorganization of the city, and changing ways of life. New words about new ways of living in the city were part and parcel of the aura of popular culture surrounding the new technologies.
The Russian Occupation
Authors: Tec Nechama 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Russians were coming. The air was filled with enthusiastic shouts, laughter, and handclapping. Here and there a flower could be seen flying, as if searching for a safe landing. The crowd and the flowers were welcoming the Soviet soldiers who, whether walking or sitting on top of military vehicles, seemed surprised, perhaps even embarrassed by the tumultuous greetings. Some smiled, others waved tentatively. Most just looked ahead as they passed the lines of excited people.
The German Invasion
Authors: Tec Nechama 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On a day in July 1941, a German officer stood at the door smiling. “Will you put me up for one night?” Chaja knew enough German to understand. But what could she reply? Afraid to say yes, afraid to say no, she nodded in agreement, but made no move. The man brushed past her. She followed, listening to him. “I like your house, it looks better than the others. My men are settled for the night. I am glad that you don’t mind.” Then, as an afterthought, he added, “Don’t be afraid of me. I will not harm you.” The house belonged to Chaja’s sister, Rachel Boldo. Like so many others, the Boldos left in a hurry for the countryside. They joined their relatives in the village Duia lzwa. Independent and ready to help, Chaja volunteered to watch the house. A girlfriend whose home was hit by a bomb moved in with her.
The Cradle of Professionalism
Authors: Peterson Robert W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The first fully professional teams grew out of rivalries between the athletic associations that proliferated in America’s cities during the late nineteenth century. These athletic clubs had the obvious purpose of providing facilities and playmates for athletes and wannabees in track and field, boxing, wrestling, cycling, gymnastics, and football. They also had a less obvious purpose: to give ambitious young men a toehold on the social ladder by putting them in touch with well-connected men who also enjoyed sports competition.
The Coming of Jim Thorpe
Authors: Peterson Robert W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The independents and nascent professionals of football’s early years used in tercollegiate rules for the very good reason that the colleges were the natural leaders. The colleges had in vented the game and supplied most of the stars for the athletic clubs and other independent teams. It was not until the early 1930s that the pros were confident enough to stray from the leadership of the colleges.
A Debacle and the Wartime Blues
Authors: Peterson Robert W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The year 1940 was a watershed for professional football for two reasons. First, millions of American sports fans were introduced to pro football by the first radio network broadcast of an NFL game. It was the astonishing 73 to O blowout of the Washington Redskins by the Chicago Bears in that year’s championship game. The second reason, which is not unrelated to the first, is that the game heralded a revolution in offenses, not only in pro football but, by a trickle-down process, in colleges and high schools too.
The Postwar War
Authors: Peterson Robert W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In a prescient column in Newsweek in October 1945, sports columnist John Lardner foretold football’s future. “Pro football has growing pains,” he wrote. “The end of the war may be the event which will build the sport into national proportions both geographically and commercially, just as the end of the last war gave pro players their original impetus and made them begin to think of organization and respectability.” Major college football was still the game of choice for most football fans, but Lardner predicted a coming change.
Black Players and Blackballs
Authors: Peterson Robert W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The first year of the war between the leagues-1946-was notable for an other reason besides the birth of the MFC. It was also the year when the apparent gentlemen’s agreement barring black players from professional football at the top level (though not in the minor leagues) came to an end. Black players performed in the NFL for the first time since 1933, and the new MFC opened its ranks enough to allow a couple of black stars to slip through.
Risk Factors for Infection and the Probability of HIV Transmission
Authors: Brookmeyer Ron , Gail Mitchell H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, we describe several types of observational studies that were used to define behaviors and other factors associated with increased risk of HIV infection and AIDS. Careful interview of individual patients with AIDS identified the major modes of transmission. Case-control studies comparing patients with AIDS to subjects without AIDS further delineated behaviors and other factors associated with increased risk of AIDS. When assays for antibody to HIV became available in 1984, investigators classified populations into seropositive people with prevalent HIV infections and seronegative people. The prevalent seropositives were compared to seronegatives to define risk factors for infection in prevalent case-control studies. A fourth type of study to define risk factors for infection was derived from longitudinal follow-up of cohorts of initially seronegative individuals. Such studies could identify factors associated with increased risk of incident seroconversion. In addition, cohort studies provided estimates of the probability of seroconversion in a specified time interval (Section 3.5.1). In Sections 2.2 and 2.3 we discuss the strengths and weaknesses of these designs and some of the findings from such studies.
Epidemic Transmission Models
Authors: Brookmeyer Ron , Gail Mitchell H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Even though AIDS incidence data are reliable enough to make useful short-term projections of AIDS incidence (Chapters 7 and 8), such data lag the course of infection by several years and give much less reliable information on underlying infection trends in HIV prevalence and incidence. Even serial survey of seroprevalence in selected populations (Chapter 3) provide only uncertain evidence as to the general course of HIV prevalence and incidence. Yet it is precisely the trends in HIV prevalence and incidence that will determine the long-range impact of HIV infection. In this chapter, we discuss mathematical models of epidemic transmission in an effort to gain insight into plausible trends in HIV infection curves, g(s).
Defining Autism, PDD, and other Autistic Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Siegel Bryna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Autism is a developmental disorder that affects many aspects of how a child sees the world and learns from his or her experiences. Children with autism lack the usual desire for social contact. The attention and approval of others are not important to them in the usual way. Autism is not an absolute lack of desire for affiliation, but a relative one.
The Importance of Very Early Intervention
Authors: Siegel Bryna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There are many reasons why early intervention—the sooner the better—is important for children with autism and PDD. Many of the reasons seem intuitively obvious to parents, but often parents encounter a “cart driving the horse” mentality from professionals unfamiliar with the treatment of young autistic and PDD children. For example, some parents are told that an early diagnosis doesn’t matter because the child can’t go to school until he’s five, anyway (which is untrue)—or until he’s three (which is also untrue). As we discused in Chapter 8, there is now a federal law in the United States that mandates developmental services for any child identified as having a developmental disability from birth onward. While primary care providers offer somewhat less of this “wait and see ” attitude these days, many remain unaware that there are treatment resources out there. Some who are aware of treatment resources for very young children may have only a partial knowledge of whom such services are for. Only a very few primary care providers have much of a sense of the efficacy of very early interventions for autistic and PDD children. Among these are pediatricians who have taken special training in dealing with children with developmental difficulties and are usually called “developmental” or “behavioral” pediatricians. Seeking out such a developmental or behavioral pediatrician is a good idea if you want regular pediatric care from someone who can also appreciate and help with the difficulties of raising a child who needs extra help.
Teaching Communication Skills to Children with Autism and PDD
Authors: Siegel Bryna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Thus far we have discussed when education should be started, what to look for in a classroom and in a teacher, and how an autistic child should be taught. In this chapter, we discuss the specifics of teaching communication skills to children with autism and PDD who are at different levels of language development. To begin with, the same principles that apply for teaching an autistic child anything apply to teaching language: The child needs to be instrumentally motivated. This means that an autistic child is most interested in communicating when there are things he wants for himself and cannot get for himself. The first step in learning how to teach communication skills to autistic children is recognizing that the moment that the child wants something is the moment that the window of accessibility to language learning is open widest.
Fields of Glory
Authors: Bartov Omer 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is commonly assumed, at least in the West, that the glorification of war is a thing of the past. Even more prevalent is the assumption that such war-related phenomena as expulsions and deportations, ethnic cleansing and mass rape, massacre and genocide would be universally condemned in any civilized country. Indeed, such condemnation is viewed as a mark of civilization, and groups or nations that still conduct policies of this nature are considered to be, by definition, beyond the pale. And yet, only a few decades ago, war was seen by most Europeans as a glorious undertaking, and many of the actions we would describe today as war crimes were celebrated as an inherent part of the conduct of war and the consolidation of victory or, at the very least, were perceived as regrettable but unavoidable features of modern warfare.
Eugenics on Film
Authors: Pernick Martin S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Many in the movie world objected to The Black Stork not only because they found it unpleasant and controversial, but because they opposed eugenics. The film industry often lumped eugenicists with those they considered puritanical elitist reformers, hostile to all working-class amusements, from saloons to dance halls, not incidentally including movie houses. And the eugenic movement’s opposition to immigration likely alienated some of the immigrants who were rapidly coming to prominence in the film industry.
Still the silent screen was far from “silent” about eugenics. Dozens of films depicted eugenics and heredity before the rise of aesthetic censorship. Today, all but a handful have crumbled into dust, and most are completely unknown, even to specialists in cinema history. Many were one-reelers, for which there are still no adequate subject indexes. Even to discover their existence required page-by-page searches of old film trade magazines. In some cases, little can be learned about them beyond their titles. But for many, enough information has survived so that it is possible to reconstruct something of their content.
... With the Potential for Equally Great Changes on a Global Scale
Authors: Officer Charles , Page Jake 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the summer of 1988, the ozone was in the wrong place. There was too much of it in American cities and not enough over Antarctica. Unusual weather, in combination with auto and other emissions, had led to the highest ozone concentrations in ten years in many cities. The American public raised a hue and cry for tougher clean air regulations, many of which had been relaxed in the past decade. Whether the amendments of 1989 to the 1970 Clean Air Act will produce the desired effects remains to be seen. But ozone has disproved the notion that the American public is lethargic on certain environmental matters. Indeed, in both the matter of ozone in urban air and the ozone hole in the stratosphere, the public led its leaders.
The Roots of Prophecy: Orwell and Nature
Authors: Ehrenfeld David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Futurology notwithstanding, nobody can foretell the future. That does not mean that there are no true prophets--only that our understanding of what is prophecy has become confused. In modem times we have had our share of prophets. Among those who have written in English, names such as C. S. Lewis, E. F. Schumacher, James Burnham, and Lewis Mumford would be prominent on lists of prophets, although not always together on the same lists. But one name would be on nearly every list, the name of George Orwell. As we try to cope with this most complex, unstable, and unpredictable era of human history, it may help to learn how a master navigator took his bearings.
The Overmanaged Society
Authors: Ehrenfeld David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We shall have to refer it right and left; and when we refer it anywhere, then you’ll have to look it up. When it comes back to us at any time, then you had better look us up. When it sticks anywhere, you’ll have to try to give it a jog Try the thing and see how you like it. It will be in your power to give it up at any time if you don’t like it. You had better take a lot of forms away with you. Give him a lot of forms! There is an extraordinary proliferation of managers in our society, an ever-increasing percentage of people who control events but do not themselves produce anything real or useful. The problem of the growth of management and its influence penetrates nearly every area of modem life. Yet after decades of pervasive overmanagement, comparatively few people understand it as a widespread destructive force.
State of the Art
Authors: Ehrenfeld David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The trouble began one day about three or four years ago when I was sitting in my former office in Rutgers’s Old Blake Hall. Old Blake was built more than a half-century ago by New Jersey’s fruit growers to house the ag school’s pomologists-scientists who study how to grow fruit. The building was named after Professor Maurice A. Blake, an early Rutgers pomologist who knew all there was to know about peach trees. But universities have short memories when it comes to gifts from people who are now dead, and when I was there, Old Blake housed Forestry and Wildlife, the group with which I had cast my lot.
Duke Ellington Form Beyond Form
Authors: Williams Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Main Stem was recorded in 1942 and therefore comes from a great period for Duke Ellington as a composer, orchestrator, and leader of a large jazz ensemble. I am not sure that it is one of the masterpieces of that period, but it is at least excellent. On the face of it, Main Stem may seem casual enough: a blues in a relatively fast tempo. It opens with a theme played by the orchestra, followed by a succession of one-chorus solos by sidemen, and a final return to the theme. It is a big band blues, then, apparently like many another casually conceived and executed big band blues of the time.
Horace Silver The Meaning of Craftsmanship
Authors: Williams Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In April 1954 Miles Davis led an “all-star “ recording date which produced Walkin ‘ and Blue ‘n ‘ Boogie. I think that the music on those two classic blues performances could be said to represent the state of modern jazz as it entered its second decade. The pianist involved, however, was a relative new comer named Horace Silver. Silver ‘s recording activities were then prolific, but his role in jazz was really just beginning, and his work as a pianist, composer, and leader of quintets became pivotal in the jazz of the late ‘fifties.
The Meaning Of A Music An Art for the Century
Authors: Williams Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The arts in our time have been perhaps unduly subjected to the quest for meaning. And that quest, often when it is called “social “ and sometimes even when it has been called psycho logical, has been basically political either in its motives or its consequences. Indeed, one suspects that some contemporaries tend to treat a political situation or system as a “given, “ an absolute, and not as an expression of man ‘s psyche.