bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of economic incentives for Chinese university patent transfers: Is increasing the inventor share rate more effective?
Authors: Chang Xuhua , Gong Lei , Zhu Yali 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
To promote university patent transfer (UPT) and technology diffusion, the Chinese government has implemented a series of economic incentives. One such incentive involves increasing the share rate of faculty inventors from 20% to 50%. We investigate whether such sharing arrangements are effective in encouraging patent disclosure by faculty inventors and in ultimately enhancing UPT performance. To conduct our empirical analysis, we selected the top 35 universities in China based on their rankings in terms of patent applications and collected comprehensive data pertaining to their patent applications and faculty inventors. A regression model based on propensity score matching was developed to obtain the results. The results demonstrate that the economic incentives of increased inventor share rates only partly achieved the policy goals. Specifically, increasing the inventor’s share of equity exhibits positive influences on faculty invention disclosure rates at both the faculty and patent levels but a negative impact at the university level. It also leads to an improvement in university UPT performance. In contrast, increasing the inventor’s share of royalty fails to produce the desired effect. It does not significantly contribute to promoting invention disclosure or UPT performance. From these results, this study provides better ways for Chinese university administrators and policymakers to improve the future of invention disclosures and UPT.
Validation of the dew point chilled mirror method for the measurement of water activity on solid pharmaceutical products, testing the effect of different temperatures, sample preparations, and environment exposure times
Authors: Prada-Ramírez Harold Alexis , Jurado-Ramos Janeth Carolina , Fonseca-Acevedo Juan Camilo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this investigation is to validate the dew point chilled mirror method for quantifying water activity in tablets and capsules, evaluating the effects of different temperatures, sample preparations, and local environmental exposure times.Key findingsThe validation of an acute and precise water activity measurement method has become an important goal in the pharmaceutical industry, because it may help to predict the microbiological bioburden on solid products, since most xerophilic and osmophilic microorganisms are unable to grow at water activity levels below 0.60, to safely reduce the frequency of routine microbiological analysis using conventional methods. For all the solid samples tested, a suitability of method was carried out, considering the sample preparation, environmental exposure times, and different measuring temperatures. Following USP guidelines, essential parameters such as precision (SD &lt; 0.5), accuracy (% recovery in the 95%–105% range), linearity (R2 &gt; 0.99), ruggedness (ANOVA, P &lt; .05), robustness, operative range (aw 0.17–1), limits of detection (aw = 0.17), and limit of quantification (aw = 0.25) were met by the dew point methodology.ConclusionThe dew point chilled mirror method was proven to yield accurate, precise, and robust data, making it an outstanding methodology to be implemented in the pharmaceutical industry for measuring the water activity status in tablets and capsules as a direct assessment of the microbial burden.
Hypothalamic Subunit Volumes in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Ruggeri Aurora , Nerland Stener , Mørch-Johnsen Lynn , Jørgensen Kjetil Nordbø , Barth Claudia , Wortinger Laura Anne , Andreou Dimitrios , Andreassen Ole A , Agartz Ingrid 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
The hypothalamus is central to many hormonal and autonomous nervous system pathways. Emerging evidence indicates that these pathways may be disrupted in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Yet, few studies have examined the volumes of hypothalamic subunits in these patient groups. We compared hypothalamic subunit volumes in individuals with psychotic disorders to healthy controls.

Study Design
We included 344 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SCZ), 340 patients with bipolar disorders (BPD), and 684 age- and-sex-matched healthy controls (CTR). Total hypothalamus and five hypothalamic subunit volumes were extracted from T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using an automated Bayesian segmentation method. Regression models, corrected for age, age2, sex, and segmentation-based intracranial volume (sbTIV), were used to examine diagnostic group differences, interactions with sex, and associations with clinical symptoms, antipsychotic medication, antidepressants and mood stabilizers.

Study Results
SCZ had larger volumes in the left inferior tubular subunit and smaller right anterior-inferior, right anterior-superior, and right posterior hypothalamic subunits compared to CTR. BPD did not differ significantly from CTR for any hypothalamic subunit volume, however, there was a significant sex-by-diagnosis interaction. Analyses stratified by sex showed smaller right hypothalamus and right posterior subunit volumes in male patients, but not female patients, relative to same-sex controls. There was a significant association between BPD currently taking antipsychotic medication and the left inferior tubular subunits volumes.

Conclusions
Our results show regional-specific alterations in hypothalamus subunit volumes in individuals with SCZ, with relevance to HPA-axis dysregulation, circadian rhythm disruption, and cognition impairment.
Prioritize “Food is Medicine” initiatives in the 2024 Farm Bill for human and planetary health
Authors: Adams Elizabeth L , Figueroa Roger , White Kristi E , Bell Brooke M , Alegria Katie , Yaroch Amy L 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The Society of Behavioral Medicine (SBM) supports increased funding for policies in the 2024 Farm Bill that align with a Food is Medicine (FIM) framework and address multiple dimensions of human and planetary health.
Scrub typhus in Indonesia: A cross-sectional analysis of archived fever studies samples
Authors: Saraswati Kartika , Tanganuchitcharnchai Ampai , Ongchaikupt Sirada , Mukaka Mavuto , Day Nicholas P J , Baird J Kevin , Antonjaya Ungke , Myint Khin S A , Dewi Yora P , Yudhaputri Frilasita A , Haryanto Sotianingsih , Witari N P Diah , Blacksell Stuart D 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Scrub typhus is an understudied vector-borne bacterial infection.

Methods
We tested archived fever samples for scrub typhus seropositivity to begin charting its geographic distribution in Indonesia. We analysed 1033 serum samples from three sites. IgM and IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) against Orientia tsutsugamushi was performed using Karp, Kato, Gilliam, TA 716 antigens. To determine the cutoff in the absence of a presumed unexposed population and gold standard tests, we identified the visual inflection point, performed change point analysis, and used finite mixture models.

Results
The optical density cutoff values used for IgM and IgG were 0.49 and 0.13, respectively. Across all sites, IgM seropositivity was 4.6% (95% CI: 3.4 to 6.0%) while IgG seropositivity was 4.4% (95% CI: 3.3 to 5.8%). The overall seropositivity across sites was 8.8% (95% CI: 8.1 to 11.7%). The overall seropositivity for Jambi, Denpasar, Tabanan were 9.7% (95% CI: 7.0 to 13.3%), 8.0% (95% CI: 5.7 to 11.0%), 9.0% (95% CI: 6.1 to 13.0%), respectively.

Conclusions
We conclude that O. tsutsugamushi exposure in humans occurred at all sites analysed and could be the cause of illness in some cases. Though it was not the main cause of acute fever in these locations, it is still important to consider scrub typhus in cases not responding to beta-lactam antibiotics. Future seroprevalence surveys and testing for scrub typhus in acute febrile illness studies will be essential to understand its distribution and burden in Indonesia.
New Cretaceous neosuchians (Crocodylomorpha) from Thailand bridge the evolutionary history of atoposaurids and paralligatorids
Authors: Pochat-Cottilloux Yohan , Lauprasert Komsorn , Chanthasit Phornphen , Manitkoon Sita , Adrien Jérôme , Lachambre Joël , Amiot Romain , Martin Jeremy E 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The origin of modern crocodylians is rooted in the Cretaceous, but their evolutionary history is obscure because the relationships of outgroups and transitional forms are poorly resolved. Here, we describe a new form, Varanosuchus sakonnakhonensis gen. nov., sp. nov., from the Early Cretaceous of Thailand that fills an evolutionary gap between Paralligatoridae and Atoposauridae, two derived neosuchian lineages with previously unsettled phylogenetic relationships. Three individuals, including a complete skull and associated postcranial remains, allow for a detailed description and phylogenetic analysis. The new taxon is distinguished from all other crocodylomorphs by an association of features, including a narrow altirostral morphology, a dorsal part of the postorbital with an anterolaterally facing edge, a depression on the posterolateral surface of the maxilla, and fully pterygoid-bound choanae. A phylogenetic analysis confirms the monophyly and taxonomic content of Atoposauridae and Paralligatoridae, and we underline the difficulty in reaching a robust definition of Eusuchia. Furthermore, we put forward further arguments related to the putative terrestrial ecology with semi-aquatic affinities of atoposaurids based on their altirostral snout morphology and osteoderm ornamentation.
Initiatives Targeting Patients
Authors: Yarycky Laney , Castillo Louise I. R. , Gagnon Michelle M. , Hadjistavropoulos Thomas 
Published: January 2024

Objectives:
Older adults frequently suffer from pain but are often unaware of self-management and other strategies that can help improve their condition. In a related article, we reported on pain assessment and management knowledge translation initiatives related to older adults that were targeting health professionals. In this paper, we report on initiatives targeting older adults.

Methods:
Using systematic review methodology, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), MEDLINE, PsycInfo, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to June 2023. Pain-related KT programs targeted towards older adults, their informal caregivers and health care professionals were examined.

Results:
From an initial 21,669 search results, 172 studies met our inclusion criteria. Of these studies, 49 targeted older adults. These studies varied widely in focus and delivery format, but the majority were associated with significant risk of bias. Older adults with musculoskeletal pain were the primary recipients of education. Most programs were classified as knowledge mobilization initiatives. The remainder were considered self-management programs. Knowledge users were satisfied with the suitability of information presented, and patient outcomes were a primary concern across all studies. Behavioral changes and pain management outcomes, however, were underemphasized in the literature.

Discussion:
Knowledge acquisition outcomes are overrepresented in the current literature compared to behavioral outcomes changes. Nonetheless, older adults report benefitting from the guidance provided in self-management programs when applying knowledge to practice. Future research is needed to better understand the facilitators and barriers to pain management changes in this population.
Does Topical Vancomycin Powder Use in Fracture Surgery Change Bacteriology and Antibiotic Susceptibilities? An Analysis of the VANCO Trial
Authors: Joshi Manjari , O’Toole Robert V. , Carlini Anthony R. , Gary Joshua L. , Obremskey William T. , Murray Clinton K. , Gaski Greg , Reid J. Spence , Degani Yasmin , Taylor Tara J. , Collins Susan C. , ScM Yanjie Huang , Whiting Paul S. , Patterson Joseph T. , Lee Olivia C. , Castillo Renan C. ,   METRC
Published: January 2024

OBJECTIVE:
To determine whether intrawound vancomycin changes the bacteriology of surgical site infection pathogens and investigate the emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens.

METHODS:

Design:
Secondary analysis of phase III, prospective, randomized clinical trial.

Setting:
Thirty-six US trauma centers.

Patient Selection Criteria:
Patients who became infected after fixation of tibial plateau or pilon fracture.

Outcome Measures and Comparisons:
Pathogen types and bacterial susceptibilities as determined from routine clinical culture in the operating room.

RESULTS:
74 patients were studied that were 67.5% male with a mean age of 48.6 years. A lower proportion of gram-positive cocci was observed in the vancomycin powder compared to the standard of care group (3.7% vs. 8.0%, p=0.01). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection incidence was comparable in both the vancomycin powder and standard of care groups, but rates of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infections were lower in the treatment group (1.4% vs. 4.8%, p=0.01). The incidence of coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) and gram-negative rod infections were similar in both groups. There was no significant difference in susceptibilities between groups in rates of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus.

CONCLUSION:
Topical vancomycin powder decreases the likelihood of gram-positive infections consistent with the biologic activity of vancomycin. Fewer MSSA and CoNS infections were observed in the group treated with vancomycin powder. An effect of vancomycin powder on MRSA infection risk was not detected given the low incidence in both the intrawound vancomycin and standard of care groups. There was no emergence of gram-negative rod infections or increased resistance patterns observed. Use of topical vancomycin powder does not appear to produce infections in these patients with greater antibiotic resistance than would have occurred without its use.
Age-Stratified Sex Differences in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction Among Adult Hospitalizations
Authors: Mogos Mulubrhan F. , Muchira James M. , Park Chorong , Osmundson Sarah , Piano Mariann R. 
Published: January 2024

Background
There is evidence that heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)–related hospitalizations are increasing in the United States. However, there is a lack of knowledge about HFpEF-related hospitalizations among younger adults.

Objective
The aims of this study were to perform a retrospective analysis using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample and to examine age-stratified sex differences in the prevalence, correlates, and outcomes of HFpEF-related hospitalization across the adult life span.

Method
Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2002–2014), patient and hospital characteristics were determined. Joinpoint regression was used to describe age-stratified sex differences in the annual average percent change of hospitalizations with HFpEF. Survey logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios representing the association of sex with HFpEF-related hospitalization and in-hospital mortality.

Results
There were 8 599 717 HFpEF-related hospitalizations (2.43% of all hospitalizations). Women represented the majority (5 459 422 [63.48%]) of HFpEF-related adult hospitalizations, compared with men (3 140 295 [36.52%]). Compared with men younger than 50 years, women within the same age group were 6% to 28% less likely to experience HFpEF-related hospitalization. Comorbidities such as hypertensive heart disease, renal disease, hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea, atrial fibrillation, obesity, anemia, and pulmonary edema explained a greater proportion of the risk of HFpEF-related hospitalization in adults younger than 50 years than in adults 50 years or older.

Conclusion
Before the age of 50 years, women exhibit lower HFpEF-related hospitalization than men, a pattern that reverses with advancing age. Understanding and addressing the factors contributing to these sex-specific differences can have several potential implications for improving women's cardiovascular health.
Psychometric Evaluation of the Heart Failure Somatic Perception Scale in a Middle Eastern Heart Failure Population
Authors: Massouh Angela R. , Makhoul Melissa , Noureddine Samar , Jurgens Corrine Y. 
Published: January 2024

Background
The Heart Failure Somatic Perception Scale (HFSPS) is an 18-item instrument used to assess how bothersome are common signs and symptoms of heart failure (HF). To date, the psychometric properties of the HFSPS have been tested in American, Italian, and Japanese samples.

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the HFSPS in a population of Lebanese patients living with HF.

Methods
A rigorous translation and back-translation process was performed. Cultural appropriateness ratings were assessed by an expert panel. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to confirm construct validity, whereas an independent t test using the Minnesota Living With HF Questionnaire's scores was conducted to confirm convergent validity. Pearson correlation was performed to confirm discriminant validity using the Self-Care in HF Index Management subscale, whereas predictive validity was evaluated using the Control Attitudes Scale-Revised. Internal consistency reliability was evaluated using Cronbach α.

Results
A total of 109 patients (mean age, 63.66 ± 10.55 years; 69.7% male) were included. A series of exploratory factor analyses was conducted and resulted in a 4-factor model. Cronbach α was 0.869. Convergent (high correlation with total Minnesota Living With HF Questionnaire; r = 0.762, P < .0001), discriminant (no correlation with self-care management; r = 0.180, P = .078), and predictive (significant correlation with the Control Attitudes Scale-Revised; r = −0.523, P < .0001) validity was supported.

Conclusion
The reliability and validity of the HFSPS were supportive in this Middle Eastern sample. The HFSPS can be used to assess how bothersome HF symptoms are to improve their management.
Patients' Perceptions of Hybrid and Virtual-Only Care Models During the Cardiac Rehabilitation Patient Journey
Authors: Vanzella Lais Manata , Cotie Lisa M. , Flores-Hukom Madeleine , Marzolini Susan , Konidis Renee , Ghisi Gabriela Lima de Melo 
Published: January 2024

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic initially led to discontinuation of the “traditional” center-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) model. Virtual models emerged as an opportunity to deliver care, with many programs continuing to offer these models.

Objective
The aim of this study was to explore patients' perceptions of virtual models of either hybrid (combining center-based and virtual) or virtual-only CR since the pandemic.

Methods
Men and women who chose to participate in hybrid or virtual CR models between January 2022 and January 2023 were invited to attend 1 of 8 focus group sessions. Focus groups were conducted online until thematic saturation was reached. Transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results
Twenty-three patients (48% female; 83% attending hybrid CR) participated in the study. Analysis revealed 12 overarching themes associated with the CR patient journey: pre-CR, namely, (1) importance of endorsement from healthcare providers and (2) need for education/communication while waiting for program initiation; during CR, namely, (3) preference for class composition/structure, (4) need to enhance peer support in the virtual environment, (5) convenience and concerns with virtual sessions, (6) necessity of on-site sessions, (7) safety of the exercise prescription, (8) requirement/obligation for allied health offerings, (9) satisfaction with virtual education, and (10) use of technology to facilitate CR participation; and post-CR, namely, (11) acknowledgment of program completion and (12) need for support/education after program graduation.

Conclusions
Patients require ongoing support from time of referral to beyond CR program completion. Physical, psychosocial, nutritional, and educational supports are needed. Perceptions expressed by patients related to the program model are modifiable, and strategies to address these perceptions should be explored.
Comparing Group Versus Individual Prenatal Care on Breastfeeding Practice and Motivational Factors
Authors: Gray Heewon L. , Rancourt Diana , Masho Saba , Stern Marilyn 
Published: January 2024

Objective:
Although breastfeeding in the first 6 months postpartum benefits both infants and mothers, breastfeeding rates remain low. This study examined whether group prenatal care was associated with an increased breastfeeding initiation and duration compared with those receiving usual, individual prenatal care. A secondary aim was to investigate whether sociodemographic and motivational factors were associated with breastfeeding initiation and duration across prenatal care groups.

Methods:
Pregnant women in their third trimester (n = 211) from an innercity university medical center participated. Prenatal care type was identified from the medical chart, and data on breastfeeding duration at 1, 3, and 6 months postpartum were collected. Breastfeeding motivational factors were assessed with a survey. Logistic regressions and independent-samples t tests were used for data analyses.

Results:
After controlling for demographic factors, group prenatal care was associated with increased breastfeeding at 6 months postpartum (odds ratio = 2.66; P = .045) compared with individual care. Breastfeeding intention (P < .001), competence (P = .003), and autonomous motivation (P < .001) were significantly higher, while amotivation (P = .034) was significantly lower in group compared with individual prenatal care.

Conclusions:
Breastfeeding persistence was higher among women receiving group prenatal care, potentially due to motivational factors. Future studies should investigate how breastfeeding motivational factors could be effectively targeted in prenatal care to increase breastfeeding persistence.
Advancing Cochlear Implant Programming: X-ray Guided Anatomy-Based Fitting
Authors: Alahmadi Asma , Abdelsamad Yassin , Thabet Elsaeid M. , Hafez Ahmed , Alghamdi Fares , Badr Khalid M. , Alghamdi Saeed , Hagr Abdulrahman 
Published: January 2024

Background
Anatomy-based fitting (ABF) is a new research area in the field of cochlear implants (CIs). Despite the reported benefits and acceptable levels of ABF among CI recipients, some limitations remain, like the postoperative computed tomography (CT) scan, which is preferred for confirming electrode array insertion.

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of using plain film radiography (X-ray) for postoperative electrode detection and for building ABF as an alternative to CT.

Methods
A total of 53 ears with CI were studied. All cases had routine post-insertion X-rays in the cochlear view and additionally underwent postoperative CT. The insertion angles and center frequencies measured by two independent observers were compared for each imaging modality. The angular insertion depth and center frequencies resulting from the X-ray and CT scans were then compared.

Results
No significant differences were observed between the X-ray– and CT-measured angles for the electrode contacts. Radiographic measurements between the two readers showed an almost perfect (≥0.8) or substantial (0.71) intraclass correlation coefficient along the electrode contacts. X-ray images showed a mean difference of 4.7 degrees from CT. The mean semitone deviation of the central frequency between the CT and X-ray images was 0.6.

Conclusions
X-ray imaging provides a valid and easy-to-perform alternative to CT imaging, with less radiation exposure and lower costs. The radiographs showed excellent concordance with the CT-measured angular insertion depth and consequently with the central frequency for most electrode contacts. Therefore, plain X-ray could be a viable alternative in building ABF for the CI recipients.