bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent centennial drought on the Tibetan Plateau is outstanding within the past 3500 years
Authors: Liu Yu , Song Huiming , An Zhisheng , Li Qiang , Leavitt Steven W. , Büntgen Ulf , Cai Qiufang , Liu Ruoshi , Fang Congxi , Sun Changfeng , Treydte Kerstin , Ren Meng , Mo Lidong , Song Yi , Cai Wenju , Zhang Quan , Zhou Weijian , Bräuning Achim , Grießinger Jussi , Chen Deliang , Linderholm Hans W. , Sinha Ashish , Cheng Hai , Wang Lu , Lei Ying , Sun Junyan , Gong Wei , Li Xuxiang , Cui Linlin , Ning Liang , Wan Lingfeng , Crowther Thomas W. , Zohner Constantin M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Given growing concerns about global climate change, it is critical to understand both historical and current shifts in the hydroclimate, particularly in regions critically entwined with global circulation. The Tibetan Plateau, the Earth’s largest and highest plateau, is a nexus for global atmospheric processes, significantly influencing East Asian hydroclimate dynamics through the synergy of the Asian Monsoon and the Westerlies. Yet, understanding historical and recent hydroclimate fluctuations and their wide-ranging ecological and societal consequences remains challenging due to short instrumental observations and partly ambiguous proxy reconstructions. Here, we present a precisely-dated 3476-year precipitation reconstruction derived from tree-ring δ18O data on the Tibetan Plateau, representing one of the few multi-millennia-long annually-resolved terrestrial δ18O records to date. Our findings reveal that the 20th century drought extremes are severe within the past three millennia, and likely linked to the weakening of both the Asian Monsoon and Westerlies due to anthropogenic aerosol emissions. Additionally, our analyses identified three distinct stages (110 BC–AD 280, AD 330–770 and AD 950–1300) characterized by shifts toward arid hydroclimate conditions, corresponding to significant social unrest and dynasty collapses, which underscores the potential societal impacts of severe hydroclimatic shifts.
Spatial transcriptomics identifies molecular niche dysregulation associated with distal lung remodeling in pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Vannan Annika , Lyu Ruqian , Williams Arianna L. , Negretti Nicholas M. , Mee Evan D. , Hirsh Joseph , Hirsh Samuel , Hadad Niran , Nichols David S. , Calvi Carla L. , Taylor Chase J. , Polosukhin Vasiliy. V. , Serezani Ana P. M. , McCall A. Scott , Gokey Jason J. , Shim Heejung , Ware Lorraine B. , Bacchetta Matthew J. , Shaver Ciara M. , Blackwell Timothy S. , Walia Rajat , Sucre Jennifer M. S. , Kropski Jonathan A. , McCarthy Davis J. , Banovich Nicholas E. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Large-scale changes in the structure and cellular makeup of the distal lung are a hallmark of pulmonary fibrosis (PF), but the spatial contexts that contribute to disease pathogenesis have remained uncertain. Using image-based spatial transcriptomics, we analyzed the gene expression of 1.6 million cells from 35 unique lungs. Through complementary cell-based and innovative cell-agnostic analyses, we characterized the localization of PF-emergent cell types, established the cellular and molecular basis of classical PF histopathologic features and identified a diversity of distinct molecularly defined spatial niches in control and PF lungs. Using machine learning and trajectory analysis to segment and rank airspaces on a gradient of remodeling severity, we identified compositional and molecular changes associated with progressive distal lung pathology, beginning with alveolar epithelial dysregulation and culminating with changes in macrophage polarization. Together, these results provide a unique, spatially resolved view of PF and establish methods that could be applied to other spatial transcriptomic studies.
Maximizing temperature sensitivity in a one-dimensional photonic crystal thermal sensor
Authors: Maher Manal A. , Aly Arafa H. , Esmail Mohamed S. , El-Ghany S. E.-S. Abd 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper focuses on a defective one-dimensional photonic crystal thermal sensor with fabricated layers of gallium nitride, glycerin, and air. The transmission features of this sensor have been presented based on the transfer matrix approach using MATLAB software. Interest in the sensor’s sensitivity to temperature variation is for the sake of the photonic bandgap behavior of the 1D photonic crystal and the thermo-optic effect of glycerin must be preserved over a long time in protecting archaeological artifacts. In this direction, theoretical modeling together with numerical simulation studies are conducted to optimize the refractive index of GaN to enhance sensitivity. This work is going to evaluate the performance of the sensor in terms of the shift in the transmission spectrum of the sensor with the imposition of changes in temperature. The effect of the thickness of the defect layer together with the incident angle on the performance of the sensor will be discussed further. Sensor sensitivities are about 10 nm/°C, with a quality factor reaching a high value of 35,443 at an incident angle of 30°, while sensitivities at an incident angle of 65° have 20 nm/°C and a quality factor of 14,723.
General public takes up counterintuitive expert advice on effective climate action
Authors: Jarke-Neuert Johannes , Perino Grischa , Flörchinger Daniela , Frondel Manuel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Individual voluntary climate action could contribute to closing the gap between global emission targets and the instruments in place. However, complex regulatory frameworks make it difficult for individuals to understand which actions align with their goals. Expert advice might provide guidance, but it is not trivial how detailed the advice should be. In a large consequential choice experiment with five informational load conditions, this paper uses the voluntary cancellation of European Union Allowances as an application to narrow down a minimum amount of information required to induce effective actions. We find a clear pattern of advice being processed and followed, even if it includes a demanding level of detail and counters prior convictions. Moreover, a mere assertion is highly effective already. These results are good news for efforts to increase the effectiveness of voluntary climate action.
Corrosion and degradation behavior of MCSTE-Processed AZ31 magnesium alloy
Authors: Abdelfattah Khaled B. , Abbas Marwa A. , El-Garaihy Waleed H. , Mohamed Adel M. A. , Salem Hanadi G. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the impact of multi-channel spiral twist extrusion (MCSTE) on the corrosion and degradation properties of biodegradable AZ31 (Mg-3Al-1Zn, wt.%) magnesium alloy. Square AZ31 billets were processed using route C-MCSTE (with a 180° rotation between passes) at 250°C and with a ram speed of 10 mm/min for up to 8 passes. The extrusion process was conducted via dies with twist angles of 30° and 40°. The microstructural changes and grain size distribution in the alloy were determined with a Scanning Electron Microscopy equipped with Electron Backscatter Diffraction. Electrochemical tests were conducted in a simulated body fluid to model the environment in which medical implants operate. The mechanical properties of the alloy were tested before and after processing using compression tests. The billets processed with a 30° twist angle demonstrated superior mechanical and corrosion resistance compared to those processed with a 40° die. A 66% reduction in grain size was found in billets processed for 4 passes using the 30°-die as compared to the as-annealed condition. Billets processed for 4 and 8 passes showed ultimate compressive strength improvements of 23% and 31%, respectively compared to the as-annealed condition. The 8-pass processed sample using the 30° twist ring die showed 76% improvement in the corrosion rate compared to the as-annealed state. Furthermore, billets processed for 4 passes showed corrosion resistance and ultimate compressive strength improvements of 108% and 23%; respectively compared to the as-annealed condition. These findings imply that the developed MCSTE process can be adopted for industrial use, especially in the manufacturing of biodegradable magnesium alloys for medical implants.
Nitrogen enrichment and vascular plant richness loss reduce bryophyte richness
Authors: Lin Maeve , Bergamini Ariel , Pichon Noémie A. , Allan Eric , Boch Steffen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Grasslands’ high diversity is threatened by land-use changes, such as nitrogen fertilization, leading to productive but low-richness, fast-growing plant communities. Bryophytes are a key component of grassland diversity and react strongly to land use. However, it is unclear whether land-use effects are direct or mediated by changes in vascular plants. Increases in vascular plant cover are likely to decrease bryophyte abundance through light competition. Whether changes in vascular plant composition and richness also play a role remains unclear. We sampled bryophytes in a factorial grassland experiment manipulating nitrogen fertilization, fungicide, species richness, and functional composition of vascular plants crossed with moderate disturbances by weeding. Disturbance increased bryophyte richness and modulated treatment effects. In contrast to previous studies reporting indirect negative fertilization effects via increasing vascular plant productivity and reduced light levels, nitrogen fertilization directly reduced bryophyte cover and species richness, possibly because of toxic effects. Low vascular plant richness and dominance of fast-growing species reduced bryophyte richness. This might be because of decreased structural and resource niche heterogeneity in species-poor communities. Our results highlight novel mechanisms by which land-use intensification can affect bryophytes and suggest that a loss of vascular plant richness might have cascading effects on other taxonomic groups.
Exploring Echinacea angustifolia for anti-viral compounds against Zika virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase: a computational study
Authors: El-Daly Mai M. , Bajrai Leena H. , Alandijany Thamir A. , Alsaady Isra M. , Gattan Hattan S. , Alhamdan Meshari M. , Dwivedi Vivek Dhar , Azhar Esam I. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Zika virus (ZIKV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, has caused multiple widespread outbreaks, posing significant challenges to global health. This study explores the potential of compounds from Echinacea angustifolia (E. angustifolia) to inhibit the activity of ZIKV’s RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP), a key enzyme in the viral replication process and an ideal candidate for antiviral therapy. Utilizing computational techniques, we conducted a thorough virtual examination using the MTi-OpenScreen tool to identify potential RDRP inhibitors among E. angustifolia compounds. The top four compounds were further examined through re-docking procedures. To assess the robustness and effectiveness of these interactions, we performed molecular dynamics simulations along with calculations of the binding free energy and PCA analysis. This investigation highlighted four naturally occurring compounds, viz., Echinacoside, Rutin, Echinacin, and Cynaroside, demonstrating a notable affinity for binding to the allosteric site of ZIKV RDRP. These compounds showed strong hydrogen bond formation with crucial residues of the RDRP and presented favorable binding free energies. Our research sheds light on the viability of these E. angustifolia compounds as ZIKV RDRP inhibitors, laying a foundation for further experimental research in developing novel antiviral treatments against ZIKV infections.
Hydroacoustic sensing of seismic events during the Tajogaite volcanic eruption (La Palma, Spain)
Authors: Alcázar-Treviño Jesús , Lara Guillermo , Suarez Eduardo D. , Bou Manuel , Domínguez Itahiza , Buchan Susannah , Domínguez Francisco , Fraile-Nuez Eugenio 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Volcanic processes generate a variety of seismic events that can be detected by both on-land and underwater sensors. During the 2021 subaerial eruption of the Tajogaite volcano on La Palma Island (Canary Islands, NW Africa), an underwater acoustic sensor was strategically deployed to monitor seismic activity. This study presents marine passive acoustic monitoring data from a moored hydrophone deployed offshore at a depth of 77 m and 7 km from the volcanic vent, both during and after the eruption. We compare hydrophone recordings with island’s seismic network and earthquake database from the Instituto Geográfico Nacional (IGN). By calculating acoustic metrics and analyzing low-frequency bands (< 100 Hz), we identified 712 impulsive acoustic signals consistent with seismic events recorded in the seismic catalogue. These acoustic signals were double-pulsed, low-frequency (≤ 50 Hz with peak frequencies ≤ 15 Hz) and exhibited sound levels that well correlated with earthquake magnitudes. Our findings demonstrate that shallow-water hydro-acoustics can detect and estimate the magnitude of volcano-tectonic earthquakes in the studied scenario. These results encourage for the integration of hydro-acoustic monitoring in conjunction with on-land seismic stations to enhance the overall monitoring of the investigated volcanic area seismic activity.
An algorithm for cardiac disease detection based on the magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Li Heng , Yuan Qingni , Wang Yi , Qu Pengju , Jiang Chunhui , Kuang Hu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In experiments to detect heart disease on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) medical images, existing object detection models face several challenges including low accuracy and unreliable detection results. To tackle these issues, this article proposes an innovative method for Object Detection in cardiac MRI medical images called SA-YOLO. This method is based on the YOLOv8 model but introduces several key modifications. Firstly, the standard Spatial Pyramid Pooling Fast module is replaced with a Multi-Channel Spatial Pyramid Pooling module. Secondly, an attention mechanism combining the ideas of Squeeze-Excitation and Coordinate Attention designed, and integrated into the Neck part of the baseline model. Subsequently, the bounding box regression loss function CIoU loss of the model was replaced with the iSD-IoU loss that combines shape loss and distance loss. Finally, comparative experiments were conducted on the Automated Cardiac Diagnosis Challenge cardiac MRI image dataset where it was found that SA-YOLOv8 achieved better results in detecting cardiac pathologies, and improvement of 7.4% in mAP0.5 value and 5.1% in mAP0.5-0.95 value compared to the baseline model.
18F-FDG PET/CT assessment of metabolic tumor burden predicts survival in patients with metastatic posterior uveal melanoma
Authors: Hindso Tine Gadegaard , Martinussen Torben , Bjerrum Camilla Wium , Keller Sune Høgild , Loft Annika , Sjøl Mette Bagger , Nissen Kristoffer , Faber Carsten , Donia Marco , Svane Inge Marie , Ellebaek Eva , Heegaard Steffen , Kiilgaard Jens Folke , Madsen Karine 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The prognostic value of metabolic tumor burden parameters obtained from 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging was evaluated in this retrospective national multicenter study of patients with metastatic posterior uveal melanoma (PUM) and compared to the largest diameter of the largest metastatic lesion (LDLM) and the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system. The Maximal Standard Uptake Value (SUVmax), Metabolic Tumor Volume (MTV), and Total Lesion Glycolysis (TLG) were obtained in 106 patients. Higher values of SUVmax (p = 0.007, log-rank), MTV (p < 0.001, log-rank), and TLG (p < 0.001, long-rank) were associated with shorter survival. The three parameters were also independent predictors in the multivariate Cox model, while the AJCC staging turned insignificant. Time-dependent positive predictive value (PPV) analysis and Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves showed that MTV (Area Under the Curve (AUC) = 0.78), TLG (AUC = 0.78), and LDLM (AUC = 0.76) were good predictors of 1-year survival. For the subset of 97 patients with liver metastases, the corresponding regional measurements in the liver tended to be even better predictors. In conclusion, MTV and TLG were found to be better predictors of survival in metastatic PUM than the AJCC staging system, but when LDLM was used as a continuous variable it showed an equally good prediction of 1-year survival.
Chemogenomics for steroid hormone receptors (NR3)
Authors: Schallmayer Espen , Isigkeit Laura , Elson Lewis , Müller Susanne , Knapp Stefan , Marschner Julian A. , Merk Daniel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The nine human NR3 nuclear receptors translate steroid hormone signals in transcriptomic responses and operate multiple highly important processes ranging from development over reproductive tissue function to inflammatory and metabolic homeostasis. Although several NR3 ligands such as glucocorticoids are invaluable drugs, this family is only partially explored, for example, in autoimmune diseases and neurodegeneration, but may hold therapeutic potential in new areas. Here we report a chemogenomics (CG) library to reveal elusive effects of NR3 receptor modulation in phenotypic settings. 34 highly annotated and chemically diverse ligands covering all NR3 receptors were selected considering complementary modes of action and activity, selectivity and lack of toxicity. Endoplasmic reticulum stress resolving effects of N3 CG subsets in proof-of-concept application validate suitability of the set to connect phenotypic outcomes with targets and to explore NR3 receptors from a translational perspective.
Interventional real-time molecular MRI for targeting early myocardial injury in a pig model
Authors: Heidt Timo , Reiss Simon , Thielmann Julien , Weber Christian , Maier Alexander , Lottner Thomas , Cristina-Schmitz Heidi R. , Bühler Timon , Chiang Diana , Jülicher Claus , Wadle Carolin , Hilgendorf Ingo , Wolf Dennis , Tumlinson Gavin , Hortells Luis , Westermann Dirk , Bock Michael , von zur Mühlen Constantin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Myocardial ischemia induces tissue injury with subsequent inflammation and recruitment of immune cells. Besides myocardial tissue characterization, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows for functional assessment using molecular imaging contrast agents. Here, we assessed ischemic cardiac lesions non-invasively directly after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in a porcine model by advanced MRI techniques and molecular imaging, targeting the cell adhesion molecule P-selectin functionalized with microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO). We used a closed-chest model of I/R by temporary coronary balloon-occlusion, real time 3T MRI-guided coronary injection of MPIO-based contrast agents, as well as injury, edema and iron-sensitive MRI. Within the first hours after I/R, we found T1 mapping to be most sensitive for tissue injury, with no changes in edema-sensitive MRI. Intriguingly, P-selectin MPIO contrast agent selectively enhanced the ischemic area in iron-sensitive MRI. In conclusion, this approach allows for sensitive detection of early myocardial inflammation beyond traditional edema-sensitive imaging.
Ultrafast emergence of ferromagnetism in antiferromagnetic FeRh in high magnetic fields
Authors: Dolgikh I. A. , Blank T. G. H. , Buzdakov A. G. , Li G. , Prabhakara K. H. , Patel S. K. K. , Medapalli R. , Fullerton E. E. , Koplak O. V. , Mentink J. H. , Zvezdin K. A. , Zvezdin A. K. , Christianen P. C. M. , Kimel A. V. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Ultrafast heating of FeRh by a femtosecond laser pulse launches a magneto-structural phase transition from an antiferromagnetic to a ferromagnetic state. Aiming to reveal the ultrafast kinetics of this transition, we studied magnetization dynamics with the help of the magneto-optical Kerr effect in a broad range of temperatures (from 4 K to 400 K) and magnetic fields (up to 25 T). Three different types of ultrafast magnetization dynamics were observed and, using a numerically calculated H-T phase diagram, the differences were explained by different initial states of FeRh corresponding to a (i) collinear antiferromagnetic, (ii) canted antiferromagnetic and (iii) ferromagnetic alignment of spins. We argue that ultrafast heating of FeRh in the canted antiferromagnetic phase launches practically the fastest possible emergence of ferromagnetism in this material. The magnetization emerges on a time scale of 2 ps, which corresponds to the earlier reported time scale of the structural changes during the phase transition.
Melamine holding PbI2 with three “arms”: an effective chelation strategy to control the lead iodide to perovskite conversion for inverted perovskite solar cells
Authors: Luo Shizi , Cao Shuguang , Zheng Tongjun , Bi Zhuoneng , Zheng Yupeng , Li Yiqun , Taye Biniyam Zemene , Ozerova Victoria V. , Frolova Lyubov A. , Emelianov Nikita A. , Tarasov Eugeniy D. , Liang Zheng , Gutsev Lavrenty G. , Aldoshin Sergey M. , Ramachandran Bala R. , Troshin Pavel A. , Xu Xueqing 
Published: February 2025

Herein, we have proposed a novel tridentate chelation strategy to manage the excessive amount of unreacted PbI2 in perovskite films, achieving a inverted PSC device with a PCE of 25.66% by sequential deposition method.
Feasibility and Reliability of the Adapted Kagan Scales for Rating Conversations for People With Acquired Brain Injury: A Multiphase Iterative Mixed-Methods Design
Authors: Behn Nicholas , Power Emma , Prodger Penny , Togher Leanne , Cruice Madeline , Marshall Jane , Rietdijk Rachael 
Published: February 2025

Purpose:
Rating the quality of conversations can assess communication skills in both people with acquired brain injury and their communication partners. This study explored the clinical feasibility and reliability of two conversation rating scales: the Adapted Measure of Participation in Conversation (MPC) and the Adapted Measure of Support in Conversation (MSC).

Method:

Raters were final-year speech and language therapy students (
n
= 14) and qualified clinicians (
n
= 2). Raters attended training on the Adapted MPC and MSC, watched 5 or 10 min of videotaped conversations (
n
= 23), and then scored them on the MPC and MSC scales. Data were collected over four phases, which varied according to the length of the training, sample length, number of samples rated, and level of clinical expertise. Feasibility data (time taken to score conversations and ease of use) were collected. Interrater reliability was assessed using intraclass correlations (ICCs: absolute agreement, single measures).

Results:
Raters took 30–45 min to score a 10-min sample, and they took 20–30 min to score a 5-min sample. Ease of use was rated highly across all phases. Overall reliability for rating 5 min of conversation (ICC = .52–.73) was better than for 10 min of conversation (ICC = .33–.68). Reliability for the MPC was moderate for both students (ICC = .69) and clinicians (ICC = .55), and for the MSC, it was moderate for both students (ICC = .73) and clinicians (ICC = .58). Reliability was better for students compared with clinicians.

Conclusions:
Rating a 5-min conversation in under 30 min was feasible, with more reliable results for 5-min compared with 10-min conversations. Implications for assessing conversation in the future are discussed.