bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alltag und Lebensverhältnisse des Hochmeisters in der Marienburg in der ersten Hälfte des 15. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Herrmann Christofer 
Published: January 2025

Everyday life and living conditions of the Grand Master in Marienburg (Malbork) in the first half of the 15th century

On the basis of a wide range of sources (rules of the order, accounts, letters, deeds/notarial instruments, chronicles, envoy reports, minutes of the estates and town meetings), a wealth of information can be gleaned about the everyday and private life of the Grand Master at Marienburg Castle in the first half of the 15th century. The letter from the Grand Master’s personal physician is particularly fruitful, as it provides numerous references to the lifestyle of the head of the Order. This source is included as an edition in the appendix to the article. Overall, it can be stated that the usual daily routine of a Grand Master was essentially characterised by three components:
- Religious acts that were spread throughout the course of the day (participation in masses and prayers of the hours, in particular the daily night orthros between 11 p.m. and 2 a.m.).
- Eating and drinking (court meals at midday and in the evening, morning soup, collacia).
- Political and administrative activities (consultations, negotiations, councils with the dignitaries, envoy receptions, meetings of cities and estates, etc.), mainly in the mornings and afternoons.
In addition to these three main areas of daily activity, which were largely of a public-representative nature, there was also a private sphere in the life of the Grand Master. The time for relaxing or entertaining activities was very limited, but the sources give partial insights into this personal sphere (e.g. pets, music, studies, amusement).
Blasphemie vor den Toren zur islamischen Welt: Die Gesetzgebung der Johanniter auf Rhodos um 1500
Authors: Sarnowsky Jürgen 
Published: January 2025

Blasphemy at the gates to the Islamic World: the legislation of the Hospitallers on Rhodes around 1500

The term ‘blasphemy’ is today used as basis to justify repression and terror. Its roots go back to antiquity. While in the Old Testament everyone who blasphemes God or disregards the divine order is to be punished by death, the medieval concept of blasphemy is wider, including less severe ‘offences by the tongue’ which are prosecuted in different ways. The article discusses the accusation of blasphemy in the military orders, especially for the Hospitallers on Rhodes around 1500. Since the sources from the law courts and the inquisition are lost, the paper focusses on the normative sources, both on the statutes of the order as well as on the legislation for the order’s subjects. The Hospitallers used ‘blasphemy’ explicitly mainly for the ‘offences of the tongue’, both for their subjects as for the members of the order, partly punished with ‘mirror punishments’ like the splitting of the tongue. But heresy, apostasy, and sodomy appear at least implicitly as forms of blasphemy which were more severe and thus heavily punished, mostly by death. Muslim slaves were also threatened by lapidation when accused of blaspheming God, St Mary, the saints, the cross, etc. Since the legislation against blasphemy was intensified after 1480, it seems to have been an instrument of discipling the order’s subjects in times of external danger.
Dynamic Robot Routing and Destination Assignment Policies for Robotic Sorting Systems
Authors: Fang Yuan , De Koster René , Roy Debjit , Yu Yugang 
Published: January 2025

Robotic sorting systems (RSSs) use mobile robots to sort items by destination. An RSS pairs high accuracy and flexible capacity sorting with the advantages of a flexible layout. This is why several express parcel and e-commerce retail companies, who face heavy demand fluctuations, have implemented these systems. To cope with fluctuating demand, temporal robot congestion, and high sorting speed requirements, workload balancing strategies such as dynamic robot routing and destination reassignment may be of benefit. We investigate the effect of a dynamic robot routing policy using a Markov decision process (MDP) model and dynamic destination assignment using a mixed integer programming (MIP) model. To obtain the MDP model parameters, we first model the system as a semiopen queuing network (SOQN) that accounts for robot movement dynamics and network congestion. Then, we construct the MIP model to find a destination reassignment scheme that minimizes the workload imbalance. With inputs from the SOQN and MIP models, the Markov decision process minimizes parcel waiting and postponement costs and helps to find a good heuristic robot routing policy to reduce congestion. We show that the heuristic dynamic routing policy is near optimal in small-scale systems and outperforms benchmark policies in large-scale realistic scenarios. Dynamic destination reassignment also has positive effects on the throughput capacity in highly loaded systems. Together, in our case company, they improve the throughput capacity by 35%. Simultaneously, the effect of dynamic routing exceeds that of dynamic destination reassignment, suggesting that managers should focus more on dynamic robot routing than dynamic destination reassignment to mitigate temporal congestion. Funding: This work was supported by The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [Grant WK2040000094] and the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 71921001 and 72091215/72091210]. Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2023.0458 .
Explore barriers to using the internet for health information access in African countries: A systematic review
Authors: Chereka Alex Ayenew , Shibabaw Adamu Ambachew , Butta Fikadu Wake , Tadesse Mathias Nega , Abebe Mekashaw Tareke , Atanie Fekadu Ayelgn , Kitil Gemeda Wakgari 
Published: January 2025

Background
The Internet is a crucial source of health information, providing access to vast volumes of high-quality, up-to-date, and relevant healthcare information. Its impact extends beyond information access, influencing medical practice through the widespread adoption of telemedicine and evidence-based medicine. Despite the significant global increase in internet usage, Africa lags in internet penetration, particularly in utilizing the internet for health information. This study aims to systematically review the literature to explore barriers to accessing health information on the Internet in African countries.

Methods
The study was conducted from January 1 to February 28, 2023. It followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline to systematically review published studies investigating the utilization of the Internet for health information in African countries. A comprehensive search was conducted across various databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Hinari, CINAHL, and Global Health. The inclusion criteria were applied, resulting in the selection of six studies that formed the basis for our analysis.

Result
This systematic review identifies eleven barriers to accessing health information on the internet. These include a lack of ownership of smart electronic devices, infrequent internet use, limited internet access, low E-health and computer literacy, slow internet connection, high cost of internet access, insufficient information search skills, residing in rural areas, dealing with diverse fields, and having low perceptions.

Conclusion
Improving our understanding of barriers to accessing health information online is essential for policymakers, governments, academics, and healthcare professionals. To enhance the use of the Internet for health information and strengthen the overall health system, policymakers should prioritize increasing Internet accessibility, reducing costs, improving connections, offering basic computer skills training, and ensuring the availability of electronic devices in all institutions.
Alternative approaches for monitoring and evaluation of lymphatic filariasis following mass drug treatment with ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine and albendazole in East New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea
Authors: Bun Krufinta , Mode Benedict , Susapu Melinda , Salo Joyceline , Bjerum Catherine , Payne Michael , Tisch Daniel , Sekihara Makoto , Giorgi Emanuele , Weil Gary J. , Fischer Peter U. , Robinson Leanne , Laman Moses , King Christopher L. 
Published: January 2025

Background
WHO recommends two annual rounds of mass drug administration (MDA) with ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine, and albendazole (IDA) for lymphatic filariasis (LF) elimination in treatment naïve areas that are not co-endemic for onchocerciasis such as Papua New Guinea (PNG). Whether two rounds of MDA are necessary or sufficient and the optimal sampling strategies and endpoints for stopping MDA remain undefined.

Methods and findings
Two cross-sectional studies were conducted at baseline (N = 49 clusters or villages) and 12 months after mass drug administration (MDA) with IDA (N = 47 villages) to assess lymphatic filariasis (LF) by circulating filarial antigenemia (CFA) and microfilariae (Mf). Before MDA, children aged 6–9 years (N~50) and those ≥ 10 years (N~50) in each village were randomly sampled. Before MDA, the population mean prevalence of LF in East New Britain Province (ENBP), Papua New Guinea, was estimated using population proportionate sampling (PPS, N = 30) to be 59/2,561 (2.3%) CFA positive and 14/2,561 (0.6%) Mf positive. No children were Mf positive. However, LF infection was highly heterogeneous; 8 villages (26.7%) had a CFA prevalence >2%, and 7 villages (23.3%) had an Mf prevalence >1%. To identify sentinel villages with LF in areas under-sampled by PPS, 19 additional villages suspected to have LF were sampled, with 15 (79%) having >2% CFA prevalence and 7 (38%) >1% Mf (range 1–22%). Twenty-four villages were evaluated before and after MDA in age-matched adults ( ≥ 18 years). Treatment reduced CFA prevalence by 34% and Mf prevalence by 90%. Post-MDA model-based geostatistics efficiently selected an additional 23 villages, of which 20 (87%) had a CFA prevalence > 2%. None of these villages had >1% Mf. Post-MDA, two of four districts had no villages with >1% Mf.

Conclusions
Model-based geostatistics was more effective than PPS in sampling high-risk LF sites in a heterogeneous area. Low LF prevalence and partial reduction of CFA limit children’s effectiveness as sentinels. A single round of high-coverage MDA with IDA achieved elimination targets in low-prevalence villages in PNG. Higher-prevalence areas will need additional MDA rounds, which could be targeted to smaller evaluation units to cut costs.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT04124250
The link between the atherogenic index of plasma and the risk of hypertension: Analysis from NHANES 2017–2020
Authors: Liu Kaiyou , Ji Qingwei , Qin Shaoming , Liu Ling , Zhang Hongwei , Huang Huating , Li Guihua , Chen Junjun 
Published: January 2025

Background
The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) is a newly identified metabolic marker for atherosclerosis. However, there are inconsistent conclusions regarding the relationship between AIP and hypertension.

Methods
The study subjects were sourced from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database from 2017 to 2020. Logistic regression analyses were employed to explore the correlation between AIP and hypertension. The value of AIP in predicting hypertension was assessed using ROC curves, and their nonlinear relationship was described using restricted cubic splines (RCS). Subgroup analyses, interactions, and sensitivity analyses were also conducted.

Results
The study included 7,067 participants who were sourced from the NHANES database. There were 2723 participants diagnosed hypertension. We observed a notable correlation between AIP and hypertension (OR:1.89, 95%CI: 1.11–3.22, P = 0.019). ROC curve showed AIP had a good predictive value for the onset of hypertension, with the AUC of 0.652 (95% CI:0.639–0.664, p<0.001). RCS found that there existed a nonlinear association between AIP and the incidence of hypertension (p<0.001). Even after excluding individuals under the age of 40 years old, the results still indicate a strong association between AIP and hypertension.

Conclusions
AIP may serve as an early biological marker for identifying hypertension, facilitating early screening of susceptible populations.
Association between lipid accumulation product and the risk of colon cancer in adults: A population-based study
Authors: Guo Renjie , Wei Weiming 
Published: January 2025

Background
The purpose of this study was to look into any potential connections between the occurrence of colon cancer and the condition of the body of lipid accumulation product (LAP) index.

Methods
Using data from the 2009–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we performed a cross-sectional analysis with 24,592 individuals. Utilizing multivariate logistic regression modelling, the relationship between LAP levels and colon cancer risk was investigated. Subgroup analysis, trend test, interaction test, and stratified smoothed curve were also carried out.

Results
LAP levels and colon cancer risk were positively correlated after controlling for potential covariates (OR = 10.56, 95% CI: 2.40–46.53), the findings of trend tests are statistically significant. In particular groups, subgroup analysis revealed a positive connection between LAP levels and the risk of colon cancer. The association between LAP levels and colon cancer risk was shown to be M-shaped in the group under 60 years old, inverted V-shaped in the female and no-diabetes groups, and inverted L-shaped in the smoking and no-hypertensive groups, according to stratified smoothed curve fitting.

Conclusions
According to our findings, there is a strong correlation between LAP levels and the risk of colon cancer.
Comparison of behind-the-ear vs. off-the-ear speech processors in cochlear implants: A systematic review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Ayas Muhammed , Muzaffar Jameel , Phillips Veronica , Bance Manohar 
Published: January 2025

Background
Cochlear implants (CI) with off-the-ear (OTE) and behind-the-ear (BTE) speech processors differ in user experience and audiological performance, impacting speech perception, comfort, and satisfaction.

Objectives
This systematic review explores audiological outcomes (speech perception in quiet and noise) and non-audiological factors (device handling, comfort, cosmetics, overall satisfaction) of OTE and BTE speech processors in CI recipients.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA-S guidelines, examining Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. Data encompassed recipient characteristics, processor usage, speech perception, and non-audiological factors. Studies were assessed for quality and risk of bias by using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS).

Results
Nine studies involving 204 CI recipients, with a mean age of 49.01 years and 6.62 years of processor use, were included. Audiological results indicated comparable performance in quiet environments, with a slight preference for OTE in noisy conditions. For non-audiological factors, OTE processors excelled in comfort, handling, and aesthetics, leading to higher satisfaction. More data on medical complications and long-term implications is needed.

Conclusion
OTE processors may offer comparable performance to BTE processors in certain conditions, though not universally across all audiological outcomes. Interpretation depends on settings, processor generation, and testing paradigms. However, non-audiological factors might favour OTE. Understanding current literature may guide professionals in selecting suitable processors for CI recipients.
Comparative analysis of developmental outcomes in very preterm infants: BSID-II versus Bayley-III German norms
Authors: Hammerl Marlene , Zimmermann Martina , Posod Anna , Peglow Ulrike Pupp , Höck Michaela , Griesmaier Elke , Kiechl-Kohlendorfer Ursula , Neubauer Vera 
Published: January 2025

Introduction
After the release of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, third edition (Bayley-III), US norms, an overestimation of outcome was observed. But, the conformity between the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, second edition (BSID-II), and the Bayley-III German norms is unknown. This retrospective analysis aimed to compare outcomes of very preterm infants tested with BSID-II and Bayley-III German norms.

Methods
Infants born from November 2007 to July 2018 were included. Exclusion criteria were death or missing outcome. Infants underwent testing with either BSID-II until December 2013 or Bayley-III from January 2014 onward, at 12 and/or 24 months. BSID-II Mental Developmental Index (MDI) was compared to Bayley-III cognitive score and a combined Bayley-Score (CB-III) consisting of the cognitive and language composite score. BSID-II Psychomotor Developmental Index (PDI) was compared to Bayley-III motor composite score. Abnormal outcomes were defined as scores <85 (delay) or <70 (impairment).

Results
649 infants were included. At 12 months, the Bayley-III cohort achieved higher scores in all domains compared to the BSID-II cohort (all p<0.05), with lower rates of motor delay in the Bayley-III cohort (p<0.001). At 24 months, only Bayley-III motor composite scores were higher than the BSID-II PDI (p<0.001). Rates of cognitive impairment were higher in the Bayley-III cohort (p = 0.013).

Interpretation
Our findings indicate that the Bayley-III German norms effectively identify children needing interventions, particularly at 24 months corrected age. This supports both clinical application and scientific comparability with the BSID-II.
Identification and validation of key autophagy-related genes in lupus nephritis by bioinformatics and machine learning
Authors: Zhang Su , Hu Weitao , Tang Yelin , Chen Xiaoqing 
Published: January 2025

Introduction
Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most frequent and serious organic manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Autophagy, a new form of programmed cell death, has been implicated in a variety of renal diseases, but the relationship between autophagy and LN remains unelucidated.

Methods
We analyzed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in kidney tissues from 14 LN patients and 7 normal controls using the GSE112943 dataset. Key modules and their contained genes were identified utilizing weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Differentially expressed autophagy-related genes (DE-ARGs) among DEGs, key module genes and autophagy-related genes (ARGs) were obtained by venn plot, and subjected to protein-protein interaction network construction. Two machine learning methods were applied to identify signature genes. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves was used to assess the accuracy of the signature genes. We also analyzed immune cell infiltration in LN. Additionally, the association between key genes and kidney diseases was predicted. Finally, key genes expression in kidney was verified by clinical samples and animal experiments.

Results
A total of 10304 DEGs were identified in GSE1129943 and 29 modules were identified in WGCNA. Among them, the brown module and coral 2 module exhibited significant correlation with LN (cor = 0.86, -0.84, p<0.001). Machine learning techniques identified 5 signature genes, but only 2 were validated in the external dataset GSE32591, namely MAP1LC3B (AUC = 0.920) and TNFSF10 (AUC = 0.937), which are involved in autophagy and apoptosis. Immune infiltration analysis suggested that these key genes may be associated with immune cell infiltration in LN. In addition, these genes have been linked to a variety of renal diseases, and their expression was verified in kidney tissues in LN patients and lupus mice.

Conclusion
MAP1LC3B and TNFSF10 may be key autophagy-related genes in LN. These key genes have the potential to provide new insights into the molecular diagnosis and treatment of LN.
Associations between circulating amino acids and metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease in individuals living with severe obesity
Authors: Maltais‐Payette Ina , Bourgault Jérôme , Gauthier Marie‐Frédérique , Biertho Laurent , Marceau Simon , Julien François , Mitchell Patricia L. , Couture Christian , Brière Francis , Corbeil Jacques , Arsenault Benoit J. , Tchernof André 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMetabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) describes liver diseases caused by the accumulation of triglycerides in hepatocytes (steatosis) as well as the resulting inflammation and fibrosis. Previous studies have demonstrated that accumulation of fat in visceral adipose tissue compartments and the liver is associated with alterations in the circulating levels of some amino acids, notably glutamate. This study aimed to investigate the associations between circulating amino acids, particularly glutamate, and MASLD. In addition, we hypothesized that liver steatosis, concomitant with visceral adiposity, could contribute to the association between circulating glutamate and visceral obesity. We studied a sample of 150 patients living with severe obesity who were non‐diabetic and selected to represent a wide range of MASLD severity. Liver histological features were determined by a pathologist from a biopsy sample obtained at the time of bariatric surgery. Bulk RNA sequencing measured the hepatic mRNA expression level of selected genes related to the urea cycle and glutamate metabolism. Fasting plasma amino acid levels were measured by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Patients with more advanced steatosis had larger visceral adipocytes, higher levels of circulating tyrosine, glutamate, and alanine as well as lower levels of serine. MASLD severity was significantly associated with the hepatic mRNA expression of glutamate metabolism genes such as GLS1, GLUL (positively), and NAGS (inversely). In individuals living with obesity, MASLD severity is associated with visceral adipocyte hypertrophy, higher circulating glutamate as well as potential alterations of hepatic amino acid and nitrogen metabolism.
FRAND Licensing of Standard-Essential Patents: Comparing Realistic Ex-Ante and Ex-Post Contracts
Authors: Parcu Pier Luigi , Rossi Maria Alessandra , Silei David 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The paper presents a bargaining model that compares two forms of licensing of Standard Essential Patents (SEPs) in terms of their ability to deliver Fair, Reasonable and Non-Discriminatory (FRAND) royalties. The first is a profit-based or ad valorem contract signed ex-ante, before the product market entry of the implementer. The second is a lump sum contract signed ex-post, after implementers’ profits have been realized. Both contracts are realistic, i.e. compatible with the typical timing of standardization activities. We find that the ex-ante contract dominates the ex-post one in many but not all situations. It does when the imbalance in bargaining power between the parties is not too strong, independently of how the latter is distributed. In more extreme situations of bargaining power imbalance (typical hold-up and hold-out situations), ex-ante contracts are again better when the level of litigation costs relative to profits is very high or very low. However, for intermediate levels of litigation costs relative to profits, the threat of litigation may be useful to set royalties that are closer to FRAND. This finding is relevant in light of current regulatory initiatives over-emphasizing ex-ante licensing, like the European SEP Regulation.