bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ar cluster bombardment of phenylalanine deposited on graphene—Effect of kinetic energy and projectile size
Authors: Louerdi Soukaina , Hrabar Sviatoslav , Mouhib Taoufiq , Kański Michał , Postawa Zbigniew 
Published: November 2023

This study investigates the effects of kinetic energy and projectile size on particle emission from a phenylalanine overlayer adsorbed on a graphene bilayer during argon projectile bombardment. Projectiles of various sizes (1–1000 atoms) and kinetic energies (0.5–40 keV) are used to study their impact on the ejection efficiency, mass distribution, and kinetic and angular spectra of the emitted substances. Particle ejection mechanisms are discussed in scenarios with and without sample perforation. Additionally, this study investigated the potential use of graphene in secondary ion mass spectrometry or neutral secondary mass spectrometry analyses.
Comparative photocatalytic study of visible light driven BiVO4, Cu2O, and Cu2O/BiVO4 nanocomposite for degradation of antibiotic for wastewater treatment
Authors: Liaqat Maira , Iqbal Tahir , Ashfaq Zain , Afsheen Sumera , Mahmood Khan Rana Rashad , Sayed M. A. , Ali Atif Mossad 
Published: November 2023

Semiconductor-based photocatalysts have become increasingly used in the removal of pollutants from wastewater, especially antibiotics. A series of composite-based cuprous oxide and bismuth vanadate (Cu2O/BiVO4) composite-based photocatalysts were synthesized by using the chemical method. The structure of the Cu2O/BiVO4 composite was verified by using x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, photoluminescence, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and UV–visible spectra. The degradation of methylene blue (MB) and tetracycline (TC) was investigated to check the photocatalytic activity of the Cu2O/BiVO4 composite series. The quantity of Cu2O was varied from 1% to 7% by weight to prepare the series of Cu2O/BiVO4 composites. The analysis of results verified that 5% Cu2O/BiVO4 exhibits an outstanding photocatalytic activity as compared to 1%, 3%, and 7% Cu2O/BiVO4, pure Cu2O, and pure BiVO4 under visible light irradiation. The optimum value of photocatalytic degradation achieved with 5% Cu2O/BiVO4 was 97% for MB dye and 95% for TC in 120 min, which is greater than the photocatalytic degradation of pure BiVO4 (MB 45% and TC 72%), pure Cu2O (MB 57% and TC 80%), 1% Cu2O/BiVO4 (MB 72% and TC 85%), 3% Cu2O/BiVO4 (MB 83% and TC 88%), and 7% Cu2O/BiVO4 (MB 87% and TC 91%). The stability and reusability of Cu2O/BiVO4 were also investigated. To check the major role of trapping in degradation, a trapping experiment was also performed by using three trapping agents: BQ, EDTA, and tBuOH. The results showed that Cu2O/BiVO4 exhibits an improved photocatalytic activity in the degradation of antibiotics in polluted water because the recombination rate of the electron–hole pair decreased and the surface area increased, which increased the active sites for redox reactions. Such a photocatalytic composite with high efficiency has various applications, such as energy production, environmental remediation, and water remediation.
Design of the water-cooling structure for the 100 kA DC mechanical switch in the CRAFT quench protection system
Authors: Hu Xingguang , Li Zhenhan , Li Hua , Li Hang , Gao Xiang , Li JianGang 
Published: November 2023

The DC mechanical switch is connected in series with the superconducting magnet in the quench protection system. As the main switch that carries the magnet current for a long time, the temperature of its conductive unit, especially the contact part, inevitably increases significantly during operation. It is necessary to design a water-cooled structure to control the temperature rise. This article introduces the structural design of the conductive unit of the DC mechanical switch for the Comprehensive Research Facility for Fusion Technology quench protection system and uses a combination of theoretical calculation, thermal-electrical coupling simulation, and Fluent simulation to analyze the thermal stability characteristics at a current level of 100 kA. By comparing and studying the temperature rise characteristics of switches under different cooling paths, diameters of water-cooling pipe, and water flow rates, a design basis is provided for determining a 15 mm diameter “∏” shaped cooling water path structure for the mechanical switch. The DC mechanical switch water-cooled structure designed in this article is expected to effectively control the temperature rise level of the contact.
The Road Not Traveled: Bovine Tuberculosis in England, Wales, and Michigan, USA
Authors: O’Brien Daniel J. , Kao Rowland R. , Little Ruth A. , Enticott Gareth , Riley Shawn J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One Health as a concept now enjoys broad and enthusiastic support. However, One Health as a potential strategy for disease management has struggled with the many varying interpretations of what the concept means in practice. This ambiguity obfuscates what the practical goals of One Health are in a disease management context. Opportunities exist to examine how the practical management of well-studied, multihost zoonotic diseases under different locales and governance systems may shed light on what the concept of One Health looks like in application. The case studies of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in Michigan, USA and in the United Kingdom provide such an opportunity. To date, management of bTB in the US and UK has had mixed success. Elimination of the disease is hampered by the conflicting interests and priorities of stakeholders, disease managers, and policy makers. This polarization poses a fundamental challenge to the One Health approach.
In this retrospective, we reflect on how a One Health approach adopted prior to the onset of bTB in both countries might (or might not) have changed the course of the outbreaks and subsequent effectiveness of management. While recognizing the positive potential of One Health, we also point out where evolution will be necessary to turn concepts into effective practice. We discuss how the effectiveness of One Health generally, and management of bTB specifically, is limited by lack of knowledge from the social sciences and the application of these insights in the governance of a One Health approach.

Information
© The Authors 2023
Mountain Biking Tourism Impacts in Rural Michigan
Authors: Lee Hunter , Perry Elizabeth 
Published: November 2023

Summary
Mountain biking and mountain biking tourism are on the rise. With this increase comes the potential for increased impacts, especially in rural communities promoting their mountain biking trail systems. We present the case of two such trails in Michigan, USA – The Dragon Trail and the DTE Energy Foundation Trail – to exemplify how trail and community managers discuss two areas of tourism impacts and their intersections: economics and equity. Major highlights include economic phrasings of immediate direct impacts and more diffuse community impacts; specifically, equity considerations of barriers to access and representation and safety, and their intersection when discussing local as well as tourist use of these trails. This case serves as insight for communities considering developing mountain biking tourism amenities and identities, as well as how the discussion on impacts may vary across contexts.

Information
© The Authors 2023
Support for decision-making in checking the level of quality of student research works based on automated text analysis (Asistencia para la toma de decisiones en la evaluación de la calidad de las investigaciones de los estudiantes basada en el análisis automático de textos)
Authors: Tarkhova Lyaylya , Tarkhov Sergey , Akhmetyanov Ilshat , Ibragimov Radik , Minasova Natalia 
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this study is to increase the efficiency of the analysis process and the objectivity of decision-making on the final assessment, showing the quality of student research works based on the use of an automated text analysis software product. The total number of evaluated research papers was more than 300 (average age of students: 21.6; SD = 34). During the experiment, the effectiveness of the software product Multifunctional Text Analyser (MTA) was tested on the specified sample. The text of the analysed research works can be assessed as qualitative if the complex indicator of the text fragments congruence of the work exceeds 70%. The current article can be used as a methodological and theoretical basis for implementing the principles of academic virtue in institutions of higher education.
Wide-angle beam scanning from binary amplitude-modulated conformal meta-surface dense array with precise beam granularity
Authors: Kan Yao , Yang Rui , Wang Yan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We propose a binary amplitude-modulated conformal meta-surface with every meta-element capable of functioning as the leaky wave passage or the null radiating spot through dynamically tuning the PIN diodes over the meta-elements with ON or OFF states. In particular, the staggered arrangement of the meta-elements forms a dense radiating array with 0.1 wavelength periodicity and every radiating patch consists of dual hourglass shaped slots stacked over the coupled feed of substrate integrated waveguide slits. Such a design, on the basis of binary amplitude-modulated conformal meta-surface frames, can achieve wide-angle steerable fan-beam scanning, while possessing the precise beam direction with less than one tenth of the 3 dB beamwidth. Thus, this should pave the way for building up more advanced contemporary conformal wireless communication systems over different platforms.
Facilitating the strength-ductility balance in Ni3Al via Fe co-substitution at two sites
Authors: Zhu Xinghua , Liu Xiangyu , Feng Qingguo , Chen Bowen , Wang Ning , Xiao Lei , Xu Yi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this work, the effect of Fe substitution on the stability and deformation mechanism of Ni3Al was studied using first principles calculations. The results show that Fe is more likely to occupy the Ni site in terms of energy at low substitution concentrations, but occupying the Al site is more favorable for the stability of the system. The results also show that FeNi substitution brings ductility to the intermetallics while FeAl substitution ensures strength. In addition, the results for the generalized stacking fault energies at high substitution concentrations are different from those at low concentrations because of the change in the matrix. Therefore, dual-site substitution of Fe in appropriate proportions can help Ni3Al overcome the strength-ductility trade-off. This work provides useful knowledge for better design and utilization of Ni3Al-based multicomponent intermetallics.
Detecting student performance gaps in high school physics courses
Authors: Wu Harry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This research utilises data from Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) to uncover disparities in the performance of US high school students in specific physics topics. Although TIMSS provides an overview of physics performance, it lacks specific information on individual topic areas. To address this gap, I develop a unique index to evaluate student performance across seven topic areas and three cognitive domains. My analysis reveals that US students struggle the most in magnetism and electromagnetic induction. However, students are able to apply what they learn in this area to solve problems. Additionally, students perform better on multiple-choice questions than on critical responses, and reasoning skills are consistently weak across all topic areas. I also explore contextual variables that may account for the low performance in electric and magnetism topic area.
Misconception about upthrust and floatation caused by Grade-XII physics textbooks in Nepal
Authors: Yadav Manoj K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The concepts imparted by textbooks leave lasting impressions in the minds of students. If the explanation in a textbook is vague and flawed, many students fall victim of the concerned textbook. This article brings one such issue of misleading explanations found in Grade XII level physics textbooks in Nepal. The issue is about the conditions of floatation of a body based on upthrust and weight of the body. The ambiguous explanations coupled with negligence in illustrations mislead the students to believe that a body floating on the surface of a liquid experiences more upthrust than its own weight. A survey carried out involving 252 students of class XII clearly showed that the students are getting misled by the explanations presented in the textbooks considered for the survey. The article first presents the details of the misleading explanations in the textbooks and then tries to clarify the misleading aspects.
Spatiotemporal analysis of the runaway distribution function based on green function and regularization method
Authors: Dong Sheng , Zhou RuiJie , Zhang YongKuan , Mai ChaoWei , Zhong GuoQiang , Lin ShiYao , Hu LiQun 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Runaway electrons (REs) in experimental advanced superconducting tokamak (EAST) typically have an energy level of tens of MeV. Synchrotron radiation images of REs contain a wealth of information, making it crucial to handle this data properly to uncover hidden features. We observed distinct synchrotron radiation images emitted by the REs at different time points throughout the discharges and the focus of our study was an Ohmic discharge characterized by an evident synchrotron pattern and weaker background radiation. This paper aims to verify the feasibility of utilizing the green function and regularization method to obtain the distribution function information of synchrotron radiation images on EAST. We reconstruct the radial density profile of the REs beam by assuming the monoenergetic nature of REs at different time points. We employ the Tikhonov regularization method for this purpose. The results indicate that the radial density profile of the REs beam follows a roughly Gaussian distribution. Moreover, the peak density of the REs beam shifts inward to the magnetic axis as time progresses, a behavior also observed in the experimental image. However, a good fit between the simulated and experimental images is not achieved for all time points. This discrepancy is likely due to the intervention of

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2

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1

magnetic islands and the increased complexity of the distribution function in both radial and momentum spaces.
Particle simulations of ion-extraction process from a decaying plasma assisted by radio-frequency plasma heating
Authors: Sun Jing-Yu , Chen Xing , Zhao Kai , Yuan Cheng , Lu Xiao-Yong , Gao Fei , Wang You-Nian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this study, two-dimensional kinetic particle simulations were employed to examine the potential of radio-frequency (rf) plasma heating in enhancing ion extraction efficiency in a decaying plasma with the configuration of parallel plates. The numerical results suggest that the application of rf power based on the direct current electrostatic method leads to a remarkable increase in the ion extraction flux, thereby reducing the time required for ion extraction. The increase in the ion extraction flux is attributed to the enhancement of the penetration ability of the rf electric field into the plasma, especially in cases of high rf frequencies, which can elevate the bulk electron temperature to approach 10 eV. The propagation speed of ion rarefaction waves is enhanced by the increased electron temperature, speeding up the process of ion extraction. The study also found that an increase in rf voltage causes more intense plasma oscillations to screen out the rf disturbance, further increasing the electron temperature. Furthermore, as ion extraction continues, the heating effect of rf frequencies was found to be enhanced due to the decay of plasma density.
A quantum image encryption method for dual chaotic systems based on quantum logistic mapping
Authors: Dong Yumin , Yin Chenhao , Xu Chen , Yan Rui 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On the basis of using quantum NEQR (novel enhanced quantum representation of digital image) to display images, a dual chaos system based on quantum logistic mapping is proposed to encrypt quantum images to ensure the security of quantum image transmission. The encryption algorithm is based on quantum logistic mapping and Chen chaos system to generate chaotic sequences, and uses quantum rotation gate operations to rotate and transform each pixel of the quantum image to achieve the effect of image encryption. Traditional quantum image encryption usually uses classical randomly generated sequences to construct the encryption angle of the quantum rotating door. This method combines the randomness of measured quantum with the chaotic system to obtain a truly random sequence. Using this random sequence can better Keep images confidential. Experimental results show that this method has high security and sensitivity to keys. In the sensitivity analysis of the results of the simulation experiment, its NPCR (Number of Pixels Change Rate) values floated around 99.60%. In the field of image encryption, the reliability of image encryption is greatly enhanced.
Perturbations of cosmological redshift drift
Authors: Bessa Pedro , Durrer Ruth , Stock Dennis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this paper we calculate the linear perturbations of the cosmological redshift drift. We show explicitly that our expressions are gauge-invariant and compute the power spectrum of the redshift drift perturbations and its correlations with galaxy number counts within linear perturbation theory. Our findings show that the perturbations are small, and that the peculiar velocity and acceleration terms are dominating and cannot be neglected when modeling the full perturbative expression for the redshift drift. We also find that the cross-correlations with galaxy number count fluctuations might increase the detectability of the effect and can help to separate the perturbative effects from the background cosmological redshift drift signal.
Quantum Ising chain with time-averaged work in linear response theory
Authors: Nazé Pierre 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For systems performing a weakly isothermal process, the decorrelation time dictates how fast the relaxation function decorrelates. However, like many other thermally isolated systems, the transverse-field quantum Ising chain presents an ill-defined decorrelation time. On the other hand, the Kibble–Zurek mechanism uses a heuristic relaxation time to achieve its famous scaling. The problem however of having a well-defined decorrelation time, derived from first principles, agreeing with the Kibble–Zurek mechanism is still open. Such a solution is proposed here by measuring the work using the time-averaged relaxation function of the system, which offers a new and well-defined decorrelation time for thermally isolated systems. I recover with this the Kibble–Zurek mechanism in the finite-time and weak driving regime, and new features in the slowly-varying one. The gain in control over the system in such distinction is desirable for potential applications.
Flow of asymmetric elongated particles
Authors: Nagy Viktor , Fan Bo , Somfai Ellák , Stannarius Ralf , Börzsönyi Tamás 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Shear induced orientational ordering of asymmetric elongated particles is investigated experimentally. Corn grains and pegs with one end sharpened are studied using x-ray computed tomography during quasistatic shearing and silo discharge. We show that asymmetries can be detected in the orientational distributions of the particles, which are related to the modulated rotation of the particles during shear flow. Namely, when the particles rotate in a plane that is not horizontal, they spend more time with the sharper (lighter) end pointing up, which can be explained using energetic arguments. We quantify the resulting asymmetry of the orientational distribution in a split bottom Couette cell and in a silo discharge process.
Aerodynamic performance of flapping wing with alula under different kinematics of complex flapping motion
Authors: Bao Han , Song Bifeng , Ma Dongfu , Xue Dong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The flight of birds is a remarkable feat, and their remarkable ability to fly derives from complex multi-degree-of-freedom flapping motions and small-scale feather structures that have evolved over millions of years. One of these feather structures is the alula, which can enhance the birds’ flight performance at low speeds and large angles of attack. Previous studies on the alula have focused on the steady state. This undoubtedly ignores the unsteady effect caused by complex flapping motion, which is also the most important characteristic of avian flight. Therefore, this paper carries out a study on the effect of different motion modes and motion parameters on the aerodynamic mechanism of the alula. Previous studies found the dominate effect in the lift enhancement is influenced by Reynolds number, stall condition and geometric parameters. After coupling complex flapping motion, aerodynamic characteristics of the flapping wing are greatly influenced by different motion patterns and parameters. For pure plunge motion, both the slot effect and the vortex generator effect of the alula dominate the lift enhancement; while for plunge-twist and plunge-sweep motion, the vortex generator dominates more. At a low plunge amplitude, a low twist amplitude and a low sweep amplitude, the deflection of the alula has a good lift enhancement compared with the baseline wing. Increasing these amplitudes attenuates both the slot effect and the vortex generator effect. The alula can enhance the lift by 10.4% at the plunge amplitude of 25 deg (for pure plunge motion), by 7.9% at the plunge amplitude of 25 deg and twist amplitude of 10 deg (for plunge-twist motion), by 3.3% at the plunge amplitude of 25 deg and sweep amplitude of 15 deg (for plunge-sweep motion). Meanwhile, at a large sweep phase angle, the alula has a better lift enhancement. Increasing the phase angle enhances the vortex generator effect of the alula, and it has an optimal lift enhancement effect of 11% at the phase angle of 180 deg.