bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of mitomycin C and 5‐fluorouracil on wound healing in patients undergoing glaucoma surgery: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Cui Sha , Zhang Juntao , Zhang Shaowei , Li Jinrong , Li Qin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIncreased intraocular pressure (IOP) is a risk factor for glaucoma. One treatment option is trabeculectomy. Antimetabolic agents are used in the operation to decrease the post‐operative scarring of the wound. The two most common medicines are Mitomycin C (MMC) and 5‐Fluorouracil (5‐FU). The aim of this research is to assess the effect of MMC on post‐operation wound healing in comparison with 5‐FU in addition to trabeculectomy. Well, we went through four common databases. Our language was limited to English during the study. The last time we looked at the e‐databases was August 2023. Case control studies were performed where MMC resulted in better wound healing than 5‐FU. Researchers selected a total of 1023 trials and eventually selected six trials for data analysis. Four hundred and ninety one cases of glaucoma were treated with trabeculectomy. Among them, 246 were given MMC and 245 were given 5‐FU during operation. Six trials showed that there was no statistical difference between MMC and 5‐FU in the incidence of post‐operative wound leak in glaucoma patients who received trabeculectomy (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.63–2.30 p = 0.57); Five trials demonstrated that MMC was associated with a reduced risk of post‐operative corneal damage compared to 5‐FU injection (OR, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.06–0.56 p = 0.003); In both trials, the incidence of post‐operative bleeding was not significantly different from that of 5‐FU injected in the MMC group (OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.05–2.16 p = 0.25). Our results indicate that MMC is superior to 5‐FU in the reduction of post‐operative corneal injury. Additional comparisons between MMC and 5‐FU are required in order to increase the reliability and effectiveness of these findings.
ESG Investing in Graham & Doddsville
Authors: Hanson Dan 
Published: November 2023

The author describes how and why the world's best “business value investors” have long incorporated environmental, social, and governance (ESG) considerations into their investment decision‐making. As the main source of value in companies has increasingly shifted from tangible to intangible assets, many followers of Graham & Dodd have delivered exceptional investment results by taking an “earnings‐power” approach to identifying high‐quality businesses—businesses with enduring competitive advantages that are sustained through significant ongoing investment in their core capabilities and, increasingly, their important non‐investor “stakeholders.”While the ESG framework may be relatively new, it can be thought of as providing a lens through which to view the age‐old issue of “quality.” Graham & Dodd's 1934 classic guide to investing, Security Analysis, and Phil Fisher's 1958 bestseller, Common Stocks and Uncommon Profits, both identify a number of areas of analysis that would today be characterized as ESG. Regardless of whether they use the labels “E,” “S,” and “G,” investors who make judgments about earnings power and sustainable competitive advantage are routinely incorporating ESG considerations into their decision‐making.The challenge of assessing a company's sustainable competitive advantage requires analysis based on concepts such as customer franchise value, as well as intangibles like brands and intellectual property. For corporate managers communicating ESG priorities, and for investors analyzing ESG issues, the key is to focus on their relevance to the business. In this sense, corporate reporting on sustainability issues should be viewed as analogous to and an integral part of financial reporting, with a management focus on materiality and relevance (while avoiding a “promotional” approach) that is critical to credibility.
Association between bilirubin and chronic kidney disease in hypertensive patients: The China hypertension registry study
Authors: Zhao Peixu , Xu Haitao , Shi Yumeng , Song Xiaoli , Qiu Guosheng , Ding Congcong , Zhou Wei , Yu Chao , Wang Tao , Zhu Lingjuan , Bao Huihui , Cheng Xiaoshu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLimited data exists on the association between Direct bilirubin (DBIL) and Indirect bilirubin (IBIL) with the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among patients with hypertension. This study aimed to assess the relationship between DBIL and IBIL with the risk of CKD in a cohort of Chinese adults diagnosed with hypertension. This study included 14 182 Chinese patients with hypertension between the ages of 27 and 96. CKD, the outcome variable, was defined by an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. The study employed multivariate linear and multivariate logistic regression analysis to evaluate the correlation between DBIL and IBIL with the risk of CKD. The prevalence of CKD in the study population was 9.77%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the increase in DBIL (OR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.61, 0.71) and IBIL (OR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.71, 0.81) were independently and negatively correlated with CKD. Further analyses using a restricted cubic spline (smooth‐fitting curve) confirmed the linearly negative association between DBIL and IBIL with the risk of CKD. The subgroup analysis showed that the correlation between IBIL and CKD was stronger among men and populations <65 years of age (p for interaction <.05). DBIL and IBIL were independently and negatively associated with CKD. Furthermore, the correlation between DBIL and IBIL with CKD in the hypertensive population is more significant in those under 65 years of age. These findings may inform future strategies for the management of CKD.
Novel lipid biomarkers and ratios as risk predictors for premature coronary artery disease: A retrospective analysis of 2952 patients
Authors: Chen Si , Li Zhan , Li Haolong , Zeng Xiaoli , Yuan Hui , Li Yongzhe 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study examined the associations between emerging lipid biomarkers (small dense low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol [sdLDL‐C), lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], and free fatty acids [FFA]), two ratios (sdLDL‐C/LDL‐C and the triglyceride–glucose [TyG) index), and the Gensini score (GS) in patients with premature coronary artery disease (PCAD) in relation to the extent of coronary stenosis. The authors evaluated a cohort of 2952 individuals undergoing coronary angiography (CAG), encompassing those with PCAD (n = 1749), late‐onset coronary artery disease (LCAD; n = 328), and non‐coronary artery disease (non‐CAD; n = 575). Noteworthy differences were observed in the levels of the novel lipid biomarkers and ratio indexes among the PCAD, LCAD, and non‐CAD groups (p < .05). Multiple logistic regression analyses pinpointed Lp(a) (OR = 2.62, 95% CI 1.22–5.63, p = .014) and the TyG index (OR = 2.53, 95% CI 1.08–5.93, p = .033) as independent risk factors for PCAD. Furthermore, these biomarkers and ratio indexes discerned substantial distinctions among PCAD patients with varying GS (p < .05). Consequently, these markers can proficiently anticipate the gravity of coronary artery stenosis (GS > 40) in PCAD patients, as evidenced by the ROC analysis. In conclusion, sdLDL‐C, Lp(a), FFA, and the sdLDL‐C/LDL‐C and TyG indexes have considerable potential as risk and diagnostic markers for coronary artery stenosis in individuals afflicted with PCAD.
Glycemic variability: Measurement, target, impact on complications of diabetes and does it really matter?
Authors: Mo Yifei , Lu Jingyi , Zhou Jian 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOver the past two decades, there has been continuous advancement in the accuracy and complexity of continuous glucose monitoring devices. Continuous glucose monitoring provides valuable insights into blood glucose dynamics, and can record glucose fluctuations accurately and completely. Glycemic variability (GV) is a straightforward measure of the extent to which a patient's blood glucose levels fluctuate between high peaks and low nadirs. Many studies have investigated the relationship between GV and complications, primarily in the context of type 2 diabetes. Nevertheless, the exact contribution of GV to the development of diabetes complications remains unclear. In this literature review, we aimed to summarize the existing evidence regarding the measurement, target level, pathophysiological mechanisms relating GV and tissue damage, and population‐based studies of GV and diabetes complications. Additionally, we introduce novel methods for measuring GV, and discuss several unresolved issues of GV. In the future, more longitudinal studies and trials are required to confirm the exact role of GV in the development of diabetes complications.
Fecundity of diamondback moth females when offered honey with pyridalyl, a selective insecticide
Authors: Ozawa Rika , Uefune Masayoshi , Takabayashi Junji 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe previously reported that the presence of pyridalyl, a selective insecticide, in aqueous honey (50% v/v) negatively affects the survival of diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella: DBM) adults. However, it remains unclear whether toxicity of pyridalyl in aqueous honey affects the fecundity of adult female DBMs. We analysed the survival and fecundity of adult DBM under the water, honey or honey + pyridalyl conditions in glass tubes containing Japanese mustard spinach (Brassica rapa: Komatsuna) leaves for 10 days. The survival of adults under the honey (50% v/v) and honey + pyridalyl (100‐fold dilution) conditions was significantly higher and lower, respectively, than under the water condition during the experimental period. The number of eggs laid by DBM females each day (fecundity) under the water condition was significantly lower than that under the honey condition throughout the experimental period, except on day 1. In contrast, the numbers under the water and honey + pyridalyl conditions were not significantly different, except on day 2 (the honey + pyridalyl condition was significantly lower). To study the effects of plants grown in pots on the survival and fecundity of DBM females, we conducted experiments using acrylic cages containing potted komatsuna plants. The survival trends under the honey, and honey + pyridalyl conditions in the cages were similar to those in the glass tubes. Fecundity was evaluated based on the total number of subsequent generations (DBM larvae and pupae) on day 10. The numbers were significantly higher in the honey condition than in the water condition. In contrast, the number in the honey + pyridalyl condition was not significantly different from that in the water condition. Given our previous findings that the longevity and fecundity of Cotesia vestalis, an effective natural enemy of DBM larvae, remained unaffected by the presence of pyridalyl in honey as a food supply, our research suggests that introducing devices providing honey infused with pyridalyl in greenhouses as a nutritional source for C. vestalis could be an effective biological control strategy for managing DBM populations within greenhouse environments.
A new easy technique to identify the correct artificial hair implantation site: A case series and preliminary results
Authors: Palmieri Beniamino , Vadalà Maria , Al Bzour Bogdan Morad , Di Carmine Mariastella , Scarano Antonio 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe implantation of artificial hair is a successful standardized procedure to restore bald areas or scarred alopecic surfaces of the scalp in both sexes.Materials and MethodsSebometric measurements were taken, pre, 1, 3, and 6 months postimplant in two symmetric frontotemporal areas of the scalp of seven volunteers to be implanted with 50 units of artificial hair. The artificial hair used in this study are Biofibre 4.0 produced by Medicap srl, Italy.ResultsThe dermaroller assisted procedure was performed only on one side, and the plain random implant contralaterally for comparison. A marked downregulation of the sebum concentration was observed in the dermaroller treated area 1, 3, and 6 months later in respect to the control side.ConclusionThe dermaroller assisted procedure is safe and effective in reducing the foreign body reaction by the sebaceous glands and the vascular axis injured by the implanting needle; a longer standing success of the implanted hair can thus be achieved reducing the burden of inflammatory reaction.
A review of research for a cryolipolysis technology
Authors: Gold Michael H. , Vargas Lamas Reyna E. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundObesity and excess body fat are known health issues and a major aesthetic concern. Numerous modalities have been developed to address unwanted deposits of adiposity, including the development of various noninvasive methods overcoming the limitations and risks of invasive alternatives. Cryoadipolysis, also known commonly as cryolipolysis, involves the harnessing of selective cryolysis, the selective cold‐based damaging of subcutaneous fat cells which die via apoptosis, and are removed naturally by the body over time.AimsTo provide a brief but comprehensive summary of the literature supporting two related cryoadipolysis devices that are only available outside of North America, Cooltech and Cooltech Define (Sinclair).Results/DiscussionReview of 10 available clinical studies evaluating the two devices, specifically, showed both devices to be safe, with side effects profiles comparable to those of similar platforms in the armamentarium. Both operate by non‐invasively lowering the temperature of localized subcutaneous fat and maintaining it at or below a threshold that causes disruption of adipocytes via crystallization, inducing apoptosis (programmed cell death). Over time, clinically significant reductions in fat thickness and circumference of the treated area were noted. Patient satisfaction is high. The literature also highlights the necessity of adherence to patient selection and device use guidelines to minimize potential for rare paradoxical adipose hyperplasia and maximize patient satisfaction.
Postpartum acute adrenal insufficiency of early‐onset Sheehan syndrome: A case series study in a single center
Authors: Ishikawa Shota , Ishikawa Hiroshi , Sato Mika , Nagasawa Akiko , Suzuki Yoshiya , Okayama Jun , Nakada Emiri , Omoto Akiko , Shozu Makio , Koga Kaori 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimTo identify the symptoms and relevant factors associated with acute adrenal insufficiency of early‐onset Sheehan syndrome.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the charts of 125 women admitted to our intensive care unit because of postpartum hemorrhage between January 2011 and December 2021. Three women developed acute adrenal insufficiency. We investigated the total blood loss, shock status, consciousness level upon arrival, and intensive care provided to the women. We also analyzed the symptoms and laboratory data that led to the diagnosis of acute adrenal insufficiency. Continuous variables were presented by median (minimum–maximum).ResultsThe medians and ranges of age, total blood loss, and shock index [heart rate/systolic blood pressure] on admission were 33.1 (17.2–45.3) years, 3351 (595–20 260) g, and 0.94 (0.55–2.94), respectively. Seven women were older than 40 years, 28 experienced >5000 g blood loss, 17 had shock index >1.5, 27 had impaired consciousness upon arrival, and 15 underwent hysterectomy. Women who developed acute adrenal insufficiency were <40 years old and had a bleeding volume of over 5000 g, impaired consciousness upon arrival, and had undergone hysterectomy. They had experienced lactation failure, presented with hyponatremia‐related symptoms on postpartum days 8–9, experienced general malaise, headache, and impaired consciousness, and showed severe hyponatremia.ConclusionsMassive postpartum hemorrhage over 5000 g, impaired consciousness upon arrival, and hysterectomy as a hemostatic measure were relevant factors associated with acute adrenal insufficiency of early‐onset Sheehan syndrome. Hyponatremia‐related symptoms occurring after lactation failure are indicative of the onset of acute adrenal insufficiency.
Effects of the Colombia Peace negotiation process on gross domestic product per capita
Authors: Fanta Javiera , Larramona Gemma 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article attempts to determine whether the peace negotiation process initiated in Colombia that culminated with the Peace Treaty in 2016 had a positive economic effect, using the National Gross Domestic Product per capita as a measure. We apply a synthetic control method that is appropriate for a policy evaluation. Considering the anticipated and realized effects on economic variables, our results suggest that the Peace Treaty has positively influenced gross domestic product per capita. Furthermore, this positive effect has been maintained through 2021, the last available year of data. Data to 2021 show post‐pandemic Colombia is better off when compared with a hypothetical Colombia—or synthetic Colombia—that did not begin a peace negotiation process.
Using Parent Report to Measure Vocabulary in Young Bilingual Children: A Scoping Review
Authors: Weisleder Adriana , Friend Margaret , Tsui Angeline Sin Mei , Marchman Virginia A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA large number of children are exposed to more than one language. One well‐established method of assessing early vocabulary development in monolingual children is parent report; however, its use in bilingual/multilingual contexts is less established and brings unique challenges. In this methodological scoping review, we reviewed studies of early vocabulary development using parent report with bilingual/multilingual children (January 1980–March 2022). A total of 576 articles were screened, yielding 101 studies for analysis. The number of studies on bilingual/multilingual vocabulary has grown in the last two decades; yet representation of the world's languages remains sparse. The majority of studies assessed bilingual/multilingual children's vocabulary in each language and used instruments adapted for linguistic and cultural characteristics. However, the field could benefit from standardized reporting practices regarding definitions of bi/multilingualism, selection of reporters, and tool development and is in critical need of studies that develop, validate, and norm parent report instruments specifically for the bilingual/multilingual case.
A higher bar: Institutional impediments to hate crime prosecution
Authors: King Ryan D. , Kutateladze Besiki L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWhy are hate crime cases so rarely prosecuted? Most states and the federal government have hate crime laws on their books, yet available data indicate few prosecutions in most jurisdictions. Drawing on case files and interviews with police and prosecutors in one jurisdiction, three institutional impediments to hate crime prosecution are identified: evidentiary inflation, by which law enforcement uses a higher burden of proof than what is required by statute; loose coupling between police departments and prosecutors' offices; and cultural distance between law enforcement and victims. Findings also reveal that advocacy groups and media can successfully increase the visibility of cases and draw the attention of prosecutors. The findings align with aspects of legal endogeneity theory and enhance our understanding of the role of organizations in constructing the meaning of law. The results also help explain why some laws are rarely enforced, even when they have support from key personnel in an organization.
No food for thought–How important is breakfast to the health, educational attainment and wellbeing of school‐aged children and young people?
Authors: Gibson‐Moore Helena , Spiro Ayela , Stanner Sara 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThere have been reports from teachers of pupils in the United Kingdom arriving at school hungry. Poor nutritional intake during childhood can increase the risk of developing both short‐ and long‐term health problems. Breakfast consumption has been associated with several outcomes including better diet quality and healthier weight status. Nevertheless, skipping breakfast is a frequent behaviour in young people, particularly adolescents, and those from lower socio‐economic groups, who are less likely to meet dietary recommendations and nutritional targets. The aim of this narrative review is to explore the contribution of breakfast consumption at home or at school and the impact of breakfast skipping on nutrient intakes in school‐aged children (aged 4–18 years), and their effect on weight and cardiometabolic health. We will also summarise evidence for a link with cognitive function and educational attainment. A broadly positive effect of breakfast intake on diet quality, weight status and school‐related outcomes was found in the literature, although inconsistencies in findings and methodological limitations within the evidence base are notable. Further research is warranted to better understand impact of breakfast intake and school breakfast provision on longer‐term learning, educational attainment and health outcomes. This also needs to consider the cost benefit, type of breakfast and any unintended consequences such as encouraging multiple breakfasts. Breakfast consumption could improve the nutritional intakes of the most vulnerable young people and may help to address inequalities in educational outcomes at least in the short term.
Comparison of intradialytic continuous and interval training on hemodynamics and dialysis adequacy: A crossover randomized controlled trial
Authors: Usui Naoto , Nakata Junichiro , Uehata Akimi , Kojima Sho , Saitoh Masakazu , Chiba Yasuo , Ando Shuji , Inatsu Akihito , Hisadome Hideki , Ota Shigeyuki , Suzuki Yusuke 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimCirculating blood volume (BV) during exercise changes depending on the intensity and duration, and post‐exercise hypotension is observed after continuous exercise. We investigated the safety and efficacy of both interval and continuous IDE at anaerobic threshold (AT) levels with respect to hemodynamic stability and dialysis efficiency.MethodsIn this crossover randomized controlled trial, 16 patients on haemodialysis were subjected to three trial arms, including non‐IDE, interval‐IDE, and continuous‐IDE arms. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), BV, and ultraviolet absorbance – an indicator of dialysis efficiency – were continuously measured, and each change was compared between the three arms by two‐way analysis of variance.ResultsContinuous IDE decreased SBP from post‐exercise to the end of dialysis compared with baseline (pre 142.8 ± 19.0 vs. post 127.5 ± 24.5 mmHg, p = .02), whereas interval IDE maintained better SBP levels post‐exercise (pre 139.9 ± 17.1 vs. post 140.1 ± 15.8 mmHg, p = 1.0) than continuous IDE (non‐IDE 133.2 ± 19.9 vs. interval 140.1 ± 15.8 vs. continuous 127.5 ± 24.5 mmHg, p = .04). Moreover, interval IDE caused less tiredness and few symptoms (p < .05), despite reaching higher intensity than continuous IDE (p = .001). The BV of each IDE arm decreased during exercise and recovered post‐exercise to the same level as non‐IDE. Ultraviolet absorbance was not different between each arm (p = .16).ConclusionAT‐level interval IDE maintains better hemodynamic stability from post‐exercise to the end of dialysis and may represent a novel approach that can be effectively performed with fewer symptoms.image