bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Former des managers pour la modernisation du service public, le rôle du «management development »
Authors: Richards Sue 
Published: January 2024

The Role of Management Development in Public Service Modernisation.
The eighties saw the development of certain dominant models of management, where the emphasis was on tightening up control systems and forcing through cost reduction programmes. Public management for the 1990’s needs to go beyond the mechanistic model of “management by direction” and develop “management by design” as the dominant learning model. Designing the circumstances under which personal initiative and talent can flourish to produce a high level of performance, is the challenge now facing public management. Taking personal responsibility for the performance of the organisation raises a number of problematic issues such as leadership, cultural change, legitimacy of the pro-active public manager, and the significance of experiential learning in transformational management development.
La formation juridique des fonctionnaires des administrations centrales en Grande-Bretagne
Authors: Fortin Yvonne 
Published: January 2024

Legal Training of Civil Servants from Britain’s central Administration.
Improvements in the legal training of senior civil servants from Britain’s central administration, although seen as a precondition for coping with the notable increase in the number of claims, do not qualify for special appropriations. The introduction of basic legal training for administrators is a recent initiative which, though not very ambitious, is designed to produce quick results. For its part, the training of officials of the legal departments is being provided in a prevailing atmosphere of crisis. Yet, this training would allow the policymaking departments to make better use of the services of the legal departments.
France Télécom, l’opérateur national de télécommunications
Authors: Roulet Marcel 
Published: January 2024

France Télécom — National Télécommunications Operator Marcel Roulet
The France Télécom group, the national public telecommunications operator, must now switch from a monoproduct — monopoly — national System to a multiservice — competitive — international one. It must continue to perform its functions as a public service while formulating an offense strategy on the international front for the provision of new services. In preparation for the single market in 1993, France Télécom should develop an appropriate management structure similar to that of its European counterparts which combines greater operational flexibility with a strong supervisory and regulatory role.
Écologie et politique
Authors: Holleaux André 
Published: January 2024

Ecology and Politics.
The growth of the ecology movement at the end of the 60s coincided with the setting up of several nature conservation associations. Initially suspicious of politics and politicians, the movement gained momentum in the 70s mainly as a result of actions spearheaded by it on the ground. As the ecology movement’s influence on peoples’ lives spread, ecology grew into an increasingly important political and electoral issue. Political parties and public authorities were swayed by ecological concerns. The same development occurred abroad and today we find that ecological issues are losing their regional dimension and taking on a global one.
La fonction projet, de l’entreprise au développement local
Authors: Guillot Michel 
Published: January 2024

The «Function-Project» : from its Introduction in the Enterprise to its use in Local Development
The «function-project» instituted within enterprises at the end of the 1950s designates a special overseeing task force whose mission was to make sure that goods and services about to be produced are finally manufactured according to such technical specifications as cost, deadlines and quality. Local economy, made up of separated units having their own specific objectives, needs an external structure to oversee all the others to ensure that the global project remains coherent. Since the territory is a «place without a boss», it heardly lends itself to designating a project chief.
Danemark. Contractualisation des conditions d’emploi et décentralisation des responsabilités
Authors: Bruun Finn 
Published: January 2024

<i>Denmark.
Contract Employment and Decentralisation </i>

The convergence of the public and private sectors in Denmark is the result of a long-term process. Modernization policies implemented over the past 10 years have only accentuated this trend. Such policies have combined different methods such as the reform of budgetary procedures, decentralisation, etc. One of the aims is to achieve greater flexibility in the employment requirements and the further use of limited-term contracts. At the same time, a balance between autonomous action granted to those responsible for personnel management and the need to both coordinate and control public spending should be found.
La protection du consommateur au Royaume-Uni
Authors: Palmer Richard 
Published: January 2024

Consumer Policy in the United Kingdom.
Consumer policy in the UK reflects the government’s belief that the best form of protection cornes from consumers making informed choices in an open and compétitive market and that adapting the basic legal framework should be considered with caution. There is no general sale of goods législation spécifie to consumers but transactions affecting consumers are subject to many statutes. Enforcement is carried out by the Trading Standarts departments of local authorities and there are provisions for a law cost small daims procedure in the county courts. In addition, voluntary codes of practice hâve developed ; they are a more flexible instrument than régulations, and provide for conciliation mechanisms for handling complaints. But enforcement of those codes should be more effective.
Le droit de la consommation, reflet de l’évolution économique et technique
Authors: Babusiaux Christian 
Published: January 2024

Consumer Law — A Reflection of Economic and Technological
Development.
Consumer law, fluid and still in its incipient stages, has had to assert its independence across various sectors. Changes in the modes of consumption and mass consumption in recent years along with the growth of credit have necessitated the introduction of legislation. The internationalization and liberalization of trade and the growing sophistication of selling and marketing techniques pose fresh challenges. Legal procedures will moreover have to be adapted to take account of the transformation in the nature of litigation between producers and consumers. In short, the logic underlying the development of consumer law is the same as that underlying the development of competition law, ie balance and transparency.
Le consommateur, le droit et la justice
Authors: Marsigny Brigitte 
Published: January 2024

The Consumer, the Law and the Courts : A French View.
There can be no effective consumer protection when the law is too complex and lacks transparency, nor when access to justice is too costly. France produces too many legal instruments which prevent the legal practitioner to have continuing mastery of the legal framework. Because of its current problems, french justice is ongoing a major crisis which can only harm the consumer. A substantial reform of legal aid is one of the major actions required to improve the situation.
La modernisation de la justice
Authors: Kramer Pierre 
Published: January 2024

Modernizing the Judicial System.
The modernization plan of the Ministry of Justice is based on five pivotal points : consolidating staff responsibilities, developing concertation with trade-union organizations, a training policy, improving public relations and access to courts, and upgrading the jobs and working conditions of legal personnel. Created in 1988, the Modernization Commission plays a very important role in carrying out these objectives, handling information on all of these innovative practices, above all, by providing financial support for some modernization measures.
Le Conseil supérieur des tribunaux administratifs et des cours administratives d’appel
Authors: Cochemé Anne 
Published: January 2024

The Higher Council of the Administrative Courts and the Administrative Courts of Appeal.
Created in January 1988, the mission of the Higher Council of the Administrative Courts and the Administrative Courts of Appeal has been to guarantee the independence of members in its jurisdictions, by ensuring optimal career development as well as proper functioning of the jurisdictions. It retains a substantial consulting power on the individual career concerns of administrative magistrates and on the laws and regulations relating to administrative jurisdiction.
Les stratégies d’investissement dans les entreprises du secteur public industriel
Authors: Crespy Guy 
Published: January 2024

Investment in Public Sector Enterprises.
Public investment policies have changed considerably since the 1960s. From 1982 to 1985, they moved from largescale capital investment programs to a policy of sustained investment, due to the allocation of considerable Financial resources to the public sector. Do investment strategies for public enterprises adhere to a logic fundamentally different from those of the private sector ? The author of this article says no, emphasizing the autonomous management of public enterprises and the internationalization of their acti vides.
Les finances locales
Authors: Sergent Lucien H. 
Published: January 2024

Local Finance.
Local financing Systems vary considerably in western Europe. In particular, State allocation of resources from local taxes and receipts to local authorities is very uneven. However, even if, in most countries a priori supervision has disappeared, there is a widespread trend towards increasing the means of controlling local finances. With 1993 in site, this trend could be reinforced, leading central governments to reduce the financial autonomy of local authorities.
La communication publique en province
Authors: Comet Henri-Michel 
Published: January 2024

Public Communication in the Provinces
The state, the communes, and county and regional councils are the participants in regional public communication. Beyond asserting the identity of each of these institutions, two objectives emerge : improving the way in which they define their messages, and the effective assumption of civic duty. This implies a certain degree of cooperation which, while leaving room for political debate, requires reinforcement.
La communication déconcentrée au ministère des finances
Authors: Mouterde Pierre 
Published: January 2024

Decentralized Communication at the Ministry of Finance
With a view to decentralization, the regional information centers have formed an original regional communication tool whose objective has been to make contact with citizens in the field. How have these developed from 1977 to 1988 ? With what problems and difficulties have they been confronted ? An assessment of 11 years of decentralized communication at the Ministry of Finance.
Les structures à l’épreuve des faits : leçons de la guerre du Golfe
Authors: Cailleteau François 
Published: January 2024

Military Structures Under the Test of Reality
More than other organizations, armies must manage a structurally contradictory situation : they must be capable of being immediately called upon in various types of crises while assuring that their daily life goes on in times of peace. The operation to liberate Kuwait has made it possible to analyse the capacities of military structures to adapt in times of large-scale crisis. Taking the three armed forces into consideration, the author examines the three levels of command : central level (general staff), theatre of operations and support services management.
Entre le kolkhose et la jachère. Problèmes d’administration culturelle en Europe centrale et orientale
Authors: Wallon Emmanuel 
Published: January 2024

Between Kolkhoz and Fallow Cultural Administration Problems in Central and Eastern Europe.
Credits are cruelly missing for cultural institutions, because the all-State model which was inherited from the previous regime is in a deep crisis, and no private forces have emerged, which could replace the exhausted administrations. The first steps towards decentralization are hindered, in this field as in others, because of the lack of financial, technical and human resources at local level. Nevertheless, the question of competences must and can be urgently answered so as to enable the emergence of cultural policies adapted to this european new age.
Les finances, le budget et la comptabilité publique
Authors: Perez Rita 
Published: January 2024

Finance, Budget and Public Accounting
The Italian system of public finance has a set of specific characteristics. The administrations in charge of taxation are separated from those in charge of budgetting. The accounting regulations are very detailed and normally apply to all state organizations. But in order to cope with the rigidities of the system, a number of derogations have been established. The biggest part of income collected by central administration is transferred to local authorities and state field administrations. The delays in adopting the budget have led parliament to rationalize the budgetary procedure. However the budget, which is difficult to read, is not a reliable tool for management, and there is a clear lack of programming as far as credits are concerned.
La procédure administrative non contentieuse et la transparence
Authors: Sandulli Aldo 
Published: January 2024

Administrative Procedure and Open Government
The change from a unitary model of administrative organization to a multi-organizational model and the change in the relationships between government and private persons have led to a number of reforms in the functioning of government and administration. In this framework, the Act n° 241/1990 has innovated by giving full weight to the principles of participation and open government. In practice, administrative procedure is not only geared towards taking into account public interest, but has also become a major element for reconciling administrative efficiency and the protection of private interests.
Profil statistique de l’administration publique
Authors: Arabia Aida Giulia , Giammusso Valeria 
Published: January 2024

A Statistical Profile of Public Administration
Statistical analysis helps isolating a few significant aspects of Italian administration. First, the abundance of legislation, which is a consequence of the sectorial character of numerous Acts and of an important production of emergency measures. Second, Italian administration is “multi-organizational” because the increase and complexity of functions have led to fragmentation and differenciation of structures. The analysis of personnel data illustrates this evolution : it reveals an increase in numbers, a “southernization” and a feminization of personnel. Public finance are characterized by a continuous increase of resources and expenses. The extraordinary increase of the number of administrative court cases is also a striking characteristic of the last fifteen years.
Le régime financier des assemblées parlementaires en France
Authors: May Michel 
Published: January 2024

The Houses of Parliament’s Financial Settlement in France.
The sovereignty of Parliament stems from the principle of separation of powers as stated in article 16 of the french Declaration of human rights of 1789. Giving due respect to this sovereignty demands a financial settlement which guarantees a truly autonomous management. From the Revolution to Fifth Republic, rules and practices have efficiently safeguarded the financial independence of the Houses. Conventions of the Constitution have an important role to play. Written law, in turn, is sometimes generating paradoxical procedures.
Entretien avec Yves GUÉNA, vice-président du Sénat, sénateur-maire de Périgueux
Authors: Guéna Yves , Henry-Meininger Marie-Christine 
Published: January 2024

Members of Parliament’s Views. Interviews with Yves Guena and Alain Richard.
Two french MPs tell their views about the means provided to the Houses of Parliament. In the french concept, the legislative’s work consists in amending, correcting and adjusting the Government bills. In this sense, Parliament has the necessary means to accomplish its mission. But in the field of counter-expertise and counter-proposals these means are more limited. The administrative services have a determining role in the management of the Houses and in the organisation of their work. The french interpretation of the separation of powers leads to a kind of isolation of Parliament’s officials and probably to a limitation of their career perspectives.
Le conjoint dans la vie diplomatique
Authors: Montferrand Catherine de 
Published: January 2024

Diplomats’ Wives.
The real life of diplomats’ wives is far away from current clichés. A life of travels has its charms, but it is also full of inconveniences for the officer’s family. For professional life first, because one may forget any hope of a career. The fate of a spouse working for the private sector is probably much worse than the case of a civil servant. Second, the problem of children’s éducation is the most complex to solve. Children’s school life, with its successive ruptures and too short periods back in France, makes parents feel on the adventure path.
La politique de la ville sur le terrain : le point de vue d’un maire
Authors: Robien Gilles de 
Published: January 2024

Urban Policy in the Field : A Mayor’s Point of View
The issues raised by towns result not only from demographic movements but also from the new functions towns have to deal with, for which they have not been prepared : they have to integrate a human dimension and not only management. The growth of actions such as town contracts, emergency plans, the creation of an interministerial committee for urban policy show that public authorities are realizing the importance of this phenomenon. But the solutions which rarely go beyond initiatives or experiences seem bitty, insufficient, unadapted and sometimes short breathed. To deal with this situation a "Marshall Plan for towns" is needed, with differently oriented political choices -for employment, the development of urban district public services, local finances and local democracy -and a permanent mobilization of all actors involved.
Les paradoxes d’une institution : le sous-préfet chargé de mission pour la politique de la ville
Authors: Grémion Catherine , Mouhanna Christian 
Published: January 2024

Paradoxes of an Institution : the Sub-Prefect in charge of Urban Policy
According to the decree of 28 January 1991, the role of the sub-prefect in charge of urban policy is to arbitrate, monitor and impulse urban policy in his département, but it is quite difficult for this official to find his place and to impose his authority in front of local authorities’ administrations -sometimes with three levels -and state field services. This can be explained by the administrative context in which the sub-prefect has to be integrated : sometimes the established administrative structures in charge of this policy are too ill-assorted, sometimes they don’t even exist, in which case many of the sub-prefect’s initiatives seem to stem from non-administrative motivations. This yet fragile institution does not have all the legal and financial means it needs and is badly supported by central ministerial departments.
Vingt ans de politique des quartiers aux États-Unis. Entre rêve et cauchemar
Authors: Jacquier Claude 
Published: January 2024

Twenty Years of Urban Districts’ Policy in the United States -Between Dream and Nightmare
The United States are undergoing a deep urban crisis. It has a strictly urban aspect as far as it hits the downtown centers and the first urbanised circle. It is also a social crisis, because of the remaining poverty and the difficulties of integrating minorities. Successive democrat and republican administrations have proposed different solutions during the last thirty years, sometimes stressing the budgetary means available for communities, sometimes the role of private actors in a market economy, without great success. At the heart of the crisis, it is nevertheless possible to find developing communities which show a quite remarkable dynamism.
La protection du citoyen face à l’administration en Roumanie
Authors: Stanescu Dam Radu 
Published: January 2024

Citizen’s Protection Against Administration.
After the revolution of 1989, the first steps of Romania towards the rule of law were the adoption of a new constitution and the adhesion to the European Convention of Human Rights. Nevertheless the judicial review of the administrative actions is still to be organized to guarantee an effective protection of fundamental rights. Even more, it is necessary to set up a real separation of powers.
L’administration publique en Allemagne et en France - Des systèmes différents, des valeurs communes
Authors: Marcou Gérard 
Published: January 2024

<i>Public Administration in Germany and France :
Different Systems, Common Values</i>
In spite of exchanges and mutual influences which have existed for two centuries there are a number of differences between the French and German administrative Systems. The most important differences relate, on the one hand, to the theoretical underpinnings upon which the legitimisation of the role of the State rests, and, on the other hand, to the legal form of the State, which is federal in Germany and unitary in France. But, nevertheless, the ways in which the two countries have chosen to adopt their System of public administration are often of a similar nature and bear witness to the existence of common values.
Le système éducatif et les entreprises
Authors: Garagnon Jean , Merlin Christian 
Published: January 2024

The Education System and Business.
One of the key objectives of public authorities is to bring about the necessary closer link between the education system and the economic sector, an objective which is pursued at both national and local levels. In addition to the already established system of apprenticeships, the new concept of sandwich-courses, run by schools in conjunction with businesses, has now been introduced. The broad policy of consultation between State and the professions is being pursued through bodies comprising representatives from the economic and the education sectors, albeit that their respective influence is not always equal. The relationship between State and the business sector is reinforced by the important role played by the regions in professional training. The success of sandwich-courses has led to a “modernisation” of the system of apprenticeships. One must, however, remain cautious ; professional education has been insufficiently re-evaluated because of its lack of a coherent system. Perhaps the quinquennial law will put an end to this situation of uncertainty.
Dérégulation des services publics et statut
Authors: Roux Jean-Paul 
Published: January 2024

Deregulation of Public Services and the Status of Public Sector Employees
Jean-Paul Roux
The offensive against the public service has been launched. Neo-liberal thought, under the guise of modemity and under the pretext of Europe, is pursuing its strategy. However, the present social crisis, now more than ever before, is placing our public services at the heart of the struggle against exclusion, in order to reduce divisions in society. Europe itself, if its ambition is not limited to producing a vast area of free movement, needs a strong public policy guaranteeing the public interest in order to maintain its balance and its development. The idea of public service implies also the activities of those men and women who enable the services to fonction. In our country, the particular status of civil servants provide the guarantee for the execution of public service tasks.