bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Milk as diagnostic fluid for udder health management
Authors: Rowe S , House JK , Zadoks RN 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundMastitis is the major disease affecting milk production of dairy cattle, and milk is an obvious substrate for the detection of both the inflammation and its causative infectious agents at quarter, cow, or herd levels. In this review, we examine the use of milk to detect inflammation based on somatic cell count (SCC) and other biomarkers, and for the detection of mastitis pathogens through culture‐based and culture‐free methods.FindingsThe use of SCC at a cow or bulk milk level to guide udder health management in lactation is well‐established, and SCC is increasingly used to guide selective dry cow treatment. Other markers of inflammation include electrical conductivity, which is used commercially, and markers of disease severity such as acute phase proteins but are not pathogen‐specific. Some pathogen‐specific markers based on humoral immune responses are available, but their value in udder health management is largely untested. Commercial pathogen detection is based on culture or polymerase chain reaction, with other tests, for example, loop‐mediated isothermal amplification or 16S microbiome analysis still at the research or development stage. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionisation time of flight (MALDI‐ToF) is increasingly used for the identification of cultured organisms whilst application directly to milk needs further development. Details of test sensitivity, specificity, and use of the various technologies may differ between quarter, cow, and bulk milk applications.ConclusionsThere is a growing array of diagnostic assays that can be used to detect markers of inflammation or infection in milk. The value of some of these methods in on‐farm udder health improvement programs is yet to be demonstrated whilst methods with proven value may be underutilised.
Adaptive functioning and academic achievement in pediatric survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Associations with executive functioning, socioeconomic status, and academic support
Authors: Seghatol‐Eslami Victoria C. , Cook Edwin W. , Sharafeldin Noha , Wolfson Julie , Murdaugh Donna L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study examines associations of functional outcomes (adaptive functioning and academic achievement) with executive functioning (EF), socioeconomic status (SES), and academic support in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) survivors.MethodsFifty survivors of B‐lineage ALL treated with chemotherapy‐only (42% female, 76% NHW, ages 6–19) were evaluated on performance‐based EF and academic achievement, and parent‐rated EF and adaptive functioning. Area deprivation and child opportunity (i.e., SES) were extracted using census blocks and tracts. Academic support data were extracted from chart review.ResultsCompared to population norms, pediatric ALL survivors demonstrated significantly lower overall adaptive skills and performance in word reading and math calculation (all p ≤ .011). Frequencies of impairment were significantly elevated on all adaptive scales and in math calculation compared to the population (all p ≤ .002). Parent‐rated EF significantly predicted overall adaptive skills (p < .001), while performance‐based EF significantly predicted word reading and math calculation (all p < .05). Adaptive functioning was not associated with neighborhood‐specific variables or academic support. However, academic support predicted word reading (p < .001), while area deprivation and academic support predicted performance‐based EF (all p ≤ .02).ConclusionsScreening of functional outcomes, targeted intervention, and neuropsychological monitoring are necessary to support pediatric ALL survivors' neurocognitive and psychosocial development.
Repurposing consumer sunscreen habits and practices survey data to guide the development of UV filter environmental exposure models and risk assessments
Authors: Carrao Andrea M. , Schmitt Celine N. , Dyer Scott D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveA key factor that is deficient in most environmental emissions assessments for UV filters is a keen understanding of consumer habits and practices that can inform realistic exposure assessments. This study utilized a large volunteer survey (>11 000 persons) that captured many factors that affect consumer‐based loadings to aquatic environments. The purpose of this study was to utilize this large survey to identify factors that affect the amount of sunscreen products used by consumers.MethodsCorrelations among more than 20 variables were used to provide an understanding of the overall dataset and identify factors that may be related to the amount of sunscreen product applied to the body (i.e., application thickness). Forward multiple linear regressions were used to identify the relative importance of each of these factors alone and in combination with others in predicting the amount of applied sunscreen.ResultsThe proportion of body surface area (BSA) covered by sunscreen was the primary factor related to application thickness, followed by body surface area of the survey participant, seasonal usage, Fitzpatrick skin type and the sun protection factor, respectively. Each of the five regression models examined was statistically highly significant.ConclusionsComparisons to recommendations from the National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine parameters illustrated sufficient differences so as to encourage the development of future consumer habits and practice surveys that include factors beyond the scope of this study (e.g., activities, time of day, year, location, etc.) that can lead to improved exposure and risk assessments.
Exploring factors associated with hypertension self‐care in primary care: The role of nurse education levels and patient‐related factors
Authors: Suwanno Jom , Phonphet Chennet , Mayurapak Chidchanog , Ninla‐aesong Putrada , Thaimwong Ladda 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimTo explore the association between nurse education levels and patient‐related factors with hypertension self‐care.BackgroundAlthough self‐care development is recognized as a healthcare provider–patient encounter, the attribution of nurse education level to hypertension self‐care is not well addressed.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsHypertensive patients from 15 primary care facilities were sampled, and self‐care was assessed using the Self‐Care of Hypertension Inventory version 2.0, with standardized scores ≥70 indicating adequate self‐care. Data on patient‐related factors were obtained from electronic health records, self‐reports and laboratory tests, while nurse education levels were categorized as standard (baccalaureate‐prepared) or higher (post‐baccalaureate specialty).ResultsA total of 1493 participants were included in this study, with a median age of 66 years and 77.7% being female. Approximately 10% of participants had adequate self‐care, and 66% received care from higher educated nurses. The study showed the relation between nurse education levels and the self‐care of the patients. Adequate hypertension self‐care was significantly associated with higher educated nurse providers and patient‐related factors, including intermediate to higher education, non‐overweight/obese and the absence of age‐related comorbidities.ConclusionsHypertensive patients who had been provided care by higher educated nurses and their favourable sociodemographic, lower cardiometabolic risk and no concomitant disease were more likely to demonstrate adequate self‐care.
The efficacy of Tai Chi for essential hypertension: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Pengchao , Zhang Dan , Lu Deyi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimWe aimed to assess the impact of Tai Chi interventions on individuals with essential hypertension and to compare the effects of Tai Chi versus control in this population.BackgroundTai Chi has been extensively utilized in the prevention of essential hypertension. Nevertheless, there is a lack of consensus regarding its benefits for treating essential hypertension.DesignA systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted.Data SourcesWe conducted a systematic literature search of the Medline, Scholar, Elsevier, Wiley Online Library, Chinese Academic Journal (CNKI) and Wanfang databases from January 2003 to August 2023.Review MethodsUsing the methods of the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook, a meta‐analysis was conducted to assess the collective impact of Tai Chi exercise in controlling hypertension. The primary outcomes measured included blood pressure and nitric oxide levels.ResultsThe participants consisted of adults with an average age of 57.1 years who had hypertension (mean ± standard deviation systolic blood pressure at 148.2 ± 12.1 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure at 89.2 ± 8.3 mmHg). Individuals who practiced Tai Chi experienced reductions in systolic blood pressure of 10.6 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure of 4.7 mmHg and an increase in nitric oxide levels.ConclusionsTai Chi can be a viable lifestyle intervention for managing hypertension. Greater promotion of Tai Chi by medical professionals could extend these benefits to a larger patient population.
Risk stratification and management of non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer: A physician survey in six Asia‐Pacific territories
Authors: Ku Ja Hyeon , Lee Lui Shiong , Lin Tzu‐Ping , Kikuchi Eiji , Kitamura Hiroshi , Ng Chi‐Fai , Ng Junice Yi Siu , Poon Darren Ming‐Chun , Kanesvaran Ravindran , Seo Ho Kyung , Spiteri Carmel , Tan Ee Min , Tran Ben , Tsai Yuh‐Shyan , Nishiyama Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivesMultiple clinical practice guidelines, conflicting evidence, and physician perceptions result in variations in risk stratification among patients with non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). This study aims to describe the extent of this variation and its impact on management approaches in the Asia‐Pacific region.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional survey involving 32 urologists and seven medical oncologists with ≥8 years of experience managing early‐stage bladder cancer patients across Australia, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan. The physicians completed an anonymous questionnaire that assessed their risk stratification and respective management approaches, based on 19 NMIBC characteristics. For each NMIBC characteristic, they were required to select one risk group, and their most preferred management approach.ResultsOur results demonstrated a higher consensus on risk classification versus management approaches. More than 50% of the respondents agreed on the risk classification of all NMIBC characteristics, but 42% or fewer chose the same treatment option as their preferred choice for all but two characteristics—existence of variant histology (55%) and persistent high‐grade T1 disease on repeat resection (52%). Across territories, there was the greatest variation in preferred treatment options (i.e., no treatment, intravesical chemotherapy, or Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin [BCG] treatment) for intermediate‐risk patients and the highest consensus on the treatment of very high‐risk patients, namely radical cystectomy.ConclusionsOur study revealed considerable variation in risk stratification and management of NMIBC in the region. It is critical to develop practical algorithms to facilitate the recognition of NMIBC and standardize the treatment of NMIBC patients.
The influence of ultrasound homogenization on recrystallization during the storage of vegan ice cream
Authors: Kot Anna , Kamińska‐Dwórznicka Anna 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article investigated the influence of ultrasound homogenization and stabilizers (iota carrageenan and its hydrolysates) in the production of vegan ice cream. The cryoscopic temperature, osmotic pressure, overrun, melting time, and microstructure analysis were investigated. Vegan ice cream were stored at −18°C and the recrystallization process was analyzed based on images taken after 24 h, 1 month, and 3 months. According to the results, it was noted that ultrasound homogenization contributed to obtaining smaller ice crystals in ice cream, in comparison to the samples after traditional homogenization. The average diameter of ice crystals in the sample US pretreated, after 3 months of storage was less than 21 μm. The overrun value ranged from 9.22% to 32.36% and the melting time for samples did not exceed 34 min. The analysis of the cryoscopic temperature and osmotic pressure showed that ultrasound contributed to increasing the cryoscopic temperature and lowering the osmotic pressure.Practical ApplicationsThe presented study shows an alternative to dairy products for the vegan ice cream market. Changing mechanical homogenization to ultrasound homogenization in vegan ice cream production might be an effective step for ice cream producers. Owing to the fact that the use of ultrasound during production may reduce the impact of using stabilizers on the recipe of vegan ice cream. Finally, such changes will not result in additional steps in ice cream production which may not generate additional costs.
Addition of community paramedics to a physician home‐visit program: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Ulintz Alexander J. , Podolsky Seth R. , Lapin Brittany , Wyllie Robert R. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundHome‐based primary care promotes aging in place but is not immediately responsive to urgent needs. Community paramedicine leverages emergency medical services clinicians to expedite in‐home care, though limited evidence supports this model. We evaluated the primary care and acute care use of older adults evaluated urgently by a community paramedic with telemedicine physician compared to a physician home visit model.MethodsThis prospective cohort study enrolled older adults in home‐based primary care who requested an urgent evaluation. We allocated participants to the physician home visit model or physician home visit plus community paramedic model by ZIP code. We observed primary care and acute care use for 6 months following enrollment. The primary outcome was the median number of primary care and acute care visits per participant. Secondary outcomes included 30‐day readmission rates, median wait times, and physician productivity. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, comparison of means and proportions, and negative binomial regression modeling reported as incidence rate ratios (IRR).ResultsWe screened 255 participants, determined 203 eligible, allocated 199, and completed observation for 167 (84 community paramedicine, 83 physician home visit). Participants were mostly female, age 76–86 years, with 3–5 comorbidities, living in a home/apartment. Community paramedic participants had 29% more primary care visits (IRR 1.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06–1.57) and shorter wait times for urgent evaluations (1 vs. 5 days, p < 0.001) without increasing acute care use (IRR 0.75, 95% CI 0.48–1.18) or 30‐day readmissions (IRR 1.32, 95% CI 0.49–3.55). Physician productivity increased 81% (40 vs. 22 visits/week, p < 0.001).ConclusionOlder adults evaluated by a community paramedic for urgent needs were seen sooner, used acute care similarly to patients evaluated by a physician home visit, and nearly doubled physician efficiency. This suggests that older adults may benefit from combining emergency medical services and primary care resources for urgent evaluations.
The potential influences of professional identity for undergraduate nursing students during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Hu Xiao , Chen Xiaoju , Ouyang Qian , Li Gang , Wade Gail Holland , Chen Yidi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimWe aimed to investigate the level of undergraduate nursing students' professional identity (PI) during the COVID‐19 pandemic and its potential influences.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 742 undergraduate nursing students from Chengdu Medical College. Basic demographics, personal characteristics and PI score were collected. Chi‐squared test, one‐way analysis of variance, and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data.ResultsIn the classes of 2019, 2020, and 2021, the PI score was 96.85 ± 18.26, 105.37 ± 17.46, 106.67 ± 22.08 (P < .001). PI score was the independent predictive factor for both “want to be a nurse” and “willingness to serve during COVID‐19 or other pandemics”.ConclusionsPI contributes greatly to nursing students' willingness to be a nurse and overcome pandemics. The challenge of culturing PI during COVID‐19 pandemic revealed the necessity of developing individual management strategies for nursing education.
Re‐evaluating the importance of threatened species in maintaining global phytoregions
Authors: Brown Matilda J. M. , Walker Barnaby E. , Budden Andrew P. , Nic Lughadha Eimear 
Published: October 2023

Summary

Anthropogenic introductions are known to be changing the structure of global phytogeographical regions (phytoregions), but previous studies have been limited by incomplete or biased data sets that are likely to underestimate the importance of threatened species. In this work, we analyse a comprehensive data set of all known species and their occurrences (at botanical country resolution) to quantify the impact of potential future extinction scenarios.

We used Infomap, a network‐based community detection algorithm, to generate phytoregional delineations for six species‐distribution scenarios (native, introduced and extinctions of species that are either documented as threatened or likely to be threatened, as well as combinations thereof). We compared the numbers and sizes of phytoregions to characterise the amount and spatial distribution of changes in global phytoregions under each scenario.

Extinctions of species that are predicted to be threatened had a greater homogenising effect on phytoregions than introductions, and there was some evidence that introductions may even mitigate the homogenisation caused by extinctions, though this interaction is complex.

This research provides the first evidence that the loss of threatened species would have significant ramifications for global phytoregions and demonstrates the need to consider extinction processes in studies of anthropogenic effects on biodiversity patterns.
Exploring clinical evaluation indicators for predicting coagulation in the extracorporeal circulation circuit in hemodialysis patients receiving individualized regional citrate anticoagulation—A single‐center, retrospective clinical study
Authors: Zou Menglin , Wu Feifei , Fan Yanna , Gong Yanyan , Hu Zhen , Jiang Tin , Gan Chenfu , Luo Laimin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundCitrate anticoagulation is an important anticoagulation method in hemodialysis (HD) but cannot completely prevent the occurrence of coagulation in the extracorporeal circulation (ECC) circuit, and the clinical coagulation status can significantly affect the effect of citrate anticoagulation. In this study, the relationships between clinical coagulation status indicators and coagulation in the ECC circuit in HD patients receiving individualized citrate anticoagulant were studied to explore indicators that may predict coagulation in the ECC circuit.MethodsThis study was a single‐center, retrospective clinical study, and clinical data and laboratory tests related to the coagulation status of HD patients receiving individualized regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) were collected. The relationships between indicators commonly used in clinical practice to evaluate clinical coagulation status and coagulation in the ECC circuit were statistically analyzed to find indicators that can predict the occurrence of coagulation in the ECC circuit.ResultsThe individualized RCA had a good anticoagulation effect, and the actual citrate infusion rate in nearly 80% of the patients was within ±10% of the theoretical infusion rate. The combined diseases or conditions that affect the coagulation status in vivo may increase the incidence of coagulation in the ECC circuit. The clinical D‐dimer level is an independent risk factor that affects and can predict coagulation in the ECC circuit, with a cutoff value of 2.03 mg/L, sensitivity of 59%, and specificity of 78%.ConclusionIndividualized RCA can meet the needs of most HD treatments. Abnormal coagulation status in HD patients may increase the incidence of coagulation in the ECC circuit during individualized RCA for HD, and the D‐dimer level can predict the occurrence of coagulation in the ECC circuit during this treatment.
Cyborg farmers: Embodied understandings of precision agriculture
Authors: Velden Daniel van der , Klerkx Laurens , Dessein Joost , Debruyne Lies 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPrecision agriculture is often seen as disembodied and placeless, promised to either bring about a fourth agricultural revolution or as the start of dystopian rural futures, where farmers and their knowledge will be replaced by machines. A growing body of literature shows more nuanced ways of working with precision agriculture. This illustrates the need to investigate how, and under which conditions, precision agriculture is integrated and internalised by farmers. Based on 25 in‐depth interviews with male Dutch crop farmers, contractors, researchers, and ag‐tech developers, we develop the concept of the cyborg farmer, who embodies the use of precision technology while maintaining an intimate relationship with agro‐ecological context. This approach challenges the mind–body dichotomy in that the cognitive is not understood as primary, as emotions and the materiality of the body are taken seriously. This perspective emphasises the importance of embodied knowledge in how farmers interpret precision agriculture data. Our findings highlight the productive tension between data‐driven elements of precision agriculture and the embodied and intuitive understanding of agro‐ecological context. This productive tension consists of the successful integration of different forms of knowledge by the cyborg farmer, where embodied sense‐making and precision agriculture data are integrated into the formation of useable knowledge. The cyborg farmer maintains farmer agency and resists the dominance of algorithmic rationality over other forms of knowledge
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Safety behaviors were associated with greater anxious symptoms during the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Stallman Jane K. , Bains Williams Kirsten N. , Goodson Jason T. , Haeffel Gerald J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractResearch shows that people who use safety behaviors are at greater risk factor for anxiety than people who do not use safety behaviors. However, the perception of some safety behaviors changed during the COVID‐19 pandemic; behaviors that were once considered unnecessary or excessive were now commonplace (e.g., monitoring bodily symptoms, avoiding crowds). The purpose of this study was to determine the degree to which the pandemic changed the status of health‐related safety behaviors as a risk factor for symptoms of anxiety. To this end, we tested the effect of safety behavior use on anxious symptoms during the first year of the pandemic using a longitudinal design with 8 time points and participants (n = 233) from over 20 countries. Despite possible changes in their perception, those engaging in high levels of safety behaviors reported the greatest levels of anxious symptoms throughout the pandemic year. However, the outcomes for safety behavior users were not all negative. Safety behavior use at baseline was the only predictor of participants' willingness to receive the COVID‐19 vaccine (measured one year later).