bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Phytoconstituents for Addressing
Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Kamboj Sweta , Sharma Prerna , Kamboj Rohit , Kamboj Shikha , Hariom  , Girija  , Guarve Kumar , Dutt Rohit , Verma Inderjeet , Dua Kamal , Rani Nidhi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
Neurodegenerative disorder is a serious condition that is caused by abnormal or no neurological
function. Neurodegenerative disease is a major growing cause of mortality and morbidity
worldwide, especially in the elderly. After World War Ⅱ, eugenics term was exterminated from
medicines. Neurodegenerative disease is a genetically inherited disease. Lifestyle changes, environmental
factors, and genetic modification, together or alone, are involved in the occurrence of
this disorder. The major examples of neurodegenerative disorders are Alzheimer's and Parkinson’s
disease, in which apoptosis and necrosis are the two major death pathways for neurons. It has been
determined from various studies that the etiology of the neurodegenerative disease involves the
role of oxidative stress and anti-oxidant defence system, which are prime factors associated with
the activation of signal transduction pathway that is responsible for the formation of synuclein in
the brain and manifestation of toxic reactions in the form of functional abnormality, which ultimately
leads to the dysfunction of neuronal pathway or cell. There has not been much success in
the discovery of effective therapy to treat neurodegenerative diseases because the main cause of
abnormal functioning or death of neurons is not well known. However, the use of natural products
that are derived from plants has effective therapeutic potential against neurodegenerative disease.
The natural compounds with medicinal properties to prevent neurological dysfunction are curcumin,
wolfberry, ginseng, and Withania somnifera. The selection and use of natural compounds are
based on their strong anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties against neurodegenerative disease.
Herbal products have active constituents that play an important role in the prevention of
communication errors between neurons and neurotransmitters and their respective receptors in the
brain, which influence their function. Considering this, natural products have great potential
against neurodegenerative diseases. This article reviews the natural compounds used to treat neurodegenerative
diseases and their mechanisms of action.
Pharmacological Approaches and Herbal Interventions for Alzheimer's
Disease
Authors: Kumar Shivendra , Singh Shubham , Rajput Dharmendra , Sharma Bhawna , Chaturvedi Kumkum , Singh Nidhi , Saha Sunam , Singh Kuldeep , Mukherjee Soumyadip 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
This comprehensive review extensively examines the utilization of herbal remedies and
pharmacological techniques for managing Alzheimer's disease (AD). It delves deeply into the active
constituents and modes of operation of diverse herbal medications such as Withania somnifera,
Bacopa monnieri, Ginkgo biloba, and Curcuma longa, emphasizing their qualities in reducing
inflammation, acting as antioxidants, and safeguarding neural tissue. Additionally, it assesses conventional
pharmaceuticals like cholinesterase inhibitors (Donepezil, rivastigmine) and memantine,
investigating their mechanisms of action and potential adverse effects. The study also encompasses
non-pharmacological therapies like interventions aimed at cognition, physical exercise, and methods
of stimulating the brain, all of which exhibit potential in enhancing cognitive capacity and
neural adaptability. Furthermore, it delves into the amalgamation of therapies to tackle numerous
facets of AD pathology. In essence, this review furnishes valuable insights into alternative strategies
for managing AD, underscoring the potential of herbal interventions in enhancing cognitive
function and addressing the underlying issues of AD. Additionally, it presents a fresh avenue for
exploring the collaborative impacts of combining conventional pharmaceuticals with herbal remedies.
VARIASI DAN ANALISIS FENETIK BAVOA (Cleome gynandra L.) DI SULAWESI TENGAH BERDASARKAN PENANDA MORFOLOGIS
Authors: Ramadhani Ayu Syahputri , Purnomo Purnomo 
Published: January 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan variasi morfologis tiap aksesi Bavoa, serta hubungan fenetik pada spesies antar aksesi Bavoa. Sebanyak 10 sampel diambil di wilayah Sulawesi Tengah, karakter morfologis yang dibandingkan berjumlah 22 karakter bersumber dari batang, daun, bunga, dan buah. Karakterisasi morfologis mengacu pada deskriptor Cleome gynandra L. dengan modifikasi. Indeks similaritas antar aksesi (OTUs) dihitung melalui rumus Gower’s general similarity coefficient . Klastering dilakukan dengan metode UPGMA, analisis PCA untuk melihat karakter yang berpengaruh terhadap pembetukan klaster. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan variasi morfologis Bavoa di Sulawesi Tengah memiliki perbedaan warna batang dan tangkai daun, bulu pada batang, dan ukuran tanaman Berdasarkan analisis fenetik Bavoa di Sulawesi Tengah dapat diketahui bahwa hubungan kekerabatan fenetik berdasarkan karakter morfologis terbagi menjadi empat klaster. CG1, CG4, dan CG10 membentuk klaster tersendiri berdasarkan pH tanah, pengelompokkan CG9 dan CG7, CG2 dan CG5 menunjukkan adanya sifat plastisistas tanaman.
Combining “Deep Learning” and Physically Constrained Neural Networks to Derive Complex Glaciological Change Processes from Modern High-Resolution Satellite Imagery: Application of the GEOCLASS-image System to Create VarioCNN for Glacier Surges
Authors: Herzfeld Ute Christina , Hessburg Lawrence John , Trantow Thomas , Hayes Adam N 
Published: January 2024

The objectives of this paper are to investigate the tradeoffs between a
physically constrained neural network and a deep, convolutional neural
network and to design a combined ML approach (“VarioCNN”). Our
solution is provided in the framework of a cyberinfrastructure that
includes a newly designed ML software, GEOCLASS-image, modern
high-resolution satellite image datasets (Maxar WorldView data) and
instructions/descriptions that may facilitate solving similar spatial
classification problems. Combining the advantages of the
physically-driven connectionist-geostatistical classification method
with those of an efficient CNN, VarioCNN, provides a means for rapid and
efficient extraction of complex geophysical information from submeter
resolution satellite imagery. A retraining loop overcomes the
difficulties of creating a labeled training data set.
Computational analyses and developments are centered on a specific, but
generalizable, geophysical problem: The classification of crevasse types
that form during the surge of a glacier system. A surge is a glacial
catastrophe, an acceleration of a glacier to typically 100-200 times its
normal velocity, which for a marine-terminating glacier leads to sudden
and substantial mass transfer from the cryosphere to the oceans,
contributing significantly to sea-level-rise. The sudden and rapid
acceleration characteristic of a surge results in formation of
crevasses, whose spatial characteristics provide informants on the
ice-dynamic processes that occur during the surge. GEOCLASS-image is
applied to study the current (2016-2024) surge in the Negribreen Glacier
System, Svalbard. The geophysical result is a description of the
structural evolution and expansion of the surge, based on crevasse types
that capture ice deformation in 6 simplified classes.
Pré-eclâmpsia
Authors: Haddad Carolina Federicci , Ribeiro Henrique Costermani , Fernandes Filho Ivan , Del Nero Ulisses , Korkes Henri Augusto 
Published: January 2024

Objetivos: Avaliar o conhecimento em relação à pré-eclâmpsia e sua prevenção entre médicos obstetras e residentes de obstetrícia e ginecologia. Materiais e métodos: O estudo será realizado por meio da aplicação de um questionário que abordará temas relacionados à prevenção da PE. Este questionário será entregue para médicos residentes de ginecologia e obstetrícia e para médicos obstetras que assistem pacientes com risco para PE. Resultados: nenhum dos participantes (0%) citou todos os fatores de alto risco para pré-eclampsia e apenas 5,41% dos participantes citou todos os critérios clínicos para suspeita de pré-eclâmpsia. Ainda, apenas 5,41% dos participantes reconheceu todos os critérios laboratoriais para pré-eclâmpsia. Apesar disso, a grande maioria (85,13%) citou AAS e cálcio ou apenas um deles como medida profilática para pré-eclampsia. Conclusão: A despeito dos avanços nos diagnósticos, nas medidas preventivas e nas condutas bem estabelecidas, a morbimortalidade relacionada às síndromes hipertensivas durante o ciclo gravídico puerperal mantém-se elevada. Em congruência com os resultados obtidos, acreditamos que seja devida à falta de identificação de grupos de risco, carência de prevenção adequada, dificuldade de manter um seguimento pré-natal diferenciado, demora realizar o diagnóstico, redução do uso do sulfato de magnésio, demora na conduta de interrupção da gestação e carência no seguimento puerperal destas doentes de risco.
Predicting the Development of Complications After Mitral Valve Repair Using Mathematical Analysis
Authors: Matsuganov D. A. , Nuzhdin M. D. 
Published: January 2024

AIM. To study the possibilities of using risk factors, data from instrumental research methods identified at the preoperative stage as independent variables for predicting the development of complications after mitral valve surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The study included 103 patients, 46 men and 57 women, who underwent surgical correction of mitral valve defect and were treated at the Cardiac Surgery Department of Chelyabinsk Regional Clinical Hospital № 1 in the period from 2014 to 2019. Among those patients, the presence of anemia at the preoperative stage (blood hemoglobin level less than 100 g/l) was detected in 13 (12,6 %) cases; obesity (BMI more than 30 kg/m2) — in 57 (55,3 %) cases; transfusion of blood and its components in anamnesis — in 14 (13,6 %) cases; type 2 diabetes mellitus — in 7 (6,8 %) cases; stroke in anamnesis — in 9 (8,7 %) cases; chronic Hepatitis C — in 6 (5,8 %) cases; HIV infection — in 4 (3,9 %) cases; antibiotic therapy before surgery was indicated in 21 (20,4 %) cases; edema of the lower extremities was detected in 40 (38,8 %) cases; an increase in body temperature before surgery — in 19 (18,4 %) cases; the presence of atrial fibrillation before surgery — in 63 (61,2 %) cases. The systematization of the source information was entered into a Microsoft Office Excel 2016 spreadsheet. Statistical analysis was carried out using the IBM SPSS Statistics v.26 program (developed by IBM Corporation). Binary logistic regression was used as a method of mathematical data analysis. Instrumental research methods: electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography (ECHO-CG); coronary angiography was performed according to indications. RESULTS. The presence of risk factors such as anemia, obesity, as well as an increase in the size of the right atrium can be used as an independent variable to predict the development of complications. An increase in the diameter of the pulmonary artery trunk, and the presence of edema of the lower extremities reduces the risk of complications. The likelihood of developing complications after mitral valve surgery predicted by the logistic regression method was 53,4 %. The resulting model predicts the absence of complications with the likelihood of 82,5 %. The development of complications was correctly predicted in 93,3 % of cases. CONCLUSION. This model can be used as an additional tool in predicting the development of complications after mitral valve surgery.
Clinical and Psychopathological Features of Mental Disorders in Patients with Poisoning by Hypotensive and Antiarrhythmic Drugs as a Result of Suicidal Acts
Authors: Dikaya T. I. , Ilyashenko K. K. , Sukhodolova G. N. , Zubareva O. V. , Potskhveriya M. M. 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND. Among the forms of suicidal behavior, self-poisoning is the most common one, often occurring as a result of taking various medications, the second place among them is occupied by antihypertensive and antiarrhythmic drugs. Studying the structure of mental disorders in suicide victims with poisoning by these drugs is necessary to prevent repeated suicidal acts. AIM OF STUDY. To study the clinical and psychopathological features of mental disorders in patients with acute poisoning by hypotensive and antiarrhythmic drugs as a result of suicidal acts. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The results of a psychopathological study were analyzed in 122 patients (age 15–93) with antihypertensive and antiarthymic drugs poisoning as the suicidal attempt. RESULTS. In the structure of mental disorders in patients with suicidal poisoning by hypotensive and antiarrhythmic drugs, anxiety-depressive reactions associated with stress prevailed (F43.20–43.25) — 65.6 %. Endogenous mental pathology was detected in 19.7 % of patients, of which endogenous depression (F32–F34) — in 13.1 %, depressive — delusional states with schizophrenia (F20) — in 6.6 %. Organic personality, affective psychotic and delusional disorders (F06–F07) were diagnosed in 14.7 % of patients. In 45.9 % of patients, acute poisoning occurred against the background of comorbid somatic pathology, in 87.5 % of them — of cardiovascular genesis. Typological variants of early postsuicidal states in the studied contingent of patients are as follows: critical type of postsuicide (54.9 %), manipulative (16.4 %), fixed (14.8 %), unspecified (13.9 %); their significance for assessing repeated suicidal risk was determined. CONCLUSION. The findings of the study complement the understanding of the patterns of suicidal behavior in patients with self-poisoning, which will improve approaches to the prevention of suicide through drug poisoning.
Evaluation of serologic and cellular immune responses of cattle to a nonlipopolysaccharide antigen from Brucella abortus
Authors: Hoffmann Edward M. , Shapiro Steven J. , Nicoletti Paul 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Cows naturally infected with Brucella abortus developed antibody (Ab) responses to a nonlipopolysaccharide antigen (nla) purified from B abortus strain 1119-3. Sera from strain 19-vaccinated cows did not have detectable amounts of Ab. Weak lymphoproliferative responses to NLA were observed in blood mononuclear cell suspensions obtained from infected cows. There was no evidence of NLA-specific lymphoproliferation in cell suspensions from healthy cows.
Nonlipopolysaccharide antigen binding to bovine blood mononuclear cells was observed by antigen-consumption assays and direct binding of radiolabeled antigen. Cells from infected cows bound less NLA than did cells from healthy cows when assays were conducted with intact blood mononuclear cell preparations (monocytes plus lymphocytes). Monocytes obtained from any group did not bind NLA. Purified B lymphocytes from infected and healthy vaccinated cows bound about 3 times more nla than did T lymphocytes, but there were no apparent differences between the 2 groups in extent of binding.
Results of the study indicate that bovine lymphocytes have binding sites for a nla purified from B abortus strain 1119-3.
Pseudorabies virus latency and reactivation in vaccinated swine
Authors: Schoenbaum Mark A. , Beran George W. , Murphy Dorothy P. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Latency and reactivation of pseudorabies virus in swine was studied. Thirty-one pigs were assigned to 5 groups and were given 1 of 4 vaccines; 10 remained unvaccinated controls. All pigs were then challenge exposed with a sublethal dose of virulent pseudorabies virus. One hundred one days after challenge exposure, all pigs were treated with dexamethasone to reactivate the virus. Virus-positive tonsil and nasal mucus isolates were recovered from 29 of the 31 pigs over a 12-day period. Frequency and duration of virus-positivity were significantly (P < 0.05) and consistently lower among vaccinated pigs than among the unvaccinated controls. It was concluded that vaccination before challenge exposure had little or no effect on the rate of establishment of virus latency, but that vaccination reduced shedding after subsequent reactivation of the virus.
Effects of halothane and isoflurane on mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate in adult Pekin ducks
Authors: Goelz Mary F. , Hahn Allen W. , Kelley Steven T. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Although the cardiovascular and respiratory effects of halothane and isoflurane have been documented in a variety of common mammalian laboratory animals, they have not been investigated in birds. In this study, the effects of halothane and isoflurane anesthesia on respiratory rate, heart rate, heart rhythm, and mean arterial pressure in adult Pekin ducks were evaluated. Both anesthetics significantly increased heart rate and depressed blood pressure and respiration. Halothane induced a more profound alteration in heart rate and respiratory rate. With the ducks under halothane anesthesia, abnormal cardiac rhythms included ventricular fibrillation, ventricular bigeminy, and multifocal ventricular rhythms. Other than cardiac tachycardia, isoflurane induced no changes in cardiac rhythm.
Evaluation of pregnant rabbits as a laboratory model for bovid herpesvirus-4 infection
Authors: Naeem K. , Caywood Dennis D. , Werdin Ronald E. , Goyal Sagar M. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
A field strain (87-8363) of bovid herpesvirus-4 (bhv-4) isolated from an aborted bovine fetus was used to inoculate pregnant rabbits. Eleven rabbits in midgestation were alloted to 4 groups consisting of 3 infected groups and 1 control group. Rabbits were inoculated with bhv-4 or mock-infected cell culture preparations via iv, intravaginal, and intrauterine routes. Mild vulvovaginitis and endometritis were observed after intravaginal and iv inoculation of bhv-4, whereas intrauterine inoculation of bhv-4 resulted in abortion of hemorrhagic fetuses and nonsuppurative endometritis. Virus was successfully isolated from organ explants of fetal tissues. Rabbits seroconverted 1 week after infection as detected by results of an indirect immunofluorescence assay.
Isolation of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis from washed bovine ova after in vitro exposure
Authors: Rohde R. F. , Shulaw W. P. , Hueston W. D. , Bech-Nielsen S. , Haibel G. K. , Hoffsis G. F. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
To establish whether Mycobacterium paratuberculosis could be cultured from Dulbecco phosphate-buffered saline solution (dpbss) and to test 3 sampling methods, dpbss supplemented with 2% fetal bovine serum was inoculated with M paratuberculosis at concentrations of 104, 103, 102, 101, and 100 colony-forming units/ml. The inoculated media was sampled after mixing, after centrifugation, and after centrifugation and decontamination with 0.75% hexadecylpyridinium chloride. The samples were inoculated onto 3 slants of Herrolds egg yolk medium supplemented with sodium pyruvate and mycobactin J and 1 slant without mycobactin J. Mycobacterium paratuberculosis was isolated following all 3 sampling methods for all concentrations. Treatment with hexadecylpyridinium chloride decreased the number of colonies isolated.
To test the efficacy of a 10-step wash procedure for removing M paratuberculosis from bovine ova, washed zona pellucida intact bovine ova were incubated in dpbss supplemented with 2% fetal bovine serum containing concentrations of 104, 103, 102, 101, and 100 colony-forming units of M paratuberculosis/ml for 12 hours at 22 C. Ten zona pellucida intact ova were removed from each concentration and washed by passing through 10 changes of dpbss supplemented with 15% fetal bovine serum. The media from each wash step was inoculated onto slants of Herrolds egg yolk medium. The ova were included with the tenth wash step. Mycobacterium paratuberculosis was isolated from 1 of 10 tenth-wash steps at the 104 concentration and 5 of 10 tenth-wash steps at 103.
Effects of furosemide on the racing times of Thoroughbreds
Authors: Sweeney Corinne Raphel , Soma Lawrence R. , Maxson Abby D. , Thompson Joseph E. , Holcombe Susan J. , Spencer Pamela A. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
The effects of furosemide on the racing times of 79 horses without exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (eiph) and 52 horses with eiph were investigated. Racing times were adjusted to 1-mile equivalent racing times by 2 speed handicapping methods, and analysis of covariance was used to adjust actual racing times by winning time and distance for each race. All 3 methods of determining racing time indicated that geldings without eiph had significantly faster racing times (P < 0.05) when given furosemide before racing than when furosemide was not given before racing. Females and colts without eiph were determined to have faster racing times when furosemide was given before racing, but the difference was not significant. Geldings with eiph had significantly faster racing times (P = 0.0231) when given furosemide before racing, as determined by one of the speed handicapping methods. There was a strong correlation (range 0.9314 to 0.9751) between the 1-mile equivalent racing times, as determined by the 2 speed handicapping methods for horses with and without eiph. Furosemide failed to prevent the development of eiph in many horses that were previously considered to be eiph-negative. When given furosemide, 62 (25.3%) of 235 eiph-negative horses were eiph-positive after racing. Furosemide had questionable efficacy for prevention of eiph in known eiph-positive horses. Thirty-two (61.5%) of 52 eiph-positive horses given furosemide before a race remained eiph-positive after that race.
Effect of dietary crude-protein type on fertilization and embryo quality in dairy cattle
Authors: Blanchard T. , Ferguson J. , Love L. , Takeda T. , Henderson B. , Hasler J. , Chalupa W. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
An experiment was conducted to determine whether balancing dietary crude protein for optimal rumen degradability would improve fertilization rate and quality of ova in lactating dairy cows. Thirty-eight Holstein cows in early lactation were fed 1 of 2 diets formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous, containing 16% crude protein, Diet 1 contained 73% rumen degradable intake protein, whereas diet 2 contained 64% rumen degradable intake protein. The cows were induced to superovulate and were inseminated, and ova were recovered nonsurgically on postbreeding day 7. Ova were counted and classified as fertilized or unfertilized. Fertilized ova were scored as excellent, good, fair, poor, or degenerate. Unfertilized ova and poor and degenerate embryos were considered to be nontransferable ova and excellent, good, and fair embryos were considered to be transferable ova. There were no differences for mean number of fertilized, unfertilized, transferable, or nontransferable ova recovered from cows fed the 2 diets (P > 0.10). Mean percentage of fertilized ova recovered from cows was greater (P < 0.05) in those fed diet 2, compared with diet 1. Mean percentage of transferable ova recovered from cows tended to be greater (P = 0.06) in those fed diet 2, compared with diet 1. More cows failed to yield transferable ova (P < 0.05) when fed diet 1, compared with diet 2. Fertilization failure or early degeneration of embryos may occur in cows fed excess rumen degradable protein.