bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Spinel Oxide Li4/3Ti5/3O4 as Electrochemical Insertion Materials for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries
Authors: Kanamura Kiyoshi , Naito Hidetoshi , Takehara Zen-ichiro 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
We firstly claim that the unique performance of Li4/3Ti5/3O4 as electrochemical materials in terms of a flat potential and an infinitesimal structural change is caused by a cation ordering of Li+ and Ti4+ at 16d sites in the spinel superstructure.
Electrochemical Control of Hydrogenase Action of Desulfovibrio vulgaris (Hildenborough)
Authors: Ikeda Tokuji , Takagi Kazuyoshi , Tatsumi Hirosuke , Kano Kenji 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
A carbon electrode modified with immobilized whole cells of Desulfovibrio vulgaris was found to be able to electrochemically drive the reaction: H2↔2H++2e− very effectively in both forward and reverse directions by the use of methyl viologen and vitamin K3 as a mediator, respectively. Similarly, the reduction of dioxygen was electrochemically driven by the use of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans as a biocatalyst and hexacyanoferrate (II) as a mediator.
Enzyme-Catalyzed P-F Bond Hydrolysis of Monofluorophosphate as a Simple Model of Sarin Detoxification
Authors: Yoza Norimasa , Nakashima Sachiko , Nakazato Tetsuya 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
The catalytic ability of alkaline phosphatase (EC3.1.3.1) to promote P-F bond hydrolysis was examined with a simple nontoxic P-F compound, monofluorophosphate (Na2PO3F), to obtain an insight into the enzymatic degradation of Sarin, a toxic P-F compound. The enzyme recognized inorganic monofluorophosphate as a substrate and accelerated its hydrolytic conversion to orthophosphate and fluoride ions at pH 7.2 - 9.0 and 30 °C by a factor of ten billion (1010).
Novel Early-late Transition Metal Complexes. The First Thiolato Bridged Titanium-Ruthenium Complexes
Authors: Fujita Ken-ichi , Ikeda Masakazu , Kondo Teruyuki , Mitsudo Take-aki 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
A series of novel thiolato-bridged titanium-ruthenium mixed metal complexes, Cp2Ti(μ-SPh)2RuClCp*, Cp2Ti(μ-SPh)2RuHCp* and [Cp2Ti(μ-SPh)2Ru(L)Cp*][PF6] (L = CH3CN, t-BuCN) are prepared.
Benzoquinone-Linked Fullerenes with a Pyrrolidine Spacer
Authors: Iyoda Masahiko , Sultana Fatema , Kato Ai , Yoshida Masato , Kuwatani Yoshiyuki , Komatsu Mitsuo , Nagase Shigeru 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
The synthesis of 1,4-benzoquinone-linked fullerenes (1 and 2) and an attempted synthesis of 1,2-benzoquinone-linked fullerenes (9 and 10) are described with the interesting redox behavior of these benzoquinone-linked fullerenes.
Hydrophobilization of Lysozyme by Genetic Combination with Polyproline at the Carboxyl Terminal
Authors: Ito Yoshihiro , Hamamatsu Norio , Kwon Oh Hyeong , Ueda Mitsuyoshi , Tanaka Atsuo , Imanishi Yukio 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
Polyproline, which is an amphiphilic polypeptide, was incorporated into lysozyme by the recombinant DNA technique. The hydrophobicity of lysozyme increased with the incorporation of a longer polyproline. The bactericidal activity of lysozyme against Gram-negative bacteria increased with the hydrophobicity of the enzyme.
Improved Second Harmonic Generation from Langmuir-Blodgett Monolayers of an Ionically Combined Bis-chromophore Zinc Complex
Authors: Zhou Dejian , Ashwell Geoffrey J , Huang Chunhui 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
Strong second harmonic generation (SHG) from LB monolayers of a new ionically combined nonlinear optical bis-chromophore zinc complex, bis(E)-N-octadecyl-4-[2-(4-dibutylaminophenyl)ethenyl] pyridinium bis (2-thione-1,3-dithiol-4,5-dimercapto) zinc (1), was observed even when the film was transferred at 5 mN/m. The second-order susceptibility (χ(2)ZZZ) is evaluated to be about 140 pmV−1, which is 2.8 times that of the corresponding dye iodide.
DMPO Spin Trapping of Superoxide Anion in Strong Alkaline DMSO Solution
Authors: Hashimoto Mitsuo , Nakai Yumi , Kohno Masahiro , Tajima Kunihiko , Kanaori Kenji , Endo Nobuyuki , Makino Keisuke 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
Superoxide anion (O2•−), generated in a strong alkaline DMSO solution and detected by direct 77 K EPR, was trapped with 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) and the resultant nitroxide radical, DMPO/O2•−, has been found to be sufficiently stable for the subsequent EPR detection.
A Facile Transgalactosylation catalyzed by a Lipid-Coated β-
D
-Galactosidase in the Water-Organic Two Phases
Authors: Mori Toshiaki , Fujita Sanae , Okahata Yoshio 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
A lipid-coated β-D-galactosidase could act as an efficient catalyst for transgalactosylation in the water-organic two phases: both the hydrophobic lipid-coated enzyme and alcohols were solubilized in isopropyl ether and mixed with an aqueous solution of lactose (a galactosyl donor). When a native β-D-galactosidase was employed for the same reaction, neither the transgalactosylation nor the hydrolysis reaction proceeded due to the deactivation of the enzyme at the interface.
Bifunctional Receptors. Rate Accelerations of Oxidative Decarboxylation of Pyruvate by Thymine-Thiazolium in the Presence of a Melamine Derivative Bearing a Guanidinium Ion
Authors: Takaki Akiko , Utsumi Katsuhiro , Kajiki Takeshi , Kuroi Tadashi , Nabeshima Tatsuya , Yano Yumihiko 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
It was found that melamine derivatives bearing a guanidinium ion assemble a thymine-thiazolium ion and pyruvate in close proximity via hydrogen bonds to enhance the rate of the oxidative decarboxylation in CHCl3-MeCN (9 : 1 v/v), where the guanidinium ion not only binds pyruvate but also activates it.
Detection of O(3P2) by Vacuum Ultraviolet Laser Spectroscopy
Authors: Chowdhury A M Sarwaruddin , Matsumi Yutaka , Kawasaki Masahiro 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
O atoms in the 3P2 state were detected by vacuum ultraviolet laser-induced fluorescence (VUV LIF) technique. The O(3P2) atoms were produced by the collision between the O atoms in the 1D excited state and collision partner N2. O atoms in the 1D excited state were obtained by photodissociation of N2O at 193 nm laser light. As O(3P2) species has their first transition in the VUV region, the probe laser was used to excite O(2p3Pj) atoms to the O(3s3So) state at 130.212 nm. A four wave difference frequency mixing (2ω1−ω2) process using Kr as nonlinear media was employed to generate 130.212 nm probe laser light.
Energy Transfer from [Ru(bpy)3]2+ to [Cr(ox)3]3− in a Crystal of Double Complex Salt: Na[Ru(bpy)3][Cr(ox)3]
Authors: Otsuka Takuhiro , Kaizu Youkoh 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
In a crystal of double complex salt Na[Ru(bpy)3][Cr(ox)3] (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine, ox2− = C2O42−) obtained by mixing aqueous solutions of Na3[Cr(ox)3]•5H2O and [Ru(bpy)3]Cl2•6H2O, both luminescence from 3CT (metal-to-ligand charge-transfer) state of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ and 2Eg state of [Cr(ox)3]3− could be observed at 77 K, although the luminescence from 3CT was extremely small. Lifetime of the luminescence from 3CT becomes far shorter than that of single complex salts [Ru(bpy)3]X•nH2O (X = 2Cl−, SO42−). The large lifetime reduction of 3CT state indicates that the excitation energy transfer occurs via 3CT state of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ moiety in the double complex salt.
Transition Structures of [2,3]-Wittig Rearrangement of 2-Oxa-5-methylhexene-1-carboxylic Acid
Authors: Okajima Toshiya , Fukazawa Yoshimasa 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
Transition structures for [2,3]-Wittig rearrangement of dilithium salts of 2-oxa-4-(Z and E)-methylhexene-1-carboxylic acid (1 and 2, respectively) have been located with ab initio molecular orbital calculation at the level of 6-31G* basis set. The origin of the observed stereoselectivity of [2,3]-Wittig rearrangement of 1 and 2 was clarified.
A Clay Self-Assembled on a Gold Surface
Authors: Hotta Yuji , Inukai Keiichi , Taniguchi Masahiro , Yamagishi Akihiko 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
A smectite-type clay having alkanethiol groups on a basal plane has been synthesized. The clay has been revealed to be self-assembled on a gold surface by applying the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and the atomic force microscopy (AFM) methods.
Synthesis and Redox Property of Polypeptides Containing l-Ferrocenylalanine
Authors: Kira Michie , Matsubara Teruhiko , Shinohara Hiroaki , Sisido Masahiko 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
An optically-active redox amino acid, l-ferrocenylalanine was synthesized. The amino acid was incorporated into polypeptides in the form of a single l-ferrocenylalanine unit or a l-ferrocenylalanyl-l-ferrocenylalanine unit. Those polypeptides showed reversible redox property on the cyclic voltammetry.
An in situ FT-IR Study on Photocatalytic Reaction at Semiconductor-Aqueous Solution Interface — Mechanism of Photocatalytic N-Cyclization of (S)-Lysine
Authors: Ohtani Bunsho , Yako Takayuki , Samukawa Yoriaki , Nishimoto Sei-ichi , Kanamura Kiyoshi 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
Photoinduced reaction occurring at an aqueous solution-semiconductor interface was analyzed in situ by reflection FT-IR spectroscopy. The photoinduced reflection spectral change, ΔR (= (R−R0)/R0), was recorded by using an IR cell consisting of a semiconductor (TiO2 or CdS) thin film electrode, a thin layer of aqueous (S)-lysine solution, and a calcium fluoride window. Structure of adsorbed substrate and mechanism of photoinduced reaction were discussed.
Monitoring of Atmospheric Concentration of Chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22) by Automated GC/O2-doped-ECD
Authors: Toyoda Sakae , Tominaga Takeshi , Makide Yoshihiro 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
An automated gas chromatograph/electron capture detector (GC/ECD) system was developed to monitor the concentration of HCFC-22 in the urban atmosphere at intervals of 90 min. By using two columns in series we avoided the use of cryogen and dryer for preconcentration or sample drying. Oxygen was doped into the N2 carrier gas to sensitize the ECD. Serial measurements of atmospheric HCFC-22 concentration were attempted in the central area of Tokyo.
cis-2-Amino-3,3-dimethyl-1-indanol: Application as a Highly Efficient Chiral Auxiliary for the Diels-Alder Reaction
Authors: Sudo Atsushi , Saigo Kazuhiko 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
The chiral oxazolidinone, derived from cis-2-amino-3,3-dimethyl-1-indanol, was found to be an efficient chiral auxiliary in the asymmetric Diels-Alder reaction.
Acid-Catalyzed Photoreaction of 6-Chloro-1,3-dimethyluracil in Frozen Benzene: Formation of Novel Cycloadducts, Tetrahydropentaleno[1,2-e]pyrimidine-2,4-dione Derivatives
Authors: Ohkura Kazue , Noguchi Yukari , Seki Koh-ichi 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
Contrasting to the photoreaction of 6-chloro-1,3-dimethyluracil in benzene at ambient temperature in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid, whereby 1,3-dimethylcyclooctapyrimidine was produced as a sole cycloadduct, the similar photoreaction in frozen benzene at −15 ∼ −20 °C proceeded quite differently to give three novel photocycloadducts, 7-chloro-1,3-dimethyl-4b,5,7a,8-tetrahydropentaleno[1,2-e]pyrimidine-2,4-dione, 5-chloro-1,3-dimethyl-4b,7,7a,8-tetrahydropentaleno[1,2-e]pyrimidine-2,4-dione, and 6-chloro-10,12-diazapentacyclo[6.4.0.01,3.02,5.04,8]dodecane-9,11-dione.
Rapid Equilibrium between Trigonal-bipyramidal and Square-pyramidal Geometries of 1-Popanethiolato Platinum(II) Complex with Tris[2-(diphenylphosphino)ethyl]phosphine
Authors: Aizawa Sen-ichi , Kobayashi Tadashi 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
The rapid equilibrium between five-coordinate trigonal-bipyramidal [Pt(pt)(pp3)]+ (pt = 1-propanethiolate, pp3 = tris[2-(diphenylphosphino)ethyl]phosphine) and square-pyramidal [PtI(pt)(pp3)] with an axially coordinated I− and dissociated terminal phosphino group was clearly observed in the presence of a large excess of I− at low temperatures. Such a square-pyramidal intermediate is expected to be formed in the course of substitution reactions of trigonal-bipyramidal Pt(II) complexes.
“Race” Speech—“Culture” Speech—“Soul” Speech: The Brief Career of Social-Science Language in American Religion during the Fascist Era
Authors: Rose Anne C. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractBeginning in the 1920s, American religious liberals borrowed language from the social sciences to describe the social experience of religion. Wishing to foster tolerance at a time when ethnic hatreds increasingly controlled world politics, they tried to drop the word “race” as the equivalent for a religious community and instead depict religions as cultural units by substituting terms like “group.” This was part of a broad intellectual transition in the free West. Long-standing biological models of society, assuming racial differences, gave way to explanations of human behavior emphasizing acquired traits. In this way, democratic cultures, confronting fascism, reaffirmed the malleability and equality of peoples and rejected determinism and hierarchy. American religious liberals of Protestant, Catholic, and Jewish backgrounds, committed to ecumenism and attentive to secular ideas, readily appropriated the new idiom. By the 1940s, talk of Nordic, Celtic, and Jewish races, among others, was rare, and the three mainstream religions, pictured as bearers of values, were praised as democracy's building blocks. Yet, because religion serves private needs and transcendent aspirations as well as society, this romance with social-science functionalism was short-lived. It was a small step from lauding religions as comparable and compromising to missing their distinctiveness, and a mood of traditionalism, expressed in humanistic, often biblically informed words, gained ground after World War II. This was not a simple speech revolution, however. Rhetoric that cast religions as social equivalents had enhanced the climate of freedom, to the point that religious minorities re-explored their heritages with unprecedented confidence. Social-science words set stage for their own subversion. This account of linguistic borrowing suggests the utility of considering religion as one language system among others in a complex culture. In this view, religious rhetoric is a public embodiment of values situated to interact with secular speech, making word use a sensitive meter of religious transformation.
A high‐stability fluxgate magnetic gradiometer for shallow geophysical survey applications
Authors: Bartington G. , Chapman C. E. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe detection of induced and remanent magnetization of subsurface features provides a rapid survey technique. Rejection of the unwanted geomagnetic field and its diurnal variations is accomplished by adopting a gradient magnetometer arrangement in which only the difference signal from two magnetometers, separated by a short distance, is recorded. Nuclear resonance scalar magnetometers offer high sensitivity but have higher power requirements and therefore suffer a weight penalty relative to fluxgate types. Fluxgate magnetometers are vector sensing and their sensitivity is limited, mainly by thermally induced mechanical and electronic drift. This paper describes the development of a 1‐m separation, vertical component, fluxgate magnetometer that alleviates these problems. Single and multiple array gradiometer configurations are presented, together with a description of data logging software developed to enhance survey efficiency. Survey data acquired during trials and testing are presented. The ergonomics of portable instrument surveying is also discussed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Immobilized Escherichia coli BL21 as a Catalyst for the Synthesis of Adenine and Hypoxanthine Nucleosides
Authors: Trelles Jorge A. , Bentancor Leticia , Schoijet Alejandra , Porro Silvia , Lewkowicz Elizabeth S. , Sinisterra José V. , Iribarren Adolfo M. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractDifferent supports, such as alginate, agar, agarose, and polyacrylamide, were used to immobilize Escherichia coli BL 21 by entrapment techniques. The transglycosylation reaction involved in the synthesis of adenosine from uridine and adenine was chosen as a model system to study the characteristics of these biocatalysts. Whole cells immobilized on agarose proved to be optimal and could be used up to 30 times without significant loss of activity. This biocatalyst was further employed to test its ability in the synthesis of other adenine and hypoxanthine nucleosides. Ribo‐, 2′‐deoxyribo‐, and arabinonucleosides could be prepared in high yields starting from the corresponding pyrimidine nucleosides and purine bases. Similar product yields were obtained with both free and immobilized cells, though, in the latter case, a longer reaction time was necessary.
Early acquisition of typical metabolic features upon differentiation of mouse neural stem cells into astrocytes
Authors: Brunet J.F. , Grollimund L. , Chatton J‐Y. , Lengacher S. , Magistretti P.J. , Villemure J.G. , Pellerin L. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractSpecific metabolic features, such as glutamate reuptake, have been associated with normal functions of mature astrocytes. In this study, we examined whether these characteristics are acquired together with classical phenotypic markers of differentiated astrocytes. Differentiation of E14 mouse neurospheres into astrocytes was induced by the addition of fetal bovine serum (FBS). Degree of differentiation was assessed by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and immunofluorescence for both GFAP and nestin. Neural stem cells expressed nestin but not GFAP, while differentiated astrocytes were immunopositive for GFAP but displayed low levels of nestin expression. A strong increase in the expression of the glutamate transporter GLAST and the monocarboxylate transporter MCT1 accompanied phenotypic changes. In addition, active glutamate transport appeared in differentiated astrocytes, as well as their capacity to increase aerobic glycolysis in response to glutamate. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and ciliary neurotrophic factor, but not interleukin‐6, triggered the expression of phenotypic and morphological characteristics of astrocytes. In addition, exposure to LIF led to the appearance of metabolic features typically associated with astrocytes. Altogether, our results show that acquisition of some specific metabolic features by astrocytes occurs early in their differentiation process and that LIF represents a candidate signal to induce their expression. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional expression of constitutive nitric oxide synthases regulated by voltage‐gated Na+ and Ca2+ channels in cultured human astrocytes
Authors: Oka Michiko , Wada Miyuki , Yamamoto Akira , Itoh Yoshinori , Fujita Takuya 
Published: March 2004

AbstractWe report the functional characterization of constitutive nitric oxide synthase(s) (NOS) such as neuronal and endothelial NOS in cultured human astrocytes. Exposure of cultured human astrocytes to 1 μM veratridine or 50 mM KCl produced a pronounced increase in a calmodulin‐dependent NOS activity estimated from cGMP formation. The functional expression of voltage‐gated Na+ channel, which is estimated by the response to veratridine, appeared to be earlier (at second day in culture) than that of voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels, which are estimated by the response to the KCl stimulation (at fourth day in culture). The KCl‐evoked NO synthesis was totally reversed by L‐type Ca2+ channel blockers such as nifedipine and verapamil, but not by ω‐conotoxin GVIA, an N‐type Ca2+ channel blocker, or ω‐agatoxin IVA, a P/Q‐type Ca2+ channel blocker. In addition, verapamil abolished the KCl‐induced increase in the intracellular free Ca2+ concentration. RT‐PCR analysis revealed that mRNA for neuronal and endothelial NOS was expressed in human astrocytes. In addition, Western blot analysis and double labeling of NOS and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) showed that cultured human astrocytes expressed neuronal NOS and endothelial NOS as well as the α1 subunit of Ca2+ channel. These results suggest that human astrocytes express constitutive NOS that are regulated by voltage‐gated L‐type Ca2+ channel as well as Na+ channel. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Postoperative complications after chemoradiation for advanced head and neck cancer
Authors: Proctor Eva , Robbins K. Thomas , Vieira Francisco , Hanchett Catherine , Sommes Grant 
Published: March 2004

AbstractBackground.To compare the rate of postoperative complications of patients with advanced head and neck cancer treated with the chemoradiation protocol “RADPLAT” with that of a similar cohort of patients treated with primary surgery.Methods.We retrospectively analyzed 50 patients treated with RADPLAT and 50 patients treated with primary surgery.Results.The rates of complications for local wound problems were 54% and 42%, respectively, for the RADPLAT cohort and the primary surgery cohort. However, the rate of local complications for the subset of RADPLAT patients undergoing clean‐contaminated surgery was 69% (p = .305). The rates of complications for medical (systemic) problems were 10% and 12%, respectively, for RADPLAT versus primary surgery patients. There was no significant difference in hospitalization time between the groups.Conclusions.Among patients with advanced head and neck cancer, surgical complications are high but not significantly different between patients undergoing the chemoradiation protocol “RADPLAT” and those undergoing primary surgery. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 26: 272–277, 2004
Vision enhancement system for detection of oral cavity neoplasia based on autofluorescence
Authors: Svistun Ekaterina , Alizadeh‐Naderi Reza , El‐Naggar Adel , Jacob Rhonda , Gillenwater Ann , Richards‐Kortum Rebecca 
Published: March 2004

AbstractBackground.Early detection of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the oral cavity can improve survival. It is often difficult to distinguish neoplastic and benign lesions with standard white light illumination. We evaluated whether a technique that capitalizes on an alternative source of contrast, tissue autofluorescence, improves visual examination.Methods.Autofluorescence of freshly resected oral tissue was observed visually and photographed at specific excitation/emission wavelength combinations optimized for response of the human visual system and tissue fluorescence properties. Perceived tumor margins were indicated for each wavelength combination. Punch biopsies were obtained from several sites from each specimen. Sensitivity and specificity were evaluated by correlating histopathologic diagnosis with visual impression.Results.Best results were achieved with illumination at 400 nm and observation at 530 nm. Here, sensitivity and specificity were 91% and 86% in discrimination of normal tissue from neoplasia. This compares favorably with white light examination, in which sensitivity and specificity were 75% and 43%.Conclusions.Oral cavity autofluorescence can be easily viewed by the human eye in real time. Visual examination of autofluorescence enhances perceived contrast between normal and neoplastic oral mucosa in fresh tissue resections. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 26: 205–215, 2004
A longitudinal quasi‐experiment on the effects of posttraining transfer interventions
Authors: Gaudine Alice P. , Saks Alan M. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractA longitudinal quasi experiment tested the effects of a relapse prevention and transfer enhancement posttraining
intervention on the self‐efficacy, transfer behavior, and performance of a sample of nurses who attended a
two‐day training program on the McGill Model of Nursing. ANCOVA results failed to support the effectiveness
of the intervention; in fact, participants in the transfer enhancement condition had the lowest transfer
behavior and performance except when it was combined with relapse prevention. However, all trainees showed
significant increase in self‐efficacy, behavior, and performance. Results are explained based on training
program effectiveness, organizational context, and transfer system. A positive transfer climate and factors in the
transfer system likely contributed. Implications discussed include the need to conduct a transfer of training needs
analysis (TTNA) and a contingency approach to posttraining transfer interventions.