bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of two devices for measuring tympanic membrane temperature in swine, dairy cattle, and dairy calves
Authors: Myers Michael J. , Henderson Mark 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To compare tympanic membrane temperature readings obtained with 2 commercially available devices with rectal temperature readings obtained with a standard mercury thermometer in dairy cattle, dairy calves, and swine.

Design
Clinical trial.

Animals
6 Holstein calves (approx 6 months old), 6 Holstein cattle (approx 4 years old), and 5 Landrace-Poland China swine.

Procedure
Tympanic membrane temperatures were measured, and results were compared with rectal temperatures obtained with a standard mercury thermometer. Tympanic membrane temperatures were obtained before and after insertion of the rectal thermometer. Temperature readings in swine were obtained following passive restraint in a cage-like device or restraint using a snare to assess the effect of stress on tympanic membrane temperature.

Results
Tympanic membrane temperature readings from both devices were lower than those obtained using a rectal thermometer for all animals. Repeated measurement of tympanic membrane temperature of individual cattle resulted in consistent readings for both devices.

Clinical Implications
Because all animals were visibly healthy, results suggest that tympanic membrane temperature readings obtained with either device may be an adequate assessment of health status. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;207:1700-1701)
Use of corticosteroids alone or combined with glucose to treat ketosis in dairy cows
Authors: Shpigel Nahum Y. , Chen Rina , Avidar Yakov , Bogin Eitan 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To compare relative efficacy of dexamethasone and flumethasone alone or in combination with rapid IV infusion of glucose for treatment of ketosis in cattle.

Design
Clinical trial.

Animals
127 cows with urine acetoacetate concentration ≥ 60 mg/dl.

Procedure
Cows were treated with 500 ml of 50% glucose solution, IV, and 40 mg of dexamethasone, IM (group 1), 40 mg of dexamethasone, IM (group 2), 5 mg of flumethasone (group 3), or 500 ml of 50% glucose solution, IV, and 5 mg of flumethasone (group 4). Treatment success was defined as recovery after a single treatment without relapse during the same lactation. Uterine disease (retained placenta or metritis), parity, and pretreatment plasma glucose, serum β-hydroxybutyric acid, and urine acetoacetate concentrations were evaluated as possible confounding factors affecting recovery.

Results
Only uterine disease was found to have a significant effect on recovery. Treatments 1 and 4 were significantly more efficacious than was treatment 2, but efficacy of treatment 2 was not significantly different from that of treatment 3. Regardless of treatment, cows with uterine disease were less likely to have a successful outcome than were cows without uterine disease. In all treatment groups, plasma glucose concentration increased and serum β-hydroxybutyric acid and urine acetoacetate concentrations decreased following treatment.

Clinical Implications
In this study, treatment of ketosis in dairy cattle with a corticosteriod alone was less efficacious than treatment with glucose and a corticosteroid. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;208:1702-1704)
Rattlesnake venom poisoning in horses: 32 cases (1973-1993)
Authors: Dickinson Charles E. , Traub-Dargatz Josie L. , Dargatz David A. , Bennett Dwight G. , Knight Anthony P. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine the clinical manifestations, morbidity, mortality, and treatment methods for rattlesnake venom poisoning in horses.

Design
Retrospective analysis of medical records.

Animals
27 horses with acute venom poisoning attributable to prairie rattlesnakes, and 5 with chronic problems subsequent to a rattlesnake bite.

Results
Most horses were bitten on or near the muzzle while on pasture, resulting in head swelling, dyspnea, and epistaxis. Additional manifestations of acute poisoning included fever, tachycardia, tachypnea, cardiac arrhythmia, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, hemorrhage, thrombosis of venipuncture sites, colic, diarrhea, and prehensile and masticatory dysfunction. Chronic problems included cardiac disease, pneumonia, laminitis, pharyngeal paralysis, and wound complications. The most common chronic problem was cardiac disease. The most commonly used treatments were antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, tetanus prophylaxis, and airway support. Mortality in the 27 acutely affected horses was 18.5%; the overall mortality was 25%.

Clinical Implications
Horses bitten by prairie rattlesnakes may develop multiple, often severe, acute or chronic manifestations of poisoning involving various organ systems. Thorough clinical evaluation, effective treatment, supportive care, and close observation are indicated in horses with rattlesnake venom poisoning. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;208:1866-1871)
Relationship between parental cardiac status in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels and prevalence and severity of chronic valvular disease in offspring
Authors: Swenson Lennart , Häggström Jens , Kvart Clarence , Juneja R. Kumar 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To study the relationship between parental cardiac status in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels and development of chronic valvular disease (CVD) in offspring.

Design
Historical cohort.

Animals
54 female and 53 male Cavalier King Charles Spaniel offspring.

Procedure
7 sires, selected on the basis of their liability to develop CVD, were screened for clinical signs of CVD and assigned to 1 of 3 groups (late, intermediate, and early onset of CVD). The mates of these sires (30 dams) were selected and classified likewise, and 107 offspring produced in 1988 from matings between these parents were screened for clinical signs of CVD at a mean age of 5.3 ± 0.3 years.

Results
55% of the offspring were free from clinical signs of CVD, whereas 45% had cardiac murmurs of low or moderate intensity. The proportion of offspring with heart murmurs and the intensity of murmurs were significantly greater with increased parental classification. More males than females had developed murmurs, and murmurs of moderate intensity also were more prevalent in males. Results of multiple-regression analysis indicated that mean parental classification and sex had significant effects on proportion of offspring with murmurs and their intensity. Additionally, age affected disease prevalence and severity, despite the narrow range in age of offspring examined.

Clinical Implications
Parental CVD status is an important factor influencing the probability of heart murmurs and their intensity in offspring. The results of this study indicate that CVD development is a polygenic threshold trait and that sex of the offspring influences threshold levels. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;208:2009-2012)
Morbidity from nonrespiratory diseases and mortality in dairy heifers during the first three months of life
Authors: Virtala Anna-Maija K. , Mechor Gerald D. , Gröhn Yrjö T. , Erb Hollis N. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To describe causes of death, mortality, and morbidity from nonrespiratory diseases in dairy calves.

Design
Prospective observational cohort study.

Animals
Convenience sample of 410 dairy heifers born between January and December 1990 in 18 southwestern New York herds.

Procedure
Heifers were examined weekly by a veterinary clinician during the first 3 months of life and all disease conditions were recorded.

Results
Crude risks for diarrhea, umbilical infection, and umbilical hernia were 28.8, 14.2, and 15.1%, and the median ages at first diagnoses were 2, 1, and 3 weeks, respectively. Mean durations of umbilical infection and umbilical hernia were 3.7 and 6.7 weeks, respectively. Crude mortality was 5.6%. Case-fatality risks were 12.8% for diarrhea during the first week of life, 5.1% for diarrhea after the first week of life, and 0% for umbilical infection and umbilical hernia. Diarrhea was diagnosed by the caretaker or the clinician; umbilical conditions were diagnosed by the clinician. The primary cause of death was diarrhea in 43%, pneumonia in 24%, septicemia in 10%, and other single causes in the rest of the 21 necropsied calves.

Clinical Implications
The high incidence and somewhat long duration of umbilical infection, the finding that diarrhea was the primary cause of death, and the high case-fatality risk for diarrhea during the first week of life suggested that calf caretakers need training in the prevention and treatment of these conditions. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996:208:2043-2046)
Ocular hypertension following cataract surgery in dogs: 139 cases (1992-1993)
Authors: Smith Patricia Joan , Brooks Dennis Eugene , Lazarus Jarrod Andrew , Kubilis Paul Scott , Gelatt Kirk Norman 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To document the incidence of postoperative ocular hypertension (POH) after cataract surgery in dogs.

Design
Retrospective analysis of medical records.

Sample Population
88 dogs that had had cataract surgery.

Procedure
The effect of several categorical variables on the development of POH was evaluated statistically. Postoperative ocular hypertension was defined as intraocular pressure > 25 and > 30 mm of Hg.

Results
The incidence of POH > 25 mm of Hg was 48.9%; > 30 mm of Hg, 33.8%; > 40 mm of Hg, 20.1%; and > 50 mm of Hg, 5.8%. Mean onset of POH > 25 mm of Hg was 4.9 hours. The incidence of POH was not affected by the type of surgery. Eyes that had phacoemulsification developed POH significantly more rapidly (mean, 3.9 hours), compared with those that had extracapsular lens extraction (8.4 hours). Mean phacoemulsification duration was greater in eyes that developed POH, and older dogs were more likely to develop POH. Development of POH was not correlated with sex, stage of cataract, type of surgical procedure performed, intraocular lens placement, preoperative lens-induced uveitis, or posterior lens capsule tears and vitrectomy. However, eyes that received intraocular lens implants developed POH more rapidly, compared with eyes without implants.

Clinical Implications
The high incidence and early onset of POH after cataract surgery suggests that routine use of antiglaucoma medications in the first 12 hours after surgery is warranted. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;209:105–111)
Laparoscopic methods for castration of equids
Authors: Wilson David G. , Hendrickson Dean A. , Cooley A. James , Degrave-Madigan Ellen 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To evaluate 2 laparoscopic techniques for castration in horses.

Design
Prospective, randomized trial.

Animals
6 sexually intact male ponies.

Procedure
Ponies were anesthetized and placed in dorsal recumbency. By means of restricted randomization, 1 testis in each pony was selected to undergo in situ destruction (ie, vascular cauterization and ligation with the testis left in situ); the other testis was pulled back into the abdomen and removed. Baseline and stimulated testosterone concentrations were determined preoperatively and postoperatively. After euthanasia, the in situ testes were examined histologically.

Results
There were no surgical complications. In all ponies, postoperative baseline and stimulated testosterone concentrations were consistent with castration. The testicular parenchyma of the testes that had been left in situ underwent coagulative necrosis.

Clinical Implications
In ponies and juvenile stallions, normally descended testes can be removed laparoscopically. Nonpalpable inguinal testes can be left in situ after laparoscopically ligating and transecting the testicular artery and vein. Additional experience with these approaches is necessary before their use can be recommended in mature stallions. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;209:112–114)
Comparison of gastric and duodenal lesions in dogs and cats with and without lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis
Authors: Yamasaki Kanji , Suematsu Hiroaki , Takahashi Takeshi 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To compare histologic lesions in the stomach and duodenum of dogs and cats with and without lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis (LPE).

Design
Case-control study.

Animals
20 clinically normal dogs, 40 dogs with LPE, 10 clinically normal cats, and 20 cats with LPE.

Results
Unevenness of the mucosal surface was detected in the stomach of 4 of the 20 (20%) clinically normal dogs and 10 of the 40 (25%) dogs with LPE. Mucosal friability was detected in the duodenum of 16 (40%) of the dogs with LPE and 10 of the 20 (50%) cats with LPE. Histologically, clinically normal dogs and dogs with LPE had various degrees of fibrosis in the gastric lamina propria. All of the clinically normal cats and the cats with LPE had slight gastric fibrosis. Clinically normal cats had infiltrates of Inflammatory cells similar to those seen in the clinically normal dogs. Significantly more plasma cells and lymphocytes were seen in the duodenal lamina propria of dogs and cats with LPE than in the duodenal lamina propria of clinically normal animals.

Clinical Implications
LPE should be diagnosed by counting the number of Inflammatory cells in the duodenal lamina propria and then comparing that number with the number seen in clinically normal animals. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;209:95–97)
Radiotherapy of oral malignant melanomas in dogs
Authors: Blackwood L. , Dobson J. M. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To evaluate response to radiotherapy in dogs with oral malignant melanomas.

Design
Clinical trial.

Animals
36 dogs with histologically confirmed oral malignant melanomas.

Procedure
The prescribed radiation dose was 36 Gy given in 4 fractions of 9 Gy at 7-day intervals. The primary radiation source was a linear accelerator.

Results
In 25 of 36 dogs, complete remission was achieved, and in 9 dogs, partial remission was achieved. Recurrence of the primary tumor was the cause of euthanasia of 4 dogs. Twenty-one dogs were euthanatized because of metastasis.

Clinical Implications
Radiotherapy was an effective palliative treatment for the primary tumor in dogs with oral malignant melanomas. However, rapid development of metastatic disease remained a major challenge, (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;209:98–102)
Relationships among treatment for respiratory tract disease, pulmonary lesions evident at slaughter, and rate of weight gain in feedlot cattle
Authors: Wittum T. E. , Woollen N. E. , Perino L. J. , Littledike E. T. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To quantify the effects of treatment for clinical respiratory tract disease and pulmonary lesions identified at slaughter on rate of weight gain in feedlot cattle.

Design
Prospective longitudinal study

Animals
469 feedlot steers.

Procedure
Clinical respiratory tract disease was monitored between birth and slaughter. Steers were weaned at approximately 6 months old and entered into the feedlot for a mean of 273 days. Mean daily weight gain (MDG) was monitored during the feeding period. Lungs were collected at slaughter and evaluated for gross lesions indicative of active or resolved pneumonia.

Results
Mean daily weight gain during the feeding period was 1.30 kg, and ranged from 1.16 to 1.46 kg within individual pens. Thirty-five percent of steers received treatment for respiratory tract disease between birth and slaughter, whereas 72% had pulmonary lesions evident at slaughter. Among steers treated for clinical respiratory tract disease, 78% had pulmonary lesions, whereas 68% of untreated steers had pulmonary lesions. Pulmonary lesions at slaughter were associated (P < 0.01) with a 0.076-kg reduction in MDG during the feeding period. Treatment for clinical disease was not associated with MDG after adjustment for the effect of pulmonary lesions.

Clinical Implications
Treatment of clinically affected feedlot cattle may be inadequate to prevent significant production losses attributable to respiratory tract disease. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;209:814-818)
Tooth root abscesses in New World camelids: 23 cases (1972-1994)
Authors: Cebra Margaret L. , Cebra Christopher K. , Garry Franklyn B. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine typical clinical and radiographic findings in a group of New World camelids with tooth root abscesses and to determine outcome after medical and surgical treatment.

Design
Retrospective case series.

Animals
23 llamas and alpacas with radiographic and clinical evidence of tooth root abscesses.

Procedure
Disease history, signalment, physical and radiographic examination findings, bacteriologic culture results, treatment, and short-term and long-term outcome were retrieved from the medical records.

Results
Local swelling was the most common clinical abnormality in camelids with tooth root abscesses. Mandibular molars were affected most commonly, and bacteriologic culture of samples from lesions often revealed facultative anaerobic bacteria. Antibiotic treatment for at least 30 days, surgical extraction of the affected tooth, and a root canal procedure were used successfully to treat tooth root abscesses.

Clinical Implications
Both surgical and medical treatment of tooth root abscesses may lead to successful resolution of clinical signs in New World camelids. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;209:819–822)
Topical treatment of Pseudomonas spinfected corneal ulcers in horses: 70 cases (1977–1994)
Authors: Sweeney Corinne R. , Irby Nita L. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine which antimicrobial agents. were most effective against Pseudomonas sp-infected ulcerative keratitis, and identify any trends in the various clinical conditions associated with these bacteria that might assist in effective treatment of the disease.

Design
Retrospective case series

Animals
66 horses with 70 Pseudomonas sp-infected corneal ulcers.

Procedure
We reviewed medical records of horses admitted to the George D. Widener Hospital for Large Animals, University of Pennsylvania between July 1977 and December 1994. Records of horses that had Pseudomonas sp isolated from a corneal ulcer scraping or deep swab were included in the study.

Results
Aggressive topical medical treatment was successful in 57 ulcers and most likely would have been effective in 5 additional ulcers. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing indicated susceptibilities of 87, 85, and 93% to tobramycin, gentamicin, and amikacin, respectively. Although concurrent fungal infections were identified in only 2 of 35 ulcers examined, almost three fourths of the ulcers were treated with antifungal medications prophylactically. Clinical outcomes of the 70 affected eyes included: excellent vision with minimal leukoma, 73%; enucleation, 19%; blind phthisical eye, 4%; peripheral vision only, 3%; and euthanasia of newborn, 1%.

Clinical Implications
Aggressive topical medication with microbial agents effective against Pseudomonas sp can result in excellent vision with minimal leukoma in most horses with corneal ulcers. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;209:954-957)
Evaluation of a five-antigen ELISA for diagnosis of tuberculosis in cattle and Cervidae
Authors: Gaborick Cynthia M. , Salman M. D. , Ellis Robert P. , Triantis Joni 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine the validity of a 5-antigen ELISA for detection of tuberculosis in cattle and Cervidae.

Design
Cross-sectional observational study.

Sample Population
Serum samples collected from 5,304 cattle in 23 herds and 1,441 Cervidae in 12 herds.

Procedure
Discriminant analysis was used to determine the linear combination of antigens that accurately predicted the true Mycobacterium bovis infection status of the most animals. The resulting classification functions then were used to calculate the percentage of animals that were correctly classified (ie, sensitivity and specificity). The kappa statistic was calculated to evaluate different combinations of test results,

Results
Of the 23 cattle herds, 4 dairy and 2 beef herds were considered infected. Of the 12 Cervidae herds, 5 were considered infected. For cattle, the specificity and sensitivity of ELISA, using the discriminant function, were 56.4 and 65.6%, respectively. For Cervidae, the specificity and sensitivity of ELISA, using the discriminant function, were 78.6 and 70.0%, respectively.

Clinical Implications
Results suggest that the 5- antigen ELISA would not be a good test for tuberculosis, especially in cattle, if used alone. However, when results of the ELISA and tuberculin test were interpreted in parallel, sensitivity of the combination was greater than sensitivity of either test alone. Similarly, when results of the 2 tests were interpreted in series, specificity of the combination was greater than specificity of either test alone. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996; 209:962-966)
Inheritance of von Willebrand factor deficiency in Doberman Pinschers
Authors: Moser Janet , Meyers Kenneth Murray , Russon Robert Harland 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine the inheritance of von Willebrand factor (vWF) deficiency in Doberman Pinschers.

Design
Prospective, observational study.

Animals
26 adult Doberman Pinschers or mixedbreed dogs and 101 pups produced from 18 matings between adult dogs.

Procedure
Measurement of plasma vWF concentrations in parents and progeny. On the basis of plasma vWF concentrations, dogs were grouped as normal (75 to 160 U of vWF/dl), midrange (≥ 30 and < 75 U of vWF/dI), or low (< 30 U of vWF/dI).

Results
The percentile distribution of VWF concentrations was trimodal. Distribution between dogs with low and midrange plasma vWF concentrations changed sharply, whereas the change between dogs with midrange and normal plasma vWF concentrations was gradual. Three matings between dogs with low VWF concentrations produced 13 offspring, all with low VWF concentrations. Two matings between dogs with normal plasma vWF concentrations produced 14 offspring, all with normal VWF concentrations. Eight matings between dogs with normal and low plasma VWEF concentrations produced 54 offspring, 40 with midrange, 13 with normal, and 1 with low vWF concentrations. There were 5 matings of dogs with midrange plasma vWF concentrations to dogs with low, midrange, or high VWF concentrations. The results of all matings were consistent with a single gene defect where each normal allele produced half the total amount of vWF when both alleles are normal and each defective allele produced < 15 U of vWF/dI.

Clinical Implications
Dogs with low plasma vVWF concentrations may be homozygous for the defective allele, whereas dogs with midrange plasma vWF concentrations may be heterozygous. It can be difficult to distinguish normal homozygotes from heterozygotes if evaluation is based only on plasma vWF concentration. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;209:1103-1106)