bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ovarian Pedicle Local Analgesia in Midline versus Flank Cat Ovariectomy
Authors: Carbonari Alice , Di Bello Antonio , Lillo Edoardo , Caprio Francesco , Burgio Matteo , Cicirelli Vincenzo , Sciorsci Raffaele Luigi , Rizzo Annalisa 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe study aimed to assess perioperative pain in cats subjected to ovariectomy, performed with a midline or flank approach, receiving a lidocaine splash on each ovarian pedicle.MethodsEighty female cats were divided into two groups: flank group (F), made up of 40 subjects ovariectomised using the flank approach, and the midline group (M), which consisted of 40 subjects using the midline approach. Each group was divided into two subgroups: the local anaesthesia group (L), consisting of 20 cats belonging to group F (LF) and 20 cats belonging to group M (LM), which received a splash of lidocaine (4 mg/kg) diluted in 0.5 mL/kg of saline solution on the ovarian pedicles before their ligation, and the control group (C), consisting of 20 cats belonging to group F (CF) and 20 cats belonging to group M (CM), which received the same splash using saline solution. Heart rate, respiratory rate and systolic blood pressure were monitored to assess intraoperative nociception response. An operator assigned postoperative pain scores following the Glasgow scale revised composite measure pain scale feline.ResultsIntraoperative HR and SBP and postoperative pain scores were higher in the control groups. The number of patients requiring rescue analgesia was higher in the control groups. In the midline approach, HR and SBP increased significantly during exteriorisation of both ovaries, while in the flank approach, this occurred predominantly during exteriorisation of the second ovary.Clinical SignificanceConcurred use of local and systemic analgesia in cats undergoing flank or midline ovariectomy may reduce intraoperative nociception and postoperative pain and reduce the need for rescue analgesia.
Comparison of cervical versus thoracic spinal cord injury outcomes in pediatric trauma patients
Authors: Martino Alice M. , Grigorian Areg , Kuza Catherine M. , Burruss Sigrid , Swentek Lourdes , Guner Yigit , Goodman Laura F. , Nahmias Jeffry 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
To explore differences based on level of pediatric spinal cord injury (SCI), we compared cervical and thoracic SCI in pediatric trauma patients (PTPs), hypothesizing higher mortality and length of stay (LOS) for cervical SCI.

Methods
The 2017–2021 Trauma Quality Improvement Program was queried for all PTPs ≤ 17 years-old with cervical or thoracic SCI. Bivariate analyses compared the two groups. The primary outcome was mortality and secondary outcomes included hospital LOS and injury severity scores (ISS). Logistic regression models were used to determine independent risk factors for death and prolonged ventilation.

Results
Of 5280 PTPs, 2538 (65.9%) had cervical SCI and 1316 (34.1%) had thoracic SCI. Motor vehicle collisions were the most common cause of both cervical and thoracic SCI (37.8 and 41.9%). PTPs with thoracic SCI had higher rates of positive drug screen as compared to cervical SCI (39.2 vs 29.8%, p = 0.001). PTPs with thoracic SCI had higher median ISS (25 vs 16, p < 0.001), while cervical SCI had higher mortality (13 vs 6.1%, p < 0.001) but decreased hospital LOS (median 9 vs 5 days, p < 0.001. Cervical SCI were associated with a nearly fourfold increase in the risk of death (95% CI 2.750–5.799, p < 0.001) and a 1.6-fold increase in the risk of prolonged ventilator requirement (95% CI 1.228–2.068, p < 0.001).

Conclusions
PTPs with cervical SCI have higher mortality while those with thoracic SCI have higher ISS and hospital LOS. Cervical SCI were associated with a fourfold higher risk of death. MVC was the most common cause of injury, and both groups had high rates of positive drug screens. Understanding differing outcomes may assist providers with prognostication and injury prevention.
Assessing customized multivalent chemokine-binding peptide treatment in a murine model of coxsackievirus B3 myocarditis
Authors: Kelm Nicolas , Kespohl Meike , Smagurauskaite Gintare , Vales Serena , Karuppanan Kalimuthu , Mburu Philomena , Thiele Arne , Pinkert Sandra , Bukur Thomas , Mülleder Michael , Berndt Nikolaus , Klingel Karin , Gaida Matthias M. , Bhattacharya Shoumo , Beling Antje 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Myocarditis, an inflammatory disease of the heart muscle, is often triggered by viral infections. This inflammation, which can lead to severe cardiac dysfunction and adverse outcomes, is mediated by various CC and CXC chemokines that interact with receptors in a “one-to-many” fashion. Ticks have evolved chemokine-binding salivary proteins known as Evasins, which efficiently suppress inflammation. This study explores a tailored Evasin-derived CC chemokine-targeting strategy using a 17-mer synthetic dimeric peptide, BK1.3. This peptide inhibits the inflammatory chemokines CCL2, CCL3, CCL7, and CCL8 in murine Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection, a viral trigger of myocarditis. Administered at a dose of 5 mg/kg twice daily, BK1.3 effectively maintains virus control without exacerbating CVB3-induced morbidity markers, such as hemodynamic compromise, multiorgan failure with hepatitis and pancreatitis, hypothermia, hypoglycemia, and weight loss. Metabolic profiling combined with proteomics reveals preserved reprogramming of lipid storage and gluconeogenesis capacity in the liver, alongside sustained energy production in the injured heart muscle. In survivors of acute CVB3 infection exhibiting manifestations of the subacute phase, BK1.3 enhances virus control, reduces myeloid cell infiltration in the heart and liver, improves markers of liver injury, and alleviates cardiac dysfunction, as evidenced by echocardiographic global longitudinal strain analysis. These findings affirm the safety profile of BK1.3 peptide therapeutics in a preclinical mouse model of acute CVB3 infection and emphasize its potential for therapeutic advancement in addressing virus-induced inflammation in the heart.
Herbivory legacy modifies leaf economic spectrum and drought tolerance in two tree species
Authors: Gordaliza Guillermo G. , García-Rovés José Carlos Miranda , López Rosana , Aranda Ismael , Gil Luis , Perea Ramón , Rodríguez-Calcerrada Jesús 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The concurring effect of herbivory by wild ungulates and drought events is experiencing a notable increase in Mediterranean and temperate forests. While many studies have addressed the influence of drought on plant susceptibility to herbivory, it appears crucial to comprehend the impact of prolonged browsing on the physiological response of plants to increasing water deficit. To this end, we analyzed the effect of long-term recurrent herbivory by ungulates on physiological, biochemical, anatomical and morphological variables of Ilex aquifolium and Fagus sylvatica saplings during the growing seasons of 2018 and 2019 in a mixed sub-Mediterranean forest. We compared plants growing within an exclosure fence since 2006 (unbrowsed) with plants growing outside (browsed) that were also fenced during the study to investigate herbivory legacy. Twelve years of herbivory pressure modified significantly plant functional performance. Independently of the species, browsed plants showed higher root-to-shoot ratio, stem cross-sectional area-to-leaf area ratio, predawn leaf water potential, leaf nitrogen concentration and leaf gas exchange rates than unbrowsed plants. Moreover, browsed plants had lower leaf bulk modulus of elasticity, and higher osmotic potential at full turgor and turgor loss point. Thus, herbivory modified the leaf economic spectrum towards a more resource-acquisitive and less water stress tolerant type. These results suggest that, once browsing has subsided, plants continue to reflect some legacy effects that make them more vulnerable to further abiotic and biotic stresses, which has implications for forest regeneration.
The effects of enteral tube feeding on nutrition, survival, and quality of life outcomes in advanced upper gastrointestinal cancers: a systematic literature review
Authors: Mannino Adriana , Lasry Caroline , Kuypers Julia , Haines Terry P. , Croagh Daniel , Hanna Lauren , Furness Kate 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Despite guidelines, enteral tube feeding is not routinely provided to advanced upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancer patients who cannot consume adequate nutrition and who have an expected survival of at least 3 months. This review examined its effect on nutrition status, survival, and quality of life (QOL) in these patients.

Methods
Five databases (CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, Ovid, Web of Science) were searched for original research on nutrition, survival, and/or QOL outcomes in adults with inoperable UGI cancers receiving enteral tube feeding. Quality was assessed using the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Quality Criteria Checklist: Primary Research, and a narrative synthesis was conducted.

Results
Five studies were eligible for inclusion, most participants were male (n = 205), with low sample sizes across all studies (n = 16–131). Enteral tube feeding resulted in a similar proportion of participants with weight loss above or below 5% (baseline to 12 weeks) compared to a control group [p > 0.05] (1 study), and a significant increase in mean lean body mass [+1.3 (± 4.0) kg, p = 0.01] (1 study). There was variability in survival outcomes, statistical modelling, and comparators in five studies, with subsequently contradictory results. Only one study reported on QOL. Study quality was assessed as neutral (4 studies) or negative (1 study), reflecting methodological/analytical issues across the studies.

Conclusions
This systematic literature review highlights a significant knowledge gap, with no high-quality randomised controlled trial-based evidence available on enteral nutrition efficacy, limiting its use in dietetic practice in this sub-population. Despite treatment developments prolonging survival, research investigating feeding and its impact on QOL remains inadequate. Further research is needed to promote change and influence practice, policy, and guidelines, alongside high-quality intervention studies with defined nutrition outcomes, regimens, and robust statistical analyses to determine the benefits of enteral tube feeding in this vulnerable population.
Cytochromes P460 and c′-β: exploiting a novel fold for multiple functions
Authors: Adams Hannah R. , Fujii Sotaro , Pfalzgraf Hans E. , Smyth Peter , Andrew Colin R. , Hough Michael A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Two related classes of ligand-binding heme c-containing proteins with a high degree of structural homology have been identified and characterized over recent decades: cytochromes P460 (cyts P460), defined by an unusual heme-lysine cross-link, and cytochromes c′-β (cyts c′-β), containing a canonical c-heme without the lysine cross-link. The shared protein fold of the cyt P460-cyt c′-β superfamily can accommodate a variety of heme environments with entirely different reactivities. On the one hand, cyts P460 with polar distal pockets have been shown to oxidize NH2OH to NO and/or N2O via proton-coupled electron transfer. On the other hand, cyts c′-β with hydrophobic distal pockets have a proposed gas binding function similar to the unrelated, but more extensively characterized, alpha helical cytochromes c′. Recent studies have also identified ‘halfway house’ proteins (cyts P460 with non-polar heme pockets and cyts c′-β with polar distal heme pockets) with functions yet to be resolved. Here, we review the structural, spectroscopic and enzymatic properties of the cyt P460-cyt c′-β superfamily with a view to understanding the structural determinants of their different functional properties.

Graphical abstract
Digital Pathology Displays Under Pressure: Benchmarking Performance Across Market Grades
Authors: Marletta Stefano , Caputo Alessandro , Guidi Gabriele , Pantanowitz Liron , Pagni Fabio , Bavieri Iacopo , L’Imperio Vincenzo , Brunelli Matteo , Dei Tos Angelo Paolo , Eccher Albino 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Digital pathology (DP) has transformed the practice of pathology by digitizing pathology glass slides, thereby enhancing diagnostic capabilities. In contrast to radiology, studies comparing the efficiency of DP monitors are limited. This work used a stress test that simulated DP sign-out in practice to evaluate the performance of medical-grade (MG) and consumer off-the-shelf (COTS) displays. Four displays, including three MG and one COTS, were assessed for luminance, contrast ratio, accuracy, and image uniformity. Key metrics, such as luminance uniformity and maximum brightness, were evaluated during a 1-month period that simulated use to reflect an 8-h work day. MG displays outperformed COTS in critical parameters, even though consumer displays were satisfactory for diagnostic purposes. Image uniformity exhibited the most significant variations, with deterioration noted over 2.5% for all displays during the test period. This study compared different types of displays for DP and highlights the importance of regular calibration for maintaining display performance when using DP. Further research is recommended to define validation protocols, including the impact of display aging on DP accuracy.
The number of conspecific alarm substance donors notably influences the behavioural responses of zebrafish subjected to a traumatic stress procedure
Authors: van Staden Cailin , Finger-Baier Karin , Weinshenker David , Botha Tarryn L. , Brand Linda , Wolmarans De Wet 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) represents a complementary pre-clinical model in stress and anxiety research. Conspecific alarm substance (CAS), an alarm pheromone secreted by injured fish, acts as a warning signal and modulates fear responses. Given their schooling nature and that injury precedes CAS release, varying fresh CAS concentrations extracted from different numbers of CAS-donating zebrafish may uniquely influence trauma-related behaviours. Thus, we investigated the behaviour of juvenile and adult zebrafish exposed to traumatic stress protocols, in the presence of CAS extracted from varying numbers of donating zebrafish. Juveniles were assessed for anxiety and boldness in the light–dark and open field tests (LDT and OFT), while adults were assessed in the novel tank test (NTT) and novel OFT (nOFT). We found that (1) trauma minimally impacted juvenile behaviour regardless of donor-derived CAS concentrations, (2) trauma-exposed adults displayed reduced exploration and heightened risk-taking behaviours in the NTT and nOFT compared to control-exposed fish, (3) NTT and nOFT freezing behaviours were distinctly emulated in adult fish and (4) post-trauma behaviour in adults was influenced by the number of donors. Therefore, CAS concentration as determined by donor number has age-related effects on anxiety- and risk-taking behaviours in trauma-exposed zebrafish, a valuable finding for studies utilising fresh CAS as a stress trigger. While we did not directly investigate CAS concentration through serial dilution, our data are of significant translational and ethological relevance, highlighting the importance of in-house method standardization in stress-related studies utilizing fresh CAS as an alarm cue.
Internal migration, precarious housing and health issues in urban Ghana
Authors: Dotsey Senyo , Dzikpe Francis , Amoah Daniel Kennedy 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Most housing forms and living arrangements in contemporary African cities poorly address the needs of mobile populations. This paper therefore explores the housing and living conditions that emerge from the temporal mobility patterns practised by poor, low-income internal migrants and health issues emanating from such living and housing arrangements. The study is based on 71 semi-structured interviews with internal migrants—head porters (locally known as kayayei)—who primarily migrated from northern Ghana to the central part of the country, Kumasi. The findings demonstrate that in addition to the health problems arising from the physically demanding nature of their work, all participants endure precarious housing conditions, further exacerbating their health issues. More importantly, it is argued here that the COVID-19 pandemic has heightened their socio-economic vulnerability and instability. The implications of these findings are significant for policies related to housing, health and (internal) migration.
Demarcation that Makes the Layperson Smart
Authors: Makuła Szymon 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper presents an easy-to-use and layperson-friendly general demarcation for recognising scientific claims. The research was inspired by Gerd Gigerenzer’s approach to heuristics, which consists of a few yes or no questions and various ideas from social epistemology, such as Longino’s venues, Goldman’s notion of cognitive expertise, Anderson’s hierarchy of experts, and Lackey’s concept of acquiring knowledge through others’ testimony. The whole procedure is divided into two tasks. The first establishes whether a given testimony source S is an expert by checking S’s h-index on the Google Scholar search engine. The second is to search Google Scholar for any documented evidence (e.g., reports and textbooks) that proves that there is a consensus among experts that S’s claim is correct.
Software Defined Network Traffic Classification for QoS Optimization Using Machine Learning
Authors: Serag Rehab H. , Abdalzaher Mohamed S. , Elsayed Hussein Abd El Atty , Sobh M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the era of rapidly expanding network infrastructures, ensuring optimal performance and quality of service (QoS) for diverse applications face significant challenges. Traditional traffic classification (TC) methods often fall short due to their inability to adapt to the dynamic and complex nature of modern network environments. To address this limitation, this paper proposes integrating software defined network (SDN) architecture with machine learning (ML) technology. The study examined four scenarios: multiclass classification and binary classification, both before and after scaling. We used various ML models, including linear, non-linear, and hybrid models. To evaluate the performance of these models, we utilized several evaluation metrics, such as accuracy, F1 score, kappa score, ROC curve, and confusion matrix. The paper examined different feature scaling methods, including standard scaling, min-max scaling, max-abs scaling, and robust scaling. The results showed that both min-max and max-abs scaling provided the best performance enhancement across the four scaling methods. Finally, XGBoost model provided the highest performance across all scenarios, with accuracy reaching up to 99.97%.
Tracking genetic diversity in amur tigers: a long-term study using microsatellites in Southwest Primorye, Russia
Authors: Lee Jangmi , Marchenkova Taisiia , Matiukhina Dina , Lim Anya , Kim Yung Kun , Jeong Daecheol , Hyun Jee Yun , Cho Sujoo , Kim Dong Youn , Li Ying , Darman Yury , Min Mi-Sook , Cho Je-Yeol , Bardyuk Victor , Lee Younghee , Pandey Puneet , Lee Hang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
The tiger population in Southwest Primorye is small and predominantly isolated from the main Sikhote-Alin population, which constitutes approximately 90% of the wild Amur tiger population. By 1996, this population declined to fewer than 10 individuals, but it has since grown and expanded into nearby habitats, now numbering over 50 individuals. Therefore, the regular genetic monitoring of this population is essential, as it has grown from a few founding members and remained geographically isolated.

Methods and results
Genetic diversity was assessed using nine heterologous microsatellite markers amplified from non-invasively collected samples of 20 individual tigers. The Southwest Primorye tiger population exhibited moderate genetic diversity, with allelic richness (Na) at 3.67 and observed heterozygosity (Ho) at 0.63. Additionally, we detected a slight tendency toward heterozygosity excess at several loci, with an overall negative FIS, which may be influenced by recent genetic admixture or subtle population structuring. comparative assessment between our study and Sugimoto et al. (2012) revealed a marginal increase in genetic diversity over time, suggesting improved genetic health of the population, potentially due to genetic exchange with other populations.

Conclusions
The significant growth and expansion of the Southwest Primorye tiger population into adjacent areas of Northeast China over the past two decades suggest a positive population trajectory. This modest increase in genetic diversity indicates a potentially favorable population condition. However, continuous genetic monitoring remains essential to track genetic trends, detect potential risks, and inform conservation strategies. This study highlights the need for ongoing evaluations to ensure the long-term survival of the Amur tiger population in Southwest Primorye.
On the calibration estimators of finite population proportion under remainder systematic sampling
Authors: Audu Ahmed , Aphane Maggie , Ahmad Jabir , Singh R. V. K. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Estimators of population parameters which utilized only information of the study variable tend to be sensitive to outliers or extreme values that may characterize sampling information due to randomness in selection thereby making them to be less efficient and robust. One of the approaches often adopted in sampling survey to address aforementioned issue is to utilize auxiliary variable information. Therefore, this study introduced a new calibration method for estimating a population proportion using remainder systematic sampling with the help of an auxiliary attribute. A new calibration scheme was developed and the theoretical expressions for the optimized resultant estimators for estimator proportion of population attribute were derived. The motivation for using calibration methods is due to their ability to reduce bias, enhance precision, utilize auxiliary information, provide flexibility, comply with standards, and improve decision-making. These benefits collectively contribute to more reliable and valid estimates, making them an essential aspect of modern sampling techniques. The theoretical findings were supported by simulation studies on nine populations generated using the binomial distribution with various success probabilities. The simulation results showed that the proposed estimators under the proposed calibration schemes performed more efficiently on average compared to the traditional unbiased estimator of the population proportion under remainder systematic sampling. The numerical results of the demonstrated the superiority of the proposed calibrated estimators over the existing conventional estimators in terms of biasness, efficiency, robustness, stability as well as efficiency gain.
Whistleblowing: incentives and situational determinants
Authors: Schmolke Klaus Ulrich , Utikal Verena 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Law makers increasingly try to capitalize on individuals having acquired knowledge of corporate crimes or other misconduct by inducing them to blow the whistle. In a laboratory experiment we measure the effectiveness of incentives on the willingness to report such misconduct to a sanctioning authority. We find that fines for non-reporting insiders, rewards, and even simple commands, increase the probability of whistleblowing. We find the strongest effect for fines. Situational determinants also influence the willingness to blow the whistle: Insiders who are negatively affected by the misconduct are more likely to blow the whistle than non-affected or profiting insiders. Those (negatively affected) victims are also sensitive to the misconduct’s impact on the authority sanctioning the misconduct (public authority or employer): Whistleblowing is more likely if the enforcement authority is negatively affected compared to positively or not affected.