bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimates of Genetic Variability and Correlation Coefficient for Yield and Its Attributes in Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)
Authors: Tiwari Anuj , Ram C. N. , Singh Dharmendra Bahadur , Singh Nitesh Kumar , Prashant  
Published: January 2024

The study was conducted throughout the autumn/winter season 2021-2022 with the aim of estimating genetic variability for different characters in available Fenugreek germplasm viz: heritability in broad sense, genetic advance in per cent of mean and correlation coefficient among the characters pairs. The study's experimental material comprised 42 genotypes along with one check (Hisar Sonali). There were eleven quantitative characteristics (traits) on which observations were made. The magnitude of the phenotypic coefficient of variation (P.C.V.) was greater than the genotypic coefficient of variation (G.C.V). The greatest differences in phenotype and genotype have been found in seed yield per plant followed by (no.) number of branches per plant, harvest index, days to maturity, test weight and no number. of seed per pod. The heritability estimates for various traits ranged from 15.9 (no number. of branches per plant) to 68.3 (plant height). Genetic advance in per cent of mean ranged from 3.36 per cent (No. number of seed per pod) to 12.64 per cent (days to maturity). The phenotypic and genotypic correlation coefficients were computed among the eleven characters. The most (A very) important trait, seed yield per plant exhibited highly significant and positive phenotypic correlation with, harvest index (0.948) and test weight (0.935). While, days to 50% flowering (-0.678) was significantly and negatively correlated with seed yield per plant. These findings suggested that the current fenugreek germplasm has a great deal of promise for effective crop improvement and better yield and yield-(components) attributing traits.
Outcome of 6 Cycles of Primary Intravenous Chemotherapy of Retinoblastoma Patients in Terms of Recurrence in a Tertiary Health Care Hospital
Authors: Khaqan Hussain Ahmad , Bukhsh Hasnain Muhammad , Rehman Hafiz Ateeq ur , Hassan Laraib , Zia Muhammad Usman , Fauzan Ahmad , Khan Asad Mahmood , Arsalan Ahmed 
Published: January 2024

Objective: To determine the frequency of recurrence after 6 cycles of primary intravenous chemotherapy of retinoblastoma patients in a tertiary health care hospital.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore from March 15, 2020 to September 15, 2020. A total of 81 patients were selected randomly from outpatient department. Performa designed was used to collect data including name, age, gender, registration number, laterality, age at diagnosis, group of disease, treatment given and outcomes of given treatment. International Intraocular Retinoblastoma Classification (IIRC) was used for classification of the disease. The chemotherapy regimen used was vincristine, etoposide and carboplatin (VEC). A total of 6 cycles were given at 3 weekly intervals. Serial monitoring of the tumors was done to rule out any local recurrence or side effects of therapy.
Results: Total 81 children presenting with retinoblastoma were enrolled in this study. There were 52(64.2%) male and 29(35.8%) female. The mean age of patients was 3.41±1.45 year. Unilateral disease was in 61 (75.30%) patients while 20 (24.70%) patients had bilateral retinoblastoma. Among 81 children, 20(24.7%) had recurrence of the disease.
Conclusion: Development of recurrence after intravenous chemotherapy was noted in 24.7 % of all retinoblastoma eyes. Younger patients with more advanced, posteriorly located tumors and subretinal seeds at presentation were at increased risk, but recurrence can often be managed with globe-sparing therapy.
Estimation of Income, Expenditure and Resource use Pattern of Groundnut in Thandrampattu Block of Tiruvannamalai District, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Elenchezhian T. , Senthilnathan S. , Kalirajan V. , Jeyalakshmi P. , Rajendran T. , Kiruthika N. , Prahadeeswaran M. , Karthick V. , Parimalarangan R. 
Published: January 2024

The core objective of the research estimation of income, expenditure and resource use pattern of groundnut in Thandrampattu block of Tiruvannamalai district is to evaluate the performance of groundnut in terms of cost and returns and resource use efficiency. The sample of 30 farmers growing groundnut were selected at random from the Thandrampet, Veppur, Thanipadi and Vanapuram villages of Thandrampattu Block of Tiruvannamalai District. Average and percentage analyses were used to examine cost of cultivation, labour hours used, quantity of materials used and machine hours used by farmers in each crop production. Regression analysis was used to assess the impact of selected explanatory variables on independent variables. Joint families account for around 33% of total sample homes, with nuclear families accounting for 67 percent. Average size of holding is 2.84 acres. Total cost of cultivation for groundnut is Rs.16371.68/acre. Gross income from groundnut is Rs.54000/ac. Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) of groundnut cultivation is 3.30. Farmers sell the produce at regulated market, mill owners and local traders. The human labors were used for sowing and transplanting, FYM, fertilizer, chemicals, intercultural operations. FYM, chemicals, fertilizer and seed are the major material used in crop production. Harvester, rotavator and bund former are the machine used for crop production. About 69 percent of variation in dependent variables explained by the selected independent variables such as labor hours for inters cultural operation, land holding size and quantity of FYM.
Quadratic Optical Nonlinearities of N‐Methyl and N‐Aryl Pyridinium Salts
Authors: Coe B.J. , Harris J.A. , Asselberghs I. , Wostyn K. , Clays K. , Persoons A. , Brunschwig B.S. , Coles S.J. , Gelbrich T. , Light M.E. , Hursthouse M.B. , Nakatani K. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractFour series of dyes with dimethylamino electron donor groups and N‐R‐pyridinium (R = methyl Me, phenyl Ph, 2,4‐dinitrophenyl 2,4‐DNPh, or 2‐pyrimidyl 2‐Pym) electron acceptors are studied as their hexafluorophosphate salts. The intramolecular charge‐transfer (ICT) energies (Emax) of these compounds decrease within each of the series in the order R = Me > Ph > 2,4‐DNPh > 2‐Pym, as the electron‐accepting ability of the pyridinium ring increases. Hyper‐Rayleigh scattering with femtosecond 1300 or 800 nm lasers yields fluorescence‐free first hyperpolarizabilities β, and static first hyperpolarizabilities β0[H] are obtained via the two‐state model. Dipole moment changes Δμ12 for the ICT transitions obtained from Stark spectroscopy afford β0[S] values by using β0 = 3Δμ12(μ12)2/2(Emax)2 (μ12 = transition dipole moment). The β0[S] data show that the combination of pyridyl N‐arylation with conjugation extension affords large increases in β0. The β0[H] data generally agree with this conclusion, but resonance effects may explain some apparent anomalies. X‐ray structural studies on various salts reveal that the use of tosylate anions is not a generally applicable approach to engineering noncentrosymmetric structures of pyridinium salts. However, trans‐N‐phenyl‐4‐(4‐dimethylaminophenyl‐4‐buta‐1,3‐dienyl)pyridinium hexafluorophosphate adopts the polar space group Cc, and shows a very large powder second harmonic generation efficiency from a 1907 nm laser, which is similar to that of the well‐studied material trans‐4′‐(dimethylamino)‐N‐methyl‐4‐stilbazolium tosylate (DAST).
A Micellar Route to Ordered Arrays of Magnetic Nanoparticles: From Size‐Selected Pure Cobalt Dots to Cobalt–Cobalt Oxide Core–Shell Systems
Authors: Boyen H.‐G. , Kästle G. , Zürn K. , Herzog T. , Weigl F. , Ziemann P. , Mayer O. , Jerome C. , Möller M. , Spatz J.P. , Garnier M.G. , Oelhafen P. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractStarting with Co‐salt‐loaded inverse micelles, which form if the diblock copolymer polystyrene‐block‐poly(2‐vinylpyridine) is dissolved in a selective solvent like toluene and CoCl2 is added to the solution, monomicellar arrays of such micelles exhibiting a significant hexagonal order can be prepared on top of various substrates with tailored intermicellar distances and structure heights. In order to remove the polymer matrix and to finally obtain arrays of pure Co nanoparticles, the micelles are first exposed to an oxygen plasma, followed by a treatment in a hydrogen plasma. Applying in‐situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, it is demonstrated that: 1) The oxygen plasma completely removes the polymer, though conserving the original order of the micellar array. Furthermore, the resulting nanoparticles are entirely oxidized with a chemical shift of the Co 2p3/2 line pointing to the formation of Co3O4. 2) By the subsequent hydrogen
plasma treatment the nanoparticles are fully reduced to metallic Co. 3) By exposing the pure Co nanoparticles for 100 s to various oxygen partial pressures p, a stepwise oxidation is observed with a still metallic Co core surrounded by an oxide shell. The data allow the extraction of the thickness of the oxide shell as a function of the total exposure to oxygen (p × time), thus giving the opportunity to control the ferromagnetic–antiferromagnetic composition of an exchange‐biased magnetic system.
Dinuclear Metal–Organic Material for Binary Optical Recording
Authors: Trouts T.D. , Tyson D.S. , Pohl R. , Kozlov D.V. , Waldron A.G. , Castellano F.N. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractA diimine ligand tethered to anthracene in the 9‐position, 4′‐(9‐anthrylethyl)‐4‐methyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine (bpy‐An), was dimerized through cycloaddition photochemistry. The resultant head‐to‐tail photodimer (bpy‐PD) was used as a bridging ligand in the preparation of a new dinuclear RuII complex, [Ru(dmb)2(bpy‐PD)Ru(dmb)2]4+ (dmb = 4,4′dimethyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine). The corresponding mononuclear species containing anthracene ([Ru(dmb)2(bpy‐An)]2+ was also synthesized and serves as a model compound in this study. UV photolysis (λ < 300 nm) of the strongly luminescent RuII dinuclear complex results in cycloreversion, generating two anthracene‐containing mononuclear species, [Ru(dmb)2(bpy‐An)]2+, whose emission is largely quenched as a result of nonradiative triplet–triplet energy transfer. The photophysical and photochemical properties of the dinuclear system have been studied in CH3CN solutions and in solid polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) thin films. The “on”–“off” luminescence switching characteristics and concomitant non‐destructive readout properties suggested that these molecules could be useful in read‐only memory (ROM) applications. In the solid state, micrometer‐sized objects were imaged using visible light, taking advantage of the luminescence contrast generated from the UV photochemical reaction. These written images were stable for at least 6 months, indicating that long‐term binary data storage is indeed feasible in these ROM metal–organic materials.
Disclosure, confidentiality, and families: Experiences and attitudes of those with genetic versus nongenetic medical conditions
Authors: Plantinga Laura , Natowicz Marvin R. , Kass Nancy E. , Hull Sara Chandros , Gostin Lawrence O. , Faden Ruth R. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractDespite policy attention to medical privacy and patient confidentiality, little empirical work exists documenting and comparing experiences of persons with genetic versus nongenetic medical conditions concerning persons' disclosure to others as well as their views about appropriate confidentiality to and within families. The goal of this cross‐sectional interview study with nearly 600 participants was to document and compare the experiences, attitudes, and beliefs of persons with strictly genetic conditions to those of persons with or at risk for other serious medical conditions in terms of the degree to which they have disclosed to others that they have the condition and their views about how others ought to maintain the confidentiality of that information. While almost all participants reported that family members knew about their condition, results suggest participants want to control that disclosure themselves and do not want doctors to disclose information to family members without their knowledge. Similarly, participants do not think family members should be able to get information about them without their knowledge but feel overwhelmingly that it is a person's responsibility to disclose information about hereditary conditions to other family members. Ambivalence about confidentiality was evident: while most participants did not mind doctors sharing information with other doctors when it was for their benefit, the majority also felt that doctors should be punished for releasing information without their permission. The views and experiences reported here generally did not differ by whether participants had genetic versus nongenetic conditions, suggesting that the extensive policy focus on genetic information may be unwarranted. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Perceptions of reproductive risk and carrier testing among adolescent sisters of males with chronic granulomatous disease
Authors: James Cynthia A. , Holtzman Neil A. , Hadley Donald W. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractAlthough recent research has investigated the attitudes of parents, professionals, and adult siblings toward carrier testing of minors, no studies have focused on the experiences of minor siblings of individuals with X‐linked and autosomal recessive conditions. To explore adolescent sisters' perceptions of their reproductive risks, attitudes toward carrier testing, and resources for information and support, we interviewed 14 parents and 9 sisters (ages 12–15) of males with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), a primary immunodeficiency disorder inherited in both an X‐linked recessive and autosomal recessive fashion. Our semistructured telephone interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, and subjected to template analysis (a common qualitative methodology). Girls were all aware that CGD is an inherited condition and each had made an assessment of her reproductive risk. All girls considered their parents to be their best source of information and support, but girls had trouble initiating discussions for fear of upsetting their parents. All girls and parents considered eventual carrier testing vital for reproductive decision‐making and relationship‐building. However, girls favored carrier testing at a later age and expressed more concerns about psychological risks associated with testing than did their parents. When faced with the hypothetical situation of being offered carrier testing “tomorrow,” half of the parents and untested daughters disagreed on the desirability of the test, with parents more likely to favor testing. Including adolescent sisters in family‐based genetic counseling that provides an opportunity for age‐appropriate discussion of inheritance and the timing, risks, and benefits of carrier testing would be beneficial to them. Published 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Computer simulations in solid‐state NMR. III. Powder averaging
Authors: Edén Mattias 
Published: April 2003

AbstractAs the final part in a series of articles on numerical simulations in solid‐state NMR (Concepts Magn Reson 17A: 117–154, 2003 and Concepts Magn Reson Part A 18A: 1–23, 2003), aspects of simulations of NMR responses from powders are discussed. The underlying equations for powder averaging are derived, and it is demonstrated how powder averages may be estimated numerically. Orientational symmetry in solid‐state NMR is summarized and exploited to achieve more efficient calculations. Explicit computer code in C/C++ is given for simulation of NMR spectra from powders containing (1) two homonuclear spins‐1/2 in a static sample and (2) a heteronuclear two spin‐1/2 system under magic‐angle‐spinning conditions. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 18A: 24–55, 2003
Magnetic susceptibility: Solutions, emulsions, and cells
Authors: Kuchel P.W. , Chapman B.E. , Bubb W.A. , Hansen P.E. , Durrant C.J. , Hertzberg M.P. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractDifferences in magnetic susceptibility between various compartments in heterogeneous samples can introduce unanticipated complications to NMR spectra. On the other hand, an understanding of these effects at the level of the underlying physical principles has led to the development of several experimental techniques that provide data on cellular function that are unique to NMR spectroscopy. To illustrate some key features of susceptibility effects we present, among a more general overview, results obtained with red blood cells and a recently described model system involving diethyl phthalate in water. This substance forms a relatively stable emulsion in water and yet it has a significant solubility of ∼5 mmol L−1 at room temperature; thus, the NMR spectrum has twice as many resonances as would be expected for a simple solution. What determines the relative intensities of the two families of peaks and can their frequencies be manipulated experimentally in a predictable way? The theory used to interpret the NMR spectra from the model system and cells was first developed in the context of electrostatics nearly a century ago, and yet some of its underlying assumptions now warrant closer scrutiny. While this insight is used in a practical way in this article, the accompanying article deals with the mathematics and physics behind this new analysis. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 18A: 56–71, 2003
Magnetic susceptibility: Further insights into macroscopic and microscopic fields and the sphere of Lorentz
Authors: Durrant C.J. , Hertzberg M.P. , Kuchel P.W. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractTo make certain quantitative interpretations of spectra from NMR experiments carried out on heterogeneous samples, such as cells and tissues, we must be able to estimate the magnetic and electric fields experienced by the resonant nuclei of atoms in the sample. Here, we analyze the relationships between these fields and the fields obtained by solving the Maxwell equations that describe the bulk properties of the materials present. This analysis separates the contribution to these fields of the molecule in which the atom in question is bonded, the “host” fields, from the contribution of all the other molecules in the system, the “external” fields. We discuss the circumstances under which the latter can be found by determining the macroscopic fields in the sample and then removing the averaged contribution of the host molecule. We demonstrate that the results produced by the, so‐called, “sphere of Lorentz” construction are of general validity in both static and time‐varying cases. This analytic construct, however, is not “mystical” and its justification rests not on any sphericity in the system but on the local uniformity and isotropy, i.e., spherical symmetry, of the medium when averaged over random microscopic configurations. This local averaging is precisely that which defines the equations that describe the macroscopic fields. Hence, the external microscopic fields, in a suitably averaged sense, can be estimated from the macroscopic fields. We then discuss the calculation of the external fields and that of the resonant nucleus in NMR experiments. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 18A: 72–95, 2003
IL‐10 and TGF‐β cooperate in the regulatory T cell response to mucosal allergens in normal immunity and specific immunotherapy
Authors: Jutel Marek , Akdis Mübeccel , Budak Ferah , Aebischer‐Casaulta Carmen , Wrzyszcz Maria , Blaser Kurt , Akdis Cezmi A. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe regulation of normal and allergic immune responses to airborne allergens in the mucosa is still poorly understood, and the mechanism of specific immunotherapy (SIT) in normalizing the allergic response to such allergens is currently not clear. Accordingly, we have investigated the immunoregulatory mechanism of both normal and allergic responses to the major house‐dust mite (HDM) and birch pollen allergens — Dermatophagoides pteroynyssinus (Der p)1 and Bet v 1, respectively — as well as the immunologic basis of SIT to HDM in rhinitis and asthma patients. In normal immunity to HDM and birch pollen, an allergen‐specific peripheral T cell suppression to Der p 1 and Bet v 1 was observed. The deviated immune response was characterized by suppressed proliferative T celland Th1 (IFN‐γ) and Th2 (IL‐5, IL‐13) cytokine responses, and increased IL‐10 and TGF‐β secretion by allergen‐specific T cells. Neutralization of cytokine activity showed that T cell suppression was induced by IL‐10 and TGF‐β during SIT and in normal immunity to the mucosal allergens. In addition, SIT induced an antigen‐specific suppressive activity in CD4+ CD25+ T cells of allergic individuals. Together, these results demonstrate a deviation towards a regulatory/suppressor T cell response during SIT and in normal immunity as a key event for the healthy immune response to mucosal antigens.
Tumor‐associated fibroblasts recruit blood monocytes into tumor tissue
Authors: Silzle Tobias , Kreutz Marina , Dobler Marcus A. , Brockhoff Gero , Knuechel Ruth , Kunz‐Schughart Leoni A. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractTumor‐associated fibroblasts (TAF) and tumor‐associated macrophages are the main stromal components in desmoplastic breast tumors. These host cell types were extensively studied individually with regard to tumor development and progression but little is known about their reciprocal interactions. To elucidate the role of TAF in the recruitment of monocytes (MO) we designed a 3D co‐culturesystem of multicellular fibroblast spheroids of different origin, co‐cultured with MO suspensions from healthy donors. Spheroids of tumor‐derived but not of normal fibroblasts were extensively infiltrated by MO. A linear correlation between number of infiltrated MO and number of MO applied per spheroid was shown, indicating a distinct migratory MO subpopulation (≈15%) within the peripheral blood MO pool. Our data imply that MO migration into fibroblastic tumor areas may partially result from high expression of CCL2 (monocyte chemotactic protein‐1), which was regulated by endogenousIL‐6 as shown by neutralization experiments. The effect of CCL2 on MO migration was inhibited by CCL2 neutralizing antibody in tumor‐derived fibroblast conditioned media in a Boyden chamber migration assay but not in spheroid culture. While this phenomenon needs further evaluation, our data clearly support the concept of fibroblasts as "sentinel cells" relevant for tumor progression.
ICAM‐1 isoforms: specific activity and sensitivity to cleavage by leukocyte elastase and cathepsin G
Authors: Robledo Olivier , Papaioannou Anne , Ochietti Benoit , Beauchemin Claire , Legault Doris , Cantin André , King Philip D. , Daniel Claude , Alakhov Valery Yu , Potworowski Edouard F. , St‐Pierre Yves 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe extracellular moiety of ICAM‐1 consists of five Ig‐like domains, the first and third domains mediating adhesion to integrin ligands. The ICAM‐1 gene, however, gives rise to the expression of five alternative splice variants containing two, three, or four Ig‐like domains. In this work, we have investigated whether the rearrangement of the architecture of ICAM‐1 affects its structural properties and function. We showed that, in contrast to the common form, all alternative isoforms of ICAM‐1 were susceptible to cleavage by leukocyte elastase and cathepsin G. We found that the length of an isoform did not influence the susceptibility to proteolysis. The molecular diversity provided by the skipping of entire Ig domains and the level of expression on the APC, however, significantly influenced their ability to potentiate the proliferation of T cells. Finally, we found that the expression of minor ICAM‐1 isoforms encoding the third Ig‐like domains was sufficient to sustain neutrophil infiltration in the liver and confer exon‐5‐targeted ICAM‐1‐deficient mice susceptibility to LPS‐induced septic shock. These findings not only demonstrate that ICAM‐1 isoforms are fully functional, but support the concept that alternative RNA splicing in the Ig superfamily may fulfill distinct roles during the development of the immune response.