bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traffic flow prediction based on transformer
Authors: Zhang Yiyi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Nowadays, it is an obvious fact that with the double blessing of economic growth and the diversity of human’s life, travel has become an indispensable activity during the leisure time. Meanwhile, due to the convenience, timesaving and accessibility, private cars gradually play a vital role on the road. However, it is conceivable that the increase in vehicles means that there will be inevitable congestion, especially during the peak hours of the day. In order to reverse the situation that private cars are from “convenience” to “inconvenience”, this paper decides to explore how to accurately predict the change of traffic flow over time, perceive the upcoming peak period in advance to provide reliable traffic information for publishing and allocate traffic resources reasonably. To capture the time features in traffic flow data, extract their internal laws and process them more accurately, this research applies a combined model of convolutional neural network (CNN) and transformer, that is, CNN is used for the feature extraction, and the extracted features are passed to the transformer model for further predictive analysis. The experimental dataset in the research comes from the official website of Highway England. The result displays that the iteration speed of this model is rapid, the prediction error is able to be minimized and it can be applied in the case of a huge dataset.
Design of an integrated circuit with blanking technique for neural signal recording based on CMOS
Authors: Zhu Jiayu , Mo Xiaorui , Liu Xu 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Neural signals play a crucial role in unraveling the mysteries of the nervous system. However, due to their minute amplitudes in the range of microamperes and microvolts, recording these signals poses significant challenges, largely stemming from their vulnerability to noise interference. Thus, the development of neural signal acquisition circuits holds paramount importance. This paper presents a successful endeavor in designing an integrated circuit using 0.18um CMOS technology, which exhibits exceptional accuracy in recording neural signals. The circuit employs a combination of amplifiers and filters, while incorporating the innovative blanking technology to effectively eliminate unwanted noise. Remarkably, this design accomplishes an impressive gain of 88.437dB. Consequently, the circuit enables the accurate capture of nerve signals, thereby positioning itself as an ideal candidate for implantable neural signal detection devices. With its ability to overcome the hurdles associated with signal sensitivity and noise interference, this integrated circuit represents a significant advancement in the field of neural signal acquisition, holding immense potential for further exploration and application in neuroscientific research and medical interventions.
Waste management in the context of digitalization and the circular economy development
Authors: Trofymenko O O , Koba N V , Koba M O , Lazarenko I S , Kuzminska N L 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The study focuses on the analysis of existing approaches to waste management in different countries, taking account of digitalization and the circular economy development. The authors’ main objective was to define strategic guidelines for ensuring the formation of a waste management system by means of determining the level of achieving the waste management goals by various countries and studying their best practices in this field. The authors applied a clustering method to group the chosen countries based on the level of their indicators in waste management, digitalization, economic growth and achieving sustainable goals. In addition, cluster analysis was used while conducting the research. The study resulted in separating four clusters of the countries depending on their level of the selected indicators in 2022. The results of the research suggest that infrastructure and support of the state are essential factors in successful waste management. The authors offered some recommendations to facilitate the development of smart waste management by the states based on circularization, digitalization, interaction and regulatory support.
Characterization of the extracellular domain of sensor histidine kinase NagS from Paenibacillus sp. str. FPU-7: nagS interacts with oligosaccharide binding protein NagB1 in complexes with N, N′-diacetylchitobiose
Authors: Itoh Takafumi , Ogawa Tomoki , Hibi Takao , Kimoto Hisashi 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
We have previously isolated the Gram-positive chitin-degrading bacterium Paenibacillus sp. str. FPU-7. This bacterium traps chitin disaccharide (GlcNAc)2 on its cell surface using two homologous solute-binding proteins, NagB1 and NagB2. Bacteria use histidine kinase (HK) of the two-component regulatory system as an extracellular environment sensor. In this study, we found that nagS, which encodes a HK, is located next to the nagB1 gene. Biochemical experiments revealed that the NagS sensor domain (NagS30-294) interacts with the NagB1–(GlcNAc)2 complex. However, proof of NagS30-294 interacting with NagB1 without (GlcNAc)2 is currently unavailable. In contrast to NagB1, no complex formation was observed between NagS30-294 and NagB2, even in the presence of (GlcNAc)2. The NagS30-294 crystal structure at 1.8 Å resolution suggested that the canonical tandem-Per-Arnt-Sim fold recognizes the NagB1–(GlcNAc)2 complex. This study provides insight into the recognition of chitin oligosaccharides by bacteria.
Similarity-based multimodal regression
Authors: Chen Andrew A , Weinstein Sarah M , Adebimpe Azeez , Gur Ruben C , Gur Raquel E , Merikangas Kathleen R , Satterthwaite Theodore D , Shinohara Russell T , Shou Haochang 
Published: December 2023

Summary
To better understand complex human phenotypes, large-scale studies have increasingly collected multiple data modalities across domains such as imaging, mobile health, and physical activity. The properties of each data type often differ substantially and require either separate analyses or extensive processing to obtain comparable features for a combined analysis. Multimodal data fusion enables certain analyses on matrix-valued and vector-valued data, but it generally cannot integrate modalities of different dimensions and data structures. For a single data modality, multivariate distance matrix regression provides a distance-based framework for regression accommodating a wide range of data types. However, no distance-based method exists to handle multiple complementary types of data. We propose a novel distance-based regression model, which we refer to as Similarity-based Multimodal Regression (SiMMR), that enables simultaneous regression of multiple modalities through their distance profiles. We demonstrate through simulation, imaging studies, and longitudinal mobile health analyses that our proposed method can detect associations between clinical variables and multimodal data of differing properties and dimensionalities, even with modest sample sizes. We perform experiments to evaluate several different test statistics and provide recommendations for applying our method across a broad range of scenarios.
Atopic dermatitis, cognitive function and psychiatric comorbidities across early childhood and adolescence in a population-based UK birth cohort
Authors: Sockler Patrick G , Hooper Stephen R , Abuabara Katrina , Ma Emily Z , Radtke Sarah , Bao Aaron , Kim Elle , Musci Rashelle J , Kartawira Karin , Wan Joy 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Atopic dermatitis (AD) may affect cognitive function, but studies are limited and inconsistent. The effect of AD severity on cognition remains underexplored and few previous studies have examined clinically validated or repeated measures of cognition throughout childhood.

Objectives
To evaluate the relationship of AD activity and severity with validated measures of general cognition in a longitudinal birth cohort.

Methods
We conducted cross-sectional analyses using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a UK cohort of 14 975 individuals followed prospectively since their birth in 1991–92. AD was assessed 11 times between the age of 6 and 166 months. Mothers were asked if their child had an ‘itchy, dry skin rash in the joints and creases’, and AD status was time-updated accordingly as ‘never’, ‘maybe’, ‘inactive’, ‘active/mild’ or ‘active/moderate–severe’. General cognition [i.e. intelligence quotient (IQ)] was measured at 18, 49, 103 and 186 months of age using the Griffiths Mental Development Scales (GMDS), Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI), Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) and Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI), respectively. Multivariable linear regression was used to compare IQ with respect to nearest time-updated AD status. Secondary analyses were stratified by the presence or absence of psychiatric or learning disorders. An exploratory longitudinal analysis of IQ across all four outcome assessments was conducted using generalized estimating equations.

Results
No significant associations between AD status and full-scale IQ scores on the GMDS, WPPSI, WISC and WASI were observed after adjustment for sociodemographic factors, atopic comorbidities and sleep characteristics. However, at 8 years of age, WISC Performance IQ was slightly, although statistically significantly, lower among children with active/moderate–severe AD [β coefficient –2.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) –4.12 to –0.19] and Verbal IQ was slightly, but statistically significantly, higher among those with inactive AD (β coefficient 1.31, 95% CI 0.28–2.34) compared with those without AD. Analyses stratified by psychiatric or learning disorders, and exploratory longitudinal analyses of cognition revealed similar findings.

Conclusions
We did not find any clinically meaningful associations between AD activity and severity and general cognitive function during early childhood and adolescence. Future studies should incorporate objective measures of AD severity and investigate outcomes beyond IQ.
Excellence in Antibiotic Stewardship: A Mixed-Methods Study Comparing High-, Medium-, and Low-Performing Hospitals
Authors: Vaughn Valerie M , Krein Sarah L , Hersh Adam L , Buckel Whitney R , White Andrea T , Horowitz Jennifer K , Patel Payal K , Gandhi Tejal N , Petty Lindsay A , Spivak Emily S , Bernstein Steven J , Malani Anurag N , Johnson Leonard B , Neetz Robert A , Flanders Scott A , Galyean Patrick , Kimball Elisabeth , Bloomquist Kennedi , Zickmund Tobias , Zickmund Susan L , Szymczak Julia E 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Despite antibiotic stewardship programs existing in most acute care hospitals, there continues to be variation in appropriate antibiotic use. While existing research examines individual prescriber behavior, contextual reasons for variation are poorly understood.

Methods
We conducted an explanatory, sequential mixed-methods study of a purposeful sample of 7 hospitals with varying discharge antibiotic overuse. For each hospital, we conducted surveys, document analysis, and semi-structured interviews with antibiotic stewardship and clinical stakeholders. Data were analyzed separately and mixed during the interpretation phase, where each hospital was examined as a case, with findings organized across cases using a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats framework to identify factors accounting for differences in antibiotic overuse across hospitals.

Results
Surveys included 85 respondents. Interviews included 90 respondents (31 hospitalists, 33 clinical pharmacists, 14 stewardship leaders, 12 hospital leaders). On surveys, clinical pharmacists at hospitals with lower antibiotic overuse were more likely to report feeling: respected by hospitalist colleagues (P = .001), considered valuable team members (P = .001), and comfortable recommending antibiotic changes (P = .02). Based on mixed-methods analysis, hospitals with low antibiotic overuse had 4 distinguishing characteristics: (1) robust knowledge of and access to antibiotic stewardship guidance; (2) high-quality clinical pharmacist–physician relationships; (3) tools and infrastructure to support stewardship; and (4) highly engaged infectious diseases physicians who advocated stewardship principles.

Conclusions
This mixed-methods study demonstrates the importance of organizational context for high performance in stewardship and suggests that improving antimicrobial stewardship requires attention to knowledge, interactions, and relationships between clinical teams and infrastructure that supports stewardship and team interactions.
Potential Impact of Higher-Valency Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines Among Adults in Different Localities in Germany
Authors: Ellingson Mallory K , Weinberger Daniel M , van der Linden Mark , Perniciaro Stephanie 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Next-generation pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) have been approved for use. The serotype distribution of pneumococcal isolates can vary between regions. To understand the potential impacts of new PCVs, we evaluated trends in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) among adults in Germany at a local level using Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression. There was little spatial variation in IPD cases caused by 13-valent PCV serotypes, which dropped from 60% of IPD cases in 2006 to 30% in 2018. More than half of IPD cases in 2018 were attributable to serotypes covered by new PCVs (15-valent and 20-valent PCVs), which suggests they could further reduce the burden of IPD.
Revealing chronic disease progression patterns using Gaussian process for stage inference
Authors: Wang Yanfei , Zhao Weiling , Ross Angela , You Lei , Wang Hongyu , Zhou Xiaobo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective
The early stages of chronic disease typically progress slowly, so symptoms are usually only noticed until the disease is advanced. Slow progression and heterogeneous manifestations make it challenging to model the transition from normal to disease status. As patient conditions are only observed at discrete timestamps with varying intervals, an incomplete understanding of disease progression and heterogeneity affects clinical practice and drug development.

Materials and Methods
We developed the Gaussian Process for Stage Inference (GPSI) approach to uncover chronic disease progression patterns and assess the dynamic contribution of clinical features. We tested the ability of the GPSI to reliably stratify synthetic and real-world data for osteoarthritis (OA) in the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI), bipolar disorder (BP) in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (ABCD), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the UTHealth and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).

Results
First, GPSI identified two subgroups of OA based on image features, where these subgroups corresponded to different genotypes, indicating the bone-remodeling and overweight-related pathways. Second, GPSI differentiated BP into two distinct developmental patterns and defined the contribution of specific brain region atrophy from early to advanced disease stages, demonstrating the ability of the GPSI to identify diagnostic subgroups. Third, HCC progression patterns were well reproduced in the two independent UTHealth and TCGA datasets.

Conclusion
Our study demonstrated that an unsupervised approach can disentangle temporal and phenotypic heterogeneity and identify population subgroups with common patterns of disease progression. Based on the differences in these features across stages, physicians can better tailor treatment plans and medications to individual patients.
Risks of depression, anxiety, and suicide in partners of men with prostate cancer: a national cohort study
Authors: Crump Casey , Stattin Pär , Brooks James D , Sundquist Jan , Edwards Alexis C , Sundquist Kristina , Sieh Weiva 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
A diagnosis of prostate cancer (PC) may cause psychosocial distress not only in a man but also in his intimate partner. However, long-term risks of depression, anxiety, or suicide in partners of men with PC are largely unknown.

Methods
A national cohort study was conducted of 121 530 partners of men diagnosed with PC during 1998-2017 and 1 093 304 population-based controls in Sweden. Major depression, anxiety disorder, and suicide death were ascertained through 2018. Cox regression was used to compute hazard ratios (HRs) while adjusting for sociodemographic factors.

Results
Partners of men with high-risk PC had increased risks of major depression (adjusted HR = 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.30 to 1.39) and anxiety disorder (adjusted HR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.20 to 1.30), which remained elevated 10 or more years later. Suicide death was increased in partners of men with distant metastases (adjusted HR = 2.38, 95% CI = 1.08 to 5.22) but not other high-risk PC (adjusted HR =1.14, 95% CI = 0.70 to 1.88). Among partners of men with high-risk PC, risks of major depression and anxiety disorder were highest among those 80 years of age or older (adjusted HR = 1.73; 95% CI = 1.53 to 1.96; adjusted HR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.47 to 1.96, respectively), whereas suicide death was highest among those younger than 60 years of age (adjusted HR = 7.55, 95% CI = 2.20 to 25.89). In contrast, partners of men with low- or intermediate-risk PC had modestly or no increased risks of these outcomes.

Conclusions
In this large cohort, partners of men with high-risk PC had increased risks of major depression and anxiety disorder, which persisted for 10 or more years. Suicide death was increased 2-fold in partners of men with distant metastases. Partners as well as men with PC need psychosocial support and close follow-up for psychosocial distress.
UV to near-IR observations of the DART-Dimorphos collision
Authors: Ofek Eran O , Kushnir Doron , Polishook David , Waxman Eli , Tohuvavohu Aaron , Ben-Ami Sagi , Katz Boaz , Gnat Orly , Strotjohann Nora L , Segre Enrico , Blumenzweig Arie , Sofer-Rimalt Yahel , Yaron Ofer , Gal-Yam Avishay , Shvartzvald Yossi , Engel Michael , Cenko S Bradley , Hershko Ofir 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
The impact of the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) spacecraft with Dimorphos allows us to study asteroid collision physics, including momentum transfer, the ejecta properties, and the visibility of such events in the Solar system. We report observations of the DART impact in the ultraviolet (UV), visible light, and near-infrared (IR) wavelengths. The observations support the existence of at least two separate components of the ejecta: a fast and a slow component. The fast-ejecta component is composed of a gaseous phase, moving at about 1.6 km s−1 with a mass of ≲104 kg. The fast ejecta is detected in the UV and visible light, but not in the near-IR z-band observations. Fitting a simplified optical thickness model to these observations allows us to constrain some of the properties of the fast ejecta, including its scattering efficiency and the opacity of the gas. The slow ejecta component is moving at typical velocities of up to about 10 m s−1. It is composed of micrometer-size particles, that have a scattering efficiency, at the direction of the observer, of the order of 10−3 and a total mass of ∼106 kg. The larger particles in the slow ejecta, whose size is bound to be in the range between ∼1 mm and ∼1 m, likely have a scattering efficiency larger than that of the pre-impact Didymos system.
Electrostatic solitary waves in a bi-ion plasma with two suprathermal electron populations – application to Saturn’s magnetosphere
Authors: Varghese Steffy Sara , Singh Kuldeep , Kourakis Ioannis 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Non-thermal particle distributions characterized by a high-energy tail are ubiquitous in space plasmas. They are usually described by a kappa distribution function, that has been shown to be an excellent fit in most real circumstances. Among other space missions, Cassini and Voyager have both recorded evidence of a coexistence of non-thermal electron populations (with different characteristics) in Saturn’s magnetosphere, and subsequent studies showed that these are well-described by using different tailor-fit realizations of the (parametrized) kappa distribution. Motivated by these observations we have formulated a multifluid plasma model incorporating two types of (positive) ions and two distinct kappa-distributed electron populations, in order to study electrostatic solitary waves (ESWs) in Saturn’s magnetosphere from first principles. Our analysis reveals that the spectral index (in fact, the κ parameter value related to the cold electron population mainly) is vital in explaining the difference among different types of non-linear structures. A comparison with spacecraft observations suggests that our theoretical model provides an efficient framework for the interpretation of ESW observations in Saturn’s magnetosphere. Our qualitative predictions may also apply to other planetary magnetospheres, where a similar multispecies plasma composition may be present.
CN and CCH azirine derivatives, possible precursors of prebiotic molecules: formation and spectroscopic parameters
Authors: Redondo Pilar , Sanz-Novo Miguel , Barrientos Carmen 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
N-heterocycles are of special relevance in astrobiology but at present no nitrogen-containing heterocycles have been detected in the interstellar medium (ISM). Thus far, the simplest N-heterocyclic compound, 2H-Azirine (c-C2H3N), has not been conclusively identified, despite being searched for. Recently, several cyano and ethynyl derivatives of unsaturated hydrocarbons have been discovered in the cold prestellar core Taurus Molecular Cloud 1 (TMC-1). The purpose of this work is to assess the feasibility of the possible formation of cyano and ethynyl derivatives of azirine (c-C2H2N-CN, c-C2H2N-CCH) under interstellar conditions and provide high-level theoretical spectroscopic parameters of the most relevant cyano- and ethynyl-azirine isomers to facilitate their experimental identification. Six isomers are located for each, cyano- and ethynyl-azirine derivatives, and their interconversion processes are studied. The reactions of 2H-azirine with the CN or CCH radicals in the gas phase are explored as possible formation routes of cyano and ethynyl azirine. We found that the formation processes of the most stable isomers, namely 3-cyano-2H-azirine, 2-cyano-2H-azirine, 3-ethynyl-2H-azirine, and 2-ethynyl-2H-azirine, are exothermic and barrier free. Thus, these compounds stand out as potential targets to be searched for in space. Based on the newly determined rotational spectroscopic parameters, which also account for 14N hyperfine splittings, we compile a line catalogue for each system up to 50 GHz as a preliminary and required step to characterize these molecules experimentally, whether in the laboratory or directly in the ISM.
The 40 pc sample of white dwarfs from Gaia
Authors: O’Brien Mairi W , Tremblay P-E , Klein B L , Koester D , Melis C , Bédard A , Cukanovaite E , Cunningham T , Doyle A E , Gänsicke B T , Gentile Fusillo N P , Hollands M A , McCleery J , Pelisoli I , Toonen S , Weinberger A J , Zuckerman B 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
We present a comprehensive overview of a volume-complete sample of white dwarfs located within 40 pc of the Sun, a significant proportion of which were detected in Gaia Data Release 3 (DR3). Our DR3 sample contains 1076 spectroscopically confirmed white dwarfs, with just five candidates within the volume remaining unconfirmed (&gt; 99 per cent spectroscopic completeness). Additionally, 28 white dwarfs were not in our initial selection from Gaia DR3, most of which are in unresolved binaries. We use Gaia DR3 photometry and astrometry to determine a uniform set of white dwarf parameters, including mass, effective temperature, and cooling age. We assess the demographics of the 40 pc sample, specifically magnetic fields, binarity, space density, and mass distributions.