bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation of the Larvicidal Activities of Three Organic Extracts Derived from the Leaves of Cassia sieberiana to Control Anopheles gambiae, the Vector of Malaria
Authors: Kébé Mamadou , Diouf El Hadji Gorgui , Ndour Mamadou Latyr , Faye Adama , Sarr Abdou , Ndior Talibouya , Camara Ndeye Bineta , Ngom Mamadou , Sarr Baboucar , Sène Aboubacry 
Published: February 2024

Senegal is one of the African countries where malaria remains a major public health problem. In the fight against mosquitoes, the vector of this disease, the significant accumulation of active ingredients in ecosystems treated with synthetic insecticides poses an increased environmental problem linked to the very high persistence time.
The aim of this study is to propose an alternative method of vector control using natural products of plant origin.
Three organic extracts (cyclohexanic, chloroformic and methanolic) from the leaves of Cassia sieberiana were tested by contact on mosquito larvae of the genus Anopheles gambiae. Four doses of each extract were prepared and monitored over 48 hours.
The families of chemical compounds in the various organic extracts are identified using coloring and precipitation tests.
The results obtained show a variable sensitivity of the larvae, reflected in low to very high mortality rates when moving from one extract to another. The chloroform extract was the most effective, with a mortality rate of just under 90% after 48 hours' exposure.
Phytochemical screening reveals that this plant is rich in secondary metabolites such as polyphenols and alkaloids, which could explain its larvicidal activity.
Phyto-Extract-Based Weed Management in Organic Sweet Corn: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Emmiganur Kiran , Matiwade, P. S.  , Sanadi Ummesalma , Goudra Shivanand , Shivashankar, K.  
Published: February 2024

A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2020 and 2021 to study the weed management in organic sweet corn through phyto-extracts at the Main Agricultural Research Station, University of Agriculture Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka. The experiment with randomized complete block design (RCBD) was laid out with fifteen treatments, comprises of four Phyto extracts of 30% concentration (Parthenium hysterophorus, Cassia sericea, Lantana camara and Prosopis juliflora) in combinations with directed spray of respective extract at pre-emergence, 20, 40 DAS fb one inter cultivation at 40 DAS fb hand weeding and another three treatments namely T13: inter-cultivation at 20 and 40 DAS fb one hand weeding at 20 DAS, T14: weedy check and T15: weed free check. The pooled data of the experiment indicated that, inter-cultivation at 20 and 40 DAS and one hand weeding at 20 DAS recorded significantly higher the fresh cob yield (180.26 q ha-1), fresh fodder yield (341.66 q ha-1), net returns (Rs. 2,45,049 ha-1) and B:C ratio (4.16) with higher WCE as compared to other treatments. Among different phyto-extract treatments with time of application, directed spray of Parthenium hysterophorus at 30% leaf extract at 20 DAS and one inter-cultivation at 40 DAS followed by hand weeding recorded significantly higher the fresh cob yield (159.15 q ha-1), fresh fodder yield (315.13 q ha-1), net returns (Rs. 2,07,914 ha-1) and B:C ratio (3.66) with the higher WCE 80.40 and 68.76 per cent at 60 DAS and at harvest, respectively as compared to other phyto-extract treatments.
Sulfatasen: Struktur, Mechanismus, biologische Aktivität, Inhibition, Anwendung in Synthesen
Authors: Hanson Sarah R. , Best Michael D. , Wong Chi‐Huey 
Published: October 2004

AbstractSulfatasen – d. h. Sulfatester spaltende Enzyme – spielen eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Regulierung von Sulfatierungszuständen, die über die Funktion vieler physiologischer Moleküle entscheiden. Die Substrate der Sulfatasen reichen von kleinen cytosolischen Steroiden wie dem Östrogensulfat bis hin zu komplexen Kohlenhydraten auf Zelloberflächen, etwa den Glycosaminoglycanen. Die Umwandlung dieser Moleküle wurde mit wichtigen zellulären Funktionen in Verbindung gebracht, z. B. mit der Hormonregulation, dem zellulären Abbau und der Modulation von Signalisierungsprozessen. Sulfatasen hängen mit dem Ausbruch etlicher pathophysiologischer Erscheinungen zusammen, etwa mit hormonabhängigen Krebsformen. Bis heute sind zwar zahlreiche Sulfatasen identifiziert worden, die Aufklärung des weitreichenden Spektrums ihrer biologischen Aktivitäten befindet sich aber erst am Anfang. Dieser Aufsatz gibt einen Überblick über den derzeitigen Wissensstand zu den Strukturen, Mechanismen und der Inhibition von Sulfatasen.
Neue Terrasse Dresden
Authors: Fink Roland , Jentzsch Klaus‐Jürgen , Mathes Donald , Schäfer Christian , Wörzberger Ralf 
Published: October 2004

AbstractDie Vedouten Canalettos dokumentieren, daß sich die Stadt Dresden trotz verheerender Zerstörungen durch den 2. Weltkrieg ihre einzigartige, unverwechselbare Silhouette bewahrt hat. Sie wird durch bedeutende Bauten aus verschiedenen Epochen entlang der Brühlschen Terrasse mit den anliegenden Gebäuden und der Semperoper mit dem sich anschließenden Landtagsneubau begrenzt. Das Kongreßzentrum schließt die Charakteristika der Stadtsilhouette mit seiner modernen Architektursprache in beeindruckender Weise ab.Der Beitrag soll die ingenieurtechnischen Leistungen an diesem Gebäude verdeutlichen. Dazu werden sowohl die Konstruktion des Gebäudes, seine Gründung und die Probleme der unmittelbaren Flußnähe vorgestellt, als auch Lösungen für die weitgespannte und unterspannte geneigte Decke der Säle in fugenloser Bauweise erläutert. Weitere Schwerpunkte sind das Schwingungsverhalten unter der Erregersituation von Menschenansammlungen, die Verformungsbegrenzung und der Brandschutz.
Neufassung der Empfehlung Nr. 1 des Arbeitskreises “Versuchstechnik Fels” der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geotechnik e. V.: Einaxiale Druckversuche an zylindrischen Gesteinsprüfkörpern
Authors: Mutschler Thomas 
Published: October 2004

AbstractDer Arbeitskreis AK 3.3 “Versuchstechnik Fels” der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geotechnik e. V. erarbeitet Empfehlungen für felsmechanische Laborversuche und Feldversuche sowie Messungen im Gebirge und an Bauwerken. Die vorliegende Neufassung der Empfehlung Nr. 1 behandelt den einaxialen Druckversuch an Gesteinsprüfkörpern und berücksichtigt die Weiterentwicklungen der Prüfmaschinen‐ und Versuchstechnik seit der gleichnamigen Empfehlung Nr. 1 von 1979. Es werden die Anforderungen an die Prüfeinrichtung und die Prüfkörper sowie die Vorgehensweisen für die Durchführung und Auswertung von einaxialen Druckversuchen festgelegt. Wesentliche Neuerungen bestehen in Optionen, die es ermöglichen, das Verformungsverhalten im Vorbruch‐Bereich in reversible (elastische) und irreversible (anelastische) Anteile zu trennen und das Nachbruch‐Verhalten zu erfassen. Die häufigsten Anwendungsfälle werden mit 12 Standard‐Versuchsoptionen abgedeckt.
Cellular stiffness response to external deformation: Tensional homeostasis in a single fibroblast
Authors: Mizutani Takeomi , Haga Hisashi , Kawabata Kazushige 
Published: October 2004

AbstractStiffness responses of fibroblasts were measured by scanning probe microscopy, following elongation or compression by deformation of an elastic substrate by 8%. The cellular stiffness, reflecting intracellular tension acting along stress fibers, decreased or increased instantly in response to the elongating or compressing stimuli, respectively. After this rapid change, the fibroblasts gradually recovered to their initial stiffness during the following 2 h, and then stabilized. The cells did not show conspicuous changes in shape after the 8% deformation during the SPM measurements. Fluorescence examination for GFP‐actin demonstrated that the structure of the stress fibers was not altered noticeably by this small degree of deformation. Treatment with Y‐27632, to inhibit myosin phosphorylation and abrogate cellular contractility, eliminated the change in stiffness after the mechanical elongation. These results indicate that fibroblasts possess a mechanism that regulates intracellular tension along stress fibers to maintain the cellular stiffness in a constant equilibrium state. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 59:242–248, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Boundary layers for cellular flows at high Péclet numbers
Authors: Novikov Alexei , Papanicolaou George , Ryzhik Lenya 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWe analyze the behavior of solutions of steady advection‐diffusion problems in bounded domains with prescribed Dirichlet data when the Péclet number Pe ≫ 1 is large. We show that the solution converges to a constant in each flow cell outside a boundary layer of width O(ϵ1/2), ϵ = Pe−1, around the flow separatrices. We construct an ϵ‐dependent approximate “water pipe problem” purely inside the boundary layer that provides a good approximation of the solution of the full problem but has ϵ‐independent computational cost. We also define an asymptotic problem on the graph of streamline separatrices and show that solution of the water pipe problem itself may be approximated by an asymptotic, ϵ‐independent problem on this graph. Finally, we show that the Dirichlet‐to‐Neumann map of the water pipe problem approximates the Dirichlet‐to‐Neumann map of the separatrix problem with an error independent of the flow outside the boundary layers. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Probing Ligand–Protein Recognition with Sum‐Frequency Generation Spectroscopy: The Avidin–Biocytin Case
Authors: Dreesen Laurent , Sartenaer Yannick , Humbert Christophe , Mani Alaa A. , Méthivier Christophe , Pradier Claire‐Marie , Thiry Paul A. , Peremans André 
Published: October 2004

AbstractInfrared/visible sum‐frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy is used to study the recognition of a protein (avidin) by a derived vitamin (biocytin) adsorbed on a calcium fluoride substrate. The specificity of the process is tested by replacing avidin with bovine serum albumin or presaturated avidin. The SFG spectroscopy shows drastic modifications in the CH and NH spectral ranges only upon exposure of the biocytin film to avidin. The comparison of the SFG data with Fourier transform infrared reflection absorption spectra (FT‐IRRAS) in the same spectral ranges illustrates the advantages of nonlinear spectroscopy for studying and detecting recognition between biomolecules.
Reaction of Mercury(0) with the I2 Adduct of Tetraphenyldithioimidodiphosphinic Acid (SPPh2)2NH (HL) − Crystal Structures of [Hg(HL)I2] and HgL2
Authors: Aragoni M. Carla , Arca Massimiliano , Carrea M. Bonaria , Demartin Francesco , Devillanova Francesco A. , Garau Alessandra , Isaia Francesco , Lippolis Vito , Verani G. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe complex [Hg(HL)I2] (1) has been synthesised by reacting liquid Hg(0) in Et2O under mild reaction conditions with the I2 adduct of HL, HL·I2, while HgL2 (2) has been obtained from the reaction of compound 1 with HL in CH3CN. A single‐crystal X‐ray investigation of 1 shows four independent molecules in the asymmetric unit, each of which contains an HgII ion coordinated to two iodine atoms and two sulfur atoms of one bidentate neutral ligand in a distorted tetrahedral coordination geometry. Compound 2 consists of two anionic ligands coordinated to an HgII ion, which again displays a distorted tetrahedral coordination sphere. The reaction of 2 with HI (55 wt.‐% in water) affords [Hg(HL)2](I)2 (3). Compounds 1, 2, and 3 have been characterised by FT‐IR and 31P NMR spectroscopy. Density functional calculations suggest that compound 3 should feature a distorted tetrahedral coordination around the metal centre, with unequal Hg−S bond lengths. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
A Triiron Complex Containing the Carboxylate‐Free {Fe3(μ3‐O)}7+ Core and Distorted Pentagonal‐Bipyramidal Metal Centres
Authors: Sreerama Subramanya Gupta , Pal Samudranil 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe reaction of Fe(ClO4)3·6H2O, 1,2‐bis(biacetylmonoximeimino)ethane (H2bamen) and triethylamine (1:1:2 mol ratio) in methanol affords a trinuclear complex with the formula [Fe3(μ3‐O)(μ3‐bamen)3]ClO4·2H2O. The structure of the complex cation in this species shows a symmetric planar central {Fe3(μ3‐O)}7+ unit coordinated to three N4O2 donor bridging (via oximate groups) ligands (bamen2−). The N4O3 coordination sphere around each metal centre is very close to pentagonal‐bipyramidal. Four N atoms of one bamen2− and the oxo group satisfy five coordination sites and form a pentagonal plane around the metal ion. The axial sites are occupied by two oximato O atoms from the other two bamen2− ligands. Thus, in addition to the μ3‐oxo group, two oximate groups provide two additional bridges between each pair of metal centres. In the crystal lattice, the water molecules exist as hydrogen‐bonded dimers and these water dimers together with the perchlorate ions form a hydrogen‐bond‐supported helix. The complex cations form a chain via C−H···O interactions involving a methyl group and a metal‐coordinated oximato O atom. The helix of {(H2O)2ClO4−} units and the chain of [Fe3O(bamen)3]+ cations are connected by O−H···O interactions which involve a water molecule and a second oximato O atom. In its cyclic voltammogram, the complex displays metal‐centred oxidation as well as reduction responses. Variable‐temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements revealed the presence of an antiferromagnetic interaction [J = −41.0(2) cm−1] between the FeIII centres in this complex. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
A Kinetic Study on the Reactions of Azolato‐Bridged Dinuclear Platinum(II) Complexes with Guanosine 5′‐Monophosphate
Authors: Komeda Seiji , Yamane Hirotoshi , Chikuma Masahiko , Reedijk Jan 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBy using 1H NMR spectroscopy the reactions of [{cis‐Pt(NH3)2}2(µ‐OH)(µ‐pz)](NO3)2 (1), [{cis‐Pt(NH3)2}2(µ‐OH)(µ‐1,2,3‐ta‐N1,N2)](NO3)2 (2) and [{cis‐Pt(R,R‐dach)}2(µ‐OH)(µ‐pz)](NO3)2 (3) with guanosine 5′‐monophosphate (GMP) were monitored spectroscopically in 0.1 M phosphate D2O solutions at three different pD values (5.4, 6.9, 8.4). From the investigations some kinetic information was obtained. The reaction rate for all these complexes become higher when the pD decreases. In addition, for the reactions performed in unbuffered solutions (pD 8.2), the reactivity of all the complexes for GMP was found to increase dramatically. The 1:2 reaction products were characterized by 1H, 195Pt, and 31P NMR spectroscopy. Reactions of 2 with GMP include an unusual ligand‐binding isomerization, resulting from the Pt atom migration along the 1,2,3‐triazolato ring. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Electrochemical detector based on sol‐gel‐derived carbon composite material for capillary electrophoresis microchips
Authors: Sun Xiuhua , Yan Jilin , Yang Xiurong , Wang Erkang 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAn on‐chip disk electrode based on sol‐gel‐derived carbon composite material could be easily and reproducibly fabricated. Unlike other carbon‐based electrodes reported previously, this detector is rigid, convenient to fabricate, and amenable to chemical modifications. Based on the stable and reproducible characters of this detector, a copper particle‐modified detector was developed for the detection of carbohydrates which extends the application of the carbon‐based electrode. In our experiments, the performance of the new integrated detector for rapid on‐chip measurement of epinephrine and glucose was illustrated. Experimental procedures including the fabrication of this detector, the configuration of separation channel outlet and electrode verge, and the performance characteristics of this new electrochemical detector were investigated.
Chemical analysis of raw, dry‐roasted, and honey‐roasted licorice by capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Sung Michael W. , Li Paul C. H. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIn herbal medicine, licorice is usually processed using a roasting procedure which might modify the chemical compositions in licorice. To test this hypothesis, licorice root samples were roasted under various conditions (with or without honey) and subsequently extracted by refluxing with 95% ethanol. The analysis of chemical compositions of licorice root extracts was achieved by capillary electrophoresis. The running buffer has been optimized to be 50 mM sodium tetraborate (pH 9.01) containing 5 mM β‐cyclodextrin. Thermal decomposition of glycyrrhizin, which was a major ingredient in licorice, was first studied in detail, indicating the conversion of glycyrrhizin to glycyrrhetinic acid. The licorice extracts were then analyzed to indicate the above thermal conversion did occur in the licorice samples. This finding may shed some light on understanding the differences in the therapeutic values of raw versus roasted licorice in herbal medicine.
Direct automatic determination of biogenic amines in wine by flow injection‐capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Santos Bricio , Simonet Bartolomé M. , Ríos Angel , Valcárcel Miguel 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA capillary electrophoresis‐electrospray mass spectrometry (CE‐ESI‐MS) method for the separation and determination of nine biogenic amines is proposed. Operational variables, such as the voltage, temperature, sheath liquid composition, flow‐rate, and MS parameters, were optimized. Samples are injected in the hydrodynamic mode into a 75 cm×50 μm ID coated capillary and separated by using 25 mM citric acid at pH 2.0. Heptylamine is used as internal standard. The experimental setup includes a flow manifold coupled to the CE system for automatic insertion of samples into the CE vials. The proposed method allows amines to be determined with limits of detection from 0.018 to 0.09 μg·mL‐1 and relative standard deviation (RSD) values from 2.4% to 5.0% (except 6.8% for histamine). The method was successfully used to determine biogenic amines in red and white wines.
Catching protein antigens by antibody affinity electrophoresis
Authors: Lee Bao‐Shiang , Gupta Shalini , Krisnanchettier Sangeeth , Lateef Syed S. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA new kind of affinity electrophoresis called antibody affinity electrophoresis is a technique used to capture protein antigens based on their interactions with specific monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies incorporated in the polyacrylamide gel. Polyclonal anti‐glutathione‐S‐transferase (anti‐GST), monoclonal anti‐bovine serum albumin (anti‐BSA), and polyclonal anti‐human α‐lactalbumin are embedded in distinct areas of a 7.5% native polyacrylamide gel. Some of the embedded antibodies get covalently and/or noncovalently incorporated into the gel matrix network. Under electrophoresis conditions, these antibodies do not show significant electrophoretic mobility, as compared to their specific protein antigen analytes. We observed that electrophoretic migration of GST, BSA, and protein G ceases when they encounter anti‐GST, anti‐BSA, and immunoglobulin G, respectively.
Determination of some acidic drugs in surface and sewage treatment plant waters by capillary electrophoresis‐electrospray ionization‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Macià Alba , Borrull Francesc , Calull Marta , Aguilar Carme 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWe describe an analytical method involving solid‐phase extraction (SPE) and capillary zone electrophoresis‐electrospray ionization‐mass spectrometry (CZE‐ESI‐MS) for determining some pharmaceutical compounds – naproxen, clofibric acid and bezafibrate – in real water samples. The electrospray parameters were optimized to maximize sensitivity. When a mixed aqueous‐organic solvent and CZE‐ESI‐MS were used to analyze these drugs in water samples, the capillary was coated with hexadimethrin bromide (HDB) to permanently reverse the EOF. The method was developed from off‐line SPE‐CZE‐MS and was validated with surface water. The detection limits were 100 ng·L‐1 for all analytes. The method was applied to analyze water samples from the influent and effluent of a sewage treatment plant. A liquid‐liquid extraction step was required before SPE, and the compounds studied were found, some of them between detection and quantification limits.
Electrophoretic separation of amyloid β peptides in plasma
Authors: Lewczuk Piotr , Esselmann Hermann , Bibl Mirko , Paul Sabine , Svitek Jana , Miertschischk Johannes , Meyrer Robert , Smirnov Alexandr , Maler Juan Manuel , Klein Christian , Otto Markus , Bleich Stefan , Sperling Wolfgang , Kornhuber Johannes , Rüther Eckhard , Wiltfang Jens 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIn this prospective study, for the first time we have separated and quantified amyloid β (Aβ) peptides in the plasma of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD, n = 8) and age‐ and environment‐matched healthy controls (n = 9) with urea‐based Aβ‐sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE)/immunoblot. In addition to the Aβ peptides 1–37/38/39/40/42, which we recently identified as regular constituents of human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), we have observed a novel electrophoretic band migrating slightly cathodically to Aβ1–42. Since a standard peptide with the amino acid sequence Aβ2–40 migrates in the same position, we hypothesize that this plasma‐specific band may correspond to Aβ2–40. The concentration of Aβ peptides in the plasma has been approximately 100‐fold lower compared to the CSF. Interestingly, the concentration of the two shortest peptides and the longest one of these considered here (i.e., Aβ1–37/38/42) have increased significantly when the samples have been frozen at –80°C before immunoprecipitation, while the ‘middle‐length' peptides (i.e., Aβ1–39/40) have not been affected by this procedure. We have not observed significant differences of the Aβ peptides concentrations between AD and control subjects. Our method can be used to investigate the significance of plasma Aβ peptides in neurodegenerative disorders, and to monitor the efficiency of drugs with β/γ‐secretase inhibitory potency.
Quantitative measurement of collagen methylation by capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Zhang Jing , Wei Hong‐Ping , Quek Chai‐Hoon , Chia Ser‐Mien , Yu Hanry 
Published: October 2004

AbstractCollagen methylation has been exploited in various applications involving living cells. We have observed correlation between the collagen methylation with the rate of cell proliferation in three‐dimensional (3‐D) microenvironment. To quantify the degree of collagen methylation, we have developed a capillary zone electrophoresis method. Using a polyvinyl alcohol‐coated fused‐silica capillary and UV detection at 200 nm, we have optimized pH and separated the native collagen into three major bands in phosphate buffer (50 mM, pH 2.5) with 0.05% hydroxypropylmethylcellulose. Under these conditions, the methylated collagens were separated into four major bands, which changed with different methylation reaction conditions. We propose an index to quantify the degree of collagen methylation that also correlates with their effects on cell proliferation.