bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Drying and Storage on Anthocyanin Content and Antioxidant Activity in Hibiscus Tea Infusions
Authors: S.P Thamaraiselvi, , Karthikeyan S. , Ganga M. , Visalakshi M. , Fernandaz C. Cinthia , Sivakumar V. , Padmadevi K. 
Published: January 2025

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is one of the traditional flowers used in tropics for ornamental gardens and for its curative health benefits. All parts of hibiscus are reported to possess significant medicinal values and the flowers especially are rich source of anthocyanin pigments. Anthocyanins serve as natural food colourants and also contribute to health benefits as a rich source of antioxidants. The major anthocyanin present in the red flowers of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is cyanidin-3-sophoroside (Lowry, 1976). Investigations were carried out to explore the drying method of petals, antioxidant potential and nutritional benefits of hibiscus floral tea and squash from the cv. Red single of hibiscus. The hibiscus petals were subjected to drying by three different methods such as shade, sun and oven. It was observed that highest recovery of dried petals (19.66 %) and anthocyanin content (59.05 mg/l) was attained by shade drying of petals. The dried flower petals were quantified for cyanidin-3-glucoside using HPLC. In another experiment, tea infusions prepared from Green tea, Hibiscus tea and their combination proved significance and highest anthocyanin content was registered in freshly prepared Hibiscus tea (72.13 c3g eq.mg/l). However, highest ABTS (249.19 μg/ml), DPPH radical scavenging activity (733.22 μg/ml) in terms of IC50 values, highest total phenol content (82.57 mg GAE/g) and high organoleptic scoring were recorded in freshly prepared Green tea + Hibiscus tea [1:1]. The tea samples were tested for their qualities by storing upto 90 days. The above investigation proved the potential uses and anti-oxidant benefits of hibiscus petals in the preparation of hibiscus tea infusions.
Tiered Physician Network Plans and Patient Choices of Specialist Physicians
Authors: Prager Elena , Curto Vilsa E. , Magyari Alexa , Gaye Marema , Sinaiko Anna D. 
Published: November 2023

ImportanceTiered physician network (TPN) health plans sort physicians into tiers based on their cost and quality, and patients pay lower copays for visits with physicians in the lower-cost and better-quality tiers. When the plans are first introduced, they lead patients to seek care from higher-value physicians.ObjectivesTo examine whether TPNs are associated with patient choice of physician when the plans have been in place for 8 to 12 years and whether there are inequities in patient out-of-pocket costs associated with inequities in access to physicians in lower-copay tiers.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study comprising 46 645 physicians and 585 399 patients in TPNs, including 54 683 patients who had a new patient visit with a physician in a TPN, used health insurance claims data from a large employer purchaser from July 1, 2014, to June 30, 2019. Statistical analysis was performed from November 2020 to August 2023.ExposureEvaluation and management visit with a physician in a TPN.Main Outcomes and MeasuresMain outcomes were new patient market share per physician–carrier–zip code–year, distance from centroid of patient zip code to centroid of zip code of nearest low- or medium-copay physician, and mean TPN physician office visit copay per patient. A regression discontinuity design was used to estimate the association of a physician’s tier ranking, and a difference-in-differences analysis was used to estimate the association of copayment differences across tiers with market share among new patients. Equity in access was measured by comparing travel distance to the nearest physician in a low-copay or medium-copay tier and mean copayments across patient incomes.ResultsThe main analysis sample included 46 645 physician–carrier–zip code–year observations, 9506 (20.4%) of which were in the low-copay tier, 31 798 (68.2%) in the medium-copay tier, and 5341 (11.5%) in the high-copay tier. The 54 683 new patients in the sample had a mean (SD) age of 46.4 (16.7) years and included 33 542 women (61.3%). There was no association of having a worse tier ranking (0.045 percentage points [95% CI, −0.058 to 0.148 percentage points]) or of copayment differences between tiers (0.001 percentage points [95% CI, −0.002 to 0.004 percentage points]) with physician market share among new patients. The patients with the lowest income paid slightly lower mean (SD) copayments for office visits to a TPN physician than the patients with high income ($48.08 [$16.42] vs $51.59 [$16.79], a 6.8% difference).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study of TPN health plans, there was no association between physician tier ranking and physician market share among any group of patients. These findings suggest there are limitations in TPNs’ steering of patients toward high-value physicians. These plans were not associated with exacerbated health inequity in this setting.
Global Stage Distribution of Breast Cancer at Diagnosis
Authors: Benitez Fuentes Javier David , Morgan Eileen , de Luna Aguilar Alicia , Mafra Allini , Shah Richa , Giusti Francesco , Vignat Jérôme , Znaor Ariana , Musetti Carina , Yip Cheng-Har , Van Eycken Liesbet , Jedy-Agba Elima , Piñeros Marion , Soerjomataram Isabelle 
Published: November 2023

ImportanceStage at diagnosis is a key prognostic factor for cancer survival.ObjectiveTo assess the global distribution of breast cancer stage by country, age group, calendar period, and socioeconomic status using population-based data.Data SourcesA systematic search of MEDLINE and Web of Science databases and registry websites and gray literature was conducted for articles or reports published between January 1, 2000, and June 20, 2022.Study SelectionReports on stage at diagnosis for individuals with primary breast cancer (C50) from a population-based cancer registry were included.Data Extraction and SynthesisStudy characteristics and results of eligible studies were independently extracted by 2 pairs of reviewers (J.D.B.F., A.D.A., A.M., R.S., and F.G.). Stage-specific proportions were extracted and cancer registry data quality and risk of bias were assessed. National pooled estimates were calculated for subnational or annual data sets using a hierarchical rule of the most relevant and high-quality data to avoid duplicates.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe proportion of women with breast cancer by (TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors or the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program [SEER]) stage group.ResultsData were available for 2.4 million women with breast cancer from 81 countries. Globally, the proportion of cases with distant metastatic breast cancer at diagnosis was high in sub-Saharan Africa, ranging from 5.6% to 30.6% and low in North America ranging from 0.0% to 6.0%. The proportion of patients diagnosed with distant metastatic disease decreased over the past 2 decades from around 3.8% to 35.8% (early 2000s) to 3.2% to 11.6% (2015 onwards), yet stabilization or slight increases were also observed. Older age and lower socioeconomic status had the largest proportion of cases diagnosed with distant metastatic stage ranging from 2.0% to 15.7% among the younger to 4.1% to 33.9% among the oldest age group, and from 1.7% to 8.3% in the least disadvantaged groups to 2.8% to 11.4% in the most disadvantaged groups.Conclusions and RelevanceEffective policy and interventions have resulted in decreased proportions of women diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer at diagnosis in high-income countries, yet inequality persists, which needs to be addressed through increased awareness of breast cancer symptoms and early detection. Improving global coverage and quality of population-based cancer registries, including the collection of standardized stage data, is key to monitoring progress.
Essentially unedited deep‐learning‐based OARs are suitable for rigorous oropharyngeal and laryngeal cancer treatment planning
Authors: Koo Jihye , Caudell Jimmy , Latifi Kujtim , Moros Eduardo G. , Feygelman Vladimir 
Published: November 2023

AbstractQuality of organ at risk (OAR) autosegmentation is often judged by concordance metrics against the human‐generated gold standard. However, the ultimate goal is the ability to use unedited autosegmented OARs in treatment planning, while maintaining the plan quality. We tested this approach with head and neck (HN) OARs generated by a prototype deep‐learning (DL) model on patients previously treated for oropharyngeal and laryngeal cancer. Forty patients were selected, with all structures delineated by an experienced physician. For each patient, a set of 13 OARs were generated by the DL model. Each patient was re‐planned based on original targets and unedited DL‐produced OARs. The new dose distributions were then applied back to the manually delineated structures. The target coverage was evaluated with inhomogeneity index (II) and the relative volume of regret. For the OARs, Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of areas under the DVH curves, individual DVH objectives, and composite continuous plan quality metric (PQM) were compared. The nearly identical primary target coverage for the original and re‐generated plans was achieved, with the same II and relative volume of regret values. The average DSC of the areas under the corresponding pairs of DVH curves was 0.97 ± 0.06. The number of critical DVH points which met the clinical objectives with the dose optimized on autosegmented structures but failed when evaluated on the manual ones was 5 of 896 (0.6%). The average OAR PQM score with the re‐planned dose distributions was essentially the same when evaluated either on the autosegmented or manual OARs. Thus, rigorous HN treatment planning is possible with OARs segmented by a prototype DL algorithm with minimal, if any, manual editing.
Ultra‐Stable Breathing Anode for Li‐Free All‐Solid‐State Battery Based on Li Concentration Gradient in Magnesium Particles
Authors: Jun Dayoung , Park Se Hwan , Jung Ji Eun , Lee Seong Gyu , Kim Kyu Seok , Kim Ji Young , Bae Ki Yoon , Son Samick , Lee Yun Jung 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe alloying behavior of Li‐alloy‐forming metals in the anode of all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) critically affects the viscoplastic flow and deposition of Li, determining cell performance. Herein, an ultra‐stable breathing Mg anode for Li‐free ASSBs is reported with changes in the inter‐particle distance of the Mg particles during operation. It is proposed that this unique Li deposition between Mg particles is derived from the Li concentration gradient (LCG) from the surface to the core of the Mg particle, creating a driving force that attracts Li toward the low‐concentration side and Li accumulation followed by deposition on the Mg surface. Based on a comparative study of Li‐alloy‐forming metals with different alloying and diffusion kinetics, this study ascribes the LCG to the slow alloying kinetics of Mg with Li and slow Li diffusion through the Mg–Li alloys. Interfacial stability is secured by accommodating Li deposits uniformly inside the anode. A full cell with a LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 cathode exhibits ultrahigh stability and reversibility with Coulombic efficiency over 99.9% for 1000 cycles at 30 °C.
Electronic Synapses Enabled by an Epitaxial SrTiO3‐δ/ Hf0.5Zr0.5O2Ferroelectric Field‐Effect Memristor Integrated on Silicon
Authors: Siannas Nikitas , Zacharaki Christina , Tsipas Polychronis , Kim Dong Jik , Hamouda Wassim , Istrate Cosmin , Pintilie Lucian , Schmidbauer Martin , Dubourdieu Catherine , Dimoulas Athanasios 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSynapses play a vital role in information processing, learning, and memory formation in the brain. By emulating the behavior of biological synapses, electronic synaptic devices hold the promise of enabling high‐performance, energy‐efficient, and scalable neuromorphic computing. Ferroelectric memristive devices integrate the characteristics of both ferroelectric and memristive materials and present a far‐reaching potential as artificial synapses. Here, it is reported on a new ferroelectric device on silicon, a field‐effect memristor, consisting of an epitaxial ultrathin ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2film sandwiched between an epitaxial highly doped oxide semiconductor SrTiO3‐δand a top metal. Upon a low voltage of less than 2 V, the field‐effect modulation in the semiconductor enables to access multiple states. The device works in a large time domain ranging from milliseconds down to tens of nanoseconds. By gradually switching the polarization by identical pulses, the ferroelectric diode devices can dynamically adjust the synaptic strength to mimic short‐ and long‐term memory plasticity. Ionic contributions due to redox processes in the oxide semiconductor beneficially influence the device operation and retention.
All‐Inorganic Polyoxometalates Act as Superchaotropic Membrane Carriers
Authors: Barba‐Bon Andrea , Gumerova Nadiia I. , Tanuhadi Elias , Ashjari Maryam , Chen Yao , Rompel Annette , Nau Werner M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPolyoxometalates (POMs) are known antitumoral, antibacterial, antiviral, and anticancer agents and considered as next‐generation metallodrugs. Herein, a new biological functionality in neutral physiological media, where selected mixed‐metal POMs are sufficiently stable and able to affect membrane transport of impermeable, hydrophilic, and cationic peptides (heptaarginine, heptalysine, protamine, and polyarginine) is reported. The uptake is observed in both, model membranes as well as cells, and attributed to the superchaotropic properties of the polyoxoanions. In view of the structural diversity of POMs these findings pave the way toward their biomedical application in drug delivery or for cell‐biological uptake studies with biological effector molecules or staining agents.
Molecular Oxygen‐Induced Transamidation of Unactivated Amides in Diethyl Carbonate in the Presence of a Palladium Catalyst
Authors: Urgoitia Garazi , Obieta Maria , Herrero Maria Teresa , Lezama Luis , SanMartin Raul 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHerein we disclose a palladium‐catalyzed procedure for the transamidation of structurally diverse amides with amines based on the use of molecular oxygen as palladium‐activating agent. The reaction, which is scalable and amenable for the preparation of enantioenriched compounds, is carried out in a bio‐degradable solvent often used as a fuel additive, diethyl carbonate. As a result of the 10−4 mol% of catalyst required, final products are isolated containing palladium impurities in a concentration of 0.1 ppm. Two kinetically different mechanistic pathways are proposed for this reaction on account of a number of experiments such as kinetic curves, TEM images, catalyst poisoning experiments, UPLC‐ESI‐MS identification of intermediates and EPR spectra of reaction crude.
Insight into catalytic cracking pathways of n‐pentane over bifunctional catalysts to produce light olefins
Authors: Zhang Xinyang , Li Yue , Lu Jiarong , Hu Yuhang , Chen Junfeng , Ren Delun , Li Ze , Zhang Qingchao , Yan Hao , Chen Xiaobo , Liu Yibin , Yang Chaohe 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRevealing the reaction mechanism to guide the industrial production of targeted products still remains a grand challenge for catalytic cracking of light alkanes to olefins over metal‐acid bifunctional catalyst. Herein, we systematically investigated the reaction mechanism of n‐pentane cracking on the Ag/ZSM‐5 bifunctional catalyst featuring both dehydrogenation and cracking capabilities. Specifically, overall cracking network of n‐pentane was comprehensively constructed to show the roles of metal dehydrogenation sites and acid sites respectively, in which metal Ag could substitute the H of the Brønsted acid site to form the Al–O–Ag linkage with enhanced adsorption and activation of n‐pentane, while Brønsted acid site with weak acid strength relay to promote cracking reaction. Thanks to this synergy of the two active sites, the apparent activation energy of n‐pentane cracking to light olefins was decreased from 82.77 KJ/mol to 68.26 KJ/mol and the proportion of specific path (C5H12 → H2 + C5H10) in n‐pentane monomolecular cracking reaction increased from 14.62% to 69.24%. In addition, 0.57Ag/ZSM‐5 catalyst exhibited the conversion of n‐pentane up to 67.55 wt%, which improved the performance of the parent ZSM‐5 by 13.42 wt%. These analysis results of reaction mechanism may provide some insights for the rational design of catalysts and the full utilization of petrochemical resources.
Convex optimization approach to design sensor networks using information theoretic measures
Authors: M Arjun , Magbool Jan Nabil 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAccurate and precise estimation of process variables is key to effective process monitoring. The estimation accuracy depends on the choice of the sensor network. Therefore, the article aims at developing convex optimization formulations for designing the optimal sensor network using information‐theoretic measures in linear steady‐state data reconciliation. To this end, the estimation errors are characterized by a multivariate Gaussian distribution, and thus the analytical form for entropy and Kullback–Leibler divergences (forward, reverse, and symmetric) of estimation errors can be obtained to formulate the optimal sensor network design. The proposed information theoretic‐based optimal sensor selection problems are shown to be integer semi‐definite programming problems where the relaxation of binary decision variables results in solving a convex optimization problem. Thus, we use a branch and bound method to obtain a globally optimal sensor network design. Demonstrative case studies are presented to illustrate the efficacy of the proposed optimal sensor selection formulations.
Elucidating dechlorination of waste polyvinyl chloride under high‐temperature catalytic hydrothermal treatment
Authors: Ghalandari Vahab , Scannell Adam , Reza Toufiq 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study focused on evaluating the reduction of chlorine content in waste polyvinyl chloride (WPVC) through high‐temperature catalytic hydrothermal treatment (HTT). Catalytic HTT experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of noble metal catalysts (Ru/C, Pt/C, and Pd/C), residence time (0.5, 1, 2, and, 4 h), reaction temperature (300, 325, and 350°C), and catalyst loading (0, 5, and 10 wt%). The findings indicated that dechlorination efficiency can be achieved by 99.01% at 350°C and 1 h, with 10 wt% Pd/C loading. Based on chlorine balance, the chlorine content of the solid phase significantly decreased from 568.8 to 5.64 g kg−1 at the same condition. The catalytic HTT solid residue ash has low chlorine content under most operational conditions. These results suggest that catalytic HTT is an effective method to dechlorinate WPVC as a high‐halogenated waste plastic in order to reduce its harmful effect on the environment.
Atomically dispersed Pt to boost adjacent frustrated Lewis pair for 2,6‐diamino‐3,5‐dinitropyridine hydrogenation
Authors: Yao Chang , Li Wenhua , Li Yurou , Cao Yueqiang , Zhang Jing , Qian Gang , Zhou Xinggui , Duan Xuezhi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAchieving atomic‐level control over local environment of metal oxide to boost catalytic activity is challenging yet significant for heterogeneous hydrogenations. Herein, we propose anchoring atomically dispersed Pt species onto indium oxide using a precisely conditioned atomic layer deposition (ALD) technology to manipulate the local electronic properties of In2O3 toward enhanced hydrogenation of 2,6‐diamino‐3,5‐dinitropyridine (DADNP) to 2,3,5,6‐tetraaminopyridine (TAP). Experimental and theoretical studies unravel that the isolated Pt atoms localize the electron density surrounding them and thus activate the adjacent frustrated Lewis pair for hydrogen activation. In addition, the adsorption of DADNP is enhanced by such regulation, while that of TAP is suppressed on the Pt1‐In2O3 catalyst. The as‐synthesized Pt1‐In2O3 catalyst thus exhibits 91.7% of TAP selectivity at 100% conversion of DADNP, demonstrating remarkably improved catalytic performances as compared with the In2O3 catalyst for DADNP hydrogenation.
2D MOF with multifunctionalized catalytic sites for one‐pot tandem synthesis of cyclic carbonates from olefins and CO2
Authors: Yu Yi , Feng Xuan , Xie Zhuohang , Wu Ying , Xi Hongxia 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOne‐pot tandem synthesis of cyclic carbonates from olefins and CO2 is becoming one of the most potential strategies to fix CO2 and yield high value chemicals. However, this reaction route is in need of high performing catalysts with multifunctionalized catalytic sites in single material which is still a big challenge in one‐pot community. In this term, we combined dimension reduction and surface modification strategies to fabricate a MOF/metal complex composite, that is, Zr‐BTB/PA‐Co. In this composite, the increased Lewis base sites is capable of boosting the adsorption and activation of CO2, which further acted as nucleophilic groups to activate epoxides, while the 2D matrix offered accessible intrinsic Lewis acid sites. These advantages synergistically led to superior catalytic performance of Zr‐BTB/PA‐Co for catalyzing one‐pot reaction of olefins and CO2 under mild conditions (80°C, 1 bar, 12 h and co‐catalyst/solvent free), and even impressive catalytic activity when using CO2 directly from air.
Ionization‐engineered two‐dimensional confined channels in GO membranes for highly efficient OH− separation
Authors: Li Yong , Jia Rui , Tan Ruonan , Hong Ziqiang , Gu Jingjing , Cui Peng , Zhang Suixin , Shao Hongwei , Ran Jin , Fu Cen‐Feng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOH− sieving membranes provide a valuable means for treating alkaline effluents but their development presents several challenges. In this study, the concept of ionization engineering is applied to two‐dimensional (2D) laminated membranes to facilitate OH− separation. This concept is demonstrated through the stacking of the self‐designed sulfonated graphene oxide (SGO) nanosheets to fabricate 2D membranes. The SGO membranes enhance synergistically the OH− dialysis coefficients and separation factors when treating simulated NaOH/Na2WO4 alkaline wastewater, compared with the performance of 2D GO membranes and commonly adopted polymeric cation exchange membranes. Furthermore, the separation factor achieved by the SGO membranes is considerably higher than that of most of the existing alkali recovery membranes. Results of molecular dynamics simulations indicate that the high efficiency of OH− separation in the 2D SGO confined channels is attributable to dehydration effects and intensified electrostatic repulsion. Overall, this research provides an alternative strategy for achieving rapid OH− sieving through the ionization of 2D confined channels.