bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Life of Crime
Authors: Wigger John 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter covers Martin McNally’s life of crime prior to his hijacking attempt with American Flight 119. It starts with McNally’s life history of being the black sheep of the family and craving the excitement of breaking the law. The chapter looks into McNally’s occupation with the Navy and Dana Incorporated after voluntarily quitting school. Despite getting married to Wanda Glacken, he quit his employment to become a full-time crook. The chapter highlights how Glacken struggled and ultimately wanted a divorce. McNally heard of the hijacking of D.B. Cooper on the radio and thought that it was a way to make some money.
Anywhere but Here
Authors: Wigger John 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter presents narratives of criminals hijacking planes. It notes that career criminals could easily hijack a plane if teenagers could. Lester Ellsworth Perry was a career criminal and took the chance of hijacking a plane using a disposable razor after he realized that his guards were lax. Perry ordered the pilot to fly to Havana, but soldiers in Havana quickly defused the situation and led him away. The chapter notes how hijacking became an outlet for just about every form of dislocation, including the trauma of war. It explains that life in Cuba was not as good as expected for those who tried to escape imprisonment.
Hijack House
Authors: Wigger John 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter notes that a sizable number of American hijackers are in jail or living in Havana. The lucky hijackers lived in a “Hijack House” in the Siboney district of Havana. Meanwhile, unlucky hijackers languished in Cuban prisons, including Tony Bryant, who robbed passengers before they landed in Havana. Bryant was unlucky enough to rob a Cuban agent, which ultimately led him to twelve years in Cuba’s most notorious prisons. The chapter notes how only the most desperate hijacker would opt for Cuba by the end of 1971. It notes significant events after the allure of Cuba faded, referencing the first passenger death during a hijacking and D.B. Cooper parachuting from a 727.
Prison Break
Authors: Wigger John 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter describes the attempted prison break of Martin McNally, Barbara Oswald, and Garrett Trapnell. It notes that their attempt was inspired by Joel David Kaplan’s helicopter escape from a Mexican prison. Most hijackers from 1961 to 1972 served far less than their full sentences. Some hijackers were traumatized by their experiences in Vietnam and could not explain why they had done it. After his release in May 2010, after thirty-seven years in federal prison, McNally freely admitted that he hijacked American Flight 119 and told his story numerous times. McNally urged students to stay in school and make something of themselves.
War, Peace and the Circulation of Mobile Money Across the Somali Territories
Authors: Iazzolino Gianluca , Stremlau Nicole 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis chapter charts the development of the Somali digital financial and telecommunication industries, of which mobile money is the most visible manifestation. With its rapid and surprising development, this sector has provided a de facto financial infrastructure for the circulation of capital and commodities—as well as the physical infrastructure for telecommunication—across the many borders of the greater Somali economic space. Due to their size, strategic importance, and political versatility, these conglomerates are key actors in the politics of circulation. While there are cases of direct support to state making (in Somaliland), financial and telecommunication firms have been averse to taxation and regulation, and have managed to keep international competitors out of Somali territories.
Governing Marketplaces
Authors: Gebresenbet Fana , Varming Kirstine Strøh , Ng’asike Philemon Ong’ao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBased on studies of a handful of Somali-dominated markets in Kenya, Ethiopia, Somalia, and Somaliland, this chapter scrutinizes how hybrid governance arrangements have evolved since 1991, how ethnic and social difference characterize these markets, and how the materiality of goods influences the intensity of regulation by public authorities. It also shows how “stateness” is being projected in marketplaces somewhat independently of the actual presence of state institutions. Trade operators that animate these marketplaces partake in politics of circulation by taking their business to specific markets, but also through the various market organisations that shape the daily dynamics of these marketplaces.
Bushmeat
Authors: Trefon Theodore 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In much of Central Africa, eating wildlife is seen as a normal, desirable, and common-sense practice. Almost all wild animals, from the largest mammals to the smallest invertebrates, are hunted, traded, and consumed, providing vital income and nutrition for millions of people. But as demand for bushmeat grows, animal populations are being decimated, directly impacting biodiversity, local economies, and public health. Taking an interdisciplinary approach, Bushmeat explores questions ranging from deforestation and conservation strategies to infectious diseases, urban street food, and law enforcement. It explains how the popularity of wild meat consumption has spread from rural areas into major cities, fuelled by rapid urbanization, poorly defined regulations, and developing trade networks—whether small-scale and informal, or commercial and politically connected. While unsustainable hunting practices pose clear problems for wildlife conservation, they also increase the risk of rural food insecurity and of new infectious diseases emerging—as HIV, Ebola, and Covid-19 have shown. But cultural attachment to wild meat, and its dietary importance for many communities, make the “bushmeat crisis” difficult to solve. Based on extensive interviews and a comprehensive review of secondary literature, Bushmeat presents a startling account of one of the Anthropocene’s catastrophes in the making.
Confronting the Color Line in National Security
Authors: Sirleaf Matiangai V.S. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
By unearthing what is otherwise hidden in plain sight, this chapter demonstrates that foregrounding race, as W.E.B. Du Bois proposed in the 1900s, is a task that is necessary not only for the field and practice of national security but also for the discipline of domestic and international law more generally. It argues that failing to see and engage with race obscures the role of racism and White supremacy in national security. It contends that the reconceptualization of national security is required and demonstrates how race structures national security. This chapter also clarifies why centering subordinated groups is necessary. It maintains that a racial justice approach requires consideration of macro-structural processes that facilitate racial subordination and stratification in national security as opposed to focusing on discrete episodes of individual discrimination. This chapter outlines the main lines of inquiry in this book. First, why race national security at all. The second consideration excavates the limits of national security—by inquiring what the scope of national security is, and as a corollary, whose national security. The third contemplates how national security methods of repression developed for “over there” migrate back to the metropolis to be deployed on those othered internally. The fourth investigates what remedy and redress might entail when race and racial justice are centered in national security by turning to comparative and international perspectives. The final reflection considers what it would mean to reimagine national security and the reach of the security state.
National Security Law and the Originalist Myth
Authors: Rana Aziz 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In American national security law, perhaps the most common way to critique security violence and excess is to argue that these practices violate the founders’ vision of constitutional limits. In the process, scholars and lawyers often depict the long history as one of civil libertarian decline from an ostensible high point in the past. This chapter interrogates that mainstream reform vision and historical retelling. It argues that the myth of civil libertarian origins ignores the extent to which there is no golden age to revive. Such familiar framings offer a limited account of the reforms necessary for genuinely protecting basic rights as well as for pursuing anti-imperial change in the present. They also ignore the structuring role of race and colonialism in deep-rooted American ideas of foreign intervention, war-making, and threat.
Extending the Logic of Defund to America’s Endless Wars
Authors: Bâli Aslı 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter connects the dots between two important movements that both gained momentum during the racial justice uprising of 2020: calls to defund the police and demands to end the United States’ endless wars abroad. The chapter examines how techniques, weapons, and personnel circulate between wars abroad and militarized policing at home. On this basis, the chapter develops an argument that dismantling the structures of racist policing at home will require recognizing the continuum of security state violence that connects domestic policing, border enforcement, and America’s ever-expanding military footprint abroad. In short, defunding the police will require a transformative vision for the sprawling security state, one that disrupts practices of racialized violence and advances a vision of racial justice at home and abroad.
Extrajudicial Executions from the United States to Palestine
Authors: Erakat Noura 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter uses the analytical framework offered by Black-Palestinian solidarity to reveal the co-constitutive nature of racism and colonialism as well as the enduring significance of the anti-imperialist struggle. It does so first by examining how Israel’s shoot-to-kill policy is predicated on the racialization of Palestinians within the framework of national security law. It then uses an internationalist approach, which situates Black subjugation in the United States in the context of global regimes of capital, violence, and governance, to help explain the militarized response to Black uprisings. Using Aimé Césaire’s “boomerang effect,” the chapter then traces the iterative development of police militarization, forged within the crucible of U.S. imperial dominance since at least the late 19th century, and highlights how contemporary U.S. law enforcement trainings in Israel are among the most recent iterations of this trend. The chapter concludes with reflections on the limits as well as the potential of anti-imperialist activist efforts embedded in the praxes of Black-Palestinian solidarity.
Racial Transitional Justice in the United States
Authors: Joshi Yuvraj 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
For years, the U.S. government has endorsed transitional justice approaches abroad while ignoring the need for transitional justice at home. Recently, racial justice uprisings have shifted U.S.-based discussions of transitional justice, from gazing outward toward the international community to attending to the legacies of slavery, segregation, and White supremacy at home. This chapter demonstrates that the centuries-long oppression of Black Americans is precisely the kind of massive human rights violation that necessitates a systematic transitional justice response. Using historical, legal, and comparative analyses, it reveals that the United States has employed its own versions of transitional justice mechanisms and debates without recognizing them as such. The chapter argues that Americans should not uncritically adopt transitional approaches from elsewhere but that they should reckon with systemic racism, recognize that the United States still has much to learn in this respect, and consider how transitional justice could be implemented in the American context.
Reforming, Transforming, and Radically Imagining National Security
Authors: Sirleaf Matiangai V.S. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter considers what it would mean to reimagine national security and the reach of the security state. It reflects on the tremendous possibilities and numerous theoretical and policy implications offered in this book. The problems identified are so profound and integral that it questions the utility of reforms which tinker around the edges of the apparatus of national security. Using an abolitionist framework, this chapter finds that the security state as a form of social control has deleterious consequences for communities internally and externally and must be abolished as currently constituted. The only way to limit the excesses of the security state is to reduce its footprint in the world. In other words, if there is less contact between the public and the security state apparatus, then there are fewer opportunities for the security state to brutalize and enact violence. This chapter challenges some of the core assumptions of national security, including removing from government officials their continuous capacity to exercise discretionary violence. It puts forward an abolitionist vision of security, which imagines a world where the security state does not keep Black, Brown, and other marginalized peoples subordinated through threats of and actual arrest, detention, torture, incarceration, violence, and death. It concludes that radical imagination may well be the only meaningful path forward for national security.
The Tabernacle in the Late Second Temple Period
Authors: MacDonald Nathan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The four different versions of the tabernacle account have their origins in the Second Temple period, and shine an important light on the various forms Exodus took at that time. How is this textual plurality to be explained and how did the texts relate to one another? To address this question, this chapter considers first the extant evidence from this period: the manuscripts of Exodus found amongst the Dead Sea Scrolls. The relationship of the scrolls and the late antique and medieval textual traditions to one another is examined. It is demonstrated that the Old Greek reflects the oldest textual tradition, with the Old Latin shedding additional light on the text’s early history. The Masoretic version was the result of a later revision which sought to standardize and harmonize the text of the tabernacle account, and the Samaritan exhibits similar features at a still later stage.
The Making of the Tabernacle Account
Authors: MacDonald Nathan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The extant versions and the evidence from Qumran suggest that the tabernacle account in Exodus had a complex history of development. No compositional model has been proposed within scholarship that draws upon the evidence of the various versions and accounts for their differences. In this chapter a model for the development of the tabernacle account is proposed from the earliest priestly document through to the final stages of standardization and harmonization visible in the Hebrew versions of the Masoretic Text and Samaritan Pentateuch. This model is coordinated with contemporary understandings of how the priestly literature developed and was coordinated with other Pentateuchal sources.
Ordination, Consecration, and Inauguration
Authors: MacDonald Nathan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Before the tabernacle can operate as a sanctuary, it needs a functioning priesthood. The ritual prescribed in Exod 29 effects the ordination of Aaron and his sons. This chapter shows how the ordination ritual is presented as both the primary ritual and, in combining various sacrifices, the epitome of all other rituals. The original ritual consists of a series of sacrifices that could have been performed in a couple of hours. In the description of the ritual’s fulfilment in Lev 8, the ordination ceremony is transformed into a seven-day ritual that consecrates priest and tabernacle. Various chronological problems arise from transforming the ordination ritual into a seven-day consecration ritual.
Restoration
Authors: Williams Mark 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The Restoration period was, for many Catholics in Britain and Ireland, one of both renewed optimism and profound disappointment. In the wake of the Civil Wars and Interregnum, the possibility of recognition—if not reward—for their loyalty to the Stuarts and efforts abroad to restore Charles II seemed real, if fleeting. However, as this chapter explains, growing political instability, military and domestic tragedy, and the renewed need for religious scapegoats among anxious Protestants across the three kingdoms, once again sparked tensions. Nevertheless, a closer look at the everyday adaptations and strategies adopted by Catholics in Britain, Ireland, and further afield suggests that the shifting political scene in London did not always reflect reality for the wider population: quotidian gestures of tolerance, familial connection, the reading (and disregarding) of polemical literature, and the constant reimagining of Catholic identity remained a regular feature of these decades.
Religious Houses
Authors: Lux-Sterritt Laurence 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses upon the devotional lives of British and Irish Catholics between 1641 and 1745, paying particular attention to the women who went on to become nuns. Specific examples illustrate how the spiritual experiences of the cloisters were intricately linked to those of the Catholic communities at home, where the faithful adapted their worship to compensate for the scarcity of priests, sacralizing domestic time and space, investing traditional rituals with new militancy, and imbuing holy objects with supernatural powers. Whilst some of these customs were universally sanctioned by the Church, others were more local or even highly individual, sometimes exceeding the guidelines defined by the Council of Trent. The integration of the idiosyncrasies of domestic devotions to monastic practices reconciled continuity and change. It bridged the traditional gap between lay and religious life, overcame the geographical distance between the British Isles and the Continent, and brought together a glorified past, a sanctified present, and a future return of the four nations to the Roman faith, thus questioning the validity of the paradigm of separation in religious life.
Material Culture
Authors: Johanesen Sarah , Marsland Claire 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Investigating the design and use of explicitly Catholic material culture across Britain and Ireland between 1641 and 1715, this chapter puts the devotional experiences of Catholics in their political context to complicate historical narratives around persecution, toleration, and their effects on Catholics. It first considers how the disruptions of the Civil War and Commonwealth not only endangered Catholic material culture, but provided opportunities for its accumulation. It then discusses the impact of a more tolerant leadership after the Restoration, and anti-papal demonstration following the Oates Plot. It discusses the new opportunities for materially displaying Catholic identities as loyalist and nationalist, particularly after the conversion of the heir apparent, James, duke of York. Finally, material culture provides evidence for the extent of anti-popery around the Glorious Revolution, whilst the influence of Catholicism on Jacobite expression, and vice versa, is explored. The chapter uses material culture to argue for a much more nuanced picture of the opportunities, as well as difficulties, faced by Catholics in Britain and Ireland in this period.
European Mercantile Networks
Authors: Monod Paul 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The outflow of Irish, Scottish, and English Catholics from their homelands to other countries in Europe produced not only monks, nuns, diplomats, and soldiers, but also generated merchants, who took up residence in commercial communities along the Atlantic coasts. Although this process began long before the Jacobite Wars of 1689‒1746, the migrations that followed those conflicts gave periodic boosts to existing mercantile networks in France, Spain, and the Austrian Netherlands. Cultural integration was rapid but never total, and migrants kept up links with their nation of origin. Irish Catholic migrants in France became prominent among the corsairs and smugglers of Saint-Malo, the brandy merchants of La Rochelle, and the wine dealers of Bordeaux. Connections with Ireland and England helped them to make fortunes in the tobacco trade, to expand into Mediterranean commerce, and to establish a profitable interest in the transportation of enslaved Africans to the New World. Outside France, successful Irish merchants gained privileged roles in the strictly regulated Spanish commerce with the Americas, and were central to the formation of the Ostend Company, trading from the Austrian Netherlands to East Asia. As bankers, financiers, and technological innovators, Irish and British Catholic exiles made a considerable impact on European economies in a period of intense commercial growth.
Catholics in the United Kingdom, 1800–1820
Authors: Mullett Michael 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the struggle for civil rights for British and Irish Catholics in the first two decades of the nineteenth century, assessing the acute partisanship that arose over the question of how much to concede to the State in order to win emancipation in return for various ‘securities’ which were designed to protect the Protestant constitution of the United Kingdom from suspected Catholic subversion. On key issues such as a veto proposed to be awarded to the Crown in the appointment of Catholic clerics, the Irish laity and their clergy were on the whole less willing to concede points of ecclesiastical independence than were some of their English co-religionists. John Milner emerged as the leading spokesman for recalcitrance over securities. The second section of the chapter considers the period from 1800 to 1820 as a vital phase in the long-term transition of the Church in Great Britain from a sect into a denomination, as well the consolidation of the role of the Irish Church as a model of Counter-Reformation renewal and as a beacon of nationhood.
‘The Abominable Cath. Quest.’
Authors: Bartlett Thomas 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter addresses two questions: first, why Catholic emancipation was so long delayed, and second, why Catholic emancipation was finally conceded in 1829. The answer to the first question focuses on the resolute opposition of George III, the political skill of Sir Robert Peel, the divisions within and between British and Irish Catholicism, and the lack of a clear plan of action by Irish Catholics. The answer to the second centres on the tactics adopted by the Catholic Association, headed by Daniel O’Connell, and the realization by Peel and the duke of Wellington that concessions, suitably safeguarded, would have to be made in order to prevent a civil war in Ireland. A theme running through this chapter is the growing politicization of Irish society during this period which ultimately produced the crisis that led to emancipation.