bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Never Too Young to Know
Authors: Silverman Phyllis Rolfe 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In spite of society’s wish to protect and insulate children from death, the experience of loss is unavoidable and there is surprisingly little guidance on how to help children cope with grief and bereavement. Never Too Young to Know: Death in Children’s Lives is the first book to bring together diverse fields of study, offering a practical as well as multifaceted theoretical approach to how children cope with death. Using stories of children’s own experiences supported by data from a large research study, Silverman explains the wide range of effects of loss upon children and the challenges they face as they grieve. Silverman presents grief as a normal part of the life cycle which results not only in pain and sadness but also in change and growth. She further explains that children can and do cope effectively with loss and the changes it brings as long as they are taught to understand that death is a part of life and that they will be included appropriately in the family drama. Never Too Young To Know: Death in Children’s Lives is divided into three parts. The first section includes an overview and theoretical framework that examines the social, historical, developmental, and familial forces that frame and focus childrens lives as they experience loss. The second section offers a detailed analysis of how children experience mourning different types of death including the death of siblings, parents, and friends, and death due to illness, suicide, accidents, and violence. The final section includes an accessible guide to helping children cope with grief, emphasizing the importance and the necessity of social support as children learn to adapt to their new lives. Never Too Young To Know: Death in Children’s Lives is not only ideal for advanced undergraduate and graduate students learning about children but it is also useful for courses on death and dying and the family. It is also an invaluable book for mental health practitioners, clergy, school teachers, nurses, pediatricians, as well as the general reader interested in learning how to deal with death in children’s lives.
Upwardly Mobile or How to Make Electrons Travel Faster
Authors: Turton Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
How do we make a transistor faster? In other words, what can we do to reduce the time it takes to switch it on and then off again? We have already seen that the switching time must be long enough to allow a typical electron to get from one side of the gate region to the other. The simplest way to decrease this time is to reduce the distance that the electron has to travel. This is the route we followed in the previous chapter. An alternative solution is to encourage the electrons to travel faster. This requires a far more subtle approach. To see how we can achieve this we need to have an understanding of how an electron behaves as it makes its way through the maze of atoms in a crystal.
Let us begin with a very primitive model of a crystal in which each atom is represented by a hard sphere. These spheres occupy fixed positions so that they form a regular three-dimensional grid. Figure 6.1 shows a typical path of an electron as it moves through this structure.
Angels & Angelology in the Middle Ages
Authors: Keck David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Recently angels have made a remarkable comeback in the popular imagination; their real heyday, however, was the Middle Ages. From the great shrines dedicated to Michael the Archangel at Mont-St-Michel and Monte Garano to the elaborate metaphysical speculations of the great thirteenth-century scholastics, angels dominated the physical, temporal, and intellectual landscape of the medieval West. This book offers a full-scale study of angels and angelology in the Middle Ages. Seeking to discover how and why angels became so important in medieval society, David Keck considers a wide range of fascinating questions such as: Why do angels appear on baptismal fonts? How and why did angels become normative for certain members of the church? How did they become a required course of study? Did popular beliefs about angels diverge from the angelologies of the theologians? Why did some heretics claim to derive their authority from heavenly spirits? Keck spreads his net wide in the attempt to catch traces of angels and angelic beliefs in as many portions of the medieval world as possible. Metaphysics and mystery plays, prayers and pilgrimages, Cathars and cathedrals-all these and many more disparate sources taken together reveal a society deeply engaged with angels on all its levels and in some unlikely ways.
Monks and Mendicants
Authors: Keck David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By accepting a simple habit, a monk entered into an ancient tradition of under-standing the religious life in terms of angels. While the lives of Christ and the Apostles always served as the primary model for both monks and mendicants, the desire to imitate the first Christians in no way precluded the use of angels to conceive of the apostolic or religious life. This association of monks and angels should not be surprising; the central elements of the monastic life, the three vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience, are characteristics that also apply to the life of the saints and angels in heaven. Angels need no material goods, and there are no marriages in heaven (Matthew 22:30 states, “For in the resurrection [men and women] neither marry nor are given in marriage, but are like angels in heaven”). Because of the confirmation of the grace of glory, the angels are able to exist in complete obedience to God. The angelic life offers a vision of existence without the snares of riches, the flesh, and the fallen will.
Culture and the State in America
Authors: Kammen Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During 1989-90 the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) underwent a fierce attack because it indirectly funded allegedly anti-Christian work by Andres Serrano and a Robert Mapplethorpe
photographic exhibition considered pornographic by some.* In 1991 a revisionist, didactic display of Western art at the National Museum of American Art (part of the Smithsonian Institution) aroused congressional ire, yet that latter episode now seems, in retrospect, a fairly calm fracas compared with the controversy generated in 1994-95 by “The Last Act, “ a long-planned exhibition concerning the end of World War II in the Pacific that was canceled by the Secretary of the Smithsonian because of immense political pressure and adverse publicity emanating from veterans ‘ organizations and from Capitol Hill.
Throughout 1995 those who hoped to eliminate entirely the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) and NEA, the Institute of Museum Services, and the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, and to reduce.
Myth, Memory, and Amnesia in American Historical Art
Authors: Kammen Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It has long been commonplace for skillful historians to think of themselves as artists, or to achieve recognition as “artists “ painting with words. That aspiration characterized such prominent mid-nineteenth-century romantic historians as William Hickling Prescott and Francis Parkman, as well as many of their contemporaries. Alternatively, this essay considers artists who aimed to record or to envision history. If they romanticized the past, so did the prestigious historians who were their peers. Examining the artists ‘ careers may suggest to us that a tension existed between pursuit of the romantic and the authentic, though in reality the tension lies more in our perceptions than in their work. These artists did not regard authenticity and romanticism as incompatible or incongruous values. The former had to do with historical veracity as they understood it; the latter involved the spirit and emotional significance of what they depicted, not to mention its meaning for Americans in search of historically informedself-knowledge-as individuals and also collectively as a people.1
The Therapeutic Corporation
Authors: Tucker James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A growing number of contemporary organizations have management structures that are less centralized and hierarchical than the traditional bureaucratic model. This book takes a close look inside one such organization: an employee-owned manufacturing corporation. It addresses the question of how conflicts are handled when bureaucracy is greatly reduced--and its findings will surprise and enlighten many readers. Therapy, a behaviour or practice normally thought to be confined to the offices of psychiatrists and the wards of mental hospitals, turns out to be the most common way of handling conflict in the postbureaucratic work environment. James Tucker reveals that this therapeutic system of social control contrasts sharply, and tellingly, with the more authoritative--often violent--systems of social control found in more centralized and hierarchical work settings, especially those of the past.
Therapeutic Peacemaking
Authors: Tucker James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Not all organizational conflict is downward. People also define and respond to deviant behavior by their peers. Though peers have no formal authority over each other, they regularly engage in social control. Peers may pursue conflict through physical and verbal attacks, for example, or managers may intervene and pacify disputes by separating and scolding the adversaries. In the postbureaucratic organization, where hierarchy is weak and peers are socially close, lateral conflict is handled less aggressively and authoritatively than elsewhere. Combining elements of therapy and conciliation, social control helps individuals address their intrapersonal problems and restore harmony to their damaged relationships. Most conflict is handled by peers themselves, although managers sometimes lend assistance as mediators.
Genesis of the Big Bang
Authors: Alpher Ralph A , Herman Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The authors of this volume have been intimately connected with the conception of the Big Bang model since 1947. Following the late George Gamov’s ideas in 1942 and more particularly in 1946 that the early universe was an appropriate site for the synthesis of the elements, they became deeply involved in the question of cosmic nucleosynthesis and particularly the synthesis of the light elements. In the course of this work they developed a general relativistic model of the expanding universe with physics folded in, which led in a progressive, logical sequence to our prediction of the existence of a present cosmic background radiation some seventeen years before the observation of such radiation was reported by Penzias and Wilson. In addition, they carried out with James W. Follin, Jr., a detailed study of the physics of what was then considered to be the very early universe, starting a few seconds after the Big Bang, which still provides a methodology for studies of light element nucleosynthesis. Because of their involvement, they bring a personal perspective to the subject. They present a picture of what is now believed to be the state of knowledge about the evolution of the expanding universe and delineate the story of the development of the Big Bang model as they have seen and lived it from their own unique vantage point.
The Triple Crisis of The French Peasantry, 1929–39
Authors: Paxton Robert O 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During A Long Decade that began in the late 1920s, the men and women who drew their living from agriculture in France faced very hard times. Peasants always face hard times, and they always feel that city people care little and understand less about them. But the crisis of the 1930s went beyond the recurring insecurities—illness, bad weather, poor harvests—that peasants have always taken for granted as part of their lot. This crisis, which seemed to threaten the French family farm with extinc­tion, had three dimensions.
First, the economic dimension of the peasant crisis of the 1930s—during the Great Depression—was an ever-deepening decline of farm prices that lasted so long and plunged so low that even the most diligent efforts could barely keep a family alive. Second, the cultural dimension of this crisis was the low esteem for peasant life, values, and needs that seemed to permeate the Third Republic. Schools, films, literature, and the popular press were devoted, or so it seemed to farm families, to making the peasants’ children feel contempt for their way of life. They lured the best young people away to the cities and emptied the villages in a disheartening “rural exodus.”
The Rise of Dorgèrism
Authors: Paxton Robert O 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Nothing in Henry Dorgères’s origins or youth seemed to prepare him to become the main rightwing peasant agitator of 1930s France. He was not raised on a farm. He was born Henri-Auguste D’Halluin in Wasquehal (Nord), near Lllle, on 6 February 1897, the eldest son of a butcher who also fattened a few cattle for slaughter. The D’ is not the noble particule de, as the Left press kept insisting in the face of Dorgères’s energetic (and, for once, accurate) denials that he was the “vicomte d’Halluin.” The D’ was simply an ordinary kind of family name in the Nord. When Henri-Auguste’s father died young, his mother and all the children struggled to keep the butcher shop going.
Five Scenarios of Peasant Action
Authors: Paxton Robert O 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If We Try To understand Dorgères’s movement by laying out a table of organization and listing a program, point by point, we will miss the mark. Institutions and ideology, those staples of most studies of contemporary political life, are not the best keys to a movement whose structures were loose and whose appeals were not primarily to the intellect. Dorgèrism was most itself in the heat of the moment and in the distinctiveness of each village that was swept up in it for a season.
Thus in this chapter we observe Dorgèrism in action. The drama and emotion of these encounters bring us closer to understanding how it functioned at the village level. These narratives have several common features. In each the peasants have material grievances that, they are con­vinced, neither the Third Republic’s democratic politics, with its new urban majority, nor the traditional rural leaders can resolve. Dorgères’s kind of direct collective action also offers a sort of emotional satisfaction that the Republic and the traditional agricultural organizations deny. In each confrontation, hitherto obscure small farmers emerge into leadership roles. As the protestors’ peers, supplanting their customary paternalist notable leaders, they are capable of arousing a powerful village solidarity against an outside world deemed uncomprehending and hostile and of shaking the entrenched rural oligarchies of the late Third Republic.
Symbolic Identity Formation in an African American Religious Sect
Authors: Singer The Black Hebrew Israelites Merrill 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Since The Civil War, African American communities have witnessed the emergence of an array of religious sects that claim some form of Hebraic or Jewish identity, that adhere to a set of religious rituals derived at least in part from the Old Testament or contemporary Jewish practice, and that embrace an assemblage of symbols, such as the Star of David, suggesting affinity with Judaism. Some of these groups have been large enough or sufficiently flamboyant to attract media or even scholarly attention, but most have been obscure and relatively short-lived. Among the most distinctive African American sects that have claimed a Judaic identity is a group called the Black Hebrew Israelites.1 The uniqueness of this group lies in several factors, including its prominence in the mass media (the group has been the subject of hundreds of newspaper articles and television and radio reports in the United States, Europe, and Israel), its position at the nexus of African American/ Jewish relations within the United States and between the United States and Israel, and its attempt to merge black Jewish identity and religious symbolism with the Return-to-Africa ideology that has been a major theme in African American culture since its inception. Born in the highly segregated inner city of Chicago, the Black Hebrew Israelite group migrated to Liberia in 1967 and then to Israel (which they define as part of Africa) several years later. The group has established a growing community in several development towns in the Negev Desert in southern Israel. The purpose of this essay is to present an interpretation of black Hebrew symbolism within the context of group history and the encompassing political economy of the African American community, that is, in terms of power, class, and race.
Taxes, the Budget, and Welfare Reform
Authors: Winfrey John C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Issues of taxes and welfare reform evoke deep and sometimes conflicting feelings among Americans. The issue of the Boston Tea Party was one of taxation without representation. With or without representation, Americans still resent taxes. As every candidate for political office knows, running on a platform of raising taxes would be suicide. As voters, we always seem willing to suspend our disbelief when politicians promise to cut taxes, balance the budget, and protect defense spending, Social Security, and Medicare. The fact that every candidate knows such promises to be patently absurd does not seem to matter. The candidate who makes the story more believable will be elected.
Introduction
Authors: Robnett Belinda 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This Book Was Inspired by childhood memories of the civil rights movement. As a child growing up in South Central Los Angeles, I was fortunate to attend schools in Compton, California, where Black people were the principals and teachers. This experience provided me with a sense of pride and an understanding of my Black heritage and community. Within this context, I was aware of the struggle for freedom and can still recall the emotional feelings sweeping over me while listening to Martin Luther King’s speeches on the television.
My family had long endured the struggles against racism; my father’s family is still in possession of my great-great grandmother’s freedom papers. My father grew up poor but managed to obtain a college education through the G.I. Bill. But his bachelor’s degree in biochemistry did not translate into a better job until after the civil rights movement. He, as well as many of my educated aunts and uncles, survived by taking any job he could get. My father, for example, was employed as a cafeteria bus boy, and my aunt worked in the post office. In the late 1950s and the early 1960s, it was not unusual to find Black people with PH.D.s working in the post office.
Being There
Authors: Carroll Jackson W , Wheeler Barbara G , Aleshire Daniel O , Marler Penny Long 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book offers a close-up look at theological education in the USA today. The authors’ goal is to understand the way in which institutional culture affects the outcome of the educational process. To that end, they undertake ethnographic studies of two seminaries -- one evangelical and one mainline Protestant. These studies, written in a lively journalistic style, make up the first part of the book and offer fascinating portraits of two very different intellectual, religious, and social worlds. The authors go on to analyse these disparate environments, and suggest how in each case corporate culture acts as an agent of educational change. They find two major consequences stemming from the culture of each school. First, each culture gives expression to a normative goal that aims at shaping the way students understand themselves and from issues of ministry practice. Second, each provides a “cultural tool kit” of knowledge, practices, and skills that students use to construct strategies of action for the various problems and issues that will confront them as pastors or in other forms of ministry. In the concluding chapters, the authors explore the implications of their findings for theories of institutional culture and professional socialization and for interpreting the state of religion in America. They identify some of the practical dilemmas that theological and other professional schools currently face, and reflect on how their findings might contribute to their solution. This accessible, thought-provoking study will not only illuminate the structure and process by which culture educates and forms, but also provide invaluable insights into important dynamics of American religious life.
Philip Melanchthon’s Exegetical Dispute with Erasmus of Rotterdam
Authors: Wengert Timothy J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book argues that Philip Melanchthon, conventionally pictured as hopelessly caught in the middle between Erasmus and Luther, and more "Erasmian" than a Lutheran theologian should have been, was, at least theologically, not Erasmian at all, but in fact sharply anti-Erasmus. Wengert draws largely on Melanchthon's Scholia on the Epistle of Paul to the Colossians as well as on a range of other contemporary sources to address a number of important questions, including the complicated and elusive relationship between humanism and the Reformation and the issues of proper biblical interpretation of free will, of divine and human righteousness, and of political order.
Philip Melanchthon: Alien to or Ally of Erasmus?
Authors: Wengert Timothy J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A century ago, a debate raged between two preeminent analysts of the sixteenth century over the relation between the Renaissance and Reformation. On the one side, Ernst Troeltsch argued that the two intellectual movements had been incompatible, so much so that the Reformation— with its medieval concern for God’s control of the world, a Christian secular culture, and a mystical inwardness—stood fundamentally opposed to the hope and promise of the Renaissance’s celebration of a rejuvenated antiquity. On the other, Wilhelm Dilthey insisted that the Reformation and Renaissance were essentially compatible expressions of the dissolution of a medieval theological metaphysics into an individualistic subjectivism.
Melanchthon’s Relation to Erasmus, 1519-1524
Authors: Wengert Timothy J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“What is Latin is Erasmian!”1 With this enthusiastic praise the seventeen-year-old Melanchthon expressed one enduring aspect of his estimate of Erasmus’s worth. The Dutch humanist offered to his contemporaries a stunning, if not always Ciceronian, grasp of Latin. Melanchthon expressed the same admiration in his edition of Terence, where he called Erasmus the “greatest and best protector of letters” (optimus maximus literarum praeses). In response to such laudatory remarks and to the erudite introduction to Terence in which they are found, Erasmus penned his lengthy note to 1 Thess. 2:7. Melanchthon, himself a budding humanist and worker at Thomas Anshelm’s print shop in Tubingen, judged the older man as a humanist-nothing more or less.
Melanchthon’s Controversy with Erasmus as Reflected in Their Correspondence, 1524-1528
Authors: Wengert Timothy J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By 1527 Melanchthon had perfected and refined his exegetical method to allow direct and expanded attacks against his opponents. The biblical text and the heart of Christian teaching demanded that he defend and prove his interpretation of Paul against all comers, so that the conscience could fix its faith upon something certain. Three such disputes stand out: on free will against Erasmus, on obedience to governmental authorities against the revolutionaries (and against others, like Erasmus, who did not understand the difference in the twofold righteousness of God), and on law and poenitentia against John Agricola.