bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perspectives, experiences, and concerns with cyclical vomiting syndrome: Insights from online targeted‐disease forums
Authors: Khalil Carine , Almario Christopher V. , Dupuy Taylor , Arnold Corey , Chen Yaozhu J. , Spiegel Brennan M. R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionThere is limited research examining the biopsychosocial impact of cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) on patients. This study aims to assess individuals' experiences, fears, and concerns associated with CVS and the impact of CVS on their daily lives.MethodsWe employed social netnography to analyze publicly available posts related to CVS that were identified from six US online forums and Twitter. A randomly selected sub‐cohort of posts per pre‐defined criteria was first qualitatively analyzed using an inductive thematic approach. Then, machine learning topic modeling was applied to explore themes in an unsupervised manner for the entire corpus of posts. Afterward, findings from the qualitative and quantitative approaches were integrated to generate a thematic network.ResultsBased on the 39,179 collected posts, seven domain themes were identified. Overall, 41.4% of the posts were related to “biopsychosocial burden” of CVS, including physical impact, psychological impact, and social impact. In 22.3% of posts, individuals shared their experience of “interactions with the healthcare system”, and 14.2% of posts were related to “perceived CVS triggers.” Individuals also shared “solutions to alleviate their symptoms” and “mental health needs” in 10.2% and 8.8% of posts, respectively. Finally, 6.1% of the posts were about “seeking/sharing support” with others.DiscussionThis is the first social netnography study to describe the in‐depth experiences of individuals living with CVS and the marked impact on their physical, mental, and social health. The study also highlights the unmet need for effective therapies, both pharmacological and non‐pharmacological, to alleviate the biopsychosocial impact of CVS.
Improving the education and wellbeing of student parents
Authors: Tighe Lauren A. , Sommer Teresa Eckrich , Sabol Terri J. , Chase‐Lansdale P. Lindsay 
Published: January 2024

AbstractStudent parents, who make up approximately four million US undergraduates, are highly motivated to succeed in school but often face barriers to educational success due to logistical and financial constraints as well as mental health stressors. This randomized control trial examined the effectiveness of an education program centered in an adult workforce agency that was specifically designed to meet the needs of student parents and their families. Family‐centered supportive services included coordinated parent–child schedules and childcare in addition to peer cohorts led by coaches, tuition‐free courses, and additional financial assistance. Two hundred seventy‐seven parents responded to online survey questions about their education and career, wellbeing, and parenting at baseline and approximately 1 year later (treatment n = 191, control n = 86). The racially and ethnically diverse pool of parents consisted mostly of low‐income mothers aged 29 years on average who had a high school diploma or completed a General Educational Development (GED) program. After 1 year, parents in the education program were more likely to obtain at least a certificate or associate degree compared to control parents. These findings suggest that a family‐focused approach is key to improving the educational success of student parents.
Association between periodontal disease and malignant soft tissue sarcomas
Authors: Hiroshimaya Takatoshi , Fujimoto Yusuke , Sasaki Hiromi , Motoi Toshihiro , Nagata Emi , Taniguchi Noboru , Oho Takahiko 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveMalignant soft tissue sarcoma (MSTS) is a rare disease, but is seen in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery. Although the association of periodontal disease with various cancers occurring in the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, lungs, and prostate, has been reported, the association between periodontal disease and MSTS remains unclear. This study investigated the association between periodontal disease and MSTS in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery.Subjects and MethodsOne hundred fifteen patients who underwent orthopedic surgery between 2017 and 2021 were retrospectively enrolled (mean age = 66.8 ± 10.7 years). The patient background was adjusted by the propensity score (PS). Subsequently, the association of periodontal disease with MSTS was analyzed using PS inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). Periodontal status was determined by evaluating the periodontal inflamed surface area, which was calculated by measuring the periodontal probing pocket depth and detecting bleeding on probing.ResultsMultivariate logistic regression analysis after adjustment by the PS showed that severe periodontitis was significantly associated with MSTS (odds ratio 2.81, p = 0.04). Furthermore, IPTW showed that severe periodontitis was significantly associated with MSTS (odds ratio 3.21, p = 0.01).ConclusionThe results indicate an association between periodontal inflammation and MSTS.
Urticaria in infants: A single‐institution retrospective study
Authors: Kim Eun Jae , Zhang Zinan , Hlobik Madeline , Ho Tina , Huang Jennifer T. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUrticaria in infants can cause significant anxiety in parents, especially if a trigger cannot be identified. In a retrospective study of 246 infants seen for urticaria of unknown etiology at Boston Children's Hospital, 88.2% had resolution of urticaria within 6 weeks. The etiology of urticaria was ultimately established in 62.6% (72/115) of acute urticaria and 12.5% (2/16) of chronic urticaria cases with follow‐up data. Pediatric healthcare providers can counsel families that while etiology of urticaria is never determined in over 40% of infants, symptoms are most likely to resolve spontaneously.
Evaluation of blood minerals and oxidative stress changing pattern in prepartum and postpartum Achai and Holstein Friesian dairy cows
Authors: Gul Fahad , Amin Hassan , Naz Shabana , Khan Muhammad Tahir , Alhidary Ibrahim A. , Khan Rifat Ullah , Pugliese Gianluca , Tufarelli Vincenzo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis research focused on evaluating blood mineral levels and malondialdehyde (MDA) as an indicator of oxidative stress before and after giving birth in Achai and Holstein Friesian (HF) dairy cows. Blood samples were obtained from a total of 50 cows representing both breeds on the third, second, and first week prior to calving, as well as on the day of calving (day 0). Subsequently, samples were collected on the 1–3 weeks postpartum to allow a comprehensive evaluation of blood parameters throughout the peripartum period. Results showed a significant (p < .01) decrease in serum zinc (Zn) levels on the day of parturition in both breeds. Additionally, HF cows exhibited higher (p < .01) Zn levels on week 2 before giving birth. Interestingly, blood selenium (Se) concentration increased (p < .01) in HF cows on weeks 2 and 3 after calving. In contrast, Achai cows showed a rise (p < .01) in blood Se on week 3 of parturition. Blood copper (Cu) levels were higher (p < .01) on weeks 2 and 3 after parturition in HF cows and on third week before parturition compared to Achai cows, where serum Cu remained high on week 1 of parturition. The findings indicated that blood magnesium (Mg) was higher (p < .01) on third week before parturition in Achai cows and on weeks 2 and 3 after parturition. Serum calcium (Ca) was higher (p < .01) in both HF and Achai cows on weeks 2 and 3 after parturition, and lower (p < .01) on third week before giving birth in both breeds. The mean blood MDA levels in Achai cows were lower (p < .01) on weeks 1 to 3 postpartum or 3 weeks before giving birth. In HF cows, serum MDA increased (p < .01) just before 2 weeks of parturition and remained elevated until 3 weeks of parturition. Thus, both breeds exhibited a similar pattern of mineral fluctuations; yet, Achai cows demonstrated greater resilience to oxidative stress compared to HF cows during the transition period.
Samuelson, Mortensen, and Melitz walk into a chocolate bar: A tale of jobs, inter‐generational conflict, and international trade
Authors: Davidson Carl , Matusz Steven 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe bring together three prominent literatures to show how jobs create an intergenerational externality. Employment acts as an asset, allowing current generations to borrow from future generations. The competitive equilibrium is not Pareto efficient, and the policies preferred by the current generation differ from the policies that maximize the welfare of future generations. We illustrate with an application to international trade.
Improving the SNA: Alternative measures of output, input, income, and productivity
Authors: Diewert W. Erwin , Nomura Koji , Shimizu Chihiro 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe current System of National Accounts (SNA) Gross Domestic Product (GDP) concept does not measure the income generated by the production sector since it includes depreciation and excludes capital gains and losses on assets used in the production sector. The paper suggests an accounting framework that measures the income generated by the production sector of an economy and implements this measure using the Augmented Productivity Database (APDB) developed by Asian Productivity Organization and Keio University for China over the years 1970–2020. Real gross and real net income generated by the Chinese production sector are decomposed into explanatory factors including TFP growth using the framework suggested by Jorgenson and Diewert and Morrison. TFP growth is further decomposed into technical progress and inefficiency components using the nonparametric approach developed by Diewert and Fox. The APDB has estimates for the price and quantity of agricultural, industrial, commercial, and residential land used in China. The paper argues that changes in land use should be treated in the same manner as inventory change and added to the alternative output measures. It turns out that Jorgensonian user costs for land are frequently negative. The problems associated with negative user costs are discussed in the paper.
A call for trauma‐informed dental care for individuals with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Kildahl Arvid Nikolai , Berggren Tiril , Rønneberg Anne , Molnes Charlotte Serina Yksnøy , Nordgarden Hilde 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPeople with intellectual disabilities are at increased risk of dental anxiety and poor oral health. In addition, people with intellectual disabilities are at increased risk of potentially traumatic experiences, such as violence and sexual abuse, and appear to be more vulnerable to developing trauma‐related disorders following such experiences. While psychological trauma is associated with poor oral health and dental anxiety in the general population, the potential link between dental anxiety, poor oral health and psychological trauma is yet to be explored in people with intellectual disabilities. In this conceptual paper, we provide an overview of recent findings concerning the relationships between oral health and intellectual disabilities, psychological trauma and intellectual disabilities, as well as between psychological trauma and oral health, and discuss the relevance of these findings related to dental care for people with intellectual disabilities. We conclude that psychological trauma is likely to contribute to dental anxiety and poor oral health also in people with intellectual disabilities. Implications include an urgent need for research exploring how trauma affects oral health and experiences of dental care for people with intellectual disabilities, as well as the importance of individualized and trauma‐informed dental care for these individuals.
Deep learning‐based association analysis of root image data and cucumber yield
Authors: Zhu Cuifang , Yu Hongjun , Lu Tao , Li Yang , Jiang Weijie , Li Qiang 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARYThe root system is important for the absorption of water and nutrients by plants. Cultivating and selecting a root system architecture (RSA) with good adaptability and ultrahigh productivity have become the primary goals of agricultural improvement. Exploring the correlation between the RSA and crop yield is important for cultivating crop varieties with high‐stress resistance and productivity. In this study, 277 cucumber varieties were collected for root system image analysis and yield using germination plates and greenhouse cultivation. Deep learning tools were used to train ResNet50 and U‐Net models for image classification and segmentation of seedlings and to perform quality inspection and productivity prediction of cucumber seedling root system images. The results showed that U‐Net can automatically extract cucumber root systems with high quality (F1_score ≥ 0.95), and the trained ResNet50 can predict cucumber yield grade through seedling root system image, with the highest F1_score reaching 0.86 using 10‐day‐old seedlings. The root angle had the strongest correlation with yield, and the shallow‐ and steep‐angle frequencies had significant positive and negative correlations with yield, respectively. RSA and nutrient absorption jointly affected the production capacity of cucumber plants. The germination plate planting method and automated root system segmentation model used in this study are convenient for high‐throughput phenotypic (HTP) research on root systems. Moreover, using seedling root system images to predict yield grade provides a new method for rapidly breeding high‐yield RSA in crops such as cucumbers.
Evolutionary feedback from the environment shapes mechanisms that generate genome variation
Authors: Caporale Lynn Helena 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDarwin recognized that ‘a grand and almost untrodden field of inquiry will be opened, on the causes and laws of variation.’ However, because the Modern Synthesis assumes that the intrinsic probability of any individual mutation is unrelated to that mutation's potential adaptive value, attention has been focused on selection rather than on the intrinsic generation of variation. Yet many examples illustrate that the term ‘random’ mutation, as widely understood, is inaccurate. The probabilities of distinct classes of variation are neither evenly distributed across a genome nor invariant over time, nor unrelated to their potential adaptive value. Because selection acts upon variation, multiple biochemical mechanisms can and have evolved that increase the relative probability of adaptive mutations. In effect, the generation of heritable variation is in a feedback loop with selection, such that those mechanisms that tend to generate variants that survive recurring challenges in the environment would be captured by this survival and thus inherited and accumulated within lineages of genomes. Moreover, because genome variation is affected by a wide range of biochemical processes, genome variation can be regulated. Biochemical mechanisms that sense stress, from lack of nutrients to DNA damage, can increase the probability of specific classes of variation. A deeper understanding of evolution involves attention to the evolution of, and environmental influences upon, the intrinsic variation generated in gametes, in other words upon the biochemical mechanisms that generate variation across generations. These concepts have profound implications for the types of questions that can and should be asked, as omics databases become more comprehensive, detection methods more sensitive, and computation and experimental analyses even more high throughput and thus capable of revealing the intrinsic generation of variation in individual gametes. These concepts also have profound implications for evolutionary theory, which, upon reflection it will be argued, predicts that selection would increase the probability of generating adaptive mutations, in other words, predicts that the ability to evolve itself evolves.image
Reducing Methane Emissions From Lean Burn Natural Gas Engines With Prechamber Ignited Mixing-Controlled Combustion
Authors: Nsaif Osama , Kokjohn Sage , Hessel Randy , Dempsey Adam 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The oil and gas industry heavily relies on lean burn spark ignited natural gas reciprocating engines. These engines are used in many applications, such as oil and gas exploration, production, processing, compression, transmission, and power generation. These engines produce criteria pollutants, such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon monoxide (CO), but due to their premixed nature, also produce relatively large amounts of unburned methane (CH4) emissions. These pollutant emissions not only impact air quality, but methane is a very powerful greenhouse gas, with a global warming potential ∼25–84 times higher than that of CO2. Therefore, it is essential to decrease these emissions for the protection of our environment and public health. The primary source of methane emissions in lean burn engines is the crevices and near wall quench layers. Thus, one method to dramatically reduce methane emissions is to alter the combustion process to be nonpremixed, mixing-controlled combustion. High auto-ignition resistance fuels, like natural gas, are not conducive to mixing-controlled combustion due to very long ignition delays. This study investigates using an active prechamber ignition source and a direct injector to achieve mixing-controlled combustion of natural gas with very short ignition delays. In this concept, the active prechamber acts as a reliable ignition source for the direct injected natural gas, which is referred to as prechamber ignited mixing-controlled combustion (PC-MCC). The PC-MCC concept enables a ∼10× reduction in methane emissions, making it a promising technology for reducing the environmental impact of reciprocating engines. In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations have been used to compare two modeling approaches for PC-MCC: a pure Eulerian gaseous injection approach and a gas-parcels injection method. Using the parcel method to model the gas injection enables an engineering approach to study and design the PC-MCC concept in a timely manner with coarser computational grids. This study also investigated the impact of several variables that may contribute to the performance and emissions of the PC-MCC strategy. The parameters that were examined include prechamber passageway characteristics like nozzle diameter, number of nozzles, and the orientation of nozzle orifices. Understanding the effects of each of these parameters will allow PC-MCC with natural gas to be optimized for low methane emissions.
Effect of the Fran CrossFit Workout on Oxygen Uptake Kinetics, Energetics, and Postexercise Muscle Function in Trained CrossFitters
Authors: Rios Manoel , Becker Klaus Magno , Monteiro Ana Sofia , Fonseca Pedro , Pyne David B. , Reis Victor Machado , Moreira-Gonçalves Daniel , Fernandes Ricardo J. 
Published: January 2024

Purpose: Fran is one of the most popular CrossFit benchmark workouts used to control CrossFitters’ improvements. Detailed physiological characterization of Fran is needed for a more specific evaluation of CrossFitters’ training performance improvements. The aim of the study was to analyze the oxygen uptake () kinetics and characterize the energy system contributions and the degree of postexercise fatigue of the unbroken Fran. Methods: Twenty trained CrossFitters performed Fran at maximal exertion. and heart-rate kinetics were assessed at baseline and during and post-Fran. Blood lactate and glucose concentrations and muscular fatigue were measured at baseline and in the recovery period. Results: A marked increase in kinetics was observed at the beginning of Fran, remaining elevated until the end (: 49.2 [3.7] mL·kg−1·min−1, amplitude: 35.8 [5.2] mL·kg−1·min−1, time delay: 4.7 [2.5] s and time constant: 23.7 [11.1] s; mean [SD]). Aerobic, anaerobic lactic, and alactic pathways accounted for 62% (4%), 26% (4%), and 12% (2%) of energy contribution. Reduction in muscle function in jumping ability (jump height: 8% [6%], peak force: 6% [4%], and maximum velocity: 4% [2%]) and plank prone test (46% [20%]) was observed in the recovery period. Conclusions: The Fran unbroken workout is a high-intensity effort associated with an elevated metabolic response. This pattern of energy response highlights the primary contribution of aerobic energy metabolism, even during short and very intense CrossFit workouts, and that recovery can take >24 hours due to cumulative fatigue.
The Interruption of Rehabilitation Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction due to COVID-19 Restrictions: Association With Return-to-Sport Testing
Authors: Suits William H. , Roe Olivia N. , Snyder Corey M. , Voss Luke J. 
Published: January 2024

Context: Among many unanticipated changes, access to rehabilitation was disrupted during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is unclear how the timing of late-stage rehabilitation following anterior cruciate ligament with surgical reconstruction (ACLR) during the initial months of the pandemic affected outcomes. The purpose of this study was to compare physical performance outcome measures in patients following ACLR prior to and following COVID-19-related restrictions. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Methods: Data from patients who underwent return-to-sport testing following ACLR were analyzed based on date. December 2018 through March of 2020 (n = 66) was defined as the baseline period, and June through October 2020 (n = 27) was defined as the surveillance period. Outcome measures included single leg hop, triple hop, single leg vertical jump, and the lower-extremity functional test (LEFT). Linear mixed models were used to compare outcome measures before and after the onset of pandemic-related restrictions, clustered by sex and sport. A 1-way analysis of variance was performed to analyze the association between the number of virtual rehabilitation visits and outcome measures for subjects in the surveillance period. Results: Subjects in the surveillance period performed significantly worse in the LEFT (+7.88 s; 95% confidence interval, 1.11 to 14.66; P = .02) and single leg vertical jump on the unaffected side (−4.32 cm; 95% confidence interval, −7.44 to −1.19, P < .01), and performed better with single leg vertical jump symmetry (+6.3%; 95% confidence interval, 1.0% to 11.5%; P = .02). There were no other statistically significant differences. There was no significant association between having virtual rehabilitation visits and any of the performance outcomes. Conclusions: There was a decline in physical performance outcome measures in patients following ACLR who did not attend regular in-person physical therapy sessions in the late-stage rehabilitation due to COVID-19-related restrictions. Other factors during this unique time period, such as access to training facilities or psychosocial stressors, may have also influenced outcomes.