bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calibration of Sr/Ca Ratio and In Situ Temperature Using Hawaiian Corals
Authors: Uchiyama Ryohei , Watanabe Tsuyoshi , Kahng Samuel E. , Yamazaki Atsuko 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Sr/Ca ratio of modern coral skeletons can record local seawater temperature (T) and is an important tool for reconstructing past environments. However, site‐specific calibrations are required to ensure accurate temperature reconstructions. Here, we examine three modern coral skeletons collected at contrasting sites on the island of Oahu, Hawaii to establish the first accurate calibrations for this region and investigate site specific influences on the calibration process. Satellite T data, which is used for many calibrations, may not be able to derive an accurate thermometer. For our shallow lagoonal sites, satellite T had smaller seasonal T ranges, which resulted in significantly higher slopes of Sr/Ca‐T compared to using in situ T. The traditional age model based on aligning only min/max values can lead to errors in the Sr/Ca‐T calibration due to variable growth rates. An enhanced age model which adds midpoint alignments between the min/max peak values can account for seasonal changes in growth rate and reduce the error. On the same island, site‐ and time period specific conditions can cause notable differences in the Sr/Ca‐T calibrations. The coral from an estuarine embayment showed a high Sr/Ca offset, likely due to high Sr/Ca in ambient seawater. For corals which experienced thermal stress, lower slopes were observed probably due to elevated Sr/Ca values during the period of thermal stress.
Anthropogenic and Biogenic Sources Drive the Molecular Fingerprints and Atmospheric Processing of Water‐Soluble Organic Aerosols at a Tropical Hill Station in the Western Ghats of India
Authors: Deshmukh Dhananjay K. , Aswini A. R. , Ramya C. B. , Hegde Prashant , Babu S. Suresh 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe widespread presence of organic aerosols (OA) in the atmosphere and their dominant role in climate forcing are increasingly recognized. Measurements from the high‐altitude region provide insights into the natural processes and long‐range transport of aerosols. We studied water‐soluble organic compounds in PM1.1 during January‐March 2020 and February‐April 2021 at Ponmudi (8.8°N and 77.1°E), a tropical hill station (960 m a.s.l.) located on the Western Ghats of India. The 5‐day backward trajectories of air masses presented that continental and marine sources impacted the site during the campaign, and thus we classified samples as mixed and marine air masses. Their molecular fingerprints revealed the prevalence of oxalic acid (C2), followed by terephthalic acid in mixed air mass and malonic (C3) or succinic (C4) acid in maritime air mass aerosol samples. This feature and the phthalic to azelaic acid ratio, as well as the C3 to C4 and fumaric to maleic acid ratios, evidenced that water‐soluble OA were of anthropogenic origin and less photochemically aged in mixed air mass samples, whereas they derived from biogenic sources and more photochemical aging in marine air mass samples. However, we found their comparable contributions in water‐soluble organic carbon under mixed and marine air masses. Linear correlations between C2 relative abundance and its ratios with the precursor compounds implied that the oxidation of precursors to oxalic acid occurs during atmospheric transport. The results revealed that the input of anthropogenic and biogenic precursors followed by atmospheric processing controlled the burden of water‐soluble OA across the Western Ghats.
Weekly Forecasting of Yellow Fever Occurrence and Incidence via Eco‐Meteorological Dynamics
Authors: Servadio Joseph L. , Convertino Matteo , Fiecas Mark , Muñoz‐Zanzi Claudia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractYellow Fever (YF), a mosquito‐borne disease, requires ongoing surveillance and prevention due to its persistence and ability to cause major epidemics, including one that began in Brazil in 2016. Forecasting based on factors influencing YF risk can improve efficiency in prevention. This study aimed to produce weekly forecasts of YF occurrence and incidence in Brazil using weekly meteorological and ecohydrological conditions. Occurrence was forecast as the probability of observing any cases, and incidence was forecast to represent morbidity if YF occurs. We fit gamma hurdle models, selecting predictors from several meteorological and ecohydrological factors, based on forecast accuracy defined by receiver operator characteristic curves and mean absolute error. We fit separate models for data before and after the start of the 2016 outbreak, forecasting occurrence and incidence for all municipalities of Brazil weekly. Different predictor sets were found to produce most accurate forecasts in each time period, and forecast accuracy was high for both time periods. Temperature, precipitation, and previous YF burden were most influential predictors among models. Minimum, maximum, mean, and range of weekly temperature, precipitation, and humidity contributed to forecasts, with optimal lag times of 2, 6, and 7 weeks depending on time period. Results from this study show the use of environmental predictors in providing regular forecasts of YF burden and producing nationwide forecasts. Weekly forecasts, which can be produced using the forecast model developed in this study, are beneficial for informing immediate preparedness measures.
Population Exposure Changes to Mean and Extreme Climate Events Over Pakistan and Associated Mechanisms
Authors: Saleem Farhan , Zhang Wenxia , Hina Saadia , Zeng Xiaodong , Ullah Irfan , Bibi Tehmina , Nnamdi Dike Victor 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe increasing prevalence of warmer trends and climate extremes exacerbate the population's exposure to urban settlements. This work investigated population exposure changes to mean and extreme climate events in different Agro‐Ecological Zones (AEZs) of Pakistan and associated mechanisms (1979−2020). Spatiotemporal trends in mean and extreme temperatures revealed significant warming mainly over northern, northeastern, and southern AEZs. In contrast, mean‐to‐extreme precipitation changes showed non‐uniform patterns with a significant increase in the northeast AEZs. Population exposure to mean (extreme) temperature and precipitation events increased two‐fold during 2000–2020. The AEZs in urban settlements (i.e., Indus Delta, Northern Irrigated Plain, and Barani/Rainfall) show a maximum exposure to extreme temperatures of about 70–100 × 106 (person‐days) in the reference period (1979−1999), which increases to 140–200 × 106 person‐days in the recent period (2000−2020). In addition, the highest exposure to extreme precipitation days also increases to 40–200 × 106 person‐days during 2000–2020 than 1979−1999 (20–100 × 106) person‐days. Relative changes in exposure are large (60%–90%) for the AEZs across northeast Pakistan, justifying the spatial population patterns over these zones. Overall, the observed changes in exposure are primarily attributed to the climate effect (50%) over most AEZs except Northern Irrigated Plain for R10 and R20 events, where the interaction effect takes the lead. The population exposure rapidly increased over major AEZs of Pakistan, which could be more vulnerable to extreme events due to rapid urbanization and population growth in the near future.
How can Changes in the Human‐Flood Distance Mitigate Flood Fatalities and Displacements?
Authors: Wang Ning , Sun Fubao , Koutsoyiannis Demetris , Iliopoulou Theano , Wang Tingting , Wang Hong , Liu Wenbin , Sargentis G.‐Fivos , Dimitriadis Panayiotis 
Published: October 2023

AbstractComprehending the correlation between alterations in human‐flood distance and flood fatalities (as well as displacements) is pivotal for formulating effective human adaptive strategies in response to floods. However, this relationship remains inadequately explored in existing global analyses. To address this gap, we examine 910 flood events occurring from 2000 to 2018, resulting in significant numbers of fatalities and displacements. We find that in 53% of countries, humans tend to distance from floods, particularly in the Middle East. Such distancing greatly mitigates flood fatalities and displacements. Simultaneously, in areas with increased flood protection level (FPL), humans are less likely to move away from floods. Furthermore, FPL and human‐flood distance have decreased in regions affected by ice jam‐ and hurricane‐induced floods from 2000 to 2018. Notably, regions with human‐flood distance slightly below the average for a given flood type experience more severe flood fatalities.
Detecting the Preparatory Phase of Induced Earthquakes at The Geysers (California) Using K‐Means Clustering
Authors: Iaccarino A. G. , Picozzi M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe generation of strong earthquakes is a long‐debated problem in seismology, and its importance is increased by the possible implications for earthquake forecasting. It is hypothesized that the earthquake generation processes are anticipated by several phenomena occurring within a nucleation region. These phenomena, also defined as preparatory processes, load stress on the fault leading it to reach a critical state. In this paper, we investigate the seismicity preceding 19 moderate (Mw ≥ 3.5) earthquakes at The Geysers, Northern California, aiming to verify the existence of a preparatory phase before their occurrence. We apply an unsupervised K‐means clustering technique to analyze time series of physics‐related features extracted from catalog information and estimated for events occurred before the mainshocks. Specifically, we study the temporal evolution of the b‐value from the Gutenberg‐Richter (b), the magnitude of completeness (Mc), the fractal dimension (Dc), the inter‐event time (dt), and the moment rate (). Our analysis shows that out of 19 moderate magnitude events considered, a common preparatory phase for 11 events is clearly identified, plus other five events for which we can guess a preparatory phase but with different characteristics from the previous ones. The latter result confirms that even within the same tectonic context different possible activation behaviors may exist. The duration of the preparatory process ranges between about 16 hr and 4 days. We observe that also for the retrieved preparatory process a decrease in b, Mc, and Dc, and an increase of . Finally, we show a clear correlation between events with a preparation phase and the location of injection's wells, suggesting an important role of fluids in the preparatory process.
Comparison of Eddy Dissipation Rate Estimated From Operational Radiosonde and Commercial Aircraft Observations in the United States
Authors: Ko Han‐Chang , Chun Hye‐Yeong , Sharman Robert D. , Kim Jung‐Hoon 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe one‐third power of the energy dissipation rate (EDR), a primary aviation turbulence metric, is calculated using high vertical‐resolution radiosonde data (HVRRD) and compared with flight‐EDR observed from commercial airlines. Comparisons are made along the main flight routes over the United States and at z = 20–45 kft for 6 years (2012–2017). The horizontal distributions of moderate‐or‐greater (MOG) ratio of HVRRD‐EDR show large values over the Rocky Mountains, consistent with those of flight‐EDR. Vertically, the MOG ratios of HVRRD‐EDR show local peaks at z = 20–23 kft and 41–44 kft, while those of flight‐EDR at z = 23–26 kft and 35–41 kft. Temporally, HVRRD‐EDR has maximum MOG values in JJA and minimum values in DJF at z = 20–30 kft, which is opposite to the flight‐EDR. At z = 30–40 kft, HVRRD‐EDR shows nearly no seasonal variation but flight‐EDR has large values in MAM and small values in JJA. At z = 40–45 kft, HVRRD‐EDR (flight‐EDR) shows large values in MAM and small values in SON (DJF). Discrepancies in spatiotemporal distributions between the two data sets likely stem from: (a) turbulence observed from the two data sets cannot be the same event, (b) the limitation of HVRRD‐EDR in capturing shear‐instability under statically stable condition (i.e., Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability) which probably accounts for most flight‐EDR events at upper levels, and (c) limitation in aircraft measurements response to fluctuations at smaller scales than the aircraft size.
Personalised lung cancer risk stratification and lung cancer screening: do general practice electronic medical records have a role?
Authors: Jani Bhautesh Dinesh , Sullivan Michael K. , Hanlon Peter , Nicholl Barbara I. , Lees Jennifer S. , Brown Lamorna , MacDonald Sara , Mark Patrick B. , Mair Frances S. , Sullivan Frank M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
In the United Kingdom (UK), cancer screening invitations are based on general practice (GP) registrations. We hypothesize that GP electronic medical records (EMR) can be utilised to calculate a lung cancer risk score with good accuracy/clinical utility.

Methods
The development cohort was Secure Anonymised Information Linkage-SAIL (2.3 million GP EMR) and the validation cohort was UK Biobank-UKB (N = 211,597 with GP-EMR availability). Fast backward method was applied for variable selection and area under the curve (AUC) evaluated discrimination.

Results
Age 55–75 were included (SAIL: N = 574,196; UKB: N = 137,918). Six-year lung cancer incidence was 1.1% (6430) in SAIL and 0.48% (656) in UKB. The final model included 17/56 variables in SAIL for the EMR-derived score: age, sex, socioeconomic status, smoking status, family history, body mass index (BMI), BMI:smoking interaction, alcohol misuse, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, coronary heart disease, dementia, hypertension, painful condition, stroke, peripheral vascular disease and history of previous cancer and previous pneumonia. The GP-EMR-derived score had AUC of 80.4% in SAIL and 74.4% in UKB and outperformed ever-smoked criteria (currently the first step in UK lung cancer screening pilots).

Discussion
A GP-EMR-derived score may have a role in UK lung cancer screening by accurately targeting high-risk individuals without requiring patient contact.
ZNF281 inhibits mitochondrial biogenesis to facilitate metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Qingfang , Zhang Chenguang , Zhang Xialu , Wang Shanshan , Guo Ting , Yin Yuzhe , Zhang Hui , Li Zhuo , Si Yang , Lu Yabin , Cheng Shan , Ding Wei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractZinc finger protein 281 (ZNF281) has been shown to promote tumor progression. However, the underlying mechanism remains to be further elucidated. In this study, ZNF281 knockdown increased the expression of mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, accompanied with increment of mitochondrial content, oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and levels of TCA cycle intermetabolites. Mechanistic investigation revealed that ZNF281 suppressed the transcription of TFAM, nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α). Furthermore, ZNF281 interacted with NRF1 and PGC-1α, and was recruited onto the promoter regions of TFAM, TFB1M and TFB2M repressing their expression. Knockdown of TFAM reversed ZNF281 depletion induced up-regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and function, as well as impaired epithelial mesenchymal transition, invasion and metastasis of HCC cells. Our research uncovered a novel suppressive function of ZNF281 on mitochondrial biogenesis through inhibition of the NRF1/PGC-1α-TFAM axis, which may hold therapeutic potentials for HCC.
Cigarette smoke causes a bioenergetic crisis in RPE cells involving the downregulation of HIF-1α under normoxia
Authors: Henning Yoshiyuki , Willbrand Katrin , Larafa Safa , Weißenberg Gesa , Matschke Veronika , Theiss Carsten , Görtz Gina-Eva , Matschke Johann 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAge-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common blinding disease in the elderly population. However, there are still many uncertainties regarding the pathophysiology at the molecular level. Currently, impaired energy metabolism in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells is discussed as one major hallmark of early AMD pathophysiology. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are important modulators of mitochondrial function. Moreover, smoking is the most important modifiable risk factor for AMD and is known to impair mitochondrial integrity. Therefore, our aim was to establish a cell-based assay that enables us to investigate how smoking affects mitochondrial function in conjunction with HIF signaling in RPE cells. For this purpose, we treated a human RPE cell line with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) under normoxia (21% O2), hypoxia (1% O2), or by co-treatment with Roxadustat, a clinically approved HIF stabilizer. CSE treatment impaired mitochondrial integrity, involving increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, and altered mitochondrial morphology. Treatment effects on cell metabolism were analyzed using a Seahorse Bioanalyzer. Mitochondrial respiration and ATP production were impaired in CSE-treated cells under normoxia. Surprisingly, CSE-treated RPE cells also exhibited decreased glycolytic rate under normoxia, causing a bioenergetic crisis, because two major metabolic pathways that provide ATP were impaired by CSE. Downregulation of glycolytic rate was HIF-dependent because HIF-1α, the α-subunit of HIF-1, was downregulated by CSE on the protein level, especially under normoxia. Moreover, hypoxia incubation and treatment with Roxadustat restored glycolytic flux. Taken together, our in vitro model provides interesting insights into HIF-dependent regulation of glycolysis under normoxic conditions, which will enable us to investigate signaling pathways involved in RPE metabolism in health and disease.
Pasteurella sp. associated with fatal septicaemia in six African elephants
Authors: Foggin Chris M. , Rosen Laura E. , Henton Marijke M. , Buys Angela , Floyd Toby , Turner Andrew D. , Tarbin Jonathan , Lloyd Antony S. , Chaitezvi Columbas , Ellis Richard J. , Roberts Helen C. , Dastjerdi Akbar , Nunez Alejandro , van Vliet Arnoud H. M. , Steinbach Falko 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe sudden mortality of African elephants (Loxodonta africana) in Botswana and Zimbabwe in 2020 provoked considerable public interest and speculation. Poaching and malicious poisoning were excluded early on in the investigation. Other potential causes included environmental intoxication, infectious diseases, and increased habitat stress due to ongoing drought. Here we show evidence of the mortalities in Zimbabwe as fatal septicaemia associated with Bisgaard taxon 45, an unnamed close relative of Pasteurella multocida. We analyse elephant carcasses and environmental samples, and fail to find evidence of cyanobacterial or other intoxication. Post-mortem and histological findings suggest a bacterial septicaemia similar to haemorrhagic septicaemia caused by P. multocida. Biochemical tests and 16S rDNA analysis of six samples and genomic analysis of one sample confirm the presence of Bisgaard taxon 45. The genome sequence contains many of the canonical P. multocida virulence factors associated with a range of human and animal diseases, including the pmHAS gene for hyaluronidase associated with bovine haemorrhagic septicaemia. Our results demonstrate that Bisgaard taxon 45 is associated with a generalised, lethal infection and that African elephants are susceptible to opportunistically pathogenic Pasteurella species. This represents an important conservation concern for elephants in the largest remaining metapopulation of this endangered species.
Organoids transplantation attenuates intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice through L-Malic acid-mediated M2 macrophage polarization
Authors: Zhang Fang-Ling , Hu Zhen , Wang Yi-Fan , Zhang Wen-Juan , Zhou Bo-Wei , Sun Qi-Shun , Lin Ze-Bin , Liu Ke-Xuan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntestinal organoid transplantation is a promising therapy for the treatment of mucosal injury. However, how the transplanted organoids regulate the immune microenvironment of recipient mice and their role in treating intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury remains unclear. Here, we establish a method for transplanting intestinal organoids into intestinal I/R mice. We find that transplantation improve mouse survival, promote self-renewal of intestinal stem cells and regulate the immune microenvironment after intestinal I/R, depending on the enhanced ability of macrophages polarized to an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. Specifically, we report that L-Malic acid (MA) is highly expressed and enriched in the organoids-derived conditioned medium and cecal contents of transplanted mice, demonstrating that organoids secrete MA during engraftment. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrate that MA induces M2 macrophage polarization and restores interleukin-10 levels in a SOCS2-dependent manner. This study provides a therapeutic strategy for intestinal I/R injury.
Identification of CCZ1 as an essential lysosomal trafficking regulator in Marburg and Ebola virus infections
Authors: Monteil Vanessa , Kwon Hyesoo , John Lijo , Salata Cristiano , Jonsson Gustav , Vorrink Sabine U. , Appelberg Sofia , Youhanna Sonia , Dyczynski Matheus , Leopoldi Alexandra , Leeb Nicole , Volz Jennifer , Hagelkruys Astrid , Kellner Max J. , Devignot Stéphanie , Michlits Georg , Foong-Sobis Michelle , Weber Friedemann , Lauschke Volker M. , Horn Moritz , Feldmann Heinz , Elling Ulrich , Penninger Josef M. , Mirazimi Ali 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMarburg and Ebola filoviruses are two of the deadliest infectious agents and several outbreaks have occurred in the last decades. Although several receptors and co-receptors have been reported for Ebola virus, key host factors remain to be elucidated. In this study, using a haploid cell screening platform, we identify the guanine nucleotide exchange factor CCZ1 as a key host factor in the early stage of filovirus replication. The critical role of CCZ1 for filovirus infections is validated in 3D primary human hepatocyte cultures and human blood-vessel organoids, both critical target sites for Ebola and Marburg virus tropism. Mechanistically, CCZ1 controls early to late endosomal trafficking of these viruses. In addition, we report that CCZ1 has a role in the endosomal trafficking of endocytosis-dependent SARS-CoV-2 infections, but not in infections by Lassa virus, which enters endo-lysosomal trafficking at the late endosome stage. Thus, we have identified an essential host pathway for filovirus infections in cell lines and engineered human target tissues. Inhibition of CCZ1 nearly completely abolishes Marburg and Ebola infections. Thus, targeting CCZ1 could potentially serve as a promising drug target for controlling infections caused by various viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2, Marburg, and Ebola.