bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global Emergency Medicine: A Scoping Review of the Literature from 2022
Authors: Hexom Braden J. , Quao Nana Serwaa A. , Bandolin N. Shakira , Bonney Joseph , Collier Amanda , Dyal Jonathan , Lee J. Austin , Nicholson Benjamin D. , Rybarczyk Megan M. , Rees Chris A. , Roy Charlotte M. , Bhaskar Nidhi , Kivlehan Sean M. ,   the Global Emergency Medicine Literature Review (GEMLR) Group
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe objective was to identify the highest quality global emergency medicine (GEM) research published in 2022. The top articles are compiled in a comprehensive list of all the year's GEM articles and narrative summaries are performed on those included.MethodsA systematic PubMed search was conducted to identify all GEM articles published in 2022 and included a manual supplemental screen of 11 organizational websites for gray literature (GRAY). A team of trained reviewers and editors screened all identified titles and abstracts, based on three case definition categories: disaster and humanitarian response (DHR), emergency care in resource‐limited settings (ECRLS), and emergency medicine development (EMD). Articles meeting these definitions were independently scored by two reviewers using rubrics for original research (OR), review (RE) articles, and GRAY. Articles that scored in the top 5% from each category as well as the overall top 5% of articles were included for narrative summary.ResultsThe 2022 search identified 58,510 articles in the main review, of which 524 articles screened in for scoring, respectively, 30% and 18% increases from last year. After duplicates were removed, 36 articles were included for narrative summary. The GRAY search identified 7755 articles, of which 33 were scored and one was included for narrative summary. ECRLS remained the largest category (27; 73%), followed by DHR (7; 19%) and EMD (3; 8%). OR articles remained more common than RE articles (64% vs. 36%).ConclusionsThe waning of the COVID‐19 pandemic has not affected the continued growth in GEM literature. Articles related to prehospital care, mental health and resilience among patients and health care workers, streamlining pediatric infectious disease care, and disaster preparedness were featured in this year's review. The continued lack of EMD studies despite the global growth of GEM highlights a need for more scholarly dissemination of best practices.
Effects of combined chlorogenic acid and cold plasma on the colour and flavour of roasted mutton patties
Authors: Yang Xinyu , Yang Xiaoyue , Sun Xiangxiang , Zhang Dequan , Gao Xiaoguang , Wang Zhenyu 
Published: October 2023

SummaryPolyphenol addition and cold plasma (CP) treatment are both potential technologies in the meat industry. In this study, six treatments, control (without chlorogenic acid and plasma treatment), CA (with only chlorogenic acid addition), CA‐CP‐15, CA‐CP‐30, CA‐CP‐45 and CA‐CP‐60 (cold plasma treated chlorogenic acid solution for 15, 30, 45 and 60 min), were used to investigate the effect of cold plasma treated chlorogenic acid solution on the quality of roasted mutton. The results showed that the redness (a*) of CA‐CP‐15 was increased by 40.7% compared to the control group. The synergistic treatment promoted the unfolding of α‐helix and formation of β‐fold in the roasted meat proteins, resulting in a 34.09% decrease in the shear force value of CA‐CP‐15 and differences in muscle fibre structure among the treatment groups. The significantly enhanced free radical scavenging capacity resulted in a 39.19–64.84% inhibition of lipid oxidation. Furthermore, the odour activity values indicated that thirteen volatile components such as 1‐Octen‐3‐ol, Hexanal, 2‐ethyl‐3,5‐dimethyl‐pyrazine and 2‐pentyl‐Furan could be considered as characteristic flavour compounds of roasted mutton. In conclusion, cold plasma treatment improved the quality of roasted mutton patties. This study provides a new idea for the application of cold plasma in meat processing.
The truncation of investment flows
Authors: Bidard Christian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn finance, the economic evaluation of an intertemporal flow of investments may lead to opposite conclusions according as the present value criterion or the internal rate of return (IRR) criterion is retained. However, when the lifetime of the project results from an economic choice, the criteria are reconciled for the competitive sequence. When the flows are expressed in physical terms, a generalization of the notion of IRR allows us to show that multisector fixed‐capital models with a given real wage behave like single‐product systems. The competitive rate of return has a maximality property. The paper revises the logical and chronological relationships between neo‐Austrian and Sraffian fixed‐capital models.
No need for fasting prior to doppler ultrasound of pediatric liver transplants: A self‐controlled study
Authors: Verhagen Martijn V. , van der Doef Hubert P. J. , Kwee Thomas C. , de Haas Robbert J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundChildren frequently undergo routine Doppler‐ultrasound (DUS) after liver transplantation (LT) for which they are fasted, but this may cause hunger and discomfort.ObjectiveTo determine if DUS measurements, with focus on the portal vein (PV), are affected by prandial changes, and if this affects distress and feasibility of the DUS.Materials and MethodsChildren were prospectively included to undergo a pre‐ and postprandial DUS on the same day at 6 months after LT. Pre‐ and anastomotic PV peak systolic velocity (PSV), and hepatic artery and hepatic vein DUS measurements were obtained. Pre‐ and postprandial measurements, and relative postprandial change of PV velocity ratio (VR) compared to PV anastomotic PSV, were compared using paired‐sample t‐tests and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Obscuration by bowel gas, difficulty of DUS, and impact of fasting were assessed using 5‐point rating scales.ResultsTwenty‐eight children (median age 3.5 years, IQR 1.6–10.8) were included; four were subsequently excluded because they were not fasted (N = 2) or withdrew consent for the second DUS (N = 2). Measurements between pre‐ and postprandial DUS, and relative postprandial change of VR compared to PV anastomotic PSV, were not significantly different (p > .05). Test consistency was good (ICC = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.29–0.67) for PV anastomotic PSV, and excellent (95% CI = 0.61–0.93) for PV VR. Obscuration by bowel gas or ease of DUS did not change after eating (p > .05). The majority (16/28, 57.2%) found fasting difficult, and several (13/28, 46.4%) got upset when fasted.ConclusionChildren with an LT do not need to be fasted for routine DUS, which may decrease the burden of the examination.
Coping with administrative tasks: A cross‐country analysis from a street‐level perspective
Authors: Tiggelaar Maria , Groeneveld Sandra , George Bert 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAdministrative tasks often are an unavoidable aspect of the daily work of street‐level bureaucrats (SLBs). These burdensome tasks are job demands that can cause stress and put a strain on SLBs' working experience and performance. So far, few studies have searched for job resources that can help SLBs cope with this aspect of their daily work. This study analyzes how performing administrative tasks results in job stress. Participation in organizational decision‐making is presented as a job resource that mitigates this impact—although, we hypothesize, less so in countries with high power distance. Using a survey dataset of 113,210 teachers across 46 countries, we find that participation in organizational decision‐making indeed reduces the impact of spending time on administrative tasks on job stress. Power distance does not influence this moderation significantly but does have cross‐level interactions with both the time spent on administrative tasks and the level of participation separately.
High Throughflow StreamVane Swirl Distortion Generators: Design and Analysis
Authors: Hayden Andrew P. , Gillespie John , Hefner Cole , Untaroiu Alexandrina , Lowe K. Todd 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In recent years, the StreamVane technology has developed into a mature and streamlined process that can reproduce swirl distortion for ground-test evaluation of fan and compressor performance and durability. A StreamVane device consists of complex turning vanes that accurately output a distorted secondary velocity field at a defined distance downstream. To further advance the applications and conditions in which these devices operate, a research effort was developed and completed to investigate methods to increase critical Mach numbers. The effort was split into three separate stages: (1) Perform high fidelity computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to identify peak Mach number locations within twin and quad swirl vane pack designs; (2) conduct thorough literature reviews on relevant high throughflow techniques; and (3) design and implement selected techniques to evaluate improvements using the same high-fidelity CFD methods. It was predicted that employing blade lean within high-speed vane junctions increased critical Mach numbers by 6.6%, while blade sweep resulted in a 3.5% increase. The results and conclusions from this effort are presented throughout this paper with a primary focus on comparing Mach numbers and swirl profiles between vane packs with and without high throughflow designs.
Taxonomy-Driven Graph-Theoretic Framework for Manufacturing Cybersecurity Risk Modeling and Assessment
Authors: Rahman Md Habibor , Hamedani Erfan Yazdandoost , Son Young-Jun , Shafae Mohammed 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Identifying, analyzing, and evaluating cybersecurity risks are essential to devise effective decision-making strategies to secure critical manufacturing against potential cyberattacks. However, a manufacturing-specific quantitative approach is lacking to effectively model threat events and evaluate the unique cybersecurity risks in discrete manufacturing systems. In response, this paper introduces the first taxonomy-driven graph-theoretic model and framework to formally represent this unique cybersecurity threat landscape and identify vulnerable manufacturing assets requiring prioritized control. First, the proposed framework characterizes threat actors’ techniques, tactics, and procedures using taxonomical classifications of manufacturing-specific threat attributes and integrates these attributes into cybersecurity risk modeling. This facilitates the systematic generation of comprehensive and generalizable cyber-physical attack graphs for discrete manufacturing systems. Second, using the attack graph formalism, the proposed framework enables concurrent modeling and analysis of a wide variety of cybersecurity threats comprising varying attack vectors, locations, vulnerabilities, and consequences. The risk model captures the cascading attack impact of varying attack methods through different cyber and physical entities in manufacturing systems, leading to specific consequences. Then, the constructed cyber-physical attack graphs are analyzed to comprehend threat propagation through the discrete manufacturing value chain and identify potential attack paths. Third, a quantitative risk assessment approach is presented to evaluate the cybersecurity risk associated with potential attack paths. It also identifies the attack path with the maximum likelihood of success, pointing out critical manufacturing assets requiring prioritized control. Finally, the proposed risk modeling and assessment framework is demonstrated using an illustrative example.
Antibiotics do not induce expression of
acrAB
directly but via a RamA-dependent pathway
Authors: Ricci Vito , Kaur Jaswant , Stone Jack , Piddock Laura J. V. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to determine if
acrAB
induction in
Salmonella
Typhimurium relies solely on RamA or if other transcriptional activator pathways are also involved, and to better understand the kinetics of induction of both
acrAB
and
ramA
. We evaluated the expression of
acrAB
in
S
. Typhimurium in response to a variety of compounds that are known to induce the expression of one or more of the transcriptional activators, MarA, SoxS, RamA, and Rob. We utilized green fluorescent protein (GFP) transcriptional reporter fusions to investigate the changes in the expression of
acrAB, ramA, marA,
and
soxS
following exposure to sub-inhibitory concentrations of antimicrobial compounds. Of the compounds tested, 13 induce
acrAB
expression in
S
. Typhimurium via RamA, MarA, SoxS, and Rob-dependent pathways. None of the tested antibiotics induced
acrAB
expression, and compounds that induced
acrAB
expression also induced a general stress response. The results from this study show that the majority of compounds tested induced
acrAB
via the RamA-dependent pathway. However, none of the antibiotic substrates of the AcrB efflux pump directly increased the expression of AcrAB either directly or indirectly via the induction of one of the transcriptional activators. Using a dual GFP/RFP reporter, we investigated the kinetics of the induction of
ramA
and
acrAB
simultaneously and found that
acrAB
gene expression was transient compared to
ramA
gene expression.
ramA
gene expression increased with time and would remain high or decrease slowly over the course of the experiment indicating that RamA exerts a wider global effect and is not limited to efflux regulation alone.
The cytochrome P450 reductase CprA is a rate-limiting factor for Cyp51A-mediated azole resistance in
Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: Kühbacher Alexander , Merschak Petra , Haas Hubertus , Liebl Maximilian , Müller Christoph , Gsaller Fabio 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Azole antifungals remain the “gold standard” therapy for invasive aspergillosis. The world-wide emergence of isolates resistant to this drug class, however, developed into a steadily increasing threat to human health over the past years. In
Aspergillus fumigatus
, major mechanisms of resistance involve increased expression of
cyp51A
encoding one of two isoenzymes targeted by azoles. Yet, the level of resistance caused by
cyp51A
upregulation
,
driven by either clinically relevant tandem repeat mutations within its promoter or the use of high expressing heterologous promoters, is limited. Cytochrome P450 enzymes such as Cyp51A rely on redox partners that provide electrons for their activity.
A. fumigatus
harbors several genes encoding putative candidate proteins including two paralogous cytochrome P450 reductases, CprA and CprB, and the cytochrome
b
5
CybE. In this work, we investigated the contribution of each
cprA
,
cprB,
and
cybE
overexpression to
cyp51A
-mediated resistance to different medical and agricultural azoles. Using the bidirectional promoter
PxylP
, we conditionally expressed these genes in combination with
cyp51A
, revealing
cprA
as the main limiting factor. Similar to this approach, we overexpressed
cprA
in an azole-resistant background strain carrying a
cyp51A
allele with TR34 in its promoter, which led to a further increase in its resistance. Employing sterol measurements, we demonstrate an enhanced eburicol turnover during upregulation of either
cprA
or
cyp51A
, which was even more pronounced during their simultaneous overexpression. In summary, our work suggests that mutations leading to increased Cyp51A activity through increased electron supply could be key factors that elevate azole resistance.
Pharmacokinetics and safety of a single dose of telavancin in pediatric subjects 2–17 years of age
Authors: Bradley John S. , Goldman Jennifer L. , James Laura P. , Kaelin Byron , Gibson Breanne H. Y. , Arrieta Antonio 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Antimicrobial resistance increases infection morbidity in both adults and children, necessitating the development of new therapeutic options. Telavancin, an antibiotic approved in the United States for certain bacterial infections in adults, has not been examined in pediatric patients. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the short-term safety and pharmacokinetics (PK) of a single intravenous infusion of telavancin in pediatric patients. Single-dose safety and PK of 10 mg/kg telavancin was investigated in pediatric subjects >12 months to ≤17 years of age with known or suspected bacterial infection. Plasma was collected up to 24-h post-infusion and analyzed for concentrations of telavancin and its metabolite for noncompartmental PK analysis. Safety was monitored by physical exams, vital signs, laboratory values, and adverse events following telavancin administration. Twenty-two subjects were enrolled: 14 subjects in Cohort 1 (12–17 years), 7 subjects in Cohort 2 (6–11 years), and 1 subject in Cohort 3 (2–5 years). A single dose of telavancin was well-tolerated in all pediatric age cohorts without clinically significant effects. All age groups exhibited increased clearance of telavancin and reduced exposure to telavancin compared to adults, with mean peak plasma concentrations of 58.3 µg/mL (Cohort 1), 60.1 µg/mL (Cohort 2), and 53.1 µg/mL (Cohort 3). A 10 mg/kg dose of telavancin was well tolerated in pediatric subjects. Telavancin exposure was lower in pediatric subjects compared to adult subjects. Further studies are needed to determine the dose required in phase 3 clinical trials in pediatrics.
Complete genome sequence of
Mucilaginibacter gossypii
P3, a heavy metal(loid)-resistant bacterium, isolated from a gold and copper mine
Authors: Li Yuan-Ping , Yang Xiao-Jun , Yu Yan-Shuang , Liu Guo-Hong , Feng Fajie , Ye Jiang-Hua , Christopher Rensing 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Mucilaginibacter gossypii
P3, which was isolated from the sub-surface soil of the Zijin Gold and Copper Mine, displayed extremely high resistance to multiple heavy metal(loid)s and contained two novel
ars
operons. Complete genome sequencing of P3 yielded a single, closed genome of 7,187,928 bp, with GC content of 42.79%.
TIPS stent migration causing sinus of Valsalva rupture
Authors: Siddiqui Mohammed , Pillutla Priya 
Published: October 2023

A man in his 40s presented with haematemesis and melaena and was found to have a massive variceal bleed. Endoscopic procedures were ineffective at controlling the bleed; thus, an emergent transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) procedure was performed. There were no noted complications from the procedure and the patient was eventually discharged home. A month later, a murmur was auscultated on routine physical examination. This prompted an outpatient transthoracic echocardiogram which revealed a TIPS stent in the inferior vena cava (IVC) extending into the right atrium along with a ruptured sinus of Valsalva with left to right shunt.The patient declined surgical intervention. He is currently being followed in the outpatient setting with serial echocardiograms and medical management.
Strega
: An HTTP Server for FPGAs
Authors: Maschi Fabio , Alonso Gustavo 
Published: October 2023

The computer architecture landscape is being reshaped by the new opportunities, challenges, and constraints brought by the cloud. On the one hand, high-level applications profit from specialised hardware to boost their performance and reduce deployment costs. On the other hand, cloud providers maximise the CPU time allocated to client applications by offloading infrastructure tasks to hardware accelerators. While it is well understood how to do this for, e.g., network function virtualisation and protocols such as TCP/IP, support for higher networking layers is still largely missing, limiting the potential of accelerators. In this article, we present
Strega
, an open source

1

light-weight Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) server that enables crucial functionality such as FPGA-accelerated functions being called through a RESTful protocol (FPGA-as-a-Function). Our experimental analysis shows that a single
Strega
node sustains a throughput of 1.7 M HTTP requests per second with an end-to-end latency as low as 16, μs, outperforming nginx running on 32 vCPUs in both metrics, and can even be an alternative to the traditional OpenCL flow over the PCIe bus. Through this work, we pave the way for running microservices directly on FPGAs, bypassing CPU overhead and realising the full potential of FPGA acceleration in distributed cloud applications.
The Evolving Landscape of B Cells in Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Ramos Monika J. , Lui Asona J. , Hollern Daniel P. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer mortality. Functional and clinical studies have documented diverse B-cell and antibody responses in cancer metastasis. The presence of B cells in tumor microenvironments and metastatic sites has been associated with diverse effects that can promote or inhibit metastasis. Specifically, B cells can contribute to the spread of cancer cells by enhancing tumor cell motility, invasion, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Moreover, they can promote metastatic colonization by triggering pathogenic immunoglobulin responses and recruiting immune suppressive cells. Contrastingly, B cells can also exhibit antimetastatic effects. For example, they aid in enhanced antigen presentation, which helps activate immune responses against cancer cells. In addition, B cells play a crucial role in preventing the dissemination of metastatic cells from the primary tumor and secrete antibodies that can aid in tumor recognition. Here, we review the complex roles of B cells in metastasis, delineating the heterogeneity of B-cell activity and subtypes by metastatic site, antibody class, antigen (if known), and molecular phenotype. These important attributes of B cells emphasize the need for a deeper understanding and characterization of B-cell phenotypes to define their effects in metastasis.
Incidence and Impact of Acute Pericarditis in Hospitalized Patients With COVID‐19
Authors: Li Pengyang , Shi Ao , Lu Xiaojia , Li Chenlin , Cai Peng , Teng Catherine , Liu Bolun , Wu Lingling , Liu Qi , Wang Bin 
Published: October 2023

Background
Acute pericarditis (AP) is considered a cardiovascular complication in patients with COVID‐19. We aimed to ass‐ess the incidence, associated complications, and clinical impact of AP on hospitalized patients with COVID‐19.

Methods and Results

In this retrospective cohort study,
International Classification of Diseases, Tenthth Revision, Clinical Modification
(
ICD‐10
) codes were used to identify patients with COVID‐19 with or without AP in the National Inpatient Sample 2020 database. We compared outcomes between AP and non‐AP groups before and after propensity‐score matching for patient and hospital demographics and relevant comorbidities. A total of 211 619 patients with a primary diagnosis of COVID‐19 were identified, including 983 (0.46%) patients who had a secondary diagnosis of AP. Before matching, patients with COVID‐19 with AP were younger (59.93±19.24 years old versus 64.29±16.82 years old) and more likely to have anemia (40.5% versus 19.9%), cancer (6.7% versus 3.6%), and chronic kidney disease (29.3% versus 19.6%) (all
P
<0.05). After matching, patients with COVID‐19 with AP (n=980), when compared with the matched non‐AP group (n=2936), had higher rates of mortality (21.3% versus 11.1%,
P
<0.001), cardiac arrest (5.0% versus 2.6%,
P
<0.001), cardiogenic shock (4.2% versus 0.5%,
P
<0.001), ventricular arrhythmia (4.7% versus 1.9%,
P
<0.001), acute kidney injury (38.3% versus 28.9%,
P
<0.001), acute congestive heart failure (14.3% versus 4.8%,
P
<0.001), and longer length of stay (7.00±10.00 days versus 5.00±7.00 days,
P
<0.001) and higher total charges ($75066.5±$130831.3 versus $44824.0±$63660.5,
P
<0.001).

Conclusions
In hospitalized patients with COVID‐19, AP is a rare but severe in‐hospital complication and is associated with worse in‐hospital outcomes.