bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Presence ofPlanktothrixsp. and cyanobacterial toxins in Lake Ammersee, Germany and their impact on whitefish (Coregonus lavaretusL.)
Authors: Ernst Bernhard , Hitzfeld Bettina , Dietrich Daniel 
Published: November 2004

AbstractDue to the increasing oligotrophy of Lake Ammersee, southern Germany, metalimnicPlanktothrixhave become one of the dominant planktonic species causing regular blooms. Whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) is the dominant local fish species with great importance for the fishing industry. Recently, whole age groups of this fish species have disappeared and since 1991, average body‐weight has decreased. The causes for this remain unclear.Planktothrixspecies produce the cyclic peptide toxin desmethyl microcystin‐RR, which inhibits glycogen metabolism and has detrimental effects on the development of aquatic organisms. During blooms, gut contents of whitefish displayed a blue discoloration, possibly representing phycobiliproteins typical for cyanobacteria. This study aimed to elucidate the impact ofPlanktothrixblooms on fish population dynamics.Planktothrixcell counts, performed by epifluorescence microscopy, showed blooms to contain up to 80,000 cells/ml. Microcystin levels of 1−5μg/mg dry weight inPlanktothrixextracts and 0.08μg/l in water samples, were determined via HPLC and protein‐phosphatase inhibition assay.Planktothrixfilaments were detected in gut contents of whitefish. In addition, microcystins could be detected in gut contents via ELISA. Similarly, immunoprobing with microcystin‐antibodies demonstrated microcystin‐protein adducts in liver homogenates of whitefish caught duringPlanktothrixblooms. Furthermore,Planktothrixextracts proved cytotoxic to trout hepatocytes as determined by MTT reduction. Whitefish eggs and larvae, obtained during blooms in winter 1998 and 2000 in a Lake Ammersee hatchery, were studied for developmental progress. Malformations typical for cyanobacterial toxin exposure were observed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Environ Toxicol 16: 483–488, 2001
The effects of the ciliate Paramecium cf. caudatum Ehrenberg on toxin producing Cylindrospermopsis isolated from the Fitzroy River, Australia
Authors: Fabbro Larelle , Baker Melanie , Duivenvoorden Leo , Pegg Graham , Shiel Russ 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe large ciliate Paramecium cf. caudatum Ehrenberg was found to be a successful grazer of toxin producing Cylindrospermopsis in the laboratory. The feeding rate increased with increasing cell concentration to 1367 cell animal hr−1 at 4.1×105 cells mL−1 but declined slightly at cell concentrations greater than this. Preliminary studies on the effects of this grazing on toxin concentrations in cultures of both straight and coiled forms of Cylindrospermopsis resulted in the production of different amounts of the toxin cylindrospermopsin in the different isolates. Differences in toxin production were also found between cultured and field populations from the lower Fitzroy River indicating that toxin production may be influenced by a suite of genetic and environmental factors. The proven ability of this ciliate to graze toxic Cylindrospermopsis provides some insight into interactions that may be able to control some toxic blooms in semiarid Australian conditions. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 16: 489–497, 2001
Distribution of 14C cylindrospermopsin in vivo in the mouse
Authors: Norris R. L. G. , Seawright A. A. , Shaw G. R. , Smith M. J. , Chiswell R. K. , Moore M. R. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractRadiolabelled 14C cylindrospermopsin (CYN) has been prepared and used to investigate the distribution and excretion of CYN in vivo in male Quackenbush mice. At a dose of 0.2 mg/kg (i.e., approx. median lethal dose) the following mean (SD) urinary and faecal recoveries (cumulative) were obtained, respectively: (0–6 hours, n=4) 48.2 (29.3)%, 11.9 (21.4)%; (0–12 hours, n=12) 66.0 (27.1)%, 5.7 (5.6)%; (0–24 hours, n=12) 68.4 (26.7)%, 8.5 (8.1)%. Mean (SD) recoveries from livers at 6 hours were 20.6 (6.4)% (n=4), at 48 hours 13.1 (7.7)% (n=8), and 5–7 days were 2.1 (2.1)% (n=8). A substantial amount (up to 23%) can be retained in the liver for up to 48 hours with a lesser amount retained in the kidneys. The excretion patterns show substantial interindividual variability between predominantly faecal or urinary excretion, but these patterns are not related in any simple manner to the outcome in terms of toxicity. There is at least one methanol‐extractable metabolite as well as a nonmethanol‐extractable metabolite in the liver. The methanol‐extractable metabolite was not found in the kidney and is more hydrophilic than CYN itself on reverse phase. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Environ Toxicol 16: 498–505, 2001
Identification of cyanobacteria and their toxigenicity in environmental samples by rapid molecular analysis
Authors: Baker Judith A. , Neilan Brett A. , Entsch Barrie , Mckay David B. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe report molecular analyses which identify cyanobacterial strains present in environmental samples. These analyses do not require the isolation and culture of strains. Identification of cyanobacteria used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), based on the phycocyanin operon. Differentiation was either by restriction endonuclease digestion (restriction fragment length polymorphisms) or sequencing of the PCR products. Identification was based on sequence homology of the intergenic spacer region (IGS) between the β‐ and α‐phycocyanin subunits (PC‐IGS) with database records. We have found that the length and sequence of the PC‐IGS is capable of predicting the genus accurately, but not the species. Toxigenicity was determined with oligonucleotide probes for key steps in the microcystin toxin synthesis pathway. We have shown that it is possible to easily and routinely obtain PCR amplification products and differentiate the strains in bloom samples. The methods can detect even minor components in bloom samples, which may not be apparent on microscopic examination. Genetic probes for microcystin toxigenicity are effective on environmental samples, eliminating the need for isolation and culture of the organisms. The use of a suite of tests described here will allow water managers to determine the presence and the type of cyanobacteria and their microcystin toxigenicity. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Environ Toxicol 16: 472–482, 2001
Sublethal effects of chronic exposure to an organochlorine compound on northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) tadpoles
Authors: Glennemeier Karen A. , Denver Robert J. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractGlobal contamination with organochlorine compounds (OCs) has posed developmental and reproductive problems in wildlife worldwide. However, little is known about the impact of OCs or other pollutants on amphibians, despite mounting concerns about amphibian population declines and developmental deformities in the wild. Wildlife populations may be affected critically by sublethal impacts of anthropogenic disturbances, yet little research has focused on such effects in amphibians. In the current study, northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) tadpoles were chronically exposed to a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener, 77‐TCB, and effects on behavior, morphology, competitive performance, and corticosterone content were determined. R. pipiens activity levels and feeding rates were decreased by 77‐TCB exposure, but morphology of mouthparts and body proportions were unaffected. 77‐TCB enhanced growth and altered competitive interactions between R. pipiens and wood frog (Rana sylvatica) tadpoles. R. pipiens tadpoles exposed to 77‐TCB showed decreased whole‐body corticosterone content compared to controls both before and after injection with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). All of the factors examined in the current study play critical roles in tadpole development, growth, survivorship, and eventual reproductive success, suggesting negative population‐level consequences for amphibians in PCB‐contaminated habitats. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Environ Toxicol 16: 287–297, 2001
Prenatal diagnosis of Shone's syndrome: parental counseling and clinical outcome
Authors: Zucker N. , Levitas A. , Zalzstein E. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a series of fetuses diagnosed as having Shone's syndrome, which includes four cardiac defects and for which there is a wide variety of clinical presentations, surgical treatments and outcomes, and to discuss the counseling strategy.MethodsWe reviewed retrospectively the records of four babies who were suspected prenatally to have Shone's syndrome.ResultsThe mean age at diagnosis was 27.5 (range, 22–35) weeks. A small left ventricle, mitral and aortic annulus and ascending aorta were detected in three cases. In three fetuses there was an abnormal mitral valve apparatus and in two fetuses a sub‐aortic membrane was detected. Coarctation of the aorta was an impending diagnosis in three babies. Following counseling, all parents decided to continue the pregnancy to term. Echocardiographic evaluation was performed soon after birth. The mean mitral valve annulus diameter was 8.2 (range, 7–10) mm, and that of the aortic valve annulus was 6 (range, 5–7) mm. The aortic valve was bicuspid in all babies with an additional sub‐aortic membrane in two babies. Doppler ultrasound examination revealed high‐velocity flow through the mitral valve in three babies; two of them had a parachute mitral valve. Coarctation repair was performed in two babies during the first week of life. One patient underwent mitral valvuloplasty followed by later mitral valve replacement. All patients were alive after a mean of 7.8 (range, 3.3–10.5) years' follow‐up.ConclusionWhen counseling families regarding fetal Shone's syndrome, it is important to emphasize the wide variety of clinical presentations and possible outcomes. Differentiation between hypoplastic left ventricle and Shone's complex is crucial and may influence the physician's attitude, the presentation of the case to the family and the family's final decision. Copyright © 2004 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An anatomical fetal brain structure and a normal variant mimicking anomalies on routine neurosonographic imaging: report of two cases
Authors: Correa F. F. , Lara C. , Bellver J. , Remohí J. , Pellicer A. , Serra V. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe present two cases in which an anatomical structure, the calcar avis, and a normal variant, a bifid choroid plexus, mimicked abnormalities on routine prenatal ultrasound examination. To the best of our knowledge these pitfalls have only been described in neonates. A familiarity with these false images is important to avoid erroneous diagnoses. Copyright © 2004 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The classification of genusAnopheles(Diptera: Culicidae): a working hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships
Authors: Harbach R.E. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe internal classification of genusAnophelesis updated to reflect taxonomic actions published since the classification was last reviewed in 1994. Both formal and informal taxa are included. The classification is intended to aid researchers and students who are interested in analysing species relationships, making group comparisons and testing phylogenetic hypotheses. The genus includes 444 formally named and 40 provisionally designated extant species divided between six subgenera:Anopheles,Cellia,Kerteszia,Lophopodomyia,NyssorhynchusandStethomyia. SubgeneraAnopheles,CelliaandNyssorhynchusare subdivided hierarchically into nested informal groups of morphologically similar species that are believed to represent monophyletic lineages based on morphological similarity. Changes to the classification include additional species, eliminated species and changes to the hierarchical organization and composition of supraspecific groups, some as a result of molecular studies.
Biological control of house flies Musca domestica and stable flies Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae) by means of inundative releases of Spalangia cameroni (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)
Authors: Skovgård H. , Nachman G. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe efficacy of the pupal parasitoid Spalangia cameroni Perkins as a biological control agent was tested against house flies Musca domestica Linnaeus and stable flies Stomoxys calcitrans (Linnaeus) in one dairy cattle and two pig installations in Denmark. Weekly releases of S. cameroni from April through to September–October 1999 and 2000 resulted in significant suppressions of house fly populations to below nuisance level, whereas no effect on stable flies was found. Parasitism was significantly higher in the release years compared to the control years, but was below 25% averaged over the fly season for each farm. A statistical model based on a functional relationship between the innate capacity of increase of the two fly species and three explanatory variables (air temperature, fly density and parasitism) provided a fairly good fit to data with the abundances of house flies and stable flies explained mostly by temperature, but intra- and interspecific competition, and parasitism had a significant effect as well. Overall, the model was capable of explaining 14% and 6.6% of the total variation in data for house fly and stable fly, respectively. Spalangia cameroni was the predominant parasitoid to emerge from exposed house fly pupae, but from mid summer onwards Muscidifurax raptor Girault & Sanders (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) was also quite common. The study indicated that biological control of house flies can be an efficient alternative to chemical control.
Evaluating legume species as alternative trap crops to chickpea for management of Helicoverpa spp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in central Queensland cotton cropping systems
Authors: Grundy P.R. , Sequeira R.V. , Short K.S. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractMounting levels of insecticide resistance within Australian Helicoverpa spp. populations have resulted in the adoption of non-chemical IPM control practices such as trap cropping with chickpea, Cicer arietinum (L.). However, a new leaf blight disease affecting chickpea in Australia has the potential to limit its use as a trap crop. Therefore this paper evaluates the potential of a variety of winter-active legume crops for use as an alternative spring trap crop to chickpea as part of an effort to improve the area-wide management strategy for Helicoverpa spp. in central Queensland's cotton production region. The densities of Helicoverpa eggs and larvae were compared over three seasons on replicated plantings of chickpea, Cicer arietinum (L.), field pea Pisum sativum (L), vetch, Vicia sativa (L.) and faba bean, Vicia faba from the plants after oviposition. Plantings of field pea as a replacement trap crop for chickpea under commercial conditions confirmed the high level of attractiveness of this crop to ovipositing moths. The use of field pea as a trap crop as part of an area-wide management programme for Helicoverpa spp. is discussed.
Laboratory evaluations of a wild crucifer Barbarea vulgaris as a management tool for the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)
Authors: Lu Jian-hua , Liu Shu-sheng , Shelton A.M. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe term ‘dead-end trap cropping’ has recently been proposed to identify a plant that is highly attractive for oviposition by an insect pest, but on which offspring of the pest cannot survive. The potential of the wild crucifer Barbarea vulgaris R. Br. to allure and serve as a dead-end trap crop for the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (L.), an important pest of cruciferous crops worldwide, was examined in laboratory experiments. When P. xylostella adults were provided with a dual-choice of plants of B. vulgaris, and Chinese cabbage Brassica campestris (L.), in one arena, adult moths laid 2.5–6.8 times more eggs on the former than on the latter. When P. xylostella adults were provided with a dual-choice of plants of B. vulgaris and common cabbage Brassica oleracea L., adult moths laid virtually all their eggs on the former and ignored the latter. Nearly all P. xylostella eggs laid on the three species of plants hatched successfully, but nearly all individuals on plants of B. vulgaris died as neonates or early instar larvae, while 87–100% of the larvae on Chinese cabbage and common cabbage survived to pupation. Dual choice tests with a Y-tube olfactometer showed that volatiles from B. vulgaris were much more attractive to P. xylostella adults than those from common cabbage. The results demonstrate that B. vulgaris has a great potential as a dead-end trap crop for improving management of P. xylostella. Factors that may influence the feasibility of using B. vulgaris as a trap crop in the field are discussed, and ways to utilize this plant are proposed.
Sex ratios of Sitodiplosis mosellana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae): implications for pest management in wheat (Poaceae)
Authors: Smith M.A.H. , Wise I.L. , Lamb R.J. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractSex ratios of populations of the wheat midge Sitodiplosis mosellana Géhin, developing on wheat Triticum aestivum L., were determined at reproduction, adult emergence, and dispersal. The patterns of sex ratio through the life cycle of S. mosellana result from: (i) a genetic mechanism that causes all or nearly all of the progeny of individual females to be a single sex, with an overall sex ratio that is slightly biased at 54–57% females; (ii) a differential mortality during diapause that increases the sex ratio to 60–65% females; (iii) mating which occurs near the emergence site followed by female dispersal which causes the post-dispersal sex ratio to rise to nearly 100% females; and (iv) oviposition which spreads eggs among different plants and assures that the next generation has a local sex ratio close to the population average. These changes in sex ratio through the life cycle have implications for using crop resistance or pheromones to manage S. mosellana, because mating takes place quickly near emergence sites, and because mated females but not males disperse from emergence sites to oviposition sites. Crop refuges used to protect resistance genes against the evolution of virulence by S. mosellana must be interspersed to prevent assortative mating that would occur in separate blocks of resistant and susceptible plants. Monitoring or mating disruption using a pheromone would be ineffective when wheat is grown in rotation with a non-host crop.
Treatment of acquired hemophilia by the Bonn-Malmö Protocol: documentation of an in vivo immunomodulating concept
Authors: Zeitler Heike , Ulrich-Merzenich Gudrun , Hess Lothar , Konsek Eligius , Unkrig Christoph , Walger Peter , Vetter Hans , Brackmann Hans-Hermann 
Published: November 2004

AbstractAcquired hemophilia (AH) is an extremely rare condition in which autoantibodies (inhibitors) against clotting factor VIII induce acute and life-threatening hemorrhagic diathesis because of abnormal blood clotting. The mortality rate of AH is as high as 16%, and current treatment options are associated with adverse side effects. We investigated a therapeutic approach for AH called the modified Bonn-Malmö Protocol (MBMP). The aims of MBMP include suppression of bleeding, permanent elimination of inhibitors, and development of immune tolerance, thereby avoiding long-term reliance on coagulation products. The protocol included immunoadsorption for inhibitor elimination, factor VIII substitution, intravenous immunoglobulin, and immunosuppression. Thirty-five high-titer patients with critical bleeding who underwent MBMP were evaluated. Bleeding was rapidly controlled during 1 or 2 apheresis sessions, and no subsequent bleeding episodes occurred. Inhibitor levels decreased to undetectable levels within a median of 3 days (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 2-4 days), factor substitution was stopped within a median of 12 days (95% CI, 11-17 days), and treatment was completed within a median of 14 days (95% CI, 12-17 days). Long-term follow-up (7 months-7 years) showed an overall response rate of 88% for complete remission (CR). When cancer patients were excluded, the CR rate was 97%.
Treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma with Epstein-Barr virus–specific T lymphocytes
Authors: Straathof Karin C. M. , Bollard Catherine M. , Popat Uday , Huls M. Helen , Lopez Teresita , Morriss M. Craig , Gresik Mary V. , Gee Adrian P. , Russell Heidi V. , Brenner Malcolm K. , Rooney Cliona M. , Heslop Helen E. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractConventional treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) frequently fails and is accompanied by severe long-term side effects. Since virtually all undifferentiated NPCs are associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), this tumor is an attractive candidate for cellular immunotherapy targeted against tumor-associated viral antigens. We now demonstrate that EBV-specific cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) lines can readily be generated from individuals with NPC, notwithstanding the patients' prior exposure to chemotherapy/radiation. A total of 10 patients diagnosed with advanced NPC were treated with autologous CTLs. All patients tolerated the CTLs, although one developed increased swelling at the site of pre-existing disease. At 19 to 27 months after infusion, 4 patients treated in remission from locally advanced disease remain disease free. Of 6 patients with refractory disease prior to treatment, 2 had complete responses, and remain in remission over 11 to 23 months after treatment; 1 had a partial remission that persisted for 12 months; 1 has had stable disease for more than 14 months; and 2 had no response. These results demonstrate that administration of EBV-specific CTLs to patients with advanced NPC is feasible, appears to be safe, and can be associated with significant antitumor activity.
Early and long-term outcome of elective stenting of the infarct-related artery in patients with viability in the infarct-area: Rationale and design of the Viability-guided Angioplasty after acute Myocardial Infarction-trial (The VIAMI-trial)
Authors: van Loon Ramon B , Veen Gerrit , Kamp Otto , Bronzwaer Jean GF , Visser Cees A , Visser Frans C 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Background
Although percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is becoming the standard therapy in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), to date most patients, even in developed countries, are reperfused with intravenous thrombolysis or do not receive a reperfusion therapy at all. In the post-lysis period these patients are at high risk for recurrent ischemic events. Early identification of these patients is mandatory as this subgroup could possibly benefit from an angioplasty of the infarct-related artery.
Since viability seems to be related to ischemic adverse events, we initiated a clinical trial to investigate the benefits of PCI with stenting of the infarct-related artery in patients with viability detected early after acute myocardial infarction.

Methods
The VIAMI-study is designed as a prospective, multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Patients who are hospitalized with an acute myocardial infarction and who did not have primary or rescue PCI, undergo viability testing by low-dose dobutamine echocardiography (LDDE) within 3 days of admission. Consequently, patients with demonstrated viability are randomized to an invasive or conservative strategy. In the invasive strategy patients undergo coronary angiography with the intention to perform PCI with stenting of the infarct-related coronary artery and concomitant use of abciximab. In the conservative group an ischemia-guided approach is adopted (standard optimal care).
The primary end point is the composite of death from any cause, reinfarction and unstable angina during a follow-up period of three years.

Conclusion
The primary objective of the VIAMI-trial is to demonstrate that angioplasty of the infarct-related coronary artery with stenting and concomitant use of abciximab results in a clinically important risk reduction of future cardiac events in patients with viability in the infarct-area, detected early after myocardial infarction.