bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Doppler velocimetry of the uterine artery as a screening test for gestational hypertension
Authors: Valensise H. , Bezzeccheri V. , Rizzo G. , Tranquilli A.‐L. , Garzetti G. G. , Romanini C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractDoppler ultrasound was used to study the main uterine artery flow velocity waveforms in an unselected population of 272 primiparous women at 22 weeks' gestation. The incidences of subsequent complications were as follows: gestational hypertension alone, 4.4%; intrauterine fetal growth retardation alone, 4%; and gestational hypertension with intrauterine growth retardation, 3.6%. The flow velocity waveform was considered abnormal when the resistance index in the uterine artery was greater than 0.58. This identified 9.5% of the population as ‘at risk’ and predicted either of the above outcomes with an overall sensitivity of 74% (kappa index, 0.72). The sensitivity of prediction for gestational hypertension alone was 50% while for proteinuric gestational hypertension it was 88%. The best result was obtained for the prediction of pregnancies affected by both gestational hypertension and intrauterine growth retardation, where the sensitivity was 100%. Copyright © 1993 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Fetal acidosis and Doppler velocimetry of the umbilical arteries in labor
Authors: Stuart I. P. , Lindow S. W. , van der Elst C. W. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe objective of the study was to determine whether Doppler velocimetry indices of the fetal umbilical arteries change with the development of acidosis during labor. Repeated Doppler velocimetry was performed in selected patients with high‐risk labors for the purpose of evaluating whether this might be a useful test of fetal well‐being in labor. The study sample comprised 36 women with singleton pregnancies, complicated either by gestational proteinuric hypertension or by intrauterine growth retardation (or both) with a normal cardiotocographic tracing at the onset of labor. The acid–base status of the fetus was assessed after delivery by analyzing the umbilical artery blood. A total of 27 fetuses were followed through labor. Six were born with an umbilical artery base deficit of more than 10 mmol/l. No change in mean Pourcelot ratio (resistance index) was noted in both normal and acidotic fetuses. None of the acidotic fetuses showed a change in Pourcelot ratio of more than 0.03. We conclude that Doppler velocimetry of the umbilical arteries, as measured by the Pourcelot ratio, does not contribute to the diagnosis of fetal acidosis in labor. Copyright © 1993 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Transvaginal sonography in the diagnosis of pelvic malignant recurrence: integration of sonography and needle‐guided biopsy
Authors: Volpi E. , Zola P. , De Grandis T. , Rumore A. , Volpe T. , Sismondi P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of transvaginal sonography and sonography plus needle biopsy in detecting pelvic malignant recurrence.We scanned 24 patients already treated for gynecological malignancy, 21 of whom underwent needle biopsy under sonographic guidance. Thirteen patients were affected by cervical cancer, ten by ovarian cancer, and one by endometrial‐ovarian carcinoma.Sonography detected 16 solid or cystic‐solid masses (median size 52 mm, range 15–85 mm), one case of ascites, and one liquid mass (hematoma). All the patients in whom a suspicious mass was detected had recurrence. In the six patients in whom no mass was visible, two had recurrence. Needle biopsy was able to demonstrate recurrence in 17 patients (also in two false‐negative scans). In one, even though sonography detected a mass, the histological sample was negative, but recurrence was later diagnosed by laparotomy.Accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of transvaginal sonography were respectively 91.6%, 89.4% and 100%. The positive predictive value was 100% and the negative predictive value was 71.4%. Transvaginal sonography was shown to be a useful means of detecting pelvic recurrence. Copyright © 1994 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
First‐trimester uteroplacental and fetal blood flow velocity waveforms in normally developing fetuses: a longitudinal study
Authors: van Zalen‐Sprock M. M. , van Vugt J. M. G. , Colenbrander G. J. , van Geijn H. P. 
Published: March 2003

Our objectives were to obtain a complete overview of uteroplacental and fetal hemodynamics early in pregnancy and to record flow velocity waveforms in the vitelline artery using color Doppler equipment. Flow velocity waveforms were recorded in 18 uneventful pregnancies between 6 and 16 weeks of gestation. Doppler recordings were made of the left and right uterine and spiral arteries from 6 weeks of gestation onwards. Recordings of c the umbilical artery, fetal aorta and fetal cerebral arteries started in weeks 7, 8 and 9, respectively. Where possible, the vitelline arteries were also recorded. The resistance and pulsatility indices and 95% confidence intervals for predictions were calculated.For the uterine and spiral arteries, characteristics of the waveforms were assessed. The resistance index of both uterine and spiral arteries gradually decreased with advancing pregnancy. For the umbilical artery, aorta and cerebral artery, the earliest possible Doppler recordings and characteristics of the waveforms were established. The pulsatility index of the umbilical arteries and fetal aorta showed a sharp decrease towards the 16th week. The pulsatility index of the fetal cerebral artery showed only a mild decrease towards week 16. In a longitudinal analysis, there were significant changes of the resistance and pulsatility indices for each patient. In the vitelline artery, recordings were possible in eight out of 18 fetuses, and only in weeks 7 and 8 of gestation. The pulsatility index showed a wide range and was not dependent on menstrual age.Knowledge of the normal flow velocity waveforms in the maternal uteroplacental and fetal circulations early in pregnancy may lead to a better understanding of physiological mechanisms.
Fetal cerebral blood flow velocity during labor and the early neonatal period
Authors: Maesel A. , Sladkevicius P. , Valentin L. , Maršál K. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis study was performed to elucidate circulatory changes in the fetal cerebral circulation during uncomplicated labor and in early neonatal life. Eighteen healthy term singleton fetuses were followed longitudinally during labor. Using the transabdominal approach, and the color Doppler technique, the middle cerebral artery was identified and Doppler flow velocity waveforms recorded between and during uterine contractions. Neonatal recordings were made by insonating the middle cerebral artery from the temporal region before and immediately after the cutting of the umbilical cord, and at 1 hour and 1 day after birth. The recorded Doppler signals were evaluated for pulsatility index, heart rate, peak systolic flow velocity, end‐diastolic flow velocity and time‐averaged maximum velocity. There was no change in the pulsatility index between and during contractions (1.39 ± 0.36 and 1.40 ± 0.39, respectively, mean ± SD). A significant decrease in the pulsatility index compared to fetal values was seen 4 min after birth (1.06 ± 0.30, p < 0.01). One hour after birth, the pulsatility index values increased significantly (1.52 ± 0.25, p < 0.001), to fall again between I hour and 1 day after birth (0.95 ± 0.26, p < 0.001). Mechanical compression of the skull, blood gas changes and a decrease in ductal shunting may all have contributed to these changes. The present study has shown physiological neonatal circulatory adaptation and onset of breathing to cause manifest changes in cerebral blood flow velocity. Copyright © 1994 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Use of an endolaparoscopic probe in conservative management of Fallopian pregnancy
Authors: Giordano B. , Contino B. , Gippa R. , Armellino F. , Alovisi C. , Gargiulo T. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe incidence of extrauterine pregnancy has shown an increasing trend, exceeding one out of every 100 term pregnancies. This has resulted in the development of more and more conservative surgical treatments in order to retain the fertility of women. The use of operative laparoscopy has led to progress being made in this direction, due to reduced tissue trauma and a reduction in the number of peritoneal adhesions. Tubal isthmic pregnancies tend to cause an irregular increase in the size of the whole tube, which causes problems for pinpointing the exact site of the ectopic implantation. It is often necessary to make a longitudinal incision in the tubal wall to identify the chorionic tissue and remove it completely. In an attempt to avoid this unnecessarily extensive surgery, we used an echographic sector probe under laparoscopic control to locate the exact area of the ectopic implantation. We found it was possible to remove the villous tissue through a very short and precise cut in the tubal wall which facilitated the drainage of the lumen and reduced the bleeding normally associated with more extensive tubal surgery. Hysterosalpingographic follow‐up studies after 2 months showed good tubal recanalization. Copyright © 1994 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Three‐dimensional ultrasound in diagnosing phocomelia
Authors: Lee A. , Kratochwil A. , Deutinger J. , Bernaschek G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractDeformations of the extremities with limb reduction are rare congenital defects which affect one in 1692 live babies. Three‐dimensional ultrasound can be of value in the prenatal diagnosis of such deformities. We present a case of upper phocomelia and congenital thrombocytopenia (TAR syndrome). Visualization of the upper extremities was achieved by three‐dimensional ultrasound after surface and volume rendering. This new technique allows imaging not only of surfaces like the fetal skin, but also of internal structures like the fetal skeleton. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
The effects of fetal blood sampling on ductus venosus blood flow velocity waveforms
Authors: Capponi A. , Rizzo G. , Rinaldo D. , Arduini D. , Romanini C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of fetal blood sampling on ductus venosus hemodynamics. A secondary objective was to establish the relationship between the amplitude of these changes, if any, and different variables related either to the procedure of sampling or to fetal characteristics. The ratio was assessed between the systolic and atrial velocities from the ductus venosus that were measured immediately before and immediately after fetal blood sampling in 32 appropriately grown fetuses and in 12 growth‐retarded fetuses. The latter group was characterized by abnormal Doppler indices in the umbilical artery and the middle cerebral artery, suggestive of uteroplacental insufficiency as the causative factor of the impaired growth. The systolic/atrial ratio fell significantly after fetal blood sampling, but this decrease was less evident in growth‐retarded fetuses. Neither the site of needling (placental cord insertion or intrahepatic vein) nor transplacental puncture during the procedure affected this decline. Similarly, fetal smallness, the volume of fetal blood aspirated and baseline values in Doppler indices from the ductus venosus and middle cerebral artery were unrelated to the observed changes. Stepwise regression analysis indicated that the variables that most significantly and independently affect the decline of the Doppler index were gestational age at the time of the procedure and pO2 values in the umbilical vein. In conclusion, modifications in ductus hemodynamics are induced by fetal blood sampling. These changes are less evident in hypoxemic growth‐retarded fetuses and this reduced hemodynamic response may explain the higher rate of complications occurring in such fetuses after blood sampling. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
The hyperechogenic lungs of laryngotracheal obstruction
Authors: de Hull J. A. , Kornman L. H. , Beekhuis J. R. , Nikkels P. G. J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA case is reported in which enlarged, hyperechogenic lungs, ascites and polyhydramnios on prenatal ultrasound were indications of a partial tracheal agenesis and tracheo‐esophageal fistula.A review of the literature is given to assist clinicians in effectively counselling women in whom this ultrasound abnormality is detected. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
The influence of the site of Doppler recording on umbilical artery pulsatility index during the first trimester
Authors: Martinez J. M. , Comas C. , Ojuel J. , Borrell A. , Puerto B. , Sentis J. , Fortuny A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe aim of our study was to determine the pulsatility index (PI) of the umbilical artery velocity waveform obtained from the fetal insertion, the placental insertion and a free floating loop of the umbilical cord. This was a prospective study involving 60 consecutive singleton pregnancies undergoing ultrasound examination between 10 and 13 weeks' gestation. Doppler measurements were obtained transvaginally from the placental and the fetal abdominal insertion, and from a free floating loop of umbilical cord. Chromosomal abnormalities and structural malformations detected by ultrasound were excluded. A multi‐way analysis of variance did not show significant differences between the measurements of umbilical PI at the different sites of the umbilical cord and Pearson's coefficient showed an excellent correlation between them. No significant intra‐ and interobserver differences were found. In conclusion, measurements of Doppler velocimetric indices of the umbilical artery during the first trimester are not influenced by the recording site and these recordings are reproducible at this stage of gestation. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
End‐result of routine ultrasound screening for congenital anomalies: The Belgian Multicentric Study 1984–92
Authors: Levi S. , Schaap J. P. , De Hava P. , Coulon R. , Defoort P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractFive ultrasound laboratories from Obstetrics and Gynecology departments of Belgian university hospitals or affiliated institutions conducted a prospective study from 1984 to 1992 in which the results of prenatal ultrasound examinations were compared to examination reports of the neonates. The results of the period 1984–89 (PI) have been published previously, and those of the period 1990–92 (PII) are presented here. Some very minor congenital anomalies, as listed. and defined in the EUROCAT Register, were excluded. Of 26 147 pregnant women at normal risk for congenital anomalies, 25 046 had at least one ultrasound scan (96%). A total of 616 fetuses were structurally abnormal (prevalence 2.42%), and 685 abnormalities were recorded. The sensitivity of the ultrasound test was 40.4% in PI and 51.1% in PII for abnormal fetuses (p < 0.05) and 45% (PI) and 64% (PII) for abnormalities (p < 0.01). The specificity was 99.9%) and the positive and negative predictive values were 94.2% and 98.6%, respectively; these values did not differ significantly between the two periods. The sensitivity for the detection of anomalies before 23 weeks increased from 21% in PI to 41% in PII, indicating an improvement in the early detection of fetal abnormalities. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Korotkoff's sounds in pregnancy
Authors: Quinn M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractKorotkoff1 described the sequence of vascular sounds heard with a stethoscope over the brachial artery during deflation of a pneumatic cuff The initial sounds are produced by vibrations of the vessel wall, although the sequence of vascular sounds has frequently been ascribed to ‘turbulence’ of flow in the vessel. This study has been performed to determine the relationship between the vascular sounds (Korotkoff I–V) produced during blood pressure cuff deflation and specific changes in the brachial artery waveform.Ten nulliparous women admitted to hospital in the third trimester of pregnancy have been studied by means of concurrent Doppler ultrasound and phonocardiography. Changes in the brachial artery waveform during blood pressure cuff deflation were recorded using Doppler ultrasound (7.5 MHz) with concurrent objective demonstration of phases I–V of the vascular sounds using a phonocardiography microphone. Characteristic features of the brachial artery waveform were associated with phases I–IV of the vascular sounds in all patients (10/10). No consistent features of the brachial artery waveform were associated with phase V of the vascular sounds.Phases I–IV of the vascular sounds are associated with specific changes in the pattern and direction of flow within the brachial artery in normotensive primigravid women. The vascular sounds produced by vibration of the vessel wall are modulated by changes in blood flow to produce the characteristic sequence of vascular sounds detected with a stethoscope during blood pressure cuff deflation. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Early development of the abdominal wall, stomach and heart from 7 to 12 weeks of gestation: a longitudinal ultrasound study
Authors: Blaas H.‐G. , Eik‐Nes S. H. , Kiserud T. , Hellevik L. R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe purpose of this ultrasound study was to describe longitudinally the normal embryonic development in vivo. Twenty‐nine healthy pregnant women were examined five times each with transvaginal ultrasound between 7 and 12 weeks of gestation measured from the lust menstrual period. Structures such as the midgut herniation into the umbilical cord, the stomach and the heart were recognized and measured.It was possible to identify the physiological midgut herniation during weeks 7–8. It was always present from 8.5 to 10.5 weeks. At 12 completed weeks, the gut was retracted into the abdominal cavity for all the fetuses. We visualized the stomach in nine embryos (31%) during week 8, in 22 embryos (76%) before 10 weeks, and in all fetuses before 11 weeks. The heart rate increased rapidly to a mean of 175 beats per minute (bpm) at the beginning of week 9. Thereafter it decreased slowly to a mean of 166 bpm out 12 weeks. The mean heart diameter was 22% of the crown‐rump length at 7 weeks, 17% at 9 weeks and only 13% at 12 weeks. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Prevalence of fetal facial cleft at different stages of pregnancy
Authors: Snijders R. J. M. , Sebire N. J. , Psara N. , Souka A. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractDuring a 7‐year period (1988–94), we diagnosed 102 fetuses with trisomy 18, and 54 with trisomy 13; in 6.9% of the trisomy 18 and in 40.7% of the trisomy 13 fetuses, there was a facial cleft. On the basis of (1) these frequencies of facial cleft in trisomic fetuses; (2) the reported prevalence of facial cleft in mid‐ trimester fetuses; and (3) estimates of the prevalence of trisomies 18 and 13 at 20 weeks of gestation in a population with the maternal age distribution of all deliveries in England and Wales, it was calculated that 6.5% of fetuses with a facial cleft would have trisomy 18 or 13. This estimated frequency of trisomies was significantly lower than the 26% observed in 111 fetuses with a facial cleft that were referred to our unit for fetal karyotyping. These findings suggest that the patients with a facial cleft examined in a referral center are preselected in favor of those with multiple abnormalities, and therefore a higher frequency of associated chromosomal defects. In the future, with improving quality of ultrasound equipment and standards of scanning, it is likely that more cases of isolated facial cleft will be identified and, consequently, the observed frequency of chromosomal defects should decrease. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Antenatal diagnosis and treatment of fetal goitrous hypothyroidism: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Abuhamad A. Z. , Fisher D. A. , Warsoff S. L. , Slotnick R. N. , Pyle P. G. , Wu S.‐Y. , Evans A. T. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe recognition and treatment of fetal hypothyroidism are believed to be important to optimize growth and intellectual development in affected fetuses. We present a case of fetal goiter diagnosed by ultrasonography in the second trimester of pregnancy. Cordocentesis performed at 28 weeks confirmed the presence of fetal hypothyroidism. Fetal therapy was performed with weekly intra‐amniotic injections of thyroxine from 29 to 36 weeks. A repeat cordocentesis at 35 weeks showed normalization of fetal thyroid function. The fetal goiter decreased rapidly in size following fetal treatment. Amniotic fluid levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine were obtained with each amniocentesis. Sulfated iodothyronine concentrations in maternal blood were obtained before and after fetal thyroxine treatment. This report discusses the role of amniotic fluid levels of TSH and free thyroxine and maternal levels of sulfated iodothyronine in the diagnosis and management of fetal hypothyroidism. A review of the English literature is presented. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Fetal urine production estimated with ultrasound. The lower limit of normality is illustrated in a case with severe hypoplasia of the kidneys
Authors: Fäquist M. , Silléz U. , Odén A. , Hökegåd K.‐H. , Blomberg S. G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractUrine production and weight deviation in a growth retarded fetus with oligohydramnios was estimated by ultrasound on four occasions between weeks 27 and 33 of gestational age. The fetus demonstrated facial features typical of Potter's syndrome. Although this syndrome is associated with bilateral renal agenesis, the fetus in the present case presented with hypoplastic kidneys. Urine production was reduced when measured on three occasions but was surprisingly normal at week 31. In this report, we describe a way to assess urine production in a fetus. Copyright © 1996 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
A comparison between ultrasound and a reliable last menstrual period as predictors of the day of delivery in 15 000 examinations
Authors: Tunón K. , Eik‐Nes S. H. , Grøttum P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn a non‐selected population comprising 1.5 241 women, an evaluation was performed of the ultrasonic measurement of the biparietal diameter compared with a reliable last menstrual period as the basis for estimation of the day of delivery. In women with a reliable menstrual history and spontaneous onset of labor, the ultrasound estimate was the significantly better predictor of the day of delivery in 52% of cases, and the last menstrual period estimate was the better predictor in 46% of cases. The percentages of women who delivered within 7 days of the predicted day were 61 and 56% for the ultrasound and the last menstrual period estimations, respectively. There was a significantly narrower distribution of births according to the ultrasound estimate (p < 0.001). The proportion of estimated post‐term births was 4% using the ultrasound method and 10% using the last menstrual period method (p < 0.001). Even when the difference between the methods in predicting the day of delivery was less than 7 days, the ultrasound method was better than the last menstrual period method. It is concluded that ultrasonic measurement of the biparietal diameter between 15 and 22 weeks of pregnancy is the best method for the estimation of the day of delivery and should be used as a routine procedure. Copyright © 1996 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology