bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Respective roles of social deprivation, health literacy, and clinical factors for COVID-19: a case-control study in hospitalized patients
Authors: Dahmane Lotfi , Julia Chantal , Vignier Nicolas , Sesé Lucile , Brichler Ségolène , Benaïnous Ruben , Bihan Hélène , Lopez-Sublet Marilucy , Trawale Damien , Bouchaud Olivier , Goupil de Bouillé Jeanne ,   on behalf of the SOCIALCOV group
Published: November 2023

IntroductionTo investigate the association between social deprivation and COVID-19 among hospitalized patients in an underprivileged department of the greater Paris area.MethodsIndividuals hospitalized for COVID-19 between March 1st and October 31, 2020, were included, matched on age and sex, and compared with patients hospitalized for any other reason with negative RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2, through a case-control study. Clinical, socio-demographic characteristics, health literacy, and social deprivation, assessed by the EPICES score, were collected. Factors associated with COVID-19 in hospitalized patients were assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models.Results69 cases and 180 controls were included. Participants were mostly men (N = 148: 59.4%) aged 65 or older (N = 109: 44.1%). Median EPICES score was 43.2 (IQR 29.4–62.9). EPICES score &gt; 30.17 (precariousness threshold) was not significantly associated with COVID-19 in hospitalized patients (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.46; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) [0.21–1.01]). Advanced age, higher BMI, professional activity, home area of less than 25 m2 per person, and low health literacy, were significantly associated with COVID-19 in hospitalized patients.DiscussionThis study highlights probable risk factors for specific exposition in disadvantaged area: maintenance of professional activity, smaller home area, and low health literacy.
What landscape elements are needed for hospital healing spaces? Evidence from an empirical study of 10 compact hospitals
Authors: Guo Haoxu , Zhou Weiqiang , Lai Wenbo , Yao Lihao 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundModern medical research shows that a rationally planned landscape environment helps patients recover. With the growing number of hospital patients and the tightening of per capita medical landscape land, the use of limited landscape resources to serve patients has become challenging.MethodsThis study focused on the landscape environment of 10 hospitals in Guangdong Province, China. Based on the KANO theoretical model, a survey questionnaire was designed and administered to 410 participants. The data were analyzed based on demand attributes, importance, sensitivity, and group differences.ResultsThe maintenance requirements were the most important item in the sensitivity ranking. Furthermore, the analysis revealed that the users need a safe, quiet, and private environment, owing to their higher requirements, including visual healing, rehabilitation activities, shading and heat preservation, and medical escort. Moreover, adolescents and older adult patients have common and contradictory environmental needs. For example, the landscape environment should provide both an active space and a quiet rehabilitation environment.ConclusionThis study evaluates how landscape resources can be better utilized from the perspective of the user and expands the theory of healing landscapes, which has practical implications for hospital renovation and landscape environment strategies.
Antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae: a retrospective analysis of emerging trends in the United Arab Emirates from 2010 to 2021
Authors: Senok Abiola , Thomsen Jens , Abdulrazzaq Najiba M. ,   The UAE AMR Surveillance Consortium, Menezes Godfred Antony , Ayoub Moubareck Carole , Everett Dean 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionAlthough pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) have been effective in reducing the burden of Streptococcus pneumoniae infections, there is a paucity of data on the relationship with antimicrobial resistance (AMR) trends in the Arabian Gulf region. This study was carried out to assess S. pneumoniae resistance trends in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) where PCV-13 vaccination was introduced in 2011.MethodsRetrospective analysis of S. pneumoniae demographic and microbiological data collected as part of the national AMR surveillance program from 2010 to 2021 was carried out. A survey of reporting sites and hand searching of annual reports of local health authorities was carried out to identify data on S. pneumoniae serotypes as this is not included in the AMR surveillance database.ResultsFrom 2010 to 2021, 11,242 non-duplicate S. pneumoniae isolates were reported, increasing from 324 in 2010 to 1,115 in 2021. Factoring in annual increment in the number of surveillance sites, the number of isolates per site showed an upward trajectory from 2015 to 2018 and declined in 2020 with the onset of the pandemic. The majority of isolates (n/N = 5,751/11,242; 51.2%) were from respiratory tract specimens with 44.5% (n/N = 2,557/5,751) being nasal colonizers. Up to 11.9% (n/N = 1,337/11,242) were invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) isolates obtained from sterile site specimens including blood (n = 1,262), cerebrospinal (n = 52), pleural (n = 19) and joint (n = 4) fluid; and were predominantly from pediatric patients. The downward trend for amoxicillin and for penicillin G at the non-meningitis and meningitis as well as oral penicillin breakpoints was statistically significant. In contrast, increasing trends of resistance were seen for levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and erythromycin. IPD and non-IPD isolates showed similar demographic and AMR trends. None of the surveillance sites carried out S. pneumoniae serotyping and handsearching of annual reports did not yield this information.ConclusionThe increasing trend of pneumococcal disease and AMR with emergence of isolates with MDR phenotype despite is of concern. In the absence of S. pneumoniae serotyping the role of non-vaccine serotypes in driving this pattern remains unknown. There is an urgent need for serotype, genomic and AMR surveillance of S. pneumoniae isolates in the UAE.
Prevalence of intestinal colonization and nosocomial infection with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriales in children: a retrospective study
Authors: Pan Fen , Chen Pengcheng , Duan Yuxin , Yu Fangyuan , Weng Wenhao , Zhang Hong 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveWe investigated the epidemiological surveillance of the intestinal colonization and nosocomial infection of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriales (CRE) isolates from inpatients, which can provide the basis for developing effective prevention.MethodsA total of 96 CRE strains were collected from 1,487 fecal samples of hospitalized children between January 2016 and June 2017, which were defined as the “CRE colonization” group. In total, 70 CRE clinical isolates were also randomly selected for the comparison analysis and defined as the “CRE infection” group. The antimicrobial susceptibility of all strains was determined by the microdilution broth method. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to analyze carbapenemase genes, plasmid typing, and integrons. Multilocus sequence typing was further used to determine clonal relatedness.ResultsIn the “CRE colonization” group, Klebsiella pneumoniae was mostly detected with a rate of 42.7% (41/96), followed by Escherichia coli (34.4%, 33/96) and Enterobacter cloacae (15.6%, 15/96). The ST11 KPC-2 producer, ST8 NDM-5 producer, and ST45 NDM-1 producer were commonly present in carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKPN), carbapenem-resistant E. coli (CRECO), and carbapenem-resistant E. cloacae (CRECL) isolates, respectively. In the “CRE infection” group, 70% (49/70) of strains were K. pneumoniae, with 21.4% E. cloacae (15/70) and 5.7% E. coli (4/70). The ST15 OXA-232 producer and ST48 NDM-5 producer were frequently observed in CRKPN isolates, while the majority of NDM-1-producing CRECL isolates were assigned as ST45. Phylogenetic analysis showed that partial CRE isolates from intestinal colonization and nosocomial infection were closely related, especially for ST11 KPC-2-producing CRKPN and ST45 NDM-1-producing CRECL. Furthermore, plasmid typing demonstrated that IncF and IncFIB were the most prevalent plasmids in KPC-2 producers, while IncX3/IncX2 and ColE were widely spread in NDM producer and OXA-232 producer, respectively. Then, class 1 integron intergrase intI1 was positive in 74.0% (71/96) of the “CRE colonization” group and 52.9% (37/70) of the “CRE infection” group.ConclusionThis study revealed that CRE strains from intestinal colonization and nosocomial infection showed a partial correlation in the prevalence of CRE, especially for ST11 KPC-2-producing CRKPN and ST45 NDM-1-producing CRECL. Therefore, before admission, long-term active screening of rectal colonization of CRE isolates should be emphasized.
Development of mobile health-based interventions to promote physical activity in patients with head and neck cancer: a qualitative study
Authors: Ning Yan , Dong Zhen , Jia Zehuan , Zhao Wenting , Ding Yongxia , Wang Qian , Zhu Ruifang , Han Shifan 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundDespite the well-grounded benefits of physical activity (PA), poor compliance with the PA guidelines has been reported among head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. Mobile health (mHealth)-based interventions can help cancer survivors increase their PA levels and increase the reach or efficiency of rehabilitation services. However, there is limited knowledge about the needs and perceptions of HNC patients regarding these interventions. This study explored the perceptions and needs of HNC patients regarding mHealth-based PA programs before developing such interventions to ensure their improved effectiveness.Study designA constructivist qualitative study.MethodsWe purposively selected 17 adult HNC patients aged 40–80 years to determine their needs and perceptions of future mHealth-based PA programs. Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted, and the data were analyzed via thematic analysis. The report followed the Consolidated Criteria for Qualitative Research Reports guidelines.ResultsFour themes were analyzed from the interview transcripts regarding the needs and perceptions of mHealth-based PA programs: (1) functionality needs; (2) system usage requirements; (3) social support; and (4) perceived barriers and facilitators. HNC patients expect highly customized and specialized mHealth interventions that consider individual factors, address their concerns about security, network, and cost, and prefer improved comfort. Moreover, they expect to receive support from their healthcare providers, families, and peers.ConclusionThe study provides pragmatic ready-to-use recommendations to design interventions for inactive HNC patients to achieve the recommended PA levels. Future mHealth interventions should be tailored according to the needs of the HNC patients by utilizing perceived facilitators and removing perceived barriers to help them engage in PA actively.
The positive effects of positive coping on mental health in college students during the COVID-19 campus lockdown
Authors: Li Meiqi , Chen Lijun 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesIsolation has been an effective method to control the spread of COVID-19 over the past 3 years. However, lifestyle changes may have a negative impact on mental health. To examine the effects of positive coping on mental health in college students during the COVID-19 campus lockdown, this study conducted an online cross-sectional survey.MethodsIn October 2022, following a prolonged campus lockdown of nearly 3 years, 313 university students from a university in Shandong Province, China, were invited to complete an online questionnaire. The questionnaire comprised a self-administered general situation questionnaire, the Simple Coping Style Scale, and the Hospital Depression and Anxiety Scale.Results(1) The analysis of variance revealed a significant main effect of coping Style on depression [F(4,300) = 2.446, p = 0.047] during the COVID-19 campus lockdown. A post-hoc test indicated that college students who engaged in study (p = 0.012) or sports (p = 0.027) during their free time had significantly lower depression scores than those who used the Internet. (2) Independent sample t-tests showed significant differences in positive and negative coping styles among college students in terms of depression (t = 6.891, p &lt; 0.001) and anxiety scores (t = 7.745, p &lt; 0.001). (3) Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated a negative correlation between positive coping style and anxiety (r = −0.378, p &lt; 0.001), and between positive coping style and depression (r = 0.427, p &lt; 0.001). Positive correlations were also found between the negative coping style and anxiety (r = 0.155, p = 0.007), and between the negative coping style and depression (r = 0.190, p &lt; 0.001).DiscussionThe study suggested that fostering positive coping in students can mitigate mental health issues during crises, providing a blueprint for university mental health initiatives during epidemics.
Screening of hepatitis B and C viral infection, recognition of risk factors, and immunization of patients against hepatitis B virus: a module developed for effective hepatitis control
Authors: Ejaz Samina , Abdullah Iqra , Malik Waqas Nazir , Anjum Shazia , Ashraf Muhammad , Akhtar Naveed , Khan Aurangzeb , Hameed Yasir , Usman Muhammad , Cheema Usman , Sidiq Safeena 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionThe continually increasing incidence of hepatitis, a worldwide health issue, in Pakistan, has highlighted the need to investigate the epidemiology factors and implement preventive measures accordingly. The purpose of this study was to scrutinize the prevalent and significantly associated risk factors of hepatitis in students and employees, screening them for hepatitis B and C virus and vaccinating them against HBV to make IUB hepatitis free.MethodologyA total of 12,912 participants including students (n = 10,948) and employees (n = 1964) were screened for HBV and HCV via immunochromatographic test. Hepatitis- positive participants’ blood samples were further tested and viral load was estimated by quantitative PCR. All the hepatitis-negative participants were vaccinated against HBV. The demographic and risk factors-related data were collected using the questionnaire. Statistical analysis (Chi-square test and bivariate regression analysis) was performed using SPSS software to explore any association between risk factors and hepatitis.ResultsResults indicated that 662/12912 participants (students = 478/10,948, employees = 184/1,964) tested positive for hepatitis. Among them, HCV was observed to be more prevalent than HBV among the study participants, employees, and students, and viral count was low in both HBV and HCV-infected participants. However, men were more affected than women. The studied risk factors represented higher frequency among hepatitis-positive participants relative to the hepatitis-negative participants. The Chi-square test revealed that students’ gender, history of hepatitis in the family and relatives, dental treatment, sharing cosmetics and shaving blades were significant (p &gt; 0.005) risk factors of hepatitis while in the employees group surgery and age were significant. Moreover, the reused of syringes was found to be associated with hepatitis in both groups. The bivariate analysis helped to identify various new risk factors which were independently, either positively or negatively, associated with hepatitis.DiscussionOur study enabled us to recognize different risk factors of hepatitis among the target population. The information thus generated can be usefully applied in planning hepatitis awareness, targeted screening, and effective control programs for other target populations. In general, this module can be further utilized for any other disease.
High-throughput screening of natural compounds for prophage induction in controlling pathogenic bacteria in food
Authors: Tompkins Elizabeth , Cadieux Brigitte , Amitrano Margot , Goodridge Lawrence 
Published: November 2023

Introduction: The clean label trend emphasizes the need for natural approaches to combat pathogenic bacteria in food. This study explores the potential of inducing prophages within bacterial genomes as a novel strategy to control pathogenic and spoilage bacterial growth.Methods: A luminescence-based high-throughput assay was developed to identify natural compounds capable of inducing prophages. Bioactive compounds from four chemical libraries were screened at a final concentration of 10 µM. The assay measured luminescence production in Escherichia coli BR513, a genetically modified strain producing β-galactosidase upon prophage λ induction. Luminescence values were normalized to cell concentration (OD600) and the interquartile mean of each 384-well plate. A cut-off for normalized luminescence values, set at 2.25 standard deviations above the mean, defined positive prophage induction.Results: Four naturally-derived compounds (osthol, roccellic acid, galanginee, and sclareol) exhibited positive prophage induction, along with previously identified inducers, rosemary, and gallic acid. Dose-response experiments were conducted to determine optimal concentrations for prophage induction. However, the results could not distinguish between prophage-induced cell death and other mechanisms, making it challenging to identify ideal concentrations.Discussion: The high-throughput luminescent prophage induction assay serves as a valuable tool for the initial screening of natural bioactive compounds that have the potential to enhance food safety and quality by inducing prophages. Further research is required to understand the mechanism of bacterial cell death and to establish optimal concentrations for prophage induction in a food preservation context.
Bounds for Haralick features in synthetic images with sinusoidal gradients
Authors: Oprisan Ana , Oprisan Sorinel Adrian 
Published: November 2023

Introduction: The gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) reduces the dimension of an image to a square matrix determined by the number of gray-level intensities present in that image. Since GLCM only measures the co-occurrence frequency of pairs of gray levels at a given distance from each other, it also stores information regarding the gradients of gray-level intensities in the original image.Methods: The GLCM is a second-order statical method of encoding image information and dimensionality reduction. Image features are scalars that reduce GLCM dimensionality and allow fast texture classification. We used Haralick features to extract information regarding image gradients based on the GLCM.Results: We demonstrate that a gradient of k gray levels per pixel in an image generates GLCM entries on the kth parallel line to the main diagonal. We find that, for synthetic sinusoidal periodic gradients with different wavelengths, the number of gray levels due to intensity quantization follows a power law that also transpires in some Haralick features. We estimate bounds for four of the most often used Haralick features: energy, contrast, correlation, and entropy. We find good agreement between our analytically predicted values of Haralick features and the numerical results from synthetic images of sinusoidal periodic gradients.Discussion: This study opens the possibility of deriving bounds for Haralick features for targeted textures and provides a better selection mechanism for optimal features in texture analysis applications.
Psychometric properties of the Curiosity and Exploration Inventory-II among Kenyan adolescents
Authors: Johnson Natalie E. , Nerima Daisy , Kahura Ngina , Osborn Tom L. 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionCuriosity is a fundamental trait that drives exploration, motivation, learning, and growth. However, research on this character strength in sub-Saharan African populations is very scarce. To address this gap in the literature, we sought to determine the psychometric properties of the Curiosity and Exploration Inventory- II (CEI-II), a measure for trait curiosity, to provide evidence of validity for its use in research among populations in sub-Saharan Africa. We also aimed to assess for demographic and psychosocial correlates of curiosity among Kenyan high school students.MethodsA sample of 375 participants in Kenya completed the CEI-II, as well as demographic information on sex, age, form in school, psychosocial measures of depression, anxiety, school climate, and social support. Using cross-sectional data, parallel analysis, scree plot, and structural equation modeling were used to determine the factor structure of the CEI-II among the Kenyan adolescent population.ResultsA one-factor solution was found to be the best fitting model, differing from the two-factor structure found in the original development of the measure. Internal consistency, convergent and discriminant validity, and predictors of trait curiosity were also examined. The CEI-II demonstrated good internal consistency and convergent validity with social support from family, friends, significant others, and school climate. Discriminant validity was demonstrated by the non-significant correlation between curiosity and depression. A hierarchical regression model showed that curiosity was significantly predicted by social support from family, significant others, school climate, and anxiety, with males being more curious than females.DiscussionThe CEI-II is a valid measurement tool to capture trait curiosity in Kenyan adolescents, and our findings provide insight into the relationship between curiosity and other psychosocial factors in this population.
Optimalisasi Otonomi Desa Dalam Peningkatan Perekonomian Masyarakat Melalui Badan Usaha Milik Desa Bejijong Kabupaten Mojokerto
Authors: Puspaningtyas Anggraeny , Ismail Hasan 
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis optimalisasi otonomi desa dalam peningkatan ekonomi masyarakat melalui BUMDes. Berdasarkan kebijakan Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang desa, bertujuan membangun Indonesia dari desa memiliki motif desentralisasi ekonomi melalui pendistribusian kewenangan desa untuk mengatur dan mengembangkan potensi desa, untuk mencapai tujuan itu pemerintah desa diberi kewenangan untuk mengelola sumber ekonomi desa melalui pendirian BUMDes yang diatur pada pasal 87 Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa. Implementasi kebijakan tersebut telah dilaksanakan sejak 8 tahun yang lalu, hingga tahun 2022 persebaran desa mandiri berada diangka 8,45%. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa otonomi desa masih belum mampu meningkatkan kemandirian desa secara optimal, salah satu penyebab kecilnya presentase desa mandiri yakni ketidakmampuan desa dalam mengoptimlakan BUMDes sebagai piranti penggerak ekonomi masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui osbservasi, wawancara, dan studi literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukan pelaksanaan otonomi desa masih perlu ditingkatkan dan dalam pengelolaan BUMDes masih belum meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat Desa Bejijong. Rekomendasi penelitian ini adalah merevitalisasi kelembagaan desa, khususnya Lembaga BUMDes Wijaya Bejijong serta meningkatkan pengelolaan BUMDes melalui Kerjasama dengan berbagai stakeholder dan masyarakat dalam optimalisasi otonomi desa.
kata kunci: BUMDes, peningkatan ekonomi, otonomi desa