bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental Justice
Authors: Gatenio Gabel Shirley 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on environmental justice. It explains how environmental issues restrict an individual’s or a community’s ability to enjoy a specific right that is guaranteed to them. In the 1980s, the environmental justice movement came into its own after protestors opposed the dumping of PCB-contaminated soil into the landfill of a community where primarily Black and poor persons resided. The environmental justice movement is concerned with the complexity of overlapping environmental issues, human rights, and ecological sustainability. The chapter provides information about the emergence and components of the global environmental crisis: climate change, human-caused environmental degradation, and environmental justice.
Conclusion
Authors: Gatenio Gabel Shirley 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This concluding chapter reviews the foundation and future of social work. Despite the diversity of interests, people taking up social work as a profession have the desire to make a social situation better. The founders of the social work profession understood that systemic changes were needed to bring justice to the lives of individuals and communities. The chapter explains how a human rights-based approach to justice in social work practice reverses the declining progressivity of the social work profession and the division between micro-practitioners and macro-practitioners of social work. It highlights how a rights-based approach values the interrelatedness of social issues and individuals, groups, communities, the environment, and policies.
The Historic Suburban Landscapes of Los Angeles
Authors: Nicolaides Becky M. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The historic suburban landscapes of Los Angeles are a crucial starting point for understanding suburban life in the region. They established how communities would look, be built, serviced, and regulated, and how open they would be to change. LA’s suburban identity originated in the early twentieth century, when city leaders developed a set of ideas and innovative land development practices centered on the suburban ideal. This vision embraced decentralized development as well as racial segregation. Influenced by a regional eugenics movement, LA leaders pioneered and honed tools of racial exclusion in suburbia. With this suburban vision in place, distinct built landscapes emerged. Over 130 years, LA’s historic suburban landscapes included borderlands, streetcar suburbs, picturesque enclaves and garden suburbs, modest subdivisions before 1940, sitcom suburbs, and edge cities and corporate suburbs. Each landscape left a legacy for later generations in the housing stock, the design of communities, and local regulatory cultures.
Learning Suburban Affluence
Authors: Nicolaides Becky M. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In San Marino, a picturesque enclave that began as a highly restricted affluent white suburb, Asian newcomers after 1970 learned the ways of suburban affluence and participation. San Marino was a town steeped in long-running local traditions. When immigrant newcomers confronted this firmly settled milieu, their only real path to local acceptance was assimilation. To gain this acceptance and protect their suburb, they embraced local design aesthetics, participated in critical hubs of social life, served in political roles, and upheld the tools of class exclusion. The confluence of Asian in-migration and fiscal upheaval from Proposition 13 created a synergy that facilitated the integration of new Chinese settlers into the social milieu of the suburb, defined by privilege, wealth, participation, and a devotion to children. In learning suburban affluence, Chinese suburbanites reproduced the internal elements that ensured the high status of the suburb.
The Death and Life of a Working-Class Suburb
Authors: Nicolaides Becky M. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As a gateway suburb in southeast Los Angeles, South Gate experienced the rise then devastating decline of industry, accompanied by an abrupt transition from white to Latino. Mirroring national patterns, Latinos migrated right into suburbs suffering from disinvestment and white flight, seizing opportunity where others abandoned it. In the midst of this radical upheaval, South Gate clung tightly to traditional suburban ideals. Homeowner priorities dominated local politics even as homeowners were gradually outnumbered by renters. To rein in the everyday practices of working-class Latinos, Anglo and Latino leaders imposed tighter regulations, constricting the opportunity to make the most of one’s suburban property that early white residents once used as a crucial basis of economic security. South Gate changed from an unregulated to a regulated suburb. Yet immigrants still found spaces for community engagement, particularly in neighborhood schools, which became the most enduring, robust sites of participation for Latino newcomers.
Varro the Conservative?
Authors: Volk Katharina 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This essay examines the intellectual and cultural context of Varro of Reate. According to one traditional view, Varro was an arch-conservative, who was born among the backward-looking Sabines and hankered after an ideal past. Along these lines, his linguistic scholarship would be an attempt to reconstruct and revive practices and usages from this paradise lost of “pure Latinity.” On the contrary, Volk argues that Varro is remarkably sanguine about historical and linguistic change, viewing it as a natural aspect of human life generally. Varro thus provides a valuable contrast to the view of later scholars and grammarians, particularly from the Augustan age onward, who yearned more overtly for the revival of an idealized linguistic past.
Andy Warhol in Stitches
Authors: Conrath Ryan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the summer of 1968, amid the white walls of an otherwise unremarkable sixth-floor office space in Manhattan, Valerie Solanas aims a gun at Andy Warhol and shoots him. This was at once an event of relation and of montage, one that inextricably intertwined the fates of two lives through the violent “editing” of the body of the most famous artist in the world, setting into motion an entirely new sequence of images and works. In subsequent years, Warhol’s cut-and-sutured body entered into a complex constellation of images and practices, first in portraits by Richard Avedon and Alice Neel, and later in Warhol’s rarely discussed “bonus photographs,” knitting drawings, and sewn photographs. This chapter traces the circulation of Warhol’s stricken body (and its attendant wounds) across this unlikely constellation of works, before turning to a close engagement with what was arguably the artist’s longest-running project, the “stitched photographs,” made up of multiple identical photographs stitched together with thread. This chapter argues that the true content of these objects lies not in the pictures themselves but in the visible threads holding them together. Against a conception of the cut as a threatening or even traumatic space, Chapter 1 places Warhol’s unorthodox objects (and his photographic practice in general) in conversation with the film-theoretical discourse of suture.
Automating Vulnerability
Authors: McStay Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter has two parts. It first examines the significance of cars and an automobile sector that is increasingly feeling-into fatigue and the affective and emotional states of drivers and passengers. It then considers suggestion that public safety and ethical concerns about autonomous vehicles may be solved by equipping cars with feelings. To examine automated empathy in relation to occupants the chapter assesses European policy support for this monitoring under the auspice of safety, ethical questions raised, and data-protection problems regarding the processing of occupant data in relation to questions of identification and third-party access. The second part of this chapter explores how cars would simulate vulnerability to injury through something akin to an autonomic nervous system. This is argued to be classically cybernetic involving goals, self-preservation, regulation, homeostasis, and behaviour. For empathy and emotion interests, this vulnerability is observed to represent an embodied and visceral approach to ethics. The chapter assesses this observation in relation to the infamous trolley problem, in which an onlooker has the choice to save five people in danger of being hit by a vehicle by diverting the moving vehicle to kill one person.
Selling Emotions
Authors: McStay Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter investigates whether it is acceptable or not for people to sell data generated by automated empathy. It reviews literature and practices of ‘data trusts’ and ‘personal data store apps’ highlighting that while ‘infomediaries’ are not new, they now receive policy support. That Sir Tim Berners Lee and the UK’s British Broadcasting Corporation have taken an interest in decentralised data ownership is also found to lend heft. The chapter then assesses the moral and political philosophy of selling data about intimate states. In addition to collectivist and free market philosophies it considers Michael Sandel’s ‘Moral Limits of Markets’ thesis on whether certain aspects of human life should be beyond monetisation. In reference to survey data from the Emotional AI Lab (that McStay directs) the chapter concludes that there is scope to sell data to organisations that citizens believe to serve the public good in relation to health.
The First Jewish Environmentalist
Authors: Jobani Yuval 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Hailed by Martin Buber as “the true teacher,” pioneer, philosopher, and dreamer, Aharon David Gordon (Russian Empire–Land of Israel, 1856–1922) is increasingly being recognized as the first Jewish environmentalist. Long before global warming became a major threat, Gordon warned against the mounting dangers of human assault on nature and urged us to open ourselves to nature and re-attune to it. Rather than trying to conquer nature, Gordon argued, we should merge with it; rather than being a master or slave of nature, we should become nature’s friend and ally. Since childhood, nature fertilized and shaped Gordon’s mindscape, as it eventually did his philosophical writings. Gordon’s fresh insights on critical contemporary issues—such as ecology, gender, social justice, and postsecularism—have recently been inspiring not only a rapidly growing body of scholarly literature, but also communal readings and study among young readers whose imagination was captured by Gordon’s thoughts and dreams. Introducing Gordon’s ideas and setting them in their historical context, The First Jewish Environmentalist sheds new light on the interconnections between religion, culture, education, and the environment. Expanding his canonical status beyond the realm of Hebrew culture, The First Jewish Environmentalist situates Gordon in the tradition of nature-intoxicated prophets such as Rousseau, Thoreau, and Tolstoy and extracts from Man and Nature empowerment and inspiration for seekers advocating the protection of the planet.
Philosophical Foundations
Authors: Jobani Yuval 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Providing a grand synoptic view of existence in its entirety, Gordon’s philosophical system embraces the unity of ontology, ethics, religion, and aesthetics. The aim of this chapter is to shed new light on the dialectical infrastructure and main concepts of Gordon’s timely and much needed call for humanity to reorient itself toward nature. Its main argument is that Gordon upheld the principle of contradiction as the organizing principle of existence and the driving force of life. Accordingly, he argued that the good life is grounded in a dialectic interplay between opposites such as egoism and altruism, conscious and unconscious, and individualism and collectivism. It is also grounded in interplay between the tendency to detach oneself from nature in order to understand it and the tendency to unify with nature in order to experience it.
A Religion of Nature
Authors: Jobani Yuval 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Gordon gradually disengaged himself from the “shackles” of the halakha (the Jewish ceremonial law). However, he never distanced himself from the Jewish tradition. Schooled in an Orthodox Eastern European community, Gordon knew the Jewish tradition well and worked within it, even though he was moving beyond its established rituals toward the liminal sacred realm where man and nature merge. By attributing religious significance to the cultivation of the Land of Israel, Gordon substituted a hoe for phylacteries (tefillin), and the sacred silence of the tiller of the land for the traditionally verbal prayer. Placing Gordon in the tradition of nature-intoxicated thinkers and writers such as Rousseau, Thoreau, and Tolstoy, the chapter explores the unique array of concepts, arguments, and poetic images that Gordon contributed to the canon of environmental literature and ecocriticism.
Epilogue
Authors: Jobani Yuval 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Deeply committed to Jewish national renewal but fully aware of the dangers inherent in nationalism, Gordon offered an alternative non-statist pacifist vision of Zionism. Viewing domineering and aggression in the spheres of politics and gender as a transfiguration of human domineering and aggression against nature, Gordon called for the establishment of small, independent, and gender-equal agricultural communities that cohabit peacefully with their Arab neighbors. In these communities, animals would be protected, cared for, and not treated as if their value were reducible to their usefulness to humans. Indeed, it is the vulnerability and helplessness of animals, Gordon argued, that turns our treatment of them to a litmus test of our morality. By examining Gordon’s call for animal liberation, the epilogue of the book extracts from Gordon’s engagement with the Jewish tradition insights and inspiration for green seekers of all faiths.
CRY
Authors: Dodds Sherril 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The CRY chapter analyzes Maddie Ziegler’s emotive performance as a surrogate face for Sia in her music video “Big Girls Cry.” The video shows Ziegler performing an arty facial choreography that both moves and disturbs: young female spectators and music critics speak of the affective capacity of her performance, and feminist scholarship illuminates how it critiques the expectations placed on girls and women that reduces their emotional expression to that of cry-babies but which needs to be kept in check as adult women. Yet literature on celebrity and whiteness reveals how Sia replaces her own face with that of a beautiful child star to ensure that her economic and racial privilege is maintained. The chapter develops the idea of a manipulative cry to show how the facial choreography produces affective connections between Sia, Ziegler, and their fans, but that it stages an ethically questionable performance of a young girl.
Expressivism
Authors: Incurvati Luca , Schlöder Julian J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter introduces expressivism, focusing on its application to the ethical domain. It details the concerns that have been particularly influential in the emergence and development of ethical expressivism and explains how the related view of speaker subjectivism can be seen as an early attempt to deal with these concerns. It is shown that while ethical expressivism addresses the problem of moral disagreement besetting speaker subjectivism, it faces challenges of its own. In particular, the chapter presents the Frege-Geach Problem, the Many Attitudes Problem, and the Wishful Thinking Problem for expressivism as well as the Problem of Creeping Minimalism affecting certain sophisticated forms of expressivism.
Inferential Expressivism
Authors: Incurvati Luca , Schlöder Julian J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter introduces inferential expressivism, the view that the meaning of certain linguistic items is given by the inferences to attitude expressions they license. It is argued that the bilateralist programme in logic, which holds that the meaning of the logical constants is given by conditions on assertion and rejection, is best regarded as a form of inferential expressivism about negation. And while traditional expressivism about negation falls prey to the Frege-Geach Problem, its inferential counterpart has the resources to solve it. The chapter goes on to develop a version of bilateral logic in which strong and weak rejections are distinguished. This opens the door to multilateralism, the view that the meaning of linguistic expressions is given by conditions on more than two distinct speech acts.
Moral Vocabulary
Authors: Incurvati Luca , Schlöder Julian J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter applies the inferential expressivist approach to moral vocabulary. It extends the multilateral framework with expressions of non-cognitive moral attitudes and shows how one can use this framework to inferentially explain the meaning of wrong in terms of the expression of disapproval and the meaning of right in terms of the expression of approval. The chapter then argues that the inferential expressivist account of moral vocabulary solves the Frege-Geach Problem, including its negation version and iterations thereof. The chapter concludes by showing how inferential ethical expressivism addresses the Wishful Thinking Problem for expressivism, accounts for the phenomenon of moral Moorean sentences, and explains the motivating power of moral judgements.
Conditionals
Authors: Incurvati Luca , Schlöder Julian J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides an inferential expressivist treatment of indicative and subjunctive conditionals. The previous chapters have focused on speech acts, such as assertion, whose force applies to a single sentence. This chapter begins by arguing for the existence of binary speech acts, such as conditional assertion, whose force relates two sentences. The chapter then explains the meaning of embeddable conditional operators in terms of their inferential relation to unembeddable conditional speech acts. The chapter goes on to show how the resulting account of the indicative conditional meets the challenge posed by the Gibbard Collapse Argument and, when combined with the theory of truth from the previous chapter, solves Curry’s Paradox. The chapter ends by implementing the distinction between content and inferential conditionals in the framework of the book and arguing for the existence of a plurality of conditionals.
The Road Ahead
Authors: Incurvati Luca , Schlöder Julian J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter reviews and brings together the findings of the previous chapters, arguing that they establish inferential expressivism as a new semantic paradigm. Special attention is paid to the distinctive pragmatist methodology of inferential expressivism and what sets it apart from referentialist approaches in semantics. The chapter goes on to outline a number of directions for future work. These include specifying the relation between conditionals and probability within the inferential expressivist framework, providing inferential expressivist accounts of phenomenological self-reports and predicates of personal taste, explaining how to understand compositionality from the perspective adopted in the book, and determining the exact expressive power afforded by the formal systems developed in the book.
Appreciating the Art of the Filmmaker
Authors: Markham Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter compares modes of appreciating the filmmaker’s art. The approaches of those in disciplines and fields of study other than cinema are commented on. The nature of audience engagement (experiential, emotional, following the story) is seen as vital to the reader’s understanding of cinematic art. Aspects are discussed of the appreciation of the critic (informed opinion), film studies scholar (traditional and contemporary theories), film theorist, film historian (style), philosopher (continental—existentialism, phenomenology; analytic), psychologist (“character” as mimetic of the human psyche), sociologist (human and social world of a film, social commentary in film), and moralizer. “Correct” agendas are considered obstacles to the understanding of the filmmaker’s art, while the difference between liking a film and understanding its art is stated. The chapter notes the distinctive approach the book presents to its reader.
Moonlight
Authors: Markham Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Moonlight’s opening sequence is analyzed in this chapter in the order of its two sections, the announcing of Juan and the announcing of Little, the latter subdivided into Little and the bullies and Little and Juan. Each section is structured as follows: summary, questions (for audience, for reader), commentary, and conclusion (incorporating information conveyed, emotion, visceral sensation, and vision). Screenshots and forensic commentary provide step-by-step critical insights into the art of the filmmaker, in regard to storytelling, flow of emotion, staging, shooting and editing, and address to the audience. The chapter considers both cinematic art in general and the filmmaker’s chosen discourse for his film, providing specific instances of his art related to universal principles. The analysis explores the introduction of Juan and the protagonist Little, following the former’s arrival and subsequent dealings as head of the local illicit drugs trade, which is contrasted with Little’s flight from bullies—from whom he takes refuge in an abandoned apartment used as a crack house, where Juan finds and rescues him. Camera, editing, articulation of narrative POV, and practical aesthetics are demonstrated as integral to emotion and story throughout. The screenplay and film are compared, and there follows consideration of the transition into the film’s first act or movement and its opening scene.
The Revolution Stalls
Authors: Stark Evan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter looks into the major strategies adopted by the domestic violence revolution in the terms of safety, accountability, and empowerment. The revolution primarily aims for the safety of battered women and the accountability of offenders. Battery threatens the dignity, autonomy, and liberty of millions of people, which simultaneously inhibits social and political progress similar to slavery in the United States. Even though the revolution significantly reduced the risk of severe and fatal physical assault against all partners, the unfortunate reality is that the changes appear to have of greater benefit to abusive men than their victims, partner homicides of men have declined far more sharply than partner homicides of women and the proportion of women exposed to the most serious form of partner abuse remains unchanged. Abusive men move seamlessly in and out of their community and family’s lives while shelters provide a revolving door to temporary respite rather than a pathway to independent living.
The Entrapment Enigma
Authors: Stark Evan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the entrapment enigma which confounds those who try to explain why many women remain with abusive partners despite the violence and the opportunity to leave. Battered women suffer disproportionately from a range of psychological and behavioral problems that increase their dependence and vulnerability to abuse and control. Moreover. women’s dependence on abusive men and the problems they develop in this context are byproducts of violence-induced trauma. The chapter lists economic disadvantages, sexual inequality, the normalization of violence and intimacy as some of the other reasons that inhibit women’s decision to break off any relationship. But none of these explanations adequately account for the duration of abusive relationships. Abused women appear to be entrapped by objective features of their circumstance rather than by psychological adaptations, trauma or situational disadvantages.