bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cryogenic Failure Behaviors of Al–Mg–Si Alloy Tubes in Bulging Process
Authors: Fan Xiaobo , Wang Xugang , Chen Xianshuo , Yuan Shijian 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Cryogenic medium pressure forming has been developed to form the complex-shaped tubular components, in which the needed shape and tube diameter directly determine the complex evolution of biaxial stress in bulging process. The superposition of biaxial stress and cryogenic temperature complicates the deformation behaviors, especially for the final fracture and bulging limit, which determine the forming quality of components. Therefore, the effects of tube geometry on failure orientation and fracture strain of Al–Mg–Si alloy tubes under cryogenic biaxial stress were elucidated, by utilizing cryogenic free bulging with different length–diameter ratios. The failure orientations and corresponding damage modes under different bulging geometric conditions were revealed. The influence mechanism of tube geometry and temperature on the failure mode was analyzed theoretically. A fracture model was established to predict the fracture strain in cryogenic bulging. The failure mode changes from circumferential cracking to axial cracking with the decreasing length–diameter ratio, owing to the stress sequence reversal induced by the significant nonlinearity of the stress path under a small length–diameter ratio. The failure mode can inverse under a larger length–diameter ratio of 1.0 at −196 °C because of the enhanced nonlinearity, which is promoted by the improved plasticity at cryogenic temperature. The established model based on the more accurate assessment of hardening ability during deformation can accurately predict the fracture strain with an average deviation of 10.6% at different temperatures. The study can guide deformation analysis and failure prediction in the cryogenic forming of aluminum alloy tubular parts.
Draft genome sequences of
Bacillus licheniformis
strains MEZBL63 and MEZBL64 harboring the lichenysin toxin operon isolated from livestock in South Africa
Authors: El Zowalaty Mohamed E. , Falgenhauer Linda , Ashour Hossam M. , Zishiri Oliver T. , Forsythe Stephen , Helmy Yosra A. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the draft genome sequences of two
Bacillus licheniformis
strains harboring the lichenysin operon that were isolated from healthy goat and horse in South Africa. The genomes were sequenced using Illumina MiSeq and had a length of 4,152,826 and 4,110,075 bp, respectively, with a G + C content of 46%.
A scoping review on heat indices used to measure the effects of heat on maternal and perinatal health
Authors: Brimicombe Chloe , Conway Francesca , Portela Anayda , Lakhoo Darshnika , Roos Nathalie , Gao Chuansi , Solarin Ijeoma , Jackson Debra 
Published: February 2024

A previous systematic review has shown associations between exposure to high temperatures and negative birth outcomes. To date, a scoping review for heat indices and their use to measure effects of heat on maternal and perinatal health has not been considered.ObjectivesTo provide a scoping review on heat stress and indices for those interested in the epidemiology and working in extreme heat and maternal perinatal health.MethodsThis study is a scoping review based on a previous review guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews. It identifies the main ways heat stress through different heat indices impacts maternal and perinatal health in available literature. For documents that met the inclusion criteria, we extracted 23 publications.ResultsWe find four heat indices: heat index, apparent temperature, wet bulb globe temperature and universal thermal climate index. Exposure to elevated levels of heat stress can be associated with preterm birth. In addition, the more intense and prolonged duration of exposure to heat stress, the greater the risk of stillbirth. Negative birth outcomes can occur from change in hormonal levels (ie, cortisol), dehydration and blood flow diversion away from the placenta and fetus when suffering from heat stress. All studies demonstrate that certain socioeconomic factors influence the effect of heat on maternal and perinatal health outcomes.ConclusionWe make three suggestions based on the results: (1) heat indices should be standardised across studies and explained. (2) An increased number of perinatal and maternal health outcomes explored. Finally, (3) enhanced collaboration across climate and health to improve understanding.
Comparing the rate of inpatient admissions of prison residents with COVID-19 to the general population in England in 2020/2021 using Hospital Episode Statistics data
Authors: Davies Miranda , Roy Anjana 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveTo compare the rate of inpatient admissions of prison residents with COVID-19 to the general population and to consider differences in the use of inpatient and outpatient services by prison residents in England in the first year of the pandemic (2020/2021), to the 12 months prior to the pandemic (2019/2020).MethodsThe pseudonymised records of patients who accessed admitted patient care and outpatient hospital services from a prison address in England between 1 April 2019 and the 31 March 2021 were extracted from Hospital Episode Statistics data. Descriptive statistics summarise the most common primary admitting diagnosis and the proportion of outpatient appointments attended and not attended. Indirectly standardised adjusted admission rate was calculated to compare the rate of inpatient admissions by prison residents with COVID-19 to the general population.ResultsThe standardised adjusted admission rate for COVID-19 was 2.2 times higher in prison than the general population. Hospital data highlight continuing challenges regarding high levels of violence and self-harm resulting in hospital admissions during a period when people were spending an increasing amount of time in their cells.ConclusionsDespite efforts to minimise the spread of COVID-19 in secure settings, prison residents in England were significantly more likely to be hospitalised with a COVID-19 diagnosis relative to the general population during the first year of the pandemic. This is in addition to the wider implications of the COVID-19 restrictions, particularly spending extended periods in isolation, on people’s mental health.
Detailed modeling of odd–even staggering in fission-fragment charge distributions
Authors: Möller Peter , Schmitt Christelle 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDuring the last 10 years or so the Brownian shape-motion (BSM) model has been used in numerous calculations of fission-fragment mass and charge distributions with encouraging agreement with experimental measurements. In this model the structure obtained in the fission-fragment distributions is entirely a consequence of the structures in the calculated five-dimensional (5D) potential-energy surfaces. The potential-energy model until recently did not accommodate the influence of the emerging fragment properties on the calculated potential energy. Therefore there were no odd-even effects in the calculated fission-fragment distributions. Recent extensions of the potential-energy model allow properties of the nascent fragments to be included in the potential-energy model. Application of the BSM model to execute random walks on these more detailed potential-energy surfaces led to calculated fission-fragment yields that exhibited odd-even effects, which “by eye” indicated reasonable agreement with experimental data. The present work goes a step further with a quantitative comparison between experimental and theoretical results based on the global and local odd-even staggering observables. Theoretical calculations and experimental observations both show that pairing effects and enhancement of two-nucleon relative to one-nucleon transfer in heavy-ion collisions decrease with excitation energy and implementing a damping of these quantities with excitation energy leads to improved agreement with experiment. Characteristic variations of the local staggering with charge split seen in the experimental data are also present in the calculated results.
Geometrically thick equilibrium tori around a dyonic black hole with quasi-topological electromagnetism
Authors: Zhou Xuan , Chen Songbai , Jing Jiliang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe study geometrically thick and non-self gravitating equilibrium tori orbiting a static spherically symmetric dyonic black hole with quasi-topological electromagnetism. Our results show that the electric and magnetic charges together with the coupling parameter in the quasi-topological electromagnetism lead to a much richer class of equilibrium tori. There are a range of parameters which allow for the existence of double tori. The properties of double equilibrium tori become far richer. There exist transitions between single torus and double tori solutions as we change the specific angular momentum of the fluid. These properties of equilibrium tori could help to understand the dyonic black hole and its thick accretion disk.
Fatjet signatures of heavy neutrinos and heavy leptons in a left-right model with universal seesaw at the HL-LHC
Authors: Dey Atri , Rahaman Rafiqul , Rai Santosh Kumar 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe perform a collider search for fatjet signals originating from boosted heavy neutral and charged leptons with masses between a few hundred GeV to a TeV. These heavy leptons originate from the decay of heavy gauge bosons with masses above 4 TeV in a left-right symmetric extension of the Standard Model (SM), which considers a universal seesaw mechanism for the generation of all the SM fermion masses. The fatjet signals arise naturally in this model due to the presence of heavy seesaw partners of the SM fermions which decay to SM gauge bosons carrying large boosts. We employ substructure based variables lepton sub-jet fraction (LSF) and lepton mass drop (LMD) together with kinematic variables of fatjets to look for fatjet signals associated with non-isolated leptons. These variables help in reducing the SM backgrounds while retaining enough statistics for signal events, which leads to a robust discovery potential at the high-luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC).
Charged spinning fermionic configurations and a mass gap
Authors: Dzhunushaliev Vladimir , Folomeev Vladimir 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe consider a self-consistent axially symmetric system supported by a classical nonlinear spinor field minimally coupled to electric and magnetic Maxwell fields. The presence of the nonlinearity of the spinor field ensures the existence of a minimum positive energy of the system (a mass gap), of a minimum charge (a charge gap), and of a minimum magnetic moment. In turn, the presence of the electric charge results in qualitative changes in the behavior of physical characteristics of the systems under consideration as compared with the case of an electrically neutral spinor field. It is shown that, with a suitable choice of free system parameters, there exists a regular finite-energy particlelike solution describing a localized spinning object whose physical parameters correspond to the main characteristics of an electron/positron (including the spin equal to 1/2), but with the characteristic size comparable to the corresponding Compton wavelength. Also, we show that four local Dirac equations are equivalent to two nonlocal equations.
Terrestrial movements, activity patterns and habitat use by Kinosternon scorpioides (Testudines: Kinosternidae) in Palo Verde National Park, Costa Rica
Authors: Mora José M. , Castañeda Franklin E. 
Published: February 2024

The Scorpion Mud turtle, Kinosternon scorpioides, is a widely distributed, semiaquatic species known to engage in regular terrestrial movement and terrestrial estivation. We studied terrestrial behavior in this species in Palo Verde National Park, northwestern Costa Rica. We determined terrestrial activity patterns by searching for active individuals during transects along 3.4 km of trails. We determined the distance that turtles traveled between the wetlands and estivation sites by fitting 10 terrestrially active individuals with a thread-bobbin tracking device attached to the rear of the carapace. We identified sex and marked and measured every turtle found active. We accumulated 92 observations of K. scorpioides active on land and we identified two behaviors: traveling and nesting. These turtles showed a bimodal activity pattern (χ2 = 18.1, p < 0.02, df = 8) with maximum activity during early morning hours (06:00 to 08:00 h) and twilight and early evening hours (16:00 to 20:00 h). We found 41 turtles estivating in deciduous dry forest at an average distance (±SE) of 156.4 ± 13.7 m (range 20.9–304.9 m) from the wetland border (water´s edge). Adults estivated at greater distances from the wetland than did juvenile turtles, and males estivated at greater distances than females. Turtles found estivating were in three different habitats: leaf litter (85%), rock cavities (10%), and tree buttresses (5%). Kinosternon scorpioides was observed to estivate for at least 84 days in PVNP during the dry season. We recorded several behavioral traits that may account for its ability to withstand desiccation during the estivation period. Our work underscores the need to include terrestrial habitats when considering the conservation needs of semiaquatic turtles.
Albumin Levels and Risk of Early Cardiovascular Complications After Ischemic Stroke: A Propensity-Matched Analysis of a Global Federated Health Network
Authors: Bucci Tommaso , Pastori Daniele , Pignatelli Pasquale , Ntaios George , Abdul-Rahim Azmil H. , Violi Francesco , Lip Gregory Y.H. 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
No studies have investigated the association between albumin levels and the risk of early cardiovascular complications in patients with ischemic stroke.

METHODS:

Retrospective analysis with a federated research network (TriNetX) based on electronic medical records (
International Classification of Diseases-Tenth Revision-Clinical Modification
and logical observation identifiers names and codes) mainly reported between 2000 and 2023, from 80 health care organizations in the United States. Based on albumin levels measured at admission to the hospital, patients with ischemic stroke were categorized into 2 groups: (1) reduced (≤3.4 g/dL) and (2) normal (≥3.5 g/dL) albumin levels. The primary outcome was a composite of all-cause death, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, ventricular arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy 30 days from the stroke. Secondary outcomes were the risk for each component of the primary outcome. Cox regression analyses were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs following propensity score matching.

RESULTS:
Overall, 320 111 patients with stroke had normal albumin levels (70.9±14.7 years; 48.9% females) and 183 729 (57.4%) had reduced albumin levels (72.9±14.3 years; 50.3% females). After propensity score matching, the primary outcomes occurred in 36.0% of patients with reduced and 26.1% with normal albumin levels (HR, 1.48 [95% CI, 1.46–1.50]). The higher risk in patients with reduced albumin levels was consistent also for all-cause death (HR, 2.77 [95% CI, 2.70–2.84]), heart failure (HR, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.29–1.34]), atrial fibrillation (HR, 1.11 [95% CI, 1.09–1.13]), ventricular arrhythmias (HR, 1.38 [95% CI, 1.30–1.46]), myocardial infarction (HR, 1.60 [95% CI, 1.54–1.65]), and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (HR, 1.51 [95% CI, 1.26–1.82]). The association between albumin levels and the risk of cardiovascular events was independent of advanced age, sex, multimorbidity, and other causes of hypoalbuminemia. A progressively increased risk of adverse events was found in patients with mild and severe reduced compared to normal albumin levels.

CONCLUSIONS:
Albumin levels are associated with the risk of early cardiovascular events and death in patients with ischemic stroke. The potential pathophysiological or therapeutic roles of albumin in patients with stroke warrant further investigation.
Electronic Cigarette Vape Exposure Exacerbates Post-Ischemic Outcomes in Female but Not in Male Rats
Authors: Pradhyumnan Hari , Patel Shahil H. , Furones-Alonso Ofelia , Zhao Weizhao , Bramlett Helen M. , Raval Ami P. 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
Nicotine-containing electronic cigarette (EC) vaping has become popular worldwide, and our understanding of the effects of vaping on stroke outcomes is elusive. Using a rat model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion, the current exploratory study aims to evaluate the sex-dependent effects of EC exposure on brain energy metabolism and stroke outcomes.

METHODS:
Adult Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes were randomly assigned to air/EC vapor (5% nicotine Juul pods) exposure for 16 nights, followed by randomization into 3 cohorts. The first cohort underwent exposure to air/EC preceding randomization to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (90 minutes) or sham surgery, followed by survival for 21 days. During the survival period, rats underwent sensorimotor and Morris water maze testing. Subsequently, brains were collected for histopathology. A second cohort was exposed to air/EC after which brains were collected for unbiased metabolomics analysis. The third cohort of animals was exposed to air/EC and received transient middle cerebral artery occlusion/sham surgery, and brain tissue was collected 24 hours later for biochemical analysis.

RESULTS:

In females, EC significantly increased (
P
<0.05) infarct volumes by 94% as compared with air-exposed rats, 165±50 mm
3
in EC-exposed rats, and 85±29 mm
3
in air-exposed rats, respectively, while in males such a difference was not apparent. Morris water maze data showed significant deficits in spatial learning and working memory in the EC sham or transient middle cerebral artery occlusion groups compared with the respective air groups in rats of both sexes (
P
<0.05). Thirty-two metabolites of carbohydrate, glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and lipid metabolism were significantly altered (
P
≤0.05) due to EC, 23 of which were specific for females. Steady-state protein levels of hexokinase significantly decreased (
P
<0.05) in EC-exposed females; however, these changes were not seen in males.

CONCLUSIONS:
Even brief EC exposure over 2 weeks impacts brain energy metabolism, exacerbates infarction, and worsens poststroke cognitive deficits in working memory more in female than male rats.
Mechanism Investigation of Tianxiangdan Against Myocardial Ischemia Based on Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and in vitro Experimental
Authors: Jiang Lin , Yue Yuan-Jia , Tang Mei , Wu Yu-Che , Liu Xiao , Li Yu 
Published: February 2024

Objectives Tianxiangdan capsule (TXD) has been clinically used in the treatment of coronary heart disease angina pectoris. This study aimed to evaluate the mechanisms of TXD against myocardial ischemia and provide evidence for its subsequent clinical application. Materials and Methods Active components and mechanisms of action of TXD against myocardial ischemia were predicted and analyzed by network pharmacology and molecular docking. The chemical constituents in TXD were determined by HPLC-MS. The oxidative damage model was established using H2O2, which caused myocardial ischemia damage. The MTT assay and Hoechst 33342 staining were used to evaluate cell viability, while cleaved caspase-3 immunofluorescence staining was used to determine cell apoptosis. The fluorescent probe method detected ROS and intracellular Ca2+, while spectrophotometry was used to measure SOD, MDA, and NO levels in myocardial cells. Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of ERɑ, PI3K, p-PI3K, AKT, p-AKT, and eNOS in cells. Results It was found that TXD plays a protective role in myocardial ischemia through the estrogen pathway. The TXD drug-containing plasma exhibited increased cell survival rates and suppressed MDA levels, elevated SOD and NO levels, and significantly suppressed ROS levels as well as intracellular Ca2+ levels. Moreover, the TXD drug-containing plasma pretreated cells had significantly suppressed PI3K, p-PI3K, AKT, and p-AKT expression levels, as well as elevated ERɑ and eNOS expression levels. Conclusion TXD activates estrogen receptor ERɑ, enhances NO release of cardiomyocytes through the estrogen signaling pathway, improves intracellular Ca2+ overload, oxidative stress injury, and apoptosis, and plays a protective role in myocardial ischemia injury.
The Relation of Ductus Venosus Pulsatility Index and Nuchal Translucency Thickness in a First-Trimester Sonographic Examination: A Matched Case-Control Study
Authors: Hajiahmadi Somayeh , Zarean Elahe , Gazvini Saeideh , Talebi Vahid 
Published: February 2024

Objective: Accumulating evidence suggests that abnormal ductus venosus (DV) flow is associated with fetal anomalies. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between quantitative DV Doppler parameters and nuchal translucency (NT). Materials and Methods: A total of 76 singleton pregnancies with an NT ≥3 mm were enrolled in the experimental group, and 156 singleton pregnancies with an NT <3 mm were recruited in the control group. Ductus venosus Doppler parameters were collected for both groups. The relationship of the DV Doppler parameters between the two groups and the correlation within the experimental group were analyzed. A receiver-operating characteristic curve was used to determine the best diagnostic cut-off point of DV pulsatility index (DVPI) to indicate a measured NT ≥3 mm. Results: There was a significantly higher values for DVPI, DV resistance index (DVRI), and systolic velocity/maximum velocity during atrial wave ratio in fetuses with an NT ≥3 mm compared with those in the control group ( P < .00). Fetuses with increased NT, DVPI, and DVRI showed significant positive correlations with NT ( P < .00; r = 0.44 and P < .00; r = 0.37, respectively). The best diagnostic cut-off point of DVPI for indicating a measured NT ≥3 mm was 1.15, indicating acceptable performance for the area under the curve of 0.83 (95% confidence interval: 0.770–0.892). Conclusion: In this study, in fetuses with an NT ≥3, the DVPI was higher than that in those with an NT <3. In addition, a positive correlation between DVPI and an NT ≥3 was observed.