bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The climatology of cold‐air damming in the Kanto Plain, Japan
Authors: Sengoku Kazumasa , Takahashi Hideo , Fujibe Fumiaki , Takahashi Hiroshi G. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe climatological characteristics of cold‐air damming (CAD) were statistically investigated on the Kanto Plain throughout the year. We detected 397 CAD events from 1991 to 2020 using hourly surface observation data from the Japan Meteorological Agency. The statistical analyses revealed the following characteristics: (1) CAD is most frequent in autumn followed by spring; (2) strong CAD is more frequent in the cold season than in the warm season; (3) The long‐term trend in CAD frequency is not obvious; (4) 53% of the events finish in 12 h or less, and 17% of them continue for 24 h or more. CAD with precipitation tended to be stronger than that without precipitation, and the latter was more frequent in the nighttime than in the daytime, indicating the contribution of diabatic processes to the development of CAD. Analysis of synoptic fields in CAD cases using long‐term reanalysis data revealed six patterns that differed in the intensity and position of surface highs and lows, corresponding to the typical seasonal sea level pressure fields.
Vitamin B12 deficiency in older people: a practical approach to recognition and management
Authors: Mouchaileh Nadia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractVitamin B12 deficiency is common in older people and is linked to anaemia, cognitive decline, and dementia. Clinical presentation is variable, ranging from no symptoms or subtle, non‐specific symptoms, through to serious, irreversible neurological symptoms if left untreated. Although common, it is often under‐recognised, with diagnosis usually occurring on incidental blood test screening. Older people are at increased risk of vitamin B12 deficiency due to insufficient dietary intake, malabsorption associated with aged‐related changes in gastrointestinal function, higher incidence of pernicious anaemia, and chronic use of interfering medications such as metformin and proton‐pump inhibitors. Early detection and treatment in symptomatic deficiency are crucial to prevent irreversible damage. Vitamin B12 intramuscular injection bypasses potential absorption issues and is traditionally the first‐line treatment in older people. However, emerging evidence suggests that high‐dose oral replacement may be as effective. Older people often require lifelong therapy due to the irreversible nature of the underlying cause of deficiency. This review provides an overview of vitamin B12 deficiency and its management in older people.
Unique clinical and prognostic behavior of patients diagnosed with combined exophytic and inverted papilloma histologic subtype
Authors: Fischer Jakob L. , Riley Charles A. , Kacker Ashutosh 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the clinical and prognostic behaviors of sinonasal papillomas.MethodsPatients diagnosed with sinonasal papilloma were reviewed between 2001 and 2016 at a tertiary rhinology practice. Using pathology‐specific electronic medical record software, patients diagnosed with sinonasal papilloma were identified. Four subcategories of this lesion were identified: inverting (IP), exophytic (EP) oncocytic (OP) and inverting + exophytic (IP + EP) papillomas.ResultsA total of 107 patients were identified with unique sinonasal papilloma diagnoses. Of these, the majority were diagnosed with IP (87, 81.3%). The subpopulation of patients co‐diagnosed with IP and EP (IP + EP) was unique with respect to clinical presentation and prognosis relative to both the IP and EP alone populations. IP + EP patients (5, 4.7%) were older with an average age of 75.25 years compared to 45 (EP) and 55.26 (IP), p < .0001. IP + EP patients more often presented with epistaxis (60%) compared to 33.3% (EP) and 4.6% (IP). Finally, all IP + EP patients had at least one recurrence of their disease, compared to 33.3% (EP) and 28.5% (IP).ConclusionsEach histopathologic subtype of sinonasal papilloma has unique clinical characteristics and recurrence rates after surgical resection. The subpopulation of patients diagnosed with IP + EP tends to be older, more likely to present with epistaxis, and more likely to recur. Additional investigation and analysis of this subpopulation is warranted.Level of Evidence4.
Predicting Disability in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Using Bedside Frontal‐Lobe Signs
Authors: Ruiz‐Barrio Iñigo , Horta‐Barba Andrea , Aracil‐Bolaños Ignacio , Martinez‐Horta Saül , Kulisevsky Jaime , Pagonabarraga Javier 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundFrontal lobe signs in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) are prevalent and occur early in the disease. Although they are recognized in clinical practice, studies are needed to systematically investigate them for an in‐depth understanding of the neurological substrate and their potential prognostic implications in the disease.ObjectivesTo study the predictive role of frontal lobe signs in PSP, as well as to describe their neuropsychological and anatomical correlations.MethodsNine recognized signs of frontal lobe dysfunction were assessed in 61 patients with PSP. Those signs able to predict PSP Rating Scale (PSPRS) score at baseline were selected, a survival analysis was performed and associations with neuropsychological tests and cortical thickness parameters in brain MRI were studied.ResultsGrasping, anosognosia and orobuccal apraxia predicted the PSPRS score independently of age, gender, clinical subtype and disease duration. The occurrence of groping in the first 4 years could be a predictor of survival. Grasping and anosognosia were associated with frontal cognitive dysfunction, whereas orobuccal apraxia and groping were related to a more widespread cognitive impairment, involving temporal–parietal areas. Presence of groping showed an extensive cortical atrophy, with predominant prefrontal, temporal and superior parietal cortical thinning.ConclusionsGrasping, groping, anosognosia and orobuccal apraxia are easily evaluable bedside clinical signs that reflect distinct stages of disease progression. Grasping, anosognosia and orobuccal apraxia predict disease disability in patients with PSP, and early onset groping could be a survival predictor.
Twenty years of nmrshiftdb2: A case study of an open database for analytical chemistry
Authors: Kuhn Stefan , Kolshorn Heinz , Steinbeck Christoph , Schlörer Nils 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn October 2003, 20 years ago, the open‐source and open‐content database NMRshiftDB was announced. Since then, the database, renamed as nmrshiftdb2 later, has been continuously available and is one of the longer‐running projects in the field of open data in chemistry. After 20 years, we evaluate the success of the project and present lessons learnt for similar projects.
Generalizing reduction‐based algebraic multigrid
Authors: Zaman Tareq , Nytko Nicolas , Taghibakhshi Ali , MacLachlan Scott , Olson Luke , West Matthew 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAlgebraic multigrid (AMG) methods are often robust and effective solvers for solving the large and sparse linear systems that arise from discretized PDEs and other problems, relying on heuristic graph algorithms to achieve their performance. Reduction‐based AMG (AMGr) algorithms attempt to formalize these heuristics by providing two‐level convergence bounds that depend concretely on properties of the partitioning of the given matrix into its fine‐ and coarse‐grid degrees of freedom. MacLachlan and Saad (SISC 2007) proved that the AMGr method yields provably robust two‐level convergence for symmetric and positive‐definite matrices that are diagonally dominant, with a convergence factor bounded as a function of a coarsening parameter. However, when applying AMGr algorithms to matrices that are not diagonally dominant, not only do the convergence factor bounds not hold, but measured performance is notably degraded. Here, we present modifications to the classical AMGr algorithm that improve its performance on matrices that are not diagonally dominant, making use of strength of connection, sparse approximate inverse (SPAI) techniques, and interpolation truncation and rescaling, to improve robustness while maintaining control of the algorithmic costs. We present numerical results demonstrating the robustness of this approach for both classical isotropic diffusion problems and for non‐diagonally dominant systems coming from anisotropic diffusion.
Social adjustment in children diagnosed with sickle cell disease: A retrospective study
Authors: Zwicker Hailey M. , Fay‐McClymont Taryn B. , Hou Sharon H. J. , Cho Sara , McDonald Kaelyn , Guilcher Gregory M. T. , Yeates Keith O. , Brooks Brian L. , Schulte Fiona S. M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundChildren with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at risk for physical, psychological, and social adjustment challenges. This study sought to investigate social adjustment and related factors in children living with SCD.MethodsData from 32 children (50% male, mean age = 10.32 years, SD = 3.27) were retrospectively collected from a neuropsychology clinic at a tertiary care pediatric hospital. Social adjustment was measured using the Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC‐3) parent‐proxy, withdrawal subscale, and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) Generic Module Social Functioning self‐ and parent‐proxy subscales. Other measures captured executive functioning (i.e., Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, Second Edition (BRIEF‐2) Parent Form) and non‐disease‐related associations with social adjustment, including number of years in Canada and family functioning (i.e., PedsQL Family Impact Module).ResultsSixteen percent of patients reported elevated social adjustment difficulties. Multiple linear regression found better family functioning [B = .48, t = 2.65, p = .016], and higher executive functioning [B = −.43, t = −2.39, p = .028] were related to higher scores on the PedsQL parent‐proxy ratings of social adjustment [F(4,18) = 5.88, p = .003]. Male sex [B = .54, t = 3.08, p = .005], and having lived more years in Canada [B = .55, t = 2.81, p = .009], were related to higher PedsQL self‐reported social adjustment [F(4,23) = 3.75, p = .017]. The model examining the BASC‐3 withdrawal subscale was not statistically significant [F(4,16) = 1.63, p = .22].ImplicationsSocial adjustment in children diagnosed with SCD warrants future research to understand the influence of executive function, and non‐disease‐related factors, particularly focusing on sociocultural factors.
α‐Tomatine gradient across artificial roots recreates the recruitment of tomato root‐associated Sphingobium
Authors: Takamatsu Kyoko , Toyofuku Miwako , Okutani Fuki , Yamazaki Shinichi , Nakayasu Masaru , Aoki Yuichi , Kobayashi Masaru , Ifuku Kentaro , Yazaki Kazufumi , Sugiyama Akifumi 
Published: December 2023

Abstractα‐Tomatine is a major saponin that accumulates in tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum). We previously reported that α‐tomatine secreted from tomato roots modulates root‐associated bacterial communities, particularly by enriching the abundance of Sphingobium belonging to the family Sphingomonadaceae. To further characterize the α‐tomatine‐mediated interactions between tomato plants and soil bacterial microbiota, we first cultivated tomato plants in pots containing different microbial inoculants originating from three field soils. Four bacterial genera, namely, Sphingobium, Bradyrhizobium, Cupriavidus, and Rhizobacter, were found to be commonly enriched in tomato root‐associated bacterial communities. We constructed a pseudo‐rhizosphere system using a mullite ceramic tube as an artificial root to investigate the influence of α‐tomatine in modifying bacterial communities. The addition of α‐tomatine from the artificial root resulted in the formation of a concentration gradient of α‐tomatine that mimicked the tomato rhizosphere, and distinctive bacterial communities were observed in the soil close to the artificial root. Sphingobium was enriched according to the α‐tomatine concentration gradient, whereas Bradyrhizobium, Cupriavidus, and Rhizobacter were not enriched in α‐tomatine‐treated soil. The tomato root‐associated bacterial communities were similar to the soil bacterial communities in the vicinity of artificial root‐secreting exudates; however, hierarchical cluster analysis revealed a distinction between root‐associated and pseudo‐rhizosphere bacterial communities. These results suggest that the pseudo‐rhizosphere device at least partially creates a rhizosphere environment in which α‐tomatine enhances the abundance of Sphingobium in the vicinity of the root. Enrichment of Sphingobium in the tomato rhizosphere was also apparent in publicly available microbiota data, further supporting the tight association between tomato roots and Sphingobium mediated by α‐tomatine.
Balancing quality with quantity: A case study of UK bread wheat
Authors: Fradgley Nick S. , Gardner Keith A. , Kerton Matt , Swarbreck Stéphanie M. , Bentley Alison R. 
Published: December 2023

Societal Impact StatementIncreasing crop productivity is often proposed as a key goal for meeting the food security demands of a growing global population. However, achieving high crop yields alone without meeting end‐use quality requirements is counter to this objective and can lead to negative environmental and sustainability issues. High yielding feed wheat crops in the United Kingdom are a typical example of this. The historical context of UK agricultural industrialisation, developments in plant breeding and wheat end‐use processing are examined. We then outline how employing innovations in plant breeding methods offer the potential to redress the balance between wheat quantity and quality.SummaryBread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has historically been an important crop for many human civilisations. Today, variability in wheat supply and trade has a large influence on global economies and food security. The United Kingdom is an example of an industrialised country that achieves high wheat yields through intensive cropping systems and a favourable climate. However, only a minority of the wheat grain produced is of suitable end‐use quality for modern bread baking methods and most wheat produced is fed to livestock. A large agricultural land area and input use dedicated to producing grain for animal rather than human food has wide‐ranging negative impacts for environmental sustainability and domestic food production. Here we present an historical perspective of agricultural and economic changes that have resulted in UK production primarily focussing on wheat quantity over quality. Agricultural intensification, liberalisation of free trade in agricultural commodities, innovations in the milling and baking sector, developments in scientific understanding of genetics and plant breeding, and geopolitical changes have all played a role. We propose that wheat breeding plays a crucial role in influencing these issues and although wheat breeders in the United Kingdom have historically applied the most‐up‐to‐date scientific advances, recent advances in genomics tools and quantitative genetics present a unique opportunity for breeders to redress the balance between quantity and quality.
Adaptation of an arthropod predator to a challenging environment is associated with a loss of a genome‐wide plastic transcriptional response
Authors: Bajda Sabina A , Wybouw Nicky , Nguyễn Việt Hà , De Clercq Patrick , Van Leeuwen Thomas 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDStructural and chemical plant defence traits may reduce the efficacy of biological control agents in integrated pest management. Breeding programmes have shown arthropod predators’ potential to acclimate to challenging host plants. However, whether and how these predators adapt to novel plant environments remain unclear. Using the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis – herbivorous mite Tetranychus urticae system in an experimental evolution setup, we studied the adaptation mechanisms to tomato and cucumber, plants that possess a distinct repertoire of defensive traits.RESULTSExperimental evolution experiments on whole plants revealed that allowing P. persimilis to adapt to tomatoes led to an ~100% larger population size. Independent feeding assays showed that tomato‐ and cucumber‐adapted prey reduced predator fecundity. The deleterious effect of ingesting low‐quality prey persisted after adaptation of the predator to both cucumber and tomato. We demonstrated that jasmonic acid (JA)‐dependent defences reduce prey quality by evaluating predator performance on prey fed on JA defence‐deficient tomato plants. Transcriptomic profiling of the replicated P. persimilis lines showed that long‐term propagation on tomato and cucumber plants produces distinctive gene‐expression levels. Predator adaptation to tomatoes results in the loss of a large transcriptional response, in which predicted cuticle‐building rather than detoxification pathways are affected.CONCLUSIONWe showed that the adaptation of predatory arthropods to a novel, challenging plant does not necessarily occur via the prey, but rather through the physical environment of the plant. We provided first insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
International clinical practice guideline on the use of traditional Chinese medicine for ulcerative colitis by Board of Specialty Committee of Digestive System Disease of World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies (2023)
Authors: Zhang Shengsheng , Zhao Luqing , Shen Hong , Tang Zhipeng , Qin Danping , Li Junxiang , Zhang Beiping , Yang Guanhu , Chen Minhu , Wu Kaichun , Liu Zhanju , Yang Hong , Wang Huahong , Zong Ye , Chen Yaolong , Xiao Shuyuan , Cai Qiang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUlcerative colitis (UC), a chronic and nonspecific inflammatory disease of the intestine, has become a prevalent global health concern. This guideline aims to equip clinicians and caregivers with effective strategies for the treatment and management of adult UC patients using traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The guideline systematically evaluated contemporary evidence through the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation framework. Additionally, it incorporated insights from ancient Chinese medical sources, employing the evidence grading method found in traditional TCM literature. The development process involved collaboration with multidisciplinary experts and included input from patients with UC. The guideline, based on a comprehensive review of available evidence, present 40 recommendations. They offer a condensed overview of TCM's role in understanding the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of UC, along with an assessment of the efficacy of various TCM‐based treatments. TCM exhibits promising outcomes in the treatment of UC. However, to establish its efficacy conclusively, further high‐quality clinical studies on TCM for UC are essential.
A spatial registration method based on 2D–3D registration for an augmented reality spinal surgery navigation system
Authors: Zhang Jingqi , Yang Zhiyong , Jiang Shan , Zhou Zeyang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn order to provide accurate and reliable image guidance for augmented reality (AR) spinal surgery navigation, a spatial registration method has been proposed.MethodsIn the AR spinal surgery navigation system, grayscale‐based 2D/3D registration technology has been used to register preoperative computed tomography images with intraoperative X‐ray images to complete the spatial registration, and then the fusion of virtual image and real spine has been realised.ResultsIn the image registration experiment, the success rate of spine model registration was 90%. In the spinal model verification experiment, the surface registration error of the spinal model ranged from 0.361 to 0.612 mm, and the total average surface registration error was 0.501 mm.ConclusionThe spatial registration method based on 2D/3D registration technology can be used in AR spinal surgery navigation systems and is highly accurate and minimally invasive.
Highly Ionic Conductive, Stretchable, and Tough Ionogel for Flexible Solid‐State Supercapacitor
Authors: Wang Ying , Wei Zhengxuan , Ji Tongtai , Bai Ruobing , Zhu Hongli 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe increasing demand for wearable electronics calls for advanced energy storage solutions that integrate high electrochemical performances and mechanical robustness. Ionogel is a promising candidate due to its stretchability combined with high ionic conductivity. However, simultaneously optimizing both the electrochemical and mechanical performance of ionogels remains a challenge. This paper reports a tough and highly ion‐conductive ionogel through ion impregnation and solvent exchange. The fabricated ionogel consists of double interpenetrating networks of long polymer chains that provide high stretchability. The polymer chains are crosslinked by hydrogen bonds that induce large energy dissipation for enhanced toughness. The resultant ionogel possesses mechanical stretchability of 26, tensile strength of 1.34 MPa, and fracture toughness of 4175 J m−2. Meanwhile, due to the high ion concentrations and ion mobility in the gel, a high ionic conductivity of 3.18 S m−1 at room temperature is achieved. A supercapacitor of this ionogel sandwiched with porous fiber electrodes provides remarkable areal capacitance (615 mF cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2), energy density (341.7 µWh cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2), and power density (20 mW cm−2 at 10 mA cm−2), offering significant advantages in applications where high efficiency, compact size, and rapid energy delivery are crucial, such as flexible and wearable electronics.
Single‐Atom Mn Catalysts via Integration with Mn Sub Nano‐Clusters Synergistically Enhance Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Li Yayin , Li Zihan , Shi Kefan , Luo Lanke , Jiang Haomin , He Yu , Zhao Yuelin , He Jiayue , Lin Liu , Sun Zemin , Sun Genban 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntegrating single atoms and clusters into one system represents a novel strategy for achieving the desired catalytic performance. In comparison to single‐atom catalysts, catalysts combining single atoms and clusters harness the advantages of both, thus displaying greater potential. Nevertheless, constructing single‐atom‐cluster systems remains challenging, and the fundamental mechanism for enhancing catalytic activity remains elusive. In this study, a directly confined preparation of a 3D hollow sea urchin‐like carbon structure (MnSA/MnAC‐SSCNR) is developed. Mn single atoms synergistically interact with Mn clusters, optimizing and reducing energy barriers in the reaction pathway, thus enhancing reaction kinetics. Consequently, in contrast to Mn single‐atom catalysts (MnSA‐SSCNR), MnSA/MnAC‐SSCNR exhibits significantly improved oxygen reduction activity, with a half‐wave potential (E1/2) of 0.90 V in 0.1 m KOH, surpassing that of MnSA‐SSCNR and Pt/C. This work demonstrates a strategy of remote synergy between heterogeneous single atoms and clusters, which not only contributes to electrocatalytic reactions but also holds potential for reactions involving more complex products.