bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electromagnetic emission of integrated circuits induced by ionizing radiation and its measurement uncertainties
Authors: Czepl Nikolaus , Juch Nikolaus , Deutschmann Bernd 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this article, we show the change of electromagnetic emission (EME) of integrated circuits (ICs) and their external circuitry induced by the presence of ionizing radiation. We use the 150 Ohm method according to IEC 61967‑4 to characterize the conducted emission of our tested integrated circuit (IC) at the VDD pin. Simultaneously to measuring the electromagnetic emission, we irradiate the IC with X‑rays. The irradiation process is carried out up to a dose of 5 Mrad using a high-power X‑ray radiation source. The electromagnetic emission spectra are retrieved before, during and after the irradiation process. We also show that special caution regarding radio frequency (RF) measurements must be used when performing combined testing. Therefore, we analyze the composition of measurement uncertainties of electromagnetic compatibility in combination with ionizing radiation hardness characterization. This article contains measurement results showing the negative impact of ionizing radiation on the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of an IC. Additionally we provide measures to ensure properly combined measurements of EME and ionizing radiation. Therefore we show how to reduce the electromagnetic interference originating from the high-voltage generator that is necessary to generate X‑rays.
Optimierung der Klauswehrordnung des Mondsees, Teil I – Hydraulik
Authors: Preiml Max , Klingler Christoph , Holzmann Hubert , Lichtneger Petr , Sindelar Christine , Habersack Helmut 
Published: January 2024

ZusammenfassungZiel dieser Arbeit ist die Quantifizierung der hydraulischen Leistungsfähigkeit des Abflusssystems am Mondsee, Österreich. Die hier gewonnenen Ergebnisse dienen als hydraulische Grundlage im Prozess der Optimierung der Seesteuerung und definieren die technisch-hydraulischen Grenzen für Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung des Hochwasserrisikomanagements. Mithilfe eines hybriden Modellierungsansatzes – bestehend aus numerischer und physikalischer Modellierung sowie Feldmessungen zur Kalibrierung und Validierung – konnte gezeigt werden, dass die bestehenden hydraulischen Verhältnisse abflussbegrenzend wirken und die Seewasserstände bei Hochwasserereignissen erhöhen können. Die verringerte hydraulische Leistungsfähigkeit des Wehrzulaufs schränkt die derzeitige Seesteuerung am Klauswehr ein und limitiert die Möglichkeit einer Optimierung. Eine deutliche Erhöhung des Abflusses ist durch die Vergrößerung des effektiven Fließquerschnitts, Verringerung des Strömungswiderstands im Wehrzulauf und Anpassung der Klappenstellung am Wehr möglich. Die hydraulischen Analysen wurden von einer Stakeholderbefragung begleitet, aus der Einschränkungen und nutzerspezifische Kriterien für die Überarbeitung der Seesteuerung am Klauswehr abgeleitet werden konnten. Die Einbeziehung der Interessen der Betroffenen werden als entscheidender Schritt zu einer allgemein akzeptierten und damit realisierbaren optimierten Seesteuerung für ein verbessertes Hochwasserrisikomanagement am Mondsee angesehen.
Distribution of individual mud fractions in a tidal basin of the East Frisian Wadden Sea (southern North Sea): affinities between sortable silts, aggregated particle suites, and calcium carbonate and organic matter contents
Authors: Flemming Burg , Chang Tae Soo , Delafontaine Monique , Bartholomä Alex 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn the 1990s and early 2000s, it was recognized that marine muds consisted of sortable silt (63–8 µm) and aggregated (< 8 µm) particle suites and that these responded differentially to the hydraulic sorting process. Among the aggregated particle suite, the composition and hydraulic behavior of fecal pellets received the least attention. The present study focused on a tidal basin (~ 71 km2) of the East Frisian Wadden Sea (southern North Sea), in which the depositional patterns of both the sortable silt and aggregated mud fractions were compared with the aim of identifying similarities and/or dissimilarities. The results show essentially dissimilar trends, the sortable silt suite being characterized by two non-overlapping hydraulic populations, the aggregated particle suite by three overlapping populations with modal diameters separated by only a few microns. The depositional pattern of the latter is interpreted to suggest that the hydraulic populations relate to specific fecal pellet groups, each composed of a different discrete grain-size spectrum produced by different filter-feeding organisms. At the same time, it is demonstrated that the distribution of organic matter is closely linked to the aggregated (< 8 µm) particle suite. The CaCO3 content, by contrast, is linked to the mud fraction by a power relationship, the large data scatter suggesting multiple sources. Budget calculations show that the standing stock of mud in the uppermost 5 cm of the sediment in the tidal basin amounts to ~ 0.461 × 106 tons (9.78% of the total sediment), of which ~ 31.3 × 103 tons (0.67% of the total sediment) are contributed by organic matter.
Graphical abstract
An island detection methodology with protection against cyber attack
Authors: Shukla Apoorva , Dutta Soham , Sadhu Pradip Kumar , Dey Bishwajit 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUnplanned islanding of micro-grids is a significant barrier to supplying continuous power to key customers. The identification of the islanding moments must be rapid to enable the distributed generators (DG) to perform control measures in the shortest possible period. Micro phasor measuring units (µ-PMU) are gaining popularity in distribution systems and micro grids as a result of their ability to produce high-quality data at a high speed. These µ-PMUs can be utilized to detect islands. However, the µ-PMU relies heavily on the communication system for transmission of data, which is vulnerable to cyberattacks. In consideration of the previous technique, this research provides a smart island detection application with µ-PMU having lowered cyberattack probabilities. This representation is equipped with a µ-PMU implemented on the relevant DG’s bus. The voltage data acquired from these µ-PMUs are processed using the sequence transformation in order to simulate the sequence component angle. The angular sum of the negative and positive sequence components is evaluated and the maximum value is deployed for detection of islanding. MATLAB/Simulink tests the proposed approach through an IEEE-34 node distribution network. Multiple simulations demonstrate the robustness of the technique.
Detection and complete genome sequence analysis of human adenovirus in children with acute diarrhea in Yunnan, China, 2015–2021
Authors: Cao Yihui , Yang Jinghui , Li Nan , Zhang Ruixian , Jiang Lili , Zhou Xiaofang , Xiang Yibin , Cun Jianping , Qiao Enfa 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe aims of this study were to determine the distribution and prevalence of gastroenteritis caused by human adenovirus (HAdV) in children in Yunnan province, China, in 2015–2021 and to identify preventive measures that can be taken to reduce morbidity and mortality in children.HAdV is a significant agent of diarrhea in children, but limited data are available regarding the epidemiology and genetic diversity of HAdV in children with diarrhea in Yunnan province, China. A total of 1754 fecal samples were subjected to real-time RT-PCR to detect and quantify HAdV. Positive samples were further analyzed using next-generation sequencing (NGS), and epidemiological data were analyzed as well.1754 patients with diarrhea were enrolled, of which 1041 were male and 713 were female (M:F ratio: 1.46). Seventy-two stool samples out of 1754 (4.10%) were positive for HAdV. The detection rates of all age groups varied from 2.50–4.78%. The highest incidence of HAdV was observed in children under 2 years of age, especially in children 12–24 months-old. From 2015–2021, the annual detection rate ranged from 1.62–12.26%. HAdV was detected throughout the year, but with marked seasonality. Children were most likely to be positive for HAdV in June and November. We detected HAdV in 15.53% (16/103) of samples collected in June and in 8.19% (14/171) of those collected in November. The entire viral genome was successfully sequenced for 13 of the 72 HAdV-positive samples, and 76.92% (10/13) of these were classified as genotype F41 and 23.08% (3/13) were classified as genotype C2.ConclusionsIn Yunnan province, children of all ages are susceptible to HAdV infection, but there has been marked variation in the yearly prevalence. The highest rate of HAdV detection was in June, followed by November. Priority should be given to disease prevention over the development of targeted antiviral therapies, and effective vaccines for preventing HAdV diarrhea are needed. It is also important to establish a surveillance system to collect relevant clinical and epidemiological data quickly in order to assess the potential risk of HAdV infection in children and to identify epidemic strains for the development of effective vaccines.
Salivary Th17 cytokine, human β-defensin 1–3, and salivary scavenger and agglutinin levels in Crohn’s disease
Authors: Gürsoy Ulvi Kahraman , Gürsoy Mervi , Loimaranta Vuokko , Rautava Jaana 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Crohn’s disease patients, who are prone to develop periodontal diseases, may carry genetic defects in their Th17 cytokine, human beta-defensin (hBD) 1–3, and salivary and scavenger agglutinin (SALSA) expressions. Biochemical composition of saliva reflects the oral consequences of systemic immune response modifications. Our aim was to evaluate the salivary Th17 cytokine, epithelial hBD 1–3, and SALSA levels in relation to Crohn’s disease.

Materials and methods
This cross-sectional study included 42 Crohn’s disease patients and 34 systemically healthy controls. Periodontal and dental indexes were measured, and stimulated saliva samples were collected. Salivary Th17 cytokine levels were analyzed by multiplex technique, and hBD 1–3 and SALSA levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results
There were 19 gingivitis and 11 initial periodontitis patients in the Crohn’s disease group, and 15 gingivitis and 4 initial periodontitis in the control group. In comparison to controls, higher salivary Th17 cytokine levels were observed in Crohn’s disease patients. No statistical difference was observed between Crohn’s disease and control groups in terms of their salivary hBD 1–3 and SALSA levels. Based on the regression analysis, there is no independent association between Crohn’s disease and salivary Th17 cytokine levels.

Conclusions
Crohn’s disease does not relate to salivary antimicrobial hBD 1–3 or SALSA levels. While Crohn’s disease patients have higher salivary Th17 cytokine levels in comparison to systemically healthy controls, an independent association between Crohn’s disease and Th17 cytokine profile is still missing.

Clinical relevance
Diminished Th17 cytokine response in Crohn’s disease, which might be related to genetic susceptibility, can be also visualized in saliva.
Sequential sentence classification in research papers using cross-domain multi-task learning
Authors: Brack Arthur , Entrup Elias , Stamatakis Markos , Buschermöhle Pascal , Hoppe Anett , Ewerth Ralph 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe automatic semantic structuring of scientific text allows for more efficient reading of research articles and is an important indexing step for academic search engines. Sequential sentence classification is an essential structuring task and targets the categorisation of sentences based on their content and context. However, the potential of transfer learning for sentence classification across different scientific domains and text types, such as full papers and abstracts, has not yet been explored in prior work. In this paper, we present a systematic analysis of transfer learning for scientific sequential sentence classification. For this purpose, we derive seven research questions and present several contributions to address them: (1) We suggest a novel uniform deep learning architecture and multi-task learning for cross-domain sequential sentence classification in scientific text. (2) We tailor two transfer learning methods to deal with the given task, namely sequential transfer learning and multi-task learning. (3) We compare the results of the two best models using qualitative examples in a case study. (4) We provide an approach for the semi-automatic identification of semantically related classes across annotation schemes and analyse the results for four annotation schemes. The clusters and underlying semantic vectors are validated using k-means clustering. (5) Our comprehensive experimental results indicate that when using the proposed multi-task learning architecture, models trained on datasets from different scientific domains benefit from one another. Our approach significantly outperforms state of the art on full paper datasets while being on par for datasets consisting of abstracts.
Migratory pattern of zoonotic Toxocara cati and T. canis in experimentally infected pigs
Authors: Poulsen Casper Sahl , Yoshida Ayako , Wellbrant Tinna Thordardottir , Leifsson Pall Skuli , Skallerup Per , Thamsborg Stig Milan , Nejsum Peter 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Over a billion people are infected with Toxocara canis or T. cati, the roundworms of dogs and cats. Historically, T. canis has been considered the main species responsible for human toxocarosis, but as serodiagnosis cannot discriminate between the two species, this remains unresolved. We used pigs as a relevant large animal model for human infection to assess the migratory pattern of T. cati and T. canis.

Methods
Pigs were inoculated with T. cati or T. canis eggs or PBS (negative controls) and necropsied 14 or 31 days later. Different organs and tissues were examined for parasites and pathological changes.

Results
Overall, the two parasite species had a similar migration pattern reaching multiple organs and tissues, including the mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and diaphragm. We recovered larvae of both species in the brain, suggesting that T. cati also can cause neurological toxocarosis in humans. Both species induced systemic eosinophilia and histopathological changes in the lungs, livers, and mesenteric lymph nodes.

Conclusion
This study emphasises the importance of T. cati as a zoonotic agent and the need to develop diagnostic methods that can differentiate between sources of infection in humans.
Evaluation of chlorophyll-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy on cancer cell lines
Authors: Adnane Fadya , Soliman Soliman Mehawed Abdellatif , ElZayat Emad , Abdelsalam Essam M. , Fahmy Heba Mohamed 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Chlorophyll (Chl) is a promising natural photosensitizer (PS) in photodynamic treatment (PDT). Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) were chosen to increase the effectiveness of PDT. This study aimed to evaluate the synergistic efficacy of chlorophyll-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (Chl-MSNs) with photodynamic therapy (PDT) and to investigate their potential toxicity in HepG2, MDA-MB-231, and HSF cell lines. Chl-MSNs were prepared via the physical adsorption method. TEM, DLS, and zeta potential examined morphology, size, and surface characteristics. MSNs and Chl-MSNs were characterized using the same techniques. HPLC was used to assess the encapsulation efficiency. At pH 7.4, an in vitro release experiment of Chl-MSNs was performed. Chl, MSNs, and Chl-MSNs were applied to the three cell lines at different concentrations and subjected to red (650 nm) and blue (450–500 nm) lasers. MSNs and Chl-MSNs’ sizes were 90.338 ± 38.49 nm and 123.84 ± 15.67 nm, respectively, as obtained by TEM; the hydrodynamic diameter for MSNs (93.69 ± 20.53 nm) and Chl-MSNs (212.95 ± 19.76 nm); and their zeta potential values are − 16.7 ± 2.19 mV and − 18.84 ± 1.40 mV. The encapsulation efficiency of Chl-MSNs was 70%. Chl-MSNs displayed no toxicity in dark conditions but showed excellent photostability under blue and red light exposure. Furthermore, using Chl over Chl-MSNs has a higher PDT efficiency than the tested cell lines. Chl-MSNs have the potential to be an effective delivery system. PDT proved to be an essential technique for cancer treatment. Blue laser is recommended over red laser with Chl and MSNs for destroying cancer cells.

Graphical Abstract
Biological and targeting differences between the rare KRAS A146T and canonical KRAS mutants in gastric cancer models
Authors: Puliga Elisabetta , De Bellis Chiara , Vietti Michelina Sandra , Capeloa Tania , Migliore Cristina , Orrù Claudia , Baiocchi Gian Luca , De Manzoni Giovanni , Pietrantonio Filippo , Reddavid Rossella , Fumagalli Romario Uberto , Ambrogio Chiara , Corso Simona , Giordano Silvia 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, with a poor prognosis for patients with advanced disease. Since the oncogenic role of KRAS mutants has been poorly investigated in GC, this study aims to biochemically and biologically characterize different KRAS-mutated models and unravel differences among KRAS mutants in response to therapy.

Methods
Taking advantage of a proprietary, molecularly annotated platform of more than 200 GC PDXs (patient-derived xenografts), we identified KRAS-mutated PDXs, from which primary cell lines were established. The different mutants were challenged with KRAS downstream inhibitors in in vitro and in vivo experiments.

Results
Cells expressing the rare KRAS A146T mutant showed lower RAS-GTP levels compared to those bearing the canonical G12/13D mutations. Nevertheless, all the KRAS-mutated cells displayed KRAS addiction. Surprisingly, even if the GEF SOS1 is considered critical for the activation of KRAS A146T mutants, its abrogation did not significantly affect cell viability. From the pharmacologic point of view, Trametinib monotherapy was more effective in A146T than in G12D-mutated models, suggesting a vulnerability to MEK inhibition. However, in the presence of mutations in the PI3K pathway, more frequently co-occurrent in A146T models, the association of Trametinib and the AKT inhibitor MK-2206 was required to optimize the response.

Conclusion
A deeper genomic and biological characterization of KRAS mutants might sustain the development of more efficient and long-lasting therapeutic options for patients harbouring KRAS-driven GC.
On spillovers in economic evaluations: definition, mapping review and research agenda
Authors: Mendoza-Jiménez María J. , van Exel Job , Brouwer Werner 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAn important issue in economic evaluations is determining whether all relevant impacts are considered, given the perspective chosen for the analysis. Acknowledging that patients are not isolated individuals has important implications in this context. Increasingly, the term “spillovers” is used to label consequences of health interventions on others. However, a clear definition of spillovers is lacking, and as a result, the scope of the concept remains unclear. In this study, we aim to clarify the concept of spillovers by proposing a definition applicable in health economic evaluations. To illustrate the implications of this definition, we highlight the diversity of potential spillovers through an expanded impact inventory and conduct a mapping review that outlines the evidence base for the different types of spillovers. In the context of economic evaluations of health interventions, we define spillovers as all impacts from an intervention on all parties or entities other than the users of the intervention under evaluation. This definition encompasses a broader range of potential costs and effects, beyond informal caregivers and family members. The expanded impact inventory enables a systematic approach to identifying broader impacts of health interventions. The mapping review shows that the relevance of different types of spillovers is context-specific. Some spillovers are regularly included in economic evaluations, although not always recognised as such, while others are not. A consistent use of the term “spillovers”, improved measurement of these costs and effects, and increased transparency in reporting them are still necessary. To that end, we propose a research agenda.
Partial substitution of red meat or processed meat with plant-based foods and the risk of colorectal cancer
Authors: Tammi Rilla , Kaartinen Niina E , Harald Kennet , Maukonen Mirkka , Tapanainen Heli , Smith-Warner Stephanie A , Albanes Demetrius , Eriksson Johan G , Jousilahti Pekka , Koskinen Seppo , Laaksonen Maarit A , Heikkinen Sanna , Pitkäniemi Janne , Pajari Anne-Maria , Männistö Satu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Shifting from animal-based to plant-based diets could reduce colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence. Currently, the impacts of these dietary shifts on CRC risk are ill-defined. Therefore, we examined partial substitutions of red or processed meat with whole grains, vegetables, fruits or a combination of these in relation to CRC risk in Finnish adults.

Methods
We pooled five Finnish cohorts, resulting in 43 788 participants aged ≥ 25 years (79% men). Diet was assessed by validated food frequency questionnaires at study enrolment. We modelled partial substitutions of red (100 g/week) or processed meat (50 g/week) with corresponding amounts of plant-based foods. Cohort-specific hazard ratios (HR) for CRC were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models and pooled together using random-effects models. Adjustments included age, sex, energy intake and other relevant confounders.

Results
During the median follow-up of 28.8 years, 1124 CRCs were diagnosed. We observed small risk reductions when red meat was substituted with vegetables (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95 − 0.99), fruits (0.97, 0.94 − 0.99), or whole grains, vegetables and fruits combined (0.97, 0.95 − 0.99). For processed meat, these substitutions yielded 1% risk reductions. Substituting red or processed meat with whole grains was associated with a decreased CRC risk only in participants with < median whole grain intake (0.92, 0.86 − 0.98; 0.96, 0.93 − 0.99, respectively; pinteraction=0.001).

Conclusions
Even small, easily implemented substitutions of red or processed meat with whole grains, vegetables or fruits could lower CRC risk in a population with high meat consumption. These findings broaden our insight into dietary modifications that could foster CRC primary prevention.
Virtual Properties: Problems and Prospects
Authors: Declos Alexandre 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAccording to David Chalmers, the virtual entities found in Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) environments instantiate virtual properties of a specific kind. It has recently been objected that such a view (i) can’t extend to all types of properties; (ii) leads to a proliferation of property-types; (iii) implausibly ascribes massive errors to VR and AR users; and (iv) faces an analogue of Jackson’s “many-property problem”. My first objective here is to show that advocates of virtual properties can deal with each of these objections. The other goal of this paper is to examine the consequences of Chalmers’ theory in the particular case of AR. If we countenance virtual properties, AR highlights that non-virtual objects can possess both non-virtual and virtual properties. With AR, it also appears that a same non-virtual object can have different and even incompatible properties across augmented environments. Lastly, considering properties in light of AR highlights the risk of an “augmented solipsism”, and calls forth interesting questions about the persistence conditions of non-virtual objects in AR environments.