bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INTRAINDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY ACROSS ADULTHOOD: DIVERSITY, VARIETY, AND ADHERENCE AS KEY INDICATORS OF DAILY LIFE
Authors: Koffer Rachel , Lee Soomi , Charles Susan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Alongside long-term change, lifespan theories highlight the importance of examining intraindividual variability (the fluctuations that occur in daily and momentary life) as an indicator of dynamic characteristics, like plasticity or rigidity. The present symposium demonstrates five unique characterizations and implications of variability in daily life across the adult lifespan. Paper 1 demonstrates that greater social activity variety is linked to lower mortality risk over 11 years, and this effect is stronger for older adults. Paper 2 finds that consistent adherence to health behaviors in daily life is linked to better cognitive function in midlife adults. Paper 3 finds that middle-aged adults experience greater diversity in types of positive events in daily life (positive event diversity) compared to older adults, and positive event diversity is associated with higher positive affect. Paper 4 establishes that positive affect with high mean levels and high variability (fragile high positive affect) is associated with greater odds of depression 10 years later. Lastly, Paper 5 demonstrates that although the spread of stressor types experienced in daily life (stressor diversity) declines with age across both cohorts, the types of stressors experienced in modern life differ from those experienced 18 years prior. Together, findings demonstrate how variability in daily life changes across age and has implications for health and well-being of older adults. Dr. Susan Charles will critically discuss these contributions to our understanding of aging in the context of Strength and Vulnerability Integration Theory and provide considerations for understanding the complexity of daily life across the lifespan.
THE GOOD OLD DAYS?: LATER-BORN COHORTS REPORT DIFFERENT STRESSORS IN DAILY LIFE COMPARED TO EARLIER-BORN COHORTS
Authors: Koffer Rachel 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In addition to the total amount of exposure to stressors in daily life, the types of stressors experienced (e.g., work stress, arguments), and the relative spread of the stressor types experienced (stressor diversity) is key to emotional and physical well-being across adulthood and aging. While daily stress processes and their links to health and well-being have been studied extensively, historical changes in daily stress processes have been largely unexplored. To examine secular trends in the types of daily stressors experienced across adulthood, we use data from two independent cohorts of the National Study of Daily Experiences surveyed 18 years apart (1995/1996 cohort: n = 1,499 adults aged 20 to 74 years; 2013/2014 cohort: n = 782 adults aged 25 to 75, stratified by age and gender to match the 1995-96 cohort). General linear models are used to test cohort differences in total stressor exposure, exposure to specific types of stressors, and stressor diversity, all controlling for age, income relative to cohort, education relative to cohort, gender, and chronic conditions. While the 2013/2014 cohort experience higher exposure to stressors in daily life than the 1995/1996 cohort, the cohorts experience the same stressor diversity, which decreases with older age. The specific stressor types experienced differ by cohort: adults in 2013/2014 report more arguments, avoided arguments, and work stressors, but less discrimination stressors and “other” stressors than in 1995/1996. These results highlight the sociohistorical embedding of daily stressor experiences. Sociodemographic differences and implications for future research and clinical practice are discussed.
REVISITING POSITIVE AFFECT: THE ROLE OF AFFECT MEAN LEVELS AND VARIABILITY ON DEPRESSION IN MID AND LATER LIFE
Authors: Lee Sun Ah , Mukherjee Dahlia , Almeida David 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Recent research suggests that affect dynamics (e.g., variability) combined with mean levels are important predictors of psychological and physical health outcomes. This study explores the joint effect of affect levels and variability on depression across 10 years among middle-aged and older adults. We used the data from the second and third waves of Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study. During telephone interviews, daily positive (PA) and negative affect (NA) were assessed across eight consecutive evenings. Daily affect mean levels were calculated by averaging daily affect across interview days, and daily affect variability was calculated as the individual’s standard deviation (iSD). Depression status was assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Short form at baseline and 10-year follow-up. The final analytic sample includes 1,499 adults aged 55 years old on average (age range = 34-83; 55.7% female; 93% white). Logistic regression analysis was performed to test the interaction effect of daily affect mean levels and variability on depression. We found a significant interaction effect between PA mean levels and variability on depression status at follow-up. For individuals with high PA levels, higher PA variability was associated with higher odds of developing depression, after adjusting for depression and anxiety disorder at baseline. For NA, we only found main effects where higher NA variability was associated with higher odds of depression at follow-up. Findings suggest fragile high PA (i.e., variable high PA) may be a significant predictor of depression, highlighting the need for understanding PA as multidimensional construct.
NINE-YEAR ASSOCIATION OF OPTIMISM AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING IN A COHORT OF AGING MEN
Authors: Marino Victoria , Kim Samsuk , Spiro Avron , Lee Lewina 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Higher levels of optimism have been linked to better physical and emotional health, and growing evidence suggests optimism may also protect against cognitive impairment and decline. However, our understanding of its prospective associations with cognitive functioning is limited. We examined 9-year associations of optimism with cognitive functioning among 793 men from the VA Normative Aging Study. Optimism was assessed via the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 in 1986 (baseline: AgeM = 60.1, SD=7.1). Cognitive functioning was measured at participants’ earliest cognitive testing occasion between 1993 and 1996. We considered both global cognition (MMSE) and three domains of cognitive functioning: executive function (verbal fluency via Animal Naming Test, working memory via WAIS-R Digit Span Backward), short-term memory (immediate and delayed CERAD Word List Recall), and visuospatial ability (CERAD and VMI spatial copying, NES-2 Pattern Comparison). Analyses used ordinary least squares regression adjusted for childhood socioeconomic status, and demographics and major diseases at baseline. Optimism was not associated with global cognition. However, higher optimism was associated with better verbal fluency (B=0.48, SE=0.19, 95% CI .11–.86, p=.01) and immediate word list recall (B=0.33, SE=0.15, 95% CI .04–.62, p=.02), and weakly associated with delayed word list recall (B=0.14, SE=0.07, 95% CI -.01–.28, p=.06). Optimism was not associated with visuospatial ability or working memory performance. Our findings suggest that optimism could be particularly important for verbally mediated aspects of executive functioning and memory in aging men. Optimism may be a valuable intervention target to promote healthy cognitive aging.
A MICRO CAREGIVING INITIATION: LATE-LIFE REMARRIAGE OF OLDER WIDOWED ARAB MUSLIM MEN IN ISRAEL
Authors: Koren Chaya , Morshed Hanan Ali 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
New caregiving solutions are increasingly in demand within families undergoing rapid modernization processes such as the Arab Muslim family in Israel. According to patriarchal collectivist values, caregiving for aging men is provided by women within the extended Arab Muslim family. Modernization within the Arab Muslim society has enabled women to acquire higher education and increased employment opportunities outside the household. Therefore, older Arab Muslim widowers in need for caregiving can depend less on their daughters or daughter’s in-law and as such seek other solutions. The aim of this presentation is to describe and examine the caregiving role of late life remarriage for older Arab Muslim widowers. Using a phenomenology framework, semi-structured qualitative interviews for understanding the experience of late life remarriage and its meaning were conducted with 14 Arab Muslim widowers who remarried between age 70 and 80, to never married middle-aged women. Findings describe and illustrate caregiving as a primary motivation for late life remarriage, reasons for caregiving as motivation to remarry and the wife’s role as located between caregiver and spouse. Conclusions discuss the meaning of late life remarriage as a micro caregiving solution, dealing with modernization processes alongside preserving patriarchal collectivist values and gender-based roles.
MEASURING AND IMPLEMENTING PERSON-CENTERED LONG-TERM CARE: GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Roberts Tonya , Zuniga Franziska , Lepore Michael 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Person-centered care (PCC) is internationally recognized as an essential strategy for achieving high quality care and quality of life for older adults who need long-term care (LTC). Despite international endorsement, our understanding of PCC is largely derived from research and practice in western countries. It is less clear whether PCC practices and benefits are generalizable on a global scale. PCC may vary structurally across healthcare contexts and cultures where values, experiences, and needs of older adults differ. Understanding how to culturally adapt or extend the concept, measurement, and implementation of PCC is needed to better inform care and improve outcomes for a diverse and international population of older adults. The purpose of this symposium is to present theory and research across healthcare settings and from countries across multiple continents to comparatively analyze the cultural implications of PCC concepts and discuss the implications for implementation, measurement, and research. The first presentation will contextualize the concept of PCC from an international perspective, summarizing and comparing what is known about PCC from existing literature. The second presentation will compare barriers and facilitators of PCC implementation during mealtimes in three European countries. The third will highlight variations in PCC definitions from qualitative research conducted with providers in middle- and low-income countries. The fourth presentation will report on the development and implementation of a system of PCC and LTC in Brazil. The final presentation will use secondary data to compare the measurement and LTC needs of family caregivers across the US and China. This is a Common Data Elements for International Research in Residential Long-term Care Interest Group Sponsored Symposium.
PERSON-CENTERED CARE: SETTING THE INTERNATIONAL SCENE FROM A CONCEPTUAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Roberts Tonya , Backman Annica 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Over 142 million older persons worldwide need assistance with meeting basic needs, often requiring some level of long-term support and services. Person-centered care (PCC) is internationally recognized as an essential strategy for achieving high quality care and quality of life for older adults who need long-term care. Rather than focusing only on disease management or preventing morbidity, PCC results in positive outcomes for older people and their caregivers by focusing care on the whole person in their unique environment and aligning care with what is holistically meaningful to older people. Although PCC has become the gold standard for care of older adults, its widespread implementation has led to theoretical, conceptual, and practical inconsistencies that make it challenging to compare or evaluate its application or effectiveness globally. This is particularly problematic given our understanding of PCC is largely derived from research and practice in western cultures. Despite positive outcomes, the wide spectrum of person-centered interventions introduces variation which has made global comparisons difficult and ability to identify needs for cultural adaptation largely absent. To be able to compare PCC internationally, and reflect on potential needs for cultural adaptation, more conceptual clarity of the concept of PCC, its measurement, and implementation is needed. The purpose of this presentation is to review the use, value, and implementation of PCC concepts in international literature and present possible future directions for extending PCC to be more culturally inclusive for a global older adult population.
RESIDENT EXPERIENCES OF PERSON-CENTRED CARE AT MEALTIMES IN LONG-TERM RESIDENTIAL CARE: A RAPID ETHNOGRAPHY
Authors: Davies Megan , Zuniga Franziska , Verbeek Hilde , Staudacher Sandra 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Poor nutrition is a common ongoing problem in long-term residential care, often resulting in reduced quality of life. Previous research has concluded that the content of the meal, dining environment, service style and general atmosphere all add to the mealtime experience, suggesting that person-centred mealtimes are optimal. However, knowledge about which elements of person-centred care can be achieved in a mealtime setting in a given context is currently lacking. As part of the TRANS-SENIOR research network, rapid ethnographies were conducted across multiple sites (including interviews, observations and informal conversations), in long-term residential care homes in the UK, Switzerland and the Netherlands between October 2020 and December 2021. During analysis and interpretation of data, different themes were developed where either successfully achieved or missed opportunities for person-centred moments were observed. We observed differences between the long-term care homes in as much as the setting could be considered, resident choice was implemented, residents were enabled, care was individualized in the communal setting and how much the person of the residents was known with their past and present. In the presentation we will discuss the possibility to provide person-centred care during mealtimes in view of differences between staff approaches, the overall environment (size of dining area, seating arrangements etc.), allocation of staff resources and country-specific rules and regulations. We see an interplay of factors in place for mealtimes to be moments of participatory choice, interaction, independence, and dignity.
RACIAL AND NATIVITY DIFFERENCES IN ADVERSITY PROFILES AMONG MIDDLE-AGED AND OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Guo Man , Wang Yi , Carter Kara 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Cumulative adversity theory explains how distribution of resources and stress accumulate over time, resulting in divergent later life outcomes. Focusing on the nexus of race and nativity, this study examined profiles of adversity (i.e., the overall typological patterns of adversity) and their mental health implications in four groups of middle-aged and older adults: native-born whites, native-born ethnic minorities, foreign-born whites, and foreign-born ethnic minorities. Data were from the 2018 psychosocial assessment of the HRS (N = 5,534). Latent class analysis (LCA) with multigroup analyses were employed to identify typological patterns of ten adversity indicators and to compare the latent structures and class prevalence across the race/nativity groups. Regressions were used to examine the associations between adversity profiles and three outcomes: depression, pessimism, and life satisfaction. adversity profiles emerged: low adversity (60.05%), low human capital (15.69%), socially marginalized (13.67%), and neighborhood adversity (10.59%). These adversity profiles were structurally the same for the four race/nativity groups, but the class prevalence varied across the groups. Overall, having low adversity profile was associated with the best mental health outcomes. However, the mental health implications of each adversity profile varied by outcomes and by race and/or nativity. Findings highlight the importance of examining heterogeneity in adversity and its mental health implications among disadvantaged populations and the need of developing tailored programs to address unique needs of different minority populations.
REPRODUCTIVE AGING
Authors: Suh Yousin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Reproductive aging is a major health, personal and societal issue, but ovarian aging has received limited scientific attention. Ovarian aging has been known to influence diverse health outcomes in women including lifespan, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndromes, neurodegenerative disorders and various types of cancer. Yet, the mechanisms behind this broad implication remain elusive. This session will explore recent insights into the molecular, cellular and genetic basis of ovarian aging and new intervention targets to maintain reproductive health and later health outcomes in our aging female population. Target audience: This inter-disciplinary session is designed to educate basic scientists, physician-scientists, clinicians, and a general interest audience of providers or industry representatives interested in understanding the mechanisms of ovarian aging and its sequalae.
OVARIAN AGING: A TARGET FOR GEROPROTECTION IN WOMEN
Authors: Suh Yousin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The ovary is the first organ to undergo early-onset aging in the human body, affecting both fertility and overall health in women. However, the biological mechanisms underlying human ovarian aging have been poorly understood. To understand the molecular, cellular, and genetic basis of ovarian aging in humans, we performed integrative single-nuclei multi-omics analyses of young and reproductively aged human ovaries. Our analysis reveals coordinated changes in the regulatory landscapes across all cell types in the ovary during aging, characterized by transcriptomic and chromatin accessibility signatures of the canonical “Hallmarks of Ageing”. By performing integrative analyses of our single-nuclei multi-omics data with genetic variants associated with age at natural menopause from genome-wide association studies (GWAS), we demonstrate a global impact of functional genetic variants on changes in gene regulatory networks across ovarian cell types. Our work provides a comprehensive multimodal landscape of human ovarian aging and mechanistic insights into inherited variation influencing the timing of menopause. Our results raise the hope that geroprotectors targeting the “Hallmarks of Aging” may be used to delay ovarian aging, thereby promoting reproductive health and extending healthspan and longevity in women.
PURPOSE IN LIFE ACROSS THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: THE EFFECTS OF COGNITIVE ABILITY, AGE, AND GENDER
Authors: Nelson Niccole , Bergeman Cindy 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In March of 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic. Almost immediately, 95% of the US population was under stay-at-home orders, resulting in widespread uncertainty about the future, low community engagement, and social isolation. These effects may have been detrimental to maintaining a sense of purpose in life across this period, which has been linked to several health and wellness factors, including cognitive ability. Although previous work has indicated that higher cognitive ability predicts a stronger sense of purpose in life, the relationship between cognitive ability and changes in purpose across this universal, chronic stressor is unknown. The present study, therefore, examined the effects of cognitive ability, age, and gender on trajectories of purpose in life across the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants included 206 individuals (Age Range=45-88, M=69.04, SD=9.29) who participated in a cognitive assessment before the pandemic, as well as the multi-wave Notre Dame Study of Health & Well-being-COVID Study (NDHWB-CS) from September 2020-February 2022. Two-level, multilevel modeling tested the effects of total, fluid, and crystalized cognitive abilities, as well as age and gender, on trajectories of purpose in life. Results indicated that greater total and fluid cognitive abilities were associated with higher initial levels of purpose in life. Furthermore, although crystalized, fluid, and total cognitive abilities were each associated with change in purpose across the pandemic, there were age and gender differences in these effects. Theoretical and practical implications regarding the relationship between cognitive ability and sense of purpose in the context of stress will be discussed.
PREPARING TO MEET THE NEEDS OF OLDER ADULTS: WORKFORCE, TRAINING, AND EDUCATION ISSUES
Authors: Caskie Grace 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Due to projected growth in the older adult population in the United States, those working in healthcare and education will encounter increasing numbers of older adults. This population shift presents challenges and opportunities for individuals working in these settings to be ready to meet the needs of older adults. In this symposium, we highlight research on several issues critical to preparing the workforce in healthcare and education for older adults’ specific needs. Poon’s paper addresses geriatric behavioral health workforce needs identified by a survey of licensed behavioral health providers. Several barriers to providing care to older adults are identified by these providers. Rodriguez et al. investigated the clinical practice experiences and challenges from ten years’ worth of alumni of the VA Geriatric Scholars program. This training program provides a model for improving clinical practice with older adults. Hollis-Sawyer examines older students’ first experiences taking a course in an online teaching setting and provides specific suggestions to maximize their learning environment. Patterson et al. present an extensive scoping review of end-of-life training for medical students that identified several themes that can direct efforts to improve end-of-life care for older adults. Finally, Caskie et al. address health biases and age biases in doctoral psychology trainees’ anticipated clinical work with depressed older adult clients of varying health statuses and provide guidance to psychology programs for improving training. This symposium aims to provide those working in healthcare and educational settings with ways to address workforce preparedness to meet the needs of older adults.