bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of WEDM process parameters for machining hybrid composites (LM6/B4C/Fly Ash)
Authors: Udaya Prakash Jayavelu , Sarala Rubi Charles , Jebarose Juliyana Sunder , Salunkhe Sachin , Özerkan H. B. , Cepova Lenka 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionWire-electric discharge machining (WEDM) possesses multiple benefits over traditional production approaches; it allows for the precise processing of complex and rigid particulate-reinforced composite materials. Aluminium alloys have found widespread applications in surgical components, shipbuilding, aircraft, automobiles, and inhaling gas cylinders for scuba diving, due to its good strength, and light weight properties.MethodsThe main aim of this investigation is to optimize different process variables for LM6/B4C/Fly ash particle reinforced hybrid composites using WEDM to attain performance metrics such as maximum material removal rate (MRR) and minimal surface roughness (SR). Taguchi’s L27 orthogonal array (OA) matrix and Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) were used.Results and DiscussionAccording to ANOVA, the two variables with the most significant impact on MRR and SR are gap voltage and reinforcement percentage, with respective impacts of 29.59% and 20.69%. When the composite is machined, the following process variables work best: GV of 30 V, Ton of 10 µs, Toff of 2 µs, WF of 4 m/min, and R of 6%. A low gap voltage causes the erosion to rise and the MRR to increase. However, SR will also increase which is undesirable, so optimum gap voltage values are required for WEDM.
Linear IgA bullous dermatosis secondary to drugs: a real-world pharmacovigilance study of the FDA adverse event reporting system
Authors: Yang Yixuan , Xie Hanzhang , Liu Shuhan , Jia Ying , Cui Bingnan , Xiao Zhanshuo 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundLinear IgA bullous dermatosis (LABD) is a rare autoimmune blistering disease. The induction of LABD by medications is a critical issue, with previous studies highlighting the link between specific drugs and the onset of LABD. This study aims to assess the reported associations between LABD and numerous available medications using the FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS).MethodsThe study encompassed FAERS reports spanning the years 2004–2024. Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) was used to identify cases of LABD. The Reporting Odds Ratio, Proportional Reporting Ratio, Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network, and Empirical Bayes Geometric Mean were calculated to assess the reported associations between available drugs and LABD. A significant statistical association was considered when a drug signal met the criteria of all four algorithms.ResultsIn the FAERS database analysis, we identified 1,394 adverse event (AE) reports associated with LABD. The gender distribution of reports was relatively balanced, with the highest proportion in the 66–85 age group. The United States had the highest number of reports. Vancomycin and Amoxicillin were the most frequently reported drugs, with 559 and 58 reports, respectively. Through disproportionality analysis, we identified 34 drugs significantly associated with AEs of LABD, including antibiotics, antifungal medications, analgesics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, cardiovascular medications, and calcium channel blockers, among which the antibiotic Vancomycin showed the highest association. These results emphasize the need for further clinical attention to the safety of specific medications.ConclusionThis is the first real-world study using the FAERS database to investigate drug-induced LABD. LABD is closely associated with antibiotic medications. Close monitoring of patients is required when these medications are used clinically to promptly detect and manage potential AEs such as LABD.
Diagnostic potential of urinary CX3CL1 for amnestic mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Xu Yali , Zhang Jie , Shen Ying-Ying , Li Wei-Wei , Li Bin , Cheng Hai-Ping , Zeng Gui-Hua 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionThe role of the chemokine CX3CL1 in the processes of aging and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis is well-established. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic potential of urinary CX3CL1 levels in distinguishing between AD patients, those experiencing amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), and cognitively normal (CN) individuals.MethodsA cohort comprising 516 CN individuals across various age groups, 102 AD patients, and 65 subjects with aMCI was assembled, alongside 93 age- and sex-matched CN controls. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was utilized to quantify urinary CX3CL1 levels.ResultsUrinary CX3CL1 concentrations exhibited an age-dependent increase and demonstrated a positive correlation with age. Comparatively, AD patients exhibited significantly elevated urinary CX3CL1 levels when contrasted with both the CN controls and the aMCI cohort. Conversely, aMCI patients displayed urinary CX3CL1 levels that were notably reduced in comparison to both the AD and CN groups.ConclusionUrinary CX3CL1 levels correlate with the aging process and may serve as a potential diagnostic biomarker for both amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
A concise practical clinical guide to identifying spasticity in neurological shoulder dysfunction
Authors: Hoad Damon , Ashford Stephen , Bavikatte Ganesh , Farrell Rachel , Robertson Adrian , Wissel Jörg 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundSpasticity is a known complication to the hemiplegic shoulder following acquired brain injury. However, there is a current discrepancy between the diagnosis of arm spasticity and the subsequent assessment and treatment of spasticity in people with shoulder involvement.ObjectiveAn expert panel aimed to establish a consensus and provide a simple structured approach to identifying and assessing people with spasticity of the hemiplegic shoulder.MethodsA consensus group of six spasticity experts were interviewed individually via 1-h video calls to ascertain how they assess people with arm spasticity for shoulder involvement. During an in-person meeting in March 2023, a consensus-building process was used to discuss four topics: a checklist/tool to identify shoulder involvement in upper limb spasticity, measurements/scales for assessing shoulder spasticity, ‘red flags’ for other conditions affecting the shoulder, and assessment limitations and practicalities.ResultsWhere there was full agreement on a topic, recommendations to overcome challenges for initial and ongoing assessment of shoulder spasticity and goal-setting were developed, and categorized as Posture, Purposeful activity and Pain (‘the three Ps’). Posture should be observed when sitting and walking, as appropriate for the person, and compared to published shoulder spasticity patterns. Purposeful activity should be assessed using a systematic approach. The presence and nature of shoulder pain should be ascertained. Recommendations on impairment- and function-related measures are given.ConclusionThis consensus guidance provides practical recommendations on identifying shoulder spasticity to support clinicians in their management of people with neurological shoulder dysfunction.
Chronic fatigue and headache in post-COVID-19 syndrome: a radiological and clinical evaluation
Authors: Almeida Gonçalo G. , Alkan Saide , Hoepner Robert , Euler André , Diem Lara , Wagner Franca 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused millions of infections and deaths globally. Post-COVID-19 syndrome, or long COVID is characterized by lingering symptoms such as chronic fatigue, headaches, and sleep disturbances. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between these symptoms and T2-hyperintense white matter lesions detected on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and spine in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome.MethodsThis retrospective, single-center study analyzed a sample of 96 patients from Bern University Hospital in Switzerland who presented with suspected post-COVID-19 syndrome between 2020 and 2022. Patients completed self-report questionnaires evaluating fatigue, emotional wellbeing, and daytime sleepiness. Brain and spine MRIs were independently rated by 2 neuroradiologists for T2-hyperintense lesions. The correlation between these lesions and symptoms of fatigue and headache was assessed.ResultsThe cohort consisted predominantly of women (73%) with an average age of 46 years. Chronic fatigue (90%), sleep disorders (51%), and headache (57%) were the most prevalent symptoms. The fatigue questionnaires indicated high levels of fatigue. Brain MRI revealed T2-hyperintense lesions in 72% of patients, whereas spine MRI showed these lesions in only 16%. There was no statistically significant correlation between the presence of cerebral T2-hyperintense lesions and symptoms of fatigue (p = 0.815) or headaches (p = 0.178). Similarly, no significant correlation was found when considering numbers of pathological brain lesions (fatigue: p = 0.557; headaches: p = 0.820).ConclusionWhile T2-hyperintense lesions are common in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome, their presence does not correlate significantly with symptoms of fatigue or headaches. These findings suggest that T2-hyperintense brain lesions may not be directly related to the subjective experience of these symptoms. Further research with larger sample sizes and adjustment for potential confounding factors is necessary to better understand the relationship between MRI findings and post-COVID-19 syndrome symptoms.
Temporary spinal cord stimulation combined with lidocaine patch for postherpetic neuralgia in the elderly: a controlled study
Authors: Li Yun , Hao Chunhui , Wang Shengtao , Qiu Feng , Zhao Xuli , Sun Tao 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundPostherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is a chronic neuropathic pain condition in elderly patients following herpes zoster infection. Conventional treatments often have inconsistent efficacy and significant side effects. Combining spinal cord stimulation (SCS) with lidocaine patches may enhance pain relief by targeting central and peripheral pain mechanisms.MethodsThis randomized, controlled, single-blind trial enrolled 97 patients aged ≥60 years with PHN lasting ≥6 months. Participants were assigned to SCS with a 5% lidocaine patch (n = 49) or SCS with a placebo patch (n = 48). Both groups received oral pregabalin. The placebo patch was identical in appearance to ensure blinding. Pain intensity (VAS) and sleep quality (PSQI) were assessed at baseline and on days 1, 3, 7, 30, and 90 post-interventions. Subgroup analyses by age and PHN duration were conducted.ResultsAt day 90, the experimental group had greater reductions in VAS scores (1.6 ± 1.1) than the control group (2.7 ± 1.3, p &lt; 0.01). Clinically significant pain relief (≥50% VAS reduction) was achieved by 72.3% in the experimental group versus 45.8% in the control group (p = 0.038). PSQI scores improved more in the experimental group (5.3 ± 2.1) than in the control group (8.2 ± 2.7, p = 0.021). Patients with PHN duration &lt;60 days benefited more from combination therapy. Adverse events were minimal and similar between groups.ConclusionCombining SCS with lidocaine patches significantly enhances pain relief and sleep quality in elderly PHN patients compared to SCS alone. Further multicenter studies are recommended to validate these findings and assess long-term outcomes.Clinical trial registrationhttps://www.chictr.org.cn/searchprojEN.html, ChiCTR2000039059.
αAsarone alleviates neuronal injury by facilitating autophagy via miR-499-5p/PDCD4/ATG5 signaling pathway in ischemia stroke
Authors: Yan Yonghuan , Wu Linfang , Wang Lu , Wang Dandan , Huang Mengting , Peng Jinyong , Huang Yingying 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionαAsarone, an essential oil derived from Acorus gramineus Aiton, which has been successfully used to treat epilepsy in traditional chinese medicine, and has also been reported to confer neuroprotective effects on stroke. However, its mechanism of action remains poorly understood.MethodsThe effects of αAsarone on autophagy were examined by WB, RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence colocalization, transmission electron microscope, and autophagic flux activity was measured by infecting HT22 cells with mRFP-GFP-LC3 adenovirus. And then, cells were transfected with both mimic-miR-499-5p and inhibit-miR-499-5p to investigate the role of miR-499-5p in regulating the effects of αAsarone on stroke. To further clarify the protective effect of αAsarone in vivo, TTC staining, neurological function score, H&amp;E staining, Nissl staining, Laser speckle contrast imaging, transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence colocalization, WB and RT-qPCR were performed in the MCAO mice.ResultsαAsarone was observed to inhibit the apoptosis of neuronal cells, and enhance autophagy. In addition, αAsarone promoted the expression of miR-499-5p. Targeting miR-499-5p can negatively regulate PDCD4 expression and the results from the dual-luciferase reporter assay demonstrate the direct targeting of PDCD4 by miR-499-5p. Promoting miR-499-5p can decrease the expression of PDCD4, increase ATG5, and enhance the protective effect of αAsarone on OGD/R injury while inhibiting miR-499-5p can weaken the effect of αAsarone. In vivo experiments further confirmed that αAsarone improved mice MCAO as evidenced by the amelioration of the neurological deficits and facilitated neuronal autophagy. Furthermore, we found that αAsarone reversed the effect of chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor, and enhanced neuronal autophagy via miR-499-5p/PDCD4/ATG5 signaling pathway.DiscussionOur data suggest that αAsarone alleviates neuronal injury of stroke by facilitating neuronal autophagy through the miR-499-5p/PDCD4/ATG5 signaling pathway.
Mechanistic insights into Rho/MRTF inhibition-induced apoptotic events and prevention of drug resistance in melanoma: implications for the involvement of pirin
Authors: Foda Bardees M. , Baker Annika E. , Joachimiak Łukasz , Mazur Marzena , Neubig Richard R. 
Published: January 2025

AimOvercoming therapy resistance is critical for effective melanoma control. Upregulation of Rho/MRTF signaling in human and mouse melanomas causes resistance to targeted therapies. Inhibition of this pathway by MRTFi, CCG-257081 resensitized resistant melanomas to BRAF and MEK inhibitors. It also prevented the development of resistance to vemurafenib (Vem). Here, we investigate the role of apoptosis and the protein pirin in CCG-257081-mediated suppression of drug resistance.MethodsUsing naïve and resistant mouse YUMMER melanoma cells, we studied the effect of the BRAF inhibitor Vem with or without CCG-257081 on real-time growth and apoptosis (activation of caspase, Propidium iodide (PI) staining, and PARP cleavage). The effects of CCG-257081 on proliferation (Ki67) and caspase-3 activation were assessed in resistant YUMMER_R tumors in vivo. Finally, two CCG-257081 enantiomers were tested for pirin binding, inhibition of the Rho/MRTF-mediated activation of ACTA2 gene expression in fibroblasts, and the prevention of Vem resistance development by YUMMER_P cells.ResultsVem reduced growth of parental but not resistant cells, while CCG-257081 inhibited both. The combination was more effective than Vem alone. CCG-257081, but not Vem, induced activation of caspase-3 and -7 in resistant cells and increased PARP cleavage and PI staining. CCG-257081 reduced proliferation and activated caspase-3 in YUMMER_R melanoma tumors. Both CCG-257081 enantiomers robustly suppressed development of Vem-resistant colonies with the S isomer being more potent (1 μM IC50).ConclusionCCG-257081 appears to target pre-resistant cells and Vem-induced resistant cells through enhanced apoptosis. Inhibition of pirin or the Rho/MRTF pathway can be employed to prevent melanoma resistance.
Comparison of a ready-to-use intranasal dexmedetomidine spray with traditional intranasal dexmedetomidine drops for sedation in preschool children: a prospective, randomized, controlled study
Authors: Jin Qi-Qi , Cai Wei-Cha , Zhou Ying-Feng , Zhang Yan-Tong , Chen Gang , Xu Meng-Ting , Li Jun , Yuan Kai-Ming 
Published: January 2025

PurposeThis study compared the efficacy and acceptability of a ready-to-use intranasal dexmedetomidine spray (DS) versus traditional drops administered by syringe (DD) in pediatric patients undergoing elective surgery.Patients and MethodsEighty-six preschool children were enrolled in a prospective, randomized, controlled study. Children were randomly assigned to receive either DS or DD. For children weighing between 10.5 and 18.5 kg, a dexmedetomidine dosage of 30 μg (two sprays) was administered, while those weighing between 18.5 and 25.5 kg received 45 μg (three sprays). In the DD group, dexmedetomidine was administered at a dose of 2 μg/kg based on body weight. The primary outcome was the proportion of children achieving a Ramsay sedation scale (RSS) score of ≥3 within 30 min. Secondary outcomes included acceptance of intranasal medication, anxiety at parental separation and prior to induction, and compliance with induction.ResultsA total of 83 cases were analyzed. The proportion of children achieving an RSS score of ≥3 within 30 min was similar between the DS and DD groups (90.7% vs. 77.5%, respectively). However, the acceptance score was significantly better in the DS group (mean difference [95%]: −0.9 [−1.267 to −0.5325], P &lt; 0.001). No significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of successful child-parent separation (88.4% vs. 85%) or satisfactory anxiolytic effect prior to induction (95.3% vs. 92.5%). Compliance with induction was comparable, with 53.5% in the DS group and 40.0% in the DD group demonstrating “optimal” compliance.ConclusionBoth intranasal spray and syringe drop methods were highly effective in providing sedation and anxiolysis, but the ready-to-use intranasal dexmedetomidine spray was more acceptable to children, offering a viable alternative to the syringe method.Clinical Trial RegistrationChiCTR.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR2400089374.
Global bibliometric analysis of traditional Chinese medicine regulating gut microbiota in the treatment of diabetes from 2004 to 2024
Authors: Liang Jieling , Lin Xiaojuan , Liao Xin , Chen Xi , Zhou Ying , Zhang Lin , Qin Yunyun , Meng Haoru , Feng Zhongwen 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivesThe therapeutic efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in modulating gut microbiota for diabetes treatment has garnered increasing scholarly attention. This study aims to meticulously examine current research trajectories and focal areas from 2004 to 2024, providing a foundational framework for future inquiries.MethodsA comprehensive search of documents published between 2004 and 2024 was conducted using the Web of Science database. The resulting data were analyzed and visualized using R software, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace.ResultsThe study included a total of 751 documents. From 2004 to 2022, the number of annual publications showed a continuous upward trend (2004: n = 1 to 2022: n = 159), and the number of publications in 2023 (n = 141) decreased slightly from the previous year. China emerged as the leading country in terms of article publications (n = 430). Additionally, the United States played a prominent role in international research collaborations. Frontiers in Pharmacology (n = 31) was the most frequently published journal, while Nature (n = 1,147) achieved the highest citation count. Key identified keywords included obesity, insulin resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress.ConclusionThree key research focuses in this domain include: the therapeutic effects of active constituents in TCM on diabetes via gut microbiota modulation, the underlying mechanisms through which TCM influences gut microbiota in diabetes management, and the targeted regulation of specific gut bacterial populations by TCM in the treatment of diabetes.
Investigating the effects of previous injury on subsequent training loads, physical fitness, and injuries in youth female basketball players
Authors: Huang Yuanqi , Wang Shaonan , Li Changfei , Wang Yukun , Bai Zhanshuang , Lv Binghao , Gui Yuheng , Wei Zhongjian 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundPrevious studies have shown that athletes accustomed to higher chronic workloads are less susceptible to injury than those exposed to lower chronic workloads. However, few studies have evaluated whether previous injury influences them. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of previous injuries on subsequent training loads, physical fitness, and injury rates in female youth basketball players.MethodsTraining load, physical fitness, and injuries of 18 young female basketball players (age 16.8 ± 1.4 years) were monitored. Previous injury status was clustered using the K-means clustering algorithm to separate players into high-risk and low-risk groups. Linear mixed models were used to analyze the effects of previous injury status on subsequent training load and physical fitness. Meanwhile, the differences between the players’ injury groups were analyzed.ResultsPrevious injury status can significantly impact a player’s subsequent training loads, including acute loads, chronic loads, skill-based training loads, training monotony, and training strain (all p &lt; 0.05). The two groups had no significant differences in physical fitness (all p &gt; 0.05). Furthermore, the incidence of non-contact injuries was significantly higher in the high-risk group than low-risk group, which would result in more training time lost (all p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionThis study identified the impact of previous injury status on subsequent training load, physical fitness, and injuries in youth female basketball players. These findings provide valuable insight for coaches to optimize training loads according to previous injury status, aiming to minimize the likelihood of subsequent injuries.
Relationship between academic procrastination and internet addiction in Peruvian university students: the mediating role of academic self-efficacy
Authors: Chavez-Yacolca Dana Rocio , Castro-Champión Ruth Beatriz , Cisneros-Gonzales Nely Marlene , Cunza-Aranzábal Denis Frank , Morales-García Mardel , Abanto-Ramírez Carlos D. 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionThis study evaluated the mediating role of academic self-efficacy in the relationship between internet addiction and academic procrastination among Peruvian university students.MethodA cross-sectional explanatory design was employed with a convenience sample of 334 participants. Instruments used included the Specific Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale of Academic Situations (EAPESA), the Lima Internet Addiction Scale (EAIL), and the Academic Procrastination Scale (APS). The reliability and internal structure of each scale were verified, and the EAIL was validated. Descriptive analysis and correlation between variables were conducted, followed by path and mediation analyses.ResultsInternet addiction significantly negatively affected academic self-efficacy (β = −0.381, t = −4.52, p &lt; 0.001). Academic self-efficacy negatively impacted academic procrastination (β = −0.522, t = −7.04, p &lt; 0.001). Internet addiction positively affected academic procrastination (β = 0.642, t = 5.72, p &lt; 0.001). The total effect of internet addiction on academic procrastination and academic self-efficacy was significant (β = 0.841, t = 7.17, p &lt; 0.001). Academic self-efficacy partially mediates the relationship between internet addiction and academic procrastination, suggesting universities should implement strategies to enhance academic self-efficacy in students.