bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of tirbanibulin 1% ointment in actinic keratoses: Data from two phase‐III trials and the real‐life clinical practice presented at the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology Congress 2022
Authors: Pellacani G. , Schlesinger T. , Bhatia N. , Berman B. , Lebwohl M. , Cohen J. L. , Patel G. K. , Kunstfeld R. , Hadshiew I. , Lear J. T. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe 31st European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV) Congress took place between 7th and 10th of September 2022 in Milan, Italy.ObjectivesWe report presented clinical data on the efficacy/effectiveness, safety and tolerability of tirbanibulin 1% ointment that has recently been licensed for actinic keratosis (AK) of the face or scalp in adults.MethodsSummary of presentations given at the EADV Congress.ResultsProf. Pellacani presented two post hoc analyses from two phase‐III trials with AK patients (NCT03285477 [N = 351] and NCT03285490 [N = 351]): A descriptive analysis of medical history, concomitant medications, and safety results confirming a favourable profile for tirbanibulin showing that number of baseline AK lesions was not correlated to severity of local skin reactions. The latter analysis showed that cases of tirbanibulin application site pain or pruritus were few, and most were found to be mild. Prof. Kunstfeld reported six real‐life clinical cases in Austria showing good tirbanibulin effectiveness, safety and tolerability for the treatment of new or recurring AK lesions. Results demonstrated that after 2‐ to 4‐month follow‐up, tirbanibulin was well tolerated and effective in AK patients. Presentations by Dr. Patel confirmed good outcomes and tolerability of tirbanibulin in Olsen grade 1–2 AK (N = 12) and porokeratosis patients (N = 4) treated once daily for 5 consecutive days in the United Kingdom. Furthermore, real‐world experience in solid organ transplant recipients (N = 2) demonstrated effectiveness of tirbanibulin in skin field cancerization treatment. A symposium sponsored by Almirall was conducted during the congress in which Dr. Hadshiew and Dr. Lear brought together their clinical experience in Germany and the United Kingdom respectively. Interesting clinical cases of 5 consecutive days of tirbanibulin treatment compared to other treatments were discussed with attendees, as well as current treatment needs of AK patients.ConclusionsThis article provides an overview of presentations and symposium discussions, summarizing key phase‐III results and real‐life clinical experience with tirbanibulin shared by dermatologists across Europe.
Broadening and strengthening the health providers caring for patients with chronic hepatitis C may improve continuity of care
Authors: Clark Paul J , Valery Patricia C , Strasser Simone I , Weltman Martin , Thompson Alex , Levy Miriam T , Leggett Barbara , Zekry Amany , Rong Julian , Sinclair Marie , George Jacob , Bollipo Steven , McGarity Bruce , Sievert William , MacQuillan Gerry , Tse Edmund , Nicoll Amanda , Wade Amanda , Cheng Wendy , Roberts Stuart K 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundDirect‐acting antiviral (DAA) therapies for hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) lead to excellent rates of sustained virological response (SVR). However, loss to follow‐up (LTFU) for SVR testing remains a challenge. We examine factors associated with LTFU in a real‐world setting.MethodsAdults who received DAA therapy for HCV in one of 26 centers across Australia during 2016–2021 were followed up for 2 years. Data sources included the patient medical records and the national Pharmaceutical and Medicare Benefits Schemes. Linkage to Medicare provided utilization data of other health‐care providers and re‐treatment with DAAs. LTFU was defined as no clinic attendance for SVR testing by at least 52 weeks after DAA treatment commencement. Multivariable logistic regression assessed factors associated with LTFU.ResultsIn 3619 patients included in the study (mean age 52.0 years; SD = 10.5), 33.6% had cirrhosis (69.4% Child–Pugh class B/C), and 19.3% had HCV treatment prior to the DAA era. Five hundred and fifteen patients (14.2%) were LTFU. HCV treatment initiation in 2017 or later (adj‐OR = 2.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.25–3.54), younger age (adj‐OR = 2.63, 95% CI 1.80–3.84), Indigenous identification (adj‐OR = 1.99, 95% CI 1.23–3.21), current injection drug use or opioid replacement therapy (adj‐OR = 1.66, 95% CI 1.25–2.20), depression treatment (adj‐OR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.17–1.90), and male gender (adj‐OR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.04–1.66) were associated with LTFU.ConclusionsThese findings stress the importance of strengthening the network of providers caring for patients with HCV. In particular, services targeting vulnerable groups of patients such as First Nations Peoples, youth health, and those with addiction and mental health disorders should be equipped to treat HCV.
Effectiveness and safety of baricitinib in patients with moderate‐to‐severe refractory alopecia areata in real world: An open‐label, single‐center study
Authors: Bi Lingbo , Wang Chaofan , Du Yimei , Su Tong , Zhao Min , Lin Xuewen , Fan Weixin , Sun Weiling 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPurposeBaricitinib is a small‐molecular drug that selectively inhibits the Janus Kinase (JAK) 1 and 2. However, it showed various efficiency and safety in treating moderate‐to‐severe alopecia areata (AA). This study was to describe the real‐world effectiveness of baricitinib in treating moderate‐to‐severe refractory AA.MethodsPatients who were affected by moderate‐to‐severe AA and reported no shrinkage in the alopecia area after 6 months of conventional treatment were enrolled in the retrospective study. The patients were treated with baricitinib orally for at least 24 weeks. The severity of alopecia was evaluated at the end of 4, 12, and 24 weeks of treatment.ResultsThe 32 patients included 23 females and nine males, with a median duration of AA of 14.5 months. Among them, 28 patients received baricitinib 2 mg per day for 24 weeks while the other four patients increased the daily dose from 2 to 4 mg after the first 12 weeks due to the unobvious hair restoration. SALT value showed a significant decrease from baseline at week 12 and 24 (64.45 [44.68–100.00] vs. 26.80 [13.40–62.32], p < 0.0001 and 64.45 [44.68–100] vs. 9.40 [4.85–34.95], p < 0.0001). After 24 weeks of treatment, 50% of patients had an improvement of ≥2 points in IGA scores from the baseline, and IGA scores of 68.75% of patients were less than 2.ConclusionThis 24‐week research showed that baricitinib had favorable clinical efficacy and safety in treating moderate‐to‐severe AA, which is worthy of attention and expectation.
A parcellation‐based connectomic model of hemispatial neglect
Authors: Ahsan Syed A. , Dadario Nicholas B. , Dhaliwal Jasneet , Briggs Robert G. , Osipowicz Karol , Ahsan Syed M. , Chendeb Kassem , Conner Andrew K. , O'Neal Christen M. , Glenn Chad A. , Sughrue Michael E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposeHemispatial neglect is characterized by a reduced awareness to stimuli on the contralateral side. Current literature suggesting that damage to the right parietal lobe and attention networks may cause hemispatial neglect is conflicting and can be improved by investigating a connectomic model of the “neglect system” and the anatomical specificity of regions involved in it.MethodsA meta‐analysis of voxel‐based morphometry magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of hemispatial neglect was used to identify regions associated with neglect. We applied parcellation schemes to these regions and performed diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI) tractography to determine their connectivity. By overlaying neglect areas and maps of the attention networks, we studied the relationship between them.ResultsThe meta‐analysis generated a list of 13 right hemisphere parcellations. These 13 neglect‐related parcellations were predominantly linked by the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) throughout a fronto‐parietal‐temporal network. We found that the dorsal and ventral attention networks showed partial overlap with the neglect system and included various other higher‐order networks.ConclusionsWe provide an anatomically specific connectomic model of the neurobehavioral substrates underlying hemispatial neglect. Our model suggests a fronto‐parietal‐temporal network linked via the SLF supports the functions impaired in neglect and implicates various higher‐order networks which are not limited to the attention networks.
Soil water availability strongly drives the differentiation of acquisitive and conservative strategies for coexisting woody species in a Chinese subtropical evergreen forest
Authors: Li Shuqiong , Chatterjee Madhuparna , Yao Zhiliang , Wen Handong , Cao Min , Chen Yajun , Lin Luxiang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractQuestionsTrait–environment relationships hold great promise for elucidating the mechanisms that drive community assembly. We asked to what extent does functional trait coordination underlie the differentiation of acquisitive–conservative strategies along environmental gradients? Also, to what extent does soil water availability determine trait combinations and subsequently shape microhabitat preferences for species with distinct ecological strategies?LocationYunnan Province, southwest China.MethodsPearson correlation and trait network analyses were used to quantify trait associations. A combined RLQ–fourth‐corner analysis and a spatial autoregressive error model were employed to examine trait–environment relationships and explain species distribution along environmental gradients.ResultsLeaf and stem traits were tightly coordinated along the first RLQ axis. Herein, traits representing construction cost exhibited trade‐offs against traits representing resource acquisition rate, underlying an acquisitive–conservative strategy differentiation along the environmental gradients. Significant overall and bivariate trait–environment relationships were found. In addition, the topographic wetness index contributed substantially to the environmental variation, and significantly influenced most traits alone. These results supported the hypothesis that soil water availability was the key environmental factor in selecting trait combinations and driving the differentiation of acquisitive and conservative strategies for coexisting species compared with other environmental factors. Finally, deciduous and a proportion of the evergreen species were acquisitive, whereas the remaining evergreen species were conservative, preferring wetter and drier microhabitats, respectively.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that soil water availability plays a central role in shaping both the trait combinations and microhabitat preferences of species with different ecological strategies rather than different leaf habits. These findings also highlight the fundamental significance of functional traits in facilitating the differentiation between acquisitive and conservative strategies along environmental gradients.
Functional‐trait contrasts between terrestrial and epiphytic ferns in Taiwanese subtropical cloud forests
Authors: Helsen Kenny , Viana Jéssica Lira , Lin Tsung‐Yi , Kuo Li‐Yaung , Zelený David 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimsExtensive research on the leaf economics spectrum (LES) has improved insights into functional traits and their environmental interactions. Several studies explored trait correlations in angiosperms and ferns, expanding their ecological significance. However, knowledge gaps persist, especially concerning East‐Asian ferns and the differences between terrestrial and epiphytic ferns in LES.LocationEast Asia, Northern Taiwan.MethodsData were collected along an elevation gradient (870–2130 m a.s.l.) in northern Taiwan, where we measured nine leaf traits for 47 terrestrial and 34 epiphytic ferns across 59 vegetation plots within subtropical forests. We explored trait–trait and trait–environment relationships at the species and community levels for both terrestrial and epiphytic ferns while accounting for phylogenetic constraints.ResultsEpiphytes had lower specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf nitrogen, greater trait variance and trait space than terrestrial species, suggesting they are ecologically distinct. These differences observed at species and community levels appear to emerge because epiphytes undergo stronger water and nutritional stress along the elevation gradient. In addition, three groups were detected within epiphytes reflecting their strategies for water and nutrient stress adaptation. Trait correlations largely resembled angiosperm LES patterns but were less apparent in epiphytes. SLA and leaf dry matter content (LDMC) were consistently correlated to water stress traits, which might contribute to the restricted LES trait range of both life forms in our study. Traits exhibited a strong phylogenetic signal, with marked differences between SLA and LDMC correlations in phylogenetics‐corrected vs raw data. Trait–environment relationships were similar for several water stress‐related traits across both species groups, but stronger relationships were more evident in terrestrial ferns.ConclusionsTrait patterns are not entirely equivalent for epiphytic and terrestrial species or communities and should not be extrapolated across life forms. Distantly related species with various evolutionary backgrounds could dismantle LES patterns at the species level. Strong phylogenetic constraints may influence the trait–environment response of epiphytic species.
Ongoing convergent evolution of a selfing syndrome threatens plant–pollinator interactions
Authors: Acoca‐Pidolle Samson , Gauthier Perrine , Devresse Louis , Deverge Merdrignac Antoine , Pons Virginie , Cheptou Pierre‐Olivier 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Plant–pollinator interactions evolved early in the angiosperm radiation. Ongoing environmental changes are however leading to pollinator declines that may cause pollen limitation to plants and change the evolutionary pressures shaping plant mating systems.
We used resurrection ecology methodology to contrast ancestors and contemporary descendants in four natural populations of the field pansy (Viola arvensis) in the Paris region (France), a depauperate pollinator environment. We combine population genetics analysis, phenotypic measurements and behavioural tests on a common garden experiment.
Population genetics analysis reveals 27% increase in realized selfing rates in the field during this period. We documented trait evolution towards smaller and less conspicuous corollas, reduced nectar production and reduced attractiveness to bumblebees, with these trait shifts convergent across the four studied populations.
We demonstrate the rapid evolution of a selfing syndrome in the four studied plant populations, associated with a weakening of the interactions with pollinators over the last three decades. This study demonstrates that plant mating systems can evolve rapidly in natural populations in the face of ongoing environmental changes. The rapid evolution towards a selfing syndrome may in turn further accelerate pollinator declines, in an eco‐evolutionary feedback loop with broader implications to natural ecosystems.
Immigrants as natural supporters? Cross‐nation analysis with a multilevel mixed‐effects model
Authors: Sun Skylar Biyang , Zhao Xiaohang , Liu Mengran , Qiu Xinru 
Published: December 2023

AbstractResearch often finds that immigrants tend to have a different profile from locals regarding confidence in the government. Both the origin's and destination's institutional features can influence immigrants' confidence. Scholars have relied on three major models—the cultural‐persistence model, the performance model, and the dual‐reference model—to explain the possible mechanisms behind this difference. Our research builds on previous studies by expanding the country coverage to explore the heterogeneity in immigrants' confidence. Specifically, we focus on how the level of democracy as an institutional factor is associated with immigrants' confidence. Using integrated datasets from the World Value Survey (WVS, 2017–21) and the European Value Study (EVS, 2017–20) and employing a multilevel model, we confirm that immigrants, on average, tend to have a higher level of confidence in the government. However, their confidence is contingent on institutional performance. In countries with high levels of democracy, the disparity in confidence between immigrants and locals becomes more pronounced. Moreover, the institutional performance in the origin country also influences immigrants' confidence in the government of the destination country. Immigrants constantly compare the institutional performance between the two places. Compared to immigrants from countries with a high level of democracy, immigrants from countries with a lower level of democracy tend to have higher confidence in the destination government. Our results provide support for all three major theoretical models.
Rigorous estimates on mechanical balance laws in the Boussinesq–Peregrine equations
Authors: Khorbatly Bashar , Kalisch Henrik 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIt is shown that the Boussinesq–Peregrine system, which describes long waves of small amplitude at the surface of an inviscid fluid with variable depth, admits a number of approximate conservation equations. Notably, this paper provides accurate estimations for the approximate conservation of the mechanical balance laws associated with mass, momentum, and energy. These precise estimates offer valuable insights into the behavior and dynamics of the system, shedding light on the conservation principles governing the wave motion.
Rayleigh–Bénard Convection in a Gas-Saturated Porous Medium at Low Darcy Numbers
Authors: Bavandla K. C. , Srinivasan V. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Natural convection heat transfer is measured in a horizontal enclosure filled with a gas-saturated porous medium composed of glass spheres. The height-to-pore scale ratio (H/d) is in the range of 25–150, yielding a low Darcy number (5.87×10−8≤Da≤1.94×10−6), which satisfies the porous medium assumption more rigorously. The maximum values attained for the modified Rayleigh numbers (Ra* up to 6150) and fluid Rayleigh numbers (Raf up to 2.5×1011) at these low Darcy numbers enable access to both the Darcy and Forchheimer flow regimes. The heat transfer relationship just beyond the onset of convection is in good accordance with theory and previous experiments, varying linearly with the modified Rayleigh number. For higher modified Rayleigh numbers, the data diverge as a function of the Darcy number, depending on both Da and the modified Rayleigh number. Transition points between the Darcy and Forchheimer regimes are estimated. At the highest fluid Rayleigh numbers, the data with the largest pore scales show some evidence of moving toward a regime similar to that of Rayleigh–Bénard convection, where boundary layer and plume length scales are small enough that the details of the porous medium cease to matter. It is argued that even in this regime, the boundary layer length scales are not diminished enough to make the contribution of Brinkman drag significant.
Understanding Inconsistencies in Thermohydraulic Characteristics Between Experimental and Numerical Data for DI Water Flow Through a Rectangular Microchannel
Authors: Schepperle Mark , Samkhaniani Nima , Magnini Mirco , Woias Peter , Stroh Alexander 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Facing discrepancies between numerical simulation, experimental measurement, and theory is common in studies of fluid flow and heat transfer in microchannels. The cause of these discrepancies is often linked to the transition from the macroscale to the microscale, where the flow dynamics might be expected to deviate due to possible changes in dominant forces. In this work, an attempt is made to achieve agreement between experiment, numerical simulation, and theoretical description within the usual framework of laminar flow theory. For this purpose, the pressure drop, friction factor, and Poiseuille number under isothermal conditions and the temperature profile, heat transfer coefficient, Nusselt number, and thermal performance index under diabatic conditions (heating power of 10 W) in a heat sink with a stainless steel microchannel with a hydraulic diameter of 850 μm were investigated numerically and experimentally for mass flow rates between 1 and 68 gmin−1. The source of inconsistencies in pressure drop characteristics is found to be linked to the geometrical details of the utilized microchannel, for example, the design of inlet/outlet manifolds, the artifacts of manufacturing technique, and other features of the experimental test rig. For the heat transfer characteristics, it is identified that an appropriate estimation of the outer boundary condition for the numerical simulation remains the crucial challenge to obtain a reasonable agreement. The paper provides a detailed overview of how to account for these details to mitigate the discrepancies and to establish a handshake between experiments, numerical simulations, and theory.
Synthesis and Analysis of Plane–Space Switching Mechanisms Based on a Plane-Symmetric Eight-Bar Linkage
Authors: Liu Jingfang , Zuo Haoran , Ding Huafeng , Li Meng 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper proposes a novel synthesis method for constructing plane–space switching mechanisms based on the symmetric plane of the regular prism. First, the structure equation and motion characteristic of plane-symmetric eight-bar linkage are presented. Then, the plane-symmetric seven-bar linkage and rhombic Bricard linkage are obtained by locking the joint of the eight-bar linkage. Four types of plane–space switching mechanisms are constructed based on the synthesis method and switching linkage units. These switching mechanisms can expand completely into planar configurations and fold completely into spatial configurations. Subsequently, the kinematics of the coupled branch chain is analyzed, through which the folded and contractive characteristics of the mechanism are revealed. Then, the concept of the distributed circle of joints is proposed, and the enveloping performance of the mechanism is approximately analyzed. This paper provides a new idea and synthesis method for designing new deployable mechanisms.
ICAM-1 and CRP as biomarkers of 3-month outcome in acute ischaemic stroke
Authors: Rakhimbaeva Gulnora Sattarovna , Abdurakhmonova Kutlibika Bakhtiyor kizi 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundIt is clear that, inflammation deteriorates cerebral injury during the acute phase of stroke. While this process is going on, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) has a crucial role to play in mediating migration of immune cells into the damaged area. Furthermore, C reactive protein (CRP) is an essential inflammatory molecule in human organism. This research aims to investigate the association between ICAM-1, highly sensitive CRP(hs-CRP) and the prognosis of acute ischaemic stroke (AIS).Methods118 patients with AIS who were treated at Tashkent Medical Academy were participants in this research project. Blood samples were collected from patients on an empty stomach within 24 hours of admission. Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was used in order to assess the functional prognosis in 3 months following the case of stroke in patients. The inadequate prognosis is described as mRS≥3. Each biomarker’s potential to predict has also been evaluated with receiver operating characteristic analysis.ResultsICAM-1 was identified to be an independent predictor of 3-month outcome (OR 1.05, 95 % CI 0.848 to 1.625; p=0.02) (area under the curve (AUC)=0.82 %). Independent associations with functional outcome were also found to be true for hs-CRP (OR 1.22, 95 % CI 0.78 to 1.86; p=0.03) (AUC=0.74 %).ConclusionsThe outcomes of a 3-month study carried out on patients with AIS showed ICAM-1 and hs-CRP to be independent predictors.