bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population concentration in high-complexity regions within city during the heat wave
Authors: Choi Hyoji , Kim Jonghyun , Yu Donghyeon , Jun Bogang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study investigates the impact of the 2018 summer heat wave on urban mobility in Seoul and the role of economic complexity in the region’s resilience. Analysis of subway and mobile phone data reveals a significant decrease in the floating population during the extreme heat wave, underscoring the thermal vulnerability of urban areas. However, urban regions with higher complexity demonstrate resilience, attracting more visitors despite high temperatures. Our results suggest the centrality of economic complexity in urban resilience against climate-induced stressors. Additionally, high-complexity small business clusters appear to serve as focal points for sustaining urban vitality in the face of thermal shocks within the city. From a long-term perspective, our results imply that people might become more concentrated in highly complex regions in the era of global warming.
The Natural History of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Adults With Common Variable Immunodeficiency: A Case Series From a Single US Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Jha Pankhuri , Elangovan Abbinaya , Chavan Akash Keluth , Cooper Gregory , Katz Jeffry , Cominelli Fabio , Regueiro Miguel , Mansoor Emad 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) predisposes patients to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). There are limited studies characterizing adults with concomitant CVID and IBD (CVID–IBD).

Methods
Demographics, clinical courses, endoscopic findings, and disease-specific therapies were obtained in adults ≥18 years with CVID–IBD over a 5-year period.

Results
We identified 11 patients with CVID–IBD, 6 with Crohn’s disease (CD), and 5 with ulcerative colitis (UC). The presenting symptoms in 10 (91%) were abdominal pain and diarrhea. A majority of patients were diagnosed with IBD before CVID. Patients with CVID–IBD were diagnosed with CVID at an older age compared to patients with CVID only. The most prevalent endoscopic finding in CD was either erythema or erosions in the ileum, whereas in UC, it was pancolitis. One patient with CD and 1 with UC required treatment with immunomodulators to achieve remission. Three patients with CD and 2 with UC required treatment with biologics to achieve remission. Eight received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) for CVID. Four patients with CD and 1 with UC were diagnosed with either leukemia or lymphoma, and the most common malignancy was chronic lymphocytic leukemia (n = 3).

Conclusions
This is one of few studies evaluating demographic, clinical, endoscopic, histologic features, and therapeutic management in patients with CVID–IBD. Further studies are required to elucidate long-term differences in the clinical course and treatment of patients with CVID–IBD.
Testing the Waters: Exploring Why Democracies Have More Maritime Conflict
Authors: LaSpisa Chase , Mitchell Sara McLaughlin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
While the democratic peace literature finds that pairs of democracies face lower risks for interstate conflict than other regime pairings, the maritime conflict literature often finds that democratic dyads have the highest risks for maritime diplomatic conflicts out of all regime pairings. Despite this surprising finding, there remains a gap for understanding what specific political mechanisms are driving democracies to engage in maritime conflict with other democracies. We explore whether democracies have more opportunities for maritime conflict generally, whether specific dimensions of democracy influence maritime conflict (domestic interests and executive constraints), including distinguishing between presidential and parliamentary democracies, and whether territorial integrity norms are weaker at sea. We find that coastal states are more democratic than landlocked states and that coastal dyads with maritime claims are more democratic than peaceful coastal dyads. We also show that multiple dimensions for democracy help explain the pattern of democratic maritime conflicts and that dyads with stronger domestic interests and more constrained executives (especially presidential democracies) are more likely to experience maritime conflicts. Finally, we show that territorial integrity norms have weaker effects on maritime conflict behavior, which helps us understand why democracies may be less constrained in their revisionist behavior in the maritime arena.
Massive Gene Loss in the Fungus Sporothrix epigloea Accompanied a Shift to Life in a Glucuronoxylomannan-based Gel Matrix
Authors: Allen Carmen C G , Díaz-Escandón David , DeLong-Duhon Sarah , Tagirdzhanova Gulnara , Huereca Alejandro , Reckseidler-Zenteno Shauna , Forbes Andrew , Spribille Toby 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Fungi are well-known for their ability to both produce and catabolize complex carbohydrates to acquire carbon, often in the most extreme of environments. Glucuronoxylomannan (GXM)-based gel matrices are widely produced by fungi in nature and though they are of key interest in medicine and pharmaceuticals, their biodegradation is poorly understood. Though some organisms, including other fungi, are adapted to life in and on GXM-like matrices in nature, they are almost entirely unstudied, and it is unknown if they are involved in matrix degradation. Sporothrix epigloea is an ascomycete fungus that completes its life cycle entirely in the short-lived secreted polysaccharide matrix of a white jelly fungus, Tremella fuciformis. To gain insight into how S. epigloea adapted to life in this unusual microhabitat, we compared the predicted protein composition of S. epigloea to that of 21 other Sporothrix species. We found that the genome of S. epigloea is smaller than that of any other sampled Sporothrix, with widespread functional gene loss, including those coding for serine proteases and biotin synthesis. In addition, many predicted CAZymes degrading both plant and fungal cell wall components were lost while a lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase with no previously established activity or substrate specificity, appears to have been gained. Phenotype assays suggest narrow use of mannans and other oligosaccharides as carbon sources. Taken together, the results suggest a streamlined machinery, including potential carbon sourcing from GXM building blocks, facilitates the hyperspecialized ecology of S. epigloea in the GXM-like milieu.
The TRIM-NHL RNA-binding protein MEI-P26 modulates the size of Drosophila Type I neuroblast lineages
Authors: Hu Yichao , Yang Xiaohang , Lipshitz Howard D 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Drosophila TRIM-NHL RNA-binding protein (RBP), MEI-P26, has previously been shown to suppress tumor formation in the germline. Here we show that, in the Drosophila larval central brain, cell-type-specific expression of MEI-P26 plays a vital role in regulating neural development. MEI-P26 and another TRIM-NHL RBP, Brain tumor (BRAT), have distinct expression patterns in Type I neuroblast (NB) lineages: While both proteins are expressed in NBs, BRAT is expressed in ganglion mother cells (GMCs) but not neurons, whereas MEI-P26 is expressed in neurons but not GMCs. Knockdown of MEI-P26 leads to re-expression of the stem cell marker Deadpan (DPN) and over-production of neurons. In contrast, ectopically expressed MEI-P26 reduces NB lineage size by repressing division of GMCs, resulting in reduced neuron production. We show that MEI-P26 positively regulates expression of Prospero (PROS), a transcription factor that is known to repress cell cycle-related genes. Ectopic expression of PROS phenocopies ectopic expression of MEI-P26. In both cases, Cyclin B (CYCB) expression is downregulated. Importantly, knockdown of PROS in the context of ectopic MEI-P26 rescues the neural lineage. Based on these results, we conclude that MEI-P26 functions to prevent over-production of neurons by promoting production of PROS which, in turn, downregulates cell division.
International Conference – IP Protection for Plant Innovation 2024
Authors: Bosse Jocelyn 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Plant intellectual property experts, key decision-makers, industry representatives, and professionals from around the world gathered in Amsterdam on 13 and 14 June 2024 for the 11th edition of the FORUM Institut’s biennial International Conference on IP Protection for Plant Innovation. The conference offered updates on the recent developments in plant intellectual property, as well as insights into the current debates in Europe and beyond. The talks provided international perspectives on a range of issues including plant-related patents; new genomic techniques; the new International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) explanatory notes on essentially derived varieties; the regulation of digital sequence information; and the potential impact of the disclosure of origin requirement under the new World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) Treaty on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge. This report provides a summary of the key points discussed at the conference. The next edition will take place in December 2026.
Mixed lipopeptide-based mucosal vaccine candidate induces cross-variant immunity and protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection in hamsters
Authors: Patel Raj S , Duque Diana , Bavananthasivam Jegarubee , Hewitt Melissa , Sandhu Jagdeep K , Kumar Rakesh , Tran Anh , Agrawal Babita 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The global dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 led to a worldwide pandemic in March 2020. Even after the official downgrading of the COVID-19 pandemic, infection with SARS-CoV-2 variants continues. The rapid development and deployment of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines helped to mitigate the pandemic to a great extent. However, the current vaccines are suboptimal; they elicit incomplete and short-lived protection and are ineffective against evolving virus variants. Updating the spike antigen according to the prevailing variant and repeated boosters is not the long-term solution. We have designed a lipopeptide-based, mucosal, pan-coronavirus vaccine candidate, derived from highly conserved and/or functional regions of the SARS-CoV-2 spike, nucleocapsid, and membrane proteins. Our studies demonstrate that the designed lipopeptides (LPMix) induced both cellular and humoral (mucosal and systemic) immune responses upon intranasal immunization in mice. Furthermore, the antibodies bound to the wild-type and mutated S proteins of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, including Alpha, Beta, Delta and Omicron, and also led to efficient neutralization in a surrogate viral neutralization assay. Our sequence alignment and 3-dimensional molecular modeling studies demonstrated that spike-derived epitopes, P1 and P2, are sequentially and/or structurally conserved among the SARS-CoV-2 variants. The addition of a novel mucosal adjuvant, heat-killed Caulobacter crescentus, to the lipopeptide vaccine significantly bolstered mucosal antibody responses. Finally, the lipopeptide-based intranasal vaccine demonstrated significant improvement in lung pathologies in a hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. These studies are fundamentally important and open new avenues in the investigation of an innovative, broadly protective intranasal vaccine platform for SARS-CoV-2 and its variants.
The Reachability Homology of a Directed Graph
Authors: Hepworth Richard , Roff Emily 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The past decade has seen the development of path homology and magnitude homology—two homology theories of directed graphs, each satisfying classic properties such as Künneth and Mayer–Vietoris theorems. Recent work of Asao has shown that magnitude homology and path homology are related, appearing in different pages of a certain spectral sequence. Here we study the target of that spectral sequence, which we call reachability homology. We prove that it satisfies appropriate homotopy invariance, Künneth, excision, and Mayer–Vietoris theorems, these all being stronger than the corresponding properties for either magnitude or path homology.
Antibody-Based Antigen Delivery to Dendritic Cells as a Vaccination Strategy Against Ebola Virus Disease
Authors: Olal Catherine , Bodmer Bianca S , Rottstegge Monika , Escudero-Pérez Beatriz , Port Julia R , Bencsik András , Nelson Emily V , Heung Michelle , Wurr Stephanie , Blake Olivia , Adam Elisa , Oestereich Lisa , Baz-Martínez Maite , Müller-Guhl Jürgen , Gallais Yann , Anjuère Fabienne , Malliere Bernard , Idoyaga Juliana , Hoenen Thomas , Muñoz-Fontela César 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Dendritic cells connect innate and adaptive immune responses. This is a particularly important immune checkpoint in the case of emerging infections against which most of the population does not have preexisting antibody immunity. In this study, we sought to test whether antibody-based delivery of Ebola virus (EBOV) antigens to dendritic cells could be used as a vaccination strategy against Ebola virus disease. Our approach was to use antibodies targeting the endocytic receptor DEC-205 present in murine and human dendritic cells, to deliver the EBOV nucleoprotein or the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA). Our findings indicate that DEC-205 targeting stimulated antigen-specific T-cell responses in mice, which resulted in protection from EBOV or recombinant EBOV-OVA challenge. An added value of this strategy was the generation of resident memory T cells. We propose that dendritic cell targeting could be used to improve T-cell responses against filoviruses, a strategy that may complement current vaccination strategies.
Associations Between the Gut Microbiome, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Profiles in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: MacCann Rachel , Li Junhui , Leon Alejandro Abner Garcia , Negi Riya , Alalwan Dana , Tinago Willard , McGettrick Padraig , Cotter Aoife G , Landay Alan , Sabin Caroline , O’Toole Paul W , Mallon Patrick W G ,   for the Understanding the Pathology of Comorbid Disease in HIV-Infected Individuals (HIV UPBEAT) Study Group, McGettrick Padraig , Barco Elena Alvarez , Tinago Willard , Leon Alejandro Garcia , McDermott Aoife , McGinty Tara , Cotter Aoife G , Macken Alan , Mallon Patrick W G , Kavanagh Eoin , McCarthy Geraldine , Sheehan Gerard , Lambert John , Powderly William , Compston Juliet , Sabin Caroline 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Inflammation and innate immune activation are associated with chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, despite effective treatment. Although gut microbiota alterations are linked to systemic inflammation, their relationship with HIV infection the relationships between the gut microbiome, inflammation, and HIV remains unclear.

Methods
The HIV UPBEAT Coronary Artery Disease sub-study evaluated cardiovascular disease (CVD) in people with and without HIV. Subclinical CVD was assessed using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). Thirty-four biomarkers were measured using quantitative immunoassays. Stool samples underwent 16S rRNA sequencing. Differentially abundant species were identified by analysis of compositions of microbiomes with bias correction (ANCOM-BC) and correlated to biomarkers, diet, and CCTA outcomes using Spearman correlation.

Results
Among 81 participants (median age, 51 years; 73% male), people with HIV (n = 44) had higher rates of hypercholesterolemia (P &lt; .025). Gut microbiome β-diversity differed significantly by HIV status. Enriched Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Megamonas hypermegale, and Selenomonas ruminantium correlated with lower plaque burden, while depleted Ruminococcus bromii correlated with higher plaque burden and fat intake. Depleted Bacteroides spp and Alistepes spp correlated with elevated biomarkers (D-dimer, CD40 ligand, C-reactive protein, and interferon-γ).

Conclusions
Gut microbiota differences in people with HIV were linked to subclinical CVD, diet, and inflammation, highlighting the microbiome’s role in cardiovascular risk in HIV infection.
Global microbial community biodiversity increases with antimicrobial toxin abundance of rare taxa
Authors: Liu Ya , Geng Yu , Jiang Yiru , Li Peng , Li Yue-zhong , Zhang Zheng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
One of the central questions in microbial ecology is how to explain the high biodiversity of communities. A large number of rare taxa in the community have not been excluded by abundant taxa with competitive advantages, a contradiction known as the biodiversity paradox. Recently, increasing evidence has revealed the central importance of antimicrobial toxins as crucial weapons of antagonism in microbial survival. The powerful effects of antimicrobial toxins result in simple combinations of microorganisms failing to coexist under laboratory conditions, but it is unclear whether they also have a negative impact on the biodiversity of natural communities. Here, we revealed that microbial communities worldwide universally possess functional potential for antimicrobial toxin production. Counterintuitively, the biodiversity of global microbial communities increases, rather than decreases, as the abundance of antimicrobial toxins in rare taxa rises. Rare taxa may encode more antimicrobial toxins than abundant taxa, which is associated with the maintenance of the high biodiversity of microbial communities amid complex interactions. Our findings suggest that the antagonistic interaction caused by antimicrobial toxins may play a positive role in microbial community biodiversity at the global scale.
Tailoring generative AI chatbots for multiethnic communities in disaster preparedness communication: extending the CASA paradigm
Authors: Zhao Xinyan , Sun Yuan , Liu Wenlin , Wong Chau-Wai 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study is among the first to develop different prototypes of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) chatbots powered by GPT-4 to communicate hurricane preparedness information to diverse residents. Drawing from the Computers Are Social Actors paradigm and the literature on disaster vulnerability and cultural tailoring, we conducted a between-subjects experiment with 441 Black, Hispanic, and Caucasian residents of Florida. Our results suggest that GenAI chatbots varying in tone formality and cultural tailoring significantly influence perceptions of their friendliness and credibility, which, in turn, relate to hurricane preparedness outcomes. These results highlight the potential of using GenAI chatbots to improve diverse communities’ disaster preparedness.
Laboratory and in-home evaluations of consumer- and professional-grade cockroach baits
Authors: Gordon Johnalyn M , Sierras Angela J , Jackson Daniela V , Principato Simona , DeVries Zachary C 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
German cockroaches (Blattella germanica (L.)) are a persistent pest in affordable housing and studies indicate that residents implement control on their own to deal with cockroaches within their homes. While many do-it-yourself (DIY) control options have proven ineffective, baits are widely considered to be a viable DIY solution for residents who do not have access to professional pest control services. To evaluate their efficacy, we tested consumer-use baits (Combat gel bait, Combat bait stations, and Hot Shot liquid bait stations) in both laboratory two-choice assays and in-home assays, comparing them with professional gel baits (Vendetta Nitro, Advion Evolution, and Maxforce FC Magnum). All baits (consumer- and professional-grade) caused &gt; 80% mortality within 14 d in laboratory assays, including against home-collected German cockroach populations. However, the in-home efficacy of consumer-grade baits in comparison to their performance in laboratory assays was inconsistent, with some baits resulting in significant declines in trap catch in 1 month (Hot Shot liquid bait stations), some taking longer (Combat gel bait), and some never showing a decline (Combat bait stations). Discrepancies between product performance in laboratory and in-home studies are concerning and suggest that laboratory assays alone might not be indicative of the potential for control, especially in the context of the more complex home environment. Failures of consumer-grade baits may require re-evaluation of current recommendations for the use of consumer-grade cockroach baits as a viable control option for residents struggling with cockroach infestations without access to professional pest management.
Housing supply elasticity and government-owned land: evidence from Hong Kong
Authors: Ren Ren , Wong Siu Kei , Chau Kwong Wing 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Housing supply elasticity is known to be related to three types of development constraints: topography, regulations, and scarcity of undeveloped land. This article shows that land ownership can also explain the spatial heterogeneity in supply elasticity if development costs differ between private and public land. Using data from Hong Kong (2003–2018), where government-owned land is common and has development advantages, this article confirms that the availability of government land contributes significantly to housing supply elasticity, in addition to the three constraints. This article sheds light on the potential of utilizing public land to increase housing supply.
Tumor localization strategies of multi-cancer early detection tests: a quantitative assessment
Authors: Tyson Christopher , Li Kevin H , Cao Xiting , O’Brien James M , Fishman Elliot K , O’Donnell Elizabeth K , Duran Carlos , Parthasarathy Vijay , Rego Seema P , Choudhry Omair A , Beer Tomasz M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Multi-cancer early detection (MCED) tests may expand cancer screening. Characterizing diagnostic resolution approaches following positive MCED tests is critical. Two trials employed distinct resolution approaches: a molecular signal to predict tissue of origin (TOO) and an imaging-based diagnostic strategy. This modeling study characterizes diagnostic journeys and impact in a hypothetical population of average risk MCED eligible patients.

Methods
A mathematical expression for diagnostic burden was derived using positive predictive value (PPV), molecular TOO localization accuracy, and numbers of procedures associated with each diagnostic outcome. Imaging-based and molecular TOO-informed strategies were compared. Excess lifetime cancer risk due to futile radiation exposure was estimated using organ-specific diagnostic imaging radiation doses.

Results
Across all PPVs and localization performances, a molecular TOO strategy resulted in a higher diagnostic burden: 3.6 procedures [SD 0.445] vs 2.6 procedures [SD 0.100] for the imaging strategy. Estimated diagnostic burden was higher for molecular TOO in 95.5% of all PPV and TOO accuracy combinations; ≥79% PPV and 90% accuracy would be required for a molecular TOO-informed strategy to be less burdensome than imaging. The maximum rate of excess cancer incidence from radiation exposure for MCED false positive results (individuals aged 50-84) was 64.6/100,000 (annual testing, 99% specificity), 48.5/100,000 (biennial testing, 98.5% specificity), and 64.6/100,000 (biennial testing, 98% specificity).

Conclusions
An imaging-based diagnostic strategy is more efficient than a molecular TOO-informed approach across almost all PPV and TOO accuracy combinations. The use of an imaging-based approach for cancer localization can be efficient and low-risk compared to a molecular-informed approach.