bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Flowrate and Pressure on the Crossflow Filtration in Textile Wastewater Treatment by Commercial UF Membrane
Authors: Chan See Yi , Chong Kok Chung , Chong Woon Chan , Lai Soon Onn , Pang Yean Ling , Mah Shee Keat 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Textile industries are one of the greatest wastewater producers as they require a significant amount of water to be used in the dyeing and finishing processes of textile manufacturing. The number of unit operations in the technological process, the product range, the bath ratio, the mass of fiber in relation to the bath volume, and the finishing machine are some variables that will affect water consumption in the textile industry. As a result, generally, a typical textile plant may consume a volume of water between 100,000 and 300,000 m3 annually. As textiles address a substantial portion of human requirements, it is predicted that by 2050, there will be 160 million metric tonnes, three times as much clothing as there is today. Membrane technology in wastewater treatment is a recent interest arising technique and garnering the industrial application’s interest, owing to its ease of setup and low energy requirement. Crossflow membrane filtration is commonly used in the industry, attributed to its tangential flow across the membrane mechanism, leading to low fouling. This study investigated the textile wastewater’s effluents using crossflow ultrafiltration (UF) membrane filtration. The effect of the operating parameter in terms of pressure and flowrate of the crossflow system were performed to evaluate it permeate flux performance. The study’s outcome reveals pressure increases from 2 bar to 4 bar, the water flux enhances dramatically from 156.26 L/m2hr to 591.98 L/m2hr, and the water flux further increases constantly from 4 bar to 10 bar. On the other hand, the flowrate positively affects the permeate flux, where the flux was enhanced from 651.01 L/m2hr to 726.08 L/m2hr when adjusting the flow rate from 2 LPM to 6 LPM. The results from this study suggested that crossflow membrane filtration system could be commercially feasible due to its permeate flux performance.
The Influence of Stilling Basin Length on Velocity Changes Using Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis
Authors: Riyanto Didit Puji , Hakim Febri Fahmi , Arisanto Pranu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
There are many ways to model hydraulic structures. Making prototype of hydraulic structures are costly, so alternative methods need to make an efficient model. Computational Fluid Dynamics is reliable to perform the variations model of hydraulic structures, which means enabling to create of many simulations without dangering people and safely at the cost. This paper discussed the influence of the stilling basin length variation on velocity changes. The stilling basin model draws on a 3-dimensional computer-aided design with three differences in length and export files as .stl. The analysis of Computational Fluid Dynamics is using Simflow open-source CFD software. The simulation is performed at a constant Flow Rate of 65 m3/s. There are three points of velocity monitoring, namely P1, P2, and P3. The position of P1 is located at the center of the stilling basin. P2 and P3 are located at the bottom and the top of the End Sill. The final stage of simulation showed that the stilling basin with the 10 meters length has a velocity at P1, P2, and P3 of 9.43, 7.16, and 5.25 m/s. Other velocity results for 9.5 meters length (P1, P2, P3) are approximately 9.55, 7.92, and 5.78 m/s. The last case using 9 meters length has results of 9.61, 8.30, and 5.83 m/s of velocity. The conclusions of the results showed that shortening the stilling basin length is affecting an increase in the velocity.
Velocity Distribution and Bed Profile Variation for Inbank Flow in a Meandering Channel
Authors: Kamal Wan Nor Afiqa Wan Mustafah , Jumain Mazlin , Ibrahim Zulkiflee , Sa’ari Radzuan , Makhtar Md Ridzuan , Jamaludin Azanni Nur Izzati , Sharom Mohamad Syukri , Ali Siti Nurhayati Mohd 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Meandering is relatively a common river planform in Malaysia. The sediments transported along the channel due to erosion and deposition are the main reason of meandering river formation. This resulted when the outer bend experienced higher velocities while lower velocities occurred at the inner bend which resulting in sedimentation processes along the river. Hydraulic characteristics in meandering river are considerably more complex and unique as compared to the straight river. Therefore, an experimental investigation was conducted in the Hydraulic Laboratory, UTM Johor Bahru to enhance the understanding of the hydraulics behaviour and morphological changes of an inbank flow in a sand bed meandering channel. Flow classification, streamwise velocity distribution and bed profile changes are addressed in this paper. The findings prevailed that the maximum velocity reduced up to 10% from the upstream to downstream due to the resistance from the meanders. Furthermore, erosion and deposition processes along the channel highly influenced by the velocity distribution. The maximum velocity shifted toward the outer and decreased at the inner of the meander resulting in the deposition and erosion. Higher erosion and deposition were observed at the outer and inner bends, respectively during high flow discharge.
Assessing Hydrological Response in the Timah-Tasoh Reservoir Sub-Catchments: Calibration and Validation using the HEC-HMS Model
Authors: Nordin N A S , Hassan Z , Noor N M , Kamarudzaman A N , Ahmadni A S A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Hydrological modelling is a tool that is frequently used for assessing the hydrological response of a basin as a result of precipitation. It is also a vital component as water resources and environmental planning management. The study deals with calibrating and validating the hydrological response in the sub-catchments of the Timah-Tasoh reservoir using the hydrological model named Hydrologic Engineering Center – Hydrologic Modelling System (HEC-HMS). This study uses the SCS Curve Number, the SCS Unit Hydrograph, the constant monthly baseflow, and lag routing for the model development. The model was simulated for ten (10) years for calibration and nine (9) years for validation. The model calibration and validation efficiency were assessed using the coefficient of correlation (R). The findings show that the HEC-HMS model performs satisfactorily in simulating the observed daily inflow series, with the R-value of 0.4902-0.5139 during calibration and 0.5047-0.5559 during validation process. Thus, the result obtained from this study can be used as a preliminary development of hydrological modelling of the catchment of the Timah-Tasoh reservoir and can be used for extend application such as water inflow forecasting, impact of land use to the reservoir and others.
Assessing the Influence of Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) Changes on Hydrological Response of the Timah-Tasoh Reservoir
Authors: Nordin N A S , Hassan Z , Noor N M , Kamarudzaman A N , Ahmadni A S A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Changing patterns in land use and land cover (LULC) is potentially due to development pressure. Due to the increase in LULC change, it alters natural ecosystems and changing the composition of the natural ecosystem services. This study provides evidence to support the hypothesis that LULC can influence both inflow and discharge. The objectives of the study were to measure the impact of LULC change on inflow of the Timah-Tasoh reservoir. The study area land cover was reclassified into five categories which included agriculture, built-up areas, forest, vacant land, and water bodies. Based on the effect of LULC on hydrological response, it is observed that the catchment is not sensitive to changes in LULC. Two mains of LULC scenarios were used including deforestation and afforestation. With an increase in CN to 89.26 (deforestation), the inflow rate increases by 2% (342.20 m3/s) compared to the present inflow rate. Meanwhile, the inflow rate will decrease to 0.21% (334.80 m3/s) if the CN value is 80.02 (afforestation). Thus, by using this study’s results, a better method and parameters compatible with another hydrological modelling can be developed for future study.
Hydrological Modelling with HEC-HMS in Krueng Peudada Sub-Watershed Bireuen Regency
Authors: Akmal  , Yulia  , Khaira Husnul 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The flood that occurred in Krueng Peudada was influenced by several factors, such as watershed conditions. Heavy rains caused Krueng Peudada to overflow so that a number of villages adjacent to the river were submerged. Based on these problems, to minimize the occurrence of flooding in Krueng Peudada building, namely by carrying out occurrence of flooding in Krueng Peudada to be used to obtain peak discharge as a reference in building planning in Krueng Peudada using HEC-HMS (Hydrologic Engineering Center’s Hydrologic Modelling System). The benefit of the research is that the resulting model can be useful as a guide in calculating flood discharge considerations. The scope of this research includes the research location at Krueng Peudada using annual maximum daily rainfall data, calculating the return period of rainfall using of Gumbel probability distribution, Normal Log, Normal, and Pearson III Log as the basis for calculating the discharge and continuing the calculation of the hours with Manonobe and ABM. The results of calculations of the Nakayasu Synthetic Unit Hydrograph Method and running from HEC-HMS found that the flow that occurred in the Krueng Peudada two sub-watershed was 2903m3/second and 2723,0 m3/second, it can be concluded that in determining watershed management the flood discharge obtainded has error as much as 6,2%. The difference in the results obtained is due to the number of sub-watersheds in the watershed based on different flows and the value of the curve number for each area of the sub-watershed.
Evaluation of Changes in the Function of Green Open Spaces in Public Facilities in the City of Banda Aceh (Case Study: Blang Padang Field Area)
Authors: Marlina Henny , Aini Qurratul 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The existence of the Blang Padang Field as a green open space (RTH) in Banda Aceh City based on its natural weight, is included in the category of non-natural areas or built areas. This built area has ecological, social and recreational functions for the surrounding community in Banda Aceh City. This area is used as a tourism zone and public open space, where this area is often used as a gathering location or meeting friends for people who live and visit the city of Banda Aceh. People usually enjoy the atmosphere of the Blang Padang field by spreading mats or sitting directly on the green grass. Based on the type of open space, the Blang Padang field is included in the public open space category. According to the Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/Head of the National Land Agency of the Republic of Indonesia Number 14 of 2022, the proportion of green public open space in the city park consisting of at least 85% green cover and the rest being environmentally friendly non-green cover. This proportion can provide a balanced urban ecosystem which can increase the availability of clean air needed by people in urban areas. In addition, clean air can also increase the value of the beauty and comfort of a city. The condition of the Blang Padang Field area is currently starting to be used as an area of economic activity, causing a decrease in ecological quality, such as increasing air temperature and urban environmental pollution. The focus of this research is to evaluate the percentage of pavement area and green area in the Blang Padang Field area. The results can determine changes in function that occur in green open space in the area. The research method used is descriptive quantitative method. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, interviews, literature studies and documentation studies. The results showed that the area of Blang Padang is 95,521m2 (9.5 Ha). The pavement area is 28,442m2 (2.8 Ha) with a percentage of 29.77% of the total area. Based on the results obtained, the most concerning factor is the increase in the permanent pavement area. The use of pavement on the Blang Padang field has exceeded the minimum required limit. The pavement area is used as parking facilities for both two- and four-wheeled wheels, culinary facilities and sports facilities.
Safety Practice Assessment Plan Review in Railway Engineering Industrial Towards Sustainable Construction
Authors: Chinniah Yugeswaran , Norsyakilah Romeli , Soleha Abdul Rahim Nur , Amierah Harun Nur , Afiq Abd Ghapar Muhammad Aizat 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The emerging growth of the universal railway development has inspired many nations, including Malaysia, as a crucial strategy for construction sustainable by improving the domestic transportation network and boost economic competitiveness. It serves as the foundation of a city’s public transportation system, to convey huge numbers of people effectively. An organization’s sustainable development strategy should be examined in conjunction with other factors such, occupational safety, and health. Hence, implementation safety practice assessment plan review in railway engineering industrial towards sustainable construction is important. This study was focused on the objectives of (i) to identify safety practice assessment for improvement strategy in railway industrial engineering, (ii) to investigate safety practice assessment challenges in railway engineering industry, and (iii) to analyses safety practice assessment elements in railway engineering industrial. There are 20 journals listed, with 100 articles selected articles were dissected and then the variables on challenges in safety practice has been identified. From the results of the framework, recommendation to improve safety practice assessment plan for future railway engineering industrial to sustain construction can establish. Thus, the research will be helpful for them to understand better upon the procedures and possible safety issues, and able to practice safety procedures to avoid undesired accidents to assist Malaysian construction sustainability. In addition, for the existing literatures, this research will be an additional input for the lacking details related to safety practices in railway project sites.
Soil Contamination Assessment at Pasir Gudang Industrial Area
Authors: Lat Diana Che , Mat Yusof Doris Asmani , Rashid Ammar Mohd , Yasin Mohd Hanafie , Hamid Hazrul Abdul , Razali Roslizayati , Ali Nazri , Jais Ismacahyadi Bagus Mohamed 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The problem of soil contamination around industrial areas in recent years might be due to arbitrary industrialization, unproper irrigation practices, modern industrialization practices, and the indiscriminate use of fertilizer and pesticides that contribute to environmental degradation. Such anthropogenic activity always results in depletion of soil and water quality, such as deterioration of soil quality and pollution of soil and surface water, which result in a variety of health hazards. Therefore, there is a need to study a comprehensive approach to land quality issues in industrial areas. In this study, contamination indices and soil quality guidelines were used to evaluate the contamination status of soils around the Pasir Gudang industrial area. Soil samples were collected at the selected locations near industrial, riverside, residential, and educational areas. The data generated in the current study will be very useful for safe monitoring of the area by authorities and planners in land resource management.
Elucidation of the Influence of Construction Waste Causative Factors and Strategies towards Sustainable Construction Waste Management Improvement
Authors: Ishak Nurfadzillah , Azizan Muhammad Azizi , Rahim Nur Soleha Abdul , Harun Nur Amierah 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The uncontrolled generation of construction waste happened due to the rapid development of the construction industry become one of the significant environmental issues in Malaysia. Therefore, sustainability was applied in construction waste management strategies. Sustainability in construction waste management emphasized the relevance of co-development in the economy, environment, and society and helped to achieve harmony in the economy, environment, and society. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aims to identify the causative factors of construction waste, determine the construction waste management strategies, and discover the relationship between the causative factors of construction waste and construction waste management strategies towards sustainable construction waste management improvement. In this regard, this research was conducted quantitatively using the questionnaire as a research medium to obtain feedback from the construction organizations on the causative factors and management strategies of construction waste towards sustainable construction waste management improvement. The developed questionnaire was distributed via a virtual method among project managers as representatives of construction organizations operating in Penang. As a result, 29.6 percent of the response rate was accepted. The analysis showed that the management factor, regulation factor and prevention strategy was important factors and strategies for sustainable construction waste management improvement and found that there was a strong relationship between them. Finally, this research outlined strategies to achieve sustainable construction waste management improvement in the construction industry and create a better environment.
Relationships between Air Pollutants and Meteorological Factors during Southwest and Northeast Monsoon at Urban Areas in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Ramli Norazrin , Rubini Mahiesha , Noor Norazian Mohamed 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
People who currently live in urban areas are subjected to significantly higher levels of exposure to air pollution. Pollutant concentrations in the air change according to the weather, the locations of the many sources of pollution, and the topography of the area. This study examines the link between meteorological parameters (ambient temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed) and daily air pollutant concentrations in four monitoring stations at Peninsular Malaysian cities (Seberang Perai, Pasir Gudang, Batu Muda, and Kemaman) during southwest and northeast monsoon. Pearson Correlation Analysis analyzed air quality data over two years (January 2016 - January 2018). The study found that PM10 concentrations were highest at all monitoring locations. At all monitoring locations, climatic parameters correlated with NO2, PM10, and CO. Air pollution and meteorological conditions correlate weakly to moderately during the southwest monsoon. The investigation found that weather conditions affect O3 most during the dry season. CO and climatic parameters correlated weakly at all four monitoring stations during the northeast monsoon. PM10 correlated positively with ambient temperature and negatively with relative humidity and wind speed at all four stations. The northeast monsoon correlation values were weak to moderate. This study will help officials identify optimal air pollution controls for metropolitan areas during monsoon seasons in line with SDG-11, which promotes sustainable cities and communities.
3D modeling of normal skin and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. A comparative study in 2D cultures, spheroids, and 3D bioprinted systems
Authors: Kurzyk Agata , Szumera-Ciećkiewicz Anna , Miłoszewska Joanna , Chechlińska Magdalena 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The current cancer research and drug testing are primarily based on 2D cell cultures and animal models. However, these methods have limitations and yield distinct drug response patterns. This study addressed this gap by developing an innovative in vitro human three-dimensional (3D) normal skin model and a multicellular model of human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) using 3D bioprinting technology. Comparative analyzes were performed between bioprinted 3D-cSCC model, consisting of HaCaT keratinocytes, primary normal human dermal fibroblasts and A431 cancer cells (tricellular), bioprinted 3D-A431 model composed of A431 cancer cells only (monocellular), A431 cancer cell spheroids, and conventional 2D models. The models were structurally characterized by light microscopy, immunofluorescence (LIVE/DEAD assay, confocal microscopy) and immunohistochemistry (hematoxylin/eosin, p63, vimentin, Ki67, epidermal growth factor receptor stainings). The spatial arrangement of the 3D models was analyzed using the ARIVIS scientific image analysis platform. All models were also functionally assessed by cetuximab (CTX) response testing with the MTS assay. 3D-cSCC models were maintained for up to 16 weeks. Morphological and histological examinations confirmed the presence of skin-like layers in the bioprinted 3D models of normal skin, and the intricate and diverse features of the bioprinted skin cancer model, replicating the critical in vivo characteristics. In both mono- and tricellular bioprinted tumor constructs, there was a gradual formation and continuous growth of spheroid-like clusters of cancer cells, significantly influencing the morphology of the models. Cancer cells in the 3D bioprinted constructs showed reduced sensitivity to CTX compared to spheroids and 2D cultures. This study underscores the potential of 3D multicellular models in elucidating drug responses and gaining a better understanding the intricate interplay of cellular components within the tumor microenvironment. Developing the multicellular 3D tumor model paves the way for new research critical to advancing fundamental cancer research and future clinical applications, particularly drug response testing.
Effect of antenna helicity on discharge characteristics of helicon plasma under a divergent magnetic field
Authors: SUN 孙 Meng 萌 , XU 徐 Xiaofang 晓芳 , WANG 王 Chenwen 陈文 , YIN 尹 Xianyi 贤轶 , CHEN 陈 Qiang 强 , ZHANG 张 Haibao 海宝 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The characteristics of the blue core phenomenon observed in a divergent magnetic field helicon plasma are investigated using two different helical antennas, namely right-handed and left-handed helical antennas. The mode transition, discharge image, spatial profiles of plasma density and electron temperature are diagnosed using a Langmuir probe, a Nikon D90 camera, an intensified charge-coupled device camera and an optical emission spectrometer, respectively. The results demonstrated that the blue core phenomenon appeared in the upstream region of the discharge tube at a fixed magnetic field under both helical antennas. However, it is more likely to appear in a right-handed helical antenna, in which the plasma density and ionization rate of the helicon plasma are higher. The spatial profiles of the plasma density and electron temperature are also different in both axial and radial directions for these two kinds of helical antenna. The wavelength calculated based on the dispersion relation of the bounded whistler wave is consistent with the order of magnitude of plasma length. It is proved that the helicon plasma is part of the wave mode discharge mechanism.