bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lateral Teardrop Sign: A New Distinguishing Feature of Anteroposterior Projection of Chest Radiograph
Authors: Fatade Oluwatosin Ebunoluwa , Akinmoladun Janet Adetinuke 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
The posteroanterior (PA) projection is the standard view for chest radiographs with the alternative of anteroposterior (AP) chest view. Proper identification of the projection of any chest radiograph is critical to the interpretation and eventual inferences made. The teardrop sign in radiology is a well-known feature that is observed wherever two or more bones are projected over one another. This article aims to introduce a lateral teardrop sign seen on AP projections of the chest and to assess its prevalence and predictive value as a distinguishing parameter between AP and PA views of the chest radiograph.

Methodology:
This retrospective observational study was conducted at the outpatient X-ray unit of the Department of Radiology, University College Hospital, Ibadan. Chest radiographs with AP and PA projections acquired between August 25, 2021, and July 15, 2022, were retrieved from the Picture Archival Communication System and assessed for the presence of lateral teardrop sign. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.

Results:
Two hundred and seven radiographs were retrieved and analyzed. These included radiographs of 106 (51.2%) males and 101 (48.8%) females. Eighty-eight (42.5%) were taken in the AP projection while 119 (57.5%) were PA. Only 46 (22.2%) of these radiographs showed the lateral teardrop sign. Of the 46 radiographs showing the sign, 45 (97.8%) were AP constituting 51.1% of all AP radiographs. One hundred and eighteen (73.3%) of radiographs without the sign were PA. A negative and positive predictive value of 73.5% and 98.9% were calculated, respectively, for the lateral teardrop sign, with a sensitivity of 67.2% and specificity of 99.2%.

Conclusion:
Even though there are already existing parameters used to differentiate between AP and PA views, the presence of lateral teardrop sign can be a useful addition in the identification and distinguishing of AP radiographs.
A study of white blood cell counts as a prognostic marker among patients sustaining organophosphate poisoning presenting to the Emergency Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Mathour Abdussamad , Marappan Senthil , Pooja Rani Thiyagarajan , Haneendhar Raju , Senthilkumar Manickam , Dominic Melvin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
Organophosphate (OP) pesticide poisoning is a primary concern in rural regions of developing nations, posing a significant clinical challenge. The mortality rate from acute OP compound poisoning surpasses any other harmful substance. In the case of stressful events like injuries and poisoning, the observed leucocytosis and neutrophilia can be attributed to neutrophil margination rather than an increase in bone marrow production.

Materials and Methods:
Between June 2020 and September 2021, a prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care institute in Tamil Nadu. The study included 50 patients admitted to the Institute’s Medical Emergency Ward with suspected Organophosphorus poisoning. These patients were categorized into three grades, mild, moderate, and severe, using Dresbach’s classification based on the severity of their manifestations.

Results:
Among the 50 cases studied, 29 were females, and 21 were males. The predominant agent is responsible for organophosphate (OP) poisoning was chlorpyrifos, affecting 37 patients. Most cases (78%) presented with mild manifestations, 12% presented with moderate presentations, and 10% had severe manifestations. Most (72%) of patients sought medical attention within 4 h of consumption (n = 36).

Conclusion:
While insufficient to confirm or rule out severe poisoning, leukocyte counts hold some moderate capacity to differentiate between patients with and without significant poisoning. As a result, these counts could have a meaningful impact on decisions regarding patient disposition.
Prevalence and determinants of depression among a community people during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ekong Josephine , Sanni Felix Olaniyi , Paul Abiodun Olaiya , Dada Michael Olugbamila , Faith Ajani Olumide , Afelumo Olaide Lateef , Ariyo Abimbola Oluseyi , Oluwakemi Salami Aisha , Eric Yila , Adeiye Ajani Love 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
In situations beyond their control, individuals often exhibit feelings of despair and diminished motivation, leading to the onset of depression. Consequently, this study seeks to investigate the occurrence and factors influencing depression among the population of St. Kitts and Nevis amid the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods:
This research study utilized quantitative methods through structured questionnaires distributed via a self-administered online survey using a cross-sectional approach. Sampling encompassed a combination of purposive and snowballing techniques, culminating in a participant pool of 397 individuals. The analysis of data was performed using IBM-SPSS version 25.0.

Result:
The prevalence of depression overall stood at 65.5%. Female respondents exhibited 2.18 times higher odds of experiencing depression compared to males, while individuals aged 30 to 39 had a 2.80 times higher likelihood of developing depression compared to other age groups. Those earning between 2000 and 5000 had a 2.28 times higher probability of experiencing depression compared to individuals in different income brackets. Moreover, civil servants showed a 3.66 times higher likelihood of experiencing depression, and individuals whose businesses were forcibly closed faced an 18.91 times higher chance of developing depression. Respondents whose lives were significantly impacted by the pandemic exhibited a 4.48 times higher tendency to face mental health challenges compared to those affected differently by COVID-19 consequences. Additionally, 66.1% of respondents believed life should resume normalcy despite the escalating virus cases, based on their perceptions of COVID-19 preventive measures.

Conclusion:
The government must implement sufficient measures aimed at mitigating the pandemic’s effects to lessen the prevalence of depression.
Skill retention efficacy of conventional versus modified Peyton's four-step intravenous access skill training approach
Authors: Kulkarni Sadhana S , Nayak Prabha P , Sasturkar Vasanti M , Tayade Deepak N 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
Limited research has explored the impact of skill laboratory (lab) training on skill retention.

Aims:
This study aimed to assess and compare the effectiveness of skill retention between the modified Peyton’s four-step (MPFS) skill lab training approach and the conventional approach (CA) for intravenous (I.V.) access. This research employed a randomized controlled study design conducted within the Skill Development Unit of a Private Medical College and Hospital.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty-eight first-year medical students were randomly allocated into two groups. These groups received the MPFS or CA approach in small-sized skill lab training sessions focusing on I.V. access. The teacher-to-student ratio was maintained at 1:8, and the duration of each skill session was meticulously documented. Student performance was video recorded right after the teaching session and again at 3 months. The evaluation of skill effectiveness on both occasions was conducted by an impartial faculty member using a binary checklist. Additionally, feedback from both students and faculty members was collected. Group characteristics were analyzed using the chi-square test, and the outcomes of the groups were compared with the Student t test. A P < 0.05 was deemed to be of statistical significance.

Results:
The MPFS group consistently achieved significantly higher scores and had more proficient students during both assessment times (12 and 13) compared to the CA group, which had lower scores at both time points (3 and 4). Notably, there was no decline in skill proficiency within either group at the 3-month mark. The CA group expressed their appreciation for the chance to demonstrate independent performance, while the MPFS group placed value on receiving feedback and undergoing repeated observations. It is worth noting that both training approaches were manageable for faculty; however, the MPFS approach necessitated more time compared to the CA approach.

Conclusion:
The MPFS approach outperformed the CA method in acquiring I.V. access skills immediately after training and at the 3-month follow-up.
Quality of life of carcinoma cervix patients attending tertiary care hospital: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Tiwari Harish C , Aditya Vani , Mishra Richa , Khan Imran A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
In 2012, cervical cancer became the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women in India, with an estimated 123,000 new cases and 67,477 reported fatalities. Besides its considerable impact on mortality rates, cervical cancer also results in long-term disability, leading to a loss of productive years. Despite the development of various diagnostic and treatment approaches for cervical cancer, survivors still face significant morbidity, which significantly impacts their quality of life (QOL). The primary objective of this study is to assess the QOL of cervical cancer patients to identify and address issues within the current healthcare system.

Objective:
To investigate the QOL of cervical cancer patients as per the stage of their disease and the type of therapy they receive.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2023 and August 2023. During this period, patients who visited the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and agreed to take part in the study were included in interviews. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality-of-Life questionnaire for cervical cancer (EORTC QLQ CX24) was employed to assess the QOL of cervical cancer patients.

Results:
The participants had an average age of 52.4 years, with a standard deviation of 10.5. Most were diagnosed at advanced disease stages (III and IV), while only approximately one-fourth were at stage I. The predominant treatment modality administered was radiotherapy, followed by surgery and chemotherapy. When examining the QOL, it was observed that individuals at stages I and II of the disease tended to experience more significant concerns related to body image and sexual worries. Additionally, patients in stages I and II and those receiving chemotherapy reported higher scores in terms of sexual activity and sexual enjoyment, indicating a better QOL in these aspects.

Conclusion:
As the disease stage progressed, there was a decline in QOL. In the early stages of the disease, QOL related to body image and sexual worries was notably lower. In contrast, QOL about sexual activity and sexual enjoyment was comparatively better for these patients. Patients who received chemotherapy or a combination of treatment modalities reported poorer QOL.
Initiating kangaroo mother care in urban slums: a pilot intervention
Authors: Palaha Harvinder , Singh Iqbal , Pathak Sweety 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective:
Launching the introduction of kangaroo mother care (KMC) for low birth weight (LBW) babies in designated slum communities within the Bhiwandi Nizampur City Municipal Corporation region, and documenting the effects of this program on critical indicators such as the percentage of mothers embracing KMC, the average length of KMC, the early initiation of breastfeeding, and the encouragement of exclusive breastfeeding.

Materials and Methods:
In the slum area of Bhiwandi, situated in the Thane district under the Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority, we selected 1000 households. We identified LBW babies who born in this locality, and our field team conducted home visits. During these visits, families and mothers were guided on administering in-home care to these infants, emphasizing KMC. Subsequently, we monitored these infants for factors such as weight gain, breastfeeding initiation, the adoption of KMC, and the duration of KMC provided.

Results:
As of December 2021, we identified 100 instances of LBW infants. Of these, 95% received KMC, 46% received KMC for 6 h, and 42% received KMC for durations between 6 and 12 h. A total of 67% of these infants showed improvements in their weight. For 66% of the infants, breastfeeding was initiated within the first hour, and 69% were exclusively breastfed for the initial 6 months of life.

Conclusion:
The results highlight the significant potential for improving the adoption of KMC by maintaining regular home visits, delivering guidance to families and mothers, and ensuring continuous care for LBW infants. In addition, this approach contributes to a greater likelihood of early breastfeeding initiation and elevated exclusive breastfeeding rates.
Knowledge and perception regarding the risk associated with self-medication in Ado-Odo Ota local government area of Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Shire Qali Hashi , Sanni Felix Olaniyi , Tomori Michael Olabode 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
Self-medication, extensively adopted globally, has become a widespread practice that raises public health concerns due to its associated consequences.

Materials and Methods:
The study employed a descriptive cross-sectional design within the Ado-Odo Ota local government area (LGA) of Ogun State. A structured questionnaire was administered to gauge residents’ understanding and viewpoints regarding the risks linked to self-medication. The research encompassed all chosen individuals residing in the Ado-Odo Ota LGA, employing stratified random sampling methods to select 240 participants. Data analysis was conducted using the SPSS statistical software package.

Results:
The study revealed that a significant portion of the participants (78%) engaged in self-medication. The primary source of information for self-medication was previous prescriptions (40.2%), indicating that individuals relied on their past experiences and prescriptions for guidance. Interestingly, most respondents, both those who self-medicated and those who did not, considered self-medication unfavorable (61.2% and 67.8%, respectively). Non-self-medicated individuals showed greater awareness of the potential risk of self-medication leading to drug abuse (76.3%) compared with those who self-medicated (62.4%). Moreover, a higher percentage of non-self-medicated individuals (57.6%) believed that self-medication could result in adverse drug reactions compared with self-medicated individuals (23.4%). The study indicated that most respondents had a negative perception of the risks associated with self-medication, with an average score of 2.01 ± 0.87. In addition, most respondents (94.4%) reported getting well after taking the drugs they self-medicated with.

Conclusion:
Measures need to be implemented to enhance public awareness regarding the dangers associated with self-medication, advocate for responsible medication practices, and prompt individuals to seek professional medical guidance for their healthcare requirements.
Clinical and histopathological study of cutaneous lichen planus in a tertiary care center of central India
Authors: Wankhade Suvidhi , Dosi Shilpi , Bansal Shruti , Varma Amit 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
Lichen planus (LP) is an idiopathic, chronic inflammatory disease of the skin, mucous membrane, and nails. Worldwide distribution is seen, with 0.38% of the lesions prevalent in India.

Objective:
The present study was conducted to study the demographic profiles (such as age and gender) and histopathology of LP and their clinical presentation.

Materials and Methods:
The present study was conducted in the Department of Pathology at Sri Aurobindo Medical College and Post Graduate Institute, Indore. All cases presenting with LP and undergoing skin biopsy from December 2018 to May 2021 were included in the study. Detailed clinical history was taken, and histomorphological evaluation was performed for all the included cases.

Results:
A total of 155 cases of LP were analyzed. The mean age of presentation was 34.89 ± 16.02 years, with slight male predominance. The mean duration of the disease was 7.82 ± 5.34 months. Clinically, most cases presented with mild to moderate pruritis (64.51%), followed by intense pruritis (25.16%). Violaceous papules and plaques were the predominant findings in 80.64% of patients, followed by hyperpigmented papules and macules (13.54%). Histomorphologically, hyperkeratosis was observed in almost all cases (99.35%), followed by wedge-shaped hypergranulosis (65.80%). The most common variant found was classic LP (30.96%), followed by hypertrophic LP (29.6%) and LP pigmentosus (26.4%). Clinicopathological discordance was seen in ~14 (10%) cases.

Conclusion:
Detailed history, clinical examination, and careful histological assessment help diagnose LP and differentiate its variants.
Risk perception and barriers to utilization of mammogram for breast cancer screening among female healthcare professionals in a tertiary health institution, Benin City, Nigeria
Authors: Akaba Felicia Bosede , Osunde Ngozi Rosemary , Olorunfemi Olaolorunpo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
For the effective functioning of health workers as promoters of breast cancer prevention through early detection, the need for relevant knowledge about the disease and its early detection is crucial.

Objective:
This study assessed the risk perceptions and barriers to use mammograms for breast cancer screening among female healthcare professionals in a tertiary health institution in Benin City, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
The quantitative approach was utilized in this study as it is a systematic process that helps to describe and test relationships among variables without bias. In line with this, a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 255 female healthcare professionals from April 2023 to July 2023, using the multistage and convenience sampling method. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data with a reliability of 0.781. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 22.0 and presented in words and frequency distribution tables. Hypotheses were tested with chi-square at a 5% level of significance.

Results:
A total of 225 nurses (88.2%) and 30 doctors (11.8%) participated in the study. The mean age was 45.69 ± 5.814 years (nurses = 45.55 ± 5.679 years; doctors 46.73 ± 6.757 years). Overall, 223 (87.5%) showed a positive risk perception of breast cancer with a mean of 2.74 ± 0.966. Only 35 (13.7%) respondents had a mammogram in the last 24 months before the study. Mean ± SD = 1.15 ±.376. Utilization was not associated with risk perception (P = 0.409), but there was a significant difference (P = 0.001) in the utilization of mammograms between nurses (10.7%) and doctors (36.7%). Perceived barriers to utilization of mammogram include cost 190 (86.4%), preference for other screening methods 210 (95.5%), fear of abnormal findings 189 (85.9%), and busy work schedule 200 (90.9%).

Conclusion:
There is a high positive risk perception of breast cancer but poor utilization of mammography. Therefore, it is recommended to sensitize female healthcare professionals on the need for mammography breast screening through training and re-training.
Exploring the perception of dietary supplement intake amongst gym users in Klang Valley, Malaysia
Authors: Hasim Muhamad Hishamudin Mohmad , Lim Christopher Thiam Seong , Lim Yin Sze , Cheng Shi-Hui 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Gym users are one of the populations who frequently consume dietary supplements. Nevertheless, data investigating the perspective of gym users regarding dietary supplement intake are still lacking. Our qualitative study aims to acquire insights into the perceptions of gym users regarding dietary supplement consumption.

Methods:
A total of 10 gym users who have a membership and are actively training at the gymnasium were recruited from Selangor and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. In-depth interview was conducted, and all responses were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The data were analysed using the NVivo version 12 software.

Results:
All participants consume dietary supplements almost every day, with most of them taking at least three supplements a day. Five themes emerged from these interviews: (1) gym and the use of dietary supplements, (2) reasons for supplement intake, (3) source of information, (4) supplement perceptions and beliefs and (5) health screening experience. Half of the participants did not consult with any nutritionist or dietitian before taking dietary supplements. The reasons for consuming supplements are to improve muscle mass, enhance performance, maintain overall health, fasten recovery time and prepare for competition. Our findings suggest that participants perceived supplements to be beneficial and exceeded the potential adverse effects.

Conclusions:
Lack of awareness amongst the recruited gym users in Klang Valley, Malaysia, regarding the potential risk of side effects suggests that there is a need to provide correct information about the benefits and risks of using dietary supplements.
Relationship between music genre and the ‘flow state’ during training amongst gym-goers
Authors: Dass Jonathan D. , Fatt Ong Tah , Ong Wen Bin 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Music has been shown to affect a person’s ability to achieve flow state during exercise. However, it depends also on the selection of the right music for the exercise and the person in question.

Aims and Objectives:
The present study aims to examine the relationship between the ‘flow state’ of gym-goer’s training and the music genre gym-goers listen to during training.

Materials and Methods:
Data were collected from a sample of 167 gym-goers from different gyms in the Petaling Jaya (PJ) area, utilizing a purposive sampling technique.

Results:
The results revealed that the most preferred genre of music listened to while training, across all genders, ages, and types of training, was ‘Pop’ music (m = 3.6 ± 1.17). In terms of gender, females listen to significantly more ‘Pop’, ‘K Pop’, and ‘Soul’ than males. Pearson correlational analysis reviewed that listening to ‘Hard Rock’ (r = .273, P = .001), ‘Rock’ music (r = .222, P = .004), and Hip Hop (r = .204, P = .008) while training was found to have a significant correlation with experiencing flow state.

Conclusions:
The findings of this study provide gym-goers, gym owners, coaches, and sports psychologists with a comprehensive understanding of the genres of music to listen to or play while training to enhance the quality of training.