bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization strategies in WAHTOR algorithm for quantum computing empirical ansatz: a comparative study
Authors: Ratini Leonardo , Capecci Chiara , Guidoni Leonardo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
By exploiting the invariance of the molecular Hamiltonian by a unitary transformation of the orbitals it is possible to significantly shorter the depth of the variational circuit in the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) algorithm by using the wavefunction adapted Hamiltonian through orbital rotation (WAHTOR) algorithm. This work introduces a non-adiabatic version of the WAHTOR algorithm and compares its efficiency with three implementations by estimating quantum processing unit (QPU) resources in prototypical benchmarking systems. Calculating first and second-order derivatives of the Hamiltonian at fixed VQE parameters does not introduce a significant QPU overload, leading to results on small molecules that indicate the non-adiabatic Newton–Raphson method as the more convenient choice. On the contrary, we find out that in the case of Hubbard model systems the trust region non-adiabatic optimization is more efficient. The preset work therefore clearly indicates the best optimization strategies for empirical variational ansatzes, facilitating the optimization of larger variational wavefunctions for quantum computing.
PGR - 1 Average Intelligence with Rare Genetic Mutation Associated with Intellectual Disability
Authors: Cavanaugh Christopher 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Chung-Jansen syndrome is caused by haploinsufficiency of pleckstrin homology domain interacting protein (PHIP). Patients identified with PHIP typically present with intellectual disability, learning disorder, atypical social behavior, facial dysmorphism and obesity. Common co-occurring clinical conditions include attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety and/or depression, and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Neurocognitive functioning is notable for a leftward shift, presenting with a relative strength in language comprehension and weakness in nonverbal ability.

Method
This is a 9-year-old female with an atypical PHIP mutation. The patient was born full-term. The pregnancy and delivery were uncomplicated (birth weight: 3572 grams). The PHIP mutation was identified in December 2020. Genetic testing was conducted due to developmental delay, ADHD, obesity, abnormal motor functioning, learning disability, and somatic complaints.

Results
Neuropsychological testing indicated average intellectual functioning (FSIQ = 94). There were strengths in verbal comprehension (VCI = 116), verbal learning, and reading, with relative weaknesses in non-verbal ability (NVI = 83), non-verbal learning, and math. Scores on measures of social perception (Affect Recognition, Theory of Mind) were consistent with verbal ability.

Conclusions
This is an important case in understanding Chung-Jansen syndrome and PHIP. Most key clinical features are present (e.g., ADHD, atypical social behavior, obesity), albeit at a higher level of intellectual functioning. PHIP has typically been associated with intellectual disability; the present case suggests that the clinical pattern is present with higher functioning individuals as well. Genetic testing may be warranted when evaluating individuals with average cognitive functioning and relative strengths in verbal ability along with co-occurring atypical social behavior, ADHD, and obesity.
PGR - 2 Demons In The Mirrors: A Childhood Case Report of 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome First Addressed By Tele-Neuropsychological Evaluation During The COVID-19 Lockdown
Authors: Pizer Jasmin H , Myers Melissa A , Hill Benjamin D 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11DS) results in physical, cognitive, and behavioral issues. Although it is the most common microdeletion syndrome, there remains a high prevalence of delayed diagnosis. Its heterogeneous phenotypic presentation lead to differing considerations for early diagnostic identification. If initial symptomatology includes behavioral and cognitive disturbance, it is likely for such individuals to be referred first for neuropsychological testing before genetic testing. This case will expand upon diagnostic identification of 22q11DS.

Method
A 12-year-old, 5-years educated, white female was seen for tele-neuropsychological evaluation due to COVID-19 restrictions in December 2020. Patient’s mother reported concern regarding sudden and worsening behavioral changes including hallucinations, unusual affects, odd beliefs, academic decline, illegible handwriting, attention and memory issues, and behavioral problems in school to the point of removal.

Results
Overall performance on the Meyers Neuropsychological Battery was severely impaired. See uploaded image file for specific test findings. Speech, affect, and behavior were notable during examination. Diagnoses included schizophrenia (provisional) and specific learning disorder with reading impairment (historical). Immediate neurology consultation was recommended. Later EEG, brain MRI, and CSF were unremarkable. Acute metabolic etiology was ruled out. Subsequent genetic testing revealed 22q11DS.

Conclusions
Diagnostic identification of 22q11DS and resulting access to care management heavily depends on initial symptom presentation. In this specific case, the COVID-19 lockdown created barrier to sufficient services. This case expands upon knowledge of the cognitive profile of 22q11DS and calls upon increased awareness. Targeted improvement of neurocognition potentially protects against cognitive decline related to psychotic symptoms, and thus neuropsychologists play a vital role in referral to such resources.
AGR - 2 Colloid Cyst: Underrecognized Neuropsychological Sequalae of a Neurosurgical Diagnosis
Authors: Bender Heidi , Bander Evan , Gavarrete-Olvera Alice , Giambrone Julia , Katsman Kseniya , Muhareb Samer , Rosen Kate , Sacks-Zimmerman Amanda , Seger Madison , Souweudane Mark , Tosi Umberto , Yap David L 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Colloid cysts are a benign, fluid-filled collection often found in the rostral third ventricle at/near the foramen of Monro, accounting for 0.5–2% of all brain tumors. Modifying factors of neurocognition include: resultant hydrocephalus, mass effect, as well as size, location and laterality of cyst. The modality of neurosurgical intervention/approach also impacts the risk of post-operative neurocognitive morbidity. This grand rounds presentation reviews relevant literature - anchored by our own research - highlighting neuropsychological assessment considerations and possible interventional strategies in order to enhance outcomes in patients with colloid cyst.

Method
Neuropsychological test data evaluating 20 patients who underwent neuropsychological assessment pre- and post-endoscopic removal of a colloid cyst are discussed. Comprehensive testing included gold-standard metrics of attention, executive functioning, learning, memory, visuospatial abilities, language, motor, and mood. Neuroimaging data, surgical parameters and pre and post-neurosurgical neuropsychological test data are also presented on all patients. Additionally, a small subset of patients were evaluated post-computerized cognitive remediation to establish treatment efficacy.

Results
For each variable, a paired t-test was performed between the pre- and post-operative z-score. Only one sub-score evinced a statistically significant change post-operatively (p = 0.037), with Stroop Color-Word score improving from pre-surgical baseline. No other metric or analyzed sub-score reached statistical significance.

Conclusions
Though obtained findings argue against post-operative declines, a variety of neuroanatomical, neurosurgical, neuropsychological, and behavioral factors underscore the need for a coordinated, multi-disciplinary approach to continuity of care in this patient population, as well as others with non-cancerous brain tumors and/or cysts.
A - 4 Establishing Test–Retest Reliability of Large-Scale Neural Networks after Neurotrauma: toward Clinically Useful Biomarkers
Authors: Mullin Hollie , Carpenter Catherine M , Cwiek Andrew P , Lan Gloria , Carter Emily E , Vervoordt Samantha , Rabinowitz Amanda R , Venkatesan Umesh M , Hillary Frank G 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Integrating neuropsychological assessment and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) may provide crucial information about brain functioning and cognition. However, rsfMRI is not ready to be used clinically due to questions about reproducibility. This study investigated the test–retest reliability of resting-state networks in moderate-to-severe TBI using back-to-back rsfMRI scans.

Method
51 TBI participants and 28 healthy controls received two, 10-minute rsfMRI scans separated by minutes. The data were preprocessed with fMRIPrep. XcpEngine was used to divide the brain into 264 regions based on the Power atlas, which were then grouped into 13 brain networks. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated to examine the reliability of within-network connectivity (strength of a region’s connection to other regions within the same network) for each network across each participant’s two scans.

Results
ICCs for healthy controls varied in reliability (ICCs = 0.42–0.80). ICCs for the TBI group varied similarly (ICCs = 0.41–0.86). For both groups, the most reliable networks were the dorsal attention, visual, and sensory networks (ICCs = 0.77–0.81). The least reliable networks were the cerebellar and ventral attention networks (ICCs = 0.42–0.43). Overlapping intervals for the ICC values indicated non-significant differences in network reliability between the healthy control and TBI groups.

Conclusions
Results suggest that within-network connectivity is more reliable in attentional and sensory networks, even after significant neurological compromise. However, the variability of within-network ICCs should continue to be explored. Alterations in network reliability may relate to changes in cognition and serve as a starting point to identify resting-state biomarkers, especially after moderate-to-severe TBI.
A - 6 Applying Artificial Intelligence Language Models for Knowledge Integration of Neuroimaging, Health Behavioral Assessment, and Clinical Intervention: Potential Impact on Brain Health in Special Operators
Authors: Chacko Thomas , Toole J Tory , Oh Hyuk , Lu Calvin , Reinhard Matthew , Brewster Ryan , Forsten Robert , Barrett John , Costanzo Michelle , Broderick Gordon 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Specialized military groups like Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) personnel can suffer allostatic overload leading to complex health outcomes characterized as Operator Syndrome (OS). Here we (1) evaluate Brodmann’s Areas (BA) brain regions associated with OS-related behavioral health symptoms then (2) explore how DoD/VA-recommended clinical interventions relate to these brain regions using large-scale automated text mining.

Data Selection
Neuroimaging reported by Brodmann’s Areas and 9 behavioral symptom measures and constructs of interest were extracted from full-text peer-reviewed publications using both rule-based and generative AI natural language processing (NLP) engines. The relationships linking BA regions with behavioral symptoms and the 7 interventions were assessed, with a focus on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) severity.

Data Synthesis
The network connected behavioral health symptoms and 39 of 52 BA regions through 131 interactions. Co-occurring PTSD and TBI associations to BA (counting ≥3 citations) were detected with the precentral gyrus (BA4), premotor cortex and supplementary motor cortex (BA6), middle temporal gyrus (BA21), superior temporal gyrus (BA22), angular gyrus (BA39), and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (BA46). Behavioral interventions of Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT), Prolonged Exposure Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy were found to modulate BA 6, with CPT alone also modulating BA 46. Only the pharmacotherapy fluoxetine (SSRI) related to BA6.

Conclusions
NLP offers a rapid means of exploring complex injuries in Veterans. Future investigations will test these models using acquired data from EOD veterans and specific neuroimaging modalities (e.g., BOLD fMRI) to determine how they might improve understanding of health sequelae of environmental exposures and inform intervention.
A - 7 Genome-Wide Association Study of Traumatic Brain Injury in U.S. Military Veterans
Authors: Merritt Victoria C , Maihofer Adam X , Gasperi Marianna , Ketema Elizabeth , Chanfreau-Coffinier Catherine , Stein Murray B , Panizzon Matthew S , Hauger Richard L , Logue Mark W , Delano-Wood Lisa , Nievergelt Caroline M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Large-scale genetic studies of traumatic brain injury (TBI) are lacking; thus, our understanding of the influence of genetic factors on TBI risk and recovery is incomplete. This study aimed to conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of TBI in VA Million Veteran Program (MVP) enrollees.

Method
Participants included a multi-ancestry cohort (European, African, and Hispanic ancestries; N = 304,485; 111,494 TBI cases, 192,991 controls). TBI was assessed using MVP survey data and ICD codes from electronic health records. GWAS was performed using logistic regression in PLINK, and FUMA was used for post-GWAS analysis. Genetic correlations between TBI and several health domains (risk-taking behaviors, psychiatric disorders, neurocognitive variables, and brain morphometrics) were also evaluated.

Results
SNP-based heritability was 0.060 (SE = 0.004, p = 7.83x10–66). GWAS analysis identified 15 genome-wide significant loci at p &lt; 5x10–8. Gene-based analyses revealed 14 gene-wide significant genes, including NCAM1, APOE, FTO, and FOXP2. Gene tissue expression analysis identified the brain as significantly enriched, particularly in the frontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and nucleus accumbens. Genetic correlations with TBI were significant for risk-taking behaviors and psychiatric disorders, but generally non-significant for neurocognitive and brain morphometric variables. The strongest genetic correlation was with PTSD (rg = 0.69, SE = 0.04, p = 2.5x10–75).

Conclusions
This first well-powered GWAS of TBI showed that TBI is a heritable trait and identified 15 loci including genes relevant to TBI biology. Findings also revealed high genetic correlations with psychiatric and risk-taking traits, significantly advancing understanding of the genetic basis of TBI. Results set the stage for future TBI GWASs that focus on diversity and chronicity of symptom sequelae.
A - 8 Sleep Complaints Mediate the Relationship between Depression and Cognitive Performance in College Athletes
Authors: Thomas Garrett , Bradson Megan L , Riegler Kaitlin E , Arnett Peter A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Depression and sleep disturbance often co-occur, and both have been found to negatively impact cognitive functioning. This study aims to examine sleep as a potential mediator between depression and cognitive functioning in college athletes.

Method
897 collegiate athletes (F = 230) completed a comprehensive neuropsychological battery including self-reported symptom measures. The Beck Depression Inventory-Fast Screen was used to measure depression, and the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) sleep cluster was used to quantify sleep disturbance. Depression was examined dichotomously (depressed/non-depressed). Neurocognitive functioning was examined via z-score composites of attention/processing speed (A/PS) and memory. Two mediation analyses, with depression as the independent variable, sleep disturbance as the mediator, and A/PS or memory performance as outcomes were conducted using the SPSS PROCESS macro, with 5000 bootstrap samples and 95% confidence interval.

Results
In the first mediation, depression was significantly associated with poorer A/PS performance (ß = -0.13, p = 0.02) and greater sleep disturbance (ß = 1.89, p &lt; 0.001). Sleep disturbance was also negatively associated with A/PS performance (ß = -0.01, p = 0.03). After controlling for sleep disturbance, the relationship between depression and A/PS performance became non-significant (ß = -0.10, p = 0.08, indirect effect = −0.08, 95%CI[−0.057,-0.004]), indicating mediation via sleep disturbance. In the second mediation model, depression was not significantly associated with memory performance, so the mediation was discontinued.

Conclusions
Sleep disturbance fully mediated the relationship between depression and A/PS performance. This suggests that sleep problems account for the relationship between depression and A/PS. Future work should examine interventions aimed at improving sleep in depressed college athletes which may translate to better academic and athletic performance through improved attention and processing speed.
A - 9 The Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Rating Scale Identifies Early Motor Symptoms in Primary Progressive Aphasia
Authors: Morrow Christopher , Kamath Vidyulata , Onyike Chiadi , Pantelyat Alexander 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
This study examined cross-sectional differences in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Rating Scale (PSPRS) scores among participants with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and primary progressive aphasia (PPA). We hypothesized that participants with nonfluent/agrammatic PPA (nfPPA) will show the highest (worst) PSPRS scores and greater gray matter atrophy in regions associated with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) pathology.

Method
Participants were enrolled in the ARTFL LEFFTDS Longitudinal Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration consortium (ALLFTD). Analyses were limited to first visit data. Ten anatomic regions of interest were pre-selected for analysis based on previously identified neuroanatomic correlates of PSPRS performance. Differences in participant characteristics and clinical outcomes were compared using pairwise comparison of means. Linear multivariable regression adjusting for age and total intracranial volume was used to examine associations between regional gray matter volumes and diagnosis. The analyses were stratified by disease severity.

Results
Participants with early-stage nfPPA had higher total PSPRS scores compared to those with bvFTD or semantic dementia (SD) and performed more poorly on domains of dysphagia, fine motor movements, falls, postural stability, dysarthria, saccadic eye movements, and motor rigidity. Participants with advanced-stage nfPPA showed greater atrophy in the left putamen, supplementary motor area, and precentral gyrus than those with bvFTD.

Conclusion
Our study highlights the phenotypic complexity of PPA and the utility of the PSPRS in capturing early motor symptoms in nfPPA. These data suggest that the PSPRS may facilitate early intervention in identifying and facilitating treatment of early motor symptoms, decreasing disability and improving quality of life in PPA.
A - 11 Cognitive and Clinical Correlates of Olfactory Function in Adults with Epilepsy
Authors: Yang Xiao , Raman Shreya , Buchholz Alison , Morra Lindsay F , Kang Joon Y , Kim Min Jae , Del Bene Victor A , Kamath Vidyulata 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Olfactory dysfunction is well-documented in epilepsy. We recently found that olfactory assessment may have clinical utility in identifying surgical candidates with intractable epilepsy who benefit from magnetic resonance–guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRgLiTT). However, the demographic, clinical, and cognitive correlates of olfaction in epilepsy remain unclear and could aid in understanding its potential utility in clinical examinations.

Method
We identified 60 outpatients with epilepsy (mean age = 38.22 ± 13.84 years; 50% male; 89.3% right-handed; seizure location: 45.0% left, 33.3% right, 13.3% bilateral, 8.3% unspecified) referred for neuropsychological evaluation in the Johns Hopkins Division of Medical Psychology Clinic. Neuropsychological evaluation included the 16-item Sniffin’ Sticks Odor Identification Test. Linear regression models were used to examine associations between 1) olfaction and demographic/clinical characteristics (age, sex, education, duration of illness, seizure laterality) and 2) olfaction and cognition (processing speed, language, auditory-verbal and visuospatial memory, executive functioning; adjusted for demographic/clinical characteristics).

Results
Olfactory performance was not significantly associated with demographic or clinical characteristics. Across all participants, better olfactory performance was associated with better auditory-verbal memory (B = 5.04, t(46) = 4.16, p &lt; 0.001) and visual confrontation naming (B = 1.53, t(45) = 4.11, p &lt; 0.001) with correction for multiple comparisons. In a subset with lateralizing epilepsy (n = 47), better odor identification performance remained a significant predictor of the aforementioned cognitive measures with adjustment for demographic and clinical characteristics.

Conclusions
Consistent with work in other neurologic conditions, our preliminary findings indicate that olfactory function is associated with verbally-mediated neuropsychological measures in epilepsy. Future studies utilizing pre-surgical neuroimaging will examine the association between olfaction, cognition, and radiographic markers of tissue integrity in epilepsy.
A - 12 Traumatic Brain Injury Characteristics Are Not Related to Neurocognitive Decline in Older Adults: a Nationwide Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Schaffert Jeff , LoBue Christian , Chiang Hsueh-Sheng , Peters Matthew , Cullum C Munro 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Evaluate if traumatic brain injury (TBI) characteristics, age of injury, or recency of injury is related to course of neurocognitive decline in aging and/or increases conversion rates to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or all-cause dementia later in life.

Methods
Data were obtained from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center for participants 50–85 years old with 3 to 5 visits from 2015–2022. Groups were stratified by: 1) self-reported TBI history (No TBI [n = 2382], Single TBI without loss of consciousness [LOC; n = 102], Single TBI w/LOC [n = 228], Multiple TBI without LOC [n = 36], and Multiple TBI w/LOC [n = 115]), 2) age of most recent TBI (No TBI [n = 2382], TBI = 65 years old [n = 76]), and 3) recency of TBI (no TBI [n = 2382], 15 years ago [n = 301]). Mixed linear models compared normed neuropsychological composite trajectories (executive functioning/attention/speed, language, memory, and overall), co-varying for age, gender, education, apolipoprotein E4 status, and baseline diagnosis (normal aging n = 1720, MCI n = 749, or dementia n = 417). Logistic binary regression examined MCI/dementia conversion rates.

Results
Longitudinal neurocognitive trajectories in composite measures were similar among TBI groups (example figure below). Specific TBI history, age of injury, or recency of injury did not impact neurocognitive trajectories or conversion rates to MCI or dementia (all p’s &gt; 0.01).

Conclusions
TBI history, regardless of injury characteristics, age, or recency, did not worsen neurocognitive decline or MCI/dementia conversion. The mechanism and factors that increase dementia risk after TBI are unclear. Additional longitudinal research in carefully designed longitudinal cohorts is needed.