bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enamel matrix proteins in the treatment of periodontal sites with horizontal type of bone loss
Authors: Yilmaz Selçuk , Kuru Bahar , Altuna‐Kiraç Eren 
Published: December 2004

AbstractObjectives: The present study aims to assess the clinical and radiographic outcome of horizontal type of bone loss over a period of 8 months following periodontal surgery with adjunctive use of enamel matrix proteins (EMP).Materials and Methods: Twenty patients, who received nonsurgical periodontal therapy and had radiographic horizontal bone loss with an associated probing depth (PD) of 4 mm at the maxillary incisor/canine segment, were included. One side of the selected segment divided by the mid‐sagittal plane was treated with EMP as part of a crevicular flap. The other side was treated either with a similar intracrevicular (ICI) or a reverse bevel incision (RBI) as part of a conventional flap debridement. Therefore, patients were divided into two groups of 10 patients according to the type of incision performed on the control side. The analysis was based on a classification of two severity groups according to preoperative PD, with the patient's means of measurements for each treatment being the experimental units for the statistical analysis.Results: For pockets of 4–6 mm, EMP treatment was significantly better than the ICI/flap debridement in terms of PD reduction (p<0.001), relative attachment level (RAL) gain (p<0.001) and recession (REC) (p<0.05). Although sites exposed to EMP treatment exhibited significantly greater RAL gain than RBI/flap debridement sites (p<0.01), both treatments resulted in equally effective PD reduction. Less REC occurred with EMP application than with ICI–RBI/flap debridement (p<0.05). Treatment of shallow sites by the conventional flap with both incisions resulted in a tendency for loss of attachment whereas EMP treatment maintained the attachment levels. No significant difference in the degree of probing and radiographic bone levels was found between the treatments.Conclusion: EMP treatment showed better clinical improvements as compared to the conventional flap debridement performed with two different incisions. Clinical improvements were more pronounced at periodontal sites with deep, rather than shallow, periodontal pockets. The results of this study provided an important preliminary base for further clinical and histologic studies.
The effect of a triclosan‐containing dentifrice on the progression of periodontal disease in an adult population
Authors: Cullinan M. P. , Westerman B. , Hamlet S. M. , Palmer J. E. , Faddy M. J. , Seymour G. J. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractObjectives: The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of unsupervised, long‐term use of a 0.3% triclosan/2% copolymer dentifrice on the progression of periodontal disease in a general adult population.Methods: Five hundred and four volunteers were enrolled in a double‐blind, controlled clinical trial. Participants were matched for disease status, plaque index, age and gender. At the baseline examination, probing pocket depths and relative attachment levels were recorded and participants were assigned to either the test or control group. Re‐examinations took place after 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months. Subgingival plaque samples were collected at each examination and assayed for Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Prevotella intermedia. A generalised linear model was used to analyse the data, with a number of covariates thought to influence the responses included as the possible confounding effects.Results: The triclosan/copolymer dentifrice had a significant effect in subjects with interproximal probing depths ≥3.5 mm, where it significantly reduced the number of sites with probing depths ≥3.5 mm at the following examination, when compared with the control group (p<0.001). Furthermore, this effect increased with increasing numbers of affected sites. There was no effect of the triclosan/copolymer dentifrice in individuals without probing depths ≥3.5 mm at the previous examination. Other factors significantly affecting probing pocket depths (PPD) included increasing age, smoking and presence of P. gingivalis. PPD ≥3.5 mm were positively associated with loss of attachment some 2 years later.Conclusion: This study showed that in a normal adult population, unsupervised use of a triclosan/copolymer dentifrice is effective in slowing the progression of periodontal disease.
Dental clinic attendance in Soweto, South Africa, before and after the introduction of free primary dental health services
Authors: Bhayat Ahmed , Cleaton‐Jones Peter 
Published: December 2004

Abstract –Objective: To compare patient attendance rates 1 year before and after the introduction of free primary dental health services in Soweto, South Africa.Methods: Monthly clinic records for clinic attendance, both casual and booked, and number of dental operators were recorded 1 year either side of April 1996.Results: Patient attendance fluctuated by day and season. There was a mean 46% increase in attendance after free primary dental health services were introduced, with more than a sixfold increase in casual attendees (pain, sepsis) than in booked patients (restorative treatment, dentures, orthodontics).Conclusions: There was a statistically significant increase in casual patient attendance in the year after free primary dental health care was introduced with an increased dental operator load.
Early childhood caries in northern Philippines
Authors: Cariño Khristine Marie G. , Shinada Kayoko , Kawaguchi Yoko 
Published: December 2004

Abstract –Objectives: To determine prevalence and severity of early childhood caries (ECC) among children in northern Philippines. Further, to describe and determine the impact of child‐rearing practices and dental visits on caries status.Methods: Cross‐sectional survey of 993 children aged 2–6 years . Caries was diagnosed based on WHO recommendations. Additional behavioral information was obtained from 452 children aged 3–6 years.Results:  Caries prevalence and mean dmft (±SD) by age were as follows: 2 years = 59% (4.2 ± 5.3); 3 years = 85% (7.4 ± 5.5); 4 years = 90% (8.8 ± 5.6); 5 years = 94% (9.8 ± 5.5); and 6 years = 92% (10.1 ± 5.5). Caries rates mirrored those of developing countries with untreated lesions dominating all ages. Mixed breast and bottle feeding was the norm. Almost half were weaned at more than 2 years old. Majority had toothbrushing practices, but mostly without parental assistance. Toothbrushing was initiated at an average age of 2 years. Only a small proportion had a dental visit, mostly for emergency reasons. Among 3–4‐year‐old children, a significant increase in caries levels were noted for those who started brushing at a later age, had frequent snacks, and had a dental visit for emergency reasons. For children aged 5–6 years, those who went for emergency visits also had significantly more caries. Results indicated an urgent need to (i) increase awareness that ECC is a public health problem in these areas, (ii) advocate use of fluoride as a public health measure, and (iii) increase access to preventive dental services for preschool children.
Psychosocial consequences of dental fear and anxiety
Authors: Locker David 
Published: December 2004

Abstract –Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the negative psychosocial impacts of dental anxiety in a sample of dentally fearful and anxious individuals recruited from the general population. The associations between psychosocial impacts, dental anxiety scale (DAS) scores and other severe fears were explored.Methods: One hundred and thirty‐five subjects who were anxious or fearful about dental treatment were divided into low and high general fear groups based on the number of other severe fears they reported. Negative psychosocial impacts were assessed using a modified form of the scale developed by Kent et al. (1996). This consisted of three dimensions: psychological reactions, social relationships and avoidance/inhibition. Other measures included self‐ratings of oral, general and emotional health and scales to assess self‐esteem and morale.Results: Overall, 93.1% of subjects reported one or more impacts. Those in the high‐fear group had higher psychosocial impact scores than those in the low‐fear group (means of 4.19 vs. 2.85; P < 0.05). Differences were most marked with respect to psychological consequences and avoidance/inhibition. The high‐fear group had scores indicative of lower self‐esteem and lower morale. Forward stepwise linear and logistic regression analyses indicated that both dental anxiety and general fearfulness contributed to these negative outcomes. However, the latter was a more consistent predictor in that it entered six of seven models generated while the former entered only four.Conclusion: The study indicated that dental fear and anxiety have pervasive psychosocial consequences, and that these are more marked among subjects with high levels of general fearfulness. It also provided evidence of the validity of a modified form of the psychosocial impact scale developed by Kent et al. (1996).
Carcinoma and eccrine syringofibroadenoma: a report of five cases
Authors: Bjarke Torsten , Ternesten‐Bratel Annika , Hedblad Marianne , Rausing Alf 
Published: December 2004

Background:  In the literature, there are some reports of cases interpreted as carcinomatous transformation in eccrine syringofibroadenoma (ESFA).Results:  We have studied five cases with a histological mixture of ESFA and carcinoma. The carcinoma had a partial squamous cell cytology in all cases. In two of them, there was partial poroma and porocarcinoma picture. However, the squamous cell parts had some features of porocarcinoma such as retiform configuration and funnel‐like cavities with luminal carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) positivity. Also, there was strong epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) positivity. Therefore, we interpret the cases as porocarcinomas with extensive squamous metaplasia.One case had a life‐long precursor lesion with a histologic picture interpreted as ESFA, with progressing cytologic atypia. Another case had ectodermal dysplasia, a condition known to predispose to ESFA and a precursor lesion of long‐standing, probably benign ESFA. In these two cases, we interpret the carcinoma as a secondary development in a benign ESFA. Three cases were otherwise healthy people with precursor lesions of 10‐, 5‐, and 2‐year duration. We do not know for certain if the ESFA preceded the carcinoma in these cases but we think that it probably did.Conclusions:  We recommend that diagnosed ESFA shall be completely excised or followed, in view of the risk of developing carcinoma.
Occupational exposures occurring in students in a UK dental school1
Authors: Stewardson D. A. , Palenik C. J. , McHugh E. S. , Burke F. J. T. 
Published: December 2004

Background:  Students whilst training may encounter a number of incidents where infection from patient body fluids may occur, especially as their manual skills are underdeveloped and their clinical experience is limited.Purpose of study:  (a) To assess the nature of the occupational exposures occurring to students in a UK dental school, (b) to assess the rate of reporting of incidents, and (c) to evaluate the association of various factors with these exposures. Students in the third, fourth and final years of the 5‐year undergraduate dental course at the University of Birmingham were asked to complete a questionnaire that enquired into personal details, number and nature of incidents, their reporting and follow‐up. A 100% response rate was achieved.Results:  Across the years, there was no significant correlation (p > 0.01) between sex, dominant hand, use of protective glasses or time of day. Slightly more exposures occurred in males, right‐handed students, and in the afternoon. A significant decrease in exposures (p < 0.01) occurred within final year, and when an assistant was employed. Significantly more incidents occurred while a patient was being treated than during operational clean‐up procedures. A substantial number of dental students had experienced one or more occupational exposures during training. Of these, percutaneous injuries predominated. Junior students appear to be more likely to experience exposures, and in these students, needlestick injuries are the most common source.Conclusions:  To reduce the incidence of these exposures, more instruction and training may be required in the earlier clinical years and more chairside assistance. Improvements are required in the monitoring of post‐screening for seroconversion after HBV immunization, and in the reporting of test results in the event of an exposure incident. Under‐reporting of incidents is common and ways to encourage and facilitate reporting should be sought.
Markers of platelet activation, thrombin generation and fibrinolysis in women with sickle cell disease: effects of differing forms of hormonal contraception
Authors: Yoong W.C. , Tuck S.M. , Pasi K.J. , Owens D. , Perry D.J. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract: Objective: To examine laboratory markers of platelet activation, thrombin generation and fibrinolysis in women with sickle cell disease (SCD) using the combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP), progestogen only (PO) contraception and non‐hormonal contraception.Design: A prospective observational study set in two teaching hospitals in the London region.Method: Forty‐four women with SCD in steady haematological state using differing hormonal contraception were recruited and venesection was performed at standardised times for the measurements of markers of platelet activation, thrombin generation and fibrinolysis.Outcome measures: Prothrombin fragment1+2, plasmin α2 antiplasmin complexes, platelet factor 4 (PF‐4), β‐thromboglobulin and free protein S antigen (PS‐Ag).Results: PS‐Ag was decreased and PF‐4 increased in all women while the other haemostatic variables were within normal reference ranges. However, there was no statistically significant differences in the measurements of all the haemostatic variables between the three groups of sickle cell women (Kruskal–Wallis, P > 0.05).Conclusion: There is anxiety about prescribing the COCP in women with SCD based on the assumption that risk of venous thromboembolism may be compounded by the underlying disease process that occurs with these women. The observed data suggest that SCD women who use the COCP have haemostatic markers which are not statistically different compared with similar women who use PO contraception or non‐hormonal contraception. However, a randomized interventional trial would be necessary to evaluate further the safety aspect of COCP use in this group of women.
Spatial dynamics of mutualistic interactions
Authors: Amarasekare Priyanga 
Published: December 2004

Summary

I present a model of mutualistic interactions in a patchy landscape. The interaction is between two species that differ in their mobility. The landscape is spatially structured, with several localities interconnected by dispersal of the mobile mutualist.
Within a given locality, an Allee effect can occur such that the per capita growth rate of the non‐mobile mutualist declines with its own abundance. The Allee effect arises in response to low abundances of the mobile mutualist, and causes extinction of both species once their numbers fall below a critical threshold.
Dispersal of the mobile mutualist can rescue such sink communities from extinction, provided there is at least one source community in which both species have abundances above the extinction threshold. Dispersal itself is density‐independent, but induces negative density‐dependence that counteracts the positive density‐dependence due to the Allee effect. This negative feedback effect of dispersal has not previously been demonstrated in mutualism models.
Rescue of sink communities, however, depends on how dispersal influences the local dynamics of source communities. If dispersal involves surplus individuals the loss of whom does not affect the reproductive output of the source community, persistence of sink communities is guaranteed as long as the survivorship of long‐distance dispersers exceeds a lower threshold. In contrast, if dispersal involves emigrants that constitute a fraction of the source community's reproductive output, persistence of sink communities additionally requires that emigration does not exceed an upper threshold. Too much emigration can cause a net loss of the mobile mutualist from the source community, resulting in landscape‐wide extinction of the mutualistic interaction.
The effect of dispersal mode on the dynamics of mutualistic interactions has not been appreciated previously. If the benefit of the rescue effect to sinks is outweighed by the cost of dispersal to sources, mutualistic communities linked by dispersal may experience a greater loss of diversity than communities that are isolated.
Timing of locomotor impairment and shift in thermal preferences during gravidity in a viviparous lizard
Authors: Le Galliard J.‐F. , Le Bris M. , Clobert J. 
Published: December 2004

Summary

Locomotor impairment and shift in thermal preferences during gestation have been documented in some lizards, but few studies have investigated their timing. Here, endurance capacity, sprint speed and selected body temperature of gravid females of the viviparous lizard Lacerta vivipara (Jacquin) were measured weekly before and after parturition.
Significant temporal variation of endurance and sprint speed was detected. A marked decrease in locomotor abilities occurred 2 weeks before parturition (c. 35% for endurance and 25% for sprint speed). A rapid recovery was observed a few days after parturition for endurance, while sprint speed recovered more slowly.
A physical impairment due to body mass was detected for endurance capacity, but not for sprint speed. The recovery of locomotor abilities after parturition was independent of the intensity of reproductive investment. Mass‐independent variation in locomotor performances might be explained by physiological consequences of reproduction independent of the physical burden.
Females basking under laboratory conditions selected low body temperatures during the final month of gestation (29·8 °C ± 0·12 SE) and a drastic increase occurred in the few days following parturition (33·4 °C ± 0·13 SE).
These results call for a more detailed investigation of the mechanisms underlying trade‐offs between reproduction, locomotion and thermoregulation in lizards.
Treatment of primary orbital lymphomas
Authors: Schick Uta , Lermen Oliver , Unsöld Renate , Hassler Werner 
Published: December 2004

Abstract:We present an overview of the treatment and clinical outcome of 15 orbital lymphomas, carried out in our center from 1993 to 2002. The surgical approach was determined by the location, and type of the lesion. Lateral orbitotomy was performed in five laterally located lesions, a transconjunctival approach in five medial, basal, extra‐, intraconal lesions. Pterional intradural and extradural and intradural approaches (three) were used in case of intracranial involvement or location in the apex and optic canal. Two lesions of the lid or extraconal space were operated via eyebrow incision. Ten patients were diagnosed as extranodal marginal zone lymphoma. Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLCL) was encountered in two patients, follicular lymphoma (FCL) in two patients, and diffuse lymphoplasmacytic/lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma in one patient. All patients except one failed to reveal systemic disease and had a localized orbital lymphoma. Twelve of the patients responded to radiation therapy with usually 40 Gy. Cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone chemotherapy was applied in two patients, once in combination with radiotherapy. Local recurrence was seen in one patient with FCL. Systemic manifestation occurred in one patient with DLCL, undergoing ifosfamide, carboplatin, etoposide chemotherapy with complete remission. The course of orbital non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma is variable and requires a multidisciplinary treatment. Therapeutic options include surgical biopsy, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.
Interpretation of quality of life scores in multiple myeloma by comparison with a reference population and assessment of the clinical importance of score differences
Authors: Gulbrandsen Nina , Hjermstad Marianne J. , Wisløff Finn ,   for the Nordic Myeloma Study Group
Published: December 2004

Abstract:Objectives:  Without clear guidelines, clinicians and health care providers are often uncertain how to interpret (quality of life) QOL scores. To facilitate the interpretation, QOL scores of multiple myeloma patients at diagnosis were compared with the scores of a reference population, and the clinical significance of QOL score differences and of changes in scores over time was assessed.Methods:  Data from two prospective Nordic Myeloma Study Group trials (221 patients <60 yr treated with high dose chemotherapy, and 203 patients >60 yr treated with melphalan and prednisone) were analysed. The EORTC QLQ‐C30 questionnaire was used. The results were compared with the scores of an age‐ and gender‐adjusted Norwegian reference population (n = 3000), using a regressional approach. The magnitude of the observed differences and of score changes during follow‐up was estimated as effect size [score difference (SD)] and according to a subjective rating system as small, moderate or large.Results:  At diagnosis, the most distressing problems were pain and fatigue, reduced physical functioning, limitations in role functioning and reduced overall QOL. These differences from the reference population were statistically significant (P < 0.001), and large or moderate according to the rating systems. After the start of treatment, small to moderate improvement in mean QOL scores were observed for most domains.Conclusion:  Comparison with a reference population eases the interpretation of QOL scores and prevents overestimation of symptoms and underestimation of subjective treatment response. The agreement between the two methods to evaluate the meaning of differences and changes in QOL scores was good.
Secondary follicular lymphoma of the bone, transformed into large cell lymphoma, in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: an uncommon manifestation of Richter's syndrome
Authors: Hensel Manfred , Buss Eike C. , Tiemann Markus , Parwaresch Reza , Libicher Martin , Fruehauf Stefan , Ho Anthony D. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract:Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are at a significantly increased risk of developing a second malignant neoplasm in the course of their disease. The occurrence of large cell lymphoma [Richter's syndrome (RS)] has been described in approximately 3–5% of CLL patients. Other types of secondary lymphoid malignancies are extremely rare. Here we describe a patient, heavily pretreated, with long history of CLL who developed a secondary follicular lymphoma, transformed into a diffuse large cell lymphoma (LCL), with isolated manifestation in the bone, a very rare manifestation of RS. CLL and LCL cells were of distinct clonal origin, as documented by DNA sequencing of the CDR3 regions. Twelve months after the completion of chemo‐ and local radiotherapy, the patient is still in remission.