bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organization of trigeminocollicular connections and their relations to the sensory innervation of the eyelids in the rat
Authors: Ndiaye Awa , Pinganaud Gabrielle , Buisseret‐Delmas Catherine , Buisseret Pierre , Vanderwerf Frans 
Published: October 2002

AbstractRelationships between the trigeminal component of blinking and the superior colliculus (SC) were studied in rats. To localize primary afferent eyelid projections in the sensory trigeminal complex, neuronal tracing experiments were performed as well as analysis of c‐Fos protein expression after supraorbital (SO) nerve stimulation. Labelled nerve fibers were found to enter ventrally within the ipsilateral sensory trigeminal complex. Labelled boutons were observed at the junction of the principal nucleus (5P) and the pars oralis (5o) and in the pars caudalis (5c). The c‐Fos immunoreactivity was observed in neurons located in the ipsilateral ventral parts of 5P, 5o, and the pars interpolaris (5i) and bilaterally in 5c. Injections in 5P, 5o, 5i, and 5c resulted in anterogradely labelled fibers, with a contralateral preponderance, within the intermediate and deeper SC layers. Injections in 5P or 5o showed anterogradely labelled nerve fibers, profusely terminating in small patches in the medial and central portions of SC layer 4. Subsequently, dense labelling was found in the lateral portion of SC layers 4–7, without patch‐like organization. Injections in SC showed retrogradely labelled neurons predominantly within the contralateral part of the sensory trigeminal complex (28% in 5P, 20% in 5o, 50% in 5i, and 2% in 5c). Colocalization of the retrograde tracer after SC injections and c‐Fos immunoreactivity in neurons demonstrated that some 5P, 5o, and 5i neurons receive SO nerve inputs and project to SC. This implies that intermediate and deeper SC layers receive sensory information from the eyelids and may be directly involved in the regulation of eye–eyelid coordination. J. Comp. Neurol. 448:373–387, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alterations to neuronal polarity following permanent axotomy: A quantitative analysis of changes to MAP2a/b and GAP‐43 distributions in axotomized motoneurons in the adult cat
Authors: MacDermid Victoria , Neuber‐Hess Monica , Short Carly , Rose P. Ken 
Published: October 2002

AbstractFollowing axotomy, morphologically unusual, distal processes (UDPs) emerge from motoneuron dendrites. These processes contain an axonal protein, growth‐associated protein 43 (GAP‐43) but lack immunostaining for the dendritic protein microtubule‐associated protein 2a/b (MAP2a/b). Thus, it appears that neuronal polarity alters following axotomy. Our goal was to describe this change in neuronal polarity on a more detailed and quantitative level. We asked two questions: Following axotomy, where in the entire neuron does the immunoreactivity for MAP2a/b and GAP‐43 change and do these changes reflect a transformation of dendrite to axon or growth from terminal dendrites? Using intracellular labeling and immunocytochemistry, changes in MAP2a/b and GAP‐43 immunoreactivity were also found in processes with a morphology typical of terminal branches of intact motoneurons (called simple distal processes [SDPs]), as well as UDPs. Trajectories (the path from the soma to a single terminus) with UDPs and SDPs were longer than trajectories without these processes, and trajectories with UDPs were the longest. Trajectories without UDPs or SDPs were similar in length to trajectories from intact motoneurons. The distance from the soma to the point where MAP2a/b immunoreactivity became absent in trajectories with UDPs or SDPs was similar to the length of trajectories from intact motoneurons. Thus, following axotomy, two morphologically distinct types of axon‐like processes emerge from dendrites. The formation of these processes does not involve a transformation of the original dendrite, but rather growth at the ends of dendrites. J. Comp. Neurol. 450:318–333, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A ‘pure’ boundary node method for potential theory
Authors: Gowrishankar Ramesh , Mukherjee Subrata 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe standard boundary node method (BNM) uses a (meshless) diffuse interpolation (in terms of neighbouring scattered boundary points) for the primary variables. The method is not ‘truly meshless’, however, since cells on the boundary of a body are used for integration. This paper presents a ‘pure’ version of the BNM in which integration cells are dispensed with. Instead (overlapping), regions of influence (ROIs) of boundary nodes are used for integration. Initial results for 2‐D potential theory, presented here, are encouraging. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Homogenized high precision direct integration scheme and its applications in engineering
Authors: Wang Yuexian , Tian Xiaodong , Zhou Gang 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDynamics response of systems to impact or loading may be effectively treated by direct integration. However, it is often difficult to select the time‐step of integration properly, especially in the case where the system is badly stiff. Zhong presented an explicit direct integration scheme, HPD, for the homogeneous systems. This paper extends HPD scheme to analyse systems with loading or impact, through Fourier expansion and homogenizing the initial system. Compared with other methods, the new scheme named homogenized high‐precision direct integration (HHPD) has a higher precision and wider application and is less time‐consuming, and several examples in this paper show HHPD's effectiveness in engineering. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of “papillary‐like” clusters on endometrial cytologic preparations
Authors: Ono Midori , Shiina Yoshio , Sakuma Kanae 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe presence of papillary cell clusters is taken as a serious indication in the diagnosis of well‐differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma in Japan. However, papillary‐like clusters have been observed in both normal and benign samples. Therefore, overdiagnosis may occur in the observation of cytopreparations. The present study attempts to prepare a histological sample from an Auto Cyto Fix (ACF) sample prepared by the automatic fixation apparatus (ACF1000) using a membrane filter method after cytological observation and to examine its usefulness. In an ACF sample, a papillary‐like cluster was observed and the coverslip was then removed, the circumference of the membrane filter was cut off, and the target cell cluster was smeared, embedded, and sliced. In the cases in which a papillary‐like cluster was observed, even if differential diagnosis of the derivation was difficult due to a resemblance between the respective morphological findings, it was easily made by histological observation of an ACF sample. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;27:15–21. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pax3 and Dach2 positive regulation in the developing somite
Authors: Kardon G. , Heanue T.A. , Tabin C.J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn vertebrates, skeletal muscles of the body arise from cells of somitic origin. Recently, somite culture experiments have identified a set of genes, including Pax3, Six1, Eya2, and Dach2, that appear to play an important role in early myogenesis during somite development (Heanue et al. [1999] Genes Dev. 13:3231–3243). In somite culture Pax3, Six1, Eya2, and Dach2 not only function to activate myogenesis, but they form a complex network regulating each other's transcription. We sought to examine whether this putative Pax3/Six1/Eya2/Dach2 network of regulation actually functions in vivo. In particular, we tested whether Pax3 and Dach2 participate in a positive regulatory feedback loop in vivo as they do in culture. To test in vivo Pax3/Dach2 interregulation, we took advantage of the known dependence of both factors on ectodermal signals. Somites isolated from the overlying ectoderm lose expression of Pax3 and Dach2. Therefore, we attempted to rescue Pax3 or Dach2 expression in somites isolated from the ectoderm by retroviral misexpression of the complementary factor. Indeed misexpression of Pax3 or Dach2 resulted in rescue of Dach2 or Pax3, respectively. These rescue experiments demonstrate that Pax3 and Dach2 positively regulate each other's expression in vivo and support the validity of the Pax3/Six1/Eya2/Dach 2 network in regulating myogenesis. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transition between proliferation and differentiation for lens epithelial cells is regulated by Src family kinases
Authors: Walker Janice L. , Zhang Liping , Menko A. Sue 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAs in many cell types, lens cells must withdraw from the cell cycle before they initiate their differentiation. The involvement of Src family kinases (SFKs) in this key initiating event in cell differentiation was examined in lens epithelial cell cultures. SFK activity was suppressed with the specific inhibitor PP1. This induced expression of the cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors p27 and p57 and suppressed lens epithelial cell proliferation. Therefore, inhibition of SFK activity created conditions permissive for undifferentiated lens epithelial cells to withdraw from the cell cycle. Growth of the lens epithelial cell cultures in the presence of PP1 induced expression of filensin and CP49, lens differentiation‐specific intermediate filament proteins, providing evidence that suppression of SFK activity also promoted the initiation of lens cell differentiation. The mechanism by which PP1 signaled cell cycle withdrawal and commitment to differentiation was shown to involve induction of N‐cadherin cell–cell junction assembly and reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton from stress fibers to cortical filaments. This result was supported by the compaction of the epithelial monolayer in response to PP1, a morphogenetic change that we have previously shown to be dependent on N‐cadherin function and a hallmark of the commencement of the lens differentiation program in culture. The results presented in this study suggest that the decision of lens epithelial cells to withdraw from the cell cycle and initiate differentiation requires inhibition of SFKs and the formation of N‐cadherin cell–cell junctions. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
TnIfast IRE enhancer: Multistep developmental regulation during skeletal muscle fiber type differentiation
Authors: Hallauer Patricia L. , Hastings Kenneth E.M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTo identify developmental steps leading to adult skeletal muscle fiber‐type–specific gene expression, we carried out transgenic mouse studies of the IRE enhancer of the quail TnIfast gene. Histochemical analysis of IRE/herpesvirus tk promoter/β‐galactosidase reporter transgene expression in adult muscle directly demonstrated IRE‐driven fast vs. slow fiber‐type specificity, and IIB>IIX>IIA differential expression among the fast fiber types: patterns similar to those of native‐promoter TnIfast constructs. These tissue‐ and cell‐type specificities are autonomous to the IRE and do not depend on interactions with a muscle gene promoter. Developmental studies showed that the adult pattern of IRE‐driven transgene expression emerges in three steps: (1) activation during the formation of primary embryonic (presumptive slow) muscle fibers; (2) activation, to markedly higher levels, during formation of secondary (presumptive fast) fibers, and (3) differential augmentation of expression during early postnatal maturation of the IIB, IIX, IIA fast fiber types. These results provide insight into the roles of gene activation and gene repression mechanisms in fiber‐type specificity and can account for apparently disparate results obtained in previous studies of TnI isoform expression in development. Each of the three IRE‐driven developmental steps is spatiotemporally associated with a different major regulatory event at the fast myosin heavy chain gene cluster, suggesting that diverse muscle gene families respond to common, or tightly integrated, regulatory signals during multiple steps of muscle fiber differentiation. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Performance evaluation of data transfer on multiple routes through the Internet
Authors: Hayashi Takanori , Yamasaki Shin'ichiro , Morita Naoto , Aida Hitoshi , Takeichi Masato , Doi Norihisa 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this paper, we examined a data transfer scheme that distributes packets to multiple routes over the Internet and evaluated this scheme by simulating the packet distribution method in the routes and the effect of resequencing the packet order. The simulation examined file transfers over two routes having the same transmission rate. The fixed transfer delay time, delay variations, and packet losses indicated the network quality. When distributing packets to the route having a short send buffer time on the data transfer side and resequencing packets on the data receiving side, the most stable throughput was obtained by a scheme that released the queue when given a packet loss decision when the sequencing of the data was not updated even if packets were received from two routes. In addition, if the scheme alternately routes the packets between two routes when the difference in the delay times of the two routes falls within four packet times, the same performance as the previous scheme is obtained even without resequencing the packets. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 85(12): 89–99, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.1144
Analysis of received level characteristics with transmitter power control in DS‐CDMA system
Authors: Fujii Teruya , Miki Yoshinori 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn a broadband DS‐CDMA system, control of transmitter power is indispensable in order to solve the distance problem of mobile stations, in which the transmitter power of mobile stations is adaptively controlled so that the received power at the base station remains constant. In a DS‐CDMA system, the paths can be separated and RAKE reception can be applied, which helps to reduce the transmitted power as well as the error in transmitter power control. This paper considers the case in which transmitter power control by feedback is applied to a DS‐CDMA system, and analyzes the effects of control parameters such as the control time interval, the maximum amount of control, and the control step width, on the error of the transmitter power control, considering path and antenna diversity. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 85(12): 100–111, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.1145
High‐order vector elements for finite element electromagnetic analysis and subspace method in large‐scale eigenvalue problems
Authors: Hano Mitsuo 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn three‐dimensional electromagnetic field analysis by the finite element method, the function space of the higher‐order vector elements is separated into the gradient field and the rotational field and a new configuration method for the shape function is proposed. For a large‐dimensional eigenvalue problem with unique zero eigenvalue in the electromagnetic eigenvalue problem, the subspace method containing an algorithm eliminating the null space is proposed. When these methods are applied to the analysis of a cubic cavity resonator, fast analysis of a large‐dimensional eigenvalue problem becomes possible. In addition, it is found that more accurate solutions can be obtained with the higher‐order vector elements in the same computation time. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 85(7): 57–65, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10017
Planar three‐way power divider using short terminated stubs in the center of isolation bridges
Authors: Ikeda Yukio , Takeda Fumio , Tuda Kazuya , Ishida Osami 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA new planar three‐way Wilkinson power divider is described in which the output terminals are connected by isolation bridges. Short circuit stubs to cancel the capacitance component of the series resonant circuit are attached at the midpoints of the isolation bridges. A design formula is derived. In addition, it is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated that the bandwidth with a return loss of more than 20 dB is wider than the conventional Wilkinson power divider. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 85(8): 1–8, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10042
Bifurcations and intermittent chaos observed in a ring of four‐coupled PLLs
Authors: Hasegawa Akio , Komura Motomasa , Endo Tetsuro , Igarashi Ryo 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this paper, we study various types of bifurcations of attractors observed in computer simulation and electronic circuit experiment of the ring of four‐coupled PLLs when coupling coefficient σ is increased and the route to chaos is made clear. In particular, for intermittent chaos that is observed when σ becomes large, we study the laminar distribution, time variation of local expansion rate, and Lyapunov exponent. We have shown the existence of several kinds of intermittent chaos with different properties. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 85(12): 56–64, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.1128
Estimation of mutation rate at human glycophorin A locus in hematopoietic stem cell progenitors
Authors: Vickers M. A. , Hoy T. , Lake H. , Kyoizumi S. , Boyse J. , Hewitt M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSurveys of human mutant cells exhibit a few individuals with relatively high “outlying” values, which might be explained by rare mutations occurring during development. To estimate how commonly this occurs, mutant red cell frequencies at the glycophorin A locus in 135 neonates and 109 children and adolescents from three research centers are compared with simulations in which mutations arise from successive cycles of binary fission. The simulations predict the data most accurately when the mutation rate in stem cell precursors is about 2–4 × 10−7 per division cycle, which is similar to previous estimates from adult stem cell divisions. If these mutation rates are accurate, and the number of stem cell divisions during adult life is as low as previously estimated, it is predicted that up to one‐sixth of mutant stem cells over a lifetime arose in early life. However, these mutant stem cells would be difficult to detect in surveys because their distribution within the general population is so skewed. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 39:333–341, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Numerical simulation for rotating internal weakly viscoelastic flows in rectangular ducts
Authors: de Bortoli A. L. , Thompson M. , Zavaleta Calderon A. U. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe present work develops a numerical method for the solution of rotating internal weakly viscoelastic flows in rectangular ducts for dimensionless parameters such as the Reynolds, Rossby and Weissenberg numbers, taken respectively in the intervals between 171 and 12000, 0.047 and 1/12 and up to 1/10000. It is shown that the usual counter‐rotating double‐vortex configuration of secondary flow breaks down with the increase of the Reynolds number (over the threshold of 171). For higher Reynolds numbers such as 7500 and 12000 the secondary flow diffuses to the interior of the duct where it assumes a fully developed configuration and the transition to the turbulence structure is observed. The Sobolev norms increase almost proportionally to the increase of the Reynolds number, and play an essential role for more complex problems involving transition to turbulence modelling. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A multi‐dimensional monotonic finite element model for solving the convection–diffusion‐reaction equation
Authors: Sheu Tony W. H. , Chen Harry Y. H. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this paper, we develop a finite element model for solving the convection–diffusion‐reaction equation in two dimensions with an aim to enhance the scheme stability without compromising consistency. Reducing errors of false diffusion type is achieved by adding an artificial term to get rid of three leading mixed derivative terms in the Petrov–Galerkin formulation. The finite element model of the Petrov–Galerkin type, while maintaining convective stability, is modified to suppress oscillations about the sharp layer by employing the M‐matrix theory. To validate this monotonic model, we consider test problems which are amenable to analytic solutions. Good agreement is obtained with both one‐ and two‐dimensional problems, thus validating the method. Other problems suitable for benchmarking the proposed model are also investigated. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On streamline diffusion arising in Galerkin FEM with predictor/multi‐corrector time integration
Authors: Eguchi Yuzuru 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn the present paper, the author shows that the predictor/multi‐corrector (PMC) time integration for the advection–diffusion equations induces numerical diffusivity acting only in the streamline direction, even though the equations are spatially discretized by the conventional Galerkin finite element method (GFEM). The transient 2‐D and 3‐D advection problems are solved with the PMC scheme using both the GFEM and the streamline upwind/Petrov Galerkin (SUPG) as the spatial discretization methods for comparison. The solutions of the SUPG‐PMC turned out to be overly diffusive due to the additional PMC streamline diffusion, while the solutions of the GFEM‐PMC were comparatively accurate without significant damping and phase error. A similar tendency was seen also in the quasi‐steady solutions to the incompressible viscous flow problems: 2‐D driven cavity flow and natural convection in a square cavity. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.