bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facial movement synthesis by HMM from audio speech
Authors: Kakihara Kiyotsugu , Nakamura Satoshi , Shikano Kiyohiro 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper proposes a method of synthesis of a facial movement image, which helps to realize natural and realistic communication synchronized with speech on the basis of voice input. If human communication through the computer is realized in a more natural form, the range of human–computer communication will be greatly enlarged. The authors have already proposed several methods of synthesis of a lip movement image from speech based on the HMM. In particular, they succeeded in realizing a remarkable naturalness by considering the mouth shape element of the following phoneme. This paper further proposes a method of synthesis considering both the preceding and following mouth shape elements, and then extends the method from the lip image to a three‐dimensional facial model. In order to generate the talking face, principal component analysis is applied to three‐dimensional measurement points on the facial surface. By preparing facial shapes corresponding to the principal components, a natural and smoothly talking face is synthesized. The talking face image generated by the proposed method is evaluated in terms of parameter generation error and subjective judgment. The results show that the proposed method can synthesize a natural and smoothly talking face image corresponding to the input speech. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 85(4): 37–46, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10044
Simulation of the surface trap effect on the gate lag in GaAs MESFETs
Authors: Hasumi Yumiko , Kodera Hiroshi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe surface‐trap effect on the gate lag in GaAs MESFETs is investigated by a two‐dimensional device simulation. The energy level of the acceptor‐type traps is made a variable. The dc characteristics and transient performance are analyzed to gain a detailed understanding of the phenomena. In the dc characteristics, surface traps cause a surface depletion layer which results in a threshold voltage shift, a decrease in the drain saturation current, and a reduction of the short channel effect due to lateral expansion of the gate depletion layer. The gate transients are classified according to the trap level location in the energy gap: (1) no gate lag, (2) two‐step increase of the drain current, and (3) typical gate lag. These results are explained by the relative time variation of the surface and gate depletion layers: the delayed contraction of the surface depletion layer is the main cause of the gate lag. Based on this finding, a method for suppression of the gate lag is proposed, based on control of the surface potential. © 2002 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 85(2): 18–26, 2002
A positive integer code by coding multiple length information
Authors: Nakamura Hirofumi , Murashima Sadayuki 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA positive integer code Fh,m,b(h⩾3,m⩾2,b⩾3) is proposed. It codes recursive length information with two types of code. One codes repeatedly m length information each value of which is equal to or more than 2h&minus1. The end of codeword is expressed in b bits. The other codes length information each value of which is less than 2h&minus1. The codeword length of Fh,m,b(n) is not more than log*n+C1w*(n)+C2, where log*=log2n+log2log2n+log2log2log2n+ ⃛, w*(n) is the number of zero or positive terms of log*n, and C1,C2 are constants that depend on h, m, b. C1 is expressed as −log2log2e<C1<−logloge+2.0374/2h+(logloge−log(1−2403/(404ċ2b)))/m⩽ −log2 log2e+2.0374/2h+2.4918/m. If C1 < 0, C2 is expressed as C2 < (w*(h−2)+m+ 1)log2log2e+b+2.5186. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 84(8): 46–56, 2001
Approximation of inverse system (many‐valued function) by neural network
Authors: Shinki Masakazu , Shimizu Kiyotaka 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIf the inverse function x=f1(y) of the system y=f(x) with an input of x and an output of y is multivalued, learning of the inverse system by the neural network is difficult. Hence, in this paper, the mapping of (y,x)→x is learned by the neural network as the inverse system by making use of the extended generalized learning method. Next, the learning of the inverse system (many‐valued function) is carried out by solving the obtained inverse system (nonlinear equation) by means of the successive substitution method after the desired output value yd is given so that the desired input value xd is derived. In this case, the learning problem of the neural network that satisfied the convergence condition of the successive substitution method is formulated as a satisfaction optimization problem. This is solved by the nondifferentiable optimization method. As a result of simulation experiment, it is confirmed that an inverse system of a one‐to‐multivalue correspondence is obtained. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 84(8): 57–66, 2001
The gate size estimation method and the optimal gate shape for target tracking
Authors: Kosuge Yoshio , Matsuzaki Takafumi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper presents a discussion of the gate in target tracking. Here, the gate is defined as the region in which the tracked target is expected to exist. The observation vector in the gate is used for tracking. For instance, in tracking in a two‐dimensional plane, various shapes can be conceived as a gate, including a rectangle, circle, and ellipse. However, no publication has dealt with the shape of the optimal gate. As the gate is made larger, more clutter or observation vectors other than the tracked target are included within it, so that tracking becomes more difficult. On the other hand, if the gate is made smaller, there is an increasing danger that the observation vector from the tracked target may no longer fall within the gate. There exists no practical method of determining the gate size in terms of the target detection probability or the tracking situation, such as the clutter density. In this paper, the gate shape that maximizes the in‐gate probability, indicating the probability that the tracked target falls within the gate when the gate volume is constant, is found. Further, a method for determining the in‐gate probability by increasing the average rate at which the detected tracked target falls within the gate and by decreasing the average number of false signals from objects other than the target detected within the gate is presented. © 2002 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 85(5): 10–22, 2002
Performance comparison and improvement in adaptive arrays based on time‐ and frequency‐domain signal processing
Authors: Kamiya Yukihiro , Karasawa Yoshio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIt has been known that an adaptive array antenna is effective for reducing frequency‐depending selective fading, which is a problem in wide‐band land‐mobile communication systems. In an environment in which many delayed signals arrive, it is desirable to improve their SN ratio by using co‐phase synthesis. There have been two types of adaptive array antenna for this purpose: an antenna based on time‐domain signal processing using a TDL (tapped delay line), and an antenna based on frequency‐domain signal processing using a fully reconfigurable filter. The latter has variations in its configuration, and is useful for making practical apparatus. However, its convergence process and behavior in a fading environment have not been clearly understood. In this paper, the performance and the advantages and disadvantages of adaptive array antennas based on various configurations with time‐ and frequency‐domain signal processing are compared. It is found that combinations of some configurations improve their performance. The improvement in performance is also described. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 85(9): 35–42, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.1117 Copyright © 2002 Scripta Technica
Estimation of effective magnetic field in ferromagnetic alloys by magnetoacoustic effect
Authors: Hatafuku Hiroshi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe magnetic field strength in a nickel rod with an applied uniform external field is studied by transmitting ultrasonic waves. In nondestructive testing (NDT), longitudinal plane waves are transmitted from an ultrasonic transducer to the object, which is characterized by alternating regions of compression and dilation. If the objects are ferromagnetic materials, the compression waves generate the magnetoelastic energy in magnetic substances, which are equivalent to the magnetic anisotropy field. This field passes through magnetic substances with the velocity of ultrasound and is observed as the electromotive force (emf) induced in the sensing coil. As the ultrasonic waves are transmitted continuously to a rod specimen, the ultrasonic stationary wave is formed in it and the high‐frequency magnetic field is generated in nodes of the stationary state by the inverse effect of magnetostriction, then the emf is induced in the nodes. In this paper the strength of the effective magnetic field in the nickel rod is estimated by measuring the electromotive force induced by ultrasonic waves passing through magnetic materials. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 140(1): 1–7, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10025
Applying data mining to a field quality watchdog task
Authors: Hori Satoshi , Taki Hirokazu , Washio Takashi , Motoda Hiroshi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article describes a watchdog program that discovers “meaningful” repair cases from a field service database. “Meaningful” cases are those judged worth probing further to prevent an epidemic of quality problems. Our system has employed the apriori algorithm, a data mining technique that efficiently performs the basket analysis. Our system proves that this data mining technique is not only useful in knowledge discovery but is also capable of performing the database watchdog task. The apriori algorithm automatically generates frequent itemsets from a large set of records. A frequent itemset is an arbitrary combination of values that appear more often than a threshold “minimum support.” The algorithm often generates too many itemsets for quality engineers to review carefully in their daily work. Many itemsets do not provide sufficient information to investigate further. Hence, in order not to generate these valueless itemsets, the apriori algorithm is modified in two ways. One way is “basket analysis on objective and explanatory attributes” and the other is “itemset reduction.” The advantage of our method is demonstrated with some experimental results. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 140(2): 18–25, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10034
Parallel processing of network calculations in order to speed up transient stability analysis
Authors: Nagata Masaki , Uchida Naoyuki 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPower systems have become very large, and in addition the forthcoming open electricity market will make power system operation more complex. Therefore, power system operation must become more efficient and flexible. Very fast power system simulation is a means of achieving more sophisticated power system on‐line monitoring and control, and parallel computing is a key technology for very fast power system simulation. This paper proposes an efficient and fast parallel network calculation algorithm that will contribute to the development of fast power system simulation programs. Numerical examples show that the proposed method using six processors is about 4.0 times as fast as the usual serial algorithm when applied to a large‐scale radial power system and about 3.2 times as fast when applied to a large‐scale loop power system. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 135(3): 26–36, 2001
Electric field calculation in composite dielectrics by a curved triangular surface charge method
Authors: Hamada Shoji , Techaumnat Boonchai , Takuma Tadasu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper describes a triangular surface charge method (TSCM) called (3,1)‐TSCM, which uses curved surface elements for calculating electric fields in composite dielectrics. The boundary element utilizes a cubic shape function with nine degrees of freedom and a linear function for representing the charge density on its surface. Conventional SCMs, including the (3,1)‐TSCM, show a very large relative error in the composite dielectrics where the permittivity is much higher in one medium than in the other. A modified method called the β method can suppress such relative errors, which expresses electric fields by surface charges without subtraction causing large relative errors. We have applied the β method to the (3,1)‐TSCM and calculated electric fields for a spherical dielectric under a uniform field. The calculated results show that the (3,1)‐TSCM improves the accuracy of the electric field by more than one order compared with the method using flat surface elements with constant charge density on each element. Furthermore, the β method completely suppresses the divergence of relative errors even when the ratio of the permittivity of two media reaches 1010. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 136(1): 1–8, 2001
Fault analysis of the interconnecting system between a commercial‐scale subsonic diagonal‐type MHD generator and an ac power system
Authors: Iwashita Takeshi , Matsuo Tetsuji , Inui Yoshitaka , Ishikawa Motoo , Umoto Juro 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFault analyses are performed for the interconnecting system between a commercial‐scale subsonic diagonal‐type MHD generator and an ac power system through a line‐commutated inverter. The behavior of the interconnecting system is first examined for the case of single misfiring of one thyristor in the inverter. In this case, the load current increases because the inverter system is short‐circuited. Following the theory of inverter commutation, the load current decreases to the rated value and the MHD generator is restored to the rated condition. Next, the cases of a single‐line ground fault and of a three‐phase short circuit fault are investigated. The line voltage decreases and thus the load currents increase after the fault. This increase of load currents destroys the design‐point flow of the MHD generator. Phase‐control angle control of the inverters is required in order to restore the rated operation of the MHD generator. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 136(1): 29–36, 2001
Sway measurement of overhead power lines by ITV‐based camera
Authors: Ishino Ryuichi , Ishikawa Tomomi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe have developed a new method that can measure movement of overhead power lines in the wind. This method uses images from an ITV camera system. The sway of the power line is videotaped and analyzed. Its measured frequency response to wind is compared to a theoretical model. It is found that the new method yields results that are in good agreement with those obtained from the theoretical model for frequency response less than 0.5 Hz. With the result of frequency response, we can calculate the sway mode of the power line in the wind. Our method also offers displacement of the sway of the cable. We compared our method to the laser measurement, and found a difference of about 10 cm at 255 m from the camera. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 137(4): 18–24, 2001
Application and monitoring of SF6 gas‐insulated NGR (neutral grounding resistor) using ceramic resistors
Authors: Shirakawa Shingo , Terakado Shuichi , Miyake Junichirou , Tanaka Shigeru , Takasugi Katami , Yamashita Takahiro 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAbout 15 years have passed since ceramic‐resistor NGRs (Neutral Grounding Resistors) were developed as new materials for power equipment. This paper describes the cumulative numbers of applications of ceramic‐resistor‐type SF6 gas‐insulated NGRs and the typical construction of the 22‐, 66‐, and 110‐kV NGRs, and also describes monitoring methods for measuring the residual leakage current of the 110‐kV NGR that depend on the neutral unbalance voltage of power transformers, and the use of thermal detection devices for the ceramic resistors of the 66‐kV NGRs. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 137(4): 32–37, 2001
Identification of power system dynamics due to combined use of mathematical model and neural network
Authors: Takahashi Norio , Takeno Hiromasa , Ohsawa Yasuharu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn order to obtain a reliable model of power systems, identification of power system dynamics by employing a neural network is studied. A new method of combined use of a mathematical model and a neural network is proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by applying to two kinds of one‐machine infinite‐bus system—an experimental system and a numerical simulation model system. In the conventional method, the neural network learns the generator terminal voltage of the system directly. On one hand, in the new method, the neural network is trained to learn errors between the generator terminal voltage of the system and that produced by the mathematical model. The results of the test show that good performance is obtained for the proposed method. Construction of a more reliable model is demonstrated by combined use of the mathematical model and the neural network. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 138(1): 42–48, 2002
Low‐noise blue light generation of intracavity frequency‐doubled LD‐pumped Cr:LiSAF laser by single‐mode method
Authors: Makio Satoshi , Matsumoto Hironari , Miyamoto Akio , Sato Masayoshi , Sasaki Takatomo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe have demonstrated the production of low‐noise blue SHG (Second Harmonic Generation) light by single‐mode oscillation in an intracavity frequency‐doubled laser diode (LD)‐pumped Cr‐doped LiSrAlF6 (Cr:LiSAF) solid‐state laser. The SHG crystal was LiB3O5 (LBO). A birefringent filter and an etalon plate were used for the single‐mode Cr:LiSAF laser oscillation wave. A maximum blue SHG output power of 32 mW was obtained by using a 1‐mm‐thick birefringent filter and an etalon plate 200 μm thick with 20% reflectivity. The oscillation wavelength varied by 0.24 pm/hPa in response to changes in atmospheric pressure. A long‐term stability of 300 hours was obtained with the cavity enclosed in a barostat. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 138(1): 49–55, 2002
Determination of equivalent circuit constants of synchronous machines from the extended Dalton‐Cameron method
Authors: Ara Takahiro , Hiraga Akira , Yamamoto Shu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper presents a method of determining the equivalent circuit constants which accord with the physical construction of synchronous machines, using the dc decay testing method with the rotor in arbitrary position (proposed by the authors and called the extended Dalton–Cameron method).The conventional Dalton–Cameron method calculates the direct‐ and quadrature‐axis subtransient reactance from a standstill response test in any arbitrary rotor position using a single‐phase power supply. The extended Dalton–Cameron method determines the direct‐ and quadrature‐axis operational impedances for each slip from a standstill response test using a small‐capacity dc power supply.The direct‐ and quadrature‐axis operational impedance loci thus obtained synchronous machine constants (subtransient, transient, and synchronous reactances) are used to estimate the direct‐ and quadrature‐axis equivalent circuit constants which accord with the physical construction of synchronous machines.As an example, equivalent circuit constants are determined for a 10‐kW laminated salient‐pole‐type synchronous machine with damper winding. The validity of the equivalent circuit constants is confirmed by comparing the calculated resistance and leakage reactance of the field winding determined from the operational impedance when the terminals are short‐circuited, to those when the terminals are connected to an external resistance. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 138(1): 56–67, 2002
Interior structure of quality control center on the low‐voltage side for customized power quality service in FRIENDS
Authors: Hara Ryoichi , Kita Hiroyuki , Tanaka Eiichi , Hasegawa Jun 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe authors have proposed the Flexible Reliable and Intelligent Electric eNergy Delivery System (FRIENDS) as a future electric power distribution system. In order to realize FRIENDS it is indispensable to design the concrete interior structure of the key facility, the Quality Control Center. This paper proposes an interior structure and control schemes for the Quality Control Center from the viewpoint of customized power quality service, which is one of the most important objectives of FRIENDS. The validity of the proposed structure and control schemes is confirmed through transient analysis using PSCAD/EMTDC. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 139(3): 45–52, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.1159
Learning of symbiotic phenomena between agents by using neural networks
Authors: Hirasawa Kotaro , Yoshida Hidemasa , Hu Jinglu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRecently, numerous attempts have been made by researchers to understand the essence of complex phenomena (complex systems). In this paper, we consider biological systems in nature as being among the most complex systems. The purpose of this paper is to propose a method of realizing symbiotic phenomena such as mutual benefit, competition, and exploitation more generally than the Lotka–Volterra equation by using neural networks. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 140(1): 77–88, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.1172 Copyright © 2002 Scripta Technica
Strategic environmental awakening: European progress in regional environmental integration
Authors: Clement Keith 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn the EU Structural Funds, integrating environment and regional economic development is a challenge that is progressively being met. From a beginning characterized by conflict between these two themes, considerable progress has been made in successive rounds of programmes, accompanied by a gradual raising of awareness and the development of new mechanisms for integration. This progress has been supported by environmental guidance from the European Commission, with handbooks designed to raise new ideas and suggest innovative ways of approaching the task. Current programmes incorporate extensive environmental profiles to support programme development, and new methods of combining both horizontal and vertical integration show considerable promise for the realization of environmental objectives in programme implementation. To facilitate further integration, priorities for research include the role for environmental strategies, the production of an index of environmental integration, the identification of measurable environmental indicators and confirmation that sustainable development is acting as a catalyst for environmental gain. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment