bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vajinal Enfeksiyon Tedavisinde Kullanılan Probiyotikler ve Klinik Kanıt Düzeyleri
Authors: Şen Fazilet 
Published: December 2023

Vajinit, üreme çağındaki kadınlarda en sık görülen jinekolojik hastalıktır. Vajinitlerde çoğunlukla sebep enfeksiyöz bir mikroorganizma iken, nadiren atrofi, alerji, irritasyon, atopi ve inflamasyon da vajinite neden olmaktadır. Semptomlar çoğunlukla; vajinal akıntı, vulvada kaşıntı, tahriş ve kötü koku şeklindedir. Bakteriyel vajinozis (BV) sonrası genellikle endometrit ve pelvik inflamatuar hastalık gibi komplikasyonlar gelişirken, gebelikte oluşan vajinitler koryoamniyonit, erken membran rüptürü, erken doğum ve düşük gibi komplikasyonlara sebep olabilmektedir. Semptomatik vajinitler sonrası gelişen bu ciddi komplikasyonlar, vajinitte etkin tedavinin önemini göstermektedir.
Vajinit vakalarında öncelikle etkene yönelik antimikrobiyal tedavi başlanmaktadır. BV tedavisinde genellikle oral veya intravajinal metronidazol veya klindamisin tercih edilirken; vulvovajinal kandidiyazisin tedavisinde ise oral flukonazol veya topikal azol içeren preparatlar önerilmektedir. Bununla birlikte kısıtlı sayıda, yüksek kanıt düzeyine sahip, kaliteli klinik çalışmalar vajinitte probiyotik tedavisinin oldukça faydalı olduğunu göstermiştir. Tedavide tam kür sağlanması ve nüksün önlenmesi adına antimikrobiyal tedavi sonrası fizyolojik vajinal ekosistemin yeniden optimize edilmesi amacıyla özellikle laktobasil içeren probiyotiklerle replasman tedavisi önerilmektedir.
Kullanımı oldukça kolay ve güvenilir olan bu probiyotiklerin, klinik olarak standardizasyonunun sağlanması ve kullanım kılavuzlarının oluşturulabilmesi için yüksek kaliteli ve çok sayıda hastayı içeren daha fazla klinik araştırmaya ihtiyaç vardır.
AKTUALISASI LITERASI BAHASA ARAB BAGI GURU PAI UNTUK MENUNJANG KOMPETENSI PAEDAGOGIK PERSPEKTIF UMAR BIN KHATTAB
Authors: Rochmat Cecep Sobar , Susanti Cela Petty , Maulaya Rosendah Dwi 
Published: December 2023

The profile of Islamic education teachers is those who teach learners and society by referring to the Quran and Hadith as the main sources. Understanding and teaching the Qur'an and Hadith certainly requires mastery of Arabic literacy. Also, the scope of PAI material itself, be it Qur'anic Hadith, Jurisprudence, Akidah Akhlak and SKI lessons can never be separated from the use of Arabic word terms. As is known, Arabic is the heart of learning Islam. However, what if the teacher does not have Arabic literacy skills. Of course, PAI teachers will find it difficult to interpret PAI materials that correlate with the Qur'an and Sunnah. If the professionalism of mastering knowledge is lacking, then how to internalize PAI material to the affective and psychomotor realms in students if the cognitive aspects alone fail to be conveyed. This study aims to explain the actualization of PAI teachers who master Arabic literacy. The research method used is qualitative research with literature studies. The findings show that teaching PAI material requires passion and soul. Especially when explaining Arabic terms. Teachers who read and explain the translation only in the book when teaching PAI, the learning process will feel dry due to lack of meaning. Because PAI material is closely related to Arabic terms, the Arabic literacy ability of PAI teachers is very important to have as a form of self-actualization when teaching PAI material.
ANALISIS EFEKTIVITAS PENAGIHAN DENGAN USULAN PENGHAPUSAN PIUTANG PAJAK DALAM RANGKA OPTIMALISASI PENERIMAAN NEGARA DI KPP MADYA BANDAR LAMPUNG TAHUN 2022
Authors: Perwiranisa Karista , Subagio  
Published: December 2023

Sumber terbesar penerimaan negara Indonesia adalah penerimaan pajak. Dalam proses bisnis dan ketentuan perpajakan, terdapat piutang pajak yakni sejumlah uang yang menjadi potensi penerimaan pajak. Dalam rangka menjaga dan meningkatkan penerimaan negara, perlu diketahui bagaimana tingkat efektivitas penagihan piutang pajak sebagai realisasi atas potensi penerimaan pajak. Selain itu, piutang pajak yang tidak dapat ditagih kembali, berdasarkan ketentuan perundang-undangan dapat dihapuskan. Untuk itu, urgensi dan pelaksanaan penghapusan piutang pajak juga perlu menjadi perhatian agar potensi penerimaan negara tidak hilang dengan sia-sia. Korelasi antara tingkat efektivitas penagihan piutang pajak dan proses usulan penghapusan piutang pajak terletak pada apakah tingkat efektvitas penagihan piutang pajak berpengaruh terhadap urgensi dan proporsi piutang pajak yang diusulkan untuk dihapus, serta bagaimana pengaruh keduanya terhadap pengoptimalan penerimaan negara. Penelitian dilakukan di KPP Madya Bandar Lampung sebagai salah satu instansi vertikal DJP periode pengambilan data Januari s.d. Desember 2022. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat efektivitas penagihan piutang pajak tidak berpengaruh terhadap urgensi dan jumlah piutang pajak yang diusulkan untuk dihapus, sedangkan pengoptimalan penerimaan negara terpengaruh oleh tingkat efektivitas penagihan piutang pajak dan urgensi penghapusan piutang pajak.

Kata kunci: Piutang Pajak, Efektivitas Penagihan Piutang Pajak, Usulan Penghapusan Piutang Pajak, Penerimaan Pajak, Penerimaan Negara
Improving Product Design and Injection Molding for Children’s Toy Plastic with the Help of CAE Software
Authors: Hung Pham Duc , Chinh Nguyen Duc , Giang Nguyen Hoang 
Published: December 2023

CAE is the abbreviation for Computer-Aided Engineering. Taking advantage of the computer's ability to analyze and calculate accurately and quickly, to understand the theoretical model of the system (Theoretical Model), and at the same time combine the computer graphics function (Computer Graphics), helping users obtain rapid analysis results, and use the results to modify design and injection molding parameter optimization.
CAE combines graphics, computer-aided design (Computer-Aided Design/Draft, CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM). Due to the reliability of CAE results, it is possible to point out potential problems in the injection molding process and design, suggest design modifications and directions to overcome obstacles and feasible solutions, which can avoid blind spots.
CAE at the design stage can be performed on computers to evaluate and optimize design modification options, contribute to reducing time and cost, mold testing, actual mold repair, shortening the actual trial and error cycle, shortening product development time (Product Development Time) and time to market (Time-to-Market), reducing waste and time; time and money in the stages. It can help injection molders predict and understand injection molding parameters that affect product quality, find processing windows and optimize injection molding parameters. It can also indicate the main factors affecting injection molding quality, thereby providing design modification parameters, injection molding parameters and quantitative indicators. It can open the "black box" of injection molding, with a vivid and specific method of displaying machining and design parameters for status sequences and product quality effects, which can help users get quickly accumulated experience in design and injection molding, with relatively large help in employee training.
Evaluación radiológica de la posición de sondas y catéteres en pediatría: una revisión pictórica
Authors: Sinti-Ycochea Mario , Chirinos Gambarini Mario F. , Ccuno Peralta Vania Candy , Ugas-Charcape Carlos F. 
Published: December 2023

Esta revisión pictórica tiene objetivo generar una guía visual mediante imágenes médicas para evaluar la correcta posición de dispositivos médicos utilizados en pediatría, como catéteres umbilicales arterial y venoso, catéter venoso central, catéter pulmonar arterial (Swan-Ganz), sondas nasogástricas, orogástricas y nasoduodenales, tubos endotraqueales, tubos de traqueostomía, tubos de drenaje pleural y marcapasos cardiacos. Se enfoca en la importancia de identificar la ubicación adecuada de estos dispositivos para prevenir complicaciones y mejorar la atención clínica. Se describen las posiciones correctas y las complicaciones asociadas con las malposiciones, con énfasis en el uso de radiografías para la evaluación y seguimiento de estos dispositivos en pacientes pediátricos.
Efectos genéticos en híbridos de maíz tropical (Zea mays L.) I Rendimiento
Authors: Martínez Zambrano Gaspar 
Published: December 2023

Se evaluaron 42 híbridos simples de maíz (Zea mays L.) provenientes de las cruzas de seis líneas de trópico seco y siete de trópico húmedo, mediante el diseño II de Carolina del Norte. Las localidades donde se realizó el estudio fueron: Ursulo Galván, Veracruz (trópico húmedo) y Los Mochis, Sinaloa (transición), en el verano de 1984; y Río Bravo, Tamaulipas, (trópico seco) en la primavera de 1985. Los caracteres estudiados fueron: rendimiento de grano, altura, pudrición, mala cobertura, floración y cuateo de mazorca; así como antesis, y acame de tallo y raíz. Los objetivos del trabajo fueron: a) estudiar los efectos genéticos involucrados en la expresión de los nueve caracteres considerados en las cruzas y sus progenitores, y b) analizar el comportamiento de estos efectos a través de los ambientes de prueba.
En el presente escrito se reportan los resultados relativos al rendimiento, los cuales indican que, en la expresión de este carácter, estuvieron involucrados efectos genéticos del tipo aditivo únicamente, siendo más grandes en las hembras que en los machos. Los efectos aditivos de los progenitores macho fueron más estables que los de las hembras a través de localidades.
Amplitud ecológica de Opuntia lindheimeri, Engelmann, en el estado de Coahuila
Authors: Rodríguez Gámez Andrés , López González Juan José , Valdés Reyna Jesús , Nava Coronel Roberto 
Published: December 2023

El presente estudio se realizó en el Estado de Coahuila, localizado en el Norte de México, con el objetivo de determinar la amplitud ecológica de Opuntia lindheimeri, conocer la densidad de las poblaciones de esta especie y obtener una descripción detallada de la variación morfológica que presenta, para apoyar su taxonomía. Se seleccionaron 120 sitios de muestreo, de los cuales se describieron las condiciones ambientales presentes, se determinó el tipo de vegetación y las especies vegetales asociadas a Opuntia lindheimeri. Se analizaron los caracteres morfológicos vegetativos de 130 muestras pertenecientes a las cuatro variedades de la especie en Coahuila, y se utilizó el método de Análisis de intervalos de confianza simultáneos, el cual mostró diferencias estadísticamente significativas para algunos caracteres, como el número de espinas por areola y longitud de las espinas que apoyan la taxonomía y permiten la separación en cuatro variedades.
Con los 120 sitios de muestreo realizados se determinó la amplitud ecológica de Opuntia lindheimeri, la cual comprende la parte oriental del Estado y corresponde a la porción menos árida. Los tipos de vegetación donde se encontró presente Opuntia lindheimeri, fueron el matorral mediano espinoso y el matorral alto espinoso. Las princi- pales especies asociadas son: Prosopis glandulosa (mezquite), Acacia rigidu- la (chaparro prieto) y Porlieria angustifolia (guayacán). Las mayores poblaciones se encontraron en los Municipios de Sabinas, Progreso y Juárez, localizadas en la parte Centro-Este del Estado.
การจัดประสบการณ์เกมการศึกษาเพื่อพัฒนาทักษะคณิตศาสตร์ ของนักเรียนชั้นอนุบาล 3 โรงเรียนวัดแสงสรรค์ สังกัดสำนักงานเขตพื้นที่การศึกษาประถมศึกษาปทุมธานี เขต 2
Authors: Parsapratet Pradittha , หาญพุฒ ศิรประภา , จันทราภิรมย์ พัฒน์นรี , แสนตุ้ม พรศิริ 
Published: December 2023

การศึกษาครั้งนี้มีจุดมุ่งหมายเพื่อเปรียบเทียบทักษะพื้นฐานทางคณิตศาสตร์ของเด็กปฐมวัยก่อนและหลังการจัดประสบการณ์เกมการศึกษา กลุ่มตัวอย่างที่ใช้ในการศึกษาครั้งนี้เป็นเด็กนักเรียนชายและนักเรียนหญิงอายุ 5-6 ปี กำลังศึกษาอยู่ชั้นอนุบาลปีที่ 3 ภาคเรียนที่ 2 ปีการศึกษา 2562 โรงเรียนวัดแสงสรรค์ อำเภอธัญบุรี จัดหวัดปทุมธานี สังกัดสำนักงานเขตพื้นที่การศึกษาประถมศึกษาปทุมธานี เขต 2 จำนวน 27 คน ซึ่งได้มาจากการการสุ่มแบบกลุ่ม (Cluster Random Sampling) เป็นระยะเวลา 8 สัปดาห์ สัปดาห์ละ 3 วัน วันละ 20-30 นาที รวมทั้งสิ้น 24 ครั้ง การศึกษาครั้งนี้เป็นการศึกษาแบบกึ่งทดลอง (Quasi Experimental Research) แบบแผนการศึกษาแบบ One Group Pretest – Posttest Design
เครื่องมือที่ใช้ในการศึกษาครั้งนี้ คือ แผนการจัดประสบการณ์เกมการศึกษา และแบบทดสอบทักษะพื้นฐานทางคณิตศาสตร์ของเด็กปฐมวัย มีค่าดัชนีความสอดคล้อง (IOC) เท่ากับ 0.80 และแบบทดสอบทักษะพื้นฐานทางคณิตศาสตร์ของเด็กปฐมวัย มีค่าความยากง่าย (p) ตั้งแต่ 0.26 -0.72 และค่าอำนาจจำแนก (r) ตั้งแต่ 0.22-0.67 และค่าความเชื่อมั่นของแบบทดสอบเท่ากับ 0.73 วิเคราะห์ข้อมูลโดยใช้การทดสอบค่าที (t-test) แบบข้อมูลลักษณะเกี่ยวเนื่องกัน (Dependent Sample)
ผลการวิจัยพบว่า หลังจากได้รับจากการจัดประสบการณ์เกมการศึกษา เด็กปฐมวัยมีทักษะพื้นฐานทางคณิตศาสตร์ สูงกว่าก่อนได้รับการจัดประสบการณ์เกมการศึกษาอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติที่ระดับ .01 ทั้งโดยรวมและรายด้าน ซึ่งแสดงว่า ทักษะพื้นฐานทางคณิตศาสตร์หลังเรียนของเด็กปฐมวัยสูงขึ้นกว่าก่อนทดลอง
Culte de la personnalité et monstruosité chez Alioum Fantouré : l’hybridité comme forme d’expression du grotesque
Authors: Sow Mamadou Yaya 
Published: December 2023

L’écrivain guinéen Alioum Fantouré inaugure dans la littérature guinéenne « le procès des indépendances » avec ses deux premiers romans. Il y dénonce la dictature et le culte de la personnalité qui lui sert de support dans un contexte de privation de libertés et d’abus de tous genres. L’une des originalités de son écriture réside dans le fait que ces tares sont assimilées à un culte dont les divinités présentent une figure de monstruosité qui se lit également sur le plan formel, surtout si l’on jette un regard attentif à la composition de son deuxième roman, Le Récit du cirque.
Le présent article s’efforce de démontrer ce qui est monstrueux dans ces divinités et le culte qui leur est voué ainsi que dans ces textes qui les mettent en scène tout en s’interrogeant sur ce qui, dans le déploiement de cette monstruosité thématique et formelle, fait de ces romans de Fantouré une mise en scène du grotesque tel que défini par Mikhaïl Bakhtine.
Transiter du ‘féminin’ au ‘masculin’. De Daniel Van Oosterwyck à Paul B. Preciado
Authors: Renouprez Martine 
Published: December 2023

Il, la première autobiographie d’un homme trans, celle de Daniel Van Oosterwyck, déclaré fille à la naissance, montre combien la procédure de changement de genre et de sexe fut longue et éprouvante dans les années 1970. Cette autobiographie vise à tracer une voie de compréhension du ressenti de celui qui s’éprouve comme profondément masculin. Cinquante ans plus tard, Paul B. Preciado dénonce à travers ses chroniques d’Un appartement sur Uranus l’enfermement identitaire des sexes et des genres ainsi que l’obligation de penser le monde sur le mode binaire. Sa transition vers la masculinité va au-delà du désir d’être un homme : c’est un acte politique révolutionnaire qui vise à faire sauter les catégories et à créer une nouvelle épistémologie qui donne leur juste place au tiers, à la marge, à la dissidence des genres.
Treatment of Cutaneous Neurofibromas in Neurofibromatosis Type 1 With MEK Inhibitor Selumetinib
Authors: Gross Andrea M. , Reid Olivia H. , Baldwin Lauren A. , Cannon Ashley , Choo-Wosoba Hyoyoung , Steinberg Seth M. , Lobbous Mina , Wolters Pamela L. , Pichard Dominique C. , Tibery Cecilia M. , Dombi Eva , Derdak Joanne , Widemann Brigitte C. , Korf Bruce R. 
Published: February 2025

ImportanceCutaneous neurofibromas (cNFs) can cause itching, disfigurement, pain, and emotional difficulties in people with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1).ObjectiveTo determine the impact of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor selumetinib on cNF including change in tumor volume and patient-reported outcome measures.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsAdults with NF1 and 9 or more measurable cNFs were enrolled in this nonrandomized pilot trial at the National Cancer Institute and the University of Alabama at Birmingham, which spanned from August 26, 2017, to August 21, 2023.InterventionParticipants received selumetinib for up to 24 cycles (1 cycle = 28 days) with restaging visits after every 4 cycles.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPhotography and volumetric measurements of cNFs using calipers were used to evaluate the number and volume of tumors. Participants completed the Skindex-29 Quality of Life assessment to quantify the effect of treatment on symptoms, functioning, emotions, itching, and pain.ResultsAmong the 11 participants who enrolled, the median (range) age was 54 (28-75) years, and 6 were female. The median (IQR) best response across all participants and tumors was a −28.5% (−40.9% to −12.5%) decrease in cNF volume from baseline. Some participants showed a visible improvement in cNF burden while receiving treatment in standardized photographs. The median (range) duration of treatment was 9 cycles (1-24), with only 4 participants completing the full 24 cycles of treatment. Two of these participants continued treatment beyond the original 24 cycles due to perceived clinical benefit. All participants experienced at least 1 reversible drug-related adverse event (AE), with cutaneous AEs such as dry skin and rash being the most common. Two participants were removed from treatment due to concern for drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms. While the Skindex-29 assessment showed improvement in emotion scores after cycle 1, there were no other significant or durable changes in scores.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this nonrandomized pilot trial, selumetinib resulted in some decrease in cNF volume; however, there was no sustained improvement in patient-reported outcome measures. Study enrollment was incomplete, in part due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and highlights the challenges of treating patients with cNF with a drug that often leads to dermatologic AEs. Future larger studies using other measurement techniques, such as 3-dimensional photography, could help to yield results that are more generalizable to the phenotypically diverse NF1 population.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02839720
Fusing ChatGPT and Human Decisions in Unfamiliar Face Matching
Authors: Kramer Robin S. S. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTUnfamiliar face matching involves deciding whether two face images depict the same person or two different people. Individual performance can be error‐prone but is improved by aggregating (fusing) the responses of participant pairs. With advances in automated facial recognition systems (AFR), fusing human and algorithm responses also leads to performance improvements over individuals working alone. In the current work, I investigated whether ChatGPT could serve as the algorithm in this fusion. Using a common face matching test, I found that the fusion of individual responses with those provided by ChatGPT increased performance in comparison with both individuals working alone and simulated participant pairs. This pattern of results was evident when participants responded either using a rating scale (Experiment 1) or with a binary decision and associated confidence (Experiment 2). Taken together, these findings demonstrate the potential utility of ChatGPT in daily identification contexts where state‐of‐the‐art AFR may not be available.
Tracing the Evolution of Sex Hormones and Receptor‐Mediated Immune Microenvironmental Differences in Prostate and Bladder Cancers: From Embryonic Development to Disease
Authors: Li Dengxiong , Wang Zhipeng , Yu Qingxin , Wang Jie , Wu Ruicheng , Tuo Zhouting , Yoo Koo Han , Wusiman Dilinaer , Ye Luxia , Guo Yiqing , Yang Yubo , Shao Fanglin , Shu Ziyu , Okoli Uzoamaka , Cho William C. , Wei Wuran , Feng Dechao 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe bladder and prostate originate from the urogenital sinus. However, bladder cancer (BC) is usually classified as an immune “hot” tumor, whereas prostate cancer (PCa) is deemed as an immune “cold” tumor according to the tumor microenvironment (TME) and clinical outcomes. To investigate the immune differences between BC and PCa, studies are compared focusing on immune regulation mediated by sex hormones and receptors to identify key genes and pathways responsible for the immune differences. From a developmental perspective, it is shown that PCa and BC activate genes and pathways similar to those in the developmental stage. During prostate development, the differential expression and function of the androgen receptor (AR) across cell types may contribute to its dual role in promoting and inhibiting immunity in different cells. Androgen deprivation therapy affects AR function in different cells within the TME, influencing immune cell infiltration and antitumor function. Additionally, estrogenα and estrogenβ exert contrasting effects in PCa and BC, which may hold the potential for modifying the “cold” and “hot” tumor phenotypes. Future research should target key genes and pathways involved in bladder development to clarify the immune regulatory similarities and differences between BC and PCa.
Nanoodor Particles Deliver Drugs to Central Nervous System via Olfactory Pathway
Authors: Zhang Wei , Ji Xingwang , Zhao Qianyanqiu , Qi Jinyao , Guo Wen , Zhang Gaoshuo , Guan Yujing , Li Shenglong , Mao Yuling 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCentral nervous system (CNS) disorders confront significant challenges in drug delivery due to the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Inspired by the rapid and precise binding of odor molecules to olfactory receptors (ORs), this research uses thiolated HPMA to construct odor nanoparticles (nanoodors) capable of delivering drugs to the CNS via the olfacto–cerebral pathway to overcome the delivery obstruction. The nanoodor core is used to encapsulate agomelatine (AGO), a CNS‐targeting antidepressant, and the encapsulation efficiency exceeded 80%. A series of thiol‐presenting nanoscale structures with different surface densities of thiol groups are constructed, and the effectiveness positively correlated with the density of thiol groups on their surface. Notably, the nanoodors enable precise brain‐targeted delivery, outperforming commercially available oral formulations in terms of drug accumulation in the brain and antidepressant effects. The study of the nanoodor transport and action mechanisms revealed that after binding to ORs, the nanoodors are rapidly delivered to the brain via the olfactory pathway. Nanoodors, the first design to deliver CNS drugs via the olfactory pathway by mimicking natural smells for the treatment of CNS disorders, are expected to achieve clinical transformation, benefiting human health.
Modifying Microenvironment in Van der Waals Gap by Cu/N Co‐Doping Strategy for Highly Efficient Nitrite Reduction to Ammonia
Authors: Li Heen , Wang Yuanzhe , Wei Kuo , He Maoyue , Yan Mengmeng , Peng Fei , Gao Faming 
Published: February 2025

AbstractElectroreduction of nitrite to ammonia has significant promise for economical NH3 electrosynthesis and wastewater treatment. Herein, sulfur vacancies rich Cu─N co‐doped SnS2 nanosheet is designed as a highly active and durable NO2RR catalyst. Benefiting from the Cu─N co‐doped strategy, Cu/N‐SnS2‐x achieves the highest NH3 yield rate of 18.15mg h−1 mgcat−1 at −0.935 V (vs RHE) and excellent Faradaic Efficiency of 95.73% at −0.835 V (vs RHE). In situ FT‐IR and in situ XPS proves that Cu/N‐SnS2‐x has a greater capacity for atomic hydrogen generation, which facilitates the conversion of nitrite to ammonia and maintains excellent structural stability during the NO2RR process. Theoretical calculations reveal that the introduced sulfur vacancies effectively expose the metal atoms inside SnS2 and make them adsorb nitrite efficiently, which effectively accelerates the transformation of nitrite to ammonia. Besides, the introduced Cu and N can form a new electronic structure, which induces Cu in an electron‐deficient state promotes the adsorption of reaction intermediates on Cu, and reduces the reaction energy barrier for nitrite reduction on the Cu/N‐SnS2‐x surface. The current exploration presents fresh prospects for the rational development of an effective electrocatalyst for synthesizing ammonia from nitrite.