bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of the Lack of a Drug Interaction Between Azithromycin and Warfarin
Authors: McCall Kenneth L. , H. Glenn Anderson Jr. Pharm.D.  , Jones Angela D. 
Published: May 2004

Study Objective. To determine the effect on the international normalized ratio (INR) of adding azithromycin to patients receiving stable dosages of warfarin.Design. Retrospective chart review.Setting. Outpatient clinic.Patients. Ambulatory patients receiving warfarin and azithromycin concurrently who had a documented therapeutic INR value before the start of azithromycin therapy (pre‐INR) and a documented INR value within 30 days after the start of azithromycin therapy (post‐INR).Measurements and Main Results. Patients given felodipine during long‐term warfarin therapy formed a comparative control group. Patient demographics were similar in both treatment groups. Mean age of the azithromycin group (17 patients) was 59 ± 13 years and of the control group (20 patients) 65 ± 12 years. All 17 patients in the azithromycin group and 16 of the controls were women. Mean change from pre‐INR to post‐INR in the azithromycin and control groups, respectively, was 0.14 ± 0.64 (pre‐INR 2.46, post‐INR 2.61) and 0.19 ± 0.54 (pre‐INR 2.46, post‐INR 2.66) (p=0.74). A post hoc power analysis based on a pooled standard deviation of 0.60 revealed that the study had 68% power to detect a 0.5 change in the INR value.Conclusion. No interaction between azithromycin and warfarin was observed in ambulatory patients with therapeutic baseline INR values.
The Antipyretic Effect of Ibuprofen and Acetaminophen in Children
Authors: Wahba Haney 
Published: May 2004

Objective. To determine whether evidence in the medical literature supports ibuprofen or acetaminophen for reducing fever in children.Methods. Both MEDLINE and the Science Citation Index were searched using various medical subject headings for all articles published worldwide from 1966–2000. The language of publication was not restricted.Results. Initially, 4132 articles were found that dealt with either ibuprofen or acetaminophen. Limiting these articles to humans and children, and cross‐referencing with the Science Citation Index resulted in 68 articles; 22 satisfied the inclusion criteria and were further assessed for validity, design, and methods of reporting data.Conclusion. Acetaminophen and ibuprofen have equal tolerability. Acetaminophen produced a greater body temperature reduction at 0.5 hour after intervention compared with ibuprofen. However, ibuprofen provides a longer duration of antipyretic effect than acetaminophen 4 hours after intervention, and the initial temperature decrement lasts longer.
Assessment of Hypothyroidism in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Middleton Sarah C. , Spencer Anne P. 
Published: May 2004

Study Objective. To determine whether appropriate thyroid function measurements were being conducted in patients receiving care at a multidisciplinary heart failure clinic.Design. Retrospective chart review.Setting. University‐affiliated outpatient clinic.Patients. One hundred ninety‐three patients with heart failure.Intervention. Patients enrolled in the heart failure clinic at the Medical University of South Carolina from January 2000‐April 2003 were identified. Their medical records were reviewed for demographics, New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification, laboratory data, and date of most recent heart failure clinic appointment.Measurements and Main Results. The records of 193 patients (43% women) were reviewed. Overall and subgroup analyses were performed based on patient characteristics such as presence of thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) level, interval since last heart failure clinic appointment, presence of thyroid replacement therapy, amiodarone use, NYHA functional class, and attending physician. Of the 193 patients, 77 (40%) had appropriate TSH monitoring, whereas 10 (32%) of 31 patients receiving amiodarone had appropriate monitoring. Forty‐four (27%) patients not receiving amiodarone had no record of a TSH level. In 22 patients (11%), hypothyroidism was diagnosed and treated, whereas 16 patients (8%) had an abnormal TSH level but received no therapy.Conclusion. Forty percent of the 193 patients at this outpatient heart failure clinic received appropriate TSH monitoring. An opportunity exists for protocol implementation and education of pharmacists, nurse practitioners, and physicians concerning appropriate thyroid function monitoring in the heart failure population.
VBCI
: A Valence Bond Configuration Interaction Method that Includes Dynamic Correlation
Authors: Wu Wei , Song Lingchun , Zhang Qianer , Shaik Sason 
Published: May 2004

Abstract

Valence bond configuration interaction (VBCI) is introduced in this paper. The method adds the dynamic correlation contribution by use of configuration interaction (CI) following a VBSCF calculation. The VBCI method allows various approaches with different structure selection procedures. VBCIS involves only single excitations, while VBCISD involves also doubles, and so on. VBCI(D, S) includes doubly excited structures for the active electron shell and singly excited structures for inactive pairs. Using perturbation theory, VBCIPT truncates less important excitations and estimates their contribution by an approximate perturbation theoretic formula. The methods were tested by calculating the bond energies of H
2
, LiH, HF, HCl, F
2
, and Cl
2
as well as the barriers of identity hydrogen abstraction reactions, X• + X′H → XH + X′• (X, X′ = CH
3
, SiH
3
, GeH
3
, SnH
3
, PbH
3
). Test calculations show the VBCISD results match those of the MO‐based CCSD method. The computational results of VBCI(D, S) and VBCIPT match those of VBCISD with much less computational effort. As a demonstration of the potential of the VBCI method, we calculated the barrier of the hydrogen exchange reaction. The value of 10.0 kcal mol
−1
of the VBCI barrier is in very good agreement with the most accurate barrier of MO–based methods.
NMR
Scalar Couplings and Molecular Interactions
Authors: Barone Verónica , Peralta Juan E , Contreras Rubén H 
Published: May 2004

Abstract

In this work, a description is given of the possibilities that, at present, can be envisioned for using NMR scalar spin–spin couplings for studying molecular systems. Such possibilities are based both on the application of computational chemistry approaches to calculate them and on the using of modern experimental techniques to measure them. This article intends to be useful to scientists who are not familiar with the theoretical background of scalar couplings. The organization of this work proceeds as follows: First, a short description is given of the nucleus–electron magnetic interactions that originate these spectral parameters. Second, some comments on the current approaches to calculate them are quoted, and adequate references are given for readers interested in deepening their theoretical background. Third, the potential of scalar couplings to study inter‐ and intramolecular interactions is illustrated. This is accomplished by discussing how the Fermi contact contribution to

${}^{1}J_{\rm CH}$

as well as to several types of
geminal
scalar couplings is influenced by hyperconjugative interactions. A qualitative analysis is presented for geminal couplings involving nuclei of lone‐pair–bearing atoms in order to explain under which conditions their paramagnetic spin‐orbital contribution could be substantial. Two different examples are presented in which, for similar configurations of lone pairs, the roles played by such lone pairs in coupling transmission are quite different.
The Hamiltonian particle‐mesh method for the spherical shallow water equations
Authors: Frank J. , Reich S. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe Hamiltonian particle‐mesh (HPM) method is generalized to the spherical shallow‐water equations, utilizing constrained particle dynamics on the sphere and Merilees pseudospectral method (complexity 𝒪(J2logJ) in the latitudinal gridsize) to approximate the inverse modified Helmholtz regularization operator. The time step for the explicit, symplectic integrator depends only on a uniform physical smoothing length. Copyright © 2004 Royal Meteorological Society
Ten-year experience of carbon dioxide laser ablation as treatment for cutaneous recurrence of malignant melanoma
Authors: Gibson S C , Byrne D S , McKay A J 
Published: May 2004

Abstract

Background
Cutaneous recurrence of malignant melanoma is distressing for the patient, can be difficult to palliate and is resistant to treatment by conventional methods. Experience with carbon dioxide laser ablation was reviewed to determine the initial efficacy, time to recurrence, number of treatments required and length of palliation achieved.

Methods
Using a departmental database and case notes, a review was carried out of all patients undergoing laser ablation in the authors' unit between September 1992 August 2002.

Results
Forty-two patients received 105 (mean 2·5) treatments. The median time to recurrence was 5·2 (range 1·2–72·0) months. Twenty-three patients were still alive, with a median time from first laser ablation of 5·4 (range 0·5–10·0) years. Nineteen patients had died, a median of 0·8 (range 0·1–5·3) years after the first ablation. Ten of the 23 patients were disease-free for more than 1 year. No limbs were amputated because of failure to control disease.

Conclusion
Laser ablation is a practical and useful method of palliating recurrent cutaneous malignant melanoma.
Randomized clinical trial of the effect of pneumoperitoneum on cardiac function and haemodynamics during laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Larsen J F , Svendsen F M , Pedersen V 
Published: May 2004

AbstractBackgroundConventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy (CLC) with carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum may cause major cardiovascular changes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum and positional changes on haemodynamics and cardiac function in patients assigned randomly to CLC or gasless laparoscopic cholecystectomy (GLC).MethodsFifty patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II were randomly allocated to CLC (28 patients) or GLC (22). Left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters, fractional shortening and cardiac output were determined by transoesophageal echocardiography. Measurements were performed before (phase 1) and 10 and 30 min (phases 2 and 3 respectively) after pneumoperitoneum or abdominal wall traction, and after desufflation or release of abdominal wall traction (phase 4) in supine, Trendelenburg and reverse Trendelenburg positions.ResultsMean diastolic diameter, systolic diameter, mean arterial pressure and heart rate were significantly higher, and fractional shortening was significantly lower, with carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum than with the gasless procedure during phases 2 and 3. There were no significant differences in cardiac output between the two groups.ConclusionCarbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum was associated with increased preload and afterload in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystecomy. It also decreased heart performance (fractional shortening), but did not affect cardiac output.
Reactive Ion Surface Scattering as an Eley–Rideal Process: A Molecular Dynamics Study into the Abstraction Reaction Mechanism by Low Energy Cs+ From Pt(111)
Authors: Lahaye Rob J. W. E. , Kang Heon 
Published: May 2004

AbstractWe have employed a classical molecular dynamics simulation for the direct pick‐up reaction of adsorbates by very low energy (1–60 eV) ions scattered at a surface. The system investigated is the reactive ion scattering (RIS) of Cs+ with an adsorbate on a Pt(111) surface. The ion–dipole attraction between the projectile and the physisorbed adsorbate drives the abstraction reaction, in which the ion projectile at first collides with the surface to release a substantial amount of its kinetic energy, and subsequently pulls the adsorbate along in the outgoing trajectory. Desorption induced by the ion–dipole attraction is a precursor to the formation of the Cs+–adsorbate product. This Eley–Rideal‐type mechanism must accommodate the inertia of the adsorbate. Consequently, a successful abstraction works well only for low mass adsorbates and slow outgoing Cs+ ions. The efficient energy transfer to the Pt(111) surface makes Cs+ a better candidate for RIS than lighter projectile ions. Optimal conditions for the efficient RIS abstraction mechanism are found for physisorbed adsorbates with a mass below 32 amu, and for 10 eV Cs+ ions at a 45° incidence.
High‐performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis: Methodological challenges for the determination of biologically relevant low‐aliphatic aldehydes in human saliva
Authors: Annovazzi Laura , Cattaneo Vitaliano , Viglio Simona , Perani Eleonora , Zanone Chiara , Rota Chiara , Pecora Fabio , Cetta Giuseppe , Silvestri Maurizio , Iadarola Paolo 
Published: May 2004

AbstractTobacco smoke is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and also has a local toxic effect in the oral cavity. Low‐aliphatic aldehydes, such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acrolein, are among the main components of mainstream cigarette smoke and their local noxious and carcinogenic effects in the oral cavity and upper gastrointestinal tract are well‐known. Although various studies have been performed so far to determine their content in cigarette smoke, none has included the direct measurement of these compounds in the saliva of smoking and nonsmoking subjects. Thus, in an attempt to verify whether typical chromatographic (high‐performance liquid chromatography, HPLC) and/or electrophoretic (capillary electrophoresis, CE) techniques could be reliable methods for determining the levels of these analytes in human saliva, we submitted specimens obtained from a selected population of heavy, moderate, and nonsmoking subjects to HPLC and CE analyses. Both methods showed good reproducibility in terms of migration times and peak height and/or areas and had comparable linearity. Quantitative analyses performed on the specimens investigated evidenced a 3.5‐fold increase of low‐aliphatic aldehydes in saliva of nonsmoking subjects after they have smoked a single cigarette and a further 2‐fold increase of these compounds in saliva of smokers with a daily consumption of 10 or more cigarettes.
Low‐molecular‐weight human serum proteome using ultrafiltration, isoelectric focusing, and mass spectrometry
Authors: Harper Robert G. , Workman Sarah R. , Schuetzner Shayne , Timperman Aaron T. , Sutton Jennifer N. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractIdentification of the serum proteome is a daunting analytical task due to the complex nature of the sample which has an extremely large dynamic range of protein components. This report addresses this issue by using centrifugal ultrafiltration to enrich the low‐molecular‐weight (LMW) serum proteome while decreasing the amount of abundant high‐molecular‐weight proteins. Reduction of the complex nature of the sample was achieved by fractionation of the LMW serum proteins using solution‐phase isoelectric focusing (IEF). Multiple enzyme digestions are performed and analyzed by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). Analysis of the tandem mass spectra resulted in the identification of 262 proteins belonging to LMW serum proteome. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of this methodology to isolate and identify LMW proteins with improved confidence in the MS data acquired. In addition, our methodology can be combined with other multidimensional chromatography techniques performed on the peptide level to increase the number of identified proteins.
Proteomic analysis of detergent‐resistant membrane rafts
Authors: Blonder Josip , Hale Martha L. , Lucas David A. , Schaefer Carl F. , Yu Li‐Rong , Conrads Thomas P. , Issaq Haleem J. , Stiles Bradley G. , Veenstra Timothy D. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractA combined, detergent‐ and organic solvent‐based proteomic method for the analysis of detergent‐resistant membrane rafts (DRMR) is described. These specialized domains of the plasma membrane contain a distinctive and dynamic protein and/or lipid complement, which can be isolated from most mammalian cells. Lipid rafts are predominantly involved in signal transduction and adapted to mediate and produce different cellular responses. To facilitate a better understanding of their biology and role, DRMR were isolated from Vero cells as a Triton X‐100 insoluble fraction. After detergent removal, sonication in 60% buffered methanol was used to extract, solubilize and tryptically digest the resulting protein complement. The peptide digestate was analyzed by microcapillary reversed‐phase liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. Gas‐phase fractionation in the mass‐to‐charge range was employed to broaden the selection of precursor ions and increase the number of identifications in an effort to detect less abundant proteins. A total of 380 proteins were identified including all known lipid raft markers. A total of 91 (24%) proteins were classified as integral α‐helical membrane proteins, of which 51 (56%) were predicted to have multiple transmembrane domains.
Quantitative proteomic analysis of inorganic phosphate‐induced murine MC3T3‐E1 osteoblast cells
Authors: Conrads Kelly A. , Yu Li‐Rong , Lucas David A. , Zhou Ming , Chan King C. , Simpson Kerri A. , Schaefer Carl F. , Issaq Haleem J. , Veenstra Timothy D. , Beck George R. , Conrads Thomas P. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractCleavable isotope‐coded affinity tag (cICAT) reagents were utilized to identify and quantitate protein expression differences in control and inorganic phosphate‐treated murine MC3T3‐E1 osteoblast cells. Proteins extracted from control and treated cells were labeled with the light and heavy isotopic versions of cICAT reagents, respectively. The cICAT‐labeled samples were combined, proteolytically digested, and the cICAT‐derivatized peptides isolated using immobilized avidin chromatography. The cICAT‐labeled peptides were resolved into 96 fractions by strong cation‐exchange (SCX) liquid chromatography (LC). Analysis of the SCX‐LC cICAT peptide fractions by microcapillary reversed‐phase LC‐tandem mass spectrometry resulted in the identification and quantitation of 7227 unique peptides corresponding to 2501 proteins, or roughly 9% of the proteins currently predicted to be encoded by the mouse genome. A false positive analysis indicated a 98% confidence in the peptide identifications. To corroborate changes in abundance measured by cICAT with those detectable in traditionally prepared cell lysate, we chose to analyze cyclin D1. Cyclin D1 has been previously identified as a phosphate‐responsive gene and was likewise identified as a phosphate‐responsive protein in the current analysis. The 1.76‐fold increase in abundance in cyclin D1 determined from cICAT corresponds well with the 2.41‐fold increase as determined by Western blotting. These results demonstrate that quantitative proteomics is capable of providing a quantitative view of thousands of proteins in mammalian cells within a defined set of experiments.
Open‐tubular electrochromatographic characterization of synthetic peptides
Authors: Pesek Joseph J. , Matyska Maria T. , Dawson G. Brent , Chen Jenny I‐Chen , Boysen Reinhard I. , Hearn Milton T. W. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe open‐tubular electrochromatographic (OT‐CEC) migration behavior of a series of peptides, based on a common structural feature, has been characterized using two different types of chemically modified etched capillaries. The organic moieties immobilized onto the capillary inner surface were n‐butylphenyl and cholesterol‐10‐undecenaoate, respectively. The structure‐migration behavior of this set of peptides has been studied at several pH values and with methanol at different concentrations as an organic solvent modifier of the buffer electrolyte composition. By comparing the structural properties of the peptides, such as their amino acid sequences, charge‐to‐mass ratios and intrinsic hydrophobicities to their migrational behavior, the relative contribution of electrophoretic and chromatographic mobility to the overall migration times, elution order, and selectivity has been determined. Moreover, the experimental data provide important insight into procedures that can be used to modulate the separation of peptides in OT‐CEC through variation of the composition of the electrolyte buffer as well as via the properties of the bonded organic moiety.
Product stewardship in the flame retardant industry
Authors: TerHaar Gary L. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe products of the flame retardant industry are very important to the fire safety of the consumer. As with any product, there are issues that must be addressed by the producers and users to ensure the continued safe use of the materials. While most flame retardants are quite nonreactive and of low toxicity, the presence of them in the environment could threaten their future use. The producers and users alike should have the goal of keeping them out of the air, water and land. To this end, an aggressive product stewardship program is in order. This paper will review the steps needed to have a meaningful program. This activity should include evaluating the amount of material entering the air, water and land, deciding how to reduce that amount, putting in place practices to reduce the level and reporting to our stakeholders. By working together as producers and users, we can ensure that flame retardants will continue to save lives and have a long commercial future. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flame retardancy of nanocomposites
Authors: Okoshi Masayuki , Nishizawa Hitoshi 
Published: May 2004

AbstractNishizawa Technical Institute (NTI) and Kyoto Institute of Technology (KIT) have developed EVA‐clay nanocomposites with excellent mechanical and flame retardant properties by a reactive process and have succeeded in a novel method to synthesize an aluminium hydroxide nanoparticle, which has the effect of improving the flame retardancy of nanocomposites with EVA. About the EVA‐clay nanocomposites, the peak heat release rate (HRR) of sample MM2 (EVA‐clay partially processed nanocomposites) and sample MM3 (EVA‐clay completely processed nanocomposites) was reduced from 1/3 (one third) to 1/4 (one fourth) compared with EVA only. Sample AL‐1 (EVA‐aluminium nanocomposites) showed a more effective reduction of HRR than sample AL‐2 (EVA‐normal aluminium hydroxide). Beside these experiments, the orientation of the nanofiller MMT (montmorillonite) by a 2‐axis extruder equipped a special novel kneading roll head and the flame retardancy of silica nanocomposite coating materials (Sol‐Gel process) is discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parallel‐in‐time simulation of the unsteady Navier–Stokes equations for incompressible flow
Authors: Trindade J. M. F. , Pereira J. C. F. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractIn this paper, we present an application of a parallel‐in‐time algorithm for the solution of the unsteady Navier–Stokes model equations that are of parabolic–elliptic type. This method is based on the alternated use of a coarse global sequential solver and a fine local parallel one. A standard finite volume/finite differences first‐order approach is used for discretization of the unsteady two‐dimensional Navier–Stokes equations. The Taylor vortex decay problem and the confined flow around a square cylinder were selected as unsteady flow examples to illustrate and analyse the properties of the parallel‐in‐time method through numerical experiments. The influence of several parameters on the computing time required to perform a parallel‐in‐time calculation on a PC cluster was verified. Among them we have analysed the influence of the number of processors, the number of iterations for convergence, the resolution of the spatial domain and the influence of the time‐step sizes ratio between the coarse and fine grids. Significant computer time saving was achieved when compared with the single processor computing time, particularly when the spatial dimension of the problem is low and the temporal scale is large. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.