bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enzymatic remodeling of heparan sulfate proteoglycans within the tumor microenvironment: Growth regulation and the prospect of new cancer therapies
Authors: Sanderson Ralph D. , Yang Yang , Kelly Thomas , MacLeod Veronica , Dai Yuemeng , Theus Allison 
Published: September 2005

AbstractHeparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), via their interactions with numerous effector molecules such as FGF‐2, IL‐8, and VEGF, regulate the biological activity of cells by acting as co‐receptors that promote signaling. The extent and nature of their role as co‐receptors is often misregulated in cancer as manifested by alterations in HSPG structure and expression level. This misregulation of HSPGs can aid in promoting the malignant phenotype. In addition to expression‐related changes in HSPGs, recent discoveries indicate that HSPGs localized within the tumor microenvironment can be attacked by enzymes that alter proteoglycan structure resulting in dramatic effects on tumor growth and metastasis. This review focuses on remodeling of HSPGs by three distinct mechanisms that occur in vivo; (i) shedding of proteoglycan extracellular domains from cell surfaces, (ii) fragmentation of heparan sulfate chains by heparanase, and (iii) removal of sulfates from the 6‐O position of heparan sulfate chains by extracellular sulfatases. Assessing or monitoring the remodeling of HSPGs has important implications for tumor diagnosis and patient prognosis while therapeutic manipulation of the remodeling process represents an exciting new possibility for treating cancer. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of serotonin receptors in the regulation of spawning in the zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas)
Authors: Fong Peter P. , Wall Darcie M. , Ram Jeffrey L. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe serotonin (5‐HT) receptor subtype(s) mediating spawning in the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas), was investigated by examining the efficacy of specific serotonergic ligands at stimulating or blocking spawning. The receptor profile for spawning stimulation resembled that of a vertebrate 5‐HT1 type. The rank order of potency for agonists was 5‐HT (10−3 M) = 8‐hydroxydipropylaminotetral in hydrobromide (8‐OH‐DPAT) (10−4 and 10−3 M,5‐HT1A)>5‐HT (10−4 M) > 1‐(1‐naphthyl)piperazine (1‐NP) (10−4M,5‐HT1)> m‐trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine (TFMPP) (10−4M, 5‐HT1)> 2‐methylserotonin (10−4M, 5‐HT3)> alpha‐methylserotonin (10−4M, 5‐HT2) = dopamine (10−3M) = norepinephrine (10−3M). In contrast, 5‐HT2 receptor antagonists were the most effective at blocking both 5‐HT‐and 8‐OH‐DPAT‐induced spawning. Cyproheptadine (10−4M; a 5‐HT2 antagonist) reduced spawning in 10−3M 5‐HT and completely blocked spawning in 10−4M 5‐HT and 8‐OH‐DPAT (10−4 and 10−3M). Mianserin (10−4M; a 5‐HT2 antagonist) reduced the intensity of 5‐HT (10−4and 10−3M)‐induced male spawning and completely blocked 8‐OH‐DPAT (10−4 and 10−3M)‐induced spawning in both sexes. NAN‐190 (10−4 M;a 5‐HT1A antagonist) reduced spawning in 10−3M 8‐OH‐DPAT but was ineffective at blocking spawning in 5‐HT (10−4 and 10−3M). Propranolol (10−4M, 5‐HT1), ketanserin (10−4M, 5‐HT2), and 1‐NP (10−4M) did not significantly block 10−3M 5‐HT‐induced spawning. The rank order of antagonists was, for 5‐HT (both 10−4 and 10−3 M), cyproheptadine> mianserin > NAN‐190> propranolol> ketanserin = 1‐NP;for 8‐OH‐DPAT (10−4 and 10−3M) it was mianserin = cyproheptadine > NAN‐190. To our knowledge, this is the first 5‐HT receptor characterization for a freshwater bivalve. Our results suggest that spawning in zebra mussels is modulated by a serotonin receptor(s)whose profile is unlike any described for vertebrates. © 1993 wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preparation of Isotactic Polypropylene/Organoclay Nanocomposites by Solution Mixing Methodology: Structure and Properties Relationships
Authors: Avella Maurizio , Cosco Simona , Errico Maria Emanuela 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIsotactic Polypropylene (iPP) based nanocomposites filled with organo‐clay nanoparticles were prepared and the relationships between their structure and properties were investigated.Modified C16‐C18 smectite clay nanoparticles were used in order to promote matrix/filler compatibilization and to improve interfacial adhesion. X‐Ray analysis performed on the nanocomposites demonstrated that at low organo‐clay content (1 and 3% by weight) a nanostructure has been obtained, while in presence of 5% by weight of organoclay cluster regions have been formed. Mechanical tests showed that the elastic modulus increases of about 20% compared to the neat polymeric matrix value when 1 and 3% of nanofiller is added.
Characterization and Properties of Hybrid Nanoparticle “inactive and active” Metal Polymer Films
Authors: Espuche E. , David L. , Afeld J.L. , Compton J.M. , Kranbuehl D.E. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA single stage in situ process using a precursor complex has been used to create a uniform dispersion of nanoparticles. The size and interparticle distance varies with the nature of the composition of the nanoparticle and the precursor complex‐polymer system. The process was used to create a uniform dispersion of inert, lanthanum oxide, as well as reactive, palladium and silver, nanoparticles.For all three of these low 1 percent by volume nanoparticle polymer systems significant changes occurred in a range of properties. The nanoparticles increase the glass transition, in some cases creating in addition a broader temperature range for the glass transition. They also increase the crystalline‐melting transition temperature and produce a large decrease in the per cent crystallinity in the PVDF system.The nanoparticles decrease the gas permeability by a factor of ten or more compared to the predicted result. Further, the nanoparticles made from reactive metals to certain gases displayed unique reactive characteristics with regard to selectively changing solubility and diffusivity.
PANI‐CSA: An Easy Method to Avoid ITO Photolithography in PLED Manufacturing
Authors: Vacca Paolo , Maglione Maria Grazia , Minarini Carla , Salzillo Giovanna , Amendola Eugenio , Della Sala Dario , Rubino Alfredo 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIn order to optimize polymer light emitting diode (PLED) performances, devices with holes injected through an Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) / Polyaniline (PANI) electrode into the polymer are much more efficient than devices fabricated with the anode made only by ITO. We demonstrated that by using doped PANI as hole injection layer in a polymer light emitting diode the manufacturing process can become simpler. Indeed, the pattern of conductive layer can be produced without ITO photolithography by UV exposition. As hole transporter layer, Poly(N‐vinylcarbazole) (PVK) was spin coated over the doped PANI layer and a layer of tris (8‐hydroxy) quinoline aluminum (Alq3) was then thermally evaporated so as to form the electron transport layer. To complete the device structure, Aluminum contacts were deposited onto the organic layers by vacuum evaporation at low pressure. The layers were characterized by X‐ray small‐angle diffraction, IR Raman and UV‐Vis spectroscopies. Devices without PANI and with PANI as HIL were studied.
Parkinsonism and Anderson Fabry's disease: A case report
Authors: Buechner Susanne , De Cristofaro Maria Teresa Rosaria , Ramat Silvia , Borsini Walter 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe describe and present a videotape of a 57‐year‐old woman admitted to our Neurological Clinic at 46 years of age due to extrapyramidal manifestations suggesting Parkinson's disease (PD) and with a brain magnetic resonance imaging scan showing multi‐infarctual leukoencephalopathy. Various investigations led to the diagnosis of Anderson Fabry's disease (AFD). We discuss the possibility of correlation between the patient's parkinsonism and AFD. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Bergman spaces of higher‐dimensional hyperbolic polyhedron‐type domains I
Authors: Constales D. , Kraußhar R. S. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIn this paper we develop explicit formulas for the Green's function and the monogenic reproducing Bergman kernel function of some hyperbolic polyhedron‐type domains that generalize the fundamental domain of the modular group SL(2,ℤ) to higher dimensions. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ex vivo 3D diffusion tensor imaging and quantification of cardiac laminar structure
Authors: Helm Patrick A. , Tseng Hsiang‐Jer , Younes Laurent , McVeigh Elliot R. , Winslow Raimond L. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA three‐dimensional (3D) diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) method for measuring cardiac fiber structure at high spatial resolution is presented. The method was applied to the ex vivo reconstruction of the fiber architecture of seven canine hearts. A novel hypothesis‐testing method was developed and used to show that distinct populations of secondary and tertiary eigenvalues may be distinguished at reasonable confidence levels (P ≤ 0.01) within the canine ventricle. Fiber inclination and sheet angles are reported as a function of transmural depth through the anterior, lateral, and posterior left ventricle (LV) free wall. Within anisotropic regions, two consistent and dominant orientations were identified, supporting published results from histological studies and providing strong evidence that the tertiary eigenvector of the diffusion tensor (DT) defines the sheet normal. Magn Reson Med, 2005. Published 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
4D radial coronary artery imaging within a single breath‐hold: Cine angiography with phase‐sensitive fat suppression (CAPS)
Authors: Park Jaeseok , Larson Andrew C. , Zhang Qiang , Simonetti Orlando , Li Debiao 
Published: September 2005

AbstractCoronary artery data acquisition with steady‐state free precession (SSFP) is typically performed in a single frame in mid‐diastole with a spectrally selective pulse to suppress epicardial fat signal. Data are acquired while the signal approaches steady state, which may lead to artifacts from the SSFP transient response. To avoid sensitivity to cardiac motion, an accurate trigger delay and data acquisition window must be determined. Cine data acquisition is an alternative approach for resolving these limitations. However, it is challenging to use conventional fat saturation with cine imaging because it interrupts the steady‐state condition. The purpose of this study was to develop a 4D coronary artery imaging technique, termed “cine angiography with phase‐sensitive fat suppression” (CAPS), that would result in high temporal and spatial resolution simultaneously. A 3D radial stacked k‐space was acquired over the entire cardiac cycle and then interleaved with a sliding window. Sensitivity‐encoded (SENSE) reconstruction with rescaling was developed to reduce streak artifact and noise. Phase‐sensitive SSFP was employed for fat suppression using phase detection. Experimental studies were performed on volunteers. The proposed technique provides high‐resolution coronary artery imaging for all cardiac phases, and allows multiple images at mid‐diastole to be averaged, thus enhancing the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and vessel delineation. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Labeling fibroblasts with biotin‐BSA‐GdDTPA‐FAM for tracking of tumor‐associated stroma by fluorescence and MR imaging
Authors: Granot D. , Kunz‐Schughart L.A. , Neeman M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFibroblasts at the tumor–host interface can differentiate into myofibroblasts and pericytes, and contribute to the guidance and stabilization of endothelial sprouts. After intravenous administration of biotin‐BSA‐GdDTPA‐FAM in mice with subcutaneous MLS human ovarian carcinoma tumors, the distribution of the macromolecular MRI/optical contrast material was confined to blood vessels in normal tissues, while it co‐registered with αSMA‐positive stroma tracks within the tumor. These αSMA‐positive tumor‐associated myofibroblasts and pericytes showed uptake of the contrast material into intracellular granules. We evaluated the use of this contrast material for in vitro labeling of tumor fibroblasts as an approach for tracking their involvement in angiogenesis. Fluorescence microscopy demonstrated internalization of the contrast material, and MRI revealed a significant increase in the R1 relaxation rate of labeled fibroblasts. R1 not only remained elevated for 2 weeks in culture, it also increased with cell proliferation, indicating prolonged retention of the contrast material and subsequent intracellular processing and redistribution of the material, and thereby enhancing MR contrast. Moreover, cells that were labeled ex vivo with MR contrast material and co‐inoculated with tumor cells in mice were detected in vivo by MRI. Uptake of the contrast material was suppressed by nystatin, suggesting internalization by caveolae‐mediated endocytosis. This study shows that labeling of fibroblasts with biotin‐BSA‐GdDTPA‐FAM is feasible and would allow noninvasive in vivo tracking of fibroblasts during tumor angiogenesis and vessel maturation. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Wave propagation in a simplified modelled poroelastic continuum: fundamental solutions and a time domain boundary element formulation
Authors: Schanz M. , Struckmeier V. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIn finite element formulations for poroelastic continua a representation of Biot's theory using the unknowns solid displacement and pore pressure is preferred. Such a formulation is possible either for quasi‐static problems or for dynamic problems if the inertia effects of the fluid are neglected. Contrary to these formulations a boundary element method (BEM) for the general case of Biot's theory in time domain has been published (Wave Propagation in Viscoelastic and Poroelastic Continua: A Boundary Element Approach. Lecture Notes in Applied Mechanics. Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 2001.). If the advantages of both methods are required it is common practice to couple both methods. However, for such a coupled FE/BE procedure a BEM for the simplified dynamic Biot theory as used in FEM must be developed.Therefore, here, the fundamental solutions as well as a BE time stepping procedure is presented for the simplified dynamic theory where the inertia effects of the fluid are neglected. Further, a semi‐analytical one‐dimensional solution is presented to check the proposed BE formulation. Finally, wave propagation problems are studied using either the complete Biot theory as well as the simplified theory. These examples show that no significant differences occur for the selected material. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐linear finite element analysis of mechanical electrochemical phenomena in hydrated soft tissues based on triphasic theory
Authors: Chen Yuan , Chen Xian , Hisada Toshiaki 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe well‐accepted triphasic theory for modelling the mechano‐electrochemical phenomena of charged hydrated soft tissue has been limited to infinitesimal deformation problems due to the difficulty of defining a common reference configuration for the whole tissue. In this paper, an imaginary reference configuration for soft tissue under large deformation is established based on the reference configuration of a solid matrix and a Piola transformation of the relative velocities of the fluid and ionic phases. A non‐linear finite element analysis formulation is proposed by applying a weighted residual method to the reformulated governing equations of triphasic theory reformulated in the imaginary reference configuration, with the displacement of the solid, fluid flows, ionic molar flows, hydrostatic pressure, and electrical potential as the unknown variables. After verifying the proposed finite‐element formulation by comparing the results of a linear‐confined compression problem with those obtained by the finite difference method, the numerical analysis of a three‐dimensional free‐swelling problem of articular cartilage with large deformation, and a strong non‐linearity in the material properties is carried out to reproduce the curling behaviour of articular cartilage strips in vitro when submerged in solution baths of various concentrations. The results obtained by finite element analysis are in agreement with those measured experimentally. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MLS‐based variable‐node elements compatible with quadratic interpolation. Part I: formulation and application for non‐matching meshes
Authors: Cho Young‐Sam , Im Seyoung 
Published: September 2005

AbstractTwo‐dimensional variable‐node elements compatible with quadratic interpolation are developed using the moving least‐square (MLS) approximation. The mapping from the parental domain to the physical element domain is implicitly obtained from MLS approximation, with the shape functions and their derivatives calculated and saved only at the numerical integration points. It is shown that the present MLS‐based variable‐node elements meet the patch test if a sufficiently large number of integration points are employed for numerical integration. The cantilever problem with non‐matching meshes is chosen to check the feasibility of the present MLS‐based variable‐node elements, and the result is compared with that from the lower‐order case compatible with linear interpolation. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stress integration and mesh refinement for large deformation in geomechanics
Authors: Nazem Majidreza , Sheng Daichao , Carter John P. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis paper first discusses alternative stress integration schemes in numerical solutions to large‐ deformation problems in hardening materials. Three common numerical methods, i.e. the total‐Lagrangian (TL), the updated‐Lagrangian (UL) and the arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) methods, are discussed. The UL and the ALE methods are further complicated with three different stress integration schemes. The objectivity of these schemes is discussed. The ALE method presented in this paper is based on the operator‐split technique where the analysis is carried out in two steps; an UL step followed by an Eulerian step. This paper also introduces a new method for mesh refinement in the ALE method. Using the known displacements at domain boundaries and material interfaces as prescribed displacements, the problem is re‐analysed by assuming linear elasticity and the deformed mesh resulting from such an analysis is then used as the new mesh in the second step of the ALE method. It is shown that this repeated elastic analysis is actually more efficient than mesh generation and it can be used for general cases regardless of problem dimension and problem topology. The relative performance of the TL, UL and ALE methods is investigated through the analyses of some classic geotechnical problems. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crosslinked styrene‐maleic acid copolymer complexes of some transition metals and their adsorption behavior
Authors: Deb P. C. , Rajput L. D. , Agrawal A. K. , Singh P. K. , Hande V. , Sasane S. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractTransition metal complexes of linear and crosslinked styrene‐maleic acid copolymer were prepared in ethyl alcohol. The complexes appear as micro clusters fairly uniformly distributed in the copolymer matrix. Vapor adsorption–desorption studies of the complex beads with methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), toluene and ethyl alcohol show initial fast release followed by a steady and slow release. Hydrogen adsorption at room temperature was studied for a few complexes up to about 650 torr, which showed initial slow adsorption followed by a rapid increase at about 550 torr. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid enrichment of bioactive milk proteins and iterative, consolidated protein identification by multidimensional protein identification technology
Authors: Panchaud Alexandre , Kussmann Martin , Affolter Michael 
Published: September 2005

AbstractDirect injection of complex protein mixtures, e.g. those derived from crude biological fluids, is often incompatible with conventional LC supports, because of column clogging and rapid deterioration of chromatographic performance. In this paper, we report the use of restricted access media to rapidly enrich and fractionate human breast milk. This resin, combining size exclusion and anion exchange functionalities, yielded a fraction enriched in soluble CD14 and showing specific sCD14‐dependant activity. This fraction was split into five aliquots, which were individually characterized using multidimensional protein identification technology. Reproducibility of the results was addressed by analysing and comparing five datasets using different protein identification tools available within the Sequest software. Furthermore, a comparison of three major releases of the Ensembl human protein database was performed to examine the effect of database updates on our results. We report here the benefit of repeated analysis of aliquots of the same fraction: first to increase the confidence in peptide identification by repeated confirmation in several aliquots; and second to assess experimental reproducibility. We demonstrate furthermore the effect of database modifications on the results and the importance of constantly re‐analysing data with new releases to keep them consistent and up to date with the latest protein identities and predictions available.
Comparative study of protein and mRNA expression during osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Czupalla Cornelia , Mansukoski Hannu , Pursche Theresia , Krause Eberhard , Hoflack Bernard 
Published: September 2005

AbstractOsteoclasts, the bone‐digesting cells, are key players in bone remodeling. To identify proteins potentially involved in osteoclast function, we analyzed the patterns of protein expression during osteoclastogenesis by2‐D DIGE. As a model system we used the mouse myeloid Raw 264.7 cell line that differentiates in vitro into osteoclasts upon treatment with specific growth factors. In 2‐D DIGE, we identified 86 up‐ and 34 down‐regulated proteins including known osteoclast differentiation markers as well as proteins regulating key cellular functions of osteoclasts such as energy production, cytoskeleton dynamics, and digestion of organic and inorganic bone matrix. Comparison of protein expression using 2‐D DIGE techniques with mRNA expression analyzed by DNA microarrays revealed essentially two groups of genes. The first group comprises genes for which differences in both mRNA and protein expressions were found. A second group covers genes whose expression was not altered at the mRNA level but whose corresponding gene products exhibited different electrophoretic mobilities, thereby revealing potential changes in post‐transcriptional processing and PTM. Thus, these combined approaches identify new potential therapeutic targets for treatment of bone diseases and provide complementary information on regulatory processes that might affect osteoclastogenesis.