bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of combination of local exhaust system and floor‐supply displacement ventilation system as prevention measure of infection in consulting room
Authors: Yoshihara Jun , Yamanaka Toshio , Kobayashi Tomohiro , Choi Narae , Kobayashi Noriaki 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDroplet nuclei and tiny enough droplets to move as an aerosol are regarded as one of the modes of infection transmission SARS‐CoV‐2. Various measures have been taken to prevent it worldwide. Nevertheless, many scenarios cannot be avoided close‐distance conversations, for example, in a consulting room, restaurant, or crowded train. A consulting room has significant potential for doctors to contact infected patients. Therefore, this study proposes a novel approach combining a local exhaust ventilation (LEV) and floor‐supply displacement ventilation system (FSDV) in a consulting room. This study assumes that two persons (doctor and patient) are sitting face to face and talking without a mask in a simple room regarded as a consulting room. The velocity and volume of exhaled air from talking were acquired through field measurements. Then, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) steady analysis was carried out, using the results of exhaled air measurement with various parameters (hood height, hood flow rate, horizontal hood position, and air flow rate). The capture efficiency for tracer gas and contribution distribution for the hood (SVE5: scale for ventilation efficiency 5) have been calculated to reveal the hood's capture performance. In addition, infection risk for the doctor was also calculated using the Wells–Riley model to estimate the infection performance of this ventilation system. By measuring exhaled air from talking, a speed of 0.30 m/s, a volume of 5.21 L/min, and a vertical angle of 11.9° were obtained, and these values were installed into CFD. The CFD results showed that hood flow rate significantly impacts capture efficiency at SA 120 m3/h (6 ACH), and horizontal hood position significantly impacts at SA 1000 m3/h (50 ACH). SVE5 also showed hood's effective area is greatly influenced by the flow rate balance between the hood and the other exhaust routes. Under high air supply conditions: SA 1000 m3/h (50 ACH), there was almost no airborne transmission risk for a doctor with or without a hood. However, under 120 m3/h (6 ACH) conditions, the combination of the hood and FSDV system could reduce an infection risk sufficiently. The hood should be located above the infected person's head to keep the counter person's infectious risk low, indicating that the introduction of the hood is reasonable in the consulting room, where it is easy to find where the infected person is.
Endowing Carbon Dots with Long‐Lived Phosphorescence Emission in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Li Taotao , Zhao Yihan , Zhang Nan , Zhang Kui , Zhang Cheng , Yi Ting‐Feng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRoom temperature phosphorescent carbon dots (RTP CDs) have received increasing attention in recent years due to their outstanding optical properties and potential applications. It is worth noting that RTP CDs in aqueous solution have inspired special interests because of their low toxicity, long lifetime, and ability to avoid autofluorescence and background fluorescence, exhibiting wide application prospects in time‐resolved biological imaging and sensing. However, achieving phosphorescent CDs in aqueous solutions remains a considerable challenge because water molecules and oxygen can cause the deactivation of triplet‐state excitons, resulting in phosphorescence quenching. Several strategies have been proposed to counter the problem including encapsulated CDs in a rigid matrix, hydrogen bonding, and covalent bonding fixation. Consequently, a more significant number of RTP CDs materials with excellent optical stability, long lifetime, and multicolor are successfully obtained. Herein, the recent development of RTP CDs materials in aqueous solution as well as the corresponding fabricated strategies and luminescence mechanism is detailly summarized and reviewed. Furthermore, various applications of water‐phase RTP CDs materials in information security, sensing, bioimaging, light‐emitting diodes, and fingerprinting are also discussed. Finally, an outlook on the development of CDs materials and applications is proposed.
Highly Conductive Robust Carbon Nanotube Networks for Strong Buckypapers and Transparent Electrodes
Authors: Snarski Lior , Biran Idan , Bendikov Tatyana , Pinkas Iddo , Iron Mark A. , Kaplan‐Ashiri Ifat , Weissman Haim , Rybtchinski Boris 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWhile individual single‐wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have remarkable strength and electrical conductivity, SWCNT networks fabricated from dispersions have inferior properties due to nanotube bundling, limiting the potential applications of SWCNT materials. Herein, a common dye molecule (purpurin) is used to exfoliate SWCNTs via noncovalent functionalization and to fabricate SWCNT materials by a simple solution‐based process. The advantageous noncovalent interactions result in efficient exfoliation and metallic SWCNT enrichment, affording SWCNT materials with high mechanical robustness and electrical conductivity. This method is used to prepare mechanically robust SWCNT films and flexible transparent conductive electrodes.
Highly Active Nanocomposite Air Electrode with Fast Proton Diffusion Channels via Er Doping‐Induced Phase Separation for Reversible Proton Ceramic Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Liu Zuoqing , Lin Yuxiao , Nie Haoyu , Liu Dongliang , Li Yinwei , Zhao Xinsheng , Li Tao , Yang Guangming , Sun Yifei , Zhu Yinlong , Wang Wei , Ran Ran , Zhou Wei , Shao Zongping 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHighly active and durable air electrodes are crucial for the commercialization of reversible proton ceramic electrochemical cells (R‐PCECs) for large‐scale energy conversion and storage that may be developed by introducing oxygen ion, electron, and proton triple conducting species into the electrode materials. Here, a new triple conducting nanocomposite is reported as a promising air electrode of R‐PCECs, which consists of a dominated cubic perovskite Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.72Fe0.18Er0.09O3‐δ and a minor Er2O3 phase, developed by Er doping induced phase separation of Ba0.5Sr0.5(Co0.8Fe0.2)0.9Er0.1O3‐δ precursor. The Er doping stimulates the primary perovskite phase to possess excellent hydration capability and oxygen activation ability, while the Er2O3 minor phase, as a high‐speed proton transport channel, further cooperates with the perovskite main phase to boost the kinetic rate of the electrode for both oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORR/OER). As a result, the corresponding R‐PCEC achieves extraordinary electrochemical performance in fuel cell (1.327 W cm−2 at 650 °C) and electrolysis modes (−2.227 A cm−2 at 1.3 V and 650 °C), which exceed the similar cell with a typical Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3‐δ single‐phase perovskite air electrode by 82.3% and 122.7%, respectively. This Er‐doping induced phase separation provides a new way for new bifunctional electrodes development.
A 3D In Vitro Cortical Tissue Model Based on Dense Collagen to Study the Effects of Gamma Radiation on Neuronal Function
Authors: Lojek Neal M. , Williams Victoria A. , Rogers Andrew M. , Sajo Erno , Black Bryan J. , Ghezzi Chiara E. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractStudies on gamma radiation‐induced injury have long been focused on hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular systems, yet little is known about the effects of gamma radiation on the function of human cortical tissue. The challenge in studying radiation‐induced cortical injury is, in part, due to a lack of human tissue models and physiologically relevant readouts. Here, a physiologically relevant 3D collagen‐based cortical tissue model (CTM) is developed for studying the functional response of human iPSC‐derived neurons and astrocytes to a sub‐lethal radiation exposure (5 Gy). Cytotoxicity, DNA damage, morphology, and extracellular electrophysiology are quantified. It is reported that 5 Gy exposure significantly increases cytotoxicity, DNA damage, and astrocyte reactivity while significantly decreasing neurite length and neuronal network activity. Additionally, it is found that clinically deployed radioprotectant amifostine ameliorates the DNA damage, cytotoxicity, and astrocyte reactivity. The CTM provides a critical experimental platform to understand cell‐level mechanisms by which gamma radiation (GR) affects human cortical tissue and to screen prospective radioprotectant compounds.
Copper(I)‐Catalyzed [4+2] Oxidative Annulation of α,β‐Unsaturated Ketoxime Acetates with Cyclopropanols toward Functional Pyridines
Authors: Wu Qinghuan , Xu Gaochen , Li Yuguang , Shen Lei , Fang Zheng , Duan Jindian , Guo Kai 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA Cu(I)‐catalyzed [4+2] oxidative annulation of α,β‐unsaturated ketoxime acetates with cyclopropanols has been developed for the synthesis of 2,4,5‐trisubstituted pyridines in 28–76% yields. This method employs cyclopropanols as C2 synthons and features various functional group compatibility and gram‐scale synthesis. In addition, a plausible reaction pathway was proposed based on the mechanism studies.
Direct Upcycling of Woven Polypropylene Fabrics to Carbon‐Based Joule Heaters
Authors: Griffin Anthony , Smith Paul , Frame Parker , Jones Kaleb , Qiang Zhe 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWhile various plastic waste management practices are demonstrated to result in materials with similar properties, morphological features of plastic waste are often lost after recycling/upcycling. Particularly, synthetic textiles are a severely underutilized waste stream that contains built‐in value stemming from their woven architectures. This work demonstrates a simple upcycling strategy to convert polypropylene‐based (PP) woven fabrics to carbon fiber mats through direct pyrolysis for direct use in various end applications without need of additional processing steps, distinct from prior works converting plastic waste to carbon‐based additives. The retention of material properties and architectures, taking advantage of the inherent value with initial product manufacturing, is investigated, with optimal conditions resulting in consistent high carbon yields. Moreover, the textile‐derived carbon shows exceptional Joule heating performance, which can be employed in various heating applications, resulting in reduced energy consumption compared to conventional heating. Furthermore, decoration of fabric‐derived carbon with metal nanoparticles is demonstrated through electroplating, leading to altered surface functionality and further enhanced Joule heating performance. This work introduces a scalable method for upcycling of plastic waste to functional carbons that can completely retain initial material architectures with controlled shrinkage, providing a viable strategy for generating value‐added products toward electrification of heating processes.
Understanding recessive disease risk in multi‐ethnic populations with different degrees of consanguinity
Authors: La Rocca Luis A. , Frank Julia , Bentzen Heidi Beate , Pantel Jean Tori , Gerischer Konrad , Bovier Anton , Krawitz Peter M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPopulation medical genetics aims at translating clinically relevant findings from recent studies of large cohorts into healthcare for individuals. Genetic counseling concerning reproductive risks and options is still mainly based on family history, and consanguinity is viewed to increase the risk for recessive diseases regardless of the demographics. However, in an increasingly multi‐ethnic society with diverse approaches to partner selection, healthcare professionals should also sharpen their intuition for the influence of different mating schemes in non‐equilibrium dynamics. We, therefore, revisited the so‐called out‐of‐Africa model and studied in forward simulations with discrete and not overlapping generations the effect of inbreeding on the average number of recessive lethals in the genome. We were able to reproduce in both frameworks the drop in the incidence of recessive disorders, which is a transient phenomenon during and after the growth phase of a population, and therefore showed their equivalence. With the simulation frameworks, we also provide the means to study and visualize the effect of different kin sizes and mating schemes on these parameters for educational purposes.
Prohibition of corporal punishment and alternative justifications for the lawful use of force against children in Australia
Authors: Dallaston Elizabeth 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe prohibition of corporal punishment in Australia will require reform of the criminal law of assault to abolish defences in each Australian state and territory that permit the use of force on children for the purpose of punishment. This paper highlights the anomaly of those defences by undertaking a comparative doctrinal analysis with other Australian criminal law principles that excuse the use of force by parents and caregivers, including force for the purpose of management and control, and physical contact that is accepted by the community as part of everyday life. This comparison highlights the persistence in the corporal punishment defences of outdated notions of parental rights and authority over children, in contrast to broader trends in the law toward recognising that parents exercise responsibilities in the best interests of their children. In addition, this analysis confirms that abolition of Australian defences for corporal punishment will not criminalise parents and caregivers using force for purposes other than punishment.
Plasma pTau‐217 and N‐terminal tau (NTA) enhance sensitivity to identify tau PET positivity in amyloid‐β positive individuals
Authors: Woo Marcel S. , Tissot Cécile , Lantero‐Rodriguez Juan , Snellman Anniina , Therriault Joseph , Rahmouni Nesrine , Macedo Arthur C. , Servaes Stijn , Wang Yi‐Ting , Arias Jaime Fernandez , Hosseini Seyyed Ali , Chamoun Mira , Lussier Firoza Z. , Benedet Andrea L. , Ashton Nicholas J. , Karikari Thomas K. , Triana‐Baltzer Gallen , Kolb Hartmuth C. , Stevenson Jenna , Mayer Christina , Kobayashi Eliane , Massarweh Gassan , Friese Manuel A. , Pascoal Tharick A. , Gauthier Serge , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Rosa‐Neto Pedro 
Published: November 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONWe set out to identify tau PET‐positive (A+T+) individuals among amyloid‐beta (Aβ) positive participants using plasma biomarkers.METHODSIn this cross‐sectional study we assessed 234 participants across the AD continuum who were evaluated by amyloid PET with [18F]AZD4694 and tau‐PET with [18F]MK6240 and measured plasma levels of total tau, pTau‐181, pTau‐217, pTau‐231, and N‐terminal tau (NTA‐tau). We evaluated the performances of plasma biomarkers to predict tau positivity in Aβ+ individuals.RESULTSHighest associations with tau positivity in Aβ+ individuals were found for plasma pTau‐217 (AUC [CI95%] = 0.89 [0.82, 0.96]) and NTA‐tau (AUC [CI95%] = 0.88 [0.91, 0.95]). Combining pTau‐217 and NTA‐tau resulted in the strongest agreement (Cohen's Kappa = 0.74, CI95% = 0.57/0.90, sensitivity = 92%, specificity = 81%) with PET for classifying tau positivity.DISCUSSIONThe potential for identifying tau accumulation in later Braak stages will be useful for patient stratification and prognostication in treatment trials and in clinical practice.Highlights
We found that in a cohort without pre‐selection pTau‐181, pTau‐217, and NTA‐tau showed the highest association with tau PET positivity.
We found that in Aβ+ individuals pTau‐217 and NTA‐tau showed the highest association with tau PET positivity.
Combining pTau‐217 and NTA‐tau resulted in the strongest agreement with the tau PET‐based classification.
Rapid Formation of Non‐canonical Phospholipid Membranes by Chemoselective Amide‐Forming Ligations with Hydroxylamines**
Authors: Chen Jiyue , Brea Roberto J. , Fracassi Alessandro , Cho Christy J. , Wong Adrian M. , Salvador‐Castell Marta , Sinha Sunil K. , Budin Itay , Devaraj Neal K. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThere has been increasing interest in methods to generate synthetic lipid membranes as key constituents of artificial cells or to develop new tools for remodeling membranes in living cells. However, the biosynthesis of phospholipids involves elaborate enzymatic pathways that are challenging to reconstitute in vitro. An alternative approach is to use chemical reactions to non‐enzymatically generate natural or non‐canonical phospholipids de novo. Previous reports have shown that synthetic lipid membranes can be formed in situ using various ligation chemistries, but these methods lack biocompatibility and/or suffer from slow kinetics at physiological pH. Thus, it would be valuable to develop chemoselective strategies for synthesizing phospholipids from water‐soluble precursors that are compatible with synthetic or living cells Here, we demonstrate that amide‐forming ligations between lipid precursors bearing hydroxylamines and α‐ketoacids (KAs) or potassium acyltrifluoroborates (KATs) can be used to prepare non‐canonical phospholipids at physiological pH conditions. The generated amide‐linked phospholipids spontaneously self‐assemble into cell‐like micron‐sized vesicles similar to natural phospholipid membranes. We show that lipid synthesis using KAT ligation proceeds extremely rapidly, and the high selectivity and biocompatibility of the approach facilitates the in situ synthesis of phospholipids and associated membranes in living cells.
DNA barcodes and morphology reveal new species within the Rheotanytarsus guineensis species group from China (Diptera: Chironomidae)
Authors: Li Shu‐Yi , Yao Yuan , Sun Li , Ling Hai‐Ning , Jin Wei‐Dong , Lin Xiao‐Long 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Rheotanytarsus guineensis species group (Diptera: Chironomidae) is a species diverse and taxonomically difficult group. Using DNA barcodes, we found five new species within the R. guineensis species group and reviewed the species group based on adult males from China. Rheotanytarsus guoae Lin & Yao sp. n., Rheotanytarsus miaoae Lin & Yao sp. n., Rheotanytarsus qiangi Lin & Yao sp. n., Rheotanytarsus yueqingensis Lin & Yao sp. n., and Rheotanytarsus yui Lin & Yao sp. n. are all described and figured. A key to known adult males of the R. guineensis species group worldwide is provided for the first time.
Towards a Practical Use of Sulfide Solid Electrolytes in Solid‐State Batteries: Impact of Dry Room Exposure on H2S Release and Material Properties
Authors: Randrema Xavier , Leteyi Mfiban Ivan , Soler Marine , Profatilova Irina , Berthault Manon , Ramos Raphael , Lavie Julien , De Vito Eric , Blanc Lionel , Diry Sébastien , Launois Sébastien , Tarnopolskiy Vasily , Reytier Magali , Colin Jean‐François , Barchasz Céline , Liatard Sébastien 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSulfide‐based solid electrolytes (SEs) are amongst the most promising solid electrolytes for the development of solid‐state batteries (SSBs) due to their high ionic conductivity and processing advantage over oxide‐based SEs. However, one of the main drawbacks of sulfide SEs is their rapid degradation in presence of humidity. In this study, we investigated the effect of exposing three different sulfide SEs (Li7P3S11, the argyrodite Li6PS5Cl and the chloride‐doped argyrodite Li6‐xPS5‐xCl1+x) to the atmosphere of a dry room at a dew point (DP)=−40 °C. For the first time to the best of our knowledge, enhanced infra‐red (IR) laser technology was employed to follow and quantify online and in‐situ H2S evolution by the SEs in a dry room environment over 16 h. It was found that argyrodite compounds evolved approximately 8 times less H2S compared to Li7P3S11 over 16 h of exposure with peak concentrations between 5 and 16 ppm vol. The exposed materials were studied using X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS) and galvanostatic cycling. XPS results revealed a formation of Li2CO3 on the surface of argyrodite SEs, which served as a robust passivation layer limiting considerably reactions with the dry room atmosphere.
A 3D visualization‐based augmented reality application for brain tumor segmentation
Authors: Guerroudji Mohamed Amine , Amara Kahina , Lichouri Mohamed , Zenati Nadia , Masmoudi Mostefa 
Published: November 2023

SummaryEvery year on June 8th, the globe observes World Brain Tumor Day to raise awareness and educate people about brain cancer, encompassing both noncancerous (benign) and cancerous (malignant) growths. Research in the field of brain cancer plays a vital role in supporting medical professionals. In this context, augmented reality (AR) technology has emerged as a valuable tool, enabling surgeons to visualize underlying structures and offering a cost‐effective and time‐efficient alternative. Our study focuses on the efficient segmentation of brain tumor classes using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and incorporates a three‐stage approach: preprocessing, segmentation, and 3D reconstruction & AR display. In the preprocessing stage, a Gaussian filter is applied to mitigate intensity heterogeneity. Segmentation and detection are achieved using active geometric contour models, complemented by morphological operations. To establish 3D brain tumor reconstruction, a genuine scene is virtually integrated using 3D Slicer software. The proposed methodology was validated using a genuine patient dataset comprising 496 MRI scans obtained from the local Bab El Oued university hospital center. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in achieving accurate 3D brain tumor reconstruction, efficient tumor extraction, and augmented reality visualization. The obtained segmentation results showcased an impressive accuracy of 98.61%, outperforming existing state‐of‐the‐art methods and affirming the efficacy of our proposed strategy.
Simulating Non‐Adiabatic Dynamics of Photoexcited Phenyl Azide: Investigating Electronic and Structural Relaxation en Route to the Formation of Phenyl Nitrene
Authors: Das Sambit K. , Odelius Michael , Banerjee Ambar 
Published: November 2023

AbstractExcited state molecular dynamics simulations of the photoexcited phenyl azide have been performed. The semi‐classical surface hopping approximation has enabled an unconstrained analysis of the electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom which contribute to the molecular dissociation of phenyl azide into phenyl nitrene and molecular nitrogen. The significance of the second singlet excited state in leading the photodissociation has been established through electronic structure calculations, based on multi‐configurational schemes, and state population dynamics. The investigations on the structural dynamics have revealed the N−N bond separation to be accompanied by synchronous changes in the azide N−N−N bond angle. The 100 fs simulation results in a nitrene fragment that is electronically excited in the singlet manifold.