bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and Characterization of Tunneling Nanotubes for Intercellular Trafficking
Authors: Sáenz‐de‐Santa‐María Inés , Henderson J. Michael , Pepe Anna , Zurzolo Chiara 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are thin membranous channels providing a direct cytoplasmic connection between remote cells. They are commonly observed in different cell cultures and increasing evidence supports their role in intercellular communication, and pathogen and amyloid protein transfer. However, the study of TNTs presents several pitfalls (e.g., difficulty in preserving such delicate structures, possible confusion with other protrusions, structural and functional heterogeneity, etc.) and therefore requires thoroughly designed approaches. The methods described in this protocol represent a guideline for the characterization of TNTs (or TNT‐like structures) in cell culture. Specifically, optimized protocols to (1) identify TNTs and the cytoskeletal elements present inside them; (2) evaluate TNT frequency in cell culture; (3) unambiguously distinguish them from other cellular connections or protrusions; (4) monitor their formation in living cells; (5) characterize TNTs by a micropatterning approach; and (6) investigate TNT ultrastructure by cryo‐EM are provided. Finally, this article describes how to assess TNT‐mediated cell‐to‐cell transfer of cellular components, which is a fundamental criterion for identifying functional TNTs. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Identification of tunneling nanotubesAlternate Protocol 1: Identifying the cytoskeletal elements present in tunneling nanotubesAlternate Protocol 2: Distinguishing tunneling nanotubes from intercellular bridges formed during cell divisionBasic Protocol 2: Deciphering tunneling nanotube formation and lifetime by live fluorescent microscopyAlternate Protocol 3: Deciphering tunneling nanotube formation using a live‐compatible dyeBasic Protocol 3: Assessing tunneling nanotubes functionality in intercellular transferAlternate Protocol 4: Flow cytometry approach to quantify the rate of vesicle or mitochondria transferSupport Protocol: Controls to support TNT‐mediated transferBasic Protocol 4: Studies of tunneling nanotubes by cell micropatterningBasic Protocol 5: Characterization of the ultrastructure of tunneling nanotubes by cryo‐EM
Application of synthetic lipid droplets in metabolic diseases
Authors: Zhao Pengxiang , Zhao Zichen , Yu Ziwei , Chen Lupeng , Jin Yi , Wu Jian , Ren Zhuqing 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe study and synthesis of membrane organelles are becoming increasingly important, not only as simplified cellular models for corresponding molecular and metabolic studies but also for applications in synthetic biology of artificial cells and drug delivery vehicles. Lipid droplets (LDs) are central organelles in cellular lipid metabolism and are involved in almost all metabolic processes. Multiple studies have also demonstrated a high correlation between LDs and metabolic diseases. During these processes, LDs reveal a highly dynamic character, with their lipid fraction, protein composition and subcellular localisation constantly changing in response to metabolic demands. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these functions have not been fully understood due to the limitations of cell biology approaches. Fortunately, developments in synthetic biology have provided a huge breakthrough for metabolism research, and methods for in vitro synthesis of LDs have been successfully established, with great advances in protein binding, lipid function, membrane dynamics and enzymatic reactions.Aims and methodsIn this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the assembly and function of endogenous LDs, from the generation of lipid molecules to how they are assembled into LDs in the endoplasmic reticulum. In particular, we highlight two major classes of synthetic LD models for fabrication techniques and their recent advances in biology and explore their roles and challenges in achieving real applications of artificial LDs in the future.
Occipital atrophy signature in prodromal Lewy bodies disease
Authors: Galli Alice , Pilotto Andrea , Chiarini Benedetta , Giunta Marcello , Corbo Daniele , Tirloni Clara , Ferreira Daniel , Premi Enrico , Lupini Alessandro , Zatti Cinzia , Bonanni Laura , Tiraboschi Pietro , Gasparotti Roberto , Padovani Alessandro 
Published: November 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONDementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is typically characterized by parietal, temporal, and occipital atrophy, but less is known about the newly defined prodromal phases. The objective of this study was to evaluate structural brain alterations in prodromal DLB (p‐DLB) as compared to healthy controls (HC) and full‐blown dementia (DLB‐DEM).METHODSThe study included 42 DLB patients (n = 20 p‐DLB; n = 22 DLB‐DEM) and 27 HC with a standardized neurological assessment and 3‐tesla magnetic resonance imaging. Voxel‐wise analyses on gray‐matter and cortical thickness were implemented to evaluate differences between p‐DLB, DLB‐DEM, and HC.RESULTSp‐DLB and DLB‐DEM exhibited reduced occipital and posterior parieto‐temporal volume and thickness, extending from prodromal to dementia stages. Occipital atrophy was more sensitive than insular atrophy in differentiating p‐DLB and HC. Occipital atrophy correlated to frontotemporal structural damage increasing from p‐DLB to DLB‐DEM.DISCUSSIONOccipital and posterior‐temporal structural alterations are an early signature of the DLB continuum and correlate with a long‐distance pattern of atrophy.
Apathy as a determinant of health behaviors in older adults: Implications for dementia risk reduction
Authors: Harrison Fleur , Mortby Moyra E. , Mather Karen A. , Sachdev Perminder S. , Brodaty Henry 
Published: November 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONLong‐term improvements in physical inactivity and other behavioral risk factors are integral to dementia risk reduction; however, sustained behavior change is challenging. Apathy, depression, and fatigue may impact engagement in health behaviors, but their presentation overlaps. This study investigates whether these symptoms are differentially associated with multiple health behaviors.METHODSIn 1037 community‐dwelling older adults without dementia (aged 70–90, 55% women), regression analyses examined apathy, depression, and fatigue as predictors of health behaviors (physical activity, diet, alcohol, smoking) and a behavioral risk index.RESULTSApathy was associated with reduced physical activity and alcohol use, and one or multiple behavioral risk factors. No or inconsistent relations were found between depression or fatigue and health behaviors.DISCUSSIONApathy is relevant to multiple health behaviors and should be considered when designing health promotion for older adults, including interventions for dementia risk reduction. Findings highlight the importance of distinguishing apathy from comorbid symptoms.Highlights
Novel theory‐based perspective on behavioural risk factors for dementia.
Higher apathy predicted less physical activity and alcohol use, and increased odds of lifestyle risk factors.
Depressive symptoms were not associated with any health behavior.
Apathy may be a determinant of multiple health behaviors in older adults, distinct from depression and fatigue.
Considering apathy in precision prevention of dementia appears warranted.
Task shifting eating disorders prevention: A pilot study of selective interventions adapted for teacher‐led universal delivery in secondary schools
Authors: Atkinson Melissa J. , Parnell Jade , Diedrichs Phillippa C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveIncreasing effectiveness and sustainability of universal school‐based eating disorder prevention is needed. This study adapted two existing selective prevention programmes for universal delivery, investigating feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects when delivered by trained teachers to classes of mixed‐gender adolescents.MethodA three‐arm controlled pilot study with Year 9 students (N = 288; Mage = 13.61 SDage = .50). Three schools in south Wales and south‐west England were allocated to mindfulness‐based intervention (MBI), dissonance‐based intervention (DBI), or classes‐as‐usual (CAU) control. Self‐reported eating disorder risk factors were collected at baseline, 6‐week post‐intervention, and 2‐month follow‐up. Focus groups were conducted post‐intervention.ResultsDelivery and evaluation were feasible, allowing for flexibility in scheduling, with good retention. Student and teacher ratings indicated moderate acceptability of both interventions, with recommendations for refinement. Mixed model analyses, controlling for baseline, showed significant effects of condition across post‐intervention and follow‐up for body esteem (DBI > CAU; Cohen's d = .34) and positive affect (MBI > CAU, d = .58). For girls only, both MBI and DBI improved body satisfaction and internalization, and the MBI additionally resulted in improved weight and shape concerns, negative affect, and life disengagement (d's = .39–1.12), across post‐intervention and follow‐up.DiscussionSelective eating disorder prevention programmes based on cognitive dissonance and mindfulness can be delivered universally in schools, by teachers, allowing for appropriate flexibility necessary for real world implementation. Moderate acceptability indicates areas for improving content and delivery; positive effects on key outcomes are encouraging. These findings provide support for further robust evaluation.Public SignificanceExisting universal eating disorder prevention is limited by small effects and reliance on highly trained facilitators. This study is the first to adapt mindfulness‐ and dissonance‐based interventions for delivery by teachers, to adolescents of all genders in a classroom setting. Delivery was largely feasible and acceptable, and both interventions showed significant effects across key risk factors for eating disorders, with larger effect sizes than found previously. This underpins further robust evaluation.
MarINvaders: A web toolkit of marine species for use in environmental assessments
Authors: Verones Francesca , Gjedde Philip , Koslowski Maximilian , Woods John S. , Lonka Radek , Stadler Konstantin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractInvasive species are the second most important reason for species extinction since 1500 ad. In addition, these invasive species can cause vast economic loss. In marine ecoregions, alien species introductions are increasing, and those that become invasive have caused profound changes in many marine ecoregions. We compiled a database consisting of information about where species are alien, where they are not, and which species are listed as threatened by invasive species. In addition, we developed an interactive Webapp for visualizing and analyzing the results. We used the Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS) for identifying the presence of a species in a marine ecoregion. Information from the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), the Global Invasive Species Database (GISD), and the Nature Conservancy database on marine invasive species (NatCon) was used to identify the names and locations of marine alien species. Information from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List revealed which species are considered to be threatened by invasive species. Our database lists 112,399 marine species, of which 966 are alien species and 1655 are listed as threatened by invasive species by the IUCN. These are distributed throughout 225 marine ecoregions (97% of marine ecoregions). Our results confirm previous studies about the prevalence of alien and invasive species and provide an up‐to‐date status about known and recorded species and their distribution. This information can be used as a fundament for developing impact assessment models and identifying management strategies to combat marine invasive species.
Effect of CNT filler and temperature on fracture toughness of epoxy composites reinforced with carbon fabric
Authors: Kiran M. D. , Govindaraju H K , Kumar Nithin , Nagaral Madeva , Khankal Dhananjay Vasant , Pandhare Amar Pradeep , Babu E. R. , Anjinappa Chandrashekar , Razak Abdul , Wodajo Anteneh Wogasso 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn present research the fracture behavior of carbon fabric‐epoxy composites (CE composites) was evaluated with the addition of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, and 0.75 weight percentages of carbon nano tubes (CNTs) at different temperatures. The CE composites with different wt.% of CNT were fabricated using land layup method and cured by hot pressing. The fracture toughness of fabricated composites was evaluated in mode–I condition at different temperature. From the results it was shown that the highest fracture toughness was observed at 0.75 wt.% of reinforcement of CNT functional fillers. The fracture toughness of 0.75 wt.% CNT filled CE composites was increased by 19.73% compared to unfilled CE composites. The fracture toughness of CNT filled CE composites diminishes with increase in temperature and the composite filled with 0.75 wt.% CNT exhibits better fracture toughness than the unfilled CE composite at all the temperatures. The fracture toughness was improved by 57.76% and 71.65% at 40 and 60°C, respectively, at 0.75 wt.% reinforcement of CNT fillers. The fractured surfaces of composites were analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to study the filler contribution to enhance the fracture toughness and failure mechanism of composites.
Redesigning elastic full‐waveform inversion on the new Sunway architecture
Authors: Hua Mengyuan , Wan Wubing , Sun Zhaoqi , Yin Zekun , Xiong Puyu , Liu Xiaohui , Tian Haodong , Gao Ping , Liu Weiguo , Wang Hua , Zhao Wenlai , Huang Zhenchun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIFOS3D is a three‐dimensional elastic full‐waveform inversion (EFWI) tool designed for high‐resolution estimation of the Earth's material properties within 3D subsurface structures. However, due to the significant computational costs associated with 3D EFWI, leveraging the computing power of a supercomputer for implementation is a logical choice. In this article, we introduce several innovative process‐level and thread‐level optimizations based on heterogeneous many‐core architectures in the new Sunway supercomputer, which is a powerful system globally. These optimizations encompass a process‐level communication overlapping strategy, thread‐level data partitioning and layout approaches, a remote memory access optimized master‐slave communication scheme, and a thread‐level data reuse and overlapping strategy. Through these optimizations, we achieve significant improvements in each iteration, with a kernel function speedup of approximately 59 and an overall program speedup of about 14. Our findings demonstrate the ability of our proposed optimization strategies to overcome the computational challenges associated with 3D EFWI, providing a promising framework for future advancements in the field of subsurface imaging.
Characterising use of recovery record among a large, transdiagnostic sample of adults with eating disorders across higher levels of care
Authors: Reilly Erin E. , Gorrell Sasha , Johnson Craig , Duffy Alan , Blalock Dan V. , Mehler Philip , Johnson Madelyn , Le Grange Daniel , Rienecke Renee D. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveSmartphone applications (i.e., apps) designed to target mental health symptoms have received increasing public and empirical attention, including in eating disorder|eating disorders (EDs) treatment. While some data have begun to characterise app users in non‐controlled settings, there is limited information on use of apps in higher levels of care (e.g., partial hospitalisation or residential treatment programs) for EDs.MethodThis study aimed to explore metrics of use while in treatment for a commonly used ED‐focused mobile app (Recovery Record) among individuals enroled in intensive outpatient, partial hospitalisation, residential, or inpatient treatments (N = 2042).ResultsResults indicated that older individuals and participants with binge eating disorder demonstrated more frequent app engagement compared to younger participants and other ED diagnoses, respectively. Individuals entering at intensive outpatient and partial hospitalisation levels of care, as well as those with routine discharges engaged more frequently with RR compared to individuals entering in inpatient or residential treatment, and those with non‐routine discharges.ConclusionsOur data provide initial descriptions of how RR may be used within higher levels of care for adults with EDs. Further work is needed to establish the benefit of these apps in clinical settings for EDs over and above standard treatment, better characterise for whom these apps provide benefit, and identify how best to tailor the experience to promote engagement across the full spectrum of ED patients.
Targeted protein delivery based on stimuli‐triggered nanomedicine
Authors: Liu Jinzhao , Zhou Yang , Lyu Qingyang , Yao Xiaotong , Wang Weiping 
Published: November 2023

AbstractProtein‐based drugs have shown unique advantages to treat various diseases in recent years. However, most protein therapeutics in clinical use are limited to extracellular targets with low delivery efficiency. To realize targeted protein delivery, a series of stimuli‐triggered nanoparticle formulations have been developed to improve delivery efficiency and reduce off‐target release. These smart nanoparticles are designed to release cargo proteins in response to either internal or external stimuli at pathological tissues. In this way, varieties of protein‐based drugs including antibodies, enzymes, and pro‐apoptotic proteins can be effectively delivered to desired sites for the treatment of cancer, inflammation, metabolic diseases, and so on with minimal side effects. In this review, recent advances in the design of stimuli‐triggered nanomedicine for targeted protein delivery in different biomedical applications will be discussed. A deeper understanding of these emerging strategies helps develop more efficient protein delivery systems for clinical use in the future.
The dissolution, reassembly and further clearance of amyloid‐β fibrils by tailor‐designed dissociable nanosystem for Alzheimer's disease therapy
Authors: Feng Qianhua , Zhang Xueli , Zhang Nan , Gu Huan , Wang Ning , Chen Jing , Yuan Xiaomin , Wang Lei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe fibrillation of amyloid‐β (Aβ) is the critical causal factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD), the dissolution and clearance of which are promising for AD therapy. Although many Aβ inhibitors are developed, their low Aβ‐binding affinity results in unsatisfactory effect. To solve this challenge, the Aβ sequence‐matching strategy is proposed to tail‐design dissociable nanosystem (B6‐PNi NPs). Herein, B6‐PNi NPs aim to improve Aβ‐binding affinity for effective dissolution of amyloid fibrils, as well as to interfere with the in vivo fate of amyloid for Aβ clearance. Results show that B6‐PNi NPs decompose into small nanostructures and expose Aβ‐binding sites in response to AD microenvironment, and then capture Aβ via multiple interactions, including covalent linkage formed by nucleophilic substitution reaction. Such high Aβ‐binding affinity disassembles Aβ fibrils into Aβ monomers, and induces the reassembly of Aβ&nanostructure composite, thereby promoting microglial Aβ phogocytosis/clearance via Aβ receptor‐mediated endocytosis. After B6‐PNi NPs treatment, the Aβ burden, neuroinflammation and cognitive impairments are relieved in AD transgenic mice. This work provides the Aβ sequence‐matching strategy for Aβ inhibitor design in AD treatment, showing meaningful insight in biomedicine.
Viscoelastic blood coagulation testing system enabled by a non‐contact triboelectric angle sensor
Authors: Wang Baocheng , Wei Xuelian , Zhou Hanlin , Cao Xiaole , Zhang Enyang , Wang Zhong Lin , Wu Zhiyi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThromboelastography (TEG) remains a convenient and effective viscoelastic blood coagulation testing device for guiding blood component transfusion and assessing the risk of thrombosis. Here, a TEG enabled by a non‐contact triboelectric angle sensor (NTAS) with a small size (∼7 cm3) is developed for assessing the blood coagulation system. With the assistance of a superelastic torsion wire structure, the NTAS‐TEG realizes the detection of blood viscoelasticity. Benefiting from a grating and convex design, the NTAS holds a collection of compelling features, including accurate detection of rotation angles from −2.5° to 2.5°, high linearity (R2 = 0.999), and a resolution of 0.01°. Besides, the NTAS exhibits merits of low cost and simplified fabrication. Based on the NTAS‐TEG, a viscoelastic blood coagulation detection and analysis system is successfully constructed, which can provide a graph and parameters associated with clot initiation, formation, and stability for clinicians by using 0.36 mL of whole blood. The system not only validates the feasibility of the triboelectric coagulation testing sensor, but also further expands the application of triboelectric sensors in healthcare.
Deep‐learning enabled smart insole system aiming for multifunctional foot‐healthcare applications
Authors: Tian Yu , Zhang Lei , Zhang Chi , Bao Bo , Li Qingtong , Wang Longfei , Song Zhenqiang , Li Dachao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractReal‐time foot pressure monitoring using wearable smart systems, with comprehensive foot health monitoring and analysis, can enhance quality of life and prevent foot‐related diseases. However, traditional smart insole solutions that rely on basic data analysis methods of manual feature extraction are limited to real‐time plantar pressure mapping and gait analysis, failing to meet the diverse needs of users for comprehensive foot healthcare. To address this, we propose a deep learning‐enabled smart insole system comprising a plantar pressure sensing insole, portable circuit board, deep learning and data analysis blocks, and software interface. The capacitive sensing insole can map both static and dynamic plantar pressure with a wide range over 500 kPa and excellent sensitivity. Statistical tools are used to analyze long‐term foot pressure usage data, providing indicators for early prevention of foot diseases and key data labels for deep learning algorithms to uncover insights into the relationship between plantar pressure patterns and foot issues. Additionally, a segmentation method assisted deep learning model is implemented for exercise‐fatigue recognition as a proof of concept, achieving a high classification accuracy of 95%. The system also demonstrates various foot healthcare applications, including daily activity statistics, exercise injury avoidance, and diabetic foot ulcer prevention.
The place and limits of futures analysis: Strategy under uncertainty 25 years on
Authors: Gordon Adam Vigdor 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper revisits a 1997 Harvard Business Review article, “Strategy Under Uncertainty,” 25 years after publication, to selectively and critically extract its insights for the current era in futures and foresight work. It relates the original article to ongoing purpose and methodological issues in the futures field and outlines the ways its concepts remain pertinent in academic futures understanding and organizational futures practice.