bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Positive social comparison mechanism based on social comparison theory: Independency and interdependency on SNS in younger generation in Korea
Authors: Kim Hana , Km Songmi , Lee Heejung 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPeople utilize social networking services (SNSs) as a means of self‐expression. Therefore, it is necessary to create a positive environment for users to share such content. In this study, we investigated the social comparisons made by SNS users based on the social comparison theory. Furthermore, we examined the posting tendency according to the social comparisons made by young people on SNS, specifically in terms of luxury products. The study employs the social comparison theory, as well as passive reactions to posts by SNS users, to offer insights into various aspects of SNS usage behavior, ranging from reading and posting to the satisfaction of uploading. We surveyed college students in South Korea to test our hypotheses. The findings reveal that the younger the users engage in positive social comparisons through social media activities, the stronger their tendency to create independent posts. Thus, this study extends the social comparison theory by suggesting the possibility of promoting a positive environment for social comparisons among SNS followers, thereby strengthening the virtuous cycle structure of SNSs, where followers become publishers. In addition, the study findings suggest that SNS operators and marketers will be able to provide practical help in establishing operational strategies aimed at promoting the posts of SNS users and generating positive effects.
Multiple airway plasmacytomas: A rare cause of proximal airway obstruction requiring tumor debulking
Authors: Ghiathi Christopher , Barlev Ashley N. , Caponetti Gabriel C. , Plastaras John P. , Basu Devraj , Cohen Adam D. , Ma Kevin C. 
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical MessageExtramedullary plasmacytomas (EMP) can present as airway lesions causing central airway obstruction. Though typically solitary, EMPs should be considered in the evaluation of multifocal tracheobronchial tumors. Bronchoscopic tumor debulking and radiation therapy can be used for symptomatic relief.
Case report: Coexistence of Jacobs syndrome, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and ambiguous genitalia in a male infant
Authors: Khan Qaisar Ali , Amatul‐Hadi Faiza , Kooner Amritpal , Lee Amber , Ahmed Rahma , Nadella Adithya , Pande Harshawardhan , Levin‐Carrion Yaxel , Afzal Muhammad , Alfaro Moses 
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical MessageJacobs syndrome and congenital adrenal hyperplasia are separate entities but share common clinical features such as ambiguous genitalia. Further studies are needed to conclude the relationship between Jacobs syndrome and congenital adrenal hyperplasia.AbstractA 5‐month‐old male infant was evaluated for ambiguous genitalia. Examination revealed cryptorchidism, inguinal hernia, long phallus, and Grade 3 scrotal hypospadias. Serum 17‐OH progesterone was high and chromosomal analysis showed 47XYY/45XO. A diagnosis of Jacobs and CAH was made. The parents were counseled about the patient's condition. He was given hydrocortisone and referred to the pediatric surgeon for further management.
Unveiling the Potential of Heterogeneous Catalysts for Molecular Solar Thermal Systems
Authors: Gimenez‐Gomez Alberto , Rollins Benjamin , Steele Andrew , Hölzel Helen , Baggi Nicolò , Moth‐Poulsen Kasper , Funes‐Ardoiz Ignacio , Sampedro Diego 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSolar energy utilization has gained considerable attention due to its abundance and renewability. However, its intermittent nature presents a challenge in harnessing its full potential. The development of energy storing compounds capable of capturing and releasing solar energy on demand has emerged as a potential solution. These compounds undergo a photochemical transformation that results in a high‐energy metastable photoisomer, which stores solar energy in the form of chemical bonds and can release it as heat when required. Such systems are referred to as MOlecular Solar Thermal (MOST)‐systems. Although the photoisomerization of MOST systems has been vastly studied, its back‐conversion, particularly using heterogeneous catalysts, is still underexplored and the development of effective catalysts for releasing stored energy is crucial. Herein we compare the performance of 27 heterogeneous catalysts releasing the stored energy in an efficient Norbornadiene/Quadricyclane (NBD/QC) MOST system. We report the first benchmarking of heterogeneous catalysts for a MOST system using a robust comparison method of the catalysts’ activity and monitoring the conversion using UV‐Visible (UV‐Vis) spectroscopy. Our findings provide insights into the development of effective catalysts for MOST systems. We anticipate that our assay will reveal the necessity of further investigation on heterogeneous catalysis.
Deep phenotyping of the lipidomic response in COVID‐19 and non‐COVID‐19 sepsis
Authors: Meng Hu , Sengupta Arjun , Ricciotti Emanuela , Mrčela Antonijo , Mathew Divij , Mazaleuskaya Liudmila L. , Ghosh Soumita , Brooks Thomas G. , Turner Alexandra P. , Schanoski Alessa Soares , Lahens Nicholas F. , Tan Ai Wen , Woolfork Ashley , Grant Greg , Susztak Katalin , Letizia Andrew G. , Sealfon Stuart C. , Wherry E. John , Laudanski Krzysztof , Weljie Aalim M. , Meyer Nuala J. , FitzGerald Garret A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundLipids may influence cellular penetrance by viral pathogens and the immune response that they evoke. We deeply phenotyped the lipidomic response to SARs‐CoV‐2 and compared that with infection with other pathogens in patients admitted with acute respiratory distress syndrome to an intensive care unit (ICU).MethodsMass spectrometry was used to characterise lipids and relate them to proteins, peripheral cell immunotypes and disease severity.ResultsCirculating phospholipases (sPLA2, cPLA2 (PLA2G4A) and PLA2G2D) were elevated on admission in all ICU groups. Cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase and epoxygenase products of arachidonic acid (AA) were elevated in all ICU groups compared with controls. sPLA2 predicted severity in COVID‐19 and correlated with TxA2, LTE4 and the isoprostane, iPF2α‐III, while PLA2G2D correlated with LTE4. The elevation in PGD2, like PGI2 and 12‐HETE, exhibited relative specificity for COVID‐19 and correlated with sPLA2 and the interleukin‐13 receptor to drive lymphopenia, a marker of disease severity. Pro‐inflammatory eicosanoids remained correlated with severity in COVID‐19 28 days after admission. Amongst non‐COVID ICU patients, elevations in 5‐ and 15‐HETE and 9‐ and 13‐HODE reflected viral rather than bacterial disease. Linoleic acid (LA) binds directly to SARS‐CoV‐2 and both LA and its di‐HOME products reflected disease severity in COVID‐19. In healthy marines, these lipids rose with seroconversion. Eicosanoids linked variably to the peripheral cellular immune response. PGE2, TxA2 and LTE4 correlated with T cell activation, as did PGD2 with non‐B non‐T cell activation. In COVID‐19, LPS stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell PGF2α correlated with memory T cells, dendritic and NK cells while LA and DiHOMEs correlated with exhausted T cells. Three high abundance lipids – ChoE 18:3, LPC‐O‐16:0 and PC‐O‐30:0 – were altered specifically in COVID. LPC‐O‐16:0 was strongly correlated with T helper follicular cell activation and all three negatively correlated with multi‐omic inflammatory pathways and disease severity.ConclusionsA broad based lipidomic storm is a predictor of poor prognosis in ARDS. Alterations in sPLA2, PGD2 and 12‐HETE and the high abundance lipids, ChoE 18:3, LPC‐O‐16:0 and PC‐O‐30:0 exhibit relative specificity for COVID‐19 amongst such patients and correlate with the inflammatory response to link to disease severity.
Detection of doping control sample substitutions via single nucleotide polymorphism‐based ID typing
Authors: Naumann Nana , Walpurgis Katja , Rubio Ana , Thomas Andreas , Paßreiter Alina , Thevis Mario 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe authenticity of a doping control sample is a key element of sports drug testing programmes. Doping control sample manipulation by providing another individual's urine or blood (instead of the tested athlete's sample) has been observed in the past and is an unequivocal violation of the World Anti‐Doping Agency anti‐doping rules. To determine attempts of manipulations by sample swapping, the utility of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)‐based sample authentication with a multi‐target SNP panel was assessed. The panel comprises detection assays for 44 different SNPs, 3 gender markers and 5 quality control markers for DNA‐profile determination. Sample analysis is based on a multiplex polymerase chain reaction step followed by a multiplex single base extension (SBE) reaction and subsequent SBE‐product detection by MALDI‐TOF MS. Panel performance was evaluated for urine and dried blood spot (DBS) samples. Urine (8 ml) and DBS (20 μl) test samples were reliably typed and matched to whole blood reference samples, while efficient typing of urine samples correlated with sample quality and input amounts. Robust profiling of urine doping control specimens was confirmed with an assay input of 12 ml. Samples can be processed in a high‐throughput format with an overall assay turnaround time of approximately 11 h. SNP‐based DNA typing via MALDI‐TOF MS thus represents a high throughput‐capable possibility for doping control sample authentication. SNP profiling of samples could offer the opportunity to complement existing steroid profile analytics to substantiate sample manipulations and to support quality control processes in high throughput routine settings.
EMT and primary ciliogenesis: For better or worse in sickness and in health
Authors: Tessier Camille E. , Dupuy Aurore M. M. , Pelé Thomas , Juin Philippe P. , Lees Jacqueline A. , Guen Vincent J. 
Published: November 2023

SummaryEpithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and primary ciliogenesis are two cell‐biological programs that are essential for development of multicellular organisms and whose abnormal regulation results in many diseases (i.e., developmental anomalies and cancers). Emerging studies suggest an intricate interplay between these two processes. Here, we discuss physiological and pathological contexts in which their interconnections promote normal development or disease progression. We describe underlying molecular mechanisms of the interplay and EMT/ciliary signaling axes that influence EMT‐related processes (i.e., stemness, motility and invasion). Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of the relationship between EMT and primary ciliogenesis may provide new insights in the etiology of diseases related to EMT and cilia dysfunction.
Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of the genus Vernaya (Mammalia: Rodentia: Muridae) with the description of two new species
Authors: Zhao Songping , Wang Xuming , Li Binbin V. , Dou Liang , Liu Yingxun , Yang Siyu , Fan Ronghui , Jiang Yong , Li Quan , Liao Rui , Hu Miao , Jiang Xuelong , Liu Shaoying , Chen Shunde 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe climbing mouse is a rare, small mammal listed as an endangered species on the China species red list. Molecular phylogenetic analyses and the evolutionary history of the genus remain unexplored because of the extreme difficulty in capturing individuals and their narrow distribution. Here, we collected 44 specimens, sequenced one mitochondrial and eight nuclear genes, and integrated morphological approaches to estimate phylogenetic relationships, delimit species boundaries, and explore evolutionary history. Molecular analyses and morphological results supported the validity of these four species. Here, we describe two new species, Vernaya meiguites sp. nov. and Vernaya nushanensis sp. nov., and recognize Vernaya foramena, previously considered a subspecies of Vernaya fulva, as a valid species. The estimated divergence time suggests that the climbing mouse began to diversify during the Pliocene (3.36 Ma).
Horizontal viewsheds of large herbivores as a function of woodland structure
Authors: Gresham Amy , Healey John R. , Eichhorn Markus P. , Barton Owain , Smith Andrew R. , Shannon Graeme 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThere is great potential for the use of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) to quantify aspects of habitat structure in the study of animal ecology and behaviour. Viewsheds—the area visible from a given position—influence an animal's perception of risk and ability to respond to potential danger. The management and conservation of large herbivores and their habitats can benefit greatly from understanding how vegetation structure shapes viewsheds and influences animal activity patterns and foraging behaviour. This study aimed to identify how woodland understory structure influenced horizontal viewsheds at deer eye height. Mobile TLS was used in August 2020 to quantify horizontal visibility—in the form of Viewshed Coefficients (VC)—and understory leaf area index (LAI) of 71 circular sample plots (15‐m radius) across 10 woodland sites in North Wales (UK) where fallow deer (Dama dama) are present. The plots were also surveyed in summer for woody plant size structure, stem density and bramble (Rubus fruticosus agg.). Eight plots were re‐scanned twice in winter to compare seasonal VC values and assess scan consistency. Sample plots with higher densities of small stems had significantly reduced VC 1 m from the ground. Other stem size classes, mean percentage bramble cover and understory LAI did not significantly affect VC. There was no difference in VC between summer and winter scans, or between repeated winter scans. The density of small stems influenced viewsheds at deer eye height and may alter behavioural responses to perceived risk. This study demonstrates how TLS technology can be applied to address questions in large herbivore ecology and conservation.
Marine latitudinal diversity gradients are generally absent in intertidal ecosystems
Authors: Thyrring Jakob , Harley Christopher D. G. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCurrent latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) meta‐analyses have failed to distinguish one of the most widespread marine habitats, the intertidal zone, as a separate system despite it having unique abiotic challenges and spatially compressed stress gradients that affect the distribution and abundance of resident species. We address this issue by revisiting published literature and datasets on LDGs since 1911 to explore LDG patterns and their strengths in intertidal benthic, subtidal benthic, and pelagic realms and discuss the importance of recognizing intertidal ecosystems as distinct. Rocky shorelines were the most studied intertidal ecosystem encompassing 64.2% of intertidal LDG studies, and 62.9% of studies focused on assemblage composition, while the remaining 37.1% of studies were taxa specific. While our analyses confirmed LDGs in subtidal benthic and pelagic realms, with a decrease in richness toward the poles, we found no consistent intertidal LDGs in any ocean or coastline across hemispheres or biodiversity unit. Analyzing intertidal and subtidal zones as separate systems increased the strength of subtidal benthic LDGs relative to analyses combining these systems. We demonstrate that in intertidal ecosystems across oceans in both hemispheres, a latitudinal decrease in species richness is not readily apparent, which stands in contrast with significant LDG patterns found in the subtidal realm. Intertidal habitat heterogeneity, regional environmental variability and biological interactions can create species‐rich hot spots independent of latitude, which may functionally outweigh a typical latitudinal decline in species richness. Although previous work has shown weaker LDGs in benthic than pelagic systems, we demonstrate that this is caused by combining subtidal and intertidal benthic ecosystems into a single benthic category. Thus, we propose that subtidal and intertidal ecosystems cannot be combined into one entity as the physical and biological parameters controlling ecosystem processes are vastly different, even among intertidal ecosystems. Thus, the intertidal zone offers a unique model system in which hypotheses can be further tested to better understand the complex processes underlying LDGs.
Fatty acids analysis by capillary electrophoresis: Fundamentals, advantages and applications
Authors: Geraldo Patrícia Abranches , Velasco Arthur Woyames de Castro , Berlande Bruna Marchiori , Souza Jéssica Cordeiro Queiroz de , Candido João Marcos Beraldo , Adriano Luiz Henrique Cantarino , Brito Marco Antônio Domingues Assad e , do Nascimento Maria Patrícia , Moreira Olívia Brito de Oliveira , de Oliveira Marcone Augusto Leal 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis review covers the know‐how of the Grupo de Química Analítica e Quimiometria regarding the analysis of fatty acids by capillary electrophoresis acquired over its 20 years of existence. Therefore, the fundamentals, advantages, and applications of this technique for analyzing different fatty acids in samples such as food, oils, cosmetics, and biological matrices are presented and discussed. Capillary electrophoresis is, thus, shown as an interesting and valuable separation technique for the target analysis of these analytes as an alternative to the gas chromatography coupled to flame ionization detection, as it offers advantages over the latter such as low analysis times, low sample and reagent consumption, the use of a nondedicated column, and simpler sample preparation. In addition, the methods shown in this literature review can be useful for quality control, adulteration, and health‐related research by regulatory agencies.
Precipitation mechanism of dispersed carbide in a gear carburizing layer and its effect on properties
Authors: Tan Liang , Tan Jiqing , Lei Qiping , Hou Shengwen , Zhong Hua 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHeat treatment is carried out on 20MnCr5 gear steel using a cycle carburizing process. The dispersed carbide precipitation mechanism in the carburized layer of 20MnCr5 gear steel is revealed, and the metallographic organization, microhardness, wear resistance, and fatigue properties are tested. The precipitation mechanism of two kinds of dispersed carbides at grain boundary and inside grain in carburized layer of gear steel was observed by experiment. The size of dispersed carbide particles is 0–5 μm, and 90% of the dispersed carbide is appropriately smaller than 1 μm. Compared to gears without dispersed carbide, gears with dispersed carbide have high microhardness within a 0.4 mm depth below the surface and a low friction coefficient. It has been verified by bench test that the presence of diffuse carbides dramatically improves the fatigue life of the gears after shot blasting and shot peening.
Performance measurement and user‐centeredness in the healthcare sector: Opening the black box adapting the framework of Donabedian
Authors: De Rosis Sabina 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe framework of Donabedian is widely applied to performance assessment at the healthcare system level. Donabedian categorised the care quality measurement around three dimensions, namely structure, process, and outcomes. The first dimension concerns the inputs; the second one, the combinations of factors and inputs; the last one, the effectiveness in terms of patients' health status. Donabedian early included in the last dimension the patient satisfaction. Nevertheless, nowadays, outcomes are generally measured through hard endpoints, such as re‐admissions and mortality indicators. Recently, the Patient‐Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) have been included among the outcome measures within the Donabedian framework. How to move the concept of patient‐centeredness to a macro level, including the patient point of view in care quality measurement, evaluation, and improvement? This paper integrates the Donabedian structure‐process‐outcome framework, by incorporating in the proper dimension the patient‐indicators, namely the abovementioned PROMs and Patient‐Reported Experience Measures (PREMs). While PROMs are clearly measures of outcome, PREMs can be collocated in the process dimension, since they can be useful for mapping processes and care pathways, in a lean perspective, as well as in the outcome dimension, because inherently linked to outcome, and enablers of patient‐centeredness.
Using hydraulics to evaluate ecological benefits, risks, and trade‐offs from engineered flooding
Authors: Gibbs Matthew , Bice Chris , Furst Deborah , Gao Lei , Joehnk Klaus , McCullough Daniel , Montazeri Mahdi , Nicol Jason , Smart Jonathan , Wallace Todd , Zampatti Brenton , Brookes Justin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRegulation and water extraction have reduced river flow worldwide. In some rivers, this has led to reductions in the frequency and duration of floodplain inundation and, in turn, declining condition of flood‐dependent vegetation. One management response has been the construction and modification of infrastructure, or ‘regulators’, to engineer floodplain inundation at discharges that do not otherwise cause overbank flooding. Such actions have the potential to benefit floodplain vegetation, yet the atypical hydrodynamics of engineered floods may threaten riverine ecological processes and biota and increase the risk of adverse water quality. We investigated the influence of engineered flooding, and associated reductions to in‐channel hydraulics, on key ecological processes. Specifically, the transport and retention of larvae of an iconic fish species (Murray Cod, Maccullochella peelii), and a common microinvertebrate Trichocerca. Analysis of different flow management scenarios for floodplain inundation indicates that maintaining in‐channel velocities greater than 0.2 m s−1 produces higher Trichocerca densities, while velocities greater than 0.3 m s−1 creates suitable habitat for Murray cod larvae, thereby providing targets for avoiding detrimental effects of engineered floods on in‐channel biota. To evaluate responses to regulator operation, velocity was represented by a hydrological model using pre‐computed results from detailed hydrodynamic models. These results were used to relate upstream discharge and downstream water level to the proportion of each reach in the hydrological model meeting each velocity criterion. The model also represents changes in discharge, inundated area and a water quality parameter, dissolved oxygen. Model scenarios for engineered floodplain inundation were used to demonstrate the potential benefits, impacts and trade‐offs between the different metrics identified. The model framework enables a more holistic evaluation of infrastructure operation, extending analysis beyond discharge and inundated area to risks and benefits to key indicators of the ecosystem. This refined integrated approach to the management of regulated river systems may become critical in the future where water resources are projected to further decline under a changing climate.