bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
simRestore: A decision‐making tool for adaptive management of the native genetic status of wild populations
Authors: Hernández Flor , Janzen Thijs , Lavretsky Philip 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAnthropogenic hybridization, or higher and non‐natural rates of gene flow directly and indirectly induced by human activities, is considered a significant threat to biodiversity. The primary concern for conservation is the potential for genomic extinction and loss of adaptiveness for native species due to the extensive introgression of non‐native genes. To alleviate or reverse trends for such scenarios requires the direct integration of genomic data within a model framework for effective management. Towards this end, we developed the simRestore R program as a decision‐making tool that integrates ecological and genomic information to simulate ancestry outcomes from optimized conservation strategies. In short, the program optimizes supplementation and removal strategies across generations until a set native genetic threshold is reached within the studied population. Importantly, in addition to helping with initial decision‐making, simulations can be updated with the outcomes of ongoing efforts, allowing for the adaptive management of populations. After demonstrating functionality, we apply and optimize among actionable management strategies for the endangered Hawaiian duck for which the current primary threat is genetic extinction through ongoing anthropogenic hybridization with feral mallards. Simulations demonstrate that supplemental and removal efforts can be strategically tailored to move the genetic ancestry of Hawaii's hybrid populations towards Hawaiian duck without the need to completely start over. Further, we discuss ecological parameter sensitivity, including which factors are most important to ensure genetic outcomes (i.e. number of offspring). Finally, to facilitate use, the program is also available online as a Shiny Web application.
Investigation of response of patients with non‐small cell lung cancer to docetaxel (plus ramucirumab) therapy in second‐line treatment
Authors: Takahara Yutaka , Abe Ryudai , Nagae Sumito , Tanaka Takuya , Ishige Yoko , Shionoya Ikuyo , Yamamura Kouichi , Nishiki Kazuaki , Nojiri Masafumi , Kato Ryo , Shinomiya Shohei , Oikawa Taku 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundSeveral options for second‐line therapy are available for patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, the optimal therapy remains unclear. Docetaxel (DTX) monotherapy and DTX plus ramucirumab (RAM) are the recommended second‐line treatment options. However, the efficacy of these treatments remains unsatisfactory. The aim of this study was to identify the clinical characteristics of patients with NSCLC who respond to DTX or DTX + RAM and factors that predict response.MethodsPatients with NSCLC treated with DTX or DTX + RAM after second‐line therapy were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were compared with those who responded or did not respond to the post‐treatment efficacy assessment.ResultsOf 53 patients, 12 (22.6%) had lung cancer that responded to DTX or DTX + RAM therapy (response group). Multivariate analysis identified the absence of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the immediate prior therapy and a reduced dose of DTX after the second cycle as significant independent risk factors predicting nonresponse to DTX and DTX + RAM therapy in patients with NSCLC. The overall survival was significantly longer in the response group compared to the nonresponse group (p = 0.016).ConclusionsOur results suggest that DTX and DTX + RAM therapies immediately after treatment with ICI‐containing regimens as well as continuation of DTX without dose reduction after the second cycle may increase the response rate and prolong survival in patients with NSCLC.
Leaf water shedding: Moving away from assessments based on static contact angles, and a new device for observing dynamic droplet roll‐off behaviour
Authors: Dunkerley David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Leaf wettability and drainage characteristics of different taxa are often hypothesised to have emerged as a result of evolutionary selection, perhaps to limit the duration of leaf wetness, or to direct water toward efficiently to the soil and root system, rather than suffering loss to evaporation. Methods for quantifying leaf wetting and drainage are however not well‐developed. The present work describes a low‐cost, electro‐mechanical tilting table intended to facilitate precise and reproducible measurements of droplet shedding from leaves, describe by the roll‐off angle αroll.

The new tilting table uses widely‐available components (microcontroller, stepper motor and driver, liquid‐crystal display (LCD) and custom operating code) to achieve controlled tilting through the range 0° to >90° at user‐controlled rates of tilting. It is suitable for field use, such that leaf specimens can be tested within minutes of collection.

Water shedding tests on juvenile leaves from Homolanthus populifolius, native to the wet tropics of northern Queensland, Australia, show that testing of whole leaves (rather than small excised samples) reveals quite complex behaviour in which the open leaf surface is hydrophobic but major adaxial veins are strongly hydrophilic and can trap droplets. These can remain attached to the leaf at inclinations beyond vertical. Moreover, the apparent droplet roll‐off angles are dependent on the tilt speed applied.

Droplet roll‐off tests used to characterise the propensity for leaf wetting or water shedding require controlled and reproducible experimental conditions, and a device suitable for studying the whole intact leaf surface. Preliminary results on H. populifolius show complex adaxial leaf surface characteristics, with mixed hydrophobic and hydrophilic components. This suggests that overall propensity to retain or shed water droplets is likely to depend on the size and intensity of rain or canopy drip from above. This makes the inferring of evolutionary costs or advantages more challenging and more likely to co‐vary with regional environmental conditions.
Trends in where people buy their vaping products and differences by user and device characteristics: A population study in England, 2016–23
Authors: Jackson Sarah E. , Tattan‐Birch Harry , Brown Jamie 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimsTo explore where people in England typically buy e‐cigarettes/vaping products, how their characteristics and the types of products purchased differ according to the source of purchase and whether this is changing over time.DesignThis was a nationally representative monthly cross‐sectional survey.SettingThe study was conducted in England, 2016–23.ParticipantsA total of 6507 adults (≥ 18 years) who reported current vaping.MeasurementsParticipants were asked where they usually buy their vaping products: vape shops, supermarkets/convenience stores, on‐line or other sources (‘other’ or cheap from friends).FindingsUp to 2020, vape shops were the most common source of purchase (mean monthly proportion = 43.3%), followed by supermarkets/convenience stores (29.7%) and on‐line retailers (20.5%). In 2020, these purchasing patterns shifted: on‐line purchasing increased and vape‐shop purchasing fell. The rise in on‐line purchasing was short‐lived, peaking at 33.6% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 31.0–36.5%] in July 2021, and soon returned to baseline levels. However, the fall in vape‐shop purchasing persisted, remaining below 31% from July 2021 onwards, displaced by a rapid rise in purchasing from supermarkets and convenience stores from 31.6% (95% CI = 29.6–33.7%) in January 2021 to 48.5% (95% CI = 42.9–54.8%) by April 2023. This rise was most pronounced among younger adults (aged 18–35 years; Pinteraction < 0.001) and those mainly using disposable devices (Pinteraction = 0.013). Purchasing from other sources was relatively rare, and declined from 9.1% (95% CI = 6.6–12.7%) in July 2016 to 4.3% (95% CI = 2.6–7.1%) in April 2023.ConclusionsSupermarkets and convenience stores have recently overtaken vape shops to become the most popular places to buy vaping products in England. This change appears to have been driven by the rising popularity of new disposable e‐cigarettes among younger adults, who tend to buy these products from supermarkets/convenience stores.
Unusual imaging appearance of cemental tear in the maxillary first molar on cone‐beam computed tomography: A case report
Authors: Kuwada Chiaki , Kikuchi Takeshi , Kato Akiko , Naitoh Munetaka , Kise Yoshitaka , Mitani Akio , Honda Masaki , Ariji Eiichiro 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA cemental tear (CeT) is a definitive clinical entity and its radiographic appearance is well known in single‐rooted teeth. However, the imaging features of CeT in multi‐rooted teeth have not been clarified. We report a case of CeT which arose in the maxillary first molar and exhibited an unusual appearance in cone‐beam computed tomography images. The torn structure was verified as cementum by micro‐computed tomography and histological analysis. The hypercementosis, most likely induced by occlusal force, might have been torn from the root by a stronger occlusal force caused by the mandibular implant. An unusual bridging structure was created between the two buccal roots. These features may occur in multi‐rooted teeth with long‐standing deep pockets and abscesses that are resistant to treatment.
Effect of different apical actions of new integrated endodontic motors on apical debris extrusion: An in vitro study
Authors: Kılıç Yağmur , Tulgar Mustafa Mert , Karataşlıoğlu Emrah 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe new generation endodontic motors can perform different kinematics when they reach a certain predetermined level thanks to the integrated apex locator system. These actions consist of apical reverse, apical slow down and apical stop. The aim of this study is to compare this action's effect on apical debris extrusion. Sixty extracted human lower premolars were selected. Teeth are divided into four random groups (n = 15). Groups are prepared accordance to their group names as continuous rotation, apical slow down, apical reverse and apical stop. Extruded debris is collected into preweighted Eppendorf tubes and then calculated. One‐way ANOVA test showed no statistically significant result between experimental groups. Similar debris extrusion values of all motion modes of the integrated endodontic motor can be interpreted that there will be similar debris extrusion and consequently similar postoperative pain on clinical setting. More in vitro and in vivo research is needed to make a conclusion.
Early antenatal risk factors for births before arrival: An unmatched case–control study
Authors: Hubble Talia Rose , Nair Manisha , Aye Christina Y. L. , Mathewlynn Sam , Greenwood Catherine , Impey Lawrence 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionBirth before arrival is associated with maternal morbidity and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Yet, timely risk stratification remains challenging. Our objective was to identify risk factors for birth before arrival which may be determined at the first antenatal appointment.Material and methodsThis was an unmatched case–control study involving 37 348 persons who gave birth at a minimum of 22+0 weeks' gestation over a 5‐year period from January 2014 to October 2019 (IRAS project ID 222260; REC reference: 17/SC/0374). The setting was a large UK university hospital. Data obtained on maternal characteristics at booking was examined for association with birth before arrival using a stepwise multivariable logistic regression analysis. Data are presented as adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Area under the receiver‐operator characteristic curves (C‐statistic) were employed to enable discriminant analysis assessing the risk prediction of the booking data on the outcome.ResultsMultivariable analysis identified significant independent predictors of birth before arrival that were detectable at booking: parity, ethnicity, multiple deprivation, employment status, timing of booking, distance from home to the nearest maternity unit, and safeguarding concerns raised at booking by clinical staff. Our model demonstrated good discrimination for birth before arrival; together, the predictors accounted for 77% of the data variance (95% confidence interval 0.74–0.80).ConclusionsInformation gathered routinely at booking may discriminate individuals at risk for birth before arrival. Better recognition of early factors may enable maternity staff to direct higher‐risk women towards specialized care services at an early point in their pregnancy, enabling time for clinical and social interventions.
Harnessing the potential of data‐driven strategies to optimise transfusion practice
Authors: Evans H. G. , Murphy M. F. , Foy R. , Dhiman P. , Green L. , Kotze A. , von Neree L. , Palmer A. J. , Robinson S. E. , Shah A. , Tomini F. , Trompeter S. , Warnakulasuriya S. , Wong W. K. , Stanworth S. J. 
Published: November 2023

SummaryNo one doubts the significant variation in the practice of transfusion medicine. Common examples are the variability in transfusion thresholds and the use of tranexamic acid for surgery with likely high blood loss despite evidence‐based standards. There is a long history of applying different strategies to address this variation, including education, clinical guidelines, audit and feedback, but the effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of these initiatives remains unclear. Advances in computerised decision support systems and the application of novel electronic capabilities offer alternative approaches to improving transfusion practice. In England, the National Institute for Health and Care Research funded a Blood and Transplant Research Unit (BTRU) programme focussing on ‘A data‐enabled programme of research to improve transfusion practices’. The overarching aim of the BTRU is to accelerate the development of data‐driven methods to optimise the use of blood and transfusion alternatives, and to integrate them within routine practice to improve patient outcomes. One particular area of focus is implementation science to address variation in practice.
Translation, reliability and validity of the Greek version of the Child Engagement in Daily Life in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Dimakopoulos Rigas , Papadopoulou Μarianna , Pons Roser , Spinou Arietta 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundParticipation in family, recreational activities and self‐care is an integral part of health. It is also a main outcome of rehabilitation services for children and adolescents with disabilities. However, there are currently no available tools in Greek to assess participation in young children.MethodsThe Child Engagement in Daily Life (CEDL) was cross‐culturally translated into Greek using forward–backward translation, review by expert committee, pretest application and final review. Parents with children who have been diagnosed with cerebral palsy (CP) and were 18 months to 5 years old were recruited. Internal consistency was evaluated using the Cronbach alpha and test–retest reliability in 2 weeks using intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland–Altman plot for the agreement of each domain score. Measurement error was assessed utilising the standard error of measurement (SEM) and the smallest detectable change (SDC) and interpretability was assessed using the floor and ceiling effects. Validity was evaluated using the ‘known groups’ method, that is, assessing parents of children with typical development (TD).ResultsOne hundred and seven children with CP (mean age 43.63 ± 13.5 months), Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels I–V and 97 children with TD (mean age 43.63 ± 14.4 months) were included. Significant differences (p < 0.01) between children with CP and children with TD were recorded for all CEDL domains. Mean ± standard deviation of the CEDL domains ‘frequency of participation’, ‘enjoyment of participation’ and ‘self‐care’ were 58.8 ± 14.5, 3.9 ± 0.9 and 49.7 ± 23.5, respectively for children with CP and 62.3 ± 9.1, 4.4 ± 0.9 and 74.2 ± 15 for children with TD. Internal consistency of all domains was high; Cronbach alpha for ‘frequency of participation’ was 0.83, for ‘enjoyment of participation’ was 0.76 and for ‘self‐care’ was 0.92. Test–retest reliability (ICC) was excellent for the ‘self‐care’ (0.95) and good for ‘frequency of participation’ and ‘enjoyment of participation’ domains (0.90 and 0.88, respectively) while Bland–Altman analysis revealed no systematic differences or bias between the two measurements. SEM was 0.8, 0.05 and 1.6 for frequency of participation, enjoyment and self‐care with SDC of 2.4, 0.16 and 4.5, respectively. No relevant floor and ceiling effects were observed.ConclusionThe Greek CEDL has good reliability, validity and interpretability. It can be used to evaluate participation in Greek young children with CP. Future studies should investigate the validity of this tool in longer periods and its responsiveness to intervention.
Why adolescents conform to high‐status peers: Associations among conformity, identity alignment, and self‐esteem
Authors: Field Nathan H. , Choukas‐Bradley Sophia , Giletta Matteo , Telzer Eva H. , Cohen Geoffrey L. , Prinstein Mitchell J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study examined whether conformity to high‐ but not low‐status e‐confederates was associated with increases in identification with popular peers and subsequent increases in self‐esteem. A sample of 250 adolescents (55.1% male; Mage = 12.70 years; 40.3% White, 28.2% Black, 23.4% Hispanic/Latino, and 7.7% multiracial/other) participated in a well‐established experimental chat room paradigm where they were exposed to norms communicated by high‐ and low‐status e‐confederates. Results revealed that for boys in the high‐status condition only, but not girls, the positive relation between conformity and self‐esteem was mediated by greater response alignment with popular peers. These findings bolster prior research by suggesting that conformity to popular peers may be partly motivated by drives for self‐esteem and alignment with a valued reference group.
A smartphone app effectively facilitates mothers' mind‐mindedness: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Larkin Fionnuala , Oostenbroek Janine , Lee Yujin , Hayward Emily , Fernandez Amy , Wang Ying , Mitchell Alex , Li Lydia Y. , Meins Elizabeth 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe efficacy of a smartphone app intervention (BabyMind©) in facilitating mind‐mindedness was investigated in a randomized controlled trial, assigning mothers and their 6‐month‐olds (N = 152; 72 girls, 146 White) to intervention or active control conditions. Mothers who had received the BabyMind© app intervention scored higher for appropriate (d = .61, 95% CI .28, .94) and lower for non‐attuned (d = −.55, 95% CI −.92, −.18) mind‐related comments at follow‐up (age 12 months), compared with their control group counterparts. Adjusting for missing data did not alter this pattern of findings. Mothers' baseline parental reflective functioning did not moderate these relations. Results are discussed in terms of the benefits of early intervention and exploring the efficacy of the app in more diverse populations.
Histological and histomorphometric analysis of bone tissue using customized titanium meshes with or without resorbable membranes: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Cucchi Alessandro , Bettini Sofia , Fiorino Antonino , Maglio Melania , Marchiori Gregorio , Corinaldesi Giuseppe , Sartori Maria 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo date, no clinical studies have investigated the effect of using resorbable collagen membrane in conjunction with customized titanium mesh to promote bone formation in guided bone regeneration. Therefore, a non‐inferiority analysis (one‐sided 95% CI approach) was designed to compare the augmented bone gained using meshes with and without collagen membranes, through histological and histomorphometric investigations.Materials and MethodsThirty patients undergoing bone augmentation procedures at both maxillary and mandible sites were randomly treated with customized titanium meshes alone (M−, n = 15) or covered with resorbable membrane (M+, n = 15), in both cases filled with autogenous bone and xenograft. After 6 months of healing, bone tissue biopsies were taken from the augmented region. The bone tissue (B.Ar), grafting material (G.Ar), and non‐mineralized tissue (NMT.Ar) areas were quantified through histomorphometric analysis, as were the osteoid area (O.Ar) and its width.ResultsCollagen membrane did not appear to significantly influence the investigated parameters: B.Ar, G.Ar, NMT.Ar, and O.Ar were similar between Group M− (34.3%, 11.5%, 54.1%, 1.95 μm2, respectively) and Group M+ (35.3%, 14.6%, 50.2%, and 1.75 μm2, respectively). Considering the overall population, significantly higher rates of newly formed bone were obtained in mandibular sites, while non‐mineralized and dense connective tissue rates were higher in the maxilla (p < .05).ConclusionsThe application of collagen membrane over titanium mesh did not lead to significant results. Bone formation appeared significantly different in the maxilla compared with the mandible. Additional studies are required to further investigate the issues observed.
Utility of preoperative troponin I to predict mortality in adult liver transplant recipients: Revisiting pretransplant cardiac risk in the current MELD‐allocation era
Authors: Wray Christopher L. , Xia Victor W. , Ershoff Brent D. , Fields Sherri , Scovotti Jennifer C. , Grogan Tristan , Honda Henry M. , Kaldas Fady M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundPreoperative risk assessment in liver transplant (LT) candidates, particularly related to cardiac risk, is an area of intense interest for transplant clinicians. Various cardiac testing methods are employed by transplant centers to characterize cardiac risk. Serum troponin is an established method for the detection of myocardial injury in a wide variety of clinical settings. Preoperative troponin screening has been reported to predict postoperative cardiac events and mortality in various surgical patient populations, however, the utility of preoperative troponin to predict posttransplant outcomes in current LT candidate populations requires further investigation.MethodsWe performed a prospective blinded study in a cohort of 275 consecutive LT recipients at a single transplant center to determine if preoperative serum troponin I (TnI) was predictive for postoperative 1‐year mortality.ResultsAbnormal preoperative TnI levels (>.1 ng/mL) were found in 38 patients (14%). One‐year mortality occurred in 19 patients (7%). There was no significant difference in mortality between patients with normal and abnormal troponin levels. Additionally, we found that there was no significant difference in early postoperative major adverse cardiac events between patient groups.ConclusionsContrary to previous reports, elevated preoperative TnI was not significantly predictive of posttransplant mortality in LT recipients at our institution.