bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple pulmonary nodules: An unusual presentation of fludarabine pulmonary toxicity: Case report and review of literature
Authors: Garg Sandeep , Garg Manisha S. , Basmaji Neil 
Published: October 2002

AbstractFludarabine monophosphate, a purine analogue is used in the treatment of lymphoid malignancies. A 73‐year‐old woman presented with fever and cough 2 weeks after completing the third cycle of fludarabine for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Chest roentgenogram showed multiple pulmonary nodules. Pulmonary histopathology demonstrated a mononuclear interstitial infiltrate without evidence of malignant, infectious, granulomatous, or vascular causes. Her symptoms and pulmonary nodules resolved following treatment with corticosteroids. To our knowledge, four cases of interstitial pneumonitis associated with fludarabine have been reported in medical literature. Fludarabine induced lung toxicity must be considered in all patients who develop unexplained lung disease while receiving fludarabine. It is reversible with discontinuation of drug and administration of corticosteroids. This case extends the spectrum of fludarabine pulmonary toxicity to include pulmonary nodules. Am. J. Hematol. 70:241–245, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cardiac abnormalities in children with sickle cell anemia
Authors: Batra Anjan S. , Acherman Ruben J. , Wong Wing‐yen , Wood John C. , Chan Linda S. , Ramicone Emily , Ebrahimi Mahmood , Wong Pierre C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSickle cell anemia (SCA) results in chronic volume overload of the heart due to hemodilution. Previous echocardiographic studies of cardiac function in children with SCA have not accounted for these abnormal loading conditions. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine how the degree of anemia and transfusion status relate to cardiac findings and (2) evaluate cardiac function using load‐independent parameters of function. We evaluated 77 patients with SCA, ages 2 to 22 years (mean ± SD = 11.7 ± 4.7), using physical examination, electrocardiography, and echocardiography. We compared two groups of patients. Group 1 consisted of 57 non‐transfused patients, and Group 2 consisted of 20 patients on a chronic transfusion protocol. Group 1 patients exhibited a significantly lower hemoglobin, higher cardiac output, and larger left ventricular (LV) end‐diastolic dimension and LV mass than groups 2 (P < 0.05). However, the velocity of circumferential fiber shortening‐wall stress index (a load‐independent measure of systolic function) was normal and not statistically different between the two groups. Conversely, the LV myocardial performance index (a measure of combined systolic and diastolic function) was significantly higher in Group 2 (P < 0.001), possibly indicating impaired myocardial diastolic function. SCA in children results in a volume‐overloaded heart with a significant increase in LV dimensions and mass, both proportional to the degree of anemia. Despite these abnormal loading conditions, systolic function is preserved. Patients on a chronic transfusion protocol may develop diastolic dysfunction despite iron chelation therapy. Am. J. Hematol. 70:306–312, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Historical risks of tuberculin skin test conversion among non‐physician staff at a large urban hospital
Authors: Miller Aubrey K. , Tepper Allison , Sieber Karl 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundNosocomial transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis among workers at a 1000‐bed inner‐city hospital led to an extensive evaluation of this risk among workers with potential exposure to TB patients or laboratory specimens.MethodsRetrospective cohort study to determine the incidence and risk of tuberculin skin test (TST) conversions among workers employed 1/1/90 to 9/30/92.ResultsPersonal, community, and occupational risk factors were evaluated in 2,362 workers with potential M. tuberculosis exposure and 886 workers with no known exposure. The 33‐month cumulative rate of TST conversion was 5.8% for potentially exposed workers and 2.0% for controls (RR 3.6; 95% CI; 2.2–5.8). Among workers with potential M. tuberculosis exposure, statistically significantly elevated risks were found for nurses, laboratory technicians, pharmacy workers, phlebotomists, housekeepers, clerks, emergency room workers, and emergency responders.ConclusionsWorkers with patient contact and those employed in certain occupational groups were at increased risk for occupational M. tuberculosis infection. Am. J. Ind. Med. 42:228–235, 2002. Published 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mitochondrial diabetes: Pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and genetic analysis
Authors: Maassen J. Antonie 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis study provides a compact overview on the most common form of the maternally inherited diabetes and deafness syndrome (MIDD) that associates with an A–G mutation in mitochondrial DNA at position 3243 in the tRNA(Leu,UUR) gene. The pathobiochemistry and pathophysiology is discussed. The mutation leads predominantly to a reduced insulin secretion by beta cells in response to glucose stimulation, however, without marked involvement of autoimmune processes as seen in type 1 diabetes mellitus. The underlying biochemical mechanism leading to beta cell dysfunction is discussed. Furthermore, the clinical presentation of the disease is summarized as are the methods to detect the A3243G mutation, particular in view of the often low levels of heteroplasm of the A3243G mutation. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Developmental field defects: Coming together of associations and sequences during blastogenesis
Authors: Hersh Joseph H. , Angle Brad , Fox Terry L. , Barth Rolf F. , Bendon Robert W. , Gowans Gordon 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe report on two patients with an unusual combination of multiple congenital anomalies including holoprosencephaly, encephalocele, and additional defects commonly observed in the VACTERL and schisis “associations.” One of the infants had a chromosome abnormality characterized by partial duplication and deletion of chromosome 18. VACTERL association was characterized recently as a primary developmental field defect (DFD) [Martínez‐Frías et al., 1998: Am J Med Genet 76:291–296]. In some cases, sequences may also represent uncomplicated DFDs. We suggest that findings in both of these cases represent abnormalities of blastogenesis involving the primary field resulting in holoprosencephaly and VACTERL and schisis anomalies, and show that similar primary DFDs are causally heterogeneous. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Choanal atresia: The result of maternal thyrotoxicosis or fetal carbimazole?
Authors: Barwell Julian , Fox Grenville F. , Round Jonathan , Berg Jonathan 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe present the fourth published case of a child affected with choanal atresia following maternal treatment with carbimazole. The mother was receiving her highest dose of carbimazole at the crucial period for development of the choanae, between days 35 and 38. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exclusion of PITX2 mutations as a major cause of CHARGE association
Authors: Martin Donna M. , Probst Frank J. , Fox Sharon E. , Schimmenti Lisa A. , Semina Elena V. , Hefner Margaret A. , Belmont John W. , Camper Sally A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractCHARGE is a nonrandom association of ocular coloboma, congenital heart defects, atresia of the choanae, retarded growth and development, genital hypoplasia, and ear anomalies including deafness. The cause of CHARGE remains unknown; however, there is considerable evidence of an underlying genetic basis, as discussed by Tellier et al. [1996: Clin Genet 50:548–550; 1998: Am J Med Genet 76:402–409] and by Martin et al. [2001: Am J Med Genet 99:115–119]. Based on the ocular, cardiac, and craniofacial expression pattern of Pitx2, a homeodomain transcription factor, and the pleiotropic effects of loss of PITX2 function in both mouse and human, we hypothesized that PITX2 mutations may contribute to the multiple phenotypic anomalies present in CHARGE individuals. By direct sequencing of DNA from 29 individuals with CHARGE, we did not identify any mutations in PITX2. We did, however, identify two PITX2 sequence polymorphisms. Large deletions of PITX2 were excluded in most patients by heterozygosity in at least one of several polymorphic markers near the PITX2 locus. Together, these data indicate that PITX2 mutations are unlikely to be a major contributing cause of the multiple anomalies present in individuals with CHARGE. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Duplication of 8p23.2: A benign cytogenetic variant?
Authors: Harada Naoki , Takano Jun , Kondoh Tatsuro , Ohashi Hirofumi , Hasegawa Tomonobu , Sugawara Hirobumi , Ida Tomoko , Yoshiura Ko‐ichiro , Ohta Tohru , Kishino Tatsuya , Kajii Tadashi , Niikawa Norio , Matsumoto Naomichi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe describe a duplication of the 8p23.2 band in seven individuals from four families. The duplication was recognizable as an enlarged 8p23.2 band on G‐banded chromosomes at the 550 band level. It was transmitted from a parent to offspring in three of the four families in which both parents were karyotyped. Each proband in the four families had the enlarged band and showed various phenotypic abnormalities, but the abnormalities were inconsistent. Chromosomal and interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of the enlarged band region defined a 2.5‐Mb duplicated segment common to all seven individuals studied. Interphase FISH analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes from 50 unrelated normal individuals showed the duplication in three individuals. In view of these findings, it is most likely that the 8p23.2 duplication we described is a normal variant. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Norepinephrine transporter and α2c adrenoceptor allelic variants and personality factors
Authors: Tsai Shih‐Jen , Wang Ying‐Chieh , Hong Chen‐Jee 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIt has been suggested that reward dependence, as measured by the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ), is related to central noradrenergic activity, a proposition supported by two studies of urinary norepinephrine metabolite. In the current investigation, 190 normal young Han Chinese were examined, with genetic polymorphisms determined for the norepinephrine transporter (1287G/A) and the α2c‐adrenoceptor (Del322–325) to test the association with TPQ personality traits. No significant association was demonstrated for these two polymorphisms and any of the TPQ personality‐factor scores, including reward dependence and its subscales. Our negative findings suggest that the investigated polymorphisms of the norepinephrine transporter and the α2c adrenoceptor do not play a major role in the reward‐dependence personality trait as assessed by TPQ. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mineral content as a basis for food selection by western lowland gorillas in a forest clearing
Authors: Magliocca Florence , Gautier‐Hion Annie 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe forests in northwest Republic of Congo contain a number of herbaceous swamp clearings that provide foraging sites for lowland gorillas (G.g. gorilla). A 10‐month study at the Maya Nord clearing (Parc National d'Odzala) showed that feeding activities occupied 72% of the time visiting gorillas spent on the clearing. They fed on four plant species: Enydra fluctuans (Asteraceae), Cyperus sp., Pycreus mundtii, and Rhynchospora corymbosa (Cyperaceae) among the 45 species recorded on the clearing. These clearing food species have higher mineral contents (especially Na and Ca) than the dominant Marantaceae species (Haumania liebrechtsiana) that constituted a staple food plant for gorillas in this forest. They also have higher potassium contents and contain less lignin than non‐eaten clearing items/species. Finally, the most actively searched for clearing food (Enydra fluctuans) was characterized by the highest amount of Na and Ca. These results suggest that the mineral content (especially in Na, Ca, and/or K) could determine the feeding selectivity of gorillas at the clearing. They also tend to confirm that the amount of fiber plays a deterrent role in food selectivity, as has been found by many authors. The high density of gorillas in that region could result from the combination of the large areas of Marantaceae forests that provide abundant though monotonous food, and the number of clearings that provide sufficient mineral supplies. Clearings should thus be considered as key habitats for the conservation of gorillas. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Origins of primate locomotion: Gait mechanics of the woolly opossum
Authors: Schmitt Daniel , Lemelin Pierre 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe locomotion of primates differs from that of other mammals in three fundamental ways. During quadrupedal walking, primates use diagonal sequence gaits, protract their arms more at forelimb touchdown, and experience lower vertical substrate reaction forces on their forelimbs relative to their hindlimbs. It is widely held that the unusual walking gaits of primates represent a basal adaptation for movement on thin, flexible branches and reflect a major change in the functional role of the forelimb. However, little data on nonprimate arboreal mammals exist to test this notion. To that end, we examined the gait mechanics of the woolly opossum (Caluromys philander), a marsupial convergent with small‐bodied prosimians in ecology, behavior, and morphology. Data on the footfall sequence, relative arm protraction, and peak vertical substrate reaction forces were obtained from videotapes and force records for three adult woolly opossums walking quadrupedally on a wooden runway and a thin pole. For all steps recorded on both substrates, woolly opossums always used diagonal sequence walking gaits, protracted their arms beyond 90° relative to horizontal body axis, and experienced peak vertical substrate reaction forces on forelimbs that were significantly lower than on hindlimbs. The woolly opossum is the first nonprimate mammal to show locomotor mechanics that are identical to those of primates. This case of convergence between primates and a committed fine‐branch, arboreal marsupial strongly implies that the earliest primates evolved gait specializations for fine‐branch locomotion, which reflect important changes in forelimb function. Am J Phys Anthropol 118:231–238, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigation of the link between visceral surface rib lesions and tuberculosis in a Medieval skeletal series from England using ancient DNA
Authors: Mays S. , Fysh E. , Taylor G.M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSeven human skeletons from a large assemblage from a rural English Medieval burial site show lesions, predominantly proliferative in nature, on the visceral surfaces of the ribs. In order to investigate whether these rib lesions were regularly associated with tuberculous infection, these individuals, together with a group of age‐ and sex‐matched control skeletons without bony signs of infection, were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays aimed at detecting traces of DNA from infecting microorganisms of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. The results provided no evidence for any regular association between visceral surface rib lesions and the presence of M. tuberculosis complex DNA in the study group. The significance of these findings for the paleopathological interpretation of visceral surface rib lesions is discussed. Am J Phys Anthropol 119:27–36, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mitochondrial DNA C4171A/ND1 is a novel primary causative mutation of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy with a good prognosis
Authors: Kim Ji Yeon , Hwang Jeong‐Min , Park Sung Sup 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA novel mitochondrial DNA C4171A mutation in the ND1 gene in two Korean families with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy is described. All affected patients recovered spontaneously after suffering months to years of initial visual loss. This mutation replaces leucine with methionine in a conserved extramembrane loop of the ND1 gene and was absent in 514 normal controls and in 63 Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy lineages harboring the primary mutations. We consider mitochondrial DNA C4171A/ND1 a primary causative mutation of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy with a good prognosis.
A nonischemic forearm exercise test for McArdle disease
Authors: Kazemi‐Esfarjani Pedram , Skomorowska Elwira , Dysgaard Jensen Tina , Haller Ronald G. , Vissing John 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIschemic forearm exercise invariably causes muscle cramps and pain in patients with glycolytic defects. We investigated an alternative diagnostic exercise test that may be better tolerated. Nine patients with McArdle disease, one with the partial glycolytic defect phosphoglycerate mutase deficiency, and nine matched, healthy subjects performed the classic ischemic forearm protocol and an identical protocol without ischemia. Blood was sampled in the median cubital vein of the exercised arm. Plasma lactate level increased similarly in healthy subjects during ischemic (Δ5.1 ± 0.7mmol L−1) and non‐ischemic (Δ4.4 ± 0.3) tests and decreased similarly in McArdle patients (Δ−0.10 ± 0.02 vs Δ−0.40 ± 0.10mmol L−1). Postexercise peak lactate to ammonia ratios clearly separated patients and healthy controls in ischemic (McArdle, 4 ± 2 [range, 1–12]; partial glycolytic defect phosphoglycerate mutase deficiency, 6; healthy, 33 ± 4 [range, 17–56]) and non‐ischemic (McArdle, 5 ± 1 [range, 1–10]; partial glycolytic defect phosphoglycerate mutase deficiency, 5; healthy, 42 ± 3 [range, 35–56]) protocols. Similar differences in lactate to ammonia ratio between patients and healthy subjects were observed in two other work protocols using intermittent handgrip contraction at 50% and static handgrip exercise at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction force. All patients developed pain and cramps during the ischemic test, and four had to abort the test prematurely. No patient experienced cramps in the non‐ischemic test, and all completed the test. The findings indicate that the diagnostic ischemic forearm test for glycolytic disorders should be replaced by an aerobic forearm test.
Peripheral F2‐isoprostanes and F4‐neuroprostanes are not increased in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Montine Thomas J. , Quinn Joseph F. , Milatovic Dejan , Silbert Lisa C. , Dang Theresa , Sanchez Stephanie , Terry Erin , Roberts L. Jackson , Kaye Jeffrey A. , Morrow Jason D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractQuantitative biomarkers of oxidative damage, such as the F2‐isoprostanes (IsoPs) and F4‐neuroprostanes (F4‐NeuroPs), may be useful in assessing progression and response to therapeutics in patients with Alzheimer's disease. F2‐IsoPs and F4‐NeuroPs are reproducibly increased in brain and cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer's disease patients; however, results in blood and urine have been conflicting. We tested the hypothesis that F2‐IsoPs and F4‐NeuroPs in plasma or urine quantitatively reflect oxidative damage to the central nervous system. Our results showed that urine levels of F2‐IsoPs or their major metabolite were not significantly different between 56 Alzheimer's disease patients and 34 controls. In addition, urine and cerebrospinal fluid F2‐IsoP levels in 32 Alzheimer's disease patients did not correlate. Supporting these conclusions, elevated rat cerebral F2‐IsoPs and F4‐NeuroPs after systemic exposure to kainic acid were not associated with a significant change in their plasma or urine levels. These results show that plasma and urine F2‐IsoPs and F4‐NeuroPs do not accurately reflect central nervous system levels of these biomarkers and are not reproducibly elevated in body fluids outside of central nervous system in Alzheimer's disease patients. These results should guide the organization of clinical trials now being planned for patients with Alzheimer's disease.
Synthesis, structure, and properties of the addition products bis[p‐(2,3‐epoxypropyl)thiophenyl]methane with methacrylic acid
Authors: Charmas Władysław , Nowak Janina , Majewski Władysław 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe synthesis of bis(thiophenol‐F) glycidyl methacrylate (BIS‐GMTF) by the addition reaction between epoxide resin and methacrylic acid is described. The reaction was carried out without a solvent (in the alloy) and with the solvent (xylene). The reaction kinetics between the epoxide and carboxyl group during the BIS‐GMTF reaction was observed by chemical analytical methods and infrared radiation (IR). The esterification is a second‐order reaction at temperatures >45°C in the alloy and 70°C in the solvent. The spectroscopic characteristics of unsaturated BIS‐GMTF resin were determined from IR, 1H‐NMR, and 13C‐NMR spectra. Epoxymethacrylate was subjected to photocuring, with the addition of IRGACURE 651, with a high‐pressure mercury lamp in an oxygen‐free atmosphere. The cured foil was subjected to thermal, thermomechanical, and mechanical investigations. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 1806–1813, 2002
Simple chemical polymerization method for deposition of conducting polyaniline on surface of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
Authors: Patil R. , Matveeva E. , Parkhutik V. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA simple method of depositing a uniform layer of polyaniline (PANI) on the surface of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) is described. The method consists of two steps, in which the first step is composed of soaking of ABS in aniline solution, and the second step consists of polymerization of aniline absorbed inside the ABS matrix by an oxidant. The ABS surface is seen to be completely masked by the PANI layer when it is coated from solution containing 10 or 15% of aniline. The surface resistance of the ABS plate, which is coated from a solution containing 15% aniline, shows resistance of 30 kΩ and rises up to 400 kΩ as concentration of aniline in the solution is decreased to 5%. From scanning electron micrographs, a granular growth of PANI is noticed on the ABS surface. Thermal gravimetry–mass spectroscopy data reveal that coating the ABS plate with PANI does not weaken an ABS matrix. The adherence of PANI on the ABS surface is explained on the basis of interaction between the aniline and cyano group from the acrylonitrile moiety of ABS. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 1904–1910, 2002
Synthesis of di(4‐hydroxyl benzophenone) sebacate and its usage as initiator in the photocrosslinking of polyethylene
Authors: Wu Qianghua , Qu Baojun 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA new benzophenone (BP) derivative with a long carbon chain and two chromophoric groups—di (4‐hydroxyl benzophenone) sebacate (BP‐S) used as a photoinitiator in the photocrosslinking of polyethylene (PE) has been synthesized and characterized by ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The kinetic characteristics of BP‐S photoinitiated crosslinking of PE in the melt and its compatibility with PE resin have been examined by gel content measurement and thermal migration experiment. The results show that BP‐S is an excellent photoinitiator, which has better compatibility, less volatility, higher photoinitiating efficiency, and longer storage time than BP itself. It is promising for industrial applications of the photocrosslinking of polyolefins. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 1581–1586, 2002;
Polyaniline coated on aluminum (Al‐2024‐T3): Characterization and electrochemical studies
Authors: Shah Kunal G. , Akundy Gouri S. , Iroh Jude O. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA polyaniline coating was deposited onto an Al‐2024‐T3 substrate using oxalic acid as electrolyte. Both galvanostatic and potentiostatic techniques were used to deposit polyaniline on aluminum under aqueous conditions. The dc polarization studies showed that polyaniline coatings reduced the corrosion rate of Al‐2024‐T3 significantly by about threefold compared to that of the control. The passivation of the polyaniline‐coated aluminum was characterized by reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy and cyclic voltametry. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 1669–1675, 2002