bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex Differences in Alterations of Brain Functional Network in Tobacco Use Disorder
Authors: Qiu Xianxin , Han Xu , Wang Yao , Ding Weina , Sun Yawen , Lei Hao , Zhou Yan , Lin Fuchun 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Many studies have found sex differences in alterations of brain function in cigarette-smoking adults from the perspective of functional activity or connectivity. However, no studies have systematically found different alteration patterns in brain functional topology of cigarette-smoking men and women from three perspectives: nodal and network efficiency and modular connections.

Aims and Methods
Fifty-six tobacco use disorder (TUD) participants (25 women) and 66 non-TUD participants (28 women) underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. The whole-brain functional networks were constructed, and a two-way analysis of covariance with false discovery rate correction (q &lt; 0.05) was performed to investigate whether men and women TUD participants had different alterations in the topological features at global, modular, and nodal levels.

Results
Compared to non-TUD participants, men but not women TUD participants showed significantly lower global efficiency (lower intermodular connections between the visual and executive control and between the visual and subcortical modules did not pass the correction) and significantly lower nodal global efficiency in the right superior occipital gyrus, bilateral fusiform gyrus, the right pallidum, right putamen, the bilateral paracentral lobule, the postcentral gyrus, and lower nodal local efficiency in the left paracentral lobule.

Conclusions
Men and women TUD participants have different topological properties of brain functional network, which may contribute to our understanding of neural mechanisms underlying sex differences in TUD.

Implications
Compared to non-TUD participants, we found men but not women TUD participants with significantly lower network metrics at global, modular, and nodal levels, which could improve our understanding of neural mechanisms underlying sex differences in TUD and lay a solid foundation for future sex-based TUD prevention and treatment.
The influence of pediatric cancer treatment on taste perception and food hedonics: a systematic review
Authors: Curtis Annie R , Tan Sze Yen , Boltong Anna , Cohen Jennifer , Kiss Nicole 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Context
Children with cancer are at risk of poor nutritional status during treatment and into survivorship. Objectively measured taste perception and self-reported food hedonics are 2 factors that may influence food intake.

Objective
This 2-armed systematic review examined whether chemotherapy and radiotherapy affect (1) taste perception and (2) hedonic experiences of children and survivors of childhood cancer.

Data Source
A 2-armed systematic literature search was conducted in the Medline, CINAHL, Embase, and PsychInfo database until June 2022. The effects of cancer treatment on objective taste perception or food hedonics (ie, food liking or aversion and appetite) were examined.

Data Extraction
Peer-reviewed articles published in English of studies that included children (aged &lt;18 years) or survivors of childhood cancer (any age) were reviewed. Risk of bias was determined using the Evidence Analysis Library by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.

Data Analysis
A total of 1417 articles in the taste search arm and 3862 articles in the hedonics search arm were identified. Of these, 9 and 4 articles were eligible for review, respectively. Cancer treatment had highly variable effects on taste perception during treatment and into survivorship. Learned food aversions were experienced by children receiving chemotherapy treatment and liking of meats and salty foods by children with cancer was affected. The impact of treatment on appetite varied.

Conclusions
Cancer treatment did not uniformly affect taste perception. Food liking may be negatively affected, and learned food aversions may develop during cancer treatment. To establish the clinical relevance of childhood cancer treatment on taste perception and food hedonics, more research is required.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration no.CRD42020207127.
Re-defining evidence-based policing
Authors: Klose Stephan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This article re-defines evidence-based policing as ‘a decision-making process which integrates the best available evidence, professional judgement and community values, preferences and circumstances’. The article argues that this definition serves to position evidence-based policing more clearly as a research-informed, practitioner-centred, and community-oriented approach to policing practice. It moreover advances links between evidence-based policing and related concepts—such as evidence-based medicine—which, in turn, promises to address misunderstandings in (and streamline) debates about evidence-based practice across disciplinary lines. The article provides an in-depth discussion of each key element of its proposed three-pronged definition—best available evidence, professional judgement, and community values, preferences, and circumstances—through a review of ongoing discussions about evidence-based policing in the field of criminology and evolving discussions (and conceptualizations) of evidence-based practice across other disciplines. Finally, the article outlines how its proposed definition—and its three integral elements—can guide the future development of an evidence-based policing agenda.
Sectors versus borders: interest group cleavages and struggles over corporate governance in the age of asset management
Authors: Voss Dustin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Universally invested asset managers like BlackRock have established a dominant position in equity markets around the globe. While extant contributions have explored their voting behaviour and role in shaping corporate governance at the firm level, less is known about their potential to build interest coalitions with other business groups, and their leverage over state-level corporate governance institutions. This article investigates conflict over a far-reaching reform to co-determination in Germany. Qualitative content analysis of over 100 stakeholder statements yields that asset managers forge coalitions with short-term-oriented investors to abolish key tenets of corporatist institutions. However, a domestic countercoalition of financial and non-financial firms prevented momentous institutional change. This article improves our understanding of international asset managers’ preferences and highlights coalition building as a key determinant of the political power of international finance. By aligning the costs of institutional change for incumbents, corporatist institutions continue to act as shields against financialization.
Plant secondary metabolites involved in the stress tolerance of long-lived trees
Authors: Cui Jiawen , Li Xiang , Lu Zhaogeng , Jin Biao 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Ancient trees are natural wonders because of their longevity, having lived for hundreds or thousands of years, and their ability to withstand changing environments and a variety of stresses. These long-lived trees have sophisticated defense mechanisms, such as the production of specialized plant metabolites (SPMs). In this review, we provide an overview of the major biotic and abiotic stresses that long-lived trees often face, as well as an analysis of renowned ancient tree species and their unique protective SPMs against environmental stressors. We also discuss the synthesis and accumulation of defensive SPMs induced by environmental factors and endophytes in these trees. Furthermore, we conducted a comparative genomic analysis of 17 long-lived tree species and discovered significant expansions of SPM biosynthesis gene families in these species. Our comprehensive review reveals the crucial role of SPMs in high resistance in long-lived trees, providing a novel natural resource for plant defense, crop improvement and even the pharmaceutical industry.
Uniform carbon reserve dynamics along the vertical light gradient in mature tree crowns
Authors: Zahnd Cedric , Zehnder Miro , Arend Matthias , Kahmen Ansgar , Hoch Günter 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Understanding the within-tree variability of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) is crucial for interpreting point measurements and calculating whole-tree carbon balances. Yet, little is known about how the vertical light gradient within tree crowns influences branch NSC concentrations and dynamics. We measured NSC concentrations, irradiance and key leaf traits in uppermost, sun-exposed and lowest, shaded branches in the crowns of mature, temperate trees from nine species with high temporal resolution throughout one growing season. Measurements from two additional years allowed us to test the generality of our findings amongst climatically contrasting years. Despite the vertical light gradient, we found very similar seasonal NSC dynamics and concentrations between sun and shade branches in most species. This can at least partially be explained by acclimations in specific leaf area and photosynthetic leaf traits compensating the different light availability between the top and bottom canopy. Only in the ring-porous species Quercus petraea x robur and Fraxinus excelsior was starch refilling after budbreak slower in lower branches. End-of-season NSC concentrations were similar between canopy positions and amongst observation years. Only Fagus sylvatica had 40 and 29% lower starch concentrations by the end of the extremely dry year 2020, relative to the other 2 years. We show that NSC measured anywhere in a tree crown is often representative of the whole crown. Overall, our results suggest that carbon reserve dynamics in trees are largely insensitive to both microclimatic gradients and inter-annual climatic variation, and only deviate under severe carbon deficits, as was presumably the case with Fagus in our study.
Nuclear‐localized androgen receptor content following resistance exercise training is associated with hypertrophy in males but not females
Authors: Hatt Aidan A. , Kamal Michael , Mikhail Andrew I. , Fortino Stephen A. , Wageh Mai , Kumbhare Dinesh , Parise Gianni 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAndrogen receptor (AR) content has been implicated in the differential response between high and low responders following resistance exercise training (RET). However, the influence of AR expression on acute skeletal muscle damage and whether it may influence the adaptive response to RET in females is poorly understood. Thus, the purpose of this exploratory examination was to 1) investigate changes in AR content during skeletal muscle repair and 2) characterize AR‐mediated sex‐based differences following RET. A skeletal muscle biopsy from the vastus lateralis was obtained from 26 healthy young men (n = 13) and women (n = 13) at baseline and following 300 eccentric kicks. Subsequently, participants performed 10 weeks of full‐body RET and a final muscle biopsy was collected. In the untrained state, AR mRNA expression was associated with paired box protein‐7 (PAX7) mRNA in males. For the first time in human skeletal muscle, we quantified AR content in the myofiber and localized to the nucleus where AR has been shown to trigger cellular outcomes related to growth. Upon eccentric damage, nuclear‐associated AR (nAR) content increased (p < .05) in males and not females. Males with the greatest increase in cross‐sectional area (CSA) post‐RET had more (p < .05) nAR content than females with the greatest gain CSA. Collectively, skeletal muscle damage and RET increased AR protein, and both gene and hypertrophy measures revealed sex differences in relation to AR. These findings suggest that AR content but more importantly, nuclear localization, is a factor that differentiates RET‐induced hypertrophy between males and females.
Novel ferroptosis gene biomarkers and immune infiltration profiles in diabetic kidney disease via bioinformatics
Authors: Huang Yixiong , Yuan Xinke 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDiabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the primary cause of end‐stage renal disease, exhibiting high disability and mortality rates. Ferroptosis is vital for the progression of DKD, but the exact mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the potential mechanism of ferroptosis‐related genes in DKD and their relationship with the immune and to identify new diagnostic biomarkers to help treat and diagnose DKD. GSE30122 and GSE47185 were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and were integrated into a merged dataset, followed by functional enrichment analysis. Then potential differentially expressed genes were screened. Ferroptosis‐related differentially‐expressed genes were identified, followed by gene ontology analysis. Protein–protein interaction networks were constructed and hub genes were screened. The immune cell‐infiltrating state in the dataset was assessed using appropriate algorithms. Immune signature subtypes were constructed using the consensus clustering analysis. Hub gene expression was validated using qRT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry. A total of Eleven screened ferroptosis‐related differentially expressed genes were screened. Six potentially diagnostically favorable ferroptosis‐related hub genes were identified. Significantly increased expression of γδT cells, resting mast cells, and macrophages infiltration was observed in the DKD group. Additionally, two distinct immune signature subgroups were identified. Ferroptosis‐related hub genes were significantly correlated with differentially infiltrated immune cells. Six hub genes were significantly upregulated in HK‐2 cells following high glucose treatment and in human kidney tissues of patients with DKD. Six ferroptosis‐related hub genes were identified as potential biomarkers of diabetic kidney disease, but further validation is needed.
Role of ecto‐5′‐nucleotidase in bladder function
Authors: Barge Sagar , Wu Ali , Zhang Lanlan , Robson Simon C. , Olumi Aria , Alper Seth L. , Zeidel Mark L. , Yu Weiqun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurinergic signaling plays an important role in regulating bladder contractility and voiding. Abnormal purinergic signaling is associated with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Ecto‐5′‐nucleotidase (NT5E) catalyzes dephosphorylation of extracellular AMP to adenosine, which in turn promotes adenosine‐A2b receptor signaling to relax bladder smooth muscle (BSM). The functional importance of this mechanism was investigated using Nt5e knockout (Nt5eKO) mice. Increased voiding frequency of small voids revealed by voiding spot assay was corroborated by urodynamic studies showing shortened voiding intervals and decreased bladder compliance. Myography indicated reduced contractility of Nt5eKO BSM. These data support a role for NT5E in regulating bladder function through modulation of BSM contraction and relaxation. However, the abnormal bladder phenotype of Nt5eKO mice is much milder than we previously reported in A2b receptor knockout (A2bKO) mice, suggesting compensatory response(s) in Nt5eKO mouse bladder. To better understand this compensatory mechanism, we analyzed changes in purinergic and other receptors controlling BSM contraction and relaxation in the Nt5eKO bladder. We found that the relative abundance of muscarinic CHRM3 (cholinergic receptor muscarinic 3), purinergic P2X1, and A2b receptors was unchanged, whereas P2Y12 receptor was significantly downregulated, suggesting a negative feedback response to elevated ADP signaling. Further studies of additional ecto‐nucleotidases indicated significant upregulation of the nonspecific urothelial alkaline phosphatase ALPL, which might mitigate the degree of voiding dysfunction by compensating for Nt5e deletion. These data suggest a mechanistic complexity of the purinergic signaling network in bladder and imply a paracrine mechanism in which urothelium‐released ATP and its rapidly produced metabolites coordinately regulate BSM contraction and relaxation.
Associations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the United States adult population, 2003–2018
Authors: Momo Harry D. , Alvarez Christian S. , Purdue Mark P. , Graubard Barry I. , McGlynn Katherine A. 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disorder worldwide and a leading cause of liver-related mortality. Prior studies have linked per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure to liver dysfunction and alterations in metabolic pathways, but the extent of a PFAS-NAFLD relationship is unclear. Thus, the aim of the current study was to examine whether there were associations between PFAS exposures and NAFLD in the US adult population over a 16-year period.

Methods:
Data from 10,234 persons who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2003 and 2018 were analyzed. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using multivariable logistic regression for the associations between PFAS and NAFLD, defined by the Hepatic Steatosis Index (NAFLD-HSI), the Fatty Liver Index (NAFLD-FLI), and by Transient Elastography with Controlled Attenuation Parameter (NAFLD-TE-CAP).

Results:
Overall, there was a significant inverse association between total PFAS and NAFLD-HSI (P-trend = 0.04). Significant inverse associations were also found between perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) and NAFLD-HSI (P-trend = 0.04), and NAFLD-FLI (P-trend = 0.03). Analysis by time period, 2003–2010 versus 2011–2018, found that while inverse associations were more apparent during the latter period when total PFAS (P-trend = 0.02), PFHxS (P-trend = 0.04), and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) (P-trend = 0.03) were inversely associated with NAFLD-HSI and PFOA was inversely associated with NAFLD-FLI (P-trend = 0.05), there were no significant interaction effects. No significant associations between the PFAS and NAFLD-TE-CAP were found.

Conclusions:
The current study found no evidence of a positive association between the most common PFAS and NAFLD in the US population.
Artificial Intelligence in Plastic Surgery: Insights from Plastic Surgeons, Education Integration, ChatGPT’s Survey Predictions, and the Path Forward
Authors: Farid Yasser , Fernando Botero Gutierrez Luis , Ortiz Socorro , Gallego Sabrina , Zambrano Juan Carlos , Morrelli Humberto Uribe , Patron Alfredo 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Artificial intelligence (AI) is emerging as a transformative technology with potential applications in various plastic surgery procedures and plastic surgery education. This article examines the views of plastic surgeons and residents on the role of AI in the field of plastic surgery.

Methods:
A 34-question survey on AI’s role in plastic surgery was distributed to 564 plastic surgeons worldwide, and we received responses from 153 (26.77%) with the majority from Latin America. The survey explored various aspects such as current AI experience, attitudes toward AI, data sources, ethical considerations, and future prospects of AI in plastic surgery and education. Predictions from AI using ChatGPT for each question were compared with the actual survey responses.

Results:
The study found that most participants had little or no prior AI experience. Although some believed AI could enhance accuracy and visualization, opinions on its impact on surgical time, patient recovery, and satisfaction were mixed. Concerns included patient privacy, data security, costs, and informed consent. Valuable AI training data sources were identified, and there was agreement on the importance of standards and transparency. Respondents expected AI’s increasing role in reconstructive and aesthetic surgery, suggesting its integration into residency programs, addressing administrative challenges, and patient complications. Confidence in the enduring importance of human professionals was expressed, with interest in further AI research.

Conclusion:
The survey’s findings underscore the need to harness AI’s potential while preserving human professionals’ roles through informed consent, standardization, and AI education in plastic surgery.
A Phase-III Noninferiority, Randomized Controlled Trial of Letibotulinum Toxin A for the Improvement of Moderate-to-Severe Glabellar Wrinkles in China
Authors: Xie Yun , Yang Xiumin , Liang Hong , Bo Hongliang , Lu Jianyun , Guo Qing , Li Li , Moon Hyoung-jin , Li Qingfeng 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Letibotulinum toxin A has an established efficacy and safety profile for aesthetic treatment of glabellar wrinkles. This study was conducted to demonstrate the noninferiority of letibotulinum toxin A versus onabotulinum toxin A in improving the appearance of moderate-to-severe glabellar wrinkles in Chinese patients.

Methods:
This phase-III multicenter, randomized, parallel positive control, double-blinded study compared the efficacy and safety of letibotulinum toxin A and onabotulinum toxin A. Eligible participants were randomized 3:1 to receive 20 U of letibotulinum toxin A or onabotulinum toxin A and were observed for 16 weeks postinjection. The primary endpoint was noninferiority in the proportion of study participants receiving a score of 0 or 1 for glabellar wrinkles on a four-point photographic evaluation scale, as assessed by an institution evaluator at maximum frown at week 4. Secondary endpoints included assessments at rest, photographic assessment of efficacy, and subjective self-assessment of the study participants.

Results:
The proportion of participants (N = 500) receiving a score of 0 or 1 at maximum frown by the institution evaluator at week 4 was 88.49% for letibotulinum toxin A and 87.39% for onabotulinum toxin A (difference, 1.10%; 95% confidence interval, −5.02 to 8.82; P = 0.7469). No significant differences were observed between the treatments for secondary efficacy or safety endpoints. Participants’ self-assessment and satisfaction tended to be higher for letibotulinum toxin A than onabotulinum toxin A.

Conclusion:
Letibotulinum toxin A is noninferior to onabotulinum toxin A in improving the appearance of moderate-to-severe glabellar wrinkles in Chinese patients.
Astragaloside IV Alleviates Acute Liver Failure Induced by D-GalN/LPS by Upregulating Autophagy and Reducing Inflammation
Authors: Hong Meng , Lian Wenwen , Yang Ying , Chen Zhi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAcute liver failure (ALF) is a life-threatening condition that manifests in an extremely serious manner and progresses rapidly. The following study investigated the protective effect of astragaloside IV (AS-IV), a traditional Chinese drug, on ALF, and its underlying mechanisms, focusing on autophagy and inflammation regulation. Mice were randomly divided into a saline group, a D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide (D-GalN/LPS) group and an AS-IV group. Biochemical analysis, immunohistochemistry, cytometric bead array, high-throughput quantitative PCR, flow cytometry and Western analysis were used to assess inflammation and liver damage 5 hours after D-GalN/LPS exposure. AS-IV treatment reduced mortality by alleviating D-GalN/LPS-induced hepatic damage and decreasing inflammation (decreasing Ly6c+monocyte levels, reducing inflammatory cytokines and increasing anti-inflammatory factors) as well as upregulating autophagy. Furthermore, PCR array was employed to detect expression of autophagy-related genes, which demonstrated a Log2fold change in gene expression between the AS-IV and D-GalN/LPS groups ranging from 1.19 to -3.53, withTnfsf10showing the largest alteration between the two groups. These data suggest that AS-IV may alleviate ALF by upregulating autophagy and reducing inflammation, and it may therefore be an interesting drug for aleviating ALF.