bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histological analysis of gastritis and Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with early gastric cancer: A case‐control study
Authors: Fukuda Shinsaku , Tanaka Masanori , Soma Yasushi , Shimoyama Tadashi , Mikami Tatsuya , Crabtree Jean E , Saito Hiroshi , Munakata Akihiro , Yoshida Yutaka 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground and AimsInfection with Helicobacter pylori is associated with an increased risk of gastric adenocarcinoma. However, most patients with H. pylori infection will not develop gastric cancer. The aims of the present study were to examine which histological features, including H. pylori infection, would increase the risk of gastric cancer using a case‐control study.MethodsThree gastric biopsy specimens were taken from 72 patients with early gastric cancer and 72 age‐ and sex‐matched control subjects. The grade of gastritis was examined according to the updated Sydney System. The presence of H. pylori infection was determined by serology and histology. Odds ratio (OR) of developing gastric cancer was calculated for H. pylori positivity and histological features using conditional logistic regression. For patients with H. pylori infection, histological features in cancer patients and control subjects were compared.ResultsThe OR of the presence of mononuclear cell infiltration in the corpus and intestinal metaplasia in the angulus were significantly elevated. The grade of mononuclear cell infiltration in the corpus and antrum was significantly higher in both types of cancer patients than controls. Glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia were increased in patients with intestinal‐type cancer in the angulus and antrum. Bacterial density in the corpus and polymorphonuclear cell infiltration in the antrum were increased in patients with diffuse‐type cancer.ConclusionsSevere chronic gastritis induced by H. pylori infection seems to be associated with diffuse‐type gastric cancer. Glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia, which occur in gastric mucosa with chronic inflammation, are significantly associated with intestinal‐type cancer.
Role of hiatus hernia and gastric mucosal atrophy in the development of reflux esophagitis in the elderly
Authors: Amano Kazutoshi , Adachi Kyoichi , Katsube Tomoko , Watanabe Makoto , Kinoshita Yoshikazu 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground and Aims: The pathogenetic mechanism responsible for the increased prevalence of reflux esophagitis in the elderly remains controversial. The aim of this study was to determine if an increased occurrence of hiatus hernia (HH) and/or a lower rate of gastric mucosal atrophy (GMA) are the main causes of the increased prevalence of reflux esophagitis in elderly patients.Methods: The prevalence of HH, GMA, and reflux esophagitis was investigated by reviewing the endoscopic films of 2788 consecutive patients examined during a 3‐year period.Results: The prevalence of esophagitis in males was higher than in females (11.6%vs 7.6%, P < 0.0005). The prevalence of reflux esophagitis and HH was found to increase with age in females, but not in male patients. The prevalence of reflux esophagitis in hernia‐positive patients also increased with age in women, but not in men. Age, male gender, presence of HH, and closed‐type of GMA were significant risk factors for the prevalence of esophagitis (P = 0.0001, 0.0229, < 0.0001, < 0.0001, respectively). In addition, the risk ratios of HH and low‐grade GMA for reflux esophagitis increased with age, and this tendency was higher in female patients than in males.Conclusions: Aging, male gender, HH and closed‐type GMA are most likely the risk factors of endoscopically proven reflux esophagitis in Japanese patients.
Investigation of the extent of gastric metaplasia in the duodenal bulb by using methylene blue staining
Authors: Chang Chun‐Chao , Pan Shiann , Lien Gi‐Shih , Chen Sheng‐Hsuan , Cheng Chien‐Jui , Liu Jean‐Dean , Cheng Yeong‐Shan , Suk Fat‐Moon 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground and Aims: The existence of gastric metaplasia (GM) of the duodenal mucosa has been considered to be highly related to the recurrence of duodenal ulcers (DU). The aims of this study are to evaluate the usefulness of methylene blue staining in the detection of GM, and to clarify the relationship between GM and the deformity of the duodenal bulb.Methods: Fifteen patients with healed DU and four patients with symptoms of dyspepsia without evidence of ulcers were enrolled into this endoscopic study. During each endoscopy, methylene blue was sprayed evenly on the duodenal bulb, and biopsies were taken from blue‐stained and unstained areas. The existence and extent of GM were assessed histologically and grossly. The correlation between duodenal bulb deformity and the extent of GM was also studied.Results: The mean score of methylene blue non‐staining (MBNS) was 0, 1.30 ± 0.15, and 3.00 ± 0.00 in group A (non‐ulcer patients), group B (patients with healed DU and with normal‐shaped bulb) and C (patients with healed DU and with deformed duodenal bulb), respectively; showing significant differences among the groups (P < 0.05 in each). Both the existence and the grading of GM were higher in unstained specimens than in blue‐stained specimens (100 vs 16.6%, P < 0.0001 and 3.62 ± 0.09 vs 0.19 ± 0.06, P < 0.001, respectively).Conclusions: Methylene blue non‐staining can be applied to investigate the existence and extent of GM in the duodenal bulb accurately. The incidence of GM in the duodenal bulb was higher in patients with healed ulcers than in non‐ulcer patients. Patients with deformed duodenal bulbs have a higher extent of GM than those without deformed duodenal bulbs.
Protective effect of rebamipide on indomethacin‐induced intestinal damage in rats
Authors: Mizoguchi Hiroyuki , Ogawa Yoshihiro , Kanatsu Kenji , Tanaka Akiko , Kato Shinichi , Takeuchi Koji 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground and Aim: We evaluated the effect of rebamipide (2‐(4‐chlorobenzoylamino)‐3‐[2(1H)‐quinolinon‐4‐yl] propionic acid), a novel anti‐ulcer drug, on indomethacin‐induced small intestinal lesions in rats.Methods: The animals were administered indomethacin (10 mg/kg, s.c.), and they were killed 24 h later. Rebamipide (30–300 mg/kg) was administered p.o. twice, 30 min before, and 6 h after indomethacin.Results: Indomethacin caused hemorrhagic lesions in the rat small intestine, accompanied by an increase in enterobacterial translocation, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities, as well as thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reactants, and these changes were significantly prevented by the supplementation with 16,16‐dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (dmPGE2; 10 μg/kg, i.v.) or the pretreatment of animals with the antibiotic ampicillin. Treatment of the animals with rebamipide dose‐dependently prevented the development of intestinal lesions, and this effect was mimicked by i.v. administration of superoxide dismutase (SOD: 3000 U/kg) + catalase (CAT: 5000 U/kg). The protection by rebamipide was accompanied by a significant suppression of the increase in both MPO and iNOS activities, and a complete inhibition of the increase in TBA reactants, while SOD + CAT significantly inhibited the increase of MPO activity and TBA reactants, but not iNOS activity. The bacterial translocation following indomethacin was also significantly decreased by either rebamipide or SOD + CAT.Conclusion: These results confirmed the importance of enterobacteria and iNOS/NO in the pathogenesis of indomethacin‐induced small intestinal lesions, and suggested that rebamipide prevents the development of these lesions, probably by its radical scavenging action.
Autoimmune hepatitis in Singapore: A rare syndrome affecting middle‐aged women
Authors: Lee Yin Mei , Teo Eng Kiong , Ng Tay Meng , Khor Christopher , Fock Kwong Ming 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground and Aim: The prevalence of autoimmune hepatitis in Singapore is unknown. Over a period of 7 years, 24 cases were diagnosed in a district general hospital in Singapore (Toa Payoh Hospital) by using the scoring system proposed by the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group in 1993. The aims of our study were to determine the prevalence of autoimmune hepatitis in Singapore, and to investigate the characteristics and prognosis in the mainly Chinese population.Methods: The case records of all 24 patients were reviewed, and the following parameters were recorded: age at presentation, sex, symptoms and signs at presentation, past exposure to hepatotoxic drugs, alcohol intake, blood transfusion laboratory and histological tests used to determine autoimmune hepatitis, response to treatment, complications, and survival.Results: The mean age of patients was 57 years old. There was a female–male ratio of 11:1. Forty‐two percent of the patients were cirrhotic at presentation. The prevalence of autoimmune hepatitis was four per 100 000, with no significant difference between Chinese, Malay and Indian patients (Odds ratio of 0.38 by the chi‐squared test). Eighty‐nine percent of the patients responded to treatment with the induction of prednisolone, but the relapse rate was 61%. Treatment failure occurred in one patient. The mortality rate during the 7 years of follow up was 21%, and all were caused by complications of cirrhosis. The survival at 5 years was 71%, with a standard error of 0.13.Conclusion: Autoimmune hepatitis in Singapore is mainly a disease in older women. The response to steroid treatment is good, with a 5‐year survival rate of 71%.
Distribution of collagen type IV α1–6 chains in human normal colorectum and colorectal cancer demonstrated by immunofluorescence staining using chain‐specific epitope‐defined monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Oka Yuko , Naito Ichiro , Manabe Koji , Sado Yoshikazu , Matsushima Hiroshi , Ninomiya Yoshifumi , Mizuno Motowo , Tsuji Takao 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground and Aim: Loss of basement membrane (BM) components, such as type IV collagen, has been demonstrated in colorectal cancer, but the fine diversity of the assembly of α (IV) chains, the composition of type IV collagen, and alterations in the collagen have not been fully analyzed. Here, we defined immunohistochemically the expression of α1–6 (IV) chains in colorectal cancer tissues and adjacent normal mucosa by the use of chain‐specific monoclonal antibodies.Methods: Tissue samples of tumor and adjacent normal mucosa obtained from patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma were stained with chain‐specific monoclonal antibodies raised against synthetic peptides of individual α (IV) chains using an indirect immunofluorescence method.Results: In the normal mucosa, α1 (IV), α2 (IV), α5 (IV), and α6 (IV) were found in the BM‐delineating mucosal epithelium and the gland crypts, whereas α3 (IV) and α4 (IV) were limited to the BM of the luminal surface epithelium. In contrast, staining of α3–6 (IV) was rarely observed in the BM of cancer cells. Staining of α1 (IV) and α2 (IV) was reduced or lost from the cancer BM in relation to the degree of tumor differentiation: continuous staining in well‐differentiated portions, discontinuous staining in moderately differentiated portions, and absence of staining in poorly differentiated portions.Conclusions: Our findings indicate that type IV collagen expression is altered in the BM of colorectal cancer as a result of changes of α (IV) chain expression, particularly α1 (IV) and α2 (IV), in relation to the degree of tumor differentiation.© 2002 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd
Minimal expression of the proto‐oncogene int‐2 encoded protein in a series of colorectal carcinomas
Authors: Papanikolaou Ioannis S , Lazaris Andreas C , Kavantzas Nikolaos , Davaris Panayiotis S 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: Int‐2 (fibroblast growth factor‐3) is a gene that belongs to the fibroblast growth factor gene family. It has been implicated in the carcinogenesis of several types of cancer, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, breast, head, and neck and lung carcinomas; but no firm data on its biological activity regarding neoplasms arising from the glandular epithelia of the gastrointestinal tract exists.Methods: In the present immunohistochemical study, we investigated the presence of int‐2 encoded protein in a panel of 80 cases of colon carcinoma of various stages, grades and sizes. A sheep antihuman int‐2 antibody was applied to paraffin‐embedded tissue sections from the tumor samples. The percentage of int‐2 immunostaining in the positively stained specimens was evaluated by image analysis.Results: Int‐2
was positively detected in only four tumors (i.e. 5% of the cases examined). All immunopositive cases were moderately differentiated tumors; the adjacent mucosa did not express
int‐2 protein. The relevant patients were male.Conclusion: These findings suggest that the role of int‐2 in colorectal carcinogenesis is probably a limited one.
Evolution of hypoxemia in patients with severe cirrhosis
Authors: Colle Isabelle , Langlet Philippe , Barrière Eric , Heller Jörg , Rassiat Emmanuel , Condat Bertrand , Carayon Alain , Valla Dominique , Moreau Richard , Lebrec Didier 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground and Aim: Hypoxemia is common in patients with cirrhosis but the natural history of this syndrome is unknown. The aim of this study was to follow a series of patients with cirrhosis and to compare patients with and without hypoxemia to determine their risk of complications and survival rate.Methods: Fifty‐eight consecutive Child–Pugh C patients with cirrhosis were included and followed up for 1–18 months. Blood gas measurements and plasma endothelin levels were measured in all patients. Blood gas measurements were repeated in 34 patients.Results: Hypoxemia was present in 35 patients (60%) (alveolar‐arterial oxygen (AaO2) gradient > 20 mmHg) but none had pulmonary symptoms. There was no significant difference in liver tests and plasma endothelin levels between hypoxemic and non‐hypoxemic patients. The occurrence of variceal bleeding and survival rate was not significantly different between the two groups. The AaO2 gradient worsened in nine patients and normalized in six of the hypoxemic patients. The AaO2 gradient increased to more than 20 mmHg in seven non‐hypoxemic patients. There was no relationship between AaO2 gradient changes and Child–Pugh score grade changes.Conclusion: Asymptomatic hypoxemia is common in patients with severe cirrhosis but it is not a predictive factor of short‐term complications or mortality. These results should be considered when deciding on liver transplantation.
Late hemodynamic changes following controlled hemorrhage and volume restitution with blood or Haemaccel in anesthetized portal hypertensive rats
Authors: HILZENRAT NIR , YAARI ARIEH , SIKULER EMANUEL 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Background and Aim
: In portal hypertensive rats, hemorrhage and acute volume restitution with Haemaccel induced increased cardiac output and portal venous inflow. In the present study, the late hemodynamic effects of this procedure were explored.
Methods
: Portal hypertension was induced by portal vein constriction. Blood was withdrawn 11.2 ± 3.2 days later, at a rate of 0.3 mL/min, for 15 min, followed by 15 min of stabilization. Haemaccel or blood were infused at the same rate and volume used for withdrawal. Hemodynamic measurements were performed after 24 h, using radioactive microspheres. Viscosity was measured with an Ostwald viscometer. Vascular hindrance was calculated as resistance/viscosity ratio.
Results
: Blood viscosity of the Haemaccel group (n = 11), was lower than in the blood group (n = 11): 2.7 ± 0.2 versus 4.0 ± 0.4 (P < 0.01). Arterial pressure, cardiac output, peripheral resistance, portal pressure, portal venous inflow and splanchnic arteriolar resistance were not significantly different. Splanchnic arteriolar and portocollateral hindrance were higher in the Haemaccel group (11.7 ± 5.3 and 1.5 ± 0.6 vs 7.7 ± 3.0 and 0.9 ± 0.4 mmHg × min × 100 gram body weight/mL, respectively, P < 0.05).
Conclusion
: In portal hypertensive rats, vital organs perfusion, 24 h after hemorrhage and isovolemic volume restitution with Haemaccel and blood, was similar. However, in Haemaccel‐transfused animals, a reduction in vascular hindrance, indicating vasoconstriction, was observed in the splanchnic organs, which drain into the portal circulation. Vasoconstriction of the portocollateral vascular bed was observed as well. We suggest that slow‐rate volume replacement during a portal‐hypertensive‐related bleeding episode enables hemodynamic adaptation to occur. Thus, undesirable hyperdynamic changes, which may aggravate secondary bleeding, are attenuated.© 2002 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd
c‐kit Gene mutation at exon 17 or 13 is very rare in sporadic gastrointestinal stromal tumors
Authors: KINOSHITA KAZUO , ISOZAKI KOJI , HIROTA SEIICHI , NISHIDA TOSHIROU , CHEN HUI , NAKAHARA MASANORI , NAGASAWA YUTAKA , OHASHI AKIKO , SHINOMURA YASUHISA , KITAMURA YUKIHIKO , MATSUZAWA YUJI 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the human gut. They frequently have gain‐of‐function mutations of the c‐kit gene, which encodes a receptor, tyrosine kinase. The mutations were found at exon 11 in most cases, and either at exon 9 or at exon 13 in rare cases. Recently, we found a family with multiple GIST and a gain‐of‐function mutation at exon 17. The family was the first reported GIST case with c‐kit gene mutation at exon 17 including sporadic GIST. Although we previously reported that the c‐kit gene mutation at exon 17 was not detected in 124 sporadic GIST by single‐strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis, the mutation at exon 17 observed in the familial GIST was detectable by the use of direct sequencing but not by our SSCP method. In the present study, we examined the mutations at exon 17 and exon 13 by using direct sequencing.Methods:  Genomic DNA was extracted from formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded GIST tissues. We could obtain 143 sporadic GIST cases appropriate for DNA analysis at exon 17 and 141 at exon 13. Exons 17 and 13 were amplified by using polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing was conducted.Results:  No mutation was found at exon 17, and only one case with the mutation at exon 13 was observed. The GIST with the mutation at exon 13 was large and showed frequent mitosis, and the patient died of the recurrent GIST 3 years after the first operation.Conclusion:  The mutation at exons 17 or 13 was considered to be very rare in sporadic GIST.
Child injury mortality in New Zealand 1986–95
Authors: Kypri K , Chalmers Dj , Langley Jd , Wright Cs 
Published: March 2003

Objectives: Injury has been described as ‘the last major plague of the young’. We provide an epidemiological description of injury, as a leading cause of death in New Zealand, and identify options for prevention.Methods: We identified all deaths due to any cause for the period 1986–95 from the national data and calculated the potential years of life lost for each death. For the same period, we identified all injury deaths for children aged 0–14 years. Causes of injury were examined in four age groups.Results: In the population as a whole, injury was the fourth leading cause of death and the leading cause of potential years of life lost. Injury killed children at the rate of 16.8 per 100 000 person‐years. The victims were predominantly male (62%) and 52% were under 5 years of age. In infancy (< 1 year of age), suffocation was the leading cause of injury mortality. From 1 to 14 years of age, motor vehicle traffic incidents were the leading cause of mortality.Conclusions: Motor vehicle traffic incidents, drowning, suffocation and suicide stood out as areas with the greatest potential for reducing child injury mortality. A number of existing prevention strategies show promise (e.g. child restraints), others are inadequately implemented (e.g. swimming pool fencing) or are of unknown efficacy (e.g. government suicide prevention policies). Strategies to reduce infant suffocation and child non‐traffic pedestrian deaths remain to be developed and tested.
Clinical predictors of abnormal computed tomography scans in paediatric head injury
Authors: Ng SM , Toh EM , Sherrington CA 
Published: March 2003

Objective:  To evaluate whether clinical features associated with head injury in children can be correlated with an abnormal computed tomography (CT) scan.Methodology:  Three hundred and eleven children aged 14 years or younger admitted with a diagnosis of acute head injury were studied retrospectively.Results:  A Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 12 or lower and the presence of focal neurological deficits were significant predictors of an abnormal CT scan. Ninety‐five per cent of those with abnormal CT scans and 100% of those with intracranial injury could be identified by the presence of one or more of the nine clinical findings, particularly by a GCS score of 12 or lower, and the presence of focal neurological deficits. Identification was also possible to a lesser degree by loss of consciousness, ataxia, amnesia, drowsiness, headache, seizure or vomiting.Conclusion:  Use of CT scans can be limited to children with ongoing specific symptoms and/or focal neurological signs. The implementation of guidelines in the management of head injuries in children could have a substantial effect on clinical practice and health‐care costs.
Infant‐furniture‐related injuries among preschool children in New Zealand, 1987−1996
Authors: Morrison L , Chalmers DJ , Parry ML , Wright CS 
Published: March 2003

Objective:  To describe the epidemiology of infant‐furniture‐related fatalities and hospitalizations in New Zealand, for children aged 0−4 years.Methods:  Infant‐furniture‐related deaths and hospitalizations were selected from the New Zealand Health Information Service databases for the 10‐year period 1987−1996. Intentional injuries were excluded.Results:  Forty‐three fatalities were identified. Twenty‐two fatalities (51%) occurred in cots, while 13 (30%) occurred in beds. Other products involved were prams, push chairs, high chairs, car seats, portable cots and walkers. A total of 1679 infants were hospitalized through infant‐furniture‐related injuries. Increasing trends in hospitalizations for baby walkers, beds and bunks were observed.Conclusions:  On average, four infants die each year from injuries related to infant furniture, and hospitalizations from injuries associated with infant furniture use are increasing. Mandatory standards are one measure to reduce these numbers, but education is also necessary.