bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Levels and Exposure Risks of Lead, Arsenic and Mercury from Selected Lipstick and Nail Polish Cosmetics Marketed in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Kulwa Gerald , Mihale Matobola 
Published: January 2024

Presence of Pb, As and Hg in selected lipstick and nail polish cosmetics sold at different shopping malls and retail outlets in Dar es Salaam was determined by microwave plasma atomic emission spectrometry due to their public health effects. Pb was detected in 100% (n = 25) of lipsticks and 53.3% (n = 15) of nail polishes. Arsenic was detected in 36% of lipsticks and 86.7% of nail polishes, and Hg was detected in 44% of lipsticks and 80% of nail polishes. All metal levels in both cosmetics were below the World Health Organisation (WHO) and Tanzania Bureau of Standards (TBS) maximum recommended limits. Health-based risks were evaluated using chronic daily intake (CDI), non-carcinogenic hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index (HI) as well as carcinogenic total risk. CDI values in all cosmetics were lower than maximum tolerable daily intake (MTDI). HQs of all metals in most of the lipsticks and all nail polishes were < 1, indicating little health risks. Both HI and carcinogenic risk were lower, indicating that they are relatively safe and have little potential carcinogenic risk. Determined potential carcinogenic risks were lower, indicating little carcinogenic risk. Awareness of potential effects and continuous monitoring are recommended to raise awareness of consumers and control quality of cosmetics as metals are cumulative toxicants.
Keywords: Heavy metal; lipstick; nail polish; Tanzania; cosmetics;
Security Model for Tracking Creation of Mobile Money Using Transport Layer Security Protocol
Authors: Rwiza Sigsbert , Kissaka Mussa , Kapis Kosmas 
Published: January 2024

Mobile Network Operator (MNO) financial service model has security vulnerabilities in addressing verification of cash and mobile money. For instance, monthly returns are transferred in plain text from banks and MNOs to financial regulators. This may result to failure of financial regulators in detecting creation of fake mobile money. This study was conducted to develop a security model for tracking creation of mobile money using Transport Layer security protocol as a way of protecting returns in transit from banks and MNOs to financial regulators. The proposed model was developed using insights from literature, function decomposition and composition techniques and was tested by prototyping the system for tracking creation of mobile money using Laravel PhP framework, apache webserver, JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) server and PhP programming language. The proposed model has eight components, namely; certificate authority, financial regulator server, bank server, MNO server, bank system, mobile money system, super-agent and mobile money issuer components.
Keywords: Security Model; Public Key Infrastructure (PKI); Tracking Creation; Transport Layer Security; Mobile Money;
Coal Exploration using Electrical Resistivity Method in Some Parts of Benue Trough, Nigeria
Authors: Olatunji Saminu , Jimoh Abdulgafar 
Published: January 2024

Geoelectrical resistivity sounding technique was used to delineate the occurrence and extents of coal seam. Fifteen points were sounded with Schlumberger configuration in the suspected coal deposit site bounded by longitudes 7.344° E and 7.366° E, and latitudes 7.318° N and 7.33° N. The vertical electrical sounding (VES) data were analyzed and the corresponding geo-electric parameters at various depths were modeled. The earth model within the study area was correlated with available lithology of a nearby mine site. The sounding signatures are KQHK and KHK curve types which revealed five to six distinct geo-electrical equivalent layers. The wet to dry sandy topsoil has resistivity range of 300–1000 Ωm and average thickness of 1.5 m. Next is a layer with higher resistivity range (1000–20000 Ωm). This layer, which extends to 14 m depth, is considered probably to be laterite, patched with sand in some places. Underlain this is a shale formation that laterally sandwiched the coal seam. The thickness and resistivity range of the coal seam is 1.5–3.4 m and 778–103000 Ωm, respectively, while the shale domain has resistivity range of 99–898 Ωm. Therefore, it could be concluded that the coal seam occurrence take shale as host rock in the area and the largest deposit appeared at the Eastern part of the area.
Keywords: Benue trough; Resistivity; Electrical sounding; Coal seam; Overburden
Radiation Dose to the Contralateral Breast and Effectiveness of Superflab in Dose Reduction during Treatment of Breast Cancer by Cobalt-60 External Beam
Authors: Chiuyo Julius , Msaki Peter , Makundi Ismail 
Published: January 2024

Radiation therapy for breast cancer inevitably results in scattered dose to contralateral breast. Breast tissues being highly sensitive to ionizing radiations, the chance of the contralateral breast developing second cancer after radiation therapy is high. This study investigated dose to contralateral breast and its reduction by superflab during the course of breast cancer radiation therapy. A thorax breast phantom constructed from tissue-equivalent materials and diodes (type IVD2 1137) were used to measure surface doses to the contralateral breast. The mean doses received by the contralateral breast were 2.2% and 7.1% of the prescribed dose of 200 cGy for 5 × 5 cm2 and 10 × 10 cm2 field sizes, respectively. These dose values were mostly comparable to and slightly higher than the dose values reported in the literature. The average reduction of dose to contralateral breast with superflab was 65.6%, in the range of 49 to 100%. The differences between doses with and without superflab were significant at p < 0.05. The superflab was more effective for larger field sizes than smaller. In view of this enormous advantage in dose reduction, this approach should clinically be tested for routine applications in breast cancer radiation therapy at hospitals in Tanzania.
Keywords: Breast cancer; contralateral breast dose; secondary cancer; superflab
Antibacterial Activities of the Extracts of Allium sativum (Garlic) and Allium cepa (Onion) Against Selected Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Enejiyon Sherifat , Abdulrahman Al-Hassan , Adedeji Abdulameen , Abdulsalam Ramatu , Oyedum Mary 
Published: January 2024

Although many antibiotics have been developed against bacterial diseases, the problems of antibiotic resistance and toxicity have made the continuous search for newer drugs an existential necessity. This study determined the phytochemical components and antibacterial activities of Allium sativum and Allium cepa against Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. The phytochemical analysis was carried out using standard methods. The antibacterial activities of the aqueous, ethanol and acetone extracts of both plants at different concentrations were determined against all the test organisms using agar well diffusion method. All the extracts were found to contain important phytochemicals such as saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, phlabotannins and anthraquinones. Ethanol, acetone and aqueous extracts of Allium sativum showed maximum activities against S. aureus (21.2 ± 0.2-28.1 ± 0.2 mm), S. pneumoniae (16.8 ± 0.4-20.8 ± 0.4 mm) and S. aureus (15.5 ± 0.5–22.8 ± 1.1 mm) respectively. Ethanol, aqueous, and acetone extract of Allium cepa showed maximum activity against E. coli (19.1 ± 0.1–28.7 ± 0.3 mm), K. pneumoniae (16.4 ± 0.2–21.2 ± 0.5 mm) and E. coli (19.7 ± 0.7–26.0 ± 0.0 mm), respectively. All extracts of both plants showed varying minimum inhibitory concentrations which ranged between 10 and 20 mg/mL against the test bacteria. This study has established that the extracts of Allium species have antibacterial activities against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria.
Keywords: Antibacterial activity; Allium sativum; Allium cepa; Extract; Phytochemicals
Use of Cystoinflation to Prevent Urinary Tract Injuries in Patients with Placenta Previa
Authors: Uzma Hussain  , Faryal Kanwal  , Muhammad Essa  , Uswah Shoiab  , Maria Imran  , Snovia Ishaq  , Huma Khan  , Muhammad Irshad  , Zain Ul Abideen  
Published: January 2024

Introduction: There is insufficient evidence to support the use of cystoinflation to prevent bladder injury in women with placenta previa. The purpose of this study is to find the effectiveness and safety of cystoinflation to prevent bladder injury in women with placenta previa. Methods: The study was conducted at Gynecology & Obstetrics Department, lady Willing-don hospital, Lahore for six months duration . The research was conducted by forming two groups. Women in Group-A (inflated urinary bladder) had significantly lower bladder injury as compared to women in Group-B (deflated urinary bladder). i.e. 1.9% vs. 11.32%, p-value=0.050. Results: Homeostatic sutures requirement was significantly higher in Group-B as that of Group-A. i.e. 15.1% vs. 18.9%, p-value=0.604 Duration of hospital stay showed no significant difference between groups. i.e. 96.2% patients in Group-A and 88.7% patients in Group-B discharged from hospital within 3-4 days. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, women presenting with placenta previa had significantly lower incidences of bladder injury as a result of cystoinflation during cesarean section.
Frequency And Risk Factors For Developing Surgical Site Infection In Abbasi Shaheed Hospital
Authors: Ambreen Ejaz  , Jamaluddin Muhammad , Shariq Bin Yousuf  , Muhammad  Saad Usmani  , Muhammad Tahir  , Fatima Zunera , Akvia Saad  
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Surgical site infections are the most common nosocomial infections worldwide and are also the common problem in developing countries. The impact of its prevalence contributes to morbidity and mortality and therefore the need to determine its prevalence is necessary. Finding out the prevalence of surgical site infections and the frequency of risk variables for surgical site infections in patients undergoing abdominal surgeries at Abbasi Shaheed Hospital in Karachi is the aim of this study. Methodology: This descriptive study was carried out from February 22, 2022- August 22, 2022 at the Abbasi Shaheed Hospital in Karachi with a sample size of 157 subjects with abdominal surgery fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Results: In our study, the mean age, length of operation and BMI were 49.87±8.74 years, 2.14±1.87 hours, 29.72±3 respectively with 61.1% of female and 38.9% male subjects. Out of 157 patients, 22 (14%) and 135 (86%) had and did not have surgical site infection. Conclusion: Patients and the healthcare systems are both heavily impacted by the effects of SSIs. A comprehensive strategy addressing pre-, intra-, and postoperative variables is necessary for the prevention of SSI. In order to lower SSI, hospital infection control procedures should be developed in conjunction with the establishment of an ongoing, long-term surveillance system to detect risk factors.
Smart City Development Strategy of Wonogiri Regency
Authors: Manggalou Singgih , Azizatun Nafi’ah Binti , Uang Yulinda , Dewi Avela 
Published: January 2024

Technology transformation in the smart city concept begins with the implementation of policy transfer to local governments. Wonogiri Regency is one of the districts that implement smart city policy transfer from the central smart city policy. So it is necessary to analyse regional strategies in implementing smart cities. Regional smart city strategy analysis is an analysis carried out to assess the strengths weaknesses opportunities and threats in order to get a picture of the capacity and capability of the region in implementing smart city development programmes. This research aims to analyse the smart city development strategy of Wonogiri Regency. With the regional strategy analysis, Wonogiri Regency can map the right programme according to the dimensions of smart city. So that the implementation of this smart city can run smoothly in accordance with the goals of the Indonesian smart city movement. This study took a locus in Wonogiri Regency, which has a sufficient SPBE index and was chosen to be one of the implementers of the Indonesian smart city movement. Researchers used qualitative methods to analyse the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of Wonogiri Regency to develop appropriate strategies for these conditions. Researchers found that the smart city strategy is combined with other strategies to solve the problems of the Wonogiri community. The smart city action plan is formed from action plans for smart governance, smart environment, smart society; smart living; smart economy, and smart branding. The action plan must adjust to the strategy formed. The focus of the Action Plan from Wonogiri Regency is to provide integrated services ranging from data to applications.
PEMODELAN DEBIT SUNGAI MENGGUNAKAN SOIL AND WATER ASSESSMENT TOOL DI SUBDAS MAMASA
Authors: Irlan Irlan , A Widyanti Utami , Rosmaeni Rosmaeni , Samsu Andi Khairil A. , Irundu Daud , Mas'ud Emban Ibnurusyd 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Issues related to watershed have received primary attention in the past few decades. The hydrological conditions of the watershed area are considered crucial as a source of life. In efforts to achieve sustainable watershed management, understanding the complex hydrological dynamics is very important. The objective of this research is to simulate river discharge using the Soil and Water Assessment Tools (SWAT) model. This study was conducted in the Mamasa Sub-watershed area. The results show that the river discharge in the Mamasa Sub-watershed has increased as it approaches the outlet (downstream) through the accumulation of discharge in larger order rivers. The Mamasa Sub-watershed also experiences a trend of increasing average annual discharge at a rate of 0.74 m3/s per year. Improvement in the discharge simulation results was achieved through a calibration process using 11 parameters. The calibration results indicate that the calibrated discharge has a higher R2 value compared to the initial simulation discharge, showing that the model calibration successfully improved the quality of the expected discharge results to reach 79.50 percent. However, the calibration results still have a low R2 value, influenced by the selection of appropriate parameters and accurate observational data.
Keywords: Modeling, River discharge, SWAT, Watershed
Currículo de formação para jovens praticantes do futebol: contribuições de especialistas da área
Authors: Alves de Lima Leilane , Aparecido de Oliveira Elson , Collet Carine , Silva Reverdito Riller 
Published: January 2024

A formação de jovens futebolistas tem sido um tema de interesse nos últimos anos, sendo relevante o debate sobre o currículo que norteia o processo de treino em longo prazo. Que subsídios os currículos de formação de jovens futebolistas nas etapas de iniciação e especialização devem direcionar? Objetivamos apresentar elementos-chaves para a reflexão e elaboração de currículos de formação para jovens futebolistas em longo prazo a partir das contribuições de especialistas no âmbito do futebol. Consiste em uma pesquisa qualitativa, de cunho descritivo-exploratório em que se entrevistou nove especialistas na área (entre treinadores e pesquisadores) a partir de um roteiro semiestruturado. Os dados foram transcritos e analisados a partir da técnica de análise temática. Os resultados mostram que os currículos de formação devem considerar que: o currículo serve para estruturar o processo de formação, devendo levar em consideração aspectos contextuais; deve-se ter princípios para organização e sistematização do conteúdo; deve ter clareza sobre o processo de competição e sua adequação; existem nível e conteúdo específico de jogo para as etapas de iniciação e especialização em futebol, o processo avaliativo de ser capaz de envolver ativamente os sujeitos em formação e ser diversificado (qualitativo e quantitativo). Com os achados desta pesquisa se tem subsídios iniciais para os múltiplos cenários de oferta do futebol refletirem suas intencionalidades formativas, construírem e operacionalizarem seus currículos formativos fomentando um percurso capaz de gerar experiências e desenvolvimento biopsicossocial atrelado ao desenvolvimento esportivo.
Palavras-chave: Currículo. Futebol. Desenvolvimento Esportivo. Jovens Atletas. Pedagogia do Esporte.
Top Python-Based Deep Learning Packages: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Mohialden Yasmin Makki , Kadhim Raed Waheed , Hussien Nadia Mahmood , Hussain Samira Abdul Kader 
Published: January 2024

Deep learning has transformed artificial intelligence (AI) by empowering machines to execute intricate functions with unparalleled precision. The field claims an array of robust packages and libraries, among which Python, a prominent and celebrated programming language, has emerged as a pivotal choice for deep learning study and development. Python has become a leading language in deep learning due to its simplicity and the vast array of libraries available for developers and researchers. This article thoroughly examines the most broadly adopted deep learning packages within the Python system. The packages under scrutiny include TensorFlow, PyTorch, Keras, Theano, and Caffe. We exactly assess each of these packages to establish their typical features and capabilities. Moreover, the review explores into an in-depth analysis of the assets and weaknesses inherent in each package. This detailed exploration prepares readers with the information necessary to make informed decisions regarding the variety of the most suitable packages custom-made to their specific needs. This comprehensive review aims to propose a nuanced understanding of the landscape of popular deep learning packages and support practitioners and researchers in creation strategic and well-informed choices for their deep learning actions.
Une Histoire de la Pédagogie Critique et des Études Critiques en Éducation
Authors: Pereira Irene 
Published: January 2024

Cet article se donne pour objectif d’étudier la pédagogie critique et les théories critiques en éducation, en particulier depuis son émergence aux Etats-Unis à partir du début des années 1980. Nous soulignerons en particulier l’importance qu’a tenu l’oeuvre de Paulo Freire dans cette histoire. Nous distinguerons trois grandes étapes. La première est celle des années 1980 marquée par l’influence de la théorie critique de l’école de Francfort. La deuxième période est celle à partir des années 1990 caractérisée par les problématiques postmodernes et multiculturalistes. Pour cette séquence, on accorde une attention particulière à l’oeuvre pédagogique de bell hooks. Enfin, il est possible de distinguer une troisième période caractérisée par l’émergence de l’intersectionnalité et de la pensée décoloniale latino-américaine. Cette histoire de la pédagogie critique est marquée par des circulations intellectuelles entre l’aire anglophone et les aires de langues ibériques (espagnol et portugais), tandis que l’aire linguistique francophone reste largement extérieure à ces approches.
Synthesis of Flower-Like CuBi2O4 Microspheres and Its Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Muankaew Rapeepat , Banphot Chompunut , Thammaacheep Punyanuch , Jannoey Panatda , Khanitchaidecha Wilawan , Nakaruk Auppatham , Channei Duangdao 
Published: January 2024

In this study, visible-light copper bismuth oxide (CuBi2O4) photocatalyst were synthesized via co-precipitation (CuBi2O4-C) and microwave-assisted methods (CuBi2O4-M). The X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis reveals the presence of pure tetragonal, along with band gaps of 2.9 eV in both samples. The microwave-assisted method produced flower-like CuBi2O4 microspheres, which had a larger BET surface area and demonstrated the highest photocatalytic performance, approximately 83.4 % in the decolorization of malachite green (MG) dye under visible light. Therefore, the research suggested a facile strategy for the fast synthesis of CuBi2O4 microspheres under mild reaction conditions. The use of microwave heat treatment is a faster and more efficient way to photocatalyst materials, while also being cost-effective and energy-saving.
HIGHLIGHTS

The flower-like CuBi2O4 microspheres synthesized via the microwave-assisted method offer a promising approach for efficient and cost-effective photocatalysis, particularly in the degradation of malachite green dye under visible light. This study highlights the potential of microwave synthesis in enhancing the photocatalytic performance of CuBi2O4 materials

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
CONTABILIDAD, BIOCAPACIDAD, HUELLA ECOLÓGICA Y EL PIB EN PANAMÁ
Authors: Palacios Copete Marino José 
Published: January 2024

La investigación describe los indicadores de bienestar social y de sostenibilidad para la gestión de la conservación del medioambiente, desde el ámbito de las cuentas nacionales. Por consiguiente, se reconoce la contabilidad financiera que modelan valores medibles. Permitiendo arribar al indicador Producto Interno Bruto como, el que mide la relación de crecimiento económico en función del año base y los siguientes años. Valor positivo, cuando supera o es mayor al año base; para los inversionistas y los administradores públicos es un manifiesto de inversiones, no obstante, ha conllevado costo y afectaciones ambientales. La contabilidad nacional con valores medibles no monetarios; debe reconocer la huella ecológica y la biocapacidad en su relación, para informar como las actividades de inversión económica están afectando al medioambiente. El primero es producto de las actividades del ser humano y el segundo es la capacidad de absorción biológica del ecosistema de los gases de efecto invernadero. Estos indicadores llevan a la conclusión que desde 1965 a 2022 el bienestar económico de Panamá es creciente,ubicándose en el ranking número 60 en el año 2012 y en la posición 75 en el año 2022 de los 196 países que publican el PIB. Sin embargo, en el mismo periodo la biocapacidad de Panamá tuvo una disminución del 74% y la huella ecológica aumentó el 4%. Esto implica el desarrollo de políticas para que las inversiones se desarrollen con políticas amigables con el medioambiente que permitan la sostenibilidad del ecosistema biológico del planeta tierra y lograr los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible.
PRÁCTICA DE RESPONSABILIDAD SOCIAL EMPRESARIAL EN LOS HOTELES DE TRES ESTRELLAS DEL CORREGIMIENTO DE BELLA VISTA
Authors: Rengifo Morán Geniva del Carmen , Palacios Copete Marino José 
Published: January 2024

El estudio tiene como propósito analizar la responsabilidad social empresarial del sector hotelero tres estrellas en el corregimiento de Bella Vista. Para lo cual, se analizan los objetivos de desarrollo sostenibles, que busca alcanzar de manera equilibrada tres ámbitos de desarrollo sostenible: ámbito económico, social y el ambiental. La Responsabilidad Social Empresarial que suma rentabilidad social, ambiental y económica para la sustentabilidad de los hoteles y bienestar para los componentes ambientales y de la comunidad. El primero es la oportunidad del segundo, dando lugar a las iniciativas de sostenibilidad de la actividad de alojamiento estableciendo niveles de responsabilidad y competitividad. Estos criterios teóricos se aplican a los hoteles, a través de buscadores de alojamiento en la Web. Los hoteles se clasifican por estrella, observándose que los mismos tienen consideraciones heterogéneas en su clasificación. Los que accedió a agrupar al 12% de los hoteles tres estrellas que tienen similitud. Por consiguiente, se les realizó el análisis descriptivo y medible. Para llegar a la conclusión de que en el sector hotelero del corregimiento de Bella Vista el 67% de los hoteles tres estrellas evaluado en este estudio responde a iniciativas sostenibles y 33 % no tienen iniciativa sostenible. El 100% aún no ha logrado el primer nivel de iniciativa sostenible. En los primeros meses del año 2023 los visitantes aumentaron en 73.2%. La ocupación de los hoteles en general es de 58.9%, aumentado el sector sus ingresos al 28.5%. Crecimiento favorable para atender a los grupos interesados en el fortalecimiento de la responsabilidad social empresarial.