bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal imaging and manipulation of surface plasmons
Authors: Crampton Kevin T. , Joly Alan G. , Gong Yu , El-Khoury Patrick 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are travelling surface waves that have shown promise for applications in nanophotonics as they provide a direct route toward photon-mediated electrical signal generation – a central paradigm for speeding up and scaling down photonic elements. SPP waves have also generated fundamental interest due to their high-field strength and sub-wavelength confinement, properties that have enabled the surface-enhanced Raman effect. Over the last decade, photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) has emerged as a pioneering technique for imaging surface electric fields through ultrashort laser pulse mediated electron emission and has therefore become an indispensable tool for characterizing plasmonic phenomena at interfaces in a variety of materials. PEEM offers nanometer spatial resolution and femtosecond temporal resolution, allowing SPPs to be prepared, monitored, and manipulated on the nanometer-femtosecond scale. Through a brief review of recent reports, we aim to introduce PEEM-based SPP imaging and manipulation modalities and highlight their utility in the context of emerging nanoscale and quantum materials science advancements.
Virology, pathogenesis, epidemiology and clinical management of HTLV-1 infection. Proceedings of the 30th HTLV European research network (HERN 2023)
Authors: de Mendoza Carmen , Taylor Graham , Gessain Antoine , Thoma-Kress Andrea K. , Bangham Charles , Vesterbacka Jan , Accolla Roberto , Bazarbachi Ali , van Weyenbergh Johan , Cook Lucy , Casseb Jorge , Ramos Juan Carlos , Rosadas Carolina , Macchi Beatrice , Cassar Olivier , Soriano Vicente 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe 30th workshop of the HTLV European Research Network (HERN) was held in Madrid on September 15–16, 2023. Over fifty researchers from Europe and America convened for a two-day conference to update and discuss basic science, epidemiology, clinical management and therapeutics for patients with HTLV-1 infection. Scientific topics addressed included new estimates for HTLV-1 in Europe; impact of antenatal screening on mother-to-child HTLV-1 infections; new insights into the molecular epidemiology of HTLV-1; reports of elite controllers for HTLV-1 infection; role of antiretrovirals as HTLV-1 pre-exposure prophylaxis; and prospects for a HTLV-1 vaccine. The group agreed to submit a formal request to WHO for increasing the global surveillance and awareness of HTLV-1. This viral infection is a potentially life-threatening, neglected condition with neither treatment nor vaccine. At this time, expanding HTLV-1 screening is the most effective way to reduce viral dissemination.
“We Understand Him Even Better Than He Understood Himself”: Kant and Plato on Sensibility, God, and the Good
Authors: Marren Marina 
Published: January 2024

AbstractKant criticizes Plato for his interest in positing ideas that are entirely purified from any sensible elements, but which, nonetheless, exist in some supra-sensible reality. I argue that Kant’s criticism can be repositioned and even countered if, in our assessment of Plato, we assign a wider scope of significance and greater value to the senses. In order to lend focus to my article, I analyze Socrates’ presentation of what I translate as the “look of the Good” (τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ ἰδέαν, 508e) in theRepublicso as to show the proximity between Plato and Kant on the question of sensibility. I also draw on thePhaedoand extant literature that goes against the traditional view regarding the status of Ideas or Forms, including the Idea of the Good. I further discuss an affinity between the Good that is “beyond being” (ἐπέκεινα τῆς οὐσίας, 509c) in theRepublicand Kant’s view of God as an Ideal of Reason. Given my articulation of the importance of the sensible dimension in Plato, there is a continuity between Kant and Plato on the question of the illegitimacy of certain ideas. In other words, in my reading (and contrary to Kant’s view of Plato), Kant does not so much overturn Plato’s metaphysics, but develops further the view that is already inscribed in Plato.
Gift of the Mamelukes: Animal ambassades as vectors of exotic fauna introductions in the Spanish Middle Ages
Authors: Morales-Muñiz Dolores Carmen , Morales-Muñiz Arturo 
Published: January 2024

The number of exotic animal species that were introduced in Iberia during the Middle Ages constitute a defectively documented area of research, mostly addressed through historiographic methods. In this paper we evidence that even in the case of large, exotic animals exchanged as gifts among dignitaries the documentary data can be painfully incomplete. This is the case of the animal embassy that the Mamluk sultan Baybars al Bunduqdari sent in 1261 to the Castilian king Alfonso X. Although the written sources do not specify the complete list of species nor the reasons for mentioning some but not others, documentary and iconographic data suggest that, in addition to an elephant, a giraffe and a zebra, this lot included, in a decreasing order of probability, a lion, a dromedary, an ostrich, and a Nile crocodile. If such conspicuous beasts could pass unnoticed in a royal chronicle, one may contend that even in the most thoroughly documented cases, written sources may refer but a minimal fraction of the animals translocated into Iberia during the Medieval period. Such information vacuum stresses the difficulties of granting “indigenous” status to species traditionally assumed to constitute elements of the Iberian fauna when their historical contingencies are defectively known, a matter of concern for the current rewilding debate in Spain.
sala de aula remota de língua espanhola
Authors: Álvares Margarida Rosa 
Published: January 2024

Este artigo apresenta os achados analíticos de uma investigação realizada na sala de aula de língua espanhola. À luz da Análise da Conversa Multimodal (ACM), descrevemos e analisamos eventos interacionais gerados em uma sala de aula de língua adicional, em contexto remoto, de uma universidade pública do Centro-Oeste brasileiro. A disciplina, para alunos concluintes do curso de graduação em Letras, versava sobre o aprimoramento da competência comunicativa, das habilidades produtivas e interativas em espanhol, com foco na expressão escrita. Ainda que a disciplina priorizasse a escrita, são as interações orais que nos interessam nesta pesquisa. Para nossas análises, utilizamos as gravações das aulas que ocorreram durante o final do ano de 2021 e início do ano de 2022 que foram transcritas e analisadas a partir do enfoque teórico-metodológico da Análise da Conversa Multimodal. Nosso objetivo, neste estudo, é investigar como ocorre o engajamento e o alinhamento dos/as estudantes no contexto interacional institucional. Os resultados mostram que, nas interações ocorridas, a maneira como as propostas de expressão oral são iniciadas pela professora tem implicação na organização da participação dos/as estudantes. Por meio de solicitações ou de propostas de expressão da oralidade, gera-se maior engajamento durante as aulas, enquanto ações que esperam participação voluntária dos discentes ou solicitações mais genéricas de engajamento não são muito eficazes. Observamos, ainda, que estar ou não com as câmeras abertas influencia no alinhamento por parte dos/as estudantes. Compreendemos que um olhar analítico detalhado para a sala de aula contribui para o contexto de formação de professores e para a reflexão sobre o processo de ensino e aprendizagem de língua adicional. Entendemos, também, que este estudo pode contribuir para reforçar a compreensão da ACM para além das fronteiras teórico-metodológicas.
Improvements to the Third Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast ETAS Model (UCERF3-ETAS)
Authors: Field Edward H. , Milner Kevin R. , Page Morgan T. , Savran William H. , van der Elst Nicholas 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We describe recent improvements to the Third Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast ETAS Model (UCERF3-ETAS), which continues to represent our most advanced and complete earthquake forecast in terms of relaxing segmentation assumptions and representing multifault ruptures, elastic-rebound effects, and spatiotemporal clustering (the latter to represent aftershocks and otherwise triggered events). The two main improvements include adding aleatory variability in aftershock productivity and the option to represent off-fault events with finite-rupture surfaces. We also summarize the studies that led to these modifications, and reflect on how past and future uses of the model can improve our understanding of earthquake processes and the hazards and risks they pose.
Shallow Megathrust Rupture during the 10 February 2021 Mw 7.7 Southeast Loyalty Islands Earthquake Sequence
Authors: Ye Lingling , Gong Wenzheng , Lay Thorne , Kanamori Hiroo , Chen Xiaofei 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
On 10 February 2021, an Mw 7.7 thrust earthquake ruptured the megathrust along the southeast Loyalty Islands within the strong bend in the plate boundary between the Australian plate and the North Fiji basin. The mainshock involved rupture with ∼50 s duration, with pure thrust slip concentrated in an east–west-trending slip patch with up to 4.2 m of slip extending from 10 to 25 km depth. Slip at depths &lt;10 km is negligible on the curved fault surface, which conforms to the SLAB2 interface model. Static stress-drop estimates are ∼5.5 MPa, and the radiated energy is 2.38×1015  J, with the moment-scaled value of 5.7×10−6. The relatively shallow rupture from 10 to 25 km was moderately efficient in generating tsunami, with waves amplitudes up to 20 cm recorded in New Caledonia, New Zealand, Kermadec, and Fiji. Numerous M5+ normal-faulting aftershocks occur south of the trench, indicating effective stress change transfer from the megathrust to the bending flange of the Australian plate that is negotiating the bend in the trench. Highly productive sequences involving paired thrust and normal faulting have repeatedly occurred westward along the northwest-trending portion of the Loyalty Islands region, also indicating unusually efficient stress communication.
Immune Infiltrate Profiling of Cutaneous Melanoma with Spatial Transcriptomics
Authors: Sankar Meghana , Zhou Hong-Ming , Wang Qun , Liu Yunglong , Xuei Xiaoling , Gao Hongyu , Alomari Ahmed , Warren Simon , Turner Matthew 
Published: January 2024

Background and Objective:In 2023, an estimated 97,610 melanomas will be diagnosed in the U.S. Immunotherapy has revolutionized care for melanoma patients and highlighted the prognostic value of characterizing immune infiltrates in melanoma tissue. This project used spatial transcriptomics (ST) to analyze immune infiltrates in cutaneous melanoma specimens.
Methods:Visium Spatial Gene Expression platform generated datasets from formalin fixed paraffin embedded cutaneous melanoma specimens were analyzed using Loupe Browser software v6.5.0 (10x Genomics Inc.). Unsupervised clustering and manual region selection identified areas enriched in immune cell specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The transcript for Collagen alpha-1(XIX) chain (COL19A1) was identified as a DEG co-expressed with B cell marker DEGs. Fluorescence activated cell sorting was used to isolate primary B and T cells from mouse secondary lymphoid organs and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to measure COL19A1 with quantitative PCR (qPCR).
Results:Transcripts for CD19 (B cell marker) were concentrated in an immune DEG- rich region adjacent to a melanoma micrometastasis in one specimen. There was overlap between the tertiary lymphoid structure [TLS] markers SELL, CXCR5, CCR7, and CXCL13 with CD19 and/or COL19A1. Though qPCR revealed minimal Col19a1 in mouse B and T cells, COL19A1 was abundant and specific for human B cells.
Conclusions & Potential Impact:This study demonstrates the feasibility and potential of using ST to characterize immune cell infiltrates in melanoma. Though COL19A1 expression is typically understood to be enriched in muscle and neuronal cells, the studies presented here suggest this transcript could be a novel human (but not mouse) B cell marker. Future studies are needed to determine if collagen XIX (protein) is expressed in B cells and if it is, what the biological functions of this protein are in B cells under physiologic and pathologic (e.g. melanoma) conditions.
Silencing COQ8B in Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells Reveals Cellular Dysfunction Related to Changes in Cell Proliferation
Authors: Davis Joshua , Landis Benjamin 
Published: January 2024

Background/Objective: Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is a prevalent disorder that predisposes to aortic dissection. Prior work identified the ubiquinone biosynthesis gene COQ8B as a genetic modifier of TAA progression. We sought to determine the impact of decreased COQ8B on global transcription in aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs).
Methods: Primary human aortic SMCs from a healthy donor were seeded in 12-well plates. Six experimental conditions were created, each with 3 replicates: 1) siRNA targeting COQ8B (siCOQ8B); 2) siRNA targeting the dominant TAA gene SMAD3 (siSMAD3); 3) negative controlsiRNA (siNeg); 4) siCOQ8B and siSMAD3; 5) siCOQ8B with Angiotensin II (AngII) stimulation (siCOQ8B+AngII); 6) siNeg+AngII. RNA was extracted approximately 48 hours post-siRNA transfection and, for AngII conditions, after 1 hour of incubation with AngII (100 nM). mRNAsequencing was performed and downstream analysis utilized R packages EdgeR and topGO.
Results: Multidimensional scaling identified distinct clustering of samples by experimental condition. Downregulated genes in siCOQ8B were enriched for Gene Ontology pathways related to cell proliferation including cell cycle regulators, DNA replication, and mitosis. MYOCD, a master regulator of SMC homeostasis, was downregulated. Similar proliferation-related pathways were enriched in siCOQ8B+siSMAD3 and siCOQ8B+AngII compared to siNeg. Pathways related to cell proliferation in siCOQ8B+AngII cells were downregulated when compared to siCOQ8B which indicates that AngII infusion in the context of COQ8B silencing may further dysregulate cell proliferation pathways.
Conclusion: The results indicate that COQ8B has an important role in cell cycle processes in aortic SMCs, including when SMCs are exposed to stressors associated with TAA development. Stimulation of angiotensin receptors may exacerbate the effects of decreased COQ8B in these processes. To investigate these experimental results in human pathology, bulk RNA samples and intact nuclei have been isolated from frozen human aortic specimens and prepared for transcriptomic analysis.
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Promote Muscle Regeneration in a Diabetic Mouse Model of Critical Limb Threatening Ischemia
Authors: Sualeh Ali , Doiron Theresa , Gil Chang-Hyun , Stashevsky Jennifer , Jimez Olivia , Chen Stone , Zhang Nancy , Samra Humraaz , Miller Steven J. , Murphy Michael P. 
Published: January 2024

Critical limb threatening ischemia (CLTI), the end stage of peripheral arterial disease (PAD), is diagnosed in 500,000 patients each year, often results in amputation, and has a ~50% 5-year mortality rate. Diabetic CLTI patients experience especially high morbidity and mortality, and no effective non-surgical therapy exists for this population. Our Phase II MOBILE trial demonstrated that autologous bone marrow nucleated cells were unable to prevent amputations in diabetic patients; however, data from a Phase I trial shows that allogeneic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMD-MSC) stimulated angiogenesis in ischemic muscle, including diabetics. While allogeneic MSC may be an effective cell preparation to treat diabetic CLTI, passaging-related cell senescence prevents generation of sufficient cell numbers for therapeutic use. The development of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived MSC overcomes cell senescence issues and offers the possibility of genetic modifications to enhance cell function. The current study was designed to determine potential mechanisms by which iPSC-MSC stimulate muscle regeneration in a rodent CLTI model.
The CLTI mouse model was created by ligation/excision of the femoral artery in male polygenic diabetic TallyHo mice. Mice with intramuscular administration of iPSC-MSC displayed positive indicators of muscle regeneration compared to vehicle control mice. Real-time PCR performed with gastrocnemius muscle obtained 7- or 30-days post iPSC-MSC injection showed an increase in mRNA expression for MyH3, MyoD1, Mrc1, FoxP3, and VEGF-A vs. vehicle treated muscle, indicating promotion of muscle regeneration, M2-biased macrophage expression, T regulatory cell (Treg) expansion, and vascular proliferation. Downregulation of the NADPHoxidase subunit p47phox indicated a decrease in oxidative stress in the treated mice. The results are consistent with iPSC-MSC promotion of muscle regeneration via a Treg mediated stimulation of the M1-M2 macrophage phenotypic shift. Thus, human iPSC-MSC could be an effective treatment to stimulate muscle regeneration and ameliorate CLTI in diabetic patients.
Investigating the Modulating Effects of Tirzepatide on NAFLD/NASH Progression Using 3D Human Liver Organoids
Authors: Wei Barry , Le Thi M.U. , `Catron Evan J. , Passarelli Robert P. , Li Ping , Zhang Wenjun , Ekser Burcin 
Published: January 2024

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a disease characterized by the accumulation of lipids in the liver that ultimately progresses to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis. Currently, there is no known FDA-approved treatment for NASH. Tirzepatide (brand name Mounjaro), a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonist, has been hypothesized to have potential effects in reversing NAFLD/NASH progression and restoring liver function. However, this hypothesis remains untested in current literature. The aim of this study is to use 3D human liver organoids (3D-HLOs) as an ex vivo model system to determine the potential effects of tirzepatide on the progression of NAFLD/NASH.

Methods: 3D-HLOs were constructed by incorporating 5 major human hepatic cell types isolated from NAFLD livers, including hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells, liver endothelial cells, cholangiocytes, and Kupffer cells. NAFLD 3D-HLOs were maintained in the hepatocyte medium supplemented with 50mM free fatty acid (FFA) only (control group) or FFA+tirzepatide (100nM, 200nM, or 500 nM) for 14 days. By the end of the treatment, 3D-HLOs were subjected to BODIPY493/503 staining to determine lipid droplet accumulation. Immunofluorescence staining and confocal microscopy analysis were performed to confirm hepatocyte function (ALBUMIN) and fibrosis (COL1A1). qPCR was performed to determine the relative expression markers of hepatocyte function (ALBUMIN, HNF4A), angiogenesis (PECAM-1, VCAM-1, ICAM-1), and fibrosis (ACTA2, COL1A1).

Results: BODIPY 493/503 revealed no significant difference in lipid deposition between 3D-HLOs in all treatment groups. Mean immunofluorescence staining intensity for albumin in controls, 100nM, 200nM, and 500nM tirzepatide were 154.4, 181.4, 221.1, and 236.4, respectively (p>0.05). Dose-dependent quadratic regression revealed a strong correlation between dose and albumin fluorescence intensity (R2 = 0.963). qRT-PCR analysis revealed that tirzepatide treatment did not significantly alter transcriptional levels of ALB, HNFA4, ACTA2, PECAM-1, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 compared to the control group.

Conclusion: Although there is no statistically significant difference in liver cell function markers at different tirzepatide dosages in the setting of NAFLD/NASH, the highest dose of tirzepatide improved ALB expression despite ongoing FFA exposure, indicating a potential hyperbolic relationship between tirzepatide concentration and albumin production. Future investigation with altered treatment duration and dosage will elucidate whether there are any direct modulating effects of tirzepatide on NAFLD/NASH progression.
Assessing Prevalence of TBI in a Community Setting
Authors: Haran Pranav , Thomas-Fannin Allie 
Published: January 2024

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is often under-reported and thus under-recognized by clinicians. Reports of TBI prevalence have been widely variable based on the methods of data collection and definition of TBI. This study investigates the prevalence of TBI using the Ohio State University TBI Identification Method (OSU TBI-ID), a reliable and valid structured interview designed to elicit lifetime history of TBI. We also assessed relationships between TBI and psychiatric illnesses. Identifying prevalence and effects of TBI on mental health is critical to providing personalized, higher-quality care for psychiatric patients in community settings.

Methods: Patients receiving mental health care at the IUSM Psychiatry Residency Clinic in Vincennes, Indiana were asked to participate in a research study assessing history of head or neck injuries. Patients attended their regularly scheduled appointments with resident physicians, and 2–5-minute TBI screenings were conducted during or immediately after their appointment. Following the interview, patient charts were reviewed for documentation of prior TBI and all current psychiatric diagnoses.

Results: Prevalence of TBI was reported at 62.3% among patients receiving psychiatric care. 87 total TBI events were recorded, including repetitive TBI events, after 77 patient interviews. The most common cause of acute TBI was vehicular accident. The most common cause of repetitive TBI was sports injury. Of the 87 TBIs, only 5 TBI events were recorded in patient charts. History of TBI was more likely in patients with PTSD as well as substance use disorders, and this was especially evident in patients with repetitive TBI.

Conclusion and Potential Impact: This study shows that TBI is quite common among psychiatric patients and is vastly under-reported in patient charts. Increasing clinician awareness of TBI history in their patients is critical to providing high-quality care, and the OSU TBI-ID provides an efficient way to screen patients for TBI.