bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
[Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Maribavir in Patients with Post-Transplant Cytomegalovirus Infection or Disease that are Refractory or Resistant to Conventional Therapy]
Authors: Marcellusi Andrea , Bini Chiara , Corinti Simone , Fioravanti Laura , Dalla Vedova Laura , Amorosi Stacey L. , De Lacey Tam , Chowdhury Emtiyaz , Mennini Francesco Saverio 
Published: December 2023

OBJECTIVES: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection represents a serious post-transplantation complication, particularly among transplant recipients with resistant or refractory (R/R) infection. Despite the improvement made in CMV prevention and treatment, remains a need for new therapies that are better tolerated and safer for patients, especially for refractory or resistant (R/R) infections. This analysis investigates the cost-effectiveness of maribavir versus investigator-assigned therapy (IAT) for treatment of post-transplant R/R CMV in the Italian context.METHODS: The analysis was conducted from the National Health Service (NHS) perspective using a Markov model previously developed in Excel® to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of maribavir versus IAT for the treatment of post-transplant R/R CMV. Health event rates and transition probabilities were informed by data from observational studies and from SOLSTICE clinical trial, which compared maribavir to conventional antiviral treatments for transplant patients with R/R CMV infections. Utilities were from SOLSTICE and a utility vignette study. Costs inputs were derived from published literature and Italian national tariffs for outpatient and hospital services. Costs and outcomes were discounted by 3%.RESULTS: Maribavir compared to the IAT used for the treatment of post-transplant R/R CMV achieved an incremental cost of € 11,455 for an incremental quality adjusted life year (QALY) gain of 0.313. This resulted in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of € 36,626/QALY, for maribavir compared to IAT, which is below the generally accepted, national willingness-to-pay threshold for orphan drugs (€ 37,000/QALY).CONCLUSIONS: This analysis showed that maribavir, an orphan drug treatment, is cost-effective compared to the current antiviral treatments used for treatment of post-transplant R/R CMV.
Global Burden of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Through 2050
Authors: Boers Elroy , Barrett Meredith , Su Jason G. , Benjafield Adam V. , Sinha Sanjeev , Kaye Leanne , Zar Heather J. , Vuong Vy , Tellez Daniela , Gondalia Rahul , Rice Mary B. , Nunez Carlos M. , Wedzicha Jadwiga A. , Malhotra Atul 
Published: December 2023

ImportanceChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a respiratory condition that is associated with significant health and economic burden worldwide. Previous studies assessed the global current-day prevalence of COPD, but to better facilitate resource planning and intervention development, long-term projections are needed.ObjectiveTo assess the global burden of COPD through 2050, considering COPD risk factors.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this modeling study, historical data on COPD prevalence was extracted from a recent meta-analysis on 2019 global COPD prevalence, and 2010 to 2018 historical prevalence was estimated using random-effects meta-analytical models. COPD risk factor data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease database.Main Outcomes and MeasuresTo project global COPD prevalence to 2050, generalized additive models were developed, including smoking prevalence, indoor and outdoor air pollution, and development indices as predictors, and stratified by age, sex, and World Bank region.ResultsThe models estimated that the number of COPD cases globally among those aged 25 years and older will increase by 23% from 2020 to 2050, approaching 600 million patients with COPD globally by 2050. Growth in the burden of COPD was projected to be the largest among women and in low- and middle-income regions. The number of female cases was projected to increase by 47.1% (vs a 9.4% increase for males), and the number of cases in low- and middle-income regions was expected to be more than double that of high-income regions by 2050.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this modeling study of future COPD burden, projections indicated that COPD would continue to affect hundreds of millions of people globally, with disproportionate growth among females and in low-middle income regions through 2050. Further research, prevention, and advocacy are needed to address these issues so that adequate preparation and resource allocation can take place.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of 1,5‐Allenynes
Authors: Nieto‐Carmona Juan C. , Manjón‐Mata Inés , Quirós M. Teresa , Caballero‐Santiago Gema , Pérez‐Maseda Fernando , Cárdenas Diego J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe report the Ni‐catalyzed cycloisomerization of 1,5‐allenynes. Substrates containing terminal alkynes afford cyclopentene derivatives, whereas internal alkynes lead to the formation of two consecutive C−C bonds to give fused 5–5 bicyclic compounds. The reaction shows a wide scope. Experimental and computational mechanistic studies suggest a Ni(0)−Ni(II) catalytic cycle. The reaction starts with an oxidative cyclometallation followed by a β‐hydrogen elimination. The trans arrangement of alkenyl and hydride ligands is key to allow formation of the second carbocycle.
Lamellar Crystal Structure and Haldane Magnetism in NH4VPO4OH
Authors: Samarin Aleksandr Sh. , Trussov Ivan A. , Pchelkina Zlata V. , Fedotov Stanislav S. , Ovchenkov Yevgeniy A. , Zhurenko Sergei V. , Tkachev Alexei V. , Gippius Andrei A. , Shvanskaya Larisa V. , Vasiliev Alexander N. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA novel vanadium hydroxide‐phosphate, NH4VPO4OH, was synthesized hydrothermally in V2O5−NH4H2PO4‐citric acid system at 230 °C. It was characterized by XRD, TG‐DSC, SEM‐EDX, FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. NH4VPO4OH is isostructural with NH4GaPO4OH and features edge‐sharing chains of VO6 octahedra. These chains running along [010] direction of the unit cell are connected by phosphate tetrahedra to form infinite layers parallel to the (100) plane. Ammonium cations are embedded between the heteropolyhedral layers. According to the thermodynamic and NMR measurements supported by the first‐principles calculations, NH4VPO4OH presents a rare case of Haldane spin system with spin S=1 based on V3+ ions.
Calcitonin gene‐related peptide and persistent corneal pain: A trigeminal nerve sensitization perspective
Authors: Hong Xiaoping , Ding Fadian , Xiong Jie , Wu Yuyu , Chen Wanzhu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPersistent corneal pain (PCP) has excellent research prospects, especially the central sensitization mechanism of the trigeminal nerve, which is involved in migraine, corneal pain, and trigeminal neuralgia. The cornea has dense sensory innervation, and repeated corneal neuropathic pain has been associated with trigeminal nerve central sensitization, which is induced in PCP. The calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) is involved in corneal pain conduction, injury protection, and immune homeostasis. A high CGRP level maintains corneal pain perception and protects corneal epithelial cells. However, a persistently high CGRP level causes hypersensitivity of the corneal and trigeminal nerves, resulting in PCP. CGRP‐related drugs can effectively improve trigeminal nerve sensitization and relieve central sensitization‐related pain (PCP, migraine, and trigeminal neuralgia). Exploring the role of CGRP in PCP's pain sensitization mechanism is vital in the pain perception field, with the potential to improve the quality of life of patients with PCP and strengthen the understanding of CGRP's dual role in corneal pain.
Einflussfaktoren hinsichtlich der Reaktivität von calcinierten Tonen – Eine Literaturrecherche
Authors: Overmann Steffen , Vollpracht Anya , Matschei Thomas 
Published: December 2023

KurzfassungCalcinierte Tone gehören auf Grund der weltweiten Verfügbarkeit der Rohtone zu den vielversprechendsten alternativen Zementersatz‐/Betonzusatzstoffen. Ton ist ein inhomogenes Gemisch verschiedener Tonminerale und weiteren Mineralphasen und kann in seiner Zusammensetzung und Eigenschaften erheblich variieren. Die reaktivitätsbestimmenden Faktoren sind bisher nicht im Detail verstanden, so dass die optimalen Calcinierungsparameter sowie die resultierenden Eigenschaften für den Einsatz als Zementersatz‐/Betonzusatzstoff nicht zuverlässig durch Charakterisierung der Rohtone vorhergesagt werden können. Daher gibt es zahlreiche Studien, in denen das Potential der jeweiligen Tone im Einzelfall mit umfangreichen Untersuchungen evaluiert wird. In dieser Literaturstudie wird der Wissensstand bezüglich der reaktivitätsbestimmenden Faktoren qualitativ herausgearbeitet. Zudem werden Literaturdaten hinsichtlich der Materialcharakterisierung und Reaktivität zusammengetragen und quantitativ ausgewertet. Es zeigt sich, dass die meisten Literaturstudien nur schwer miteinander vergleichbar sind, da sich die Methodenauswahl jeweils stark unterscheidet und wichtige Eigenschaften oft nicht untersucht werden. Jedoch konnten die maßgeblichen Trends aus der qualitativen Literaturauswertung größtenteils studienübergreifend mit der quantitativen Auswertung bestätigt werden.
Early age and long‐term properties of mortars containing metakaolin and limestone powder as SCMs
Authors: Metallari Alban , Bier Thomas A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this study we focus on the development of plastic shrinkage and capillary pore pressure on mortars containing metakaolin and limestone powder as cement replacement. Isothermal calorimetry was also used to compliment the early age properties of the investigated mortars. Strength development and phase assemblage using thermal analysis were also investigated. Five different replacement levels of metakaolin and LSP and two different amounts of SP were used. Our data show that the shrinkage strain values increased as the amount of SCMs increased, while capillary pressure showed a mixed trend. The hydration kinetics did not appear to be influenced much from the SCMs used. Strength development improved in general when metakaolin was used while decreasing when LSP was added, as already expected. The TGA data show an increase in the consumption of portlandite as the amount of SCMs was increased.
PCE Superplasticizers for Calcined Clay Blended Cements – Challenges and Solutions
Authors: Chen Jiaxin , Li Ran , Thienel Karl‐Christian , Plank Johann 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA high content of metakaolin in calcined clay blended cement has a positive effect on the early strength development, however, it also leads to a poor workability. Moreover, slump retention is more difficult to achieve in this system than in OPC or other composite cements. In this study, several approaches were investigated to achieve fluidizing ability of mortars prepared from composite cements holding 30 wt. % of calcined clay with varying amounts of metakaolin (∼ 23 wt.%, ∼ 51 wt.%). First, it was found that the slump retaining performance of a common industrial ready‐mix type HPEG PCE rapidly decreases when the content of metakaolin increases. Furthermore, a combination of the ready‐mix HPEG PCE and a retarder (sodium gluconate) which is commonly applied in ready‐mix concrete, also fails to improve fluidity retention in calcined clay blended cement with a high level of metakaolin, hence highlighting the difficulty of slump retention for such cements. To mitigate this problem, a unique admixture based on the combination of a precast type HPEG PCE and a novel PCE‐LDH nanocomposite is introduced. Mortar tests reveal that the high water‐reducing (precast) type HPEG PCE and the PCE‐LDH nanocomposite enables to achieve a remarkable improvement in fluidity retention of such calcined clay blended cements.
Influence of calcined clay on micromechanical properties and creep of hardened cement paste
Authors: Deiters Macielle , Rozanski Corinna , Schack Tobias , Haist Michael 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA highly interesting approach to lower CO2 emissions in cement and concrete industry is to reduce the cement clinker content while using supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) such as calcined clays. Whereas for classical Portland cement clinker, comprehensive studies are already available on the microstructural development during hydration as well as on the resulting macromechanical properties such as compressive strength or long‐term deformation behavior, such understanding is missing for calcined clays. In this paper, systematic micromechanical investigations using microindentation of hardened cement pastes with various amounts of calcined clay at ages up to 28 days are presented. The micromechanical results indicate a faster strength development as well as a lower overall porosity of the classical clinker system compared to mixtures containing calcined clay. Looking to creep, the indentation creep modulus is higher for pure OPC mixtures compared to calcined clay systems up to seven days, indicating less pronounced creep. Beyond this age, however, the differences in creep behaviour became less pronounced. The outcomes suggest that the reactivity of the calcined clay seems to be decisive when it comes to mechanical properties and creep behaviour rather than the rate of substitution.
Materialkorrosion und Alterung von zementgebundenen Beschichtungen in der Trinkwasserspeicherung
Authors: Kämpfer Wolfram , Berndt Michael 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn order to ensure durability, mineral coatings in drinking water storage must be sufficiently resistant to chemical and physical influences. The effects are described in the DVGW W 300 worksheets. This results in requirements for the composition, the mechanical properties, the bond strength, the minimum layer thickness, the surface quality and the impermeability of the mineral coatings.Durability is currently ensured descriptively based on the applicable set of standards. This verification concept reaches its limits when the normatively secured area of experience is left behind using new binding agents. A number of performance‐oriented test concepts have been developed in recent years for the durability assessment, with which a quantitative assessment of the durability is made possible, taking into account the damage processes and the effects to be expected.The course of the leaching kinetics can be described with a diffusion‐erosion model and corresponds to a diffusion‐controlled process with a √t course and a linear course with an unchanged top layer. Once the linear damage process has been reached, an estimate of the remaining service life is possible. A model for durability assessment based on diffusion‐erosion processes is presented.
Modified Periclase‐Spinel Refractories for Cement Rotary Kilns
Authors: Borysenko Oksana , Logvinkov Sergii , Shabanova Halyna 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis research paper gives the development data obtained for modern modified periclase‐spinel materials that have an increased adaptive ability to preserve the material integrity and the operational reliability of the refractories exposed to the effect of the sign‐alternating high‐gradient and thermal loads. Based on the research done, a concept was developed to improve the heat resistance of the periclase‐spinel materials and it includes both the known mechanisms of absorbing excess energy by cracks that are developed under the action of thermal shocks (in particular, the effect of heterophasicity and creation of a microcracked structure due to the difference in thermal efficiency coefficients (TEC) for different phases) and new mechanisms of the structure‐&‐phase adaptations preserving simultaneously the integrity of modified periclase‐spinel refractories. The use of the developed modified periclase‐spinel refractories results in the energy saving of up to 15 %, reduction of material costs due to the extension of the service life of the lining elements of rotary kilns; reduction of the resources required for the maintenance and an increase in the amount of overhaul sessions.
Einfluss der Kristallinität auf die Festigkeit und die Mikrostruktur alkalisch aktivierter Metakaoline
Authors: Lohmann Jessica , Schmidt‐Döhl Frank 
Published: December 2023

KurzfassungBei der Reaktion von Metakaolin mit alkalischen Anregern entstehen eine röntgenamorphe, alumosilikatische Gelmatrix sowie kristalline Natrium‐ bzw. Calcium‐Aluminat‐Silikat‐Hydratphasen zu unterschiedlichen Anteilen. In dieser Arbeit wurden grundlegende Zusammenhänge zwischen dem Kristallinitätsgrad der alkalisch aktivierten Metakaoline sowie deren mechanischen Eigenschaften untersucht. Dabei wurde insbesondere auf die Porosität, die Druckfestigkeit und thermoanalytische Eigenschaften eingegangen. Die Kristallinität wurde mittels Röntgendiffraktometrie bestimmt. Voraussetzungen für die Ausbildung eines amorphen Gefüges ist die Lösung der reaktiven Ausgangsmaterialien. Nicht vollständige Lösung führt zu inhomogenem Gefüge, in dem sowohl amorphe Matrix als auch kristalline Bereiche vorliegen. Kristalline Reste im Metakaolin dienen als Kristallisationskeim und begünstigen die Bildung weniger stabiler kristalliner Hydratphasen. Es zeigte sich, dass ein höherer Kristallinitätsgrad mit größeren Poren und einem höheren Porenvolumen einherging, das die Druckfestigkeit der erhärteten Bindemittel herabsenkte. Zusätzlich zeigten die thermogravimetrischen Untersuchungen, dass ein dichteres Gefüge gleichzeitig durch den vermehrten Einbau von Kristallwasser gekennzeichnet war.
C3A Variation in Synthetic Model Cements ‐ Influence on Rheology and Reactivity
Authors: Axthammer Daniel , Ordynska Mariya , Gädt Torben 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe amount of early ettringite crystallization is known to influence the rheology of cementitious materials. It is dependent on various factors, e.g., the reaction temperature, the chemical composition of the cement and the amount of PCE. In this study, we investigate the rheology and reactivity of synthetic model cements with different contents of C3S, C3A and β‐hemihydrate (β‐HH). Their reactivity is studied using in‐situ calorimetry and their rheology is studied using a rotational rheometer. Our results demonstrate that higher C3A contents in the clinker increase the early heat release of the cements which is associated with an increased formation of ettringite. Increased C3A contents from 2.5 wt.% to 12.5 wt.% enhance the early heat by four orders of magnitude. The static yield stress of the different cement pastes was determined with an oscillation based rheometry method 17 minutes after contact with water. Interestingly, the static yield stress increases exponentially with the heat of hydration. These findings have implications for the understanding of OPC hydration, as well as for chemical optimization and the design of OPC‐based materials.
Complex concrete elements for the production of recyclable formwork by extrusion and milling
Authors: Gelbrich Sandra , Abstoß Marvin , Rudolph Enrico , Funke Henrik 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe paper presents an additive process for the sustainable production of a recyclable formwork system based on concrete extrusion and milling, which allows the resource‐efficient production of complex precast concrete parts. Within the framework of research work, concrete formulations were developed and characterized, which are produced close to the final contour by means of extrusion and then brought into the final form by means of high‐precision machining. The resulting mould is used for the production of precast concrete parts. In order to increase the complexity of the components while further saving material, a forced mixing nozzle was designed which allows admixtures to be added shortly before the concrete is extruded. The integration of a concrete setting accelerator allows the production of higher overhangs of the components. The faster solidification of the concrete also reduces the printing time and the amount of material required, because the higher stability eliminates the need for individual support structures. After use as formwork, the recycling process continues, and the recycled material will be added back to the printing process. The development of the new near‐net‐shape technology is key for the success of efficient sustainable production of concrete components.
HEIDELBERG MATERIALS' CO2 roadmap On the way to carbon neutrality
Authors: Dienemann Wolfgang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAt its Capital Markets Day in May 2022 Heidelberg Materials published the commitment to reduce specific CO2 emissions by almost 50 % to 400 kg CO2 per ton of cementitious material by 2030, the most ambitious target in the sector. This article provides an overview of some key elements of the roadmap established to achieve this ambition and to pave the way to achieve carbon neutrality of concrete. Three central themes will be highlighted in this article:
Carbon capture and storage projects are an indispensable cornerstone to ultimately produce CO2 free cement
The reduction of clinker in cement and concrete and the development and utilization of new or alternative cementitious materials are highlighted as major levers to reduce CO2
The possibility to create fully circular concrete by advanced recycling technologies and to use recycled concrete paste for CO2 mineralization are illustratedCombined with several other initiatives ‐ energy efficiency, alternative fuels and raw materials, more efficient use of concrete, to name a few ‐ substantial progress can be made on the way to carbon neutrality of concrete.
Shotcrete 3D Printing ‐ Effect of material‐process interaction on the global and local material density
Authors: Böhler David , Freund Niklas , Mai Inka , Lowke Dirk 
Published: December 2023

AbstractShotcrete 3D Printing is a 3D printing process in which the concrete is applied layer by layer using a wet mix process. In the print process, a large number of different process as well as material parameters can be varied, which also influence the hardened concrete properties. A systematic understanding of the interaction between material and process is required to define limits for material and process control variables with respect to the resulting component quality. Therefore, in this paper we present results on the effect of concrete volume flow (0.4; 0.8 m3/h), air volume flow (30; 40; 50 m3/h) and accelerator dosage (0; 3; 6 % by weight of cement) on global density, local density distribution as well as flexural strength. The results show that the combination of an increasing concrete volume flow, a decreasing air volume flow and an increasing accelerator dosage lead to a decrease in global density and flexural strength. A high correlation between the global density and flexural strength can be demonstrated despite the layer‐by‐layer fabrication. In addition, an inhomogeneous density distribution over the cross section is shown. Finally, the underlying mechanisms are discussed regarding the influence of the material and process parameters.
Reduction of the cement content in Selective Cement Activation
Authors: Herding Friedrich , Mai Inka , Lowke Dirk 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis work systematically investigates possibilities for the reduction of the cement content in Particle bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Activation. To do so, the amount of cement is decreased (i) by increasing the aggregate content or (ii) by substitution with quartz flour of similar particle size to the cement. Both variants were then produced with constant water content and constant w/c ratio of 0.5, i.e. decreasing water content with decreasing cement content. To characterize the effect of the cement reduction, the compressive strength, as well as the dimensional accuracy are analyzed.It is shown that at constant w/c‐ratio the compressive strength decreases with decreasing cement content compared to the reference mix, while the dimensional accuracy is increasing. For a constant water content during printing, the compressive strength of cement‐reduced specimens is similar or only slightly lower compared to the reference. The dimensional accuracy, however, is decreasing.