bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated uplift, subsidence, erosion and deposition in a tightly coupled source‐to‐sink system, Pagliara basin, northeastern Sicily, Italy
Authors: Pavano F. , Pazzaglia F. J. , Rittenour T. M. , Catalano S. , Corbett L. B. , Bierman P. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHow tectonic forcing, expressed as base level change, is encoded in the stratigraphic and geomorphic records of coupled source‐to‐sink systems remains uncertain. Using sedimentological, geochronological and geomorphic approaches, we describe the relationship between transient topographic change and sediment deposition for a low‐storage system forced by rapid rock uplift. We present five new luminescence ages and two terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide paleo‐erosion rates for the late Pleistocene Pagliara fan‐delta complex and we model corresponding base level fall history and erosion of the source catchment located on the Ionian flank of the Peloritani Mountains (NE‐Sicily, Italy). The Pagliara delta complex is part of the broader Messina Gravel‐and‐Sands lithostratigraphic unit that outcrops along the Peloritani coastal belt as extensional basins have been recently inverted by both normal faults and regional uplift at the Messina Straits. The deltas exposed at the mouth of the Pagliara River have constructional tops at ca. 300 m a.s.l. and onlap steeply east‐dipping bedrock at the coast to thickness between ca. 100 and 200 m. Five infrared‐stimulated luminescence (IRSL) ages collected from the delta range in age from ca. 327 to 208 ka and indicate a vertical long‐term sediment accumulation rate as rapid as ca. 2.2 cm/yr during MIS 7. Two cosmogenic 10Be concentrations measured in samples of delta sediment indicate paleo‐erosion rates during MIS 8–7 near or slightly higher than the modern rates of ca. 1 mm/yr. Linear inversion of Pagliara fluvial topography indicates an unsteady base level fall history in phase with eustasy that is superimposed on a longer, tectonically driven trend that doubled in rate from ca. 0.95 to 1.8 mm/yr in the past 150 ky. The combination of footwall uplift rate and eustasy determines the accommodation space history to trap the fan‐deltas at the Peloritani coast in hanging wall basins, which are now inverted, uplifted and exposed hundreds of metres above the sea level.
Immature stroma and high infiltration of CD15+ cells are predictive markers of poor prognosis in different subsets of patients with pancreatic cancer
Authors: Yamada Yutaka , Yamamoto Takeo , Tsutsumi Chikanori , Matsumoto Takashi , Noguchi Shoko , Shimada Yuki , Nakata Kohei , Ohuchida Kenoki , Nakamura Masafumi , Oda Yoshinao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPreoperative treatment is commonly carried out for borderline resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, the relationship between the combination of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and their intratumoral heterogeneity along with their association with histological findings remains unclear, especially in patients receiving preoperative chemotherapy. We aimed to explore the therapeutic strategies for patients with PDAC with poor prognosis after receiving chemotherapy based on histological and immunological microenvironmental classifications. We investigated the correlation between the prognosis and histological immune microenvironmental factors of patients who initially underwent surgery (n = 100) and were receiving gemcitabine plus nab‐paclitaxel (GEM + nabPTX) as preoperative chemotherapy (n = 103). Immune profiles were generated based on immune cell infiltration into the tumor, and their correlation with patient outcomes and histological features was analyzed. Tumor‐infiltrating neutrophils (TINs) were identified as independent poor prognostic factors using multivariate analysis in both surgery‐first and preoperative chemotherapy groups. The patients were further classified into four groups based on immune cell infiltration into the tumor. Patients with high CD15 infiltration into the tumor and immature stroma at the cancer margins showed the worst prognosis in the preoperative chemotherapy group. The analysis of mRNA expression and immunohistochemical features revealed that CXCR2, the receptor for CXCL8, was correlated with disease‐free and overall survival. We inferred that patients with immature stroma at the margins and high infiltration of CD15+ neutrophils within the tumor showed the worst prognosis and they could particularly benefit from treatment with inhibitors targeting CXCR2 or CXCL8.
Questioning the tabula rasa in Indian modernity: Toward a genealogy for the Anthropocene
Authors: Desai Catherine Outram , Kinger Yakin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis article examines the history of Kharaghoda, an important site of colonial salt extraction located on the edge of the Little Rann of Kutch, Gujarat. It highlights relationships between development and ecology through analysis of colonial documents published between 1872 and 1940. The intention at Kharaghoda was to enforce colonial political agendas through the construction of infrastructure on what was seen as an empty site. However, contrary to a tabula rasa condition, records suggest a complex relationship with site ecologies. In particular, nature was not uniformly sublimated by the project, but exerted influence on a rapidly fluctuating built environment. The article presents developments thematically, with each investigating the archives and corresponding developments chronologically. By foregrounding the ecological voice within the archives it advocates for a definition of modern heritage that recognizes interactions between nature and built environments to suggest future possibilities for conservation acknowledging human and nonhuman agencies.
Remodelling the inguinal adipose sensory system to switch on the furnace: Electroacupuncture stimulation induces brown adipose thermogenesis
Authors: Lu Mengjiang , Yu Ziwei , Yang Xingyu , An Li , Jing Xinyue , Xu Tiancheng , Yuan Mengqian , Xu Bin , Yu Zhi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBrown and white adipose tissue mediate thermogenesis through the thermogenetic centre of the brain, but safe methods for activating thermogensis and knowledge of the associated molecular mechanisms are lacking. We investigated body surface electroacupuncture stimulation (ES) at ST25 (targeted at the abdomen) induction of brown adipose thermogenesis and the neural mechanism of this process. Inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) and interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) were collected and the thermogenic protein expression levels were measured to evaluate iBAT thermogenesis capacity. The thermogenic centre activating region and sympathetic outflow were evaluated based on neural electrical activity and c‐fos expression levels. iWAT sensory axon plasticity was analysed with whole‐mount adipose tissue imaging. ES activated the sympathetic nerves in iBAT and the c‐fos‐positive cells induced sympathetic outflow activation to the iBAT from the medial preoptic area (MPA), the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DM) and the raphe pallidus nucleus (RPA). iWAT denervation mice exhibited decreased c‐fos‐positive cells in the DM and RPA, and lower recombinant uncoupling orotein 1 peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor, β3‐adrenergic receptor, and tyrosine hydroxylase expression. Remodelling the iWAT sensory axons recovered the signal from the MPA to the RPA and induced iBAT thermogenesis. The sympathetic denervation attenuated sensory nerve density. ES induced sympathetic outflow from the thermogenetic centres to iBAT, which mediated thermogenesis. iWAT sensory axon remodelling induced the MPA–DM–RPA–iBAT thermogenesis pathway.
Adaptive infusion of a glucagon‐like peptide‐1/glucagon receptor co‐agonist G3215, in adults with overweight or obesity: Results from a phase 1 randomized clinical trial
Authors: Hope David C. D. , Ansari Saleem , Choudhury Sirazum , Alexiadou Kleopatra , Tabbakh Yasmin , Ilesanmi Ibiyemi , Lazarus Katharine , Davies Iona , Jimenez‐Pacheco Lara , Yang Wei , Ball Laura‐Jayne , Malviya Reshma , Reglinska Beata , Khoo Bernard , Minnion James , Bloom Stephen R. , Tan Tricia M.‐M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimsTo determine whether a continuous infusion of a glucagon‐like peptide receptor (GLP‐1R)/glucagon receptor (GCGR) co‐agonist, G3215 is safe and well tolerated in adults with overweight or obesity.MethodsA phase 1 randomized, double blind, placebo‐controlled trial of G3215 in overweight or obese participants, with or without type 2 diabetes.ResultsTwenty‐six participants were recruited and randomized with 23 completing a 14‐day subcutaneous infusion of G3215 or placebo. The most common adverse events were nausea or vomiting, which were mild in most cases and mitigated by real‐time adjustment of drug infusion. There were no cardiovascular concerns with G3215 infusion. The pharmacokinetic characteristics were in keeping with a continuous infusion over 14 days. A least‐squares mean body weight loss of 2.39 kg was achieved with a 14‐day infusion of G3215, compared with 0.84 kg with placebo infusion (p < .05). A reduction in food consumption was also observed in participants receiving G3215 and there was no deterioration in glycaemia. An improved lipid profile was seen in G3215‐treated participants and consistent with GCGR activation, a broad reduction in circulating amino acids was seen during the infusion period.ConclusionAn adaptive continuous infusion of the GLP‐1/GCGR co‐agonist, G3215, is safe and well tolerated offering a unique strategy to control drug exposure. By allowing rapid, response‐directed titration, this strategy may allow for mitigation of adverse effects and afford significant weight loss within shorter time horizons than is presently possible with weekly GLP‐1R and multi‐agonists. These results support ongoing development of G3215 for the treatment of obesity and metabolic disease.
Clinical study of two‐dimensional speckle tracking to evaluate abnormal myocardial motion due to coronary lesions
Authors: Sun Lin , Zhu Weiwei , Xu Yidan , Gao Ming , Sun Shaoqing , Li Jingjie 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the predictive ability of global longitudinal strain (GLS) and mechanical dispersion for coronary stenosis and provide a more reliable noninvasive method for diagnosis of obstructive coronary artery disease(OCAD).MethodsSixty‐seven patients diagnosed with suspected CAD were included in the study. Patients with coronary stenosis greater than 50% were assigned as OCAD, while the others were assigned as non obstructive coronary artery disease(NOCAD). General information was collected and patients underwent speckle tracking echocardiogram(STE).ResultsSpearman's correlation analysis showed that GLS and mechanical dispersion were positively correlated with the degree of coronary stenosis (r = 0.383, 0.342, p < 0.05), and there was also a positive correlation between GLS and mechanical dispersion (r = 0.327, p < 0.05). GLS, longitudinal strain (LS) of each chamber, and mechanical dispersion were higher in the OCAD group than in the NOCAD group (p < 0.05). Univariate regression analysis showed that GLS, each lumen LS and mechanical dispersion were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Multifactorial regression analysis showed that elevated GLS (p = 0.007) and elevated mechanical dispersion (p = 0.030) were independent risk factors for OCAD. The ROC curves showed that GLS predicted OCAD (AUC area 0.745, 95% CI 0.624 to 0.865) versus mechanical discrete prediction of OCAD (AUC area 0.702, 95% CI 0.569 to 0.834) were more diagnostic than conventional cardiac ultrasound observations of ventricular wall motion abnormalities (AUC area 0.566, 95% CI 0.463 to 0.669).ConclusionsCombining GLS with mechanical dispersion can rapidly assess OCAD in a very short period, which has strong promotion value and in‐depth research value.
Both stimulus‐specific and configurational features of multiple visual stimuli shape the spatial ventriloquism effect
Authors: Kayser Christoph , Debats Nienke , Heuer Herbert 
Published: January 2024

AbstractStudies on multisensory perception often focus on simplistic conditions in which one single stimulus is presented per modality. Yet, in everyday life, we usually encounter multiple signals per modality. To understand how multiple signals within and across the senses are combined, we extended the classical audio‐visual spatial ventriloquism paradigm to combine two visual stimuli with one sound. The individual visual stimuli presented in the same trial differed in their relative timing and spatial offsets to the sound, allowing us to contrast their individual and combined influence on sound localization judgements. We find that the ventriloquism bias is not dominated by a single visual stimulus but rather is shaped by the collective multisensory evidence. In particular, the contribution of an individual visual stimulus to the ventriloquism bias depends not only on its own relative spatio‐temporal alignment to the sound but also the spatio‐temporal alignment of the other visual stimulus. We propose that this pattern of multi‐stimulus multisensory integration reflects the evolution of evidence for sensory causal relations during individual trials, calling for the need to extend established models of multisensory causal inference to more naturalistic conditions. Our data also suggest that this pattern of multisensory interactions extends to the ventriloquism aftereffect, a bias in sound localization observed in unisensory judgements following a multisensory stimulus.
Quantitative analysis of three‐dimensional fatigue crack path selection in Mg alloy WE43 using high‐energy X‐ray diffraction microscopy
Authors: Greeley Duncan A. , Adams Jacob F. , Kenesei Peter , Spear Ashley D. , Allison John E. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFatigue short‐cracks in Mg alloys display complex growth behavior due to high plastic anisotropy and crack path dependence on local microstructural features. In this study, the three‐dimensional crystallography of short‐crack paths in Mg alloy WE43 was characterized by mapping near‐field high‐energy X‐ray diffraction microscopy (HEDM) reconstructed grain maps to high‐resolution X‐ray CT reconstructions of the fracture surfaces in the crack initiation and short‐crack growth regions of six ultrasonic fatigue specimens. Crack–grain–boundary intersections were analyzed at 81 locations across the six crack paths. The basal intragranular, non‐basal intragranular, or intergranular character of short‐crack growth following each boundary intersection was correlated to crystallographic and geometric parameters of the trailing and leading grains, three‐dimensional grain boundary plane, and advancing crack front. The results indicate that crack paths are dependent on the combined crystallographic and geometric character of the local microstructure, and crack path prediction can be improved by use of dimensionality reduction on subsets of high‐linear‐correlation microstructural parameters.
What factors influence the rediscovery of lost tetrapod species?
Authors: Lindken Tim , Anderson Christopher V. , Ariano‐Sánchez Daniel , Barki Goni , Biggs Christina , Bowles Philip , Chaitanya Ramamoorthi , Cronin Drew T. , Jähnig Sonja C. , Jeschke Jonathan M. , Kennerley Rosalind J. , Lacher Thomas E. , Luedtke Jennifer A. , Liu Chunlong , Long Barney , Mallon David , Martin Gabriel M. , Meiri Shai , Pasachnik Stesha A. , Reynoso Victor Hugo , Stanford Craig B. , Stephenson P. J. , Tolley Krystal A. , Torres‐Carvajal Omar , Waldien David L. , Woinarski John C. Z. , Evans Thomas 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe created a database of lost and rediscovered tetrapod species, identified patterns in their distribution and factors influencing rediscovery. Tetrapod species are being lost at a faster rate than they are being rediscovered, due to slowing rates of rediscovery for amphibians, birds and mammals, and rapid rates of loss for reptiles. Finding lost species and preventing future losses should therefore be a conservation priority. By comparing the taxonomic and spatial distribution of lost and rediscovered tetrapod species, we have identified regions and taxa with many lost species in comparison to those that have been rediscovered—our results may help to prioritise search effort to find them. By identifying factors that influence rediscovery, we have improved our ability to broadly distinguish the types of species that are likely to be found from those that are not (because they are likely to be extinct). Some lost species, particularly those that are small and perceived to be uncharismatic, may have been neglected in terms of conservation effort, and other lost species may be hard to find due to their intrinsic characteristics and the characteristics of the environments they occupy (e.g. nocturnal species, fossorial species and species occupying habitats that are more difficult to survey such as wetlands). These lost species may genuinely await rediscovery. However, other lost species that possess characteristics associated with rediscovery (e.g. large species) and that are also associated with factors that negatively influence rediscovery (e.g. those occupying small islands) are more likely to be extinct. Our results may foster pragmatic search protocols that prioritise lost species likely to still exist.
The strengthened impact of water availability at interannual and decadal time scales on vegetation GPP
Authors: Liang Chuanzhuang , Zhang Mingyang , Wang Zheng , Xiang Xueqiao , Gong Haibo , Wang Kelin , Liu Huiyu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWater availability (WA) is a key factor influencing the carbon cycle of terrestrial ecosystems under climate warming, but its effects on gross primary production (EWA‐GPP) at multiple time scales are poorly understood. We used ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and partial correlation analysis to assess the WA‐GPP relationship (RWA‐GPP) at different time scales, and geographically weighted regression (GWR) to analyze their temporal dynamics from 1982 to 2018 with multiple GPP datasets, including near‐infrared radiance of vegetation GPP, FLUXCOM GPP, and eddy covariance–light‐use efficiency GPP. We found that the 3‐ and 7‐year time scales dominated global WA variability (61.18% and 11.95%), followed by the 17‐ and 40‐year time scales (7.28% and 8.23%). The long‐term trend also influenced 10.83% of the regions, mainly in humid areas. We found consistent spatiotemporal patterns of the EWA‐GPP and RWA‐GPP with different source products: In high‐latitude regions, RWA‐GPP changed from negative to positive as the time scale increased, while the opposite occurred in mid‐low latitudes. Forests had weak RWA‐GPP at all time scales, shrublands showed negative RWA‐GPP at long time scales, and grassland (GL) showed a positive RWA‐GPP at short time scales. Globally, the EWA‐GPP, whether positive or negative, enhanced significantly at 3‐, 7‐, and 17‐year time scales. For arid and humid zones, the semi‐arid and sub‐humid zones experienced a faster increase in the positive EWA‐GPP, whereas the humid zones experienced a faster increase in the negative EWA‐GPP. At the ecosystem types, the positive EWA‐GPP at a 3‐year time scale increased faster in GL, deciduous broadleaf forest, and savanna (SA), whereas the negative EWA‐GPP at other time scales increased faster in evergreen needleleaf forest, woody savannas, and SA. Our study reveals the complex and dynamic EWA‐GPP at multiple time scales, which provides a new perspective for understanding the responses of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change.
Insects as indicators of Key Biodiversity Areas
Authors: Nania Dario , Mei Maurizio , Pacifici Michela , Rondinini Carlo , De Biase Alessio , Michez Denis , Cerretti Pierfilippo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Global change is affecting insect populations worldwide as species declines have been reported from different areas of the planet.
Novel approaches such as the identification of Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) could detect areas of high biodiversity value for insect populations. The KBA approach relies on standardised criteria to identify important sites for biodiversity persistence. The application of such criteria to large numbers of species would significantly accelerate the KBA mapping process.
A systematic application of KBA criteria has not been tested on insects, and very little is known about the efficiency and limits of such methodology.
We applied four KBA criteria in Italy to 28 species/subspecies of bumblebees and identified potential KBAs for one species and three subspecies. Potential KBAs are only partially nested within current Italian KBAs and the protected areas network. When compared with potential KBAs of vertebrate species identified with the same methodology, the degree of nesting is only 12%.
Our results provide evidence of a tendency of the KBA network to expand as more species are assessed, raising questions about the ability of the criteria to detect areas that truly are key for biodiversity and not just for specific taxa. We also highlight issues regarding the use of KBA criteria on insects, such as data availability and the use of subspecies. Further large‐scale assessments of KBAs will reveal the true potential of application of the KBA approach for insect conservation, and whether it actually may slow down the loss of important units of their extraordinary diversity.
Correlation between the facial skin microbiome and sensitive skin using the 2bRAD‐M technique
Authors: Lu Yi‐na , Cheng Lu , Shi Xue‐mei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to expound on the correlation between facial skin microbiome and sensitive skin (SS) using a novel sequencing technique.MethodsWe applied the 2bRAD sequencing for the microbiome, which enables accurate characterization of the low‐biomass microbiome at species resolution to profile facial skin microbes in SS and non‐SS groups. Further, the bacterial colonies were isolated and cultured from skin surfaces to study the pro‐inflammatory effect on human keratinocytes by ELISA.ResultsWe accordingly identified 1142 genera and 4436 strains. In the SS group, the proportions of Actinomyces and Microbotryomycetes were significantly increased, whereas that of Acidimicrobiia was decreased. Kruskal–Wallis analysis revealed significant differences in 11 genera and 35 species, among which the proportions of Dermabacter, Chryseobacterium, Rhodotorula and Peptoniphilus A were increased in the SS group. Analysis of the top 10 genera revealed increased proportions of Cutibacterium, Corynebacterium and Staphylococcus. Moreover, the proportion of Dermabacter hominis was significantly increased by 18.9‐fold in the SS group, whereas those of many Streptococcus strains were significantly decreased. Focus on the isolated bacterial colonies from skin surfaces, more yellow colonies were found in SS group when cultured in Tryptic Soy Broth medium for 48 h, and more interleukin‐8 was detected on keratinocytes after yellow colonies stimulation, such as S.capitis, M.luteus.ConclusionsThis study suggests that more SS‐associated microorganisms can be identified using the 2bRAD technique even with a small sample size. Dermabacter hominis and Chryseobacterium was firstly reported with a significantly increase in SS, and the S.capitis, as well as M.luteus, but not S.aureus, may be associated with skin inflammation.