bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relevance of tissue Doppler in the quantification of stress echocardiography for the detection of myocardial ischemia in clinical practice
Authors: Sicari Rosa 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn the present article we review the main published data on the application of Tissue Doppler Imaging (TDI) to stress echocardiography for the detection of myocardial ischemia. TDI has been applied to stress echocardiography in order to overcome the limitations of visual analysis for myocardial ischemia. The introduction of a new technology for clinical routine use should pass through the different phases of scientific assessment from feasibility studies to large multicenter studies, from efficacy to effectiveness studies. Nonetheless the pro-technology bias plays a major role in medicine and expensive and sophisticated techniques are accepted before their real usefulness and incremental value to the available ones is assessed. Apparently, TDI is not exempted by this approach : its applications are not substantiated by strong and sound results. Nonetheless, conventional stress echocardiography for myocardial ischemia detection is heavily criticized on the basis of its subjectivity. Stress echocardiography has a long lasting history and the evidence collected over 20 years positioned it as an established tool for the detection and prognostication of coronary artery disease. The quantitative assessment of myocardial ischemia remains a scientific challenge and a clinical goal but time has not come for these newer ultrasonographic techniques which should be restricted to research laboratories.
Identifying genetic networks underlying myometrial transition to labor
Authors: Salomonis Nathan , Cotte Nathalie , Zambon Alexander C , Pollard Katherine S , Vranizan Karen , Doniger Scott W , Dolganov Gregory , Conklin Bruce R 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
Background
Early transition to labor remains a major cause of infant mortality, yet the causes are largely unknown. Although several marker genes have been identified, little is known about the underlying global gene expression patterns and pathways that orchestrate these striking changes.

Results
We performed a detailed time-course study of over 9,000 genes in mouse myometrium at defined physiological states: non-pregnant, mid-gestation, late gestation, and postpartum. This dataset allowed us to identify distinct patterns of gene expression that correspond to phases of myometrial 'quiescence', 'term activation', and 'postpartum involution'. Using recently developed functional mapping tools (HOPACH (hierarchical ordered partitioning and collapsing hybrid) and GenMAPP 2.0), we have identified new potential transcriptional regulatory gene networks mediating the transition from quiescence to term activation.

Conclusions
These results implicate the myometrium as an essential regulator of endocrine hormone (cortisol and progesterone synthesis) and signaling pathways (cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP stimulation) that direct quiescence via the transcripitional upregulation of both novel and previously associated regulators. With term activation, we observe the upregulation of cytoskeletal remodeling mediators (intermediate filaments), cell junctions, transcriptional regulators, and the coordinate downregulation of negative control checkpoints of smooth muscle contractile signaling. This analysis provides new evidence of multiple parallel mechanisms of uterine contractile regulation and presents new putative targets for regulating myometrial transformation and contraction.
Dietary Counseling Improves Patient Outcomes: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial in Colorectal Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy
Authors: Ravasco Paula , Monteiro-Grillo Isabel , Vidal Pedro Marques , Camilo Maria Ermelinda 
Published: February 2005

Purpose To investigate the impact of dietary counseling or nutritional supplements on outcomes in cancer patients: nutritional, morbidity, and quality of life (QoL) during and 3 months after radiotherapy. Patients and Methods A total of 111 colorectal cancer outpatients referred for radiotherapy, stratified by staging, were randomly assigned: group 1 (G1; n = 37), dietary counseling (regular foods); group 2 (G2; n = 37), protein supplements; and group 3 (G3; n = 37), ad libitum intake. Nutritional intake (diet history), status (Ottery's Subjective Global Assessment), and QoL (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire version 3.0) were evaluated at baseline, at the end, and 3 months after radiotherapy. Results At radiotherapy completion, energy intake increased in G1/G2 (P ≤ .04), G1 more than G2 (P = .001), and decreased in G3 (P < .01). Protein intake increased in G1/G2 (P ≤ .007), G1 less than G2 (not significant), and decreased in G3 (P < .01). At 3 months, G1 maintained nutritional intake and G2/G3 returned to baseline. After radiotherapy and at 3 months, rates of anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea were higher in G3 (P < .05). At radiotherapy completion, in G1 all QoL function scores improved proportionally to adequate intake or nutritional status (P < .05); whereas in G2 only three of six function scores improved proportionally to protein intake (P = .04), and in G3 all scores worsened (P < .05). At 3 months, G1 patients maintained/improved function, symptoms, and single-item scores (P < .02); in G2, only few function and symptom scales improved (P < .05); in G3, QoL remained as poor as after radiotherapy. In G1/G2, respectively, improvement/deterioration of QoL correlated with better or poorer intake or nutritional status (P < .003). Conclusion During radiotherapy, both interventions positively influenced outcomes; dietary counseling was of similar or higher benefit, whereas even 3 months after RT, it was the only method to sustain a significant impact on patient outcomes.
Androgen Suppression Plus Radiation Versus Radiation Alone for Patients With Stage D1/Pathologic Node-Positive Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate: Updated Results Based on National Prospective Randomized Trial Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 85-31
Authors: Lawton Colleen A. , Winter Kathryn , Grignon David , Pilepich Miljenko V. 
Published: January 2005

Purpose To update the effect of immediate androgen suppression in conjunction with standard external-beam irradiation versus radiation alone on a group of histologically lymph node-positive patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Materials and Methods A national prospective randomized trial (Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 85-31) of standard external-beam irradiation plus immediate androgen suppression versus external-beam irradiation alone was initiated in 1985 for patients with locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the prostate. One hundred seventy-three patients in this trial had histologically involved lymph nodes. Ninety-eight patients received radiation plus immediate androgen suppression (luteinizing hormone–releasing hormone [LHRH] agonist), whereas 75 patients received radiation alone with hormonal manipulation instituted at the time of relapse. Results With a median follow-up of 6.5 years for all patients and 9.5 years for living patients, estimated progression-free survival with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level less than 1.5 ng/mL at 5 and 9 years was 54% and 10%, respectively, for patients who received immediate LHRH agonist versus 33% and 4% for patients who received radiation alone with hormonal manipulation instituted at time of relapse (P < .0001). Multivariate analysis revealed radiation therapy and immediate hormonal manipulation as having a statistically significant impact on all end points analyzed: absolute survival, disease-specific failure, metastatic failure, and biochemical control with PSA less than 4 ng/mL and less than 1.5 ng/mL. Conclusion Pending the results of randomized trials, patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate who have pathologically involved pelvic lymph nodes (pathologic node-positive or clinical stage D1) should be considered for external-beam irradiation plus immediate hormonal manipulation rather than radiation alone with hormone manipulation at the time of relapse.
Study of the Biologic Effects of Lapatinib, a Reversible Inhibitor of ErbB1 and ErbB2 Tyrosine Kinases, on Tumor Growth and Survival Pathways in Patients With Advanced Malignancies
Authors: Spector Neil L. , Xia Wenle , Burris Howard , Hurwitz Herbert , Dees E. Claire , Dowlati Afshin , O'Neil Bert , Overmoyer Beth , Marcom Paul K. , Blackwell Kimberly L. , Smith Deborah A. , Koch Kevin M. , Stead Andrew , Mangum Steven , Ellis Matthew J. , Liu Leihua , Man Albert K. , Bremer Troy M. , Harris Jennifer , Bacus Sarah 
Published: February 2005

Purpose This was a pilot study to assess the biologic effects of lapatinib on various tumor growth/survival pathways in patients with advanced ErbB1 and/or ErbB2-overexpressing solid malignancies. Patients and Methods Heavily pretreated patients with metastatic cancers overexpressing ErbB2 and/or expressing ErbB1 were randomly assigned to one of five dose cohorts of lapatinib ( GW572016 ) administered orally once daily continuously. The biologic effects of lapatinib on tumor growth and survival pathways were assessed in tumor biopsies obtained before and after 21 days of therapy. Clinical response was determined at 8 weeks. Results Sequential tumor biopsies from 33 patients were examined. Partial responses occurred in four patients with breast cancer, and disease stabilization occurred in 11 others with various malignancies. Responders exhibited variable levels of inhibition of p-ErbB1, p-ErbB2, p-Erk1/2, p-Akt, cyclin D1, and transforming growth factor alpha. Even some nonresponders demonstrated varying degrees of biomarker inhibition. Increased tumor cell apoptosis (TUNEL) occurred in patients with evidence of tumor regression but not in nonresponders (progressive disease). Clinical response was associated with a pretreatment TUNEL score > 0 and increased pretreatment expression of ErbB2, p-ErbB2, Erk1/2, p-Erk1/2, insulin-like growth factor receptor-1, p70 S6 kinase, and transforming growth factor alpha compared with nonresponders. Conclusion Lapatinib exhibited preliminary evidence of biologic and clinical activity in ErbB1 and/or ErbB2-overexpressing tumors. However, the limited sample size of this study and the variability of the biologic endpoints suggest that further work is needed to prioritize biomarkers for disease-directed studies, and underscores the need for improved trial design strategies in early clinical studies of targeted agents.
Americium(III)/curium(III) separation by countercurrent chromatography using malonamide extractants
Authors: Myasoedov B. F. , Maryutina T. A. , Litvina M. N. , Malikov D. A. , Kulyako Yu. M. , Spivakov B. Ya. , Hill Clement , Adnet J.-M. , Lecomte M. , Madic Charles 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
The separation of Am(III) and Cm(III) by countercurrent chromatography (CCC) was achieved using the liquid phase systems "diamide–hydrogenated tetrapropylene (TPH)–HNO3" following the optimisation of: (i) the compositions of the mobile (HNO3 concentration) and the stationary (nature of the diamide and its concentration in TPH) phases, (ii) column length and (iii) operating parameters of the CCC (flow rate of the mobile phase and rotation speed of the coil column).
The following diamide extractants have been studied: (i) N,N´-dimethyl-N,N´-dibutyltetradecylmalonamide (DMDBTDMA), (ii) N,N´-dimethyl-N,N´-dioctylhexyl-ethoxymalonamide (DMDOHEMA) and (iii) N,N´-dimethyl-N,N´-dibutyldodecylethoxymalonamide (DMDBDDEMA). It is shown that these diamides can be used for the separation of Am(III) and Cm(III) by CCC. Increasing the column length leads to an increase of the stationary phase retention on the column while improving the Am/Cm separation. Increasing the speed of rotation of the centrifuge from 660 to 950 rpm also results in increasing the stationary phase retention but does not influence the resolution of the Am/Cm separation. Decreasing the flow rate of the mobile phase from 1.0 to 0.5 mL/min leads to a better resolution of Am and Cm separation. The best Am/Cm separation was achieved with systems based on DMDBDDEMA and DMDOHEMA in TPH using a two-layer coil column and an isocratic elution mode. The application of CCC makes it possible to separate the elements within 100 min: the Cm fraction contains 99.5% of Cm(III) and 0.6% of Am(III) inventories and the Am fraction contains 99.4% of Am(III) and 0.5% of Cm(III).
Developing Indigenous Rights
Authors: Schwartzman Stephan 
Published: January 2005

Indigenous Peoples, Ethnic Groups and the State. David Maybury‐Lewis. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon, 1997.168 pp.Malaysia and the Original People:. Case Study of the Impact of Development on Indigenous Peoples. Robert Knox Dentan. Kirk Endicott. Alberto G. Gomes. and M. B. Hooker. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon, 1997. 175 pp.Forest Dwellers, Forest Protectors: Indigenous Models for International Development. Richard Reed. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon, 1997. 135 pp.
A Model Selection-Based Interval-Mapping Method for Autopolyploids
Authors: Cao Dachuang , Craig Bruce A , Doerge R W 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWhile extensive progress has been made in quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping for diploid species, similar progress in QTL mapping for polyploids has been limited due to the complex genetic architecture of polyploids. To date, QTL mapping in polyploids has focused mainly on tetraploids with dominant and/or codominant markers. Here, we extend this view to include any even ploidy level under a dominant marker system. Our approach first selects the most likely chromosomal marker configurations using a Bayesian selection criterion and then fits an interval-mapping model to each candidate. Profiles of the likelihood-ratio test statistic and the maximum-likelihood estimates (MLEs) of parameters including QTL effects are obtained via the EM algorithm. Putative QTL are then detected using a resampling-based significance threshold, and the corresponding parental configuration is identified to be the underlying parental configuration from which the data are observed. Although presented via pseudo-doubled backcross experiments, this approach can be readily extended to other breeding systems. Our method is applied to single-dose restriction fragment autotetraploid alfalfa data, and the performance is investigated through simulation studies.
Abrogation of the Chk1-Pds1 Checkpoint Leads to Tolerance of Persistent Single-Strand Breaks in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Karumbati Anandi S , Wilson Thomas E 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIn budding yeast, Apn1, Apn2, Tpp1, and Rad1/Rad10 are important enzymes in the removal of spontaneous DNA lesions. apn1 apn2 rad1 yeast are inviable due to accumulation of abasic sites and strand breaks with 3′ blocking lesions. We found that tpp1 apn1 rad1 yeast exhibited slow growth but frequently gave rise to spontaneous slow growth suppressors that segregated as single-gene mutations. Using a candidate gene approach, we identified several tpp1 apn1 rad1 suppressors. Deleting uracil glycosylase suppressed both tpp1 apn1 rad1 and apn1 apn2 rad1 growth defects by reducing the abasic site burden. Mutants affecting the Chk1-Pds1 metaphase-anaphase checkpoint only suppressed tpp1 apn1 rad1 slow growth. In contrast, most S-phase checkpoint mutants were synthetically lethal in a tpp1 apn1 rad1 background. Epistasis analyses showed an additive effect between chk1 and ung1, indicating different mechanisms of suppression. Loss of Chk1 partially restored cell-growth parameters in tpp1 apn1 rad1 yeast, but at the same time exacerbated chromosome instability. We propose a model in which recombinational repair during S phase coupled with failure of the metaphase-anaphase checkpoint allows for tolerance of persistent single-strand breaks at the expense of genome stability.
Abnormal Cerebral Structure Is Present at Term in Premature Infants
Authors: Inder Terrie E. , Warfield Simon K. , Wang Hong , Hüppi Petra S. , Volpe Joseph J. 
Published: February 2005

Background. Long-term studies of the outcome of very prematurely born infants have clearly documented that the majority of such infants have significant motor, cognitive, and behavioral deficits. However, there is a limited understanding of the nature of the cerebral abnormality underlying these adverse neurologic outcomes.Aim. The overall aim of this study was to define quantitatively the alterations in cerebral tissue volumes at term equivalent in a large longitudinal cohort study of very low birth weight premature infants in comparison to term-born infants by using advanced volumetric 3-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. We also aimed to define any relationship of such perinatal lesions as white matter (WM) injury or other potentially adverse factors to the quantitative structural alterations. Additionally, we wished to identify the relationship of the structural alterations to short-term neurodevelopmental outcome.Methods. From November 1998 to December 2000, 119 consecutive premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care units at Christchurch Women’s Hospital (Christchurch, New Zealand) and the Royal Women’s Hospital (Melbourne, Australia) were recruited (88% of eligible) after informed parental consent to undergo an MRI scan at term equivalent. Twenty-one term-born infants across both sites were recruited also. Postacquisition advanced 3-dimensional tissue segmentation with 3-dimensional reconstruction was undertaken to estimate volumes of cerebral tissues: gray matter (GM; cortical and deep nuclear structures), WM (myelinated and unmyelinated), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).Results. In comparison to the term-born infants, the premature infants at term demonstrated prominent reductions in cerebral cortical GM volume (premature infants [mean ± SD]: 178 ± 41 mL; term infants: 227 ± 26 mL) and in deep nuclear GM volume (premature infants: 10.8 ± 4.1 mL; term infants: 13.8 ± 5.2 mL) and an increase in CSF volume (premature infants: 45.6 ± 22.1 mL; term infants: 28.9 ± 16 mL). The major predictors of altered cerebral volumes were gestational age at birth and the presence of cerebral WM injury. Infants with significantly reduced cortical GM and deep nuclear GM volumes and increased CSF volume volumes exhibited moderate to severe neurodevelopmental disability at 1 year of age.Conclusions. This MRI study of prematurely born infants further defines the nature of quantitative cerebral structural abnormalities present as early as term equivalent. The abnormalities particularly involve cerebral neuronal regions including both cortex and deep nuclear structures. The pattern of cerebral alterations is related most significantly to the degree of immaturity at birth and to concomitant WM injury. The alterations are followed by abnormal short-term neurodevelopmental outcome.
Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Children's Receipt of Health Care in the First 3 Years of Life
Authors: Minkovitz Cynthia S. , Strobino Donna , Scharfstein Dan , Hou William , Miller Tess , Mistry Kamila B. , Swartz Karen 
Published: February 2005

Background. Maternal depression is widely recognized to negatively influence mother-child interactions and children's behavior and development, but little is known about its relation to children's receipt of health care.Objective. To determine if maternal depressive symptoms reported at 2 to 4 and 30 to 33 months postpartum are associated with children's receipt of acute and preventive health care services in the first 30 months.Design. Cohort study of data collected prospectively as part of the National Evaluation of Healthy Steps for Young Children (HS). Data sources included medical records abstracted for the first 32 months, enrollment questionnaires, and parent interviews when children were 2 to 4 and 30 to 33 months old. Acute care use included hospitalizations and emergency department visits. Preventive care included well-child visits and vaccinations. Maternal depressive symptoms were assessed by using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale. Generalized linear models (logistic regression for dichotomous outcomes and Poisson regression for count outcomes) were used to estimate the effect of maternal depressive symptoms on children's receipt of care. The models were adjusted for baseline demographic characteristics, child health status, participation in HS, and site of enrollment.Results. Of the 5565 families enrolled in HS, 88% completed 2- to 4-month parent interviews, 67% completed 30- to 33-month parent interviews, and 96% had medical records abstracted. The percentages of mothers reporting depressive symptoms were 17.8% at 2 to 4 months, 15.5% at 30 to 33 months, and 6.4% at both. Children whose mothers had depressive symptoms at 2 to 4 months had increased use of acute care reported at 30 to 33 months including emergency department visits in the past year (odds ratio [OR]: 1.44; confidence interval [CI]: 1.17, 1.76). These children also had decreased receipt of preventive services including age-appropriate well-child visits (eg, at 12 months [OR: 0.80; CI: 0.67, 0.95]) and up-to-date vaccinations at 24 months for 4 doses of diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, 3 doses of polio vaccine, and 1 dose of measles-mumps-rubella (OR: 0.79; CI: 0.68, 0.93). There was no association of maternal depressive symptoms at 30 to 33 months with children's preceding use of care.Conclusions. Maternal depressive symptoms in early infancy contribute to unfavorable patterns of health care seeking for children. Increased provider training for recognizing maternal depressive symptoms in office settings, more effective systems of referral, and development of partnerships between adult and pediatric providers could contribute to enhanced receipt of care among young children.
Relationship Between the Clinical Likelihood of Group A Streptococcal Pharyngitis and the Sensitivity of a Rapid Antigen-Detection Test in a Pediatric Practice
Authors: Edmonson M. Bruce , Farwell Kathryn R. 
Published: February 2005

Objective. The sensitivity of a rapid antigen-detection test (RADT) for group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis is critical to whether the test is cost-effective and to whether a confirmatory throat culture is needed. We evaluated a second-generation RADT to determine if its sensitivity varies across the broad clinical spectrum of patients tested for GAS in pediatric outpatient practice.
Methods. We used laboratory logbooks from a single pediatric clinic to identify 1184 consecutive patient visits at which an RADT was performed. In a blinded chart review, we calculated McIsaac scores to separately estimate the pretest clinical likelihood of GAS pharyngitis for visits at which the RADT result was positive (n = 384) and for visits at which the result proved to be false-negative (n = 65). Positive RADT results were assumed to be true positives, and test sensitivity was estimated by dividing the number of positive results by the sum of positives and false-negatives.
Results. As the clinical likelihood of GAS increased, there were stepwise increases in RADT sensitivity (from 0.67 to 0.88). Sensitivity was low (0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.62–0.86) in patients clinically unlikely to have GAS (McIsaac score ≤2) and high (0.94; 95% CI: 0.89–0.99) in patients &lt;15 years old who had tonsillar exudate and no cough. False-negative RADT results were associated with lighter growth of GAS than found on specimens obtained from a random sample of clinic patients who had only primary throat cultures ordered.
Conclusions. For pediatric patients who are clinically unlikely to have GAS pharyngitis, as indicated by a McIsaac score ≤2, the sensitivity of a second-generation RADT may drop below thresholds reported for cost-effectiveness. For children who have tonsillar exudate and no cough, the test may be sensitive enough to meet current pediatric practice guidelines for stand-alone testing.