bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Boosting reactivity of water-gas shift reaction by synergistic function over CeO2-x/CoO1-x/Co dual interfacial structures
Authors: Fu Xin-Pu , Wu Cui-Ping , Wang Wei-Wei , Jin Zhao , Liu Jin-Cheng , Ma Chao , Jia Chun-Jiang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDual-interfacial structure within catalysts is capable of mitigating the detrimentally completive adsorption during the catalysis process, but its construction strategy and mechanism understanding remain vastly lacking. Here, a highly active dual-interfaces of CeO2-x/CoO1-x/Co is constructed using the pronounced interfacial interaction from surrounding small CeO2-x islets, which shows high activity in catalyzing the water-gas shift reaction. Kinetic evidence and in-situ characterization results revealed that CeO2-x modulates the oxidized state of Co species and consequently generates the dual active CeO2-x/CoO1-x/Co interface during the WGS reaction. A synergistic redox mechanism comprised of independent contribution from dual functional interfaces, including CeO2-x/CoO1-x and CoO1-x/Co, is authenticated by experimental and theoretical results, where the CeO2-x/CoO1-x interface alleviates the CO poison effect, and the CoO1-x/Co interface promotes the H2 formation. The results may provide guidance for fabricating dual-interfacial structures within catalysts and shed light on the mechanism over multi-component catalyst systems.
A Rift Valley fever mRNA vaccine elicits strong immune responses in mice and rhesus macaques
Authors: Bian Ting , Hao Meng , Zhao Xiaofan , Zhao Chuanyi , Luo Gang , Zhang Zhendong , Fu Guangcheng , Yang Lu , Chen Yi , Wang Yudong , Yu Changming , Yang Yilong , Li Jianmin , Chen Wei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is listed as a priority pathogen by the World Health Organization (WHO) because it causes serious and fatal disease in humans, and there are currently no effective countermeasures. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a safe and efficacious vaccine. Here, we developed six nucleotide-modified mRNA vaccines encoding different regions of the Gn and Gc proteins of RVFV encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles, compared their ability to induce immune responses in mice and found that mRNA vaccine encoding the full-length Gn and Gc proteins had the strongest ability to induce cellular and humoral immune responses. IFNAR(−/−) mice vaccinated with mRNA-GnGc were protected from lethal RVFV challenge. In addition, mRNA-GnGc induced high levels of neutralizing antibodies and cellular responses in rhesus macaques, as well as antigen-specific memory B cells. These data demonstrated that mRNA-GnGc is a potent and promising vaccine candidate for RVFV.
A fast and fully automated system for glaucoma detection using color fundus photographs
Authors: Saha Sajib , Vignarajan Janardhan , Frost Shaun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a low computationally intensive and memory efficient convolutional neural network (CNN)-based fully automated system for detection of glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Using color fundus photographs, the system detects glaucoma in two steps. In the first step, the optic disc region is determined relying upon You Only Look Once (YOLO) CNN architecture. In the second step classification of ‘glaucomatous’ and ‘non-glaucomatous’ is performed using MobileNet architecture. A simplified version of the original YOLO net, specific to the context, is also proposed. Extensive experiments are conducted using seven state-of-the-art CNNs with varying computational intensity, namely, MobileNetV2, MobileNetV3, Custom ResNet, InceptionV3, ResNet50, 18-Layer CNN and InceptionResNetV2. A total of 6671 fundus images collected from seven publicly available glaucoma datasets are used for the experiment. The system achieves an accuracy and F1 score of 97.4% and 97.3%, with sensitivity, specificity, and AUC of respectively 97.5%, 97.2%, 99.3%. These findings are comparable with the best reported methods in the literature. With comparable or better performance, the proposed system produces significantly faster decisions and drastically minimizes the resource requirement. For example, the proposed system requires 12 times less memory in comparison to ResNes50, and produces 2 times faster decisions. With significantly less memory efficient and faster processing, the proposed system has the capability to be directly embedded into resource limited devices such as portable fundus cameras.
SCAPS study on the effect of various hole transport layer on highly efficient 31.86% eco-friendly CZTS based solar cell
Authors: Ranjan Rahutosh , Anand Nikhil , Tripathi Manish Nath , Srivastava Neelabh , Sharma Arvind Kumar , Yoshimura Masamichi , Chang Li , Tiwari Rajanish N. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCopper Zinc Tin Sulphide (CZTS) is a propitious semiconductor for active absorber material in thin-film solar cells (SCs). Here, SC architecture comprising FTO/ZnS/CZTS/variable HTLs/Au is discussed. Fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) and gold (Au) are used as front and back contacts, respectively. Zinc sulphide (ZnS) is used as an active electron transport layer (ETL), while different Cu-based materials (Cu2O, CuO, CuI, and CuSCN) are used as hole transport layers (HTL). A one-dimensional solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D) is utilized to simulate the SC structure. Among different Cu-based HTLs, Cu2O is preferred as a potential candidate for high cell performance of CZTS-based SC. The effects of various layer parameters such as thickness, doping density, and carrier concentrations, electron affinity of HTL and absorber, respectively, are also discussed. After optimization of the device, variation of operating temperature and the effect of series and shunt resistance are also taken into consideration. The optimized results of thickness and acceptor concentration (NA) of absorber material are 1.5 µm and approx. 1.0 × 1019 cm−3, respectively. In addition, the function of HTL (with and without) in the designed SC structure is also studied. Capacitance–voltage (C–V) characteristics are also discussed to get an insight of built-in potential. We have achieved cell performances viz. efficiency = 31.86%, short circuit current density = 32.05 mA/cm2, open circuit voltage = 1.19 V, and fill factor = 83.37%.
Principal component analysis on twenty years (2000–2020) of geochemical and geophysical observations at Campi Flegrei active caldera
Authors: Petrillo Zaccaria , Tripaldi Simona , Mangiacapra Annarita , Scippacercola Sergio , Caliro Stefano , Chiodini Giovanni 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCampi Flegrei (CF) is an active and densely populated caldera in Southern Italy, which has manifested signs of significant unrest in the last 50 years. Due to the high volcanic risk, monitoring networks of the most sensitive unrest indicators have been implemented and improved over time. Precious database constituted by geophysical and geochemical data allowed the study of the caldera unrest phases. In this paper we retrace the caldera history in the time span 2000–2020 by analyzing displacement, seismicity and geochemical time series in a unified framework. To this end, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was firstly applied only on geochemical data because of their compositional nature. The retrieved first three components were successively analyzed via PCA together with the geophysical and thermodynamical variables. Our results suggest that three independent processes relay on geochemical observations: a heating/pressurizing of the hydrothermal system, a process related to magmatic fluids injection at the hydrothermal system roots, and third process probably connected with a deeper magmatic dynamic. The actual volcano alert state seems mainly linked to the variation of the hydrothermal system activity. Our approach made it possible to explore the interrelation among observations of different nature highlighting the importance of the relative driving processes over time.
Advanced deep learning techniques for early disease prediction in cauliflower plants
Authors: Kanna G. Prabu , Kumar S. J. K. Jagadeesh , Kumar Yogesh , Changela Ankur , Woźniak Marcin , Shafi Jana , Ijaz Muhammad Fazal 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAgriculture plays a pivotal role in the economies of developing countries by providing livelihoods, sustenance, and employment opportunities in rural areas. However, crop diseases pose a significant threat to both farmers’ incomes and food security. Furthermore, these diseases also show adverse effects on human health by causing various illnesses. Till date, only a limited number of studies have been conducted to identify and classify diseased cauliflower plants but they also face certain challenges such as insufficient disease surveillance mechanisms, the lack of comprehensive datasets that are properly labelled as well as are of high quality, and the considerable computational resources that are necessary for conducting thorough analysis. In view of the aforementioned challenges, the primary objective of this manuscript is to tackle these significant concerns and enhance understanding regarding the significance of cauliflower disease identification and detection in rural agriculture through the use of advanced deep transfer learning techniques. The work is conducted on the four classes of cauliflower diseases i.e. Bacterial spot rot, Black rot, Downy Mildew, and No disease which are taken from VegNet dataset. Ten deep transfer learning models such as EfficientNetB0, Xception, EfficientNetB1, MobileNetV2, EfficientNetB2, DenseNet201, EfficientNetB3, InceptionResNetV2, EfficientNetB4, and ResNet152V2, are trained and examined on the basis of root mean square error, recall, precision, F1-score, accuracy, and loss. Remarkably, EfficientNetB1 achieved the highest validation accuracy (99.90%), lowest loss (0.16), and root mean square error (0.40) during experimentation. It has been observed that our research highlights the critical role of advanced CNN models in automating cauliflower disease detection and classification and such models can lead to robust applications for cauliflower disease management in agriculture, ultimately benefiting both farmers and consumers.
Integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analyses reveal the mechanism of easy acceptance of artificial pelleted diets during food habit domestication in Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)
Authors: Du Jinxing , Shao Jiaqi , Li Shengjie , Zhu Tao , Song Hongmei , Lei Caixia , Zhang Meng , Cen Yingkun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAcceptance of artificial pelleted diets contributes to increasing the cultured areas and output of carnivorous fish. However, the mechanism of acceptance of artificial pelleted diets remains largely unknown. In this study, the easy acceptance of artificial pelleted diets (EAD) group and the not easy acceptance of artificial pelleted diets (NAD) group of Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) were divided based on the ratios of stomach weight/body weight (SB) after 0.5 h feeding, which was bigger than 18% in the EAD group and ranged from 8 to 12% in the NAD group. Through transcriptome and proteome sequencing, a total of 2463 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 230 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified, respectively. Integrated analyses of transcriptome and proteome data revealed that 152 DEPs were matched with the corresponding DEGs (named co-DEGs-DEPs), and 54 co-DEGs-DEPs were enriched in 16 KEGG pathways, including the metabolic pathways, steroid biosynthesis, fatty acid biosynthesis, etc. Furthermore, 3 terpenoid backbone biosynthesis-related genes (Hmgcr, Hmgcs, and Fdps) in metabolic pathways, 10 steroid biosynthesis-related genes (Fdft1, Sqle, Lss, Cyp51a1, Tm7sf2, Nsdhl, Hsd17b7, Dhcr24, Sc5d, and Dhcr7), and 3 fatty acid biosynthesis-related genes (Acaca, Fasn, and Ascl) were all up-regulated in the EAD group, suggesting that the lipid metabolism pathway and steroid biosynthesis pathway play important roles in early food habit domestication in Largemouth bass. In addition, the detection results of randomly selected 15 DEGs and 15 DEPs indicated that both transcriptome and proteome results in the study were reliable. Our study provides useful information for further research on the mechanisms of food habit domestication in fish.
Gender versus sex in predicting outcomes of traumatic brain injury: a cohort study utilizing large administrative databases
Authors: Teterina Anastasia , Zulbayar Suvd , Mollayeva Tatyana , Chan Vincy , Colantonio Angela , Escobar Michael 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the factors associated with elevated risks and adverse consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an integral part of developing preventive measures for TBI. Brain injury outcomes differ based on one’s sex (biological characteristics) and gender (social characteristics reflecting norms and relationships), however, whether it is sex or gender that drives differences in early (30-day) mortality and discharge location post-TBI is not well understood. In the absence of a gender variable in existing data, we developed a method for “measuring gender” in 276,812 residents of Ontario, Canada who entered the emergency department and acute care hospitals with a TBI diagnostic code between April 1st, 2002, and March 31st, 2020. We applied logistic regression to analyse differences in diagnostic codes between the sexes and to derive a gender score that reflected social dimensions. We used the derived gender score along with a sex variable to demonstrate how it can be used to separate the relationship between sex, gender and TBI outcomes after severe TBI. Sex had a significant effect on early mortality after severe TBI with a rate ratio (95% confidence interval (CI)) of 1.54 (1.24–1.91). Gender had a more significant effect than sex on discharge location. A person expressing more “woman-like” characteristics had lower odds of being discharged to rehabilitation versus home with odds ratio (95% CI) of 0.54 (0.32–0.88). The method we propose offers an opportunity to measure a gender effect independently of sex on TBI outcomes.
Natural course of perianal abscess in infants: a real-world study
Authors: Yin Wanbin , Li Yansen , Zhang Jingfeng , Jiao Yang , Pei Wenju , Xu Xiangjun , Fan Mingfeng , Xu Juan , Zhou Yue , Wang Shuai , Wei Yanhua 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNatural course of perianal abscess (PA) in infancy remains obscure. This study aimed to investigate the natural course of infants with PA after conservative treatment. A retrospective cohort study was conducted in infants with PA who were treated conservatively (due to the parents’ refusal of surgery), for more than 2 months between 2014 and 2020 at a single tertiary center. 153 patients (149 boys and 4 girls) were identified. The median follow-up was 5.3 years (range 3–8.2 years). Initially, 119 patients (77.8%) were completely cured by conservative treatment, and 34 (22.2%) failed. Among the 34 patients, 23 continued conservative treatment (20 cure, 3 fistula formation) and 11 underwent surgery. After conservative treatment, the rate of fistula formation, abscess recurrence, and new-onset abscess were 15.0%, 4.6%, and 6.5%, respectively. Overall, 139 patients (90.8%) were cured conservatively without surgery, and 11 (7.2%) underwent surgical management. In addition, 3 (2.0%) patients developed fistula-in-ano (under observation). PA in infants may be a time-limited and self-limited condition. Conservative management should be the first choice of treatment in most cases. Longer periods of conservative treatment may achieve better clinical outcomes in selected cases. There will be a percentage of patients (about 10%) that would require surgical treatment.
Incident infection risks depending on oral antidiabetic exposure in insulin-treated type 2 diabetes patients
Authors: Park Sanghwa , Jeong Jiseon , Woo Yunna , Choi Yeo Jin , Shin Sooyoung 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4is) and sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) have been speculated to have a potential to increase infection risks in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. We performed a cohort study using the Korean health insurance data to investigate infection risks with each drug class relative to metformin in insulin-treated T2DM patients. After propensity score matching, we included 1,498 and 749 patients in DPP4i + insulin vs metformin + insulin and 300 and 549 patients in SGLT2i + insulin vs metformin + insulin, respectively. In stratified analyses per patient factor, none of the odds ratios (ORs) were associated with a statistical significance across respiratory, genital, and urinary tract infections (UTIs), except that of the male stratum for respiratory infections (OR 0.77, p = 0.04). With regard to SGLT2is, a higher risk of genital infections was analyzed with their use than with metformin therapy (OR 1.76, p = 0.03). In stratified analyses, the OR for genital infections remained significant in the baseline cardiovascular disease stratum (OR 2.29, p = 0.01). No increased UTI risk was detected with SGLT2is compared against metformin. In this study on insulin-receiving T2DM patients, DPP4is were not associated with increased infection risks, whereas SGLT2is led to a higher risk for genital infections, but not for UTIs, relative to metformin.
TudS desulfidases recycle 4-thiouridine-5’-monophosphate at a catalytic [4Fe-4S] cluster
Authors: Fuchs Jonathan , Jamontas Rapolas , Hoock Maren Hellen , Oltmanns Jonathan , Golinelli-Pimpaneau Béatrice , Schünemann Volker , Pierik Antonio J. , Meškys Rolandas , Aučynaitė Agota , Boll Matthias 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn all domains of life, transfer RNAs (tRNAs) contain post-transcriptionally sulfur-modified nucleosides such as 2- and 4-thiouridine. We have previously reported that a recombinant [4Fe-4S] cluster-containing bacterial desulfidase (TudS) from an uncultured bacterium catalyzes the desulfuration of 2- and 4-thiouracil via a [4Fe-5S] cluster intermediate. However, the in vivo function of TudS enzymes has remained unclear and direct evidence for substrate binding to the [4Fe-4S] cluster during catalysis was lacking. Here, we provide kinetic evidence that 4-thiouridine-5’-monophosphate rather than sulfurated tRNA, thiouracil, thiouridine or 4-thiouridine-5’-triphosphate is the preferred substrate of TudS. The occurrence of sulfur- and substrate-bound catalytic intermediates was uncovered from the observed switch of the S = 3/2 spin state of the catalytic [4Fe-4S] cluster to a S = 1/2 spin state upon substrate addition. We show that a putative gene product from Pseudomonas putida KT2440 acts as a TudS desulfidase in vivo and conclude that TudS-like enzymes are widespread desulfidases involved in recycling and detoxifying tRNA-derived 4-thiouridine monophosphate nucleosides for RNA synthesis.
Phoneme Training for Adult Cochlear Implant Users: A Review of the Literature and Study Protocol
Authors: Philpott Nikki , Philips Birgit , Tromp Kayla , Kramer Sophia , Mylanus Emmanuel , Huinck Wendy 
Published: October 2023

Purpose:
This study describes a protocol for a novel individualized phoneme training program for adult cochlear implant (CI) users, based on individual phoneme confusion errors. The protocol is underpinned by a literature review on phoneme training and a focus group with adult CI users.

Method:

After a literature search, five studies were included for review and evaluation of quality and level of evidence. A focus group with experienced adult CI users (
n
= 7) was then conducted to gain insights into their experiences of auditory training post-implantation and recommendations for future training programs. The knowledge gained from the literature review and focus group was used as the foundation for a novel, individualized phoneme training program for adult CI users, for which the protocol is described in this study.

Results:
A review of the literature shows that phoneme training in adult CI users has variable outcomes for on-task and off-task measures. Overall, the concept of individualized training relates to adaptive difficulty within training tasks and not to tailoring training content to participants' individual needs, as indicated by clinical outcomes. The focus group revealed that participants want to be able to track their training progress, have training content tailored to their individual needs, and expressed a preference for shorter training sessions.

Conclusions:
Using learnings from a literature review and focus group, this study describes a protocol for a novel, individualized phoneme training program for adult CI users. Study findings from this phoneme training program will be disseminated when available.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24392863
Application of data‐driven methods in power systems analysis and control
Authors: Bertozzi Otavio , Chamorro Harold R. , Gomez‐Diaz Edgar O. , Chong Michelle S. , Ahmed Shehab 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe increasing integration of variable renewable energy resources through power electronics has brought about substantial changes in the structure and dynamics of modern power systems. In response to these transformations, there has been a surge in the development of tools and algorithms leveraging real‐time computational power to enhance system operation and stability. Data‐driven methods have emerged as practical approaches for extracting reliable representations from non‐linear system data, enabling the identification of dynamics and system parameters essential for analysing stability and ensuring reliable operation. This study provides a comprehensive review of recent contributions in the literature concerning the application of data‐driven identification, analysis, and control methods in various aspects of power system operation. Specifically, the focus is on frequency support, power oscillation detection, and damping, which play crucial roles in maintaining grid stability. By discussing the challenges posed by parametric uncertainties, load and source variability, and reduced system inertia, this review sheds light on the opportunities for future research endeavours.
A novel method of restoration path optimization for the alternating current–direct current bulk power grid after a major blackout
Authors: Yang Chao , Liang Gaoshen , Cheng Tianle , Li Yang , Li Shaoyan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe restoration control of the modern alternating current–direct current (AC–DC) hybrid power grid after a major blackout is difficult and complex. Taking into account the interaction between the line‐commutated converter high‐voltage direct current (LCC‐HVDC) and the AC power grid, this paper proposes a novel optimization method of restoration path to reconfigure the skeleton network for the blackout power grid. Based on the system strength, the supporting capability of the AC power grid for the LCC‐HVDC is first analysed from the aspects of start‐up and operation of LCC‐HVDCs. Subsequently, the quantitative relationship between the restoration path and the restoration characteristic of LCC‐HVDC is derived in detail based on the system strength indices of the short‐circuit capacity and the frequency regulation capability. Then, an optimization model of restoration path considering non‐tree paths is formulated and a feasible optimization algorithm is proposed to achieve the optimal path restoration scheme. A modified IEEE 39‐bus system and a partial power grid of Southwest China are simulated to show that the proposed method is suitable for the restoration of AC–DC power grids and can improve restoration efficiency. This research can be an important guidance for operators to rapidly restore the AC–DC power grid.