bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An innovative transfer DNA experimental design and qPCR assay to identify primary, secondary, and tertiary DNA transfer
Authors: McCrane Samantha M. , Mulligan Connie J. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract“Touch DNA” is a form of trace DNA that is presumed to be deposited when an individual touches something and leaves behind DNA‐containing skin cells, sweat, or other fluids. While touch DNA is often the result of direct contact (i.e., primary transfer), it can also be indirectly transferred between surfaces or individuals (e.g., secondary or tertiary transfer). Even experts cannot distinguish between different types of transfer and do not fully understand which variables affect direct versus indirect transfer or how often each type of transfer occurs. In this study, we utilize an innovative protocol that combines a paired male and female transfer DNA experimental design with an Amelogenin qPCR assay to generate data on primary, secondary, and tertiary DNA transfer. We report frequencies of indirect DNA transfer and also investigate the potential effects of participant age, self‐identified ethnicity, and skin conditions on DNA transfer. Out of 22 experimental trials, we detected primary transfer (male + female) in 71% of trials, secondary DNA transfer in 50% of trials, and tertiary DNA transfer in 27% of trials. No significant associations were found between primary DNA transfer and age, self‐identified ancestry, or skin conditions, however, all individuals with sloughing skin conditions demonstrated primary DNA transfer and we suggest this variable be explored in larger samples. These results contribute to a better understanding of the conditions under which secondary and tertiary DNA transfer occurs and can be used to propose realistic DNA transfer scenarios in court cases.
Effect of abrocitinib on skin biomarkers in patients with moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis
Authors: Guttman‐Yassky Emma , Facheris Paola , Gomez‐Arias Pedro Jesus , Del Duca Ester , Da Rosa Joel Correa , Weidinger Stephan , Bissonnette Robert , Armstrong April W. , Seneschal Julien , Eyerich Kilian , Estrada Yeriel D. , Bose Swaroop N. , Xu Dan , Chen Allshine , Tatulych Svitlana , Güler Erman , Chan Gary , Page Karen M. , Kerkmann Urs 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis is the first report on the effects of abrocitinib, a Janus kinase 1–selective inhibitor, on the expression of skin biomarkers in patients with moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis (AD).MethodsJADE MOA (NCT03915496) was a double‐blind Phase 2a trial. Adults were randomly assigned 1:1:1 to receive monotherapy with once‐daily abrocitinib 200 mg, abrocitinib 100 mg, or placebo for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was change from baseline in markers of inflammation (matrix metalloproteinase [MMP]‐12), epidermal hyperplasia (keratin‐16 [KRT16]), T‐helper 2 (Th2) immune response (C‐C motif chemokine ligand [CCL]17, CCL18, and CCL26), and Th22 immune response (S100 calcium binding protein A8, A9, and A12 [S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12]) in skin through 12 weeks.ResultsA total of 46 patients received abrocitinib 200 mg (n = 14), abrocitinib 100 mg (n = 16), or placebo (n = 16). Abrocitinib improved AD clinical signs and reduced itch. Gene expression of MMP‐12, KRT16, S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12 was significantly decreased from baseline with abrocitinib 200 mg (at Weeks 2, 4, and 12) and abrocitinib 100 mg (at Weeks 4 and 12) in a dose‐dependent manner. Abrocitinib 200 mg resulted in significant decreases from baseline in CCL17 expression at Week 12 and CCL18 expression at Weeks 2, 4, and 12; no significant decreases were observed for CCL26.ConclusionsAlongside improvements in clinical signs and symptoms of AD, 12 weeks of abrocitinib treatment resulted in downregulation of genes associated with inflammation, epidermal hyperplasia, and Th2 and Th22 immune responses in the skin of patients with moderate‐to‐severe AD.
Response of herbaceous functional types and woody vegetation to selective shrub control on wildlife and cattle ranches in a semi‐arid savanna
Authors: Marquart Arnim , van Coller Helga , van Staden Nanette , Kellner Klaus 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimsShrub encroachment is a major challenge for livestock and wildlife management in semi‐arid savannas. Shrub removal by land managers is widespread, but the long‐term effects on vegetation structure and composition, which determine carrying capacity for herbivores, are poorly documented. This study aims to examine the effects of selective shrub removal to guide vegetation management in key land uses of semi‐arid African savannas.QuestionsVegetation responses were assessed across land uses and treatments to answer the following questions: (1) does shrub removal increase the frequency of palatable plants and therefore herbivore‐carrying capacity; (2) does selective shrub removal decrease woody vegetation structure 15 years after application; and (3) how do these effects differ between cattle and wildlife ranching?LocationMolopo region of the North West Province, South Africa.MethodsHerbaceous and woody vegetations were sampled within six transects each of three wildlife ranches and three cattle ranches in areas that had either been selectively shrub‐controlled with herbicides 10–15 years previously or left untreated. To quantify effects of woody shrub control on herbaceous functional‐group abundances and assemblages, tree equivalents, regrowth rate, and shrub abundance, we compared these variables across two treatments (treated and untreated) and land uses. Data were analysed using GLMMs, NMDS ordinations, PERMANOVA, and SIMPER.ResultsSelective shrub control effectively improved palatable herbaceous vegetation, especially on cattle ranches. Especially abundance of perennial grass was higher on wildlife ranches compared to cattle ranches. Tree equivalent was higher in untreated compared to treated plots, and these differences were more pronounced on wildlife ranches than on cattle ranches.ConclusionssSelective shrub removal improved the palatable herbaceous layer for both wildlife and cattle ranching and can be considered an effective management strategy in semi‐arid rangelands.
Berberine attenuates cognitive dysfunction and hippocampal apoptosis in rats with prediabetes
Authors: Wu Lan , Meng Xiang‐jian , Xu Tian‐bao , Zhang Xian‐cui , Zhou Yong , Tong Zhu‐feng , Jiang Jing‐han 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe cognitive dysfunction caused by prediabetes causes great difficulties in human life, and the terrible thing is that the means to prevent the occurrence of this disease are very limited at present, Berberine has shown the potential to treat diabetes and cognitive dysfunction, but it still needs to be further explored to clarify the mechanism of its therapeutic effect. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of Berberine on prediabetes‐induced cognitive dysfunction. Prediabetes rat model was induced by a high‐fat diet and a normal diet was used as a control. They were fed for 20 weeks. At week 13, the model rats were given 100 mg/kg Berberine by gavage for 7 weeks. The cognitive function of rats was observed. At the same time, OGTT, fasting blood glucose, blood lipids, insulin and other metabolic parameters, oxidative stress, and apoptosis levels were measured. The results showed that the model rats showed obvious glucose intolerance, elevated blood lipids, and insulin resistance, and the levels of oxidative stress and apoptosis were significantly increased. However, after the administration of Berberine, the blood glucose and lipid metabolism of prediabetic rats were significantly improved, and the oxidative stress level and apoptosis level of hippocampal tissue were significantly reduced. In conclusion, Berberine can alleviate the further development of diabetes in prediabetic rats, reduce oxidative stress and apoptosis in hippocampal tissue, and improve cognitive impairment in prediabetic rats.
Alveolar ridge changes 1‐year after early implant placement, with or without alveolar ridge preservation at single‐implant sites in the aesthetic region: A secondary analysis of radiographic and profilometric outcomes from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Strauss Franz Josef , Fukuba Shunsuke , Naenni Nadja , Jung Ronald , Jonker Brend , Wolvius Eppo , Pijpe Justin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo assess both the radiographic and profilometric outcomes of early implant placement with or without alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) (using two different ARP techniques) after 1 year of loading.Materials and MethodsSeventy‐five patients with a failing single tooth in the anterior maxilla were randomly allocated to three groups (1:1:1): (a) ARP using demineralized bovine bone mineral containing 10% collagen (DBBM‐C) covered by a collagen matrix (CM), (b) ARP using DBBM‐C covered with a palatal graft (PG), and (c) unassisted socket healing (control). Eight weeks after tooth extraction, early implant placement was performed in all patients. Cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) and impressions were taken 8 weeks after tooth extraction (ARP/unassisted healing) prior to implant placement and 1‐year post‐loading. Radiographic and profilometric outcomes were evaluated.ResultsOut of the 70 patients available for re‐examination at 1‐year post‐loading, 55 datasets could be assessed (ARP‐CM 19; ARP‐PG 17; Control 19). The need for additional guided bone regeneration (GBR) at implant placement amounted to 31.6% (ARP‐CM), 29.4% (ARP‐PG), and 68.4% (unassisted healing). Adjusted models revealed that residual buccal bone height and additional GBR at implant placement significantly influenced the magnitude of the alveolar changes at 1 year (p < 0.05). In patients with ARP (group ARP‐CM or ARP‐PG) without additional GBR, the presence of bone convexity amounted to 36.0% (9/25) at 1‐year post‐loading. For patients that received ARP and additional GBR at implant placement, the frequency of bone convexity increased to 72.7% (8/11) (p = 0.042). Regarding profilometric measurements, a tendency toward agreement with radiographic outcomes was observed.ConclusionsEarly implant placement with ARP can attenuate alveolar ridge changes at 1‐year post loading by minimizing both radiographic and profilometric alterations. However, early implant placement with simultaneous GBR consistently yields superior radiographic and profilometric outcomes, regardless of whether ARP is performed.
Longitudinal associations between lie evaluations and frequency: The moderating role of age
Authors: Dykstra Victoria W. , Willoughby Teena , Evans Angela D. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWhile previous studies have demonstrated correlations between children and adolescents’ evaluations of lies and lie‐telling behaviors, the temporal order of these associations over time and changes across this developmental period remain unexamined. The current study examined longitudinal associations among children and adolescents’ (N = 1128; Mage = 11.54, SD = 1.68, 49.80% male, and 83.6% white) evaluations of lies to parents for autonomy and lie‐telling frequency to parents and friends. Autoregressive cross‐lagged analysis revealed longitudinal associations moderated by age. Among children, evaluations of lies predicted greater lie‐telling rates over time. Conversely, among adolescents, lie‐telling frequency predicted lie evaluations over time, and evaluations predicted lying to parents over time. These results demonstrate a novel developmental pattern of the associations between moral evaluations of lies and lie‐telling.Research Highlights
Children and adolescents’ evaluations of lie‐telling and lie‐telling frequency were associated longitudinally, but the direction of this association was moderated by age.
Among children, more positive lie evaluations predicted greater lie‐telling to parents and friends over time.
Among adolescents, more positive lie evaluations predicted lying more often to parents over time; lying more to parents and friends predicted more positive evaluations over time.
These findings suggest a novel developmental pattern regarding the temporal order of the association between evaluations of lie‐telling and lie‐telling frequency.
Gendered professions, prestigious professions: When stereotypes condition career choices
Authors: Jaoul‐Grammare Magali 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDespite social changes and the opening up of all professions to men and women, society continues to adhere to many stereotypes, and many professions are still considered to be feminine or masculine. In addition to gendered representations of occupations, there are also social representations linked to the social prestige associated with a profession. These two elements shape the study and professional choices of individuals. Based on this observation, the aim of this article is twofold: I study individuals' perceptions of various professions and I analyse the influence of theses perceptions on their choice of orientation. I use a questionnaire administered to secondary school pupils and students. The results obtained show a differentiated influence of stereotypes on career plans. It also appears that individuals tend to underrate the professions they consider ‘feminine’.
Determinants of outcomes and advances in CD19‐directed chimeric antigen receptor therapy for B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Gupta Supriya , Kohorst Mira , Alkhateeb Hassan B. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRelapsed and refractory B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL) is an aggressive B‐cell neoplasm associated with poor outcomes. Conventional multiagent chemotherapy and bispecific antibody therapy may induce remission; however, relapse rates remain high and overall survival is poor. Chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell (CAR‐T) therapy provides durable, deep complete remission, and long‐term cures in relapsed and refractory B‐ALL. However, with this new treatment modality, 10%–30% of patients do not achieve remission, and over 50% experience relapse after therapy. Currently, there are two approved CD19‐specific CAR‐T cell constructs in B‐ALL, Tisagenlecleucel and Brexucabtagene Autoleucel by the United States Food and Drug Administration, and the European Medicines Agency (EMA). In this review, we discuss patients, disease, and CAR‐T predictors of outcomes in B‐ALL. We describe the two approved CD19‐directed CAR‐T cell products, review the current literature, and discuss factors associated with high risks of therapy failure and future direction in CAR‐T cell therapy for B‐ALL.
Neurophysiological measures and correlates of cognitive load in attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and dyslexia: A scoping review and research recommendations
Authors: Le Cunff Anne‐Laure , Dommett Eleanor , Giampietro Vincent 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWorking memory is integral to a range of critical cognitive functions such as reasoning and decision‐making. Although alterations in working memory have been observed in neurodivergent populations, there has been no review mapping how cognitive load is measured in common neurodevelopmental conditions such as attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and dyslexia. This scoping review explores the neurophysiological measures used to study cognitive load in these specific populations. Our findings highlight that electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are the most frequently used methods, with a limited number of studies employing functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRs), magnetoencephalography (MEG) or eye‐tracking. Notably, eye‐related measures are less commonly used, despite their prominence in cognitive load research among neurotypical individuals. The review also highlights potential correlates of cognitive load, such as neural oscillations in the theta and alpha ranges for EEG studies, blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) responses in lateral and medial frontal brain regions for fMRI and fNIRS studies and eye‐related measures such as pupil dilation and blink rate. Finally, critical issues for future studies are discussed, including the technical challenges associated with multimodal approaches, the possible impact of atypical features on cognitive load measures and balancing data richness with participant well‐being. These insights contribute to a more nuanced understanding of cognitive load measurement in neurodivergent populations and point to important methodological considerations for future neuroscientific research in this area.
Call for the use of the ILAE terminology for seizures and epilepsies by health care professionals and regulatory agencies to benefit patients and caregivers
Authors: Auvin Stéphane , Arzimanoglou Alexis , Brambilla Isabella , French Jacqueline , Knupp Kelly G. , Lagae Lieven , Perucca Emilio , Trinka Eugen , Dlugos Dennis 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) introduced a classification for seizure types in 2017 and updated the classification for epilepsy syndromes in 2022. These classifications aim to improve communication among healthcare professionals and help patients better describe their condition. So far, regulatory agencies have used different terminology. This paper stresses the crucial need for consistently adopting ILAE terminology in both regulatory processes and clinical practice. It highlights how language plays a significant role in healthcare communication and how standardized terminology can enhance patient comprehension. The ongoing review of guidelines by regulatory bodies offers a timely opportunity. Aligning regulatory terminologies holds the potential to facilitate discussions on future drug development and harmonize practices across diverse regions, ultimately fostering improved care and research outcomes in epilepsy treatment.
Microbiome ecological memory and responses to repeated marine heatwaves clarify variation in coral bleaching and mortality
Authors: Vompe Alex D. , Epstein Hannah E. , Speare Kelly E. , Schmeltzer Emily R. , Adam Thomas C. , Burkepile Deron E. , Sharpton Thomas J. , Vega Thurber Rebecca 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMicrobiomes are essential features of holobionts, providing their hosts with key metabolic and functional traits like resistance to environmental disturbances and diseases. In scleractinian corals, questions remain about the microbiome's role in resistance and resilience to factors contributing to the ongoing global coral decline and whether microbes serve as a form of holobiont ecological memory. To test if and how coral microbiomes affect host health outcomes during repeated disturbances, we conducted a large‐scale (32 exclosures, 200 colonies, and 3 coral species sampled) and long‐term (28 months, 2018–2020) manipulative experiment on the forereef of Mo'orea, French Polynesia. In 2019 and 2020, this reef experienced the two most severe marine heatwaves on record for the site. Our experiment and these events afforded us the opportunity to test microbiome dynamics and roles in the context of coral bleaching and mortality resulting from these successive and severe heatwaves. We report unique microbiome responses to repeated heatwaves in Acropora retusa, Porites lobata, and Pocillopora spp., which included: microbiome acclimatization in A. retusa, and both microbiome resilience to the first marine heatwave and microbiome resistance to the second marine heatwave in Pocillopora spp. Moreover, observed microbiome dynamics significantly correlated with coral species‐specific phenotypes. For example, bleaching and mortality in A. retusa both significantly increased with greater microbiome beta dispersion and greater Shannon Diversity, while P. lobata colonies had different microbiomes across mortality prevalence. Compositional microbiome changes, such as changes to proportions of differentially abundant putatively beneficial to putatively detrimental taxa to coral health outcomes during repeated heat stress, also correlated with host mortality, with higher proportions of detrimental taxa yielding higher mortality in A. retusa. This study reveals evidence for coral species‐specific microbial responses to repeated heatwaves and, importantly, suggests that host‐dependent microbiome dynamics may provide a form of holobiont ecological memory to repeated heat stress.
Process‐oriented models of leaf senescence are biased towards the mean: Impacts on model performance and future projections
Authors: Meier Michael , Bugmann Harald , Bigler Christof 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe timing of leaf senescence in deciduous trees influences carbon uptake and the resources available for tree growth, defense, and reproduction. Therefore, simulated biosphere‐atmosphere interactions and, eventually, estimates of the biospheric climate change mitigation potential are affected by the accuracy of process‐oriented leaf senescence models. However, current leaf senescence models are likely to suffer from a bias towards the mean (BTM). This may lead to overly flat trends, whereby errors would increase with increasing difference from the average timing of leaf senescence, ultimately distorting model performance and projected future shifts. However, such effects of the BTM on model performance and future shifts have rarely been investigated. We analyzed >17 × 106 past dates and >49 × 106 future shifts of leaf senescence simulated by 21 process‐oriented models that had been calibrated with >45,000 observations from Central Europe for three major European tree species. The surmised effects on model performance and future shifts occurred in all 21 models, revealing strong model‐specific BTM. In general, the models performed only slightly better than a null model that just simulates the average timing of leaf senescence. While standard comparisons of model performance favored models with stronger BTM, future shifts of leaf senescence were smaller when projected by models with weaker BTM. Overall, the future shifts for 2090–2099 relative to 1990–1999 increased by an average of 13–14 days after correcting for the BTM. In conclusion, the BTM substantially affects simulations by state‐of‐the‐art leaf senescence models, which compromises model comparisons and distorts projections of future shifts. Smaller shifts result from flatter trends associated with stronger BTM. Therefore, smaller shifts according to models with weaker BTM illustrate the considerable uncertainty in current leaf senescence projections. It is likely that state‐of‐the‐art projections of future biosphere behavior under global change are distorted by erroneous leaf senescence models.