bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Germ-Line Point Mutation in RET Exon 8 (Gly533Cys) in a Large Kindred with Familial Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Álvares Da Silva Adriana M. , Maciel Rui M. B. , Dias Da Silva Magnus R. , Toledo Silvia R. C. , De Carvalho Marcos B. , Cerutti Janete M. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
Familial medullary thyroid carcinoma is related to germ-line mutations in the RET oncogene, mainly in cysteine codon 10 or 11, whereas noncysteine mutations in codons 13–15 are rare. We now report a new missense point mutation in exon 8 of the RET gene (1597G→T) corresponding to a Gly533Cys substitution in the cystein-rich domain of RET protein in 76 patients from a 6-generation Brazilian family with 229 subjects, with ascendants from Spain. It is likely that the mutation causes familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FMTC), because no other mutation was found in RET, the mutation cosegregates with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) or C cell hyperplasia (CCH) in patients subjected to surgery, and family members without the mutation are clinically unaffected. The histological analysis of 35 cases submitted to thyroidectomy revealed that 21 patients had MTC after the age of 40 yr and 8 before the age of 40 yr, 4 presented MTC or CCH before the age of 18 yr, 2 died due to MTC at the age of 53 and 60 yr, and CCH was found in a 5-yr-old child, suggesting a clinical heterogeneity. To improve the diagnosis of FMTC, analysis of exon 8 of RET should be considered in families with no identified classical RET mutations.
“Incipient” Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A “Forme Fruste” of an Old Disease
Authors: Silverberg Shonni J. , Bilezikian John P. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
Although primary hyperparathyroidism today is often a relatively asymptomatic disease, it has distinct biochemical and skeletal features. These features are present at diagnosis and are generally stable over time, leading to the theory of a biphasic disease course in which alterations occur during a preclinical phase. Measurement of calciotropic hormones in individuals undergoing skeletal evaluation has led to the identification of normocalcemic individuals with elevated PTH levels. We hypothesize that these patients represent the earliest manifestations of primary hyperparathyroidism
Twenty-two patients had hyperparathyroidism (94 ± 29 pg/ml) and normal corrected serum calcium levels (2.40 ± 0.02 mmol/liter). No secondary causes of hyperparathyroidism were found. PTH levels did not correlate with urinary calcium concentration, renal function, vitamin D concentrations, or bone density. The relationship between PTH and serum calcium (regression slope, +0.004) was identical in normocalcemic and hypercalcemic hyperparathyroid patients. Preferential cortical bone loss, characteristic of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, was not seen (T-score: spine, −1.6; hip, −1.8; distal one-third radius, −1.3). In up to 12 months of observation, three patients have developed hypercalcemia, and one has had two adenomas removed.
These patients with elevated PTH levels in the absence of hypercalcemia may provide a window into this previously unrecognized stage of the disease and permit investigators to track its evolution in ways that have not heretofore been possible.
The effect of changes in posture and clothing on the development of unfamiliar person recognition
Authors: Seitz Katja 
Published: November 2003

AbstractIn contrast to face recognition little is known about the development of unfamiliar whole‐person recognition. Various cues in a person's appearance may contribute to recognition performance. An age‐related influence of different features on person recognition performance is possible. Here, we investigated two variable features of person recognition, namely posture and clothing, in 4‐year‐olds, 6‐year‐olds, 8‐year‐olds, 10‐year‐olds and adults. The experimental methodology of a short‐term recognition‐test with an immediate four alternative forced choice (4AFC)‐array was used. Targets were shown for 5 seconds. Experiment 1 clearly indicates that a variation of both posture and clothing decreases performance in all age groups compared to a standard, i.e. a no‐change condition. An interaction age×variation of posture and clothing was not observed. In order to untangle the two aspects of posture and clothing, Experiment 2 varied only posture between encoding and recognition. An age‐effect was shown, but no other significant result occurred. Experiment 3 investigated variation of clothing only, and found main effects of clothing and age. Because there was no interaction between the two factors we infer that a change of clothing impairs all subjects' recognition performance. Children's person recognition performance suffers in a way similar to adults' person recognition performance when clothing is varied. In contrast, changing posture does not necessarily decrease recognition accuracy, neither in children nor in adults. No developmental gains were found for dealing with the transformation of posture and clothing between the encoding and recognition phase. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cognitive mechanisms underlying lying to questions: response time as a cue to deception
Authors: Walczyk Jeffrey J. , Roper Karen S. , Seemann Eric , Humphrey Angela M. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractIn this article, a model of the cognitive processes involved in generating deceptive answers to questions is proposed. Partly based on recent accounts of discourse processing, it posits two central processes. One is the decision to lie followed by the construction of a lie. Each should add to response time compared to answering honestly. In Experiment 1, the construction component was assessed; 92 adults were randomly assigned to one of two conditions where they answered personal questions either deceptively or truthfully. Constructing a lie added reliably to response time. Think‐aloud and correlational data support features of the model. In Experiment 2, 121 adults were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: either to tell the truth, lie, or lie when asked a question that probed sensitive information. Replicating and extending Experiment 1, the decision to lie added reliably to response time in the case of open‐ended questions (questions that elicit more than two possible answers). Based on between‐ and within‐subjects comparisons, results suggest that response time is a cue to deception. Recommendations are made for future research. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Associations between myside bias on an informal reasoning task and amount of post‐secondary education
Authors: Toplak Maggie E. , Stanovich Keith E. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractOne hundred and twelve undergraduate university students completed an informal reasoning task in which they were asked to generate arguments both for and against the position they endorsed on three separate issues. Performance on this task was evaluated by comparing the number of arguments they generated which endorsed (myside arguments) and which refuted (otherside arguments) their own position on that issue. Participants generated more myside arguments than otherside arguments on all three issues, thus consistently showing a myside bias effect on each issue. Differences in cognitive ability were not associated with individual differences in myside bias. However, year in university was a significant predictor of myside bias. The degree of myside bias decreased systematically with year in university. Year in university remained a significant predictor of myside bias even when both cognitive ability and age were statistically partialled out. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Individual differences in failing to save everyday computing work
Authors: Jones Gregory V. , Martin Maryanne 
Published: November 2003

AbstractIt has been argued that the study of human–computer interaction (HCI) tends to neglect the user without advanced skills, and the prediction (as opposed to classification) of human error. The present work aims to redress these balances by attempting to obtain a predictive understanding of variation in susceptibility to computing error in everyday life among non‐specialist users. On rare occasions, people lose the computing work they are carrying out because they forget to save it. Is this a matter only of unfortunate chance? The results of two studies indicated that this is not so. In both cases, levels of naturally occurring computing losses were found to be significantly related to individuals' general levels of susceptibility to cognitive failure, assessed by the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ), suggesting a possible explanation in terms of variation in attentional ability. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contribution of ovarian steroid production to urinary estrone conjugate concentrations in Macaca mulatta
Authors: Shideler S.E. , Gee N.A. , Chen J. , Laughlin L.S. , Rapp P.R. , Morrison J.H. , Roberts J.A. , Moran F.M. , Lasley B.L. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThis study was designed to test the hypothesis that basal estrone conjugate (E1C) profiles do not accurately detect ovarian function when ovarian estrogen production is low or absent. We employed surgical removal of active ovaries from laboratory rhesus macaques to simulate an acute decline in ovarian estrogen production. In the first experiment, urine samples collected prior to and following ovariectomy (Ovx) were subjected to high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation. Eluates were then assayed for E1C immunoreactive components. The results indicated a modest decrease in total immunoreactive polar conjugates following ovariectomy, with no substantial change in the overall retention profile. In the second experiment, estradiol (E2) cypionate injections were used to replace the E2 component of ovarian estrogen production in the treated (Tx) group, while the control group (C) received only vehicle. Urine samples were hydrolyzed and individual estrogens were separated by celite chromatography prior to immuno‐assay. Both the Tx and C groups exhibited similar urinary excretion levels of estrone (E1), E2, and E1C prior to Ovx (Pre‐Ovx) and after Ovx (Post‐Ovx), but there were significant differences between groups after treatment (Post‐Tx). Significant differences were observed in the Tx group's excretion of E1, E2, and E1C in the Pre‐ vs. Post‐Ovx samples and in the Post‐Ovx and Post‐Tx samples. The C group also showed the expected significant differences in the Pre‐ vs. Post‐Ovx samples, as well as in the Pre‐Ovx and Post‐Tx samples. The results indicate that the use of E1C measurements is clearly a suitable method for monitoring ovarian function in intact, cycling animals, but urinary E2 measurements are required to verify loss of follicular activity. Am. J. Primatol. 61:111–121, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On‐chip neural cell cultivation using agarose‐microchamber array constructed by a photothermal etching method
Authors: Moriguchi Hiroyuki , Takahashi Kazunori , Sugio Yoshihiro , Wakamoto Yuichi , Inoue Ippei , Jimbo Yasuhiko , Yasuda Kenji 
Published: November 2003

AbstractWe have developed a novel method for on‐chip cultivation of neural cells in a flexible agarose‐microchamber array on a glass slide. The agarose microchamber is a micrometer‐order cavity constructed on the surface of an agarose layer by molding a 50‐µm‐high square/circular micro‐cast of thick SU‐8 photoresist. In addition, the shape of the agarose microchamber was rearranged by using the photothermal etching method, in which we used an infrared (1064‐nm) focused laser beam as the heat source to melt and remove a portion of agarose gel at the heating spot. With the photothermal etching method, we can also manufacture narrow tunnel‐shaped channels between microchambers. When nerve cells were cultured on the agar‐microchamber array chip, the nerve cells in two adjacent microchambers connected through the photothermal‐etched channel after 48 hours of cultivation. Those results suggest the potential of an agarose‐microchamber array integrated with the photothermal etching method for the next stage of single cell cultivation and measurement of nerve cells, such as real‐time control of cell interactions during cultivation. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 146(2): 37–42, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10215
A study of thermal performance with frosting under forced convection on a flat plate: Prediction of frost growth using nonhomogeneous property
Authors: Shimomura Nobuo , Kumada Masaya , Cho Rencai , Mizuno Tosiyuki 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe purpose of this study is the evaluation of thermal performance of a heat exchanger with frosting and decision of optimal defrosting cycle. Because the increase of flow resistance is the principal factor of a drop of heat transfer performance with frosting, thermal performance characteristics were examined. Based on those experimental results, we proposed a one‐dimensional nonhomogeneous frost growth model, and compared it with the experimental data in time and space. In a nonhomogeneous model with the frost property distribution taken into account, density distribution similar to the experimental result can be predicted. It is possible to make prediction closer to the experimental result compared with the conventional homogeneous model with respect to the temporal variation of frost height. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 32(8): 674–689, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.10122
Measurements of the kinetics of the OH‐initiated oxidation of methyl vinyl ketone and methacrolein
Authors: Chuong Bao , Stevens Philip S. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe mechanisms of the OH‐initiated oxidation of methyl vinyl ketone and methacrolein have been studied at 300 K and 100 Torr total pressure, using a turbulent flow technique coupled with laser‐induced fluorescence detection of the OH radical. The rate constants for the OH + methyl vinyl ketone and OH + methacrolein reactions were measured to be (1.78 ± 0.08) × 10−11 and (3.22 ± 0.10) × 10−11 cm3 molecule−1 s−1, respectively, and were found to be in excellent agreement with previous studies. In the presence of O2 and NO, the OH radical propagation and the loss of OH through radical termination resulting from the production of methyl vinyl ketone‐ and methacrolein‐based alkyl nitrates were measured at 100 Torr total pressure and compared to the simulations of the kinetics of these reaction systems. The results of these experiments are consistent with an overall rate constant of (2.0 ± 1.3) × 10−11 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 for both the methyl vinyl ketone‐based peroxy radical + NO and methacrolein‐based peroxy radical + NO reactions, each with branching ratios of 0.90 ± 0.10 for the bimolecular channel (oxidation of NO to NO2) and 0.10 ± 0.10 for the termolecular channel (production of methyl vinyl ketone‐ and methacrolein‐based alkyl nitrates). © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 36: 12–25, 2003
Analysis of gas–solid noncatalytic reactions in porous particles: Finite volume method
Authors: Gupta Parthapratim , Saha Ranjit Kumar 
Published: November 2003

AbstractGas–solid noncatalytic (GSNC) reactions in porous particles are analyzed employing volume reaction model (VRM). Both single‐stage and two‐stage models have been used in the work. Earlier analysis for such reactions was mostly restricted to the first‐order reactions with respect to the gaseous component. The present work has used a range of reaction orders with respect to both gaseous and solid reactants. Front tracking method was employed for solving the moving boundary problem. Finite volume method (FVM) has been used for the first time for the analysis of GSNC reactions in porous particles, based on moving boundary zone models. The discretized equations are solved by tridiagonal matrix algorithm. The results for the first‐order reaction agree well with the analytical solution. FVM solution compares well with other numerical method (integral transformation followed by orthogonal collocation). Numerical results have also been validated with reported experimental data for reduction of Magnetite by CO. FVM is thus established to be a suitable numerical method to solve GSNC reactions in porous particles employing VRM. The effects of different process parameters on the progress of reaction have also been assessed.© 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 36: 1–11, 2003
Spectra of one‐electron atom in a spherical cavity
Authors: Changa Maris E. , Scherbinin Andrei V. , Pupyshev Vladimir I. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractRovibronic states and transitions of one‐electron atom in an impenetrable spherical cavity of radius R are studied. Independent estimations for the electronic wave functions and energies of the system are obtained on the basis of different numerical methods, and the follow‐up solution of the nuclear motion problem is performed for cavities of different size (R from 2–8 a.u.). The corresponding transition probabilities are evaluated within the dipole approximation. A qualitative analysis of the structure of the energy spectrum, the transition frequencies, and intensities is presented. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2004
Chemical bonding in crystalline silver halides: Wannier‐type atomic functions approach
Authors: Evarestov R. A. , Smirnov V. P. , Usvyat D. E. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractA method for chemical bonding analysis based on the minimal basis of Wannier‐type atomic orbitals (WTAOs) is suggested. WTAOS are formed by the Bloch states of upper valence and lower conduction bands. They are centered on atoms and have the symmetry of atomic‐like functions. A variational procedure is formulated for WTAOs generation. This procedure is equally applied to Bloch states in a basis of LCAO, plane waves, or any other set of functions. The proposed approach is used in analysis of the local properties of the electronic structure (atomic charges, bond orders, covalencies, and valencies) in silver halides AgF, AgCl, and AgBr obtained by the Hartree–Fock LCAO method. The advantages of WTAOs population analysis in comparison to the traditional LCAO Mulliken and Löwdin ones are discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2004
Single and regular hydrogenation and oxidation of carbon nanotubes: MNDO calculations
Authors: Zaporotskova I. V. , Lebedev N. G. , Chernozatonskii L. A. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractCalculations of electron energetic characteristics of atomic hydrogen adsorption processes on internal and external surfaces of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (tubulenes) of (6,6) “armchair” type having cylindrical symmetry have been carried out. This article reports also on the results of calculations of the atomic adsorption of oxygen on the surface of armchair and zigzag single‐walled carbon nanotubes. Ionic‐embedded covalent‐cyclic cluster (IECCC) and molecular cluster models within the framework of semiempirical quantum chemical scheme MNDO well shown in the theoretical researches of electronic molecular and periodic solid‐state structures have been used. The electronic and energy characteristics of the oxidation processes are analyzed, and the most energetically favorable oxide structure of the (6,6) nanotube is determined. It is found that narrow‐gap nanotubes show a tendency to metallic behavior as their surface is saturated with oxygen atoms. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2004
Orbital‐stoichiometric cluster model of carbon nanotube generation on quantum dots of diamond surface
Authors: Lebedev N. G. , Ponomareva I. V. , Chernozatonskii L. A. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe orbital‐stoichiometric cluster (OSC) model in the framework of quantum chemical MNDO scheme has been applied to simulate the diamond nanocluster to study carbon nanotube generation process on the diamond (111) surface. In this model the cluster orbital basis includes all internal atom orbits. The bordering atoms bring in the base only sp3‐hybrid orbits directed inside of the cluster. Some ways of nanotube growth have been considered: by absorption of monomers, dimmers, and trimmers of carbon. The comparison of the received characteristics of processes, in particular adsorption energy, has shown that the most favorable process is carbon monomer sorption on a pure diamond (111) surface. Processes of nanotube origin on surface quantum dots, which have been simulated by adsorbed Li, Na, K, Be, and H atoms, have shown high efficiency of nanotube growth: All of them proceed without energy barriers. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2004
Liability of foreignness in global competition? Financial service affiliates in the city of London
Authors: Nachum Lilach 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThis study was inspired by the observation that foreign financial service firms operating in the City of London do not suffer the liability of foreignness to the extent suggested by theory. To examine the reasons for this departure from theory, the study advances a theoretical framework that distinguishes between three types of advantages that together account for the competitive performance of MNEs relative to that of indigenous firms. Empirical analyses of a sample of 296 foreign financial service firms in the City of London show that in this particular context major sources of competitive performance are the firm‐specific advantages and the advantages of multinationality, where British firms may not necessarily possess an advantage over foreign firms. An examination of the validity of the findings, in order to assess the extent to which this situation is unique to the City of London or rather signifies a more general trend that requires theoretical modifications and extensions, is emphasized as a major task for future research. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Knowledge‐based resources, entrepreneurial orientation, and the performance of small and medium‐sized businesses
Authors: Wiklund Johan , Shepherd DEAN 
Published: November 2003

AbstractWhile theory suggests that management has discretion in manipulating resources in order to build competitive advantage, resource‐based research has focused on the characteristics of resources, paying less attention to the relationship between those resources and the way firms are organized. In explaining performance, entrepreneurship scholars have focused on a firm's entrepreneurial strategic orientation (EO), leaving its interrelationship with internal characteristics aside. We argue that EO captures an important aspect of the way a firm is organized. Our findings suggest that knowledge‐based resources (applicable to discovery and exploitation of opportunities) are positively related to firm performance and that EO enhances this relationship. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.