bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The C-terminal extension of dyskerin is a dyskeratosis congenita mutational hotspot that modulates interaction with telomerase RNA and subcellular localization
Authors: Qin Jian , Garus Alexandre , Autexier Chantal 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Dyskerin is a component of the human telomerase complex and is involved in stabilizing the human telomerase RNA (hTR). Many mutations in the DKC1 gene encoding dyskerin are found in X-linked dyskeratosis congenita (X-DC), a premature aging disorder and other related diseases. The C-terminal extension (CTE) of dyskerin contributes to its interaction with the molecular chaperone SHQ1 during the early stage of telomerase biogenesis. Disease mutations in this region were proposed to disrupt dyskerin-SHQ1 interaction and destabilize dyskerin, reducing hTR levels indirectly. However, biochemical evidence supporting this hypothesis is still lacking. In addition, the effects of many CTE disease mutations on hTR have not been examined. In this study, we tested eight dyskerin CTE variants and showed that they failed to maintain hTR levels. These mutants showed slightly reduced but not abolished interaction with SHQ1, and caused defective binding to hTR. Deletion of the CTE further reduced binding to hTR, and perturbed localization of dyskerin to the Cajal bodies and the nucleolus, and the interaction with TCAB1 as well as GAR1. Our findings suggest impaired dyskerin-hTR interaction in cells as a previously overlooked mechanism through which dyskerin CTE mutations cause X-DC and related telomere syndromes.
Dietary Inflammatory Indices Are Not Associated With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Incidence and Progression
Authors: Wellens Judith , Chen Jie , Fu Tian , Zhang Yao , Kalla Rahul , Satsangi Jack , Theodoratou Evropi , Li Xue 
Published: October 2023

Lay Summary
Empirical dietary inflammatory pattern and the dietary inflammatory index are dietary inflammation indices, both previously associated with risk of inflammatory bowel disease. We show in the UK Biobank a null association between these indices and incident inflammatory bowel disease; we challenge the current ways in which these dietary indices are derived and interpreted. The need to account for the effects of food processing as well as the raw ingredients is emphasized as a confounding variable.
Short-term habituation of the longfin squid (Doryteuthis pealeii) to pile driving sound
Authors: Jézéquel Y , Jandial P , Cones S F , Ferguson S , Aoki N , Girdhar Y , Mooney T A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Offshore windfarms are a key renewable solution to help supply global energy needs. However, implementation has its challenges, including intense pile driving sound produced during constructions, which can affect marine life at the individual level, yet impacts at the group level remain poorly studied. Here, we exposed groups of longfin squid (Doryteuthis pealeii) in cages at multiple distances from consecutive pile driving events and sought to quantify responses at both individual and group levels. Pile driving induced short-term alarm responses at sound levels (in zero-peak) of 112–123 dB re 1 µm s−2 that were similar to those measured at kilometre scale from offshore windfarm constructions. The rate of individual alarm responses quickly decreased both within and across consecutive pile driving events, a result consistent with previous laboratory studies. Despite observing dramatic behavioural changes in response to initial pile driving sound, there were no significant differences in squid shoaling areas before and during exposure, showing no disruption of squid collective behaviours. Our results demonstrate rapid habituation of squid to pile driving sound, showing minimal effects on this ecologically and commercially key taxon. However, future work is now needed to assess responses of wild squid shoals in the vicinity of offshore windfarm constructions.
Inhibition of the Lectin Pathway of Complement Activation Reduces Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Severity in a Mouse Model of SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Ali Youssif M , Carnell George W , Fumagalli Stefano , Mercurio Domenico , Seminara Serena , Lynch Nicholas J , Khatri Priyanka , Arachchilage Chanuka H , Mascheroni Luca , Kaminski Clemens , George Charlotte L , Stewart Hazel , Yabuki Munehisa , Demopulos Gregory , Heeney Jonathan L , Schwaeble Wilhelm 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMost patients with COVID-19 in the intensive care unit develop an acute respiratory distress syndrome characterized by severe hypoxemia, decreased lung compliance, and high vascular permeability. Activation of the complement system is a hallmark of moderate and severe COVID-19, with abundant deposition of complement proteins in inflamed tissue and on the endothelium during COVID-19. Using a transgenic mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, we assessed the therapeutic utility of an inhibitory antibody (HG4) targeting MASP-2, a key enzyme in the lectin pathway. Treatment of infected mice with HG4 reduced the disease severity score and improved survival vs mice that received an isotype control antibody. Administration of HG4 significantly reduced the lung injury score, including alveolar inflammatory cell infiltration, alveolar edema, and alveolar hemorrhage. The ameliorating effect of MASP-2 inhibition on the severity of COVID-19 pathology is reflected by a significant reduction in the proinflammatory activation of brain microglia in HG4-treated mice.
Synergistic antifungal activity and potential mechanism of action of a glycolipid-like compound produced by Streptomyces blastmyceticus S108 against Candida clinical isolates
Authors: Ayed A , Essid R , Mankai H , Echmar A , Fares N , Hammami M , Sewald N , Limam F , Tabbene O 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Aim
The present study aimed to investigate a novel antifungal compound produced by Streptomyces blastmyceticus S108 strain. Its effectiveness against clinical isolates of Candida species and its synergistic effect with conventional antifungal drugs were assessed, and its molecular mechanism of action was further studied against Candida albicans.

Methods and results
A newly isolated strain from Tunisian soil, S. blastmyceticus S108, showed significant antifungal activity against Candida species by well diffusion method. The butanolic extract of S108 strain supernatant exhibited the best anti-Candida activity with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 250 μg ml−1, determined by the microdilution method. The bio-guided purification steps of the butanolic extract were performed by chromatographic techniques. Among the fractions obtained, F13 demonstrated the highest level of activity, displaying a MIC of 31.25 μg ml−1. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analyses of this fraction (F13) revealed the glycolipidic nature of the active molecule with a molecular weight of 685.6 m/z. This antifungal metabolite remained stable to physicochemical changes and did not show hemolytic activity even at 4MIC corresponding to 125 µg ml−1 toward human erythrocytes. Besides, the glycolipid compound was combined with 5-flucytosine and showed a high synergistic effect with a fractional inhibitory concentration index value 0.14 against C. albicans ATCC 10231. This combination resulted in a decrease of MIC values of 5-flucytosine and the glycolipid-like compound by 8- and 64-fold, respectively. The examination of gene expression in treated C. albicans cells by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) revealed that the active compound tested alone or in combination with 5-flucytosine blocks the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway by downregulating the expression of ERG1, ERG3, ERG5, ERG11, and ERG25 genes.

Conclusion and impact of the study
The new glycolipid-like compound, produced by Streptomyces S108 isolate, could be a promising drug for medical use against pathogenic Candida isolates.
Revisiting Screening in Women With a Family History of Breast Cancer
Authors: Coffey Kristen , Mango Victoria 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Women with a family history (FH) of breast cancer and without known genetic susceptibility represent a unique population whose lifetime probability of developing breast cancer varies widely depending on familial factors, breast density, and the risk assessment tool used. Recently updated guidelines from the American College of Radiology recommend supplemental annual screening with contrast-enhanced MRI or contrast-enhanced mammography for women with an FH who are high risk (≥20% lifetime risk) or have dense breasts. To date, most screening studies addressing outcomes in women with FH have largely included those also with confirmed or suspected gene mutations, in whom the lifetime risk is highest, with limited data for women at average to intermediate risk who are not known to be genetically susceptible and may not benefit as much from the same screening approaches. Further research focusing specifically on women with FH as the only breast cancer risk factor is warranted to refine risk assessment and optimize a multimodality personalized screening approach.
Collecting copper alloy portrait heads
Authors: Evans Tomos Llywelyn 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Much has been written about the spectacular naturalistic copper and copper alloy heads of Wúnmọníjẹ̀ Compound, Ilé-Ifẹ̀, Nigeria, which stunned the art world after they were unearthed in 1938, on the cusp of the Second World War. However, little scholarly attention has been afforded to the controversial aftermath of their discovery, when multiple foreign parties endeavoured to collect and export many of them from Nigeria, while legislation to prohibit the export of antiquities was lacking. Drawing on archives from the USA and the UK, this article reveals important details of the collecting of several of the heads in the late colonial period. Coinciding with renewed calls for the restitution of Nigerian cultural patrimony from foreign institutions, it sheds light on the British Museum’s acquisition of one such head, the acquisition of two by the American anthropologist William R. Bascom, and the purported export by a German export company, of several heads which remain unaccounted for to this day.
Moderate high temperature is beneficial or detrimental depending on carbon availability in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Zhang Ningning , Venn Benedikt , Bailey Catherine E , Xia Ming , Mattoon Erin M , Mühlhaus Timo , Zhang Ru 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
High temperatures impair plant growth and reduce agricultural yields, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is an excellent model to study heat responses in photosynthetic cells due to its fast growth rate, many similarities in cellular processes to land plants, simple and sequenced genome, and ample genetic and genomics resources. Chlamydomonas grows in light by photosynthesis and with externally supplied acetate as an organic carbon source. Understanding how organic carbon sources affect heat responses is important for the algal industry but remains understudied. We cultivated wild-type Chlamydomonas under highly controlled conditions in photobioreactors at 25 °C (control), 35 °C (moderate high temperature), or 40 °C (acute high temperature) with or without constant acetate supply for 1 or 4 day. Treatment at 35 °C increased algal growth with constant acetate supply but reduced algal growth without sufficient acetate. The overlooked and dynamic effects of 35 °C could be explained by induced acetate uptake and metabolism. Heat treatment at 40 °C for more than 2 day was lethal to algal cultures with or without constant acetate supply. Our findings provide insights to understand algal heat responses and help improve thermotolerance in photosynthetic cells.
Linking photosynthesis and yield reveals a strategy to improve light use efficiency in a climbing bean breeding population
Authors: Keller Beat , Soto Jonatan , Steier Angelina , Portilla-Benavides Ana Elisabeth , Raatz Bodo , Studer Bruno , Walter Achim , Muller Onno , Urban Milan O 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Photosynthesis drives plant physiology, biomass accumulation, and yield. Photosynthetic efficiency, specifically the operating efficiency of PSII (Fq'/Fm'), is highly responsive to actual growth conditions, especially to fluctuating photosynthetic photon fluence rate (PPFR). Under field conditions, plants constantly balance energy uptake to optimize growth. The dynamic regulation complicates the quantification of cumulative photochemical energy uptake based on the intercepted solar energy, its transduction into biomass, and the identification of efficient breeding lines. Here, we show significant effects on biomass related to genetic variation in photosynthetic efficiency of 178 climbing bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) lines. Under fluctuating conditions, the Fq'/Fm' was monitored throughout the growing period using hand-held and automated chlorophyll fluorescence phenotyping. The seasonal response of Fq'/Fm' to PPFR (ResponseG:PPFR) achieved significant correlations with biomass and yield, ranging from 0.33 to 0.35 and from 0.22 to 0.31 in two glasshouse and three field trials, respectively. Phenomic yield prediction outperformed genomic predictions for new environments in four trials under different growing conditions. Investigating genetic control over photosynthesis, one single nucleotide polymorphism (Chr09_37766289_13052) on chromosome 9 was significantly associated with ResponseG:PPFR in proximity to a candidate gene controlling chloroplast thylakoid formation. In conclusion, photosynthetic screening facilitates and accelerates selection for high yield potential.
New molecular components that regulate the transcriptional hub in root hairs: coupling environmental signals with endogenous hormones to coordinate growth
Authors: Lopez Leonel E , Chuah Yu Song , Encina Felipe , Carignani Sardoy Mariana , Berdion Gabarain Victoria , Mutwil Marek , Estevez José M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Root hairs have become an important model system for studying plant growth, and in particular how plants modulate their growth in response to cell-intrinsic and environmental stimuli. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the growth of Arabidopsis root hairs in the interface between responses to environmental cues (e.g. nutrients such as nitrates and phosphate, and microorganisms) and hormonal stimuli (e.g. auxin). Growth of root hairs is under the control of several transcription factors that are also under strong regulation at different levels. We highlight recent new discoveries along these transcriptional pathways that might have the potential to increase our capacity to enhance nutrient uptake by the roots in the context of abiotic stresses. We use the text-mining capacities of the PlantConnectome database to generate an up-to-date view of root hairs growth within these complex biological contexts.
A 15-Year Longitudinal Study of Body Composition in Finnish Military Divers
Authors: Lundell Richard V , Saarelainen Ray , Parkkola Kai I , Wuorimaa Tomi K 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Finnish military divers perform a great variety of tasks all year round, all of which require good physical health and fitness. Poor physical fitness can hinder the ability to cope with different situations. A high body fat percentage has been suggested to increase the risk of decompression sickness, whereas low muscle mass has been associated with an increased risk of musculoskeletal disorders and trauma. However, a low-fat composition may render divers vulnerable to cold and hypothermia during a dive in cold Arctic conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate possible changes in body composition of Finnish military divers during a 15-year follow-up period (2007-2021).

Materials and Methods
We used body composition measures from military divers’ fit-to-dive evaluations from the Finnish Defence Forces’ Diving Medical Centre. Measurements were taken with two bioimpedance devices that function based on the electrical conductivity properties of the human body. The data from both devices were compared with Bland–Altman plots to show that the devices produced congruent data and the results from both devices could be included in the study. Possible changes in body composition were evaluated with a linear mixed model with random intercepts and slopes for each variable.

Results
Results from the two bioimpedance devices showed no significant differences. This allowed us to combine the results in the same data analysis. There were no apparent differences in the age of the divers between the years during the follow-up. The majority of the divers were between 25 and 30 years of age. Age correlated significantly with most measures, the clinically most significant being a higher fat percentage in older divers. However, all measures were within target values defined by the Diving Medical Centre. The divers were able to retain sufficient muscle mass in all age groups.

Discussion and Conclusions
According to this study, Finnish military divers have managed to maintain a surprisingly good muscle mass in all age groups despite body composition changes due to aging in older subjects. A slight increase in fat mass can be observed with increasing age; nevertheless, the values have remained within fit-to-dive target levels. The current training routines of Finnish military divers are adequate for maintaining solid physical fitness and body composition over the course of the diving career.
William Carlos Williams
Authors: Steinman Lisa M. 
Published: October 2023

William Carlos Williams (b. 1883–d. 1963) is now recognized as an American poet who was a major influence on later poetry in English, especially on American poetry, although his reputation during his lifetime grew slowly. He also wrote plays, novels, short stories, translations, essays, and an autobiography. Often characterized as an early Imagist poet, who knew Ezra Pound and Hilda Doolittle (H.D.)—both also associated with Imagism—from their time together at the University of Pennsylvania, Williams equally experimented with other poetic styles, inspired by early-20th-century modernist movements in literature and the visual art including Dada, Cubism, Surrealism, and Precisionism. The number of genres and styles at which Williams tried his hand make it difficult to characterize his literary work or legacy succinctly. The son of an English father and a Puerto Rican mother who emigrated from Puerto Rico to the United States and settled in Rutherford, New Jersey, to raise their family, Williams grew up in a household where English, Spanish, and French were spoken; he attended secondary school outside Geneva, Switzerland, from 1897 through 1899. He then studied at the Horace Mann School in New York and entered the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, graduating in 1906, following which he interned in New York and studied pediatrics in Leipzig, Germany. While Williams is accurately associated with championing the local—including in his writing details of his life and work in his home town, to which he returned to set up a practice as a doctor working with patients who were often poor, immigrants, or minorities—Williams was not provincial. He knew German along with Spanish, French, and English; he was active in arts communities in the New York City area, and he edited or coedited a number of small arts magazines even as he earned his living as a doctor. His first two books of poetry—the self-published Poems (1909) and The Tempers (1913)—were not particularly notable or noticed, although by the time he published Al Que Quiere! (1917), Kora in Hell: Improvisations (1920), Sour Grapes (1921), The Great American Novel, and Spring and All (the last two both in 1923) his work attracted more attention, even if it was still at first not widely known. By 1963, he had published forty-nine books and pamphlets, won a National Book Award, and was posthumously awarded both a Pulitzer Prize and the Gold Medal of the National Institute of Arts and Letters.
The Landscape of US and Global Rare Tumor Research Programs: A Systematic Review
Authors: Vivelo Christina , Reilly Karlyne M , Widemann Brigitte C , Wedekind Mary Frances , Painter Corrie , O’Neill Allison F , Mueller Sabine , Elemento Olivier , Gross Andrea M , Sandler Abby B 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Rare cancers and other rare nonmalignant tumors comprise 25% of all cancer diagnoses and account for 25% of all cancer deaths. They are difficult to study due to many factors, including infrequent occurrence, lack of a universal infrastructure for data and/or tissue collection, and a paucity of disease models to test potential treatments. For each individual rare cancer, the limited number of diagnosed cases makes it difficult to recruit sufficient patients for clinical studies, and rare cancer research studies are often siloed. As a result, progress has been slow for many of these cancers. While rare cancer research efforts have increased over time, the breadth of the research landscape is not known. A recent literature search revealed a sharp increase in rare tumor, and rare cancer publications began in the early 2000s. To identify rare cancer research efforts being conducted in the US and globally, we conducted an online search of rare tumor/rare cancer research programs and identified 76 programs. To gain a deeper understanding of these programs, we composed and conducted a survey to ask programs for details about their research efforts. Of the 42 programs contacted to complete the survey, 23 programs responded. Survey results show most programs are collecting clinical data, molecular data, and biospecimens, and many are conducting molecular analyses. This landscape analysis demonstrates that multiple rare cancer research efforts are ongoing, and the rare cancer community may benefit from collaboration among stakeholders to accelerate research and improve patient outcomes.
Stretched grid? Managing data center energy demand and grid capacity
Authors: Mytton David , Ashtine Masaō , Wheeler Scot , Wallom David 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Data centers are a crucial component of information technology systems because they provide a cost-effective, reliable, and secure location for the computer equipment that powers most, if not all, the services we use daily. However, their load-heavy utilization profile combined with a concentration of data centers within a few geographic areas is placing pressure on available electricity distribution network operator capacity, making it difficult to balance varying stakeholder needs. As more data centers are built, competing with other users like housing projects and electric vehicle (EV) charging, how should the energy system change to accommodate these evolving uses?
Migration and Industry
Authors: Tumbe Chinmay 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the role of immigration in fostering entrepreneurship, innovation, and diaspora networks from a historical perspective, with specific case studies drawn from four sectors—textiles, construction, diamonds, and information technology. Immigration has been crucial in creating and sustaining several industries while transnational connections have enabled the diffusion of industries across the world and facilitated international and intra-industry trade. Migration networks and histories, preferences of native workers, demographic shifts, and legislations are important factors that explain why some industries have a higher share of immigrants than others. Immigration is also prone to political backlash based on cultural and economic anxieties that often pit governments against industries in governing international mobility. Immigration is thus closely linked with industry dynamics in major destination countries such as the US, Western Europe, and the Persian Gulf countries, as well as major source regions such as India and China.