bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The experiences of a regional Aboriginal community accessing primary health care during times of crisis
Authors: Woodland Rebecca , Morgan Paula , MacLean Sarah , Downey Heather 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe importance of primary health care (PHC) to Aboriginal Australians is widely acknowledged, as is the underservicing of the Aboriginal Australian population. Aboriginal People continue to face significant obstacles when accessing and using health care services.ObjectiveThis study identifies environmental factors (beyond personal and service delivery) that functioned as barriers and enablers to Aboriginal Australians' experiences accessing PHC during crises and recommends approaches during future events.DesignThis research utilised a case study approach. Data were collected through in‐depth interviews and analysed using thematic analysis. The study was set in Lakes Entrance, a regional Victorian locality with a sizable Aboriginal community, which was affected by bushfires during 2019/2020 and COVID‐19 restrictions during 2020‐2021. Participants were 18 Aboriginal People over the age of 18 living in the locality during either bushfires or COVID‐19.FindingsThe barriers identified included the impact on PHC access of priorities other than health, including housing; financial constraints; difficulties with transport; medical bureaucracy and the physical environment of the health care setting, including appointment‐making processes; interactions with medical reception staff; and waiting room environments. Enablers identified included the supportive role of the local Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisations (ACCHO) and their staff, which was highlighted in participant responses.DiscussionThe preference of many Aboriginal people to access PHC via their local ACCHO, rather than mainstream health care services, appears even more salient during crises than in normal times. This research identified that ACCHOs are ideally placed to promote and protect the health of Aboriginal communities during crises.ConclusionResults may help direct interventions to improve PHC access and experiences for regional Aboriginal communities both during and outside periods of crisis.
Addendum to: The relationship between sperm nuclear DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial DNA fragmentation and copy number in normal and abnormal human ejaculates
Authors: Tímermans Ana , Otero Fátima , Garrido Manuel , Gosálvez Jaime , Johnston Stephen , Fernández José Luis 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundWhile the kinetics of human sperm nuclear DNA fragmentation (SDF‐nDNA) following ejaculation have been described, the dynamics and relationships of mitochondrial DNA copy number per spermatozoon (mtDNAcn) and fragmentation (SDF‐mtDNA) remain unexplored.ObjectivesTo compare post‐ejaculatory kinetics of mtDNAcn, SDF‐mtDNA and SDF‐nDNA, global, single‐strand DNA breaks (SDF‐SSBs) and double‐strand DNA breaks (SDF‐DSBs) in normozoospermic and non‐normozoospermic samples.Materials and methods28 normozoospermic and 43 non‐normozoospermic ejaculates were evaluated at 0, 6, 24 and 48 h of incubation in vitro. SDF‐nDNA was determined by sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) assays. mtDNAcn and SDF‐mtDNA were analysed by dPCR.ResultsSDF‐nDNA‐global values increased as a consequence of quadratic SDF‐SSBs and linear SDF‐DSBs kinetics. Non‐normozoospermic samples showed a slower SDF‐global rate between 6–24 h, due to lesser SSBs production. Regarding SDF‐DSBs, non‐normozoospermic samples exhibited a faster initial increase rate, followed by a slower final increment. The mtDNAcn median value decreased linearly, being 3.2× higher in non‐normozoospermics at all time points; mtDNAcn in both cohorts reduced to half of the baseline by 48 h. mtDNAcn was identified as a risk factor for discriminating non‐normozoospermia, a finding that was further strengthen when combined with SDF‐Global or SDF‐DSBs values. SDF‐mtDNA frequencies were identical, increasing over time correspondingly in both cohorts. The mtDNA fragmentation rate was initially fast, decreasing progressively with time for both cohorts; half of the initially unfragmented copies were fragmented after 48 h. Rates of mtDNAcn loss and SDF‐mtDNA increase were only marginally correlated with the rates of nuclear fragmentation.ConclusionmtDNA fragmentation and loss occur post ejaculation. Their dynamics are likely to be associated with different and/or uncoupled mechanisms to that which cause nuclear DNA fragmentation. Our results indicate that while mtDNA fragmentation is not influenced by the sperm quality, the number of copies of sperm mtDNAcn can potentially serve as a risk factor for predicting non‐normozoospermia.
Sleep duration and biomarkers of fecundity in young men: a cross‐sectional study from a population‐based cohort
Authors: Gaml‐Sørensen Anne , Frølich Maria Kongerslev , Brix Nis , Ernst Andreas , Bonde Jens Peter Ellekilde , Hougaard Karin Sørig , Tøttenborg Sandra Søgaard , Clemmensen Pernille Jul , Toft Gunnar , Ramlau‐Hansen Cecilia Høst 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundPoor male fecundity is of concern and warrants the identification of potential modifiable risk factors. Short and long sleep duration might be risk factors for poor male fecundity although evidence in this research field is inconsistent.ObjectivesTo investigate the association between sleep duration and biomarkers of male fecundity in young men.Materials and methodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study of 1,055 young men from the Fetal Programming of Semen Quality (FEPOS) cohort, Denmark, 2017–2019. Sleep duration was obtained from an online survey answered by the participants prior to the clinical visit, where semen and blood samples were obtained, and testis volume was self‐assessed using an Orchidometer. Percentage differences in semen characteristics, testes volume, and reproductive hormone levels were analysed according to sleep duration using multivariable negative binomial regression models. Sleep duration was dichotomised (recommended (6–9 h/night) versus deviant sleep) and visualised continuously as restricted cubic spline plots.ResultsDeviation from recommended sleep duration was associated with higher high DNA stainability (HDS) of 5% (95% CI: −1%; 13%), higher testosterone of 3% (95% CI: 0%; 7%) and higher free androgen index (FAI) of 6% (95% CI: 0%; 13%). The spline plots overall supported these results, suggesting u‐shaped associations between sleep duration and HDS, testosterone and FAI, a linear association between sleep duration and semen volume and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and an inverse u‐shaped association with normal morphology.DiscussionInformation on sleep duration was obtained by self‐report in broad categories with at least 3 h intervals. We were not able to investigate short or long sleep duration separately, since only few participants reported this.ConclusionSleep duration was associated with some biomarkers of fecundity in young men. Maintaining a recommended sleep duration may thus be beneficial for young men with regard to reproductive health.
Trash Transformations: Litter, Volunteer Labour, and Care in Philadelphia
Authors: Hankins Kristin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article examines anti‐litter labour in Philadelphia as a site of political possibility. Drawing on four years of ethnographic fieldwork conducted with a grassroots anti‐litter group, I argue that embodied spatial practices at the organisation's clean‐ups produce lived and imagined images of a more just urban landscape. These imperfect and impermanent images illuminate the possibilities and challenges of transforming landscapes of uneven disinvestment through acts of radical care.
Strabismus is more than a misalignment; a cross‐sectional pilot study of HRQOL in Finnish strabismic adults referred to a university hospital
Authors: Mason Anna , Lindberg Laura , Joronen Katja , Koivisto Anna‐Maija , Rantanen Anja 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate associations between the health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) and demographic, self‐reported strabismus‐related and orthoptic status variables in Finnish strabismic adults.MethodsParticipants (n = 137) of this study were adult patients who previously participated in the pilot study to translate and validate Adult Strabismus Questionnaire (AS‐20) into Finnish. For this study, the participants' orthoptic status were collected among the previously obtained self‐reported demographic and strabismus‐related data. The refined AS‐20 structure of 18 items and four subscales of self‐perception, interaction, reading function and general function was used. Low scores on AS‐20 indicate low HRQOL. The associations were evaluated with cross‐tabulation and nonparametric methods of Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.ResultsInteraction subscale scores were the highest of all subscale scores among the participants. Age had an association with HRQOL in self‐perception and the youngest participants had the lowest scores. Importantly, participants who did not experience diplopia suffered from lower self‐perception and interaction but reported higher scores on reading function and general function subscales compared to the participants who experienced diplopia. Exotropia with or without vertical strabismus were most common types among the participants. The education background was not associated with HRQOL.ConclusionImpacts of strabismus are similar in Finnish strabismic adults compared to international studies. Healthcare professionals and decision‐makers should always consider the psychosocial impact of strabismus on patients without diplopia when making decisions on strabismus treatment and care processes.
Leaky lessons learned: Efflux prone dopamine transporter variant reveals sex and circuit specific contributions of D2 receptor signalling to neuropsychiatric disease
Authors: Mayer Felix P. , Stewart Adele , Blakely Randy D. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAberrant dopamine (DA) signalling has been implicated in various neuropsychiatric disorders, including attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), schizophrenia, bipolar disorder (BPD) and addiction. The availability of extracellular DA is sculpted by the exocytotic release of vesicular DA and subsequent transporter‐mediated clearance, rendering the presynaptic DA transporter (DAT) a crucial regulator of DA neurotransmission. D2‐type DA autoreceptors (D2ARs) regulate multiple aspects of DA homeostasis, including (i) DA synthesis, (ii) vesicular release, (iii) DA neuron firing and (iv) the surface expression of DAT and DAT‐mediated DA clearance. The DAT Val559 variant, identified in boys with ADHD or ASD, as well as in a girl with BPD, supports anomalous DA efflux (ADE), which we have shown drives tonic activation of D2ARs. Through ex vivo and in vivo studies of the DAT Val559 variant using transgenic knock‐in mice, we have uncovered a circuit and sex‐specific capacity of D2ARs to regulate DAT, which consequently disrupts DA signalling and behaviour differently in males and females. Our studies reveal the ability of the construct‐valid DAT Val559 model to elucidate endogenous mechanisms that support DA signalling, findings that may be of translational and/or therapeutic importance.
Increasing insight in the value of repetitive COVID‐19 vaccination in patients with haematological malignancies in the Omicron era
Authors: Bacher Ulrike , Shumilov Evgenii , Pabst Thomas 
Published: November 2023

The study by Kevlicius et al. from Lithuania gives further confirmation of the efficacy of booster mRNA COVID‐19 vaccination for patients with haemato‐oncological malignancies in the Omicron era. The risk of COVID‐19 and mortality was considerably reduced when patients received the booster vaccination. The threshold of the humoral response to vaccination that was protective for haemato‐oncological patients was defined. In particular, ruxolitinib and anti‐CD20 treatments limited the humoral response to the third booster vaccination. These data may influence the clinical management of haemato‐oncological patients in future waves of the COVID‐19 pandemic, regarding for example the selection of patients for passive immunization against SARS‐CoV‐2.Commentary on: Kevličius et al. Immunogenicity and clinical effectiveness of mRNA vaccine booster against SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron in patients with haematological malignancies: A national prospective cohort study. Br J Haematol 2024;204:497‐506.
Revisiting the influence of community social capital indices on child maltreatment rates: The moderating effects of place
Authors: Kim Intae , Kim Ran 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe study of the antecedents of child maltreatment has advanced through ecological research, but there has been a limited focus on the role of community social capital. This study investigates the effects of community social capital on child maltreatment and how these associations differ by regional type, using data on child maltreatment rates in 226 localities in South Korea from 2014 to 2019. Surprisingly, our results show that social trust, networks, and engagement in community affairs are positively associated with child maltreatment rates. Additionally, the mechanisms of social capital effects on child maltreatment vary by place, being more pronounced in small‐ and medium‐sized cities and rural areas. Our findings suggest that a more nuanced understanding of social capital mechanisms across dimensions and locations is required to effectively address child maltreatment. This study contributes to both theory and practice by highlighting the importance of community social capital in preventing child maltreatment and demonstrating the contextual nature of these associations.
Immunocytochemical markers, molecular testing and digital cytopathology for aspiration cytology of metastatic breast carcinoma
Authors: Li Joshua J. X. , Tse Gary M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a versatile diagnostic procedure uniquely suited for tissue biopsy of breast carcinomas and axillary metastases and/or recurrences. With the expanding treatment options and accompanying theragnostic tests, it is crucial to recognize the developments on ancillary testing and digital cytopathology techniques related to aspiration cytology of metastatic breast carcinoma. In this review, we aim to summarize and update the evidence of immunocytochemistry, for the detection of carcinoma cells (epithelial markers), confirmation of breast primary (breast‐specific markers), assessment of surrogate immunostains (hormone receptors, ki‐67 proliferative index and HER2) and theragnostic biomarkers, with discussion on potential diagnostic pitfalls, followed by the application of molecular tests, and digital cytopathologic techniques for assessing metastatic breast carcinoma in cytology.
Validity and reliability of self‐reported and neural measures of listening effort
Authors: Mohammadi Yousef , Østergaard Jan , Graversen Carina , Andersen Ole Kæseler , Biurrun Manresa José 
Published: November 2023

AbstractListening effort can be defined as a measure of cognitive resources used by listeners to perform a listening task. Various methods have been proposed to measure this effort, yet their reliability remains unestablished, a crucial step before their application in research or clinical settings. This study encompassed 32 participants undertaking speech‐in‐noise tasks across two sessions, approximately a week apart. They listened to sentences and word lists at varying signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNRs) (−9, −6, −3 and 0 dB), then retaining them for roughly 3 s. We evaluated the test–retest reliability of self‐reported effort ratings, theta (4–7 Hz) and alpha (8–13 Hz) oscillatory power, suggested previously as neural markers of listening effort. Additionally, we examined the reliability of correct word percentages. Both relative and absolute reliability were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and Bland–Altman analysis. We also computed the standard error of measurement (SEM) and smallest detectable change (SDC). Our findings indicated heightened frontal midline theta power for word lists compared to sentences during the retention phase under high SNRs (0 dB, −3 dB), likely indicating a greater memory load for word lists. We observed SNR's impact on alpha power in the right central region during the listening phase and frontal theta power during the retention phase in sentences. Overall, the reliability analysis demonstrated satisfactory between‐session variability for correct words and effort ratings. However, neural measures (frontal midline theta power and right central alpha power) displayed substantial variability, even though group‐level outcomes appeared consistent across sessions.
Stable mean trophic level and decreasing fish size in Central Amazonian fishery landings
Authors: Matos Octavio Ferreira de , Pereira Diego Valente , Lopes Giulia Cristina dos Santos , Mereles Marcos de Almeida , Batista Vandick da Silva , Freitas Carlos Edwar de Carvalho , Siqueira‐Souza Flávia Kelly 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEvaluating trends in fisheries, especially data‐limited small‐scale fisheries, is challenging. We used fish landings to evaluate changes in composition of fish landings in rivers of the Central Amazon, from a discontinuous historical 28‐year series of landings from different data collection systems in main ports of the city of Manaus, the largest consumer market in the region. Annual mean trophic level (MTL), fishing‐in‐balance index (FiB), and mean landed size (MSL) were estimated. MTL did not decline, FiB was positive in most years, and MSL declined. Relative catches of certain fish species were replaced by others at a similar trophic level, but mean body size declined over time. We conclude that fishing in the Central Amazon is not sustainable and would benefit from better management strategies.
‘Theory is beautiful’: Resistance and counter‐resistance to gender equality in teacher training
Authors: Ocio Ainhoa Resa 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe European Union has made a firm commitment to quality education for active citizenship taking up the demands of international movements and organisations, making gender equality a fundamental part of it. As previous research has shown a precarious implementation of these demands in Spain, in this study, we conduct 24 semi‐structured interviews with key informant university professors who provide clues about the existing resistance and counter‐resistance in the implementation of gender equality in initial teacher training. The results show how agents and their discourses impact on training, both positively and negatively, as well as the institutions in relation to their own organisational culture, resources and material elements, and influences. The information they supply provides insight into the limitations and possibilities for changing the culture and practice of higher education organisations at the international level in order to enhance gender mainstreaming in universiti.
Honokiol ameliorates angiotensin II‐induced cardiac hypertrophy by promoting dissociation of the Nur77–LKB1 complex and activating the AMPK pathway
Authors: Lin Xiaoyan , Zhang Hailin , Chu Yong , Zhang Yuze , Xu Changsheng , Xie Hong , Ruan Qinyun , Lin Jinxiu , Huang Chun‐Kai , Chai Dajun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPathological cardiac hypertrophy is a key contributor to heart failure, and the molecular mechanisms underlying honokiol (HNK)‐mediated cardioprotection against this condition remain worth further exploring. This study aims to investigate the effect of HNK on angiotensin II (Ang II)‐induced myocardial hypertrophy and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Sprague–Dawley rats were exposed to Ang II infusion, followed by HNK or vehicle treatment for 4 weeks. Our results showed that HNK treatment protected against Ang II‐induced myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis and dysfunction in vivo and inhibited Ang II‐induced hypertrophy in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes in vitro. Mechanistically, HNK suppressed the Ang II‐induced Nur77 expression at the transcriptional level and promoted ubiquitination‐mediated degradation of Nur77, leading to dissociation of the Nur77–LKB1 complex. This facilitated the translocation of LKB1 into the cytoplasm and activated the LKB1‐AMPK pathway. Our findings suggest that HNK attenuates pathological remodelling and cardiac dysfunction induced by Ang II by promoting dissociation of the Nur77–LKB1 complex and subsequent activation of AMPK signalling. This study uncovers a novel role of HNK on the LKB1‐AMPK pathway to protect against cardiac hypertrophy.
N‐n‐butyl haloperidol iodide mediates cardioprotection via regulating AMPK/FoxO1 signalling
Authors: Lu Binger , Wu Zhuomin , He Weiliang , Feng Zikai , Liao Jilin , Wang Bin , Zhang Yanmei , Gao Fenfei , Shi Ganggang , Zheng Fuchun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDerangement of redox condition largely contributes to cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. FoxO1 is a transcription factor which transcripts a series of antioxidants to antagonize I/R‐induced oxidative myocardial damage. N‐n‐butyl haloperidol iodide (F2) is a derivative derived from haloperidol structural modification with potent capacity of inhibiting oxidative stress. This investigation intends to validate whether cardio‐protection of F2 is dependent on FoxO1 using an in vivo mouse I/R model and if so, to further elucidate the molecular regulating mechanism. This study initially revealed that F2 preconditioning led to a profound reduction in I/R injury, which was accompanied by attenuated oxidative stress and upregulation of antioxidants (SOD2 and catalase), nuclear FoxO1 and phosphorylation of AMPK. Furthermore, inactivation of FoxO1 with AS1842856 abolished the cardio‐protective effect of F2. Importantly, we identified F2‐mediated nuclear accumulation of FoxO1 is dependent on AMPK, as blockage of AMPK with compound C induced nuclear exit of FoxO1. Collectively, our data uncover that F2 pretreatment exerts significant protection against post ischemic myocardial injury by its regulation of AMPK/FoxO1 pathway, which may provide a new avenue for treating ischemic disease.