bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In situ and Real‐time Monitoring the Chemical and Thermal Evolution of Lithium‐ion Batteries with Single‐crystalline Ni‐rich Layered Oxide Cathode
Authors: Zhang Qimeng , Wang Yuzhen , Deng Qiang , Chu Youqi , Dong Pengyuan , Chen Changdong , Wang Ziming , Xia Zhiguo , Yang Chenghao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHigh‐capacity Ni‐rich layered oxides are promising cathode materials for fabrication of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) with high energy density. However, thermal runaway of LIBs with these cathodes leads to great safety concerns. In this study, single crystalline LiNi0.9Co0.05Mn0.05O2 (NCM‐SC) has been prepared and a flexible optical fiber was buried inside the pouch‐type LIBs with NCM‐SC cathode to in situ study its real‐time temperature evolution during charge/discharge process. NCM‐SC exhibits an enhanced Li+ ions transportation efficiency and electrode reaction kinetics, which can effectively reduce the generation of polarization heat and mitigate the internal temperature rise of the pouch‐type battery. Meanwhile, solid‐electrolyte interface (SEI) film decomposition and gas accumulation are effectively alleviated, due to the enhanced thermal stability of SEI film formed on NCM‐SC. Moreover, the single crystal architecture can effectively retard layered to spinal and rock‐salt phase transition, mitigate the crack formation and structural collapse. Consequently, NCM‐SC exhibits an excellent electrochemical performance and enhanced thermal stability.
Photoelectron Migration Boosted by Hollow Double‐Shell Dyads Based on Covalent Organic Frameworks for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Wang Meiying , Lv Haowei , Dong Beibei , He Wenhao , Yuan Daqiang , Wang Xinchen , Wang Ruihu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPhotocatalytic hydrogen production based on noble metal‐free systems is a promising technology for the conversion of solar energy into green hydrogen, it is pivotal and challenging to tailor‐make photocatalysts for achieving high photocatalytic efficiency. Herein, we reported a hollow double‐shell dyad through uniformly coating covalent organic frameworks (COFs) on the surface of hollow Co9S8. The double shell architecture enhances the scattering and refraction efficiency of incident light, shortens the transmission distance of the photogenerated charge carriers, and exposes more active sites for photocatalytic conversion. The hydrogen evolution rate is as high as 23.15 mmol g−1 h−1, which is significantly enhanced when compared with that of their physical mixture (0.30 mmol g−1 h−1) and Pt‐based counterpart (11.84 mmol g−1 h−1). This work provides a rational approach to the construction of noble‐metal‐free photocatalytic systems based on COFs to enhance hydrogen evolution performance.
Azobenzene‐Based Linker Strategy for Selective Activation of Antibody–Drug Conjugates
Authors: Xiao Dian , Liu Lianqi , Xie Fei , Dong Jingwen , Wang Yanming , Xu Xin , Zhong Wu , Deng Hongbin , Zhou Xinbo , Li Song 
Published: February 2024

AbstractExisting antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) linkers, whether cleavable or non‐cleavable, are designed to release highly toxic payloads or payload derivatives upon internalisation of the ADCs into cells. However, clinical studies have shown that only <1 % of the dosed ADCs accumulate in tumour cells. The remaining >99 % of ADCs are nonspecifically distributed in healthy tissue cells, thus inevitably leading to off‐target toxicity. Herein, we describe an intelligent tumour‐specific linker strategy to address these limitations. A tumour‐specific linker is constructed by introducing a hypoxia‐activated azobenzene group as a toxicity controller. We show that this azobenzene‐based linker is non‐cleavable in healthy tissues (O2 >10 %), and the corresponding payload derivative, cysteine‐appended azobenzene‐linker–monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), can serve as a safe prodrug to mask the toxicity of MMAE (switched off). Upon exposure to the hypoxic tumour microenvironment (O2<1 %), this linker is cleaved to release MMAE and fully restores the high cytotoxicity of the ADC (switched on). Notably, the azobenzene linker‐containing ADC exhibits satisfactory antitumour efficacy in vivo and a larger therapeutic window compared with ADCs containing traditional cleavable or non‐cleavable linkers. Thus, our azobenzene‐based linker sheds new light on the development of next‐generation ADC linkers.
Mechanocatalytic Synthesis of Ammonia: State of the Catalyst During Reaction and Deactivation Pathway
Authors: Reichle Steffen , Kang Liqun , Demirbas Derya , Weidenthaler Claudia , Felderhoff Michael , DeBeer Serena , Schüth Ferdi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAmmonia synthesis holds significant importance for both agricultural fertilizer production and emerging green energy applications. Here, we present a comprehensive characterization of a catalyst for mechanochemical ammonia synthesis, based on Cs‐promoted Fe. The study sheds light on the catalyst‘s dynamic evolution under reaction conditions and the origin of deactivation. Initially, elemental Cs converts to CsH, followed by partial CsOH formation due to trace oxygen impurities on the surface of the Fe metal and the equipment. Concurrently, the mechanical milling process comminutes Fe, exposing fresh metallic Fe surfaces. This comminution correlates with an induction period observed during ammonia formation. Critical to the study, degradation of active Cs promoter species (CsH and CsNH2) into inactive CsOH emerged as the primary deactivation mechanism. By increasing the Cs content from 2.2 mol % to 4.2 mol %, we achieved stable, continuous ammonia synthesis for nearly 90 hours, showcasing one of the longest‐running mechanocatalytic gas phase reactions. Studies of the temperature dependence of the reaction revealed negligible bulk temperature influence in the range of −10 °C to 100 °C, highlighting the dominance of mechanical action over bulk thermal effects. This study offers insights into the complex interplay between mechanical processing, reactive species, and deactivation mechanisms in mechanocatalytic ammonia synthesis.
Light‐Triggered Disassembly of Molecular Motor‐based Supramolecular Polymers Revealed by High‐Speed AFM
Authors: van Ewijk Chris , Xu Fan , Maity Sourav , Sheng Jinyu , Stuart Marc C. A. , Feringa Ben L. , Roos Wouter H. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPhotoresponsive supramolecular polymers have a major potential for applications in responsive materials that are externally triggered by light with spatio‐temporal control of their polymerisation state. While changes in macroscopic properties revealed the adaptive nature of these materials, it remains challenging to capture the dynamic depolymerisation process at the molecular level, which requires fast observation techniques combined with in situ irradiation. By implementing in situ UV illumination into a High‐Speed Atomic Force Microscope (HS‐AFM) setup, we have been able to capture the disassembly of a light‐driven molecular motor‐based supramolecular polymer. The real‐time visualisation of the light‐triggered disassembly process not only reveals cooperative depolymerisation, it also shows that this process continues after illumination is halted. Combining the data with cryo‐electron microscopy and spectroscopy approaches, we obtain a molecular‐level description of the motor‐based polymer dynamics reminiscent of actin chain‐end depolymerisation. Our detailed understanding of supramolecular depolymerisation will drive the development of future responsive polymer systems.
Low‐coordination Nanocrystalline Copper‐based Catalysts through Theory‐guided Electrochemical Restructuring for Selective CO2 Reduction to Ethylene
Authors: Fang Wensheng , Lu Ruihu , Li Fu‐Min , He Chaohui , Wu Dan , Yue Kaihang , Mao Yu , Guo Wei , You Bo , Song Fei , Yao Tao , Wang Ziyun , Xia Bao Yu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRevealing the dynamic reconstruction process and tailoring advanced copper (Cu) catalysts is of paramount significance for promoting the conversion of CO2 into ethylene (C2H4), paving the way for carbon neutralization and facilitating renewable energy storage. In this study, we initially employed density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to elucidate the restructuring behavior of a catalyst under electrochemical conditions and delineated its restructuring patterns. Leveraging insights into this restructuring behavior, we devised an efficient, low‐coordination copper‐based catalyst. The resulting synthesized catalyst demonstrated an impressive Faradaic efficiency (FE) exceeding 70 % for ethylene generation at a current density of 800 mA cm−2. Furthermore, it showed robust stability, maintaining consistent performance for 230 hours at a cell voltage of 3.5 V in a full‐cell system. Our research not only deepens the understanding of the active sites involved in designing efficient carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) catalysts but also advances CO2 electrolysis technologies for industrial application.
Highly Selective and Efficient Perdeuteration of n‐Pentane via H/D Exchange Catalyzed by a Silica‐Supported Hafnium‐Iridium Bimetallic Complex
Authors: Pichugov Andrey V. , Escomel Léon , Lassalle Sébastien , Petit Julien , Jabbour Ribal , Gajan David , Veyre Laurent , Fonda Emiliano , Lesage Anne , Thieuleux Chloé , Camp Clément 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA Surface OrganoMetallic Chemistry (SOMC) approach is used to prepare a novel hafnium‐iridium catalyst immobilized on silica, HfIr/SiO2, featuring well‐defined [≡SiOHf(CH2tBu)2(μ‐H)3IrCp*] surface sites. Unlike the monometallic analogous materials Hf/SiO2 and Ir/SiO2, which promote n‐pentane deuterogenolysis through C−C bond scission, we demonstrate that under the same experimental conditions (1 bar D2, 250 °C, 3 h, 0.5 mol %), the heterobimetallic catalyst HfIr/SiO2 is highly efficient and selective for the perdeuteration of alkanes with D2, exemplified on n‐pentane, without substantial deuterogenolysis (<2 % at 95 % conversion). Furthermore this HfIr/SiO2 catalyst is robust and can be re‐used several times without evidence of decomposition. This represents substantial advance in catalytic H/D isotope exchange (HIE) reactions of C(sp3)−H bonds.
Preparation, shape memory properties and application research of PLA/PCL‐based shape memory polymers doped with Al2O3 and lignin
Authors: Liu Bei , Gu Xilong , Chen Xi , Yang Yawen , Zou Jiaqi , Yin Haibin , Cai Yongquan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this paper, the influence of different material trademarks, mass ratios, the melt mass‐flow rate (MMFR) and molecular weights (MW), mold and injection temperatures, Al2O3 powder and lignin on the shape memory properties of PLA/PCL SMP material (PPSM) were then analyzed in detail by different characteristic methods. Besides, three promising applications (Origami metamaterials and variable‐stiffness grippers) are provided utilizing the PPSM doped with Al2O3/lignin. Eventually, a compensating strategy was discussed to improve the final configuration of the SMP after multi‐cycles. The shape memory recovery ratios could be improved by increasing the MMFR of PLA and the MW of PCL. The addition of 2 g‐Al2O3 could shorten the recovery time, while the addition of 2 g‐lignin could increase the thermal‐recovery force and mechanical performance. The shape memory rate under 20 g weights, initial peak forces at room and high temperatures of the origami metamaterials could reach 57%, 2027.29 N and 17.49 N, respectively. The tensile force of banding rebars could reach 150.29 N, which is promising to apply into the construction field.
Effect and mechanism analysis of matrix resin type on thermal aging characteristics of semi‐conductive shielding material for high voltage cable
Authors: Liu Tianyao , Liu Tianzhen , Li Xuejing , Wei Yanhui , Zhu Yuanwei , He Jinliang , Li Guochang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe type of matrix resin of the semi‐conductive shielding layer directly affects the thermal aging characteristics of the semi‐conductive shielding layer and the high‐voltage cable. In this paper, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), ethylene ethyl acrylate (EEA), and ethylene butyl acrylate (EBA) resins were used as matrix to prepare carbon black (CB) + EVA, CB + EEA, and CB + EBA shielding materials. The law of physicochemical, electrical, and mechanical properties of different matrix resin shielding materials with aging time was studied, and the influence mechanism of matrix resin on the aging characteristics of shielding materials was analyzed. The results show: with the increase of aging time, the crystallization area and the number of functional groups of the three shielding materials decreased to varying degrees. The number of functional groups in CB + EBA shielding materials decreased evenly with aging time, but that of CB + EVA and CB + EEA shielding materials changed significantly after 7 days of aging. After 60 days of aging, the crystallization area of CB + EBA shielding material changed slightly, but that of CB + EVA and CB + EEA shielding material decrease significantly. The electrical properties of the three shielding materials showed different decreasing trend with aging time. When the aging time is 7 days, the positive temperature coefficient (PTC) effect of CB + EEA shielding material decreases obviously. When the aging time is 30 days, the resistivity of CB + EVA and CB + EEA shielding material increases slowly (9 Ω cm–12 Ω cm) with the increase of temperature. When the aging time is 60 days, the resistivity of CB + EBA shielding material decreases obviously, and the PTC effect weakens obviously. Taking the mechanical properties of the shielding material as reference, the rapid deterioration stage of the mechanical properties of the three shielding materials is different. The CB + EVA and CB + EEA shielding material rapid deterioration time is 0–7 days, and the tensile strength and elongation of the shielding material are greatly reduced. The rapid deterioration stage of CB + EBA shielding material is 7–30 days, and the tensile strength and elongation decrease from 24.38 MPa and 499.5% to 14 MPa and 155.7%, respectively. This work can provide data support for the selection of matrix resin of shielding material and the fault analysis of shielding layer of high voltage cable.
Higher order structures and toughening mechanisms for simultaneously polymerized polymethacrylate/polyurethane
Authors: Kuwashiro Shiho , Hatanaka Yoshiro , Tao Kousaku , Higashi Seiji , Kago Keitaro , Hirano Hiroshi , Kishi Hajime 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAmorphous polymer/crystalline polymer blends can be prepared via the simultaneous polymerization of polymethacrylate/polyurethane combinations. The relationship between higher order structures and fracture mechanisms in these blends must be uncovered to elucidate the source of the increased fracture toughness of such materials. The present work involves the production of blended polymethacrylate/polyurethane and assess the internal structures of these specimens using optical and electron microscopy. These observations reveal the presence of both spherulites and elastomeric phases. The spherulites consisting of the polyurethane and are several micrometers in diameter whereas the phase‐separated polyurethane elastomeric domains are approximately 100 nm in size. Multiple cracks, crack bridging and plastic deformation around the precrack tips of loaded specimens are evidently responsible for the increased toughness of these blends. The former two phenomena are attributed to the presence of spherulites while the plastic deformation of the methacrylate matrix is ascribed to cavitation of the polyurethane elastomeric phases in response to loading.
Groundtruthing cumulative impact assessments with biodiversity data: Testing indicators and methods for marine ecosystem condition assessments in South Africa
Authors: Smit Kaylee P. , Sink Kerry J. , Shannon Lynne J. , Bernard Anthony T. F. , Lombard Amanda T. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Accurate assessments of ecosystem condition are needed to inform management processes such as systematic conservation planning and protected area expansion, marine spatial planning and other effective area‐based conservation measures. Yet measuring the condition of dynamic and often largely inaccessible marine ecosystems is extremely difficult and presents a global challenge.
Broad‐scale cumulative impact assessments have been used in South Africa as a proxy for marine ecosystem condition in national assessments and reporting because the data are more readily available, and knowledge exists on the impacts of various human activities (or pressures) on marine ecosystems. While useful for national reporting, assessments based on in situ ecological data are also needed at finer scales relevant to management.
Applying the HELCOM BEAT approach, this study used in situ ecological data to identify potential methods and indicators that can be applied in South Africa to conduct integrated ecosystem assessments and to assess the suitability of current cumulative impact assessments as a proxy for condition.
Aggregated fish indicators demonstrated greater sensitivity to varying human pressures compared with benthic community indicators, with responsiveness differing by location. Notably, site‐level differences in empirical condition emerged that broad‐scale cumulative assessments often missed. The study thus highlighted the varying suitability of cumulative impact scores as proxies for condition, indicating their reliability for fish communities. However, this is also dependent on the pressure types included, the biotic indicators used and the area of focus.
Conservation decisions based solely on cumulative impact scores could misrepresent the actual condition of the environment, which makes it difficult to make management decisions, especially at finer scales. As such, conservation initiatives need to be regionally adapted to effectively address the unique pressures and conditions of each area and should be tailored to account for fine‐scale variability, instead of adopting a one‐size‐fits‐all approach.
The potential impact of aquaculture on the genetic diversity and conservation of wild fish in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Sanda Mark K. , Metcalfe Neil B. , Mable Barbara K. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
An increasing focus on aquaculture using introduced strains or species poses a serious threat to native wild species in sub‐Saharan Africa, yet almost no policies have been enacted or regulations put in place to address this environmental challenge. Aquaculture in these regions has traditionally been conducted on a relatively small scale but is currently expanding rapidly and is projected to continue increasing in the coming decades, with increasing use of genetically improved strains. This expansion is occurring in a region known for its high biodiversity, creating challenges for increasing fish production without damaging wild fish populations. However, few studies have yet assessed the impacts of changes in aquaculture practice on the genetic composition and diversity of wild populations. The use of non‐native improved strains for aquaculture could cause competition, gene introgression when there is interbreeding with native populations or species, displacement of species and possible extinction of the native wild populations.
After providing historical context on African aquaculture, this review describes the current methods of fish breeding and genetic improvement programmes for the main species of cultured fishes, focusing on the potential conservation impacts of the use of introduced (and selectively bred) farmed species. Existing aquaculture policies, legislation and regulations regarding the import and farming of fish are then compared across the main fish‐producing countries. We recommend a regional policy framework considering fish introduction, risk analysis and risk management, human resources development and genetic monitoring that could be drafted into the existing policies to strengthen conservation efforts.
We conclude by making recommendations for refining existing regulations and for future research aimed at minimizing the impacts of aquaculture on wild fish populations in sub‐Saharan Africa. Aquaculture in this region needs implementation of responsible guidelines to avoid genetic impacts on native populations of high conservation value.
BIM‐Integration von Sensordaten aus dem Monitoring von Eisenbahnbrücken im Betrieb
Authors: Brötzmann Jascha , Grunert Günther , Thiele Christian‐Dominik , Rüppel Uwe , Lorenzen Steven 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDas Konzept des Building Information Modeling, kurz BIM, wird im AEC‐Sektor (Architektur, Ingenieurwesen, Bauwesen) v. a. in der Planung immer häufiger angewendet. Dies ist auf mehrere Faktoren zurückzuführen, darunter rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen sowie Fortschritte im Bereich der Softwareentwicklung und Datenverarbeitung. Dieser kontinuierliche Fortschritt führt zu einem breiten Spektrum an Anwendungsmöglichkeiten. So lässt sich das BIM‐Konzept daher auch für Anwendungen im Betrieb einsetzen, wie bspw. beim Monitoring von Eisenbahnbrücken. Hier werden Brückenbauwerke und Züge mit Sensoren ausgestattet, um die Brücken in Echtzeit überwachen und bewerten zu können. Die dabei aufgenommenen Sensordaten können in bestehende BIM‐Modelle integriert werden, um u. a. ein Update von Tragwerksmodellen durchzuführen und so realitätsnähere Tragwerksmodelle zu erhalten. Weiterhin ist auf der Grundlage der Auswertung der Sensordaten eine frühzeitige Schadenserkennung möglich und die aktualisierten Modelle können eine Abschätzung der Folgen erlauben. Diese Untersuchungen sind Teil des Forschungsprojekts ZEKISS, bei dem die Autoren hierfür Lösungsmöglichkeiten erarbeiten.
Transforming trash: strategies to develop waste into a feedstock for a circular bioeconomy
Authors: Ni Cynthia , Friedman Douglas C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOrganic by‐product and waste streams generated from agriculture and food production are important future feedstocks for manufacturing chemicals, polymers, and other materials in a circular bioeconomy. These waste streams are currently underutilized and under‐explored in the context of biomanufacturing though much funding and infrastructure have been made available for their use in energy generation. The natural ability of microorganisms to utilize compounds in organic wastes, coupled with advances in engineering biology that enable scientists to manipulate biological systems to produce chemicals, polymers, and materials, and improve upon those processes, present a promising technological approach to the utilization of these waste streams as feedstocks. However, the characteristics of waste streams make them challenging to incorporate into biomanufacturing processes. These challenges can be addressed with additional advances in engineering biology research and thoughtful approaches to process development. Research and process development around the use of existing, localized waste streams present distinct benefits and raise interesting considerations, and are important undertakings. These activities will be as complex as the waste streams targeted; as such, coordination of efforts across relevant agencies and organizations, and collaborations between researchers, waste generators, customers, and other stakeholders will be critical to their success. To make meaningful and rapid contributions towards utilization of organic wastes as biomanufacturing feedstocks we recommend: (1) The National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) at the US Department of Agriculture should incorporate into existing programs the development of organic waste conversion into chemicals, polymers, and other materials using engineering biology and, if possible, establish new programs focused on this area; and (2) NIFA should oversee, coordinate, and publicize collaborative efforts that include federal agencies, state and regional agricultural research centers and cooperatives, and program‐related infrastructure.