bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of bacterial agentsand antimicrobial susceptibility of neonatal sepsis with patient,s outcome
Authors: Mohammed Ali Abdul-Kareem , Abdul-Kareem Lamia , Japur Rashed Emad 
Published: January 2024

Background : Sepsis neonataroum is an important factor for morbidity and mortality in neonates. The incidence of neonatal bacterial sepsis depends on geographic area and may vary from country to country as well as within the same country.Objective: To identify the percentage of neonatal septicemia confirmed by positive blood cultures among 664 neonates admitted in neonatal care unit, and to identify the bacterial agents causing early and late neonatal sepsis and their antimicrobial susceptibility, and the outcome from neonatal septicemia. Patients and methods: The total number of patients(with clinical signs and symptoms suggesting sepsis) collected from neonatal care unit of ALKadimiya Teaching hospital from the 1st of January to the end of october 2011 were 664 neonates, and only 105 neonates who show signs and symptoms suggestive of septicemia that were confirmed by a positive blood culture were enrolled in this study. Data were collected include :Gestational age, Birth weight , Gender, Onset of sepsis, Place of delivery and also we followed up the subjects and recorded the outcome till discharge.Results: In this prospective study and from 664 neonate were admitted (total number of admission), positive blood cultures were obtained for 105 neonates (15.8%). Gram negative bacteria were the commonest causative agent in both early (66.7%) and late (56.9%) onset sepsis. Among neonates with sepsis, 33 patients (31.4%) had early onset and 72 patient (68.6%) had late-onset neonatal sepsis. The susceptibility of the isolated causative agent to selected antibiotics were the same in early and late onset sepsis. Over 70% of gram negative bacilli were resistant to both ampicillin and cloxacillin but show variable sensitivity to gentamicine and cefotaxime. Most of the isolated gram positive bacteria were sensitive to ampicillin, cloxacillin and cefotaxime but highly resistant to gentamicin. The death rate was 20.9%. Early onset sepsis, male gender, gestational age less than 37 weeks and birth weight less than 2500 gm were found to be significantly associated with death.Conclusions: Gram negative bacteria were the main cause of early and lateonset neonatal sepsis in our center and many of these isolated bacteria were resistant to the used antibiotics. Low birth weight neonates <2500 gm, gestational age < 37weeks, male gender and early onset sepsis were significantly associated with death. The death rate due to neonatal sepsis was higher compared with the other studies.
Recommendations: Proper antenatal care and optimal obstetric management in early detection and treatment of mothers at risks together with minimizing invasive procedures of infants as much as possible and ideal nursery setup which includes adequate space for care of infants and aseptic equipments for monitoring.
Hearing morbidity post head and neck radiotherapy
Authors: ALI ABD-ALMER JWAD Ali 
Published: January 2024

Introduction: radiation therapy carries an important role in the treatment of head and neck (H&N) cancers. Exposure of cells to ionizing radiation produces a variety of biological and molecular changes that may manifest clinically as tumor killing or normal tissue toxicity, the type and severity of these effects depend on variables such as the energy and type of radiation, the composition of target biologic tissue, the cellular and molecular response, duration of exposure, and cellular microenvironment. A sound signal in the environment is collected by the pinna, passes through external auditory canal and strikes the tympanic membrane_ Vibrations of the tympanic membrane are transmitted to stapes footplate through a chain of ossicles coupled to the tympanic membrane Movements of stapes footplate cause pressure changes in the labyrinthine flu ids which move the basilar membrane. This stimulates the hair cells of the organ of Corti. It is these hair cells which act as transducers and convert the mechanical energy into electrical impulses which travel along the auditory nerve.
Objective: to determine the effect of radiotherapy on hearing process.
Method: Prospective case control study on 45 patients (90 ears) in al diwaniyah teaching hospital from January 2013 to October 2016 with head and neck malignant tumors diagnosed by histopathological specimens, of both sexes and treated with radiotherapy are included in the study. Patient with history of hearing impairment (disabling or documented sever to profound hearing loss), chronic otitis media and those who receive chemotherapy previously are excluded from study. Pre radiotherapy pure tone audiogram and 6 month after when the patient come back to oncology unit for fellow up their condition those patients allocated in group A while group B (control) 45 healthy person (90 ears) are chosen from staff of hospital and college of medicine after announcement for volunteers in study pure tone audiogram done for them as in case group.
Results: Regarding the mean of age for group A was 53 years with range from 30-70 years , with male: female ratio 4:1while for control group(B) was 49 years with range 25-60 years and male to female ratio 2:1. Most common neoplasia was carcinoma of larynx followed by nasopharyngeal , oropharyngeal and hypo pharyngeal carcinoma, oral cavity and paranasal sinuses Regarding hearing about 38 (42.18%) of patients (group A) not affected by radiotherapy while 43 patients (47.75%) got worse hearing after radiotherapy, only 9 patients (9.99%) had hearing improvement. While in control group 73 (81.11%) not changed, 6(6.66%) deteriorate and 11(12.22%) had improve hearing.
Conclusions:

Radiotherapy induced hearing problems occur in significant number in patient with head and neck tumors.
Hearing morbidity post radiotherapy mainly sensory neural
Patient counselling before radiotherapy about hearing disabilities should be regarded.
Further long term studies and larger sample are needed.
Breast feeding and asthma in children in Diwanyiah
Authors: Naji Al-Hajjiah Nasma 
Published: January 2024

Background: the protective effect of and the association between breastfeeding and asthma has raised substantial interest and is a subject of debate.
Objectives: to study the relationship between asthma and feeding pattern in children up to the age of 12 years in Diwaniah, Iraq with a focus on breast feeding.
Patients and methods: this is a prospective study accomplished in the maternity and children teaching hospital in Diwaniah ,Iraq during the period from January 2015 to March 2016. The study involves 1242 patients with the diagnosis of asthma and control group of 1350 healthy infants and children were chosen for comparison. The pattern of feeding and the period of breast feeding in both groups were recorded together with other variables.
Results: sixty six percent( 688 out of 1041) of patients with asthma ? 5 years were artificially fed and only 13.5% of them were breast fed. the rate of asthma is significantly less in children with breast feeding especially when the age interval under five years is taken into consideration.
Conclusion: early, exclusive and prolonged breastfeeding protects against asthma in children particularly in those less than 5 years of age.
Risk factors of congenital anomalies in Karbala
Authors: K. alaarji Khalid 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND; Congenital anomalies can be defined as structural or functional abnormalities present at birth. They are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in infants. Various risk factors have been identified as contributing factors to these defects. The objectives of the present study are to determine the frequency of different structural congenital anomalies and possible risk factors responsible for these anomalies.
METHODS; This case - control study was carried out in the neonatal intensive care unit of Kerbala teaching hospital for children in Karbala / Iraq. The study was conducted over 18 month’s period from January 1, 2014 to May 31, 2015. All babies admitted to neonatal care unit with congenital anomalies during this period were included apart from neonate with suspicion of inborn error of metabolism and those with chromosomal abnormalities because there are no facilities for definite diagnosis of these diseases.
Seventy seven newborns with congenital anomalies included in this study, males 47(61.04%) and females 30 (38.96%) and 100 newborn without congenital anomalies, male 59 (59%) and female 41 (41%), selected randomly as a control.
The statistical method which used to signify the risk factors is relative risk (RR). [RR = 1 no effect, RR > 1 is a risk factor, and RR < 1 is protective]
RESULTS; In present study, the congenital anomalies related to the cardiovascular system (CVS) were the most common 33(42.86%). Males 47(61.04%) were more commonly affected than females 30 (38.96%). Cases of congenital anomaly were found in 60 (77.92%) of multiparas, whereas 17 (22.08%) in primiparas. It has been seen that 45 (58.44%) of the mothers were 20 - 30 years old, 15 (19.48%) of the mothers were between 30 - 40 years old, and 6 (7.79%) of the mothers were over the 40 years old.
In the present study, 54 (70.13%) mothers of babies delivered with congenital anomalies had a history of consanguinity. Also, 6 (7.79%) mothers of babies delivered with congenital anomalies had a history of diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSION; The congenital anomalies were cardiovascular system (CVS) 33(42.86%), gastrointestinal system 25 (32.47%), and central nervous system 14 (18.18%).

The main risk factors were consanguinity and maternal diabetes.
Polymorphism of Vitamin D Receptor (re2228570) in Sera of Coronary Artery Diseases and its Association with Various Anthropometric and Biochemical Parameters
Authors: Siham  Abdul Zahra Rahi Siham , Jawad Al-Tu’ma Fadhil , Madlool Al-Ganabi Anwar , F. Al-Tu’ma Jawad 
Published: January 2024

Objective : Coronary artery disease is increasing and accounts for a high proportion among others diseases. In Iraq various studies have been reported that the polymorphism of vitamin D receptor VDR-Fok I gene like rs 2228570 are associated with CAD patients.
Aim: This study was aimed to investi­gate the association between the SNP of VDR Fok I (rs2228570) gene with various anthropometric and biochemical parameters as a risk for CAD in Iraqi population.
Methods and Materials : The current case - control study consisted of 300 samples , 150 of them were obtained from CAD patients who underwent the angiography department – heart centre – Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital, Al-Hussein Medical City / Holy Kerbala - Iraq and another 150 healthy control samples. Phenotypic data included body mass index (BMI), levels of fasting blood sugar (FBS), lipid profile, and blood urea, serum creatinine. Genotyping of rs2228570 polymorphism was carried out by PCR–RFLP method. DNA was extracted from genomic whole blood and genotyping was achieved with specific primers to amplify fragments for digestion with restriction enzymes. The enzyme Fok I was used for the digestion of VDR gene product followed by electrophoresis on agarose gel. Various statistical analyses were applied to analyse the data.
Result: Digestion of VDR – Fok I gene product (PCR-product ) exhibited an amplicon size of 273 bp, when this amplicon digested with Fok I enzyme, it gives three genotypes indicated one (273bp), two (75 bp + 198 bp) and three (75 bp + 198 bp + 273 bp ) bands for those with wild type (TT), homozygous (CC) and heterozygous (TC) genotypes respectively. Genotype frequencies of rs2228570 polymorphism were found to be consistent with Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium with allele frequencies of TT wild genotype (33.3%), TC heterozygous genotype (46.7%), and CC homozygous genotype (20%) in cases of CAD group while 66.7%, 30 % and 3.3 % for wild, heterozygous, and homozygous in the control group respectively. The homozygous genotype (CC) was significantly (OR= 7.25, CI 2.74-19.20 , P<0.001 ) increased the risk of CAD seven and quarter folds with respect to those of the wild type (TT) after adjustment for age, sex and BMI, while the TC genotype significantly (OR = 2.04, CI 95% ; 1.27-3.28 , P<0.001) raised the risk of CAD by two folds. Co-dominant genotypes of rs2228570 polymorphism exhibited significant association with anthropometric and biochemical parameters such as BMI, and lipid profile among patients groups as compared with control groups.
Conclusion: The obtained results improved that the gene polymorphism of VDR-Fok I was associated with high risk for development and progression of CAD and exhibited a significant association with increased BMI and lipid profile of coronary artery diseases of Iraqi population.
Efficacy of glycerol rhizotomy in trigeminal neuralgia: case-series
Authors: Abbas Al-Khafaji Zuhair , Ali Ahmed Methaq 
Published: January 2024

Treatment of trigeminal neurolagia by percutaneous retrogasserian glycerol rhizotomy was assessed in a series of 45 patients during the period from May 2008 through June 2012 with a follow up period ranging from 2 to 24 months postoperatively. All patients enrolled in the present study were considered medical failures before the procedure. Achievement of substantial pain relief was reported in 42 patients (93.3 %) and no further medical treatment was needed. Outcome also included reduction in facial sensation in 30 patients (66.7 %) and recurrence in 4 patients (8.9 %). Failure of treatment was seen in 3 patients (6.7 %).
Conclusion: percutaneous retrogasserian glycerol rhizotomy offers safe and reliable relief of pain in patients with trigeminal neuralgia; low recurrence rate and long lasting reduction in facial sensations are the major disadvantages; nonetheless, it is by far, in our opinion, the method of choice in elderly particularly high risk patients.
The rate of migraine headache among sample of Iraqi diabetic patients: a cross sectional study
Authors: Khalil Ibraheem  Al-Hamadani Hussein 
Published: January 2024

Background: Migraine is characterized by recurrent attacks of headache and its pathophysiology is still enigmatic. A number of environmental factors has been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of migraine by some authors (3). Trials of linking metabolic derangements to the pathophysiology of headache episode in migraine patients have recently emerged in a number of literatures. Obesity and diabetes have been evaluated in a number of studies in relation to migraine.
Aim of the study: To evaluate the rate of migraine headache among a sample of Iraqi diabetic patients.
Patients and methods: Current cross sectional study included 200 patients already diagnosed as having type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus. Those patients were reviewed for having criteria suggesting migraine headache according to “International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD)”. Variables included in the present study are: age, gender, type of diabetes mellitus, duration of diabetes and the level of HbA1c%. The study was conducted at the neurology unit, Al-Dewaniyah teaching hospital, Al-dewaniyah province, Iraq. The study started on January 2017 and ended at June 2018.
Results: Number of diabetic patients with migraine was 58 out of 200 accounting for a rate of 29%. Migraineurs were more likely to be female gender in comparison with diabetic non-migraineurs, male to female proportion of 21/37 versus 79/63, respectively; the difference was significant (P=0.013). Patients with type 1 diabetes were more liable to have migraine than patients with type 2 diabetes, 13 out of 29 (44.8%) versus 45 out of 171 (26.3%), respectively; the difference was significant (P=0.042). According to the type of treatment, those patients on insulin therapy were more liable to be migraineurs than those patients on oral hypoglycemic agents, 38 out of 100 (38%) versus 20 out of 100 (20%), respectively; the difference was highly significant (P=0.005). Patients with migraine had significantly longer duration of diabetes in comparison with those diabetics who are free of migraine, 7.18 ±4.43 years versus 4.18 ±4.58 years, respectively, (P<0.001).
Conclusion: the present study showed that the prevalence of migraine headache in diabetic patients is higher than in the general population and its rate is significantly associated with the duration of diabetes, type 1 diabetes, insulin therapy and female gender.
Trend of lung cancer in AL-Diwanyah teaching hospital (chest department)
Authors: H.Albadri Abdulraheem , Mohsen Alzamily Sabah 
Published: January 2024

Lung cancer is responsible for the most cancer deaths in both men and women throughout the world. Deaths from lung cancer (160,440 in 2004, according to the National
Cancer Institute) exceed the number of deaths from four other major cancers combined (breast, colon, pancreatic and prostate).

Objective:
To assess the behavior and the approaches of lung cancer in a sample of Iraqi patients.

Methods:
This descriptive retrospective study was performed using the records of 450 patients proved to have lung cancer that had attending the chest department in ALdiwanyah teaching hospital for the period from January,1st,2003 December,31st,2018.

Results:
The results of this study revealed that 70% of the patients were male, with a mean age of 63 years. The majority of the patients (96%) were smokers, the number of cases increases with the increase in the duration of smoking or the amount of daily cigarette smoking. ,that can be calculated into tow groups(more than 20 pack-year were 80% while less than 20 pack-year were 16%).
Conclusions:
Lung cancer is an important and serious public health problem with an increasing in incidence and prevalence in Iraq; cough is the most common clinical finding, found in 60% of patients, followed by chest pain (22%); cigarette smoking is responsible for the at least 95% of its etiology. Sequamous cell carcinoma is the most common type of primary lung cancer in Iraq (44%) with prominence in male gender; adenocarcinoma is the second common type(30%). Key words: Lung cancer, Bronchogenic carcinoma,Tumor
Frequency of recurrence of nasal polyps post endoscopic polypectomy
Authors: Mohsin Hasan Al-Khazaali Amer , Kalaf Mahdi Abbas 
Published: January 2024

Background :
Enoscopic polypectomy in those patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps have many objects. These are :
Opening diseased sinus ostia to help restoration of mucociliary clearence ,removing the diseased tissue to alleviate symptoms of nasal blockage, help in delivery and distribution of topical nasal therapy to the diseased mucosa in the nose and paranasal sinuses, especially to the frontal and sphenoid sinuses and also to open the olfactory cleft area to improve the sense of smell.
Objectives : To discover the frequency of recurrence of sinonasal polyp post surgical removal by means of endoscopic polypectomy (EP) also the associated risk factors that predispose to that recurrence.
Design : prospective study.
Patient and method : Thirty two patients presented to the (E.N.T.) department in ALdiwaniyah general Hospital suffering from sign and symptom of nasal polyp resisting to medical polypectomy, with different ages and sex were studied from period of April 2018 to March 2019 ,and they were submitted for full history, clinical, endoscopic examination, radiological evaluation ,then the patients submit to of Endoscopic polypectomy, later on follow-up was done for period of 12 month that included: frequent endoscopic nasal examination.
Results : In this study we evaluate the frequency of the recurrence of nasal polypos post endoscopic polypectomy was 25%.

Conclusion: The overall recurrence rate was 25%, the highest frequency of recurrence was during the period of first six months post surgery and especially after the forth month.

Aim of the study :
To evaluate frequency of the recurrence of sinonasal polyp post endoscopic polypectomy (EP) . also the associated risk factors that predispose to that recurrence.
School performance among diabetic Children and adolescents
Authors: Kadem Jlab Ahmed , Saab Hasan Abbas 
Published: January 2024

Type 1 Diabetes millets it has a direct impact on cognitive functions. For prevent this problem, needs a good glycemic control, which can do by self-measurement blood glucose or need assistant from parents or teachers.
The child’s school performance will be best if the blood sugar remains in the acceptable range. Left untreated both high and low blood sugar levels can affect the child’s ability to concentrate on schoolwork and participate in school activities.
The cross section study was conducted on 100 diabetic patients aged between 8-18 years from Aldiwaniyah diabetic center, in Aldiwanyia city, from period of 1st March to 1st June, to estimated the effect of glycemic control on school performance, after selected patients, made an interviewed with them &/ parents, asked about demographical information (age, sex, level of education, residence, occupation & education of parents) disease variables (onset, duration, complication hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia, hospitalization, episodes of admission, insulin treatment times doses, blood sugar level, self measure &injection, regular visit to clinic), bad glycemic controls consider by level of HbA1c above 7% or had hyperglycemia for more than 3 times or hypoglycemia more than 2 times in last six months. School characters (failure, absences, skipping, exercise, activity) Poor school performance consider if she/he had absence from school more than 3 days, had school failure, skipping.
The bad school performance was observed in 73%, those with bad glycemic control represented (61%), in (83.7%) of bad glycemic control had poor school performance, in (79.6) patients with longer disease duration had poor school performance, on other hand (83.6%) of Patients with more frequent admission to hospital due to Diabetics complication had poor school performance.
In conclusion bad glycemic control, frequency of admission and disease duration were negatively effect on school performance, level of education patients his mother and self measurement of blood sugar were a determinants of glycemic control.
Recommendation was concentrated on ways of glycemic control by frequent self measurement, education of patients and relatives on nature of Diabetes and enhance compliance and motivation of patients. Frequent supervising by health care provider to schools of patients for reassurance and support of children and teachers.
Detection and determination of hepatitis B using molecular and serological methods in patients with hepatitis B in Al-Diwaniya Iraq
Authors: Abdulkhudhur Al-Zubaidi Mohsin , Bahreini Masoumeh , Reza Sharif moghadam Mohammad , Saleh Abood Al-Rubaye Wissam 
Published: January 2024

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the most prevalent pathogens in the world and infection with this virus is a serious threat for public health. The pathogenesis of HBV depends on the critical interplay between viral and host factors.
Test 88 samples for the detection of serological markers using ELISA and PCR technique for positive HBsAg. Regarding population group (HBsAg) positive, the seroprevalence rate of HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc IgM, HBc Total HBeAg , anti-HBe and HBV DNA were 25%, 5%, 12%, 10%, 9%, 17% and 22% respectively. In this study, hepatitis was diagnosed with the following tests HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc IgM, anti-HBc total using the ELISA device. HBV DNA was also tested using PCR. To determine the stage of the disease, the HBeAg, anti-HBe and ALT test was added and the stages of the disease were Chronic HBV, Acute HBV, Incubation period, Recovery stage, Window stage, false positive and carrier stage 36.36%, 25%, 17.07%, 15.90%, 2.27%, 2.27 % and 1.13% respectively.