bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epithelial Cell Proliferation in Nasal Polyps Could Be Up‐Regulated by Platelet‐Derived Growth Factor
Authors: Coste André , Wang Qiu‐Ping , Roudot‐Thoraval Françoise , Chapelin Catherine , Bedbeder Philippe , Poron Françoise , Peynègre Roger , Escudier Estelle 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe modifications of epithelial differentiation and proliferation observed in nasal polyps (NP) could be related to local secretion of growth factors, among which platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) could play a key role. We therefore prospectively studied, by immunohistochemistry, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA, an S‐phase cell marker), PDGF, and CD‐68 (activated macrophages marker) expression in NP and inferior turbinate mucosa (NM) in 11 patients. Our data show that PCNA and PDGF expression are increased in NP epithelium, while CD‐68 expression is increased in NP epithelium and lamina propria when compared to NM. Increased local PDGF secretion by numerous activated macrophages could therefore be involved in epithelial cell proliferation up‐regulation in NP. PDGF could also be involved in the pathogenesis of NP via its connective tissue remodeling actions.Laryngoscope, 106:578‐583, 1996
An Application of Telemedicine Technology for Otorhinolaryngology Diagnosis
Authors: Crump William J. , Driscoll Brian 
Published: November 2003

AbstractApplications of interactive video communications for providing remote telemedicine consultations are under study. Most of these applications use “off the shelf” medical peripheral devices that are not specifically designed for telemedicine examinations.This study reports a field trial of the telemedicine instrument pack (TIP), a small self‐contained unit under development by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration for use in spaceflight. Patients with otorhinolaryngology problems were selected from a primary care practice and examined with the TIP by a technician under the direction of a remote consultant. The equipment proved adequate for examination of the posterior nose, hypopharynx, and larynx. Examinations of the ear and oropharynx with the TIP were not optimal, suggesting a need for further modifications of this prototype unit.Laryngoscope, 106:595‐598, 1996
Early Otitis Media and Phonological Development at Age 2 Years
Authors: Abraham Suzanne S. , Wallace Ina F. , Gravel Judith S. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe effect of early otitis media on phonology and articulation in the presence of expressive language delay was investigated in 16 2‐year‐olds followed prospectively from birth. Eight of the children were designated otitis‐positive and 8 were considered otitis‐negative as determined by bilateral pneumatic otoscopy outcomes during year 1 of life. The groups differed significantly on measures of expressive, not receptive, language development. All members of the otitis‐positive group were expressive language delayed. Phonological analyses were completed on spoken language samples elicited from each child at age 24 months. Results showed similar developmental tendencies in speech sound acquisition between the groups, but the otitis‐positive group had established significantly fewer initial consonant phones and produced them less accurately than the otitis‐negative subject group. The otitis‐positive group acquired significantly fewer consonants with back place of articulation. Similar phonological error patterns of deletion and phoneme class deficiency were used by the groups, but the otitis‐positive group used the error patterns more frequently. Findings here lend support to the otitis media effect as one of interaction among risk factors.
Extracorporeal Electromagnetic Shock‐Wave Lithotripsy for Salivary Gland Stones
Authors: Ottaviani Francesco , Capaccio Pasquale , Campi Michela , Ottaviani Antonio 
Published: November 2003

AbstractSialoadenectomy for sialolithiasis is necessary when the stone cannot be removed through the salivary duct. In addition, extracorporeal shock‐wave lithotripsy has recently become available for this purpose. The safety and efficacy of this method was assessed in 52 outpatients bearing stones with an average diameter of 6.76 mm in the submandibular or parotid gland. Anesthetics, sedatives, and analgesics were not required. Twenty‐four of the 36 patients with submandibular gland calculi and all 16 with parotid sialolithiasis had complete stone disintegration or fragmentation of the calculi, with possible spontaneous clearance. Untoward effects were observed in 15 patients, namely localized skin petecchiae, transitory swelling of the gland, and self‐limiting bleeding from the duct. No persistent damage of the salivary glands or adjacent structures was noted during a mean follow‐up period of 10 months.
Diltiazem Does Not Protect the Ear From Noise‐Induced Hearing Loss in Mongolian Gerbils
Authors: Boettcher Flint A. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractRecent data suggest that diltiazem reduces noise‐induced hearing loss. Our study was designed to replicate and extend the results of Maurer et al. by using the gerbil as a model. In experiment A, subjects received diltiazem (30 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally) or saline for 3 days. After peripheral thresholds were measured, each subject was exposed to a 4‐kHz tone (90‐dB sound pressure level) for 20 minutes. Similar amounts of temporary threshold shifts (TTS) were measured in the saline and diltiazem groups. In experiment B, subjects were given saline or diltiazem (30 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally) for 3 days and then exposed to an octave band of noise centered at 4 kHz for 5 days, during which time the subjects continued to receive the drug or saline. The TTS and permanent threshold shifts were similar in the two groups. Measures of cochlear nonlinearities also showed no effect of diltiazem, suggesting that diltiazem does not protect the ear from the effects of noise.
Association of Mitochondrial DNA Deletions and Cochlear Pathology: A Molecular Biologic Tool
Authors: Seidman Michael D. , Bai Uma , Khan Mumtaz J. , Murphy Michael P. , Quirk Wayne S. , Castora Frank J. , Hinojosa Raul 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe purpose of these experiments was to develop a method of isolation, amplification, and identification of cochlear mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from minute quantities of tissue. Additionally, studies were designed to detect mtDNA deletions (mtDNA del) from the cochlea that previously have been amplified from other organ systems and tissues. MtDNA del have been associated with many pathologies, including neurological disorders, sensorineural hearing loss, ischemia, cardiomyopathies, and aging.DNA was extracted from rat and human tissues, and polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify mtDNA sequences. A 360 base pair (bp) cytochrome‐b gene product and the highly conserved ND1‐16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid regions found only in mtDNA were amplified from all tissues. Preliminary studies have identified a 4834 bp mtDNA del in aged rats and a corresponding 4977 bp mtDNA del in aged humans. Additionally, preliminary results in human archival temporal bone studies reveal the presence of the 4977‐bp mtDNA deletion in two out of three patients with presbycusis. The deletion was not evident in age‐matched control patients without a history of presbycusis. This technique of mtDNA identification makes it possible to investigate specific mtDNA defects from a single cochlea, promoting the study of hereditary hearing loss and presbycusis at a molecular biologic level.
Acoustic Reflexes, Auditory Brainstem Response, and MRI in the Evaluation of Acoustic Neuromas
Authors: Burkey John M. , Rizer Franklin M. , Schuring Arnold G. , Fucci Michael J. , Lippy William H. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractPatient records were reviewed to determine whether persons with absent acoustic reflexes have a higher incidence of abnormal auditory brainstem response (ABR) results in the absence of a cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumor than those with normal acoustic reflexes. Results showed patients with absent reflexes to have borderline or abnormal ABR results in 45.2% of the cases. Patients with normal reflexes had borderline or abnormal ABR results in 14.2% of the cases. Results indicate that magnetic resonance imaging is a more appropriate test for patients with absent reflexes, since ABR was often nondiagnostic for a CPA tumor in this group.Laryngoscope, 106:839‐841, 1996
Postoperative Irradiation of Patients with Malignant Tumors of the Skull Base
Authors: Paulino Arnold C. , Marks James E. , Leonetti John P. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractTo better understand how to irradiate patients after skull‐base surgery, the authors of this study analyzed the tumor recurrence patterns in 22 patients with various malignancies. Of these patients, 13 underwent craniofacial resection, 6 had infratemporal fossa resection, and 3 had temporal bone resection. The entire operative field was irradiated in 8 patients (total‐field group), and part of the operative field was irradiated in 14 patients(partial‐field group).Tumor regrew within the irradiated area in 25% of the total‐field group and 14% of the partial‐field group. Tumor appeared outside the operative field in 13% of the total‐field group and 57% of the partial‐field group. Recurrences appeared in contiguous sites in 5 patients, in the unirradiated scar in 5 patients, and in the lymph nodes in 4 patients. Based on the study findings, the authors state that irradiation of the entire operative field, including scars and potential areas of contiguous spread, may be necessary to maximize local control after skull‐base surgery.laryngoscope, 106:880‐883, 1996
Endoscopic Staple‐Assisted Esophagodiverticulostomy for Zenker's Diverticulum
Authors: Scher Richard L. , Richtsmeier William J. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractWe have used a new technique, endoscopic staple‐assisted esophagodiverticulostomy (ESED), for the treatment of Zenker's diverticulum. This technique is a modification of the endoscopic approach first described by Mosher1 in 1917 and popularized by Dohlman and Mattsson2 in which the common wall between the esophagus and diverticulum was divided without mucosal closure. ESED differs in that an endosurgical stapler is used to create an esophagodiverticulostomy by dividing the common wall between the esophagus and diverticulum, with the mucosal and muscular edges sealed by the staples. We have performed this procedure in six patients, with no perioperative morbidity in any patient. All patients resumed oral intake on either the first or second postoperative day, with no evidence of fistula formation or mediastinitis. Hospital stay has averaged 2 days (range, 1 to 3 days). Patient follow‐up after ESED averages 6 months and is available for five of the six patients treated. There has been complete resolution of pretreatment symptoms in these five patients, with resumption of regular diet between postoperative day 3 and day 14 (average, day 9). Our results demonstrate that ESED is a safe and effective treatment for Zenker's diverticulum. This endoscopic approach offers a number of advantages over previously used treatments for Zenker's diverticulum, including reduced morbidity, rapid convalescence, short hospitalization, brief operative time, and predictable resolution of symptoms.
Endoscopic Sinus Surgery With Partial Middle Turbinate Resection: Effects on Olfaction
Authors: Friedman Michael , Caldarelli David D. , Venkatesan T.K. , Pandit Rajiv , Lee Young 
Published: November 2003

AbstractFew studies have investigated the effects of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) on olfaction. In particular, the effect of surgical manipulation of the middle turbinate on olfaction has not been established. Using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) and patient questionnaires, the authors performed a prospective study of olfaction in 64 patients undergoing ESS. Thirty‐eight patients (59%) underwent partial middle turbinate resection; in the remaining 26 patients (41%), the middle turbinate was preserved. All patients were reevaluated approximately 8 weeks after surgery by endoscopic examination, questionnaire, and the UPSIT. Patients who underwent no resection had a median decrease in UPSIT score of 1.4, and those who underwent resection had a median decrease of 0.5; this difference was not statistically significant. Further, no correlation was found between changes in UPSIT score and follow‐up time, sex of the patient, or the patient's subjective assessment of postoperative olfaction. It is concluded that middle turbinate resection has no effect on olfaction.
Regional Spread of Auricular and Periauricular Cutaneous Malignancies
Authors: Lee Dennis , Nash Michael , Har‐El Gady 
Published: November 2003

AbstractOver 90% of all cutaneous malignancies occur in the head and neck. Malignancies involving the external auditory meatus, auricle, and periauricular region are notoriously difficult to control. The morbidity and mortality associated with extension of these malignancies underscore the importance of complete initial removal.We present 14 patients who underwent excision of periauricular lesions. All lesions were less than 2 cm in diameter and previously excised with negative margins. These patients were subsequently referred for regional disease. Twenty‐nine percent of the patients failed definitive surgical therapy. We examine the indications for regional lymphadenectomy in the treatment of auricular and periauricular cutaneous malignancies.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage in the Management of CSF Leak Following Acoustic Neuroma Surgery
Authors: Fishman Andrew J. , Hoffman Ronald A. , Roland J. Thomas , Lebowitz Richard A. , Cohen Noel L. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractA retrospective analysis was performed on 174 patients operated on from 1992 to 1995 to evaluate the safety and efficacy of continuous lumbar cerebrospinal fluid drainage (CLCFD) in the management of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks following acoustic neuroma surgery. There was a 17% incidence of CSF leak. CLCFD stopped the leak in 87% of cases. There were no cases of meningitis associated with CLCFD. One deep vein thrombosis was treated without sequelae. It is concluded that CLCFD is safe and efficacious. The authors recommend that CLCFD be implemented immediately when indicated, foregoing a trial of conservative therapy. Indications and precautions are discussed.
Patterns of Sinusitis in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Gentile Victor G. , Isaacson Glenn 
Published: November 2003

AbstractIt has been pediatric dogma that most children with cystic fibrosis (CF) have pansinusitis and few are symptomatic. To reassess this premise, we compared symptoms, clinical examinations, radiographic and surgical findings, and results of treatment in 19 children with cystic fibrosis who had undergone computed tomography at St. Christopher's Hospital (Philadelphia) from 1991 to 1994. We found two distinct patterns of sinus disease: chronic sinusitis (n = 3) and polyposis (n = 12). Two of the patients with polyposis had ethmoid mucoceles and 1 child had no sinus disease at all. Children with chronic sinusitis had headache as a major complaint, while those with polyposis suffered nasal obstruction alone unless a mucocele was present. Surgery provided marked and lasting improvement in the 14 patients who were operated on.
Inflammation in the Uvula Mucosa of Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Sekosan Marin , Zakkar Mohamed , Wenig Barry L. , Olopade Christopher O. , Rubinstein Israel 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThis study was conducted to determine whether inflammation is present in the uvula mucosa of patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Uvulas were obtained by uvulopalatopharyngoplasty in 21 patients with moderate OSA (mean apnea/hypopnea index and standard error of the mean: 32±4) and by autopsy in 5 individuals not known to have OSA.Using point counting in five randomly selected high‐power microscopic fields (×100), the authors found that the number of leukocytes in the lamina propria of the uvula mucosa was significantly higher in patients with OSA than in the controls (179±12 cells vs. 71±4 cells, respectively;P<.05). This was due to a significant increase in the number of plasma cells in patients with OSA as compared with controls (89±15 cells vs. 21±5 cells, respectively; P<.05). The thickness of the lamina propria (an index of interstitial edema) was also significantly increased in patients with OSA compared with controls (0.99±0.12 mm vs. 0.27±0.02 mm, respectively; P<0.05).The authors conclude that inflammation, characterized by plasma cell infiltration and interstitial edema, is present in the uvula mucosa of patients with moderate OSA. They also suggest that soft palate inflammation contributes to upper airway occlusion observed during sleep in these patients.
Supracricoid Laryngectomy With Cricohyoidopexy (CHP) in the Treatment of Laryngeal Cancer: A Functional and Oncologic Experience
Authors: de Vincentiis Marco , Minni Antonio , Gallo Andrea 
Published: November 2003

AbstractSubtotal laryngectomy with cricohyoidopexy (CHP) results in a satisfactory cure rate in selected T1b, T2, and T3 supraglottic and glottic cancers. The clinical, oncologic, and functional results of this type of surgery have led to an ever‐increasing number of patients undergoing this procedure. This study involved 70 patients operated on from 1984 to 1993 using this surgical procedure. This report also discusses the clinical (cTNM) and pathologic (pTNM) classifications of CHP cases. Fifty‐two of these patients were evaluated after a follow‐up of more than 3 years. Lymph node treatment protocol comprised 51 functional ipsilateral neck dissections (FNDs), 9 bilateral FNDs, 1 radical ipsilateral dissection, and 1 radical ipsilateral and contralateral FND. There were 6 recurrences (5 local, 1 neck); after CHP physiologic deglutition was recovered in most of the patients (95.5%), and all but 6 (92%) were decannulated. Results were excellent after phoniatric rehabilitation. This surgical procedure may be indicated for selected laryngeal cancers and allows for the preservation of laryngeal functions even when the neoplastic lesions are advanced. However, care must be taken when evaluating the infiltration of the paraglottic space, as that infiltration represents the main cause of failure in this type of surgery.
Endoscopic Repair of Cerebrospinal Fluid Fistulae and Encephaloceles
Authors: Lanza Donald C. , O'Brien Douglas A. , Kennedy David W. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe authors review their experience with endoscopic repair of skull base defects associated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea and/or encephaloceles involving the paranasal sinuses. Between January 1991 and December 1995, 51 patients were evaluated for anterior and middle cranial fossa defects at a tertiary care facility. Of these patients, 36 underwent endoscopic repair of skull base defects.Factors related to surgical success were analyzed. These factors included etiology, defect location, number of prior attempts at repair, type of graft(s) used, fluorescein use, complications, durations of lumbar drain placement, and duration of CSF leakage prior to repair. During the first attempt, successful endoscopic repair was accomplished in 34 (94.4%) of the 36 patients. The mean duration of follow‐up was 24.6 months, with a range of 2 to 57 months. The authors conclude that an endoscopic approach provides a safe and effective means for repairing many skull base defects.
Syndromal Vertigo Identified by Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Angiography
Authors: Welsh Louis W. , Welsh John J. , Jaffe Stephen C. , Healy Michael P. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe advent of magnetic resonance imaging and angiography has clarified the location and vascular basis for vertigo of a syndromal type. The composite presentation of a vestibular symptom with evidence of cranial nerve or cerebellar dysfunction suggests a lesion within the pons, medulla, or cerebellum. The location may be exactly defined by noninvasive techniques and appropriate therapy can be initiated. Clinical examples are presented; the syndromes of vertebrobasilar artery perfusion disorder are described, and appropriate images are illustrated for confirmation.
Potential Success of Near‐Total Laryngectomy Despite Postoperative Radiation Therapy
Authors: Terris David J. , Fee Willard E. , Goffinet Donald R. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractAdvanced laryngeal cancers frequently require total laryngectomy (TL). Some of these cancers, however, are suitable for near‐total laryngectomy (NTL). We review our experience with NTL over a 14‐year period and compare the functional results with those obtained over the same period using TL followed by tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP). One particular interest was the results achieved when surgery was preceded or followed by radiation therapy.From January 1980 through December 1994, 22 patients underwent NTL. The mean age of the 19 men (86.4%) and 3 women (13.6%) was 61.1 ± 9.9 years. Follow‐up ranged from 4 to 109 months, with a mean of 26.5 months. The local control rate was 90.9% (i.e., 20 of the 22 patients). Over the same time period, 11 TEPs were performed in 7 men (63.6%) and 4 women (36.4%) who had a mean age of 60.4 ± 7.2 years.Compared with the TEP group, the patients in the NTL group had higher mean scores for swallowing, aspiration, and voice quality evaluations, although the differences were not statistically significant. Notably, 21 of 22 patients (95.5%) received preoperative or postoperative radiotherapy. Complications in the NTL group included aspiration, dilated shunt appendix, and inadequate tracheopharyngeal shunt function.Slight modifications of the NTL technique, including routine entrance into the vallecula in uninvolved larynges, the use of contralateral pyriform mucosa flaps, and the performance of an H‐flap tracheostomy are described. The NTL is a sound on‐cologic procedure for tumors causing vocal cord fixation, and it can be successful even when post‐operative radiotherapy is administered. The quality of speech, the ease of swallowing, and the incidence of aspiration are similar to those in patients who have had a TEP following TL.
Swallowing Disorders in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Treated With Radiotherapy and Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Lazarus Cathy L. , Logemann Jeri A. , Pauloski Barbara Roa , Colangelo Laura A. , Kahrilas Peter J. , Mittal Bharat B. , Pierce Margaret 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe nature of swallowing problems was examined in nine patients treated primarily with external‐beam radiation and adjuvant chemotherapy for newly diagnosed tumors of the head and neck. All subjects underwent videofluorographic examination of their swallowing. Three analyses were completed, including the following: observations of motility disorders, residue, and aspiration; temporal analyses; and biomechanical analyses. Oropharyngeal swallow efficiency was calculated for the first swallow of each bolus.Swallow motility disorders were observed in both the oral and pharyngeal stages. Seven of the nine patients demonstrated reduced posterior tongue base movement toward the posterior pharyngeal wall and reduced laryngeal elevation during the swallow. Oropharyngeal swallow efficiency measures were significantly lower in the nine irradiated patients than in age‐matched normal subjects. Between patients and normal subjects, significant differences were found in the measures of timing and distance of pharyngeal structural movements during the swallow, as well as in the measures of coordination during the swallow.Although treatment of head and neck cancer with external‐beam radiation is designed to provide cancer cure and preserve organ functioning, oral and pharyngeal motility for swallow can become compromised if external‐beam radiation treatment is provided to either the larynx or tongue base regions.