bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Home care for chronic respiratory failure in children: 15 years experience
Authors: APPIERTO L. , CORI M. , BIANCHI R. , ONOFRI A. , CATENA S. , FERRARI M. , VILLANI A. 
Published: March 2003

Background: Advances in paediatric intensive care have reduced mortality but, unfortunately, one of the consequences is an increase in the number of patients with chronic diseases. It is generally agreed that home care of children requiring ventilatory support improves their outcomes and results in cost saving for the National Health Service. Methods: Since 1985, the Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù of Rome has developed a program of paediatric home care. The program is performed by a committed Home Health Care Team (HHCT) which selects the eligible patients for home care and trains the families to treat their child. During the period January 1985 to January 2001, 53 children with chronic respiratory failure were included in the home care program. Of these, seven patients were successively excluded and six died in our intensive care unit (ICU), while one still lives in our ICU since 1997. The results obtained in the remaining 46 children are reported. Results: The pathologies consisted of disorders of respiratory control related to brain damage (26%), upper airways obstructive disease (26%), spinal muscular atrophy (22%), myopathies and muscular dystrophies (6.5%), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (6.5%), tracheomalacia (6.5%), central hypoventilation syndrome (4.3%) and progressive congenital scoliosis (2.2%). Of these 46 patients, 34 children are mechanically ventilated and the median of their ICU stay was 109.5 days (range 54–214 days), while the remaining 12 children were breathing spontaneously and the median of their ICU stay was 90.5 days (range 61–134 days). We temporarily readmitted six patients to our ICU to perform scheduled otolaryngological surgery, eight patients for acute respiratory infections and two patients for deterioration of their neurological status due to high pressure hydrocephalus for placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt; these 16 patients were discharged back home again. Two other patients were readmitted for deterioration of their chronic disease and died in our ICU, while seven patients died at home. Conclusions: Thirty‐seven children are still alive at home and four of them improved their respiratory condition so that it was possible to remove the tracheostomy tube. Our oldest patient has now achieved 15 years of mechanical ventilation at home.
The electroretinographic phenotype of dogs with Golden Retriever muscular dystrophy
Authors: Beltran William A. , Chahory Sabine , Gnirs Kirsten , Escriou Catherine , Blot Stéphane , Clerc Bernard 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjective To characterize the flash electroretinogram (ERG) in the Golden Retriever muscular dystrophy (GRMD) dog and to compare the results with those from a control group of Golden Retrievers. To investigate whether similar abnormalities of the ERG as those found in a majority of human patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) are also observed in the GRMD dog, the canine model for DMD.Animals Five GRMD dogs and five age‐matched clinically normal Golden Retrievers.Procedure An ophthalmic examination was carried out prior to performing electroretinography under general anesthesia. Rod, combined rod–cone and oscillatory potentials responses were recorded after dark adaptation. Responses to 30‐Hz‐flicker were recorded after light adaptation. The ERG responses of the GRMD dogs were compared with those of the control dogs by use of a Wilcoxon signed rank test.Results GRMD dogs had significantly reduced a and b‐wave amplitudes after dim white flash stimuli (rod response) and reduced a‐wave amplitude after bright white flash stimuli (rod–cone response).Conclusion and clinical relevance The ERG abnormalities observed in the GRMD dog suggest a dysfunction in the rod signaling pathway. These ERG alterations are different from those observed in human patients with DMD.
A comparison of corneal sensitivity between brachycephalic and Domestic Short‐haired cats
Authors: Blocker Tiffany , Van Der Woerdt Alexandra 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo compare sensitivity of the central and peripheral cornea of brachycephalic and Domestic Short‐haired (DSH) cats.DesignProspective study.AnimalsFifty DSH, thirteen Persian, and seven Himalayan cats.Criteria for inclusionHealthy DSH, Persian, or Himalayan cats older than 6 months, with a normal ophthalmic examination and Sno‐strip values greater than or equal to 5 mm wetting/60 s.Materials and methodsCorneal sensitivity was measured using a Cochet‐Bonnet aesthesiometer. The cornea was touched using the tip of the monofilament, decreasing the fiber length in 5 mm increments until a blink reflex occurred. Corneal touch threshold was defined as the stimulus that elicited a corneal blink reflex greater than 50% of the time.ResultsMean central and peripheral corneal touch threshold (CTT, ± SD in gm/mm2) for the DSH cats were 1.79 ± 2.33 and 5.01 ± 5.07 in the right eye (OD), and 1.74 ± 1.65 and 5.02 ± 4.55 in the left eye (OS). Mean central and peripheral CTT ± SD (gm/mm2) for the brachycephalic cats were 4.09 ± 5.29 and 6.18 ± 5.65 OD, and 3.18 ± 3.75 and 7.66 ± 6.24 OS. Statistical analysis of the data revealed a significantly higher CTT in the central (P = 0.019) and peripheral (P = 0.003) cornea of brachycephalic than DSH cats. When evaluated for gender, this difference persisted in female cats, but did not hold true for male cats. A significant difference in CTT was found between central and peripheral cornea within both groups of cats.ConclusionsThe central cornea is less sensitive in brachycephalic than DSH cats. The central cornea is more sensitive than the peripheral cornea in both brachycephalic and DSH cats.
Effects of anti‐inflammatory drugs and preservatives on morphologic characteristics and migration of canine corneal epithelial cells in tissue culture
Authors: Hendrix Diane V. H. , Ward Daniel A. , Barnhill Mary Ann 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effects of commonly used ophthalmic corticosteroids, suprofen, polysulfated glycosaminoglycan and preservatives on morphologic characteristics and migration of canine corneal epithelium grown in cell culture.Animals studiedCorneal epithelial cells harvested from the corneas of euthanized dogs were propagated in cell culture.ProceduresCanine corneal epithelium was grown in tissue culture. The cells were treated with different corticosteroids, polysulfated glycosaminoglycan, suprofen or preservatives at different concentrations after a defect was created in the monolayer. Cellular morphologic characteristics and closure of the defect were compared between test drugs and controls.ResultsMorphologically the cells treated with dexamethasone were essentially the same as controls. Prednisolone and hydrocortisone caused rounding and shrinkage of the cells. Both suprofen and polysulfated glycosaminoglycan caused no apparent changes in morphologic characteristics at the lowest concentrations tested, but at higher concentrations there was a concentration‐dependent degree of rounding and shrinkage. Benzylkonium chloride and thimerosal caused rounding and shrinkage of all the cells at all concentrations tested. Dexamethasone, hydrocortisone, and suprofen did not inhibit epithelial migration over the defects at the lowest concentrations tested. All other drugs and concentrations inhibited cellular migration.ConclusionDexamethasone affected the morphologic characteristics and migration of corneal epithelial cells less than hydrocortisone and prednisolone; therefore, dexamethasone may be the drug of choice when a corticosteroid is indicated and an epithelial defect is present. Suprofen and polysulfated glycosaminoglycan caused a concentration‐dependent effect on morphologic characteristics and migration. The preservatives caused severe changes and inhibited migration of the canine corneal epithelial cells at all concentrations and may therefore contribute to poor epithelialization of ulcers treated with preservative‐containing drugs.
Anterior lens capsule disruption and suspected malignant glaucoma in a dog
Authors: Denis Heidi M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA Boston Terrier puppy presented with a full‐thickness peripheral corneal defect, iris prolapse and anterior lens capsule tear in the left eye (OS). Phacofragmentation and primary repair of the corneal laceration was performed. At surgery, subluxation of the lens was also apparent. One day postoperative, there was severe corneal edema, diffuse hyphema, an intraocular pressure (IOP) of 65 mmHg and a small amount of vitreous that protruded from the corneal incision OS. Malignant glaucoma or pupillary block glaucoma were suspected. Intravenous mannitol was administered preoperatively and had no effect. An anterior vitrectomy was performed on the vitreous within the anterior chamber and pupil. One day postoperative the IOP was 16 mmHg in the right eye (OD) and 20 mmHg OS. Postoperative iridocyclitis was managed medically, and additional elevations in IOP were not recorded. Resolution of the elevated IOP following anterior vitrectomy was supportive of pupillary block or malignant glaucoma. Vision returned 3 weeks after the initial surgery. Two years after the initial injury, the eye is visual and comfortable with infrequent topical anti‐inflammatory therapy.
The ovipositor apparatus of basal Hymenoptera (Insecta): phylogenetic implications and functional morphology
Authors: Vilhelmsen Lars 
Published: March 2003

The skeleto‐musculature of the ovipositor apparatus and the external sculpture of the 1st and 2nd valvulae was studied in representatives from all ‘symphytan’ families. Nineteen informative characters were coded and scored. The distribution of character states are discussed with reference to recent cladistic treatments of the Hymenoptera. Putative autapomorphies of the Hymenoptera are the presence of cordate apodemes on T9 and basal articulations and associated musculature between the 2nd valvifers and the 2nd valvulae. It is a ground plan feature of the order to have the gonocoxites of abdominal segment 8 fused with the gonangula. The configuration of the musculature of the ovipositor apparatus did not display much variation among the taxa examined, except within the Pamphilioidea. There is considerable variation in the external ovipositor sculpture within the Tenthredinoidea. Putative synapomorphies for the tenthredinoid families except the Blasticotomidae are the presence of alternating strongly and weakly sclerotized zones on the first and/or second valvulae and the presence of serrulae on the sawteeth. The presence of transverse rows of large ctenidia on the 1st valvulae is an autapomorphy of the Diprionidae. Fusion of the 2nd valvifers and the 3rd valvulae is a synapomorphy for the Argidae + Pergidae. The ovipositor apparatus of the Pamphilioidea is highly derived, putative autapomorphies being the close association between T9 and the first valvifers, the reduction of the distal parts of the 1st valvulae, and the fusion of the 2nd valvulae for their entire length. The changes in the ovipositor apparatus of Pamphilioidea are associated with a decrease in the amount of work it has to perform during ovipositing, as the eggs are placed predominantly externally on the substrate. The ovipositor apparatus of the ‘Siricoidea’ is enlarged and modified for ovipositing into wood. Putative synapomorphies of the ‘Siricoidea’ + Orussidae + Apocrita are the presence of sawteeth only distally on the ovipositor and elongation of the cordate apodemes of T9.
Studies in Corinnidae: cladistic analysis of 38 corinnid and liocranid genera, and transfer of Phrurolithinae
Authors: Bosselaers Jan , Jocqué Rudy 
Published: March 2003

This paper studies the phylogeny of the spider families Liocranidae and Corinnidae as they have been delimited to date, using an exemplar approach. In the analysis, 40 species belonging to 24 liocranid and 14 corinnid genera are scored for 157 morphological characters. The genera Clubiona (Clubionidae) and Gnaphosa (Gnaphosidae) are used as outgroups. Under implied weighting, a single fittest tree is found. This hypothesis seriously challenges the presently prevailing classification of the former Clubionidae sensu lato. The subfamily Phrurolithinae (Liocranidae) turns out to be the sister group of Trachelinae and is transferred to Corinnidae. In the interest of taxonomic stability, no radical rearrangement of the families constituting Clubionidae sensu lato is proposed, as it is felt that the present results should first be further corroborated by additional, more elaborate analyses on an even larger data set. Jan Bosselaers, ‘Dochterland’, R. novarumlaan 2, B‐2340 Beerse, Belgium. E‐mail: hortipes@dochterland.org Rudy Jocqué, Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale, B‐3080 Tervuren, Belgium. E‐mail: jocque@africamuseum.be
Phytophthora infestans enters the genomics era
Authors: Birch Paul R. J. , Whisson Stephen C. 
Published: March 2003

summary Phytophthora infestans, cause of late‐blight, is the most devastating disease of potato world‐wide. Recent years have seen a dramatic intensification in molecular biological studies of P. infestans, including the development of novel tools for transformation and gene silencing and the resources for genetical, transcriptional and physical mapping of the genome. This review will focus on the increasing efforts to use these resources to discover the genetic bases of pathogenicity, avirulence and host‐specificity. Taxonomy:
Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary—Kingdom Chromista, Phylum Oomycota, Order Peronosporales, Family Peronosporaceae, Genus Phytophthora, of which it is the type species. Host range: Infects a wide range of solanaceous species. Economically important hosts are potato, tomato, eggplant and some other South American hosts (tree tomato and pear melon) on which it causes late blight. Disease symptoms: Infected foliage is initially yellow, becomes water soaked and eventually blackens. Leaf symptoms comprise purple‐black or brown‐black lesions at the leaf tip, later spreading across the leaf to the stem. Whitish masses of sporangia develop on the underside of the leaf. Tubers become infected later in the season and, in the early stages, consist of slightly brown or purple blotches on the skin. In damp soils the tuber decays rapidly before harvest. Tuber infection is quickly followed by secondary fungal or bacterial infection known as ‘wet rot’. Useful web sites:
http://www.ncgr.org/pgc/; http://www.oardc.ohio‐state.edu/phytophthora/.
Mycosphaerella graminicola: latent infection, crop devastation and genomics
Authors: Palmer Claire‐Louise , Skinner Wendy 
Published: March 2003

summary Mycosphaerella graminicola is an important pathogen of wheat, causing septoria leaf blotch disease. This review summarizes the current knowledge on disease development and control of the fungus, and discusses how molecular tools and genomics are being employed to uncover the genetic basis of pathogenicity.Taxonomy: Mycosphaerella graminicola (Fuckel) J. Schröt. in Cohn (anamorph: Septoria tritici Roberge in Desmaz.). Kingdom Fungi, Phylum Ascomycota, Class Loculoascomycetes (filamentous ascomycetes), Order Dothideales, Genus Mycosphaerella, Species graminicola.Host range: Bread and durum wheat (Triticum aestivum L. and T. turgidum ssp. durum L.) Disease symptoms: Initiating with the appearance of chlorotic flecks on leaves that develop into irregular sunken necrotic lesions peppered with tiny black spots (pycnidia). In addition to the necrotic tissue, the disease results in early leaf tissue senescence and therefore reduced photosynthetic capacity.Useful websites: <http://cogeme.ex.ac.uk>, <http://www.plant.wageningen‐ur.nl>, <http://www.paragen.com>.
Home‐based care of the terminally ill in Botswana: knowledge and perceptions
Authors: Ndaba‐Mbata R. D. , Seloilwe E. S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractKnowledge deficit is a common factor among caregivers in the home, despite efforts initiated to disseminate information on home care. Many districts in Botswana are just beginning to initiate a more structured home‐based programme, including counselling, pastoral care and training, to involve the community in providing care for their ill relatives at home. In spite of such endeavours, statistics indicate an alarming rate of readmission to hospital of patients with numerous complications, suggesting poor quality care at home. In addition, there have been anecdotal records of elderly caregivers being diagnosed as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive, indicating that transmission might have occurred during the process of care giving. This report outlines the steps in conducting a descriptive qualitative study, using grounded theory techniques, which assessed the level of knowledge available to families giving care to their terminally ill relatives at home, in a village called Mogoditshane. A sample of 15 families was selected. The inclusion criterion was that the family must have provided care for at least a 3‐month period in the home. Findings indicated that families lacked knowledge and skills for providing appropriate care, they were not aware of the resources available and they lacked professional and material support. The study recommended that a good referral and follow‐up system should be in place for effective implementation of home‐based care, with appropriate procedures for monitoring and evaluation.
Worldwide overview of critical care nursing organizations and their activities
Authors: Williams G. , Chaboyer W. , Thornsteindóttir R. , Fulbrook P. , Shelton C. , Chan D. , Wojner A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWhile critical care has been a specialty within nursing for almost 50 years, with many countries having professional organizations representing these nurses, it is only recently that the formation of an international society has been considered. A three‐phased study was planned: the aim of the first phase was to identify critical care organizations worldwide; the aim of the second was to describe the characteristics of these organizations, including their issues and activities; and the aim of the third was to plan for an international society, if international support was evident. In the first phase, contacts in 44 countries were identified using a number of strategies. In the second phase, 24 (55%) countries responded to a survey about their organizations. Common issues for critical care nurses were identified, including concerns over staffing levels, working conditions, educational programme standards and wages. Critical care nursing organizations were generally favourable towards the notion of establishing a World Federation of their respective societies. Some of the important issues that will need to be addressed in the lead up to the formation of such a federation are now being considered.
Women's health, women's health care: complicating experience, language and ideologies
Authors: McDonald Carol , McIntyre Marjorie 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIncreasingly, research in women's health and healthcare foregrounds women's experience. Despite the contribution that explorations of women's ‘lived life’ makes to our understandings, the concern of these feminist authors is the absence of in‐depth analysis of the complexity of experience and the contexts in which women's experiences of health are constituted. In this paper, authors extend current understandings of the lived life by complicating notions of knowledge, experience, language and ideologies. These ideas challenge taken‐for‐granted assumptions that underlie current women's healthcare practices, disrupting the reinscription of patriarchal ideologies and generating new possibilities for nursing practice.
Some Challenges in Modern Hair Colour Formulations
Authors: Wis‐Surel Gabriela M. 
Published: March 2003

Formulation of hair coloring product involves two stages, first a development of product base followed by formulation of desired shade. During that process a special consideration needs to be given to a whole range of product characteristics such as dye stability in the product medium, colour wearability on hair, light fading and finally rheology of the product. This paper reviews improvement in permanent coloring products as it relates to dye and base composition. Examples are shown where a reduction or elimination of certain dyes, m‐phenylenediamine or sodium picramate, improves long term stability and product performance on hair. In cases when only reduction of the dyes was carried out, improvement in stability was achieved through their use as secondary colour contributors and not as primary ones.There are also other composition aspects that impact colour performance of the final product. For example, pH of the coloring mixture has a pronounced effect on the final colour developed in hair. It is shown that a shift in tonality caused by pH change can be predicted for finished product using a simple system composed of the main coupler‐intermediate pair employed in the product. The colour response to pH change of this simple system was found to mirror that of the product. This predictability can be used as a formulation tool to develop more efficient dye systems. Effects of some functional materials on colour result such as propylene glycol, ascorbic acid or silicone are also shown.
The antidandruff efficacy of a shampoo containing piroctone olamine and salicylic acid in comparison to that of a zinc pyrithione shampoo
Authors: Lodén  , Wessman  
Published: March 2003

Synopsis Dandruff (pityriasis capitis) is a chronic scalp condition characterized by scaling and sometimes itching and redness. Shampoos containing antifungal agents are used to control the scaling condition. In the present study, two shampoos with different actives are compared in a double‐blind, randomised and bilateral study on 19 subjects. One shampoo contained piroctone olamine (0.75%) combined with salicylic acid (2%) and the other contained zinc pyrithione (1%) as active ingredient. The subjects were treated twice weekly with the shampoos for almost 4 weeks. Before each treatment the degree of dandruff was evaluated.Both shampoos were highly effective in reducing the dandruff. The combination of piroctone olamine and salicylic acid appeared to be slightly more effective than zinc pyrithione in reducing the severity and area affected by the scaling. Résumé L’état pelliculaire pityraisis capitis est une maladie chronique du cuir chevelu, caractérisée par des desquamations et dans certain cas des démangeaisons et des rougeurs. Les shampooings contenant des agents antifongiques sont utilisés pour contrôler l’état du cuir chevelu. Dans cette étude, deux shampooings aux actifs differents sont comparés dans un test bilatéral en double aveugle et au hasard sur 19 sujets. Un des shampooings contient de la piroctone olamine (0,75%) combinée avec de l’acide salicylique (2%). L’autre shampooing contient de la pyrithione zinc (1%) comme actif. Les sujets sont traités avec les shampooings deux fois par semaine pendant quatres semaines. Avant chaque traîtement, le degré de l’état pelliculaire a étéévalué.Les shampooings ont réduit de façon significative l’état pelliculaire dans les deux cas. Toutefois la combinasion piroctone olamine/acide salicylique semble être plus efficace que la pyrithione zinc tant au niveau de la severité de la maladie et de la surface affectée par la desquamation.