bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A large ‘Active Magnetic Shield’ for a high-precision experiment
Authors: Abel C. , Ayres N. J. , Ban G. , Bison G. , Bodek K. , Bondar V. , Bouillaud T. , Chanel E. , Chen J. , Chen W. , Chiu P. -J. , Crawford C. B. , Daum M. , Doorenbos C. B. , Emmenegger S. , Ferraris-Bouchez L. , Fertl M. , Fratangelo A. , Griffith W. C. , Grujic Z. D. , Harris P. , Kirch K. , Kletzl V. , Koss P. A. , Krempel J. , Lauss B. , Lefort T. , Mullan P. , Naviliat-Cuncic O. , Pais D. , Piegsa F. M. , Pignol G. , Rawlik M. , Rienäcker I. , Ries D. , Roccia S. , Rozpedzik D. , Saenz-Arevalo W. , Schmidt-Wellenburg P. , Schnabel A. , Segarra E. P. , Severijns N. , Shelton T. , Svirina K. , Tavakoli Dinani R. , Thorne J. , Virot R. , Yazdandoost N. , Zejma J. , Ziehl N. , Zsigmond G. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe present a novel Active Magnetic Shield (AMS), designed and implemented for the n2EDM experiment at the Paul Scherrer Institute. The experiment will perform a high-sensitivity search for the electric dipole moment of the neutron. Magnetic-field stability and control is of key importance for n2EDM. A large, cubic, 5 m side length, magnetically shielded room (MSR) provides a passive, quasi-static shielding-factor of about $$10^5$$

10
5

for its inner sensitive volume. The AMS consists of a system of eight complex, feedback-controlled compensation coils constructed on an irregular grid spanned on a volume of less than 1000 m$$^3$$

3

around the MSR. The AMS is designed to provide a stable and uniform magnetic-field environment around the MSR, while being reasonably compact. The system can compensate static and variable magnetic fields up to $$\pm \, 50 \, {\upmu }\hbox {T}$$

±

50

μ
T

(homogeneous components) and $$\pm \, 5 \, {\upmu }\hbox {T/m}$$

±

5

μ
T/m

(first-order gradients), suppressing them to a few $${\upmu }\hbox {T}$$

μ
T

in the sub-Hertz frequency range. The presented design concept and implementation of the AMS fulfills the requirements of the n2EDM experiment and can be useful for other applications, where magnetically silent environments are important and spatial constraints inhibit simpler geometrical solutions.
Thermal transport in H-terminated ultrathin [110] Si nanowires: a first principles study
Authors: Hahn Konstanze R. , Melis Claudio , Bernardini Fabio , Paulatto Lorenzo , Colombo Luciano 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPhonon properties of ultrathin Si nanowires in [110] direction have been calculated by density functional perturbation theory. Several samples with varying diameters ranging from 0.38 to 1.5 nm have been investigated. It is found that the frequencies of optical phonons at the zone center increase with decrease in size of the nanowire, giving rise to avoided-crossing with longitudinal acoustic phonons. This feature determines a corresponding increase in the scattering rates and flattening of the longitudinal acoustic mode. More specifically, a remarkable change in scattering rates is shown for decreasing diameter. Results of the thermal conductivity are much lower with respect to bulk Si and are found between 40 and 119 $$\hbox {Wm}^{-1}$$

Wm

-
1

$$\hbox {K}^{-1}$$

K

-
1

, also providing evidence of increasing thermal conductivity with increase in diameter. This effect is attributed to several changes in the phonon dispersions. Finally, it is shown that approximating the boundary scattering of phonons by Casimir scattering leads to a severe underestimation of the thermal conductivity in these systems.
Quality of Life After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Dimagli Arnaldo , Spadaccio Cristiano , Myers Annie , Demetres Michelle , Rademaker‐Havinga Tessa , Stone Gregg W. , Spertus John A. , Redfors Bjorn , Fremes Stephen , Gaudino Mario , Masterson Creber Ruth 
Published: November 2023

Background
Differences in quality of life (QoL) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) compared with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are not well characterized. We aimed to compare the short‐ and long‐term effects of CABG versus PCI on QoL.

Methods and Results
We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing CABG versus PCI using the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ)‐Angina Frequency, SAQ‐QoL, SAQ‐Physical Limitations, EuroQoL‐5D, and Short‐Form Questionnaire. We calculated mean changes within each group from baseline to 1, 6, 12, and 36 to 60 months (latest follow‐up) and the weighted mean differences between groups using inverse‐variance methods. A total of 10 760 patients were enrolled in 5 trials. From baseline to 12 months and 36 to 60 months, the mean change in SAQ‐Angina Frequency was >22 points (95% CI, 21.0–25.6) after both PCI and CABG. The mean difference in SAQ‐Angina Frequency was similar between procedures at 1 month and at 36 to 60 months but favored CABG at 12 months (1.97 [95% CI, 0.68–3.26]). SAQ‐QoL favored PCI at 1 month (−2.92 [95% CI, −4.66 to −1.18]) and CABG at 6 (2.50 [95% CI, 1.02–3.97]), 12 (3.30 [95% CI, 1.78–4.82]), and 36 to 60 months (3.17 [95% CI, 0.54 5.80). SAQ‐Physical Limitations (−12.61 [95% CI, −16.16 to −9.06]) and EuroQoL‐5D (−0.07 [95% CI, −0.08 to −0.07) favored PCI at 1 month. Short‐Form Questionnaire‐Physical Component favored CABG at 12 months (1.18 [95% CI, 0.46–1.90]).

Conclusions
Both PCI and CABG improved long‐term disease‐specific and generic QoL.
Thrombus Aspirates From Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke Are Infiltrated by Viridans Streptococci
Authors: Patrakka Olli , Tuomisto Sari , Pienimäki Juha‐Pekka , Ollikainen Jyrki , Oksala Niku , Lampinen Vili , Ojanen Markus J. T. , Huhtala Heini , Hytönen Vesa P. , Lehtimäki Terho , Martiskainen Mika , Karhunen Pekka J. 
Published: November 2023

Background
Acute ischemic stroke may be due to embolism from ruptured atherosclerotic carotid arteries. DNA of oral bacteria, mainly the viridans streptococci group, has been detected in thrombus aspirates of patients with ischemic stroke as well as in carotid endarterectomy samples. Because viridans streptococci are known to possess thrombogenic properties, we studied whether their presence in thrombus aspirates and in carotid artery specimens can be confirmed using bacterial immunohistochemistry.

Methods and Results

Thrombus aspirates from 61 patients with ischemic stroke (70.5% men; mean age, 66.8 years) treated with mechanical thrombectomy, as well as carotid endarterectomy samples from 20 symptomatic patients (65.0% men; mean age, 66.2 years) and 48 carotid artery samples from nonstroke autopsy cases (62.5% men; mean age, 66.4 years), were immunostained with an antibody cocktail against 3 species (
Streptococcus sanguinis
,
Streptococcus mitis,
and
Streptococcus gordonii
) of viridans streptococci. Of the thrombus aspirates, 84.8% were immunopositive for viridans streptococci group bacteria, as were 80.0% of the carotid endarterectomy samples, whereas immunopositivity was observed in 31.3% of the carotid artery samples from nonstroke autopsies. Most streptococci were detected inside neutrophil granulocytes, but there were also remnants of bacterial biofilm as well as free bacterial infiltrates in some samples.

Conclusions
Oral streptococci were found in aspirated thrombi of patients with acute ischemic stroke as well as in carotid artery samples. Our results suggest that viridans streptococci group bacteria may play a role in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke.
Within‐Physician Differences in Patient Sharing Between Primary Care Physicians and Cardiologists Who Treat White and Black Patients With Heart Disease
Authors: Matthews Luke J. , Damberg Cheryl L. , Zhang Shiyuan , Escarce Jose J. , Gibson C. Ben , Schuler Megan , Popescu Ioana 
Published: November 2023

Background
Black‐White disparities in heart disease treatment may be attributable to differences in physician referral networks. We mapped physician networks for Medicare patients and examined within‐physician Black‐White differences in patient sharing between primary care physicians and cardiologists.

Methods and Results

Using Medicare fee‐for‐service files for 2016 to 2017, we identified a cohort of Black and White patients with heart disease and the primary care physicians and cardiologists treating them. To ensure the robustness of within‐physician comparisons, we restricted the sample to regional health care markets (ie, hospital referral regions) with at least 10 physicians sharing ≥3 Black and White patients. We used claims to construct 2 race‐specific physician network measures: degree (number of cardiologists with whom a primary care physician shares patients) and transitivity (network tightness). Measures were adjusted for Black‐White differences in physician panel size and calculated for all settings (hospital and office) and for office settings only. Of 306 US hospital referral regions, 226 and 145 met study criteria for all settings and office setting analyses, respectively. Black patients had more cardiology encounters overall (6.9 versus 6.6;
P
<0.001) and with unique cardiologists (3.0 versus 2.6;
P
<0.001), but fewer office encounters (31.7% versus 41.1%;
P
<0.001). Primary care physicians shared Black patients with more cardiologists than White patients (mean differential degree 23.4 for all settings and 3.6 for office analyses;
P
<0.001 for both). Black patient‐sharing networks were less tightly connected in all but office settings (mean differential transitivity −0.2 for all settings [
P
<0.001] and near 0 for office analyses [
P
=0.74]).

Conclusions
Within‐physician Black‐White differences in patient sharing exist and may contribute to disparities in cardiac care.
Noninvasive Hemodynamic Characterization of Shock and Preshock Using Echocardiography in Cardiac Intensive Care Unit Patients
Authors: Jentzer Jacob C. , Burstein Barry , Ternus Bradley , Bennett Courtney E. , Menon Venu , Oh Jae K. , Anavekar Nandan S. 
Published: November 2023

Background
Shock and preshock are defined on the basis of the presence of hypotension, hypoperfusion, or both. We sought to determine the hemodynamic underpinnings of shock and preshock noninvasively using transthoracic echocardiography (TTE).

Methods and Results
We included Mayo Clinic cardiac intensive care unit patients from 2007 to 2015 with TTE within 1 day of admission. Hypotension and hypoperfusion at the time of cardiac intensive care unit admission were used to define 4 groups. TTE findings were evaluated across these groups, and in‐hospital mortality was evaluated according to TTE findings in each group. We included 5375 patients with a median age of 69.2 years (36.8% women). The median left ventricular ejection fraction was 50%. Groups based on hypotension and hypoperfusion were assigned as follows: no hypotension or hypoperfusion, 59.7%; isolated hypotension, 15.3%; isolated hypoperfusion, 16.4%; and both hypotension and hypoperfusion, 8.7%. Most TTE variables of interest varied across these groups, with worse biventricular function, lower forward flow, and higher filling pressures as the degree of hemodynamic compromise increased. In‐hospital mortality occurred in 8.2%, and inpatient deaths had more TTE parameter abnormalities. In‐hospital mortality increased with the degree of hemodynamic compromise, and a marked gradient in in‐hospital mortality was observed when the clinical classification of shock and preshock was combined with TTE findings reflecting worse biventricular function, lower forward flow, or higher filling pressures.

Conclusions
Substantial differences in cardiac function are observed between cardiac intensive care unit patients with preshock and shock using TTE, and the combination of the clinical and TTE hemodynamic assessment provides robust mortality risk stratification.
Management of Patients With Unexplained Syncope: Derivation and Validation of a Simplified 2‐Step Diagnostic Approach
Authors: Doundoulakis Ioannis , Tsiachris Dimitris , Kordalis Athanasios , Koliastasis Leonidas , Soulaidopoulos Stergios , Arsenos Petros , Xintarakou Anastasia , Bartsioka Lamprini Iro , Dilaveris Polychronis , Vlachopoulos Charalambos , Sideris Skevos , Tsioufis Konstantinos , Gatzoulis Konstantinos A. 
Published: November 2023

Background
The aim of this study was to develop a structured 2‐step approach, based on noninvasive diagnostic criteria, that led to an electrophysiology study in patients with unexplained syncope.

Methods and Results

Two independent cohorts were used: the derivation cohort with 665 patients based on electronic health record data to develop our 2‐step diagnostic approach, and the validation cohort based on 160 prospectively screened patients, presenting with unexplained syncope episodes. Noninvasive electrocardiographic and imaging markers and an electrophysiology study–based invasive assessment were combined. A positive diagnostic approach according to our study's prespecified criteria resulted in a decision to proceed with a permanent pacemaker/implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator. The primary end point was the time until the event of recurrent syncope (syncope‐free survival). Number needed to treat was calculated for patients with a positive diagnostic approach. The number of patients with unexplained syncope and borderline sinus bradycardia needed to treat was 5, and the number of patients with unexplained syncope and bundle branch block needed to treat was 3 over a mean follow‐up of ≈4 years. After the structured 2‐step approach, the primary outcome occurred in 14 of 82 (17.1%) with a pacemaker/implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator and 19 of 57 (33%) with a negative approach, with a mean follow‐up of ≈2.5 years (29.29±12.58 months,
P
=0.03).

Conclusions
The low number needed to treat in the derivation cohort and the low percentage of syncope recurrence in the validation cohort supports the proposed 2‐step electrophysiology‐inclusive algorithm as a potentially low‐cost, 1‐day, structured tool for these patients.
A resource for development and comparison of multimodal brain 3 T MRI harmonisation approaches
Authors: Warrington Shaun , Ntata Asante , Mougin Olivier , Campbell Jon , Torchi Andrea , Craig Martin , Alfaro-Almagro Fidel , Miller Karla L. , Morgan Paul S. , Jenkinson Mark , Sotiropoulos Stamatios N. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Despite the huge potential of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in mapping and exploring the brain, MRI measures can often be limited in their consistency, reproducibility, and accuracy which subsequently restricts their quantifiability. Nuisance nonbiological factors, such as hardware, software, calibration differences between scanners, and post-processing options, can contribute to, or drive trends in, neuroimaging features to an extent that interferes with biological variability. Such lack of consistency, known as lack of harmonisation, across neuroimaging datasets poses a great challenge for our capabilities in quantitative MRI. Here, we build a new resource for comprehensively mapping the extent of the problem and objectively evaluating neuroimaging harmonisation approaches. We use a travelling-heads paradigm consisting of multimodal MRI data of 10 travelling subjects, each scanned at five different sites on six different 3 T scanners from all the three major vendors and using five neuroimaging modalities, providing more comprehensive coverage than before. We also acquire multiple within-scanner repeats for a subset of subjects, setting baselines for multimodal scan-rescan variability. Having extracted hundreds of imaging-derived phenotypes, we compare three forms of variability: (i) between-scanner, (ii) within-scanner (within-subject), and (iii) biological (between-subject). We characterise the reliability of features across scanners and use our resource as a testbed to enable new investigations that until now have been relatively unexplored. Specifically, we identify optimal pipeline processing steps that minimise between-scanner variability in extracted features (implicit harmonisation). We also test the performance of post-processing harmonisation tools (explicit harmonisation) and specifically check their efficiency in reducing between-scanner variability against baseline standards provided by our data. Our explorations allow us to come up with good practice suggestions on processing steps and sets of features where results are more consistent, while our publicly released dataset (which we refer to as ON-Harmony) establishes references for future studies in this field.
Estimating a Preference-Based Value Set for the Mental Health Quality of Life Questionnaire (MHQoL)
Authors: van Krugten Frédérique C. W. , Jonker Marcel F. , Himmler Sebastian F. W. , Hakkaart-van Roijen Leona , Brouwer Werner B. F. 
Published: November 2023

Background Health economic evaluations using common health-related quality of life measures may fall short in adequately measuring and valuing the benefits of mental health care interventions. The Mental Health Quality of Life questionnaire (MHQoL) is a standardized, self-administered mental health–related quality of life instrument covering 7 dimensions known to be relevant across and valued highly by people with mental health problems. The aim of this study was to derive a Dutch value set for the MHQoL to facilitate its use in cost-utility analyses. Methods The value set was estimated using a discrete choice experiment (DCE) with duration that accommodated nonlinear time preferences. The DCE was embedded in a web-based self-complete survey and administered to a representative sample ( N = 1,308) of the Dutch adult population. The matched pairwise choice tasks were created using a Bayesian heterogeneous D-efficient design. The overall DCE design comprised 10 different subdesigns, with each subdesign containing 15 matched pairwise choice tasks. Each participant was asked to complete 1 of the subdesigns to which they were randomly assigned. Results The obtained coefficients indicated that “physical health,”“mood,” and “relationships” were the most important dimensions. All coefficients were in the expected direction and reflected the monotonic structure of the MHQoL, except for level 2 of the dimension “future.” The predicted values for the MHQoL ranged from −0.741 for the worst state to 1 for the best state. Conclusions This study derived a Dutch value set for the recently introduced MHQoL. This value set allows for the generation of an index value for all MHQoL states on a QALY scale and may hence be used in Dutch cost-utility analyses of mental healthcare interventions. Highlights A discrete choice experiment was used to derive a Dutch value set for the MHQoL. This allows the use of the MHQoL in Dutch cost-utility analyses. The dimensions physical health, mood, and relationships were the most important. The utility values range from −0.741 for the worst state to 1 for the best state.
Audience Response to COVID Monologues: Research-Based Theater on the Societal Impact of COVID-19
Authors: Hurley Emily A. , Tharmarajah Saraniya , de Mahy Genevieve , Rassp Jess , Salvatore Joe , Jones Jonathan P. , Harvey Steven A. 
Published: November 2023

Purpose Research-based theater uses drama to communicate research findings to audiences beyond those that typically read peer-reviewed journals. We applied research-based theater to translate qualitative research findings on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on different segments of U.S. society. Approach Theater artists and public health researchers collaborated to create a collection of eight monologues from systematically sourced, peer-reviewed publications. Following three virtual performances in Spring, 2021, audience members were invited to complete a survey. Setting/Participants Audience survey respondents (n = 120) were mostly U.S.-based and were diverse in terms of age, race/ethnicity, gender, profession, and experience attending theater. Method We summarized closed-ended responses and explored patterns by demographic characteristics. We synthesized themes of open-ended responses with inductive coding. Results Audience members somewhat/strongly agreed that COVID Monologues increased their knowledge (79.4%), represented the reality of the U.S. COVID-19 epidemic (95.7%), and offered new perspectives on what people had been experiencing (87.5%). Most also agreed research-based theater is an effective means of understanding health research (93.5%) and can promote community resilience in times of public health crisis (83.2%). Mann-Whitney U tests suggested less positive reactions from demographics that were not well-represented in monologue characters (cisgender men, Hispanics). Qualitative comments suggested audience members valued monologues that offered self-reflection and validation of their own COVID-19 experiences through relatable characters as well as those that offered insight into the experiences of people different from themselves. Conclusion This work adds to evidence that research-based theater can help build knowledge and emotional insight around a public health issue. As these elements are foundational to pro-social, preventative health behaviors, research-based theater may have a useful role in promoting collective response to public health crises like COVID-19. Our method of systematically-sourcing research for theater-based dissemination could be extended to target more specific audiences with actionable behaviors.
Experimental investigation on spray and flame characteristics of a marine diesel engine with single and double injection
Authors: Liu Rui , Yang Xuan , Huang Li , Li Xinrui , Shen Gang , Ju Dehao , Feng Mingzhi , Lu Xingcai 
Published: November 2023

Multiple injection is one of the advanced technologies employed in modern diesel engines to improve combustion efficiency, reduce pollutant emissions, and minimize combustion noise. The application of multiple injection in marine diesel engines differs from its use in vehicles or heavy-duty engines, as it is not commonly combined with Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR). However, there is a scarcity of studies specifically examining the combustion characteristics of medium-speed marine diesel engines utilizing multiple injection. Given the large space scale of marine diesel engine, a constant volume chamber with a visible diameter of 240 mm was used, and an injector with a nozzle diameter of 0.465 mm was employed in the experiment. The spray development and combustion process were recorded by Mie-scattering and flame natural luminosity imaging respectively. Both conventional and double injection combustion processes were analyzed in detail. The results show that although the liquid phase spray does not fully penetrate to the cylinder wall in marine diesel engines, the flame penetrates to the cylinder wall rapidly, the flame burns near the wall almost throughout the entire combustion duration. The combustion characteristics of the double injection are significantly different, the flame propagation speed of the pilot and main injection fuel is one-third to one-half of that of a single injection with a long duration. For single injection spray with long injection duration, the flame penetration velocity is determined by the sequential ignition velocity of the fuel. While the flame penetration velocity for sprays with short injection duration mainly depends on the jet penetration velocity. The investigation on the impact of dwell time, fuel distribution, and injection pressure on the combustion process of double injection also provides valuable insights for optimizing multiple injection strategies.