bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monuments, Memories, and Conversion: Commemorating Saint Louis of France in Colonial Carthage
Authors: Coslett Daniel E. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Although scholars have explored the colonialist nature of archaeology and the importance of antiquity in the legitimation of modern empires, accounts of French-occupied North Africa have largely overlooked the place of medievalism in the nineteenth- and twentieth-century French colonial project. Illustrating the strategic importance of references to the crusader-king Louis IX, whose short stay in Tunisia culminated in his death in 1270, this article explores a dynamic ensemble of commemorative structures and spaces built by France and the Catholic Church on the Byrsa Hill, Carthage’s ancient acropolis. It considers a Gothic Revival chapel (1841), a scholasticate and antiquities museum (1879), an eclectic cathedral (1894), and an archaeological garden (1950–56) before concluding with a brief account of the site’s postcolonial development and current state. The conversion of the Byrsa by Catholic officials demonstrates the multifaceted nature of colonial mythologizing and architecture, where both antiquity and medievalism played critical sociopolitical roles.
Microscopic Colitis: A Diagnostic Challenge in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Rusu Flaviu , Caragut Roxana Luiza , Lorena Mocanu Camelia , Leucuta Daniel Corneliu , Dumitrascu Dan Lucian 
Published: December 2023

Background and Aims: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is one of the most frequently diagnosed gastrointestinal disease with a prevalence of 4.1% in the general population. It is diagnosed using the Rome IV criteria. Microscopic colitis (MC), collagenous/lymphocytic colitis is a cause of chronic, watery, non-bloody diarrhea. It is a real challenge to diagnose MC in patients with IBS. The aims of the study were to determine the prevalence of MC in patients initially diagnosed with IBS, as well as to correlate fecal calprotectin levels with the endoscopic findings and microscopic inflammation in MC.
Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted in a single tertiary center with over 89 IBS patients for a period of 4 years. The patients included were patients diagnosed with IBS predominant diarrhea (IBS-D) and mixed IBS (IBS-M) using the Rome IV criteria. Total colonoscopy was performed in these patients, multiple biopsies being taken and calprotectin levels were measured.
Results: Out of a total of 89 IBS-D patients, 58 patients (65.2%) had no microscopic lesions, 12 patients (13.5%) had diverticular disease, 9 patients (10.1%) had non-specific chronic inflammation of the colon mucosa and 10 patients (11.2%) were diagnosed with MC. The calprotectin levels ranged from 49 μg/g to 213 μg/g. Of a total of 10 patients diagnosed with MC, 6 (60%) of them had calprotectin levels <100 μg/g and 4 (40%) had calprotectin levels >100 μg/g. The fecal calprotectin levels were higher in patients diagnosed with MC compared to those who had no microscopic lesions at the histological exam and it was also correlated with the grade of colonic microscopic inflammation.
Conclusions: Microscopic colitis is less familiar to physicians and can be clinically misdiagnosed as IBS-D. An early and correct diagnosis is important for an accurate therapy.
Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Quality in Italy: A Nationwide Study
Authors: Zullo Angelo , De Francesco Vincenzo , Amato Arnaldo , Bergna Irene , Bendia Emanuele , Giorgini Giorgia , Buscarini Elisabetta , Manfredi Guido , Cadoni Sergio , Cannizzaro Renato , Realdon Stefano , Ciuffi Mario , Ignomirelli Orazio , Da Massa Carrara Paola , Finucci Giovanni , Di Somma Antonietta , Frandina Chiara , Loria Mariafrancesca , Galeazzi Francesca , Ferrara Francesco , Gemme Carlo , Bertetti Noemi Sara , Gentili Federica , Lotito Antonio , Germanà Bastianello , Russo Nunzia , Grande Giuseppe , Conigliaro Rita , Cravero Federico , Venezia Giovanna , Marmo Riccardo , Senneca Piera , Milano Angelo , Efthymakis Konstantinos , Monica Fabio , Montalto Paolo , Lombardi Mario , Morelli Olivia , Castellani Danilo , Nigro Daniela , Festa Roberto , Peralta Sergio , Grasso Maria , Privitera Antonello , Distefano Maria Emanuela , Scaccianoce Giuseppe , Loiacono Mariangela , Segato Sergio , Balzarini Marco , Usai Satta Paolo , Lai Mariantonia , Manta Raffaele 
Published: December 2023

Background and Aims: International guidelines advise improving esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) quality in Western countries, where gastric cancer is still diagnosed in advanced stages. This nationwide study investigated some indicators for the quality of EGD performed in endoscopic centers in Italy.
Methods: Clinical, endoscopic, and procedural data of consecutive EGDs performed in one month in the participating centers were reviewed and collected in a specific database. Some quality indicators before and during endoscopic procedures were evaluated.
Results: A total of 3,219 EGDs performed by 172 endoscopists in 28 centers were reviewed. Data found that some relevant information (family history for GI cancer, smoking habit, use of proton pump inhibitors) were not collected before endoscopy in 58.5-80.7% of patients. Pre-endoscopic preparation for gastric cleaning was routinely performed in only 2 (7.1%) centers. Regarding the procedure, sedation was not performed in 17.6% of patients, and virtual chromoendoscopy was frequently (>75%) used in only one (3.6%) center. An adequate sampling of the gastric mucosa (i.e., antral and gastric body specimens) was heterogeneously performed, and it was routinely performed only by 23% of endoscopists, and in 14.3% centers.
Conclusions: Our analysis showed that the quality of EGD performed in clinical practice in Italy deserves to be urgently improved in different aspects.
Characteristics of the Patients Aged Less than 40 Years Operated for a Renal Mass
Authors: Ilktac Abdullah , Dogan Bayram , Ersoz Cevper , Coban Ganime , Kalkan Senad 
Published: December 2023

The incidence of renal cell cancer (RCC) is low in individuals aged less than 40 years; however several studies have shown this increasing trend over the years. Hereditary syndromes are associated with RCC and are more frequently observed in early-onset cases. In this study, we investigated the characteristics of the patients, aged less than 40 years, who were operated for a renal mass with the suspicion of RCC. We analyzed patients aged <40 years who underwent partial or radical nephrectomy between January 2012 and December 2022. A total of 618 patients underwent partial or radical nephrectomy and 60 (9.7%) patients were aged <40 years. A total of 62 renal masses were resected. The median age of the patients was 34 (31.75–38) years. RCC was detected in 50 (80.6%) lesions, while 12 (19.4%) lesions were benign. The most commonly observed benign tumors were oncocytoma and multicystic nephroma. Low-stage RCC (stage 1) was detected in 78% of patients. Recurrence was observed in two patients and both had von Hippel–Landau gene mutation. During follow-up, two patients were found to have lung metastasis, while another patient had bone metastasis. Three patients died during the follow-up period. Disease free survival rate was 89.58% and cancer specific survival rate was 93.88%. The incidences of kidney cancer in young adults are increasing; therefore, early discovery and the diagnosis are important. Further research is required to gain a better understanding.
Modelo estratégico de Mercadeo Social con enfoque de valor para organizaciones sin ánimo de lucro.
Authors: Yanquen Mejia Maria Camila 
Published: December 2023

El proyecto opción de grado Modelo estratégico de Mercadeo Social con enfoque de valor para organizaciones sin ánimo de lucro. Caso de estudio: Organización Dhefensoras es una investigación interdisciplinar desarrollada desde la comunicación para el cambio social y desde el mercadeo social con la organización Dhefensoras, ente aliado al Centro de Investigación en artes Tinkuy del Politecnico Grancolombiano, en la Primera Convocatoria de Investigación Creación 2022.
The role of endophytes and rhizobacteria to combat drought stress in wheat
Authors: MUKHTIAR Asif , LIHONG Wang , MAHMOOD Athar , AMEEN Muaz , ZIA Muhammad Anjum , ARSHAD Tahreem , NAQVE Maria , WAHAB Hafiz A. , RASHEED Adnan , ASGHAR Saima , ZAFAR Asma , HASSAN Muhammad U. 
Published: December 2023

Wheat production suffers greatly from drought stress, resulting in yield losses. Endophytes and rhizobacteria have been recognized as a valuable source in mitigating of drought stress by improving plant resistance and growth. In this review, we discuss how endophytes and rhizobacteria help wheat cope with drought stress. During drought stress, endophytes have been found to increase plant water usage efficiency and decrease water loss. Endophytes are harmless microorganisms that live inside plant tissues. Rhizobacteria establish colonies in the root system through various procedures, including phytohormones production, modification of root architecture, and activation of stress-inducible genes, thereby promoting plant growth and enhancing stress resistance. Numerous studies have shown how endophytes and rhizobacteria can improve the potential of wheat to withstand drought. For instance, inoculation with endophytes like Piriformospora indica and Bacillus spp. has been proven to enhance wheat plant yield and drought resistance. Similarly, it has been proven that rhizobacteria like Pseudomonas spp. and Azospirillum brasilense enhance drought tolerance through a variety of mechanisms. To minimize the consequence of wheat under drought conditions, the efficient method is the use of endophytes and rhizobacteria as biofertilizers, which could ultimately boost yields and sustainability. More research needs to be done so that it can be used most effectively in the field and so that we can better understand how they work. We explained current understanding of the role and mechanisms of endophytes and rhizobacteria in minimizing drought stress effects in wheat. Additionally, we highlighted areas of limited knowledge and suggested directions for future research. This review will provide the new suggestion on the role of endophytes and rhizobacteria in mitigating the drought stress in plants.
Hamdım, Piştim, Yandım: Kaza Kadılığından Anadolu Serdarlığına Karamânî Nuh Paşa’nın Serencâmı (1576-1606)
Authors: ÖZÇELİK Emirhan 
Published: December 2023

XVI. yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren Osmanlı İmparatorluğu doğuda ve batıda
girdiği uzun savaşların neticesinde askerî, iktisadî ve idarî olarak köklü değişimler
geçirmişti. Eyaletlerin yönetimi ve beylerbeylerinin tayin usulleri de dönemin şartlarına
uygun olarak değişim göstermişti. Bu çalışmanın konusu olan Karamânî Nuh Paşa,
taşra memuriyetlerinden yüksek mevkilere geçişin azaldığı bir dönemde, Karaman’da
kaza kadılığı ile başlayan siyasi hayatını, Celâlîlere karşı savaşan ordunun serdarlığını
yaparak tamamlamıştı. Nuh Paşa’nın ilmiyeden askeriyenin yüksek mevkilerine
ulaşabilmesinde, Karaman başta olmak üzere birçok doğu eyaletinin malî meseleleriyle
ilgilenip tecrübe kazanması birinci etkendi. Bu sayede kadılıktan mal defterdarlığına terfi
edebilen Nuh Paşa, uzun savaşlar sebebiyle devletin nakdî gelire ihtiyaç duyduğu bu
dönemde eyaletlerin gelirlerini tahsil etme ve merkeze hazine gönderme başarılarıyla
öne çıkmıştı. Eyaletlerin maddî kaynaklarının idaresinin önem kazanmasına mukabil
birçok mal defterdarı ve baş-defterdar gibi Nuh Paşa da beylerbeyi tayin edilmişti. Malî
tecrübeleriyle bu mevkilere yükselen Nuh Paşa, ömrünün son döneminde memleketi
Karaman’da fitillenen Celâlî isyanlarının yerelle ilişkileri güçlü devlet adamlarına olan ihtiyacının etkisiyle kalemiyeden seyfiyeye geçiş yapmıştı. Böylece eyalet muhafızlığı,
Karaman beylerbeyi payesiyle Habsburg seferlerine katılmış ve en sonunda Celâlîlerle
savaşan ordunun serdarlığıyla başarılı bir askerî kariyere de sahip olabilmişti.
Yazınsal Metin Karakterine Fenomenolojik Bakış: Ömer Seyfettin’in “Perili Köşk” Hikâyesi
Authors: KULELİ Mesut 
Published: December 2023

Genellikle olay hikâyesi yazarı olarak bilinen Ömer Seyfettin, hikâyelerinde
kurguladığı karakterlerin derin bir psikolojik tahlilini yapmamakta, bu çözümleme okura
düşmektedir. Ancak bir söylem üreticisi, kendi hayatını kapsayan deneyimlerinden veya
toplumsal öğretilmişliklerden bağımsız sözceler oluşturamayacağı için, yazarın kurguladığı
karakterlerin felsefi ve psikolojik boyutlarının derinlemesine çözümlenmesi önem arz
etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Ömer Seyfettin’in dönemsel olarak toplumsal değişimi göz
önüne serdiği ve batıl inançlara ironik olarak yaklaştığı “Perili Köşk” başlıklı hikâyedeki
baş karakter olan Sermet Bey’in söylemleri ve eylemleri kartezyen şüphecilik ve
fenomenoloji perspektifleriyle çözümlenmiştir. Ömer Seyfettin karakterlerinin psikolojik
boyutlarını çözümleyebilmek için kartezyen şüphe ve fenomenolojinin öğretileri veri
toplama yöntemi olarak kullanılmış ve gelecek çalışmalar için yol gösterici bir yöntem
olarak sunulması hedeflenmiştir. Yapılan çözümlemede, baş karakterin septik bir kişiliği
olduğu, görme ve duyma duyularının sağladığı algıların yanıltıcılığını önvarsaydığı,
dolayımsız deneyim için dokunma duyusuna bel bağladığı görülmektedir. Böylece
bu septik tutumun, Derscartes’in zihin-beden düalizmi kapsamında ele alınabilecek şüpheciliği temelinde değerlendirilemeyeceği, algıya yönelik olarak dokunma duyusuna
atfettiği önemin Decartes’teki uyku-uyanıklık analojisine tezat oluşturduğu, karakterin
çözümlenmesinde fenomenolojik yöntemin benimsenebileceği bulunmuştur.
Characterizing the Background Noise Level of Rotational Ground Motions on Earth
Authors: Brotzer Andreas , Igel Heiner , Stutzmann Eléonore , Montagner Jean-Paul , Bernauer Felix , Wassermann Joachim , Widmer-Schnidrig Rudolf , Lin Chin-Jen , Kiselev Sergey , Vernon Frank , Schreiber Karl Ulrich 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The development of high-sensitive ground-motion instrumentation for Earth and planetary exploration is governed by so-called low-noise models, which characterize the minimum level of physical ground motions, observed across a very broad frequency range (0.1 mHz–100 Hz). For decades, broadband instruments for seismic translational ground-motion sensing allowed for observations down to the Earth’s low-noise model. Knowing the lowermost noise level distribution across frequencies enabled not only to infer characteristics of Earth such as the ocean microseismic noise (microseisms) and seismic hum, but also to develop highly successful ambient seismic noise analysis techniques in seismology. Such a low-noise model currently does not exist for rotational ground motions. In the absence of a substantial observational database, we propose a preliminary rotational low-noise model (RLNM) for transverse rotations based on two main wavefield assumptions: the frequency range under investigation is dominated by surface-wave energy, and the employed phase velocity models for surface waves are representative. These assumptions hold, in particular, for a period range of about 2–50 s and lose validity towards long periods when constituents produced by atmospheric pressure dominate. Because noise levels of vertical and horizontal accelerations differ, we expect also different noise levels for transverse and vertical rotations. However, at this moment, we propose a common model for both types of rotations based on the transverse RLNM. We test our RLNM against available direct observations provided by two large-scale ring lasers (G-ring and ROMY) and array-derived rotations (Piñon Flats Observatory array, Gräfenberg array, and ROMY array). We propose this RLNM to be useful as guidance for the development of high-performance rotation instrumentation for seismic applications in a range of 2–50 s. Achieving broadband sensitivity below such a RLNM remains a challenging task, but one that has to be achieved.
VARIABILIDAD ESPACIAL Y TEMPORAL DEL ALMACENAMIENTO DE AGUA EN EL SUELO EN COLOMBIA
Authors: Guarín Giraldo Germán W. 
Published: December 2023

Se estudia la variabilidad espacio-temporal de la humedad del suelo y la precipitación en el territorio Colombiano en el periodo agosto de 2002 - febrero de 2008, y su relación con respecto al sistema El Niño/Oscilación del Sur (ENSO). Para la estimación se usan series de tiempo del espesor de agua equivalente (EWH) obtenido de la misión GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment), así como de almacenamiento de agua en el suelo obtenido del Reanálisis Climático del NCEP/NCAR, y datos de precipitación de la misión TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission). El territorio Colombiano se dividió en 5 grandes regiones climáticas: Caribe, Pacífica, Andina, Orinoquia y Amazonía. Se observó una respuesta inversa de la anomalía del EWH con las variaciones del ONI, uno de los índices que caracterizan el sistema ENSO. Los coeficientes de correlación entre el modelo de humedad y EWH fueron mayores a 0.6 para todas las regiones al evaluar las series simultáneamente, mientras que con la precipitación los mayores valores se encontraron con uno y dos meses de rezago.
Psychological analysis of risk factors and protective factors under exam stress
Authors: Kuanganovna Bikadamova Anar , Reschke Horst Konrad , Alena Garber , Zulkiya Moldakhmentova , Ismailbekovna Shalabayeva Laura 
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this paper is to identify protective factors for students' anxiety management under exam stress. Students experience a range of negative emotions in addition to exam anxiety throughout university exams including stress, fear of knowledge assessments and fear of low performance. However, students ‘exam preparation and passing can be changed by identifying protective factors for exam stress coping while focusing less on reducing risk factors. Possible protective factors for exam anxiety coping in the present study were resilience, self-efficacy, stress tolerance, overall life satisfaction and coping behavior. In general, our assumption was confirmed that stress tolerance, proactive coping behavior, overall life satisfaction and resilience are the most important factors in overcoming exam fear. Self-efficacy as a latent factor that has a significant impact on overcoming exam fear was not identified. The study validated that stress tolerance, proactive coping, life satisfaction and resilience are pivotal in conquering exam-related fear. However, self-efficacy did not emerge as a significant factor.
Optimizing Gel Formulations Using Carbopol 940 and Sodium Alginate Containing Andrographis paniculata Extract for Burn-Wound Healing
Authors: Apriani Elsa Fitria , Kornelia Naisa , Amriani Annisa 
Published: December 2023

Background: Sambiloto leaves (Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees) contain andrographolide (diterpene lactone), flavonoids, quinic acid, steroids, saponins, alkaloids, and tannins, which act as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, and wound healing. Objective: This study optimizes the gelling ingredient in Sambiloto extract gel preparations (Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Ness) as a wound healer in male Wistar rats. The gelling agent is an important component that can affect active substance release. Methods: Formula optimization was developed using the Regular Two-Level 22 Factorial Design method in Design-Expert 12 software. This study used 0.5%-1% carbopol 940 and 1%-5% sodium alginate. Carbopol 940 and Sodium Alginate have different characteristics, so they need to be optimized to produce a gel with good characteristics. Results: Physical property evaluation using factorial design revealed the optimal formula at 0.5% carbopol and 5% sodium alginate, with average pH, viscosity, and adhesion values of 5.17 ± 0.04; 2934.452±286.871 cPs; and 194.236±3.684 s. Centrifugation and cycling tests indicated no organoleptic changes, phase separation, or significant changes in pH. ANOVA analysis showed that the gel with 10% Sambiloto leaf extract had similar burn healing activity to the positive control, with a recovery rate of 99.72 ± 0.47% in 20 days. Scabs formed on the 8th day and peeled off on the 12th day. Conclusion: Sambiloto extract gel in the optimum formula has the potential to be developed as a burn wound-healing drug.
Effect of CaCl2 Crosslinker Concentration On The Characteristics, Release and Stability of Ciprofloxacin HCl-Alginate-Carrageenan Microspheres
Authors: Amiruddin  , Muh. Agus Syamsur Rijal  , Dewi Melani Hariyadi  
Published: December 2023

Background: Ciprofloxacin HCl is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic that has the lowest MIC against Mycobacterium tuberculosis but has limitations in oral use, so inhalation microspheres are made. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of CaCl2 crosslinker concentration on the characteristics, release and stability of ciprofloxacin-alginate-carrageenan microspheres. Methods: Microspheres were prepared by ionotropic gelation using aerosolization with calcium chloride 0.5M (F1), 1.0M (F2), 1.5M (F3), 2.0M (F4) as crosslinker and then dried using freeze dryer. Results: Ciprofloxacin-alginate-carrageenan microspheres formed of yellowish-white powder, smooth morphology and excellent flow properties with the particle size of less than 5µm, drug loading and entrapment efficiency were between 2.05% - 2.42% and 75.34% - 98.09%, yield was between 84.69% - 97.57%, moisture content of less than 10%. Ciprofloxacin-alginate-carrageenan microspheres with 1.5M crosslinker (F3) was the optimal formula. For 12 hours, ciprofloxacin released was 49.89% - 63.78% at pH 7.4, and the kinetics of drug release showed that of Korsmeyer-peppas with a mechanism based on fickian diffusion. The microspheres were discovered to be stable for up to 28 days of storage. Conclusion: The increased concentration of the CaCl2 crosslinker from 0.5M to 2.0M decreased the particle size and drug release but increased the yield, drug loading and entrapment efficiency.
Five Years Outpatients Antibiotics Consumption at Public Tertiary Hospital in Bengkulu According to Access, Watch and Reserve Classification
Authors: Apriyanti Yusna Fadliyyah , Saepudin  , Siti Maisharah S. Gadzi  
Published: December 2023

Background: Access, Watch, and Reserve (AWaRe) antibiotics classification was released in 2019 by the World Health Organization (WHO) to enhance antimicrobial stewardship programs in all healthcare facilities. As a result, WHO advises global action to increase the availability of antibiotics from the Access group by more than 60%.Objective: to determine antibiotics consumption for outpatients at a public tertiary hospital in Bengkulu, Sumatera-Indonesia, from 2018 to 2022, focusing on antibiotics from Access class according to the AWaRe classification from WHO and Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia (MoHRI). Methods: This is a cross-sectional survey analyzing aggregate data on antibiotics use for outpatients at the hospital during the study period. Data on antibiotics were collected from the hospital pharmacy department, while data on patient visits were collected from the medical records department. The quantity of antibiotics used was calculated using the ATC/DDD method and expressed in DDD/1000 patient-day (PD), which was then converted into a percentage. Results: During the study period, 50-60% and 65-73% out of 14-19 antibiotic agents are from Access class according to WHO and MoHRI AWaRe classification, respectively. Quantitatively, according to the WHO and MoHRI AWaRe classification, the consumption of antibiotics from the Access class was 25-50% and 33-71% of total consumption, respectively. In addition, the segment of drug utilization 90% (DU90%) of antibiotics was dominated by antibiotics from Watch class. Conclusion: The hospital has not yet met the WHO target for antibiotic consumption from the Access class, highlighting the need for some effective efforts from Watch class to limit the usage of antibiotics.