bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of an Unsupervised Primaquine Regimen for Preventing Plasmodium vivax Malaria Relapses in Northeast Myanmar: A Single-Arm Nonrandomized Observational Study
Authors: Malla Pallavi , Wang Zenglei , Brashear Awtum , Yang Zhaoqing , Lo Eugenia , Baird Kevin , Wang Chengqi , Cui Liwang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Plasmodium vivax presents a significant challenge for malaria elimination in the Greater Mekong Subregion. We evaluated the effectiveness of primaquine for reducing relapses of vivax malaria.

Methods
Patients with uncomplicated P vivax malaria from eastern Myanmar received chloroquine (25-mg base/kg given in 3 days) plus unsupervised PQ (0.25 mg/kg/d for 14 days) without screening for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and were followed for a year.

Results
A total of 556 patients were enrolled to receive the chloroquine/primaquine treatment from February 2012 to August 2013. During the follow-up, 38 recurrences were detected, presenting a cumulative recurrence rate of 9.1% (95% CI, 4.1%–14.1%). Genotyping at the pvmsp1 and pvmsp3α loci by amplicon deep sequencing and model prediction indicated that 13 of the 27 recurrences with genotyping data were likely due to relapses. Notably, all confirmed relapses occurred within the first 6 months.

Conclusions
The unsupervised standard dose of primaquine was highly effective as a radical cure for P vivax malaria in eastern Myanmar. The high presumed effectiveness might have benefited from the health messages delivered during the enrollment and follow-up activities. Six-month follow-ups in the Greater Mekong Subregion are sufficient for detecting most relapses.
The incorporation of extracellular vesicle markers varies among vesicles with distinct surface charges
Authors: Maeda Koki , Goto Simon , Miura Koya , Saito Koki , Morita Eiji 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important mediators of intercellular communication. However, the methods available for distinguishing the heterogeneity of secreted EVs and isolating and purifying them are limited. This study introduced a HiBiT-tag to detect various EV markers, including CD63, CD9, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), Flotilin1, and Syndecan-1, and investigated whether these marker-containing vesicles were capable of binding to differently charged column carriers. Four column carriers, Diethylaminoethyl (DEAE), Capto Adhere, Blue and Heparin, showed affinity for CD63 containing EVs, but their elution patterns varied. Furthermore, we observed that the elution patterns of the EV markers differed among vesicles with distinct surface charges when a DEAE column was used. This suggests that the incorporation of EV markers varied between these vesicles. The markers showed different subcellular localizations, indicating that the site of vesicle formation may contribute to the production of vesicles with varying charges and marker incorporation. These findings may have implications for the development of methods to purify homogeneous EVs, which could be useful in EV-mediated drug delivery systems.
Black hole binaries in AGN accretion discs – II. Gas effects on black hole satellite scatterings
Authors: Rowan Connar , Whitehead Henry , Boekholt Tjarda , Kocsis Bence , Haiman Zoltán 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
The black hole (BH) binaries in active galactic nuclei (AGN) are expected to form mainly through scattering encounters in the ambient gaseous medium. Recent simulations, including our own, have confirmed this formation pathway is highly efficient. We perform 3D smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations of BH scattering encounters in AGN discs. Using a range of impact parameters, we probe the necessary conditions for binary capture and how different orbital trajectories affect the dissipative effects from the gas. We identify a single range of impact parameters, typically of width ∼0.86−1.59 binary Hill radii depending on AGN disc density, that reliably leads to binary formation. The periapsis of the first encounter is the primary variable that determines the outcome of the initial scattering. We find an associated power law between the energy dissipated and the periapsis depth to be ΔE ∝ r−b with b = 0.42 ± 0.16, where deeper encounters dissipate more energy. Excluding accretion physics does not significantly alter these results. We identify the region of parameter space in initial energy versus impact parameter where a scattering leads to binary formation. Based on our findings, we provide a ready-to-use analytic criterion that utilizes these two pre-encounter parameters to determine the outcome of an encounter, with a reliability rate of &gt;90 per cent. As the criterion is based directly on our simulations, it provides a reliable and highly physically motivated criterion for predicting binary scattering outcomes which can be used in population studies of BH binaries and mergers around AGN.
Emulation of the cosmic dawn 21-cm power spectrum and classification of excess radio models using an artificial neural network
Authors: Sikder Sudipta , Barkana Rennan , Reis Itamar , Fialkov Anastasia 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
The cosmic 21-cm line of hydrogen is expected to be measured in detail by the next generation of radio telescopes. The enormous data set from future 21-cm surveys will revolutionize our understanding of early cosmic times. We present a machine learning approach based on an artificial neural network that uses emulation in order to uncover the astrophysics in the epoch of reionization and cosmic dawn. Using a seven-parameter astrophysical model that covers a very wide range of possible 21-cm signals, over the redshift range 6 to 30 and wavenumber range 0.05 to $1 \ \rm {Mpc}^{-1}$ we emulate the 21-cm power spectrum with a typical accuracy of $10 - 20~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. As a realistic example, we train an emulator using the power spectrum with an optimistic noise model of the square kilometre array (SKA). Fitting to mock SKA data results in a typical measurement accuracy of 2.8 per cent in the optical depth to the cosmic microwave background, 34 per cent in the star-formation efficiency of galactic haloes, and a factor of 9.6 in the X-ray efficiency of galactic haloes. Also, with our modelling we reconstruct the true 21-cm power spectrum from the mock SKA data with a typical accuracy of $15 - 30~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. In addition to standard astrophysical models, we consider two exotic possibilities of strong excess radio backgrounds at high redshifts. We use a neural network to identify the type of radio background present in the 21-cm power spectrum, with an accuracy of 87 per cent for mock SKA data.
Chaotic Type I migration in turbulent discs
Authors: Wu Yinhao , Chen Yi-Xian , Lin Douglas N C 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
By performing global hydrodynamical simulations of accretion discs with driven turbulence models, we demonstrate that elevated levels of turbulence induce highly stochastic migration torques on low-mass companions embedded in these discs. This scenario applies to planets migrating within gravito-turbulent regions of protoplanetary discs as well as stars and black holes embedded in the outskirts of active galactic nucleus (AGN) accretion discs. When the turbulence level is low, linear Lindblad torque persists in the background of stochastic forces and its accumulative effect can still dominate over relatively long time-scales. However, in the presence of very stronger turbulence, classical flow patterns around the companion embedded in the disc are disrupted, leading to significant deviations from the expectations of classical Type I migration theory over arbitrarily long time-scales. Our findings suggest that the stochastic nature of turbulent migration can prevent low-mass companions from monotonically settling into universal migration traps within the traditional laminar disc framework, thus reducing the frequency of three-body interactions and hierarchical mergers compared to previously expected. We propose a scaling for the transition mass ratio from classical to chaotic migration q ∝ αR, where αR is the Reynolds viscosity stress parameter, which can be further tested and refined by conducting extensive simulations over the relevant parameter space.
Energy–momentum and angular momentum densities in the Poincaré gauge theory of gravity
Authors: Kawai Toshiharu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the $\overline{\rm {Poincar\acute{e}}}$ gauge theory of gravity, we examine the energy–momentum and angular momentum densities of the source of the gravitational field (gauge potentials $A^{k}{}_{\mu }, \, A^{kl}{}_{\mu }$). There are two types of these quantities, the Hilbert-type densities ${\boldsymbol \Theta}_{k}{}^{\mu },\, {\boldsymbol \Phi}_{kl}{}^{\mu }$, which appear in the right-hand sides of the gravitational field equations, and $\, ^{M}{\boldsymbol T}_{k}{}^{\mu }, \, ^{M}{\boldsymbol S}_{kl}{}^{\mu }$, which are the densities (Noether currents) of the generators of $T^{4}\underline{\otimes }SL(2,C)$ transformations. We show that these are identical to each other, respectively, i.e., ${\boldsymbol \Theta}_{k}{}^{\mu }\equiv \, ^{M}{\boldsymbol T}_{k}{}^{\mu } ,\, {\boldsymbol \Phi}_{kl}{}^{\mu }\equiv \, ^{M}{\boldsymbol S}_{kl}{}^{\mu }$, in parallel with the cases of the electromagnetic and Yang–Mills fields.
‘Telling them “that’s what it says in the guidance” didn’t feel good enough’: moral distress during the pandemic in UK public health professionals
Authors: Bow Steven M A , Schröder-Bäck Peter , Norcliffe-Brown Dominic , Wilson James , Tahzib Farhang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
The study aimed to identify the causes of moral distress in public health professionals associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, and the potential ways of avoiding or mitigating the distress.

Methods
The survey was distributed to all members of the UK Faculty of Public Health between 14 December 2021 and 23 February 2022. Conventional qualitative content analysis was conducted to explore the situations in which moral distress arises, the moral judgments that led to distress and the proposed ways to address moral distress.

Results
A total of 629 responses were received from respondents broadly representative of the public health professional workforce. The main situations causing moral distress were national policy, guidance and law; public health advice; and workplace environments. Moral distress was precipitated by judgments about having caused injury, being unable to do good, dishonest communications and unjust prioritization. The need to improve guidance, communication and preparedness was recognized, though there was disagreement over how to achieve this. There were consistent calls for more subsidiarity, moral development and support and freedom to voice concerns.

Conclusions
The causes of moral distress in public health are distinct from other healthcare professions. Important proposals for addressing moral distress associated with the COVID-19 pandemic have been voiced by public health professionals themselves.
Folic acid antioxidant supplementation to binge drinking adolescent rats improves hydric‐saline balance and blood pressure, but fails to increase renal NO availability and glomerular filtration rate
Authors: Gallego‐López María del Carmen , Ojeda María Luisa , Romero‐Herrera Inés , Rua Rui Manuel , Carreras Olimpia , Nogales Fátima 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBinge drinking (BD) is an especially pro‐oxidant pattern of alcohol consumption, particularly widespread in the adolescent population. In the kidneys, it affects the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to high blood pressure. BD exposure also disrupts folic acid (FA) homeostasis and its antioxidant properties. The aim of this study is to test a FA supplementation as an effective therapy against the oxidative, nitrosative, and apoptotic damage as well as the renal function alteration occurred after BD in adolescence. Four groups of adolescent rats were used: control, BD (exposed to intraperitoneal alcohol), control FA‐supplemented group and BD FA‐supplemented group. Dietary FA content in control groups was 2 ppm, and 8 ppm in supplemented groups. BD provoked an oxidative imbalance in the kidneys by dysregulating antioxidant enzymes and increasing the enzyme NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), which led to an increase in caspase‐9. BD also altered the renal nitrosative status affecting the expression of the three nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) isoforms, leading to a decrease in NO levels. Functionally, BD produced a hydric‐electrolytic imbalance, a low GFR and an increase in blood pressure. FA supplementation to BD adolescent rats improved the oxidative, nitrosative, and apoptotic balance, recovering the hydric‐electrolytic equilibrium and blood pressure. However, neither NO levels nor GFR were recovered, showing in this study for the first time that NO availability in the kidneys plays a crucial role in GFR regulation that the antioxidant effects of FA cannot repair.
Frequency and Characteristics of Posterior Labral Injuries in Operative Acetabular Fractures Treated Through a Posterior Approach: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Nolte Elizabeth , Blommer Joseph , Som Maria , Parsa Shirin , Kim Peter , Hasan Sania , Boissonneault Adam , O’Hara Nathan N. , Slobogean Gerard P. , O’Toole Robert V. 
Published: November 2023

OBJECTIVE:
The association between labral injuries and acetabular fractures is unknown. This study aimed to identify the frequency and characteristics of labral injuries in operatively treated acetabular fractures that cannot be identified on preoperative imaging.

METHODS:

Design:
Prospective observational cohort.

Setting:
Level I trauma center.

Patient Selection Criteria:
Adult patients with an acetabular fracture operatively treated through a posterior approach.

Outcome Measures and Comparisons:
The frequency and characteristics of labral injuries.

RESULTS:
Fifty-three of 71 acetabular fractures (75%; 95% CI, 63%–83%) demonstrated a labral injury visible via the posterior approach. Posterior labral injuries occured in 88.7% of operative acetabular fracture patterns involving the posterior wall and most commonly represent a detachment of the posteroinferior labrum (n = 39, 75%). Fractures with a labral injury were more likely to have gluteus minimus damage (93% vs. 61%, P = 0.02), femoral head lesions (38% vs.17%, P = 0.03), joint capsule detachment (60% vs. 33%, P = 0.05), and fracture patterns involving the posterior wall (89% vs. 50%, P = 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:
This study describes the high rate (89%) of posterior labral injuries in posterior wall fractures, the most common injury pattern being a detachment of the posteroinferior labrum. Labral injuries in acetabular fractures may have important clinical implications and this study is the first to identify the frequency and characteristics of these injuries. Further studies should assess the relationship between labral injuries, treatment strategies, and the progression to post-traumatic osteoarthritis.
Reimbursement of Lumbar Fusion at an Orthopaedic Specialty Hospital Versus Tertiary Referral Center
Authors: Karamian Brian A. , Canseco Jose A. , Kanhere Arun P. , Minetos Paul D. , Lambrechts Mark J. , Lee Yunsoo , Trenchfield Delano , Pohl Nicholas , Kothari Parth , Conaway William , Jeyamohan Hareindra , Endersby Kevin , Kaye David , Woods Barrett I. , Rihn Jeffrey A. , Kurd Mark F. , Hilibrand Alan S. , Kepler Christopher K. , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Schroeder Gregory D. 
Published: November 2023

Study Design:
Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective:
To explore the differences in Medicare reimbursement for lumbar fusion performed at an orthopaedic specialty hospital (OSH) and a tertiary referral center and to elucidate drivers of Medicare reimbursement differences.

Summary of Background Data:
To provide more cost-efficient care, appropriately selected patients are increasingly being transitioned to OSHs for lumbar fusion procedures. There are no studies directly comparing reimbursement of lumbar fusion between tertiary referral centers (TRC) and OSHs.

Methods:
Reimbursement data for a tertiary referral center and an orthopaedic specialty hospital were compiled through the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Any patient with lumbar fusions between January 2014 and December 2018 were identified. OSH patients were matched to TRC patients by demographic and surgical variables. Outcomes analyzed were reimbursement data, procedure data, 90-day complications and readmissions, operating room times, and length of stay (LOS).

Results:
A total of 114 patients were included in the final cohort. The tertiary referral center had higher post-trigger ($13,554 vs. $8,541, P<0.001) and total episode ($49,973 vs. $43,512, P<0.010) reimbursements. Lumbar fusion performed at an OSH was predictive of shorter OR time (β=0.77, P<0.001), shorter procedure time (β=0.71, P<0.001), and shorter LOS (β=0.53, P<0.001). There were no significant differences in complications (9.21% vs. 15.8%, P=0.353) or readmission rates (3.95% vs. 7.89%, P=0.374) between the 2 hospitals; however, our study is underpowered for complications and readmissions.

Conclusion:
Lumbar fusion performed at an OSH, compared with a tertiary referral center, is associated with significant Medicare cost savings, shorter perioperative times, decreased LOS, and decreased utilization of post-acute resources.

Level of Evidence:
3.
Development and validation of a nutrition-related genetic–clinical–radiological nomogram associated with behavioral and psychological symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Jiang Jiwei , Liu Yaou , Wang Anxin , Zhuo Zhizheng , Shi Hanping , Zhang Xiaoli , Li Wenyi , Sun Mengfan , Jiang Shirui , Wang Yanli , Zou Xinying , Zhang Yuan , Jia Ziyan , Xu Jun 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background:
Few evidence is available in the early prediction models of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This study aimed to develop and validate a novel genetic–clinical–radiological nomogram for evaluating BPSD in patients with AD and explore its underlying nutritional mechanism.

Methods:
This retrospective study included 165 patients with AD from the Chinese Imaging, Biomarkers, and Lifestyle (CIBL) cohort between June 1, 2021, and March 31, 2022. Data on demoimagedatas, neuropsychological assessments, single-nucleotide polymorphisms of AD risk genes, and regional brain volumes were collected. A multivariate logistic regression model identified BPSD-associated factors, for subsequently constructing a diagnostic nomogram. This nomogram was internally validated through 1000-bootstrap resampling and externally validated using a time-series split based on the CIBL cohort data between June 1, 2022, and February 1, 2023. Area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to assess the discrimination, calibration, and clinical applicability of the nomogram.

Results:
Factors independently associated with BPSD were: CETP rs1800775 (odds ratio [OR] = 4.137, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.276–13.415, P = 0.018), decreased Mini Nutritional Assessment score (OR = 0.187, 95% CI: 0.086–0.405, P <0.001), increased caregiver burden inventory score (OR = 8.993, 95% CI: 3.830–21.119, P <0.001), and decreased brain stem volume (OR = 0.006, 95% CI: 0.001–0.191, P = 0.004). These variables were incorporated into the nomogram. The area under the ROC curve was 0.925 (95% CI: 0.884–0.967, P <0.001) in the internal validation and 0.791 (95% CI: 0.686–0.895, P <0.001) in the external validation. The calibration plots showed favorable consistency between the prediction of nomogram and actual observations, and the DCA showed that the model was clinically useful in both validations.

Conclusion:
A novel nomogram was established and validated based on lipid metabolism-related genes, nutritional status, and brain stem volumes, which may allow patients with AD to benefit from early triage and more intensive monitoring of BPSD.

Registration:
Chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2100049131.
Factors of Missed Nursing Care in Intensive Care Units
Authors: Daraghmeh Hameed , Ayed Ahmad , Salameh Basma , Fashafsheh Imad 
Published: November 2023

Maintaining a high standard of nursing care is imperative for ensuring patient safety. Several factors significantly impact the provision of nursing care, including work environment resources, personnel coordination, work systems, and head nurse leadership. In addition, each nurse's clinical and academic career also plays a role in shaping the quality of care provided to patients.
This article reports results of a cross-sectional study aimed to identify the different types of missed nursing care and the factors that contribute to them, as perceived by nurses, and second, to investigate how nurses' characteristics may relate to the occurrence of missed nursing care. Data for this study were obtained through a self-administered questionnaire that was distributed to participants working in an intensive care unit. The study included a final sample size of 176 participants, all of whom worked in intensive care unit hospitals located in the north region of Palestine.
The study found that handwashing, setting up meals for patients who feed themselves, discharge planning, and response to a call light were the most frequently missed nursing care activities. The primary factors identified as reasons for missed nursing care were inadequate availability of labor and material resources, along with communication issues. Efforts to address these identified issues can potentially lead to improved quality of nursing care in intensive care units.
Antiplatelet Agents Inhibit Platelet Adhesion and Aggregation on Glass Surface Under Physiological Flow Conditions: Toward a Microfluidic Platelet Functional Assay Without Additional Adhesion Protein Modification
Authors: Liu Zhanshu , Huang Xiaojing , Gao Xuemei , Zhang Tiancong , He Cui , Ding Ling , Li Yuan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract:
As the pathogenesis of arterial thrombosis often includes platelet adhesion and aggregation, antiplatelet agents are commonly used to prevent thromboembolic events. Here, a new microfluidic method without additional adhesion protein modification was developed to quantify the inhibitory effect of antiplatelet drugs on the adhesion and aggregation behavior of platelets on glass surfaces under physiological flow conditions. Polydimethylsiloxane-glass microfluidic chips were fabricated by soft photolithography. Blood samples from healthy volunteers or patients before and after taking antiplatelet drugs flowed through the microchannels at wall shear rates of 300 and 1500 second−1, respectively. The time to reach 2.5% platelet aggregation surface coverage (Ti), surface coverage (A150s), and mean fluorescence intensity (F150s) were used as quantitative indicators. Aspirin (80 μM) prolonged Ti and reduced F150s. Alprostadil, ticagrelor, eptifibatide, and tirofiban prolonged Ti and reduced A150s and F150s in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas high concentrations of alprostadil did not completely inhibit platelet aggregation. Aspirin combined with ticagrelor synergistically inhibited platelet adhesion and aggregation; GPIb-IX-von Willebrand factor inhibitors partially inhibited platelet aggregation, and the inhibition was more pronounced at 1500 than at 300 second−1. Patient administration of aspirin or (and) clopidogrel inhibited platelet adhesion and aggregation on the glass surface under flow conditions. This technology is capable of distinguishing the pharmacological effects of various antiplatelet drugs on inhibition of platelet adhesion aggregation on glass surface under physiological flow conditions, which providing a new way to develop microfluidic platelet function detection method without additional adhesive protein modification for determining the inhibitory effects of antiplatelet drugs in the clinical setting.