bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation on the Impact of Preform Temperature Distribution and Reduction Ratio on Final Part in Ironing Process
Authors: Yarşılıkal Solmaz Buse , Özaslan Emre , Tursun Hüseyin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Hot metal forming represents a critical and indispensable phase within the production processes of a wide spectrum of manufactured goods. Among the most ancient techniques in metal forming, drawing facilitates the achievement of superior surface textures and precise measurements in lengthy objects with uniform cross-sectional profiles. In deep drawing, ironing is achieved by regulating the gap between the punch and the rings, enabling the material to flow over the punch. [1] When employing a mobile punch in the ironing process, the punch moves in sync with the speed at which the section emerges from the die. This technique finds extensive application in reducing the thickness of walls in drawn cups or shells, as seen in the production of items like beverage cans or artillery shells, for instance. [2]
While deep drawing is widely used for high-strength, low-formability metals in industrial applications, conducting it at ambient temperatures poses challenges due to significant deformation and elevated flow stresses. [3] This often results in creases and imperfections on the product surface. Elevated temperatures enhance formability, making deformations more manageable. The selection of the deformation temperature is crucial, especially for steel parts, where a relatively high temperature is required, potentially explaining the limited research on this material. [3, 4] Based on a finite element method (FEM) simulation, ironing deep-drawn cups reduced residual stresses by 50% to 65%.[5] This process enhances geometric accuracy and reduces residual stresses effectively.[6] Additionally, increasing the level of ironing generates compressive axial stresses on the outer surface, counteracting tensile residual stresses. [7]
Solution of Differential-Algebraic Equations Through Symbolic Index Reduction
Authors: Stocco Davide , Larcher Matteo , Biral Francesco , Bertolazzi Enrico 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Differential-Algebraic Equations (DAEs) are crucial for modeling and simulating dynamical systems such as mechanisms, electrical circuits, and chemical reactions. However, the numerical solution of DAEs can be challenging due to their high index, which indicates the minimum number of differentiations needed to transform the DAE system into an equivalent system of Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) with invariants. Index reduction is a preliminary step in the numerical integration of high-index DAEs that reduces the system’s complicatedness and enables the use of standard ODE solvers. This research introduces an index reduction algorithm based on symbolic computation, which utilizes matrix factorization and differentiation to reduce DAEs’ index. Special attention is given to the mitigation of expression swell. A hierarchical representation technique is employed not only to address this issue but also to improve the reduction processes with the introduction of index-1 variables. The algorithm is implemented in the Indigo library, which combines Maple®’s symbolic manipulation capabilities with Matlab®’s numerical computation capabilities. Validation across various benchmarks demonstrates the algorithm’s effectiveness in reducing high-index systems and showcases its implementation robustness in numerical integration. Overall, the proposed methodology provides a reliable means for addressing generic DAE systems linear in the states’ derivatives.
Assessing the Resilience of 77 GHz Radar Sensors in Autonomous Vehicles: A Multiphysics Simulation Approach for Low-Speed Collisions Leading to Significant Radome Deformations
Authors: Kumar Meenakshisundaram Satish , Chipengo Ushe , Shejwal Amogh 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Autonomous vehicles (AVs) promise to revolutionize transportation with enhanced safety and accessibility, relying on sensors like 77 GHz Radar for object detection. However, crash-induced deformations in bumpers and radomes that house these sensors can compromise their functionality. Traditional physical testing is costly and impractical, prompting the use of Multiphysics simulations. This study employs finite element solvers to predict sensor performance post-collision. Focusing on low-speed collisions, the study assesses the impact on detection range and field of view, crucial for continued safe operation until repairs. By simulating various collision scenarios, the study proposes a simulation workflow as a potent tool to swiftly address challenges in product development, thereby enhancing the reliability of AVs and fostering safer transportation.
Macro and Micro-Scale Computational Modeling of Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Co-Cr Alloy
Authors: Kumar Mohit , Sharma Varun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) revolutionizes additive manufacturing (AM) with precise fabrication for aerospace and biomedical uses, including dental applications of cost-effective cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) alloys known for their excellent properties. Challenges like porosity control, surface quality, and residual stresses hinder LPBF-based AM from advancing beyond prototypes, but optimized process understanding and modeling can improve part quality. This study focuses on the computational modeling of the LPBF technique applied to Co-Cr alloy using simulation software. Simulation software was used to investigate both macroscale and microscale aspects of AM processes. Macroscale level, including powder flow characteristics, laser-powder interactions, and macroscopic thermal gradients during fabrication. Also, microscale analysis was done on intricate aspects such as melt pool dynamics, solidification behavior, and microstructural evolution within the manufactured part. Various process parameters, such as laser power and scan speed, were investigated for their influence on the final part quality. Through systematic parametric studies, the model identifies optimal process parameters that minimize defects such as porosity and lack of fusion while maximizing mechanical properties and dimensional accuracy. This was done by combining macroscale and microscale studies to produce high-quality components without wasting materials, energy, and other resources. The results found that as laser power increased from 100 W to 200 W, the molten pool’s width and depth also increased. Conversely, the molten pool’s size decreased as the scanning speed rose from 1250 mm/s to 1750 mm/s. A laser power of 150 W and scanning speed of 1500 mm/s could produce higher-quality components, with coarser grain structures observed under optimized conditions.
Examination of Turbulent Kinetic Energy Transfer in Realistic Premixed Reacting Flows
Authors: Souders Kelsea O. , Hamlington Peter E. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We investigate the kinetic energy flux across different spatial scales for a premixed flame in a realistic configuration. We use PeleC, a fully-compressible reacting flow code with adaptive mesh refinement, to obtain a fully-resolved flow field for a bluff body stabilized premixed methane-air flame situated within a converging nozzle and subjected to free-stream turbulence. We apply Gaussian filters of multiple sizes to the simulation data to evaluate the net kinetic energy flux between resolved (i.e., large) and sub-grid (i.e., small) scales, with transfer from small to large scales corresponding to energy “backscatter”. Using three filter sizes, we find that there is statistically-significant amounts of backscatter towards the unburned side of the flame, coinciding with regions of high flame-generated enstrophy production due to baroclinic torque. Despite the same general trends recovered through each of the filters, backscatter is more pronounced for the smaller filter widths that are a fraction of the thermal flame thickness, indicating that backscatter becomes less pronounced further from the flame scale in this flow.
Downburst-Induced Maximum Dynamic Response of a Monitored Structure: Reliability of the Thunderstorm Gust Response Factor
Authors: Roncallo Luca , Mengistu Mekdes Tadesse , Tubino Federica , Repetto Maria Pia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this study, the Thunderstorm Gust Response Factor (TGRF) technique is applied for the estimate of the maximum dynamic response of a full-scale monitored slender vertical structure subjected to the impact of a thunderstorm downbursts. The considered structure is a lighting pole equipped with an ultrasonic anemometer as well as strain gauges and accelerometers. The top displacement estimated starting from the recorded accelerations and deformations is compared with the maximum response based on the TGRF approach. The parameters of the slowly-varying mean wind speed are extracted from the time history recorded by the anemometer and a nose-shaped mean wind profile is assumed. Due to the uncertainties on the dynamic and aerodynamic parameters of the structure, as well as the wind turbulence, a range of variation for each of these parameters is defined and the interval of variation of the maximum response is estimated. The comparison between the recorded maximum response and the interval of variation estimated through the TGRF confirms the reliability of the proposed technique.
Enhancing Prosthetic and Orthopedic Support Devices Through Advanced Composite Material Assembly and Design Optimization
Authors: Akrache Radouane , Mohammed Ridha Shakir Wafaa , Charafeddine Jinan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The landscape of medical technology, particularly in prosthetics and orthopedic supports, is on the cusp of a transformation driven by integrating advanced composite materials such as carbon fiber. This paper presents a novel approach to the assembly of these materials, focusing on the development and optimization of smooth inserts tailored to medical applications. To overcome the limitations of conventional assembly methods, this study investigates the geometric optimization of inserts to improve the mechanical performance and durability of composite medical devices. Through a combination of theoretical modeling, simulation, and empirical testing, we demonstrate the potential of our approach to significantly improve device reliability, leak-tightness, and patient comfort. The work highlights the importance of advanced assembly techniques to fully exploit the capabilities of composite materials. It offers a route to medical devices that are not only functionally superior but also better suited to the needs of the user. Our results promise a new generation of prostheses and orthopedic supports that better integrate with human physiology and represent a significant step forward in patient-centered care.
A rhamnose-rich O-antigen of
Paraburkholderia phymatum
MP20 is required for symbiosis with
Mimosa pudica
Authors: Welmillage Shashini U. , James Euan K. , Tak Nisha , Shedge Sonali , Huang Lei , Muszyński Artur , Azadi Parastoo , Gyaneshwar Prasad 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Paraburkholderia phymatum,
a β-proteobacterium, forms a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with many species of the large legume genus
Mimosa
as well as with common bean (
Phaseolus vulgaris
L.).
Paraburkholderia
are considered to have evolved nodulation independently from the well-studied α-proteobacteria symbionts of legumes. However, the detailed mechanisms important for β-rhizobia-legume symbiosis have not yet been determined. In this manuscript, we have sequenced the genome of
P. phymatum
MP20, a strain isolated from
Mimosa pudica
nodules, and utilized transposon mutagenesis to identify a mutant that showed delayed and ineffective nodulation of
M. pudica
. Further analysis revealed that the mutant strain produced an altered lipopolysaccharide lacking rhamnose containing O-antigen. Complementation with the wild-type gene restored the symbiosis. Microscopic analysis of the ineffective nodules showed that the mutant strain did not infect the cortical cells but was restricted to the endodermis. The results suggest that the O-antigen of
P. phymatum
is important for the bacterial infection of cortical cells and for nodule maturation. Further research will unveil the specific involvement of the glycosyltransferase gene in LPS biosynthesis and its impact on successful nodule formation by
P. phymatum
.

IMPORTANCE

The nitrogen-fixing symbiosis between legumes and rhizobia is important for agricultural and environmental sustainability. The mechanisms of the symbiotic interactions are extensively studied using α-rhizobia. In contrast, mechanisms of symbiotic interactions important for β-rhizobia and their Caesalpinioid (mimosoid) legume hosts are not well known. Here, we describe the genome sequence of
P. phymatum
MP20
,
a β-rhizobia isolated from the nodules of
M. pudica,
and isolation and characterization of a transposon mutant defective in symbiosis. We demonstrate that the O-antigen of the LPS is required for nodulation and symbiotic nitrogen fixation. This study broadens our knowledge of symbiotic interactions in β-rhizobia and will lead to a better understanding of the wider rhizobial-legume symbiosis apart from the α-rhizobia.
Evaluation of long-read sequencing for Ostreid herpesvirus type 1 genome characterization from
Magallana gigas
infected tissues
Authors: Dotto-Maurel Aurélie , Pelletier Camille , Degremont Lionel , Heurtebise Serge , Arzul Isabelle , Morga Benjamin , Chevignon Germain 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Since the 1990s, the Pacific oyster
Magallana gigas
has faced significant mortality, which has been associated with the detection of the Ostreid Herpesvirus type 1 (OsHV-1). Due to the complex genomic architecture and the presence of multiple genomic isomers, short-read sequencing using Illumina method struggles to accurately assemble tandem and repeat regions and to identify and characterize large structural variations in the OsHV-1 genome. Third-generation sequencing technologies, as long-read real-time nanopore sequencing from Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT), offer new possibilities for OsHV-1 whole-genome analysis. Identification of the best method for extraction of high molecular weight (HMW) DNA and development of accurate bioinformatic pipelines for its characterization are now required. To this end, we evaluated and compared six HMW methods and one conventional DNA extraction kit for their ability to extract OsHV-1 DNA from
M. gigas
-infected tissues. We then evaluated the ability of ONT sequencing to produce an accurate OsHV-1 genome from both whole-genome and “adaptive sampling” (AS) sequencing approaches. Finally, we evaluated the efficiency of bioinformatics tools for
de novo
assembly and consensus calling to generate accurate OsHV-1 genomes. The HMW DNA extraction kit coupled with ONT sequencing and dedicated bioinformatics tools allowed us to produce accurate OsHV-1 genomes compared to those assembled using Illumina technology. The AS approach allowed up to 60% enrichment for viral data, and the long reads generated by ONT allowed the characterization of OsHV-1 isomers. Together with its portability, this sequencing shows great promise as a diagnostic tool for the characterization of unculturable aquatic viruses directly from host tissues.

IMPORTANCE

Many aquatic viruses threaten commercially valuable species and cause significant economic losses during outbreaks. To improve our understanding of the origin, transmission patterns and spread of these viruses, additional genomic data are essential. However, genomic characterization of unculturable large DNA viruses is a major challenge. In the present study, we have successfully evaluated the ability of ONT sequencing and adaptive sequencing (AS) to sequence and assemble the complete OsHV-1 genome. Our results show that it is now possible to sequence the whole genome of large DNA viruses directly from infected host tissue, without the need for prior
in vitro
propagation or prior laboratory steps for virus enrichment.
Cardiac Lymph Flow Features and New Opportunities for Their Experimental Visualization
Authors: Iablonskii P. P. , Lazareva A. S. , Garapach I. A. , Iablonskaia A. A. , Orlov S. V. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe the features of myocardial lymph flow using a new combined method of visualization of the lymphatic system. The study was performed on pig hearts harvested from a local slaughterhouse. The original dye, consisting of lipid-soluble chlorophyll and lipiodol, was injected stepwise into the lymphatic vessels. After sufficient optical identification of the lymphatic vessels, continuous injection of air into the coronary arteries was performed and CT scans were done. In this way, both optical and radiologic visibility of the cardiac lymphatic system was achieved. It was shown that lymph flow of the left and most part of the right ventricle is carried out through lymphatic collectors of the anterior wall of the heart, including retrogradely with respect to the right coronary artery, which complements the previously known facts about the structure of the lymphatic system of the heart.
Dapagliflozin plus calorie restriction for remission of type 2 diabetes: multicentre, double blind, randomised, placebo controlled trial
Authors: Liu Yuejun , Chen Ying , Ma Jianhua , Lin Jiayang , Liu Changqin , Li Xuejun , Xu Yong , Kuang Hongyu , Shi Lixin , Xue Yaoming , Feng Bo , Zhu Dalong , Wang Guang , Yang Jinkui , Xiao Xinhua , Yu Xuefeng , Zhou Jiaqiang , Bao Yuqian , Su Qing , Lyu Minzhi , Li Xiaomu , Zhang Huijie , Li Xiaoying 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
To assess the effect of dapagliflozin plus calorie restriction on remission of type 2 diabetes.

Design
Multicentre, double blind, randomised, placebo controlled trial.

Setting
16 centres in mainland China from 12 June 2020 to 31 January 2023.

Participants
328 patients with type 2 diabetes aged 20-70 years, with body mass index >25 and diabetes duration of <6 years.

Interventions
Calorie restriction with dapagliflozin 10 mg/day or placebo.

Main outcome measures
Primary outcome: incidence of diabetes remission (defined as glycated haemoglobin <6.5% and fasting plasma glucose <126 mg/dL in the absence of all antidiabetic drugs for at least 2 months); secondary outcomes: changes in body weight, waist circumference, body fat, blood pressure, glucose homoeostasis parameters, and serum lipids over 12 months.

Results
Remission of diabetes was achieved in 44% (73/165) of patients in the dapagliflozin group and 28% (46/163) of patients in the placebo group (risk ratio 1.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17 to 2.09; P=0.002) over 12 months, meeting the predefined primary endpoint. Changes in body weight (difference −1.3 (95% CI −1.9 to −0.7) kg) and homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (difference −0.8, −1.1 to −0.4) were significantly greater in the dapagliflozin group than in the placebo group. Likewise, body fat, systolic blood pressure, and metabolic risk factors were significantly more improved in the dapagliflozin group than in the placebo group. In addition, no significant differences were seen between the two groups in the occurrence of adverse events.

Conclusion
The regimen of dapagliflozin plus regular calorie restriction achieved a much higher rate of remission of diabetes compared with calorie restriction alone in overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04004793
.
Diagnostic accuracy of point-of-care ultrasound of the posterior fatpad in elbow fractures
Authors: Haak Svenja L , van der Veen Thea , Stolmeijer Renate , Boendermaker Annemieke E , van der Kolk Brigitta (Britt) YM , ter Maaten Jan C , Ter Avest Ewoud , Lameijer Heleen 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundPoint-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) can potentially be used in the triage of patients with elbow injuries. However, the diagnostic accuracy of POCUS performed by non-radiologists for the exclusion of elbow fractures is yet unknown. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic potential of POCUS of the posterior fatpad performed by non-radiologists in the workup of adult patients presenting with elbow injuries.MethodsA multicentre, prospective cohort study was conducted between January 2021 and August 2022 in four EDs to determine the diagnostic accuracy of an elevated posterior fatpad on POCUS to demonstrate or exclude an elbow fracture in patients presenting with elbow injuries to the ED. The study population consisted of a convenience sample. In patients ≥16 years of age with an elbow injury for which an X-ray was ordered, POCUS was performed by emergency physicians trained in ultrasound. POCUS (index test) results were compared with X-ray outcomes (reference standard) to determine the diagnostic accuracy of POCUS.ResultsA total of 215 patients were included, 143 (67%) of whom had a fracture confirmed on X-ray. POCUS was positive based on a visualised elevated posterior fatpad in 127 (59%) patients. An elevated posterior fatpad on POCUS had a sensitivity of 91% (95% CIs 85% to 95%), a specificity of 93% (95% CI 85% to 98%), a negative likelihood ratio of 0.10 (95% CI 0.06 to 0.16) and a positive likelihood ratio of 13.09 (95% CI 5.61 to 30.54) for the presence of an elbow fracture. Post hoc review of the images by expert sonographers improved sensitivity to 96% (95% CI 91% to 99%).ConclusionPOCUS of the posterior fatpad is a promising adjunct to physical examination to determine the need for further diagnostic studies in the triage of patients with elbow injuries. Sensitivity after a limited training is high, but not perfect, and can likely further be improved with additional training.
B7-H3 CAR-T cell therapy combined with irradiation is effective in targeting bulk and radiation-resistant chordoma cancer cells
Authors: Wang Kun , Osei-Hwedieh David O , Walhart Tara A , Hung Yin P , Wang Yufeng , Cattaneo Giulia , Ma Tao , Dotti Gianpietro , Wang Xinhui , Ferrone Soldano , Schwab Joseph H 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundChordoma is a slow-growing, primary malignant bone tumor that arises from notochordal tissue in the midline of the axial skeleton. Surgical excision with negative margins is the mainstay of treatment, but high local recurrence rates are reported even with negative margins. High-dose radiation therapy (RT), such as with proton or carbon ions, has been used as an alternative to surgery, but late local failure remains a problem. B7-H3 is an immune checkpoint, transmembrane protein that is dysregulated in many cancers, including chordoma. This study explores the efficacy of B7-H3 chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) therapy in vitro and in vivo.MethodsChordoma cancer stem cells (CCSCs) were identified using flow cytometry, sphere formation, and western blot analysis. The expression of B7-H3 in paraffin-embedded chordoma tissue was determined by immunohistochemical staining, and the expression of B7-H3 in chordoma cells was measured by flow cytometry. Retroviral particles containing either B7-H3 or CD19 CAR-expressing virus were transduced into T cells derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from healthy human donor blood to prepare CAR-T cells. Animal bioluminescent imaging was used to evaluate the killing effect of CAR-T cells on chordoma cells in vivo. An irradiator was used for all irradiation (IR) experiments.ResultsThe combination of B7-H3 CAR-T cell therapy and IR has a greater killing effect on killing radiation-resistant CCSCs and bulk chordoma cells compared with CAR-T cell or IR monotherapy. Additionally, increased expression of B7-H3 antigens on CCSCs and bulk tumor cells is associated with enhanced CAR-T cell killing in vitro and in vivo xenograft mouse models. Upregulation of B7-H3 expression by IR increases CCSCs sensitivity to B7-H3 CAR-T cell-mediated killing.ConclusionsOur preliminary data show that IR and B7-H3 CAR-T cell therapy is synergistically more effective than either IR or CAR-T cell monotherapy in killing chordoma cells in vitro and in a xenograft mouse model. These results provide preclinical evidence for further developing this combinatorial RT and B7-H3 CAR-T cell therapy model in chordoma