bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of the introduction of public transportation lanes in the municipality of Bucharest
Authors: Mihai Maleanu , Adrian Burlacu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The city of Bucharest together with Ilfov county form an urban agglomeration with over 2.2 million inhabitants. Currently, due to exceeding the traffic capacity of the capital’s ring road, the only possibility to travel North - South or East - West is through the city centre. The public transport network in the city of Bucharest lacks lanes dedicated to public transport, the lack of an extensive network of adaptive traffic lights and traffic lights that give priority to public transport. Also, the high degree of vehicle loading of the street network leads to a low level of service both in the morning peak hour and in the afternoon rush hour, leading to low transport speeds of surface public transport. In this article, the possibilities of introducing dedicated public transport lanes in the city of Bucharest are identified, quantifying the reduction in travel times. In addition, some technical solutions regarding the necessary infrastructure for the introduction of lanes dedicated to public transport vehicles and possible traffic regulation measures are presented.
Reliability of Methods for Determination of Stress History Parameters in Soils
Authors: Wdowska Małgorzata , Lipiński Mirosław J. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Stress history acquired by any cohesive soil influences, to a large extent, three groups of fundamental properties indispensable in geotechnical design i.e. state of soil, shear strength, and stiffness characteristics. The basic stress history parameter (from which other parameters are derived) determined directly from laboratory tests is a preconsolidation stress σ′
p. Since the first method proposed by Casagrande in 1936, value σ′
p is determined in the oedometer test as a border between overconsolidated (OC) and normally consolidated (NC) zones. Approach based on division between predominantly elastic, (recoverable) strain, and plastic (irrecoverable) strain is a main principle of several methods of σ′
p determination, which have been proposed over the past eighty-six years.
Accumulated experiences have revealed that any laboratory procedure based on the oedometer test does not provide realistic value of preconsolidation stress, especially in heavy preconsolidated soils. The major reason for that results from the fact that the mechanism responsible for natural overconsolidation is more complicated than mechanical preloading. Therefore, there is a necessity to reevaluate effectiveness of standard methods and look for another solution of evaluation yield stress σ′
Y in natural soils.
This article presents the comparison between σ′
Y determined for various soils with use of standard methods based on conventional oedometer test and yield stress determined on the basis of alternative procedures. The latter are represented by various approaches as e.g. based on SHANSEP procedure or initial shear modulus and others. The most promising among these alternative methods is a new concept based on dilatancy phenomenon that takes place during shearing of a dense soil. The parameter reflecting stress history is derived from pore pressure response and is based on characteristic values of Skempton's parameter A record. Consistency of data concerning stress history parameters profile obtained for deep subsoil on the basis of various methods is shown for comparison.
Indian Government Schemes Based Analysis on Women Empowerment In Financial Inclusion
Authors: Singh Tanu , Pande Sarveshwar 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In general Women belonging to villages tend to spend the maximum of their time in household activities without any hesitation. In return, they don’t receive any merits or credits from the family and society. This paper aims in conducting detailed research work based on, the understanding found among women folk belonging to lower-middle-class women and poor income about the need for financial inclusion. The study was carried out in Ludhiana, Punjab among women from low-income and lower-middle-class households. Out of 1000 approaches, 757 respondents replied (75%). Later the data were organized and analyzed for the results. To make the work stronger a conceptual framework was framed. The tests like one-way ANOVA and Post-Hoc tests were also carried out. The outcomes showed that there are major differences seen when women are empowered and occupied they are reflecting positively on financial inclusion.
The Examination of the Relationship Between Foreign Direct Investment and Trade in Turkey: ARDL Approach
Authors: Ilham Karimov Mehman , Vaqif Nesirov Elcin , Calal Zeynalli Elay 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper is aimed to examine the effect of Foreign Direct Investment inflow on Trade (Export, Import) in Turkey. The study copes the time span from 2006 Q2 to 2019 Q4. The time series datasets, those are retrieved from CBT and FRED database are used in applied econometrical methods such as ADF, PP, Zivot Andrews Unit Root Tests, ARDL bounds testing approach, and the Granger Causality tests, to accomplish the statistical part of the research. Based on the findings, it was supported that there was a positive relationship between FDI and Trade. Additionally, the outputs of Granger causality test indicated that there is a unidirectional causality running from FDI to Trade (Export and Import).
Grassroots Democracy and Local Governance Issues: Perspective from Rural India
Authors: Faheem Mohd 
Published: October 2023

Objective: This paper aims to focus on grassroots democracy in India and also to find out the role local self-government for the development of rural India and its challenges to govern.

Methods: The methodological path taken by using the secondary based data to find out the local government system and governance in India. The method approach was qualitative descriptive research.

Results and conclusion: The Panchayati Raj system of local self-government was introduced by the 73rd Amendment of the Constitution of India which influenced the village life extensively as one of the most important units of democratic decentralization. Seventy-third Constitutional Amendment Act, ‘Empowering People for Prosperity´, brings out a significant change in the attitude, behavior and performance of the rustic folk in India. There are more than 250,000 local government bodies across India with nearly 3.1 million elected representatives. This paper reveals forward states provide good governance through the local government in the core areas of development with execution of plans in rural India and on the other hand, backward states are lack in governance due to nature the corruption laden politics exist in those states.

Implication of the research: This study sums up with the significance of grassroots democracy and its role in the development of rural India and at the same time to highlights the hurdle in the governance ecosystem of local governments in rural India.

Originality/value: The value of this study lies in its focus on a relatively aspect of grassroots governance system in India. It addresses a significant gap in the current literature, providing fresh insights into governance system in rural India and the strengthen the grassroots democracy.
THE READABILITY OF KEY AUDIT MATTERS PARAGRAPH IN AUDITOR'S REPORT: A STUDY FROM ASEAN COUNTRIES
Authors: Jayanti Dwi , Fatima Eliza 
Published: October 2023

The objective of this research is to explore the readability level of the Key Audit Matters (KAM) paragraph as well as its progress since the first time implementation of KAM for financial statements issued by auditors for listed companies in ASEAN countries. KAM paragraph is extracted from an audit opinion issued by a public accounting firm for companies listed in the capital market around ASEAN countries. Following prior research, by using learning curve theory as a basis, this research applies a quantitative approach to evaluate the readability of the KAM and its progress. Readability is measured by using several commonly used linguistic techniques, which are Flesch Reading Ease (FLESCH), Flesch–Kincaid (KINCAID), and Gunning Fog (FOG) measures). In addition to its role in KAM topic-related research, by bringing the perspective to focus more on readability, this research is able to provide new perspectives on the capability of KAM to affect financial statements users' decisions, as well as provide additional insight for the regulator or professional body for public accountant profession on designing the practical support and assistance to enhance the current practice of KAM writing done by the public accountant, as well as insight for the public accounting firm in preparing clearer and readable KAM paragraphs. This research used ASEAN market data as an emerging market and covered up to the recent year auditor's report to study the readability of the KAM paragraph. Despite some inconsistencies in the observation result, we can make an inference that the readability level of KAM produced by auditors for listed entities in ASEAN countries tend to be more difficult to read as number of experiences in issuing it increasing. This pattern is consistently shown when the sample is divided by type of Auditor and country of exchange. However, when the sample is further detailed down by industry sector, inferences is difficult to be made.
Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar Biologi Siswa Melalui Teknik Tebak Kata Pada Materi Pembelahan Sel Kelas XII IPA 2 Di SMA Negeri 3 Cikampek
Authors: Yulianti Lia , Sajiman Supardi Uki 
Published: October 2023

Masalah besar dalam bidang pendidikan di Indonesia yang banyak diperbincangkan di antaranya rendahnya mutu pendidikan yang tercermin dari rendahnya rata-rata prestasi belajar, khususnya siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas. Masalah lain dalam bidang pendidikan di Indonesia yang juga banyak diperbincangkan yaitu pendekatan dalam pembelajaran yang masih terlalu didominasi oleh guru (teacher centered). Temuan di lapangan seperti yang terjadi di SMA Negeri 3 Cikampek, menunjukkan bahwa kurangnya partisipasi siswa dalam proses pembelajaran terutama mata pelajaran Biologi, mengakibatkan siswa menjadi pasif, kurang kreatif dan kurang memiliki kompetensi. Oleh karena itu berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut, maka dilakukan suatu penelitian untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar dengan menggunakan teknik baru dalam proses pembelajaran yaitu Teknik Tebak Kata.Populasi dan sampel yang digunakan adalah seluruh siswa kelas XII IPA 2 di SMA Negeri 3 Cikampek yang berjumlah 40 orang. Hasil yang didapatkan dari penerapan metode ini yaitu, Siklus I dalam tahap kegiatan tebak kata menjawab benar berjumlah 9 pasangan 50% kemudian meningkat menjadi 12 pasangan 66,67% pada tahap penguatan. Demikian juga pada Siklus II, pada tahap kegiatan tebak kata menjawab benar berjumlah 14 pasangan 77,78% kemudian meningkat menjadi 16 pasangan 88,89% pada tahap penguatan. Hasil tes belajar juga menunjukkan peningkatan. nilai rata-rata siswa yang semula 66, 42 pada Siklus I meningkat menjadi 71, 26 pada Siklus II. Siswa yang menguasai bahan ajar atas dasar SKBM patokan sekolah yang ditentukan 75, semula 25 orang (69,44%) pada Siklus I meningkat 22,22% menjadi 33 orang (91,7 %) pada Siklus II.
Contaminación Auditiva por Uso Inadecuado de Equipos de Sonido Urbanización Bahía Buenaventura
Authors: Agudelo Grueso Delmy Virginia , Mosquera Potes Sandra Nayive 
Published: October 2023

La contaminación auditiva presente en la Urbanización Bahía, situada en el Distrito de Buenaventura, es una afectación que tradicionalmente ha venido limitando a la comunidad allí asentada, la capacidad de gozar de adecuada existencia puesto que el ruido emitido por los equipos de sonido encendidos a altos decibles de acucia, causan contaminación en el ambiente comunitario resultando como consecuencias severas alteraciones en las personas de la comunidad quienes, sometidas de manera involuntaria a esa situación negativa, se percibe vulneradas de diferentes maneras en su salud física, mental como también, en el ambiente social del barrio. El estudio consiste en el abordaje de la problemática de contaminación auditiva generada por el uso inadecuado de los equipos de sonido en la comunidad señalada y para el desarrollo del estudio, fue necesario hacer respectiva revisión bibliográfica y aplicación de instrumentos investigativos en el campo de estudio, para poder contar con elementos necesarios que conllevaran al establecimiento analítico. De manera concluyente, la investigación arrojó que el ruido musical, es una afectación que, constantemente afecta a familias asentadas en la urbanización Bahía del Distrito de Buenaventura, convirtiéndose esa situación, en un hecho generador de sentidas limitaciones para la adecuada existencia de las personas.
Sequencing of a fragment of the leptin gene in adolescents with different weight status
Authors: Bairova T. A. , Ershova O. A. , Sambyalova A. Yu. , Belyaeva E. V. , Sinkov V. V. , Rychkova L. V. 
Published: October 2023

Background. Obesity is a significant social problem among the population of the world. The leptin gene (LEP) is currently considered as a potential candidate gene influencing metabolic disorders associated with predisposition to overweight and obesity. Leptin plays an important role in body weight homeostasis by influencing food intake and energy expenditure and maintaining constant energy stores. A defect in the leptin gene may be one of the causes of obesity and, as a result, of various obesity-associated pathologies. The aim of the study. To search for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the leptin gene in adolescents with different weight status. Methods. The study involved 20 adolescents aged 11–17 years with normal body weight and overweight/obesity. Research methods: assessment of clinical status with anthropometry; Sanger sequencing of the leptin gene fragment localized in the intron of this gene – (5’-AGCCTTGTTTTCATCATCTGGA, 3’-TGGGAGGAATCGCTCTCAGA). We also carried out bioinformatic processing of sequencing results. Results. As a result of the study, the optimal conditions for amplification of the 891 bps leptin gene region were selected for the above mentioned primer pair of the LEP gene (s16_L891, s16_R891). Based on the results of sequencing, 45 single nucleotide substitutions of the LEP gene were identified, including 23 single nucleotide substitutions which were not previously registered in GenBank. In the group of adolescents with overweight and obesity, 14 unregistered single nucleotide substitutions of the LEP gene and 13 registered SNPs were identified in the GenBank database. In the group of adolescents with normal body weight, these SNPs were not found.
Automated morphometric studies of collagen fibers as an auxiliary method for diagnosing cold injury
Authors: Gruzdeva O. S. , Gruzdev R. V. , Rylskiy I. A. , Shapovalov K. G. 
Published: October 2023

Background. Cold injury is one of the most significant problems for the northern regions of the Russian Federation. Frostbite is defined as a complex of changes caused by the action of low temperatures, which lead to morphological changes in damaged tissue structures. As a result, the skin with underlying tissues and the intercellular matrix, the components of which are collagen fibers, are damaged, which eventually leads to remodeling and a protracted course of the wound process. Morphometric studies in combination with quantitative analysis of microphotographs (histological specimens) using GIS technologies make it possible to distinguish altered collagen fibers under the influence of low temperatures from relatively healthy tissues. The aim of the study. To assess the possibility of using computer analysis of microphotographs in a complex of morphometric studies of collagen fibers in local cold injury. Materials and methods. The study included 84 patients with III and IV degree frostbite of the lower extremities. Morphological study of tissues and microphotography were performed using Leica DM2500 microscope (Leica, Germany). The thickness of collagen fibers was measured based on visual measurements of characteristic areas of the microphotograph. Computer analysis of tissue microphotographs of the zone of cryoinjury was performed using the ArcINFO software (Esri, USA). Statistical processing of the study results was carried out using the SPSS Statistics software package (IBM Corp., USA). Graphs and diagrams were constructed using MS Office Excel (Microsoft Corp., USA). Results. With frostbite, severe tissue damage occurs, accompanied by the destructive processes of the extracellular matrix components. Low temperatures contribute to changes in the width and orientation of collagen fibers in the damaged area. In this regard, a change in the texture of the histological specimen image leads to achange in the numerical characteristics of the standard deviation of the curvature coefficient in the studied area of the microphotograph. Thus, in the late reactive period, the described complex of morphometric studies makes it possible to classify particular microphotograph as having pathological signs or as a sample of healthy tissue.
End-to-end convolutional neural network for automatic encoding facial descriptor (N-CNN) in the diagnosis of intrauterine distress
Authors: Korotaeva N. V. , Ippolitova L. I. , Pershina E. S. 
Published: October 2023

Background. Existing methods for studying intrauterine distress, despite their prevalence, still have their limitations, so studying and assessment of fetal movements during ultrasound diagnostics can become a convenient and affordable additional tool for diagnosing this pathological condition. The aim of the study. To assess the prevalence and diagnostic significance of a known set of fetal facial movements for the timely determination of intrauterine distress. Methods. This prospective single-center study included 225 fetuses of a gestational age from 32 to 40 weeks. The FIGO chart was used as fitting criteria of intrauterine distress. The assessment of facial movements in all fetuses was carried out using the BabyFACS technique, where the action unit (AU) used for the assessment; its coding is carried out in strict accordance with the chart of motor descriptors (MD). Statistical data processing was carried out using SPSS Statistics 20 (IBM Corp., USA). The Mann – Whitney test was used as the main statistical parameter, where a threshold level of 0.05 was chosen to interpret the p-tests value. Results. Despite the occurrence of AU1, AU2, AU3, AU4 in both groups, these MDs were recorded in the group with confirmed distress (p = 0.00001). Facial units such as AU9 and AU20 were found only in children with intrauterine distress, which, in the total amount of the MD assessment, can be considered one of the main search signs that specialists should first of all pay attention to. All motor descriptors showed high positive predictive value and diagnostic sensitivity, with the highest results registered for AU9 and AU20. Conclusion. Assessment of facial units during ultrasound diagnostics can be a convenient tool as an additional diagnosis of the development of intrauterine distress and requires further study.
Assessment of the course of the gestational process using survey method and depending on the laboratory confirmed prenatal alcohol use (cross-section study)
Authors: Marianian A. Yu. , Kalkova A. N. , Rashidova M. A. , Semenova N. V. , Belskikh A. V. , Belyaeva E. V. , Sambyalova A. Yu. , Atalyan A. V. , Tiumentceva D. P. , Ilyina A. B. , Kolesnikova L. I. 
Published: October 2023

Background. Studying the problem of alcohol consumption by pregnant women using modern laboratory research methods has valuable theoretical and practical significance. The aim of the study. To determine the characteristics of the pregnancy course in women consuming alcohol in the prenatal period confirmed by survey and laboratory tests, depending on the phosphatidylethanol levels. Materials and methods. We examined 863 women under observation at the Irkutsk Regional Perinatal Center for the period from 2014 to 2021. To confirm the fact of alcohol consumption in the prenatal period, 545 women were surveyed, 318 women were examined using laboratory analysis. The diagnostic biomarker for alcohol was PEth:16:0/18:1. To assign pregnant women to the control group, a PEth concentration of ≤ 8 ng/ml was taken. If the PEth concentration was > 8 ng/ml, pregnant women were classified as heavy drinkers. Clinical and laboratory indicators of the course of pregnancy and childbirth were carried out in comparative groups. Results. It has been established that every second woman of reproductive age took alcohol before pregnancy. 24.2 % of women did not stop consuming alcohol in the prenatal period. At the same time, the risk of congenital malformations was high, since 20.4 % of women consumed alcohol in the first trimester of pregnancy. Based on the results of the survey, it was revealed that in women who consumed alcohol in the prenatal period, the following pathological conditions are statistically significantly more common: anemia, congenital heart defects in fetuses, prematurity of gestational age, labor anomalies, uterus subinvolution. Based on the results of laboratory confirmation of alcohol consumption, it was established that parity of birth, intrauterine growth retardation, and premature birth were statistically significantly more often in pregnant women who drink. Conclusion. Thus, in order to obtain the most meaningful and high-quality results, it is necessary to conduct larger studies. In addition, maternal blood biomarkers should be used to confirm levels of alcohol consumption throughout all trimesters of pregnancy.
Comparative morphological characteristics of the uteroplacental area in abnormal placentation
Authors: Kulikov I. A. , Nizyaeva N. V. , Sukhacheva T. V. , Serov R. A. , Tikhonova N. B. , Fokina T. V. , Milovanov A. P. , Belousova T. N. , Milyutina E. R. , Mikhaleva L. M. 
Published: October 2023

The aim. To carry out a comparative morphological characteristic of the uteroplacental area with abnormal placentation – pl. accreta, pl. increta, pl. percreta. Materials and methods. The study included 47 patients with atypical placentation; the comparison group included 10 healthy pregnant women with uterine scar after a previous caesarean section. A histological study of uteroplacental area samples was performed with hematoxylin and eosin, methylene blue staining. An immunohistochemical study with primary antibodies to cytokeratin 7 (CK7), Hif2a, vascular endothelial growth factor, α-SMA was carried out. The differences between the compared values were considered to be statistically significant at p < 0.05. The results of the study. Pl. accreta was determined in 12 (25.5 %), pl. increta – in 30 (63.9 %), pl. percreta – in 5 (10.6 %) patients. In all patients of the main group, the decidua was completely or partially absent in the area of abnormal placentation or was replaced by an uneven layer of fetal fibrinoid. Cases when placental villi unevenly penetrated into the thickness of myometrium in the form of “tongues” or “coves” bordered by fetal fibrinoid and often located intermuscularly were defined as pl. increta (n = 26). Cases with the placental villi ingrowth to the serous membrane were considered as pl. percreta (n = 5). In cases with deep variants of ingrowth (pl. increta and pl. percreta) (n = 31), the villi were visualized in the lumen of the vessels and the thinning of the lower uterine segment with the presence of stretched muscle bundles was revealed. Aseptic necrosis of the myometrium was found: in 2 (16.7 %) of 12 women with pl. accreta, in 26 (86.7 %) of 30 women with pl. increta and in 5 (100 %) women with pl. percreta. There were no areas of necrosis in the myometrium of the women of comparison group. Conclusion. The appearance and increase of myometrial necrosis zones in response to an increase in the depth of placental villus ingrowth were detected. Myometrial necrosis zones could be the cause of activation of angiogenic factors and an important stimulus for the development of abnormal vascularization in placenta accreta spectrum.