bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Christian Realism and Peacebuilding in Northern Ireland
Authors: Power Maria 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines faith-based peacebuilding through the prism of Christian realism. Using the three-fold definition of Christian Realism as (1) an engagement with biblically informed initiatives, (2) individuals and churches committed to justice, and (3) the creation of a community defined by love rather than justice, it explores examples that are emblematic of this approach. First, it examines the negotiations with republican paramilitaries undertaken by Protestant clergymen in the 1970s before exploring the quiet work of Quakers both at elite and community levels. It then analyses the engagement of women in peacebuilding, highlighting how their place in society meant that they could more easily work across community divisions. Finally, the chapter discusses the efforts of institutional churches to facilitate reconciliation post Good Friday Agreement. It concludes that justice is at the centre of all this work but that Christian realism helps them to accept the glacial nature of its progress.
Religion and Broadcasting in the Two Irelands
Authors: Savage Robert J. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The broadcast media proved a remarkably transformative force in twentieth-century Ireland. Beginning in the 1920s ‘wireless broadcasting’ quickly became a means of mass communication providing listeners access to an unprecedented volume of news, information, and entertainment. Television later emerged as a relentless cultural and political force, undermining many conservative institutions that helped define twentieth-century Irish society. In the Irish Republic and in Northern Ireland, early broadcasters were confronted by Catholic and Protestant leaders who were concerned about the power and influence of the broadcast media. This concern was caused by anxieties about the media’s ability to introduce a dangerous wave of secularism, atheism, communism, vulgarity, and crime. This chapter explores the relationship between the broadcast media and religious authorities across the island of Ireland. It will also consider how religious issues were negotiated, debated, and presented as broadcasting technology evolved to become an everyday part of Irish life.
Protestant Religion in Northern Ireland to 1980
Authors: Holmes Andrew R. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The religious beliefs and practices of Protestants in Northern Ireland have not been well served by scholars. ‘Protestant’ is reduced to a synonym for political unionism, and much attention has been devoted to sectarianism and the fundamentalism of Rev Ian Paisley. Yet religion cannot simply be reduced to political identity and conflict; it is also clear that the overwhelming majority of Protestants, and evangelicals specifically, did not join Paisley’s Free Presbyterian Church and remained members of mainstream Protestant denominations. Furthermore, Protestant religion in this period is unhelpfully described in binary terms—‘evangelicals’ versus ‘ecumenists’—a morality tale of reactionary conservatives stifling liberals who articulated an ecumenical or ‘dissenting’ vision. By placing the experience of Northern Ireland Protestants in broader perspectives, this chapter offers an interpretation that prioritizes religious developments, highlights the diversity of evangelicalism, and complicates the ‘evangelicals’ and ‘ecumenists’ binary.
The Abuse Crises in the Irish Christian Churches
Authors: Gallen James 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter describes the range of Christian institutions and forms of abuse including clerical sexual abuse, reformatory and industrial schools, Magdalene Laundries, Mother and Baby Homes, and forced adoptions. It evaluates the role of the Irish churches, with a focus on the Catholic Church in Ireland, the Irish state, and the Northern Ireland Assembly in three practices of dealing with the past: investigations, redress/compensation, and apologies. The histories of dominance, social control, and abuse in nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Ireland and the nature of the churches’ response to these crises are linked by their desire to maintain theological and moral authority. This desire greatly undermines the churches’ willingness and ability to respond to the abusive elements of their past in a manner that prioritizes the needs and rights of victim-survivors of abuse.
Animal Culture in Biodiversity Conservation
Authors: Greggor Alison L. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Social learning forms the basis for behaviour across diverse species, which can lead to stable behaviours being maintained within social groups or populations. These forms of non-human culture can be disrupted by population decline and human activity and can accelerate human-wildlife conflict behaviours. There is a growing recognition that cultural processes and cultural behaviours are therefore relevant and necessary for biodiversity conservation. When applied to conservation management and policy, culture can be used to define units of biodiversity worth preserving, serve as a mechanism explaining the decline of species or spread of deleterious behaviour, and used as a tool for manipulating behaviour for conservation gain. While these types of protections and interventions are still rarely employed, there are increasing opportunities for application. This chapter explores the value of understanding cultural behaviours and their transmission mechanisms for informing species’ conservation, helping highlight specific areas where the gap between non-human cultural research and management action can be narrowed to improve conservation outcomes.
Italy and Italies
Authors: Harris William V. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Italia was originally just the name of the toe of the peninsula, part of modern Calabria and eventually of Basilicata. This chapter asks how and when the name and the identity, “Italy” and “Italians,” spread northward, first to the peninsula as far as (approximately) the rivers Arno and Esino, then as far as the Alps. Having considered whether the peninsula as such ever had other names in pre-Roman times, the author argues that it was the Romans who imposed the name Italia; hence there is some paradox in the fact that many of the last Italian rebels against Rome fought for the independence of Italia/Viteliu.
The Greeks
Authors: Marconi Clemente 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Greek settlers migrated from mainland Greece, the Aegean islands, and Asia Minor to southern Italy and Sicily. This chapter focuses on the new communities created by the Greeks from the time of their founding (the eighth to the early sixth century BCE) to their gradual control by Rome (the third to the second century), highlighting a number of significant features of political, social, and cultural development within the larger context of pre-Roman Italy. Archaeological research at indigenous sites suggests that Greek culture was not passively assimilated but that certain features, usually involving a significant degree of choice and self-determination, were selectively adopted and often adapted.
The Phoenicians in Italy
Authors: Garbati Giuseppe 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Driven mainly by the search for minerals and the establishment of new markets, the Phoenicians reached the western Mediterranean at the beginning of the first millennium BCE. Part of a far-reaching phenomenon that saw the arrival in the west of different groups from the Levant, Cyprus, and the Aegean, they gave birth, in about two centuries, to a number of settlements that covered the vast area between Malta, North Africa, Sicily, Sardinia, and the Iberian peninsula. In all the regions where they had a stable presence, the Phoenicians participated in numerous forms of settlement, the character of which cannot be reduced to a single pattern derived from a pre-organized and consistent plan. This chapter traces the development of the Phoenician presence in central Italy and on the two main Italian islands.
The Long Sixth Century, 630–474 BCE
Authors: Smith Christopher 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
On the Italian peninsula in the sixth century BCE, settlements became concentrated, the population increased, larger settlements began to develop, and trade accelerated—the most significant characteristic of this period is its relative stability, which allows the many changes visible in the eighth and seventh centuries to become embedded in new power structures and new forms of material culture. References to the intersection between Greek history and the history of Italy appear, and some social and political forms begin to look similar to those in the Greek world. This chapter considers literary, epigraphic, and archaeological sources, and concludes with some reflections on the extent to which Italy operated as a unified area in this period, and what happened on the peninsula as the fifth century began.
The Latinization of Pre-Roman Italy
Authors: van Heems Gilles 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In the first millennium BCE, the Italian peninsula was home to a great variety of languages, some closely related and others very different. All these languages—except Greek, which had become established in southern Italy—were eventually replaced by the Latin that was spoken in Rome at the end of that millennium or the beginning of the Christian era. This chapter examines the stages, causes, and forms of the Latinization of Italy and the methods that allow for its study, focusing on particularly instructive case studies such as the self-Romanization of the elites, bilingualism, Gallia Cisalpina, Latin dialects, Faliscan, and the Sabellian languages.
The Lure of the East
Authors: Tuck Anthony 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
As identity within proto-urban communities became increasingly tied to family lineage in the Bronze Age, members of the elite on the Italian peninsula had emphasized the importance of procreation as the mechanism by which political identity was passed on. Beginning in the late eighth century BCE, Etruscan aristocrats had established contacts with merchants who brought certain types of luxury goods from the eastern Mediterranean, and these items began to appear in elite tombs—the objects simply provided a new means of expressing the same message about identity. This chapter examines the use of eastern images and their narratives to justify political authority.
Laws and Legal Systems
Authors: Tassi Scandone Elena 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter outlines what is known about the institutions and laws of the ancient Italic peoples. Using both autochthonous documents (relatively recent and not always easy to read) and the indirect testimony of Latin and Greek authors (which is somewhat unreliable), it attempts to outline the basic characteristics of the Italic legal systems, taking into account their respective limitations. The founding structures of the juridical community (the populus, the gentes, and the principes/magistratus) and the scope of the operation of both private and public norms are discussed. The legal relations between the various communities of pre-Roman Italy are described in detail, with an emphasis on international law.
Italy
Authors: Maiuro Marco 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Even today, the geographic and demographic structure of Italy is indebted to the pre-Roman period. In 900 BCE, for example, the peninsula was a world of small villages inhabited by a few hundred people living in huts made of clay and straw; by the end of the millennium, it included several hundred cities, each endowed with monumental architecture and thousands of city dwellers. More generally, the Italian peninsula, which initially occupied a geopolitically peripheral position in the Mediterranean region, became the center of the political decision-making process in the first century BCE. Even by mid-millennium, there were already very large cities, including the coastal Etruscan cities, some Venetic cities, Rome, and all the major Greek colonies, aided by artisans from abroad and intensified overseas commerce. Despite this development, at the beginning of the second century, the reality of the Italic peoples was radically different from that of the Romans. But within a few generations, as a by-product of dramatic events (the Social War, the civil wars) and as an important pebble in a larger mosaic, the empire, the Italian unification would be completed. In fact, pre-Roman territorial and cultural divisions came to the fore and re-emerged once the tiny cultural construction of Italian unity under Augustus was swept away. Two fundamental features seem to characterize Italian identity: a significant degree of military aggression and an astonishingly high degree of human mobility. Both are explored in depth in this introduction, along with historical questions of identity, unity, and periodization.
Coins and Civic Identities
Authors: Polosa Annalisa 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The Greek cities of Sicily and the southern part of the Italian peninsula struck coins in precious metal from the second half of the sixth century BCE. Thus, this chapter begins by examining the role of coinage as an expression of civic identity in Magna Graecia, and then explores the indigenous populations’ approach to money, tracing its development up to the creation of the Roman monetary system. The Roman use of numismatic iconography to convey a message of identity is discussed, as is Rome’s role in the adoption by the indigenous peoples of Italy of coin types that referred to their traditions.
Instability and Change, 474–270 BCE
Authors: Miano Daniele 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The years between 474 and 270 represent a period of transition in the history of pre-Roman Italy. Political division continues for most of this period, while new forms of organization develop. The dramatic movements of peoples cause significant cultural and demographic changes. At the same time, Rome forges the juridical and military instruments essential to its hegemony. In the final decades of the period, the cities and peoples of Italy gradually lose their independence to Rome, and they find new ways to exercise political agency. This chapter discusses some of the most significant issues concerning the history of this crucial period.
Stability analysis of the rock zone between the tunnel face and the fault fracture zone
Authors: Du Jianming , Dong Baosheng , Zhang Xuan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Water and mud inrush is one of the main safety accidents that occur during tunnel construction in water-rich karst regions. Often, faulting occurs in front of the tunnel face, creating a conduit for water and inrush disasters can easily occur. Accurately predicting the safety distance between the tunnel face and the fault fracture zone allows for effectively avoiding water and mud inrush disasters during construction. First, an analytical model of the safety distance of water and mud inrush prevention is proposed, in which the rock zone between the tunnel face and the fault fracture zone is considered a thick rectangular plate with simple support on four sides. Subsequently, the proposed model is successfully verified through comparison with two existing models and engineering cases. Finally, the influence of main model parameters on the safety distance is further determined. This study shows that: (i) The safety distance increases with the increase in the cross-sectional height and width, and the burial depth of the tunnel; (ii) The safety distance increases with the increase in the effective gravity of the rock inside the fault fracture zone and the height of the groundwater table, and decreases in the dip angle of the fault; (iii) The safety distance increases with the increase in fault width, and the fault length has little influence on the safety distance.
Towards human-like automated vehicles: review and perspectives on behavioural decision making and intelligent motion planning
Authors: Xie Jiming , Qin Yaqin , Zhang Yan , Chen Tianshun , Wang Bijun , Zhang Qiyue , Xia Yulan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Rapid advancements in automated vehicles (AVs) technology have transformed the measurability, controllability and unpredictability of transportation systems. Evaluating driving risk and effectively managing driving behaviours is critical. AVs should be enabled to identify, analyse, evaluate and devise effective countermeasures for driving risk by autonomously learning from human driving experiences. This learning will enhance the interactive decision-making capabilities and achieve driving behaviours that reflect human-like logic. The primary challenge lies in integrating human-like logic and driving risk constraints based on behavioural decision-making outcomes. This integration is crucial to align the AVs' cognitive levels—movement, comprehension, memory and inference—more closely with human driving necessities, habits and styles. Such alignment holds the potential to improve the prediction and planning of future actions and facilitate the development of motion planning schemes geared towards minimizing driving risk. We performed a comprehensive review of AVs' behavioural decision-making and intelligent motion-planning research from 2000 to 2023 from four key perspectives—driving risk, human-like logic, behavioural decision making and motion planning. Based on the Web of Science and China National Knowledge Internet database, the results of our review indicate that significant progress has been made in AV behavioural decision making and intelligent motion planning over time. When AVs and human-driven vehicles coexist, greater incorporation of human-like logic is required. Guided by these findings, we delineate future development directions and propose a research paradigm for human-like logic and a research framework for human-like logic-driven behavioural decision making and intelligent motion planning of AVs.
Broadband coplanar-waveguide-based impedance-transformed Josephson parametric amplifier
Authors: Qing Bingcheng , Nguyen Long B. , Liu Xinyu , Ren Hengjiang , Livingston William P. , Goss Noah , Hajr Ahmed , Chistolini Trevor , Pedramrazi Zahra , Santiago David I. , Luo Jie , Siddiqi Irfan 
Published: February 2024

Quantum-limited Josephson parametric amplifiers play a pivotal role in advancing the field of circuit quantum electrodynamics by enabling the fast and high-fidelity measurement of weak microwave signals. Therefore, it is necessary to develop robust parametric amplifiers with low noise, broad bandwidth, and reduced design complexity for microwave detection. However, current broadband parametric amplifiers either have degraded noise performance or rely on complex designs. Here, we present a device based on the broadband impedance-transformed Josephson parametric amplifier that integrates a hornlike coplanar waveguide transmission line, which significantly decreases the design and fabrication complexity while keeping comparable performance. The device shows an instantaneous bandwidth of 700 (200) MHz for 15 (20) dB gain with an average input saturation power of −110 dBm and near quantum-limited added noise. The operating frequency can be tuned over 1.4 GHz using an external flux bias. We further demonstrate the negligible backaction from our device on a transmon qubit. The amplification performance and simplicity of our device promise its wide adaptation in quantum metrology, quantum communication, and quantum information processing.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
The effect of lean, agile, resilient and sustainable (LARS) HRM on the environmental performance: the mediating role of green innovation
Authors: Ouragini Imen , Ben Achour Imen , Lakhal Lassaad 
Published: February 2024

PurposeThe current study’s goal is to investigate how lean, agile, resilient and sustainable human resource management (LARS HRM) affects green innovation and environmental performance, both directly and indirectly.Design/methodology/approachPartial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze the data based on a sample of 273 Tunisian businesses in the industrial and service sectors that were certified ISO 9001.FindingsWith the exception of AHRM–GPdtI, the results show that the mainstream advanced theory on direct effects was verified. With regard to indirect effects, everything of the literature that was presented was accepted, with the exception of the relationship between AHRM–GPdtI–EP, AHRM–GPssI–EP and RHRM–GPdtI–EP.Originality/valueThis research is distinctive in that it aims to incorporate every LARGS paradigm within the HRM field. By taking green innovation into consideration, it closes the current gaps on the direct and indirect effects of LARS HRM on environmental performance. Our study is unique in that it incorporates large, industry-operating, certified ISO 9001 firms with those in the service sector, with the goal of achieving greater generalization of results.
Food marketing to young adults: platforms and persuasive power in Canada
Authors: Elliott Charlene , Truman Emily , LeBel Jordan 
Published: February 2024

Purpose
Food marketing has long been recognized to influence food preferences, consumption and health, yet little is known about the nature and extent of food marketing to young adults – especially with respect to their real-world encounters with food marketing and the appeals they find persuasive. This study aims to engage young adults to explore the persuasive power of food marketing and its platforms of exposure.

Design/methodology/approach
Participatory research with 45 young adults, who used a specially designed mobile app to capture the food marketing they encountered for seven days, including information on brand, product, platform and “power” (i.e. the specific techniques that made the advertisement persuasive).

Findings
A total of 618 ads were captured for analysis. Results revealed the dominance of digital platforms (especially Instagram, comprising 43% of ads), fast food and beverage brands (48% of ads) and the top persuasive techniques of visual style, special offer and theme.

Originality/value
This study uniquely draws from framing theory to advance the notions of selection and salience to understand food marketing power. It is the first study of its kind to provide a comprehensive look at the platforms and persuasive techniques of food marketing to adults as selected, captured and tagged by participants. It provides timely insights into young adults and food marketing to adults, including where it is encountered, the (generally unhealthy) brands and products promoted and how it is made meaningful.