bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-hybridisation between interband transitions and Mie modes in dielectric nanoparticles
Authors: Tserkezis Christos , Stamatopoulou P. Elli , Wolff Christian , Mortensen N. Asger 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We discuss the possibility of self-hybridisation in high-index dielectric nanoparticles, where Mie modes of electric or magnetic type can couple to the interband transitions of the material, leading to spectral anticrossings. Starting with an idealised system described by moderately high constant permittivity with a narrow Lorentzian, in which self-hybridisation is visible for both plane-wave and electron-beam excitation, we embark on a quest for realistic systems where this effect should be visible. We explore a variety of spherical particles made of traditional semiconductors such as Si, GaAs, and GaP. With the effect hardly discernible, we identify two major causes hindering observation of self-hybridisation: the very broad spectral fingerprints of interband transitions in most candidate materials, and the significant overlap between electric and magnetic Mie modes in nanospheres. We thus depart from the spherical shape, and show that interband–Mie hybridisation is indeed feasible in the example of GaAs cylinders, even with a simple plane-wave source. This so-far unreported kind of polariton has to be considered when interpreting experimental spectra of Mie-resonant nanoparticles and assigning modal characters to specific features. On the other hand, it has the potential to be useful for the characterisation of the optical properties of dielectric materials, through control of the hybridisation strength via nanoparticle size and shape, and for applications that exploit Mie resonances in metamaterials, highly-directional antennas, or photovoltaics.
A mixed perturbative-nonperturbative treatment for strong light-matter interactions
Authors: Sánchez Martínez Carlos J. , Feist Johannes , García-Vidal Francisco J. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The full information about the interaction between a quantum emitter and an arbitrary electromagnetic environment is encoded in the so-called spectral density. We present an approach for describing such interaction in any coupling regime, providing a Lindblad-like master equation for the emitter dynamics when coupled to a general nanophotonic structure. Our framework is based on the splitting of the spectral density into two terms. On the one hand, a spectral density responsible for the non-Markovian and strong-coupling-based dynamics of the quantum emitter. On the other hand, a residual spectral density including the remaining weak-coupling terms. The former is treated nonperturbatively with a collection of lossy interacting discrete modes whose parameters are determined by a fit to the original spectral density in a frequency region encompassing the quantum emitter transition frequencies. The latter is treated perturbatively under a Markovian approximation. We illustrate the power and validity of our approach through numerical simulations in three different setups, thus offering a variety of scenarios for a full test, including the ultra-strong coupling regime.
Photoelectric tunable-step terahertz detectors: a study on optimal antenna parameters, speed, and temperature performance
Authors: Chen Ran , Xia Ruqiao , Griffiths Jonathan , Beere Harvey E. , Ritchie David A. , Michailow Wladislaw 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Field effect transistors have shown promising performance as terahertz (THz) detectors over the past few decades. Recently, a quantum phenomenon, the in-plane photoelectric effect, was discovered as a novel detection mechanism in gated two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs), and devices based on this effect, photoelectric tunable-step (PETS) THz detectors, have been proposed as sensitive THz detectors. Here, we demonstrate a PETS THz detector based on GaAs/AlGaAs heterojunction using a dipole antenna. We investigate the dependence of the in-plane photoelectric effect on parameters including the dimensions and the operating temperature of the device. Two figures of merit within the 2DEG, the maximum electric field and the radiation-induced ac-potential difference, are simulated to determine the optimal design of the PETS detector antenna. We identify the optimal antenna gap size, metal thickness, and 2DEG depth, and demonstrate the first PETS detector with a symmetric dipole antenna, which shows high-speed detection of 1.9 THz radiation with a strong photoresponse. Our findings deepen the understanding of the in-plane photoelectric effect and provide a universal guidance for the design of future PETS THz detectors.
Kinetic and Kinematic Characteristics Underpinning Change of Direction Performance in Basketball: A Comparative Study Between Sexes and Tests
Authors: Baena-Raya Andrés , Díez-Fernández David M. , Martínez-Rubio Carlos , Conceição Filipe , López-Sagarra Andrés 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Baena-Raya, A, Díez-Fernández, DM, Martínez-Rubio, C, Conceição, F, and López-Sagarra, A. Kinetic and kinematic characteristics underpinning change of direction performance in basketball: A comparative study between sexes and tests. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2023—This study (a) evaluated the sex-specific kinetic and kinematic outcomes underpinning change of direction (COD) performance, (b) compared these outcomes across 3 different COD tests, and (c) examined the sex-specific and test-specific outcome most strongly related to COD performance in basketball players. Thirty young basketball players (17 males and 13 females) competing at the national level were assessed for the modified 505 test, modified T test, and V-cut test. The Local Positioning System technology (WIMU PRO, Realtrack Systems S.L., Almería, Spain) was used to measure the maximum values of acceleration (ACCmax), deceleration (DECmax), velocity (VELmax), and centripetal force (CentFmax) in each COD test. Male players displayed greater ACCmax, VELmax, DECmax, and CentFmax outputs for each section of the 505 test, T test, and V-cut test (all p < 0.05), resulting in a faster COD performance than females across tests (all ES > −1.42; 95% CI = −3.45 to −0.57). The 505 test demanded significantly greater kinematic outputs than T test and V-cut test for both sexes (p < 0.01). The ACCmax explained ∼26–58% of the variability in COD time for males across tests (p < 0.05) and 40% in females' modified 505-test time (p < 0.05). Likewise, in females, DECmax explained 38% of the modified T-test time variability, whereas VELmax explained 53% in the V-cut test time (both p < 0.05). These findings suggest that (a) COD data should not be used interchangeably across sexes, (b) test specificities should be considered for designing COD training, and (c) the kinematic outcomes explaining COD performance might vary across sexes.
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Authors: Fraga Nicole R. , Minaeian Nare , Kim Mimi S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe describe congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, which is the most common primary adrenal insufficiency in children and adolescents. In this comprehensive review of CAH, we describe presentations at different life stages depending on disease severity. CAH is characterized by androgen excess secondary to impaired steroidogenesis in the adrenal glands. Diagnosis of CAH is most common during infancy with elevated 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels on the newborn screen in the United States. However, CAH can also present in childhood, with late-onset symptoms such as premature adrenarche, growth acceleration, hirsutism, and irregular menses. The growing child with CAH is treated with hydrocortisone for glucocorticoid replacement, along with increased stress doses for acute illness, trauma, and procedures. Mineralocorticoid and salt replacement may also be necessary. Although 21-hydroxylase deficiency is the most common type of CAH, there are other rare types, such as 11β-hydroxylase and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency. In addition, classic CAH is associated with long-term comorbidities, including cardiometabolic risk factors, impaired cognitive function, adrenal rest tumors, and bone health effects. Overall, early identification and treatment of CAH is important for the pediatric patient.
“Breughelland”: Subverting the Antinomy of Utopia and Dystopia
Authors: Dorschel Andreas 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIs György Ligeti's Le Grand Macabre (1974–1977/1996) a dystopian work, or rather one of utopia? Traditionally, dystopia and utopia have formed an alternative. Yet Ligeti and librettist Michael Meschke enact an intertwinement of dystopia and utopia, in a series of moves and countermoves: (1) Death threatens to eliminate all life. (2) The earth is saved from the fate of the destruction of life – “Death is dead” (II/4). (3) Yet “Breughelland” is and will remain a crude and cruel tyranny. (4) The farcical character of the whole calls into question whether any of the previous moves can be taken seriously. Ligeti's/Meschke's subversion of the antinomy of utopia and dystopia, introduced in the opening “Breughellandlied,” turns out to be in the spirit of Piet the Pot's namesake Pieter Breughel the Elder, as a closer look at his 1567 painting Het Luilekkerland, an inspiration already to de Ghelderode, reveals. The irritating role thus assigned to consumption, however, seems to trivially lose all ambiguity through the words of the opera's final stanza. While this is a weighty objection to the reading proposed here, the conclusion attempts to outline a rejoinder to it.
Extraction and Refining of the Platinum Metals
Authors: Gouldsmith A. F. S. , Wilson B. 
Published: February 2024

A major development in the world’s platinum industry took place in the early nineteen twenties when large deposits of platinum bearing ore were discovered in the Transvaal in South Africa. This led to the formation in 1931 of Rustenburg Platinum Mines Limited to work these deposits, and this company remains to this day the only platinum producer in South Africa and the only major producer in the world whose prime activity is the extraction of the platinum metals.From the outset Johnson Matthey has been associated with Rustenburg, first in developing methods for the extraction of the platinum metals from these ores, and thereafter as smelters and refiners of the output from the mines.This article describes the complex and lengthy cycle of operations required to effect complete recovery of the six platinum metals and to yield at the same time electrolytically refined copper and nickel.Today the joint activities of Rustenburg and Johnson Matthey constitute the world’s largest source of the platinum metals in all forms. Together they ensure to industry throughout the world adequate and continuing supplies of these metals.
Antitumor activity of three new azoloazine derivatives in orthotopic transplantation model of human breast cancer cells into mice
Authors: Al-Humairi A. H. , Speransky D. L. , Novochadov V. V. , Poroisky S. V. , Cherdyntseva N. V. , Udut V. V. 
Published: February 2024

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common types of malignant tumors, which makes scientific research in this area extremely relevant. The difficulties of breast cancer chemotherapy stimulate the search for new drugs to treat this nosology. Derivatives of imidazotriazine and imidazotetrazine, which are analogues of the antitumor drug temozolamide, can be ones of the promising drugs in this regard.The aim of the work was to evaluate the antitumor activity of three new azoloazine derivatives in a xenogeneic breast cancer model in mice in vivo.Materials and methods. A study was conducted on a xenogeneic model of BC. After the immunosuppression with azathioprine, 48 white BALB/c mice were injected with MCF-7 cells, test derivatives, and the reference drug epirubicin at doses of 1/2 IC50 and 1/10 IC50, into the base of the mammary gland once. The body weight of the mice was monitored; on the 15th day, at the end of the experiment, the relative volume was assessed.Results and discussion. Among the three compounds studied, imidazotetrazine 1 showed the most encouraging results: stopping the loss of body weight in the mice caused by the administration of tumor cells, and reducing the tumor volume on the 15th day of the experiment to 50.6% of that in the control when using a dose of 1/10 IC50, up to 39.2% – when using a dose of 1/2 IC50, which significantly exceeded the values of the reference drug epirubicin and the values in the control group. In the histological examination, the signs of spread and preservation of tumor cells viability of the MCF-7 line after its administration were minimal, the value of the histological malignancy index decreased by 9.3% of the control value.Conclusion. Among the tested azoloazine derivatives, 3-cyclohexyl-4-oxoimidazo[5,1-d][1,2,3,5]tetrazine-8-N-piperidinylcarboxamide is the undisputed leader, causing inhibition of the tumor growth in a xenogeneic model in vivo.
Phytochemical and pharmacological study of biologically active compounds and dry extracts of Populus rubrinervis Hort. Alb. buds of various polarities
Authors: Urbanchik E. A. , Kurkin V. A. , Zaitseva E. N. , Ryzhov V. M. , Dubishchev A. V. , Tsybina A. S. , Altareva A. I. , Sirotkina Yu. D. 
Published: February 2024

The aim of the work was a phytochemical and pharmacological study of biologically active compounds (BACs) and Populus rubrinervis Hort. Alb. buds preparations of various polarities.Materials and methods. The object of the study was dry extracts of P. rubrinervis Hort. Alb. buds the samples of which were prepared in January–March 2023 in the Botanical Garden of Samara University (Samara, Russia). The separation of the amount of current substances was carried consecutively by the method of circulating extraction (chloroform), then, by the method of fractional percolation, a tincture was received on 70% ethyl alcohol (1:5). Pinostrobin was used as the standard sample (SS). The analysis of the substances was carried out by the TLC method. The electronic spectra registration was carried out with a spectrophotometer “Specord 40” (Analytik Jena, Germany). The study of the pharmacological (diuretic) activity of P. rubrinervis Hort. Alb. buds dried extracts was carried out on 60 white outbred rats of both sexes weighing 200–220 g in the experiments with aqueous diuresis.Results. P. rubrinervis Hort. Alb. buds dried extracts of various polarities (extract No. 1 (chloroform) and extract No. 2 (70% ethanol) were received. By the method of thin-layer chromatography, it was determined that the dominant complexes of the lipophilic nature with pinostrobin are isolated in extract No. 1, phenolic substances of the glycoside nature prevail in extract No. 2. Despite various polarities of the extragents, spectral characteristics of extract No. 2 have significant similarities with extract No. 1. When studying the diuretic activity, it was established that when SS pinostrobin was injected at a dose of 1 mg/kg, for 4 h of the experiment, an isolated increase in diuresis was noted (from 1.72±0.11 to 1.97±0.03 ml, p <0.05); at the same time, an isolated increase in creatininuresis (from 1.50±0.29 to 2.39±0.15 mg, p <0.05) was observed during 24 h of the experiment. When extract No. 2 was injected at a dose of 10 mg/kg, there was a moderate significant increase in diuresis (from 1.82±0.02 to 2.07±0.04 ml and from 2.38±0.39 to 3.02±0.11 ml, p <0.05) and a significant increase in creatininuresis (from 0.14±0.01 to 0.19±0.03 mg and from 2.31±0.42 to 2.79±0.51 mg, p <0.05) for 4 and 24 h of the experiment, respectively.Conclusion. The extraction separation of the amount of P. rubrinervis Hort. Alb. buds by the polarity degree was carried out. Pinostrobin SS at a dose of 1 mg/kg and extract No. 2 at a dose of 10 mg/kg had a diuretic activity, in connection with which they are promising in terms of the development of effective drugs.
Methodological and regulatory aspects of pharmaceutical development of biological products
Authors: Kurkin D. V. , Morkovin E. I. , Bakulin D. A. , Zaborovsky A. V. , Makarenko I. E. , Drai R. V. , Solodovnikov A. G. , Petrov V. I. , Koryanova K. N. , Lycheva N. A. , Voskresensky S. A. , Strygin A. V. , Kolosov Yu. A. , Gorbunova Yu. V. , Ivanova O. V. 
Published: February 2024

The aim of the work was to conduct an analysis of the current state and current trends in the approval of drugs, as well as some aspects of the methodology for their development based on biological molecules and registration.Materials and methods. The material for the analysis was taken from the abstract databases of PubMed, Google Scholar and e-library.ru. The search was carried out using publications for the period from 2008 to 2023, the keywords were as follows: “biologicals”, “new drug approval”, “drug authorization”, “drug development”, “biosimilar”, taking into account various spellings.Results. Over the past 15 years, scientists have been observing revolutionary trends and processes in the field of the drug development, especially biopharmaceuticals. Significant advances have been made in gene, immune and cell therapies, resulting in the approval of such drugs more than doubling over the past ten years. The development of biological drugs includes the identification and testing of molecular targets and requires a deep understanding of the structure and functioning of the polypeptides involved in the development of the effect. The features of these active pharmaceutical substances are a high molecular weight, a complex three-dimensional structure and a high immunogenic potential. Preclinical and clinical studies of biologics have unique challenges. Selecting appropriate animal species, understanding the immunogenicity, and assessing pharmacodynamics and toxicological properties require a multilevel, detailed approach. The article discusses the regulatory framework under which these drugs are registered, summarizing the guidelines provided by international organizations such as the International Council for Harmonization and various national agencies.Conclusion. The analysis highlights the current advances and prospects in the development of biologics, highlighting their key role in future transformations in the treatment of rare diseases and oncology, approaching the era of personalized medicine. Monitoring the development directions and technological approaches, as well as the commitment to global methodological and regulatory aspects can become a catalyst in the development of the Russian pharmacology.
Hospital consumption of direct oral anticoagulants in regions of the Russian Federation in 2017–2022
Authors: Matveev A. V. , Glagolev S. V. , Koryanova K. N. , Sychev D. A. 
Published: February 2024

The aim of the study was to investigate the dynamics of inpatient consumption of direct oral anticoagulants in different regions of the Russian Federation for the period from 2017 to 2022.Materials and methods. This study is a non-interventional, retrospective analysis of the electronic database records of Cursor Marketing LLC (Russia) about the announced by medical organizations and executed contracts for the purchase of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). The сonsumption was calculated on the basis of a DDD (defined-daily-dose) and estimated DDDTID (defined-daily-dose/1000-inhabitants/day) for each DOACs: rivaroxaban, dabigatran and apixaban. The Rosstat database available on its official website were used as a source of inhabitants data for the Russian regions.Results. A total of 57 866 records were entered into the analyzed databases of Cursor Marketing LLC (Russia) from 2017 to 2022, 47.38% of which indicated rivaroxaban as the drug being procured, 26.51% indicated dabigatran, and 26.11% indicated apixaban. Edoxaban was not procured by healthcare organizations. During the period investigated, there was an increase in the consumption of all DOACs studied, with a higher increase for apixaban (by an average of 284.6% per year), then rivaroxaban (by 144.8% per year) and, to a lesser extent, dabigatran (by 92.5% per year). The analysis of DOACs consumption in general showed that compared to 2017, the need for these drugs in medical organizations in 2022 increased by 18 times. The Urals Federal District consistently exceeds the national average in terms of DDTID consumption. Noteworthy is the consumption dynamics of the regions of the Central Federal District and the North-Western Federal District, which made it possible to achieve DDDTID values above the national average for 5 out of 6 observation years. The lowest rates of DOACs consumption were observed in the Volga Federal District, which, despite positive growth dynamics, failed to reach the national average values. A high level of consumption (>10 DDDTID) of rivaroxaban was noted for the Arkhangelsk region (2018) and the Nenets Autonomous District (in 2021), dabigatran – only for the Arkhangelsk region (in 2018). Many more regions reached high levels of the apixaban consumption, especially in 2021.Conclusion. Despite a number of limitations, the data on the volume of DOACs procurement can be used in the analysis of the consumption at both regional and national levels. When analyzing the DOACs consumption, the impact of COVID-19 pandemic and pharmacogenetic features of patients in different regions should be taken into account. During the studied period of time, a significant part of the Russian regions achieved a consumption level of rivaroxaban and apixaban, but not dabigatran, exceeding 1 DDDTID.