bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laser Thomson scattering system for anisotropic electron temperature measurement in NUMBER
Authors: Okamoto A. , Higuchi S. , Sato K. , Yamada Y. , Koike M. , Sugimoto M. , Fujita T. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A laser Thomson scattering system is developed to obtain anisotropic electron temperature
in a pulse operated electron cyclotron resonance plasma device. Injecting a laser with an oblique
angle to the external magnetic field and detecting scattering photon from a line of sight along
another oblique angle enable us to obtain parallel and perpendicular components of electron
temperature. Backward (165°) scattering spectrum corresponds to quasi perpendicular
velocity distribution, while that for forward (15°) scattering; quasi parallel. Collecting
lenses are set in vacuum to maximize solid angle in a limited space of port, where the laser path
and collecting optics share an ICF152 flange. Rayleigh scattering intensity is measured as a
function of argon gas pressure. An initial result on residual stray light intensity is equivalent
to the argon Rayleigh scattering intensity under ≤ 1 kPa of filled pressure. In order to
obtain Thomson scattering spectra, a notch filter type stray light rejection optics, which utilize
a reflective type volume holographic grating, is evaluated. Notch width (0.2 nm) and flat
transmittance (≥ 90%) outside the notch measured for a prototype show that it is an
effective optics.
Growth and Production of Soybean (Glycine Max L.) Due to Urea Fertilization, Rhizobium sp. Inoculation and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria in Saline Soil
Authors: Ningkarni  , Fuskhah E , Purbajanti E D 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The study aimed to examine the dose of urea fertilizer, the inoculation dose of Rhizobium sp., and the doses of phosphate solubilizing bacteria, as well as the interaction between the two in soybean cultivation in saline soils. The study was carried out from July to November 2021 at the Ecology and Plant Production Laboratory, Greenhouse, and Chemical Analysis, Faculty of Animal and Agriculture, Diponegoro University, Semarang. A factorial 3 x 4 Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 replications was the research methodology used. The dosage of urea fertilizer, with N0 = 100%, N1 = 90%, and N2 = 80%, is the first factor. The second factor is the dosage of Rhizobium sp. and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria that are inoculated, with P0 = No inoculum (control), P1 = 3 g/seed, P2 = 6 g/seed, and P3 = 9 g/seed. According to the research, it can be concluded that Rhizobium sp. and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, along with urea fertilization, had a significant impact on plant height and early flowering but had no significant on the number of leaves and wet weight of pods generated in saline soil.
The role of PME and ADH enzymes in seed deterioration and its implication for producing high quality soybean seed
Authors: Harnowo D , Prayogo Y 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Soybean seeds are member of the orthodox seeds group which suseptable to deterioration. The low quality of soybean seeds used by farmers is one of the causes of the low soybean productivity at the farmer level. Pectin methylesterase (PME) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) enzymes have been studied in relation to seed deterioration. Increase in seed moisture content is strongly suspected to be the initial occurrence and increase in PME enzyme activity which then followed by ADH enzyme activity in a series of biochemical reactions leading to the accumulation of acetaldehyde-protein adducts (APA) in soybean seeds. The APA contributes to deterioration of seeds. Thus, the increase in APA in soybean seeds may be used as an indicator of the level of deterioration of soybean seeds. Since high seed moisture content contributes to the initiation of PME activity in seeds, soybean seed production in the rainy season is not recommended because it will produce seeds with low physiological quality due to high PME activity so that the seeds cannot be stored for long-term period.
Yield Components of Red Yardlong Bean Pod Genotypes (Vigna unguiculata (L.) ssp. sesquipedalis)
Authors: Widaryati  , Kusmiyati F , Anwar S , Sas M G A , Putra F P 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
One of the legume plants with development potential is the yardlong bean. Because they have a high anthocyanin content, yardlong bean red pods are crucial for maintaining human health. There are multiple red-purple pod lines as a result of the crossing of the two parents purple pod and green pod. The purpose of this study was to assess the yield component of bean lines that were thirteen yards long. The study was carried out in Tembalang, Semarang, Central Java’s Agrotechno Park. Using genotype as the only component, the experiment used a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Agronomic characteristics such as harvesting time, number of pods, pod weight, length, number of seeds per pod, and weight of 1000 seeds were observed. The result showed that one genotype from F7 generation FPT A 3-4-10-1 had superior characters compared to the cultivar check in harvesting time, the number of pods, pod weight, and the number of seeds per pod. The agronomic characters that has been characterized can be may be used as potential donors for future hybridization programs to develop superior yard long bean variety with good yield components.
Exploration and selection of salt tolerant phosphate solubilizing bacteria from the Indonesian saline soils
Authors: Fuskhah E , Purbajanti E D 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The excessive salt concentration is what prevents saline land from being used. Salinity inhibits plant growth, however this can be remedied by investigating phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB). Non-pathogenic bacteria that can dissolve unavailable P into a form that plants may absorb are known as phosphate solubilizing bacteria. The goal of this study is to find phosphate-solubilizing bacteria that can withstand extremely high salinities. In saline land on Indonesia’s North Coast of Central Java, soil sampling was done. Using pikovskaya selective media, phosphate solubilizing bacteria were isolated using the pour plate method. Eight pure PSB isolates, including BPFRBG2, BPFPT2, BPFDMK1, BPFPKL2, BPFSMG2, BPFBTG2, and BPFKDL2, were obtained as a result of the isolation process. The macro- and microscopic examination of PSB isolates. Following closely behind were the PSB isolates with the strongest tolerance to salt (10.000 ppm NaCl): BPFBTG2, BPFKDL2, BPFSMG2, and BPFPKL2.
Suitability of Purple-Fleshed Sweet Potato Clones for Ingredients of Chinese Buns (Buns)
Authors: Utomo J S , Ginting E 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A form of tuber known as a sweet potato includes bioactive substances in addition to carbs, vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber. Purple-fleshed sweet potatoes have been heavily marketed as functional foods due to their anthocyanin content. Different textures can be found in the three types and two clones of sweet potatoes used as a base for buns. In comparison to the other 3 kinds, the textures of RIS 10043-02 and MSU 10003-07 were harder, more cohesive, and chewier. The high values of hardness (5.78N), springiness (73.77%), and cohesiveness contributed to the high chewiness value of the buns manufactured from Antin 2 (257.52N) (0.63N). The L*, a*, and b* values of the generated buns decrease with increasing anthocyanin concentration in the raw material, and the panelists’ preferences for color also increase. For the four sensory evaluation criteria of the buns manufactured from five different sweet potato clones, the scores varied from 3.64 to 4.08. It seems that the MSU 10003-07 clone, followed by Antin 2 and Antin 3, was the panelists’ favorite bun.
Utilization of canna (Canna edulis ker.) as raw material for non-gluten processed food to supporting food diversification program: a review
Authors: Histifarina D , Rahman A , Purnamasari N R , Rahmat R 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
One of the government’s efforts to produce enough food on its own is food diversification. The objective is to transform local food into alternative food, and canna tubers are one of the products that can help achieve this. Carbohydrates from canna tubers can be utilized as food and as raw materials in the processing sector. Canna tubers contain 75 g of water, 22.6 g of carbs, 1 g of protein, 0.1 g of fat, 2 mg of calcium, 70 mg of phosphorus, 1 mg of vitamin B90, and 1 mg of vitamin C per 100 g. (10 mg). Alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, and phenols are among the nutrients found in canna tubers that are essential for good health. However, canna only serves to simple food processing in Indonesia. They are superior than wheat flour when made into flour because they are gluten-free and contain more fiber. Those who are gluten sensitive, such as those with celiac disease and autistic children, frequently avoid foods containing gluten. Cookies, noodles, spaghetti, bread, and other baked goods can all be made using canna flour. In the end, they will contribute to enhancing national food security by supporting government initiatives aimed at increasing food diversity.
Effects of Food Additives Treatment on the Texture of Artificial Rice prepared from Dried Cassava and Corn Flours Mixture
Authors: Pudjianto K. , Sabirin  , Putra O. N. , Darusalam A. , Mulawati I. P. N. , Musa  
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to understand how food additives like Sodium Tri-Polyphosphate (STPP), Guar Gum, and Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) affect the textures of synthetic rice (tiwul rice) produced using a twin screw extruder. 70% (w/w) dry cassava flour and 30% (w/w) corn flour were combined for the extrusion process. By adjusting the amounts of the extra ingredients guar gum, sodium tri poly phosphate (STPP), and glycerol monostearate, it was done in six different formulae (GMS). The moisture content of the raw material mixture was 30-35% (w/w) at the extrusion conditions the feeding screw motor speed was 5-6Hz, the screw speed of the extruder was 7.5-8.5Hz and the barrel temperature from zone 1 to 3 extruder was around 45-50°C. Tiwul rice that is produced with 0.5% GMS addition obtains several characteristics that are nearly similar with native rice, such as hardness, cohesiveness, adhesiveness, springiness, gumminess and chewiness texture.
Udder Volume and Teat Size of Friesian Holstein Dairy Cows from Post-Weaning Calves to Pregnant Heifers
Authors: Hartanto Rudy , Ranggano Caesario Prima , Prayitno Edi , Prima Ari , Harjanti Dian Wahyu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the development of udder volume, teat circumference and teat length of Holstein Friesian (HF) dairy cows from post-weaning calves to pregnant heifers. The materials used in this study were 60 heifers. The research was conducted by observational method. The groupings of heifers were 1st group (heifer age 4-8 months), 2nd group (heifer age 9-12 months), 3th group (heifer age ≥ 13 months but not yet pregnant), 4th group (gestational age 1-3 months), 5th group (gestational age 4-6 months), 6th group (gestational age 7-9 months). The parameters were udder volume, teat circumference, teat length, heifer age and gestational age. Data analysis used t-test to examine differences in udder volume and teat size between groups of heifers. Linear regression analysis was used to find the relationship between udder volume and teat size with heifer age and gestational age. The results showed that the udder volume, teat circumference, and teat length showed significant differences (P<0.05) between the heifer groups. The 6th group was significantly higher (P<0.05) than the other groups, namely udder volume of 8149.57 cm3, teat circumference of 6.97 cm and teat length of 6.01 cm. There was a significant relationship between udder volume (Y) and heifer age (X), namely Y = -297.204 + 100.801X (R2 = 0.823). While the udder volume (Y) with gestational age (X) has the equation Y = 993.711 + 889.841X (R2 = 0.772). It can be concluded that the increasing heifer age and gestational age, the volume of udder and teat size will increase.
Correlation between Gestation Period and The Calf Sex in Dairy Cows
Authors: Setyorini Y.W. , Kurnianto E. , Sutopo  , Sutiyono  
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to examine the correlation between the gestation period and the sex of calves as the result of artificial insemination in dairy cows reared by smallholder farmers. Purposive sampling was used in this survey study as the research methodology. A total of 45 heads of dairy cows were observed. A statistical t-test and correlation analysis were used to assess the data. The finding revealed that male to female calves had a sex ratio of 44.44% and 55.56%, respectively. The average gestation period of the dam with male calves (284.45 ± 4.82 days) was longer (p<0.05) compared to the gestation period of the dam with female calves (281.12 ± 5.70 days). There was a correlation between the gestation period and the calf sex with a correlation coefficient of 0.311 (P<0.05). In conclusion, the gestation period of dairy cows at smallholder farmers in this study has a low correlation with the sex of calves born.
Income Analysis and Factors Affecting Pig Farmer Income in East Flores Regency
Authors: Keray A S , Widiati R , Kusumastuti T A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Livestock has potential to be developed in East Flores Regency because it supporting the economy of the farmer’s household and used in various traditional rituals. This study aims to analyze the income and factors that affect the income of pig farmers. The study was conducted from September to November 2021. The research location using the multistage sampling method, the determination of the sub-districts and villages that have the highest pig population in East Flores Regency. A sample of 120 respondents was taken purposively that breeding has at least 3 broods, fattening has 5 pigs, and a combination, has sold livestock in the last 1 year and experience raising more than 1 year. Analysis of the data using descriptive statistics while determining the factors that affect income using multiple linear regression. The results of the study is the highest average income was in the combination which was IDR13,862,908/breeder/year. The positive influence factor is the number of pig ownership and the negative influence is the dummy breeding system. This type of business combination is recommended because it provides the highest income and from a socio-cultural perspective that is accepted by the community.
Multinutrient Block Biological Test with the Addition of Green Betel Leaf Juice on Consumption, Digestibility, and Retention of N for Thin-tailed Sheep
Authors: Azizah N , Mukodiningsih S , Pangestu E , Iswarin Pujaningsih R 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Multinutrient block (MNB) is a supplement with a fairly high water content and included Intermediate Moisture. Thus, it needs to be added such preservatives ingredients, among others, green betel leaf. This also has antiprotozoal characters, so this green betel leaf has an impact on the fermentation process in the rumen. The purpose of this study is to examine the biological quality of MNB added green betel leaf in thin-tailed sheep in terms of consumption, feed digestibility, and nitrogen retention. This study used a randomized design group consisting of 3 treatments and 6 replications. The material used was MNB consisting of 50% molasses, 30% fermented rice straw, 6% clam shell flour, 3% salt, 4% urea, and 7% bentonite. This research involved 18 Thin-tailed Sheep with the weight of 11.94 ± 2,14. The addition of green betel leaf on MNB as much as 0% on T0, 3% on T1 and 6% on T2. Feeding process included commercial concentrate 65%, napier grass 25%, and MNB 10%. Each treatment was implemented on the 6 sheep as the test. The results revealed that the addition of green betel leaf juice in MNB had no significant effect (P>0.05) on the consumption of dry matter, consumption of agrie matter feed digestibility and N retention. Moreover, the provision of green betel leaf juice by 6% in MNB did not result in the consumption, digestibility, and the retention of N value in thin-tailed sheep. This research was conducted and obtained permission from the Faculty of Animal and Agriculture, Diponegoro University Semarang.
Psychological Consequences of Chronic Ethnic Discrimination in Male Turkish Immigrants Living in Austria: A 30-Day Ambulatory Assessment Study
Authors: Goreis Andreas , Nater Urs M , Mewes Ricarda 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Chronic ethnic discrimination may be associated with negative psychological consequences in ethnic minority groups. However, little is known about the impact of acute discriminatory events on people who experience chronic ethnic discrimination.

Purpose
We examined the impact of chronic and acute ethnic discrimination on the daily lives of Turkish immigrants in Austria, a population often overlooked in discrimination research.

Methods
Ninety male Turkish immigrants living in Austria (60 experiencing chronic and 30 infrequent ethnic discrimination) reported discriminatory events in real time for 30 days. Additionally, subjective stress, reactivity to daily hassles, affect, and maladaptive coping were assessed daily.

Results
Participants experiencing chronic ethnic discrimination indicated higher daily values for stress, negative affect, reactivity to daily hassles, and anticipation and avoidance coping. Negative psychological states increased for all participants on days when discriminatory events occurred, but participants with chronic ethnic discrimination showed significantly stronger increases in maladaptive coping and reactivity to daily hassles, with the latter effect persisting until the next day.

Conclusions
Our study is the first to demonstrate interaction effects of chronic and acute ethnic discrimination on psychological factors in daily life. The results may advance the understanding of the mechanisms that lead to health disparities in ethnic minority populations and may inform the development of targeted interventions.
Evolutionary transition from surface to subterranean living in Australian water beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) through adaptive and relaxed selection
Authors: Zhao Yuxuan , Guzik Michelle T , Humphreys William F , Watts Christopher H S , Cooper Steven J B , Sherratt Emma 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Over the last 5 million years, numerous species of Australian stygobiotic (subterranean and aquatic) beetles have evolved underground following independent colonization of aquifers by surface ancestors, providing a set of repeated evolutionary transitions from surface to subterranean life. We used this system as an ‘evolutionary experiment’ to investigate whether relaxed selection has provided a source of variability for adaptive radiations into ecosystems containing open niches and whether this variability underpins phenotypic evolution in cave animals. Linear and landmark-based measurements were used to quantify the morphology of subterranean species from different aquifers, compared to interstitial and closely related aquatic surface species. Subterranean dytiscids were observed to be morphologically distinct, suggesting they have a different lifestyle compared to their surface relatives. However, variation in the measured traits was much greater in the subterranean species, and unstructured, showing no evidence of clustering that would indicate adaptation to specific niches. Furthermore, a previously identified pattern of repeated nonoverlapping size variation in beetles across aquifers was not correlated with repeated body shape evolution. The observed variability across body shape and limb traits provides support for the hypothesis that relaxed selection and neutral evolution underlie the phenotypic evolution in these species.
Intergenerational Interactions and Relationship Quality: A Daily Study Among Mothers and Their Adult Children
Authors: Jiang Da , Lee Chi-Kin John , Kong Dexia , Chiu Ming Ming 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The parent–child relationship is one of the most long-lasting relationships in human life. Such relationship is particularly adaptive during public health emergencies that threaten human life. However, few studies have examined the effects of daily exchanges in support between aging parents and adult children on the relationship quality during public health emergencies. Using data collected during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, we examined the relationship between daily support and relationship quality among middle-aged and older mothers and adult children.

Methods
Seventy-seven dyads of middle-aged and older mothers (age range: 44–80 years, Mage = 53.78, SDage = 9.57) and adult children (age range: 18–54 years, Mage = 26.61, SDage = 9.46) participated in the study. They reported their daily exchanges with the other (i.e., support they had received from and given to each other) and daily relationship quality (i.e., relationship satisfaction and trust) each day for 14 consecutive days.

Results
The perception of being underbenefited on Day N was associated with daily relationship satisfaction on the concurrent day in children but not mothers. It was associated with daily trust toward the relationship partner in both mothers and children on Day N. Both providing and receiving more support on Day N was associated with better relationship satisfaction for both mothers and children on Day N. Only receiving (not providing) more support on Day N was associated with greater trust toward the partner on Day N for both mothers and children. The time-lagged associations were not significant.

Discussion
The findings highlight the importance of daily reciprocity and daily support exchanges on relationship quality during a public health emergency.