bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On The Sanctity Of Supreme Civil Sovereignty
Authors: Carr Craig L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Just as supreme civil sovereignty was established for the safety of human-kind and to take away the infinite miseries of the natural state, so it is in human-kind’s greatest interest that everyone consider it sacrosanct and inviolable No sensible person doubts, at any rate, that it is wrong to resist sovereigns so long as they stay within the limits of their authority. For it is apparent from the end and character of sovereignty that there should necessarily be conjoined with it an obligation not to resist, that is, to obey without reluctance by doing or omitting that which it enjoins.
On the supreme civil sovereignty’s authority to determine The value of citizens
Authors: Carr Craig L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There are also certain foundations outside the state, in natural freedom, on the basis of which one person can be deservedly preferred to another. Yet since it depends on a pact or a determination of the civil sovereignty whether these foundations furnish someone with a right, it seems most appropriate at this point to set forth the general substance of the distinctions among men according to their esteem. For esteem is the value of persons in communal life according to which they can be equated or compared with others, and ranked before or after them.
“On a Certain Blindness”: Henry James and the Politics of Cultural Response
Authors: Posnock Ross 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“I hate American simplicity. I glory in the piling up of complications of every sort. If I could pronounce the name of James in any different or more elaborate way I should be in favor of doing so” (Letters 4: xxxi). The touch of bravado in James’s avowal to his niece reminds us of his delight in complexity itself as a source of the “fun” to which art “all comes back to” (A11 345). At other times James spoke of being “accursedly born to touch nothing save to complicate it.” James’s passion for difficulty-the only thing “at bottom ... that interests me”-is obvious to any reader. Less clear is what his commitment to “complications of every sort” means in a Protestant culture of “simplicity,” one that “affords little room for the cultivation of ambiguity,” as sociologist Donald Levine has observed. Recently he has argued that although a “flight from ambiguity characterizes the culture of most modern societies ... in the United States this tendency has been manifest to an exceptional degree” (37).
“The Religion of Doing”: Breaking the Aura of Henry James
Authors: Posnock Ross 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I take the opening pages of The American Scene as a kind of Proustian teacup: from them springs into being a Henry James who will be at the center of our attention, a “restored absentee” risking “exposure” and a “certain recklessness.” Upon his record of impressions he resolves “to stand naked and unashamed,” even willing to “go to the stake for them.” Like some voluntary Hester Prynne on the scaffold or some Whitman tramping a perpetual journey, this Henry James stages his own spectacle of public vulnerability. He relishes walking the teeming streets of New York, riding the “denselypacked street-cars,” feeling “the whole quality and allure ... of the pushing male crowd,” mingling with the “polyglot” vistors to Central Park and the “great swarming” life of the “New Jerusalem” on the Lower East Side (Scene 126, 83, 177, 131).
Some Remarks On The Genealogy Of Morals
Authors: Danto Arthur C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The third essay of the three which compose The Genealogy of Morals is, according to Nietzsche’s preface to the work, a gloss on its prefixed aphorism, which reads: “Unconcerned, mocking, violent-thus wisdom wants us: She is a woman, and always loves only a warrior.” What sort of warrior is unconcerned? One, I suppose, for whom the means is an end, for whom warmaking is not so much what you do but what you are, so that it is not a matter of warring for, but as, an end. There is, he tell us in the first essay “no being behind doing … the ‘doer’ is merely a fiction added to the deed.” So the unconcerned warrior is perhaps best exemplified by the great archer Arjuna, in the Bhagavad Gita, instructed by Krishna that unconcern for consequences, hence disinterested participation in the battle, is the path to follow if release is sought from karma: it is not desisting from action, which is in any case impossible as much for the Gita as for Nietzsche, but a certain enlightened view of the metaphysics of action, which wisdom loves.
Sex Crimes in the Press: A Recent History
Authors: Benedict Helen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Violent crimes have been the meat and potatoes of daily American newspapers since the mid-18oos. It was then that the penny presses first produced their lurid accounts of violence and murder and it was then, in 1833, that the first crime beat was established by a newspaper, the New York Sun. Once the popularity of crime stories was discovered, the press quickly began to prefer violent crimes to all other types ofnews. Until the 1930s, however, sex crimes were written about rel­atively little, with one glaring exception-when they occurred as the supposed reason for a lynching.
The Jogger and the Wolfpack: The 1989-1990 Central Park jogger Case
Authors: Benedict Helen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In April 1g89, the most gruesome of all the 1g8os sex crimes to hit the national headlines occurred in New York’s Central Park: The victim was a white woman in her late twenties, wealthy, well-educated, up-and-coming, an investment banker, and a jogger. The suspects were a gang of black and Hispanic teenage boys roving the park at night looking for trouble. Not since Kitty Genovese had a case hit the conscience of New York so hard.
Introduction
Authors: Neiman Susan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
How should we explain the fact that no full-length study has been devoted to Kant’s conception of reason? Perhaps it is due to the suggestion, furthered by Kant himself, that the subject of his critique of reason is one of magnitude: its guiding question is, How much can reason accomplish? This suggests that Kant accepted a notion of reason that was given by his predecessors while simply being more cautious than they had been in determining its powers. This book will argue, instead, that a fundamental aim of the Critical Philosophy is to reconceive the nature of reason. The basis of Kant’s reconception is his insistence upon the unity of theoretical and practical reason. The route to that conception is the denial that the rational is, or is centrally concerned with, the cognitive.
Philosophical Preliminaries
Authors: Darden Lindley 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book will discuss three types of strategies for theory change: strategies for producing new ideas, strategies for theory assessment, and strategies for anomaly resolution. This briefly discusses some of the previous work relevant to each type of strategy, makes clearer the goals of this analysis, and introduces some of the terminology to be used. The final section of the introduces a diagrammatic representation of stages in theory construction that will be refined as the analysis proceeds.
Tests of Segregation
Authors: Darden Lindley 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This discusses challenges to the Mendelian theoretical components of segregation, also called “purity of the gametes.” That hybrids form germ cells of two types, each pure with respect to one or the other of paired, alternative parental characters, was the central new claim of Mendelism in 1900. Testing the generality of segregation and forming hypotheses to account for exceptions were major activities of Mendelians, especially between 1900 and 1910, but continuing until about 1920.
Summary of Strategies from the Historical Case
Authors: Darden Lindley 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This will summarize the major changes in theoretical components of Mendelism between 1900 and 1926 and the major strategies exemplified in those changes. The theoretical components as of 1900-1903 were discussed in 5 and listed in Table5.2. s 6 to 11 traced changes to those original components. At the end of this , Table 14.1 provides a summary of all the theoretical components as of 1926.
General Strategies for Theory Change
Authors: Darden Lindley 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The strategies discussed in previous s are ones that were exemplified in changes in the theory of the gene and the chromosome theory. The method of analysis in previous s might be called a “data-driven” or “inductive” analysis: strategies have emerged from the case, albeit because I was looking for them there. An alternative method to devise strategies is to consider work by philosophers of science and others who have studied scientific reasoning.
What Is an Author?
Authors: Stillinger Jack 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There has been much discussion, in theoretical writings of the last two decades, of the “disappearance,” “absence,” “removal,” “banishment,” even “death” of the author. Roland Barthes’s famous phrase “la mort de 1’auteur” began life in 1968. Michel Foucault, an author apparently alive enough to look across town and see what Barthes was doing, addressed the Societe francaise de Philosophic in the following year on the “recent absence” of the author, how it came about, and some of the consequences that result when we think, if we can, of literary works as authorless (or, more precisely, as having abstract “author-functions” rather than real-life historical authors).1 Ignoring (and ignorance) of authors had of course become more and more common in practical literary criticism of the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s, as explicators focused on “the text itself” and attempted to disqualify everything extrinsic to the work, including the person (or persons) who created it.
Multiple “Consciousnesses” in Wordsworth’s Prelude
Authors: Stillinger Jack 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Wordsworth could serve as an instance of several kinds of multiple authorship. In the first place, there is his widespread and profound influence on his contemporaries and on subsequent writers. Both Keats and Mill (who are close at hand in preceding chapters) knew Wordsworth personally and were greatly affected by his example and his writings—in subject matter, themes, attitudes, and basic structures of thinking in the case of Keats, and no less than a major change of philosophy in the case of Mill. Keats’s Isabella, to consider only the earliest of the narratives in the 1820 volume, is a Wordsworthian lyrical ballad two decades after its time, complete with deranged heroine, excited narrator, direct address to the reader, balladic refrain, and, for a main interest, depiction of “the primary laws of our nature” (as Wordsworth described his own “principal object” in the preface to Lyrical Ballads) “chiefly, as far as regards the manner in which we associate ideas in a state of excitement.” In his Autobiography Mill credits Wordsworth with restoring his sanity following the momentous “crisis in my mental history” and with awakening him to the importance of feelings, which became (as he says in a passage leading up to an account of his first serious reading of Wordsworth) “one of the cardinal points in my ethical and philosophical creed.”1 It is not farfetched—indeed, with the term “intertextuality” it is becoming theoretically commonplace—to see major influence as a type of collaboration in the works that are affected by it, and examples of such influence are not only abundant all through the history of literature but, according to some theorists, inescapable.
Creative Plagiarism:The Case of Coleridge
Authors: Stillinger Jack 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although nobody can even imagine the first work of literature ever written, it seems safe to say—and, wherever texts exist, it is demonstrable—that every subsequent work to some extent draws on and derives from other works that precede it. This is a solidly established fact of literary history, so much so that scholarly or critical consideration of a work apart from the vast array of underlying sources and influences is virtually impossible. Wordsworth, generally viewed as one of the most original writers in English, cannot properly be understood without knowledge of Milton and a host of earlier and later predecessors, and a similar network of relationships is more or less taken for granted with every other writer worth our attention. All extant works are composites of previously existing materials plus what Wordsworth, attempting to define “genius” in his “Essay, Supplementary to the Preface” (1815), described as “the introduction of a new element into the intellectual universe: or . . . the application of powers to objects on which they had not before been exercised, or the employment of them in such a manner as to produce effects hitherto unknown.”2 As I have already suggested near the beginning of the preceding chapter, when these “previously existing materials” are literary, and especially when they are conspicuously present as a contribution to the intellectual, stylistic, dramatic, or narrative complexity of a work that draws on them, it is not unreasonable, at least in theory, to identify them as components of the authorship of the work.
Pound’s Waste Land
Authors: Stillinger Jack 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the more tantalizing of the unsolvable questions in literary history is the precise nature of the collaboration between Wordsworth and Coleridge—the actual processes of their interaction, the proportionate shares of responsibility—in the celebrated work of the late 1790s that so radically affected the subsequent course of English poetry. The two men met in 1795, were neighbors and constant companions in Somersetshire in 1797 and 1798, and traveled together (in Germany and Scotland) and saw each other (in the Lake District) frequently thereafter. We have an enormous accumulation of contemporary and retrospective biographical detail in letters, journals, notebooks, and records of conversations. Some of that material would seem to speak to their collaboration—Wordsworth’s urgent requests for Coleridge’s help with The Recluse, for example, and a great many statements by both men concerning the composition of The Ancient Mariner.
The Literary Profession
Authors: Longenbach James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“Come, said the world, thy youth is not all play, Upon these hills vast palaces must rise,” begins the octet of one of Stevens’s early sonnets. “No cried my heart, this thing I cannot do,” replies the sestet: “This is my home, this plain and water clear ... And if you steal them from me I shall die.” When this poem appeared in the New York magazine East & West in the spring of r 900, it was Stevens’s first piece published outside the enclosed world of Harvard’s student periodicals.
Populism and Imperialism
Authors: Longenbach James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“In the street-life of the metropolis,” wrote Horatio Alger in Ragged Dick: Or, Street Life in New York, “a boy needs to be on the alert, and have all his wits about him, or he will find himself wholly distanced by his more enterprising competitors for popular favor.” And Stevens on the difficulties thereof: “All New York, as I have seen it, is for sale-and I think the parts I have seen are the parts that make New York what it is. It is dominated by necessity. Every thing has its price-from Vice to Virtue.... Everybody is looking at everybody else-a foolish crowd walking on mirrors.” As this journal entry suggests, Stevens was quickly disillusioned in the city.
The Great War and Post-Romantic Ambition
Authors: Longenbach James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“Well a book of poems is a damned serious affair,” counseled Stevens in a letter William Carlos Williams printed in the prologue to Kora in Hell (1918). Ostensibly responding to Williams’s earlier volume Al Que Quieri!, Stevens really described the tentative progress of his own work: “to fidget with points of view leads always to new beginnings and incessant new beginnings lead to sterility.” Stevens would delay his own book of poems until 1923. And he began the decade of active publishing that led to Harmonium with the same measured consideration with which he settled into a profession.
Surety and Fidelity Claims
Authors: Longenbach James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The election of 1920, said the Republican vice-presidential candidate Calvin Coolidge, marked “the end of a period which has seemed to substitute words for things.” A few years later, after Warren Harding had died and Coolidge assumed the presidency, William Carlos Williams forwarded a postcard from Ezra Pound in Rapallo to Stevens in Hartford. Pound wanted poems, but Stevens was deeply mired in the dailiness of things. “I’m as busy as the proud Mussolini himself,” he told Williams, presumably responding to the plug for Italian politics that accompanied Pound’s request for poetry.
Chromosomal Transmission
Authors: Ostrer Harry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Following linkage and sex-linked transmission, aberrant chromosomal transmission was the next series of mechanisms identified as deviations from Mendel’s rules. The first piece of evidence in humans came in 1955: Lejeune observed an extra chromosome 21 in individuals with Down syndrome, a condition with mental retardation, short stature, and a predisposition to congenital heart dis ease, childhood leukemia, and early onset Alzheimer disease. Lejeune’s observation was rapidly followed by the demonstration of altered chromosomal constitutions in Turner syndrome and Klinefelter syndrome. Turner syndrome, a condition with short stature, webbed neck, dysgenetic gonads, and frequently coarctation of the aorta and kidney malformations is associated with the absence of a second X chromosome (45,X).3 Klinefelter syndrome, a condition of tall stature with small testes and incomplete virilization (“eunuchoid habitus”) is associated with the presence of an extra X chromosome (47, XXY). Subsequently, other abnormalities in chromosomal replication, recombination, and transmission were identified.
Pre-Contact Oral and Pictographic Autobiographical Narratives: Coup Tales, Vision Stories, and Naming Practices
Authors: Wong Hertha Dawn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Of the more than 250 pre-Columbian native languages in what are now the United States and Canada, none was written. Such nonliteracy has been used as one of many rationales for dispossessing Indian people of their land. Indians were “primitive,” European explorers and settlers assumed, since they had no writing and, conveniently, no written record of their ownership of the land. Early contact between Europeans and indigenous peoples, then, was “not so much a communicative ex change” as “a juxtaposition of two opposing world views”“neither of which ever understood the other. ‘‘ Since most Europeans had fabricated ideas of lndian people, defining their “civilized” selves in opposition to the “savage” Other,3 it is not surprising that most Euro-Americans did not perceive indigenous oral traditions or forms of literacy such as narrative wampum belts, quillwork, and pictographs. Oral autobiographical narratives told to family, friends, and community members; pictographic personal narratives painted on animal hides, tipis, and shields; and even narrative names were all means to construct and narrate a personal identity. Because such indigenous oral and pictographic narratives have generally been examined (if at all, in English Departments) from routinely Eurocentric assumptions with which they were never meant to conform, they have been devalued or overlooked.
Contemporary Innovations of Oral Traditions: N. Scott Momaday and Leslie Marmon Silko
Authors: Wong Hertha Dawn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Native American autobiography today is far more politically complex than the oral, pictographic, and dramatic personal narratives of pre contact times. All three roots of the term autobiography-self,life, and writing (language)-are not so easily defined as they were when individuals lived in small tribal units or bands. Today what it means to be Indian is defined in numerous, often contradictory, ways. Whether being Indian depends on genetics (“degree of Indian blood”), culture, residence, community acceptance, tribal enrollment, or spiritual orientation de pends on who is defining whom and for what purposes. Certainly the United States government, wanting quantitative indicators in order to determine program budgets, has a stake in emphasizing genetics and tribal enrollment. All too often, though, the federal government, linking Indian identity to a land base that has been diminished or stolen outright, defines Indian tribes out of legal existence. While some tribes, wishing to protect their share of land settlements or their cultural integrity, stress community acceptance as well as “degree of lndian blood” and enrollment, some individuals insist that being truly Indian is a way of perceiving the world, some ineffable spirituality that preempts genetic determination or community acceptance. My point here is that in pre reservation times it would have been unthinkable to question Indian identity-you were or were not Lakota or Hopi or Cherokee on the bases of tribe, band, clan, and family affiliations. With the breakdown of many native communities, the autobiographical activity of self-construction has become especially important.
Introduction
Authors: Silverstein Brett , Perlick Deborah 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We have been studying depression, disordered eating, and a host of other maladies for over fifteen years and collecting newspaper clippings and scores of books along the way. We thought it fitting to open with a favorite and intriguing quote, whose origin we hope will surprise the reader. In a book published in 1992, the physical and psychological symptoms suffered by one 35-year-old woman were described as follows: ER lost her appetite; when she did eat, she frequently could not keep her food down . . . she was depressed . . . we would call her loss of appetite, which continued for years, “ anorexia” ... [she exhibited] frequent vomiting . . . felt profoundly tired, suffered headaches, and had days when she wondered about her will to live. She also felt very in adequate, and, later in life, according to her daughter, was indifferent toward sex. If the book that contained this description was one of the many written about the epidemics of depression or disordered eating that have afflicted so many women in recent decades, this snippet might not seem unusual. But it is a biography of an eminent woman-and the description deals with symptoms experienced by Eleanor Roosevelt in the second decade of this century. It is surprising because for several generations she came to symbolize the possibilities open to a talented, intelligent, hard-working woman.