bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling the behavior of monoclonal antibodies on hydrophobic interaction chromatography resins
Authors: Nolan Douglas , Chin Thomas R. , Eamsureya Mick , Oppenheim Sheldon , Paley Olga , Alves Christina , Parks George 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMonoclonal antibodies (mAbs) require a high level of purity for regulatory approval and safe administration. High-molecular weight (HMW) species are a common impurity associated with mAb therapies. Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) resins are often used to remove these HMW impurities. Determination of a suitable HIC resin can be a time and resource-intensive process. In this study, we modeled the chromatographic behavior of seven mAbs across 13 HIC resins using measurements of surface hydrophobicity, surface charge, and thermal stability for mAbs, and hydrophobicity and zeta-potential for HIC resins with high fit quality (adjusted R2 > 0.80). We identified zeta-potential as a novel key modeling parameter. When using these models to select a HIC resin for HMW clearance of a test mAb, we were able to achieve 60% HMW clearance and 89% recovery. These models can be used to expedite the downstream process development for mAbs in an industry setting.
Graphical Abstract
Are there links between Alzheimer’s disease and ADHD? The efficacy of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists in controlling ADHD symptoms: a systematic review
Authors: Abdi Dezfouli Ramin , Akbariforoud Sara , Esmaeilidezfouli Ensieh 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
To assess the effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of anti-Alzheimer agents (memantine, galantamine, rivastigmine, and donepezil) in controlling ADHD symptoms in children, adolescents, and adults.

Methods
Following the PRISMA guideline, clinical trials assessing the potency of anti-Alzheimer medications in managing ADHD symptoms were imported from PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus (until February 2023). Screening stages were conducted by two independent researchers. Two independent researchers also extracted data from clinical trials reporting the outcomes as the reduction in scores of ADHD questionnaires. The risk of bias within the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool, while the certainty of outcomes was evaluated based on the GRADE criteria.

Results
Of the initial 1597 studies, 11 studies were included. No studies were available for rivastigmine, and only a single study was conducted for galantamine. The results of the other two medications had a slight inconsistency. While both memantine and donepezil were reported to be effective in several studies, they were reported to be ineffective in some other studies. Side effects were mostly reduced appetite and headache. The tolerability of memantine, donepezil, and galantamine was all convincing.

Conclusions
While galantamine did not demonstrate a promising efficacy in ADHD, memantine and donepezil showed effectiveness. However, future studies are needed to confirm their efficacy in ADHD since there was some inconsistency.
Gene Regulation and Mitochondrial Activity During White and Brown Adipogenesis Are Modulated by KDM5 Histone Demethylase
Authors: Vergnes Laurent , Wiese Carrie B , Zore Temeka , Riestenberg Carrie , Avetisyan Rozeta , Reue Karen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Body fat accumulation differs between males and females and is influenced by both gonadal sex (ovaries vs testes) and chromosomal sex (XX vs XY). We previously showed that an X chromosome gene, Kdm5c, is expressed at higher levels in females compared to males and correlates with adiposity in mice and humans. Kdm5c encodes a KDM5 histone demethylase that regulates gene expression by modulating histone methylation at gene promoters and enhancers. Here, we use chemical inhibition and genetic knockdown to identify a role for KDM5 activity during early stages of white and brown preadipocyte differentiation, with specific effects on white adipocyte clonal expansion, and white and brown adipocyte gene expression and mitochondrial activity. In white adipogenesis, KDM5 activity modulates H3K4 histone methylation at the Dlk1 gene promoter to repress gene expression and promote progression from preadipocytes to mature adipocytes. In brown adipogenesis, KDM5 activity modulates H3K4 methylation and gene expression of Ucp1, which is required for thermogenesis. Unbiased transcriptome analysis revealed that KDM5 activity regulates genes associated with cell cycle regulation and mitochondrial function, and this was confirmed by functional analyses of cell proliferation and cellular bioenergetics. Using genetic knockdown, we demonstrate that KDM5C is the likely KDM5 family member that is responsible for regulation of white and brown preadipocyte programming. Given that KDM5C levels are higher in females compared to males, our findings suggest that sex differences in white and brown preadipocyte gene regulation may contribute to sex differences in adipose tissue function.
Disparities in Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis Based on Residence and Distance From Medical Facility
Authors: Regmi Sunita , Farazi Paraskevi A , Lyden Elizabeth , Kotwal Anupam , Ganti Apar Kishor , Goldner Whitney 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Context
Rural-urban disparities have been reported in cancer care, but data are sparse on the effect of geography and location of residence on access to care in thyroid cancer.

Objective
To identify impact of rural or urban residence and distance from treatment center on thyroid cancer stage at diagnosis.

Methods
We evaluated 800 adults with differentiated thyroid cancer in the iCaRe2 bioinformatics/biospecimen registry at the Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center. Participants were categorized into early and late stage using AJCC staging, and residence/distance from treating facility was categorized as short (≤ 12.5 miles), intermediate (&gt; 12.5 to &lt; 50 miles) or long (≥ 50 miles). Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with late-stage diagnosis.

Results
Overall, 71% lived in an urban area and 29% lived in a rural area. Distance from home to the treating facility was short for 224 (28%), intermediate for 231 (28.8%), and long for 345 (43.1%). All 224 (100%) short, 226 (97.8%) intermediate, and 120 (34.7%) long distances were for urban patients; in contrast, among rural patients, 5 (2.16%) lived intermediate and 225 (65.2%) lived long distances from treatment (P &lt; .0001). Using eighth edition AJCC staging, the odds ratio of late stage at diagnosis for rural participants ≥ 55 years was 2.56 (95% CI, 1.08-6.14) (P = .03), and for those living ≥ 50 miles was 4.65 (95% CI, 1.28-16.93) (P = .0075). Results were similar using seventh edition AJCC staging.

Conclusion
Older age at diagnosis, living in rural areas, and residing farther from the treatment center are all independently associated with late stage at diagnosis of thyroid cancer.
Blockchain i kryptowaluty – „nowa” odsłona w geograficznym podejściu do badania Internetu
Authors: Wyeth Ryan , Janc Krzysztof , Ilnicki Dariusz 
Published: February 2024

W wyniku rewolucji związanej z pojawieniem się i rozwojem Internetu ujawniły się nowe pola eksploracji naukowej, również w geografii. Jednym z rozszerzeń funkcjonalności Internetu są technologie blockchain (łańcuch bloków) i ściśle związane z nimi kryptowaluty. Są one często postrzegane głównie z perspektywy zmian na rynkach finansowych, jednak także jako pomysł na decentralizację funkcjonowania sieci, społeczeństwa czy gospodarki. Dotychczasowe prace empiryczne i teoretyczne pozwalają na formułowanie kierunków rozwoju badań tej problematyki i wskazanie ich istotności w kontekście procesów przestrzennych. Celem artykułu jest omówienie dotychczasowego stanu badań nad kryptowalutami na gruncie geografii. Szczególna uwaga została zwrócona na geograficzne aspekty funkcjonowania Internetu, zwłaszcza te związane z technologią blockchain oraz kryptowalutami. W opracowaniu scharakteryzowano też wybrane współczesne problemy badawcze geografii w odniesieniu do Internetu.
Risk factors of self-medication with antibiotics for acute pharyngitis
Authors: Porzak Mikołaj , Dacka Michał , Sobczyk Mateusz , Sodolska Alicja , Żuraw Daria , Jasiński Kacper , Oleksa Paulina , Porzak Robert , Kubicka-Dębiec Magdalena 
Published: February 2024

Background: Self-medicating with antibiotics is prevalent in low- and middle-income nations. This research sought to assess the perspectives on antibiotic usage and self-medication in case of acute pharyngitis, as well as the factors linked to self-medication among patients of a family doctor's clinic in Lublin, Poland.
Methods: A original, fully anonymous survey was conducted among patients of a family doctor's clinic in Lublin. The descriptive statistics of answers in questionnaires and Automatic Linear Modeling Regression (LINEAR) was applied to point out the most significant predictors of the antibiotics misuse.
Results: A response number of 262 participants was obtained. About 15,6% (41/262) respondents had self-medicated during the last year due to acute pharyngitis symptoms. We have identified the following important risk factors of anti-health behaviours connected with self-medication: frequent occurrence of symptoms of acute pharyngitis, frequent receiving antibiotics on prescription, frequent diagnosing a bacterial cause of sore throat, higher sensitivity to pain and lower education level. Surprisingly our research shows that women present lower sensitivity to pain than men in case of pain connected with acute pharyngitis.
Conclusion: There is a need for greater attention paid to the education of the patients presenting the aforementioned risk factors. Education should focus on the risks to the patients connected with antimicrobial resistance.
Disruptions, Redundancy Strategies, and Performance of Small Firms: Evidence from Uganda
Authors: Kundu Amrita , Anderson Stephen J. , Ramdas Kamalini 
Published: February 2024

We study the impact of firm-specific business disruptions on the performance of small emerging market firms and test the effectiveness of building in redundancies to buffer against disruptions. Managerial disruptions result in the absence of the entrepreneur-owner, whereas operational disruptions lead to a shortage of critical resources, for example, inventory or electricity. We propose the use of relational redundancy—that is, the availability of a trusted and capable person with whom the entrepreneur-owner has an existing relationship, who can manage the business in his or her absence—to recover from managerial disruptions. We also examine whether resource redundancy—for example, maintaining safety stock or electricity backup—helps recover from operational disruptions. In the absence of publicly available data, we hand-built a panel data set by interviewing 646 randomly selected small firms over four time periods in Kampala, Uganda. We find that disruptions are highly prevalent and have a statistically and economically significant effect on firm performance. When a firm faces multiple exogenous and severe disruptions in a six-month period, its monthly sales decrease by 13.8% (p = 0.013), and its sales growth decreases by 18.8 percentage points (p = 0.070). Importantly, we find that both managerial and resource redundancies can help firms build resilience against the negative impact of disruptions. In some cases, firms with high levels of redundancy are able to completely overcome the negative effect of disruptions on sales and sales growth. We discuss implications for entrepreneurs, policymakers, and large multinationals that buy from or sell to small emerging market firms. This paper was accepted by Charles Corbett, operations management. Funding: This research was supported by grants from: Deloitte Institute for Innovation and Entrepreneurship (DIIE), the John A. and Cynthia Fry Gunn Faculty Scholar award, London Business School, Stanford Graduate School of Business, Stanford Institute for Innovation in Developing Economies (SEED), and STARS Foundation. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4978 .
Patient-support techniques for treating patients with learning disabilities
Authors: Fenesan Stephanie , Hare Jennifer , Kerr Bryan 
Published: February 2024

There are many techniques that can, with simple adjustments, be used for patients with learning disabilities. A number of techniques may be familiar to dentists as those which are applied to anxious or paediatrics patients. There is a lack of focused articles clearly describing specific techniques that can be used for individuals with learning disabilities and how these can be adapted to help enable dental assessment and treatment. This article aims to inform general dental practitioners of patient-support techniques that may be used or adapted for individuals with learning disabilities. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Dental professionals should be able to make reasonable adjustments to their practice to better support individuals with learning disabilities who access dental care.
Variations on Time: Reading Paolo Virno Reading Ernst Bloch
Authors: Menozzi Filippo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract: This essay discusses the concept of nonchronological time through the philosophies of Paolo Virno and Ernst Bloch, mostly focusing on Virno’s Déjà vu and the End of History , originally published as Il Ricordo del Presente in 1999. In this work, Virno formulates the thesis that capitalism is the first social form that historicizes the metahistorical and nonchronological invariant that defines human life. An important element in Virno’s argument is what he presents as a more radical reinterpretation of Ernst Bloch’s idea of the “contemporaneity of the non-contemporary.” Virno translates Bloch’s notion of ungleichzeitigkeit as coexistence of potentiality and act, or labor-power and commodity. In many respects, Bloch and Virno could be aligned as thinkers of a nonchronological time of possibility in the tradition of historical materialism. However, Virno’s engagement with Bloch seems to be missing central aspects of Bloch’s original formula. Unlike Virno, Bloch’s philosophy does not limit the nonchronological to temporal anteriority or heterogeneity; on the contrary, Bloch’s theory of time uncovers the nonlinear dialectical contradictions between unfinished pasts and open-ended futures.
Identification of a potent and selective LAPTc inhibitor by RapidFire-Mass Spectrometry, with antichagasic activity
Authors: Izquierdo Maikel , Lin De , O’Neill Sandra , Webster Lauren A. , Paterson Christy , Thomas John , Aguado Mirtha Elisa , Colina Araújo Enrique , Alpízar-Pedraza Daniel , Joji Halimatu , MacLean Lorna , Hope Anthony , Gray David W. , Zoltner Martin , Field Mark C. , González-Bacerio Jorge , De Rycker Manu 
Published: February 2024

Background
Chagas disease is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and leads to ~10,000 deaths each year. Nifurtimox and benznidazole are the only two drugs available but have significant adverse effects and limited efficacy. New chemotherapeutic agents are urgently required. Here we identified inhibitors of the acidic M17 leucyl-aminopeptidase from T. cruzi (LAPTc) that show promise as novel starting points for Chagas disease drug discovery.

Methodology/Principal findings
A RapidFire-MS screen with a protease-focused compound library identified novel LAPTc inhibitors. Twenty-eight hits were progressed to the dose-response studies, from which 12 molecules inhibited LAPTc with IC50 < 34 μM. Of these, compound 4 was the most potent hit and mode of inhibition studies indicate that compound 4 is a competitive LAPTc inhibitor, with Ki 0.27 μM. Compound 4 is selective with respect to human LAP3, showing a selectivity index of >500. Compound 4 exhibited sub-micromolar activity against intracellular T. cruzi amastigotes, and while the selectivity-window against the host cells was narrow, no toxicity was observed for un-infected HepG2 cells. In silico modelling of the LAPTc-compound 4 interaction is consistent with the competitive mode of inhibition. Molecular dynamics simulations reproduce the experimental binding strength (-8.95 kcal/mol), and indicate a binding mode based mainly on hydrophobic interactions with active site residues without metal cation coordination.

Conclusions/Significance
Our data indicates that these new LAPTc inhibitors should be considered for further development as antiparasitic agents for the treatment of Chagas disease.
PECULIARITIES OF THE ACCUMULATION OF GLUCOFRUCTANS IN THE ABOVE-GROUND PART OF THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS ALLIUM (AMARYLLIDACEAE)
Authors: Vasfilova Evgenia Samuilovna , Vorob'eva Tatjana Andreevna 
Published: February 2024

The specifics of the accumulation of fructose-containing carbohydrates (glucofructans) in the above-ground parts of Allium L. species were studied. High molecular weight glucofructans (polyfructans) were present in significant amounts (6.9–10.1%) during the spring regrowth period in the leaves of A. jesdianum Boiss. & Buhse and A. victorialis L. During active growth and budding, their content dropped sharply (up to 0–3.6%). In A. victorialis, at the end of the growing season, the amount of polyfructans in the leaves of the second generation increased markedly (up to 9.7–11.8%). Since the leaves of this species are preserved under the snow all winter, fructans, probably, have a protective function, increasing their resistance to low temperatures.
In all the studied species, polyfructans were accumulated in the underground part in much greater quantities than in the leaves, except for A. victorialis, where their content in the aboveground and underground parts was similar in the same phenophases, or in the leaves they were contained in larger quantities.
The content of low molecular weight glucofructans (oligofructans) in leaves at the beginning of the growing season varied from 2.9 to 11.7% in different species. During the period of active growth and budding their content increased significantly up to 4.6–18.9%. The leaves of A. aflatunense B. Fedtsch., A. jesdianum, A. hollandicum R.M. Fritsch, A. rosenbachianum Regel, belonging to the subgenus Melanocrommyum (Webb & Berthel.) Rouy, and A. victorialis, belonging to the subgenus Anguinum (G.Don ex W.D.J.Koch) N.Friesen, are the richest in oligofructans. In A. obliguum L. and A. saxatile M. Bieb., belonging to the subgenus Polyprason Radić, the content of oligofructans in the leaves was significantly lower than in the previous species.
Considerable amounts of fructans were accumulated in the inflorescences of A. victorialis and A. obliquum.
“In Search of Special Sensations”: Moïse (Maurice) Zekri's Disorderly Life between Algeria and France (1879–1942)
Authors: Choquette Leslie , Sienna Noam 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This article presents the biography of a little-known Algerian Jew, Moïse (Maurice) Zekri (1879–1942), whose life illuminates several themes not normally associated with Algerian Jewry or French colonial history. An immigrant to Paris who opened one of the city's first gay venues, Maurice's Bar, in 1906, he also contributed to the rise of international organized crime in Montmartre, a development more commonly attributed to Corsicans. While based in Paris, Zekri traveled widely (to England, Belgium, Italy, Argentina, and the United States) and maintained close ties with Algeria, where he returned periodically. His social and professional circles included a diverse cohort of people ethnically and religiously, but his Jewish roots defined the end of his life. During the German Occupation of France, he was deported from his Paris home to Drancy, and in 1942, he was murdered in Auschwitz.
“Among the French People”: The Departmentalization of Mayotte and the Colonial Politics of Inclusion
Authors: Diagne Dimitri 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
With its 2011 change in administrative status, Mayotte, a small island colony in the Mozambique Channel, became the only contemporary French department with an indigenous African Muslim population. Mayotte's departmentalization required restructuring a colonial local legal system influenced by Islamic, Swahili, and Malagasy legal practices. By putting legislation and public discourse concerning Mayotte's status into conversation with earlier political movements within the French Empire and scholarship on French colonial governance, I show how Mahoran politicians, writers, and activists advocating for departmentalization invoked claims to racialized notions of belonging “among the French People.” These claims were joined by demands that France fulfill its Republican promise by granting juridicopolitical inclusion to a colonial population. These distinct but related political discourses illuminate central features of the mutually constitutive relationship between law, race, and citizenship in the French Republic.
Les fonds africains de l'Institut national de l'audiovisuel français, entre angoisse épistémologique et potentiel historiographique
Authors: Losch Flora 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Que sont devenus les enregistrements audiovisuels réalisés par la France en Afrique durant la période coloniale et la décolonisation ? Et à qui appartiennent-ils ? Partant de ces questions et d'un cheminement au sein des collections numérisées de l'Institut national de l'audiovisuel français (Ina), cet article propose de s'intéresser à une archive coloniale peu étudiée. En tant qu'archive-sujet, celle-ci constitue un lieu d'analyse stimulant de l'histoire coloniale, qui ne demande qu’à être investi par les historiens de la colonisation et les archivistes postcoloniaux.
Une ville-mine d'Algérie par les archives de ses protagonistes (Aïn Mokra, mi-XIXe siècle—fin XIXe siècle) : Jalons d'une micro-histoire en situation coloniale
Authors: Plarier Antonin , Guillopé Thierry 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
En 1845, les premières concessions minières en Algérie sous domination coloniale sont attribuées à une poignée de patrons français. Parmi ceux-ci, Jules Talabot, bientôt relayé par son frère Léon Talabot, prend possession du gisement d'Aïn Mokra situé à quelques kilomètres du port de Bône / Annaba. Après un début fastidieux, le site est mis en exploitation à une échelle industrielle au cours de la décennie 1860. Jusqu’à la fin du XIXe siècle, le site attire des travailleurs de tous les horizons méditerranéens. Algériens, Italiens, Français, Espagnols, Maltais, et Tunisiens s'y pressent, y travaillent, y vivent ou y meurent. Leurs statuts sont variés tant vis-à-vis de la citoyenneté française que dans leur rapport au travail. Les formes de travail contraint coexistent avec celles du travail libre. Ces migrations ne sont pas seulement masculines puisque des femmes travaillent aussi sur le site dans une division genrée du travail. Le site d'Aïn Mokra se présente alors comme un observatoire d'un XIXe siècle autant colonial qu'industriel que cet article se propose d'explorer dans une démarche micro-historique.