bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Quiescenza
Authors: Gjerdingen Robert O 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
the Noseda collection of the Mila n Conservatory contains a large two-volume manuscript in which several different hands have copied hundreds of pertinent by Signorelli. The second of these volumes lists a number of rules of thumb (regole) for the student, and two of them pertain to pedal points on the keynote of the mode. The first rule is that “the pedal is formed from the chords of the fundamental bass.”1 The pertinent written below the rule makes clear that the fundamental bass in question is an implied cadence of triads whose roots are C, F, G, and C (the bass and figures are Signorelli’s; the realization, in smaller notes, and the indications of scale degrees are mine):
The Ponte
Authors: Gjerdingen Robert O 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
according to Repel, the Italian word Monte meant “a mountain to climb up onto,” font meant “a well to climb down into,” and Ponte meant “a bridge to cross over.”1 I have already discussed the rising pattern of the Monte in chapter 7 and the descending pattern of the font in chapter 4. Here I will discuss Riesel’s several interpretations of the “bridge” created by the Ponte.
The Fenaroli
Authors: Gjerdingen Robert O 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
two of the early Neapolitan n m asters of the gallants le, Francesco Durante and Leonardo Leo, were viewed by later generations of Italian musicians as having established important artistic lineages. Conservatory lore in Naples described two camps— the Durantisti and Leisti 1—with different approaches to the art of composition. Modern scholars, however, have found it difficult to substantiate this divide.2 Perhaps the relevant eighteenth-century distinctions were contingent on very specific contexts. That is, perhaps they represented conflicting preferences for how to handle the details of a given schema.
An Andantino by Baldassare Galuppi
Authors: Gjerdingen Robert O 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
the tea m of Goldoni and Gallup once dominated musical comedy in the eighteenth century as Gilbert and Sullivan would later in the nineteenth. Carlo Goldoni wrote the words and Gallup the music for their La diavolessa (“The She-Devil”), a spoof on upper-class posturing and lower-class avarice. In the following text, Goldoni has Dorian, the gold-digging ingénue, sing in Venetian dialect to Don Poppone, an elderly gentleman, a scene typical of commedia dell’arte banter between the Dottier and perhaps Fravoletta or Pimpinella:
Advances In Genome Analysis: Discovery Of Structural Variation And Genomic Dosage Differences In Health And Disease
Authors: Smith Moyra 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Resources to search for genomic variation have rapidly expanded with availability of the genomic sequence, development of fluorescence-based genomic hybridization in analysis of chromosomes, and particularly through availability of microarray technologies. Comparative genomic hybridization using arrayed Bac clones with large inserts (approximately 170 kb) of human genomic DNA has been particularly informative. Structural genomic information is also becoming more intensely studied through use of oligonucleotide arrays and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays (described below). One of the most surprising discoveries in human genome research between 2005 and 2007 relates to the extent of copy number variation (CNV) of large genomic segments. In establishing the role of CNVs in genetic disease, it is particularly important to distinguish between normal variations and disease-causing variations. The application of extended SNP data and of microarray data to analysis of human genetic disease requires that background informa- tion be gathered to determine the extent of normal variation in the genome in that population.
Advances In Treatment Of Single Gene Disorders Through Translational Science: Treatment With Small Molecules (Chaperones) And Gene-Based Therapies
Authors: Smith Moyra 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is likely that the deleterious effects of protein misfolding are relevant to the pathogenesis of a number of genetically determined diseases. Gregersen (2006) postulated that pharmacological chaperones might be of value in treat- ment of a large array of genetic diseases. Chaperones have proven useful in treatment in some cases of lysosomal storage diseases. Physiological chaperones occur in many organisms, including humans; they play a role in protein folding. One purpose of such folding is to shield hydrophobic domains in polypeptide chains and proteins to protect these residues from interaction with other polypeptides. Heat shock proteins represent a class of chaperone proteins produced in response to cellular stresses, including heat and oxidative stress. The binding of physiological chaperones to hydrophobic domains in polypeptides is energy dependent; adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is hydrolyzed to ATP in the reaction. Chaperones are also released from folded proteins.
Raising and Educating a Deaf Child
Authors: Marschark Marc 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book is the second edition of of a comprehensive guide to the questions and challenges involved in raising and educating a deaf child. The first edition was carefully objective, avoiding the pitfalls of both "political correctness" and "political bias" that plague many volumes in this field. Indeed, that edition was written at the personal request of Ed Barry, who was hoping for a book that he and his sister (the mother of a deaf child) could understand. The book is however, also being used as a required text in a variety of undergraduate and graduate courses around the country. The proposed second edition will bring readers up to date on some of the dramatic changes that have happened in the field over the past eight years, including Universal Newborn Hearing Screening, cochlear implants, increasing emphasis on inclusive education for deaf children, high-stakes testing, and significant advances in research concerning language and learning by deaf children (e.g. theory of mind, visuospatial processing, and cognitive underpinnings of educational interventions). By including spoken language, alternative language intervention programs, and more information on outcomes from various educational placement alternatives, this edition will correct oversights in the first edition. This edition will also include citations to the most important and potentially interesting references, and additional information that parents have been requesting from Marschark and his colleagues around the country.
Explaining The Vietnam War: Dominant and Contending Paradigms
Authors: Porter Gareth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In every field of study in the physical sciences, the dominant framework or paradigm for carrying out research on a given problem is not subject to critical debate until it begins to break down. As Thomas Kuhn showed in analyzing the process of establishing scientific paradigms, a dominant paradigm begins to weaken only after researchers find that it has failed to account for too many “anomalies”—i.e., contradictions between paradigmatic assumptions and empirical realities of significance.
Nuclear Nixon: Ironies, Puzzles, and the Triumph of Realpolitik
Authors: Gavin Francis J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the nuclear field, the Nixon presidency has long been known for, above all else, the landmark Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (ABM) and the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT) negotiated with the Soviet Union and signed in 1972. Arms control advocates hailed these treaties as the cornerstone of strategic stability, formally recognizing that nuclear weapons offered no military and scant political utility in a world of superpower parity and mutually assured destruction.
Conceptualizing Citizenship in U.S. Women’s History
Authors: Compston Christine L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Integration of women’s experience into U.S. history courses provides opportunities for students to explore how American ideals—equality, justice, and democratic rule—have translated into policies and practices that have shaped the lives of individual women, as well as groups defined by race, ethnicity, and class. Students gain a deeper understanding of the role of the Constitution in American life; they realize that individuals— both those serving in government and those challenging government policies—make a difference; they learn the importance of civil, political, and social rights and the power that comes from asserting those rights. In addition, they discover the importance of perspective in the study of history and how our understanding of the past is influenced by the issues we raise, the sources we use, and the questions we ask.
Conceptualizing U.S. Women’s History in Medicine, Law, and Business: The Challenge of Success
Authors: Drachman Virginia G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The history of nineteenth-century women and their entrance into medicine, law, and business is an intriguing story of discrimination, strategies for success, and the quest for equality and autonomy in American society. At the heart of this narrative is an enduring challenge: how to reconcile gender difference with women’s desire for equality with men. Nineteenth-century women were believed to be naturally pious, pure, emotional, and domestic; their place was at home, the caretakers of husbands and children. In contrast, men were understood to be naturally strong, rational, and aggressive; they belonged beyond the boundaries of the home, in the competitive world of work. Although reality often deviated markedly from cultural ideals for immigrant women, African American women, and even middle-class women, the ideology of gender created significant hurdles for women seeking to enter male domains.
Conceptualizing the Intersectionality of Race, Class, and Gender in U.S. Women’s History
Authors: Ball Erica L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1982, Gloria T. Hull, Patricia Bell Scott, and Barbara Smith edited a collection of essays titled All the Women Are White, All the Blacks Are Men, but Some of Us Are Brave: Black Women’s Studies.1 The book included discussions of black feminist theory, analyses of African American women writers, essays on teaching black women’s history, and concluded with a series of syllabi and annotated bibliographies for instructors. At the time it appeared, the number of publications in women’s studies and African American studies was growing rapidly, and the fields were gaining legitimacy in the academy. But as the editors of But Some of Us Are Brave saw it, the two areas of study were hampered by a “women-and-minorities” paradigm that relied on a racially exclusive definition of women and masculine interpretations of race. Consequently, neither the race-based nor the gender-based scholarship of the day fully addressed the specific experiences and concerns of women of African descent.
Teaching Women’s History through Oral History
Authors: Crocco Margaret S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the best ways to generate excitement about history among high school and college students is to get them involved in doing oral histories. Students experience the challenges confronting historians in piecing together an understanding of the past—the incomplete and often contradictory nature of evidence, the role of perspective, and the challenge of writing coherent narratives. Some scholars have argued that oral history served as the engine that launched women’s history in the 1970s. Over the years, oral history collections focused on women from diverse backgrounds have grown considerably.
Indigenous America And The Limits Of The Atlantic World, 1493–1825
Authors: Bushnell Amy Turner 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Atlantic history is that subset of European expansion in which the caravels and galleons sail west to the Americas or hug the west coast of Africa instead of rounding the Cape of Good Hope and sailing east to Asia. It is in essence the old seaborne empires minus Asia and East Africa. The Atlantic world concept, which in theory deals with the connectedness of four continents, in practice concentrates on those regions where Europeans turned their claims into colonies fronting on the Atlantic. The concept is intrinsically Eurocentric because, as those who favor it explain, it focuses on the mastery of space. American Indians, like Africans, enter that world laterally, as adjuncts or obstacles to the work of colonization and improvement. But the areas of neo-European mastery in the Americas were small and slow-growing: until the late nineteenth century more than half of the habitable hemisphere (defined as everything this side of the permanent frost line) remained under indigenous control. Meanwhile, between the island- like settler enclaves and the Indian nations’ vast territories, closed to out- siders, lay the frontiers, where neo-European and Indian societies met on relatively even terms, neither side having a monopoly of violence and each side trying to change the other for the better.
Beyond Atlantic History
Authors: Coclanis Peter A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The fact that books assessing the state of Atlantic history are being written probably means that this field can no longer be considered trendy, much less edgy or outré. Indeed, given its huge popularity among historians, particularly younger ones, in recent years, Atlantic history is now an (if not the) official establishment approach, an approach deemed sufficiently mature and orderly—even well behaved—to be allowed to sit with the interpretive grown ups, as it were. Now sitting with the grown ups is not necessarily a bad thing—given the most likely alternative—but in contemplating this change in status, I can’t help but to recall Gertrude Stein’s famous quip about the establishment of the Museum of Modern Art: “Either you’re a museum or you’re modern.” You can’t be both, in other words.
The Unity of Descartes’s Man
Authors: Hoffman Paul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the leading problems for Cartesian dualism is to provide an account of the union of mind and body. This problem is open construed to be one of explaining how thinking things and extended things can causally interact. That is, it needs to be explained how thoughts in the mind can produce motions in the body and how motions in the body can produce sensations, appetites, and emotions in the mind. The conclusion open drawn, as it was by three of Descartes’s illustrious successors, Malebranche, Spinoza, and Leibniz, is that mind and body cannot causally interact.
The Union and Interaction of Mind and Body (Part 1)
Authors: Hoffman Paul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Descartes is open portrayed as a villain in the history of Western thought on the grounds that his dualism of mind and body—his view that thinking things and extended things are really distinct substances—sent philosophy on the wrong path. The leading objection to Cartesian dualism is that once having distinguished mind and body as really distinct substances, it is impossible to provide a satisfactory account of their connection. This problem of the connection or union of mind and body is open construed to be one of explaining how mind and body causally interact, that is, how thoughts in the mind produce motions in the body and how motions in the body produce sensations, appetites, and emotions in the mind.
managing the breath
Authors: Miller Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We seldom engage in long bursts of speech. In everyday communication, most phrases are of brief duration—often five or six seconds in length. Yet, in singing, we sustain phrases for much longer periods. It is not unusual to encounter high-lying sung phrases of more than ten seconds’ duration. Extended melismatic passages may reach at least fifteen seconds—one need think only of how often Mozart, Brahms, Verdi, Strauss, Duparc, and Barber pile up series of lengthy phrases. In short, the duration factor is more extensive in song than in speech.
moving into middle voice ⁽Zona Di Passaggio ⁾ and above
Authors: Miller Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Additional commentary on male registration is now in order. Perhaps the most crucial area of the male singing scale, historically designated as the zona di passaggio (the passage zone), lies between the speech range and the upper-mid range of the singing voice, an area also termed voce media (see chapter 1). Ancient fragments of music from classic Greece and from Hebrew and Christian chant were restricted almost entirely to the speech-inflection region. As vocal boundaries expanded in response to cultural demands, singers began to sing in ranges beyond the speech span. Today’s singing artist must command an impressive extension of the vocal scale. The inexperienced low-voiced singer tends to rely on “the call of the voice” to negotiate pitches that lie above the speech range, because that is what he does in normal life when he makes voiced sounds above the primo passaggio. He then depends on a quality termed “chest” or “modal.” There are teachers of singing who advocate using this “call of the voice” beyond the regions of healthy function.
Establishing Technical Security ⁽Trusting The Body⁾
Authors: Miller Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Some singers confidently look forward to performance, whereas others experience stress as curtain time draws near. Performance nerves are seldom isolated occurrences. A healthy, technically secure singer, when publicly performing literature appropriate to his voice and to his communicative abilities, experiences excitation but rarely undergoes preperformance anxiety. He has dependable technical and emotional anchors at his disposal (see “Dealing with Performance Anxiety” in chapter 17). Ill health seriously affects the quality of any singing instrument. When a singer is ill and his body cannot respond to what he has systematically ingrained, he has every reason to feel anxious. One of the most difficult decisions a singer has to make is whether his physical condition will permit him to accomplish what he so well knows how to do. Especially in European theaters, it is customary to meet the commitment if possible, with a notice posted that, despite indisposition, the artist will go ahead. The better-than-expected performance that sometimes takes place when illness is publicly announced is probably because part of normal performance pressure has been reduced. In a similar vein, a recitalist often begins to turn in a stellar performance after the occurrence of his first text flub or rhythmic error. The stress for perfection has been reduced. In any event, most singers tend to rank the audience expectancy level beyond what in reality is the case.
Developing An Individual Tonal Concept
Authors: Miller Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The attributes of beautiful singing never happen willy-nilly. They are universally identifiable and they are teachable and learn-able. Freedom of the imagination depends on the stability of a singer’s tonal concept. It is essential to renew the exploratory, interpretive spirit at each performance. Technical problems should be dealt with long in advance, so that during performance the imagination may be channeled to communication (see chapter 17). A complete tonal concept remains elusive for some singers, at times even for those who have achieved occasional notable successes. Some performers are inconsistent about retaining a reliable ideal sound. What went well in the coaching lesson and in the practice room remains shrouded in mystery; one performance may be satisfactory, the next less so. By insistence on the well-coordinated sound, am I recommending that there be only a single color for the voice? Of course not! How can the drama be enacted unless one varies the interpretation? However, the wise singer adheres to a principle enunciated by great technician and interpreter Alfredo Kraus: “Never let the text or the drama rob you of the beauty of your voice.”
Choosing Audition Material
Authors: Miller Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Judges would rather hear a modest aria sung with finesse and skill than watch and listen to a singer fight his way through a heavier selection. Lyric voices ought not to present dramatic arias that contain high demands on stamina, sustained passaggio work, and dramatic dynamics. Better by far that the young baritone present “Aprite un po’” rather than “Cortigiani.” Singers tell their teachers, “But it’s the big voices that win the competitions.” On the contrary, it is the singer who selects appropriate material, who handles it well, and who presents it with conviction who is chosen. For an audition, it is unwise to choose a lengthy aria, unless the item has been specifically requested. Be certain to sing your best item first. Do not save it for another round (which may never come). Most judges make up their minds about talent and potential during the first thirty to sixty seconds of singing. Generally, the singer will be permitted to choose his own first aria; the adjudicators may then select one or two others. At callbacks, the singer is usually asked for something other than his first-round choice. Because contrasting material will allow the judges to evaluate vocal prowess more fully, something bravura and something of a cavatina nature should be among the available choices.
Verdi
Authors: Budden Julian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this third edition of the classic Verdi, renowned authority Julian Budden offers a comprehensive overview of Verdi the man and the artist, tracing his ascent from humble beginnings to the status of a cultural patriarch of the new Italy, whose cause he had done much to promote, and demonstrating the gradual enlargement over the years of his artistic vision. This concise study is an accessible, insightful, and engaging summation of Verdi scholarship, acquainting the non-specialist with the personal details Verdi's life, with the operatic world in which he worked, and with his political ideas, his intellectual vision, and his powerful means of communicating them through his music. In his survey of the music itself, Budden emphasizes the unique character of each work as well as the developing sophistication of Verdi's style. He covers all of the operas, the late religious works, the songs, and the string quartet. A glossary explains even the most obscure operatic terms current in Verdi's time.
The Limits of Analysis and he Need for History
Authors: Goehr Lydia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It would be mistaken to assume that the use of the analytic method is identical in ever}/ theory of musical works, just as it would be mistaken were I to suggest that its particular use could easily be extracted from any theory. To further complicate matters, many principles and procedures of the method are taken on board without renewed consideration. Not every use of a principle can be justified in each and every piece of writing; there are always presuppositions. Still, there is something hidden in the method that forecloses the possibility of accounting satisfactorily for musical works. This chapter is devoted to describing what it is.
The Central Claim
Authors: Goehr Lydia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
How does musical practice operate and how does the work-concept operate within it? The purpose of this chapter is to identify the philosophical content of the claim that the work-concept began to regulate a practice at a particular point in time. One way to do this is to investigate matters with an eye not just to ontological puzzles, but also to how a practice lives and survives—for indeed it does—without explicit understanding of its ontological structure. This change in emphasis involves stepping in all kinds of new directions, new at least to those who have been predominantly interested in analysis.