bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Status of the SIRGAS Reference Frame: Recent Developments and New Challenges
Authors: Alves Costa Sonia M. , Sánchez Laura , Piñón Diego , Tarrio Mosquera José A. , Guimarães Gabriel , Gómez Demián D. , Drewes Hermann , Mackern Oberti María V. , Antokoletz Ezequiel D. , Matos Ana C. O. C. de , Blitzkow Denizar , Silva Alberto da , Inzunza Jesarella , España Draco , Rodríguez Oscar , Rozas-Bornes Sergio , Guagni Hernan , González Guido , Paucar-Llaja Oscar , Pampillón José M. , Alvarez-Calderón Álvaro 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn accordance with recent developments of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) and the policies promoted by the Subcommittee on Geodesy of the United Nations Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial Information Management (UN-GGIM), a main goal of the Geodetic Reference System for the Americas (SIRGAS) is the procurement of an integrated regional reference frame. This frame should support the precise determination of geocentric coordinates and also provide a unified physical reference frame for gravimetry, physical heights, and a geoid. The geometric reference frame is determined by a network of about 500 continuously operating GNSS stations, which are routinely processed by ten analysis centers. The GNSS solutions from the analysis centers are used to generate weekly station positions aligned to the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) and multi-year (cumulative) reference frame solutions. This processing is also the basis for the generation of precise tropospheric zenith path delays with an hourly sampling rate over the Americas. The reference frame for the determination of physical heights is a regional densification of the International Height Reference Frame (IHRF). Current efforts focus on the estimation and evaluation of potential values obtained from high resolution gravity field modelling, an activity tightly coupled with geoid determination. The gravity reference frame aims to be a regional densification of the International Terrestrial Gravity Reference Frame (ITGRF). Thus, SIRGAS activities are focused on evaluating the quality of existing absolute gravity stations and to identify regional gaps where additional absolute gravity stations are needed. Another main goal of SIRGAS is to promote the use of its geodetic reference frame at the national level and to support capacity building activities in the region. This paper summarizes key milestones in the establishment and maintenance of the SIRGAS reference frame and discusses current efforts and future challenges.
“I Had to Bear This Burden”: Youth Transcending Constraints to Become Farmers in Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Narayanan Sudha 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn the context of a wider trend in India of young people’s reluctance to pursue farming as an occupation, the experience of young farmers in Madhya Pradesh provides evidence to the contrary. This case study of two districts in Madhya Pradesh suggests that several young farmers, given a choice, would rather engage in agriculture as a full-time activity. In this, the main barriers for young farmers are in the form of larger constraints such as water availability, the quality of land, and these farmers’ limited ability to expand farm size through land purchase. To be sure, several young farmers feel stuck in agriculture and are waiting to find off-farm jobs. Even for this group of farmers, however, agriculture seems to provide a fallback option, in a context where these off-farm jobs are difficult to obtain and often are of poor quality. As in many other contexts, significant differences exist between young men and women in terms of their aspirations to become farmers and their ability to fulfill these aspirations.
Youth and Agriculture in Indonesia
Authors: Ambarwati Aprilia , Chazali Charina , Sadoko Isono , White Ben 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis chapter reflects on the changing place of young men and women in Indonesian agriculture, based on available secondary sources and some preliminary local-level studies. Contrary to general perceptions or expectations about youth, agriculture still employs a much higher proportion of young people than industry or any other sector, and this proportion has been relatively stable in recent years. The chapter first provides a general picture of agrarian structures in Indonesia. The next section summarizes what we know about the changing position of young men and women within these structures, including: the age and gender of farmers, modes of intergenerational transfer of farm land and property, young people’s apparent turn away from agriculture, patterns of rural youth mobility, agricultural education, and institutions representing rural youth interests. The main part of this chapter concludes with some reflections on policy. The final part then explains the selection of locations and the basic shared methodology for the three local case-study chapters that follow.
Young Farmers’ Access to Land: Gendered Pathways into and Out of Farming in Nigara and Langkap (West Manggarai, Indonesia)
Authors: Chazali Charina , Ambarwati Aprilia , Huijsmans Roy , White Ben 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis chapter describes rural young men and women’s pathways out of and (back) into farming in two villages in West Manggarai district, Flores island, Eastern Indonesia. The chapter has seven sections. First, we describe the methodology and our sample in the two sites. The second section then provides the geographical and social context and describes livelihood patterns in the research villages. Next, we present illustrative cases of young people’s pathways out of and (back) into farming, both young men and women, followed by an account of the tensions arising through the process of land transfer between generations in the fourth section. The fifth and sixth sections focus on young people’s farming practices and how the government supports young farmers. In the final section, we reflect on how gender, generation, and class combine to shape the pathways of young farmers out of and (back) into farming and their access to agrarian resources.
Pluriactive and Plurilocal: Young People’s Pathways Out of and into Farming in Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: White Ben , Wijaya Hanny 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this chapter we explore young people’s spatial and sectoral mobility, specifically their trajectories out of and into farming, in the Javanese village of Kaliloro, focusing on young men and women from small-farm and landless families who make up the majority of the population. The study is based on field research in Kaliloro in 1972–1973, 1999–2000, and 2016–2018 and thus provides the opportunity for an analysis with some historical depth.
Conclusion: Youth Aspirations, Trajectories, and Farming Futures
Authors: Akram-Lodhi A. Haroon , Huijsmans Roy 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis book commenced with a question of global importance: in a world in which farming populations are ageing, who is going to provide the planet’s peoples with the “sufficient, safe and nutritious food” that is needed to meet the “dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life” (FAO 2006)? In other words, where are the people who are needed to generationally renew farming? As explained in the introduction, addressing this question meant going against the grain of much research on youth and agriculture. Rather than seeking to understand youth’s apparent disinterest in farming and their exodus from the countryside, the research teams focused on those youth and young adults who stayed in, returned, or relocated to rural areas and were involved in farming (often alongside various other economic activities). Thereby, the case studies presented in this book have put in the spotlight the next generation of farmers. In this concluding chapter, we draw out some important issues emerging from across the chapters and reflect on key differences. This way, we reiterate the various pathways of becoming a farmer, the main challenges experienced by these young farming women and men, and the roles that policies and organizations could play in facilitating the process of becoming a farmer.
Impervious Odds and Complicated Legacies: Young People’s Pathways into Farming in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Jansen Travis , Srinivasan Sharada , Akram-Lodhi A. Haroon 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOntario is the most populated province in Canada and has some of its most productive agricultural soils. However, Ontario faces problems attracting youth into agriculture. Since 1991, the province has lost about two-thirds of its 18,440 young farmers, and less than 10 per cent of Ontario’s current farmers are under the age of 35. Part of these losses can be attributed to the challenges that Ontario’s youth face in becoming a farmer. To understand these challenges, it is necessary to understand the different pathways that young people take to becoming a farmer. By understanding these pathways, it becomes possible to create more opportunities and reduce the challenges that young people must overcome. This chapter will differentiate the pathways of entry into farming for young people in Ontario, highlighting differences in how they access resources, their motivations for farming, and the type of farming that they carry out. Understanding the unique circumstances facing Ontario’s young farmers can help identify ways to encourage young people to begin a career in farming.
Young Farmers and the Dynamics of Agrarian Transition in China
Authors: Pan Lu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFor a transformative country like China that still has a large rural population and significant agricultural sector, the role of young farmers in the future of the country’s agrarian transition has extraordinary importance. The social awareness of young farmers and their important role varies in China in the last decade depending on the dynamics of agrarian change and socio-economic transformations. This issue is particularly relevant in the second decade of the twentieth century when the government is actively encouraging young people to commit to agriculture and rural revitalization in China; farming families are in a period of increased opportunity but not without related challenges. This chapter begins with a brief review of agrarian transition in China before exploring the general situation of rural youth in terms of education, vocation, and social mobility in order to provide the reader with a comprehensive background of the situation for young farmers in China. Before concluding, the final section will address the demographic challenges of Chinese agriculture.
Chapter Fourteen: Intuition, Destiny, Love
Authors: Stroeken Koen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDating apps, quantum computation and election of the GOAT in any domain are three cases that illustrate the antagonism of simplex society with intuition and particularly with the claim to intuit destiny.The chapter takes its cue from the oldest remedy against simplex society. The magic of love, how could dating apps capture it? The apps are a cure worsening the problem because they enhance the simplex of chance. Intuition approaches love as destiny.Events should be situated in the middle between the given, the pregiven and the immitted. Intuition is the extent to which one captures that middle. It is the human sense of reality. Being conscious of an immission is pre-ception, perceiving an event before it occurs.
Chapter Four: The Human Experiment
Authors: Stroeken Koen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis chapter starts from the notorious Milgram experiment to find the historical and sociocultural origins of dehumanization described in the previous chapter. Delving into the unsteady edifice of simplexes on primitiveness and progress brings us to a default frame called ‘normality’ with neolithic origins and discriminating potential. We explore the genealogy of morbid energy condensed and transmitted across generations, from civilizational demonization to cultural essentialism and the superiority of the WEIRD. If we compare the usual suspect, enemy or witch in various societies, modern and premodern, it appears that the one we have to thank our life or welfare for comes to mind first as the cause of evil. The victim of simplication and exclusion is the very one on whose existence the ‘simplicator’ depends.
Understanding the open string pair production of the Dp/D0 system
Authors: Lu J. X. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Consider a system consisting of Dp and Dp′, placed parallel at a separation and with p − p′ = 2n (assuming p ≥ p′, the integer n ≥ 0 and p′ > 0). When either Dp or Dp′ carries a worldvolume electric flux, one in general expects a non-vanishing open string pair production due to the pair of virtual open string/anti open string connecting the two D branes under the action of the applied flux. However, this will not be true for p′ = 0 and p = 2, 4, 6 when the Dp carries a pure electric flux. In this note, we will explore the case for which a finite non-vanishing open string pair production rate can indeed be produced when a certain worldvolume flux is applied to the Dp brane and understand the physics behind.
Sharpening the A → Z(*)h signature of the Type-II 2HDM at the LHC through advanced Machine Learning
Authors: Esmail W. , Hammad A. , Moretti S. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The A → Z(*)h decay signature has been highlighted as possibly being the first testable probe of the Standard Model (SM) Higgs boson discovered in 2012 (h) interacting with Higgs companion states, such as those existing in a 2-Higgs Doublet Model (2HDM), chiefly, a CP-odd one (A). The production mechanism of the latter at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) takes place via $$ b\overline{b} $$
b

b
¯

-annihilation and/or gg-fusion, depending on the 2HDM parameters, in turn dictated by the Yukawa structure of this Beyond the SM (BSM) scenario. Among the possible incarnations of the 2HDM, we test here the so-called Type-II, for a twofold reason. On the one hand, it intriguingly offers two very distinct parameter regions compliant with the SM-like Higgs measurements, i.e., where the so-called ‘SM limit’ of the 2HDM can be achieved. On the other hand, in both configurations, the AZh coupling is generally small, hence the signal is strongly polluted by backgrounds, so that the exploitation of Machine Learning (ML) techniques becomes extremely useful. In this paper, we show that the application of advanced ML implementations can be decisive in establishing such a signal. This is true for all distinctive kinematical configurations involving the A → Z(*)h decay, i.e., below threshold (mA < mZ + mh), at its maximum (mZ + mh < mA < 2mt) and near the onset of $$ t\overline{t} $$
t

t
¯

pair production (mA ≈ 2mt), for which we propose Benchmark Points (BPs) for future phenomenological analyses.
Nearly Toroidal, Periodic and Quasi-periodic Motions of Fluid Particles Driven by the Gavrilov Solutions of the Euler Equations
Authors: Baldi Pietro 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe consider the smooth, compactly supported solutions of the steady 3D Euler equations of incompressible fluids constructed by Gavrilov (Geom Funct Anal (GAFA) 29(1):190–197, 2019), and we study the corresponding fluid particle dynamics. This is an ode analysis, which contributes to the description of Gavrilov’s vector field.
Non-invasive imaging of sympathetic innervation of the pancreas in individuals with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Vyakaranam Achyut Ram , Mahamed Maryama M. , Hellman Per , Eriksson Olof , Espes Daniel , Christoffersson Gustaf , Sundin Anders 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Compromised pancreatic sympathetic innervation has been suggested as a factor involved in both immune-mediated beta cell destruction and endocrine dysregulation of pancreatic islets. To further explore these intriguing findings, new techniques for in vivo assessment of pancreatic innervation are required. This is a retrospective study that aimed to investigate whether the noradrenaline (norepinephrine) analogue 11C-hydroxy ephedrine (11C-HED) could be used for quantitative positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of the sympathetic innervation of the human pancreas.

Methods
In 25 individuals with type 2 diabetes and 64 individuals without diabetes, all of whom had previously undergone 11C-HED-PET/CT because of pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma (or suspicion thereof), the 11C-HED standardised uptake value (SUVmean), 11C-HED specific binding index (SBI), pancreatic functional volume (FV, in ml), functional neuronal volume (FNV, calculated as SUVmean × FV), specific binding index with functional volume (SBI FV, calculated as SBI × FV) and attenuation on CT (HU) were investigated in the entire pancreas, and additionally in six separate anatomical pancreatic regions.

Results
Generally, 11C-HED uptake in the pancreas was high, with marked individual variation, suggesting variability in sympathetic innervation. Moreover, pancreatic CT attenuation (HU) (p<0.001), 11C-HED SBI (p=0.0049) and SBI FV (p=0.0142) were lower in individuals with type 2 diabetes than in individuals without diabetes, whereas 11C-HED SUVmean (p=0.15), FV (p=0.73) and FNV (p=0.30) were similar.

Conclusions/interpretation
We demonstrate the feasibility of using 11C-HED-PET for non-invasive assessment of pancreatic sympathetic innervation in humans. These findings warrant further prospective evaluation, especially in individuals with theoretical defects in pancreatic sympathetic innervation, such as those with type 1 diabetes.

Graphical Abstract
Time to treat the tendon rupture induced by surgery: early hypertrophy of the patellar tendon graft site predicts strong quadriceps after ACLR with bone‐patellar tendon‐bone autograft
Authors: Ito Naoaki , Sigurðsson Haraldur B. , Snyder‐Mackler Lynn , Grävare Silbernagel Karin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurposeQuadriceps dysfunction is ubiquitous after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, especially when using bone‐patellar tendon‐bone (BPTB) autografts. The role of patellar tendon hypertrophy after graft harvest on knee extensor strength is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive ability of patellar tendon (PT) and quadriceps muscle (Quad) cross‐sectional area (CSA) on knee extensor strength 1–2 months after ACLR using BPTB autografts.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional analysis of a cohort 1–2 months after ACLR using BPTB autograft. Peak knee extensor torque, and PT and Quad CSA measured using ultrasound imaging, were collected in 13 males and 14 females. Simple linear regressions compared quadriceps strength index (QI) against limb symmetry index (LSI) in PT and Quad CSA. Multiple linear regressions with sequential model comparisons predicting peak knee extensor torque were performed for each limb. The base model included demographics. Quad CSA was added in the first model, then PT CSA was added in the second model.ResultsBoth PT (p < 0.001, R2 = 0.693) and Quadriceps CSA (p = 0.013, R2 = 0.223) LSI had a positive linear relationship with QI. In the involved limb, addition of PT CSA significantly improved the model (R2 = 0.781, ΔR2 = 0.211, p for ΔR2 < 0.001). In the uninvolved limb, the addition of Quad CSA improved the model, but the addition of PT CSA did not.ConclusionPT LSI was more predictive of QI than Quad CSA LSI. Involved limb PT CSA mattered more in predicting peak knee extensor torque than did Quad CSA, but in the uninvolved limb, Quad CSA was the most important predictor of peak knee extensor torque. Graft site patellar tendon hypertrophy is key for strong quadriceps early after ACLR. Early targeted loading via exercise to promote healing of the graft site patellar tendon may bring patients a step closer to winning their battle against quadriceps dysfunction.Level of EvidenceLevel I.
Risk of anastomotic leakage with two-row versus three-row manual circular staplers in colorectal anastomosis: a U.S. cohort study
Authors: Wang Tongtong , Sadowsky Mordechai , Blakney Rebekah , Coplan Paul , Petraiuolo William , Soberman Mark , Tomaszewski Joerg , Rene Lexi , Wood Jennifer 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purposes
To compare the risk of anastomotic leak (AL) between Ethicon manual circular staplers (two-row) versus Medtronic EEA™ circular stapler with Tri-Staple™ technology (three-row) and between Medtronic EEA™ circular stapler with DST™ Series technology (two-row) versus Tri-Staple™ technology.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted in adult patients who underwent a left-sided colorectal surgery 2019–2022 in U.S. Premier Healthcare Database to assess the risk of AL within 30 days post-index procedure. The study devices were Ethicon manual circular staplers, Medtronic EEA™ circular stapler with DST™ technology, and Medtronic EEA™ circular stapler with Tri-Staple™ technology.

Results
Across 447 hospitals, the cumulative incidences (95% confidence intervals [CI]) of AL within 30 days post-index procedure were 7.78% (6.91–8.74%) among 8337 patients in the Ethicon manual circular stapler cohort, 7.54% (6.87–8.27%) among 7928 patients in the Medtronic EEA™ circular stapler with DST™ technology cohort, and 8.19% (6.57–10.07%) among 1306 patients in the Medtronic EEA™ circular stapler with Tri-Staple™ technology cohort. Comparative analyses revealed no difference comparing Ethicon manual circular staplers with Medtronic EEA™ circular staplers with Tri-Staple™ technology (risk ratio [RR], 0.72; 95% CI, 0.52–1.01) or comparing Medtronic EEA™ circular staplers with DST™ technology to Tri-Staple™ technology (RR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.53–1.06).

Conclusion
In this analysis of a large cohort of patients undergoing a left-sided colorectal surgery from a U.S. hospital database, the risk of AL observed with manual two-row circular staplers was similar to that seen with three-row devices. This study affirms the safety of manual two-row circular staplers in colorectal anastomosis.
Whole grain intake, diet quality and risk factors of chronic diseases: results from a population-based study in Finnish adults
Authors: Tammi Rilla , Männistö Satu , Maukonen Mirkka , Kaartinen Niina E. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Better diet quality of whole grain consumers could contribute to the associations between whole grain intake and chronic disease risk factors. We examined whole grain intake in relation to diet quality and chronic disease risk factors (anthropometrics, blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein and glucose) and the role of diet quality in whole grains’ associations with each risk factor.

Methods
Our data included 5094 Finnish adults who completed a validated food frequency questionnaire and participated in a health examination within the National FinHealth 2017 Study. We assessed diet quality by the modified Baltic Sea Diet Score. P trends were calculated across whole grain intake quintiles by linear regression analysis. Interactions were assessed by including an interaction term in the analyses.

Results
Higher whole grain intake was associated with slightly better diet quality compared with lower intakes in both sexes (P < 0.001). Whole grain intake was inversely associated with body mass index (P < 0.001), waist circumference (P < 0.001) and total cholesterol (P = 0.02) in men. Adjusting for medication use attenuated the inverse associations with diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.06) and HDL cholesterol (P = 0.14) in men. We observed no associations in women. Diet quality did not modify the associations between whole grain intake and chronic disease risk factors.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that whole grain intake was associated with small improvements in the chronic disease risk factors in men, regardless of diet quality. The sex differences may arise from varying health associations of whole grains from different cereal sources.