bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intra-articular therapy in osteoarthritis
Authors: Uthman I , Raynauld J-P , Haraoui B 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
The medical literature was reviewed from 1968–2002 using Medline and the key words “intra-articular” and “osteoarthritis” to determine the various intra-articular therapies used in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Corticosteroids and hyaluronic acid are the most frequently used intra-articular therapies in osteoarthritis. Other intra-articular substances such as orgotein, radiation synovectomy, dextrose prolotherapy, silicone, saline lavage, saline injection without lavage, analgesic agents, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, glucosamine, somatostatin, sodium pentosan polysulfate, chloroquine, mucopolysaccharide polysulfuric acid ester, lactic acid solution, and thiotepa cytostatica have been investigated as potentially therapeutic in the treatment of arthritic joints. Despite the lack of strong, convincing, and reproducible evidence that any of the intra-articular therapies significantly alters the progression of osteoarthritis, corticosteroids and hyaluronic acid are widely used in patients who have failed other therapeutic modalities for lack of efficacy or toxicity. As a practical approach for a knee with effusion, steroid injections should be considered while the presence of symptomatic “dry” knees may favour the hyaluronic acid approach. The virtual absence of serious side effects, coupled with the perceived benefits, make these approaches attractive.
Bell's Inequalities for Any Spin
Authors: González-Robles V. M. 
Published: September 2003

John Ju Sakurai's classical book in quantum mechanics makes a very illuminative presentation that studies entangled states in a two spin s=1/2 particles system in a singlet state. A Bell's inequality emerges as a consequence. Bell's inequality is a relationship among observables that discriminates between Einstein's locality principle and the nonlocal point of view of orthodox quantum mechanics. Following Sakurai's style we propose, by making natural induction, a generalization for Bell's inequality for any two spin-s particles in a singlet state (s integer or half-integer). This inequality is expressed as a function of a θ parameter, which is a measure of the angle between two possible directions in which the spin is measured. Besides the expression for this general inequality we have found that: (a) for any finite half-integer spin Bell's inequality is violated for some interval of the θ-parameter. The right limit of this interval is fixed and equal to π/2, while the left one comes closer and closer to this value as spin number grows. A function fit shows clearly that the size of this θ-interval over which Bell's inequality is violated diminishes asymptotically to zero as 1/s1/2; (b) an analogous behavior for any finite integer spin. For large spins the disagreement between Einstein's locality principle and the nonlocal point of view in orthodox quantum mechanics disappears.
A Facial One-step Approach to Stereospecific Spirocyclic Diols from α-Hydroxyepoxides
Authors: Tu Yong Qiang , Yang Li Ming , Chen Yao Zu 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
A new 1-step method for synthesis of stereospecific spirocyclic diols from α-hydroxyepoxids with aluminum isopropoxide was reported, which was stereospecific, simple and highly effective. The stereochemical assignment of some products was also discussed.
Solvent Extraction of Water-Soluble Calixarenes and Their Metal Complexes with Trioctylmethylammonium Chloride
Authors: Nishida Masashi , Sonoda Miwako , Ishii Daido , Yoshida Isao 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
Water-soluble hydroxycalix[n]arene-p-sulfonates, 1nn−(n=4,6 and 8) in an aqueous solution were extracted efficiently with trioctylmethylammonium chloride (capriquat), TMA+Cl−, into chloroform in the presence and absence of Mn2+. The extracted species for 144− was estimated to be the ionic associates, such as 14(TMA)4 at pH 4.6 and 14(TMA)5 at pH 9.1. By the present 144−-TMA+ extraction system, Mn2+ was separated from Mg2+,Al3+, Ca2+, Sc3+, Cr3+, Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Zr4+, Ln3+ (except Ce3+), Hf4+ and UO22+ at pH 8.0.
Bioelectrochemically Accelerated Microbial Conversion of Nicotinic Acid to 6-Hydroxynicotinic Acid on Microorganism-immobilized Column Electrolytic Flow System
Authors: Torimura Masaki , Yoshida Hideto , Kano Kenji , Ikeda Tokuji , Nagasawa Toru , Ueda Teruhisa 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
Nicotinic acid (NA) is efficiently hydroxylated into 6-hydroxynicotinic acid (6HNA) by Pseudomonas fluorescens TN5-immobilized column electrolytic method using K3Fe(CN)6 as an extracellular electron transfer mediator, in which the conversion rate was sufficiently accelerated compared with the aerobic oxidation. The NA conversion system was applied to the continuous-production of 6HNA in 100% yield and the absolute determination of NA in flow-injection analysis.
PhSH-(Catalytic) KF as an Efficient Protocol for Chemoselective Ester O-Alkyl Cleavage under Non-hydrolytic Neutral Condition
Authors: Nayak Mirinal K , Chakraborti Asit K 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
Methyl esters are chemoselectively deprotected by thiophenol in presence of catalytic amount of KF in dry NMP (1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone) under non-hydrolytic neutral condition.
Multiple Cation-π Interactions between the Trimethylammonium Moiety and the Aromatic Rings within a Molecular Complex Formed between 3-Phenylpropionic Acid Choline Ester and Resorcin[4]arene
Authors: Murayama Kazutaka , Aoki Katsuyuki 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
X-ray analysis of the molecular complex formed between 3-phenylpropionic acid choline ester (1) and tetraethylresorcin[4]arene (2) has shown that the choline ester 1 is captured by the bowl-shaped 2 through multiple cation-π interactions between the quaternary trimethylammonium group of 1 and the aromatic rings of 2 and that 1 itself forms a folded structure to make close contacts between its trimethylammonium moiety and the phenyl ring through cation-π interactions.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Triiron Complexes Containing Selenide and Diselenide Bridging Ligands: X-ray Structure of [Cp*3Fe3(μ2-Se)(μ3-Se2)2](PF6)(Cp*=η5-C5Me5)
Authors: Inomata Shinji , Hiruma Takehiko , Ogino Hiroshi 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
Reaction of Cp*2Fe2(CO)4 with red selenium (Se8) afforded an unexpected selenium-rich triiron complex Cp*3Fe3Se5(1). Air oxidation of 1 in the presence of NH4PF6 gave the monocationic complex [Cp*3Fe3Se5] (PF6) (2). An X-ray crystal structure analysis of 2 revealed that an Fe3Se5 core consists of three iron atoms, one μ2-selenide ligand, and two μ3-diselenide ligands with a side-on manner. Reactions of 2 with some simple reagents were also examined.
Chemical Vapor Deposition of Gold Nanoparticles on MCM-41 and Their Catalytic Activities for the Low-temperature Oxidation of CO and of H2
Authors: Okumura Mitsutaka , Tsubota Susumu , Iwamoto Masakazu , Haruta Masatake 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
Au nanoparticles can be deposited on MCM-41 by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of dimethyl gold acetylacetonate. They exhibit high catalytic activities for the oxidation of CO and of H2 at low temperatures, below and above 273K, respectively.
Formation of Oxygenates in the Propane Oxidation over K+ Modified Fe/SiO2 Catalyst
Authors: Teng Yonghong , Kobayashi Tetsuhiko 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
Oxygenates are formed in the propane oxidation over silica catalysts supporting a very small amount of Fe. Alkali addition to the catalysts can enhance the activity as well as the selectivity to acrolein and acetone.
Syntheses and Properties of π-Conjugated Polymers Containing Chromophore. 2. Introduction of Porphyrin Units into Main Chain of Water-Soluble Small Band Gap Polymer
Authors: Aota Hiroyuki , Reikan Takeshi , Matsumoto Akira , Kamachi Mikiharu 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
A novel water-soluble small band gap (below 0.5 eV) polymer containing porphyrin units in its main chain was prepared from pyrrole, sodium o-benzaldehyde sulfonate and dipyrryletioporphyrin by addition-condensation polymerization.
Floating Mixed Monolayers of Octaalkoxymetallophthalocyanines with Liquid Crystalline Azobenzenes
Authors: Matsuzawa Yoko , Seki Takahiro , Ichimura Kunihiro 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
Mixed monolayers consisting of a metallophthalocyanines and a liquid crystalline azobenzene are formed homogeneously on a water surface at temperatures where the azobenzene is in a liquid crystalline state.
Spectroelectrochemical Detection of an Intermediate in the Alcohol Oxidation Process with a Nitroxyl Radical
Authors: Kishioka Shin-ya , Ohsaka Takeo , Tokuda Koichi 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
A spectroelectrochemical study revealed the formation of an adduct of nitrosonium ion with 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol as an intermediate in the alcohol oxidation process.
Conductive Circuit Formation on Organosilicon Films by Patterning with UV
Authors: Fukushima Motoo , Hamada Yoshitaka , Tabei Eiichi , Aramata Mikio , Mori Shigeru , Yamamoto Yasushi 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
This paper concerns a novel method for the preparation of silver metal from AgBF4 by reduction with polysilanes, and an application of the method to the direct formation of conducting pattern on the surface of organosilicon polymers in combination with UV light lithography without any other promoters, reductants and photoresists.
Autonomous Improvement in the Catalytic Activity of KVO3/SiC for Soot Oxidation under Practical Gaseous Conditions
Authors: Zhao Zhen , Obuchi Akira , Uchisawa Junko , Ogata Atsushi , Kushiyama Satoshi 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
The effect of reactant gas composition on the catalytic combustion of soot by KVO3/SiC are investigated. The activity of KVO3-SiC increased by repeating the measurement of temperature-programmed reaction (TPR) under reaction gases containing SO2. SEM and EDX observations showed that only KVO3 was present on the surface of the fresh sample, but a mixture of K2SO4,V2O5 and KVO3 was formed on the used sample, suggesting that during the reaction process the mixed metal oxide change into simple sulfate and oxide which are more stable and catalytically active under practical conditions.
Pyrimidin‐/thiazol‐/thiazolin‐ylidenamidothiophosphoric dichlorides
Authors: Kabra Vijaya , Gupta Neelima , Jain Sama , Saxena Varsha 
Published: September 2003

AbstractNine new amidodichlorothiophosphorus(V) derivatives incorporating pyrimidine, thiazole, and thiazoline rings were obtained by sulfurization of the corresponding aminodichlorophosphines generated in situ from the reaction of the respective N‐alkyl‐2‐aminocycloiminium halide with PCl3 in the presence of triethylamine. These pyrimidin‐/thiazol‐/thiazolin‐ylidenamidothiophosphoric dichlorides were isolated as stable crystalline solids and are well characterized by elemental analysis, NMR, and mass spectroscopy. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 14:498–502, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10170
Design, synthesis, and antimicrobial activity of some new pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidines
Authors: Abdel‐Gawad Soad M. , Ghorab M. M. , El‐Sharief A. M. Sh. , El‐Telbany F. A. , Abdel‐Alla M. 
Published: September 2003

Abstract2‐Benzyl‐ and 2‐aryloxymethyl‐3‐amino‐1‐phenyl‐pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidine‐4‐ones 5a–f have been synthesized by reacting the corresponding arylacetylamino derivatives 3a–f with hydrazine hydrate. Thionation of compounds 5d–f by action of P2S5 in pyridine yielded 2‐aryloxy‐methyl‐3‐amino‐1‐pheny‐lpyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐thions 6a–c. 2,5‐Diphenyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazolo[5′,1′:4:5]pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidine‐8‐one (8) was also obtained via reaction of ethyl‐2‐cinnamoylamino‐1‐phenyl‐pyrazole‐4‐car‐boxylate (7) with hydrazine hydrate. The prepared compounds were screened in vitro for their antimicrobial activity. Some of the tested compounds were found to be active at 100 μg/ml compared with reference compounds (Ampicillin and Trivid) as antibacterial agents and claforan as antifungal agent. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 14:530–534, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10187
The road to economic self‐sufficiency: Job quality and job transition patterns after welfare reform
Authors: Johnson Rucker C. , Corcoran Mary E. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis paper analyzes the relationships of schooling, the skill content of work experience, and different types of employment patterns with
less‐skilled women's job quality outcomes. Survey data from employers and longitudinal data from former and current welfare recipients
are used for the period 1997 to early 2002. The analysis of job quality is broadened beyond employment rates and wages measured at a point in time by
including non‐wage attributes of compensation and aspects of jobs that affect future earnings potential. This study shows the extent to which
lack of employment stability, job skills, and occupation‐specific experience impedes welfare recipients' abilities to obtain a
“good job” or to transition into one from a “bad job.” The business cycle downturn has significantly negatively affected the
job quality and job transition patterns of former and current recipients. © 2003 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and
Management.
Solid‐state 13C and 129Xe NMR study of poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(vinyl alcohol)/lactosilated chitosan gels
Authors: Lai Simona , Locci Emanuela , Saba Giuseppe , Husu Ivan , Masci Giancarlo , Crescenzi Vittorio , Lai Adolfo 
Published: September 2003

AbstractDry and hydrated poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) gels with 55% (a‐PVA) and 61% (s‐PVA) syndiotacticity and related PVA/lactyl chitosan (LC) blends have been investigated with 129Xe and cross‐polarization/magic‐angle‐spinning 13C NMR techniques. Although the dry gels exhibit two broad 129Xe resonances in the slow‐to‐intermediate exchange limit, both hydrated gels show three resonances. The corresponding dry blends exhibit two signals, the chemical shifts and line widths of which change with respect to those of pure PVA, whereas one (a‐PVA/LC) or two (s‐PVA/LC) signals appear in the spectra of the hydrated blends. A comparative analysis of the data demonstrates that LC rearranges the domains of the polymeric matrix in both the dry and hydrated blends according to the syndiotacticity of the PVA chains. Information on the molecular motions of the amorphous and swollen polymeric domains in the kilohertz range has been obtained from an analysis of the spin‐lattice relaxation times. These data indicate that the dynamics and arrangement of the PVA chains in the gels are strongly affected by their tacticity and the addition of the copolymer LC. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 3123–3131, 2003
Yellow‐light‐emitting cyano‐substituted poly[(1,3‐phenylene vinylene)‐alt‐(1,4‐phenylene vinylene)] derivative: Its synthesis and optical properties
Authors: Liao Liang , Pang Yi , Ding Liming , Karasz Frank E. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractA soluble cyano‐substituted poly[(1,3‐phenylene vinylene)‐alt‐(1,4‐phenylene vinylene)] derivative (9) was synthesized and characterized. Comparison between 9 and its model compound (10) showed that the chromophore in 9 remained to be well defined as a result of a π‐conjugation interruption at adjacent m‐phenylene units. The attachment of a cyano substituent only at the β position of the vinylene allowed the maximum electronic impact of the cyano group on the optical properties of the poly(p‐phenylene vinylene) material. At a low temperature (−108 or −198 °C), the vibronic structures of 9 and 10 were partially resolved. The absorption and emission spectra of a film of 9 were less temperature‐dependent than those of a film of 10, indicating that the former had a lower tendency to aggregate. A light‐emitting diode (LED) based on 9 emitted yellow light (λmax ≈ 578 nm) with an external quantum efficiency of 0.03%. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 3149–3158, 2003
Polymerization of methyl methacrylate by metallocene imido complexes and tris(pentafluorophenyl)alane
Authors: Jin Jizhu , Mariott Wesley R. , Chen Eugene Y.‐X. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) was investigated with tris(pentafluorophenyl)alane [Al(C6F5)3] and four metallocene imido complexes that varied in the complex symmetry/chirality, metal, and R group in the NR moiety, as well as a zirconocene enolate preformed from the imido zirconocene and MMA. This study examined four aspects of MMA polymerization: the effects of the metallocene imido complex structure on the polymerization activity and polymer tacticity, the degree of polymerization control, the elementary reactions of the imido complex with Al(C6F5)3 and MMA, and the polymerization kinetics and mechanism. There was no effect of the imido complex symmetry/chirality on the polymerization stereochemistry; the polymerization followed Bernoullian statistics, producing syndiotactic poly(methyl methacrylate)s with moderate (∼70% [rr]) to high (∼91% [rr]) syndiotacticity, depending on the polymerization temperature. Polymerization control was demonstrated by the number‐average molecular weight, which increased linearly with an increase in the monomer conversion to 100%, and the relatively small and insensitive polydispersity indices (from 1.21 to 1.17) to conversion. The reactions of the zirconocene imido complex with Al(C6F5)3 and MMA produced the parent base‐free imido complex and the [2 + 4] cycloaddition product (i.e., zirconocene enolate), respectively; the latter product reacted with Al(C6F5)3 to generate the active zirconocenium enolaluminate. The MMA polymerization with the metallocene imido complex and the alane proceeded via intermolecular Michael addition of the enolaluminate to the alane‐activated MMA involved in the propagation step. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 3132–3142, 2003
Functional inactivation of the conserved Sem1p in yeast by intrabodies
Authors: Reinman Mirka , Jäntti Jussi , Alfthan Kaija , Keränen Sirkka , Söderlund Hans , Takkinen Kristiina 
Published: September 2003

AbstractIntrabody technology was applied to characterize the function and intracellular localization of a highly conserved Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sem1 protein. DSS1, the mammalian homologue of Sem1p, is functionally conserved between yeast and mammalian cells, and in mammalian cells physically interacts with the strong tumour supressor BRCA2. Yeast and the generated intrabodies are thus expected to offer a useful system for studies on Sem1p/DSS1 function. Sem1p‐specific antibody isolated from a phage display library was expressed intracellularily and targeted to either the cytosol or the nucleus of yeast cells. Analysis of the applicability of different antibody fragments as intrabodies showed that the Fab intrabody was expressed most efficiently. Expression of nuclear‐targeted anti‐Sem1p Fab intrabodies inhibited the growth of the Σ1278b yeast strain in a manner similar to deletion of the SEM1 gene. This indicates that the Fab intrabodies interact in vivo with Sem1p and result in inactivation of Sem1p. Localization of the Fab intrabody with or without the nuclear localization signal to the nucleus in Sem1p‐dependent manner suggests that Sem1p mediates the nuclear transport of the intrabody without any targeting signal. Our results suggest that Sem1p function in yeast cells is in part manifested in the nucleus. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the optimality of velocity averaging lemmas
Authors: De Lellis Camillo , Westdickenberg Michael 
Published: September 2003

Studying weak solutions of Burgers’ equation with finite entropy dissipation we show the sharpness of recent results of Jabin and Perthame on velocity averaging. Similar arguments give bounds on the regularity of asymptotic finite-energy states for some variational problems of Ginzburg–Landau type.

Résumé
Nous construisons des solutions faibles de l’équation de Burgers à dissipation finie de l’entropie et montrons que les exposants de régularité obtenus récemment par Jabin et Perthame pour les théorèmes de moyennes en vitesse sont optimal. Nous étudions aussi la régularité des états asymptotiques d’un problème variationnel de type Ginzburg–Landau.
Neuropsychological function in obsessive-compulsive disorder: effects of comorbid conditions on task performance
Authors: Aycicegi Ayse , Dinn Wayne M. , Harris Catherine L. , Erkmen Husnu 
Published: September 2003

AbstractBackgroundNeuropsychological testing reveals a pattern of impairment among patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) which implicates the orbitofrontal region. Studies of neuropsychological function in OCD differ regarding performance deficits on classical tests of frontal executive function. In some studies, OCD patients did not demonstrate impaired performance on tests of executive function. However, other researchers have documented performance deficits among OCD patients on measures of executive function. Patients with OCD also exhibit performance deficits on tests of visual/spatial memory and verbal memory. Again, in some studies, OCD patients did not demonstrate impaired performance on tests of memory function. How can we account for the conflicting findings? One possibility is that performance deficits on tests of cognitive function are associated with comorbid conditions. In prior work, we observed that OCD patients who did poorly on executive function tasks obtained high scores on a measure of schizotypal personality. A second possibility is that executive function deficits among patients with OCD are associated with comorbid depressive symptoms.MethodIn the present study, a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery was administered to patients with OCD and matched healthy control subjects. We also administered dimensional measures of schizotypal personality and depression to patients with OCD and controls. We conducted analyses of covariance (ANCOVA), with scores on measures of schizotypal personality and depression used as covariates.ResultsOCD patients demonstrated performance deficits on measures of delayed memory, response inhibition, alternation learning, and obtained significantly higher scores on measures of disinhibition, impulsivity, and temporolimbic symptoms; however, OCD patients did not exhibit impaired performance on tests of executive function and verbal fluency, and did not report a significantly greater number of dysexecutive symptoms, when coexistent depressive and schizotypal symptoms were taken into account.ConclusionFindings are consistent with the contention that dysfunction of an orbitofrontal-limbic network underlies OCD.
T102C and –1438 G/A polymorphisms of the 5-HT2A receptor gene in Turkish patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: Tot Şenel , Erdal M. Emin , Yazıcı Kemal , Yazıcı Aylin Ertekin , Metin Özmen 
Published: September 2003

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the possible association between T102C and –1438 G/A polymorphism in the 5-HT2A receptor gene and susceptibility to and clinical features of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD).MethodFifty-eight patients with OCD and 83 healthy controls were included in the study. All patients were interviewed and rated by Yale-Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale. T102C and –1438 G/A polymorphisms of 5-HT2A receptor gene were determined by PCR technique in DNAs of peripheral leucocytes.ResultsOCD patients and healthy controls did not show significant differences in genotype distribution for both polymorphisms investigated. We found that frequencies of the TT genotype for T102C polymorphism and the AA genotype for –1438 G/A polymorphism were significantly higher in patients with severe OCD compared to those with moderate or moderate–severe OCD.ConclusionThe –1438 G/A and T102C polymorphisms of the 5-HT2A receptor gene are not associated with an increased risk of OCD. Our data suggest that the TT genotype of T102C and the AA genotype of –1438 G/A polymorphism might be a factor in clinical severity of OCD.