bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The epistemology of disagreement
Authors: Croce Michel 
Published: November 2023

The epistemology of disagreement studies the epistemically relevant aspects of the interaction between parties who hold diverging opinions about a given subject matter. The central question that the epistemology of disagreement purports to answer is how the involved parties should resolve an instance of disagreement. Answers to this central question largely depend on the epistemic position of each party before disagreement occurs. Two parties are equally positioned from an epistemic standpoint – namely, they are epistemic peers – to the extent that they have roughly equal access to the evidence and comparable intellectual resources. When one party is epistemically better positioned than the other – that is, when one is an epistemic superior – it is widely agreed that this party should retain their belief while the other party – the epistemic inferior – should revise their opinion in the direction of what the epistemic superior believes.
Addressing the central question is a complex task when the disagreeing parties are epistemic peers. Three main answers can be distinguished. Conciliatory answers mandate that both parties revise – i.e. lower their confidence in – their beliefs upon the occurrence of peer disagreement. Steadfast answers allow both parties to retain their respective beliefs, thereby committing them to demote the epistemic position of the interlocutor. The third group of answers suggests that the solution to peer disagreement depends on whether either party is highly justified in holding their belief. If either party is highly justified, then it is rational that this party retains its view. If neither party is highly justified, both should revise.
The epistemology of disagreement addresses further important questions such as: whether the occurrence of disagreement opens the doors to scepticism and/or relativism; what the consequences of epistemic disagreement on intellectual character are; what laypeople should do when experts disagree with each other; and whether disagreement among groups can be treated in the same way as disagreement among individuals.
Kim Iryŏp (1896–1971)
Authors: Park Jin Y. 
Published: November 2023

Philosophy and women have been an odd couple. In both the East and the West, thought traditions have been dominated by male thinkers. Buddhism is no exception. The discriminatory treatment of women in Buddhism not only violates the idea of equality, it conflicts with foundational Buddhist doctrines. Buddhism claims that nothing in the world has a permanent and independent essence. Beings exist through multi-layered interactions. If they do not have pre-given sustainable essences but exist through causes and conditions, treating gender as a justification for discrimination and for disqualifying women from enlightenment should be self-contradictory. Such a practice in Buddhist tradition, however, does not mean that the fundamental teachings of Buddhism are patriarchal or contradict women’s search for authentic identity and liberation (Gross 1992).
Kim Iryŏp (1896–1971), a female thinker and Buddhist nun in modern Korea, understood Buddhist teaching and practice as one of the main sources for her search for freedom. Through her proposals of the great self, creativity, and cultivation, Iryŏp promoted the idea that an individual being, either human or nonhuman, has an infinite capacity for transformation, which is a manifestation of her idea of freedom. Through the narration of her life story in her Buddhist philosophy, Iryŏp offers us a unique form of philosophising based on daily experiences instead of the dominant form of Western, male-oriented, and rationality focused philosophy.
Buddhist logic
Authors: Tanaka Koji 
Published: November 2023

Buddhist philosophers have investigated the techniques and methodologies of debate and argumentation which are important aspects of Buddhist intellectual life. This was particularly the case in India, where Buddhism and Buddhist philosophy originated (see Buddhist philosophy, Indian §4; Epistemology, Indian schools of §1; Knowledge, Indian views of; and Inference, Indian theories of). But these investigations have also engaged philosophers in China, Japan, Korea, and Tibet, and many other parts of the world that have been influenced by Buddhism and Buddhist philosophy (see Buddhist philosophy, Chinese; Buddhist philosophy, Japanese; Buddhist philosophy, Korean; and Tibetan philosophy).
Several elements of the Buddhist tradition of philosophy are thought to be part of this investigation. There are interesting reasoning patterns discernible in the writings of Buddhist philosophers. For instance, the Mādhyamika philosopher Nāgārjuna presents arguments for the emptiness of all things in terms of catuṣkoṭi (four ‘corners’: roughly speaking, truth, false, both, neither). There is also the Indian vāda (debate) literature and the Tibetan bsdus grwa (collected topics), both of which list techniques of debates.
The main interest here is the tradition of Buddhist philosophy, sometimes referred to as Pramāṇavāda, whose central figures are Dignāga (approx. 480–540 CE) and Dharmakīrti (sixth–seventh| century CE) (see Dignāga and Dharmakīrti). This philosophy is understood to be the Buddhist school of logic-epistemology. ‘Pramāṇavāda’ is not a doxographical term traditionally used to refer to a recognised school of Buddhist philosophy. It is a conventional term that is sometimes used in modern literature. Nevertheless, in what follows, we think of it as a tradition within Buddhist philosophy, and ‘Buddhist logic’ refers to what is developed in this tradition.
Buddhist logicians have systematically analysed the kind of reasoning involved in acquiring knowledge. They hold that there are valid ways to reason that are productive of knowledge. In what follows, some of the main elements of their analyses will be described. Note, however, that, while exegetical studies of Buddhist texts are important, we must step back from them and consider what is involved in taking a Buddhist approach to logic in light of modern formal logic. This analysis will be done against the backdrop of the contemporary literature on logic and related subjects in contemporary philosophy to make sense of the logical studies by Buddhist logicians.
Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Masyarakat Melalui Pembuatan Pupuk Organik dan Budidaya Sayur Organik
Authors: Yahya Shanty , Indrawati  , Syam Herdi , Abidin Zainal 
Published: November 2023

Teknologi modern dalam bidang pertanian yang menggunakan varietas unggul, pestisida kimia, pupuk kimia, menimbulkan dampak terhadap lingkungan, dan kesehatan manusia. Produk pertanian yang memiliki residu bahan kimia beracun dapat memicu penuaan dini, dan penyakit degenerative. Pertanian organik merupakan salah satu terobosan untuk mewujudkan produk pertanian yang sehat dengan tetap menjaga keberlanjutan lingkungan. Konsumsi makanan organik yaitu sayur organik merupakan salah satu cara pola hidup sehat yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat dunia. Kendalanya adalah masih ada kelompok – kelompok tani yang membudi dayakan sayuran organik dengan biaya yang relative besar sehingga mengakibatkan harga jual sayur organik tinggi sehingga tidak semua lapisan masyarakat dapat mengkonsumsi sayur organik, dan keuntungan bagi petani organik menjadi lebih kecil. Tujuan dari Pengabdian ini adalah memberikan pelatihan/workshop kepada kelompok tani tentang cara membuat pupuk organik dan budidaya sayur organik dengan biaya yang murah. Metode yang digunakan adalah pemberian materi dan demonstrasi membuat pupuk organik dan budidaya sayur. Hasil yang dicapai pada kegiatan ini adalah kelompok tani memiliki kemandirian dalam membuat pupuk organik dan membudidayakan sayur organik dengan modal kecil sehingga harga jual sayur organik dapat terjangkau oleh semua lapisan masyarakat dan petani organik memperoleh manfaat ekonomi yang lebih besar.
"Правовое обеспечение охраны здоровья населения в Узбекистане в условиях коронавирусной пандемии "
Authors: О. З. Мухамеджанов  
Published: November 2023

"Статья посвящена анализу и оценке состояния механизма и особенностей системы правового обеспечения охраны здоровья населения Узбекистана в условиях распространения коронавирусной инфекции и тенденциям ее развития в постковидный период. Автор рассматривает содержание государственной политики и организационно-правовые меры в сфере охраны здоровья, опыт Узбекистана по борьбе с распространением коронавирусной инфекции и минимизации ее негативных последствий для общества, дает оценку эффективности указанных мер, в том числе на основе сравнительного анализа. Характеризуются меры, определенные законодательством, направленные на повышение эффективности системы здравоохранения страны, рассматриваются проблемы формирования медицинского права как самостоятельной отрасли законодательства, а также как важной юридической науки. Проводится анализ нормативно-правовых актов, принятых Президента, правительством и соответствующими ведомствами, направленных на борьбу с пандемией и ее последствиями. В настоящее время указанное право рассматривается, во-первых, как субъективное право индивида, порождающее, следовательно, определенные обязанности государства по защите и реализации данного права. Во-вторых, общественное здоровье стало самостоятельным важным объектом правового регулирования государства. Ключевые слова: пандемия, медицинское право, право на здоровье, постковидный период, COVID-19. "
"О НЕКОТОРЫХ ПРОБЛЕМНЫХ ВОПРОСАХ ЗЕМЕЛЬНЫХ ПРАВООТНОШЕНИЙ"
Authors: К. К. Каримов  
Published: November 2023

"В данной статье предпринята попытка осветить некоторые проблемные вопросы, связанные с земельными правоотношениями. Земельный вопрос всегда является одним из самых важных для любого государства, для общества вопросом. Несмотря на большую территорию и малую плотность населения нашей страны, он стоит особенно остро, и сложности и несовершенство земельного законодательства приводят к многочисленным нарушениям в данной области правового регулирования, такие как незаконное приобретение крупных земельных участков сельскохозяйственного назначения; нарушения при изъятии земельных участков для государственных нужд; самовольное строительство и т.д. Автор дает разъяснения по нормам казахстанского законодательства, регулирующих земельные правоотношения. Поэтому обеспечение качественного и эффективного правового регулирования земельных правоотношений является достаточно актуальной. Это актуально как в вопросах регулирования земельных вопросов в Республике Казахстан, так и в международных отношениях с приграничными территориями соседних государств. Поскольку огромное количество споров в области земельных правоотношений может вызвать и социальную и политическую напряженность, для правоведов – теоретиков и практиков необходимо принимать четкие решения в разработке вопросов правового регулирования земельных отношений и в судебной практике. Ключевые слова: земельные правоотношения, земельные споры, правовое регулирование, право собственности на землю, земельный участок, кадастр, сервитут."
La construcción de una empresa moderna: El Ferrocarril Central Argentino y sus trabajadoras y trabajadores.
Authors: Vergara Angela 
Published: November 2023

Reseña del libro de BADALONI, Laura. Ferroviarios Del Central Argentino: La Conformación de un Colectivo de Trabajadores (1902-1933). Buenos Aires, Argentina: Ediciones CEHTI, Ediciones Imago Mundi, 2022.
IMPLEMENTASI SISTEM PEJAMINAN MUTU INTERNAL SEBAGAI UPAYA PENINGKATKAN MUTU DI PERGURUAN TINGGI
Authors: Wardah Ramadaniatul Millah Neng , Shafariah Siti Nur Rahmawati , Yanuarti Solihatussajida Lisani 
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan implementasi Sistem Penjaminan Mutu Internal (SPMI) sebagai upaya meningkatkan mutu pendidikan di Universitas Djuanda. Studi ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Penelitian dilakukan di Universitas Djuanda, dengan subjek Badan Penjamin Mutu dan Pengembangan Institusi (BPMPI). Teknik pengumpulan data: observasi langsung, penelusuran dokumen dan arsip, serta wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) Kebijakan dan konsep SPMI berupa dokumen akademik dan dokumen mutu disusun oleh BPMPI; (2) BPMPI sebagai koordinator dalam merencanakan dan melaksanakan SPMI di universitas Djuanda; (3) Implementasi SPMI dilaksanakan dengan penyusunan rancangan berupa Siklus SPMI(PPEP); (4) Kendala yang dihadapi: komitmen pimpinan, jumlah tenaga auditor, kegiatan SPMI menjadi rutinitas; (5) Langkah yang ditempuh: menyediakan tenaga expert penjaminan mutu, pelatihan auditor, membangun semangat penjaminan mutu; (6) Evaluasi Implementasi SPMI dilaksanakan setiap tahun; (7) Pemanfaatan hasil implementasi SPMI: membangun budaya mutu, akreditasi dan sertifikasi nasional dan internasional; dan (8) Pengembangan implementasi SPMI mengacu pada manajemen mutu ISO dan standar BAN PT
An improved and extended parameterization of the CO2 15 µm cooling in the middle/upper atmosphere
Authors: López-Puertas Manuel , Fabiano Federico , Fomichev Victor , Funke Bernd , Marsh Daniel R. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract. The radiative infrared cooling of CO2 in the middle atmosphere, where it emits under non-Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (non-LTE) conditions, is a crucial contribution to the energy balance of this region and hence to establishing its thermal structure. The non-LTE computation is too CPU time-consuming to be fully incorporated in climate models and hence it is parameterized. The most used parameterization of the CO2 15 μm cooling for the Earth's middle and upper atmosphere was developed by Fomichev et al. (1998). The valid range of this parameterization with respect to CO2 volume mixing ratios (VMR) is, however, exceeded by the CO2 of several scenarios considered in the Coupled Climate Model Intercomparison Projects; in particular, the abrupt-4xCO2 experiment. Therefore, an extension, as well as an update, of that parameterization is both needed and timely. In this work, we present an update of the parameterization developed by Fomichev et al. (1998), which now covers CO2 volume mixing ratios in the lower atmosphere from ~0.5 to over 10 times the CO2 pre-industrial value of 284 ppmv (i.e., 150 ppmv to 3000 ppmv). Furthermore, it is improved by using a more contemporary CO2 line list and collisional rates that affect the CO2 cooling rates. Overall, accuracy is improved when tested against reference line-by-line calculations and by using measured global temperature profiles of the middle atmosphere. On average the errors are below 0.5 K day-1 for the present-day and lower CO2 VMRs. The errors increase to ~1–2 K day-1 at altitudes between 100–120 km for CO2 concentrations of two to three times the preindustrial values. For very high CO2 concentrations (four to ten times the pre-industrial abundances) the errors are below ~1 K day-1 for most regions and conditions, except at 110–120 km where the parameterization overestimates them by ~1.5 %. When applied to a large dataset of global (pole-to-pole and four seasons) measured temperature profiles, the errors of the parameterization are generally below 0.5 K day-1, except between 5⋅10-3 hPa and 3⋅10-4 hPa (~85–95 km), where they can reach biases of 1–2 K day-1. However, for elevated stratopause events, it underestimates the cooling rates by 3–7 K day-1 (~10 %) at altitudes of 80–100 km and the parameterized cooling rates show a large spread when compared to reference calculations.
MICROCENTRALIDADES E A INTEGRAÇÃO URBANA ATRAVÉS DE NOVAS CONEXÕES VIÁRIAS
Authors: Guarda Antonio 
Published: November 2023

O crescimento geralmente independe das diretrizes de zoneamento ditadas pelo poder publico e ocorre através de um sentimento de apropriação do espaço, ocorrendo muitas vezes áreas de exclusão dentro da comunidade e pode ser demonstrado através da espacialização de dados estatísticos. A Teoria da Sintaxe Espacial é uma das ferramentas que ajuda a simular alterações na configuração urbana e prognosticar as influencias desta alteração. Seria possível, através da analise de sintaxe espacial e das micro centralidades existentes, predicar a melhoraria da integração social e urbana através de novas conexões viárias? Os resultados obtidos mostram que a integração da comunidade é possível, através das ferramentas utilizadas, em uma escala local, permitindo fazer uma prospecção de possíveis evoluções. Este estudo não exauriu a compreensão da evolução da comunidade escolhida, sendo necessário pesquisas mais aprofundada no local. Não foi analisado o aspecto da resistência social ou o impacto das micro centralidades existentes.
Analisis Manajemen Risiko Bagian Hubungan Masyarakat pada Instansi Pemerintah
Authors: Febiola Bella , Yuwono Wisnu 
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui perencanaan manajemen risiko pada instansi pemerintah yang mungkin terjadi dalam suatu kegiatan organisasi merupakan aspek penting, di mana diperlukan ketepatan dalam mengungkap masalah dan penyebab yang mendasarinya, serta berbagai risiko yang akan dihadapi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian studi literatur dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Adapun jenis pendekatan dalam penelitian ini yaitu deskriptif. Teknik analisis yang digunakan penulis disini adalah dengan menganalisis perencanaan manajemen resiko pada bagian Humas di Instansi Pemerintah yang mencakup risk register, risk event dan trigger, Risk Breakdown Structure (RBS), risk response, dan risk analysis. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa terdapat empat risiko pada Bagian Humas instansi pemerintah yang didalamnya mencakup dua risiko rendah, satu risiko sedang dan satu risiko tinggi. Sebagian besar risiko disebebkan oleh kurangnya perencanaan dan pengawasan. Oleh karena itu, Bagian Humas perlu menerapkan perencanaan dan pengawasan yang lebih efektif dan efisien untuk bisa menjaga reputasi instansi pemerintah, meningkatkan kepercayaan publik, serta meningkatkan efektivitas dan efisiensi dalam penyampaian informasi publik.
Perfil clínico e epidemiológico de bebês com torcicolo muscular congênito em uma clínica de fisioterapia em Santarém-PA
Authors: Fernandes Duarte Maria Rita , Da Silva Nunes Jayne , Alves de Sousa Maria Vitória , Melo Maia Gabriel , Pereira da Silva Lopes Izabele , Silva Nicolau Taketomi Marina , De Miranda Barbosa Richelma de Fátima 
Published: November 2023

O torcicolo muscular congênito (TMC) é a terceira desordem musculoesquelética ao nascimento que gera inclinação e rotação cervical na cabeça do bebê, devido encurtamento do músculo esternocleidomastóideo (ECM) por fatores pré, peri e pós natais, afetando o desenvolvimento motor infantil.O estudo teve como objetivo traçar o perfil clínico e epidemiológico de TMC em bebês atendidos em uma clínica de fisioterapia. Trata-se de uma pesquisa transversal, quantitativa e retrospectiva através da análise de dados de 200 prontuários. A amostra foi predominante de bebês do sexo masculino, na faixa etária de 0 a 3 meses de idade, advindos de mães primíparas na faixa etária de 31 a 35 anos, também destacando o parto cesariano prevalente. Portanto, o presente estudo observou que o torcicolo é prevalente no município de Santarém-PA, em bebês do sexo masculino, de mães primíparas com relato de bom movimento fetal e com apresentação cefálica de forma precoce, de parto cesariano prevalente, bebês termos que iniciam o tratamento fisioterapêutico antes dos 2 meses de idade, classificados como TMC grau 1 (leve) associado ao encurtamento e presença de nódulo no músculo ECM.
The Role Of Owner's Accounting Knowledge In Accounting Information Systems On Micro Small And Medium Enterprises
Authors: Lestari Indriyani Amellia 
Published: November 2023

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises is the most important in the Indonesian economy. Based on data from the State Minister for Cooperatives Small and Medium Enterprises, the number of SME currently reaches 64.2 million with a contribution to GDP of 61.07% or 8,573.89 trillion rupiah. The contribution of MSMEs to the Indonesian economy that’s 97% of the total workforce and can collect up to 60.4% of the total investment. However, the high number of SME in Indonesian is also inseparable from the challenge that many MSMEs in Indonesia, especially in Cirebon Sindanglaut, still do not implement accounting information systems properly. This is because the owner's accounting knowledge is still lacking and the accounting information system is not used. So that the performance of MSMEs is also limited. The purpose of this study was to find out how much significant influence there is between the owner's accounting knowledge and the use of accounting information systems on the performance of an MSMEs especially in the Sindanglaut area of Cirebon. This research method uses quantitative methods and the data obtained is by conducting surveys and observations of SME in the Sindanglaut area, especially of MSMEs Alfiya Frozenfood. This study uses a test with multiple linear regression analysis with the result that the use of information systems (X1) and the owner's accounting knowledge (X2) has a significant effect of 99% on performance in a Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises.
La observación como herramienta: reflexiones desde la investigación de la agricultura familiar en Canelones, Uruguay
Authors: González Fernández Laura , Sabia Lucía 
Published: November 2023

En la última década en Canelones, Uruguay, se evidencia un proceso de inclusión de la ganadería en explotaciones familiares que no ha sido estudiado a nivel predial, territorial, ni desde los aspectos socio-organizacionales y culturales que lo subyacen. El proyecto “Diversificación de la agricultura familiar en Canelones ¿Una estrategia agroecológica de desarrollo?”[1] propuso el estudio de esas transformaciones, para identificar dimensiones que permitan resignificar esos procesos hacia la construcción de transiciones agroecológicas. El primer objetivo fue la elaboración de un diagnóstico a cargo del equipo de investigación, incorporando dimensiones, visiones y trayectorias de cada integrante. El presente articulo busca reflexionar sobre la construcción del diagnóstico a partir de la observación como técnica de recopilación de información, para la comprensión de la realidad socio productiva objeto del proyecto. Concluimos que esta herramienta promueve el diálogo mediado por aspectos disciplinares, recopila experiencias ligadas a las trayectorias personales y académicas, y se constituye como puente entre la producción de conocimiento y la subjetividad de quienes investigamos desde diferentes perspectivas sobre un mismo proceso

[1] Financiado por la Comisión Sectorial de Investigación Científica, Programa de Investigación y Desarrollo de la Universidad de la República (CSIC I+D). Período 2021-2024.