bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forms of government support for national production and export in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Dashdavaa Myagmar 
Published: October 2023

Abstract: The study aims to draw valuable lessons for Mongolia from the Republic of Korea's (ROK) successful experiences in export support. Within this framework, the first section of the study provides an overview of key initiatives in industry and foreign trade development that have been implemented since the 1960s. The second section examines the comprehensive content, formats, and implementation methods of export support programs designed for small and medium-sized enterprises, particularly those in use since 2000. This section covers various aspects of export support, including financial assistance, marketing strategies, and technical services. It also includes illustrative examples. The study's findings recommend specific case studies and insights from South Korea's export development journey and currently operational programs, which have the potential to benefit Mongolia's own export efforts.

БНСУ-ын Засгийн газраас үндэсний үйлдвэрлэл, экспортоо дэмжиж буй хэлбэрүүд
Хураангуй: Уг судалгаа нь БНСУ-ын экспортыг дэмжих чиглэлд олсон амжилт, туршлагаас Монгол Улсад хэрэг болохуйц зарим жишээг тодруулах зорилго агуулсан. Энэ хүрээнд эхний хэсэгт 1960-аад оноос эхлэн хэрэгжүүлсэн аж үйлдвэрлэл, гадаад худалдааг хөгжүүлэх зарим онцлох бодлого хөтөлбөрүүдийг тоймлон судалсан. Хоёрдугаар хэсэгт 2000 оноос хойш хэрэгжүүлж буй жижиг дунд үйлдвэрлэл эрхлэгчдийн экспортыг дэмжих хөтөлбөрүүдийн ерөнхий агуулга, хэлбэр, хэрэгжүүлэх арга барилыг судалсан. Тухайлбал экспортыг дэмжих санхүү, маркетинг, технологийн үйлчилгээнүүд, тэдгээрийн онцлог, хэрэгжүүлж буй арга барилуудыг зарим жишээтэй оруулсан. Судалгааны үр дүнд тус улсын аж үйлдвэрлэл, экспортыг хөгжүүлсэн туршлага, өнөөгийн байдлаар хэрэгжүүлж буй бодлого хөтөлбөрүүдээс Монгол Улсын экспортыг дэмжих үйл хэрэгт нэмэр болохуйц зарим жишээг гаргасан.
Түлхүүр үгс: БНСУ, экспорт, үйлдвэрлэл, жижиг дунд үйлдвэрлэгч, бодлого, хөтөлбөр
impact of China's soft power policy and Mongolia
Authors: Maksim Khishigtuya 
Published: October 2023

Abstract: As China's development and strength have garnered increasing global attention, concerns about this growth and development have also risen. Consequently, there is a growing need to better understand and promote China to the world, dispelling any apprehensions about its growth. To address this, China has been actively pursuing a soft power policy. The country places significant emphasis on its cultural aspects within its soft power policy, highlighting the promotion of its unique culture with a history spanning thousands of years, as well as the ideals and achievements of Chinese Marxist culture as key elements of its soft power strategy.
This article briefly touches upon the primary component of China's cultural soft power policy, known as the "Going global" strategy. It discusses the use of Chinese language education, media, and cinema as instrumental tools for cultural diplomacy, and how this policy is being implemented in Mongolia, within the context of the industry.

БНХАУ-ын Зөөлөн хүчний бодлогын онцлог ба Монгол Улс
Хураангуй: Хятад орон хөгжин хүчирхэгжиж буй нь дэлхий нийтийн анхаарлыг татаж эхэлснээр энэ өсөлт хөгжлөөс айх болгоомжлох хандлага ч их болсон. Иймд Хятад улсыг дэлхий дахинд илүү сайн ойлгуулж танин мэдүүлэх, Хятадын өсөлтөөс айх хэрэггүй гэдгийг сурталчлах шаардлага тулгарснаар зөөлөн хүчний бодлого эрчимтэй явуулж байна. Хятад улс зөөлөн хүчний бодлогодоо “соёл”-ыг онцлон олон мянган жилийн түүхтэй өвөрмөц соёл болон Хятадын онцлогтой марксист соёлын үзэл санаа, ололт амжилтыг сурталчлахыг Хятадын зөөлөн хүчний бодлогын онцлог гэж үзжээ. Энэ өгүүлэлд Хятадын соёлын зөөлөн хүчний бодлогын гол стратеги болох “Соёлын гадагш гарах” стратегийн тухай товч дурдаж, хятад хэлний боловсрол, хэвлэл мэдээлэл, кино урлаг зэрэг салбарыг соёлын дипломат ажиллагааны арга хэрэгсэл болгон ашиглаж байгаа байдал ба Монгол Улсад энэ бодлого хэрхэн хэрэгжиж байгааг дээрх гурван салбарын хүрээнд авч үзэв.
Түлхүүр үг: Хятад улс, соёлын зөөлөн хүч, гадагш гарах стратеги, хятад хэл, хэвлэл мэдээлэл, кино урлаг
Educational intervention in diabetic older adults of Jujuy
Authors: Rodríguez Patricia , Mamani Brenda 
Published: October 2023

Introduction: population aging and increasing life expectancy pose challenges in the care of chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus. Gerontological research and adapted education are essential to address this global problem. Methods: a quasi-experimental study was conducted in diabetic patients over 60 years of age in Argentina, implementing a six-session educational program from October 2020 to February 2021. Knowledge was assessed, ethical principles were respected and confidentiality was guaranteed. Results: predominance of patients aged 60-64 years (42,62 %) and women (63,94 %). Initial inadequate knowledge about hypoglycemia, exercise, foot care and diet improved significantly after the intervention. Importance of attending the elderly population, especially those aged 60-64 years and women. Effectiveness of the educational program on metabolic control and lifestyle changes. Recommendation to expand similar programs in primary care. Conclusions: care of elderly diabetic patients requires a specialized approach, and tailored educational programs are effective in disease management and promotion of positive lifestyle changes. Wider implementation of these programs is recommended to improve patients' quality of life
Edukasi Fisioterapi Kemampuan Fungsional Pada Caregiver Di Komunitas Alzheimer Solo Raya
Authors: Susilo Taufik Eko , Anggraeni Amalia Ferina , Muliana Kurnia Dea Putri , Mustofa Muhammad Daniel , Sila Ulande Dikara Chelsyannisa , Zain Siti Azzura , Pristianto Arif 
Published: October 2023

Penyakit Alzheimer adalah bentuk penyakit degeneratif otak. Penyakit Alzheimer ini menjadi penyebab pertama lansia demensia yang ditandai dengan penurunan memori, bahasa, pemecahan masalah dan keterampilan kognitif lainnya yang mempengaruhi kemampuan lansia melakukan kegiatan sehari - hari. Penyakit Alzheimer disertai dengan gangguan motorik dan penurunan fungsi fisik. Pengurangan kekuatan adalah suatu kunci dari disabilitas fungsional pada orangtua dengan demensia. Keberadaan Caregiver sangat berperan penting dalam perawatan lansia, mobilisasi pergerakan lansia dan meningkatkan motivasi lansia demensia. Tanpa kemampuan dan pengetahuan yang memadai, usaha perawatan bagi ODD tidak akan memberi hasil dan kemajuan yang positif. Permasalahan yang dialami komunitas Alzheimer Solo Raya yaitu defisit kemampuan fungsional dalam duduk, berdiri, dan berjalan, risiko jatuh pada lansia, sikap tubuh dan postur tubuh yang buruk dan pengetahuan Caregiver yang minim. Dengan adanya permasalahan tersebut perlunya program latihan fisioterapi untuk meningkatkan keseimbangan lansia, memberi home program exercise, melakukan pemeriksaan dan mengedukasi caregiver bagaimana cara yang tepat untuk membantu kemampuan fungsional lansia. Dengan dilaksanakan demonstrasi pemeriksaan keseimbangan seperti Romberg test, Time Up and Go Test, Five Times Sit to Stand Test , pemberian latihan keseimbangan yang telah dilakukan memberikan hasil positif yaitu meningkatkan pengetahuan lansia dan caregiver, sikap tubuh, kesadaran lansia dalam peningkatan kualitas kemampuan fungsionalnya dan peningkatan pengetahuan caregiver untuk memperbaiki dan meningkatkan kemampuan fungsional lansia.
Failure to respond to a simple email – I’m not impressed
Authors: Mounce Ross 
Published: October 2023

I sent my local MP (Don Foster, Lib Dem) a simple, fairly short (~265 words), clear &amp; concise formal letter 18 days ago – I blogged the draft of it which is virtually the same here. It’s been at least 13 working days now by my count and I still haven’t received a proper reply, so I tweeted @DonFosterMP last night: http://storify.com/rmounce/hargreaves-edm
รัฐยังต้องมีบทบาทสำคัญในนโยบายสาธารณะ
Authors: เสงี่ยมพงษ์ พิษณุ 
Published: October 2023

ข้อวิจารณ์เกี่ยวกับบทบาทของรัฐครอบคลุมหลายปัจจัย ประการที่หนึ่ง รัฐได้เพิ่มขอบข่ายของบทบาทมาโดยตลอด ประการที่สอง รัฐได้เข้าแทรกแซงชีวิตและเสรีภาพของผู้คนในสังคม และประการที่สาม มีข้อวิจารณ์เกี่ยวกับความไม่มีประสิทธิภาพในการบริหารจัดการของภาครัฐ บทความนี้กล่าวถึงที่มาและประเภทของบทบาทของรัฐซึ่งนำไปสู่หลายระดับของการแทรกแซงสังคมของรัฐ และวิเคราะห์เหตุผลความจำเป็นในเชิงเศรษฐศาสตร์และการเมืองที่รัฐต้องมีบทบาทในสังคม โดยที่บทบาทดังกล่าวสะท้อนออกมาเป็นหลายประเภทของนโยบายสาธารณะซึ่งล้วนแต่มีความสำคัญต่อสาธารณะ บทความอภิปรายยกตัวอย่างประเด็นปัญหาความไร้รัฐและคนไร้รัฐที่น่าจะช่วยชี้ให้เห็นถึงความสำคัญของรัฐได้ แทนแนวคิดที่ว่ารัฐจะสลายไป และอีกส่วนหนึ่งอภิปรายถึงผลกระทบของโลกาภิวัตน์ในการลดอำนาจอธิปไตยของรัฐลง โดยบทความวิเคราะห์บทบาทของบรรษัทข้ามชาติภายในเศรษฐกิจโลกว่าอาจไปเกี่ยวข้องหรือมีผลกระทบต่อการตัดสินใจในนโยบายสาธารณะด้านเศรษฐกิจของรัฐได้ แต่บทความก็มีข้อเสนอว่ายังมีนโยบายสาธารณะด้านอื่น ๆ ที่ไม่ใช่ด้านเศรษฐกิจที่บรรษัทข้ามชาติเหล่านี้ไม่น่าจะให้ความสนใจ ดังนั้นจึงยังน่าจะมองได้ว่าอำนาจอธิปไตยของรัฐในส่วนอื่น นอกเหนือจากด้านเศรษฐกิจยังคงมีอยู่อย่างค่อนข้างสมบูรณ์ในรัฐ
การศึกษาวิจัยกลไกการบริหารจัดการสาธารณภัยในระดับพื้นที่
Authors: สิงหเสม ศิริรักษ์ , เหลืองประภัสร์ วสันต์ , เฉยศิริ ภัทรวุฒิ 
Published: October 2023

ความพยายามให้เกิดการบริหารจัดการสาธารณภัยอย่างเป็นระบบเป็นหนึ่งในประเด็นสำคัญที่รัฐบาลวางแนวทางไว้ในการปฏิรูประบบราชการเมื่อปี พ.ศ. 2545 และนำไปสู่การก่อตั้งกรมป้องกันและบรรเทาสาธารณภัยโดยมีภารกิจหน้าที่ในการจัดทำแผนแม่บท วางมาตรการ ส่งเสริมสนับสนุน การป้องกัน บรรเทาและฟื้นฟูจากสาธารณภัย บทความวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาวิเคราะห์ปัญหากลไกการบริหารจัดการสาธารณภัยในระดับพื้นที่และเสนอตัวแบบการบริหารจัดการที่เหมาะสม จากการวิจัยกรณีศึกษา 8 จังหวัด พบข้อจำกัดของการบริหารจัดการทั้งในแง่ระบบงาน กลไก และโครงสร้าง ผลการศึกษานำมาซึ่งข้อเสนอในการกำหนดกลไกการบริหารจัดการสาธารณภัยในระดับพื้นที่ 3 รูปแบบ ได้แก่ รูปแบบสำนักงานป้องกันและบรรเทาสาธารณภัยจังหวัด รูปแบบสำนักงานป้องกันและบรรเทาสาธารณภัยกลุ่มอำเภอ และรูปแบบสำนักงานป้องกันและบรรเทาสาธารณภัยอำเภอ โดยรูปแบบที่เหมาะสมกับพื้นที่ตามหลักการบริหารจัดการเป็นรูปแบบสำนักงานป้องกันและบรรเทาสาธารณภัยกลุ่มอำเภอ เพราะมีความชัดเจนในโครงสร้างการตอบสนองภารกิจเชิงความเชี่ยวชาญและฐานะของหน่วยงานเชิงอำนาจหน้าที่ อย่างไรก็ตาม ไม่มีรูปแบบใดดีที่สุดเพราะการประยุกต์ใช้ยังเกี่ยวพันกับสภาพพื้นที่และการเข้าถึง ลักษณะสาธารณภัย ประชากรและขอบเขตการปกครอง และศักยภาพของเครือข่าย นอกจากนี้การประยุกต์ใช้ยังต้องอาศัยขีดความสามารถของหน่วยปฏิบัติด้วย นำไปสู่ข้อเสนอแนะว่าขีดความสามารถของผู้จัดการสาธารณภัยเป็นเงื่อนไขของการพัฒนาการบริหารจัดการสาธารณภัย
Dampak Pengaruh Sovability, Liquidity Ratio terhadap Return on Asset (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Pertambangan di BEI)
Authors: Laurence Gerits Tommy , Santoso Henny 
Published: October 2023

Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh Current Ratio (CR), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), dan Quick Ratio (QR) terhadap Return on Assets (ROA) pada perusahaan pertambangan batu bara yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia dalam periode 2012-2022.
Metodologi : Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis data sekunder berdasarkan laporan keuangan perusahaan. Dengan alat analisis smart PLS.
Hasil penelitian : menunjukkan bahwa Current Ratio (CR) memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap ROA, menyoroti pentingnya tingkat likuiditas yang memadai dalam mengatasi tantangan finansial dalam industri ini. Sementara itu, Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap ROA, menunjukkan bahwa tingkat utang relatif tidak secara signifikan memengaruhi kinerja keuangan perusahaan. Quick Ratio (QR) juga memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap ROA, menunjukkan bahwa likuiditas yang cepat memainkan peran penting dalam menjaga stabilitas dan kinerja keuangan perusahaan pertambangan batu bara.
Penelitian ini memberikan pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi ROA dalam industri ini dan memberikan panduan bagi manajemen perusahaan dalam mengambil keputusan keuangan yang lebih efektif.
Costs of Prescription Drugs for Children and Parental Adherence to Long-Term Medications
Authors: Lauffenburger Julie C. , Barlev Renee A. , Olatunji Eniola , Brill Gregory , Choudhry Niteesh K. 
Published: October 2023

ImportanceThe adverse effects of prescription drug costs on medication adherence and health have been well described for individuals. Because many families share financial resources, high medication costs for one could lead to cost-related nonadherence in another; however, these family-level spillover effects have not been explored.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether the cost of a child’s newly initiated medication was associated with changes in their parent’s adherence to their own medications and whether that differed by likely duration of treatment.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used interrupted time-series analysis with a propensity score-matched control group from a large national US health insurer database (2010-2020) and included children initiating medication and their linked presumed parents using long-term medications.ExposureThe cost of the child’s initiated medication. Child medication cost was classified based on highest (≥90th) or lowest (&amp;lt;10th) decile from out-of-pocket medication spending, stratified by whether the medication was intended for short- or long-term use. Children initiating high-cost medications (based on the highest decile) were propensity-score matched with children initiating low-cost medications.Main Outcome and MeasuresThe child’s parent’s adherence to long-term medication assessed by the widely used proportion of days covered metric in 30-day increments before and after the child’s first fill date. Parent demographic characteristics, baseline adherence, and length of treatment, and family unit size and out-of-pocket medication spending were key subgroups.ResultsAcross 47 154 included pairs, the parents’ mean (SD) age was 42.8 (7.7) years. Compared with a low-cost medication, initiating a high-cost, long-term medication was associated with an immediate 1.9% (95% CI, −3.8% to −0.9%) reduction in parental adherence sustained over time (0.2%; 95% CI, −0.1% to 0.4%). Similar results were observed for short-term medications (0.6% immediate change; 95% CI, −1.3% to −0.01%). Previously adherent parents, parents using treatment for longer periods, and families who spent more out-of-pocket on medications were more sensitive to high costs, with immediate adherence reductions of 2.8% (95% CI, −4.9% to −0.6%), 2.7% (95% CI, −4.7% to −0.7%), and −3.8% (95% CI, −7.2% to −0.5%), respectively, after long-term medication initiation.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study small reductions in adherence across parents with higher child drug costs were observed. Health care systems should consider child-level or even household-level spending in adherence interventions or prescription policy design.
Association Between a State-Level Fat Tax and Fast Food Purchases
Authors: Agarwal Sumit , Ghosh Pulak , Zhan Changwei 
Published: October 2023

ImportanceIndia faces an increasing obesity problem, including in the Indian state of Kerala in which the fat tax was implemented but was nullified 11 months later. A fat tax, defined as a tax on unhealthy foods, may be associated with changes in food purchases and outcomes for multiple diet-related diseases.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between the state-level fat tax and fast food purchases in Kerala, India.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study analyzed a large-scale credit and debit card transaction data set and aggregated this sample at the account-year-month level of fast food purchases in Kerala state and 9 major cities in other Indian states (Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Bhubaneswar, Chennai, Delhi, Gurgaon, Kolkata, Mumbai, and Surat). Purchase records were obtained for January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2017. The association between the fat tax and fast food purchases was examined using the difference-in-differences method. This analysis was initiated on December 1, 2022.ExposuresThe exposure was the fat tax. Kerala was the exposed group, and 9 major Indian cities were the control group.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome was the fast food purchase ratio, defined as the proportion of fast food purchases of the total food purchases. Changes in the fast food purchase ratio were estimated in Kerala across the sample period and then compared with 9 major cities.ResultsThe sample for analysis included 238 015 credit and debit card accounts, of which 36.7% were in Kerala and 63.3% were in 9 major cities. The cardholders included 191 603 males (80.5%) with a mean (SD) age of 36.6 (12.8) years. During the fat tax implementation (August 2016-June 2017), Kerala’s fast food purchase ratio decreased by 3.9 percentage points (β [SE], −0.039 [0.002]; 95% CI, −0.042 to −0.036), compared with 9 major cities. After the fat tax was nullified, the fast food purchase ratio reduced by 5.6 percentage points (γ [SE], −0.056 [0.002]; 95% CI, −0.059 to −0.052) compared with 9 major cities and using the pretax period as the benchmark.Conclusions and RelevanceResults of this cohort study suggest that the Kerala fat tax was associated with fewer fast food purchases. Food tax policies need to have an elaborate design, and related issues, such as social inequality, nutritional deficiency, and political concerns, need to be evaluated in future studies.
Investigation of Immunostimulatory Effects of IFN‐γ Cytokine and CD40 Ligand Costimulatory Molecule for Development of HIV‐1 Therapeutic Vaccine Candidate
Authors: Heidarnejad Fatemeh , Bolhassani Azam , Ajdary Soheila , Milani Alireza , Sadeghi Seyed Amir 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe most crucial disadvantage of DNA‐based vaccines is their low immunogenicity; therefore, finding an effectual adjuvant is essential for their development. Herein, immunostimulatory effects of IFNγ cytokine and a CD40 ligand (CD40L) costimulatory molecule are evaluated as combined with an antigen, and also linked to an antigen in mice. For this purpose, after preparation of the HIV‐1 Nef, IFNγ, and CD40L DNA constructs, and also their recombinant protein in an Escherichia coli expression system, nine groups of female BALB/c mice are immunized with different regimens of DNA constructs. About 3 weeks and also 3 months after the last injection, humoral and cellular immune responses are assessed in mice sera and splenocytes. Additionally, mice splenocytes are exposed to single‐cycle replicable (SCR) HIV‐1 virions for evaluating their potency in the secretion of cytokines in vitro. The data indicate that the linkage of IFNγ and CD40L to Nef antigen can significantly induce the Th‐1 pathway and activate cytotoxic T lymphocytes compared to other regimens. Moreover, groups receiving the IFNγ‐Nef and CD40L‐Nef fusion DNA constructs show higher secretion of IFNγ and TNF‐α from virion‐infected lymphocytes than other groups. Therefore, the IFNγ‐Nef and CD40L‐Nef fusion DNA constructs are suggested to be a potential option for development of an efficient HIV‐1 vaccine.
Magnetic Field Modulated Intrinsic Charge and Spin Ordering in Ferromagnetic Electrocatalysts for Rechargeable Zn–Air Battery
Authors: Qian Jinmei , Zhang Hong , Li Gaoyang , Jia Lei , Peng Xuebing , Zhong Chenglin , Li Feng , Chao Dongliang , Gao Daqiang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMagnetic field‐enhanced electrocatalytic activity has recently emerged as an effective strategy for electrocatalytic reactions. However, modulating the electrical behavior and spin ordering in real‐time using magnetic field during the electrocatalytic process remains challenging. Herein, based on the coexistence of room‐temperature ferromagnetic and magnetoresistance (MR) properties in La1−xSrxMnO3, it demonstrates that in addition to spin polarization, the negative MR effect contributes significantly to the enhancement of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) owing to the considerable MR value (−7.32% for La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 at 1.0 T). Accordingly, a lessened OER overpotential of ≈120 mV (at 10 mA cm−2) and a reduced charge‐transfer resistance are observed in La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 under a magnetic field of 1.0 T. Additionally, the power density of self‐assembled Zn–air battery (ZnAB) based on La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 improves by 5.9 times under 1.0 T. Calculation results reveal that spin alignment can induce more unoccupied electronic states near the Fermi level, decrease the energy level of the Mn d‐band center, and significantly reduce the O* formation barrier to enhance the OER activity of Sr‐doped LaMnO3. Thus, the in situ regulation of charge and spin ordering by magnetic field offers a deeper understanding for designing high‐performance ZnABs.
Rationally Designing Closed Pore Structure by Carbon Dots to Evoke Sodium Storage Sites of Hard Carbon in Low‐Potential Region
Authors: Huang Yujie , Zhong Xue , Hu Xinyu , Li Yujin , Wang Kai , Tu Hanyu , Deng Wentao , Zou Guoqiang , Hou Hongshuai , Ji Xiaobo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHard carbon (HC) is widely regarded as the most promising anode material for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). For improving the sodium storage capacity of HC anode, current research primarily focuses on the high‐voltage slope region. Actually, increasing the storage capability in the low‐voltage plateau region is more important for enhancing the energy density of full cells. Therefore, in this study, HC anode with rich closed pore structure is designed and constructed with the help of carbon dots (CDs), and it is demonstrated that the presence of closed pore structure can provide more sodium storage sites in the plateau region, resulting in an obvious increase of sodium storage capacity. Moreover, the pore‐filling and intercalation mechanism for sodium storage in plateau region is revealed by in situ Raman spectroscopy and ex situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It is worth noting that the increase in capacity induced by closed pore‐filling is not accompanied by a decrease in initial coulombic efficiency (ICE), due to the fact that the introduction of closed pores does not increase the contact area between electrode and electrolyte. This work presents novel concepts for the structural design of HC and provides valuable insights into the effective utilization of plateau region in SIBs.
De Novo Design of Near‐Infrared Fluorescent Agents Activated by Peroxynitrite and Glutathione‐Responsive Imaging for Diabetic Liver Disease
Authors: Jiang Renfeng , Zhang Hongshuai , Liu Qian , Yang Xuefeng , He Longwei , Yuan Lin , Cheng Dan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDiabetes and its complications, such as diabetes liver disease, is a major problem puzzling people's health. The detection of redox states in its pathological process can effectively help us gain a deeper understanding of the disease. The pair of oxidation–reduction substances peroxynitrite (ONOO−) and glutathione (GSH) is considered to be closely related to their occurrence and development. Thus, direct visualization of ONOO− and GSH in diabetes liver disease is critical to evaluate the disease at the molecular level. Herein, two activatable agents NTCF‐ONOO− and NTCF‐GSH are prepared for selectively detecting ONOO− and GSH through protection and deprotection strategies based on hydroxyl and amino groups of near‐infrared fluorophore. Fluorescence imaging of exogenous and endogenous ONOO− and GSH changes in living cells and in vivo is observed. The ONOO− and GSH level in the diabetes liver disease cellular model are visualized and the possible redox imbalance mechanism related to the oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH) nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides is explored in this process. Moreover, these probes can sensitively recognize ONOO− and GSH in the process of oxidative stress resulting from streptozotocin and streptozotocin/acetaminophen‐induced complex diabetic liver disease in vivo. In addition, they can be applied for monitoring the clinical serum sample related with diabetic patients.