bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthetic β-sheets mimicking fibrillar and oligomeric structures for evaluation of spectral X-ray scattering technique for biomarker quantification
Authors: Suresh Karthika , Dahal Eshan , Badano Aldo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Archetypical cross-β spines sharpen the boundary between functional and pathological proteins including β-amyloid, tau, α-synuclein and transthyretin are linked to many debilitating human neurodegenerative and non-neurodegenerative amyloidoses. An increased focus on development of pathogenic β-sheet specific fluid and imaging structural biomarkers and conformation-specific monoclonal antibodies in targeted therapies has been recently observed. Identification and quantification of pathogenic oligomers remain challenging for existing neuroimaging modalities.

Results
We propose two artificial β-sheets which can mimic the nanoscopic structural characteristics of pathogenic oligomers and fibrils for evaluating the performance of a label free, X-ray based biomarker detection and quantification technique. Highly similar structure with elliptical cross-section and parallel cross-β motif is observed among recombinant α-synuclein fibril, Aβ-42 fibril and artificial β-sheet fibrils. We then use these β-sheet models to assess the performance of spectral small angle X-ray scattering (sSAXS) technique for detecting β-sheet structures. sSAXS showed quantitatively accurate detection of antiparallel, cross-β artificial oligomers from a tissue mimicking environment and significant distinction between different oligomer packing densities such as diffuse and dense packings.

Conclusion
The proposed synthetic β-sheet models mimicked the nanoscopic structural characteristics of β-sheets of fibrillar and oligomeric states of Aβ and α-synuclein based on the ATR-FTIR and SAXS data. The tunability of β-sheet proportions and shapes of structural motifs, and the low-cost of these β-sheet models can become useful test materials for evaluating β-sheet or amyloid specific biomarkers in a wide range of neurological diseases. By using the proposed synthetic β-sheet models, our study indicates that the sSAXS has potential to evaluate different stages of β-sheet-enriched structures including oligomers of pathogenic proteins.
Psychometric properties of the nine-item avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder screen (NIAS) in Turkish children
Authors: Öğütlü Hakan , Kaşak Meryem , Doğan Uğur , Zickgraf Hana F. , Türkçapar Mehmet Hakan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
The nine item avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder screen (NIAS) is a short and practical assessment tool specific to ARFID with three ARFID phenotypes such as “Picky eating,” “Fear,” and “Appetite”. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Turkish translation of the NIAS parent form and to investigate the relationship between ARFID symptoms and anxiety, depression symptoms, and eating behaviors in a sample of Turkish children.

Method
Parents were asked to provide their children's sociodemographic data and to complete the NIAS, Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire-Short (EDE-QS), Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ), and Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) scales.

Results
The sample included 440 participants between 6 and 12 ages. Turkish NIAS demonstrated good internal consistency. The three-factor model of the Turkish NIAS was in an acceptable structure. The Turkish NIAS scale was shown to be valid and reliable. NIAS scores were shown to be higher in underweight participants. The NIAS-parent version subscales showed expected convergent and divergent validity with the CEBQ, EDEQ-S, and RCADS scales in children, except CEBQ emotional overeating and desire to drink subscales were correlated with NIAS.

Conclusion
The Turkish version of the NIAS is valid and reliable in evaluating ARFID symptoms in children.
Trends in the disease burden of anxiety disorders in middle-aged and older adults in China
Authors: Zhi Zeng , Yan Shi , Yijuan He , Jiahuan Zheng , Xiaohan Jiang , Dandan Chen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Anxiety disorders in middle-aged and older adults are an important public health concern in China. Based on the data in the global disease burden (GDB) research database, this study evaluated and analyzed the trend of the disease burden of middle-aged and older patients living with anxiety in China in the past 30 years.

Methods
The incidence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) data of anxiety disorders in China for individuals aged 45–89 years were collected from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, and the effects of age, period, and cohort on the incidence of and DALY rate for anxiety disorders were analysed using an age-period-cohort model. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the global disease burden research database has not been updated since 2019. However, this did not affect the analysis of future trends in this study, which combined data in the past three decades from 1990 to 2019.

Results
(1) The overall age-standardised incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardised DALY rate (ASDR) for anxiety disorders in middle-aged and older adults in China decreased by 4.0 and 7.7% from 1990 to 2019, respectively, and the ASIR and ASDR were always higher in women than in men. (2)Age-period-cohort analysis showed that the net drifts for incidence and DALY rate were − 0.27% and − 0.55% per year, respectively. For both genders, the local drifts for incidence were lower than zero in those aged 45–79 years and higher than zero in those aged 80–89 years; the local drifts for the DALY rate were lower than zero in all groups. (3) From the 1990–1994 to 2015–2019, the relative risks of anxiety disorder incidence and DALY decreased by 5.6 and 7.3% in men and 4.3 and 11.7% in women, respectively.

Conclusion
The disease burden of anxiety disorders in middle-aged and older adults in China has been relieved over the past 30 years; however, recent ASDR, ASDR, period, and cohort effects have shown adverse trends. The incidence and DALY rate decreased with age in women, while men showed a trend of increasing first and decreasing afterwards.
The regeneration policy and housing issue. The Italian case read through the history of Foggia (IT)
Authors: Annese Mariella , Ariola Laura , Mezzapesa Ilaria Lucia , Roberto Natalia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUrban regeneration is aimed at improving settlement contexts, and indirectly at solving the housing issue. In Italy there is no national regulation on urban regeneration, but many policies from 2000 up to now have resorted to it with the aim of intervening and containing the housing problem. The work examines the city of Foggia, in southern Italy, an area in a demographic contraction, but equally characterized by “high housing tension”, indeed there are numerous eviction proceedings, in the private and public sector of the house, and, as a consequence, phenomena of illegal occupation housing, abandoned buildings, informal settlements. The research will look at how in the last 20 years various national public funding (among these, the last PNRR—Piano Nazionale di Ripresa e Resilienza derived from the Next Generation EU) and regional ones have resorted to urban regeneration strategies to address the problem, reporting failures, gaps and relevant issues.
How changes in depression severity and borderline personality disorder intensity are linked – a cohort study of depressed patients with and without borderline personality disorder
Authors: Söderholm John J. , Socada J. Lumikukka , Ekelund Jesper , Isometsä Erkki 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is often complicated by comorbid major depressive episodes (MDEs), which can occur as part of major depressive disorder (MDD) or bipolar disorder (BD). Such comorbidity is related to worse outcomes in both disorders. Subsyndromal features of BPD are also common in depression. However, studies of simultaneous changes in BPD and depression severities are scarce, and their interactions are poorly understood.

Aims
Studying the associations between changes in BPD and depression symptoms over the course of an MDE.

Methods
In a 6-month naturalistic cohort study of MDE/BPD, MDE/MDD, and MDE/BD patients (N = 95), we measured change in BPD features between baseline and six months with the Borderline Personality Disorder Severity Index (BPDSI), an interviewer-rated instrument quantifying recent temporal frequency of BPD symptoms. We examined changes in BPD severity and their correlation with depression severity and other clinical measures and compared these across patient groups.

Results
There were significant reductions in BPD severity, both in number of positive BPD criteria (-0.35, sd 1.38, p = 0.01672) and in BPDSI scores (-4.23, SD 6.74, p < 0.001), reflecting mainly a reduction in temporal frequency of symptoms. These were similar in all diagnostic groups. In multivariate regression models, changes in depression severity independently associated with changes in symptoms in the BDSI. This relationship was strongest in MDE/BPD patients but was not found in MDD patients without BPD.

Conclusions
In the six-month follow-up, BPD features in MDE patients alleviated mainly by decreasing temporal symptom frequency and intensity. In BPD patients with comorbid MDE, changes in both conditions are strongly correlated.
Mechanism of composite passivators to reduce cadmium absorption and accumulation in Chinese cabbage on cadmium-polluted soil
Authors: Feng Jihong , He Ji , Song Lihong , Liu Hongyan , Liao Chaoxuan , Mao Chun 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
The accumulation of heavy metals, including cadmium (Cd), in soil endangers the quality of agricultural products and can harm human health. At present, the application of passivators is a relatively efficient, quick, and economical way to address this problem. In the experimental site of the present study, the effects of different composite passivators (red mud + lime + phosphorite powder, red mud + lime + biochar, lime + humic acid + seafoam, seafoam + biochar + red mud, seafoam + biochar + phosphorite powder) on the physiology and biochemistry of Chinese cabbage were investigated.

Results
After passivator application, the soil’s effective state Cd content was reduced, and the Cd content, bioconcentration factor (BCF), transfer coefficient (TF), oxidative stress, and antioxidant enzyme activity levels of Chinese cabbage leaves and stalks were reduced to different degrees. The reduction of reactive oxygen species content was mainly owing to passivator application, which reduced the degree of oxidative stress and increased the content of osmotic substances, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and the ability to scavenge hydroxyl radicals. The soluble protein content of Chinese cabbage was mainly increased by an increase in the content of osmotic substances and non-enzymatic antioxidant substances and a reduction in the inhibition of protein synthesis.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that the reduction of reactive oxygen species was the main cause of the reduction of Cd accumulation, transport, and toxicity in leaves. The increase in soluble protein was the main cause of the reduction of Cd accumulation, transport, and toxicity in petioles.

Graphical Abstract
Quantitative analysis of change in bone volume 5 years after sinus floor elevation using plate-shaped bone substitutes: a prospective observational study
Authors: Takafuji Kyoko , Oyamada Yutaro , Hatakeyama Wataru , Kihara Hidemichi , Shimazaki Nobuko , Fukutoku Akihiro , Satoh Hiroaki , Kondo Hisatomo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Tricalcium phosphate (TCP) has osteoconductive ability and reportedly offers similar clinical results as autogenous bone grafts in dental implant treatment. However, few reports quantify temporal changes in augmented bone volume after sinus augmentation. We aimed to establish a three-dimensional (3D) quantification method to assess bone volume after sinus augmentation and to evaluate biocompatibility of the TCP plate.

Methods
Maxillary sinus floor augmentation was performed employing the lateral window technique, and plate-shaped β-TCP (TCP plate) was used instead of granular bone grafting materials. After lifting the sinus membrane, the TCP plate was inserted and supported by dental implants or micro-screws. The changes in bone volumes in the maxillary sinus before and after surgery were recorded using cone-beam computed tomography, saved as Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine-formatted files, and transformed to Standard Triangle Language (STL)-formatted files. Pre- and post-operative STL data of bone volume were superimposed, and the augmented bone volume was calculated. Moreover, changes in bone volumes, TCP plate resorption rates, and bone heights surrounding the implants were three dimensionally quantified.

Results
Fifteen implants in nine subjects were included in this study. TCP plates secured long-term space making, with results similar to those of granular bone substitutes. Newly formed bone was identified around the implant without bone graft material. TCP plate was absorbed and gradually disappeared.

Conclusions
A novel 3D quantification method was established to evaluate changes in bone volume. Clinical application of TCP plate in sinus augmentation could be a better procedure in terms of prognosis and safety.
Study protocol for the Screen-Free Time with Friends Feasibility Trial
Authors: Sørensen Sarah Overgaard , Larsen Kristian Traberg , Høy Teresa Victoria , Hansen Anders Blædel Gottlieb , Jago Russell , Kristensen Peter Lund , Toftager Mette , Grøntved Anders , Gejl Anne Kær 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Children are spending less leisure time with their friends in person and an increasing amount of time with digital screens. These changes may negatively affect children’s physical and mental health. The Screen-Free Time with Friends Feasibility Trial will test the feasibility, including acceptability and compliance, of an intervention designed to reduce screen media usage and encourage physical interaction with friends during leisure time in 9–11-year-old children.

Methods
A non-randomized single-group feasibility trial will be conducted from March to October 2023 including approximately 75 children (aged 9–11 years) and 75 parents (at least 1 per child) from 3 different schools recruited from 3 different municipalities in Denmark. The Screen-Free Time with Friends intervention is a multicomponent intervention targeting families, afterschool clubs, and local communities. It has been developed using a systematic process guided by the Medical Research Council UK’s framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions. With a systems perspective in mind, the intervention and implementation approach has been designed to facilitate adaptation to the specific needs of diverse local communities while maintaining the core components of the intervention.
Feasibility and acceptability of the intervention will be assessed during the intervention using process evaluation inspired by the RE-AIM framework including questionnaires and interviews with the municipality project managers, research team members, local ambassadors and stakeholders, parents and school, and afterschool club personnel. In addition, participation, recruitment, retention rate, and compliance to the outcome measurements will be investigated and presented.

Discussion
The trial will investigate the feasibility and acceptability of the Screen-Free Time with Friends intervention, the recruitment strategy, and the planned outcome measurements. This feasibility study will investigate necessary refinements before the implementation of the intervention program in a larger cluster randomized controlled trial to evaluate its impact.
Trial registration.
ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT05480085. Registered 29 July 2022. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05480085?cond=Screen+free+time+with+friends&draw=2&rank=1
Characteristics of four commonly used self-expanding biliary stents: an in vitro study
Authors: Tsauo Jiaywei , Fu Yan , Liu Yue , Zhang Xiaowu , Zhao He , Li Xiao 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Knowledge of the characteristics of self-expanding metal stents (SEMSs) is essential during selection process to ensure the best therapeutic outcomes for patients with malignant biliary obstruction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of four commonly used SEMSs.

Methods
This in vitro study analyzed the radial force (RF), crush resistance (CR), axial force (AF), conformability, surface quality, foreshortening, and radiopacity of the following SEMSs: uncovered Wallflex™, EGIS single bare, Zilver 635®, and E-Luminexx™. Two samples of each SEMS type were included in this study, all having identical specifications with a diameter of 10 mm and a length of 6 cm. One sample from each type was analyzed for surface quality, followed by CR, conformability, and foreshortening. The other sample was analyzed for radiopacity, followed by RF and AF.

Results
The uncovered Wallflex™ exhibited low RF, high CR, high AF, good conformability, poor surface quality, high foreshortening, and good radiopacity. The EGIS single bare demonstrated high RF, high CR, low AF, moderate conformability, good surface quality, high foreshortening, and poor radiopacity. The Zilver 635® displayed moderate RF, low CR, low AF, moderate conformability, moderate surface quality, no foreshortening, and good radiopacity. The E-Luminexx™ showed high RF, moderate CR, high AF, poor conformability, poor surface quality, no foreshortening, and good radiopacity.

Conclusions
There was considerable variation in the characteristics among the four evaluated SEMSs. These characteristics should be carefully considered during selection to ensure optimal therapeutic outcomes for patients.

Relevance statement
The selection of self-expanding metal stents for treating malignant biliary obstruction requires careful consideration of various characteristics, including their radial force, crush resistance, axial force, conformability, surface quality, foreshortening, and radiopacity.

Key points
• The characteristics of self-expanding metal stents (SEMSs) can vary considerably.
• Specific situations may warrant the use of SEMSs with particular characteristics over others.
• Characteristics of SEMSs must be considered during selection for optimal outcomes.

Graphical Abstract
Calibrating sub-grid scale models for high-order wall-modeled large eddy simulation
Authors: Duan Zhaowen , Wang Z. J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHigh-order methods have demonstrated orders of magnitude reduction in computational cost for large eddy simulation (LES) over low-order methods in the past decade. Most such simulations are wall-resolved implicit LES (ILES) without an explicit sub-grid scale (SGS) model. The use of high-order ILES for severely under-resolved LES such as wall-modeled LES (WMLES) often runs into robustness and accuracy issues due to the low dissipation embedded in these methods. In the present study, we investigate the performance of several popular SGS models, the static Smagorinsky model, the wall-adapting local eddy-viscosity (WALE) model and the Vreman model, to improve the robustness and accuracy of under-resolved LES using high-order methods. The models are implemented in the high-order unstructured grid LES solver called hpMusic based on the discontinuous flux reconstruction method. The length scales in these SGS models are calibrated using the direct numerical simulation (DNS) database for the turbulent channel flow problem. The Vreman model has been found to produce the most accurate and consistent results with a proper choice of the length scale for WMLES.
Tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloprotinase-1 and collagen type IV in HCV-associated cirrhosis and grading of esophageal varices
Authors: Abdalla Nasser Mohamed , El Aziz Fatma Mohamed Abd , Deghady Akram , Abaza Mohamed Helmy , Ellakany Walid Ismail 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Esophageal varices are abnormally dilated submucosal veins of the esophagus which develop as a result of portal hypertension due to cirrhosis. Collagen type IV is upregulated with a 14-fold increase in cirrhosis. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) is also upregulated during hepatic fibrogenesis and considered to promote fibrosis in the injured liver. The objective of this research was to study the serum levels of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloprotinase-1 and serum collagen type IV in patients with post hepatitis C cirrhosis and their relation to the different grades of esophageal varices.

Patients and methods
This study was carried out on one hundred and twenty individuals classified into three groups: Group I included thirty patients with liver cirrhosis without esophageal varices. Group II included sixty patients with liver cirrhosis with esophageal varices. Group III included thirty healthy volunteers as controls.

Results
A significant positive correlation was found between collagen type IV and the presence of esophageal varices in esophageal varices group (p = 0001*). Also, a significant positive correlation was found between TIMP-1 and the presence of esophageal varices in esophageal varices group (p = 0.033*). After conducting multivariate logistic regression analysis, collagen type IV and INR were found to be independent risk factors for esophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis.

Conclusion
The serum collagen type IV and TIMP-1 levels are useful markers for predicting of presence of esophageal varices.
Medical malpractice’s impacts and simulation training’s ability to diminish its effects: a systematic review
Authors: Ali Mahmoud , Tejada Branden 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMedical malpractice is described as an error made by medical providers towards their patients. For many years, this form of negligence has permeated healthcare and continues to leave a negative impact. Medical malpractice’s impact influences medical providers, families, and patients. This review article aims to explore the presence of medical malpractice in the healthcare setting and how it leaves an imprint on all parties involved through findings included in the relevant literature. It has been proved that medical errors cause medical providers to view their patients as future plaintiffs and practice defensive medicine. This practice leads to unnecessary and often harmful implications on patient care. Additionally, it has been proven that the impacts of medical malpractice especially harm patients who are deterred physically, mentally, socially, and financially. Despite the extensive harm caused by medical malpractice, it is a dilemma that could be reduced through mandated simulation training for health professionals. Simulation training has proven successful in limiting medical malpractice and if applied on a larger scale could lead to even better results.