bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The experimental study of dexamethasone effectiveness in a model of lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in rats
Authors: Voloshin N. I. , Pugach V. A. , Salukhov V. V. , Tyunin M. A. , Minakov A. A. , Ilyinskiy N. S. , Levchuk E. V. 
Published: January 2024

Aim. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of dexamethasone at various doses in an experimental model of direct acute lung injury (ALI).Materials and methods. The study was performed on 80 white outbred male rats, in which ALI was modeled by intratracheal administration of lipopolysaccharide. The animals were divided into 4 groups: the control group and three experimental groups (groups 1–3), where the animals were intraperitoneally administered dexamethasone at doses of 0.52, 1.71, and 8.00 mg / kg / day, respectively, for 3 days. A complete blood count, blood biochemistry test, and hemostatic tests were performed to assess the efficacy and safety of dexamethasone on day 3 of the experiment The severity of pulmonary edema was assessed by changes in the lung weight coefficient and the wet / dry weight ratio.Results. The use of dexamethasone in the ALI model increased the survival of rats in groups 1 and 2 by 35% (p < 0.05), and in group 3 only by 20% compared with control animals. The rat lung weight coefficient and the wet / dry weight ratio when using dexamethasone at all doses studied were equally reduced by an average of 28% (p < 0.05) and 17% (p < 0.05), respectively (p < 0.05). The severity of side effects of dexamethasone (hyperglycemia, hyperproteinemia, hyperkalemia, hypercoagulability, increased activity of creatine phosphokinase in the blood) was dose-dependent and was maximum in group 3 (dexamethasone dose 8.00 mg / kg / day).Conclusion. The effectiveness of both low (0.52 mg / kg / day) and high (8.00 mg / kg / day) doses of dexamethasone in an experimental model of ALI in rats is characterized by the same anti-edematous effect. Based on the results of the blood tests and the analysis of rat survival, the use of dexamethasone at the lowest dose (0.52 mg / kg / day) should be considered the safest.
Clinicopathological features of colon cancer depending on the dMMR status of the tumor
Authors: Naumov S. S. , Krakhmal N. V. , Tarasov M. N. , Taranenko M. I. , Udut E. V. , Kolobovnikova Yu. V. , Vtorushin S. V. 
Published: January 2024

Aim. To conduct a clinical and morphological assessment of the characteristics of colon cancer depending on the dMMR / pMMR status of the tumor.Materials and methods. A retrospective study included 66 patients with operable colorectal cancer (CRC) (T1-4bN0-2bM1), who were treated at Cancer Research Institute of Tomsk National Research Medical Center (NRMC). The average age of the patients was 64.4 ± 12.8 years. All patients underwent hemicolectomy or colon resection, as well as intraoperative resection of distant metastases, if present.Results. We determined that in CRC patients with pMMR tumors, hematogenous metastases were detected in 27.3% of cases, while in patients with dMMR tumors, hematogenous metastases were detected only in 6.1% of cases (p = 0.021). A comparative analysis of dMMR and pMMR tumors also allowed to establish higher frequency of perineural invasion among the pMMR subgroup of carcinomas (p = 0.039). The sign of tumor budding was found both in dMMR carcinomas (36%) and in pMMR tumors (45%). This sign was associated with damage to regional lymph nodes (p = 0.0017). A more detailed analysis of the tumor budding phenomenon showed that in dMMR tumors, Bd1 low-grade budding (83%) predominated. In pMMR tumors, Bd2 intermediate-grade budding (33%) and Bd3 high-grade budding (26.7%) prevailed. Bd2 and Bd3 tumor budding types were associated with hematogenous metastasis (p < 0.001).Conclusion. The obtained data demonstrate the differences in such pathomorphological parameters as perineural invasion and the degree of tumor budding depending on the dMMR / pMMR status of the tumor. These histologic parameters in tumor tissue are also associated with higher incidence of distant metastasis in patients with pMMR carcinomas as opposed to patients with dMMR tumors.
Optimizing Invasive Neonatal Respiratory Care: A Review of Invasive Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist
Authors: Balasundaram Palanikumar , Sakr Mohamed 
Published: January 2024

Background: Mechanical ventilation in preterm neonates aims for synchrony, preventing complications such as lung injury. Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist (NAVA) stands out as a unique mode relying on diaphragmatic electrical signals for synchronization. We attempted to review studies that have explored the long-term consequence of using invasive NAVA in neonates with a specific focus on respiratory outcomes, namely bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).
Methods: A systematic review following PRISMA explored invasive NAVA in preterm neonates. Primary objectives compared NAVA to conventional ventilation, assessing BPD incidence, ventilation duration, length of stay, and adverse events. Secondary objectives analyzed ventilator parameters.
Results: After screening 282 records, nine studies were included. NAVA showed reduced oxygen requirement at 28 days but no significant differences in oxygen need at 36 weeks postmenstrual age, total length of stay, or ventilator days. Adverse events such as air leak, mortality, patent ductus arteriosus, and intraventricular hemorrhage revealed no substantial variations. Ventilator variables favored NAVA, indicating decreased peak inspiratory pressure, tidal volume, work of breathing, and respiratory severity score.
Conclusion: Despite short-term benefits, our study found no significant reduction in BPD with NAVA. Future large-scale trials are essential to comprehensively assess NAVA&#039;s impact on preterm infants&#039; long-term outcomes.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling of Acoustics Generated by Fluid Flow Through a Perforation
Authors: Hamanaka Yasuyuki , Zhu D. , Hill A. D. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Fiber optic sensing technology is a useful tool in diagnosing fracture generation during hydraulic fracturing. Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) monitors the local acoustic vibrations around the fiber optic cable in real time. In particular, the audible frequency range of DAS is sensitive to the sound induced by fluid flow through perforations and can be used to estimate fluid distribution through each cluster of a multiple stage fracture treatment. As perforations erode during fracture pumping, the acoustic signals decay rapidly, and the DAS waterfall plot used in the field may result in misleading interpretation. To understand the relationship between flow path geometries and flow rates to acoustic responses, a theoretical model was built in this study. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to calculate the acoustic waves generated by fluid flow through a perforation with defined geometry. The model investigates the relationships of perforation diameters and flow rates.
The acoustic model in CFD consists of two steps: solving the pressure profile due to fluid flow in the corresponding geometry; and calculating the acoustic pressure at the specified receiver locations. After time-domain acoustic pressure is transformed into frequency-domain by using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), the sound pressure level is calculated and evaluated. For computational efficiency, a small-scaled CFD model with a single perforation and 2 in I.D. casing size was built and used to determine the appropriate sampling frequency and mesh size. The result was upscaled in the CFD model to a single perforation and 4.77 in I.D. casing. The impact of important parameters on the fluid flow-induced acoustics around the perforation was evaluated. The parameters included the perforation diameter, fluid flow rate, fluid flow energy, roundness of the perforation entrance and perforation shape. The results are compared with experimental observations.
From a sensitivity study, it was observed that small sampling frequencies caused aliasing errors which results in the formation of incorrect frequency peaks. The energy of the fluid flow through a perforation, expressed as the multiple of perforation pressure drop and flow rate, correlates with the sound pressure level. It was also noticed that the roundness of perforation entrances significantly reduces the sound pressure level. As the perforation size increases because of erosion, the characteristics of acoustic signals change, clearly indicating the enlargement of the perforation hole.
The findings of this study help to understand DAS measurements and its interpretation for perforation performance and fluid distribution in fracture stimulation.
Development of a Non-Damaging, Non-Crosslinked Fracturing Fluid System with Enhanced Proppant Suspension Capacity, Field Experiences in Tight and Unconventional Formations
Authors: Fragachan Francisco E. , Busteed John E. , Carvajalino Yurany , Omer Mohammed , Engels John 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The objective of this work relates to the development of a novel fracture fluid, non-damaging, non-crosslinked, non-guar based capable of providing excellent fracture conductivity through outstanding proppant placement and contact area, invariably in tight or unconventional reservoirs.
Laboratory data generated around rheology, proppant suspension, fluid leakoff, friction performance, results, together with actual treatment performed in tight formations are presented and discussed.
The novel fracture system presents the fusion of two characteristic behaviors of a Slick water fluid and an activated fluid, allowing with this; propped fractures with greater contact area within the reservoir, excellent capacity of suspension, and transport of high concentrations of proppants without using natural polymers, reflecting an important decrease in polymer damage and a high gain in retained conductivity of around 96%, and high efficiency during post-fracture pack cleaning if energized.
One of the key performance indicators to measure its value, is the ability to effectively distribute proppant inside fracture, generating a good proppant pack capable of sustaining the greater contact area created, with minimum settling, as demonstrated through field trials in tight (0.5-1 mD) and unconventional well treatments, enhancing fracture conductivity. To demonstrate this, production performance for a tight gas well is presented where a higher production gain (x2) was observed in one well when compared with neighboring wells.
Robust Correlation Between Effective Energy Injected and Total Production Output: Unpacking the Significance
Authors: Navaiz Awais , Doucette Jon , Mogck Drew 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Continuing from the previous publication (Navaiz et al. 2023) detailing the hydraulic fracturing energy system and energy transfer as fluid and proppant are pumped from the surface into formation. this paper focuses on the validating the importance of effective energy delivered to formation and its correlation to total productivity.
Combining extensive in-house pumping data and well-production data available from the public domain, a two-dimensional approach cross-plotting total effective energy injected per unit area against production output shows a highly correlative positive relationship (R2&gt;0.75) across several basins in North America. This strong relationship not only reinforces the value of this energy analysis concept in hydraulic fracturing established by the authors previously. It also validates the conservation of energy principle highlighting the usefulness of relating effective energy injected into formation to a direct increase in reservoir energy potential and therefore a greater potential for total productivity.
With the unconventional oil and gas industry highly focused on capital efficiency, the effective energy metric enables near-instantaneous optimization of development costs rather than iterating on 6-month or 1-year production performance. Time and capital can then be invested in technologies and processes that maximize effective energy and resultant productivity or minimize energy losses in the system.
The Netball Injury Incidence and Aetiology Evidence Base: A Scoping Review of Methodologies and Recommendations for Future Approaches.
Authors: Horne Sara Louise , Baltzopoulos Bill , Shaheen Aliah Faisal , Hills Laura 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Netball is a sport with a large participation base and a high risk of injuries. The development of effective prevention strategies to minimise injury is dependent upon a clear understanding of the sports injury problems, aetiology and mechanisms. Thus, appropriate research methodologies are essential to accurately identify the injury evidence base. The objective of this scoping review was to map out the characteristics and range of netball injury research methodologies, identify limitations and provide guidance for future research.
Methods
A systematic, librarian assisted search of seven scientific databases from 1985 to March 2023 identified relevant studies. All peer-reviewed studies assessing injury incidence, aetiology and mechanisms in netball were included.
Results
Screening of 642 studies identified 61netball injury studies (67% descriptive epidemiology: 56% analysing hospital/insurance data, 44% netball competitions; 33% analytic epidemiology). Across studies considerable variation exists in study designs, injury definitions, methods of data collection and reporting, calculation of injury incidence and classification of study populations. The 20 analytic studies assessed a wide range of injury risk factors, but 70% used a simplistic reductionist approach to determine causality, limiting understanding of injury causes. Methods of recording injury mechanisms relied on simple descriptions, based on athlete self-report or medical staff reporting, reducing the accuracy of information. Consequently, these methodological issues make it difficult to identify clear injury issues across age groups and playing levels.
Conclusion
The findings highlight the use of heterogeneous and inappropriate methodologies for analysis of the incidence, causes and mechanisms of netball injuries. Standardisation of methodologies for the collection of injury data, and assessment of risk factors and mechanisms is essential. A multifactorial approach is required to assess the complex interaction between multiple risk factors, player load and the injury inciting event. This will provide a more accurate evidence base to inform effective preventative strategies.
Visual Acuity Improvement (Supernormal Vision) after SmartSight lenticule extraction procedures: A Machine Learning Assisted Approach.
Authors: Mosquera Samuel Arba , Darzi Soodabeh , Pradhan Kishore 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To anticipate improvements in lenticule extraction, with the potential to enhance visual acuity, by employing SmartSight from SCHWIND eye-tech-solutions. This involves utilizing the advanced femtosecond laser system, SCHWIND ATOS, through a comprehensive analysis of patient data and specific details related to the surgical device.
Methods
This retrospective, observational case series includes 1262 eyes who underwent SmartSight with 86 features (sources of information). Procedures were performed with a SCHWIND ATOS femtosecond laser. Selection of those features that carry a high relevance in the change of Corrected Distance Visual Acuity (CDVA) was performed with Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Principal Components (PC) Analysis (PCA), whereas predicting the success probability (gain of CDVA) with various regression and classification methods. The full cohort was randomly split into training cohort (883 treatments) and test cohort (379 treatments).
Results
The initial 86 features reduced to 38 uncorrelated ones using a cross-correlation matrix. Subsequent refinement led to the identification of 3 PCs explaining 80% of the variance. PC1 was primarily associated with system settings, whereas PC2 and PC3 were correlated with gender and age at treatment. A successful dichotomous classifier (gain vs no-gain of CDVA) developed, showing consistent predictions in both training and test cohorts. Notably, lower pulse energy, larger spot distance, tighter track distance, higher spot to track distance ratio, lower dose, and lower average laser power were linked to a higher chance of CDVA gain.
Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate that employing the low-energy asymmetric spacing with the SmartSight instrument yields a notably safe and effective lenticule extraction process. This methodology significantly contributes to the improvement of visual outcomes in patients with myopic astigmatism undergoing SmartSight treatment.
Introduction:
Corneal refractive surgery, aiming to correct optical and visual imperfections, entails altering the corneal structure by surgically removing tissue that functions akin to a lens. SmartSight treatment (SCHWIND eye-tech solutions GmbH, Kleinostheim, Germany) is a lenticule creation and extraction implemented in the SCHWIND ATOS femtosecond system [1].
Optimization of Bioflocculant production from municipal sewage sludge by Aspergillus niger using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Ayat Sayed Majid , Dadkhah Ali Akbar , Ahmadi Ali , hanifi Saber Moradi , Nasrollahi Amir 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

The production of sewage sludge is an environmental challenge in the steel industry, particularly from the point of view of water recycling and iron recovery. It contains large amounts of iron oxides, calcium, magnesium, and silicon oxides. In this study, the selective deposition rate of iron oxide in sludge in the presence of a bioflocculant produced by Aspergillus niger was investigated. The effects of several key parameters, including nitrogen concentration, carbon concentration, pH, and temperature, were investigated using the response surface method in a central composite design. The results were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The optimum conditions for sludge deposition (91.3%) and iron oxide recovery (72.3%) were achieved at a growth time of 96 hours, a municipal wastewater extract concentration of 1.0 g/L, a pH of 5.9, and a temperature of 18°C. It can be concluded that the bioflocculant produced by A. niger could be used as an environmentally friendly reagent for iron recovery and to increase the efficiency of water recycling from steel industry sludge.
Long-term monitoring of chloride deposition and its influencing factors around the East China sea Island
Authors: Jia Jiannan , Cui Zhiqiang , He Yunqing , Li Yuanbei , Li Xinwei , Liu Cong , Xu Qiang , Fan Xianping 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This study aims to monitor the chloride ion deposition rate at nine distinct locations on Zhairuoshan Island in the East China Sea over a period of 16 months. The research investigates the impact of offshore distance, azimuth, season, rainfall, and wind conditions on the rate of chloride ion deposition. Furthermore, this study conducts an atmospheric corrosion test on Q235 steel at four representative points on the island, and subsequently compares the findings with the chloride ion deposition rate.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Weight Loss Maintenance Program in Adults with Obesity: The WLM3P Study
Authors: Pereira Vanessa , Mota Inês , Cortez Filipa , Castela Inês , Teixeira Diana , Calhau Conceição Calhau , Dias Cláudia Camila , Moreira-Rosário André , Silvestre Marta 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background/Objectives:
Obesity, a chronic disease, requires effective strategies for weight loss (WL) and sustained maintenance. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Weight Loss Maintenance 3 Phases Program (WLM3P) in achieving a clinically significant long-term WL (≥5% initial WL at 18 months) in adults with obesity compared to a standard low-carbohydrate diet (LCD).
Subjects/Methods:
In this two-phase trial, 112 participants targeting initial WL (0-6 months) and subsequent maintenance (7-18 months) were randomly assigned to either WLM3P or LCD groups.
Results: Of 112 randomized participants, 69% (n=77) completed the study. At 18 months, WL in the WLM3P group (n=40) was 15.5±8.3% compared to 9.6±8.5% in the LCD group (n=37) (p<0.001). The odds ratio of achieving WL≥10% and ≥15% were significantly higher in the WLM3P group at 18 months. Complete-case analysis revealed significantly greater improvements in BMI, body fat mass, visceral fat area, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, HDL, and triglyceride/HDL ratio in WLM3P than in LCD. No serious adverse events were reported.
Conclusion: Both programs were effective in promoting clinically relevant WL and its maintenance. However, the WLM3P program was more successful in helping participants achieve greater WL targets of ≥10% and ≥15%, along with other clinical benefits, after an 18-month intervention. Trial registration number: NCT04192357.
Plant-insect interaction from the Middle Jurassic Haifanggou Formaton in Huludao, western Liaoning and its geological implications
Authors: Na Yuling , Li Tao , Li Yunfeng , Sun Chunlin , Shi Xiao , Li Xuemei 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Numerous well-preserved fossil plants have been discovered from the Middle Jurassic Haifanggou Formation in Baimashi Village, Lianshan District, Huludao, Liaoning. To gain insights into the plant-insect interaction during the Middle Jurassic in western Liaoning, this paper aimed to identify and quantitatively analyze evidence of insect damage on fossil plant leaves from the Haifanggou Formation based on the previous systematic research. Seven insect damage types (DTs) assigned to three functional feeding groups (FFGs) were identified. Margin feeding was the most prevalent FFG, followed by hole feeding and surface feeding. It suggests that Orthoptera and Hymenoptera with chewing mouthparts were dominant during the Middle Jurassic in this area, with Hemiptera and Coleoptera also playing a significant role. The primary plant taxa targeted by insects was Ginkgophytes, followed by Pteridophytes, Cycadophytes and Czekanowskiales, while Cycadophytes exhibited the highest average percentage of damaged leaf perimeter and area. This could be attributed to the physical insect resistance mechanism of conifers, as well as the chemical defense capabilities of Pteridophytes and Ginkgophytes during the Middle Jurassic. Approximately 17.54% of the observed fossil plants showed traces of insect damage, indicating the active presence of insects in the area and a close relationship between plants and insects during the Middle Jurassic. Considering the climate-indicative insect damage types and the flora composition, it can be inferred that the climate in the Middle Jurassic northwestern Huludao was warm and humid, potentially accompanied by intermittent droughts.