bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indications for solitary pancreas transplantation
Authors: Stratta Robert J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
After a decade of controversy surrounding the therapeutic validity of pancreas transplantation (PTX), the procedure has become accepted as the preferred treatment for patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and advanced diabetic nephropathy. Vascularized PTX is currently the only available form of autoregulating total endocrine replacement therapy that reliably achieves an insulin-independent euglycaemic state and normal glucose homeostasis resulting in the successful management of diabetes mellitus. Whether PTX represents a treatment or cure for IDDM is debatable. The trade-offs for normal glucose homeostasis are the operative risks of the transplant procedure and the need for chronic immunosuppression. Free islet grafts have the same potential but do not approach PTX in terms of consistency of results.
Pancreas transplantation with portal-enteric drainage
Authors: Stratta Robert J , Shokouh-Amiri M Hosein , Grewal Hani P , Gaber A Osama 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Vascularized pancreas transplantation (PTX) was first developed as a means to re-establish endogenous insulin secretion responsive to normal feedback controls. From 1966 through to July 2000, over 14 000 PTXs were performed worldwide and reported to the International Pancreas Transplant Registry (IPTR) [1]. According to IPTR data, most PTXs are performed with systemic venous delivery of insulin and either bladder or enteric [systemic-bladder (S-B) or systemic-enteric (S-E)] drainage of the exocrine secretions [2]. From 1988 through 1995, more than 90 per cent of PTX procedures were performed by the standard technique of S-B drainage using a duodenal segment conduit. Although well tolerated in most PTX recipients, S-B drainage was associated with a finite and troublesome rate of unique metabolic and urological complications resulting from altered physiology. When these complications became persistent or refractory, conversion from bladder to enteric drainage (enteric conversion) was often necessary and successful [3].
Diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic rejection
Authors: Koffron Alan J , Kaufman Dixon B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Pancreatic transplantation is intended to re-establish euglycaemia without exogenous insulin supplementation. Pancreatic transplantation is the only treatment for type I diabetes that normalizes haemoglobin A1c levels for as long as the graft functions [1]. Through improved metabolic control, the course of many secondary complications of diabetes including diabetic neuropathy [2], the incidence of autonomic neuropathy-associated sudden death [3], and onset of diabetic nephropathy in both nonuraemic patients [4] and those diabetics having undergone renal transplantation [5] may be markedly improved. The most important threat to loss of a functioning pancreas allograft is acute rejection.
Pancreas transplantation: effects on secondary complications of diabetes mellitus
Authors: Robertson R Paul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The secondary complications of diabetes mellitus are usually categorized as acute or chronic. Acute complications include hyperglycaemia and ketoacidosis as well as hypoglycaemia caused by exogenous insulin treatment. Chronic complications include the subcategories of microvascular and macrovascular disease. Microvascular diseases can lead to retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. Macrovascular disease can lead to accelerated atherosclerosis, which, in turn, leads to an increased incidence of myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral gangrene. Additional complications include various skin lesions (diabetic dermopathy, necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum, candidiasis), and skin ulcers. Bones and joints can be affected by diabetic arthropathy, Dupuytren’s contractures, and Charcot joint. More unusual infections include necrotizing fasciitis, necrotizing myositis, and Mucor meningitis. This chapter will focus on the impact of successful pancreas transplantation on the more common secondary complications of diabetes mellitus.
Immunosuppression and diabetogenicity
Authors: Jindal Rahul M , Revanur V K , Alan G Jardine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) has emerged as a major side-effect of immunosuppresants [1–3] and, as recipients of organ transplants survive longer, the secondary complications of DM have assumed greater importance. Thus, the findings of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) in patients with IDDM, that tight control of glucose levels significantly reduced the risk of diabetes related complications, may have implications for transplant recipients. In the DCCT, a 2 per cent difference in average haemoglobin A (HbA1c) between standard and intensive treatment groups was associated with a 60 per cent reduction in risk for diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. Furthermore, there was a continuing reduction in the risk of complications when the HbA1c was reduced below 8 per cent [4,5]. Although there are no similar studies in recipients of organ transplants who develop PTDM and the natural history of PTDM is not well defined,
1803–1805
Authors: Gill Stephen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The third is Dorothy’s account to Catherine Clarkson of her walk back to Grasmere after a visit to Eusemere in June 1803: ‘the whole vale of Brothers Water …indeed it seemed as beautiful a place as there need be in a beautiful world. I met William at the top of the Hill above our own house, he was on the look-out for me. Mary was at home Dear Creature! She was overjoyed to see me.’2 The fourth is Dorothy again, now Aunt Dorothy, rhapsodizing over the baby, John, born 18 June 1803: ‘He has blue eyes, a fair complexion … a body as fat as a little pig, arms that are thickening and dimpling and bracelets at his wrists, a very prominent nose, which will be like his Father’s, and a head shaped upon the very same model. I send you a lock of his hair sewed to this letter.’
The Future of Christianity
Authors: McManners John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There is arrogance and folly in adding this epilogue, and many Christians would say that taking thought for the morrow bespeaks a lack of faith. That thought should not disconcert the followers of one who, it is said, was born into the makeshift improvisations of people coping with an emergency. Christian life is by mture reactive. This does not mean it is adrift. Its mandate stands; but it obeys only by responding to eventualities.
Motor neuron disease
Authors: Bannister Sir Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is one of the commonest purely neurological disorders, after multiple sclerosis. Except that in a very small proportion of cases it may be hereditary, the cause of motor neuron disease is entirely unknown. There are, however, certain facts which any theory must explain. Syndromes resembling motor neuron disease may occasionally occur in a number of other situations.
Setting the Scene at CERN
Authors: Gillies Jamaes , Cailliau Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In a Europe still licking its wounds in the aftermath of the Second World War, one man had a vision to create a world-leading scientific research laboratory. His name was Louis de Broglie, a French aristocrat and one of the last of a dying breed of gentleman scientists. De Broglie belonged to a golden era of scientific discovery that straddled the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1929 for his contribution to the revolution that threw out the comfortable mechanistic world ushered in by Newton two centuries before and replaced it with an unpredictable and ghostly quantum wonderland where an ability to believe seven impossible things before breakfast was an essential prerequisite for success. As one of de Broglie’s contemporaries, the Danish physicist Niels Bohr, once famously quipped, ’Anyone who is not shocked by quantum theory has not understood it.’ Nevertheless, despite its improbability, the physics of quantum mechanics has survived the test of time and lies behind a whole host of modern devices.
Conclusion: The Music of Division
Authors: Briggs Julia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Sir Walter Raleigh ‘s epigram on life as theatre combines grace ful accomplishment (Castiglione ‘s sprezzatura or grazia) with a sense that, in life ‘s comedy, it is the actors who are deceived by the play: as in The Spanish Tragedy or Women Beware Women, they are the ones who will ‘die in earnest ‘. The tone is at once wry and amused, yet also saddened at life ‘s brevity, its known and predetermined boundaries. Such metaphors were suffi ciently common, both on- and off-stage to constitute something of a cliche. In a stoic passage from the Preface to his History of the World, Raleigh refers to God not as ‘the judicious sharp spec tator ‘ of a short comedy, but rather as ‘the author of all our tragedies ‘, who ‘hath written out for us, and appointed us all the parts we are to play ... Certainly there is no other account to be made of this ridiculous world than to resolve that the change of fortune on the great theatre is but as the change of garments on the less. ‘
Mahler in Vienna (XVIII)-Das Rheingold Mahler and Viennese Society Premiere of the Kindertotenlieder Meeting with Webern-End of the Vereinigung The Fifth in Dresden, Berlin, Prague, and Hamburg (January-March 1905)
Authors: Louis De La Grange Henry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Believe me! I can understand and forgive the anger I provoke far more easily than my enemies can tolerate my equanimity! WITH their production of Tristan Mahler and Roller had ushered in a new era in the presentation of Wagner operas. They now turned to the Ring, the stage settings for which had remained unchanged since the first Vienna production (1877-9). The initial plan was to restage the four operas in close succession: Das Rheingold in January 1905, Die Walkilre in April, Siegfried in the autumn, and Gotterdiimmerung early the following year. The estimates for Die Walkilre had even been approved by the Intendant. Mahler stressed that the four new productions should he completed in a short space of time, ‘since once Das Rheingold has been restaged, complete performances of the cycle would no longer he possible until the other Ring dramas have also been restaged’.
Mahler in Vienna (XIX)-Pfitzner in ViennaDie Rose vom Liebesgarten-The Strasbourg Festival (March-May 1905)
Authors: Louis De La Grange Henry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When a tempo seems wrong to you, just prod me in the back and put me right. Don’t worry about me losing face in front of the orchestra. After all, you know it better than I-you composed it. During the long weeks of preparation for the first Viennese performance of Pfitzner’s opera Die Rose vom Liebesgarten, two one-act comic operas, both based upon rococo librettos, were premiered at the Hofoper by Mahler. The first, Das war ich, was composed by Leo Blech, whom Mahler a few years earlier had considered engaging as a conductor at the Hofoper because he had given up hope of persuading Bruno Walter to take on the job. The second was a ‘musical conversation’ entitled Die Abreise by Eugen d’Albert, whose Tragadalbas Mahler had earlier refused. D’Albert had proposed the little work to him in 1902, and Mahler had no doubt searched for another one-act opera which could successfully share the bill with Die Abreise and it was only in 1904 that he had found it in Blech’s Das war ich. When the two operas were first performed on 28 February 1905, Das war ich was greeted with catcalls by the audience and condemned by the critics. Blech was reproached for his ‘surfeit of polyphony’ and ‘symphonic megalomania’(Korngold), the’colourless’themes (Wallaschek), his’pretentious style’ (Schonaich), his’contrived humour’and ‘lack of inventiveness’(Graf).
Mahler in Vienna (XXI)-The Mozart Year-Cos’i fan tutte and Don Giovanni Die Entfuhrung and Figaro-The 1Uagic Flute Antwerp and Amsterdam Concerts Mahler as Administrator, Stage Director, and Conductor (December 1905-April 1906)
Authors: Louis De La Grange Henry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Others take care of themselves and destroy the Opera. I take care of the Opera and destroy myself. THE Mozart Year, 1906, began five weeks ahead of the calendar at the Hofoper. On 24 November 1905, after a three-year absence, Cosi fan tutte reappeared in the Spielplan with a production which was largely, though not entirely new. Mahler had planned to commission Roller to design new sets for all of Mozart’s great operas. But, as seen above, the funds made available to him were insufficient, and for Casí, Die Entfilhrung, and The Magic Flute he had to refurbish the existing sets. The only productions he was able to renew from scratch were Don Giovanni and The Marriage of Figaro. Mahler’s first problem was the German text, at a time when the performance of Mozart’s Italian operas in the original language was out of the question in Vienna.
Mahler in Vienna (XXIII)-Caruso i:p Vienna- Le Juif polonais-The Barber of Seville-The Taming of the Shrew-The Sixth in Berlin, Munich, and Vienna-The Third in Breslau and Graz (September 1906-January 1907)
Authors: Louis De La Grange Henry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
My 6th seems to be another hard nut which the critics will be unable to get their puny teeth into. THERE is a passage in Alma’s Erinnerungen which describes a quite unusual event in Mahler’s life: One evening, Mahler and I attended a performance of The Merry Widow, and enjoyed it very much. Afterwards, at home, we danced and so to speak reconstructed Lehar’s waltzes from memory. Then something funny happened. We couldn’t remember how the tune went at one particular point, try how we might. In those days we were both too snobbish to consider buying a copy of the waltz. So the two of us went to Doblinger’s music shop. Mahler engaged the manager in a discussion about the sale of his works, while I leafed apparently aimlessly through the numerous piano selections and potpourris of The Merry Widow until I came to the waltz and the bars I was looking for. I then went up to Mahler, he quickly took his leave, and once we were out in the street I sang him the passage so as not to forget it again.
Roller and the ballet-Journey to Rome Final opera productions Mahler’s departure from the Opera-Putzi’s deathDiagnosis of heart ailment (March-August 1907)
Authors: Louis De La Grange Henry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In ten years at the Vienna Opera, I have come full circle MAHLER’S dislike for ballet was an open secret at the Vienna Opera. When asked about it in private, he usually replied that he considered it impossible to reform such a purely decorative art form. It was probably a project for a ballet submitted to him in 1901 by Hofmannsthal and Zemlinsky which prompted him at that time to define his views on this subject to Natalie and Lipiner. Lipiner thought that a revival of the art of dancing was possible, provided that the element of mime predominated and that the music was ‘nobler and more meaningful’. ‘Nothing can be done for it in its present form,’ Mahler replied. ‘All one’s efforts would be in vain!’ To explain what he meant he described the terrifying stories he had once found himself inventing for a boy suffering from scarlet fever.
Approaching the Variation Sketches
Authors: Marston Nicholas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The sketches for the first two movements of Op. 109 reinforce a commonly held perception of Beethoven’s compositional process as one during which initially inchoate or vague musical ideas become transformed into something approximating the work in its definitive public form. That the sketches document only a part—perhaps a very small part—of the total process of composition should no longer need any emphasis; even Nottebohm, whose writings on the sketches probably did more than any others to propagate the view being discussed here, was insistent that the sketches ‘reveal to us not the entire creative process, but only single isolated incidents from it. What we term the organic development of a work of art is far removed from the sketches.”1
Introduction
Authors: Bachmann Marie-Laure 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By way of preamble to my presentation of the work and thought of Emile Jaques-Dalcroze in the following pages—my aim being to draw out every possible implication for the present day—I invite the reader to eavesdrop on an imaginary conversation between the creator of Eurhythmics and two personalities of our own time: Jean Piaget and Alvin Toffler. Perhaps—who knows—some such conversation actually has been held in ‘some quite different and neglected piece of space’ …
Genres
Authors: Sarris Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Jazz Singer premiered at Warners’ Strand in New York City on October 23, 1927, a date enshrined in film history, with all the dread decisiveness of Waterloo, Sarajevo, and Pearl Harbor. On this date the death knell of the “silent” movie was sounded, and the “talkies” were born. It became a stock scene in movies on Hollywood history (vide Singin’ in the Rain) (1952): “Warners is trying a new experiment with Al Jolson in The Jazz Singer. It’ll never catch on.” Then, a few days or a few weeks or a few months later, panic sweeps across the prairies, a panic emblazoned in Variety headlines. Jolson and The jazz Singer are to the silent mimes in 1927 what Black Tuesday was to be to the financiers of the Jazz Age in 1929.
The Di rectors
Authors: Sarris Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Dw. Griffith had long been a living monument when he died in relative obscurity July 23, 1948, in the Hollywood Knickerbocker Hotel. He had not directed a film since The Struggle in 1931, and his brave front had collapsed in the face of industry indifference. Had he lived, he would have celebrated his hundredth birthday on January 23, 1975. On that day, to commemorate the D. W. Griffith Centennial the Museum of Modern Art in New York City launched a massive retrospective of his works in a two-part cycle. Part One focused on one hundred of the five hundred films Griffith turned out between 1908 and 1913 at the Biograph Studios, located in that period at 11 East 14th Street on the island of Manhattan. Griffith’s predilection for the realism of location shooting provided the historically and nostalgically minded with many glimpses of New York City as it looked before World War I. Part Two exhumed rather than revived the feature-length movies directed by Griffith from 1914 to 1931.
Radiological Diagnosis in Neurosurgery
Authors: Black Peter McLaren , Rossitch Eugene 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Some of the most significant advances relevant to neurosurgery in recent years have come from neuroradiology. Diagnoses of many diseases that were difficult years ago are now easily and accurately made with modern imaging techniques. In this chapter we will dis¬cuss the most common neuroradiologic studies available, as well as when they are most indicated.
Trauma to the Head, Spine, and Peripheral Nerves
Authors: Black Peter McLaren , Rossitch Eugene 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The classification and triage of head injuries were discussed in Chapter 1. To briefly review, head injuries can be classified as mild, moderate, or severe according to the patient’s symptoms. In mild head injury, the patient has a history of trauma but feels well except for such symptoms as headache, mild amnesia, or dizziness. Such a patient may be sent home with a “head sheet” if there is no focal neurological abnormality; when in doubt, a CT scan should be ob¬tained.
Tumors of the Brain, Spine, and Peripheral Nerves
Authors: Black Peter McLaren , Rossitch Eugene 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Brain tumors can be classified by histology as benign (meningiomas, vestibular schwannomas (acoustic neuromas), pituitary adenomas, craniopharyngiomas) or malignant (gliomas, astrocytomas, anaplas¬tic astrocytomas, glioblastomas, oligodendrogliomas, ependymo¬mas, metastatic tumors, medulloblastomas). Histologically, benign brain tumors may not be curable, however, because of their loca¬tion; and some apparently malignant tumors like medulloblastoma have a significant survival rate. This chapter will deal with tumors by histological type.
Pearl Harbor: Fears and Nightmares
Authors: Tuttle William M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Sunday, December 7, 1941, began as it usually did for eleven-year old Jackie Smith: with church. Standing in front of her family’s quarters at the Pearl Harbor naval base, she was waiting to walk with her family to the base chapel. Jackie noticed airplanes flying overhead, but airplanes were nothing unusual around the Army and Navy installations on Oahu. She thought she was witnessing a simulated dogfight between American airplanes, but then “all of a sudden flames were shooting up,” and it “looked like the whole island was on fire.” Her father ran inside to telephone the base, but the operator told him to get off the line because Pearl Harbor was under attack. By then, airplanes were flying at treetop level; Jackie could see the rising sun insignia on the wings. The family dashed inside and hid under tables. Jackie ran upstairs with her father to grab the mattresses off the beds to provide other hiding places from the bombs and machine-gun bullets. Through the second-story window, she saw not only the airplanes but even the faces of the pilots. “I could almost touch them, it seemed.”
Children’s Entertainment: Radio, Movies, Comics
Authors: Tuttle William M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Mom, What was on the radio before the war started?” one of the homefront girls asked-and hers was not an isolated question. Children’s wartime radio adventure programs were integral to their homefront experiences. So too were their comic books and music, as well as movies, cartoons, and serials, all of which had a memorable impact on these boys and girls. Radio was an important source of their war news, and they came face-to-face with war’s horrors in the newsreels and on the pages of Life magazine. The homefront children have reported that popular culture amplified the impact of the war, causing them to be both thrilled and terrified during the years from 1941 to 1945.
The Fractured Homefront: Racial and Cultural Hostility
Authors: Tuttle William M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There Was a central contradiction on the American homefront during the Second World War: Amidst enthusiastic national unity there existed deep racial, ethnic, and cultural animosities that occasionally exploded into violence. Although historians have recognized this contradiction in studies of the 1943 race riots and of the government’s internment of 112,704Japanese Americans, they have barely scratched the surface in exposing the fractures that rent the home front. Buried have been countless stories of the hostility suffered by children because of their race, ethnic heritage, and religious beliefs. Suffering most were America’s children of color, but also affected were its Jewish-American children, children of German and Italian descent, Mexican-American children, and children of religious pacifists and nonconformists.
From Worlds to Situations
Authors: Perry John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this paper, I argue that it is reasonable and useful for one who has adopted a certain conception of possible-worlds theory to extend that theory until it becomes a version of situation theory. The conception of possible worlds I have in mind is that developed by Robert Stalnaker (1984). I shall first explain what I take the Stalnakerian conception to be, and then list a number of additions that seem to be in the spirit of this conception, to make it more useful, and to have the cumulative effect of making it into a version of the theory of situations. Basically, possible worlds are seen as a special case of situations, so none of the power of possible-worlds semantics should be lost, while the flexibility of situation semantics will be gained.