bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lineage specific treatment of adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in first remission with anti‐B4‐blocked ricin or high‐dose cytarabine
Authors: Szatrowski Ted P. , Dodge Richard K. , Reynolds Carol , Westbrook Carol A. , Frankel Stanley R. , Sklar Jeffrey , Stewart Carleton C. , Hurd David D. , Kolitz Jonathan E. , Velez‐Garcia Enrique , Stone Richard M. , Bloomfield Clara D. , Schiffer Charles A. , Larson Richard A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDAnti‐B4‐blocked ricin is an immunotoxin comprised of an anti‐CD19 murine monoclonal antibody (B4) conjugated to blocked ricin, which has cytotoxic activity in patients with lymphoid malignancies.METHODSAdults with untreated acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were treated with a previously developed and tested chemotherapeutic regimen. Patients with CD19 positive ALL were given anti‐B4‐blocked ricin as 2 7‐day continuous infusions 1 week apart. Patients with CD19 negative ALL received high‐dose cytarabine. Serial polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays of BCR‐ABL, immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH), and T‐cell receptor (TCR) genes were used to measure the impact of lineage specific intensification treatment on minimal residual disease.RESULTSEighty‐two adults were enrolled, and 78 were eligible. The median age was 34 years (range, 17–81 years). Sixty‐six patients (85%) achieved complete remission. Forty‐six patients received the anti‐B4‐blocked ricin, which generally was well tolerated; 80% were able to receive both courses. The most common toxicity was asymptomatic transient elevation of liver function tests in 72% of patients. Lymphopenia occurred in 46% of patients. Two patients developed antibodies to the anti‐B4‐blocked ricin. Molecular monitoring before and after the experimental course of intensification did not show a consistent change in the number of leukemia cells remaining, and the immediate posttreatment PCR studies did not correlate with remission duration.CONCLUSIONSIntensification therapy with anti‐B4‐blocked ricin is feasible for patients with CD19 positive ALL, although there is little evidence of an additional clinical benefit from the anti‐B4‐blocked ricin. Cancer 2003;97:1471–80. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11219
Prognostic index for patients with parotid carcinoma
Authors: Vander Poorten Vincent L. M. , Hart Augustinus A. M. , van der Laan Bernardus F. A. M. , de Jong Robert J. Baatenburg , Manni Johannes J. , Marres Henri A. M. , Meeuwis Cees A. , Lubsen Herman , Terhaard Chris H. J. , Balm Alfonsus J. M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDValidation of the prognostic indices for the recurrence‐free interval of patients with parotid carcinoma, the development of which was described in a previous report, is needed to be confident of their generalizability and justified prospective use.METHODSThe Dutch Cooperative Group on Head and Neck Cancer database contains 231 patients with parotid carcinoma from six tertiary referral centers who were seen between 1985–1994. This database was used to validate the predictive value of the prognostic indices, PS1 (pretreatment index predicting recurrence) and PS2 (posttreatment index predicting recurrence), in patients with parotid carcinoma. Validation methods included calculation of both indices for each patient, comparison of coefficients, construction of survival curves using the published cutoff points, and calculation of concordance measure C. Wald tests for optimization of scale and weights of the contributing variables, and for possible score improvement by including other variables, were also performed.RESULTSThe 5‐year disease‐free rate was 62% (standard error = 4%). PS1 was calculated for 183 patients. The previously set cutoff points resulted in 5‐year disease‐free rates that ranged from 92% (PS1 = 1) to 42% for the least favorable group (PS1 = 4). Concordance measure C was 0.74. The postoperative score, PS2, was calculated for 171 patients. Previous cutoff points resulted in 5‐year disease‐free rates that ranged from 90% (PS2 = 1) to 40% (PS2 = 4). Concordance measure C was 0.71. Both PS1 and PS2 did not improve using the findings in this independent material.CONCLUSIONSThe prognostic indices performed adequately in this validation sample. This finding demonstrates that the prognosis of a parotid carcinoma patient can be quantified by using a weighted combination of the parameters of age, pain, clinical T (cT) classification, clinical N (cN) classification, skin invasion, facial nerve dysfunction, perineural growth, and involved surgical margins. A quantified prognosis, in terms of the recurrence‐free interval, can be used to provide information to the patient, to perform clinical trials, and eventually to make clinical decisions. A user‐friendly translation and computerized calculation of the indices should be the next step toward generalized prospective use and repetitive evaluation of the indices. Cancer 2003;97:1453–63. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11254
Subzonal organization of olfactory sensory neurons projecting to distinct glomeruli within the mouse olfactory bulb
Authors: Levai Olga , Breer Heinz , Strotmann Jörg 
Published: March 2003

AbstractOlfactory sensory neurons located in the nasal neuroepithelium send their axons directly into the olfactory bulb, where they contact the dendrites of second‐order neurons in specialized spherical structures called glomeruli; each sensory neuron projects to a single glomerulus. All neurons expressing the same odorant receptor gene are confined to distinct zones within the epithelium and converge their axons onto a small number of common glomeruli. In the present study, we analyzed transgenic mouse lines in which the projection of a neuron population expressing a particular receptor gene can be visualized as a result of axonal markers that are coexpressed. The target glomeruli could thus reproducibly be identified and allowed to deposit retrograde tracers precisely. After an appropriate incubation time, olfactory sensory neurons within distinct areas of the olfactory epithelium were labeled. The two subpopulations of neurons retrogradely stained by differently colored fluorescent dyes deposited at the dorsal and the dorsomedial glomerulus, respectively, were found to be segregated within distinct areas of the expression zone, where the cells expressing the same receptor type displayed a stochastic distribution. J. Comp. Neurol. 458:209–220, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ultrastructural features of sprouted mossy fiber synapses in kindled and kainic acid‐treated rats
Authors: Cavazos José E. , Zhang Peisu , Qazi Romena , Sutula Thomas P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe mossy fiber pathway in the dentate gyrus undergoes sprouting and synaptic reorganization in response to seizures. The types of new synapses, their location and number, and the identity of their postsynaptic targets determine the functional properties of the reorganized circuitry. The goal of this study was to characterize the types and proportions of sprouted mossy fiber synapses in kindled and kainic acid‐treated rats. In normal rats, synapses labeled by Timm histochemistry or dynorphin immunohistochemistry were rarely observed in the supragranular region of the inner molecular layer when examined by electron microscopy. In epileptic rats, sprouted mossy fiber synaptic terminals were frequently observed. The ultrastructural analysis of the types of sprouted synapses revealed that 1) in the supragranular region, labeled synaptic profiles were more frequently axospinous than axodendritic, and many axospinous synapses were perforated; 2) sprouted mossy fiber synaptic terminals formed exclusively asymmetric, putatively excitatory synapses with dendritic spines and shafts in the supragranular region and with the soma of granule cells in the granule cell layer; 3) in contrast to the large sprouted mossy fiber synapses in resected human epileptic hippocampus, the synapses formed by sprouted mossy fibers in rats were smaller; and 4) in several cases, the postsynaptic targets of sprouted synapses were identified as granule cells, but, in one case, a sprouted synaptic terminal formed a synapse with an inhibitory interneuron. The results demonstrate that axospinous asymmetric synapses are the most common type of synapse formed by sprouted mossy fiber terminals, supporting the viewpoint that most sprouted mossy fibers contribute to recurrent excitation in epilepsy. J. Comp. Neurol. 458:272–292, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Not all butterfly eyes are created equal: Rhodopsin absorption spectra, molecular identification, and localization of ultraviolet‐, blue‐, and green‐sensitive rhodopsin‐encoding mRNAs in the retina of Vanessa cardui
Authors: Briscoe Adriana D. , Bernard Gary D. , Szeto Allan S. , Nagy Lisa M. , White Richard H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSurveys of spectral sensitivities, visual pigment spectra, and opsin gene sequences have indicated that all butterfly eyes contain ultraviolet‐, blue‐, and green‐sensitive rhodopsins. Some species also contain a fourth or fifth type, related in amino acid sequence to green‐sensitive insect rhodopsins, but red shifted in absorbance. By combining electron microscopy, epi‐microspectrophotometry, and polymerase chain reaction cloning, we found that the compound eye of Vanessa cardui has the typical ultrastructural features of the butterfly retina but contains only the three common insect rhodopsins. We estimated lambda‐max values and relative densities of the rhodopsins in the Vanessa retina (0.72, P530; 0.12, P470; and 0.15, P360) from microspectrophotometric measurements and calculations based on a computational model of reflectance spectra. We isolated three opsin‐encoding cDNA fragments that were identified with P530, P470, and P360 by homology to the well‐characterized insect rhodopsin families. The retinal mosaic was mapped by opsin mRNA in situ hybridization and found to contain three kinds of ommatidia with respect to their patterns of short wavelength rhodopsin expression. In some ommatidia, P360 or P470 was expressed in R1 and R2 opposed receptor cells; in others, one cell expressed P360, whereas its complement expressed P470. P530 was expressed in the other seven cells of all ommatidia. P470‐expressing cells were abundant in the ventral retina but nearly absent dorsally. Our results indicated that there are major differences between the color vision systems of nymphalid and papilionid butterflies: the nymphalid Vanessa has a simpler, trichromatic, system than do the tetrachromatic papilionids that have been studied. J. Comp. Neurol. 458:334–349, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ribosomal RNA transcriptional activation and processing in hamster rubrospinal motoneurons: Effects of axotomy and testosterone treatment
Authors: Storer Paul D. , Jones Kathryn J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractRubrospinal motoneurons (RSMN) represent a population of androgen receptor‐expressing central motoneurons with limited regenerative potential relative to their peripheral counterparts. A key determinant of regenerative capability lies in the nucleolar reaction of injured neurons. To date, characterization of the nucleolar reaction in injured central motoneurons has not been accomplished. Furthermore, it has been documented that testosterone propionate (TP) augments peripheral motoneuron regeneration through regulation of the nucleolar reaction to injury. In this study, the effects of injury alone, or in conjunction with TP, on the nucleolar response of injured RSMN were examined using in situ hybridization (ISH) techniques. Castrated adult male hamsters were subjected to right spinal cord hemisection at the C7/T1 vertebral level. Half the animals were subcutaneously implanted with one Silastic TP capsule, with the other half sham implanted. ISH for precursor 45S and mature 28S rRNA was accomplished with a 3H‐labeled ribosomal DNA probe specific to the external transcribed spacer region or to the 28S region of the ribosomal gene, respectively. Postoperative times of 2, 6, and 24 hours were selected for examination of precursor 45S rRNA (i.e., rRNA transcriptional activation) levels and 0.25, 2, 4, and 14 days for examination of mature rRNA (i.e., ribosome) levels. Transcriptional activation of the rRNA gene was rapidly and transiently increased in injured RSMN, analogously to previously documented effects of injury on rRNA transcription in peripheral motoneurons, but, in contrast, this did not translate into an increase in mature ribosomes. TP administration failed to affect positively the nucleolar response of injured RSMN at all. From this study, a key component underlying inherent differences in the regenerative capacity of peripheral vs. central motoneurons has been identified, which can be targeted in future experiments designed to enhance the regenerative potential of selective neuronal populations. J. Comp. Neurol. 458:326–333, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new approach for edge detection of noisy image based on CNN
Authors: Zhao Jianye , Wang Haiming , Yu Daoheng 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA new approach for edge detection of noisy image by cellular neural network (CNN) is proposed in this paper. In order to get the reasonable template, the statistical characteristics of image are utilized, and Gibbs image model is employed to describe the stochastic dependence of an edge pixel on its neighbourhood. Based on stochastic edge image models, edge detection of noisy image is equivalent to seeking a minimum of a cost function. If the template of CNN is designed carefully, the energy function can be mapped properly to the cost function of stochastic edge image model, then CNN can be used for seeking the minimum of cost function. Genetic algorithm is efficient in the field of optimization, and we also utilized this algorithm to get the correct form of template. The results of computer simulation confirm that the new approach is very effective. Furthermore, this result also confirms that we can design template for many different questions based on statistical image model, and the area of application of CNN will be widened. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of ThinPrep® monolayer technique and cytospin preparation in urine cytology: A comparative analysis
Authors: Nassar H. , Ali‐Fehmi R. , Madan S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe compared the ThinPrep® (TP) technique to the cytospin (CS) preparation in the cytological diagnosis of urine by processing 79 specimens by these two techniques. Ten cases were positive for malignancy (six high grade (HG)/carcinoma in situ; four low grade (LG) transitional cell carcinomas (TCC)). Forty‐eight cases were within normal limits (59%) and 21 cases had atypical cytological features (19%). The TP technique was better in terms of a cleaner background with fewer obscuring inflammatory cells and blood and with a more even distribution of cells. In general, the cytomorphology was comparable in both techniques. However, in cases with malignancy, CS was relatively superior in the cytomorphologic details; in TP, the diagnostic cells were mostly dispersed as single cells with loss of architectural features and were difficult to find. Artifactual empty spaces and air‐drying were more frequently present in TP. In cases contaminated with squamous cells, the urothelial cells were difficult to find in TP. Screening time was comparable for both techniques. In conclusion, to avoid false‐negative diagnosis, CS would be complementary to the TP technique in malignant cases and, in particular, those with low cellularity. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;28:115–118. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endothelial cell dysfunction in type I and II diabetes: The cellular basis for dysfunction
Authors: Pannirselvam Malarvannan , Anderson Todd J. , Triggle Chris R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractMicro‐ and macrovascular complications are the leading causes of mortality in Types I and II diabetes. Hyperglycemia results in increased advanced glycosylation end (AGE) products, oxidative stress, increased sorbitol levels, and increased activation of protein kinase C. These effects of hyperglycemia eventually lead to impaired endothelium‐dependent relaxation to vasoactive substances such as acetylcholine and bradykinin. Increased oxidative stress, which will reduce levels of nitric oxide (NO), and/or decreased bioavailability of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), a cofactor for endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), may lead to a phenomenon called “uncoupling” of eNOS and this leads to endothelial dysfunction. Uncoupled NOS produces superoxide anions which lead to a further reduction in NO bioavailability. Thus, restoring BH4 levels and antioxidant activity could prove to be novel approaches for the treatment of endothelial dysfunction in Type I and II diabetes. Drug Dev. Res. 58:28–41, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of sarcolemmal and mitochondrial KATP channels and EDHF‐mediated relaxation in coronary microarteries
Authors: Yang Qin , Zou Wei , Yim Anthony P.C. , Arifi Ahmed A. , He Guo‐Wei 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTo investigate the role of mitochondrial KATP (mitoKATP) channels in potassium channel opener (KCO)‐induced relaxation and its relationship with the endothelium‐derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF)‐mediated relaxation, isometric force was measured in porcine coronary microarteries (100–400 µm) mounted in a four‐channel myograph. In the rings precontracted with U46619 (−8 logM), in the presence of glibenclamide (GBC, 3 µM) or 5‐hydroxydecanoate (5‐HD, 100 µM), concentration–relaxation curves for KRN4884 or diazoxide were established. The EDHF‐mediated relaxation was induced by bradykinin (BK) in the presence of indomethacin (Indo), NG‐nitro‐L‐arginine (L‐NNA), and oxyhemoglobin (HbO). Both KRN4884 and diazoxide caused concentration‐dependent but endothelium‐independent relaxations. GBC but not 5‐HD inhibited these relaxations with increased EC50s (P<0.001). The EDHF‐mediated relaxation was unaffected by either GBC or 5‐HD but was reduced by the large and small conductance Ca2+‐activated K+ channel (KCa) blocker charybdotoxin and apamin. Thus, both KRN4884 and diazoxide cause endothelium‐independent vasorelaxation through opening sarcoKATP channels. While KCa channels play a role in mediating the EDHF‐mediated relaxation, neither sarcoKATP nor mitoKATP channels are likely involved in this vasculature. Drug Dev. Res. 58:90–95, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of the presence of the father on pup development in California mice (Peromyscus californicus)
Authors: Vieira Mauro L. , Brown Richard E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPup development and behavior in California mice were studied in litters housed with single mothers, or with fathers and mothers living together. Behavior of pups was recorded during a 15‐min session every 2 days from 10 to 30 days of age. Physical contact, locomotion, grooming, and physical development indicators were recorded. It was found that the physical contact between siblings was greater and there was a tendency to have more contact between pup and either parent in the group in which the father was present. Finally, it was noted that the presence of the father did not affect either the first appearance of pup behavior during development or physical growth. In conclusion, the results indicate that the presence of the father had a greater influence on social contact between the different members of the litter than on pup behavioral development and physical growth. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 42: 246–251, 2003.
Ethanol consumption by rat dams during gestation, lactation and weaning increases ethanol consumption by their adolescent young
Authors: Honey P. Lynne , Galef Bennett G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn two experiments, we examined effects of ethanol consumption in rat dams during gestation, lactation, and weaning on voluntary ethanol consumption by their adolescent young. We found that exposure to an ethanol‐ingesting dam throughout gestation, lactation, and weaning enhanced voluntary ethanol consumption by 26‐ to 33‐day‐old adolescents. We systematically examined effects on adolescent ethanol intake or requiring dams to drink ethanol during various periods in their pups' development. We found that exposure to an ethanol‐consuming dam during weaning enhanced adolescent ethanol consumption and exposure to a dam drinking ethanol during either gestation or while nursing enhanced adolescents' ethanol consumption only if pups also had access to ethanol during the weaning period. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 42: 252–260, 2003.
Behavioral inhibition and behavioral activation in young children: Relations with self‐regulation and adaptation to preschool in children attending Head Start
Authors: Blair Clancy 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe examine a parent‐report version of the measure of behavioral inhibition and behavioral activation of Carver and White (1994), the BIS/BAS scales. Participants included 42 children (mean age = 4 years, 9 months) attending Head Start programs. Information was collected on aspects of physiological and cognitive regulation, temperamental emotionality, BIS/BAS sensitivity, and teacher report of social competence and on‐task behavior in the classroom. Physiological regulation was assessed by cardiac vagal tone and was measured during a baseline period and during the administration of a mildly effortful cognitive task. Cognitive regulation was assessed by executive function and was measured using two tasks that require children to inhibit a prepotent response while remembering and executing the rule for correct responding. Parents reported on behavioral inhibition and behavioral activation and aspects of child negative emotionality associated with fear and anger. Results indicated that the BIS scale was positively related to teacher reported social competence but negatively related to on‐task behavior. Associations between the BIS and each of the outcome variables were independent of relations of physiological and cognitive regulation to outcomes and were present when relations between fearful emotionality and the outcomes were not. No relations were observed between any of the BAS scales and the outcome measures. Results recommend the application of neurobiological and psychophysiological approaches to the study of children's adaptation to preschool. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 42: 301–311, 2003.
Extending the table of stages of normal development of the axolotl: Limb development
Authors: Nye Holly L.D. , Cameron Jo Ann , Chernoff Ellen A.G. , Stocum David L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe existing table of stages of the normal development of the axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) ends just after hatching. At this time, the forelimbs are small buds. In this study, we extend the staging series through completion of development of the forelimbs and hindlimbs. Developmental Dynamics 226:000–000, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.