bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of multifaceted implementation of guidelines in primary care
Authors: Wright John , Warren Erica , Reeves Jayne , Bibby John , Harrison Stephen , Dowswell George , Russell Ian , Russell Daphne 
Published: June 2003

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a tailored and multifaceted approach to the implementation of nationally recommended and evidence-based guidelines in primary care within existing systems and resources. Methods: A non-randomised Latin square to compare guideline implementation in two neighbouring health districts covering 180 general practices. Evidence-based guidelines for the treatment of patients with asthma and angina were implemented actively in one district and passively disseminated in the other district. Outcome measures for asthma were smoking status and inhaler technique. For angina the outcome measures were: smoking status; blood pressure; aspirin prescribed, contraindicated or self-medicated; beta-blocker prescribed or contraindicated; routine hospital admission; prescribed drugs; self-reported change. Results: There were improvements in all outcome criteria between baseline and follow-up audits, regardless of whether the guideline was actively implemented or passively disseminated. The estimated increase in the proportion of records complying with guidelines was 4% [95% confidence intervals (CI): 0, 8] and was higher in intervention than in control practices. Using only records not compliant at baseline, the corresponding difference was 15% (95% CI: 7, 24). The only significant improvement associated with active implementation was smoking status in angina patients. Both prescribing and hospital admission monthly totals changed during the period of the trial, but there was no significant difference between the pattern of changes in intervention and control districts. A significantly greater proportion of health professionals saw the intervention guideline compared with the control (75% versus 25%). There was a significant correlation between self-reported change and interventions steps ( P < 0.05). Conclusions: Increases in quality markers occurred irrespective of the multifaceted implementation efforts. Some of this increase was due to the method of data collection. Nevertheless, national initiatives may have more influence than local implementation initiatives.
Learning from experience: privacy and the secondary use of data in health research
Authors: Lowrance William 
Published: June 2003

Health services research must continually address the question: Under what conditions may data not collected specifically for research, such as primary medical data, be re-used for research without compromising the privacy of the data-subjects? For secondary use of data in research there are basically three options. Option A: Use personal data with consent or other assent from the data-subjects. To make this both fairer and more practical, in many circumstances broader construals of consent, or permission or approval, need to be explored and instituted. Option B: Anonymise the data, then use them. For many studies, this is the most practical and desirable option. The craft of anonymisation, including reversible anonymisation, or key-coding, needs to be developed and more fully supported under law. Option C: Use personal data without explicit consent, under a public interest mandate. Whether and how the data should be anonymised will depend on the situation. Public health mandates and protections deserve to be clarified, strengthened and extended for a variety of surveillance, registration, clinical audit, health services research and other types of investigation. Safeguards are an integral part of the research promise to the public, offer crucial reassurance and should be emphasised. For health services research, databases are core resources, and their stewardship must be cultivated.
Health research and the Data Protection Act 1998
Authors: Boyd Phil 
Published: June 2003

The 1998 Data Protection Act in the UK largely restates existing good practice: individuals have a right to know what data are held about them and why; and those processing data have a duty to proceed with fairness and transparency, maintain high data quality and keep data secure. Some health researchers have criticised the Act, seeing it as a legal minefield, unnecessary bureaucracy and interference from the European Union. This is largely based on misconceptions. Recent guidance from the Information Commissioner aims to assist researchers by advising how legal requirements can be met through anonymisation of data, attention to data-processing methods and fair collection of data. The Act provides a clear framework of rights and responsibilities that should be embraced with enthusiasm rather than with the reluctance of a person forced to carry out a meaningless chore.
Increased realism in eyewitness confidence judgements: the effect of dyadic collaboration
Authors: Allwood Carl Martin , Granhag Pär Anders , Johansson Marcus 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThis study investigated to what extent, and under what circumstances, pair collaboration influences the realism in eyewitness confidence in event memory. The participants first saw a short film clip and then confidence rated their answers to questions on its content. A condition (the Individual–Pair condition) where individual effort preceded pair collaboration showed better calibration compared with a condition (the Simple Pair condition) where no individual effort took place. Furthermore, within the Individual–Pair condition, better calibration, and lower overconfidence, were found in the pair phase compared with the individual phase. The eyewitnesses in the Individual–Pair condition made more realistic judgements of the total number of questions answered correctly. In a control experiment no effect on realism in confidence was found when individuals performed the same task twice. The improved realism in the Individual–Pair condition may partly be explained in terms of the increased accuracy and lowered confidence found for such items where the pair members' had given different answers in the individual phase, and by a risky shift effect for such items where they had given the same answer. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selective exposure to television programmes and advertising effectiveness
Authors: Norris Claire E. , Colman Andrew M. , Aleixo Paulo A. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThis study focused on the influence of selective exposure within an experiment designed to investigate context effects on advertising effectiveness. In a semi‐natural viewing environment, 86 participants chose one of four television programmes to view. The programmes belonged to diverse genres: news and current affairs, light entertainment, sport, and action‐adventure. Each programme was interrupted by two commercial breaks containing unfamiliar advertisements for familiar product types. Self‐rated involvement, entertainment, and enjoyment of programmes correlated positively with subsequent measures of memory for and responses to the advertisements. The results support the hypothesis that the operation of selective exposure within an experimental situation may result in positive relationships between predictor variables and measures of advertisement effectiveness. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural behavior of nanometric carbohydrate films transduced by a resonant technique
Authors: Palkovits Roland , Mayer Christian , Bauer Georg , Winkler Heinz , Pittner Fritz , Schalkhammer Thomas 
Published: June 2003

AbstractNew optical nanoresonance effects enabled us to study the effect of ions on nanometric carbohydrate thin layers on chips. Immobilization was done via spin coating of the derivatized carbohydrate polymer at a metallized chip surface forming ultrathin films (about 50–300 nm thick) followed by photochemical cross‐linking. Deposition of metal‐nanoclusters, synthesized by chemical means and sputter coating on top of the polymer, induced an optical resonance effect, which transduced changes of polymer structure quantitatively into an optical signal that can be observed directly as resonance shift of a narrow optical peak. The response of the sensor chip even visible to the eye was quantified spectroscopically in the visible and ir range of the spectrum. The lifetime of thin film was good, and thus application as a sensor was limited only by the mechanical stability of the reactive matrix, but not by photobleaching or molecular leakage. Due to the inherent hydrophilic nature of the alginate polymer, the response time of this new sensor is governed by simple aqueous diffusion of the ionic calcium for up to 300 nm completed within less than one second. Monitoring of calcium fluctuations in a high background of magnesium and even serum was demonstrated with a dynamic range optimal for physiological measurements and a linear response up to 5 mM. Surface and alignment of polymer chain were influenced by the nanostructure of the supporting metal film—contrary to alginic acid, chitosan was deposited well aligned to the nanocrystals of the support. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 69: 333–342, 2003
Fourier transform IR spectroscopic appraisal of radiation damage in Micrococcus luteus
Authors: Perromat Annie , Melin Anne‐Marie , Lorin Chrystelle , Deleris Gerard 
Published: June 2003

AbstractFourier transform IR spectroscopy (FTIR) is used to analyze cells of Micrococcus luteus, the type species of the highly heterogeneous genus Micrococcus that belongs to the Micrococcaceae family. The cells of M. luteus, which is a Gram‐positive and yellow‐pigmented bacterium, are submitted to increasing doses of γ radiation. Irradiation leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species that induce biochemical changes as shown in spectral profiles. Beyond a dose of 0.70 kGy, significant differences between samples are observed, particularly in the 1485–900 cm−1 region, which contains information about membrane lipids, cell wall polysaccharides, and nucleic acids. After a dose of 16.50 kGy, M. luteus is reincubated for times ranging from 1 to 24 h. Postirradiation reincubated bacteria are found far from the control and irradiated cells (mainly in the 985–900 cm−1 range), suggesting that a biomolecular rearrangement occurs as soon as reincubation begins in the growth medium. Thus, FTIR spectroscopy appears to be a very useful technique for the rapid visualization of the alterations induced by both the radiation and mutagenic response during reincubation. The use of mathematical methods gives good insight into the biomolecular compounds involved in these two mechanisms. In view of these preliminary results, we hypothesize that it can be successfully applied to any type of tissue and that it may be a future interesting tool for evaluating the effects of radiation in humans. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Biospectroscopy), 2003
Controlled hydrophobic/hydrophilicity of chitosan for spheres without specific processing technique
Authors: Yoksan Rangrong , Akashi Mitsuru , Hiwatari Ken‐ichiro , Chirachanchai Suwabun 
Published: June 2003

AbstractChitosan is functionalized with phthalic anhydride at the amino group and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether at the hydroxyl group via homogeneous reaction. The product regenerated forms particles in either aqueous solution or organic solvents. The particles are spheres with the size of few micrometers as observed from scanning electronmicroscopy. The present work demonstrates that by simply adjusting the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity, we can directly obtain spheres without a specific processing technique. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 69: 386–390, 2003
IR spectroscopic studies of major cellular components. III. Hydration of protein, nucleic acid, and phospholipid films
Authors: Pevsner Alex , Diem Max 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe IR absorption spectra of protein, DNA, RNA, and phospholipid films as a function of the water content are reported. We find that the hydration of protein films affects the peak intensity of amide I and amide II bands and the shape of the amide III band. For nucleic acids, the symmetric (νS PO) and antisymmetric (νAS PO) stretching vibrations of the phosphate linkage are the most affected by hydration, because both intensity changes and frequency shifts are observed. The spectra of phospholipid films are also sensitive to hydration, and they exhibit changes in the peak intensities and frequencies of both νS PO and νAS PO vibrations. We interpret the spectral differences between water saturated and dried films both in terms of structural changes and the change in the local dielectric in the vicinity of the polar and solvent exposed groups. In addition, we observe that the most significant change in the absorption intensity, frequency, and shape of the water sensitive vibrations occurs at high hydration levels. The principal component analysis of hydration results and the kinetics of water removal from sample films are also discussed. In addition, protein spectra acquired using film and KBr pellet sampling techniques are compared. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Biospectroscopy), 2003
Rapid determination of rat plasma uridine levels by HPLC‐ESI‐MS utilizing the Captiva™ filter plates for sample preparation
Authors: Williams Marta G. , Palandra Joe , Shobe Eric M. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractA rapid, accurate and precise HPLC‐ESI‐MS method for the determination of rat plasma uridine concentrations was developed and is described here. Sample preparation involves methanol precipitation of plasma proteins in a 96‐well Captiva™ protein precipitation filter plate. A clear extract is drawn through the filter plate with vacuum, followed by evaporation of the extract and subsequent reconstitution prior to chromatography on a reversed‐phase column with an aqueous mobile phase [0.1% (v/v) glacial acetic acid]. Detection was accomplished by positive‐ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. A calibration curve ranging in concentration from 0.78 to 25 µM was constructed by best‐fit, 1/x weighting linear regression analysis of the calibration standard concentrations vs peak height ratios of analyte with internal standard. The correlation coefficient was >0.995. The overall assay accuracy as shown by the back‐calculated concentrations of the calibration curve ranged from 96.6 to 103% with RSD ranging from 4.5 to 20%. While this assay method was developed for the determination of uridine in rat plasma, it could be readily adapted for determination of uridine in plasma from other species, such as human. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous determination of aceclofenac and three of its metabolites in human plasma by high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Hinz Burkhard , Auge Daniel , Rau Thomas , Rietbrock Stephan , Brune Kay , Werner Ulrike 
Published: June 2003

AbstractAceclofenac {[2‐(2′,6′‐dichlorophenyl)amino]phenylacetoxyacetic acid} is a phenylacetic acid derivative with potent analgesic and anti‐inflammatory properties and an improved gastro‐intestinal tolerance. In the present study, a liquid–liquid extraction‐based reversed‐phase HPLC method with UV detection was validated and applied for the analysis of aceclofenac and three of its metabolites (4′‐hydroxy‐aceclofenac, diclofenac, 4′‐hydroxy‐diclofenac) in human plasma. The analytes were separated using an acetonitrile–phosphate buffer gradient at a flow rate of 1 mL/min, and UV detection at 282 nm. The retention times for aceclofenac, diclofenac, 4′‐hydroxy‐aceclofenac, 4′‐hydroxy‐diclofenac and ketoprofen (internal standard) were 69.1, 60.9, 46.9, 28.4 and 21.2 min, respectively. The validated quantitation range of the method was 10–10,000 ng/mL for aceclofenac, 4′‐hydroxy‐aceclofenac and diclofenac, and 25–10,000 ng/mL for 4′‐hydroxy‐diclofenac. The developed procedure was applied to assess the pharmacokinetics of aceclofenac and its metabolites following administration of a single 100 mg oral dose of aceclofenac to three healthy male volunteers. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generalized orthogonal multiple co‐inertia analysis(–PLS): new multiblock component and regression methods
Authors: Vivien Myrtille , Sabatier Robert 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to develop new component‐wise component and regression multiblock methods that overcome some of the difficulties traditionally associated with multiblocks, such as the step‐by‐step optimization and component orthogonalities. Generalized orthogonal multiple co‐inertia analysis (GOMCIA) and generalized orthogonal multiple co‐inertia analysis–partial least squares (GOMCIA–PLS) are proposed for modelling two sets of blocks measured on the same observations. We especially emphasize GOMCIA–PLS methods in which we consider one of the sets as predictive. All these methods are based on the step‐by‐step maximization of the same criterion under normalization constraints and produce orthogonal components or super‐components. The solutions of the problem have to be computed with an iterative algorithm (which we prove to be convergent). We also give some interesting special cases and discuss the differences compared with a few other multiblock and/or multiway methods. Finally, short examples of real data are processed to show how GOMCIA–PLS can be used and its properties. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
N,N′‐Disubstituted Ureas: Influence of Substituents on the Formation of Supramolecular Polymers
Authors: Lortie Frédéric , Boileau Sylvie , Bouteiller Laurent 
Published: June 2003

AbstractSymmetrical N,N′‐disubstituted ureas have been synthesized and characterized. Among them, the branched dialkylureas prepared are highly soluble in organic media. Moreover, the solutions obtained are very viscous in heptane, if the branched alkyl groups are not too bulky (i.e. a methyl group on the α carbon, or an ethyl group on the β carbon). Due to the strong, bifurcated hydrogen bonds between the urea moieties, linear supramolecular polymers are formed. The degree of association of these supramolecular polymers has been determined by FTIR spectroscopy.
Cover Picture: Cyclodextrin Phosphanes as First and Second Coordination Sphere Cavitands (Chem. Eur. J. 13/2003)
Authors: Engeldinger Eric , Armspach Dominique , Matt Dominique , Jones Peter G. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe cover picture shows metallo‐cavitands as coordination compounds which provide the opportunity to study host–guest interactions between metal‐bonded substrates and the inner part of a hollow molecule. Of particular interest are complexes in which the metal centre caps the entrance of an opened cavity, for instance a cone or a tube. Such systems are perfectly suited for forcing the cavity to behave as a second coordination sphere, the sequestered ligands being then subjected to restricted movement and their controlled positioning allowing specific, weak interactions to operate. The work reported by Matt et al. (see page 3091 ff.) describes how phosphine‐modified cyclodextrins selectively entrap metalchloride bonds. Furthermore the study provides evidence that cavities are able to stabilise unusual coordination modes and, for the first time, that ligand exchange processes occur inside an α‐CD receptor.
EPR Study of o‐Semiquinone‐Catecholate Cobalt Complexes with Bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ethane
Authors: Bubnov Michael P. , Teplova Irina A. , Cherkasov Vladimir K. , Abakumov Gleb A. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThree novel cobalt compounds with bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ethane (dppe) and semiquinone and catecholate ligands were synthesized and investigated by EPR spectroscopy in solution. They are: [(dppe)Co(3,6‐DBSQ)(CatClox)] (1), [(dppe)Co(3,6‐DBCat)(phen‐SQ)] (2), and [(dppe)Co(3,6‐DBSQ)2] (3), where 3,6‐DBSQ and 3,6‐DBCat are the radical anion and dianion of 3,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐o‐benzoquinone, respectively, CatClox is the dianion of perchloroxanthrenequinone‐2,3, and phen‐SQ is the radical anion of phenanthrenequinone. According to the ratio of the redox potentials of the o‐quinone fragments, 1 and 2 are mixed semiquinone‐catecholate complexes, and the 3,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐o‐quinone fragment appears as a semiquinone in 1 and as a catecholate in 2. Compound 3 exists as a mixture of redox isomers, namely semiquinone‐catecholate and bis‐semiquinone species. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Order−Disorder Transitions and Magnetic Behaviour in Lithium Ferrites Li0.5+0.5xFe2.5−1.5xTixO4 (x = 1.28 and 1.50)
Authors: Arillo María Ángeles , López María Luisa , Pico Carlos , Veiga María Luisa , Campo Javier , Martínez José Luis , Santrich‐Badal Alejandro 
Published: June 2003

AbstractWe report the structural characterization and magnetic behaviour of the spinels with general formula Li0.5+0.5xFe2.5−1.5xTixO4, where x = 1.28 and 1.50. When the samples are cooled slowly, a 1:3 crystallographic order occurs, whereas a random disorder is observed when the samples are quenched. Neutron‐powder‐diffraction measurements were performed on the materials to characterize the structural transitions. Magnetic properties were studied by magnetic susceptibility (dc and ac), magnetisation and neutron‐diffraction data and the results can be interpreted on the basis of a spin‐glass behaviour. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Properties of Undoped and Ca‐Doped LaMnO3 − Non‐Stoichiometry and Defect Structure
Authors: Yahia Mondher , Batis Habib 
Published: June 2003

AbstractOxygen‐excessive LaMnO3+y samples with 0.02 ⩽ y ⩽ 0.26 have been prepared by thermal decomposition in air at 450 °C of a precursor obtained from an aqueous solution of lanthanum nitrate and manganese acetate (atomic ratio La/Mn = 1). The obtained solid is annealed at different temperatures from 700 to 1000 °C and under three oxygen pressures: 1.00, 0.21, and 10−4 atm. Samples with 0.14 ⩽ y ⩽ 0.26 are simple‐phased rhombohedral perovskites, the distortion of which decreases as the oxygen content (and Mn4+ content) increases. Samples with 0.02 ⩽ y ⩽ 0.09, obtained under low oxygen pressure (10−4 atm), have orthorhombic symmetry. In this case, the order of lattice parameters c/√2 < a < b, characteristic of O′‐perovskites, is a consequence of the Jahn−Teller distortion of the oxide octahedron around the d4 Mn4+ cation. The volume (Vf) per LaMnO3+y formula unit decreases regularly with increasing oxygen content (i.e., oxidation). Study has shown that the oxygen content is best described in terms of La and Mn vacancies, rather than of interstitial anions. Density measurements confirm the cation vacancy model involving equal amounts in La and Mn sub‐lattices. The infrared spectra of LaMnO3+y samples have been interpreted in connection with the structures of these solids. Correlations have been established between the spectral evolution and the crystal distortion of these compounds. La1−xCaxMnO3±y oxides with 0 < x ⩽ 1 have been synthesised by the same route, at 700 °C and under an oxygen pressure of 0.21 atm. It is shown that a negative correlation exists between the calcium content x and the degree of non‐stoichiometry: at low Ca content, the oxygen content is higher. The ability to form over‐stoichiometric compounds in air decreases with increasing Ca content and mostly disappears at x ⩾ 0.7. Samples with 0.1 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.4 are simple‐phased rhombohedral perovskites with constant Mn3+/Mn4+ ratios. Samples with 0.5 ⩽ x ⩽ 1 have orthorhombic symmetry. In this case, a linear variation of the Mn4+ content as a function of the Ca content is observed. The defect structure of these compounds is described in terms of La and Mn vacancies when 0 < x ⩽ 0.7 (0 ⩽ y ⩽ 0.19) and anion vacancies when 0.8 ⩽ x ⩽ 1 (−0.04 ⩽ y < 0). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)