bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships between texture properties of cooked rice with grain amylose and protein content in high eating quality indica rice
Authors: Li Xing , Zhang Ming , Xiao Zhengwu , Liu Longsheng , Cao Fangbo , Chen Jiana , Huang Min 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveTexture is critical in determining the eating quality of cooked rice and is dependent on physiochemical properties of rice grains. In this study, relationships between texture properties of cooked rice with grain amylose and protein content were evaluated across 25 high eating quality indica rice varieties.FindingsGrain amylose and protein content ranged from 13.2% to 20.0% and from 5.37% to 7.77%, with means of 17.6% and 6.43%, respectively. The ranges of hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, resilience, and chewiness of cooked rice were 425–1074 g, 0.672–0.812, 0.447–0.632, 0.278–0.457, and 130–480 g, with means of 710 g, 0.768, 0.570, 0.394, and 320 g, respectively. Correlation plot analysis and partial correlation analysis showed that all five texture properties of cooked rice were significantly related to grain amylose content, whereas the relationships between each of the five texture properties and grain protein content were not significant or much less significant than the relationships between texture properties and grain amylose content.ConclusionsHigh eating quality indica rice varieties have diverse texture properties when cooked. Selection of texture properties of cooked rice should focus on grain amylose content rather than grain protein content for high eating quality indica rice.Significance and NoveltyThis study identifies the critical physiochemical property determining cooked rice texture in high eating quality indica rice.
Metal‐2D Semiconductor Hybrid Nano‐Structure Catalyst: A New Frontier of Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Zhang Yanji , Zhou Jicheng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCatalytic hydrogenation of nitroarenes is a type of important reaction to get corresponding amines, the development of catalysts with outstanding catalytic performance is in urgent need. In this review, we summarize the breakthroughs in the development of supported metal catalysts in the past few decades, including the use of different metals and supports, improved metal utilization efficiency, adjustment of the structure, and the interaction. We focus on how to develop and innovate the structure of the catalyst, aiming at the contradiction between conversion and selectivity in selective hydrogenation of nitroarenes, from the perspective of the structure and the interaction to construct a kind of catalyst with low noble metal loading and high activity, stabilize the active components, and design and fabricate hybrid nanostructured catalysts with desired activity and selectivity. The development process and the catalytic performance of metal‐2D semiconductor hybrid nano‐structure catalyst are also discussed and provide a theoretical and practical basis for the precise design of supported metal catalysts.
Transition‐metal Substituted Polyoxometalates as Soluble RedOx Mediators in Electrocatalytic Biomass Conversion
Authors: Mürtz Sonja D. , Raabe Jan‐Christian , Poller Maximilian J. , Palkovits Regina , Albert Jakob , Kurig Nils 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPolyoxometalates (POMs) are known for their unique redox properties, making them interesting candidates as redox mediators in electro‐organic transformations. We investigated derivatives of H3[PMo12O40], a classical Keggin‐type POM, as a potential redox mediator in the indirect electrolysis of biobased glyceraldehyde (GLAD), focusing on the effects of double substitution of the Mo framework metal by redox active transition metals (Mo replaced by V, Ni, Co, Mn). By combining electrochemical techniques with HPLC, UV‐Vis spectroscopy, and 31P‐NMR spectroscopy, a comprehensive overview of the reaction pathways, as well as the electronic and structural changes of the POM during the reaction were revealed. This work not only contributes to the fundamental understanding of POMs as redox mediators, but also paves the way for innovative development of sustainable and environmentally friendly electro‐organic transformations.
Adaptive ultra‐hypofractionated whole‐pelvic radiotherapy in high‐risk and very high‐risk prostate cancer on 1.5‐Tesla MR‐Linac: Estimated delivered dose and early toxicity results
Authors: Gao Linrui , Wei Ran , Qin Shirui , Tian Yuan , Xia Wenlong , Song Yongwen , Wang Shulian , Fang Hui , Tang Yu , Jing Hao , Liu Yueping , Tang Yuan , Qi Shunan , Chen Bo , Li Yexiong , Xing Nianzeng , Lu Ningning 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundMagnetic resonance (MR)‐guided ultra‐hypofractionated radiotherapy with whole‐pelvic irradiation (UHF‐WPRT) is a novel approach to radiotherapy for patients with high‐risk (HR) and very high‐risk (VHR) prostate cancer (PCa). However, the inherent complexity of adaptive UHF‐WPRT might inevitably result in longer on‐couch time. We aimed to estimate the delivered dose, study the feasibility and safety of adaptive UHF‐WPRT on a 1.5‐Tesla MR‐Linac.MethodsTen patients with clinical stage T3a‐4N0‐1M0‐1c PCa, who consecutively received UHF‐WPRT, were enrolled prospectively. The contours of the target and organ‐at‐risks on the position verification‐MR (PV‐MR), beam‐on 3D‐MR(Bn‐MR), and post‐MR (after radiotherapy delivery) were derived from the pre‐MR data by deformable image registration. The physician then manually adjusted them, and dose recalculation was performed accordingly. GraphPad Prism 9 (GraphPad Prism Software Inc.) was utilized for conducting statistical analyses.ResultsIn total, we collected 188 MR scans (50 pre‐MR, 50 PV‐MR, 44 Bn‐MR, and 44 post‐MR scans). With median 59 min, the mean prostate clinical target volume (CTV)‐V100% was 98.59% ± 2.74%, and the mean pelvic CTVp‐V100% relative percentages of all scans was 99.60% ± 1.18%. The median V29 Gy change in the rectal wall was −2% (−18% to 20%). With a median follow‐up of 9 months, no patient had acute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) grade 2 or more severe genitourinary (GU) or gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities (0%).ConclusionUHF‐RT to the prostate and the whole pelvis with concomitant boost to positive nodes using an Adapt‐To‐Shape (ATS) workflow was technically feasible for patients with HR and VHR PCa, presenting only mild GU and GI toxicities. The estimated target dose during the beam‐on phase was clinically acceptable based on the 3D‐MR–based dosimetry analysis.Clinical trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2000033382.
Protein‐Templated Ugi Reactions versus In‐Situ Ligation Screening: Two Roads to the Identification of SARS‐CoV‐2 Main Protease Inhibitors
Authors: Wamser Rebekka , Zhang Xinting , Kuropka Benno , Arkona Christoph , Rademann Jörg 
Published: January 2024

AbstractProtein‐templated fragment ligation was established as a method for the rapid identification of high affinity ligands, and multicomponent reactions (MCR) such as the Ugi four‐component reaction (Ugi 4CR) have been efficient in the synthesis of drug candidates. Thus, the combination of both strategies should provide a powerful approach to drug discovery. Here, we investigate protein‐templated Ugi 4CR quantitatively using a fluorescence‐based enzyme assay, HPLC‐QTOF mass spectrometry (MS), and native protein MS with SARS‐CoV‐2 main protease as template. Ugi reactions were analyzed in aqueous buffer at varying pH and fragment concentration. Potent inhibitors of the protease were formed in presence of the protein via Ugi 4CR together with Ugi three‐component reaction (Ugi 3CR) products. Binding of inhibitors to the protease was confirmed by native MS and resulted in the dimerization of the protein target. Formation of Ugi products was, however, more efficient in the non‐templated reaction, apparently due to interactions of the protein with the isocyanide and imine fragments. Consequently, in‐situ ligation screening of Ugi 4CR products was identified as a superior approach to the discovery of SARS‐CoV‐2 protease inhibitors.
Combination of population balance equation and multi‐layer capacitor theory for modelling of an industrial Dual Polarity® electrostatic treater
Authors: Akbarian Kakhki Navid , Shooshtari Mohammad , Karimi Mehdi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn the present study, an analytical model is developed to investigate the dehydration efficiency of a NATCO Dual Polarity® electrostatic treater at steady state conditions using population balance equations (PBE). To investigate the effect of frequency on dehydration performance and electric field strength between electrodes, a detailed electrical model is considered. In the developed electrical model, electrodes are virtualized as simple ideal capacitors, with emulsion acting as dielectric. Proving the model's accuracy, gathered industrial data were compared with simulation results. In addition, current frequency as the main electrical parameter besides power supply electrical potential was proved to be effective on the strength of the applied electric field, the electrical potential profile on electrodes, and the outlet water cut in the treated crude oil. The results indicated that increasing the current frequency from 50 to 500 Hz, by enhancing direct current field strength, reduces the water cut by 0.03%. Although high temperatures and frequencies increase the electrical conductivity of the emulsion, electrical power lost during the disconnection of the power supply on electrodes will be retrieved by increasing frequency. Finally, the performance of different electric fields on crude oil dehydration was compared.
Determinants of active surveillance uptake in a diverse population‐based cohort of men with low‐risk prostate cancer: The Treatment Options in Prostate Cancer Study (TOPCS)
Authors: Xu Jinping , Bock Cathryn H. , Janisse James , Woo Justin , Cher Michael L. , Ginsburg Kevin , Yacoub Rami , Goodman Michael 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundActive surveillance (AS) is the preferred strategy for low‐risk prostate cancer (LRPC); however, limited data on determinants of AS adoption exist, particularly among Black men.MethodsBlack and White newly diagnosed (from January 2014 through June 2017) patients with LRPC ≤75 years of age were identified through metro‐Detroit and Georgia population‐based cancer registries and completed a survey evaluating factors influencing AS uptake.ResultsAmong 1688 study participants, 57% chose AS (51% of Black participants, 61% of White) over definitive treatment. In the unadjusted analysis, patient factors associated with initial AS uptake included older age, White race, and higher education. However, after adjusting for covariates, none of these factors was significant predictors of AS uptake. The strongest determinant of AS uptake was the AS recommendation by a urologist (adjusted prevalence ratio, 6.59, 95% CI, 4.84–8.97). Other factors associated with the decision to undergo AS included a shared patient–physician treatment decision, greater prostate cancer knowledge, and residence in metro‐Detroit compared with Georgia. Conversely, men whose decision was strongly influenced by the desire to achieve “cure” or “live longer” with treatment and those who perceived their LRPC diagnosis as more serious were less likely to choose AS.ConclusionsIn this contemporary sample, the majority of patients with newly diagnosed LRPC chose AS. Although the input from their urologists was highly influential, several patient decisional and psychological factors were independently associated with AS uptake. These data shed new light on potentially modifiable factors that can help further increase AS uptake among patients with LRPC.
Controlled Self‐Assembly of Natural Polyphenols Driven by Multiple Molecular Interactions
Authors: Yin Yun , Zhang Yajing , Xie Qiuping , He Yunxiang , Guo Junling 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNature has exhibited a high degree of control over the structures and functions. Supramolecules have been utilized to mimic the subtle assembly in nature. However, sophisticated synthesis of molecular skeletons or programmable design of the driving forces raises great challenges in fabricating high‐level superstructures in a controlled manner. Natural polyphenols show great promises as building blocks for a diverse of assemblies with controlled structures and functionalities. The intrinsically embedded phenolic groups (i. e., catechol and galloyl groups) are readily forming multiple molecular interactions, including coordination, hydrogen bonding, and π–π interactions with various materials of inorganic particles, organic compounds, synthetic polymers, and biomacromolecules, providing the self‐assembled structures or nanocoating on surfaces. Subsequent assembly occurred by further bonding of polyphenols to construct supraparticles. To gain control over the self‐assembly, the key lies in the interplay among the molecular interactions with one or two being dominant. In this Perspective, we introduce the representative polyphenol‐based assemblies and their derived supraparticles to exhibit the effective harness of the controlled self‐assembly by polyphenols.
Zwitterionic Materials for Enhanced Battery Electrolytes
Authors: Alsaedi Mossab K. , Like Bricker D. , Wieck Karl W. , Panzer Matthew J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractZwitterions (ZIs), which are molecules bearing an equal number of positive and negative charges and typically possessing large dipole moments, can play an important role in improving the characteristics of a wide variety of novel battery electrolytes. Significant Coulombic interactions among ZI charged groups and any mobile ions present can lead to several beneficial phenomena within electrolytes, such as increased salt dissociation, the formation of ordered pathways for ion transport, and enhanced mechanical robustness. In some cases, ZI additives can also boost electrochemical stability at the electrolyte/electrode interface and enable longer battery cycling. Here, a brief summary of selected key historical and recent advances in the use of ZI materials to enrich the performance of three distinct classes of battery electrolytes is presented. These include: ionic liquid‐based, conventional solvent‐based, and solid matrix‐based (non‐ceramic) electrolytes. Exploring a greater chemical diversity of ZI types and electrolyte pairings will likely lead to more discoveries that can empower next‐generation battery designs in the years to come.
This is how they do it: A conflict management model in Oman
Authors: Dauletova Victoria , Al Rawas Saba , Al Rawas Eram , Al Balushi Abeer , Al Mamari Sheikha , Al Busaidi Adil S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOman and its conflict management model are the focus of this paper. This model has crystalized out of the three stand‐alone but complementary systems of conflict resolution which evolved in an ad hoc fashion: the institute of tribal leaders; the reconciliation committees; and the formal judicial system. These systems offer a foundation for the current efforts of the local people to sustain a peaceful co‐existence among the vibrant and ethnically diverse Omani communities known for their turbulent past. The analyzed data obtained from interviews with Omani tribal leaders, reconciliation committee members, and lawyers shed light on both the strengths of the conflict management model and the modern challenges which the model faces. The findings confirm that this model represents a coherent entity run by an integrated constitutional‐tribal order. They also suggest that the model serves as a state mechanism for balancing power between the country's major players—the government and the institute of tribal leaders. The novel contribution of this paper lies in linking the origin and philosophy of each system with the “mediation identity” of Oman's foreign policy.
Multi‐objective spectrum assignment in heterogeneous cognitive radio networks for internet of things
Authors: Farooq Umer , Ul Hasan Najam 
Published: January 2024

SummaryInternet of Things (IoT) applications have massively increased in the last few years. Future‐generation IoTs are going to be massive in number, heterogeneous in nature, and extremely demanding in terms of computation and communication requirements. Therefore, effective techniques are needed to optimize the use of scarce communication resources. This work proposes a novel multi‐objective framework to investigate the channel assignment problem in cognitive radio network (CRN)‐based IoT applications. The multi‐objective optimization framework comprises three objective functions. The first objective aims to maximize the overall system throughput fairness, the second objective aims to maximize the overall system residual energy, and the third objective aims to increase the user satisfaction level by maximizing the overall priority index. The problem of channel assignment is modeled and solved using Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) and ‐constraint technique. This technique generates a set of Pareto efficient solutions, and an optimal solution among these solutions is selected using a fuzzy logic decision mechanism. Moreover, power level selection is incorporated by solving the problem multiple times for different power levels and obtaining a preferred solution for each power level. The simulations are conducted to unveil an interesting trade‐off between the conflicting system design objectives, that is, the overall throughput and the overall residual energy while incorporating the significance of primary user (PU) activity when preforming channel assignment in CRN.
Vitamin B6 and vitamin D deficiency co‐occurrence in geriatric memory patients
Authors: Przybelski Anna G. , Bendlin Barbara B. , Jones Jana E. , Vogt Nicholas M. , Przybelski Robert J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONVitamin B6 and D levels are not assessed routinely in geriatric memory patients. This study examined vitamin levels to determine the potential effects on cognition.METHODSA chart review was conducted of 203 consecutive patients over a 12‐month period. Levels of vitamins B1, B6, B12, and D were obtained on the day of clinic to identify deficiencies. A mental status exam (Mini Mental State Examination [MMSE]) was also performed.RESULTSOne hundred sixty‐seven patients had one or more vitamin levels obtained on the day of clinical evaluation. Vitamin B6 deficiency was the most common (37.5%), followed by vitamin D deficiency (36.8%). A chi‐square test revealed significant co‐occurrence of deficiency of vitamins B6 and D (p < 0.001). Vitamin B6 and D deficiencies were associated with lower MMSE scores (p < 0.05).DISCUSSIONVitamin B6 and D deficiencies are common in geriatric patients. The coexistence of these vitamin deficiencies has a significant association with cognitive performance, indicating the clinical importance of monitoring and supplementation.
Characterization of DNA concentration in urine and dried blood samples to detect the c.577 deletion within the EPO gene
Authors: Leuenberger Nicolas , Jan Nicolas , Kuuranne Tiia , Castella Vincent 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe EPO gene variant, c.577del (VAR‐EPO), was discovered in the Chinese population in 2021. The mutated protein is naturally present in urine from individuals heterozygous for the variant. Electrophoresis methods currently applied in anti‐doping laboratories produce a pattern in samples from individuals carrying VAR‐EPO that cannot be unambiguously distinguished from individuals who received recombinant EPO doses. Consequently, the analysis of blood samples is obligatory to facilitate interpretation of suspicious findings from urine samples. However, this complicates the process and delays the reporting. Objective of this study was to develop EPO c.577del detection in urine and dried blood samples (DBS) in order to facilitate and accelerate EPO results management. Moreover, estimation of the success rate of sequencing regarding concentration of DNA in urine and DBS was evaluated. Conclusive results regarding Sanger sequencing were obtained for all samples with DNA concentrations above 0.024 ng/μL DNA in 80% of urines samples from volunteers. The potential success of DNA sequencing rate in athletes' urines was investigated. A total of 191 urine samples were considered. DNA concentration exceeding 0.024 ng/μL was detected in 85% of the samples. Interestingly, in‐competition samples had a significantly higher DNA concentration than out‐of‐competition male urine samples (0.330 vs. 0.084 ng/μL). Moreover, conclusive EPO sequences were obtained for 100% of DBS (cellulose and polymer matrices). In conclusion, method for detection of EPO gene variant was developed in urine and DBS. Characterization of DNA concentration was performed in order to evaluate the probability of success of sequencing EPO gene in anti‐doping field.
Characterisation of putative novel tick viruses and zoonotic risk prediction
Authors: Lin Yuting , Pascall David J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTick‐associated viruses remain a substantial zoonotic risk worldwide, so knowledge of the diversity of tick viruses has potential health consequences. Despite their importance, large amounts of sequences in public data sets from tick meta‐genomic and ‐transcriptomic projects remain unannotated, sequence data that could contain undocumented viruses. Through data mining and bioinformatic analysis of more than 37,800 public meta‐genomic and ‐transcriptomic data sets, we found 83 unannotated contigs exhibiting high identity with known tick viruses. These putative viral contigs were classified into three RNA viral families (Alphatetraviridae, Orthomyxoviridae and Chuviridae) and one DNA viral family (Asfarviridae). After manual checking of quality and dissimilarity towards other sequences in the data set, these 83 contigs were reduced to five contigs in the Alphatetraviridae from four putative viruses, four in the Orthomyxoviridae from two putative viruses and one in the Chuviridae which clustered with known tick‐associated viruses, forming a separate clade within the viral families. We further attempted to assess which previously known tick viruses likely represent zoonotic risks and thus deserve further investigation. We ranked the human infection potential of 133 known tick‐associated viruses using a genome composition‐based machine learning model. We found five high‐risk tick‐associated viruses (Langat virus, Lonestar tick chuvirus 1, Grotenhout virus, Taggert virus and Johnston Atoll virus) that have not been known to infect human and two viral families (Nairoviridae and Phenuiviridae) that contain a large proportion of potential zoonotic tick‐associated viruses. This adds to the knowledge of tick virus diversity and highlights the importance of surveillance of newly emerging tick‐associated diseases.