bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective striatal fast‐spiking interneuron inhibition induces cortical seizure
Authors: Aupy Jérôme , Ribot Bastien , Guehl Dominique , Nguyen Tho‐Haï , Burbaud Pierre 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWhether striatal fast‐spiking interneurons are involved in cortical synchronization remains elusive. We performed acute microinjections of a selective FSI–AMPA receptor antagonist into the sensorimotor striatum of non‐human primates to verify whether selective FSI inhibition within the sensorimotor striatum could potentially modify cortical excitability, thereby triggering focal seizures. Experiments were performed on three fascicularis monkeys. During each experimental session, low volumes of IEM‐1460 (4–8 μL) were injected slowly at 1 μL/min. Spontaneous behavioral changes were classified according to the Racine scale modified for primates. These induced motor behaviors were correlated with electroencephalographic (EEG and EMG) measures. Power spectrum and time–frequency analysis were performed and compared between each period of interest. Pharmacological selective inhibition of striatal fast‐spiking INs induced focal motor seizures. Back averaging confirmed that myoclonic activity was closely linked to cortical spikes‐and‐waves epileptic activity, with a significant increase in cortical EEG power in all studied frequency bands (p < .0001). Thus, striatal FSIs likely play a role in controlling cortical excitability through the cortico–striato–thalamo–cortical pathway. They may contribute to the pathophysiology of focal motor epilepsies by modulating the threshold at which focal motor seizures are triggered.
Spinal cord injury: Olfactory ensheathing cell‐based therapeutic strategies
Authors: Chen Xinli , Liu Yibin , Stavrinou Pantelis , Stavrinou Lampis , Hu Weipeng , Goldbrunner Roland , Zheng Feng , He Hefan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) is a highly disabling neurological disorder that is difficult to treat due to its complex pathophysiology and nerve regeneration difficulties. Hence, effective SCI treatments are necessary. Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), glial cells derived from the olfactory bulb or mucosa, are ideal candidates for SCI treatment because of their neuroprotective and regenerative properties, ample supply, and convenience. In vitro, animal model, and human trial studies have reported discoveries on OEC transplantation; however, shortcomings have also been demonstrated. Recent studies have optimized various OEC transplantation strategies, including drug integration, biomaterials, and gene editing. This review aims to introduce OECs mechanisms in repairing SCI, summarize the research progress of OEC transplantation‐optimized strategies, and provide novel research ideas for SCI treatment.
Association between two different lipid injectable emulsions and parenteral nutrition–associated cholestasis in very low birth weight infants: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Li Xing , Chen Ling , Lv Hai‐Feng , Zhao Rui , Ying Miao‐Fa , Wei Li , Zhang Ye , Jiang Zhou 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundUsing soybean oil–based lipid emulsions (Intralipid), which contain higher amounts of ω‐6 fatty acids and phytosterols in parenteral nutrition, is a risk factor for cholestasis (parenteral nutrition–associated cholestasis [PNAC]). An alternative form of a mixed lipid emulsion (SMOFlipid) has been developed to reduce the risk of PNAC, but significant benefits over Intralipid in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants have yet to be demonstrated. The aim of this study was to compare the differences in PNAC incidence in VLBW infants receiving SMOFlipid vs Intralipid.MethodsThe study was conducted in Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of the Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China, from January 2016 to March 2022. In total, 235 VLBW infants were administered SMOFlipid or Intralipid for ≥21 days and were included in the study. The primary outcome was the incidence of PNAC. Secondary outcomes included bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, necrotizing enterocolitis, late‐onset sepsis, length of stay, weight 28 days after birth, severity of PNAC, and the time to reversal of PNAC.ResultsForty‐four VLBW infants (35.5%) in the SMOFlipid group vs 41 (36.9%) in the Intralipid group achieved PNAC (P = 0.817). The subgroup analysis showed that the peak direct bilirubin level was lower (median [interquartile range] 55.6 [36.4] vs 118.4 [77.2] μmol/L; P < 0.001), and the time to reversal of PNAC was shorter (44 [49] vs 96 [61]; P < 0.001) in the SMOFlipid group than in the Intralipid group.ConclusionSMOFlipid may represent a better alternative for VLBW infants who require prolonged parenteral nutrition.
Glaciers, snow, and rain: Water source influences invertebrate community structure and secondary production across a hydrologically diverse subarctic landscape
Authors: Dunkle Matthew R. , Bellmore J. Ryan , Fellman Jason B. , Caudill Christopher C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe melting cryosphere adds heterogeneity to the abiotic and biotic characteristics of many high latitude and montane rivers. However, climate change threatens the cryosphere's persistence in many regions. While existing research has explored the impacts of cryospheric loss on the diversity and structure of freshwater communities, implications for functional traits of communities, such as production of aquatic invertebrates, remain unresolved. Here, we quantified aquatic invertebrate community structure and secondary production in southeast Alaska (USA) streams that represent a meltwater to non‐meltwater gradient, including streams fed primarily by: (1) glacier‐melt, (2) snowmelt, (3) rainfall, and (4) a combination of these sources. We found alpha diversity was highest in the snow‐fed stream and lowest in the glacier‐fed stream. Annual secondary production was also lowest in the glacier‐fed stream (0.56 g ash‐free dry mass m−2), but 2–5 times higher in the other stream types primarily due to greater production of shared taxa that were found in all streams. However, despite low invertebrate diversity and productivity, the glacier‐fed stream hosted distinct species assemblages associated with unique cycles of stream flow, water temperature, turbidity, and nutrient concentrations, which contributed to higher beta diversity between streams. Our findings suggest that the loss of glacier‐melt contributions to rivers may result in increased freshwater invertebrate production but reduced beta diversity, which could have implications for community stability and the capacity of landscapes to support higher‐level consumers, including fishes.
From easy to known: How fluent brand processing fosters self‐brand connection
Authors: DelVecchio Devon , Jones William J. , Baugh Lee 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn most marketplaces, brands face fierce competition. Those that are adopted into consumers' self‐concepts in the form of a strong self‐brand connection reap myriad benefits including more positive evaluations, increased purchase intentions, and greater customer loyalty. This research tests the premise that the processing fluency of two prominent branding elements, brand name and logo, may promote self‐brand connection. A series of three studies indicates that processing fluency, prompted either through repeated exposure to a logo (Study 1) or more easily processed brand names (Studies 2 and 3), is associated with a stronger self‐brand connection. Evidence across the studies supports that the sense of brand familiarity stemming from fluent assessment promotes narrative processes in which the brand is connected to aspects of one's life and that such narrative processing, in turn, leads to the formation of stronger self‐brand connections. Further, such evidence is provided via direct measures of self‐brand connections, investigation of consumers brand narratives, and hemostatic brain response as measured via functional magnetic resonance imaging.
Case‐Fatality Rate in Parkinson's Disease: A Nationwide Registry Study
Authors: Sipilä Jussi O.T. , Kaasinen Valtteri , Rautava Päivi , Kytö Ville 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatients with Parkinson's disease (PD) may have an increased risk of mortality, but robust estimates are lacking.ObjectiveTo compare mortality rates nationally between patients with PD and controls.MethodsThe case‐fatality rates of Finnish PD patients diagnosed in 2004–2018 (n = 23,688; 57% male, mean age at diagnosis = 71 years) and randomly selected sex‐ and age‐matched control subjects (n = 94,752) were compared using data from national registries. The median follow‐up duration was 5.8 years (max 17 years).ResultsThe case‐fatality rate in patients with PD was higher than that in matched controls (HR 2.29; 95% CI 2.24–2.33; P < 0.0001). Excess fatality among PD patients was already present at 1 year from diagnosis and then plateaued at 29% at 12 years after diagnosis. The long‐term relative hazard of death in PD patients vs. matched controls did not differ based on sex. Patients with early‐onset PD (age at diagnosis <50 years old) had the highest relative hazard of death (HR 3.36) compared to matched control subjects, and the relative hazard decreased with higher age at diagnosis. The seven‐year excess risk of death decreased during the study period, especially in men. In patients with PD, male sex, increasing age, and increasing comorbidity burden were associated with an increased risk of death.ConclusionsAn increased risk of death among PD patients was evident from early on. The increase in risk was greatest among young‐onset patients. The excess risk in early PD declined during the study period, particularly in men. The reasons for this are unknown.
Arm Swing while Walking and Running: A New Clinical Feature to Separate Parkinson's Disease from Functional Parkinsonism
Authors: Fearon Conor , Bhowmick Suvorit S. , Tosserams Anouk , Di Luca Daniel G. , Liao Jane , Nonnekes Jorik , Bloem Bastiaan R. , Lang Anthony E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundFunctional parkinsonism is an important differential diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Based on anecdotal experience, we hypothesized that arm swing while walking and running could differentiate these two conditions, but this assumption has not been previously explored systematically.ObjectivesTo examine differences in arm swing while walking and running between patients with PD and functional parkinsonism.MethodsWe analyzed blinded video assessments of arm swing and other gait parameters in patients with asymmetrical PD (n = 81) and functional parkinsonism (n = 8) while walking and running. The groups were matched for age, sex and disease duration.ResultsIn contrast to those with PD, patients with functional parkinsonism (i) were more likely to have a marked asymmetry in arm swing while walking (5/8 vs. 25/81; P = 0.06), (ii) were less likely to improve arm swing while running with full effort (3/8 vs. 72/81; P < 0.001) and (iii) demonstrated normal passive arm swing even when asymmetry of arm swing was marked during running/walking (6/6 vs. 9/33; P = 0.002).ConclusionsAssessment of arm swing while walking and running and passive arm swing could be important differentiating clinical features between functional parkinsonism and PD.
Microbial Phenolic Metabolites Are Associated with Improved Cognitive Health
Authors: Domínguez‐López Inés , Galkina Polina , Parilli‐Moser Isabella , Arancibia‐Riveros Camila , Martínez‐González Miguel Ángel , Salas‐Salvadó Jordi , Corella Dolores , Malcampo Mireia , Martínez J. Alfredo , Tojal‐Sierra Lucas , Wärnberg Julia , Vioque Jesús , Romaguera Dora , López‐Miranda José , Estruch Ramon , Tinahones Francisco J. , Santos‐Lozano José Manuel , Serra‐Majem Lluís , Bueno‐Cavanillas Aurora , Tur Josep A. , Rubín‐García María , Pintó Xavier , Fernández‐Aranda Fernando , Delgado‐Rodríguez Miguel , Barabash‐Bustelo Ana , Vidal Josep , Vázquez Clotilde , Daimiel Lidia , Ros Emilio , Toledo Estefania , Atzeni Alessandro , Asensio Eva M. , Vera Natàlia , Garcia‐Rios Antonio , Torres‐Collado Laura , Pérez‐Farinós Napoleón , Zulet Marian , Chaplin Alice , Casas Rosa , Martín‐Peláez Sandra , Vaquero‐Luna Jessica , Gómez‐Pérez Ana Maria , Vázquez‐Ruiz Zenaida , Shyam Sangeetha , Ortega‐Azorín Carolina , Talens Natàlia , Peña‐Orihuela Patricia J. , Oncina‐Canovas Alejandro , Diez‐Espino Javier , Babio Nancy , Fitó Montserrat , Lamuela‐Raventós Rosa M. 
Published: December 2023

ScopeDiets rich in polyphenols has been associated with better cognitive performance. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between microbial phenolic metabolites (MPM) in urine and cognition in the context of an older population at high cardiovascular risk.Methods and resultsA cross‐sectional analysis is conducted in 400 individuals of the PREDIMED‐Plus study. Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry is used to identify urinary MPM. Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) adherence is estimated with a 17‐item questionnaire and cognitive function is evaluated with a battery of neuropsychological tests. Multivariable‐adjusted linear regression models are fitted to assess the relationship of urinary MPM with the MedDiet and cognitive tests. Protocatechuic acid and enterolactone glucuronide are associated with higher adherence to the MedDiet. Regarding cognitive function, protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid glucuronide, 3‐hydroxybenzoic acid, enterodiol glucuronide, and enterolactone glucuronide are directly associated with a global composite score of all the cognitive tests. Furthermore, protocatechuic acid and enterolactone glucuronide are associated with higher scores in the Mini‐Mental State Examination, whereas enterodiol glucuronide is associated with improved Clock Drawing Test scores.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the MedDiet is linked to MPM associated with better cognitive performance in an older population.
Systematic evaluation of human soft tissue attenuation correction in whole‐body PET/MR: Implications from PET/CT for optimization of MR‐based AC in patients with normal lung tissue
Authors: Lindemann Maike E. , Gratz Marcel , Grafe Hong , Jannusch Kai , Umutlu Lale , Quick Harald H. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundAttenuation correction (AC) is an important methodical step in positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) to correct for attenuated and scattered PET photons.PurposeThe overall quality of magnetic resonance (MR)‐based AC in whole‐body PET/MRI was evaluated in direct comparison to computed tomography (CT)‐based AC serving as reference. The quantitative impact of isolated tissue classes in the MR‐AC was systematically investigated to identify potential optimization needs and strategies.MethodsData of n = 60 whole‐body PET/CT patients with normal lung tissue and without metal implants/prostheses were used to generate six different AC‐models based on the CT data for each patient, simulating variations of MR‐AC. The original continuous CT‐AC (CT‐org) is referred to as reference. A pseudo MR‐AC (CT‐mrac), generated from CT data, with four tissue classes and a bone atlas represents the MR‐AC. Relative difference in linear attenuation coefficients (LAC) and standardized uptake values were calculated. From the results two improvements regarding soft tissue AC and lung AC were proposed and evaluated.ResultsThe overall performance of MR‐AC is in good agreement compared to CT‐AC. Lungs, heart, and bone tissue were identified as the regions with most deviation to the CT‐AC (myocardium −15%, bone tissue −14%, and lungs ±20%). Using single‐valued LACs for AC in the lung only provides limited accuracy. For improved soft tissue AC, splitting the combined soft tissue class into muscles and organs each with adapted LAC could reduce the deviations to the CT‐AC to < ±1%. For improved lung AC, applying a gradient LAC in the lungs could remarkably reduce over‐ or undercorrections in PET signal compared to CT‐AC (±5%).ConclusionsThe AC is important to ensure best PET image quality and accurate PET quantification for diagnostics and radiotherapy planning. The optimized segment‐based AC proposed in this study, which was evaluated on PET/CT data, inherently reduces quantification bias in normal lung tissue and soft tissue compared to the CT‐AC reference.
Deep‐Interior: A new pathway to interior tomographic image reconstruction via a weighted backprojection and deep learning
Authors: Zhang Chengzhu , Chen Guang‐Hong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn recent years, deep learning strategies have been combined with either the filtered backprojection or iterative methods or the direct projection‐to‐image by deep learning only to reconstruct images. Some of these methods can be applied to address the interior reconstruction problems for centered regions of interest (ROIs) with fixed sizes. Developing a method to enable interior tomography with arbitrarily located ROIs with nearly arbitrary ROI sizes inside a scanning field of view (FOV) remains an open question.PurposeTo develop a new pathway to enable interior tomographic reconstruction for arbitrarily located ROIs with arbitrary sizes using a single trained deep neural network model.MethodsThe method consists of two steps. First, an analytical weighted backprojection reconstruction algorithm was developed to perform domain transform from divergent fan‐beam projection data to an intermediate image feature space, , for an arbitrary size ROI at an arbitrary location inside the FOV. Second, a supervised learning technique was developed to train a deep neural network architecture to perform deconvolution to obtain the true image from the new feature space . This two‐step method is referred to as Deep‐Interior for convenience. Both numerical simulations and experimental studies were performed to validate the proposed Deep‐Interior method.ResultsThe results showed that ROIs as small as a diameter of 5 cm could be accurately reconstructed (similarity index 0.985 ± 0.018 on internal testing data and 0.940 ± 0.025 on external testing data) at arbitrary locations within an imaging object covering a wide variety of anatomical structures of different body parts. Besides, ROIs of arbitrary size can be reconstructed by stitching small ROIs without additional training.ConclusionThe developed Deep‐Interior framework can enable interior tomographic reconstruction from divergent fan‐beam projections for short‐scan and super‐short‐scan acquisitions for small ROIs (with a diameter larger than 5 cm) at an arbitrary location inside the scanning FOV with high quantitative reconstruction accuracy.
Cascaded‐TOARNet: A cascaded framework based on mixed attention and multiscale information for thoracic OARs segmentation
Authors: Du Wu , Guo Huimin , Chen Boyang , Cui Ming , Zhang Teng , Sun Deyu , Ma He 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundAccurate and automated segmentation of thoracic organs‐at‐risk (OARs) is critical for radiotherapy treatment planning of thoracic cancers. However, this has remained a challenging task for four major reasons: (1) thoracic OARs have diverse morphologies; (2) thoracic OARs have low contrast with the background; (3) boundaries of thoracic OARs are blurry; (4) class imbalance issue caused by small organs.PurposeTo overcome the above challenges and achieve accurate and automated segmentation of thoracic OARs on thoracic CT.MethodsA novel cascaded framework based on mixed attention and multiscale information for thoracic OARs segmentation, called Cascaded‐TOARNet. This cascaded framework comprises two stages: localization and segmentation. During the localization stage, TOARNet locates each organ to crop the regions of interest (ROIs). During the segmentation stage, TOARNet accurately segments the ROIs, and the segmentation results are merged into a complete result.ResultsWe evaluated our proposed method and other common segmentation methods on two public datasets: the AAPM Thoracic Auto‐Segmentation Challenge dataset and the Segmentation of Thoracic Organs at Risk (SegTHOR) dataset. Our method demonstrated superior performance, achieving a mean Dice score of 92.6% on the SegTHOR dataset and 90.8% on the AAPM dataset.ConclusionsThis segmentation method holds great promise as an essential tool for enhancing the efficiency of thoracic radiotherapy planning.
Generalizable synthetic MRI with physics‐informed convolutional networks
Authors: Jacobs Luuk , Mandija Stefano , Liu Hongyan , van den Berg Cornelis A. T. , Sbrizzi Alessandro , Maspero Matteo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides state‐of‐the‐art image quality for neuroimaging, consisting of multiple separately acquired contrasts. Synthetic MRI aims to accelerate examinations by synthesizing any desirable contrast from a single acquisition.PurposeWe developed a physics‐informed deep learning‐based method to synthesize multiple brain MRI contrasts from a single 5‐min acquisition and investigate its ability to generalize to arbitrary contrasts.MethodsA dataset of 55 subjects acquired with a clinical MRI protocol and a 5‐min transient‐state sequence was used. The model, based on a generative adversarial network, maps data acquired from the five‐minute scan to “effective” quantitative parameter maps (q*‐maps), feeding the generated PD,T1, andT2maps into a signal model to synthesize four clinical contrasts (proton density‐weighted,T1‐weighted,T2‐weighted, andT2‐weighted fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery), from which losses are computed. The synthetic contrasts are compared to an end‐to‐end deep learning‐based method proposed by literature. The generalizability of the proposed method is investigated for five volunteers by synthesizing three contrasts unseen during training and comparing these to ground truth acquisitions via qualitative assessment and contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) assessment.ResultsThe physics‐informed method matched the quality of the end‐to‐end method for the four standard contrasts, with structural similarity metrics above (std), peak signal‐to‐noise ratios above , representing a portion of compact lesions comparable to standard MRI. Additionally, the physics‐informed method enabled contrast adjustment, and similar signal contrast and comparable CNRs to the ground truth acquisitions for three sequences unseen during model training.ConclusionsThe study demonstrated the feasibility of physics‐informed, deep learning‐based synthetic MRI to generate high‐quality contrasts and generalize to contrasts beyond the training data. This technology has the potential to accelerate neuroimaging protocols.
Encapsulated bio‐carbon soot film for measuring nano‐size beam diameter of low power lasers
Authors: Singh Nagendra , Krishnan Sriram , Biswas Samir Kumar 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNano‐scale laser beam size and its shape information are essential parameters in most optics‐based precision measurements and nano‐scale material processing. It is also quite challenging to measure nano‐size optical beams accurately for both open experiments and at compact workplace of microscope due to various instrumental factors. Outside of the visible spectrum, usually wavelength‐sensitive fluorescence markers and composite materials are used to read the laser beam profile. In this article, a cost‐effective carbon nano‐particles (CNPs) film has been developed from candle soot. Furthermore, the developed bio‐carbon soot film is encapsulated with optically transparent composite polymer on aqueous media to measure sub‐micron size spot of a low‐power laser. Field emission scanning electron microscopy, optical spectrum analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV‐visible spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis techniques have been performed to characterize the developed CNPs film and optimized its functionality. The fabricated film has been used to measure sub‐micron laser beam size. Due to the wide absorption spectrum of the developed bio‐CNPs film, the sensitivity region for measurement lies within both visible and beyond the visible spectrum.