bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Semantic‐specific and domain‐general mechanisms for integration and update of contextual information
Authors: Branzi Francesca M. , Lambon Ralph Matthew A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRecent research has highlighted the importance of domain‐general processes and brain regions for language and semantic cognition. Yet, this has been mainly observed in executively demanding tasks, leaving open the question of the contribution of domain‐general processes to natural language and semantic cognition. Using fMRI, we investigated whether neural processes reflecting context integration and context update—two key aspects of naturalistic language and semantic processing—are domain‐specific versus domain‐general. Thus, we compared neural responses during the integration of contextual information across semantic and non‐semantic tasks. Whole‐brain results revealed both shared (left posterior‐dorsal inferior frontal gyrus, left posterior inferior temporal gyrus, and left dorsal angular gyrus/intraparietal sulcus) and distinct (left anterior‐ventral inferior frontal gyrus, left anterior ventral angular gyrus, left posterior middle temporal gyrus for semantic control only) regions involved in context integration and update. Furthermore, data‐driven functional connectivity analysis clustered domain‐specific versus domain‐general brain regions into distinct but interacting functional neural networks. These results provide a first characterisation of the neural processes required for context‐dependent integration during language processing along the domain‐specificity dimension, and at the same time, they bring new insights into the role of left posterior lateral temporal cortex and left angular gyrus for semantic cognition.
Prediction of postoperative recurrence of oral cancer by artificial intelligence model: Multilayer perceptron
Authors: Cai Yongkang , Xie Yutong , Zhang Shulian , Wang Yuepeng , Wang Yan , Chen Jian , Huang Zhiquan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative recurrence of oral cancer is an important factor affecting the prognosis of patients. Artificial intelligence is used to establish a machine learning model to predict the risk of postoperative recurrence of oral cancer.MethodsThe information of 387 patients with postoperative oral cancer were collected to establish the multilayer perceptron (MLP) model. The comprehensive variable model was compared with the characteristic variable model, and the MLP model was compared with other models to evaluate the sensitivity of different models in the prediction of postoperative recurrence of oral cancer.ResultsThe overall performance of the MLP model under comprehensive variable input was the best.ConclusionThe MLP model has good sensitivity to predict postoperative recurrence of oral cancer, and the predictive model with variable input training is better than that with characteristic variable input.
Maternal medically diagnosed infection and antibiotic prescription during pregnancy and risk of childhood cancer: A population‐based cohort study in Taiwan, 2004 to 2015
Authors: Sirirungreung Anupong , Lee Pei‐Chen , Hu Ya‐Hui , Liew Zeyan , Ritz Beate , Heck Julia E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWhile associations between maternal infections during pregnancy and childhood leukemia in offspring have been extensively studied, the evidence for other types of childhood cancers is limited. Additionally, antibiotic exposure during pregnancy could potentially increase the risk of childhood cancers. Our study investigates associations between maternal infections and antibiotic prescriptions during pregnancy and the risk of childhood cancer in Taiwan. We conducted a population‐based cohort study using the Taiwan Maternal and Child Health Database (TMCHD), linked with national health and cancer registries. The study included 2 267 186 mother‐child pairs, and the median follow‐up time was 7.96 years. Cox proportional hazard models were utilized to estimate effects. Maternal infections during pregnancy were associated with a moderate increase in the risk of childhood hepatoblastoma (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.34; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.90‐1.98) and a weaker increase in the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (adjusted HR = 1.15; 95% CI: 0.99‐1.35). Antibiotic prescriptions during pregnancy were also associated with an elevated risk of childhood ALL (adjusted HR = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.04‐1.63), particularly with tetracyclines (adjusted HR = 2.15; 95% CI: 1.34‐3.45). Several specific antibiotics were also associated with an increased risk of hepatoblastoma and medulloblastoma. Children exposed in utero to antibiotic prescription or both infections and antibiotics during pregnancy were at higher risk of developing ALL. Our findings suggest that there are associations between maternal infections, antibiotic use during pregnancy and the risk of several childhood cancers in addition to ALL and highlight the importance of further research in this area.
Multifractal approach for a biological porous media: Human dentin case
Authors: Sánchez‐Chávez H. D. , Flores‐Cano L. , Santiago‐Hernández A. , García‐Soriano A. A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA multifractal characterization to human dentin porosity is made. Micrographs of human dentin samples gotten from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were studied in order to characterize porosity. We got the generalized dimensions (multifractal moments) for pore space and matrix skeleton on gray scale and binary images for samples of both gender. For the case, we found that superficial porosity is linked to mass fractal dimension in an approximately linear relationship as for binary images. In addition, probability density distribution (PDD) for pore diameters is found a normal PDD type. Other quantities of interest like mean, standard deviation, maximum and minimum pore diameters, voit ratios, and percentage of chemical composition are reported.Research Highlights
SEM sample, images and procedure for multifractal analysis are detailed.
Micro patterns in grayscale are multifractal and in binary scale are monofractals.
Superficial porosity is relate to mass fractal dimension approximately linearly.
From the porosity values, voit ratios are determined.
Pores diameters obey a normal PDD.
Central pancreatectomy might be an acceptable surgical procedure for clinical T1 pancreatic body ductal adenocarcinoma: A multicenter retrospective analysis
Authors: Terai Taichi , Kawai Manabu , Kitahata Yuji , Satoi Sohei , Hashimoto Daisuke , Nagai Minako , Nishiwada Satoshi , Yamamoto Tomohisa , Yamaue Hiroki , Sho Masayuki 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundCentral pancreatectomy (CP) is accepted as a function‐preserving procedure for benign tumors. However, the indication of CP for pancreatic cancers is limited. This multicenter study aimed to clarify the indications of CP for clinical T1 pancreatic body cancer.MethodsThis multicenter study analyzed patients who underwent CP or distal pancreatectomy (DP) for clinical T1 pancreatic body cancer between 2013 and 2020 at three high‐volume centers.ResultsA total of 50 patients were enrolled: nine patients, who underwent CP, were classified into the CP group, while 38 patients, who underwent DP, served as controls. Three patients converted CP to DP during operation were excluded. Five patients in the CP group and 15 patients in the control group underwent preoperative treatment. The 5‐year survival rate was 100% in the CP group, and 42% (p = .040) in the control group. Recurrence was found in three patients in the CP group. Importantly, insulin was not required after surgery in patients in the CP group.ConclusionThe clinical outcomes of CP were comparable to or even better than that of conventional pancreatectomy. Our collaborative study suggests that CP may be an acceptable therapeutic option for selected patients with clinical T1 pancreatic body cancer.
COVID‐19 mRNA vaccine, but not a viral vector‐based vaccine, promotes neutralizing anti‐type I interferon autoantibody production in a small group of healthy individuals
Authors: Xu Wanli , Wen Xiaoting , Cong Xiaomei , Jiang Wei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccines are highly effective but also induce adverse events, in particular, autoimmunity. Findings from several studies revealed that patients with life‐threatening SARS‐CoV‐2 infection had increased, pre‐existing, neutralizing antibodies against type I interferons (IFNs). However, whether COVID‐19 vaccination induces the anti‐type I IFN antibody remains unclear. In the current study, we evaluated plasma levels of 103 autoantibodies against various human self‐antigens and 16 antibodies against viral antigens in healthy individuals pre‐ and post‐COVID‐19 vaccination. Twelve participants received a COVID‐19 mRNA vaccine (Pfizer‐BioNTech or Moderna), and 8 participants received a viral vector‐based vaccine (Janssen). All participants produced increased antibody levels against SARS‐CoV‐2 antigens following vaccination. Among the 103 autoantibodies, only plasma levels of IgG autoantibodies against type I IFNs increased in participants who received a mRNA vaccine (3/12), but not in those who received the viral vector‐based vaccine (0/8) at postvaccination compared to pre‐vaccination. Among the three individuals showing increased anti‐IFN IgG following vaccination, both plasma samples and plasma‐purified total IgGs showed a dose‐dependent binding ability to IFN‐α; two of the three showed neutralizing activity to IFN‐α‐2a‐induced phosphorated STAT1 responses in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells postvaccination compared to baseline in vitro. Among the 103 autoantibodies tested, the COVID‐19 mRNA vaccine, but not the viral vector‐based vaccine, specifically induced neutralizing anti‐type I IFN autoantibodies in a small group of healthy individuals (~10%). Findings from this study imply that COVID‐19 mRNA vaccines may suppress IFN‐mediated innate immunity and impair immune defense through induced autoimmunity in some healthy individuals, who may need to switch to another type of COVID‐19 vaccine (e.g., a viral vector‐based vaccine).
Older workers' knowledge seeking from younger coworkers: Disentangling countervailing pathways to successful aging at work
Authors: Pfrombeck Julian , Burmeister Anne , Grote Gudela 
Published: October 2023

SummaryIncreasing age diversity in the workplace has led to growing research attention to the knowledge transfer between older and younger employees. The existing literature on age‐diverse knowledge exchange has mostly focused on knowledge transfer from older to younger employees as a means of knowledge retention. In this study, we change perspectives by aiming to understand how and when older employees' knowledge seeking from younger coworkers is related to their successful aging at work (i.e., the motivation and ability to continue working). Grounded in the self‐regulatory process model of successful aging at work, we predict two countervailing pathways: a positive self‐enhancing path via perceived learning and a negative self‐protective path via embarrassment. In a time‐lagged study with 764 older employees, we found that their knowledge seeking from younger coworkers was positively related to motivation to continue working and workability via perceived learning and negatively related to workability via embarrassment. We further examined older employees' positive intergenerational affect as a boundary condition and found a buffering effect on the negative path to workability. This research shows that knowledge transfer from younger to older employees is a net contributor to successful aging at work and embarrassment can be mitigated by positive intergenerational affect.
Local application of gingiva‐derived mesenchymal stem cells on experimental periodontitis in rats
Authors: Balaban Yunus Emre , Akbaba Sema , Bozkurt Serife Buket , Buyuksungur Arda , Akgun E. Ece , Gonen Zeynep Burcin , Salkin Hasan , Tezcaner Aysen , Hakki Sema S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundStem cell‐based approaches in regenerative periodontal therapy have been used in different experimental models. In this study, the effect of local application of gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSC) in fibroin/chitosan oligosaccharide lactate hydrogel (F/COS) on periodontal regeneration was evaluated using experimental periodontitis model in rats.MethodsMesenchymal stem cells were isolated from the gingiva of rats and characterized. Viability tests and confocal imaging of GMSC in hydrogels were performed. Healthy control without periodontitis (Health; H; n=10), control with periodontitis but no application (Periodontitis; P; n=10), only hydrogel application (F/COS; n=10), and GMSC+F/COS (n=10) four groups were formed for in vivo studies. Experimental periodontitis was created with silk sutures around the maxillary second molars. GMSC labeled with green fluorescent protein (GFP) (250,000 cells/50 μL) in F/COS were applied to the defect. Animals were sacrificed at 2nd and 8th weeks and maxillae of the animals were evaluated by micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) and histologically. The presence of GFP‐labeled GMSC was confirmed at the end of 8 weeks.ResultsMicro‐CT analysis showed statistically significant new bone formation in the F/COS+GMSC treated group compared with the P group at the end of 8 weeks (p < 0.05). New bone formation was also observed in the F/COS group, but the statistical analysis revealed that this difference was not significant when compared with the P group (p > 0.05). Long junctional epithelium formation was less in the F/COS+GMSC group compared with the P group. Periodontal ligament and connective tissue were well‐organized in F/COS+GMSC group.ConclusionThe results showed that local GMSC application in hydrogel contributed to the formation of new periodontal ligament and alveolar bone in rats with experimental periodontitis. Since gingiva is easly accessible tissue, it is promising for autologous cell‐based treatments in clinical applications.
Ultrasound‐Guided Prospective Screening for Spinal Dysraphism in Offspring of Mothers With Pregestational Diabetes
Authors: Gajagowni Saivaroon , Mazuru‐Witten Danielle , Hegstrom Jessica , Goodman Jean , Vachharajani Akshaya J. 
Published: October 2023

AimDetermine the utility of prospective spinal ultrasound in infants of mothers with pregestational diabetes (PGDM) for the diagnosis of closed spinal dysraphism (SDs).MethodsThis prospective observational pilot study was completed at a tertiary care center between May 1, 2020 and December 30, 2022. Infants born to mothers with PGDM and with normal spinal physical examinations were included. A total of 25 mother–infant dyads were enrolled in the study and prospectively screened with spinal ultrasound. The study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier‐NCT05033275).ResultsTwenty‐five spinal ultrasounds were performed over the course of this study with three (8%) resulting in abnormal findings that required further imaging. Follow‐up with magnetic resonance imaging found one case of tethered cord syndrome.ConclusionProspective screening in infants of mothers with PGDM found one case of tethered cord syndrome. This finding suggests that risk stratified screening of mothers with diabetes might be a reasonable approach to care.
The Diagnostic Accuracy of Transvaginal Ultrasound for Detection of Ureteral Involvement in Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis
Authors: Chway Cizar , Flórez Sandra , Muñoz Maria Dolores , Guerriero Stefano , Alcázar Juan Luis 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to determine the accuracy of transvaginal ultrasound (TVU) for the diagnosis of ureteral involvement in women with deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE).MethodsThe meta‐analysis included primary studies comparing the use of TVU for diagnosing endometriotic involvement of the ureter, using laparoscopic surgery and histological diagnosis as the reference standard. Search was performed in several databases (Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed/MEDLINE). The studies' quality and bias risk were assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Study‐2 (QUADAS‐2). Diagnostic performance was estimated by assessing pooled sensitivity and specificity.ResultsA total of 496 citations were found. Six articles were ultimately selected for this systematic review and meta‐analysis after the inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.81 (95% CI: 0.42–0.96), 1.00 (95% CI: 0.93–1.00). The heterogeneity observed was high for both sensitivity and specificity. Overall risk of bias was low.ConclusionTVU is a valuable tool for the pre‐operative identification of ureteral involvement by DIE.
Neurophysiology of the Superior Laryngeal Nerve in an In Vivo Rat Model
Authors: Cvancara David J. , de Leon Julio A. , Baertsch Hans C. , Jaleel Zaroug , Kinney Greg , Martinez Vicente , Bhatt Neel K. 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveThe superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) is fundamental in laryngeal sensation, cough reflex, and pitch control. SLN injury has substantial consequences including altered sensation, aspiration, and dysphonia. To date, in vivo measurement of the SLN remains elusive. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of recording motor and sensory evoked potentials in a rat SLN model.MethodsTwenty‐two rat hemi‐laryngeal preparations (n = 11) were obtained from 4‐month‐old Sprague–Dawley rats and included in this study. Compound motor action potentials (CMAPs) and motor unit number estimation (MUNE) were calculated by stimulating the SLN at the point of medial extension near the carotid artery and by placing a recording electrode on the cricothyroid muscle. Sensory response was determined through stimulation of the SLN and laryngoscopic visualization of a laryngeal adductor reflex (LAR). SLN and cricothyroid muscle cross‐sections were stained and histologic morphometrics were quantified.ResultsLaryngeal evoked potentials were successfully obtained in all trials. Mean CMAP latency and negative durations were 0.99 ± 0.57 ms and 1.49 ± 0.57 ms, respectively. The median MUNE was 2.06 (IQR 1.88, 3.51). LAR was induced with a mean intensity of 0.69 ± 0.20 mV. Mean axon count, myelin thickness, and g‐ratio were 681 ± 192.2, 1.72 ± 0.26, and 0.45 ± 0.04, respectively.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the feasibility of recording evoked response potentials following SLN stimulation. We hypothesize that this work will provide a tractable animal model to study changes in laryngeal sensation and cricothyroid motor function with aging, neurodegenerative disease, aspiration, or nerve injury.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 134:1778–1784, 2024
Global sustainable land use and management: Illustrating the linkage between carbon sink and ecological engineering
Authors: Zhang Mengqi , Duo Jieji , Sun Jian , Haregeweyn Nigussie 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEcological engineering has been implemented worldwide to mitigate land use and management stresses. It can remarkably alter the spatiotemporal patterns of carbon sinks and regulate ecosystem functions and processes. However, the linkage between ecological engineering and carbon sink remains unclear. To adequately address this dilemma, we must urgently determine the spatiotemporal patterns and drivers of carbon sinks and illustrate ecological response and feedback mechanisms. We created a Special Issue to answer these questions, establish future research directions, and propose a framework for sustainable land use and management. All these efforts provide a theoretical basis to guide the implementation of ecological projects and contribute to global carbon neutrality.
Virtual built‐up land transfers and induced ecosystem service potential loss embodied in China's inter‐regional trade
Authors: Weng Chuyao , Bai Yuping , Chen Bihui , Hu Yecui , Liu Shuai , Wu Lantian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractInter‐regional trade can potentially extend the management of resources and induced ecological environmental impacts beyond a region's territory along supply chains. We combined environmental‐extended multi‐regional input–output analysis and ecosystem services value (ESV) assessment, to identify the remote connections of construction land use and the induced ecosystem services potential loss in inter‐provincial trade in China from 2007 to 2017. The findings indicated that the virtual construction land flow increased by 0.774 million ha in the eight regions of China during 2007–2017. The Northeast and the Northwest were net exporters while most of the inflow areas were in the more developed areas such as Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei and the Yangtze River Delta. The net regional flow of ecosystem service potential loss (ESPL) in China increased by 352.64 billion yuan. The spatial heterogeneity of ESV in each province led to differences in the inter‐sectoral or inter‐regional flow characteristics of ESPL from embodied construction land use. The outflow areas of ESPL were mostly located in the old industrial bases of the Northeast and Northern Coast, which sacrificed their local ecological service value to meet the development needs of Southern Coast, Southwest China and Beijing–Tianjin. The research results help to clarify ecological and environmental responsibility, improve ecological compensation mechanisms and formulate scientific policies for coordinated protection of ecosystem services.
Coupled primary production and respiration in a large river contrasts with smaller rivers and streams
Authors: Roley Sarah S. , Hall Robert O. , Perkins William , Garayburu‐Caruso Vanessa A. , Stegen James C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAlthough time series in ecosystem metabolism are well characterized in small and medium rivers, patterns in the world's largest rivers are almost unknown. Large rivers present technical difficulties, including depth measurements, gas exchange (, ) estimates, and the presence of large dams, which can supersaturate gases. We estimated reach‐scale metabolism for the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River (Washington state, USA), a free‐flowing stretch with an average discharge of 3173 . We calculated from semi‐empirical models and directly estimated it from tracer measurements. We fixed at the median value from these calculations (0.5 ), and used maximum likelihood to estimate reach‐scale, open‐channel metabolism. Both gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER) were high (GPP range: 0.3–30.8 g , ER range: 0.8–30.6 g ), with peak GPP and ER occurring in the late summer or early fall. GPP increased exponentially with temperature, consistent with metabolic theory, while light was seasonally saturating. Annual average GPP, estimated at 1500 g carbon , was in the top 2% of estimates for other rivers. GPP and ER were tightly coupled and 90% of GPP was immediately respired, resulting in net ecosystem production near 0. Patterns in the Hanford Reach contrast with those in small‐medium rivers, suggesting that metabolism magnitudes and patterns in large rivers may not be simply scaled from knowledge of smaller rivers.