bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bayesian inference for genetic parameter estimation on growth traits for Nelore cattle in Brazil, using the Gibbs sampler
Authors: Magnabosco C. De U. , Lôbo R.b , Famula T. R. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThis data set consisted of over 29 245 field records from 24 herds of registered Nelore cattle born between 1980 and 1993, with calves sires by 657 sires and 12 151 dams. The records were collected in south‐eastern and midwestern Brazil and animals were raised on pasture in a tropical climate. Three growth traits were included in these analyses: 205‐ (W205), 365‐ (W365) and 550‐day (W550) weight. The linear model included fixed effects for contemporary groups (herd‐year‐season‐sex) and age of dam at calving. The model also included random effects for direct genetic, maternal genetic and maternal permanent environmental (MPE) contributions to observations. The analyses were conducted using single‐trait and multiple‐trait animal models. Variance and covariance components were estimated by restricted maximum likelihood (REML) using a derivative‐free algorithm (DFREML) for multiple traits (MTDFREML). Bayesian inference was obtained by a multiple trait Gibbs sampling algorithm (GS) for (co)variance component inference in animal models (MTGSAM). Three different sets of prior distributions for the (co)variance components were used: flat, symmetric, and sharp. The shape parameters (ν) were 0, 5 and 9, respectively. The results suggested that the shape of the prior distributions did not affect the estimates of (co)variance components. From the REML analyses, for all traits, direct heritabilities obtained from single trait analyses were smaller than those obtained from bivariate analyses and by the GS method. Estimates of genetic correlations between direct and maternal effects obtained using REML were positive but very low, indicating that genetic selection programs should consider both components jointly. GS produced similar but slightly higher estimates of genetic parameters than REML, however, the greater robustness of GS makes it the method of choice for many applications.
Genetic variability of three Italian cattle breeds determined by parameters based on probabilities of gene origin
Authors: Pérez Torrecillas C. , Bozzi R. , Negrini R. , Filippini F. , Giorgetti A. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryIn this study, we have investigated the genetic variability of three Italian cattle breeds, autochthonous of the Tuscany region (Chianina, Maremmana and Mucca Pisana), using the parameters based on probabilities of gene origin: f e, f a and N g. Compared with Chianina (N g=53.9) and Maremmana (N g=79.6), Mucca Pisana was found to be the genetically smaller (N g=10.1) and less diverse population. The genetic variability in Chianina population was lower than in Maremmana probably because of bottlenecks in its pedigree and genetic drift. However, the values found in these breeds were higher than those found in dairy cattle breeds, but lower than those found in beef cattle breeds.
Molecular analysis of the length polymorphic MUC1 gene in cattle
Authors: Rasero R. , Sacchi P. , Rosati S. , Cauvin E. , Maione S. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryA study was undertaken to sequence the overall repetitive region of the bovine MUC1 gene, to elucidate its structure in terms of number of repetitions, and to examine its relationship to the polymorphic epithelial mucin expressed on the milk fat globule membrane. A polymerase chain reaction protocol was developed to detect MUC1 polymorphism. Four different alleles were found in samples from Italian Friesian and Piedmontese cattle breeds. The alleles ranged from 778 bp to nearly 1600 bp, and size differences between alleles were due to variable numbers of 60 bp imperfect repeats. MUC1 gene polymorphism was closely related to milk fat globule mucin variation. Moreover, on the basis of the complete gene sequence, it was possible to predict an overall core protein that may be a highly O‐glycosylated molecule, in accordance with the size of the milk fat globule mucin fractions.
Early growth performance of Bos taurus x Bos indicus cattle crosses in Ethiopia: Evaluation of different crossbreeding models
Authors: Demeke S. , Neser F. W. C. , Schoeman S. J. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryFive genetic models were evaluated for goodness‐of‐fit and estimation of crossbreeding parameters using 41 genotypes produced from crossing three Bos taurus (Friesian, Jersey and Simmental) with three Bos indicus (Boran, Barca and Horro) breeds. The traits used for testing of the models were birth weight, weaning weight, pre‐weaning‐average daily gain and yearling weight. These models were: (1) Dominance model, (2) Dickerson's model (recombination loss) (3) Additive × dominance interaction model, (4) Dominance × dominance interaction model and (5) Kinghorn's model (x). Models 2–5 are epistatic models that included all effects in model one plus one type of epistatic interaction based on a two‐locus gene model. All five models tested, provided high levels of fit, with adjusted R2 values averaging 93% over traits. All the epistatic models fit the data significantly (p < 0.05) better than the dominance model for all the traits. Among the epistatic models, Dickerson's model (M2) gave significantly (p < 0.05) higher R2 values compared with the other epistatic models. Crossbreeding parameters estimated from this model have relatively lower sampling correlations and correspondingly lower standard errors. This model could, therefore, be considered the most appropriate model for parameter estimation and prediction‐of performance of untested genotypes for future breeding decision for breeds involved in this study.
The effect of stress conditions on exocrine pancreatic secretion in growing pigs
Authors: Botermans J. A. M. , Svendsen J. , Weström B. R. , Pierzynowski S. G. 
Published: March 2003

Introduction  Competition and aggression in pigs is known to reduce daily weight gain (DWG) (R
undGREN and L&
ouml;
fqvist 1989; H
yun et al. 1998; L
und et al. 1998), and to impair feed conversion ratio (W
alker 1991; L
und et al. 1998). The exact biological mechanisms behind these effects are not fully understood. Aggression and competition activate a cascade of reactions of biological relevance, such as inhibition of the parasympathetic nervous system, stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system, including the adrenal medulla (A
xelrod et al. 1970; D
alin et al. 1993a, 1993b), and activation of the hypothalamo‐hypophyseal‐adrenal (HHA) axis resulting in higher adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and higher cortisol concentrations in the plasma (D
alin et al. 1993b; O
lsson and S
vendsen 1997). These responses as well as muscular activity increase metabolic losses (S
chrama et al. 1993).Hyper‐physiological treatment with glucocorticoids stimulates pancreatic amylase activities in piglets (B aintner and N
emeth 1982; C
happle et al. 1989a, 1989b, 1989c), but no observations in growing pigs have been published. Inhibition of the parasympathetic nervous system (C
hey et al. 1979) and stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system (C
hey 1991) reduce exocrine pancreatic secretion. So, there might be some conflicting physiological responses of the exocrine pancreas to stress conditions. In order to increase our understanding of the animal’s physiological responses to conditions of stress, we tested the hypothesis that conditions associated with stress (mixing with unfamiliar pigs, frustration and ACTH treatment) reduce exocrine pancreatic secretion. In addition, we tested the effect of treatment with Amperozide (a neurolepticum which reduces aggression and the effects of stress in pigs) on exocrine pancreatic secretion.
Distribution et échantillonnage des populations de Amblyseius manihoti Moraes (Acari, Phytoseiidae) sur manioc au Brésil
Authors: Bonato O. , Da S. Noronha A. C. , De Moraes G. 
Published: March 2003

Distribution of Amblyseius manihoti (Acari, Phytoseiidae) on manioc and development of sampling planSampling plans were developed for Amblyseius manihoti, a predator of the cassava green mite Mononychellus progresivus Doreste (Acari, Tetranychidae). Analysis of intra‐plant distribution showed a more stable and constant distribution of A. manihoti on the leaves 9–12 (numbering starting from the first fully developed leaf), hence leaves belonging to this stratum were chosen as the sampling unit. Within this unit, A. manihoti displayed aggregated distributions between plants. The proposed binomial and the enumerative sampling procedures permitted reliable estimates of A. manihoti densities. For population monitoring, 100 sample units per field were sufficient to provide satisfactory estimates of densities.
Impact of competition from wheat and below‐ground herbivory on growth and reproduction of scentless chamomile, Tripleurospermum perforatum (Mérat) Laínz
Authors: Hinz H. L. , Schroeder D. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract: This study investigated the effect of competition from wheat and below ground herbivory on the growth and reproduction of scentless chamomile, Tripleurospermum perforatum (Mérat) Laínz (Asteraceae), a target plant for classical biological control. Field cages, in which scentless chamomile was planted, were established in 1994 near Neuenburg (Rhine Valley, Germany), and two weevil species, Diplapion confluens Kirby and Coryssomerus capucinus (Beck), were released alone (40 adults each) or together in a substitutive design (20 adults each). Wheat was sown alone or in combination with both herbivores as an additional stress factor. To test the cage effect on plant growth, an uncaged control was set up. At the end of the experiment, caged control plants were about 20 cm (18%) higher, and allocated more biomass to shoots and less to roots and seeds than uncaged plants. Competition from wheat reduced the number of shoots per T. perforatum plant from 7.6 to 3.2. As a consequence, the biomass of scentless chamomile plants that competed with wheat was reduced by 39% and reproductive output by 49%, compared with plants that were grown without competition. At the end of the experiment, 70–80% of T. perforatum plants had been attacked by an average of two to three D. confluens and 60–70% of plants by one to two C. capucinus. At these densities that were lower than expected, the two herbivores alone or in combination had no significant effect on any of the plant parameters measured. However, in the presence of wheat, herbivory further reduced the number of shoots per plant. We conclude that control of scentless chamomile using insect biocontrol agents will be more likely to be successful if agent densities are high, and agents are released in habitats where scentless chamomile is competing with other plant species.
Pathogenic Variability in Mycosphaerella brassicicola, the Causal Agent of the Ringspot Disease of Crucifers
Authors: Silué D. , Launay V. , Tirilly Y. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTwenty monoascosporic isolates of Mycosphaerella brassicicola from diverse origins were inoculated to 13 different accessions of cauliflower. No hypersensitive response was noticed and the isolates exhibited variable pathogenicity. Three isolates from cauliflower were isolated from the same lesion and had variable pathogenicity. This result suggests that different infection units e.g. ascospores contribute to the development of a single lesion. Furthermore, this finding also indicates that one should work with monoascosporic isolates. Pathogenicity results of this study showed that European isolates from cabbages had reduced pathogenicity compared to French cauliflower ones. Variable levels of pathogenicity were found in French cauliflower isolates. This group had also the most aggressive isolates. Our results suggest that Brittany may be a diversification area for the pathogen. In fact, the climate is mild and humid and crucifers (e.g. cauliflower and broccoli) are continuously grown over the year in this region. Pathotypes found in other growing areas may have moved from Brittany. All these findings supported by other studies suggest that resistance sources available in other countries may not be effective in Brittany. Consequently, screening for resistance sources should be done with cauliflower isolates from Brittany. No accession tested was susceptible or resistant to all isolates tested.
Interactions between Foliar Pathogens and the Saprophytic Microflora of the Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Phylloplane
Authors: PERELLÓ A. , SIMÓN M. R. , ARAMBARRI A. M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractHyphal interference between 10 saprophytic micro‐organisms isolated from wheat phylloplane against four target pathogens (Septoria tritici, Alternaria triticimaculans, Bipolaris sorokiniana and Drechslera tritici‐repentis) were studied microscopically. Antagonism was measured as the ability of the saprophytic micro‐organisms to induce morphological changes of hyphae and spores of the pathogens and to reduce conidial germination. Typical reactions included formation of chlamydospores, encircled hyphae, plasmolysis, vacuolation and granulation of hyphae. Ungerminated malformed conidia, lysis, and the formation of inflated germ tubes on germinating conidia were also observed. Paecilomyces lilacinus and Bacillus sp. possessed the greatest capacity for interference. Fusarium moniliforme var. anthophilum, Epicoccum nigrum and Chaetomium globosum were next in order of the range and severity of interference. Spore germination of S. tritici was significantly reduced in the presence of P. lilacinus, F. moniliforme var. anthophilum, E. nigrum, Bacillus sp., Cryptococcus sp. and Nigrospora sphaerica, with levels of inhibition of up to 69%. Paecilomyces lilacinus, Cryptococcus sp., F. moniliforme var. anthophilum and N. sphaerica caused a reduction of spore germination of 47–60% with the greatest effect being against B. sorokiniana. Chaetomium globosum, P. lilacinus, Rhodotorula rubra and Bacillus sp. significantly reduced spore germination of A. triticimaculans. E. nigrum, F. moniliforme var anthophilum, Stemphylium sp., P. lilacinus and Bacillus sp. caused the greatest reduction in D. tritici‐repentis. Greenhouse experiments on pathogen–antagonist interactions on the wheat phylloplane showed the potential value of some of the antagonists for controlling the pathogens. If parasitism occurs in nature, the native micro‐organisms might be useful for biological control by competing with the pathogens and so regulating their colonization of wheat leaves.
Detection of Heterobasidion annosum s. l. [(Fr.) Bref.] in Norway Spruce by Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Bahnweg G. , Möller E. M. , Anegg S. , Langebartels C. , Wienhaus O. , Sandermann H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractInternal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of the rDNA repeat unit of Heterobasidion annosum were used to design specific primers for the detection and quantification of this important forest pathogen by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Specificity of detection was cross‐checked against a variety of other fungi (saprophytes, root pathogens, mycorrhizal fungi) which may occur in the same environment. As little as 1 pg fungal DNA (equiv. to 10–40 genomes) could be detected in 200 ng spruce root DNA (from 1 mg fresh spruce root). The Heterobasidion‐specific primers allowed simultaneous detection of Armillaria spp. in multiplex PCR. The method was successfully applied to increment cores of Norway spruce from the forest region Tharandter Wald (Saxonia, Germany), Oberbärenburg (East Ore Mountains, Saxonia) and Oberschleissheim (north of Munich, Bavaria).
Characterization and Differentiation of Irish Erwinia amylovora Isolates
Authors: Brennan J. M. , Doohan F. M. , Egan D. , Scanlan H. , Hayes D. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBetween 1986 and 1998, isolates of Erwinia amylovora were obtained from rosaceous plant species throughout Ireland. Sixty five of these isolates have been compared with 10 E. amylovora isolates from Bulgaria, the Czech Republic and Greece, seven other Erwinia isolates and one Pseudomonas isolate (83 isolates in total). Their identity was confirmed by the pear test and by chromosome and plasmid‐specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was used to study the genetic variability of the 65 Irish isolates. Six random primers (CUGEA 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6) were used for random amplified RAPD analysis; the degree of amplification differed with the primers, but all produced at least 13 (CUGEA 1) and at most 27 (CUGEA 5) different RAPD profiles. Phylogenetic analysis of the RAPD profiles showed that 44 of the 65 Irish isolates showed genetic homogenicity (s≥0.92), but the remaining 21 isolates were more genetically diverse than the other Irish isolates and the foreign E. amylovora isolates. There was no significant relationship between the genetic variability of the Irish E. amylovora isolates (based on RAPD analysis) and the host species, year of isolation or their geographical origin.
Ultrastructure of Necrotic Lesions in Nicotiana glutinosa Leaves Locally Infected with a Variant of Cucumber mosaic virus
Authors: Ishihara T. , Takahashi H. , Hase S. , Sato T. , Ikegami M. , Ehara Y. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractCMV(Y/GM2)tr is a variant of Cucumber mosaic virus strain Y [CMV(Y)] which infects Nicotiana species, including N. glutinosa, to induce necrotic local lesions (NLLs) in inoculated leaves, although all other CMV strains including CMV(Y) systemically infect Nicotiana species. To investigate the morphological features of this unique host response in N. glutinosa leaves infected with CMV(Y/GM2)tr, the ultrastructure of cells surrounding completely collapsed NLLs in virus‐inoculated N. glutinosa leaves was compared with that of normal cells of mock‐inoculated N. glutinosa leaves. The changes, which have been reported in other several virus–host plant systems showing the hypersensitive response (HR), were frequently observed in cells surrounding the NLLs. Furthermore, clumping of the nuclear matrix within the nuclei, which is a feature of programmed cell death, also occurred in these cells. These results indicated that the HR‐like host response occurred at the fine structural level in the cells of N. glutinosa plants infected with CMV(Y/GM2)tr.
RAPD Analysis of Colletotrichum Species Isolated from Strawberry and the Design of Specific Primers for the Identification of C. fragariae
Authors: Martinez‐Culebras P. V. , Barrio E. , Suarez‐Fernandez M. B. , Garcia‐Lopez M. D. , Querol A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractStrains of Colletotrichum species isolated from diseased strawberry plants from different countries were studied by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Grouping and variability shown by RAPD supported the results of previous molecular studies made of Colletotrichum species. The variability was larger with C. acutatum, in which 15 different RAPD patterns were observed. Cluster analysis (UPGMA) was used to divide the C. acutatum strains into two major groups that correlated with other molecular markers previously used. Strains belonging to the first group showed a high level of similarity despite their diverse geographical origins, which probably correspond to a clonal population that resulted from a rapid and wide expansion of the strawberry trade. On the contrary, strains belonging to the second group showed a high level of genetic diversity that could indicate that they belong to lineages of older origins and/or to sexual reproducing lines. Within C. fragariae and C. gloeosporioides, two morphologically indistinguishable species, less genetic variability was observed, but both species were differentiated by RAPD patterns. A C. fragariae associated RAPD band was cloned, sequenced and used to design specific primers for this species. A PCR product of 580 bp was obtained only when DNA from C. fragariae strains was used, and this is proposed as a method for quickly and easily identifying C. fragariae strains.
Effects of Subarachnoid Xylazine and Medetomidine on Haemodynamics and ECG in Goats
Authors: Kinjavdekar P. , Singh G. R. , Amarpal . , Pawde A. M. , Aithal H. P. 
Published: March 2003

The effects of subarachnoid administration of the α2‐agonists xylazine and medetomidine on haemodynamic parameters in six adult goats were evaluated. Xylazine (0.05 mg/kg body wt) or medetomidine (0.01 mg/kg body wt) was administrated in the lumbosacral subarachnoid space. Mean arterial blood pressure and central venous pressure and electrocardiograms were monitored up to 120 min post‐injection.Xylazine and medetomidine produced significant and comparable decreases in mean arterial blood pressure in the post‐injection period. However, mean central venous pressure increased during this period. The ECG changes produced by these drugs were bradycardia and increased PR and QT intervals. The study suggested that both α2‐agonists depress haemodynamic parameters and produce comparable effects after subarachnoid administration.
A Spontaneous Uterine Sarcoma in a Rhesus Monkey (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: PLESKER R. , COULIBALY C. , HETZEL U. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryIn primates, little has been reported about malignant mesenchymal uterine tumours. A case of a spontaneous metastasising uterine sarcoma in a 17‐year‐old rhesus monkey is presented. Clinically, transient abdominal pain, spasms, nausea, anaemia, a firm uterus and bloody vaginal discharge were noted. In a diagnostic laparoscopy, both massive adhesions in the lesser pelvis and 10 ml of ascites fluid were detected. In necropsy, in addition to peritonitis with massive adhesions, a cauliflower‐shaped, irregular, tough, greyish‐white uterine tumour was seen. Two cherry‐sized tumour metastases were noticed in the greater omentum. In histology, both in the uterus and the metastases, a sarcoma with a low amount of connective tissue and well‐differentiated cell nuclei was identified.
Classification of Abomasal Displacement in Cows According to Histopathology of the Liver and Clinical Chemistry
Authors: Komatsu Y. , Itoh N. , Taniyama H. , Kitazawa T. , Yokota H. , Koiwa M. , Ohtsuka H. , Terasaki N. , Maeno K. , Mizoguchi M. , Takeuchi Y. , Tanigawa M. , Nakamura T. , Watanabe H. , Matsuguchi Y. , Kukino T. , Honma A. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryHistopathological features of livers and blood chemical values in cows with abomasal displacement were investigated. Liver biopsy samples were collected during redressment operations in 92 cows with abomasal displacement, and the samples were stained with haematoxylin and eosin or periodic acid Schiff (PAS). Blood was collected for chemical tests. Livers were histopathologically divided into the following four types: normal histology cases (21%), fatty degeneration cases (36%), cloudy swelling cases (19%) and fatty degeneration cases with cloudy swelling (24%). The number of PAS‐positive samples was significantly higher in the normal histology group and significantly lower in the severe fatty degeneration group and severe cloudy swelling group. Cows with fatty degeneration had significantly higher levels of serum 3‐hydroxybutyric acid, non‐esterified fatty acid and aspartate aminotransferase than did those with cloudy swelling or normal histology. The results indicate that the morbid conditions of cows with abomasal displacement can be classified into four types.