bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mixed mating patterns in morphologically diverse bumblebee-pollinated Salvia species from China
Authors: Xiao Han-Wen , Huang Yan-Bo , Liu Qing-Shan , Claßen-Bockhoff Regine , Tian Ru-Nan , Wei Yu-Kun 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Flowers of Salvia are characterized by a diversity of staminal lever types mediating pollen transfer. In the East Asian subgenus Glutinaria, species have been categorized based on their distinct flower and stamen morphologies. A hypothesized advantage of degraded-lever types suggests they may optimize pollinator foraging time, increase visitation rates, and potentially trigger autonomous self-pollination. However, this hypothesis remains untested. Here, Salvia castanea, S. miltiorrhiza, and S. liguliloba were selected as test species representing the three major flower and stamen types of the East Asian sages. We compared the species with regard to their inflorescence architecture, floral display, nectar reward, pollinator efficiency, and seed set. We found that S. liguliloba had a degraded-lever type that significantly reduced pollinator foraging time did not significantly increase pollination efficiency. These species have a mixed mating pattern with high seed set, no pollen- or pollinator limitation, and no inbreeding depression. We conclude that the diversity of floral traits is addressed to pollinators, whereas reproductive success emerges from a complex interplay of factors encompassing floral characteristics, pollination efficiency, plant life history, or/and other biotic and abiotic factors. For this reason, the link between floral morphological traits and mating systems should not overestimated.
Sleep tight! Adolescent sleep quality across three distinct sleep ecologies
Authors: Silva-Caballero Andrea , Ball Helen L , Kramer Karen L , Bentley Gillian R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background and objectives
Good sleep quality, associated with few arousals, no daytime sleepiness and self-satisfaction with one’s sleep, is pivotal for adolescent growth, maturation, cognition and overall health. This article aims to identify what ecological factors impact adolescent sleep quality across three distinct sleep ecologies representing a gradient of dense urbanity to small, rural environments with scarce artificial lighting and no Internet.

Methodology
We analyze variation of sleep efficiency, a quantitative measure of sleep quality—defined as the ratio of total time spent asleep to total time dedicated to sleep—in two agricultural indigenous populations and one post-industrial group in Mexico (Campeche = 44, Puebla = 51, Mexico City = 50, respectively). Data collection included actigraphy, sleep diaries, questionnaires, interviews and ethnographic observations. We fit linear models to examine sleep efficiency variation within and between groups.

Results
We found that sleep efficiency varied significantly across sites, being highest in Mexico City (88%) and lowest in Campeche (75%). We found that variation in sleep efficiency was significantly associated with nightly exposure to light and social sleep practices.

Conclusions and implications
Our findings point toward contextual cost-benefits of sleep disruption in adolescence. We highlight the need to prioritize research on adolescent sleep quality across distinct developmental ecologies and its impact on health to improve adolescent wellbeing through evidence-based health practices.
Financial Risk Aversion Among Older Black and White Adults
Authors: Han S Duke , Barnes Lisa L , Leurgans Sue , Yu Lei , Lamar Melissa , Glover Crystal M , Bennett David A , Boyle Patricia A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Risk aversion has a substantial impact on decision making and is associated with key demographic characteristics. However, few studies have investigated whether risk aversion varies by race.

Methods
We investigated racial differences in financial risk aversion in 684 older Black and White adults without dementia in the Minority Aging Research Study and Rush Memory and Aging Project matched for age, education, sex, and cognition using Mahalanobis distance. We also investigated whether select contextual factors (self-reported discrimination, socioeconomic status, and literacy) mediated or affective factors (trust, loneliness, and neuroticism) moderated any observed racial differences.

Results
In regression models adjusted for age, education, sex, and cognitive function, older Black adults were more risk averse than older White adults (Beta = 0.1264, standard error = 0.0227, p value ≤ .00001). None of the contextual or affective factors mediated or moderated this association.

Discussion
Older Black adults are more financially risk averse than older White adults. Because risk aversion may be associated with important financial and health outcomes in older age, more research is needed to investigate the reasons for this difference.
Constitutionalizing conflict: Beyond constituent power—Afterword to the Foreword by Sergio Verdugo
Authors: Bell Christine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This Afterword affirms Verdugo’s thesis that the concept of “constituent power” is not helpful to evaluating the legality or legitimacy of constitutional replacement moves, drawing on experience of how constitutional revisions are fashioned to attempt to end violent intrastate conflict. I sketch an alternative approach to that of constituent power reasoning for evaluating the legality and legitimacy of constitutional revisions. This approach involves determining whether the constitutional move seeks to replace the underlying political settlement or not, and if so how, including whether it does so in a way that makes the settlement more democratic and pluralist or less so—recognizing that commitments to democracy and pluralism also require to be reconciled.
Minimax estimation of distances on a surface and minimax manifold learning in the isometric-to-convex setting
Authors: Arias-Castro Ery , Alain Chau Phong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We start by considering the problem of estimating intrinsic distances on a smooth submanifold. We show that minimax optimality can be obtained via a reconstruction of the surface, and discuss the use of a particular mesh construction—the tangential Delaunay complex—for that purpose. We then turn to manifold learning and argue that a variant of Isomap where the distances are instead computed on a reconstructed surface is minimax optimal for the isometric variant of the problem.
Building a community-based taxonomic resource for digitization of parasites and their hosts
Authors: Sullivan Kathryn A , Tucker Erika M , Dowdy Nicolas J , Allen Julie M , Barve Vijay , Boone James H , Bush Sarah E , Evenhuis Neal L , Hastriter Michael , Light Jessica E , Mayfield-Meyer Teresa , OConnor Barry M , Poelen Jorrit H , Racz Gabor R , Seltmann Katja C , Zaspel Jennifer M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Classification of the biological diversity on Earth is foundational to all areas of research within the natural sciences. Reliable biological nomenclatural and taxonomic systems facilitate efficient access to information about organisms and their names over time. However, broadly sharing, accessing, delivering, and updating these resources remains a persistent problem. This barrier has been acknowledged by the biodiversity data sharing community, yet concrete efforts to standardize and continually update taxonomic names in a sustainable way remain limited. High diversity groups such as arthropods are especially challenging as available specimen data per number of species is substantially lower than vertebrate or plant groups. The Terrestrial Parasite Tracker Thematic Collections Network project developed a workflow for gathering expert-verified taxonomic names across all available sources, aligning those sources, and publishing a single resource that provides a model for future endeavors to standardize digital specimen identification data. The process involved gathering expert-verified nomenclature lists representing the full taxonomic scope of terrestrial arthropod parasites, documenting issues experienced, and finding potential solutions for reconciliation of taxonomic resources against large data publishers. Although discordance between our expert resources and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility are relatively low, the impact across all taxa affects thousands of names that correspond to hundreds of thousands of specimen records. Here, we demonstrate a mechanism for the delivery and continued maintenance of these taxonomic resources, while highlighting the current state of taxon name curation for biodiversity data sharing.
What Counts as Transitional Justice Scholarship? Citational Recognition and Disciplinary Hierarchies in Theory and Practice
Authors: Davidović Maja , Turner Catherine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Since its emergence as a field of scholarship and practice, transitional justice has coalesced around a set of mechanisms to deal with a legacy of violence. The “pull” toward mechanisms, institutions, and structures as a means of delivering justice has led to certain kinds of knowledge being recognized as “transitional justice research” in the mainstream. Drawing on the theory of epistemic positioning, we reveal how hierarchies of academic knowledge and the dominant “ways of knowing” in and of transitional justice are created. Through citation analysis, we reveal an emerging canon, a central body of valuable and seemingly “inevitable” knowledge of transitional justice consisting primarily of structure and outcome-oriented inquiries in the disciplines of politics, international relations, and law and consolidating a standardized model of how to “do” transitional justice. We argue that this canonization comes at the expenses of alternative approaches that challenge the core assumptions of the field. Inquiries that prioritize agency or process and reimagine what transitional justice could be remain bounded to their disciplines and subfields. We demonstrate how certain anxieties about the survival of the field result in policing of the boundaries of the field, creating hierarchies of “valuable” knowledge, and resisting the “decolonizing” impulse.
Evaluating the impact of alternative phenotype definitions on incidence rates across a global data network
Authors: Makadia Rupa , Shoaibi Azza , Rao Gowtham A , Ostropolets Anna , Rijnbeek Peter R , Voss Erica A , Duarte-Salles Talita , Ramírez-Anguita Juan Manuel , Mayer Miguel A , Maljković Filip , Denaxas Spiros , Nyberg Fredrik , Papez Vaclav , Sena Anthony G , Alshammari Thamir M , Lai Lana Y H , Haynes Kevin , Suchard Marc A , Hripcsak George , Ryan Patrick B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective
Developing accurate phenotype definitions is critical in obtaining reliable and reproducible background rates in safety research. This study aims to illustrate the differences in background incidence rates by comparing definitions for a given outcome.

Materials and Methods
We used 16 data sources to systematically generate and evaluate outcomes for 13 adverse events and their overall background rates. We examined the effect of different modifications (inpatient setting, standardization of code set, and code set changes) to the computable phenotype on background incidence rates.

Results
Rate ratios (RRs) of the incidence rates from each computable phenotype definition varied across outcomes, with inpatient restriction showing the highest variation from 1 to 11.93. Standardization of code set RRs ranges from 1 to 1.64, and code set changes range from 1 to 2.52.

Discussion
The modification that has the highest impact is requiring inpatient place of service, leading to at least a 2-fold higher incidence rate in the base definition. Standardization showed almost no change when using source code variations. The strength of the effect in the inpatient restriction is highly dependent on the outcome. Changing definitions from broad to narrow showed the most variability by age/gender/database across phenotypes and less than a 2-fold increase in rate compared to the base definition.

Conclusion
Characterization of outcomes across a network of databases yields insights into sensitivity and specificity trade-offs when definitions are altered. Outcomes should be thoroughly evaluated prior to use for background rates for their plausibility for use across a global network.
Urine and hair drug test results associated with daily consumption of codeine-predominant poppy seed food products
Authors: Reisfield Gary M , Teitelbaum Scott A , Jones Joseph T , Mathias Kent , Lewis Ben 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study examined the urine and hair opiate profiles associated with the daily consumption of presumptive codeine-predominant poppy seed food products. Ten participants consumed one of five food products at breakfast for 10 consecutive days. Baseline urine and hair samples were collected on Day 1. The urine samples were collected 4, 8 and 12 h following poppy seed consumption on Days 1 and 10, and the first morning void urine samples were collected on Days 2–10. A second hair specimen was collected on Day 20 ± 2. Urine drug test results: Three of the food products were associated with opiate-negative urine drug test results at all time points at a 300 ng/mL cut-off. Two of the food products were associated with opiate-positive drug test results at all non-baseline time points at a 300 ng/mL cut-off. Of these, all samples (n = 60) were codeine-positive, and 27 (45%) were morphine-positive. Codeine concentrations exceeded morphine concentrations in every sample and always by multiples. Thirty-nine of the 60 samples (65%) were codeine-positive at a 2,000 ng/mL cut-off, while none of these samples were morphine-positive at this cut-off. None of the 60 samples reached an opiate threshold of 15,000 ng/mL, although one participant produced a maximum codeine concentration of 13,161 ng/mL (13,854 ng/mg creatinine). There was no clear trend toward increasing urinary opiate concentrations over the course of the study. Hair drug test results: The hair samples of two participants produced quantifiable codeine (41 pg/mg and 51 pg/mg), but no sample reached a common reporting threshold of 200 pg/mg for codeine or morphine.
In-situ TEM study from the perspective of holders
Authors: Yaguchi Toshie , Gabriel Mia L San , Hashimoto Ayako , Howe Jane Y 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During the in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations, the diverse functionalities of different specimen holders play a crucial role. We hereby provide a comprehensive overview of the main types of holders, associated technologies and case studies pertaining to the widely employed heating and gas heating methods, from their initial developments to the latest advancement. In addition to the conventional approaches, we also discuss the emergence of holders that incorporate a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) chip for in situ observations. The MEMS technology offers a multitude of functions within a single chip, thereby enhancing the capabilities and versatility of the holders. MEMS chips have been utilized in environmental-cell designs, enabling customized fabrication of diverse shapes. This innovation has facilitated their application in conducting in situ observations within gas and liquid environments, particularly in the investigation of catalytic and battery reactions. We summarize recent noteworthy studies conducted using in situ liquid TEM. These studies highlight significant advancements and provide valuable insights into the utilization of MEMS chips in environmental-cells, as well as the expanding capabilities of in situ liquid TEM in various research domains.
The Scorpionfly (Panorpa cognata) Genome Highlights Conserved and Derived Features of the Peculiar Dipteran X Chromosome
Authors: Lasne Clementine , Elkrewi Marwan , Toups Melissa A , Layana Lorena , Macon Ariana , Vicoso Beatriz 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Many insects carry an ancient X chromosome—the Drosophila Muller element F—that likely predates their origin. Interestingly, the X has undergone turnover in multiple fly species (Diptera) after being conserved for more than 450 My. The long evolutionary distance between Diptera and other sequenced insect clades makes it difficult to infer what could have contributed to this sudden increase in rate of turnover. Here, we produce the first genome and transcriptome of a long overlooked sister-order to Diptera: Mecoptera. We compare the scorpionfly Panorpa cognata X-chromosome gene content, expression, and structure to that of several dipteran species as well as more distantly related insect orders (Orthoptera and Blattodea). We find high conservation of gene content between the mecopteran X and the dipteran Muller F element, as well as several shared biological features, such as the presence of dosage compensation and a low amount of genetic diversity, consistent with a low recombination rate. However, the 2 homologous X chromosomes differ strikingly in their size and number of genes they carry. Our results therefore support a common ancestry of the mecopteran and ancestral dipteran X chromosomes, and suggest that Muller element F shrank in size and gene content after the split of Diptera and Mecoptera, which may have contributed to its turnover in dipteran insects.
The role of minimally invasive surgery within a multidisciplinary approach for patients with metastatic spine disease over a decade: A systematic review
Authors: Schupper Alexander J , Patel Shrey , Steinberger Jeremy M , Germano Isabelle M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Metastatic spine disease (MSD) occurs commonly in cancer patients causing pain, spinal instability, devastating neurological compromise, and decreased quality of life. Oncological patients are often medically complex and frail, precluding them form invasive procedures. To address this issue, minimally invasive spinal surgery (MISS) techniques are desirable. The aim of this study is to review published peer-reviewed literature and ongoing clinical trials to provide current state of the art.

Methods
A systematic review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, assessing MISS in MSD patients for the period 2013–2023. Innovations under development were assessed by querying and reviewing data from currently enrolling U.S. registered clinical trials.

Results
From 3,696 articles, 50 studies on 3,196 patients focused on spinal oncology MISS. The most commonly reported techniques were vertebral augmentation (VA), percutaneous spinal instrumentation, and radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Surgical instrumentation/stabilization techniques were reported in 10/50 articles for a total of 410 patients. The majority of studies focused on pain as a primary outcome measure, with 28/50 studies reporting a significant improvement in pain following intervention. In the United States, 13 therapeutic trials are currently recruiting MSD patients. Their main focus includes radiosurgery, VA and/or RFA, and laser interstitial thermal therapy.

Conclusions
Due to their medical complexity and increased fragility, MSD patients may benefit from minimally invasive approaches. These strategies are effective at mitigating pain and preventing neurological deterioration, while providing other advantages including ease to start/resume systemic/radiotherapy treatment(s).
Photovoltaic fields largely outperform afforestation efficiency in global climate change mitigation strategies
Authors: Stern Rafael , Muller Jonathan D , Rotenberg Eyal , Amer Madi , Segev Lior , Yakir Dan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Suppression of carbon emissions through photovoltaic (PV) energy and carbon sequestration through afforestation provides complementary climate change mitigation (CCM) strategies. However, a quantification of the “break-even time” (BET) required to offset the warming impacts of the reduced surface reflectivity of incoming solar radiation (albedo effect) is needed, though seldom accounted for in CCM strategies. Here, we quantify the CCM potential of PV fields and afforestation, considering atmospheric carbon reductions, solar panel life cycle analysis (LCA), surface energy balance, and land area required across different climatic zones, with a focus on drylands, which offer the main remaining land area reserves for forestation aiming climate change mitigation (Rohatyn S, Yakir D, Rotenberg E, Carmel Y. Limited climate change mitigation potential through forestation of the vast dryland regions. 2022. Science 377:1436–1439). Results indicate a BET of PV fields of ∼2.5 years but &gt;50× longer for dryland afforestation, even though the latter is more efficient at surface heat dissipation and local surface cooling. Furthermore, PV is ∼100× more efficient in atmospheric carbon mitigation. While the relative efficiency of afforestation compared with PV fields significantly increases in more mesic climates, PV field BET is still ∼20× faster than in afforestation, and land area required greatly exceeds availability for tree planting in a sufficient scale. Although this analysis focusing purely on the climatic radiative forcing perspective quantified an unambiguous advantage for the PV strategy over afforestation, both approaches must be combined and complementary, depending on climate zone, since forests provide crucial ecosystem, climate regulation, and even social services.
Ten- vs. 14-day antibiotic therapy for culture-positive neonatal sepsis
Authors: Islam Kamirul , Khatun Nazima , Das Kuntalkanti , Paul Sudipto , Ghosh Taraknath , Nayek Kaustav 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Neonatal sepsis is a major determinant of neonatal mortality. There is a scarcity of evidence-based guidelines for the duration of antibiotics in culture-positive sepsis.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of 10- and 14-day antibiotic therapies in the management of culture-positive neonatal sepsis.

Methods
This randomized controlled trial was conducted in the neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary care center among the neonates suffering from culture-positive sepsis (with signs of clinical remission on day 9 of antibiotic) between January 2023 and May 2023. Newborns with major congenital anomaly, deep-seated infections, multi-organ dysfunction, associated fungal infections/infection by multiple organisms and severe birth asphyxia were excluded. Two hundred and thirty-four newborns were randomized into two groups—study (received 10 days of antibiotics) and control (received 14 days of antibiotics). Treatment failure, hospital stay and adverse effects were compared between the two groups. p &lt; 0.05 was taken as the limit of statistical significance.

Results
Median [interquartile range (IQR)] birth weight and gestational age of the study population (53.8% boys) were 2.424 kg (IQR: 2.183–2.695) and 37.3 weeks (IQR: 35.5–38.1), respectively. Acinetobacter was the most commonly isolated species (56, 23.9%). The baseline characteristics of both groups were almost similar. Treatment failure was similar in the study and control groups (3.8% vs. 1.7%, p = 0.40), with a shorter hospital stay [median (IQR): 14 (13–16) vs. 18 (17–19) days, p &lt; 0.001].

Conclusion
Ten-day antibiotic therapy was comparable with 14-day antibiotic therapy in efficacy, with a shorter duration of hospital stay and without any significant increase in adverse effects.