bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ASSOCIATION OF CHILDHOOD EXPOSURE TO SCHOOL RACIAL SEGREGATION WITH LATE-LIFE COGNITION AMONG AMERICAN ADULTS
Authors: Lin Zhuoer , Wang Yi , Gill Thomas , Chen Xi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Racial segregation may contribute to enduringly worse health outcomes and aging. Prior research mainly focuses on residential segregation, yet the long-term effects of school segregation and the effects for different racial/ethnic groups are largely unknown. Linking measures of primary school segregation using administrative data with a nationally representative population survey in the US, we examine how childhood exposure to school racial segregation shapes the late-life cognitive function. 23,752 non-Hispanic White (White), 6,364 non-Hispanic Black (Black) American adults aged 50 and older were identified from the Health and Retirement Study; and state-level school dissimilarity indexes in late 1960s were linked to participants’ latest wave of cognitive assessment using childhood residence. Multivariate regression analyses demonstrated that exposure to White-Black school segregation had strong, negative effects on cognitive outcomes for both White and Black participants. One standard deviation increase in dissimilarity index was associated with lower cognitive score (White: = -0.16 [95%CI, -0.22, -0.11]; Black: = -0.42 [95%CI, -0.53, -0.30]) and more cognitive impairment (White: Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.10 [95%CI, 1.06, 1.13]; Black: OR = 1.21 [95%CI, 1.14, 1.27]) adjusting for age and sex. Educational attainment and other socioeconomic characteristics explained most associations (40-70%), and the effects remained significant even after accounting for a rich set of late-life factors. Overall, these findings suggest that childhood exposure to school segregation has long-lasting effects on late-life cognition for both White and Black Americans. Educational policy and reform should be promoted to reduce school racial segregation within and between school districts to address health inequities.
RELIGIOSITY, RELIGIOUS BELIEFS, AND COGNITIVE STATUS AMONG BLACK AND WHITE MEN WITH SIMILAR INCOMES
Authors: Bruce Marino , Beech Bettina , Marshall Gillian , Phillips Nicole , Jones Harlan , Pettigrew Corinne , Thorpe Roland J 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Black men experience multiple stressors linked with cognitive impairment and have higher risks for Alzheimer’s Disease and related dementias than their White peers. Yet, few studies have focused on coping resources. Religious beliefs and institutions are thought to have health benefits; however, no study to our knowledge has examined religious practices or beliefs and their association with cognitive impairment disparities among Black and White men. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between religious practices and/or beliefs and cognitive status among Black and White men in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Data were drawn from Black and White men who reported incomes at or below $50,000 and completed the Core and Leave Behind Questionnaires in the 2016 HRS. The primary outcome was any cognitive impairment, a dichotomous variable derived from a modified version of the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS). Religious service attendance, private prayer frequency, and religious beliefs were the primary independent variables. The proportion of Black men was 24.2% and had a larger proportion of individuals with any cognitive impairment than their White peers (47.2% vs 29.4%). Results from race-stratified Modified Poisson Regression models indicated that occasional religious service attendance was beneficial for White men (PR=0.68, CI:0.52-0.89) while private prayer (PR=0.71, CI:0.52-0.98) and religious beliefs (PR=0.90, CI:0.83-0.97) were inversely related to any cognitive impairment among Black men. Full-scale studies of Black men with robust religiosity measures are needed to further examine the association between religious factors and cognitive functioning among this group.
POLICY SERIES: PUBLIC HEALTH AND AGING POLICY: EXPERIENCE OF 2023 GSA SUMMER POLICY INTERNS
Authors: D’Antonio Patricia , Lindberg Brian 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The Gerontological Society of America (GSA) is home to an established summer policy internship program. Aimed at emerging scholars, these professional development opportunities are named in memory of Kathryn Hyer, MPP, PhD, FGSA, FAGHE, and Greg O’Neill, PhD, who were policy scholars and long-time GSA members. Interns participate in an 8-week in person experience in Washington, DC. Interns will share how their experiences have impacted their research and their future career goals in gerontology.
INSIDE PAHPA: A GSA POLICY INTERN’S JOURNEY TO THE INTERSECTION OF POLICY AND PREPAREDNESS
Authors: Thompson Alisha , Brekke Bailee , Mu Christina , D’Antonio Patricia 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Public health and safety are facing increasingly severe threats from natural disasters, infectious diseases, and emergencies caused by human actions, both intentional and unintentional. These incidents now impact a larger number of people and cover broader geographical areas compared to the past. Chief among those most affected are older people, as highlighted during the COVID-19 pandemic and other crises. Addressing these disparities is crucial, and the federal government plays a pivotal role in tackling this issue. Much of my research up to this point has focused on preparedness among older people for emergencies that threaten public health. My experience as a GSA Summer Policy Intern has significantly influenced my understanding of the relationship between public health emergencies and aging policy. Through witnessing the legislative process at the national level, monitoring resource allocation in the federal budget, and attending Congressional hearings, I gained valuable insights into the complexities of this field. My perspective was further shaped by closely monitoring, synthesizing, and disseminating information about the 2023 Reauthorization of the Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Act (PAHPA). Additionally, I provided valuable feedback on the relevance of this bill to the interests of GSA and contributed to comments on a bipartisan discussion draft related to this legislation. Equipped with this newfound insight and understanding, I am confident that I will be a more effective advocate and scholar in the field of aging policy.
HEALTH EQUITY, INTERSECTIONALITY, AND CLIMATE CHANGE: PUBLIC HEALTH CONSIDERATIONS FOR RESEARCH
Authors: Mu Christina , Thompson Alisha , Brekke Bailee , D’Antonio Patricia 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
With the rapidly growing aging population, we are faced with an increasingly diverse population of older people. In the 2023 MedPac Report, the Commission found that health disparities by race/ethnicity and income persist. Black Medicare beneficiaries and people with low-income subsidies are at higher risk of poor health outcomes (e.g., increase hospitalization, readmission, and emergency department visits) compared to non-Hispanic White, Asian, and higher income beneficiaries. In the coming years, the aging population will be faced with novel challenges that threaten individuals’ pursuit of health, well-being, and life. The focus of this presentation will be to discuss three emerging research areas including health disparities, intersectionality, and climate change. All are distinctly important and interconnected with health research more broadly. As a GSA summer policy intern, I researched legislation and synthesized literature related to these topics. For instance, I monitored and reviewed the Pandemic All Hazards Preparedness Act, Survival Aid for Emergencies Through Medicare Act, and MedPac recommendations to promote health equity. Additionally, I reviewed and contributed to GSA sign-on letters for congressional legislation. Within my own research focused on the joint associations of sleep and pain, this internship experience has provided new insights in line with my dissertation, which also seeks to uncover differences by age, sex, and race/ethnicity, as well as understand how contextual factors may influence the individual’s health. Looking forward, researchers may have vested interested in contributing to gaps in knowledge regarding health disparities and climate change.
FORMING AGING RESEARCH TEAMS THROUGH SPECIAL INTEREST GROUPS: THE GRADUATE STUDENT EXPERIENCE
Authors: Urbanski Dana , Lakshminarayan Kamakshi , Steele Maritza , Baig Farah , Rivera-Leon Adrianna , Berning Michelle , Gaugler Joseph 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The study of aging is inherently interdisciplinary, requiring formation of collaborative research teams that span a variety of fields and disciplinary backgrounds. This team approach is essential for answering complex, multifaceted questions about human aging; however, it may serve as a significant barrier to entry for graduate students interested in obtaining training and expertise in aging research. By and large, many graduate students are highly centralized in single academic departments and lack sufficient resources and opportunities to gain interdisciplinary research training and experience. The University of Minnesota Center for Healthy Aging and Innovation (CHAI) has created Special Interest Groups (SIGs) to facilitate team science and interdisciplinary collaboration by providing infrastructure and community for faculty, post-doctoral fellows, and—importantly—graduate students from across campus who have shared interests in aging. Here, we discuss a research project developed and organized by CHAI’s Aging and Chronic Disease Management SIG which has drawn substantial graduate student engagement. Together, eight graduate students representing four University of Minnesota colleges are working with faculty to conceptualize and complete a systematic literature review on caregiving for older adults with hypertension. Drawing on this example, we share early lessons learned as well as key challenges and opportunities for engaging graduate students in interdisciplinary aging research through SIGs. Additionally, we highlight student experiences and perspectives participating in CHAI SIGs, along with recommendations for recruitment and inclusion of graduate students in aging research teams.
DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AND SUBJECTIVE COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN OLDER ADULTS WITH MULTIMORBIDITY
Authors: Mindlis Irina , Revenson Tracey 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Among older adults with multimorbidity (MM), depression has been associated with poorer cognitive function and vice versa; however, evidence for this temporal association is limited. Further, while the relationship between depression and cognitive function is commonly studied with dementia, less is known about the relation of depression to cognitive impairment (SCI) in older populations without dementia. We compared bidirectional models of the relationship between depressive symptoms and SCI among community-dwelling older adults with MM. Adults ≥ 62 years with MM (n = 107) recruited through a national health volunteer registry completed validated scales twice, six months apart, assessing chronic illnesses, SCI (PROMIS Cognitive Function Short Form 4a), and depressive symptoms (Geriatric Depression Scale 15). Regression analyses examined two models of depressive symptoms and SCI over time (comparing causal direction), adjusting for age, gender, and number of diseases. Participants were 63-87 years old and living with multiple illnesses (M = 4.2; range: 2-9); 21% reported moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms at the first time point significantly predicted SCI six months later after controlling for baseline SCI (β = -.335; p &lt; .001), such that greater depressive symptoms were associated with poorer SCI in adjusted six-month models. In comparison, SCI at baseline was not a significant predictor of depressive symptoms after controlling for initial depressive symptoms (β = -.057; p = .53) in adjusted models. Among older adults with MM, depressive symptoms may be a risk factor for future SCI or a prodromal symptom of cognitive impairment.
THE TELEPHONE INTERVIEW FOR COGNITIVE STATUS (TICS): LATENT STRUCTURE OF COGNITION IN DOD-ADNI VIETNAM WAR VETERANS
Authors: Tupler Larry , Akushevich Igor 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS) is a convenient, user-friendly neuropsychological tool developed to correlate with the MMSE and screen for dementia. Typically, thresholding supports diagnostic inferences despite the arbitrary assignment of individual item contributions to the score. Furthermore, although partially validated with World War II veterans, little subsequent psychometric work with aging military cohorts exists. We therefore deconstructed and analyzed the TICS dataset from the DoD-ADNI study recruitment for neuroimaging of Vietnam War veterans with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and/or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) compared with deployed controls (N=1,828; mean age 69.4±4.5 years). Both disorders constitute putative risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. SAS statistics revealed raw and standardized Cronbach’s alpha with and without inclusion of missing values in the mid .70 range of internal-consistency reliability, with a dispersion of 0.55%–99.29% items incorrect. Exploratory factor analysis applying the Oblimin rotation of van den Berg et al. (2012; MEDLINE UI: 22384819) yielded results similar to that study of healthy civilians analyzing TICS section totals assigned a priori (e.g., temporal orientation, list learning). However, neuropsychological component processes were more subtly differentiated with our enrichment of analyses with deconstructed individual items, e.g., a factor structure reflecting primary versus secondary memory and speech-language. We discuss the advantage of differentiating this proposed latent structure of the TICS in achieving more precisely characterized neuropsychological domains of cognitive impairment underlying specific neurodegenerative and trauma-related dementias. We later apply these results to the longitudinal examination of cognitive aging, TBI, and PTSD in this cohort.
FATIGABILITY, FITNESS, AND CHRONO-NUTRITION: RESULTS FROM THE STUDY OF MUSCLE, MOBILITY AND AGING (SOMMA)
Authors: Glynn Nancy , Kritchevsky Stephen , Schrack Jennifer 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA) is a new longitudinal cohort study conducted at the University of Pittsburgh and Wake Forest University School of Medicine, coordinated by the San Francisco Coordinating Center, with management of biological specimens by the Translational Research Institute at AdventHealth. SOMMA aims to provide the foundation for discoveries in the biology of human aging, mobility and other age-related phenotypes. SOMMA enrolled 879 older women and men; mean age 76.3±5.0 years (range 70-94); mean walking speed 1.04±0.20 m/s; 59.2% women, and 15.8% identify as other than Non-Hispanic White. Our symposium will introduce novel baseline SOMMA findings on key measures related to fatigability, fitness, and chrono-nutrition. First, Dr. Schumacher will share results on the association between perceived physical and mental fatigability and cognitive function. Next, to begin to decipher how skeletal muscle energetics impact aging phenotypes, Ms. Gay will examine the relation between skeletal muscle energetics (ATPmax and maximal complex I&II supported oxidative phosphorylation [maxOXPHOS]) and age-related physical fatigability. Our next two presentations will focus on cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak) measured by gold standard treadmill cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), which declines with age. Ms. Moffit will explore whether a usual-paced 400m walk can predict VO2peak, and Dr. Erickson will examine the association between CPET measured VO2peak and circadian functions derived from rest-activity-rhythms extracted from wrist-worn accelerometers. Lastly, Dr. Farsijani will explore chrono-nutrition behaviors and their association with muscle health (i.e., D3-creatine, leg power). Discussant, Dr. Jennifer Schrack will provide insight to SOMMA’s novel work.
ASSOCIATIONS OF PERCEIVED PHYSICAL AND MENTAL FATIGABILITY WITH COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE
Authors: Schumacher Benjamin , Rosano Caterina , Qiao Yujia (Susanna) , Rosso Andrea , Cawthon Peggy , Kritchevsky Stephen , Glynn Nancy 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Greater perceived fatigability has been associated with neurological diseases, but we do not know whether there are associations with cognition among at-risk older adults. At baseline, SOMMA participants completed the Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale (PFS) Physical and Mental subscales (each range 0–50; higher scores = greater fatigability; clinically meaningful increment=4-point physical, 3-point mental) and four cognitive function assessments [Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Trail Making Test Part B (TMT-B), and California Verbal Learning Test-Second Edition, Short Form (CVLT-II SF)]. Linear regression quantified associations between PFS subscales and cognitive assessment scores adjusting for site, age, sex, race, education, marital status, and history of stroke, cancer, heart failure, and lung disease. In the 873 participants (59.2% women; age 76.3+/-5.0 years; 85% White), 54% had greater physical fatigability (PFS Physical≥15) and 23% had greater mental fatigability (PFS Mental≥13). Prevalence of cognitive impairment was 2% moderate (MoCA 10-17) and 0% severe ( &lt;10). After adjustments, for each 4-point higher PFS Physical score participants had 0.8 fewer correct DSST items [Beta coefficient and 95% confidence interval: -0.8 (-1.2, -0.4); n=866] and 2.0 seconds slower TMT-B time [2.0 (0.1, 3.8); n=835]. Associations were similar for each 3-point higher PFS Mental score [DSST: -0.7 (-1.1, -0.4) and TMT-B time: 2.5 (1.0, 4.1)]. Neither PFS subscale was associated with MoCA or CVLT. Our results suggest that higher perceived physical and mental fatigability scores may both be indicative of cognitive impairment, particularly in processing speed.
CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS IS ASSOCIATED WITH CIRCADIAN BEHAVIORAL PARAMETERS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Erickson Melissa , Blackwell Terri , Mau Theresa , Farsijani Samaneh , Sparks Lauren , Glynn Nancy , Cummings Steven , Esser Karyn 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak) declines with age, and this may be due in part to weakened circadian functions. Rhythmic patterns of rest-activity behavior over 24h represents a novel feature of physical activity, indicative of circadian behavior. Whether VO2peak relates to rest-activity rhythms (RAR) is unknown. We determined cross-sectional associations between VO2peak and RAR in SOMMA (N=714, Age: ≥70 yrs). Activity data from wrist-worn accelerometry (ActiGraph GT9X) were collected in one-minute epochs, over 8, 24h periods. An extension to the traditional cosine model was used to map RAR to activity data, calculating these parameters: strength of the rhythm (amplitude); robustness of rhythm (pseudo-F statistic); and timing of peak activity (acrophase). RAR parameters were expressed as quartiles. Linear models examining associations of RAR and VO2peak were adjusted for potential confounders (age, race, height, comorbidities and lifestyle). Interactions of RAR predictors with sex were examined. Associations between VO2peak and rhythmic amplitude appears to differ by sex (p-interaction=0.07). Among men, VO2peak was positively associated with amplitude (adjusted mean Q1: 21.3 vs. Q4: 23.9, p-trend=0.005)-even after adjusting for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels (MVPA)-although associations were more modest and not significant in women. Those with higher VO2peak had an earlier acrophase (time of peak activity) (adjusted mean: Q1 &lt;1:30PM: 21.0 vs. Q4&gt;3:09PM 19.3, p-trend &lt;0.0001) and no sex interaction was observed. There were no associations between the robustness of RAR and VO2peak. Analyses reveal that better cardiorespiratory fitness relates to features of circadian behavior independent of MVPA, supporting emerging research that circadian-based interventions promote healthy aging.
SPIRITUAL NEEDS OF AGING: BRIDGING RESEARCH AND PRACTICE TO IMPROVE HEALTH OUTCOMES IN OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Britt Katherine , Federwitz Chad , Hamilton Jill 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Accumulating research reports that spiritual and religious practices are associated with better mental and physical health and support successful aging. Spiritual and religious practices often include the exploration of meaning and purpose in life, connectedness, inner peace, belonging, contentment, and near-end-of-life completion, all of which are tied back to health and health outcomes. However, these experiences and related positive outcomes may not always be meaningfully explored or considered. Social distancing and isolation studies have emphasized the importance of supporting the spiritual needs of older adults for connectedness and meaning. Less is known about how to support these spiritual needs in practice and how to provide spiritual care. This symposium will explore the current status of practices, research, and tools that address the spiritual needs of older adults, particularly in connection to health concerns and quality of life. A focus on current practices towards spiritual care for older adults and future implications regarding research and practice will also be considered. Recommendations for future gerontological inquiry into the importance of spiritual care and diverse approaches within gerontological practice will be highlighted and discussed. Dr. Zhao will describe the spiritual needs of persons living with dementia (PLWD). Dr. Epps will present the effectiveness of a culturally relevant and faith-based home toolbox for Black caregivers of PLWD. Dr. Lekhak will highlight the role of compassionate love in mediating the relationship between meditation practice and mental health. Dr. Britt will present religious attendance associations with better sleep quality in older adults to support cognitive function. This is a Religion, Spirituality and Aging Interest Group Sponsored Symposium.
FAITH-BASED HOME ACTIVITY TOOLBOX FOR BLACK FAMILIES AFFECTED BY DEMENTIA
Authors: Epps Fayron , Pierson Katie , Sainz Mayra , Gore Janelle 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore the effectiveness of a culturally relevant and faith-based home toolbox, Faith-HAT, for Black caregivers of people living with dementia (PLWD). Caregivers face high levels of stress, anxiety, caregiver burden, and depression, and engaging in religious activities often serves as a protective factor to promote better mental health. Despite the significant role of religiosity among caregivers, few resources exist for religious Black caregivers. A toolbox was developed to improve the physiological health of Black caregivers and provide caregivers and PLWD with meaningful activities to engage in. Participants were recruited from the Atlanta Metropolitan Area (n=16). Caregivers all cared for a family or friend experiencing moderate to severe dementia and had a history of participating in religious activities. Over 6 weeks, the caregiver and PWLD engaged in Faith-HAT, selecting different activities to complete three times a week. Journal entries were made a total of 12 times (at the beginning and end of each week), and caregivers met online with a research team member for weekly updates and baseline, midline, and end-line interviews. Preliminary results suggest engaging with the toolbox has reconnected the caregiver and PLWD, cultivated religious connectedness, and supported continuation of caregiving activities. This faith-based, family-oriented, person-centered approach is geared towards enhancing the quality of life for families affected by dementia and draws on powerful Christian principles from within the black community to achieve this goal.