bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serotonergic and octopaminergic systems in the squat lobster Munida quadrispina (anomura, galatheidae)
Authors: Antonsen Brian L. , Paul Dorothy H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractImmunocytochemical mapping of serotonergic and octopaminergic neurons in the central nervous system of the squat lobster Munida quadrispina reveal approximately 120 serotonin‐immunoreactive cell bodies (distributed throughout the neuromeres except in abdominal ganglion 5) and 48 octopamine‐immunoreactive cell bodies (in brain and thoracic neuromeres but none in the circumesophageal or abdominal ganglia). Immunopositive neuropils for both amines are distributed in multiple areas in each neuromere and overlap extensively. Serotonergic and octopaminergic neurons have extensive bilateral projections in abdominal ganglia, whereas the majority of projections in thoracic and subesophageal ganglia are unilateral (contralateral to soma). This difference correlates with typical differences between abdominal and thoracic motor system coordination. Processes of immunoreactive cells for both amines form extensive, peripheral, neurosecretory‐like structures. Serotonin seems to be released peripherally in more segments, and from more nerves per segment, than octopamine. M. quadrispina has fewer serotonergic and octopaminergic immunoreactive cells, in particular, fewer segmentally repeated cells, than other species studied to date. Nevertheless, the general organization of the aminergic systems is similar, and several aminergic cells have locations and morphologies that strongly suggest homology with identified aminergic cells in other crustaceans. Among these are segmentally repeated neurons that, in M. quadrispina, form serotonin‐immunopositive tubular structures in the thoracic hemiganglia innervating pereiopods 1–3 that are unlike anything reported previously for any species. Comparisons of immunocytochemical maps within one species and between species exhibiting different behaviors provide insights into possible sites of action, functional differences between, and evolution of biogenic aminergic systems. J. Comp. Neurol. 439:450–468, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of the visual pathway is disrupted in mice with a targeted disruption of the calcium channel β3‐subunit gene
Authors: Cork R. John , Namkung Yoon , Shin Hee‐Sup , Mize R. Ranney 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRefinement of the retinal pathways to the superior colliculus (SC) and dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) is mediated by nitric oxide (NO). Long‐term depression (LTD) can also be induced in SC and LGN during the time at which these pathways are refined, and this LTD is partially dependent on NO and L‐type Ca2+ channel function. In an effort to determine whether NO‐mediated pathway refinement is also mediated by Ca2+ channel function, we have examined the refinement of the retinocollicular and retinogeniculate pathways in mice which lack the gene for the Ca2+ channel β3 subunit (CCKO) and which have significantly reduced L‐type Ca2+ currents. Injections of the anterograde tracer cholera toxin subunit B/HRP were made into one eye of these knockout animals and in wild‐type mice ages postnatal day (P) 13, P19, and P26. After 48 hours, mice were perfused and sections processed by using tetramethylbenzidine histochemistry. Labeling distribution in some animals was analyzed quantitatively. Obvious differences in the distribution of the ipsilateral retinocollicular pathway were observed at P15, with the pathway being more exuberant in CCKO mice. This difference was statistically significant. More subtle differences were seen at P21 and P28. Obvious differences were also seen in the contralateral retinogeniculate pathway which in CCKO mice filled most of the domain normally occupied by ipsilateral eye fibers. This difference was also statistically significant. We conclude that reduction in L‐type Ca2+ currents has an effect on axonal refinement similar to that which occurs in NO knockout mice, which supports the possibility that L‐type Ca2+ channel‐dependent LTD mediates NO‐dependent axonal refinement. J. Comp. Neurol. 440:177–191, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Color formulation by fiber blending using the Stearns–Noechel model
Authors: Philips‐Invernizzi B. , Dupont D. , Jolly‐Desodt A.‐M. , Cazé C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBlending colored fibers consists of combing fibers together many times in order to obtain a homogeneous color by intimate mixing. If a reflectance curve is to be reproduced, the required proportions of colored fibers are evaluated by trial and error. Two formulas have been introduced to model such a means of blending. This article deals with the first one, published by Stearns and Noechel in 1944, and is limited to cotton fibers and bichromatic blends. The Stearns–Noechel formula is used either in its classical form or in various modified forms. Modifications relate to the constant defined by Stearns and Noechel being thought of as varying with blended (target) color, blending colors (components), or wavelength. Statistical analysis has revealed that a new use of the 1944 formula is possible provided the constant is made linearly dependent on wavelength. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 27, 100–107, 2002; DOI 10.1002/col.10028
Abnormal cervicovaginal smears due to endometriosis: A continuing problem
Authors: Lundeen Sarah J. , Horwitz Charles A. , Larson Carol J. , Stanley Michael W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEndometriosis may be challenging when identified on cervicovaginal smears (CVS), leading to an incorrect interpretation of high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), or atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance (AGUS) including adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS). Awareness of cervical endometriosis, particularly in predisposed patients, is crucial for a correct diagnosis. While cervical endometriosis has been reported to be a diagnostic pitfall of glandular abnormalities, its characteristic features are still not well‐established. This may partially be attributed to the varied cytomorphologic features endometriosis shows, depending on menstrual cycle hormonal changes. We describe our experience with three examples where CVS were interpreted as either AGUS or HSIL, which led to a hysterectomy in 2 of 3 patients. Cervical endometriosis needs to be considered with other well‐known benign conditions that mimic glandular abnormalities, including cervicitis, tubal metaplasia, lower uterine segment sampling, and microglandular hyperplasia. Published series and our own experience lead us to suggest that these smears will continue to present diagnostic difficulties. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;26:35–40. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of a primary ectopic meningioma
Authors: Hameed Arif , Gokden Murat , Hanna Ehab Y. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMeningiomas are benign tumors derived from arachnoid cells. Most commonly an intracranial lesion, meningiomas may be found extracranially in various anatomic sites. A 23‐yr‐old white female presented with left‐sided palpable mass located submucosally in the floor of the mouth. CT scan revealed no evidence of mass elsewhere in the head and neck region. Fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) showed loose and cohesive cellular fragments with lobular growth pattern and uniform round or ovoid cells. The diagnosis of low‐grade salivary gland neoplasm, not further classified, was made. The tumor was locally excised. The differential diagnoses of an extracranial meningioma and pleomorphic adenoma were discussed at the frozen section. Based on light microscopic, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic (EM) findings, the final diagnosis of an ectopic meningioma was rendered. Ectopic meningiomas may pose a diagnostic challenge to clinicians and cytopathologists. It is easily forgotten in the list of differential diagnosis at an ectopic site. Primary ectopic meningioma in a region containing salivary gland(s) may mimic benign and low‐grade malignant salivary gland tumors in FNAC. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;26:297–300. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Utility of fine‐needle aspiration cytology in the classification of leprosy
Authors: Rao I. Satish , Singh M.K. , Gupta S. Datta , Pandhi R.K. , Kapila Kusum 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe role of fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the diagnosis of benign skin lesions has been restricted primarily to the evaluation of bacteriologic and morphologic indices in leprosy. This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of FNAC in the diagnosis and classification of lepromatous lesions. Aspirates of 94 newly diagnosed cases of leprosy were studied, and the bacterial load was determined by modified Ziehl‐Neelsen (ZN) stain. A skin biopsy was taken from the same site at the same sitting. Frozen and paraffin sections stained with hematoxylin‐eosin (H&E) and ZN stains were examined from the biopsy specimen. In 61 of 94 cases (64.9%), the aspirates were satisfactory. Both diagnosis and classification of leprosy were possible in 40 of these 61 cases; the rest of the aspirates showed nonspecific chronic inflammation. The 39 cases of leprosy where a biopsy was available from the same site were classified on FNAC into tuberculoid (TT and BT), lepromatous (LL and BL), and midborderline (BB) subtypes. Taking the histologic diagnosis and Ridley‐Jopling classification to be the gold standard, a strong concordance in tuberculoid leprosy cases (18 of 20 cases, 90%) and in lepromatous cases (15 of 16 cases, 93.7%) was observed. Midborderline cases of leprosy posed a problem, and a correct cytohistological correlation was observed in only one of the three cases. Diagn. Cytopathol. 24:317–321, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The importance of rapid auditory processing abilities to early language development: Evidence from converging methodologies
Authors: Benasich April A. , Thomas Jennifer J. , Choudhury Naseem , Leppänen Paavo H. T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe ability to process two or more rapidly presented, successive, auditory stimuli is believed to underlie successful language acquisition. Likewise, deficits in rapid auditory processing of both verbal and nonverbal stimuli are characteristic of individuals with developmental language disorders such as Specific Language Impairment. Auditory processing abilities are well developed in infancy, and thus such deficits should be detectable in infants. In the studies presented here, converging methodologies are used to examine such abilities in infants with and without a family history of language disorder. Behavioral measures, including assessments of infant information processing, and an EEG/event‐related potential (ERP) paradigm are used concurrently. Results suggest that rapid auditory processing skills differ as a function of family history and are predictive of later language outcome. Further, these paradigms may prove to be sensitive tools for identifying children with poor processing skills in infancy and thus at a higher risk for developing a language disorder. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 40: 278–292, 2002 DOI 10.1002/dev.10032
Developmental changes in responsivity to threat are stimulus‐specific in rats
Authors: Wiedenmayer Christoph P. , Barr Gordon A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDuring early ontogeny, stimuli that pose a threat to an animal change. Unrelated adult male rats may kill young rats, but infanticide ends around weaning. Predation, on the other hand, may increase during early ontogeny when rats begin to extend their activity range. We investigated the developmental course of two defensive responses, immobility and analgesia, in young rats exposed to an adult male rat or to predator cues. Preweaning 14‐day‐old rats became immobile and analgesic when exposed to the male and showed immobility but not analgesia when exposed to cat odor. On Day 26, around weaning, the presence of the male rat no longer induced immobility and analgesia whereas cat odor produced higher levels of immobility and analgesia compared to control and male‐exposed animals. This developmental change in responsivity may reflect the differences in the risk of being harmed by a male or a cat during different periods of ontogeny. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 39: 1–7, 2001
Cloning and expression of three zebrafish roundabout homologs suggest roles in axon guidance and cell migration
Authors: Lee Jeong‐Soo , Ray Russell , Chien Chi‐Bin 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe report the cloning and expression patterns of three novel zebrafish Roundabout homologs. The Roundabout (robo) gene encodes a transmembrane receptor that is essential for axon guidance in Drosophila and Robo family members have been implicated in cell migration. Analysis of extracellular domains and conserved cytoplasmic motifs shows that zebrafish Robo1 and Robo2 are orthologs of mammalian Robo1 and Robo2, respectively, while zebrafish Robo3 is likely to be an ortholog of mouse Rig‐1. The three zebrafish robos are expressed in distinct but overlapping patterns during embryogenesis. They are highly expressed in the developing nervous system, including the olfactory system, visual system, hindbrain, cranial ganglia, spinal cord, and posterior lateral line primordium. They are also expressed in several nonneuronal tissues, including somites and fin buds. The timing and patterns of expression suggest roles for zebrafish robos in axon guidance and cell migration. Wiley‐Liss, Inc. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
LI‐cadherin gene expression during mouse intestinal development
Authors: Angres Brigitte , Kim Lana , Jung René , Gessner Reinhard , Tauber Rudolf 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLI‐cadherin (Liver‐Intestine cadherin) is a member of a subclass (7‐D cadherins) within the cadherin superfamily. Although its cellular function as a cell–cell adhesion molecule has been demonstrated in cell culture studies, its physiological function still needs to be explored in the intact organism. After isolating the cDNA for mouse LI‐cadherin, we generated specific antibodies against the overexpressed protein and studied its expression pattern in adult mouse tissues and mouse embryos. The mouse LI‐cadherin sequence is 91% identical to the sequence of rat LI‐cadherin and exhibits the same structural features described for rat LI‐cadherin. In mouse adult tissue, LI‐cadherin is expressed in the intestine and in small amounts in the spleen. In contrast to rat, Mouse LI‐cadherin was not expressed in liver. During mouse embryogenesis, LI‐cadherin expression begins at embryonic day 12.5. With the exception of transient expression in the urogenital sinus and the common bile duct on day 13.5, LI‐cadherin was found exclusively in the intestinal epithelium. Its expression coincides with the formation of intestinal villi, a developmental stage that includes major tissue remodeling, growth, and differentiation. LI‐cadherin is expressed along the entire anterior–posterior axis of the developing intestine as well as along the entire villus axis once villi begin to form. LI‐cadherin occupies all cell surfaces of the deeper layers of the epithelium, distributing to basolateral surfaces only in the cells of the outer epithelial layer. LI‐cadherin was found to be always co‐expressed with E‐cadherin. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
zic Gene expression marks anteroposterior pattern in the presumptive neurectoderm of the zebrafish gastrula
Authors: Grinblat Yevgenya , Sive Hazel 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAnteroposterior (A/P) patterning of the vertebrate neurectoderm begins early during development. In vitro explant assays have been used to show that an A/P subdivision of the zebrafish neurectoderm is in place by early gastrulation. However, no direct markers of this subdivision had been described. We report isolation of two members of the zic gene family, zic2 and zic3, which mark distinct regions in the developing nervous system. zic3 is expressed in early gastrula embryos in a posterior domain, directly demonstrating that A/P pattern is present in the future neurectoderm by this stage. Analysis of mutants in genes encoding bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) shows that dorsal restriction of zic3 expression requires intact BMP function, and that posterior restriction of zic3 expression is regulated independently of BMP signaling. These data show an early subdivision of the A/P axis in the presumptive neurectoderm. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Zebrafish admp is required to restrict the size of the organizer and to promote posterior and ventral development
Authors: Lele Zsolt , Nowak Matthias , Hammerschmidt Matthias 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBone morphogenetic proteins (Bmps) and their roles during early dorsoventral patterning of the vertebrate embryo are well understood. The role and regulation of a more distant member of this family, the anti‐dorsalizing morphogenetic protein (Admp), however, are less clear. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of zebrafish admp. Unlike other bmps, admp is exclusively expressed on the dorsal side. Expression starts at blastula stages in the region of the organizer, giving rise to anterior neuroectoderm and axial mesoderm. During the course of gastrulation, both the neuroectodermal and the mesodermal admp transcripts vanish in an anterior‐posterior wave. The maintenance of admp expression is positively influenced by Nodal signaling and by Bozozok (Boz), an organizer‐promoting homeodomain protein acting as a repressor of early bmp2b expression. Despite the positive effect of boz on admp expression, Boz and Admp have rather opposite effects on zebrafish patterning, as revealed in gain‐ and loss‐of‐function experiments. Upon overexpression, admp has Bmp‐like activities causing a smaller organizer and enhanced ventral specification, very similar to the phenotype caused by the loss of boz function in mutant embryos. Antisense‐based admp knockdown, on the other side, leads to an enlarged organizer and impaired ventral and posterior development, as observed in embryos after boz overexpression. This finding indicates that admp is required for the development of embryonic structures normally suppressed by organizer activities. The seeming discrepancy between the regulative and functional relationship of boz and admp is discussed, and models are proposed according to which Admp might be part of a negative feedback loop to pattern and confine the organizer region. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Total energy expenditure as measured by doubly‐labeled water in outpatients with bulimia nervosa
Authors: Kotler Lisa A. , Devlin Michael J. , Matthews Dwight E. , Walsh B. Timothy 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveThis study measured total energy expenditure (TEE) in symptomatic outpatient women with bulimia nervosa and normal controls. The study aimed to test the conceptual model of bulimia nervosa as an illness characterized by a physiological state of starvation, despite normal weight.MethodTotal fat and fat‐free mass were measured using hydrodensitometry and total energy expenditure was assessed via the doubly‐labeled water method, in nine normal weight outpatient females with DSM‐III‐R bulimia nervosa and ten healthy female controls.ResultsPatients and controls were similar in age, body mass index, weight, lean body mass, and levels of exercise and general activity. Patients had an average baseline binge frequency of 14.7 episodes per week and purge frequency of 16.8 times per week, and had been ill for an average of 11.9 years. Group mean TEE did not differ between patients and controls (patients 2380 ± 482 kcal/day, controls 2368 ± 515 kcal day). Observed TEE in the bulimic subjects did not differ significantly from TEE predicted on the basis of data from the controls.DiscussionThis finding of normal TEE in symptomatic outpatients with bulimia nervosa is consistent with a previous study that found no difference in TEE in a sample of symptomatic inpatients with bulimia nervosa. These data suggest that the energy conserving metabolic adaptations characteristic of semi‐starvation do not occur in patients with bulimia nervosa. © 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 29: 470–476, 2001.
Neuroticism and conscientiousness as predictors of emotional, external, and restrained eating behaviors
Authors: Heaven Patrick C.L. , Mulligan Kathryn , Merrilees Robyn , Woods Teneille , Fairooz Yasmeen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveWe investigated the extent to which different forms of eating behavior as assessed by the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire are related to facets of the Big Five personality domains.MethodRespondents were 167 psychology students (126 females and 41 males) who volunteered for the study.ResultsBody mass index (BMI) and gender had significant main effects on eating behaviors. These results were moderated by a significant BMI × Gender interaction on emotional eating. Eating behaviors were significantly related to the personality facets associated with Neuroticism and Conscientiousness.DiscussionThe results are discussed with reference to previous research on eating behaviors and the nature of Neuroticism and Conscientiousness. © 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 30: 161–166, 2001.
Analysis of temperature distributions generated by square array applicator composed of coaxial‐slot antennas for hyperthermia
Authors: Saito Kazuyuki , Nakayama Osamu , Hamada Lira , Ito Koichi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHyperthermia is a cancer treatment that seeks to destroy cancer cells by heating. The authors have carried out analysis of coaxial‐slot antennas as a hyperthermia heating device that uses microwaves. For characteristic evaluations of the hyperthermia heating device, the SAR (Specific Absorption Rate) as a value proportional to the square of the electric field near the antenna has been used widely. However, since hyperthermia seeks to heat cancer cells, it is desirable to know the temperature distributions inside actual biological bodies. In this paper, by means of the FDTD method, the SAR distribution around a coaxial‐slot antenna in a biological body is computed. By solving the biological thermal transport equation with the SAR distribution as the heating source, the temperature distributions inside the biological body are computed. It is found that a hot spot can be generated due to the low thermal conductivity of the fat layer even if the coaxial‐slot antenna used is an insertion‐type antenna. As an application of this simulation, the temperature distributions are studied when the feed power of the antenna is on–off controlled. It is found that the uniformity of the temperature distribution inside the body is improved and the hot spot in the fat layer can be reduced. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 84(11): 20–29, 2001