bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revealing Design Rules for Improving The Photostability of Non‐Fullerene Acceptors from Molecular to Aggregation Level
Authors: Zhang Wenqing , Du Xiaoyan , Ma Yunlong , Qiao Jiawei , Zheng Qingdong , Hao XiaoTao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWith the rapid increase in power conversion efficiency of organic photovoltaics due to the development of non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs), prolonging the operational lifetime of devices becomes one of the critical prerequisites for commercial application. In this work, the degradation pathways of a wide range of state‐of‐the‐art NFA molecules via multiple spectroscopic techniques combined with density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulation are revealed. The structural confinement and molecular ordering are responsible for molecular conformational stability under illumination. More importantly, a very general trend is revealed that the origin of increased nonradiative decay under illumination is predominately in the aggregated states with strong intermolecular interactions while the intramolecular exciton dynamics are stable. The increased nonradiative decay correlates with reduced exciton diffusion length. This work provides vital information toward the design of intrinsically photo‐stable NFAs at the molecular level and the importance of aggregation control toward long‐term stable organic solar cells.
Beyond Symmetry: Exploring Asymmetric Electrospun Nanofiber Membranes for Liquid Separation
Authors: Lu Tian‐Dan , Wang Qian , Gu Sheng‐Shen , Sun Shi‐Peng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractComposite membranes with asymmetric traits have gained attention in liquid separation, featuring gradient chemical and physical attributes that align or oppose mass transfer direction. Chemically asymmetric configurations harness internal driving forces to heighten separation efficiency, rendering them an appealing option for heightened separation efficiency and fouling prevention. Concurrently, the internal hierarchical structure differences within composite membranes—such as fiber‐based structural adjustments and the gradient density of functional layers—yield the dual benefits of effective liquid repelling and heightened transport efficiency. Unlike conventional phase‐change methods, electrospinning technology possesses advantages in constructing and governing composite fibrous membrane materials with asymmetric chemistry and hierarchical structures, driven by its adaptable stacking methodologies. Notably, the inherent pore structure of electrospun nanofibrous membranes emerges as a proven solution for minimizing transport resistance. In recent times, interest has surged in electrospun nanofibrous membranes endowed with internal asymmetric properties. However, the spotlight has predominantly graced Janus membranes, spotlighting opposite wettability on different sides, leaving other facets of asymmetric membrane enhancement somewhat underexplored. This comprehensive work unveils recent strides in design, fabrication, facilitated transport mechanisms, and real‐world liquid separation applications, all under the aegis of electrospun nanofiber membranes, each endowed with distinct asymmetric properties.
Transmissive Polarization Converter with Eliminated Filtering Effect Based on Non‐Reciprocal Metasurface
Authors: Wang Ping , Wang Yu , Zhou Hongcheng , Li Bing , Qin Yifei , Yan Zhongming 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe utilization of polarization conversion metasurfaces (PCMs) has enormously facilitated the capabilities of numerous wireless systems and optical devices. However, the cross‐polarization conversion performed by the PCM inevitably results in a parasitic filtering effect that severely hinders its capacity to receive multiple polarization waves. In this paper, a high‐efficiency transmissive PCM based on the non‐reciprocal metasurface integrated with the NPN transistors is proposed, which can convert both input x‐ and y‐polarized waves into the y‐polarized transmitted wave, meanwhile, the parasitic filtering effect of the polarization converter is effectively eliminated. The total transmission efficiency of orthogonal polarizations is higher than 50% within 3.26–3.39 GHz, excluding the gain from the transistor‐based circuits, and the peak efficiency reaches 85.4% at 3.35 GHz. In addition, the proposed PCM opens up the possibilities for expanding the range of received polarization states. For the conceptual demonstration, the conversion from arbitrary linear polarizations to y‐polarization has been achieved with the transmission coefficients higher than ‐0.66 dB at 3.35 GHz. The performances of designs have been verified by experiments and tests. These designs show potential for breaking the constraints on multiple polarization conversion and promoting the development of versatile PCMs.
Advancements in Skin‐Mediated Drug Delivery: Mechanisms, Techniques, and Applications
Authors: Lee Dong Ha , Lim Sunyoung , Kwak Sung Soo , Kim Joohee 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSkin‐mediated drug delivery methods currently are receiving significant attention as a promising approach for the enhanced delivery of drugs through the skin. Skin‐mediated drug delivery offers the potential to overcome the limitations of traditional drug delivery methods, including oral administration and intravenous injection. The challenges associated with drug permeation through layers of skin, which act as a major barrier, are explored, and strategies to overcome these limitations are discussed in detail. This review categorizes skin‐mediated drug delivery methods based on the means of increasing drug permeation, and it provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms and techniques associated with these methods. In addition, recent advancements in the application of skin‐mediated drug delivery are presented. The review also outlines the limitations of ongoing research and suggests future perspectives of studies regarding the skin‐mediated delivery of drugs.
Modular Engineering of Aptamer‐Based Nanobiotechnology for Conditional Control of ATP Sensing
Authors: Li Lele , Li Mengyuan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDynamic changes of intracellular, extracellular, and subcellular adenosine triphosphates (ATPs) have fundamental interdependence with the physio‐pathological states of cells. Spatially selective in situ imaging of such ATP dynamics offers valuable mechanistic insights into the related biological activities. Despite significant advances in the design of aptamer sensors for ATP detection, the dearth of methods that enable precise ATP imaging in specific cellular locations remains a challenge in this field. This review focuses on the modular engineering of regulatable sensing technology via the integration of aptamer probe designs with advanced functional nanomaterials, allowing conditional control of ATP sensing and imaging with high spatial precision from subcellular organelles to living animals. Highlighting the recent advances in the design of photo‐triggered nanosensors for spatiotemporally controlled ATP imaging, endogenously‐triggered ATP sensing in a cell‐selective manner, and spatially‐controlled nanodevices for ATP imaging in specific organelles and extracellular microenvironments. Emphasis will be put on elucidating the principles of how nanotechnology can be applied to regulate the spatial precision of aptamer‐based ATP sensing activities. The authors envision that this perspective provides insights into the engineering of aptamer‐based nanobiotechnology for opening new frontiers in precise molecular sensing and other bio‐applications.
2H–2M Phase Control of WSe2 Nanosheets by Se Enrichment Toward Enhanced Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Kwon Ik Seon , Kwak In Hye , Kim Ju Yeon , Lee Seung Jae , Sial Qadeer Akbar , Ihsan Junaid , Lee Kug‐Seung , Yoo Seung Jo , Park Jeunghee , Kang Hong Seok 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe phase control of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) is an intriguing approach for tuning the electronic structure toward extensive applications. In this study, WSe2 nanosheets synthesized via a colloidal reaction exhibit a phase conversion from semiconducting 2H to metallic 2M under Se‐rich growth conditions (i.e., increasing the concentration of Se precursor or lowering the growth temperature). High‐resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy images are used to identify the stacking sequence of the 2M phase, which is distinctive from that of the 1T′ phase. First‐principles calculations employing various Se‐rich models (intercalation and substitution) indicated that Se enrichment induces conversion to the 2M phase. The 2M phase WSe2 nanosheets with the Se excess exhibited enhanced electrocatalytic performance in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In situ X‐ray absorption fine structure studies suggested that the excess Se atoms in the 2M phase WSe2 enhanced the HER catalytic activity, which is supported by the Gibbs free energy (ΔGH*) of H adsorption and the Fermi abundance function. These results provide an appealing strategy for phase control of TMD catalysts.
Selenium‐Anchored Chlorine Redox Chemistry in Aqueous Zinc Dual‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Ze , Hou Yue , Wang Yiqiao , Wei Zhiquan , Chen Ao , Li Pei , Huang Zhaodong , Li Nan , Zhi Chunyi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractChlorine‐based batteries with Cl0 to Cl− redox reaction (ClRR) are promising for high‐performance energystorage due to their high redox potential and large theoretical capacity. However, the inherent gas–liquid conversion feature of ClRR together with poor Cl fixation can cause Cl2 leakage, reducing battery reversibility. Herein, we utilize a Se‐based organic molecule, diphenyl diselenide (di‐Ph‐Se), as the Cl anchoring agent and realize an atomic level‐Cl fixation through chalcogen‐halogencoordinating chemistry. The promoted Cl fixation, with two oxidized Cl0 anchoring on a single Ph‐Se, and the multivalence conversion of Se contributeto a six‐electron conversion process with up to 507 mAh g−1 and an average voltage of 1.51 V, as well as a high energy density of 665 Wh Kg−1. Based on the superior reversibility of thedeveloped di‐Ph‐Se electrode with ClRR, a remarkable rate performance (205 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1) and cycling performance (capacity retention of 77.3 % after 500cycles) are achieved. Significantly, the pouch cell delivers a record arealcapacity of up to 6.87 mAh cm−2 and extraordinary self‐discharge performance. This chalcogen‐halogen coordination chemistry between the Se electrode and Cl provides a new insight for developing reversible and efficientbatteries with halogen redox reactions.
PCNA as Protein‐Based Nanoruler for Sub‐10 nm Fluorescence Imaging
Authors: Helmerich Dominic A. , Budiarta Made , Taban Danush , Doose Sören , Beliu Gerti , Sauer Markus 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSuper‐resolution microscopy has revolutionized biological imaging enabling direct insight into cellular structures and protein arrangements with so far unmatched spatial resolution. Today, refined single‐molecule localization microscopy methods achieve spatial resolutions in the one‐digit nanometer range. As the race for molecular resolution fluorescence imaging with visible light continues, reliable biologically compatible reference structures will become essential to validate the resolution power. Here, PicoRulers (protein‐based imaging calibration optical rulers), multilabeled oligomeric proteins designed as advanced molecular nanorulers for super‐resolution fluorescence imaging are introduced. Genetic code expansion (GCE) is used to site‐specifically incorporate three noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) into the homotrimeric proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) at 6 nm distances. Bioorthogonal click labeling with tetrazine‐dyes and tetrazine‐functionalized oligonucleotides allows efficient labeling of the PicoRuler with minimal linkage error. Time‐resolved photoswitching fingerprint analysis is used to demonstrate the successful synthesis and DNA‐based points accumulation for imaging in nanoscale topography (DNA‐PAINT) is used to resolve 6 nm PCNA PicoRulers. Since PicoRulers maintain their structural integrity under cellular conditions they represent ideal molecular nanorulers for benchmarking the performance of super‐resolution imaging techniques, particularly in complex biological environments.
Trace Water in Lead Iodide Affecting Perovskite Crystal Nucleation Limits the Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Guo Renjun , Xiong Qiu , Ulatowski Aleksander , Li Saisai , Ding Zijin , Xiao Tianxiao , Liang Suzhe , Heger Julian E. , Guan Tianfu , Jiang Xinyu , Sun Kun , Reb Lennart K. , Reus Manuel A. , Chumakov Andrei , Schwartzkopf Matthias , Yuan Minjian , Hou Yi , Roth Stephan V. , Herz Laura M. , Gao Peng , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe experimental replicability of highly efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is a persistent challenge faced by laboratories worldwide. Although trace impurities in raw materials can impact the experimental reproducibility of high‐performance PSCs, the in situ study of how trace impurities affect perovskite film growth is never investigated. Here, light is shed on the impact of inevitable water contamination in lead iodide (PbI2) on the replicability of device performance, mainly depending on the synthesis methods of PbI2. Through synchrotron‐based structure characterization, it is uncovered that even slight additions of water to PbI2 accelerate the crystallization process in the perovskite layer during annealing. However, this accelerated crystallization also results in an imbalance of charge‐carrier mobilities, leading to a degradation in device performance and reduced longevity of the solar cells. It is also found that anhydrous PbI2 promotes a homogenous nucleation process and improves perovskite film growth. Finally, the PSCs achieve a remarkable certified power conversion efficiency of 24.3%. This breakthrough demonstrates the significance of understanding and precisely managing the water content in PbI2 to ensure the experimental replicability of high‐efficiency PSCs.
A Multi‐Scale Approach to Simulate the Nonlinear Optical Response of Molecular Nanomaterials
Authors: Zerulla Benedikt , Beutel Dominik , Holzer Christof , Fernandez‐Corbaton Ivan , Rockstuhl Carsten , Krstić Marjan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNonlinear optics is essential for many recent photonic technologies. Here, a novel multi‐scale approach is introduced to simulate the nonlinear optical response of molecular nanomaterials combining ab initio quantum‐chemical and classical Maxwell‐scattering computations. In this approach, the first hyperpolarizability tensor is computed with time‐dependent density‐functional theory and incorporated into a multi‐scattering formalism that considers the optical interaction between neighboring molecules. Such incorporation is achieved by a novel object: the Hyper‐Transition(T)‐matrix. With this object at hand, the nonlinear optical response from single molecules and also from entire photonic devices can be computed, including the full tensorial and dispersive nature of the optical response of the molecules, as well as the optical interaction between different molecules as, for example, in the lattice of a molecular crystal. To demonstrate the applicability of the novel approach, the generation of a second‐harmonic signal from a thin film of an Urea molecular crystal is computed and compared to more traditional simulations. Furthermore, an optical cavity is designed, which enhances the second‐harmonic response of the molecular film up to more than two orders of magnitude. This approach is highly versatile and accurate and can be the working horse for the future exploration of nonlinear photonic molecular materials in structured photonic environments.
Nanoscale Confinement of Dip‐Pen Nanolithography Written Phospholipid Structures on CuZr Nanoglasses
Authors: Vasantham Srivatsan K. , Boltynjuk Evgeniy , Nandam Sree Harsha , Berganza Eguiarte Eider , Fuchs Harald , Hahn Horst , Hirtz Michael 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNanoglasses have attracted considerable interest among material scientists due to their novel and surprising properties. However, there is still a significant gap in understanding how nanoglasses interact with biomaterials and their effects on living cells. Previous cell studies have reported indications of possible proliferation effects, but a comprehensive understanding of differentiating nanoglass influences from distinct material or topography effects is yet to be established. In this study, the interaction between nanoglass surfaces and phospholipids, which are fundamental components of cell membranes, is investigated. The findings reveal a unique stabilizing effect exhibited by nanoglasses on structures created using lipid dip‐pen nanolithography, preventing their spreading over the surface (“confinement”). This discovery suggests that nanoglasses can potentially influence the structure of cell membranes, providing a conceivable mechanism for how nanoglasses may impact cell behavior.
Additively Manufactured Degradable Piezoelectric Microsystems for Sensing and Actuating
Authors: Monroe Morgan McKay , Fumeaux Nicolas , Villanueva Luis Guillermo , Briand Danick 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe global overabundance of electronic waste and ever‐increasing concerns regarding the energy‐and material‐intensive manufacturing processes associated with traditional electronics are driving the development of solution‐processed, degradable electronics. Of note, the industry‐dominating prevalence of harmful lead‐based materials in sensing and actuating devices drives the push for more eco‐friendly solution‐processed piezoelectric systems. Yet current ecofriendly multi‐material printing processes are limited by both the conventional challenges of multilayer processes as well as the low‐temperature thermal constraints of biodegradable materials. Herein, a novel approach for fabricating fully printed, sustainable piezoelectric transducers on paper substrates is presented. Low‐temperature screen‐printing processes are used to integrate non‐toxic KNbO3 layers with degradable carbon‐ or zinc‐based conductive inks into devices. The influence of electrode material on device characteristics is assessed, with effective piezoelectric coefficients reported as high as 4.6 pC N−1 and 5.1 pC N−1 for devices with carbon and zinc electrodes respectively. The potential of the developed technology is then demonstrated through the first‐ever instance of fully printed piezoelectric force sensors and acoustic speakers comprised entirely of green materials. By demonstrating entirely printable green piezoelectric devices compatible with various electrode materials, this work serves as a step towards developing more complex sustainable piezoelectric technologies in the future.
The Nanosilver Imprinted Cross‐Channel Film used in Microfluidic Chips Based on Microcavity Resonator for Mercury Assessment
Authors: Wen Hsin‐Yi , Hsu Yi‐Ting 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this study, a highly sensitive optical probe is designed, fabricated, and evaluated that is composed of a microfluidic device integrated with a fiber optic sensor for environmental monitoring. The resonant cavity is coated with a metal ion‐responsive molecularly imprinted nanocomposite film and monitored by a single‐mode fiber (SMF) optic sensor. The resulting Fabry–Pérot cavity‐based optical probe can accurately measure Hg levels in water with high sensitivity and stability. The nanocomposite film is synthesized using a one‐pot reaction process involving sodium alginate (SA)‐reduced nanosilver particles (nanoAg) dispersed in polyvinyl alcohol (VA). When an aqueous solution containing mercury is injected into the microfluidic device, interactions between Ag and Hg at the nanoscale form a solid Ag‐Hg solid amalgam in the resonant cavity, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and the Fabry–Pérot effect can be exploited to detect the presence of Hg. The synthesis, fabrication, and measurement system of this integrated device is simple and cost effective. The developed sensing heavy metals in wastewater treatment, catalysis enhancement, and nanoscale toxicity assessment, and contributes practically to achieving the sustainable development goal (SDG) of access to safe drinking water.
Engineered Probiotic‐Based Personalized Cancer Vaccine Potentiates Antitumor Immunity through Initiating Trained Immunity
Authors: Chen Zhaoxia , Yong Tuying , Wei Zhaohan , Zhang Xiaoqiong , Li Xin , Qin Jiaqi , Li Jianye , Hu Jun , Yang Xiangliang , Gan Lu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCancer vaccines hold great potential for clinical cancer treatment by eliciting T cell‐mediated immunity. However, the limited numbers of antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) at the injection sites, the insufficient tumor antigen phagocytosis by APCs, and the presence of a strong tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment severely compromise the efficacy of cancer vaccines. Trained innate immunity may promote tumor antigen‐specific adaptive immunity. Here, a personalized cancer vaccine is developed by engineering the inactivated probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 to load tumor antigens and β‐glucan, a trained immunity inducer. After subcutaneous injection, the cancer vaccine delivering model antigen OVA (BG/OVA@EcN) is highly accumulated and phagocytosed by macrophages at the injection sites to induce trained immunity. The trained macrophages may recruit dendritic cells (DCs) to facilitate BG/OVA@EcN phagocytosis and the subsequent DC maturation and T cell activation. In addition, BG/OVA@EcN remarkably enhances the circulating trained monocytes/macrophages, promoting differentiation into M1‐like macrophages in tumor tissues. BG/OVA@EcN generates strong prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy to inhibit tumor growth by inducing potent adaptive antitumor immunity and long‐term immune memory. Importantly, the cancer vaccine delivering autologous tumor antigens efficiently prevents postoperative tumor recurrence. This platform offers a facile translatable strategy to efficiently integrate trained immunity and adaptive immunity for personalized cancer immunotherapy.
Multifunctional Molecule‐Grafted V2C MXene as High‐Kinetics Potassium‐Ion‐Intercalation Anodes for Dual‐Ion Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Sabaghi Davood , Polčák Josef , Yang Hyejung , Li Xiaodong , Morag Ahiud , Li Dongqi , Nia Ali Shaygan , Khosravi H Saman , Šikola Tomáš , Feng Xinliang , Yu Minghao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractConstructing dual‐ion energy storage devices using anion‐intercalation graphite cathodes offers the unique opportunity to simultaneously achieve high energy density and output power density. However, a critical challenge remains in the lack of proper anodes that match with graphite cathodes, particularly in sustainable electrolyte systems using abundant potassium. Here, a surface grafting approach utilizing multifunctional azobenzene sulfonic acid is reported, which transforms V2C MXene into a high‐kinetics K+‐intercalation anode (denoted ASA‐V2C) for dual‐ion energy storage devices. Importantly, the grafted azobenzene sulfonic acid offers extra K+‐storage centers and fast K+‐hopping sites, while concurrently acting as a buffer between V2C layers to mitigate the structural distortion during K+ intercalation/de‐intercalation. These functionalities enable the V2C electrode with significantly enhanced specific capacity (173.9 mAh g−1 vs 121.5 mAh g−1 at 0.05 A g−1), rate capability (43.1% vs 12.0% at 20 A g−1), and cycling stability (80.3% vs 45.2% after 900 cycles at 0.05 A g−1). When coupled with an anion‐intercalation graphite cathode, the ASA‐V2C anode demonstrates its potential in a dual‐ion energy storage device. Notably, the device depicts a maximum energy density of 175 Wh kg−1 and a supercapacitor‐comparable power density of 6.5 kW kg−1, outperforming recently reported Li+‐, Na+‐, and K+‐based dual‐ion devices.