bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How fluctuation intensity flux drives SOL expansion
Authors: Li Nami , Xu X.Q. , Diamond P.H. , Zhang T. , Liu X. , Wang Y.F. , Yan N. , Xu G.S. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Predictions of heat load widths

λ
q

based on particle orbits alone are very pessimistic. This paper shows that pedestal peeling-ballooning (P-B) magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence broadens the stable scrape-off layer (SOL) by the transport, or spreading, of fluctuation energy from the pedestal.

λ
q

is seen to increase with

Γ
ε

, the fluctuation energy density flux. We elucidate the fundamental physics of the spreading process.

Γ
ε

increases with pressure fluctuation correlation length. P-B turbulence is seen to be especially effective at spreading, on account of its large effective mixing length. Spreading is shown to be a multiscale process, which is enhanced by the synergy of large and small-scale modes. Pressure fluctuation skewness correlates well with the spreading flux–with the zero crossing of skewness and

Γ
ε

spatially coincident–suggesting the role of coherent fluctuation structures and the presence of intermittency in

λ
q

broadening.

λ
q

∼

B

p

−
1

scaling persists for the broadened SOL. We show that the spreading flux increases for increasing pedestal pressure gradient

∇

P
0

and for decreasing pedestal collisionality

υ

ped

∗

. This trend is due to the dominance of peeling modes for large

∇

P
0

and low

υ

ped

∗

. Ultimately, we see that a state of weak MHD turbulence, as for small ELMs, is very attractive for heat load management. Our findings have transformative implications for future fusion reactor designs and call for experimental investigations to validate the observed trends.
Synthesis and synergistic effect of cuprous(I) oxide nanoparticles and polyethyleneimine modified ammonium polyphosphate on enhancing the flame resistance of epoxy resin
Authors: Thi Doan Hai , Thi Nguyen Nhiem , Thi Hac Nhung , Thi Lan Huong Pham , Hoang Mai Ha , Ngo Quoc Anh , Nguyen Van Tuyen , Tran Vinh Quang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this study, cuprous(I) oxide nanoparticles (Cu2ONPs) and APP@PEI (polyethyleneimine-modified ammonium polyphosphate) materials were successfully synthesized and combined to create a flame-retardant system for the fabrication of epoxy (EP) resin with high flame resistance. The characteristic results revealed that the synthesized Cu2ONPs exhibited a particle shape with a size below 200 nm. The synthesized APP@PEI material possessed dimensions ranging from 10–20 micrometers, featuring a core–shell structure. The combination of Cu2ONPs and APP@PEI has proven to be an effective flame-retardant system, significantly enhancing the flame resistance of EP resin. The epoxy-based composite prepared with 2 wt% Cu2ONPs and 18 wt% APP@PEI demonstrated high flame resistance, achieving a V-0 rating (the highest rating according to the UL-94 method for evaluating the flame retardancy of materials) and a limiting oxygen index value of 36% (indicating the material’s self-extinguishing ability). This limiting oxygen index value was significantly higher than that of neat EP resin, which only reached 19%. The characteristic results of the flame-retardant epoxy-based composite demonstrated that both APP@PEI and Cu2ONPs were well dispersed in the EP resin and did not undergo structural transformation during the material preparation process. APP@PEI and Cu2ONPs enhanced the thermal degradation of EP-based composite materials at lower temperatures, exhibiting a faster degradation rate compared to EP resin. This augmentation facilitates the formation of a protective char layer on the surface of composite, thereby shielding it from direct flame exposure during combustion. Cu2ONPs played a role as oxidative catalysts, acting as Lewis acids. In addition to enhancing fire resistance, APP@PEI and Cu2ONPs have increased thermal conductivity, reduced impact strength, maintained tensile strength, and improved flexural strength of the composite material based on EP compared to neat EP resin.
A fault-tolerant variational quantum algorithm with limited T-depth
Authors: Sayginel Hasan , Jamet Francois , Agarwal Abhishek , Browne Dan E , Rungger Ivan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We propose a variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) algorithm that uses a fault-tolerant (FT) gate-set, and is hence suitable for implementation on a future error-corrected quantum computer. VQE quantum circuits are typically designed for near-term, noisy quantum devices and have continuously parameterized rotation gates as the central building block. On the other hand, an FT quantum computer (FTQC) can only implement a discrete set of logical gates, such as the so-called Clifford+T gates. We show that the energy minimization of VQE can be performed with such an FT discrete gate-set, where we use the Ross–Selinger algorithm to transpile the continuous rotation gates to the error-correctable Clifford+T gate-set. We find that there is no loss of convergence when compared to the one of parameterized circuits if an adaptive accuracy of the transpilation is used in the VQE optimization. State preparation with VQE requires only a moderate number of T-gates, depending on the system size and transpilation accuracy. We demonstrate these properties on emulators for two prototypical spin models with up to 16 qubits. This is a promising result for the integration of VQE and more generally variational algorithms in the emerging FT setting, where they can form building blocks of the general quantum algorithms that will become accessible in an FTQC.
Analysis of spatial and temporal evolution and drivers of cropland in the economic zone of the northern slope of Tianshan mountain
Authors: Qiao Xiang , Liu Hongguang , Liu Yang , Gong Ping , Li Pengfei , Li Ling 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The rapid population growth has intensified the need for increased food production, making cropland resources crucial for ensuring food security. Comprehending the evolutionary trends of cropland resources can aid in making well-informed decisions concerning their judicious utilization and contribute to the enhancement of ecological stability. In this investigation, the focus was directed towards the economic zone of the northern slope of Tianshan Mountain, situated in the arid expanse of northwest China. By analyzing land use data from 2000 to 2020, a range of methodologies, including Lorenz curves, local spatial autocorrelation, and Geodetector were employed to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution patterns, evolution, driving forces, heterogeneity, and driving mechanisms of cropland in this region. The findings revealed that the cropland in research area underwent three distinct stages: steady expansion, rapid expansion, and relative stability. The overall annual increase rate was 11.993%, primarily driven by the conversion of grassland and unused land. The spatial distribution of cropland resources was uneven, with concentrations in the central oasis plains in the form of strips and patches. The center of gravity of cropland exhibited a circular movement pattern of ‘northwest-southeast-northwest’. The migration speed followed a sequence of ‘slow-fast-slow’, and the spatial distribution appeared scattered. The main driving forces influencing cropland change included mean annual temperature, elevation, total grain output and agricultural output value. Among these, socioeconomic factors (0.403, 0.430) exerted a greater influence on the spatial distribution of cropland compared to natural factors (0.167). Most interactions between the factors demonstrated non-linear enhancement and two-factor enhancement. The discoveries of this study can assist decision-makers in formulating conservation strategies for cropland based on the current status of cropland resources and drivers in different regions. Furthermore, these findings can stimulate the coordinated development of cropland, water resources, population, and industries, facilitating informed decision-making across various domains.
Effect of hybridization on camphor soot-embedded palmyra fiber-reinforced nylon nanocomposites
Authors: Raghavendra T , C A Niranjan , Shilpa M , K Panneerselvam , Singh Akriti 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the present study, camphor soot-filled palmyra fiber-reinforced nylon-6 hybrid nanocomposites (CPFNnC) were prepared using a twin-screw extruder with different wt% of CPFNnC (0, 3, 6 or 9 wt%). These composites were characterized to study their thermal, mechanical and rheological properties. Thermogravimetric analysis showed a marginal increase in thermal stability with 6 wt% CPFNnC. Differential scanning calorimetry curves showed a slight increment in the melting point in CPFNnC, while degradation temperature decreased with fiber content. Dynamic mechanical analysis indicated a maximum storage modulus for 6 wt% CPFNnC at 803 MPa compared with fiber-free nylon-6 (696 MPa at 25 °C). Tan δ for 3 wt% CPFNnC showed a better damping effect due to the existence of palmyra fibers. Creep results indicated that CPFNnC containing 6 wt% fibers has a minimum depth impression of 0.124 mm compared with fiber-free nylon with 0.146 mm. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a uniform distribution of modified palmyra fibers in the matrix and brittle fracture was observed in the CPFNnC. Compared with fiber-free nylon-6, the tensile strength, flexural strength and density of the CPFNnC increased with increase in fiber content; however, the impact strength was reduced and a lower melt flow index was found.
CAD system for epileptic seizure detection from EEG through image processing and SURF-BOF technique
Authors: Alshayeji Mohammad H 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most debilitating neurological diseases that abruptly alters a person’s way of life. Manual diagnosis is a laborious and time-consuming task prone to human error. Therefore, automating this task by developing an intelligent system is necessary. Existing deep learning (DL) models require high training time, large datasets, and machines with more memory and processing power. In addition, owing to the black-box nature of DL models, no one can determine the features that the network prefers for classification decisions. To overcome these challenges, this study proposes an accurate, automatic, and fast-intelligent system for epilepsy detection using a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) -two-dimensional machine learning (ML) framework. Existing ML models struggle to produce reliable and acceptable diagnostic results owing to the low amplitude and nonstationary nature of electroencephalograms (EEGs), particularly in clinical situations where environmental influences are almost impossible to eliminate. The proposed model was built using the Children’s Hospital Boston and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology dataset, and represents the first study that employs the speeded-up robust feature (SURF) bag of features technique for this application, which generates local features from spectrogram images of the respective one-dimensional EEG signal inputs. In addition, DL features were extracted from the spectrogram images for model performance comparison. Both features were used separately to train the ML classifiers. Implementing SURF offers fast computation and makes the model invariant to distortions, noise, scaling, and so on. Therefore, the proposed model is more suitable for real-time applications, and this ML framework provides an enhanced accuracy of 99.78% compared to the support vector machine-RBF classifier, along with 99.56% sensitivity, 100% specificity, and an error rate of 0.22%. The higher detection accuracy demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed framework for medical disease diagnosis applications.
N-Acetylcysteine Alleviates Phenylephrine-Induced Cardiomyocyte Dysfunction via Engaging PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway
Authors: Chao Sheng-ping , Cheng Wen-Lin , Yi Wenjuan , Cai Huan-Huan , Deng Keqiong , Cao Jian-Lei , Zeng Ziyue , Wang Hairong , Wu Xiaoyan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDIncreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress response lead to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis, which play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of heart failure. The purpose of current research was to explore the role of antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on cardiomyocyte dysfunction and the underlying molecular mechanisms.METHODS AND RESULTSCompared with control group without NAC treatment, NAC dramatically inhibited the cell size of primary cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) tested by immunofluorescence staining and reduced the expression of representative markers associated with hypertrophic, fibrosis and apoptosis subjected to phenylephrine administration examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot. Moreover, enhanced ROS expression was attenuated, whereas activities of makers related to oxidative stress response examined by individual assay Kits, including total antioxidation capacity (T-AOC), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and primary antioxidant enzyme Superoxide dismutase (SOD) were induced by NAC treatment in NRCMs previously treated with phenylephrine. Mechanistically, we noticed that the protein expression levels of phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and AKT were increased by NAC stimulation. More importantly, we identified that the negative regulation of NAC in cardiomyocyte dysfunction was contributed by PI3K/AKT signaling pathway through further utilization of PI3K/AKT inhibitor (LY294002) or agonist (SC79).CONCLUSIONSCollected, NAC could attenuate cardiomyocyte dysfunction subjected to phenylephrine, partially by regulating the ROS-induced PI3K/AKT-dependent signaling pathway.
Cosmetic Injection of Illicit Foreign Materials: Imaging Features and Patterns of Migration in 413 Cases
Authors: Kushida-Contreras Beatriz Hatsue , Gómez-Calva Brenda , Gaxiola-García Miguel Angel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
The injection of illicit, nonregulated foreign materials is increasingly common and has negative consequences relative to the inflammatory process that ensues.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to identify anatomical and imaging characteristics after the cosmetic injection of illicit foreign materials.

Methods
A retrospective review of clinical and imaging records was performed. The issues analyzed were the anatomical site, type of injected substance, imaging method for diagnosis, and patterns of migration.

Results
Data on 413 patients were collected. Most patients were female, with a mean age of 44 years. The most commonly infiltrated region was the buttocks (n = 284; 53.58%) followed by the breast (n = 99; 18.67%). Magnetic resonance imaging was the most common method of diagnosis in those patients who had an imaging study (159 out of 168). The most frequent depth of foreign material detected by imaging was the muscular plane (n = 103; 61.30%). Migration was detected in 56.55% of patients who had an imaging study. Most infiltrated substances were unknown; biopolymers were the most commonly identified substances. Depending on the type of substance, migration rates varied from 13% to 29%; rate differences were not statistically significant (P = .712). Migration was more common when the depth of infiltration was in muscle (77.66%) than in subcutaneous tissue (23.4%); this difference was statistically significant (P &lt; .0001).

Conclusions
Deep infiltration is related to greater migration rates, apparently regardless of the substance injected.

Level of Evidence: 3
Silk Bioprotein as a Novel Surgical-Site Wound Dressing: A Prospective, Randomized, Single-Blinded, Superiority Clinical Trial
Authors: Rouhani Daniel S , Singh Navin K , Chao James J , Almutairi Adah , Badowski-Platz Rebecca , Seradj Mehran H , Mofid Mehrdad Mark 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Medical adhesive-related skin injuries (MARSIs) affect about 1.5 million patients annually in the United States. Complications include allergic contact dermatitis, skin blistering, skin tears, and surgical-site infections (SSIs). The authors hypothesize that a natural hypoallergenic silk bioprotein wound dressing will decrease the incidence of MARSI in comparison to a synthetic alternative.

Objectives
This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of a silk bioprotein wound dressing compared to the Dermabond Prineo (Ethicon, Inc., Somerville, NJ) skin closure system.

Methods
This prospective, randomized, single-blinded trial studied 25 patients who were dressed with Dermabond Prineo on one side of their body and on the contralateral side with the silk bioprotein dressing after undergoing abdominoplasty or reduction mammaplasty procedures. Data were collected over 5 postoperative visits using photographs and an investigator administered questionnaire to track rash, itch, discomfort, erythema, edema, SSIs, need for pharmaceutical intervention, mechanical injury, removal time, and bathing routines.

Results
Sixty-four percent (16/25) of patients characterized the severity of discomfort as a score of 4 out of 10 or greater on the Dermabond Prineo control side and only 4% (1/25) for the silk-dressing side (P &lt; .001). Fifty-two percent (13/25) had a visible rash of 4 or higher on the Dermabond Prineo side of their incision and 0% (0/25) had a rash on the silk side (P &lt; .001). Fifty-two percent (13/25) required steroids or antibiotics to treat MARSI to Dermabond Prineo and 0% (0/25) required pharmaceutical intervention on the silk side (P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
The use of a silk bioprotein wound dressing significantly reduces the incidence of MARSI throughout the postoperative period.

Level of Evidence: 2
Evolution of the Push-2-Spin Fat Graft Processing Device: Enhancing Efficiency and Reducing Risk of Contamination
Authors: Loder Shawn J , Bengur Fuat Baris , Lee Phoebe L , Kokai Lauren 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Small-volume fat graft efficiency is a critical determinant of the cost and material effectiveness of aesthetic fat grafting in the clinical space. Recent development of devices, such as the Push-2-Spin (P2S) system (Pittsburgh, PA), has improved upon the process by yielding a rapid, handheld, multi-use system to minimize operative time and mess.

Objectives
In this study, the authors describe further technical innovations on the P2S prototype that improve operative ease of use, time, and safety.

Methods
Abdominoplasty samples were obtained as discarded tissue. Lipoaspirate was collected utilizing a 3.0 mm liposuction cannula and processed through centrifugation (Coleman technique), gauze (telfa) rolling, mesh straining, the tabletop P2S device (prototype), or the P2S handheld (P2S-H) device. Operative processing time, spin time, oil fraction, stromal vascular fraction (SVF) yield and viability, and adipocyte viability were assessed to compare the efficacy and viability of each device/technique. Blood agar smears of lipoaspirate were performed to assess for risk of contamination.

Results
The P2S-H device outperformed its prior iteration in rotary and processing speed and was significantly faster than each other technique assessed. Furthermore, the use of an inline system offered significant advantages over open-air techniques in terms of resistance to contamination. Serial use characteristics were assessed; under these conditions, oil yield as well as adipocyte and SVF number and viability was similar between all techniques.

Conclusions
The technical advancements to the P2S system which enable single-unit, handheld operation significantly improve operative time and minimize space requirements. This operative quality of life improvement comes at no cost to the efficacy of oil extraction, cellular yield, or cell viability.

Level of Evidence: 3
A safety framework for flow decomposition problems via integer linear programming
Authors: Dias Fernando H C , Cáceres Manuel , Williams Lucia , Mumey Brendan , Tomescu Alexandru I 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMotivationMany important problems in Bioinformatics (e.g. assembly or multiassembly) admit multiple solutions, while the final objective is to report only one. A common approach to deal with this uncertainty is finding “safe” partial solutions (e.g. contigs) which are common to all solutions. Previous research on safety has focused on polynomially time solvable problems, whereas many successful and natural models are NP-hard to solve, leaving a lack of “safety tools” for such problems. We propose the first method for computing all safe solutions for an NP-hard problem, “minimum flow decomposition” (MFD). We obtain our results by developing a “safety test” for paths based on a general integer linear programming (ILP) formulation. Moreover, we provide implementations with practical optimizations aimed to reduce the total ILP time, the most efficient of these being based on a recursive group-testing procedure.ResultsExperimental results on transcriptome datasets show that all safe paths for MFDs correctly recover up to 90% of the full RNA transcripts, which is at least 25% more than previously known safe paths. Moreover, despite the NP-hardness of the problem, we can report all safe paths for 99.8% of the over 27 000 non-trivial graphs of this dataset in only 1.5 h. Our results suggest that, on perfect data, there is less ambiguity than thought in the notoriously hard RNA assembly problem.Availability and implementationhttps://github.com/algbio/mfd-safety.
Inference of differential key regulatory networks and mechanistic drug repurposing candidates from scRNA-seq data with SCANet
Authors: Oubounyt Mhaned , Adlung Lorenz , Patroni Fabio , Wenke Nina Kerstin , Maier Andreas , Hartung Michael , Baumbach Jan , Elkjaer Maria L 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Motivation
The reconstruction of small key regulatory networks that explain the differences in the development of cell (sub)types from single-cell RNA sequencing is a yet unresolved computational problem.

Results
To this end, we have developed SCANet, an all-in-one package for single-cell profiling that covers the whole differential mechanotyping workflow, from inference of trait/cell-type-specific gene co-expression modules, driver gene detection, and transcriptional gene regulatory network reconstruction to mechanistic drug repurposing candidate prediction. To illustrate the power of SCANet, we examined data from two studies. First, we identify the drivers of the mechanotype of a cytokine storm associated with increased mortality in patients with acute respiratory illness. Secondly, we find 20 drugs for eight potential pharmacological targets in cellular driver mechanisms in the intestinal stem cells of obese mice.

Availability and implementation
SCANet is a free, open-source, and user-friendly Python package that can be seamlessly integrated into single-cell-based systems medicine research and mechanistic drug discovery.