bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discourse Markers as Cues for Topic Shift Interpretation: Experimental Evidence from Spanish
Authors: Villalobos Cardozo Mercedes , Crible Ludivine , Degand Liesbeth 
Published: January 2025

Despite the complex terminological panorama regarding discourse markers (hereafter DMs) and the elusiveness of the notion of discourse topic, the relationship between these linguistic phenomena is a long-standing one. Descriptions linking the two are present in early work on DMs and are still the subject of ongoing discussion. Often, however, these characterisations, which present certain DMs as cues for topic management in interaction, are made from a corpus-based perspective. Here, as part of a larger mixed-methods project investigating DMs from production to prediction, we explore participants’ interpretations of discourse topic in conversation when introduced by three DM configurations in Spanish: y (“and”), perceived lengthened y (“and”), and the combination bueno y (“well and”). This is achieved through an experimental forced-choice task and the qualitative analysis of the material presented, based on authentic data in Spanish. By doing so, we examine the intricate relationship between DMs and their context to disentangle their actual contribution to the interpretation of discourse topic. Results show that these DMs do not override the semantic content of the utterances and, therefore, only moderately contribute to recognising topic continuity or topic discontinuity. An analysis of the content of the utterances presented in our stimuli allowed us to create a set of strong and weak strategies for topic (dis)continuity that seem to help speakers with the topic interpretation task.
Le siècle du célibat
Authors: Eyméoud Juliette 
Published: January 2025

Pourquoi les nobles du xviie siècle ont-ils destiné la moitié de leurs enfants au célibat ? Quelle pouvait être la vie d’un ou d’une célibataire noble en France durant le Grand Siècle ? Le célibat, que l’on imagine source d’exclusion et de solitude, offrait-il au contraire une vie active et entourée ? Comment désignait-on les personnes non mariées alors que le mot « célibataire » n’existait pas encore ? En répondant à ces questions, le livre interroge le xviie siècle comme fabrique du célibat noble et propose une réflexion sur la définition même du célibat à l’époque moderne qui peut varier selon le genre et la vocation (religieuse ou laïque) de chaque individu. Pour donner corps à l’histoire d’un groupe social oublié, l’étude se décline à plusieurs échelles, depuis l’organisation des maisons nobles jusqu’aux portraits d’hommes et de femmes restés dans le célibat. Elle apporte de nouvelles connaissances sur l’histoire socio-économique de la noblesse du xviie siècle en mêlant l’analyse de phénomènes structurels et l’histoire du quotidien et des émotions.
Knockdown resistance associated organochlorine resistance in mosquito–borne diseases (Anopheles culicifacies): A systematic review
Authors: Abbasi Ebrahim , Daliri Salman , Mohseni Shokrollah , Zamani Aman Allah , Alivand Noorbakhsh , Moemenbellah-Fard Mohammad Djaefar 
Published: January 2025

Objective:
To investigate the prevalence, mechanisms, and trends of knockdown resistance (kdr) in Anopheles (An.) culicifacies and its impact on the efficacy of organochlorine and other insecticides.

Methods:
A systematic review was conducted based on PRISMA guidelines, extracting data from biooan.org, Embase, ProQuest, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science without a time limit until the end of 2022. Articles meeting the inclusion criteria were assessed using the STROBE checklist. Data on kdr mutations, insecticide resistance, and effectiveness were analyzed across eight selected studies from various regions.

Results:
The review revealed widespread kdr-mediated resistance in An. culicifacies, primarily against dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT), persisting even decades after discontinued use. Key kdr mutations, including L1014F and L1014S, were identified. Resistance to deltamethrin was less stable, with increased sensitivity observed after short-term discontinuation. The findings underscore the vector's sustained resistance to organochlorine insecticides and relative sensitivity to pyrethroids.

Conclusions:
Stable kdr resistance in An. culicifacies to organochlorine insecticides highlights the need for periodic susceptibility assessments and strategic rotation or combination of insecticides to combat malaria effectively and prevent the development of resistance.
Impact of a Visual-Auditory-Kinesthetic Model-Based Educational Package on Knowledge Regarding Stroke Among Security Guards in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital
Authors: Parul  , Venkatesan Latha , Srivastava Achal , Rajora Manju AK 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Stroke is a fatal disease with huge burden worldwide. Nonetheless, it is preventable, provided risk factors are controlled. Modifiable risk factors are associated with 90% of attributable risk for stroke. The growing burden of stroke indicates that the current stroke prevention strategies are either not used properly or insufficiently effective. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of risk factors of stroke and to assess the impact of a VAK (visual-auditory-kinesthetic) model-based educational program on knowledge of stroke among security guards.

Materials and Methods:
The data were collected in two phases. In the first phase, prevalence of risk factors of stroke among security guards was assessed. In the second phase, the security guards who were found to have high risk of stroke were given the educational package employing the VAK model. The educational package included researcher-developed videos on risk factors and management of stroke, a poster on Act FAST, and a card game on symptoms of stroke. Paired t-test was used to compare the means of knowledge score before and after intervention.

Result:
The security guards had risk factors for stroke including hypertension (12.7%), smoking (59%), and obesity (29.4%). The security guards showed improvement in knowledge score regarding stroke from a mean score of 9.2 ± 1.9 to a mean score of 16.3 ± 1.2 (P < 0.001) after the educational intervention.

Conclusion:
Hypertension, smoking, and obesity were the most common risk factors of stroke among security guards. The VAK model-based educational package was effective in improving knowledge of security guards regarding signs, symptoms, risk factors, and action to be taken on any sign of stroke.
A Cross-Sectional Study on Side Effects of “Corbevax” Covid-19 Vaccine among 12- to 14-Year Age Group in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Meerut, Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Mittal Chhaya , Bargayary Harimu , Saini Mohit 
Published: January 2025

Background:
The first mass vaccination program for COVID-19 in India started on January 16, 2021. Initially, Covaxin and Covishield were used. Later, the Government of India has approved the usage of Corbevax, a Hyderabad-based biological E SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) vaccine among 12- to 14-year age group from March 16, 2022. Corbevax vaccination was started in our hospital setting on March 19, 2022, for 12- to 14-year age group. Monitoring safety of any vaccine is of importance in a real-world setting. Limited study has been performed till date on side effects of Corbevax vaccine. Therefore, this study has been planned to assess the side effects after Corbevax vaccination among 12- to 14-year age group in a tertiary care hospital setting in Meerut district. To assess the side effects after Corbevax vaccination among 12- to 14-year age group in a tertiary care hospital setting in Meerut district. Tertiary care hospital setting and cross-sectional study design.

Methods and Material:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 270 study participants. Sample size was calculated assuming 50% prevalence of side effects after vaccination. Study subjects were selected by using simple random sampling among the beneficiaries of a tertiary care center. Data were collected using a pretested semistructured questionnaire. Proportions, Chi-square test.

Results:
Of all the participants, 41.48% had developed side-effects with pain at site of injection being the most commonly reported symptom (64.29%), and about half among those affected had resolved spontaneously.

Conclusions:
The vaccine causes only mild symptoms and is safe for use in children.
Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of commercially available fluoro-calcium phospho-silicate with sodium monofluorophosphate in reducing dentinal hypersensitivity: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Prathyusha Gathram , Anusha Gummadi , Amruthavalli Maddula Y. S. L. N. V. , Sri Pabbineedi Sai Satya , Keerthi Nalamati Shiva 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Aim:
To evaluate and compare the efficacy of Hydent® pro and Colgate® sensitive pro-relief™ action in relieving dentinal hypersensitivity with immediate, 1-month, and 3-month follow-ups.

Methodology:
This is a randomized controlled study conducted on 120 participants at the Department of Periodontics at Lenora Institute of Dental Sciences in Rajamahendravaram, Rajanagaram, from January 2023 to April 2023, who were clinically diagnosed with dentinal hypersensitivity and equally randomized into two groups with parallel treatment assigned with sodium monofluorophosphate and fluoro-calcium phospho-silicate (FCPS). The patients were assessed for dentinal hypersensitivity using an air blast and tactile sensitivity test, which are evaluated by the Schiff Cold Air Sensitivity Scale (SCASS) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS), to measure persistent efficacy intervals at baseline, 1-month, and 3-month follow-ups.

Statistical analysis:
Statistical analysis was conducted utilizing IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 22 software. Analysis of variance and unpaired t-tests were employed for pre- and post-comparisons.

Result:
Both the treatment groups showed statistically significant improvement in dentinal hypersensitivity. FCPS showed a statistically significant reduction in dentinal hypersensitivity on the SCASS and VAS when compared to sodium monofluorophosphate.

Conclusion:
Over-the-counter dentifrices with FCPS are effective for immediate and over a period of pain relief from dentinal hypersensitivity.
Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of triple antibiotic paste and propolis extract using three different vehicles as intracanal medicament: An in vitro study
Authors: Veronica Gunde , Reddy B. V Thimma , Chowdary Birapu Uday K. , Jadadoddi Raghavendra K. , Kumar R Hemanth , Saikiran Kanamarlapudi V. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
To compare the antimicrobial efficacy of triple antibiotic paste and propolis extract with three different vehicles against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans.

Study Design:
Crude form of propolis was taken and processed to obtain three different extracts of propolis using ethanol, glycerin, and water and was compared with triple antibiotic paste. The sample was divided into four groups as follows: Group 1—Triple antibiotic paste, Group 2—Ethanol extract of propolis, Group 3—Glycerin extract of propolis, and Group 4—Water extract of propolis. Fifty microliters of inoculum of three bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans) were taken and loaded onto Petri dishes by evenly streaking the entire surface of the plates. These plates were incubated at 37 °C for 24 h, and the zone of inhibition was recorded and sent for statistical analysis.

Results and Conclusion:
A significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed in the propolis extract groups and triple antibiotic group. The glycerin extract of propolis had better antimicrobial activity at all tested concentrations. As propolis is a natural product, it can be used as an alternative to conventional intracanal medicament.
Hepatitis B coverage and its awareness among medical, dental, and nursing students of a health university in Tumkur Karnataka – A cross-sectional study
Authors: Krishna Chandana , Babu B Manoj 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:
Hepatitis B is a well-known global public health problem. Globally, 360 million people are chronically infected, of whom almost one million people die annually of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related liver disease. Health care workers are at high occupational risk of HBV infection due to their potential contact with blood or body fluids and possible needle stick injuries. Since students of health professions (medical, nursing, and paramedical) are future health care workers that are early exposed to the risk of HBV infection during their clinical training, it is essential to know their vaccination coverage and awareness regarding hepatitis B infection.

Objective:
(1) To assess the coverage of hepatitis B vaccination among medical, dental, nursing, and paramedical students of Sri Siddhartha Academy of Higher Education. (2) To find out the reason for their non-vaccination/or partial vaccination. (3) To assess the awareness regarding hepatitis B among study subjects.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study among the medical, dental, nursing, and paramedical students of Sri Siddhartha Academy of Higher Education between February 2021 and August 2023. A pre-tested self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection through an online survey method. A total of 554 students responded to the online survey.

Results:
Hepatitis B coverage among the study subjects was 29.4%. 28.2% were partially immunized and 42.4% were unimmunized. Reason for not immunizing was lack of awareness regarding the need for vaccination (40.3%) and postponement till another time (40.3%). Awareness regarding hepatitis B was 89.9%.

Conclusion:
Coverage of hepatitis B vaccination was poor. Even though the awareness of hepatitis B was good, practice was poor.
Cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus – Cause or consequence of drug non-adherence
Authors: Perabathula Sreya Chinmaya , Chitti Anusha , Veeramani Kartheek A. S. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Context:
Diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for cognitive impairment in India. Screening for cognitive impairment is necessary in diabetic patients as it may pose risk of non-adherence to medication, which may lead to grave consequences.

Aims:
The objectives of the study were to estimate the cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using Mini-Cog as a screening tool, to assess medication adherence using the Morisky Medication Adherence scale (MMSA-8), and to determine any association between drug adherence and cognitive impairment.

Settings and Design:
Hospital-based cross-sectional analytical study.

Methods and Material:
A 3-minute Mini-Cog screening test was performed on patients with T2DM in the age group of 35–70 years attending the General Medicine Outpatient Department of Government General Hospital during the study period (3 months). Self-reported medication adherence was measured using the MMAS-8.

Statistical analysis:
T test and Pearson correlation test were used to find the association between the variables and cognitive impairment. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
Out of the 100 participants, about 10% had cognitive impairment (Mini-Cog score ≤ 2). About 38%, 44%, and 18% of the study population had high, medium, and low adherence, respectively, using MMAS-8. The mean MMAS-8 score was significantly higher (lower adherence) among participants with cognitive impairment (P = 0.012).

Conclusions:
Routine screening of cognitive impairment in diabetic patients using a simple 3-minute screening tool such as Mini-Cog test may assist in early detection, prompting necessary steps for evaluation and referral.
Effect of topical application and local infiltration of anesthetic agent on pain associated with wedging and matrix placement during proximal restoration
Authors: Tanikonda Rambabu , Mamidibathula Sri Devi , Malkapuram Rani Sirisha , Koneru Suneetha 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Aims:
To evaluate the pain perceived by the patient during the secured placement of the matrix and wedge under different anesthetic conditions using a visual analog scale.

Methods and Material:
Ninety patients with proximal surface lesions were included and assigned to three groups (n = 30). Before the matrix and wedge placement, the patient received either the anesthetic or placebo agents. VAS score measures the pain the patient perceives after the matrix and wedge placement.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Statistical analysis was done using the SPSS package, and the results were subjected to the Kruskal–Wallis test.

Results:
There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups who received one of the anesthetic agents. However, a statistically significant difference was present between the two anesthetic groups and the control group, which was chlorhexidine gel.

Conclusions:
Topical anesthetic gel effectively reduces pain during the placement of the matrix and wedge, resulting in better matrix band adaptation and, ultimately, the restoration’s good marginal adaptation.
Effects of erector spinae block on the postoperative quality of recovery after gender reassignment chest surgeries: A prospective randomized double-blinded study
Authors: Dinesh K R , Anand R Shankar , Priyadharsini K Soundarya , Prasad T Krishna 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:
Erector spinae plane block (ESPB) improves postoperative analgesia and significantly enhances the quality of recovery (QoR) after thoracic and breast surgeries. However, it is not known whether this block is beneficial in chest reassignment surgery in transgender patients. Regarding sexual reassignment surgeries, there is no data on appropriate and safe postoperative analgesia, especially in chest surgeries. ESPB may be an important part of postoperative analgesia application in such surgeries.

Objectives:
The objective is to determine whether ESPB could provide effective postoperative pain control in chest reassignment surgeries. The primary objective is to check for effective pain control in the postoperative period using pain scores. The secondary objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided ESPB on postoperative QoR using recovery and sedation scores.

Methods:
A randomized prospective double-blinded study was conducted at a tertiary university hospital. Eighty-two patients scheduled for elective chest reassignment surgeries were included in the study. Patients were randomized into the ESP group or the control group. The quality of recovery after surgery was measured using the 40-item quality of recovery (QoR-40). Numerical rating scale (NRS) scores at rest and then at coughing, analgesic requirements, and occurrences of nausea and vomiting were recorded.

Results:
Intraoperative and postoperative opioid consumption, rescue analgesia requirement, and resting and dynamic NRS scores were significantly lower in the ESP group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the presence of dynamic pain after the first postoperative hour. While all patients in the control group had nausea and vomiting, 24% of the patients in the ESP group did not have nausea and vomiting.

Conclusion:
This study showed that ESPB can be used as a sole analgesic agent, with the benefit of reducing opioid consumption and postoperative nausea and vomiting in sexual reassignment surgery in the chest.
Tribal preventive practices toward malaria in East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Krishnababu G , Sravana Kumar G. , Amaranath Reddy MC , Sowmyasudha K. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Malaria is one of the world’s important parasitic diseases. Malaria deaths reached 445,000 in 2016, a similar number (446,000) to 2015. In 2017, India contributed to 633,481 malaria cases and 103 deaths due to malaria. In Andhra Pradesh, among five endemic districts, East Godavari is one. We made an attempt to report tribal preventive practices toward malaria in this district.

Materials and Methods:
Using a multistage random method, a total of 1136 participants were interviewed from four tribal P.H.C areas of East Godavari district. Semistructured questionnaires, which consist of questions on preventive practices of malaria, were used as a tool to interview them. Data were entered into Excel sheets and analyzed by using SPSS 17.

Results:
93.04% ensure treatment for fever, 21.47% boil water to prevent the cause of malaria. 17.25% maintain a clean environment, 7.74% use nets to prevent disease transmission, 28.87% always approach health workers for malaria, 90.31% contact MPW-M for smear collection for fever, 42.07% never apply minor engineering measures, 22.35% clear bushes, 15.99% remove broken pots, and 39.26% cover the water containers with lids to prevent mosquito breeding. Prior to my visit, 67.34% stayed for a night in the forest, and 72.53% use a net while sleeping. All of them had IRS to their houses only for external walls and cattle sheds.

Conclusion:
To come to a conclusion, our tribal participants have poor practices toward malaria disease prevention. Use of nets and IRS is to be improved.
A rare case of histoplasma and cryptococcus coinfection in an apparently immunocompetent child
Authors: Pal Nupur , Sinha Rituparna , Ray Raja , Chakraborty Arunima , Banu Hasina , Dutta Supratim 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Histoplasma capsulatum and Cryptococcus neoformans fungal infections are mainly found in immunocompromised individuals, especially in patients with HIV/AIDS. However, histoplasma-cryptococcus coinfection in immunocompetent hosts is very rare. This rarity increases the chances of underdiagnosis and poor outcomes. From extensive literature search, 15 cases have been found till now. Among them only one immunocompetent case was reported from Brazil. In Asia, only one case was reported in an AIDS patient from India. Here we report a case first time from India where a six-year-old apparently immunocompetent girl presented with histoplasma-cryptococcus coinfection.
Smoking and COVID-19 search engine trends: An explanatory study
Authors: Chatti Prathyusha , Reddy Vamsi Krishna , Parlapalli Vineela , Pydi Siva Kumar , Rachuru Yaswanth Sai , Pottem Nagarjuna 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:
Smokers are generally more susceptible to infectious respiratory diseases and are at higher risk of developing severe complications from the infections. SARS-Cov-2 is a new virus, which was first identified in December 2019, and has rapidly spread into a global pandemic of primarily respiratory illness designated as Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Smokers are at greater risk for respiratory infections and were expected to be at increased risk for COVID-19 as well. Conflicting reports exist regarding the impact of smoking on the risk of COVID-19.

Aim and Objectives:
To conduct the exploratory analysis of Internet search volumes of smoking and COVID-19 using Google trends.

Methodology:
The aim of this research is to see if there is a correlation between global search patterns and smoking and COVID. The time frame can range from November 2019 to March 2021, which can be divided into months or days. Seven different search terms have been explored and compared based on the highest related search volume and comma related search volume to obtain the highest search traffic.

Results:
The search volume measured over time noted “smoking and COVID” to be the most searched term in South Africa and least in France. The years of the search terms are high when there is a surge in the COVID cases.

Conclusion:
The result from the present study offers an insight into a competent tool that can analyse and compare oral diseases over time. This tool can be utilised in forecasting, modulating marketing strategies and planning disability limitation techniques.