bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation and Optimization of Adjacent Tunnel Light Environment Scheme to Low Carbon
Authors: Yu Yingxia , Gu Haoyu , Liang Bin , Sun Qianyi , Zou Junjie 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe distance between adjacent tunnels is relatively small, and the driver passes through the alternating light environment for a short time, which poses great safety hazards to driving. Guided by the low‐carbon concept, it is of great significance to find an optimized light environment solution that integrates safety, low‐carbon, and economy. Based on the adjacent tunnel between Shuigou River and Songjiawa, this article evaluates and optimizes traditional lighting schemes and sunshade schemes from the above three aspects. The results show that the overall uniformity of road surface luminance for both schemes is greater than 0.313, which meets the regulatory requirements and is a feasible solution. Compared to traditional lighting schemes, the sunshade scheme reduces carbon emissions by 37.23% throughout its lifecycle, and reduces the present value of its lifecycle costs by 19.51%. From a comprehensive evaluation of the life cycle, the sunshade scheme is superior to the traditional lighting scheme.
How many people in the US are eligible for and respond to checkpoint inhibitors: An empirical analysis
Authors: Haslam Alyson , Olivier Timothée , Prasad Vinay 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn 2018, we estimated that eligibility for and response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapies were 44% and 12%, respectively. Since these estimates were published, there have been additional approvals. We sought to provide updated estimates of the percentage of patients with advanced and/or metastatic cancers in the US who are eligible for and respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Using a cross‐sectional analysis (2011–2023) of US Food and Drug Administration approvals (FDA) and deaths reported by the American Cancer Society, we estimated the percentage of patients in the US with advanced or metastatic cancers who are eligible and respond to ICI therapies and the long‐term response of ICI drugs. Eleven ICI drugs have been approved for 20 tumor types in the metastatic setting. The estimated eligibility for ICIs increased from 1.54% in 2011 to 56.55% in 2023. The estimated response to ICIs increased from 0.14% in 2011 to 20.13% in 2023. The tumor types with the highest contribution to response and eligibility estimates in 2023 were non‐small‐cell lung cancer with PD‐L1 expression ≤50% and PD‐L1 expression >50%. Sixteen drug approvals had long‐term progression‐free survival (PFS) data available at 3 years follow‐up, and 2 had PFS data at 5 years follow‐up. Estimated eligibility and response have increased over time, but many people with advanced or metastatic cancers are currently ineligible for ICIs. Only about one‐fifth of the patients will respond. Given the wide range of uses, the cost implications of ICIs globally are large.
Identification of a Novel ATP7A Variant in a Chinese Boy With Developmental Delay and Epilepsy
Authors: Zhou Yun , Wu Junhua , Xu Jian , Tu Youquan , Huang Minghai , Fang Chunyan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTMenkes disease (MD) is a rare X‐linked recessive syndrome that is caused by mutations in the ATP7A gene, which encodes the P‐type ATP enzyme. The ATP7A gene encodes 1500 amino acids and is expressed in a number of organs, including the brain, muscles, kidneys and lungs. ATP7A transports copper between cell membranes using energy generated by ATP hydrolysis. Patients with the pathogenic variant in the ATP7A gene exhibit a distinctive pattern of severe neurodegeneration, which is often accompanied by specific alterations in hair morphology. The clinical manifestations of MD have been attributed to the dysfunction of copper‐dependent enzymes. Here, we report a 7‐month‐old boy with MD associated with a novel variant of ATP7A (c.1965_1973del, p.Val656_Leu658del). Genetic testing revealed that both his mother and grandmother had identical ATP7A mutations, and we studied this family to better understand the natural history of this syndrome. In this article, we report for the first time the novel mutation in the ATP7A gene in a Chinese family. In our case, he suffers from simian line, developmental delay, epilepsy, hair changes (short, thin, thick, twisted, often light‐coloured), decreased muscle tone, joint relaxation, brain vessel distortion, low serum copper, ceruloplasmin, elevated lactate and an abnormal EEG. Because of its rarity, MD is easily to be misdiagnosed.
Knowledge, Behaviours, and Attitudes of Family Physicians and Residents About Autism Spectrum Disorder in Turkey: A Descriptive Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Erzurumluoğlu Fatmanur , Gümüştakım Raziye Şule , Kuş Celal , Arslan Semiha Cömertoğlu 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a growing social health issue. Primary healthcare institutions are where children most commonly seek help, and family physicians in primary care play a crucial role in early ASD detection. This study aims to assess the knowledge level, behaviours, and attitudes of family physicians and family medicine residents across Turkey, identify factors affecting their knowledge, and raise awareness among physicians.Subject and MethodsThis descriptive cross‐sectional study was conducted between March and June 2022, with the participation of family medicine specialists, residents, and practicing physicians in Turkey. A 50‐question survey was administered face‐to‐face and digitally. The survey comprised 31 questions on sociodemographic information, factors influencing knowledge, attitudes and behaviours about ASD. The second part included a 19‐question “Knowledge about childhood autism among health workers” (KCAHW) questionnaire.ResultsThe study included 392 physicians with a mean age of 32.8 ± 7.9; 60.7% were women. Among the participants, 50.3% were family medicine residents, 21.7% were family medicine specialists, 17.0% were family physicians and 11.0% were contracted family medicine residents. The physicians' mean KCAHW score was 14.1 ± 2.6. Screening for ASD and following ASD were significantly associated with the perception of knowledge level (p = 0.004; p = 0.028, respectively). A statistically significant relationship was found between paediatric rotation, education about ASD, patient follow‐ups and the KCAHW scores. Moreover, 98.2% of physicians believed children with ASD should receive special education, while 79.6% thought ASD carried a social stigma, and 52% believed an ASD diagnosis could lead to discrimination.ConclusionThe study found that participants lacked knowledge about comorbidities with ASD, atypical presentations of ASD, and guiding individuals with ASD. However, having a paediatric rotation, receiving ASD training and following up on children with ASD were associated with increased knowledge levels. Screening for and following up on children with ASD also boosted physicians' self‐confidence.
Surfactant‐Free Stable Aqueous Shortwave Infrared Amphiphilic π‐Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles
Authors: Schiza Andriana , Nega Alkmini , Dimitrakopoulou‐Strauss Antonia , Gregoriou Vasilis G. , Chochos Christos L. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractNovel amphiphilic π‐conjugated polymer nanoparticles tailored to efficiently absorb in the near‐infrared II (NIR‐II) region of the electromagnetic spectrum (>1000 nm) are presented. To achieve this, it is statistically introduced triethylene glycol substituted bithiophene moieties in various contents into a polymer backbone consisting of alternating thiophene and [1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4‐g]quinoxaline. Through systematic modifications of monomer ratios, four amphiphilic conjugated polymers are produced. The presence of hydrophilic side chain, like triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, enhanced the polymer's concentration in aqueous media of up to 470%, versus the D‐A thiophene and [1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4‐g]quinoxaline hydrophobic analog polymer, enabling the production of surfactant‐free conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) with higher concentrations (20.3 ppm maximum). Subsequently, the impact of this structural fine‐tuning on the optical properties of the polymers and their corresponding CPNs are meticulous investigated. In both cases, it is identified the minimum bithiophene content that maintained the absorption spectra above 1000 nm at significantly higher concentrations. So, these findings contribute to the extensive prospects of these materials in multiple fields including biomedical and optoelectronic applications.
Two‐Step Synthesis of a Pullulan‐Derived Polymeric Fluorophore with Metal Ion Sensing Abilities
Authors: Trifan Ioana‐Sabina , Biliuta Gabriela , Murariu Mioara , Coseri Sergiu 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMetal ions, which are naturally occurring in food, soil, and water, are present in every part of the environment. Therefore, it is imperative to identify those using accessible and economical methods. In this study, a novel two‐step chemical modification process for pullulan, a natural polymer, is presented. This process yields a macromolecular derivative with considerably increased fluorescence, enabling efficient detection of specific metal ions. Furthermore, the recently synthesized polymer displays distinctly divergent characteristics in comparison with the native pullulan, a consequence of the undergone chemical reactions. These include the existence of fluorescence and solubility in organic solvents, which are lacking from the initial polymer. Subsequent to exhaustive thermal and spectral analysis, the synthesized polymer's capacity to discern disparate metal ions is investigated. The interaction between metal ions and the pullulan derivative is monitored to ascertain the extent of fluorescence quenching during this process. The synthesized polymer exhibits the greatest sensitivity to Fe3+ and Cu2+ among the various cations that are examined, while Pb2+ and the other ions demonstrate satisfactory results. The paper also discusses the underlying quenching mechanism and possible future applications.
Free Volume Space of Polymers as a New Functional Nanospace: Synthesis of Guest Polymers
Authors: Hirai Sayaka , Sakuma Tomoki , Tokura Yuki , Imai Hiroaki , Seishima Ryo , Shigeta Kohei , Okabayashi Koji , Oaki Yuya 
Published: January 2025

AbstractNanospace has been used as a specific field for syntheses and assemblies of molecules, polymers, and materials. Free volume space among polymer chains is related to their properties, such as permeation of gas and small molecules. However, the void has not been used as a functional nanospace in previous works. The present work shows synthesis of guest conductive polymers in free volume space of conventional synthetic resins and rubbers as a new nanospace. Vapor of heteroaromatic monomer and oxidative agent is diffused into the soft dynamic nanospace among the polymer chains under ambient pressure at low temperature. The oxidative polymerization provides the conductive polymers, such as polypyrrole (PPy), in the free volume space of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polypropylene (PP), silicone rubber (SR), and polyurethane rubber (PU). The ratio of the free volume decreases with the infiltration of the conductive polymers. The composites exhibit the improved mechanical and gas barrier properties. The rubbers containing PPy are used as mechanical‐stress sensors with both the conductivity and flexibility. The free volume space of resins and rubbers can be used as a new dynamic nanospace for synthesis of functional polymer composites.
Exploration of the Global Minimum and Conical Intersection with Bayesian Optimization
Authors: Somaki Riho , Inagaki Taichi , Hatanaka Miho 
Published: January 2025

AbstractConventional molecular geometry searches on a potential energy surface (PES) utilize energy gradients from quantum chemical calculations. However, replacing energy calculations with noisy quantum computer measurements generates errors in the energies, which makes geometry optimization using the energy gradient difficult. One gradient‐free optimization method that can potentially solve this problem is Bayesian optimization (BO). To use BO in geometry search, an acquisition function (AF), which involves an objective variable, must be defined suitably. In this study, we propose a strategy for geometry searches using BO and examine the appropriate AFs to explore two critical structures: the global minimum (GM) on the singlet ground state (S0) and the most stable conical intersection (CI) point between S0 and the singlet excited state. We applied our strategy to two molecules and located the GM and the most stable CI geometries with high accuracy for both molecules. We also succeeded in the geometry searches even when artificial random noises were added to the energies to simulate geometry optimization using noisy quantum computer measurements.
Wideband RCS Reduction of Microstrip Patch Antenna Using Quaternionic Metasurface
Authors: Patel Krunal 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a novel microstrip patch antenna with a quaternionic metasurface. The quaternionic metasurface is designed using a pair of polarization conversion metasurface unit cells and the other pair of artificial magnetic conductor unit cells. The designed metasurface is used to reduce the radar signature of a microstrip patch antenna. The designed quaternionic metasurface shows an overall RCS reduction bandwidth of 115.62% over the frequency range of 6.55–24.5 GHz and 10‐dB RCS reduction bandwidth of 65.86% over the frequency range of 8.3–16.45 GHz. The designed low RCS microstrip patch antenna using quaternionic metasurface shows overall RCS reduction bandwidth from 6.8 to 24.4 GHz (112.82%) as compared with the metallic plate and the reference patch for TE mode. It shows 10 dB RCS reduction bandwidth from 8.31 to 9.85 GHz (16.96%) and 12.38 to 16.34 GHz (27.58%) when compared with the reference patch for TE mode. Considering TM mode, the overall RCS reduction is obtained from 6.9 to 24 GHz (110.68%) as compared with the reference patch antenna. A total of 10 dB RCS reduction is observed over the frequency band of 8.4–9.89 GHz (16.29%) and 12.4–16.87 GHz (30.54%) as compared with the conventional patch antenna in the same plane. The low RCS patch antenna shows off remarkable in‐band and out‐of‐band RCS reduction. The proposed concept gives wide RCS reduction bandwidth that may not be obtained by the low RCS metasurface designed by only PCM or AMC unit cells.
A straightforward approach for 3D single‐shot arterial spin labeling‐based brain perfusion imaging: Preventing artifacts due to signal fluctuations
Authors: Zhu Dan , Xu Feng , Liu Dapeng , Qin Qin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPurposeThe present work aims to evaluate the performance of three‐dimensional (3D) single‐shot stack‐of‐spirals turbo FLASH (SOS‐TFL) acquisition for pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling (PCASL) and velocity‐selective ASL (VSASL)–based cerebral blood flow (CBF) mapping, as well as VSASL‐based cerebral blood volume (CBV) mapping.MethodsDigital phantom simulations were conducted for both multishot echo planar imaging and spiral trajectories with intershot signal fluctuations. PCASL‐derived CBF (PCASL‐CBF), VSASL‐derived CBF (VSASL‐CBF), and CBV (VSASL‐CBV) were all acquired using 3D multishot gradient and spin‐echo and SOS‐TFL acquisitions following background suppression. Both simulation and in vivo images were compared between multishot and single‐shot compressed sensing–regularized sensitivity encoding (CS‐SENSE) reconstructions.ResultsArtifacts were observed in both simulated multishot echo planar imaging and spiral readouts, as well as in in vivo multishot ASL perfusion images. A high correlation was found between the levels of signal fluctuations among interleaves and the severity of artifacts in both simulated and in vivo data. Image artifacts were more apparent in the inferior region of the brain, especially in CBF scans. These artifacts were effectively eliminated when single‐shot CS‐SENSE reconstruction was applied to the same data set.ConclusionASL images obtained from 3D segmented gradient and spin‐echo or SOS‐TFL acquisitions can exhibit artifacts caused by signal fluctuations among different shots, which persist even after the application of background suppression pulses. In contrast, these artifacts were prevented when single‐shot CS‐SENSE reconstruction was applied to the same SOS‐TFL data set.
Simultaneous whole‐brain and cervical spine imaging at 7 T using a neurovascular head and neck coil with 8‐channel transceiver array and 56‐channel receiver array
Authors: Baskaran Divya , Ding Belinda , Chu Son , McElhinney Paul , Allwood‐Spiers Sarah , Williams Sydney N. , Muir Keith , Fullerton Natasha Eileen , Andrew Porter David , Gunamony Shajan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPurposeTo develop a 7T neurovascular head and neck (NVHN) coil with an extended longitudinal coverage of the brain and cervical spine, with eight transceiver (TxRx) channels and 56 receive (Rx) channels for dynamic parallel‐transmit (pTx) applications.MethodsA dual‐row transceiver array with six elements in the upper row and two elements in the lower row was designed using combined electromagnetic and circuit optimization and constructed. A 56Rx array covering the brain and cervical spine was designed and combined with the transceiver array. The performance of the 8TxRx56Rx NVHN coil such as , signal‐to‐noise ratio, and g‐factor were validated in phantom and in vivo studies and compared with an in‐house 8Tx64Rx head coil. High‐resolution in vivo images were acquired with the NVHN and head coil.ResultsThe average in phantom while exciting the upper six channels and all eight channels are 43.45 nT/V and 45.80 nT/V, respectively, demonstrating that the available field is seamlessly distributed in the brain and/or cervical spine, depending on the chosen excitation. The 8TxRx56Rx NVHN coil increases the SNR in the cervical spine and central brain by a factor of 2.18 and 1.16, respectively, compared with the 8Tx64Rx head coil. Furthermore, it demonstrates similar 1/g‐factor performance for acceleration factors up to 5 × 5 compared with the head coil and provides diagnostic‐quality images of the brain and spinal cord in a single acquisition.ConclusionThe extended longitudinal coverage of the NVHN coil promises to improve the clinical application of the current generation of pTx 7T MRI systems with 8Tx channels.
Impact of recyclate quality and functional barrier layers on the performance of LDPE in food packaging
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Smarak , Sharmin Nusrat , Radusin Tanja , Pettersen Marit Kvalvåg 
Published: January 2025

AbstractLow‐density polyethylene (LDPE) is one of the most used polyolefins for food packaging applications. However, there are food safety concerns and challenges to recycle it back to food contact material. The present study compares the thermal, mechanical, and barrier properties, contact angle, color, and structural properties (Fourier transfer infrared) between virgin LDPE and two recycled qualities of LDPE, without and with functional barrier layers (ABA structure). In addition, migration analysis and food contact interaction study were also conducted. Thermal‐induced degradation resulting from chain scission was observed in the recycled LDPE. However, the thermal behavior of the recycled films was not affected by the quality of the recyclate. On the other hand, the quality of the recyclate had a significant effect on both the mechanical and barrier properties. The tensile strength and oxygen permeability of the films were affected by the type of recyclate. The addition of LDPE as functional barrier layers in the multilayer films increased the tensile strength, while high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) did not have any additional effect on the mechanical properties. The presence of HDPE did not have any effect as a barrier layer on the permeability, irrespective of the recyclate quality. No difference in the contact angle and structure was observed between the virgin and recycled LDPE. The effect of functional barrier layers on the migration of nonvolatile compounds was not conclusive from the chromatographic analysis. The simple odor/flavor evaluation indicated that cheese in contact with the recycled LDPE without functional barrier layers resulted in higher perception of chemical/plastic flavor compared to the virgin, and the odor was apparently lower when adding LDPE as a barrier layer, while HDPE had no additional effect.Highlights
Multilayered films were prepared from virgin and two recycled low‐density polyethylene with and without a barrier layer.
The recyclate quality showed a significant effect on the mechanical and barrier properties.
Recyclate quality has a significant effect on the organoleptic properties of food.
Low‐density polyethylene as a functional barrier has a positive effect on the mechanical properties.
The barrier layers were effective against migration of volatiles from recyclates to food contact material.
High‐strength, tough, and hygrothermal aging‐resistant UV cationic‐cured epoxy resin improved by castor oil fatty acid
Authors: Fan Yecheng , Chen Shiyu , Xu Zhaoran , Shen Peipei , Guo Xuewen , Quan Yiwu 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis work investigated the effect of toughening agents on the hygrothermal aging resistance of ultraviolet (UV) cationic‐cured epoxy resin 3,4‐epoxycyclohexymethyl‐3′,4′‐epoxycyclohexyl carboxylate (CE). After being toughened by polycaprolactone diol (PCL), the resulting epoxy sample (PCL‐CE) exhibited excellent toughness but poor hygrothermal aging resistance, with a tensile strength of 39.8 MPa and elongation at break of 16.9%. After being toughened by poly(tetramethylene ether glycol) (PTMG), the resulting epoxy sample (PTMG‐CE) showed good hygrothermal aging resistance but limited toughness, with a tensile strength of 33.9 MPa and elongation at break of 8.2%. Another epoxy sample (COFA‐CE) was prepared by introducing hydrophobic castor oil fatty acid (COFA) into CE, which combined the high toughness of PCL‐CE and the hygrothermal aging resistance of PTMG‐CE, reaching a tensile strength of 47.8 MPa and elongation at break of 12.9%. After 72 h of hygrothermal aging at 50°C and 100% RH, COFA‐CE retained 46.9% and 88.8% of its original tensile strength and storage modulus, respectively. These were higher than the values retained by PCL‐CE (16.6% and 49.9%) and PTMG‐CE (44.5% and 77.7%). Finally, the hygrothermal aging study revealed that the performance of the epoxy samples degraded due to plasticization caused by moisture absorption, but the properties could be recovered after drying.Highlights
Castor oil fatty acid (COFA) was employed to modify UV‐cured epoxy resin (CE).
The pre‐reaction between COFA and CE increased their compatibility.
Epoxy sample COFA‐CE showed a high toughness and hygrothermal aging resistance.