bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probiotic and prebiotic interventions in eating disorders: A narrative review
Authors: Baenas Isabel , Camacho‐Barcia Lucía , Miranda‐Olivos Romina , Solé‐Morata Neus , Misiolek Alejandra , Jiménez‐Murcia Susana , Fernández‐Aranda Fernando 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimsThe review aimed to summarise and discuss findings focused on therapeutic probiotic and prebiotic interventions in eating disorders (ED).MethodsUsing PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science all published studies were retrieved until February 2023, following PRISMA guidelines. From the 111 initial studies, 5 met the inclusion criteria for this review.ResultsAll studies included in this narrative review were focused on anorexia nervosa (AN). Three longitudinal, randomised, controlled trials aimed to evaluate interventions with probiotics (Lactobacillus reuteri, yoghurt with Lactobacillus, and Streptococcus) in children and adolescents. These studies primarily emphasised medical outcomes and anthropometric measures following the administration of probiotics. However, the findings yielded mixed results in terms of short‐term weight gain or alterations in specific immunological parameters. With a lower level of evidence, supplementation with synbiotics (probiotic + prebiotic) has been associated with improvements in microbiota diversity and attenuation of inflammatory responses.ConclusionsResearch on probiotics and prebiotics in ED is limited, primarily focussing on anorexia nervosa (AN). Their use in AN regarding medical and anthropometric outcomes needs further confirmation and future research should be warranted to assess their impact on psychological and ED symptomatology, where there is a notable gap in the existing literature.
A systematic evaluation of the performance of GPT‐4 and PaLM2 to diagnose comorbidities in MIMIC‐IV patients
Authors: Sarvari Peter , Al‐fagih Zaid , Ghuwel Abdullatif , Al‐fagih Othman 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundGiven the strikingly high diagnostic error rate in hospitals, and the recent development of Large Language Models (LLMs), we set out to measure the diagnostic sensitivity of two popular LLMs: GPT‐4 and PaLM2. Small‐scale studies to evaluate the diagnostic ability of LLMs have shown promising results, with GPT‐4 demonstrating high accuracy in diagnosing test cases. However, larger evaluations on real electronic patient data are needed to provide more reliable estimates.MethodsTo fill this gap in the literature, we used a deidentified Electronic Health Record (EHR) data set of about 300,000 patients admitted to the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston. This data set contained blood, imaging, microbiology and vital sign information as well as the patients' medical diagnostic codes. Based on the available EHR data, doctors curated a set of diagnoses for each patient, which we will refer to as ground truth diagnoses. We then designed carefully‐written prompts to get patient diagnostic predictions from the LLMs and compared this to the ground truth diagnoses in a random sample of 1000 patients.ResultsBased on the proportion of correctly predicted ground truth diagnoses, we estimated the diagnostic hit rate of GPT‐4 to be 93.9%. PaLM2 achieved 84.7% on the same data set. On these 1000 randomly selected EHRs, GPT‐4 correctly identified 1116 unique diagnoses.ConclusionThe results suggest that artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential when working alongside clinicians to reduce cognitive errors which lead to hundreds of thousands of misdiagnoses every year. However, human oversight of AI remains essential: LLMs cannot replace clinicians, especially when it comes to human understanding and empathy. Furthermore, a significant number of challenges in incorporating AI into health care exist, including ethical, liability and regulatory barriers.
Prognostic value of coagulation markers in patients with colorectal cancer: A prospective study
Authors: Chen Wenxin , Li Yueying , Wang Weifeng , Xue Yingjun , Qian Jianxin , Liu Weiwei , Hu Xiaobo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsThe occurrence, growth, and metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) are connected to the hypercoagulable state of blood (CRC). This study aimed to identify significant coagulation factors to predict metastasis and prognosis of CRC.MethodsThrombomodulin (TM), thrombin‐antithrombin complex (TAT), α2‐plasmininhibitor‐plasmin complex (PIC), and tissue plasminogen activator‐inhibitor complex (t‐PAIC) were detected by chemiluminescence immunoassay using Sysmex HISCL5000 automated analyzers. The Sysmex CS 5100 automatic blood coagulation analyzer was used to detect d‐dimer (DD), fibrin degradation product (FDP), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), international normalized ratio (INR), fibrinogen (Fbg), and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). Area under the curve (AUC) and the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) were used to assess the diagnostic efficacy of markers. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to calculate survival probabilities. Independent prognostic factors and the nomogram were developed using single‐factor and multifactor cox regression analysis model.ResultsThe following indicators (TM, TAT, PIC, t‐PAIC, DD, FDP, PT, INR, APTT, and Fbg) were markedly higher in CRC patients than in healthy controls, and they were higher in the metastasis (M) group than in the nonmetastasis (NM) group. The combination “TAT + PIC + DD + FDP + Fbg” can distinguish M from NM with exceptional sensitivity and specificity. Patients with CRC who had high levels of TAT, PIC, DD, FDP, Fbg, TM, tPAIC, PT, and INR had significantly shorter survival.ConclusionThe prognosis of CRC patients can be predicted by coagulation indicators. The independent predictive variables for overall survival were found to be TM and DD. To forecast CRC patient survival, a nomogram was created.
Does a reduction in the pension insurance contribution ratio promote firm productivity? Evidence from a quasinatural experiment in China
Authors: Liu Xiaohan , Liu Jianmin , Liu Jia , Wu Jinguang , Hao Yu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractReducing the burden of social security contributions for firms, unleashing their vitality, and enhancing their total factor productivity (TFP) are crucial measures in China's pursuit of sustainable and high‐value‐added growth. This article utilizes three reductions in the corporate pension insurance contribution ratio in China as a quasi‐natural experiment to construct a treatment intensity DID (Difference‐in‐Differences) model. By utilizing data from listed companies between 2013 and 2020, this study empirically examines the impact of reducing the pension insurance contribution ratio on firms’ TFP while identifying the underlying mechanisms. The findings of the study are as follows: First, the policy exhibits a significant positive effect on corporate TFP in China. Second, this policy's contribution primarily stems from stimulating firms to increase their employment of highly skilled labour, elevating wages for ordinary employees, and enhancing firm investment efficiency. Lastly, the analysis of heterogeneity demonstrates that the policy's positive effect is more pronounced among non‐state‐owned enterprises, small and medium‐sized enterprises, and labour‐intensive enterprises. This study provides empirical evidence for evaluating the contribution reduction policy and serves as a policy reference for endeavours to deepen the reform of the pension insurance system and enhance pension insurance fund budget management.
Amniotomy versus expectant management during the active phase of labor defined by the new WHO definition on the duration of labor: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Khunpradit Suthit , Kamkrea Sirisopa , Srisuwan Tassanee , Mooncheep Thongrein 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the labor duration and other maternal and neonatal outcomes between hospitalized women with uncomplicated pregnancies receiving amniotomy at 5 cm cervical dilatation and those not receiving amniotomy.MethodsThis prospective, randomized controlled trial was conducted at a tertiary hospital between June 2020 and October 2021. The study included low‐risk pregnant women with spontaneous onset of labor at term, carrying a single fetus in cephalic presentation and with intact amniotic membranes. When the cervical dilatation reached 5 cm, participants were randomly assigned to receive or not receive amniotomy. Maternal demographics, labor and delivery data, and neonatal outcomes were compared between the two groups.ResultsThe amniotomy group had a significantly shorter duration of labor compared with the control group (mean difference 49.4 min, 95% confidence interval [CI] 16.8–81.9, P = 0.003). The following outcomes were not significantly different between the two groups: (1) the need for oxytocin to augment labor; (2) cesarean section rates; (3) the incidence rates of suspected fetal distress and instrumental delivery; and (4) neonatal outcomes.ConclusionsCompared with expectant management, amniotomy during the active phase of labor (as newly defined by WHO) can shorten the labor duration without an increased risk of cesarean delivery or other negative consequences.Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR) (TCTR20200522001)https://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org/show/TCTR20200522001.
Exosome‐transported of circ_0081069 induces SPIN1 production by binding to miR‐195‐5p to inhibit radiosensitivity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Chai Ting , Liu Junqi , Liu Zongwen , Fan Ruitai 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCirc_0081069 plays a key role in tumor growth; however, its effect on radiosensitivity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unknown. The study is performed to reveal the association of circ_0081069 expression and radiosensitivity in ESCC and the underlying mechanism. Circ_0081069, miR‐195‐5p, and spindlin 1 (SPIN1) RNA expression were detected by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Protein expression was checked by Western blot analysis or immunohistochemistry assay. Cell viability, proliferation, cell apoptosis, migration, and invasion were investigated by cell counting kit‐8, 5‐Ethynyl‐29‐deoxyuridine, flow cytometry analysis, scratch test, and transwell assays, respectively. The sensitivity of ESCC cells to radiation was investigated by cell colony formation assay. The interactions among circ_0081069, miR‐195‐5p, and SPIN1 were identified by dual‐luciferase reporter assay and RNA Immunoprecipitation assay. Xenograft mouse model assay was performed to determine the effect of circ_0007841 on radiosensitivity in vivo. Circ_0081069 and SPIN1 expression were upregulated, whereas miR‐195‐5p was downregulated in ESCC tissues, ESCC cells, and radiation‐stimulated ESCC cells. Circ_0081069 silencing inhibited ESCC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration but improved cell apoptosis. In addition, circ_0081069 knockdown enhanced ESCC cell radiosensitivity in vitro and in vivo. Circ_0081069 bound to miR‐195‐5p and regulated radiosensitivity by binding to miR‐195‐5p in ESCC cells. Moreover, SPIN1, a target of miR‐195‐5p, rescued miR‐195‐5p‐mediated effects in ESCC cells. Circ_0081069 was secreted from ESCC cells by being packaged into exosomes. Further, circ_0081069‐Exo inhibited radiosensitivity in ESCC cells. Exosome‐mediated transfer of circ_0081069 induced SPIN1 production by binding to miR‐195‐5p, further inhibiting radiosensitivity in ESCC.
Analysis of nighttime aerosols and relation to covariates over a highly polluted sub‐Saharan site using Mann–Kendall and wavelet coherence approach
Authors: Köse Ali , Tariq Salman , Uyal Banu Numan , Khan Muhammad , Rjoub Husam , Mehmood Usman 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHigh emissions of aerosols and trace gases during nighttime can cause serious air quality, climate, and health issues, particularly in extremely polluted cities. In this paper, an effort has been made to examine the variations in aerosols and trace gases over a sub‐Saharan city of Ilorin (Nigeria) during nighttime. We have used Aerosol Robotic Network data of aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 500 nm, Angstrom exponent (AE) (440/870), and precipitable water (WVC). Both AE and WVC showed a decreasing trend of −0.0012% and −0.0010% per year, respectively. We also analyzed nighttime data of carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4), and ozone (O3) from Atmospheric Infrared Sounder and aerosol subtypes from CALIPSO (Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation). AOD, AE, and WVC average values are found to be 0.64 ± 0.33, 0.74 ± 0.24, and 3.40 ± 0.97, respectively. As a result of northeasterly winds carrying Saharan dust during the dry season, the greatest value of AOD (1.29) was observed in February. Desert dust aerosols (37.63%) were the most prevalent type, followed by mixed aerosols (44.15%). Winds at a height of 1500 m above ground level were likely transporting Saharan dust to Ilorin. CALIPSO images revealed that Ilorin's atmosphere contained dust, polluted continental, clean maritime, and polluted dust on high AOD days. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's vertical sounding profiles showed that the presence of high AOD values was caused by the inversion layer trapping aerosol pollution. Average nighttime concentrations of CO, O3, and CH4 were measured to be 127 ± 18, 29.7 ± 2.1, and 1822.6 ± 12.7 ppbv, respectively. The wavelet coherence spectra exhibited significant quasi‐biannual and quasi‐annual oscillations at statistically significant levels.
Evaluating the daily modulation of FADD and related molecular markers in different brain regions in male rats
Authors: Yáñez‐Gómez Fernando , Gálvez‐Melero Laura , Ledesma‐Corvi Sandra , Bis‐Humbert Cristian , Hernández‐Hernández Elena , Salort Glòria , García‐Cabrerizo Rubén , García‐Fuster M. Julia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFas‐Associated protein with Death Domain (FADD), a key molecule controlling cell fate by balancing apoptotic versus non‐apoptotic functions, is dysregulated in post‐mortem brains of subjects with psychopathologies, in animal models capturing certain aspects of these disorders, and by several pharmacological agents. Since persistent disruptions in normal functioning of daily rhythms are linked with these conditions, oscillations over time of key biomarkers, such as FADD, could play a crucial role in balancing the clinical outcome. Therefore, we characterized the 24‐h regulation of FADD (and linked molecular partners: p‐ERK/t‐ERK ratio, Cdk‐5, p35/p25, cell proliferation) in key brain regions for FADD regulation (prefrontal cortex, striatum, hippocampus). Samples were collected during Zeitgeber time (ZT) 2, ZT5, ZT8, ZT11, ZT14, ZT17, ZT20, and ZT23 (ZT0, lights‐on or inactive period; ZT12, lights‐off or active period). FADD showed similar daily fluctuations in all regions analyzed, with higher values during lights off, and opposite to p‐ERK/t‐ERK ratios regulation. Both Cdk‐5 and p35 remained stable and did not change across ZT. However, p25 increased during lights off, but exclusively in striatum. Finally, no 24‐h modulation was observed for hippocampal cell proliferation, although higher values were present during lights off. These results demonstrated a clear daily modulation of FADD in several key brain regions, with a more prominent regulation during the active time of rats, and suggested a key role for FADD, and molecular partners, in the normal physiological functioning of the brain's daily rhythmicity, which if disrupted might participate in the development of certain pathologies.
Uncertainty and outliers in high‐resolution gridded precipitation products over eastern North America
Authors: Picart Tangui , Di Luca Alejandro , Laprise René 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSeveral observational precipitation products that provide high temporal (≤3 h) and spatial (≤0.25°) resolution gridded estimates are available, although no single product can be assumed worldwide to be closest to the (unknown) “reality.” Here, we propose and apply a methodology to quantify the uncertainty of a set of precipitation products and to identify, at individual grid points, the products that are likely wrong (i.e., outliers). The methodology is applied over eastern North America for the 2015–2019 period for eight high‐resolution gridded precipitation products: CMORPH, ERA5, GSMaP, IMERG, MSWEP, PERSIANN, STAGE IV and TMPA. Four difference metrics are used to quantify discrepancies in different aspects of the precipitation time series, such as the total accumulation, two characteristics of the intensity‐frequency distribution, and the timing of precipitating events. Large regional and seasonal variations in the observational uncertainty are found across the ensemble. The observational uncertainty is higher in Canada than in the United States, reflecting large differences in the density of precipitation gauge measurements. In northern midlatitudes, the uncertainty is highest in winter, demonstrating the difficulties of satellite retrieval algorithms in identifying precipitation in snow‐covered areas. In southern midlatitudes, the uncertainty is highest in summer, probably due to the more discontinuous nature of precipitation. While the best product cannot be identified due to the lack of an absolute reference, our study is able to identify products that are likely wrong and that should be excluded depending on the specific application.
Remote influence on regional scale intraseasonal rainfall variability over Vietnam
Authors: Le Hong‐Hanh , Hall Nicholas M. J. , Ngo‐Duc Thanh 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRemote influences on intraseasonal anomalous rainfall over regions that encompass North and South Vietnam are explored using a 38‐year (1979–2016) global dataset over the extended summer (May–October). Wet and Dry composites in filtered daily data with lags of up to 2 weeks are assembled for various rainfall indices over the two subregions, including atmospheric reanalysis products and in‐situ rainfall data. On the regional scale, the moisture flux convergence correlates well with reanalysed rainfall. The large‐scale dynamics associated with these composites are described. Rainfall composites of opposing signs show asymmetrical large‐scale precursors and different pathways of influence. Wet and Dry anomalies in North Vietnam are seen to originate from Europe and propagate at high latitudes. The exact nature of the precursors is sensitive to the definition of the composite index. There is also a pathway of influence along the Asian jet, which impacts South Vietnam, especially for Wet composites which often coincide with Dry conditions in the North. South Vietnam is also influenced by tropical divergent precursors, which are again asymmetric between Wet and Dry composites.
REAL‐TIME LEADERSHIP IN THREE DIMENSIONS: LESSONS FROM COACHING AND 1000 CEOs
Authors: Kauffman Carol 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe author is a longtime leadership consultant and coach, as well as an assistant professor at Harvard Medical School, and a visiting professor at Henley Business School. She describes a four‐part “MOVE” framework, from her book co‐authored with David Noble, Real–Time Leadership: M: Mindfully Alert. O: Generate Options. V: Validate Your Vantage Point. E: Engage and Effect Change. She also writes about a “survey conducted by Egon Zehnder, a global management consulting and executive search firm of 1,000 CEOs with a combined annual revenue of nearly four trillion dollars.” In writing about the three dimensions of real‐time leadership, she states: “The first dimension is what external challenges and goals you must meet”… the second dimension is “the nature of your internal requirements, your inner resources, personal growth, and aspirations.”…the third dimension… “is to know how to develop peak relationship skills to create authentic connections and unlock the potential of your teams.” In the survey, “knowing how to connect was identified as the greatest challenge leaders face. We asked the 1,000 CEOs what feedback they most often received; what was their Achilles Heel? The greatest challenge by far was in their relationships.”
WHY THE LEADERSHIP GENDER GAP MATTERS—AND WHAT ORGANIZATIONS CAN DO TO CLOSE IT
Authors: McCollum Jennifer 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe author, CEO of leadership development firm Linkage, Inc., discusses why there is a leadership gap for women, and how the gap can be closed. She cites research from sources such as the World Economic Forum’s Global Gender Gap Report, the McKinsey/LeanIn.Org Women in the Workplace 2023 report, and research on gender differences in earnings and employment rates over time by Harvard’s Claudia Goldin, for which she was recently awarded a Nobel prize. In closing the gender gap in organizations, the author writes that “our own data shows women who have received investment in their development are more engaged, have more personal satisfaction with their work, are more likely to stay with their company, and lead teams that are outperforming the company average.” She recommends a two‐pronged approach: “1) take a hard internal look at the four critical dimensions in Linkage’s Advancing Women Strategic Framework; and 2) help women develop the awareness, understanding, and skills to scale the hurdles that we have internalized based on the real bias we face externally.” She concludes that it is “more important than ever for organizations in every area (not just business but also government, academic, and the nonprofit world)—and all of us as leaders—to demonstrate a meaningful commitment to women who aspire to lead.”
A single feed circularly polarized dual band microstrip monopole antenna for wireless applications
Authors: Bala Susmita , Bag Biplab , Sarkar Sushanta , Sarkar Partha Pratim 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe paper proposes a circularly polarized dual band single feed microstrip monopole antenna. The proposed antenna consists of a radiating patch, a shrink ground plane, and a 50 Ω microstrip transmission line feed. The radiating patch is a combination of three modified metallic strips, a modified rectangular strip and a semicircular strip. The ground plane consists of two modified open ended slots. The substrate area of the antenna is only 40 mm × 42 mm × 1.6 mm. The antenna has been designed by HFSS simulation software and after getting simulated results the antenna has been fabricated to verify its results. The antenna provides measured bandwidths (−10 dB impedance bandwidth) of 600 MHz (2.2–2.8 GHz) in the lower band and 2.1 GHz (7.5–9.6 GHz) in the higher band. The measured results show its 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth of 120 MHz (2.2–2.32 GHz) for lower band and 1.4 GHz (7.2–8.6) GHz for the upper band. The high measured peak gain of 8 dBi has been obtained from the proposed antenna. The lower band is useful for WiMAX application and upper band is useful for C band application. The desired radiation patterns (RHCP and LHCP) have been obtained from the proposed antenna.