bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytohistologic correlations in 56 synovial sarcomas in 36 patients: The Institut Curie experience
Authors: Klijanienko Jerzy , Caillaud Jean‐Michel , Lagacé Réal , Vielh Philippe 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSynovial sarcoma (SS) is a high‐grade malignant soft tissue tumor that manifests different phenotypic subtypes that may render their cytologic evaluation challenging. Although several cytologic studies of SS have been published, correlative studies of cytologic and corresponding histologic features are limited. To better define the cytological features of various SS forms, we reviewed the cytologic and the corresponding histologic material of 56 tumors from 36 patients. Classical patterns were defined as dispersed or small clusters of cells with bland chromatin, inconspicuous nucleoli, oval to spindle‐shaped cytoplasm and branching tumor tissue fragments, vessel stalks, acinar structures in scant mucin background, seen in all 53 (94.7%) cellular cases. Epithelial, squamous, round cells, mast cells, necrosis, comma‐like nuclei, marked nuclear atypia, secretory mucin, and rosette‐like structures were also occasionally observed. Comparing the histological subtype we noted that epithelial cells and secretory mucin were restricted to biphasic SS, round cells to poorly differentiated SS, and comma‐like nuclei to monophasic fibrous SS. We conclude that the classical pattern is highly suggestive of SS of all three monophasic, biphasic, or poorly differentiated subtypes. These characteristics, along with molecular genetic studies, may improve the cytologic diagnosis of SS. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;27:96–102. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gene‐dosage‐sensitive genetic interactions between inversus viscerum (iv), nodal, and activin type IIB receptor (ActRIIB) genes in asymmetrical patterning of the visceral organs along the left‐right axis
Authors: Oh S. Paul , Li En 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe have shown previously that mice deficient in the activin type IIB receptor (ActRIIB) exhibit right isomerism, which is characterized by mirror‐image symmetrical right lungs, complex cardiac malformations, and hypoplasia of the spleen. These observations led us to hypothesize that the signaling of a TGF‐β family member by means of ActRIIB is necessary for the determination of the left‐sidedness of the visceral organs. To test this hypothesis, we examined laterality defects in mice carrying mutations in both ActRIIB and inversus viscerum (iv) genes, because iv‐/‐ mice display a spectrum of laterality defects, including situs inversus, right isomerism, and left isomerism. We found that all mice homozygous for both iv and ActRIIB mutations displayed the right isomerism. The phenotype of right isomerism in the double mutants was also more severe than that in ActRIIB‐/‐ mice as shown by persistent left inferior vena cava, right atrial isomerism, and hypoplasia of spleen. Interestingly, the incidence of right isomerism also increased significantly in iv‐/‐;ActRIIB+/‐ and iv+/‐;ActRIIB‐/‐ mice compared with homozygous mice carrying either of single gene mutations. A mechanism of the genetic modulation between ActRIIB and iv genes may be that iv modulates the asymmetric expression of a TGF‐β family member that signals through activin type II receptors, ActRIIA and ActRIIB, to specify the “left‐sidedness.” Nodal is the most likely candidate. We show here that the penetrance and severity of the right isomerism is significantly elevated in nodal+/‐; ActRIIB‐/‐ mice, compared with ActRIIB‐/‐ mice. Furthermore, the chimeric mice derived from nodal‐/‐ ES cells displayed right isomerism, indistinguishable from that in (iv‐/‐;ActRIIB‐/‐) mice. We propose that iv functions to establish asymmetric expression of nodal in a gene‐dosage–sensitive manner and that nodal signals through the activin type II receptors to specify the left‐sidedness by means of a threshold mechanism. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relationship among body image, exercise behavior, and exercise dependence symptoms
Authors: Hausenblas Heather A. , Fallon Elizabeth A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship among body image, exercise behavior, body mass index (BMI), and primary exercise dependence symptoms in physically active individuals.MethodMale and female university students (N = 474) completed self‐report measures of exercise behavior, height, weight, exercise dependence symptoms, social physique anxiety, and body satisfaction.ResultsHierarchical multiple regressions with forced block entry by gender were conducted to examine the effects of exercise behavior, BMI, and exercise dependence symptoms on body satisfaction and social physique anxiety. For females, BMI was the strongest positive predictor of body dissatisfaction and social physique anxiety. For males, exercise behavior was the strongest negative predictor of body dissatisfaction and social physique anxiety.DiscussionIt was concluded that after controlling for the effects of BMI and exercise behavior, primary exercise dependence symptoms were not strong predictors on body image, especially for females. © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 32: 179–185, 2002.
Bulimia nervosa: Friend or foe? The pros and cons of bulimia nervosa
Authors: Serpell Lucy , Treasure Janet 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the current study was to use a qualitative approach to investigate the attitude of people with bulimia nervosa (BN) to their illness.MethodPatients with BN were asked to write two letters to their bulimia, one addressing it as a friend and the other addressing it as an enemy. We used a coding scheme to classify themes in letters of people with anorexia nervosa (AN) to group together themes expressed by those with BN. We revised the coding scheme to include themes that were not present in the letters of people with AN.ResultsThere were both similarities and differences in the themes described by AN and BN patients. Two positive themes (BN allowing the individuals to eat and not get fat and BN as a way of dealing with boredom) and two negative themes (shame or low self‐esteem resulting from BN and obsessive thoughts of weight and shape) were added to the coding scheme to account for these differences.DiscussionThe positive and negative aspects of BN differ in some important ways from those expressed by patients with AN. The meaning of these differences is discussed with reference to the wider symptom pattern of BN compared with AN and their importance with reference to motivation for change is outlined. © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 32: 164–170, 2002.
High‐speed self‐aligned SiGe HBT and application to optical‐fiber‐link ICs
Authors: Shimamoto Hiromi , Ohue Eiji , Oda Katsuya , Hayami Reiko , Tanabe Masamichi , Masuda Tohru , Shiramizu Nobuhiro , Arakawa Fumihiko , Ohhata Kenichi , Kondo Masao , Harada Takashi , Washio Katsuyoshi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSiGe base heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) has high‐frequency and high‐speed performance comparable to compound semiconductor devices, and also has high cost because the existing Si process is used. Hence, this HBT is expected to be a key device for high‐speed optical transmission systems and microwave/millimeter‐wave wireless systems. The self‐aligned SiGe HBT developed here has a PASS structure with selective epitaxial growth by UHV/CVD and buffered polycrystalline Si in the lower layer of the external base polycrystalline Si. In this way, high‐speed operation of the intrinsic transistor and reduction of the parasitic capacitance and resistance are realized at the same time. The cutoff frequency and maximum oscillation frequency of this SiGe HBT are 122 and 163 GHz, and the gate delay time of the ECL circuit is an extremely fast 5.5 ps. Further, an IC to form a 40 Gbit/s optical receiver is fabricated. A preamplifier with a 45‐GHz bandwidth, a limit amplifier with a gain of 32 dB, a frequency divider of 60‐GHz operations, and a 1:4 DEMUX with a decision circuit operating at 40 Gbit/s are realized. It is shown that the 40 Gbit/s optical receiver IC chip set with the present SiGe HBTs reached a practical level. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 85(7): 66–76, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10004
Analysis of micro corner reflectors by finite element method and their applications to optical devices
Authors: Suzuki Kouichi , Koyama Fumio , Iga Kenichi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBy using eigenfunctions obtained from the analysis of an optical waveguide obtained from a new one‐dimensional finite element method, a method is proposed for connecting them to the computational domain by Galerkin's method. The usefulness of the connecting boundary is demonstrated. The present procedure provides a two‐dimensional program for the analysis of Maxwell's full equations. By means of this method, a micro semiconductor corner reflector consisting of two total reflection mirrors is analyzed. The reflectivity in an infinitesimal region with a waveguide width of less than 1.0 µm in the corner reflector is characterized for the first time. It is shown that the reflectivity in the micro structure is limited by the trapping coefficient of the waveguide. Enhancement of the optical intensity distribution at the tip of the corner reflector is discovered. A reflection‐type optical demultiplexer and a near‐field enhancement method using a micro‐corner reflector are proposed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 85(6): 20–26, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10006
Application of wire model to calculation of impedance of transmission lines with arbitrary cross sections
Authors: Matsushima Akira , Sakamoto Hiroyoshi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe ac effective resistance and inductance of transmission lines consisting of a conductor with an arbitrary cross section are computed by the so‐called wire model, in which the cross section is subdivided into small segments that are individually replaced with wire elements. To this end, an integral equation is derived of the current density distribution for transmission lines consisting of several wires with circular cross sections. This equation is transformed to a set of linear simultaneous equations by the method of moments. In the numerical calculations, the impedance characteristics are discussed in detail physically for an isolated conductor, a simple parallel twin wire, and a parallel triple wire. Subsequently, the microstrip line is chosen as an example for conductors with arbitrary cross sections. It is shown that the results from the present method of analysis agree well with those from other methods, establishing the effectiveness of the method. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 85(7): 1–10, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10036
TM‐Mode selective filter using leaky waveguide structure
Authors: Ohke Shigeaki , Umeda Tokuo , Cho Yoshio 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this paper, a structure using the optical leakage phenomenon is proposed as a relatively simple TM mode selective filter for optical circuits. The filter characteristics are discussed. In the TM mode selective filter discussed herein, a layer with refractive index higher than that of the waveguide layer (guided layer) is used as a cladding together with a thin buffer layer with a lower refractive index (ultralow‐refractive‐index layer). The cladding material used to realize a TM mode selective filter need not be a lossy material such as a metal with a so‐called complex index of refraction. A layer with a refractive index equal to or higher than that of the guiding layer suffices. In this paper, it is shown with specific configuration examples (partly numerical examples) that an optical leakage structure with an ultralow‐refractive‐index buffer layer can exhibit excellent TM mode selective filter characteristics. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 85(8): 9–15, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10037
Fast coordinates generating circuit for pixel parallel processing
Authors: Tooyama Osamu , Takase Shinji , Watanabe Akira , Akita Junichi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSince the coordinates of multiple points cannot be encoded simultaneously due to the encoder characteristics when encoding the positions of multiple points on a plane as the coordinates, each point must be successively searched for, and each coordinate must be encoded in order. Highly efficient algorithms to search for points on a plane, such as the binary search, are known. These algorithms can be easily implemented in software in general, but are difficult to implement in hardware. In this paper, we propose an algorithm that rapidly searches for the points on a plane and its circuit architecture in order to encode multiple points. We used this proposed circuit in the last stage of a circuit that detects the centroids of objects on a pixel plane and searched for the detected centroids by a circuit simulation in H‐SPICE. From the result, we verified the completion of the search of a 15 × 15‐pixel plane in several microseconds. Since the processing time of this algorithm depends, in theory, on the number of points to be searched for and not on the number of pixels on the pixel plane, even as the number of pixels on the pixel plane to be searched increases, the processing time does not increase dramatically. Therefore, this algorithm is also effective as the resolution improves. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 85(6): 27–32, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.1109
Fear‐then‐relief, mindlessness, and cognitive deficits
Authors: Dolinski Dariusz , Ciszek Michal , Godlewski Kacper , Zawadzki Michal 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe assumption that mindlessness underlies the effectiveness of the ‘fear‐then‐relief’ social influence technique has been verified in four studies. The first two experiments indicated that compliance of those experiment participants who were made to function on the thoughtful level under a ‘fear‐then‐relief’ condition decreases to the level observed in the control group. The other two experiments were to analyze the cognitive functioning of people who at first experience fear and then a sudden and unexpected relief. The first of these experiments indicated that the amount of time needed to detect the expression of emotion on other persons' faces is prolonged, and the second of these latter two experiments that the participants' arithmetical abilities are impaired (mental addition and subtraction of three two‐digit numbers). Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perceived legitimacy of intergroup status differences: its prediction by relative ingroup prototypicality
Authors: Weber Ulrike , Mummendey Amélie , Waldzus Sven 
Published: October 2002

AbstractResearch demonstrates that the perceived legitimacy of intergroup status differences has profound effects on intergroup attitudes, emotions and behavior. However, there has only been little intergroup research that predicts the perception of legitimacy. We hypothesize that the perception of legitimate or illegitime status relations depends upon the perceived relative prototypicality of the ingroup for the inclusive category. Since the prototype of the inclusive category provides a normative comparison standard for subgroup evaluation, similarity to this standard (i.e. prototypicality) should be positively evaluated and used to justify high status. A first study in a natural intergroup context (N = 67) offered correlational data in support of the predicted relationship. The second study (N = 60), using Germans as ingroup with Poles as outgroup and Europe as inclusive category, demonstrated that the link between prototypicality and legitimacy is contingent upon the valence of the inclusive category. In order to elucidate the causal direction, the third study manipulated relative prototypicality in an artificial intergroup context (N = 94) and introduced status as a moderator variable. Overall, we found strong support for the hypothesis that legitimacy is related to prototypicality and that this relation is moderated by ingroup status and valence of the inclusive category. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
‘We're all individuals’: group norms of individualism and collectivism, levels of identification and identity threat
Authors: Jetten Jolanda , Postmes Tom , McAuliffe Brendan J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThree studies were conducted to investigate the power of group norms of individualism and collectivism to guide self‐definition and group behavior for people with low and high levels of group identification. Study 1 demonstrates that in an individualist culture (North America), those who identify highly with their national identity are more individualist than low identifiers. In contrast, in a collectivist culture (Indonesia) high identifiers are less individualist than low identifiers. Study 2 manipulates group norms of individualism and collectivism, and shows a similar pattern on a self‐stereotyping measure: High identifiers are more likely to incorporate salient group norms prescribing individualism or collectivism into their self‐concept than low identifiers. Study 3 replicates this effect and shows that high identifiers conform more strongly to group norms, and self‐stereotype themselves in line with the salient norm than low identifiers when their group is threatened. Hence, the findings suggest that when there is a group norm of individualism, high identifiers may show individualist behavior as a result of conformity to salient group norms. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The dissemination of critical, unshared information in decision‐making groups: the effects of pre‐discussion dissent
Authors: Brodbeck Felix C. , Kerschreiter Rudolf , Mojzisch Andreas , Frey Dieter , Schulz‐Hardt Stefan 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPrevious research in group decision making has found that in situations of a hidden profile (i.e. the best choice alternative is hidden from individual members as they consider their pre‐discussion information), unshared information is disproportionately neglected and sub‐optimal group choices are highly likely. In an experimental study, three‐person groups decided which of three candidates to select for a professorial appointment. We hypothesised that minority dissent in pre‐discussion preferences improves the consideration of unshared information in groups and increases the discovery rate of hidden profiles. As predicted, consideration of unshared information increased with minority dissent. The expectation of an improvement of group decision quality was partially supported. In diversity groups (i.e. each member prefers a different alternative) consideration of unshared information and group decision quality was significantly higher than in simple minority groups. Results are discussed in the light of theories of minority influence. The benefits of using the hidden profile paradigm with minority and diversity groups for theory development in the area of group decision making are highlighted. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A multisite evaluation of treatment of methamphetamine dependence in adults
Authors: Rawson Richard A. , Marinelli‐Casey Patricia J. , Huber Alice 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe Center for Substance Abuse Treatment Methamphetamine Treatment Project, with seven sites and more than a thousand participants, is an evaluation of a manualized psychosocial outpatient approach for the treatment of methamphetamine‐dependent individuals.
Forest people: The role of African rainforests in human evolution and dispersal
Authors: Mercader Julio 
Published: October 2002

AbstractConventionally, the African continent has been partitioned in two evolutionary domains. One of them, the rainforest, is home to apes and covers central and West Africa. The other one extends through the woodlands and savannas of East and Southern Africa and has been traditionally perceived as home to humanity. The morphology of early humans is well‐adapted to open environments.1 In addition, food procurement in savannas is known to be easier and more reliable than is provisioning in the rainforest, with its dispersed and cryptic faunal resources and fickle carbohydrates and fat. In the late 1980s, human ecologists and socio‐cultural anthropologists demonstrated that full‐fledged foraging without some agricultural support has been virtually undocumented in tropical forests today or in the recent past.2 This research portrayed the present‐day rainforest ecosystem as an unfriendly environment that is unable to support purely foraging groups, and questioned whether hominids ever lived in it.2
Fire safety assessment of wooden facades
Authors: Hakkarainen Tuula , Oksanen Tuuli 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe fire behaviour of wooden facades in multi‐storey houses has been studied in a Nordic research project on the fire safety of timber framed buildings. Two different fire scenarios were considered: a relatively small ignition source outside the building and a post‐flashover compartment fire. The scenarios correspond to potential fire situations in sprinklered and unsprinklered houses, respectively.Fire tests of wooden facades with different cladding materials, surface treatments and structures were performed on intermediate and large scales. In the case of an external fire, the most efficient way to prevent the propagation of flames to the upper storeys of the facade is the structural modification of the facade profile, i.e. cantilevers and oriels. Particular care should be taken so that the protrusion is of sufficient depth and width and that its front and lower surfaces are non‐combustible. Using fire retardant treatment, the flame spread can be considerably delayed or even halted. Acceptance criteria for the facades of sprinklered and unsprinklered multi‐storey buildings are suggested based on the test series. Similar principles can be applied when defining criteria for various test arrangements and fire scenarios. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Army Success Story: Ex‐Situ Biological Treatment of Perchlorate‐Contaminated Groundwater
Authors: Polk Jonna , Onewokae Cyril , Guarini William J. , Murray Cliff , Tolbert David E. , Togna A. Paul 
Published: October 2002

AbstractGroundwater from the burning ground and landfill of the Longhorn Army Ammunition Plant (LHAAP) in

Texas is currently remediated by pumping the water from an interceptor collection trench system, removing

volatile organic compounds and metals in an ex‐situ treatment process, and discharging the treated water

to a nearby stream. In early 2001, LHAAP's environmental restoration team supplemented the existing

treatment process with an Envirogen biological fluid bed reactor (FBR) to remove the perchlorate prior

to discharge. After a pilot test using site water at Envirogen's New Jersey laboratory, an FBR system

designed to treat 50 gallons of groundwater per minute was installed. The FBR achieved complete perchlorate

removal (< 4 ppb) within three weeks of start‐up (February 2002). The FBR

continues to remove perchlorate to less than 4 ppb. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Composition of the volatile oil of Thymus transcaspicus Klokov from Iran
Authors: Miri R. , Ramezani M. , Javidnia K. , Ahmadi L. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThymus is one of the most important genera with regard to the number of species within the family Lamiaceae. The essential oil of Thymus transcaspicus Klokov (Lamiaceae) from Iran was isolated by hydrodistillation in 0.9% yield. The chemical composition of the essential oil was examined by GC and GC–MS. Forty‐seven compounds were identified, representing 99.5% of the total oil. The main compounds were thymol (56.4%), γ‐terpinene (7.7%), carvacrol (7.6%) and p‐cymene (6.3%). Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.