bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Underrepresented minorities in business doctoral programs: trends and academic placements (1973 to 2018)
Authors: Jackson Joanna R. , Lewis, Jr Willis , Menachemi Nir 
Published: October 2023

PurposeThis paper aims to present demographic characteristics and postgraduate employment trends of business doctoral graduates, especially the proportion that are underrepresented minorities (URMs) over time.Design/methodology/approachThe authors analyze the near census of individuals receiving doctoral degrees in a wide range of business disciplines from US-accredited universities from 1973 to 2018 (n= 50,091) contained with the National Science Foundation Survey of Earned Doctorates. The authors analyze how the proportion of URM graduates, by discipline, has changed over time both in terms of receiving a doctoral degree and entering an academic position.FindingsThe proportion of URM graduates fluctuated between approximately 5% and 15% annually, steadily increasing across decades. Overall, 64.4% of all graduates entered an academic position, with notably higher rates among whites (72.1%) compared to Blacks (51.8%), Hispanics (60.4%) and other URMs (56.4%) (p< 0.001). In adjusted models, the proportion of URMs that entered academic positions significantly increased overtime, beginning in the 1990s and peaked in the 2000s. Although the few institutions that graduated the highest number of URMs do not currently have an Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business-accredited business school, the authors identify several exemplar institutions where URM graduates entered academic jobs at the highest rates.Originality/valueThe authors provide demographic trends that shed light on ways to influence an increase in URM doctoral graduates from business disciplines into academic careers. This discussion is of interest to university administrators and other stakeholders interested in diversity issues in higher education.
Spiraling between learning and alignment toward digital service innovation
Authors: Coreynen Wim , Matthyssens Paul , Struyf Bieke , Vanhaverbeke Wim 
Published: October 2023

PurposeThis study aims to develop theory on the process toward digital service innovation (DSI) and to generate insights into how companies deal with the rising complexity associated with DSI, both inside and outside of the organization, through organizational learning and alignment.Design/methodology/approachAfter purposeful sampling, in-depth, longitudinal case studies of three manufacturers are presented as illustration. Per case, multiple semi-structured interviews are conducted, and insights are validated through rich additional data gathering. Each company's DSI pathway is reconstructed with critical incident technique. Next, using systematic combining, a middle-range theory is developed by proposing a theoretical frame concerning the relations between DSI maturity, learning and alignment.FindingsThe authors posit that, as companies gradually develop and progress toward DSI maturity, they deal with a rising degree of complexity, fueling their learning needs. Companies that are apt to learn, pass through multiple cycles of learning and alignment to overcome specific complexities associated with different DSI stages, with each cycle unlocking new DSI opportunities and challenges.Originality/valueThe study applies a stage-based view on DSI combined with complexity management and organizational learning and alignment theory. It offers a theoretical frame and propositions to be used by researchers for future DSI studies and by managers to evaluate alternative DSI strategies and implementation steps.
Evaluation of a method for the additive tooling of injection mould inserts
Authors: Schrock Steffen , Junk Stefan , Albers Albert 
Published: October 2023

Purpose
This study aims to investigate a systematic approach to the production and use of additively manufactured injection mould inserts in product development (PD) processes. For this purpose, an evaluation of the additive tooling design method (ATDM) is performed.

Design/methodology/approach
The evaluation of the ATDM is conducted within student workshops, where students develop products and validate them using AT-prototypes. The evaluation process includes the analysis of work results as well as the use of questionnaires and participant observation.

Findings
This study shows that the ATDM can be successfully used to assist in producing and using AT mould inserts to produce valid AT prototypes. As a reference for the implementation of AT in industrial PD, extracts from the work of the student project groups and suitable process parameters for prototype production are presented.

Originality/value
This paper presents the application and evaluation of a method to support AT in PD that has not yet been scientifically evaluated.
Numerical and theoretical analysis of multiple simultaneous impact on a functionally graded porous aluminum plate
Authors: Windi Omar Imad Shukri , Qanber Ali Sadik Gafer 
Published: October 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to extract the response of the simultaneous low-velocity impact of multiple impactors on a porous functionally graded (FG) aluminum plate.

Design/methodology/approach
To design a porous FG structure, a series of functions are applied using the porosity coefficient, and mechanical properties including Young’s modulus, shear modulus and the density of the porous structure are presented as a function of the axis placed in the direction of the plate thickness. The first-order shear deformation theory of the plate is used. To simulate the contact process between each impactor and the plate, a nonlinear Hertz contact force is considered for that impactor independently.

Findings
ABAQUS finite element software is used for the verification process of the theorical equations. The effects of porous function type, radius and initial velocity of impactor are investigated for the simultaneous impact of five impactors on porous FG aluminum plate with a simply supported boundary condition. Histories of contact force and displacement of the impactor placed in the center of the beam are analyzed in detail with the changes of the mentioned parameters.

Originality/value
Due to the advantages of porous aluminum plate such as high energy absorption and low weight, such structures may be subjected to the simultaneous impact of multiple impactors, which is studied in this research.
A new resource for monitoring reef ecosystems: The background of recreational diver photographs contains valuable habitat data
Authors: Roberts Christopher J. , Vergés Adriana , Poore Alistair G. B. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Vast numbers of nature photographs are shared online on various social media and citizen science platforms, providing an important and growing source of ecological data. In addition to the focal subject, which provides species occurrence data, photographs often contain secondary information such as habitat captured incidentally in the background.

Here, we test whether the background of underwater photographs taken by recreational divers can be used to monitor reef habitat composition by comparing them to photoquadrats from standardised scientific surveys at three locations in Sydney, Australia. Furthermore, we assessed the effect of different photographic styles (wide‐angle vs. close‐up) and photographic subjects (fish vs. gastropods) on the habitat captured.

Over 90% of underwater photographs displayed habitat in the background demonstrating the considerable amount of data available within this unutilised resource.

Overall, the habitat composition captured in the background of photographs was broadly similar to that recorded by standardised survey quadrats. Although significant differences between photographs and photoquadrats were detected for most habitats, the differences were small.

Furthermore, we found the difference between the two methods could be reduced by using subsets of photographs; for example, fish photographs detected kelp habitat at a similar rate to photoquadrats.

Synthesis and applications: The background of underwater photographs from recreational divers contains valuable data that can be used to monitor habitat taxa that are typically under‐represented. To reduce the potential for bias we recommend restricting photographs to a single photographic subject (e.g. fish), using wide‐angle photographs only and obtaining at least 50 photographs per site from different divers when using recreational photographs to assess changes in habitat‐forming species.
Functional traits of young seedlings predict trade‐offs in seedling performance in three neotropical forests
Authors: Metz Margaret R. , Wright S. Joseph , Zimmerman Jess K. , Hernandéz Andrés , Smith Samuel M. , Swenson Nathan G. , Umaña M. Natalia , Valencia L. Renato , Waring‐Enriquez Ina , Wordell Mason , Zambrano Milton , Garwood Nancy C. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Understanding the mechanisms that promote the coexistence of hundreds of species over small areas in tropical forest remains a challenge. Many tropical tree species are presumed to be functionally equivalent shade tolerant species but exist on a continuum of performance trade‐offs between survival in shade and the ability to quickly grow in sunlight. These trade‐offs can promote coexistence by reducing fitness differences.

Variation in plant functional traits related to resource acquisition is thought to predict variation in performance among species, perhaps explaining community assembly across habitats with gradients in resource availability. Many studies have found low predictive power, however, when linking trait measurements to species demographic rates.

Seedlings face different challenges recruiting on the forest floor and may exhibit different traits and/or performance trade‐offs than older individuals face in the eventual adult niche. Seed mass is the typical proxy for seedling success, but species also differ in cotyledon strategy (reserve vs. photosynthetic) or other leaf, stem and root traits. These can cause species with the same average seed mass to have divergent performance in the same habitat.

We combined long‐term studies of seedling dynamics with functional trait data collected at a standard life‐history stage in three diverse neotropical forests to ask whether variation in coordinated suites of traits predicts variation among species in demographic performance.

Across hundreds of species in Ecuador, Panama and Puerto Rico, we found seedlings displayed correlated suites of leaf, stem, and root traits, which strongly correlated with seed mass and cotyledon strategy. Variation among species in seedling functional traits, seed mass, and cotyledon strategy were strong predictors of trade‐offs in seedling growth and survival. These results underscore the importance of matching the ontogenetic stage of the trait measurement to the stage of demographic dynamics.

Our findings highlight the importance of cotyledon strategy in addition to seed mass as a key component of seed and seedling biology in tropical forests because of the contribution of carbon reserves in storage cotyledons to reducing mortality rates and explaining the growth‐survival trade‐off among species.

Synthesis: With strikingly consistent patterns across three tropical forests, we find strong evidence for the promise of functional traits to provide mechanistic links between seedling form and demographic performance.
Biological Flora of Britain and Ireland:Geranium pratense
Authors: Jefferson Richard G. , Wagner Markus , Sullivan Elizabeth , Tatarenko Irina , Westbury Duncan B. , Ashton Paul , Hulmes Lucy 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis account presents information on all aspects of the biology ofGeranium pratenseL. (Meadow Crane's‐Bill). The main topics are presented within the standard framework of theBiological Flora of Britain and Ireland: distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors, responses to environment, structure and physiology, phenology, floral and seed characters, herbivores and disease, history and conservation.Geranium pratenseis a perennial gynodioecious forb of neutral grassland. In Britain and Ireland, it is particularly abundant on roadside verges, railway embankments, the margins of watercourses and woodland rides. It is generally intolerant of grazing and is absent or scarce in livestock‐grazed grassland.Geranium pratenseis widespread in England, Wales and Scotland but is scarce in Ireland. It has an extensive native range in Europe and Asia, extending eastwards to Russia, north‐western China and Mongolia. It has been widely introduced to new sites within its native range and has been introduced to Canada, the USA and New Zealand.Geranium pratenseusually occurs on free‐draining soils but also infrequently where drainage is impeded. The soils are often nutrient‐rich and weakly acidic to weakly alkaline. The underlying geology is usually non‐acidic sedimentary rocks or superficial deposits.Geranium pratenseis protandrous and is pollinated by various insects of the orders Hymenoptera, Diptera and Lepidoptera, particularly bumblebees, solitary bees, hoverflies and butterflies. Eleven species of phytophagous insect have been recorded onG. pratensein Britain and Ireland.Geranium pratensehas little or no capacity for vegetative spread. Primary seed dispersal is ballistic and seeds may be flung over distances of up to several metres. The species has a transient seed bank, that is germination typically takes place in the winter and spring after seed production, after the physically dormant seeds have become permeable. Seedling establishment is higher in vegetation‐free gaps than in undisturbed grassland vegetation.There has been no significant change in its distribution between the late 1950s and 2019, although since 2000, it has expanded its range, mainly via introductions, in northern and western Scotland, west Wales and in Ireland. Alien sites have increased markedly since the 1960s due to introductions from wildflower seed sowing and spread from gardens.
Hydroxyapatite fortified mango mousse: Formulation, characterization, and sensory data evaluation using fuzzy logic
Authors: Liaqat Saba , Ahmed Zaheer , Iqbal Faisal , Umer Muhammad Usama 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this experimental study, hydroxyapatite (HAp), as a valuable calcium source, was extracted from discarded goat bone; raw and nano‐biogenic powders were prepared through calcination and ultra‐sonication. Resultant powders were characterized by using various spectroscopy techniques. As per the findings of atomic absorption spectroscopy, raw and nano‐biogenic powders depicted 1439.7 ± 0.12 and 3194.8 ± 0.07 ppm calcium content, respectively. The range of particle size of nano‐biogenic and raw powders was 47–139 and 183 nm, respectively. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed crystalline behavior whereas laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS)‐derived Ca/P‐ratio endorsed excellence in nano‐biogenic 1.76 against 1.63 in raw powder. In vitro bioavailability of calcium in raw and nano‐biogenic powder was ∼36% and ∼39%, respectively. Next, the powders were further used to develop calcium‐fortified mango mousse with varied formulations. A maximum overrun of 23.31% was found in the case of “Raw‐A,” whereas a maximum viscosity of 8489.98 mPa s was found in the case of “Nano‐A.” Sensory data of mango mousse were obtained by fuzzy logic method, and PCA ranked the Nano‐B and Nano‐A samples the best in terms of overall acceptability. Meanwhile, the consumer responses toward product likeness and/or dislikeness were recorded by the hedonic scale that endorsed Nano‐A and Nano‐B formulations as the most preferred samples.Practical ApplicationThe revolution in the eating habits of consumers from traditional foods to fast food imposes the development of new products having good nutritional values. Different waste biogenic food sources can provide an acceptable powdered form of ingredients for the development of novel food products. In this regard, the development of novel food products using calcium supplements has gained space in the food industry.
A new strategy for browning regulation: Flos Sophorae Immaturus extract and thermal treatment modulates nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species network in fresh‐cut potatoes
Authors: Qiao Liping , Liu Yuhan , Deng Xiuli , Yu Weiyang , Wang Yanyu , Li Xiaokui , Lu Laifeng , Liu Xia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBrowning discoloration is a critical issue that negatively affects the quality of fresh‐cut products and their industrial growth. Although many individual anti‐browning technologies have been adopted, very few reports on the combination use of natural product extracts and physical methods exist. This study investigated the use of Flos Sophorae Immaturus extract in conjunction with thermal treatment and discovered that the combination effectively retarded browning in fresh‐cut potatoes. Accordingly, the activities of polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase, as well as phenol accumulation, were effectively regulated. Meanwhile, this combination treatment also allowed for the modulation of nitric oxide synthase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities, while also regulating the concentrations of nitric oxide, superoxide anion, and hydrogen peroxide. Furthermore, the duplex treatment also regulated the antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde concentrations. In addition, 39 phytoactive compounds, including protocatechuic acid, quercetin, (−)‐alpha‐pinene, and matrine, were identified in the extract, which may function as the anti‐browning composition. These findings suggest that the combination technology modulated the dynamic equilibrium of production and clearance of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species, thereby reducing browning deterioration. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of the combined application of Flos Sophorae Immaturus and thermal treatment, which may offer a novel option for fresh‐cut preservation.Practical ApplicationThe feasibility of integrating a novel highly efficient, safe, environmentally friendly, and easy‐to‐operate anti‐browning alternative, with the ability to integrate into the existing processing line was investigated. The color of sliced potato chips was significantly improved (73.4%) by dipping them in a 0.01% Flos Sophorae Immaturus solution for 5 min and then in 55°C water for 2 min. In this regard, superior browning alleviation may depend on the regulation of the browning reaction and the NO‐ROS network. This method has a promising future for making fresh‐cut products more appealing to consumers and may provide guidance for fresh‐cut producers and related industries.
Factors associated with fertility intention among women with systemic lupus erythematosus in China: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Liang Qian , Wang Xingxin , He Qian , Ni Xiaowei , Zhao Rui , Ji Juan , Dong Chen , Gu Zhifeng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to explore the status and influencing factors of fertility intention in women of childbearing age with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsA total of 158 SLE patients admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University from February 2021 to February 2022 were selected for a cross‐sectional study. The dependent variable in this study was the fertility intention of lupus women of childbearing age, so the questionnaire was selected: “In view of your disease, do you plan to have children? Yes/no” as the measurement statement. Lupus patients were divided into fertility intention groups and non‐fertility intention groups. The questionnaire survey comprises following scales: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI‐20), Female Sexual Distress Scale‐Revised (FSDS‐R), and others. Independent t‐test, one‐way ANOVA, Mann–Whitney U test, and binary logistic regression were used for analysis.ResultsThe results showed that 20.9% of lupus patients in this study had a fertility intention. The fertility intention was associated with age, reproductive history, reproductive concerns, sexual distress, fatigue, family function, social support, depression, and sleep. Binary logistic regression showed that physical fatigue (OR 3.56, 95% CI 1.048–12.07) and personal health (OR 2.50, 95% CI 1.065–5.853) had significant predictors of fertility intention.ConclusionOur study identified a lower fertility intention in SLE patients who had reproductive concerns, sexual distress, family dysfunction, and fatigue. We encourage healthcare institutions to provide counseling services to all the SLE patients who have fertility intention and focus more on those who have requirements for fertility.
Pharmacokinetics of oral ciprofloxacin in adult patients: A scoping review
Authors: Junkert Allan Michael , Lazo Raul Edison Luna , Deffert Flávia , Carneiro Jaqueline , Borba Helena Hiemisch Lobo , de Campos Michel Leandro , Pontarolo Roberto 
Published: October 2023

AimsTo map the literature on oral ciprofloxacin's pharmacokinetics and its implications for dose adjustments in specific populations.MethodsA scoping review was performed according to the Cochrane Collaboration and JBI and reported following the PRISMA‐ScR. Systematic searches on electronic databases were conducted to integrate the current evidence on ciprofloxacin's pharmacokinetics. The quality of the included studies was assessed using ClinPK's checklist.ResultsThe search yielded 55 relevant studies. Within the traditional pharmacokinetics studies (n = 46), 86 profiles were examined (72 involving healthy patients and 14 with various clinical conditions). Oral ciprofloxacin's pharmacokinetics were influenced by covariates such as drug interactions (ferrous ions, calcium carbonate, diclofenac and itraconazole), food interactions (calcium‐rich foods), elderly populations and renal impairment. Notably, variability in pharmacokinetic parameters existed among subjects, regardless of their health status, underscoring the need for comprehensive population descriptions. Population pharmacokinetic studies (n = 9) identified significant covariates for hospitalized patients, such as creatinine clearance, plasma bicarbonate, estimated glomerular filtration rate, renal replacement therapy, age, sex, total bilirubin, fat‐free mass, dietary factors in renal disease, rifampicin for clearance models and body weight for volume of distribution models. Most pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic assessments concluded that 1200 mg/day provides a high probability of target attainment for bacteria with minimum inhibitory concentration <0.5 mg L−1, aiming for an area under the curve for 24 h/minimum inhibitory concentration >125 h.ConclusionsThis study offers a comprehensive overview regarding oral ciprofloxacin's pharmacokinetics across various health conditions. It highlights the complexities of ciprofloxacin's pharmacokinetics, emphasizing the importance of considering multiple factors in dose adjustments.