bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Involvement of PI3′‐K, mitogen‐activated protein kinase and protein kinase B in the up‐regulation of the expression of nNOSα and nNOSβ splicing variants induced by PRL‐receptor activation in GH3 cells
Authors: Secondo Agnese , Sirabella Rossana , Formisano Luigi , Alessio Angela D' , Castaldo Pasqualina , Amoroso Salvatore , Ingleton Patricia , Di Renzo Gianfranco , Annunziato Lucio 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIt is well known that GH‐PRL secreting GH3 cells express constitutive neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and produce nitric oxide (NO•). In addition, these cells possess plasma membrane prolactin (PRL) receptors which can be responsible for an autocrine ‘short‐loop’ feedback. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the activation of PRL receptors modulates the expression of the different spliced forms of nNOS gene, and the transductional mechanisms involved in this action. In GH3 cells, both exon 2‐containing nNOSα and exon 2‐lacking nNOSβ were time‐dependently expressed, whereas the other two isoforms eNOS and iNOS were not. The antibodies directed against the residues 53–68 of the external domain common to both the long and short form of rat PRL receptors, and the selective D2 agonist cabergoline (1 nm) reduced both basal and exogenous PRL‐induced expressions of nNOSα and nNOSβ, but to a greater extent for the β splicing form. In line with these results, oPRL (1 and 10 μm) added to the incubation medium increased to a greater extent the expression of nNOSβ form than of the nNOSα. The receptor and non‐receptor protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitors, genistein (10 μm), the Src‐specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor PP2 (100 μm), the MAPK inhibitor PD 098059 (50 nm) and the two PI3′‐K inhibitors, wortmannin (300 nm) and LY‐294002 (25 μm) prevented both basal and exogenous PRL‐induced expression of nNOSα and nNOSβ isoforms. In addition, exogenous PRL induced a phosphorylation of protein kinase B (PKB) (Akt) that was prevented both by the two MAPK inhibitors PD 098059 and U 0126, and by the PI3′‐K inhibitors wortmannin and LY‐294002. Up‐regulation of the expression of the two splicing forms of nNOS elicited by PRL‐receptor activation was mirrored by the increased synthesis of NO•. In conclusion, PRL receptor activation up‐regulated the expression of both nNOSα and nNOSβ proteins via a PTK, PI3′‐K, MAPK and PKB signalling transduction components. This action may represent the molecular mechanism by which PRL exerts the ‘short‐loop’ feedback on its own secretion.
Mitochondrial oxidation of 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal in rat cerebral cortex
Authors: Murphy Tonya C. , Amarnath Venkataraman , Picklo Sr Matthew J. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract4‐Hydroxy‐trans‐2‐nonenal (HNE) is a neurotoxic product of lipid peroxidation whose levels are elevated in multiple neurodegenerative diseases and CNS trauma. The detoxification of HNE may take the route of glutathione conjugation to the C3 carbon and the oxidation or reduction of the C1 aldehyde. In this work, we examined whether the oxidation of HNE to its corresponding carboxylic acid, 4‐hydroxy‐trans‐2‐nonenoate (HNEAcid) was detoxifying event, if it occurred in rat cerebral cortex, and in which subcellular compartments. Our results show that HNEAcid did not form protein adducts and was non‐toxic to Neuro 2A cells. HNEAcid formation occurred in rat cerebral cortex slices following exposure to HNE in a time‐dependent and dose‐dependent fashion. Homogenate studies indicated that HNEAcid formation was NAD+ dependent. Subcellular fractionation demonstrated that mitochondria had the highest specific activity for HNEAcid formation with a KM of 21 µm HNE. These data indicate that oxidation of HNE to its corresponding acid is a major detoxification pathway of HNE in the CNS and that mitochondria play a role in this process.
Thrombin induces in vivo degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurones along with the activation of microglia
Authors: Carreño‐Müller Eloisa , Herrera Antonio J. , De Pablos Rocio M. , Tomás‐Camardiel Mayka , Venero José L. , Cano Josefina , Machado Alberto 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSeven days after the injection of different concentrations of thrombin into the nigrostriatal pathway, a strong macrophage/microglial reaction was observed in the substantia nigra (SN), indicated by immunostaining, using OX‐42 and OX‐6 antibodies, and by the induction of iNOS, IL‐1α, Il‐1β and TNF‐α. Moreover, selective damage to dopaminergic neurones was produced after thrombin injection, evidenced by loss of tyrosine hydroxylase immunostaining and tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA‐expressing cell bodies, and the unaltered transcription of glutamic acid decarboxylase mRNA in the SN and striatum. These thrombin effects could be produced by its ability to induce the activation of microglia described in in vitro studies, and are in agreement with the effects described for other proinflammatory compounds. Thrombin effects are produced by its biological activity since they almost disappeared when thrombin was heat‐inactivated or injected along with its inhibitor α‐NAPAP. Thrombin is a multi‐functional serine protease rapidly produced from prothrombin at the sites of tissue injury, and also upon breakdown of the blood–brain barrier, which strongly suggests it could easily enter into the CNS. These results could have special importance in some degenerative processes of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system.
The role of the Ca2+‐sensitive tyrosine kinase Pyk2 and Src in thrombin signalling in rat astrocytes
Authors: Wang Hong , Reiser Georg 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe have recently demonstrated that multiple signalling pathways are involved in thrombin‐induced proliferation in rat astrocytes. Thrombin acts by protease‐activated receptor‐1 (PAR‐1) via mitogen‐activated protein kinase activity. Signalling includes both Gi/(βγ subunits)–phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase and a Gq‐phospholipase C/Ca2+/protein kinase C (PKC) pathway. In the present study, we investigated the possible protein tyrosine kinases which might be involved in thrombin signalling cascades. We found that, in astrocytes, thrombin can evoke phosphorylation of proline‐rich tyrosine kinase (Pyk2) via PAR‐1. This process is dependent on the increase in intracellular Ca2+ and PKC activity. Moreover, in response to thrombin stimulation Pyk2 formed a complex with Src tyrosine kinase and adapter protein growth factor receptor‐bound protein 2 (Grb2), which could be coprecipitated. Furthermore, both thrombin‐induced Pyk2 phosphorylation and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 phosphorylation can be attenuated by Src kinase inhibitor 4‐amino‐5‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐7‐(t‐butyl)pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidine. From these data we conclude that PAR‐1 uses Ca2+‐ and PKC‐dependent Pyk2 to activate Src, thereby leading to ERK1/2 activation, which predominantly recruits Grb2 in rat astrocytes.
Congruence between health professionals’ and patients’ pain ratings: a review of the literature
Authors: Solomon Patricia 
Published: March 2003

Congruence between health professionals’ and patients’ pain ratings: a review of the literature The literature suggests that health professionals have a tendency to underestimate pain when performing clinical assessments. In addition, it appears that the more clinical experience one has, the greater will be the underestimation of pain. Pain assessment is difficult because of the complex interaction between environment, patient and practitioner variables. Although there is a need for further research in this area, there are clinical implications worthy of consideration. Health professionals need to use a variety of valid and reliable measures, use measures of pain behaviour and disability to complement self‐report measures and examine how their own biases and values may influence pain judgements.
Does physical exercise in addition to a multicomponent smoking cessation program increase abstinence rate and suppress weight gain? An intervention study
Authors: Jonsdottir Dagmar , Jonsdottir Helga 
Published: March 2003

Does physical exercise in addition to a multicomponent smoking cessation program increase abstinence rate and suppress weight gain? An intervention study Tobacco use is considered the single most preventable cause of premature morbidity and mortality. Smoking cessation programs aim at two interrelated purposes, to help people to give up smoking and to prevent relapse. A multicomponent intervention consisting of nicotine replacement therapy, health education, behaviour modification therapy and counselling is widely recommended in the health care literature. Smoking cessation studies from a nursing perspective are few. The purpose of this quasi‐experimental study was to compare outcomes of two nurse‐managed 1‐year group smoking cessation interventions. Intervention 1 (n=34) was provided at a health care centre and consisted of nicotine replacement therapy, health education, behavioural modification and individual and group counselling. In intervention 2 (n=33), provided in a health club, physical exercise was added to the intervention provided in 1. Participants were self‐referred with equal numbers in both interventions. A nonsignificant difference in lapse free abstinence time (LFAT) at 1 year was demonstrated between intervention 1 (20.6%, n=7) and intervention 2 (39.4%, n=13) (p=0.16, odds ratio=2.5). The difference in weight gain between intervention groups was also nonsignificant. Within intervention comparison between abstinent participants and smokers showed that abstinent participants had gained significantly more weight than smokers in intervention 2 (p=0.001), but in intervention 1 the difference was nonsignificant (p=0.2). The small sample size in the study detracts from the significance of the findings. However, a trend is observed showing that physical exercise increases the abstinence rate of participants. The conclusion is drawn that a multicomponent smoking cessation program that includes physical exercise might be an effective intervention, but further studies with a larger sample size are needed.
Disabled children's perceptions of technical aids, assistance and peers in play situations
Authors: Skär Lisa 
Published: March 2003

Disabled children's perceptions of technical aids, assistance and peers in play situations The purpose of the study was to gain a deeper understanding of how children with disabilities perceive their technical aids in play situations. Transcribed interviews with eight children with disabilities were analysed according to the constant comparative method of grounded theory described by Glaser & Strauss. Three categories were found in the data, forming a model describing the child's relations in play situations (core category): to technical aids, to assistance and to the play environment. Two of the categories included relations to adults. The children's opportunities to play required that a parent or an assistant be present. Access to the playground also required the assistance of adults. The third category, relation to technical aids, is an individual one, as the technical aids were perceived differently by all the children. The technical aids were also seen as an extension of the child. The implications for parents and service providers are discussed.
The meaning and form of occupational therapy as experienced by women with psychoses
Authors: Ivarsson Ann‐Britt , Söderback Ingrid , Ternestedt Britt‐Marie 
Published: March 2003

The meaning and form of occupational therapy as experienced by women with psychoses: a phenomenological study The aim of this study was to illuminate the experiences of occupational therapy interventions in individuals with psychoses. Repeated tape‐recorded narrative interviews were conducted with six women participating in occupational therapy immediately after an intervention. The subsequent analyses followed a phenomenological approach. Key constituents integrated in two structures, are the main findings. The meaning of occupational therapy as expressed in the key constituents relief, self‐knowledge, belief in the future, capability, resistance and satisfaction formed one structure. The form of occupational therapy as expressed in the key constituents time, environment, guidance, voluntariness and collaboration represented the other structure. These findings confirm and give empirical support to beliefs and assumptions expressed in occupational therapy literature. The results form a conceptual base for developing an evaluative assessment instrument for individuals with psychoses participating in occupational therapy.
Burnout among people working with intellectually disabled persons: a theory update and an example
Authors: Innstrand Siw Tone , Espnes Geir Arild , Mykletun Reidar 
Published: March 2003

Burnout among people working with intellectually disabled persons: a theory update and an example The paper offers an overview of the burnout literature connected to work stress and is specially aimed at professionals with responsibilities for persons with intellectual disabilities. In the paper different important key concepts in the burnout literature are both discussed in general terms, and also connected to the different instruments used to assess burnout. The effect of stress and burnout intervention procedures is also discussed thoroughly. At the end of the paper there is an example of an intervention study among staff working with persons with intellectual disabilities. The paper concludes that future progress is to be dependent onempirical tests of theory‐based models using research designs that permit causal inferences. In addition there is a growing need for longitudinal designs reporting effects of different intervention approaches, especially among the staff working with persons with intellectual disabilities.
Microsatellite markers from the Indian major carp species, Catla catla
Authors: McConnell S. K. J. , Leamon J. , Skibinski D. O. F. , Mair G. C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe Indian major carp Catla catla is indigenous to the major river systems of Northern India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, and is an important contributor to aquaculture production in India and Bangladesh. Five polymorphic microsatellite loci, developed from Catla catla are described and their utility in other major carp and cyprinid species is tested.
Isolation and characterization of novel microsatellite markers from the Australian tiger snakes (Elapidae: Notechis) and amplification in the closely related genus Hoplocephalus
Authors: Scott Ian A. W. , Hayes Christine M. , Keogh J. Scott , Webb Jonathon K. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe provide details of seven microsatellite loci (out of 20 primer pairs designed) that exhibited the cleanest and strongest banding patterns for the Eastern tiger snake Notechis scutatus. These loci were used to screen 76 individuals from across the geographical range of N. scutatus and a further 14 individuals of the closely related and endangered broadheaded snake Hoplocephalus bungaroides. We observed large numbers of alleles per locus (14–52) and relatively high levels of heterozygosity (0.270–0.696) within the N. scutatus sample. These markers are also likely to be informative for work on H. bungaroides.
The isolation of microsatellite loci in the Mediterranean fruitfly Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) using a biotin/streptavidin enrichment technique
Authors: Casey D. G. , Burnell A. M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe Medfly (Ceratitis capitata) is a polyphagous dipteran pest which has spread from North Africa to the countries of the Mediterranean Basin and has also invaded tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world. Colonizing populations typically possess low levels of genetic variability. Microsatellites provide an effective means of investigating the population structure of such genetically depauperate populations, however, microsatellite markers traditionally require a long phase of development in new taxa. We used a biotin/streptavidin capture technique to isolate microsatellites directly from C. capitata genomic DNA and we describe here the identification of seven polymorphic microsatellite markers in C. capitata.
Development of microsatellite loci in Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi)
Authors: Miller K. M. , Laberee K. , Schulze A. D. , Kaukinen K. H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractFifteen polymorphic di‐, tri‐ and tetranucleotide microsatellite markers were developed in Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) to aid in the delineation of population structure of herring in British Columbia. Twelve of the microsatellite loci were analysed in over 4000 wild herring. Expected heterozygosities ranged 0.73–0.95, and only two loci significantly deviated from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the great bustard, Otis tarda
Authors: Lieckfeldt D. , Schmidt A. , Pitra C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWith the aim to study population genetics of the endangered great bustard, Otis tarda, dinucleotide microsatellite loci were isolated using an adapted hybrid‐capture enrichment protocol. This work reports the characterization of a set of six polymorphic microsatellite markers within the great bustard (n = 52). Results from cross‐species amplifications in several other members of the family Otididae demonstrate that five primer pairs also successfully amplified homologous loci outside the species Otis tarda.
gerud1.0: a computer program for the reconstruction of parental genotypes from progeny arrays using multilocus DNA data
Authors: Jones Adam G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe have no standard computer algorithm for the reconstruction of parental genotypes from the data generated by molecular studies of progeny arrays. Here I present a computer program that uses the multilocus genotypes of parents and offspring to reconstruct the genotypes of unknown parents contributing gametes to a progeny array for which one parent is known a priori. A second program performs simulations to assess the reliability of the algorithm under various scenarios. These programs will aid scientists engaged in parentage analyses, particularly in species with large clutches.
Characterization of microsatellite loci developed for song wrens Cyphorhinus phaeocephalus
Authors: Hughes Colin R. , Robinson Tara R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe developed six microsatellite loci for song wrens (Cyphorhinus phaeocephalus). Polymorphism ranged from four to 12 alleles with heterozygosities ranging from 21 to 90%. Three of the six loci deviated significantly from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium suggesting the presence of one or more null alleles. Cross‐species amplification indicated that these loci will have limited utility in other wren species.
Isolation and characterization of di‐ and trinucleotide microsatellites in the freshwater snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum
Authors: Weetman D. , Hauser L. , Carvalho G. R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe freshwater prosobranch snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum is an important model system for studying the maintenance of sexual reproduction in its native New Zealand. Since introduction to the UK in the 1850s, the species has spread throughout Europe and recently the USA. We present the first microsatellites for P. antipodarum. Using two isolation protocols, which are qualitatively compared, we have developed PCR primers for three di‐ and four trinucleotide microsatellites. All loci proved to be polymorphic, when screened for variability in several UK populations. These markers should be of considerable utility in future population and ecological genetics studies of this species.
Microsatellite loci for a tropical emergent tree, Dipterocarpus tempehes V. Sl. (Dipterocarpaceae)
Authors: Isagi Y. , Kenta T. , Nakashizuka T. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPolymerase chain reaction primers amplifying 10 microsatellite loci for a tropical emergent tree, Dipterocarpus tempehes (Dipterocarpaceae) were developed. The polymorphism was estimated by screening 34 adult trees. The numbers of alleles per locus were from seven to 14 with the average of 10.3. Expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.57 to 0.88 with the average of 0.78. Total exclusion probabilities with the present 10 loci for the first and second parents of seedlings were 0.9962 and 0.9999, respectively. The high level of polymorphism indicates that the present loci are useful for the analysis of pollen movement, seed dispersal and inbreeding depression.
Fungal specific primers for PCR‐amplification of mitochondrial LSU in lichens
Authors: Printzen C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractFungal specific primer sequences for the amplification of the large subunit of the mitochondrial ribosomal DNA (mtLSU) are presented in this paper. Fungal specific primers make the separation of fungal and algal cells prior to DNA‐extraction from lichens unnecessary. This is especially useful in crustose and small foliose and fruticose lichens. An example from a complex of closely related species of the crustose lichen genus Biatora shows the usefulness of mtLSU‐sequences for studies of infraspecific variability and lower level systematics of lichenized ascomycetes.
Characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci in the invasive Brazilian pepper, Schinus terebinthifolius
Authors: Williams D. A. , Sternberg L. da S. L. , Hughes C. R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBrazilian pepper trees (Schinus terebinthifolius) pose a significant threat to south Florida ecosystems. To identify the source population of this exotic species we developed eight trinucleotide (AAT) microsatellite loci. Polymorphism ranged from two to six alleles and heterozygosity from 30 to 100% in a sample of 10 individuals from across south Florida. Cross‐species amplification indicated that these loci may be useful in some members of the Anacardiaceae.
Polymorphic microsatellite DNA loci identified in the common frog (Rana temporaria, Amphibia, Ranidae)
Authors: Pidancier N. , Gauthier P. , Miquel C. , Pompanon F. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe developed seven microsatellite loci in the common frog, Rana temporaria. There were between 2 and 27 alleles per locus and the expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.28 to 0.96 in a sample of frogs collected in the French Alps. Adding these seven markers to the 15 previously available microsatellite loci for this species should facilitate studies of genetic structure of Rana temporaria populations at a fine geographical scale.
Isolation and characterization of nuclear microsatellite loci in the tropical tree Corythophora alta (Lecythidaceae)
Authors: Hamilton M. B. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractStudies of tropical plant population structure and gene flow are needed to estimate genetic repercussions of tropical deforestation. Twelve microsatellite loci were isolated for Corythophora alta (Lecythidaceae), a canopy tree at the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, near Manaus, Brazil. These microsatellites will be used to estimate population structure and infer seed paternity. Loci were isolated with a subtractive hybridization method. Loci averaged 10.7 alleles per locus with high levels of heterozygosity. Four loci had significant deficits and one locus had a significant excess of heterozygotes compared to Hardy–Weinberg expectations. Many loci had high average probabilities of paternity exclusion.
Highly variable microsatellite loci for studies of introduced populations of the small Indian mongoose (Herpestes javanicus)
Authors: Thulin C.‐G. , Gyllenstrand N. , Mccracken G. , Simberloff D. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractDuring their introduction, non‐native species typically undergo founder events that reduce genetic variation. To allow a high‐resolution genetic investigation of introduced populations of the small Indian mongoose (Herpestes javanicus), we developed primers for nine variable microsatellite loci. Their applicability was assessed in 10 mongooses from the large Fijian population, which originated from a single pair from Calcutta, India. The number of alleles ranged from two to five per locus, possibly as a result of preservation of initial variability and in situ mutations during the rapid population expansion after introduction.