bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Head lice‐induced anemia in a child and implications for oral health: Case report
Authors: Gilani Maleeha , Anthonappa Robert 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPediculosis capitis, colloquially referred to as head lice, engenders adverse social and economic consequences among children. While generally not considered a health hazard, chronic and severe head lice infestations have been linked to secondary iron‐deficiency anemia. This case report documents a 7‐year‐old girl who presented for dental treatment with a history of social isolation and poor school attendance. Upon examination, the patient was found to have head lice and scabies infestations, resulting in secondary iron‐deficiency anemia. The patient could return to full‐time education after successful treatment for the head lice infestation administered by the dental team. This case underscores the need for treatment guidelines to manage children with diagnosed or suspected cases of head lice from a dental perspective. In instances of severe infestation, referral to a medical professional may be necessary for further management. This report highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in managing head lice infestations and its implications on dental management.
On the origin of chevron marks and striated grooves, and their use in predicting mud bed rheology
Authors: McGowan Dylan , Salian Amisha , Baas Jaco H. , Peakall Jeff , Best Jim 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUnderstanding of the formative conditions of many sole structures is limited, with chevron marks and striated groove marks being particularly enigmatic. These sedimentary structures are examined here through laboratory modelling. An idealized tool, resembling an armoured mud clast, was dragged through substrates of kaolinite–seawater mixtures of different yield strengths while submerged in seawater. The experiments suggest that armoured mud clasts are the likely tools producing fine striae in striated grooves and, given the common occurrence of striated groove marks in outcrops, that these clasts are more prevalent in deep‐marine settings than previously thought. Chevron marks were observed to form over a narrow range of substrate yield stresses, likely explaining their relative rarity. Furthermore, their form is shown to be a function of substrate rheology, with chevron angle relative to the movement direction of the tool being less in weaker substrates. Moreover, the size of cut chevron marks, characterized by a narrow central cut, bears no relationship to the size of the incising tool, but rather reflects a substrate with a low yield stress that is sufficiently mobile to close behind the tool. In contrast, interrupted chevron marks, characterized by a distinct central groove, reflect greater substrate strength. Striated grooves without chevrons formed at the highest yield stresses simulated in the experiments. The relationship between tool mark type and yield stress, in combination with changes in chevron angle, enables these sole structures to be utilized as indicators of palaeosubstrate rheology. The conditions required to preserve such features include a prolonged period of bed consolidation, flow bypass and lack of bioturbation. Given changes in seafloor communities and bioturbation over time and their impact on substrate rheology, particularly during the early Palaeozoic, the present work supports the idea that the frequency of these sole structures likely changed over geological time.
Assessment of the photoprotection properties of hair cosmetics using the hemispherical directional reflectance method
Authors: Stolecka‐Warzecha Anna , Wilczyński Sławomir , Bożek Małgorzata , Libionka Sylwia , Chmielewski Łukasz 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundSolar radiation is responsible for changes in the structure of human hair, the damages include proteins (65%–95%), lipids, and melanin. The aim was to examine the effectiveness of sunscreen in hair cosmetics and whether hair color affects it.Materials and MethodsThe study included nine women, divided according to hair color to three groups: light, dark, and gray hair. The 410‐Solar reflectometer was used in five time points. The hair was divided into three strands, one product applied to each.ResultsDark hair showed the highest absorption of radiation in all wavelength ranges, the reflectance before products application was significantly higher than the hair reflectance immediately after application. The effect of sunscreens on light hair reflectance was found at wavelengths 400 and 720 nm and between 1000 and 2500 nm, the reflectance before application was significantly higher than the reflectance after. The use of products on gray hair did not have a significant effect on hair reflectance at wavelengths 400–1100 nm, the effect of sunscreens on the gray hair reflectance was observed in the UV and infrared range, the reflectance before application was significantly higher than immediately after.ConclusionsThe results showed that the 410‐Solar reflectometer is useful to assess the effectiveness of hair sunscreens. All three tested hair products do not show the expected protection properties. Dark hair showed the highest absorption of radiation in all wavelength ranges, suggesting that dark hair should be more protected against radiation than light and gray hair.
Supporting mathematics preservice teachers in noticing for equity
Authors: Graham Melissa , Roth McDuffie Amy 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine mathematics preservice teacher (PST) learning to notice for equity as they participated in an experimental, practice‐based methods course. Activities intended to support PST learning included the use of equity‐based lenses in video analysis, live lesson observations, and case study analysis. We analyzed PSTs' noticing for equity throughout the course and examined both the foci and depth of their noticing. We focused on three case study participants for an in‐depth investigation of trends in their noticing. We present how PSTs attended to and made sense of equity at the beginning and end of the course and describe their focus as primarily dominant (equity framed as access) or critical (equity framed as affirming identity). Findings indicated that activities with equity‐based lenses supported PSTs in noticing equity along the dominant and critical axes. We conclude with implications for mathematics teacher educators who are interested in supporting PSTs' learning about and development of equitable pedagogies.
The evangelical imagination
Authors: Oganessian Armen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper addresses a surprising phenomenon in the evangelical theological classroom. Evangelical theological students often approach theology as an exclusively analytic subject, failing to use imaginative criteria in “doing theology.” Specifically, they fail to use their literary imaginations or what some call narrative imagination. The phenomenon is surprising because of the Bible's place as the central theological text for evangelicals. The Bible, in turn, is a literary text that aims at its reader's literary imagination. In this paper, I review how a creative writing assignment better positioned students to glean the Bible's theological teaching. That is, how a creative arts assignment helps students do theology imaginatively.
Helical chromonema coiling is conserved in eukaryotes
Authors: Câmara Amanda Souza , Kubalová Ivona , Schubert Veit 
Published: October 2023

SUMMARYEfficient chromatin condensation is required to transport chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis, forming daughter cells. While it is well accepted that these processes follow fundamental rules, there has been a controversial debate for more than 140 years on whether the higher‐order chromatin organization in chromosomes is evolutionarily conserved. Here, we summarize historical and recent investigations based on classical and modern methods. In particular, classical light microscopy observations based on living, fixed, and treated chromosomes covering a wide range of plant and animal species, and even in single‐cell eukaryotes suggest that the chromatids of large chromosomes are formed by a coiled chromatin thread, named the chromonema. More recently, these findings were confirmed by electron and super‐resolution microscopy, oligo‐FISH, molecular interaction data, and polymer simulation. Altogether, we describe common and divergent features of coiled chromonemata in different species. We hypothesize that chromonema coiling in large chromosomes is a fundamental feature established early during the evolution of eukaryotes to handle increasing genome sizes.
Oxygen‐sensing pathways and the pulmonary circulation
Authors: Slingo Mary E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe unique property of the pulmonary circulation to constrict in response to hypoxia, rather than dilate, brings advantages in both health and disease. Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) acts to optimise ventilation‐perfusion matching – this is important clinically both in focal disease (such as pneumonia) and in one‐lung ventilation during anaesthesia for thoracic surgery. However, during global hypoxia such as that encountered at high altitude, generalised pulmonary vasoconstriction can lead to pulmonary hypertension. There is now a growing body of evidence that links the hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) pathway and pulmonary vascular tone – in both acute and chronic settings. Genetic and pharmacological alterations to all key components of this pathway (VHL – von Hippel–Lindau ubiquitin E3 ligase; PHD2 – prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2; HIF1 and HIF2) have clear effects on the pulmonary circulation, particularly in hypoxia. Furthermore, knowledge of the molecular biology of the prolyl hydroxylase enzymes has led to an extensive and ongoing body of research into the importance of iron in both HPV and pulmonary hypertension. This review will explore these relationships in more detail and discuss future avenues of research.
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On the Demonstration of a Humid Combustion System Performing Flexible Fuel-Switch From Pure Hydrogen to Natural Gas With Ultra-Low NOx Emissions
Authors: Dybe Simeon , Yasir Muhammad , Güthe Felix , Alemela Reddy , Bartlett Michael , Schuermanns Bruno , Paschereit Christian Oliver 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
To fight global warming the European Union formulated the objective of completely decarbonizing the energy sector, stimulating the advent of unconventional fuels and the adaption of the corresponding energy infrastructure. The decarbonization strategy identified hydrogen to play a key role as an energy storage medium, making systems capable of pure hydrogen operation essential. This requirement can be fulfilled with humid power cycles which offer additional advantages such as highly efficient and fuel-flexible operation with low emissions. As an integral part of such a cycle, a humid combustion system was presented previously showing promising results with respect to complete combustion with low emissions for a variety of fuels. The current work introduces an upgraded version of that combustion system. The new Double Swirler system is capable of stable and safe combustion of low calorific value biosyngas surrogate, hydrogen, and natural gas, from dry to steam-rich conditions within the required pressure drops. The inclusion of dry operation of the system can benefit the startup procedure of the humid cycle. The combustor's fuel switching performance is demonstrated by a fast fuel switch at full load from pure hydrogen to pure natural gas and vice versa, while maintaining a stable performance with low NOx-emissions at otherwise constant operation parameters.
Nondestructive Inspection of Hot Corrosion Damage on Internal Surfaces of Turbine Blades
Authors: Kuipers Justin , Wiens Kevin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Two nondestructive techniques for the identification of hot corrosion damage on internal surfaces were investigated: magnetic permeability measurements and X-ray computed tomography (CT). A group of sixty-one Solar Titan 130 stage 1 blades, which were known to have hot corrosion damage on the internal surfaces at a specific location, were used for the investigation. X-ray CT was able to accurately identify the presence of hot corrosion as well as the extent to which it had progressed through the wall at the location of interest. The magnetic permeability technique was found to accurately identify whether hot corrosion damage had occurred at the location of interest, but could not as accurately determine the extent to which the damage had progressed through the wall. The results of the nondestructive testing were validated by destructive examination of some blades. The nondestructive testing methods evaluated through the study were able to determine the presence and extent of localized hot corrosion damage on internal surfaces, allowing for higher repair yields.
Investigation of Fuel and Load Flexibility of an Atmospheric Single Nozzle Jet-Stabilized FLOX® Combustor With Hydrogen/Methane-Air Mixtures
Authors: Petry Niklas , Mannazhi Manu , Yin Zhiyao , Lammel Oliver , Geigle Klaus Peter , Huber Andreas 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this work, an existing single nozzle FLOX® (FLOX®, WS Wärmeprozesstechnik GmbH, Renningen, Germany) burner was modified with a fuel nozzle that was installed concentrically inside the outer air nozzle and was arranged in two different configurations. In the first, nonpremixed case, the fuel and air nozzles were flush at the nozzle exit. In the second, technically premixed case, the fuel nozzle terminated 50 mm below the air nozzle exit. A third, fully premixed case was also achieved by injecting fuel into the air delivery line via an inline-mixer upstream of the nozzle exit. Additionally, measurements were performed using fuel nozzles with two different sizes. For all these cases, hydrogen volume fraction in the fuel was varied from 0 to 100% at a constant equivalence ratio and thermal power. The resulting flames were characterized using two-dimensional OH-chemiluminescence measurements. In addition, load-flexibility was investigated on the 100 vol. % H2 case by varying the equivalence ratio. Some selected conditions were further investigated using particle imaging velocimetry (PIV) to obtain velocity fields. The experimental results demonstrated a strong influence of nozzle configurations (mixedness), equivalence ratio, and H2-content on flame shapes. First of all, increasing H2-content reduced the flame liftoff height (LOH) above the nozzle exit for all three configurations. Second, for the cases with 100 vol. % H2 and independent of the nozzle configuration, the liftoff height increased drastically when Φ was reduced to below 0.3 while the flame became visibly unstable. Overall, increasing level of mixedness generally caused the flame to stabilize closer to the nozzle exit. A remarkable decrease in the liftoff height was observed for the technically premixed case compared to the nonpremixed case. Increasing H2-content from 0 to 100 vol. % also increased the measured NOx emission by nearly a factor of 4, which was also strongly affected by the level of mixedness. Experimental results from this work are being used in a joint effort to validate numerical models for jet-stabilized hydrogen combustion.
Phage-induced bacterial morphological changes reveal a phage-derived antimicrobial affecting cell wall integrity
Authors: Soonthonsrima Tanapon , Htoo Htut Htut , Thiennimitr Parameth , Srisuknimit Veerasak , Nonejuie Poochit , Chaikeeratisak Vorrapon 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

In a looming post-antibiotic era, antibiotic alternatives have become key players in the combat against pathogens. Although recent advances in genomic research allow scientists to fully explore an organism’s genome in the search for novel antibacterial molecules, laborious work is still needed in order to dissect each individual gene product for its antibacterial activity. Here, we exploited phage-induced bacterial morphological changes as anchors to explore and discover a potential phage-derived antimicrobial embedded in the phage genome. We found that, upon vibriophage KVP40 infection,
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
exhibited morphological changes similar to those observed when treated with mecillinam, a cell wall synthesis inhibitor, suggesting the mechanism of pre-killing that KVP40 exerts inside the bacterial cell upon sieging the host. Genome analysis revealed that, of all the annotated gene products in the KVP40 genome that are involved in cell wall degradation, lytic transglycosylase (LT) is of particular interest for subsequent functional studies. A single-cell morphological analysis revealed that heterologous expression of wild-type KVP40-LT induced similar bacterial morphological changes to those treated with the whole phage or mecillinam, prior to cell burst. On the contrary, neither the morphology nor the viability of the bacteria expressing signal-peptide truncated- or catalytic mutant E80A- KVP40-LT was affected, suggesting the necessity of these domains for the antibacterial activities. Altogether, this research paves the way for the future development of the discovery of phage-derived antimicrobials that is guided through phage-induced morphological changes.
Comparison of treatment outcomes between intermittent and daily regimens in non-cavitary nodular bronchiectatic-type
Mycobacterium avium
complex pulmonary disease in relation to sputum smear results: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Jung Junghee , Chong Yong Pil , Lee Hyun Joo , Shim Tae Sun , Jo Kyung-Wook 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

This study retrospectively analyzed the treatment outcomes of 110 patients with non-cavitary nodular bronchiectatic-type
Mycobacterium avium
complex pulmonary disease who received intermittent or daily treatment with a three-drug oral antibiotic regimen (i.e., a macrolide, ethambutol, and rifampin) at a tertiary referral center in South Korea. Among these patients, 36 had sputum smear positivity. Of these 36 patients, intermittent treatment led to a lower culture conversion rate than daily treatment [50.0% (8/16) vs 85.0% (17/20),
P
= 0.034].
Applications of mycosporine-like amino acids beyond photoprotection
Authors: Punchakara Akhila , Prajapat Ganshyam , Bairwa Himanshu Kumar , Jain Shikha , Agrawal Akhil 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Recent years have seen a lot of interest in mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) because of their alleged potential as a natural microbial sunscreen. Since chemical ultraviolet (UV) absorbers are unsafe for long-term usage, the demand for natural UV-absorbing substances has increased. In this situation, MAA is a strong contender for an eco-friendly UV protector. The capacity of MAAs to absorb light in the UV-A (320–400 nm) and UV-B (280–320 nm) range without generating free radicals is potentially relevant in photoprotection. The usage of MAAs for purposes other than photoprotection has now shifted in favor of medicinal applications. Aside from UV absorption, MAAs also have anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, wound-healing, anti-photoaging, cell proliferation stimulators, anti-cancer agents, and anti-adipogenic properties. Recently, MAAs application to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection was also investigated. In this review article, we highlight the biomedical applications of MAAs that go beyond photoprotection, which can help in utilizing the MAAs as promising bioactive compounds in both pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications.
Bhlhe40 limits early IL-10 production from CD4
+
T cells during
Plasmodium yoelii
17X infection
Authors: O'Neal Kara A. , Zeltner Sheldon L. , Foscue Camille L. , Stumhofer Jason S. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

The cytokine IL-10 suppresses T-cell-mediated immunity, which is required to control infection with
Plasmodium yoelii
. Consequently, IL-10 can delay the time needed to resolve this infection, leading to a higher parasite burden. While the pathways that lead to IL-10 production by CD4
+
T cells are well defined, much less is known about the mediators that suppress the expression of this potent anti-inflammatory cytokine. Here, we show that the transcription factor basic helix-loop-helix family member e40 (Bhlhe40) contributes to controlling parasite burden in response to
P. yoelii
infection in mice. Loss of Bhlhe40 expression in mice results in higher
Il10
expression, higher peak parasitemia, and a delay in parasite clearance. The observed phenotype was not due to defects in T-cell activation and proliferation or the humoral response. Nor was it due to changes in regulatory T-cell numbers. However, blocking IL-10 signaling reversed the outcome in

Bhlhe40
−/

−
mice, suggesting that excess IL-10 production limits their ability to control the infection properly. In addition to suppressing
Il10
expression in CD4
+
T cells, Bhlhe40 can promote
Ifng
expression. Indeed, IFN-γ production by CD4
+
T cells isolated from the liver was significantly affected by the loss of Bhlhe40. Lastly, Bhlhe40 deletion in T cells resulted in a phenotype similar to that observed in the

Bhlhe40
−/

−
mice, indicating that Bhlhe40 expression in T cells contributes to the ability of mice to control infection with
P. yoelii
.
Accuracy of QuantiFERON in active tuberculosis suspects with comorbidities and nontuberculous mycobacterial infection in Northern California
Authors: Lu Jacky , Murugesan Kanagavel , Senchyna Fiona , Budvytiene Indre , Banaei Niaz 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

The QuantiFERON-TB Gold (QFT) is routinely utilized in North American health systems to detect a cellular immune response to
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
antigens in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. The sensitivity of QFT in tuberculosis (TB) patients with comorbidities is not well established and the specificity of QFT in patients with nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections is incompletely understood. Between 2012 and 2023, all patients with culture-positive TB and patients with NTM infection per the expert diagnostic guidelines or biopsy-proven NTM infection who had a concurrent QFT test were included in this study. The sensitivity and specificity of QFT were measured in TB and NTM patients, respectively. In 109 patients with active TB, the overall sensitivity of QFT was 78.0% (85/109; 95% CI: 70.1, 85.7). The sensitivity was 86.0% (49/57; 95% CI: 76.6, 94.8) and 69.2% (36/52; 95% CI: 56.7, 81.8) in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients, respectively. The overall specificity of QFT in 88 patients with NTM infection was 76.1% (67/88; 95% CI: 67.2, 85.0). After the exclusion of 17 NTM patients with risk factors for latent TB infection, the specificity was 94.4% (67/71; 95% CI: 89.1, 99.7). Two patients had NTM species known to cross-react with QFT. In two NTM patients infected with species (
Mycobacterium intracellulare
subsp.
intracellulare
and
Mycobacterium intracellulare
subsp.
chimaera
) not known to cross-react, whole genome sequencing did not detect ESAT-6 or CFP-10. In Northern California, the QFT assay demonstrated moderately low to moderately high sensitivity in TB patients and very high specificity in NTM patients, thus ruling out concerns for cross-reactivity with NTM.