bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of flavanols and procyanidins-rich cocoa consumption on metabolic syndrome: an update review (2013-2023)
Authors: Salaish Kumar Sharvintha , Mhd Jalil Abbe Maleyki , Hussin Napisah , Mat Daud Zulfitri ‘Azuan , Ismail Amin 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Studies indicated that cocoa-based products effectively mitigate the risks associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS), however, the effect varies based on cocoa types, dosages, and study durations. This review aimed to determine the flavanol-rich cocoa consumption on MetS outcomes within the last decade (2013-2023), adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Seven randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) used cocoa-based products containing 0.3-1680 mg flavanol monomers and 3.5-1270 mg procyanidins. Cocoa-based products beneficially reduced glycemic response, blood pressure and lipid profiles. However, this review highlights little evidence pinpointing the best cocoa products type and required dosage for the observed effects. Further intervention aiming to improve MetS should justify the selection and concentration of flavanols (monomers and procyanidins). A robust study design should consider registering the trials before study commencement, consider multicenter RCT trials, and adjust for potential covariates that might “masked” the outcomes.
Adaptive sequential surveillance with network and temporal dependence
Authors: Malenica Ivana , Coyle Jeremy R , van der Laan Mark J , Petersen Maya L 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Strategic test allocation is important for control of both emerging and existing pandemics (eg, COVID-19, HIV). It supports effective epidemic control by (1) reducing transmission via identifying cases and (2) tracking outbreak dynamics to inform targeted interventions. However, infectious disease surveillance presents unique statistical challenges. For instance, the true outcome of interest (positive infection status) is often a latent variable. In addition, presence of both network and temporal dependence reduces data to a single observation. In this work, we study an adaptive sequential design, which allows for unspecified dependence among individuals and across time. Our causal parameter is the mean latent outcome we would have obtained, if, starting at time t given the observed past, we had carried out a stochastic intervention that maximizes the outcome under a resource constraint. The key strength of the method is that we do not have to model network and time dependence: a short-term performance Online Super Learner is used to select among dependence models and randomization schemes. The proposed strategy learns the optimal choice of testing over time while adapting to the current state of the outbreak and learning across samples, through time, or both. We demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed strategy in an agent-based simulation modeling a residential university environment during the COVID-19 pandemic.
One-year mortality rates after standardized management for emergency laparotomy: results from the Swedish SMASH study
Authors: Timan Terje Jansson , Ekerstad Niklas , Karlsson Ove , Sernert Ninni , Prytz Mattias 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Patients who require an emergency laparotomy suffer from high mortality and morbidity rates. Studies have shown that the standardization of perioperative management reduces complications in the short term. The aim of the present study was to report long-term mortality rates for the SMASH (Standardized perioperative Management of patients operated with acute Abdominal Surgery in a High-risk and emergency setting) study, as well as short- and long-term outcomes for different age groups within the SMASH study.

Methods
A prospective intervention study was introduced in 2018, with the aim of investigating the introduction of a standardized protocol for emergency laparotomy. For 42 months, intervention patients were managed according to the protocol and outcomes were then compared with those of historical controls.

Results
A total of 1344 unique patients were included (681 in the intervention group and 663 in the control group). The 90-day mortality rate was 14.1 per cent in the intervention group and 20.8 per cent in the control group (P = 0.002) and the 1-year mortality rate in adjusted analyses was 19.7 and 27.8 per cent respectively (P =&lt; 0.001). An age-related subgroup analysis showed that the oldest patients (76 years and older, 260 in the intervention group and 240 in the control group) had a 1-year mortality rate of 29.6 and 43.8 per cent respectively (P = 0.004) and a mean duration of hospital stay of 9.9 and 11.6 days respectively (P = 0.027). Among older adults (61–75 years), the mean duration of hospital stay was 11.7 days in the intervention group compared with 15.1 days in the control group (P = 0.009) and the mean duration of ICU care was reduced to 4.49 days compared with 7.29 days (P = 0.046).

Conclusion
The standardized protocol associated with an emergency laparotomy appears to be beneficial, even in the long term. For elderly patients, it appears to reduce mortality rates and the durations of hospital stay and ICU care.
Importance of non-crystalline–crystalline balance on the photocatalytic activity of bismuth-tungsten mixed oxide particles prepared by a facile glycol method
Authors: Furukawa Shingo , Matsuda Shun , Takase Mai 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Here, we report results of the photocatalytic oxidative-decomposition activity of bismuth-tungsten mixed oxide particles prepared by a facile glycol method, i.e. heating the starting materials in ethylene glycol under atmospheric pressure with a block bath, which suggest the importance of the balanced formation of base crystalline bismuth tungstate and low-crystalline bismuth oxide deposits, as a possible site for two-electron transfer to oxygen on the bismuth tungstate to obtain relatively high photocatalytic activity.
Swelling ability and Lewis acidity of layered octosilicate modified with isolated dialkyltin species
Authors: Yatomi Masashi , Kuroda Kazuyuki , Shimojima Atsushi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Layered polysilicates are attractive materials for modification with single metal catalysts while controlling the local structures. The reaction between layered octosilicate and dibutyltin dichloride resulted in the immobilization of well-defined dibutyltin groups on the silicate surfaces. The interlayer-swelling ability in N-methylformamide was confirmed. The Lewis acidity of the dibutyltin site was indicated by intercalating trimethylphosphine oxide. A comparison of dibutyltin-modified octosilicate with a dimethyltin-modified one indicated that the length of the alkyl group bonded to Sn affected the interlayer accessibility.
Filling knowledge gaps in insect conservation by leveraging genetic data from public archives
Authors: Baini Serena , De Biase Alessio 
Published: January 2024

AbstractInsect decline has become a growing concern in recent years, with studies showing alarming declines in populations of several taxa. Our knowledge about genetic spatial patterns and evolutionary history of insects still exhibits significant gaps hindering our ability to effectively conserve and manage insect populations and species. Genetic data may provide valuable insights into the diversity and the evolutionary relationships of insects’ species and populations. Public repositories, such as GenBank and BOLD, containing vast archives of genetic data with associated metadata, offer an irreplaceable resource for researchers contributing to our understanding of species diversity, population structure and evolutionary relationships. However, there are some issues in using these data, as they are often scattered and may lack accuracy due to inconsistent sampling protocols and incomplete information. In this paper we describe a curated georeferenced database of genetic data collected in GenBank and BOLD, for insects listed in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Italian Red Lists (dragonflies, bees, saproxylic beetles and butterflies). After querying these repositories, we performed quality control and data standardization steps. We created a dataset containing approximately 33 000 mitochondrial sequences and associated metadata about taxonomy, collection localities, geographic coordinates and IUCN Red List status for 1466 species across the four insect lists. We describe the current state of geographical metadata in queried repositories for species listed under different conservation status in the Italian Red Lists to quantify data gaps posing barriers to prioritization of conservation actions. Our curated dataset is available for data repurposing and analysis, enabling researchers to conduct comparative studies. We emphasize the importance of filling knowledge gaps in insect diversity and distribution and highlight the potential of this dataset for promoting other research fields like phylogeography, macrogenetics and conservation strategies. Our database can be downloaded through the Zenodo repository in SQL format.Database URL: https://zenodo.org/records/8375181
Equivalence trial of proposed denosumab biosimilar GP2411 and reference denosumab in postmenopausal osteoporosis: the ROSALIA study
Authors: Jeka Sławomir , Dokoupilová Eva , Kivitz Alan , Żuchowski Paweł , Vogg Barbara , Krivtsova Natalia , Sekhar Susmit , Banerjee Samik , Schwebig Arnd , Poetzl Johann , Body Jean-Jacques , Eastell Richard 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Denosumab is a monoclonal antibody used to reduce risk of fractures in osteoporosis. ROSALIA was a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, integrated phase I/phase III study comparing the efficacy, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), immunogenicity, and safety of proposed biosimilar denosumab GP2411 with reference denosumab (REF-DMAb) (Prolia®; Amgen). Postmenopausal women with osteoporosis were randomized 1:1 to 2 60-mg doses of GP2411 or REF-DMAb, one at study start and one at week 26. At week 52, the REF-DMAb group was re-randomized 1:1 to a third dose of REF-DMAb or switch to GP2411. The primary efficacy endpoint was percentage change from baseline (%CfB) in LS-BMD at week 52. Secondary efficacy endpoints were %CfB in LS-BMD, FN-BMD, and TH-BMD at weeks 26 and 78 (and week 52 for FN-BMD and TH-BMD). Primary PK and PD endpoints were the area under the serum concentration–time curve extrapolated to infinity and maximum drug serum concentration at week 26, and the area under the effect–time curve of the %CfB in serum CTX at week 26. Secondary PK and PD endpoints included drug serum concentrations and %CfB in serum CTX and P1NP during the study period. Similar efficacy was demonstrated at week 52, with 95% CIs of the difference in %CfB in LS-BMD between treatment groups fully contained within prespecified equivalence margins. Similarity in PK and PD was demonstrated at week 26. Immunogenicity was similar between groups and was not impacted by treatment switch. The rate of new vertebral fractures was comparable. Treatment-emergent adverse events were comparable between groups (63.6% [GP2411/GP2411]; 76.0% [REF-DMAb/REF-DMAb]; 76.6% [REF-DMAb/GP2411]). In conclusion, ROSALIA showed similar efficacy, PK and PD, and comparable safety and immunogenicity of GP2411 to REF-DMAb in postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Transcriptional and translational flux optimization at the key regulatory node for enhanced production of naringenin using acetate in engineered Escherichia coli
Authors: Kim Dong H , Hwang Hyun G , Ye Dae-yeol , Jung Gyoo Y 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

As a key molecular scaffold for various flavonoids, naringenin is a value-added chemical with broad pharmaceutical applicability. For efficient production of naringenin from acetate, it is crucial to precisely regulate the carbon flux of the oxaloacetate-phosphoenolpyruvate (OAA-PEP) regulatory node through appropriate pckA expression control, as excessive overexpression of pckA can cause extensive loss of OAA and metabolic imbalance. However, considering the critical impact of pckA on naringenin biosynthesis, the conventional strategy of transcriptional regulation of gene expression is limited in its ability to cover the large and balanced solution space. To overcome this hurdle, in this study, pckA expression was fine-tuned at both the transcriptional and translational levels in a combinatorial expression library for the precise exploration of optimal naringenin production from acetate. Additionally, we identified the effects of regulating pckA expression by validating the correlation between phosphoenolpyruvate kinase (PCK) activity and naringenin production. As a result, the flux-optimized strain exhibited a 49.8-fold increase compared with the unoptimized strain, producing 122.12 mg/L of naringenin. Collectively, this study demonstrated the significance of transcriptional and translational flux rebalancing at the key regulatory node, proposing a pivotal metabolic engineering strategy for the biosynthesis of various flavonoids derived from naringenin using acetate.

One-sentence summary
In this study, transcriptional and translational regulation of pckA expression at the crucial regulatory node was conducted to optimize naringenin biosynthesis using acetate in E. coli.
High-dimensional in situ proteomics imaging to assess γδ T cells in spatial biology
Authors: Herold Nicola , Bruhns Matthias , Babaei Sepideh , Spreuer Janine , Castagna Arianna , Yurttas Can , Scheuermann Sophia , Seitz Christian , Ruf Benjamin , Königsrainer Alfred , Jurmeister Philipp , Löffler Markus W , Claassen Manfred , Wistuba-Hamprecht Kilian 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This study presents a high-dimensional immunohistochemistry approach to assess human γδ T cell subsets in their native tissue microenvironments at spatial resolution, a hitherto unmet scientific goal due to the lack of established antibodies and required technology. We report an integrated approach based on multiplexed imaging and bioinformatic analysis to identify γδ T cells, characterize their phenotypes, and analyze the composition of their microenvironment. Twenty-eight γδ T cell microenvironments were identified in tissue samples from fresh frozen human colon and colorectal cancer where interaction partners of the immune system, but also cancer cells were discovered in close proximity to γδ T cells, visualizing their potential contributions to cancer immunosurveillance. While this proof-of-principle study demonstrates the potential of this cutting-edge technology to assess γδ T cell heterogeneity and to investigate their microenvironment, future comprehensive studies are warranted to associate phenotypes and microenvironment profiles with features such as relevant clinical characteristics.
Upregulated selenoprotein I during lipopolysaccharide-induced B cell activation promotes lipidomic changes and is required for effective differentiation into IgM-secreting plasma B cells
Authors: Ma Chi , Hoffmann FuKun W , Shay Ashley E , Koo Imhoi , Green Kathy A , Green William R , Hoffmann Peter R 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The mechanisms driving metabolic reprogramming during B cell activation are unclear, particularly roles for enzymatic pathways involved in lipid remodeling. We found that murine B cell activation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) led to a 1.6-fold increase in total lipids that included higher levels of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and plasmenyl PE. Selenoprotein I (SELENOI) is an ethanolamine phospholipid transferase involved in the synthesis of both PE and plasmenyl PE, and SELENOI expression was also upregulated during activation. Selenoi knockout (KO) B cells exhibited decreased levels of plasmenyl PE, which plays an important antioxidant role. Lipid peroxidation was measured and found to increase ∼2-fold in KO vs. wild-type (WT) B cells. Cell death was not impacted by KO in LPS-treated B cells and proliferation was only slightly reduced, but differentiation into CD138 + Blimp-1+ plasma B cells was decreased ∼2-fold. This led to examination of B cell receptors important for differentiation that recognize the ligand B cell activating factor, and levels of TACI (transmembrane activator, calcium-modulator, and cytophilin ligand interactor) (CD267) were significantly decreased on KO B cells compared with WT control cells. Vaccination with ovalbumin/adjuvant led to decreased ovalbumin-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels in sera of KO mice compared with WT mice. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses revealed a decreased switch from surface to secreted IgM in spleens of KO mice induced by vaccination or LP-BM5 retrovirus infection. Overall, these findings detail the lipidomic response of B cells to LPS activation and reveal the importance of upregulated SELENOI for promoting differentiation into IgM-secreting plasma B cells.
Exploring Adaptive Phenotypes for the Human Calcium-Sensing Receptor Polymorphism R990G
Authors: Sinigaglia Barbara , Escudero Jorge , Biagini Simone A , Garcia-Calleja Jorge , Moreno Josep , Dobon Begoña , Acosta Sandra , Mondal Mayukh , Walsh Sandra , Aguileta Gabriela , Vallès Mònica , Forrow Stephen , Martin-Caballero Juan , Migliano Andrea Bamberg , Bertranpetit Jaume , Muñoz Francisco J , Bosch Elena 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Rainforest hunter–gatherers from Southeast Asia are characterized by specific morphological features including a particularly dark skin color (D), short stature (S), woolly hair (W), and the presence of steatopygia (S)—fat accumulation localized in the hips (DSWS phenotype). Based on previous evidence in the Andamanese population, we first characterized signatures of adaptive natural selection around the calcium-sensing receptor gene in Southeast Asian rainforest groups presenting the DSWS phenotype and identified the R990G substitution (rs1042636) as a putative adaptive variant for experimental follow-up. Although the calcium-sensing receptor has a critical role in calcium homeostasis by directly regulating the parathyroid hormone secretion, it is expressed in different tissues and has been described to be involved in many biological functions. Previous works have also characterized the R990G substitution as an activating polymorphism of the calcium-sensing receptor associated with hypocalcemia. Therefore, we generated a knock-in mouse for this substitution and investigated organismal phenotypes that could have become adaptive in rainforest hunter–gatherers from Southeast Asia. Interestingly, we found that mouse homozygous for the derived allele show not only lower serum calcium concentration but also greater body weight and fat accumulation, probably because of enhanced preadipocyte differentiation and lipolysis impairment resulting from the calcium-sensing receptor activation mediated by R990G. We speculate that such differential features in humans could have facilitated the survival of hunter–gatherer groups during periods of nutritional stress in the challenging conditions of the Southeast Asian tropical rainforests.
Poor reproductive performance of Least Terns after tropical cyclones in Mississippi, USA suggests delayed nesting seriously reduces colony productivity
Authors: Darrah Abigail J 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Coastal birds that rely on sandy beaches for breeding are vulnerable to catastrophic flooding events resulting from tropical cyclones. The effects of storm surge on annual productivity depend on the propensity and success of renesting attempts post-storm. From 2017 to 2021, I investigated the effects of storm surge on Least Tern (Sternula antillarum) annual productivity, renesting probability, and nest and chick survival after storms on Mississippi’s Gulf of Mexico Coast. Tropical cyclones made landfall during peak breeding period in 3 of these years, resulting in complete overwash of all colonies. Observers monitored daily nest survival, productivity (maximum fledge count per maximum nest count), and frequency of disturbance from avian predators at each colony. Total annual productivity (fledge count per nest count across the study area) summed across colonies ranged from 0.00 to 0.07 in storm years and from 0.29 to 0.66 in non-storm years. Probability of colony re-occupation declined as a function of storm date and increased with pre-storm nest success. Disturbance rate from avian predators did not increase post-storm compared to pre-storm periods. Nest survival increased with colony size and decreased in both late-season (non-storm) and post-storm time periods. Mean probability of chick survival was 0.20 ± 0.06 (mean ± SD) for peak nesting period in non-storm years, whereas mean predicted chick survival was 0.003–0.004 in storm years and in renesting periods in all years. Storm surge resulted in nearly complete loss of Least Tern breeding productivity despite renesting attempts and colony re-occupation after storms. I found no evidence that avian predation increased post-storm as a result of habitat changes; rather, similarly low productivity was observed for late-season breeding attempts in non-storm years. Repeated storm surge events could pose a serious threat to the viability of Mississippi’s coastal-nesting Least Tern population, and protection of Least Terns during early and peak nesting seasons is critical for ensuring breeding success.
Faithfulness and Betrayal
Authors: Pitlevnik Leonardo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Many of Borges’s fictions center around the meaning of betrayal. From Judas to characters who betray a revolution or sell out their gang, these stories alternate between depicting the dignity of one who accepts and assumes their identity and the infamy associated with someone who harms others by breaking a pact. Borges replicates this duality when reflecting on other issues such as translation and literary tradition. Some of his fictions allude to certain strategies of the state, which on the one hand condemns treason but, on the other, resorts to it when prosecuting criminals. More generally, societies often manipulate the label of traitor as it suits the interests of those in power. These practices reflect some of the conflicts and weaknesses that can be seen in the stories this chapter discusses.
Looking Back at the Skokie Case
Authors: Goldberger David 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the Skokie case, a controversial and high-visibility case in which a group of Nazis sought to hold a lawful public assembly in a community containing thousands of Jews including many Holocaust survivors determined to prevent the assembly. The chapter delves into the legal response by the community and the courts. It illustrates the unintended consequences of delay imposed by actions of government officials and cumbersome court procedures that obstruct a lawful assembly and its timing. It also explores the impact of threats of violence by counterdemonstrators, the problems faced by lawyers representing reviled clients, and, finally, the role that skilled mediation played in helping to defuse a volatile situation.
Peterloo
Authors: Channing Iain 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the Parliamentary reform meeting held at St Peter’s Field in Manchester on 16 August 1819. It ended in the violent dispersal of the men, women, and children who had gathered there, leaving an estimated 17 dead and more than 650 injured. Utilizing the Flashpoint Model of Public Disorder, this chapter analyses important aspects relating to the political, economic, and cultural history of what came to be known as Peterloo, incorporating the events that preceded it and the actions of the reformers and the authorities. The massacre is placed within its contemporary context which included the economic distress and poverty felt by those in Manchester’s cotton industry, the lack of political representation they had in Parliament, the poor communication between the authorities and the reformers, and the suspicions held by the magistrates concerning the intentions of the meeting. In 1819, there was no legally defined right to public assembly in Britain and the legacy of Peterloo continues to act as a warning against the violent suppression of peaceful assemblies.