bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peculiarities of the forensic examinations appointment in the investigation of criminal offenses encroaching on the economic security of Ukraine in the budgetary sphere
Authors: Vakulyk Olga 
Published: December 2023

The article examines the peculiarities of forensic examinations in the course of investigation of criminal offenses, which encroach on the economic security of the state in the budgetary sphere. The article highlights various stages of forensic examination, such as collection of necessary materials; selection of the moment of examination; determination of the subject of forensic examination; formulation of questions to the expert; selection of an expert institution or expert, and so on.
Based on the achievements of criminalists and the results of a survey of practitioners, an attempt is made to determine the list of forensic examinations which are mostly appointed in the investigation of criminal offenses, in particular, forensic economic examination, handwriting examination, technical examination of documents, computer and technical, telecommunications, commodity, video and sound recording, forensic medical, and so on. The author reveals the peculiarities of conducting some of them and outlines the typical issues which are important to resolve when investigating offenses in the budgetary sphere. While appointing and conducting an economic examination, the author emphasizes the importance of establishing not only the total losses, but also those caused by each accomplice; technical examination of documents – on the study of seal and stamp impressions, identification of printers; handwriting examination – identification of signatures and short notes is of particular importance; and so on.
In today’s context, attention is focused on the study of computer hardware and software products, as well as the study of telecommunication systems (equipment) and means for establishing the facts and methods of transmitting or receiving information in telecommunication systems, establishing the facts and methods of access to systems, resources and information in the field of telecommunications, and so on. Attention is drawn to the consultative form of use in the appointment and conduct of forensic examinations in order to avoid mistakes that delay the pre-trial investigation.
All of these achievements are confirmed by the results of statistical data and interviews with practitioners, as well as by the analysis of criminal proceedings in the mentioned category of offenses.
Analysis of terminology for identifying the risks of ensuring security and sustainability of critical information infrastructure in Ukraine
Authors: Sokiran Maksym 
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to the definition of the concept of risk in the context of ensuring safety and sustainability of critical information infrastructure in Ukraine. It has been specified that, in general, the risks, which may arise and affect critical information infrastructure objects of Ukraine, are a highly specialized subject matter of research searches. Therefore, there is no clear identification of the term «risk» in the context of the proposed public relations at the scientific level. It has been emphasized that the legislative doctrine also does not define its content and essence.
The general theoretical and legal definition of the term «risk» has been analyzed. An attempt to differentiate its characteristics as a distinct legal phenomenon from related legal categories has been made.
It has been summarized that the category of risk in the context of ensuring safety and sustainability of critical information infrastructure in Ukraine is a is a form of manifestation of danger caused by the presence of phenomena, factors, circumstances, events, etc., which can potentially have negative consequences on the course of public relations, functionality of objects or specific legally protected interests in this sphere. In addition, we have clarified that the category of threat should also be understood as a form of manifestation of danger, which is due to the presence of phenomena, factors, circumstances, events, etc., but only those that will damage safety and sustainability of critical information infrastructure in Ukraine in the future (in particular, if it is not neutralized, it will become a risk).
It has been summarized that to ensure that potential risks in the field of critical information infrastructure protection do not become an actual problem, the State, in formulating its policy in this area, should clearly define, i.e. establish at the legislative level what is a risk to critical infrastructure in general and for information one – in particular. This is necessary to develop clear methodologies for monitoring and forecasting certain risks in the future to avoid their negative effects.
Classification of international legal obligations on the rights and freedoms of convicts
Authors: Kovalyov Artem 
Published: December 2023

In the modern science of international law and European law, insufficient attention is paid to the problem of protecting the rights and freedoms of convicts, their typology. Especially in the conditions of modern threats and challenges, there are numerous violations of various categories of the population, including the vulnerable, who are in the temporarily occupied territories. This causes the attention of scientists, as well as representatives of authorized authorities, to be drawn to certain theoretical and practical problems of protecting the rights and freedoms of convicts, their varieties, effective mechanisms of protection, restoration of violated rights.
Therefore, the purpose of the article is to analyze the existing doctrinal sources and relevant approaches, criteria for the classification of international legal obligations on the rights and freedoms of convicts, to highlight their special varieties, effective mechanisms for the protection of the rights and freedoms of convicts.
There are many types of international legal obligations on the rights and freedoms of convicts, as well as criteria and approaches to their classification. Along with international legal obligations, other related categories are used in the science and practice of international law – international legal mechanisms, international legal standards. Undoubtedly, they also concern the rights and freedoms of convicts, they are interacting but not identical concepts. The analyzed classification groups of international legal mechanisms, standards and obligations to ensure the rights and freedoms of convicts are based on established approaches to the typology of human rights and freedoms, existing international legal norms and principles in this field. At the same time, the penitentiary systems of specific states, including Ukraine, are characterized by specificities, features of national legislation, national penitentiary policy, institutional and other mechanisms.
Reports of international experts and monitoring measures demonstrate certain problems in the way of fulfilling international legal obligations regarding the rights and freedoms of convicts in Ukraine. Therefore, further systematic studies of the European penitentiary concept, the best foreign practices of compliance with such obligations, decisions of the ECtHR, the strengthening of a human-centered approach in the activities of penitentiary authorities, the functioning of an effective legal system that would protect human rights and freedoms regardless of the conditions in which she stays without being discriminated against, without additional restrictions caused by the fact of isolation.
Conditions for the provision of psychiatric care under compulsion: civil law aspect
Authors: Kontarovska Mariyna 
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to the issues of compulsory psychiatric care and ensuring the legitimate rights and interests of a person suffering from mental disorders and subjected to compulsory medical measures. It is noted that the level of a person’s mental health is determined by the influence of many factors – social, biological and psychological. The analysis of current legislation and specialised literature are allowed the author to argue that the issue of mental health of people, the population as a whole, is relevant today also because humanity is faced with various stress factors which can negatively affect human health, and in particular, mental health, worsen the moral and psychological climate in the family due to illness or death of loved ones, devastating natural disasters with a huge number of victims, military conflicts, military operations, including in Ukraine, which entail huge human losses and cause suffering for many.
The author is substantiated the conclusion that compulsory psychiatric care is possible and necessary on the following grounds: the presence (assumption) of an acute mental illness or exacerbation of a chronic mental illness requiring inpatient treatment; danger of a mentally ill person to others or to himself/herself (psychomotor agitation with a tendency to aggressive actions, systematic delusional syndromes if they determine the patient’s socially dangerous behaviour, depressive states with suicidal tendencies, epileptic status, manic and hypomanic states that cause violations of public order or aggressive behaviour towards others, etc. etc.); inpatient examination (labour, military, forensic psychiatric).
Pretreatment of palm oil mill effluent (POME) for Spirulina cultivation
Authors: Basra Ilham , Silalahi Lusiana , Pratama Wahyu Diski , Joelyna Falvocha Alifsmara 
Published: December 2023

Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) is liquid waste produced from palm oil processing. The quantity of POME in Indonesia has increased from year by year. POME is not a toxic material, but it will be very dangerous if it is thrown directly without pre-processing, because it will harm the aquatic ecosystem due to its high content of COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) and BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand). POME has also a high content of nitrogen (N) and phosphor (P), which make POME can be used as medium for microalgae growth. Therefore, this research is aimed to study pretreatment and to utilize its nutrient content (N, P) for medium of spirulina growth. Pretreatment of POME research was conducted by using two stage of cultivation (Chlamydomonas and Chlorella) and dilution factor (0-4x). The result of this pretreatment was then used for Spirulina growth. Spirulina cultivation was conducted by nutrient addition and without nutrient addition. This research showed that the best performing variation of dilution rate to cultivate Spirulina is 4x dilution. It showed that 4x dilution could reduce COD content until 128.33 mg/L. Besides that, in 4x dilution, microalgae as Chlamydomonas, Chlorella, and Spirulina had the highest growth rate as compared to 2x dilution and without dilution. The best wild algae for pretreatment of POME is Chlorella. Because by using wild algae Chlorella, COD content could be reduced until 128.33 mg/L and achieve the lowest COD content compared with Chlamydomonas. For microalgae growth, addition of nutrient is better than without nutrient, because nutrient could enhance Spirulina photosynthesis.
Digitalization of Economic Security Management in Investment Security of Ukraine
Authors: Kalinin Oleksandr , Kaminsky Oleg , Teslenko Tetiana 
Published: December 2023

Introduction. The study of economic security is relevant due to strengthening competition in the world market and military conflicts, which are becoming critical tasks for the state. Studying economic security makes it possible to identify the problematic aspects of a country's economy, find solutions, and develop strategies to ensure a sustainable investment policy. The specifics of changes in organizational models associated with digitalization also transform investment management systems. The most significant digital changes affect economic security, as the high openness of companies contributes to the emergence of various threats and risks to their activities. Therefore, it is essential to study the problems related to the risks of digital transformation within the framework of economic security management in the investment provision of Ukraine.
Aim and tasks. The purpose of the study is to analyse problems and develop a recommendation for assessing the level of economic security when developing investment projects, taking into account the risks of digital transformation, for better preparation for future projects of post-war reconstruction in Ukraine.
The results. This study developed a conceptual model for assessing the level of economic security, which includes the systematization of critical indicators of economic security and the organization of ensuring end-to-end transparency of information during the implementation of investment projects for the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine based on intelligent technologies. Software for assessing economic security using machine learning methods is proposed, which will allow forecasting the state of the enterprise's economic security for the entire implementation period of the investment project.
Conclusions. This research proved that an enterprise's economic security is a complex and integral economic concept that requires studying the influence of several external and internal factors. Therefore, the established approach to assessing the state of economic security should cover all current investment processes and risks that arise in the context of the digitalization of enterprises, influencing the choice of critical indicators. Post-war reconstruction should be based on the modernization of the economy by improving the security of the business environment (reducing corruption, ensuring private property rights and strengthening the security of business activities) and the transition to a digital society.
Robert Elsie dhe gjuha shqipe
Authors: Islamaj Shefkije 
Published: December 2023

Në një intervistë të zhvilluar më 2008 e të botuar në gazetën “Shqip”1, pyetjes së bashkëbisedueses se “shumë lexues do të ishin kuriozë të dinin si ndodhi që një anglez si ju, të bëhej një nga përkthyesit më të njohur të shqipes”2, Robert Elsie i përgjigjet: “Nuk e mendoja kurrë që shqipja do të bëhej pasioni im”. Megjithëse nëntë vite para se të ndahej nga jeta kishte pohuar kështu, Robert Elsie i ishte drejtuar herët Shqipërisë, me kureshtjen e një të posadiplomuari të shkëlqyer, me dëshirën e një të riu për të vëzhguar e për të gjurmuar dhe me pasionin e një studiuesi që ngarend pas së panjohurës.
Kur Robert Elsie erdhi për herë të parë në Shqipëri, më 19783, për qëllime studimore, ai ishte asokohe 28-vjeçar dhe e dinte gjuhën shqipe, e kishte mësuar në mënyrë autodidakte. Ky vit mund të quhet si viti i fillimit të lidhjes së tij të përjetshme me shqiptarët, me gjuhën shqipe, me letërsinë, me historinë, me kulturën shqiptare. Ata që e kanë njohur asokohe thonë se që atëherë ai “fliste shqip me një fjalor jo shumë të pasur, por i shqiptonte shumë saktë të gjitha zanoret e bashkëtingëlloret e gjuhës sonë dhe nuk mund ta dalloje se cila ishte gjuha e tij amtare”4. Ai njihte mirë, pos gjuhës se tij amtare, gjermanishtes, edhe gjuhë të tjera, si anglishten, frëngjishten, keltishten, italishten, serbishten etj.
How to Improve Critical Thinking in Physics Learning? A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Ubaidillah Mujib , Hartono Hartono , Marwoto Putut , Wiyanto Wiyanto , Subali Bambang 
Published: December 2023

COME MIGLIORARE IL PENSIERO CRITICO NELL’APPRENDIMENTO DELLA FISICA? UNA REVISIONE SISTEMATICA DELLA LETTERATURA Abstract Critical thinking skills are essential skills needed in the 21st century. Critical thinking skills can be trained in students through student-centered learning. Through a literature review, this research aims to determine learning models that can improve critical thinking skills in physics. Data collection was based on Scopus and Google Scholar database sources. This type of document comes from journal articles with the keywords «critical thinking», «learning models», and «physics learning» from the years (2011-2021). The literature review used procedures adapted from PRISMA. Documents published are based on predetermined content analysis criteria, including year of publication, author, article source, learning model, physics material topic, research subject, education level, and assessment. Inquiry learning and the higher-order thinking laboratory (HOT Lab) dominate the learning models used to improve critical thinking skills. The critical skills indicators used vary. Indicators of critical thinking skills. Self-regulated learning is rarely used in research instruments compared to other indicators of critical thinking skills. The instruments used are multiple-choice, essays, worksheets, and observation sheets. Research respondents at the university level are often used in studies of critical thinking skills. Fluid mechanics is a topic that is often used in research. This research contributes to improving students’ critical thinking skills through various recommended learning models. Research findings show that student-centered learning models can improve critical thinking skills.
Quality and Image Processing Analysis versus Radiation Dose in Hip Radiographic Examinations
Authors: Claus V. T.  , Baumhardt T.  , De Mello S.  , Soares F. A.  
Published: December 2023

Aims: Evaluate the quality and processing of images in hip radiographic examinations.
Study Design: Six combinations of exposure techniques commonly used in clinical practice were used, keeping the voltage (kVp) value constant, varying only the current and time relationship (mA.s).
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Radiodiagnosis Laboratory of the Radiology and Medical Physics graduation courses at the Franciscan University (UFN), as part of the research developed during the Image Processing course in the second semester of 2023.
Methodology: Image acquisition and radiation dose measurement were performed using clinical radiographic equipment and a model resembling hip anatomy, along with a dosimetric system to quantify radiation dose at the entrance surface (ESAK). The captured images were digitized through a computerized radiography (CR) system, enabling quantitative analysis using histograms and Regions of Interest (ROI) in anatomical structures relevant for diagnosis. Signal and noise values were evaluated, allowing the determination of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and radiographic contrast (CR).
Results: The results revealed significant differences among the various techniques employed. Some images displayed lower SNR, ranging from 8.14% to 15.60%, yet with higher CR, varying between 5.48% and 22.29%. Remarkably, one technique (70 kVp with 16 mA.s) demonstrated the best cost-benefit relationship, reducing radiation exposure by 48.7% (from 6.32 to 3.24 mGy) with minimal reduction in SNR, less than 10%, and a 5.47% increase in CR.
Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance for radiology professionals seeking imaging techniques that guarantee high diagnostic quality with minimal patient exposure. Prioritizing safer and more effective radiological practices is essential for delivering quality healthcare services.
Growth and Instability Analysis of Sugar Exports from India
Authors: Bhopala Upasana D. , Faldu S. M. , Dhandhalya M. G. 
Published: December 2023

Aims: To work out growth trends and instability in export of sugar and jaggery from India
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Agricultural Economics, Junagadh Agricultural University (between June 2018 and July 2020).
Methodology: The present study focused on analyzing the growth and instability in sugar and jaggery export quantity, value and unit value as well for the period from 1996-97 to 2005-06. Exponential growth model and Cuddy-Della index used for growth and instability analysis, respectively.
Results: study results indicate a notable annual growth rate in sugar export from India, specifically at 17.42, 23.44 and 5.13 per cent for quantity, value and unit value, respectively during the time span from1996-97 to 2018-19. Similarly, jaggery export also followed a comparable trend However, the export of both sugar and jaggery exhibited high volatility, attributed to low production levels during years of scarcity.
Conclusion: The potential for expanding sugar and jaggery exports is considerable, contingent upon enhancing quality to meet the specific requirements of importing nations. Jaggery, renowned for its nutritional value, warrants increased domestic consumption, thereby contributing to the augmentation of sugarcane farm income.
Evaluation of Blackgram Genotypes for their Drought Tolerance at Seedling and Vegetative Phase
Authors: Prasad V. B. R. , Sumathi A. , Senthil A. , Rajasekar R. 
Published: December 2023

Aim: To screen and identify blackgram genotypes for drought tolerance at seedlings and vegetative stage.
Study Design: Completely randomized complete block design.
Place of Study: National Pulses Research Centre (NPRC), Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Vamban, Pudukkottai District.
Methodology: Laboratory experiments was conducted at NPRC, Vamban. Twenty-Five blackgram varieties were used for this study. For screening at seedling stage, the treatments were T1 - Control – Water (0 Mpa) and T2 - PEG 6000 induced drought stress (-0.5 MPa). Blackgram seeds were germinated in water and PEG 6000 solution (-0.5 MPa). On the eighth day various seedling growth indices were recorded. For pot culture experiments, the two treatments were imposed T1 – Control and T2 – Drought stress (50% Field capacity) after the appearance of two trifoliate leaves by gravimetric approach. The stress was imposed for five days. At the end of fifth day, growth parameters, relative water content and leaf chlorophyll content was recorded. Two-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data.
Results: In blackgram, drought stress at seedling stage affects the seedling germination, establishment and its growth indices. At vegetative stage, drought stress negatively affects the plant growth, leaf area, leaf relative water content and chlorophyll content. Among the blackgram genotypes screened, the genotypes VBG 11031 and VBG 1711 were found to be tolerant to PEG 6000 induced drought stress at seedling stage. At vegetative stage, the genotypes VBG 11062, VBG 11024 and VBG 1725 were tolerant to drought stress at vegetative stage.
Conclusion: Present study concluded that the blackgram genotypes VBG 11031, VBG 1711, VBG 11062, VBG 11024 and VBG 1725 were found to be tolerant to drought stress at seedling and vegetative stage.