bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analisis Penguasaan Kosakata (Vocabulary) Bahasa Inggris Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Sudarma Tri Feridiyana , Novitasari Yesi , Reswita Reswita 
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami penguasaan kosakata bahasa Inggris anak kelompok B TK Ihsan Kids. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Sampel penelitian ini adalah siswa Kelas B TK Ihsan Kids. Teknik pengambilan sampelnya mengadopsi teknik sampling populasi. Jumlah responden dalam penelitian ini adalah 28 siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner untuk mengumpulkan data, rata-rata hasil penelitian adalah 2,84% Analisis penguasaan kosakata bahasa Inggris anak kelompok B TK Ihsan Kids di Pekanbaru berada pada tingkat tinggi. Di antara indikator nilai kosakata bahasa Inggris anak usia dini dapat disimpulkan dari indikator yang nilainya lebih tinggi mencapai tingkat akhir
An Automatic Approach for Grouping Sunspots and Calculating Relative Sunspot Number on SDO/HMI Continuum Images
Authors: Zhao Cui , Yang Shangbin , Wang Tingmei , Zhao Haiyan , Liu Shiyuan , He Fangyuan , Hu Zhengkun 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The relative sunspot number is one of the major parameters for the study of long-term solar activity. The automatic calculation of the relative sunspot number is more stable and accurate as compared to manual methods. In this paper, we propose an algorithm that can detect sunspots, and divide them into groups to automatically calculate the relative sunspot number. Mathematical morphology was adopted to detect sunspots then group them. The data set used were the continuum images from SDO/HMI. The process was carried out on the overall HMI data available on the timespan from 2022 January to 2023 May with a time cadence of one day. The experimental results indicated that the method achieved high accuracy of 85.3%. It was well fitted with the international relative sunspot number provided by Solar Influences Data Analysis Center (CC = 0.91). We calculated the conversion factor K value of SDO/HMI for calculating the relative sunspots number (K = 1.03).
Transition from Small-scale to Large-scale Dynamo in a Supernova-driven, Multiphase Medium
Authors: Gent Frederick A. , Mac Low Mordecai-Mark , Korpi-Lagg Maarit J. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Magnetic fields are now widely recognized as critical at many scales to galactic dynamics and structure, including multiphase pressure balance, dust processing, and star formation. Using imposed magnetic fields cannot reliably model the interstellar medium's (ISM) dynamical structure nor phase interactions. Dynamos must be modeled. ISM models exist of turbulent magnetic fields using small-scale dynamo (SSD). Others model the large-scale dynamo (LSD) organizing magnetic fields at the scale of the disk or spiral arms. Separately, neither can fully describe the galactic magnetic field dynamics nor topology. We model the LSD and SSD together at a sufficient resolution to use the low explicit Lagrangian resistivity required. The galactic SSD saturates within 20 Myr. We show that the SSD is quite insensitive to the presence of an LSD and is even stronger in the presence of a large-scale shear flow. The LSD grows more slowly in the presence of SSD, saturating after 5 Gyr versus 1–2 Gyr in studies where the SSD is weak or absent. The LSD primarily grows in warm gas in the galactic midplane. Saturation of the LSD occurs due to α-quenching near the midplane as the growing mean-field produces a magnetic α that opposes the kinetic α. The magnetic energy in our models of the LSD shows a slightly sublinear response to increasing resolution, indicating that we are converging toward the physical solution at 1 pc resolution. Clustering supernovae in OB associations increases the growth rates for both the SSD and the LSD, compared to a horizontally uniform supernova distribution.
Probing the Dipole of the Diffuse Gamma-Ray Background
Authors: Kashlinsky A. , Atrio-Barandela F. , Shrader C. S. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We measured the dipole of the diffuse γ-ray background (DGB), identifying a highly significant time-independent signal coincidental with that of the Pierre Auger UHECR. The DGB dipole is determined from flux maps in narrow energy bands constructed from 13 yr of observations by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) of the Fermi satellite. The γ-ray maps were clipped iteratively of sources and foregrounds similar to that done for the cosmic infrared background. The clipped narrow energy band maps were then assembled into one broad energy map out to the given energy starting at E = 2.74 GeV, where the LAT beam falls below the sky’s pixel resolution. Next we consider cuts in Galactic latitude and longitude to probe residual foreground contaminations from the Galactic plane and center. In the broad energy range 2.74 < E ≤ 115.5 GeV, the measured dipoles are stable with respect to the various Galactic cuts, consistent with an extragalactic origin. The γ-ray sky’s dipole/monopole ratio is much greater than that expected from the DGB clustering component and the Compton–Getting effect origin with reasonable velocities. At ≃(6.5–7)% it is similar to the Pierre Auger UHECRs with E
UHECR ≥ 8 EeV, pointing to a common origin of the two dipoles. However, the DGB flux associated with the found DGB dipole reaches parity with that of the UHECR around E
UHECR ≤ 1 EeV, perhaps arguing for a non-cascading mechanism if the DGB dipole were to come from the higher-energy UHECRs. The signal-to-noise ratio of the DGB dipole is largest in the 5–30 GeV range, possibly suggesting the γ-photons at these energies are the ones related to cosmic rays.
NICER, NuSTAR, and Insight-HXMT Views to the Newly Discovered Black Hole X-Ray Binary Swift J1727.8-1613
Authors: Peng Jing-Qiang , Zhang Shu , Shui Qing-Cang , Zhang Shuang-Nan , Kong Ling-Da , Chen Yu-Peng , Wang Peng-Ju , Ji Long , Qu Jin-Lu , Tao Lian , Ge Ming-Yu , Chang Zhi , Li Jian , Li Zhao-sheng , Yu Zhuo-Li , Yan Zhe 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Swift J1727.8–1613 is a black hole X-ray binary newly discovered in 2023. We perform spectral analysis with simultaneous Insight-HXMT, NICER, and NuSTAR observations when the source was approaching the hard intermediate state. Such a joint view reveals an additional hard component apart from the normally observed hard component with reflection in the spectrum, to be distinguished from the usual black hole X-ray binary systems. By including this extra component in the spectrum, we have measured a high spin of

0.98

−
0.07

+
0.02

and an inclination of around

40

−
0.8

+
1.2

°, which is consistent with NICER results reported before. However, we find that the additional spectral component cannot be exclusively determined due to the model degeneracy. Accordingly, a possible jet/corona configuration is adjusted to account for the spectral fitting with different model trials. The extra component may originate either from a relativistic jet or a jet base/corona underneath a slow jet.
NE2001p: A Native Python Implementation of the NE2001 Galactic Electron Density Model
Authors: Ocker Stella Koch , Cordes James M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The Galactic electron density model NE2001 describes the multicomponent ionized structure of the Milky Way interstellar medium. NE2001 forward models the dispersion and scattering of compact radio sources, including pulsars, fast radio bursts, active galactic nuclei, and masers, and the model is routinely used to predict the distances of radio sources lacking independent distance measures. Here we present the open-source package NE2001p, a fully Python implementation of NE2001. The model parameters are identical to NE2001 but the computational architecture is optimized for Python, yielding small (<1%) numerical differences between NE2001p and the Fortran code. NE2001p can be used on the command-line and through Python scripts available on PyPI. Future package releases will include modular extensions aimed at providing short-term improvements to model accuracy, including a modified thick disk scale height and additional clumps and voids. This implementation of NE2001 is a springboard to a next-generation Galactic electron density model now in development.
Morphological and Spectral Characterization of Lunar Regolith Breakdown due to Water Ice
Authors: Shackelford A. , Donaldson Hanna K. L. , Horton M. , Noce D. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Remote sensing observations of the Moon suggest that the lunar polar regolith environment is affected by several natural processes that may cause the regolith in these regions to become more porous and fine particulate. One of these processes may be the mechanical breakdown of regolith particles through the interaction of water ice and regolith by frost wedging. We present morphological and spectral analyses of high-fidelity lunar regolith simulants LHS-1 (lunar highlands simulant-1) and LMS-1 (lunar mare simulant-1) that have been exposed to varying concentrations of water ice (1, 10, and 30 wt%) over extended periods of time (1, 3, and 6 months) to evaluate the extent at which lunar regolith may be weathered by ice-regolith interactions in the Moon’s polar regions. To characterize changes in regolith particle morphology, we explored grain size and shape parameters with the CILAS ExpertShape suite and characterized the abundance and evolution of clinging fines with scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Reflectance spectra were taken from 1.0–22.5 μm (444.4–10,000 cm−1) to characterize any differences in spectral features that may occur as a result of regolith breakdown. Both the morphological and spectral investigations display trends that show simulant particle degradation as a function of composition, increasing water concentration, and freezing time. Our study demonstrates that the lunar regolith is susceptible to mechanical breakdown in the presence of water ice and that water ice is likely a contributor to the weathering environment within permanently shadowed regions on the lunar surface.
Long-Term Visual Outcomes in Patients With Idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane Surgery
Authors: Steinkerchner Megan S. , Russell Matthew W. , Sharma Neha , Kumar Madhukar , Talcott Katherine E. , Singh Rishi P. 
Published: January 2024

Background and Objective:
Our aim was to assess long-term outcomes following surgical repair of idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM) with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and membrane peel (MP).

Patients and Methods:
A retrospective study evaluated patients with idiopathic ERM who underwent surgical repair at a single academic tertiary center with five to nine years of postoperative follow-up, assessing preoperative characteristics, surgical techniques, best visual acuity (BVA), and optical coherence tomography biomarkers at various time points.

Results:
The study involved 67 patients (72 eyes) with an average postoperative follow-up of 82.8 ± 18.8 months. Patients with cone outer segment tips integrity at initial presentation and 1-year follow-up and patients with external limiting membrane and ellipsoid zone integrity at 1-year follow-up were noted to have significantly better long-term visual acuity than those without. More than 85% of patients achieved a BVA > 70 seven years after surgical repair.

Conclusions:
Vitreoretinal surgery for idiopathic ERM resulted in improved anatomical recovery and sustained visual acuity gain over long-term follow-up.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
2024;55:70–77.]
Memory-like NK Cells Are a Critical Component of Vaccine-Induced Immunity to Trypanosoma cruzi Infection
Authors: Horta Aline L , Gigley Jason , Boutet Marie , Lavau Gregoire , Weiss Louis M , Huang Huan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Chagas disease by Trypanosoma cruzi infection is a major public health issue. The available therapeutic agents have limited efficacy and significant side effects. A reliable vaccine would reduce the threat of T. cruzi infections and prevent Chagas disease. Understanding the immune response to this infection would improve vaccine design. We previously demonstrated that adoptively transferred NK cells from mice immunized with highly attenuated T. cruzi, GFP-DDDHA strain, provided potent protection in naive recipients against secondary lethal challenge with various wild-type (WT) strains. To understand the importance of NK cells in protecting mice against T. cruzi infection, we performed an in-depth characterization of NK cell phenotype, responses, and memory-like traits during acute infections due to GFP-DDDHA and WT strains and in immunized mice during a recall response to a WT lethal challenge. NK cells robustly expanded and became more mature and cytolytic during the GFP-DDDHA strain immunization. NK cells in immunized mice responded more robustly after WT lethal challenge than during an acute primary WT infection. In addition, protection by immunization with the GFP-DDDHA strain is significantly weakened in NK cell–deficient mice and did not prevent parasitemia from WT lethal challenge, indicating that NK cells with memory-like traits were a critical component for early control of WT lethal challenge. Prior T. cruzi vaccine development studies have not included studies of this rapid NK response. These findings provide insights into overcoming existing challenges in developing a safe and effective vaccine to prevent this infection.
2/1 dose schedule of sunitinib is superior than the 4/2 regimen for the first-line therapy of clear cell metastatic renal cell carcinoma – An Indian experience
Authors: Jaipuria Jiten , Jain Ankita , Gupta Shashikant , Sadasukhi Nripesh , Kasaraneni Priyatham , Singh Amitabh , Gupta Kush , Sharma Girish , Talwar Vineet , Rawal Sudhir Kumar 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Sunitinib remains the first-line treatment for favorable risk metastatic clear cell renal cell cancer (mccRCC). It was conventionally given in the 4/2 schedule; however, toxicity necessitated trying the 2/1 regimen. Regional variations in treatment response and toxicity are known, and there is no data from the Indian subcontinent about the outcomes of the alternative dosing schedule.

Methods:
Clinical records of all consecutive adult patients who received sunitinib as first-line therapy for histologically proven mccRCC following cytoreductive nephrectomy from 2010–2018 were reviewed. The primary objective was to determine the progression-free survival (PFS), and the secondary objectives were to evaluate the response rate (objective response rate and clinical benefit rate), toxicity, and overall survival. A list of variables having a biologically plausible association with outcome was drawn and multivariate inverse probability treatment weights (IPTW) analysis was done to determine the absolute effect size of dosing schedules on PFS in terms of “average treatment effect on the treated” and “potential outcome mean.”

Results:
We found 2/1 schedule to be independently associated with higher PFS on IPTW analysis such that if every patient in the subpopulation received sunitinib by the 2/1 schedule, the average time to progression was estimated to be higher by 6.1 months than the 4/2 schedule. We also found 2/1 group to have a lower incidence than the 4/2 group for nearly all ≥ grade 3 adverse effects. Other secondary outcomes were comparable between both treatment groups.

Conclusion:
Sunitinib should be given via the 2/1 schedule in Indian patients.
Assessment of educational environment of midwifery students in Auxillary Nurse and Midwifery Institutes, Tamil Nadu – A descriptive study
Authors: Govindarajulu Srinivas , Rajasekar Geetha , Anbazhagan Rakesh , Muthuvel Thirumugam , Subhavaishnavi B. , Maanasa R. , Srijayanth Parameswari 
Published: January 2024

Introduction:
Tamil Nadu has a well-established public health-care delivery system with the Auxiliary Nurse and Midwifery (ANM) or Village Health Nurses. They learn and qualify for their job from ANM institutes and become the key field level functionary who interacts directly with the community. Their ability to provide quality community care is largely determined by the quality of ANM education they receive during their training. Hence, this study aimed to assess the perception of these students to facilitate a conducive educational environment.

Methods:
A descriptive study was carried out among 244 ANM students from across 10 randomly selected government ANM schools in Tamil Nadu. A self-administered Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM) questionnaire was used for assessment. The data was analyzed using EpiData.

Results:
Among the 244 students enrolled in the study, the mean (standard deviation) global DREEM score was 167.39 (±18.06). Student's academic perception was the highest (91%), followed by student's perception of atmosphere (84.2%), learning (84%), and teachers (83.5%), and the least average score was from student's social self-perception (74%).

Conclusion:
The study showed the nursing students' view on their academic learning environment as “more positive than negative,” Centers were also considered excellent, and this assessment would provide an useful guide into the areas that students felt “good” about, which should be reinforced and the weaker areas that need to be strengthened for better services.
Quality of life and its determinants in people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection in Kannur District, Kerala
Authors: Pradeesh C. B. , Dev Sahya S. , Sivadasan Prathyush , Sobhith V. K. 
Published: January 2024

Introduction:The prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection in India is on decline. Since the introduction of Anti Retroviral Therapy, the survival of HIV positives has improved a lot. HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is now a chronic yet manageable disease. However, social factors like stigma and discrimination still exist, affecting the quality of life (QoL) of people living with HIV (PLHIV)/AIDS. The objectives of the study were to assess the QOL among HIV-positive patients using the World Health Organization-QOL BREF (WHO-QOL BREF) questionnaire, the factors determining the QoL of HIV-positive patients, and the stigma and discrimination faced by HIV positives in the medical field.Methods:A cross-sectional study was done during the study period of 1 year. A total of 150 PLHIV from Kannur district in Kerala participated in the study. The WHO-QOL BREF, Scale and the HIV stigma scale were used to collect the data.Results:The QoL score found in the study was 15.36 ± 2.18, 2.18. The overall QoL was influenced by education, the Stigma Scale score, having a constant income or an increased income after diagnosis, and a Perceived Social Support Scale score. The study also found that 22% (33) of the participants faced stigma and discrimination from the medical field in one form or another.Conclusion:The study found that the QOL of PLHIV in the Kannur district of Kerala revealed no difference between men and women. The determinant factors for QOL were found to vary in each domain. Education was found to have a negative impact on QOL.
Covid-19 semantics of the selected social media posts affecting the lives of Filipinos
Authors: Mangompit Rowanne Marie , Pilapil Edwin , Marinas Allan , Licen Christian Ray , Un Aida Verga 
Published: January 2024

Aiming to contribute in managing the health crisis in
attaining the Sustainable Development Goal 3, that is, ensuring
healthy lives and promoting well-being for all at all ages, this
study described and analyzed the experiences of Filipinos from the
Covid-19 terminologies and how these terms influenced their
sociocultural behavior. Textual analysis and interviews were
employed to gather and analyze the data. The Covid-19
terminologies were taken from the memos, news articles, and
social media posts of local government units. These terminologies
were validated in the Cambridge Dictionary, Oxford Dictionary,
and Coronavirus Corpus. Results revealed that the experiences of
the Filipinos from the Covid-19 terminologies pertain to the
activities and functioning, especially in following the protocols
and mental well-being that predominated the other types of wellbeing. Further, the experiences demonstrated the faith-based
resiliency, familial support, sense of humor, positivity, bayanihan
spirit and flexibility amidst adversities as sociocultural pattern of
Filipinos during the pandemic.
Exploring parent’s role, involvement and challenges in the most critical stage of their children’s development
Authors: Joemar Minoza , Mayeth Elloran 
Published: January 2024

The role and involvement of the parents towards their
children’s education is indispensable especially in the formative
years. Nowadays, these crucial role and involvement has been
confronted by the uprising economic constraints in the Philippines
especially in the rural areas. Furhermore, empirical literatures
reported the decreasing parental involvement. Hence, the study aims
to explore parent’s role, involvement and challenges in the education
of their children in the formative years. This study used a qualitative
method of research employing phenomenological method of
investigation to gather necessary data through an interview guide
from 8 informants who were purposively chosen. Three major
themes were elicited: Parent’s role as Replica, Guide and Provider;
Limited involvement due to educational attainment, poverty and
livelihood; and Parents’ involvement as immense factor to children’s
success which imply that parents were fully aware of their respective
roles and that poverty, educational attainment and their livelihood
are the key factors affecting their roles. It was further revealed that
despite financial challenges, informants were still having positive
attitude towards the value of education in the success of their
children. It is concluded that informants are well aware of their
respective roles and involvement in the education of their parents
leading them to have a positive attitude on the value of education for
their children. It is recommended that extension or cause-oriented
programs be conceptualized to help parents in performing their
respective crucial roles.
Curriculum theory and practice: A comparative literature review
Authors: Frank Angelo Pacala Abayog 
Published: January 2024

Curriculum has emerged over the past century from a simple
list of subject-specific outcomes to an intricate and holistic set of
experiences for students to grapple with. This comparative literature
review discusses the research related to curriculum theory and
practice. It draws upon a range of sources, from Mark K Smith’s
article on Curriculum Theory and Practice, theoretical discussions of
curriculum planning and evaluation, to empirical studies of
educational planning in varied contexts. The purpose of this research
is to evaluate the Theory of Smith as compared to other related
literatures on the curriculum theory and planning. This review
discussed curriculum being transmission of knowledge, as product,
as process, and as praxis. The findings found that all approaches to
curriculum development as a product of momentary articulations, as
well as a dynamic process of collective becoming and reflective
action. This paper found out that most literatures agree with the
theory of Smith. Therefore, this paper concluded that any type of
school curriculum should be viewed as a combination of a product,
process, and praxis.