bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wrongful Pregnancy
Authors: McDonagh Eileen L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Roe v. Wade, the Supreme Court ruled that protecting the fetus as a form of human life is a profound state interest from the moment of conception, which increases to a compelling interest by the time of fetal viability.1 While the fetus’s status as a person may be in a potential rather than an actual stage, the law nonetheless does not treat the fetus as if it were a subhuman species, such as a dog or a cat, or a natural force, such as a disease, hurricane, fire, or Rood. To the contrary, the state protects the fetus as human life, albeit unborn human life, which may or may not be an actual person. When the fetus causes pregnancy, it does so in its capacity as valuable, state-protected human life. But if a woman does not consent to the fetus’s imposition of pregnancy, it causes what the law terms a wrongful pregnancy.
Abortion Funding and Due Process
Authors: McDonagh Eileen L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When the Supreme Court established a woman’s constitutional right to choose an abortion in Roe, it did so on due process grounds. As framed in the Fourteenth Amendment, the Due Process Clause specifies, “No State shall ... deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law: In previous cases, the Court had ruled that due process rights guarantee freedom from government interference when people are making choices about such private activities as whether to use contraceptives, whom to marry, what materials to read, and where to send their children to school. In Roe, the Court ruled that this right to privacy, guaranteed by the Due Process Clause, “is broad enough to encompass a woman’s decision whether or not to terminate her pregnancy” without interference from the state.
From Due Process to Equal Protection
Authors: McDonagh Eileen L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The right to an abortion is a necessary but not sufficient condition for obtaining one. Abortions also must be available. Medical personnel must be trained to perform them, clinics must be able to operate to provide them, and women must be able to afford them. It is this last factor that is the most serious impediment to the reproductive rights of thousands of indigent women who lack the funds to pay for an abortion. Although the constitutional right to an abortion appears to be secure after the Court upheld it in Casey, the job of ensuring women’s reproductive rights is far from done. At the top of the list of things still to be accomplished is establishing the constitutional grounds that guarantee the right to abortion funding.
De Pena Originalis Peccati
Authors:   Regan
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Questio est de pena originalis peccati. Et primo queritur utrum sit conueniens pena peccati originalis carentia uisionis diuine. Et uidetur quod non. Quia ut dicitur in II Phisicorum, frustra est quod est ad finem quem non consequitur; set homo naturaliter ordinatur ad beatitudinem sicut ad ultimum finem, que quidem beatitudo in diuina uisione consistit; ergo frustra est homo si non perueniat ad uisionem diuinam. Set Deus propter peccatum originale non destitit causare hominum generationem, ut Damascenus dicit. Cum igitur in operibus Dei nichil sit frustra, uidetur quod homo propter peccatum quod ex sua origine contrahit non incurrat reatum carentie uisionis diuine.
De Peccato Ueniali
Authors:   Regan
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Questio est de ueniali peccato. Et primo queritur utrum ueniale peccatum conuenienter diuidatur contra mortale. Et uidetur quod non. Quia ut Augustinus dicit XXII Contra Faustum, “peccatum est dictum uel factum uel concupitum contra legem eternam”. Set omne peccatum quod est contra legem eternam est mortale. Ergo omne peccatum est mortale. Non ergo recte diuiditur peccatum in mortale et ueniale.
De Inani Gloria
Authors:   Regan
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Questio est de inani gloria. Et primo queritur utrum inanis gloria sit peccatum. Et uidetur quod non. Consistit enim inanis gloria &lt;in&gt; eo quod aliquis uelit bona sua aliis apparere. Set hoc non est peccatum, set laudabile. Dicitur enim Mat. V “Sic luceat lux uestra coram hominibus ut uideant opera uestra bona”. Ergo inanis gloria non est peccatum.
De ira
Authors:   Regan
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Questio est de ira. Et primo queritur utrum omnis ira sit mala uel aliqua ira sit bona. Et uidetur quod omnis ira sit mala. Ieronimus enim exponens illud Mat. V “Qui irascitur fratri suo” sic dicit “In quibusdam codicibus additur ‘sine causa’; ceterum in ueris diffinita sententia est et ira penitus tollitur: si enim iubemur orare pro persequentibus, omnis ire occasio tollitur. Radendum est ergo ‘sine causa’, quia ira uiri iustitiam Dei non operatur”. Ergo omnis ira est mala et prohibita.
The Southern Narratives
Authors: Hiebert Theodore 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Yahwist’s ancestral narrative concludes with the resettlement of the family of Jacob in the Egyptian delta, to which it had moved in response to a severe famine that struck broad areas of the ancient Near East (Gen 37-50). After a hiatus, in which the descendants of Jacob had become numerous and their cordial relations with Egyptian authorities had cooled (Exod 1:8-12), the narrative is resumed by J. Three significant events dominate the remainder of the Yahwist’s epic and bring it to a close: the escape from Egypt, the encounter with God at Mt. Sinai, and the journey through the southern desert toward the homeland of their ancestors in the Israelite hill country.
Saint Foucault
Authors: Halperin David M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In a Recent book devoted to the commendable task of promoting and defending what, in its title, are called Gay Ideas, the philosopher Richard Mohr singles out for extended criticism one idea in particular that, despite its sometime popularity among lesbian and gay historians and cultural theorists, evidently does not qualify, in his eyes, as properly “gay”: namely, the idea that sexuality is socially constructed. Mohr blames the queer vogue for this un-gay idea on the baneful influence of the late French philosopher and historian Michel Foucault—a gay man whose life and work have come to represent, especially since his death from AIDS in 1984, important sources of intellectual and political inspiration to many lesbians and gay men, as well as to numbers of variously identified cultural radicals.
Fantasies of Utopia in The Blithedale Romance
Authors: Berlant Lauren 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
From its publication, The Blithedale Romance has been read as a commentary on the project of utopian socialism as executed in George Ripley’s Brook Farm experiment. But Brook Farm/Blithedale is not the only site of utopian theory-and failure-in the novel. A fantasy of communion informs the love plots of Blithedale as fully as it does the story of collective life. The perfect knowledge that will accompany perfect social relations is also sought through the body; the “subject” constructed within collective identity is also defined sexually. Blithedale stages the relationship between collective and subjective desire not simply as a similitude-where love and community become simultaneous ends of utopian practice and projection - but also as a site of tension. Specifically, the novel plays what Jacques Ehrmann has called the tragic and the utopian directions of history against each other; the narrative poses the double articulation of individual and collective identity as a problem in history and for the narratives and persons that operate within its sphere.
Bio-Political Resistance in Domestic Ideology and Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Authors: Romero Lora 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Throughout the decade before she wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852), Harriet Beecher Stowe suffered from hysterical episodes that left her bedridden for weeks at a time. These attacks were so severe that from May 1846 to March 1847 she left her husband and their three young children in Cincinnati for Dr. Wesselhoeft’s Hydropathic Institute, a fashionable water-cure establishment in Brattleboro, Vermont, recommended to her by her sister Catharine Beecher.1 The illness from which Stowe suffered in the 1840s may have, in part, dictated her choice of the subject matter for Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852). When read together, Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Stowe’s letters on her illness suggest that the novelist identified the white hysterical housewife with the black Southern slave, seeing both as victims of a patriarchal power that violates the integrity of the self.2 Because the discourse on hysteria addresses the issue of subjectivity at the same time that it expresses concern for the health of the body, Stowe’s figuration of the hysteric as the archetypal victim of patriarchal government in Uncle Tom’s Cabin encodes, as we shall see, a feminist-abolitionist critique within hygienist norms. Not only does Stowe’s medicalizing of feminist critique derive from her sister Catharine Beecher’s hygienist concept of bodily economy in her writings on housekeeping, but Beecher’s domestic ideology also provides a medical feminism to which Stowe added an abolitionist component when writing Uncle Tom’s Cabin.
The Black Arts Movement and Its Critics
Authors: Smith David Lionel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Professional critics of the 1980s and 1990s generally hold writing of the Black Arts Movement in low esteem. Though the literary output by black writers of the 1960s and early 1970s was substantial, there is a paucity of scholarly literature on this body of work. Various characteristics common to Black Arts writing make it unappealing to many literary scholars: it often confuses social theory with aesthetics, failing to articulate the complex relationship between the two; much of it is predicated upon crude, strident forms of nationalism that do not lend themselves to careful analysis; and too often the work is marred by the swaggering rhetoric of ethnic and gender chauvinism. The extremes of this writing are so egregious that we may come to equate all the work of the movement with its worst tendencies. By “paucity” I do not mean that the scholarly literature is weak or that there simply needs to be more of it. I mean, rather, that even the most rudimentary work in this area is yet to be done. We do not have a single book, critical or historical, scholarly or journalistic, devoted explicitly to the Black Arts Movement. Carolyn Fowler’s extensive bibliography on the movement is a valuable research tool, but it was published privately in an edition that is available only directly from the author. A fair amount has been written on Black Arts theater; many articles and several books have been written on the work of Amiri Baraka.
Emily Dickinson and Class
Authors: Erkkila Betsy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Nowhere is the controversy over the relative merits and limits and possible interdependence of class and gender as categories of historical and cultural analysis more evident than in recent work on Emily Dickinson.1 From Rebecca Patterson’s early emphasis on Dickinson’s erotic relationships with women in The Riddle of Emily Dickinson (1951), to Adrienne Rich’s important essay “Vesuvius at Home: The Power of Emily Dickinson” (1975), to more recent work by Sandra Gilbert, Joanne Feit Diehl, Barbara Mossberg, Vivian Pollak, and Wendy Martin, among others, feminist critics have overturned traditional representations of Dickinson as sentimental recluse, “Belle of Amherst,” unrequited lover, or sublimated neurotic. But through an almost exclusive focus on gender, psychosexuality, and patriarchy as the only oppression, feminist critics have also tended paradoxically to take Dickinson out of history, (re)privatizing her in the space of the home and the psyche, and subsuming the particularity and difference of Dickinson’s life and work into a repeat across time of the same familial romance: the story of the daughter’s revolt against a perpetually demonized and transhistorical patriarch and her desire to return to a preoedipal and prehistorical mother.2 In this essay, I would like to problematize the historical grounds of these polarizations by (re)situating Dickinson as fully and complexly as possible in relation to the social, political, and cultural struggles of her times. While it is certainly true to say that Dickinson was not an overtly political poet in the same sense that Whitman was, it is simply not true to say that she had no politics and no ideological investment in a particular order of power.
What’s Art Got to Do with It? The Status of the Subject of the Humanities in the Age of Cultural Studies
Authors: Bernstein Charles 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The gradual shift from literary studies to cultural and multicultural studies is probably the most useful change to have occurred within the American academy in the past decade. The literary studies approach, to the humanities tended to make a clear-cut distinction between works of art and works of mass or popular culture. Works of art were the primary field of study for the critic, whose secondary role was to explicate or illuminate these art objects. Yet it is difficult to provide a rule for distinguishing great art from cultural artifact, and the ideological biases of much of the prevailing literary and art connoisseurship have served literary studies poorly. In contrast, the cultural studies approach seems both more reasonable and more malleable. We start not with art and its others but with a variety of signifying practices. The field of possible attention is vast and might just as well include film comedies of the thirties as Dickens’s novels, Kewpie dolls as much as Picassos, although, for practical purposes, the focus of any given study will be narrowed. The shift to poststructuralist cultural studies has been precipitated by an intriguing variety of frames of interpretation theoretical, historical, psychological, and sociological-and within each of these frames there are a number of distinct, and competing, methodologies. The present crisis of cultural studies results from the seeming autonomy of the frames of interpretation from what they are to interpret; we have less objects of study than what Stanley Fish calls “interpretive communities.”
Race and Desire Dark Princess, A Romance, by William Edward Burghardt Du Bois
Authors: Tate Claudia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Mother was dark shining bronze, with smooth skin and lovely eyes; there was a tiny ripple in her black hair, and she had a heavy, kind face. She gave one the impression of infinite patience, but a curious determination was concealed in her softness. The tale is done and night is come. Now may all the sprites who, with curled wing and starry eyes, have clustered around my hands and helped me weave this story, lift with deft delicacy from out the crevice where it lines my heavy flesh of fact, that rich and colored gossamer of dreams which the Queen of Faerie lent to me for a season. Pleat it to a shining bundle and return it, sweet elves, beneath the moon, to her Mauve Majesty with my low and fond obeisance.
Obscenity and Nonreproductive Sexuality: Ulysses and the Little Review Trial
Authors: Parkes Adam 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When Margaret Anderson and Jane Heap agreed with Ezra Pound that the Little Reviewshould undertake the serial publication of Ulysses,they fully expected their decision to result in the suppression of their magazine. They also believed Ulysseswas worth it; as Pound said, Ulysseswas “obscure, even obscene, as life itself is obscene in places, but an impassioned meditation on life.”1 For Anderson, Ulyssesembodied “direct opposition to the prevalent art values in America,” which she saw as the primary function of the Little Review,and at first she was committed to publishing Joyce’s work uncut.2 Despite subsequent editorial interference, first by Pound and later by Anderson herself, Ulyssessucceeded in landing the two women editors in a New York courtroom. In September 1920 a lawyer complained to the district attorney that his daughter had received an unsolicited copy of the July-August issue of the Little Review,containing the concluding part of “Nausicaa,” the thirteenth episode of Ulysses,in which Gerty MacDowell exhibits herself before the masturbating hero, Leopold Bloom. The district attorney called in John S. Sumner, secretary of the New York Society for the Prevention of Vice, and after a preliminary hearing in October 1920 the trial was set for February 1921. Despite hearing testimony that Ulysseswould not corrupt the mind of a young girl, the three judges found Anderson and Heap guilty of publishing “indecent matter,” and fined them $50 each.
“SUPPRESSED RANDINESS”: Orlando and The Well of Loneliness
Authors: Parkes Adam 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On 16 November 1928, almost exactly thirteen years after Judge Dickinson banned The Rainbow,Bow Street Magistrates Court again became the scene for the suppression of allegedly obscene literature when Sir Chartres Biron ordered the destruction of Radcliffe Hall’s The Well of Loneliness,a polemical novel pleading for social tolerance for lesbianism.1 In Hall’s words, “the book is a cry for better understanding, for a wider and more merciful toleration, for acceptance of these people as God has made them.”On the face of it, Hall’s novel presented a very different case from either The Rainbowor Lady Chatterley’s Lover,both of which ostensibly condemn lesbianism. Moreover, The Well of Lonelinesseschews the explicit descriptions of sexual encounters that, in Lawrence’s case, attracted the eye of the censor; The Wellis notable for its decorous restraint in such matters. One might be tempted to think that Hall got into trouble simply for raising the issue of lesbianism, since female sexual inversion (as we have seen) was not legally recognized in early-twentiety century Britain. Queen Victoria reputedly refused to believe it existed, and a 1921 proposal to extend the homosexuality law to women ran aground in the House of Commons for similar reasons; Samuel Hynes speculates that male members of Parliament found lesbianism “too gross to deal with.”Yet at least two other novels published in the autumn of 1928, Compton Mackenzie’s Extraordinary Womenand, more importantly, Virginia Woolf’s Orlando,clearly broached the same subject while escaping official censure. In Hall’s case, the aggravating factor seems to have been not the subject but the treatment. Whereas Woolf’s fictional biography, like Mackenzie’s satire, sets out to make readers laugh, The Well of Lonelinesspleads the cause of sexual inversion by taking up an aggressively polemical stance. Paradoxically, this stance has more in common with Lawrence’s than with Woolf’s.
Social Control and Noncriminal Status Offenders Triage and Privatization
Authors: Feld Barry C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Chapters 1 and 2 analyzed the emergence of the newer conception of childhood that accompanied modernization during the nineteenth century and the embodiment of that conception in the juvenile court’s status jurisdiction. Progressive reformers legislatively enacted their imagery of childhood as a period of vulnerability and dependency. They regarded certain protoadult activities as inconsistent with their idea of children and inimical to their long-term development. They viewed adolescence as a period of preparation for adulthood and during which to defer adult roles. Families and schools bore primary responsibility to socialize, supervise, and control young people. Progressives envisioned young people as nested in these primary agencies, enforced children’s dependency within these entities, and viewed children’s autonomy from them as threatening to young people and the community. If a young person “escaped” from this overlapping network of supervision, then she was literally “out of control.” Juvenile court provided an organizational mechanism to regulate children, to reinforce the authority of the other institutions that controlled children, and to oversee the adequacy of their families’ supervision. The Progressives conceived of the juvenile court as a benign substitute for parental inadequacy, as parens patriae, and included status offenses in its definition of delinquency so that public authorities could respond to vulnerable children at risk and their deficient families (Teitelbaum and Harris 1977).
The Church in Exile: Vital Signs Outside the Mainstream
Authors: Sanders Cheryl J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Sanctified church tradition is an African American Christian reform movement that seeks to bring its standards of worship, personal morality, and sociocultural concern into conformity with principles of holiness and spiritual empowerment. All groups within this rubric adhere to the doctrine and practice of sanctification in some form and historically have embraced an ascetic ethic forbidding alcohol, tobacco, other addictive substances, gambling, secular dancing, and immodest apparel. The Sanctified churches are congregations of saints, an ethical designation members apply to themselves as an indication of their collective response to the call to holiness. The saints follow the holiness mandate in worship, in personal morality, and in society, based upon a dialectical, exilic identity of being “in the world, but not of it.” These saints are fully aware of their marginalized status, based upon racial and religious differences, within the dominant culture; thus, exile has been offered as an appropriate paradigm for interpreting their experience.
Throughout this study, the self-understanding of the adherents of the Sanctified church movement has been emphasized and expressed in terms of a complex of “both-and” dialectics corresponding to various aspects of the exilic ethos. The first and most compelling of these dialectics is the situation of being “in the world, but not of it,” as described in the introduction with reference to the historical marginalization of the Sanctified church movement in light of its African antecedents and its reformulations of slave religion.
“In Me Two Worlds At War” Poetry and Politics
Authors: Gelpi Albert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
After the Thirties, when the “MacSpaunday” poets had gone their separate ways, Day Lewis was as eager as Auden and the others to play down the notion that they had come together in a concerted and self-conscious movement: “Though Auden, Spender, MacNeice and I have all known each other personally since the mid-Thirties, each of us had not even met all three others till after the publication of New Signatures in 1932, while it was only in 1947 that Auden, Spender and I found ourselves together for the first time in one room” (The Buried Day, 216-17).
Musculus and the Humanists on the Miracle at Sea
Authors: Farmer Craig S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I have already noted characteristics of Musculus’s training and scholar ship that would lead us to suspect a strong humanist influence in his work as a commentator. His education at the Latin school of Selestat, his training in Hebrew under Capito and in Greek under Betuleius, and his work as a translator of the classics all point to a man eager to drink at the fountains of humanist learning. Even a casual glance through the pages of his John commentary would seem to confirm this sus picion: quotations of Greek text and of classical authors, pagan and Christian, are sprinkled liberally throughout the work.
Musculus and the Reformed Commentators on the Raising of Lazarus
Authors: Farmer Craig S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We now examine Musculus’s exegesis in the context of commentaries authored by theologians who shared an allegiance to the reform movements in southern Germany and Switzerland, centered in the cities of Zurich, Basel, Geneva, and Strasbourg. This southern wing of the Protestant Reformation, represented in its early stages by the central figures of Zwingli, Calvin, and Bucer, spawned a theological tradition that may be distinguished from the Wittenberg-oriented wing of the Reformation and later became known as the Reformed tradition.