bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Active oversight and quality control in standard Bayesian optimization for autonomous experiments
Authors: Harris Sumner B. , Vasudevan Rama , Liu Yongtao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The fusion of experimental automation and machine learning has catalyzed a new era in materials research, prominently featuring Gaussian Process (GP) Bayesian Optimization (BO) driven autonomous experiments. Here we introduce a Dual-GP approach that enhances traditional GPBO by adding a secondary surrogate model to dynamically constrain the experimental space based on real-time assessments of the raw experimental data. This Dual-GP approach enhances the optimization efficiency of traditional GPBO by isolating more promising space for BO sampling and more valuable experimental data for primary GP training. We also incorporate a flexible, human-in-the-loop intervention method in the Dual-GP workflow to adjust for unanticipated results. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the Dual-GP model with synthetic model data and implement this approach in autonomous pulsed laser deposition experimental data. This Dual-GP approach has broad applicability in diverse GPBO-driven experimental settings, providing a more adaptable and precise framework for refining autonomous experimentation for more efficient optimization.
High-performance triboelectric nanogenerators based on Ag-doped ZnO loaded electrospun PVDF nanofiber mats for energy harvesting and healthcare monitoring
Authors: Venkatesan Hema Malini , Arun Anand Prabu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study investigates the potential of zinc oxide (ZnO) and Ag-doped zinc oxide (Ag-ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) (1, 3 and 5 wt%) electrospun into poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) based triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) to harness electrical energy from ambient mechanical vibrations. ZnO and Ag-ZnO NPs were developed using a co-precipitation method. 3 wt% Ag-ZnO doping was optimized to exhibit a higher β-crystalline phase in PVDF (PAZ3). The electrospun ZnO and Ag-ZnO loaded PVDF nanofiber mats (NFMs) served as tribo-negative layer, while thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) served as tribo-positive layer in the TENG device fabrication. The electrical measurement results revealed that pristine PVDF/TPU-based TENG device exhibited lower performance (V
oc = 9.0 V and I
sc = 0.6 µA) compared to the optimized PAZ3/TPU-based TENG (V
oc = 51 V and I
sc = 1.2 µA), and utilized for concurrent applications such as powering over 10 light-emitting diodes, energy harvesting and healthcare monitoring applications. Overall, the study not only reveals the significant potential of PAZ3/TPU-based TENG for excellent output performance, but also provides a new insight into next-generation clean, affordable and sustainable energy harvesting materials.
Alleviating symptoms of paediatric acute rhinosinusitis and acute otitis media with otorrhea using nasal-spraying Bacillus probiotics: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Khieu Thanh Huu , Le Dung Phuong , Nguyen Binh Thanh , Ngo Binh Thanh , Chu Hong Thi , Truong Duc Minh , Nguyen Hung Minh , Nguyen Anh Hoa , Pham Tung Dinh , Van Nguyen Anh Thi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) in children may be accompanied by acute otitis media (AOM) which is often associated with bacterial co-infections. These conditions are among the primary reasons that children visit hospitals and require antibiotic treatment. This study evaluated the efficacy of the nasal-spraying probiotics (LiveSpo Navax containing 5 billion Bacillus subtilis and B. clausii spores/5 mL) as a supportive treatment for dual ARS and AOM with otorrhea in a randomized, single-blind, controlled clinical trial. Eighty-two patients (41 per group), aged 1 month to 12 years, received standard care along with nasal spraying of either physiological saline (Control group) or LiveSpo Navax (Navax group), administered three times daily over a 7-day follow-up period. A total of sixty-one patients (30–31 per group) completed the trial. The Navax group experienced 68.00% and 96.77% reductions in nasal congestion (by day 3) and rhinorrhea (by day 7), respectively, which were 2.04 and 1.94-fold higher than the Control group, with odds ratios (OR) of 4.31 and 30.00 (p < 0.05). Endoscopic results indicated 8% and 11% higher reductions in nasal mucopurulent discharge and tympanic membrane hyperemia in the Navax group compared to the Control group. By day 3, compared to day 0, the Navax group exhibited > 1200-fold reduction in Streptococcus pneumoniae and ≥ 4-fold reduction in Haemophilus influenzae concentrations (p < 0.05) in both nasopharyngeal and middle ear fluid samples, whereas the Control group showed no significant reductions. Navax treatment reduced IL-6 by 1.35- to 1.74-fold and TNF-α by 1.17- to 1.45-fold, more effectively than the Control group (p < 0.05). These results suggest that nasal-spray Bacillus spore probiotics, with their ability to reduce bacterial load and modulate immune responses, provide a cost-effective and safe solution for alleviating symptoms of both ARS and AOM in children.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier NCT05804123 on April 7, 2023.
Evolutionary optimization of model merging recipes
Authors: Akiba Takuya , Shing Makoto , Tang Yujin , Sun Qi , Ha David 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Large language models (LLMs) have become increasingly capable, but their development often requires substantial computational resources. Although model merging has emerged as a cost-effective promising approach for creating new models by combining existing ones, it currently relies on human intuition and domain knowledge, limiting its potential. Here we propose an evolutionary approach that overcomes this limitation by automatically discovering effective combinations of diverse open-source models, harnessing their collective intelligence without requiring extensive additional training data or compute. Our approach operates in both parameter space and data flow space, allowing optimization beyond just the weights of the individual models. This approach even facilitates cross-domain merging, generating models such as a Japanese LLM with math reasoning capabilities. Surprisingly, our Japanese math LLM achieved state-of-the-art performance on a variety of established Japanese LLM benchmarks, even surpassing models with substantially more parameters, despite not being explicitly trained for such tasks. Furthermore, a culturally aware Japanese vision–language model generated through our approach demonstrates its effectiveness in describing Japanese culture-specific content, outperforming previous Japanese vision–language models. This work not only contributes new state-of-the-art models back to the open-source community but also introduces a new paradigm for automated model composition, paving the way for exploring alternative, efficient approaches to foundation model development.
Extended target tracking using neural network and Gaussian process
Authors: Wang Hao , Song Liping 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn extended target tracking, Gaussian Process (GP) is utilized to model unknown contour functions based on the model‐predicted target center and contour measurements. However, model prediction relies on accurate prior knowledge. When the model‐predicted target center is inaccurate, it will affect the modelling of the measurement model. To address issue, this letter introduces a hybrid‐driven approach that combines extended Kalman filter using GP with neural network; proposes an extended target tracking algorithm using neural network and GP. The algorithm predicts the target center according to the neural network and the target's kinematic model, and takes the prediction center and the contour measurements at the current moment as the input of the neural network, which in turn provides real‐time estimates for the predicted center compensation. The simulation results show that the algorithm has a significant improvement in tracking performance and better accuracy in estimating the center position and extent state of the target.
Impact analysis of flexible interconnection devices in distribution networks and a setting calculation method for overcurrent protection scheme
Authors: He Ningyi , Yuan Zhichang , Guo Peiqian , Li Hongtao , Li Zijin , Wang Bo , Wang Chen , Xiang Miaoyi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe integration of flexible interconnection devices (FIDs) into distribution networks introduces complexities in power flow management under both normal and transient/fault conditions, thereby decreasing the selectivity, sensitivity, and reliability of common current protection schemes. This article examines the impact of FIDs on existing current protection arrangements and proposes a novel method for recalculating the overcurrent protection setting. The AC output characteristics of the FID for a short period after AC fault occurrence are first investigated. It is followed by an analysis of FID's impact on the three‐stage current protection scheme in flexible interconnected distribution networks, conducted through theoretical calculations in MATLAB and simulations in PSCAD/EMTDC. A quantitative assessment of the mal‐operation and non‐operation of current protection caused by FIDs of varying capacities, power flow directions, and locations, with a focus on the typical 10 kV 10MVA FID, is also performed. Based on the above findings, a calculation and modification method for Stage III overcurrent protection setting is presented to address mal‐operation issues in FID‐based distribution networks, with its feasibility validated through electromagnetic transient simulations.
Line detections in photospheric radius expansion bursts from 4U 1820-303
Authors: Barra F. , Barret D. , Pinto C. , Di Salvo T. , Weinberg N. , Guichandut S. 
Published: January 2025

Context. The Neutron star Interior Composition ExploreR (NICER) is the instrument of choice for the spectral analysis of type I X-ray bursts, as it provides high throughput at the X-ray CCD resolution down to 0.3 keV.
Aims. Triggered by the detection of absorption and emission lines in the first four photospheric radius expansion (PRE) bursts detected by NICER, we wish to test the dependence of the absorption line energies on the inferred blackbody radius because it was reported that the absorption line energies were positively correlated with the inferred blackbody radius. This was tentatively explained by a combination of a weaker gravitational redshift and higher blueshifts in a burst with a larger blackbody radius.
Methods. We thus reanalysed these four bursts and analysed another eight bursts from 4U 1820-303, for which we report evidence for PRE. We first followed the spectral evolution of the burst on the shortest possible timescales (tenth of a second). We adopted two parallel continuum descriptions to characterise the photospheric expansion and line evolution. Using the accretion-enhanced model, in which the burst emission is modelled as the sum of a blackbody and a component describing the persistent emission recorded prior to the burst and multiplied by a constant (fa), we inferred maximum equivalent blackbody radii up to ∼900 km. The peak bolometric (0.1–20 keV) luminosity reached between 4 and 7 × 1038 erg s−1 (and even higher when absorption from a putative photoionised absorber is accounted for) in our sample of bursts. This exceeds the Eddington luminosity of a helium accretor. In individual bursts, we detected absorption lines and assessed their significance through extensive Monte Carlo simulations. To characterise the spectral lines, we used dedicated plasma codes available within SPEX with a phenomenological continuum. A deep search throughout the temperature–velocity parameter space was run to explore Doppler shifts and minimise the chance of becoming stuck in local minima.
Results. We detected several significant (> 99.9 % significance) absorption lines, including the 2.97 keV line that was previously reported. We do not confirm the correlation between the line energies and the inferred blackbody radius, but for some bursts with larger radii, up to four lines are reported, and the line strength is higher. From the modelling of the feature lines, a photoionised or collisionally ionised slightly redshifted (almost rest-frame) gas in emission is suggested in most cases. In particular for the burst presenting the greatest PRE, a combination of photoionisation plasma in emission and absorption is preferred, however.
Réseaux de coexpression de gènes : concepts et applications
Authors: Durand Charles , Charbord Pierre 
Published: January 2025

L’avènement des données massives en biologie (les technologies « omics ») et l’établissement de nouveaux algorithmes offrent aux biologistes l’opportunité d’explorer les processus du vivant dans le cadre de la biologie intégrative afin de révéler les interactions entre gènes, les réseaux, rendant compte des fonctions cellulaires complexes. Nous discutons dans cet article de deux méthodes de reconstruction de réseaux de gènes, WGCNA (Weighted Gene Correlation Network Analysis), développée par Steve Horvath et ses collaborateurs en 2008, et MIIC (Multivariate Information-based Inductive Causation) proposée par Hervé Isambert et son équipe en 2017 et 2024. Ces deux méthodes sont complémentaires, la première générant des réseaux non orientés où les interactions sont majoritairement indirectes, la seconde mettant en évidence les interactions directes, dont certaines orientées. Nous illustrons ces aspects à l’aide de nos propres travaux de recherche visant à identifier les interactions entre gènes, essentielles à l’établissement de la fonction de soutien des cellules souches hématopoïétiques par les cellules stromales mésenchymateuses à un stade précoce du développement embryonnaire.
Anthropocène, la fin de l’homme ? Retour sur un colloque à l’École polytechnique
Authors: Sentis Thomas 
Published: January 2025

Cet article rend compte du colloque de sciences sociales intitulé « Anthropocène, la fin de l’homme ? », qui s’est tenu les 28 et 29 septembre 2023 à l’École polytechnique. Histoire, anthropologie et philosophie y ont dialogué autour de la notion d’Anthropocène, dans laquelle la figure de l’homme est centrale, mais où elle semble aussi dépassée, chargée des catégories d’une modernité qui s’achève. Si l’histoire ne peut plus être pensée comme progrès, et si l’homme est déchu de son surplomb sur la nature, quel avenir reste-t-il ? Les interventions ont proposé différentes perspectives : notre époque peut être celle des devenirs nouveaux de l’humain, par lesquels nous pourrions apprendre à habiter la Terre ; elle peut être aussi celle d’un autre rapport à l’histoire, sans utopie et sans futur écrit d’avance, où l’histoire retrouve son rôle de sage conseillère ; notre époque peut, enfin, renoncer à l’idéal moderne du progrès sans pour autant perdre de vue celui de l’émancipation.
Employing algal extract for the fabrication of bimetallic nanoparticles: A powerful solution against tomato pathogenic fungi
Authors: Aldahasi Reham M. , Aabed Kawther , Alghamdi Sahar S. , Mohammed Afrah E. 
Published: January 2025

This study explores the innovative use of an aqueous spirulina and chlorella mixture to synthesize bimetallic zinc/manganese nanoparticles (ZnO–Mn NPs), showcasing a sustainable approach to nanomaterial development. The nanoparticles were thoroughly characterized using advanced techniques, including UV–visible spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. These analyses revealed that the ZnO–Mn NPs have an average size of 314.4 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.28, and a zeta potential of −23.86 mV, indicating excellent stability and a uniform distribution. The antifungal properties of the synthesized nanoparticles were tested in vitro against key tomato pathogens, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Fusarium equiseti. FTIR analysis highlighted the role of phytochemicals from the algal extracts in the reduction and capping of nanoparticles. While the antifungal activity observed was modest at the evaluated concentrations, the strong stability and biocompatibility of the nanoparticles underscore their potential as eco-friendly solutions in agricultural applications. This research highlights the promise of utilizing natural extracts to develop effective nanoparticles, offering a greener alternative for managing plant diseases and enhancing sustainable farming practices.
Construction of tetrahedral mesh phantom for Chinese women of childbearing age
Authors: Zhang Haowei , Zhang Tiangui , Li XiaoLe , Liu Ying , Sun Li 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Although the Boundary Representation (BREP) method creates detailed surface phantoms of Chinese women of childbearing age, these phantoms cannot be directly used in Monte Carlo simulations. They must first be converted into voxel phantoms, a process that may diminish some of the inherent advantages of the surface phantoms. Therefore, the aim of this study is to construct a tetrahedral mesh (TM) phantom of Chinese women of childbearing age based on the BREP phantom, incorporating micron-level structural refinements to certain organ tissues while maintaining the original model's structure. This TM phantom can be directly implemented into Monte Carlo codes to calculate the absorbed dose at different photon energies, demonstrating that both the structure and position of organ tissues affect the radiation dose. By achieving more accurate dose assessments, we can optimize radiation protection measures and reduce the potential risks to women of childbearing age.&#xD;
REDT: a specialized transformer model for the respiratory phase and adventitious sound detection
Authors: Wang Jianhong , Dong Gaoyang , Shen Yufei , Xu Xiaoling , Zhang Minghui , Sun Ping 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background and objective. In contrast to respiratory sound classification, respiratory phase and adventitious sound event detection provides more detailed and accurate respiratory information, which is clinically important for respiratory disorders. However, current respiratory sound event detection models mainly use convolutional neural networks to generate frame-level predictions. A significant drawback of the frame-based model lies in its pursuit of optimal frame-level predictions rather than the best event-level ones. Moreover, it demands post-processing and is incapable of being trained in an entirely end-to-end fashion. Based on the above research status, this paper proposes an event-based transformer method - Respiratory Events Detection Transformer (REDT) for multi-class respiratory sound event detection task to achieve efficient recognition and localization of the respiratory phase and adventitious sound events. Approach. Firstly, REDT approach employs the Transformer for time-frequency analysis of respiratory sound signals to extract essential features. Secondly, REDT converts these features into timestamp representations and achieves sound event detection by predicting the location and category of timestamps. Main results. Our method is validated on the public dataset HF_Lung_V1. The experimental results show that our F1 scores for inspiration, expiration, continuous adventitious sound and discontinuous adventitious sound are 90.5%, 77.3%, 78.9%, and 59.4%, respectively. Significance. These results demonstrate the method’s significant performance in respiratory sound event detection.
40 years of JET operations: a unique contribution to fusion science
Authors: Rimini F G ,   JET Contributors,   the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation Team
Published: January 2025

Abstract
During its 40 years of operations, the Joint European Torus (JET) tokamak has consistently pushed the physics and engineering boundaries of fusion research, providing the scientific community with a unique testing ground for theories and innovative ideas. This paper covers a selection of remarkable contributions of JET to various fields of tokamak science, from transport and plasma heating studies to plasma-wall interaction and D-T experiments, and their impact on the fusion research progress.
Phase transitions and critical behavior in quasi-one-dimensional two-channel systems with quasiperiodic disorder
Authors: Pouranvari Mohammad 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We investigate the localization properties of a quasi-one-dimensional two-channel system with symmetric and asymmetric onsite energies using the Aubry-André model. By analyzing the Lyapunov exponent and localization length, we characterize the phase transitions and critical behavior of the system. For the symmetric model, we obtain the phase diagram for the entire spectrum, revealing mobility edges between delocalized and localized states. In contrast, for the asymmetric model, we identify a critical line

λ

1

c

+

λ

2

c

≈
0.5

marking the phase transition between delocalized and localized states. We also study the effects of the inter-channel coupling

t

˜

, and observe that increasing

t

˜

reduces the delocalized phase space, shifting the transition from λ
1 = λ
2 = 1 at

t

˜

=
0

to

λ

1

c

+

λ

2

c

≈
0.5

at larger

t

˜

. Furthermore, the phase transition point is found to be sensitive to both

t

˜

and the incommensurate modulation parameter b. While the general phase transition behavior is preserved, subtle differences arise for different values of b, indicating a dependence of the phase boundary on both parameters. Using the cost function approach, we calculate the critical potential strength λ

c
and the critical exponent ν, with ν ≈ 0.5 for the middle of the spectrum in both symmetric and asymmetric models.
Analysis of magnetic field formulation for transferred arc thermal plasma modelling
Authors: Barath V R , Perambadur Jyothikrishna , K Ramachandran , Shukla Pradeep , Kumar Mayank , Klimenko Alexander Y , Rudolph Victor 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Thermal plasma modelling of arc plasma systems offers an efficient way to understand the arc dynamics inside the torch and the plume characteristics. Extensive usage of these plasma models necessitates the efforts to improve its fidelity to simulate the actual arc environment. Since the arc dynamics is highly influenced by the self-induced magnetic field, the choice of magnetic field formulations incorporated in the plasma model plays a crucial role. Existing magnetic field formulations based on Ampere’s law, referred as potential vector formulation (PVF), and Biot–Savart law lack accuracy and computational efficiency, respectively. Integration of Biot–Savart law with PVF, referred as mixed formulation (MF), improves the accuracy but still lack computational efficiency. Extended domain based magnetic field formulation (EDF) has the tendency to offer both accuracy and computational efficiency but rarely incorporated in arc plasma system simulations. The present work studies the influence of different magnetic formulations on the self-induced magnetic field prediction in a 2.6 kW transferred arc plasma system. It is inferred that EDF predicts the magnetic field close to that of MF in most of the regions when compared to PVF. Analysing the effect of predicted magnetic field by different formulations on plasma characteristics revealed minimal influence in the considered transferred arc plasma system due to the static arc behaviour. The incorporation of EDF is expected to have significant importance on the scenario with transient arc behaviour.