bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of a high protein diet with and without a multi‐strain probiotic and prebiotic on microbiota and gastrointestinal wellness in older women: a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled crossover study
Authors: Ford Amanda L , MacPherson Chad , Girard Stephanie‐Anne , Tompkins Thomas A , Tremblay Julien , Christman Mary , Dahl Wendy J 
Published: November 2023

Protein intake exceeding requirements may benefit physiological processes and reduce the risk of sarcopenia in older adults. However, high protein, animal‐based diets may produce undesirable perturbations in microbiota resulting in inflammatory conditions. With declining diversity of colonic microbiota among older adults, prebiotics and probiotics may confer benefits in this cohort. The aim of this research was to examine the effects of a high protein (animal and plant protein) diet on microbiota profile and digestive health in healthy older adults, and the potential mitigating role of a prebiotic, multi‐strain probiotic or synbiotic. A double‐blind, crossover, placebo‐controlled feeding trial was conducted. Healthy older women (n=26; 73.7±5.6 y) were randomized to an 18‐week crossover study design consisting of 4 interventions: i) high protein diet (2.0–2.5 g/kg/d), ii) high protein diet with a multi‐strain probiotic (2×1010 CFU/d), iii.) high protein diet with inulin, and iv) high protein diet with symbiotic (inulin + probiotic). Each 14‐d intervention period consisted of the same eucaloric, high‐protein diet separated by 14‐day washout periods. Gastrointestinal health, including stool frequency and weekly gastrointestinal symptoms measured by Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) were evaluated. Stools were collected during baseline, intervention and washout periods, and qPCR (polymerase chain reaction) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was conducted. The results showed no phyla level changes, whereas high intra‐individual variations in genera and significant changes in operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were observed with treatments. Stool frequency was not different among periods. The high protein diet with interventions significantly increased GSRS scores of abdominal pain and indigestion syndromes, but not reflux, constipation and diarrhea syndrome, compared to baseline. The results of this study provide evidence that, contrary to the possible negative effects of a high protein, animal‐based diet, a high mixed protein diet did not have profound changes on microbiota in older women, a group that may benefit from the physiological benefits of higher protein intake.Support or Funding InformationLallemand Health Solutions; University of Florida
Longitudinal change in the diet's monetary value is associated with its change in quality and micronutrient adequacy among urban adults
Authors: Beydoun May A , Fanelli‐Kuczmarski Marie T , Poti Jennifer M. , Allen Alyssa , Beydoun Hind A , Evans Michele K , Zonderman Alan B 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundReducing diet costs may lead to the selection of energy‐dense foods, such as refined grains, foods high in added sugars and/or fats, which can lower overall dietary quality.ObjectivesWe examined the longitudinal association between the monetary value of the diet (MVD) and the overall dietary quality across sex, race and income groups.DesignWe used longitudinal data from 1,466 Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity Across the LifeSpan (HANDLS) urban adult participants. Healthy Eating Index–2010 (HEI–2010) and Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR) were computed. A national food price database was used to estimate MVD. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted linking annual rates of change (Δ) in MVD to ΔHEI‐2010 and ΔMAR, stratifying by sex, race and income groups.ResultsΔHEI‐2010 was comparable across socio‐demographic groups, while ΔMAR was higher among women and individuals above poverty. Adjusting for key covariates, ΔMVD was positively associated in both ΔHEI‐2010 and ΔMAR, and with a consistently stronger association among individuals above poverty, specifically for the total proteins and empty calories components of HEI‐2010 and several nutrient adequacy ratios (NARs: vitamins C, E, B‐6 and Zinc). ΔMVD‐ΔMAR association was stronger in women, mainly influenced by ΔMVD's positive associations with B‐vitamins, copper, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus NARs. ΔMVD‐Δvitamin D NAR's positive relationship was stronger among Whites, while ΔMVD‐Δvitamin B‐12 NAR's association was stronger among African‐Americans.ConclusionsIn sum, a potential increase in MVD may have a stronger impact on dietary quality among urban adult women and individuals living above the poverty threshold.Support or Funding InformationThis research was supported entirely by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute on Aging.
Association between emotional eating and overeating in Latinos
Authors: Lopez‐Cepero Andrea Alexandra , Frisard Christine , Lemon Stephenie , Rosal Milagros 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundLatinos experience considerable disparities in obesity. Although causes of obesity are multifactorial, overeating is a major contributor. Emotional eating (EE) has been shown to be positively associated with obesity. However, the relationship between EE and overeating among Latinos has not been studied.ObjectivesTo examine if EE is associated with overeating in a Latino sample and to evaluate if this relationship differs by sex.MethodsA representative community sample of Latino individuals was recruited from a community health center in Lawrence, MA. EE was measured with the Three Factor Eating Behavior Questionnaire R18‐V2. Total caloric intake was measured with a culturally tailored Food Frequency Questionnaire. To calculate energy needs, the Mifflin‐St Jeor equation was used. Overeating was defined as having a total energy intake of 500 calories above the calculated energy need. Covariates considered included: education, employment, perceived stress, depression and Body Mass Index. Analysis included multivariable logistic regression.ResultsParticipants with complete data (n=201, 53.7% female and 68.2% Dominicans) were included in this analysis. Overall, 45.3% of the sample experienced overeating. After adjusting for covariates, EE was positively associated with overeating; with a 52% increase in the odds of overeating for each unit increase in EE score (OR=1.52; 95%CI=1.04, 2.23; p=0.029). The relationship was not significantly different between men (OR=1.27; 95%CI=0.66, 2.43) and women (OR=1.72; 95%CI=1.04, 2.83; p=0.681).ConclusionEE was positively associated with overeating in both Latino men and women. Future studies should examine longitudinal associations between EE, overeating and obesity. Understanding these associations may provide valuable information for the development of effective interventions to prevent and manage obesity in high risk Latino populations.Support or Funding InformationThis work was funded by grants from the National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH085653‐04), National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities (5 P60 MD006912‐03), and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (1 U48 DP005031‐01).
Maternal high fat diet significantly impacts milk miRNA and mRNA content of lactating mice
Authors: Chen Yulu , Yang Shiqi , Crodian Jennifer , Kuang Shihuan , Wang Junhui , Gribskov Michael , Plaut Karen , Casey Theresa M 
Published: November 2023

Neonatal exposure to maternal high fat diet during lactation is associated with development of metabolic syndrome later in life. It is believed that the bioactive components in milk may be responsible for this phenomena. Bioactive components in milk that may be responsible for this are the abundant nucleic acids secreted within exosomes. Exosomal miRNAs circulating throughout body were found to change with nutritional state. We hypothesized that maternal high fat diet affects milk microRNA and mRNA content; and that microRNA and mRNA content in milk impacts offspring development. The objective of this study was to use next generation sequencing to determine the effect of maternal high fat diet on secreted milk transcriptome, specifically miRNA and mRNA expression. For this study, 4‐week old female ICR mice were matched by weight and divided into two treatment groups: control (C) and high fat (HF) diet. HF mice were fed diets with 60% kcal fat and control 10% kcal fat. After 4‐week on diets, mice were mated and were allowed to deliver their pups naturally. On post‐natal day 2 (PND2), litters were normalized to 10 pups and half the pups in each litter were cross‐fostered among treatments. Milk was collected from each dam on PND8, 10 and 12. On PND12 dams were euthanized and blood and milk were collected to measure protein, glucose and lactose. Total RNA was isolated from milk fat fraction of PND10 samples and used for mRNA‐seq and small RNA‐seq. Sequenced reads were aligned to the reference genome using Bowtie and Tophat. Cufflinks was used for transcript assembly, and DeSeq2 was used to analyze differential gene expression. Kilocalorie intake across the 4–weeks pre‐pregnancy was significantly greater (P<0.05) in HF(134.05±25.01kcal) versus C(95.18±8.52kcal) mice, and HF(34.0±4.2g) treatment weighed more than C(27.2±1.7g). However, weight was not different (P>0.05) between HF and C dams on PND2 (HF42.26±3.48g, C38.68±1.79g, respectively) or on PND12 (HF46.7±5.0g, C43.9±4.3g, respectively). Serum and milk percent protein and glucose were not different between C and HF. However, percent lactose was greater (P<0.05) in milk of HF(2.16±0.58%) versus C(1.26±0.41%) dams. Pup weight was significantly greater (P<0.05) in groups that suckled HF(6.68±0.91g) fed dams versus pups fed by C(5.06±0.68g) dams, regardless of biological dams. Differential abundance of a subset of miRNA and mRNA molecules were found in milk of HF versus C dams. These results show that maternal HF diet effects secreted milk transcriptome. If these nucleic acids maintain biological activity they have the potential to affect offspring development.Support or Funding InformationAgSeed‐Agricultural Research and Extension Leading to Economic Development in Indiana Agriculture and Rural Communities
Nutrient Declarations and Nutritional Quality of Processed and Ultra‐processed Foods Sold in Guatemala
Authors: Alarcon‐Calderon Amarilys , Kroker‐Lobos Fernanda , Vandevijvere Stefanie , Ramirez‐Zea Manuel 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundObesity and high blood pressure are major risk factors for diet‐related chronic diseases (DRCD), such as diabetes, in Guatemala. High consumption of critical nutrients (energy, saturated fat, trans fat, total sugar, added sugar and sodium) is linked to DRCD. Guatemala's current food labelling regulation mandates nutrient declarations only if healthy or nutrient claims are made.ObjectiveTo assess, for the first time, the nutritional information available on packaged foods in Guatemala and to evaluate differences in the nutritional quality of processed (P) and ultra‐processed (UP) foods according to the Nutrient Profile model of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO).MethodsTwo major supermarkets in Guatemala City were selected. All packaged foods (excluding baby foods, coffee, tea, sugar, herbs and spices) were photographed to extract nutritional information if available. Declaration of critical nutrients was determined. Nutritional quality was assessed according to the Nutrient Profile model of PAHO.ResultsWe extracted nutritional information from 3463 food products. Out of these, 7% were classified as P, and 83% as UP. The remainder 10% were unprocessed/minimally processed foods or culinary ingredients. Energy content was not declared on 16% and 10% [p= 0.005]; total fat on 17% and 10% [p=0.001]; saturated fat on 25% and 15% [p<0.0001]; trans fat on58% and 48% [p=0.002]; total sugar on 39% and 26%; [p<0.0001] added sugar on 100% and 99% [p=0.214]; and sodium or salt on 17% and 11% [p=0.004] of P and UP products, respectively. Only 38% of P and 39% of UP foods had all the nutritional information required for classification with the PAHO nutrient profile model [p=0.720]. We found excessive amounts of at least one critical nutrient in and 84% of P and 89% of UP [p=0.219] and artificial sweeteners in 9% UP products. The food group with the lowest number of nutrient declarations was processed meat and meat products.ConclusionBoth processed and ultra‐processed products contain excessive amounts of critical nutrients. Several critical nutrients associated with chronic diseases are not consistently reported in labels of processed and ultra‐processed foods in Guatemala. Nutritional information is limited, and the use of a nutrient profiling system to evaluate nutritional quality is difficult due to missing information. Current regulation concerning food labelling should be revised and enforced to improve the nutritional information available to consumers in order to create healthier food environments and to stimulate the food industry to reformulate their products towards healthier alternatives.Support or Funding InformationInternational Development Research Centre (IDRC), Canada
Small servings of vegetables or a cruciferous supplement do not affect urinary estrogen metabolites in premenopausal women
Authors: Mondloch Stephanie , Muir Cassidy , Arscott Sara , Binkley Neil , Tanumihardjo Sherry A 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundThe ratio of urinary 2‐hydroxyestrone to 16‐α‐hydroxyestrone (2:16) is hypothesized as a potential biomarker of breast cancer risk in premenopausal women, with higher ratios theoretically protective. Cruciferous vegetable intake has been inconsistently associated with higher urinary 2:16.ObjectiveWe investigated whether or not a cruciferous vegetable supplement made from dried Brussels sprouts and kale, would increase the urinary 2:16 estrogen metabolite ratio in comparison to placebo or cruciferous vegetables in healthy premenopausal women.DesignThis registered (NCT01726127) parallel arm, placebo‐controlled, partly blinded study included 78 healthy premenopausal women (38–50 years) with screening urinary 2:16 ≤ 3.0 who were not using exogenous hormone treatment. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive 1) Crucifer supplement 2) 40 g daily alternating broccoli or Brussels sprouts or 3) placebo daily for eight weeks. Urinary 2:16 was measured at baseline, four, and 8 weeks. Serum chemistries of progesterone, estradiol, estrone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle‐stimulating hormone were analyzed.ResultsIntent‐to‐treat repeated measures‐ANOVA identified no treatment effect on urinary 2:16 (P = 0.83) or treatment by time interaction (P = 0.79). Per‐protocol analyses including only complete cases found no significant treatment by time interaction (P = 0.63) and restricting the analysis to subjects with minimum 80% verifiable compliance to treatment found similar results (Ptreatment = 0.90 Pinteraction = 0.86).ConclusionsNeither the crucifer supplement nor a small serving of cruciferous vegetables significantly altered the urinary 2:16 estrogen metabolite ratio in healthy premenopausal women.Support or Funding InformationThis project was funded by Standard Process, Inc. (Palmyra, WI).
Pre‐Meal Television Viewing and Exercise on Subjective Appetite and Food Intake in Children
Authors: de Zepetnek Julia O Totosy , Da Silva Melissa , Miller Kerry , Bellissimo Nick 
Published: November 2023

PurposeThe effects of pre‐meal television viewing (TVV) and exercise (EXR) on subjective appetite and food intake (FI) regulation are not well understood in the paediatric population. The objective of the present study was to investigate separate and concurrent effects of 30‐min TVV and moderate‐intensity EXR immediately before mealtime on subjective appetite and FI in 9 to 14 year old boys and girls.MethodsDuring four test mornings one week apart and 2 h after a standardized breakfast, 13 children (n=7 boys, n=6 girls; age 11.1 ± 0.5 years) were randomly assigned to one of four 30‐min treatment conditions: TVV only, EXR only, TVV and EXR, and sitting control. Immediately following the treatment, FI was measured via an ad libitum pizza meal. Subjective appetite was assessed at baseline, 15 and 30‐min during the treatment condition, and upon trial completion at 60‐min. Subjective emotions were assessed at baseline and at 30 min.ResultsFI and water intake were not affected by treatment condition, but after subtracting exercise energy expenditure (EE), there was a main effect of the exercise on FI (p=0.01), which lead to an average ~20% reduction in FI compared to the sedentary conditions (TVV and control). Thirst scores were higher in the exercise vs. sedentary groups at 15‐min (p<0.01) and 30‐min (p<0.001). Subjective average appetite and emotion were not affected by treatment, but increased with time in all conditions (p<0.0001 and p<0.0001, respectively).ConclusionsExposure to 30‐min TVV and EXR before eating did not affect subjective emotions, subjective appetite, or FI. TVV alone or concurrent with EXR did not influence FI regulation, suggesting that physiologic signals of satiation and satiety are not overridden by environmental stimuli of pre‐meal screen‐time exposure among young children. Increased EE did not result in compensatory increases in short‐term FI, resulting in a decreased net energy balance during the measurement period. Therefore, moderate‐intensity exercise leading to increased EE, independent of TVV, influences energy balance and may support achieving or maintaining healthy weights in children.Support or Funding InformationFaculty of Community Services Seed Grant (Nick Bellissimo), and the Undergraduate Research Award (Melissa Da Silva).
Are You What Your Mother Ate: Maternal Artificially‐Sweetened Beverages Intake During Pregnancy and Offspring Growth and Obesity Through Age 7 Years?
Authors: Zhu Yeyi , Olsen Sjurdur F , Mendola Pauline , Halldorsson Thorhallur I , Rawal Shristi , Hinkle Stefanie N , Yeung Edwina H , Chavarro Jorge E , Grunnet Louise G , Granström Charlotta , Bjerregaard Anne Ahrendt , Hu Frank B , Zhang Cuilin 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundArtificial‐sweeteners are widely replacing caloric sweeteners, but emerging experimental data have linked them to metabolic perturbations. Epidemiologic data on long‐term intergenerational impact of artificially‐sweetened beverage (ASB) consumption during pregnancy on offspring obesity risk are lacking. We prospectively investigated intake of ASBs and sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSBs) during pregnancy in relation to offspring growth through age 7 years among high‐risk children born to women with gestational diabetes, serving as a unique model to study early origins of obesity.MethodsIn a prospective study of 918 mother‐singleton child dyads from the Danish National Birth Cohort, maternal dietary intake was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire during pregnancy. Offspring body mass index z‐scores (BMIZ) and overweight/obesity status were derived using weight and length/height measured at birth, 5 and 12 months, and 7 years. Linear regression and Poisson regression with robust standard errors were used, adjusting for major maternal and offspring risk factors.ResultsApproximately half of women reported consuming ASBs during pregnancy and 9% consumed daily. Compared to never consumption, daily ASB intake during pregnancy was positively associated with offspring large‐for‐gestational age [adjusted relative risk (aRR) 1.57; 95% CI: 1.05, 2.35], and BMIZ (adjusted β 0.59; 95% CI: 0.23, 0.96) and overweight/obesity (aRR 1.93; 95% CI; 1.24, 3.01) at 7 years. Further, per‐serving‐per‐day substitution of ASBs with water during pregnancy was related to a significantly lower risk of overweight/obesity at 7 years (aRR 0.83; 95% CI: 0.76, 0.91), whereas SSB substitution with ASBs was not related to a lower risk (aRR 1.14; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.31).ConclusionsWe observed positive associations between intrauterine exposure to ASBs and birth size and risk of overweight/obesity at 7 years. Findings further raise the questionability of promoting ASBs as “healthier” alternatives for SSBs, particularly among high‐risk pregnant women. Future studies with longer follow up beyond early childhood are warranted.Support or Funding InformationThe study is funded by the Intramural Research Program of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health (contract # HHSN275201000020C). The DNBC is supported by grants from The Danish Research Council # 09‐067124 (Center for Fetal Programming) and 09‐075611.
Plasma Alpha‐Linolenic and Linoleic Acids in Early Pregnancy are Associated with Birth Outcomes in Rural Malawi
Authors: Oaks Brietta M. , Dewey Kathryn G. , Maleta Kenneth , Sadalaki John R. , Ashorn Ulla , Harris William S. , Ashorn Per 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundSeveral studies suggest that low circulating levels of long‐chain omega‐3 fatty acids are associated with poor birth outcomes, however results are mixed possibly because the majority of studies have been conducted in high‐income settings.ObjectiveTo determine whether fatty acid status during pregnancy is associated with birth outcomes in Malawian women.MethodsWe performed a nested cohort study (n=315) of pregnant women ≤ 20 wk gestation enrolled in a large randomized controlled trial in rural Malawi. We measured plasma fatty acids (wt%) at enrollment and at 36 wk gestation. Specific fatty acids of interest included the omega‐3 fatty acids, alpha‐linolenic acid (ALA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA); and the omega‐6 fatty acids, linoleic acid (LA) and arachidonic acid (AA). Study nurses recorded birth size, and duration of gestation was estimated by baseline ultrasound. Linear regression and logistic regression models were used to examine the association between plasma fatty acids and birth outcomes.ResultsIn adjusted analyses, higher plasma ALA at ≤ 20 wk gestation was associated with a longer duration of gestation (β: 0.34 d/0.1%, SE: 0.22, p=0.03), greater birth weight (β: 16 g/0.1%, SE: 6.4, p=0.01), and greater head‐circumference‐for‐age z‐score (β: 0.03 SD/0.1%, SE: 0.01, p=0.04). Above median plasma ALA at ≤ 20 wk gestation was associated with a lower risk of newborn stunting (RR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.94, p=0.03) versus below median. Plasma ALA at 36 wk gestation was not associated with any birth outcome. Higher LA at ≤ 20 wk gestation was associated with greater weight‐for‐age (WAZ), and higher LA at 36 wk gestation with greater WAZ and head‐circumference‐for‐age z‐score. AA and DHA levels were not associated with any birth outcome.ConclusionHigher plasma ALA and LA in early pregnancy were associated with better birth outcomes, however their longer‐chain metabolites AA and DHA were not.Support or Funding InformationFunding was provided by a grant to UC Davis by The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.