bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validity and Reliability of a Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire for Adolescents
Authors: Ruiz Lyndsey D , Jones Anna M , Scherr Rachel E 
Published: November 2023

The objective of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of a nutrition knowledge questionnaire for an adolescent population. The primary purpose of evaluating the questionnaire in this adolescent group was to determine if the tool would be a valid and reliable measure of nutrition knowledge in a subsequent nutrition intervention. The original questionnaire was evaluated for use in Californian adults and contained four sections, of which two were determined to be most relevant for the subsequent study: advice about nutrition from experts and nutrients in foods. These sections were administered unmodified to a convenience sample of high school students divided into two groups. The first group consisted of ninth grade students (n=33) with no prior nutrition education who completed the questionnaire during their health class period. The second group, consisting of tenth grade students (n=37) who had previously received nutrition education, completed the questionnaire during the lunch period. Students self‐reported their current age on the questionnaire. Data were used to assess construct validity, internal consistency, item discrimination, and item difficulty. Questions were eliminated based on predefined criteria, unless determined directly relevant to the subsequent intervention. An initial assessment of internal consistency resulted in a Cronbach's alpha = 0.75. However, a two‐tailed t‐test with the unmodified questionnaire demonstrated no significant difference in mean percent correct between grade groups (p>0.28). An item‐total correlation test was conducted and questions scoring less than 0.2, indicating low item discrimination, were identified. Questions that either group scored less than ten percent or greater than eighty percent correct were also identified. Of the 50 original questions, 16 were eliminated. After elimination of questions, a two‐tailed t‐test showed a statistically significant difference in mean percent correct between grade groups (p<0.05). The questionnaire had adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's α=0.70) after elimination of questions. These results suggest that the modified questionnaire is valid and reliable for measuring nutrition knowledge in 13–16 year old adolescents.Support or Funding InformationSupported by UCANR #15‐3723.
Timing of lifestyle modification for type II Diabetes Mellitus: Meta analysis of effectiveness
Authors: Shin Dongsoon , Park Yujin 
Published: November 2023

Diabetes Mellitus, especially type II Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), is one of diseases being important of lifestyle modification as a medical therapy. Among them, nutrition education as well as exercise is a main strategy to control fasting blood glucose. The aim of this research is to determine appropriate time for both interventions according to blood glucose level and BMI of patients with T2DM. We searched DBpia and KISS from 2015 to 2016, and collected 109 articles. From this, we selected 30 articles written Korean hospitals or public health centers. All articles had mean values of fasting blood glucose (FBG) concentration (mg/dl) and BMI (kg/m2) measured at pre and post exercise or nutrition education at least four weeks and over twelve weeks follow‐up. The collected articles were divided 4 groups depending on exercise or nutrition education treatment besides of drug and diet therapy. Three articles reported no treatment was considered as control groups. Data were extracted in IBM SPSS Statistics Data Editor. The results are as follows; total number of subjects was 870 persons. Average age of subjects was 55.4(+/6.7) years old and the range was 52.1~58.2 years old. Their average BMI was 24.6(+/_0.7) kg/m2 and the range was 24.3~25.5 kg/m2. And average FBG concentration was 157.3(+/_30.7) mg/dl and range was 118.0~228.9 mg/dl. After treatment, FBG and BMI of subjects showed no significant differences. However there was statistically significant difference in the mean difference of FBG concentrations between pre‐ and post‐ nutrition education intervention (p<.009). Interestingly higher BMI level at initial was, the more exercise tended to be tried (p<.051). While the lower FBG concentration were, the more nutrition education were applied (p<.0001). Conclusively the appropriate timing might be needed to intervene to T2DM patients with exercise or nutrition education treatments depending on subject's FBG and BMI conditions.Support or Funding InformationThis research is supported by grant from Kyungnam University.
The Effect of Nighttime Energy Intake on BMI‐Z scores During Early Childhood
Authors: Alnaim Lubna Abdulrahman , Taylor Matthew , Thodosoff Jocelynn , Sullivan Debora , Carlson Susan 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundConsuming greater energy in the evening tends to be associated with excess weight. Cheng et al. (AJCN 2016) recently reported that weight status at 24 month of age was positively associated with being categorized as a nighttime eater at 12 months in a cohort from Singapore. Little is known about the influence of nighttime feeding on weight status in US infant.ObjectiveTo determine if nighttime (NT) energy consumption at 12 & 18 months is associated with weight status at 24 months in a US cohort.DesignData were obtained from offspring born to women in the Kansas University DHA Outcome Study (KUDOS) (n=168). Dietary intakes were assessed by 24‐h dietary recall at 12 and 18 month of age. BMI‐for‐age‐z scores (BAZs) were computed with the use of the WHO Child Growth Standards 2016 to determine weight status at 24 months of age. Energy intake was classified as daytime (DT) (7:00 to 18:59) or NT (19:00–06:59); and the proportion of NT feeding compared to BAZs at 24 months. In this sample, 6.5 % of children were identified as NT eater at 12 months (n=11) and 7.1% at 18 months (n=12).ResultsThere was no significant association between the proportion of NT feeding at 12 months (r2=0.003, P=0.485, B=0.054) or 18 months with BAZ at 24 months (r2=0.006, P=0.992, B=0.008).SummaryIn contrast to Cheng et al (AJCN 2016), we find no evidence that NT energy intake in early childhood is associated with higher BMI at 24 months.
Exploring Physicians' Perspectives on Nutrition Education Delivery to the Mother‐Infant Dyad
Authors: Uribe Alexandra Luisa MacMillan , Martonffy A Ildiko , Olson Beth H 
Published: November 2023

Maternal and infant nutrition education interventions have focused on education targeted to either the nutrition of the mother or the feeding of the infant, and not the dyad. Thus far, there has been limited success in obtaining sustained healthy eating or feeding behaviors. During the first year postpartum, mothers do not focus on their own health‐related needs, yet the mother and infant's health is closely intertwined, especially for breastfeeding mothers. Nutrition education focused on the mother‐infant dyad may be more effective than working with moms separate from their infant. Studies that attempt to modify healthy behaviors for both the mother and infant are few but show promise. Mothers with infants, however, are difficult to reach and retain over the longer term with educational programs. Mothers report a large number of infant and/or family care responsibilities and limited time and resources for these responsibilities. One approach is to provide nutrition education to the dyad through postpartum visits combined with well‐child visits, the latter of which occur seven or more times during the first year and are well attended compared to other preventive care. Physicians are identified as an authoritative source of health information for new mothers, however, their information is reported as being difficult to implement. The purpose of this study is to explore family medicine physicians' (FMP) perspectives on delivering nutrition education to the mother‐infant dyad. FMPs were chosen because they could provide important insight; they may have both the mother and the infant as patients and they are more familiar with the medical care workflow in their clinics. In‐depth interviews were conducted with 17 FMPs in Wisconsin. The interview guide was semi‐structured and utilized probing techniques. Content analysis guided coding, comparison of FMPs' experiences and ideas, and identification of emergent themes. The following major themes were identified: (1) desire for better nutrition education delivered within a clinic setting; (2) a co‐facilitated group‐care model as an ideal method of delivering nutrition education; however, (3) issues exist with a group‐care model related to logistics and reimbursement, as well as patient participation. Overall, the results indicate that a group‐approach to nutrition education delivery for the mother‐infant dyad is a preferred model by this group of FMPs with beliefs of effectiveness and efficiency. However, common challenges associated with group care must be addressed if this type of program were to be instituted and sustained in health care settings.Support or Funding InformationWisconsin Alumni Research Foundation
Emotional Eating is associated with intake of energy‐dense foods in Latinos
Authors: Lopez‐Cepero Andrea Alexandra , Frisard Christine , Lemon Stephenie , Rosal Milagros 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundLatinos experience profound health disparities in diet‐related chronic conditions. Emotional eating (EE) has been positively associated with such conditions, however, little is known about the relationship between EE and energy‐dense food intake that may influence risk for developing these conditions.ObjectiveTo examine associations between EE and energy‐dense food intake in Latino men and women.MethodsLatino individuals were recruited from a community health center in Lawrence, MA. Participants completed standardized assessments. EE was measured with the Three Factor Eating Behavior Questionnaire R18‐V2. Dietary intake was measured with a culturally tailored Food Frequency Questionnaire. Energy‐dense food groups defined as food groups exceeding 225calories per 100 grams were identified. Covariates considered in this analysis included: age, sex, education, employment status and BMI. Statistical analysis consisted of multivariable logistic regression.ResultsA total of 201 participants were included in this analysis (53.7% female, 68.1% Dominicans). After adjusting for covariates, EE was significantly associated with high intake of sweet and/or fatty foods, namely dairy desserts (i.e., ice‐cream, sherbet and frozen yogurt) (OR=1.55; 95%CI=1.08, 2.21; p=0.017), oleaginous fruits (i.e., nuts and seeds) (OR=1.44; 95%CI=1.01, 2.05; p=0.046) and baked goods (i.e., cakes, cookies, pies, doughnuts and muffins) (OR=1.54; 95%CI=1.07, 2.20; p=0.020).ConclusionEE was positively associated with consumption of energy‐dense foods in this Latino sample. Future studies should examine longitudinal associations between EE, intake of energy‐dense foods and risk of chronic health conditions. Understanding these associations can unveil potential intervention targets for Latinos at high risk of diet‐related chronic health conditions.Support or Funding InformationThis work was funded by grants from the National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH085653‐04), National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities (5 P60 MD006912‐03), and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (1 U48 DP005031‐01).
Adaptation and Validation of the Nutrition Environment Measures Survey in Stores (NEMS‐S) in Costa Rica
Authors: Golfin Francesca , Murillo Carla , Jensen Melissa L , Frongillo Edward A 
Published: November 2023

Overweight and obesity affect 21.4% of children, 20.8% of adolescents and close to 60% of adults in Costa Rica. The nutrition environment, which includes the social, political and environmental factors that influence the access to food, might play an important role in the development of obesity, as evidence suggests that local food stores are associated with unhealthy eating patterns.An array of instruments and measures have been developed and validated to assess food environment. The objective of this study is to adapt and validate the Nutrition Environment Measures Survey for Stores (NEMS‐S) in Costa Rica.The original NEMS‐S was translated to Spanish (and renamed IMANEA), and its food categories were adapted to the Costa Rican context. The instrument was pre‐tested in a selection of food stores different from our study sample, and changes were made in formatting and food categories. The resulting instrument was used to assess 29 food stores on three non‐consecutive days by two evaluators. The food store sample included supermarkets, “minisupers” (e.g. convenience stores), and “pulperías” (e.g. corner store). Specialized food stores such as pastries, farmer's markets, and butchery shops were excluded since they only offer a limited type of food.Food stores were assessed in La Union de Cartago for seven food categories. Inter‐rater and intra‐rater reliability were measured through intra‐class coefficient (ICC). Construct validity was determined using known‐groups method through Student's t‐test. All food categories had an ICC between 0.55 and 0.70, except the vegetables category (ICC=0.83), which suggests moderate to excellent reliability.The IMANEA represents the first adapted and validated instrument designed to measure nutrition environment in food stores in Costa Rica. It could be used as a tool in future obesity research, as well as an instrument to develop interventions that encourage healthy eating through the modification of the nutrition environment in food stores. Furthermore, IMANEA could complement research assessing food security and could be used as a reference in other developing countries of the region.
Brain Response to Food Brands Is Positively Associated With Laboratory Intake at a Branded Meal in Children
Authors: Masterson Travis D , Bermudez Maria , Stein Wendy , Beidler Emma , English Laural , Keller Kathleen L 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundFood companies spend over $7.4 billion per year on child‐targeted food advertisements focused on establishing brand loyalty. Although branding and advertising are ubiquitous, not all children are equally susceptible to their effects.ObjectiveThe objectives of this study were 1) to determine whether food brands evoke differential activation in brain areas related to brand recognition, food motivation, and inhibitory control when compared to non‐food brands or control images using blood oxygen dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD fMRI) and 2) to determine the association between child brain responses to food brands and energy intake at a branded meal.MethodsUsing a within‐subjects, cross‐over design with repeated measures, children completed four visits, each scheduled one week apart. During the first three visits, children consumed ad libitum, multi‐item test‐meals delivered in a randomized order using three presentation conditions: familiar food brands, a novel food brand, and no brand (control). On the fourth visit children completed an fMRI scan where they passively viewed food brands (e.g., Kraft®, Motts®, etc.) and non‐food brands (e.g., Nike®, Tide®, etc.). A whole‐brain analysis was conducted on the fMRI data using two contrasts, food brands > non‐food brands and food brands > control images. Results were corrected for multiple comparisons using a voxel‐wise P<0.001 and spatial extent threshold of 1 to yield an overall P<0.05. Pearson correlations were calculated to determine the association between brain response to food versus non‐food brands and children's intake at branded meals versus control.ResultsRelative to non‐food brands, food brand images were associated with increased activity in the L. Post Central Gyrus (P=0.01). Relative to control, food brand images resulted in greater activation in the R. IFG (P=0.007) and decreased activation in the L. Fusiform Gyrus (P=0.0006). The activation in the R. IFG was positively associated with the difference in energy intake at the branded meal versus the control (r=0.556; P=0.004).ConclusionFood brands compared to non‐food brands and control images evoked greater activation in brain areas implicated in motivation (i.e., L. Post Central Gyrus) and inhibitory control (i.e., R. IFG). Food‐brand associated activity in the R. IFG, a region implicated in inhibitory control, predicted children's consumption from test‐meals presented with food brands (compared to control). These findings may help explain differences in the susceptibility to the intake‐promoting effects of food advertising in children.
Who Benefits Most From Personalized Nutrition? Findings From The Pan‐European Food4Me Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Livingstone Katherine M , Celis‐Morales Carlos , Mathers John 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveThis study aimed to characterize individuals who benefited most from a proof‐of‐principle personalized nutrition (PN) intervention.MethodsAdults (n=555; 19–85 years) from the Food4Me personalized nutrition intervention – a 6‐month, web‐based, randomized control trial conducted across 7 European countries – were included in this analysis. Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scores at baseline and month 6 were derived from food frequency questionnaires. Self‐report questionnaires collected socio‐demographic, anthropometric and behavioral characteristics at baseline. Logistic (odd ratio; 95% CI) and linear regression (margins) compared characteristics between the top tertile (most benefit) and bottom tertile (least benefit) of change in HEI at month 6.ResultsIndividuals who benefited most were on average older (44 vs 38 years; P<0.0001), more likely to be female (66% vs 52%; P=0.004) and had higher physical activity levels (1.8 vs 1.7; P=0.035). Odds of benefitting were lower in Germans (0.52; 0.28 to 0.97) and Greeks (0.53; 0.30 to 0.95) and higher in Spaniards (2.29; 1.32 to 4.00). Individuals who skipped meals (0.43; 0.20 to 0.92) had lower odds of benefitting, while individuals who reported frequently eating healthily (1.82; 1.14 to 2.92) and without having to think about it (1.55; 1.01 to 2.37) had higher odds of benefitting. Individuals wanting to know what foods were best for them (2.26; 1.34 to 3.80) and wanting to improve their wellbeing (1.69; 1.12 to 2.55) were more likely to benefit from PN. No differences were observed for smoking habits, occupation and adiposity measures.ConclusionsThis proof‐of‐principle intervention demonstrated that older females with healthier dietary behaviors and a desire to improve their wellbeing are those most likely to benefit from PN advice. These findings confirm the need to enhance PN interventions to improve their effectiveness in other population groups e.g. young men.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by the European Commission under the Food, Agriculture, Fisheries and Biotechnology Theme of the 7th Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development [265494]. KML acknowledges support from the Alfred Deakin Postdoctoral Research Fellowship.
Vitamin D status and anthropometric measurements of children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis compared to healthy children using the Canadian Health Measures Survey
Authors: Finch Sarah L , Rezaei Elham L , Whiting Susan J , Rosenberg Alan M , Vatanparast Hassan 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundNutritional impairment can be a factor that contributes to reduced growth in children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA). One nutrient that might influence growth and be considered in the management of JIA is vitamin D.ObjectiveTo evaluate vitamin D status and growth parameters in children with JIA compared to healthy children.MethodsData from the Canadian multicenter Biologically Based Outcome Predictors (BBOP) study in JIA (n=136) and the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS, n=3,201,735) were used. BBOP data from children, aged 6–16 years with new onset JIA, were compared to age‐matched healthy children from CHMS cycle 1 and 2 for 25(OH)D concentrations, supplement use, milk intake, season of birth, height, weight and BMI z‐scores (age and sex specific). Means and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to determine significance.ResultsMean 25(OH)D status was significantly higher for JIA patients (79 ± 3.1 nmol/L vs. 68 ± 1.8 nmol/L) who reported use of a supplement with vitamin D more often (50% vs. 7% p <0.05). The prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency (<30 nmol/L) was 6% for both groups. Children with JIA were more significantly likely to be born in the fall (JIA: 29 ± 3.9 % healthy: 22 ± 1.2 %) and winter (JIA: 33 ± 4.0%, healthy: 24 ± 1.2 %) compared with healthy children who were significantly more likely to be born in the spring (healthy: 27 ± 1.2% JIA: 19 ± 3.4% p<0.05) and summer (healthy: 27 ± 1.5% vs. JIA; 19 ± 3.4%). The proportion of children in each BMI class did not differ between the two groups. Weight and height z‐scores were significantly higher in healthy children (weight: 0.57 ± 0.05 vs −0.12 ± 0.16, height: 0.31 ± 0.04 vs. −0.11 ± 0.10). Daily milk intake was associated with a significantly higher 25(OH)D status (JIA: 86 ± 5.0 nmol/L vs. 70 ±1.8 nmol/L, healthy: 74 ± 5.2 nmol/L vs. 60 ± 2.3 nmol/L).ConclusionChildren with JIA are shorter and weigh less than healthy children. Vitamin D, which was adequate in the JIA population, is not likely to be a factor accounting for impeded growth. Season of birth may reflect vitamin D status in utero or during the first few months of life. Further research into what role vitamin D status plays in the development and progression of JIA is required.Support or Funding InformationFunding provided by the Children's Hospital Foundation of Saskatchewan http://medicine.usask.ca/BBOPStudyTeam.pdf
Vitamin C and Zinc Concentrations are Associated with Lower Risk of Inflammation in a School‐aged Population of Children in Rural Mexico
Authors: Garcia Olga P , Torres Karen , Zavala Gerardo A , Camacho Mariela , Ronquillo Dolores , Rosado Jorge L 
Published: November 2023

Micronutrient deficiencies may contribute to the inflammatory processes observed in obesity. The relationship between serum micronutrients and inflammatory cytokines in school‐aged children is currently unknown. The aim of this cross‐sectional study was to evaluate the relationship of micronutrient concentrations and inflammatory cytokines in 300 school‐aged children (8.02 ± 1.5 y) in a rural area of Querétaro, Mexico. Serum zinc, iron, vitamins A, C, D, and E, inflammatory markers (IL‐6, IL‐10, TNF‐α, CRP, leptin), glucose, lipid profile, and insulin were assessed. Anthropometry measurements (weight, height and waist circumference), body composition (DXA) and blood pressure were also determined. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 18% and 11%, respectively; a total of 43.1% of the children had excess body fat. The prevalence of zinc deficiency and vitamin D low concentrations were high (15.2% and 77.9%, respectively). Zinc deficiency, and not vitamin D deficiency, increased the risk of elevated concentrations of IL‐6 (OR= 2.57; 95%CI: 1.26, 5.24) and IL‐10 (OR=2.73; 95%CI: 1.33, 5.61, p<0.05). Of all the micronutrients studied, only zinc was associated with reduced risks of having elevated concentrations of IL‐6 (OR=0.96; 95%CI: 0.94,0.98) and IL‐10 (OR=0.97; 0.95,0.99). Data was further analyzed according to the body fat content of the children and if they were overweight/obese or normal weight. The odds of having high concentrations of IL‐6 (OR=0.82; 0.67,0.99) or IL‐10 (OR=0.80; 0.66,0.97) were reduced in children with normal body fat and high vitamin C levels. Overweight and obese children with higher zinc concentrations had reduced odds of elevated IL‐6 (OR=0.90; 95%CI: 0.85, 0.96, p<0.05) and TNF‐α (OR=0.93; 95%CI: 0.88, 0.97 p<0.05). In addition, children with higher zinc concentration that had excess body fat had reduced odds of elevated IL‐6 (OR=0.94; 95%CI: 0.91, 0.98, p<0.05). In conclusion, in this population, higher zinc and vitamin C concentrations are associated with reduced odds of higher concentration of inflammation markers.Support or Funding InformationPartially funded by INSK