bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The causal relationship between autoimmune thyroid disorders and telomere length: A Mendelian randomization and colocalization study
Authors: Liu Xue , Yuan Jie , Liu Shuai , Wang Xinhui , Tang Mulin , Meng Xue , Li Yuchen , Chai Yuwei , Wang Yuyao , Tian Guoyu , Liu Xueying , Zhou Huizhi , Kou Chunjia , Zhang Li , Yuan Zhongshang , Zhang Haiqing 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate whether there is a causal relationship between autoimmune thyroid disorders (AITDs) and telomere length (TL) in the European population and whether there is reverse causality. In this study, Mendelian randomization (MR) and colocalization analysis were conducted to assess the potential causal relationship between AITDs and TL using summary statistics from large‐scale genome‐wide association studies, followed by analysis of the relationship between TL and thyroid stimulating hormone and free thyroxine (FT4) to help interpret the findings. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was used to estimate the causal estimates. The weighted median, MR‒Egger and leave‐one‐out methods were used as sensitivity analyses. The IVW method results showed a significant causal relationship between autoimmune hyperthyroidism and TL (β = −1.93 × 10−2; p = 4.54 × 10−5). There was no causal relationship between autoimmune hypothyroidism and TL (β = −3.99 × 10−3; p = 0.324). The results of the reverse MR analysis showed that genetically TL had a significant causal relationship on autoimmune hyperthyroidism (IVW: odds ratio (OR) = 0.49; p = 2.83 × 10−4) and autoimmune hypothyroidism (IVW: OR = 0.86; p = 7.46 × 10−3). Both horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity tests indicated the validity of our bidirectional MR study. Finally, colocalization analysis suggested that there were shared causal variants between autoimmune hyperthyroidism and TL, further highlighting the robustness of the results. In conclusion, autoimmune hyperthyroidism may accelerate telomere attrition, and telomere attrition is a causal factor for AITDs.
Adult stem cells in the eye: Identification, characterisation, and therapeutic application in ocular regeneration – A review
Authors: Xiao Yuting , McGhee Charles N. J. , Zhang Jie 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAdult stem cells, present in various parts of the human body, are undifferentiated cells that can proliferate and differentiate to replace dying cells within tissues. Stem cells have specifically been identified in the cornea, trabecular meshwork, crystalline lens, iris, ciliary body, retina, choroid, sclera, conjunctiva, eyelid, lacrimal gland, and orbital fat. The identification of ocular stem cells broadens the potential therapeutic strategies for untreatable eye diseases. Currently, stem cell transplantation for corneal and conjunctival diseases remains the most common stem cell‐based therapy in ocular clinical management. Lens epithelial stem cells have been applied in the treatment of paediatric cataracts. Several early‐phase clinical trials for corneal and retinal regeneration using ocular stem cells are also underway. Extensive preclinical studies using ocular stem cells have been conducted, showing encouraging outcomes. Ocular stem cells currently demonstrate great promise in potential treatments of eye diseases. In this review, we focus on the identification, characterisation, and therapeutic application of adult stem cells in the eye.
Association of biofilm formation, antimicrobial resistance, clinical characteristics, and clinical outcomes among Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from patients with ventilator‐associated pneumonia
Authors: Chukamnerd Arnon , Saipetch Niwat , Singkhamanan Kamonnut , Ingviya Natnicha , Assanangkornchai Nawaporn , Surachat Komwit , Chusri Sarunyou 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionBiofilm formation is an important virulence factor of Acinetobacter baumannii. Here, we examined the biofilm formation of archived A. baumannii causing ventilator‐associated pneumonia (VAP).MethodsEighteen and twenty isolates of A. baumannii causing bacteremic pneumonia and non‐bacteremic pneumonia were included, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution method, while biofilm formation was evaluated by microtiter dish biofilm formation assay.ResultsAll 38 isolates were still susceptible to colistin and tigecycline, whereas almost all isolates were non‐susceptible (intermediate to resistant) to several antimicrobial agents, especially ceftriaxone and cefotaxime. Approximately, 44% of bacteremic isolates and 50% of non‐bacteremic isolates were classified as carbapenem‐resistant A. baumannii (CRAB). Biofilm formation was detected in 42% of the studied isolates. Bacteremia among the patients infected with biofilm‐producing isolates was significantly higher than in those infected with non‐biofilm‐producing isolates. The antimicrobial susceptibilities of A. baumannii with biofilm formation were lower than those without biofilm formation, but the differences did not have statistical significance. The patients infected with non‐biofilm‐producing isolates had good clinical and non‐clinical outcomes than those infected with biofilm‐producing isolates. The survival rate of patients diagnosed with VAP due to biofilm‐producing A. baumannii was lower than in those patients diagnosed with VAP due to non‐biofilm‐producing isolates.ConclusionBiofilm formation of A. baumannii causing VAP was associated with antimicrobial resistance and bacteremia as well as unfavorable clinical outcomes.
Efficacy and safety of adamgammadex for reversing rocuronium‐induced deep neuromuscular blockade: A multicenter, randomized, phase IIb study
Authors: Zhao Yanhua , Chen Sifan , Xie Wenqin , Zhang Xiaoqing , Chen Guozhong , Ji Fuhai , Wang Dongxin , Qi Youmao , Jie Qing , Su Diansan , Yu Weifeng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe rapid reversal of deep neuromuscular blockade (NMB) is important but remains challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adamgammadex versus sugammadex in reversing deep rocuronium‐induced NMB. This multicenter, randomized, phase IIb study included 80 patients aged 18–64 years, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade 1–2, undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia with rocuronium. Patients were randomized to the adamgammadex 7, 8, and 9 mg/kg group or the sugammadex 4 mg/kg group. The primary efficacy variable was the time to recovery of train‐of‐four ratio (TOFr) to 0.9. The secondary efficacy variables were the time to recovery of TOFr to 0.7, antagonistic success rate of the recovery of TOFr to 0.9 within 5 min, and incidence rate of recurarization within 30 min after drug administration. The explorative efficacy variable was the time to recovery of the corrected TOFr to 0.9 (actual/baseline TOF ratio). Adamgammadex 7, 8, and 9 mg/kg and sugammadex 4 mg/kg groups did not significantly differ in all efficacy variables. Importantly, adamgammadex 9 mg/kg permitted reversal within a geometric mean of 2.9 min. According to the safety profile, adamgammadex achieved good tolerance and low incidence of drug‐related adverse events compared with the 4 mg/kg sugammadex. Adamgammadex 7, 8, and 9 mg/kg facilitated rapid reversal of deep rocuronium‐induced NMB and had good tolerance and low incidence of drug‐related adverse events. Therefore, adamgammadex is a potential and promising alternative to sugammadex.
Teclistamab: Mechanism of action, clinical, and translational science
Authors: Guo Yue , Quijano Cardé Natalia A. , Kang Lijuan , Verona Raluca , Banerjee Arnob , Kobos Rachel , Chastain Katherine , Uhlar Clarissa , Pillarisetti Kodandaram , Doyle Margaret , Smit Jennifer , Haddish‐Berhane Nahor , Ouellet Daniele 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM) remains incurable despite improvements in treatment options. B‐cell maturation antigen (BCMA) is predominantly expressed in B‐lineage cells and represents a promising new target for MM. Teclistamab (TECVAYLITM) is the first T‐cell redirecting bispecific antibody approved for patients with MM. Targeting both CD3 receptor complex on T cells and BCMA on myeloma cells, teclistamab leads to T‐cell activation and subsequent lysis of BCMA+ cells. The recommended dose of teclistamab is 1.5 mg/kg subcutaneous weekly after two step‐up doses of 0.06 and 0.3 mg/kg, which was selected after review of safety, efficacy, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic data. Exposure‐response analyses of efficacy and safety data were also used to confirm the teclistamab dose. Teclistamab resulted in a high rate of deep and durable responses (63% overall response, 45.5% complete response or better, with 22 months median duration of response) in patients with triple‐exposed relapsed/refractory MM. Common adverse reactions included cytokine release syndrome, hematologic abnormalities, and infections. Teclistamab is currently being investigated as monotherapy as well as combination therapy across different MM indications.
Trust, value, and public opinion: Learning to listen
Authors: Dickenson Victoria 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHow do museum professionals know that the institutions they serve are valued by the public? And who are the public or publics being served? Why should museums be trusted? It can be argued that one of the most important elements of professional knowledge is an understanding of the publics we serve and what the people who constitute these publics value in, and about museums. Despite its importance, the question has been little studied. This paper uses two national public opinion surveys conducted in Canada nearly 50 years apart to document changing perceptions of museums in Canada over the last half century and places their findings in the context of comparative studies in the United States, Europe, and Britain. The paper also looks at the curious tension between what museum professionals think about museums and what the public says about them, and how this can shape museum theory and practice.
Identifizierung von Biomarkern und neuen therapeutischen Zielen beim Aderhautmelanom
Authors: Wessely Anja , Koch Elias A. T. , Vera Julio , Berking Carola , Heppt Markus V. 
Published: January 2024

ZusammenfassungDas Uveamelanom (UM) ist eine seltene Krebserkrankung, obwohl es der häufigste Tumor des Auges bei Erwachsenen ist. Die Patienten werden meist in Hautkrebszentren zur Behandlung der metastasierten Erkrankung vorgestellt. Es gibt jedoch erhebliche genetische, biologische und klinische Unterschiede zum kutanen Melanom. Die bei metastasiertem UM am häufigsten eingesetzten Therapien sind Tebentafusp und die kombinierte Immuncheckpoint‐Blockade, die beide niedrige Ansprechraten aufweisen und mit hohen Behandlungskosten und erheblichen immunbedingten Toxizitäten verbunden sein können. Daher ist es von größter Bedeutung, einerseits Biomarker und klinische Profile zu identifizieren, die das Ansprechen auf die Behandlung vorhersagen können und andererseits neue therapeutische Ziele zu finden. Der Einsatz der Immuncheckpoint‐Blockade zeigte in einer Reihe retrospektiver Studien günstigere Ergebnisse bei Patienten mit extrahepatischer Metastasierung und normalen Laktatdehydrogenase‐Werten im Serum, so dass ihr Einsatz in dieser Subgruppe sinnvoller scheint. Um neue Zielmoleküle für Medikamente zu identifizieren, werden wir die Expression und Relevanz von Transkriptionsfaktoren der Neuralleiste in Bioproben von Patienten mit Next‐Generation‐Sequenzierung der dritten Generation analysieren. Computeralgorithmen und netzwerkbasierte Analysen werden die Identifizierung von Zielstrukturen für Medikamente erleichtern, die anschließend in Kurzzeit‐Zellkulturen von Patienten validiert werden. Dieser Ansatz wird dazu beitragen, neue und personalisierte Behandlungen für das UM zu finden.
Drug survival und klinische Wirksamkeit von Secukinumab, Ixekizumab, Brodalumab, Guselkumab, Risankizumab und Tildrakizumab in der Behandlung der Psoriasis
Authors: Mastorino Luca , Dapavo Paolo , Susca Sara , Cariti Caterina , Siliquini Niccolò , Verrone Anna , Stroppiana Elena , Ortoncelli Michela , Quaglino Pietro , Ribero Simone 
Published: January 2024

ZusammenfassungHintergrundBiologika, die die Interleukine IL‐23 and IL‐17 hemmen, haben sich in der Behandlung der mittelschweren bis schweren Psoriasis als sicher und wirksam erwiesen.StudienzielMedikamenten‐Überleben bei Patienten mit Psoriasis zu untersuchen, die mit Biologika behandelt werden.Patienten und MethodenWir haben die Erreichung des PASI 90 und PASI ≤3 nach 16, 28, and 52 Wochen im Vergleich der IL‐17‐ und IL‐23‐Inhibitoren Brodalumab, Ixekizumab, Secukinumab, Risankizumab, Tildrakizumab und Guselkumab bei insgesamt 1057 Patienten untersucht sowie eine Drug Survival‐Analyse durchgeführt.ErgebnisseUnter IL‐17‐Inhibitoren wurden PASI 90 und PASI ≤3 schneller erreicht; nach 16 Wochen waren sie den IL‐23‐Inhibitoren signifikant überlegen (p <0,001; 56% vs. 42% beziehungsweise 70% vs. 59%). Im Drug Survival zeigte sich allerdings ein Vorteil für die IL‐23‐Inhibitoren; dieses betrug nach 24 Monaten 88% im Gegensatz zu 75% für die IL‐17‐Inhibitoren (p <0,001). In der multivariaten Analyse waren die IL‐23‐Inhibitoren (HR 0,54 CI 0,37–0,78, p = 0,001) sowie männliches Geschlecht (HR 0,57 CI 0,42–0,76, p <0,001) mit einer geringeren Wahrscheinlichkeit des Absetzens der Medikation assoziiert. Risankizumab (HR 0,42 CI 0,26‐0,69, p = 0,001), Guselkumab (HR 0,49 CI 0,24–0,99, p = 0,046) und männliches Geschlecht (HR 0,57 CI 0,43–0,77, p <0,001) waren mit geringerer Wahrscheinlichkeit des Absetzens der Medikation assoziiert als Secukinumab.SchlussfolgerungIL‐23‐Inhibitoren zeigten bezüglich des Drug Survival die besten Ergebnisse. Auf kürzere Sicht waren die IL‐17‐Inhibitoren wirksamer, aber die Langzeitergebnisse sprechen eher für die IL‐23‐Inhibitoren.
Pockenvirusinfektionen in der Dermatologie
Authors: Obermeier Patrick E. , Buder Susanne C. , Hillen Uwe 
Published: January 2024

ZusammenfassungDie FamiliePoxviridaeumfasst derzeit 22 Gattungen, die Wirbeltiere infizieren können. Humanpathogene Pockenviren gehören den GattungenOrtho‐,Para‐,Mollusci‐undYatapoxvirusan. Bis zur Eradikation der Variola vera im Jahr 1979 waren die Pocken, im Volksmund auch Blattern genannt, eine schwerwiegende Gesundheitsbedrohung für die Bevölkerung. Noch heute sind Dermatologen mit zahlreichen Pockenvirusinfektionen konfrontiert, wie den Bauernhofpocken, die als Zoonosen nach Tierkontakten in ländlichen Gebieten oder nach Massenversammlungen auftreten können. In den Tropen können Erkrankungen durch Tanapox‐ oder Vaccinia‐Viren zu den Differenzialdiagnosen gehören. Dellwarzen sind weltweit verbreitet und werden in bestimmten Fällen als sexuell übertragbare Pockenvirusinfektion angesehen. In jüngster Zeit hatten sich Mpox (Affenpocken) zu einer gesundheitlichen Notlage von internationaler Tragweite entwickelt, die eine rasche Identifizierung und angemessene Behandlung durch Dermatologen und Infektiologen erfordert. Fortschritte und neue Erkenntnisse über Epidemiologie, Diagnose, klinische Manifestationen und Komplikationen sowie Behandlung und Prävention von Pockenvirusinfektionen erfordern ein hohes Maß an Fachwissen und interdisziplinärer Zusammenarbeit in den Bereichen Virologie, Infektiologie und Dermatologie. Dieser CME‐Artikel bietet einen aktualisierten systematischen Überblick, um praktizierende Dermatologen bei der Identifizierung, Differenzialdiagnose und Behandlung klinisch relevanter Pockenvirusinfektionen zu unterstützen.
Comparison of telomere length in patients with bone marrow failure syndromes and healthy controls
Authors: Barade Aruna , Lakshmi Kavitha M. , Korula Anu , Abubacker Fouzia N. , Kulkarni Uday P. , Abraham Aby , Mathews Vikram , George Biju , Edison Eunice S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionDuring normal aging, telomeric DNA is gradually lost in dividing somatic cells, and critically short telomeres lead to replicative senescence, apoptosis, or chromosomal instability. We studied telomere length in bone marrow failure syndromes (BMFS) compared to normal healthy population.MethodsPeripheral blood was collected from the participants, and genomic DNA was extracted. Relative telomere length was measured using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS and GraphPad Prism 8.2 software.ResultsThe median age of normal Indian population was 31 (0–60) years. As expected, telomere length (TL) showed a decline with age and no difference in TL between males and females. The median age of 650 patients with aplastic anemia (AA) was 30 (1–60) years. TL was significantly shorter in patients with AA compared to healthy controls (p < .001). In FA and MDS patients, TL was significantly shorter than age‐matched healthy controls (p = .028; p < .001), respectively. There was no difference between the median TL in age‐matched AA and FA patients (p = .727). However, patients with MDS had shorter TL than age‐matched AA (p = .031).ConclusionTL in BMF syndrome patients was significantly shorter than age‐matched healthy controls.
Extravagance and misery: Hegel on the multiplication and refinement of needs
Authors: García Mills Nicolás 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe topic of this paper is Hegel's claim in the Philosophy of Right that, within the modern social world, human needs tend to be endlessly expanded. Unlike the role that the system of needs plays in the formation of its participants' psychological makeup and the problem of poverty and the rabble, the topic of the expansion of needs remains underdiscussed in the recent Hegel literature on the virtues and vices of civil society. My discussion of the topic aims to answer the following two sets of questions: How does it come to pass that individuals' needs are endlessly expanded in this way? And is that expansion a phenomenon to be applauded or condemned? In particular, does the endless expansion of needs aid or obstruct the realization of social members' freedom? In answer to the first question, I argue that for Hegel the endless expansion of needs results from the level of specialization and division of labor distinctive of the modern market economy, the human capacity for a certain kind of abstraction, and the desire to be recognized by other participants in the market system. In answer to the second set of questions, and despite Hegel's own apparent ambivalence, I argue on his behalf that the endless expansion of needs represents an obstacle to the realization of freedom, and is on that ground a phenomenon to be condemned, for the following two reasons: First, the endless expansion of needs increases the influence or “pressure” of desire on the members of civil society that are subject to that expansion. Second, that expansion leads to widespread frustration, understood as the inability on the part of the members of civil society to ever fully realize their ends or satisfy their desires. I end by briefly considering two Hegelian solutions to the pernicious effects of the endless expansion of needs.
Kant on race and the radical evil in the human species
Authors: Papish Laura 
Published: January 2024

AbstractReligion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason remains one of the most opaque of Kant's published writings. Though this opacity belongs, partly, to the text itself, a key claim of this article is that this opacity stems also from the narrow lenses through which his readers view this text. Often read as part of Kant's moral philosophy or his universal history, the literature has thus far neglected a different vantage point on the Religion, one that does not refute the utility of these lenses but complements them. This paper places the Religion alongside parts of Kant's corpus that it is less typically paired with, namely his natural history writings—in particular, his writings on the concept of race and the development of the human races. I argue that by doing so, we can shed much light on Kant's infamous claim that there is a radical evil in the human species. More precisely, we will come to appreciate that this evil is not, as it is usually understood, a static property or fixed characteristic of human beings. Instead, radical evil concerns a dynamic, changing defect in human nature that increasingly threatens our aspirations to collective moral perfection.
Evaluation of oat (Avena sativa L.) populations for autumn sowing production in Southwest China
Authors: Zhang Yongjie , Li Shuchang , Dong Xiaolong , Mou Qiuyu , Li Jiajie , Zhang Xinyi , Lin Min , Yu Kaiquan , Zhou Pingping , Liu Xiaobo , Luo Xiaoling , Yan Honghai , Peng Yuanying 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMuch of Chinese animal husbandry relies on the continuous availability of forage crops, but climactic constraints in production regions cause seasonal shortages which threaten the industry. This study compares the major characteristics of different forage oat lines and cultivars to evaluate their suitability for cultivation in the winter fallow fields of southwest China. To achieve this goal, six oat populations (2 cultivars and 4 lines) were sown in autumn in three locations in southwest China. Yield‐related traits such as dry matter yield (DMY) and plant height (PH), as well as nutritional traits such as crude protein (CP), crude ash (ASH), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), and relative feed value (RFV) were measured during two consecutive growing seasons. Our results indicate that all measured traits, with the exception of CP, were significantly influenced by environment, genotype, year and their interaction (p < .05). Forage yield (DMY) had a positive correlation with PH and RFV, but a strong negative one with nutritional values, suggesting a trade‐off between yield and quality. Among the six oat populations, ‘WC109’ consistently displayed the highest DMY, PH, and CP mean values as well as lower ASH, NDF, and ADF compared to all the other cultivars/lines. Based on these findings, ‘WC109’ was selected as the ideal candidate for autumn‐sown forage oat in southwest China.