bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing HIV-Associated Post-Hospital Mortality Through Home-Based Care in South Africa: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hoffmann Christopher J , Shearer Kate , Kekana Boitumelo , Kerrigan Deanna , Moloantoa Tumelo , Golub Jonathan E , Variava Ebrahim , Martinson Neil A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Twenty-three percent of people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, PWH) die within 6 months of hospital discharge. We tested the hypothesis whether a series of structured home visits could reduce mortality.

Methods
We designed a disease neutral home visit package with up to 6 home visits starting 1-week post-hospitalization and every 2 weeks thereafter. The home visit team used a structured assessment algorithm to evaluate and triage social and medical needs of the participant and provide nutritional support. We compared all-cause mortality 6 months following discharge for the intervention compared to usual care in a pilot randomized trial conducted in South Africa. To inform potential scale-up we also included and separately analyzed a group of people without HIV (PWOH).

Results
We enrolled 125 people with HIV and randomized them 1:1 to the home visit intervention or usual care. Fourteen were late exclusions because of death prior to discharge or delayed discharge leaving 111 for analysis. The median age was 39 years, 31% were men; and 70% had advanced HIV disease. At 6 months among PWH 4 (7.3%) in the home visit arm and 10 (17.9%) in the usual care arm (P = .09) had died. Among the 70 PWOH enrolled overall 6-month mortality was 10.1%. Of those in the home visit arm, 91% received at least one home visit.

Conclusions
We demonstrated feasibility of delivering post-hospital home visits and demonstrated preliminary efficacy among PWH with a substantial, but not statistically significant, effect size (59% reduction in mortality). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related challenges resulted in under-enrollment.
Complementary role of governments, non-governmental organizations, industry, and medical societies in expanding bradycardia therapy access
Authors: Makkar Jitendra Singh , Milasinovic Goran , Ching Chi Keong 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
As the aging population continues to grow, so has the incidence of cardiovascular diseases, including bradycardia, with much of the burden falling on low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Pacemaker therapy remains the only guideline-recommended therapy for symptomatic bradycardia, but due to the cost and expertise required for pacemaker implants, patients in LMICs have less access to pacemaker therapies. However, with the concerted effort of organizations (governments, non-governmental organizations, industry, and medical societies) strides can continue to be made in improving access to care. Governments play a role in extending health coverage to its citizens and improving their physical and digital healthcare infrastructure. Non-governmental organizations promote access and awareness through charity and advocacy programs. Industries can continue innovating technology that is both affordable and accessible. Medical societies provide guidelines for treatment and necessary educational and networking opportunities for physicians who serve in LMICs. All of these organizations have individual responsibilities and goals in expanding access to bradycardia therapy, which can be more easily realized by their continued collaboration.
Interpreting the ECHR in Light of the Increasingly High Standards Being Required by Human Rights: Insights from Social Ontology
Authors: Wheatley Steven 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This article looks to make sense of those cases where the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) changes its position on interpretation in light of the increasingly high standards being required by human rights, when the Court applies the doctrine of evolutive interpretation to the ECHR’s object and purpose, as a Convention for the protection of ‘human rights’ (e.g. Selmouni v France). This raises two questions: What do we mean when we speak about ‘human rights’? Can the demands of human rights really change over time? Looking to the insights from social ontology, we can think of human rights as a social institution, emerging with the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and evolving with changes in human rights practices. Understood this way, reliance on the increasingly high standard doctrine becomes defensible when the ECtHR judgments are consistent with the evolving practices on human rights and the moral values that underpin the UDHR.
A combinatorial approach of Monarda citriodora essential oil (MEO) and linalool vapors to control fruit rot of Citrus limon caused by a new pathogen, Aspergillus foetidus, and its underlying mode of action
Authors: Poovathumkadavil Thambi Nidhin , Rani Pragya , Sharma Mohini , Katoch Meenu 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Aims
Citrus limon (lemon) is a widely cultivated citrus fruit. Significant postharvest losses due to fungi plague its production. Environmental and human health hazards have made the application of synthetic fungicides unsuitable. Despite the previous reports of antifungal activities of essential oil (EO) vapors, their synergistic combinations are understudied. Synergistic vapor combinations are advantageous due to less concentration of active components. This study aimed to isolate and identify postharvest fungal pathogens lemon and to evaluate the antifungal effects of synergistic Monarda citriodora EO (MEO)-constituent vapor combinations in vivo and in vitro.

Methods and results
Postharvest fungal pathogens of lemon (C. limon) were isolated from various infected samples. The most pathogenic isolate was identified through morphology and its ITS-based rRNA gene sequencing as Aspergillus foetidus (O4). This is the first report of A. foetidus as a postharvest pathogen of lemon. The minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) of MEO vapors treatment against O4 were 1346.15 µL/L air. For carvacrol, hexanal, and linalool, MFC was same (96.16 µL/L air). Checkerboard assays demonstrated that 1/4 MFC of MEO (336.54 µL/L air) and 1/4 MFC of linalool (24.04 µL/L air) (M + L) were synergistic against O4. M + L vapors reduced the O4 growth on lemons during storage by 64% ± 1.50% and preserved their quality (low weight loss %, unchanged pH, increased ascorbic acid content). Propidium iodide staining, ergosterol content analysis, calcofluor white staining and chitin content analysis revealed the integrity loss of the O4 plasma membrane and cell wall. 2′,7′-Dichlorofluorescin diacetate staining revealed accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis exposed the M + L treated mycelia with malformations.

Conclusions
M + L vapors offer protection for lemons from A. foetidus and preserve their quality during storage.
Bringing Human Rights Home: Access to Justice and the Role of Local Actors Implementing the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
Authors: Claessen Dorien , Lamkaddem Majda , Oomen Barbara , Eijkman Quirine 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Most European states have ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), but implementation varies at national and local levels with municipalities often playing a key role. Decentralization policies have often led to municipalities providing social support as well, but little attention has been paid to the accessibility of municipal support for persons with disabilities in the light of the CRPD. Therefore, this article presents the Dutch 2015 Social Support Act (SSA) as a case study. The SSA introduces the right to an assessment. This legal evaluation moment has far-reaching consequences for persons with disabilities as it serves as the gateway for access to reasonable accommodations under the CRPD. Dutch municipal councils implement their assessment systems in different ways, but social district teams are usually set up to execute the assessment under the mandate of the municipality. It is often the case that social workers fulfil both counselling and gatekeeping roles, despite the fact that they are not necessarily trained to combine these dual responsibilities. This article identifies impeding factors that influence the gaining of access to municipal social support at the level of the social system, the involved organizations and the individual professionals. It takes a legal-anthropological approach based on in-depth multidisciplinary interviews with experts in the field of disability rights advocacy, social policy and human rights, or with experiential expertise. The results indicate a lack of alignment between the SSA and the CRPD. The discussion gives recommendations for a broader implementation of the CRPD.
A measurement of Hubble constant using cosmographic approach combining fast radio bursts and supernovae
Authors: Gao Jiaze , Zhou Zhihuan , Du Minghui , Zou Rui , Hu Jianping , Xu Lixin 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
The Hubble constant (H0) is a crucial parameter in cosmology. Different cosmic observations have resulted in varying estimates results for H0, that is the well-known H0 tension. To address this issue, it is beneficial to use other data set to constrain H0. In this paper, via the cosmographic approach based on the Friedman–Lemaitre–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) metric to the dispersion measure (DM) of the intergalactic medium DMIGM(z) of fast radio bursts (FRBs), we obtain the Taylor expansion of 〈DMIGM(z)〉 in terms of redshift z. Utilizing the uncalibrated type Ia supernaove (SNe Ia) and 18 localized FRBs, we give the cosmological constraints, $H_0=65.5^{+6.4}_{-5.4}$ km s−1 Mpc−1 (68 per cent CL), cosmological deceleration parameter q0 = −0.50 ± 0.20 and the jerk parameter $j_0=-0.1^{+2.0}_{-2.5}$. To demonstrate the impact of parameter degeneracies on our analysis methods, we compare the results using three different forms of fIGM(z) and two different prior distributions of Ωb, 0. After that, we find that the uncertainty in H0 is not significantly affected by the width of the prior interval of fIGM(z) and Ωb, 0, but the mean value is influenced by the priors for fIGM(z) and Ωb, 0 due to parameter degeneracies with H0. Employing fIGM(z) that evolves with redshift, we obtain $H_0=69.0^{+6.7}_{-5.7}$ km s−1 Mpc−1. In addition, the mock analyses provide a posterior estimation of H0 with an accuracy of 4.6 per cent and higher precision for q0 and j0 in the near future.
SAX J1810.8−2609: an outbursting neutron star X-ray binary with persistent spatially coincident radio emission
Authors: Hughes A K , Sivakoff G R , van den Eijnden J , Fender R , Miller-Jones J C A , Tremou E 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Here, we report on joint X-ray and radio monitoring of the neutron star low-mass X-ray binary SAX J1810.8−2609. Our monitoring covered the entirety of its ${\sim }\, 5\,$ month outburst in 2021, revealing a temporal correlation between its radio and X-ray luminosity and X-ray spectral properties consistent with a ‘hard-only’ outburst. During the outburst, the best-fitting radio position shows significant variability, suggesting emission from multiple locations on the sky. Furthermore, our 2023 follow-up observations revealed a persistent, unresolved, steep spectrum radio source ${\sim }\, 2\,$ yr after SAX J1810.8−2609 returned to X-ray quiescence. We investigated potential origins of the persistent emission, which included an unrelated background source, long-lasting jet ejection(s), and SAX J1810 as a transitional millisecond pulsar. While the chance coincidence probability is low (${\lesssim }\, 0.16~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$), an unrelated background source remains the most likely scenario. SAX J1810.8−2609 goes into outburst every ${\sim }\, 5\,$ yr, so monitoring of the source during its next outburst at higher sensitivities and improved spatial resolutions (e.g. with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array or Square Kilometre Array) should be able to identify two components (if the persistent emission originates from a background source). If only one source is observed, this would be strong evidence that the persistent emission is local SAX J1810.8−2609, and future monitoring campaigns should focus on understanding the underlying physical mechanisms, as no neutron star X-ray binary has shown a persistent radio signal absent any simultaneous X-ray emission.
The genetic landscape of origins of replication in P. falciparum
Authors: Castellano Casilda Muñoz , Lacroix Laurent , Mathis Emilie , Prorok Paulina , Hennion Magali , Lopez-Rubio Jose-Juan , Méchali Marcel , Gomes Ana Rita 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Various origin mapping approaches have enabled genome-wide identification of origins of replication (ORI) in model organisms, but only a few studies have focused on divergent organisms. By employing three complementary approaches we provide a high-resolution map of ORIs in Plasmodium falciparum, the deadliest human malaria parasite. We profiled the distribution of origin of recognition complex (ORC) binding sites by ChIP-seq of two PfORC subunits and mapped active ORIs using NFS and SNS-seq. We show that ORIs lack sequence specificity but are not randomly distributed, and group in clusters. Licensing is biased towards regions of higher GC content and associated with G-quadruplex forming sequences (G4FS). While strong transcription likely enhances firing, active origins are depleted from transcription start sites. Instead, most accumulate in transcriptionally active gene bodies. Single molecule analysis of nanopore reads containing multiple initiation events, which could have only come from individual nuclei, showed a relationship between the replication fork pace and the distance to the nearest origin. While some similarities were drawn with the canonic eukaryote model, the distribution of ORIs in P. falciparum is likely shaped by unique genomic features such as extreme AT-richness—a product of evolutionary pressure imposed by the parasitic lifestyle.
Using energy to go downhill—a genoprotective role for ATPase activity in DNA topoisomerase II
Authors: Bandak Afif F , Blower Tim R , Nitiss Karin C , Shah Viraj , Nitiss John L , Berger James M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Type II topoisomerases effect topological changes in DNA by cutting a single duplex, passing a second duplex through the break, and resealing the broken strand in an ATP-coupled reaction cycle. Curiously, most type II topoisomerases (topos II, IV and VI) catalyze DNA transformations that are energetically favorable, such as the removal of superhelical strain; why ATP is required for such reactions is unknown. Here, using human topoisomerase IIβ (hTOP2β) as a model, we show that the ATPase domains of the enzyme are not required for DNA strand passage, but that their loss elevates the enzyme's propensity for DNA damage. The unstructured C-terminal domains (CTDs) of hTOP2β strongly potentiate strand passage activity in ATPase-less enzymes, as do cleavage-prone mutations that confer hypersensitivity to the chemotherapeutic agent etoposide. The presence of either the CTD or the mutations lead ATPase-less enzymes to promote even greater levels of DNA cleavage in vitro, as well as in vivo. By contrast, aberrant cleavage phenotypes of these topo II variants is significantly repressed when the ATPase domains are present. Our findings are consistent with the proposal that type II topoisomerases acquired ATPase function to maintain high levels of catalytic activity while minimizing inappropriate DNA damage.
Differentiable partition function calculation for RNA
Authors: Matthies Marco C , Krueger Ryan , Torda Andrew E , Ward Max 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is an essential molecule in a wide range of biological functions. In 1990, McCaskill introduced a dynamic programming algorithm for computing the partition function of an RNA sequence. McCaskill’s algorithm is widely used today for understanding the thermodynamic properties of RNA. In this work, we introduce a generalization of McCaskill’s algorithm that is well-defined over continuous inputs. Crucially, this enables us to implement an end-to-end differentiable partition function calculation. The derivative can be computed with respect to the input, or to any other fixed values, such as the parameters of the energy model. This builds a bridge between RNA thermodynamics and the tools of differentiable programming including deep learning as it enables the partition function to be incorporated directly into any end-to-end differentiable pipeline. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our new approach, we tackle the inverse folding problem directly using gradient optimization. We find that using the gradient to optimize the sequence directly is sufficient to arrive at sequences with a high probability of folding into the desired structure. This indicates that the gradients we compute are meaningful.
Microcredit: equilibrium effects
Authors: Bagga Aanchal , Kinnan Cynthia 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Changes to access to credit can potentially cause changes to the returns to various factors—general equilibrium (GE) effects. This paper considers changes in wages, prices of goods and services, interest rates, and in the returns to forming or maintaining social ties. Such GE effects can lead to positive and/or negative indirect effects on economic agents, including those who are not directly affected by a given credit policy. Thus such effects matter for the average level and distribution of impacts resulting from credit access. In addition, GE effects have implications for research design, in that those who are indirectly affected via GE channels are generally not a valid counterfactual for those who are directly affected.
Automatic estimation of lipid content from in situ images of Arctic copepods using machine learning
Authors: Maps Frédéric , Storożenko Piotr Pasza , Świeżewski Jędrzej , Ayata Sakina-Dorothée 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In Arctic marine ecosystems, large planktonic copepods form a crucial hub of matter and energy. Their energy-rich lipid stores play a central role in marine trophic networks and the biological carbon pump. Since the past ~15 years, in situ imaging devices provide images whose resolution allows us to estimate an individual copepod’s lipid sac volume, and this reveals many ecological information inaccessible otherwise. One such device is the Lightframe On-sight Keyspecies Investigation. However, when done manually, weeks of work are needed by trained personnel to obtain such information for only a handful of sampled images. We removed this hurdle by training a machine learning algorithm (a convolutional neural network) to estimate the lipid content of individual Arctic copepods from the in situ images. This algorithm obtains such information at a speed (a few minutes) and a resolution (individuals, over half a meter on the vertical), allowing us to revisit historical datasets of in situ images to better understand the dynamics of lipid production and distribution and to develop efficient monitoring protocols at a moment when marine ecosystems are facing rapid upheavals and increasing threats.
Disclosure of Bank-Specific Information and the Stability of Financial Systems
Authors: Dai Liang , Luo Dan , Yang Ming 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We find that disclosing bank-specific information reallocates systemic risk, but whether it mitigates systemic bank runs depends on the nature of information disclosed. Disclosure reveals banks’ resilience to adverse shocks and shifts systemic risk from weak to strong banks. Yet, only disclosure of banks’ exposure to systemic risk can mitigate systemic bank runs because it shifts systemic risk from more vulnerable banks to those less vulnerable. Disclosure of banks’ idiosyncratic shortfalls of funds does not differentiate such exposure, rendering the resultant reallocation of systemic risk ineffective in mitigating systemic runs.
Endoscopic Predictors of Residual Tumor After Total Neoadjuvant Therapy: A Post Hoc Analysis From the Organ Preservation in Rectal Adenocarcinoma Trial
Authors: Williams Hannah , Thompson Hannah M. , Lin Sabrina T. , Verheij Floris S. , Omer Dana M. , Qin Li-Xuan , Garcia-Aguilar Julio ,   On behalf of the OPRA Consortium
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND:
Restaging endoscopy plays a critical role in selecting locally advanced rectal cancer patients who respond to neoadjuvant therapy for nonoperative management.

OBJECTIVE:
This study evaluated the restaging endoscopic features that best predict the presence of residual tumor in the bowel wall.

DESIGN:
This was a post hoc analysis of a prospective randomized trial.

SETTINGS:
The Organ Preservation in Rectal Adenocarcinoma Trial randomized patients across 18 institutions with stage II/III rectal adenocarcinoma to receive either induction or consolidation total neoadjuvant therapy. Surgeons completed a restaging tumor assessment form, which stratified patients across three tiers of clinical response.

PATIENTS:
Patients enrolled in the Organ Preservation in Rectal Adenocarcinoma Trial with a completed tumor assessment form were included.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
The main outcome was residual tumor, which was defined as either an incomplete clinical response or local tumor regrowth within two years of restaging. Independent predictors of residual tumor were identified using backwards-selected multivariable logistic regression analysis. Subgroup analyses for complete and near complete clinical responders were performed.

RESULTS:
Surgeons completed restaging forms for 263 patients at a median of 7.7 weeks after neoadjuvant therapy; 128 (48.7%) had residual tumor. On multivariable regression analysis, several characteristics of a near complete response, including ulcer (OR 6.66; 95%CI 2.54-19.9), irregular mucosa (OR 3.66; 95% CI 1.61-8.68) and nodularity (OR 2.96; 95%CI 1.36-6.58) remained independent predictors of residual tumor. A flat scar was associated with lower odds of harboring residual disease (OR 0.32; 95% CI 0.11-0.93) for patients categorized as complete clinical responders.

LIMITATIONS:
Limitations of this study include analysis of endoscopic features at a single time point and ambiguities in tumor assessment form response criteria.

CONCLUSIONS:
Patients with ulcer, nodularity or irregular mucosa on restaging endoscopy have higher odds of residual tumor. Recognizing these features’ negative prognostic implications will help surgeons better select candidates for nonoperative management and suggests that patients with high-risk characteristics would benefit from close interval surveillance.