bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteonecrosis: A treatment related toxicity in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)—experiences from trial ALL‐BFM 95
Authors: Bürger Britta , Beier Rita , Zimmermann Martin , Beck Jörn D. , Reiter Alfred , Schrappe Martin 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBackgroundOsteonecrosis (ON) as a complication during treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has gained rising attention over the past decade. Corticosteroids, representing an essential element of antileukemic therapy, are known to induce ON, which in turn may cause significant morbidity. Due to spontaneous reporting of affected patients with ON, a group‐wide evaluation was performed to determine incidence, risk factors, and morbidity for ON.ProcedurePatients were identified via spontaneous reporting to the study center and via questionnaire, addressing all 64 participating centers. We retrospectively analyzed 1,951 patients below 18 years of age who were treated according to trial ALL‐BFM 95 between 01.01.1996 and 30.06.2000.ResultsThirty‐one patients (14 male, 17 female) affected by ON were identified. The overall 5‐year cumulative incidence for ON is 1.8%. The incidence for patients <10 years is 0.2%, whereas for patients ≥10 years it is 8.9% (P = 0.00) and 16.7% (P = 0.003) for patients ≥15 years. The majority (n = 20) showed ON in two or more joints, and the joints most commonly affected were knees (14 patients, 24 affected knees) and hips (11 patients, 20 affected joints). Thirteen out of 31 patients had to undergo surgery in the course of their disease.ConclusionsSymptomatic ON is a rare event in patients treated with BFM‐type chemotherapy with an overall 5‐year cumulative incidence of 1.8%. The age group ≥10 years, and particularly adolescents ≥15 years have a significantly higher risk of developing ON. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Early molecular detection of central nervous system relapse in a child with systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Armstrong Gregory , Szallasi Arpad , Biegel Jaclyn A. , Shurtleff Sheila , Bilaniuk Larissa T. , Womer Richard B. , Choi John Kim 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe report a case of anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) with central nervous system relapse in an 11‐year‐old boy. The relapse was suspected on morphologic examination of the cytospin preparations of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with a WBC of 10 cells/μl. CSF relapse was confirmed using immunohistochemistry (IHC), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) for abnormal ALK expression or gene structure. The patient developed large intracranial metastases, despite systemic, and intrathecal chemotherapy. This case demonstrates the feasibility of detecting ALCL in paucicellular CSF specimens and suggests that even low CSF involvement can herald massive parenchymal disease. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Theoretical exposure of chronically treated patients to lipid lowering agents
Authors: Kucera Zdenek , Vlcek Jiri , Hejdova Miroslava 
Published: November 2004

AbstractPurposeThe objective was to analyse the exposure to lipid lowering agents (LLA) using the databases of health insurance companies and to appraise its concordance with the findings of evidence based medicine.MethodsThree health insurance companies' prescription based databases were analysed in the years 1997–2000. All inhabitants in the Czech Republic (CR) have to be insured. The insured person with a recorded prescription for LLA in the year of interest was defined as a patient, the insured person with a recorded prescription for LLA in the years bordering the year of interest was defined as a chronically treated patient. In the year of interest the percentage of chronically treated patients without LLA medication, with ‘very low’ (<122 defined daily doses (DDD)/year), ‘low’ (122–243 DDD/year) and ‘adequate’ (>243 DDD/year) consumption was determined.ResultsDuring the observed period the total consumption of LLA increased among 450 000 inhabitants twice (by 109.6%) to 24.8 DDD/1000 inhabitants/day. In 2000 the rate of the consumption of statins and fibrates represented 34.2 and 65.6% respectively. In 1998 33.5% and in 1999 41.0% of the chronically treated patients occurred in the ‘adequate’ consumption group.ConclusionsThe signals of inappropriate drug treatment such as the preferred use of fibrates and low doses of LLA prescribed to the Czech population were identified. Conversely, the increasing proportion of the chronically treated patients belonging to the group with the ‘adequate’ consumption could be considered as a positive signal. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selective prescribing of atypical antipsychotics
Authors: Breekveldt‐Postma Nancy S. , Schillevoort Igor , Nolen Willem A. , Veraart Christiaan P. W. M. , Herings Ron M. C. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractPurposeThe aim of the study was to investigate whether the most recent introduced atypical antipsychotics olanzapine and risperidone were preferentially prescribed to patients susceptible to develop extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) and those not responding adequately to typical antipsychotics.MethodsData were obtained from the Dutch PHARMO system that includes complete medication and hospital admission records of 675 000 residents of 14 Dutch cities. A total number of 129 new users of olanzapine and 142 new users of risperidone as well as 507 new users of typical antipsychotic drugs were identified from our database in the period of 1996–1998. The prevalence of markers of EPS, therapy resistance and therapy non‐compliance were assessed in the period of 1 year prior to a new start of an antipsychotic.ResultsNew use of olanzapine and risperidone was significantly associated with previous use of other antipsychotics (odds ratio 4.0, 95%CI: 2.5–6.7 and odds ratio 3.0, 95%CI: 2.0–4.7, respectively). New use of olanzapine and risperidone was also associated with previous use of anticholinergic drugs compared to users of typical antipsychotics (over three and two times more, respectively). This effect diminished when adjusted for previous use of antipsychotics.ConclusionsIn particular olanzapine and also risperidone were selectively prescribed to patients formerly treated with other antipsychotics and to those susceptible for EPS. If not recognised or controlled for, observational studies comparing different antipsychotic drugs may produce biased results on efficacy or frequency of side effects for the different types of antipsychotics. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Amine‐cured epoxy/clay nanocomposites. II. The effect of the nanoclay aspect ratio
Authors: Miyagawa Hiroaki , Rich Michael J. , Drzal Lawrence T. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe thermophysical and mechanical properties of a nanocomposite material composed of amine‐cured diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) reinforced with organomontmorillonite clay are reported. The storage modulus at 100 °C, which was above the glass‐transition temperature (Tg), increased approximately 350% with the addition of 10 wt % (6.0 vol %) of clay. Below the Tg, the storage modulus at 30 °C increased 50% relative to the value of unfilled epoxy. It was determined that the Tg linearly increased as a function of clay volume percent. The tensile modulus of epoxy at room temperature increased approximately 50% with the addition of 10 wt % of clay. The reinforcing effect of the organoclay nanoplatelets is discussed with respect to the Tandon–Weng and Halpin–Tsai models. A pseudoinclusion model is proposed to describe the behavior of randomly oriented, uniformly dispersed platelets in nanocomposite materials. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 4391–4400, 2004
Glass‐transition temperature behavior of alumina/PMMA nanocomposites
Authors: Ash Benjamin J. , Siegel Richard W. , Schadler Linda S. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractAlumina/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites were synthesized by an in situ free‐radical polymerization process with 38 and 17 nm diameter γ‐alumina nanoparticles. At extremely low filler weight fractions (<1.0 wt % of 38 nm fillers or < 0.5 wt % of 17 nm fillers) the glass‐transition temperature (Tg) of the nanocomposites drops by 25 °C when compared to the neat polymer. Further additions of filler (up to 10 wt %) do not lead to additional Tg reductions. The thermal behavior is shown to vary with particle size, but this dependence can be normalized with respect to a specific surface area. The nanocomposite Tg phenomenon is hypothesized to be because of nonadhering nanoparticles that serve as templates for a porous system with many internal interfaces that break up the percolating structure of dynamically heterogeneous domains recently suggested by Long, D.; and Lequeux, F. Eur Phys J E 2001, 4, 371 to be responsible for the Tg reductions in polymer ultrathin films. The results also point to a far field effect of the nanoparticle surface on the bulk matrix. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 4371–4383, 2004
Asphyxiating tracheal bronchogenic cyst
Authors: Baets F. De , Daele S. Van , Schelstraete P. , Haerynck F. , Vermassen F. , Broers C. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe report on a 7‐month old infant with severe respiratory distress secondary to a paratracheal bronchogenic cyst. Respiratory relief was achieved by transtracheal puncture of the cyst. Surgical removal of the cyst was performed 1 week later because of radiological evidence of reaccumulation of fluid. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2004; 38:488–490. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Radiological and pulmonary function outcomes of children with SARS
Authors: Li A.M. , So H.K. , Chu W. , Ng P.C. , Hon K.L. , Chiu W.K. , Leung C.W. , Yau Y.S. , Mo W.K. , Fok T.F. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe examined the radiological and pulmonary function outcomes of children affected with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) at 6 months from diagnosis. Twenty‐one female and 26 male Chinese patients (median age, 13.6 years; interquartile range, 9.9–16.0) were studied. In each subject, high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the thorax and pulmonary function were assessed. All children were asymptomatic and had a normal clinical examination. Mild pulmonary abnormalities were detected on HRCT in 16 (34.0%) subjects, including residual ground‐glass opacification (n = 5), air trapping (n = 8), and a combination of ground‐glass changes and air trapping (n = 3). The need for oxygen supplementation (P = 0.02) and lymphopenia during the course of illness (P = 0.012) were significant risk factors in predicting abnormal HRCT. There were no significant lung function differences between those with and without HRCT abnormalities. Despite complete clinical resolution, a considerable proportion of children affected with SARS had abnormal HRCT findings at 6 months. These abnormalities were more prevalent in those with severe disease. It is important that careful follow‐up be carried out to assess the clinical significance and persistence of such abnormalities. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2004; 38:427–433. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Principal eigenvector of contact matrices and hydrophobicity profiles in proteins
Authors: Bastolla Ugo , Porto Markus , Roman H. Eduardo , Vendruscolo Michele 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWith the aim of studying the relationship between protein sequences and their native structures, we adopted vectorial representations for both sequence and structure. The structural representation was based on the principal eigenvector of the fold's contact matrix (PE). As has been recently shown, the latter encodes sufficient information for reconstructing the whole contact matrix. The sequence was represented through a hydrophobicity profile (HP), using a generalized hydrophobicity scale that we obtained from the principal eigenvector of a residue–residue interaction matrix, and denoted as interactivity scale. Using this novel scale, we defined the optimal HP of a protein fold, and, by means of stability arguments, predicted to be strongly correlated with the PE of the fold's contact matrix. This prediction was confirmed through an evolutionary analysis, which showed that the PE correlates with the HP of each individual sequence adopting the same fold and, even more strongly, with the average HP of this set of sequences. Thus, protein sequences evolve in such a way that their average HP is close to the optimal one, implying that neutral evolution can be viewed as a kind of motion in sequence space around the optimal HP. Our results indicate that the correlation coefficient between N‐dimensional vectors constitutes a natural metric in the vectorial space in which we represent both protein sequences and protein structures, which we call vectorial protein space. In this way, we define a unified framework for sequence‐to‐sequence, sequence‐to‐structure and structure‐to‐structure alignments. We show that the interactivity scale is nearly optimal both for the comparison of sequences to sequences and sequences to structures. Proteins 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The impact of protein flexibility on protein–protein docking
Authors: Ehrlich Lutz P. , Nilges Michael , Wade Rebecca C. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractAccounting for protein flexibility in protein–protein docking algorithms is challenging, and most algorithms therefore treat proteins as rigid bodies or permit side‐chain motion only. While the consequences are obvious when there are large conformational changes upon binding, the situation is less clear for the modest conformational changes that occur upon formation of most protein–protein complexes. We have therefore studied the impact of local protein flexibility on protein–protein association by means of rigid body and torsion angle dynamics simulation. The binding of barnase and barstar was chosen as a model system for this study, because the complexation of these 2 proteins is well‐characterized experimentally, and the conformational changes accompanying binding are modest. On the side‐chain level, we show that the orientation of particular residues at the interface (so‐called hotspot residues) have a crucial influence on the way contacts are established during docking from short protein separations of approximately 5 Å. However, side‐chain torsion angle dynamics simulations did not result in satisfactory docking of the proteins when using the unbound protein structures. This can be explained by our observations that, on the backbone level, even small (2 Å) local loop deformations affect the dynamics of contact formation upon docking. Complementary shape‐based docking calculations confirm this result, which indicates that both side‐chain and backbone levels of flexibility influence short‐range protein–protein association and should be treated simultaneously for atomic–detail computational docking of proteins. Proteins 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A genomic perspective of protein kinases in Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Anamika  , Srinivasan N. , Krupa A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractProtein kinases are central to regulation of cellular signaling in the eukaryotes. Well‐conserved and lineage‐specific protein kinases have previously been identified from various completely sequenced genomes of eukaryotes. The current work describes a genome‐wide analysis for protein kinases encoded in the Plasmodium falciparum genome. Using a few different profile matching methods, we have identified 99 protein kinases or related proteins in the parasite genome. We have classified these kinases into subfamilies and analyzed them in the context of noncatalytic domains that occur in these catalytic kinase domain–containing proteins. Compared to most eukaryotic protein kinases, these sequences vary significantly in terms of their lengths, inserts in catalytic domains, and co‐occurring domains. Catalytic and noncatalytic domains contain long stretches of repeats of positively charged and other polar amino acids. Various components of the cell cycle, including 4 cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) homologues, 2 cyclins, 1 CDK regulatory subunit, and 1 kinase‐associated phosphatase, are identified. Identification of putative mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) Kinase and MAP Kinase Kinase of P. falciparum suggests a new paradigm in the highly conserved signaling pathway of eukaryotes. The calcium‐dependent kinase family, well represented in P. falciparum, shows varying domain combinations with EF‐hands and pleckstrin homology domains. The analysis reveals a new subfamily of protein kinases having limited sequence similarity with previously known subfamilies. A new transmembrane kinase with 6 membrane‐spanning regions is identified. Putative apicoplast targeting sequences have been detected in some of these protein kinases, suggesting their export to the apicoplast. Proteins 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Both helical propensity and side‐chain hydrophobicity at a partially exposed site in α‐helix contribute to the thermodynamic stability of ubiquitin
Authors: Loladze Vakhtang V. , Makhatadze George I. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractImproving helical propensity of residues was proposed as one of the approaches to increase protein stability. Here the contribution of the helix propensity and hydrophobicity of residues at partially buried positions of α‐helix to the stability of a model protein—ubiquitin— is explored. Thermodynamic stabilities of 13 ubiquitin variants with substitutions at a partially buried helical residue were measured by differential scanning calorimetry. It was found that the dynamic range of stabilities for different amino acid residues at this partially buried position is 3 times larger than that expected based on helical propensity alone. Correlation analysis shows that both helical propensity and hydrophobicity are important in defining the relative stabilities of the studied ubiquitin variants. These results provide experimental evidence that partially buried positions are potentially useful sites for engineering proteins with enhanced thermostability. Proteins 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fold recognition by combining sequence profiles derived from evolution and from depth‐dependent structural alignment of fragments
Authors: Zhou Hongyi , Zhou Yaoqi 
Published: November 2004

AbstractRecognizing structural similarity without significant sequence identity has proved to be a challenging task. Sequence‐based and structure‐based methods as well as their combinations have been developed. Here, we propose a fold‐recognition method that incorporates structural information without the need of sequence‐to‐structure threading. This is accomplished by generating sequence profiles from protein structural fragments. The structure‐derived sequence profiles allow a simple integration with evolution‐derived sequence profiles and secondary‐structural information for an optimized alignment by efficient dynamic programming. The resulting method (called SP3) is found to make a statistically significant improvement in both sensitivity of fold recognition and accuracy of alignment over the method based on evolution‐derived sequence profiles alone (SP) and the method based on evolution‐derived sequence profile and secondary structure profile (SP2). SP3 was tested in SALIGN benchmark for alignment accuracy and Lindahl, PROSPECTOR 3.0, and LiveBench 8.0 benchmarks for remote‐homology detection and model accuracy. SP3 is found to be the most sensitive and accurate single‐method server in all benchmarks tested where other methods are available for comparison (although its results are statistically indistinguishable from the next best in some cases and the comparison is subjected to the limitation of time‐dependent sequence and/or structural library used by different methods.). In LiveBench 8.0, its accuracy rivals some of the consensus methods such as ShotGun‐INBGU, Pmodeller3, Pcons4, and ROBETTA. SP3 fold‐recognition server is available on http://theory.med.buffalo.edu. Proteins 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phase transitions and transport phenomena in Li0.25Cu1.75Se superionic compound
Authors: Balapanov M. Kh. , Bikkulova N. N. , Mukhamedyanov U. Kh. , Asilguschina G. N. , Musalimov R. Sh. , Zeleev M. Kh. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractPhase transformation points in Li0.25Cu1.75Se mixed electronic–ionic conductor have been determined by calorimetric, conductometric and thermoelectric measurements. The phase transformation (PT) from triclinic to monoclinic occurs at 403–413 K. At 503–515 K the monoclinic phase is followed by a rhombohedral modification. Both of these PTs are accompanied by drops on the calorimetric curve. At about 653 K observed anomalies in the temperature dependencies of the ionic conductivity, of the chemical diffusion coefficient and the jump of the ionic Seebeck coefficient have been induced by the PT to hexagonal phase. Neutron diffraction studies reveal the cubic structure of Li0.25Cu1.75Se compound (with space group Fm3m) at 773 K. The corresponding PT causes anomalies in the electrical and diffusion properties at 703–713 K. Cu ions are statistically distributed over tetrahedral and trigonal voids in an Fm3m cage; lithium ions randomly occupy 32(f) positions. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dynamics of Ising spin chains with nearest‐neighbour and next‐nearest‐neighbour interactions in random fields
Authors: Ismail G. , Bannora K. , Hassan S. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA one‐dimensional system of six coupled random field Ising spins is studied by Glauber dynamics. The nearest‐neighbour and next‐nearest‐neighbour interactions are taken into consideration. Two distributions of random fields (RF) – binary and Gaussian distribution – are investigated. We consider four cases of exchange couplings: ferro–ferromagnetic (F–F), ferro–antiferromagnetic (F–AF), antiferro–ferromagnetic (AF–F) and antiferro–antiferromagnetic (AF–AF). The system is fully frustrated, undergoes a zero‐temperature phase transition and has multiple local energy minima in both distributions. The dynamics of the four systems are solved exactly in both distributions of RF. The effects of random fields are discussed. The number of diverging relaxation times is equal to the number of energy minima minus one. The longest relaxation times verify the Arrhenius law with energy barrier determined by the energy needed to invert the ground‐state spin configuration. At low temperatures, according to the Arrhenius law, the spectrum of relaxation times shows a double‐peak distribution on a logarithmic scale. In the Gaussian distribution of RF the energy‐barrier distribution is continuous while it is quasi‐discrete in the binary distribution. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The perturbative construction of the effective soft‐spin Hamiltonian of the system of magnetized nano‐loops
Authors: Horváth D. , Gmitra M. , Baláž P. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe effective large‐scale Hamiltonian of a planar system of nano‐loops in a weakly excited flux‐closed magnetized state has been constructed by means of a perturbative technique based on micromagnetic theory. The Hamiltonian is written by means of two classes of collective variables: the continuous soft spins and discrete vorticity charges. Analytical and numerical calculations of the inter‐loop magnetostatic energy are compared for a pair of magnetic nano‐loops. The transformation from small‐scale to collective variables is performed for intra‐loop exchange‐coupling, magnetostatic and Zeeman energy terms. Evidence of correlations of uniform vortex charges in low‐energy configurations is uncovered numerically. The generalization of the perturbative method that deals with more realistic out‐of‐plane excitations is also considered. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)