bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting Mortality in Critically Ill Patients With Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mishra Shivangi , Gala Jinay , Chacko Jose 
Published: February 2024

Objectives:
Critically ill patients with tuberculosis carry high mortality. Identification of factors associated with mortality in critically ill tuberculosis patients may enable focused treatment.

Data Sources:
An extensive literature search of PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar was performed using Medical Subject Headings terms “tuberculosis,” “critical care,” “critical care outcome,” and “ICU.” We aimed to identify factors affecting mortality in critically ill tuberculosis patients.

Study Selection:
All the studies comparing factors affecting mortality between survivors and nonsurvivors in critically ill tuberculosis patients were included. The database search yielded a total of 3017 records, of which 17 studies were included in the meta-analysis.

Data Extraction:
Data were collected including the name of the author, year and country of publication, duration of the study, number of patients studied, type of tuberculosis, patient demography, smoking history, laboratory parameters, comorbidities, the requirement for mechanical ventilation, duration of ventilation, ICU and hospital length of stay (LOS), type of lung involvement, complications, and outcomes.

Data Synthesis:
The major factors that contributed to mortality in critically ill tuberculosis patients were age, platelet count, albumin, C-reactive protein (CRP), the requirement and duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, Pao
2/Fio
2 ratio, presence of acute respiratory distress syndrome, shock, hospital-acquired infections, renal replacement therapy, and ICU and hospital LOS.

Conclusions:
Patient age, platelet count, albumin and CRP levels, the requirement and duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, Pao
2/Fio
2 ratio, hospital-acquired infections, renal replacement therapy, and ICU LOS were variables associated with mortality.
Disease-Specific Mortality of Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans After Mohs Surgery Versus Wide Local Excision: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Crum Olivia M. , O'Hern Keegan , Demer Addison M. , Brewer Jerry D. 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUNDAlthough advances have been made in the understanding of recurrence patterns in dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, the current understanding of disease-specific mortality after surgical management is limited.OBJECTIVETo understand disease-specific mortality rates associated with dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans treated with wide local excision (WLE) versus Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS).MATERIALS AND METHODSA systematic literature search was conducted on March 6, 2023, to identify patients treated with MMS or WLE for dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.RESULTSA total of 136 studies met inclusion criteria. Overall, the disease-specific mortality rate was not significantly different after treatment with MMS (0.7%, confidence interval [CI] 0.1–1.2,p: 0.016) versus WLE (0.9%, CI 0.6–1.2,p< .001). For recurrent tumors, the MMS treatment group had a statistically significantly lower disease-specific mortality rate (1.0%, CI 0.0–2.0,p0.046) compared with the WLE treatment group (3.5%, CI 2.0–5.1,p< .001). The mean follow-up for all studies was 57.6 months.CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCEThe authors' meta-analysis suggests there is no substantial difference in disease-specific mortality between MMS and WLE in patients with dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, except in the case of recurrent tumors, where MMS seems to confer a survival advantage.
TMR Using a Free Rectus Flap after Transhumeral Amputation
Authors: Galbraith Logan G. , Najafali Daniel , Gatherwright James R. 
Published: February 2024

Summary:
Targeted muscle reinnervation offers an approach to regain use of the affected extremity through electronic prosthesis while limiting phantom pain and neuroma limb production or pain. In this case report, we present the first reported case of leveraging the rectus flap for targeted muscle reinnervation. The case herein is of a 28-year-old woman who sustained a severe right upper extremity crush injury while being involved in a vehicular roll-over collision requiring right transhumeral amputation. Plastic surgery, orthopedic surgery, and vascular surgery were consulted to manage the right upper extremity injury.
Longitudinal Changes in Choroidal Thickness in Children with a History of Prematurity: An 18-month Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Lee Yung-Sung , Liu Laura , Wang Nan-Kai , Chen Kuan-Jen , Hwang Yih-Shiou , Lai Chi-Chun , Wu Wei-Chi 
Published: February 2024

Purpose:To evaluate choroidal changes over time in school-aged children with a history of prematurity.Methods:A study of 416 eyes, including 88, 190, 36, 56, and 46 eyes in the full-term control, preterm, spontaneously regressed retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB)-treated ROP, and laser-treated ROP groups, respectively. The choroidal thickness was measured 4 times at 6-month intervals by optical coherence tomography.Results:Of all the groups, the laser-treated children had the thinnest choroid compared with full-term children (−52.3 μm,P= .04). Preterm children exhibited greater attenuation in choroidal thickness over time than did full-term children (−6.3 ± 26.9 and −1.1 ± 12.8 μm/year,P= .03), whereas no difference was observed between IVB and laser treatments (−4.6 ± 18.9 and −2.0 ± 15.7 μm/year,P= .46). In all groups, the changes in axial length were negatively associated with the changes in choroidal thickness (allP< .05).Conclusion:A greater attenuation in choroid thickness over time was observed in preterm children than in full-term children, but this attenuation did not differ between IVB and laser treatments. Axial elongation was associated with choroidal thinning in school-aged children.
Intraocular Straylight and Multifocal Soft Contact Lens Fit With a Myopia Control Approach
Authors: Ritchey Eric R. , Gregory Hannah R. , Nti Augustine N. , Berntsen David A. 
Published: February 2024

Objectives:
Center-distance multifocal contact lenses (MFCLs) are used to slow myopia progression. We examined the effect of two MFCLs on intraocular straylight values in myopic individuals.

Methods:
Twenty-five young myopic adults were enrolled and were fit with three contact lenses (Biofinity sphere, Biofinity Multifocal, and NaturalVue Multifocal) in a random order over two study visits. Pupil size (NeurOptics VIP-300, Laguna Hills, CA) and contact lens centration were measured. Right eye intraocular straylight measurements were collected (OCULUS C-Quant; Wetzlar, Germany) and compared with a spectacle trial lens. Log straylight (LogSL) values and straylight residuals were analyzed using repeated-measures analyses of variance with Tukey-corrected post hoc t-tests.

Results:
The mean participant age (±SD) was 24.1±1.5 years, and right eye spherical equivalent refractive error was −3.38±1.53 DS. There was no difference in mesopic pupil size between visits (P=0.68) and no difference in contact lens centration between lenses (P=0.99). LogSL values differed by lens type (P=0.004). LogSL with the spectacle trial lens was significantly greater than with each contact lens type (all P<0.05), but there were no significant differences in LogSL between the three contact lenses (all P>0.05). There was no difference between the three contact lens designs for straylight residuals (P=0.33).

Conclusions:
Measured intraocular straylight for both MFCLs was not different than with a spherical soft contact lens. A significant increase in intraocular straylight with spectacle trial lens correction was observed compared with all contact lenses.
Enacting an “Empowerment Approach” After Sexual Assault: The Views and Beliefs of Forensic Nurse Examiners and Crisis Support Workers
Authors: Driver Mary 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Sexual violence is a profoundly disempowering experience. It is essential that survivors are offered access to comprehensive medical care, psychological support, and follow-up in a way that offers them a high level of choice and control.

Aims
There has been little research into how practitioners working in the context of immediate postassault understand empowerment and reflect this in their care delivery. This study sought to explore how crisis support workers and forensic nurse examiners conceive how they enact an “empowerment approach” in a sexual assault referral center (SARC) in the United Kingdom.

Methods
A phenomenological approach was taken, and data were gathered through focus groups and interviews.

Findings
Themes were identified under the headings of “indicators of empowerment,” “empowerment as a process,” and “the empowerment approach.”

Conclusion
As part of providing person-centered care that enacts an empowering approach within the SARC setting, professionals need the skills and resources to be able to respond flexibly to their clients. They have a role in addressing victim blaming of those subjected to sexual violence and in promoting the accessibility of SARC services.
Hemorrhagic retinal arterial macroaneurysm combined with branch retinal artery occlusion treated with intravitreal conbercept injection: A case report
Authors: Xie Pinxue , Feng Wen , Yan Ran , Zhu Siquan , Gao Xinxiao 
Published: February 2024

Rationale:
Branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) is a rare complication of retinal arterial macroaneurysm (RAM), a low-incidence ocular disease.

Patient concerns:
A 75-year-old woman presented with a chief complaint of blurred vision.

Diagnoses:
The patient for 4 days received a diagnosis of RAM combined with BRAO.

Interventions:
The patient was treated with two successive intravitreal conbercept injections.

Outcomes:
The patient’s best-corrected visual acuity improved, and the RAM diminished.

Lessons:
Administration of conbercept injection might be an effective treatment for complex RAM with BRAO.
Gastrointestinal adverse events of tirzepatide in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis and trials sequential analysis
Authors: Tong Keke , Yin Shuang , Yu Yunfeng , Yang Xinyu , Hu Gang , Zhang Fei , Liu Zhenjie 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Tirzepatide (TZP) is a novel drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but the gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events (AEs) is a limiting factor in clinical application. Therefore, this study systematically evaluated the GI AEs of TZP for T2DM.

Methods:
Clinical trials of TZP for T2DM were retrieved from eight databases published only from the establishment of the database to February 2023. Revman5.3 and TSA0.9.5.10 Beta were used for meta-analysis and trials sequential analysis (TSA).

Results:
Meta-analysis showed that compared with placebo, total GI AEs, nausea, decreased appetite, constipation and vomiting were significantly higher in all dose groups of TZP (P < .05), while abdominal pain and abdominal distension were comparable (P > .05). TSA showed that the differences in total GI AEs, nausea, decreased appetite and constipation were conclusive. Compared with insulin, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting and decreased appetite were significantly increased in all doses of TZP (P < .05), and dyspepsia was significantly increased with TZP 15 mg (P < .05). TSA showed that these differences were all conclusive. Compared with GLP-1 RA, decreased appetite was significantly higher with TZP 5 mg, total GI AEs, decreased appetite and diarrhea were significantly higher with TZP 10 mg (P < .05), while nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia and constipation were significantly different in all dose groups, abdominal pain were not significantly different (P < .05) and TSA showed no conclusive results in this group.

Conclusion:
The GI AEs of TZP were significantly higher than those of placebo and insulin, but comparable to GLP-1 RA. Nausea, diarrhea and decreased appetite are very common GI AEs of TZP, and the incidence is positively correlated with dose. GI AEs of TZP decrease gradually over time, so long-term steady medication may be expected to reduce GI AEs.
Meta-analysis of clinical efficacy of electroacupuncture versus conventional treatment for postoperative urinary retention in cervical cancer
Authors: Tan Jinlang , Gong Rui , Zhang Qian , Zheng Yi , Ma Le , Shi Shuai 
Published: February 2024

Background:To conduct a meta-analysis on the clinical efficacy of electroacupuncture in the treatment of postoperative urinary retention in cervical cancer, and to provide a theoretical basis for the promotion of electroacupuncture in the treatment of this disease.Methods:Computer searches of the Cochrane library, Web of science, PubMed, Embase, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Wanfang database, Wipu database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database database were conducted to find randomized controlled trials on electroacupuncture for postoperative urinary retention recovery in cervical cancer, all from the time of database creation to October 2022. Two evaluators independently evaluated the quality of the included literature and extracted the data. Data were combined and analyzed using RevMan 5.4.Results:A total of 21 Randomized controlled trials with 1532 patients, 789 in the treatment group and 743 in the control group, were included. One descriptive analysis was performed and 20 Meta-analyses were performed. Meta-analysis results showed that: The electroacupuncture group was more effective than the control group in promoting recovery from urinary retention after cervical cancer, with a statistically significant difference [relative risk (RR)] = 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI 1.26, 1.39),P < .00001; The duration of indwelling catheterization was reduced in the electroacupuncture group compared with the control group, with a statistically significant standard mean difference = −1.43, 95% CI (−1.62, −1.24),P < .00001; The healing rate in the electroacupuncture group was higher than that in the control group, with a statistically significant difference [RR] = 1.92, 95% CI (1.59, 2.30),P < .00001; The rate of urinary tract infection in the electroacupuncture group was lower than that in the control group, with a statistically significant difference [RR] = 0.22, 95% CI (0.10, 0.45),P < .00001. The incidence of urinary retention was lower in the electroacupuncture group than in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant [RR = 0.26, 95% CI (0.18, 0.39),P < .01].Conclusion:Electroacupuncture can promote the recovery of urinary retention after cervical cancer surgery, and can improve the healing rate of patients after surgery, reduce the occurrence of urinary tract infection and shorten the duration of indwelling catheterization.
Cervical spine Rosai–Dorfman disease: A case report and literature review
Authors: Rao Xianfeng , Kang Zhengwen , Chen Jianwei , Cai Chang , Wang Bo , Zhang Qiusheng 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Rosai–Dorfman disease is a benign lymphatic tissue proliferative disease with slow growth and is rarely observed in the clinic. Most of these patients present clinically with enlarged lymph nodes. In patients with spinal extranodal Rosai–Dorfman disease, which is even rare than the disease of lymph nodes, patients may experience numbness and weakness in the extremities.

Case presentation:
We report a 32-year-old male patient with multi-segmental spinal Rosai–Dorfman disease. On admission, his left fingers had been numb for 2 months. Over a 2-month period, the limb numbness progressed from the left to the right hand. The patient underwent resection of the lesion and internal fixation of the C2–C7 spine. The postoperative outcomes were satisfied and no recurrence was observed at 1-year follow-up.

Conclusion:
Spinal Rosai–Dorfman disease is a relatively rare tumor of which the pathogenesis is still unclear, and most patients have no specific clinical manifestations. Characteristic imaging findings can indicate this disease, however, a definitive diagnosis still depends on a pathological examination. Currently, total surgical resection of the tumor is a relatively effective and preferred treatment.
Comparative of the effectiveness and safety of biological agents, small molecule drugs, and microbiome therapies in ulcerative colitis: Systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Gao Jie , Nie Rui , Chen Yalan , Yang Wei , Ren Qian 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Biological agents are commonly used for the first-line treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). However, small-molecule drugs and microbiome therapies are now being used as new treatments for ulcerative colitis. We aimed to compare the relative efficacy and safety of biologics, small-molecule drugs, and microbiome therapies for the treatment of patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis.

Methods:
We searched the Cochrane, Embase, and PubMed databases from their inception to December 2022. RCTs that recruited patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis treated with biological agents, small-molecule drugs, and microbiome therapies. Efficacy outcomes were induction of clinical remission and mucosal healing; safety outcomes were adverse events and serious adverse events. A network meta-analysis with multivariate consistency model random-effect meta-regression was done, with rankings based on surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) values. Higher SUCRA scores correlate with better efficacy, whereas lower SUCRA scores correlate with better safety.

Results:
A total of 31 RCTs comprising 7933 UC patients were included in our studies. A risk of bias assessment showed a low risk of bias for most of the included studies. Upadacitinib ranked highest for induction of clinical remission (SUCRA, 0.83) and mucosal healing (SUCRA, 0.44). Moreover, no treatments were found to increase the occurrence of adverse events compared with placebos. Ustekinumab ranked lowest for adverse events (SUCRA 0.26) and probiotic ranked lowest for serious adverse events (0·21), whereas tofacitinib ranked highest for adverse events (0·43) and upadacitinib ranked highest for serious adverse events (0·43).

Conclusion:
In this systematic review and network meta-analysis, we found upadacitinib to be ranked highest for the induction of clinical remission and mucosal healing, but the worst performing agent in terms of adverse events in UC patients. Probiotics were the best-performing agent for safety outcomes. More trials of direct comparisons are needed to inform clinical decision-making with greater confidence.
Calcium dobesilate-induced hyperpyrexia: A case report
Authors: Yang Hui , Yuan Hong-Ling , Zhang Zhi-Ping , Zhang Hong-Kui , Liu Ming-Wei 
Published: February 2024

Rationale:
Calcium dobesilate, a vasoprotective and antioxidant agent, is gradually being used for the treatment of chronic kidney disease. Calcium dobesilate-induced hyperpyrexia is a rare clinical event, and few studies have reported it.

Patient concerns:
The patient took calcium dobesilate, which caused high fever. After stopping calcium dobesilate, his body temperature returned to normal.

Diagnoses:
Based on the medical history, symptoms and signs, the patient was diagnosed with drug fever caused by calcium dobesilate.

Interventions:
Calcium dobesilate was stopped, and supportive treatment was given at the same time.

Outcomes:
The present case was initially misdiagnosed as a fever caused by a bacterial infection, but treatment with the antibiotic moxifloxacin was ineffective. Based on the patient’s medical history, laboratory and examination results, body temperature changes, and Naranjo Advanced Drug Response Scale, calcium dobesilate-induced hyperpyrexia was diagnosed. After discontinuation of calcium dobesilate, the patient’s body temperature normalized, and no additional episode of fever was observed at follow-up.

Lesson:
Moreover, misdiagnosis and mistreatment of this condition can deteriorate the patient’s condition. Herein, we report a case of calcium dobesilate-induced hyperpyrexia that occurred during the treatment of chronic renal insufficiency. Subsequently, a systematic analysis of the patient’s diagnosis and treatment was reviewed. If unexplained high fever develops during the use of calcium dobesilate, calcium dobesilate-induced hyperpyrexia should be considered. Accordingly, calcium dobesilate should be discontinued.
Nitrous oxide induced subacute combined degeneration of the spine cord: A case report
Authors: Wang Shuo , Li Zhe , Shi Yuanyuan , Wang Tianjun , Jin Wei 
Published: February 2024

Rationale:
In recent years, recreational use of inhaled nitrous oxide (N2O) is on the increase among young people, accompanied by a corresponding rise in reports about its toxicity. Subacute combined degeneration of the spine cord (SCD) is the typical clinical picture of the nervous system disorder caused by N2O intoxication, as a result of metabolic disturbance of vitamin B12.

Patient concerns, diagnoses, interventions and outcomes:
We report a 28-year-old female of SCD due to prolonged use of N2O, presented with paresthesia and unsteady in walking progressing within 1 month. Symptoms gradually improved with the treatment of intramuscular injections of hydroxocobalamin combined with N2O abstinence, and the patient recovered completely with normal neurological examination after 4 months of follow-up.

Lessons:
Clinicians should be aware of the clinical features and pathogenesis of SCD caused by N2O intoxication in order to lead effective treatment as soon as possible. Recreational N2O use should always be considered as an etiology when dealing with patients presented with myelopathy and/or neuropathy suspected of vitamin B12 deficiency.
A case report of cerebellar hemangioblastoma simulated brain metastasis shown by magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Xue Jiaxing , Mo Chenlong 
Published: February 2024

Rationale:
Hemangioblastomas occur both sporadically and as an important component of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease. The typical MRI features of hemangioblastoma are cysts with enhanced cystic wall nodules in the cerebellum or lesions with uniform enhancement on the surface or inside the spinal cord. If there is edema around hemangioblastoma, it is easy to be misdiagnosed as brain metastasis on MRI.

Patient concerns:
A 41-year-old male patient was found to have a lump in the pancreas during a health examination 3 months ago. Subsequently, the patient underwent surgical treatment. The postoperative pathology suggests that the pancreatic lesion is a neuroendocrine tumor. The patient subsequently came to our hospital for consultation on further treatment plans. Abnormal signals were found in the right cerebellum during pituitary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before the development of a treatment plan for neuroendocrine tumors. Subsequently, the patient underwent cerebellar mass resection surgery. The pathological result after the surgery was hemangioblastoma.

Diagnosis:
The patient underwent surgery to remove the tumor and was diagnosed with hemangioblastoma by pathological examination. Subsequently, the patient’s genetic testing results confirmed the diagnosis of VHL syndrome.

Interventions:
The patient underwent cerebellar mass resection surgery.

Outcomes:
The patient recovered after surgical resection.

Lessons:
In this report, we emphasize the atypical MRI manifestations of hemangioblastoma. For patients with VHL syndrome-related hemangioblastoma, genetic testing is necessary for the patient and their family members.