bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of power stretchers on occupational injury rates in an urban emergency medical services system
Authors: Pryce Rob , Weldon Erin , McDonald Neil , Sneath Ryan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundTo examine occupational injury rates in a dual‐response emergency medical services (EMS) system before and after implementation of a power‐lift stretcher system.MethodsThe seasonally‐adjusted occupational injury rate was estimated relative to medical call volume (per 1000 calls) and workers (per 100 FTEs) from 2009 to 2019, and stratified by severity (lost‐time, healthcare only), role (EMS, FIRE) and type (patient‐handling). Power‐lift stretchers were adopted between 2013 and 2015. Preinjury versus postinjury rates were compared using binomial tests. Interrupted time series (ITS) analysis was used to estimate the trend and change in injuries related to patient‐handling, with occupational illnesses serving as control.ResultsBinomial tests revealed varied results, with reductions in the injury rate per 1000 calls (−14.0%) and increases in the rate per 100 FTEs (+14.1%); rates also differed by EMS role and injury severity. ITS analysis demonstrated substantial reductions in patient‐handling injuries following implementation of power‐lift stretchers, both in the injury rate per 1000 calls (−50.4%) and per 100 FTEs (−46.6%), specifically among individuals deployed on the ambulance. Injury rates were slightly elevated during the winter months (+0.8 per 100 FTEs) and lower during spring (−0.5 per 100 FTEs).ConclusionsThese results support the implementation of power‐lift stretchers for injury prevention in EMS systems and demonstrate advantages of ITS analysis when data span long preintervention and postintervention periods.
Creating 3D Nanoparticle Structural Space via Data Augmentation to Bidirectionally Predict Nanoparticle Mixture's Purity, Size, and Shape from Extinction Spectra
Authors: Tan Emily Xi , Tang Jingxiang , Leong Yong Xiang , Phang In Yee , Lee Yih Hong , Pun Chi Seng , Ling Xing Yi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNanoparticle (NP) characterization is essential because diverse shapes, sizes, and morphologies inevitably occur in as‐synthesized NP mixtures, profoundly impacting their properties and applications. Currently, the only technique to concurrently determine these structural parameters is electron microscopy, but it is time‐intensive and tedious. Here, we create a three‐dimensional (3D) NP structural space to concurrently determine the purity, size, and shape of 1000 sets of as‐synthesized Ag nanocubes mixtures containing interfering nanospheres and nanowires from their extinction spectra, attaining low predictive errors at 2.7–7.9 %. We first use plasmonically‐driven feature enrichment to extract localized surface plasmon resonance attributes from spectra and establish a lasso regressor (LR) model to predict purity, size, and shape. Leveraging the learned LR, we artificially generate 425,592 augmented extinction spectra to overcome data scarcity and create a comprehensive NP structural space to bidirectionally predict extinction spectra from structural parameters with <4 % error. Our interpretable NP structural space further elucidates the two higher‐order combined electric dipole, quadrupole, and magnetic dipole as the critical structural parameter predictors. By incorporating other NP shapes and mixtures′ extinction spectra, we anticipate our approach, especially the data augmentation, can create a fully generalizable NP structural space to drive on‐demand, autonomous synthesis‐characterization platforms.
Making Plasticized Polymer Electrolytes Stable Against Sodium Metal for High‐Energy Solid‐State Sodium Batteries
Authors: Zou Peichao , Wang Chunyang , He Yubin , Xin Huolin L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSolid polymer electrolytes based on plastic crystals are promising for solid‐state sodium metal (Na0) batteries, yet their practicality has been hindered by the notorious Na0‐electrolyte interface instability issue, the underlying cause of which remains poorly understood. Here, by leveraging a model plasticized polymer electrolyte based on conventional succinonitrile plastic crystals, we uncover its failure origin in Na0 batteries is associated with the formation of a thick and non‐uniform solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and whiskery Na0 nucleation/growth. Furthermore, we design a new additive‐embedded plasticized polymer electrolyte to manipulate the Na0 deposition and SEI formulation. For the first time, we demonstrate that introducing fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) additive into the succinonitrile‐plasticized polymer electrolyte can effectively protect Na0 against interfacial corrosion by facilitating the growth of dome‐like Na0 with thin, amorphous, and fluorine‐rich SEIs, thus enabling significantly improved performances of Na//Na symmetric cells (1,800 h at 0.5 mA cm−2) and Na//Na3V2(PO4)3 full cells (93.0 % capacity retention after 1,200 cycles at 1 C rate in coin cells and 93.1 % capacity retention after 250 cycles at C/3 in pouch cells at room temperature). Our work provides valuable insights into the interfacial failure of plasticized polymer electrolytes and offers a promising solution to resolving the interfacial instability issue.
Study on the equilibrium constants and initial formation temperature of NH4HSO4 and (NH4)2SO4 in coal‐fired flue gas
Authors: Yu Xinfeng , Chen Zhuo , Du Wentao , Shao Rongyu , Zhou Hao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWith the development and utilization of high‐sulfur coal, generating ammonium bisulfate (ABS) and ammonium sulfate (AS) during the coal combustion process has garnered increasing attention. This study examined the formation of ABS and AS under varying temperatures and different initial reactant ratios of SO3 and NH3 by establishing a self‐constructed experimental setup. Based on the experimental data, the equilibrium constant change diagram for the ternary reactions leading to ABS and AS formation was derived. The initial temperatures for forming gaseous ABS and AS were estimated to be approximately 416.33°C and 393.56°C, respectively. Consequently, this study fills the data gap of the equilibrium constant of gaseous ABS formed at high temperatures and furnishes the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system with quantifiable and notably expedient means of technical analysis.
Estimating the proportion of true null hypotheses and adaptive false discovery rate control in discrete paradigm
Authors: Biswas Aniket , Chattopadhyay Gaurangadeb 
Published: February 2024

AbstractStorey's estimator for the proportion of true null hypotheses, originally proposed under the continuous framework, has been modified in this work under the discrete framework. The modification results in improved estimation of the parameter of interest. The proposed estimator is used to formulate an adaptive version of the Benjamini–Hochberg procedure. Control over the false discovery rate by the proposed adaptive procedure has been proved analytically. The proposed estimate is also used to formulate an adaptive version of the Benjamini–Hochberg–Heyse procedure. Simulation experiments establish the conservative nature of this new adaptive procedure. Substantial amount of gain in power is observed for the new adaptive procedures over the standard procedures. For demonstration of the proposed method, two important real life gene expression data sets, one related to the study of HIV and the other related to methylation study, are used.
Surface modification of perforated separator for more robust and thinner all‐solid‐state electrolyte membrane
Authors: Kim Dohwan , Choi Seungyeop , Bak Cheol , Roh Youngjoon , Dzakpasu Cyril Bubu , Lee Yong Min 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSolid electrolytes (SEs) play an essential role in the development of all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) due to their exceptional ionic conductivity. However, conventional pelletized SEs with hundreds of micrometers result in highly reduced energy density and suffer from mechanical brittleness, which delay the commercialization of ASSBs. In this study, we present an innovative approach to fabricate SE membranes with perforated Al2O3 nanolayer‐coated polyethylene (PE) separator as a mechanical supporter. Al2O3‐coated separators exhibit better adhesion with LPSCl particles and better thermal stability. As a result, the SE membrane exhibits thickness of 35 μm while maintaining a superior mechanical tensile strength. Furthermore, when the SE membrane is applied to Li||LiNi0.7Co0.15Mn0.15O2 full‐cells, stable cycling performance over 250 cycles, which is comparable to thick LPSCl pellet cell, can be achieved even with higher conductance (>150 mS). Our results highlight the potential of thin and durable SE membranes in contributing to the commercialization of ASSBs.
The working relationship between people in marginalised situations and street outreach workers
Authors: Rauwerdink‐Nijland Evelien , van den Dries Linda , Metz Judith , Verhoeff Arnoud , Wolf Judith 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA good working relationship between clients and professionals increases the chances of better intervention outcomes for clients. A longitudinal cohort study was carried out amongst clients who were in touch with professionals from a Dutch social street work (SSW) organisation. We used a questionnaire to examine client perspectives (n = 332) on the relational and goal‐oriented part of the working relationship after a minimum of 8 months of contact with SSW. We furthermore examined to what extent both parts of the working relationship were influenced by client characteristics and SSW metrics. Clients were asked to reflect on the relational part and the goal‐oriented part of the working relationship. Clients who only met SSW professionals in public areas perceived a weaker working relationship in both aspects. A stronger relational and goal‐oriented working relationship was perceived when receiving more practical support. Clients who had been in contact with an SSW professional for a long period of time perceived a weaker goal‐oriented working relationship. This study shows that a working relationship, with both relational and goal‐oriented aspects, can be established between workers and marginalised people in their daily environment. Frequent contact and providing practical support can improve both parts of the working relationship. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Solid‐State Synthesis of Liquorice‐Stabilized Copper‐Based Nanoparticles: Structural and Catalytic Studies
Authors: Maize Mai S. , Alnassar H. , Zeid A. M. Abou , Eisa W. H. , Ali Z. I. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA large‐scale quantity of copper oxalate nanoparticles were successfully obtained via a facile and green solid‐state chemical reaction. Copper oxalate nanoparticles were obtained by ball‐milling between copper chloride, Liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), and ascorbic acid at ambient conditions. The size and morphology of copper oxalate nanoparticles powder were studied by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The prepared nanoparticles were semi‐spherical in shape and ranged from 5 to 15 nm in size. UV/Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements were carried out to characterize the prepared samples. Copper oxalate nanoparticles were evaluated as a catalyst in the catalytic degradation of 4‐nitrophenol, bromophenol blue, reactive yellow, and a mixture of the three pollutants. The present study combined solid‐state reaction and green requirements for the mass production of nanomaterials. The proposed reaction is performed in simple steps, inexpensive, low energy consuming, solvent‐free, and minimizes the emission of secondary wastes.
Expanding Rutinosidase Versatility: Acylated Quercetin Glucopyranosides as Substrates
Authors: Brodsky Katerina , Petrásková Lucie , Kutý Michal , Bojarová Pavla , Pelantová Helena , Křen Vladimír 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRutinosidase is a diglycosidase that catalyzes the cleavage of rutinose (α‐l‐Rhap‐(1→6)‐β‐d‐Glcp) from rutin or other rutinosides. It is also able to cleave β‐glucopyranosides, e. g., isoquercitrin. This enzyme has a strong transglycosylation activity and a remarkable substrate specificity. We have shown that rutinosidase from Aspergillus niger (AnRut) is able to cleave β‐glucopyranosides acylated at C‐6 of glucose (6′‐O‐acylisoquercitrin) with acetyl, benzoyl, phenylacetyl, phenylpropanoyl, cinnamoyl, vanillyl, galloyl, 4‐hydroxybenzoyl and 3‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl)propanoyl. The release of the respective 6‐acylglucopyranoses was confirmed by HPLC/MS and NMR methods. Selected compounds, i. e., 6′‐O‐acetyl, 6′‐O‐benzoyl, and 6′‐O‐cinnamyl derivatives of isoquercitrin, were also tested as transglycosylation substrates. Only 6′‐acetylisoquercitrin and 6′‐O‐benzoylisoquercitrin underwent transglycosylations by AnRut to produce n‐butyl 6‐acetyl‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside and n‐butyl 6‐benzoyl‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside. Isoquercitrin 6′‐O‐cinnamate yielded on hydrolytic product. Molecular modeling based on the crystal structure of AnRut showed that large aromatic moieties at C‐6′ of isoquercitrin block the side tunnel of AnRut leading into its active site and thus hinder the entry of the acceptor substrate for transglycosylation. This study demonstrates the great substrate flexibility of rutinosidase at the glycone site.
Electrochemical Synthesis of Sulfonamide Derivatives: Electrosynthesis Conditions and Reaction Pathways
Authors: Talebi Mohammad Reza , Nematollahi Davood 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn 2014, the World Health Organization called drug resistance to antibiotics a “major global threat”. Therefore, the ever‐increasing human need for new antibiotics with greater effectiveness and fewer side effects is a necessity. Meanwhile, sulfonamides are among the most widely used antibiotics in the world. In this review, attention has been paid to the key points raised in various papers in the field of electrosynthesis of these compounds, considering their positive and negative aspects, including interaction as much as possible with the principles of green chemistry and the absence of environmental risks, low cost and the versatility and scalability of the method used along with acceptable efficiency. In the following, we will discuss research focused on the synthesis of sulfonamide derivatives based on the oxidation or reduction of various compounds which take place on the working electrode surface.
Liquid metal as an efficient protective layer for lithium metal anodes in all‐solid‐state batteries
Authors: Zhou Shiqiang , Li Mengrui , Wang Peike , Cheng Lukuan , Chen Lina , Huang Yan , Cao Boxuan , Yu Suzhu , Liu Qingju , Wei Jun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLithium metal batteries with inorganic solid‐state electrolytes have emerged as strong and attractive candidates for electrochemical energy storage devices because of their high‐energy content and safety. Nonetheless, inherent challenges of deleterious lithium dendrite growth and poor interfacial stability hinder their commercial application. Herein, we report a liquid metal‐coated lithium metal (LM@Li) anode strategy to improve the contact between lithium metal and a Li6PS5Cl inorganic electrolyte. The LM@Li symmetric cell shows over 1000 h of stable lithium plating/stripping cycles at 2 mA cm−2 and a significantly higher critical current density of 9.8 mA cm−2 at 25°C. In addition, a full battery assembled with a high‐capacity composite LiNbO3@LiNi0.7Co0.2Mn0.1O2 (LNO@NCM721) cathode shows stable cycling performance. Experimental and computational results have demonstrated that dendrite growth tolerance and physical contact in solid‐state batteries can be reinforced by using LM interlayers for interfacial modification.
Small but mighty: Empowering sodium/potassium‐ion battery performance with S‐doped SnO2 quantum dots embedded in N, S codoped carbon fiber network
Authors: He Shengnan , Wu Hui , Li Shuang , Liu Ke , Yang Yaxiong , Pan Hongge , Yu Xuebin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSnO2 has been extensively investigated as an anode material for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) and potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) due to its high Na/K storage capacity, high abundance, and low toxicity. However, the sluggish reaction kinetics, low electronic conductivity, and large volume changes during charge and discharge hinder the practical applications of SnO2‐based electrodes for SIBs and PIBs. Engineering rational structures with fast charge/ion transfer and robust stability is important to overcoming these challenges. Herein, S‐doped SnO2 (S–SnO2) quantum dots (QDs) (≈3 nm) encapsulated in an N, S codoped carbon fiber networks (S–SnO2–CFN) are rationally fabricated using a sequential freeze‐drying, calcination, and S‐doping strategy. Experimental analysis and density functional theory calculations reveal that the integration of S–SnO2 QDs with N, S codoped carbon fiber network remarkably decreases the adsorption energies of Na/K atoms in the interlayer of SnO2–CFN, and the S doping can increase the conductivity of SnO2, thereby enhancing the ion transfer kinetics. The synergistic interaction between S–SnO2 QDs and N, S codoped carbon fiber network results in a composite with fast Na+/K+ storage and extraordinary long‐term cyclability. Specifically, the S–SnO2–CFN delivers high rate capacities of 141.0 mAh g−1 at 20 A g−1 in SIBs and 102.8 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1 in PIBs. Impressively, it delivers ultra‐stable sodium storage up to 10,000 cycles at 5 A g−1 and potassium storage up to 5000 cycles at 2 A g−1. This study provides insights into constructing metal oxide‐based carbon fiber network structures for high‐performance electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices.
Vacuum‐free lamination via controlled polymer adhesion for selective photogeneration and photodetection
Authors: Kim Min Soo , Lim Jihyun , Jang Woongsik , Wang Dong Hwan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study attempts to develop a reproducible thin‐film formation technique called vacuum‐free (VF) lamination, which transfers thin films using elastomeric polymer‐based laminating mediators. Precisely, by controlling the interface characteristics of the mediator based on the work of adhesion, VF lamination is successfully performed for various thicknesses (from 20 to 240 nm) of a conjugated photoactive material composed of poly[(2,6‐(4,8‐bis(5‐(2‐ethylhexyl‐3‐fluoro)thiophen‐2‐yl)‐benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐bʹ]dithiophene))‐alt‐(5,5‐(1ʹ,3ʹ‐di‐2‐thienyl‐5ʹ,7ʹ‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)benzo[1ʹ,2ʹ‐c:4ʹ,5ʹ‐cʹ]dithiophene‐4,8‐dione)] (a polymer donor) and 2,2ʹ‐((2Z,2ʹZ)‐((12,13‐bis(2‐butyloctyl)‐3,9‐diundecyl‐12,13‐dihydro‐[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4‐e]thieno[2ʹʹ,3ʹʹ:4ʹ,5ʹ]thieno[2ʹ,3ʹ:4,5]pyrrolo[3,2‐g]thieno[2ʹ,3ʹ:4,5]thieno[3,2‐b]indole‐2,10‐diyl)bis(methanylylidene))bis(5,6‐difluoro‐3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐indene‐2,1‐diylidene))dimalononitrile (a nonfullerene acceptor). Interestingly, the organic photovoltaic and photodetecting applications, prepared by the VF lamination process, showed superior performance compared to those of devices prepared by conventional spin‐coating. This is due to the overturned surface morphology, which led to enhanced charge transport ability and blocking of the externally injected charge. Thus, the reproducible VF lamination process, exploiting an adhesion‐based elastomeric polymer mediator, is a promising thin‐film formation technique for developing efficient next‐generation organic optoelectronic materials consistent with the solution process.
Family functioning of adolescents with restrictive eating disorders with or without nonsuicidal self‐injury
Authors: Riva Anna , Bizzi Fabiola , Borgatti Renato , Mensi Martina , Charpentier Mora Simone , Di Guardo Simona , Nacinovich Renata 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFamily influence is a crucial factor in the onset and maintenance of eating disorders. Nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) and restrictive eating disorders (REDs) co‐occur in a significant percentage of subjects but family functioning of these families remains underexplored. This study examines the family functioning perceptions of 80 families with adolescents experiencing RED, comparing those with and without NSSI, alongside a control group, utilising the FACES‐IV assessment. The study also aims to compare the triadic (adolescent–mother–father) perception of family functioning in the three groups. The results reveal distinct family dynamics in adolescents with both RED and NSSI, marked by problematic functioning perceptions from all family members and low parental agreement. A further understanding of the family functioning of adolescents with RED with NSSI can help clinicians in defining the treatment setting.
Crystal Growth and Structural Characterization of Cs2LiLaBr6:Ce Using Neutron Diffraction
Authors: Cai Zhuochen , Yin Ziang , Zhang Xianggang , Yang Fan , Jia Ningbo , Yin Wen , Zhao Qinghua , Wang Chunhai , Luo Fa , Yue Aizhong , Wang Tao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCe‐doped Cs2LiLaBr6(CLLB) scintillator crystals, known for their superior neutron/gamma dual‐mode detection capability and exceptional scintillation properties, have garnered significant attention for both fundamental science and practical applications. The role of Ce3+cations as luminescent centers is pivotal, influencing the scintillation properties as their concentration varies. While the effects of Ce3+concentration on scintillation performance are well‐documented, the ramifications for crystalline structure remain less explored. In this study, high‐quality CLLB:Ce single crystals are fabricated(atomic packing factor of maximum doped Ce is 0.04%) using the vertical Bridgman (VB) method and subsequently characterized their crystalline structure by neutron diffraction, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and elemental analysis. The findings reveal a correlation between Ce3+concentration and the crystal cell parameters, presenting intriguing deviations from Vegard's law. Such observations suggest the potential presence of alternative defects, potentially Li+interstitials, in CLLB:Ce. This work offers critical insights for advancing the understanding and optimization of CLLB:Ce scintillators.
Genetic gains in short‐season corn hybrids: Grain yield, yield components, and grain quality traits
Authors: King Kyle , Ferela Antonella , Vyn Tony J. , Trifunovic Slobodan , Eudy Doug , Hurburgh Charles , Lamkey Kendall R. , Archontoulis Sotirios V. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEra studies are important to understand historical changes in maize (Zea mays) germplasm and estimate genetic gains, yet information for short‐season maize hybrids is limited. Here, we determine grain yield genetic gain in Bayer short‐season hybrids (100–105 days) and investigate indirect changes made on 17 secondary traits, including yield components (kernel number, weight, and shelling efficiency), and grain quality traits (oil, protein, starch, ethanol, moisture, and test weight). We evaluated 40 maize hybrids released from 1980 to 2020 across 18 environments in the US Corn Belt. Plant density and N‐fertilizer were held constant within each environment. Results indicated a linear increase in grain yield (from 11.1 to 15.3 Mg ha−1, 105 kg ha−1 year−1, or 0.8% year−1) with no sign of a plateau. The increase in grain yield was attributed more to increased kernels per m2 (0.57% year−1) than kernel weight (0.23% year−1). Grain protein concentration decreased until the late 2000s and plateaued thereafter, while starch and ethanol concentration increased until the early 2000s and plateaued thereafter. However, the total amount of protein, starch, and ethanol increased linearly from 1980 to 2020. We concluded that maize breeding for increased grain yield has indirectly affected many traits at different rates and directions. Our results are encouraging for future progress in grain yield increase, update genetic gain information to 2020 for short‐season hybrids, and can inform plant breeders, crop physiologists, agronomists, and crop modelers.