bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biochar Addition Reduces the Effect of High Nitrogen on Soil–Microbial Stoichiometric Imbalance in Abandoned Grassland on the Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Liu Shuainan , Xie Mingjun , Lu Wende , Zhang Xinyue , Du Mengyin , Yao Yao , Yuan Jianyu , Li Guang 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTProgressively higher atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition increasingly affects soil ecosystems' elemental cycling and stability. Biochar (BC) amendment has emerged as a possible means of preserving soil system stability. Nevertheless, the pattern of soil–microbial nutrient cycling and system stability in response to BC after high N deposition in ecologically sensitive regions remains uncertain. Therefore, we investigated the effects of high N (9 g N·m−2·a−1), BC (0, 20, 40 t·ha−1), and combinations of the treatments on soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), nitrogen (MBN), phosphorus (MBP), microbial entropy (qMB), and stoichiometric imbalance (Cimb:Nimb:Pimb). We found that high N addition decreased topsoil (0–20 cm) TP, C:N, qMBN, and Cimb:Nimb values and increased TN, C:P, N:P, qMBP, Cimb:Pimb, and Nimb:Pimb values. However, BC addition increased 0–40 cm soil qMBC and Nimb:Pimb values and decreased qMBN, Cimb:Nimb, and Cimb:Pimb values. Meanwhile, high BC additions attenuated BC's promotion of soil–microbial nutrients. We observed that a mixture of high N and BC increased the 0–40 cm SOC and TP content, promoted the accumulation of MBN and MBP in the subsoil (20–40 cm), and decreased the topsoil Cimb:Pimb and Nimb:Pimb values compared to high N additions. The impact of high N and BC additions on N and P elements varied significantly between the different soil depths. In addition, redundancy analysis identified C:N, MBC, MBN, and C:P as pivotal factors affecting alterations in soil qMB and stoichiometric imbalance. Overall, adding BC reduced the negative impacts of high N deposition on the stability of soil–microbial systems in the Loess Plateau, suggesting a new approach for managing ecologically fragile areas.
Responses of Littorina spp. Intertidal Snails to Thermal Extremes Indicate Countergradient Variation in Fitness
Authors: Titmuss Ffion Dylan , Albecker Molly A. , Lotterhos Katie E. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTGlobal change models predict not only a steady increase in temperatures but also an increase in the occurrence of hot and cold extremes. Organisms' responses to thermal extremes will depend on species‐specific traits and the degree of within‐species variation (among populations), with populations from warmer latitudes often predicted to have higher thermal tolerance than populations from colder latitudes. The evolution of population‐specific responses, however, can be limited by gene flow that homogenises populations. Here, we investigate this relationship with a study of the survival of Littorina littorea, L. obtusata, and L. saxatilis—marine snails with varying dispersal potential—collected on either side of a known biogeographic break. Snails were laboratory‐acclimated for several weeks before undergoing exposures to extreme heat, extreme cold, or ambient conditions, and individual mortality was recorded after each exposure. In line with common predictions, we observed that the degree of population divergence in survival under thermal extremes was negatively related to dispersal potential, and that populations from the colder latitude generally had higher survival of sub‐freezing temperatures. Contrary to common predictions, however, we observed greater survival after extreme heat in populations from colder latitudes than in their warmer‐latitude counterparts, a pattern known as countergradient variation. This experiment highlights counterintuitive responses to thermal extremes, emphasising that colder‐latitude populations could experience population growth under more extreme climates due to higher survival at both hot and sub‐freezing thermal extremes.
A conceptual meta‐level digital twin architecture for energy communities in Romania and other ex‐communist countries
Authors: Oprea Simona‐Vasilica , Bâra Adela 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn contrast to the prevalent ecological motivations seen in European Energy Communities (ECs), in Romania, the driving forces behind EC initiatives are somewhat different. Approximately 60% of these initiatives are primarily focused on addressing energy poverty. The remaining 40% are primarily driven by a desire for energy autonomy. This article explores the intricate landscape of EC projects, focusing on their role in aligning with climate change necessities. We delve into the current state of the energy industry, identifying critical needs, gaps, and challenges that hinder their full potential. Furthermore, we propose potential research directions to bridge these gaps, emphasizing the development of a Meta‐level digital twin (DT) architecture. It aims to enhance decision‐making processes by simulating energy systems and their real‐time responses to various scenarios and regulatory changes. Then, we focus on cost‐effectiveness of installing PV systems in Romania and estimate the current technical potential for households (12.9 GW) and prosumers' PV installations in 2030 and 2050. To forecast the adoption of PV from 2025 to 2030 and 2050, the proposed model relies on several assumptions, such as annual decreases in CAPEX by 1%, in OPEX by 0.15%, increment in electricity prices by 0.1% per year, degradation rate of 0.1% per year for PV systems. The following projections are obtained for 2030 (3948 MW) and for 2050 (5265 MW), estimating that the growth rate from 2030 to 2050 will be 33%.
Effect of Thickness on Performance of Thermal Management System for a Prismatic Lithium‐Ion Battery Using Phase Change Material
Authors: Morali Uğur 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPhase change material cooling method as a zero energy consumption cooling system has a good prospect in battery thermal management systems. Therefore, the thermal response of the lithium‐ion battery in the presence of a phase change material was explored in this study. The lithium‐ion battery was subjected to high discharge conditions (5 C‐rate) at high ambient temperatures (35°C and 40°C). The results showed that the usage of phase change materials with a thickness of 1 mm can reduce battery temperature and deliver a better temperature difference in a lithium‐ion battery. Results also revealed that for a 14.6 Ah lithium‐ion battery under a 5 C discharge rate, a phase change material cooling system with a thickness of 1 mm can reduce the maximum temperature from 51.64°C at 35°C and 55.85°C at 40°C ambient temperatures (without phase change material) to 43.04°C and 43.81°C, respectively. It was concluded that the phase change material system with a thickness of 1 mm can manage the maximum battery temperature and temperature difference in the desirable range at an extreme discharge rate of 5 C. The results obtained from this study can be used as guidance in the design of battery thermal management systems including phase change materials.
The Hidden Value of Adult Informal Care in Europe
Authors: Costa‐Font Joan , Vilaplana‐Prieto Cristina 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe hidden value of adult informal care (IC) refers to the unaccounted value of informal care in overall costs of long‐term care (LTC) estimates. This paper estimates the net value of adult IC in Europe, drawing on a well‐being‐based methodology. We use an instrumental variable strategy and a longitudinal and cross‐country dataset to estimate the causal effect of the extensive and intensive margin of caregiving on subjective well‐being. We estimate the so‐called compensating surplus (CS), namely the income equivalent transfer, to compensate for the net disutility of caregiving. We show that IC reduces average subjective well‐being by about 1% compared to the mean (6% among co‐residential caregivers). Relative to a country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the value of IC ranges between 4.2% in France and 0.85% in Germany. Such relative value declines as the country's share of formal LTC spending increases. These results call for a reconsideration of the existing classifications of LTC regimes. We estimate that the average CS per hour for IC is 9.55€, with a range from 22€ per hour in Switzerland to 5€ per hour in Spain. Additionally, we estimate that the long‐term CS (estimated using an individual’s permanent income) tends to be lower than short‐term CS (estimated using an individual’s current income).
Recent Progress in Visible Light‐Mediated Synthesis of γ‐lactams
Authors: Pradhan Suman , Das Shoubhik 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe integration of sustainable practices, such as employing renewable light sources for synthesizing valuable synthetic scaffolds, has been progressing over the past few decades. Among these noteworthy organic frameworks, lactams, particularly γ‐lactams, have established their prominence due to their extensive applications in the pharmaceutical, agricultural, and medicinal domains. This growing significance of γ‐lactams has spurred considerable interest in their synthesis, especially via milder, more sustainable, and environmentally friendly methods. In recent years, numerous innovative reaction mechanisms have been explored, highlighting how photocatalysis can enable the formation of γ‐lactams from readily accessible precursors through C−N bond formation and cyclization processes. This review emphasizes the potential of photocatalytic strategies to not only enhance current synthetic methods for γ‐lactams but also foster the development of greener and more sustainable chemical processes for the future.
Prenatal diagnosis and clinical pregnancy outcome of fetuses with conotruncal defects in a Chinese cohort
Authors: Li Min , Wu Yi , Chen Yiyao , Wang Hui , Cheng Weiwei , Ye Baoying 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to explore genetic etiologies of conotruncal defects (CTDs) in fetuses by analyzing the results of different genetic tests and to assess pregnancy outcomes of fetuses with CTD in a Chinese prenatal cohort.MethodsA total of 146 fetuses that underwent invasive prenatal genetic testing for CTD at the prenatal diagnosis center of the International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital between January 2018 and December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.All of them underwent chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and karyotype analysis, but only 27 underwent whole‐exome sequencing (WES). The results of these different genetic testing methods were collected and compared. Data on pregnancy outcomes and neonate prognosis were obtained from the electronic medical records and postpartum telephone follow‐up.ResultsAmong the 146 fetuses with CTD, the chromosome abnormality rate was 22.6% (33/146), and the detection rate of abnormal chromosomes in CMA and karyotype was 15.8% (23/146). Among the 27 pregnant women who accepted WES, five had pathogenic variants. The detection rate of abnormal chromosomes by CMA was higher in infants with an interrupted aortic arch (IAA) than in the other infant groups (60.0%, χ2 = 11.661, P = 0.045, c2‐test or Fisher's exact test).ConclusionCongenital heart disease is a complex congenital heart disease with an etiology closely related to genetic abnormalities. Therefore, invasive genetic testing and CMA are recommended as first‐line tests for all fetuses with CTD detected by prenatal ultrasound, especially IAA. WES should be recommended when necessary.
The Effect of Anti‐Activin Receptor Type IIA and Type IIB Antibody on Muscle, Bone and Blood in Healthy and Osteosarcopenic Mice
Authors: Bromer Frederik Duch , Lodberg Andreas , Eijken Marco , Andersen Christian Brix Folsted , Poulsen Mathias Flensted , Thomsen Jesper Skovhus , Brüel Annemarie 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundAnti‐Activin Receptor Type IIA and Type IIB antibody (αActRIIA/IIB ab) is a recently developed drug class that targets the activin receptor signalling pathway. Inhibition of receptor ligands (activins, myostatin, growth differentiation factor 11, etc.) can lead to skeletal muscle hypertrophy, bone formation, and increased haematopoiesis. Despite the αActRIIA/IIB ab, bimagrumab, having progressed to clinical trials, two crucial questions about αActRIIA/IIB ab therapy remain: Does αActRIIA/IIB ab influence bone metabolism and bone strength similarly to its generic classmates (activin receptor‐based ligand traps)? Does αActRIIA/IIB ab affect red blood cell parameters, thereby increasing the risk of thromboembolism, similar to its generic classmates? Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of αActRIIA/IIB ab in a mouse model of concurrent sarcopenia and osteopenia and to investigate the effect on bone and haematopoiesis in more detail.MethodsIn C57BL/6JRj mice, combined sarcopenia and osteopenia were induced locally by injecting botulinum toxin A into the right hindlimb, resulting in acute muscle paresis. Immediately after immobilization, mice received twice‐weekly intraperitoneal injections with αActRIIA/IIB ab (10 mg/kg) for 21 days, after which they were sacrificed. Muscle mass, skeletal muscle fibre size and Smad2 expression were analysed in the rectus femoris and gastrocnemius muscles. Bone mass and bone microstructure were analysed in the trabecular bone at the distal femoral metaphysis, while the cortical bone was analysed at the femoral mid‐diaphysis. In a substudy, the effect on haematopoiesis was explored 2 and 7 days after a single αActRIIA/IIB ab (30 mg/kg) injection in C57BL/6JRj mice.ResultsαActRIIA/IIB ab caused a large increase in muscle mass in both healthy (+21%) and immobilized (sarcopenic and osteopenic) (+12%) mice. Furthermore, αActRIIA/IIB ab increased trabecular bone (bone volume fraction) for both healthy (+65%) and immobilized (+44%) mice. For cortical bone, αActRIIA/IIB ab caused a small, but significant, increase in bone area (+6%) for immobilized mice, but not for healthy mice. Treatment with αActRIIA/IIB ab did not change red blood cell count, haemoglobin concentration or mean cell volume after either 2 or 7 days.ConclusionsTreatment with αActRIIA/IIB ab caused a significant increase in both skeletal muscle mass and bone parameters in both healthy and immobilized mice, suggesting a potential in the treatment of concurrent osteopenia and sarcopenia. Interestingly, the bone anabolic effect of the treatment was much more pronounced on trabecular bone than on cortical bone. There was no pronounced effect of short‐term treatment on haematopoiesis.
Morphological Criteria for Staging Near‐Hatching Embryos of the Domesticated Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) and Swan Goose (Anser cygnoides)
Authors: Arnaout Bassel , Brzezinski Kaylen , Steventon Benjamin , Field Daniel J. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTStudying avian embryology necessitates reliable and precise staging tables—descriptions of embryonic features appearing during development that are used to approximate the extent of embryonic development from fertilisation to hatching. Staging tables for waterfowl (Anseriformes) have previously been established based on morphological features from fertilisation to approximately 10 days before hatching. Embryonic changes over the final 10 days of pre‐hatching development have also been documented and proposed as useful staging criteria. However, the reliability of these changes—which focus on the size of the bill and middle toes—as useful staging criteria across different waterfowl breeds has not been fully examined. To evaluate the reliability of these criteria for staging near‐hatching embryos, we examined 27 embryos of Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) and Swan Goose (Anser cygnoides). Comparisons with previously published data revealed that size variation within the same developmental stage across breeds is equivalent to within‐breed variation across different stages, suggesting limited reliability of bill and middle toe size for staging waterfowl embryos. Consequently, we devised novel staging criteria for waterfowl based on four easily measurable morphological traits and show that these criteria allow correct stage identification with over 70% accuracy. Our results highlight the importance of quantifying staging accuracy for improving the reliability of embryonic staging tables.
Influence of sodium benzoate on key colloid properties of sodium lauryl ether sulfate: Identification of a possible interfacial structure decoupler
Authors: Mata‐Zabala Ericson , Rattia Bravo Luz Margarita , Patiño‐Agudelo Álvaro Javier , Santos Silva Lucas , Barrios Nelson , Pereira Juan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSurfactant–oil–water (SOW) systems, particularly when packaged in metal containers, require chemical reagents with preservative and anticorrosive properties. This study aims to investigate the influence of sodium benzoate (NaBz) on fundamental interfacial properties of the surfactant lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) with two ethoxylation units (EO = 2). Using a combination of surface tension, electrical conductivity, and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) measurements, we evaluated SLES systems in the presence of NaCl, NaBz, and various mixtures of these salts using salinity scans, at room temperature. NaBz inhibits the formation of triphasic system in SOW formulation. The thermodynamic stability of SLES micelles followed the order: with entropy being the primary driving force. The results suggest that NaBz acts as a potential interfacial structure decoupler. This novel behavior of NaBz may have important implications for its use in SOW systems, particularly in formulations requiring stability and integrity in aggregation state.
Predictors of Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disease in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Campbell Brett , Kacin Alexa J. , Morey JoAnn , Risley Courtney Loper , Ashoor Isa F. , Ferguson Michael , Rodig Nancy , Somers Michael , Kim Hae‐Young , Shearer A. Eliot 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivePosttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a complication of pediatric solid organ transplantation. Benign adenotonsillar lymphoid hyperplasia confounds the ability to diagnose PTLD. Our aim was to identify factors that predict the presence of PTLD to inform decision‐making regarding adenotonsillectomy.MethodsThe electronic medical records at a quaternary children's hospital were queried over a 23‐year period (2000–2023) for solid organ transplant patients that underwent tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy. Demographics, clinical presentation, and EBV serologies were analyzed to determine factors associated with presence of PTLD on final pathology.ResultsA total of 114 patients met inclusion criteria for analysis. Thirty‐two of the 114 patients (28.1%) who underwent tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy had PTLD. Age at transplant, age at biopsy, sex, race, and type of organ transplanted were not found to be associated with development of PTLD. Patients with PTLD were more likely to have smaller tonsils, sore throat, fever, and tonsillar exudate; they were less likely to experience sleep disordered breathing. The immunosuppression agent used for induction and the number of maintenance immunosuppressive medications were not associated with the development of PTLD. Increased Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) PCR copy number correlated to increased risk of developing PTLD (p < 0.003).ConclusionTonsillar hypertrophy and sleep disordered breathing are not necessarily indicative of the presence of PTLD. Suspicion for adenotonsillar PTLD should be based on symptomatology, clinical exam, EBV serologies, and degree of EBV PCR positivity. Sore throat, fever, tonsillar exudates, and significant elevation in EBV PCR copy number are particularly concerning for PTLD.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 2025
Study on the Characteristics of Soil Depletion and Degradation in the Coal Fire Area of the Southern Junggar Coalfield, Xinjiang, China
Authors: Shen Li , Zeng Qiang 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTCoal mining can lead to coal spontaneous combustion, especially in arid and semi‐arid areas, and soil can suffer varying degrees of depletion and degradation, which can be harmful to the regional eco‐environment. However, the characteristics of soil depletion and degradation are not yet clear in the coal fire areas, and there are fewer soil quality assessments. In this study, we studied the characteristics of soil ions, nutrient and their stoichiometric ratios at different sampling points and different thermal effects. The principal component analysis and membership function were used to calculate the soil quality index (SQI) to comprehensively evaluate the impact of different thermal effects on soil quality (SQ). The results showed that soil cations were dominated by Na+ and anions by Cl− and SO42−, and the higher the temperature, the higher the concentration of SO42−. The concentrations of Na+ and Cl− tended to increase with increasing temperature, while the opposite was true for K+ and SO42−. Soil organic carbon (SOC) increased with increasing temperature, Total nitrogen (N) content was lower when heated at 40°C 5 d, and the N:P ratio was 8.99. The degree of soil degradation at this time was only lower than that at 70°C for 10 and 20 d, which indicated that the SQ was initially affected by the temperature. The analysis using principal component analysis and membership function showed that the Sikeshu (SKS) fire area (SQI = 0.183) was lower than the Wugong (WG) fire area (SQI = 0.281). In the homemade heating experiment, the SQI of the soil affected by thermal effects was lower than that of the raw soil. The SQIs were consistent at 40°C 20 d and 70°C 10 d, indicating that the effect of low temperature for a long time and high temperature for a short time on SQ can be equivalent. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for SQ improvement and ecological restoration in coal fire areas.
Attachment Style Predicts Emotion Regulation, Help‐Seeking, and Recovery in Psychosis
Authors: Tiller Jacqui , Maguire Tess , Newman‐Taylor Katherine 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTUntreated psychosis can have a devastating impact on individuals and their families. Recommended therapies are underutilised. Attachment theory provides a framework to understand intra‐ and interpersonal responses to threat cues, such as voices and paranoia, which affect recovery. This is the first study to test a coherent set of theory‐driven predictions about the impact of attachment style on people's ability to manage distress associated with psychosis, and seek help effectively. We used a cross‐sectional design to examine the impact of attachment style on emotional regulation, help‐seeking intentions, service engagement, and clinical and recovery outcomes in people with psychosis. We recruited a total of 65 participants with psychosis from community and NHS pathways. Participants completed standardized measures of predictor and dependent variables at one‐time point. Regression analyses showed that insecure attachment (anxious and avoidant) predicted more use of unhelpful emotional regulation strategies, less help‐seeking, and poorer clinical and recovery outcomes, with medium to large effects (p < 0.05). We found no effects for service engagement. Attachment style predicts intra‐ and interpersonal responses to threat in psychosis, and may partially account for the considerable variation in engagement with recommended therapies, and longer‐term outcomes. Routine assessment of attachment at initial service contact would identify people likely to struggle to seek and accept therapeutic interventions, who may in turn benefit from attachment‐congruent engagement efforts.