bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intractable diarrhea in an infant—autoimmune enteropathy: A case report
Authors: Tetarbe Shivangi , Shah Kasvi , Shah Ira 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAutoimmune enteropathy is a rare cause of chronic intractable diarrhea and is present in <1 in 100,000 infants. We report the case of a 9‐month‐old boy who presented with intractable diarrhea and vomiting. Genetic panel testing revealed a STAT3 heterozygous mutation in exon 6, suggesting infantile‐onset multisystem autoimmune disease‐1. The patient was initially treated with steroids and sulfasalazine. However, on tapering steroids, he had another episode of diarrhea and was subsequently put on baricitinib to which he responded.
Fabrication and characterization of complex coacervates utilizing gelatin and carboxymethyl starch
Authors: Zhang Yiling , Xie Shumin , Huang Weijuan , Zhan Lei , Huang Yingwei , Chen Pei , Xie Fengwei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundModified polysaccharides have greatly expanded applications in comparison with native polysaccharides due to their improved compatibility and interactions with proteins and active compounds in food‐related areas. Nonetheless, there is a noticeable dearth of research concerning the utilization of carboxymethyl starch (CMS) as a microcapsule wall material in food processing, despite its common use in pharmaceutical delivery. The development of an economical and safe embedding carrier using CMS and gelatin (GE) holds immense importance within the food‐processing industry. In this work, the potential of innovative coacervates formed by the combination of GE and CMS as a reliable, stable, and biodegradable embedding carrier is evaluated by turbidity measurements, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and rheological measurements.ResultsThe results indicate that GE‐CMS coacervates primarily resulted from electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding. The optimal coacervation was observed at pH 4.6 and with a GE/CMS blend ratio of 3:1 (w/w). However, the addition of NaCl reduced coacervation and made it less sensitive to temperature changes (35–55 °C). In comparison with individual GE or CMS, the coacervates exhibited higher thermal stability, as shown by TGA. X‐ray diffraction analysis shows that the GE‐CMS coacervates maintained an amorphous structure. Rheological testing reveals that the GE‐CMS coacervates exhibited shear‐thinning behavior and gel‐like properties.ConclusionOverall, attaining electroneutrality in the mixture boosts the formation of a denser structure and enhances rheological properties, leading to promising applications in food, biomaterials, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical products. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
The surface morphology of Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharide and its inhibitory effect on PCV2 replication
Authors: Qi Changxi , Lv Changyang , Jiang Menglin , Zhao Ximan , Gao Yifan , Wang Ying , Zhang Pu , Liu Jianzhu , Zhao Xiaona 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDPorcine infection with Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) causes immunosuppression, which is easy to cause concurrent or secondary infection, making the disease complicated and difficult to treat, and causing huge economic losses to the pig industry. Total polysaccharide from the rhizoma of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. (PAMK) is outstanding in enhancing non‐specific immunity and cellular immunity, and effectively improving the body's disease resistance, indicating its potential role in antiviral immunotherapy.RESULTSPAMK had the characteristics of compact, polyporous and agglomerated morphology, but does not have triple helix conformation. PCV2 infection led to the increase in LC3‐II, degradation of p62 and the increase of viral Cap protein expression and viral copy number. PAMK treatment significantly alleviated PCV2‐induced autophagy and inhibited PCV2 replication. Moreover, PAMK treatment significantly attenuated the increase of PINK1 protein expression and the decrease of TOMM20 protein expression caused by PCV2 infection, alleviated Parkin recruitment from cytoplasm to mitochondria and intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation, restored mitochondrial membrane charge, alleviated viral Cap protein expression.CONCLUSIONPAMK alleviates PCV2‐induced mitophagy to suppress PCV2 replication by inhibiting the Pink 1/Parkin pathway. These findings may provide new insights into the prevention and treatment of PCV2. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Surgical Outcomes of Modified Technique for Transcutaneous Bone Conduction Hearing Aid Implantation
Authors: Hicks Kayla B. , Brown Kevin D. , Selleck A. Morgan , Dedmon Matthew M. , Thompson Nicholas J. 
Published: December 2023

ObjectiveTo detail a modified surgical technique for implantation of the Osia 2 Bone Conduction Hearing Aid (BCHA) system and to assess intra‐ and postoperative outcomes of this technique.MethodsA retrospective review was performed for cases undergoing implantation of an Osia 2 BCHA at a tertiary academic medical center. Modifications were made to the surgical procedure including: horizontal or curvilinear incisions, placement of the osseointegrated screw slightly superior to the plane of the external auditory canal, and double layer wound closure. Data regarding outcomes including demographics, incision type, surgical time, drilling requirements, and complications were collected using the electronic medical record.ResultsA total of twenty‐eight cases were evaluated with 57.1% and 42.9% utilizing horizontal and curved incisions, respectively. The median age for recipients was 43.1 years with six pediatric cases included in the study. Median operative time was 58 min (43–126 min). The majority of cases required minimal (60.7%) or no drilling (28.6%) with a significant increase in operative time for those requiring moderate drilling versus minimal to no drilling (F = 8.02, p = 0.002). There were no intraoperative complications. One (3.6%) postoperative seroma occurred which resolved with conservative management.ConclusionThe proposed modified surgical technique is a safe and effective method for implantation of the transcutaneous BCHA system with a low complication rate. Keys include incision design, implant placement, and two‐layered closure to minimize wound tension. These modifications can improve ease of the procedure and reduce operative time. These techniques also appear to be applicable to the pediatric population.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 134:2401–2404, 2024
Characterization of a Southern Ocean deep chlorophyll maximum: Response of phytoplankton to light, iron, and manganese enrichment
Authors: Latour Pauline , Eggins Sam , van der Merwe Pier , Bach Lennart T. , Boyd Philip W. , Ellwood Michael J. , Bowie Andrew R. , Wuttig Kathrin , Strzepek Robert F. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSouthern Ocean phytoplankton growth is limited by low iron (Fe) supply and irradiance, impacting the strength of the biological carbon pump. Unfavorable upper ocean conditions, such as low nutrient concentrations, can lead to the formation of deep chlorophyll or biomass maxima (DCM/DBM). While common in the Southern Ocean, these features remain understudied due to their subsurface location. To increase our understanding of their occurrence, we studied the responses of phytoplankton communities from a Southern Ocean DCM to increasing light, Fe, and manganese (Mn) levels. The DCM communities were light‐ and Fe‐limited, but light limitation did not increase phytoplankton Fe requirements. The greatest physiological responses were observed under combined Fe/light additions, which stimulated macronutrient drawdown, biomass production and the growth of large diatoms. Combined Mn/light additions induced subtle changes in Fe uptake rates and community composition, suggesting species‐specific Mn requirements. These results provide valuable information on Southern Ocean DCM phytoplankton physiology.
Low Loss 1 × 16/40 Flat Type Beam Splitters on Thin Film Lithium Niobate Using Photolithography Assisted Chemo‐Mechanical Etching
Authors: Zhu Zhuangzhuang , Wang Zhe , Fang Zhiwei , Lin Dong , Zhou Yuan , Zhong Yunxian , Xu Jian , He Jinping , Cheng Ya 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntegrated photonic devices based on thin film lithium niobate (TFLN) have attracted great attention due to their excellent performance. In this work, a flat type TFLN 1×N beam splitter is designed by adjusting the widths of tapered waveguides between free propagation region and arrayed waveguides. Two chips with 16 and 40 output ports, respectively, are manufactured with the femtosecond laser photolithography assisted chemo‐mechanical etching technology (PLACE). The excess losses are measured ≈1.43 and 1.94 dB, respectively. In theory, the flat‐type beam splitter for a single‐mode structure can maintain the flat intensity distribution within a 300 nm wavelength range. Experimentally, different types of output intensity distribution such as tilted or M‐shaped distributions can be obtained with the multimode structure by varying the position of the lensed fiber when the input light is TM‐polarized. This work explores an efficient way for the development of multichannel optical beam splitters.
Advances in proteomics methods for the analysis of exhaled breath condensate
Authors: Yoo Edwin J. , Kim Julie S. , Stransky Stephanie , Spivack Simon , Sidoli Simone 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe analysis of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) demonstrates a promising avenue of minimally invasive biopsies for diagnostics. EBC is obtained by cooling exhaled air and collecting the condensation to be utilized for downstream analysis using various analytical methods. The aqueous phase of breath contains a large variety of miscible small compounds including polar electrolytes, amino acids, cytokines, chemokines, peptides, small proteins, metabolites, nucleic acids, and lipids/eicosanoids—however, these analytes are typically present at minuscule levels in EBC, posing a considerable technical challenge. Along with recent improvements in devices for breath collection, the sensitivity and resolution of liquid chromatography coupled to online mass spectrometry‐based proteomics has attained subfemtomole sensitivity, vastly enhancing the quality of EBC sample analysis. As a result, proteomics analysis of EBC has been expanding the field of breath biomarker research. We present an au courant overview of the achievements in proteomics of EBC, the advancement of EBC collection devices, and the current and future applications for EBC biomarker analysis.
Single‐stage versus two‐stage bone flap reconstruction in chronic osteomyelitis: Multicenter outcomes comparison
Authors: Piccato Alice , Crosio Alessandro , Antonini Andrea , Battiston Bruno , Titolo Paolo , Tos Pierluigi , Ciclamini Davide 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundChronic osteomyelitis is an invalidating disease, and its severity grows according to the infection's particular features. The Cierny‐Maiden criteria classify it according to the anatomical aspects (I to IV) and also by physiological class (A host being in good immune condition and B hosts being locally (L) or systemically (S) compromised). The surgical approach to chronic osteomyelitis involves radical debridement and dead space reconstruction. Two‐stage management with delayed reconstruction is the most common surgical management, while one‐stage treatment with concomitant reconstruction is a more aggressive approach with less available literature. Which method gives the best results is unclear. The purpose of this study is to compare single and two‐stage techniques.MethodsThe authors carried out a retrospective multicentric cohort study to compare two primary outcomes (bone union and infection healing) in one versus two‐stage reconstructions with vascularized bone flaps in 23 cases of limb osteomyelitis (22 patients, 23 extremities). Thirteen subjects (56.5%) sustained a single‐stage treatment consisting of a single surgery of radical debridement, concomitant soft tissue coverage, and bone reconstruction. Ten cases (43.5%) sustained a two‐stage approach: radical debridement, simultaneous primary soft tissue closure, and antibiotic PMMA spacers implanted in 7 patients.ResultsNo statistical differences were observed between one‐ and two‐stage approaches in bone union rate and infection recurrence risk. Even though bone union seems to be higher and faster in the two‐stage than in the one‐stage group, and all infection relapses occurred in the one‐stage group, data did not statistically confirm these differences. Two of the six cases (33.3%) of bone nonunion occurred in compromised hosts (representing only 17.4% of our sample). The B‐hosts bone union rate was 50.0%, while it reached 78.9% in A‐hosts, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = .5392). Infection recurrence was higher in B‐hosts than in A‐hosts (p = .0086) and in Pseudomonas aeruginosa sustained infections (p = .0208), but in the latter case, the treatment strategy did not influence the outcome (p = .4000).ConclusionsBone union and infection healing rates are comparable between one and two‐stage approaches. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections have a higher risk of infection relapse, with similar effectiveness of one‐ and two‐stage strategies. B‐hosts have a higher infection recurrence rate without comparable data between the two approaches. Further studies with a larger sample size are required to confirm our results and define B‐hosts' best strategy.Level of EvidenceLevel III of evidence, retrospective cohort study investigating the results of treatments.
DDD coil design for wireless charging of unmanned aerial vehicles
Authors: Doğan Tuğba H. , Ağçal Ali 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe utilization of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) has become prevalent nowadays. UAVs are autonomous devices, except for self‐charging. Wireless power transfer (WPT) technologies eliminate human intervention in UAV charging and enable independent charging. The factors making WPT systems popular are autonomizing charging, eliminating cable complexity, and avoiding difficulties caused by environmental conditions. WPT of the UAV in the near field is provided by inductive coupling. In this paper, two vertical rectangular coils and horizontal DDD (triple rectangle) coils were placed in the receiver and the transmitter for UAV wireless charging, respectively. The design of the coils was made in ANSYS Maxwell 3D. A wireless charger of the UAV was designed for 100 W output power at 140 kHz frequency. The misalignment tolerance of the proposed design concerning the x‐ and y‐axis was examined. In addition, the magnetic flux density and magnetic field distributions of the WPT system were investigated. The study found that the proposed design can transfer energy wirelessly with 94% efficiency up to 10.3 cm horizontal and 1.7 cm vertical misalignment.
Simulation‐driven training of vision transformers enables metal artifact reduction of highly truncated CBCT scans
Authors: Fan Fuxin , Ritschl Ludwig , Beister Marcel , Biniazan Ramyar , Wagner Fabian , Kreher Björn , Gottschalk Tristan M. , Kappler Steffen , Maier Andreas 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundDue to the high attenuation of metals, severe artifacts occur in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The metal segmentation in CBCT projections usually serves as a prerequisite for metal artifact reduction (MAR) algorithms.PurposeThe occurrence of truncation caused by the limited detector size leads to the incomplete acquisition of metal masks from the threshold‐based method in CBCT volume. Therefore, segmenting metal directly in CBCT projections is pursued in this work.MethodsSince the generation of high quality clinical training data is a constant challenge, this study proposes to generate simulated digital radiographs (data I) based on real CT data combined with self‐designed computer aided design (CAD) implants. In addition to the simulated projections generated from 3D volumes, 2D x‐ray images combined with projections of implants serve as the complementary data set (data II) to improve the network performance. In this work, SwinConvUNet consisting of shift window (Swin) vision transformers (ViTs) with patch merging as encoder is proposed for metal segmentation.ResultsThe model's performance is evaluated on accurately labeled test datasets obtained from cadaver scans as well as the unlabeled clinical projections. When trained on the data I only, the convolutional neural network (CNN) encoder‐based networks UNet and TransUNet achieve only limited performance on the cadaver test data, with an average dice score of 0.821 and 0.850. After using both data II and data I during training, the average dice scores for the two models increase to 0.906 and 0.919, respectively. By replacing the CNN encoder with Swin transformer, the proposed SwinConvUNet reaches an average dice score of 0.933 for cadaver projections when only trained on the data I. Furthermore, SwinConvUNet has the largest average dice score of 0.953 for cadaver projections when trained on the combined data set.ConclusionsOur experiments quantitatively demonstrate the effectiveness of the combination of the projections simulated under two pathways for network training. Besides, the proposed SwinConvUNet trained on the simulated projections performs state‐of‐the‐art, robust metal segmentation as demonstrated on experiments on cadaver and clinical data sets. With the accurate segmentations from the proposed model, MAR can be conducted even for highly truncated CBCT scans.
Anisotropic continuum framework of coupled gas flow – adsorption – deformation in sedimentary rocks
Authors: Zhang Qi , Yin Zhen‐Yu , Yan Xia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSolid deformation is always a crucial factor of gas transport in sedimentary rocks. While previous studies always adopt the assumption of isotropic poroelastic deformation, anisotropic poroelastoplastic deformation is rarely considered, despite anisotropy being a ubiquitous property of natural sedimentary rocks. In this work, an anisotropic poromechanical model is established to analyze the matrix porosity and apparent permeability evolutions during the process of gas migration. Using a thermodynamic formulation that treats the fluid–solid interface as an independent phase, we derive a rate form for matrix porosity and obtain the new dissipation function that contains three parts: dissipations from solid deformation, gas adsorption, and fluid flow. For gas adsorption, we justify the rationality of the adopted model; for fluid flow, the updated porosity can be substituted into sophisticated apparent permeability models for full‐scale analysis; and for solid deformation, a recently developed constitutive model appropriate for rocks exhibiting transverse isotropy in both the elastic and plastic responses is adopted in this work. Through the novel stress‐point simulation incorporating two effective stress measures and adsorption strain, new patterns of apparent permeability are obtained, which fit the experimental data quite well and cannot be reproduced from the assumption of isotropic poroelasticity. The advantages of our poromechanical model include thermodynamic consistency and the ability to employ finite‐element‐based formulation. Finally, an initial‐boundary value problem of gas production considering anisotropic plasticity is conducted, and the effects of the bedding plane and different adsorption models are highlighted.
The association between testosterone deficiency and nocturia: Insights from The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data set
Authors: Kim Sung Jin , Lee Donghyun , Park Sung Gon , Pak Sahyun , Lee Young Goo , Cho Sung Tae 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimsTo examine the association between testosterone deficiency (TD) and nocturia in males, with specific attention to age and cardiovascular disease (CVD) comorbidity.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study utilized the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2011 to 2016, assessing 6137 adult male participants. TD was defined by a serum total testosterone (TT) concentration less than 300 ng/dL. Nocturia was determined based on participants' responses to a standard NHANES question regarding the frequency of urination during the night.ResultsThe study observed a significant association between TD and nocturia (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 1.211 [1.060–1.384], p = 0.005). Moreover, a U‐shape pattern was noted in the relationship between serum TT concentration and the relative odds of nocturia. Subgroup analysis revealed a robust correlation between TD and nocturia in those over 60 years old, and those with hypertension, dyslipidemia, and CVDs.ConclusionOur findings suggest a positive correlation between TD and nocturia, particularly among elderly individuals with CVD. This association underscores the potential therapeutic significance of addressing TD in the management of nocturia. Furthermore, longitudinal studies are needed to establish a causal relationship between TD and nocturia.
Robust block diagonal preconditioners for poroelastic problems with strongly heterogeneous material
Authors: Luber Tomáš , Sysala Stanislav 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper focuses on the analysis and the solution of the saddle‐point problem arising from a three‐field formulation of Biot's model of poroelasticity, discretized in time by the implicit Euler method. A block diagonal‐preconditioner, based on the Schur complement, is analyzed on a functional level and compared with two other block‐diagonal preconditioners having a similar structure. The problem is discretized in space using mixed finite elements and solved with appropriate iterative solvers, incorporating the investigated preconditioners. The solvers are tested on numerical examples inspired by geotechnical practice, with particular attention devoted to the solvers' robustness concerning strong heterogeneity in permeability.
Pediatric heart failure classification based on left ventricular ejection fraction
Authors: Huang Shan , Xiang Xue , Zhu Xu , Tian Jie , Pan Bo , Zheng Min 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLeft ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) is still not well acknowledged in classification of pediatric heart failure (PHF). We categorized PHF according to LVEF and aimed to determine the role of LVEF in PHF classification. Patients who were diagnosed with HF were divided into three groups according to their LVEF values: HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), HF with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF), and HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The clinical information of PHF patients was compared among those three groups. Factors associated with HF with improved EF (HFimpEF) and risk factors for in‐hospital death in PHF patients were analyzed. A total number of 1228 cases were collected. The proportion of HF patients with preserved LVEF (66.3%) was significantly higher than those with mildly reduced LVEF (21.7%) and reduced LVEF (12%). Clinical features such as age, B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) level, Ross classification, and E/A abnormal proportion in HF children with different LVEF value were statistically different. HF patients with younger age, lower BNP levels, minor cardiac dysfunction and less E/A abnormality could be found with higher LVEF value. The proportion of primary disease in PHF was largely different in HFpEF, HFmrEF and HFrEF groups. Medication treatment was more aggressive in patients with lower LVEF, except for vasoactive drugs. Children with congenital heart disease in HFrEF group were more prone to develop into HFimpEF. Sepsis, renal insufficiency, and an abnormal E/A ratio are risk factors for in‐hospital death of HF children. Clinical features of PHF could be well classified by LVEF, which is an essential and helpful indicator for PHF classification and management.