bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Would the occurrence of a Maunder-like solar minimum have reversed the observed climate change?
Authors: Cataldi Marcio , Rangel Rafael , Galvez Vitor Luiz , Jerez Sonia , Montávez Juan , Marín Amar Halifa , Landau Luiz 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study investigates a hypothetical scenario in which a prolonged solar minimum, such as the Maunder Minimum, is combined with the increase in CO2 emissions observed in the postindustrial period. For that, two fully-coupled state-of-the-art Earth system simulations were performed spanning the period 1850-2000. From the year 1950 onward, they differ on the radiative forcing. One accounts for the observed radiative forcing, including the increase in CO2 concentrations of the last decades, while the other adds the artifact of a decrease in the solar constant of similar magnitude as occurred during the Maunder Minimum four centuries ago, maintaining the increase in CO2. The model was evaluated by comparing the results of the simulations with the ERA5 data and the reanalysis of the 20th century, versions 2 and 3. In some evaluations in this study, meridional averages were made at 30-degree latitude cuts, in order to observe the differences between the effects of the Maunder Minimum in each region of the planet. It was possible to see a good consistency between the temperature differences in the second half of the 20th century simulated by CESM and the data from the reanalysis in all the regions analyzed, with the CESM variability remaining within what was observed between the reanalysis themselves. The results showed that comparing the period 1950-2000 with the period 1851-1949, it was found that the Maunder Minimum experiment managed to mitigate the warming of the planet in this period by around 50%, although it was unable to reverse it. In the periods where the greatest warming was observed, at the end of the 20th century, the Maunder Minimum had a most significant influence on reducing this warming in the Southern Hemisphere and in the section between 0-30°N, which could reduce this warming by almost 70%, and had a smaller or almost zero influence in the region between 30-90°N. However, even though the Maunder minimum mitigates warming, it has not systematically reversed this trend anywhere on the globe.
Maternal malnutrition induces in the neonate a lifelong enteropathy avoidable by postnatal S100a8/a9-conditioning
Authors: Peruzza Lisa , Heckmann Julia , Jost Tanja Rezzonico , Raneri Matteo , Guglielmetti Simone , Gargari Giorgio , Palatella Martina , Willers Maike , Fehlhaber Beate , Vogl Thomas , Roth Johannes , Grassi Fabio , Viemann Dorothee 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Protein-energy-malnutrition (PEM) is linked to 45% of global childhood mortality, however, the impact of maternal PEM on the child’s health remains elusive. Previous studies suggested that maternal PEM does not affect breast milk composition. Yet, malnourished children often develop a so-called environmental enteropathy that is assumed to be triggered by frequent uptake of pathogens together with unfavorable gut colonization. Here, we show in a murine model that maternal PEM induces without additional pathogen challenge in the offspring a persistent intestinal inflammatory gut dysfunction that establishes during nursing and does not recover after weaning onto standard diet. Early intestinal influx of neutrophils, impaired postnatal development of gut-regulatory functions, and expansion of Enterobacteriaceae were hallmarks of the maternal PEM-mediated enteropathy. This resembled the gut phenotype developing upon deficient S100a8/a9-supply via breast milk and allowed revealing a lack of S100a8/A9 in the breast milk of malnourished mothers and consequently the offspring’s intestine. Nutritional supply of S100a8 to neonates of malnourished mothers abrogated the aberrant development of gut mucosal immunity and microbiota colonization and protected them lifelong against severe enteric infections and non-infectious bowel diseases. S100a8 supplementation after birth might be a promising measure to counteract deleterious imprinting of gut immunity by maternal PEM.
Quantum neural network with ensemble learning to mitigate barren plateaus and cost function concentration
Authors: Friedrich Lucas , Maziero Jonas 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The rapid development of quantum computers promises transformative impacts across diverse fields of science and technology. Quantum neural networks (QNNs), as a forefront application, hold substantial potential. Despite the multitude of proposed models in the literature, persistent challenges, notably the vanishing gradient (VG) and cost function concentration (CFC) problems, impede their widespread success. In this study, we introduce a novel approach to quantum neural network construction, specifically addressing the issues of VG and CFC.Our methodology employs ensemble learning, advocating for the simultaneous deployment of multiple quantum circuits with a depth equal to 1, a departure from the conventional use of a single quantum circuit with depth L. We assess the efficacy of our proposed model through a comparative analysis with a conventionally constructed QNN. The evaluation unfolds in the context of a classification problem, yielding valuable insights into the potential advantages of our innovative approach.
Optimizing the Execution of Model Transformation Chain
Authors: Sahay Apurvanand 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Model transformation is the key concept in the field of model-driven engineering. To scale up the model transformation tasks in a cloud-based low-code platform, reusing and composing smaller model transformations enables a complex transformation to be executed sequentially and optimally. To achieve reusing and composition of smaller transformations, we need to identify all the model transformation chains possible in the repository/folder to transform the source model to the target model. Then, with the help of static analysis, the total structural features involved in a model transformation are calculated and the chain with optimum quality criteria are considered to be the best chain. In this paper, we propose an approach that takes the benefit of static analysis and automatic program rewriting to optimize the selected chain. The approach will rewrite the transformations to keep only the rules and bindings that generate the intermediate model elements required to generate target model elements in the model transformation chain. The performance is improved by reducing the execution time and intermediate elements generated required to execute the selected transformation chain. This optimizing the chain' elements fasten the execution of the whole model transformation chain. The optimization of the execution of the model transformation chain helps in achieving the scalable solution that manages several workflows originating from heterogeneous model-driven platforms.
Environmental causes of regional variations in Upland Goose (Chloephaga picta) color morphs
Authors: Cossa Natalia Andrea , Bocelli Lucia 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The color morphs in the Upland Goose, an endemic bird of Argentina and Chile, refer to variations in the plumage coloration in males, displaying either barred, white, or intermediate combinations of the two. These color variations can be influenced by environmental factors and, consequently, may be associated with specific geographical regions. The aim of this work was to determine the extent of Upland Goose color morphs during the breeding season and to identify potential environmental factors contributing to their differences. We compiled data from citizen science platforms and personal observations, identifying 880 records spanning from 2000-2023, covering the entire Upland Goose breeding area. Environmental variables, such as temperature, precipitation, and NDVI, and the maximum entropy modeling method were used to predict the distribution of different color morphs based on the occurrence data. Upland Goose color morphs were not uniformly distributed during the breeding season. The white morph occupied the broadest habitat suitability range, followed by the intermediate morph and, finally, by the barred morph, primarily found in the southern part of Tierra del Fuego and exhibiting allopatry with the white morph. Habitat suitability predictions suggest that barred and intermediate morphs occupy colder and more humid regions with higher precipitation compared to the white morph. These results are particularly valuable for this species given its “threatened” status in Argentina and its current global population showing a declining trend, as morphs may represent genetic variants with potential unique local adaptations and preserving this intraespecific variability is crucial for the species' conservation.
Harmful consumption and alcohol dependence in Peruvian university students with body dissatisfaction – an observational study
Authors: Cruz Carmen Indira Serrano-De La , Flores-Olivares Priscilla N. , Barreto-Araujo Joel A. , Coronel-Arias Sebastian , Rodriguez-Saldaña Christian A. , Serna-Alarcón Victor , Sandoval-Ato Raúl Hernán 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The abuse of alcoholic beverages is associated with complex mental health disorders, including body dissatisfaction (BD); that form a vicious circle that is very difficult for the person who suffers from them to overcome. The objective of our study was to evaluate the association between the abuse of alcohol consumption and the degree of body dissatisfaction in young women, in four universities in northern Peru. An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of 491 university students. Body dissatisfaction and alcohol consumption was analysed using the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), a test designed by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a simple screening method for its specific use in primary care settings, using the score greater than six that predicts harmful use or alcohol dependence. The prevalence of harmful consumption or alcohol dependence was higher in those women who presented body dissatisfaction with respect to the group without concern for their image, adjusted for type of university and family structure. (Adjusted PR: 2.33, 95% CI 2.10 - 2.57). In turn, university students who belonged to a reconstituted family obtained 6.82 more points (95% CI: 4.47 to 9.17) in the AUDIT test. Young women with body dissatisfaction are twice as likely to have harmful use/higher alcohol dependence even in single-parent or reconstituted families.
Pharmacists' Perspectives on Self-Care and Minor Ailment Education in Primary Schools: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Osman Samira , Paudyal Vibhu , Jalal Zahraa , Hirsch Christine 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
In the UK, community pharmacists significantly contribute to managing minor ailments and self-care, with government policies supporting this role. However, the potential of pharmacists to enhance health education among primary school children is underexplored.
Objective
This study investigates pharmacists' perspectives on providing self-care and minor ailments education in primary schools and identifies possible roles pharmacists could play in the future.
Method
Seventeen UK-based pharmacists and pharmacy support staff were interviewed using qualitative semi-structured techniques. The interviews were transcribed, coded, and thematically analysed using NVivo 12.
Results
Five themes emerged: the perceived gap in self-care and minor ailment knowledge among children and parents, perceived positive impact of education on self-care, current health knowledge sources of children and parents, barriers to health education, and the potential role of pharmacists in self-care education in schools. Pharmacists unanimously acknowledged a significant educational role for their profession, suggesting collaborative efforts with schools to deliver tailored health education programs.
Discussion
Pharmacy staff agree that there is a pressing need for education on self care and minor ailments management within primary schools, with pharmacists keen to play a central role in educational role. Participants advocated for a strategy that combines the expertise of school teachers with pharmacists to foster self-care from an early age.
Conclusion
Pharmacists recognize the value of integrating health education into primary school curricula. A collaborative approach with educational institutions could bridge the gap in self-care and minor ailments knowledge, empowering children and reducing unnecessary healthcare resource utilization.
Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma clinically and radiologically masquerading as a Head &amp; Neck Paraganglioma– A Case Report
Authors: Weerasekara Pumudu , Chandraratne Nadeeka , Jayaweera Geethika , Rathnayake Wasantha , Perera Sunil 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background: This paper reports the first case of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma clinically and radiologically masquerading as a head and neck paraganglioma (HNPGL).
Case Presentation: A 66-year-old male with unilateral hearing impairment and 7th – 12th (excluding 11th) cranial nerve palsies was diagnosed radiologically with HNPGL by magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, which revealed a hypointense and hyperintense punctate mass centered at the jugular fossa with intracranial extension. The ascending pharyngeal artery, recognized as the major feeder, was embolized by percutaneous embolization following digital subtraction angiography. Gross total resection of the tumor was followed by an uneventful postoperative recovery. Combined immunohistochemistry and histopathological morphology revealed a basaloid squamous cell carcinoma following which the patient completed radiotherapy and is at 3-month follow-up currently.
Conclusion: This case report discusses the diagnostic pitfalls and management challenges of this rare entity based on prior evidence, as well as a literature review and clinical and surgical analysis.
Time Trends in Hypertensive Heart Disease in Women of Childbearing Age in China from 1990 to 2019: A Joinpoint Regression and Age-Period-Cohort Analysis
Authors: Hu Ben , Hou Linlin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background: Epidemiological research on hypertensive heart disease (HHD) in women of childbearing age (WCBA) remains scarce in China. We aim to describe the current prevalence of HHD in China and analyze its temporal trends over the past 30 years.
Methods: WCBA was defined as WCBA years. The age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) of HHD in WCBA was estimated. Joinpoint regression and age-period-cohort methods were used to analyze the temporal trends from 1990 to 2019.
Results: In 2019, the prevalence of HHD among WCBA in China was 0.171 million (95% UI: 0.105 to 0.262). From 1990 to 2019, there was an annual net drift of 0.65% (95% CI: 0.52 to 0.77) in HHD prevalence among WCBA in China. Although cohorts born earlier had a lower risk of disease, age and period effects showed unfavorable trends. From 1990 to 2019, there was a significant increase in HHD (AAPC = 0.67%, 95% CI:0.57 to 0.78; P < 0.001), with the most notable change occurring between 2000-2004 (APC = 3.83%, 95%CI: 3.20 to 4.45; P < 0.001). However, the ASPR of HHD in WCBA rapidly declined after 2015, with an APC of -0.84%.
Conclusion: Over the past 30 years, the ASPR of HHD among WCBA in China has generally shown an upward trend. Despite a downward trend in the ASPR of HHD in WCBA after 2015, the burden of HHD remains a concern. Continuous efforts are needed to reduce the burden of HHD in WCBA in China further, aligning with the strategic goal of "Healthy China 2030" and improving public health.
Open Innovation in Healthcare Ecosystem – a systematic review
Authors: Torab-Miandoab Amir , Samad-Soltani Taha , Rezaei-hachesu Peyman 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background: Several countries are facing significant troubles of health services, particularly rising prices. Innovative technologies and services are expected to help boost medical quality and cut costs. In this sense, there is a lack of innovative work in spite of a growing interest in open innovation and approaches that advocate for expanded cooperation among various actors in healthcare.
Objective: This paper describes the findings of a study concerning the commitment of the healthcare sector to open innovation.
Materials and methods: The search for literature focused on English-language papers to 12 January 2020. Based on the indicated criteria for inclusion, 29 articles were included.
Results: Results show that most experiments concentrate on the areas of pharmaceutical research (drug discovery) and health informatics (health information systems and infrastructures) that were brought out as concepts or applied as pilot and prototype.
Conclusions: The participation of the healthcare sector limited in open innovation, and more work is required with an emphasis how to get open innovation.
Compounding morphometric parameters for prioritization of vulnerable watersheds for land restoration planning in Beas sub basin, India using geospatial techniques
Authors: Nehra Sunil , Sur Koyel , Verma Vipan Kumar , Pateriya Brijendra 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The Beas sub basin falling under the Indus basin in Northern India is experiencing notable changes due to human interventions since the rise of civilization in the Indus valley. The incessant anthropogenic pressure, infrastructural development, deforestation and encroachment have made the sub basin more vulnerable to land degradation, erosion and landslides. Thus this study attempts to classify the watersheds based on morphometric characteristics and prioritize the watersheds for sub basin management as a whole so that restoration process can concentrate on the high risk prone watersheds. In this study ALOS PALSAR DEM of 12.5 meters was used to extract the drainage network, watershed, catchment sub basin and basin boundary complemented by topographic and hydrological maps. The study analyses 49 morphometric parameters under categories like linear, areal and relief characteristics. The result classifies the erosion capacity of total 4126 streams with the cumulative length of 12,287.51 km over a sub basin area of 19,338.8 Km2. The morphometric parameters were integrated for each watershed and compound factor was given to rank vulnerability in the GIS environment. The results depicted that sub watershed numbers 2, 6, 12, 16 were high risk prone and underlined as an area which requires immediate attention for soil water conservation measures.
Fermat's Last Theorem and ABC-Conjecture in the School of the XXI Century
Authors: Avdyev Marat Aleksandrovich 
Published: February 2024

In 1637, Pierre de Fermat wrote at the margins of Diophantus’ Arithmetica that he had found a truly wonderful proof of the insolvability of the Diophantine equation a^n + b^n = c^n, where n &gt; 2, but the narrow margins of the books did not allow him to give the full proof. Is there a short and easy way to prove Fermat's Last Theorem? The following ABC conjecture states that for three co-prime numbers A, B, and C which satisfy A + B = C, the product of the prime factors of ABC is usually not much less than C. Both theorems are formulated very simply, but are extremely difficult to prove. Hundreds of pages have been spent by eminent mathematicians of Western world searching for proofs, and the search for proofs continues. The author found new methods of proof that are generally understandable, even to schoolchildren on the basis of a synthesis of several sciences, including physics. Number theory plays an interesting role in pedagogy.
Georgian Medicinal Plants as Rich Natural Sources of Antioxidant
Derivatives: A Review on the Current Knowledge and Future
Perspectives
Authors: Pirtskhalava Marina , Mittova Valentina , Tsetskhladze Zurab R. , Palumbo Rosanna , Pastore Raffaele , Roviello Giovanni N. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract:
The study of antioxidants is of pivotal importance in biomedicine as these
molecules could be involved in biological pathways associated with disease. The identification of new antioxidants together with the acquisition of a deeper knowledge on their
biology, could lead to the use of these compounds as drugs for innovative treatments.
Plants are an important reservoir of phytodrugs that in many cases can be isolated with
good extraction yields directly from the vegetal source and are often endowed with a
low toxicity profile. Georgia, a country situated on the Black Sea coast in the Caucasus
region at the intersection of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, is renowned for its
unique woodland habitats and immense biological diversity due to the great variety of
climate zones and landscapes. Many wild plants in the area are used as remedies for a
number of illnesses in the local traditional medicine. However, the scientific knowledge
of these sources of natural drugs and of their molecular components is still far from exhaustive. Therefore, with the present work we reviewed the scientific literature on some
of the main Georgian medicinal plants and found that several species are a valuable
source of hydrophilic and hydrophobic antioxidants, endowed in some cases with a high
ROS-scavenging ability. The analysis of the literature also demonstrated that most of the
medicinal extracts and compounds isolated from these plants are beneficial in suppressing multiple diseases in vitro. This review will provide information for scientists looking
to develop secure plant-based pharmaceuticals as well as a rationale for using Georgian
medicinal plants for the treatment of a range of diseases.
Effects of High Efficacy Multiple Sclerosis Disease Modifying Drugs on the Immune
Synapse: A Systematic Review
Authors: Deftereos Spyros N. , Vavougios George D. , Bakirtzis Christos , Hadjigeorgiou George , Grigoriadis Nikolaos 
Published: February 2024

Background::
Co-signaling and adhesion molecules are important elements for creating immune
synapses between T lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells; they positively or negatively regulate the interaction
between a T cell receptor with its cognate antigen, presented by the major histocompatibility complex.

Objectives::
We conducted a systematic review on the effects of High Efficacy Disease Modifying Drugs
(HEDMDs) for Multiple Sclerosis (MS) on the co-signaling and adhesion molecules that form the immune
synapse.

Methods::
We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, and other sources to identify clinical or preclinical reports on
the effects of HEDMDs on co-signaling and adhesion molecules that participate in the formation of immune
synapses in patients with MS or other autoimmune disorders. We included reports on cladribine tablets, anti-
CD20 monoclonal antibodies, S1P modulators, inhibitors of Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase, and natalizumab.

Results::
In 56 eligible reports among 7340 total publications, limited relevant evidence was uncovered. Not
all co-signaling and adhesion molecules have been studied in relation to every HEDMD, with more data being
available on the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (that affect CD80, CD86, GITR and TIGIT), cladribine
tablets (affecting CD28, CD40, ICAM-1, LFA-1) and the S1P modulators (affecting CD86, ICAM-1 and
LFA-1) and less on Natalizumab (affecting CD80, CD86, CD40, LFA-1, VLA-4) and Alemtuzumab (affecting
GITR and CTLA-4).

Conclusion::
The puzzle of HEDMD effects on the immune synapse is far from complete. The available evidence
suggests that distinguishing differences exist between drugs and are worth pursuing further.