bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perspectives on healthy aging in middle age
Authors: Solhi Mahnaz , Pirouzeh Razieh , Zanjari Nasibeh 
Published: February 2024

CONTEXT:
Understanding how middle-aged people perceive healthy aging and what they need to do to stay healthy as they age can help public policy planning to enhance the lifestyles of middle-aged and elderly people.

AIMS:
The purpose of this study was to clarify the concept of healthy aging and strategies to achieve it from the perspective of middle-aged people in Tehran, Iran.

SETTING AND DESIGN:
This qualitative study was performed on 21 middle-aged people aged 45–59 years of Tehran in 2019.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS:
The data collection was carried out through semi-structured and in-depth interviews; the interviews were audiotaped, transcribed. Sampling was carried out gradually until data saturation through purposive sampling was achieved.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED:
Data collection and analysis were performed simultaneously. Data were analyzed using conventional content analysis. To establish the reliability and validity of findings, Graneheim and Landman criteria were considered.

RESULTS:
The middle-aged perspective on healthy aging was included in four main themes: having good physical and mental health, having financial well-being, having social support. Strategies for achieving healthy aging were included in five themes: future financial planning, promoting physical health, promoting psychological health, maintaining and improving communication.

CONCLUSION:
From the middle-aged perspective, healthy aging and strategies to achieve it are multidimensional. Planning for promotional interventions to have a healthy old age should be including all dimensions and done from the years before old age.
Botulinum toxin augmented surgery versus conventional surgery in the management of large-angle concomitant esotropia: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Alattar Sara , Saad Mohamed Sayed , Rashed Gamal El-Deen , Anwar Mohamed 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUND:The surgical management of large-angle concomitant esotropia is challenging with high reoperation rates. This study aims to assess the effectiveness and safety of intraoperative botulinum toxin A (BTA) augmentation compared to surgery alone in large angle concomitant esotropia.MATERIALS AND METHODS:This is a prospective randomized interventional study. Patients with large angle concomitant esotropia (≥55 prism diopter [PD]) were randomly allocated to either surgery only (Group I) or BTA augmented surgery (Group II). The surgical effect in PD/mm was calculated and compared between the study groups at all follow up intervals. Treatment was considered successful if the patients had orthotropia ± 10 PD at their final examinations.RESULTS:A total of 23 patients were included in the study, 11 in Group I and 12 in group II. The surgical effect was significantly greater in Group II compared to Group I at all follow up durations. The 1-year surgical effect was 32.5% greater in Group II compared to Group I (5.99 ± 0.69 vs. 4.52 ± 0.91 PD/mm, respectively,P= 0.001). The success rate was greater for Group II compared to Group I (75% vs. 63.64%, respectively), but this difference was not statistically significant (P= 0.901).CONCLUSION:Botulinum toxin augmented surgery is a good alternative to surgery alone in the treatment of large angle concomitant esotropia. BTA injection exerts a significant augmentation effect on medial rectus muscle recessions.
Optical coherence tomography-angiography findings of prediabetic patients
Authors: Emre Sinan , Altin Cihan , Ulusoy Mahmut Oguz , Aydin Elcin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate prediabetic patients for microvascular changes using optical coherence tomography-angiography (OCT-A) and compare with diabetic patients and healthy controls.

METHODS:
OCT-A images of 60 eyes of 30 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), 72 eyes of 36 prediabetic patients, and 108 eyes of 54 healthy controls were retrospectively evaluated and compared in this study. A swept-source OCTA (Triton, Topcon) instrument was used for collecting OCT-A images. Duration of the diabetic or prediabetic period, glycated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose level, postprandial glucose (PPG) level, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, and creatinine values of all participants were recorded.

RESULTS:
Microaneurysm, nonperfusion areas, perifoveal capillary disruption, and capillary network disorganization were detected in both prediabetics and diabetics but statistically more common in diabetic patients. Neovascularization and intraretinal microvascular anomalies were detected only in diabetic patients.

CONCLUSIONS:
OCT-A seemed to be effective in detecting microvascular changes in diabetic patients. More importantly, results showed us that in prediabetic patients, microvascular changes can be seen before the onset of DM and before or concurrently with neurodegenerative changes.
Anatomical outcome of laser treatment alone in aggressive retinopathy of prematurity
Authors: Dwivedi Anamika , Dwivedi Deepak , Lakhtakia Sujata , Charudutt Chalisgaonkar 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

PURPOSE:
The purpose is to study the anatomical outcome of eyes in aggressive retinopathy of prematurity (AROP), treated with laser photocoagulation alone and to evaluate factors affecting outcomes.

METHODS:
Records of consecutive babies diagnosed with AROP, undergoing laser photocoagulation treatment in rural tertiary care centers from October 2016 to January 2021 were reviewed retrospectively. Anatomical outcome at 6 months follow-up was grouped as good in eyes with complete regression and poor in those who developed retinal detachment (stage IV a, IV b, and V). Both groups were compared with respect to the period of gestation, birth weight (BW), age at screening, age at treatment, zone of disease, presence of retinal fibrovascular proliferation (FVP), tunica vasculosa lentis, preretinal bleed, need for supplement laser, and associated systemic risk factors.

RESULTS:
Of the total of 2468 babies screened, 124 (5.02%) were diagnosed with severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), of which 54 (43.5%) lasered AROP babies were analyzed. Mean BW and gestation period of the AROP cohort were 1.43 kg and 31.1 weeks, respectively. Eighty-six eyes (79.6%) had good outcomes with laser photocoagulation alone. Posterior location of disease, presence of FVP, neonatal sepsis, shock, and late screening for ROP were found to be factors associated with poor outcomes.

CONCLUSION:
Adequate and timely treatment with laser photocoagulation in AROP can achieve good treatment outcomes in a significant proportion of babies. Although a combined approach using laser, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor and early vitrectomy is better, laser remains a viable treatment option in AROP, especially with limited resources and high risk of loss to follow-up.
A case of granulomatosis with polyangiitis-associated scleritis presenting as conjunctivitis
Authors: Doshi Aashna , Shah Mauli , Srinivasan Bhaskar , Majumder Parthopratim Dutta 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A 42-year-old male presented initially with conjunctivitis and was treated with topical medical medications without any improvement. He developed ocular pain subsequently and further examination revealed lid edema, conjunctival hyperemia with chemosis, matting of lashes with yellowish discharge, and deeper episcleral congestion which did not blanch with topical vasoconstrictor. Subsequent laboratory investigation revealed positive cytoplasmic-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (Anti-PR 3 antibody). He continued to develop recurrences and finally responded to oral azathioprine. Granulomatosis with polyangitis may rarely present as conjunctivitis and subsequently manifest as scleritis.
Progression of diabetic retinopathy following uncomplicated phacoemulsification: A prospective study from South India
Authors: Sruthi R. , Saikumar Seshadri J. , Gopalakrishnan Mahesh 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

AIM:
The aim of this study was to study the progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and macular edema in uncomplicated phacoemulsification in patients with diabetes mellitus with a follow-up of 6 months.

METHODS:
A prospective, nonrandomized study was conducted on patients with established or no DR in a known case of diabetes mellitus undergoing cataract surgery by phacoemulsification, with no intraoperative complications. Detailed ophthalmic evaluation including fundus examination was done in all cases, and DR staging was done. Optical coherence tomography and fundus fluorescein angiography were done in indicated cases. Fundus evaluation was done during the follow-up visits in 3 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months postsurgery and the tests were repeated if necessary.

RESULTS:
In the current study, there was a statistically significant improvement in best-corrected visual acuity after cataract surgery compared to the preoperative value. From the 330 eyes we analyzed, there was a progression of DR in only 18 eyes (5.45%) following phacoemulsification. There was a statistically significant increase in central macular thickness (CMT) at 3 weeks postoperative (433.82 ± 137.572) compared to that of the preoperative CMT (295.98 ± 97.959). From the 22 eyes which showed a progression of diabetic maculopathy, 11 eyes had developed new-onset macular edema following the cataract surgery, 11 eyes had progression of preexisting edema, and 4 of them had to undergo intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections as the treatment.

CONCLUSION:
The chance of progression of DR staging is low after uncomplicated phacoemulsification, on a short term. However, the chances of worsening of macular edema as well as worsening of proliferative stages should be kept in mind while advising a patient for cataract surgery.
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension in Omani adults: A tertiary center experience
Authors: Sabt Buthaina Issa , Al Busaidi Aisha Suleiman , Azeem Sitara , Al Dhabbari Lojain 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
To evaluate the clinical profile, risk factors, and ophthalmic diagnostic and monitoring tools in Omani patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) using optical coherence tomography (OCT).

METHODS:
A retrospective single institutional cohort study on Omani patients with a fulfilled diagnosis of IIH from January 1, 2014, to January 1, 2020, was conducted. The data obtained from the neuro-ophthalmic clinic contained age of onset of the disease, gender of patients, body mass index (BMI), presence of other associated conditions, and medication use.

RESULTS:
Our study group comprised 21 patients with IIH with an annual incidence rate of 2.8 per 100,000 population. Female-to-male ratio was 9.5:1 with a mean age of 27.24 ± 7.1. Headaches appeared to be the most prevalent symptom in 21 (100%) patients, followed by transient obscuration of vision in 9 (42.9%) patients and diplopia in 3 (14.3%) patients, and the least common symptom was pulsatile tinnitus in 2 (9.5%) patients. Increased BMI was seen in 19 (90.5%) patients and noted to be the most prevalent predisposing factor among our study group. The use of oral contraceptive pills was documented in 4 (19%) patients and 1 (4.8%) patient was noted to have polycystic ovary syndrome. All patients (100%) had a best-corrected visual acuity of 1.0 in both eyes pre- and postrecovery and 7 (33.3%) patients had an enlarged blind spot on visual field testing. All patients had papilledema on presentation and an average of 14.1 months to resolve to normal clinically and on OCT monitoring. All patients were treated with medications and only 1 (4.8%) continued to have intractable headaches that did not respond to maximum medical therapy and required surgery.

CONCLUSION:
The incidence of IIH in the Omani population was found to be less than neighboring countries but comparable worldwide. OCT is considered a useful tool to confirm and document papilledema and more importantly monitor recovery.
Sodium fluorescein dye as an adjunct in vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in oculocutaneous albinism
Authors: Kumar Nitin , Bazgain Krinjeela , Singh Simar Rajan , Katoch Deeksha 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A 48-year-old male with oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) presented with bilateral diminution of vision. Ocular examination revealed bilateral central corneal thinning, scarring with ectasia, depigmented irides, transillumination defects, and pseudophakia. Examination of the right eye also revealed a hyperoleon, emulsified silicon oil in the vitreous cavity, and an attached retina, while the left eye had a total rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). This case describes a unique set of challenges (the presence of an ectatic scarred cornea and a hypopigmented fundus) and sodium fluorescein dye as an adjunct in the surgical management of a complex RRD. A review of literature highlighting the association of keratoconus and RRD in OCA is also presented in this report.
Eculizumab in myasthenia gravis: A review
Authors: Zhou Avery , Ho Sabrina , Vickers Aroucha 
Published: February 2024

Abstract:
Eculizumab, a monoclonal antibody against complement C5, is a novel therapy to treat refractory myasthenia gravis (MG). The present review was undertaken to study the role of eculizumab in MG. This includes the drug’s mechanism, pharmacokinetics, clinical trial findings, tolerability, side effects, safety, dosage, administration, and cost. An English-language search for relevant items was undertaken using Embase and PubMed from 1946 to present. Clinical trial registries/databases and websites were also searched for relevant data. Keywords were eculizumab and MG. The present review found 103 articles after initial screening. Current data support eculizumab as an effective, safe, and tolerable drug in cases of refractory MG. However, its cost can prevent it from being widely accessible to a majority of the general population.
KOMPARASI KINERJA BERDASARKAN GENDER
Authors: Wibowo Agung Edy , Rini Rosie Oktavia Puspita , Nasution Muhamad Nur. A. , Supardi Supardi 
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan komparasi kinerja antara tenaga pendidik berjenis kelamin laki-laki dan perempuan di lingkungan kampus, institusi pendidikan. Dengan menggunakan metode analisis data statistik, studi ini mengevaluasi sejumlah variabel yang dapat mempengaruhi kinerja, termasuk pengalaman kerja, beban kerja, dan kemampuan interpersonal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan kinerja yang signifikan antara tenaga pendidik berjenis kelamin laki-laki dengan perempuan di Politeknik Pariwisata Batam. Temuan ini memberikan wawasan penting terkait kesetaraan dan kontribusi yang setara dari tenaga pendidik berbagai jenis kelamin (gender) dalam konteks institusi pendidikan.
Studi ini mendorong pemahaman yang lebih mendalam terhadap faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi kinerja tenaga pendidik di Politeknik Pariwisata Batam, serta menyoroti pentingnya mengakui kontribusi setiap individu tanpa memandang jenis kelamin.Hasil uji menggunakan SPSS. 21 melalui uji independent sample t test, memberikan, kesimpulan penelitian ini mendukung ide bahwa upaya perbaikan dan peningkatan kinerja di lembaga pendidikan harus berfokus pada aspek-aspek tertentu yang bersifat universal, tanpa mengidentifikasi perbedaan signifikan dalam kinerja berdasarkan jenis kelamin. Hipotesis pertama yang diajukan dalam penelitian ini ditolak, dan sebaliknya didapati temuan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan kinerja yang signifikan diantara tenaga pendidik berjenis kelamin pria dan tenaga pendidik berjenis kelamin perempuan. Hipotesis kedua yang diajukan dalam penelitian ini ditolak, dan sebaliknya didapati temuan bahwa tenaga pendidik berjenis kelamin pria secara signifikan tidak memiliki kinerja lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan tenaga pendidik perempuan di Politeknik Pariwisata Batam
Dynamics of Cultural Diversity and Intercultural Communication in the Era of Multiculturalism and Cosmopolitanism in Brazil
Authors: Santos Maria 
Published: February 2024

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate dynamics of cultural diversity and intercultural communication in the era of multiculturalism and cosmopolitanism
Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.
Findings: Brazil showcases a vibrant blend of cultural diversity and cosmopolitanism, where various traditions coexist. While cosmopolitanism fosters openness to global perspectives, social and economic inequalities persist, impacting access to opportunities. Ethnic and racial tensions remain, particularly affecting marginalized communities. In summary, Brazil's multicultural landscape presents a dynamic mix of cultural influences, but challenges related to inequality and cultural identity preservation persist.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Cultural pluralism theory, cosmopolitanism theory & contact theory may be used to anchor future studies on dynamics of cultural diversity and intercultural communication in the era of multiculturalism and cosmopolitanism. Organizations, educational institutions, and community programs should prioritize intercultural competence training. Advocate for multicultural policies that recognize and celebrate cultural diversity within societies.
Changing Patterns of Social Inequality and Stratification in Relation to Migration, Ethnicity, Gender, Class, and Education in South Africa
Authors: Mthembu Sibusiso 
Published: February 2024

Purpose: This paper examines the changing patterns of social inequality and stratification in relation to migration, ethnicity, gender, class, and education
Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.
Findings: Changing patterns of social inequality and stratification are influenced by migration, ethnicity, gender, class, and education. Migration can lead to economic disparities for immigrants, either through improved opportunities or exploitation. Ethnicity remains a significant factor, with ethnic minorities facing discrimination and limited access to resources. Gender inequality persists with disparities in pay and leadership roles, while class-based inequality continues through inheritance and income distribution. Access to quality education plays a vital role in social mobility, but disparities in resources and rising tuition costs can limit opportunities.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Intersectionality theory, Human capital theory & Transnationalism theory may be used to anchor future studies on changing patterns of social inequality and stratification in relation to migration, ethnicity, gender, class, and education. Organizations and institutions should implement diversity and inclusion programs that go beyond tokenism. Develop and implement comprehensive immigration reform policies that address the rights and social integration of migrants.
A CRISE NO SISTEMA PRISIONAL E OS DESAFIOS DA RESSOCIALIZAÇÃO
Authors: Rodriguez Jesus Alves , Torino Luciana Garcia , Sousa Keilor da Silva de 
Published: February 2024

O presente artigo trata-se de um estudo sobre a crise no sistema prisional e os desafios da ressocialização. Por meio de uma revisão de literatura com pesquisa bibliográfica em que se buscam informações em livros, revistas, publicações e demais materiais sobre o assunto. Entre os objetivos está à busca de maiores informações sobre o tema. A situação do sistema prisional brasileiro é caótica e preocupante, devido a superlotação, falta de atendimento básico à saúde, entre outros problemas. Os detentos além de ter sua liberdade privada perdem sua dignidade humana, direito o qual jamais deveria ser violado. A ressocialização não consegue ser alcançada e os altos indicies de reincidência demonstram isso, e isso se dá em grande parte devido ao preconceito por parte da sociedade.
Granite magmatism and mantle filiation
Authors: Pichavant Michel , Villaros Arnaud , Michaud Julie A.-S. , Scaillet Bruno 
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Current granite magma generation models essentially reduce to two groups: (1) intra-crustal melting and (2) basaltic origin. A mixed, crustal, and basaltic origin and therefore a mantle filiation has been proposed for most granite magma types. In contrast, strongly peraluminous silicic magmas such as two-mica leucogranites have been classically interpreted as products of pure crustal melting. In this paper, we re-examine this interpretation and the evidence for considering leucogranites as unique among granite types. In the first part, some key aspects of the intra-crustal melting model are reviewed. Classical assumptions are discussed, such as the use of migmatites to infer granite generation processes. Our knowledge of crustal melt production is still incomplete, and fluid-present H2O-undersaturated melting should be considered in addition to mica dehydration melting reactions. The source rock remains essential as a concept despite difficulties in the identification of source lithologies from their geochemical and mineralogical signatures. Incorporating spatial and temporal variability at the source and the possibility of external inputs (fluids, magmas) would represent useful evolutions of the model. Thermal considerations bring strong constraints on the intra-crustal melting model since the absence of mafic magmas reduces possible external heat sources for melting. In the second part, the origin of a strongly peraluminous silicic volcanic suite, the Macusani Volcanics (SE Peru), is detailed. Magmas were generated in a mid-crustal anatectic zone characterized by high temperatures and heat fluxes. Crustal metamorphic rocks (metapelites) were dominant in the source region, although Ba-, Sr- and La-rich calcic plagioclase cores and some biotite and sanidine compositions point to the involvement of a mantle component. The heat necessary for melting was supplied by mafic mainly potassic–ultrapotassic magmas which also partly mixed and hybridized with the crustal melts. The Macusani Volcanics provide an example of a crustal peraluminous silicic suite generated with a contribution from the mantle in the form of mafic magmas intruded in the source region. This, as well as the limitations of the intra-crustal melting model, establishes that a mantle filiation is possible for peraluminous leucogranites as for most other crustal (S-, I- and A-type) peraluminous and metaluminous granites. This stresses the critical importance of the mantle for granite generation and opens the way for unification of granite generation processes.