bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
General Problems of Helicopter Maintenance
Authors: Leason J. 
Published: October 2023

I would first like to express my thanks to the Society of Licensed Aircraft Engineers for the honour of asking me to read this paper and, at the same time, I would like to congratulate both the Helicopter Association of Great Britain and the S.L.A.E. for combining to promote this particular discussion. To some of us this fulfils a long-felt want; mainly the airing of problems of helicopter maintenance from the stand-point of the Licensed Aircraft Engineer.Since the arrival in this country in 1944 of a production type helicopter, I may say that these problems have been apparent in no small numbers. Before that time, of course, a considerable amount of experience with rotary wing maintenance problems had been gained during the operation of the autogyro in this country, and were were therefore fortunate in having some of this experience behind us at the outset of helicopter operation.
Science and Science‐Enabling Activities of the SHERLOC and WATSON Imaging Systems in Jezero Crater, Mars
Authors: Wogsland B. V. , Minitti M. E. , Kah L. C. , Yingst R. A. , Abbey W. , Bhartia R. , Beegle L. , Bleefeld B. L. , Cardarelli E. L. , Conrad P. G. , Edgett K. , Hickman‐Lewis K. , Hugget J. , Imbeah S. , Kennedy M. R. , Lee C. , Nixon B. E. , Núñez J. I. , Pascuzzo A. , Robinson M. , Sanchez‐Vahamonde C. Rodriguez , Scheller E. , Sharma S. , Siljeström S. , Steadman K. , Winchell K. , Ravine Michael A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDuring its first year of operation, the Perseverance rover explored the cratered and fractured floor of Jezero crater on Mars. Here, we report the use of the Scanning Habitability Environments with Raman and Luminescence for Organics and Chemicals (SHERLOC) imaging system that includes two high‐resolution cameras, the Autofocus and Contextual Imager (ACI) and Wide Angle Topographic Sensor for Operations and eNgineering (WATSON). ACI is a fixed focus gray scale imager with a resolution of 10.1 μm/pixel whereas WATSON is a variable field of view, variable focus imager capable of resolution down to 14 μm/pixel. WATSON is a reflight of the MArs Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI) imager and has similar capabilities. During first‐time activities, WATSON was used to support both science and engineering operations related to sample and abrasion patch assessment and sample collection and caching. WATSON also documented the deployment of the Ingenuity helicopter. The Crater Floor Campaign identified two primary rock units, the Máaz formation and the Séítah formation, which have been interpreted as lava flows and an olivine cumulate, respectively. Interpretation of rock textures with WATSON and ACI images was limited to abraded surfaces because unmodified outcrop surfaces (herein termed “natural surfaces”) show high degrees of dust covering, wind abrasion, and coating by secondary mineral products. WATSON and ACI images support the hypothesis that the material of both the Máaz and Séítah formations consists of largely aqueously altered mafic materials with varying igneous origins.
The Impact of Orbital Precession on Air‐Sea CO2 Exchange in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Persch Cole F. , DiNezio Pedro , Lovenduski Nicole S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOrbital precession has been linked to glacial cycles and the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, yet the direct impact of precession on the carbon cycle is not well understood. We analyze output from an Earth system model configured under different orbital parameters to isolate the impact of precession on air‐sea CO2 flux in the Southern Ocean—a component of the global carbon cycle that is thought to play a key role on past atmospheric CO2 variations. Here, we demonstrate that periods of high precession are coincident with anomalous CO2 outgassing from the Southern Ocean. Under high precession, we find a poleward shift in the southern westerly winds, enhanced Southern Ocean meridional overturning, and an increase in the surface ocean partial pressure of CO2 along the core of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. These results suggest that orbital precession may have played an important role in driving changes in atmospheric CO2.
94 GHz Radar Backscatter Characteristics of Alpine Glacier Ice
Authors: Harcourt W. D. , Robertson D. A. , Macfarlane D. G. , Rea B. R. , Spagnolo M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMeasuring the radar backscatter characteristics of glacier ice at different frequencies and incidence angles is fundamental to predicting the glacier mapping performance of a sensor. However, such measurements at 94 GHz do not exist. To address this knowledge gap, we collected 94 GHz radar backscatter data from the surface of Rhônegletscher in Switzerland using the All‐Weather Volcano Topography Imaging Sensor (AVTIS2) real‐aperture Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave radar. We determine the mean normalized radar cross section to be −9.9 dB. The distribution closely follows a log‐normal distribution with a high goodness of fit (R2 = 0.99) which suggests that radar backscatter is diffuse and driven by surface roughness. Further, we quantified the uncertainty of AVTIS2 3D point clouds to be 1.30–3.72 m, which is smaller than other ground‐based glacier surface mapping radars. These results demonstrate that glacier surfaces are an efficient scattering target at 94 GHz, hence demonstrating the suitability of millimeter‐wave radar for glacier monitoring.
Topographic Heterogeneity and Aspect Moderate Exposure to Climate Change Across an Alpine Tundra Hillslope
Authors: Jay K. R. , Wieder W. R. , Swenson S. C. , Knowles J. F. , Elmendorf S. C. , Holland‐Moritz H. , Suding K. N. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAlpine tundra ecosystems are highly vulnerable to climate warming but are governed by local‐scale abiotic heterogeneity, which makes it difficult to predict tundra responses to environmental change. Although land models are typically implemented at global scales, they can be applied at local scales to address process‐based ecological questions. In this study, we ran ecosystem‐scale Community Land Model (CLM) simulations with a novel hillslope hydrology configuration to represent topographically heterogeneous alpine tundra vegetation across a moisture gradient at Niwot Ridge, Colorado, USA. We used local observations to evaluate our simulations and investigated the role of topography and aspect in mediating patterns of snow, productivity, soil moisture, and soil temperature, as well as the potential exposure to climate change across an alpine tundra hillslope. Overall, our simulations captured observed gradients in abiotic conditions and productivity among heterogeneous, hydrologically connected vegetation communities (moist, wet, and dry). We found that south facing aspects were characterized by reduced snowpack and drier and warmer soils in all communities. When we extended our simulations to the year 2100, we found that earlier snowmelt altered the timing of runoff, with cascading effects on soil moisture, productivity, and growing season length. However, these effects were not distributed equally across the tundra, highlighting potential vulnerabilities of alpine vegetation in dry, wind‐scoured, and south facing areas. Overall, our results demonstrate how land model outputs can be applied to advance process‐based understanding of climate change impacts on ecosystem function.
LAMC2 mitigates ER stress by enhancing ER-mitochondria interaction via binding to MYH9 and MYH10
Authors: Tong Dongdong , Zhou Jun , Zhou Jing , Wang Xiaofei , Gao Beibei , Rui Xiaoyi , Liu Liying , Chen QiaoYi , Huang Chen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHighly proliferative and metastatic tumors are constantly exposed to both intrinsic and extrinsic factors that induce adaptation to stressful conditions. Chronic adaptation to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) ER stress is common to many different types of cancers, and poses a major challenge for acquired drug resistance. Here we report that LAMC2, an extracellular matrix protein upregulated in many types of cancers, is localized in the ER of lung, breast, and liver cancer cells. Under tunicamycin-induced ER stress, protein level of LAMC2 is upregulated. Transfection of cancer cells with LAMC2 resulted in the attenuation of ER stress phenotype, accompanied by elevation in mitochondrial membrane potential as well as reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and apoptosis. In addition, LAMC2 forms protein complexes with MYH9 and MYH10 to promote mitochondrial aggregation and increased ER-mitochondria interaction at the perinuclear region. Moreover, overexpression of LAMC2 counteracts the effects of ER stress and promotes tumor growth in vivo. Taken together, our results revealed that in complex with MYH9 and MYH10, LAMC2 is essential for promoting ER-mitochondria interaction to alleviate ER stress and allow cancer cells to adapt and proliferate under stressful conditions. This study provides new insights and highlights the promising potential of LAMC2 as a therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
Dietary fat quality and serum androgen concentrations in middle-aged men
Authors: Wynne-Ellis Miika M. , Mursu Jaakko J. , Tuomainen Tomi-Pekka , Bertone-Johnson Elizabeth , Salonen Jukka T. , Virtanen Jyrki K. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background/Objectives
Average testosterone concentrations in men have declined over the last few decades. The reasons for this are not fully known, but changes in dietary fat quality have been suggested to have a role. This study aimed to investigate the associations of different dietary fatty acids with serum androgen concentrations.

Subjects/Methods
A total of 2546 men with a mean age of 53 from the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study were included in this cross-sectional study. Associations between dietary saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), polyunsaturated (PUFA) and trans (TFA) fatty acids and concentrations of serum total and free testosterone and steroid hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were analyzed with analysis of covariance and linear regression analysis. Associations of isocaloric replacement of nutrients and androgen concentrations were analyzed with multivariate nutrient-density models.

Results
After adjustment for age, examination year and energy intake, higher SFA intake was associated with higher serum total and free testosterone and SHBG concentrations, and higher PUFA intake with lower concentrations. However, the associations were attenuated and not statistically significant after further adjustments for potential confounders. MUFA and TFA intakes were not associated with androgen concentrations. In isocaloric substitution models, replacing dietary protein with SFA was associated with higher serum total testosterone and SHBG concentrations. After excluding men with history of CVD or diabetes (n = 1021), no statistically significant associations were found.

Conclusions
Dietary fat quality was not independently associated with serum androgen concentrations in middle-aged men. However, replacing protein with SFA may be associated with higher serum androgen concentrations.
Anti-obesity effects of olivetol in adult zebrafish model induced by short-term high-fat diet
Authors: Reshma Andukuri , Tamilanban T. , Chitra V. , Subramaniyan Vetriselvan , Gupta Gaurav , Fuloria Neeraj Kumar , Sekar Mahendran , Fuloria Shivkanya , Sahu Rakesh , Narayanan J. , Chakravarthy Srikumar , Selvaraj Siddharthan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObesity is a complex disease caused by various factors, and synthetic drugs used to treat it can have side effects. Natural compounds, such as olivetol, could be a promising alternative. Olivetol is a substance found in certain lichen species and has anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. In this study, researchers conducted in-silico molecular docking studies and found that olivetol had significant binding affinity with receptors involved in obesity. They also investigated the effects of olivetol on a diet-induced obese zebrafish model and found that high doses of olivetol reduced excessive fat accumulation and triglyceride and lipid accumulation. The low dose of olivetol showed a significant reduction in liver enzymes' levels. However, the high dose of olivetol resulted in a significant increase in HMG-CoA levels. These results suggest that olivetol may be a promising anti-obesity agent for the treatment of hyperlipidemia-related disorders, but further research is necessary to understand its full effects on the body.
Human disturbance is the major driver of vegetation changes in the Caatinga dry forest region
Authors: Araujo Helder F. P. , Canassa Nathália F. , Machado Célia C. C. , Tabarelli Marcelo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDrastic changes in vegetation structure caused by exceeding ecological thresholds have fueled the interest in tropical forest responses to climate and land-use changes. Here, we examine the potential successional trajectories experienced by the largest dry tropical forest region in South America, driven by climate conditions and human disturbance. We built potential distribution models for vertebrate taxa associated with forest or shrub habitats to estimate natural vegetation cover. Distribution patterns were compared to current vegetation across the entire region to identify distinct forest degradation levels. Our results indicate the region has climatic and soil conditions suitable for more forest cover than is currently found, even in some areas with limited precipitation. However, 11.04% of natural cover persists across such an immense region, with only 4.34% consisting of forest cover. Forest degradation is characterized by the dramatic expansion of shrubland (390%), farming, and non-vegetation cover due to changes in land-use, rather than climatic conditions. Although different climate conditions have been the principal drivers for natural forest distribution in the region, the forest seems unable to resist the consequences of land-use changes, particularly in lower precipitation areas. Therefore, land-use change has exceeded the ecological thresholds for the persistence of forests, while climate change may exacerbate vegetation-type transitions.
An in vitro model and the underlying pathways of sinonasal inverted papilloma development
Authors: Nukpook Thawaree , Kiyono Tohru , Ekalaksananan Tipaya , Kasemsiri Pornthep , Teeramatwanich Watchareporn , Vatanasapt Patravoot , Chaiwiriyakul Surachat , Nakahara Tomomi , Pientong Chamsai 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRecently, the specific association between Sinonasal inverted papilloma (SIP) and EGFR exon 20 mutations has been reported. To investigate the link between specific EGFR mutations and SIP development, we established organotypic raft culture system using nasal polyp-derived immortalized NP2 (iNP2) cells expressing EGFR exon 20 mutants or an exon 19 mutant, and SIP-derived iIP4 cells harboring P772_H773insPYNP mutation. In the raft culture, iIP4 cells showed the inverted growth pattern characteristic to SIP. Interestingly, iNP2 cells expressing EGFR exon 20 duplication mutants, S768_D770dup and N771_H773dup, but not of EGFR exon 19 mutant, E746_A750del, showed the inverted growth pattern. Enhanced activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was observed in iNP2_S768_D770dup and iIP4 cells, while increased MAPK signaling was found in iNP2_N771_H773dup. Increased cell migration and invasion were found in all cells carrying EGFR mutations when compared to iNP2 cells, and this effect was inhibited by either PI3K or MEK inhibitor. Notably, iNP2 cells expressing the N771_H773dup mutant showed the highest migration and invasion abilities. These results suggest that specific mutations in EGFR exon 20 play a crucial role in SIP development, partially though hyper-activation of the PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways. This study presents the first in vitro model for SIP development, which could facilitate further investigations into SIP pathogenesis and preclinical studies for new therapeutic agents.
The release of inhibition model reproduces kinetics and plasticity of neurotransmitter release in central synapses
Authors: Norman Christopher A. , Krishnakumar Shyam S. , Timofeeva Yulia , Volynski Kirill E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCalcium-evoked release of neurotransmitters from synaptic vesicles (SVs) is catalysed by SNARE proteins. The predominant view is that, at rest, complete assembly of SNARE complexes is inhibited (‘clamped’) by synaptotagmin and complexin molecules. Calcium binding by synaptotagmins releases this fusion clamp and triggers fast SV exocytosis. However, this model has not been quantitatively tested over physiological timescales. Here we describe an experimentally constrained computational modelling framework to quantitatively assess how the molecular architecture of the fusion clamp affects SV exocytosis. Our results argue that the ‘release-of-inhibition’ model can indeed account for fast calcium-activated SV fusion, and that dual binding of synaptotagmin-1 and synaptotagmin-7 to the same SNARE complex enables synergistic regulation of the kinetics and plasticity of neurotransmitter release. The developed framework provides a powerful and adaptable tool to link the molecular biochemistry of presynaptic proteins to physiological data and efficiently test the plausibility of calcium-activated neurotransmitter release models.
Hydrophobic gating in bundle-crossing ion channels: a case study of TRPV4
Authors: Huang Jian , Chen Jianhan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTransmembrane ion channels frequently regulate ion permeation by forming bundle crossing of the pore-lining helices when deactivated. The resulting physical constriction is believed to serve as the de facto gate that imposes the major free energy barrier to ion permeation. Intriguingly, many ion channels also contain highly hydrophobic inner pores enclosed by bundle crossing, which can undergo spontaneous dewetting and give rise to a “vapor barrier” to block ion flow even in the absence of physical constriction. Using atomistic simulations, we show that hydrophobic gating and bundle-crossing mechanisms co-exist and complement one and another in the human TRPV4 channel. In particular, a single hydrophilic mutation in the lower pore can increase pore hydration and reduce the ion permeation free energy barrier by about half without affecting the bundle crossing. We believe that hydrophobic gating may play a key role in other bundle-crossing ion channels with hydrophobic inner pores.
Wastewater-influenced estuaries are characterized by disproportionately high nitrous oxide emissions but overestimated IPCC emission factor
Authors: Dong Yue , Liu Jia , Cheng Xiang , Fan Fuqiang , Lin Wei , Zhou Chunyang , Wang Shengrui , Xiao Shangbin , Wang Chenghao , Li Yu , Li Changlin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEstuaries play an important role in the global nitrous oxide budget. However, considerable uncertainties exist in estimating their nitrous oxide emissions, largely due to anthropogenic impacts, particularly wastewater discharge. Here we investigate nitrous oxide emission dynamics in the Pearl River Estuary through advanced high-resolution, real-time measurements. Results suggest that Pearl River Estuary is a strong nitrous oxide emission source (1.05 Gg yr−1; range: 0.92–1.23 Gg yr−1) with pronounced spatial heterogeneity. Wastewater discharge substantially impacts emissions by introducing abundant nutrients, altering carbon-to-nitrogen stoichiometry, and stimulating biochemical processes. A meta-analysis further reveals the widespread enhancement of nitrous oxide emission induced by wastewater nitrogen input in global estuaries, with nitrous oxide emission factors considerably lower than that suggested by the IPCC owing to progressive biological saturation. Consequently, refining emission factor estimates through comprehensive bottom-up studies is imperative to improve the understanding of estuarine contributions to the global nitrous oxide budget.
Sex Differences in the Speech of Persons With and Without Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Houle Nichole , Feaster Taylor , Mira Amna , Meeks Kirsten , Stepp Cara E. 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Sex differences are apparent in the prevalence and the clinical presentation of Parkinson's disease (PD), but their effects on speech have been less studied.

Method:
Speech acoustics of persons with (34 females and 34 males) and without (age- and sex-matched) PD were examined, assessing the effects of PD diagnosis and sex on ratings of dysarthria severity and acoustic measures of phonation (fundamental frequency standard deviation, smoothed cepstral peak prominence), speech rate (net syllables per second, percent pause ratio), and articulation (articulatory–acoustic vowel space, release burst precision).

Results:
Most measures were affected by PD (dysarthria severity, fundamental frequency standard deviation) and sex (smoothed cepstral peak prominence, net syllables per second, percent pause ratio, articulatory–acoustic vowel space), but without interactions between them. Release burst precision was differentially affected by sex in PD. Relative to those without PD, persons with PD produced fewer plosives with a single burst: females more frequently produced multiple bursts, whereas males more frequently produced no burst at all.

Conclusions:
Most metrics did not indicate that speech production is differentially affected by sex in PD. Sex was, however, associated with disparate effects on release burst precision in PD, which deserves further study.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24388666
Alterations and Preservations: Practices and Perspectives of Speech-Language Pathologists Regarding the Intervention of Thickened Liquids for Swallowing Problems
Authors: McCurtin Arlene , Byrne Hannah , Collins Lindsey , McInerney Michelle , Lazenby-Paterson Tracy , Leslie Paula , O'Keeffe Shaun , O'Toole Claire , Smith Alison 
Published: October 2023

Purpose:
The intervention of thickened liquids (TL) is commonly used to reduce aspiration in people with dysphagia. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) have traditionally believed it is an effective intervention. Recent articles highlight limited evidence, poor acceptance, and a variety of unintended consequences. This study explores if current debates have been reflected in SLP practices and perspectives.

Method:
An e-survey was developed. Participants were recruited via professional associations in Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to explore the data. Principal component analysis was used to summarize SLP practices and perspectives.

Results:
The 370 respondents represented mainly experienced, confident, hospital-based clinicians. While 20% of respondents frequently recommend TL, 61% believe it to be a burdensome treatment. “Best treatment” and “It works” beliefs continue to underpin decision making. Those who recommend TL most often are most influenced by penetration, coughing, and their own clinical experience. They are more likely to believe TL is evidence based and effective, reduces aspiration, and improves hydration. Person-centeredness is important among all respondents, although significant numbers would implement TL against patient wishes. Improvements in aspiration status and quality of life rank highly as reasons to discontinue TL.

Conclusions:
The results of this study suggest that fewer respondents are regularly using TL. Divergent groups are evident with those frequently employing and believing in the efficacy of TL and those who do not. While current debates are influencing practice, there clearly remains a significant number of SLPs continuing to recommend TL. This study's findings highlight both alterations and preservations in the discipline's approach to TL and calls for SLPs to reframe our thinking regarding this intervention as well as consider alternative options in this treatment space.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24317110