bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The RNA‐binding protein Cpeb4 regulates splicing of the Id2 gene in osteoclast differentiation
Authors: Arasaki Yasuhiro , Hayata Tadayoshi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCytoplasmic polyadenylation element‐binding protein 4 (Cpeb4) is an RNA‐binding protein that regulates posttranscriptional regulation, such as regulation of messenger RNA stability and translation. In the previous study, we reported that Cpeb4 localizes to nuclear bodies upon induction of osteoclast differentiation by RANKL. However, the mechanisms of the localization of Cpeb4 and osteoclastogenesis by Cpeb4 remain unknown. Here, we show that Cpeb4 localizes to the nuclear bodies by its RNA‐binding ability and partially regulates normal splicing during osteoclast differentiation. Sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis with Phos‐tag® revealed that the phosphorylation levels of Cpeb4 were already high in the RAW264.7 cells and were not altered by RANKL treatment. Immunofluorescence showed that exogenous Cpeb4 in HEK293T cells without RANKL stimulation localized to the same foci as shown in RANKL‐stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, when nuclear export was inhibited by leptomycin B treatment, Cpeb4 accumulated throughout the nucleus. Importantly, RNA recognition motif (RRM) 7 of Cpeb4 was essential for the localization. In contrast, the intrinsically disordered region, RRM1, and zinc finger domain CEBP_ZZ were not necessary for the localization. The mechanistic study showed that Cpeb4 co‐localized and interacted with the splicing factors serine/arginine‐rich splicing factor 5 (SRSF5) and SRSF6, suggesting that Cpeb4 may be involved in the splicing reaction. RNA‐sequencing analysis revealed that the expression of genes related to cell proliferation processes, such as mitotic cell cycle and regulation of cell cycle processes, was elevated in osteoclasts depleted of Cpeb4. Interestingly, the splicing pattern of the inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (Id2) gene, which suppresses osteoclast differentiation, was altered by the depletion of Cpeb4. These results provide new insight into the role of Cpeb4 as a player of normal splicing of Id2 in osteoclast differentiation.
Muscle parameters in fragility fracture risk prediction in older adults: A scoping review
Authors: Vendrami Colin , Shevroja Enisa , Gonzalez Rodriguez Elena , Gatineau Guillaume , Elmers Jolanda , Reginster Jean‐Yves , Harvey Nicholas C. , Lamy Olivier , Hans Didier 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHalf of osteoporotic fractures occur in patients with normal/osteopenic bone density or at intermediate or low estimated risk. Muscle measures have been shown to contribute to fracture risk independently of bone mineral density. The objectives were to review the measurements of muscle health (muscle mass/quantity/quality, strength and function) and their association with incident fragility fractures and to summarize their use in clinical practice. This scoping review follows the PRISMA‐ScR guidelines for reporting. Our search strategy covered the three overreaching concepts of ‘fragility fractures’, ‘muscle health assessment’ and ‘risk’. We retrieved 14 745 references from Medline Ovid SP, EMBASE, Web of Science Core Collection and Google Scholar. We included original and prospective studies on community‐dwelling adults aged over 50 years that analysed an association between at least one muscle parameter and incident fragility fractures. We systematically extracted 17 items from each study, including methodology, general characteristics and results. Data were summarized in tables and graphically presented in adjusted forest plots. Sixty‐seven articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. In total, we studied 60 muscle parameters or indexes and 322 fracture risk ratios over 2.8 million person‐years (MPY). The median (interquartile range) sample size was 1642 (921–5756), age 69.2 (63.5–73.6) years, follow‐up 10.0 (4.4–12.0) years and number of incident fragility fractures 166 (88–277). A lower muscle mass was positively/not/negatively associated with incident fragility fracture in 28 (2.0), 64 (2.5) and 10 (0.2 MPY) analyses. A lower muscle strength was positively/not/negatively associated with fractures in 53 (1.3), 57 (1.7 MPY) and 0 analyses. A lower muscle function was positively/not/negatively associated in 63 (1.9), 45 (1.0 MPY) and 0 analyses. An in‐depth analysis shows how each single muscle parameter was associated with each fragility fractures subtype. This review summarizes markers of muscle health and their association with fragility fractures. Measures of muscle strength and function appeared to perform better for fracture risk prediction. Of these, hand grip strength and gait speed are likely to be the most practical measures for inclusion in clinical practice, as in the evaluation of sarcopenia or in further fracture risk assessment scores. Measures of muscle mass did not appear to predict fragility fractures and might benefit from further research, on D3‐creatine dilution test, lean mass indexes and artificial intelligence methods.
Multi‐scale characterization and analysis of cellular viscoelastic mechanical phenotypes by atomic force microscopy
Authors: Zeng Yi , Liu Xianping , Wang Zuobin , Gao Wei , Zhang Shengli , Wang Ying , Liu Yunqing , Yu Haiyue 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe viscoelasticity of cells serves as a biomarker that reveals changes induced by malignant transformation, which aids the cytological examinations. However, differences in the measurement methods and parameters have prevented the consistent and effective characterization of the viscoelastic phenotype of cells. To address this issue, nanomechanical indentation experiments were conducted using an atomic force microscope (AFM). Multiple indentation methods were applied, and the indentation parameters were gradually varied to measure the viscoelasticity of normal liver cells and cancerous liver cells to create a database. This database was employed to train machine‐learning algorithms in order to analyze the differences in the viscoelasticity of different types of cells and as well as to identify the optimal measurement methods and parameters. These findings indicated that the measurement speed significantly influenced viscoelasticity and that the classification difference between the two cell types was most evident at 5 μm/s. In addition, the precision and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were comparatively analyzed for various widely employed machine‐learning algorithms. Unlike previous studies, this research validated the effectiveness of measurement parameters and methods with the assistance of machine‐learning algorithms. Furthermore, the results confirmed that the viscoelasticity obtained from the multiparameter indentation measurement could be effectively used for cell classification.Research Highlights
This study aimed to analyze the viscoelasticity of liver cancer cells and liver cells.
Different nano‐indentation methods and parameters were used to measure the viscoelasticity of the two kinds of cells.
The neural network algorithm was used to reverse analyze the dataset, and the methods and parameters for accurate classification and identification of cells are successfully found.
Microwave‐assisted synthesis of benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrimidines and pyrano[4,3‐b]pyrans catalyzed by L‐glutamine functionalized magnetic nanoparticles in water:ethanol mixture
Authors: Thongni Aiborlang , Nongkhlaw Rishanlang , Pandya Chayan , Sivaramakrishna Akella , Gannon Paige M. , Kaminsky Werner 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this work, we report an effective, one‐pot syntheses of benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrimidine and pyrano[4,3‐b]pyran derivatives using L‐glutamine functionalized nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SiO2@L‐glutamine NPs) under microwave irradiation. The organo‐nanocatalyst underwent characterization through diverse techniques, including FT‐IR, p‐XRD, SEM, TEM, EDX, XPS, TGA, and VSM. Microwave irradiation and multicomponent reactions synergistically yield excellent product yields (≈80%–95%) in shorter reaction times (≈6–15 min) with a broader substrate scope. The organo‐nanocatalyst displays notable catalytic efficacy, evidenced by high turnover numbers (TON) and turnover frequencies (TOF) across syntheses. This innovative protocol showcases exceptional efficiency, cost‐effectiveness, and environmental friendliness, with advantages like minimal reaction conditions, easy catalytic recovery, recyclability, operational simplicity, and the use of eco‐friendly solvents.
Artificial intelligence‐based prediction of the rheological properties of hydrocolloids for plant‐based meat analogues
Authors: Lee Dayeon , Jeong Sungmin , Yun Suin , Lee Suyong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDMethylcellulose has been applied as a primary binding agent to control the quality attributes of plant‐based meat analogues. H owever, a great deal of effort has been made to search for hydrocolloids to replace methylcellulose because of increasing awareness of clean labels. In this study, a machine learning framework was proposed in order to describe and predict the flow behavior of six hydrocolloid solutions, and the predicted viscosities were correlated with the textural features of their corresponding plant‐based meat analogues.RESULTSDifferent shear‐thinning and Newtonian behaviors were observed depending on the type of hydrocolloid and the shear rate. Methylcellulose exhibited an increasing viscosity pattern with increasing temperature, compared to the other hydrocolloids. The machine learning algorithms (random forest and multilayer perceptron models) showed a better viscosity fitting performance than the constitutive equations (power law and Cross models). In addition, three hyperparameters of the multilayer perceptron model (optimizer, learning rate, and the number of hidden layers) were tuned using the Bayesian optimization algorithm.CONCLUSIONThe optimized multilayer perceptron model exhibited superior performance in viscosity prediction (R2 = 0.9944–0.9961/RMSE = 0.0545–0.0708). Furthermore, the machine learning‐predicted viscosities overall showed similar patterns to the textural parameters of the meat analogues. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effects of Ca2+ signal on the activities of key enzymes and expression of related genes in yeast ethanol metabolism and mitochondrial function during high sugar fermentation
Authors: Xie Dongdong , Zheng Jiaxin , Sun Yingqi , Li Xing , Ren Shuncheng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDDuring high sugar fermentation, yeast is mainly affected by high sugar stress in the early stage. It becomes jointly affected by high sugar and ethanol stress as ethanol accumulates during fermentation. Ca2+, as the second messenger of the cell, mediates various metabolic processes. In this study, the effects of the Ca2+ signal on the activities of key enzymes, expression of related genes of ethanol metabolism, and mitochondrial function were investigated.RESULTSThe results showed a significant increase in the activities of enzymes related to ethanol metabolism in yeast cells under a high sugar environment. Ca2+ significantly promoted the activities of enzymes related to mitochondrial respiratory metabolism and regulated the carbon flow between ethanol metabolism and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The high sugar environment affected the expression of genes related to carbon metabolism, while the addition of Ca2+ stabilized the expression of related genes.CONCLUSIONCa2+ signal participated in ethanol and mitochondrial metabolism and regulated the key enzymes and related gene expression to enhance the resistance of yeast to stress during high sugar fermentation. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Nanotechnology in sustainable agriculture: A double‐edged sword
Authors: Shukla Kavita , Mishra Vishnu , Singh Jawahar , Varshney Vishal , Verma Rajnandini , Srivastava Sudhakar 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNanotechnology is a rapidly developing discipline that has the potential to transform the way we approach problems in a variety of fields, including agriculture. The use of nanotechnology in sustainable agriculture has gained popularity in recent years. It has various applications in agriculture, such as the development of nanoscale materials and devices to boost agricultural productivity, enhance food quality and safety, improve the efficiency of water and nutrient usage, and reduce environmental pollution. Nanotechnology has proven to be very beneficial in this field, particularly in the development of nanoscale delivery systems for agrochemicals such as pesticides, fertilizers, and growth regulators. These nanoscale delivery technologies offer various benefits over conventional delivery systems, including better penetration and distribution, enhanced efficacy, and lower environmental impact. Encapsulating agrochemicals in nanoscale particles enables direct delivery to the targeted site in the plant, thereby reducing waste and minimizing off‐target effects. Plants are fundamental building blocks of all ecosystems and evaluating the interaction between nanoparticles (NPs) and plants is a crucial aspect of risk assessment. This critical review therefore aims to provide an overview of the latest advances regarding the positive and negative effects of nanotechnology in agriculture. It also explores potential future research directions focused on ensuring the safe utilization of NPs in this field, which could lead to sustainable development. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
In situ growth of imine‐based covalent organic framework as stationary phase for open‐tubular capillary electrochromatographic separation
Authors: Niu Xiao , Qi Shengda , Sun Jianong , Zhu Ailing , Wang Fangling , Wu Mingfang , Lv Wenjuan , Chen Hongli 
Published: January 2024

Designing advanced stationary phases to improve separation efficiency is essential in capillary electrochromatography. Due to their outstanding performance, covalent organic frameworks have recently demonstrated considerable promise in the field of separation science. Herein, an open‐tubular capillary electrochromatography method was reported using porous imine‐based covalent organic framework with sufficiently available interaction sites as stationary phase. The imine‐based covalent organic framework coated capillary was easily prepared via an in situ growth method at room temperature, and its separation performance was evaluated, indicating the high separation efficiency for three types of analytes, including herbicides, polybrominated dibenzofurans, and bisphenols. Moreover, the imine‐based covalent organic framework coated capillary showed good reproducibility and stability, with intraday (n = 3), interday (n = 3), and column‐to‐column (n = 3) relative standard deviations of retention time and peak areas of less than 5%. The separation efficiency of the coated capillary remained unchanged even after 200 runs and the maximum theoretical plates reached up to 85 595 N/m for 4,4′‐ethylidenebisphenol. It was predicted that the imine‐based covalent organic framework stationary phase would be a strong contender for chromatographic separation with high efficiency.
Ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method for cellular toxicity and pharmacokinetic study of PEG1K polymers
Authors: Ge Yuncheng , Zhang Ning , Zheng Xinyue , Yu Luyao , Liu Yajun , Xue Hongyu , Zhao Jing , You Jiansong , Shi Meiyun , Yin Lei 
Published: January 2024

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is one of the most commonly used polymers in drug delivery systems. The investigation of the pharmacokinetic behavior of PEG is important for revealing the toxicity and efficiency of PEG‐related Nano‐drug delivery systems. A high through‐put and selective ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐MS/MS) method coupled with collision‐induced dissociation (CID) in source technique was developed and validated to determine PEG1K polymers in cellular samples in this study. The countless precursor ions of PEG1K are dissociated in the source to generate numerous product ions which have different numbers of subunits. The transition of [M+H]+ precursor ions → product ions at m/z 177.1 (four subunits)→89.1 (two subunits) was selected to determine PEG1K due to its high sensitivity. The UHPLC‐MS/MS method coupled with CID in the source showed good linearity over the range of 0.1–10 μg/mL. Intra‐day and inter‐day accuracies and precisions of the assay were all within ± 12.39%. The assay was successfully applied to a cellular pharmacokinetic study of PEG1K in human breast cancer cells. The cytotoxicity of PEG1K polymers was also studied and the results indicated that the cytotoxicity of PEG1K was not significant in the range of 5–1200 μg/mL.
The Laryngologist Who Saved the Brooklyn Bridge
Authors: Isaacson Glenn 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveTo understand the role of a single laryngologist, Andrew Heermance Smith, in elucidating the mechanisms of Caisson Disease and controlling it effects on bridge workers.Data SourcesScientific and lay publications, letters and records of the Roebling family, obituaries and internet sources.Review MethodsHistorical review.ResultsAH Smith combined physiological observations and experiments in the Brooklyn Bridge caissons with a review of the existing engineering and medical literature to describe the Caisson Disease and to devise strategies to ameliorate its effects.ConclusionDespite an incorrect conclusion about the pathophysiology of decompression sickness, Smith's stringent standards and timely interventions allow completion of the masonry towers of the Brooklyn Bridge.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 134:3044–3048, 2024
Sex‐specific association between monocyte to high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and extensive abdominal aortic calcification in humans
Authors: Niu Yuyu , Wang Guifang , Feng Xianjun , Niu Hongyi , Shi Wenrui , Shen Yingxue 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRecent studies have identified monocyte‐to‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) as a simple marker of atherosclerosis. Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) is a direct result of vascular atherosclerosis. Our study aims to investigate the association between MHR and the prevalent extensive AAC and assess the value of MHR for identifying prevalent extensive AAC. 2857 subjects (28.07%) from the cross‐sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2014 were included in our study. AAC was detected through dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry and quantified by Kauppila score. Extensive AAC was identified in 153 (10.44% of 1465) females and 146 (10.49% of 1392) males. With the full adjustment, each SD increase of MHR resulted in an 87.3% additional risk for extensive AAC in females. When dividing into quartiles, the top quartile had a 3.472 times risk of prevalent extensive AAC than the bottom quartile. However, no significant association was observed in males. Furthermore, smooth curve fitting implicated that the significant association was linear in the whole range of MHR among females. Additionally, ROC demonstrated an improvement in the identification of extensive AAC only among females when introducing MHR into established risk factors of atherosclerosis (0.808 vs. 0.864, p < 0.001). Finally, category‐free net reclassification index and integrated discrimination index also supported the improvement by MHR in females. Our study revealed a linear association between MHR and prevalent extensive AAC in females. Moreover, our results implicated the potential value of MHR to refine the identification of prevalent extensive AAC in females.
On the Existence of Pure, Broadband Toroidal Sources in Electrodynamics
Authors: Canós Valero Adrià , Borovkov Dmitrii , Kalganov Aleksandr , Dudnikova Alexandra , Sidorenko Mikhail , Dergachev Pavel , Gurvitz Egor , Gao Lei , Bobrovs Vjaceslavs , Miroshnichenko Andrey , Shalin Alexander S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMultipoles are paramount for describing electromagnetic fields in many areas of nanoscale optics, playing an essential role in the design of devices in plasmonics and all‐dielectric nanophotonics. Challenging the traditional division into electric and magnetic moments, toroidal moments are proposed as a physically distinct family of multipoles with significant contributions to the properties of matter. However, the apparent impossibility of separately measuring their response sheds doubt on their true physical significance. Here, the possibility of selectively exciting toroidal moments is confirmed without any other multipole. A set of general conditions is developed that any current distribution must fulfill to be entirely described by toroidal moments and prove the results in an analytically solvable case. The new theory allows to design and verify experimentally an artificial structure supporting a pure broadband toroidal dipole response in the complete absence of the electric dipole and other “ordinary” multipole contributions. In addition, a structure capable of supporting a novel type of non‐radiating source is proposed‐ a “toroidal anapole,” originating from the destructive interference of the toroidal dipole with the unconventional electromagnetic sources known as mean square radii. The results in this work provide conclusive evidence on the independent excitation of toroidal moments in electrodynamics.