bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analytical techniques for arsenic speciation
Authors: Tanaka Yu-ki , Matsuhashi Kemmu , Ogra Yasumitsu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Due to its toxicity, contamination with arsenic, a Group 1 carcinogen, is a significant environmental and public health issue. The toxicity of arsenic varies with its chemical form. For example, inorganic species like arsenite (AsO3
3−) and arsenate (AsO4
3−) are generally more toxic than organoarsenic compounds. However, some organoarsenic species exhibit higher toxicity than inorganic species. Therefore, the precise quantification and speciation of arsenic is necessary. Chromatographic techniques, particularly liquid chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LC-ICP-MS), are widely used for arsenic speciation owing to their high sensitivity and accuracy. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is another effective technique for detecting arsenic species after derivatization. In addition to chromatographic methods, more straightforward and cost-effective techniques are available for inorganic arsenic speciation. These include adsorption techniques, colorimetric assays such as the molybdenum blue method, hydride generation reactions, and voltammetry. Emerging technologies, such as microfluidic and electrochemical devices, enable rapid and portable analysis, facilitating in situ detection of arsenite and arsenate in environmental samples. While LC-ICP-MS remains the gold standard for comprehensive arsenic speciation, other advanced technologies provide a practical, rapid, and cost-effective approach.

Graphical Abstract
Bibliometric analysis of OCD prevalence in youth populations of developing countries
Authors: Blaney Jacob , Konda Sanjana , Ganti Latha 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper is a bibliometric analysis of research of adolescent obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in developing nations. An analysis of 4,807 papers was conducted to show trends in these areas. The most significant research came from developed countries – with the United States and England having the most publications and the strongest citation strength. However, developing countries play an important role in the development of OCD research because of how they deliver different perspectives into the field given their more distant associations with developed nation’s research. This study will use multiple indicators of bibliometrics, most notably bibliographic coupling and citation strength, to draw conclusions to show the various contributions of different nations to the field of adolescent OCD.
Recurrent carbon labels induce bipartisan effects in environmental choices under risk
Authors: Rahmani Azad Zahra , Cohen Doron , Hahnel Ulf J. J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Addressing climate change requires substantial shifts in individual behavior. Providing information about climate externalities through carbon labels is a promising tool to foster sustainable choices when individuals weigh environmental against personal outcomes. We study the impact of carbon labels over time and their underlying mechanisms in a repeated risky choice task. We ran two preregistered experiments (US samples, N = 1,268) with realized carbon and monetary payoffs, examining how choice is influenced by the timing of carbon information (One-off vs. Recurring) and participants’ political preference (i.e., Democrat or Republican voters). In Study 1, we find that both Democrats and Republicans reduce carbon emissions when carbon labels were provided. Further, recurring labels significantly reduced carbon choices compared to one-off labels. Study 2 replicated the results in a within-participant design and showed that the impact of recurring carbon labels on sustainable choices cannot be explained by the strength of emission recall. This suggests that recurring labels amplify the importance given to the climate attribute in the decision process, operating via attentional rather than informational mechanisms. Our results emphasize the importance of providing climate externality information at time of use to raise awareness about climate costs and bolster sustainable preferences across population segments.
Super‐Corotating Flows in Plasma Disk Within 30 Jupiter Radii
Authors: Wang Jian‐Zhao , Bagenal Fran , Wilson Robert J. , Delamere Peter A. , Cao Xin , Nerney Edward , Ebert Robert W. , Valek Philip W. , Allegrini Frederic , Szalay Jamey R. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPlasma circulation and magnetic reconnection are crucial for understanding the dynamics of Jupiter's magnetosphere. Previous studies identified hundreds of reconnection sites at distances of 50–100 from magnetic field signatures. Recent analysis of thermal plasma data from the Juno/JADE instrument shows super‐corotating flows exist in the pre‐dawn sector, suggesting that the internally driven reconnection could be occurring much closer to Jupiter. In this study, we present cases of super‐corotating flows exceeding 120 corotation observed at the nightside equator. In Case 1, a super‐corotating outflow event is observed at 26.9 and is accompanied by flux rope plasmoids. In Case 2, a super‐corotating inflow event is observed at 24.7 and is accompanied by plasma heating and density depletion, with a strong enhancement in indicating the presence of a dipolarization front. These observations provide evidence of super‐corotating flows accelerated by reconnection events.
Surface‐Wave Relocation and Characterization of the October 2023 Tsunamigenic Seismic Unrest Near Sofugan Volcano, Izu Islands, Japan
Authors: Deane C. A. , Pesicek J. D. , Prejean S. G. , Earle P. S. , Shelly D. R. , Yeck W. L. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA moderate‐magnitude earthquake swarm occurred in the remote Izu Islands region of Japan between October 1 and 8, 2023. The swarm included 151 shallow earthquakes cataloged by the U.S. Geological Survey, which notably included a roughly 2.5‐hr episode of 15 successive magnitude (M) < 5.5 earthquakes. Origin times were coincident with regionally recorded tsunami waves, but tsunamigenesis for moderate‐magnitude earthquakes is uncommon, indicating that volcanic activity generated the ocean displacements. Leveraging a surface‐wave relative relocation approach, we estimate precise epicentroid locations for the remote swarm. Final epicentroids and caldera analogs indicate a three‐stage model to explain swarm activity: (a) caldera pressurization due to magma intrusion, (b) depressurization via dike propagation away from the caldera, and (c) eruption corresponding with caldera reactivation either by collapse or additional intrusion.
Formation of Structurally Bound Carbonate in Silicate Melts on the Top of the Mantle Transition Zone
Authors: Kim Eun Jeong , Lee Sung Keun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCarbon‐bearing dense silicate melts may account for the seismically weak layers on top of the mantle transition zone (MTZ) at 13–14 GPa. How carbon is incorporated into silicate melts at such high pressures has not been experimentally probed, making the nature of carbon in dense melts elusive. Here, our nuclear magnetic resonance experiments reveal how carbon and pressure influence the structure of mantle melts. The pressure‐driven changes in the Si coordination environments and network connectivity in dense melts are accompanied by a dramatic increase in the fraction of structurally bound carbonates above 8 GPa up to 14 GPa, further polymerizing melt networks. The pressure‐driven melt polymerization and increase in diversity in carbon configurations reveal the mechanisms behind the pressure‐induced propensity to store carbon in silicate melts under compression. The substantial carbon incorporation in silicate melts toward the MTZ may potentially filter out the carbon from subducting slabs, controlling the deep carbon cycle.
Observations of Mode‐One Nonlinear Internal Waves (NLIW) of Opposite Polarity in Changing Background Conditions
Authors: Moncuquet A. , Jones N. L. , Zulberti A. P. , Bordois L. , Dufois F. , Lazure P. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe transformation of internal waves on continental shelves is important to mass transfer, nutrient replenishment, and heat transfer. Yet, the transfer of energy from larger to smaller scale or between nonlinear internal waves (NLIW) themselves remains poorly understood. We present 1 month of through water column observations of temperature and currents on the southeast continental shelf of the Bay of Biscay, a region where internal wave dynamics have never been described. Over the shallower part of the shelf, a relatively strong baroclinic dynamic exists, with the mode‐1 internal tide and NLIW generating currents more than three times the barotropic tide. The nature of these features varied greatly over the subtidal timescales, which we correlate to wind‐driven currents and the associated modulation of background stratification. In addition to the well‐documented processes of internal tide steepening and NLIW polarity reversal, we present novel observations of colocated elevation and depression (termed opposite polarity) NLIW. While this colocation has been previously studied theoretically, it has not been described with in situ observations to date. In agreement with theory, we observed these waves when the wind‐driven dynamics resulted in double pycnocline stratification. We found that the collocated waves of depression and elevation propagate independently on the upper and lower pycnocline, respectively. We use direct estimates of wave speed to infer the potential for interaction between waves of opposite polarity and discuss the potential relevance for other regions worldwide where double pycnocline background conditions are observed.
Near‐Infrared Atomic Oxygen Photometry of Lightning
Authors: Wemhoner Jacob , da Silva Caitano L. , Leal Adonis F. R. , Bandara Sampath , Pantuso John G. , Sonnenfeld Richard G. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMeasuring the temperature of lightning is a fundamental part of understanding the evolution of the plasma channel, and it is also crucial to quantify its chemical and energetic impacts in the atmosphere. Nonetheless, due to complications that have both to do with the complexity of the source and required equipment, this has only been done in a few studies to date. Here we report on the design and implementation of an instrument to perform simultaneous, multi‐band optical and radio observations of lightning, which aims to provide a fast and simple way to routinely measure its temperature. The primary instrument includes photometers to measure temperature and electric field sensors to identify lightning sub‐processes. Data are analyzed in tandem with 2D and 3D lightning location information. To measure the temperature, the photometer array includes 3 channels equipped with narrowband filters (1 nm) centered at bright atomic oxygen lines in the near‐infrared, and temperature is given from the relative intensity of optical emissions across the 3 channels. We found the average peak temperature of 44 negative cloud‐to‐ground lightning return strokes to be 17,600 K. Additionally, the peak temperature had no apparent correlation to the peak current. Comparisons between 777 nm observations from the ground and from space by the Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) emphasize the picture that the instruments in these two vantage points tend to see different portions of the lightning flash. They also reveal that dart leaders play a key role in the interpretation of lightning observations from space.
TRIM21-mediated PRMT1 degradation attenuates colorectal cancer malignant progression
Authors: Cao Menghan , Shao Zhiying , Qian Xingyou , Chen Miaolei , Deng Chuyin , Chen Xintian , Tang Tingting , Zhang Kaixu , Chu Sufang , Zheng Junnian , Bai Jin , Li Zhongwei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Tripartite motif-containing 21 (TRIM21) plays a crucial role in antiviral responses and autoimmune diseases. While the impact of TRIM21 on cancer has been studied in various tumors, its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. In this study, we found that TRIM21 expression is reduced in primary CRC tissues. Low levels of TRIM21 in CRC are associated with unfavorable clinicopathological characteristics and shorter survival. Furthermore, we demonstrate that TRIM21 suppresses the proliferation, tumorigenesis, migration, and metastasis of CRC cells by promoting the ubiquitination-mediated degradation of PRMT1. These findings suggest that TRIM21 holds potential as a valuable predictive biomarker for assessing the prognosis of CRC patients.
Discovery of a sushi domain-containing protein 2-positive phenotype in circulating tumor cells of metastatic breast cancer patients
Authors: Bartkowiak Kai , Mohammadi Parinaz Mossahebi , Nissen Paula , Werner Stefan , Agorku David , Andreas Antje , Geffken Maria , Peine Sven , Verpoort Karl , Deutsch Thomas M. , Michel Laura L. , Schneeweiss Andreas , Thewes Verena , Trumpp Andreas , Hardt Olaf , Müller Volkmar , Riethdorf Sabine , Schlüter Hartmut , Pantel Klaus 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Cell lines derived from circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood provide important biological information on cancer metastasis. CTC-ITB-01 is a CTC cell line derived from a patient with metastatic estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-alpha) positive breast cancer two months before the death of the patient. After a LC-MC/MS based proteomics analysis of CTC-ITB-01, we found extraordinary high levels of the poorly characterized protein SUSD2 (sushi domain-containing protein 2) in CTC-ITB-01. Expression of SUSD2 on subsets of CTCs was validated on clinical blood samples of patients with metastatic breast cancer. SUSD2-positive CTCs could be captured specifically by a MACS-based approach. We overexpressed SUSD2 in the poorly-metastatic cell line MCF-7. This resulted in upregulation of ER-alpha, the tumor progression protein GRP78 (78-kDa glucose-regulated protein) and downregulation of the tumor suppressor protein PDCD4 (programmed cell death protein 4). We observed downregulation of SUSD2 and PDCD4 after hypoxia and simulation of re-oxygenation in the blood in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468, while in CTC-ITB-01 SUSD2 levels remained unchanged, and only PDCD4 was downregulated under hypoxia. In conclusion, we show, for the first time, that SUSD2 is expressed in CTCs and appears to affect key proteins in tumor progression and survival.
A modified partitioned‐stator flux‐switching permanent magnet machine for enhancing torque‐density in electric vehicle powertrains
Authors: Shafiei Sadjad , Sharifi Tohid , Noroozi Dehdez Mohammad Ali , Bagheri Mehdi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study proposes a modified partitioned‐stator flux‐switching permanent magnet (PS‐FSPM) machine and reduces the permanent magnet usage in conventional PS‐FSPM machines. To achieve this goal, the stators of the conventional PS‐FSPM with outer‐armature/inner‐PM (OA/IPM PS‐FSPM) structure are swapped to realise a PS‐FSPM with outer‐PM/inner‐armature (OPM/IA PS‐FSPM) design. The machine topology along with the operating principles are described in detail, and an analytical airgap permeance model is introduced for the proposed machine. The number of rotor modules, the widths of the magnets and rotor modules, as well as the split ratio (SR), are optimised through sensitivity analysis to achieve higher torque density and reduced torque ripple, compared with the conventional structure. Moreover, a flux barrier in the exterior surface of the outer stator is adopted to improve the proposed structure to reach a higher flux concentration in the airgap and reduce iron volume consumption. The thermal analysis results using the computational fluid dynamics modelling indicate that the temperatures of both insulation and permanent magnets remain within specified operating limits. Finally, apart from the finite element analysis (FEA), an experimental study is performed to evaluate the feasibility of fabricating a machine equipped with a high number of rotor modular teeth.
Optimal economic analysis of electric vehicle charging stations, renewable energy technologies, and capacitor banks in distribution networks
Authors: Le My Ha , Pham Thai Dinh , Nguyen Thang Trung 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe study optimizes the placement of electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs), photovoltaic power plants (PVPPs), wind turbine power plants (WTPPs), battery energy storage system (BESS), and capacitor bank (CB), considering AC and DC chargers for the EVCSs by using the wave search algorithm (WSA), particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm, and salp swarm algorithm (SSA). The objective is to minimize the sum of the cost of electric energy supplied by the grid and the total costs from the added electric components for a 15‐year project, including investment cost, operation, and maintenance (O&M) cost. Finally, WSA can reach a smaller total cost than others. The hybrid system with all the components costs 21.83% less than the base system for a 15‐year project life cycle. The total revenue and investment and O&M costs are about $15.3 million and $11.3 million. So, the total profit is about $4 million, equivalent to 35.38%. Furthermore, the smallest voltage is increased from about 0.91 to 0.96 pu, and the highest branch current is reduced from about 387 to 329 A, meeting 45.54% of the total consumption in the system. Thus, the integration of the EVCSs, PVPPs, WTPPs, BESS, and CB into distribution power networks can bring a very high profit.
Image synthesis with class‐aware semantic diffusion models for surgical scene segmentation
Authors: Zhou Yihang , Towning Rebecca , Awad Zaid , Giannarou Stamatia 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSurgical scene segmentation is essential for enhancing surgical precision, yet it is frequently compromised by the scarcity and imbalance of available data. To address these challenges, semantic image synthesis methods based on generative adversarial networks and diffusion models have been developed. However, these models often yield non‐diverse images and fail to capture small, critical tissue classes, limiting their effectiveness. In response, a class‐aware semantic diffusion model (CASDM), a novel approach which utilizes segmentation maps as conditions for image synthesis to tackle data scarcity and imbalance is proposed. Novel class‐aware mean squared error and class‐aware self‐perceptual loss functions have been defined to prioritize critical, less visible classes, thereby enhancing image quality and relevance. Furthermore, to the authors' knowledge, they are the first to generate multi‐class segmentation maps using text prompts in a novel fashion to specify their contents. These maps are then used by CASDM to generate surgical scene images, enhancing datasets for training and validating segmentation models. This evaluation assesses both image quality and downstream segmentation performance, demonstrates the strong effectiveness and generalisability of CASDM in producing realistic image‐map pairs, significantly advancing surgical scene segmentation across diverse and challenging datasets.
Study on a new three‐dimensional troposcatter parabolic equation method
Authors: Liang Shuaishuai , Li Lei , Lin Leke , Zhao Zhenwei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractInhomogeneities in the troposphere cause refraction and re‐radiation of radio waves, leading to troposcatter propagation. However, traditional two‐dimensional troposcatter models focus solely on the vertical scattering effects, limiting their accuracy in predicting radio wave propagation in complex three‐dimensional environments. To address this limitation, a new three‐dimensional troposcatter parabolic equation (3DTSPE) model is proposed. This model provides a comprehensive analysis of the three‐dimensional scatterers in both vertical and horizontal dimensions and examines the impact of different scatterer structures on radio wave propagation. It selects an appropriate three‐dimensional scatterer structure while maintaining computational accuracy. Simulations comparing it to the two‐dimensional troposcatter parabolic equation (2DTSPE) model, the AREPS system, and the ITU‐R P.617 standard, alongside real‐world analysis using ERA5 atmospheric data, confirm the model's accuracy and effectiveness. This provides a solid foundation for further research on radio wave propagation in complex three‐dimensional troposcatter environments.
JWST-ALMA study of a hub-filament system in the nascent phase
Authors: Bhadari N. K. , Dewangan L. K. , Jadhav O. R. , Hoque A. , Pirogov L. E. , Goldsmith P. F. , Maity A. K. , Sharma S. , Haj Ismail A. , Baug T. 
Published: January 2025

Context. Star clusters, including high-mass stars, form within hub-filament systems (HFSs). Observations of HFSs that remain unaffected by feedback from embedded stars are rare yet crucial for understanding the mass inflow process in high-mass star formation. Using the JWST NIRCAM images, a recent study reported that the high-mass protostar G11P1 is embedded in a candidate HFS (G11P1-HFS; < 0.6 pc).
Aims. Utilizing ALMA N2H+(1–0) data, we confirm the presence of G11P1-HFS and study the dense gas kinematics.
Methods. We analyzed the position–position–velocity (PPV) map and estimated on-sky velocity gradient (Vg) and gravity (ℱg) vectors. We examined the spatial distribution of the gas velocity and the H2 column density.
Results. A steep Vg of 5 km s−1 pc−1 and −7 km s−1 pc−1 toward either side of G11P1-hub and a decreasing Vg toward the hub identify G11P1-HFS as a small-scale HFS in its nascent phase. Additionally, the Vg and ℱg align along the filaments, indicating gravity-driven flows.
Conclusions. This work highlights the wiggled funnel-shaped morphology of an HFS in PPV space and suggests the importance of sub-filaments or transverse gas flows in mass transportation to the hub.
Mutual gravitational potential of two solid bodies revisited
Authors: Balmino G. , Laurent-Varin J. , Marty J.-C. 
Published: January 2025

Context. The discovery in the Solar System of more and more binary asteroids, or even triple asteroids with odd shapes, has triggered studies and new space missions to these bodies related to their dynamical behavior. The Martian moons, due to their characteristics, are the focus of similar interest.
Aims. In this context, the aims of this paper are to revisit the mutual gravitational potential of two celestial bodies, and evaluate the dynamical effects on their orbit of terms, which are often neglected. The rotational dynamics of the bodies is not addressed here.
Methods. The method uses complex gravity spherical harmonic coefficients of each body and takes into account their exact orientation in space. These coefficients are usually estimated from the spherical harmonic representation of the shape and assuming constant density. The analytical derivation of the potential is achieved by using the rotation and translation formulas for the spherical harmonic functions and coefficients. The different components of the potential function are categorized into central direct, indirect, and coupling terms.
Results. Application to the Didymos–Dimorphos pair shows the importance of indirect and coupling terms, for which accelerations reach, respectively, 5% and 1% of the direct terms. This approach was then applied to the Mars-Phobos system, for which the effects on the Phobos orbit due to its gravity field coupling with Mars field were numerically evaluated; effects can reach several tens of meters, as is shown after orbit adjustment on currently adopted Phobos reference ephemeris. The analysis of the radio science data from the coming MMX mission (Martian Moons eXploration) may ultimately require such refinement.