bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When Bankers Go to Hail: Insights into Fed–Bank Interactions from Taxi Data
Authors: Bradley Daniel , Finer David Andrew , Gustafson Matthew , Williams Jared 
Published: December 2023

We introduce taxi ridership between the Federal Reserve (Fed) Bank of New York and large financial institutions headquartered in New York City as a novel proxy for Fed–bank face-to-face interactions. We document a negative relation between past Fed–bank interactions and future stock market returns, particularly on days around the Fed’s public announcements. We also find significantly elevated Fed–bank interactions immediately following the lifting of the Federal Open Market Committee blackout. Our findings suggest that the Fed increases its information gathering via face-to-face interactions when it possesses negative private information about the condition of the economy. This paper was accepted by Agostino Capponi, finance. Funding: This work was supported by the Muma College of Business Center for Analytics and Creativity at the University South Florida, the George Stigler Center for the Study of the Economy and the State, the Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation, the University of Chicago Booth School of Business, the Liew Fama-Miller Fellowship, and the Fischer Black Fellowship. Supplemental Material: Data and the online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4885 .
Automatic measurement system for large-aperture-angle non-holonomic spherical stitching with laser differential confocal interference
Authors: Yang Zheng , Yang Shuai , Zhao Jiahao , Tang Liang , Cui Jian , Wang Yun , Qiu Lirong , Zhao Weiqian 
Published: December 2023

In response to the urgent need for highly precise and efficient stitching measurements of large-aperture-angle non-holonomic spherical surfaces, a differential confocal interference automatic stitching measurement system for large-aperture-angle non-holonomic spherical surfaces was developed. The system realizes precise positioning of the confocal position through differential confocal precise focusing technology. Through the stitching model, coordinate transformation and error compensation were performed on subaperture data, and the stitching measurement of the spherical surface shape was realized. The positions and postures of the tested samples were adjusted automatically using an automatic adjustment workbench. The stitching measurement accuracy of this measurement system can attain 0.0013λ, relative error can attain 1.36%, and measurement time for eight subaperture stitching is 6 min. This system achieves automatic and rapid adjustment of large-aperture-angle spherical elements and high-precision, nondestructive, fast, and automatic measurement of surface stitching.
Deterministic passive optical networking
Authors: Christodoulopoulos Kostas , Bidkar Sarvesh , Lautenschlaeger Wolfram , Pfeiffer Thomas , Bonk Rene 
Published: December 2023

A time-division-multiplexed (TDM) passive optical network (PON) that behaves like multiple point-to-point (P2P) links can support applications with stringent timing requirements while also maintaining the cost benefits of the point-to-multipoint (P2MP) topology. This requires the TDM-PON to provide deterministic performance: lossless transmission and low and constant (with low variations/jitter) latency to selected flows, while also serving other, e.g., best-effort, traffic flows. We demonstrate two approaches for providing deterministic performance over a TDM-PON. In the first approach, we operate the PON asynchronously to its clients and use scheduling that provides upstream bursts at a low and constant period. Jitter compensator gateways (JC GWs) are used to compensate for the jitter introduced by the non-matching PON bursts and the input traffic cycles. In the latter approach, we implement a deterministic dynamic bandwidth allocation (detDBA) process that controls the placement of bursts at each PON frame for selected transmission containers (T-CONTs) that correspond to flows with given traffic profiles. We synchronize and co-schedule the PON with the rest of the network and applications to provide deterministic performance to those flows. As a use case, we study the communication of industrial applications over the deterministic PON system and demonstrate latency below 100 µs and sub-µs packet latency jitter for the industrial flows, while at the same time serving best-effort traffic flows.
Experiment and theory of the complex refractive index of dense colloidal media
Authors: Speets Peter N. A. , Kalkman Jeroen 
Published: December 2023

The complex refractive index is analyzed by measuring its scattering attenuationμs, group indexng, and group velocity dispersion (GVD) for 100 nm diameter silica nanoparticles dispersed in water. The experiments were performed for wavelengths between 410 nm and 930 nm. The experimental results were compared with different mixing models for the complex refractive index of colloidal suspensions. The group index linearly scaled with the volume fraction both in experiment and for all tested models. It was found that the GVD has a nonlinear dependence on volume fraction in agreement with the coupled dipole model of Parolaet al.[J. Chem. Phys.141,124902(2014)JCPSA60021-960610.1063/1.4895961] The scattering attenuation is in good agreement with both the coupled dipole model and the low frequency quasi-crystalline approximation [J. Electromagn. Waves Appl.2,757(1988)JEWAE50920-507110.1163/156939388X00053] that take particle correlations into account. With an iterative fitting procedure of all the data based on both the coupled dipole model and the quasi-crystalline approximation, the refractive index, porosity, and size of the nanoparticles were determined. We determined that the coupled dipole model is in best agreement with the data.
High prevalence of active trachoma and associated factors among school-aged children in Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Getachew Dawit , Woldekidan Fekede , Ayele Gizachew , Bekele Yordanos , Sleshi Samrawit , Tekalgn Eyob , Worku Teshale , Ayenew Mengistu , Bogale Biruk , Asres Abyot 
Published: December 2023

Background
Active trachoma is a highly contagious ongoing stage of trachoma that predominantly occurs during childhood in an endemic area. This study assessed the prevalence and factors associated with active trachoma among school-aged children.

Methodology/Principal findings
A community-based analytical cross-sectional study was done from March 1st to June 30th, 2021, in Southwest Ethiopia’s people’s regional state. A total of 1292 school-aged children were surveyed. The quantitative data were collected using a pre-tested, structured interview-based questionnaire and observation check list. The World health organization (WHO) simplified trachoma grading system was used to assess stages of trachoma. In this study, the prevalence of active trachoma was 570(44.1%), 95% CI (41.4, 46.9). Also, age group 6–10; being female; flies at household (HH), flies on child’s face, improved water source, improved sanitation, presence of ocular discharge, presence of nasal discharge, and unclean faces of the child were significantly associated with active trachoma.

Conclusions/Significance
The very high prevalence of active trachoma in the study area is significantly associated with; age group 6–10, female gender, presence of flies in household and on child’s face, presence of ocular and nasal discharge, unclean faces, improved water source, improved sanitation in the household. Thus, environmental sanitation and facial cleans trachoma elimination strategy should be intensified in the study area.
Family caregiver perspectives on strengths and challenges in the care of pediatric injury patients at a tertiary referral hospital in Northern Tanzania
Authors: Keating Elizabeth M. , Sakita Francis , Vonderohe Maddy , Nkini Getrude , Amiri Ismail , Loutzenheiser Kelly , Young Bryan , Rent Sharla , Staton Catherine A. , Mmbaga Blandina T. , Watt Melissa H. 
Published: December 2023

Background
Pediatric injuries are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). It is important that injured children get quality care in order to improve their outcomes. Injured children are nearly always accompanied by family member caregivers invested in their outcome, and who will be responsible for their recovery and rehabilitation after discharge.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to identify family member caregiver perspectives on strengths and challenges in pediatric injury care throughout hospitalization at a tertiary hospital in Northern Tanzania.

Methods
This study was conducted at a zonal referral hospital in Northern Tanzania. Qualitative semi-structured in-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted by trained interviewers who were fluent in English and Swahili in order to examine the strengths and challenges in pediatric injury care. IDIs were completed from November 2020 to October 2021 with 30 family member caregivers of admitted pediatric injured patients. De-identified transcripts were synthesized in memos and analyzed through a team-based, thematic approach informed by applied thematic analysis.

Results
Strengths and challenges were identified throughout the hospital experience, including emergency medicine department (EMD) care, inpatient wards care, and discharge. Across the three phases, strengths were identified such as how quickly patients were evaluated and treated, professionalism and communication between healthcare providers, attentive nursing care, frequent re-evaluation of a patient’s condition, and open discussion with caregivers about readiness for discharge. Challenges identified related to lack of communication with caregivers, perceived inability of caregivers to ask questions, healthcare providers speaking in English during rounds with lack of interpretation into the caregivers’ preferred language, and being sent home without instructions for rehabilitation, ongoing care, or guidance for follow-up.

Conclusion
Caregiver perspectives highlighted strengths and challenges throughout the hospital experience that could lead to interventions to improve the care of pediatric injury patients in Northern Tanzania. These interventions include prioritizing communication with caregivers about patient status and care plan, ensuring all direct communication is in the caregivers’ preferred language, and standardizing instructions regarding discharge and follow-up.
Association of intrauterine synechiae with pituitary gonadotrophin pulse patterns: A pilot study
Authors: Gianfaldoni Arlete , Roa Cristiane , dos Santos Simões Ricardo , Baracat Maria Cândida P. , Maggio da Fonseca Angela , Bagnoli Vicente Renato , Sopreso Isabel Cristina Espósito , Silva Rivas Fernando Wladimir , Monteleone Pedro , Baracat Edmund C. , Soares Júnior José Maria 
Published: December 2023

Background
Intrauterine synechiae (IS) is an acquired uterine condition that occurs when scar tissues (adhesions) form within the uterus and/or cervix, causing menstrual disturbance. However, approximately 50% of patients with IS are refractory to treatment. Therefore, other endocrine disturbances, such as gonadotropin disturbance, may affect treatment success.

Study aim
To analyze gonadotropin levels in women with and without IS.

Methods
Ten women with refractory IS experiencing amenorrhea since at least 6 months and nine with normal menstrual cycles (control group) were included in this study. Blood sample were collected every 10 minutes during a 4-h period. The serial ultrasound was performed in both groups for evaluating the cycle phase. Blood was collected when the follicles size was between 5–10 mm. Serum LH, FSH, progesterone and estradiol concentrations were measured. To detect LH and FSH pulses, the technique proposed by Santen and Bardin was adopted; therefore, one pulse was defined as a 20% increase in the concentrations as to the preceding point, followed by an important decrease.

Results
No differences were observed between the study groups at baseline. Estradiol levels were lower in the IS group than in the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant. During the first hour of monitoring, cumulative FSH pulsatile frequency of IS group was lower than one of control.

Conclusion
Our data suggest that the estradiol levels of IS participants are lower than those of women with normal menstrual cycle. The role of this finding in the physiology of uterine synechiae requires further investigation.
Emotional exhaustion and traumatic stress among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: Longitudinal changes and protective factors
Authors: Spányik András , Simon Dávid , Rigó Adrien , Griffiths Mark D. , Demetrovics Zsolt 
Published: December 2023

Background
Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at high risk of experiencing work-related stress, burnout syndrome, and depression, especially during infectious disease outbreaks like COVID-19. Contributing factors include increased workload, lack of personal protective equipment, and inadequate support from the healthcare administration. Longitudinal studies have shown that the mental health status of HCWs has deteriorated over time. Social support and compassion satisfaction (CS) are protective factors that can mitigate adverse mental health effects. The present longitudinal study examined the mental health status of HCWs during the COVID-19 outbreak and aimed to identify potential predictors and protective factors.

Methods
The study comprised 386 healthcare workers in Hungary and was conducted in two waves (T1 and T2) from January 2021 to January 2022. Participants completed an online survey including the Professional Quality of Life Scale, Maslach Burnout Inventory, demographic and work-related background factors. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, and a cross-lagged panel model (CLPM).

Results
Frontline HCWs had higher levels of secondary traumatic stress (STS) and emotional exhaustion (EE) than non-frontline healthcare workers. Both groups experienced significant increases in these measures between T1 and T2. The CLPM indicated that EE had a significant lagged effect on STS among frontline workers, while STS had a significant lagged effect on EE among non-frontline workers. CS had a significant protective effect on both STS and EE in both groups.

Conclusions
The findings suggest that CS protects EE and STS, particularly among frontline HCWs. The study also showed that different causative relationships exist between these factors among frontline and non-frontline HCWs, which underlines the possible cyclical relationship between the two depending on the circumstances. The results provide insights into the protective role of positive work experiences and the importance of considering the needs of both frontline and non-frontline HCWs in preventive intervention programs.
Effect of statin treatment on metabolites, lipids and prostanoids in patients with Statin Associated Muscle Symptoms (SAMS)
Authors: Garrett Timothy J. , Puchowicz Michelle A. , Park Edwards A. , Dong Qingming , Farage Gregory , Childress Richard , Guingab Joy , Simpson Claire L. , Sen Saunak , Brogdon Elizabeth C. , Buchanan Logan M. , Raghow Rajendra , Elam Marshall B. 
Published: December 2023

Background
Between 5–10% of patients discontinue statin therapy due to statin-associated adverse reactions, primarily statin associated muscle symptoms (SAMS). The absence of a clear clinical phenotype or of biomarkers poses a challenge for diagnosis and management of SAMS. Similarly, our incomplete understanding of the pathogenesis of SAMS hinders the identification of treatments for SAMS. Metabolomics, the profiling of metabolites in biofluids, cells and tissues is an important tool for biomarker discovery and provides important insight into the origins of symptomatology. In order to better understand the pathophysiology of this common disorder and to identify biomarkers, we undertook comprehensive metabolomic and lipidomic profiling of plasma samples from patients with SAMS who were undergoing statin rechallenge as part of their clinical care.

Methods and findings
We report our findings in 67 patients, 28 with SAMS (cases) and 39 statin-tolerant controls. SAMS patients were studied during statin rechallenge and statin tolerant controls were studied while on statin. Plasma samples were analyzed using untargeted LC-MS metabolomics and lipidomics to detect differences between cases and controls. Differences in lipid species in plasma were observed between cases and controls. These included higher levels of linoleic acid containing phospholipids and lower ether lipids and sphingolipids. Reduced levels of acylcarnitines and altered amino acid profile (tryptophan, tyrosine, proline, arginine, and taurine) were observed in cases relative to controls. Pathway analysis identified significant increase of urea cycle metabolites and arginine and proline metabolites among cases along with downregulation of pathways mediating oxidation of branched chain fatty acids, carnitine synthesis, and transfer of acetyl groups into mitochondria.

Conclusions
The plasma metabolome of patients with SAMS exhibited reduced content of long chain fatty acids and increased levels of linoleic acid (18:2) in phospholipids, altered energy production pathways (β-oxidation, citric acid cycle and urea cycles) as well as reduced levels of carnitine, an essential mediator of mitochondrial energy production. Our findings support the hypothesis that alterations in pro-inflammatory lipids (arachidonic acid pathway) and impaired mitochondrial energy metabolism underlie the muscle symptoms of patients with statin associated muscle symptoms (SAMS).
Mapping evidence on barriers to and facilitators of diagnosing noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in Africa: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Badacho Abebe Sorsa , Mahomed Ozayr Harron 
Published: December 2023

Background
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) represent a global public health challenge in all population groups, but the prevalence of major NCDs, such as depression, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, obesity and diabetes, is increasing at a rapid rate among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH). Studies show that integrated NCDs and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) services have improved the patient outcome of PLWH with comorbidities with NCDs. It requires a strengthened and sustainable way of diagnosing major NCDs early among PLWH. However, there is limited evidence regarding the barriers to and facilitators of early diagnosis of NCDs (depression, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, obesity and diabetes) among PLWH in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This review will systematically map the literature and describe the barriers and facilitators of diagnosing NCDs (depression, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, obesity and diabetes) among PLWH in LMICs in Africa.

Methods
The methodology presented by Arksey and O’Malley and the recommendation set out by Levac and colleagues will be used. PubMed, MEDLINE with full text via the EBSCO host, Google Scholar, Science Direct and Scopus will be used for a comprehensive search for data extraction. The search will be conducted using keywords, Boolean terms, and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). All studies with eligible titles will be exported to the EndNote citation manager for deduplication and imported to Rayyan software for screening. Two reviewers will independently screen abstracts, and the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis extension to scoping review (PRISMA-Sc) guidelines will be used to guide the search in conducting the scoping review. We will perform descriptive data analysis for quantitative studies, NVivo software version 12 will be used for qualitative studies, and thematic content analysis will be carried out. This scoping review will include studies that included PLWH with those diagnosed with major NCDs (depression, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, obesity, and diabetes) in LMICs in Africa.

Discussion
This scoping review will highlight evidence mapping on barriers and facilitators of diagnosing NCDs (depression, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, obesity, and diabetes) among PLWH LMICs in Africa.
Scoping Review Registration: registered on Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/xvtwd/).
An Open-Source 3D-Printed Hindlimb Stabilization Apparatus for Reliable Measurement of Stimulation-Evoked Ankle Flexion in Rat
Authors: Lam Danny V. , Lindemann Madeline , Yang Kevin , Liu Derrick X. , Ludwig Kip A. , Shoffstall Andrew J. 
Published: December 2023

Currently there are numerous methods to evaluate peripheral nerve stimulation interfaces in rats, with stimulation-evoked ankle torque being one of the most prominent. Commercial rat ankle torque measurement systems and custom one-off solutions have been published in the literature. However, commercial systems are proprietary and costly and do not allow for customization. One-off lab-built systems have required specialized machining expertise, and building plans have previously not been made easily accessible. Here, detailed building plans are provided for a low-cost, open-source, and basic ankle torque measurement system from which additional customization can be made. A hindlimb stabilization apparatus was developed to secure and stabilize a rat's hindlimb, while allowing for simultaneous ankle-isometric torque and lower limb muscle electromyography (EMG). The design was composed mainly of adjustable 3D-printed components to accommodate anatomical differences between rat hindlimbs. Additionally, construction and calibration procedures of the rat hindlimb stabilization apparatus were demonstrated in this study. In vivo torque measurements were reliably acquired and corresponded to increasing stimulation amplitudes. Furthermore, implanted leads used for intramuscular EMG recordings complemented torque measurements and were used as an additional functional measurement in evaluating the performance of a peripheral nerve stimulation interface. In conclusion, an open-source and noninvasive platform, made primarily with 3D-printed components, was constructed for reliable data acquisition of evoked motor activity in rat models. The purpose of this apparatus is to provide researchers a versatile system with adjustable components that can be tailored to meet user-defined experimental requirements when evaluating motor function of the rat hindlimbs.