bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short review and prospective: chalcogenide glass mid-infrared fibre lasers
Authors: Seddon Angela B. , Farries Mark C. , Nunes Joel J. , Xiao Boyu , Furniss David , Barney Emma , Phang Sendy , Chahal Shweta , Kalfagiannis Nikolaos , Sojka Łukasz , Sujecki Slawomir 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRare-earth ion doped, silica glass, optical fibre amplifiers have transformed the world by enabling high speed communications and the Internet. Fibre lasers, based on rare-earth ion doped silica glass optical fibres, achieve high optical powers and are exploited in machining, sensing and medical surgery. However, the chemical structure of silica glass fibres limits the wavelength of laser operation to < 2.5 µm, which excludes the mid-infrared longer wavelength range of 3–50 µm. Rare-earth ion doping of fluoride glasses enables manufacture of fibre lasers up to a limiting 3.92 µm wavelength, but the fluoride glass chemical structure again prevents operation at longer wavelengths. Optical fibre lasers that are constructed from different rare-earth ion doped chalcogenide glass fibres will potentially operate across the 4–10 µm wavelength range, where suitable high-power lasers currently do not exist. We present a short review here of our recent work in achieving first time, continuous wave, mid-infrared fibre lasing beyond 5 μm wavelength in Ce3+-doped selenide chalcogenide fibre. We place this disruptive breakthrough into the wider fibre laser context, and also present the unprecedented advances in new cross-sector applications that will be enabled by mid-infrared fibre lasers in the 4–10 µm wavelength range. To surpass the few mW power output of the Ce3+-doped chalcogenide glass fibre lasing achieved to date, the glass quality of the doped chalcogenide fibres must now be improved, similar to the challenges originally facing the first glass fibre lasers based on silica.
Patterns of Cancer-Related Healthcare Access across Pennsylvania: Analysis of Novel Census Tract-Level Indicators of Persistent Poverty
Authors: Moss Jennifer L. , Geyer Nathaniel R. , Lengerich Eugene J. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:
Persistent poverty census tracts have had ≥20% of the population living below the federal poverty line for 30+ years. We assessed the relationship between persistent poverty and cancer-related healthcare access across census tracts in Pennsylvania.

Methods:
We gathered publicly available census tract-level data on persistent poverty, rurality, and sociodemographic variables, as well as potential access to healthcare (i.e., prevalence of health insurance, last-year check-up), realized access to healthcare (i.e., prevalence of screening for cervical, breast, and colorectal cancers), and self-reported cancer diagnosis. We used multivariable spatial regression models to assess the relationships between persistent poverty and each healthcare access indicator.

Results:
Among Pennsylvania's census tracts, 2,789 (89.8%) were classified as non-persistent poverty, and 316 (10.2%) were classified as persistent poverty (113 did not have valid data on persistent poverty). Persistent poverty tracts had lower prevalence of health insurance [estimate = −1.70, standard error (SE) = 0.10], screening for cervical cancer (estimate = −4.00, SE = 0.17) and colorectal cancer (estimate = −3.13, SE = 0.20), and cancer diagnosis (estimate = −0.34, SE = 0.05), compared with non-persistent poverty tracts (all P &lt; 0.001). However, persistent poverty tracts had higher prevalence of last-year check-up (estimate = 0.22, SE = 0.08) and screening for breast cancer (estimate = 0.56, SE = 0.15; both P &lt; 0.01).

Conclusions:
Relationships between persistent poverty and cancer-related healthcare access outcomes differed in direction and magnitude. Health promotion interventions should leverage data at fine-grained geographic units (e.g., census tracts) to motivate focus on communities or outcomes.

Impact:
Future studies should extend these analyses to other states and outcomes to inform public health research and interventions to reduce geographic disparities.
Predicting Lipid-Rich Plaque Progression in Coronary Arteries Using Multimodal Imaging and Wall Shear Stress Signatures
Authors: De Nisco Giuseppe , Hartman Eline M.J. , Torta Elena , Daemen Joost , Chiastra Claudio , Gallo Diego , Morbiducci Umberto , Wentzel Jolanda J. 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
Plaque composition and wall shear stress (WSS) magnitude act as well-established players in coronary plaque progression. However, WSS magnitude per se does not completely capture the mechanical stimulus to which the endothelium is subjected, since endothelial cells experience changes in the WSS spatiotemporal configuration on the luminal surface. This study explores WSS profile and lipid content signatures of plaque progression to identify novel biomarkers of coronary atherosclerosis.

METHODS:
Thirty-seven patients with acute coronary syndrome underwent coronary computed tomography angiography, near-infrared spectroscopy intravascular ultrasound, and optical coherence tomography of at least 1 nonculprit vessel at baseline and 1-year follow-up. Baseline coronary artery geometries were reconstructed from intravascular ultrasound and coronary computed tomography angiography and combined with flow information to perform computational fluid dynamics simulations to assess the time-averaged WSS magnitude (TAWSS) and the variability in the contraction/expansion action exerted by WSS on the endothelium, quantifiable in terms of topological shear variation index (TSVI). Plaque progression was measured as intravascular ultrasound-derived percentage plaque atheroma volume change at 1-year follow-up. Plaque composition information was extracted from near-infrared spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography.

RESULTS:
Exposure to high TSVI and low TAWSS was associated with higher plaque progression (4.00±0.69% and 3.60±0.62%, respectively). Plaque composition acted synergistically with TSVI or TAWSS, resulting in the highest plaque progression (≥5.90%) at locations where lipid-rich plaque is exposed to high TSVI or low TAWSS.

CONCLUSIONS:
Luminal exposure to high TSVI, solely or combined with a lipid-rich plaque phenotype, is associated with enhanced plaque progression at 1-year follow-up. Where plaque progression occurred, low TAWSS was also observed. These findings suggest TSVI, in addition to low TAWSS, as a potential biomechanical predictor for plaque progression, showing promise for clinical translation to improve patient prognosis.
A Problem in Augustine, Confessions 3.21
Authors: Panegyres Konstantine 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper reconsiders a problem raised by the verb substomachans in Augustine’s Confessions (3.21). Contrary to what has been argued by a recent scholar, the verb does not mean “to belch (out)”. Since the word only occurs once in the writings of Augustine, and only appears again in Latin in the derivative writings of Julian of Eclanum (C.Iul. imp. 6.16), there has always been some debate about its form and meaning. The verb is probably nothing more than a Latin calque (loan translation) of Greek ὑπαγανακτέω (“to be somewhat angry”).
Bendis, Deloptes and Asklepios: Reconsidering Reciprocal Formations of Iconography and Placement of Newcomer Cults in the Piraeus
Authors: Graml Constanze 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In the fifth century BCE, Athenians intensified the worship of non-Athenian and non-Greek deities, a fact which has resulted in massive scholarly attention (Garland 1992; Parker 1996; Neumann 2022). While the legal facet of this procedure has been extensively analysed (Parker 1996; 2011), the spatial aspect of the establishment of new cults – the ‘placemaking’ – has been mainly neglected. This article re-examines the placement of the cults of Asklepios, Bendis and Deloptes, commonly assumed to have been a healing hero and a paredros of Bendis. Based on the iconographical analysis of Piraean votive reliefs for these divinities in combination with the spatial and temporal setting of these attestations, I argue that the Athenians provided space for this first wave of officially accepted religious newcomers close to the Zea harbour. At the temenos, which is usually identified as the Asklepieion and its immediate surroundings, several originally non-Athenian cults were installed during the Peloponnesian War, making it an anchoring point for the divine new arrivals.
Site Locations on the Jutland Peninsula across the Late Funnel Beaker – Early Corded Ware Period Transition and Their Implications
Authors: Nielsen Simon Kjær 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The extent of spatial overlap between late Funnel Beaker (TRB) and early Corded Ware or ‘Single Grave’ finds has figured prominently in discussions of how the latter became established on the Jutland Peninsula after 2850 BCE. Working mainly from regional distribution maps and often framing the issue in terms of ‘territories’, decades of debate have focused not least on the question of whether elements of Corded Ware culture primarily arrived in this region with incoming migrants or whether the late TRB groups that already inhabited the region during the early 3rd millennium BCE played a central role in adopting a new tradition. Recently, the results of aDNA research have shifted the relevant questions from whether migration played a role to which role migration played, how it interacted with other factors and how both processes and outcomes varied. The task of answering these questions calls for local-scale analyses and for comparisons across cases and contexts. This article examines site locations and the more detailed location of burials, ritual structures and funerary monuments at specific sites within a 40 × 40 km large area in northern Jutland across the late TRB – early Corded Ware period transition. The results show a high degree of continuity in the location of cemeteries in the landscape, in some cases down to individual burials superposing one another, and this leads to a discussion of different scenarios that may explain the apparent correspondence across the general shift in burial customs. The results obtained in the selected area in northern Jutland are also compared with site locations in another part of the peninsula, i.e. the Horsens Fjord area in eastern-central Jutland, which has also been studied thoroughly recently and where a very different pattern is found (Madsen 2020). The article concludes by discussing the background of these two different patterns and the presumably rather different cultural processes that took place across the late TRB – early Corded Ware transition in these two areas.
Aflatoxin contamination of household stored grains for smallholder farmers in Dodoma, Tanzania
Authors: Kimario M.E. , Moshi A.P. , Ndossi H.P. , Kussaga J.B. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Aflatoxins are toxic and carcinogenic secondary metabolites, produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, which contaminate stored grains including maize, groundnuts and sunflower seeds and cause negative health effects to both humans and animals. The aim of this study was to determine the level of aflatoxins contamination of household stored grains (maize, groundnuts and sunflower seeds) in Dodoma, Tanzania. Immuno-affinity high performance liquid chromatography with post column derivatization was used to analyse AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2 and total aflatoxins in 45 samples. Out of 45 samples, 38% were contaminated with aflatoxins; the highest mean levels of total aflatoxins were observed in groundnuts (269 μg/kg) followed by maize (74.9 μg/kg) and lastly sunflower (0.2 μg/kg). About 27% of maize and 67% of groundnut samples had higher levels of AFB1 and total aflatoxins beyond the East African Community limits of 5 and 10 μg/kg, respectively. The mean moisture contents were 9.6% for maize, 4.1% for groundnuts and 5.7% for sunflower seeds. These moisture levels were far below the recommended safe storage moisture levels of 13.5% for maize, 8% for groundnuts and 10% for sunflower seeds. Such moisture levels would not allow mould growth and subsequent aflatoxins contamination. It suggests that contamination could have occurred in the field or during the drying stages before reaching the observed moisture levels. Therefore, there is a need to conduct further study to assess aflatoxin contamination in the field, during drying operations and storage to identify the critical stage for intervention. Moreover, farmers should be trained on best management and handling practices to prevent contamination.
هل يقدم القرآن مبادئ تأسيسية لأخلاق بيئية؟
Authors: حللي عبد الرحمن 
Published: February 2024

الخلاصة
‫تنحت هذه المقالة إجابة عن سؤال: ما المبادئ التي يمكن استمدادها من القرآن الكريم لتأسيس أخلاقيات بيئية؟ وهل يمكن أن نجد فيه أسسًا يُبنى موقف إسلامي من قضايا البيئة استنادًا إليها؟ انتهت الدراسة إلى تمييز أربعة مبادئ تعد منطلقات دينية للتنظير البيئي. الأول: اعتراف الإنسان بحدود علمه مقارنة بعلم الله المحيط (الإيمان بالغيب)، وهذا الإقرار العقدي هو المدخل الديني لعلاقة الإنسان بالطبيعة والعوالم. الثاني: مفهوم التسخير من حيث جعل القرآن منفعة المسخرات بما جُعلت عليه من نظام وتقدير وأن أي إخلال بنظامها لا يحقق الغرض مما سُخِّرت من أجله. الثالث: ملاحظة العلاقة التي جعلها الله بين الإنسان والطبيعة والخالق، وأن الجميع خاضع للخالق، ولا تنفك علاقة الإنسان مع الطبيعة عن علاقته مع الشريعة. الرابع: أن الانتفاع من المسخرات يكون باعتدال من غير إسراف. ويجمع المبادئ الأربعة وصف الأمانة كمصطلح أخلاقي صميم يعني بالضرورة أن الإنسان مسؤول في هذه الأرض عن الفساد (العدوان على الطبيعة) وسفك الدماء (العدوان على الشريعة).‬
Religions by Continent
Authors: Johnson Todd M. , Crossing Peter F. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
To supplement our global assessment of 18 religions in a previous article in this issue of the journal, here we offer analysis of religious affiliation by the globe and six continents: Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America, Northern America, and Oceania. Estimates of religious affiliation are made for four dates, 1970, 2000, 2023, and projections for 2030. We also contrast growth in two 30-year periods, 1970–2000 and 2000–2030. These global and continental tables are based on country data (World Religion Database). United Nations regional tables (e.g., Western Africa) can also be constructed from the country data.
The World by Religion
Authors: Johnson Todd M. , Crossing Peter F. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This article represents the results of analysis of data on religion for all of the countries of the world which appear in the World Religion Database (Johnson and Grim 2023). Data was collected at the national level from a number of sources including censuses, surveys, polls, religious communities, scholars, and others. After data collection and analysis, discrepancies were worked out and best estimates are made for each religion across a number of years. Results are presented for religionists and non-religionists as a whole as well as for each religious and non-religious category.
Religiosity in Russia: Decomposition into Age, Cohort and Period Effects
Authors: Fedotenkov Igor 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Are Russians religious? In this paper, religiosity in Russia (2011–2021) is decomposed into age, cohort and period effects using panel data analysis techniques. It is shown that age effects on religiosity are U-shaped: respondents are more religious when young or old with the minima at the age of 41–45 for women and 46–60 for men. The most religious cohorts in Russia were born in 1960–1980. There is a sharp decline in religiosity in younger generations. There is also a large gender religiosity gap in older generations: women are more religious than men. However, in younger cohorts, the gender religiosity gap closes. Time effects suggest that religiosity in Russia was increasing before 2016, while in 2016, a substantial decline occurred. Since 2016, there has been no growth in religiosity.
Democracy in China?
Authors: Dunn John 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
On what basis can the People’s Republic of China remain a legitimate regime? Its current legitimacy rests on an increasingly distant Revolution. It cannot reasonably hope to sustain this by seamless practical success in government. Is there an oecumenical criterion for legitimate political power or is all legitimacy just de facto? Shorn of its cosmological validation, Confucianism cannot offer an alternative parochial basis for legitimacy. Both territoriality and law now require procedurally credible popular consent. This argument is practical and patriotic as well as normative. It is unlikely to convince the leadership of the ccp, but History might in the end prove it right.
The Italian Rare Biliary tract Cancer initiative (IRaBiCa): A multicentric observational study of Gruppo Oncologico dell’Italia Meridionale (GOIM) in collaboration with Gruppo Italiano Colangiocarcinoma (GICO)
Authors: Speranza Desirèe , Sapuppo Elena , Aprile Giuseppe , Auriemma Alessandra , Bergamo Francesca , Bianco Roberto , Bordonaro Roberto , Brandi Giovanni , Brunetti Oronzo , Carnaghi Carlo , Ciliberto Domenico , Cinieri Saverio , Corallo Salvatore , De Vita Ferdinando , Di Donato Samantha , Ferraù Francesco , Fornaro Lorenzo , Barucca Viola , Giommoni Elisa , Lotesoriere Claudio , Luchini Claudio , Masini Cristina , Niger Monica , Pisconti Salvatore , Rapposelli Ilario Giovanni , Rimassa Lorenza , Rognone Chiara , Rodriquenz Maria Grazia , Corsini Lidia Rita , Santin Daniele , Scarpa Aldo , Scartozzi Mario , Soto Parra Hector , Tonini Giuseppe , Tortora Giampaolo , Tralongo Paolo , Silvestris Nicola 
Published: February 2024

Introduction: About 90% of cholangiocarcinomas are adenocarcinomas with glandular or tubular structures lined by epithelial cells, with no bile production and with a variable degree of differentiation, arising in the background of desmoplastic stroma. The remaining 10% is represented by rarer histological variants of which there is little knowledge regarding the biological behavior, molecular characterization, and sensitivity to the various possible therapies, including molecular-based treatments. Such rare tumors are described only in case reports or small retrospective series because of their exclusion from clinical trials. This national initiative, here presented, aims to address the following knowledge gap: a) how much does histological diversity translate into clinical manifestation variety? b) are those chemotherapy regimens, recommended for conventional biliary tract cancers, potentially active in rare variants? Therefore, epidemiological, pathological, and clinical characterization of series of rare biliary histotypes/variants, for which therapeutic and follow-up data are available, will be collected. Methods: An Italian task force on rare tumors of the biliary tract (IRaBiCa) has been created, whose initiative is a multicenter retrospective study involving 34 Italian cancer centers. Clinical data from approximately 100 patients will be collected and analyzed. Continuous variables will be presented as median ± standard deviation, while categorical variables will be expressed in terms of frequency. Kaplan-Maier analyses will be used to compare disease free, progression free and overall survival, according to the different histotypes. Conclusions: We expect to gather novel data on rare histotypes of biliary tract cancer that will be useful to support their molecular and immunological characterization.
A Systemic Review of the Difference Between Diets for Preterm Infants Containing Raw Mother’s Own Milk and Frozen or Pasteurized Mother’s Own Milk
Authors: Gomez Jessica Ann , Abela Karla , LoBiondo-Wood Geri 
Published: February 2024

Background: Raw, never stored or pasteurized mother’s own milk (MOM) is not always available to feed preterm infants; however, storage and pasteurization of MOM diminishes some bioactive components. It can be difficult to feed raw MOM to preterm infants due to transportation and storage of small volumes that might be pumped away from the infant, and a concern that they might harbor bacteria. However, the higher availability of bioactive components in raw MOM may provide benefits to preterm infants compared to frozen or pasteurized MOM. Research Aim: To systematically review and summarize the results of studies on feeding raw MOM versus frozen or pasteurized MOM to preterm infants born at less than 37 weeks of gestation. Methods: Four databases were searched (Cochrane, Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, and Web of Science) for this systematic review. Of 542 studies identified, nine met inclusion criteria and were critically evaluated using the quality assessment tool for quantitative studies by the Effective Public Health Practice Project. Studies were organized using the Breastfeeding Challenges Facing Preterm Mother–Infant Dyads theoretical framework. Results: Included studies evaluated the outcomes of preterm infants fed raw versus pasteurized MOM ( n = 7, 77.8%) or raw versus frozen MOM ( n = 2, 22.2%). Researchers found that raw MOM did not increase infant infections and may have improved health and growth outcomes for study participants. Conclusion: There is laboratory evidence supporting the safety and efficacy of the use of raw MOM for preterm infants. A raw MOM diet is recommended for preterm infants by professional organizations. Despite this, it may not be universally prioritized and could require purposeful implementation by each institution. Further research is needed to pursue the potential benefits of a raw MOM diet for preterm infants.
Evaluation of primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction: Comparison of CT-DCG and dacryoendoscopy in accurately localizing the lacrimal drainage obstructions
Authors: Zhang Wenyue , Li Lunhao , Zhang Leilei , Ding Yi , Liu Xueru , Ali Mohammad Javed , Xiao Caiwen 
Published: February 2024

Objective To correlate and evaluate the power and limitations of CT-DCG in determining the level and type of lacrimal duct obstruction in comparison to dacryoendoscopy in patients clinically suspected to be having partial or complete primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO). Methods A retrospective chart review was performed on 1232 lacrimal drainage systems of 957 patients who suffered from primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO) at Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital. Patients were examined with CT-DCG and correlated with dacryoendoscopy and the findings of clinical examination. Results Of the studied patients, 173 were men and 784 were women with an age range of 18–93 years. Of the 1232 lacrimal pathways, good CT-DCG images could be obtained in 980 cases and dacryoendoscopy in 957 cases. Of these complete obstructions were noted in 81% (794/980), and partial obstructions were identified in 19% (186/980) with CT-DCG. CT-DCG and dacryoendoscopy showed 68.4% agreement for the type of the obstruction and 63% for the level of the obstruction. The majority of the obstructions occurred at the sac-duct junction (62.5%) followed by the upper half of the nasolacrimal duct (27.5%). There was a significant difference in the correlation of the obstruction type with age group and with the duration of symptoms. As the duration of symptoms increased, the proportion of complete lacrimal duct obstructions as shown on CT-DCG images increased and the proportion of incomplete obstruction decreased ( p = 0.015). Conclusions The junction of lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct was the most common obstruction site. Age and the duration of symptoms influenced the type of obstruction noted. The degree and level of agreement between the investigations was moderate. A combination of CT-DCG and Dacryoendoscopy could together identify the location more accurately.