bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polaritonic response theory for exact and approximate wave functions
Authors: Castagnola Matteo , Riso Rosario Roberto , Barlini Alberto , Ronca Enrico , Koch Henrik 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPolaritonic chemistry is an interdisciplinary emerging field that presents several challenges and opportunities in chemistry, physics, and engineering. A systematic review of polaritonic response theory is presented, following a chemical perspective based on molecular response theory. We provide the reader with a general strategy for developing response theory for ab initio cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) methods and critically emphasize details that still need clarification and require cooperation between the physical and chemistry communities. We show that several well‐established results can be applied to strong coupling light‐matter systems, leading to novel perspectives on the computation of matter and photonic properties. The application of the Pauli–Fierz Hamiltonian to polaritons is discussed, focusing on the effects of describing operators in different mathematical representations. We thoroughly examine the most common approximations employed in ab initio QED, such as the dipole approximation. We introduce the polaritonic response equations for the recently developed ab initio QED Hartree–Fock and QED coupled cluster methods. The discussion focuses on the similarities and differences from standard quantum chemistry methods, providing practical equations for computing the polaritonic properties.This article is categorized under:
Electronic Structure Theory > Ab Initio Electronic Structure Methods
Theoretical and Physical Chemistry > Spectroscopy
Software > Quantum Chemistry
Kardiale Xenotransplantation in Deutschland
Authors: Kamla Christine-Elena , Längin Matthias , Reichart Bruno , Wolf Eckhard , Denner Joachim , Abicht Jan-Michael , Marckmann Georg , Brenner Paolo , Blesse Stefan , Michel Sebastian , Hagl Christian 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungEines der größten Probleme der deutschen Transplantationsmedizin ist der eklatante Organmangel. Insbesondere Spenderherzen sind Mangelware, und zahlreiche schwer kranke Patienten versterben auf der Warteliste für ein neues Herz. Zu den alternativen Therapiemöglichkeiten der terminalen Herzinsuffizienz gehört neben der allogenen Transplantation die Implantation eines ventrikulären Unterstützungssystems, dessen Langzeitanwendung jedoch mit schwerwiegenden Komplikationen vergesellschaftet ist und das auch nicht für jeden Patienten infrage kommt. Daher rückt insbesondere in diesem Bereich die Transplantation xenogener Organe, in diesem Fall von genmodifizierten Schweinen, immer mehr in den Fokus der Wissenschaft. Im März 2023 fand ein Treffen zum Thema „kardiale Xenotransplantation“ statt, an dem Vertreter zahlreicher Transplantationszentren Deutschlands teilnahmen. Dieser Beitrag stellt eine Übersicht aller angesprochenen Themen dar, u. a. der notwendigen präklinischen Vorbereitungen, der Indikationen, der Limitationen und der geltenden Regularien.
Deutsch-türkische Investitionsbeziehungen in Krisenzeiten – Handlungsmöglichkeiten für Unternehmen und unterstützende Organisationen
Authors: Völlers Philip , Verfürth Philip , Franz Martin 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Türkei hat sich seit den wirtschaftspolitischen Reformen der 2000er-Jahre zu einem wachstumsstarken, aber auch krisenanfälligen Investitionsstandort entwickelt. Andauernde wirtschaftspolitische Krisen und daraus resultierende institutionelle Unsicherheiten führen zunehmend zu einer Neubewertung von Direktinvestitionen in der Türkei durch Unternehmen aus dem Ausland. Dies betrifft auch deutsche Unternehmen, die zu den wichtigsten ausländischen Investoren in der Türkei zählen. In diesem Beitrag wird untersucht, wie es deutschen Unternehmen in der Türkei gelingt, sich möglichst resilient gegenüber Krisensituationen in der Türkei zu positionieren. Die Ausführungen beruhen auf Interviews mit 32 Manager*innen deutscher Unternehmen in der Türkei und Experten*innen, die im deutsch-türkischen Wirtschaftskontext tätig sind. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass krisenresiliente Unternehmen über enge Netzwerkstrukturen zu anderen Unternehmen und politischen Entscheidungsträger*innen vor Ort sowie meist über interkulturelle Managementteams im Unternehmen verfügen. Aus den empirischen Ergebnissen werden Handlungsempfehlungen für Unternehmen und unterstützende Organisationen abgeleitet. Das Fallbeispiel deutscher Unternehmen in der Türkei liefert Einblicke in das strategische Verhalten von Unternehmen in einem von Krisen geprägten Marktumfeld.
Blue and UV light-emitting diodes (LEDs) disturb the greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) from its host
Authors: Athanasiadou Maria , Meyhöfer Rainer 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPush–pull strategy is a well-known and widely used technique for integrated pest management, leading to the reduction of insecticides. This strategy involves the use of mostly visual and chemical stimuli to repel pests from a valuable crop (push) and attract them to an appealing target, e.g., a trap, (pull). Based on former results, this study explored the effect of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as repelling factors of whiteflies (push). Wavelengths of blue and ultraviolet (UV) were investigated in different light intensities and exposure times in no-choice experiments, under controlled conditions. Whiteflies were exposed directly to LEDs on the underside of tomato leaves and number of repelled insects was counted. The results showed that light intensity and insect repellency were positively related. Insect repellency increased up to tenfold with longer light exposure period. Wavelength of blue and combination of blue + UV repelled more than 87% of whiteflies in light conditions. In darkness, results were only slightly different. The results reveal the property of blue light to repel whiteflies from its host and that addition of UV to blue enhances this effect. They further demonstrate that whitefly vision is dependent on wavelength, light intensity and exposure period. The contribution of the results on understanding the visual behavior of whiteflies and their possible implementation on pest control strategies is discussed.
The Longitudinal Interplay between Adverse Peer Experiences and Self-Regulation Facets: A Prospective Analysis during Middle Childhood
Authors: Westermann Nele , Busching Robert , Klein Annette M. , Warschburger Petra 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPositive peer experiences and self-regulation (SR) skills are crucial for children's healthy development, but little is known about how they interact during middle childhood. Therefore, we examined the prospective links between adverse peer experiences (APEs) and SR, drawing from the dataset of the PIER study. Across three measurement points, 1654 children aged 6–11 (T1), 7–11 (T2), and 9–13 years (T3) were included. We assessed the SR facets updating, flexibility, inhibition, emotional reactivity, inhibitory control, and planning using computerized tasks, parent- and teacher-reports. The latent variable of APEs consisted of measures of peer victimization and peer rejection assessed via self-, parent-, and teacher-report. Separate cross-lagged panel models were calculated, investigating the interplay of each SR facet and APEs. Results indicated that experiencing more APEs at T1 predicted higher emotional reactivity, and lower inhibition, inhibitory control, updating, and flexibility at T2. More APEs at T2 predicted higher emotional reactivity and lower planning at T3. Lower inhibition, updating, and flexibility at T2 predicted more APEs at T3. Accordingly, we found a negative bidirectional relationship between inhibition, updating, and flexibility with APEs. Our findings highlight that during middle childhood more APEs predict lower SR, which in turn predicts more experiences of peer victimization and rejection.
Long-distance dispersal drives the genetic variation and historical demography of Quercus magnoliifolia and Quercus resinosa (Fagaceae) in the Mexican highlands
Authors: Albarrán-Lara Ana , Ochoa-Zavala Maried , Torres-Miranda Andres , De-la-Cruz Ivan M. , Dávila-Aranda Patricia , Peñaloza-Ramírez Juan M. , Rodríguez-Correa Hernando , Oyama Ken 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWhile hybridization and introgression can have a strong adaptive importance, it can impede divergence of species. Quercus magnoliifolia and Q. resinosa are two endemic oak species distributed across the Mexican highlands. These species diverged ecological and morphologically; however, no nuclear genetic differentiation is evident. In this study, we determined the mechanisms that shape patterns of genetic variation and establish the role of migration and hybridization in the evolutionary history of these two oak species. To do this, Bayesian approaches were used for inference on migration rates and directionality and timing of divergence between species using chloroplast microsatellites. We then integrated species distribution models to infer the geographic distribution of Q. magnoliifolia and Q. resinosa during Last Interglacial, Last Glacial Maximum, and Mid-Holocene time frames. We failed in distinguishing a unique genetic composition for each species. Chloroplast differentiation was more congruent with geography than the taxonomic status of each species. Our study revealed that after the divergence (c. 10 Mya) of these two oak species, high rates of introgression took place at the end of the Pleistocene. Furthermore, past distribution models predicted that Q. magnoliifolia and Q. resinosa have likely been in sympatry presumable since Last Glacial Maximum and Q. resinosa probably expanded geographically towards its current distribution around Mid-Holocene. This expansion was supported by testing migration models, suggesting recent establishment of Q. resinosa to the north of Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. We hypothesized that after Q. magnoliifolia and Q. resinosa diverged, colonization events followed by hybridization between oaks and long-distance seed dispersal occurred, explaining the present-day patterns of distribution of chloroplast diversity. We propose that divergence of species remains mainly on loci under natural selection, providing evidence on the “porous” nature of species boundaries among oaks.
Associations of measured and genetically predicted leukocyte telomere length with vascular phenotypes: a population-based study
Authors: Liu Dan , Aziz N. Ahmad , Imtiaz Mohammed Aslam , Pehlivan Gökhan , Breteler Monique M. B. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractShorter leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is associated with cardiovascular dysfunction. Whether this association differs between measured and genetically predicted LTL is still unclear. Moreover, the molecular processes underlying the association remain largely unknown. We used baseline data of the Rhineland Study, an ongoing population-based cohort study in Bonn, Germany [56.2% women, age: 55.5 ± 14.0 years (range 30 – 95 years)]. We calculated genetically predicted LTL in 4180 participants and measured LTL in a subset of 1828 participants with qPCR. Using multivariable regression, we examined the association of measured and genetically predicted LTL, and the difference between measured and genetically predicted LTL (ΔLTL), with four vascular functional domains and the overall vascular health. Moreover, we performed epigenome-wide association studies of three LTL measures. Longer measured LTL was associated with better microvascular and cardiac function. Longer predicted LTL was associated with better cardiac function. Larger ΔLTL was associated with better microvascular and cardiac function and overall vascular health, independent of genetically predicted LTL. Several CpGs were associated (p < 1e-05) with measured LTL (n = 5), genetically predicted LTL (n = 8), and ΔLTL (n = 27). Genes whose methylation status was associated with ΔLTL were enriched in vascular endothelial signaling pathways and have been linked to environmental exposures, cardiovascular diseases, and mortality. Our findings suggest that non-genetic causes of LTL contribute to microvascular and cardiac function and overall vascular health, through an effect on the vascular endothelial signaling pathway. Interventions that counteract LTL may thus improve vascular function.
Ubiquitination of ASCL1 mediates CD47 transcriptional activation of the AKT signaling pathway, and glycolysis promotes osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs
Authors: Zhang Jimei , Zhu Ling , Zhou Jianping , Yu Qunying , Yang Guangyuan , Zhao Ke , Luo Chaoli , Meng Jianguo , Liu Jing , Yang Xuming 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBones are extremely dynamic organs that continually develop and remodel. This process involves changes in numerous gene expressions. hBMSC cells can promote osteogenic differentiation. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the mechanism by which ASCL1 promotes osteogenic differentiation in hBMSC cells while decreasing glycolysis. hBMSCs were induced to differentiate into osteoblasts. The ASCL1 expression level during hBMSC osteogenic differentiation was measured by RT‒qPCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence. The differentiation level of osteoblasts was observed after staining with ALP and alizarin red. ChIP-qPCR were used to determine the relationship between ASCL1 and CD47, and the expression of glycolysis-related proteins was detected. Overexpression of ASCL1 was used to determine its impact on osteogenic differentiation. si-USP8 was used to verify the ubiquitination of ASCL1-mediated CD47/AKT pathway’s impact on hBMSC glycolysis and osteogenic differentiation. The results showed that the expression of ASCL1 was upregulated after the induction of osteogenic differentiation in hBMSCs. From a functional perspective, knocking down USP8 can promote the ubiquitination of ASCL1, while the osteogenic differentiation ability of hBMSCs was improved after the overexpression of ASCL1, indicating that ASCL1 can promote the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. In addition, USP8 regulates the ubiquitination level of ASCL1 and mediates CD47 transcriptional regulation of the AKT pathway to increase the glycolysis level of hBMSCs and cell osteogenic differentiation. USP8 ubiquitination regulates the level of ASCL1. In addition, ubiquitination of ASCL1 mediates CD47 transcription to activate the AKT signaling pathway and increase hBMSC glycolysis to promote osteogenic differentiation.
Slurry Jet Erosion Resistance of VC-Containing Tool Steels: the Role of the Carbide Volume Fraction
Authors: Zambrano O. A. , Tufa Kidus Yoseph , Jiang Jiaren 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTool steels are well known to have superior strength and are claimed to have superior wear resistance than conventional steels in several scenarios. However, their behavior under slurry erosion conditions have been seldom studied. To this end, a set of tool steels, primarily from the CPM yV (y = 1, 3, 9, 10, 15) alloy family, was selected to understand the effect of hardness and vanadium carbide content on the slurry jet erosion (SJE) performance at different impingement angles. It was observed that the SJE resistance increases with the increase in the vanadium carbide volume fraction, but is independent of alloy hardness.
Ultrasound assessment of muscle mass and correlation with clinical outcomes in critically ill patients: a prospective observational study
Authors: Guzmán-David Cristian Arvey , Ruiz-Ávila Héctor Andrés , Camargo-Rojas Diana Alexandra , Gómez-Alegría Claudio Jaime , Hernández-Álvarez Edgar Debray 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Muscular atrophy implies structural and functional alterations related to muscular force production and movement. This condition has been reported to be the main reason for generalized muscle weakness; it reflects the severity of the disease and can have a profound impact on short- and long-term clinical outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether muscle atrophy ultrasound parameters early predict muscle weakness, morbidity, or 28-days mortality.

Methods
This was a prospective, observational single center cohort study. Ultrasound was used to determine the cross-sectional area and muscle thickness of the rectus femoris on the first and third day of ICU stay. The main outcome was the incidence of significant muscle atrophy (≥ 10%).

Results
Ultrasound measurements were made in 31 patients, 58% (18/31) of which showed significant muscle atrophy. The relative loss of muscle mass per day was 1.78 at 5% per day. The presence of muscle atrophy presents increased risk for limb muscle weakness and handgrip weakness. The 28-days mortality rate was similar in both subgroups.

Conclusion
The presence of muscle atrophy presents an increased clinical risk for the development of limb ICUAW and handgrip, although these observations were not statistically significant. The results could be used to plan future studies on this topic.
Discrete Quantum Kinetic Equation
Authors: Bernhoff Niclas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA semi-classical approach to the study of the evolution of bosonic or fermionic excitations is through the Nordheim—Boltzmann- or, Uehling—Uhlenbeck—equation, also known as the quantum Boltzmann equation. In some low ranges of temperatures—e.g., in the presence of a Bose condensate—also other types of collision operators may render in essential contributions. Therefore, extended— or, even other—collision operators are to be considered as well. This work concerns a discretized version—a system of partial differential equations—of such a quantum equation with an extended collision operator. Trend to equilibrium is studied for a planar stationary system, as well as the spatially homogeneous system. Some essential properties of the linearized operator are proven, implying that results for general half-space problems for the discrete Boltzmann equation can be applied. A more general collision operator is also introduced, and similar results are obtained also for this general equation.
Theatre-based techniques for enhancing creativity in engineering education: An evaluation study of the creativity academy program
Authors: He Hao , Glaser Noah , AlZoubi Dana , Mendoza K. Rende , Hunt Heather K. , Burgoyne Suzanne 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn response to the underemphasis on creativity in college engineering education and the limited knowledge and skills of early-career engineering faculty to nurture students’ creativity, the Creativity Academy was designed as a faculty development program. Using theatre-based approaches, the program aimed to train early-career engineering faculty members to incorporate creativity into their classrooms. Two research questions were addressed: how faculty incorporate creativity after participating in the Creativity Academy and how students perceive faculty integration of creativity into their classes. Interviews were conducted with ten early-career engineering faculty members who participated in the training, as well as focus group interviews with each faculty participant’s students. Results indicated that faculty participants mastered at least two creativity-fostering exercises to apply in their teaching, revised their syllabi, and incorporated these exercises to engage students and develop their creativity. Students confirmed the changes in their professors’ teaching practices and expressed excitement. The study concludes that providing more opportunities for engineering students to develop creativity is essential, and the implications of the findings are discussed with suggestions for future Creativity Academy programs.
Demographic representation among speakers at the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) spring conferences
Authors: Wiley Zanthia , Kalu Ibukunoluwa C. , Lyden Elizabeth , Cichon Catherine J. , Abdul-Mutakabbir Jacinda C. , Herskovitz Jonathan , Marcelin Jasmine R. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground:The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) is a leading medical society for infection prevention and antibiotic stewardship. This descriptive study evaluated speaker demographics at the annual SHEA Spring conferences from 2019 to 2022.Methods:This was a retrospective, descriptive analysis of the demographic composition of speakers at the annual SHEA Spring conferences between 2019 and 2022, excluding the cancelled 2020 conference. Self-reported demographics were available for gender, race, ethnicity, age, primary practice setting, and professional degrees in speaker and membership categories.Results:In total, 447 speaker slots were filled by 305 unique speakers over 3 years. Average annual membership included 55.2% female, 44.8% male, 69.3% White, 21.4% Asian, 6.0% Hispanic/Latino, 2.9% Black, and 0.4% American Indian/Alaska Native or Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (AIAN/NHPI); 48.9% did not report a race or ethnicity. Speakers during the same period were 63.5% female, 36.5% male, 68.2% White, 13.3% Asian, 3.8% Black, 3.4% Hispanic/Latino, 0.8% AIAN/NHPI; 13.4% did not report race or ethnicity. In 2021, pharmacists represented 11.6% of speakers (and 2.9% of members) and members with nondoctoral degrees represented 11.6% of speakers (and 21.5% of members) (P < .0001). In each year, we detected underrepresentation of community and private-practice speakers relative to membership (eg, in 2022, 4.3% of speakers vs 15.7% of members; P < .05).Conclusions:The SHEA Spring conferences demonstrated an increase in pharmacist speakers over time, but speakers from community hospitals and with nondoctoral degrees remain underrepresented relative to membership. Racial and ethnic minoritized individuals remain underrepresented as members and speakers. Intentional interventions are needed to consistently achieve equitable speaker representation across multiple demographic groups.
Optimal stopping methodology for the secretary problem with random queries
Authors: Moustakides George V. , Liu Xujun , Milenkovic Olgica 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCandidates arrive sequentially for an interview process which results in them being ranked relative to their predecessors. Based on the ranks available at each time, a decision mechanism must be developed that selects or dismisses the current candidate in an effort to maximize the chance of selecting the best. This classical version of the ‘secretary problem’ has been studied in depth, mostly using combinatorial approaches, along with numerous other variants. We consider a particular new version where, during reviewing, it is possible to query an external expert to improve the probability of making the correct decision. Unlike existing formulations, we consider experts that are not necessarily infallible and may provide suggestions that can be faulty. For the solution of our problem we adopt a probabilistic methodology and view the querying times as consecutive stopping times which we optimize with the help of optimal stopping theory. For each querying time we must also design a mechanism to decide whether or not we should terminate the search at the querying time. This decision is straightforward under the usual assumption of infallible experts, but when experts are faulty it has a far more intricate structure.