bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
comparison of gold nanoparticles effectiveness in 2D and 3D cell culture.
Authors: Musielak Marika , Szymkowiak Barbara , Boś-Liedke Agnieszka 
Published: October 2023

Tworzenie hodowli komórkowych w celach naukowych umożliwiła uzyskanie nowej wiedzy, a w konsekwencji dokonania odkryć w zakresie biologii komórki czy biofizyki. Badania in vitro pozwalają na obserwację linii komórkowych, a także interakcji z wprowadzonymi substancjami lub materiałami. Mają one nieoceniony wkład w rozwój nanomedycyny, która współcześnie cieszy się dużym zainteresowaniem. Szczególnie popularne i obiecujące, zwłaszcza pod względem walki z nowotworami, są nanocząstki złota (ang. gold nanoparticles, GNPs). Dzieje się tak, ze względu na specyficzne (m.in. elektryczne, magnetyczne, optyczne, mechaniczne) właściwości nanocząstek, znacznie różniących się od złota w skali makro. Niestety, wyniki badań in vitro bywają czasem niezgodne z przeprowadzonymi badaniami in vivo. Nanocząstki, które sprawdzają się na płaszczyźnie komórkowej nie zawsze tak samo efektywnie działają na modelach zwierzęcych. Przyczyną tego faktu jest wielorakość złożonych procesów metabolicznych, zachodzących w organizmie podczas badań in vivo. Większość badań komórkowych wykonuje się na strukturach dwuwymiarowych, które odzwierciedlają rzeczywiste warunki w sposób przybliżony. Aktualnie, żadna z technik in vitro nie jest w stanie odzwierciedlić identycznych fizjologicznych warunków panujących w modelach zwierzęcych. Jednakże, współczesna nauka potrafi odwzorowywać je w sposób precyzyjniejszy używając hodowli trójwymiarowej (ang. 3-dimentional, 3D), która jest o wiele bardziej złożona. Projektując nowe badania należy wziąć pod uwagę wady i zalety każdej z wymienionych metod hodowli komórkowej. Niniejsza praca ma na celu przedstawienie różnic między hodowlą komórkową dwuwymiarową, a trójwymiarową z uwzględnieniem zastosowania nanocząstek złota.
Tools to Evaluate the Eco-efficiency of Analytical Methods in the Context of
Green and White Analytical Chemistry: A Review
Authors: Sinzervinch Aline , Torres Ieda Maria Sapateiro , Kogawa Ana Carolina 
Published: October 2023

Background:
The release of a product in the consumer market requires an analysis by quality control.
This sector makes use of reliable analytical methods, by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC),
spectrophotometry in the ultraviolet and visible regions (UV-Vis), spectrophotometry in the infrared region
(IR) or thin layer chromatography (TLC), for example, to reach a result. The analysis conditions of most
of these analytical methods currently still use toxic reagents, generate a greater amount of waste, sample preparation
has more steps, the need for instrumentation and consumables in greater quantity, generating a cost and
impact on health and the environment greater than if there were adoption of the Green Analytical Chemistry
(GAC) and the White Analytical Chemistry (WAC).

Objective/Methods:
The objective of this review is to show the relationship of analytical choices for current
pharmaceutical analyzes with the GAC and the WAC.

Results:
Analytical methods can be evaluated for greenness and whiteness using tools such as the National Environmental
Method Index (NEMI), Eco-Scale Assessment (ESA), Analytical Greenness Metric (AGREE)
and Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI).

Conclusion:
The use of NEMI, ESA, AGREE and GAPI tools brings the objective evidence needed to discuss
the greenness and whiteness of an analytical method, leaving the subjective level. Furthermore, semi or quantitative
data facilitate the choice of an analytical method and its conditions, when the target is the concern with
eco-efficiency.
Modulation of Plant MicroRNA Expression: Its Potential Usability in
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Improvement
Authors: Lopos Louie Cris , Panthi Urbashi , Kovalchuk Igor , Bilichak Andriy 
Published: October 2023

Abstract:
Wheat, a crucial crop for the pursuit of food security, is faced with a plateauing yield projected
to fall short of meeting the demands of the exponentially increasing human population. To raise
global wheat productivity levels, strong efforts must be made to overcome the problems of (1) climate
change-induced heat and drought stress and (2) the genotype-dependent amenability of wheat to tissue
culture, which limits the success of recovering genetically engineered plants, especially in elite cultivars.
Unfortunately, the mainstream approach of genetically engineering plant protein-coding genes
may not be effective in solving these problems as it is difficult to map, annotate, functionally verify,
and modulate all existing homeologs and paralogs within wheat’s large, complex, allohexaploid genome.
Additionally, the quantitative, multi-genic nature of most agronomically important traits furthers
the complications faced by this approach. miRNAs are small, noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) that
repress gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, regulating various aspects of plant growth and
development. They are gaining popularity as alternative targets of genetic engineering efforts for crop
improvement due to their (1) highly conserved nature, which facilitates reasonable prediction of their
gene targets and phenotypic effects under different expression levels, and (2) the capacity to target
multiple genes simultaneously, making them suitable for enhancing complex and multigenic agronomic
traits. In this mini-review, we will discuss the biogenesis, manipulation, and potential applications
of plant miRNAs in improving wheat’s yield, somatic embryogenesis, thermotolerance, and
drought-tolerance in response to the problems of plateauing yield, genotype-dependent amenability to
tissue culture, and susceptibility to climate change-induced heat and drought stress.
Unraveling the Concealed Transcriptomic Landscape of PTEN in Human
Malignancies
Authors: Boti Michaela A. , Adamopoulos Panagiotis G. , Vassilacopoulou Dido , Scorilas Andreas 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Phosphatase and tensin homolog, widely known as PTEN, is a major negative
regulator of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, involved in the regulation of a variety of
important cellular processes, including cell proliferation, growth, survival, and metabolism. Since
most of the molecules involved in this biological pathway have been described as key regulators in
cancer, the study of the corresponding genes at several levels is crucial.

Objective:
Although previous studies have elucidated the physiological role of PTEN under normal
conditions and its involvement in carcinogenesis and cancer progression, the transcriptional profile
of PTEN has been poorly investigated.

Methods:
In this study, instead of conducting the “gold-standard” direct RNA sequencing that fails
to detect less abundant novel mRNAs due to the decreased sequencing depth, we designed and implemented
a multiplexed PTEN-targeted sequencing approach that combined both short- and longread
sequencing.

Results:
Our study has highlighted a broad spectrum of previously unknown PTEN mRNA transcripts
and assessed their expression patterns in a wide range of human cancer and non-cancer cell lines,
shedding light on the involvement of PTEN in cell cycle dysregulation and thus tumor development.

Conclusion:
The identification of the described novel PTEN splice variants could have significant
implications for understanding PTEN regulation and function, and provide new insights into PTEN
biology, opening new avenues for monitoring PTEN-related diseases, including cancer.
Targeting GM2 Ganglioside Accumulation in Dementia: Current Therapeutic Approaches and Future Directions
Authors: Kumar Sanjesh , Panda Siva Prasad 
Published: October 2023

:
Dementia in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease
(AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a
progressive neurological condition affecting millions worldwide. The amphiphilic
molecule GM2 gangliosides are abundant in the human brain and play important roles
in neuronal development, intercellular recognition, myelin stabilization, and signal
transduction. GM2 ganglioside’s degradation requires hexosaminidase A (HexA), a
heterodimer composed of an α subunit encoded by HEXA and a β subunit encoded by
HEXB. The hydrolysis of GM2 also requires a non-enzymatic protein, the GM2
activator protein (GM2-AP), encoded by GM2A. Pathogenic mutations of HEXA,
HEXB, and GM2A are responsible for autosomal recessive diseases known as GM2
gangliosidosis, caused by the excessive intralysosomal accumulation of GM2
gangliosides. In AD, PD and DLB, GM2 ganglioside accumulation is reported to
facilitate Aβ and α-synuclein aggregation into toxic oligomers and plaques through
activation of downstream signaling pathways, such as protein kinase C (PKC) and
oxidative stress factors. This review explored the potential role of GM2 ganglioside
alteration in toxic protein aggregations and its related signaling pathways leading to
neurodegenerative diseases. Further review explored potential therapeutic
approaches, which include synthetic and phytomolecules targeting GM2 ganglioside
accumulation in the brain, holding a promise for providing new and effective
management for dementia.
Herbal Candies: A Potential Source of Health Benefits
Authors: Kailey Rekha , Rasane Prasad , Singh Jyoti , Kaur Sawinder , Gunjal Mahendra , Kaur Jaspreet , Bhadariya Vishesh , Avinashe Harshal 
Published: October 2023

Abstract:
Candy is a popular product consumed by children, young and elderly alike. The major
ingredient sugar makes it an instant source of energy, mostly blended with a variety of flavors and
colors for sensory and aesthetic appeal. Flavors such as caramel, chocolate, peppermint, butterscotch,
and vanilla are the most popular among many, that comprises of more than 2000 kinds. Although
synthetic flavors and colors are predominant, natural sources such as herbs are being increasingly
used. Herbal (made from herbs) products have lesser effects, more therapeutic effects,
and health benefits. The advantages of herbs used in candy manufacturing are safe, with good efficacy,
lower side effect, compatibility with the human body, and wide cultural acceptability. Herbal
candies are used as an efficient delivery system for vitamins, minerals, and numerous bioactive
compounds like anthocyanin, lycopene, ascorbic acid, etc. They are a remedy of choice in
case of cough, sore throat, digestive and stomach problems. The choice of herb often is influenced
based on the target health problem, reduced side effects, availability, and preferences. Apart from
sugar, these candies are also manufactured using sweetening agents. Sugar and sweeteners consumption
is associated with various myths and prejudices owing to increased health concerns. The
review is thus designed to justify various aspects of herbal candy like production process, ingredients,
historical importance, and types of herbal candies, myths, facts and risks, consumer awareness
towards herbal candies. The paper will also draw a roadmap for the future of herbal candy
amongst today’s health-wary consumers.
Study of the Effect of Palmitic Acid on the Expression of Myostatin mRNA
and its Cytotoxic Properties in the Culture of Myoblast Cells and the
Possibility of Exogenous Regulation
Authors: Kukes Vladimir G. , Furalyov Vladimir A. , Gazdanova Albina А. , Parfenova Olga K. , Grishin Dmitry V. , Sidorov Nikita G. 
Published: October 2023

Objective:
To study the cytotoxic effect of palmitic acid on myoblasts in vitro and the
influence of this toxicant on the expression of myostatin mRNA in myoblast culture.

Methods:
To research the protective action against these processes of a compound with antioxidant activity, for which 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine malate (ethoxidol) was chosen.

Results:
Our studies have shown that palmitic acid has a noticeable cytostatic effect on myoblasts
in vitro, significantly suppressing their proliferation: the rate of MTT recovery in myoblasts treated with palmitate was only 9.6% of that rate in control myoblasts. In experiments, it was shown
that palmitic acid slightly activated the expression of myostatin mRNA. At the same time, the
protective effect of 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine malate was not so pronounced.

Conclusion:
The results of our research indicate that the activation of myostatin synthesis is not
one of the main causes of the development of myodystrophy in obese people or people following
a high-lipid diet, while the direct cytotoxic effect of palmitic acid on myoblasts is. It is obvious
that the use of antioxidants such as ethoxide has a protective effect on myoblasts in the experiment and may have a certain potential in clinical practice.
The Readability and Quality of Web-Based Patient Information on Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Quantitative Content Analysis
Authors: Tan Denise Jia Yun , Ko Tsz Ki , Fan Ka Siu 
Published: October 2023

Background
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a rare disease that is strongly associated with exposure to the Epstein-Barr virus and is characterized by the formation of malignant cells in nasopharynx tissues. Early diagnosis of NPC is often difficult owing to the location of initial tumor sites and the nonspecificity of initial symptoms, resulting in a higher frequency of advanced-stage diagnoses and a poorer prognosis. Access to high-quality, readable information could improve the early detection of the disease and provide support to patients during disease management.

Objective
This study aims to assess the quality and readability of publicly available web-based information in the English language about NPC, using the most popular search engines.

Methods
Key terms relevant to NPC were searched across 3 of the most popular internet search engines: Google, Yahoo, and Bing. The top 25 results from each search engine were included in the analysis. Websites that contained text written in languages other than English, required paywall access, targeted medical professionals, or included nontext content were excluded. Readability for each website was assessed using the Flesch Reading Ease score and the Flesch-Kincaid grade level. Website quality was assessed using the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) and DISCERN tools as well as the presence of a Health on the Net Foundation seal.

Results
Overall, 57 suitable websites were included in this study; 26% (15/57) of the websites were academic. The mean JAMA and DISCERN scores of all websites were 2.80 (IQR 3) and 57.60 (IQR 19), respectively, with a median of 3 (IQR 2-4) and 61 (IQR 49-68), respectively. Health care industry websites (n=3) had the highest mean JAMA score of 4 (SD 0). Academic websites (15/57, 26%) had the highest mean DISCERN score of 77.5. The Health on the Net Foundation seal was present on only 1 website, which also achieved a JAMA score of 3 and a DISCERN score of 50. Significant differences were observed between the JAMA score of hospital websites and the scores of industry websites (P=.04), news service websites (P<.048), charity and nongovernmental organization websites (P=.03). Despite being a vital source for patients, general practitioner websites were found to have significantly lower JAMA scores compared with charity websites (P=.05). The overall mean readability scores reflected an average reading age of 14.3 (SD 1.1) years.

Conclusions
The results of this study suggest an inconsistent and suboptimal quality of information related to NPC on the internet. On average, websites presented readability challenges, as written information about NPC was above the recommended reading level of sixth grade. As such, web-based information requires improvement in both quality and accessibility, and healthcare providers should be selective about information recommended to patients, ensuring they are reliable and readable.
A Conference (Missingness in Action) to Address Missingness in Data and AI in Health Care: Qualitative Thematic Analysis
Authors: Rose Christian , Barber Rachel , Preiksaitis Carl , Kim Ireh , Mishra Nikesh , Kayser Kristen , Brown Italo , Gisondi Michael 
Published: October 2023

Background
Missingness in health care data poses significant challenges in the development and implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning solutions. Identifying and addressing these challenges is critical to ensuring the continued growth and accuracy of these models as well as their equitable and effective use in health care settings.

Objective
This study aims to explore the challenges, opportunities, and potential solutions related to missingness in health care data for AI applications through the conduct of a digital conference and thematic analysis of conference proceedings.

Methods
A digital conference was held in September 2022, attracting 861 registered participants, with 164 (19%) attending the live event. The conference featured presentations and panel discussions by experts in AI, machine learning, and health care. Transcripts of the event were analyzed using the stepwise framework of Braun and Clark to identify key themes related to missingness in health care data.

Results
Three principal themes—data quality and bias, human input in model development, and trust and privacy—emerged from the analysis. Topics included the accuracy of predictive models, lack of inclusion of underrepresented communities, partnership with physicians and other populations, challenges with sensitive health care data, and fostering trust with patients and the health care community.

Conclusions
Addressing the challenges of data quality, human input, and trust is vital when devising and using machine learning algorithms in health care. Recommendations include expanding data collection efforts to reduce gaps and biases, involving medical professionals in the development and implementation of AI models, and developing clear ethical guidelines to safeguard patient privacy. Further research and ongoing discussions are needed to ensure these conclusions remain relevant as health care and AI continue to evolve.
Cyberrisiko er en økende trussel – krever ny kunnskap
Authors: Kaarbøe Katarina , Meidell Anita 
Published: October 2023

Verden står akkurat nå i en situasjon der risikohåndtering er mer aktuelt enn på lenge. Virus – både mellom mennesker, men også digitalt skaper sårbarhet som krever at virksomheter må ha systemer for styring og kontroll. Ved Norges Handelshøyskole (NHH) har vi nylig etablert et Center for digital business and audit, som har som mål å øke vår kunnskap knyttet til design og bruk av digitale løsninger for styring og kontroll. Den digitale utviklingen går raskt og innebærer muligheter til å få tilgang på store mengder data som kan deles mellom mange aktører. Dette kan gi muligheter for å ta raskere beslutninger, redusere kostnader og skape nye inntekter gjennom endring i forretningsmodeller. Men utviklingen har også en skyggeside. Ved at informasjon samles, lagres og gjøres tilgjengelig i digitale løsninger, øker også sårbarheten for at informasjon kommer på avveie eller misbrukes. I dette nummeret av Magma retter vi søkelyset mot ulike former for cyberrisiko og hva virksomheter kan gjøre for å øke cybersikkerheten.
STUDI KASUS MASYARAKAT SAMIN BOJONEGORO
Authors: Hazim  , Ardilah Rizka , Asriningputri Julyana Dwikustanti , Ibrahim Galuh Syahrial 
Published: October 2023

Masyarakat Samin adalah salah satu kelompok masyarakat yang masih mampu memertahankan identitas dirinya di tengah tempaan arus teknologi informasi belakangan ini. Keunikan tersebut yang membuat peneliti tertarik untuk menggali lebih mendalam tentang kearifan lokal mereka serta pendekatan yang dilakukan dalam merawat dan memertahankan nilai budayanya. Metode penelitian ini adalah kualitatif melalui pendekatan etnografi. Pengumpulan data diperoleh melalui observasi partisipatif, wawancara, dan studi dokumen. Temuan investigasi menunjukkan bahwa mereka memiliki nilai budaya lokal yang dikenal dengan “Pitutur Luhur”. Ajaran ini diwariskan dari generasi ke generasi melalui sumber daya pendidikan Samin yang secara konsisten dilestarikan hingga saat ini. Meski demikian, penelitian ini masih memiliki keterbatasan yang perlu mendapatkan perhatian peneliti berikutnya. Isu yang lepas dari perhatian peneliti antara lain adalah menyangkut akulturasi budaya antara masyarakat Samin dengan masyarakat lain di luar mereka karena interaksi mereka dengan komunitas lain semakin intensif belakangan ini.
Sobre las suertes. Sobre el juicio de los astros.
Authors: De Aquino Tomás , Medina Delgadillo Jorge , Castro Manzano José Martín 
Published: October 2023

Recibido: 14/06/2018Aceptado: 21/11/2018Tanto el Liber de sortibus como el De iudiciis astrorum, opúsculos de Tomás de Aquino, tratan sobre el problema de las suertes: su etiología, su tipología, su eficacia y utilidad así como la moralidad de su uso. La vida humana está llena de eventos que nos parecen casuales; algunos de ellos, sin embargo, conociendo el curso de los astros o la conducta de algunos animales, pueden preverse con cierto grado de certeza; otros son del todo imprevisibles. En ambos casos, el ser humano ha recurrido a las suertes; y así tenemos que, por poner algunos ejemplos, para establecer un orden se recurre a los dados, o para repartir una tierra se mira el vuelo de las aves. Pero, ¿cuál es la eficacia de estas acciones? ¿La suerte tiene también límites? ¿En qué casos es justo recurrir a las suertes y en qué casos no? ¿Hacer uso de las suertes es siempre supersticioso o hay algunas circunstancias que avalan o hasta justifican su uso como una última instancia razonable para decidir ante situaciones límite?Estas y otras preguntas son tratadas con la maestría y rigor intelectual que caracterizan a Tomás de Aquino quien, valiéndose de la noción de ens per accidens de Aristóteles y siguiendo muy de cerca la hermenéutica bíblica de Agustín y de otros Padres de la Iglesia, escribirá estos opúsculos que verdaderamente son un brillante ejercicio metafísico de lo cotidiano. Jorge Medina Delgadillo y José Martín Castro Manzano introducen, anotan y traducen ambos opúsculos, ofreciéndonos una nueva versión bilingüe respaldada por un atractivo trabajo crítico.
Sobre la reformación del carácter en la obra de Aristóteles
Authors: Ramos-Umaña Leonardo 
Published: October 2023

Recibido: 24/07/2018Aceptado: 21/11/2018De cara a la cuestión de la reformación del carácter en la ética aristotélica, el propósito de este escrito es doble: primero, defender que para el Estagirita es imposible la reformación por propia iniciativa y por acciones voluntarias, es decir, no puede ser el caso que un agente con un carácter moral establecido (virtuoso o vicioso) quiera o pueda realizar las acciones necesarias para lograr el carácter contrario; segundo, explicar por qué la reformación del carácter sólo es posible gracias a la injerencia de otro agente, y qué tipo de acciones son las que conforman dicho proceso.
Aparatos y dispositivos. O cómo pensar el poder y el contrapoder con Althusser y Foucault
Authors: Ayala-Colqui Jesús 
Published: October 2023

El objetivo del presente artículo es problematizar la relación entre Althusser y Foucault a partir de las nociones de aparato ideológico y dispositivo de poder. Para esto se analiza, en primer lugar, los vínculos que Althusser desarrolla entre aparato, sujeto y lucha social. Se visita, en segundo lugar, la obra de Foucault para identificar tres cuestiones: los usos positivos del término ideología, las posteriores críticas a esta noción y, sobre todo, los conceptos que la reemplazan para pensar el poder, el sujeto y la resistencia. Finalmente, se argumenta sobre la convergencia conceptual entre Althusser y Foucault donde no solo es visible una afinidad, sino también una coherencia que haría de sus invenciones teóricas herramientas coextensivas y complementarias.