bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Affinity Chromatography of Tryptases: Design, Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Matrix‐Bound Bivalent Inhibitor
Authors: Schaschke Norbert , Gabrijelcic‐Geiger Dusica , Dominik Andreas , Sommerhoff Christian P. 
Published: December 2004

Abstractβ‐Tryptases are mast cell‐derived serine proteases that are enzymatically active in the form of an oligomer consisting of four subunits each with trypsin‐like activity. The active‐site clefts, which are directed toward the central pore of the tetramer, form spatial arrays of four negatively charged S1 binding pockets. Therefore, dibasic inhibitors of appropriate geometry can bind in a bivalent fashion to neighboring subunits. We have recently identified a potent bivalent inhibitor (Ki=18 nM), based on the bifunctional scaffold cyclo‐(‐D‐Asp‐L‐Asp‐) and the arginine mimetic dl‐3‐aminomethyl‐phenylalanine methyl ester as a ligand for S1 pockets that takes advantage of the this unique tetrameric geometry. To generate an affinity matrix, the bivalent ligand was modified and immobilized on a Sepharose matrix by use of the PEG derivative Jeffamine ED 900 as spacer. This matrix selectively recognizes and binds β‐tryptase from crude protein mixtures and thus is useful as a geometry‐driven means of isolating and purifying human mast cell tryptases.
Selective Cleavage of 2,3‐O‐Isopropylidene Group: A Case of Anchimeric Assistance from O‐Glycoside.
Authors: Wakharkar Radhika D. , Sahasrabuddhe Manjusha B. , Borate Hanumant B. , Gurjar Mukund K. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
METHODOLOGICAL INSIGHTS: Comparing the precision and cost‐effectiveness of faecal pellet group count methods
Authors: CAMPBELL D. , SWANSON G. M. , SALES J. 
Published: December 2004

Summary

Faecal pellet group (FPG) count data are widely used to estimate animal abundance, with two alternative methods normally employed. Faecal accumulation rate (FAR) techniques measure the daily accumulation rate of pellet groups, while faecal standing crop (FSC) techniques measure overall density. To estimate abundance, both methods require estimates of the animal defaecation rate. FSC techniques also require an estimate of pellet group decomposition rate. In general, FAR techniques are considered less prone to bias while FSC methods are considered more precise and cost‐effective. On balance, the majority of authors and practitioners prefer FSC methods, although little empirical evidence supports this decision.
FPG count data were obtained from 26 study areas to compare the precision of FAR and FSC count techniques when applied to wild deer populations in the UK uplands. The time needed to collect count data was quantified in 10 study areas.
The coefficients of variation (CV) of FSC pellet group count data ranged from 9% to 23% and were approximately 0·7–0·9 times those of equivalent FAR data. The precision of both methods was related to the density of pellet groups. On average, FSC count data took 80 min per plot to obtain, with FAR taking 1·6–1·9 times longer.
For the precision of FSC and FAR abundance estimates to be comparable in the range of conditions studied, decomposition rate trials would require a CV of 5–20%. While a number of studies report this to be possible, estimates of the time needed to obtain this level of precision generally exceed the net available time that results from the deployment of FSC rather than FSC pellet group counts.
Synthesis and applications. Using the levels of finance available to most deer managers in the UK uplands, deer abundance estimates obtained using FSC techniques on individual study sites up to 20 000 ha appear generally less cost‐effective than FAR when compared in terms of their overall precision. As FAR methods are also thought to have less potential for bias when applied in the appropriate environmental conditions, they should be preferred over FSC when estimating deer abundance in concealing habitats.
The meaning of strategy in the public sector
Authors: Stewart Jenny 
Published: December 2004

Strategic management remains under‐theorised in the public sector, because the issues it raises straddle three distinct but related fields of analysis—the political, the policy‐related and the managerial. At the theoretical level, making progress requires teasing out all three potential dimensions of the term. In the practical sense, there is a need to define a roomier organisational ‘space’ (and time frame) within which strategy can be formulated.The article argues for a more ambitious conceptualisation of the place of strategic thinking in the public sector, one that combines the agency's need to sustain its position in its bureaucratic and political environment, with the ‘strategic conversation’ that is needed to link the political and the bureaucratic executives.
Stresses on pulmonary blood vessels
Authors: Mitzner Wayne 
Published: December 2004

This essay looks at the historical significance of two APS classic papers that are freely available online: Permutt S, Howell JBL, Proctor DF, and Riley RL. Effect of lung inflation on static pressure-volume characteristics of pulmonary vessels. J Appl Physiol 16: 64–70, 1961 ( http://jap.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/16/1/64 ). Howell JBL, Permutt S, Proctor DF, and Riley RL. Effect of inflation of the lung on different parts of pulmonary vascular bed. J Appl Physiol 16: 71–76, 1961 ( http://jap.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/16/1/71 ).
Callable Manuals – Access to Product Documentation via Voice (Anrufbare Bedienungsanleitungen – Zugang zu Produktdokumentation über Sprache)
Authors: Block Hans Ulrich , Caspari Rudolf , Schachtl Stefanie 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
This paper describes the adaptation and usage of a general purpose spoken dialog system (SDS) for an experimental telephony based online help system. It presents the basic philosophy of the SDS, the application building process and the results of a usability test.
Neuartiger Mode-Locking-External-Cavity-Laserdiodensensor zur absoluten Positionsmessung von rauen Oberflächen (Novel Mode-Locking External Cavity Laser Diode Sensor for the Absolute Position Measurements of Rough Surfaces)
Authors: Czarske Jürgen , Möbius Jasper , Moldenhauer Karsten , Razik Thorsten , Tönshoff Hans K. , Müller-Wirts Thomas 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Konventionelle optische Sensoren nutzen Messeffekte außerhalb der Lichtquelle. Bei dem vorgestellten Lasersensor wird demgegenüber das Messobjekt in einen Fabry–Perot-Laserresonator integriert. Dabei ist die technische Oberfläche des Messobjektes als externer Reflektor des Resonators aufzufassen. Die gesuchte Abstandsinformation wird damit der Laseremission direkt aufgeprägt und steht über die Messung des longitudinalen Modenabstands zur Verfügung. Der realisierte Mode-Locking-External-Cavity-Laserdiodensensor erlaubt axiale, absolute Positionsmessungen mit Mikrometerauflösung und weist als Vorteil eine hohe Messdatenrate auf. Die Anwendungen liegen beispielsweise in der Qualitätskontrolle bei der Lasermaterialbearbeitung und von Schleifprozessen.
Anténor Firmin: Haitian Pioneer of Anthropology
Authors: Fluehr‐Lobban Carolyn 
Published: December 2004

Anténor Firmin published De I'Égalité des Races Humaines in 1885 in Paris as a response both to Arthur de Gobineau's racist tome L'lnégalité des Races (1853‐55) and to the racialist anthropology of the nineteenth century. This pioneering work of anthropology has been translated for the first time into English by Assclin Charles as The Equality of the Human Races (Firmin [1885]2000). In 662 pages of the original text, Firmin systematically critiqued the anthropometry and craniometry that dominated the anthropology of his day, while he envisioned a broad, synthetic discipline that would follow once this narrow approach to the study of man was abandoned. He challenged virtually every extant racial myth and laid a basis for the understanding of human variation as adaptation to climate and environment. Contrary to the polygenist doctrines of the infertility of interracial matings, Firmin extolled the value of racial mixture, especially in the vigorous New World hybrid populations. He developed a critical view of racial classifications and of race that foreshadowed much later social constructions of race. In the book he also articulated early Pan‐Africanist ideas as well as an analytical framework for what would become postcolonial studies.The Equality of the Human Races is a text that lies historically at the foundations of the birth of the discipline of anthropology, yet it is unknown to the field. It is a pioneering work in critical anthropology that awaits recognition 115 years after it was first published. [Anténor Firmin, history of racism, antiracism, historical texts, Haitian anthropologist, critical anthropology, nineteenth‐century pioneer]
Authenticating (and Inauthenticating) Local Moral Worlds: Ethnographies of Interpersonal Experience
Authors: Cassell Joan 
Published: December 2004

Shelter Blues: Sanity and Selfhood among the Homeless. Robert Desjarlais. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1997. 308 pp.Women in the American Welfare Trap. Catherine Pélissier Kingfisher. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1996. 206 pp.Love, Sorrow, and Rage: Destitute Women in. Manhattan Residence. Alisse Waterston. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1999. 235 pp.Sidewalk. Mitchell Duneier. with photographs by Ovie Carter New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1999. 383 pp.
The Inside Story
Authors: Hirschfeld Lawrence A. 
Published: December 2004

How We Think They Think: Anthropological Approaches to Cognition, Memory, and Literacy. Maurice E. F. Bloch. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1997.205 pp.Explaining Culture:. Naturalistic Approach. Dan Sperber. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 1996. 175 pp.Cognitive Theory of Cultural Meaning. Claudia Strauss and Naomi Quinn. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998. 323 pp.Mind as Action. James V. Wertsch. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998. 203 pp.
Decoding the Discourses: Feminism and Science
Authors: Walrath Dana 
Published: December 2004

Revisioning Women, Health and Healing: Feminist, Cultural and Technoscience Perspectives. Adele E. Clarke and Virginia L. Olesen. eds, New York: Routledge, 1999. 374 pp.Technologies of Procreation: Kinship in the Age of Assisted Conception. Jeanette Edwards. Sarah Franklin. Eric Hirsch, Frances Price, and Marilyn Strathern. New York: Routledge, 1999. 236 pp.Testing the Women, Testing the Fetus: The Social Impact of Amniocentesis in America. Rayna Rapp. New York: Routledge, 1999. 361 pp.
Measuring the Flow of Time: The Works of James A. Ford, 1935‐1941: James A. Ford and the Growth of Americanist Archaeology
Authors: Redmond Brian G. 
Published: December 2004

Measuring the Flow of Time: The Works of James A. Ford, 1935‐1941. Michael J. O'Brien and R. Lee Lyman. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1999. 582 pp.James A. Ford and the Growth of Americanist Archaeology. Michael J. O'Brien and R. Lee Lyman. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1998.377 pp.
Historical Archaeologies of Global Capitalism and Colonization
Authors: Mullins Paul R. 
Published: December 2004

The Historical Archaeology of Buenos Aires:. City at the End of the World. Daniel Schavelzon. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2000. 187 pp.Domestic Architecture and Power: The Historical Archaeology of Colonial Ecuador. Ross W. Jamieson. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2000. 244 pp.Historical Archaeology in Wachovia: Excavating Eighteenth‐ Century Bethabara and Moravian Pottery. Stanley South. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 1999. 442 pp.Historical Archaeology of the Ottoman Empire: Breaking New Ground. Uzi Baram and Lynda Carroll. eds. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2000. 272 pp.
Bamana Identity, State Formation, and the Sources of Bamana Art
Authors: Brett‐Smith Sarah C. 
Published: December 2004

Bamana: The Art of Existence in Mali. Museum for African Art, New York. September 19, 2001—March 2, 2002.Bamana: The Art of Existence in Mali. Jean‐Paul Colleyn. ed. New York: Museum for African Art, in association with Museum Rietberg and Snoek‐Ducaju and Zoon, 2001. 263 pp.
Japan's Alternative Modernity in a Globalizing World
Authors: Mathews Gordon 
Published: December 2004

Japan and Its Others: Globalization, Difference, and the Critique of Modernity. John Clammer. Japanese Society Series. Melbourne: Trans Pacific Press, 2001. 272 pp.Individual Dignity in Modern Japanese Thought: The Evolution of the Concept of Jinkaku in Moral and Educational Discourse. Kyoko Inoue. Ann Arbor: Center for Japanese Studies, University of Michigan, 2001. 262 pp.Hegemony of Homogeneity: An Anthropological Analysis of Nihonjinron. Harumi Befu. Japanese Society Series. Melbourne: Trans Pacific Press, 2001. 181 pp.
Recent Theory in Highland New Guinea
Authors: Poyer Lin 
Published: December 2004

Identity Work: Constructing Pacific Lives. Pamela J. Stewart and Andrew Strathern. eds. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2000. 216 pp.Arrow Talk: Transaction, Transition, and Contradiction in New Guinea Highlands History. Andrew Strathern and Pamela J. Stewart. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 2000. 216 pp.Humors and Substances: Ideas of the Body in New Guinea. Pamela J. Stewart and Andrew Strathern. with contributions by Ien Courtens and Dianne van Oosterhout. Westport, CT: Bergin and Garvey, 2001. 156 pp.
Reasoning with an Attitude: Johannes Fabian's Ecstatic Trek
Authors: Herzfeld Michael 
Published: December 2004

Out of Our Minds: Reason and Madness in the Exploration of Central Africa. Johannes Fabian. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000. 320 pp.Anthropology with an Attitude: Critical Essays. Johannes Fabian. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. 356 pp.
Substructure Analysis in Heavily Deformed Materialsby Diffraction Methods
Authors: Klimanek P. , Klemm V. , Motylenko M. , Romanov A. E. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractPlastic deformation of metallic materials up to large strains is, in many cases, characterised by the activation of different deformation modes and the formation of complicated, locally inhomogeneous substructures, which give rise to both significant lattice strains and rotations. A suitable tool for the investigation of the microstructures is a combination of diffraction techniques as, for instance, electron microscopy (TEM; EBSD) and X‐ray diffractometry. In order to demonstrate the potential of the diffraction analysis the following procedures are considered: Evaluation of radial and azimuthal broadening of X‐ray diffraction peaks, EBSD analysis of block structures, and TEM identification of disclination arrangements in compressed Fe–Si and Ni single crystals.
Poled Sol–Gel Materials With Heterocycle Push–Pull Chromophores that Confer Enhanced Second‐Order Optical Nonlinearity
Authors: Brusatin G. , Abbotto A. , Beverina L. , Pagani G. A. , Casalboni M. , Sarcinelli F. , Innocenzi P. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractHybrid organic–inorganic materials doped with zwitterionic push–pull chromophores with high hyperpolarizability have been synthesized by a sol–gel procedure. A large chromophore concentration was reached by using N‐(hydroxyethyl)carbazole as a physical spacer (preventing the dye aggregation). Spin‐coated doped films were electrically poled and second harmonic generation measurements performed in situ. During the thermally assisted poling under a N2 atmosphere, only the carbazole molecules degraded. Second‐harmonic generation measurements gave an estimation of the nonlinear coefficient, r33, of 38 pm V–1 at 1064 nm.
Diastereoselective Intramolecular Temporary Silicon‐Tethered Rhodium‐Catalyzed [4 + 2 + 2] Cycloisomerization Reactions: Regiospecific Incorporation of Substituted 1,3‐Butadienes.
Authors: Evans P. Andrew , Baum Erich W. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Preparation of O‐Alkylhydroxamic Acids Using 2‐Acylpyridazin‐3(2H)‐ones in Water.
Authors: Kim Jeum‐Jong , Park Yong‐Dae , Cho Su‐Dong , Kim Ho‐Kyun , Kang Young‐Jin , Lee Sang‐Gyeong , Falck J. R. , Shiro Motoo , Yoon Yong‐Jin 
Published: December 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Facile, Efficient and Chemoselective Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed Isomerization of 2‐Vinylidenehydrofurans into Valuable Functionalized 1,3‐Dienes.
Authors: Wavrin Laurence , Nicolas Cyril , Viala Jacques , Rodriguez Jean 
Published: December 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
7‐Substituted 2‐Phenyl‐benzofurans as ERβ Selective Ligands.
Authors: Collini Michael D. , Kaufman David H. , Manas Eric S. , Harris Heather A. , Henderson Ruth A. , Xu Zhang B. , Unwalla Rayomand J. , Miller Chris P. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Silica‐Supported 1,3‐Dibromo‐5,5‐dimethylhydantoin (DBH) as a Useful Reagent for Microwave‐Assisted Aromatization of 1,3,5‐Trisubstituted Pyrazolines under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Azarifar Davood , Zolfigol Mohammad Ali , Maleki Behrooz 
Published: December 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chemistry of Diazocarbonyl Compounds. Part 10. Chemoselective O‐Alkylation of 3(2H)‐Oxoisothiazole‐1,1‐dioxides with the Use of Rh(II)‐Carbenoids.
Authors: Schulze B. , Nikolaev Vs. V. , Hennig L. , Rodina L. L. , Sieler J. , Nikolaev V. A. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Substituted Pyridines via the Vilsmeier—Haack Reaction of Acyclic Ketene‐S,S‐acetals.
Authors: Sun Shaoguang , Liu Yingchun , Liu Qun , Zhao Yulong , Dong Dewen 
Published: December 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A General Approach to (5S,6R)‐6‐Alkyl‐5‐benzyloxy‐2‐piperidinones: Application to the Asymmetric Syntheses of Neurokinin Substance P Receptor Antagonist (‐)‐L‐733,061 and (‐)‐Deoxocassine.
Authors: Liu Liang‐Xian , Ruan Yuan‐Ping , Guo Zheng‐Qing , Huang Pei‐Qiang 
Published: December 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Derivatives of 8‐Cyano‐6‐ethoxycarbonyl‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine and 9‐Alkoxycarbonyl (or 9‐Carboxy)‐3‐ethoxycarbonyl‐2‐methyl‐10H‐benzo [b]‐1,8‐naphthyridine‐5‐one from the Reaction of 2‐Chloro‐5‐ethoxycarbonyl‐6‐methylnicotinonitrile with Amino Acids.
Authors: Deyanov A. B. , Konshin M. E. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Studies on Novel Synthetic Methodologies. Part 41. An Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of Pyrano‐ and Furoquinolines Employing Two Reusable Solid Acids as Heterogeneous Catalysts.
Authors: Srinivas K. V. N. S. , Das Biswanath 
Published: December 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
CDK1‐Inhibitory Activity of Paullones Depends on Electronic Properties of 9‐Substituents.
Authors: Pies Tanja , Schaper Klaus‐Juergen , Leost Maryse , Zaharevitz Daniel W. , Gussio Rick , Meijer Laurent , Kunick Conrad 
Published: December 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Derivatives of 20‐Hydroxyecdysone. Viticosterone E Synthesis.
Authors: Galyautdinov I. V. , Nazmeeva S. R. , Savchenko R. G. , Ves'kina N. A. , Nedopekin D. V. , Fatykhov A. A. , Khalilov L. M. , Odinokov V. N. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Short‐Step Synthesis of (2S,3R)‐3‐Hydroxy‐3‐methylproline, a Component of Polyoxypeptins, Using a Tandem Michael—Aldol Reaction and Optical Resolution.
Authors: Makino Kazuishi , Suzuki Tatsuya , Hamada Yasumasa 
Published: December 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Developmental expression of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 and their potential role in the histogenesis of the cerebellar cortex
Authors: Ayoub Albert E. , Cai Tian‐Quan , Kaplan Rebecca A. , Luo Jia 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe development of the cerebellar cortex depends on intrinsic genetic programs and orchestrated cell–cell/cell–matrix interactions. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteolytic enzymes that play an important role in these interactions. MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 are involved in diverse neuronal functions including migration, process extension, and synaptic plasticity. We investigated the spatiotemporal pattern of expression/activity of MMP‐2/MMP‐9 in the developing cerebellum and their role in the histogenesis of the cerebellar cortex. The levels of transcripts of MMP‐2/MMP‐9 were measured with real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. An initial decrease in MMP‐2/MMP‐9 transcripts was observed between postnatal days 3 (PD3) and PD6, and the mRNA levels remained relatively constant thereafter. Zymographic analysis revealed that the expression/activity of MMP‐2/MMP‐9 persisted longer than their transcripts; the downregulation occurred around PD9, suggesting a mechanism of translational or post‐translational regulation. The gelatinase activity was localized in the external granule layer (EGL) and the internal granule layer during PD3–PD12. The immunoreactivity of MMP‐2 was mainly localized in the EGL, the Bergmann glial fibers, and the Purkinje cell layer (PCL), whereas MMP‐9 immunoreactivity was detected intensively in the PCL and the extracellular space of the molecular layer. Expression of MMP‐9 was relatively weak in the EGL. The immunoreactivity of MMP‐2/MMP‐9 became undetectable after PD21. A similar expression pattern of MMP‐2/MMP‐9 was observed in organotypic cerebellar slice cultures. Exposure of organotypic slices to a specific MMP‐2/MMP‐9 inhibitor significantly increased the thickness of the EGL and concurrently decreased the number of migrating granule neurons in the molecular layer. Thus, MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 play a role in the postnatal cerebellar morphogenesis. J. Comp. Neurol. 481:403–415, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Individual olfactory sensory neurons project into more than one glomerulus in Xenopus laevis tadpole olfactory bulb
Authors: Nezlin Leonid P. , Schild Detlev 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAn essential step in the coding of odorants is the way olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) convey their information to the olfactory bulb. This projection determines how the specificities of OSNs are mapped onto the spatial activity patterns of the olfactory bulb (OB). Despite the fact that virtually nothing is known about how individual OSN axons project to glomeruli, it is generally believed that OSNs always project to one glomerulus each. Our recent findings in tadpoles of Xenopus laevis challenge this view. By injection of a tracer into individual OSNs, we show for the first time that axons typically project into more than one glomerulus and that they do so in a characteristic way. Upon entering the olfactory bulb, an axon bifurcates to give two primary branches. Each of these branches bifurcates again to give two subbranches, thus resulting in four subbranches per OSN. The two subbranches of each primary branch project into two different glomeruli. Variations of this characteristic innervation pattern include the innervation of three and, occasionally, one glomerulus. In any case, and independent of the number of glomeruli innervated by an OSN, each glomerulus receives at least two axonal branches of the same OSN. J. Comp. Neurol. 481:233–239, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.