bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of intraseasonal oscillations on rainfall variability over Central Africa: case of the 25–70 days variability
Authors: Wamba Tchinda Claudin , Tchakoutio Sandjon Alain , Djiotang Tchotchou Angennes Lucie , Nzeudeu Siwe Audryck , Vondou Derbetini A. , Nzeukou Armand 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe influence of intra-seasonal oscillations (ISO) on rainfall in Central Africa (CA) during the March–May (MAM) season is assessed using the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Prediction Center daily gridded rainfall data. ISO indices are defined using the time series analysis of the first two principal components resulting from the empirical orthogonal function, applied to daily filtered outgoing longwave radiation. Based on these indices, a total of 71 strong Intraseasonal Events (SIEs) and 66 weak Intraseasonal Events (WIEs) were selected using threshold method. The results show that SIEs are associated with enhanced rainfall conditions over almost all the study area, while WIEs provide a meridional dipole-like rainfall pattern, consisting of increasing precipitation in the western part and decreasing in the eastern part of CA. The relationship with Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) was also examined. The positive rainfall anomalies associated with MJO phases progress eastward and are modulated by the 850 and 200 hPa horizontal wind. The circulation, linked to geopotential height anomalies at lower layers, tends to strengthen (reduce) the convective activity over the region during extreme ISO events and for the MAM season throughout the study period. Uncentered pattern correlation was further used to assess the link between ISO and MJO phases during the MAM season and we found a correlation of 0.5 in precipitation anomalies between phases 1 and 2 of the MJO and the SIEs; − 0.4 and − 0.6 between phases 5 and 6 and the SIEs respectively, suggesting a strong relationship between ISO events and MJO.
Effects of radiotherapy on the survival of patients with stage IA and low-grade stage IB uterine endometrioid carcinoma
Authors: Li Shuqing , Yi Zhihui , Li Mingqing , Zhu Zhiling 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe present study aimed to evaluate the effects of radiotherapy on the overall survival of patients with primary stage IA, grade I–III uterine endometrioid carcinoma or stage IB, grade I–II uterine endometrioid carcinoma. A total of 7504 patients with stage IA, grade I–III uterine endometrioid carcinoma, and 857 patients with stage IB, grade I–II uterine endometrioid carcinoma were collected for the present study. Following propensity score matching (PSM), statistical analysis was performed for the equalized number of patients with stage IA, grade I–III uterine endometrioid carcinoma (n = 383) and patients with stage IB, grade I–II uterine endometrioid carcinoma (n = 330). For patients with primary stage IA, grade I–III uterine endometrioid carcinoma, radiotherapy was found to promoted a reduced 5-year overall survival rates [hazard ratio (HR), 1.726; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.456–2.046; P < 0.05]. In patients with primary stage IB, grade I–II uterine endometrioid carcinoma, no significant differences were observed in the 5-year overall survival rates between radiotherapy and no radiotherapy groups (P = 0.059). In conclusion, radiotherapy may not improve 5-year overall survival for patients with primary stage IA, grade I–III or stage IB, grade I–II uterine endometrioid carcinoma.
Exploring the experiences of college students in Chinese campus lockdown policy during the COVID-19 outbreak: A qualitative study
Authors: Li Zhiwei , Lai Jinhui , Qi Caiyun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCampus lockdown policy is one of the most effective non-pharmaceutical intervention strategies used to prevent and control the coronavirus disease 2019epidemic worldwide. College students were greatly affected by this policy. Related studies center on English-speaking countries; few have highlighted discussion of the Chinese context. This study, therefore, aimed to broadly elicit the real experiences and unique insights of college students on Chinese campus lockdown policy. Through qualitative research, we identified four key themes with ten contributory subthemes: physiological experiences, safety experiences, love and belonging experiences, and self-esteem experiences. The unique contribution of this study relates to experiences relating to love and belonging and to self-esteem, which are little discussed in the existing literature. Our findings can provide enlightenment on how to improve college students’ health.
A Danish questionnaire study of acute symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection by variant, vaccination status, sex and age
Authors: Sørensen Anna Irene Vedel , Spiliopoulos Lampros , Bager Peter , Nielsen Nete Munk , Hansen Jørgen Vinsløv , Koch Anders , Meder Inger Kristine , Hviid Anders , Ethelberg Steen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIt is not well-described how the acute symptoms of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) differ by variant, vaccination, sex and age. A cross-sectional questionnaire study linked to national testing- and registry data was conducted among 148,874 SARS-CoV-2 first time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test-positive individuals and corresponding date-matched symptomatic test-negative controls. Major SARS-CoV-2 variants (Index/wild type, Alpha, Delta and Omicron) were defined using periods of predominance. Risk differences (RDs) were estimated for each of 21 predefined acute symptoms comparing: (1) test-positive and -negative individuals, by variant period, (2) vaccinated and unvaccinated test-positives, by variant period, (3) individuals tested positive during the Omicron and Delta periods, by vaccination status, and (4) vaccinated Omicron test-positive and -negative individuals, by age and sex. Compared to pre-Omicron, RDs between test-positive and test-negative individuals during the Omicron period were lower for most symptoms. RDs for altered sense of smell (dysosmia) and taste (dysgeusia) were highest for Delta (RD = 50.8 (49.4–52.0) and RD = 54.7 (53.4–56.0), respectively) and lowest for Omicron (RD = 12.8 (12.1–13.5) and RD = 11.8 (11.1–12.4), respectively). Across variants, vaccinated individuals reported fewer symptoms. During Omicron, females and 30–59 year-old participants reported more symptoms.
Impact of N221S missense mutation in human ribonucleotide reductase small subunit b on mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome
Authors: Su Leila , Wang Xin , Wang Jianghai , Luh Frank , Yen Yun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe impact of N221S mutation in hRRM2B gene, which encodes the small subunit of human ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), on RNR activity and the pathogenesis of mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome (MDDS) was investigated. Our results demonstrate that N221 mutations significantly reduce RNR activity, suggesting its role in the development of MDDS. We proposed an allosteric regulation pathway involving a chain of three phenylalanine residues on the αE helix of RNR small subunit β. This pathway connects the C-terminal loop of β2, transfers the activation signal from the large catalytic subunit α to β active site, and controls access of oxygen for radical generation. N221 is near this pathway and likely plays a role in regulating RNR activity. Mutagenesis studies on residues involved in the phenylalanine chain and the regulation pathway were conducted to confirm our proposed mechanism. We also performed molecular dynamic simulation and protein contact network analysis to support our findings. This study sheds new light on RNR small subunit regulation and provides insight on the pathogenesis of MDDS.
Clinical and epidemiological features of Lyme neuroborreliosis in adults and factors associated with polyradiculitis, facial palsy and encephalitis or myelitis
Authors: Radzišauskienė Daiva , Urbonienė Jurgita , Jasionis Arminas , Klimašauskienė Aušra , Malickaitė Radvilė , Petrulionienė Agnė , Vitkauskaitė Monika , Kaubrys Gintaras 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe clinical course of Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) is highly variable. Delayed diagnosis and treatment still remain actual challenges. Moreover, there is a lack of studies analyzing the factors associated with different LNB syndromes. We aimed to analyze clinical and epidemiological features of LNB in hospitalized adults in eastern Lithuania. A retrospective study was performed for patients presenting in the years 2010–2021. A total of 103 patients were included in the study, 100 with early, and three with late LNB. Patients with early LNB most often presented polyradiculitis [75/100, (75%)], which was also the most common initial neurological syndrome. Peripheral facial palsy was diagnosed in 53/100 (53%) patients, in 16/53 (30.2%) cases both facial nerves were affected. Encephalitis or myelitis was diagnosed in 14% of patients with LNB. A total of 76/103 (73.8%) patients were discharged with residual symptoms or signs. One patient presenting encephalomyelitis died because of bacterial complications. The absence of observed erythema migrans (EM) was the predictor of peripheral facial palsy, while female sex and EM untreated with antibiotics were predictors of isolated polyradiculitis. A fever of ≥ 38 ° °C and pleocytosis of ≥ 300 × 106/l were associated with the development of encephalitis or myelitis in patients with early LNB.
Shedding light on low-surface-brightness galaxies in dark energy surveys with transformer models
Authors: Thuruthipilly H. , Junais  , Pollo A. , Sureshkumar U. , Grespan M. , Sawant P. , Małek K. , Zadrozny A. 
Published: November 2023

Context.Low-surface-brightness galaxies (LSBGs), which are defined as galaxies that are fainter than the night sky, play a crucial role in our understanding of galaxy evolution and in cosmological models. Upcoming large-scale surveys, such asRubinObservatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time andEuclid, are expected to observe billions of astronomical objects. In this context, using semiautomatic methods to identify LSBGs would be a highly challenging and time-consuming process, and automated or machine learning-based methods are needed to overcome this challenge.Aims.We study the use of transformer models in separating LSBGs from artefacts in the data from the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Data Release 1. Using the transformer models, we then search for new LSBGs from the DES that the previous searches may have missed. Properties of the newly found LSBGs are investigated, along with an analysis of the properties of the total LSBG sample in DES.Methods.We created eight different transformer models and used an ensemble of these eight models to identify LSBGs. This was followed by a single-component Sérsic model fit and a final visual inspection to filter out false positives.Results.Transformer models achieved an accuracy of ~94% in separating the LSBGs from artefacts. In addition, we identified 4083 new LSBGs in DES, adding an additional ~17% to the LSBGs already known in DES. This also increased the number density of LSBGs in DES to 5.5 deg−2. The new LSBG sample consists of mainly blue and compact galaxies. We performed a clustering analysis of the LSBGs in DES using an angular two-point auto-correlation function and found that LSBGs cluster more strongly than their high-surface-brightness counterparts. This effect is driven by the red LSBG. We associated 1310 LSBGs with galaxy clusters and identified 317 ultradiffuse galaxies among them. We found that these cluster LSBGs are getting bluer and larger in size towards the edge of the clusters when compared with those in the centre.Conclusions.Transformer models have the potential to be equivalent to convolutional neural networks as state-of-the-art algorithms in analysing astronomical data. The significant number of LSBGs identified from the same dataset using a different algorithm highlights the substantial impact of our methodology on our capacity to discover LSBGs. The reported number density of LSBGs is only a lower estimate and can be expected to increase with the advent of surveys with better image quality and more advanced methodologies.
CircRNA Larp4b/miR-298-5p/Mef2c Regulates Cardiac
Hypertrophy Induced by Angiotensin II
Authors: Xie Qihai , Xu Xiangdong , Xiong Danqun , Yao Man , Zhou Yafeng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCardiac hypertrophy (CH) is an early marker in the clinical course of heart
failure. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play important roles in human disease.
However, the role of circ_Larp4b in myocardial hypertrophy has not been studied.
Angiotensin II (Ang II) treated HL-1 cells to induce a CH cell model.
Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the
expression of circ_Larp4b, microRNA-298-5p, and myocyte enhancer factor 2
(Mef2c). Western blot detected the protein level of alpha-actinin-2 (ACTN2),
beta-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and
Mef2c. The relationship between miR-298-5p and circ_Larp4b or Mef2c was verified
by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down assay. Circ_Larp4b and Mef2c
were upregulated in HL-1 cells treated with Ang II. Moreover, circ_Larp4b
down-regulation regulated the progress of CH induced by Ang II. MiR-298-5p was a
target of circ_Larp4b, and Mef2c was a target of miR-298-5p. Overexpressed Mef2c
reversed the cell size inhibited by miR-298-5p in Ang II-induced HL-1 cells.
Circ_Larp4b regulated CH progress by regulating miR-298-5p/Mef2c
axis.
Impact of
Phytopythium vexans
on Plant Health: Hosts, Symptoms, Detection, and Management
Authors: Baysal-Gurel Fulya , Ghimire Bhawana 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Phytopythium vexans
is an emerging phytopathogenic oomycete reported to be causing diseases in plants from multiple genera and families. It is a soil and water-inhabiting oomycete with sexual and asexual life cycles present in the environment. Sexual stages produce oospores whereas asexual stages produce zoospores. This pathogen has been reported to be infecting crops in Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, Oceania, and South America. Mainly root and crown regions of numerous perennial woody plants, herbaceous and weedy annual cereal crops, forest plants, ornamental plants, and fruit trees are reported to be infected. Certain names for the symptoms of pathogen infections associated with the host have been used such as replant disease, decline, and sadness syndrome. Young plants that are vegetatively propagated if infected die off in severe cases whereas in the case of older plants, the roots and crown regions are mainly affected by this pathogen. Infections typically display symptoms of brown necrosis in the roots and stem, with a soft, watery rotting mass inside in case of heavily infected samples. Upon gentle pulling, the outer bark sloughs off, revealing the extent of the damage. It also causes damping-off of seedlings. The pathogen moves within water and hence has the potential to induce chains of disease outbreaks in nurseries and greenhouses. A saturated soil for longer periods of time favors tissue colonization and disease progress since the water-loving infectious zoospores of this pathogen can swim to distances that directly favor the pathogen. Higher nitrogen content in the soil, reduced availability of oxygen in the soil, and decreased ability of the plant to grow at lower temperatures created by water stagnation are additional epidemiological factors that favor the disease development. An integrated approach, which includes early detection of the pathogen using culture-based assay/molecular approaches, use of preventive and curative fungicides/biofungicides, and cultural practices, is recommended for the management of
Phytopythium
. Use of cover crops, soil solarization, crop rotation with non-hosts, and biofumigation to suppress or kill the pathogen are recommended. Testing of irrigation water for the presence of pathogens and treatment using a combination of different measures such as filtration plus UV, ozone, and heat is also recommended.

Information
© The Authors 2023
Breaking Barriers, Building Futures: The Transformative Power of Tourism in Empowering Women in Munsiyari, India
Authors: Tiwari Ranjana 
Published: November 2023

Summary

In the picturesque village of Munsiyari, India, nestled in the Himalayan foothills, a group of local women found a way to turn tourism into a powerful tool for social change. Domestic violence was a pervasive issue in the community, with many women suffering in silence due to social stigma and lack of support for years until Malika Virdi, an avid mountaineer and social activist, came to their aid. The local women, with the guidance of Malika, took a bold step towards empowering themselves and ending domestic violence through the establishment of
Maati Sangathan
. Although the
Sangathan
was founded with the primary aim of promoting gender equality and eradicating the pervasive issue of domestic violence that had plagued the community for years, the women have successfully leveraged eco-tourism and handicrafts as ways to enhance their economic independence while also raising awareness about gender-based violence. This case study utilizes secondary published data to demonstrate the effectiveness of Sarmoli’s Himalayan Ark, a community homestay program started under the aegis of
Maati Sangathan
that incentivizes the conservation of the Himalayan Ecosystem. The program has notably contributed to the restoration of high-altitude lakes, forests, and local communities, ultimately leading to its recognition as a thriving ecotourism model in Uttarakhand.

Information
© The Author 2023
Search for the anomalous quartic gauge couplings through Z
γ production at e
−
e
+ colliders
Authors: Köksal M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Spontaneous breaking of the

SU

2

L

×
U

1

Y

electroweak symmetry of the standard model (SM) sets the constraints on triple and quartic gauge couplings. Therefore, the measurement of multiboson production in e
−
e
+ collisions allows us to directly test the predictions of the SM and to indirectly probe new physics beyond the SM. In this paper, we focus on the process e
−
e
+ → e
−
Z
γ
e
+ with Z boson decaying into neutrinos to study the anomalous quartic gauge couplings using the effective Lagrangian approach at the compact linear collider (CLIC). We obtain the sensitivities on the anomalous f

T,i
/Λ4 (i = 0, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) couplings taking into account the systematic uncertainties of 3, 5% at 95% Confidence Level for the CLIC with

s

=
3

TeV. Our results show that the sensitivities on some anomalous couplings without systematic errors are up to two orders of magnitude better than the current experimental limits. Considering a realistic systematic uncertainty such as 5% from possible experimental sources, the sensitivity of all anomalous quartic couplings becomes worse by about 10% compared to those without systematic uncertainty for the CLIC.
Photovoltaic amorphous feroxyhyte nanostructures synthesized by atmospheric AC microplasma
Authors: Shamaki Aysha , Benjamin Ogueri Chiedozie , Alomary Seham , Zondode Mobolaji , Ndaw Marieme , Hou Jie , Pramanik Souvik , Pokharel Sabin , Tadesse Solomon , Liou Sz-Chian , Du Xiaobo , Tucker Mikel , Sze Kit , Li Jiang , Lisfi Abdellah , Wuttig Manfred , Severn Greg , Pan Yong-Le , Lan Yucheng 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Feroxyhite (δ-FeOOH) nanomaterials were successfully synthesized through the atmospheric AC microplasma method at room temperature from ferrous sulfate aqueous solutions. Various syntheses conditions, including electric voltage, electric field strength, ferrous concentration, hydrogen peroxide concentration, and reaction duration, were systematically investigated. The synthesized products were characterized through x-ray diffraction, UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, infra-red spectroscopy, and electron microscopy. The bandgap of the produced materials were strongly dependent of the ferrous concentration while the product ratio was dependent on all experimental conditions. The synthesis mechanism was thoroughly discussed. The synthesized nanomaterials were amorphous nanospheres, showing superparamagnetic properties at room temperature. The synthesized oxyhydroxide is a potential photovoltaic material besides its reported applications in photocatalysts and supercapacitors. The application of this synthesis technique could be extended to synthesize other oxy-hydroxide nanomaterials for renewable energy applications facilely, scalablely, cost-effectively, and environmentally.
Dynamically tunable terahertz quadruple-function absorber based on a hybrid configuration of graphene and vanadium dioxide
Authors: Qi Yunping , Wen Yujiao , Chen Haowen , Wang Xiangxian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A quadruple-function dynamically tunable terahertz absorber that uses a hybrid configuration of graphene and vanadium dioxide is proposed in this paper. The absorber achieves dynamic conversion of four functions in one structure: ultra-broadband, broadband, single-frequency narrowband and dual-frequency narrowband, by utilizing the electrical control properties of graphene and the phase-shifting properties of vanadium dioxide. Furthermore, the paper also reveals the physical mechanism of the proposed absorber through the electric field distribution and impedance matching theory. In addition, the influences of the Fermi energy level of graphene and the electrical conductivity of vanadium dioxide on the absorption spectra are investigated, demonstrating the structure’s dynamic tunability. Due to the above features, the designed absorber is expected to have potential applications in terahertz imaging, modulation and filtering.
Demonstration of reversed non-Hermitian skin effect via quantum walks on a ladder
Authors: Wang Xiaowei , Xiao Lei , Lin Quan , Wang Kunkun , Lin Haiqing , Xue Peng 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Quantum walks hold enormous potential applications in various areas such as quantum computing and quantum simulation. Discrete-time quantum walks on a ladder offer greater prospects compared to traditional quantum walks, especially in addressing physical problems in higher-dimension coupled systems. Here we give an experimental proposal of quantum walks on a two-leg ladder using linear optics, and further apply it to non-Hermitian systems by introducing loss-based non-unitary evolutions. Non-Hermitian systems under nonreciprocity-induced evolution present an exotic phenomenon, known as the non-Hermitian skin effect (NHSE). In a two-leg non-Hermitian system with the same preferred direction of NHSE, the direction has recently been found to reverse when interchain couplings are introduced. Based on quantum walks on a ladder, we also propose an experimentally feasible scheme to demonstrate the direction reversal of NHSE. Through the simulated results we show that particles on each chain accumulate to the preferred boundary driven by nonreciprocal hopping, while particles are transported in the opposite direction when interchain hopping is allowed, clearly demonstrating the existence of reversed NHSE. Our work further expands the application of the quantum walk platform and opens a door for the experimental investigation of reversed NHSE.