bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
All dielectric highly efficient achromatic meta-lens using inverse design optimization
Authors: Maher Abdullah , Swillam Mohamed A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis work presents a high-efficiency achromatic meta-lens based on inverse design with topology optimization methodology. The meta-lens design with high numerical aperture values (NA = 0.7, NA = 0.8, and NA = 0.9) optimized along wavelength range starts from 550 to 800 nm, then the direct solver along the full extended wavelength band from 400 to 800 nm that applied to the final optimized structures under the three conditions of the high numerical apertures have high focusing efficiency for the all conditions. The optimization problem is based on Kreisselmeier–Steinhauser (k-s) objective function, leading to approximately stable response over the broadband bandwidths of the three designs.
Evaluation of cell surface vimentin positive circulating tumor cells as a prognostic biomarker for stage III/IV colorectal cancer
Authors: Yu Jiazi , Yang Mian , Peng Tao , Liu Yelei , Cao Yuepeng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCurrently, little is known about the phenotypes of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), particularly epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes, and their impact on the prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. This study aims to investigate the CTC phenotypes and their prognostic implications in stage III/IV CRC. Patients who were diagnosed with CRC and underwent CTC detection at two hospitals were included. CTCs were detected using a mesenchymal CTC kit, and the clinical and pathological characteristics of CTCs were compared with those of cell surface vimentin-positive CTCs (CSV-CTCs). Disease-free survival (DFS) was assessed and used as an indicator of CTC phenotype-related prognosis. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were made to identify risk factors, and nomogram models were employed for prognostic prediction. A total of 82 patients were enrolled, with a CTC detection rate of 86.6%. Among the detected CTCs, 60% were CSV-CTCs. The CSV-CTC count showed a positive correlation with the T-stage, the M-stage, and the location of the primary tumor (P = 0.01, P = 0.014, and P = 0.01, respectively). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed that CSV-CTCs were associated with worse DFS in patients receiving first-line oxaliplatin chemotherapy (hazard ratio (HR) = 3.78, 95% CI 1.55–9.26, p = 0.04). When the cut-off value of the CSV-CTC count was 3, the optimal prognostic prediction was achieved. Compound models considering CSV-CTCs, TNM staging, the site of the primary tumor and the Ras gene status yielded the best results in both the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and the decision curve analysis (DCA). This study indicates that CSV-CTCs predominate in CTCs of CRC patients, and a count of CSV-CTCs ≥ 3 is an independent risk factor for worse prognosis.
Green synthesis, characterization, antibacterial, and antifungal activity of copper oxide nanoparticles derived from Morinda citrifolia leaf extract
Authors: Priya Manogar , Venkatesan Raja , Deepa Simon , Sana Siva Sankar , Arumugam Soundhar , Karami Abdulnasser M. , Vetcher Alexandre A. , Kim Seong-Cheol 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe green methodologies of nanoparticles with plant extracts have received an increase of interest. Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) have been utilized in a many of applications in the last few decades. The current study presents the synthesis of CuO NPs with aqueous extract of Morinda citrifolia as a stabilizing agent. The leaf extract of Morinda citrifolia was mixed with a solution of copper sulphate (CuSO4·5H2O) and sodium hydroxide as a catalyst. UV–visible spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, and EDAX analysis were performed to study the synthesized CuO NPs. Particle size distribution of the synthesized CuO NPs have been measured with dynamic light scattering. The CuO NPs synthesized were highly stable, sphere-like, and have size of particles from 20 to 50 nm. Furthermore, as-formed CuO NPs shown strong antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus), and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). CuO NPs revealed a similar trend was analysed for antifungal activity. The zone of inhibition for the fungi evaluated for Aspergillus flavus (13.0 ± 1.1), Aspergillus niger (14.3 ± 0.7), and Penicillium frequentans (16.8 ± 1.4). According to the results of this investigation, green synthesized CuO NPs with Morinda citrifolia leaf extract may be used in biomedicine as a replacement agent for biological applications.
Comparative study of posaconazole and voriconazole for primary antifungal prophylaxis in patients with pediatric acute leukemia
Authors: Tu Songji , Zhang Kunlong , Wang Ningling , Chu Jinhua , Yang Linhai , Xie Zhiwei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPosaconazole and voriconazole are commonly used for preventing invasive fungal disease (IFD), but few studies compared posaconazole with voriconazole for primary antifungal prophylaxis (PAP) in pediatric acute leukemia. To compare posaconazole with voriconazole for PAP in pediatric acute leukemia. This retrospective observational study enrolled pediatric patients with non-M3 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) between December 2017 and November 2019 in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University. The patients received voriconazole or posaconazole for PAP. The primary outcome was the breakthrough of IFD. The secondary outcome was the overall survival (OS) and IFD-free survival of patients. A total of the 275 patients were enrolled, of which 120 patients taking voriconazole (43.6%) and 155 patients taking posaconazole (56.4%). The breakthrough of IFD occurred in 19 (15.8%) patients taking voriconazole and in 12 (7.7%) patients taking posaconazole (P = 0.035). There was no significant differences in IFD-free survival (P = 0.336) or OS (P = 0.069) between the patients taking voriconazole and posaconazole. In the subgroup of AML patients, the OS of patients taking posaconazole was better than those receiving voriconazole (P = 0.017). Posaconazole and voriconazole were comparable for PAP in patients with pediatric acute leukemia regarding the OS and IFD-free survival, but posaconazole might achieve a lower IFD breakthrough rate.
Hyperuricemia remission after colorectal cancer surgery for colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Liu Fei , Huang Yin , Li Zi-Wei , Liu Xu-Rui , Liu Xiao-Yu , Lv Quan , Shu Xin-Peng , Li Lian-Shuo , Zhang Wei , Tong Yue , Zeng Meng-Hua , Peng Dong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate whether patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) combined with hyperuricemia remitted 1 year after CRC surgery. CRC patients combined with hyperuricemia who underwent radical surgery were included from a single clinical center from Jan 2016 to Dec 2021. Baseline characteristics was compared between the remission group and the non-remission group. Multivariate logistic regression was used to find the possible predictive factors of hyperuricemia remission. A total of 91 patients were included for data analysis, retrospectively. There were 34 (37.4%) patients in the remission group and 57 (62.6%) patients in the non-remission group. The mean preoperative weight and body mass index (BMI) were 61.2 ± 10.7 (kg) and 24.1 ± 3.3 (kg/m2). 21 (23.1%) patients had a history of drinking. We found that the weight and BMI were not significantly different before and 1 year after CRC surgery (P > 0.05). In contrast, uric acid values were significantly decreased (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, the outcomes showed there were no significant differences in the baseline characteristics between the remission and non-remission groups (P > 0.05). According to multivariate logistic regression, we found that the history of drinking was a predictive factor of hyperuricemia remission (OR = 0.046, 95% CI 0.005–0.475, P = 0.010). CRC patients with hyperuricemia had a 37.4% remission from hyperuricemia 1 year after CRC surgery. Tumor location, tumor stage, and tumor size did not predict the remission of hyperuricemia. Notably, the history of drinking was a predictive factor of hyperuricemia remission.
Akkermansia muciniphilaattenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by modulating the gut microbiota and SCFAs in mice
Authors: Shen Jian , Wang Shuting , Xia He , Han Shengyi , Wang Qiangqiang , Wu Zhengjie , Zhuge Aoxiang , Li Shengjie , Chen Hui , Lv Longxian , Chen Yanfei , Li Lanjuan 
Published: November 2023

Akkermansia muciniphila attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by modulating the gut microbiota and SCFAs in mice.
Prediction and analysis of genetic effect in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and gastroesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Chen Peipei , Xie Lubin , Ma Leikai , Zhao Xianda , Chen Yong , Ge Zhouling 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWith increasing research on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), more and more studies have indicated that GERD is associated with IPF, but the underlying pathological mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of the present study is to identify and analyse the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between IPF and GERD and explore the relevant molecular mechanisms via bioinformatics analysis. Four GEO datasets (GSE24206, GSE53845, GSE26886, and GSE39491) were downloaded from the GEO database, and DEGs between IPF and GERD were identified with the online tool GEO2R. Subsequently, a series of bioinformatics analyses are conducted, including Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and gene ontology (GO) enrichment analyses, the PPI network, biological characteristics, TF‐gene interactions, TF‐miRNA coregulatory networks, and the prediction of drug molecules. Totally, 71 genes were identified as DEGs in IPF and GERD. Five KEGG pathways, including Amoebiasis, Protein digestion and absorption, Relaxin signalling pathway, AGE‐RAGE signalling pathway in diabetic complications, and Drug metabolism ‐ cytochrome P450, were significantly enriched. In addition, eight hub genes, including POSTN, MMP1, COL3A1, COL1A2, CXCL12, TIMP3, VCAM1, and COL1A1 were selected from the PPI network by Cytoscape software. Then, five hub genes (MMP1, POSTN, COL3A1, COL1A2, and COL1A1) with high diagnostic values for IPF and GERD were validated by GEO datasets. Finally, TF‐gene and miRNA interaction was identified with hub genes and predicted drug molecules for the IPF and GERD. And the results suggest that cetirizine, luteolin, and pempidine may have great potential therapeutic value in IPF and GERD. This study will provide novel strategies for the identification of potential biomarkers and valuable therapeutic targets for IPF and GERD.
Serial Tissue Expansion and Skin Grafts in the Management of a Giant Congenital Nevus of the Face: Review of Literature and Case Report
Authors: Sơn Trần Thiết , Nghĩa Phan Tuấn , Dung Phạm Thị Việt , Thuý Tạ Thị Hồng , Anh Hoàng Tuấn , Huy Lê Anh 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGiant congenital nevi, especially on the head and neck, pose a challenge for plastic surgeons. This requires extensive experience in detailed planning, combining different techniques, and selecting appropriate materials for reconstruction. There have been reports of using a tissue expander, serial resection method, and full-thickness skin grafts for this type of nevus. However, the best way to completely remove a giant congenital nevus is endless. In this article, we would like to present a case of a left hemifacial giant congenital nevus in which we used multiple tissue expansion to fully replace the nevus, along with some of our modification techniques.
Nasal Osteotomies Revisited in Asians: Surface Aesthetics, Anatomical and Technical Considerations
Authors: Jeong Jae-Yong , Kim Taek-Kyun , Ku Inhoe , Najmiddinov Bakhtiyor 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background Although osteotomy is commonly performed in rhinoplasty, it is difficult for less experienced surgeon to understand mechanism of the procedure. The primary goal of this study is to improve understanding of nasal osteotomy in Asians by considering the surface aesthetics and anatomy of the nose as well as their relationships with the surgical procedure.
Methods Surface aesthetics, anatomic considerations, kinetics of medial and lateral osteotomy, fracture levels of osteotomy were discussed in detail by reviewing the previous publications and 18 years of our experience. Moreover, the technical details of osteotomy were explained and personal tips for performing successful osteotomy were described.
Results Dorsal and lateral aesthetic lines, dorsal and basal widths are main characteristics related to the surface aesthetics of nose to perform the osteotomy. In addition, these features are different in Asian population due to the anatomic difference with Caucasians, which makes the procedure difficult and requires more attention to perform osteotomy.
Conclusion Because osteotomy is one of the most traumatic and invasive part of the rhinoplasty, it is crucial for the rhinoplasty surgeon to understand the relationship between surface aesthetics and osteotomy techniques to produce consistent and reproducible results.
Analysis of Treatment Modalities for Advanced Stage Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Maxillary Sinus: A National Cancer Database Study
Authors: Lee Kue T. , Kleinbub Duncan , Gelves Camilo R. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Introduction Stage cT4a and cT4b squamous cell carcinomas (SCCa) typically require multimodal treatment with adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy. This study aims to evaluate the impact of different treatment modalities on survival outcomes in patients with stage cT4a-b SCCa exclusively of the maxillary sinus.
Methods A multivariate survival analysis was conducted, evaluating treatment modalities for patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2020 utilizing the National Cancer Database. Cox hazard regression was performed for variables.
Results The study identified a total of 1,788 patients with SCCa of the maxillary sinuses, of which 71.2% were cT4a. Increasing age, Charlson–Deyo score ≥ 1, and undifferentiated/anaplastic grade were associated with worse rates of survival. Multivariate analysis revealed that neoadjuvant treatment exhibited the lowest hazard ratio ([HR]: 0.574, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.370–0.892) across the entire cohort (cT4a-b). Neoadjuvant treatment plus surgery, adjuvant treatment plus surgery, and surgery alone demonstrated the highest adjusted 5-year survival for cT4a-b tumors. On the other hand, radiation alone exhibited the highest HR (1.939, 95% CI: 1.555–2.418) in multivariate analysis and the lowest adjusted 5-year survival.
Conclusion Multimodal treatment of advanced stage maxillary SCCa has a variable effect on outcomes by tumor stage. Our findings suggest that surgery plus neoadjuvant and surgery plus adjuvant treatment are associated with higher rates of survival. Increasing age, Charlson–Deyo score ≥ 1, and undifferentiated/anaplastic grade were associated with worse rates of survival. Further randomized controlled trials are required to quantify the therapeutic benefit of these treatments on survival and organ sparing in advanced stage disease.
Contralateral Endoscopic Approach for a Rare Case of Neuroglial Cyst
Authors: Singh Deepak Kumar , Sinha Kshitij , Singh Rakesh Kumar , Chand Vipin Kumar , Singh Neha , Singh Arun Kumar , Kumar Krishan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNeuroglial cysts are very rare benign lesions of the brain, accounting for up to 1% of all intracranial cysts. Various intracranial locations such as parenchyma, ventricles, subarachnoid spaces, and rarely the spinal cord have been reported. The clinical features vary according to the site of the cyst ranging from being asymptomatic to having headache, seizures, and hemiparesis. It is most commonly seen in infants and children but can be seen in adults too. This rare case is of a middle-aged woman presenting with complaints of headache and left-sided hemiparesis. We report a rare case of a right-sided neuroglial cyst for which a contralateral endoscopic approach was taken for the surgery. Endoscopic cyst fenestration is an ideal modality to treat neuroglial cyst. The contralateral endoscopic approach to treat neuroglial cyst is a better option with the advantage of minimal invasiveness along with better visualization of ventricles and easy maneuverability of the endoscope within the ventricles and surrounding anatomy.
The interaction between Nunation and English definiteness: the case of L1 Najdi and Hijazi speakers
Authors: Alzamil Abdulrahman 
Published: November 2023

AbstractVarious factors affect second language (L2) use of English. One of these is the first language (L1) influence on L2, in relation to the way L1 grammaticalises articles. Nunation is considered to be an Arabic indefinite article by a number of Arabic grammarians. Najdi and Hijazi are two major dialects spoken in Saudi Arabia. Najdi has nunation, while Hijazi does not. In English, Najdi and Hijazi articles are used when the context is definite, which means that the in English and al- in Arabic are used regardless of the specificity setting. The present study examined whether the presence of nunation would affect the target and non-target uses of articles. That is, would English articles be used in the same way by both Najdi and Hijazi speakers? The sample was composed of 56 elementary-level secondary school students, of whom 24 were native speakers of Najdi; 24 were native Hijazi speakers and 8 were native English speakers. A multiple-choice test was utilised to gather the data. The results showed that: (a) both experimental groups used the statistically similarly; (b) the Najdi speakers’ overused a*; (c) the Hijazi speakers overused ø*; (d) both groups showed sensitivity to the specificity setting; (e) the presence of nunation in the L1 affects L2 learners’ use of articles.
Search for the vulnerable giants: the presence of giant guitarfish and wedgefish in the Karimunjawa National Park and adjacent waters
Authors: Alghozali Faqih Akbar , Gustianto Muhammad Wiralaga Dwi , Hanifah Ashma , Nadia Maula , Widyastuti  , Prabhu Nauvan , Adhim Lufni Fauzil , Nurhaliza Khansa Alifa , Booth Hollie , Ichsan Muhammad , Prasetyo Andhika , Ichida Nesha 
Published: November 2023

Context Giant guitarfish (Family: Glaucostegidae) and wedgefish (Family: Rhinidae) (Critically Endangered, IUCN Red List and CITES Appendix II) are highly exploited throughout their distribution because of their highly valued fins in the international market. Both are commonly caught as bycatch or secondary valuable catch in the Java Sea, including in Karimunjawa National Park, Central Java, Indonesia. Aims Assess the presence and relative abundance of giant guitarfish and wedgefish species in Karimunjawa National Park and adjacent waters. Methods Data were collected using baited remote underwater video (BRUV) surveys across 40 sites, covering multiple zonation areas and depth ranges. All species were identified to the species level and their relative abundance was tested with one-way PERMANOVA based on sites, zonation areas and depths. Key results Two target species, Glaucostegus typus and Rhynchobatus australiae, were present in the study area with a maximum number of 3 and 6 and relative abundance of 0.0048 and 0.0096 respectively, over 477 BRUVs and 623.9 h of videos. Their presence during the study was not affected by sites, zonations or depth. Implications The presence and relative abundance of both G. typus and R. australiae were low, which may be a result of decades of overfishing, and have provided the first information to the urgency of managing the species in the areas.
Introduced house sparrows (Passer domesticus) have greater variation in DNA methylation than native house sparrows
Authors: Lauer M Ellesse , Kodak Haley , Albayrak Tamer , Lima Marcos R , Ray Daniella , Simpson-Wade Emma , Tevs David R , Sheldon Elizabeth L , Martin Lynn B , Schrey Aaron W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As a highly successful introduced species, house sparrows (Passer domesticus) respond rapidly to their new habitats, generating phenotypic patterns across their introduced range that resemble variation in native regions. Epigenetic mechanisms likely facilitate the success of introduced house sparrows by aiding particular individuals to adjust their phenotypes plastically to novel conditions. Our objective here was to investigate patterns of DNA methylation among populations of house sparrows at a broad geographic scale that included different introduction histories: invading, established, and native. We defined the invading category as the locations with introductions less than 70 years ago and the established category as the locations with greater than 70 years since introduction. We screened DNA methylation among individuals (n = 45) by epiRADseq, expecting that variation in DNA methylation among individuals from invading populations would be higher when compared with individuals from established and native populations. Invading house sparrows had the highest variance in DNA methylation of all three groups, but established house sparrows also had higher variance than native ones. The highest number of differently methylated regions were detected between invading and native populations of house sparrow. Additionally, DNA methylation was negatively correlated to time-since introduction, which further suggests that DNA methylation had a role in the successful colonization’s of house sparrows.
Osteoporosis
Authors: Smith Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Osteoporosis is defined as a ‘reduction in the amount of bone per unit volume without any change in its composition’. Although it is simple to provide a definition, osteoporosis can be difficult to diagnose, especially when the reduction of bone mass is small. There are two additions to this definition. The first defines osteoporosis as a ‘reduction in bone mass by more than two standard deviations (SD) below the mean for a young adult population (i.e. at the time of peak bone mass)’; the second defines osteoporosis as a ‘reduction in the amount of bone sufficient to predispose to fracture’. (Since there are many causes of fracture, such as falls, which are independent of osteoporosis, this is necessarily imprecise). The term osteopenia, i.e. a reduction in the amount of bone, has an attraction for some. It defines the initial phases of bone loss, without structural failure, when prevention is likely to be most successful.
The relationship of elderly women to their doctors
Authors: Sidell Moyra 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Women, and particularly elderly women, have a lot to do with doctors, Women live longer than men, but unfortunately this is not without cost to them, Nathanson’s claim that ‘women get sick, but men die’1 is borne out by morbidity statistics, which show that women’s greater longevity results in the accumulation of chronic diseases and conditions th.at, although not life-threatening, are likely to be symptomatic. Elderly women frequently experience bereavement, which can result in a good deal of emotional pain and sometimes psychological disturbance. The obvious person to tum to for help for these various physical, psychological, and social syrnptoms is the GP, and women do consult their GPs more than do men at any age-group.
Infections of the central nervous system
Authors: Southgate Lesley , Lockie Cameron , Heard Shelley , Wood Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The three major groups of infections of the central nervous system: meningitis, encephalitis, and focal suppurative disease-all require urgent therapy if scriou sequaclae are to be avoided. This therapy will almost always need to be undertaken in hospital and, hence, the principal requirement of the general practitioner is the ability to recognize the danger signals that should urge prompt referral. The importance of these infections stems from their catastrophic effect if they are mismanaged rather than their frequency, bul as they all present in primary care they are described in some detail here.