bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Focusing a realist evaluation of peer support for paediatric mental health
Authors: Thompson Dean M. , Bernard Mark , Maxfield Bob , Halsall Tanya , Mathers Jonathan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objective
Mental health problems are a leading and increasing cause of health-related burden in children across the world. Peer support interventions are increasingly used to meet this need using the lived experience of people with a history of mental health problems. However, much of the research underpinning this work has focused on adults, leaving a gap in knowledge about how these complex interventions may work for different children in different circumstances. Realist research may help us to understand how such complex interventions may trigger different mechanisms to produce different outcomes in children. This paper reports on an important first step in realist research, namely the construction of an embryonic initial programme theory to help ‘focus’ realist evaluation exploring how children’s peer support services work in different contexts to produce different outcomes in the West Midlands (UK).

Methods
A survey and preliminary semi-structured realist interviews were conducted with 10 people involved in the delivery of peer support services. Realist analysis was carried out to produce context-mechanism-outcome configurations (CMOC).

Results
Analysis produced an initial programme theory of peer support for children’s mental health. This included 12 CMOCs. Important outcomes identified by peer support staff included hope, service engagement, wellbeing, resilience, and confidence; each generated by different mechanisms including contextualisation of psychoeducation, navigating barriers to accessing services, validation, skill development, therapeutic relationship, empowerment, and reducing stigma.

Conclusion
These data lay the groundwork for designing youth mental health realist research to evaluate with nuance the complexities of what components of peer support work for whom in varying circumstances.
No Sex Differences in Mechanical Thrombectomy Time Metrics and Outcomes in Saskatchewan
Authors: Ospel Johanna M. , Kashani Nima , Singh Nishita , Zhou Amy , Cimflova Petra , Kappelhof Manon , Liu Eva , Pendleton Nicole , Marciniuk Kristen , Toyota Patrick , Newton Braedon , Persad Amit , Holodinsky Jessalyn , Yang Lotus , Perlau Michaela , Abdalrahman Sarah , Gardner Aaron , Cooley Regan , Wasyliw Sanchea , Graham Brett R. , Ganesh Aravind , Hunter Gary , Whelan Ruth , Ahmed Uzair , Kelly Michael E. , Peeling Lissa 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT:Background and Purpose:Numerous studies have shown longer pre-hospital and in-hospital workflow times and poorer outcomes in women after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in general and after endovascular treatment (EVT) in particular. We investigated sex differences in acute stroke care of EVT patients over 5 years in a comprehensive Canadian provincial registry.Methods:Clinical data of all AIS patients who underwent EVT between January 2017 and December 2022 in the province of Saskatchewan were captured in the Canadian OPTIMISE registry and supplemented with patient data from administrative data sources. Patient baseline characteristics, transport time metrics, and technical EVT outcomes between female and male EVT patients were compared.Results:Three-hundred-three patients underwent EVT between 2017 and 2022: 144 (47.5%) women and 159 (52.5%) men. Women were significantly older (median age 77.5 [interquartile range: 66–85] vs.71 [59–78], p < 0.001), while men had more intracranial internal carotid artery occlusions (48/159 [30.2%] vs. 26/142 [18.3%], p = 0.03). Last-known-well to comprehensive stroke center (CSC)-arrival time (median 232 min [interquartile range 90–432] in women vs. 230 min [90–352] in men), CSC-arrival-to-reperfusion time (median 108 min [88–149] in women vs. 102 min [77–141] in men), reperfusion status (successful reperfusion 106/142 [74.7%] in women vs. 117/158 [74.1%] in men) as well as modified Rankin score at 90 days did not differ significantly. This held true after adjusting for baseline variables in multivariable analyses.Conclusion:While women undergoing EVT in the province of Saskatchewan were on average older than men, they were treated just as fast and achieved similar technical and clinical outcomes compared to men.
The RBA (Reserve Bank of Australia) Review 2023: A missed opportunity
Authors: Quiggin John 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe 2022–2023 review of the Reserve Bank of Australia, published in March 2023, was a missed opportunity to reconsider the currently dominant framework for monetary policy. This framework, based on strong central bank independence and reliance on adjustments to central bank interest rates to achieve a 2–3% inflation target, has performed poorly at a global level and is no longer sustainable. A new framework, accepting a higher average rate of inflation and taking explicit account of the objectives of full employment and economic prosperity, is needed.
Heterogeneity in precision oncology
Authors: Tomasik Bartłomiej , Garbicz Filip , Braun Marcin , Bieńkowski Michał , Jassem Jacek 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Precision oncology is a rapidly evolving concept that holds great promise in cancer treatment. However, a cancer complexity attributed to genomic and acquired tumour heterogeneity limits treatment effectiveness and increases toxicity. These limitations refer to both systemic therapies and radiotherapy, which are two mainstays of non-invasive cancer treatment. By understanding cancer heterogeneity and utilising advanced tools to personalise treatment strategies, precision oncology has the potential to revolutionise cancer care. In this article, we review the current status of precision oncology in solid tumours, specifically focusing on the impact of tumour heterogeneity and genomic patient features on systemic therapies and radiation. We also discuss the implementation of novel tools, such as next-generation sequencing and liquid biopsies, to overcome this problem.
Ten2Twenty-Ghana: a randomised controlled trial on the efficacy of multiple micronutrient-fortified biscuits on the micronutrient status of adolescent girls
Authors: Azupogo Fusta , Abizari Abdul-Razak , Feskens Edith J. M. , Verhoef Hans , Brouwer Inge D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAdolescent girls are an important target group for micronutrient interventions particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa where adolescent pregnancy and micronutrient deficiencies are common. When consumed in sufficient amounts and at levels appropriate for the population, fortified foods may be a useful strategy for this group, but little is known about their effectiveness and timing (regarding menarche), particularly in resource-poor environments. We evaluated the effect of consuming multiple micronutrient-fortified biscuits (MMB), sold in the Ghanaian market, 5 d/week for 26 weeks compared with unfortified biscuits (UB) on the micronutrient status of female adolescents. We also explored to what extent the intervention effect varied before or after menarche. Ten2Twenty-Ghana was a 26-week double-blind, randomised controlled trial among adolescent girls aged 10–17 years (n621) in the Mion District, Ghana. Biomarkers of micronutrient status included concentrations of Hb, plasma ferritin (PF), soluble transferrin receptor (TfR) and retinol-binding protein (RBP), including body-iron stores. Intention-to-treat analysis was supplemented by protocol-specific analysis. We found no effect of the intervention on PF, TfR and RBP. MMB consumption did not affect anaemia and micronutrient deficiencies at the population level. MMB consumption increased the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency by 6·2 % (95 % CI (0·7, 11·6)) among pre-menarche girls when adjusted for baseline micronutrient status, age and height-for-ageZ-score, but it decreased the prevalence of deficient/low vitamin A status by −9·6 % (95 % CI (−18·9, −0·3)) among post-menarche girls. Consuming MMB available in the market did not increase iron status in our study, but reduced the prevalence of deficient/low vitamin A status in post-menarcheal girls.
THE STATUS OF GAZA AS OCCUPIED TERRITORY UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW
Authors: Jaber Safaa Sadi , Bantekas Ilias 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe traditional effective control test for determining the existence of a belligerent occupation requires boots on the ground. However, the evolution of the international law of occupation and the emergence of complex situations, particularly of a technological nature, necessitate a functional approach that protects the rights of occupied populations. The political, historical and geographical conditions of Gaza allow Israel to exert effective remote control. Despite the disengagement of Israel from Gaza in 2005 and the assumption of military and political authority by Hamas, this article argues that Israel nonetheless continues to be in effective occupation of the Gaza Strip on the basis of the following grounds: (1) the relatively small size of Gaza in connection with the technological superiority of the Israeli air force allows Israeli boots to be present in Gaza within a reasonable response time; (2) Hamas's authority and armed resistance do not impede the status of occupation; (3) the long pre-disengagement occupation and close proximity between Israel and Gaza (geography) allow for the remote exercise of effective control; and (4) all imports, exports in and out of Gaza, and any movement of persons are fully controlled and regulated by Israel.
The fragility index: how robust are the outcomes of head and neck cancer randomised, controlled trials?
Authors: Suresh Neeraj V , Go Beatrice C , Fritz Christian G , Harris Jacob , Ahluwalia Vinayak , Xu Katherine , Lu Joseph , Rajasekaran Karthik 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe fragility index represents the minimum number of patients required to convert an outcome from statistically significant to insignificant. This report assesses the fragility index of head and neck cancer randomised, controlled trials.MethodsStudies were extracted from PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Embase and Cochrane databases.ResultsOverall, 123 randomised, controlled trials were included. The sample size and fragility index medians (interquartile ranges) were 103 (56–213) and 2 (0–5), respectively. The fragility index exceeded the number of patients lost to follow up in 42.3 per cent (n = 52) of studies. A higher fragility index correlated with higher sample size (r = 0.514, p < 0.001), number of events (r = 0.449, p < 0.001) and statistical significance via p-value (r = −0.367, p < 0.001).ConclusionHead and neck cancer randomised, controlled trials demonstrated low fragility index values, in which statistically significant results could be nullified by altering the outcomes of just two patients, on average. Future head and neck oncology randomised, controlled trials should report the fragility index in order to provide insight into statistical robustness.
Impact of Sharing Dance Older Adults on Physical and Psychosocial Outcomes
Authors: Sodums Devin J. , Kim Sophia , Gallucci Christina E. , Natadiria Marsha , Bar Rachel , Gardner Sandra , Tafler Melissa 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDance for older adults is increasingly being used to support health and well-being. While dance may be enjoyable for many, understanding its benefits for those with limited physical and cognitive abilities may provide further support for how dance may be used in these contexts. This was a study of Sharing Dance Older Adults, a dance program with remotely streamed sessions. Data were collected from 48 older adults who took part in the On Your Feet version of the program, and from 38 who took part in the In Your Seat version. Measures included interviews, physical fitness tests and surveys on mood, quality of life, and program satisfaction. Physical fitness significantly improved for both groups, unlike for mood, social well-being, or quality of life. This contrasts with qualitative findings, with participants reporting how the program enhanced their mood, social interactions, and quality of life.
Enhancing domestic consumption to deliver food security in a volatile world
Authors: Willer David F. , Aldridge David C. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Non-technical summary
Global conflicts and the pandemic reveal the risks of food import reliance. In the UK, pandemic, Brexit, and Ukraine war caused food price spikes. To bolster food security, the UK needs to produce and consume more domestically, including nutrient-rich bivalve mollusks. Current mollusk exports hinder domestic food sources. Promoting domestic consumption through convenient, attractive products and taxing unhealthy processed foods can help. Reducing reliance on food trade is crucial amid global instability and climate change. The UK's mollusk export issues illustrate food security risks of excessive reliance on international trade.

Technical summary
Here we examine the critical issue of food security in the context of international volatility, emphasizing the risks associated with an excessive reliance on food trade. The UK's experience with disruptions caused by the pandemic, Brexit, and the Ukraine war, resulting in a significant surge in food prices, serves as a pertinent case study. The research underscores the potential benefits of increasing domestic food production and consumption to enhance resilience against global events. The UK's current production, export, and import statistics are analyzed, with a particular focus on the fish and seafood sector. The study highlights the bivalve mollusk industry, such as blue mussels, as an example of an underutilized domestic resource. Bivalve mollusks are rich in essential micronutrients, yet their consumption in the UK is low compared to other countries. We propose strategies to boost domestic demand, including incorporating bivalve meat into processed food products, utilizing advanced technologies to improve taste and texture, and government intervention through taxes on unhealthy processed foods to promote better nutritional profiles. In summary, the study emphasizes the need for greater self-sufficiency in food production to mitigate vulnerabilities resulting from an overreliance on food trade in the context of international conflicts and climate change.

Social media summary
Failure to effectively utilize domestic food resources and overreliance on trade threatens food security in an increasingly volatile world.
Exploring chemical control of 2,4-D–resistant wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) with auxin-related compounds
Authors: Goggin Danica , Taylor Candy , Busi Roberto , Sayer Chad , Wells Andrew , Slatter Mark , Flower Ken 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSynthetic auxin herbicides were developed and commercialized 60 yr before their mode of action was definitively elucidated. Although evolution of resistance to auxinic herbicides proceeded more slowly than for some other herbicide chemistries, it has become a major problem in the dicotyledonous weeds of many cropping areas of the world. With the molecular characterization of the auxin perception and signaling pathway in the mid-2000s came a greater understanding of how auxinic herbicides work, and how resistance may develop in weeds subjected to repeated selection with these herbicides. In wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) populations in southern Australia, resistance to multiple herbicides, including synthetic auxins such as 2,4-D, has reduced the number of chemical control options available. The aim of this study was to determine whether compounds involved in auxin biosynthesis, transport, and signaling are able to synergize with 2,4-D and increase its ability to control 2,4-D–resistant R. raphanistrum populations. Although some mild synergism was observed with a few compounds (abscisic acid, cyclanilide, tryptamine), the response was not large or consistent enough to warrant further study. Similarly, alternative auxinic herbicides applied pre- or postemergence were no more effective than 2,4-D. Therefore, while use of auxinic herbicides continues to increase due to the adoption of transgenic resistant crops, nonchemical control techniques will become more important, and chemical control of 2,4-D–resistant R. raphanistrum should be undertaken with alternative modes of action, using mixtures and good stewardship to delay the development of resistance for as long as possible.
Dynamic functional connectivity changes associated with psychiatric traits and cognitive deficits in Cushing’s disease
Authors: Feng Zhebin , Zhang Haitao , Zhou Tao , Yu Xinguang , Zhang Yanyang , Yan Xinyuan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCushing’s disease is a rare neuroendocrine disorder with excessive endogenous cortisol, impaired cognition, and psychiatric symptoms. Evidence from resting-state fMRI revealed the abnormalities of static brain connectivity in patients with Cushing’s disease (CD patients). However, it is unknown whether the CD patients’ dynamic functional connectivity would be abnormal and whether the dynamic features are associated with deficits in cognition and psychopathological symptoms. Here, we evaluated 50 patients with Cushing’s disease and 57 healthy participants by using resting-state fMRI and dynamic functional connectivity (dFNC) approach. We focused on the dynamic features of default mode network (DMN), salience network (SN), and central executive network (CEN) because these are binding sites for the cognitive-affective process, as well as vital in understanding the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. The dFNC was further clustered into four states by k-mean clustering. CD patients showed more dwell time in State 1 but less time in State 4. Intriguingly, group differences in dwell time in these two states can explain the cognitive deficits of CD patients. Moreover, the inter-network connections between DMN and SN and the engagement time in State 4 negatively correlated with anxiety and depression but positively correlated with cognitive performance. Finally, the classifier trained by the dynamic features of these networks successfully classified CD patients from healthy participants. Together, our study revealed the dynamic features of CD patients’ brains and found their associations with impaired cognition and emotional symptoms, which may open new avenues for understanding the cognitive and affective deficits induced by Cushing’s disease.
The proton channel OTOP1 is a sensor for the taste of ammonium chloride
Authors: Liang Ziyu , Wilson Courtney E. , Teng Bochuan , Kinnamon Sue C. , Liman Emily R. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAmmonium (NH4+), a breakdown product of amino acids that can be toxic at high levels, is detected by taste systems of organisms ranging from C. elegans to humans and has been used for decades in vertebrate taste research. Here we report that OTOP1, a proton-selective ion channel expressed in sour (Type III) taste receptor cells (TRCs), functions as sensor for ammonium chloride (NH4Cl). Extracellular NH4Cl evoked large dose-dependent inward currents in HEK-293 cells expressing murine OTOP1 (mOTOP1), human OTOP1 and other species variants of OTOP1, that correlated with its ability to alkalinize the cell cytosol. Mutation of a conserved intracellular arginine residue (R292) in the mOTOP1 tm 6-tm 7 linker specifically decreased responses to NH4Cl relative to acid stimuli. Taste responses to NH4Cl measured from isolated Type III TRCs, or gustatory nerves were strongly attenuated or eliminated in an Otop1−/− mouse strain. Behavioral aversion of mice to NH4Cl, reduced in Skn-1a−/− mice lacking Type II TRCs, was entirely abolished in a double knockout with Otop1. These data together reveal an unexpected role for the proton channel OTOP1 in mediating a major component of the taste of NH4Cl and a previously undescribed channel activation mechanism.
The USP46 deubiquitylase complex increases Wingless/Wnt signaling strength by stabilizing Arrow/LRP6
Authors: Spencer Zachary T. , Ng Victoria H. , Benchabane Hassina , Siddiqui Ghalia Saad , Duwadi Deepesh , Maines Ben , Bryant Jamal M. , Schwarzkopf Anna , Yuan Kai , Kassel Sara N. , Mishra Anant , Pimentel Ashley , Lebensohn Andres M. , Rohatgi Rajat , Gerber Scott A. , Robbins David J. , Lee Ethan , Ahmed Yashi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe control of Wnt receptor abundance is critical for animal development and to prevent tumorigenesis, but the mechanisms that mediate receptor stabilization remain uncertain. We demonstrate that stabilization of the essential Wingless/Wnt receptor Arrow/LRP6 by the evolutionarily conserved Usp46-Uaf1-Wdr20 deubiquitylase complex controls signaling strength in Drosophila. By reducing Arrow ubiquitylation and turnover, the Usp46 complex increases cell surface levels of Arrow and enhances the sensitivity of target cells to stimulation by the Wingless morphogen, thereby increasing the amplitude and spatial range of signaling responses. Usp46 inactivation in Wingless-responding cells destabilizes Arrow, reduces cytoplasmic accumulation of the transcriptional coactivator Armadillo/β-catenin, and attenuates or abolishes Wingless target gene activation, which prevents the concentration-dependent regulation of signaling strength. Consequently, Wingless-dependent developmental patterning and tissue homeostasis are disrupted. These results reveal an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that mediates Wnt/Wingless receptor stabilization and underlies the precise activation of signaling throughout the spatial range of the morphogen gradient.
Viral kinetics of sequential SARS-CoV-2 infections
Authors: Kissler Stephen M. , Hay James A. , Fauver Joseph R. , Mack Christina , Tai Caroline G. , Anderson Deverick J. , Ho David D. , Grubaugh Nathan D. , Grad Yonatan H. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe impact of a prior SARS-CoV-2 infection on the progression of subsequent infections has been unclear. Using a convenience sample of 94,812 longitudinal RT-qPCR measurements from anterior nares and oropharyngeal swabs, we identified 71 individuals with two well-sampled SARS-CoV-2 infections between March 11th, 2020, and July 28th, 2022. We compared the SARS-CoV-2 viral kinetics of first vs. second infections in this group, adjusting for viral variant, vaccination status, and age. Relative to first infections, second infections usually featured a faster clearance time. Furthermore, a person’s relative (rank-order) viral clearance time, compared to others infected with the same variant, was roughly conserved across first and second infections, so that individuals who had a relatively fast clearance time in their first infection also tended to have a relatively fast clearance time in their second infection (Spearman correlation coefficient: 0.30, 95% credible interval (0.12, 0.46)). These findings provide evidence that, like vaccination, immunity from a prior SARS-CoV-2 infection shortens the duration of subsequent acute SARS-CoV-2 infections principally by reducing viral clearance time. Additionally, there appears to be an inherent element of the immune response, or some other host factor, that shapes a person’s relative ability to clear SARS-CoV-2 infection that persists across sequential infections.