bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomarker in der Brustschmerz-Ambulanz (BSA)
Authors: Klingenheben Thomas , Bosch Ralph 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Abklärung des akuten Brustschmerzes ist eine häufige Aufgabenstellung in Notaufnahmen und im ärztlichen Notdienst, nicht selten auch in der Haus- oder Facharztpraxis. Der
Risikostratifikation des akuten Brustschmerzes kommt eine vitale Bedeutung zu, damit Patienten mit hochwahrscheinlicher Diagnose eines akuten kardiovaskulären Ereignisses zeitnah einer
fachärztlichen Sofortdiagnostik und -therapie zugeführt werden können. Andererseits sollten unnötige Krankenhausaufnahmen vermieden werden, sofern ein Brustschmerz eindeutig als nicht
kardial identifiziert werden kann. Deshalb wurden in den vergangenen Jahren zertifizierte Brustschmerz-Ambulanzen (BSA) etabliert. Neben weiteren Voraussetzungen stellt die jederzeitige
Verfügbarkeit der Bestimmung kardialer Biomarker einen obligaten Eckpfeiler der Abklärung in der BSA dar. Neben einem Standard-12-Kanal-EKG erfolgt bei jedem BSA-Patienten die Bestimmung von
Troponin und D-Dimeren sowie ggf. NT-pro BNP. Zusätzlich präzisiert die Anwendung klinischer Scores die Risikostratifikation von Brustschmerzpatienten. Besonders der HEART-Score bietet die
Möglichkeit, eine Risikoabschätzung nach objektiven Kriterien vorzunehmen.
RCU: Respiratory Care Unit
Authors: Keymel Stefanie , Kelm Malte , Krüger Stefan 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungDas Leitsymptom pneumologischer Erkrankungen in der Akut- und Notfallmedizin ist die akute Luftnot. Patienten, die sich mit Luftnot in der Notfallaufnahme vorstellen, haben im Vergleich zu
Patienten mit dem Leitsymptom Brustschmerz oder Bauchschmerz eine höhere Rate an Aufnahmen auf die Intensivstation und eine höhere Letalität. Für die optimale Patientenversorgung scheint es
sinnvoll, Patienten mit akuter Luftnot in einer hierfür spezialisierten Versorgungeinheit, einer Respiratory Care Unit (RCU), analog zu einer Chest Pain Unit zu behandeln. Für die
Etablierung einer RCU sind bestimmte inhaltliche und strukturelle Voraussetzungen definiert worden, die in diesem Artikel dargestellt werden.
Determining the Best Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System: A Prospective Study Comparing the Diagnostic Performance of ACR, EU, and K TIRADS in the Evaluation of Thyroid Nodules
Authors: Mohan Supraja Laguduva , Govindarajalou Ramkumar , Naik Dukhabandhu , Saxena Sunil Kumar , Toi Pampa Ch. , V. Gomathi Shankar 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background Many different risk stratification systems have been formulated for thyroid nodules, differing in their fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) indication, suggesting a lack of consensus around the world.
Purpose This prospective study was conducted to find the best guideline for risk stratification, for a better malignancy yield, and with reduced rates of negative FNACs among three Thyroid Imaging, Reporting, and Data System (TIRADS) guidelines.
Materials and Methods A total of 625 thyroid nodules with conclusive FNAC or histopathological diagnosis were included in the study. Various sonographic parameters were recorded. They were classified into categories as per the three guidelines and compared with FNAC diagnosis. The guidelines were evaluated in terms of sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and diagnostic accuracy. Sensitivity and specificity were compared by McNemar's test.
Results American College of Radiology (ACR) TIRADS had the highest diagnostic accuracy (56.8%), specificity (50.75%), positive predictive value (23.92%), lowest rates of negative FNACs (76.08%), and high negative predictive value (97.84 %). Korean (K) TIRADS had the maximum sensitivity (97.75%), highest negative predictive value (98.44%), and gross malignancy yield. European TIRADS was between the two other guidelines in most parameters with specificity like K TIRADS.
Conclusion All the three guidelines are very good screening tools, with comparable high sensitivity. ACR TIRADS is better in terms of specificity and reduced rates of negative FNACs. Including the presence of a suspicious cervical lymph node as a criterion and more frequent follow-up might further improve the diagnostic performance of the guideline.
Alternative Bypass Technique Using Radial Artery Graft between V3 Segment of Vertebral Artery and Middle Cerebral Artery: Technical Note
Authors: Ito Yasuhiro , Maruichi Katsuhiko , Nakayama Naoki , Kobayashi Hiroyuki , Tatezawa Ryota , Shinada Shinitirou , Terasaka Shunsuke 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background There are some cases where a radial artery (RA) graft is needed for a high-flow extracranial to intracranial (EC-IC) bypass as the external carotid artery (ECA) cannot be utilized as a donor artery. In this report, we describe two cases of extracranial vertebral artery (VA) to middle cerebral artery (MCA) high-flow bypass using an RA graft with an artificial vessel as an alternative bypass technique.
Methods The patient was placed supine with a head rotation of 80 degrees. After frontotemporal craniotomy, another C-shaped skin incision was made at the retroauricular region and the V3 portion of the VA was exposed at the suboccipital triangle. Prior to attempting the high-flow bypass, the superficial temporal artery (STA) was anastomosed to the M4 portion of the MCA as an insurance bypass. The RA graft was anastomosed to the V3 portion of the VA that traveled under the periosteum at the supra-auricular region through an artificial vessel. After RA-M2 anastomosis, an alternative EC-IC bypass, the V3-RA-M2 bypass, was achieved.
Results Postoperative angiography demonstrated successful graft patency and no perioperative complications were observed in both cases.
Conclusions In the cases where a high-flow bypass is required, the V3 portion of the VA is a suitable alternative proximal anastomosis site when the ECA is not a candidate donor. Furthermore, an artificial vessel shows satisfactory protection against graft complications.
Asymmetric particle-antiparticle Dirac equation: second quantization
Authors: Rigolin Gustavo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We build the fully relativistic quantum field theory related to the asymmetric Dirac fields first presented in a prequel to this work. These fields are solutions of the asymmetric Dirac equation, a Lorentz covariant Dirac-like equation whose positive and ‘negative’ frequency plane wave solutions’ dispersion relations are no longer degenerate. At the second quantization level, we show that this implies that particles and antiparticles sharing the same wave number have different energies and momenta. In spite of that, we prove that by properly fixing the values of the relativistic invariants that define the asymmetric Dirac free field Lagrangian density, we can build a consistent, fully relativistic, and renormalizable quantum electrodynamics (QED) that is empirically equivalent to the standard QED. We discuss the reasons and implications of this non-trivial equivalence, exploring qualitatively other scenarios in which the asymmetric Dirac fields may lead to beyond the standard model predictions. We give a complete account of how the asymmetric Dirac fields and the corresponding annihilation and creation operators transform under improper Lorentz transformations (parity and time reversal operations) and under the charge conjugation operation. We also prove that the present theory respects the CPT theorem.
Non-Markovian master equation for quantum transport of fermionic carriers
Authors: Maksimov D N , Aksenov S V , Kolovsky A R 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We propose a simple, yet feasible, model for quantum transport of fermionic carriers across tight-binding chain connecting two reservoirs maintained at arbitrary temperatures and chemical potentials. The model allows for elementary derivation of the master equation for the reduced single particle density matrix (SPDM) in a closed form in both Markov and Born approximations. In the Markov approximation the master equation is solved analytically, whereas in the Born approximation the problem is reduced to an algebraic equation for the SPDM in the Redfield form. The non-Markovian equation is shown to lead to resonant transport similar to Landauer’s conductance. It is shown that in the deep non-Markovian regime the transport current can be matched with that obtained by the non-equilibrium Green’s function method.
A fast steering mirror with ultra-low geometric tilt-to-length coupling noise for space-borne gravitational wave detection
Authors: Wu Yuwei , Hai Hongwen , Fang Sijun , Fan Wentong , Song Jie , Zhao Kai , Zhang Rui , He Bin , Zhao Hongchao , Li Zizheng , Fan Lei , Yan Yong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The misalignment between the geometric center and rotation center in fast steering mirrors (FSMs) poses a challenge for space-borne gravitational wave detection, as it results in geometric tilt-to-length (TTL) coupling noise. To address this issue, we have proposed a FSM structure that exhibits ultra-low geometric TTL coupling noise. The geometric TTL coupling noise is analyzed and evaluated strictly considering the FSM non-ideal tilt of the plane and the center shift characteristic of cartwheel flexure hinges under a small rotational angle. Compared to traditional FSM designs, our new design offers superior noise suppression capabilities and is capable of meeting the stringent piston effect noise requirements of 0.2

pm

/

Hz

in the frequency band of

10

−
4

Hz

∼
1

Hz

under ideal conditions.
Multimode optical fiber sensors: from conventional to machine learning-assisted
Authors: Wang Kun , Mizuno Yosuke , Dong Xingchen , Kurz Wolfgang , Köhler Michael , Kienle Patrick , Lee Heeyoung , Jakobi Martin , Koch Alexander W 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Multimode fiber (MMF) sensors have been extensively developed and utilized in various sensing applications for decades. Traditionally, the performance of MMF sensors was improved by conventional methods that focused on structural design and specialty fibers. However, in recent years, the blossom of machine learning techniques has opened up new avenues for enhancing the performance of MMF sensors. Unlike conventional methods, machine learning techniques do not require complex structures or rare specialty fibers, which reduces fabrication difficulties and lowers costs. In this review, we provide an overview of the latest developments in MMF sensors, ranging from conventional methods to those assisted by machine learning. This article begins by categorizing MMF sensors based on their sensing applications, including temperature and strain sensors, displacement sensors, refractive index sensors, curvature sensors, bio/chemical sensors, and other sensors. Their distinct sensor structures and sensing properties are thoroughly reviewed. Subsequently, the machine learning-assisted MMF sensors that have been recently reported are analyzed and categorized into two groups: learning the specklegrams and learning the spectra. The review provides a comprehensive discussion and outlook on MMF sensors, concluding that they are expected to be utilized in a wide range of applications.
Quantum private function evaluation
Authors: Cao Zhu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Private function evaluation (PFE) is a task that aims to obtain the output of a function while keeping the function secret. So far its quantum analog has not yet been articulated. In this study, we initiate the study of quantum PFE (QPFE), the quantum analog of classical PFE. We give a formal definition of QPFE and present two schemes together with their security proofs. We then give an experimental demonstration of the scheme. Finally we apply QPFE to quantum copy protection to illustrate its usage.
Grating magneto-optical traps with complicated level structures
Authors: Barker Daniel S , Elgee Peter K , Sitaram Ananya , Norrgard Eric B , Klimov Nikolai N , Campbell Gretchen K , Eckel Stephen 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We study the forces and optical pumping within grating magneto-optical traps (MOTs) operating on transitions with non-trivial level structure. In contrast to the standard six-beam MOT configuration, rate equation modeling predicts that the asymmetric laser geometry of a grating MOT will produce spin-polarized atomic samples. Furthermore, the Landé g-factors and total angular momenta of the trapping transition strongly influence both the confinement and equilibrium position of the trap. Using the intuition gained from the rate equation model, we realize a grating MOT of fermionic 87Sr and observe that it forms closer to the center of the trap’s quadrupole magnetic field than its bosonic counterpart. We also explore the application of grating MOTs to molecule laser cooling, where the rate equations suggest that dual-frequency operation is necessary, but not sufficient, for stable confinement for type-II level structures. To test our molecule laser cooling models, we create grating MOTs using the D
1 line of 7Li and see that only two of the four possible six-beam polarization configurations operate in the grating geometry. Our results will aid the development of portable atom and molecule traps for time keeping, inertial navigation, and precision measurement.
High radiation tolerant SOT-MRAM read peripheral circuit with fast data recovery
Authors: Shukla Alok Kumar , Soni Sandeep , Kaushik Brajesh Kumar 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
With downscaling of process technology, single event upsets (SEUs) induced by radiation particles are becoming an important threat to the reliability of memories. Particularly, the charge sharing effect is more significant, causing multiple node upsets due to a single event. Spintronic memory is a viable contender for addressing this challenge, since magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ), the core component of spintronic memory, has been shown to be intrinsically immune to radiation effects. However, hybrid spintronic/CMOS peripheral circuits are still vulnerable to radiation effects. This paper proposes a novel radiation-hardened read circuit with recovery time and radiation tolerance optimized for spin–orbit torque magnetic random access memory (SOT-MRAM). The obtained results show that the proposed circuit can be highly resilient to SEUs independent of its polarity. It can tolerate 8.06X, 10.41X, 9.8X, and 3.49X more critical charge as compared to the 13T, 11T, 11T, and CMOS cross-coupled transistor radiation hardened circuits, respectively with some area overhead. Moreover, the proposed circuit has the least recovery time compared to the previously reported radiation hardened MRAM cell.
Mechanical and surface characterization of Er2O3/La2O3/CeO2 doped carbide coating developed using high velocity oxy fuel (HVOF)
Authors: Vishnoi Mohit , Murtaza Qasim , Kumar Paras 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study is mainly focused on effect of rare earth oxides on a composite coating applied to martensitic steel (SS410) using the high velocity oxy fuel (HVOF) process. The composite coating consists of WC-10Co-4Cr doped with rare earth (erbium oxide/lanthanum oxide/cerium oxide; 0.2 wt%. each). The range of deposited coating thickness was 282–300 μm. Mechanical testing, including tensile, flexural, and hardness tests, along with surface characterization, such as examining morphology, porosity, elemental composition, and phase identification with wettability testing has been conducted on both the substrate and coated samples. The hardness of the coatings is increased by approximately four times to the substrate. The coated sample has porosity in the range of ≥1 to ≤ 2%. The contact angle of the coated surface has enhanced (≈134°) than the substrate (≈61°), this indicates that the coated surface exhibits hydrophobicity.
Lie symmetries for the cosmological field equations in brane-world gravitywith bulk scalar field
Authors: Paliathanasis Andronikos 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We address the group classification problem for gravitational field equations within the context of brane-world cosmology, considering the presence of a bulk scalar field. Our investigation revolves around a five-dimensional spacetime, with the four-dimensional Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker geometry embedded within it. Additionally, we assume that the scalar field exists in this five-dimensional geometry (bulk) and possesses a nonzero mass. The resulting field equations constitute a system of nonlinear partial differential equations. We apply the Lie symmetry condition to identify all functional forms of the scalar field potential, ensuring that the field equations remain invariant under one-parameter point transformations. Consequently, we find that only the exponential potential exhibits Lie symmetries. Finally, the Lie invariants are used to construct similarity transformations, which enable us to derive exact solutions for the system.
Control synchronization of Chua's circuits via linear and nonlinear channels
Authors: Hu Xi-Kui , Yang Juan , Zhu Song , Zhou Ping 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Synchronization plays an important role in regulating coupled chaotic systems. In this paper, capacitor-based field coupling and resistive coupling are applied to tame a class of chaotic circuits, stability analysis, and circuit verification in Multisim are carried out. Synchronization of two and three coupled Chua’s circuits can be reached via linear and nonlinear channels by resistor and capacitor connection in parallel. The range of synchronous coupling resistance R

cp
approximately decreases with coupling capacitance C

cp
increasing in the two circuits coupled system. In the three circuits coupled system, the range of synchronous coupling resistance R
12 decreases with the increase of another coupling resistance R
23. Compared with two circuits coupled system, the implementation of the synchronization process takes longer in three circuits coupled system with the same parameters. In addition, the three non-identical circuits coupled system is studied. Indirect coupling synchronization between driving and response systems without directly coupling can be achieved via an asynchronous intermediate system. Its application in chaotic, secure communication is discussed.
The influence of different metals (II) in hybrid perovskite of (2-AMP)BI4 (B = Pb, Sn) onto the structural, electronic and optical properties: A DFT study
Authors: Yami Nur Fatin Najihah Abdul , Ramli Azliana , Nawawi Wan Izhan , Sepeai Suhaila , Safian Suhaida Dila , Zaki Nur Hamizah Mohd , Taib Mohamad Fariz Mohamad , Ali Ab Malik Marwan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The first principle study on structural, electronic, and optical properties of 2D hybrid halide compound (2-AMP)BI4 (B = Pb, Sn) was analyzed using CASTEP computer code. The calculations were performed using generalized gradient approximation (GGA) schemes. This study aims to look at a few characteristics of (2-AMP)SnI4 as a potential replacement for (2-AMP)PbI4 as a light absorber in solar cell applications due to its toxicity to humans and the environment. The results show that the substitution of lead (Pb) with tin (Sn) can replace Pb-based hybrid halide perovskite due to low band gap, high optical absorption in UV–Visible area, and improved polarizability of electric current. To conclude, 2D Sn-based solar cells are well suited for light harvesting in solar devices. This research may give some information on the properties of 2D Sn-based solar cells for use in renewable energy applications.
A century of canopy kelp persistence and recovery in the Gulf of Alaska
Authors: Hollarsmith Jordan A , Cornett Juliana C , Evenson Emily , Tugaw Alex 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
Coastal Alaska contains vast kelp habitat that supports diverse marine and human communities. Over the past century, the North Pacific Ocean has undergone oceanographic and ecological regime shifts that have the potential to influence the structure and function of kelp ecosystems strongly. However, the remoteness and complexity of the glacially carved region precludes the regular monitoring efforts that would be necessary to detect such changes.

Methods
To begin to fill this critical knowledge gap, we drew upon historical and modern surveys to analyse the change in spatial coverage and species composition of canopy kelp between two time points (1913 and the early 2000s to 2010s). We also incorporated decadal surveys on sea otter range expansion following complete extirpation and reintroduction to assess the influence of sea otter recovery on the spatial extent of canopy kelp.

Key Results
We found increases in the spatial extent of canopy kelp throughout the Gulf of Alaska where there was coverage from both surveys. Kelp in Southcentral Alaska showed extensive recovery after the catastrophic Novarupta volcano. Kelp in Southeast Alaska showed persistence and spatial increase that closely matched increases in the range of sea otters. Observations of thermally tolerant kelp species increased more than observations of cold-adapted species between the two surveys.

Conclusions
Contrary to trends observed at lower latitudes, the kelp forests that ring the Gulf of Alaska have been remarkably stable and even increased in the past century, despite oceanographic and ecosystem changes. To improve monitoring, we propose identification of sentinel kelp beds for regular monitoring to detect changes to these iconic and foundational canopy kelp species more readily.
Comparing binary efficacy outcomes for systemic immunomodulatory treatments for atopic dermatitis in a living systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Drucker Aaron M , Lam Megan , Elsawi Rawaan , Prieto-Merino David , Malek Rayka , Ellis Alexandra G , Yiu Zenas Z N , Rochwerg Bram , Di Giorgio Sonya , Arents Bernd W M , Burton Tim , Spuls Phyllis I , Schmitt Jochen , Flohr Carsten 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Systemic treatments for atopic dermatitis (AD) are evaluated primarily in placebo-controlled trials with binary efficacy outcomes. In a living systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA), we previously analysed continuous efficacy measures.

Objectives
To compare binary efficacy outcomes of systemic treatments for AD.

Methods
We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, Latin American and Caribbean Health Science Information (LILACS) database, Global Resource for Eczema Trials (GREAT) database and trial registries up to 1 March 2023. We included randomized trials examining ≥ 8 weeks of treatment with systemic immunomodulatory medications for moderate-to-severe AD. We screened titles, abstracts and full texts and abstracted data independently, in duplicate. Outcomes included the proportion of patients achieving at least 50%, 75% and 90% improvements in Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI 50, EASI 75 and EASI 90, respectively) and Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) success. We performed random-effects Bayesian NMAs to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% credible intervals (CrIs) between each intervention for each outcome.

Results
Eighty-three trials with 22 122 participants were included in the systematic review. In analyses limited to trials of 8–16 weeks’ duration with predominantly adult populations, abrocitinib 200 mg daily (OR 1.5, 95% CrI 1.1–2.2) and upadacitinib 15 mg daily (OR 1.7, 95% CrI 0.9–3.3) and 30 mg daily (OR 2.5, 95% CrI 1.3–5.0) were associated with higher odds of achieving EASI 50 vs. dupilumab. Abrocitinib 100 mg daily (OR 0.7, 95% CrI 0.5–1.0), baricitinib 2 mg daily (OR 0.4, 95% CrI 0.3–0.5) and 4 mg daily (OR 0.5, 95% CrI 0.3–0.7), and tralokinumab (OR 0.4, 95% CrI 0.3–0.6) were associated with lower odds of achieving EASI 50 vs. dupilumab. Results were similar for EASI 75, EASI 90 and IGA success.

Conclusions
Supporting results for continuous outcome measures, upadacitinib 30 mg daily and abrocitinib 200 mg daily are the most efficacious with regard to binary efficacy endpoints up to 16 weeks in adults with moderate-to-severe AD, followed by upadacitinib 15 mg daily, dupilumab and abrocitinib 100 mg daily. Dupilumab and both doses of upadacitinib and abrocitinib are more efficacious than baricitinib 4 and 2 mg daily and tralokinumab.