bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictions of Cognition-Task Interaction Under Destabilization
Authors: Hammond Kenneth R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter I address the problem of predicting the cognitive consequences of the disruption of a person’ s stabilized relations with a task environment. I take into consideration the two metatheories of coherence and correspondence, three types of tasks that are encountered by human beings, and three forms of cognition they bring to bear on them. I then examine the specific ways the two major forms of disruption, endogenous and exogenous, change cognition, as well as the consequences of such cognitive changes for successful action. These steps are taken as a direct consequence of all the ideas that have been put forward in the previous chapters. The reader should now lmow what is meant by “the two metatheories of coherence and correspondence” and should be able to use them to differentiate various theories of judgment and decision making. Readers should also be able to recognize “three types of tasks” as tasks located at different points on a Task Continuum Index. They should also be able to recognize “three forms of cognition” as cognitive functions located at different points on a cognitive continuum. And readers should be able to distinguish be tween “endogenous” and “exogenous” forms of disruption. With that background, readers will be prepared for a discussion of how such disruptions affect task-cognition interaction, and the consequences of specific forms of interaction. For that has been the goal of this book; to enhance understanding of the effects of what is commonly called “stress” on human judgment.
Moral Judgments Under Stress
Authors: Hammond Kenneth R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Can moral judgments be studied within a scientific framework? That question creates a serious problem for students of behavior; it directly challenges the limits of behavioral science. This challenge has frequently been made and can be clearly seen in the following remarks by Earle (in press) who places the study of moral judgments outside the purview of science: Moral judgment and behavior are uniquely resistant to psychological analysis because morality is traditionally construed in terms which do not admit of control by psychological laws. In particular, no action can be termed moral without thereby invoking the idea of freedom. An agent can act morally only on the condition that it is free Inthe fully emancipated state envisioned by the philosophers of the Enlightenment, the modern, autonomous individual need appeal no further than to the court of its own rationality for justification of its ... conduct in the world around it. Thus, regardless of whatever the psychological dimension of moral behavior may in fact be, there is no way around the purely conceptual dilemma that to account for moral behavior psychologically is to deny such behavior the exacted autonomy upon which its moral character is predicated; with the result that it is ipso facto no longer properly moral[italics added] behavior under consideration.
Small Vices
Authors: Olsen Christopher J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“Elections before the war were simple affairs to what they have since become,” recalled Mississippi’s Frank Montgomery. “In the election of county officers, [party] politics was unknown; Whigs and Democrats ran as they pleased, and were voted for without regard to their politics. The same was true of judges, who were then elective. Only in the election of state officers, members of the legislature, congress and in presidential elections was the line drawn.” Both Montgomery’s account and the pervasive antiparty rhetoric suggest that weak parties failed to cement voter loyalty. Of course, most people left no direct written evidence of their feelings. Election returns provide the only extensive record of their behavior, and, though incomplete and imperfect, they offer insight into the attitudes of otherwise inarticulate voters. In Mississippi the extraordinary number of elective offices and the consistently high voter turnout provide historians with uncommonly good evidence.
Chance
Authors: Olsen Christopher J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The intense competition and emotions he sensed in 1855 shocked Raymond’s editor George W. Harper. The veteran campaigner declared that “political excitement, asperity and bitterness, run higher at this time in Hinds county, than, possibly at any former period … During the last twelve years, certainly, we have witnessed nothing like it.” The voters’ enthusiasm resulted from the new American Party, an outgrowth of a secret nativist organization that started in New York City. The “Know-Nothings,” as they were usually called, attracted Protestants who resented the growing political power of Catholics and immigrants. Like the Masons, they maintained secrecy with cryptic handshakes and code words. The Know-Nothings entered politics as the American Party and stormed through several northern states in 1854 and 1855, sweeping aside many old leaders in a string of shocking electoral victories. In Mississippi Congressman Reuben Davis also remembered the new organization’s stunning success: “Men who were not even [known to be] candidates were elected to office against popular candidates whose race was expected to be a walk-over.”
Predicate Raising in Lummi, Straits Salish
Authors: Jelinek Eloise 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Lummi belongs to the North Straits Salish group of languages or dialects, spoken in the northwest coast area of North America. The architecture of the Lummi clause closely follows information structure. There is a focus position adjoining C, to which the predicate raises, placing it in sentence initial position. Lummi is a “polysynthetic” or pronominal argument language (Jelinek 1984, 1995) that manifests the following typological parameter:
Interrogative Sentences
Authors: Poletto Cecilia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Let us now tum to the higher section of the agreement field that we identified while examining different types of SCLs in chapter 2. As we saw, two SCL positions are realized lower than NegP and clearly within the IP layer, and two are realized higher than NegP in the CP layer. This chapter discusses the structure of the CP layer in main and embedded interrogative clauses. I provide a detailed analysis of the interaction between wh-elements and deictic SCLs and of the phenomenon known as subject clitic inversion (from now on SCI) or interrogative inflection in descriptive grammars on NIDs. I claim that SCI can be interpreted either as movement to a low C° position or as a pure morphological phenomenon that is not related to syntactic movement of the inflected verb to a higher position than that of declarative clauses, and the choice between the two analyses depends on the dialect chosen.
Lhermitte1s Sign
Authors: Frederiks Jos A M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Lhermitte’s sign consists of the sensation of a lightning discharge of electrically experienced paresthesias running down the spine into the legs and less often also into the arms; it is provoked by bending the neck. Lhermitte described his sign in patients with multiple sclerosis in 1924. History teaches, however, that Lhermitte’s sign is not pathognomic for multiple sclerosis. Moreover, it had been described earlier by other investigators. In fact, Lhermitte’s sign was “decrite par Pierre Marie et baptisee par Babinski”1 [described by Pierre Marie and baptised by Babinski]. Basically, the phenomenon is not really a “sign” but a symptom, an experience, expressed as a characteristic complaint of the patient.
Kennedy’s Wars
Authors: Freedman Lawrence 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
John Fitzgerald Kennedy's thousand days as President of the United States was filled with crisis and incident. The Cold War was at its height, and Kennedy faced challenges over the future of West Berlin, Cuba and Vietnam. Deeply fearful of a third world war, yet conscious that he must not be seen to be losing ground to Communism, Kennedy picked his way through these crises, trying to maintain American interests while reducing the risk of nuclear confrontation. At the time of his assassination, relations with the Soviet Union had improved significantly with the easing of tensions over Berlin and the signing of the test ban treaty, but he had yet to find a definitive solution to the Cuba problem and the situation in Vietnam was deteriorating. While recent biographies of Kennedy have addressed flaws in his character and private life, Freedman focuses on how he handled these big issues of war and peace. Drawing on a wealth of material, including newly released documents, and the best of Cold War scholarship, Freedman provides a compelling portrait of Kennedy. Particular attention is given to his views about international affairs and his conviction that the Third World was becoming the most important arena for Cold War competition. The book is full of drama as we watch Kennedy wrestling with a succession of major crises - taking advice, assessing situations, and forming judgements, coping with truculent allies as well as determined opponents.
Introduction
Authors: Freedman Lawrence 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
John fitzgerald kennedy was the second of nine children. His father, Joseph Kennedy, was the grandson of an Irish immigrant who had made his fortune by the time he was forty. Well established in Boston and a substantial contributor to Democratic Party funds, he had a succession of appointments under Roosevelt, culminating in his appointment as American ambassador to London in 1937. After the fall of France in the spring of 1940 his open view that a German victory was all but inevitable became deeply unpopular in Britain. After he resigned from the post at the end of that year he devoted himself to the political careers of his sons.
To Vienna and Back
Authors: Freedman Lawrence 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In early june l96l Kennedy met Khrushchev for a brid summit in Vi enna. Expected to set the scene for improved rdations, it ended with talk of war. The previous attempt at summit diplomacy, in Paris in May 1960, had also ended in acrimony when Khrushchev walked out lwcausc of Eiscnhowcr’s rdusal to apologize for the lT-2 incidcnt.1 For those who hdicvcd tlut the brgc issues of the cold w:ir could only he resolved through high-level diplomacT, this was a rrustrating time.
Mongoose
Authors: Freedman Lawrence 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Wiiile galking at assassination, Kennedy had by this time accepted the need for a more aggressive program against Castro’s n:gimc. His brother had proposed a dedicated “command operation” designed to trigger a revolt within the island. This rdkctcd the \Vhitc House staffs view that, contrary to the CI.A’s prcfrrcncc for operations established outside of Cuba using groups under direct CIA control, more independent anti Casffo rorces would be more effective.
The Denouement
Authors: Freedman Lawrence 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Join kennedy spent much or tiie crisis trying to dctcrmim: the effect of a particular course of action on lvloscow.1 To do this he put himsdf in Khrushchev’s shoes, supposing that the Soviet kadcr was cast in the same mold, responding to the same stimuli and facing the same sort of pn:ssun:s from his own hanl-lim:rs. He never fdt closer to Khrushchev than when he nnagmcd him luvmg to cope with &lt;l Curtis Lelvby of his own. 1 le understood the dirficulty in backing down rrnm public commit ments.
The “Majority” and Its Activities, 1902–1905
Authors: Şükrü Hanioğlu M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The 1902 Congress of Ottoman Opposition polarized the discord within the Young Turk movement, accelerating the rupture between two groups that had coexisted within the same movement in spite of their dissimilar viewpoints. This was in fact a schism among the leaders of the movement, not among the Young Turk sympathizers in the Ottoman Empire. As a matter of fact, Ali Fahri, who had advocated a convention for the purpose of creating a common front, spoke for many when he said, “Our compatriots within the empire kept telling us ‘please convene this congress.’ This is the essence of the matter.”1 European public opinion, having difficulty in discerning these differences, named the two factions as Les Jeunes-Turcs républicains and Les Jeunes-Turcs midhatistes. 2
The CUP Consolidates Its Revolution: An Epilogue
Authors: Şükrü Hanioğlu M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On July 25, 1908, a Russian civil agent commented that the CUP and the Third Army controlled all the towns of Macedonia as if there were no government.1 Nothing could better describe the situation in the Ottoman Empire after the revolution than this remark. In the three European provinces the CUP established de facto control, whereas the other regions of the empire were not even aware of the revolutionary movement, learning of it only after the restoration of the constitutional regime.2
Introduction
Authors: Rozenblit Marsha L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book studies the impact of war and political crisis on Jewish national identity. It focuses on the Jews of Austria-Hungary during and just after World War I to understand how Jews, and by extension ethnic minorities in general, constructed their national, ethnic, and cultural identities—and then reconstructed them when profound political transformations required them to do so. The question is how the Jews understood their relationship to the state in which they lived, both to the multinational, supranational Habsburg Monarchy and to the nation-states that replaced it in late 1918. Their relationship reveals much about the nature of Jewish identity in the modern world, about national identity in East Central Europe, and about the meaning of national, ethnic, and cultural identity in general.
The Jews of Austria-Hungary on the Eve of World War I
Authors: Rozenblit Marsha L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Numbering over two million, Austro-Hungarian Jews in the early twentieth century were a group that defies simple description. They were not monolithic with a universally held identity or life-style. As the Dual Monarchy itself was a complicated mosaic of disparate national, ethnic, religious, linguistic, economic, and social groups, so the Jews of the Monarchy embraced a whole range of radically different identities. These identities all took Jewish tradition as a starting point, but they developed differently depending on the region of the Monarchy in which the Jews resided, on the degree to which Jews had experienced socioeconomic modernization, and on the dynamics of Jewish involvement in the contentious nationality politics of Austria-Hungary. The Jews of Austria-Hungary did not share an occupational profile, even if they all differed from the prevailing economic patterns. They did not have a common language, although many did share a second or third tongue. They did not live in the same region, even if they concentrated in a few provinces, or hold a common political ideology, even if they agreed on some issues. They did not even all practice the religion of their ancestors.
Extraversion and Optimal Level of Arousal in High-Risk Work
Authors: Farthofer Alois , Brandstaätter Hermann 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In some professions, for example, surgery, transport, or the nuclear power industry (Bogner, 1994; Wickens, 1992; Wilpert & Qvale, 1993), the health and safety of people depends heavily on the quality of job performance. Accidents and dangerous incidents reveal the sensitivity of socio-technical systems to human errors, and these have stimulated a substantial amount of research on human factors in human-machine-systems, focusing mainly on information processing, which leads to either efficient or faulty performance in hazardous work systems (Carayon, 1994; Omodei & Wearing, 1995; Reason, 1990; Salvendy, 1997; Wickens, 1992, 1996; Wickens, Stokes, Barnett, & Hymann, 1993). Meister (as cited in Wickens, 1992, p. 3) defines the study of human factors as “the study of how humans accomplish work-related tasks in the context of human-machine system operation, and how behavioral and non-behavioral variables affect that accomplishment.”
Everyday Life of Commuters, Wives
Authors: Rodler Christa , Kirchler Erich 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Early studies of the psychological consequences of wives’ work often indicated that working outside the home is generally more emotionally fulfilling than being a full-time housewife. Recent studies (Barnett & Baruch, 1985; Brandstaätter & Wagner, 1994), however, paint a more complex picture. The characteristics of housework need to be considered very closely. Studies dealing with housework and its influence on the well-being of women have investigated housework from the perspective of work psychology (Orendi & Ruäckert, 1982). They propose that well-being depends on the positive or negative effect of various work characteristics: autonomy, fragmentation of work, routine, and rewards.
The Adaptive Potential of Coping Through Emotional Approach
Authors: Stanton Annette L , Parsa Anita , Austenfeld Jennifer L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The words of this woman participating in our research on adjustment to breast cancer capture the focus of this chapter: an exploration of the adaptive potential of acknowledging, understanding, and expressing one’s emotions under stressful conditions. Although some theorists have emphasized the destructive capacity of intense emotions, newer functionalist perspectives highlight their adaptive utility. We begin by attempting to reconcile findings in the empirical stress and coping literature suggesting that emotion-oriented coping is maladaptive with contrasting theoretical and empirical evidence from other domains indicating that processing and expressing emotion can be useful.
The Role of Personal Control in Adaptive Functioning
Authors: Thompson Suzanne C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The focus of positive psychology is on adaptive functioning, including the human capacity to maintain emotional well-being despite setback, major trauma, and the ups and downs of ordinary life. Perceived control is particularly relevant to this positive focus on the ability to find a meaningful life even in difficult circumstances. What is amazing about personal control is not just the adaptive function it serves but the incredible capacity many people have for keeping a sense of control in circumstances that appear to offer limited options. Examples of the ability to find a sense of control even in the most dire of situations abound. One particularly instructive example is described in Victor Frankl’s (1963) autobiographical account of life as a prisoner in a Nazi concentration camp. Frankl relates how a sense of meaning and control in life was essential to survival.
The Passion to Know A Developmental Perspective
Authors: Schulman Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To the average person this may not be surprising. People always have been fascinated by Mars, and now, finally, we could see it up close. But we psychologists should not be so nonchalant about those 566 million hits. Our theories have depicted humankind as drivereducing organisms (Dollard & Miller, 1950; Freud, 1917/1949), stimulus-seeking organisms (Berlyne, 1960), arousal-optimizing organisms (Fiske & Maddi, 1961), competence-seeking organisms (Deci & Ryan, 1985), and computerlike information-processing organisms (Newell & Simon, 1972). But we have not paid sufficient attention to humans as pure knowledgeseeking or information-seeking organisms—despite the fact that human beings seeking knowledge are everywhere to behold, even on the Internet.
Relationship Connection The Role of Minding in the Enhancement of Closeness
Authors: Harvey John H , Pauwels Brian G , Zickmund Susan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Our purpose in this chapter is to articulate the concept of relationship connection and to propose that it is a vital part of positive psychology. What is relationship connection? In the present chapter, this term will refer to ways in which people can enhance their closeness with others with whom they have romantic relationships. How can romantic couples maintain and enhance closeness? By closeness, we mean mutual satisfaction and behavior that contributes to one another’s goals and hopes in life. While our ideas have been developed in the context of close, romantic relationships, they also have relevance to friendships and family relationships.
A Role for Neuropsychology in Understanding the Facilitating Influence of Positive Affect on Social Behavior and Cognitive Processes
Authors: Isen Alice M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A growing body of research indicates that mild positive affect (happy feelings), induced in subtle, common ways that can occur frequently in everyday life, facilitates a broad range of important social behaviors and thought processes. For example, work from approximately the past decade shows that positive affect leads to greater creativity (e.g., Isen, Daubman, & Nowicki, 1987; see Isen, 1999a, for review); improved negotiation processes and outcomes (Carnevale & Isen, 1986); and more thorough, open-minded, flexible thinking and problem solving (e.g., Estrada, Isen, & Young, 1997; Isen, Rosenzweig, & Young, 1991). And this is in addition to earlier work showing that positive affect promotes generosity and social responsibility in interpersonal interactions (see, e.g., Isen, 1987, for re- view).
Can Partner Aggression Be Stopped With Psychosocial Interventions?
Authors: O’Leary K Daniel , Vega Edward M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The problem of partner aggression or partner abuse has been gaining attention for the past 25 years, and research on the topic has burgeoned in the past decade. Research on correlates and predictors of physical aggression against partners has documented numerous factors associated with and/or predictive of partner aggression (Gelles & Loseke, 1993; O’Leary, 1993; Schumacher, Feldbau-Kohn, Slep, & Heyman, 2001). In addition, there have been significant advances in the formulation of arrest policies and community responses to violence (Aldarondo & Mederos, 2002). However, it has been difficult to implement and evaluate intervention research with men who abuse their partners and with the victims of such abuse. This difficulty is best evidenced in the reviews of the literature which suggest that interventions for physically abusive men may be effective, but also indicate that the evidence is not yet convincing (Edleson & Tolman, 1992; Rosenfeld, 1992). While a meta-analysis documents a very small but significant effect of interventions for partner aggression, the comparison group was men who dropped out of treatment (Babcock, Green, & Robie, 2004). Thus, as will later be discussed, despite the fact that there are numerous studies that show that about 66% of men do not engage in physical aggression following an intervention, there is no unequivocal evidence supporting the interventions themselves. In this chapter, we attempt to address some difficult problems that we believe have impeded progress in the area of treatment for partner abuse. Specifically, we address (a) the lack of conceptual diversity in the area, (b) the high dropout rate in programs for batterers, and (c) the lack of interventions or treatments that meet the American Psychological Association (APA) criteria for empirically supported treatments. We also address the types of research questions that need to be addressed in future research.