bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous post‐column immunoreaction detection using magnetized beads and a laboratory‐constructed electromagnetic separator
Authors: Tang Zhe , Karnes H. Thomas 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe nature of immune reactors allows development of quantitative analytical methods that are highly selective and can often be used directly with complex biological matrixes such as blood, plasma or urine. A major limitation of immunoassay is that antibodies are sometimes unable to discriminate structurally similar species such as drug metabolites and synthetic analogs. The problem associated with the lack of discrimination can be circumvented by coupling immunoassay with liquid chromatography post‐column. The most commonly used separation method in post‐column immunoreaction detection is the affinity column. Affinity columns may create undesired effects such as a compromise of the chromatographic separation efficiency, the requirement for an antibody with fast reaction kinetics and the need for flushing the column. This paper reports a post‐column immunoreaction detection system coupled with a laboratory‐constructed on‐line magnetic separation flow chamber that is designed to overcome these problems. The system uses disposable magnetic beads as a solid‐phase support for separation that can be easily removed from the system. The model analytes chosen for this study were digoxin and its metabolites due to the commercial availability of monoclonal antibodies for these compounds. Digoxin was separated using a chromatographic method prior to being interfaced through a liquid handler system to the immunoreactor. Compatibility of the HPLC mobile phase was determined to be acceptable with a mixing ratio of 1:3 between the LC fraction and immunoreagent solution. The dynamic range of the calibration curve in digoxin‐spiked phosphate buffer was found to be 0.25–12 ng/ml and a quadratic fit was found to provide the best fit to the data with a correlation coefficient of 0.9974. The residual error for all standards was less than 15%. The percentage RSDs for the two controls, 2 and 10 ng/ml, were 6.88 and 4.82% (n = 6) and the percentage errors were 7.07 and −6.89% (n = 6), respectively. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of labelling and de‐labelling reagents for detection and recovery of tyrosine residue in peptide
Authors: Toyo'oka Toshimasa , Mantani Tomomi , Kato Masaru 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis paper characterized the labelling and de‐labelling reagents for reversible labelling of tyrosine (Tyr)‐containing peptide, which involves detection and recovery. The phenolic hydroxyl group (‐OH) in Tyr structure reacted with 4‐fluoro‐7‐nitro‐2,1,3‐benzoxadiazole (NBD‐F), 4‐(N,N‐dimethylaminosulfonyl)‐7‐fluoro‐2,1,3‐benzoxadiazole (DBD‐F), and 1‐fluoro‐2,4‐dinitrobenzene (DNFB) under mild conditions at room temperature at pH 9.3. The labels in the resulting derivatives were removed with the treatment of nucleophiles, such as thiols (cysteine, N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine and dithiothreitol) and amines (dimethylamine, methylamine, diethylamine, ethylamine and pyrrolidine). The de‐labelling reactions of NBD‐labelled N‐acetyl‐L‐tyrosine (N‐AcTyr) with the nucleophiles produced N‐AcTyr, accompanied by NBD‐nucleophile. Although DBD‐F and DNFB also successfully labeled the ‐OH group in N‐AcTyr, the efficiency of CO bond cleavage and recovery of N‐AcTyr by the nucleophiles was relatively low compared with NBD‐label. Among the de‐labelling reagents, N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine and dimethylamine were recommended for the elimination of NBD moiety, with respect to the reaction rate, the side reaction, and the yield of recovery. The proposed procedure, which includes the labelling with NBD‐F and the removal of NBD moiety by the nucleophiles, was successfully applied to the reversible labelling of N‐terminal amine‐blocked peptides, i.e. N‐AcTyr‐Val‐Gly, Z‐Glu‐Tyr, Z‐Phe‐Tyr, N‐Formyl‐Met‐Leu‐Tyr, and N‐AcArg‐Pro‐Pro‐Gly‐Phe‐Ser‐Pro‐Tyr‐Arg. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of the interaction between alpha‐1‐acid glycoprotein and tamoxifen and its metabolites
Authors: Paterson Sarah C. , Lim Chang Kee , Smith Kevin D. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractTamoxifen is administered for the treatment of breast cancer; however resistance to therapy is commonplace. Postulated mechanisms of resistance to tamoxifen include altered pharmacology of the drug, changes in the structure and function of the oestrogen receptor and expression of genes that function to support the growth of cells resistant to tamoxifen. However, binding of drugs to proteins found in the plasma is known to affect the efficacy of drugs and alter their distribution. It is already known that tamoxifen is bound 99% to albumin. We investigated the interaction between the plasma protein, alpha‐1‐acid glycoprotein (AGP), and tamoxifen, since if binding did occur then the free plasma concentration of the drug would be reduced, resulting in the minimum effective concentration of tamoxifen not being attained. Using a recently described intrinsic fluorescence technique for the study of drug–protein interactions, the extent of binding between tamoxifen citrate and AGP was determined. Furthermore, analysis of binding of the known active metabolites of tamoxifen (4‐hydroxytamoxifen, N‐desmethyltamoxifen, N‐desdimethyltamoxifen, cis‐α‐hydroxytamoxifen and trans‐α‐hydroxytamoxifen) to AGP was conducted. Tamoxifen citrate and metabolites were shown to bind AGP, however the level of interaction was low and negligible at the concentration of the drug found in the plasma. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid optimization of the post‐column fluorogenic ninhydrin reaction for the HPLC‐based determination of bradykinin and related fragments
Authors: Wimalasena R. , Audus K. L. , Stobaugh J. F. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA flow injection analysis scheme is demonstrated for the rapid optimization of reagent concentrations, flow rates, delay time and temperature using the guanidino moiety specific fluorogenic ninhydrin reaction. Using the amino acid arginine, non‐arginine containing peptides, and the arginine‐containing peptides, bradykinin and related fragments, specificity is demonstrated. These results serve to extend previous descriptions of the post‐column reaction by offering a time efficient approach for the optimization of newly assembled post‐column reactors using this chemistry. The reactor is subsequently added to a gradient elution HPLC system with the separation of bradykinin and bradykinin fragments demonstrated. Detection sensitivity in the high femtomole–low picomole mass range was achieved for these substances. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of intracellular regulatory proteins by immunoaffinity capillary electrophoresis coupled with laser‐induced fluorescence detection
Authors: Phillips Terry M. , Smith Paul 
Published: January 2005

AbstractMeasurement of intracellular regulatory proteins is of great importance in many areas of biomedical research. In this communication we describe an antibody‐based capillary electrophoresis system equipped with an on‐line laser‐induced fluorescence detector capable of measuring intracellular proteins in cultures as low as 100 cells. The system demonstrated a high degree of precision and accuracy, being capable of detecting the fluorochrome‐labeled analytes of interest at concentration of approximately 0.5 pg. We have used this instrument to study concentrations of the intracellular regulatory proteins STAT‐1 and STAT‐3, following stimulation of lymphocyte cultures with the inflammatory cytokine, IL‐6. Using a combination of four antibodies specific for either STAT‐1 or STAT‐3 in both their nonphosphorylated and phosphorylated forms, we were able to demonstrate the differential expression of these proteins over time. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aryl Palladium Carbene Complexes and Carbene–Aryl Coupling Reactions
Authors: Albéniz Ana C. , Espinet Pablo , Manrique Raúl , Pérez‐Mateo Alberto 
Published: January 2005

AbstractTransmetalation of an aminocarbene moiety from [W(CO)5{C(NEt2)R}] to palladium leads to isolable monoaminocarbene palladium aryl complexes [{Pd(μ‐Br)Pf[C(NEt2)R]}2] (R = Me, Ph; Pf = C6F5). When [W(CO)5{C(OMe)R}] is used, the corresponding palladium carbenes cannot be isolated since these putative, more electrophilic carbenes undergo a fast migratory insertion process to give alkyl palladium complexes. These complexes could be stabilized in the η3‐allylic form for R = 2‐phenylethenyl or in the less stable η3‐benzylic fashion for R = Ph. Hydrolysis products and a pentafluorophenylvinylic methyl ether (when R = Me) were also observed. The monoaminocarbenes slowly decompose through carbene–aryl coupling to produce the corresponding iminium salts and, depending on the reaction conditions, the corresponding hydrolysis products. The electrophilicity of the carbene carbon, which is mainly determined by the nature of the heteroatom group, controls the ease of evolution by carbene–aryl coupling. Accordingly, no carbene–aryl coupling was observed for a diaminocarbene palladium aryl complex.
The ponderous evolution of corporate environmental reporting in Ireland. Recent evidence from publicly listed companies
Authors: O'Dwyer Brendan 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIreland's recent rapid economic growth has exacerbated pressure on the environment, leading to increased scrutiny of corporate environmental impacts. In order to assess whether external corporate environmental reporting (CER) has evolved in conjunction with this increased scrutiny, this paper reports on the results of a comprehensive analysis of CER practice among all Irish listed companies. The findings are interpreted using the lens of legitimacy theory. The results indicate that, apart from companies whose core activities have an easily observable environmental impact, there is little extensive CER undertaken, in terms of either its quantity or quality. Despite evidence of increasing trends in disclosure, in most instances disclosing companies remain at the very early stages in their consideration of CER. It is argued that this negligible disclosure potentially represents a minimalistic response to pressure from stakeholders whose power to threaten organizations' legitimacy is limited. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment
Design of generalized class E2 dc/dc converter
Authors: Sekiya Hiroo , Lu Jianming , Yahagi Takashi 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis paper presents a novel design procedure for class E2 dc/dc converter. The design procedure requires only circuit equations and design specifications. When the circuit equations are got, the other procedures for the computation of the design values are carried out with aid of computer. Therefore, we can design class E2 dc/dc converters with any conditions by using the proposed design procedure. Moreover, we give the design and the performance curves of class E2 dc/dc converter and discuss about them. By carrying out the circuit experiments, we show the validity of the proposed design procedure. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Signal flow graph modelling of interleaved buck converters
Authors: Veerachary Mummadi , Senjyu Tomonobu , Uezato Katsumi 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis paper presents a systematic development of unified signal flow graph model for an interleaved buck converter system operating in continuous inductor current mode. From this signal flow graph small, large‐signal and steady‐state models are developed, which are useful to study the converter dynamic and steady‐state behaviour. Converter performance expressions like steady‐state voltage gain, efficiency expressions and other small‐signal characteristic transfer functions are derived. Development of unified signal flow graph is explained for a 3‐cell interleaved converter system. Derivation of large, small‐signal and steady‐state models from the unified signal flow graph is demonstrated by considering a 2‐cell interleaved buck converter system. Large signal model was programmed in TUTSIM simulator, and the large‐signal responses against supply, load disturbances were predicted. Signal flow graph analysis results are validated with PSIM simulations. Further, the mathematical models obtained from the signal flow graph modelling are in agreement with those obtained from the state‐space averaging technique. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Plasma Flow Measurements in Linear Divertor Simulator MAP‐II Using Mach Probe and Directional Langmuir Probe [Contributions to Plasma Physics 44, No. 7–8, p. 656–661 (2004)]
Authors: Kado S. , Shikama T. , Kajita S. , Oishi T. , Tanaka S. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn the paper CPP44, No. 7/8 (2004), 656 ‐ 661, S. Kado, T. Shikama, S. Kajita, T. Oishi, S. Tanaka: “Plasma flow measurements in linear divertor simulator MAP‐II using Mach probe and directional Langmuir probe”, unfortunately, through technical oversight, necessary corrections within the text have been omitted.This concerns:1. p. 658, 2nd paragr., line 5: instead of “0, ‐30 (red shift) and +30 (blue shift)” read: “0, ‐26.5 (red shift) and +26.5 (blue shift)”2. p. 659, 3rd paragr. from below, last line: instead of “errors of about 40 ‐ 50 %” read: “errors of about 5 %”3. p. 660, Fig. 5, caption, 3rd line: instead of “+30 degree” read “+26.5 degree”, 5th line: instead of “‐30 degree” read “‐26.5 degree”, (both in accordance with the data given within the figure).We regret these mistakes.See original Contributions to Plasma Physics Vol. 44, No. 7–8, p. 656–661 (2004)
Rotational and Vibrational Temperature Measurements in a High‐Pressure Cylindrical Dielectric Barrier Discharge (C‐DBD)
Authors: Masoud N. , Martus K. , Figus M. , Becker K. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe rotational (TR) and vibrational (Tv) temperatures of N2 molecules were measured in a high‐pressure cylindrical dielectric barrier discharge (C‐DBD) source in Ne with trace amounts (0.02 %) of N2 and dry air excited by radio‐frequency (rf) power. Both TR and Tv of the N2 molecules in the C 3Πu state were determined from an emission spectroscopic analysis the 2nd positive system (C 3Πu → B3Πg). Gas temperatures were inferred from the measured rotational temperatures. As a function of pressure, the rotational temperature is essentially constant at about 360 K in the range from 200 Torr to 600 Torr (at 30W rf power) and increases slightly with increasing rf power at constant pressure. As one would expect, vibrational temperature measurements revealed significantly higher temperatures. The vibrational temperature decreases with pressure from 3030 K at 200 Torr to 2270 K at 600 Torr (at 30 W rf power). As a function of rf power, the vibrational temperature increases from 2520 K at 20 W to 2940 K at 60 W (at 400 Torr). Both TR and Tv also show a dependence on the excitation frequency at the two frequencies that we studied, 400 kHz and 13.56 MHz. Adding trace amounts of air instead of N2 to the Ne in the discharge resulted in higher TR and Tv values and in a different pressure dependence of the rotational and vibrational temperatures. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Characterization of munitions disturbance and contaminant loading
Authors: Houston Stephen T. , Doe III William W. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractMunitions use is a significant disturbance in Army impact areas and little is known about ecosystem response to this type of disturbance. This study describes a first‐order approximation methodology used to characterize the spatial extent of munitions use and the associated potential for contaminant inputs in an impact area at Fort Greely, Alaska. Utilizing munition expenditure data, failure rates, and an estimate of cratering effects, the study determined that less than 0.03 percent of the total high‐hazard impact areas are exposed to munitions, and a maximum theoretical high‐explosive contaminant loading rate within the target array area of 0.46 g m−2 yr−1. These approximations show good correlation to measured contaminant concentrations highlighting the possibility of using this methodology for impact‐area management. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cultural and biological survey of caves at Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri, assessing the suitability of caves for military training
Authors: Proffitt Joe 
Published: January 2005

AbstractCurrent international military activities, especially in Afghanistan, have accelerated the need for military training activities in caves. Currently, military training in caves is not permitted on Fort Leonard Wood due to incomplete, partial, or outdated cultural and biological inventories; lack of adequate mapping; and other safety issues. This project is the initial phase of a multiyear Legacy project to establish a strategy, plan, and priority list for managing cave resources from a military training, biological, geophysical, cultural, and historical resources standpoint. The project will also help natural resource managers establish “cave policy” for installations that will facilitate management for natural, cultural, military training, and recreation resource issues as increased regulation and pressure is put on cave ecosystems. This Legacy project developed and field‐tested a program for inventorying and monitoring caves. The project identified a number of caves that can be utilized as training sites. Overreliance on previous cave surveys, the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) consultation and notification process when human remains were discovered, and the availability of experts to classify invertebrate cave life caused the project to take much more time than expected. A final technical report is being completed, and a “howto” brochure for other installations was completed in August 2004. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modelling the response of the atmosphere to equatorial forcing
Authors: Wakefield M. A. , Cullen M. J. P. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe equatorial region is of great importance in understanding the climate, but achieving good tropical performance in climate models is still an outstanding problem. Essential to resolving tropical dynamics is the correct prediction of the steady state behaviour. In this paper a new method is constructed capable of resolving these steady state solutions and hence validating general circulation models (GCMs). © Crown copyright 2005. Reproduced with the permission of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure and evolution of singular vectors in the Eady model
Authors: Frame T. H. A. , Nichols N. K. , Thorpe A. J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe singular vectors of the propagation matrix of a simple two‐dimensional model of the midlatitude atmospheric flow are calculated, in order to obtain initial conditions that achieve the maximum stream‐function amplification over a 24 h time period. Simple plane wave initial conditions are found to be a reasonable model for the amplification mechanism of the leading singular vector structures. The primary mechanism for growth is found to be the ‘untilting’ of the initial potential vorticity wavefronts. The existence of boundary wave structures is found to be the deciding factor in the zonal scale of perturbations and some evidence that these act against the primary growth mechanism is presented. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
QTL mapping with discordant and concordant sibling pairs: new statistics and new design strategies
Authors: Szatkiewicz Jin P. , Feingold Eleanor 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe term “extreme discordant and concordant” (EDAC) sampling has been used to describe a variety of strategies for quantitative trait locus mapping using sibling pairs sampled from the corners of the bivariate trait distribution. The principle of the design is to gain efficiency by genotyping only the most informative of the available sibling pairs. EDAC‐type designs have been studied in a number of papers, and have been applied in a few others. This literature is somewhat out of date, however, because there are many new statistics that are appropriate for EDAC data. With newer statistics, the power of EDAC designs can be improved. Moreover, the relative power of different designs must be re‐evaluated, because the newer statistics improve the power of some designs more than others. That is, there is a circular relationship between design and statistic choices. In this report, we review a number of available design and statistic choices for EDAC studies, and use simulation to show what statistics are most powerful for each design. We then use those more powerful statistics to suggest strategies for making design choices among various EDAC and non‐EDAC designs that use sibling pairs. We find that when genotyping must be minimized, an EDAC design with predominantly discordant pairs is the best choice, and when a balance of genotyping and phenotyping effort must be achieved, single proband ascertainment can do better. We also show that moderately selected samples (as opposed to very extreme samples) can be an efficient choice for many studies. Genet. Epidemiol. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comment on ‘Measuring the flow resistance of submerged grass’ by C. A. M. E. Wilson and M. S. Horritt, Hydrological Processes 16: 2589–2598
Authors: Giuseppe Carollo Francesco , Ferro Vito 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn this short note, the experimental data of Wilson and Horritt (2002. Hydrological Processes 16: 2589–2598), jointly with the measurements by Kouwen et al. (1969. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Division, ASCE 95: 329–342) and by Raffaelli et al. (2002 In Proceedings XXVIII Convegno di Idraulica e Costruzioni Idrauliche, Cosenza, Italy; 223–230), are firstly used to test Kouwen's approach. All experimental data are then used to calibrate a flow resistance equation that was theoretically deduced by dimensional analysis and self‐similarity theory. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of municipal compost/limestone/iron mixtures as filling material for permeable reactive barriers for in‐situ acid mine drainage treatment
Authors: Gibert Oriol , de Pablo Joan , Luis Cortina José , Ayora Carlos 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to assess the potential of municipal compost as a carbon source for sulfate‐reducing bacteria for acid mine drainage bioremediation for use in permeable reactive barriers at high flow rates (>0.1 m d−1). Two different mixtures of municipal compost, limestone and zero‐valent iron were assessed in two column experiments. The effluent solution was systematically analysed throughout the experiments. At the end of the experiments precipitates from both columns were withdrawn for scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and X‐ray diffractometry examination and solid digestion and sequential extraction were carried out. Results showed that the effluent was free of metals and acidity. It seems that metal removal was not due to biogenic sulfide generation but to pH increase, ie metal (oxy)hydroxides precipitation. These precipitates can sorb other metals onto the surface. Sorption to organic matter could also contribute to metal removal. When zero‐valent iron was present, cementation of copper also occurred. It can be concluded that municipal compost was a poor carbon source to support continuous bacterial activity under high flow rates. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Kinetics of aqueous phase hydrogenation of maleic acid to succinic acid over an Ru/Al2O3 catalyst
Authors: Vaidya Prakash D , Mahajani Vijaykumar V 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe kinetics of aqueous phase catalytic hydrogenation of maleic acid to succinic acid were studied in a slurry reactor between 323 and 353 K using a hydrogen partial pressure range of 1.03–2.06 MPa, with a 5% Ru/Al2O3 catalyst. The initial rate data were analyzed using a power law model. Above 1.72 MPa hydrogen partial pressure, the reaction was zero order with respect to hydrogen. Based on this hydrogen pressure effect, a Langmuir–Hinshelwood rate model was proposed to which the rate data could be fitted well. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry