bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of community-acquired pneumonia hospitalisation in persons with bronchiectasis during the COVID-19 lockdown in Denmark: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Rømer Valdemar , Fosgaard Martina Bjørka , Sivapalan Pradeesh , Eklöf Josefin , Saeed Mohamad Isam , Toennesen Louise Lindhardt , Svorre Jordan Alexander , Gissel Tina , Johansson Sofie Lock , Jensen Jens-Ulrik Stæhr 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundPersons with bronchiectasis have a high risk of community-acquired pneumonia. Social distancing measures, implemented to prevent the spreading of SARS-CoV-2, could potentially reduce the incidence of other infectious diseases.Research questionWas the COVID-19 lockdown period, along with accompanying social distancing measures, associated with reduced hospital admissions for community-acquired pneumonia and decreased overall mortality rates among individuals with bronchiectasis?MethodsSocial distancing measures were introduced in Denmark by 12 March 2020 and were preserved until 20 May 2020 (social distancing period), after which the measures were gradually dismissed. The study included all adults (≥18 years) with bronchiectasis residing in Denmark. Confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection were excluded. We retrospectively investigated the incidence of community-acquired pneumonia hospital admission, death of all causes and respiratory antibiotic treatment in the 10-week social distancing period in 2020, compared with the same dates in 2019. 9344 persons were included in the study.ResultsIn the social distancing period, the incidence rate of pneumonia-hospitalisation per 10 000 person-weeks was 9.2 compared with 13.8 in the reference period. This reduction corresponds to an incidence rate ratio (IRR) of 0.67 (95% CI 0.51 to 0.88, p<0.01). Mortality was unchanged (IRR 0.90, 95% CI 0.61 to 1.32, p=0.58). Fewer persons received respiratory antibiotics (IRR 0.85, 95% CI 0.78 to 0.94, p<0.001).ConclusionThe social distancing period was associated with a lower incidence of community-acquired pneumonia hospitalisations and respiratory antibiotic treatments in persons with bronchiectasis while all-cause mortality remained unchanged.
Dupilumab demonstrated efficacy and was well tolerated regardless of prior use of swallowed topical corticosteroids in adolescent and adult patients with eosinophilic oesophagitis: a subgroup analysis of the phase 3 LIBERTY EoE TREET study
Authors: Bredenoord Albert J , Dellon Evan S , Hirano Ikuo , Lucendo Alfredo J , Schlag Christoph , Sun Xian , Glotfelty Lila , Mannent Leda , Maloney Jennifer , Laws Elizabeth , Mortensen Eric , Shabbir Arsalan 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveTo assess the effect of long-term dupilumab on histological, symptomatic and endoscopic aspects of eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) in adolescent and adult patients with and without prior use of swallowed topical corticosteroids (STC) or prior inadequate response, intolerance or contraindication to STC.DesignPre-specified analysis of data from the phase 3 LIBERTY EoE TREET study on patients who received dupilumab 300 mg once a week or placebo for 24 weeks (W24) in parts A and B, and an additional 28 weeks (W52) in part C. Patients were categorised as with/without prior STC use and with/without inadequate/intolerance/contraindication to STC. The proportion of patients achieving ≤6 eosinophils per high-power field (eos/hpf), absolute change in Dysphagia Symptom Questionnaire (DSQ) score, mean change in Endoscopic Reference Score and Histologic Scoring System grade/stage scores were assessed for each subgroup.ResultsRegardless of prior STC use, dupilumab increased the proportion of patients achieving ≤6 eos/hpf and improved DSQ score versus placebo at W24, with improvements maintained or improved at W52. The DSQ score and the proportion of patients achieving ≤6 eos/hpf after switching from placebo to dupilumab at W24 were similar to those observed in the dupilumab group at W24, regardless of prior STC use or inadequate/intolerance/contraindication to STC. Improvements in other outcomes with dupilumab were similar in patients with/without prior STC use or inadequate/intolerance/contraindication to STC.ConclusionDupilumab 300 mg once a week demonstrated efficacy and was well tolerated in patients with EoE regardless of prior STC use or inadequate response, intolerance and/or contraindication to STC.Trial registration numberNCT03633617.
Vietnamese Frontier Worker Across Vietnam: China Border Case Study of Two Provinces Ha Giang and Quang Ninh
Authors: Tran Ngoc Diem , Nguyen Hau Trung , Dang Thuy T. 
Published: November 2023

The region along the Vietnam–China border is given particular attention in terms of national security, economic security, financial security, social security, and human security. Presently, a large number of Vietnamese employees cross the border into China to find employment, and a similar number of Chinese workers enter into Vietnam. In order to assess the current state of cross-border labor, the paper chooses a case study technique with two bordering areas, Ha Giang and Quang Ninh, from which comparisons can be made about the degree of development and the direction of labor management. The study confirms that there are inequalities and development gaps that have led to differences in management and solutions in the two localities. As a result, solutions to establish sustainable and equitable development between the two localities — especially in mountainous regions and with a significant number of ethnic minorities — are proposed.
Characterizing Decision-Making Surrounding Exercise in ARVC: Analysis of Decisional Conflict, Decisional Regret, and Shared Decision-Making
Authors: Sweeney Jessica , Tichnell Crystal , Christian Susan , Pendelton Catherine , Murray Brittney , Roter Debra L. , Jamal Leila , Calkins Hugh , James Cynthia A. 
Published: November 2023

Background:
Limiting high-intensity exercise is recommended for patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) due to its association with penetrance, arrhythmias, and structural progression. Guidelines recommend shared decision-making (SDM) for exercise level, but there is little evidence regarding its impact. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the extent and implications of SDM for exercise, decisional conflict, and decisional regret in patients with ARVC and at-risk relatives.

Methods:
Adults diagnosed with ARVC or with positive genetic testing enrolled in the Johns Hopkins ARVC Registry were invited to complete a questionnaire that included exercise history and current exercise, SDM (SDM-Q-9), decisional conflict, and decisional regret.

Results:

The response rate was 64.8%. Two-thirds of participants (68.0%, n=121) reported clinically significant decisional conflict regarding exercise at diagnosis/genetic testing (DCS [decisional conflict scale]≥25), and half (55.1%, n=98) in the past year. Prevalence of decisional regret was also high with 55.3% (n=99) reporting moderate to severe decisional regret (DRS [decisional regret scale]≥25). The extent of SDM was highly variable ranging from no (0) to perfect (100) SDM (mean, 59.6±25.0). Those diagnosed in adolescence (≤age 21) reported significantly more SDM (
P
=0.013). Importantly, SDM was associated with less decisional conflict (ß=−0.66, R
2
=0.567,
P
<0.01) and decisional regret (ß=−0.37, R
2
=0.180,
P
<0.001) and no difference in vigorous intensity aerobic exercise in the 6 months after diagnosis/genetic testing or the past year (
P
=0.56;
P
=0.34, respectively).

Conclusions:
SDM is associated with lower decisional conflict and decisional regret; and no difference in postdiagnosis exercise. Our data thus support SDM as the preferred model for exercise discussions for ARVC.
Single‐Cell Atlas of Neonatal Mouse Hearts Reveals an Unexpected Cardiomyocyte
Authors: Shen Junwei , Ma Linlin , Hu Jing , Li Yanfei 
Published: November 2023

Background
Single‐cell RNA sequencing is widely used in cancer research and organ development because of its powerful ability to analyze cellular heterogeneity. However, its application in cardiomyocytes is dissatisfactory mainly because the cardiomyocytes are too large and fragile to withstand traditional single‐cell approaches.

Methods and Results
Through designing the isolation procedure of neonatal mouse cardiac cells, we provide detailed cellular atlases of the heart at single‐cell resolution across 4 different stages after birth. We have obtained 10 000 cardiomyocytes; to our knowledge, this is the most extensive reference framework to date. Moreover, we have discovered unexpected erythrocyte‐like cardiomyocyte–terminal cardiomyocytes, comprising more than a third of all cardiomyocytes. Only a few genes are highly expressed in these cardiomyocytes. They are highly differentiated cardiomyocytes that function as contraction pumps. In addition, we have identified 2 cardiomyocyte‐like conducting cells, lending support to the theory that the sinoatrial node pacemaker cells are specialized cardiomyocytes. Notably, we provide an initial blueprint for comprehensive interactions between cardiomyocytes and other cardiac cells.

Conclusions
This mouse cardiac cell atlas improves our understanding of cardiomyocyte heterogeneity and provides a valuable reference in response to varying physiological conditions and diseases.
Heart Disease Mortality in Cancer Survivors: A Population‐Based Study in Japan
Authors: Gon Yasufumi , Zha Ling , Sasaki Tsutomu , Morishima Toshitaka , Ohno Yuko , Mochizuki Hideki , Sobue Tomotaka , Miyashiro Isao 
Published: November 2023

Background
Data on the risk of cardiovascular‐related mortality in patients with cancer are limited.

Methods and Results
This retrospective cohort study used data from the Osaka Cancer Registry and vital statistics in Japan between 1985 and 2013. The causes of death were investigated, and the risk of fatal heart disease was analyzed. Standardized mortality ratios were calculated to compare the risk of fatal heart disease between patients with cancer and the general population. Fine and Gray competing risk regression models were used to assess the risk of fatal heart disease among patients with cancer. In total, 682 886 patients with cancer were included in the analysis, and 335 635 patients died during the study period. Heart disease was the leading cause of noncancer deaths, with 10 686 deaths. Among the patients who died of heart disease, 5017 had ischemic heart disease, 3598 had heart failure, 356 had hypertensive disease, and 1715 had other heart diseases. The standardized mortality ratio for heart disease was 2.80 (95% CI, 2.74–2.85). The standardized mortality ratio for ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and hypertensive disease were 3.26 (95% CI, 3.17–3.35), 2.69 (95% CI, 2.60–2.78), and 5.97 (95% CI, 5.38–6.63), respectively. The risk of fatal heart disease increased over time after cancer diagnosis. Men were more likely to die of heart disease than women (subdistribution hazard ratio, 1.08 [95% CI, 1.02–1.16]). The risk of fatal heart disease among cancer survivors has decreased in recent years.

Conclusions
Cancer survivors have a higher risk of fatal heart disease than the general population.
Disability Status and Secondary Prevention Among Survivors of Stroke: A Cross‐Sectional Analysis of the 2011 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Zhou Tianna , de Havenon Adam , Sheth Kevin N. , Ross Joseph S. 
Published: November 2023

Background
Among survivors of stroke, adherence to secondary prevention care is associated with decreased risk of recurrent stroke. However, not all survivors of stroke use secondary stroke prevention treatment. We examined the association between the disability status of survivors of stroke and their treatment and control of diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension.

Methods and Results
In a cross‐sectional analysis of the 2011 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we compared diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension treatment and control rates among self‐reported survivors of stroke age ≥20 years with and without disability. Disability was defined as self‐reporting any of 5 physical or 4 functional domains assessed using a structured questionnaire. Logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, race and ethnicity, and history of medical conditions were used to estimate associations between disability status and risk factor treatment and control. The mean age of survivors of stroke was 65.1 years, and 55.5% were female; 76% (95% CI, 72.7%–79.3%) self‐reported at least 1 disability. Age‐standardized treatment rates for diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension were 33.1% (95% CI, 26.9%–39.2%), 67.5% (95% CI, 62.6%–72.3%), and 78.4% (95% CI, 74.6%–82.2%), respectively. Age‐standardized control rates for diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension were 86.8% (95% CI, 83.8%–89.8%), 20.5% (95% CI, 15.0%–25.9%), and 47.1% (95% CI, 42.6%–51.7%), respectively. In adjusted models, those with and without disabilities had similar odds of risk factor treatment and control.

Conclusions
In the United States, three‐quarters of survivors of stroke self‐reported a disability, and these patients had similar odds of diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension treatment and control compared with those without disability.
Varying Definitions of Carotid Intima‐Media Thickness and Future Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Ling Yong , Wan Yiming , Barinas‐Mitchell Emma , Fujiyoshi Akira , Cui Hui , Maimaiti Aikedan , Xu Rong , Li Jing , Suo Chen , Zaid Maryam 
Published: November 2023

Background
Carotid intima‐media thickness (cIMT) has been widely used as a predictor of future cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, various definitions of cIMT exist. This study provides a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the associations between different cIMT definitions and CVD.

Methods and results
A systematic review of the different cIMT definitions used in prospective cohort studies was performed. The relationships between cIMT of different definitions (common carotid artery IMT [CCA‐IMT], internal carotid artery IMT [ICA‐IMT], combined segments [combined‐IMT], mean CCA‐IMT, and maximum CCA‐IMT) with future stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), and CVD events were analyzed using random effects models. Among 2287 articles, 18 articles (14 studies) with >10 different cIMT definitions were identified and included in our meta‐analysis. After adjusting for age and sex, a 1‐SD increase in CCA‐IMT was associated with future stroke (hazard ratio [HR], 1.32 [95% CI, 1.27–1.38]), MI (HR, 1.27 [95% CI, 1.22–1.33]), and CVD events (HR, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.19–1.37]). A 1‐SD increase in ICA‐IMT was related to future stroke (HR, 1.25 [95% CI, 1.11–1.42]) and CVD events (HR, 1.25 [95% CI, 1.04–1.50]) but not MI (HR, 1.26 [95% CI, 0.98–1.61]). A 1‐SD increase in combined‐IMT was associated with future stroke (HR, 1.30 [95% CI, 1.08–1.57]) and CVD events (HR, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.23–1.49]). Maximum CCA‐IMT was more strongly related than mean CCA‐IMT with risk of MI, and both measures were similarly associated with stroke and CVD events.

Conclusions
Combined‐IMT is more strongly associated with CVD events compared with single‐segment cIMT definitions. Maximum CCA‐IMT shows a stronger association with MI than mean CCA‐IMT. Further research is warranted to validate our findings and to standardize the cIMT measurement protocol, as well as to explore underlying mechanisms.
Coronary Plaque Characteristics and Underlying Mechanism of Acute Coronary Syndromes in Different Age Groups of Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Suzuki Keishi , Niida Takayuki , Yuki Haruhito , Kinoshita Daisuke , Fujimoto Daichi , Lee Hang , McNulty Iris , Takano Masamichi , Nakamura Sunao , Kakuta Tsunekazu , Mizuno Kyoichi , Jang Ik‐Kyung 
Published: November 2023

Background
High cardiovascular mortality has been reported in young patients with diabetes. However, the underlying pathology in different age groups of patients with diabetes has not been studied.

Methods and Results

The aim of this study was to investigate the plaque characteristics and underlying pathology of acute coronary syndrome in different age groups of patients with or without diabetes in a large cohort. Patients who presented with acute coronary syndrome and underwent preintervention optical coherence tomography imaging were included. Culprit plaque was classified as plaque rupture, plaque erosion, or calcified plaque and stratified into 5 age groups. Plaque characteristics including features of vulnerability were examined by optical coherence tomography. Among 1394 patients, 482 (34.6%) had diabetes. Patients with diabetes, compared with patients without diabetes, had a higher prevalence of lipid‐rich plaque (71.2% versus 64.8%,
P
=0.016), macrophage (72.0% versus 62.6%,
P
<0.001), and cholesterol crystal (27.6% versus 19.7%,
P
<0.001). Both diabetes and nondiabetes groups showed a decreasing trend in plaque erosion with age (patients with diabetes,
P
=0.020; patients without diabetes,
P
<0.001). Patients without diabetes showed an increasing trend with age in plaque rupture (
P
=0.004) and lipid‐rich plaque (
P
=0.018), whereas patients with diabetes had a high prevalence of these vulnerable features at an early age that remained high across age groups.

Conclusions
Patients without diabetes showed an increasing trend with age in plaque rupture and lipid‐rich plaque, whereas patients with diabetes had a high prevalence of these vulnerable features at an early age. These results suggest that atherosclerotic vascular changes with increased vulnerability start at a younger age in patients with diabetes.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifiers: NCT04523194, NCT03479723. URL:
https://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/
. Unique identifier: UMIN000041692.
Interventions to Attenuate Cardiovascular Calcification Progression: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Murali Shashank , Smith Edward R. , Tiong Mark K. , Tan Sven‐Jean , Toussaint Nigel D. 
Published: November 2023

Background
Cardiovascular calcification, characterized by deposition of calcium phosphate in the arterial wall and heart valves, is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and is commonly seen in aging, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. Whether evidence‐based interventions could significantly attenuate cardiovascular calcification progression remains uncertain.

Methods and Results
We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials involving interventions, compared with placebo, another comparator, or standard of care, to attenuate cardiovascular calcification. Included clinical trials involved participants without chronic kidney disease, and the outcome was cardiovascular calcification measured using radiological methods. Quality of evidence was determined by the Cochrane risk of bias and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations assessment. Forty‐nine randomized controlled trials involving 9901 participants (median participants 104, median duration 12 months) were eligible for inclusion. Trials involving aged garlic extract (n=6 studies) consistently showed attenuation of cardiovascular calcification. Trials involving 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (n=14), other lipid‐lowering agents (n=2), hormone replacement therapies (n=3), vitamin K (n=5), lifestyle measures (n=4), and omega‐3 fatty acids (n=2) consistently showed no attenuation of cardiovascular calcification with these therapies. Trials involving antiresorptive (n=2), antihypertensive (n=2), antithrombotic (n=4), and hypoglycemic agents (n=3) showed mixed results. Singleton studies involving salsalate, folate with vitamin B6 and 12, and dalcetrapib showed no attenuation of cardiovascular calcification. Overall, Cochrane risk of bias was moderate, and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations assessment for a majority of analyses was moderate certainty of evidence.

Conclusions
Currently, there are insufficient or conflicting data for interventions evaluated in clinical trials for mitigation of cardiovascular calcification. Therapy involving aged garlic extract appears most promising, but evaluable studies were small and of short duration.
Incidental visual processing of spatiotemporal cues in communicative interactions: An fMRI investigation
Authors: Atkinson Anthony P. , Vuong Quoc C. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The interpretation of social interactions between people is important in many daily situations. The coordination of the relative body movements between them may provide visual cues that observers use without attention to discriminate such social interactions from the actions of people acting independently of each other. Previous studies highlighted brain regions involved in the visual processing of interacting versus independently acting people, including posterior superior temporal sulcus, and areas of lateral occipitotemporal and parietal cortices. Unlike these previous studies, we focused on the incidental visual processing of social interactions; that is, the processing of the body movements outside the observers’ focus of attention. In the current study, we used functional imaging to measure brain activation while participants were presented with point-light dyads portraying communicative interactions or individual actions. However, their task was to discriminate the brightness of two crosses also on the screen. To investigate brain regions that may process the spatial and temporal relationships between the point-light displays, we either reversed the facing direction of one agent or spatially scrambled the local motion of the points. Incidental processing of communicative interactions elicited activation in right anterior STS only when the two agents were facing each other. Controlling for differences in local motion by subtracting brain activation to scrambled versions of the point-light displays revealed significant activation in parietal cortex for communicative interactions, as well as left amygdala and brain stem/cerebellum. Our results complement previous studies and suggest that additional brain regions may be recruited to incidentally process the spatial and temporal contingencies that distinguish people acting together from people acting individually.
Person and Nature in Maxentius the Scythian (fl. ca. 518–523)
Authors: Portaru Marius 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although Abbas Maxentius the Scythian (fl. ca. 518–523) played a major role in the post-Chalcedonian debate and his personality is generally appreciated by historians, his specific Christological contribution has remained insufficiently integrated into the narratives of the period. With few exceptions, his activity is reduced to a mere annexe of Justinian’s Church politics. In the present study, after a concise introduction to the life and work of Maxentius and the Cyrillian Chalcedonian tradition of Scythia minor, I analyse Maxentius’ distinction between ‘person’ and ‘nature’ in Christology.
Religious Moderation as Good Life: Two Responses to the Ministry of Religious Affairs’ Directive on Religious Moderation in Indonesia
Authors: Singgih Emanuel Gerrit 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 2019, the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia launched the book Moderasi Beragama (“Religious Moderation”) with a supplement in the form of question and answer, followed in 2020 by Peta Jalan Penguatan Moderasi Beragama (“Road Map for Strengthening Religious Moderation”), with Road Map (in English) as the main title. The Ministry of Religious Affairs aimed to establish an official governmental directive for expressing religious convictions and aspirations, both internally and in public. The directive is intended to neutralize religious radicalism through awareness of the religiously plural context of Indonesia, and the fact that all religions of Indonesia have accepted Pancasila as the state ideology. The purpose of this study is to discuss and evaluate the concept of religious moderation proposed by the Ministry of Religious Affairs. The examination will be conducted through a dialogue involving two public Christian responses to Moderasi Beragama.