bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Age on Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen Expression in Oral Gingival Epithelium of Healthy and Inflamed Human Gingiva
Authors: Çelenligil‐Nazliel Haviye , Ayhan Ayşe , Uzun Hakan , Ruacan Şevket 
Published: February 2005

Background: Age‐related changes in proliferative activity in human gingival epithelium are uncertain. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a nuclear protein associated with the cell cycle. Nuclear PCNA immunoreactivity is found in the proliferative compartment of normal tissues. The aims of this study were to investigate the localization of PCNA expression in oral gingival epithelium (OGE) and to define the age‐related changes as to PCNA‐proliferative index (PI) in inflamed as well as healthy gingiva. Mitotic index (MI) was also used as a conventional marker of cell proliferation. Additionally, the effect of aging upon the maximum epithelial thickness (MET) was determined.Methods: Twenty older (65 to 85 years) (study) and 20 middle‐aged (35 to 45 years) (controls) subjects were included in the study. Biopsies were obtained both from healthy and inflamed gingiva. The expression of PCNA was evaluated in formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded gingival samples using an immunoperoxidase technique and PC10 monoclonal antibody to PCNA. Hematoxylin and eosin stained sections were used for the quantitative measurement of MI and MET.Results: All the tissue sections contained positive staining cells for PCNA in the gingival epithelium. Although PCNA expression was observed both in the basal and suprabasal layers, it was more prominent in the suprabasal layers. PI in inflamed gingiva was significantly higher in the older group. However, no significant difference was observed between the study and control groups with respect to PI in healthy gingiva. When all the subjects taken into the study were analyzed as a single group, PI in the inflamed gingival samples were found to be increased with aging. Nevertheless, no age‐related change was noted in MI and MET. In both the study and the control groups, PI, MI, and MET were found to be increased due to inflammation.Conclusions: Our data indicate that PCNA expression in inflamed gingiva is higher in older subjects. Furthermore, a significant correlation was noted between aging and PCNA expression in inflamed gingiva. As there is no increase in mucosal epithelial thickness despite increased proliferation, we speculate that the duration of the PCNA+ phase in cell cycle may be longer in older subjects. This study also implies that PCNA immunolocalization can be used as an index of the state of cell proliferation in both biological and pathological events of the gingiva and/or other mucosal tissues. J Periodontol 2000;71:1567‐1574.
The Effect of Topical Delivery of Novel Bisacylphosphonates in Reducing Alveolar Bone Loss in the Rat Model
Authors: Yaffe A. , Golomb G. , Breuer E. , Binderman I. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Periodontal surgery stimulates osteoclast activity, leading to varying amounts of alveolar crest loss. We have established that topical application of 20 mg/ml of alendronate placed at the surgical mucoperiosteal site produced a striking reduction of alveolar bone loss in the rat model. The aim of this investigation was to examine the antiresorptive efficacy of 3 novel bisacylphosphonates topically delivered at the surgical site, in comparison to alendronate and etidronate which are in clinical use.Methods: Mucoperiosteal flap (MF) surgery was performed on the buccal and lingual aspects next to molars on both sides of the rat mandible. A gelatin sponge soaked in the bisphosphonate solution prepared by dissolving 20 mg of the bisphosphonate (alendronate, etidronate, VS‐5, VS‐6, ISA‐13, SuBP) in 1 ml of saline was applied to exposed bone on the right side of the mandible (experimental, MF + BPs) and the left side was treated with saline only (control, MF + S). Sections were evaluated for bone loss using microradiography pattern and amount.Results: The 3 novel bisacylphosphonates, VS‐5 VS‐6, and ISA‐13 were more effective than etidronate, and less effective than alendronate. The most effective among this group was ISA‐13 followed by VS‐5 and VS‐6.Conclusion: We conclude that ISA‐13‐like alendronate is effective in reducing alveolar bone loss when delivered at surgical sites. Since ISA‐13 is well absorbed through mucose tissues, we suggest that ISA‐13 efficacy on reducing bone loss should be tested by its application on the mucosal tissue. J Periodontol 2000;71:1607‐1612.
Evidence of a Substantial Genetic Basis for Risk of Adult Periodontitis
Authors: Michalowicz Bryan S. , Diehl Scott R. , Gunsolley John C. , Sparks Brandon S. , Brooks Carol N. , Koertge Thomas E. , Califano Joseph V. , Burmeister John A. , Schenkein Harvey A. 
Published: February 2005

Background: A few previous studies have suggested that risk for adult periodontitis (AP) has a genetic (heritable) component. We estimated genetic and environmental variances and heritability for gingivitis and adult periodontitis using data from twins reared together.Methods: One hundred seventeen (117) pairs of adult twins (64 monozygotic [MZ] and 53 dizygotic [DZ] pairs) were recruited. Probing depth (PD), attachment loss (AL), plaque, and gingivitis (GI) were assessed on all teeth by two examiners. Measurements were averaged over all sites, teeth, and examiners. Extent of disease in subjects was defined at four thresholds: the percentage of teeth with AL ≥2, AL ≥3, PD ≥4, or PD ≥5 mm. Genetic and environmental variances and heritability were estimated using path models with maximum likelihood estimation techniques.Results: MZ twins were more similar than DZ twins for all clinical measures. Statistically significant genetic variance was found for both the severity and extent of disease. AP was estimated to have approximately 50% heritability, which was unaltered following adjustments for behavioral variables including smoking. In contrast, while MZ twins were also more similar than DZ twins for gingivitis scores, there was no evidence of heritability for gingivitis after behavioral covariates such as utilization of dental care and smoking were incorporated into the analyses.Conclusions: These results confirm previous studies and indicate that approximately half of the variance in disease in the population is attributed to genetic variance. The basis for the heritability of periodontitis appears to be biological and not behavioral in nature. J Periodontol 2000;71:1699‐1707.
Periodontal Health of Orthodontically Extruded Impacted Teeth. A Split‐Mouth, Long‐Term Clinical Evaluation
Authors: Quirynen Marc , Heij Danny G. Op , Adriansens Annelies , Opdebeeck Heidi M. , van Steenberghe Daniel 
Published: February 2005

Background: Impaction of front teeth (often upper canines) can result in esthetic, functional, and phonetic problems, in addition to root resorption and chronic or acute infections. Most impacted front teeth can be extruded orthodontically after minor periodontal surgery. The purpose of this retrospective study was to examine the periodontal outcome of surgically exposed and orthodontically extruded impacted teeth compared with the spontaneously erupted contralateral teeth.Methods: A total of 38 patients, who had been treated by a combined surgical and orthodontic approach (closed eruption technique by same periodontist and 2 associated orthodontists), underwent a periodontal re‐examination after 4 to 10 years. Periodontal parameters (plaque and gingivitis indices, probing depth, bleeding on probing, gingival recession and width, bone level, and root resorption) of the orthodontically extruded teeth (test) were scored and compared with those of the contralateral naturally erupted teeth (control) in a masked set‐up.Results: No significant differences could be detected between test and control teeth, except for the gingival width, which was 1 mm larger for the spontaneously erupted teeth.Conclusions: The data indicate that orthodontic extrusion of impacted front teeth does not jeopardize their periodontal health. This procedure appears to be a satisfactory alternative to extraction and/or transplantation. J Periodontol 2000;71:1708‐1714.
Changes in Alveolar Bone Height and Width Following Ridge Augmentation Using Bone Graft and Membranes
Authors: Simon Barry I. , Von Hagen Stanley , Deasy Michael J. , Faldu Mitesh , Resnansky Dasha 
Published: February 2005

Background: Clinical observation suggests the amount of bone height and width created during guided bone regeneration (GBR) to augment alveolar ridges is not retained during healing. A study was designed to determine: 1) whether the amount of osseous structure 4 months postoperatively after GBR was significantly less than the amount surgically created; and 2) if this change was uniform over the area treated.Methods: Nineteen extraction sites (10 patients) were treated with GBR prior to placing endosseous implants. Allograft (DMFDB) and a bioabsorbable membrane were employed. Standardized measurements were taken of alveolar height and width 1) prior to augmentation; 2) after placement of graft and membrane; and 3) following 4 months of healing. Width measurements were taken 3 mm, 5 mm, and 10 mm from the crest at 3 intervals: the mesio‐distal midpoint of the edentulous area and 3 mm mesial and distal to the midpoint. Height measurements were recorded at the mesio‐distal midpoint and points 3 mm mesial and distal to the midpoint.Results: Loss in width of supplemented bone after 4 months of healing ranged from 52.1% to 58.0% 3 mm from the crest, 47.6% to 67.4% 5 mm from the crest, and 39.1% to 46.7% 10 mm from the crest. Loss of augmented height averaged 14.7% in the center of the edentulous area but ranged from 60.5% to 76.3% 3 mm mesial and distal to the midpoint.Conclusions: The results indicate significant nonuniform loss of augmented alveolar height and width during GBR healing. The implications of these findings impact preoperative augmentation planning for endosseous implantology. J Periodontol 2000;71:1774‐1791.
Mucogingival Interceptive Surgery of Buccally‐Erupted Premolars in Patients Scheduled for Orthodontic Treatment I. A 7‐Year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Pini Prato Giovanpaolo , Baccetti Tiziano , Magnani Cristina , Agudio Giancarlo , Cortellini Pierpaolo 
Published: February 2005

Background: Mucogingival interceptive therapy in patients with buccally erupting teeth is performed to prevent the ectopic permanent tooth from developing periodontal lesions. The keratinized tissue entrapped between the erupting tooth and the deciduous tooth is retained to maintain a satisfactory width of the gingiva for the permanent tooth. The aim of the present study on buccally‐erupted premolars scheduled for orthodontics was to evaluate the keratinized tissue width 3 months, 2 years, and 7 years subsequent to mucogingival interceptive therapy and orthodontic treatment.Methods: Twenty‐nine patients participated. Three different surgical techniques were used according to specific indications. Eight patients were treated with double pedicle flaps (DPF), 10 patients with apically positioned flaps (APF), and 11 with free gingival grafts (FGG).Results: The amount of keratinized tissue on the treated (test) sites was not significantly less than on the control (untreated) sites showing normally erupting premolars at all observation periods. All 3 surgical procedures appeared to be effective in saving the keratinized tissue for the permanent tooth. Preoperative periodontal parameters such as gingival width, probing depth, and bleeding on probing significantly influenced the outcome 3 months after surgery (P <0.01).Conclusions: Mucogingival interceptive surgery is an effective approach to conserve the keratinized buccal gingiva of ectopically erupting premolars. J Periodontol 2000;71:172‐181.
Development of an In Vitro Wound Healing Model For Periodontal Cells
Authors: Lackler Karl P. , Cochran David L. , Mai Hoang A. , Takacs Vincent , Oates Thomas W. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Periodontal wound healing and regeneration are influenced by a multitude of factors. While many in vitro investigations have compared the proliferation of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells and gingival fibroblasts (GF), there are no reports directly comparing the abilities of these 2 cell types to fill a wound site. As such, the goals of this research were: 1) to develop an in vitro model of wound healing which would allow for the investigation of the biologic basis of periodontal wound healing and regeneration and 2) to compare the rates of PDL cells and GF to fill an in vitro wound site.Methods: Using both human PDL cells and GF confluent cultures, in vitro wounds were mechanically created, removing a 3 mm wide band of the cell layer. Wounded cultures were then incubated for time periods up to 12 days in media containing fetal bovine serum (FBS) concentrations (0, 0.1, 1, 5, 10, and 20%) as appropriate for each experiment. Slides were fixed, stained, and cells quantified within the wound boundaries by computer‐assisted histomorphometry. The effect of wounding a cell layer was determined by comparing wounded cells as described above with a cell layer margin created without physically disrupting the cell layer.Results: The in vitro model for periodontal wound healing established in this study showed that GF fill in the wound site at a significantly (P <0.0025) faster rate than PDL cells over 12 days of healing. In addition, PDL cells and GF were found to have unique concentration‐dependent responses to FBS (P <0.0025). It was also shown that wounding resulted in a significant delay (P <0.01) in the initial healing response of an in vitro wound.Conclusion: This in vitro model demonstrated that the characteristics of wound healing are dependent on cell type, disruption (wounding) of the cell layer, and serum concentration. In addition, this model has incorporated both proliferation and migration to provide the first direct evidence demonstrating GF has a significantly greater ability to fill a wound site than PDL cells. This in vitro model may be utilized in future investigations of the biologic basis of periodontal wound healing. J Periodontol 2000;71:226‐237.
Gingival Recession Treatment: Guided Tissue Regeneration With Bioabsorbable Membrane Versus Connective Tissue Graft
Authors: Tatakis Dimitris N. , Trombelli Leonardo 
Published: February 2005

Background: Gingival recession represents a significant concern for patients and a therapeutic problem for clinicians. Several techniques have been proposed to achieve root coverage. The purpose of this randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the effect of a guided tissue regeneration (GTR) procedure in comparison to connective tissue graft (CTG) in the treatment of gingival recession defects.Methods: Twelve patients, each contributing a pair of Miller Class I or II buccal gingival recessions, were treated. In each patient one randomly chosen defect received a poly(lactic acid)‐based bioabsorbable membrane, while the paired defect received a CTG. Clinical recordings included oral hygiene standards and gingival health, recession depth (RD), recession width (RW), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and keratinized tissue width (KT).Results: Mean RD statistically significantly decreased from 2.5 mm presurgery to 0.5 mm with GTR (81% root coverage), and from 2.5 mm to 0.1 mm with CTG (96% root coverage), at 6 months postsurgery. Prevalence of complete root coverage was 58% for the GTR group and 83% for the CTG group. Mean CAL gain was 2.0 mm for the GTR group and 2.2 mm for the CTG group. No statistically significant differences between treatment groups were observed for changes in RD, RW, PD, CAL, and KT.Conclusions: Treatment of human gingival recession defects by means of either GTR or CTG results in clinically and statistically significant improvement of the soft tissue conditions of the defect when pre‐ and post‐treatment measurements were compared. Although differences between CTG and GTR in mean root coverage and prevalence of complete coverage consistently favored the CTG procedure, the differences in measurements were not statistically significant. J Periodontol 2000;71:299‐307.
Interproximal Papillae Reconstruction in Maxillary Implants
Authors: Nemcovsky Carlos E. , Moses Ofer , Artzi Zvi 
Published: February 2005

Background: Gingival esthetics has become an important factor in the overall success of most maxillary implant‐supported restorations. Periodontal plastic surgery procedures may be used to enhance esthetics in the maxillary anterior region. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate a new surgical approach, performed at implant exposure, to reconstruct interdental papillae around maxillary implant‐supported restorations.
Methods: The surgical procedure was performed on 32 patients, in which 36 consecutive single tooth osseointegrated implants were exposed in the anterior and premolar maxillary region. Previous to implant exposure and 6 months postoperatively, once the implant‐supported restoration was in place, mesial and distal papilla contour measurements were calculated, based on a modification of the papillary index score (PIS). Statistical analysis consisted of paired t test, Pearson's correlation, and ANOVA with repeated measures.
Results: Preoperative PIS ranged from 0 to 3 and from 1 to 3 at the 6 months follow‐up control. A mean of mesial and distal papilla, within the same tooth, was used for paired t test statistical analysis. A mean increase of 1.07 (SD 0.43) in PIS was statistically significant (P <0.001). At the second measurement, in no site was PIS smaller (0%) while in 64 sites PIS was higher (89%). In 51 papilla (71%) there was an increase of 1 PIS unit and 13 (18%) of 2 PIS units between both measurements.
Conclusions: The presented surgical technique performed at second stage implant surgery was useful for partial or total interproximal papilla reconstruction adjacent to maxillary single‐implant restorations. J Periodontol 2000;71:308‐314.
Comparison of Morphological Measurements Extracted From Digitized Dental Radiographs With Lumbar and Femoral Bone Mineral Density Measurements in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Shrout M.K. , Hildebolt C.F. , Potter B.J. , Brunsden T.K.B. , Pilgram T.K. , Dotson M. , Yokoyama‐Crothers N. , Hauser J. , Cohen S. , Kardaris E. , Civitelli R. , Hanes P. 
Published: February 2005

Background: We set out to determine whether morphologic measurements extracted from digitized images of bite‐wing radiographs correlated with lumbar and femoral bone mineral density (BMD) measurements in 45 postmenopausal women who had no or only mild periodontal disease (no probing depths >5 mm).Methods: Lumbar spine and femoral BMDs were determined by dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry. Vertical bite‐wing radiographs were taken and digitized. Crestal and apical regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn on the digital images of the maxillary and mandibular alveolar bone on the patient's right and left sides. For each patient, a single morphologic measurement was made for each of 8 ROIs. Correlation analysis was performed to determine the strengths of the relationships between the morphologic measurements made at the 8 locations and between these morphologic measurements and BMD measurements.Results: The correlations (r) between the morphologic operator (MO) measurements and lumbar spine and femoral BMDs were weak (mean r = 0.02, range = 0.32 to –0.26) and not statistically significant, with no clear trends discernible. Correlations between MO measurements made at the 8 alveolar sites were also weak (mean r = 0.05, range = 0.35 to –0.38) and not statistically significant.Conclusions: The MO measurements used in this study were weakly correlated with lumbar spine and femoral BMDs, with no clear trends discernible in this population of postmenopausal women with no or mild periodontal disease. J Periodontol 2000; 71:335‐340.
Analysis of In Situ Protease Activity in Chronic Adult Periodontitis Patients: Expression of Activated MMP‐2 and a 40 kDa Serine Protease
Authors: Korostoff Jonathan M. , Wang Jian Fei , Sarment David P. , Stewart Jeffrey C.B. , Feldman Roy S. , Billings Paul C. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Periodontitis is characterized by extensive destruction of the gingival tissues and associated supporting structures of the teeth. Although the pathogenesis of the various forms of this disease is not completely understood, host‐derived proteases are believed to have an important role. In this study, we analyzed human tissue samples from chronic adult periodontitis patients to assess the levels of specific proteases and determine the effect of pH and tetracyclines on their activity.Methods: Gingival tissue samples were obtained from patients with chronic adult periodontitis (probing depths ranged from 5 to 9 mm) and periodontally healthy controls. Tissue extracts were prepared and analyzed for protease activity by zymography and Western blotting.Results: Maximal protease activity from clinically normal and diseased tissues was observed at pH 8. Latent matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐9 and MMP‐2 were expressed in all samples examined, while active MMP‐2 was detected only in tissues obtained from patients with clinical disease. The MMP activities were differentially inhibited by derivatives of tetracycline. At pH 6, a protease with a mass of approximately 40 kDa was observed in diseased samples. The enzymatic activity was inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, suggesting it is a serine protease.Conclusions: The results of the current study substantiate the proposed role of host‐derived proteases in the pathogenesis of chronic adult periodontitis. Specifically, they indicate that activated MMP‐2 and a 40 kDa serine protease are involved in tissue destruction associated with this form of periodontal disease and also suggest that tissue pH influences protease activity in situ. J Periodontol 2000;71:353‐360.