bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supramolecular Structures of Titanium(IV)‐Substituted Wells–Dawson Polyoxotungstates
Authors: Kortz Ulrich , Hamzeh Shadia S. , Nasser Niveen A. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe novel, dimeric titanium(IV)‐substituted phosphotungstate [(TiP2W15O55OH)2]14− (1) has been synthesized and characterized by IR and 31P NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and single‐crystal Xray diffraction. The polyanion consists of two [P2W15O56]12− Wells–Dawson moieties linked through two titanium(IV) centers. Polyanion 1 is a dilacunary species and represents the first Ti‐containing sandwich‐type structure. The titanium centers are octahedrally coordinated by three oxygen atoms of each P2W15O56 subunit. The edge‐shared TiO6 units are symmetrically equivalent and have no terminal ligands. Polyanion 1 shows a chiral distortion within each P2W15Ti fragment. We also report on the structural characterization of the tetrameric, supramolecular species [{Ti3P2W15O57.5(OH)3}4]24− (2). Polyanion 2 is composed of four equivalent P2W15Ti3 fragments, fused together through terminal TiO bonds, leading to a structure with Td symmetry.
The prevalence of dementia in a metropolitan city of South Korea
Authors: Kim Jungsoon , Jeong Ihnsook , Chun Jin‐Ho , Lee Suill 
Published: June 2003

AbstractBackgroundThere are few studies on the prevalence of dementia in South Korea. This study was designed to estimate the prevalence rate of dementia in a metropolitan city of South Korea, Busan.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional epidemiological study of 1101 residents aged 65 or over in a metropolitan city (Busan) as of 31 December 2001 who were selected with the stratified three‐stage cluster sampling. Dementia was assessed by two‐stage examination with Mini‐Mental State Examination—Korean version (MMSE‐K), psychometric measures and the Barthel index. Crude and sex‐age adjusted prevalence rate were obtained.ResultsThe crude rate was 7.4% (men 2.4%, women 10.5%). The sex‐age adjusted rate was 7.0% (men 2.5%, women 9.0%) and 8.0% (men 2.7%, women 10.0%) when adjusted with Busan and whole Korean population, respectively.ConclusionThese results were lower than those of other domestic studies. This is the first well‐designed total‐population based epidemiologic study on the prevalence rate of dementia of the aged residing in Busan city. Further studies for evaluating the relationships with type and severity of dementia are needed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Removal of phosphates from aqueous solutions by using bauxite II: the activation study
Authors: Altundoǧan H Soner , Tümen Fikret 
Published: June 2003

AbstractIn this study, acid treatment and heat treatment methods have been investigated in order to enhance the phosphate adsorption capacity of bauxite. For this purpose, a series of bauxites treated with 0.1–1.0 M HCl and another one heated at various temperatures between 200 and 1000 °C were subjected to standardized orthophosphate adsorption tests. Besides determining chemical and mineralogical compositions, TGA and DTA were performed and point of zero net proton charge (PZNPC), surface area, mean particle size and porosity were measured for selected samples. The results have shown that the acid treatment of bauxite has a negative effect on the phosphate adsorption capability. On the other hand, it has been observed that the phosphate adsorption capacity of bauxite could be increased by heating. The optimum heating temperature was determined as 600 °C. Bauxite heated at 600 °C exhibited about an eight‐fold increase in surface area compared with raw bauxite. The results showed that the activation of bauxite occurred via dehydration of boehmite and diaspore, being the hydrated mineral phases. Maximum adsorption efficiencies for ortho‐, tripoly‐ and glycerophosphates were achieved in the slightly acidic pH range. It was found that the adsorption capacities of thermally‐activated bauxite for all phosphate species investigated were higher than that of raw bauxite. But the increase in adsorption efficiency is not proportional to the increase in specific surface area. It was found that the relative adsorptivity of phosphate species investigated is in the order of orthophosphate > tripoly(phosphate) > glycerophosphate. In addition, it was found that the desorption trends of these phosphate species were similar to the results obtained for raw bauxite. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Responses of phosphatases and arylsulfatase in soils to liming and tillage systems
Authors: Ekenler Mine , Tabatabai M. A. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThis study was carried out to investigate the long‐term influence of lime application and tillage systems (no‐till, ridge‐till, and chisel plow) on the activities of phosphatases and arylsulfatase in soils at four research sites in Iowa, USA. The activities of the following enzymes were studied: acid and alkaline phosphatases, phosphodiesterase, and arylsulfatase at their optimal pH values. With the exception of acid phosphatase, which was significantly (P< 0.001) but negatively correlated with soil pH (rranged from –0.65** to –0.98***), the activities of other enzymes were significantly (P< 0.001) and positively correlated with soil pH, withrvalues ranging from 0.65** to 0.99*** for alkaline phosphatase, from 0.79*** to 0.97*** for phosphodiesterase, and from 0.66*** to 0.97*** for arylsulfatase. The Δ activity/Δ pH values were calculated to determine the sensitivity of each enzyme to changes in soil pH. Acid phosphatase was the most sensitive and arylsulfatase the least sensitive to changes in soil pH. Activities of the enzymes were greater in the 0 – 5 cm depth samples than those in 0 – 15 cm samples under no‐till treatment. With the exception of acid phosphatase, enzyme activities were mostly significantly (P< 0.001) and positively correlated with microbial biomass C (Cmic), withrvalues ranging from 0.28 (not significant) to 0.83*** and with microbial biomass N (Nmic), withrvalues ranging from 0.31 (not significant) to 0.94***. Liming and tillage systems significantly affected the activities of some enzymes but not others, as was evident from the specific activity values (g ofp‐nitrophenol released kg–1Corgh–1).
Dynamic of different C and N fractions in a Cambisol under five year succession fallow in Saxony (Germany)
Authors: Landgraf Dirk , Böhm Christian , Makeschin Franz 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe dynamic of different soil C and N fractions in a Cambisol under succession fallow was investigated from June 1996 until May 2001. Mineral soil samples (0 – 10 and 10 – 30 cm) were analyzed for their concentrations of organic C (Corg), total N (Nt), hot water extractable C and N (HWC and HWN), and KCl extractable C and N (Corg(KCl), Norg(KCl), NH4+‐N, NO3–‐N). The values of all C and N fractions revealed a distinct depth gradient. While the concentrations of Corg increased after set aside significantly from 7.7 to 8.9 g kg–1 at 0 – 10 cm, those at 10 – 30 cm depth decreased from 7.2 to 6.1 g kg–1. Nt remained rather constant throughout the whole observation period. The HWC concentrations increased from 0.33 to 0.49 g kg–1, while HWN decreased slightly at 0 – 10 cm with time. In contrast, both HWC and HWN increased at 10 – 30 cm soil depth. HWC showed close significant correlations to Corg, and HWN to Nt as well as to NH4+‐N and NO3–‐N, respectively. In comparison to hot water‐extractable C and N, Corg(KCl) and Norg(KCl) accounted only about one tenth of those and showed a decreasing trend with time of succession. C : N ratio of the KCl fraction was in the same order of magnitude as the HWC : HWN ratio, except the last phase of the experiment where hot water extract values increased above 10.
Omental free‐tissue transfer: Indications and results from personal experience
Authors: Ciuce Constantin , Seddiq Faghed , Fodor Marius , Constantinescu Dan , Todoran Marian , Andercou Aurel , Demco Dana 
Published: June 2003

AbstractBetween 1987–2002, omental free‐tissue transfer was used in 11 patients, aged 6–65 years (mean age, 37.6). The omentum was used for the treatment of brachial plexus injury pain (3 cases), Romberg's disease (1 case), defects of the extremities occurring with chronic obstructive arterial disease (2 cases), posttraumatic lesions (3 cases), and following oncological resections (2 cases). In 2 cases, omental tissue represented the secondary option, after the failure of muscular tissue transfer. In 2 patients, the omental tissue transfer helped to preserve the knee. There was 1 failure, followed by amputation of the thigh. Two patients died from their underlying disease 10 and 36 months, respectively, after the operation. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 23:198–205 2003
Preparation and characterization of polypropylene/silver nanocomposite fibers
Authors: Yeo Sang Young , Jeong Sung Hoon 
Published: June 2003

AbstractBicomponent sheath‐core fibers were prepared by a general melt‐spinning method with polypropylene chips and silver nanoparticles. The melt‐spun fibers were characterized by DSC, WAXS and SEM. The antibacterial effect was evaluated by an AATCC 100 test, a quantitative method. The results of the DSC thermogram and the intensity pattern of X‐ray diffraction indicated that the crystallinity of polypropylene including silver nanoparticles was slightly decreased compared with that of pure polypropylene fibers. SEM micrographs showed that the average diameter of the silver nanoparticles was approximately 30 nm and some particles had aggregated. The fibers, which contained silver in the core part, did not show antibacterial effects. Fibers with added silver in the sheath part, however, exhibited excellent antibacterial effects. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Plasma‐modified poly(vinyl alcohol) membranes for the dehydrationof ethanol
Authors: Rafik M , Mas A , Guimon M‐F , Guimon C , Elharfi A , Schué F 
Published: June 2003

AbstractNon‐porous poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) membranes prepared by a cast‐evaporating technique were covered with an allyl alcohol or acrylic acid plasma‐polymerized layer. The wettability and the surface energy, as well as the chemical nature of the deposit, were assigned by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The ability of the modified membranes for dehydrating the water/ethanol azeotropic mixture by pervaporation was studied at 25, 40 and 60 °C. The best selectivity (α = 250 at 25 °C) was obtained in the case of the allyl alcohol plasma treatment. The results obtained are discussed on the basis of the hydrophilicity as well as in terms of the weakly crosslinked superficial layer that favoured the membrane swelling. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Shotgun collision‐induced dissociation of peptides using a time of flight mass analyzer
Authors: Purvine Samuel , Eppel* Jason‐Thomas , Yi Eugene C. , Goodlett David R. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractParallel collision‐induced dissociation (CID) of peptides rather than serial, as is customary, results in loss of the obvious parent‐fragment ion lineage available from CID on a single ion. We report proof‐of‐principle results suggesting the feasibility of parallel peptide CID, referred to here as shotgun CID, for protein identification when using the measured mass accuracies available from a time of flight mass analyzer and currently available search routines such as SEQUEST. Additionally, we report that parent‐fragment ion lineage may be reconstructed from information encoded in the chromatographic single ion current traces of peptides.
Popitam: Towards new heuristic strategies to improve protein identification from tandem mass spectrometry data
Authors: Hernandez Patricia , Gras Robin , Frey Julien , Appel Ron D. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractIn recent years, proteomics research has gained importance due to increasingly powerful techniques in protein purification, mass spectrometry and identification, and due to the development of extensive protein and DNA databases from various organisms. Nevertheless, current identification methods from spectrometric data have difficulties in handling modifications or mutations in the source peptide. Moreover, they have low performance when run on large databases (such as genomic databases), or with low quality data, for example due to bad calibration or low fragmentation of the source peptide. We present a new algorithm dedicated to automated protein identification from tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data by searching a peptide sequence database. Our identification approach shows promising properties for solving the specific difficulties enumerated above. It consists of matching theoretical peptide sequences issued from a database with a structured representation of the source MS/MS spectrum. The representation is similar to the spectrum graphs commonly used by de novo sequencing software. The identification process involves the parsing of the graph in order to emphazise relevant sections for each theoretical sequence, and leads to a list of peptides ranked by a correlation score. The parsing of the graph, which can be a highly combinatorial task, is performed by a bio‐inspired algorithm called Ant Colony Optimization algorithm.
β‐elimination: An unexpected artefact in proteome analysis
Authors: Herbert Ben , Hopwood Femia , Oxley David , McCarthy John , Laver Matt , Grinyer J. , Goodall A. , Williams Keith , Castagna Annalisa , Righetti Pier Giorgio 
Published: June 2003

AbstractTwo persistent myths, ingrained in the electrophoretic literature of the last thirty years, namely carbamylation and deamidation, have been recently dispelled (Herbertet al.,J. Proteome Res. 2002, in press). We report here, for the first time, a noxious and unexpected artefact in proteome analysis: β‐elimination (or desulfuration), which results on the loss of an H2S group (34 Da) from cysteine (Cys) residues for protein focusing in the alkaline pH region. With such an elimination event, a dehydro alanine residue is generated at the Cys site. In turn, the presence of a double bond in this position elicits lysis of the peptide bond, generating a number of peptides of fairly large size from an intact protein. The first process seems to be favored by the electric field, probably due to the continuous harvesting of the SH‐anion produced. The only remedy found to this noxious degradation pathway is the reduction and alkylation of all Cys residues prior to their exposure to the electric field. Alkylation appears to substantially reduce both β‐elimination and the subsequent amido bond lysis.
Performance of hospital-at-home after a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Wilson Andrew , Parker Hilda , Wynn Alison , Spiers Nicky 
Published: June 2003

Objective: To compare the performance of an admission-avoidance hospital-at-home scheme one year after the end of a randomised trial with its performance during the trial. Methods: Observational study of patients admitted to the scheme during a period of 12-19 months after the trial ended. In addition to routine data from service records, patients were interviewed at three days, two weeks and three months after admission, using the same instruments as used in the trial. Results: All 78 patients admitted to hospital-at-home during the follow-up period were included, and compared with the 95 patients admitted during the trial. The referral rate to hospital-at-home was the same (11 per month) as during the trial. During the trial, patients were randomised to hospital-at-home or hospital, meaning that hospital-at-home worked at about double the trial volume in the post-trial period. Baseline characteristics showed no statistically significant differences except that post-trial patients were less cognitively impaired. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in survival at two weeks and three months, or in Barthel index, Sickness Impact Profile 68 and Philadelphia Geriatric Morale Scale. Length of stay in hospital-at-home was significantly shorter in the post-trial period (median of five days versus seven, P < 0.001), and more patients received a visit from their general practitioner during the period of admission (54% versus 38%, P = 0.04); otherwise there were no significant differences in process measures. Conclusion: Apart from working at higher volume and achieving a shorter length of stay, performance of the hospital-at-home scheme a year after the trial ended was little different from that reported during the trial. This is an example of an observational study providing evidence to support the generalisability of trial findings.
The Patient Information Advisory Group and the use of patient-identifiable data
Authors: Higgins Joan 
Published: June 2003

Patient confidentiality has been a matter of concern in the English National Health Service (NHS) for many years. A number of recent events have triggered the demand for a more concerted programme of change to eliminate the use of patient-identifiable data and to devise more acceptable alternatives. The Caldicott Committee, in 1997, set out the case for change and legislation in 1998 (the Data Protection Act and Human Rights Act) and emphasised the need for urgent action. A number of public inquiries into failures of care in the NHS (at Bristol Royal Infirmary and Alder Hey Hospital) pointed to the failure to seek consent as a major issue for the NHS. Whilst accepting the need for change, the Government, in drafting the Health and Social Care Act 2001, allowed for the fact that some organisations and individuals would need time to move towards anonymisation of data (reversible or irreversible) or to obtain patient consent. Under Section 60 of the Act it established the Patient Information Advisory Group (PIAG). PIAG advises government ministers on circumstances in which the continued use of patient-identifiable data should be permitted, as a temporary measure. PIAG faces a number of challenges as it develops its programme of work: how to maintain the pace of change towards anonymisation, how to ensure compliance with the law, how or whether to share information across organisational boundaries in the interests of citizens, how consent should be obtained and how to achieve “joined up” working across those organisations that are charged with promoting confidentiality and privacy.
Privacy and the secondary use of data for health research: experience in Canada and suggested directions forward
Authors: Willison Donald 
Published: June 2003

This paper has three parts. The first part describes developments in the use of personal information for health research in Canada, challenges in responding to new data protection legislation and the work of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research in assisting the research community to adapt to these developments. The second part critiques two aspects of the stakeholder analysis posited in William Lowrance's report: the lack of an analysis of researchers'interests as distinct from those of society at large, and the framing of privacy as an individual interest. I argue for recasting the privacy and research tension as a values conflict between two societal goods and not an individual versus a societal interest, and for explicitly acknowledging researchers’ interests as data users. In so doing, there is no clear trump of privacy or research, and greater importance is placed upon the weighing of benefits and risks of individual studies to determine whether the waiving of consent for a particular study or programme of research is justified. The third part makes specific suggestions as to future ways in which data use practices may evolve. I argue the need to engage the public in deliberating the broad parameters under which personal information will be used, as the public collectively has a major stake in this issue and their input provides legitimacy for these uses of information. In addition, given the proliferation of prospectively-developed databases for research purposes, a “systems” approach for obtaining consent for participation to replace the current study-by-study recruitment of individuals is appropriate.
A new flashbulb memory model applied to the Marmara earthquake
Authors: Er Nurhan 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThis study was based on the recollections of people who experienced the Marmara earthquake and those who had no direct experience with it but only heard it on the news. Four models of flashbulb memory (the photographic model, the comprehensive model, the emotional‐integrative model and the importance‐driven emotional reactions model) were compared in the study. Findings indicated that the importance‐driven emotional reactions model provided a better fit to the data than the others for victim and comparison groups. In order to verify the accuracy and consistency of flashbulb memories, a small sub‐sample of participants from both groups was tested twice after the first anniversary of the quake. The results indicated that the Marmara earthquake was accurately recalled and flashbulb memories about the event are consistent after a delay of one year. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Remembering dreamt and actual experiences
Authors: Kemp Simon , Burt Christopher D. B. , Sheen Mercedes 
Published: June 2003

AbstractWe investigated confusions of dreams and real events and the perceived and remembered qualities of the two types of experience. Studies 1 and 2 indicated that many people report occasional confusions of dreams and reality. In Study 3 diarists recorded brief descriptions of their dreamt and actual experiences over a 3‐month period, and later classified the experiences and rated their qualities. There were few confusions of dreamt and real experiences, although independent raters sometimes could not distinguish them on the basis of the descriptions. The qualities of the memories for the two types of experience were often different and discriminant function analysis of these qualities classified the experiences rather well, although not as well as the diarists. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Small feedback‐based decisions and their limited correspondence to description‐based decisions
Authors: Barron Greg , Erev Ido 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe present paper explores situations in which the information available to decision makers is limited to feedback concerning the outcomes of their previous decisions. The results reveal that experience in these situations can lead to deviations from maximization in the opposite direction of the deviations observed when the decisions are made based on a description of the choice problem. Experience was found to lead to a reversed common ratio/certainty effect, more risk seeking in the gain than in the loss domain, and to an underweighting of small probabilities. Only one of the examined properties of description‐based decisions, loss aversion, seems to emerge robustly in these ‘feedback‐based’ decisions. These results are summarized with a simple model that illustrates that all the unique properties of feedback‐based decisions can be a product of a tendency to rely on recent outcomes. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman spectroscopic study of spatial distribution of propolis in comb of Apis mellifera carnica (Pollm.)
Authors: Strehle M. A. , Jenke F. , Fröhlich B. , Tautz J. , Riederer M. , Kiefer W. , Popp J. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractMicro‐Raman spectroscopy and Raman mapping are applied to investigate the spatial distribution and chemical composition of wax and propolis in the comb of Apis mellifera carnica (Pollm). A thick layer of propolis at the rim of some cells is identified by Raman spectroscopy. Raman mapping is applied to resolve the distribution of propolis and wax on a micron scale. Both components are connected at the rim of the cell with a mixture of wax and propolis. A layer of almost pure propolis is found on top of the mixture. It appears that even in the mixture, where both components come into close contact, the propolis and the wax remain separated and keep their chemical identity. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Biospectroscopy) 72: 000–000, 2003