bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the impact of microaggressions on the genetic counseling student–supervisor relationship: A qualitative study
Authors: Ramsey Kyra , Carmichael Nikkola , Gutierrez‐Kapheim Melissa , Dell‐Suguitan Mike Darren , Bao Annie K. , Hoell Christin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGenetic counseling students with minoritized identities have reported experiencing microaggressions throughout graduate training, including from fieldwork supervisors. However, the impacts of these fieldwork experiences have not been thoroughly investigated. As supervision is known to be integral to genetic counseling students' skill development and success, the purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the impact of microaggressions on student training, with a specific focus on the supervisory working alliance. To achieve this goal, we conducted 11 interviews with recent genetic counseling graduates (2019–2021) who reported experiencing at least one microaggression from a fieldwork supervisor during graduate school training. Purposive sampling was used to prioritize interviewees who identified as underrepresented in the field due to race, ethnicity, gender identity, sexual orientation, and/or disability status. All interviewees were initially recruited as part of a larger mixed‐methods study investigating the frequency and types of microaggressions genetic counseling students experience from fieldwork supervisors. Interview questions explored the time period before a microaggression event, during the event, and after. Qualitative thematic analysis resulted in four themes, three of which are presented in this paper: (1) Impact of microaggressions, (2) Barriers to reporting microaggressions, and (3) Experience reporting microaggressions. Microaggressions from supervisors were shown to impair the psychological well‐being of participants and hinder learning opportunities. These experiences led participants to question their choice of profession and avoid time in clinic, ultimately constraining the development of strong supervisory working alliances. Some participants did not report microaggressions due to fear of negative repercussions, and those who did described defensive responses which harmed students' relationships with program leadership. This study reveals opportunities for supervisors to improve student training conditions by centering students' feelings and experiences, increasing open and honest communication, and extending psychosocial tools to supervision. Additionally, graduate programs are encouraged to establish structured reporting protocols for students and evaluate current shortcomings in equity and inclusion initiatives.
Seasonal types in homogeneous rainfall regions of the Amazon basin
Authors: Michot Véronique , Corpetti Thomas , Ronchail Josyane , Espinoza Jhan Carlo , Arvor Damien , Funatsu Beatriz M. , Dubreuil Vincent 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDue to its size and geographical features, different average annual rainfall regimes co‐exist in the Amazon basin, with distinct year‐to‐year variability dependent on regions within the basin. In this study, we define and explain the seasonal regional types of annual regimes, that is, years with similar seasonal anomalies. Our work is based on a 205 rain gauge network distributed over five Amazonian countries, spanning a period over 30 years. Using a spectral clustering method, we identified seven sub‐regions within the basin in which annual rainfall regimes are spatially homogenous. For each sub‐domain, we estimated specific parameters that characterize the rainy season (onset and demise dates, sign and duration of rainfall anomalies). Finally, using spectral analysis we identified between two and four ‘seasonal type’ of precipitation in these seven sub‐domains. Most of these seasonal types are in phase with the large‐scale atmospheric circulation, which explains the temporal link with rainfall anomalies. The seasonal types result of the superposition of inter‐annual and intra‐seasonal variability whose factors are then difficult to identify and attribute. Part of the rainfall anomalies characterizing seasonal types is related to the inter‐annual variability of the sea surface temperature in the Atlantic or the Pacific oceans, especially in the northeast and southeast part of the Amazon basin, whereas in other parts, strong intra‐seasonal and local factors have a larger impact. The same sign and duration of anomalies do not concomitantly affect the various regions of the Amazon basin, confirming that one mode of variability does not homogeneously affect precipitation in different parts of the basin.
Inhibitory effect of thiol compounds on browning precursors and intermediates in sorbitol/glycine system
Authors: Huang Xiaotian , Xia Shuqin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDSorbitol as a sweetener is often thought to be unable to participate in the Maillard reaction causing browning. However, browning of a system was found to be significant when sorbitol was mixed with glycine and heated. The thiol compounds glutathione and cysteine were added to the system, and the inhibition mechanism of the two on the browning of the system was studied by combining the changes of precursor substances, intermediate products and browning degree.RESULTSWhen the concentration of thiol compounds reached 25 mg mL−1, both could make the browning inhibition of the system more than 80%, and the accumulated glucose concentration was reduced to <35% of the control. The production of 3‐deoxyglucosone, a precursor of melanoidin, was significantly reduced.CONCLUSIONGlutathione and cysteine directly inhibited the production of substrates in the sorbitol/glycine system, reduced glucose accumulation through competitive consumption and captured highly active intermediates through sulfhydryl groups. This has implications for the browning control of food systems containing sugar alcohols. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Facial Artery in the Nasolabial Fold for Gender Differences and Symmetry Between Hemifaces
Authors: Boz Ukte , Köse Emre 
Published: February 2024

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to establish the relationship of facial artery with nasolabial fold by color Doppler sonography and to determine facial artery variations and their relationship with age, gender, or hemifaces.MethodsThe study included 188 patients (94 women, 94 men) aged 18–60 years. Overall, 376 facial arteries in both hemifaces were evaluated for the course within nasolabial fold, symmetry, and relationship with gender.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 39.29 ± 12.81 years. Type A (55.7%) was the most common type in both hemifaces. There was no significant relationship between the course of facial artery and age (P > .05). Asymmetrical course of facial artery was more common in females (54.3%). In both genders, type A was the type with highest symmetry detected.ConclusionsNasolabial fold is one of the important facial regions for filler injection. To prevent vascular injection, course of facial artery should be identified within the nasolabial fold. Type A was the most common type in both hemifaces and genders. Although the rates were close to each other, asymmetry in the course of the facial artery was observed in most of the patients. Ultrasonographic examination which is non‐invasive and non‐ionizing imaging method can be performed carefully before filler injection to determine vascular tissues.
Combined benthic and stream edge sampling better represent macroinvertebrate assemblages than benthic sampling alone along an aridity gradient
Authors: Gill Brian A. , Allen Daniel C. , Mims Meryl C. , Neeson Thomas M. , Ruhi Albert , Atkinson Carla L. , Shogren Arial J. , Apgar Travis M. , Compson Zacchaeus G. , Cook Stephen , Trumbo Daryl R. , Busch Michelle H. , Hollien Kelsey D. , Leathers Kyle , Malish Megan C. , O'Malley Grace L. , Silknetter Samuel , Smith Chelsea R. , Dunleavy Howard , Bogan Michael T. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractStudies of stream macroinvertebrates traditionally use sampling methods that target benthic habitats. These methods could underestimate biodiversity if important assemblage components exist outside of the benthic zone. To test the efficacy of different sampling methods, we collected paired reach‐wide benthic and edge samples from up to 10 study reaches in nine basins spanning an aridity gradient across the United States. Edge sampling targeted riparian‐adjacent microhabitats not typically sampled, including submerged vegetation, roots, and overhanging banks. We compared observed richness, asymptotic richness, and assemblage dissimilarity between benthic samples alone and different combinations of benthic and edge samples to determine the magnitude of increased diversity and assemblage dissimilarity values with the addition of edge sampling. We also examined how differences in richness and assemblage composition varied across an aridity gradient. The addition of edge sampling significantly increased observed richness (median increase = 29%) and asymptotic richness (median increase = 173%). Similarly, median Bray–Curtis dissimilarity values increased by as much as 0.178 when benthic and edge samples were combined. Differences in richness metrics were generally higher in arid basins, but assemblage dissimilarity either increased or decreased across the aridity gradient depending on how benthic and edge samples were combined. Our results suggest that studies that do not sample stream edges may significantly underestimate reach diversity and misrepresent assemblage compositions, with effects that can vary across climates. We urge researchers to carefully consider sampling methods in field studies spanning climatic zones and the comparability of existing data sets when conducting data synthesis studies.
Deterioration of marine offshore structures and subsea installations subjected to severely corrosive environment: A review
Authors: Xia Ruilin , Jia Chen , Garbatov Yordan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCorrosion degradation significantly contributes to the deterioration of offshore structures and subsea installations, impacting the durability of technology equipment while potentially leading to structural failure and environmental pollution. This review primarily focuses on the various types of corrosion observed in offshore structures, the factors influencing corrosion, and the resulting degradation of mechanical properties following corrosion exposure. The study examines the deterioration patterns in tensile properties of offshore structures and subsea facilities, along with the assessment and analysis of corrosion in offshore steel bridges and submarine pipelines. Future research should include a comprehensive scientific investigation of corrosion mechanisms and the development of engineering predictive models to assess corrosion failure and extend the remaining life of offshore structures.
Accelerating Wound Healing with Combinatorial Therapy Using Natural Melanin Nanoparticle‐Polyvinyl Alcohol Blend and Core‐Sheath Hybrid Nanofibers under UV‐A Irradiation
Authors: Bayrak Emirhan , Yiğit Pelin , Bakay Emel , Sirek Busra , Topaloğlu Nermin , Baysoy Engin , Kaleli‐Can Gizem 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWound healing can be a complex and slow process for the human body, particularly if it is chronic. Photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) can be used to accelerate wound healing. As opposed to current PDT studies using well‐known photosensitizers, this work use novel polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and melanin nanoparticles (MNPs) containing hybrid nanofibers prepared by electrospinning techniques to enhance wound healing with/without UV light. Blend and core‐sheath nozzles are utilized to obtain sustainable and biocompatible MNP‐PVA blend, and core‐sheath hybrid nanofibers and 30, 60, and 300 s of UV‐A irradiation are tested in terms of photoinactivation efficiencies forEscherichia coli (E. coli). The MNP‐PVA blend with a diameter of 324 nm and the core‐sheath nanofibers with a diameter of 468 nm both showed killing effect onE. coliabout 41.6% and 32%, respectively, under 30 s of UV‐A irradiation. Increased irradiation time activates the protective effect of MNPs located in nanofibers, thereby decreasing photoinactivation efficiency. Moreover, the MNP‐PVA core‐sheath nanofibers with 30 s of UV‐A irradiation promote the closure of wound to 99.2% at 24 h.
Extracting informational cues between initial coin offering projects and the public
Authors: Shin Soo Il , Kim Joo Baek , Hall Dianne , Lang Teresa , Yang Sung‐Byung 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAn initial coin offering (ICO) seeks to raise initial investments for companies by selling crypto tokens to individuals interested in crowdfunding. As ICOs have gained popularity, a lack of information regarding startup companies' prior financial status and business health has led to information asymmetry between potential investors and ICO projects. This study explores the informational cues necessary to bridge this gap. Employing signaling theory, we elucidate the presence of information asymmetry and conduct two case analyses to identify relevant informational cues. Twitter data from two ICO projects (Stratis and NEO), which achieved the highest return on investment at the time of data collection, are extracted and analyzed to identify informational themes. Our findings reveal multiple and distinctive themes of informational cues for each ICO project, demonstrating that transmitted signals vary across different stages and are generated by both the coin publisher and the public. This research illuminates the flow of informational cues between ICO initiators and potential investors on social media. By analyzing online communication threads using qualitative methods, this study significantly contributes to the understanding of information asymmetry in the context of ICOs.
A Randomized Phase 2 KINETIC Trial Evaluating SAGE‐324/BIIB124 in Individuals with Essential Tremor
Authors: Elble Rodger J. , Ondo William G. , Lyons Kelly E. , Qin Min , Garafola Svetlana , Hersh Bonnie , Lieu TinaMarie , Arkilo Dimitrios , Chuang Rosalind , Bankole Kemi , Pahwa Rajesh 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundSAGE‐324/BIIB124 is an investigational positive allosteric modulator of GABAA receptors.ObjectiveKINETIC (NCT04305275), a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, phase 2 study, evaluated SAGE‐324/BIIB124 in individuals with essential tremor (ET).MethodsIndividuals aged 18 to 80 years were randomly assigned 1:1 to orally receive 60 mg of SAGE‐324/BIIB124 or placebo once daily for 28 days. The primary endpoint was change from baseline in The Essential Tremor Rating Assessment Scale‐Performance Subscale (TETRAS‐PS) Item 4 (upper‐limb tremor) at day 29 with SAGE‐324/BIIB124 versus placebo.ResultsBetween May 2020 and February 2021, 69 U.S. participants were randomly assigned to receive SAGE‐324/BIIB124 (n = 34) or placebo (n = 35). There was a significant reduction from baseline in TETRAS‐PS Item 4 at day 29 with SAGE‐324/BIIB124 versus placebo (least squares mean [standard error]: –2.31 [0.401] vs. –1.24 [0.349], P = 0.0491). The most common treatment‐emergent adverse events included somnolence, dizziness, fatigue, and balance disorder.ConclusionThese results support further development of SAGE‐324/BIIB124 for potential ET treatment. © 2024 Sage Therapeutics, Inc and The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
An ensemble‐based approach to estimate confidence of predicted protein–ligand binding affinity values
Authors: Rayka Milad , Mirzaei Morteza , Mohammad Latifi Ali 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWhen designing a machine learning‐based scoring function, we access a limited number of protein‐ligand complexes with experimentally determined binding affinity values, representing only a fraction of all possible protein‐ligand complexes. Consequently, it is crucial to report a measure of confidence and quantify the uncertainty in the model's predictions during test time. Here, we adopt the conformal prediction technique to evaluate the confidence of a prediction for each member of the core set of the CASF 2016 benchmark. The conformal prediction technique requires a diverse ensemble of predictors for uncertainty estimation. To this end, we introduce ENS‐Score as an ensemble predictor, which includes 30 models with different protein‐ligand representation approaches and achieves Pearson's correlation of 0.842 on the core set of the CASF 2016 benchmark. Also, we comprehensively investigate the residual error of each data point to assess the normality behavior of the distribution of the residual errors and their correlation to the structural features of the ligands, such as hydrophobic interactions and halogen bonding. In the end, we provide a local host web application to facilitate the usage of ENS‐Score. All codes to repeat results are provided athttps://github.com/miladrayka/ENS_Score.
A novel unresolved/semi‐resolved CFD‐DEM coupling method with dynamic unstructured mesh
Authors: He Jin‐Hui , Li Ming‐Guang , Chen Jin‐Jian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe greatest challenge when performing large deformation simulations using the CFD‐DEM coupling method lies in the dynamical update of the fluid meshes. To address this problem, a novel CFD‐DEM coupling method integrated with the dynamic unstructured grid is proposed in this work. The mesh initialization and reconstruction are performed by the Constrained Delaunay triangulation (CDT) implemented by the tetgen algorithm. Moreover, the equation of state (EOS) is introduced to consider the impact of fluid compressibility. The reliability of this coupling method is preliminarily verified by the particle sedimentation test. Additionally, undrained triaxial shear and one‐dimensional consolidation tests are conducted to examine the applicability of the proposed method in simulating geotechnical cases. From our analysis, it is found that the shear responses in the undrained triaxial shear test obtained from the proposed method with dynamic mesh are in direct accordance with those led by the constant volume (CV) method. However, difficulties arise in accurately describing the moving boundary by the fixed mesh, leading to unreliable results. Moreover, in the one‐dimensional consolidation test, both the dynamic and fixed grids can capture the Mandel—Cryer effect, which is more pronounced under the dynamic grid, mainly due to the dual impact of the loading device and particle skeleton on the fluid. A greater compressibility specified under the dynamic grid led to a weakening of this effect, whereas its duration is increased. Our work provides valuable insights for effectively dealing with dynamic fluid boundaries.
Interdisciplinary insights into navigating the maze of landscape multifunctionality
Authors: Fors Hanna , Berlin Anna , Gottlieb Uliana , Kågström Mari , Weldon James , Zhang Jasmine 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Increasing demands for land to deliver multiple and sometimes conflicting services to people and nature have led to the development of an extensive body of research focussed on multifunctional landscapes. However, this has created both insight and confusion, as authors from a variety of disciplines have independently tackled the question of how to manage the trade‐offs and synergies inherent in landscapes that are required to produce multiple functions and services.

We employed an interdisciplinary perspective to formulate some key questions that researchers of multifunctional landscapes can use to identify blind spots.

Our process resulted in a question‐based analysis support scheme that supports reflection and recursive thinking about multifunctional landscapes, beginning with objective setting and visions for addressing it, grounded in baseline mapping, then assessing landscape functions and their single and multiple interactions; as well as the analysis of sensitivity to spatial and temporal dimensions.

Other key points identified are the need for clarity and examination of unstated assumptions, from aims to definitions; accounting for scale; incorporating stakeholder needs throughout the process and applying suitable methods of measurement and aggregation. The focus on asking guided questions derives from the insight that there is no universal correct approach to multifunctional landscapes; the aim should instead be to find the most appropriate methods for the given circumstances and goals.

Policy implications. Tackling current and future socio‐ecological challenges is an interdisciplinary undertaking, necessitating collaborative efforts between research fields that each bring valuable and distinct insights. To effectively combat these challenges, multifunctional landscapes require a clear process and focused objective in their implementation. Multifunctionality should be seen as a means to an end, rather than an end in itself.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Self‐harm by single‐ and multi‐agent medication poisoning in a retrospective analysis of a Poison Control Center database from January 2018 to December 2022
Authors: Milella Michele Stanislaw , Petraccia Luisa , Pirelli Francesca , Foti Giuseppe , Sapio Maria , Berardi Rosaria , Caprioli Daniele , Pugliese Francesco , Vivino Gabriella 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurposeMedication poisoning is the most common method of self‐harm. Longitudinal studies incorporating pre‐ and post‐COVID‐19 pandemic data are required to describe the phenomenon and to evaluate the long‐term impact on mental health.MethodsCalls to the Poison Control Center of Policlinico Umberto I Hospital ‐ Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, were analyzed retrospectively for characteristics and clinical presentation of cases of interest from January 2018 to December 2022.ResultsA total of 756 cases of self‐harm by medication poisonings were recorded in the study period. A reduction in rate of cases in 2020 was followed by a return to pre‐pandemic levels by 2021. When separately analyzing single‐ and multi‐agent cases, occurrence of cases involving just one medication increased since early 2021, with a peak in 2022 (7.8% of total calls, 95% CI 6.2–9.5, from 4.9%, 95% CI 4.1–5.8 in 2018). This increase in the rate of cases, mostly of none or mild severity, was driven by youth aged 12–21, in which the relative proportion of single‐ versus multi‐agent cases showed an increasing trend since 2020 (from 42.6% in 2018 to 78.6% in 2022). Acetaminophen was the medication most frequently involved and benzodiazepines the largest class. A psychiatric background was increasingly seen in 2022, especially in age group 12–21.ConclusionSingle‐agent medication self‐harm may be an increasingly prevailing phenomenon. Young adolescents with a psychiatric background might be most vulnerable to this behavior in the COVID‐19 pandemic aftermath. Healthcare professionals should expect favorable clinical outcome and improve both counseling and psychotherapy supervision in individuals at risk.