bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microsatellite loci in the Canary Islands endemic ground beetle Trechus flavocinctus and their applicability to cave‐dwelling related species
Authors: CONTRERAS‐DÍAZ HERMANS G. , PESTANO JOSÉ , SUÁREZ NICOLÁS M. , OROMÍ PEDRO , JUAN CARLOS 
Published: September 2005

AbstractSix polymorphic microsatellite markers have been developed for the Canary endemic ground beetle Trechus flavocinctus, and the performance of primer pairs amplifying these loci in closely related taxa (including two cave‐obliged species) has been tested. The number of alleles in T. flavocinctus samples taken from three distant localities in two islands ranged from four to 14 per locus. Observed heterozygosities were from 0.333 to 0.933. These markers could be useful tools to study the population structure and the genetic consequences of island and cave colonization by ground beetles.
Isolation and characterization of 15 microsatellite loci in the poplar rust fungus, Melampsora larici‐populina, and cross‐amplification in related species
Authors: BARRÈS BENOÎT , DUTECH CYRIL , ANDRIEUX AXELLE , CARON HENRI , PINON JEAN , FREY PASCAL 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe developed 15 microsatellite loci in the poplar rust fungus, Melampsora larici‐populina, using two enrichment protocols. Polymorphism of each locus was assessed on a panel of 30 isolates, comprising three subpanels (world, regional and local scales). Thirteen loci were polymorphic with three to eight alleles detected. The 15 loci were also tested on five related Melampsora species, M. allii‐populina, M. medusae f. sp. deltoidae, M. larici‐tremulae, M. rostrupii and M. pinitorqua, and partial or global cross‐amplification events were detected.
Polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers for the grey fantail, Rhipidura albiscapa
Authors: JIN L. , MUNRO K. , TAN S. , HOFFMAN J. , AMOS W. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe isolated and characterized five polymorphic microsatellite markers for the grey fantail Rhipidura albiscapa from genomic libraries enriched for (AC)n and (GT)n microsatellites. In 34 adult individuals, the number of alleles per locus ranged from eight to 17. Observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.65 to 0.94 and 0.83 to 0.94, respectively. These markers will be useful for analysing extra‐pair paternity in fantails.
Development of microsatellite markers in Acer capillipes
Authors: TERUI H. , LIAN C. L. , SAITO Y. , IDE Y. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract Acer capillipes is an insect‐pollinated tree species that grows in temperate regions of Japan. We isolated seven polymorphic microsatellite loci from this species using a dual‐suppression polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to 10, and the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.042 to 0.828. Cross‐species amplification from 14 other Acer species was successful for the majority of the isolated loci, suggesting that these loci may be useful for the characterization of other maple species.
Isolation of microsatellite markers from Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. using a dual PCR technique
Authors: WATANABE A. , IWAIZUMI M. G. , UBUKATA M. , KONDO T. , LIAN C. , HOGETSU T. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe developed seven microsatellite loci from Pinus densiflora using a dual polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Of 186 clones from a library based on suppression PCR, 127 contained microsatellite sequences. Of these, 43 candidates were determined sequences of both flanking regions, and 16 regions from this group were chosen as development markers. Seven of these primer pairs successfully amplified polymorphic single loci among 83 resistant trees against pine wood nematode. The observed heterozygosity of the seven microsatellite markers ranged from 0.247 to 0.843. Mendelian inheritance was confirmed using megagametophytes.
chifish: a computer program testing for genetic heterogeneity at multiple loci using chi‐square and Fisher's exact test
Authors: RYMAN NILS 
Published: September 2005

Abstract chifish is a 32‐bit Windows/DOS program evaluating divergence at multiple gene loci. It tests the hypothesis of no difference at any locus both by means of Pearson's traditional chi‐square and by using Fisher's method of combining P values obtained by Fisher's exact test. Input data are read from a file formatted for genepop. Commonly used population genetics software do not perform chi‐square tests, and the simultaneous application of both techniques aids in situations where poor power of the ‘exact approach’ may prevent detection of true differentiation (e.g. few populations and few alleles per locus).
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci from the apple maggot fly Rhagoletis pomonella (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: VELEZ S. , TAYLOR M. S. , NOOR M. A. F. , LOBO N. F. , FEDER J. L. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe report the isolation and development of 81 novel primers for amplifying microsatellite loci in the Rhagoletis pomonella sibling species complex, and the sequencing, characterization and analysis of basic population genetic parameters for nine of these genes. We also report the successful cross‐species amplification of several of these loci. The R. pomonella sibling species complex is a textbook example of genetic differentiation in sympatry via host‐plant shifting. Microsatellite markers can be useful for mapping host‐plant‐associated adaptations in Rhagoletis that generate reproductive isolation and facilitate speciation, as well as for resolving the genetic structure and evolutionary history of fly populations.
Development of sequence‐tagged microsatellite site markers for chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: CHOUDHARY SHALU , SETHY NIROJ K. , SHOKEEN BHUMIKA , BHATIA SABHYATA 
Published: September 2005

AbstractMicrosatellite loci were identified from chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), the third most important grain legume crop in the world. A total of 13 sequence‐tagged microsatellite markers were developed using two different approaches: (i) amplification using degenerate primers and (ii) cloning of intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR)‐amplified fragments. Thirty‐five chickpea accessions were analysed, which resulted in a total of 30 alleles at the 13 loci. The observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.1143 to 0.4571 with an average of 0.2284. The cross‐species transferability of the sequence‐tagged microsatellite site (STMS) markers was checked in Cicer reticulatum, the wild annual progenitor of chickpea. These microsatellite markers will be useful for assessing the genetic diversity patterns within chickpea as well as aid in construction of intra‐ and interspecific genetic linkage maps.
3D Building Modelling with Digital Map, Lidar Data and Video Image Sequences
Authors: Zhang Yongjun , Zhang Zuxun , Zhang Jianqing , Wu Jun 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and texture mapping of buildings or other man‐made objects are key aspects for 3D city landscapes. An effective coarse‐to‐fine approach for 3D building model generation and texture mapping based on digital photogrammetric techniques is proposed. Three video image sequences, two oblique views of building walls and one vertical view of building roofs, acquired by a digital video camera mounted on a helicopter, are used as input images. Lidar data and a coarse two‐dimensional (2D) digital vector map used for car navigation are also used as information sources. Automatic aerial triangulation (AAT) suitable for a high overlap image sequence is used to give initial values of camera parameters of each image. To obtain accurate image lines, the correspondence between outlines of the building and their line features in the image sequences is determined with a coarse‐to‐fine strategy. A hybrid point/line bundle adjustment is used to ensure the stability and accuracy of reconstruction. Reconstructed buildings with fine textures superimposed on a digital elevation model (DEM) and ortho‐image are realistically visualised. Experimental results show that the proposed approach of 3D city model generation has a promising future in many applications.
Direct Sensor Orientation for Large Scale Mapping—Potential, Problems, Solutions
Authors: Yastikli Naci̇ , Jacobsen Karsten 
Published: September 2005

AbstractGeoreferencing is one of the most important tasks in photogrammetry. Traditionally it has been achieved indirectly using the well‐known method of aerial triangulation. With the availability of integrated GPS and inertial measurement units (IMU), this situation changed. Direct determination of exterior orientation is now possible. Today, direct and integrated sensor orientation is used for a wide range of sensors including lidar and SAR, as well as for digital line scanner systems and aerial cameras. This paper investigates the performance of direct and integrated sensor orientation for large scale mapping using the data‐set of the ‘‘Integrated Sensor Orientation’’ test of the European Organisation for Experimental Photogrammetric Research (OEEPE—now known as EuroSDR). The concept, potential, problems and solutions of direct and integrated sensor orientation are discussed.
Development of a Robust Photogrammetric Metrology System for Monitoring the Healing of Bedsores
Authors: Malian Abbass , Azizi Ali , van den Heuvel Frank A. , Zolfaghari Mahmoud 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA three‐camera close range photogrammetric system for robust and precise measurement of bedsores has been designed and constructed. MEDPHOS (MEDical PHOtogrammetric System) consists of three synchronised cameras with convergent optical axes. A light projector is fixed in the centre of the rig that holds the cameras. A special dot pattern is projected onto the surface to be measured, to compensate for the lack of natural texture on the wound surface. The proposed algorithm consists of the following steps: the cameras and projector are calibrated so that all interior and exterior parameters are known; tailored image segmentation procedures are developed and applied for the detection of the projected pattern dots from the uneven background of the images using morphologic operators; and watershed transformation is used to tackle the problem of overlapping pattern dots. To reduce the effects of non‐uniform illumination and specular reflection of light due to humidity (often the case with wounds), a homomorphic transformation is developed and applied to the images. After segmentation of the images, a connected‐component labelling procedure is used to establish the points for matching. The centroids of these components were precisely calculated. Intensity‐based image matching has been tested without yielding satisfactory results due to the significant deviation from the Lambertian reflection assumption used for solving the correspondence problem. This problem is reliably solved by developing a new algorithm based on geometric constraints that allow feature‐based matching and do not need approximate values of the location of the targets in the images. This robust three‐focal constraint is found to be very effective for matching provided the necessary conditions for the system configuration are met. Auxiliary photometric constraints together with the calibrated projector (which is treated like an active camera) also serve as additional sources of information for reducing the number of remaining ambiguities and checking the consistency of the results. Almost all of the required biometric information can be obtained rapidly, robustly and easily using MEDPHOS. Experimental results showed the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
Spectral Filtering and Classification of Terrestrial Laser Scanner Point Clouds
Authors: Lichti Derek D. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA method is presented for filtering and classification of terrestrial laser scanner point clouds. The algorithm exploits the four‐channel (blue, green, red and near infrared) multispectral imaging capability of some terrestrial scanners using supervised, parametric classification to assign thematic class labels to all scan cloud points. Its principal advantage is that it is a completely data‐driven algorithm and is independent of spatial sampling resolution since the processing is performed in four‐dimensional spectral feature space. Its application to two data‐sets of different spatial extent and spatial and spectral complexity is reported, for which respective overall classification accuracies of 87·0% and 82·0% were achieved. Analysis of the input data with emphasis on the characteristics pertinent to the anticipated outcomes precedes detailed analysis of the classification results and error sources and their causes. Erroneously classified points are attributed to radiometric errors stemming from both detector hardware and physical effects.
Hyper Redundancy for Accuracy Enhancement in Automated Close Range Photogrammetry
Authors: Fraser Clive S. , Woods Alex , Brizzi Danny 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA generic network design in close range photogrammetry is one where optimal multi‐ray intersection geometry is obtained with as few camera stations as practicable. Hyper redundancy is a concept whereby, once the generic network is in place, many additional images are recorded, with the beneficial impact upon object point precision being equivalent to the presence of multiple exposures at each camera position within the generic network. The effective number of images per station within a hyper redundant network might well be in the range of 10 to 20 or more. As is apparent when it is considered that a hyper redundant network may comprise hundreds of images, the concept is only applicable in practice to fully automatic vision metrology systems, where it proves to be a very effective means of enhancing measurement accuracy at the cost of minimal additional work in the image recording phase. This paper briefly reviews the network design and accuracy aspects of hyper redundancy and illustrates the technique by way of the photogrammetric measurement of surface deformation of a radio telescope of 26 m diameter. This project required an object point measurement accuracy of σ = 0·065 mm, or 1/400 000 of the diameter of the reflector.
Review Essay on Zero‐Base Budgeting
Authors: James Judson L. 
Published: September 2005

House Committee on the Budget, Zero‐Base Budget Legislation, 94th Congress, 2nd SessionSenate Committee on Governmental Affairs, Sunset Act of 1977, 95th Congress, 1st SessionSenate Committee on Government Operations, Government Economy and Spending Reform Act of 1976, 94th Congress, 2nd SessionSenate Committee on Government Operations, Compendium of Materials on Zero‐Base Budgeting in the States, 94th Congress, 2nd Session
POLICY ISSUES IN AMERICAN SECURITY POLICY AND POLICY‐MAKING USING AND CONTROLLING NEW WEAPONS
Authors: Coffey Joseph I. 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACTNATO may be confronting a crisis over the cruise missiles. Some allies may seek longer‐range, nuclear‐armed missile which could enable them to strike at Soviet MR/IRBMs and at other targets inside the USSR; others (along with many Americans) aim at restricting both the range and the missions of cruise missiles. The first option could jeopardize detente, inhibit further progress in SALT and conceivably weaken American control over the uses of nuclear weapons in time of war. The second could cause strains between the United States and its European allies. The best policy would seem to be to (1) delay any decision on cruise missile development and deployment in Europe; (2) seek a two‐year freeze on all deployment of new nuclear delivery vehicles in Central Europe and of additional Soviet SS‐20 IRBMs; (3) use this “breathing space” to seek agreement on the limitation of cruise missiles, MR/IRBMs and other “gray area” weapons in the region “from the Atlantic to the Urals.”
APPROACHES TO THE USE AND CONTROL OF FORCE THE ART OF POSING STRATEGIC PROBLEMS
Authors: Quester George H. 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACTThere is a risk that the threat of nuclear war will be exaggerated in ways injurious to arms control and will deliver to the Soviet leadership the political returns it may be seeking. This undesirable outcome is the result of logical tricks we play on ourselves in trying to be very precise about factors like the accuracy of missiles. It is also the result of the peculiar assymmetry of the discussion of strategic matters, as all of the publicity work for Soviet weapons accomplishments is done by the press and governments of the West. Proposals for remedy would be to watch our own habits of logic, so that we do not persuade ourselves that our weapons capability or our political resolve are weak, and to force the Soviets to produce more information about their strategic capabilities.
THE EVOLUTION OF HUMPHREY‐HAWKINS*
Authors: Schantz Harvey L. , Schmidt Richard H. 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACTHumphrey‐Hawkins, enacted into law as the Full Employment and Balanced Growth Act of 1978, is the most important step the Federal government has taken for overall economic coordination since passage of the Employment Act of 1946. The centerpiece of the new law is specific goals for unemployment and inflation. All Federal programs and policies are to work toward achieving a 3 percent adult and 4 percent overall jobless rate within five years, and inflation rates of 3 percent by 1983 and 0 percent by 1988. The present article outlines the major changes made in Humphrey‐Hawkins from its introduction in June 1974 to its enactment in October 1978, the contents of the Full Employment and Balanced Growth Act of 1978, and the politics surrounding its passage.
BAKKE, WEBER, AND RACE IN EMPLOYMENT: ANALYSIS OF INFORMED OPINION
Authors: Gillespie J. David , Mitchell Michael L. 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACTThe article reports research on informed opinion as to linkage between Bakke and the discretionary use of race in private employment practice. Of particular concern is the legal parallel between the 1964 Civil Rights Act, Title 6 as applied in Bakke and Title 7 as it relates to Kaiser Aluminum v. Weber and to other employment cases. The principal research entailed Q‐methodology, a technique allowing respondents to produce and present a structured attitude (mind set) with regard to an issue or controversy. Focus of the study was upon 1) respondent values or norms as to race in employment; 2) opinions as to the impact of Bakke upon race in employment; and 3) perceptions of Bakke as portent of things to come. Responses were made in the Fall of 1978. Respondents were from groups indicating interest in Bakke, together with university teachers in relevant fields. Factor analysis of responses revealed three principal attitudes. One attitude (Factor I) strongly affirms race‐conscious affirmative action, including quotas, sharply condemned the Supreme Court for abrogating (in Bakke) its responsibility for protecting minority rights, and saw Bakke as a portent of unwelcome things. Factor II condemns any consideration of race in programs of admission or employment, predicted some beneficial legacy of Bakke, but was most critical of its deference to racial considerations. Factor III is pragmatic and was supportive of the Supreme Court Bakke decision, from which it projected beneficial consequences. Factor III accepts the discretionary use of race while rejecting quotas. Survey research conducted by others reveals that a public majority holds opinions most congruent with Factor III. In the employment area specifically, a majority rejects quotas but endorses minority training programs. The 1979 Weber decision gives a limited sanction to voluntary quotas, but does not exceed the range of tolerance set by a public permissive in this particular policy area.
TOIL AND TROUBLE: THE REFORM OF THE LABOR LAW
Authors: Bulmer Charles , Carmichael John L. 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACTReform of the labor law has been proposed to alleviate allegedly defective procedures and remedies in the present law. In spite of the fact that numerous violations and abuses of the existing law have taken place over the last several years and that the provisions of the existing law have been inadequate to prevent these violations and abuses, Congress has been unable to pass meaningful reform measures to deal effectively with those inadequacies. The present law allows for long delays in the settling of cases involving alleged unfair labor practices and has become, in the minds of many, a sham which does not protect the rights of workers and, indeed, allows employers to engage in unfair labor practices with very little fear of the consequences. Proponents of labor law reform argue that changes are needed to furnish adequate guarantees that the existing labor law will be effective. The lively debate in Congress over the issue of labor law reform demonstrates that it is one of the most controversial and important questions facing the nation today. Some argue that unless effective reform measures are adopted, workers will continue to labor under the existing ineffective system.
LOCAL PUBLIC EMPLOYEE UNIONIZATION: TRENDS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE FUTURE
Authors: Seroka James H. 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACTIn this article, some of the important structural changes occurring in local government today which are likely to have a direct impact on labor relations for municipal and county governments are reviewed. These include fiscal, managerial and socio‐economic changes. The implication of these changes for such factors as multilateral bargaining, union growth, contracting out, inter‐municipal labor cooperation, legitimacy for public employee unionization, popular support, and changes in the legal status of organized municipal employees are examined. Finally, the overall impact of these trends on work stoppages, disruption of city services, etc. is discussed.
PUBLIC SECTOR UNIONISM AND TAX BURDENS: ARE THEY RELATED?*
Authors: Straussman Jeffrey D. , Rodgers Robert 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACTOne factor that has affected state and local politics since the 1960's is the growth of public sector unionism. Conventional wisdom assumes that the “fist generation” of public unionism has been a major cause of the fiscal problems faced by many state and local governments in the 1970's. State level cross‐sectional analysis (1960–71) questions this widely held assumption with respect to the impact of strike activity and collective bargaining legislation on the tax burden across the states.
REPRESENTATION IN THE U.S. ARMED FORCES?
Authors: Krendel Ezra S. , Samoff Bernard L. 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACTOn November 8, 1978 several years of activity in the Congress and concern by the Department of Defense culminated in Public Law 95–610 when President Carter signed bill S.274. This law prohibits union organizations of the armed forces, membership in military labor organizations by members of the armed forces, and recognition of military labor organizations by the Government. Severe sanctions can be imposed for violations. Since representation is a broader concept than collective bargaining, P.L. 95–610, even should it survive possible court challenges to its constitutionality, does not settle the basic issues. These issues focus on (1) the changing demography and enlistment rules for the armed forces; (2) the response of the Department of Defense to these changes; and (3) the evolution of the various organizations of present and former military personnel into more union‐like activities. This paper addresses the policy implications of the foregoing three factors and suggests approaches compatible with both our military needs and our civilian traditions.