bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High peak-to-background-ratio solitons in a coherently driven active fiber cavity
Authors: Englebert Nicolas , Arabí Carlos Mas , Gorza Simon-Pierre , Leo François 
Published: December 2023

We demonstrate that the peak-to-background ratio of driven solitons can be greatly improved by harnessing the cavity detuning. We use a driven fiber laser pumped below the lasing threshold to increase the finesse and excite solitons in a very wide range of detuning δ. When driving a 50 m long fiber cavity close to the anti-resonance condition (δ = π), we excite sub-800 fs solitons with a peak-to-background ratio close to 30 000. The experimental results are in good agreement with simple theoretical models describing the soliton peak power and the background power.
Engaging older Australians in sexual health research: SHAPE2 survey recruitment and sample
Authors: Bourchier Louise , Temple-Smith Meredith , Hocking Jane , Bittleston Helen , Malta Sue 
Published: December 2023

Background Sexual health research rarely includes older age groups and the sexual health needs of older Australians are not well understood. Older adults are online in increasing numbers; however, internet surveys involving samples of older adults and sensitive topics remain uncommon. In 2021, we developed an online survey to explore the sexual health needs of Australians aged 60+ years. We describe here survey recruitment and sample obtained, comparing it with national population data (Australian Bureau of Statistics) and the sample of the similar ‘Sex, Age and Me’ study from 2015. Methods We recruited 1470 people with a staggered three-phase strategy: (1) emails to organisations and community groups; (2) paid Facebook advertising; and (3) passive recruitment. Half (50.6%) found out about the study via an organisation or group and just over a third (35.7%) from Facebook. Results The sample was equally balanced between men (49.9%) and women (49.7%) (0.4% other gender identities). Participants were aged 60–92 years (median 69 years) with all Australian States/Territories represented. Facebook recruits were younger, more likely to be working rather than retired, and more likely to live outside a major city, than those recruited by other means. Conclusions Using the recruitment methods described, we successfully obtained a diverse and fairly representative sample of older Australians within the constraints of a convenience sample and on a modest budget. This research sheds light on ways to engage an under-served demographic in sexual health research. Our experience shows that many older adults are amenable to recruitment for online sexual health surveys using the approaches outlined.
Cardinal direction judgment based on the integration of spatial reference frames in different
languages
Authors: Xu Qinghong , Ya Ru , Zhang Ermiao , Li Jie , Ah Ruhan , Li Min 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study investigates how integrated egocentric and environmental reference frames influence direction
determination and cardinal direction judgments in L1 speakers of Mongolian and Mandarin. The results show that in direction
determination, Mandarin participants’ integrated frame of reference is “front-north, back-south, left-west, and right-east.” By
contrast, Mongolian participants use two modes of integrated spatial representation: “front-south, back-north, left-east, and
right-west” and “front-north, back-south, left-west, and right-east”. This behavior points to influences from the participants’
dominant and non-dominant languages. Mongolian and Mandarin participants showed a north advantage in cardinal direction judgment
tasks with a “front-north” response configuration. Whereas Mandarin participants consistently showed a north advantage effect,
Mongolian participants showed a south advantage effect in the “front-south” configuration. This suggests that in addition to the
long-recognized difference in north-south/east-west axis preference, a north-south axis specification where south was the
normative direction instead of north can result from cultural and linguistic influence. The results corroborate the idea that
language affects the integration of spatial reference frames, lending support to linguistic relativism.
Investigation of the influence of process parameters on crack formation and mechanisms in Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb alloy via laser directed energy deposition
Authors: Cui Baolei , Liu Weijun , Bian Hongyou , Chen KeQiang , Xu Xiaowen 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb alloy was fabricated using laser directed energy deposition(LDED), and the impact of various process parameters on the macroscopic crack morphology was analyzed. The mechanism of crack formation was investigated through the analysis of crack microstructure, phase composition, crystal orientation, and elemental composition. The process parameters were optimized by response surface methodology(RSM) and the laser remelting method was used to suppress the crack formation. The results showed that the cracks were mainly caused by lack of fusion, residual stress during LDED and stress between different phases of TiAl alloy. The mismatch of process parameters results in insufficient energy for powder melting, ultimately leading to lack of fusion occurrence. To minimize crack formation, the response surface method was employed to optimize process parameters and reduce crack generation. The higher temperature gradient led to the existence of residual stress in the sample, and the higher stress between α
2 phase and B2 phase formed in the deposition process due to the difference of thermal expansion coefficients. The region where the two phases converge was the region with the highest crack sensitivity, and cracks occured in the region where α
2 phase and B2 phase converge in the form of excellent transgranular fracture. The samples prepared by using the optimized parameters can effectively restrain the cracks caused by lack of fusion, but can not restrain the cracks caused by the stress between phases. Laser remelting after LDED can not only reduce the temperature gradient and residual stress, but also remelt the unmelted powder on the surface of the as-deposited samples, effectively inhibiting the generation of cracks, and preparing crack-free samples.
Analysis of hospital length of stay and cost savings with an in-house heparin-induced thrombocytopenia antibody assay at a midsized institution
Authors: Raymond Caitlin , O’Rourke Michael , Dell’Osso Liesel , Golding Charles , Zahner Christopher 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Analysis of laboratory value often lacks assessment of the laboratory’s impact on quality of care. In this study, we aimed to determine the impact of bringing a heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) antibody assay in-house on a quality metric—patient hospital length of stay (LOS)—and assess any associated cost savings.

Methods
A retrospective review of patient visits with a HIT antibody assay over a 7-year period determined the mean LOS in send-out vs in-house HIT antibody assay cohorts as well as cohorts of positive and negative results. Our systemwide mean LOS and metrics of acuity were analyzed. We performed a financial analysis of estimated cost savings.

Results
We found a mean LOS reduction of 3.97 days in the in-house cohort, with no evidence of a systemwide LOS decrease or a decline in patient acuity. This reduction was largely driven by a reduction in LOS among patients with a negative assay result. We found an estimated total cost savings of $3.9 million and an estimated mean savings per patient of $7,305, despite escalating health care costs over time.

Conclusions
We demonstrated a reduction in LOS following the introduction of an in-house HIT antibody assay that cannot be attributed to either systemwide initiatives or reduced patient acuity and was driven largely by patients with negative assays. This reduction was associated with significant estimated cost savings.
Social construction, social kinds and exportation
Authors: Pagano Emilie 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Brian Epstein has argued (in The Ant Trap and ‘Anchoring versus grounding’) that social kinds ‘export’ across worlds. Although the conditions for war criminality are not ‘fixed’ in the Empire, for instance, Darth Vader is a war criminal there. And, according to Epstein, an account of social construction should imply that he is. Ultimately, he argues that ‘grounding-only’ accounts of social construction – like those proposed by Jonathan Schaffer and Aaron Griffith – imply that social kinds do not export across worlds. As a result, he argues that we need more than grounding; in particular, we need both grounding and what he calls ‘anchoring’ to account for it. In this paper, I argue that, once we draw a distinction between what I call ‘thick’ and ‘thin’ social kinds, Epstein’s argument is either invalid or irrelevant.
Children’s aspirations, their perceptions of parental aspirations, and parents’ factual aspirations—gaining insights into a complex world of interdependencies
Authors: Schörner Kerstin , Bittmann Felix 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Children’s educational aspirations have been shown to be highly relevant for their educational trajectories and, therefore, researchers have tried to understand how and when these aspirations are formed. The influence of parental aspirations on the development of children’s aspirations has often been the focus of such investigations in previous studies. Going beyond these earlier approaches, we address the question of how children’s aspirations might be influential for their parent’s aspirations. We also investigate if it is children’s perception of parental aspirations or parent’s factual aspirations, which play a role in the formation of children’s aspirations. This article contributes to the literature, first, on a theoretical basis, by providing a reasoned and interdisciplinary framework about mutually dependent processes of aspiration formations within families. Second, an empirical contribution is given, using data from the German National Educational Panel Study and analyzing the aspirations of 4,511 children and their parents. Our cross-lagged panel models show that children and parents influence each other in their aspirations mutually over time, with children being affected by both, the parent’s factual aspirations and the children’s perception of those. We give empirical-driven guidelines for future research on aspiration formation.
Single-lead electrocardiogram Artificial Intelligence model with risk factors detects atrial fibrillation during sinus rhythm
Authors: Dupulthys Stijn , Dujardin Karl , Anné Wim , Pollet Peter , Vanhaverbeke Maarten , McAuliffe David , Lammertyn Pieter-Jan , Berteloot Louise , Mertens Nathalie , De Jaeger Peter 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Aims
Guidelines recommend opportunistic screening for atrial fibrillation (AF), using a 30 s single-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) recorded by a wearable device. Since many patients have paroxysmal AF, identification of patients at high risk presenting with sinus rhythm (SR) may increase the yield of subsequent long-term cardiac monitoring. The aim is to evaluate an AI-algorithm trained on 10 s single-lead ECG with or without risk factors to predict AF.

Methods and results
This retrospective study used 13 479 ECGs from AF patients in SR around the time of diagnosis and 53 916 age- and sex-matched control ECGs, augmented with 17 risk factors extracted from electronic health records. AI models were trained and compared using 1- or 12-lead ECGs, with or without risk factors. Model bias was evaluated by age- and sex-stratification of results. Random forest models identified the most relevant risk factors. The single-lead model achieved an area under the curve of 0.74, which increased to 0.76 by adding six risk factors (95% confidence interval: 0.74–0.79). This model matched the performance of a 12-lead model. Results are stable for both sexes, over ages ranging from 40 to 90 years. Out of 17 clinical variables, 6 were sufficient for optimal accuracy of the model: hypertension, heart failure, valvular disease, history of myocardial infarction, age, and sex.

Conclusion
An AI model using a single-lead SR ECG and six risk factors can identify patients with concurrent AF with similar accuracy as a 12-lead ECG-AI model. An age- and sex-matched data set leads to an unbiased model with consistent predictions across age groups.
Prevalence, diagnostic delay and economic burden of endometriosis and its impact on quality of life: results from an Eastern Mediterranean population
Authors: Swift Bethan , Taneri Bahar , Becker Christian M , Basarir Hasan , Naci Huseyin , Missmer Stacey A , Zondervan Krina T , Rahmioglu Nilufer 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
There are limited data on endometriosis from the Eastern Mediterranean region. This study for the first time estimates the prevalence and impact of endometriosis on women in Northern Cyprus, an under-represented region in Europe.

Methods
Cyprus Women’s Health Research Initiative, a cross-sectional study recruited 7646 women aged 18–55 in Northern Cyprus between January 2018 and February 2020. Cases were identified using self-reported and ultrasound data and two control groups were defined, with (n = 2922) and without (n = 4314) pain. Standardized tools, including the 11-point Numerical Rating Scale and the Short Form 36 Health Survey version 2, were used to assess pain and quality of life, respectively.

Results
Prevalence and median diagnostic delay of endometriosis were 5.4% [95% confidence interval (CI): 4.9–5.9%, n = 410] and 7 (interquartile range 15.5) years. Endometriosis cases experienced a higher prevalence of bladder pain compared with asymptomatic pain controls (6.3% vs. 1.0%, P &lt; 0.001) and irritable bowel syndrome relating to pelvic pain compared with symptomatic (4.6% vs. 2.6%, P = 0.027) and asymptomatic (0.3%, P &lt; 0.001) controls. The odds of endometriosis cases reporting an anxiety diagnosis was 1.56 (95% CI: 1.03–2.38) higher than the symptomatic and 1.95 (95% CI: 1.30–2.92) times higher than the asymptomatic controls. The physical component score of the health-related quality-of-life instrument suggested a significant difference between the endometriosis cases and the symptomatic controls (46.8 vs. 48.5, P = 0.034). Average annual economic cost of endometriosis cases was Int$9864 (95% CI: $8811–$10 917) including healthcare, costs relating to absence and loss of productivity at work.

Conclusion
Prevalence was lower than the global 10% estimate, and substantial proportion of women without endometriosis reported moderate/severe pelvic pain hinting at many undiagnosed cases within this population. Coupled with lower quality of life, significant economic burden and underutilized pain management options, the study highlights multiple opportunities to improve care for endometriosis patients and women with pelvic pain.
The role of diet and host species in shaping the seasonal dynamics of the gut microbiome
Authors: Williams Claire E , Brown Ashli E , Williams Candace L 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe gut microbiome plays an important role in the health and fitness of hosts. While previous studies have characterized the importance of various ecological and evolutionary factors in shaping the composition of the gut microbiome, most studies have been cross-sectional in nature, ignoring temporal variation. Thus, it remains unknown how these same factors might affect the stability and dynamics of the gut microbiome over time, resulting in variation across the tree of life. Here, we used samples collected in each of four seasons for three taxa: the herbivorous southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum, n = 5); the carnivorous Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae, n = 5); and the red panda (Ailurus fulgens, n = 9), a herbivorous carnivore that underwent a diet shift in its evolutionary history from carnivory to a primarily bamboo-based diet. We characterize the variability of the gut microbiome among these three taxa across time to elucidate the influence of diet and host species on these dynamics. Altogether, we found that red pandas exhibit marked seasonal variation in their gut microbial communities, experiencing both high microbial community turnover and high variation in how individual red panda’s gut microbiota respond to seasonal changes. Conversely, while the gut microbiota of rhinoceros change throughout the year, all individuals respond in the same way to seasonal changes. Tigers experience relatively low levels of turnover throughout the year, yet the ways in which individuals respond to seasonal transitions are highly varied. We highlight how the differences in microbiome richness and network connectivity between these three species may affect the level of temporal stability in the gut microbiota across the year.
Coordinated upregulation of two CDP-diacylglycerol synthases, YnbB and CdsA, is essential for cell growth and membrane protein export in the cold
Authors: Kamemoto Yuki , Hikage Runa , Han Youjung , Sekiya Yusei , Sawasato Katsuhiro , Nishiyama Ken-ichi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
YnbB is a paralogue of CdsA, a CDP-diacylglycerol synthase. While the cdsA gene is essential, the ynbB gene is dispensable. So far, no phenotype of ynbB knockout has been observed. We found that a ynbB knockout strain acquired cold-sensitivity on growth under CdsA-limited conditions. We found that MPIase, a glycolipid involved in protein export, is cold-upregulated to facilitate protein export in the cold, by increasing the mRNA levels of not only CdsA but also that of YnbB. Under non-permissive conditions, phospholipid biosynthesis proceeded normally, however, MPIase upregulation was inhibited with accumulation of precursors of membrane and secretory proteins such as M13 procoat and proOmpA, indicating that YnbB is dedicated to MPIase biosynthesis, complementing the CdsA function.
The labor of communicatively coping: toward an Integrative Theory of Communication Work
Authors: Donovan Erin E , Hazlett Abigail Dalgleish 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
There is extensive evidence that when people are experiencing health stressors, they are also coping with communication stressors. Although the literature tends to loosely classify these experiences as “communication challenges,” we propose a more defined way of theorizing how people encounter and manage communicative demands. To that end, this article introduces an Integrative Theory of Communication Work. We first surface and summarize the underlying theoretical principles that support communication work logic. We present the primary assumptions of the theory and a typology of communication work tasks, positioning them in conversation with established scholarship and demonstrating how they are supported by emerging empirical evidence on communication work. Finally, we suggest opportunities to extend research by investigating factors that make communication more or less work.
The CODE^SHIFT model: a data justice framework for collective impact and social transformation
Authors: Ramasubramanian Srividya , Dutta Mohan J 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this article, we present an alternative framework that resists hegemonic social sciences within data-driven communication theorizing through a culture-centered approach (CCA). Building on the CCA in co-creating voice infrastructures at the margins, we argue that data justice requires transforming interpretive data framings, disrupting the hegemonic registers of knowledge production constituted around data, and working with/through data to challenge the structures of capitalism and colonialism that circulate the practices of exploitation and extraction. We build upon community-engaged projects emergent from the CCA in/with/from the Global South to propose the CODE^SHIFT Model, grounded in principles of equity-mindedness, collective impact, purposiveness, and systemic change. It highlights what data justice looks like in various stages of community-led transformation: identifying pressing social problems; bridging cross-sector coalitions and partnerships; organizing for collective impact activities; and sustaining capacity building. We reframe data as pluriversal, embodied, sacred, sovereign, disruptive, solidarity, and impossibility.
Assessing readiness for childhood obesity prevention in German municipalities: application of the community readiness model
Authors: Schröder Maike , Babitsch Birgit , Hassel Holger 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The World Health Organization has identified childhood obesity as one of the most serious public health problems of the 21st century. Understanding a municipality’s readiness to address it is crucial to achieve successful interventions. However, the preparedness of German municipalities to address childhood obesity has not yet been investigated. This study is the first in Germany to apply the community readiness model (CRM) in this context. The purpose was to determine readiness of five municipalities for childhood obesity prevention and to identify factors that influence their readiness. Therefore, 27 semi-structured key informant interviews were conducted. First, the interviews were analysed following the CRM protocol to categorize the municipalities into a readiness level between one and nine. In a second step, a content analysis was carried out for an in-depth interpretation of the readiness scores. The municipalities achieved an average readiness of 3.84, corresponding to the ‘Vague Awareness’ stage. A lack of prioritization and leadership support, insufficient low-threshold efforts, a lack of knowledge and problem awareness as well as a lack of structures and resources were identified as factors that can determine municipal readiness to prevent childhood obesity. This study not only extends the application of the CRM to childhood obesity in German municipalities but also offers practical implications for professionals in assessing readiness.
The Life-History Traits of Soil-Dwelling Nematode (Acrobeloides sp.) Exhibit More Resilience to Water Restriction Than Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Lu Leilei , Kang Ziqing , Sun Shan , Li Teng , Li Huixin 
Published: December 2023

Synopsis
In the context of climate warming, the intensity and frequency of drought occurrences are progressively increasing. However, current research on the impacts of drought on the life-history traits and physiological activities of animals rarely encompasses soil animals that play crucial roles within soil ecosystems. Therefore, this study focused on a soil nematode species (Acrobeloides sp.) and a model nematode (Caenorhabditis elegans) to investigate whether nematodes adjust the trade-off of their life-history traits to confront arid environments, utilizing a Petri dish experiment. Subsequently, we assessed the resilience of the two nematode species to moisture variations by comparing the extent of changes in various indicators (i.e., life-history traits, physiological traits, and oxidative stress) of nematodes before and after drought and rehydration. The results revealed that both nematode species are capable of adapting to arid environments by altering the trade-off between life-history traits. Specifically, they reduce reproductive investment and body mass while maintaining life span, thus responding to drought conditions. Follow-up rehydration experiments post-drought stress highlighted that the soil-dwelling nematode exhibits a superior recovery capacity in response to moisture fluctuations in comparison to the model nematode. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first investigation into life history of drought adaptation within soil-dwelling nematodes. Moreover, the findings hold significant implications for the exploration of drought adaptation and its mechanisms in soil-dwelling animals.