bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A WHO-led global strategy to control greenhouse gas emissions: a call for action
Authors: Chersich Matthew F , Brink Nicholas , Craig Marlies H , Maimela Gloria , Scorgie Fiona , Luchters Stanley 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Climate change, driven by anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, is among the greatest threats to human health. The World Health Organisation (WHO), has led global efforts to respond to emerging public health threats including the control of hazardous substances such as tobacco, alcohol, lead and asbestos, with remarkable health gains.

Body
Despite WHO’s clear messaging on the enormous and growing health risks of climate change, greenhouse gases are not yet classified as hazardous substances, requiring control through a global strategy or framework. Additionally, WHO has not classified disease attributable to climate change as a result of the promulgation of these hazards as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC), despite the serious and preventable health risks it poses globally. Several historical precedents set the stage for WHO to declare excess greenhouse gases as health hazards, including the control of ozone-depleting substances and breast-milk substitutes where the public benefit of control exceeded the potential benefit of their promulgation. In addition, WHO’s undertaking within the International Health Regulations to protect global health, providing imperative to declare climate change a PHEIC, with Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, director-general of WHO, declaring: “The climate crisis is a health crisis, fuelling outbreaks, contributing to higher rates of noncommunicable diseases, and threatening to overwhelm our health workforce and health infrastructure”. Importantly, the health sector, perhaps more than other sectors, has successfully overcome formidable, vested interests in combatting these threats to health.

Conclusion
It is thus imperative that WHO make full use of their credibility and influence to establish a global framework for the control of greenhouse gases through the declaration of excess greenhouse gas emissions as a hazardous substance, and declaring climate change a PHEIC. Who else is better placed to drive the considerable societal transformation needed to secure a liveable future?
Adjunctive duration-doubled transcranial direct current stimulation for the treatment of depressive patients with suicidal ideation: study protocol for a double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled trial
Authors: Chen Yiming , Lyu Dongbin , Wang Fan , Huang Qinte , Yang Weichieh , Zhang Mengke , Wei Zheyi , Shi Shuxiang , Kong Shuqi , Chen Shentse , He Shuang , Yang Vivien , Fang Yiru , Douiri Abdel , Hong Wu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
The problem of suicide has become increasingly common in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD). Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is an effective treatment for MDD with 2 milliamperes (mA) for at least 30 min per day for 2 weeks. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of daily duration-doubled tDCS as an adjunctive intervention for rapidly reducing suicidal ideation and improving depression in MDD patients.

Methods
In this double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled study, 76 MDD patients with suicidal ideation are randomly assigned to either active (n=38) or sham (n=38) tDCS group. The anode and cathode are placed over the scalp areas corresponding to left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), respectively, and each stimulation lasts for 60 min. The primary outcome is defined as change of Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSI) after 5 and 10 sessions. The change of other clinical assessments, blood biomarkers related to suicidal ideation and depressive sumptoms are defined as secondary outcomes. Blood biomarkers related to suicidal ideation are collected at baseline and after 10 sessions.

Discussion
This study suggests the adjunctive duration-doubled tDCS might be a novel method to rapidly reduce suicidal ideation and improve depressive symptom. The variation of biomarkers could be potential predictive models of suicide risk.

Trial registration
The trial protocol is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov under protocol registration number NCT05555927. Registered on September 25, 2022.
Preoperative supine time for adrenal venous sampling: a prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: He Minzhi , Zhang Yuhao , Song Xiaoxiao , Zhang Tianyue , Yu Hailan , Ji Yongli , Gong Siyuan , Chai Peifei , Chen Jinyi , Wang Siwei , Chen Bing , Xu Xiaohong , Liu Zhenjie 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Primary aldosteronism (P.A.) is the most common form of secondary hypertension, accounting for 5% of hypertensive patients and 17–23% of patients with resistant hypertension. Compared to primary hypertension, P.A. is more prone to cause severe organ damage and even early death. Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is a practical confirmatory test for subtyping aldosterone-producing adenoma and bilateral adrenal hyperplasia, helping physicians to make an accurate decision between surgery or medication. According to guidelines, supine in bed before AVS is recommended for a desirable result of AVS. However, investigations about the most optimal preoperative supine time before AVS are lacking.

Methods/design
This is a multi-center prospective randomized controlled study. One hundred twenty patients diagnosed as P.A. and willing for AVS examination will be included. Participants will be randomly allocated to a 15-min supine time group or 2-h supine time group. The primary outcome is the degree of biochemical remission (serum potassium and orthostatic ARR). The secondary outcomes are degrees of clinical remission (blood pressure, type and dose of antihypertensive drugs), the technical success rate, and the adverse event of AVS (selective index ≥ 2 is considered successful surgery without corticotropin stimulation).

Discussion
P.A. is an intractable public health problem, and many techniques including AVS have been developed to identify this disease correctly. This study will help to understand whether the length of preoperative supine time would affect the diagnostic efficacy of AVS and thus help to formulate a more reasonable AVS procedure.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05658705. Registered on 10 September 2022.
Effects of individualized positive end-expiratory pressure on intraoperative oxygenation in thoracic surgical patients: study protocol for a prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Liu Xu-Ming , Chang Xin-Lu , Sun Jing-Yi , Hao Wen-Wen , An Li-Xin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Intraoperative hypoxemia and postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) often occur in patients with one-lung ventilation (OLV), due to both pulmonary shunt and atelectasis. It has been demonstrated that individualized positive end-expiratory pressure (iPEEP) can effectively improve intraoperative oxygenation, increase lung compliance, and reduce driving pressure, thereby decreasing the risk of developing PPCs. However, its effect during OLV is still unknown. Therefore, we aim to investigate whether iPEEP ventilation during OLV is superior to 5 cmH2O PEEP in terms of intraoperative oxygenation and the occurrence of PPCs.

Methods
This study is a prospective, randomized controlled, single-blind, single-center trial. A total of 112 patients undergoing thoracoscopic pneumonectomy surgery and OLV will be enrolled in the study. They will be randomized into two groups: the static lung compliance guided iPEEP titration group (Cst-iPEEP Group) and the constant 5 cmH2O PEEP group (PEEP 5 Group). The primary outcome will be the oxygenation index at 30 min after OLV and titration. Secondary outcomes are oxygenation index at other operative time points, PPCs, postoperative adverse events, ventilator parameters, vital signs, pH value, inflammatory factors, and economic indicators.

Discussion
This trial explores the effect of iPEEP on intraoperative oxygenation during OLV and PPCs. It provides some clinical references for optimizing the lung protective ventilation strategy of OLV, improving patient prognosis, and accelerating postoperative rehabilitation.

Trial registration
www.Chictr.org.cnChiCTR2300073411. Registered on 10 July 2023.
Dimensioning payload size for fast retransmission of MQTT packets in the wake of network disconnections
Authors: Domingues Marco , Faria José N. , Portugal David 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe Internet of Things (IoT) is spreading rapidly around the world, and Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT) is one of the main protocols used to explore device-to-device (D2D) communication. The industry typically requires communication systems that can transmit data continuously while optimizing both bandwidth and transmission time. Due to the vast amount of data that can be lost, companies often find that even short periods of network downtime lead to significant costs. In this paper, we propose a retransmission mechanism to allow sensor nodes to relay missing data via MQTT to a local server when it reconnects after an unexpected disconnection. To assess its performance, several tests in a digital healthcare use case scenario have been designed. Since the procedure involves transferring a considerable amount of data, our main goal is to determine the maximum payload of each message to restore the missing information, while minimizing the retransmission time without information loss.
Outage performance and energy efficiency optimization of wireless-powered millimeter-wave sensor networks
Authors: Li Xiaowu , Xiao Fuan , Tang Kun , Luo Entao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWith the widespread use of wireless sensor networks, one of the most pressing concerns is extending the lifetime of the sensors. By deploying directional antenna arrays, millimeter wave (mmWave) is a possible candidate for wireless energy transfer (WPT). This paper investigates a beneficial combination of WPT and data transmission in a typical mmWave sensor network with Rayleigh channels, where a transmission interval can be divided into two sub-intervals. During the first sub-interval, one hybrid access point (HAP) employs beamforming techniques to transfer energy for serving multiple sensors within the service sector. The sensors then transmit their individual signal in turn to the HAP based on time division multiple address (TDMA) strategy by using the whole harvested energy. According to stochastic geometry, the exact and approximate expressions of beam outage probability for the considered system are determined, respectively. The optimal time allocation of energy harvesting and data transmission for sensors is examined in order to maximize the energy efficiency of the system. The optimization problem can be translated into corresponding parametric form, and the resulting optimization problem can be solved using the Lagrange dual method with Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) conditions. The numerical results show the variation trend of the beam outage probability under various parameters and verify the accuracy of the theoretical analyses. Furthermore, the simulation results illustrate that the proposed optimal time allocation strategy can significantly enhance the overall energy efficiency of the system compared with a similar scheme.
How can quality be measured within a physician-led Community Emergency Medical service? A scoping review protocol
Authors: Scott Jamie , Thomas Libby , Joy Tony , McCrossan Paddy 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Quality measurement as part of quality improvement in healthcare is integral for service delivery and development. This is particularly pertinent for health services that deliver care in ways that differ from traditional practice. Community Emergency Medicine (CEM) is a novel and evolving concept of care delivered by services in parts of the UK and Ireland. This scoping review aims to provide a broad overview of how quality may be measured within services delivering CEM.

Methods and analysis
The methodology follows both the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). It is guided by recognised work of Arksey and O’Malley and the guidelines developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Several databases will be searched: MEDLINE, EMbase, EMcare, CINAHL, Scopus, the Cochrane Library and grey literature. Search terms have been developed by representatives within Community Emergency Medicine services. Two reviewers will independently screen eligible studies for final study selection. Results will be collected and analysed in descriptive and tabular form to illustrate the breadth of quality indicators that may be applicable to CEM services. This scoping review protocol has been registered with the Open Science Framework platform (osf.io/e7qxg).

Discussion
This is the first stage of a larger research study aimed at developing national quality indicators for CEM. The purpose of this scoping review is to provide a comprehensive review of quality indicators that could be used within CEM. The results will be mapped using a framework and identify gaps in the literature to help guide future-focused research.
Reported outcomes in patients with iron deficiency or iron deficiency anemia undergoing major surgery: a systematic review of outcomes
Authors: Stangl Stephanie , Popp Maria , Reis Stefanie , Sitter Magdalena , Saal-Bauernschubert Lena , Schießer Selina , Kranke Peter , Choorapoikayil Suma , Weibel Stephanie , Meybohm Patrick 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Iron deficiency (ID) is the leading cause of anemia worldwide. The prevalence of preoperative ID ranges from 23 to 33%. Preoperative anemia is associated with worse outcomes, making it important to diagnose and treat ID before elective surgery. Several studies indicated the effectiveness of intravenous iron supplementation in iron deficiency with or without anemia (ID(A)). However, it remains challenging to establish reliable evidence due to heterogeneity in utilized study outcomes. The development of a core outcome set (COS) can help to reduce this heterogeneity by proposing a minimal set of meaningful and standardized outcomes. The aim of our systematic review was to identify and assess outcomes reported in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies investigating iron supplementation in iron-deficient patients with or without anemia.

Methods
We searched MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov systematically from 2000 to April 1, 2022. RCTs and observational studies investigating iron supplementation in patients with a preoperative diagnosis of ID(A), were included. Study characteristics and reported outcomes were extracted. Outcomes were categorized according to an established outcome taxonomy. Quality of outcome reporting was assessed with a pre-specified tool. Reported clinically relevant differences for sample size calculation were extracted.

Results
Out of 2898 records, 346 underwent full-text screening and 13 studies (five RCTs, eight observational studies) with sufficient diagnostic inclusion criteria for iron deficiency with or without anemia (ID(A)) were eligible. It is noteworthy to mention that 49 studies were excluded due to no confirmed diagnosis of ID(A). Overall, 111 outcomes were structured into five core areas including nine domains. Most studies (92%) reported outcomes within the ‘blood and lymphatic system’ domain, followed by “adverse event” (77%) and “need for further resources” (77%). All of the latter reported on the need for blood transfusion. Reported outcomes were heterogeneous in measures and timing. Merely, two (33%) of six prospective studies were registered prospectively of which one (17%) showed no signs of selective outcome reporting.

Conclusion
This systematic review comprehensively depicts the heterogeneity of reported outcomes in studies investigating iron supplementation in ID(A) patients regarding exact definitions and timing. Our analysis provides a systematic base for consenting to a minimal COS.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO CRD42020214247
Ground state solutions for a kind of superlinear elliptic equations with variable exponent
Authors: Xiao Bosheng , Zhang Qiongfen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we focus on the existence of ground state solutions for the $p(x)$
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Using the constraint variational method, quantitative deformation lemma, and strong maximum principle, we proved that the above problem admits three ground state solutions, especially speaking, one solution is sign-changing, one is positive, and one is negative. Our results improve on those existing in the literature.
Ground-state sign-changing homoclinic solutions for a discrete nonlinear p-Laplacian equation with logarithmic nonlinearity
Authors: Ou Xin , Zhang Xingyong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBy using a direct non-Nehari manifold method from (Tang and Cheng in J. Differ. Equ. 261:2384–2402, 2016), we obtain an existence result of ground-state sign-changing homoclinic solutions that only changes sign once and ground-state homoclinic solutions for a class of discrete nonlinear p-Laplacian equations with logarithmic nonlinearity. Moreover, we prove that the sign-changing ground-state energy is larger than twice the ground-state energy.
Potential markets and policies for sustainable liquid biofuel production with emphasis to Eastern Africa countries: a review
Authors: Miftah Fekadu K. , Mutta Doris 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
The production of liquid biofuel in Eastern Africa countries has the potential to play an important role on the global biofuel markets in the coming years, because transportation fuel demand is expected to grow. Despite the presence of suitable environmental conditions for bioenergy crop cultivation in Eastern Africa, liquid biofuel production has been restricted by different factors, including market situation and government policies. The objective of this review is to evaluate the potential markets, policies, strategies, and plans for liquid biofuel production in some Eastern Africa countries, including Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda.

Main text
Over 64 scientific articles and reports published between 2002 and 2023 related to liquid biofuel production market and policies were collected from internet search engines and unpublished grey literatures and reviewed. Since liquid biofuel production was in early stage of investment in Eastern Africa countries by 2020, all the countries showed similar restrictions. It was found that the global market demand for liquid biofuel increased after 1980s. For example, although Ethiopia started bioethanol production in 1950s, the production was discouraged by the lack of a market. Biofuel trade is globally determined by the biofuel policies of industrialized countries, which are mainly driven by the willingness to reduce emissions and to tackle volatile fossil fuel prices. Eastern Africa liquid biofuels has a number of market openings, including rural domestic use, substituting fossil fuel imports, and supplying the European market. There are also attractive legal conditions and political willingness to invest in the production of liquid biofuels. However, institutional weaknesses hindered the possibility to coordinate liquid biofuel production. The lack of adequate domestic institutions, coordination mechanisms, and robust monitoring resulted in land-use conflicts, corruption, and technical challenges. Appropriate policy measures are required to local land use determination, selection of appropriate type of bioenergy crops, and biofuel processing types and scales. In particular, small and large-scale biofuel production projects are required to include biofuel production in the conventional agricultural farming practices.

Conclusions
Good governance is highly important for bioenergy crop production, liquid biofuel processing and consumption in the whole liquid biofuel value chain. Moreover, it is important to exchange good practices through cooperation, including—but not limited to—intra-African countries, which would accelerate the learning process and the deployment of effective measures and mechanisms. There should be biofuel value chain upgrading to overcome fragmentation and inconsistency of measures; match-making between demand and supply at domestic, intra-African, and internationally with proper public awareness creation.
Utility of salivary cortisol profile as a predictive biomarker in nurses’ turnover risk: a preliminary study
Authors: Yamaguchi Shinya , Fujita Tomoko , Kato Shintaro , Yoshimitsu Yuichi , Ito Yoichi M. , Yano Rika 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Predicting nurse turnover risk is crucial due to the global nursing shortage; however, existing predictors, such as fatigue and burnout, lack objectivity. Salivary cortisol is a non-invasive marker of stress and fatigue, but its utility in predicting nurse turnover risk is unknown. We examined whether salivary cortisol profiles across three different day shifts in a month are predictors of the extent of nurses’ reluctance to stay in their current jobs.

Methods
This preliminary longitudinal study followed forty female nurses who engaged in shift work at a university hospital for 3 months. Data at enrollment were collected including demographics, working conditions, chronic fatigue (the Japanese version of the Occupational Fatigue/Exhaustion Recovery Scale), and burnout (Japanese Burnout scale). Salivary cortisol was measured before the three different day shifts (after awakening) during the first month, and the means of these measurements were used as the cortisol profile. The extent of reluctance to stay was assessed using the numerical rating scale at 3 months.

Results
Among the forty female nurses (mean [SD] age, 28.3 [5.1]), all completed follow-up and were included in the analysis. The cortisol profile was associated with the extent of reluctance to stay (P = 0.017), and this association was significant despite adjustments for chronic fatigue and burnout (P = 0.005). A multiple regression model with chronic fatigue, burnout, and job tenure explained 41.5% of the variation in reluctance to stay. When the cortisol profile was added to this model, the association of the cortisol profile was significant (P = 0.006) with an R2 of 0.529 (ΔR2 = 0.114).

Conclusions
This preliminary study conducted in an actual clinical setting indicated the potential of the salivary cortisol profile across three different day shifts in a month to predict nurses’ reluctance to stay in their current jobs. The combination of subjective indicators and the cortisol profile would be useful in predicting nurses' turnover risk.