bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Horizontal Drilling and Landing in Thin Reservoir with Interbedding Laminated Formations with Geosteering and Formation Sampling While Drilling in Single Complex BHA
Authors: Soong A. , Azmee K. , Farah K. , Sabrina N. , Gao H. , Gordon H. , Mandal D. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Thin challenging reservoirs have often been overlooked due to their uneconomical nature. Humongous amount of produce-able zones are thus left behind in most parts of the world. Field BC has been producing for 3 decades from more accessible reservoirs to good measure. To extend the life of the field, more wells were planned to penetrate into untapped sand reservoirs.
Of the 5 wells planned, 2 wells were designed to land in thin sand reservoirs (~20 ft thickness) with laminated shale-sand layers in between. Horizontal sections of (3500 ft) were planned to maximize exposure in pay zone. This paper aspires to share actual challenges, mitigations and results of drilling the horizontal wells. Conventional methods of geosteering drilling, relying on deep resistivity signal as formation boundary indicator was deemed risky in this situation due to the reported low resistivity contrast between hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon.
This paper explores the challenges and resolves them via combination of tailor made BHA configuration, drilling mud design and special drilling practices. Results from the engineering and execution of drilling this horizontal section should be emulated elsewhere around the world should similar challenging reservoir be encountered.
SMEP Alarm Management Transformation
Authors: Ahmad M. L. , Ahmed S. U. , Yong S. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
SHELL MALAYSIA EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION (SMEP) Alarm Management journey started back in 2011 as a result of Process Safety Basic Requirement 9 (PSBR9). Alarm management is considered a critical part of Operational Excellence as poor alarm management is recognized as one of the key factors contributing to major process safety incidents that occurred previously in the Esso Longford Gas Plant and BP's Texas City Refinery explosions. In depth understanding of Alarm Management will help improve Process Safety along with increasing the reliability of any plant.
SMEP is considered a pioneer in Malaysia's upstream business when it comes to establishing Alarm Management within Operated Assets. As a result, our in-house expertise was requested by the regulators to assist and share our best practices with other oil and gas majors within Malaysia. A number of challenges were faced as the whole changes in the Operating philosophy along with people's behaviors and mindset. Persistence was also required to encourage the whole organization to further emulate these changes as part of the SMEP CONTINOUS IMPROVEMENT journey.
SMEP has seen tremendous improvements in Alarm Management moving from offline Master Alarm Database (MAD) to Online MAD; Manual Alarm Bad Actor reporting to auto generate Bad Actor and making further use of alarms for troubleshooting and incident investigations. SMEP started with an average facility having more than 100 alarms per hour to 6 alarms per hour, meeting the global standards set and are now looking forward to reducing this to 2.4 alarm per hours, which would be Best in Class within current operations.
CT angiographic patterns predict carotid pseudo-occlusion in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Sachithanandan Sayooja , Ramachandran Harikrishnan , Jayadevan ER , Kannath Santhosh K. , Sreedharan Sapna E. , Sylaja PN 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Identifying carotid pseudo-occlusion (PO) from true occlusion (TO) has implications in determining the candidacy and feasibility of successful endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS).

Purpose:
We reviewed the computed tomography angiographic (CTA) patterns differentiating a PO from a TO and analyzed the rate of successful recanalization after EVT.

Materials and Methods:
Patients with AIS and proximal internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion who underwent EVT from 2014 to 2021 were identified. The patterns of carotid occlusion in CTA were classified into beak, dome, and flat patterns and correlated with microcatheter digital subtraction angiography (DSA) as PO and TO. The rates of successful recanalization in PO and TO were analyzed.

Results:
Of the 24 patients, 16 (66%) had ICA PO and eight (33%) had TO in DSA. A beak pattern of the proximal ICA on CTA was significantly higher among the PO group patients (87.5% vs. 25%, P = 0.005), and a flat pattern was significantly higher among the TO group patients (50% vs. 12%, P = 0.005). A gradual contrast decline of the proximal ICA on CTA images was seen only in PO group patients (85.7% vs. 0%, P = 0.05). There was no significant difference in the rate of successful recanalization between PO and TO group patients (81.25% vs. 62.5%, P = 0.362).

Conclusion:
Beak pattern and gradual contrast decline at the proximal ICA occlusion site in CTA are suggestive of carotid PO. Identification of PO in CTA can help in planning intervention strategies and prognostication.
Effect of 4-META on microtensile bond strength of cements to ceramics
Authors: Nafisifard Maliheh , Alaghehmand Homayoon , Soleimani Laleh , Mokhtarpour Faraneh 
Published: February 2024

Background:
This study assessed the effect of different concentrations of 4-methacryloyloxyethy trimellitate anhydride (4-META) added to silane on microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of light-cure and dual-cure resin cement to hybrid and zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramics.

Materials and Methods:
This in vitro, experimental study was conducted on 32 Celtra Duo and 32 VITA Enamic ceramics bonded to Allcem Veneer light-cure and Allcem dual-cure resin cements using silane impregnated with 4-META in 0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10 wt% concentrations in 16 groups (n = 4). The µTBS of specimens was measured by a universal testing machine and analyzed by the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests, and the mode of failure was determined under a stereomicroscope and analyzed by the Chi-square test (alpha = 0.05).

Results:
The lowest mean µTBS was recorded in the Enamic ceramic group with 4-META (0%) bonded to dual-cure cement (14.26 MPa), and the highest mean µTBS was recorded in Enamic ceramic with 4-META (10%) bonded to light-cure cement (18.59 MPa) (P < 0.001). The µTBS of Celtra Duo was significantly higher than that of Enamic in bonding to light-cure cement using 4-META (2.5%) (P = 0.003). All failures (100%) were adhesive in most groups. The frequency of adhesive failure was the lowest (90%) in Celtra Duo bonded to dual-cure cement with 4-META (5%).

Conclusion:
According to the results of this pilot study, the addition of 4-META (10%) to silane caused a significant improvement in µTBS to light-cure cement. The addition of 4-META in all concentrations significantly improved the µTBS to Enamic ceramic in the use of dual-cure cement; however, it had no significant effect on µTBS of Celtra Duo. Nonetheless, the results should be interpreted with caution due to the relatively small sample size.
Comparison of Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II and American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) scoring system in predicting postoperative mortality in patients undergoing emergency laparotomy: A retrospective study
Authors: Doda Pallavi , Kerai Sukhyanti , Chauhan Kanika , Manchanda Vineet , Saxena Kirti N. , Mishra Anurag 
Published: February 2024

Background and Aims:
There is paucity of studies on preoperative risk assessment tools in patients undergoing emergency surgery. The present study evaluated the performance of the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II, American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) surgical risk calculator and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status (PS) classification system in patients undergoing emergency exploratory laparotomy.

Methods:
This retrospective study included 60 adult patients who underwent emergency exploratory laparotomy for perforation peritonitis. The clinical details, ASA PS classification, laboratory investigations and postoperative course of patients were retrieved from their medical records. Based on these details, APACHE II and ACS-NSQIP were calculated for the patients. The study’s primary outcome was the accuracy of the preoperative APACHE II, ACS-NSQIP risk calculator and ASA PS class in predicting the postoperative 30-day mortality of patients.

Results:
The area under the curve (AUC) of APACHE II, ACS-NSQIP score, and ASA PS classification for mortality 30 days after surgery was 0.737, 0.694 and 0.601, respectively. The P value for the Hosmer–Lemeshow (H–L) test of scoring systems was 0.05, 0.25 and 0.05, respectively. AUC for postoperative complications was 0.799 for APACHE II, 0.683 for ACS-NSQIP and 0.601 for ASA PS classification. H–L test of these scoring systems for complications after surgery revealed P values of 0.62, 0.36 and 0.53, respectively.

Conclusion:
Compared to the ACS-NSQIP and ASA PS classification system, the APACHE II score has a better discriminative ability for postoperative complications and mortality in adult patients undergoing emergency exploratory laparotomy.
Effects of propofol intravenous general anesthesia and inhalational anesthesia on T-lymphocyte activity after breast cancer surgery: A meta-analysis
Authors: Sun Daqi , Li Kunyue , Chai Ziqi , Wang Lijuan , Gu Shimin , Sun Na , Zhang Yu , Wang Yuxia , Wang Tao 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women. General anesthesia is a commonly used anesthesia method for breast cancer surgery, and studies have confirmed that general anesthesia can induce immunosuppression in breast cancer patients and increase the metastasis rate of tumors. However, the difference between the effects of intravenous general anesthesia and inhalation anesthesia on the function of T-lymphocytes is still controversial, and it is necessary to explore reasonable anesthesia methods to reduce immunosuppression caused by surgery and anesthesia.

Materials and Methods:
Databases (Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI, and Wanfang) were searched (up to October 2022) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing intraoperative inhalation anesthesia and propofol intravenous anesthesia in breast cancer patients, with the outcome of T-lymphocyte subsets. The meta-analysis was performed by STATA 14.0.

Results:
Six RCTs with 352 patients were included in the study. Compared with inhalation anesthesia, there was no difference in T-lymphocyte subsets between the two groups immediately after surgery, but the activities of CD4+ T cells in patients with propofol anesthesia were higher (standard mean difference [SMD] = 0.234, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.003–0.466, P = 0.047, I
2 = 44.1%) than those under inhalation anesthesia 1 day after surgery, and CD4+/CD8+ activities in patients with propofol anesthesia were higher (SMD = 304, 95% CI: 0.072–0.537, P = 0.010, I
2 = 48.0%) than those under inhalation anesthesia 1 day after surgery.

Conclusion:
There were no differences in the effects of propofol and inhalation anesthetics on T-lymphocytes immediately after surgery, but the inhibitory effects of inhalation anesthetics on CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ cells were stronger 1 day after surgery.
How much natural ventilation rate can suppress COVID-19 transmission in occupancy zones?
Authors: Nejatian Amir , Sadabad Faranak Ebrahimian , Shirazi Farshad M. , Nejati Seyed Faraz , Nakhaee Samaneh , Mehrpour Omid 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Previous research has emphasized the importance of efficient ventilation in suppressing COVID-19 transmission in indoor spaces, yet suitable ventilation rates have not been suggested.

Materials and Methods:
This study investigated the impacts of mechanical, natural, single-sided, cross-ventilation, and three mask types (homemade, surgical, N95) on COVID-19 spread across eight common indoor settings. Viral exposure was quantified using a mass balance calculation of inhaled viral particles, accounting for initial viral load, removal via ventilation, and mask filtration efficiency.

Results:
Results demonstrated that natural cross-ventilation significantly reduced viral load, decreasing from 10,000 to 0 viruses over 15 minutes in a 100 m2 space by providing ~1325 m3/h of outdoor air via two 0.6 m2 openings at 1.5 m/s wind speed. In contrast, single-sided ventilation only halved viral load at best.

Conclusion:
Natural cross-ventilation with masks effectively suppressed airborne viruses, lowering potential infections and disease transmission. The study recommends suitable ventilation rates to reduce COVID-19 infection risks in indoor spaces.
Knowledge, attitude, and perception of radiologists about artificial intelligence in Nigeria
Authors: Akinmoladun Janet Adetinuke , Smart Adaora Ezeani , Atalabi Omolola Mojisola 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroduction:Artificial intelligence (AI) can be described as a set of tools and programs that operate in similar ways to normal human brain functions during regular tasks. Radiology is a medical specialty that is naturally related to technology, and the introduction of AI to radiology offers opportunities to improve the speed, accuracy, and quality of image interpretation. The applications of AI to radiology have gained a lot of grounds in the developed world, but this is still considered alien in some of the low-middle-income countries.Aim:This study aims at evaluating the knowledge level, attitude, and perception of radiologists in Nigeria toward the introduction of AI to the practice of radiology.Materials and Methods:This was a cross-sectional survey carried out on a group of radiologists from all over Nigeria, who were attending an update course in medical imaging. The survey was carried out using a structured interviewee-administered questionnaire to assess knowledge, attitude, and perception of the respondents on the use of AI, machine learning, and deep learning systems in medical imaging.Results:One hundred and sixty-three radiologists participated in the study. It was observed that only 12% had good knowledge of AI. Fifty-eight percent of the respondents were willing to embrace the applications if these were introduced in their hospitals. Sixty percent of the respondents had a positive perception toward the opportunity of using of AI systems in radiology practice within their facilities. There was a strong association between the respondents’ knowledge levels and their respective attitude levels with 82% of those with good knowledge having a positive attitude (P< 0.001).Conclusion:Knowledge of AI systems in medical imaging is still limited in developing countries like Nigeria, and acceptability of these systems is dependent on the level of knowledge of their applications in medical imaging.
Extension Agents' Perception of Suitability of Selected e-Agriculture Information Documents in Kwara State, Nigeria
Authors: Makinde O. O. , Ogunlade I. , Akinmolafe A. O. , Olambiwonnu G. O. 
Published: February 2024

Determining the perception of suitability of selected e-agriculture information documents by Extension agents in Kwara State, Nigeria was the main focus of this study. Primary data were collected using a structured questionnaire among 128 extension agents. Percentage, mean and chi-square were used to analyse data. The result showed that men (87.5%) dominated extension work in Kwara State, the agents' had the required educational qualifications with a mean household size of 6 people, and they were aware of some of the e-agriculture information except legal. The extension agents agreed that 64.7% of the e-agriculture document information from Access Agriculture was suitable for end users. Among others, the non-availability of the desired technology (=1.08) was the severest of the constraints of the e-agriculture information document. Age, annual income and educational qualification had a significant relationship with awareness of e-agriculture information documents. The study concluded that extension agents were aware all items presented on e-agriculture but deficient in the legal aspect, respondents perceived some of the e-agriculture information as suitable while some were not. There is a need for the provision of desired information technology facilities to mobilize extension agents to update farmers on the availability of e-agriculture information documents
KAFKAS İSLAM ORDUSUNUN AZERBAYCAN’DAKİ FAALİYETLERİ
Authors: KESKİN Alev 
Published: February 2024

Birinci Dünya Savaşı sırasında Rusya Bolşevik İhtilali’yle savaştan çekilmiş ve savaş şartları nedeniyle büyük bir ekonomik darboğaza düşmüştür. Bu nedenle Azerbaycan’daki Bakü petrolleri Sovyet Rusya için önem arz etmiştir. Bu doğrultuda Rusya, Stephan Şaumyan liderliğinde Ermenileri örgütleyerek Azeri yönetimini devirmiş ve Bakü’yü ele geçirmiştir. Ermeniler kısa sürede Azerbaycan’da terör ve baskı yöntemlerine başvurmuşlar ve birçok Müslüman’ı katletmişlerdir. Katliam hareketleri karşısında Azerbaycan zaman zaman Osmanlı Devleti’nden askerî yardım talebinde bulunmuştur. Azerbaycan en son 4 Haziran 1918 tarihinde Batum Konferansı’nda Osmanlı Devleti ile imzaladığı anlaşmaya dayanarak Osmanlı Devleti’nden bir kez daha askerî yardım talep etmiştir. Bu anlaşma Osmanlı Devleti’nce Azerbaycan’a askerî yardım amacıyla teşkil edilen Kafkas İslam Ordusunun Azerbaycan’daki varlığının hukuki zeminini oluşturmuştur. Nuri Paşa Komutasındaki Kafkas İslam Ordusu Azerbaycan’da gerçekleştirdiği birçok askerî harekât neticesinde Ermeni ilerleyişini durdurmuş ve Bakü’yü kurtarmıştır. Ancak sonrasında imzalanan Mondros Mütarekesi hükümlerince ele geçirdiği toprakları tahliye etmek zorunda kalmıştır.
Bu çalışma kapsamında, Osmanlı Devleti’nin Azerbaycan’a yaptığı yardımın siyasi ve askerî süreci, Kafkas İslam Ordusunun Azerbaycan’daki faaliyetleri ve gelinen son nokta itibarıyla askerî kazanımlarından vazgeçerek Azerbaycan’dan çekilmek zorunda kalması MSB Arşiv ve Askerî Tarih Daire Başkanlığı (ATASE) Arşivi ve basılı kaynaklar ışığında detaylı olarak incelenecektir.
Craniectomía descompresiva, una alternativa de tratamiento. Caso clínico
Authors: Expósito Lara Alexander , Gómez Leiva Berlis , Durán Gil Larisa 
Published: February 2024

Introducción: El Trauma Cráneo Encefálico Grave (TCE), continúa siendo un problema de preocupación para las autoridades sanitarias a nivel mundial. A pesar de las diferentes publicaciones existen divergencias en la toma de desición en aplicar la Craniectomía descompresiva (Cd). En el presente trabajo se describe caso clínico portador de Hematoma Epidural (HE), Hipertensión Endocraneana (HE), intervenido quirúrgicamente donde la información fue tomada de la historia clínica realizada en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital Andino del Chimborazo, Riobamba, Ecuador, previa obtención del consentimiento informado. Presentación del caso: Paciente femenina de 18 años de edad que sufre Trauma craneoencefálico grave, hematoma epidural con efecto de masa y edema cerebral. Sometida a craniectomía descompresiva y tratamiento neurointensivo. Estadía en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de seis días, evolución favorable, ausencia de secuelas neurológicas. Conclusiones: La Craniectomía descompresiva mejora la Hipertensión endocraneana, disminuye la estadía UCI, y los días de ventilación mecánica, sin embargo los estudios actuales demuestran que esta intervención no mejora resultados finales. La Craniectomía Descompresiva primaria, en centros de escasos recursos de neuromonitoreo, puede constituir un proceder salvador. La craniectomía descompresiva está indicada en la segunda línea de tratamiento según la American Association of Neurological Surgeons.
TBC Epiglótica como causa infrecuente de Odinofagia. Reporte de caso
Authors: Mayorga Alejandro Sebastián , Vilaña Icaza Juan Carlos , Zuñiga Silva Wilson , Zárate Zapata Angélica 
Published: February 2024

Introducción: la tuberculosis epiglótica constituye una entidad rara, cuya frecuencia ha experimentado un aumento en los últimos años, secundaria al desarrollo de nuevos métodos diagnósticos y el incremento en la esperanza de vida. Típicamente se presenta en personas inmunocomprometidas, siendo más frecuentes los casos secundarios a una infección primaria pulmonar.
Presentación de caso: paciente adulto mayor que consulta por odinofagia y pérdida de peso de varios meses de evolución, se diagnosticó el cuadro inicialmente como una infección respiratoria alta. Al no presentar mejoría es referido al servicio de gastroenterología donde se realizó endoscopia digestiva alta, en la que se evidenció una lesión granulomatosa a nivel de epiglotis. Por histopatología se confirma diagnóstico de tuberculosis.
Conclusiones: la tuberculosis epiglótica es una entidad rara, representando menos del 1% de las causas de tuberculosis extra pulmonar.
Tratamiento funcional de la lesión de ligamento cruzado anterior de la rodilla: una revisión
Authors: Orozco Brito David Cristóbal , Rosero Ordóñez Shirley Fernanda , Flores Brito Pedro Renato 
Published: February 2024

Introducción: la ruptura del ligamento cruzado anterior de la rodilla es una de las lesiones que se presenta frecuentemente en las personas que realizan deporte o actividad física. Objetivo: comparar los tratamientos funcionales utilizados para la recuperación de la ruptura de ligamento cruzado anterior. Metodología: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de artículos científicos publicados desde enero del 2000 hasta enero de 2018. Las bases de datos consultadas fueron Medline, Scopus y Scielo. Utilizando las siguientes palabras claves: lesión de rodilla, ligamento cruzado anterior, rehabilitación funcional. Se seleccionaron aquellos estudios en los que se hubiese analizado lesiones de ligamento cruzado anterior en cualquier disciplina deportiva. Resultados: se encontró seis estudios, todos de aplicación en los diferentes niveles de experimentación (pre-, cuasi- y experimental). Discusión y conclusiones: el ejercicio funcional, prescrito de una manera individualizada, con un seguimiento mediante test apropiados que se realicen antes durante y después de la rehabilitación de lesiones del ligamento cruzado anterior reduce los tiempos de recuperación de la lesión.
La evolución de la malnutrición infantil en Chimborazo: Entre progresos y desafíos
Authors: Rivera Vásquez Jairo Israel , Olarte Benavides Stephany Carolina 
Published: February 2024

Introducción: La malnutrición infantil en Chimborazo es un tema crítico, con una de las tasas de prevalencia de desnutrición crónica más altas del país, afectando a cerca del 35% de los menores de cinco años, y con un sobrepeso cercano al promedio nacional. Objetivo: Examinar la evolución de la malnutrición infantil en Chimborazo, lo que incluye desnutrición crónica y sobrepeso, sus particularidades, progresos y desafíos. Métodos: El estudio es ecológico longitudinal, utiliza datos de las Encuestas de Condiciones de vida 1999-2006-2014. Los datos se analizan a través de regresión. Resultados: La evolución de la malnutrición infantil se asocia con una reducción sostenida de la desnutrición crónica, un aumento del sobrepeso infantil y determinantes dinámicos. Conclusiones: La malnutrición infantil en Chimborazo se relaciona con determinantes sociales y personales, los cuales cambian en el tiempo y afectan el desarrollo como libertad.