bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time irreversibility and EGARCH effects in US stock index returns
Authors: Chen Yi‐Ting , Kuan Chung‐Ming 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this paper we suggest using a modified version of the time reversibility (TR) test of Chen, Chou and Kuan (2000) as a complementary diagnostic test for time series models. The modified CCK test is easy to compute and requires weaker moment conditions than existing tests. Our simulations demonstrate that this test is powerful against asymmetry in volatility but the BDS test is not. In the empirical study of US stock index returns, we first find that these returns are all time irreversible. Applying the GARCH and EGARCH models to these returns, we also find that theQand BDS tests always accept the null hypothesis and cannot distinguish between these models. By contrast, the modified CCK test accepts only the EGARCH model with an order that can accommodate the underlying asymmetry in volatility. Our results suggest that the detected time irreversibility in these return series may be attributed to volatility asymmetry and that such asymmetry may be captured using a proper EGARCH model. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Financial volatility: an introduction
Authors: Franses Philip Hans , McAleer Michael 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIt is now 20 years since the publication of Engle's (1982) seminal paper, which introduced ARCH to the world. The ARCH paper had an enormous influence on both theoretical and applied econometrics, and was influential in the establishment of the discipline of Financial Econometrics. In this paper we provide an introduction to the special issue on modelling and forecasting financial volatility, which commemorates the Twentieth Anniversary of the publication of ARCH. Financial econometrics has become a mature discipline over the last two decades, and one of its major research objects is the modelling and forecasting of volatility. This special issue presents ten papers, all of which focus on volatility and risk. The papers examine issues such as the new frontiers of volatility, the selection of models for observed and unobserved volatility, the potential long‐memory property of volatility, and the measurement of volatility. The commonality of papers is that they do not examine the extant literature, which has been reviewed elsewhere, but rather outline a number of important issues that are not only of current interest, but are likely to remain so for many years to come. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does gestational sac volume predict the outcome of missed miscarriage managed expectantly?
Authors: Acharya Ganesh , Morgan Heulwen 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate whether gestational sac volume (GSV) can predict the outcome of missed miscarriages that are managed expectantly.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study. Between February 1, 2000, and January 31, 2001, all patients with a confirmed first‐trimester missed miscarriage who chose to undergo expectant management were recruited to participate. A single investigator performed all sonographic examinations and measurements. The main outcome measure was a complete spontaneous abortion within 4 weeks of the initial diagnosis. A complete miscarriage was defined as a maximum anteroposterior diameter of the endometrium of less than 15 mm on transvaginal sonography and no persistent heavy vaginal bleeding. The patients could opt to undergo surgery at any time, but those who had not expelled the products of conception within 4 weeks of the diagnosis were advised to have surgical uterine evacuation.ResultsIn total, 90 patients were enrolled, and 86 patients completed the study. The mean GSV, as measured by 3‐dimensional sonography, was 9.7 ± 8.9 ml, and the mean sac diameter was 24.5 ± 8.0 mm. A significant exponential correlation was found between the mean sac diameter and the GSV (r = 0.86; p < 0.0001). Forty‐six (53.5%) of the 86 patients experienced a complete miscarriage within 4 weeks of the diagnosis (ie, expectant management was successful), but expectant management was unsuccessful in the remaining 40 (46.5%) patients (5 had an incomplete miscarriage, and 35 did not expel the products of conception). The GSV did not differ significantly between the “successful” and “unsuccessful” groups (p = 0.82). A logistic regression analysis showed no significant correlation between GSV and the outcome of missed miscarriages managed expectantly (p = 0.59).ConclusionsThe GSV does not predict the outcome of expectant management of missed miscarriage within 4 weeks of the diagnosis. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 30: 526–531, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www. interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/jcu.10107
Comparison of two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional sonography in evaluating fetal malformations
Authors: Xu Hui‐Xiong , Zhang Qing‐Ping , Lu Ming‐De , Xiao Xian‐Tao 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPurposeWe assessed the differences between 2‐dimensional (2D) and 3‐dimensional (3D) sonography (US) in evaluating fetal malformations.MethodsBoth 2D US and 3D US were used to examine pregnant women whose fetuses had malformations. The diagnostic information provided by the modalities was evaluated and compared.ResultsA total of 62 malformations were confirmed by postnatal or postmortem follow‐up in 41 fetuses of 40 pregnant women. 2D US made a definite and correct diagnosis of 49 malformations (79%), whereas 3D US definitely diagnosed 58 malformations (94%) (p < 0.01). 3D US definitely diagnosed all the abnormalities in 38 fetuses (93%), whereas 2D US did so in only 32 fetuses (78%) (p < 0.05). In 35 (60%) of the 58 malformations revealed by both 3D US and 2D US, the former provided more diagnostic information than the latter. 3D US was particularly superior to 2D US in evaluating fetal malformations of the cranium and face, spine and extremities, and body surface.ConclusionsIn comparison with 2D US, 3D US improves the diagnostic capability by offering more diagnostic information in evaluating fetal malformations, particularly in displaying fetal malformations of the cranium and face, spine and extremities, and body surface. 3D US is a valuable adjunct to 2D US in prenatal diagnosis. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 30:515–525, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www. interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/jcu.10109
Sonographic features with histologic correlation in two cases of palpable breast cancer after breast augmentation by liquid silicone injection
Authors: Cheung Yun‐Chung , Lee Kam‐Fai , Ng Shu‐Hang , Chan Siu‐Cheung , Wong Alex Mun‐Ching 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSonography is rarely used to evaluate the breasts in patients who have undergone liquid silicone injections for breast augmentation because strong acoustic shadowing from the resulting silicone granulomas hampers the examination. We report on 2 patients who underwent silicone injection 18 and 20 years earlier and in whom breast cancers (1 invasive ductal carcinoma and 1 carcinosarcoma) were diagnosed by sonographically guided core‐needle biopsy. On sonograms, both cancers had a peripheral hypoechoic rim surrounding an echogenic center. The echogenic center corresponded histologically to a silicone granuloma in 1 patient and to a large area of necrosis in the other; the hypoechoic rims corresponded to areas of cancer in both patients. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 30: 548–551, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/jcu.10110
Accuracy of sonography with a hydration test in differentiating between excretory renal obstruction and renal sinus cysts
Authors: Nicolau Carlos , Vilana Ramon , Del Amo Montse , Anguera Albert , Sala Xavier , Pages Mario , Arguis Pedro , Brú Concepcio 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this prospective study was to determine whether sonography with a hydration test to induce diuresis can be used to reliably differentiate between excretory renal obstruction and renal sinus cysts.MethodsWe performed sonographic examination of all patients diagnosed with minimal or moderate obstruction of the intrarenal collecting system or renal sinus cysts on the basis of excretory urography, CT, or both between September 1, 1998, and October 31, 1999. The largest fluid‐filled structures in the renal sinus were sonographically measured before and after each patient ingested 1.5 l of water. Cases in which the maximum diameters of the largest anechoic structures increased by at least 10% after hydration were diagnosed with excretory renal obstruction. The sonographic diagnoses were compared with the final diagnoses on excretory urography, CT, or both.ResultsBoth kidneys were affected in 16 of the 36 patients examined, for a total of 52 kidneys. The sonographic diagnosis was consistent with the results of urography or CT in 48 (92%) of the 52 kidneys. The sonographic approach had a specificity of 92% and a sensitivity of 93% for the diagnosis of excretory renal obstruction, with only 1 false‐negative and 3 false‐positive results.ConclusionsWhen used with the stimulated diuresis test, sonography can reliably distinguish between excretory renal obstruction and renal sinus cysts and can be used as an alternative to other imaging techniques such as urography. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 30: 532–536, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/jcu.10111
Unusual sonographic finding in a patient with late recurrence of a perianal fistula
Authors: Mayoral Jaime L. , Rubal Bernard J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe describe a case of late recurrence of a perianal fistula in a 51‐year‐old man with a 4.5‐year history of recurrent perianal fistulas and abscesses. This was the fourth recurrence he had experienced; at each occurrence, he had undergone various examinations, including sigmoidoscopy, anoscopy, barium enema, fistulography, probe exploration, instillation of hydrogen peroxide, and/or sonography, and he had also undergone surgery. At our examination, transperineal sonography with a portable ultrasound scanner revealed an echogenic linear structure within the fistulous tract. Under endoanal sonographic guidance, surgery was performed, and a tan solid cylindrical structure longer than 2 cm was removed. Histopathologic examination revealed stratified squamous epithelium and soft tissue with substantial fibrosis and mild chronic inflammation, findings consistent with the characteristics of a remnant cast from a previous fistulous tract. Our findings suggest that some patients may benefit from relatively inexpensive sonographic examination with appropriate transducers. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 30: 557–561, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/jcu.10113
Quantitative Doppler evaluation of the splenoportal venous system in various stages of cirrhosis: Differences between right and left portal veins
Authors: Kutlu Ramazan , Karaman Ibrahim , Akbulut Ahmet , Baysal Tamer , Sigirci Ahmet , Alkan Alpay , Aladag Murat , Seckin Yuksel , Saraç Kaya 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of our study was to evaluate the relationship between the splenoportal hemodynamics in patients with cirrhosis and the stage of the disease.MethodsPatients with cirrhosis were grouped according to modified Child‐Pugh scoring into stages A, B, and C of cirrhosis. A control group of healthy volunteers was included. After gastroenterologic clinical and laboratory examinations, all participants underwent a splenoportal Doppler sonographic evaluation in which the vessels' diameter, area, and blood flow velocity were measured and blood flow rate and the congestion index in the splenoportal venous system were calculated.ResultsSeventy‐five patients with cirrhosis (25 women and 50 men) were enrolled; the control group consisted of 30 healthy volunteers (15 women and 15 men) with no liver disease. The mean age (± standard deviation) of the patients was 54.4 ± 14.8 years (range, 13–80 years) and of the control subjects was 47.3 ± 14.5 years (range, 18–72 years). No significant differences in vessel diameter, blood flow velocity, and blood flow rate were found in the main and left portal veins between the study group and the control group. In the right portal vein, we found decreases in the vessel diameter, blood flow velocity, and blood flow rate, and in the splenic vein, we found increases in vessel diameter and blood flow rate. The congestion index was increased in the main portal and splenic veins but was unchanged in the left portal vein.ConclusionsAlthough our data indicate that there is no difference in Doppler sonographic parameters of the main portal vein according to Child‐Pugh scores, the hemodynamic differences between the left and right branches of the portal vein may be clinically useful in patients with cirrhosis. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 30: 537–543, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/jcu.10114
Lower‐extremity deep venous thrombosis after upper‐extremity port catheter placement: An unusual complication
Authors: Mihmanli Ismail , Cantasdemir Murat , Kantarci Fatih , Mandel Nil Molinas , Cokyuksel Oktay 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe describe the case of a woman with breast carcinoma who experienced deep venous thrombosis of the right lower extremity after placement of a double‐lumen central venous chemotherapy port catheter in the left upper extremity. Color Doppler sonography revealed a linear tubular structure within the right common femoral vein and sonographic features of thrombosis, suggesting deep venous thrombosis secondary to displacement of the port catheter. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 30: 562–565, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/jcu.10115
Sonographic findings in a duodenal duplication cyst
Authors: Narlawar Ranjeet S. , Rao Jhanvi R. , Karmarkar Santosh J. , Gupta Arunima , Hira Priya 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe report the sonographic features of a duodenal duplication cyst containing ectopic pancreatic tissue in a 5‐month‐old boy who presented with symptoms of partial gastric outlet obstruction. Sonography revealed an anechoic, double‐walled, bilobed cystic lesion containing debris in the pyloroduodenal region. There was sound through‐transmission but no air or communication with the gastrointestinal tract. Surgical resection and histopathologic examination confirmed a duodenal duplication cyst containing pancreatic tissue. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 30: 566–568, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/jcu.10117
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia relapse in the breast diagnosed with gray‐scale and color Doppler sonography
Authors: Likaki‐Karatza Eleni , Mpadra Filitsa A. , Karamouzis Michalis V. , Ravazoula Panagiota , Koukouras Dimitrios , Margariti Sofia , Dimopoulos Ioannis 
Published: October 2002

AbstractExtramedullary relapses of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children and young adults are rare and in most cases are localized in the central nervous system, testes, or both. We describe a rare case of extramedullary relapse of ALL in the breast of a 17‐year‐old girl. The patient, who had been diagnosed with ALL 1 year before and had been in complete remission for 5 months, was admitted to the hospital for investigation of a mass in her left breast. On clinical examination, she had a large, palpable, nontender mass in her left breast. Mammography revealed a very dense mass. On gray‐scale and power Doppler sonography, the appearance of the mass was consistent with malignancy. Histopathologic examination of a surgical biopsy specimen permitted accurate diagnosis of ALL. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 30: 552–556, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/jcu.10118
Thyrotoxic Periodic Paralysis: Sonographic appearances of the thyroid
Authors: King Ann D. , Chow Francis C. C. , Ahuja Anil T. , Richards Polly S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPurposeThe aim of the study was to describe the sonographic appearances of the thyroid in patients with thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP).MethodsOf the 25 patients diagnosed with TPP between January 1, 1998, and December 31, 2001, as identified by a search of our patient database, 13 had undergone sonography of the thyroid. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records and thyroid sonograms of these 13 patients. The sonograms were assessed subjectively for thyroid size, echogenicity, vascularity, and the presence of solid nodules and cysts.ResultsSonography showed abnormality of the thyroid in all 13 patients. In 11 patients (85%), sonography showed widespread hypoechogenicity (compared with the muscle) whose distribution was diffuse (6 patients) or patchy (5 patients) and diffusely distributed areas of hypervascularity (type 1 pattern). All 11 of these patients had a clinical diagnosis of Graves' disease. One patient (8%) had multinodular goiter and enlargement of the thyroid with multiple heterogeneous solid nodules and cysts (type 2 pattern); the clinical diagnosis was toxic multinodal goiter. One patient (8%) had a combination of type 1 and type 2 patterns and a clinical diagnosis of Graves' disease.ConclusionsThe sonographic abnormalities of the thyroid in patients with TPP reflect the common underlying causes of thyrotoxicosis in the general population. The sonographic appearances associated with Graves' disease (type 1 pattern) were the most common abnormality detected. No sonographic features specific to TPP were identified. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 30: 544–547, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/jcu.10119
Origins of the cognitive (r)evolution
Authors: Mandler George 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe well documented cognitive “revolution” was, to a large extent, an evolving return to attitudes and trends that were present prior to the advent of behaviorism and that were alive and well outside of the United States, where behaviorism had not developed any coherent support. The behaviorism of the 1920 to 1950 period was replaced because it was unable to address central issues in human psychology, a failure that was inherent in part in J. B. Watson's founding manifesto with its insistence on the seamless continuity of human and nonhuman animal behavior. The “revolution” was often slow and piecemeal, as illustrated by four conferences held between 1955 and 1966 in the field of memory. With the realization that different approaches and concepts were needed to address a psychology of the human, developments in German, British, and Francophone psychology provided some of the fuel of the “revolution.” © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
When scientific knowledge becomes scientific discovery: The disappearance of classical conditioning before Pavlov
Authors: Logan Cheryl A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn the nineteenth century, scientific materials in experimental physiology changed dramatically. In this context, phenomena that had been widely accepted were lost, sometimes to be reintroduced later as “discoveries.” I describe the loss of the phenomenon of classical conditioning, later rediscovered by Ivan Pavlov. In 1896, Austrian physiologist Alois Kreidl demonstrated experimentally that animals anticipate the occurrence of food that is cued by a variety of stimuli. Kreidl stated, moreover, that the fact that animals can be called to food had been widely known to science since the 1830s. I describe Kreidl's work and discuss several factors that may have led to the disappearance of conditioning prior to its rediscovery by Pavlov. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Psychology's public image in “Topics of the Times”: Commentary from the editorial page of the New York Times between 1904 and 1947
Authors: Dennis Paul M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBetween 1904 and 1947, the New York Times published in a section of its editorial page, “Topics of the Times,” 196 commentaries on psychology. Prior to World War I, the majority of editorials centered on Hugo Münsterberg; psychological topics most frequently examined after the war were the mental test, child rearing advice, and psychoanalysis. Although the Times was enthusiastic in its support for psychology in the years immediately before and after World War I, editorial opinion soon turned negative. Critical of psychology for promising more than it could deliver, being inconsistent in its assertions over time, and not rising above the level of common sense, Times editorials weighed heavily on the side of undermining, rather than promoting, psychology's credibility from the late 1920s to 1940s. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Moral education for the elite of democracy: The classe de philosophie between sociology and philosophy
Authors: Barberis Daniela S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this article, I address the issues at stake in the relationship between sociology and philosophy in the second half of the nineteenth century by focusing on a debate between two parties: Émile Durkheim, who was attempting to found an independent scientific sociology, and the editors and collaborators of the Revue de métaphysique et de morale (RMM), one of the central philosophical journals of the period. This debate focused on the role of philosophy in secondary school education, but at its heart, this was a struggle between two disciplines over which ought to direct the formation of good citizens for Third Republic France. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Expression of the green fluorescent protein in the oligodendrocyte lineage: A transgenic mouse for developmental and physiological studies
Authors: Yuan Xiaoqing , Chittajallu Ramesh , Belachew Shibeshih , Anderson Stacie , McBain Chris J. , Gallo Vittorio 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe generated a transgenic mouse expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under the control of the 2′‐3′‐cyclic nucleotide 3′‐phosphodiesterase (CNP) promoter. EGFP+ cells were visualized in live tissue throughout embryonic and postnatal development. Immunohistochemical analysis in brain tissue and in sciatic nerve demonstrated that EGFP expression was restricted to cells of the oligodendrocyte and Schwann cell lineages. EGFP was also strongly expressed in “adult” oligodendrocyte progenitors (OPs) and in gray matter oligodendrocytes. Fluorescence‐activated cell sorting allowed high‐yield purification of EGFP+ oligodendrocyte‐lineage cells from transgenic brains. Electrophysiological patch clamp recordings of EGFP+ cells in situ demonstrated that OP cells displayed large outward tetraethylammonium (TEA)‐sensitive K+ currents and very small inward currents, whereas mature oligodendrocytes were characterized by expression of large inward currents and small outward K+ currents. The proliferation rate of EGFP+ cells in developing white matter decreased with the age of the animals and was strongly inhibited by TEA. Oligodendrocyte development and physiology can be studied in live tissue of CNP‐EGFP transgenic mice, which represent a source of pure EGFP+ oligodendrocyte‐lineage cells throughout development. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.