bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of intra‐aortic balloon counterpulsation with different balloon volumes on cardiac performance in humans
Authors: Cohen Marc , Fasseas Panayotis , Singh Varinder P. , McBride Ruth , Orford James L. , Kussmaul William G. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIntra‐aortic balloon (IAB) counterpulsation can augment the cardiac output. However, the effect of different IAB volumes on cardiac performance has not been adequately evaluated in humans. Eighty‐two patients (52 males [63%]; mean age, 65 ± 12 years; mean body surface area [BSA], 1.8 ± 0.2 m2) had IAB counterpulsation for cardiogenic shock, refractory angina, and preoperatively for high‐risk cardiac surgery. Cardiac hemodynamics were prospectively studied during IAB with inflation volumes of 32 vs. 40 cc. Hemodynamic data collected included aortic pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, systemic and mixed venous oxygen saturations, and cardiac output (by Fick). Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was used to obtain both velocity time integrals (VTIs) and the area of the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT). Left ventricular stroke volume was then calculated as LVOT area × VTI. Cardiac output (CO) determined by the Fick method and VTI did not differ significantly (P = NS) between the two inflation volumes (y = 0.002 + 0.97×). In a subgroup of 33 patients with BSA ≤ 1.8 m2, the CO (by VTI) was slightly lower with IAB inflation volume of 32 vs. 40 cc (P = 0.05). Overall, smaller IAB inflation volumes do not affect the hemodynamic improvement seen during IAB counterpulsation. However, in patients with smaller BSA, larger inflation volumes may further augment CO. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;57:199–204. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Initial clinical experience with distal protection using the FilterWire in patients undergoing coronary artery and saphenous vein graft percutaneous intervention
Authors: Popma Jeffrey J. , Cox Nicholas , Hauptmann K. Eugene , Reifart Nicolaus , Virmani Renu , Emira Khaled , Murphy Sabina , Gibson C. Michael , Grube Eberhard 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPercutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of saphenous vein grafts (SVG) and native coronary arteries may be associated with embolization of particulate debris into the distal microcirculation. The FilterWire uses a polyurethane filter bag contained on a radiopaque loop to trap embolic debris during native vessel and SVG intervention. The objectives of this study were to assess the feasibility and safety of the FilterWire during PCI and to examine the size and content of the particulate debris captured during SVG and native vessel intervention. Early angiographic, in‐hospital, and 30‐day clinical outcomes were reviewed in 35 patients with 36 lesions treated with the FilterWire during PCI. Lesions were located in 22 (61%) native coronary arteries and in 14 (39%) SVGs. Multivessel coronary artery disease was present in 75% of patients. Lesions were complex (ACC/AHA complexity B2 or C) in 81% of cases. The FilterWire was successfully delivered and deployed distal to the site of coronary intervention in 92% of lesions, including 95% of native vessels and 82% of SVG lesions. Embolic debris was entrapped in 82% of these cases. The average particulate debris had a mean major axis of 490 μm (range, 45–3,302 μm) and minor axis of 226 μm (range, 33–1,677 μm). Although reduced flow was common (36.1%) when the FilterWire was in place, there were no sustained episodes of abrupt closure and only one (2.8%) patient developed sustained no‐reflow after FilterWire removal. Distal branch vessel embolization was found in four (11.1%) cases. Major adverse cardiac events occurred in 5 (14%) of 35 patients treated with the device, although 2 of these patients were evolving an acute myocardial infarction at the time of the procedure; in patients meeting the prospectively defined inclusion criteria, the major adverse cardiac event was 6%. These results suggest that the FilterWire is a feasible and safe method of collecting particulate debris released during SVG and native vessel coronary intervention. Its benefit over conventional therapy and other distal protection devices is currently under study. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;57:125–134. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enantiomeric recognition of amino acids using a chiral spiropyran derivative
Authors: Tsubaki Kazunori , Mukoyoshi Koichiro , Morikawa Hiroshi , Kinoshita Takayoshi , Fuji Kaoru 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAn optically active spiropyran 1 with a binaphthol moiety as a chiral source was synthesized. The colored merocyanine form of (R)‐1 obtained by the UV irradiation remained in the presence of D‐amino acids longer than with L‐amino acids. Chirality 14:713–715, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exo‐selective asymmetric diels‐alder reaction of acrylate ester
Authors: Kawamura Masato , Kudo Kazuaki 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDiels‐Alder reaction of 2‐acryloyloxy‐2′‐(2‐pyridylazo)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl with cyclopentadiene in the presence of an equimolar amount of tin(IV) chloride showed unusual exo‐selectivity with a high degree of diastereofacial differentiation. Chirality 14:727–730, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Must patients with advanced cancer choose between a Phase I trial and hospice?
Authors: Casarett David J. , Karlawish Jason H. T. , Henry Michelle I. , Hirschman Karen B. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDPhase I oncology trials offer no meaningful chance for direct medical benefit and they may prevent patients with advanced cancer from receiving palliative care in a hospice program. However, it is not known whether dual enrollment in a Phase I trial and hospice is feasible.METHODSFive hundred thirty‐four Phase I trials were identified in a national online database, of which 179 (34%) accepted patients with a life expectancy of less than 6 months. Of these, 50 were selected randomly. Their principal investigators were surveyed by fax, with follow‐up telephone calls and e‐mails. Ninety‐two hospices were selected randomly from a national database. Surveys were conducted by telephone with intake coordinators. Principal investigators were asked whether patients enrolled in hospice could also enroll in their trials if they were eligible in all other respects. Hospice intake coordinators were asked whether a patient with advanced cancer who met hospice eligibility criteria could also enroll in a Phase I trial.RESULTSSurveys were completed by 45 of 50 principal investigators (90%) and by 89 of 92 hospices (97%). Although both groups were in favor of dual enrollment, principal investigators (41 of 45; 91%) were more likely to support dual enrollment than hospices (60 of 89; 67%; chi‐square test, P = 0.004). Most hospices that did not support dual enrollment cited reasons that were based on concerns about payment or misunderstandings about the nature of Phase I trials.CONCLUSIONSMost hospices and Phase I principal investigators believe that eligible patients should be allowed to enroll simultaneously in hospice and Phase I trials. These results suggest that the choice between hospice and a Phase I trial is a false dilemma and that greater collaboration in this area is needed. Cancer 2002;95:1601–4. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10820
Efficacy of low‐dose topotecan in second‐line treatment for patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Gronlund Bo , Hansen Heine H. , Høgdall Claus , Engelholm Svend A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe high incidence of dose‐limiting myelosuppresion using the U.S. Food and Drug Administration‐approved topotecan dose of 1.5 mg/m2 for 5 days every 3 weeks may have limited its utility in the treatment of patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma. The objective of the study was to evaluate the treatment results and toxicity of a low‐dose topotecan regimen as second‐line treatment for patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma.METHODSA retrospective analysis was conducted of 203 consecutive patients with primary epithelial ovarian carcinoma who were referred to the Finsen Center during the period from June, 1996 to June, 2000. Eligibility criteria included histopathologically documented, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Stage IC–IV epithelial ovarian carcinoma; first‐line treatment with paclitaxel and a platinum compound; and second‐line treatment with topotecan (1.0 mg/m2 intravenously for 5 days every 3 weeks). Efficacy and toxicity were compared with published results from pivotal trials using the approved dose of topotecan of 1.5 mg/m2 for the same indication.RESULTSA total of 56 patients received second‐line treatment with the reduced‐dose topotecan regimen because of refractory, persistent, or recurrent disease. In the subgroup of patients with platinum‐resistant and paclitaxel‐resistant disease (n = 43 patients), the response rate of 11.6% (95% confidence interval [95%CI], 3.9–25.1%) was similar to the response rate of 12.4% (95%CI, 6.9–19.9%) in a pivotal trial using standard‐dose topotecan. In patients with platinum‐resistant and paclitaxel‐resistant disease, the median progression free survival and overall survival from the first day of second‐line topotecan treatment were 2.7 months (range, 0.7–19.5 months) and 6.0 months (range, 1.0–32.8 months), respectively. In a multivariate Cox analysis, the initial performance status (0 vs. 1–2; P = 0.040; hazard ratio [HR], 2.05) and the performance status at the time of second‐line treatment (0 vs. 1–2; P < 0.001; HR, 4.50) were identified as independent prognostic factors for overall survival from the start of second‐line treatment. Grade 4 neutropenia was noted in only 5.1% of reduced‐dose topotecan cycles (95%CI, 2.8–8.4%) compared with 33% and 57% of standard‐dose cycles in pivotal studies.CONCLUSIONSTopotecan at a dose of 1.0 mg/m2 has similar efficacy based on response rate and lower toxicity compared with the approved schedule of 1.5 mg/m2 for 5 days every 3 weeks in second‐line treatment for patients with platinum‐resistant and paclitaxel‐resistant epithelial ovarian carcinoma. However, a comparison of different topotecan doses and schedules preferably should be made in a randomized setting in well‐characterized populations with regard to established prognostic factors. Cancer 2002;95:1656–62. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10838
Transcriptional expression profiles of oral squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Méndez Eduardo , Cheng Chun , Farwell D. Gregory , Ricks Sherianne , Agoff S. Nicholas , Futran Neal D. , Weymuller Ernest A. , Maronian Nicole C. , Zhao Lue Ping , Chen Chu 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDCurrently, the classification of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) depends heavily on the clinical and pathologic examination of tissue. This system can lead to the classification of potentially heterogeneous tumors into single groups when they may have different degrees of aggressiveness. No system to date has incorporated genetic changes as a factor by which to classify OSCC tumors.METHODSTo test the hypothesis that OSCC has a genome‐wide genetic expression profile that differs from normal oral tissue and that transcriptional expression profiling can be used to characterize the heterogeneity among tumors, the authors examined the genetic expression profiles of 26 invasive squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity and oropharynx, 2 premalignant lesions, and 18 normal oral tissue samples using oligonucleotide arrays that contained probes representing approximately 7000 full‐length human genes.RESULTSUsing hierarchical clustering analysis, the data show that oral carcinomas are distinguishable from normal oral tissue based on genome‐wide transcriptional expression patterns. However, there is genetic expression profile heterogeneity among tumors of a particular histopathologic grade and stage. In addition, using a statistical approach that integrated normalization and regression analysis, the authors found 314 genes that were expressed differentially in the OSCC samples with statistical significance (P ≤ 0.05). Of these, 239 genes were overexpressed in the OSCC samples, whereas 75 genes were down‐regulated.CONCLUSIONSNo statistically significant differences in gene expression were found between early‐stage disease and late‐stage disease or between metastatic tumors and nonmetastatic tumors. The implications of these findings for the prediction of clinical outcome and for the discovery of new OSCC tumor markers are discussed. Cancer 2002;95:1482–94. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10875
Characterization of 11 human sarcoma cell strains
Authors: Hu Mei , Nicolson Garth L. , Trent Jonathan C. , Yu Dihua , Zhang Lianglin , Lang Aiqing , Killary Ann , Ellis Lee M. , Bucana Corazon D. , Pollock Raphael E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDHuman sarcomas have a propensity for aggressive local invasion and early pulmonary metastasis. Frequently, deaths are due to uncontrolled pulmonary metastases. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate cytogenetics, tumorigenicity, metastatic potential, and production of angiogenic factors in human sarcoma cell strains. A secondary purpose was to establish low passage cell strains for studying new therapeutic approaches.METHODSThe authors established 11 cell strains from human sarcoma surgical specimens and characterized their in vitro tumor properties, including growth in soft agar, expression of angiogenic growth factors (vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF] and basic‐fibroblast growth factor [bFGF]), and cytogenetics.RESULTSAll of the cell strains remained diploid. All exhibited the ability to grow in soft agar and expressed both VEGF as well as bFGF. In addition, 6 of the 11 established sarcoma cell strains were tumorigenic, 5 of which spontaneously metastasized to the lungs in nude mice. Four of the five cell strains that yielded lung metastases were derived from lung metastases in patients.CONCLUSIONSThe 11 cell strains, which were derived from diverse sarcoma histologies, will provide a model for studying not only metastatic progression but also the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of new therapeutic modalities for human sarcomas. Cancer 2002;95:1569–76. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10879
Correlated morphological and chemical phenotyping in myenteric type V neurons of porcine ileum
Authors: Brehmer Axel , Schrödl Falk , Neuhuber Winfried 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe study was aimed at the immunohistochemical characterization of myenteric Stach type V neurons of the pig ileum that were not included in the widely used Dogiel classification. So far, this conspicuous population has been defined morphologically on the basis of silver‐impregnated specimens only. By using neurofilament immunohistochemistry, type V neurons that occur singly or in aggregates could be identified unequivocally and could be distinguished from other smoothly contoured myenteric neurons, i.e., type II and type IV. Double‐labeling immunohistochemistry revealed a number of potentially neuroactive substances or their synthesizing enzymes to be present in type V neurons. Choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity (‐ir) was found in all type V neurons, whereas neuronal nitric oxide synthase was detected in none. Leu‐enkephalin‐ir was found within 92.3%, somatostatin (SOM)‐ir within 91.1%, calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP)‐ir within 80.6% and met‐enkephalin‐ir within 74.7% of type V neurons. Triple‐labeling immunohistochemistry was applied to address the question of a specific chemical coding for myenteric type V neurons. In contrast to other combinations of neuroactive substances/enzymes that were found in both type V and other, nontype V neurons, SOM/CGRP‐ir was the only combination observed exclusively within type V neurons. Both substances were colocalized in 79.3% of type V neurons. This colocalization discriminates four‐fifths of the type V neurons chemically from both type II neurons (CGRP positive, SOM negative) and type IV neurons (CGRP negative, SOM positive), which both share, at first glance, a similar morphology with type V neurons. These results further support the concept of a close correlation between morphologically defined neuronal type and chemical coding and, it is likely, also function in the enteric nervous system of larger mammals. J. Comp. Neurol. 453:1–9, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synaptic vesicle protein synaptoporin is differently expressed by subpopulations of mouse hippocampal neurons
Authors: Singec Ilyas , Knoth Rolf , Ditter Margarethe , Hagemeyer Christoph E. , Rosenbrock Holger , Frotscher Michael , Volk Benedikt 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn the hippocampus, the synaptic vesicle protein synaptoporin (SPO) has been reported to be exclusively enriched in the granule cell axons, the mossy fibers. In this study, we show that in adult rats and mice SPO immunoreactivity (IR) is also detectable in strata oriens, radiatum, and lacunosum‐moleculare of CA1–CA3, as well as perisomatically in the hippocampus proper and fascia dentata. In situ hybridization confirmed that SPO mRNA was present in granule cells and CA3 pyramidal cells but not in CA1 pyramidal cells. Importantly, cells scattered throughout the hippocampal layers resembling the distribution of interneurons were found to synthesize high amounts of SPO mRNA, too. Thus, these findings indicate that SPO expression in the hippocampus was underestimated until now. Moreover, double‐labeling immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy revealed selective colocalization of SPO and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD 65), a marker for γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic terminals. To identify SPO expressing interneurons, in situ hybridization was combined with immunocytochemistry against parvalbumin (PV), calbindin (CB), calretinin (CR), cholecystokinin (CCK), and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). We found that SPO transcripts were differentially expressed by various interneuron subpopulations in the hippocampus of C57Bl/6 mice (PV 44.2%, CB 46.3%, CR 19.3%, CCK 38.6%, VIP 59.9%). Immunoelectron microscopy for SPO labeled synaptic vesicle profiles in distinct symmetric and asymmetric synapses. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that hippocampal principal cells and interneurons display a variety of synaptic vesicles that are likely to contribute to the functional characteristics of their output synapses. J. Comp. Neurol. 452:139–153, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cell block findings from Residual PreservCyt™ samples in unsatisfactory ThinPrep® Paps: No additional benefit
Authors: Kabbani Wareef , Raisanen Jack , Thomas Shala , Saboorian M. Hossein , Ashfaq Raheela 
Published: October 2002

AbstractOur objective was to determine whether cell blocks (CB) performed on unsatisfactory ThinPrep Pap Test™ residual samples rendered additional clinically significant pathologic findings not detected in the original ThinPrep® Pap smears. One hundred consecutive ThinPrep® Paps categorized as unsatisfactory were selected for this study. The cytologic diagnosis of unsatisfactory was based on lack of cellularity (squamous) or complete obscuring blood or inflammation. Residual PreservCyt™ samples from these consecutive unsatisfactory ThinPrep® Paps were used to prepare a cell block, using the inverted filter technique. One hematoxylin‐eosin (H&E)‐stained slide was prepared and evaluated. The amount and the cellular changes were noted for all smear constituents and compared with the original slides. The average patient age was 32 ± 11 yr. The ThinPrep® Pap was performed as a follow‐up on a previous abnormal smear (12%), pregnancy (25%), abnormal bleeding (22%), or previous unsatisfactory ThinPrep® Pap (5%), or as routine screening (36%). Variable amounts of endocervical cells, endometrial cells, and metaplastic cells, as well as a variable number of squamous epithelial cells, were present in 89%, 9%, 50%, and 35% in the CB method vs. ThinPrep®, respectively. Abnormal cellular changes were noted in 15% of patients (9% with LSIL, and 6% with atypia of undetermined significance); 9 patients with squamous dysplasia had a previous abnormal ThinPrep® Pap. A follow‐up Pap smear and/or cervical biopsy were performed in 10 of the 15 patients with abnormal cytology detected on CB method revealing: LSIL (1 patient), HSIL (1 patient), ASCUS (1 patient), and within normal limits (7 patients). The findings indicate that the preparation of a CB does not contribute significantly. Importantly, no carcinomas or HSILs were identified on CB preparations. Since a large majority of lesions identified were LSILs, a repeat Pap smear in these cases represented a more cost‐effective strategy than cell block preparation, although a cell block preparation may be useful in selected cases. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;27:238–243. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Talsaclidine (WAL 2014 FU), a muscarinic M1receptor agonist for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Wienrich Marion , Ceci Angelo , Ensinger Helmut A. , Gaida Wolfram , Mendla Klaus D. , Osugi Takeshi , Raschig Andreas , Weiser Thomas 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSince the discovery of muscarinic receptor subtypes, extensive research has been going on attempting to provide treatments for diseases related to malfunctions of cholinergic receptors. In Alzheimer's disease, the prevailing symptomatology is a progressive decline in cognitive functions that can be related to a continuing degeneration of cholinergic neurons. Postsynaptic muscarinic M1receptors, however, do not decline in number during the course of the disease. Talsaclidine is a functionally selective muscarinic M1receptor agonist that has been developed for the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer's disease. In functional pharmacological assays, talsaclidine was shown to be a full agonist at M1receptors while having only partial agonist activities at M2‐ and M3receptors. In animal studies, this translated into central cholinergic activation measured in rabbits, cats and rats by EEG recordings, and in an improvement of performance in learning and memory tests in aged animals or in animals with experimentally‐induced cholinergic hypofunction. In these studies, cholinergic side effects became apparent in doses higher than those inducing cognitive improvement. In addition to effects increasing cognitive functions, stimulation of M1receptors that belong to the class of G protein‐coupled, seven transmembrane receptors may have a positive impact on the progression of the disease. Talsaclidine was shown to increase the secretion of the neurotrophic ectodomain of the amyloid precursor protein while simultaneously decreasing the formation of the amyloid β (Aβ) protein that constitutes the amyloid plaques, one of the neuropathological hallmarks of the disease. In Alzheimer patients, talsaclidine decreased the concentration of Aβ in the cerebrospinal fluid. Despite these encouraging data, talsaclidine failed to improve cognitive symptoms when Alzheimer patients were treated for 3 months. This confirms reports from other muscarinic agonists, none of which has convincingly demonstrated clinical efficacy, and points to the fact that either the pharmacological profile of current M1receptor agonists still needs improvement or that muscarinic receptor stimulation alone does not suffice to improve the condition of Alzheimer patients. Drug Dev. Res. 56:321–334, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.