bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Welfare after Empire: Italy, Egypt, and the politics of assistance after 1945
Authors: Viscomi Joseph J. 
Published: January 2024

How could a state’s distanced approach to the welfare of its national subjects shape experiences at the end of empire? In this article, I consider this question by looking at the relationship between the Italian state and the departure of Italians from Egypt after 1945. The article presents a sociopolitical history of how experiences and expectations of welfare have shaped relations between the state and its migrant subjects at the end of empire. I argue that the regional strategies of the postwar Italian state turned away from institutional support of Italian residents in Egypt as a means of positioning itself closer to Nasser’s government after 1954 and, in doing so, marginalised the interests of migrant Italians even while it relied on interwar narratives about their importance for Mediterranean political kinships. The article begins by using oral history to understand how the memories of repatriated Italians from Egypt framed the historical context of experiences and expectations of welfare support in relation to the state. It then looks back to the political conjuncture of the early 1950s and its reverberations among Italians in Egypt seeking to re‑establish their lives after the Second World War, the collapse of fascist imperialism, and decolonisation. It examines how, at the very moment the two new republics moved closer together one another, Italian residents in Egypt were kept at a strategic distance by the Italian state and its diplomatic actors in Egypt. With the so‑called unmixing of the colonial sea, then, it looks at how Italians sought – and failed to acquire – aid and assistance from the Italian state when departing from Egypt and how this contoured the perspectives of Italian repatriates.
Bienfaisance et élites Italiennes du Caire : éléments de réflexion et pistes de recherche (circa 1882-1902)
Authors: Angella Eleonora 
Published: January 2024

À la fin du xixe et au début du xxe siècle, les Italiens d’Égypte ont donné vie à un nombre considérable d’associations : politiques, militaires, récréatives, culturelles, sportives, caritatives, etc. Cet article analyse le fonctionnement de deux associations laïques créées à l’initiative d’Italiens du Caire et toutes deux dédiées à des activités caritatives : la Società dei reduci delle patrie battaglie (Société des anciens combattants des guerres d’indépendance italiennes) et la Società italiana di beneficenza (Société italienne de bienfaisance). En croisant les sources d’archives et statuts écrits par les associations elles‑mêmes, on vise à mettre en lumière une réalité associative qui, en raison de son caractère éphémère, reste à bien des égards difficile à étudier.
A Clinical-morphological Study of Colorectal Polyps with Emphasis on Serrated Lesions
Authors: Jasuja Avnika , Rau Aarathi Rangan , Jalihal Umesh , Debata Ipsita 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background:
The World Health Organization introduced the entities of sessile serrated adenoma and traditional serrated adenoma, and hyperplastic polyps (HPs) under the serrated lesions category in 2010. Indian studies on demographic, clinical, and histopathological characteristics of colorectal polyps, especially on serrated lesions, are limited. Our study aimed to study the morphology of the colorectal polyps and estimate the percentage of serrated lesions in the polyps studied.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted on colorectal polyps received for routine histopathological examination from July 2013 to August 2015. The polyps were classified according to the WHO 2010 colon and rectum tumors classification. Data were compiled and analyzed using IBM SPSS statistics version 20.0. The interpretation was done in frequencies and percentages.

Results:
We studied a total of 200 colorectal polyps. The polyps were mostly seen in the descending colon (41%). Histologically, the majority of the colorectal polyps were adenomatous in nature (59%). The serrated lesions accounted for 29% of all colorectal polyps. The polyps were mostly seen in patients who were more than 40 years old.

Conclusion:
Adenomas were the most prevalent type of colorectal polyps, seen more in males, at a higher age, and distally located. Serrated lesions predominantly included HPs, mostly <1 cm in size.
Variable Presentations of Photodermatoses - A Case Series
Authors: Renukuntla Sri Vaishnavi , Kolekar Ketan K. , Phulari Yoganand J. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Photodermatoses represent a broad spectrum of skin diseases caused because of exposure to ultraviolet radiation. It is categorized mainly as idiopathic photosensitive disorders, drug or chemical induced photosensitivity reactions, DNA repair-deficiency photodermatoses and photoaggravated dermatoses. Despite being under the photodermatoses umbrella, the pathophysiology of each type of photodermatoses varies. We reported 4 cases of photodermatoses including azathioprine induced pellagra, adult onset actinic prurigo, and photoallergic contact dermatitis due to NSAIDs and cutting fluids. Photoprotection with the usage of photoprotective clothing, broad-spectrum sunscreen application and avoidance of photosensitizing drugs and chemicals are crucial.
Comparison of Oral Azathioprine and Oral Mini Pulse Steroid in the Treatment of Vitiligo: An Open-Label Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Jawade Sugat , Saoji Vikrant , Madke Bhushan , Singh Adarshlata 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background:
Vitiligo is a common acquired depigmentory skin disorder supposed to be of autoimmune aetiology. Different immunosuppressants have been tried with varying success. Azathioprine has been less studied in vitiligo.

Aims and Objectives:
To study the efficacy of oral azathioprine and compare with systemic steroid in the treatment of vitiligo.

Materials and Methods:
It was an interventional study with multi-armed (three), parallel group, an open-label, randomized controlled trial with allocation ratio of 1:1:1. Patients of vitiligo aged between 18 and 60 years having more than 5% body surface involvement were included in the study. Patients were divided into three groups. Group A—patients received oral azathioprine 50 mg OD daily, group B—patients received combination of oral azathioprine 50 mg OD and PUVASOL and group C—patients received combination of betamethasone oral mini pulse (OMP) and PUVASOL. All the groups were treated for 1 year. Repigmentation was evaluated by vitiligo area severity index (VASI), and stabilization was evaluated by vitiligo disease activity (VIDA).

Results:
Group A, group B and group C showed 24.24%, 53.24% and 47.28% improvement in VASI score, respectively, at the end of 1 year. Group B and group C showed statistically significant superior repigmentation as compared to azathioprine monotherapy. Though azathioprine and betamethasone showed equivalent efficacy, azathioprine has a better safety profile. Side effects were minimal in azathioprine groups, whereas 50% patients developed various side effects in group C.

Conclusion:
Azathioprine is safe and effective option in the treatment of vitiligo.
Real-World Indian Experience of Switchover to Bilastine 40 mg/day in CSU Patient Refractory to Other Antihistamines at Double Dose
Authors: De Abhishek , Shah Bela , Banodkar Pravin D. , Dhoot Dhiraj , Chitnis Kruttika , Barkate Hanmant 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background:
Although second-generation antihistamines (SGAHs) are recommended as first-line drugs in chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), symptom relief has been reported in <50% of patients at licensed doses and up to fourfold dosing is recommended for these patients. Bilastine (SGAH), at licensed doses and higher doses, is efficacious in CSU. However, large-scale real-world data is scarce.

Objectives:
To report the real-world evidence of the safety and effectiveness of bilastine at a double dose (40-mg per day) in CSU management.

Materials and Methods:
In this retrospective questionnaire-based study carried out from February 2022 to July 2022, a pre-validated questionnaire was used to gather data on patients with CSU in dermatology practice from 62 centres across India. Adult patients of either gender diagnosed with CSU and switched over to bilastine 40 mg/day due to a non-satisfactory response (UCT score <12) to other antihistamines at double dose were considered for analysis. Based on UCT scores, patients were classified as responders (UCT ≥12) and non-responders at follow-up assessment at 2 weeks as compared to baseline.

Results:
177 patients with a mean disease duration of 2.11 ± 1.48 years were included in the final analysis, with 53% females and 47% males. At the end of two weeks, 74/177 (42%) patients were classified as responders, and 103/177 (58%) were non-responders to Bilastine 40 mg/day. The mean change of UCT score from 5.0 ± 2.2 at baseline to 8.08 ± 5.41 (62% improvement) was significant (P < 0.001). Sedation was reported by ten patients without any discontinuation of treatment.

Conclusion:
Bilastine 40 mg/day was effective and well-tolerated in controlling CSU symptoms refractory to antihistamines at double doses.
Colonoscopy plays an important role in detecting colorectal neoplasms in patients with gastric neoplasms
Authors: Liu Xu-Rui , Wen Ze-Lin , Liu Fei , Li Zi-Wei , Liu Xiao-Yu , Zhang Wei , Peng Dong 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND
Gastric cancer (GC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) are the fifth and third most common cancer worldwide, respectively. Nowadays, GC is reported to have a potential predictive value for CRC, especially for advanced CRC.
AIM
To evaluate the necessity of colonoscopy for gastric neoplasm (GN) patients.
METHODS
Four databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Ovid, were used to perform the search strategy on May 2, 2023. The prevalence of colorectal neoplasms (CRN) and baseline characteristics were compared between the neoplasm group and the control group. Continuous variables are expressed as the mean difference and standard deviation. Relationships of categorical variables in the two groups are expressed as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs). Subgroup analysis according to different kinds of GNs was conducted for more in-depth analysis. The results of this study are represented by forest plots. Publication bias was evaluated by a funnel plot. All data analyses were performed by STATA SE 16.0 software.
RESULTS
A total of 3018 patients with GNs and 3905 healthy controls (age and sex matched) were enrolled for analysis. After comparing the prevalence of CRNs between the two groups, CRNs were detected significantly more frequently in GN patients than in controls (OR = 1.69, 95%CI = 1.28 to 2.23, I 2 = 85.12%, P = 0.00), especially in patients with GC (OR =1.80, 95%CI = 1.49 to 2.18, I 2 = 25.55%, P < 0.1). Moreover, other risk factors including age (OR = 1.08, 95%CI = 1.00 to 1.17, I 2 = 90.13%, P = 0.00) and male sex (OR = 2.31, 95%CI = 1.26 to 4.22, I 2 = 87.35%, P = 0.00), were related to the prevalence of CRNs. For patients in the GN group, body mass index (BMI, OR = 0.88, 95%CI = 0.80 to 0.98, I 2 = 0.00%, P = 0.92) and smoking (OR = 1.03, 95%CI = 1.01 to 1.05, I 2 = 0.00%, P = 0.57) were protective and risk factors for CRNs, respectively.
CONCLUSION
Patients are recommended to undergo colonoscopy when diagnosed with GNs, especially GC patients with a low BMI and a history of smoking.
Comprehensive evaluation of rare case: From diagnosis to treatment of a sigmoid Schwannoma: A case report
Authors: Li Jing-Yi , Gao Xi-Zhuang , Zhang Jian , Meng Xiang-Zheng , Cao Yi-Xian , Zhao Kun 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND
Schwannomas are uncommon tumors originating from Schwann cells, forming the neural sheath. They account for approximately 2%-6% of all mesenchymal tumors and are most commonly identified in peripheral nerve trunks, with rarity in the gastrointestinal tract. Among gastrointestinal locations, the stomach harbors the majority of nerve sheath tumors, while such occurrences in the sigmoid colon are exceptionally infrequent.
CASE SUMMARY
This study presented a clinical case involving a 60-year-old female patient who, during colonoscopy, was diagnosed with a submucosal lesion that was later identified as a nerve sheath tumor. The patient underwent surgical resection, and the diagnosis was confirmed through immunohistochemistry. This study highlighted an exceptionally uncommon occurrence of a nerve sheath tumor in the sigmoid colon, which was effectively managed within our department. Additionally, a comprehensive review of relevant studies was conducted.
CONCLUSION
The preoperative diagnosis of nerve sheath tumors poses challenges, as the definitive diagnosis still relies on pathology and immunohistochemistry. Although categorized as benign, these tumors have the potential to demonstrate malignant behavior. Consequently, the optimal treatment approach entails the complete surgical excision of the tumor, ensuring the absence of residual lesions at the margins.
Trends in colorectal cancer incidence according to an increase in the number of colonoscopy cases in Korea
Authors: Kim Ga Hee , Lee Yeong Chan , Kim Tae Jun , Hong Sung Noh , Chang Dong Kyung , Kim Young-Ho , Yang Dong-Hoon , Moon Chang Mo , Kim Kyunga , Kim Hyun Gun , Kim Eun-Ran 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND
The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) and preinvasive CRC (e.g ., early colon cancer and advanced adenoma) is gradually increasing in several countries.
AIM
To evaluate the trend in incidence of CRC and preinvasive CRC according to the increase in the number of colonoscopies performed in Korea.
METHODS
This retrospective cohort study enrolled Korean patients from 2002 to 2020 to evaluate the incidence of CRC and preinvasive CRC, and assess the numbers of diagnostic colonoscopies and colonoscopic polypectomies. Colonoscopy-related complications by age group were also determined.
RESULTS
The incidence of CRC showed a rapid increase, then decreased after 2012 in the 50-75 year-age group. During the study period, the rate of incidence of preinvasive CRC increased at a similar level in patients under 50 and 50-75 years of age. Since 2009, the increase has been rapid, showing a pattern similar to the increase in colonoscopies. The rate of colonoscopic polypectomy in patients aged under 50 was similar to the rate in patients over 75 years of age after 2007. The rate of complications after colonoscopy and related deaths within 3 mo was high for those over 75 years of age.
CONCLUSION
The diagnosis of preinvasive CRC increased with the increase in the number of colonoscopies performed. As the risk of colonoscopy-related hospitalization and death is high in the elderly, if early lesions at risk of developing CRC are diagnosed and treated under or at the age of 75, colonoscopy-related complications can be reduced for those aged 76 years or over.
C-reactive protein to albumin ratio predict responses to programmed cell death-1 inhibitors in hepatocellular carcinoma patients
Authors: Li Bai-Bei , Chen Lei-Jie , Lu Shi-Liu , Lei Biao , Yu Gui-Lin , Yu Shui-Ping 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND
Over the years, programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors have been routinely used for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment and yielded improved survival outcomes. Nonetheless, significant heterogeneity surrounds the outcomes of most studies. Therefore, it is critical to search for biomarkers that predict the efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors in patients with HCC.
AIM
To investigate the role of the C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR) in evaluating the efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors for HCC.
METHODS
The clinical data of 160 patients with HCC treated with PD-1 inhibitors from January 2018 to November 2022 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University were retrospectively analyzed.
RESULTS
The optimal cut-off value for CAR based on progression-free survival (PFS) was determined to be 1.20 using x-tile software. Cox proportional risk model was used to determine the factors affecting prognosis. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.754, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 1.045-2.944, P = 0.033], CAR (HR = 2.118, 95%CI = 1.057-4.243, P = 0.034) and tumor number (HR = 2.932, 95%CI = 1.246-6.897, P = 0.014) were independent prognostic factors for overall survival. CAR (HR = 2.730, 95%CI = 1.502-4.961, P = 0.001), tumor number (HR = 1.584, 95%CI = 1.003-2.500, P = 0.048) and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (HR = 1.120, 95%CI = 1.022-1.228, P = 0.015) were independent prognostic factors for PFS. Two nomograms were constructed based on independent prognostic factors. The C-index index and calibration plots confirmed that the nomogram is a reliable risk prediction tool. The ROC curve and decision curve analysis confirmed that the nomogram has a good predictive effect as well as a net clinical benefit.
CONCLUSION
Overall, we reveal that the CAR is a potential predictor of short- and long-term prognosis in patients with HCC treated with PD-1 inhibitors. If further verified, CAR-based nomogram may increase the number of markers that predict individualized prognosis.
One Belt One Road: A new international flows architecture under the chinese influence
Authors: Arnaud Alain , Livolsi Laurent 
Published: January 2024

China’s One Belt One Road (OBOR) strategy was launched in September 2013 by Xi Jinping. It is a global transports infrastructure strategy that covers both land (road and rail) and sea roads by connecting ports from Asia to Europe through Africa. With a budget of more than 1,400 billion dollars, it is one of the most important strategies on a global scale. The purpose of this article is firstly to characterize this strategy, from its foundations to the actual enactment modalities. It is then to propose an interpretation based on a Braudelian reading in terms of world economy and hegemonic posture leading to the emergence of new asian global value chains.
La stratégie chinoise One Belt One Road (OBOR) a été lancée en septembre 2013 par Xi Jinping. Il s’agit d’une stratégie globale de développement d’infrastructures, notamment de transport, et de coopérations. Elle concerne aussi bien les voies terrestres (routes et fer) que les voies maritimes par la connexion de ports depuis l’Asie jusqu’à l’Europe en passant par l’Afrique. Dotée d’un budget de plus de 1 400 milliards de dollars, elle est l’une des plus importantes stratégies initiées à l’échelle mondiale. L’objet de cet article, écrit en 2018, est d’abord de caractériser cette stratégie, depuis ses fondements jusqu’aux modalités de sa mise en acte. Il s’agit ensuite d’en proposer une interprétation fondée sur une lecture braudélienne en termes d’économie-monde et de posture hégémonique conduisant à l’émergence de nouvelles global value chains asiatiques.
Теоретико-методологічні критерії та принципи системного аналізу міжнародних відносин
Authors: Толстов С.В. 
Published: January 2024

Стаття містить огляд загальних критеріїв та принципів системного аналізу, які використовуються основними науковими школами теорії міжнародних відносин. Предтечею поширення методології системного аналізу стала загальна теорія систем, мета якої полягала у з‘ясуванні структурної подібності загальносистемних закономірностей, їх узагальненні та виявленні принципів системного моделювання у різних галузях наукових досліджень. У 1950-1960-х рр. системний аналіз нерідко сприймався як міждисциплінарний чи навіть «наддисциплінарний» підхід, що синтезує методологію вивчення складних технічних і соціальних систем.
У науці про міжнародні відносини застосування системного аналізу стало підґрунтям для виникнення універсальної пояснювальної теорії, сенс якої полягає в класифікації та інтерпретації різних станів і структурних змін у сфері багатосторонньої міждержавної взаємодії. Продовжуючи раціоналістичну наукову традицію, системний підхід відкрив широкі можливості для концептуалізації міжнародного взаємодії, включаючи виявлення логічної обумовленості, типологічних закономірностей міжнародних відносин та їх верифікації за допомогою емпіричних даних.
Поняття «міжнародна система», що виникло в рамках структурно-функціонального підходу, означає сукупність акторів, які розташовані в конфігурації влади (структурі) й залучені до регулярних моделей взаємодії (процесів). На практиці міжнародна система реалізується як самодостатній та саморегулюючий комплекс взаємовідносин міжнародних суб’єктів на рівні держав, міжнародних організацій та акторів недержавного рівня в межах відповідної історично обумовленої структури. Роль головного системоутворюючого чинника виконують домінуючі, політично окреслені й детерміновані форми відносин між акторами міжнародної системи. Тип міжнародної системи, включаючи багатополярну, біполярну або однополярну, істотно впливає на модальність і правила міждержавної взаємодії, що становлять основу відповідного міжнародного порядку.
У соціально-політичному контексті феномен міжнародної системи доречно розглядати як абстрактну рамкову модель, у просторі якої відбувається співіснування різних суспільств та, відповідно, як сферу конкуренції відповідних форм і векторів суспільного розвитку. Доречно враховувати, що системна теорія не приділяє пріоритетної уваги ціннісно-ідеологічним характеристикам, зокрема й залежності політичних та зовнішньополітичних рішень від ідей, культурних стереотипів, ціннісних преференцій, специфіки мислення та методів прийняття рішень представниками політичних еліт окремих державних суб’єктів. Оцінка впливу цих чинників на міжнародні відносини вимагає залучення інших міждисциплінарних методів, які використовуються у межах політичного та соціологічного аналізу.
Чи багато цінних речей залишалося в сусідів після пограбування українських євреїв?
Authors: Солошенко В.В. 
Published: January 2024

Нині значно зросла потреба в ґрунтовних студіях, висвітленні проблемних і малодосліджених сторінок української історії часів Другої світової війни, окупації України. Важливо зазначити, що ще задовго до початку Другої світової війни українські євреї зазнавали суттєвого тиску, експропріації цінностей, майна, нерухомості. У статті наголошено, що невіддільними складниками Голокосту, який вирував в українських містах і селах, були погроми, пограбування, переслідування й фізичне знищення євреїв. Єврейське майно під час нацистської окупації України систематично конфісковували та грабували.
Важливим є акцентування на тому, що Голокосту і його жертвам не приділяли в СРСР належної уваги. Йшлося про збірне поняття «радянський народ» і «життя євреїв, їх втрати» неначе розчинялися в ньому. Про пограбування єврейського населення також практично не йшлося. Лише після 2010-х рр. з’являються праці українських дослідників, в яких на основі архівних джерел розкриваються злочини окупаційних органів, а також показується участь і роль місцевого населення – героїв-рятівників або ж навпаки – співучасників терору (свідомих чи несвідомих).
У статті проаналізовано події часів Голокосту, опрацьовано спогади, інтерв’ю з різних частин України, наведено приклади, цитати постраждалих українських євреїв, яким дивом вдалося вижити. До наукового обігу введено донині невідомі архівні документи, які унаочнюють та розкривають умови пограбувань і переслідувань українських євреїв. Ці темні і маловідомі сторінки історії частково були опрацьовані у роботах зарубіжних і окремих українських дослідників та потребують ґрунтовного вивчення й переосмислення в найближчому майбутньому. Великим завданням для науковців є неприпинення пошуків як окремих об’єктів, так і колекцій, які пограбовані за часів панування нацистського режиму. Ефективною у цьому зв’язку видається кооперація українських учених з зарубіжними спеціалістами у цій царині.