bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of The Body Composition and Oxidation Indices in Some of Salmon Products Imported to Iraq
Authors: Karim N Y , AlKhshali M S 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The research aimed to study some oxidation evidences and analyze the body components of salmon fish products imported to Iraq, namely: cubes, fingers, whole fish without head and tail, rings, and fillets to determine their suitability for human consumption. The products were obtained from the King of Fish and Meat company (K.F. M.), the exclusive agent in Iraq, and all products were within one meal and date, and the validity of each product was from 5/10/2021 to 4/7/2022, and the results were as follows: significant differences were recorded in the percentages of moisture, protein, fat and ash, the salmon fish products mentioned above contained a moisture percentage of T1 cubes 71.24, T2 fingers 70.72, T3 whole fish without head and tail 69.25, T4 rings 65.12 and T5 fillets 65.08% respectively, and the percentage of protein for salmon fish products were 20.05, 22.38, 22.46, 18.95 and 18.30% respectively, while the percentage of fat was 9.25, 9.73, 12.42, 13.60 and 11.28% respectively, and the percentages of ash were 1.13, 1.34, 1.29, 1.55 and 1.09% and the percentages were all within the permissible limits. The results of the oxidation indicators showed that no significant differences (0.05 <p) were recorded for the test of thiobarbituric acid (TBA), while the values of the peroxide value (PV) were within the recommended limits.
Effect of Adding Different Levels of Vitamin D3 to Diet and its Relationship to Qualitative Traits and Hatchability for Japanese Quail
Authors: Dawod M S , Al-Bayar M A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A study was conducted to understand the effect of adding different levels of vitamin D to the diet of Japanese quail and its relation to qualitative traits and hatchability. The duration of the experiment was 8 weeks. 240 birds (180 females + 60 males) were used on the basis of homogenization, at the age of (45) days, from Japanese quail; The birds were randomly distributed into 4 treatments, each containing 3 replicates, 15 females and 5 males for each replicate, as the birds were raised in floor cages inside the hall. The experimental treatments were distributed as follows: T1: Males and Females feed in diet free from additives D3 control diet) T2: Adding D3 by 50 mg kg - feed from D3 T3: Adding D3 by 100 mg kg -1 m -1 feed from D3 T4: Adding D3 by 150 mg kg feed from D3. The results showed a significant improvement (P ≤ 0.05) in some qualitative characteristics of the egg during the first and second period and the average of the two periods for the treatments compared with the control treatment from the experiment. While the results showed that there were no significant differences in the characteristics of fertility and hatching for each of the first and second hatching, and the rate of hatching for the two treatments compared with the treatment control of the experiment.
Effect of Selenomethionine or Yeast Enriched with Selenium in Antioxidants and some Blood Characteristics of Iraqi Ewes
Authors: Alwardy I A , Mohammed T R , Abdullah A N 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In the animal farm affiliated with the college of Agriculture/ University of Anbar / Ramadi/ Iraq, this study was conducted to examine the Selenomethionine or yeast enriched with Selenium on antioxidant and some blood characteristics in Iraqi ewes. The study started on the twenty-sixth of July /2022 until the twenty-seventh of January / 2023. Eighteen ewes with an average of age 2 - 3 years and 43 ± 2.5 kg of average body weight (bw) had used. This animal had divided randomly in to three equal groups (each group had six ewes). All ewes had fed on the same ration. Group (1) had considered as a control group and left without treatment, group (2) had treated with Selenomethionine with a dose (0.03 g/kg/bw), while group (3) had treated with yeast enriched with Selenium (Saccharomyces cerevisiae- Selenium) with a dose (0.03 g/kg/bw), agreeing to NRC (1980). The animals had treated for 45 days by dissolving the samples in 30 ml of distilled water and given orally. The samples of blood had collected from the jugular vein during first day (first period), 14th day (second period), 19th day (third period) and 45th day (fourth period) for determine changing in the levels of enzymes.
The Effect of Different Levels of Copper Nano Copper with or without Vitamin E and Vitamin C on some Haematological and Immunological Characteristics of Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio L.
Authors: Hamid H M , Mutar H A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted to find out the effect of different levels of copper and copper nanoparticles with or without vitamin E and vitamin C on some physiological Hb, RBC and immunological Lymphocyte characteristics of common carp fish (Cyprinus carpio L), and to determine the effect of high and low concentrations of (Hb, RBC, PVC, WBCs) and lymphocytes, total protein, albumin) in experimental fish. 182 fish were distributed to (26) Aquirum, at a rate of 7 fish / Aquirum, at (3%) feeding rate of the body weight were divided into three meals, Results of biochemical assay showed that increased (P≤0.001). As for the biochemical examinations of blood serum, the fourth and tenth treatments (34.27±0.391<35.39±0.794) were significantly superior to the rest of the control treatments, and both the fifth and (eleventh) treatments decreased significantly (P≤0.001) in total protein. it was significantly superior (P≤0.001). Each of the fourth treatment and each of the treatment (fifth, sixth, eleventh) decreased significantly from the control and the rest of the treatments. Blood components show decreased in the fifth treatment (significantly) (P≤0.001) than control and the rest of the treatments in RBC. As for Hb, the tenth treatment (8.90±0.273) was significantly superior than the control treatment. As for the hematocrit (PVC), the (ninth) treatment 28.800 ± 0.285) excelled, and both the (sixth and eleventh) treatments decreased significantly (P≤0.001). For the control transaction and the rest of the transactions.
Constraints Affecting the Welfare of Domestic Sheep Grazing in the Natural Pasture
Authors: Elkhateeb S Z , Ebraheem M O , Abdulateef S M , Ahmed I A 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe sheep like other animals need more and more welfare to produce meat of good quality, Sheep welfare problems primarily arise from mutilations, lameness, transportation, and disease. With proper grazing, breeding, and husbandry practices, most health issues in sheep can be resolved or avoided. Grazing involves seeking and choosing feed as well as grabbing and consuming it. The manner in which ruminants or grazing animals grip and consume forages varies. These variations are connected to the sorts of fodder that various ruminants prefer. Heat stress, cold stress, weariness, prolonged thirst, prolonged hunger, hampered movement, movement restrictions, resting issues, social stress, pain, fear, and distress are the welfare types that sheep may encounter during caged, all issues due to shortage of welfare, this results in sheep inside the body that acts as a substance that cannot be used in the metabolic processes and is difficult to get rid of the animal is able to get rid of these substances accumulated inside the body that are difficult to get rid of the presence of natural toxins can be produced through the accumulation of some chemical substances and elements that the animal gets from the food. They come as residues from deteriorated cells or some vital processes in the body.
The Effect of the Storage Period of Hatching Eggs on the Date and Specifications of Hatching and Hatching Chicks for Broilers
Authors: Hilal A N , Musleh A F 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This locality included the division of eggs into four Factors by 120 eggs for each treatment as follows: The first treatment T1 120 eggs stored for one day. Second treatment T2 120 eggs stored for four days Third treatment T3 120 eggs stored for seven days The fourth treatment T4 120 eggs stored for the eggs of broiler breeder (Ross 308) were obtained from the mothers’ fields of the Rason Poultry Grandfather Company Ltd. / the project of the mothers of Ari - Qushtaba Erbil, located in Erbil governorate near the area of Qushtaba and the age of (42 and 43) weeks. The hatchable eggs were sorted after isolating large, small, dirty and deformed eggs, and the average weight of the eggs for all Factors was 63.6 The eggs were then transferred to the place designated for storing the eggs belonging to the same producing company and the degree of Storage temperature 15-16 ° C and relative humidity 55-60 ° C. The results indicated that the fourth Factor (T4) stored ten days significantly in the TUNA MEASUREMENTS (The rest of the Factors at a significant level (P≤0.05), while no significant effect was recorded for the rest of the Factors at the level of significance (P≥0.05) in all remaining storage factors on a row, while no significant differences appeared for the length of the chicks between all the coefficients.
Detection of Foreign Fat in Some Imported and Local Yogurt in Sulaymaniyah Governorate
Authors: Mahmood A H , Mahmood K T 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The adulteration of milk fat in dairy products with less expensive non-milk-based fats, vegetable oils and animal fats are a common occurrence in the dairy industry. In this study, some imported and local yogurt which is consumed widely in Sulaymaniyah Governorate was investigated for detecting foreign fat. Fat percent in all brands were less than recorded on their labels, among Iranian brands, Manizan has the lowest fat content, the same result was obtained for local brand (Halla). The Reichert Meissl (RM) number was varying among the imported and local brands, and it was 12.32 and 3.85 for Mersin and Pegah brands, respectively. The fatty acid (FA) composition of milk fat in yogurt samples was studied using GC-MS, and it was showed many differences in fatty acid profiles of yoghurt samples, the highest level of butyric acid (C4:0) appears in Jwanro brand, it is nearly absent in Halla brand. The amount of mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in all unbranded samples yogurt are higher than that appear in the milk fat.
Fortification of Yogurt with Ginkgo Biloba Extract and Study its Sensory Properties
Authors: Abdulqahar N O , Alhadithi H J M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The aim of the recent study was to determine the impact of ginkgo leaf extract on certain yogurt qualities as color, taste, flavor and consistency in order to elongate the keeping period of yogurt. Yogurt was made according to the followed methods, a quantity of milk was received from a cow breeder in the Ramadi area, the milk was filtered and heated at a temperature of 85 °C for 5 minutes, then the sample was divided into 4 equal parts, the first model was a control treatment, the second was added to it Ginkgo plant extract at a concentration of 20%, the third was added to the same extract at a concentration of 30%, and for the fourth, the extract was added at a concentration of 40%. The effect of ginkgo extract on whey exudation from yogurt at concentrations of 20, 30, 40%, where we notice significant differences in the amount of whey exuded from yogurt at each concentration. It was noted that the lowest amount of exuded whey from yoghurt was at a concentration of 40%, where the amount was 6.4 ml, followed by a concentration of 30%, where the amount of exuded whey was 11.8 ml, and 40% of the ginkgo extract gave the best and least amount compared to the control in which the amount of exuded whey amounted to 38 ml, which confirms the role of the extract in reducing the permeability of yogurt in order to reduce the lost whey.
Studying the Effectiveness of Bromelain Enzyme Extracted from Pineapple Against Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Cancer Cells
Authors: Mohamad S A , Sedrah Z T 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The experiment was carried out in the laboratories of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Bromelain enzyme was extracted from pineapple fruit crown and pineapple peel. An extraction solution was used with different mixing ratios from 1:1 to 5:1. The mixing ratio of 2:1 was the best extraction ratio, as it reached the highest enzymatic activity among the other mixing ratios, which was 33 units. The enzymatic activity of the crown extract was higher than the enzymatic activity of the peel extract, reaching 9.8 units/ml and 1.1 units/ml, respectively, the enzyme was precipitated using ammonium sulfate at a concentration of 30 % - 90 %. This concentration 60% is (total activity 77 units) The enzyme’s anti- inflammatory activity was tested. The enzyme’s anti-cancer activity was tested after selecting two single breast tissue-derived human cancer cell lines, MDA-MD 231 and MCF-7
Detection of Over Expression of Adeb and Acrb –Tolc Efflux Systems Confers Ceftriaxone Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Acinetobacter Bumannii and Klebsiella Pneumoniae
Authors: Al-Fahdawi S S , Khudhair N , Lyassin H A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Ceftriaxone’s widespread utilisation in treating infections brought on by bacteria with multidrug resistance (MDR) has led to an increase in clinical resistance to the antibiotic in recent years. This research seeks to extract and characterise K. pneumoniae and A. baumannii bacteria, as well as examine the expression of Acr-B and Ade-B resistance genes for anti-Ceftriaxone resistance. Due to the collection of 170 human clinical samples from a diversity of sources. After being cultured, inspected microscopically, subjected to biochemical analysis, and put through the Vitec device, the bacteria revealed that 35 of the isolates were K. pneumoniae and 16 were A. baumannii. The MIC of ceftriaxone was then measured using the nutrient broth technique, and efflux pump gene expression was analysed using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Gene expression results for the Acr-B and Ade-B genes indicated that there was a change in the levels of expression of these genes after ceftrazone treatment of the bacterial isolates; the value of gene expression for the AcrB-Ab gene was 0.8 relative to the control gene, the amount of gene expression for the AcrB-gene Kp was (0.02), and the gene expression of the Ade-B-Kp gene was (10.33), i.e., an increase of (9. No gene expression was identified for the AdeB-Ab gene (the value was 0).
Utilization of Lupine, Corn, Quinoa and Banana Flours to Produce Nutritious Cake for Celiac Disease Patients
Authors: Essa A H , Alkobaese S K H , Kazem R H , Qasim M A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to produce a nutritious gluten-free cake in which lupine and corn flours were used as the main substitutes for traditional wheat flour. Chemical analyzes were conducting to the four types of flour as a comparison with standard of wheat flour. Rates of carbohydrates to corn flour, lupine flour, banana flour and quinoa flour consecutively (72.20, 34.76, 90.00, 64.16%) comparison with standers were (74.90%). while rates of protein to corn flour, lupine flour, banana flour and quinoa flour were (6.90, 32.00, 2.60,15.00%) but wheat flour was (10.30%) . Also significant were the variation rates of corn flour, lupine flour, banana flour and quinoa flour for lipids whereas were (3.50, 6.03, 0.82, 7.00%) for the stander, it was (1.60%). The sensory evaluation obtained by the consumer indicated that the control cake significantly received the highest score in overall impression, overall flavor, overall texture, puffiness, color and aftertaste. Although, treatments 5 significantly received the highest score in overall impression, flavor and aftertaste in comparison with other gluten free treatments, that represented that treatment 5 was the best of all gluten-free cakes.
Correlation of Tree Health Productivity Indicators with Tree Carbon Stock Estimation (Case Study of Lampung Mangrove Center)
Authors: Nizam Syahiib A. , Safe’i Rahmat , Wulandari Christine 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Currently, the Lampung Mangrove Center (LMC) forest is experiencing a decline in tree health productivity. This condition is caused by human activities and seawater abrasion, which has an impact on increasing greenhouse gases (GHG) and estimating carbon stocks. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between tree health productivity and tree carbon stock estimation. The stages of the research carried out were: data collection on tree health productivity using the Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) technique; calculation of tree carbon stock estimation using the Allometric formula based on tree species; and correlation analysis using the Rank-Spearman method. Based on the results of the study, the value of productivity based on volume and the estimated value of carbon stock for Avicennia sp. of 0.38 m3 and 136.14 tons, and Rhizophora sp. of 0.21 m3 and 37.18 tons The correlation coefficient values obtained are: 0.704 (Avicennia sp.) and 0.843 (Rhizophora sp.). Thus, there is a strong and positive correlation between tree health productivity and tree carbon estimates. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to aspects of tree protection to maintain the function of mangroves as CO2 absorbers.
Carbon Storage of Mangrove Forests in Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Gandaseca Seca , Ariyanto Chandra Iman , Rahmawaty  , Mohamad Pazi Ahmad Mustapha 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) gases into the atmosphere is caused by human activities such as manufacturing, vehicle smoke, open burning, and clearing areas of agriculture or development activities. This is a major contributor to global climate change. Mangrove forest is one of the potential areas for carbon storage. For many years, the number of Mangrove forests in Malaysia has been decreasing due to some anthropogenic activity and the exploitation of them for economic gain. This study aims to compare and measure the carbon storage of two different types of mangroves in Malaysia, namely the WSSM and AALL mangroves. The soil samples were randomly collected using peat augers at depths between 0 and 30 cm, and 40 samples were analyzed with a CHNS analyzer. The total carbon content of the soil samples was found to be 12.11% for WSSM and 2.64% for AALL. The significant results and the total soil carbon of humic acid observed at both study sites as well as the seasonal variation led to the conclusion that the soil of mangrove has carbon sequestration potential. As a wildlife sanctuary, Sibuti Mangrove Forest has higher carbon sequestration due to less anthropogenic activity than AALL Mangrove Forest. The conclusion is that the soil of WSSM Mangrove Forest is better in terms of location effect than the soil of AALL. During seasonal sampling comparison, higher soil total carbon content was observed.
Estimation of carbon stock at the mangrove forest of Sangkulirang District, East Kutai Regency, East Kalimantan Province
Authors: Andari Luvi , Komara Liris Lis , Kurniawan Nur Patria 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Mangrove forests provide environmental, economic, and social benefits such as fish breeding, lumber production, water purification, recreation, education, and carbon sequestration. Mangroves are important organic carbon sinks, and there is a lot of interest in using them to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Future climate change and deforestation would have a negative impact on organic carbon storage potential, hence worldwide estimates of future change remain a major research subject. The carbon stock varies by location. The purpose of this study was to estimate the carbon stock of mangroves in Sangkulirang District, East Kutai, East Borneo. Mangrove sediment organic carbon, above-ground biomass, under-ground biomass, and necromass were the parameters studied. Carbon stock was conducted by surveying the mangrove species, diameter, and height on a plot of 20x20m for tree, 10x10m for pole, 5x5 m for sapling, and 2x2 m for seedling. The biomass and carbon stock estimation using an allometric equation. Necromass carbon was conducted by taking a necromas in 1x1m plot and weight them for wet and dry weight. The mangrove carbon estimation method of Indonesian National Standard SNI_7724-2011 was applied in this study. According to the research, the total average carbon in mangroves in Sangkulirang District is 1386,87 Mg C ha-1.
Hunting Techniques, Production Potential and Wild Bee Host Trees Apis dorsata binghami
Authors: Budiaman  , Sadapotto Andi , Gautama Iswara , Muchtar Andi Asikin , Noraeini  
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The wild bees Apis dorsata binghami is a type of bee endemic to Sulawesi which is often hunted and harvested by the community in Boto Lempangan Village, West Sinjai District, Sinjai Regency, which has the potential to produce 50-60 kilograms of honey. The purpose of this study was to analyze the techniques of hunting and harvesting forest honey and the types of host trees (bee trees). This research was conducted using the method of observation, interviews and discussions with respondents related to the research, the research respondents were 20 people who were determined by census. The results showed that the community divided their time between hunting and harvesting forest honey, hunting was carried out for several days until they stayed in the forest for 2-3 days with the stages of hunting techniques: surveying, climbing, expelling bees with smoke, harvesting, sorting and packaging. Equipment used when hunting are plastic sheeting, flashlights, machetes, cooking utensils and food ingredients. The peak season for hunting and harvesting is in September – December. Honey production during the peak season reaches 50 kg per harvest, hunter skills also affect yields. Bee hunters have an average of 6-8 years of hunting experience. The preferred types of host trees (bee trees) for nesting by Apis dorsata binghamii are Kanunang (Cordia myxa), mango (Mangifera indica), Lita-lita (Alstonio scholaris), Tusam (Pinus merkusi), Paliasa (Kleinhovia hospita), and nutmeg (Myristica fragrans).