bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation of Cold Pilgering Process by a Generalized Plane Strain FEM
Authors: Harada M , Honda A , Toyoshima S 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
In order to attain a defect-free operation in the cold pilgering process, one must understand the material behavior through both experimental and computational study, optimization of the tool profile (mandrel and rolls), and appropriate selection of the tool material. Until now, several simplified computational methods have been presented, because 3-dimensional analysis is still far away in such a complicated forming process. In this paper, a generalized plane strain model has been employed for the simulations of cold pilgering of fuel cladding for nuclear applications. In this model, the tube material is considered to be viscoplastic at the loading stage of pilgering and totally elastic after every stroke. Therefore, considering the tube springs back after each stroke, it can be investigated how the tube shape affects deformation in the next pilgering stroke. A cold pilgering of zirconium alloy by two types of tools has been computed and compared. Moreover, computed results are compared with experimental results. Throughout the studies, the effect of tube spring back and the effect of design parameters on the deformation behavior are demonstrated.
Effects of Neutron Dose, Dose Rate, and Irradiation Temperature on the Irradiation Embrittlement of a Low-Copper Reactor Pressure Vessel Steel
Authors: Kasada R , Kudo T , Kimura A , Matsui H , Narui M 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
A series of irradiation experiments to investigate the effects of neutron fluence and flux on reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steels has been performed using the Japan Material Testing Reactor (JMTR). The irradiation temperature has been precisely controlled at 290°C within an error of ±2°C during reactor operation. The neutron fluence and flux ranged from 9.3 × 1017 to 1.1 × 1020 n/cm2 and from 1.4 × 1011 to 6.3 × 1013 n/cm2/s, respectively. The material used in the present study was an A533B RPV steel in which the copper and phosphorous concentrations are 0.03 and 0.002 wt%, respectively. Charpy impact test results with one-third sized specimens showed no dose-rate dependence. Microstructural observation revealed that a higher irradiation temperature at around 340°C resulted in formation of rather large dislocation loops and smaller microvoids.
Use of the Irradiation-Thermal Creep Model of Zr-1% Nb Alloy Cladding Tubes to Describe Dimensional Changes of VVER Fuel Rods
Authors: Rogozyanov AY , Smirnov AV , Kanashov BA , Polenok VS , Nuzhdov AA 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
The objective of this work was firstly to categorize the data on dimensional change of the VVER fuel rods and to identify the primary variables influencing performance, and secondly to benchmark the irradiation-thermal creep model for Zr-1 % Nb alloy cladding tubes against the VVER fuel rod dimensional changes data. The creep model was developed using the results of in-pile and out-of-pile tests of tube specimens.
Data arrays on the change of fuel rod diameter and length were obtained during examination of eight VVER-440 fuel assemblies and 16 VVER-1000 fuel assemblies. Qualitative analysis was performed of the measurement results presented as dependencies of averaged axial strain on burnup.
Similar calculated dependencies were obtained using the creep model considering the irradiation growth strain. The quantitative analysis showed that differences between the calculated and actual dimensional changes of the fuel rods did not exceed 3–4.5 % for VVER-440 and 7 % for VVER-1000.
Shear Strength of Structural Composite Lumber Using Torsion Tests
Authors: Gupta R , Siller T 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Torsion tests were used to determine the shear strength of full-size structural composite lumber (SCL). Eighty-five rectangular specimens of laminated strand lumber (LSL), laminated veneer lumber (LVL), and parallel strand lumber (PSL) were tested. LSL failed along the strand (LT Plane) and in a brittle manner. LVL and PSL failed across the veneer/strand (LR plane) and in a ductile manner. Different failure modes were observed due to the differences in the shear moduli in two longitudinal planes (GLT and GLR). Based on orthotropic theory, the shear strength of LSL, LVL, and PSL is 6.43 MPa (TLR), 7.96 MPa (TLT), and 6.82 MPa (TLT), respectively. Based on the results of this study, the torsion test is recommended as a standard method for determining the pure shear strength of full-size SCL, since it is the only known test method to date that imposes a state of pure shear stress in the specimens.
Conversion of Elongation Values for Cold-Rolled Low Carbon Steel Sheets
Authors: Yebuah R , Tonkovic M , Kastelec S 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
It is often difficult or impossible to prepare tension test pieces from flat steel products to specified standard size due to inadequate sample piece size. Hence several sizes of test pieces yielding different gage lengths are envisaged. However, the value of the total elongation beyond maximum stress in tension testing depends on the gage length due to the effect of necking. Acceptance values of elongation at fracture for flat steel products are therefore specified together with corresponding gage lengths, e.g., 50 or 80 mm (fixed gage lengths) and k So (proportional gage lengths) where k takes the value of 4.00, 5.65, 8.16, or 11.30 and k √SO is the original cross-sectional area of the test piece in mm2. Methods for converting room temperature percentage elongation at fracture obtained on various proportional and nonproportional gage lengths to other gage lengths exist for austenitic, carbon, and low alloy steels as hot-rolled, normalized, annealed, etc., but not as cold-reduced. These methods are also not valid where the gage length is greater than 25 times √SO or where the width-to-thickness ratio of the test piece is greater than twenty. This paper proposes a possible solution for cold-rolled low carbon steel sheets of thickness less than 2.0 mm, which continue to be, if not the major, one of the major raw materials in the automotive industry. The solution lies in the modification of the exponent in the Oliver formula used for flat steel products other than cold-rolled low carbon steel sheets.
Characteristic Fatigue-Creep Interaction Behavior of an ESR-Cast-to-Shape Gas Turbine Disc Alloy with Coarse Branch Crystals at High Temperature
Authors: He Q 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
The fatigue-creep cycling life and crack propagation rate of a Fe-Ni-Cr alloy were obtained from a series of tests. The results show different dependence of the fatigue-creep interaction on the stress composition. Overlapping of alternative stress with mean stress at high temperature could cause fairly strong fatigue creep interaction and reduced fracture life, as compared with both pure fatigue and pure creep tests. The high temperature fatigue creep crack propagation rate, as a function of the stress intensity factor range (ΔK), could also be described by the Paris equation with varied exponent (m).
Microglial Expression of the B7 Family Member B7 Homolog 1 Confers Strong Immune Inhibition: Implications for Immune Responses and Autoimmunity in the CNS
Authors: Magnus Tim , Schreiner Bettina , Korn Thomas , Jack Carolyn , Guo Hong , Antel Jack , Ifergan Igal , Chen Lieping , Bischof Felix , Bar-Or Amit , Wiendl Heinz 
Published: March 2005

Inflammation of the CNS is usually locally limited to avoid devastating consequences. Critical players involved in this immune regulatory process are the resident immune cells of the brain, the microglia. Interactions between the growing family of B7 costimulatory ligands and their receptors are increasingly recognized as important pathways for costimulation and/or inhibition of immune responses.Human and mouse microglial cells constitutively express B7 homolog 1 (B7-H1)in vitro. However, under inflammatory conditions [presence of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) or T-helper 1 supernatants], a significant upregulation of B7-H1 was detectable. Expression levels of B7-H1 protein on microglial cells were substantially higher compared with astrocytes or splenocytes. Coculture experiments of major histocompatibility complex class II-positive antigen-presenting cells (APC) with syngeneic T cells in the presence of antigen demonstrated the functional consequences of B7-H1 expression on T-cell activation. In the presence of a neutralizing anti-B7-H1 antibody, both the production of inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ and interleukin-2) and the upregulation of activation markers (inducible costimulatory signal) by T cells were markedly enhanced. Interestingly, this effect was clearly more pronounced when microglial cells were used as APC, compared with astrocytes or splenocytes. Furthermore, B7-H1 was highly upregulated during the course of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced and proteolipid protein-induced experimental allergic encephalomyelitisin vivo. Expression was predominantly localized to areas of strongest inflammation and could be colocalized with microglial cells/macrophages as well as T cells.Together, our data propose microglial B7-H1 as an important immune inhibitory molecule capable of downregulating T-cell activation in the CNS and thus confining immunopathological damage.
Mutational analysis of theTCOF1gene in 11 Japanese patients with Treacher Collins Syndrome and mechanism of mutagenesis
Authors: Horiuchi Katsumi , Ariga Tadashi , Fujioka Hirotaka , Kawashima Kunihiro , Yamamoto Yuhei , Igawa Hiroharu , Sugihara Tsuneki , Sakiyama Yukio 
Published: March 2005

AbstractTreacher Collins Syndrome (TCS) (OMIM 154500) is a congenital, craniofacial disorder inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. The responsible gene for TCS,TCOF1, was mapped to 5q32‐33.1 and identified in 1996. Since then,TCOF1mutations in patients with TCS have been reported from Europe, North and South America, however, no TCS cases from an Asian country have been molecularly characterized. Here we report mutational analysis for 11 Japanese patients with TCS for the first time, and have identifiedTCOF1mutations in 9 of them. The mutations detected were various, but most likely all the mutations are predicted to result in a truncated gene product, known as treacle. One mutation frequently reported was included in our cases, but no missense mutations were detected. These findings are similar to those for the previous studies for TCS in other races. We have speculated about the molecular mechanisms of the mutations in most cases. Collectively, we have defined some of the characteristic molecular features commonly observed in TCS patients, irrespective of racial difference. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Surnames in Argentina: A population study through isonymy
Authors: Dipierri J.E. , Alfaro E.L. , Scapoli C. , Mamolini E. , Rodriguez‐Larralde A. , Barrai I. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIn order to study the isonymic structure of Argentina, the surname distributions of 22.6 million electors registered for the year 2001 were analyzed in the 24 districts (distritos) and 541 municipalities (municipios) of the country. The number of different surnames found was 414,441. Matrices of isonymic distances between districts were constructed and tested for correlation with the geographic distance between the capital towns of the districts. We found that, for the whole of Argentina, Euclidean distance was correlated with the log of geographic distance (r = 0.480 ± 0.067). A dendrogram of the 24 regions was built from the matrix of Euclidean distances, using the UPGMA method. The clusters identified by the dendrogram are coincident with conterminous geographical regions of the country. Random inbreeding calculated from isonymy, FST, was highest in La Rioja, Corrientes, and Santiago del Estero. It was lowest in the area of Buenos Aires and in the north‐central region of Santa Fé. Average Fisher's α for municipalities was 358; for districts, it was 422; and for Argentina as a unit, it was 602. The geographical distribution of α in 541 municipalities, high in the east and lower in the west of the country, is compatible with the settlement in the 20th century of subsequent waves of immigrants moving from the North Atlantic coast toward the foot of the Andes and toward the south. The present structure of Argentina indicates that migration dominates over drift. Am J Phys Anthropol 128:199‐209, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Heat‐damage assessment of carbon‐fiber‐reinforced polymer composites by diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Dara I. H. , Ankara A. , Akovali G. , Suzer S. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractDiffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy was used to assess the effects of heat damage on carbon‐fiber‐reinforced polymer composites. Moisture‐saturated graphite–epoxy laminates with a quasi‐isotropic lay‐up were heat‐damaged above their upper service temperatures. The loss of matrix‐dominated mechanical properties due to heat exposure was investigated in the laboratory under environmental testing conditions with mechanical tests, ultrasonic C‐scanning, and DRIFT spectroscopy. The reduction of the mechanical strength of the composite materials was accompanied by an increase in the carbonyl band integral and a decrease in the phenyl ratio and hydroxyl and hydrocarbon band integrals, as shown by the DRIFT spectra. DRIFT was confirmed to be more effective than ultrasonic inspection in evaluating the extent of heat damage, and a good correlation was found between the mechanical test results and DRIFT spectra. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 1222–1230, 2005
Macroporous chitosan/carboxymethylcellulose blend membranes and their application for lysozyme adsorption
Authors: Chen Xin , Liu Jiahao , Feng Zhicheng , Shao Zhengzhong 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe adsorption of lysozyme was investigated with novel macroporous chitosan (CS)/carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) blend membranes. The CS/CMG blend membranes were prepared by a simple solution‐blending method with glutaraldehyde as a crosslinking agent for CS and with silica particles as porogens. The CS/CMC blend membranes were insoluble in aqueous media when the CMC concentration in the membranes did not exceed 30 mol %. The protein adsorption on these membranes from aqueous solutions containing different amounts of lysozyme at different pHs was investigated in batch systems. The results showed that the lysozyme adsorption capacity had a maximum at pH 9.2, and this indicated that the CS/CMC blend membranes could act as cation‐exchange membranes. Moreover, the blend membranes showed the best adsorption properties for lysozyme when the CMC concentration was 20 mol %. In addition, the lysozyme adsorption capacity of the blend membranes increased with an increase in the initial lysozyme concentration and the adsorption temperature. The maximum adsorption capacity of the macroporous CS/CMC blend membranes was as high as 240 mg/g (170 mg/mL), and more than 95% of the adsorbed lysozyme was desorbed in a pH buffer at 11.8. The blend membranes also demonstrated good reusability after several adsorption–desorption cycles. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 1267–1274, 2005
General and specific self‐efficacy in the context of a training intervention to enhance performance expectancy
Authors: Schwoerer Catherine E. , May Douglas R. , Hollensbe Elaine C. , Mencl Jennifer 
Published: March 2005

AbstractA pretest‐posttest field study investigated self‐efficacy, both general and specific, in an intensive training experience to prepare new recruits for their work assignments. Specific issues addressed include (1) the effects of the training experience on general self‐efficacy (GSE), work‐specific selfefficacy (SSE), and performance expectancy; (2) the effects of pretraining attitudes and beliefs on posttraining GSE and work SSE; and relations between posttraining self‐efficacy beliefs and posttraining performance expectancy. Training increased GSE, SSE, and performance expectancy. Unlike GSE, work SSE was influenced by pretraining motivation, training self‐efficacy, and performance expectancy. The implications of the findings for HRD research and practice are discussed from the perspectives of understanding individual characteristics of trainees, choosing methods to enhance self‐efficacy, and the appropriateness of measuring general and specific self‐efficacy before training (to guide planning) and after training (as an evaluation dimension)
Establishment of a human non‐small cell lung cancer cell line resistant to gefitinib
Authors: Koizumi Fumiaki , Shimoyama Tatsu , Taguchi Fumiko , Saijo Nagahiro , Nishio Kazuto 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine‐kinase inhibitor gefitinib (Iressa®, ZD1839) has shown promising activity preclinically and clinically. Because comparative investigations of drug‐resistant sublines with their parental cells are useful approaches to identifying the mechanism of gefitinib resistance and select factors that determine sensitivity to gefitinib, we established a human non‐small cell lung carcinoma subline (PC‐9/ZD) that is resistant to gefitinib. PC‐9/ZD cells are ∼180‐fold more resistant to gefitinib than their parental PC‐9 cells and PC‐9/ZD cells do not exhibit cross‐resistance to conventional anticancer agents or other tyrosine kinase inhibitors, except AG‐1478, a specific inhibitor of EGFR. PC‐9/ZD cells also display significant resistance to gefitinib in a tumor‐bearing animal model. To elucidate the mechanism of resistance, we characterized PC‐9/ZD cells. The basal level of EGFR in PC‐9 and PC‐9/ZD cells was comparable. A deletion mutation was identified within the kinase domain of EGFR in both PC‐9 and PC‐9/ZD, but no difference in the sequence of EGFR cDNA was detected in either cell line. Increased EGFR/HER2 (and EGFR/HER3) heterodimer formations were demonstrated in PC‐9/ZD cells by chemical cross‐linking and immunoprecipitation analysis in cells unexposed to gefitinib. Exposure to gefitinib increased heterodimer formation in PC‐9 cells, but not in PC‐9/ZD cells. Gefitinib inhibits EGFR autophosphorylation in a dose‐dependent manner in PC‐9 cells but not in PC‐9/ZD cells. A marked difference in inhibition of site‐specific phosphorylation of EGFR was observed at Tyr1068 compared to other tyrosine residues (Tyr845, 992 and 1045). To elucidate the downstream signaling in the PC9/ZD cellular machinery, complex formation between EGFR and its adaptor proteins GRB2, SOS, and Shc was examined. A marked reduction in the GRB2‐EGFR complex and absence of SOS‐EGFR were observed in PC‐9/ZD cells, even though the protein levels of GRB2 and SOS in PC‐9 and PC‐9/ZD cells were comparable. Expression of phosphorylated AKT was increased in PC‐9 cells and inhibited by 0.02 μM gefitinib. But the inhibition was not significant in PC‐9/ZD cells. These results suggest that alterations of adaptor‐protein‐mediated signal transduction from EGFR to AKT is a possible mechanism of the resistance to gefitinib in PC‐9/ZD cells. These phenotypes including EGFR–SOS complex and heterodimer formation of HER family members are potential biomarkers for predicting resistance to gefitinib. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pigmentary characteristics and moles in relation to melanoma risk
Authors: Titus‐Ernstoff Linda , Perry Ann E. , Spencer Steven K. , Gibson Jennifer J. , Cole Bernard F. , Ernstoff Marc S. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractAlthough benign and atypical moles are considered key melanoma risk factors, previous studies of their influence were small and/or institution‐based. We conducted a population‐based case‐control study in the state of New Hampshire. Individuals of ages 20–69 with an incident diagnosis of first primary cutaneous melanoma were ascertained through the New Hampshire State Cancer Registry. Controls were identified through New Hampshire driver's license lists and frequency‐matched by age and gender to cases. We interviewed 423 eligible cases and 678 eligible controls. Host characteristics, including mole counts, were evaluated using logistic regression analyses. Our results showed that pigmentary factors, including eye color (OR = 1.57 for blue eyes compared to brown), hair color (OR = 1.85 for blonde/red hair color compared to brown/black), freckles before age 15 (OR = 2.39 for freckles present compared to absent) and sun sensitivity (OR = 2.25 for peeling sunburn followed by no tan or a light tan and 2.42 for sunburn followed by tan compared to tanning immediately), were related to melanoma risk; these associations held after adjustment for sun‐related factors and for moles. In analyses confined to skin examination participants, the covariate‐adjusted effects of benign and atypical moles were moderately strong. Compared to 0–4 benign moles, risk increased steadily for 5–14 moles (OR = 1.71), 15–24 moles (OR = 3.55) and ≥ 25 moles (OR = 4.33). Risk also increased with the number of atypical moles; compared to none, the ORs for having 1, 2–3, or ≥ 4 atypical moles were 2.08, 1.84 and 3.80, respectively. Although risk was highest for those with multiple benign and atypical moles, the interaction was not of statistical significance. Our findings, arising from the first population‐ and incidence‐based study to evaluate atypical moles in relation to melanoma risk, confirm the importance of host susceptibility, represented by pigmentary factors and the tendency to develop benign or atypical moles, in the etiology of this disease. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fluctuating charge normal modes: An algorithm for implementing molecular dynamics simulations with polarizable potentials
Authors: Olano L. Renee , Rick Steven W. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractA new method for performing molecular dynamics simulations with fluctuating charge polarizable potentials is introduced. In fluctuating charge models, polarizability is treated by allowing the partial charges to be variables, with values that are coupled to charges on the same molecule as well as those on other molecules. The charges can be efficiently propagated in a molecular dynamics simulation using extended Lagrangian dynamics. By making a coordinate change from the charge variables to a set of normal mode charge coordinates for each molecule, a new method is constructed in which the normal mode charge variables uncouple from those on the same molecule. The method is applied to the TIP4P‐FQ model of water and compared to other methods for implementing the dynamics. The methods are compared using different molecular dynamics time steps. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 26: 699–707, 2005
Hearing loss in chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Naithani Rahul , Chandra Jagdish , Mathur N.N. , Narayan Shashi , Singh Varinder 
Published: March 2005

AbstractA 12‐year‐old girl presented with abdominal pain, fever, and hearing impairment of 6 months duration. She had massive hepatosplenomegaly and anemia. On the basis of her peripheral blood and bone marrow findings, she was diagnosed as chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in chronic phase. Her hearing was assessed by brainstem evoked responses (BERA), which showed objective improvement in hearing with hydroxyurea. The rare occurrence of deafness in CML is reviewed and possible pathogenesis is discussed. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2005; 45: 54–56. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.