bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deimplementation of Gastric Residual Volume Monitoring to Enhance Patient Nutrition
Authors: Landgrave Hannah E. 
Published: February 2024

Background
Routine gastric residual volume monitoring remains common in nursing practice. However, current evidence supports using a focused nursing assessment to identify signs and symptoms of enteral feeding intolerance such as abdominal pain, abdominal distension, and vomiting.

Local Problem
At the author’s institution, nurses and other clinicians began reporting inconsistencies in gastric residual volume monitoring along with frequent interruptions in the delivery of enteral nutrition.

Interventions
The quality improvement project included patients in the medical intensive care unit receiving enteral nutrition. Gastric residual volume monitoring was eliminated. Instead, enteral nutrition was suspended on the basis of signs and symptoms of enteral feeding intolerance. Multimodal education was provided to nurses, nurse practitioners, and physicians caring for these patients. Formative evaluation occurred via staff rounds, summative evaluation occurred through a staff survey, and nutritional adequacy was evaluated by tracking patient weight.

Results
The 6-week project included 37 patients on the medical intensive care unit service. Of these patients, 28 gained weight; the mean change in weight was +6.2%. The practice change was well perceived by staff and is now an established part of care for any patient receiving enteral feedings at the study hospital.

Conclusions
The deimplementation of routine gastric residual volume monitoring is supported by evidence. Use of a focused gastrointestinal nursing assessment to identify enteral feeding intolerance is safe, feasible, and effective and improves nutrition delivery and nurses’ workflow.
Estimation of Risk Factors for Intellectual Disability in North Karnataka Region: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Kuriakose Theaja , Tom Divya 
Published: February 2024

Introduction:
Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by three main clinical conditions, i.e., cognitive deficiencies, impairments of adaptive function, and onset during the developmental period. The causes of ID include genetic abnormalities, as well as prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal environmental factors such as exposure to toxic agents, nutritional deficiencies, childhood brain infections, and maternal infections such as rubella and cytomegalovirus may lead to ID. The present study attempted to perform a detailed analysis of case histories of children with ID among North Karnataka region to examine the frequency of occurrence of risk factors which can cause onset of ID.

Methods:
Retrospective analysis of records of 1400 individuals who visited our Institute, for speech and language evaluation was analyzed. Among 1400 cases, there were 300 cases were selected for the study.

Results:
The risk factors identified in this study primely constitute of perinatal and postnatal factors and lower socioeconomic status.

Conclusion:
It may be implied from the results of the study that appropriate peri and postnatal health care interventions can help to reduce risks leading to ID. Utilizing this knowledge will help with both primary and secondary level prevention by raising public awareness of the probable causes of ID. It is also possible to identify these risk factors, detect ID early, and then intervene at the earliest. Furthermore, extensive researches focusing on a thorough evaluation of risk factors with respect to severity of ID need to be carried out. This will help in understanding the causative factors better, and hence, enhance the development of preventive strategies and planning of a better rehabilitation program.
The effect of prophylaxis paste and air-powder polishing on color stability and surface roughness of different composite resins
Authors: Kuzu Turan Emre , Karatas Ozcan 
Published: February 2024

Aim:
This study examined the impact of periodontal prophylaxis paste and air-powder treatment on nano- and microhybrid composite resin surface roughness and color change.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty specimens were prepared from a nanohybrid and a microhybrid composite resin. The specimens were distinct into three subgroups, and the first color measurements were done. Then, a periodontal prophylaxis paste was applied to one of the subgroups prepared from each composite, and air-powder polishing was applied to the second subgroups, and specimens in the third subgroup were kept in distilled water. Then, the specimens were washed and stored in distilled water for 24 h. After storing, the specimens' mean color change and surface roughness values were calculated. The data were recorded and statistically analyzed.

Results:
The highest mean color change was observed in the microhybrid composite air-powder group while the lowest in the nanohybrid composite control group. The surface roughness of the air-powder specimens was statistically significantly higher than in the other groups.

Conclusions:
Depending on the kind of composite resin, periodontal surface treatments may have an impact on color and surface roughness. After periodontal therapy, the dentist should assess the current composite resin restorations.
In vitro evaluation of cyclic loading on retention strength of Retention.sil and O/ring attachments for tooth supported overdenture
Authors: Karthhik Raadhikka , Raj Bharath , Surendra Kumar G. P. 
Published: February 2024

Statement of Problem:
Numerous different attachments are used to retain overdentures. Hence, there is a need to assess new chairside attachment system based on polyvinylsiloxane (Retention.sil [R.S]) to know its in vitro behavior to be used clinically.

Purpose:
To assess and compare the retentive force of two female matrix retention system (R.S with a conventional O-ring [OR] attachment system) in tooth-supported overdenture.

Materials and Methods:
Completely edentulous mandibular model with two canine root-anchored ball attachments for overdentures were fabricated. A total of 30 mandibular dentures were made and divided to form two groups, each with a different attachment design. One group (test) received 5 pairs of R.S attachments while the other group (control) received 15 pairs of ORs. Retention force was measured by subjecting them to 540 cycles of insertion and de-insertion cycles (representing 6 months functional life) in axial direction before and after thermocycling.

Results:
Statistical analysis comprised Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, Friedman test, and Wilcoxon signed-rank test (α = 0.05). The initial retention of R.S attachments was 5.90 ± 0.77 N and of ball/OR 17.36 ± 3.81 N. The final retention of R.S attachments was 5.41 ± 0.72 N and of ball/OR 12.91 ± 3.18 N. The OR developed higher retentive force as compared to the R.S attachments (P < 0.05). However, no significant changes in retention force were observed for R.S groups after repeated dislodging and thermal undulation.

Conclusion:
Both systems presented acceptable retention capacities after 540 cycles. The newly developed R.S attachments can provide an alternative to OR attachments for short-term retention. Clinical studies are however required to elucidate the long-term performance of these materials.
Oral health status and treatment needs in primary school children of Kochi
Authors: Dempsy Chengappa M. M. , Kannan Akshai , Koul Rahul 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Oral health has a multifaceted nature as it encompasses a person's ability to speak, smile, smell, taste, touch, chew, swallow, and convey a range of emotions through facial expressions with confidence and without pain, discomfort, and disease of the craniofacial complex. Oral health paves way for good general health and essential well-being.

Aim:
The present study was undertaken to determine the oral health status and treatment needs of school-going children aged 6–10 years of attending government schools in Kochi, Kerala, India.

Materials and Methods:
The present study was a cross-sectional study that included screening for dental caries, enamel fluorosis, dental trauma, malocclusion, and treatment needs of 533 primary government school-going children of Willingdon Island, Kochi. Children were assessed as per the World Health Organization Oral Health Assessment Form for Children given in the year 2013. A stratified random sampling method was followed. The means and percentages were calculated, and comparison was done using ANOVA, Chi-square test, and Student's t-test to find the difference in proportion. All values were considered statistically significant at P < 0.05.

Results:
The dentition status of the surveyed children revealed a prevalence of dental caries in the study was found to be 50.09% (267). A significant difference was observed between different class students concerning mean DMFT scores (F = 8.5660, P < 0.05). The survey also revealed that the prevalence of enamel fluorosis, traumatic dental injuries, and malocclusion was found to be 3.38%, 1.69%, and 2.63%, respectively. Treatment needs status among students revealed that 85 students needed a preventive or routine treatment and a minimum of two students needed immediate (urgent) treatment who were referred to a dental hospital and 9.76% of students needed Orthodontic intervention.

Conclusion:
The high prevalence rate shows that further follow-up and awareness among the teachers, parents, and students regarding dental caries, oral health, and dental hygiene is needed. Further, studies of similar nature on a larger sample are required to correlate the prevalence of dental caries in the target population with other socio-behavioral factors.
Investigation of shear bond strength of different adhesive agents to demineralized enamel with or without resin ınfiltration
Authors: Bilgic Rabia , Yapar Merve Iscan , Celik Neslihan , Akgul Nilgun 
Published: February 2024

Objectives:
This study aimed to investigate the bond strength of adhesive agents to enamel surfaces with and without resin infiltration.

Materials and Methods:
The crowns and roots of 198 human incisors were separated from each other and placed in an acrylic mold. The teeth were ground until the guide grooves created with the slotted bur disappeared. Then, it was thrown into the demineralization solution and artificial caries lesions were created. Teeth were randomly divided into two main groups, and each main group was divided into five subgroups. And also the control group was determined. The materials and composite were applied to demineralized enamel. For the shear bond analysis, a universal testing machine was used. Statistical analysis of the data was evaluated by one-way ANOVA test and independent t-test.

Results:
The result showed that there was no statistical difference between no resin infiltrant adhesive bonding agent groups (P < 0.05) and no difference between resin-treated groups and untreated groups of each bonding agent (P < 0.05). Furthermore, there is no difference between resin infiltrant pretreated adhesive bonding agent groups (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The use of different adhesive systems during restorative procedures after resin infiltration did not affect the shear bond strength.
Incidence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and causes of maternal deaths due to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: A Restrospective cohort study
Authors: Kamat Amitha Vijay , Venkatesha K. V. , Manasa B. M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:
Maternal mortality is one of the prime health-care level and quality indicators of a country. The causal changing trends of maternal mortality demand a fair and constant revision of facilities provided to new mothers. We need an in-detail analysis of the recent trends and causes and the entire spectrum of it.

Objective:
The objective is to study the incidence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and the causes of maternal deaths due to HDP.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective cohort study was carried out over 3 years. Maternal death and hypertensive disorder of pregnancy were defined as per standard guidelines. The obstetric and demographic variables were recorded. The risk ratio with its 95% confidence interval was calculated.

Results:
The incidence of HDP was 33.8% in a total of 29,125 deliveries that took place in 3-year period. Total maternal deaths were 222 (0.76%), and among these, 78 cases (35.1%) had HDP. HDP had a significant effect on intrauterine deaths and hospital stays. The most common form of HDP was preeclampsia in 57.7%. The most common complication that occurred in HDP maternal deaths was pulmonary edema in 21.5% of the cases.

Conclusion:
The incidence of HDP was high in the present study center. The deaths due to HDP are also high owing to the maximum number of patients being referred from other places in late stages. Regular antenatal care, educating the society, early diagnosis of risk factors, and early referral forms are the important factors to be considered to prevent maternal death.
Bilateral nasolabial flaps for treating oral submucous fibrosis-induced trismus
Authors: Goyal Isha , Gupta Manish , Dhawan Kaffy , Gupta Akanksha 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Tobacco chewing and its consumption in other various forms are a common practice in India. The result of this is oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) which itself considered a premalignant pathology and causes difficulty in mouth opening with poor quality of life. Various treatment strategies including medicine oral and topical, oral surgeries, physiotherapy, or combination have been suggested in the literature to improve mouth opening. The case presented here was suffering from OSMF and trismus and has undergone surgery including the release of oral fibrous bands and repair of oral defect with bilateral nasolabial flaps.
Effects of delivery method on skin diseases and allergy status: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Metin Zuhal , Durmaz Koray 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:
Recent data support a relationship between gut microbiota and various chronic diseases, with emerging evidence indicating a similar association with skin microbiota.

Objective:
This study aimed to examine the impact of the delivery method on skin microbiota and explore its effects on skin diseases and allergies. Sociodemographic characteristics, which are potential factors impacting skin microbiota, were also considered to investigate this relationship.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 285 pediatric patients. The delivery method, allergy status, age, gender, consanguineous marriage, and parental smoking exposure (PSE) factors were questioned. The present diagnoses of the patients were also recorded. Categorical variables were analyzed using Chi-square analysis.

Results:
An increased risk of infectious skin diseases (ISDs) (viral, bacterial, fungal) and allergies has been observed in cesarean section (CS) (P < 0.001, P = 0.057). The risk of scabies was higher in normal delivery (P = 0.032). There was no significant relationship between the method of delivery and atopic or non-atopic dermatitis. For children born by CS, PSE, and allergies were identified as factors increasing the risk of atopic dermatitis (P = 0.045, P = 0.018). Allergic children born by CS exhibited a lower prevalence of ISD (P = 0.037). In addition, a decrease in ISDs from 21.2% to 10.3% was observed after 3 years of age in normal births (P = 0.139).

Conclusion:
Minimizing sociodemographic risk factors and creating a balanced and healthy microbiota, especially in early life, through personal and environmental measures, will be an important part of the treatment of skin diseases and allergies.
Effect of Nurse-Led PMTCT Health Education on HIV Disclosure among HIV-Positive Women in Mombasa County: A quasi-experimental study
Authors: Cheptoek Muhamud Chemowo , Karanja Simon , Kibiti Cromuel , Udu Rahma 
Published: February 2024

Background: This study investigated the impact of nurse-led PMTCT (Prevention of Mother-toChild Transmission) health education on enhancing HIV status disclosure among HIVpositive women in Mombasa County, Kenya. HIV status disclosure is crucial for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission and the overall well-being of affected individuals and their families.
Methods: A quasi-experimental design was employed, with participants divided into an intervention group of 107 receiving nurse-led PMTCT health education and a control group of 107 receiving standard care. Demographic information, knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to HIV status disclosure were collected at baseline and post-intervention phases. Descriptive statistics were computed and a chi-square test was used to compare the level of self-disclosure of HIV status to sexual partners across the groups. Difference in differences (DID) analysis was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention. Results: The study initially found that at baseline, 60.4% of HIV-positive women in the control group did not disclose their status to sexual partners, compared to 55.4% in the intervention group. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups at this stage. In the end-line survey, the control group had 64% non-disclosure, while the intervention group showed a significant improvement, with only 20% not disclosing. Chi-square analysis revealed a substantial difference (p < 0.001) in disclosure rates between the intervention and control groups. Additionally, a Difference-in-Differences (DID) analysis indicated a significant improvement in self-disclosure (23.1% net intervention effect, p < 0.0001). Overall, the nurse-led health education intervention notably increased HIV status disclosure among HIV-positive women in selected Mombasa County health facilities.
Conclusion: Nurse-led PMTCT education enhances HIV disclosure in Mombasa County, improving PMTCT outcomes and curbing mother-to-child transmission. Tailored interventions are vital in addressing HIV challenges in diverse contexts.
Effects of Moderate Acute Malnutrition Treatment and HIV-Exposure on Body Composition among Children Under Five Years in SubSaharan Africa: A systematic review
Authors: Tarkwen Pauline , Konyole Silvenus , Bukania Zipporah , Oiye Shadrack 
Published: February 2024

Background: Malnutrition poses a global threat to Childhood growth and survival. Coupled with HIV exposure and infection, under-nutrition risk is greatly increased. Infection with HIV results in Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome which increases the body’s nutrient requirements and may significantly affect the body composition parameters. This study aimed to review data from published articles to identify the changes in body composition among children under five in sub-Saharan Africa as a result of Moderate Acute Malnutrition (MAM) and HIV exposure
Materials And Methods: We conducted a systematic review of published articles on body composition, moderate acute malnutrition treatment and HIV exposure among children under five years. Data was searched from PubMed, Ovid-MedLine, Google Scholar, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and EMBASE. The review was done as per Cochrane reviews and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and MetaAnalyses guidelines (PRISMA). The articles were then screened for suitability of inclusion and analysis.
Results: A total of 1,505 records were identified; 520 articles from PubMed, 535 from Medline and 430 from EMBASE. On the first screening step, 755 duplicate records were removed. Screening the articles by abstract and title led to the elimination of 717 records. Further, 88 records were excluded due to a lack of full-text articles, not related to the topic, no prospective studies and the wrong age group (above five years). We finally ended up with 9 articles that were included for review.
Conclusions: There is an interrelationship between MAM treatment, HIV Exposure and body composition. Treatment of MAM using standard ready-to-use supplemental foods and locally produced specialized nutritious formulas improves the body composition parameters of children under five years. HIV-exposed infected children exhibit poorer body composition parameters than HIV-exposed uninfected and HIV-unexposed uninfected children.
Comparative epidemiology and outcomes among trauma patients transported by private and formal pre-hospital care modes in Kigali, Rwanda
Authors: Nzabandora J. P. , Bilal S. , Jing L. , Henry M. B. , Beeman A. , Mbanjumucyo G. , Rosenberg N. , Nyinawankusi J. D. A. , Sharma V. , Ndebwanimana V. , Muaragizi J. , Odoom E. , Aluisio A. R. 
Published: February 2024

INTRODUCTION: The burden of injuries is high in low- and middle-income countries where pre-hospital systems are being developed to improve acute injury care. This study compares the characteristics and outcomes between trauma patients transported by formal emergency medical services (EMS) and by private transport to the emergency department (ED) of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Kigali (CHUK) in Rwanda.
METHODS: This retrospective cohort study analyzed a random sample of trauma patients presenting between 1 August 2015 and 30 July 2016. Descriptive analyses were performed, and differences in outcomes were assessed based on transport modalities via Pearson Chi-Squared or Fisher’s Exact tests.
RESULTS: Of the 556 trauma patients analyzed, 87.1% were transported by private transport and the remainder by EMS. The median inpatient length of stay for private transport patients was 7 days (IQR:3-16 days), compared to 9.5 days for EMS patients (IQR:4-18 days) (p=0.301). More EMS-transported patients died in the ED (p=0.005), and more were admitted to the hospital. There was a higher mortality rate among patients admitted to the hospital who arrived by private transport, but the difference was not statistically significant.
CONCLUSION: The higher ED death rate among EMS-transported patients and the higher in-hospital death rate among private transport patients suggest that major differences in the two groups may or may not be related to how trauma patients are brought to the ED.
DAMAI Model as a Prototype of Religious Moderation
Authors: Labobar Kresbinol 
Published: February 2024

The first principle of Pancasila states that Indonesia as a nation that believes in God Almighty. Although Indonesia is officially secular, it is a diverse nation in terms of culture and religion. This diversity presents the possibility of disputes arising from religious matters in different areas. This article emphasizes how elements like the politicization of religion, exclusivism, and identity politics may lead to religious insecurity. The use of the DAMAI paradigm (Dialogue, Adaptation, Mediation, Accommodation, Integration) to build religious moderation in the context of Christian theological education in Papua is also covered in this article. Descriptive qualitative research methodology is employed in this study. Forty participants—representing staff, instructors, and students—were interviewed, and observations were made in order to gather data. The study’s findings demonstrate the high degree of DAMAI model application at Sentani State Protestant Christian College (STAKPN Sentani), with scores ranging from 80% to 99% for indicators including Communication, Justice, Love, Security, and Innovation. The DAMAI paradigm is presented in this article to foster inclusive and peaceful religious moderation in Papua while shedding light on the challenges related to religious moderation in Christian theological education settings.