bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Too soon to know: Exploring the conditions of existence of the constituent power—Afterword to the Foreword by Sergio Verdugo
Authors: Romeo Graziella 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This Afterword takes up the challenge presented by Sergio Verdugo’s Foreword and explores how Costantino Mortati formulated the concept of material constitution to address the questions raised by both Verdugo and proponents of constituent power theory. This Afterword contends that the material constitution tackles the problem of the socio-political foundations of the constitutional regime without falling into some of the conceptual pitfalls that Verdugo identifies in constituent power theory. However, the materialist approach does carry a risk of manipulation, which can only be resolved by clarifying the nature of the constituent activity involved in founding a constitution. This innovative perspective refines what we can expect from a theory of constituent power. To develop the argument, this Afterword elucidates the concept of the material constitution, examines its relationship with constituent power theory, and discusses the limitations of the materialist approach.
Utility of Bronchoalveolar Lavage for the Diagnosis and Management of COVID-19 in Patients With Cancer
Authors: Franklin Alexander , John Teny M , Khawaja Fareed , Jiang Ying , Yepez Eduardo , Ahuja Jitesh , Faiz Saadia A , Bashoura Lara , Sheshadri Ajay , Shannon Vickie R , Balachandran Diwakar D , McConn Kelly ,   Data-Driven Determinants for COVID-19 Oncology Discovery Effort Team, Mulanovich Victor E , Bhatti Micah , Chemaly Roy F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on nasopharyngeal swab (NPS), remains the most reliable and practical test to diagnose coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Current literature is sparse regarding the rates of discordance between NPS and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in patients with cancer.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult patients with cancer who had BAL samples tested for SARS-CoV-2 at a comprehensive cancer center. Patients without NPS PCR for SARS-CoV-2 before BAL were excluded.

Results
In a cohort of 345 patients, 12% and 17% tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 on NPS and BAL, respectively. There was a 6.3% NPS−/BAL+ discordance rate and a 9.5% NPS+/BAL− discordance rate. Patients with lymphoma (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 4.06; P = .007) and Hispanic patients (aOR = 3.76; P = .009) were more likely to have NPS−/BAL+ discordance on multivariate analysis. Among patients with NPS− /BAL− for SARS-CoV-2, an alternate infectious (23%) and a noninfectious etiology (16%) were identified in BAL.

Conclusions
Our discordance rates between NPS and BAL were sufficient to recommend BAL in certain patients with cancer with a high clinical suspicion of COVID-19. BAL has value in identifying alternative etiologies of illness in patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19.
Quality of communications infrastructure, local structural transformation, and inequality
Authors: Acosta Camilo , Baldomero-Quintana Luis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We estimate the causal impact of communication infrastructure quality on growth and structural transformation. We use variation across US counties’ Internet speeds in 2018 and build an instrument using ARPANET, a military network that preceded the modern Internet, with its location documented in historical government reports. We find that doubling Internet speeds increases the 4-year employment growth by 3.3–6.1 percentage points. Faster Internet shifts economic activity toward high-skilled services and away from non-tradeable services while increasing inequality. Industry linkages, capital-skill complementarity, and information and communication technology workers’ sorting rationalize our results. Medium and small cities and rural areas drive our results.
Induced pattern of high and steep slope landslides under rainfall conditions
Authors: Jin Hailong , Huang Lin , Wang Chunlai , Li Changfeng , Yizi Haer , Bai Zhian , Sun Liang , Zhao Ze , Chen Biao , Liu Yanjiang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Owing to the deep concave mining in Bayan Obo stope, the slope angle is steep, the terrain is high, the outcrop width of the crushing belt is large, the stability of many slopes is poor, and there are potential sliding surfaces. In this paper, through on-site investigation and sampling, the main factors affecting the landslide of the high and steep slopes of Bayan Obo are analyzed. Uniaxial compression tests were carried out to obtain the mechanical parameters of dolomite and slate. With the help of the three-dimensional digital speckle system, the whole process of slope landslide under rainfall conditions was studied through similar simulation and numerical simulation experiments. The influence of rainfall on the slope of Bayan Obo and the induced pattern of landslide were revealed. The experimental results show that rainfall is the key to inducing instability, the slippage at the edge of the slope is obvious, and there is seepage in the depths but the effect is not significant. The landslide can be roughly divided into the damage accumulation stage; the deformation development and expansion stage; and the unstable slip stage.
Repeated patterns of reptile diversification in Western North America supported by the Northern Alligator Lizard (Elgaria coerulea)
Authors: Leaché Adam D , Davis Hayden R , Feldman Chris R , Fujita Matthew K , Singhal Sonal 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Understanding the processes that shape genetic diversity by either promoting or preventing population divergence can help identify geographic areas that either facilitate or limit gene flow. Furthermore, broadly distributed species allow us to understand how biogeographic and ecogeographic transitions affect gene flow. We investigated these processes using genomic data in the Northern Alligator Lizard (Elgaria coerulea), which is widely distributed in Western North America across diverse ecoregions (California Floristic Province and Pacific Northwest) and mountain ranges (Sierra Nevada, Coastal Ranges, and Cascades). We collected single-nucleotide polymorphism data from 120 samples of E. coerulea. Biogeographic analyses of squamate reptiles with similar distributions have identified several shared diversification patterns that provide testable predictions for E. coerulea, including deep genetic divisions in the Sierra Nevada, demographic stability of southern populations, and recent post-Pleistocene expansion into the Pacific Northwest. We use genomic data to test these predictions by estimating the structure, connectivity, and phylogenetic history of populations. At least 10 distinct populations are supported, with mixed-ancestry individuals situated at most population boundaries. A species tree analysis provides strong support for the early divergence of populations in the Sierra Nevada Mountains and recent diversification into the Pacific Northwest. Admixture and migration analyses detect gene flow among populations in the Lower Cascades and Northern California, and a spatial analysis of gene flow identified significant barriers to gene flow across both the Sierra Nevada and Coast Ranges. The distribution of genetic diversity in E. coerulea is uneven, patchy, and interconnected at population boundaries. The biogeographic patterns seen in E. coerulea are consistent with predictions from co-distributed species.
On the number of different variables required to define the n-density or the bounded n-width of Kripke frames with some consequences for Sahlqvist formulae
Authors: Iliev Petar 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We show that both the $n$-density and the bounded $n$-width of Kripke frames can be modally defined not only with natural and well-known Sahlqvist formulae containing a linear number of different propositional variables but also with formulae of polynomial length with a logarithmic number of different propositional variables and then we prove that this exponential decrease in the number of variables leads us outside the class of Sahlqvist formulae.
What Does it Mean to be a Silviculturist?
Authors: DeRose R Justin , Long James N , Waring Kristen M , Windmuller-Campione Marcella A , Nelson Andrew S , Nabel Mark R 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSilviculture has been a dynamic discipline for over a century in North America. During that time, silviculture has been closely tied with dominant trends in society, from reforestation in the early nineteenth century to incorporating climate change, invasive species, and shifts in disturbance regimes during the twenty-first century, and the discipline continues to evolve. In this evolution, there have also been shifts to the definition of silviculture, from an art to art and science to recent proposals that it is strictly a science. We offer an alternative viewpoint in support of maintaining the contemporary definition that includes both art and science, supported by the role that silviculture plays in contemporary resource management and that silviculturists play in conducting both the strategic and tactical components of forest management. Despite the desire to recast silviculture as solely science, we argue that silviculturists need to be more artistic than ever, given the current era of rapidly changing social, ecological, and economic conditions. In addition to having a firm basis in science, silviculturists must also understand and practice their very important role as the honest broker between other resource professionals and society at large in the application of management on the ground.Study Implications: Silviculture has been practiced in North America for over 100 years. It is being shaped by remarkable developments in technology, evolving suites of interested parties and landowner objectives, and considerable climatic uncertainty. Silviculturists are being tasked with interpreting and applying science to accomplish increasingly complex objectives, often with scarce resources at large spatial scales; and all of this is being done in anticipation of further change. Silviculturists understand and accept these challenges and embrace the opportunity to be active stewards of the forests of tomorrow.
Efficacy and Safety of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines in Children Aged 5-11 Years: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kani Ryoma , Watanabe Atsuyuki , Iwagami Masao , Takagi Hisato , Yasuhara Jun , Kuno Toshiki 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Evidence of the efficacy and safety of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in children aged 5-11 years have been emerging. Collecting these data will inform clinicians, families, and policymakers. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in children aged 5-11 years, we conducted a systematic review of literatures and meta-analysis.

Methods
PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched on September 2022 without language restrictions. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies comparing vaccinated versus unvaccinated children aged 5-11 years and reporting efficacy or safety outcomes were included. Studies reporting safety outcomes in vaccinated children only (i.e., no control group) were also included. Two investigators independently extracted relevant data from each study. Odds ratios (ORs) for efficacy and safety outcomes and incidences of adverse events (AEs) following vaccination were synthesized using a random-effects model. This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology reporting guidelines. The primary outcome was SARS-CoV-2 infections with or without symptoms. The secondary outcomes included symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections, hospitalizations, and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). The incidences of each AE following vaccination were also evaluated.

Results
Two RCTs and 15 observational studies involving 10,935,541 vaccinated (median/mean age, 8.0-9.5 years) and 2,635,251 unvaccinated (median/mean age, 7.0-9.5 years) children were included. Two-dose mRNA COVID-19 vaccination compared to no vaccination was associated with lower risks of SARS-CoV-2 infections with or without symptoms (OR, 0.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.35-0.64) (Figure 1a), symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections (OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.41-0.70) (Figure 1b), hospitalizations (OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.15-0.68) (Figure 1c), and MIS-C (OR, 0.05; 95% CI, 0.02-0.10) (Figure 1d), while it was associated with a higher risk of any AEs compared to placebo (OR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.26-2.91) (Figure 1e). The incidence of AEs that prevented normal daily activities was 8.8% (95% CI, 5.4-14.2%) (Figure 1f) and that of myocarditis was estimated to be 1.8/million (95% CI, 0.000-0.001%) (Figure 1g) following the second injection.

Conclusions
COVID-19 mRNA vaccines are safe and effective measures to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19-related illnesses among children aged 5-11 years. Our data provided evidence for future recommendations.
Are We Dosing Correctly? Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Cefepime, Piperacillin-Tazobactam, and Meropenem in Individuals with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Rolsma Stephanie L , Sokolow Andrew G , An Guohua , Fishbane Nick , Fissell William , Gu Kenan , Jimenez Natalia , Kirkpatrick Carl , Landersdorfer Cornelia B , Nation Roger L , Patel Pratish C , Sokolow Katherine , Teresi Mary E , Kontos Marissa , Watanabe Amy , Winokur Patricia , Creech C Buddy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) experience recurrent bacterial pulmonary exacerbations. The management of these infections becomes increasingly complex due to decreased antimicrobial susceptibility and inadequate pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) characterization of the most commonly used antimicrobial agents in this population.

Methods
One hundred fifty-five pediatric and adult participants receiving cefepime (n=82), meropenem (n=42), or piperacillin-tazobactam (n=31) were enrolled. Opportunistic blood samples were obtained during hospitalization. Population PK (PopPK) analysis was conducted using nonlinear mixed effects modeling in NONMEM, and clinical and demographic characteristics were evaluated as potential covariates. Monte Carlo simulations evaluated the probability of PK/PD target attainment (PTA) for different dosing regimens. Multiple targets, defined as percentage of a 24-h time period that the free drug concentration exceeds the MIC (fT&gt; MIC), were selected based on prior studies of beta-lactam antibiotics.

Results
Preliminary PopPK modeling results show that lean body weight, creatinine clearance, daily dose, mode of administration (standard vs. extended infusion), and age affect PK parameters, with varying effects by drug. As anticipated, extended or continuous infusions resulted in higher PTA (Table 1). In the cefepime group, the 3-h infusion regimen achieved higher PTAs than the 0.5-h regimen across all age groups. Estimated breakpoints (in which ≥ 90% of patients are expected to achieve a PK/PD target) were 2-4 fold higher in pediatric participants receiving a 3-h infusion vs. 0.5-h infusion, based on age and target fT&gt; MIC. In the meropenem group, increased creatinine clearance led to reduced PTA, and in the piperacillin-tazobactam group, total daily dose and interval were the principal drivers of PTA.

Conclusions
To our knowledge, this is the largest PopPK study to date of these antimicrobials in individuals with CF. Clinicians should incorporate local antibiograms with these PopPK models to determine optimal dosing in patients with CF, since standard dosing regimens may fail to achieve specific PK/PD targets. This population may also benefit from beta-lactam therapeutic drug monitoring.
HAD2 Regulates Central Carbon Metabolism in Malaria Parasite P. falciparum
Authors: Chen Cathy , Frasse Philip , Hodge Dana , Roper Brianne , Odom John Audrey R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
The malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum causes nearly half a million deaths each year. Widespread resistance to antimalarials prompts an urgent need for novel drug targets both unique and essential to the parasite. The methylerythritol (MEP) pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis fits this profile. Previous studies showed that P. falciparum controls substrates available to the MEP pathway via the phosphatase HAD2. A point mutation in the HAD2 gene was found to misdirect metabolites from glycolysis to the MEP pathway. Elucidating the mechanism by which HAD2 controls central carbon metabolism will inform our understanding of essential parasite biology and the potential for resistance to metabolic inhibitors under development.

Methods
In this work, we have generated a P. falciparum strain in which HAD2 expression is under control of anhydrous tetracycline (aTc), such that growth in the absence of aTc leads to loss of HAD2 expression. We have used this tunable knockdown strain to regulate expression of HAD2 in asexual-stage parasites to test whether HAD2 is required for glycolytic and isoprenoid biosynthesis homeostasis. Asexual parasite growth rate was measured through flow cytometry, and dose-response assays were performed against a competitive small molecule inhibitor of the MEP pathway. Targeted metabolite profiling with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is in process to quantify glycolytic and isoprenoid metabolites in this knockdown strain.

Results
Knockdown parasites off aTc exhibited reduced growth rates relative to the wild-type strain. These parasites also exhibited a 4-fold increase in resistance to a competitive inhibitor of the MEP pathway compared to the wild-type [0.755 +/- 0.12 µM vs. 3.201 +/- 0.35 µM; p&lt;0.001).

Conclusions
Reduced expression of HAD2 confers resistance to a competitive inhibitor of the MEP pathway, consistent with the effect of elevated levels of MEP pathway intermediates as a result of disrupted homeostasis. Ongoing work will use this strain to understand the role of HAD2 on parasite metabolism, parasite growth, and drug resistance.
Validation of Risk Scale in Febrile Neutropenic Patients with Cancer in Guatemala
Authors: Córdova Recinos Ana Gabriela , Toledo Mario Melgar , Chang Alicia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
In National Unit of Pediatric Oncology (UNOP) located in Guatemala City an average of 150 patients are treated per day in outpatient and emergency consultation. The episodes of neutropenia post chemotherapy were recognized as predisposing factors for infections.

Methods
Prospective analytical observational study of pediatric cancer patients with episodes of febrile neutropenia, attended at the National Pediatric Oncology Unit (UNOP) in Guatemala. The following inclusion criteria apply: Patients age under 18 years old and diagnosis of cancer and febrile neutropenia defined by temperature above 38.3 C, ANC ≤ 500 secondary to chemotherapy in the past 7 days. Exclusion criteria apply patients with fever and neutropenia but not received chemotherapy and patients with an infectious focus. The primary endpoint was evaluated the performance of the risk categorization scale in febrile neutropenic patients. Secondary end points were admission to paediatric intensive care unit, death, reactive protein C value (CRP) and bacterial infection.

Results
A total of 28 episodes of fever and neutropenia recruited between November 2021 and July 2022 were classified 14 (50%) in low risk and 14 (50%) in high risk. Blood cultures were positive in 5 patients (17.9%). The risk scale was not statistically significative to predict bacteremia because two low risk patients have positive blood cultures, X2 was 0.243 (p=0.622) RR 0.917 95% CI (0.648 – 1.30). The majority of pathogens (4/5) were Gram- negative. Admission at intensive care unit in patients with high risk was statistically not significant x2 1.17 (p = 0.280). The calculated relative risk is 3.01 95% CI (0.621-1.15) without any deaths. According to the risk classification CRP ≥ 90 mg/L at 72 hours was 21.4% and 64.3% in patients with low and high risk respectively, X2 5.25 (p = 0.022).

Conclusion
The scale performance in the study was not statistically significative to predict bacteriemia in patients with febrile neutropenia, however it was clinically relevant to predict admission at unit intensive care for high risk patients. The early detection of a bacteremia and the rapid therapeutic intervention are crucial to improve the outcome
Multivariate Bayesian structured variable selection for pharmacogenomic studies
Authors: Zhao Zhi , Banterle Marco , Lewin Alex , Zucknick Manuela 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cancer drug sensitivity screens combined with multi-omics characterisation of the cancer cells have become an important tool to determine the optimal treatment for each patient. We propose a multivariate Bayesian structured variable selection model for sparse identification of multi-omics features associated with multiple correlated drug responses. Our model uses known structure between drugs and their targeted genes via a Markov random field (MRF) prior in sparse seemingly unrelated regression. The use of MRF prior can improve the model performance compared to other common priors. The proposed model is applied to the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer data.
Sanskrit and Vernacular Literatures at the Mughal Court
Authors: Busch Allison , Truschke Audrey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
India has long been a profoundly multilingual space, and the Mughal court is no exception. When the Persian language was given a boost of imperial patronage during Akbar’s reign, the process was governed not so much by supersession as by dynamic interaction with other local poetic and intellectual traditions. This chapter foregrounds two of India’s “other” early modern textual cultures, Hindi and Sanskrit, exploring how they fill out the picture of Mughal courtly life. The chapter also considers representations of the polyglot Mughal court and imperial politics beyond the royal center, including in Rajput courts and in popular sources.
Tropical Cyclone Impacts on Island-Based Populations
Authors: Shultz James M. , Kossin James P. , Shepherd J. Marshall , Ransdell Justine M. , Ettman Catherine , Ali Aleeza , Desir Gabriella Verwaay , Galea Sandro 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The complete 2017 Atlantic basin hurricane season, taken as a totality, was a potential harbinger of storm seasons that are likely to occur throughout the remainder of the 21st century based on the evolving dynamics of climate change. While the literature is less conclusive regarding the frequency of hurricane activity, studies have converged on the likelihood of more intense global storms on average. This chapter (a) documents the key aspects of the 2017 Atlantic season in relation to the prominent climate drivers that enhanced the severity of tropical cyclone hazards; (b) discusses the distinguishing vulnerabilities of small island developing states (SIDS) during a season when 22 of 29 Caribbean-region SIDS sustained impacts from at least one storm; (c) explores the public health consequences of the hurricanes, with specific focus on the life-threatening heat exposures experienced by SIDS-dwelling storm survivors; (d) elucidates the significant barriers to mounting an effective emergency response for SIDS populations; and (e) summarizes key points through a complexity lens. Taken as a whole, 2017 represented a perfect storm season insofar as the composite outcomes of the 17 storms painted a quintessential portrait of climate drivers influencing storm formation, severity, and human population consequences.