bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon inequality and support for carbon taxation
Authors: BEISER‐McGRATH LIAM F. , BUSEMEYER MARIUS R. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractStringent policies that significantly increase the cost of greenhouse gas emissions, such as CO2, are increasingly necessary for mitigating climate change. Yet while richer individuals in society generate the most CO2 emissions and thus will face the largest absolute cost burden, they also tend to be more supportive of stringent environmental policies. In this paper, we examine how information about the distribution of carbon emissions by income affects support for carbon taxation. While carbon taxation is widely advocated as the most efficient policy for mitigating climate change, it faces significant political hurdles due to its distributional costs. Using original survey data, with an embedded experiment, we find that providing information about the actual distribution of household CO2 emissions by income significantly changes individuals' support for carbon taxation. These effects are particularly pronounced at the bottom of the household income distribution, leading to increased support for costly climate policies. However, individuals who believe that carbon taxes will reduce their income continue to hold their level of support for carbon taxation. Our findings have significant implications for understanding the public's response to the distributional consequences of the green transitions and ultimately their political feasibility.
Clinicopathological significance of intestinal metaplasia in endoscopically resected early gastric carcinoma
Authors: Cheng Yu Qing , Zhang Xin Wen , Zhuang Shao Hua , Zhou Xiao Li , Huang Qin 
Published: December 2023

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of intestinal metaplasia (IM) in endoscopically resected early gastric carcinoma (EGC).MethodsAltogether 136 consecutive cases with EGC resected by endoscopic submucosal dissection over 5 years were included and divided into the early gastric cardiac (EGCC; n = 60) and non‐cardiac carcinoma (EGNCC; n = 76) groups. Goblet cell IM and subtypes were determined with histology and immunostaining. Recurrence‐free survival (RFS) was compared among various IM groups.ResultsIM was identified in 128 (94.1%) EGC cases, including complete IM (n = 39), incomplete IM (n = 27), and mixed IM (n = 62). Incomplete IM was significantly more common in EGCC and exhibited a lower frequency of en bloc resection than the complete subtype. The frequency of synchronous or metachronous gastric tumor was significantly more common in EGCC with complete IM than in those with incomplete IM. Compared to EGC without IM, EGC with IM showed a significantly higher frequency of non‐poorly cohesive carcinoma, en bloc resection, and non‐eCuraC‐1 grade. EGNCC with IM was significantly associated with negative resection margins and en bloc resection. The 5‐year RFS was significantly lower in EGNCC patients with incomplete IM compared with those with mixed IM. The independent risk factors for RFS included tumor size >2 cm and eCuraC‐1 grade.ConclusionsSubtyping IM in EGC helped predict endoscopic resectability, prognosis, and risk of synchronous or metachronous gastric tumor. The significance of IM differed between EGCC and EGNCC. Large studies with longer follow‐up are warranted to validate our findings.
MiR‐203 improves cardiac dysfunction by targeting PARP1‐NAD+ axis in aging murine
Authors: Zhao Limin , Tang Pingping , Lin Yuan , Du Menghan , Li Huimin , Jiang Lintong , Xu Henghui , Sun Heyang , Han Jingjing , Sun Zeqi , Xu Run , Lou Han , Chen Zhouxiu , Kopylov Philipp , Liu Xin , Zhang Yong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHeart aging is a prevalent cause of cardiovascular diseases among the elderly. NAD+ depletion is a hallmark feature of aging heart, however, the molecular mechanisms that affect NAD+ depletion remain unclear. In this study, we identified microRNA‐203 (miR‐203) as a senescence‐associated microRNA that regulates NAD+ homeostasis. We found that the blood miR‐203 level negatively correlated with human age and its expression significantly decreased in the hearts of aged mice and senescent cardiomyocytes. Transgenic mice with overexpressed miR‐203 (TgN (miR‐203)) showed resistance to aging‐induced cardiac diastolic dysfunction, cardiac remodeling, and myocardial senescence. At the cellular level, overexpression of miR‐203 significantly prevented D‐gal‐induced cardiomyocyte senescence and mitochondrial damage, while miR‐203 knockdown aggravated these effects. Mechanistically, miR‐203 inhibited PARP1 expression by targeting its 3′UTR, which helped to reduce NAD+ depletion and improve mitochondrial function and cell senescence. Overall, our study first identified miR‐203 as a genetic tool for anti‐heart aging by restoring NAD+ function in cardiomyocytes.
SKN‐1/NRF2 upregulation by vitamin A is conserved from nematodes to mammals and is critical for lifespan extension in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Sirakawin Chaweewan , Lin Dongfa , Zhou Ziyue , Wang Xiaoxin , Kelleher Rhianne , Huang Shangyuan , Long Weimiao , Pires‐daSilva Andre , Liu Yu , Wang Jingjing , Vinnikov Ilya A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractVitamin A (VA) is a micronutrient essential for the physiology of many organisms, but its role in longevity and age‐related diseases remains unclear. In this work, we used Caenorhabditis elegans to study the impact of various bioactive compounds on lifespan. We demonstrate that VA extends lifespan and reduces lipofuscin and fat accumulation while increasing resistance to heat and oxidative stress. This resistance can be attributed to high levels of detoxifying enzymes called glutathione S‐transferases, induced by the transcription factor skinhead‐1 (SKN‐1). Notably, VA upregulated the transcript levels of skn‐1 or its mammalian ortholog NRF2 in both C. elegans, human cells, and liver tissues of mice. Moreover, the loss‐of‐function genetic models demonstrated a critical involvement of the SKN‐1 pathway in longevity extension by VA. Our study thus provides novel insights into the molecular mechanism of anti‐aging and anti‐oxidative effects of VA, suggesting that this micronutrient could be used for the prevention and/or treatment of age‐related disorders.
Genome‐wide association studies for loin muscle area, loin muscle depth and backfat thickness in DLY pigs
Authors: Zhao Xiang , Qiu Yibin , Meng Fanming , Zhuang Zhanwei , Ruan Donglin , Wu Jie , Ma Fucai , Zheng Enqin , Cai Gengyuan , Yang Jie , Yang Ming , Wu Zhenfang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study aimed at identifying genes associated with loin muscle area (LMA), loin muscle depth (LMD) and backfat thickness (BFT). We performed single‐trait and multi‐trait genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) after genotyping 685 Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire) (DLY) pigs using the Geneseek Porcine 50K SNP chip. In the single‐trait GWASs, we identified two, eight and two significant SNPs associated with LMA, LMD and BFT, respectively, and searched genes within the 1 Mb region near the significant SNPs with relevant functions as candidate genes. Consequently, we identified one (DOCK5), three (PID1, PITX2, ELOVL6) and three (CCR1, PARP14, CASR) promising candidate genes for LMA, LMD and BFT, respectively. Moreover, the multi‐trait GWAS identified four significant SNPs associated with the three traits. In conclusion, the GWAS analysis of LMA, LMD and BFT in a DLY pig population identified several associated SNPs and candidate genes, further deepening our understanding of the genetic basis of these traits, and they may be useful for marker‐assisted selection to improve the three traits in DLY pigs.
Habitat use by impala (Aepyceros melampus) breeding herds in an elephant‐impacted woodland along the Chobe Riverfront, Botswana
Authors: Rutina Lucas P. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractElephants have been structuring woodlands along the Chobe Riverfront, changing them to shrublands. Along with the loss of woodland cover, impala populations seem to be increasing along the Chobe Riverfront. We tested the prediction that elephant‐induced loss in woodland cover has increased preferred habitats for impalas along the Chobe Riverfront. We found that home range sizes of impala breeding herds did not differ among seasons at all spatial scales. Impala breeding herds were more selective at broader spatial scales than finer spatial scales in all seasons. Impala breeding herds selected shrublands more than the other habitats throughout the year. The Baikiaea woodland and the riparian woodland were the most avoided habitats, with mixed combretum shrublands and relationships between habitat selectivity and group size, inter‐herd encounter and habitat fidelity. The results of our study suggest that impala breeding herds used elephant‐transformed habitats throughout the year. Season did not influence habitat selectivity, suggesting that the preferred habitat had higher required resources relative to the other habitats throughout the year.
The effect of high‐flow nasal oxygen flow rate on gas exchange in apnoeic patients: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Lyons C. , McElwain J. , Young O. , O'Gorman D. A. , Harte B. H. , Kinirons B. , Grady D. , Laffey J. G. , Callaghan M. 
Published: December 2023

SummaryHigh‐flow nasal oxygen can be administered at induction of anaesthesia for the purposes of pre‐oxygenation and apnoeic oxygenation. This intervention is claimed to enhance carbon dioxide elimination during apnoea, but the extent to which this occurs remains poorly quantified. The optimal nasal oxygen flow rate for gas exchange is also unknown. In this study, 114 patients received pre‐oxygenation with high‐flow nasal oxygen at 50 l.min‐1. At the onset of apnoea, patients were allocated randomly to receive one of three nasal oxygen flow rates: 0 l.min‐1; 70 l.min‐1; or 120 l.min‐1. After 4 minutes of apnoea, all oxygen delivery was ceased, tracheal intubation was performed, and oxygen delivery was recommenced when SpO2 was 92%. Mean (SD) PaCO2 rise during the first minute of apnoea was 1.39 (0.39) kPa, 1.41 (0.29) kPa, and 1.26 (0.38) kPa in the 0 l.min‐1, 70 l.min‐1 and 120 l.min‐1 groups, respectively; p = 0.16. During the second, third and fourth minutes of apnoea, mean (SD) rates of rise in PaCO2 were 0.34 (0.08) kPa.min‐1, 0.36 (0.06) kPa.min‐1 and 0.37 (0.07) kPa.min‐1 in the 0 l.min‐1, 70 l.min‐1 and 120 l.min‐1 groups, respectively; p = 0.17. After 4 minutes of apnoea, median (IQR [range]) arterial oxygen partial pressures in the 0 l.min‐1, 70 l.min‐1 and 120 l.min‐1 groups were 24.5 (18.6–31.4 [12.3–48.3]) kPa; 36.6 (28.1–43.8 [9.8–56.9]) kPa; and 37.6 (26.5–45.4 [11.0–56.6]) kPa, respectively; p < 0.001. Median (IQR [range]) times to desaturate to 92% after the onset of apnoea in the 0 l.min‐1, 70 l.min‐1 and 120 l.min‐1 groups, were 412 (347–509 [190–796]) s; 533 (467–641 [192–958]) s; and 531 (462–681 [326–1007]) s, respectively; p < 0.001. In conclusion, the rate of carbon dioxide accumulation in arterial blood did not differ significantly between apnoeic patients who received high‐flow nasal oxygen and those who did not.
Evaluation of antibody response to inactivated bovine ephemeral fever virus vaccine for Japanese Black calves in the field
Authors: Otomaru Konosuke , Miyahara Takuro , Saita Hiroto , Usa Amane , Ijiri Moe 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the antibody response to the bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) vaccine in Japanese Black calves. Twenty‐eight Japanese Black calves, which were raised on an ordinal farm, were divided into two groups. Fifteen calves received the inactivated BEFV vaccine at 12 and 16 weeks of age (vaccination group), and 13 calves did not receive the vaccine (non‐vaccination group). Blood samples were obtained at 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, and 32 weeks of age. As the results, in the vaccination group, the antibody titers at 16, 20, 24, 28, and 32 weeks of age were significantly higher than those at 0, 4, 8, and 12 weeks of age (p < 0.01). Additionally, antibody titer in the vaccination group increased after 16 weeks of age and showed a significantly higher level than that in the non‐vaccination group throughout the remaining experimental period (p < 0.01). These results might be helpful in establishing a vaccination program against BEFV in calves.
Primary autoimmune haemolytic anaemia is associated with increased risk of ischaemic stroke: A binational cohort study from Denmark and France
Authors: Hansen Dennis Lund , Maquet Julien , Lafaurie Margaux , Möller Sören , Berentsen Sigbjørn , Frederiksen Henrik , Moulis Guillaume , Gaist David 
Published: December 2023

SummaryPrimary autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA) causes the destruction of red blood cells and a subsequent pro‐thrombotic state, potentially increasing the risk of ischaemic stroke. We investigated the risk of ischaemic stroke in patients with AIHA in a binational study. We used prospectively collected data from nationwide registers in Denmark and France to identify cohorts of patients with primary AIHA and age‐ and sex‐matched general population comparators. We followed the patient and comparison cohorts for up to 5 years, with the first hospitalization of a stroke during follow‐up as the main outcome. We estimated cumulative incidence, cause‐specific hazard ratios (csHR) and adjusted for comorbidity and exposure to selected medications. The combined AIHA cohorts from both countries comprised 5994 patients and the 81 525 comparators. There were 130 ischaemic strokes in the AIHA cohort and 1821 among the comparators. Country‐specific estimates were comparable, and the overall adjusted csHR was 1.36 [95% CI: 1.13–1.65], p = 0.001; the higher rate was limited to the first year after AIHA diagnosis (csHR 2.29 [95% CI: 1.77–2.97], p < 10−9) and decreased thereafter (csHR 0.89 [95% CI: 0.66–1.20], p = 0.45) (p‐interaction < 10−5). The findings indicate that patients diagnosed with primary AIHA are at higher risk of ischaemic stroke in the first year after diagnosis.
Determinants of under‐five pneumonia in randomly selected health facilities at Aleta Wondo Woreda, Sidama Region Ethiopia: Case–control study
Authors: Alemu Tsegaye , Ayele Berihun , Sorato Mende Mensa 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionUnder‐five mortality reduction due to pneumonia is not Signiant, particularly in developing countries. Pneumonia contributed to 27.5% to 31.3% of health facility visits by children 2 to 59 months in Aleta Wondo Woreda. Previous studies have shown inconclusive evidence on determinants of pneumonia in children.MethodsAn institution‐based unmatched case–control study was conducted to assess determinants of pneumonia among under‐five children at Aleta Wondo Woreda, Sidama Region.ResultOne‐hundred forty‐five cases and 290 controls of children aged 2 to 59 months participated in the study. The mean ± (SD) age of the children was 18.81 months (2.1 ± 11.43) and 28.26 months (2.1 ± 16.007) for cases and controls, respectively. Only 56% (n = 145) of cases open house windows daily, whereas most 68.6% (n = 290) of controls house windows open daily. Ninety five (62.8%) of cases and 68.6% of controls were exclusively breastfed for 6 months. Household income ≥1500 Ethiopian birr (AOR = 0.45, 95% CI, 0.017–0.120, p < 0.000), child location outside of cooking house during cooking (AOR = 0.101, 95% CI, 0.43–0.238, p < 0.000), no formal education of the mother (AOR = 2.398, 95% CI, 1.082–5.316, p < 0.031), and presence of history of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) in last 2 weeks (AOR = 2.183, 95% CI, 1.684–5.273, P < 0.049) were determinants of pneumonia.ConclusionDeterminants of pneumonia in under‐five children were multifactorial (socioeconomic, nutritional, and environmental). Addressing these factors by involving all relevant stakeholders is important to reduce pneumonia‐related morbidity and mortality among under‐five children in the study area.
Three noteworthy idiosyncrasies related to Canada's opioid‐death crisis, and implications for public health‐oriented interventions
Authors: Fischer Benedikt , Robinson Tessa , Jutras‐Aswad Didier 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCanada has been experiencing a prolonged public health‐crisis of high rates of overdose deaths caused by exceptionally potent/toxic, illicit opioid use. While many key features of this drug death epidemic are well‐documented, several idiosyncratic aspects with relevance for public health‐oriented interventions are not adequately recognised. These include: (i) the discrepant opioid patterns pan‐Canada, with large majorities of opioid deaths caused by illicit fentanyl drugs in Western, but not Eastern regions where prescription‐type opioid prevail; (ii) the environments of overdose deaths, where vast majorities occur in ‘residential’ or other shelter‐type settings, presenting barriers for emergency interventions rather than health protection; and (iii) shifting drug use modes, where now majorities of overdose deaths are associated with drug ‘inhalation’ (instead of ‘injection’) in contexts of potent/toxic drug supply. We briefly describe these factors and related implications for intervention programming towards an improved response to the drug death‐crisis.
Update on the current and future use of CAR‐T to treat multiple myeloma
Authors: Gahvari Zhubin , Brunner Matthew , Schmidt Timothy , Callander Natalie S. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor T‐cell (CAR‐T) therapy has become an important intervention in the management of relapsed and relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM). Currently, B‐cell maturation antigen (BCMA) is the most targeted surface protein due to its ubiquitous expression on plasma cells, with increasing expression of this essential transmembrane protein on malignant plasma cells as patients develop more advanced disease. This review will explore the earliest CAR‐T trials in myeloma, discuss important issues involved in CAR‐T manufacturing and processing, as well as review current clinical trials that led to the approval of the two commercially available CAR‐T products, Idecabtagene vicleucel and ciltacabtagene autoleucel. The most recent data from trials investigating the use of CAR‐T as an earlier line of therapy will be presented. Finally, the problem of relapses after CAR‐T will be presented, including several theories as to why CAR‐T therapies fail and possible clinical caveats. The next generation of MM‐specific CAR‐T will likely include new targets such as G‐protein‐coupled receptor class C, Group 5, member D (GPRC5D) and signaling lymphocyte activation molecular Family 7 (SLAMF7). The role of CAR‐T in the treatment of MM will undoubtedly increase exponentially in the next decade.
Highlighting the risk of environmental lead contamination for deer management in Australia
Authors: Hampton Jordan O. , Flesch Jason S. , Wendt Alexander S. , Toop Simon D. 
Published: December 2023

SummaryLead‐based bullets used to shoot deer typically fragment. These toxic fragments are a threat to wildlife scavengers and human consumers of venison. Awareness of this issue is widespread internationally but limited in Australia. The aim of this research was to characterise deer carcass contamination via bullet fragmentation associated with lead‐based and lead‐free ammunition in a deer culling program conducted in Australia. We used radiography (X‐rays) to study Hog Deer (Axis porcinus) shot in a professional ground‐based shooting program in Victoria, south‐eastern Australia. Our data captured 33 deer shot with frangible lead‐based bullets in 2021, and 21 deer shot with monolithic lead‐free (copper‐based) bullets from the same rifles in 2021–2022. For lead‐based bullets, the mean number of lead fragments per carcass ranged from seven to 629 (mean ± SD = 256 ± 169), mean fragment size was 1.2 mm2 (74% of fragments were <1.0 mm2) and the mean fragment coverage area (the smallest ellipse covering all fragments) was 325 cm2. Of these deer, 36% had metallic fragments in the ‘back strap’ (loin) muscles and 42% had metallic fragments in the shoulder muscles: meat cuts typically removed for human consumption. In contrast, for lead‐free bullets, the mean number of metallic fragments per carcass ranged from zero to four (0.5 ± 1.0), with only 29% of carcasses having any fragments, and no deer had metallic fragments in the loin or shoulder muscles. On the basis of these results, it is clear that lead‐based bullets used for shooting deer in Australia pose risks to wildlife scavengers, and to human consumers when used in hunting. Australian wildlife managers involved in mitigating deer impacts should strongly consider a timely transition to lead‐free bullets.
Astringent and non‐astringent persimmon cremogenates made with different thickeners
Authors: Taboada Damián , García‐Hernández Jorge , Ortolá María Dolores , Castelló María Luisa 
Published: December 2023

SummaryDue to the surplus in the production of ‘Rojo Brillante’ persimmon in Spain, there is great interest in developing products made from this fruit that can take full advantage of production peaks. However, heat treatment can reverse the astringency, limiting the diversity of products derived from persimmon. The aim of this study was to characterise physicochemically astringent and non‐astringent persimmon cremogenates subjected to pasteurisation and elaborated with different thickeners (guar gum, sodium alginate and pectin). Several aspects were specifically analysed: the evolution during the storage of the soluble solid content, water, total phenols, antioxidant capacity, optical and mechanical properties, as well as the microbiological stability. The sensory acceptability of the selected cremogenates was also evaluated. The results showed that the final colour of the samples depended on the initial level of astringency of the raw material; the non‐astringent persimmons were much darker (L* ≈ 40–50) than astringent persimmons (L* ≈ 65–70), and the type of thickener used had no effect and led to no difference. Furthermore, the cremogenate was harder (F ≈ 20–120 N) when astringent persimmons were used. In astringent cremogenates the thickeners evaluated help in reducing the total phenol content after 3 months of storage in 40% when compared to the control. The heat treatment applied (70 °C, 30 min) did not reverse the astringency, so this type of cremogenate could be a commercial outlet for the waste or surplus of this fruit. In this regard, non‐astringent persimmons with pectin would be recommended for the preparation of cremogenates from this fruit since they were also those that the scored best in the sensory analysis.