bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acacia species and rhizobial interactions: Implications for restoration of native vegetation
Authors: Murray By Brad R. , Thrall Peter H. , Woods Matthew J. 
Published: March 2003

Summary For successful restoration of native vegetation on nitrogen‐depauperate soils, an understanding of nitrogen‐fixing relationships between plant host species and their bacterial symbionts is critical. Each of three geographically restricted Acacia species (A. fulva, A. nano‐dealbata, and A. trachyphloia) and three widely distributed species (A. dealbata, A. implexa, and A. melanoxylon) were inoculated with 20 different rhizobial (Bradyrhizobium spp.) strains. The strains comprised two obtained from each of 10 different host species, including the six Acacia species listed above plus a further four species, A. cangaiensis, A. cincinnata, A. deanei, A. mearnsii. Neither restricted nor widely distributed species grew more effectively with their own strains than with strains isolated from other species. Thus, host species with restricted geographical ranges did not demonstrate greater specialization in their symbiotic associations with rhizobia than widespread species. Highly significant variation was observed between the strains obtained from each host species with respect to their ability to promote effective plant growth across all host species. In many cases, strains that were highly effective at promoting growth for one host species, were comparatively ineffective in combination with other host species. Strains thus exhibited host specificity in their ability to fix nitrogen. These findings indicate that choosing appropriate rhizobial strains for inoculation prior to revegetation is critical and should be made carefully for both restricted and widespread species.Key words distribution, nitrogen fixation, revegetation, symbiotic interactions.
The value of ‘bat boxes’ for attracting hollow‐dependent fauna to farm forestry plantations in southeast Queensland
Authors: Smith Geoffrey C. , Agnew Gordon 
Published: March 2003

Summary Small artificial nest/roost boxes, originally designed for microbats,
were deployed in three farm forest plantations and at one native forest site in southeast
Queensland in order to assess their use by vertebrates and their contribution toward
enhancing biodiversity in plantation forests through the provision of habitat. Two
sites were located in a relatively ‘intact’ forest landscape (SF 351
and Strano) and two sites in a more ‘fragmented’ or ‘variegated’
landscape (Askham and Thomas). Twenty‐four boxes were placed at each site over an
area covering approximately 1.2–1.8 ha. Each site was checked from five (SF
351) to nine (Askham) times between April 1996 and November 2000. The artificial
nest/roost boxes were attractive to a range of small fauna that included Feathertail
Gliders (Acrobates pygmaeus), Sugar Gliders (Petaurus breviceps), Squirrel
Gliders (Petaurus norfolcensis) and the Yellow‐footed Marsupial Mouse (Antechinus
flavipes), all of which constructed nests inside boxes. Gould’s Long‐eared
Bats (Nyctophilus gouldi) used boxes primarily as roosts and maternity sites. In general, fewer animals were recorded in boxes at the two sites located within a relatively ‘intact’ landscape, while the highest numbers of animals were recorded in boxes in two farm forest plantations within ‘variegated’ landscapes. The availability of alternative natural hollows and landscape factors appear to be important determinants of the extent to which boxes are occupied. The present study indicates that the biodiversity of farm forests can be enhanced through simple habitat manipulation utilizing artificial roosting or nesting boxes.Key words Antechinus, biodiversity, farm forestry, glider, marsupial, microbat,
nest box, roost.
Ocular decompression retinopathy after resolution of acute primary angle closure glaucoma
Authors: Nah Gerard , Aung Tin , Yip Chee Chew 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTA patient presented with acute primary angle closure glaucoma with markedly elevated intraocular pressure. Two weeks after laser peripheral iridotomy and resolution of the acute attack, the patient was noted to have developed scattered retinal haemorrhages. The haemorrhages resolved over time with no visual sequelae. This is the first reported case of ocular decompression retinopathy after resolution of acute primary angle closure glaucoma.
Cyanoacrylate glue for corneal perforations: a description of a surgical technique and a review of the literature
Authors: Vote Brendan Jt , Elder Mark J 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTThe effective early application of a cyanoacrylate glue corneal patch can aid in the management of small corneal perforations, corneal melts and wound leaks. Their use gives improved visual outcomes with reduced enucleation rates (6%vs 19%). It may also avoid the need for tectonic penetrating keratoplasty.Cyanoacrylate glue prevents re‐epithelialization into the zone of damaged and naked stroma and prevents the development of the critical setting for collagenase production that leads to stromal melting. Cyanoacrylates also have significant bacteriostatic activity against Gram‐positive organisms.We describe a simple and easily reproducible method of cyanoacrylate corneal patch application, with neglible risk of inadvertent glue complications. It has the further advantage of a smooth corneal surface rather than an irregular surface as often occurs with direct application methods.With corneal application, the major concern is toxicity of cyanoacrylates through direct contact with the corneal endothelium and lens. Fibrin glues may be less toxic; however, they are not as readily available. The longer alkyl chains of currently available cyanoacrylate glues (e.g. Histoacryl) slows degradation significantly, limiting accumulation of histotoxic by‐products to amounts that can be effectively eliminated by tissues. Vigilance in monitoring for infection/corneal infiltrate is necessary at all times, especially when the glue has been present for more than 6 weeks.Corneal patching with cyanoacrylate glue is a temporizing procedure only, buying time to allow healing secondary to medical treatment of the underlying condition, or allowing surgery to be elective and under more optimal conditions once inflammation has been reduced and the integrity of the globe restored.
Coexistent adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis and Acanthamoeba keratitis
Authors: Gajdatsy Adam D , Kosmin Alan , Barrett Graham D 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTA 17‐year‐old youth presented with bilateral follicular conjunctivitis and nummular subepithelial corneal infiltrates. Failure of this to settle in an outpatient setting led to corneal scraping with microscopy and culturing for bacteria, fungi, Herpes simplex, adenovirus and Acanthamoeba as an inpatient. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of corneal cells was positive for adenovirus, and culture on live Escherichia coli‐ coated agar plates was positive for Acanthamoeba by phase contrast microscopy on day two.We conclude that Acanthamoeba infection can complicate adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis. This observation is in keeping with previously reported modes of infection by Acanthamoeba, whereby any epithelial breach seems to allow inoculation of the eye by this opportunistic organism.
Trichiasis in Aboriginal people of the Kimberley region of Western Australia
Authors: Mak Donna B , Plant Aileen J 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT Background: Trachoma is a significant public health problem in the Kimberley region of Western Australia. The prevalence of follicular trachoma in the region has been well documented and control of active trachoma is well established. In contrast, trichiasis prevalence in recent years is less well documented. This study aimed to determine trichiasis prevalence in the Kimberley population and to document an appropriate intervention. Methods: A collaborative programme was established involving the Kimberley Public Health Unit, Kimberley Aged Care Services and the visiting ophthalmology service. After training, medical students screened the aged‐care population for trichiasis and the aged‐care services staff were educated about identification and referral procedures for patients with trichiasis. The Kimberley Public Health Unit was responsible for ensuring specialist assessment, and correction, of trichiasis and appropriate post‐treatment follow up. Results: A total of 597 Kimberley Aboriginal people aged 50 years or more were screened for trichiasis, representing 42% of that age group. Trichiasis was suspected in 40 people. Of the 28 people with suspected trichiasis who underwent ophthalmological assessment, 17 were found to have trachomatous trichiasis. The observed prevalence of trachomatous trichiasis was 2.8%. The trichiasis screening programme has been adopted by most aged‐care organizations in the Kimberley. Conclusions: The results show that trichiasis continues to affect elderly Aboriginal people, especially those from Halls Creek Shire. Health professionals and aged‐care workers should be alert to the possibility of this preventable cause of blindness and work collaboratively to ensure that patients receive timely and appropriate treatment.
Gene expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in mouse eye infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Xue Mei‐Lang , Thakur Archana , Willcox Mark 
Published: March 2003

AbstractOcular infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa triggers
extensive host inflammatory response and corneal damage. The purpose
of present study was to investigate the gene expression of pro‐inflammatory
mediators interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α),
macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)‐2 and cytokine‐induced neutrophil
chemo­attractant (KC) in the mouse eye challenged with P. aeruginosa. Scratched
mouse corneas were infected with three phenotypes of P. aeruginosa individually.
Total RNA was extracted from mouse eyes at 4 h, 8 h,
16 h and 24 h post‐challenge. Single stranded
cDNA was synthesized from total RNA by reverse transcription and
then subjected to poly­merase chain reaction (PCR) using
specific primers for IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α, MIP‐2
and KC. Results revealed three patterns of cytokines and chemokines
expression in response to ocular infection with three phenotypes
of P. aeruginosa. Ocular infection with the invasive
strain induced the highest levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6, MIP‐2
and KC mRNA, followed by the infection with the cytotoxic strain.
Ocular infection with the CLARE strain induced the lowest levels
of IL‐1β, IL‐6, MIP‐2 and KC mRNA. The expression of TNF‐α mRNA
was very low and irregular following P. aeruginosa challenge.
These data indicate that over‐expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines
and chemo­k­ines may represent a vigorous immune
response and therefore may contribute to corneal damage during P. aeruginosa infection.
Vitreous surgery in highly myopic retinal detachment resulting from a macular hole
Authors: Lu Lin , Li Yonghao , Cai Shengshi , Yang Jiu 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Purpose: This study aimed to assess the therapeutic effect of vitreous surgery in conjunction with photocoagulation for highly myopic retinal detachment resulting from a macular hole. Methods: Sixty‐two consecutive highly myopic patients (65 eyes) with retinal detachment from macular holes underwent vitreous surgery. Gas tamponade in conjunction with laser photocoagulation was performed in 46 eyes (44 cases, group 1); gas tamponade only was performed in 12 eyes (11 cases, group 2); and silicone oil tamponade only was performed in seven eyes (seven cases, group 3). Additional laser photocoagulation was given in group 1 if necessary. The anatomical and functional success rates were compared between the groups. Results: Primary retinal reattachment was achieved in 43 eyes (93.5%) in group 1, seven eyes (58.3%) in group 2 and four eyes (57.1%) in group 3. Final visual acuity was 6/60 or more in 24 eyes (52.2%) in group 1, in six eyes (50.0%) in group 2 and in three eyes (42.9%) in group 3. The initial retinal reattachment rate was significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2 (P = 0.0075) and group 3 (P = 0.0248). The macular hole was completely closed in 18 eyes in group 1 and one eye in group 2 after 2 months or longer. A thin fibrous membrane and scar could be easily noticed beneath the macula in 15 eyes. Conclusion: Vitreous surgery in conjunction with laser photo­coagulation can improve the surgical success rate for highly myopic retinal detachment resulting from a macular hole.
Orbital and adnexal cysticercosis
Authors: Pushker Neelam , Bajaj Mandeep S , Betharia Subhash M 
Published: March 2003

AbstractOrbital and adnexal cysticercosis is emerging as a far commoner disease than previously considered, both in endemic and nonendemic areas of cysticercosis. A review of the literature on orbital and adnexal cysticercosis found that it has a predilection for children and young adults with no definite sex predilection. The extraocular muscle form is the commonest type of orbital and adnexal cysticercosis. Lodgement of cysts in the subconjunctival space is another common site, followed by the eyelid, optic nerve, retro‐orbital space and lacrimal gland. Association of orbital cysticercosis with systemic cysticercosis is quite rare. The clinical manifestations of orbital or adnexal cysticercosis are entirely different and depend on the location, size, relation to adjacent structures and stage of evolution of the cyst. Diagnosis of cysticercosis is based mainly on orbital imaging because of its highly specific appearance. Tissue diagnosis is not essential for initiating treatment. Medical therapy is the recommended treatment for the extraocular muscle form and retro‐orbital cysticer‐cosis. Surgical removal is advocated for subconjunctival and eyelid cysticercosis. Because of the limited number of cases of optic nerve and lacrimal gland cysticercosis, their treatment is controversial.
Methotrexate‐induced optic neuropathy
Authors: Balachandran Chandra , McCluskey Peter J , Champion G David , Halmagyi G Michael 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA 53‐year‐old Caucasian woman with long‐standing, well controlled, severe rheumatoid arthritis, treated with metho­trexate, salazopyrin, naprosyn, prednisone and plaquenil, presented with progressive visual loss in each eye. She had a past history of non‐necrotizing anterior scleritis that was treated with increased doses of prednisone. She developed left then right central scotomas, reduced vision and optic atrophy. Eventually a diagnosis of methotrexate‐induced optic atrophy was made.
Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in an Aboriginal Australian population: results from the Katherine Region Diabetic Retinopathy Study (KRDRS). Report no. 1
Authors: Jaross Nandor , Ryan Philip , Newland Henry 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Background: The Katherine Region Diabetic Retinopathy Study (KRDRS) was carried out in the Lower Top End of the Northern Territory of Australia between 1993 and 1996 as part of the Northern Territory Eye Health Program. It investigated diabetic eye conditions and its determinants in the Aboriginal Australian population of the region. Methods: The study provided cross‐sectional data about diabetic retinopathy in the Aboriginal diabetic population of the Katherine region in 1993 and in 1996. A total of 234 people with diabetes were examined in 1993 and 243 in 1996. Results: The prevalence of retinopathy was 18% in 1993 and 21% in 1996. The respective findings for maculopathy were 13% and 10%, for clinically significant macula oedema 8% and 6%, for proliferative stage subject retinopathy 0.9 and 1.3% and for vision‐threatening retinopathy 8.5% and 6.7%. In 1993 the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was 18% in the four major centres compared with 16% in the smaller communities. The findings for 1996 were 25% and 13%, respectively. In 1993 the prevalence of vision‐threatening retinopathy was 8% in major centres compared with 7% in other communities. The findings for 1996 were 7% and 8%, respectively. Sex was not significantly related to the prevalence of retinopathy. Conclusion: Diabetic retinopathy is as much a problem in Aboriginal communities as in the wider Australian population but presents a unique set of challenges for health services and for clinicians.
Pathogenesis of orbital cholesterol granuloma
Authors: Selva Dinesh , Phipps Simon E , O'Connell John X , White Valerie A , Rootman Jack 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTwo cases are presented of orbital cholesterol granuloma associated with gradual proptosis arising in men aged 35 and 41 years. Computed tomography demonstrated osteo­lytic masses in the frontal bone at the lacrimal fossa. Curettage revealed a characteristic histology of foreign body reactions surrounding cholesterol clefts. In both cases abnormal bone, more consistent with fibrous dysplasia than reactive change, was found at the periphery. The finding of abnormal bone associated with orbital cholesterol granulomas suggests that a pre‐existing bone anomaly may be present in a subset of these cases.
MAGNIFYING ENDOSCOPY OF THE GASTRIC BODY: A COMPARISON OF THE FINDINGS BEFORE and AFTER ERADICATION OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI
Authors: Yagi Kazuyoshi , Nakamura Atsuo , Sekine Atsuo 
Published: March 2003

Gastric mucosal changes observed by magnifying endoscopy before and after eradication of Helicobacter pylori have not been investigated, although histological changes have been reported. In a previous paper, we described the principal features of the gastric body of the H. pylori‐negative normal stomach observed by magnifying endoscopy. In this report, we describe the magnified features of the gastric body before and after successful eradication of H. pylori. On the basis of these magnified features, we tried to determine whether eradication had been successful in 54 patients by examining their magnified views. We also observed the lesser curvatures of patients over 1 year after successful eradication and evaluated the correlations between the magnified features and histological grade of atrophy.1. The following three features of magnified views after successful eradication were observed: (i) erythema and/or swelling of the areas between the gastric pits disappeared; (ii) white pits became pinhole‐like; and (iii) collecting venules became visible.2. Successful eradication was diagnosed in 50 patients according to their magnified features and culture and histological examination proved that eradication had been successful in them all. Unsuccessful eradication was diagnosed in four patients, because they either had white, not pinhole‐like, pits or erythema of the areas between the pits. Culture and histological studies revealed that eradication had been unsuccessful in three of them, but culture, histological examination and the urea breath test proved it had been successful in the other.3. Magnified views of the lesser curvature of the lower body of patients over 1 year after successful eradication were classified into two types; one comprised pinhole‐like pits and a network of capillaries and the other comprised tubular structures. The atrophic grade of biopsy specimens from patients with the former type was significantly lower than that of patients with the latter features.Magnifying endoscopy was developed in order to observe the gastric mucosa in more detail than is possible with standard endoscopy, in the hope that the views obtained would enable diagnosis of certain conditions to be made without the need for biopsy. Examination of the magnified views produced by this technique enables H. pylori eradication to be diagnosed and the grade of histological atrophy to be estimated.
DEVELOPMENT OF REAL‐TIME ENDOSCOPIC IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY: ADAPTIVE INDEX OF HEMOGLOBIN COLOR ENHANCEMENT PROCESSING
Authors: Nakamura Kazunari 
Published: March 2003

A depressing type of early cancer has recently been focused on. From the endoscopy point of view, it is said that this type of cancer can be identified with change in color tone such as reddening or discoloration. With the structural enhancement processing incorporated into EVIP‐230 and CV‐240, mucosal minute patterns can be made clear by the enhancement processing; however, in theory, this is not regarded as being suitable to enhance slight difference of color tone itself. In addition, even if the number of pixels of the CCD is increased and resolution is improved, it is not likely that slight color tone change is made clear. However, with the index of hemoglobin (IHb) color enhancement processing incorporated into EVIP‐230 the following improvements have been made.1. Red component of the image is easily saturated.2. Because of the enhancement processing, noise becomes noticeable at dark part, and halation is likely to be seen at light part.In order to solve the above problems and realize the best enhancement processing for endoscopic images, we developed the adaptive IHb color enhancement processing system which performs the most suitable enhancement processing adaptively according to condition of each image and each pixel.
INFLUENCE OF TOPICAL EPINEPHRINE APPLICATION ON MICROCIRCULATORY DISTURBANCE IN SUBJECTS WITH ULCERATIVE COLITIS EVALUATED BY LASER DOPPLER FLOWMETRY AND TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
Authors: Igawa Morihito , Miyaoka Masaaki , Saitoh Toshihiko 
Published: March 2003

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the state of local microcirculation in ulcerative colitis.Methods: Rectal blood flow was measured in 26 subjects with ulcerative colitis and in 10 normal subjects by laser Doppler flowmetry before and after topical spray of epinephrine during colonoscopy. Of those subjects, mucosal capillaries were observed by transmission electron microscopy in eight subjects with ulcerative colitis and in four normal subjects.Results: The blood flow was significantly higher in subjects with active ulcerative colitis than in normal subjects or in subjects with inactive ulcerative colitis, with the difference being significantly different in subjects with ulcerative colitis and in normal subjects following topical epinephrine spray. The capillaries were almost devoid of erythrocytes in subjects with active ulcerative colitis and the frequency of capillaries with erythrocytes in subjects with active ulcerative colitis before and after epinephrine application did not differ.Conclusions: These results indicate that the mucosal microcirculation in subjects with active ulcerative colitis showed ischemia and functional disorder. Further, continuous measurement of blood flow in subjects with active ulcerative colitis may be a useful method for evaluating the changes in microcirculation.
PREDICTION OF RECURRENCE AFTER ENDOSCOPIC TREATMENT FOR ESOPHAGEAL VARICES: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ESOPHAGEAL VARICEAL PRESSURE
Authors: Ohira Masaichi , Yoshikawa Kazuhiko , Hori Takeshi , Shimizu Sadatoshi , Yamashita Yoshito , Yamada Nobuya , Sawada Tetsuji , Nishino Hiroji , Sowa Michio , Hirakawa Kosei 
Published: March 2003

Background: We investigated the factors influencing esophageal variceal recurrence after endoscopic treatment on the basis of 25 variceal patients who were measured for esophageal variceal pressure, which had been reported to have a close relationship to variceal rupture.Method: Six patients (24.0%) showed variceal recurrence during follow‐up periods of up to 60 months. Clinical, biochemical, endoscopic and portal hemodynamic parameters were analyzed by univariate analysis in order to determine variceal recurrence.Results: The cumulative risk of variceal recurrence was greater in patients with F3 varices (P = 0.027), and esophageal variceal pressure (EVP) ≥ 15 mmHg (P = 0.021). It was not significantly related to any clinical, biochemical parameter. Large portosystemic collaterals, which were not concerned with esophageal varices, were demonstrated in five patients who had never showed variceal recurrence; all of their EVP were under 15 mmHg.Conclusion: It is suggested that the form of varices and EVP, which may reflect a part of portal hemodynamics, are the most reliable factors for predicting variceal recurrence.