bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in thyroid function after bone marrow transplant in young patients
Authors: Matsumoto Masae , Ishiguro Hiroyuki , Tomita Yuichirou , Inoue Hiroyasu , Yasuda Yukiharu , Shimizu Takashi , Shinagawa Tsuyoshi , Hattori Kinya , Yabe Hiromasa , Kubota Chidori , Yabe Miharu , Kato Shunichi , Shinohara Osamu 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
Background
: Changes in thyroid function among young patients who received bone marrow transplantation (BMT) were evaluated.
Methods
: The study included 91 patients (50 males) who underwent BMT from 1985 to 1995 at the age of 0.6−21 years. Sixty patients had neoplastic disease such as leukemia or lymphoma, and the remainder had non‐neoplastic diseases. Preconditioning regimen for BMT included 12 Gy of fractionated‐total body irradiation (TBI) for patients with neoplastic disease and 3−8 Gy of irradiation for the remaining patients, in addition to chemotherapy. Evaluation of thyroid function was performed by serial assessment of basal serum FT4, FT3, TSH concentrations as well as by TRH test.
Results
: No patient had overt hypothyroidism or elevated basal TSH concentrations (>10 mU/L). However, 6 (7%) of patients experienced exaggerated peak TSH response to TRH stimulation several years after BMT. In 33 patients whose thyroid status was evaluated before, within 3 months, and 1 year after BMT, serum FT3 concentrations as well as peak TSH response to TRH stimulation significantly decreased immediately after BMT (<3 months) and normalized within 1 year. However, serum FT4 concentrations did not change significantly. One patient developed primary hypothyroidism and another developed follicular adenoma of the thyroid 5 and 12 years after BMT, respectively.
Conclusion
: Short‐term changes in thyroid function after BMT can indicate euthyroid sick syndrome rather than tertiary hypothyroidism. It must be noted that overt hypothyroidism may occur several years after BMT, hence long‐term follow‐up of thyroid function is warranted.
Distinct properties of presynaptic group II and III metabotropic glutamate receptor‐mediated inhibition of perforant pathway–CA1 EPSCs
Authors: Capogna Marco 
Published: May 2004

AbstractI have compared the effects of group II or III metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) activation on monosynaptic excitatory responses recorded intracellularly from CA1 pyramidal neurons of rat hippocampus and evoked by perforant pathway stimulation in vitro. The excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) were reduced either by the group II mGluR agonist LY354740 (500 nm, 31 ± 6% of control) or by the group III agonist L‐AP4 (400 µm, 53 ± 5% of control). Both drugs enhanced EPSC paired‐pulse facilitation (range 125–189% of control). These effects were blocked by the broad‐spectrum mGluR antagonist LY341495 (1 or 20 µm) which when applied alone did not significantly change the EPSCs elicited at low (0.1–0.2 Hz) or higher (1–100 Hz) frequency of stimulation. Prior reduction of the EPSCs induced by L‐AP4 did not occlude the subsequent inhibition elicited by LY354740. The effect of LY354740, but not that of L‐AP4, was blocked in the presence of the cAMP analogue Sp‐cAMPS (20 µm) and with the K+ channel antagonist α‐dendrotoxin (125 nm). In contrast, the effect of L‐AP4, but not that of LY354740, was prevented by the calmodulin inhibitor ophiobolin A (25 µm) and with the N‐type Ca2+ channel antagonist ω‐conotoxin‐GVIA (1 µm). In the presence of the P/Q type Ca2+ channel antagonist ω‐agatoxin‐IVA (400 nm), the EPSCs were depressed either by LY354740 or by L‐AP4. Groups II and III mGluRs are segregated at the presynaptic terminal, and there are distinct differences between the properties of the presynaptic inhibition mediated by these two groups of receptors.
Persistent sodium current in subicular neurons isolated from patients with temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Vreugdenhil Martin , Hoogland Govert , Van Veelen Cornelis W. M. , Wadman Wytse J. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe persistent sodium current is a common target of anti‐epileptic drugs and contributes to burst firing. Intrinsically burst firing subicular neurons are involved in the generation and spread of epileptic activity. We measured whole‐cell sodium currents in pyramidal neurons isolated from the subiculum resected in drug‐resistant epileptic patients and in rats. In half of the cells from both patients and rats, the sodium current inactivated within 500 ms at −30 mV. Others displayed a tetrodotoxin‐sensitive slowly or non‐inactivating sodium current of up to 53% of the total sodium current amplitude. Compared with the transient sodium current in the same cells, this persistent sodium current activated with normal kinetics but its voltage‐dependent activation occurred 7 mV more hyperpolarized. Depolarizing voltage steps that lasted 10 s completely inactivated the persistent sodium current. Its voltage dependence did not differ from that of the transient sodium current but its slope was less steep. The voltage dependence and kinetics of the persistent sodium current in cells from patients were not different from that in subicular cells from rats. The current density and the relative amplitude contribution were 3–4 times greater in neurons from drug‐resistant epilepsy patients. The abundant presence of persistent sodium current in half of the subicular neurons could lead to a larger number of neurons with intrinsic burst firing. The extraordinarily large amplitude of the persistent sodium current in this subset of subicular neurons might explain why these patients are susceptible to seizures and hard to treat pharmacologically.
Revisiting Jung's concept of innate sensitiveness
Authors: Aron Elaine N. 
Published: May 2004

Abstract:  Jung suggested that innate sensitiveness predisposes some individuals to be particularly affected by negative childhood experiences, so that later, when under pressure to adapt to some challenge, they retreat into infantile fantasies based on those experiences and become neurotic. Recent research by the author and others is reviewed to support Jung's theory of sensitiveness as a distinctly thorough conscious and unconscious reflection on experiences. Indeed, this probably innate tendency is found in about twenty percent of humans, and, in a sense, in most species, in that about this percentage will evidence a strategy of thoroughly processing information before taking action, while the majority depend on efficient, rapid motor activity. Given this thorough processing, sensitive individuals readily detect subtleties—including whatever is distressing or threatening. Hence, as Jung observed, given the same degree of stress in childhood as non‐sensitive individuals, sensitive persons will develop more depression, anxiety, and shyness. Without undue stress, they evidence no more of these difficulties than the non‐sensitive—or even less, being unusually aware of supportive as well as negative cues from caregivers. Given this interaction, one treatment task is to distinguish the effects of such childhood difficulties from what does not need treatment, which are the typical effects of the trait itself on an adult without a troubled developmental history.
Sabina Spielrein: a bibliography
Authors: Allain‐Dupré Brigitte 
Published: May 2004

The work on this bibliography was carried out mostly in 2002. Though it aims at being exhaustive, the research in different languages and translations may not have yielded every document and some may still be unknown to me. It is also likely that more material have been translated since. Besides, the Spanish and Brazilian‐Portuguese literature has not been researched. This is why this bibliography must be considered as a ‘work in progress’ which any addition can only enrich.Victor Ovcharenko has made a list of the writings of Sabina Spielrein starting with 1911, the year of her medical thesis in Zürich, and covering the years to 1931. He points out, however, that between the date of the last paper that she is known to have written and her death in 1942, there are eleven years and that it would be truly astonishing if she had neither written nor published anything during that period. Up to this date no document by her during that time has been found (Journal of Analytical Psychology, 44, 3, 1999).
Feminist Discourse on Sex Screening and Selective Abortion of Female Foetuses
Authors: Moazam Farhat 
Published: May 2004

ABSTRACTAlthough a preference for sons is reportedly a universal phenomenon, in some Asian societies daughters are considered financial and cultural liabilities. Increasing availability of ultrasonography and amniocentesis has led to widespread gender screening and selective abortion of normal female foetuses in many countries, including India. Feminists have taken widely divergent positions on the morality of this practice. Feminists from India have strongly opposed it, considering it as a further disenfranchisement of females in their patriarchal society, and have agitated successfully for legislative prohibitions. Libertarian feminists on the other hand, primarily from the United States, have argued that any prohibition of the use of this technology is a curtailment of a woman's reproductive choices and a violation of her right to make autonomous decisions regarding procreation.Using India as an illustrative case, this paper argues that in the context of what prevails in some societies, an ethical argument that hinges on the principle of autonomy as understood in the West can be problematic. Furthermore, a liberal theoretical assumption that it is always better to have more rather than fewer choices may not hold up well against the realities of life for such women. Although feminists have little disagreement concerning substantive matters, it is in the area of strategy that differences of opinion have arisen, their moral reasoning and responses shaped by the culture, ethnicity, class and race to which they belong. A view that a single ‘orthodox’ feminism of any variety can embody the aspiration of all women reverts to the problematic issues in the evolution of the rationalistic, individualistic, ‘male’ ethics against which women have consistently raised objections.
To Strengthen Consensus, Consult the Stakeholders
Authors: Macpherson Cheryl Cox 
Published: May 2004

ABSTRACTCIOMS has been criticised for not adequately consulting stakeholders about its revised ethical guidelines regarding medical research. Political and logistical issues that arise in democratic processes and open exchange of information probably contributed to this exclusion. What might CIOMS have done to be more inclusive and attain broader consensus on its proposed revisions? Consensus is dynamic, and evolves as a community digests new information and perspectives. Engaging the public (and particularly the stakeholders) in discussion about the revisions would have generated broader consensus. It would have encouraged more stakeholders (i.e. researchers, potential research participants, research institutions, or governments) to buy in. CIOMS needs a process to encourage dialogue and stakeholder input. The CIOMS guidelines themselves promote stakeholder consultation and capacity building, but CIOMS has done relatively little to distribute or promote its own guidelines. CIOMS should do more to promote its revised guidelines, and engage stakeholders in dialogue. This paper explores the bioethics debate about universal and relative values to illustrate the value of consultation and consensus building. It concludes that like research sponsors, CIOMS and similar organisations have an ethical responsibility to facilitate capacity building in less developed areas, and to participate more actively in consensus building.
The Economic Agenda: a View from the US
Authors: Boskin Michael 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe paper surveys the agenda needed to restore noninflationary growth in industrial countries. The role of fiscal policy as short‐run stimulus both on the spending side and on the tax side is discussed. The author comments on trade, specifically the new trade round, and international finance. Long‐run fiscal imbalances due to aging are analyzed. The role of fiscal institutions such as the European Growth and Stability Pact, the Japanese bad‐loan problem, and structural problems are put into the perspective that advanced economies should nurture their reforms globally so as to provide successful examples of reforms and prove helpful trading partners.
The Economic Agenda: a View from Europe
Authors: Aiginger Karl 
Published: May 2004

AbstractOver the course of the 1990s, the US outperformed Europe not only in output growth, but also in productivity and employment generation, thereby stopping Europe's decade‐long period of catching up. The author shows that the growth difference originates at least partly from insufficient investment by Europe into the determinants of long‐run growth (research, education, and the diffusion of new technologies). Northern European countries with comprehensive welfare systems performed better than the big economies in continental Europe, owing to their timely realization that these costly systems require the highest possible levels of productivity and fast growth. The European agenda for the next decade is based on this analysis. It stresses the importance of accelerating economic growth, primarily through investment into growth drivers. Labor market reforms are necessary, as is the redefinition of macroeconomic policy, a regional policy adequate for European enlargement, and reforms in the public sector. Distributional and ecological issues are also on the agenda, even though Europe outperforms the US in these fields, as is reflective of European preferences.
A Personal Agenda for the Next Decade
Authors: Arrow Kenneth J. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe paper sets a broad agenda touching several areas of policy. It starts from the least likely policy at this point of time, the use of the tax system for redistribution. It discusses prudent macroeconomic coordination without the strings of the Maastricht Treaty in business troughs. Regulation of financial markets, agricultural policies, and health issues are coming up on a desirable agenda of the United States, but are probably important for all countries, as are social security policy and climate change.
The EU Growth Strategy and the Impact of Aging
Authors: Pichelmann Karl , Roeger Werner 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe paper looks at the main challenges to raise potential growth in the EU. It examines recent progress made regarding the structural reform efforts in EU product, labor, and financial markets, and it attempts to assess their impact on overall macroeconomic performance in terms of output and (un‐)employment. The paper then proceeds to analyze the likely consequences of population aging for the growth rate of potential output and per capita incomes, emphasizing the fairly dramatic economic and budgetary implications of the decline in the EU's working‐age population if governments do not take offsetting policy actions.
Productivity Growth, the New Economy, and Catching Up
Authors: Eichengreen Barry 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe paper offers some reflections on the convergence of productivity in the United States and Europe, which essentially stopped in the 1990s. It argues that the barriers preventing further convergence in the early 1990s were removed subsequently. But since then trends in productivity growth have been importantly affected by the advent of the New Economy, which poses further challenges for Europe. Without additional reform of European labor markets, financial markets, and university systems, we may be on the eve of another era of persistent divergence.
The US Current Account, New Economy Services, and Implications for Sustainability
Authors: Mann Catherine L. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe paper considers the implications for sustainability of the US current account of widespread uptake of New Economy services around the world. The main contribution is to estimate new income elasticities for international trade in New Economy services and incorporate these in a simple model of the current accounts. Widespread uptake of New Economy services around the world improves the potential for a sustainable US external balance through two channels. First, uptake of New Economy services raises global growth. Second, it narrows the asymmetry in income elasticity of US trade. But, reasonable estimates of these two structural improvements are not sufficient to stabilize the US current account deficit.
Hypnotic and tranquillizer use among general practitioners in south‐eastern France and its relation to occupational characteristics and prescribing habits
Authors: Verger Pierre , Aulagnier Marielle , Protopopescu Camélia , Villani Patrick , Gourrheux Jean‐Claude , Bouvenot Gilles , Paraponaris Alain 
Published: May 2004

AbstractPrevious research suggests that practising physicians are more likely than the general population to use psychotropic drugs. Hypnotic and tranquillizer use in France is among the highest in Europe; most hypnotic and tranquillizer prescriptions are written by general practitioners (GPs). The objective was to compare the hypnotic and tranquillizer use of GPs in private practice in Provence (south‐eastern France) with that of the general population and to study factors associated with physicians’ hypnotic and tranquillizer use. A cross‐sectional telephone survey was carried out with a panel of 600 GPs in Provence. The data were collected with a 53‐item questionnaire about their social and demographic status, family, occupation, training, information‐seeking behaviour, job satisfaction, hypnotic and tranquillizer drug use, tranquillizer and antidepressant prescriptions. The data were analysed using univariate and backward multiple logistic regressions. We found that GPs in Provence use hypnotics and tranquillizers at a significantly higher rate than the general population. We found significant associations with hypnotic and tranquillizer use only among the older group of GPs (older than 48 years). In this group, this drug use was related to the volume of services provided (billing sector), job dissatisfaction, lack of training, the ‘family burden’ and tranquillizer prescriptions. The strains associated with both medical practice and family burden have some influence on hypnotic and tranquillizer use among GPs; individual factors may influence prescribing attitudes and patient care as well.
Sedation in children undergoing CT scan or MRI: effect of time‐course and tolerance of rectal chloral hydrate
Authors: Treluyer Jean‐Marc , Andre Christine , Carp Pierre‐François Ceccaldi , Chalumeau Martin , Tonnelier Sylvie , Cuq Cédric , Kalifa Gabriel , Pons Gérard , Adamsbaum Catherine 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe aim of this paper was to describe the time‐course of the sedative effect of rectal chloral hydrate (75 mg/kg) in children undergoing CT scan or MRI. Twenty children (2.13 ± 1.43 years old) were administered 75 mg/kg chloral hydrate rectally (chloralhydrat‐rectiole rectal formulation, Dr Mann‐Pharma Lab, Berlin, Germany), before a CT scan or an NMR imaging. Sedation was measured at specific times using a sedation score of 1–6. Patients were continuously monitored for respiratory and heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and oxygen saturation. About 82.35 and 94.11% of the patients had a score of sedation ≥ 3 within 15 and 30 min, respectively. The mean time to effective sedation (score ≥ 3) was of 0.30 ± 0.14 h (median time, 0.25 h). The mean duration of effective sedation (score ≥ 3) was 1.29 ± 1.05 h (median duration, 0.75 h). A total of 93.1% of the X‐ray sections were obtained without artifact and sedation was considered by radiologists to be efficient for 83.3% of the procedures. This sedation procedure appeared efficient and safe during ambulatory CT scan and NMR imaging. The long‐term effect of chloral hydrate, however, remains to be evaluated.
Pharmacoeconomics of adverse drug reactions
Authors: Lundkvist Jonas , Jönsson Bengt 
Published: May 2004

AbstractAdverse drug reactions (ADRs) are common causes of hospitalization and lead to large costs to society. The cost of hospitalization is, however, only a part of the total costs as most adverse reactions never come to clinical attention. There are two main costs associated with ADRs, cost of treating illnesses due to ADRs and cost of avoiding them. The main objective of this study was to discuss the social costs of ADRs from an economic point of view. We also reviewed the literature and summarized studies investigating cost and occurrence of adverse reactions. Three different approaches to assess the costs of ADR are distinguished. The first is cost studies, where the following three steps must be done to estimate the costs: define ADR, estimated the incidence of ADRs and measure the costs of ADRs. Most cost studies have focused on hospitalizations due to ADRs and the literature shows that about 3–7% of all hospitalizations are caused by ADRs. The second approach concerns costs and benefits of safety: the decision to prescribe, use, distribute or produce a drug involves both costs and benefits, and decisions makers must weigh costs of ADRs against costs of avoiding them. The third approach discusses regulations and mechanisms for achieving an optimal balance between costs and benefits of drug therapies. The problem with ADRs is, from an economic point of view, not a problem of minimization but of optimization, to find the right balance between costs and benefits.
Blood pressure and heart rate variability changes during cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Souza Neto Edmundo P. , Loufouat Joseph , Saroul Christine , Paultre Christian , Chiari Pascal , Lehot Jean‐Jacques , Cerutti Catherine 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThis study investigated patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery to evaluate the effects of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on the spontaneous variability of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR). Forty‐one adult patients receiving different cardiovascular system drugs were included in the study. Patients were divided into three groups: no preoperative pharmacological cardiovascular treatment (n = 12), beta‐blocker (BB) (n = 13), and angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibition (ACEI) (n = 16). MAP was recorded before anaesthesia until the end of surgery. MAP and HR variability was analysed in very low‐ (VLF), low‐ (LF) and high‐frequency bands. The LF spectral component of MAP was observed to decrease in patients under ACEI (−92%) or BB (−87%) following induction of anaesthesia. In addition, during CPB, VLF power decreased in BB group (−67%), and LF power decreased in ACEI group (−77%). Concerning HR, VLF spectral power decreased following anaesthesia in BB group (−74%). In addition, after CPB, VLF power reached lower value in ACEI group than in BB group (P < 0.05). LF spectral power of HR showed a large decrease after CPB in ACEI group (−89%). This study showed that MAP variability did not change during CPB in patients with no preoperative pharmacological cardiovascular treatment, suggesting an unaltered vascular control of MAP. Moreover, the change in LF spectral power of MAP in ACEI and BB groups, suggests that both the renin‐angiotensin and sympathetic systems participate to the genesis of LF variability of MAP.