bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of casinos on key dimensions of health and nutrition: qualitative findings from American Indian gaming communities in California
Authors: Kodish Stephen R , Gittelsohn Joel , Oddo Vanessa M , Jones‐Smith Jessica C 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveThree decades ago, casino gaming on sovereign American Indian lands was legalized with differential economic and social implications. While casinos have indeed improved the incomes of tribal communities, there have been both positive and negative findings in relation to impacts on health. We sought to understand the perceived mechanisms and pathways by which casinos might impact individual and community health through the voices of the tribal community.MethodsWe conducted semi‐structured, in‐depth interviews with tribal leaders (n =12) and trial members (n =24) from gaming and non‐gaming tribal communities of California. We inductively analyzed textual data drawing from Grounded Theory, first using line‐by‐line coding to identify analytic categories from emergent themes in consideration of the study objective and research questions. Then, focused codes were applied to identify salient themes, which we represented through exemplar quotes and an overall figure illustrating pathways of casino impacts on health. Data were managed and coded with Dedoose software.ResultsAmerican Indian‐owned casinos are perceived to influence several dimensions of health through a variety of factors that can be organized into economic, social, and environmental pathways. Economic stimulation, including casino revenue generation and job creation, is perceived by tribal members with ambivalence due to its positive impacts on financial stability, but its many associated social problems that stem from consequences of per capita payouts and unhealthy casino environments. Tribal members described positive changes to the build environment resulting from casinos, indicating more and better physical activity opportunities, especially for children. Perceptions of casino impact on the food environment varied, as tribal members reported increased healthy food access thanks to additional income, but also noted the availability of more unhealthy foods and eating out establishments at casinos.ConclusionsThrough these three primary pathways, casinos are perceived to impact physical, emotional, and social dimensions of tribal health. Casino environments are perceived to improve the economic conditions of tribal communities, but present important social and public health challenges. Public policy makers at federal, state, and tribal levels should consider the local perceptions of tribal members and leaders when designing social and public health policies in light of casino development. Findings can be used for addressing salient community health concerns and developing culturally‐appropriate intervention strategies as a result.Support or Funding InformationSupported by the National Institutes of Health, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (4R00HD073327).
Nutritional status of pesticide exposed individuals
Authors: Valdes‐Ramos Roxana , Guadarrama‐López Ana Laura , Martínez‐Carrillo Beatriz Elina , Benítez‐Arciniega Alejandra Donají , Pacheco‐López Gustavo , Domínguez Julio Lenin 
Published: November 2023

Persistent organic pesticides, forbidden for human use, are commonly sprayed on flower producing fields in various areas in Mexico. These pesticides have been suggested to pose a risk for cardiovascular diseases. To evaluate the effect of pesticide exposure, we undertook a cross‐sectional study of body mass index, waist circumference, waist to hip ratio, body fat, systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as lipid profile in 44 subjects working and living in flower fields (rural) and 44 non‐exposed subjects from an urban setting. Sociodemographic characteristics were different between study groups, education levels were higher as well as family history of cardiovascular disease in the non‐exposed group. The exposed group had lower values of waist circumference (p<0.01) and waist to hip ratio (p<0.05). Significantly higher total cholesterol (p<0.001) and HDL‐cholesterol (p<0.001) were observed in the non‐exposed group. Anthropometric and biochemical indicators were lower in the exposed subjects, thus no association was found between pesticide exposure and cardiovascular risk factors. These results should be analysed with caution, as the study groups were different in their rurality condition, which may be masking other effects on the nutritional status of this population.Support or Funding InformationThis study was financed by a joint collaboration program from UAEM and UAM‐Lerma.
Examination of Dietary Behaviors of South Asians for the Development of Culturally Appropriate Nutrition Education Program
Authors: Qamar Zubaida , Misra Ranjita 
Published: November 2023

Nutrition Education programs are needed for South Asian population which is growing at a fast pace in the USA. South Asians (SA) are more susceptible to conditions such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases because of genetic predisposition and acculturation. In order to develop nutrition education programs for this population, needs assessment about the dietary habits is required before designing the program. The objective of this study was to assess the current dietary habits of SA in order to develop a culturally specific nutrition education program for South Asians living in the USA. A cross‐sectional study of 105 South Asian adults (men=58, women=47, mean age=~24 years) was conducted. Participants completed a self‐report survey assessing demographics, Body Mass Index (BMI), family history of diseases, acculturation, weight management and dietary behavior questions adapted from the Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile II.Descriptive statistics were obtained for each of the variables of this study. Also, a score for dietary behavior was determined based on the 4 responses: “Always”, “Often”, “Sometimes” and “Never”. Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis was conducted to predict the relationship between dietary behaviors and other variables of this study.In terms of dietary behavior, it was found that only 29.5% participants indicated that they “always” or “often” choose a diet low in fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol. Only 26.7% indicated that they “always” or “often” limit use of sugars, sweets, & desserts. Just 23.8% participants indicated that they “always” or “often” eat 2–4 servings of fruit each day and 39% indicated “always” or “often” to consuming 3–5 servings of vegetables each day. In terms of reading labels to identify nutrients, fats, and sodium content in packaged food, 43.8% participants indicated “always” or “often” in making their decision.It was also found that only label reading and BMI were associated with better dietary behavior score suggesting that promoting label reading for food products and weight management strategies should be considered as a part of the nutrition education program. Also based on these results about the dietary behavior, it can be seen that that nutrition education efforts should target limitation of high sugar, high fat foods and emphasize increase in consumption of fruits, vegetables and whole grain products for SA. Conclusively, there is an increased need to assess the dietary patterns and behavior of South Asians and efforts need to be taken for the development of nutrition education programs targeting these factors specifically for this population in the USASupport or Funding InformationNone
A Palauan Healthy Lifestyle: Steps toward Tailoring Local Resources and Health Information for Non‐Communicable Disease Prevention and Intervention
Authors: Farr Kiah J. , Cohen Zoe , Nielsen Katherine , Rahimian Amir Rombod , Appanaitis Inger , Hongu Nobuko 
Published: November 2023

The Republic of Palau is a United States Freely Associated Pacific Island, located near Western Micronesia. It is a small island nation with a population of approximately 20,000. Most available materials for healthful living are not tailored to the resources of the population. In 2010, Palau declared a state of emergency concerning non‐communicable diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this two‐year project was to create a health resource guidebook to promote healthy lifestyles and combat non‐communicable disease risk factors in the Republic of Palau. The first step included adapting the recommendations for healthy lifestyles supported by research to create a one‐page trifold brochure in English and Palauan to bridge the gap between health information and available resources. The brochure featured information on nutrition, health, and well‐being, and was disseminated through a public health booth at the bimonthly national Night Market. The second step of the project involved assessing community feedback on the health information of the brochures. Approximately 100 local families, including young working men and women, families with children, older adults, and school teachers participated in providing the feedback of the brochures. Mothers with young children were particularly interested in the brochure and requested more information relevant to the culture and resources of Palau. After examining positive and constructive feedback from the community, the third step of the project was to create a health resource guidebook including chapters on the following: National health statistics, nutrition, exercise, cardiovascular health, substance use, hygiene and sanitation, sexual, oral, mental, maternal, and child health, the aging body, and emergency care. Student interns from the University of Arizona are compiling relevant health information, while both interns and public health professionals in the Palauan Ministry of Health are developing graphics, recipes, and local information to maintain the cultural relevance of the book. After completion of the materials, the book will be printed and disseminated to every household on the island nation, at which time quantifiable data will be obtained to assess community feedback on the health resource guidebook. Further efforts should also explore the association of the cultural adaptation of the guidebook and incidence of non‐communicable disease in the population.Support or Funding InformationUniversity of Arizona, Honors College, Ministry of Health, Republic of Palau
Dietary quality and food group intakes of Korean elderly by chewing ability using the 2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data
Authors: Lim Young Suk , Kwon Song Hee , Kim Cho Rong , Lee Young Mi , Kwon Sooyoun , Kim Ok Sun , Kim Hee Young , Park Hae‐Ryun 
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this research was to examine the dietary quality and food group intakes of Korean elderly according to chewing ability using data from the Korea National Health and Examination Survey 2013 (KNHANES). Through a complex sampling design, all data was analyzed using a general linear analysis at p<0.05 after adjusting for age and gender. The dietary quality was assessed using the nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR), KDRI (Recommended Nutrient Intake(RNI) or Adequate Intake(AI)) and food group intakes were assessed according to chewing ability for 1134 elderly. Among subjects aged 65 years and over, 48.1% of elderly people were classified as the chewing difficulty group (CD). The CD group had lower nutrients and food group intakes than those with no difficulty in chewing group (Normal group). Specifically, the CD group consumed less fruits (p<0.01), vegetables (p<0.01) and animal oil (p<0.05). In addition, except for the vitamin A intake, the percentage of RNI or Al and the NAR of all nutrients in CD group were significantly lower (p<0.001–0.03). The intake of calcium was below the KDRI in all subjects, and the intake of vitamin C, vitamin B2 and potassium were below the KDRI in CD group. These results indicate that the dietary intakes of Korean elderly is influenced by chewing ability, showing lower food group intakes and nutrient intakes overall. Among CD group, the CD group seems to need specific nutritional intervention.Support or Funding InformationThis study was supported by the Health Promotion Fund, Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea (15–01)
The subjective level of stress, alcohol consumption and obesity in Koreans
Authors: Doo Miae , Yoon Seung‐Jin , Kim Hae‐Joon , Kim Yangha 
Published: November 2023

Serious stress often leads to unhealthy behaviors that can have an influence on the being of obese. This study was analyzed the subjective stress, alcohol consumption habits such as alcohol consumption status, quantity, and alcohol use disorders identification test as well as the anthropometrics of 6,229 subjects from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The gender‐based differences of the effect of the subjective level of stress on alcohol consumption habits and anthropometric measurements, as well as the interaction of the subjective level of stress and alcohol consumption habits on prevalence or risk of obesity were analyzed. The subjects with high subjective level of stress showed higher proportions for unhealthy alcohol consumption habits than those with low subjective level of stress [ORs (95% CIs) = 1.354 (1.190–1.542), 1.953 (1.684–2.264), and 1.871 (1.600–2.188) for alcohol consumption status, alcohol consumption quantity, and alcohol use disorders identification test, respectively]. Men showed significant interactions between the subjective level of stress and all alcohol consumption habits with respect to obesity [ORs (95% CIs) = 1.279 (1.056–1.549), 1.812 (1.520–2.158), and 1.401 (1.172–1.675) for alcohol consumption status, alcohol consumption quantity, and alcohol use disorders identification test, respectively]. Among women, interactions between the subjective level of stress and alcohol consumption status [ORs (95% CIs) = 0.704 (0.599–0.826)] and alcohol consumption quantity [ORs (95% CIs) = 0.929 (0.537–7.36)] in relation to obesity were found to be significant. This study demonstrated that the subjective level of stress influenced alcohol consumption habits that may have impacted obesity.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) and the Center for women In Science, Engineering and Technology (WISET) Grant funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning of Korea (MSIP) under the Program for Returners into R&D.
A Vegan Diet Rich in Fats of Plant Origin May Reverse Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Mejia Maximino Alfredo , Sanchez Albert , Sanchez Joanie , Runte Eric 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundCoronary artery disease (CAD) is currently being reversed using lifestyle interventions that includes a low‐fat plant‐based diet or a vegan diet that is restricted to 10–12% of energy as fat by restricting the use of free fats and fat‐rich foods. There is now evidence from the PREDIMED study that atherosclerosis is reversed by adding nuts to a Mediterranean diet that already had 30% of energy as fat. CAD was also reversed in a clinical case using a vegan diet with added nuts, but the fat content was not reported. Here we report a clinical case showing reversal of CAD with a vegan diet that contained 38% of total fat from nuts, seeds, olives, and avocados.Clinical reportA 75 year‐old male that developed angina was diagnosed with moderate coronary arterial stenosis using a treadmill nuclear stress test. He chose a lifestyle intervention consisting of a vegan diet and exercise rather than taking the routinely prescribed medications and surgical interventions. The patient began consuming a customarily prescribed low‐fat vegan diet for reversing CAD for two weeks, but then he increased the total content of his vegan diet to 38% of energy as total fat while maintaining only 4% of energy from saturated fat, coming from nuts and seeds, avocados, olives, and small amounts of vegetable oils.ResultsAngina disappeared within 6 months of lifestyle intervention and no coronary arterial stenosis was detected by the same nuclear stress test 2.25 years later.Discussion and ConclusionThe results of this clinical case are consistent with the evidence from the PREDIMED study using nuts added to the Mediterranean diet; and with a clinical case using a vegan diet with added nuts. We therefore hypothesize that a vegan diet not restricted in fats of plant origin while preserving a very low saturated fat content is effective for reversing CAD, together with exercise. This dietary approach could open the way for more people to adopt lifestyle interventions to reverse CAD by providing a more palatable diet. This new lifestyle approach could have a favorably impact on public health and the epidemic of cardiovascular disease in this country and abroad.Support or Funding InformationOnly institutional support from Weimar Institute and Andrews University. No external funding nor conflict of interests.
Differential Relationship Between Thigh and Calf Intramuscular Adipose Tissue Depots and Indices of Metabolic Health in Older Overweight and Obese Adults
Authors: Bergia Robert Emerson , Kim Jung Eun , Campbell Wayne W 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionAccumulation of intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) is associated with insulin resistance, but there are limited data comparing the predictive ability of different IMAT stores with markers of metabolic health.PurposeThe purpose of this secondary analysis study was to investigate associations among thigh and calf IMAT stores and indices of metabolic health in older overweight and obese adults.MethodsSeventy‐three subjects (25 men, 48 women, age: 58 ± 11 y, BMI: 29.9 ± 4.9 kg/m2, mean ± SD) completed dietary interventions with (n=48) or without (n=25) energy restriction‐induced weight loss and thigh and calf compositions were assessed via magnetic resonance imaging. IMAT, IMAT volume to total tissue volume (TT) ratio, and IMAT to muscle tissue volume (MT) ratio were regressed separately against fasting serum glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment‐insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR), and lipid‐lipoprotein profile parameters. A multiple linear regression modeling procedure was performed on baseline (adjusted for age and sex) and change values (adjusted for age, sex, baseline dependent variable) and adjusted regression coefficients (β*) are reported. Significance level was set at p<0.05 and all β* values herein meet significance.ResultsThigh IMAT is predictive of metabolic health parameters, while calf IMAT is not. Conversely, changes in calf IMAT from dietary intervention predict improvement of metabolic health indices, whereas thigh IMAT does not. Baseline thigh IMAT was associated with fasting serum insulin, HOMA‐IR, and serum triacylglycerol (TG). Baseline thigh IMAT:TT was associated with fasting serum glucose, insulin, HOMA‐IR, TG, total cholesterol (TC), and inversely associated with TC:HDL, while baseline thigh IMAT:MT was associated with TC and TG. There were no associations between baseline calf IMAT variables and metabolic health indices. No associations were detected between changes (Δ) in thigh IMAT and Δs in metabolic health indices. However, calf ΔIMAT was associated with Δ insulin, ΔHOMA‐IR, ΔTG, ΔTC and inversely associated with ΔTC:ΔHDL. Calf ΔIMAT:ΔMT was associated with Δ insulin, ΔHOMA‐IR, and ΔTC.ConclusionsThese data support the consensus that IMAT is associated with insulin resistance, and implicate IMAT to impact lipid‐lipoprotein profile. Further, improvement in metabolic health indices may be better predicted by changes in calf IMAT than by changes in thigh IMAT in older overweight and obese adults participating in weight loss and weight stability dietary interventions.Support or Funding InformationPurdue Center for Aging and Life Course; American Egg Board‐Egg Nutrition Center; National Dairy Council; NIH UL1TR001108; Purdue Ingestive Behavior Research Center
Pre‐meal Low‐fat Yogurt Consumption Reduces Postprandial Hyperglycemia and IL‐6 in Apparently Healthy Obese Women
Authors: Pei Ruisong , DiMarco Diana , Putt Kelley , Martin Derek , Bruno Richard , Bolling Bradley 
Published: November 2023

We hypothesized that pre‐meal low‐fat yogurt consumption would reduce postprandial inflammation by improving intestinal barrier function and glycemic responses in lean and obese women. Lean and otherwise healthy obese premenopausal women (18.5–27 vs. 30–40 kg/m2) were randomized to consume 12 oz low‐fat yogurt (YL, yogurt lean; YO, yogurt obese) or soy pudding (CL, control lean; CO, control obese; n = 30/group) for 9 wk while maintaining their usual energy intake. At wk 0 and 9, participants ingested 8 oz yogurt or soy pudding immediately prior to a high‐fat, high‐carbohydrate challenge meal. Plasma concentrations of lipopolysaccharide‐binding protein (LBP), soluble CD14 (sCD14), interleukin 6 (IL‐6), glucose, triglyceride (TG), and insulin were measured at hourly intervals to 4 h postprandially. At baseline, obese women had higher fasting plasma LBP, LBP/sCD14 ratio, IL‐6, glucose, TG, and insulin than lean women. Postprandial LBP/sCD14 ratio, a marker of impaired intestinal barrier function, increased by an average of 10% in CO within 2 h, but was unaltered by the challenge meal in YO. At 4 h postprandially, IL‐6 increased by 80% in CO and 34% in YO. At 1 h postprandially, CO plasma glucose increased by 16%, but was unchanged in YO. In lean individual, postprandial glucose decreased by 14–21% in CL compared to 8% – 13% in YL within 2 h. YL also tended to have less postprandial insulin over‐secretion than CL as indicated by the smaller area under the curve of postprandial insulin, while postprandial insulin was similar in YO and CO. Consumption of 12 oz yogurt daily for 9 wk did not further improve the beneficial effects of yogurt on selected biomarkers of postprandial response. In conclusion, yogurt consumption before a high‐fat, high‐calorie challenge meal improved biomarkers of intestinal barrier function and reduced postprandial IL‐6 in obese participants. Yogurt consumption also improved the glycemic responses in both lean and obese women.Support or Funding InformationDairy Research Institute
Environmental Cues Assist in Weight Management
Authors: Thaw Andrew Kurt 
Published: November 2023

Weight management and obesity research is extensive. Previously, our lab demonstrated enhanced weight loss for participants using a simple environmental cue. Specifically, participants placed brightly colored stickers with motivating weight loss sayings around their rooms, in their cars, and even on their wallets (participants were allowed to place the stickers wherever they liked). Participants that placed the cues in locations that they frequently encountered had significantly more weight loss compared to participants that had no such cues. In this follow up study, we employed a multiple baseline design whereby participants in the experimental group received the cues at various times during the experiment. If the cues were in fact impacting weight loss then we hypothesized that weight loss would be significantly enhanced only after the participants received their cues. Using this procedure we were able to confirm that weight loss across all participants was similar up until the introduction of the cues. Each week, a new group of participants received the cues and were allowed to use them for the remainder of the study. Results show that the introduction of the cues enhanced weight loss, regardless of which week the cues were introduced. Motivational factors may also play a role in these findings, however this study further supports the use of simple visual cues as a method of enhancing weight loss in adults.Support or Funding InformationThis research would not have been possible without the assistance of my undergraduate research team: Taz Watson, Martha Williams, Andrew DelCastillo, Scotty Dennis, & Shelley Rae Edwards.Special thanks to Millsaps College for supporting this research.