bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive Characteristics of Childhood emergency injury presentations in a non-urban area of Victoria, Australia.
Authors: Peck Blake , Terry Daniel , Kloot Kate 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background Injury is the leading cause of death and disability amongst those between 0–16 years of age. Routinely associated with a social gradient of health, childhood injury is reportedly higher in rural and regional areas. The Rural Acute Hospital Data Register (RAHDaR), which includes previously non-reported data, provides a more accurate understanding of injury emergency presentation events and the factors associated with these presentations. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study collected de-identified emergency injury presentation data from nine health services in regional Victoria for children aged 0–14 years between 2017 and 2022. Demographic and presentation data were collated along with the Victorian Emergency Minimum Dataset (VEMD). Emergency injury presentation incidence rates and predictor variables were analysed using hierarchical multiple regression. Significance was determined at p < 0.05. Results Among the 15,884 emergency injury presentations, 35.2% (n = 5,597) occurred at health services who did not previously report data to the VEMD. This increase in our understanding of emergency injury presentations demonstrates a rate of 141.63 presentations per 1000 children per year. Key factors such as age, gender, local attendance rates of free three-and-a-half year final stage child health assessment and pre-school, an increasing number of GPs per head of population and Index of Education and Occupation were associated with emergency injury presentation events across gender, while socioeconomic status was not predictive. Interestingly, local rates of attendance at free three-and-a-half year final stage child health assessments and attending pre-school were specifically predictive among the 0–4 age group. Conclusions Although some findings are consistent with current research, this study high- lights previously unrecognized specific factors that are predictive of injury among 0-4-year-old children that require deeper investigation. These findings provide more accurate insights for healthcare workers and policymakers as they seek to support people with injury and accurately address health inequities.
Relationship Between Prostate-Specific Antigen, Alkaline Phosphatase Levels, and Time- to-Tumor Shrinkage: Understanding the Progression of Prostate Cancer in a Longitudinal Study
Authors: Liaqat Madiha , Khan Rehan Ahmad , Fischer Florian , Kamal Shahid 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background: This study delves into the complex interplay among prostate-specific antigen, alkaline phosphatase, and the temporal dynamics of tumor shrinkage in prostate cancer. By investigating the longitudinal trajectories and time-to-Prostate cancer tumor shrinkage, we aim to untangle the intricate patterns of these biomarkers. This understanding is pivotal for gaining profound insights into the multifaceted aspects of prostate cancer progression. The joint model approach serves as a comprehensive framework, facilitating the elucidation of intricate interactions among these pivotal elements within the context of prostate cancer.
Methods: A new joint model under shared parameters strategy is proposed for mixed bivariate longitudinal biomarkers and an event time data, to get good estimates in case of missingness in covariates. The main objective of this research is to provide a model-based approach to get full information from prostate cancer data collected with patients’ baseline characteristics (Age, Body mass index, Gleason Score, Grade, and Drug) and two longitudinal endogenous covariates (Platelets and Bilirubin).
Results: The results reveal a clear association between prostate-specific antigen and alkaline phosphatase biomarkers in the context of time-to-Prostate cancer tumor shrinkage. This underscores the interconnected dynamics of these key indicators in gauging disease progression.
Conclusions: The analysis of the prostate cancer dataset, incorporating a joint evaluation of mixed longitudinal prostate-specific antigen and alkaline phosphatase biomarkers alongside tumor status, has provided valuable insights into disease progression. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed joint model, as evidenced by accurate estimates. The shared variables associated with both longitudinal biomarkers and event times consistently deviate from zero, highlighting the robustness and reliability of the model in capturing the complex dynamics of prostate cancer progression. This approach holds promise for enhancing our understanding and predictive capabilities in the clinical assessment of prostate cancer.
Not all dolmens are oriented to the Sun. Or are they? Use of astronomical models help overturn dominant cultural-astronomy hypotheses in Iberia
Authors: Higginbottom Gail , García A. César González , Boado Felipe Criado 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

This paper challenges the notion that each Neolithic dolmen targets either a single astronomical body at a specific time of year or perhaps two, one in each direction of the monument alignment. By applying Silva and Pimenta’s 2012 statistical models of lunar cycles connected to the Sun through time to our Galician orientation data, we produced more astronomically correct and complete information about the most likely targets of these Galician dolmens. Silva and Pimenta’s work included chronological distributions of particular events for the solar year related to latitude, allowing us to consider astronomical bodies correlated with the time of year and place. Ultimately, we now more fully understand the integrated complexity of the previously simplified perception of dolmens concerning their connection to astronomical phenomena. Principally, it now seems that not only do multiple working targets more readily fit the data, but so, too, do several times throughout the year. Further, dolmen axes are oriented in both directions. These findings led us to conclude that the Neolithic people chose to highlight particular seasonal ranges through the orientations of their tombs. So the Sun, whilst remaining relevant to dolmen architectural design, is no longer considered a solitary target. This paper also explains why.
Long-term prognosis of patients with pT1-2 colorectal cancer unaffected by lymph node metastasis
Authors: Song Bolun , Wang Liming , Chen Yinggang , Hirano Yasumitsu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background/Aim: Our goal was to investigate patients with pT1-2 colorectal cancer (CRC) in terms of lymph node metastasis (LNM) and its clinical implications, perhaps questioning the staging of such tumors.
Patients and Methods: This retrospective cohort study took place at a high-volume cancer center in Japan. We stratified patients with pT1-2 CRC (n=1288) by presence (LNM+) or absence (LNM-) of LNM, assessing overall (OS), cancer-specific (CSS), and relapse-free (RFS) survival rates in both groups before and after propensity score matching (PSM). COX multivariate analysis served for screening of prognostic risk factors.
Results: Lymph node metastasis was ultimately confirmed in 256 study subjects (19.9%). Before matching, tumors of the LNM+ (vs LNM-) group were more inclined to be fairly large (≥2 cm: 76.6% vs 61.2%; p<0.001), with greater propensity for infiltrating or ulcerative features (55.1% vs 36.2%; p<0.001) and histotypes of lesser differentiation (Mod/Poor/Sig/Muc: 65.6% vs 45.8%; p<0.001). Likewise, they showed greater tendency for aggressive growth (91.1% vs 81.1%; p<001), lymphatic (44.5% vs 19.4%; p<0.001) or vascular (59% vs 35.1%; p<0.001) invasion, and prolific lymph node harvesting (23.6±12.2 vs 21.7±12.3; p=0.025). Although similar in terms of OS (LNM-, 94.2%; LNM+, 91.8%; p=0.339), the LNM- (vs LNM+) group displayed significantly better CSS (99.5% vs 96.9%; p<0.001) and RFS (97.2% vs 89.5%; p<0.001).
After matching, RFS still proved significantly better in the LNM- (vs LNM+) group (95.9% vs 89.8%; p=0.016), with multivariate analysis identifying LNM+ as an independent risk factor for RFS before and after PSM. A higher recurrence rate was also evident in the LNM+ (vs LNM-) group (before matching: 10.5% vs 2.8%, [p<0.001]; after matching: 10.2% vs 4.1% [p=0.008]), involving liver and lymph nodes primarily. Neither OS nor CSS differed significantly by group.
Conclusion: In patients with pT1-2N+ CRC, we found greater risk of hepatic or nodal recurrence, compared with node-negative counterparts. However, long-term survival was unaffected. Appropriate downstaging of pT1-2N+ CRC from stage IIIA is therefore a reasonable prospect.
A rare variation of the infraorbital nerve, entrapping the infraorbital artery
Authors: Stoyanov Stoyanov D. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Anatomical variations are a common feature of the human anatomy. Variation can explain some pathological conditions and is important to keep them in mind during surgical procedures. The relations between nerves and their adjacent arteries have been proposed to play a role in the generation of peripheral trigger migraines. Close opposition between nerves and arteries can lead to vascular compression on the nerve that triggers episodes of pain. We did a routine dissection of the infratemporal fossa and orbital floor by opening the maxillary sinuous. Here we report a case where the infraorbital nerves form a nervous loop entrapping the infraorbital artery in the infraorbital channel. Similar cases of close nervous and arterial apposition are described for the auriculotemporal, and occipital nerves. We think that accumulating knowledge of these rare variations could expand our understanding of rare conditions such as primary infraorbital neuralgia.
Development and Clinical Validation of Global Tau Severity Score in Young- and Late- Onset Alzheimer's Disease Using Florzolotau (18F) PET
Authors: Liu Mu-N , Huang Chi-Wei , Huang Shu-Hua , Chang Hsin-I , Hsu Shih-Wei , Lin Kun-Ju , Ho Tsung-Ying , Huang Kuo-Lun , Cheng Chih-Ming , Chang Chiung-Chih 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Tau-specific positron emission tomography (tau-PET) holds promise in distinguishing Alzheimer's disease (AD) and elucidating the spatial distribution of tau deposition. In particular, the phenotypic differences between the young-onset AD [YOAD] and late-onset AD [LOAD] likely arise from the distinct biological properties of tau proteins to their downstream pathways. This study aimed to establish a global tau severity (gTS) scale based on Florzolotau (18F) PET, a highly specific second-generation tau tracer for diagnosing AD, for standardizing tau burden quantification.
Methods
A total of 186 participants were enrolled and divided into a pilot group (15 cognitive unimpaired controls [CTLs] and 15 AD patients) and a validation group (27 CTLs, 67 patients with YOAD, and 62 patients with LOAD). The pilot group results were utilized to create an AD-specific tau mask and determine the optimal Florzolotau (18F) reference region based on effect size. In the validation group, cutoffs for diagnosing YOAD and LOAD using the gTS score were calculated. Regression models were used to assess the impact of amyloid centiloid, gTS score, and hippocampal volume on cognitive outcomes.
Results
The white matter region was determined to be the most suitable reference for Florzolotau (18F). The gTS cutoff values of 24.1 for both AD and YOAD and 34.1 for LOAD demonstrated highest diagnostic accuracy, as indicated by the area under the curve. The gTS scores significantly predicted total scores and subdomains on cognitive ability screening instruments. Cognitive-gTS curve features were found to have quadratic and linear relationships with YOAD and LOAD, respectively, illustrating the direct effect of tau pathology on cognition.
Conclusions
The gTS score, derived from Florzolotau (18F) PET scans, provides a robust method for assessing global tau burden. The scale reveals different cognition–tau relationships in YOAD and LOAD, indicating distinct pathological property of tau on disease progression.
Neutrophil Elastase Inhibitor (Sivelestat) in the Treatment of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Induced by COVID- 19: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Li Yuting , Zhao Jianjun , Wei Jiahui , Zhang Yanhong , Zhang Haitao , Li Ying , Liao Ting , Hu Yang , Yuan Bo , Zhang Xinmei , Liu Wanyan , Liu Changgang , Cui Qingsong , Wu Shunzi , Jiang Hongmei , Liu Wenge , Liu Weiheng , Xu Hongguang , Li Gang , Cai Yuyan , Chen Liting , Chen Bingwei , Zhang Dong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Recent studies suggest that neutrophil elastase inhibitor (Sivelestat) may improve pulmonary function and reduce mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. We examined the association between receipt of sivelestat and improvement in oxygenation among patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) induced by COVID-19.
Methods
A large multicentre cohort study of patients with ARDS induced by COVID-19 who had been admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). We used propensity score matching to compare the outcomes of patients treated with sivelestat to those who were not. The differences in continuous outcomes were assessed with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Kaplan-Meier method was used to show the 28-day survival curves in the matched cohorts. A log-rank P-test stratified on the matched pairs was used to test the equality of the estimated survival curves. A Cox proportional hazards model that incorporated a robust sandwich-type variance estimator to account for the matched nature of the data was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR). All statistical analyses were performed with SPSS 26.0 and R 4.2.3. A two-sided p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results
A total of 387 patients met inclusion criteria, including 259 patients (66.9%) who were treated with sivelestat. In 158 patients matched on the propensity for treatment, receipt of sivelestat was associated with improved oxygenation, decreased Murray lung injury score, increased non-mechanical ventilation time within 28 days, increased alive and ICU-free days within 28 days (HR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.29 to 2.64; log-rank p < 0.001), shortened ICU stay and ultimately improved survival (HR, 2.78; 95% CI, 1.32 to 5.88; log-rank p = 0.0074).
Conclusions
Among patients with ARDS induce by COVID-19, sivelestat administration is associated with improved clinical outcomes.
Monocytic fibrocyte-like cell enrichment and myofibroblastic adaptation causes nucleus pulposus fibrosis and associates with disc degeneration severity
Authors: Leung Victor , Sun Yi , Peng Yan , Su Ze-zhuo , So Kyle , Lu Qiu-ji , Lyu Mao-jiang , Zuo Jian-wei , Huang Yong-Can , Guan Zhi-ping , Cheung Kenneth , Zheng zhaomin , Zhang Xin-tao 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Fibrotic remodeling of nucleus pulposus (NP) leads to structural and mechanical anomalies of intervertebral discs that prone to degeneration, leading to low back pain incidence and disability. Emergence of fibroblastic cells in disc degeneration has been reported, yet their nature and origin remain elusive. In this study, we performed an integrative analysis of multiple single-cell RNA sequencing datasets to interrogate the cellular heterogeneity and fibroblast-like entities in degenerative human NP specimens. We found that disc degeneration severity is associated with an enrichment of fibrocyte-like phenotype, characterized by CD45 and collagen I dual positivity, and expression of myofibroblast marker α-smooth muscle actin. Refined clustering and classification distinguished the fibrocyte-like populations as subtypes in the NP cells - and immunocytes-clusters, expressing disc degeneration markers HTRA1 and ANGPTL4 and genes related to response to TGF-β. In injury-induced mouse disc degeneration model, fibrocyte-like cells were found recruited into the NP undergoing fibrosis and adopted a myofibroblast phenotype. Depleting the fibrocyte-like cells in CD11b-DTR mice in which monocytic lineages were ablated by diphtheria toxin could markedly attenuate fibrous modeling and myofibroblast formation in the NP of the degenerative discs, and prevent disc height loss and histomorphological abnormalities. Marker analysis supports that disc degeneration progression is dependent on a function of CD45+COL1A1+ and αSMA+ cells. Our findings reveal that fibrocyte-like cells play a pivotal role in NP fibrosis and may therefore be a target for modifying disc degeneration and promoting its repair.
A Comprehensive Survey of ArtificialIntelligence in Precision Healthcare:Shedding Light on Interpretability
Authors: MK Nagashruthi , KS Hemanth , Buhari Seyed M 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Trust levels of the popularity of deep learning models is enhanced throughXAI, which provides explanations and interpretations on the decisionsmade and also in making more interpretable decisions and explainableoutcomes. Recently, there has been a surge of interest in developingXAI models in medical fields such as oncology, ophthalmology pedi-atrics and orthopedics. In particular XAI is also advancing rapidly inpredicting psychological health conditions such as depression, stress, anxiety, ADHD, schizophrenia, neuropsychiatric problems and many others.The primary objective of this article is to review the recent findingsof the XAI models that are used for explanations for different diseaseswhich uses deep learning models with various forms of data. Finally,the focus is made on few issues and possibilities in medicine XAI.
Vascular segment bifurcation detection and key point calculation based on CT radiomics
Authors: Chang Huimin , Diao Zhendu , Wang Zixuan , Qi Quan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Hepatic vascular neoplasms often occur at the bifurcation of hepatic blood vessels, making them vulnerable to ruptures and bleeding, which can be life-threatening. Therefore, accurately detecting and localizing hepatic vascular bifurcation is crucial for diagnosing hepatic vascular tumors and planning surgeries. However, existing research methods have limited sensitivity to noise and vascular deformations. To address this issue, we propose a classification algorithm based on radiomic feature extraction and machine learning (ML) techniques. We begin by segmenting and processing the original hepatic vascular CT images using Gaussian filtering to remove small connected regions. This process generates vessel mask images through alignment. Next, these images are annotated, and 1042 features are extracted through radiomic feature extraction. To simplify the model, we employ Lasso regression for feature selection, resulting in the identification of 82 optimal features. We then establish and experimentally validate a machine learning classification model. Our experimental results demonstrate that the SVM classification model performs the best, achieving a validation accuracy of 0.932, precision of 0.900, recall of 0.936, F1-score of 0.915, and AUC value of 0.987. Additionally, we compute the key points of vessel segments using both the projection method and the direct thinning method. Experimental comparisons reveal that the direct thinning method yields more accurate results.In conclusion, our proposed classification algorithm, utilizing radiomic feature extraction and machine learning techniques, is crucial for rapidly and accurately detecting hepatic vascular bifurcation. These findings have significant implications for improving the diagnosis and treatment of hepatic vascular tumors.
Automated pupillometry to detect residual consciousness in acute brain injury
Authors: Othman Marwan H. , Olsen Markus H. , Hansen Karen Irgens Tanderup , Amiri Moshgan , Jensen Helene Ravnholdt , Nyholm Benjamin , Møller Kirsten , Kjaergaard Jesper , Kondziella Daniel 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background.
Identifying residual consciousness in patients with disorders of consciousness (DoC) in the intensive care unit (ICU) is crucial for treatment decisions, but sensitive low-cost bedside markers are missing. We investigated whether automated pupillometry combined with passive and active cognitive paradigms can identify residual consciousness in ICU patients with traumatic or non-traumatic DoC.
Methods.
In a prospective observational cohort study, clinically low- or unresponsive ICU patients with traumatic and non-traumatic DoC were enrolled from neurological and non-neurological ICUs at a tertiary referral center (Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark). Age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers served as controls. Participants with eye disorders were excluded. Patients were categorized into those without (coma or unresponsive wakefulness syndrome, ≤UWS) or with (minimally conscious state or better, ≥MCS) clinical signs of residual consciousness. Using automated pupillometry, we recorded pupillary dilation as a response to passive (visual and auditory stimuli) and active (mental arithmetic) cognitive paradigms, with success criteria depending on the specific task (e.g., ≥ 3 of 5 pupillary dilations on 5 consecutive mental arithmetic tasks).
Results.
We obtained 699 pupillometry recordings at 178 time points from 91 brain-injured ICU patients (mean age 60±13.8 years; 31% women; 49.5% non-traumatic brain injuries). Recordings were also obtained from 26 matched controls (59±14.8 years, 38% women). Passive paradigms yielded limited distinctions between patient groups and controls. However, active paradigms involving mental arithmetic enabled discrimination between different states of consciousness. With mental arithmetic of moderate complexity, ≥ 3 pupillary dilations were seen in 50.0% ≥MCS patients and 17.8% ≤UWS patients (OR 4.56; 95% CI 2.09–10.10, p < 0.001). In comparison, 76.9% healthy controls responded with ≥ 3 pupillary dilations (p = 0.028). Results remained consistent across sensitivity analyses using different thresholds for success. Spearman's Rank analysis underscored the robust association between pupillary dilations during mental arithmetic and consciousness levels (rho = 1, p = 0.017). Notably, one behaviorally unresponsive patient demonstrated persistent command-following behavior two weeks before overt signs of awareness, suggesting a state of prolonged CMD.
Conclusions.
Automated pupillometry combined with mental arithmetic can identify cognitive efforts, and hence residual consciousness, in ICU patients with acute DoC.
Evidence of hybridization between the Blue-winged Teal (Spatula discors) and Red Shoveler (Spatula platalea)Evidencia de hibridización entre pato medialuna Spatula discors y pato cuchara Spatula platalea
Authors: Cabrera Carlos , Zarco Agustín 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The Blue-winged Teal ( Spatula discors ) is a species that reproduces in North America and migrates to South America during the boreal winter. Although instances of hybridization with other duck species have been observed in the wild, this has never occurred with an endemic species from the southern cone. We detected a male individual of this species that remained at its wintering site for over a year and recorded hybridization with a South American species: the Red Shoveler ( Spatula platalea ).