bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current State and Future Perspectives of Printable Organic and Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Li Fengzhu , Lin Francis R. , Jen Alex K.‐Y. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPhotovoltaic technology presents a sustainable solution to address the escalating global energy consumption and a reliable strategy for achieving net‐zero carbon emissions by 2050. Emerging photovoltaic technologies, especially the printable organic and perovskite solar cells, have attracted extensive attention due to their rapidly transcending power conversion efficiencies and facile processability, providing great potential to revolutionize the global photovoltaic market. To accelerate these technologies to translate from the laboratory scale to the industrial level, it is critical to develop well‐defined and scalable protocols to deposit high‐quality thin films of photoactive and charge‐transporting materials. Herein, the current state of printable organic and perovskite solar cells is summarized and the view regarding the challenges and prospects toward their commercialization is shared. Different printing techniques are first introduced to provide a correlation between material properties and printing mechanisms, and the optimization of ink formulation and film‐formation during large‐area deposition of different functional layers in devices are then discussed. Engineering perspectives are also discussed to analyze the criteria for module design. Finally, perspectives are provided regarding the future development of these solar cells toward practical commercialization. It is believed that this perspective will provide insight into the development of printable solar cells and other electronic devices.
Lotus Effect Inspired Hydrophobic Strategy for Stable Zn Metal Anodes
Authors: Han Lishun , Guo Yiming , Ning Fanghua , Liu Xiaoyu , Yi Jin , Luo Qun , Qu Baihua , Yue Jili , Lu Yangfan , Li Qian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractZn‐ion batteries (ZIBs) have long suffered from the unstable Zn metal anode, which faces numerous challenges concerning dendrite growth, corrosion, and hydrogen evolution reaction. The absence of H2O adsorption control techniques has become a bottleneck for the further development of ZIBs. Using the stearic acid (SA)‐modified Cu@Zn (SA‐Cu@Zn) anode as an example, this work illustrates how the lotus effect controls the H2O adsorption energy on the Zn metal anode. In situ integrated Cu nanorods arrays and hydrophobic long‐chain alkyl groups are constructed, which provide zincophilic ordered channels and hydrophobic property. Consequently, the SA‐Cu@Zn anode exhibits long‐term cycling stability over 2000 h and high average Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 99.83% at 1 mA cm−2 for 1 mAh cm−2, which improves the electrochemical performance of the Zn||V2O5 full cell. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations combined with water contact angle (CA) measurements demonstrate that the SA‐Cu@Zn exhibits larger water CA and weaker H2O adsorption than Zn. Moreover, the presence of Cu ensures the selective adsorption of Zn on the SA‐Cu@Zn anode, well explaining how the excellent reversibility is achieved. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of the lotus effect on controllable H2O adsorption and Zn deposition mechanism, offering a universal strategy for achieving stable ZIB anodes.
Achieving Desired Pseudo‐Planar Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells via Binary‐Dilution Strategy
Authors: Wen Lin , Mao Houdong , Zhang Lifu , Zhang Jiayou , Qin Zhao , Tan Licheng , Chen Yiwang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe sequential deposition process has demonstrated the great possibility to achieve a photolayer architecture with an ideal gradient phase separation morphology, which has a vital influence on the physical processes that determine the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the controllable preparation of pseudo‐planar heterojunction (P‐PHJ) with gradient distribution has not been effectively elucidated. Herein, a binary‐dilution strategy is proposed, the PM6 solution with micro acceptor BO‐4Cl and the L8‐BO solution with micro donor PM6 respectively, to form P‐PHJ film. This architecture exists good donor (D) and acceptor (A) vertical gradient distribution and larger D/A interpenetrating regions, which promotes exciton generation and dissociation, shortens charge transport distance and optimizes carrier dynamics. Moreover, the dilution of PM6 by BO‐4Cl promotes the regulation of active layer aggregation size and phase purity, thus alleviating energy disorder and voltage loss. As a result, the P‐PHJ device exhibits an outstanding power conversion efficiency of 19.32% with an excellent short‐circuit current density of 26.92 mA cm−2, much higher than planar binary heterojunction (17.67%) and ternary bulk heterojunction (18.49%) devices. This research proves a simple but effective method to provide an avenue for constructing desirable active layer morphology and high‐performance OSCs.
Organic Source‐Gated Phototransistors with > 104 Photo‐To‐Dark Current Ratio in the Visible Range at Zero Gate‐Source Bias
Authors: Bestelink Eva , Zschieschang Ute , Askew Leslie , Klauk Hagen , Sporea Radu A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWith growing interest in organic phototransistors, as not only sensors but also neuromorphic computing elements, the vast majority of research investigates structures comprising Ohmic source/drain contacts. Here, it is shown how source‐gated transistors (SGTs), in which a source contact barrier dominates electrical characteristics, can be implemented as phototransistors. Organic photo‐SGTs (OPSGTs) based on vacuum‐processed small‐molecule dinaphtho[2,3‐b:2′,3′‐f]thieno[3,2‐]thiophene (DNTT) demonstrate low saturation voltage, exceptional tolerance to channel length variation, and photo‐to‐dark current ratio (PDCR) peaks over 106 for 819 µW broad spectrum incident light power. At zero gate‐source voltage, the PDCR reaches 104, showing promise for simple sensor circuit implementation in medical and wellbeing applications.
Strain Effects on Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Liang Hongbo , Yang Wenhan , Xia Junmin , Gu Hao , Meng Xiangchuan , Yang Gege , Fu Ying , Wang Bin , Cai Hairui , Chen Yiwang , Yang Shengchun , Liang Chao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFlexible perovskite solar cells (f‐PSCs) as a promising power source have grabbed surging attention from academia and industry specialists by integrating with different wearable and portable electronics. With the development of low‐temperature solution preparation technology and the application of different engineering strategies, the power conversion efficiency of f‐PSCs has approached 24%. Due to the inherent properties and application scenarios of f‐PSCs, the study of strain in these devices is recognized as one of the key factors in obtaining ideal devices and promoting commercialization. The strains mainly from the change of bond and lattice volume can promote phase transformation, induce decomposition of perovskite film, decrease mechanical stability, etc. However, the effect of strain on the performance of f‐PSCs has not been systematically summarized yet. Herein, the sources of strain, evaluation methods, impacts on f‐PSCs, and the engineering strategies to modulate strain are summarized. Furthermore, the problems and future challenges in this regard are raised, and solutions and outlooks are offered. This review is dedicated to summarizing and enhancing the research into the strain of f‐PSCs to provide some new insights that can further improve the optoelectronic performance and stability of flexible devices.
Yield response of maize hybrids with different ear flex to nitrogen rate and plant density
Authors: DeBruin Jason , Hensley Rebecca , Underwood Haley , Munaro Eugenia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMaize (Zea mays L.) hybrids are frequently labeled as fixed or flex hybrid ear types by seed companies based on pre‐commercial trials or field observations during commercialization. However, the underlying physiological cause and the associated management with each hybrid ear type remains a question for growers. Experiments were conducted at multiple locations across 3 years to determine the yield and yield component response to combinations of plant density (4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 plant m−2) and nitrogen (N) rate (0, 78, 159, 235, and 314 kg N ha−1) for three fixed and four flex hybrid ear types. Optimal plant density (OPD) to reach maximum yield was 1.7 plant m−2 greater for fixed hybrid ear type compared to the flex hybrid ear type for N rates greater than 78 kg N ha−1. Flex hybrid ear type achieved similar yield at lower OPD through increased kernel weight (KW) without reduced kernels per square meter. Potential kernel number at silk appearance and established kernels 15 days after silk appearance were similar between hybrid ear types, indicating that the flex component was driven by KW. Fixed hybrid ear type displayed a lower threshold value of total aboveground biomass per plant at physiological maturity to set kernels compared to a flex hybrid ear type. Selection of a flex hybrid ear type provides opportunity for reduced planting density with similar yield potential and N management practices.
Revisiting biodiesel hedging
Authors: Franken Jason R. V. , Irwin Scott H. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPrevious research found that both soybean oil and heating oil futures should be used to hedge biodiesel price risk. This was sensible because blending mandates caused biodiesel prices to be driven by that of its primary input—soybean oil. Much has changed in recent years, with plummeting demand during the coronavirus disease (COVID) pandemic, biodiesel plants struggling to break‐even in 2020, and then incurring losses in 2021 as soybean oil prices skyrocketed with the rise of renewable diesel—a relatively new biomass‐based diesel fuel in high demand largely due to green policies in California. This study revisits the appropriate strategies for hedging biodiesel production risk and finds that soybean oil has become a less important hedging vehicle. [EconLit Citations: Q420, Q410, Q480, Q160, Q110, Q130].
What we know and don't know about great ape cultural communication in the wild
Authors: Kalan Ammie K. , Nakano Robyn , Warshawski Lindsey 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFollowing the first descriptions of culture in primates, widespread agreement has developed that the term can be applied to nonhumans as group‐specific, socially learned behaviors. While behaviors such as those involving extractive tool use have been researched intensively, we propose that behaviors that are more subtle, less likely to be ecologically constrained, and more likely to be socially shaped, such as cultural forms of communication, provide compelling evidence of culture in nonhuman primates. Additionally, cultural forms of communication can provide novel insights into animal cognition such as the capacity for conformity, conventionalized meanings, arbitrariness in signal forms, and even symbolism. In this paper we focus on evidence from studies conducted on wild great apes. First, we provide a thorough review of what exactly we do know, and by extension don't know, about great ape cultural communication. We argue that detailed research on both vocal and gestural communication in wild great apes shows a more nuanced and variable repertoire than once assumed, with increasing support for group‐specific variation. Second, we discuss the relevance of great ape cultural communication and its potential for illustrating evolutionary continuity for human‐like cultural attributes, namely cumulative culture and symbolism. In sum, a concerted effort to examine cultural forms of communication in great apes could reveal novel evidence for cultural capacities that have thus far been heavily debated in the literature and can simultaneously contribute to an improved understanding of the complex minds of our closest living relatives.
“Heal the sick”: Health status and caregiving during the 17th–18th century in Northern Italy (St. Biagio cemetery, Ravenna)
Authors: De Luca Federica , Pasini Alba , Scianò Filippo , Zedda Nicoletta , Guarnieri Chiara , Masotti Sabrina , Bramanti Barbara , Gualdi‐Russo Emanuela , Rinaldo Natascia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe study of health‐related care provision in archeology gives important indications on the culture and community organization of past populations. This study aims to assess the health status of the skeletal assemblage recovered from the burial site of St. Biagio (Ravenna, 17th–18th Centuries); next, we identified likely instances of need for and receipt of caregiving in response to the condition, to examine evidence of community attitudes toward disease and disability.Materials and MethodsThe skeletal assemblage is composed of 133 individuals in a generally good state of preservation. Sex and age‐at‐death were estimated through classical anthropological methods. Health status was inferred through the biological index of frailty (BIF) and paleopathological analysis was performed through macroscopic and radiographic investigations. The “bioarcheology of care” approach was applied to individuals who showed evidence of impairment and disability.ResultsThe skeletal assemblage of St. Biagio was equally represented by males and females (50% males), with a higher percentage of adults (83.4%) than subadults (10.5%), and this is reflected in the high life expectancy at birth (40.3 years). No significant differences in health status emerged between age groups and sexes, with a generally high percentage of joint diseases, antemortem trauma, and infectious diseases. Evidence of care and compassion was found in some individuals with a high degree of impairment or disability, as in the case of probable Angelman syndrome.DiscussionThis study provided important insights into the biological and social aspects of an Early Modern population in Northern Italy, showing that people with functional and/or visible abnormalities were probably cared for in life and were presumably considered full members of the society.
Consumer participation in homelessness service delivery in Australia: What is it for?
Authors: Constantine Skye 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe involvement of people with lived experience is broadly recognised as beneficial, and possibly essential, to effective service and policy planning. However, in the field of homelessness service delivery, this has not been thoroughly researched. To build a greater understanding of participation activities and identify opportunities for lived experience contributions in addressing homelessness, this study investigates the representations of consumer participation by a homelessness service network in Victoria over 10 years (2011–2020). This study found that the homelessness services appear to have actively aspired to meaningful service user participation however tensions for policy and practice remain. These include whether lived experience contributions are valued as “experience” or “expertise”; whether participation is available for those with “living” (current) or “lived” (past) experience; and whether feedback can translate into influence, affecting services and policy change.
Unhealthy white matter connectivity, cognition, and racialization in older adults
Authors: Royse Sarah K. , Snitz Beth E. , Hengenius James B. , Huppert Theodore J. , Roush Rebecca E. , Ehrenkranz Rebecca E. , Wilson James D. , Bertolet Marnie , Reese Alexandria C. , Cisneros Geraldine , Potopenko Katey , Becker James T. , Cohen Ann D. , Shaaban C. Elizabeth 
Published: October 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONWhite matter hyperintensities (WMH) may promote clinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) disparities between Black American (BA) and non‐Hispanic White (nHW) populations. Using a novel measurement, unhealthy white matter connectivity (UWMC), we interrogated racialized group differences in associations between WMH in AD pathology‐affected regions and cognition.METHODSUWMC is the proportion of white matter fibers that pass through WMH for every pair of brain regions. Individual regression models tested associations of UWMC in beta‐amyloid (Aβ) or tau pathology‐affected regions with cognition overall, stratified by racialized group, and with a racialized group interaction.RESULTSIn 201 older adults ranging from cognitively unimpaired to AD, BA participants exhibited greater UWMC and worse cognition than nHW participants. UWMC was negatively associated with cognition in 17 and 5 Aβ‐ and tau‐affected regions, respectively. Racialization did not modify these relationships.DISCUSSIONDifferential UWMC burden, not differential UWMC‐and‐cognition associations, may drive clinical AD disparities between racialized groups.Highlights
Unhealthy white matter connectivity (UWMC) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology–affected brain regions is associated with cognition.
Relationships between UWMC and cognition are similar between Black American (BA) and non‐Hispanic White (nHW) individuals.
More UWMC may partially drive higher clinical AD burden in BA versus nHW populations.
UWMC risk factors, particularly social and environmental, should be identified.
An Ultra‐Wideband Janus Metastructure with Graphene for Detector Based on Anapole Mode in the Terahertz Region
Authors: Li Si‐ying , Tang Zhao , Cheng Yang , Zhang Hai‐feng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this paper, an ultra‐wideband Janus metastructure (MS) utilizing anapole mode for detector in the terahertz (THz) range by graphene is proposed. Specifically, when Fermi level (Ef) is set to 0.9 eV, the MS demonstrates ultra‐broadband absorption exceeding 0.9 from 0.754 to 5 THz in the −z‐direction with a relative bandwidth of 147.6 %, in which perfect absorption of over 98% develops from 3.24 to 5 THz. In the case of the +z‐direction, the absorptivity maintains around 0.6 within the 0.745 ∼ 5 THz range. As Ef equals 0 eV, the difference in absorption between the −z‐direction and +z‐direction exceeds 0.9 from 4.49 to 4.76 THz. The study also explores the MS for refractive index sensing near 3.71 THz by a unique difference detection, measuring two refractive index ranges: 1.2 ∼ 2.6 and 4.5 ∼ 4.7, with corresponding sensitivities of 0.0450 and 0.0304, respectively. Owing to its highly symmetrical structure, the MS is insensitive to the polarization state of the electromagnetic (EM) waves, performing remarkable angular stability as the incident angle varies from 0 to 60 degrees in the −z‐direction. These splendid properties make the design a good candidate for biomedical sensing, EM cloaking, and full‐space EM wave control.
Evoking Ferroptosis by Synergistic Enhancement of a Cyclopentadienyl Iridium‐Betulin Immune Agonist
Authors: Lv Mengdi , Zheng Yue , Wu Jian , Shen Zhengqi , Guo Binglian , Hu Guojing , Huang Yuanlei , Zhao Jingyue , Qian Yong , Su Zhi , Wu Chao , Xue Xuling , Liu Hong‐Ke , Mao Zong‐Wan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFerroptosis is a form of programmed cell death driven by iron‐dependent lipid peroxidation (LPO) with the potential for antitumor immunity activation. In this study, a nonferrous cyclopentadienyl metal‐based ferroptosis inducer [Ir(Cp*)(Bet)Cl]Cl (Ir‐Bet) was developed by a metal‐ligand synergistic enhancement (MLSE) strategy involving the reaction of [Ir(Cp*)Cl]2Cl2 with the natural product Betulin. The fusion of Betulin with iridium cyclopentadienyl (Ir‐Cp*) species as Ir‐Bet not only tremendously enhanced the antiproliferative activity toward cancer cells, but also activated ferritinophagy for iron homeostasis regulation by PI3K/Akt/mTOR cascade inhibition with a lower dosage of Betulin, and then evoked an immune response by nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κB) activation of Ir‐Cp* species. Further immunogenic cell death (ICD) occurred by remarkable ferroptosis through glutathione (GSH) depletion, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) deactivation and ferritinophagy. An in vivo vaccination experiment demonstrated desirable antitumor and immunogenic effects of Ir‐Bet by increasing the ratio of cytotoxic T cells (CTLs)/regulatory T cells (Tregs).
Homolytic C−H Bond Activation by Phosphine−Quinone‐Based Radical Ion Pairs
Authors: Helling Christoph , van der Zee Lars J. C. , Hofman Jelle , de Zwart Felix J. , Mathew Simon , Nieger Martin , Slootweg J. Chris 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHerein, we present the formation of transient radical ion pairs (RIPs) by single‐electron transfer (SET) in phosphine−quinone systems and explore their potential for the activation of C−H bonds. PMes3 (Mes=2,4,6‐Me3C6H2) reacts with DDQ (2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone) with formation of the P−O bonded zwitterionic adduct Mes3P−DDQ (1), while the reaction with the sterically more crowded PTip3 (Tip=2,4,6‐iPr3C6H2) afforded C−H bond activation product Tip2P(H)(2‐[CMe2(DDQ)]‐4,6‐iPr2‐C6H2) (2). UV/Vis and EPR spectroscopic studies showed that the latter reaction proceeds via initial SET, forming RIP [PTip3]⋅+[DDQ]⋅−, and subsequent homolytic C−H bond activation, which was supported by DFT calculations. The isolation of analogous products, Tip2P(H)(2‐[CMe2{TCQ−B(C6F5)3}]‐4,6‐iPr2‐C6H2) (4, TCQ=tetrachloro‐1,4‐benzoquinone) and Tip2P(H)(2‐[CMe2{oQtBu−B(C6F5)3}]‐4,6‐iPr2‐C6H2) (8, oQtBu=3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐1,2‐benzoquinone), from reactions of PTip3 with Lewis‐acid activated quinones, TCQ−B(C6F5)3 and oQtBu−B(C6F5)3, respectively, further supports the proposed radical mechanism. As such, this study presents key mechanistic insights into the homolytic C−H bond activation by the synergistic action of radical ion pairs.
Assessment of ammonium fluoride as a mobile phase additive for sensitivity gains in electrospray ionization
Authors: McFadden Jeremy Ryan , Ames David Michael 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAmmonium fluoride has been shown to improve sensitivity when using electrospray ionization (ESI) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS). Recent internal investigation furthered that claim, through the observation of improved sensitivity when analyzing steroid molecules. This work focuses on extending those observations to other small molecules to understand the impact ammonium fluoride has on detection sensitivity with optimized instrument conditions. Using conventional liquid chromatography ESI‐MS we investigated sensitivity differences between ammonium fluoride, formic acid, or ammonium hydroxide as mobile phase additives. Full source optimization was performed for nine compounds at three different organic concentrations (30%, 60%, or 90%) with formic acid, ammonium fluoride, and ammonium hydroxide adjustment. Optimization results were compiled to generate individual methods by compound, polarity, mobile phase, and organic concentration. Flow injection analysis was performed with fully optimized methods to compare compounds across different solvent systems under optimal conditions. Negative ESI data showed 2–22‐fold sensitivity improvements for all compounds with ammonium fluoride. Positive ESI data showed > 1–11‐fold improvement in sensitivity for four of seven compounds and no change for three of seven compounds with ammonium fluoride. Ammonium fluoride improved ESI− sensitivity for all compounds studied when using optimized source conditions. Investigation with ESI+ analyses showed mixed results, with four of seven compounds showing improvement and others showing equivalency or slight loss in sensitivity, suggesting potential sensitivity gains for some analogs with ESI+.