bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oishinbo's Adventures in Eating: Food, Communication, and Culture in Japanese Comics
Authors: brau lorie 
Published: December 2004

Culture in Japanese Comics
Millions of Japanese, including adults, read manga--comic books. Reproducing every popular genre from humor to horror, manga both entertain and educate their readers on subjects as varied as sports, corporate life, the literary classics, and sex. Japanese also learn about food and cooking from gurume (gourmet) or ryori (cooking) manga. One of the most popular is Oishinbo, serialized since 1983. Oishinbo's hero Yamaoka is a newspaper journalist with an unparalleled knowledge of food and a developed palate. Along with his female sidekick Kurita, who shares his culinary sensitivities, Yamaoka seeks dishes for an "ultimate menu" to bequeath to the future. In the process, the pair turns to food to solve a host of interpersonal and social problems, sometimes on an international political level. Oishinbo not only provides information about foreign and local cuisines and recipes, it also propounds an ideology regarding the relationship between food and human relations that contributes toward the construction of Japanese cultural identity.
Deletion Polymorphism in Wheat Chromosome Regions With Contrasting Recombination Rates
Authors: Dvorak Jan , Yang Zu-Li , You Frank M , Luo Ming-Cheng 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Polymorphism for deletions was investigated in 1027 lines of tetraploid and hexaploid wheat and 420 lines of wheat diploid ancestors. A total of 26 deletions originating during the evolution of polyploid wheat were discovered among 155 investigated loci. Wheat chromosomes were divided into a proximal, low-recombination interval containing 69 loci and a distal, high-recombination interval containing 86 loci. A total of 23 deletions involved loci in the distal, high-recombination interval and only 3 involved loci in the proximal, low-recombination interval. The rates of DNA loss differed by several orders of magnitude in the two intervals. The rate of diploidization of polyploid wheat by deletions was estimated and was shown to have proceeded faster in the distal, high-recombination interval than in the proximal, low-recombination interval.
Genome Scanning for Interspecific Differentiation Between Two Closely Related Oak Species [Quercus robur L. and Q. petraea (Matt.) Liebl.]
Authors: Scotti-Saintagne Caroline , Mariette Stéphanie , Porth Ilga , Goicoechea Pablo G , Barreneche Teresa , Bodénès Catherine , Burg Kornel , Kremer Antoine 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Interspecific differentiation values (GST) between two closely related oak species (Quercus petraea and Q. robur) were compiled across different studies with the aim to explore the distribution of differentiation at the genome level. The study was based on a total set of 389 markers (isozymes, AFLPs, SCARs, microsatellites, and SNPs) for which allelic frequencies were estimated in pairs of populations sampled throughout the sympatric distribution of the two species. The overall distribution of GST values followed an L-shaped curve with most markers exhibiting low species differentiation (GST &lt; 0.01) and only a few loci reaching &gt;10% levels. Twelve percent of the loci exhibited significant GST deviations to neutral expectations, suggesting that selection contributed to species divergence. Coding regions expressed higher differentiation than noncoding regions. Among the 389 markers, 158 could be mapped on the 12 linkage groups of the existing Q. robur genetic map. Outlier loci with large GST values were distributed over 9 linkage groups. One cluster of three outlier loci was found within 0.51 cM; but significant autocorrelation of GST was observed at distances &lt;2 cM. The size and distribution of genomic regions involved in species divergence are discussed in reference to hitchhiking effects and disruptive selection.
Fine-Scale Genetic Structure and Gene Dispersal in Centaurea corymbosa (Asteraceae). II. Correlated Paternity Within and Among Sibships
Authors: Hardy Olivier J , González-Martínez Santiago C , Colas Bruno , Fréville Hélène , Mignot Agnès , Olivieri Isabelle 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
The fine-scale pattern of correlated paternity was characterized within a population of the narrow-endemic model plant species, Centaurea corymbosa, using microsatellites and natural progeny arrays. We used classical approaches to assess correlated mating within sibships and developed a new method based on pairwise kinship coefficients to assess correlated paternity within and among sibships in a spatio-temporal perspective. We also performed numerical simulations to assess the relative significance of different mechanisms promoting correlated paternity and to compare the statistical properties of different estimators of correlated paternity. Our new approach proved very informative to assess which factors contributed most to correlated paternity and presented good statistical properties. Within progeny arrays, we found that about one-fifth of offspring pairs were full-sibs. This level of correlated mating did not result from correlated pollen dispersal events (i.e., pollen codispersion) but rather from limited mate availability, the latter being due to limited pollen dispersal distances, the heterogeneity of pollen production among plants, phenological heterogeneity and, according to simulations, the self-incompatibility system. We point out the close connection between correlated paternity and the “TwoGener” approach recently developed to infer pollen dispersal and discuss the conditions to be met when applying the latter.
Controlling for the Effects of History and Nonequilibrium Conditions in Gene Flow Estimates in Northern Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) Populations
Authors: Austin James D , Lougheed Stephen C , Boag Peter T 
Published: December 2004

AbstractNonequilibrium conditions due to either allopatry followed by secondary contact or recent range expansion can confound measurements of gene flow among populations in previously glaciated regions. We determined the scale at which gene flow can be estimated among breeding aggregations of bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) at the northern limit of their range in Ontario, Canada, using seven highly polymorphic DNA microsatellite loci. We first identified breeding aggregations that likely share a common history, determined from the pattern of allelic richness, factorial correspondence analysis, and a previously published mtDNA phylogeography, and then tested for regional equilibrium by evaluating the association between pairwise FST and geographic distance. Regional breeding aggregations in eastern Ontario separated by &lt;100 km were determined to be at or near equilibrium. High levels of gene flow were measured using traditional F-statistics and likelihood estimates of Nm. Similarly high levels of recent migration (past one to three generations) were estimated among the breeding aggregations using nonequilibrium methods. We also show that, in many cases, breeding aggregations separated by up to tens of kilometers are not genetically distinct enough to be considered separate genetic populations. These results have important implications both for the identification of independent “populations” and in assessing the effect of scale in detecting patterns of genetic equilibrium and gene flow.
Experimental Adaptation of Salmonella typhimurium to Mice
Authors: Nilsson Annika I , Kugelberg Elisabeth , Berg Otto G , Andersson Dan I 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Experimental evolution is a powerful approach to study the dynamics and mechanisms of bacterial niche specialization. By serial passage in mice, we evolved 18 independent lineages of Salmonella typhimurium LT2 and examined the rate and extent of adaptation to a mainly reticuloendothelial host environment. Bacterial mutation rates and population sizes were varied by using wild-type and DNA repair-defective mutator (mutS) strains with normal and high mutation rates, respectively, and by varying the number of bacteria intraperitoneally injected into mice. After &lt;200 generations of adaptation all lineages showed an increased fitness as measured by a faster growth rate in mice (selection coefficients 0.11–0.58). Using a generally applicable mathematical model we calculated the adaptive mutation rate for the wild-type bacterium to be &gt;10−6/cell/generation, suggesting that the majority of adaptive mutations are not simple point mutations. For the mutator lineages, adaptation to mice was associated with a loss of fitness in secondary environments as seen by a reduced metabolic capability. During adaptation there was no indication that a high mutation rate was counterselected. These data show that S. typhimurium can rapidly and extensively increase its fitness in mice but this niche specialization is, at least in mutators, associated with a cost.
Evolutionary Expressed Sequence Tag Analysis of Drosophila Female Reproductive Tracts Identifies Genes Subjected to Positive Selection
Authors: Swanson Willie J , Wong Alex , Wolfner Mariana F , Aquadro Charles F 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Genes whose products are involved in reproduction include some of the fastest-evolving genes found within the genomes of several organisms. Drosophila has long been used to study the function and evolutionary dynamics of genes thought to be involved in sperm competition and sexual conflict, two processes that have been hypothesized to drive the adaptive evolution of reproductive molecules. Several seminal fluid proteins (Acps) made in the Drosophila male reproductive tract show evidence of rapid adaptive evolution. To identify candidate genes in the female reproductive tract that may be involved in female–male interactions and that may thus have been subjected to adaptive evolution, we used an evolutionary bioinformatics approach to analyze sequences from a cDNA library that we have generated from Drosophila female reproductive tracts. We further demonstrate that several of these genes have been subjected to positive selection. Their expression in female reproductive tracts, presence of signal sequences/transmembrane domains, and rapid adaptive evolution indicate that they are prime candidates to encode female reproductive molecules that interact with rapidly evolving male Acps.
White Mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Are Defective in Phytoene SynthaseSequence data from this article have been deposited with the EMBL/GenBank Data Libraries under accession nos. AY604700, PSY (137c) cDNA; AY604701, PSY (137c) genomic DNA; AY604702, PSY (S1D2) genomic DNA; and AY604703, PDS (137c) cDNA.
Authors: McCarthy Sarah S , Kobayashi Marilyn C , Niyogi Krishna K 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Carotenoids play an integral and essential role in photosynthesis and photoprotection in plants and algae. A collection of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutants lacking carotenoids was characterized for pigment and tocopherol (vitamin E) composition, growth phenotypes under different light conditions, and the molecular basis of their mutant phenotype. The carotenoid-less mutants, or “white” mutants, were also deficient in chlorophylls but had approximately twice the tocopherol content of the wild type. White mutants grew in the dark but were unable to survive in the light, even under very low light conditions on acetate-containing medium. Genetic crosses and recombination tests revealed that all individual white mutants in the collection are alleles of a single gene, lts1, and the white phenotype was closely linked to a marker located in the phytoene synthase gene. DNA sequencing of the phytoene synthase gene from each of the mutants revealed nonsense, missense, frameshift, and splice site mutations. Transformation with a wild-type copy of the phytoene synthase gene was able to complement the lts1-210 mutation. Together, these results show that all the white mutants examined in this work are affected in the phytoene synthase gene.
Additivity and trans-acting Effects on Gene Expression in Male Drosophila simulans
Authors: Wayne M L , Pan Y-J , Nuzhdin S V , McIntyre L M 
Published: December 2004

AbstractUnderstanding how genetic variation is maintained begins with a comprehensive description of what types of genetic variation exist, the extent and magnitude of the variation, and patterns discernable in that variation. However, such studies have focused primarily on DNA sequence data and have ignored genetic variation at other hierarchical levels of genetic information. Microarray technology permits an examination of genetic variation at the level of mRNA abundance. Utilizing a round-robin design, we present a quantitative description of variation in mRNA abundance in terms of GCA (general combining ability or additive variance). We test whether genes significant for GCA are randomly distributed across chromosomes and use a nonparametric approach to demonstrate that the magnitude of the variation is not random for GCA. We find that there is a paucity of genes significant for GCA on the X relative to the autosomes. The overall magnitude of the effects for GCA on the X tends to be lower than that on the autosomes and is contributed by rare alleles of larger effect. Due to male hemizygosity, GCA for X-linked phenotypes must be due to trans-acting factors, while GCA for autosomal phenotypes may be due to cis- or trans-acting factors. The contrast in the amount of variation between the X and the autosomes suggests that both cis and trans factors contribute to variation for expression in D. simulans with the preponderance of effects being trans. This nonrandom patterning of genetic variation in gene expression data with respect to chromosomal context may be due to hemizygosity in the male.
Dissection of Floral Pollination Syndromes in Petunia
Authors: Stuurman Jeroen , Hoballah Maria Elena , Broger Larissa , Moore James , Basten Christopher , Kuhlemeier Cris 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Animal-mediated pollination is essential in the reproductive biology of many flowering plants and tends to be associated with pollination syndromes, sets of floral traits that are adapted to particular groups of pollinators. The complexity and functional convergence of various traits within pollination syndromes are outstanding examples of biological adaptation, raising questions about their mechanisms and origins. In the genus Petunia, complex pollination syndromes are found for nocturnal hawkmoths (P. axillaris) and diurnal bees (P. integrifolia), with characteristic differences in petal color, corolla shape, reproductive organ morphology, nectar quantity, nectar quality, and fragrance. We dissected the Petunia syndromes into their most important phenotypic and genetic components. They appear to include several distinct differences, such as cell-growth and cell-division patterns in the basal third of the petals, elongation of the ventral stamens, nectar secretion and nectar sugar metabolism, and enzymatic differentiation in the phenylpropanoid pathway. In backcross-inbred lines of species-derived chromosome segments in a transposon tagging strain of P. hybrida, one to five quantitative trait loci were identified for each syndrome component. Two loci for stamen elongation and nectar volume were confirmed in introgression lines and showed large allelic differences. The combined data provide a framework for a detailed understanding of floral syndromes from their developmental and molecular basis to their impact on animal behavior. With its molecular genetic tools, this Petunia system provides a novel venue for a pattern of adaptive radiation that is among the most characteristic of flowering plants.
A Complex Interaction of Imprinted and Maternal-Effect Genes Modifies Sex Determination in Odd Sex (Ods) Mice
Authors: Poirier Christophe , Qin Yangjun , Adams Carolyn P , Anaya Yanett , Singer Jonathan B , Hill Annie E , Lander Eric S , Nadeau Joseph H , Bishop Colin E 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
The transgenic insertional mouse mutation Odd Sex (Ods) represents a model for the long-range regulation of Sox9. The mutation causes complete female-to-male sex reversal by inducing a male-specific expression pattern of Sox9 in XX Ods/+ embryonic gonads. We previously described an A/J strain-specific suppressor of Ods termed Odsm1A. Here we show that phenotypic sex depends on a complex interaction between the suppressor and the transgene. Suppression can be achieved only if the transgene is transmitted paternally. In addition, the suppressor itself exhibits a maternal effect, suggesting that it may act on chromatin in the early embryo.
Combining Mathematical Models and Statistical Methods to Understand and Predict the Dynamics of Antibiotic-Sensitive Mutants in a Population of Resistant Bacteria During Experimental Evolution
Authors: De Gelder Leen , Ponciano José M , Abdo Zaid , Joyce Paul , Forney Larry J , Top Eva M 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Temporarily discontinuing the use of antibiotics has been proposed as a means to eliminate resistant bacteria by allowing sensitive clones to sweep through the population. In this study, we monitored a tetracycline-sensitive subpopulation that emerged during experimental evolution of E. coli K12 MG1655 carrying the multiresistance plasmid pB10 in the absence of antibiotics. The fraction of tetracycline-sensitive mutants increased slowly over 500 generations from 0.1 to 7%, and loss of resistance could be attributed to a recombination event that caused deletion of the tet operon. To help understand the population dynamics of these mutants, three mathematical models were developed that took into consideration recurrent mutations, increased host fitness (selection), or a combination of both mechanisms (full model). The data were best explained by the full model, which estimated a high mutation frequency (λ = 3.11 × 10−5) and a significant but small selection coefficient (σ = 0.007). This study emphasized the combined use of experimental data, mathematical models, and statistical methods to better understand and predict the dynamics of evolving bacterial populations, more specifically the possible consequences of discontinuing the use of antibiotics.
Towards improved clinical characterization of Leber congenital amaurosis: Neurological and systemic findings
Authors: Fazzi Elisa , Signorini Sabrina G. , Uggetti Carla , Bianchi Paolo Emilio , Lanners Josée , Lanzi Giovanni 
Published: December 2004

AbstractLeber congenital amaurosis (LCA) is the most severe form of inherited retinal dystrophy that presents in infancy. LCA is both clinically and genetically heterogeneous. The aim of our study was to clarify the clinical aspects of LCA and to contribute to improved characterization of the disorder. We studied 40 children affected by LCA (mean age at first observation: 19 months, range: 8–50 months), who underwent a comprehensive evaluation that included: neurophthalmological evaluation, electroretinogram (ERG), and visual evoked potentials (VEPs), general and neurological examinations, developmental assessment using scales for visually impaired children, neuroradiological examinations, hepatic and renal function and metabolic investigations, brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs), EEG, and hand radiographs. Analyses of known LCA genes are ongoing. The subjects are still being followed up at 6‐/12‐month intervals. All the subjects fulfilled De Laey's criteria for LCA. The neurological examination was abnormal in 31 cases (hypotonia, ataxia with/without associated cerebellar signs). Cognitive development was normal in 24 cases, borderline in five, and subnormal in 11. Mild and nonspecific alterations on MRI were present in seven cases, and “molar tooth” sign in four; all the others had a normal neuroradiological picture. Among the subjects presenting with neurological signs, a subgroup (13 patients) emerged that was characterized by systemic (skin, kidney, liver) involvement. Our data confirm that LCA is a heterogeneous entity that can present as an isolated ocular manifestation, or in association with neurological and systemic abnormalities and support the need for a multidisciplinary approach to this entity and for genotype–phenotype studies. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Severe, neonatal‐onset OTC deficiency in twin sisters with a de novo balanced reciprocal translocation t(X;5)(p21.1;q11)
Authors: Zenker Martin , Wermuth Bendicht , Trautmann Udo , Knerr Ina , Kraus Cornelia , Rauch Anita , Reis André 
Published: December 2004

AbstractOTC deficiency, the most common urea cycle defect, is transmitted as a partially dominant X‐linked trait. The most severe form of the disease, however, is usually restricted to males. We report on monozygotic female twins with severe neonatal‐onset OTC deficiency and a de novo balanced reciprocal translocation t(X;5)(p21.1;q11). Disruption of the OTC gene on the derivative X‐chromosome was confirmed by FISH analysis. Consistent inactivation of the normal X could be demonstrated by RGB staining. Manifestation of X‐linked recessive disorders in females due to a balanced reciprocal X‐autosome translocation has previously been described in Duchenne muscular dystrophy and several other disorders but not in OTC deficiency. This report emphasizes the importance of chromosome analysis in any female manifesting severe OTC deficiency. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Carbimazole embryopathy: An emerging phenotype
Authors: Foulds Nicola , Walpole Ian , Elmslie Frances , Mansour Sahar 
Published: December 2004

AbstractConcerns about the safety of carbimazole in pregnancy were raised in 1985 [Milham (1985): Teratology 32:321]. Since this time many reports of children believed to have been affected by carbimazole in utero have appeared in the medical literature. Initial reports were of an increased incidence of scalp defects in the infants of treated mothers, but many other anomalies have now been described. Choanal atresia, gastrointestinal anomalies‐particularly esophageal atresia, athelia/hypothelia, developmental delay, hearing loss, and dysmorphic facial features have all been reported. The phenotype associated with exposure to carbimazole appears to be rare but specific with distinctive facial features. We report on two new cases of carbimazole embryopathy with strikingly similar facial features. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Serotonin 5‐HT1B receptor gene and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Chinese Han subjects
Authors: Li Jun , Wang Yufeng , Zhou Rulun , Zhang Haobo , Yang Li , Wang Bing , Khan Sajjad , Faraone Stephen V. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractSerotonin is an endogenous neurotransmitter that regulates aggressive and impulsive behavior and may be involved in the development of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). 5‐HT1B knockout mice display hyperactivity, increased exploratory activity and aggression, reduced anxiety, increased vulnerability to cocaine self‐administration, and elevated alcohol consumption. Many of these same behaviors are seen in patients with ADHD. Prior studies reported excess transmission of the 861G allele of 5‐HT1B to ADHD offspring. We used the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) and haplotype analysis to investigate the A‐161T and G861C polymorphisms in the 5‐HT1B receptor gene in ADHD trios from the Chinese Han population. We found no association with ADHD but did find a tendency for excess transmission of the 861G allele (χ2 = 3.766, P = 0.052) and the G/A haplotype (χ2 = 2.925, df = 1, P = 0.087), and under‐transmission of C/A haplotype (χ2 = 3.707, df = 1, P = 0.054) to offspring with inattentive ADHD. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.