bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Testicular Torsion Among Adolescents Aged 12-18 in Rural Areas of Northern Guizhou: A Multi-Center Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: XIA Qin , WANG Ruixia , ZHANG Xiaojiao , GOU Yanjun , WU Chengli , XIA Lan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background:The rate of orchiectomy in rural areas is higher than in urban areas, and patients often miss the golden 6-8 hours when seeking treatment. The lack of awareness and vigilance about testicular torsion is the main reason for the delay in pre-hospital treatment. This study aims to explore the current status and influencing factors of knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding testicular torsion among adolescents aged 12-18 in the rural areas of northern Guizhou to provide a basis for formulating targeted health interventions.
Method: From February to April 2023, a multi-stage cluster random sampling method was used to randomly select one primary school and two middle schools from the northern Guizhou area. 1031 male students aged 12-18 were surveyed using a self-compiled general information questionnaire and a KAP questionnaire regarding testicular torsion.
Results: The scores for knowledge (1.87±0.83), attitude (35.42±6.11), and practice (19.98±6.67) dimensions of testicular torsion were obtained. Age was negatively correlated with knowledge and attitude dimensions (p<0.05), while knowledge was positively correlated with attitude and practice dimensions (p<0.001). Multivariate regression analysis showed that the main factors affecting KAP scores (all p<0.05) included whether family members were in the medical profession, whether the student lived in a dormitory, parents' educational level, and source of medical expenses (self-paid, others).
Conclusion: The KAP of testicular torsion among adolescents aged 12-18 is at a low level and needs to be improved. The attitude is at a moderate level and is relatively positive. Healthcare professionals should conduct multi-dimensional health education combined with adolescents' personal characteristics to improve their KAP levels on testicular torsion.
An audit of corporate decarbonisation ambition against low-carbon futures.
Authors: Weaver Iain , Abrams Jesse , Oliver Jack , Dimakis Nikolaos , Parry Andrew , Lenton Timothy 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Atmospheric greenhouse gas concentration has been steadily increasing since the 19th century, causing global warming. Despite global efforts to reduce emissions, current projections indicate that we are on track for a significant increase in global mean temperature by the end of the century, which may push us beyond a safe and just operating space. It is crucial that we develop robust emissions pathways that take into account renewable technology innovation, climate policy development and consumer behavior change. Emissions forecasting typically relies on atmospheric measurements or estimates of consumption and industry activity. Here, we present an alternative approach that makes use of data disclosed by companies, showing that short-term corporate targets are consistent with the aggressive reduction requirements of the NGFS divergent net-zero scenario, however commitments to 2050 are lacking. Furthermore, there is a large disparity between the total market cap of disclosing companies and the total emissions they cover, indicating biases in emissions reporting. We highlight the significance of individual target pathways, as companies maintaining emissions at present values accrue significant emissions debt. Overall, we provide valuable insights into emissions reduction efforts and contribute to a more robust understanding of reduction pathways.
Diagnosing Drivers of Tropical Precipitation Biases in Coupled Climate Model Simulations
Authors: Respati Muhamad Reyhan , Dommenget Dietmar , Segura Hans , Stassen Christian 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

In this study, we analyse the large-scale biases in tropical precipitation climatology of two different types of coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation models (GCMs): the coupled model intercomparison project (CMIP) models and ICON-Sapphire, a global storm-resolving model (GSRM). We employ the simple globally resolved energy balance (GREB) diagnostic precipitation model to evaluate four drivers of the precipitation biases in the simulations: surface specific humidity, surface relative humidity, tropospheric mean and variability in the vertical motion. The tropical precipitation biases in the CMIP and ICON-Sapphire simulations are surprisingly similar in their patterns and also in the elements forcing them. The results of our analysis using the GREB model show that the precipitation biases result from both biases in the sensitivity to the four forcing fields and biases in the simulated forcing fields themselves. The most significant bias for both, the CMIP and ICON-Sapphire simulations, is a too high sensitivity to the mean vertical circulation and bias in the mean vertical circulation pattern itself. This also holds for specific long-standing biases, such as the double ITCZ problem. Meanwhile, biases in the climatology of specific and relative humidity play only a minor role, but contribute to an overall small increase in precipitation in CMIP models that may be related to the “drizzling” bias. These results can give insights to the modelling community regarding model development, and also illustrate that the GREB diagnostic precipitation model applied is a good tool for evaluating the drivers of large-scale tropical precipitation.
Driving Fiber Diameters to the Limit: Nanoparticle-induced Diameter Reductions in Electrospun Photoactive Composite Nanofibers for Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Schofield Ryan M , Maciejewska Barbara M , Dong Shiling , Tebbutt George T , McGurty Dillon , Bonilla Ruy Sebastian , Assender Hazel , Grobert Nicole 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Electrospun photoactive nanofibers hold significant potential for enhanced photon absorption and charge transport in organic photovoltaics. However, electrospinning conjugated polymers with fiber diameters comparable to exciton diffusion lengths for efficient dissociation, is difficult. Previously, spinning sub-100 nm poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) fibers has required the auxiliary polymer, PEO, and large antisolvent additions. Therefore, its success differs considerably across donor polymers, due to variable antisolvent addition limit before precipitation. Herein, plasmonic nanoparticle infusion into P3HT nanofibers is used to modulate viscosity and deliver a novel and unrivalled strategy to achieve reduced fiber diameters. Following poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) removal, the fibers measure 55 nm in diameter, 30% lower than any previous report – providing the shortest exciton diffusion pathways to the heterojunction upon electron acceptor infiltration. The nanoparticle-containing nanofibers present a 58% enhancement over their pristine thin-film counterparts. ~17% is ascribed to plasmonic effects, demonstrated in thin-films, and the remainder to along-fiber polymer chain alignment, introduced by electrospinning. The anisotropy of light absorbed when polarized parallel versus perpendicular to the fibers increases from 0.88 to 0.62, suggesting the diameter reduction improves the alignment, resulting in greater electrospinning-induced enhancements. Controlled by the electrospinning behavior of PEO, our platform is easily adapted to contemporary donor-acceptor systems.
Numerical simulation of heat transfer performance of double-layer flat microchannels with different channel shapes
Authors: Yang Jingang. , Feng Zitong , Shella Noti , Su Zhili , Yuan Ling 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Currently, the flow channel shape of double-layer flat microchannel heat sinks is mostly rectangular. It is still unknown, though, how different channel forms affect how well microchannels dissipate heat. This study used numerical simulation software COMSOL to simulate the double-layer flat microchannel heat dissipation structures of rectangular (MC-DLRC), staggered rectangular (MC-DLCFRC), circular (MC-DLCC), semi-circular (MC-DLHRC), and trapezoidal (MC-DLTC) and obtained the optimal microchannel flow structure. The results show that the overall performance of trapezoidal double-layer flat microchannels (MC-DLTC) has been significantly improved compared to rectangular double-layer flat microchannels (MC-DLCC). PEC is increased by 17.68-29.45%. Research was conducted on the bottom angle of trapezoidal microchannels, and the differences between vertical and staggered arrangement of microchannels were also studied.
Association of autoimmune diseases with the occurrence and 28-day mortality of sepsis: an observational and Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Li Hui , Pan Xiaojun , Shen Xuan , Li Wan , Shang Weifeng , Wen Zhenliang , Zhang Sheng , Huang Sisi , Chen Limin , Chen Dechang , Liu Jiao 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Observational studies have indicated a potential association between autoimmune diseases and the occurrence of sepsis, with an increased risk of mortality among affected patients. However, whether a causal relationship exists between the two remains unknown.
Methods
We accessed genomic data from both the MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (MRC-IEU) and the FinnGen consortium, encompassing genome-wide association studies for 10 autoimmune disorders. Genome-wide association study data for sepsis and its 28-day mortality were obtained from MRC-IEU. We employed univariable, multivariable, and reverse Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to explore potential associations between autoimmune disorders and the occurrence of sepsis. Additionally, a two-step mediation MR analysis was performed to investigate indirect factors possibly influencing the relationship between the two. For 28-day mortality in sepsis, we first analyzed the relationship between autoimmune diseases and 28-day mortality in sepsis by MIMIC-IV database, and further verified the relationship by MR analysis.
Results
In univariable MR analysis, there appeared to be causal relationships between genetically predicted type 1 diabetes (OR = 1.036, 95% CI = 1.023–1.048, p = 9.130E-09), rheumatoid arthritis (OR = 1.077, 95% CI = 1.058–1.097, p = 1.00E-15) and sepsis, while a potential causal link was observed between celiac disease and sepsis (OR = 1.013, 95% CI = 1.002–1.024, p = 0.026). In a subsequent multivariable MR analysis, only rheumatoid arthritis was found to be independently associated with the risk of sepsis. Other autoimmune diseases were not found to have a causal association with sepsis. Furthermore, for all autoimmune diseases no causal link was established between autoimmune disorders and 28-day mortality from sepsis, aligning with the results obtained from the retrospective analysis of the MIMIC database. In reverse MR analysis, sepsis was suggested to potentially trigger the onset of psoriasis (OR = 1.084, 95% CI = 1.040–1.131, p = 1.488E-04), but this result requires further validation.
Conclusion
Apart from rheumatoid arthritis, there is no causal relationship between other autoimmune diseases and sepsis. At the genetic level, we did not find a causal relationship between autoimmune diseases and 28-day sepsis mortality, which is consistent with the results from the observational study from MIMIC-IV. Additionally, sepsis may increase the risk of developing psoriasis.
A case of corneal old sulfur mineral foreign body in both eyes
Authors: Li Xiaodong , Wu Dandan , Qin Xuewei 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A 56-year-old male miner complained of right eye vision loss for 3 years and increased distension for 4 months. Admission examination: Best corrected visual acuity was no light in the right eye and 20/20 in the left eye. Anterior segment examination: A large number of spot-like grayish-brown mineral foreign bodies in the conjunctiva of the right corner of the eye, emulsified silicone oil floating in the anterior chamber, Corneal foreign bodies in the right eye were widely distributed in the upper cortex and the proelastic layer. There were fewer foreign bodies in the left cornea. Previous medical history, 20 years ago due to forging and burning sulphur mine explosion, resulting in a large number of ore foreign bodies in the conjunctiva of both eyes.
Evaluation of the bilateral dual plate internal fixation technique for rotationally dislocated tibial plateau fractures
Authors: Tang Zhong-jian , Zhang Ya-zhong , Lv Yong-xiang , Huang Shao-long , Zhou Chen-qiang , Zhu Zhe-xi , Wang Yun-qing , Zhu Zi-qiang , Wang Bin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to explore the clinical efficacy of dual plate internal fixation through a bilateral approach for the treatment of rotationally dislocated tibial plateau fractures.
Methods
Clinical data of 20 patients (6 male, 14 female) with rotational dislocation type tibial flat fractures treated from January 2020 to April 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Out of all fractures, 12 occurred on the right side, and 8 on the left side. The average age of the patients was 51.9 ± 13.11 years. All patients underwent surgical treatment using the bilateral approach with dual plate internal fixation, and the related surgical indicators were recorded. After surgery, data such as fracture line disappearance time (in months), tibial plateau varus angle (TPA), tibial plateau posterior angle (PA), joint range of motion (ROM), New York Hospital for Special Surgery Hospital (HSS) knee joint function score, Rasmussen score, visual analog scale (VAS) score for pain, and Fugl–Meyer motor function assessment (FMA) score were recorded, along with the incidence of postoperative complications.
Results
All patients were followed up for 13.55 ± 9.75 months. The average time for the disappearance of the patients’ fracture line was 3.75 ± 0.91 months. Comparisons of TPA, PA, ROM, HSS score, Rasmussen score, and VAS score at immediately and 3 month after surgery, as well as 6 and 12 months after surgery. The research results revealed that there is a statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) between 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery and immediately after surgery. The FMA score indicated an excellent and good rate of 80% at 12 months after surgery. Postoperative complications included superficial skin infection at the incision in 2 (10.0%) cases, delayed union of fractures in 2 (10%) cases, limited mobility in 1 (5.0%) case, knee instability in 2 (10.0%) cases, and traumatic arthritis in 4 (20%) cases.
Conclusion
The bilateral approach involving dual plate internal fixation was used to treat rotational dislocation tibial plateau fractures. This technique has the advantages of fast intraoperative reduction, high stability of internal fixation, fewer postoperative complications, and good recovery of knee joint function, proving its potential as an effective and safe treatment method.
Microscopic polyangiitis associated with myelodysplastic syndrome mimicking infectious pneumonia, with complications including complete atrioventricular block and fatal intra-alveolar hemorrhage.
Authors: Sudria Axel , Hyvernat Herve , Morand Lucas , Jozwiak Mathieu , Dellamonica Jean 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The association between ANCA-associated vasculitis and hematologic malignancy has been previously described and remains a rare phenomenon, albeit potentially underdiagnosed. We report the case of an 81-year-old patient with myelodysplastic syndrome who was managed for an infectious-appearing pneumonia, which subsequently complicated into complete heart block and severe acute respiratory distress syndrome with a fatal outcome. The final diagnosis is severe hemorrhagic alveolitis associated with ANCA-associated vasculitis meeting the criteria for microscopic polyangiitis. This article provides an opportunity to discuss the association between ANCA-associated vasculitis and hematologic malignancies and the adverse prognosis associated with it.
BrachySound: Machine Learning Based Assessment of Respiratory Sounds in Dogs
Authors: Oren Ariel , Turkcu Jana D. , Meller Sebastian , Lazebnik Teddy , Wiegel Pia , Mach Rebekka , Volk Holger A. , Zamansky Anna 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The early and accurate diagnosis of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) in dogs is pivotal for effective treatment and enhanced canine well-being. Owners often do underestimate the severity of BOAS in their dogs. In addition, traditional diagnostic methods, which include pharyngolaryngeal auscultation, are often compromised by subjectivity, are time-intensive and depend on the veterinary surgeon’s experience. Hence, new fast, reliable assessment methods for BOAS are required. The aim of the current study was to use machine learning techniques to bridge this scientific gap. In this study, machine learning models were employed to objectively analyze 366 audio samples from 69 Pugs and 79 other brachycephalic breeds, recorded with an electronic stethoscope during a 15-minute standardized exercise test. In classifying the BOAS test results as to whether the dog is affected or not, our models achieved a peak accuracy of 0.85, using subsets from the Pugs dataset. For predictions of the BOAS results from recordings at rest in Pugs and various brachycephalic breeds, accuracies of 0.68 and 0.65 were observed, respectively. Notably, the detection of laryngeal sounds achieved an F1 score of 0.80. These results highlight the potential of machine learning models to significantly streamline the examination process, offering a more objective assessment than traditional methods. This research indicates a turning point towards a data-driven, objective, and efficient approach in canine health assessment, fostering standardized and objective BOAS diagnostics.
Effects of aeration on hydraulic and anti-clogging performance of subsurface drip irrigation emitters
Authors: Wang Yue , liu Ningning , Zhang Jihong , Jin Yanjing , Zhang Jinzhu , Wang Zhenhua 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

The hydraulic and anti-clogging performance of drip irrigation emitters are crucial factors that determine irrigation quality. Subsurface aerated drip irrigation (SADI) has been shown to enhance plant growth and yield, but further investigation is needed to understand its effects on the hydraulic and anti-clogging performance of drip emitters. Thus, based on hydraulic performance tests, the flow rate of emitters was tested under various design nominal discharges (1.0, 1.35, 2.3 L·h-1), working heads (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 m), aeration amounts (0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9 L·min-1) and soil depths (0, 15 cm). In addition, the influence of nominal discharges (ND), working heads (WH), aeration amounts (AA), and soil depths (SD) on the flow rate as well as the flow index were analyzed. Moreover, the relative discharge of emitters was tested by short-term clogging tests, and the influence of aeration on the anti-clogging performance of the emitter was analyzed. A three-phase flow simulation method, based on one-phase flow and two-phase flow, was employed to investigate the variations in velocity, gas concentration distribution, particle passing rate, and concentration distribution of particles in the flow channel after aeration. The results demonstrate that the effects of ND, WH, AA and SD on the flow rate of the emitter were extremely significant(P < 0.01). The influence of ND and SD on the flow index was significant (P < 0.05), while the influence of AA on the flow index was not significant(P > 0.05). In addition, the negative impact of subsurface outflow on the emitter under high-pressure conditions (10, 12 m) was significantly less than that under low-pressure conditions (2, 4 m). After aeration, the number of muddy water irrigation times increased, and the growth rates of high-speed mainstream areas after E1, E2, and E3 are 3%-10%, 20%-46%, and 7%-17%, respectively. The particle passing rates of E1, E2 and E3 increased by 10%, 9% and 4%, respectively. This study can provide a research basis for promoting and using subsurface aerated irrigation.
Polydopamine/redox graphene oxide/Fe3+ composite fabrics with excellent photothermal properties for continuous desalination
Authors: Ding Yan , Yuan Qi , Ma Ming-Guo , Cao Da-Qi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The shortage of fresh water is one of the great challenges facing the world nowadays. The photothermal water purification has attracted great attention due to its low energy consumption, environmental friendliness and cost-effectiveness. Herein, the cotton towel/polydopamine/redox graphene oxide/Fe3+ (CT-PDA/rGO-Fe3+) composite fabric was fabricated via using PDA-modified waste Cotton towel as the base, and evenly loading rGO and Fe3+ by soaking and constant temperature oscillation. At the irradiation intensity of 1 KW/m2, the surface temperature of the composite fabric could rise to 61°C within 1 min. After 20 cycles, the saturation temperature could be maintained. These results showed that the composite fabric has good photothermal properties and stability. Meanwhile, the composite fabric showed high water purification efficiency (~ 1.201 kg/m2·h). This solar desalination simulator prepared on the basis of waste cotton towel has a simple preparation process and good solar steam efficiency, which shows great potential in the field of desalination.
T cell dysfunction in ARDS based on miRNA and mRNA integration analysis
Authors: Mitsuyama Yumi , Matsumoto Hisatake , Togami Yuki , Oda Sayaka , Murtatsu Arisa , Yoshimura Jumpei , Onishi Shinya , Ito Hiroshi , Ogura Hiroshi , Okuzaki Daisuke , Oda Jun 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is respiratory failure that commonly occurs in critically ill patients, and the molecular mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis and severity are poorly understood. We evaluated mRNA and miRNA in patients with ARDS and elucidated the pathogenesis of ARDS after performing mRNA and miRNA integration analysis.
Methods
In this single-center, prospective, observational clinical study of patients with ARDS, peripheral blood of each patient was collected within 24 hours of admission. Sequencing of mRNA and miRNA was performed using whole blood from the ARDS patients and healthy donors.
Results
Thirty-four ARDS patients were compared with 15 healthy donors. Compared with the healthy donors, 1233 mRNAs and 6 miRNAs were upregulated and 1580 mRNAs and 13 miRNAs were downregulated in the ARDS patients. For both mRNA and miRNA-targeted mRNA, canonical pathway analysis showed that the PD-1 and PD-L1 cancer immunotherapy pathway was most activated and the Th2 pathway was most suppressed. For mRNA, the Th1 pathway was most suppressed. miR-149-3p and several miRNAs were identified as upstream regulators.
Conclusion
miRNAs regulated the PD-1 and PD-L1 cancer immunotherapy pathway and Th2 pathway through miRNA interference action of mRNA. Integrated analysis of mRNAs and miRNAs showed that T cells were dysfunctional in ARDS patients.