bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weaving Tectonics: Algorithmically Optimised Robotic FRP Weaving of Large Scale Planar Forms
Authors: Boyter-Grant Kelton , Xin Zhouyang , Bao Ding Wen , Yan Xin , Luo Dan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSteel reinforced concrete is a widely used material for constructing large spanning planar building elements due to its strength, durability, and low cost, but its environmental impact, long fabrication time, and relatively low structural performance demonstrate the need for innovation. To address these issues, this study proposes a novel design methodology and fabrication method that integrates robotic Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) woven reinforcement that is optimized using a Multi-Weight Bi-directional Evolutionary Structural Optimization (MW-BESO) algorithm. The optimized FRP reinforcement is then cast in epoxy resin to produce the large scale planar building element. The methodology is evaluated through a Tabletop prototype and other small-scale rapid prototypes, which demonstrate the successes, challenges, and limitations of this approach. The study outlines the material and methodological testing conducted to assess the effectiveness of using the MW-BESO algorithm with robotic FRP weaving and describes the workflow of transforming the resulting 3D MW-BESO geometry into a 2D robotic winding path for fabrication. The research shows that this methodology has the potential to reduce the environmental impact, stimulate innovative design solutions, and streamline the fabrication of large scale building elements, providing a promising avenue for the development of sustainable and efficient construction techniques.
A ν window onto leptoquarks?
Authors: Kirk Matthew , Okawa Shohei , Wu Keyun 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Upcoming neutrino telescopes promise a new window onto the interactions of neutrinos with matter at ultrahigh energies (Eν = 107–1010 GeV), and the possibility to detect deviations from the Standard Model predictions. In this paper, we update previous predictions for the enhancement of the neutrino-nucleon cross-section for motivated leptoquark models and show the latest neutrino physics bound, as well as analyse the latest LHC pair production and Drell-Yan data, and flavour constraints (some of which were previously missed). We find that, despite the next generation of neutrino experiments probing the highest energies, they will not be enough to be competitive with collider searches.
On higher-spin points and infinite distances in conformal manifolds
Authors: Baume Florent , Calderón-Infante José 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Distances in the conformal manifold, the space of CFTs related by marginal deformations, can be measured in terms of the Zamolodchikov metric. Part of the CFT Distance Conjecture posits that points in this manifold where part of the spectrum becomes free, called higher-spin points, can only be at infinite distance from the interior. There, an infinite tower of operators become conserved currents, and the conformal symmetry is enhanced to a higher-spin algebra. This proposal was initially motivated by the Swampland Distance Conjecture, one of pillars of the Swampland Program. In this work, we show that the conjecture can be tackled using only methods from the conformal toolkit, and without relying on the existence of a weakly-coupled gravity dual. Via conformal perturbation theory combined with properties of correlators and of the higher-spin algebra, we establish that higher-spin points are indeed at infinite distance in the conformal manifold. We make no assumptions besides the usual properties of local CFTs, such as unitarity and the existence of an energy-momentum tensor. In particular, we do not rely on a specific dimension of spacetime (although we assume d > 2), nor do we require the presence of supersymmetry.
Isospin symmetry and analyticity in $$ D\to \overline{K}\pi \pi $$ decays
Authors: Kou Emi , Moskalets Tetiana , Moussallam Bachir 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We perform a detailed study of the consequences of isospin symmetry in the Cabibbo favoured $$ D\to \overline{K}\pi \pi $$
D
→

K
¯

ππ
decays. These processes are important for precision testing of the Standard Model and for hadronic physics. Combining isospin symmetry with a dispersive reconstruction theorem we derive a representation in terms of one-variable functions which allows one to predict all the $$ D\to \overline{K}\pi \pi $$
D
→

K
¯

ππ
amplitudes given inputs from one D+ mode and one D0 mode. From this, using dispersion relations and unitarity, we derive a set of 6+6 Khuri-Treiman type integral equations which enable to take three-body rescattering effects into account. A first test of this approach is presented using experimental results on the D+→ KSπ0π+ and the D0→ KSπ−π+ modes.
Modeling AI Trust for 2050: perspectives from media and info-communication experts
Authors: Feher Katalin , Vicsek Lilla , Deuze Mark 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe study explores the future of AI-driven media and info-communication as envisioned by experts from all world regions, defining relevant terminology and expectations for 2050. Participants engaged in a 4-week series of surveys, questioning their definitions and projections about AI for the field of media and communication. Their expectations predict universal access to democratically available, automated, personalized and unbiased information determined by trusted narratives, recolonization of information technology and the demystification of the media process. These experts, as technology ambassadors, advocate AI-to-AI solutions to mitigate technology-driven misuse and misinformation. The optimistic scenarios shift responsibility to future generations, relying on AI-driven solutions and finding inspiration in nature. Their present-based forecasts could be construed as being indicative of professional near-sightedness and cognitive dissonance. Visualizing our findings into a Glasses Model of AI Trust, the study contributes to key debates regarding AI policy, developmental trajectories, and academic research in media and info-communication fields.
Managing cutoff-based shipment promises for order fulfilment processes in warehousing
Authors: Mohring Uta , Jacobi Christoph , Furmans Kai , Stolletz Raik 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWarehouses recently face increasing stress imposed by a volatile customer demand and increasing customer expectations in terms of ever shorter order response times. In that respect, warehouses more and more offer same-day and next-day shipment conditions. However, same-day shipment promises are challenging to fulfil, especially as the order fulfilment process operates against fixed deadlines imposed by the predefined truck departure times. As a natural mitigation strategy, warehouses set a cutoff point and offer same-day shipment only to customers that order until the cutoff point, but next-day shipment to all customers ordering thereafter. Setting an appropriate cutoff point is challenging as it affects multiple facets of the service quality, such as the order response time and the service level. In this paper, we study the design of cutoff-based shipment promises for stochastic deadline-oriented order fulfilment processes in warehouses. We present a discrete-time Markov chain model for exact steady-state performance analysis and propose two novel performance measures – $$\alpha-$$

α
-

and $$\beta-$$

β
-

cutoff service level – for service level measurement in these systems. We numerically show the benefit of cutoff-based shipment promises. Even with a late cutoff point, there is a significant gain in the system performance. Furthermore, we find that warehouses should set the cutoff point such that it balances customer expectations in terms of service level and order response time. Finally, warehouses can improve their shipment promises when referring to $$\beta-$$

β
-

instead of $$\alpha-$$

α
-

cutoff service level and by implementing measures reducing the utilisation and the variabilities of the order fulfilment process.
Hybrid pathways of denitrification drive N2O but not N2 emissions from an acid-sulphate sugarcane soil
Authors: Kirkby Robert , Friedl Johannes , De Rosa Daniele , Clough Timothy J. , Rowlings David W. , Grace Peter R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAcid-sulphate sugarcane soils in the subtropics are known hot-spots for nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, yet the reduction of reactive N2O to non-reactive dinitrogen (N2) via specific pathways remains a major uncertainty for nitrogen (N) cycling and loss from these soils. This study investigated the magnitude and the N2O:N2 partitioning of N2O and N2 losses from a subtropical acid-sulphate soil under sugarcane production using the 15N gas flux method, establishing the contribution of hybrid (co- and chemo-denitrification) and heterotrophic denitrification to N2O and N2 losses. Soils were fertilised with potassium nitrate, equivalent to 25 and 50 kg N ha−1, watered close to saturation then incubated over 30 days. An innovative, fully automated incubation system coupled to an isotope-ratio mass-spectrometer enabled real time analysis of 15N2O and 15N2 at sub-diel resolution. Peak losses of N2O and N2 reached 6.5 kg N ha−1 day−1, totalling > 50 kg of N2O+N2-N ha−1. Emissions were dominated by N2, accounting for more than 57% of N2O+N2 losses, demonstrating that the reduction of N2O to N2 proceeded even under highly acidic conditions. Over 40% of N2O, but only 2% of N2 emissions, were produced via hybrid pathways. These findings demonstrate hybrid pathways are generally limited to N2O production, likely driven by high organic matter content and low soil pH, promoting both biotic, and abiotic nitrosation. Regardless of the underlying process, the magnitude of the N2O emissions demonstrates the environmental, but also the potential agronomic significance, of hybrid pathways of N2O formation for N loss from fertilised acid-sulphate soils.
Acute antiarrhythmic effects of SGLT2 inhibitors–dapagliflozin lowers the excitability of atrial cardiomyocytes
Authors: Paasche Amelie , Wiedmann Felix , Kraft Manuel , Seibertz Fitzwilliam , Herlt Valerie , Blochberger Pablo L. , Jávorszky Natasa , Beck Moritz , Weirauch Leo , Seeger Timon , Blank Antje , Haefeli Walter E. , Arif Rawa , Meyer Anna L. , Warnecke Gregor , Karck Matthias , Voigt Niels , Frey Norbert , Schmidt Constanze 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn recent years, SGLT2 inhibitors have become an integral part of heart failure therapy, and several mechanisms contributing to cardiorenal protection have been identified. In this study, we place special emphasis on the atria and investigate acute electrophysiological effects of dapagliflozin to assess the antiarrhythmic potential of SGLT2 inhibitors. Direct electrophysiological effects of dapagliflozin were investigated in patch clamp experiments on isolated atrial cardiomyocytes. Acute treatment with elevated-dose dapagliflozin caused a significant reduction of the action potential inducibility, the amplitude and maximum upstroke velocity. The inhibitory effects were reproduced in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, and were more pronounced in atrial compared to ventricular cells. Hypothesizing that dapagliflozin directly affects the depolarization phase of atrial action potentials, we examined fast inward sodium currents in human atrial cardiomyocytes and found a significant decrease of peak sodium current densities by dapagliflozin, accompanied by a moderate inhibition of the transient outward potassium current. Translating these findings into a porcine large animal model, acute elevated-dose dapagliflozin treatment caused an atrial-dominant reduction of myocardial conduction velocity in vivo. This could be utilized for both, acute cardioversion of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation episodes and rhythm control of persistent atrial fibrillation. In this study, we show that dapagliflozin alters the excitability of atrial cardiomyocytes by direct inhibition of peak sodium currents. In vivo, dapagliflozin exerts antiarrhythmic effects, revealing a potential new additional role of SGLT2 inhibitors in the treatment of atrial arrhythmias.
Macrophage-based therapeutic approaches for cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Sansonetti Marida , Al Soodi Bashar , Thum Thomas , Jung Mira 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDespite the advances in treatment options, cardiovascular disease (CVDs) remains the leading cause of death over the world. Chronic inflammatory response and irreversible fibrosis are the main underlying pathophysiological causes of progression of CVDs. In recent decades, cardiac macrophages have been recognized as main regulatory players in the development of these complex pathophysiological conditions. Numerous approaches aimed at macrophages have been devised, leading to novel prospects for therapeutic interventions. Our review covers the advancements in macrophage-centric treatment plans for various pathologic conditions and examines the potential consequences and obstacles of employing macrophage-targeted techniques in cardiac diseases.
Disruption of MAM integrity in mutant FUS oligodendroglial progenitors from hiPSCs
Authors: Zhu Yingli , Burg Thibaut , Neyrinck Katrien , Vervliet Tim , Nami Fatemeharefeh , Vervoort Ellen , Ahuja Karan , Sassano Maria Livia , Chai Yoke Chin , Tharkeshwar Arun Kumar , De Smedt Jonathan , Hu Haibo , Bultynck Geert , Agostinis Patrizia , Swinnen Johannes V. , Van Den Bosch Ludo , da Costa Rodrigo Furtado Madeiro , Verfaillie Catherine 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by selective loss of motor neurons (MNs). A number of causative genetic mutations underlie the disease, including mutations in the fused in sarcoma (FUS) gene, which can lead to both juvenile and late-onset ALS. Although ALS results from MN death, there is evidence that dysfunctional glial cells, including oligodendroglia, contribute to neurodegeneration. Here, we used human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) with a R521H or a P525L mutation in FUS and their isogenic controls to generate oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) by inducing SOX10 expression from a TET-On SOX10 cassette. Mutant and control iPSCs differentiated efficiently into OPCs. RNA sequencing identified a myelin sheath-related phenotype in mutant OPCs. Lipidomic studies demonstrated defects in myelin-related lipids, with a reduction of glycerophospholipids in mutant OPCs. Interestingly, FUSR521H OPCs displayed a decrease in the phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine ratio, known to be associated with maintaining membrane integrity. A proximity ligation assay further indicated that mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAM) were diminished in both mutant FUS OPCs. Moreover, both mutant FUS OPCs displayed increased susceptibility to ER stress when exposed to thapsigargin, and exhibited impaired mitochondrial respiration and reduced Ca2+ signaling from ER Ca2+ stores. Taken together, these results demonstrate a pathological role of mutant FUS in OPCs, causing defects in lipid metabolism associated with MAM disruption manifested by impaired mitochondrial metabolism with increased susceptibility to ER stress and with suppressed physiological Ca2+ signaling. As such, further exploration of the role of oligodendrocyte dysfunction in the demise of MNs is crucial and will provide new insights into the complex cellular mechanisms underlying ALS.
Two different methods to digitally visualize continuous electrocochleography potentials during cochlear implantation: a first description of feasibility
Authors: Eichler Theda , Lakomek Antonia , Waschkies Laura , Meyer Moritz , Sadok Nadia , Lang Stephan , Arweiler-Harbeck Diana 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The study explores the potential of real-time electrocochleographic potentials (ECochG) visualization during electrode insertion using digital microscopes such as RoboticScope (BHS®). Collaborative software development of the MAESTRO Software (MED-EL®) offers continuous ECochG monitoring during implantation and postoperative hearing evaluation, addressing previous time constraints. The study aims to assess software applicability and the impact of real-time visualization on long-term residual hearing preservation.

Methods
Eight patients with residual hearing underwent cochlear implantation with Flex26 or Flex28 electrode according to the Otoplan evaluation. ECochG responses were measured and visualized during electrode insertion, with insertion times recorded. Two randomized display methods (graph and arrows) tracked ECochG potentials. Postoperative behavioral thresholds determined hearing preservation. Successful real-time intraoperative ECochG visualization was achieved in all cases, enabling surgeon adaptation. Mean electrode insertion time was 114 s, with postoperative thresholds comparable to preoperative values. Visualization did not affect surgeon workload. ECochG amplitudes differed between patients with and without residual hearing.

Conclusion
The study demonstrates effective implementation of advanced ECochG software combined with real-time visualization, enabling residual hearing preservation during CI. Visualization had no apparent effect on surgeon performance or workload. Future investigation involving a larger population will assess the long-term impact of ECochG on hearing threshold and structure preservation.
Lifetime excess absolute risk for lung cancer due to exposure to radon: results of the pooled uranium miners cohort study PUMA
Authors: Kreuzer M. , Sommer M. , Deffner V. , Bertke S. , Demers P. A. , Kelly-Reif K. , Laurier D. , Rage E. , Richardson D. B. , Samet J. M. , Schubauer-Berigan M. K. , Tomasek L. , Wiggins C. , Zablotska L. B. , Fenske N. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe Pooled Uranium Miners Analysis (PUMA) study is the largest uranium miners cohort with 119,709 miners, 4.3 million person-years at risk and 7754 lung cancer deaths. Excess relative rate (ERR) estimates for lung cancer mortality per unit of cumulative exposure to radon progeny in working level months (WLM) based on the PUMA study have been reported. The ERR/WLM was modified by attained age, time since exposure or age at exposure, and exposure rate. This pattern was found for the full PUMA cohort and the 1960 + sub-cohort, i.e., miners hired in 1960 or later with chronic low radon exposures and exposure rates. The aim of the present paper is to calculate the lifetime excess absolute risk (LEAR) of lung cancer mortality per WLM using the PUMA risk models, as well as risk models derived in previously published smaller uranium miner studies, some of which are included in PUMA. The same methods were applied for all risk models, i.e., relative risk projection up to <95 years of age, an exposure scenario of 2 WLM per year from age 18–64 years, and baseline mortality rates representing a mixed Euro-American-Asian population. Depending upon the choice of model, the estimated LEAR per WLM are 5.38 × 10−4 or 5.57 × 10−4 in the full PUMA cohort and 7.50 × 10−4 or 7.66 × 10−4 in the PUMA 1960 + sub-cohort, respectively. The LEAR per WLM estimates derived from risk models reported for previously published uranium miners studies range from 2.5 × 10−4 to 9.2 × 10−4. PUMA strengthens knowledge on the radon-related lung cancer LEAR, a useful way to translate models for policy purposes.
Clinical recommendations for the inpatient management of lower respiratory tract infections in children and adolescents with severe neurological impairment in Germany
Authors: Mauritz Maximilian David , von Both Ulrich , Dohna-Schwake Christian , Gille Christian , Hasan Carola , Huebner Johannes , Hufnagel Markus , Knuf Markus , Liese Johannes G. , Renk Hanna , Rudolph Henriette , Schulze-Sturm Ulf , Simon Arne , Stehling Florian , Tenenbaum Tobias , Zernikow Boris 
Published: January 2024

AbstractChildren and adolescents with severe neurological impairment (SNI) require specialized care due to their complex medical needs. In particular, these patients are often affected by severe and recurrent lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). These infections, including viral and bacterial etiology, pose a significant risk to these patients, often resulting in respiratory insufficiency and long-term impairments. Using expert consensus, we developed clinical recommendations on the management of LRTIs in children and adolescents with SNI. These recommendations emphasize comprehensive multidisciplinary care and antibiotic stewardship. Initial treatment should involve symptomatic care, including hydration, antipyretics, oxygen therapy, and respiratory support. In bacterial LRTIs, antibiotic therapy is initiated based on the severity of the infection, with aminopenicillin plus a beta-lactamase inhibitor recommended for community-acquired LRTIs and piperacillin-tazobactam for patients with chronic lung disease or tracheostomy. Ongoing management includes regular evaluations, adjustments to antibiotic therapy based on pathogen identification, and optimization of supportive care. Implementation of these recommendations aims to improve the diagnosis and treatment of LRTIs in children and adolescents with SNI.

What is Known:• Children and adolescents with severe neurological impairment are particularly affected by severe and recurrent lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs).• The indication and choice of antibiotic therapy for bacterial LRTI is often difficult because there are no evidence-based treatment recommendations for this heterogeneous but vulnerable patient population; the frequent overuse of broad-spectrum or reserve antibiotics in this patient population increases selection pressure for multidrug-resistant pathogens.

What is New:• The proposed recommendations provide a crucial framework for focused diagnostics and treatment of LRTIs in children and adolescents with severe neurological impairment.• Along with recommendations for comprehensive and multidisciplinary therapy and antibiotic stewardship, ethical and palliative care aspects are taken into account.
Prediction of gastrointestinal symptoms trajectories using omega-3 and inflammatory biomarkers in early-stage breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy
Authors: Arcos Daniela , Ng Ding Quan , Ke Yu , Toh Yi Long , Chan Alexandre 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are common among breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, negatively impacting treatment outcomes and quality of life. Evidence points to inflammatory processes as the underlying cause of chemotherapy-associated GI symptoms. Relatedly, omega-3 (n-3) has been linked to anti-inflammatory processes. The primary objective of this study was to examine the associations between baseline n-3, baseline inflammatory markers and GI symptom progression in early-stage breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.

Methods
In this secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study, we analyzed baseline levels of inflammatory biomarkers (measured using a Luminex bead-immunoassay) and plasma levels of DHA, EPA, and FFA (measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). GI symptoms were assessed using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire in Cancer Patients (EORTC QLQ-C30) symptom scale scores at baseline (T1) and at least 6 weeks after, during chemotherapy (T2). Inferential statistics were used to analyze associations between the variables of interest.

Results
The analysis included 31 female breast cancer patients (mean age ± SD = 50.5 ± 8.8; 89.6% receiving anthracycline-based chemotherapy). Higher levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) predicted increases in appetite loss. Similarly, higher IL-8 predicted worsened nausea and vomiting.

Conclusion
Baseline IL-8 and DHA predicted GI symptom progression in early-stage breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Future studies are required to evaluate how therapeutic intervention targeting these biomarkers may mitigate gastrointestinal symptoms in cancer patients.