bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiobjective optimal FLC driven hybrid mass damper system for torsionally coupled, seismically excited structures
Authors: Ahlawat A. S. , Ramaswamy A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn most of the research work on structural vibration control only two‐dimensional plane structural modelling has been considered, although only a few practical building structures can be modelled as planar structures. Therefore, these methods are not directly applicable to the majority of the practical building structures. This paper discusses the design of a multiobjective optimal fuzzy logic controller (FLC) driven hybrid mass damper (HMD) system for seismically excited torsionally coupled building structures. Floor acceleration and velocity information have been used as feedback to the fuzzy logic controller. A three branch tournament Genetic Algorithm has been used for the multiobjective optimal design of the FLC driven HMD system, where the minimization of the non‐dimensionalized peak displacement, acceleration and rotation of the structure about its vertical axis, have been as the three objective functions. The proposed multiobjective optimal fuzzy logic controller has been verified for an example problem reported in the literature. This HMD system consists of four HMDs arranged in such a way that the system can control the torsional mode of vibration effectively in addition to the flexure modes of vibration. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interfacial suction effects of a porous layer on filmwise condensation heat transfer enhancement
Authors: Ma Xue‐Hu , Chen Jia‐Bin , Wang Bu‐Xuan 
Published: October 2002

AbstractConsidering the liquid transverse suction effect at the porous layer interface, a mathematical model was presented to investigate the influence of the porous layer characteristic parameters on condensation heat transfer. The results revealed that the enhancement ratio increased with the increase of the porous layer thickness and permeability. The effective thermal conductivity of the porous layer was, however, of little significance for condensation heat transfer enhancement. Also, the enhancement mechanism was analyzed by comparing the thermal resistances within the external condensate film and the porous layer. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 31(7): 568–577, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.10058
Carotid body and glomus cells distributed in the wall of the common carotid artery in the bird
Authors: Kameda Yoko 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn the bird the carotid body is located between the distal (nodose) ganglion of the vagus nerve and the recurrent laryngeal nerve at the beginning of the common carotid artery, that is, the organ is located at the cervicothoracic border. The chicken carotid body receives numerous branches from the vagus and the recurrent laryngeal nerves. In addition, dense networks of the peptidergic nerve fibers immunoreactive for substance P, calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), galanin, and neuropeptide Y (NPY) are distributed in and around the carotid body parenchyma. The substance P‐ and CGRP‐immunoreactive fibers are derived from both the superior and inferior ganglia of the vagus nerve. The VIP‐, galanin‐, and NPY‐immunoreactive fibers originate from the 14th cervical ganglion of the sympathetic trunk. The endocrine organs including the thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, carotid body, and ultimobranchial gland are situated as a continuous series along the common carotid artery. The organs are supplied with arteries arising as one trunk from the common carotid artery. Glomus cells are widely distributed not only in the carotid body but also in the wall of the common carotid artery and around the common trunk and its branches. The glomus cells of the chicken carotid body exhibit intense immunoreactivity for serotonin, tyrosine hydroxylase, and chromogranin A. The cells located in the wall of the common carotid artery further express NPY mRNA and peptide. In the chickens exposed to isocapnic hypoxia for 35 days, 3–4‐fold increase of the carotid body volume is induced and the carotid body glomus cells show enhanced synthetic and secretory activities. On the other hand, the cells in the wall of the common carotid artery display little changes after the long‐term hypoxia, having different functions from the carotid body. The carotid body rudiment is formed in the lateral wall of the third branchial artery. The neural cells immunoreactive for TuJ1, PGP 9.5, and HNK‐1, which are continuous with the inferior vagal (nodose) ganglion, first surround and then invade both the carotid body rudiment and the other portions of the third branchial artery, becoming glomus cells. Microsc. Res. Tech. 59:196–206, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Formation and decay of the ABTS derived radical cation: A comparison of different preparation procedures
Authors: Henriquez Carola , Aliaga Carolina , Lissi Eduardo 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBleaching of a preformed solution of the blue‐green radical cation 2,2′‐azinobis (3‐ethylbenzothizoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS+·) has been extensively used to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of complex mixtures and individual compounds. The reaction of the preformed radical with free‐radical scavengers can be easily monitored by following the decay of the sample absorbance at 734 nm. The ABTS radical cation can be prepared employing different oxidants. Results obtained using MnO2 as oxidant show that the presence of manganese ions increases the rate of [ABTS]+· autobleaching in a concentration‐dependent manner. The radicals can also be obtained by oxidizing ABTS with 2,2′‐azobis(2‐amidinopropane)hydrochloride (AAPH) or peroxodisulfate (PDS). The oxidation by AAPH takes place with a large activation energy and a low reaction order in ABTS. The data support a mechanism in which the homolysis of AAPH is the rate‐limiting step, followed by the reaction of ABTS with the peroxyl radicals produced after the azocompound thermolysis. On the other hand, the low activation energy measured employing PDS, as well as the kinetic law, are compatible with the occurrence of a bimolecular reaction between the oxidant and ABTS. Regarding the use of ABTS‐based methodologies for the evaluation of free radical scavengers, radical cations obtained employing AAPH as oxidant can be used only at low temperatures, conditions where further decomposition of the remaining AAPH is minimized. The best results are obtained with ABTS derived radicals generated in the reaction of PDS with an ABTS/PDS concentration ratio equal (or higher) to two. However, even with radicals prepared by this procedure, stoichiometric coefficients considerably larger than two are obtained for the consumption of the radical cation employing tryptophane or p‐terbutylphenol as reductants. This casts doubts on the use of ABTS‐based procedures for the estimation of antioxidant capacities. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 34: 659–665, 2002
Sliding mode control of DC‐to‐DC power converters using integral reconstructors
Authors: Sira‐Ramirez H. , Marquez‐Contreras R. , Fliess M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA sliding mode feedback controller, based on integral reconstructors is developed for the regulation of the ‘boost’ DC‐to‐DC power converter circuit conduction in continuous conduction mode. The feedback control scheme uses only output capacitor voltage measurements, as well as knowledge of the available input signal, represented by the switch positions. The robustness of the feedback scheme is tested with abusively large, unmodelled, sudden load resistance variations. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of alignment on risk of knee osteoarthritis progression according to baseline stage of disease
Authors: Cerejo Rui , Dunlop Dorothy D. , Cahue September , Channin David , Song Jing , Sharma Leena 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveVarus and valgus malalignment increase the risk of medial and lateral osteoarthritis (OA) progression, respectively. The impact of a mechanical factor such as alignment depends not only on the factor itself, but also on the state of the joint. The less‐damaged joint of mild OA may be less vulnerable to malalignment effects than the more‐damaged joint of moderate OA. Our goal was to explore the impact of alignment on subsequent progression of knee OA according to the baseline stage of disease.MethodsTwo hundred thirty patients with knee OA (defined by the presence of osteophytes and symptoms) recruited from the community underwent assessment of both lower limbs at baseline and at an 18‐month followup. Alignment was measured on a full‐limb radiograph as the angle made by the intersection of the femoral and tibial mechanical axes. Compartment‐specific progression was defined as an increase between baseline and 18 months in the grade of severity of joint space narrowing on radiographs of semiflexed knees taken after fluoroscopic confirmation of position. Knees were grouped according to their baseline stage of OA as Kellgren/Lawrence (K/L) grades 0–1, 2, or 3. Progression odds ratios were estimated from logistic regression using generalized estimating equations.ResultsThere were 377 K/L grade 0–3 knees in 230 subjects (173 women and 57 men, mean age 64.0 years, mean body mass index 30.4 kg/m2) in this longitudinal study. In knees with mild OA (K/L grade 2), the odds of 18‐month progression in the medial compartment were significantly increased 4‐fold by varus alignment at baseline. In K/L grade 2 knees, the odds of lateral progression were increased 2‐fold by valgus alignment (approaching significance). In knees with moderate OA (K/L grade 3), the risk of progression was comparably increased by varus or valgus alignment (10‐fold).ConclusionWhile some effect of malalignment was suggested at almost all stages of knee OA examined, the impact of varus or valgus malalignment on the odds of OA progression over the ensuing 18 months was greater in knees with moderate (K/L grade 3) OA at baseline, possibly due to greater joint vulnerability with some contribution from slightly more severe malalignment.
Life‐threatening histoplasmosis complicating immunotherapy with tumor necrosis factor α antagonists infliximab and etanercept
Authors: Lee Jong‐Hoon , Slifman Nancy R. , Gershon Sharon K. , Edwards Evelyne T. , Schwieterman William D. , Siegel Jeffrey N. , Wise Robert P. , Brown S. Lori , Udall John N. , Braun M. Miles 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveTwo tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) antagonists were recently licensed in the US. Infliximab was licensed in 1998 for the treatment of Crohn's disease (CD), and since 1999, it has been licensed in combination with methotrexate for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Etanercept was licensed in 1998 for treatment of RA and, more recently, for juvenile RA and psoriatic arthritis. Because of potential immunosuppression related to use of anti‐TNFα agents, we sought to identify postlicensure cases of opportunistic infection, including histoplasmosis, in patients treated with these products.MethodsThe US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) passive surveillance database for monitoring postlicensure adverse events was reviewed to identify all reports received through July 2001 of histoplasmosis in patients treated with either infliximab or etanercept.ResultsTen cases of Histoplasma capsulatum (HC) infection were reported: 9 associated with infliximab and 1 associated with etanercept. In patients treated with infliximab, manifestations of histoplasmosis occurred within 1 week to 6 months after the first dose and typically included fever, malaise, cough, dyspnea, and interstitial pneumonitis. Of the 10 patients with histoplasmosis, 9 required treatment in an intensive care unit, and 1 died. All patients had received concomitant immunosuppressive medications in addition to infliximab or etanercept, and all resided in HC‐endemic regions.ConclusionPostlicensure surveillance suggests that acute life‐threatening histoplasmosis may complicate immunotherapy with TNFα antagonists, particularly infliximab. Histoplasmosis should be considered early in the evaluation of patients who reside in HC‐endemic areas in whom infectious complications develop during treatment with infliximab or etanercept.
A bent, crossed‐wire antenna with vertical parasitic elements: Formation of a circularly polarized conical beam
Authors: Hirose Kazuhide , Wada Takehisa 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA novel crossed‐wire antenna backed by a ground plane is proposed and analyzed using the method of moments. Two wires are crossed and fed in phase at the crossing point to radiate a conical beam. To make the conical beam circularly polarized, the crossed wires are bent and four vertical parasitic elements (PE) are added. The antenna is characterized by its simple feed and CP radiation at low elevation angles. First, the effects of the PE location on the radiation characteristics are investigated for crossed wires of a half wavelength. When the PE location is appropriately chosen, the antenna radiates a CP conical beam. Next, attention is paid to CP radiation in a wide range of elevation angle. Calculations show that the angle range where the axial ratio is less than 3 dB increases to 65° from 15° for a changed crossed‐wire length. The maximum CP radiation is obtained at an elevation angle of 35°. Finally, the frequency characteristics are studied and the bandwidth for a 3‐dB axial ratio criterion is found to be 8%. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 86(2): 23–30, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10033
TV broadcast harmonic interference cancellation for digital wireless communication
Authors: Inaba Arata , Fujii Takeo , Nakagawa Masao 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSince the fundamental wave of TV broadcasts has very high power, its second harmonic wave also has sufficiently high power to interfere with radio terminal signals close to a broadcast tower. In this paper, we propose an interference canceler for a digital wireless system operated at the same frequency band as that of the harmonic of TV broadcasting wave. The proposed canceler can eliminate such interference by making use of the replica of harmonic wave, which is generated based on the fundamental wave received by another subsystem. Computer simulation has evaluated the performance of the proposed canceler in a receiver with PSK modulation, and it is confirmed that the proposed system is effective in improving the efficiency of frequency use. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 86(2): 14–22, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10038
Remultiplexing scheme for MPEG‐2 multiprogram transport stream transcoder
Authors: Takahashi Takeshi , Hanamura Tsuyoshi , Kasai Hiroyuki , Nagayoshi Isao , Tominaga Hideyoshi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this paper, we propose an output packet remultiplexing scheme for an MPEG‐2 multiprogram transport stream transcoder. The proposed scheme avoids STD buffer failure by dividing the packets into Program Specific Information (PSI), audio, and video and implementing remultiplexing. Specifically, PSI packets are multiplexed at a constant time interval, audio packets are multiplexed at the same times as the input times of the audio TS packets, and video packets are multiplexed so that the outputs of the video TS packets are at equal intervals. Finally, we clearly demonstrate through simulation experiments the ability to prevent STD buffer failure and the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 86(2): 1–13, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10066
Changing trends in incidence of lung cancer by histologic type in Scotland
Authors: Harkness Elaine F. , Brewster David H. , Kerr Keith M. , Fergusson Ron J. , MacFarlane Gary J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractLung cancer is a major public health concern worldwide. Our study aims to examine trends in incidence of lung cancer in Scotland during 1959–97 and by histologic type for 1975–97. In Scotland, lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men and is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in women. Due to poor survival rates, trends in incidence and mortality display similar patterns. Within the United States and many parts of Europe, falls in the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma have occurred whilst the incidence of adenocarcinoma has increased. Data were extracted from the Scottish Cancer Registry. Trends in incidence were examined by standardising rates to the World Standard Population. Age‐specific rates were examined by year of diagnosis and mid year of birth. In Scotland the incidence of lung cancer in men has fallen since the late 1970s, whereas incidence in women has continued to increase. Incidence rates of adenocarcinoma have increased over time but squamous cell carcinoma remains the predominant type of lung cancer in Scotland. The quality of lung cancer registration data has improved over time, although a large proportion of lung cancers (>20%) are not microscopically verified. Changes in histologic types are unlikely to be solely due to diagnostic advances. Rates of adenocarcinoma have increased steadily over time, and this may be due to changes in cigarette design during the 1950s. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
H2O2 induces translocation of APE/Ref‐1 to mitochondria in the Raji B‐cell line
Authors: Frossi Barbara , Tell Gianluca , Spessotto Paola , Colombatti Alfonso , Vitale Gaetano , Pucillo Carlo 
Published: October 2002

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated as by‐products of respiration and are used as signal transducing intermediates in out–in signaling pathways. ROS are also generated during inflammatory responses and it has been shown that hydrogen peroxide may trigger activation of B‐lymphocytes, similar to cross‐linking of surface immunoglobulins. On the other hand, both exogenous and endogenous generated ROS are a major source of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage. The base excision repair (BER) enzyme APE/Ref‐1 normally repairs small nuclear DNA lesion such as oxidized or alkylated bases. It is not clear though whether DNA repair mechanisms able to abolish oxidative damage from nuclear DNA are present into mitochondria too. Here we show by confocal microscopy and Western blot analysis that in the B‐lymphocyte Raji cell line a fraction of APE/Ref‐1 rapidly re‐localizes into mitochondria following H2O2 activation. Targeting of APE/Ref‐1 to mitochondria is not associated with cytochrome‐c loss or apoptosis induction. These findings indicate that the APE/Ref‐1 translocates to mitochondria in response to oxidative stress and thereby it might exert a protective function. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Temperature‐dependent kinetic study for ozonolysis of selected tropospheric alkenes
Authors: Avzianova Elena V. , Ariya Parisa A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractOzonolysis reactions of alkenes are suggested to play major roles in the chemistry of the troposphere. Rate constants for the gas‐phase reactions of O3 with a series of alkenes were determined using relative rate technique based on GC/FID measurements of alkene decays. Experiments were carried out in air over the temperature range of 278–353 K at an atmospheric pressure of 760 Torr. An excess of 1,3,5‐trimethylbenzene was used as a HO radical scavenger in all experiments. Arrhenius parameters were calculated for ozonolysis of 1‐butene, 1‐pentene, 1‐hexene, 1‐heptene, 2‐methyl‐1‐butene, isobutene, trans‐2‐butene, trans‐2‐pentene, cis‐2‐pentene, trans‐2‐hexene, cis‐2‐hexene, 3‐chloropropene, 1,1‐dichloroethene, and isoprene from temperature‐dependent studies of the rate constants. The rate constants obtained in this study are compared with previous literature data. A good linear correlation between the logarithms of the rate constants and calculated HOMO energies of selected alkenes is observed. However, no clear correlation could have been drawn for chlorinated substituted alkenes. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 34: 678–684, 2002
High mobility group box chromosomal protein 1: A novel proinflammatory mediator in synovitis
Authors: Kokkola R. , Sundberg E. , Ulfgren A.‐K. , Palmblad K. , Li J. , Wang H. , Ulloa L. , Yang H. , Yan X.‐J. , Furie R. , Chiorazzi N. , Tracey K. J. , Andersson U. , Harris H. Erlandsson 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveHigh mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 (HMGB‐1) is a ubiquitous chromatin component expressed in nucleated mammalian cells. It has recently and unexpectedly been demonstrated that stimulated live mononuclear phagocytes secrete HMGB‐1, which then acts as a potent factor that causes inflammation and protease activation. Macrophages play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of arthritis. The aim of this study was to determine whether synovial macrophage expression of HMGB‐1 is altered in human and experimental synovitis.MethodsIntraarticular tissue specimens were obtained from healthy Lewis rats, Lewis rats with Mycobacterium tuberculosis–induced adjuvant arthritis, and from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Specimens were immunohistochemically stained for cellular HMGB‐1. Extracellular HMGB‐1 levels were assessed in synovial fluid samples from RA patients by Western blotting.ResultsImmunostaining of specimens from normal rats showed that HMGB‐1 was primarily confined to the nucleus of synoviocytes and chondrocytes, with occasional cytoplasmic staining and no extracellular matrix deposition. In contrast, inflammatory synovial tissue from rats with experimental arthritis as well as from humans with RA showed a distinctly different HMGB‐1 staining pattern. Nuclear HMGB‐1 expression was accompanied by a cytoplasmic staining in many mononuclear cells, with a macrophage‐like appearance and an extracellular matrix deposition. Analysis of synovial fluid samples from RA patients further confirmed the extracellular presence of HMGB‐1; 14 of 15 samples had HMGB‐1 concentrations of 1.8–10.4 μg/ml.ConclusionThe proinflammatory mediator HMGB‐1 was abundantly expressed as a nuclear, cytoplasmic, and extracellular component in synovial tissues from RA patients and from rats with experimental arthritis. These findings suggest a pathogenetic role for HMGB‐1 in synovitis and indicate a new potential therapeutic target molecule.
Video coding using global motion and brightness‐variation compensation with complexity reduction
Authors: Kamikura Kazuto , Watanabe Hiroshi , Kobayashi Naoki , Ichinose Susumu , Yasuda Hiroshi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractGlobal motion compensation and global brightness‐variation compensation are proposed in order to deal with motion or brightness variation over the whole image. It is expected that the coding efficiency will be greatly improved by these techniques. The purpose of this investigation is to reduce the tremendous amount of computation which has especially hindered global brightness‐variation compensation. A simple method is introduced for blockwise motion estimation processing and brightness‐variation parameter estimation processing. A coding scheme is proposed, with the motion estimation procedure shared between global motion compensation and local motion compensation, so that the two functions are realized simultaneously with smaller complexity. In the case of the block size and the range of motion search in the experiment, the number of multiplications is reduced to about 1/400 as many as when the conventional compensation procedures are simply combined. As regards the coding efficiency, we demonstrate improvement integrating the effects obtained when global motion compensation and brightness‐variation compensation are separately applied. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 86(2): 80–93, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley. com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.1156