bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis and Deconvolution of Atomic Force Microscopy Data From Particulate Nanocomposites Through Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Norkus Tyler , Yekani Fard Masoud , Westby Maximillian , Boutin William 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Introducing nanoparticles into a polymer matrix can improve bulk material properties and fracture toughness while maintaining a low density. The beneficial properties of particle nanocomposites make them a focus for current research, with the intent of identifying and implementing improved manufacturing techniques and materials. One of the techniques that can be used to identify important material properties that impact the performance of nanocomposites is atomic force microscopy (AFM), which can provide detailed data on nanoscale features such as inclusions, changes in the elastic modulus, elasticity, and the presence of an interphase. However, complex nanoscale geometry can produce structural effects that complicate the analysis of AFM data. To aid in the deconvolution of AFM results, this study examines finite element models of AFM indentation onto a particle composite to identify the effects of inclusions, varying levels of confinement, probe size, and an interphase. Data from AFM analysis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) placed within a thermoset epoxy matrix is used to generate and verify the finite element analysis (FEA). The Derjaguin-Muller-Toporov (DMT) contact mechanics model is used to extract material property data from the AFM and FEA force-displacement results.
Effect of Process Parameters on Mechanical Properties of the 3D Printed Silk-PLA Specimens Fabricated via Fused Deposition Modeling
Authors: Islam Razaul , Shahriar Saquib , Jiang Lai , Peng Xiaobo , Park Jaejong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Fused deposition modeling (FMD) is considered one of the most common additive manufacturing methods for creating prototypes and small functional parts. Many researchers have studied Polylactic acid (PLA), Polycarbonate (PC), and Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) as a material for fused deposition modeling printing. Among them, Polylactic Acid (PLA) is considered one of the most popular thermoplastic materials due to its low cost and biodegradable properties. In this study, silk PLA material was used. In Fused deposition modeling (FMD), the selection of printing parameters plays a pivotal role in determining the overall quality and integrity of the 3D-printed products. These parameters significantly influence the quality and strength of 3-D printed products. This study investigates the mechanical properties of silk-PLA printed specimens under different printing conditions, such as layer thickness, nozzle temperature, and print speed. All the tensile specimens were tested using ASTM D638 to characterize Young’s modulus and ultimate tensile strength. The thickness of the layers of tensile specimens was set to 0.1 mm, 0.15 mm, and 0.2 mm. The temperatures of the nozzle used during printing varied from 200°C, 210°C, and 220°C, whereas print speeds of 100 mm/s, 120 mm/s, and 140 mm/s were considered. The other printing parameters were kept consistent for all specimens. The result indicates tensile strength generally increases with increasing temperature of the nozzle, up to 220°C; however, a decline was observed in the average Young’s modulus value when the thickness of the layer increased from 0.10 mm to 0.20 mm. According to the results of the ANOVA analysis, the interaction between layer thickness, nozzle temperature, and printing speed significantly affects the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of Silk-PLA. This study reveals that nozzle temperature is the most critical parameter regarding the ultimate tensile strength and Young’s modulus, providing crucial insights for optimizing 3D printing parameters.
Chance Constrained PDE-Constrained Optimal Design Strategies Under High-Dimensional Uncertainty
Authors: Singh Pratyush Kumar , Faghihi Danial 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study focuses on developing a computational framework for model-based design of the thermal insulation elements of net-zero buildings based on silica aerogel porous materials, ensuring they provide superinsulation while upholding structural integrity. This approach employs a multiphase continuum model, capturing the thermomechanical properties of the insulation component through a set of partial differential equations (PDE). The framework considers the uncertainty associated with both the physical parameters like elasticity and thermal conductivity for the solid and fluid phases, as well as the design parameter, which is the spatial distribution of the aerogel porosity over the domain of the component. The combination of spatially varying design and uncertainty parameters, along with their finite element discretization, results in a high dimensional PDE-constrained optimal design problem. A mean cost functional is implemented to achieve both target insulation performance and uncertainty reduction during the design process. To avoid stress concentration in the component, chance constraints are included in the optimization formulation, which ensures that the probability of a function that measures the difference between evaluated stress from the multiphase model and a critical threshold value lies within tolerance. A scalable method is introduced for solving PDE-constrained optimization under uncertainty that is both efficient and dimension-independent. For efficiency, this method exploits a second-order Taylor approximation of the design objective and chance constraint function, which solves a generalized eigenvalue problem. Combined with a gradient-based optimization built on Lagrangian formulation, it results in dimension-independent (scalable) computational costs. The numerical experiments on the design of thermal breaks of the buildings demonstrate that the proposed framework leads to a significant reduction in computational cost while preserving thermal insulation performance and avoiding mechanical failure due to stress concentration.
Theoretical and Numerical Analysis of the Log Law and the Richardson-Extrapolation for Numerical Accuracy Estimation
Authors: Epple Philipp , Fritsche Manuel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The flow over a backward-facing step is often used for benchmark studies in the field of computational fluid dynamics. In the present contribution, the backward-facing step model is used for analyzing the log law as well as the Richardson extrapolation for numerical accuracy estimation. First, the theory of the often-used log law is shown in detail. With the commercial solver ANSYS CFX different wall refinements are generated and solved and the theory of the log law is compared with the numerical results. The theory to the Richardson extrapolation is shown and validated by different mesh refinements for the backward-facing step model. This method as well as the results are shown and analyzed in detail.
Integration of Underground Heat Exchanger System With Solar Powered Cooling System in Residential Buildings
Authors: Menon Karthik , Ghaith Fadi A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper aims to evaluate the integration of an underground heat exchanger with a single-effect absorption chiller along with solar parabolic trough collectors (PTC). The proposed sustainable system contributes to the reduction in CO2 emissions and lowers the energy consumption in residential buildings. The solar integrated cooling system is equipped with a bio-mass heater to provide space cooling during nighttime.
The proposed integrated system was modelled and simulated using TRNSYS. Parametric analysis was conducted to optimize the system’s performance by varying the size of system’s components such as collector area and the volume of the storage tank. The developed system was implemented in two case studies. One is a villa located in Dubai with a cooling load of 175.2 kW/m2 and another one is in located in Abu Dhabi with a cooling load of 376.6 kW/m2. A cost analysis was performed to check the feasibility of the proposed model. The model was validated with the existing literature and showed good match in terms of the gained useful energy.
Transitioning to a Green Hydrogen Economy: Perspective on South Africa
Authors: Oviroh Peter Ozaveshe , Oyinbo Sunday Temitope , Jen Tien Chien , Du Yanping 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
South Africa has significant potential for green hydrogen, and the government is now positioning itself for the transition to an economy based on green hydrogen utilization. However, some challenges require proper attention and addressable solutions to realize such an economy. For green hydrogen to be successful, it is necessary to have widespread and coordinated support throughout the whole value chain. The paper assesses future development, potential, pace, and implications for an environmentally friendly, energy-independent future with highlight in some of these areas.
Vibration Control of a Rigid-Body Inductrack Maglev System
Authors: Wang Ruiyang , Gao Hao , Yang Bingen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Inductrack system, a magnetic levitation strategy based on permanent magnets, has been utilized in many engineering applications since it was envisioned in 1990s. To further implement such Maglev system in high-speed ground transportation, its dynamic behaviors and control methods should be comprehensively studied. Most previous investigations on this topic adopted the steady-state Inductrack model, which is notable but has limited consideration from a dynamics perspective. Recently, a transient model for a 2D, 3DOF Inductrack system has been available, which characterizes the nonlinear, time-varying, and motion-dependent couplings in transient scenarios. Dynamic analysis has shown that both vertical and pitch vibrations of the Maglev vehicle cannot be naturally damped out in most cases, necessitating a feedback control design in the Inductrack system. Presented in this paper is a control design approach for the rigid-body Inductrack system. Firstly, a state feedback linear controller is placed based on a linear reference model and tuned using linear quadratic integral optimal control theory. The linear controller computes the actuation force for each on-board active Halbach array. Secondly, a nonlinear mapping function is identified that outputs the active current density of each array as the control effort. As verified in the numerical examples, the vertical and pitch motions of the Inductrack vehicle can be effectively stabilized under various of traveling speed. Although only a 2D setup is considered, the modeling and control technique developed in this work are fully extendible to address more complicated scenarios.
Compliant Terrestrial Robot Development and Control System Design
Authors: Harms Trevor , Shin Minchul 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The desired outcome of this paper is to develop sheet-based multi-legged self-folding robots and develop control systems to investigate the physical condition of highly uncertain terrain after its transformation on rough terrains. The robot uses smart material layers for morphing from sheets and locomotion without bulky power sources or accessory systems. The device will be generally applicable in various hard-to-reach regions in space. The research team designed a self-folding robot driven by heating, which consists of two material layers (polymer/metal). Also, multi-legged systems using ceramic smart material have a high driving force and large moving distance. The second task is to design the control system for the determination of space ground condition by analyzing vibrational signals generated by the impact of the pedal system. For future works, the system can recognize how changes in terrain materials and geometry of space impact forcing quantity disturbances.
Exploring Biophysical and Medical Engineering in Physics Education: A Practical Hands-On Approach to Digital Measurement
Authors: Grau Raphael , Düser Tobias 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Digital measurement technology plays a crucial role in both everyday life and professional contexts. In Germany, the education plan emphasizes the importance of students engaging in digital measurement experiments within Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) subjects, such as physics. These experiments involve documenting, processing, discussing, and graphically representing measurement results. However, the cost of commercially available measurement packages — comprising sensors, circuits, software, and data storage — can be prohibitive for schools. As a result, some schools only allow teachers to operate them during frontal instruction. Additionally, the acquisition and processing of sensory data often occur within sealed black boxes. To address these challenges, the open-source project Data Acquisition for Physics Education with Raspberry Pi (PhyPiDAQ) introduces a cost-effective, universally applicable data acquisition system. It empowers students to actively construct measurement circuits and explore the fascinating world of digital measurement technology. Current studies show that students identifying as female are significantly underrepresented in STEM disciplines, while interdisciplinary vocational training and degree programs related to social sciences and medicine are particularly popular among people identifying as female. Therefore, this paper presents medical technology and biophysical use cases for PhyPiDAQ, such as an ECG built by students themselves, and explains the didactic framework.
Teaching Modeling and Vibrations Fundamentals With a Compliant Quasi-Zero Stiffness Mechanism and Virtual Lab Simulations
Authors: Simpson Sawyer , Gorman Joey , Dinh Peter , Schwenck Lucas , Tekes Coskun , Utschig Tristan , Tekes Ayse 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Learning mathematical modeling of dynamical systems and mechanical vibrations has significant challenges due to the abstract and mathematically complex nature of these subjects. The complexity is compounded when students lack a strong foundation in mathematics and dynamics, presenting a challenge for instructors. It is well-known that hands-on learning can significantly enhance student understanding by linking theory with its practical application. This study introduces the design of low-cost laboratory equipment complemented with its virtual lab simulations. The developed apparatus consists of a compliant parallel arm mechanism with four fixed-free compliant links and a primary mass-compliant link mechanism, the latter augmented with horizontally attached, initially preloaded beams serving as quazi zero stiffness (QZS) springs. The compliant parallel arm mechanism is actuated by a linear actuator, and the displacement of two masses are recorded via laser displacement sensors. The horizontal beams, preloaded using a screw-nut set to maintain same deformation, are central to the mechanism’s design. The lab equipment is 3D printed from polylactic acid (PLA). The virtual lab of the hands-on equipment is also created in MATLAB Simscape as a GUI program to allow students to change the geometric dimensions and material properties of the flexible beams as well as the input force including its amplitude and frequency.
Linking Early Robust Design With Quantitative Methods for Enhanced Industrial Applications
Authors: Li Jiahang , Long Yiming , Döllken Markus , Zhang Yizhe , Wu Guangqiang , Matthiesen Sven 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Robust Design (RD) in the early design stages has a critical impact on product development costs. However, the application of the early RD methods in the industry is limited, as they cannot be easily integrated into standard development processes. In order to effectively use qualitative early RD methods in the development process of industrial products, a link to the quantitative methods in the development process is needed, which is currently lacking. To address this gap, this paper investigates the application of an early RD method with the Embodiment Function Relation and Tolerance (EFRT) model in an industrial context, focusing on the development of the centrifugal pendulum vibration absorber that is widely used in vehicle drivetrain system. The insights gained from the qualitative modeling are then linked to a quantitative simulation model in the software Matlab/Simulink. The results of the EFRT model and the simulation are compatible and can be effectively linked to improve the robustness evaluation of industrial products. With this link, early RD methods could be better integrated into the development process of industrial products, and therefore provide more benefits to engineering practice.
A Comparative Analysis on the Effect of Hydrogen Addition on Combustion Behavior of Methane, Ethanol, and Ammonia
Authors: Roy Shrabanti 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
To reduce the harmful emissions from energy generation efficient use of the available sources of fuel is vital. In this current work hydrogen dilution with methane, ethanol, and ammonia is considered to comparatively study the effect of these fuel blend on combustion characteristics. Each of these fuels are potential sources of energy with certain limitations either in efficiency or emission quality. The mixture composition of 20-80, 50-50, and 90-10 percent hydrogen with methane, ethanol, and ammonia is considered for the comparison. Laminar burning speed (LBS), and ignition delay time (IDT) are calculated numerically for the comparative analysis of these three fuel blends. To predict the influence of hydrogen on emission quality, change of species concentration with temperature is calculated. The IDT is calculated at stoichiometric condition, 1100–1900 K temperature and 10 atm pressure. The initial temperature of 400 K and 0.6 to 1.4 equivalence ratio is used for LBS calculations. With the help of sensitivity analysis, the effect of mixture on important reaction is studied. The concentration changes of CO, CO2, NO, and NO2 is compared between various hydrogen blends of different fuel.
Comparative Analysis of Vortex Field Measurement Around MHK Turbine Blades Using PIV and CFD Techniques
Authors: Hafdaoui Amin , Tanaka Shin , Doan Minh N. , Obi Shinnosuke 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Cross-flow turbines have been recently re-discovered in the fields of wind and tidal energy thanks to the high power density they can provide when arranged in arrays. In this paper, we investigate the mechanism of torque generation and maintenance of a pair of miniature Marine Hydrokinetic Turbines via Particle Image Velocimetry, providing new insights on the influence of vortex shedding onto the lift generation process. The velocity field around the blades was measured for two different tip speed ratios and across various configurations of the devices, to then evaluate the forces involved by performing a momentum balance over moving control volumes. Our findings suggest that a lift force was first generated, in line with the airfoil theory, by the flow acceleration on the inner surface of the blade, and was subsequently maintained after the onset of dynamic stall by the low pressure associated with a leading-edge vortex. Furthermore, increases in tip speed ratio and blockage effect were observed to positively impact vortex strength and torque production. The results were compared with two-dimensional CFD studies for the purpose of validating the control volume method for torque estimation, as well as discussing and quantifying the 3D effect.
Active Piezoelectric Metastructures: Relationship of Bandgap Formation With Unit Cell Number and Modal Behaviour
Authors: Kaczmarek Marcin B. , Gupta Vivek , HosseinNia S. Hassan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Elastic piezoelectric metastructures with actively implemented resonators offer an opportunity for novel vibration attenuation solutions, thanks to the possibility of creating bandgaps at low frequencies, their tuneability and compactness. We focus on metastructures with sensors and actuators, where the resonators are implemented using feedback control techniques, an alternative to commonly used shunt circuits. For bandgap creation in finite structures, unit-cell-based dispersion analysis is unsuitable since it lacks information on modal behaviour. As an alternative, a modal analysis approach can be used to calculate the frequency range of a locally resonant bandgap in closed form using the assumption of an infinite number of transducers of infinitesimal length distributed along the structure. The predictions obtained using this approach are accurate if a sufficiently high number of transducers is used, and the number required increases with the increasing target frequency. Despite the recent developments in the field, it remains to be seen what the sufficient number is in a specific situation. In this paper, we show that for low-frequency bandgaps in cantilevers, the minimal number of transducers is equal to the number of the dominant vibration mode at the targeted range of frequencies. Increasing the number of transducers above this value increases the vibration attenuation in the bandgap region but does not result in its widening. The result is demonstrated using numerical analysis.
Material, Torque, and Structural Study of a Foldable Robotic Arm for Aerial Drones
Authors: Bingham Kyler , Zakrevski Christopher , Deemyad Taher 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The paper discusses the integration of foldable robotic arms into unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), particularly focusing on their application in precision agriculture for fruit picking. The design process, from conceptualization to 3D modeling, ensures the arm’s functionality while minimizing interference with the drone’s flight dynamics. Material selection, emphasizing the balance between strength and weight, favors Onyx, a nylon blend reinforced with carbon fiber, and the honeycomb infill pattern for its exceptional mechanical properties. Torque analysis confirms the arm’s manageable impact on UAV stability. The research underscores the potential of foldable robotic arms to enhance UAV capabilities in various tasks, offering insights into their broader applicability beyond agriculture. It contributes to UAV design and robotics by addressing challenges in integrating functional accessories, emphasizing the importance of material selection and structural design in optimizing UAV performance.
Advanced Material Selection and Design Strategies for Optimized Robotic Systems
Authors: Bingham Kyler C. , Sourani Yancheshmeh Sara , Vaidya Greesh , Ebrahimpour Arya , Deemyad Taher 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Efficient lightweight structures with high strength are crucial across engineering disciplines, often drawing inspiration from natural patterns. However, traditional manufacturing methods struggle to replicate their intricate geometries. The rise of additive manufacturing offers a promising solution by enabling the fabrication of complex structures previously deemed impractical. In this study, we investigate nine natural-inspired patterns using SolidWorks for design and analysis. Mechanical properties of Nylon carbon fiber 12 as one of the materials well-known for having a high weight-to-strength ratio are derived from experimental tensile tests. The results have been compared with traditional materials like aluminum and steel, along with two common 3D printing materials. Through this comparative analysis, we assess the potential of additive manufacturing for creating lightweight yet robust structures. Practical applications, such as the frame of an aerial drone and the top plate for an autonomous ground vehicle chassis, are considered. The findings shed light on additive manufacturing’s role in advancing structural engineering across various applications, offering insights into its feasibility and benefits over conventional manufacturing methods.