bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Model to Evaluate the Development of Discolorations on Human Enamel Caused by Treatment with Mouth Rinses and Black Tea Considering Brushing
Authors: Sarembe Sandra , Michler Nicole , Ufer Carolin , Kiesow Andreas 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Objectives The study aimed to develop and test an in vitro model to investigate the staining potential of mouth rinses on human enamel, considering alternating intake of black tea and tooth brushing, thus mimicking the situation in the oral cavity more realistically.
Materials and Methods Eight mouth rinses with six different active ingredients (benzydamine hydrochloride [BNZ], polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride [PHMB], chlorhexidine digluconate [CHX], hexetidine gluconate [HEX], octenidine dihydrochloride [OCT] and octenidine dihydrochloride + 2-phenoxyethanol [OCTP]) and concentrations were tested. Sets of six halved human molar crowns were initially pretreated by soaking in artificial saliva (30 min). Afterward, the cyclic treatment was started by soaking in artificial saliva (2 min), staining with black tea (1 min), brushing with toothpaste (5 s), and soaking in the mouth rinse (30 s). Samples were rinsed with distilled water after each treatment step. The cyclic treatment was repeated 30 times, mimicking the consumer behavior after 15 days. Photographic images were taken after 0, 10, 20, and 30 cycles. Color measurements were conducted after each staining and brushing step using a VITA-Easyshade spectrophotometer to determine the difference in lightness ∆L and the total color difference ∆E.
Statistical Analysis Analysis of variance and post-hoc Tukey test (α = 0.05) were applied.
Results The new testing model with included brushing sequences allowed to assess the staining behavior on human teeth and provided a clear differentiation between the different investigated products. In detail, up to cycle 10, ΔE values increased for all mouth rinses with each additional cycle number. However, while ΔE values continued to increase for 0.15% BNZ, 0.1% PHMB, and 0.2% CHX between treatment cycle 10 and 30, ΔE values only slightly increased after treatment with 0.08% OCTP, 0.1% OCTP, 0.1% OCT, and 0.1% HEX. After 20 and 30 cycles, significantly less staining was found for 0.08% OCTP, 0.1% OCT, 0.1% HEX as compared to 0.2% CHX, 0.15% BNZ, and 0.1% PHMB (p < 0.05). ΔE-values were significantly lower after treatment with 0.1% OCTP as compared to 0.2% CHX1 and 0.2% CHX2 (p < 0.05).
Conclusion The proposed new methodology was found to be appropriate for assessing the staining progression of mouth rinses over a simulated application period of 15 days. The model allows differentiation of products with different active ingredients and concentrations.
What matters in the cultivation of student feedback literacy: exploring university EFL teachers’ perceptions and practices
Authors: Xie Zhenfang , Liu Wen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractStudent feedback literacy has been widely recognized as a crucial lever in shaping self-regulated autonomous learners. Extant research has displayed a whole variety of feedback interventions to promote student feedback literacy. However, these discussions are either of a conceptual nature or draw on the experiences of feed-back literate teachers. The perceptions and practices of those in-service teachers count in the cultivation of student feedback literacy, which quite unexpectedly have drawn scant attention. This qualitative study explored how university EFL teachers perceived the need to cultivate student feedback literacy and their actual practices through thematic analysis about data gathered from semi-structured interviews with 9 Chinese university EFL teachers and classroom observation. Results revealed an obvious lack of awareness among the participants to purposefully develop student feedback literacy, underpinned by the conceptualization of feedback as teacher-centered and compounded by a shortage of relevant guiding policies. However, the participants subconsciously promoted student feedback literacy through cognitive steering, behavioral regulation and affective support in unsystematic and disorganized feedback interventions. The findings highlight the exigency for teachers to deepen their understandings about feedback and call for policy support from the authorities. Implications are discussed to chart the potentials to optimize the cultivation of student feedback literacy.
Calibration of accelerometer and magnetometer sensors of MWD systems in directional drilling application
Authors: Malekizadeh A , Afarideh H , Mohamadian M , Esmaeili Sani V 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Measurement while drilling (MWD) tools include accelerometers, magnetometers and temperature sensors. The accuracy of these sensors are highly important in measuring inclination and Azimuth angle parameters in a directional well. These factors can increase costs when drilling a directional well. During the past years, many efforts have been made to increase the accuracy of these tools. Accuracy of accelerometer and magnetometer sensors are influenced by scale, bias and non-orthogonal errors. Considering that MWD systems work in a wide range of temperatures (for example 0 °C–150 °C), the temperature parameter should also be added to the factors affecting the errors. Here, after making a sample of MWD tool, a method to calibrate the tool using mathematical model based on total field calibration algorithm, least square method and the transfer matrix is presented. Calibrated parameters at ambient temperature are calculated with acceptable speed. Then, a method for calculating temperature coefficients in the desired range is provided. Compared to the case where temperature coefficients are not considered, the obtained results show a significantly increased accuracy of Inclination and Azimuth parameters through the use of these coefficients.
Numerical study on the electromagnetic characteristics of multi-layer CORC cables
Authors: Li Chao , Yang Wenchao , Li Bin , Xin Ying , Yang Jiabin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Due to the high isotropy and low AC losses, the multi-layer conductor on round core (CORC) cable is a good candidate for high field magnets, such as central solenoid magnets in fusion. Considering the difficulty in experimental measurement, numerical model is an effective way to illustrate the electromagnetic characteristics of the multi-layer CORC cable and provide further insights into its working performance. In this work, a 3D finite element model based on
H
formulation is proposed to simulate a CORC cable with as many as 18 layers considering electromagnetic coupling. The validity of the model has been verified by experimental results. Based on the proposed model, the DC transport current distribution characteristics and charge-discharge loss characteristics of multi-layer CORC cables wound in the same and opposite winding directions are investigated respectively. This work can provide an important reference for the design of multi-layer CORC cables for high-current or high-field application.
Hg0 chemisorption of magnetic manganese cobalt nano ferrite from simulated flue gas
Authors: Zhou Wenjun , Lv Zhixiang , Zhang Shaoshuai , Su Guodong , Jin Xin , Liu Ruijiang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Mercury (Hg) emissions from the flue gas of coal-fired power plants constituted the primary source of atmospheric mercury pollution, manifesting in three distinct forms: granular mercury, oxidized mercury, and elemental mercury. This pollution posed significant threats to the ecological environment. There was an urgent demand for a more effective and economically viable mercury removal technology. The magnetic Mn0.5Co0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles were prepared via a rapid combustion process. Their capacities for mercury adsorption and regeneration were scrutinized through a fixed-bed experimental system. The outcomes revealed that Mn0.5Co0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles, prepared at a calcination temperature of 400 °C with 20 ml of anhydrous ethanol, exhibited the most proficient adsorption of Hg°. Under these specific conditions, the average particle size of the Mn0.5Co0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles was approximately 26.8 nm. These nanoparticles demonstrated a superior adsorption capacity of 9.48 μg·g−1 for Hg° at an adsorption temperature of 30 °C under a space velocity of 2.4 × 104 h−1. Elevating the permeation temperature to 70 °C resulted in an impressive adsorption capacity for Hg°, reaching 560.59 μg·g−1. The Hg-TPD (Hg-Temperature Programmed Desorption) and XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) analyses revealed the involvement of chemisorbed oxygen (Oads), Mn3+, and Fe3+ in the adsorbent, facilitating the oxidation of Hg° and generating HgO on the adsorbent surface. Following six cycles of adsorption and desorption, the adsorption capacity of Mn0.5Co0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles for Hg° retained 71% of the first adsorption capacity, which indicated that magnetic Mn0.5Co0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles held great promise as an adsorbent for mercury removal.
Black strings in asymptotically safe gravity
Authors: Nilton M , Alencar G , Costa Filho R N 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we study black strings in asymptotic safety gravity (ASG) scenario. The ASG approach is introduced by implementing gravitational and cosmological running coupling constants directly in the black string metric. We calculate the Hawking temperature, entropy, and heat capacity of the improved black string metric in two cases: considering the cosmological constant fixed in some fixed point and the general case where both Newton’s constant and cosmological constant are improved. For the identification of the scale moment we used an general inverse law setting k(r) ∼ 1/r

n
. We show that improving only the Newton’s constant the problem of singularity is solved for the identifications with n > 1. However, if the cosmological constant is also running the singularity persists in the solution. Also, we show that the ASG effects predicts the presence of a remnant mass in the final evaporation process. Besides that, a logarithmic correction is observed in the entropy. However, a running cosmological constant introduces new correction terms to the entropy beyond that. We show that the improved black string solution remains stable, as in the usual case. Phase transitions are not observed in both cases studied here.
Application of feature fusion strategy for monitoring the condition of nitrogen filled tires using tree family of classifiers
Authors: Parihar Hrithik , Naveen Venkatesh S , Anoop P S , Sugumaran V 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The tire pressure monitoring systems (TPMS) are dedicated vehicle systems that calculate the tire pressure under various conditions. Proper maintenance of tire pressure can have a significant impact on enhancing vehicle handling, vehicle performance, occupant safety, comfort and fuel efficiency. Recent years have seen a shift in the preference for nitrogen-filled tires over air filled due to the superior thermal stability and uniform pressure management characteristics displayed by nitrogen-filled tires. The present article details the application of machine learning in TPMS to provide more insights into the tire behaviour for four different tire conditions (puncture, idle, high and normal). This paper specifically focuses on the collaborative approach that combines various features extracted with tree-based classifiers. Vertical wheel hub vibrations were captured using an accelerometer from which distinct features like autoregressive moving average (ARMA), statistical and histogram were extracted. With the application of J48, the most significant and contributing features were identified for every feature set extracted that was fed into tree-based classifiers. The best-performing classifier for every feature set was determined to be 95.83% (statistical–random forest), 93.75% (histogram-optimized forest) and 93.75% (ARMA–random forest). Furthermore, an extensive analysis was carried out to determine the impact of the feature fusion approach on feature combinations like statistical-histogram, histogram-ARMA, statistical-ARMA and statistical-histogram-ARMA. The experimental results indicate a commendable classification accuracy of 97.92% for a feature fusion of statistical-histogram-ARMA features with a forest penalizing attributes algorithm.
Temporal regulation of renewable supply for electrolytic hydrogen
Authors: Zeyen Elisabeth , Riepin Iegor , Brown Tom 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Electrolytic hydrogen produced using renewable electricity can help lower carbon dioxide emissions in sectors where feedstocks, reducing agents, dense fuels or high temperatures are required. This study investigates the implications of various standards being proposed to certify that the grid electricity used is renewable. The standards vary in how strictly they match the renewable generation to the electrolyser demand in time and space. Using an energy system model, we compare electricity procurement strategies to meet a constant hydrogen demand for selected European countries in 2025 and 2030. We compare cases where no additional renewable generators are procured with cases where the electrolyser demand is matched to additional supply from local renewable generators on an annual, monthly or hourly basis. We show that local additionality is required to guarantee low emissions. For the annually and monthly matched case, we demonstrate that baseload operation of the electrolysis leads to using fossil-fuelled generation from the grid for some hours, resulting in higher emissions than the case without hydrogen demand. In the hourly matched case, hydrogen production does not increase system-level emissions, but baseload operation results in high costs for providing constant supply if only wind, solar and short-term battery storage are available. Flexible operation or buffering hydrogen with storage, either in steel tanks or underground caverns, reduces the cost penalty of hourly versus annual matching to 7%–8%. Hydrogen production with monthly matching can reduce system emissions if the electrolysers operate flexibly or the renewable generation share is large. The largest emission reduction is achieved with hourly matching when surplus electricity generation can be sold to the grid. We conclude that flexible operation of the electrolysis should be supported to guarantee low emissions and low hydrogen production costs.
Corticocortical connections of the rostral forelimb area in rats: a quantitative tract-tracing study
Authors: Urban III Edward T , Hudson Heather M , Li Yanming , Nishibe Mariko , Barbay Scott , Guggenmos David J , Nudo Randolph J 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The rostral forelimb area (RFA) in the rat is a premotor cortical region based on its dense efferent projections to primary motor cortex. This study describes corticocortical connections of RFA and the relative strength of connections with other cortical areas. The goal was to provide a better understanding of the cortical network in which RFA participates, and thus, determine its function in sensorimotor behavior. The RFA of adult male Long-Evans rats (n = 6) was identified using intracortical microstimulation techniques and injected with the tract-tracer, biotinylated dextran amine (BDA). In post-mortem tissue, locations of BDA-labeled terminal boutons and neuronal somata were plotted and superimposed on cortical field boundaries. Quantitative estimates of terminal boutons in each region of interest were based on unbiased stereological methods. The results demonstrate that RFA has dense connections with primary motor cortex and frontal cortex medial and lateral to RFA. Moderate connections were found with insular cortex, primary somatosensory cortex (S1), the M1/S1 overlap zone, and lateral somatosensory areas. Cortical connections of RFA in rat are strikingly similar to cortical connections of the ventral premotor cortex in non-human primates, suggesting that these areas share similar functions and allow greater translation of rodent premotor cortex studies to primates.
OP02 IL23R-CAR-Tregs: creating a therapeutic breakthrough for Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Cui Y , Boulakirba S , David M , Bouchareychas L , Rouquier S , Sajuthi S , Ayrault M , Navarin C , Lafon A , Lara G , Menardi A , Saviane G , Dumont C , Abel T , Fenard D , Lu H , de la Rosa M , Gertner-Dardenne J 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are key immunomodulators to maintain immune homeostasis and self-tolerance, including in the intestine. Disrupted immune homeostasis is associated with Crohn’s Disease (CD) pathogenesis. As a living drug, Treg therapy is a promising treatment for restoring immune balance and achieving durable tissue tolerance in the diseased intestine. By targeting a disease-relevant protein, Interleukin-23 receptor (IL23R), we engineered Tregs expressing IL23R-chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) to create IL23R-CAR-Tregs for treating CD.

Methods
IL23R protein expression in CD intestine was verified by immunohistochemical analysis. Tonic signaling and CAR-specific activation were quantified during the IL23R-CAR screening. The IL23R-CAR-Treg phenotype was assessed by monitoring the expression of FoxP3 and Helios transcription factors, and the demethylation status of FoxP3 Treg-specific demethylated region (TSDR). The suppressive function of IL23R-CAR-Tregs was evaluated using in vitro assays and a colitis mouse model. The functionality of IL23R-CAR-Tregs were further assessed using intestinal biopsy-derived cells from CD patients in an in vitro activation assay. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses were performed to associate molecular profiles with IL23R-CAR-Treg activation.

Results
Our highly potent IL23R-CAR lead candidate displays negligible tonic signalling and a strong signal-to-noise ratio. The resulting IL23R-CAR-Tregs maintain their regulatory phenotype with high FoxP3 and Helios expression and TSDR demethylation during in vitro expansion, CAR-specific stimulation, and in the presence of proinflammatory cytokines. In accordance with their regulatory phenotype, IL23R-CAR-Tregs exhibit CAR-dependent suppressive activity, promote a tolerogenic environment, and protect mice from colitis. The expression of IL23R was also confirmed in the intestinal mucosa from CD patients. Importantly, IL23R-CAR-Tregs elicit activation following exposure to intestinal biopsy-derived cells from CD, demonstrating the engagement and potency of IL23R-CAR towards their target in CD. We also identified molecular profiles that correlated with IL23R-CAR activation and, more broadly, showed their potential to monitor IL23R-CAR-Treg activity in CD patients.

Conclusion
Our results demonstrate that an IL23R-CAR-Treg product could be a promising therapy for CD patients, with the potential long-term benefits of immune tolerance.
OP18 Efficacy and safety of darvadstrocel treatment in patients with complex perianal fistulas and Crohn’s Disease: results from the global ADMIRE-CD II phase 3 study
Authors: Serclova Z , Garcia-Olmo D , Chen S T , Wexner S , Panés J , Wu C , Fleshner P , Zhang B , Colombel J F , Song M , McKay C , Nazarey P , Wright E , Raffals L 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Complex perianal fistulas are a serious complication in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). Darvadstrocel (DVS), a suspension of expanded adult allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, is approved in Europe and Japan for treatment of complex Crohn’s perianal fistulas (CPF). The global ADMIRE-CD II phase 3 randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study evaluated the efficacy and safety of DVS for treatment of complex CPF.

Methods
Patients aged 18–75 years with clinically controlled, inactive or mildly active CD and complex CPF (≤2 internal openings [IO] and ≤3 external openings [EOs]) who had an inadequate, or a loss of response to immunosuppressive agents or biologics were included. Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive a local injection of DVS as a single dose (120 x 106 cells/24 mL) or placebo. In all patients, fistula preconditioning included vigorous curettage and seton placement 2–3 weeks before treatment, and seton removal, a further curettage and closure of IOs immediately before treatment. The primary endpoint was combined remission (closure of all treated EOs that were draining at baseline, despite gentle finger compression, and absence of collections &gt;2 cm confirmed by MRI) at 24 weeks. Secondary endpoints included combined remission at 52 weeks, clinical remission (closure of all treated EOs without MRI confirmation) at 24 and 52 weeks, and time to clinical remission at 24 weeks. Safety was monitored up to 52 weeks.

Results
From 19 Oct 2017 to 26 Jul 2023, 568 patients received DVS (n = 283) or placebo (n = 285) with fistula preconditioning; 56.3% of patients enrolled in Europe and Israel, and 43.7% in North America. Mean (SD) age, sex and race were similar in the DVS and placebo arms (38.4 [11.9] vs 37.7 [10.8] years; 42.8% vs 45.6% female; 85.9% vs 89.1% White). Combined remission rates at 24 weeks did not statistically differ between treatments (48.8% DVS vs 46.3% placebo) and there were no differences in secondary endpoints (Table 1; Figure 1). Based on health authority guidelines, post hoc analyses of patients randomized before COVID-19 (11 March 2020; n = 141 DVS, n = 143 placebo) were performed: combined remission rates at 24 weeks were 46.8% (DVS) and 38.5% (placebo). The safety profile for DVS was consistent with prior studies with no new safety signals (Table 1).

Conclusion
The efficacy outcomes assessed did not statistically differ between DVS and placebo, and the placebo response rate (with fistula preconditioning) was higher than expected. Post hoc analyses revealed lower placebo response rates in patients randomized before COVID-19 (similar to the pivotal ADMIRE CD I study) than the overall placebo arm. DVS was well tolerated.