bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study on the effect of new cyanate and phenoxy polymer on TGDDM/DDS/GMP formulations
Authors: Lakshmi M. Suguna , Srividhya M. , Reddy B. S. R. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractAn attempt was made on the modification of the tetraglycidyl‐4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl methane/diaminodiphenyl sulfone (TGDDM/DDS) system to improve properties for several industrial applications. Epoxy resins [TGDDM and 1‐glycidyloxy‐4‐methoxy phenol (GMP)] were synthesized in the laboratory. Also, a new cyanate ester and phenoxy polymer were synthesized and characterized by FTIR, 1H‐/13C‐NMR, and thermal studies. GMP was added as a diluent and a new cyanate ester (DCDPT) was introduced to reduce the tight crosslinking density. Further, a new phenoxy polymer was added to improve the toughness property. A variety of neat resin casts using different compositions of the blends were made and their physical, chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties were evaluated to study the effect of GMP as a diluent, cyanate ester as a comonomer, and phenoxy polymer as a toughener. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 2963–2973, 2003
Crystal‐induced neutrophil activation: VIII. Immediate production of prostaglandin E2 mediated by constitutive cyclooxygenase 2 in human neutrophils stimulated by urate crystals
Authors: Gilbert Caroline , Poubelle Patrice E. , Borgeat Pierre , Pouliot Marc , Naccache Paul H. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of monosodium urate monohydrate (MSUM) crystals on the synthesis of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by human neutrophils, and to examine some of the mechanisms underlying these responses.MethodsThe amount of PGE2 released in the supernatants of stimulated human neutrophils was evaluated by enzyme immunoassay, and expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX‐2) was monitored by immunoblot on cell lysates, as well as by cytofluorometry of buffy‐coat cells.ResultsWe observed that MSUM crystals rapidly stimulated the synthesis of PGE2, with levels peaking at 1 hour. This response was decreased by NS‐398, a specific inhibitor of COX‐2. We also detected a constitutive expression of COX‐2 in unstimulated and unprimed neutrophils. This rapid COX‐2–dependent PGE2 accumulation was independent of translation and transcription. We also observed that piceatannol, but not colchicine, blocked the synthesis of PGE2 stimulated by MSUM crystals.ConclusionThese results show that the interaction of MSUM crystals with human neutrophils stimulates a significant synthesis of PGE2 mediated by constitutively expressed COX‐2. The results of this study emphasize the potential importance of the neutrophil as a source of PGE2, which may modulate, positively or negatively, the inflammatory response.
Lower prevalence of hand osteoarthritis among Chinese subjects in Beijing compared with white subjects in the United States: The Beijing Osteoarthritis Study
Authors: Zhang Yuqing , Xu Ling , Nevitt Michael C. , Niu Jingbo , Goggins Joyce P. , Aliabadi Piran , Yu Wei , Lui Li‐Yung , Felson David T. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractObjectiveFewer Chinese subjects in Beijing have hip osteoarthritis (OA) compared with whites in the United States, but as many or more Chinese subjects have knee OA. If these differences are due to a systemic predilection for disease, then the prevalence of hand OA, the best indicator of generalized disease, should be different in China. The goals of this study were to estimate the prevalence of hand OA among elderly Chinese in Beijing, and to compare it with that among elderly whites in the United States.MethodsWe recruited a random sample of Beijing residents ages ≥60 years. Subjects answered questions on joint symptoms and provided posteroanterior radiographs of the hand. The protocol was identical to that used in the Framingham, Massachusetts OA Study. The hand radiographs from the Beijing OA Study were read intermingled with films from the Framingham OA Study. We defined a hand joint as having radiographic OA if it had a Kellgren and Lawrence grade ≥2. Symptomatic OA was present when both radiographic OA and self‐reported pain were present in the same joint. We classified a subject as having radiographic or symptomatic hand OA if at least 1 hand joint had radiographic or symptomatic OA. We estimated the prevalence of hand OA in elderly subjects in Beijing and compared it with the prevalence of hand OA in elderly subjects from Framingham, using an age‐standardized prevalence ratio.ResultsWe obtained both symptom information and hand radiographs from 2,525 subjects. Despite the older age of the group, only 44.5% of men and 47.0% of women had radiographic hand OA. Symptomatic hand OA occurred in 3.0% of men and 5.8% of women. Compared with white men in Framingham, the Beijing Chinese men had a much lower prevalence of radiographic hand OA (age‐adjusted prevalence ratio 0.64, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.58–0.70) and symptomatic hand OA (age‐adjusted prevalence ratio 0.25, 95% CI 0.16–0.34). The proportion of multiple hand joints affected by OA in Chinese men was also significantly lower than in white men. A similar magnitude of difference was also observed in the women. However, prevalence of symptomatic OA at the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints in Chinese men and prevalence of radiographic OA at the MCP joints in Chinese women were similar to those in their white counterparts in Framingham.ConclusionElderly Chinese subjects in Beijing had a much lower prevalence of hand OA than did elderly whites in Framingham, Massachusetts. Coupled with the exceedingly low prevalence of hip OA in China, these results may suggest that the overall predilection for OA is less among subjects in China than among whites in the United States.
Rat embryos express transcripts for cyclooxygenase‐1 and carbonic anhydrase‐4, but not for cyclooxygenase‐2, during organogenesis
Authors: Streck Randal D. , Kumpf Steven W. , Ozolinš Terence R. S. , Stedman Donald B. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractBACKGROUND: Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is a rat teratogen, and exposures on gestational days (GDs) 9 and 10 induce diaphragm, cardiac, and midline defects. ASA inhibits members of the cyclooxygenase (COX) family and potentially members of the carbonic anhydrase (CA) family. The objective of this study was to determine whether the mRNA developmental expression pattern for any COX or CA isoform was consistent with a model in which ASA teratogenicity is mediated through direct interaction with one of these enzymes within embryos or within the adjacent ectoplacental cone (EPC) or yolk sac. METHODS: Staged embryos, over a range (GD 9.5–12) that included ASA‐sensitive and ASA‐insensitive stages of organogenesis, were assayed for COX and CA mRNA levels by three techniques: microarrays; in situ hybridization quantitated by a micro‐imager; and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. ASA‐ and vehicle‐treated embryos also were compared to determine whether inhibition led to upregulated COX or CA mRNA expression. RESULTS: COX‐2 mRNA was undetectable in embryos throughout organogenesis by any assay (although it was abundant in EPC). In contrast, COX‐1 mRNA was moderately abundant in embryos throughout organogenesis. One CA isoform, CA‐4, demonstrated developmentally regulated embryonic mRNA expression that coincided with ASA sensitivity. ASA exposure failed to induce upregulation of any of these mRNAs. CONCLUSIONS: Although ASA may affect the embryo indirectly through interaction with COX‐2 within EPC, failure to detect embryonic COX‐2 mRNA argues against COX‐2 functioning as a direct mediator of ASA teratogenic activity in induction of cardiac, diaphragm, and midline defects. Correlation of COX‐1 and CA‐4 expression with ASA sensitivity suggested that embryonic COX‐1 and possibly CA‐4 are much more likely candidates for mediators of ASA developmental toxicity. Birth Defects Research (Part B) 68:57–69, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prognostic significance of preoperative factors in localized prostate carcinoma treated with radical prostatectomy
Authors: Quinn David I. , Henshall Susan M. , Brenner Phillip C. , Kooner Raji , Golovsky David , O'Neill Gordon F. , Turner Jennifer J. , Delprado Warick , Grygiel John J. , Sutherland Robert L. , Stricker Phillip D. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDPredicting outcome for men with clinically localized prostate carcinoma treated with curative intent remains imprecise and further evaluation of accepted and potential predictive factors is needed.METHODSThe authors studied 696 men with localized prostate carcinoma diagnosed on transrectal biopsy and treated with radical prostatectomy at one institution between 1986 and 1999 to determine the relation between putative pretreatment prognostic factors and disease‐free survival. Clinical stage, Gleason score, perineural invasion, number of biopsies containing tumor, and serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) were evaluated as predictors of extracapsular extension, seminal vesicle involvement, lymph node metastases, and surgical margin involvement as well as outcome after surgery. Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate the contribution of different factors to adverse pathologic features and relapse.RESULTSAt mean follow‐up of 56.9 months (range, 1.0–177.9 months; median, 54.9 months), 26.1% (182 of 696 patients) of patients had developed a disease recurrence. Pretreatment serum PSA concentration, biopsy Gleason score, and clinical stage as well as number of biopsies involved with tumor as a percentage of the total number obtained were found to be independent predictors of outcome. In patients with PSA > 10 ng/mL, biopsy perineural invasion and percentage of biopsies containing tumor were found to independently predicted disease recurrent. Increased number of biopsies involved with tumor independently predicted extracapsular extension, margin involvement, seminal vesicle, and lymph node involvement.CONCLUSIONSThis study demonstrated that the proportion of prostate biopsy cores containing tumor is an independent predictor of outcome after subsequent radical prostatectomy and suggested that perineural invasion has a predictive role in patients with a preoperative PSA > 10 ng/ml. Cancer 2003;97:1884–93. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11263
Cisplatin, etoposide and either bleomycin or ifosfamide in the treatment of disseminated germ cell tumors
Authors: Hinton Stuart , Catalano Paul J. , Einhorn Lawrence H. , Nichols Craig R. , David Crawford E. , Vogelzang Nicholas , Trump Donald , Loehrer Patrick J. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDVarious staging systems have been proposed for disseminated germ cell neoplasms. The Indiana University staging system was based on clinical and radiographic findings only, whereas the newly created International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) staging system also utilized serum markers as a prognostic factor. This study updated the intergroup trial that compared the standard therapy of bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (BEP) with etoposide, ifosfamide, and cisplatin (VIP) in advanced germ cell tumors and reanalyzed the results using the IGCCCG staging system.METHODSFrom October 1987 to April 1992, 304 patients with advanced‐stage germ cell tumors (using the Indiana University staging system) were randomized to receive four cycles of BEP or VIP. Two hundred and eighty‐six patients were eligible and fully evaluable. With a median follow‐up of 7.3 years, 283 of the 286 evaluable patients from the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group protocol, E3887, were reclassified using the IGCCCG staging system. Progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and toxicity were assessed for the treatment arms.RESULTSWith a longer follow‐up of 7.3 years and using the Indiana University staging system, the PFS rates were 64% versus 58% and the OS rates were 69% versus 67% in the VIP and BEP arms, respectively. For patients reclassified with the IGCCCG staging system, the PFS rates were 81%, 72%, and 54% and the OS rates were 89%, 81%, and 60% for good, intermediate, and poor‐risk patients, respectively. Differences in OS (VIP, 62%; BEP, 57%) and PFS (VIP, 56%; BEP, 49%) for the subset of patients reclassified as poor risk by the IGCCCG staging system were not significantly different. More toxicity, primarily hematologic toxicity, occurred on the VIP arm.CONCLUSIONSWith a median follow‐up of 7.3 years and with a reclassification based on the IGCCCG, OS and PFS rates were comparable between BEP and VIP. Toxicity, primarily hematologic, was modestly greater with the ifosfamide‐containing arm. The VIP regimen may be considered a treatment alternative for patients with underlying pulmonary disease. In most patients with poor and intermediate‐risk germ cell tumors, four cycles of BEP remain the standard therapy. Cancer 2003;97:1869–75. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11271
Primary transcrotal excision for paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Dall'Igna Patrizia , Bisogno Gianni , Ferrari Andrea , Treuner Jörn , Carli Modesto , Zanetti Ilaria , Guglielmi Maurizio , Cecchetto Giovanni 
Published: April 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo evaluate the role of primary reexcision (PRE) with scrotal resection in patients with paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma enrolled in the German‐Italian Cooperative Studies. The authors compared patients who underwent this procedure, according to the protocol guidelines, with those who did not.METHODSIn 32 of 198 patients with localized disease, the primary surgery was performed through a noncorrect scrotal approach. Twenty‐four patients underwent PRE as recommended by the protocol guidelines (Group A) and 8 did not receive this treatment (Group B). The Group B patients were treated with the same chemotherapeutic regimens as the Group A patients and no radiotherapy was given to either group.RESULTSAfter PRE, residual tumor was not detected in 21 of the 24 Group A patients. Twenty patients are alive in first complete remission 26–250 months after diagnosis (median, 40 months), 2 are alive in second complete remission at 3 and 9 months from diagnosis of lymph node and lung recurrence, and 2 died of disease after lymph node and distant metastases at 16 and 13 months from diagnosis. Three‐fourths of these patients were older than 10 years old and the tumor was larger than 5 cm. The eight Group B patients are all alive in first complete remission 24–250 months since diagnosis.CONCLUSIONSThe data on the eight patients who obtained local control without PRE or radiotherapy warrant further investigation. Because of the supposed high risk of contamination with subsequent microscopic residual tumor after a transcrotal approach, we emphasize the utility of PRE with hemiscrotectomy. Cancer 2003;97:1981–4. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11284
Expression and localization of GLUT1 and GLUT12 in prostate carcinoma
Authors: Chandler Jenalle D. , Williams Elizabeth D. , Slavin John L. , Best James D. , Rogers Suzanne 
Published: April 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDIncreased glucose consumption is a characteristic of malignant cells and in prostate carcinoma is associated with the proliferation of both androgen‐dependent and independent cells. Transport of polar glucose across the nonpolar membrane relies on glucose transporter proteins, known as GLUTs. Increased expression of GLUT1 is a characteristic of many malignant cells. The authors characterized and cloned the cDNA for a novel glucose transporter, GLUT12, which was identified initially in malignant breast epithelial cells. To the authors' knowledge, there have been no reports on the expression of glucose transporters in the human prostate or human prostate carcinoma cells. The authors evaluated GLUT1 and GLUT12 expression in human prostate carcinoma cells.METHODSReverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction was performed on total RNA extracted from cultured prostate carcinoma cells LNCaP, C4, C4‐2, and C4‐2B using primers to amplify GLUT1, GLUT12, or the housekeeping gene, 36B4. Total protein extracted from prostate carcinoma cell lines was assessed for GLUT12 protein by Western blot analysis. Cultured cell monolayers were incubated with antibodies to GLUT1 or GLUT12 and a peripheral Golgi protein, Golgi 58K, for detection by immunofluorescent confocal microscopy. Sections of benign prostatic hyperplasia and human prostate carcinoma were stained for immunohistochemical detection of GLUT1 and GLUT12.RESULTSGLUT1 and GLUT12 mRNA and protein were detected in all cell lines evaluated. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated both GLUT1 and GLUT12 on the plasma membrane and in the cytoplasm in all cultured prostate carcinoma cell lines, with GLUT1 but not GLUT12 appearing to colocalize with the Golgi. Immunohistochemical staining of benign prostatic hyperplasia indicated expression of GLUT1 but not GLUT12. Malignant tissue stained for GLUT12 but was negative for GLUT1.CONCLUSIONSGLUT1 and GLUT12 are expressed in human prostate carcinoma cells. One possible rationale for the GLUT1 Golgi association is that it may supply glucose to the Golgi for byproduct incorporation into the prostatic secretory fluid. Further work will investigate the importance of glucose transport and GLUT1 and GLUT12 in prostate carcinoma cell growth. Cancer 2003;97:2035–42. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11293
Image‐guided and intensity‐modulated radiosurgery for patients with spinal metastasis
Authors: Ryu Samuel , Fang Yin Fang , Rock Jack , Zhu Jingeng , Chu Archie , Kagan Eduard , Rogers Lisa , Ajlouni Munther , Rosenblum Mark , Kim Jae Ho 
Published: April 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDRadiosurgery can deliver a single, large radiation dose to a localized tumor using a stereotactic approach and hence, requires accurate and precise delivery of radiation to the target. Of the extracranial organ targets, the spine is considered a suitable site for radiosurgery, because there is minimal or no breathing‐related organ movement. The authors studied spinal radiosurgery in patients with spinal metastases to determine its accuracy and precision.METHODSThe spinal radiosurgery program was based on an image‐guided and intensity‐modulated, shaped‐beam radiosurgical unit. It is equipped with micromultileaf collimators for beam shaping and radiation intensity modulation and with a noninvasive, frameless positioning device that uses infrared, passive marker technology together with corroborative image fusion of the digitally reconstructed image from computed tomography (CT) simulation and orthogonal X‐ray imagery at the treatment position. These images were compared with the port films that were taken at the time of treatment to determine the accuracy of the isocenter position. Clinical feasibility was tested in 10 patients who had spinal metastasis with or without spinal cord compression. The patients were treated with fractionated external beam radiotherapy followed by single‐dose radiosurgery as a boost (6–8 grays) to the most involved portion of the spine or to the site of spinal cord compression.RESULTSThe accuracy for the isocenter was within 1.36 mm ± 0.11 mm, as measured by image fusion of the digitally reconstructed image from CT simulation and the port film. Clinically, the majority of patients had prompt pain relief within 2–4 weeks of treatment. Complete and partial recovery of motor function also was achieved in patients with spinal cord compression. The radiation dose to the spinal cord was minimal. The maximum dose of radiation to the anterior edge of the spinal cord within a transverse section, on average, was 50% of the prescribed dose. There was no acute radiation toxicity detected clinically during the mean follow‐up of 6 months.CONCLUSIONSImage‐guided, shaped‐beam spinal radiosurgery is accurate and precise. Rapid clinical improvement of pain and neurologic function also may be achieved. The results indicate the potential of spinal radiosurgery in the treatment of patients with spinal metastasis, especially those with solitary sites of spine involvement, to increase the prospects of long‐term palliation. Cancer 2003;97:2013–8. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11296
Screening nasopharyngeal carcinoma by detection of the latent membrane protein 1 (LMP‐1) gene with nasopharyngeal swabs
Authors: Hao Sheng‐Po , Tsang Ngan‐Ming , Chang Kai‐Ping 
Published: April 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common head and neck cancer in Taiwan. The goals of the current study were to investigate whether a nasopharyngeal swab technique could provide enough DNA for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)–derived latent membrane protein 1 (LMP‐1) gene and to determine the feasibility and reliability of diagnosing NPC by detection of LMP‐1 in the nasopharynx.METHODS320 adults underwent nasopharyngoscopy and nasopharyngeal swab to obtain cells for the LMP‐1 PCR assay; some patients also underwent nasopharyngeal biopsy.RESULTSAn amount of DNA that was sufficient for PCR was extracted from 96.3% of the swab samples. By detecting LMP‐1 in nasopharyngeal swabs, NPC was diagnosed with a false positive rate of 12.7% (7 of55 patients), a false negative rate of 1.6% (4 of 253 patients), sensitivity of 87.3% (48 of 55 patients), specificity of 98.4% (249 of 253 patients), a positive predictive value of 92.3% (48 of 52 patients), and a negative predictive value of 97.3% (249/256 patients). NPC was diagnosed by nasopharyngoscopy with a false positive rate of 38% (30 of 79 patients), a false negative rate of 0.4% (1 of 241 patients), sensitivity of 62% (49 of 79 patients), specificity of 99.6% (240 of 241 patients), a positive predictive value of 98% (49 of 50 patients), and a negative predictive value of 88.9% (240 of 270 patients). Only 7 (0.2%) of 256 patients with a diagnosis other than NPC had LMP‐1 detected in the nasopharyngeal space.CONCLUSIONSDetecting EBV genomic LMP‐1 by nasopharyngeal swab diagnosed NPC with 87.3% sensitivity and 98.4% specificity. EBV genomic DNA usually is not detected by PCR‐based methods in the nasopharyngeal space. Its incidence is estimated to be as low as 0.2% among the general population. The nasopharyngeal swab coupled with PCR‐based EBV LMP‐1 detection could serve as part of a screening program for high‐risk populations. Cancer 2003;97:1909–13. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11312