bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of matrix clusters and trypsin autolysis fragments as mass calibrants in matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Harris William A. , Janecki Dariusz J. , Reilly James P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTrypsin autolysis fragments and matrix clusters are often observed as intense peaks in mass spectra of protein digests. It is demonstrated that these can be exploited to improve the mass calibration of a matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF) spectrometer. Interpretation of some of the autolysis masses is complicated by the existence of disulfide bonds. Surprisingly large matrix clusters are often visible for α‐cyano‐4‐hydroxy‐cinnamic acid. The fractional part of their masses differentiates them from protein digestion fragments. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Advantages and drawbacks of nanospray for studying noncovalent protein–DNA complexes by mass spectrometry
Authors: Gabelica Valérie , Vreuls Christelle , Filée Patrice , Duval Valérie , Joris Bernard , Pauw Edwin De 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe noncovalent complexes between the BlaI protein dimer (wild‐type and GM2 mutant) and its double‐stranded DNA operator were studied by nanospray mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Reproducibility problems in the nanospray single‐stage mass spectra are emphasized. The relative intensities depend greatly on the shape of the capillary tip and on the capillary‐cone distance. This results in difficulties in assessing the relative stabilities of the complexes simply from MS1 spectra of protein‐DNA mixtures. Competition experiments using MS/MS are a better approach to determine relative binding affinities. A competition between histidine‐tagged BlaIWT (BlaIWTHis) and the GM2 mutant revealed that the two proteins have similar affinities for the DNA operator, and that they co‐dimerize to form heterocomplexes. The low sample consumption of nanospray allows MS/MS spectra to be recorded at different collision energies for different charge states with 1 µL of sample. The MS/MS experiments on the dimers reveal that the GM2 dimer is more kinetically stable in the gas phase than the wild‐type dimer. The MS/MS experiments on the complexes shows that the two proteins require the same collision energy to dissociate from the complex. This indicates that the rate‐limiting step in the monomer loss from the protein‐DNA complex arises from the breaking of the protein‐DNA interface rather than the protein‐protein interface. The dissociation of the protein‐DNA complex proceeds by the loss of a highly charged monomer (carrying about two‐thirds of the total charge and one‐third of the total mass). MS/MS experiments on a heterocomplex also show that the two proteins BlaIWTHis and BlaIGM2 have slightly different charge distributions in the fragments. This emphasizes the need for better understanding the dissociation mechanisms of biomolecular complexes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential macrohabitat use by birds on the unregulated Ovens River floodplain of southeastern Australia
Authors: Parkinson Amber , Mac Nally Ralph , Quinn G. P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn many lowland floodplains around the world, upriver interferences to flows (weirs, dams, off‐takes) have led to much reduced frequency and duration of flooding. As a result, many floodplain wetlands are now inundated relatively rarely if at all. Given regulation of most lowland rivers in southeastern Australia, we assessed use of wetlands by birds in the essentially unregulated Ovens River in northeastern Victoria. Twelve sites (0.4–1.2 ha) were studied after flooding. Four sites were ‘permanent billabongs’, four were temporary wetlands and the other four were randomly selected woodland sites >60 m from the nearest water body (including the river) acting as ‘control’ or ‘reference’ sites. Aquatic birds were not recorded using woodland sites, but many species were differentially associated with either billabongs or temporary wetlands. A surprising number of non‐aquatic birds either exclusively or differentially were associated with wetland sites compared with woodland sites. We concluded that heterogeneous macrohabitat will increase local avian biodiversity on lowland floodplains. Moreover, densities and diversity of non‐aquatic, woodland species also increased with the presence of wetlands. Temporary wetlands were used differently from permanent billabongs by birds, especially in foraging methods. This suggests that the reinstatement of major flooding on heavily regulated floodplains would be ecologically advantageous for birds by providing foraging and breeding opportunities. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measurement of segregation to grain boundaries in ferritic steel using Auger electron spectroscopy
Authors: Flewitt P. E. J. , Moskovic R. , Wild R. K. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper describes an investigation to measure phosphorus, tin and nickel concentrations at a number of equivalent grain boundary surfaces on corresponding fracture faces for a 3.5 wt.% nickel–ferritic steel specimen using Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). Multivariate statistical analyses of the data have been adopted to determine the significance of measurements undertaken on a single fracture surface compared with data combined from corresponding grains from integral grain boundaries within the polycrystal. The results are discussed with respect to the observed correlations between the key parameters and previously published data on similar materials. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hierarchical statistical modelling of influenza epidemic dynamics in space and time
Authors: Mugglin Andrew S. , Cressie Noel , Gemmell Islay 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAn infectious disease typically spreads via contact between infected and susceptible individuals. Since the small‐scale movements and contacts between people are generally not recorded, available data regarding infectious disease are often aggregations in space and time, yielding small‐area counts of the number infected during successive, regular time intervals. In this paper, we develop a spatially descriptive, temporally dynamic hierarchical model to be fitted to such data. Disease counts are viewed as a realization from an underlying multivariate autoregressive process, where the relative risk of infection incorporates the space–time dynamic. We take a Bayesian approach, using Markov chain Monte Carlo to compute posterior estimates of all parameters of interest. We apply the methodology to an influenza epidemic in Scotland during the years 1989–1990. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Competing designs for phase I clinical trials: a review
Authors: Rosenberger William F. , Haines Linda M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPhase I clinical trials are typically small, uncontrolled studies designed to determine a maximum tolerated dose of a drug which will be used in further testing. Two divergent schools have developed in designing phase I clinical trials. The first defines the maximum tolerated dose as a statistic computed from data, and hence it is identified, rather than estimated. The second defines the maximum tolerated dose as a parameter of a monotonic dose–response curve, and hence is estimated. We review techniques from both philosophies. The goal is to present these methods in a single package, to compare them from philosophical and statistical grounds, to hopefully clear up some common misconceptions, and to make a few recommendations. This paper is not a review of simulation studies of these designs, nor does it present any new simulations comparing these designs. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance‐steered design of software architectures for embedded multicore systems
Authors: Bechini Alessio , Prete Cosimo Antonio 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMany software applications demanding a considerable computing power are moving towards the field of embedded systems (and, in particular, hand‐held devices). A possible way to increase the computing power of this kind of platform, so that both cost and power consumption are kept low, is the employment of multiple CPU cores on the same chipset. Consequently, it is essential to design applications that meet performance requirements leveraging the underlying parallel platform. As embedded applications are usually built using different components (whose source code is often not available) from different companies, the designer can mostly only operate at the architectural level. So far, methodologies for designing software architectures have mainly addressed general‐purpose systems, often relying on hardware platforms with a high degree of parallelism. In this paper, we present our experience in architectural design of parallel embedded applications; as a result, we propose a possible methodology for the application design at the architectural level, targeted to embedded systems built upon multicore chipsets with a low degree of parallelism. It makes use of performance predictions, obtained by simulations. Such a methodology can be employed both for retargeting existing sequential applications to parallel processing platforms and for designing complete applications from scratch. We show the application of the proposed methodology to an embedded digital cartographic system. Starting with a software description using UML diagrams, candidate software architectures (utilizing different parallel solutions) are first defined and then evaluated, to end with the selection of the one yielding the highest performance gain. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Specificity of synapse formation between Lymnaea heart motor neuron and muscle fiber is maintained in vitro in a soma–muscle configuration
Authors: Lee Thomas K.M. , Leung Alexander A.C. , Brezden Boris L. , Lukowiak Ken , Syed Naweed I. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPrecise neuronal connectivity during development is subservient to all nervous system functions in adult animals. However, the cellular mechanisms that mastermind this neuronal connectivity remain largely unknown. This lack of fundamental knowledge regarding nervous system development is due in part to the immense complexity of mammalian brain, as cell–cell interactions between defined sets of pre‐ and postsynaptic partners are often difficult to investigate directly. In this study, we developed a novel model system which has allowed us to reconstruct synapses between identified motor neurons and their target heart muscle cell in a soma–muscle configuration. Utilizing this soma–myocardial cell synapse model, we demonstrate that synapses between somata and heart muscle cells can be reconstructed in cell culture. The soma‐myocardial cell synapses required 12–24 h to develop and thus differed temporally from conventional neuromuscular synapses (seconds to a few minutes). We also demonstrate that the synapses are target cell‐type‐specific and are most likely independent of transmitter phenotypic characteristics of presynaptic neurons. Synapse 46:66–71, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Byssoloma Llimonae sp nov., from Continental Spain, Madeira and the Canary Islands
Authors: Sérusiaux E. , Gómez-Bolea A. , Longán A. , Lücking R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractByssoloma llimonae, a new species described from NE Spain, Madeira and the Canary Islands (Gomera, La Palma and Tenerife), is a mostly corticolous species, closely related to the more widespread and usually foliicolous Bapalmuia kakouettae (=Byssoloma aptrootii). The generic position of this group of species within the Pilocarpaceae is still unclear. The new combination Byssoloma kakouettae (Sérus.) R. Lücking & Sérus. is introduced.
Tamoxifen‐induced endometrial changes in postmenopausal women with breast carcinoma
Authors: Juneja M , Jose R , Kekre A.N , Viswanathan F , Seshadri L 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectives: To assess the effects of tamoxifen (TAM) on the endometrium in postmenopausal women. Methods: A case control study of postmenopausal women with breast carcinoma, who were undergoing treatment in the Department of Radiotherapy and Surgery at the Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India was done. Thirty‐five women who were on tamoxifen (20 mg/day) for a period of at least 6 months formed the study group. Thirty‐three women who were not receiving tamoxifen, formed the control group. Subjects in both groups had a pelvic examination and transvaginal sonogram followed by endometrial biopsy. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the mean endometrial thickness between the study group and control group (7.8±6.4 mm vs. 4.0±2.0 mm, respectively) More women in the tamoxifen group had an endometrial thickness of >5 mm but the number of women with polyps or hyperplasia of the endometrium did not differ significantly between the two groups. There were no women with endometrial carcinoma in either group. Conclusion: All patients on tamoxifen need to be evaluated by clinical examination annually. A transvaginal sonogram and endometrial biopsy/hysteroscopy may be performed on patients with abnormal vaginal bleeding, bloody discharge, staining or spotting.
Deliveries at a district hospital in Rwanda, 1997–2000
Authors: Rahlenbeck S , Hakizimana C 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectives: To obtain data on pregnancy outcomes and maternal mortality at a district hospital in Rwanda. Methods: All delivery records from January 1997 to December 2000 were reviewed. Results: Over the 4‐year period, 3408 women delivered a total of 3497 neonates, and 349 stillbirths (10%) occurred. The mean birthweight (twins excluded) was 3097 g and decreased significantly from 3160 g in 1997 to 3043 g in 2000. The prevalence of low birthweight was 12.5%. The mean age of women was 26.2 years. Cesarean section was done in 26% of deliveries at the hospital, equaling a cesarean section rate of 1.1% in the population. Nineteen maternal deaths occurred, yielding a (hospital) maternal mortality rate of 600 per 100 000 live births. Uterine rupture occurred in 52 women, of whom six died (11.5%). Conclusions: Efforts to educate women at risk to deliver at a health center, and early referral of women to the hospital should be reinforced. The reduction of mean birthweight is of concern and reasons for this need to be analyzed.
Endometriosis: current concepts and therapy
Authors: Valle R.F 
Published: October 2002

AbstractEndometriosis is the growth of endometrial tissue in ectopic locations. The clinical picture is extremely pleiomorphic, which can make the diagnosis difficult. Despite 70 years of theories and experimentation, the cause is not clear, and it is likely that more than one mechanism is at work in most patients. Both medical and surgical treatments are available. In each case, the woman and her physician should formulate a comprehensive treatment plan that addresses the primary complaint as well as the patient's reproductive desires.
Why should marketing and manufacturing work together?
Authors: Hausman Warren H. , Montgomery David B. , Roth Aleda V. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper presents an exploratory investigation of the manufacturing/marketing (hereafter M/M) interface. Drawing on the literature and prior empirical work in M/M strategies, we propose a path model for assessing the mediating impact of the M/M interface harmony—the functions’ ability to work together—on M/M morale and business performance. Using two convenience samples of executives, we empirically test the direct and indirect influence of predisposing factors (antecedents) and performance outcomes (consequences) that are expected theoretically to influence or be influenced by M/M interface harmony.We find that 11 of the 13 hypothesized direct effects are significant at the 0.012 level or below; and attesting to the mediating influence of the M/M ability to work together, 11 of the 12 indirect effects were significant at the 0.02 level or below. Increasing the emphasis on the importance of marketing or manufacturing, or both, improves the ability of both functions to work harmoniously, which in turn impacts M/M morale. Interfunctional harmony appears to have a stronger influence on each function’s morale than the importance attached to that function, ceteris paribus. Contrary to conventional wisdom, the study provides insight on the distinctive roles whereby marketing and manufacturing functions influence performance. Marketing acts to improve competitive position and profitability through the mediating influence of M/M interface harmony and improved marketing morale. However, manufacturing morale was not shown to be a significant factor impacting performance. Rather, emphasis on manufacturing impacts competitive position directly, as indicated by the resource‐based view of manufacturing strategy. This exploratory study provides new empirical evidence that the M/M interface harmony, as expressed by the functions’ ability to work together, matters significantly to business outcomes directly and indirectly.
Asymptotic behavior of ground states of quasilinear elliptic problems with two vanishing parameters
Authors: Gazzola Filippo , Serrin James 
Published: October 2002

We study the asymptotic behavior of the radially symmetric ground state solution of a quasilinear elliptic equation involving the

m

-Laplacian. The case of two vanishing parameters is considered: we show that these two parameters have opposite effects on the asymptotic behavior. Moreover the results highlight a suprising phenomenon: different asymptotic are obtained according to whether

n>m^2

or

n⩽m^2

, where

n

is the dimension of the underlying space.

Résumé

Nous étudions le comportement asymptotique de l'état fondamental à symétrie radiale d'une équation elliptique quasilinéaire contenant le

m

-Laplacien. Le cas de deux paramètres tendant vers 0 est considéré : nous montrons que ces deux paramètres sont en compétition. Les résultats obtenus découvrent un nouveau surprenant phénomène : deux comportements asymptotiques complètement différents sont obtenus suivant une relation entre le paramètre

m

et la dimension

n

de l'espace.
GH‐independent cardiotropic activities of hexarelin in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction due to dilated and ischemic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Imazio M. , Bobbio M. , Broglio F. , Benso A. , Podio V. , Valetto M.R. , Bisi G. , Ghigo E. , Trevi G.P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAim:To investigate acute cardiotropic activities of hexarelin in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction due to ischemic (iCMP) and dilated cardiomyopathy (dCMP).Methods and results:We studied the effect of intravenous hexarelin administration on growth hormone (GH) levels and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) evaluated by radionuclide angiography in eight patients with dCMP (age 53.0±2.8, LVEF 16.7±2.1%) and five patients with iCMP (age 52.0±2.8 years, LVEF 22.6±2.1). Results were compared with a group of seven normal subjects (age 37.4±3.4 years, LVEF 64.0±1.5%) and seven patients with severe growth‐hormone deficiency (GHD; age 42.0±4.4 years, LVEF 50.0±1.9%) previously studied with the same methodology. In dCMP and iCMP patients hexarelin induced a similar significant (P<0.05) increase in GH levels. In iCMP patients hexarelin induced a LVEF increase (peak LVEF 26.2±2.5%, P<0.05) as observed in normals and GHD, while in dCMP LVEF was unchanged (peak LVEF 17.7±1.7, P ‐ NS). In all groups other hemodynamic parameters were unchanged.Conclusions:Acute hexarelin administration increases LVEF in iCMP patients (as in normals and GHD) but not in dCMP patients in spite of a similar GH releasing effect and basal LVEF. A possible explanation of the positive inotropic effect of hexarelin in iCMP could be a direct stimulation on viable myocardium or myocardial contractile reserve.
STOCHASTIC DYNAMICS OF A COUPLED ATMOSPHERE–OCEAN MODEL
Authors: DUAN JINQIAO , GAO HONGJUNG , SCHMALFUß BJÖRN 
Published: October 2002

The investigation of the coupled atmosphere-ocean system is not only scientifically challenging but also practically important. We consider a coupled atmosphere-ocean model, which involves hydrodynamics, thermodynamics, and random atmospheric dynamics due to short time influences at the air–sea interface. We reformulate this model as a random dynamical system. First, we have shown that the asymptotic dynamics of the coupled atmosphere-ocean model is described by a random climatic attractor. Second, we have estimated the atmospheric temperature evolution under oceanic feedback, in terms of the freshwater flux, heat flux and the external fluctuation at the air–sea interface, as well as the earth's longwave radiation coefficient and the shortwave solar radiation profile. Third, we have demonstrated that this system has finite degree of freedom by presenting a finite set of determining functionals in probability. Finally, we have proved that the coupled atmosphere-ocean model is ergodic under suitable conditions for physical parameters and randomness, and thus for any observable of the coupled atmosphere-ocean flows, its time average approximates the statistical ensemble average, as long as the time interval is sufficiently long.
Significant Effect of Carbonate Ions on the Photooxidation of Water on Mesoporous TiO2 Film Electrodes
Authors: Sayama Kazuhiro , Augustynski Jan , Arakawa Hironori 
Published: October 2002

Abstract
Carbonate ions cause a net increase of the saturation photocurrent as well as the occurrence of a stepwise photocurrent/potential (I/V) characteristic for the photooxidation of water at a nanocrystalline TiO2 photoanode deposited on the conducting glass.
Exploring white matter tracts in band heterotopia using diffusion tractography
Authors: Eriksson Sofia H. , Symms Mark R. , Rugg‐Gunn Fergus J. , Boulby Philip A , Wheeler‐Kingshott Claudia A. M. , Barker Gareth J. , Duncan John S. , Parker Geoffrey J. M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBand heterotopia is a malformation of cortical development characterized by bands of gray matter in the white matter parallel to the surface of the neocortex. Histopathological studies have suggested that small white matter tracts pass through the heterotopia, and functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have shown activation in the malformation. We used diffusion tractography to explore the anatomical connectivity of band heterotopia and, in particular, whether in vivo white matter tracts traverse the heterotopic gray matter. Five patients with band heterotopia and five control subjects were scanned with whole brain diffusion tensor imaging. Anisotropy maps were calculated. Using fast marching tractography, we produced maps of connectivity and tract traces from two seed points, in the splenium of the corpus callosum and the right parietal lobe. Eigenvectors were found to pass through the band heterotopia in an aligned fashion. Patterns for maps of connectivity were similar in patients and control subjects. Areas of high connectivity were found in the band heterotopia and in cortical areas on the far side of the malformation from the seed point. The tracts hence appeared to traverse or end within the band heterotopia. The results are in agreement with previous histopathological studies and indicate the structural basis of the functional connectivity and absence of focal deficits in these patients.