bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The “velocity barrier” in giant slalom skiing: An experimental proof of concept
Authors: Chollet Mickael , Delhaye Clément , Samozino Pierre , Bowen Maximilien , Morel Baptiste , Monjo Florian , Hintzy Frédérique 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlpine skiing involves the conversion of potential energy into kinetic energy, with the “velocity barrier” (VB) at each moment corresponding to the maximal velocity at which the athlete can ski while staying within the boundaries of the gates and maintaining control. Nevertheless, this concept has never been proven by evidence. The aim of this study was to experimentally test the existence of the VB and clarify its relationship with skier's force production/application capacities.MethodsFourteen skiers were equipped with ski‐mounted force plates and a positional device and ran a 2‐turn Giant Slalom section starting from eight different heights on the slope. Three conditions were selected for further analysis: minimal entrance velocity (vmin); entrance velocity allowing the better section time (VB); maximal entrance velocity (vmax). Entrance velocity, section time, mean force output, ratio of force application effectiveness, velocity normalized energy dissipation, and path length were compared between the three conditions. Moreover, skier's mechanical energy and velocity curves were compared all along the section between the three conditions using SPM analysis.ResultsThe section time was reduced in VB compared to vmin (p < 0.001) and vmax (p = 0.002). Skiers presented an incapacity to increase force output beyond the VB (p = 0.441) associated with a lower force application effectiveness (p = 0.005). Maximal entrance velocity was associated to higher energy dissipation (p < 0.001) and path length (p = 0.005).ConclusionThe present study experimentally supports the existence of the VB. The force production/application capacities seem to limit the skiing effectiveness beyond the VB, associated to increased energy dissipations and path length.
Fathers and childcare: Are gender social norms in India changing?
Authors: Motwani Ameeta 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe involvement of fathers in the care of new‐borns and young children is becoming a fact of life in contemporary urban India. However, there is little empirical research on changes in the gender social norms around childcare in India. We do not know if there are some childcare responsibilities that men are happy to take on while there are others which are still considered the ‘Mommy domain’? The article is based on an exploratory research study interrogating the increasing role played by fathers in the care of their young children in urban India. Based on in‐depth interviews with two generations of fathers, it focuses on the differences in their participation in childcare activities. The study finds that both, the practice as well as the discourse concerning childcare among urban middle‐class Indians are changing and thus the gender norms for childcare responsibility can be said to be somewhat shifting for a certain class of Indian families.
Reticulate evolution of the tertiary relict Osmanthus
Authors: Li Yongfu , Li Xuan , Nie Shuai , Zhang Min , Yang Qinghua , Xu Wenbin , Duan Yifan , Wang Xianrong 
Published: October 2023

SUMMARYWhen interspecific gene flow is common, species relationships are more accurately represented by a phylogenetic network than by a bifurcating tree. This study aimed to uncover the role of introgression in the evolution of Osmanthus, the only genus of the subtribe Oleinae (Oleaceae) with its distribution center in East Asia. We built species trees, detected introgression, and constructed networks using multiple kinds of sequencing data (whole genome resequencing, transcriptome sequencing, and Sanger sequencing of nrDNA) combined with concatenation and coalescence approaches. Then, based on well‐understood species relationships, historical biogeographic analyses and diversification rate estimates were employed to reveal the history of Osmanthus. Osmanthus originated in mid‐Miocene Europe and dispersed to the eastern Tibetan Plateau in the late Miocene. Thereafter, it continued to spread eastwards. Phylogenetic conflict is common within the ‘Core Osmanthus’ clade and is seen at both early and late stages of diversification, leading to hypotheses of net‐like species relationships. Incomplete lineage sorting proved ineffective in explaining phylogenetic conflicts and thus supported introgression as the main cause of conflicts. This study elucidates the diversification history of a relict genus in the subtropical regions of eastern Asia and reveals that introgression had profound effects on its evolutionary history.
Neutronic Analysis and Fuel Cycle Parameters of Transuranic-UO2 Fueled Dual Cooled VVER-1000 Assembly
Authors: Ahmed Md. Tanvir , Shelley Afroza , Hosen Md. Nobir 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The feasibility of transuranic (TRU) fuel rods has been studied for a dual-cooled VVER-1000 assembly along with the conventional UO2 fuel rods. It has been found that the heterogeneous arrangements of TRU and UO2 fuel rods help to improve the multiplication factor, enhance the fuel cycle parameters, and maintain the negative Doppler coefficient of the reference VVER-1000 assembly. Within the different heterogeneous combinations of TRU and UO2 fuel rods, the equal number of UO2 and TRU fuel rods, which is referred to as model 6 increased the multiplication factor of the reference assembly by 7.66% at the beginning of the cycle. Furthermore, the fuel cycle parameter becomes almost double for this model in comparison with the reference assembly. TRU rods make the neutron spectrum of reference assembly slightly harder and increase the fast fission rate. However, the Doppler coefficient becomes less negative, and flux level decreases with increasing the number of TRU rods. By considering the safety parameters and neutronic behavior, model 6 (equal number of UO2 and TRU fuel rods) is to be effective for the annular fueled VVER-1000 reactor.
The Force–Velocity Profiling Concept for Sprint Running Is a Dead End
Authors: Ettema Gertjan 
Published: October 2023

Purpose: In this commentary, I present arguments against the use of the force–velocity profiling concept in design and adaptations of training programs targeting sprinting. The purpose of this commentary is to make sports practitioners more aware of the rationale behind the concept and explain why it does not work. Rationale: Force–velocity profiling is a mathematical way to present the velocity development during sprint behavior. Some details of this behavior may be accentuated by transforming it to other variables, but it does not add any new information about sprint performance. Thus, contrary to what is often claimed, the force–velocity profile does not represent maximal capacities (ability of force and velocity generation) of the athlete. It is claimed that through force–velocity profiling one may identify the optimal ratio of force and velocity capacities. Furthermore, proponents of the force–velocity profiling concept suggest that through directed training force and velocity capacities can be altered (inversely dependent) to obtain this optimal ratio, without changing the capacity to express power. Fundamentally, this idea is unfounded and implausible. Conclusion: At best, force–velocity profiling may be able to identify between-athletes differences. However, these can be more easily deduced directly from performance time traces.
CFT thermal 2-point function
Authors: Bajc Borut , Lugo Adrián 
Published: October 2023

This is a short review of our recent work [B. Bajc and A. R. Lugo, arXiv:2212.13639 [hep-th]] with some new original results. We numerically calculate the conformal two point correlation function of operators with arbitrary scale dimension up to order [Formula: see text] in the low temperature expansion. We analytically compute its large scale dimension limit up to the same order.
AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY TO EVALUATE FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME OF PCL BONY AVULSION FRACTURE FIXATION USING BURKS AND SCHAFFER APPROACH
Authors: Swarnkar Himanshu , Singh Abhay , Thakur Robin , Kumar Manoj , Jain Hemant , Vaishy Arun , Lohchab Ishani 
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is the stronger of the two cruciate ligaments of the knee and is a constraint to posterior dislocation of the knee in 90 degrees of flexion. Damage to PCL due to bony avulsion if not treated can lead to chronic pain and patellar degeneration due to posterior subluxation of the tibia. Various modalities are there to treat PCL bony avulsion fracture, including the conservative method (in undisplaced or <5 mm displaced bony piece) and open methods, including the midline posterior approach, Burks and Schaffer approach, and Arthroscopic approach with the help of sutures and screws. The purpose of this study was to objectively evaluate the results after Burks and Schaffer’s approach to tibial PCL avulsion fractures using cannulated cancellous (cc) screws with or without a washer. Methodology: This is an observational study of PCL bony avulsion fractures of 30 patients in the age group of 15–45 years admitted to Dr. S.N. Medical College and Associated Group of Hospitals, Jodhpur who were followed up for six months and were classified under Modified Meyers and Mckeever classification. Patients with associated vascular injuries and severe comorbidities were excluded. Through Burks and Schaffer’s approach, PCL bony avulsion fractures were fixed with a 4 mm partially threaded cc screw with or without a washer. Their functional outcome was assessed using the Lysholm scoring system. Results: In our study, 30 patients are treated with the Burks and Schaffer method out of which excellent surgical outcomes were found in 23 (76.67%) patients and good outcomes in seven patients (23.33%). Conclusion: PCL bony avulsion fracture treated with screw fixation through the Burks and Schaffer approach has excellent clinical outcomes due to the ease of performing it with fewer complications during exposure and fixation with an easily available and affordable implant. With this method, patients reported stable knees with a good range of motion and functional outcomes.
CT-GUIDED PERCUTANEOUS TREPHINATION OF NIDUS IN OSTEOID OSTEOMA — A SAFE APPROACH FOR DIFFICULT TO ACCESS LESIONS
Authors: Agarwal Shubham , Jain Hemant , Sihag Prateek , Raichandani Kishore 
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Osteoid osteoma is a benign painful bony lesion that often affects children and young adults. It is 3% of all bone tumors. It may result in growth disturbance, bony deformity, joint swelling and contractures. Long bones especially of the lower limb are the most commonly affected regions. During the initial period, the resection of nidus was performed by open surgery where a bone block was removed. This was followed by development of computed tomography (CT)-guided procedures for complete removal of nidus using various percutaneous techniques. These include CT-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) or trephination. If these lesions are near any important vascular structures, it becomes difficult to use RFA due to risk of injuring them. While the results of RFA are well studied, percutaneous trephination is still not widely researched. Objectives: We evaluated the results of 14 cases of osteoid osteoma treated with percutaneous drilling resection of the nidus under CT guidance and discussed the positive and negative impact of the same. Material and Methods: We included 14 patients who presented, from October 2017 to September 2020, at a tertiary level health care center. The diagnosis was established by clinical as well as imaging modalities. The patients underwent CT scan and the exact site was localized. Safe zone for percutaneous drilling was identified using contrast for vascular bundle. Percutaneous drilling was done using 8 mm reamer and complete lesion was removed under CT guidance. Patients were followed up for 2 years after the procedure and the final results were obtained in terms of pain, functional ability of limb and recurrence. Results: 13 out of 14 patients were pain-free at the end of the follow-up. One patient did have some pain after 1 year and on repeat imaging, there were changes suggestive of recurrence. The success rate was thus 13/14 patients (92.8%). The mean pre-operative pain score improved from 2.3 (range, 0–4) to 4.85 (range, 4–5) after procedure. There was no functional deficit of the limb recorded at the end of final follow up. Conclusion: CT-guided percutaneous trephination is a cost-effective alternative to available treatments protocols for Osteoid osteoma. Although newer techniques such as radio-frequency ablation are available, they are neither easily accessible nor affordable for the masses in developing countries.
About Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs)
Authors: Francis Jack Clark 
Published: October 2023

A Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) is a country’s fiat currency that exists in a digital form. This digital currency becomes a liability on the balance sheet of a nation’s central bank when it ceases to be a liability on the balance sheet of one of the nation’s commercial banks and gets transferred to the central bank. Instead of printing paper money, the central bank can create CBDCs by opening electronic bank accounts at commercial banks that are backed by the full faith and credit of the nation’s central bank. The goal of a CBDC is to provide the nation’s government, businesses and consumers with a liquid and accessible currency that supplies privacy, transferability, convenience, and financial security. If CBDCs become highly popular, someday the world might operate with only one global CBDC.
The Ostrowski quotient of an elliptic curve
Authors: Maarefparvar Abbas 
Published: October 2023

For [Formula: see text] a finite Galois extension of number fields, the relative Pólya group [Formula: see text] is the subgroup of the ideal class group of [Formula: see text] generated by all the strongly ambiguous ideal classes in [Formula: see text]. The notion of Ostrowski quotient [Formula: see text], as the cokernel of the capitulation map into [Formula: see text], has been recently introduced in [E. Shahoseini, A. Rajaei and A. Maarefparvar, Ostrowski quotients for finite extensions of number fields, Pacific J. Math. 321 (2022) 415–429, doi: 10.2140/pjm.2022.321.415]. In this paper, using some results of [C. D. González-Avilés, Capitulation, ambiguous classes and the cohomology of the units, J. Reine Angew. Math. 613 (2007) 75–97], we find a new approach to define [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] which is the main motivation for us to investigate analogous notions in the elliptic curve setting. For [Formula: see text] an elliptic curve defined over [Formula: see text], we define the Ostrowski quotient [Formula: see text] and the coarse Ostrowski quotient [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] relative to [Formula: see text], for which in the latter group we do not take into account primes of bad reduction. Our main result is a nontrivial structure theorem for the group [Formula: see text] and we analyze this theorem, in some details, for the class of curves [Formula: see text] over quadratic extensions [Formula: see text].
Iwasawa theory of plus/minus Selmer groups with non-co-free plus/minus local conditions
Authors: Kim Byoung Du BD 
Published: October 2023

We often use the plus/minus Selmer groups to study Iwasawa theory for elliptic curves with good supersingular reduction at [Formula: see text]. But, if the plus/minus local conditions are not co-free, it can be difficult to use them effectively. In this paper, we introduce some technical improvements so that we can use the plus/minus Selmer groups even when the plus/minus local conditions are not co-free. In particular, we show that the plus/minus Selmer groups have no proper submodule of finite index and also they satisfy algebraic functional equations even when the said local conditions are not co-free, thus improve our previous results [B. Kim, The algebraic functional equation of an elliptic curve at supersingular primes, Math. Res. Lett. 15(1) (2008) 83–94; The plus/minus Selmer groups for supersingular primes, J. Aust. Math. Soc. 95(2) (2013) 189–200].
Seasonal diets of two rhinolophid bats, Rhinolophus nippon and Rhinolophus cornutus, in the southern Japanese Alps
Authors: Takada Hayato , Sato Akiyoshi , Katsuta Setsuko 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Knowledge of diets is important for understanding species ecology and the mechanism of coexistence of multiple closely related species. Two rhinolophid bats, the greater Japanese horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus nippon) and the little Japanese horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus cornutus), occur in Japan, but little is known about their diets and interspecific interactions regarding food resources. In this study, we examined the fecal contents of these two species in the Southern Japanese Alps by microscopic analysis over multiple seasons. R. cornutus, which have more skillful flight, consumed nonvolant insects (caterpillars and spiders), whereas R. nippon did not; this indicates that R. cornutus can glean prey better than R. nippon. The larger-bodied R. nippon more frequently consumed hard-bodied beetles, whereas the smaller-bodied R. cornutus more frequently consumed soft-bodied dipterans and neuropterans. Body size differences influenced flight ability and bite force, which resulted in food resource partitioning and enabled multispecies coexistence of these closely related bats. A R. nippon nursery colony consumed a wider variety of insects, such as beetles, moths, and dipterans, during the pregnancy and lactation periods; however, after lactation, they showed a beetle-dependent diet, and before hibernation they again consumed various food resources. A R. cornutus non-nursery colony frequently consumed dipterans and moths in spring; dipterans, moths, and neuropterans in autumn; and moths and neuropterans in winter. These seasonal changes in diet seemed to be related to food supply or reproductive status.
The relationship between psychiatric symptoms and the use of levetiracetam in people with epilepsy
Authors: Gammoh Omar , Al-Smadi Ahmed , Mansour Mohammad , Ennab Wail , AL Hababbeh Suha , Al-Taani Ghaith , Alsous Mervat , Aljabali Alaa AA , Tambuwala Murtaza M 
Published: October 2023

Background: Mental health in people with epilepsy (PWE) is often overlooked, especially in developing countries. Purpose: Consequently, the current work had two objectives: (1) to estimate the burden of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and stress, and (2) to examine the association of these psychiatric/psychological symptoms with levetiracetam and other relevant clinical factors in a cohort of Jordanian PWE. Research Design: This is a cross-sectional study. The demographic and clinical data were recorded. Depression was measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9, Arabic-validated version) and anxiety by the General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7, Arabic-validated version). The insomnia severity index (ISI-A, Arabic version) was used to assess sleep quality, and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-A, Arabic version) was used to measure perceived stress. Study Sample: Data were analyzed from 280 patients, of which 178 (63.6%) received levetiracetam as monotherapy or as adjuvant. Results: Depression was reported in 150 (53.6%), anxiety in 110 (39.3%), insomnia in 131 (46.8%), and clinically significant stress in 211 (75.4%). At univariate analysis, levetiracetam was not associated with psychiatric symptoms. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that severe depressive symptoms were associated with family history (OR = 2.47, 95% CI = 1.42-4.33, P = .001) and seizure type (OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.01-2.80, P = .04), severe anxiety symptoms were associated with family history (OR = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.12-3.23, P = .01), severe insomnia was associated with seizure type (OR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.33-3.5, P = .002) and severe stress was associated with marital status (OR = 2.37, 95% CI = 1.31-4.29, P = .004). Conclusions: The high psychological burden of PWE is a challenging issue that requires attention and prompt action to control its risk factors. Levetiracetam was not associated with psychiatric symptoms in this study.
Collecting Physicians’ Preferences on Medical Devices: Are We Doing It Right? Evidence from Italian Orthopedists Using 2 Different Stated Preference Methods
Authors: Armeni Patrizio , Meregaglia Michela , Borsoi Ludovica , Callea Giuditta , Torbica Aleksandra , Benazzo Francesco , Tarricone Rosanna 
Published: October 2023

Objectives Physician preference items (PPIs) are high-cost medical devices for which clinicians express firm preferences with respect to a particular manufacturer or product. This study aims to identify the most important factors in the choice of new PPIs (hip or knee prosthesis) and infer about the existence of possible response biases in using 2 alternative stated preference techniques. Methods Six key attributes with 3 levels each were identified based on a literature review and clinical experts’ opinions. An online survey was administered to Italian hospital orthopedists using type 1 best-worst scaling (BWS) and binary discrete choice experiment (DCE). BWS data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and conditional logit model. A mixed logit regression model was applied to DCE data, and willingness-to-pay (WTP) was estimated. All analyses were conducted using Stata 16. Results A sample of 108 orthopedists were enrolled. In BWS, the most important attribute was “clinical evidence,” followed by “quality of products,” while the least relevant items were “relationship with the sales representative” and “cost.” DCE results suggested instead that orthopedists prefer high-quality products with robust clinical evidence, positive health technology assessment recommendation and affordable cost, and for which they have a consolidated experience of use and a good relationship with the sales representative. Conclusions The elicitation of preferences for PPIs using alternative methods can lead to different results. The BWS of type 1, which is similar to a ranking exercise, seems to be more affected by acquiescent responding and social desirability than the DCE, which introduces tradeoffs in the choice task and is likely to reveal more about true preferences. Highlights Physician preference items (PPIs) are medical devices particularly exposed to physicians’ choice with regard to type of product and supplier. Some established techniques of collecting preferences can be affected by response biases such as acquiescent responding and social desirability. Discrete choice experiments, introducing more complex tradeoffs in the choice task, are likely to mitigate such biases and reveal true physicians’ preferences for PPIs.