bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast dynamics of myoglobin probed by time‐resolved resonance Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Mizutani Yasuhisa , Kitagawa Teizo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRecent experimental work carried out in this laboratory on the ultrafast dynamics of myoglobin (Mb) is summarized with a stress on structural and vibrational energy relaxation. Studies on the structural relaxation of Mb following CO photolysis revealed that the structural change of heme itself, caused by CO photodissociation, is completed within the instrumental response time of the time‐resolved resonance Raman apparatus used (∼2 ps). In contrast, changes in the intensity and frequency of the iron‐histidine (Fe‐His) stretching mode upon dissociation of the trans ligand were found to occur in the picosecond regime. The Fe‐His band is absent for the CO‐bound form, and its appearance upon photodissociation was not instantaneous, in contrast with that observed in the vibrational modes of heme, suggesting appreciable time evolution of the Fe displacement from the heme plane. The band position of the Fe‐His stretching mode changed with a time constant of about 100 ps, indicating that tertiary structural changes of the protein occurred in a 100‐ps range. Temporal changes of the anti‐Stokes Raman intensity of the ν4 and ν7 bands demonstrated immediate generation of vibrationally excited heme upon the photodissociation and decay of the excited populations, whose time constants were 1.1 ± 0.6 and 1.9 ± 0.6 ps, respectively. In addition, the development of the time‐resolved resonance Raman apparatus and prospects in this research field are described. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and The Japan Chemical Journal Forum Chem Rec 1:258–275, 2001
Co‐constructing inquiry‐based science with teachers: Essential research for lasting reform
Authors: Keys Carolyn W. , Bryan Lynn A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this article we assert a potential research agenda for the teaching and learning of science as inquiry as part of the JRST series on reform in science education. Drawing on the theoretical frameworks of cognitive and sociocultural constructivism, cultural models of meaning, the dialogic function of language, and transformational models of teacher education, we propose that more research is needed in the areas of teachers' beliefs, knowledge, and practices of inquiry‐based science, as well as, student learning. Because the efficacy of reform efforts rest largely with teachers, their voices need to be included in the design and implementation of inquiry‐based curriculum. As we review the literature and pose future research questions, we propose that particular attention be paid to research on inquiry in diverse classrooms, and to modes of inquiry‐based instruction that are designed by teachers. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 38: 631–645, 2001
Interactions in developmental toxicology: Combined action of restraint stress, caffeine, and aspirin in pregnant mice
Authors: Colomina M. Teresa , Albina M. Luisa , Sanchez Domenec J. , Domingo Jose L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundStress can result in an increased use of substances such as caffeine and aspirin. The effect of maternal stress on concurrent exposure to caffeine and aspirin on prenatal development was assessed in mice.MethodsOn gestational day 9, mice were assigned to three treatment groups orally exposed to caffeine (30 mg/kg), aspirin (250 mg/kg), or a combination of caffeine (30 mg/kg) and aspirin (250 mg/kg). Three additional groups of pregnant animals received similar caffeine and aspirin doses and were immediately subjected to restraint for 14 hr. Control groups included unrestrained and restrained pregnant mice not exposed to caffeine or aspirin. All dams were euthanized on gestational day 18. Live fetuses were evaluated for sex, body weight, and external, internal, and skeletal malformations and variations.ResultsA single oral dose of caffeine or aspirin did not cause significant maternal toxicity. However, coadministration of these drugs with restraint produced some adverse maternal effects (i.e., reduction in maternal weight gain and food consumption on gestational days 9–11). In relation to embryo/fetal toxicity, the incidence of some skeletal defects was significantly increased after exposure to caffeine, aspirin, or maternal restraint, and their binary and ternary combinations.ConclusionsAlthough caffeine and aspirin were given in a single dose in this study, the results suggest that prenatal stress could slightly exacerbate the maternal and developmental toxicity of the combination of these drugs in mice. Teratology 63:144–151, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Patterns of first‐year survival among infants with selected congenital anomalies in Texas, 1995–1997
Authors: Nembhard Wendy N. , Waller D. Kim , Sever Lowell E. , Canfield Mark A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundFew registry‐based studies have investigated survival among infants with congenital anomalies. We conducted a registry‐based study to examine patterns and probability of survival during the first year of life among infants with selected congenital anomalies.MethodsData from the Texas Birth Defects Monitoring Division were merged with linked birth‐infant death files for 2,774 infants born January 1, 1995 to December 31, 1997, with at least 1 of 23 common anomalies. Deaths before the first birthday were assessed from infant death files. Kaplan–Meier was used to estimate first‐year survival; first‐year survival was assessed for specific anomalies and by the number of life‐threatening anomalies.ResultsOverall, 80.8% of infants with these 23 anomalies survived the first year of life. We observed the highest survival rates for infants with gastroschisis (92.9%, 95% CI = 86.8, 96.3), trisomy 21 (92.3%, 95% CI = 89.5, 94.4) or cleft lip with or without cleft palate (87.6%, 95% CI = 84.0, 90.5). Infants with intermediate survival rates included those with microcephaly (79.7%; 95% CI = 73.6, 84.6), tetralogy of Fallot (75.0%; 95% CI = 65.5, 82.2), or with diaphragmatic hernia (72.8%; 95% CI = 61.8, 81.2). As expected, all infants with anencephaly and almost all infants with trisomy 13 or trisomy 18 died during the first year of life. First‐year survival declined as the number of co‐occurring life‐threatening anomalies increased.ConclusionsOverall, first‐year survival for infants with congenital anomalies was high. Additional population‐based studies are needed to quantify improvements in first‐year survival. Teratology 64:267–275, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of the organophosphorus insecticide fenitrothion on growth in five freshwater species of phytoplankton
Authors: Sabater Consuelo , Carrasco Jose María 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe acute toxicity of the insecticide fenitrothion was measured using four freshwater algae (Chlorella saccharophila, Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus acutus, and Scenedesmus subspicatus) and one cyanobacteria (Pseudanabaena galeata). Insecticide concentrations eliciting 50% growth reduction over 96 hr (EC50) ranged from 0.84 to 11.9 mg/L. Fenitrothion was more toxic than other pesticides studied with the same algal species such as chlorsulfuron, molinate, and pyridaphenthion. The transformation of effective concentrations of fenitrothion and other pesticides obtained from toxicity measurements into percent of the saturation level in water is used as a first evaluation of potential hazard to aquatic systems. The insecticides fenitrothion and pyridaphenthion were less hazardous than the herbicides atrazine, benthiocarb, cinosulfuron, chlorsulfuron, methyl‐bensulfuron, and molinate. The two species of Chlorella and the cyanobacterium Pseudanabaena were more tolerant to fenitrothion than the two species of Scenedesmus. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Environ Toxicol 16: 314–320, 2001
A computer vision approach for textile quality control
Authors: Anagnostopoulos C. , Vergados D. , Kayafas E. , Loumos V. , Stassinopoulos G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTextile manufacturers have to monitor the quality of their products in order to maintain the high‐quality standards established for the clothing industry. Thus, textile quality control is a key factor for the increase of competitiveness of their companies. Textile faults have traditionally been detected by human visual inspection. However, human inspection is time consuming and does not achieve a high level of accuracy. Therefore, industrial vision units are of strategic interest for the textile industry as they could form the basis of a system achieving a high degree of accuracy on textile inspection. This work describes the software core of a system designed for fabric inspection on the basis of simple image‐processing operations as well as its efficiency on detection of usual textile defects. The prerequisites of the overall system are then discussed analytically, as well as the limitations and the restrictions imposed due to the nature of the problem. The software algorithm and the evaluation of the first results are also presented in details. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using Cartesian product for animation
Authors: Skapin X. , Lienhardt P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn the field of geometric modelling for animation, 4D modelling (time being the fourth dimension) seems to be a natural extension of 3D modelling. But time dimension is not easy to apprehend and 4D objects are difficult to interpret and to control in general. We study the application of space‐time Cartesian product to construct 4D space‐time objects; Cartesian product is applied to space‐time objects for which topological dimension is lesser than 4, and which are easy to interpret as animations. We propose here an interpretation of such objects, and we show how 4D space‐time objects, resulting from Cartesian product, can be interpreted (and therefore controlled) according to the operands of Cartesian product. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mobility‐based call admission control schemes for wireless mobile networks
Authors: Hou Jiongkuan , Fang Yuguang 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCall admission control (CAC) plays a significant role in providing the desired Quality of Service (QoS) in wireless networks. In this paper, we present some new call admission control schemes: mobility‐based call admission schemes and new call bounding schemes, for wireless mobile networks providing services to multiple classes of mobile users (i.e. pedestrians and vehicular travelers). Since the salient feature of wireless mobile networks is the mobility, an ongoing call in one place may have potential impact on the resource usage in another place in the future, the concept of influence curve is introduced to characterize such influence that an ongoing call exerts on the adjacent cells, according to which the channel reservation can be adjusted dynamically and mobility‐based call admission control schemes can be designed. To overcome potential congestion, we also propose a new call bounding scheme which places a direct limitation on the number of new calls admitted to a cell. Four CAC schemes are proposed and analyzed via analytical modeling and simulation study. It is shown that our schemes are more effective in providing QoS than other previously known schemes. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Constitutive promoter modules for PCR‐based gene modification in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: DeMarini Douglas J. , Carlin Edward M. , Livi George P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractInitial steps in investigating gene function often include deleting and overexpressing the gene of interest and identifying the subcellular location of the gene product. To facilitate these procedures, a number of new PCR modules, which contain selectable markers and in some cases other genetic elements (e.g promoter elements, epitope tags, and reporter genes) have been developed. These modules are used as PCR substrates to create products that can be targeted to specified locations in the yeast genome, thus modifying that genomic locus. We describe here a series of plasmids that contain a truncated version of the strong ADH1 promoter with and without amino‐terminal 3HA and GST tags. Because these plasmids contain the same vector sequences as the GAL1 promoter plasmids, a constitutive and an inducible promoter can now be integrated with a minimal number of primers. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cloning and sequencing the genomic encoding region of copper–zinc superoxide dismutase enzyme from several marine strains of the genus Debaryomyces (Lodder & Kreger‐van Rij)
Authors: Hernández‐Saavedra Norma Y. , Romero‐Geraldo Reyna 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCopper–zinc superoxide dismutase (SODC) is a cytosolic enzyme which catalyses the dismutation of the superoxide radical. Due to its physiological importance, the encoding genes have been cloned from several species of higher eukaryotes. However, genes from moulds and yeast have not been studied extensively. In this paper, the encoding region of this gene (sod1) has been cloned from several strains of marine yeast belonging to the genus Debaryomyces (dvv sod1, dvy sod1 and dh sod1‐61) through genomic DNA–PCR amplification. Fragments of 480–486 nucleotides were obtained, which contain information for products of 153–156 amino acids with calculated molecular masses of 15.8–16.6 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence shows that D. vanrijiae enzymes present three additional amino acids not closely related to the active site conformation. In addition, in D. vanrijiae var. vanrijiae (strain 020), one histidine residue is apparently replaced by a proline; the incidence and function of other aromatic or heterocyclic amino acids is discussed. Homology and phylogenetic trees were constructed from amino‐acid sequence multi‐alignment analyses; the interrelationships among fungi are discussed. The sod‐1 sequences reported in this paper were deposited in the public data library of the NCBI under Accession Nos AF301019, AF327449 and AF327448. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cloning of a fatty acid synthase component FAS1 gene from Saccharomyces kluyveri and its functional complementation of S. cerevisiae fas1 mutant
Authors: Kajiwara Susumu , Oura Takahiro , Shishido Kazuo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA gene encoding a fatty acid synthase component, FAS1, has been cloned from a genomic library of the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)‐producing yeast Saccharomyces kluyveri. This gene (named Sk‐FAS1) was found to contain an open reading frame of 6150 bp, coding for 2049 amino acids. The deduced Sk‐FAS1 protein showed significant (75–59%) homology with FAS proteins from the other yeasts, including S. cerevisiae, Candida albicans and Yarrowia lipolytica. The substrate‐binding sites of the acetyl transferase and malonyl/palmitoyl transferase domains, and the FMN‐ and NADPH‐binding sites of the enoyl reductase domain, were all highly conserved. Expression of the Sk‐FAS1 gene in S. cerevisiae complemented genetic disruption of the S. cerevisiae FAS1 gene (Sc‐FAS1), suggesting the formation of a heterogeneous complex of Sk‐FAS1 (β) and Sc‐FAS2 (α), which is able to function to synthesize fatty acids. Compared with the isogenic wild‐type of S. cerevisiae, as well as S. kluyveri, the S. cerevisiae fas1 mutant carrying the Sk‐FAS1 gene showed an increase in the relative amount of 16‐carbon fatty acids and a decrease in 18‐carbon fatty acids. The DDBJ Accession No. for the sequence reported in this paper is AB054690. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Candida albicans 14‐3‐3 gene, BMH1, is essential for growth
Authors: Cognetti David , Davis Dana , Sturtevant Joy 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe 14‐3‐3 proteins are a family of conserved small acidic proteins that have been implicated in playing major roles in a wide variety of signalling cascades. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the 14‐3‐3 genes (BMH1 and BMH2) are essential for normal pseudohyphal induction and normal bud cell development. The Bmh proteins function in the cAMP‐dependent RAS/MAPK and rapamycin‐sensitive signalling cascades. Deletion of only one BMH gene demonstrates no phenotypic differences under normal growth conditions. Strains deleted of both BMH1 and BMH2 are either non‐viable or demonstrate sensitivity to environmental stresses. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the BMH homologues (RAD24 and RAD25) are essential for cell cycle control after DNA damage and deletion of both genes renders the cell inviable. The 14‐3‐3 gene in Candida albicans (BMH1) was identified using a novel adherence assay and differential display RT–PCR. Unlike other yeasts, C. albicans has only one 14‐3‐3 gene (BMH1). It was not possible to construct double knockouts by routine methods. These results suggested that the C. albicans BMH1 gene is essential. The essentiality of C. albicans BMH1 was confirmed by a PCR disruption technique. The C. albicans bmh1Δ/BMH1 heterozygotes exhibit growth and morphogenetic defects. Therefore, the BMH1 gene in C. albicans (Accession No. AF038154) isan excellent candidate to improve our understanding of the coordinate regulation of cell cycle and morphogenesis. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thresholds for sweet, salt, and sour taste stimuli in cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus)
Authors: Matson Kevin D. , Millam James R. , Klasing Kirk C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLittle is known about avian taste perception and how taste affects food choice. We designed a study to determine the concentrations of aqueous solutions of common chemical taste stimuli that result in altered consumption patterns. Using two‐choice taste‐preference tests, we studied the taste thresholds of caged cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) for aqueous solutions of potassium chloride, a phosphate buffer (to test pH), fructose, and glucose. First, the preferred and nonpreferred bottle locations were determined for each bird. Then, depending on the compound, the test solutions were placed in bottles in either the preferred or the nonpreferred locations and water was placed in the opposite bottle. Four parameters were measured at the end of 3‐day test periods (total consumption, consumption from water side, consumption from test solution side, and proportion of nonpreferred side consumption to total consumption). Experiments were repeated with increasing concentrations of test flavors until intake variables were significantly affected (P < 0.05). Cockatiels distinguished (P < 0.05) between purified water and 0.16 mol L–1 potassium chloride, 0.40 mol L–1 fructose, or 0.16 mol L–1 glucose. The test birds did not distinguish between water and 0.05 mol L–1 mono‐ and dibasic sodium phosphate buffer solution at any tested pH within the range of 4.9–7.7. When these findings are compared to previous experiments with the same birds, it becomes clear that the gustatory reactions of cockatiels for two different stimuli (e.g., NaCl and KCl) from the same general taste category (salt, sweet, sour) can vary widely. This variation in the responses to related stimuli could be the result of a number of factors including anion effects (for salts and acids) as well as nongustatory physiological processes (e.g., as renal control of blood osmolarity). Zoo Biol 20:1–13, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A preliminary behavioral comparison of two captive all‐male gorilla groups
Authors: Stoinski T.S. , Hoff M.P. , Lukas K.E. , Maple T.L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractGorillas live in polygamous harem groups, generally composed of one male, several adult females, and their offspring. With an equal numbers of male and female gorillas born in captivity, however, housing gorillas in social breeding units inevitably means that some males will not have access to female social partners. Thus, the future of the captive gorilla population depends on the collective ability of zoos to house equal numbers of males and females. This study examined the behavioral profiles of two all‐male groups of captive lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) to provide information on this type of housing situation. One group consisted of three subadult individuals, while the other consisted of two subadults and a silverback. Data were collected during two 6‐month intervals, for a total of 284 hr. The behavioral profiles of the animals were stable over the course of the study but proximity patterns changed. Differences in feeding, solitary play, and object‐directed behavior were found between groups, while no significant differences were observed in affiliative or agonistic social behavior. At both institutions, group cohesion appeared to be high, particularly between subadults; these individuals spent approximately 10% of their time engaging in social behavior and 25–50% of their time in close proximity (within 5 m). However, the Zoo Atlanta males spent significantly more time within 1 m and 5 m of each other than the Santa Barbara males, which may reflect a higher level of cohesiveness among members of the Zoo Atlanta group. The behavioral profiles of the animals in this study were similar to those found in bachelor groups of wild mountain gorillas. One notable exception was the absence of homosexual behavior between the silverback and subadults in Santa Barbara and the low frequency of this behavior between subadults in both groups. Although more longitudinal data are needed, these data suggest that all‐male groups can be a feasible housing strategy for males at certain periods of their life span. Zoo Biol 20:27–40, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Artificial insemination in captive whooping cranes: Results from genetic analyses
Authors: Jones Kenneth L. , Nicolich Jane M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractArtificial insemination has been used frequently in the captive whooping crane (Grus americana) population. In the 1980s, it was necessary at times to inseminate females with semen from several males during the breeding season or with semen from multiple males simultaneously due to unknown sperm viability of the breeding males. The goals of this study were to apply microsatellite DNA profiles to resolve uncertain paternities and to use these results to evaluate the current paternity assignment assumptions used by captive managers. Microsatellite DNA profiles were successful in resolving 20 of 23 paternity questions. When resolved paternities were coupled with data on insemination timing, substantial information was revealed on fertilization timing in captive whooping cranes. Delayed fertilization from inseminations 6+ days pre‐oviposition suggests capability of sperm storage. Zoo Biol 20:331–342, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.