bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of repeated doses of botulinum toxin type B in type A resistant and responsive cervical dystonia
Authors: Factor Stewart A. , Molho Eric S. , Evans Sharon , Feustel Paul J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractEfficacy of botulinum toxin type B (BoNT B) for the treatment of type A‐resistant (AR) and non‐A‐resistant (NAR) cervical dystonia (CD) has been demonstrated in several single injection studies. There is little data available on long‐term therapy with repeated injection sessions and it is unknown if AR and NAR patients respond in a similar manner over time. To evaluate the long‐term efficacy and safety of BoNT B in AR and NAR CD patients, we carried out a prospective, open‐label study examining 10 repeated dosing sessions of BoNT B in 34 patients with CD (15 AR and 19 NAR). Dosing was started at 10,000 units and could be increased to 25,000. Assessments included the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS) and a patient global assessment at each baseline (injection) and Week 4 (peak effect) visit. Change in TWSTRS total was the primary efficacy end point. Data was analyzed using repeated‐measures analysis of variance. BoNT B therapy resulted in an overall significant improvement of CD (P < 0.001) and improvement was seen in all 10 individual sessions (2.5 years). The magnitude of response decayed over time (P < 0.001). There was no difference between AR and NAR patients with regard to dose, treatment effect, or decay in response. The AR group perceived (patient global) treatment as being less effective (P = 0.047). Dry mouth frequency decreased with each session despite increasing doses whereas flu‐like syndrome and weakness increased. BoNT B therapy provides long‐term benefit for CD patients but the magnitude of response diminishes over time. The cause of this decay is probably multifactorial. AR and NAR CD patients respond in a similar fashion. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Open‐label pilot study of levetiracetam (Keppra) for the treatment of levodopa‐induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Zesiewicz Theresa A. , Sullivan Kelly L. , Maldonado John L. , Tatum William O. , Hauser Robert A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe evaluated the tolerability and preliminary efficacy of levetiracetam (LEV; Keppra) in reducing levodopa‐induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease (PD) in an open‐label pilot study. Nine PD patients who were experiencing peak‐dose dyskinesias for at least 25% of the awake day and were at least moderately disabling were treated with LEV in doses up to 3,000 mg for up to 60 days. The primary outcome measure was the percent of the awake day that patients spent on without dyskinesia or with nontroublesome dyskinesia (good on time). The mean dose of LEV at endpoint was 625 ± 277 mg/day. LEV significantly improved percent of the awake day on without dyskinesia or with nontroublesome dyskinesia at endpoint compared to baseline (43% ± 12% vs. 61% ± 17%; P = 0.02). Percent on time with troublesome dyskinesia decreased from 23% ± 10% at baseline to 11% ± 6% at endpoint, although not significantly. There was no significant increase in off time from baseline to endpoint. There was a 56% dropout rate, mostly due to somnolence. In PD patients who experienced peak‐dose dyskinesia for at least 25% of the awake day, LEV significantly improved on time without dyskinesia or with nontroublesome dyskinesia. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Frequency of movement disorders in an Ethiopian university practice
Authors: Bower James H. , Teshome Mesfin , Melaku Zenebe , Zenebe Guta 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThere is little information on the frequency of movement disorders seen by physicians in the continent of Africa. We performed a medical record review of all patients seen in a university‐based neurology clinic in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, over 1 year to determine the frequency of movement disorders seen, disease characteristics, diagnostic evaluations, and treatment. A total of 15.1% of the neurological patients were seen for movement disorders. Of these, most were for parkinsonism (47.7%), followed by ataxia (16.5%), dystonia (8.3%), essential tremor (8.3%), chorea (7.3%), and miscellaneous (11.9%). Diagnostic evaluations were limited, but treatment was available, although expensive. In spite of the limitations, patients with movement disorders require and seek care in Ethiopia in proportions comparable to developed nations. This finding underlines the need for adequate training in movement disorders for physicians and neurologists in Africa. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Effect of kynurenine 3‐hydroxylase inhibition on the dyskinetic and antiparkinsonian responses to levodopa in parkinsonian monkeys
Authors: Samadi Pershia , Grégoire Laurent , Rassoulpour Arash , Guidetti Paolo , Izzo Emanuela , Schwarcz Robert , Bédard Paul J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractHomeostatic interactions between dopamine and glutamate are central to the normal physiology of the basal ganglia. This relationship is altered in Parkinsonism and in levodopa‐induced dyskinesias (LID), resulting in an upregulation of corticostriatal glutamatergic function. Kynurenic acid (KYNA), a tryptophan metabolite with antagonist activity at ionotropic glutamate receptors and the capability to inhibit glutamate release presynaptically, might therefore be of therapeutic value in LID. To evaluate this hypothesis, we used a pharmacological tool, the kynurenine 3‐hydroxylase inhibitor Ro 61‐8048, which raises KYNA levels acutely. Ro 61‐8048 was tested in MPTP cynomolgus monkeys with a stable parkinsonian syndrome and reproducible dyskinesias after each dose of levodopa. Serum and CSF concentrations of KYNA and its precursor kynurenine increased dose‐dependently after Ro 61‐8048 administration, alone or in combination with levodopa. Coadministration of Ro 61‐8048 with levodopa produced a moderate but significant reduction in the severity of dyskinesias while maintaining the motor benefit. These results suggest that elevation of KYNA levels through inhibition of kynurenine 3‐hydroxylase constitutes a promising novel approach for managing LID in Parkinson's disease. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
PIFA loaded with artificial magnetic material: Practical example for two utilization strategies
Authors: Ikonen Pekka , Maslovski Stanislav , Tretyakov Sergei 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn this paper, we experimentally investigate the effect of artificial magnetic material loading on the radiation properties of a planar inverted F‐antenna (PIFA). We introduce two principal strategies for the utilization of the magnetic material with planar antennas. It is shown that a dramatic bandwidth enhancement is achievable when the material is utilized in its resonant regime. In addition, it is experimentally proven that at frequencies below the material resonance, the load can be considered as a paramagnetic material, thus enabling efficient size miniaturization. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 46: 205–210, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20946
Band selection in an amplified spontaneous emission source using the backward‐feedback technique
Authors: Sinivasagam V. , Dimyati K. , Singh R. D. , Abushagur M. A. G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn this paper, the band‐selective behavior in an amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) source of an erbium‐doped silica fiber (EDF) is demonstrated. C‐band operation is obtained without backward ASE feedback, whereas L‐band operation is obtained with backward ASE feedback. The conversion from C‐band to L‐band results in a total spectral power improvement of 0.3 dB, while the 980‐nm pump power is fixed at 44.5 mW. The average power‐density improvement for the L‐band region (1565–1605 nm) was 18.9 dB with a maximum of 33.8 dB at 1565.0 nm, compared to the feedback and nonfeedback systems. The maximum power‐density results for the feedback and nonfeedback systems are −10.4 and −4.0 dBm at 1559.4 and 1563.4 nm, respectively. A bandwidth of 85.6 nm (1515.4–1601.0 nm) and 67.3 nm (1545.2–1612.5 nm) was obtained for the feedback and nonfeedback systems, respectively, at a power density of −30 dBm/nm. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 46: 218–220, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20949
Investigation of the mutual effect between human head and new shapes of PIFAs used in mobile communication systems
Authors: Nashaat Dalia , Alsadek Hala , Ghali Hani 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis paper studies the influence of the close proximity between the human head and various planar inverted‐F antennas (PIFAs) used for portable handsets. The effects of the head on the antenna characteristics are investigated. The results for three selected antenna shapes are illustrated. The simulations are done using an HFSS head phantom with a PIFA in the same radiation box. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 46: 243–248, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20957
Dielectric electromagnetic band gap design with genetic algorithm
Authors: Rajo‐Iglesias Eva , Sanabria‐Martínez Patricia , Fernández‐Villacañas José‐Luis 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPeriodic dielectric structures have been used for a widespread of microwave applications. In this work, a developed software to design 2D dielectric electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structures is presented. By selecting the stop‐band properties of bandwidth and central frequency, the software provides the materials and dimensions for an optimized design. A special genetic algorithm (GA) has been used as an optimization procedure. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 46: 248–252, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20958
Accuracy investigation of the wire‐grid model in EM scattering analysis with the MoM
Authors: Yuan Weiliang , Li Erping 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis paper investigates a wire‐grid model for the scattering analysis of bodies using the method of moments (MoM). The accuracy of the model is explored in terms of basis functions, and the size and radius of the segments of the model are determined through a defined error function. The numerical simulations indicate that the wire‐grid model can accurately calculate the scattering problems when the proper model and the triangular basis function in the MoM are used. The optimal radius of the segments in the model is determined. However, the MoM with the sinusoidal basis function used in NEC2 results in very high error if both large size and large radius are adopted for the segments. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 46: 259–263, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20960
Chromatic dispersion measurement using the relative power of two beating frequencies
Authors: Al‐Qdah M. T. , Rashid H. A. , Khazani M. , Dimyati K. , Ali B. M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA novel technique for measuring the accumulated chromatic dispersion (CD) in single‐mode fiber (SMF) is presented. The technique measures CD by simultaneously launching pump and probe optical signals at ω1 angular optical‐frequency separation, and two phase‐conjugated terms into the SMF. The relative power of the beat frequencies that appear after the photodetector at ω1 and at 2ω1 is used to determine the net dispersion. This technique was successfully demonstrated using a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) as a phase conjugator in order to achieve a 20‐dB relative power variation as a result of up to 1900‐ps/nm CD change. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 46: 268–271, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20962
Analysis of the modal characteristics of a Bragg fiber with a small number of claddings using a very simple analytical approach
Authors: Singh Vivek , Prasad B. , Ojha S. P. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn this paper, we reexamine the well‐known Bragg fibers from a very simple, analytical point of view. It is found that with a very small number of cladding regions one can obtain modal characteristics of Bragg fibers which are similar to those of the step‐index standard fiber under the weak‐guidance condition. The Bragg fibers are therefore close competitors of the standard weakly‐guiding step‐index fiber with respect to the few mode‐guidance properties, apart from low absorption. We show this for some special cases by obtaining the dispersion curves. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 46: 271–275, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20963
Ultra wide band pass filters (UWBPF) based on complementary split rings resonators
Authors: Bonache J. , Martín F. , García‐García J. , Gil I. , Marqués R. , Sorolla M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn this work, a new strategy for the design of microstrip filters with ultra‐wide bandwidths is proposed. This is based on the combination of square‐shaped complementary split‐ring resonators (CSRRs) etched in the ground plane and grounded stubs. Coupling between adjacent resonators is achieved by means of λ/4 lines, acting as impedance inverters. To illustrate the potentiality of the approach, a prototype device with 90% fractional bandwidth has been designed for operation at C‐band. The measured fractional bandwidth (87%), in‐band losses (<1.3 dB), and out‐of‐band rejection (>30 dB), obtained on a device scaled down in frequency, point out the high performance achievable with this design methodology. Moreover, the first frequency parasitic (spurious) does not appear up to three times the central filter frequency. Due to the small dimensions, wide bandwidths, and compatibility with planar circuit technology, it is believed that the approach presented in this work can be of actual interest to the design of filters for ultra‐wideband applications. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 46: 283–286, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20966
Feasibility of a low‐cost hybrid tunable phase shifter based on nonlinear transmission lines
Authors: Jrad Akil , Bourtoutian Raffi , Ferrari Philippe , El Helwani Amer 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis paper presents the realization of a hybrid tunable phase shifter. The principle advantage of the hybrid approach is the low cost of the varactor diodes. The phase shifter employs a variable‐velocity transmission line obtained by periodically loading a coplanar waveguide (CPW) with the varactors. The designed phase shifter is able to produce a variable phase shift from 0° to 180° at 3.8 GHz with a maximum insertion loss of 4 dB. The return loss is better than −10 dB over all the phase states. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 46: 286–289, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20967
On the design model of broadside‐coupled SSS line for microwave integrated circuits
Authors: Kumar Raj 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA practical design model for the analysis of broadside‐coupled suspended‐substrate stripline is presented. The modified design expression of the shielded microstrip line is valid for a wide range of structural parameters and dielectric constants, that is,1.0≤ εr≤140.0for dielectric constant,0.1≤ w/h ≤10.0for strip width with an accuracy of <0.5%. This design expression is further extended for broadside‐coupled suspended‐substrate stripline. The proposed broadside‐coupled suspended‐substrate stripline (BCSSS) expressions are valid over a practical range of structural parameters and dielectric constants. The validity range of this expression for structural parameters is1.0≤ εr≤16.0for dielectric constant,0.1≤ w/b ≤2.0for strip width, and s/b ≤0.5for substrate thickness. The average accuracy of the present expressions is <0.6% and <0.2% for the even‐ and odd‐mode effective dielectric constants, respectively, with maximum deviation less than 1.16% with respect to reference value. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 46: 292–297, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20969
Coordinated scheduling of customer orders for quick response
Authors: Ahmadi Reza , Bagchi Uttarayan , Roemer Thomas A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe scheduling problem addressed in this paper concerns a manufacturer who produces a variety of product types and operates in a make‐to‐order environment. Each customer order consists of known quantities of the different product types, and must be delivered as a single shipment. Periodically the manufacturer schedules the accumulated and unscheduled customer orders. Instances of this problem occur across industries in manufacturing as well as in service environments. In this paper we show that the problem of minimizing the weighted sum of customer order delivery times is unary NP‐hard. We characterize the optimal schedule, solve several special cases of the problem, derive tight lower bounds, and propose several heuristic solutions. We report the results of a set of computational experiments to evaluate the lower bounding procedures and the heuristics, and to determine optimal solutions. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005.
A dynamic allocation heuristic for centralized safety stock
Authors: Cao De‐bi , Silver Edward A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAn inventory system that consists of a depot (central warehouse) and retailers (regional warehouses) is considered. The system is replenished regularly on a fixed cycle by an outside supplier. Most of the stock is direct shipped to the retailer locations but some stock is sent to the central warehouse. At the beginning of any one of the periods during the cycle, the central stock can then be completely allocated out to the retailers. In this paper we propose a heuristic method to dynamically (as retailer inventory levels change with time) determine the appropriate period in which to do the allocation. As the optimal method is not tractable, the heuristic's performance is compared against two other approaches. One presets the allocation period, while the other provides a lower bound on the expected shortages of the optimal solution, obtained by assuming that we know ahead of time all of the demands, period by period, in the cycle. The results from extensive simulation experiments show that the dynamic heuristic significantly outperforms the “preset” approach and its performance is reasonably close to the lower bound. Moreover, the logic of the heuristic is appealing and the calculations, associated with using it, are easy to carry out. Sensitivities to various system parameters (such as the safety factor, coefficient of variation of demand, number of regional warehouses, external lead time, and the cycle length) are presented. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005.
Design of Survivable Networks: A survey
Authors: Kerivin Hervé , Mahjoub A. Ridha 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFor the past few decades, combinatorial optimization techniques have been shown to be powerful tools for formulating and solving optimization problems arising from practical situations. In particular, many network design problems have been formulated as combinatorial optimization problems. With the advances of optical technologies and the explosive growth of the Internet, telecommunication networks have seen an important evolution and therefore designing survivable networks has become a major objective for telecommunication operators. Over the past years, much research has been carried out to devise efficient methods for survivable network models, and particularly cutting plane based algorithms. In this paper, we attempt to survey some of these models and the optimization methods used for solving them. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 46(1), 1–21 2005
Change of basis in polynomial interpolation
Authors: Gander W. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSeveral representations for the interpolating polynomial exist: Lagrange, Newton, orthogonal polynomials, etc. Each representation is characterized by some basis functions. In this paper we investigate the transformations between the basis functions which map a specific representation to another. We show that for this purpose the LU‐ and the QR‐decomposition of the Vandermonde matrix play a crucial role. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Splitting iterations for circulant‐plus‐diagonal systems
Authors: Ho Man‐Kiu , Ng Michael K. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe consider the system of linear equations (C + iD)x=b, where C is a circulant matrix and D is a real diagonal matrix. We study the technique for constructing the normal/skew‐Hermitian splitting for such coefficient matrices. Theoretical results show that if the eigenvalues of C have positive real part, the splitting method converges to the exact solution of the system of linear equations. When the eigenvalues of C have non‐negative real part, the convergence conditions are also given. We present a successive overrelaxation acceleration scheme for the proposed splitting iteration. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the method. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exponential data fitting using multilinear algebra: the single‐channel and multi‐channel case
Authors: Papy J. M. , De Lathauwer L. , Van Huffel S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThere is a wide variety of signal processing applications in which the data are assumed to be modelled as a sum of exponentially damped sinusoids. Many subspace‐based approaches (such as ESPRIT, matrix pencil, Prony, etc.) aim to estimate the parameters of this model. Typically, the data are arranged in Toeplitz or Hankel matrices and suitable parameter estimates are obtained via a truncated singular value decomposition (SVD) of the data matrix. It is shown that the parameter accuracy may be improved by arranging single‐channel or multi‐channel data in a higher‐order tensor and estimating the model parameters via a multilinear generalization of the SVD. The algorithm is presented and its performance is illustrated by means of simulations. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel bithiazole‐containing polymeric complex with soft ferromagnetism
Authors: Jiang Liming , Sun Weilin 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA novel polymer resulting from the polycondensation of 2,2′‐diamino‐4,4′‐bithiazole (DABT) with 5,5′‐methylene‐bis‐salicylaldehyde (MBSA) and its ferric complex are described. Analyses of Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that both bithiazole residue and Schiff‐base moiety acted as coordination sites for Fe3+ ions in the polymeric matrix. The magnetic behavior of the complex was studied as a function of magnetic field strength (0–60 kOe) at 25 K and as a function of temperature (5–300 K) at a magnetic field strength of 30 kOe. The hysteretic loop was measured at 5 K for the complex showing coercivity (Hc) of 20 Oe and remnant magnetization (Mr) of 0.002 emu/g, which is much lower than those of bithiazole‐based polymeric complexes previously reported. The results indicated that the present complex is of the typical characteristics of a soft ferromagnet. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.