bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
valuation of some viral kinetics of Lytic Bacteriophages Infecting Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Authors: M. R. Alkhafaf Dina 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Bacteriophages represent important groups of viruses that drive the bacterial populations in the ecosystems directly and control their numbers, unlike antibiotics they can kill the bacterial host without damaging or any harm to the normal microbial flora, so bacterial resistance to antibiotics is no more valuable problem if the use of phages becomes more efficient in use.
Aim:
The purpose of this study was to isolate and characterizing the phages that able to infect methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and determination of phages kinetics.
Methods:
Different techniques were used to isolate and propagate the MRSA phages, then phage kinetics were determined such as adsorption rate, eclipse period, burst size , phage host range, phage sensitivity to pH and temperature and the determination of phage nucleic acids.
Results:
Two types of anti-staphylococcal lytic bacteriophages primarily named Phage 1 and Phage 2 were isolated from sewage water. Phage 1 exhibited broad host spectrum it was lytic against all S. aureus isolates included for the study. Conversely, phage 2 have narrow host range as they could inhibit only 30 isolates, None of these phages inhibited a bacterium other than staphylococci species. The adsorption rate of Phage 1 was 2.1×10-10 ml min-1 while Phage 2 was 1.5×10-10 ml min-1. Eclipse and Latent periods of Phage 1 were 6, 13 minutes and for phage 2 were 8, 16 minutes respectively, the burst size of Phage 1 and Phage 2 were 83±15 pfu\cell and 37±10 pfu\cell respectively. Complete lysis time of Phage 1 particles was 4 hours while the complete lysis time of Phage 2 particles was 5 hours. Phages passaging results showed a remarkable increment in plaque forming unit (pfu) which were reached its maximal elevation at six passage in Phage 1 and fourth passage in Phage 2. Fitness of Phage 1 and Phage 2 were 22 ± 5 pfu\cell and 20 ± 2 pfu\cell respectively through six generations. The Phage 1 and Phage 2 particles were stabled at a wide range of pH (6-10) and temperatures (30-50°C), the optimal temperature of two phages were 37°C.
Conclusion:
Overall findings suggested that MRSA phages are well distributed in the environment and represent a good and promising tool to control the infections result by this bacteria in which antibiotic resistance will be overwhelmed successfully especially in external infections such as burns and skins infections, which are safe and very specific with less side effects than antibiotic.
Application of the Nasal Septal Cartilage graft For the correction of nasal deformity of unilateral cleft lip
Authors: Al-Baaj Salih Mahdi 
Published: January 2024

Background:
An intranasal surgical approach is often taken in reconstruction of the tip as a part of the cleft rhinoplasty. A rim incision provide maximal exposure to the nasal tip and usually obviates the need for external incisions.
The asymmetrical nasal deformity of unilateral cleft lip can be resistant to correction. All the components of the nose are involved; the cover, support lining and platform. Pathological anatomy of unilateral cleft nose includes (1) deflection of the nasal tip toward the side of the cleft, (2) posterior and inferior displacement of the dome of the alar cartilage on the cleft side, (3) an abuse angle between the medial and the lateral crura of the alar cartilage, (4) obtuse alar facial attachment, and (5) inward buckling of the alar on the cleft side. The alar-collumella web is unsightly and is difficult to correct in both secondary and primary surgery. The purpose of this article to improve the appearance of the nose by the correction of the alar web deformity in patients with unilateral cleft lip nasal deformities by introducing our cartilage graft technique inside the web.
Methods:
The article include 15 patients with alar webbing had underwent cleft lip surgery between May 2002 to July 2015. Most of the patient’s age are ranged between 13-25 years at the time of the surgery. The incision was an open rhinoplasty that including a reverse U shape incision. After that the cleft side was equalized with the dome angle of the healthy side, we use a nasal septal cartilage graft as a stiffy pattern to fix and stabilize the deformed converted web skin. The septal cartilage graft fixed to the cleft side web skin’s inner with (3-4) sutures to maintain the tackling of the vestibular skin.
The Results:
Many views basal and frontal are included postoperatively that have been showed, that the nostril and collummella had better shape. Our results showed that most patients demonstrated correction of the dropping alar and nasal tip and correction of the symmetry of the nostrils. The web cartilage graft was fixed to the deformed cleft side web skin’s inner with 3-4 sutures to prevent the tackling of the vestibular skin. Most of the patients have been followed up for a period ranged fro, 1-15 months.
The role of laparoscopic drilling in the treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome
Authors: Abdul-Hussein Handoz Ali , Abdulamer Nasir Shaimaa 
Published: January 2024

PCOS patients diagnose by having two of the following criteria: first oligo- and/or anovulation, second hyperandrogenism (by clinical picture with or without biochemical features), and lastly ultrasound findings of polycystic disease. The underlying cause of PCOS is unknown. Theories about cause may include genetic predisposition. The role laparoscopic drilling for ovaries show advancing in treatment of PCOD in form of restore ovulation specially those patients in whom there is resistant to clomiphene citrate or incompliant for long term therapy.
Aim of the study: in this retrospective study we discuss the role laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD) in the correction of ovulation failure in PCOD patients showing primary infertility.

Patients and methods: This study includes 50 patients female, age between (22-35) years old. Inclusion criteria including period of infertility of 1–10 year duration, body weight increase with (BMI 29–35 Kg/m2),gynecological problems with abnormal mensturation, clinical pictures goes with high level of androgen hormone like acne vulgaris and hirsutism.
RESULTS: 50 patients were studied here .In 40 patients (80%), they show no menstrual cycle changes. Follow up period was 12 months.30 of patient (60%) had pregnancy; the mean time for the first pregnancy was 3.5months after operation.
Comparison study stapled versus Hand sewn method for small bowel anastomosis surgery
Authors: Faris anoon Waleed , Khudhair khaddim Raheem , Abdshnein kadhem Ahmed 
Published: January 2024

Intestinal anastomosis is one of the most commonly performed procedure it is required to re-establish gastrointestinal continuity after surgical resection , traumatic disruption or bypass procedure.
Since the second half of the 20th century , mechanical suture (stapler) has been in use and became a popular method in bowel anastomosis.
Our study involved the comparing of the postoperative outcome between hand sewn anastomosis(HS) and stapled anastomosis(SA) for patients with trauma cases in emergency and elective cases .mainly in the view of duration of operation , postoperative hospitalization time , fistula formation rate , morbidity and mortality .
There were no significant differences between SA group and HS group in operative indication or other parameters.
In both emergency and elective intestinal surgery comparable results can be achieved using mechanical and manual anastomosis with the same outcome and no significant differences found only in the duration of the operation.
Clinically diagnosed neonatal seizures in Al- Diwanyah, an epidemiological study
Authors: K. Al-jeboori Rahman , K. Abd Aqeel , H. Farhan Thuraya , S. Dhaher Hamid 
Published: January 2024

Neonatal seizures are the most frequent and distinctive manifestations of neurological disturbances during the neonatal period. This retrospective study aimed to determine the incidence rate, causes and risk factors for neonatal seizures in Al-Diwanyah Province during one calendar year from the 1st of January, 2016 to 31st December, 2016
METHODS.Data were extracted from the records at Maternity and children Teaching Hospital in Al-Diwaniyah. All neonates who had developed clinically recognized seizures before 28 days of life were enrolled in the study. These data included gestational age (full or pre-term infant), maternal diseases and drug intake during the last trimester, family history of seizures, number of parities, consanguinity, mode of delivery (normal vaginal delivery or caesarian section) age and gender of neonate, body weight at birth (normal or low body weight), and age at which seizure has developed (early onset or delayed onset). Biochemical tests were blood sugar and serum calcium.

RESULTS
Out of 3167 recorded birth in the hospital, 113 neonates have developed seizure with overall incidence rate of 3.57%. Four main causes of seizures were recognized which were: asphyxia (34.5%), hypoglycemia (23%), hypocalcemia (14.16%) and intraventricular hemorrhage (7.08%). However, in 21.42% of cases, the cause(s) was/were undiagnosed.
DISCUSSION
Three risk factors (gender, family history of seizures and number of parities) were found to have no significant association with any of these causes of seizures. The other risk factors associated with these causes in different modes. Each of early onset of seizure, mother’s disease during pregnancy, caesarian section delivery and full term infant were significantly associated with hypoglycemia. Hypocalcemia, on the other hand, was significantly associated with delayed onset of seizures and preterm infants with low body weight, while there was very significant association between asphyxia and normal vaginal delivery. Although less frequent than other causes of seizure, intraventricular hemorrhage was found to be significantly associated with three risk factors (delayed onset of seizures, normal vaginal delivery and preterm infants). Finally, a positive significant association was found between consanguinity and undiagnosed causes of seizures
CONCLUSION.
These results pointed out the importance of asphyxia and hypoglycemia as the main causes of neonatal seizures. The most important risk factors associated with these causes are normal vaginal delivery, mother’s disease during pregnancy, and low body weight at birth.
Outcome of Abdominoplasty after one year post-operative
Authors: Al-Baaj Salih 
Published: January 2024

Background :
The majority of patients that have been underwent abdominoplasty show lasting weight loss after one year. This long term weight loss may be related to many factors, but the most obvious cause is the increase in satiety feelings full after eating. Many questions remain controversial about the permanent weight reduction.

Methods :
A retrospective study included those patients underwent abdominoplasty and we attempted to determine the most factor associated with weight loss. This study started between April 1999 to June 2010, it includes 40 patients underwent abdominoplasty at general and private hospitals. From the original 40 patients, 18 could not be contact for the follow up interview and thus were excluded from the results of the study. Other 2 patients were also excluded from the analysis because of their pregnancy in the postoperative years. Of the remaining 20 patients (4 males and 16 females), from them 2 patients had previously underwent bariatric surgery but those were included in our results. Those 20 patients ranged in age from 25 to 55 years.

Results:
All patients in this study that undergoing abdominoplasty had weight loss beyond that of their resected pannus, with minimum body mass index reach (18 + 2 weeks) after surgery. The weight loss is due to the increase in satiety by 75% (number = 15). A preoperative basal metabolic index greater than 24.5 K/m² can be used to predict the long term weight loss with sensitivity and specificity 95% and 85% respectively.
Conclusion:
Obese patients performed abdominoplasty with basal metabolic index greater than 24.5 Kg/m², appear to be more liable to lose weight after one year from the time of the operation. This is due to the increased satiety seen in many our patients is related to the changes in the neuroendocrine system. The removal of fat cells from the abdomen may leads to reduce the level of the hormones affecting appetite, which are secreted by fatty tissues. Sustained weight loss was also related more likely to greater amount of excess abdominal tissue removed.
Diagnosis of Klebssiella pneumonia Isolated from Clinical Cases of Hospital -Acquired Infection in Al-Dewaniyah Teaching Hospital.
Authors: M.Hamza AL-Hamdawee Akeel , K.Hassoon AL-Zeydi Abdul-Jabbar 
Published: January 2024

Background: Hospitalized infections are major problem affecting millions of peoples each year . Klebsiella infections are caused mainly by Klebsiella pneumoniae, the medically most important species of an important nosocomial pathogen, most frequently causing various clinical manifestation Objective: To identify the role of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from different clinical cases in hospital –acquired infections .
Methods: During the period from March to September, 2018, a total of 110 clinical specimens were collected from patients with different nosocomial infections who were referred to Al-Diwaniya Teaching Hospital . Bacterial isolates were identified to the level of species using the traditional morphological and biochemical diagnostic tests. Multiplex PCR assay was performed to detection and genotyping Klebsiella pneumoniae based on capsular antigen (K) gene.
Results: Out of 110 of different specimens of patients with nosocomial infections, only 39 (35.4%) Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were recovered. However, 47 specimens of sputum revealed 18 (16.36%) positive result; 37 urine specimens given 15 (13.36%) were positive for Klebsiella pneumoniae and 26 specimens of Burns and wounds gave 6 (5.45%) of K. pneumoniae, specimens. This study revealed that there was a predominance of K57, K1 and K2 serotypes in sputum, urine, burn and wound that isolated from patients with nosocomial infections.
Conclusion and Recommendation:The present study proved that K57 serotype was important virulence factor in the pathogenesis of K. pneumoniae in addition to predominant serotypes (K1 and K2) when compared with local serological studies.
Patient satisfaction on the availability of chronic diseases medications Case study at Al emamain Al khadimain medical city
Authors: Saab Hasan Abbas , Jaleel. Sebahi Ammar 
Published: January 2024

Introduction
Patient satisfaction is an important and commonly used indicator for measuring the quality in medical care, Patient satisfaction affects clinical outcomes, patient retention, and medical malpractice claims, it affects the timely, efficient, and patient-centered delivery of quality medical care.
Objective
The aim of the research is to identify the level of satisfaction of patients with chronic diseases about section of pharmacy, and the extent of availability of chronic disease medications at Al emamain Al- khadymain medical city, which is the research community.
Method
In this study, the study population was from patients with chronic diseases and those who are the inpatients and outpatients in Al emamain Al khadimain medical city, and their number is (76576) , who received treatment and had clear ideas about the level of medical services provided to them from the period of 1/11/2010 until 1/11/ 2011 , also included a group of pharmacists working in the pharmacy section and its units in the medical city and their number(46), who are responsible for the availability of chronic disease medicines for those patients.
a random sample of 40 patients and 12 pharmacists was selected at the medical city and the forms completed through their interview, the collected data analyzed statistically by using the statistical package (SPSS(, to evaluate the level of satisfaction in the areas and aspects of the interview, as well as the test of the scientific hypotheses to determine the extent to which the personal characteristics of the patient affect his or her satisfaction on the hospital as a whole and his satisfaction on the availability of chronic diseases medications .
RESULTS
One of the most important results from this research is that the level of general satisfaction of patients with chronic diseases in the medical city were not acceptable with (52.5%), while satisfaction on the availability of chronic disease medications show up (51%), and there was increase in general satisfaction for patients with chronic diseases on the medical city with the availability of medicines for chronic diseases, also there were many difficulties encountered in managing the hospital in the development of strategies and
Study of Trailer Growth in Candida albicans Associated with Azoles –Drug Resistance
Authors: Khalid  Kadhum Sozaan 
Published: January 2024

Background:Candida albicans is considered as one of the normal flora that habitat human body and has a virulence capability to cause an opportunistic mycoses,especially in immune-compromised individuals.
Objective:To evaluate the emergence of resistance to azole antifungals in C.albicans associated with trailing growth phenomena.
Methods: Different isolates of C.albicans were identified and tested against azole agents using disk diffusion and microdilution methods to test the antifungals susceptibility profile and determine the resistant isolates depending on the presence of trailer growth phenomena in media after 24-72 hours of incubation .
Results:The antifungals susceptibility profile showed the emergence of trailing growth in C.albicans grown in Sabouraud dextrose agar after 24-48 hours of incubation when tested with azole agents(flucocanozole and ketoconazole) and most of the sensitive and intermediate isolates revealed a trailing growth phenomena.
Conclusion:The present study proved the capability ofC.albicans to resist the azole antifungals even the sensitive isolates when tested toward antifungal drugs .
Common causes of death in childbearing age women in AL Diwanyia governorate/Iraq
Authors: Kadhim Challab Ahmed , Abdulzahra Al janabi Hussein , Hussein kandooh Sanaa , K. Krafe Jawad 
Published: January 2024

Background
Women in the reproductive age group comprise a dangerous part of ur population because they face a double burden of communicable and non communicable diseases in addition to high risk of pregnancy complication. Thus an expected death of women in reproductive age had big trauma to family in psychological and social level of other member in family.
Objective
1-To find out the unrecorded maternal death in health institution
2- To throw alight on most common causes of death in reproductive age groups woman
Methods
A cross sectional description type study was carried out from 1st june to 28thjune 2013 at Diwanyia city. The study enrolled data about dead women of child bearing age 12-49 year that occurred in period from January 2011 to December of 2012. Studied different types of variables age, residence, cause of death.Data were analyzed by (SPSS) like proportion.
Result
A total of 450 deaths in reproductive age group women were reported, of which 18 (4%) were maternal death while 432 (96%) were due to non maternal cause. Majority of the deaths occurred in the age group of 40 – 49 years 169 (37.6%), and the most cause of death are ischemic heart disease 97 (21.6%) follow by cancer 81(18%).
Conclusion:
Control of modern life styles such as increase in weight, proper management of pregnancy complications might be decrease death rate in child bearing age women.
Treatment of tennis elbow with platelet- rich- plasma.
Authors: Mahdi  saleh al-ardi Iskandar 
Published: January 2024

platelet-rich-plasma is increasingly used in tennis elbow. This study show the clinical outcomes of a single PRP injection .our study was done between Dec. 2015 and Oct. 2016, platelet-rich–plasma was administrated to thirty patients. All subjects underwent prospective clinical evaluation, including visual analog scale (VAS) for pain for six month follow up .most of the patient (VAS) significantly improve from (p > 0.05) after injection with platelet-rich –plasma .so as the result show the PRP injections in tennis elbow showed better improvement in outcomes .
Comparison of the effect of intravenous phenylephrin and ephedrine in treatment of hypotension after spinal anesthesia in cystoscopic surgery
Authors: Jabbar Kadhim Ahmed , Hameed Mahboba Jaafar 
Published: January 2024

Background: Hypotension may accompany cystoscopy during spinal anesthesia for which a variety of measures have been considered and none of which has accepted wide agreement. For that reason the present study was conducted.

Aim of the study: The objective was to study the changes in blood pressure during cystoscopy under spinal anesthesia in two groups of patients, one on ephedrine and the other on phenylephrin.
Patients and Methods: 100 patients were randomly assigned to two equal groups (n = 50). Randomization was done according to surgery list. Group 1 received ephedrine while group 2 received phenylephrine.
Results: Regarding systolic blood pressure, there was no significant difference in mean systolic blood pressure at baseline reading (P> 0.05); however, it was significantly higher in group 2 than in group 2 during follow up. Regarding diastolic blood pressure, there was no significant difference in mean diastolic blood pressure at baseline reading (P> 0.05); however, it was significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1 during follow up (P< 0.05). Regarding heart rate, there was no significant difference in mean heart rate at baseline reading (P> 0.05); however, it was significantly lower in group 2 than in group 1 during follow up (P< 0.05).
Conclusion: Phenylephrine is better than ephedrine in controlling hypotension after spinal anesthesia in cystoscopy.
Effect of Antibiotics Combination on Escherichia coli Contaminated Pacifier used by children suffering from diarrhea
Authors: Oudah Hamad Mohammed 
Published: January 2024

A total of eighty nine clinical samples were collected from pacifier of children patients with age1-48 months from both gender complaining from diarrhea in Hilla city. 19 isolates of E.coli were isolated and identified according to their morphological properties( cultural and microscopical) and biochemical tests and percentage (21.3%).Some clinical samples were showed Entamoeba histolytica ,Giardia lamblia and Trichomonas hominis and Monilia. The susceptibility of the all current isolates were carried out against 17 antibiotics, E.coli isolates were very sensitive to meropenem and impenem ,and sensitive to sefitrixon ,amikacin, and ciprofloxacin ,while its resistance to others antibiotics were different. The minimum inhibitory concentrations(MIC) of some present isolates were higher.The combination of - lactam antibiotics (amoxicillin and cefotaxim)with quinolones(ciprofloxacin)from side and aminoglycoside (amikacin) from other side , demonstrated effective synergism of these mixtures anti multidrug resistance E.coli isolates
Medicamentos y sus consecuencias como contaminantes emergentes
Authors: Zarazúa-Morín(+) María E. , Alfaro-Cruz María Rocío , Torres-Guerra Leticia Myriam 
Published: January 2024

Cuando hablamos y escuchamos de la contaminación ambiental, siempre hacemos referencia a las emisiones de dióxido de carbono (CO2) y de gases de efecto invernadero, los cuales han afectado gravemente a la humanidad. Sin embargo, una gran parte de ella proviene de los procesos industriales y de los deshechos que nosotros generamos cada día. En este sentido, los residuos provenientes de industrias textiles y farmacéuticas, hospitales, hogares, o productos de cuidado personal, son considerados contaminantes emergentes. Éstos no pueden eliminarse fácilmente en las plantas de tratamiento o purificadoras de agua, ya que en su mayoría tienen estabilidad química.