bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of macroalgae from the West Coast of Sulawesi and potential utilization as ruminant feed sources
Authors: Fitriawaty F , Surya S , Muslimin S , Syamsuddin S , Yusriani Y , Qomariah N , Pamungkas D , Ella A 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The use of macroalgae as a ruminant feed is being widely developed due to its rich nutritional content and the presence of anti-methanogenic substances that may be able to reduce the formation of methane gas in ruminants. Macroalgae are cultivated and not cultivated; the species are diverse and grow in groups throughout Indonesian waters. This study aims to identify macro algae morphology that is easily found in the waters of the West Coast of Sulawesi and its potential use as a source of ruminant feed. Macro alga samples of cultivated and non-cultivated algae were collected from farmers and fishermen from the West Coast of Sulawesi, then continued with morphological identification. Several related articles and previous research obtained data regarding nutritional content using proximate analysis (protein, lipid and ash) and its potential use as a feed source. Research shows several macroalgae species that are easily found in the waters of the west coast of Sulawesi, namely macroalgae cultivated Gracilaria sp, Eucheuma denticulatum, Eucheuma cottonii, and Caulerpa sp. In contrast, the non-cultivated ones are Sargassum sp, Padina australis, Halymenia sp, Halimynea sp, and Caulerpa sp. Of the eight species, It is nutrient-rich and may be utilized as a source of feed for ruminants in the form of pure or extracts, but the proportion of macroalgae in the diet must be taken into account.
A superhard sp2–sp3 hybridized orthorhombic carbon allotrope with conductive property under extreme pressure
Authors: Mukherjee Neetik , Shukla Gaurav , Tiwari Ashwani K 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Superhard materials with conductive properties are extremely important. They have potential applications in multifunctional devices under extreme natural conditions. Here we present a superhard and conductive sp2–sp3 mixed hybrid carbon allotrope through Density functional theory calculations. The proposed carbon phase contains 36 atoms in an orthorhombic unit cell with Pmmm symmetry. In present structure (namely poC36), the sp2 bonds are wrapped around inside the sp3 bonded network. At 0 GPa it is dynamically stable and energetically more favourable than fullerene C60, graphene, Orth-C10, orth-C

10

′

, oC36, C48, C20-sc, C21-sc, M-carbon, W-carbon etc. At 47.2 GPa pressure it is energy becomes lower than graphite. The Vickers hardness value is 76.32 GPa, which is higher than cubic boron nitride, the second hardest material. At 0 GPa it is an indirect band gap semi-conductor with band gap 0.08 eV. At around 11 GPa pressure, the valence band crosses the conduction band generating 1D conductivity in poC36. These, interesting features make poC36 a useful material for mechanical tools and electronic devices. The Raman spectra exhibits a diamond-like band, alongside graphite-like G and D bands, all of which undergo rightward shifts with increasing pressure, indicating structural changes. X-ray diffraction at 0 GPa resembles diamond, but at 47 GPa, four peaks vanish while six new ones emerge, signifying significant structural alterations under high pressure.
Stigma in vitiligo: associated factors and severity strata of the Patient Unique Stigmatization Holistic tool in Dermatology (PUSH-D) score
Authors: Fakih Ali , Tannous Rim , Lajnef Mohamed , Seneschal Julien , Andreu Nicolas , Tran Viet-Thi , Ezzedine Khaled 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Vitiligo is the most common cause of skin depigmentation worldwide. Patients with vitiligo may experience stigma and this needs to be addressed.

Objectives
To evaluate stigma in patients with vitiligo, search for associated factors and establish severity strata for the Patient Unique Stigmatization Holistic tool in Dermatology (PUSH-D) for patients with vitiligo.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study in ComPaRe Vitiligo, an e-cohort of adult patients with vitiligo. Stigmatization was assessed using the PUSH-D, a recently validated dermatology-specific stigmatization assessment tool. We conducted univariate and multivariable linear regression to identify patient and disease factors associated with the stigmatization. We used an anchor-based approach to define severity strata for the PUSH-D.

Results
In total, 318 patients participated (mean age 49.7 years; 73.9% women). Fitzpatrick skin phototype IV–VI, severe facial involvement (high Self-Assessment Vitiligo Extent Score of the face) and depression (high Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score) were positively ­associated with a higher stigmatization score, although this association was weak [r = 0.24 (P &lt; 0.001) and r = 0.30 (P &lt; 0.001), respectively]. PUSH-D cutoff values that best discriminated patients with high and low stigma, as defined by the anchor question, were 13 and 23 (κ = 0.622, 95% confidence interval 0.53–0.71).

Conclusions
Our study is the first to use a skin-specific stigmatization tool to assess stigma in patients with vitiligo. Creating strata helps to better interpret the PUSH-D in daily practice and may facilitate its use in clinical trials.
Impact of wearable wireless continuous vital sign monitoring in abdominal surgical patients: before–after study
Authors: Leenen Jobbe P L , Ardesch Vera , Kalkman Cor J , Schoonhoven Lisette , Patijn Gijs A 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Technological advances have enabled continuous monitoring of vital signs (CMVS) by wearable, wireless devices on general hospital wards to facilitate early detection of clinical deterioration, which could potentially improve clinical outcomes. However, evidence on the impact of these CMVS systems on patient outcomes is limited. This research aimed to explore the effect of CMVS on the clinical outcomes in major abdominal surgery patients in a general surgery ward.

Methods
A single-centre before–after study was conducted from October 2019 to June 2022. Patients in the intervention group received CMVS in addition to conventional intermittent vital sign monitoring (standard care for control group). With CMVS, heart rate and respiratory rate were measured every 5 min by a patch sensor. Proactive vital signs trends assessments and, when necessary, subsequent nursing activities were performed every nursing shift. The primary outcome of interest was the length of hospital stay (LOS); also, 12 patient-related outcomes were analysed. In the CMVS group, follow-up nursing activities of deviating vital signs trends were described and patient acceptability was measured. Post-hoc subgroup analysis was performed for colorectal and hepatopancreatobiliary surgery.

Results
A total of 908 patients were included (colorectal: n = 650; hepatopancreatobiliary: n = 257). Overall, median LOS was lower in the CMVS group (5.0 versus 5.5 days; P = 0.012), respectively. Post-hoc subgroup analysis showed this reduction in LOS was mostly observed in the colorectal group and not in the hepatopancreatobiliary group. Apart from a decrease in nurse-to-house-officer calls (from 15.3% to 7.7%; P = 0.007), all secondary clinical outcomes were similar in CMVS and control groups. However, a non-significant trend towards less-severe complications and reduced ICU LOS was observed in the CMVS group. In CMVS patients, 109 additional nursing activities were performed and 83% of patients indicated CMVS was acceptable.

Conclusion
CMVS was associated with a significant reduction in LOS, while other clinical outcomes were unchanged. CMVS triggered additional nursing activities such as extra patient assessments and therapeutic interventions.
Rhizoviticin is an alphaproteobacterial tailocin that mediates biocontrol of grapevine crown gall disease
Authors: Ishii Tomoya , Tsuchida Natsuki , Hemelda Niarsi Merry , Saito Kirara , Bao Jiyuan , Watanabe Megumi , Toyoda Atsushi , Matsubara Takehiro , Sato Mayuko , Toyooka Kiminori , Ishihama Nobuaki , Shirasu Ken , Matsui Hidenori , Toyoda Kazuhiro , Ichinose Yuki , Hayashi Tetsuya , Kawaguchi Akira , Noutoshi Yoshiteru 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Tailocins are headless phage tail structures that mediate interbacterial antagonism. Although the prototypical tailocins, R- and F-pyocins, in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and other predominantly R-type tailocins have been studied, their presence in Alphaproteobacteria remains unexplored. Here, we report the first alphaproteobacterial F-type tailocin, named rhizoviticin, as a determinant of the biocontrol activity of Allorhizobium vitis VAR03-1 against crown gall. Rhizoviticin is encoded by a chimeric prophage genome, one providing transcriptional regulators and the other contributing to tail formation and cell lysis, but lacking head formation genes. The rhizoviticin genome retains a nearly intact early phage region containing an integrase remnant and replication-related genes critical for downstream gene transcription, suggesting an ongoing transition of this locus from a prophage to a tailocin-coding region. Rhizoviticin is responsible for the most antagonistic activity in VAR03-1 culture supernatant against pathogenic A. vitis strain, and rhizoviticin deficiency resulted in a significant reduction in the antitumorigenic activity in planta. We identified the rhizoviticin-coding locus in eight additional A. vitis strains from diverse geographical locations, highlighting a unique survival strategy of certain Rhizobiales bacteria in the rhizosphere. These findings advance our understanding of the evolutionary dynamics of tailocins and provide a scientific foundation for employing rhizoviticin-producing strains in plant disease control.
Examining the spatial distribution of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in patients with stage I to IIIA LUAD
Authors: Du Weijiao , Yang Fan , Hui Zhenzhen , Zhang Jiali , Shen Meng , Ren Xiubao , Wei Feng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to examine the spatial distribution of immune cells by application of Gcross function in 170 patients with stage I to IIIA lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and explore its prognostic value. A total of 170 stage I to IIIA LUAD patients who underwent radical surgery were enrolled. Paraffinized tumor sections were collected for 2 panels of multicolor immunofluorescence staining (panel 1: CD4, CD8, FOXP3, CD69, CD39, CD73, and DAPI; panel 2: CD68, CD163, CD20, CD11c, PDL1, IDO, and DAPI). The immune cells were categorized as CD8+, CD4+ T helper cell (CD4Th), regulatory T cell, macrophage type 1 (M1), M2, dendritic cell (DC), and B cell. The immune cell numbers were enumerated, and the immune cell proximity score was calculated employing the Gcross function. The correlation between immune cell variables and disease-free survival (DFS) was explored through univariate Cox regression analyses. Factors with P &lt; 0.05 were subjected to multivariate analyses. According to univariate Cox regression analyses, total PDL1+ and PDL1+ DC counts were negative factors (P = 0.003 and 0.031, respectively). CD4Th and IDO−DC counts were positive factors (P = 0.022 and 0.024, respectively). The proximity score (M1 to M2) was a positive factor for DFS (P = 0.032), and the proximity score (PDL1 + DC to M1) was a negative factor (P = 0.009) according to univariate Cox analyses. In multivariate analyses, stage (IIIA vs I + II) (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.77 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.18–2.64], P = 0.006) and proximity score (PDL1 + DC to M1) (HR: 1.60 [95% CI: 1.07–2.37], P = 0.021) were independent negative factors and CD4Th counts (HR: 0.60 [95% CI: 0.40–0.90], P = 0.013) was an independent positive factor. Our study indicated that a higher level of tumor-infiltrating CD4Th cells predicted longer DFS, and a closer proximity of PDL1+ DCs to M1 cells was associated with dismal DFS in stage I to IIIA LUAD patients.
On (In-)Secure Grounds: How Military Forces Interact with Global Environmental Change
Authors: Vogler Anselm 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Military forces contribute to, struggle with, and respond to global environmental change. This entangles them ambiguously with their ecological environment. This article reviews these entanglements in two steps. First, it develops a three-dimensional typology of ecologically relevant military activities by drawing on the environmental peace and conflict research streams of political ecology, decolonial studies, environmental conflicts, environmental peacebuilding, securitization, and climate human security. In a second step, this typology then guides the first literature review of studies on military –environment interactions. The review finds four different military roles: (1) Military forces are complicit in causing environmental harms through military conduct; (2) they are involved in Anthropocene geopolitics, for instance, in a melting Arctic; (3) they alleviate impacts through a range of mitigation and adaptation measures, including military disaster response; and, finally, (4) some military forces have been found involved in obstructing climate policy. The study argues that these different roles are indicative of the challenges that conventional security policies face when addressing the increasingly multipolar Anthropocene’s global security challenges.
Retained arterial catheter following patient self-discontinuation—a case report
Authors: Byskosh Alexandria , Olsen Kevin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A patient self-discontinues arterial line resulting in retention of arterial catheter. The retained catheter was identified on bedside ultrasound and the patient required radial artery exploration and removal of catheter under general anesthesia. We describe potential contributing factors and solutions to catheter design and placement as well as next steps once a retained catheter has been identified.
Effects of charge exchange on plasma flow in the heliosheath and astrosheathes
Authors: Korolkov S D , Izmodenov V V 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Shock boundary layers are regions bounded by a shock wave on the one side and tangential discontinuity on the other side. These boundary layers are commonly observed in astrophysics. For example, they exist in the regions of the interaction of the stellar winds with the surrounding interstellar medium. Additionally, the shock layers (SLs) are often penetrated by the flows of interstellar atoms, as, for instance, in the astrospheres of the stars embedded by the partially ionized interstellar clouds. This paper presents a simple toy model of an SL that aims to qualitatively describe the influence of charge exchange with interstellar hydrogen atoms on the plasma flow in astrospheric SLs. To clearly explore this effect, magnetic fields are neglected, and the geometry is kept as simple as possible. The model explains why the cooling of plasma due to charge exchange in the inner heliosheath leads to an increase in plasma density in front of the heliopause. It also demonstrates that the source of momentum causes changes in the pressure profile within the SL. The paper also discusses the decrease in plasma density near the astropause in the outer SL in the case of layer heating, which is particularly relevant in light of the Voyager measurements in the heliospheric SL.
Debating Surrogacy
Authors: Gheaus Anca , Straehle Christine 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Surrogacy is the commissioning of a woman to gestate and give birth to a child for another would-be parent. The practice raises several ethical questions concerning, for example, the commodification of both surrogate and baby and the exploitation of the surrogate, issues which have been extensively debated. This book offers a fresh take on two different questions that bear on surrogacy’s justifiability: Is providing gestational services a permissible way of employing a woman’s body—is it a legitimate form of work? And are children born out of surrogacy wronged by surrogacy agreements? Christine Straehle proposes that surrogacy is legitimate work—a way for women to realize certain goals through the fruit of their labour. She defends a right to become a surrogate as necessary to protect women’s autonomy. Anca Gheaus argues that surrogacy always wrongs children—whether or not it also harms them—by disrespecting them; gestational services are therefore impermissible. In her response to Gheaus, Straehle questions that surrogacy wrongs children; besides a genetic, she also defends aintentional model of parental rights, which indicates that having a child through surrogacy should count as a ground to assign parental rights. In her response, Gheaus objects that Straehle’s view fails to properly account for the interests of either surrogates or children. However, Gheaus accepts that women may gestate without the intention to have custody over the newborn, and is therefore open to some kind of post-surrogacy practice that, in the allocation of legal parenthood, would radically depart from any historical or currently proposed form of surrogacy.
Stigma and the Myth of Meritocracy
Authors: Sharone Ofer 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses how the stigmatization of anyone who is unemployed or otherwise struggling in the labor market is the flipside of the pervasive myth of meritocracy—the false assumption that one’s position reflects one’s merit. It shows how this stigma is linked to the institutions of neoliberal capitalism, which sanctify markets as the supreme arbiters of value. The stigma of unemployment creates a trap that can ensnare any one of us. Layoffs have become a routine part of American life, and once workers become unemployed, regardless of their level of education or past professional achievements, they may be viewed with suspicion by everyone around them. Stigma is such a powerful force that even professionals with advanced degrees from top universities like MIT or Harvard can get shut out of jobs that pay middle-class wages.
Sociological Coaching and Countering Internalized Stigma
Authors: Sharone Ofer 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores how sociological coaching and support can help unemployed jobseekers counter internalized stigma and better navigate the challenges of unemployment described in this book. The dominant self-help model of support ignores the issue of stigma and implicitly blames the unemployed for their predicament. By contrast, the approach discussed in this chapter, developed with a large team of volunteer career coaches and counselors, directly addresses the issues of stigma and encourages the sharing of emotional hardships with peers. Jobseekers report powerful relief when realizing they are not alone in their experience. The open discussion of stigma with peers helps counter the internalization of stigma, improves well-being, and can lead to the formation of supportive relationships. But even the most effective form of support does not address the pernicious stigma of unemployment. To challenge this stigma requires collective action and ultimately new policies, which are the focus of Chapter 7.
Introduction
Authors: Bagg Samuel Ely 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This introductory chapter provides a short and accessible overview of the core themes and central arguments of the book. It begins with a discussion of the 2018 “yellow vests” protests in France, and the response of French President Emmanuel Macron, as an illustration of how different ideas about democracy are reflected in different approaches to democratic action and reform. It argues that all of the opposing sides in this drama interpret democracy as the pursuit of collective self-rule in some form. It then outlines why dissenting traditions of skeptical realism and radical critique have cast doubt on this widespread, conventional ideal of democracy as collective self-rule: namely, because of its focus on collective decision-making rather than the underlying balance of power in society. Finally, it introduces an alternative ideal—democracy as resisting state capture—as a response to these concerns, and outlines the basic claims and implications of this alternative, “critical realist” approach. In short, this ideal conceives democracy as a set of practices that help to promote the public interest by protecting public power from capture at the hands of any group. And given the existing distribution of power in today’s societies, that means focusing especially on the dangers posed by wealthy elites and categorically advantaged groups. It concludes with a chapter outline giving a brief summary of the rest of the book, and a preview of the most important priorities it sets for democratic action and reform.
Organizing for Power
Authors: Bagg Samuel Ely 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter applies the ideal of resisting state capture to the third major task of democratic theory, as outlined in Chapter 1: namely, setting priorities for civic action and participation outside the state. It begins by noting how little attention democratic theorists have paid to the problem of creating countervailing power. This is to be expected from ideals of collective self-rule, which naturally focus on more collaborative tactics. However, even those allied perspectives that recognize the critical importance of countervailing power—such as agonism, republicanism, and pluralism—have paid very little attention (with a few notable exceptions) to how it is actually constructed. The chapter begins to rectify this problem by examining a particularly promising paradigm of democratic action, articulated by several overlapping traditions of organizers in the labor movement, the community organizing tradition, and the Black freedom movement: “organizing for power.” Its tactics are limited in scale, so it cannot serve as a complete agenda for civic action and participation, but this model boasts a unique track record of achieving two things that are otherwise very difficult: transformations of political identity and sustained collective action among large groups of people. In fact, the chapter argues, these two goals are inextricably linked, and the distinctive practices of organizing for power are uniquely suited to achieving them both simultaneously. Though it must be supplemented by other modes of action, and especially by organizations at larger scales, it ought to be a central part of any democratizing agenda.
Rebel With and Without a ‘Cause’
Authors: Reiss Julian 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Natural language contains a rich vocabulary for expressing causal relationships and processes other than cause and its cognates. I can cause the door to be closed, but I can also shut it, have it closed, or force it closed. While this feature of our language has been recognised in philosophy since at least Elizabeth Anscombe’s Cambridge inaugural lecture, its consequences are still underappreciated in the discussion of causation. This chapter argues, in particular, that there are good reasons for this linguistic richness, and that statements expressing causal relationships or processes but not using the word ‘cause’ cannot generally be reduced to expressions which do. It also argues that only one theory of causation, the inferentialist theory, can handle this feature of our language satisfactorily.