bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atropisomeric amides: Achiral ligands with chiral conformations
Authors: Honda Ayako , Waltz Karen M. , Carroll Patrick J. , Walsh Patrick J. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractA new class of achiral ligands with atropisomeric conformations has been coordinated to titanium(IV). The ligands are ortho‐hydroxy benzamide derivatives which are deprotonated on reaction with titanium tetraisopropoxide to furnish Ti(L)2(O‐iPr)2 complexes (L=ortho‐phenoxy benzamide). In these octahedral titanium compounds, the ortho‐phenoxy benzamide ligands chelate to titanium, bonding through the phenoxide oxygen and the amide carbonyl oxygen. The benzamide ligands adopt atropisomeric conformations with an angle between the aryl and amide groups of approximately 35°. The ligand precursor, ligand, and titanium complexes have been characterized by X‐ray crystallography. Only one diastereomer of each titanium complex was observed in the solid state structures. Chirality 15:615–621, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hierarchical regression with misaligned spatial data: relating ambient ozone and pediatric asthma ER visits in Atlanta
Authors: Zhu Li , Carlin Bradley P. , Gelfand Alan E. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractRecent work by the authors enabled a hierarchical modeling solution to the general change of support problem (COSP), where they seek to make inferences about the values of a variable at either points or regions different from those at which it has been observed. The approach presumes an underlying continuous stationary spatial process X (s) for locations s ∈ D, a region of interest. It is straightforwardly extended to the spatio‐temporal setting by assuming a space–time separable covariance function for the X (s, t) process, t ∈ T and again s ∈ D. In this article they take up the associated misaligned regression problem, where, for example, the explanatory variable is envisioned from the X (s, t) process, while the response is available only as areal summaries over a particular grid at particular times. They illustrate using a dataset relating several air quality indicators (ozone, particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, etc.) and a range of sociodemographic variables (age, gender, race, and a socioeconomic status surrogate) to the response, pediatric emergency room (ER) visit counts for asthma in Atlanta, Georgia. Here the air quality data is collected at fixed monitoring stations (point locations) while the sociodemographic covariates and response variable is collected by zip code (areal summaries). In fact, the air quality data are available as daily averages at each monitoring station, and the response is available as daily counts of visits in each zip code. As is now common in hierarchical Bayesian spatial applications, computing is implemented via a carefully tailored Metropolis–Hastings algorithm, with map summaries created using a geographic information system (GIS). Like many recent investigations of the ozone–asthma link, our results suggest a small positive association, though our data can permit this conclusion only for those children living in the city of Atlanta who use the ER to manage their asthma. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of urea transport in Bufo arenarum oocytes
Authors: Silberstein Claudia , Zotta Elsa , Ripoche Pierre , Ibarra Cristina 
Published: June 2003

AbstractXenopus laevis oocytes have been extensively used for expression cloning, structure/function relationships, and regulation analysis of transporter proteins. Urea transporters have been expressed in Xenopus oocytes and their properties have been described. In order to establish an alternative system in which urea transporters could be efficiently expressed and studied, we determined the urea transport properties of ovarian oocytes from Bufo arenarum, a toad species common in Argentina. Bufo oocytes presented a high urea permeability of 22.3 × 10−6 cm/s, which was significantly inhibited by the incubation with phloretin. The urea uptake in these oocytes was also inhibited by mercurial reagents, and high‐affinity urea analogues. The urea uptake was not sodium dependent. The activation energy was 3.2 Kcal/mol, suggesting that urea movement across membrane oocytes may be through a facilitated urea transporter. In contrast, Bufo oocytes showed a low permeability for mannitol and glycerol. From these results, we propose that one or several specific urea transporters are present in ovarian oocytes from Bufo arenarum. Therefore, these oocytes cannot be used in expression studies of foreign urea transporters. The importance of Bufo urea transporter is not known but could be implicated in osmotic regulation during the laying of eggs in water. J. Exp. Zool. 298A:10–15, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Skin epithelial transport and structural relationships in naturally metamorphosing Pelobates syriacus
Authors: Katz Uri , Rozman Alexander , Gabbay Shosh 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe onset of active Na+ transport and activated Cl− conductance (GCl) across the skin epithelium of Pelobates syriacus was investigated during natural ontogenetic development. Structural features, including band three and Peanut lectin bindings were tested in parallel and structure‐function relationships were attempted. The 22 specimens studied were divided into two tadpole, three juvenile, and two adult stages, corresponding to the Taylor‐Kollros standard table, in accordance with external morphology of their developmental stage. Onset of transepithelial electrical potential and drop in conductance occurred abruptly, coinciding with metamorphosis climax of tadpoles into juveniles at about stage XXI of development. Amiloride‐sensitive Na+ transport occurred a little later at stage XXIII, followed by the appearance of activated Cl− conductance, GCl. Parallel structural examination showed that skin MR cells occurred upon metamorphosis, as the tadpole integument transformed into the adult epithelium and could be associated with the occurrence of activated GCl. It was not related temporally with the appearance of band three protein in MR cells. Our findings support the association of GCl with MR cells, whereas band three may only be a corollary of GCl and not necessarily essential for its manifestation. J. Exp. Zool. 298A:1–9, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Steroidal modulation of In Vitro gonadotropin secretion in prepubertal and adult male siberian hamsters
Authors: Pak Toni R. , Lynch G. Robert , Tsai Pei‐San 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe effects of exogenous gonadal steroids, testosterone (T), and 17β‐estradiol (E2) upon the hypothalamo‐pituitary‐gonadal axis were reported to be different between prepubertal and adult Siberian hamsters. Utilizing an in vitro static culture system, we investigated if age‐related differences in steroid responsiveness occurs at the pituitary. Prepubertal (20 days old) or adult (140 days old) male Siberian hamsters were implanted with 1 mm silastic capsules containing undiluted T, E2 or cholesterol (Ch, control). After 15 days, pituitaries were removed, incubated in vitro, and subjected to the following treatments: two baseline measurements, one challenge with 10ng/ml of D‐Lys6‐gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH), and three post‐challenge washes. Fractions were collected every 30 minutes and measured for follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). T and E2 reduced basal secretion of LH and FSH in juveniles but not adults. In juveniles, E2 increased GnRH‐induced FSH and LH secretion, while T augmented GnRH‐induced FSH secretion but attenuated GnRH‐induced LH secretion. Steroid treatment had no effect on GnRH‐stimulated LH or FSH release in adults. The only effect of steroid hormones upon adult pituitaries was the more rapid return of gonadotropin secretion to baseline levels following a GnRH challenge. These data suggest both basal and GnRH‐induced gonadotropin secretion are more sensitive to steroid treatment in juvenile hamsters than adults. Further, differential steroidal regulation of FSH and LH at the level of the pituitary in juveniles might be a mechanism for the change in sensitivity to the negative effects of steroid hormones that occurs during the pubertal transition. J. Exp. Zool. 298A:53–59, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Surgical transplantation of sexually immature ovaries in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Cloud J.G. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractTransplantation of testes between isogenic rainbow trout males has been recently demonstrated. The objective of the present investigation was to determine if ovaries detached from the body wall and removed from the abdominal cavity would reestablish themselves when autografted to an ectopic site. In the first experiment, eleven sexually immature, female rainbow trout were laparotomized midventrally, and the right ovary was removed and transplanted to the abdominal cavity and positioned along the pyloric cecae on the right side. In the second experiment, the ovary was autografted in four animals as in experiment 1 or was transferred to and allografted in four other sexually immature female trout. The animals were examined three months following surgery. At the termination of experiment 1, the autografted ovaries were present in 73% of the animals; the transplanted ovaries were smaller in size than the intact control ovaries. Histological examination did not reveal any necrotic tissue in these transplanted gonads, and oocyte development was not different between the transplanted and the intact ovary within animal. Transplanted ovaries allografted from another female were not found. Taken together, these data support the conclusion that rainbow trout ovaries detached from the body wall can reestablish their blood supply and maintain ovarian development and that female trout appear to reject gonadal tissue from other individuals of their species. J. Exp. Zool. 73–76, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dopaminergic regulation of crustacean hyperglycemic hormone and glucose levels in the hemolymph of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii
Authors: Zou Hong‐Shin , Juan Chi‐Chih , Chen Shyh‐Chi , Wang Hsin‐Yuan , Lee Chi‐Ying 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe effects of dopamine on crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) release and hemolymph glucose levels in the crayfish Procambarus clarkii were investigated. A quantitative sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using antibodies specific for Prc CHH was developed and characterized. The sensitivity of the ELISA was about 1 fmol/well. Specific measurement of CHH in hemolymph samples by the ELISA was demonstrated by the parallelism between CHH standard curve and sample (hemolymph) titration curve. Moreover, thermally stressed P. clarkii exhibited a characteristic change of hemolymph CHH levels as revealed by the ELISA. CHH and glucose levels increased significantly within 30 min of dopamine injection, peaked at 1 h, and returned to the basal levels at 4 h. Dose‐dependent effects of dopamine on CHH and glucose levels were observed between 10–8 to 10–6 mol/animal. Dopamine‐induced increases in CHH and glucose levels were absent in eyestalk‐ablated animals. Finally, dopamine significantly stimulated the release of CHH from in vitro incubated eyestalk ganglia. These results suggest that dopamine enhances release of CHH into hemolymph that in turn evokes hyperglycemic responses and that the predominant site of dopamine‐induced CHH release is the X‐organ‐sinus gland complex located within the eyestalk. J. Exp. Zool. 298A: 44–52, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A degree‐two WR90 waveguide circulator using radial dielectric waveguide transformers
Authors: Hocine M. , Tsounis V. , Sharp J. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractMost commercial degree‐two waveguide circulators using gyromagnetic turnstile and post resonators are quarter‐wave coupled by metal transformers. The purpose of this short paper is to experimentally describe one post‐resonator geometry using a self‐jigging, partially dielectric‐loaded radial waveguide transformer. The assembly developed in this work has a return loss of 20 dB and an insertion loss of 0.20 dB over a bandwidth of approximately 12% in the WR90 waveguide. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 38: 263–264, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11033
Resonance characteristics of capacitively loaded CPW open‐loop resonators
Authors: Görür Adnan , Akgün Özlem 
Published: June 2003

AbstractCapacitively loaded coplanar waveguide (CPW) open‐loop resonators (OLRs) are proposed for maximum miniaturization in uniplanar microwave applications. It is shown that these resonators can be used to achieve a slow‐wave effect without occupying extra surface area. Also, the resonators have a size reduction of about 50% at the same resonance frequency, as compared with the conventional open‐loop resonator, as well as a higher performance of about 25–30%. The reduction in size of these types of resonators, and their performance (mainly the Q factor), can be controlled by the fingers within the OLR. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 38: 298–300, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11042
Dispersion characteristics of V‐shaped microstrip lines
Authors: Guo B. , Dong X. T. , Yin W. Y. , Gan Y. B. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe dispersion characteristics of the dominant mode in V‐shaped microstrip lines are investigated using the finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method. Such V‐shaped microstrip lines are assumed to be fabricated on a single‐layer isotropic substrate. The hybrid effects of the inclined angle of the metal wall and the permittivity of the filling material on the effective permittivity and characteristic impedance are examined and compared. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 38: 320–323, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11049
An extension of the array decomposition method for large finite‐array analysis
Authors: Kindt Rick , Sertel K. , Topsakal E. , Volakis J. L. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractIn this paper, a method is presented for analyzing very large finite arrays of tapered‐slot antenna elements. The Toeplitz matrix property of regularly spaced arrays, combined with a parametrically truncated coupling radius, generates fixed matrix storage based on the coupling radius rather than array size, thus allowing very large problem analysis. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 38: 323–328, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11050
Radome‐protected low‐profile GSM antenna on small ground plane
Authors: Zaid Lakhdar , Staraj Robert 
Published: June 2003

AbstractA small radiating element, designed to work in the GSM frequency band, made up entirely of square parts on air substrate is described. The dimensions of the ground plane are only 1.3 times the dimensions of the radiating element. By stacking two square wire patches, the characteristics of compactness, large bandwidth, and monopolar wire radiation pattern can be achieved. Circular designs have been already been presented, however, compared to the circular plates solution, the new structure described in this paper allows an easier realization as well as a protective dielectric radome. Owing to its low‐profile, low‐cost, and radioelectric properties such as large bandwidth and dipolar‐type radiation pattern, this antenna is very suitable for automobile or indoor ceiling applications which require a very small ground plane. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 38: 328–331, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11051
Peri‐gastrulation development of the dasyurid marsupial Sminthopsis macroura (stripe‐faced dunnart) in vitro and evidence for patterning of the epiblast prior to gastrulation
Authors: Hickford Danielle , Selwood Lynne 
Published: June 2003

AbstractMarsupials are potentially excellent models for the study of gastrulation because of their superficial embryonic area (EA), post‐gastrulation implantation and their potential to provide information about the evolution of gastrulation. Very few studies have examined this developmental period in marsupials. Using an established developmental timetable, peri‐gastrula stage Sminthopsis macroura blastocysts were collected and described in detail by observations on live blastocysts and by the use of histological and immunohistochemical techniques on fixed blastocysts. Gastrulation in S. macroura shares several aspects common to that of both eutherian mammals and birds, but in terms of tissue arrangement and conceptus form, is more similar to the chick than other mammals. Two methods of culturing EA explants flat without their shell were devised. The techniques will markedly increase the number of possible experimental manipulations, which previously were limited by the presence of blastocyst investments. Exposure of fractions of explants of round, morphologically uniform pre‐gastrula stage EA to growth factors or signaling molecules implicated in vertebrate gastrulation suggests that like the chick and mouse, the marsupial epiblast is patterned prior to gastrulation. Of all factors tested, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) had the most prominent effect, promoting cell differentiation, and possible mesoderm formation. Data from explant culture suggests that similar to the chick and mouse, limited specification precedes the onset of gastrulation. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 65: 402–419, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects on in vitro embryo development and intracellular glutathione content of the presence of thiol compounds during maturation of prepubertal goat oocytes
Authors: Rodríguez‐González Elisabet , López‐Bejar Manel , Mertens María‐José , Paramio María‐Teresa 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe low number of embryos produced from in vitro matured, fertilized, and cultured (IVM–IVF–IVC) oocytes of prepubertal goat is mainly due to a low incidence of sperm head decondensation at fertilization (Martino et al., 1995: Theriogenology 43:473–485; Mogas et al., 1997: Theriogenology 48:815–829). Thiol compounds stimulate glutathione (GSH) synthesis and improve the rates of male pronucleus (MPN) formation and embryo development. The present study was carried out to determine whether supplementation of the IVM medium with 100 μM of cysteamine, 100 μM of β‐mercaptoethanol, 0.57 mM of cysteine, and 0.57 mM cystine might improve the embryo development and intracellular GSH level of prepubertal goat oocytes. After 27 hr post IVM, a sample of oocytes was frozen and the intracytoplasmic GSH content was evaluated by spectrophotometry. IVM‐oocytes were inseminated with fresh semen and cultured in SOF medium. Only the addition of cysteamine to IVM media significantly improved the percentage of the morula plus blastocyst yield compared to the control group (oocytes matured in absence of thiol compounds) (22.2 vs. 6.4%, respectively; P < 0.05). The percentage of expanded blastocysts in cysteamine and control groups was 13.0 and 2.6%, respectively, and the mean cell number per blastocyst was 86.8 and 60.5, respectively. None of the other thiol compounds studied significantly improved the percentage of embryos obtained. It has been demonstrated that prepubertal goat oocytes synthesize GSH during IVM and that thiol compounds increase this GSH synthesis. In conclusion, only the addition of 100 μM of cysteamine to the maturation medium improves embryo development from prepubertal goat oocytes although all the thiol compounds used in this study increased intracellular GSH content. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 65: 446–453, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bivariate spline method for numerical solution of time evolution Navier‐Stokes equations over polygons in stream function formulation
Authors: Lai Ming‐Jun , Liu Chun , Wenston Paul 
Published: June 2003

AbstractWe use a bivariate spline method to solve the time evolution Navier‐Stokes equations numerically. The bivariate splines we use in this article are in the spline space of smoothness r and degree 3r over triangulated quadrangulations. The stream function formulation for the Navier‐Stokes equations is employed. Galerkin's method is applied to discretize the space variables of the nonlinear fourth‐order equation, Crank‐Nicholson's method is applied to discretize the time variable, and Newton's iterative method is then used to solve the resulting nonlinear system. We show the existence and uniqueness of the weak solution in L2(0, T; H2(Ω)) ∩ L∞(0, T; H1(Ω)) of the 2D nonlinear fourth‐order problem and give an estimate of how fast the numerical solution converges to the weak solution. The C1 cubic splines are implemented in MATLAB for solving the Navier‐Stokes equations numerically. Our numerical experiments show that the method is effective and efficient. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 19: 776–827, 2003.
Global business in the Middle East
Authors: Hanson David P. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractW. Abdallah. 2001. Managing Multinationals in the Middle East: Accounting and Tax Issues.
Westport, CT: Quorum Press. 279 pages. ISBN 1‐56720‐267‐5.M. Kavoossi. 2001. The Globalization of Business in the Middle East: Opportunities and
Constraints. Westport, CT: Quorum Press. 161 pages. ISBN 1‐56720‐203‐9.
China and the WTO: The implications of membership in historical context
Authors: Stoltenberg Clyde D. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractChina's accession to the WTO can be seen as the culmination of not just a 15‐year negotiation but
also of a process that actually began 150 years ago with the projection of Western imperialist power into the
Chinese mainland. China now appears to have joined the global community on mutually agreeable terms. The
commitments China has made are significant and, if implemented, will facilitate continued change in the
nation's legal/regulatory structure for economic growth. WTO accession has many implications, both
economic and political, for China and the rest of the world; it is important not to forget historical
context and current realities in assessing them. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Laparoscopic oxidized cellulose (Surgicel) application for small uterine perforations
Authors: Sharma J.B. , Malhotra M. , Pundir P. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractObjectives: To test the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic oxidized cellulose application at the uterine perforation site. Methods: In a prospective study over a 3.5‐year period a total of 30 women undergoing combined surgical termination of pregnancy and laparoscopic sterilization who had a small uterine perforation were recruited. Oxidized cellulose (Surgicel) was inserted and attached to the perforation site with a laparoscope. The end point was sealing of the perforation and complete hemostasis. Laparotomy was performed if hemostasis was not achieved. Results: The mean age, parity and gestation were 31.4 years, 3.8 and 9.3 weeks. The perforations occurred in the fundal region (60%), anterior wall (16.7%), posterior wall (13.3%), upper lateral wall (3.3%) and lower lateral wall (6.7%). Mean size of perforations, respectively according to site were 4.3 mm, 3.2 mm, 3.4 mm, 3mm and 3.5 mm in the five groups. Laparoscopic oxidized cellulose application was successful in all women with fundal, anterior, posterior and upper lateral uterine wall perforations. In two women with perforations on the lower lateral wall, due to excessive blood loss, oxidized cellulose fell off; laparotomy was performed and hemostasis was achieved with sutures. All 28 laparoscopically‐treated women were discharged on the next day in good condition with no complications. Conclusions: Laparoscopic oxidized cellulose application appears to be a safe and effective treatment for small uterine perforations that are bleeding moderately.