bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anger episodes in high‐ and low‐trait‐anger community adults
Authors: Tafrate Raymond Chip , Kassinove Howard , Dundin Louis 
Published: December 2002

AbstractAnger is a basic emotion, experienced by almost all human beings in response to the unwanted and unexpected behavior of others. Yet, there is little consensus as to which characteristics may differentiate people who experience normal versus exaggerated or pathological anger reactions. We examined the self‐reported characteristics of specific anger episodes in 93 community adults who were high (HTA) or low (LTA) on trait anger. Using a componential model, they were asked to identify a recent anger episode and report on the triggers and associated cognitions, characteristics of the experience, desired and actual patterns of expression, and outcomes. HTA adults, in comparison to their LTA counterparts, exhibited anger reactions that were more frequent, intense, and enduring. They also reported more negative cognitions. Of particular importance, the HTA adults reported more physical aggression, negative verbal responses, drug use, and negative anger‐related consequences. Thus, clinically important anger reactions may emerge as a function of the anger trait. Results are discussed in terms of implications for diagnosis and treatment. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 1573–1590, 2002.
The fake bad scale in atypical and severe closed head injury litigants
Authors: Greiffenstein M. Frank , Baker W. John , Gola Thomas , Donders Jacobus , Miller Lori 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe correlational and diagnostic properties of Lees‐Haley's MMPI‐2 Fake Bad Scale (FBS) were examined in litigating atypical minor, litigating moderate–severe, and non‐litigating moderate–severe head injury samples. Overall, the FBS was sensitive to both litigation status and nonconforming versus conforming symptom courses. The FBS appeared superior to the MMPI‐2 F and F‐K scales in differentiating atypical from real brain‐injury outcomes. High FBS scorers also had higher scores on somatic complaining (Hs, Hy) and to a lesser degree with psychotic complaints (F, Pa, Sc). FBS showed significant associations with various neuropsychological symptom validity measures. FBS appears to capture a hybrid of infrequent symptom reporting styles with an emphasis on unauthentic physical complaints. However, FBS also correlated with documented abnormal neurological signs within a litigating moderate–severe brain‐injury group. Its use as a symptom infrequency measure may have to be modified in more severe injury litigants, as some FBS items may reflect true long‐term outcome in severe cerebral dysfunction. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 1591–1600, 2002.
Assessment of psychosis proneness in African‐American college students
Authors: Kwapil Thomas R. , Crump Rita A. , Pickup Danielle R. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe present study employed the psychometric high‐risk method to investigate psychosis proneness in African‐American and Caucasian college students recruited from three sites. The goals of the study were to develop norms for African‐American students on the Perceptual Aberration (Chapman, Chapman, & Raulin, 1978), Magical Ideation (Eckblad & Chapman, 1983), Revised Social Anhedonia (Eckblad, Chapman, Chapman, & Mishlove, 1982), and Physical Anhedonia Scales (Chapman, Chapman, & Raulin, 1976), as well as to assess the validity of this research method with African‐American students. Structured diagnostic interviews were conducted to assess the concurrent validity of these scales for identifying psychosis proneness. The results supported the use of separate norms for male and female African‐American students and provided support for the concurrent validity of this research method with African‐American and Caucasian college students. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 1601–1614, 2002.
Preliminary evidence of efficacy for EMDR resource development and installation in the stabilization phase of treatment of complex posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Korn Deborah L. , Leeds Andrew M. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis article reviews the complexity of adaptation and symptomatology in adult survivors of childhood neglect and abuse who meet criteria for the proposed diagnosis of Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (Complex PTSD), also known as Disorders of Extreme Stress, Not Otherwise Specified (DESNOS). A specific EMDR protocol, Resource Development and Installation (RDI), is proposed as an effective intervention in the initial stabilization phase of treatment with Complex PTSD/DESNOS. Descriptive psychometric and behavioral outcome measures from two single case studies are presented which appear to support the use of RDI. Suggestions are offered for future treatment outcome research with this challenging population. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 1465–1487, 2002.
Salivary cortisol levels and the cortisol response to dexamethasone before and after EMDR: A case report
Authors: Heber Ruth , Kellner Michael , Yehuda Rachel 
Published: December 2002

AbstractTrauma survivors with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been shown to have lower basal cortisol levels in the urine, plasma, and saliva than in trauma survivors without PTSD, nontraumatized mentally ill, or healthy subjects. We report on a case study in which we measured pre‐ and post‐Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) treatment salivary cortisol levels and salivary cortisol response to 0.50 mg of dexamethasone in a 41‐year‐old female with chronic PTSD symptoms. Our goal was to determine whether symptom improvement following trauma‐focused treatment (EMDR) is associated with changes in basal salivary cortisol or in the cortisol response to dexamethasone administration. Our findings show moderate symptom improvement, an increase in basal cortisol levels, and a more attenuated cortisol hypersuppression in response to the dexamethasone suppression test following EMDR treatment. These results suggest the potential utility of including neuroendocrine measures in the assessment of treatment outcome in PTSD. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 1521–1530, 2002.
Biofiltration of nuisance sulfur gaseous odors from a meat rendering plant
Authors: Shareefdeen Zarook , Herner Brian , Wilson Steve 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis paper presents a case study of a commercial biofilter, treating air streams contaminated with several odorous compounds including dimethyl sulfide, ammonia, methanethiol, hydrogen sulfide and ethylamine. The biofilter is packed with a proprietary wood‐based (BIOMIX™) medium which is designed to provide a good biological environment, pH buffer capacity, low pressure drop and resistance to compaction. This commercial biofilter treats a contaminated air volume of 15 000 actual cubic feet per minute (acfm) from a meat rendering and wastewater treatment operation with a 30‐s empty bed residence time. The case study includes a novel gas sampling procedure and characterization of biofilter air streams through a mobile Fourier transform infrared system and olfactometer analysis. The results confirmed the good distribution of air, moisture and bacterial population across the medium. Four years of consistent performance of this commercial biofilter with >99% removal of 24 500 odor units demonstrates that biofilters can be successfully applied for the removal of highly odorous gaseous sulfur compounds.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
BTEX removal from contaminated groundwater by a co‐culture of Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas fluorescens immobilized in a continuous fibrous‐bed bioreactor
Authors: Shim Hojae , Yang Shang‐Tian 
Published: December 2002

AbstractA fibrous‐bed bioreactor with immobilized cells of Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas fluorescens was used to treat groundwater contaminated with benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (collectively know as BTEX). The kinetics of BTEX biodegradation in the fibrous‐bed bioreactor operated under continuous well‐mixed conditions was studied at room temperature. Aeration was not used in the process fed with groundwater samples with an average total BTEX concentration of 2.75 mg dm−3. All BTEX compounds present in the groundwater feed were concurrently and completely biodegraded even under oxygen‐limited or hypoxic conditions. Nearly 100% removal efficiency was obtained when the retention time was greater than 1 h. BTEX removal efficiency decreased with decreasing the retention time, with p‐ and o‐xylenes showed up first in the treated groundwater, followed by benzene and then other BTEX compounds. Biodegradation rates of BTEX generally increased with increasing BTEX concentration and loading rate. The maximum BTEX biodegradation rate was 5.76 mg h−1 dm−3 at the loading rate of 6.54 mg dm−3 h−1. The bioreactor had a stable performance, maintaining its ability for efficient BTEX degradation without requiring additional nutrients for more than 1 month. The good performance of the fibrous‐bed bioreactor was attributed to the high cell density (∼15 g dm−3 reactor volume) in the fibrous matrix.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Solvent extraction of some metal ions with di‐2‐methylnonylphosphoric acid into heptane
Authors: Wang Tao , Nagaosa Yukio 
Published: December 2002

AbstractDi‐2‐methylnonylphosphoric acid (HA) as an extractant was investigated for the extraction of divalent metal ions into heptane at an aqueous ionic strength of 0.10 mol dm−3 (NaClO4) and at 25 °C. The extraction ability of metal complexes decreased in the order Cd(II) ≈ Mn(II) > Cu(II) > Co(II) > Ni(II). The metal complexes extracted were found to be all monomeric species for these metal ions using a slope analysis method. The curve fitting method was also applied to analyze the types of metal complexes extracted: MnA23HA and MnA24HA for manganese(II), CdA23HA and CdA24HA for cadmium(II), CuA22HA and CuA23HA for copper(II), CoA23HA and CoA24HA for cobalt(II) and NiA24HA and NiA25HA for nickel(II). Further, the extraction constants for the extracted metal complexes were evaluated.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of colloidal organic matter on nitrification and composition of extracellular polymeric substances in biofilms
Authors: Li Jiuyi , Luan Zhaokun , Zhu Baoxia , Gong Xiaoyan , Dangcong Peng 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe effects of colloidal organic matter on nitrification and the composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in biofilms were studied in two parallel bench‐scale biological aerated filters (BAFs) fed with different organic carbon sources. The study filter used starch and glucose to model colloidal and soluble organic carbon, respectively, while the control filter used glucose as the sole organic carbon source. Studies with different COD/NH4+ (C/N) ratios (0.5–6.0) showed that the increase in organic matter in the influent resulted in the displacement of nitrification from the bottom to the upper part of filter bed. It was observed that the greater reduction in nitrification was caused by colloidal organic matter rather than by soluble organics at the same COD concentration. The starch hydrolysis took place in the bottom 40 cm of the filter bed, which implied that hydrolysis of colloidal organic matter into smaller molecules could not be the limiting step of its oxidation in the biofilm. In addition, biofilm surface morphology and EPS composition were subject to different substrate conditions. Polysaccharide was the primary and protein the minor component of the EPS extract. In the study filter, the protein content of EPS diminished from the bottom to the upper layer of the filter bed, which was strongly correlated to the hydrolysis of colloidal organic matter.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Lecithin‐enhanced biotransformation of cholesterol to androsta‐1,4‐diene‐3,17‐dione and androsta‐4‐ene‐3,17‐dione
Authors: Wang Zhi Feng , Huang Yu Liang , Rathman James F , Yang Shang‐Tian 
Published: December 2002

AbstractA biotransformation process using Mycobacterium sp was studied for androsta‐1, 4‐diene‐3,17‐dione (ADD) and androsta‐4‐ene‐3,17‐dione (AD) production from cholesterol. Cholesterol has a poor solubility in water (∼1.8 mg dm−3 at 25 °C), which makes it difficult to use as the substrate for biotransformation. Lecithin is a mixture of phospholipids of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), which behave like surfactants and can form planar bi‐layer structures in an aqueous medium. Therefore, a small amount of lecithin (<1 g dm−3) can be used to form stable colloids with cholesterol at a relatively high concentration (20 g dm−3) in water. In this work, an energy density of 1000 J cm−3 from sonication was provided to overcome the self‐association of cholesterol and to generate a stable lecithin–cholesterol suspension that could be used for enhanced biotransformation. The lecithin–cholesterol suspension was stable and could withstand typical autoclaving conditions (121 °C, 15 psig, 20 min). In contrast to conventional surfactants, such as Tween 80, that are commonly used to help solubilize cholesterol, lecithin did not change the surface tension of the aqueous solution nor cause any significant foaming problem. Lecithin was also biocompatible and showed no adverse effect on cell growth. Compared with the medium with Tween 80 as the cholesterol‐solubilizing agent, lecithin greatly improved the biotransformation process in regard to its final product yield (∼59% w/w), productivity (0.127–0.346 g dm−3 day−1), ADD/AD ratio (6.7–8), as well as the long‐term process stability. Cells can be reused in repeated batch fermentations for up to seven consecutive batches, but then lose their bioactivity due to aging problems, possibly caused by product inhibition and nutrient depletion.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Assignment of pH‐dependent NMR spectra of the scorpiand macrocycle: an application of titration profiles and spectral linewidths
Authors: Nazarski Ryszard B. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractRoutine homo‐ and heteronuclear 2D NMR experiments (COSY, HMQC, TOCSY and ROESY) were performed for the complex macrocyclic pentaamine ligand 1‐(2′‐aminoethyl)‐1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradecane (1, scorpiand), derived from 1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradecane (cyclam). However, some its 13C and 1H resonances were distinguished only based on the similarity between profiles of relevant pH–chemical shift plots and/or linewidth considerations. Following this empirical method relying on the assumption that titration curves of nuclei in comparable chemical environments have comparable shapes, it was possible to assign all chemical shifts (13C, pH 0.25–13.4; 1H, pH 10–11.5) for some different protonated species Hn1n+. A multiple experimental approach used for recognizing their NMR signals is offered as a general assignment procedure in the case of polyazamacrocycles. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High resolution in heteronuclear 1H–13C NMR experiments by optimizing spectral aliasing with one‐dimensional carbon data
Authors: Jeannerat Damien 
Published: December 2002

AbstractIn the chemistry literature it is common to provide NMR data on both proton and carbon spectra based on one‐dimensional experiments, but often only proton spectra are assigned. The absence of a complete attribution of the carbons is in good part due to the difficulty in reaching the necessary resolution in the carbon dimension of two‐dimensional experiments. It has already been shown that high‐resolution heteronuclear spectra can be acquired within nearly the same acquisition time using a violation of the Nyquist condition. For a spectral width reduction by a given factor k, the resolution increases by the same factor as long as it is not limited by relaxation. The price to pay for such an improvement is a k‐fold ambiguity in the chemical shift of the signal along the folded or aliased dimension. The computer algorithm presented in this paper takes advantage of the peak list stemming from one‐dimensional spectra in order to calculate spectral widths for which the ambiguities in the aliased dimension of heteronuclear experiments are eliminated or at least minimized. The resolution improvement factor is only limited by the natural lineshape and reaches a typical value higher than 100. The program may be set to run automatically on spectrometers equipped with automatic sample changers. Applications to short‐range HSQC experiments and long‐range HMBC spectra of steroids, carbohydrates, a peptide and a mixture of isomers are shown as examples. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
19F NMR chemical shifts of CF4 in CO2 over a wide pressure range at different temperatures
Authors: Kanakubo Mitsuhiro , Umecky Tatsuya , Aizawa Takafumi , Masuda Yoshio , Ikushima Yutaka 
Published: December 2002

Abstract19F NMR chemical shifts of CF4 in CO2 under extremely dilute concentrations were precisely determined at 299.8, 314.4 and 328.9 K over a wide range of pressure between 0.4 and 33 MPa. The solvent‐induced chemical shift, where the bulk magnetic susceptibility correction was made, was quantitatively expressed as a function of CO2 density. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Complete assignment of the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of four 2‐substituted 4a,8a‐cis‐endo‐5,8‐methano‐4a,5,8,8a‐tetrahydronaphthalene‐1,4‐diones
Authors: de Arruda Campos Ivan P. , Rezende Daisy de B. , Lucchini Vittorio , Di Vitta Cláudio 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe complete assignment of the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of the title enediones, bearing as substituents N‐aziridinyl (a novel compound), methoxy, chloro and methylsulfanyl, is reported. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Health‐related quality of life of preterm children and their caregivers
Authors: Donohue Pamela K. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractAs advances in medical science have extended the limit of viability downward to 23 or 24 weeks gestation, interest has turned from long‐term health outcomes to quality of life for survivors. During the last decade, the first studies of the health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) of children and young adults who were born extremely preterm were published. Taken from the fields of anthropology, economics, sociology, and psychology, the foundation of HRQOL is formed by theories of functionalism, positive well‐being, and utility. HRQOL can be defined as the physical, psychological, and social domains of health, which can be influenced by an individual's experiences and perception. HRQOL instruments are generally composed of multiple domains and measure physical functioning, mental health, and social role functioning in some form. Utilities, or preferences for health outcomes under conditions of uncertainty, are also used. Studies of HRQOL to‐date indicate that preterm children have, on average, poorer health than their normal birthweight peers, but the majority do not perceive their quality of life as significantly different than others of their own age. Measures of HRQOL should not replace the traditional measures of morbidity, but should become part of the standard battery of tools used to assess a preterm child's health and well‐being. Ultimately, studies of the HRQOL of preterm children should identify aspects of life, physical, psychological, or social, that could be improved with intervention. MRDD Research Reviews 2002;8:293–297. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Measuring functional outcomes after prematurity: Developmental impact of very low birth weight and extremely low birth weight status on childhood disability
Authors: Msall Michael E. , Tremont Michelle R. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractOur purpose was to describe functional outcomes in essential activities in preschool, school‐age, and adolescent children who were born very (<32 weeks gestation) and extremely (<28 weeks gestation) prematurely. Very low birth weight (VLBW; 1000–1499 g), or extremely low birth weight (ELBW;<1000 g) populations are the focus of our analysis. We describe models of disablement and enablement for specifying the complexity of childhood outcomes using a framework of pathophysiology, impairment, functional limitation and functional strengths, disability in social roles and social participation, societal limitations and environmental facilitators. Representative early childhood, preschool, school‐age, and adolescent studies were examined in terms of describing children's functional strengths and challenges after VLBW and ELBW survival. In early childhood, disability was assessed by diagnosing neurosensory impairments and delays on developmental testing. Instruments for measuring functional status in essential activities of self‐care, mobility, communication and learning are described. Rates of neurosensory disability in the first three years among recent ELBW survivors ranged from 9–26% for cerebral palsy, 1–15% for blindness, 0–9% for deafness, and 6–42% for evolving cognitive disability (MDI <70). Rates of preschool functional limitation were 5–27% motor, 5–30% self‐care, and 5–22% communicative. Rates of school‐age functional educational disabilities exceeded 50%. Rates of adolescent activity limitation were 13–32% and vocational limitations were 27–71%. By examining the functional strengths and challenges of children with major neurodevelopmental impairments after very or extremely preterm birth, we can examine causal pathways that lessen the risk of severe functional disability. Among children with mild to moderate disability, we can enhance functional outcomes, optimize community participation, and provide quality family supports. In order to assess the changing outcomes of this vulnerable population of survivors, combinations of clinical and survey based methodologies are required. MRDD Research Reviews 2002;8:258–272. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prematurity at birth: Trends, racial disparities, and epidemiology
Authors: Alexander Greg R. , Slay Martha 
Published: December 2002

AbstractWhile infant mortality rates have continued to decline in the U.S., low birth weight and preterm rates have dramatically increased. Although the combination of factors that underlies these trends has not been fully described, there is growing concern that an appreciable part of the rise in prematurity rates stems from efforts taken to improve the survival of these high‐risk infants. While advancements in medical technology and practice, augmented by improvements in prenatal care use, may have adversely effected prematurity rates and played a role in broadening racial disparities in pregnancy outcomes, they have positively impacted infant survival. Although many risk factors for prematurity have been identified, there are presently few areas for effective prevention. Accordingly, there is little encouragement for a downturn in prematurity rates in the near future. The prospect of continuing growth in the annual number of surviving preterm infants in the U.S. highlights the need for early detection and treatment of developmental problems for these high‐risk survivors, and emphasizes the importance of assuring that needed support services are available to these children and their families. MRDD Research Reviews 2002;8:215–220. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.