bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“South On The Move”
Authors: Tidwell John Edgar , Sanders Mark A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A Southerner Discovers The South by Jonathan Daniels is a new kind of travel book. It is candid photography of a section, which until recently was sentimentalized. Deceptively written to resemble a casual jaunt, the book finally emerges as a composite of the South, too long and foolishly called “solid.” From wide reading and long thinking, Mr. Daniels knew what to look for and what questions to ask. Symbolic incidents and speeches, bits of excellent description, humorous anecdotes, glimpses of tragic events, allusions to well-known books and places, contribute to a portrait that anyone knowing the South in whole or in part must recognize as real. Resembling a personal essay at the outset, A Southerner Discovers The South becomes valuable social commentary. The tone is affectionate, but irony and protest are present. Editor of the Raleigh News and Observer, Mr. Daniels knows how to disarm Southern prejudices. A few sharp cracks at Yankee meddling occur here and there. But the South is taken severely to task; tabooed subjects are brought out in the open as when he mentions Virginia gentlemen “breeding slaves for the Deep South,” or refuses to howl over Reconstruction, likening the Ku Klux Klan to the Brown Shirts of Germany and the Black Shirts of Italy.
Who Was Judas Iscariot?
Authors: Ehrman Bart D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In my courses on the New Testament I teach two different approaches to the early Christian Gospels. One involves looking at these books as pieces of literature, seeing how they portray Jesus. Each of our surviving accounts of Jesus’ life has a distinctive message, unique to the views of its author. Thus Matthew’s view of Jesus is not the same as Mark’s, Mark’s is not the same as John’s, John’s is not the same as Thomas’s or Peter’s or Philip’s, and so on.
Doctrinal Perspectives On The Church In The Modern World
Authors: Benestad J Brian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World (Gaudium et spes) is divided into two parts. Preceded by a preface and a brief introduction, part I primarily lays out doctrinal principles, but not without suggesting pastoral applications. Part II has mainly a pastoral orientation but on the firm ground of doctrinal principles; therefore, it has both contingent and permanent elements. Gaudium et spes is a constitution and stands as one of the four pillars of the council, along with Lumen gentium, Dei verbum, and Sacrosanctum concilium, respectively the Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, the Dogmatic Constitution on Revelation, and the Constitution on the Liturgy, which is also a doctrinal document but without ‘‘dogmatic’’ in the title. Gaudium et spes develops the council’s doctrine on the nature of the Church and must be understood in the light of Lumen gentium and not vice versa. The title of the constitution mentions ‘‘the Church in the world of this time’’ so as not to give the impression that the Church stands over against the world but, like every other institution, is just a presence in the world of today.
The Decree on the Eastern Catholic Churches, Orientalium Ecclesiarum
Authors: Anatolios Khaled 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On first impression, the Decree on the Eastern Catholic Churches seems to offer slight ground for substantiating the claim that the Second Vatican Council intended its pronouncements to be in organic continuity with established ecclesial tradition. To begin with, the very situation that it addresses, the existence of Eastern churches distinguished from their Orthodox counterparts by communion with Rome, is a phenomenon that dates back for the most part only to the sixteenth century. Moreover, the document seems to be largely concerned with matters of church discipline rather than with doctrine integral to the deposit of faith; indeed, the decree legislates certain reversals of policy in these matters of discipline. Nevertheless, this document is best read as a strong statement of the council’s commitment to ressourcement. This is centrally demonstrated by the fact that where the decree institutes changes in discipline with regard to the Eastern Catholic churches, these changes are made for the sake of the restoration of an older tradition. Even more significantly, the document situates the question of the relation of the Roman Church to the Eastern Catholic churches as a question of the Church’s fidelity to tradition, rather than as merely an issue of ecclesial housekeeping. Indeed, the document shows some innovation in casting the matter in this form, but such innovation bespeaks the radicality of the council’s commitment to ressourcement. In this chapter I summarize the document and pay particular attention to the significant changes it introduces.
Sisters And Saints
Authors: Braude Ann 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Women are the backbone of the church, says an old African-American aphorism. Since the 1660s, women have made up the majority of members in almost all American religious groups. They have provided essential financial and social support and worked tirelessly in the background of church-based activities. Throughout American history, women have raised money for churches and synagogues, embroidered altar cloths, taught Sunday school, prepared parish meals, and sung in the choir. They have educated their children in their beliefs and taken them to their places of worship. Yet it is primarily men who have historically occupied the high rungs of church hierarchy and made the important decisions affecting their congregations. Ann Braude examines the central role of women in American religious history, focusing on their efforts to achieve greater recognition and equal rights, their recent admission to religious leadership, and the emergence of feminist theology in the late 20th century. Colonist Margaret Winthrop, African-American preacher Jarena Lee, Christian Science founder Mary Baker Eddy, and Zionist leader Henrietta Szold are among the women discussed in these pages who have made major contributions to the spiritual and material growth of religious organizations in America.
Planting Religious Households
Authors: Braude Ann 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When Margaret Winthrop was pregnant with her fifth child in 1629, her husband, John, left England to lead a party of settlers to a distant and unknown place: North America. Margaret shared her husband’s passion for the new religious movement of Puritanism, so-called because its followers hoped to purify the Church of England of any remnants of Catholicism. As Puritans the couple applauded the Protestant Reformation, which condemned the Catholic Church as mired in worldliness and ritualism. Neither priest nor people understood the meaning of the Latin mass, reformers claimed, and monetary contributions to the church had replaced personal piety. Henry VIII brought England into the Protestant Reformation when he rejected the Pope’s authority in order to divorce Catherine of Aragon. But Puritans believed the Church of England had not moved far enough from the hierarchy and rituals of the Catholic Church.
1800–1900
Authors: Pickover Clifford A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Science will continue to surprise us with what it discovers and creates; then it will astound us by devising new methods to surprise us. At the core of science’s self-modification is technology. New tools enable new structures of knowledge and new ways of discovery. The achievement of science is to know new things; the evolution of science is to know them in new ways. What evolves is less the body of what we know and more the nature of our knowing.
Tooling up for Warranties with the CISG Case Digest
Authors: Lookofsky* Joseph 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I was both pleased and honoured to be invited to the “Business Lawyer” symposium held at the University of Pittsburgh, School of Law on November 5, 2005, especially to present a paper on the UNCITRAL Case Digest1 as a “contract drafting tool” in relation to Article 35 and related “warranty provisions” of the Vienna Sales Convention. These CISG provisions, which set the standards for the seller’s obligation to deliver conforming goods, are obviously of great importance for commercial practitioners worldwide.
The Bee-messenger
Authors: Hawley John Stratton 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ūdho, go to Braj as quickly as you can. Sound out your message of Vedic revelation and quench the fire that inflames those lovelorn girls. Passion is its blaze, their bodies are the wick, and their sighs apart from me, the wind that fans the flames. Only the water that their eyes supply keeps them from turning to ash. Up until today, somehow, in this way they’ve kept their bodies in health, But even so, without some reassurance how can women patiently endure? Listen, what more is there I can say? You’re my trusted friend, and an expert. Give the matter careful thought, says Sūr: how can fish survive without the sea? What’s this uncanny resemblance? Take a long, hard look, my friend, at the one who’s coming from Mathura: The crown and the earrings are just the same, so are his lovely yellow clothes, And so is the way he talks to his charioteer, gesturing to show the way to Braj. How long has it been since Hari left? It seems the world’s four eons have passed.
The Convergence of Theoretical and Practical Concerns in a Single Verse of the Guhyasamāja Tantra
Authors: Bentor Yael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the most well-known verses of the Guhyasamāja Tantra—a verse incorporated into many practices of the Guhyasamāja—is found in its second chapter, the chapter on the “mind directed at enlightenment” (bodhi-citta, byang chub sems). Here the Tathāgata, whose name is “Vajra-Body, Vajra-Speech and Vajra-Mind of All Tathāgatas,” dwelt in absorption,and uttered the following verse.
Encounter with a Dream:Bhutanese Pilgrims in Tibet—Performing a Ritual?
Authors: pommaret françoise 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In recent years Katia Buffetrille, Toni Huber, and Alex McKay,among other scholars, have made breakthrough contributions to the field of Tibetan pilgrimage studies. This chapter does not pretend to be a thorough study of pilgrimage, comparable to the work of these colleagues. Its scope is rather more modest. In 2007, I had the good fortune to go for a week on a pilgrimage to Tibet with Bhutanese friends. Bhutanese pilgrimage has never been documented. This chapter is therefore meant as a contribution to the corpus of data on pilgrimage in the Tibetan and Himalayan world by adding some observations concerning the Bhutanese case, and how it might be considered a form of ritual.First, I briefly place Bhutanese pilgrimage to Tibet in the context of religious history and geography. Then I propose to interpret the pilgrimage as a form of ritual, and present some salient features based on the fieldtrip to support my point.
Politics
Authors: Newlyn Lucy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It has been customary to simplify what the Romantics saw as the political meaning of Paradise Lost: first, by overemphasizing the heroic values identified in Satan (most famously by Blake); secondly, by equating these too specifically with the republicanism championed m Milton’s political pamphlets (then later espoused by the young Wordsworth and Colendge); and thirdly, by applying a blanket conception of Romanticism to a range of different writers,, whose political complexions were not only distinct but were themselves coloured by changing circumstances.
The Commedia
Authors: Nuttall A D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This, the greatest of all in medias res openings, precipitates the reader or listener into the action without any kind of preliminary courtesy. The first verb of the first sentence of the Commedia is in the narrative past tense and proves indeed to be the start of the major story. Together with the suddenness and the bewilderment there is, we soon learn, a definiteness, located squarely in historical time. The date is Easter, I 300. The poet pilgrim is half-way through his life at the point at which the visio begins. The allotted span is three-score years and ten and Dante was born in 1265 (somewhat unusually for a medieval man, he seems to have known this, clearly and distinctly).
Highgate
Authors: White Norman 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For two years Hopkins went to a small private school in Hampstead, and then in September 1854 started at Sir Roger Cholmeley’s School at Highgate. At ten years old he was small for his age and delicatelooking, his head large in proportion to his trunk and shoulders. Photographs of him in the junior school show his mouth hanging open, eyes hooded, with the top lids heavy and half-closed. He had a long cleft chin, a long and low nose, and a well-shaped upper lip. His hair was dark brown to ginger, with golden lights and streaks, and tinges of red; it tended to fall wild and long on either side. His eyebrows were already permanently raised, with an appearance of sardonic superiority. Victorian photographic conditions produced solemn portraits, and unfortunately none survives which suggests Hopkins’s humour or levity.
An Irish Row
Authors: White Norman 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Since the first week in December 1883 Hopkins had been keeping a secret from his family and friends. He knew he would probably have to leave Stonyhurst for Ireland. On 7 March 1884, he wrote to Bridges on notepaper headed ‘University College, 85 & 86, Stephens Green, Dublin’: ‘Remark the above address: it is a new departure or a new arrival and at all events a new abode. I dare say you know nothing of it, but the fact is that, though unworthy of and unfit for the post, I have been elected Fellow of the Royal University of Ireland in the department of classics.’ He added: ‘There was an Irish row over my election.’ Hopkins had been thrust as a pawn into a controversy of far-reaching importance to Ireland.
Fiction and Friction
Authors: Greenblatt Stephen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In September 1580, as he passed through a small French town on his way to Switzerland and Italy, Montaigne was told an unusual story that he duly recorded in his travel journal. It seems that seven or eight girls from a place called Chaumont-en-Bassigni plotted together “to dress up as males and thus continue their life in the world.”1 One of them set up as a weaver, “a well-disposed young man who made friends with everybody,” and moved to a village called Montier-en-Der. There the weaver fell in love with a woman, courted her, and married. The couple lived together for four or five months, to the wife’s satisfaction, “so they say.” But then, Montaigne reports, the transvestite was recognized by someone from Chaumont; “the matter was brought to justice, and she was condemned to be hanged, which she said she would rather undergo than return to a girl’s status; and she was hanged for using illicit devices to supply her defect in sex.” The execution, Montaigne was told, had taken place only a few days before.
Drab and Transitional Prose
Authors: Lewis C S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
With few exceptions the prose which we were considering two chapters ago was ‘applied’ prose, such as never owed too much and often owed too little to conscious artistry. Of such plain writing some awaits us in the present chapter, but we shall also have to deal with picked prose and even with adorned prose—Kunstprosa as the Germans call it. In order to be fair to the latter we must put considerable constraint upon ourselves. Nothing in literature is so ‘desperately mortal’ as a stylish prose. On the other hand, the prose of men who are intent upon their matter and write only to be understood tends, not quite fairly, to gain from the passage of time. Its content, even when mediocre in itself, acquires historical interest; its most commonplace terms of expression grow pleasantly archaic; proverbs and idioms which were part of the common speech seem to the inexperienced reader to be proofs of individual genius; even characteristic faults are at worst refreshingly unlike the faults of our own prose. To all these general causes of misjudgement there must be added in our age a strong bias in favour of strictly functional beauty and a quite unusual distrust of rhetoric. Decoration, externally laid on and inorganic, is now hardly tolerated except in the human face. We must therefore throughout this chapter endeavour, not indeed to exchange our own prejudices for those of the sixteenth century, but to bring ourselves a little nearer to the ideal middle point. We must practice some deliberate indulgence to the adorned prose, and be strictly critical when we read the plain. For not all plain prose is good. Such efforts as ink-horn terms or euphuism may have been misdirected, even barbarous, but those who made them were not wrong in their belief that our prose needed to be heightened and coloured and ‘strongly trussed up’.
Verse In The ‘Golden’ Period
Authors: Lewis C S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I Have named the ‘Golden’ Age from those of its productions which seem to us, looking back, the most characteristic; but of course much work of a different kind was being produced. There is poetry, like Warner’s and much of Drayton’s, which simply lags behind and remains Drab. There is poetry like Donne’s which anticipates and indeed inaugurates the Meta physical period. There is also poetry like South well’s which is sometimes Drab and sometimes Metaphysical, but never Golden: the poet, as it were, ignores the Golden Age and tunnels straight through from the Drab to the seventeenth century. Both these kinds I reserve for my Epilogue. There is poetry like Chapman’s which is partly Golden and partly Metaphysical: Shakespeare’s ripest work, which falls outside our province, belongs to this class. Finally, there is satiric work which neither lags behind the Golden movement through mere incompetence like Warner, nor departs from it in obedience to a revolutionary impulse like Donne, but eschews it for reasons of decorum,just as Spenser generally eschews it in Mother Hubberd’s Tale, because satire ought not to be mellifluous. I will deal first with the poets who simply lag behind the Golden Age: the belated, or vestigial, poetry.
Keats, the Critics, and the Public
Authors: Leader Zachary 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Though determined to be ‘among the English Poets’, a great and lasting writer worthy of ‘the Temple of Fame’ or ‘the laurel wreath on high suspended’,’ John Keats also needed immediate recognition, to be ‘successful and respected’ as well as great! In early 1818, soon after the publication of his first collection, Poems (1817), Keats determined to ‘overwhelm’ himself in poetry (‘Sleep and Poetry’, 1. 96);i hence in part the attraction of epic. ‘In Endymion’, he writes to Hessey, ‘I leaped headlong into the sea,’ a total immersion which was also ‘a test, a trial of my Powers of Imagination’.
The ultra-radical press: philosophes and populists, 1819-21
Authors: Mccalman Iain 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To turn from the pungent oratory of Hopkins Street chapel to the literature that came from the same quarter in r8r9 is on the whole a disappointing experience. For though many London ultra-radical tracts and periodicals emerged in the heat of the Petcrloo crisis, their rhetoric often fails to bite. Time and again their analyses seem overburdened by an abstract and theoretical freethought derived mainly from the European Enlightenment.
Mrs Oliphant: Fiction to Herself’
Authors: Jay Elisabeth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As an expatriate Scots woman, Mrs Margaret Oliphant (1828-97) started her prolific and accomplished writing career at three removes from the centre of Victorian literary life. Widowed early, and left with not only her own children, but two brothers, a nephew and two nieces to support, she became keenly aware of the discrepancy between society's assumptions about woman's role and her own position as a female breadwinner in the male-dominated world of nineteenth-century publishing. Out of the contrast between her wryly ironic view of life and the conventions of Victorian fiction came the disconcerting questioning of accepted ideologies of the family, religious orthodoxy and a woman's place in society that characterizes her writing. Mrs Oliphant: A Fiction to Herself paints an often surprising picture of the professional Victorian woman writer. By choosing to interweave the life and the work of Mrs Oliphant, Elisabeth Jay's lucid and comprehensive study raises for consideration the way in which a particular woman writer perceived her own life, and the wider question of whether women writers have been well-served by the mythological structures of male biography. 'Elisabeth Jay has drawn upon Oliphant's wide-ranging writing in numerous modes, to give a comprehensive and often surprising portrait of the professional Victorian woman writer. This study of Oliphant's career as a professional Victorian writer, of her critical and intellectual interests, and the extraordinary way in which she managed fiction and journalism over her career, will cast a new light on the period. Elaine Showalter, Professor of English, Princeton Univesity
The Importance Of Defences: Selection And Examination Of Sites
Authors: McNicoll A W , Milner N P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Plato ‘s Laws 778d-779a the Athenian argues that city walls will in stil in soldiers cowardice in the field, and should therefore form no part of the ideal city. Contrast Aristotle. Dealing with practical reality, he claims that walls are in his day more than ever necessary in view of the recent improvement in siegecraft. Aristotle was, of course, thinking of the city-state as an independent entity, an ideal which in general both before and after Alexander did not obtain in Asia Minor or Syro-Palestine, for all that the city-states wished it and rulers proclaimed it.2 Not only was the Polis generally not free, but, as Ehrenberg put it, it was ‘a part alien to the essence of the Hellenistic State, and not connected with it organically ‘. Yet the cities of Asia Minor and Syro-Palestine, lying in the power of the Hellenistic kings, were vital to that power. As loyal allies or unwilling subjects the cities provided social organizations geared to exploit and administer land and other resources on which the rulers depended for revenues, and without which they could not survive. To be exploited the cities had to be held; to be held they had to be fortified and garrisoned.
Prehistoric Greek Roof Tiles
Authors: Winter Nancy A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The existence of terracotta roof tiles in prehistoric Greece has been the subject of some controversy. Pieces which resemble Archaic Corinthian pan tiles and Laconian cover tiles, or, more closely, their counterparts in Italy and Asia Minor, have been found in clear prehistoric contexts, but generally in circumstances of supposed secondary use, such as in graves or drains, rather than associated with architecture. In addition, the known examples are relatively few, suggesting that the practice was never common, if roofing with tiles can be proved to have existed at all. Lack of uniformity in size, even among pieces from the same site, has been cited as a factor which would preclude their use on a roof, demanding an excessive amount of overlapping, and making them awkward to lay and to cover. Generally, flat tiles could be laid like fish-scales, while curved tiles could be used by themselves to function as both pan and cover, laying them alternately concave and convex, or as convex cover tiles protecting the joints between two flat pan tiles with upturned side borders.