bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of music on preoperative anxiety using the Hamilton State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) in patients undergoing cataract surgery in the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku Ozalla
Authors: Ezepue Chukwubuike Obiora , Anyatonwu Obinna Princewill , Duru Christian Chukwuka , Odini Franklin , Onoh Chidimma , Nwachukwu Nwamaka , Oguonu Chukwunonso Afam 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionTo determine the effectiveness of music in allaying preoperative anxiety in patients scheduled for and undergoing surgery for age-related cataract.MethodsThis is a randomised interventional study of individuals aged 50 years and above who were scheduled for and undergoing cataract surgery under regional anaesthesia, with music (test group) randomly matched with similar individuals undergoing the same procedure but without music (control group). The surgeries were performed at the Ophthalmology Theatre of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Ituku Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria. Using a systematic random sampling method, a total of 98 patients were selected into two groups. Both groups completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) Questionnaire at baseline, immediately on entrance into the preoperative room and 5 min after intervention. The first group listened to music while the second group did not listen to music. Results were analysed using the SPSS V.20 and analysis of variance was used to compare means of variables measured at baseline, preoperative before intervention and preoperative after intervention. Categorical variables were compared using the χ2test. Student’s t-test was used to analyse the continuous variables.ResultsThere was an increase in the anxiety scores in the two groups on entrance into the preoperative room, however, 5 min into intervention, there was a significant decrease in the anxiety scores in the music group and a progressive increase in the anxiety scores in the group without music.ConclusionMusic has a positive effect on preoperative anxiety evidenced by the indirect effect of music on the STAI anxiety scores.
Use of a media campaign to improve access to contraception in Nigeria amid the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Adeoye Oluwatosin , Odeh Roselyn , Nwala Anthony , Edet Fidelis , Raji Mopelola , Ahmadu Hasiya , Songo Raymond , Balogun Fausiat , Idogho Omokhudu , Anyanti Jennifer 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionThe total lockdown used to curtail COVID-19 infection in Nigeria disrupted access to contraception. Society for Family Health facilitated access to sexual reproductive healthcare information through an Omni-media campaign during the COVID-19 lockdown. The effect of this campaign was subsequently assessed.MethodsThe cross-sectional survey was done among 3200 respondents, 15–49 years old from Lagos, Kano, Oyo and Kaduna states. Data were analysed using the SPSS V.21. Level of statistical significance was set at p value <0.05.Results41% of the respondents were aware of the campaign and 31.8% were directly reached with the messages. Oral contraceptive pills were the most heard-about contraception type (82.9%), and where to get contraception during the lockdown was the most common message (44.2%). Of those reached with the messages, 346 procured at least one form of contraceptive method, and 303 of these persons procured online. Respondents ≤34 years were more likely to procure contraception online compared with the older age groups (OR=3.23, 95% CI 1.01–1.52, p<0.003), unmarried respondents were more likely to procure contraception online compared with the married ones (OR=5.31, 95% CI 1.11–1.32, p<0.001), while respondents residing in the southern part of the country were more likely to procure contraception online compared with those residing in the northern part (OR=23.55, 95% CI 1.18–1.38, p<0.001).ConclusionsOnline channel can be a viable potential avenue for contraceptive access, especially for the unmarried and young people, and the population generally.
Burden, determinants and treatment status of metabolic syndrome among older adults in India: a nationally representative, community-based cross-sectional survey
Authors: Basu Saurav , Thirunavukarasu Arun James , Maheshwari Vansh , Zode Mrunali , Hassan Refaat 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionMetabolic syndrome is a significance driver of mortality and morbidity in India, but nationally representative data regarding disease burden and treatment status are lacking. Here, a cross-sectional study was undertaken to establish national and regional estimates of disease burden and explore reasons for lack of treatment of component conditions of metabolic syndrome in Indian older adults (45 years and older).MethodsA cross-sectional study was undertaken using data from the first wave of the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (2017–2018). Data for 66 606 individuals aged 45 years and above were analysed. The primary outcome was metabolic syndrome prevalence, defined by the National Cholesterol Education Programme ATP III criteria as an individual having any three of four component conditions: diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, abdominal obesity and hypercholesterolaemia. The secondary outcome of this study was treatment status of patients with component conditions.ResultsMetabolic syndrome was found to have an overall weighted prevalence of 4.83% (n=3630, 95% CI 4.24 to 5.51). Females, urban residents, obese individuals and physically inactive people exhibited greater prevalence. The most prevalent component of metabolic syndrome was hypertension followed by abdominal obesity, DM and hypercholesterolaemia. 8.85% metabolic syndrome patient reported no treatment for component conditions, while 17.58% reported only partial treatment. Elderly individuals between 60 and 69 (crude relative risk ratios, cRRR 2.20, 95% CI 1.20 to 4.01) and 80 years and above (cRRR 7.48, 95% CI 1.99 to 28.16), urban residents (cRRR 2.45, 95% CI 1.48 to 4.05), those from richer monthly per capita consumption expenditure quintiles (cRRR 2.55, 95% CI 1.00 to 6.47) and those with additional comorbidities (cRRR 2.17, 95% CI 1.28 to 3.70) were more likely to report comprehensive treatment.ConclusionsThis study highlights a substantial prevalence of metabolic syndrome in older adults in India and reveals remarkable disparities in provision of treatment. Better prevention, earlier detection and improved provision of treatment are urgently required to combat the rising prevalence of metabolic syndrome and reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease in India.
Isolated small airways obstruction predicts future chronic airflow obstruction: a multinational longitudinal study
Authors: Knox-Brown Ben , Potts James , Santofimio Valentina Quintero , Minelli Cosetta , Patel Jaymini , Abass Najlaa Mohammed , Agarwal Dhiraj , Ahmed Rana , Mahesh Padukudru Anand , BS Jayaraj , Denguezli Meriam , Franssen Frits , Gislason Thorarinn , Janson Christer , Juvekar Sanjay K , Koul Parvaiz , Malinovschi Andrei , Nafees Asaad Ahmed , Nielsen Rune , Paraguas Stefanni Nonna M , Buist Sonia , Burney Peter GJ , Amaral Andre F S 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundChronic airflow obstruction is a key characteristic of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We investigated whether isolated small airways obstruction is associated with chronic airflow obstruction later in life.MethodsWe used longitudinal data from 3957 participants of the multinational Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease study. We defined isolated small airways obstruction using the prebronchodilator mean forced expiratory flow rate between 25% and 75% of the forced vital capacity (FVC) (FEF25–75) if a result was less than the lower limit of normal (<LLN) in the presence of a normal forced expiratory volume in 1 s to FVC ratio (FEV1/FVC). We also used the forced expiratory volume in 3 s to FVC ratio (FEV3/FVC) to define small airways obstruction. We defined chronic airflow obstruction as post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC<LLN. We performed mixed effects regression analyses to model the association between baseline isolated small airways obstruction and chronic airflow obstruction at follow-up. We assessed discriminative and predictive ability by calculating the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) and Brier score. We replicated our analyses in 26 512 participants of the UK Biobank study.ResultsMedian follow-up time was 8.3 years. Chronic airflow obstruction was more likely to develop in participants with isolated small airways obstruction at baseline (FEF25-75less than the LLN, OR: 2.95, 95% CI 1.02 to 8.54; FEV3/FVC less than the LLN, OR: 1.94, 95% CI 1.05 to 3.62). FEF25-75was better than the FEV3/FVC ratio to discriminate future chronic airflow obstruction (AUC: 0.764 vs 0.692). Results were similar among participants of the UK Biobank study.ConclusionMeasurements of small airways obstruction can be used as early markers of future obstructive lung disease.
Skating on thin ice? Mental health and well-being in women’s ice hockey
Authors: Johansson Hanna , Malmborg Julia S , Ekengren Johan , Lind John , Ivarsson Andreas 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesFirst, to map the prevalence of symptoms of positive mental health, anxiety, depression and sleep difficulties, along with the coexistence of these symptoms, among players in the Swedish Women’s Hockey League (SDHL). Second, to investigate relationships between these mental health symptoms and demographic variables (ie, age, injuries, dual careers), social support and psychological flexibility.MethodsPlayers from nine teams in SDHL (n=182; mean age 22.3±SD 4.8, range 16–35) participated in this cross-sectional study. An online survey, including validated self-assessment questionnaires, conducted data collection. The questionnaires were distributed just before the play-offs started in the 2022–2023 season. Mental health variables were presented as descriptive statistics, and associations were investigated through multivariate binary logistic regression analyses.ResultsThe response rate was 91%. Moderate or severe symptoms were reported among 29.7% for sleep difficulties, 20.9% for anxiety and 18.1% for depression. Nineteen per cent reported comorbidities. Sixty percent reported flourishing mental health. Lower psychological flexibility was associated with lower odds of flourishing mental health and higher odds of symptoms of anxiety, depression and sleep difficulties. Social support was associated with higher odds of flourishing mental health and lower odds of sleep difficulties.Conclusion6 of every 10 players reported not reaching the ideal state of mental health (ie, flourishing mental health without mental illness). Mental health symptoms were statistically significantly associated with psychological flexibility and social support, suggesting that these factors will be beneficial to consider when preventing mental illness and promoting mental health in this population.
Understanding the malignant potential of gastric metaplasia of the oesophagus and its relevance to Barrett’s oesophagus surveillance: individual-level data analysis
Authors: Black Emily L , Ococks Emma , Devonshire Ginny , Ng Alvin Wei Tian , O’Donovan Maria , Malhotra Shalini , Tripathi Monika , Miremadi Ahmad , Freeman Adam , Coles Hannah ,   Oesophageal Cancer Clinical and Molecular Stratification (OCCAMS) Consortium, Fitzgerald Rebecca C 
Published: November 2023

Objective
Whether gastric metaplasia (GM) of the oesophagus should be considered as Barrett’s oesophagus (BO) is controversial. Given concern intestinal metaplasia (IM) may be missed due to sampling, the UK guidelines include GM as a type of BO. Here, we investigated whether the risk of misdiagnosis and the malignant potential of GM warrant its place in the UK surveillance.

Design
We performed a thorough pathology and endoscopy review to follow clinical outcomes in a novel UK cohort of 244 patients, covering 1854 person years of follow-up. We complemented this with a comparative genomic analysis of 160 GM and IM specimens, focused on early molecular hallmarks of BO and oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC).

Results

We found that 58 of 77 short-segment (
<
3 cm) GM (SS-GM) cases (75%) continued to be observed as GM-only across a median of 4.4 years of follow-up. We observed that disease progression in GM-only cases and GM+IM cases (cases with reported GM on some occasions, IM on others) was significantly lower than in the IM-only cases (Kaplan-Meier, p=0.03). Genomic analysis revealed that the mutation burden in GM is significantly lower than in IM (p<0.01). Moreover, GM does not bear the mutational hallmarks of OAC, with an absence of associated signatures and driver gene mutations. Finally, we established that GM found adjacent to OAC is evolutionarily distant from cancer.

Conclusion
SS-GM is a distinct entity from SS-IM and the malignant potential of GM is lower than IM. It is questionable whether SS-GM warrants inclusion in BO surveillance.
In vivo ameliorative effects of vitamin E against hydralazine-induced lupus
Authors: Githaiga Fiona Muthoni , Omwenga George Isanda , Ngugi Mathew Piero 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveIn this study, we investigated the in vivo ameliorative effects of vitamin E in a hydralazine-induced lupus model, which closely resembles SLE in humans. We aim to shed light on its potential as a therapeutic agent for managing SLE.MethodsForty BALB/c mice were used in this study. Hydralazine hydrochloride was orally administered in a concentration of 25 mg/kg to the five mice groups once weekly for a period of 5 weeks to induce a lupus-like condition. The untreated group was the normal control group. To confirm the development of lupus, an ANA test was conducted. After the mice tested positive for ANA, drug treatments commenced. The negative control group did not receive any drug treatment. The treatments included prednisolone, methotrexate and vitamin E, all administered at a concentration of 25 mg/kg, with a higher dose of vitamin E (50 mg/kg) also administered.ResultsNotably, on day 35, after drug treatment, we observed that mice that received vitamin E at a dosage of 50 mg/kg (3.01±0.100) had a slight decrease in lymphocyte hydrogen peroxide radicals when compared with the group receiving 25 mg/kg of vitamin E (3.30±0.100) (p<0.05). This finding suggests that the scavenging potential of vitamin E is dose dependent.ConclusionThis study suggests that vitamin E supplementation, especially at a higher dose (50 mg/kg), holds promise in ameliorating lupus-like conditions. These findings warrant further exploration and may offer a potential avenue for improving the disease status of patients experiencing SLE.
Prevalence of physical health comorbidities and long-term functional outcomes among community-reintegrated veterans following lower limb amputation in Sri Lanka
Authors: Wijekoon Ashan , Gamage Dona D , Jayawardana S 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionLower limb amputation (LLA) poses significant health challenges, including physical health comorbidities (PHCs) and functional limitations. Military veterans, who typically undergo traumatic LLA at a young age, endure these challenges for an extended period. Understanding the extent of these challenges is vital to designing tailored and feasible postamputation care for them. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of PHCs and long-term functional outcomes among community-reintegrated veterans following LLA in Sri Lanka.MethodsA comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in five districts in Sri Lanka. Prevalence of PHCs and functional outcomes were compared between community-reintegrated veterans with war-related traumatic LLA and a matched able-bodied cohort. Data on PHCs were collected from participants’ medical records and through a self-administered questionnaire. Timed-Up-and-Go (TUG) and 2 min walk test (2MWT) were used to compare functional outcomes between the groups. Veterans’ functional level was identified using the K-level classification.ResultsVeterans were active prosthetic users who had undergone LLA >10 years ago. Sixty-six (77.6%) veterans reported experiencing phantom limb pain. A significantly higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (34.2%), hypertension (22.4%), knee osteoarthritis (18.8%), knee pain (20%) and back pain (69.4%) was observed among veterans compared with the able-bodied group (p<0.05). Veterans demonstrated significantly lower levels of functional mobility (2MWT: mean (SD): 113.6 (14.8); increased risk of falling (TUG): mean (SD): 10.6 (1.8)) compared with able-bodied individuals (150.8 (11.9) and 7.2 (0.9), respectively, p<0.001). The majority of the veterans belonged to the K3 functional level (71.8%).ConclusionsThe higher prevalence of PHCs and impaired functional outcomes underscores the multifaceted health challenges faced by veterans with LLA living in low-resource community settings with limited access to rehabilitation. These findings provide insights into the unique rehabilitation needs of individuals with similar backgrounds, informing the design and implementation of tailored rehabilitation interventions.
The association between COVID-19 infection and incident atrial fibrillation: results from a retrospective cohort study using a large US commercial insurance database
Authors: Berman Adam , Iglesias Maximiliano , Khanna Rahul , Beaulieu Tara 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundWe sought to examine a 1-year incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) among patients with SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID-19) in comparison to those with non-COVID-19 acute upper respiratory infection (AURI).MethodsPatients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 (in any setting) between April 2020 and June 2021 were identified in Optum Clinformatics. Two comparator cohorts were constructed: an ‘AURI pandemic’ cohort (AURI diagnosis between April 2020 and June 2021) and an ‘AURI prepandemic’ cohort (AURI diagnosis between January 2018 and December 2018). One-year incidence of AF was compared among: COVID-19 versus AURI pandemic cohort; COVID-19 versus AURI prepandemic cohort; and AURI pandemic versus AURI prepandemic cohort. For each comparison, we applied a matching weights technique to balance covariates. Logistic regression was used to compare the odds of incident AF among the matched cohorts.ResultsWhen comparing the matched COVID-19 (n=102 227) cohort with the AURI pandemic (n=102 101) cohort, higher incidence of AF was observed among the COVID-19 cohort (2.2% vs 1.2%; p<0.001; OR 1.83; 95% CI 1.72 to 1.95). Similar findings were observed for the COVID-19 (n=169 687) versus AURI prepandemic (n=169 486) comparison (2.7% vs 1.6%; p<0.001; OR 1.70; 95% CI 1.63 to 1.78). When comparing the AURI pandemic (n=1 26 392) versus AURI prepandemic (n=1 26 394) cohort, no significant differences in incident AF were observed (1.1% vs 1.2%; p=0.133; OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.01).ConclusionPatients diagnosed with COVID-19 were found to be at a higher risk of incident AF as compared with those with AURI. Timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment of AF may potentially mitigate the burden of AF conferred by COVID-19.
Derivation and validation of four patient clusters in Still’s disease, results from GIRRCS AOSD-study group and AIDA Network Still Disease Registry
Authors: Ruscitti Piero , Masedu Francesco , Vitale Antonio , Di Cola Ilenia , Caggiano Valeria , Di Muzio Claudia , Cipriani Paola , Valenti Marco , Berardicurti Onorina , Navarini Luca , Iacono Daniela , Pantano Ilenia , Mauro Daniele , Ciccia Francesco , Rossi Silvia , De Stefano Ludovico , Monti Sara , Bugatti Serena , Montecucco Carlomaurizio , Caso Francesco , Costa Luisa , Prete Marcella , Perosa Federico , Iagnocco Annamaria , Atzeni Fabiola , Guggino Giuliana , Giardini Henrique , Antonelli Isabele Parente de Brito , Almaghlouth Ibrahim A , Asfina Kazi , Direskeneli Haner , Alibaz-Oner Fatma , Sevik Gizem , Tufan Abdurrahman , Sfikakis Petros P , La Torre Francesco , Hinojosa-Azaola Andrea , Martín-Nares Eduardo , Torres-Ruiz Jiram , Ragab Gafaar , Maggio Maria Cristina , Makowska Joanna , Del Giudice Emanuela , Bartoloni Elena , Emmi Giacomo , Govoni Marcello , Lo Gullo Alberto , Lopalco Giuseppe , Simonini Gabriele , Fotis Lampros , Ogunjimi Benson , Tharwat Samar , Frediani Bruno , Maier Armin , Carubbi Francesco , Dagna Lorenzo , Erten Sukran , Gidaro Antonio , Hernández-Rodríguez José , Sfriso Paolo , Fabiani Claudia , Giacomelli Roberto , Cantarini Luca 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundDifferent patient clusters were preliminarily suggested to dissect the clinical heterogeneity in Still’s disease. Thus, we aimed at deriving and validating disease clusters in a multicentre, observational, prospective study to stratify these patients.MethodsPatients included in GIRRCS AOSD-study group and AIDA Network Still Disease Registry were assessed if variables for cluster analysis were available (age, systemic score, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C reactive protein (CRP) and ferritin). K-means algorithm with Euclidean metric and Elbow plot were used to derive an adequate number of clusters.ResultsK-means clustering assessment provided four clusters based on means standardised according to z-scores on 349 patients. All clusters mainly presented fever, skin rash and joint involvement. Cluster 1 was composed by 115 patients distinguished by lower values of age and characterised by skin rash myalgia, sore throat and splenomegaly. Cluster 2 included 128 patients identified by lower levels of ESR, ferritin and systemic score; multiorgan manifestations were less frequently observed. Cluster 3 comprised 31 patients categorised by higher levels of CRP and ferritin, they were characterised by fever and joint involvement. Cluster 4 contained 75 patients derived by higher values of age and systemic score. Myalgia, sore throat, liver involvement and life-threatening complications, leading to a high mortality rate, were observed in these patients.ConclusionsFour patient clusters in Still’s disease may be recognised by a multidimensional characterisation (‘Juvenile/Transitional’, ‘Uncomplicated’, ‘Hyperferritinemic’ and ‘Catastrophic’). Of interest, cluster 4 was burdened by an increased rate of life-threatening complications and mortality, suggesting a more severe patient group.