bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traveling Waves
Authors: He Zeng , Jiang Wen , Wang Lin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Let the solution of the equation be

$$u\left( {x,t} \right) = ae^{{i\left( {kx - \omega t} \right)}}$$

u

x
,
t

=
a

e

i

k
x
-
ω
t

. Substituting this into the given equation gives

$$k - \omega = 0 \Rightarrow c_{0} = \frac{\omega }{k} = 1$$

k
-
ω
=
0
⇒

c
0

=

ω
k

=
1

. It can be seen that the phase speed

$${c}_{0}$$

c
0

is constant and hence the solution to the given equation is a non-dispersive wave.
Beyond cyborgs: the cybork idea for the de-individuation of (artificial) intelligence and an emergence-oriented design
Authors: Cabitza Federico , Natali Chiara , Varanini Francesco , Gunkel David 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article contributes to the philosophical inquiry of Artificial Intelligence (AI) by reframing the question “Where is the intelligence of Artificial Intelligence?” into “Where does AI intelligently operate?”. This rephrasing challenges our understanding of AI’s role in social practices and its integration into the human experience. Central to this discourse is the concept of the ‘cybork’ (a portmanteau of ‘cyborg’ and ‘work’), which symbolizes not just a physical entity but a dynamic system of actions and interactions within a socio-technical landscape: work accomplished with machines. In this framework, intelligence in AI lies not in any function of isolated systems, but rather in the situated context of their use within collective and meaningful practices that give technology its sense and direction. Conversely, technology both enables and shapes these practices to the extent that distinguishing between the two can seem unnecessary, or even detrimental, to the optimal design of and for work practices. The cybork embodies this integration and entanglement, transcending the traditional boundaries between individuals and collectives, entities and actions. It reveals the inseparability and co-dependence of humans and technology, where technological artifacts become extensions of human capabilities, embody collective human history and development, and serve as both products and participants in societal practices, fundamentally shaping our interaction with the world.
Does testing young children influence educational attainment and wellbeing?
Authors: Green Colin P. , Nyhus Ole Henning , Salvanes Kari Vea 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Should young children be tested? Proponents view early testing as a necessary instrument for early targeting. Others consider it detrimental to child mental health and with little impact on educational performance. We exploit variation in low-stakes test-taking in mathematics amongst primary school children in Norway, traditionally a low-testing environment. We examine the introduction of difficult mathematics tests. These tests were introduced to provide information for a larger randomised controlled trial (RCT) in Norwegian primary schools. We demonstrate zero effects of testing exposure on educational attainment, but evidence of heterogenous effects across gender and educational background of children. We find no negative effects on student welfare, but testing improves student perceptions of teaching practices, feedback and engagement.
Lasso multinomial performance indicators for in-play basketball data
Authors: Damoulaki Argyro , Ntzoufras Ioannis , Pelechrinis Konstantinos 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A typical approach to quantify the contribution of each player in basketball uses the plus–minus method. The ratings obtained by such a method are estimated using simple regression models and their regularized variants, with response variable being either the points scored or the point differences. To capture more precisely the effect of each player, detailed possession-based play-by-play data may be used. This is the direction we take in this article, in which we investigate the performance of regularized adjusted plus–minus (RAPM) indicators estimated by different regularized models having as a response the number of points scored in each possession. Therefore, we use possession play-by-play data from all NBA games for the season 2021–2022 (322,852 possessions). We initially present simple regression model-based indices starting from the implementation of ridge regression which is the standard technique in the relevant literature. We proceed with the lasso approach which has specific advantages and better performance than ridge regression when compared with selected objective validation criteria. Then, we implement regularized binary and multinomial logistic regression models to obtain more accurate performance indicators since the response is a discrete variable taking values mainly from zero to three. Our final proposal is an improved RAPM measure which is based on the expected points of a multinomial logistic regression model where each player’s contribution is weighted by his participation in the team’s possessions. The proposed indicator, called weighted expected points (wEPTS), outperforms all other RAPM measures we investigate in this study.
Species-specific optimization of oxylipin ionization in LC–MS: a design of experiments approach to improve sensitivity
Authors: Schmidt Louis , Garscha Ulrike 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Oxylipins are diverse bioactive signaling molecules, which occur in very low concentrations in complex matrices, posing challenges in achieving consistent and sensitive analysis. UHPLC-MS/MS is the preferred technique to separate and quantify these molecules, often optimized using a time-consuming trial-and-error approach. In this study, we applied the design of experiments (DoE) approach to systematically investigate the ionization properties of multiple oxylipin species. Fractional factorial and central composite designs were employed to detect relevant instrument parameters and optimize signal intensity in ESI–MS/MS analysis. Response surface modeling revealed distinct ionization and fragmentation behaviors between polar and apolar oxylipins, driven by their responses to interface temperature and collision-induced dissociation (CID) gas pressure. Particularly, prostaglandins and lipoxins benefit from higher CID gas pressure and lower temperatures compared to the lipophilic HODEs and HETEs to achieve optimal intensity in multiple reaction monitoring analysis. While global source parameters were optimized, analyte-specific entrance/exit potentials and collision energies required individual adjustments. The final method was applied to analyze seven oxylipin classes including leukotrienes, prostaglandins, lipoxins, resolvins, HETEs, HODES, and HoTrEs. Although improvements in lower limits of quantification were modest (< 1 pg on-column), signal-to-noise ratios increased two-fold for lipoxins and resolvins and three- to four-fold for leukotrienes and HETEs, enhancing detection at trace levels. This DoE-guided strategy provides a powerful tool to improve UHPLC-MS/MS analysis of oxylipins across various instrument vendors, guiding the way towards inter-laboratory comparability.

Graphical Abstract
Cost-effective, user-friendly detection and preconcentration of thrombin on a sustainable paper-based electrochemical platform
Authors: Raucci Ada , Sorrentino Giuseppina , Singh Sima , Borbone Nicola , Oliviero Giorgia , Piccialli Gennaro , Terracciano Monica , Cinti Stefano 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Thrombin overexpression in serum serves as a critical biomarker and is implicated in several diseases associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Existing techniques for thrombin detection are time-consuming and require sophisticated equipment and extensive sample preparation procedures, which further delay the detection and increase the cost of the procedure. Early and accessible diagnosis at the point of care, especially in limited-resource countries, represents the first step of clinical interventions. To overcome these limitations, we have proposed an innovative, sustainable paper-based electrochemical detection platform for thrombin. In this work, a sustainable paper-based aptasensor was rationally designed, characterized, evaluated against conventional gold standard plastic-based substrates, and applied to human serum, yielding a detection limit of ~ 60 pM. The present method provides an efficient and user-friendly way for the detection of thrombin and potentially leading to better management and treatment outcomes for patients.

Graphical abstract
Multimodal neuroimaging insights into the neurobiology of healthy aging across the lifespan
Authors: Knudsen Laust Vind , Michel Tanja Maria , Farahani Ziba Ahangarani , Vafaee Manouchehr Seyedi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to advance our understanding of the neurobiology of healthy aging, which is crucial for improving quality of life and preventing age-related diseases. Despite its importance, a comprehensive investigation of this process has yet to be fully characterized.

Methods
We used a hybrid PET/MRI scanner to assess neurophysiological parameters in 80 healthy individuals aged 20–78. Cerebral amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition and glucose metabolism were assessed using PET scans, while participants underwent simultaneous MRI scans.

Results
We found a positive correlation between Aβ-deposition and aging, and a negative correlation between glucose metabolism and aging. The insula showed the strongest negative correlation between glucose metabolism and age (Spearman’s r = -0.683, 95% CI [-0.79, -0.54], p < 0.0001), while the posterior cingulate cortex had the strongest positive correlation between Aβ-deposition and age (Spearman’s r = 0.479, 95% CI [0.28, 0.64], p < 0.0001). These results suggest a spatially dependent link between Aβ-deposition and metabolism in healthy older adults, indicating a compensatory mechanism in early Alzheimer’s. Additionally, Aβ-deposition was linked to changes in interregional neural communication.

Conclusions
Our study confirms previous findings on aging and offers new insights, particularly on the role of Aβ-deposition in healthy aging. We observed a linear increase in Aβ-deposition, alongside decreases in white matter integrity, cerebral blood flow, and glucose metabolism. Additionally, we identified a complex regional relationship between Aβ-deposition, glucose metabolism, and neural communication, possibly reflecting compensatory mechanisms.
Interventional factors influencing natural killer cell immunity in colorectal cancer: a systematic review
Authors: Soh Wai Sinn , Burns Grace L. , Senanayake Tharindu , Cameron Raquel , Duncanson Kerith , Eslick Guy D. , Prasad Sharmila S. , Smith Stephen R. , Keely Simon 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background and aim
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer globally. Despite advances in curative CRC surgery, metastatic disease remains a significant problem. Emerging evidence suggests that several commonly used perioperative interventions may influence cancer immunity through natural killer (NK) cell function or numbers. This systematic review aimed to identify the effects of standard perioperative interventions on NK cells in CRC patients.

Methods
A systematic search of four databases, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Scopus was performed up to 30th July 2024 using keywords associated with colorectal cancer, NK cells and perioperative medications. PRISMA guidelines were followed. Critical appraisal was undertaken using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools for quasi-experimental studies and randomised controlled trials.

Results
The literature search identified 10,404 titles and abstracts for screening. Of these, 226 full-text papers were reviewed, and 16 studies were included for data extraction. Results were presented in a narrative synthesis due to study heterogeneity. In vivo studies consistently demonstrated a post-operative decrease in overall cytotoxic capacity and number of NK cells compared to pre-operative levels. This effect was observed across all examined medications, including fentanyl, morphine, propofol and oxycodone. Additionally, blood transfusion also resulted in decreased NK cell cytotoxicity and activity in CRC patients.

Conclusion
While surgical stress is one of the significant factor influencing NK cell cytotoxicity, this review indicates that perioperative intervention also contributes to decreased NK cell cytotoxicity. Our findings demonstrate that certain perioperative interventions (such as ketamine and morphine) can negatively impact NK cell cytotoxicity.
HDAC1-3 inhibition triggers NEDD4-mediated CCR2 downregulation and attenuates immunosuppression in myeloid-derived suppressor cells
Authors: Xie Zhiqi , Shao Jinjin , Shen Zeren , Ye Zhichao , Okada Yoshiaki , Okuzaki Daisuke , Okada Naoki , Tachibana Masashi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play a critical role in cancer progression and resistance, thus representing promising targets for immunotherapy. Despite the established role of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in epigenetic regulation of cell fate and function, their specific impact on MDSCs remains elusive. We sought to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of HDAC on MDSCs using various HDAC inhibitors. Our results indicate that HDAC1-3 inhibitors reduce CCR2 expression, a chemokine receptor that mediates the migration of monocytic (M-)MDSCs to tumors and attenuated the immunosuppressive activity of MDSCs. In an orthotropic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) murine model, HDAC1-3 inhibitors reduced the infiltration of M-MDSCs, increased the number of natural killer cells in tumors, and suppressed tumor growth. Our results also suggest that HDAC1-3 inhibitors potentiate the antitumor effects of anti-programmed cell death protein 1 antibodies. ATAC-seq and RNA-seq analyses revealed 115 genes epigenetically upregulated by HDAC1-3 inhibitors, primarily linked to transcriptional regulation and ubiquitination. We further elucidated that HDAC1-3 inhibitors facilitate CCR2 protein degradation through ubiquitination-mediated by NEDD4 E3 ligase. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism of action of HDAC1-3 inhibitors in MDSCs and suggest a potential synergistic immunotherapy strategy for clinical benefit in HCC.
Shaping immunity: the influence of the maternal gut bacteria on fetal immune development
Authors: Faas Marijke M. , Smink Alexandra M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The development of the fetal immune response is a highly complex process. In the present review, we describe the development of the fetal immune response and the role of the maternal gut bacteria in this process. In contrast to the previous belief that the fetal immune response is inert, it is now thought that the fetal immune response is uniquely tolerant to maternal and allo-antigens, but able to respond to infectious agents, such as bacteria. This is accomplished by the development of T cells toward regulatory T cells rather than toward effector T cells, but also by the presence of functional innate immune cells, such as monocytes and NK cells. Moreover, in fetuses there is different programming of CD8 + T cells and memory T cells toward innate immune cells rather than to adaptive immune cells. The maternal gut bacteria are important in shaping the fetal immune response by producing bacterial products and metabolites that pass the placenta into the fetus and influence development of the fetal immune response. Insight into how and when these products affect the fetal immune response may open new treatment options with pre- or probiotics to affect the maternal gut bacteria and therewith the fetal immune response.
When do reforms meet fairness concerns in school admissions?
Authors: Bonkoungou Somouaoga , Nesterov Alexander 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We study a series of reforms of school admissions mechanisms motivated, among other reasons, by fairness concerns and vulnerability to manipulation. Before the reforms and after, the mechanisms were vulnerable to preference manipulation and induced blocking students: students who miss desired schools despite having higher priority or seats left empty. We demonstrate that some of these reforms improved fairness by adopting mechanisms with fewer blocking students compared to the preexisting ones, while several others did not. We identify preexisting mechanisms where fairness consideration was more of an issue than vulnerability to manipulation and those where it is the reverse.
Delphi survey to gather feedback on a CONSORT extension proposal for nutrition intervention trials
Authors: William Arnold , Lachat Carl , Ahles Sanne , Murphy Karen J. , Minihane Anne-Marie , Weaver Connie , Shyam Sangeetha , Rigutto-Farebrother Jessica ,   On behalf of the Federation of European Nutrition Societies (FENS) Working Groups on Improving Standards in the Science of Nutrition.
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Inadequate reporting of nutrition data can hinder the success of nutrition health policies. CONSORT provides guidance for reporting of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and is required by most journals today, yet reporting of nutrition interventions may benefit from a more tailored approach. A Federation of European Nutrition Societies working group was created to improve quality and completeness of reporting of nutrition trials, and our work to date features a proposal for a CONSORT extension specific to nutrition RCTs. The present manuscript describes a Delphi survey conducted to gather opinion from a wider panel of nutrition and health experts and related interest-holders on our proposal.

Methods
We invited 138 potentially eligible participants to take part in the Delphi survey from a representative spread of expertise and geography. We employed a Likert scale with comments for our 32-item proposal in round 1, and a dichotomous scale with comments for our 29-item proposal in round 2. Threshold for agreement was set at ≥ 80% for both rounds.

Results
Forty-seven potentially eligible participants responded to our invitation, 38 completed the first round and 36 completed the second. N = 23 (72%) items achieved ≥ 80% in round 1, and 100% of items in round 2. Three items were dropped or merged following round 1. A third Delphi round was not required to obtain consensus.

Conclusions
This Delphi expert consensus proposes a 29-item checklist specific to the reporting of nutrition RCTs and will inform further development of guidance through forthcoming consensus meetings.
Improving the selenium supply of vegans and omnivores with Brazil nut butter compared to a dietary supplement in a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Simon Rebecca , Lossow Kristina , Pellowski Denny , Kipp Kristin , Achatz Michaela , Klasen Nicole , Schwerdtle Tanja , Dawczynski Christine , Kipp Anna P. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
A vegan diet is associated with health benefits but may also lead to inadequate intake of essential nutrients. Due to the lower selenium content in plant-based compared to animal-based foods, many vegans do not reach the recommended selenium intake in Europe. The only plant-based food with high selenium content is the Brazil nut, even though there is also a high variability. Therefore, we investigated the effectiveness of Brazil nut butter compared to a dietary supplement as selenium source to improve the selenium status of vegans and omnivores.

Methods
44 vegans and 42 omnivores were randomly assigned to one of three intervention groups, either receiving placebo or consuming additional 55 µg of selenium daily as Brazil nut butter or supplement for two weeks. Serum selenium concentrations, glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3), and selenoprotein P (SELENOP) were measured at baseline and after intervention. Additionally, dietary selenium intake was estimated using a five-day dietary protocol.

Results
The estimated selenium intake was significantly lower in vegans compared to omnivores and correlated with all three selenium biomarkers. Independent of the dietary pattern (vegan or omnivore), Brazil nut butter as well as supplement significantly increased serum selenium and SELENOP concentrations, while there were no changes in the placebo groups. Both interventions were equally effective in increasing selenium levels, but the upregulation of SELENOP was more pronounced in vegans than in omnivores.

Conclusion
Brazil nuts are a plant-based source of selenium suitable for vegans and omnivores to improve their selenium status when consumed once in a while.

Trial registration number and date of registration
Clinical trials registration number: NCT05814874, April 18 2023.
Maternal diet quality and circulating extracellular vesicle and particle miRNA during pregnancy
Authors: Muse Meghan E. , Wang Yuting , Gilbert-Diamond Diane , Armstrong David A. , Hoen Anne G. , Romano Megan E. , Gui Jiang , Palys Thomas J. , Kolling Frederick W. , Christensen Brock C. , Karagas Margaret R. , Howe Caitlin G. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
During pregnancy, extracellular vesicle and particle microRNAs (EVP miRNA) in maternal circulation have the capacity to cross the placenta and facilitate maternal-fetal communication. Both dysregulation of circulating EVP miRNA during pregnancy and maternal diet quality have been previously associated with pregnancy complications and adverse birth outcomes. However, little is known about how maternal diet influences circulating EVP miRNA during pregnancy. This study assesses associations between maternal diet quality, as measured by the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (2010; AHEI-2010), and EVP miRNA levels in maternal circulation during pregnancy.

Methods
In a pilot study of 53 pregnant participants in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study, maternal diet quality was assessed using AHEI-2010 and plasma (mean gestational age at blood collection: 28.8 weeks) EVP miRNA were profiled using the NanoString nCounter platform which interrogates 798 miRNA transcripts.

Results
In covariate-adjusted models, the AHEI-2010 adherence score was negatively associated (P < 0.05) with the number of unique miRNA transcripts detectable in each sample. In post hoc analyses, greater consumption of red and processed meats was positively associated with levels of 7 miRNA (Q < 0.05), including hsa-miR-512-5p (P

Bonf
< 0.01), a member of the placenta-specific chromosome 19 miRNA cluster.

Conclusion
We identified associations between the consumption of red and processed meat and levels of circulating select EVP miRNA during pregnancy, including placenta-specific miRNA and miRNA with target genes overrepresented in pathways involved in placental development. Additional research is needed to assess whether alterations in maternal circulating EVP miRNA may mediate maternal diet quality’s impacts on pregnancy and birth outcomes.