bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of airborne LiDAR in river environments: the River Coquet, Northumberland, UK
Authors: Charlton M. E. , Large A. R. G. , Fuller I. C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe potential offered by LiDAR (laser‐induced direction and ranging) for the mapping of gravel‐bed river environments is addressed in this paper. A LiDAR dataset was obtained for a reach of the River Coquet, Northumberland, UK. Topographic data were acquired from the field at the same time using theodolite‐EDM survey of a number of cross‐profiles across the active river channel and bar units. These cross‐profiles provide a means of comparing measurements from the LiDAR data with ground survey. Ordnance Survey large‐scale mapping was used to georeference the survey data, which were then integrated with the LiDAR dataset using GIS software. A close correspondence between ground survey‐derived cross‐profiles and those generated using LiDAR is observed. However, the presence of both vegetation and deep water introduces anomalies in the LiDAR surface. Correction for these anomalies is needed to improve the accuracy of LiDAR mapping in the UK context and similar river environments. It is concluded that LiDAR has potential as an accurate survey tool for obtaining high resolution topographic data from unvegetated, exposed bar surfaces. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multicriteria methods for technology foresight
Authors: Salo Ahti , Gustafsson Tommi , Ramanathan Ramakrishnan 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn recent years, many countries have carried out foresight exercises to better exploit scientific and technological opportunities. Often, these exercises have sought to identify ‘critical’ or ‘key’ technologies or, more broadly, to establish research priorities. In this paper, we consider the potential of multicriteria decision‐making methods in this kind of priority‐determination and examine the limitations of these methods in the foresight context. We also provide results from a combined evaluation and foresight study where multicriteria methods were deployed to support the shaping of research and technology development activities in the Finnish forestry and forest industry. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detailed gene copy number and RNA expression analysis of the 17q12–23 region in primary breast cancers
Authors: Willis Simon , Hutchins Anne‐Marie , Hammet Fleur , Ciciulla John , Soo Wee‐Kheng , White David , van der Spek Peter , Henderson Michael A. , Gish Kurt , Venter Deon J. , Armes Jane E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractChromosome region 17q12–23 commonly shows an increase in DNA copy number in breast cancers, suggesting that several oncogenes are located at this site. We performed a high‐resolution expression array and comparative genomic hybridization analysis of genes mapped to the entire 17q12–23 region, to identify novel candidate oncogenes. We identified 24 genes that showed significant overexpression in breast cancers with gain of 17q12–23, compared to cancers without gain. These genes included previously identified oncogenes, together with several novel candidate oncogenes. FISH analysis using specific gene probes hybridized to tissue arrays confirmed the underlying amplification of overexpressed genes. This high‐resolution analysis of the 17q12–23 region indicates that several established and novel candidate oncogenes, including a Wnt‐signaling pathway member, are amplified and overexpressed within individual primary breast cancer samples. We were also able to confirm the presence of two apparently separate and reciprocally amplified groups of genes within this region. Investigation of these genes and their functional interactions will facilitate our understanding of breast oncogenesis and optimal management of this disease. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Deletion of Brca2 exon 27 causes hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinks, chromosomal instability, and reduced life span in mice
Authors: Donoho Greg , Brenneman Mark A. , Cui Tracy X. , Donoviel Dorit , Vogel Hannes , Goodwin Edwin H. , Chen David J. , Hasty Paul 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe Brca2 tumor‐suppressor gene contributes to genomic stability, at least in part by a role in homologous recombinational repair. BRCA2 protein is presumed to function in homologous recombination through interactions with RAD51. Both exons 11 and 27 of Brca2 code for domains that interact with RAD51; exon 11 encodes eight BRC motifs, whereas exon 27 encodes a single, distinct interaction domain. Deletion of all RAD51‐interacting domains causes embryonic lethality in mice. A less severe phenotype is seen with BRAC2 truncations that preserve some, but not all, of the BRC motifs. These mice can survive beyond weaning, but are runted and infertile, and die very young from cancer. Cells from such mice show hypersensitivity to some genotoxic agents and chromosomal instability. Here, we have analyzed mice and cells with a deletion of only the RAD51‐interacting region encoded by exon 27. Mice homozygous for this mutation (called brca2lex1) have a shorter life span than that of control littermates, possibly because of early onsets of cancer and sepsis. No other phenotype was observed in these animals; therefore, the brca2lex1 mutation is less severe than truncations that delete some BRC motifs. However, at the cellular level, the brca2lex1 mutation causes reduced viability, hypersensitivity to the DNA interstrand crosslinking agent mitomycin C, and gross chromosomal instability, much like more severe truncations. Thus, the extreme carboxy‐terminal region encoded by exon 27 is important for BRCA2 function, probably because it is required for a fully functional interaction between BRCA2 and RAD51. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prostate cancer aggressiveness locus on chromosome segment 19q12–q13.1 identified by linkage and allelic imbalance studies
Authors: Neville Phillippa J. , Conti David V. , Krumroy Lisa M. , Catalona William J. , Suarez Brian K. , Witte John S. , Casey Graham 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWhole‐genome scan studies recently identified a locus on chromosome segments 19q12–q13.11 linked to prostate tumor aggressiveness by use of the Gleason score as a quantitative trait. We have now completed finer‐scale linkage mapping across this region that confirmed and narrowed the candidate region to 2 cM, with a peak between markers D19S875 and D19S433. We also performed allelic imbalance (AI) studies across this region in primary prostate tumors from 52 patients unselected for family history or disease status. A high level of AI was observed, with the highest rates at markers D19S875 (56%) and D19S433 (60%). Furthermore, these two markers defined a smallest common region of AI of 0.8 Mb, with 15 (29%) prostate tumors displaying interstitial AI involving one or both markers. In addition, we noted a positive association between AI at marker D19S875 and extension of tumor beyond the margin (P = 0.02) as well as a higher Gleason score (P = 0.06). These data provide strong evidence that we have mapped a prostate tumor aggressiveness locus to chromosome segments 19q12–q13.11 that may play a role in both familial and non‐familial forms of prostate cancer. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of t(9;11) chromosomal breakpoint sequences in childhood acute leukemia: Almost identical MLL breakpoints in therapy‐related AML after treatment without etoposides
Authors: Langer Thorsten , Metzler Markus , Reinhardt Dirk , Viehmann Susanne , Borkhardt Arndt , Reichel Martin , Stanulla Martin , Schrappe Martin , Creutzig Ursula , Ritter Jörg , Leis Thomas , Jacobs Ulla , Harbott Jochen , Beck Jörn D. , Rascher Wolfgang , Repp Reinald 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe translocation t(9;11)(p22;q23) is a recurring chromosomal abnormality in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) fusing two genes designated as MLL and AF9. Within MLL, almost all rearrangements cluster in an 8.3‐kb restricted region and fuse 5′ portions of MLL to a variety of heterologous genes in various 11q23 translocations. AF9 is one of the most common fusion partners of MLL. It spans more than 100 kb, and two breakpoint cluster regions (BCRs) have been identified in a telomeric region of intron 4 (BCR1) and within introns 7 and 8 (BCR2). We investigated 11 children's bone marrow or peripheral blood samples (3 AML, 5 t‐AML, 2 ALL, 1 ALL relapse) and two cell lines (THP‐1 and Mono‐Mac‐6) with cytogenetically diagnosed translocations t(9;11). By use of an optimized multiplex nested long‐range PCR assay, a breakpoint‐spanning DNA fragment from each sample was amplified and directly sequenced. In four patients and two cell lines, the AF9 breakpoints were located within BCR1 and in two patients within BCR2, respectively. However, in five patients the AF9 breakpoints were found outside the previously described BCRs within the centromeric region of intron 4 and even within intron 3 in one case. All five patients with a secondary AML, who had not received etoposides during treatment of the primary malignant disease, revealed almost identical MLL breakpoints very close to a breakage hot spot inducible by topoisomerase II inhibitors or apoptotic triggers in vitro. Sequence patterns around the breakpoints indicated involvement of a “damage‐repair mechanism” in the development of t(9;11) similar to t(4;11) in infants' acute leukemia. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pancreatic carcinoma cell lines with SMAD4 inactivation show distinct expression responses to TGFB1
Authors: Jonson Tord , Heidenblad Markus , Håkansson Petra , Gorunova Ludmila , Johansson Bertil , Fioretos Thoas , Höglund Mattias 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTransforming growth factor beta‐1 (TGFB1)–induced gene expression was studied in five pancreatic carcinoma cell lines and one known TGFB1‐sensitive cell line (HaCaT) by use of high‐density filter‐based cDNA microarrays representing over 4,000 human genes. The results indicate a complex cellular response to TGFB1 with 10% of the investigated genes showing altered expression after 3 or 48 hr of TGFB1 exposure. The tumor cell lines displayed a gradually inversed gene expression pattern, which correlated with reduced sensitivity to TGFB1, as compared to the HaCaT cell line. In the HaCaT cells, several proapoptotic genes showed increased expression in response to TGFB1, whereas the expression of antiapoptotic genes was decreased. In contrast, two pancreatic carcinoma cell lines, previously found to be growth stimulated by TGFB1, displayed an expression pattern opposite to that of these genes. Similarly, the expression of other functional groups of genes, such as cell cycle and transcription factor related genes, was almost completely reversed in these two tumor cell lines. Importantly, three of the five investigated pancreatic carcinoma cell lines responded to TGFB1, although they had SMAD4 inactivations, suggesting that the observed gene expression changes in these cell lines must be accomplished by SMAD‐independent pathways. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Insights into biaxial extensional tectonics: an examplefrom the Sandıklı Graben, West Anatolia, Turkey
Authors: Cihan Mustafa , Saraç Gerçek , Gökçe Oktay 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWest Anatolia, together with the Aegean Sea and the easternmost part of Europe, is one of the best examples of continental extensional tectonics. It is a complex area bounded by the Aegean–Cyprus Arc to the south and the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) to the north. Within this complex and enigmatic framework, the Sandıklı Graben (10 km wide, 30 km long) has formed at the eastern continuation of the Western Anatolian extensional province at the north‐northwestward edge of the Isparta Angle. Recent studies have suggested that the horst–graben structures in West Anatolia formed in two distinct extensional phases. According to this model the first phase of extension commenced in the Early–Middle Miocene and the last, which is accepted as the onset of neotectonic regime, in Early Pliocene. However, it is controversial whether two‐phase extension was separated by a short period of erosion or compression during Late Miocene–Early Pliocene. Both field observations and kinematic analysis imply that the Sandıklı Graben has existed since the Late Pliocene, with biaxial extension on its margins which does not necessarily indicate rotation of regional stress distribution in time. Although the graben formed later in the neotectonic period, the commencement of extension in the area could be Early Pliocene (c. 5 Ma) following a severe but short time of erosion at the end of Late Miocene. The onset of the extensional regime might be due to the initiation of westward motion of Anatolian Platelet along the NAFZ that could be triggered by the higher rate of subduction at the east Aegean–Cyprus Arc in the south of the Aegean Sea. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
White matter tractography using diffusion tensor deflection
Authors: Lazar Mariana , Weinstein David M. , Tsuruda Jay S. , Hasan Khader M. , Arfanakis Konstantinos , Meyerand M. Elizabeth , Badie Benham , Rowley Howard A. , Haughton Victor , Field Aaron , Alexander Andrew L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractDiffusion tensor MRI provides unique directional diffusion information that can be used to estimate the patterns of white matter connectivity in the human brain. In this study, the behavior of an algorithm for white matter tractography is examined. The algorithm, called TEND, uses the entire diffusion tensor to deflect the estimated fiber trajectory. Simulations and imaging experiments on in vivo human brains were performed to investigate the behavior of the tractography algorithm. The simulations show that the deflection term is less sensitive than the major eigenvector to image noise. In the human brain imaging experiments, estimated tracts were generated in corpus callosum, corticospinal tract, internal capsule, corona radiata, superior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, fronto‐occipital fasciculus, and uncinate fasciculus. This approach is promising for mapping the organizational patterns of white matter in the human brain as well as mapping the relationship between major fiber trajectories and the location and extent of brain lesions. Hum. Brain Mapping 18:306–321, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preferences and person trade‐offs: forcing consistency or inconsistency in health‐related quality of life measures?
Authors: Mansley Edward C. , Elbasha Elamin H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe consider assumptions about preferences implicit in the person trade‐off exercises used to derive health‐related quality of life measures for the Global and US Burden of Disease Projects. Because these methods and their results have the potential of being adopted by other researchers, a critical review of this methodology and its assumptions is warranted. Exercise participants are told that quality of life valuation is approached using two different questions to reveal logical inconsistencies in each person's responses. An inconsistency is claimed to exist if a participant's two responses violate a particular mathematical relationship, and participants are forced to modify their responses to satisfy that relationship. We demonstrate that this supposed ‘logical’ relationship need not hold for logically consistent, rational individuals, and we prove that the relationship will in fact hold only for a particular class of social value functions exhibiting two characteristics that may not be consistent with the preferences of some participants. These results imply that the forced modification may invalidate some responses, as it may require some participants to provide final answers that are inconsistent with their true preferences. We then discuss preference characterizations in the existing person trade‐off literature, from which this relationship may have been derived. Published in 2002 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of cigarette prices on youth smoking
Authors: Ross Hana , Chaloupka Frank J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPrior economic research provides mixed evidence on the impact of cigarette prices on youth smoking. This paper empirically tests the effects of various price measures on youth demand for cigarettes using data collected in a recent nationally representative survey of 17 287 high school students. In addition to commonly used cigarette price measures, the study also examined the effect of price as perceived by the students. This unique information permits the study of the effect of teen‐specific price on cigarette demand. The analysis employed a two‐part model of cigarette demand based on a model developed by Cragg (1971) in which the propensity to smoke and the intensity of the smoking habit are modeled separately. The results confirm that higher cigarette prices, irrespective of the way they are measured, reduce probability of youth cigarette smoking. There is also some evidence of negative price effect on smoking intensity, but it is sensitive to the price measure used in the model. The largest impact on cigarette demand has the teen‐specific, perceived price of cigarettes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A note on cost‐value analysis
Authors: Østerdal Lars Peter 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe discuss ‘cost‐value analysis’, a method for health care resource allocation suggested by Nord et al. (Nord E et al. Incorporating societal concerns for fairness in numerical valuations of health programmes. Health Econ 1999; 8: 25–39). Some difficulties and issues for future research are pointed out. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distribution of NADPH‐diaphorase and expression of nNOS, N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR1) and non‐NMDA glutamate receptor (GlutR2) genes in the neurons of the hippocampus after domoic acid‐induced lesions in adult rats
Authors: Ananth C. , Dheen S. Thameem , Gopalakrishnakone P. , Kaur C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractNeuronal degeneration followed by detection of nitric oxide (NO)‐producing neurons of the hippocampus was investigated at 4 h, 16 h, 24 h, 2 days, 5 days, and 14 days after administration of domoic acid (DA), in the present study. Histopathological analysis (Nissl staining) displayed dark‐stained degenerating neurons in the hippocampus at 24 h to 14 days after DA administration, with degeneration most severe at 5–14 days. NADPH‐d‐positive neurons were observed in different subfields of the hippocampus in control rats and DA treated rats at 4–24 h. Complete loss of NADPH‐d‐positive neurons in the CA1 and CA3 subfields and also in the hilus of dentate gyrus (DG) was observed at 5 days and 14 days after the administration of DA. In contrast, at 4–24 h, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)‐immunoreactive cells were absent from the hippocampal subfields in control and DA‐treated animals but were observed at 5 days and 14 days after DA administration. N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR1) immunoreactivity was increased in the hippocampal neurons at 5 days after DA administration and double immunofluorescence demonstrated its coexpression with induced nNOS expression. No significant change could be observed in the immunoreactivity of non‐NMDA receptor (GlutR2) as compared with the controls, while occasional immunoreactive neurons were colocalized with induced nNOS expression. Reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction analysis showed the upregulated expression of nNOS and downregulated expression of NMDAR1 at 5 days after the administration of DA. Although nNOS mRNA expression was rapidly induced at 5 days after DA administration, in situ hybridization analysis revealed complete loss of nNOS mRNA expression in the region of neuronal degeneration in the hippocampus at 24 h and 5 days after DA administration. The present study has shown that NADPH‐d and nNOS express differentially in the neurons of the hippocampus in DA‐induced neurotoxicity. It is speculated that induction of nNOS and glutamate receptor genes in the neurons of the hippocampus in response to DA‐induced neurotoxicity could have contributed to the neuronal degeneration. Hippocampus 2003;13:260–272. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Representation of place by monkey hippocampal neurons in real and virtual translocation
Authors: Hori Etsuro , Tabuchi Eiichi , Matsumura Nobuhisa , Tamura Ryoi , Eifuku Satoshi , Endo Shunro , Nishijo Hisao , Ono Taketoshi 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe hippocampal formation (HF) is hypothesized as a neuronal substrate of a cognitive map, which represents environmental spatial information by an ensemble of neural activity. However, the relationships between the hippocampal place cells and the cognitive map have not been clarified in monkeys. The present study was designed to investigate how activity patterns of place‐selective neurons encode spatial relationships of various environmental stimuli; to do this, we used multidimensional scaling (MDS) for hippocampal neuronal activity in the monkey during the performance of real and virtual translocation. Of 389 neurons recorded from the monkey HF and parahippocampal gyrus (PH), 166 had place fields that displayed increased activity in a specific area of an experimental field and/or on a monitor (place‐selective neurons). The MDS transformed relationships among the 16 places in the experimental field and the monitor, expressed as correlation coefficients between all possible pairs of two places based on the 166 place‐selective responses, into geometric relationships in a two‐dimensional MDS space. In the real translocation tasks, the 16 places were distributed throughout the MDS space, and their relative positions were well correlated to real positions in the experimental laboratory. However, the correlation between the MDS space and real arrangements was significantly smaller in virtual than real translocation tasks. The present results strongly suggest that activity patterns of the HF and PH neurons represent spatial information and might provide a neurophysiological basis for a cognitive map. Hippocampus 2003;13:190–196. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adrenalectomy‐induced cell death in the dentate gyrus: Further characterisation using TUNEL and effects of the Ginkgo biloba extract, EGb 761, and ginkgolide B
Authors: Maclennan Karyn M. , Zheng Yiwen , Sheard Philip W. , Williams Sheila M. , Darlington Cynthia L. , Smith Paul F. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis study investigated the potential neuroprotective effects of the Ginkgo biloba extract, EGb‐761, and ginkgolide B, on adrenalectomy (ADX)‐induced cell death in the dentate gyrus (DG). Adrenalectomised, sham surgery‐treated, and naive controls received either EGb‐761 (25, 50, or 100 mg/kg), 0.9% saline vehicle control, ginkgolide B (10 or 25 mg/kg), or a polyethylene glycol vehicle control, i.p, daily for 6 days postsurgery. Cell death in the DG was determined by in situ labelling of DNA fragments, using the TUNEL method; sections were counterstained with hematoxylin. Radioimmunoassay was used to confirm a decrease in plasma corticosterone (CORT) after ADX. TUNEL‐positive granule cells were observed in the DG at 1 week, but not at 24 h, post‐ADX. The rate of granule cell death at this time was highest in the suprapyramidal blade and increased in a crest tip and a rostrotemporal gradient. Whereas CORT replacement completely prevented the occurrence of TUNEL‐positive granule cells, EGb‐761 and ginkgolide B did not, at any of the doses used. These results suggest that these drugs may not have substantial neuroprotective effects in the ADX model of neurodegeneration. Hippocampus 2003;13:212–225. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.