bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between oxidative balance score and thyroid function and all-cause mortality in euthyroid adults
Authors: Xiao Qianqian , Zhang Zhanqin , Ji Shuman , Li Muzi , Zhang Bohua , Xu Qing , Xiao Chang , Guan Huaijin , Ma Lei , Mei Xiaopeng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Abnormal fluctuations in thyroid function within the reference range were strongly associated with increased all-cause mortality. This study aimed to analyze the association between oxidative balance score (OBS) and free thyroxine (FT4) and thyrotropin (TSH) in euthyroid adults, as well as their interrelationships with mortality. 5727 euthyroid adults were selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Weighted linear regression investigated the potential association of OBS with FT4 and TSH. In addition, COX proportional hazard models and restricted cubic spline (RCS) were used to investigate the association between OBS, FT4, TSH, and all-cause mortality. The results showed that OBS was negatively associated with serum FT4 concentrations in euthyroid adults (− 2.95%, 95% CI − 5.16%, − 0.92%). Additionally, the all-cause mortality rate was significantly higher in the fourth quartile (Q4) of FT4 compared to the first quartile (Q1) (HR 1.40, 95% CI 1.07–1.85). In the fourth quartile of OBS, the all-cause mortality rate was 31% lower than in Q1 (HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.52–0.92). Mediation analyses indicated that FT4 partially mediated the relationship between OBS and all-cause mortality. These results suggest a significant negative association between OBS and serum FT4, while both OBS and FT4 are strongly associated with mortality. However, the effect of OBS on serum FT4 is relatively limited, and therefore its clinical significance needs to be interpreted objectively.
The economic burden of Myasthenia gravis from the patient´s perspective and reflected in German claims data
Authors: Lehnerer Sophie , Herdick Meret , Mevius Antje , Grittner Ulrike , Gansel Pauline , Joeres Lars , Biskup Jutta , Meisel Andreas 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a neuromuscular disorder resulting in exertion-dependent muscle fatigability. Affecting all age groups MG is a chronic disease with unpredictable fluctuations and a range of symptom expression which can require costly immunosuppressive therapy and intensive care critically influencing economic burden. Here we aim to elucidate both the personal and societal economic burden of MG. Data were used from two sources: (1) a cross sectional study of MG patients registered in the German Myasthenia Society (DMG) collected by a survey in 2019 (n = 1660), and (2) from a dataset provided by a German health insurance company covering the period from 01/01/2014 to 31/12/2019 (n = 750) and categorized to similar subgroups for comparison. Individual and societal economic burden was highest in patients with intensified medical treatment. Absence days from work per patient year in the first year after index in claims data were 67.1 days (95% CI 66.1–68.2) (referring to n = 260 non-retired patients). Of 686 patients with early onset (< 50 years) MG 260 (41.2%) reported loss of income due to MG in DMG data. Average inpatient costs from claims data in patients with intensified treatment (38,669€; 95% CI 38,627–38,712€) were particularly high compared with standard treatment (2980€; 95% CI 2975–2986€) and to no MG-related treatment (887€; 95% CI 877–886€). MG represents a major economic burden for the individual and the health care system. The costs are positively associated with the severity of disease. The economic burden is particularly high for working patients. UCB Pharma provided financial support for the subanalysis, but was not involved in the design of the study.

Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03979521, submitted: June 7, 2019, first patient enrolled: May 1, 2019, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03979521.
Cervical and Masseter Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
Authors: Sinha Sujeet Kumar , Vipinan Krishnapriya Moothedath 
Published: February 2025

Purpose:
Diabetes affects the peripheral auditory and vestibular systems. Research suggests that both cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMP) and ocular VEMP (oVEMP) are affected in individuals with diabetes. Masseter VEMP (mVEMP) is a new tool that assesses the vestibulomasseteric reflex pathways. The study aimed to characterize the cVEMP and mVEMP latency and amplitude parameters in diabetes mellitus type 2.

Method:
The study included 21 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 21 age- and gender-matched participants without diabetes aged 48–68 years. mVEMP and cVEMP were recorded using 500 Hz tone burst stimuli, presented at an intensity of 125 dB peSPL for both the groups.

Results:

The study suggests significantly prolonged P13 (
p
= .00) and P11 latencies (
p
= .00) in participants with diabetes (
M
for p11 = 15.81,
M
for p13 = 15.39) compared to participants without diabetes (
M
for p11 = 13.12,
M
for p13 = 14.19) for both cVEMP and mVEMP, respectively. No significant differences were observed in N23 (
p
= .4) and N21 latencies (
p
= .18) between the diabetes (
M
for N21 = 22.62,
M
for N23 = 22.61) and nondiabetes groups (
M
for N21 = 22.21,
M
for N23 = 22.40). Additionally, a significant reduction in cVEMP amplitude (P13-N23) was noted in the diabetes group (
M
for P13-N23 = 0.71,
p
= .00) than the nondiabetes group (
M
= 1.44), while mVEMP amplitudes (P11-N21) remained similar across groups (
M
for P11-N21 for diabetes = 0.72, (
M
for P11-N21 for nondiabetes = 0.77,
p
= .44). There were no significant correlations between the duration of diabetes and VEMP parameters, nor between cVEMP and mVEMP responses in either group.

Conclusions:
The findings revealed notable differences in cVEMP and mVEMP findings in diabetes individuals. These results suggest that diabetes may lead to neural and labyrinthine impairments. The degree of vestibular impairment varies and affects different reflex pathways. Even though mVEMP has a similar saccular origin as cVEMP, the results between the two do not correlate with each other.
Adaptive output regulation for two coupled anti-stable strings with unknown exosystem
Authors: Guo Bao-Zhu , Hu Qing-Qing , Jin Feng-Fei 
Published: February 2025

This paper investigates non-collocated boundary output regulation for two interconnected anti-stable string systems, where external disturbances infiltrate the plant from both {\color{blue} the} spatial domain and the boundaries. The reference signal and disturbances originate from an unknown finite-dimensional exosystem. Firstly, we design a feedforward controller using the backstepping transformation. Secondly, the Sylvester equation is employed to redirect disturbances from all channels to the output end. The exosystem is then transformed into an observable canonical form. Subsequently, an adaptive observer is developed, facilitating the design of a tracking error feedback {\color{blue} controller} that incorporates an adaptive internal model. We prove that {\color{blue} the internal signals} within the closed-loop system remain bounded, and the output signal successfully tracks the reference signal. Finally, the efficacy of our proposed scheme is verified through numerical simulations.
Undeveloped Region in Target-Strategies and Potential in Antiviral Drug Discovery
Authors: Du Shaoqing , Liu Xinyong , Hu Xueping , Zhan Peng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDrug resistance is a looming threat to global health security, undermining the effectiveness of current treatments and increasing treatment failures. To address this challenge, it is necessary to explore innovative strategies by identifying new binding mechanisms and targeting previously undeveloped therapeutic avenues. This paper reviewed the potential of leveraging undeveloped domains to combat drug resistance and proposes a range of methodologies to accurately identify those specific targets. There is also an extensive review of the challenges associated with targeting undeveloped areas and strategies to effectively address them. In this process, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) can effectively improve the efficiency of drug design, while appropriate attention should be paid to the physicochemical and drug-like properties of pharmaceutical compounds in the realm of drug discovery. Given the above, focusing on these undeveloped areas could provide a promising pathway to address drug resistance; however, achieving this objective necessitates sustained investigative efforts and inventive approaches.
Investigating Diagnostic and Treatment Barriers in Cancer Care: A Rural Perspective from Western Maharashtra, India
Authors: Nagar Akash , Vishwakarma Kavita , Nair Gayatri R. , R. Akhil , Madamanchi Divya 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Introduction Noncommunicable diseases, particularly cancer, are increasingly burdening India's health care system. Despite the implementation of various national cancer control programs, notable barriers to timely diagnosis and treatment persist, especially in rural regions.
Objectives This study aims to identify these barriers and assess diagnostic and treatment intervals among cancer patients in rural Western Maharashtra.
Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary cancer hospital from January to March 2024. Histopathologically confirmed patients with cancer (aged ≥ 18 years) who attended the radiotherapy and chemotherapy outpatient departments for treatment were included. Data was collected using structured interviews, focusing on sociodemographic factors, diagnostic intervals (from first symptom to final diagnosis), and treatment intervals (from final diagnosis to treatment initiation). Statistical analyses were performed using MedCalc software.
Results Out of 127 patients analyzed, the mean age was 53.4 years, with 68.5% being female. The majority resided in rural areas (52.0%). Breast cancer (26.8%), lip and oral cavity cancer (15.0%), and cervical cancer (10.2%) were the most prevalent among patients. The median total interval in diagnosis was 86 days, with a median diagnostic interval of 61 days and a median treatment interval of 8 days. Substantial barriers to timely diagnosis included misconceptions about symptom severity, neglect, and lack of knowledge about where to seek care. Rural residency and diagnosis of the first doctor consulted were significantly associated with longer diagnostic intervals.
Conclusion The study identified critical barriers to timely cancer diagnosis and treatment in rural Western Maharashtra, highlighting the need for increased awareness, better access to health care, and streamlined diagnostic processes. Addressing these challenges through targeted strategies can potentially reduce delays and improve cancer care outcomes, enhancing survival rates and quality of life for patients in this region. This study highlights the urgency for health care policymakers to prioritize and address these barriers to improve cancer care in rural India.
Symbiotic engineering: insects, microbes, and the space of vector control
Authors: Opitz Sven , Folkers Andreas 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article analyses vector control methods that use microbes to fight diseases, such as dengue, Zika, or West-Nile, by infecting mosquitoes with an endosymbiotic bacterium, Wolbachia. These methods affect mosquitoes’ capacity to transmit viruses to humans, either by suppressing the whole mosquito population, or by neutralizing the pathogen in the insect itself. Drawing on fieldwork, we show how these approaches instantiate a biopolitical strategy that we describe as ‘symbiotic engineering’: technoscientific attempts to secure forms of collective life by creating a symbiotic relationship through which the biological reaches into the social and vice versa. We situate the use of Wolbachia in the history of biocontrol techniques, delineate its economic rationalities, and explore the transformation it inflicts on communal ties. We show how the aim of addressing ‘global’ disease through microbial means places symbiotic engineering in the milieu of residential areas. Scaling-up vector control requires attending to a messy intermediate space affected by climate conditions, human habits, the built environment, and chemical residues.
World in motion
Authors: Schachtner Christina 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Migration is part of the “global movement potential” (Albrow, 2014,
p. 14) that is currently shaping social change worldwide. This article focuses on the narratives and narrative practices of
migrants. It is assumed that narrative is an attempt to come to terms with migration experiences. The research interest focuses on
the what, how and why of migrant narratives and the role of digital media in everyday
storytelling. The empirical basis is the study “Transnational living”, in which people from various African, Arab and European
countries were included. The research methods are committed to an understanding-interpretative paradigm. Discourses from
migration, narration and mediatization research form the theoretical framework of the analysis.
Van der Waals epitaxy of twisted bilayer and trilayer MoS2 with strong coupling and interlayer exciton emission
Authors: Cao Qingqing , Chen Meili , Yang Xinhui , Xu Mingyi , Li Mengya , Lu Chang , Liu Zhiyi , Long Meili , Yuan Xiaoming 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Twisted bilayer (TB) MoS2has attracted great interest due to its application in twistronics. A modification of the conventional growth method is usually required to overcome the energy barrier between layers to grow twisted bilayer MoS2 with different angle. Hence direct one-step synthesis of MoS2 with a large area, clean surface, and a wide twisted angle range is still a challenge. In this work, we show the direct growth of high-quality twisted bilayer and trilayer of MoS2 by a countercurrent physical vapor deposition (PVD) method. We investigated the evolution of optical properties of twisted MoS2 at the range from 0◦ to 60◦. Raman and photoluminescence (PL) results show a strong relationship between interlayer coupling and the twisted angle of bilayer MoS2. Moreover, interlayer exciton was observed in twisted bilayer MoS2 for a large twisted angle range below 253 K. In comparison, no interlayer exciton related emission was observed for transferred bilayer MoS2, indicating that bottom-up growth of twisted MoS2 presents better interlayer quality. Our results demonstrate a simple approach to produce twisted angle MoS2with high quality for twist-angle based optical and electronic properties investigations.&#xD;
Physical Model of Diamond Vertical Schottky Diode including Incomplete Ionization and Thermal Effects
Authors: Shang Hong , Jiang Yanfeng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Diamond device shows particular supreme characteristics, including high thermal conductivity, high breakdown voltage, radiation hardness, etc., and attracts attention from both industrial and academic communities to investigate its applications in modern electronics. Currently, the incumbent physical model of the diamond device is assembled following the silicon device’s strategies without considering many unique physical phenomena in diamond material, which makes the simulation inconsistent with the experimental results. In the paper, the diamond device model including the unique properties of the incomplete ionization and thermal effects is developed. The effect of the incomplete ionization of boron atoms on the energy band distribution and the hole concentration in diamond material is studied. The thermal effect on both the ionized hole concentration and the hole mobility is also investigated. The self-heating effect is developed to describe the thermal effect in the power device with high current. In this way, the diamond device model is set up, including the incomplete ionization and thermal effects, which is used in the simulation of diamond vertical Schottky diode. The simulation results are consistent with the experimental data. Therefore, the model including the specific characteristics of the diamond material would be a promising platform for the investigation of the diamond device in the future.
Effect of low-pressure plasma-induced NO, OH, and NH reactive species on radish seedling growth
Authors: Attri Pankaj , Ono Shinjiro , Okumura Takamasa , Takeuchi Nozomi , Koga Kazunori , Shiratani Masaharu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Plasma agriculture has recently gained tremendous attention to increase seed germination, seedling growth, and yield. Several factors influence plasma's negative and positive effects on seeds. One of the major factors is the role of plasma-generated reactive nitrogen species (RNS). To unlock the role of RNS on the seeds, we treated the radish seeds using low-pressure RF plasma with N2 as a feed gas for different treatment times. We used the radish seeds with two different seed coat colors (brown and grey) and treated them under two conditions (dry and wet). In the present study, we want to analyze the possible role of seed coat color, humidity, and plasma treatment time on seed germination and seedling growth. We observed that humidity and plasma treatment time affected the seedling growth for the wet seeds. There was no change in the seed germination rate or total germination percentage for both dry and wet seeds. We conducted electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) to analyze the increased concentration of organic radicals in radish seeds after plasma treatment. Additionally, we used Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) to investigate the generation of reactive species in the plasma reactor with both dry and wet seeds. We also explored OES measurements without seeds, using N2 and Air as feed gases at different pressures (100, 150, and 200 Pa). The OES spectra revealed that elevated concentrations of NO, OH, and NH in the wet seeds were responsible for the enhanced radish growth.
Transition from divertor to limiter configuration and associated transient plasma oscillation in Heliotron J
Authors: Miyashita Akira , Ohshima Shinsuke , Xu Ze , Kin Fumiyoshi , Kobayashi S , Kado Shinichiro , Minami T , Mizuuchi Tohru , Konoshima Shigeru , Okada Hiroyuki , Inagaki Shigeru , Nagasaki Kazunobu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A transition from a divertor configuration to a limiter configuration and associated transient plasma oscillation were observed in configurations whose confinement region expanded with the codirected plasma current in the Heliotron J device. The transition was associated with the edge plasma profile such as electron density and temperature, and the change in the particle flux on the divertor probe was qualitatively consistent with the magnetic field line tracing calculation result, including the effect of the plasma current. During the transition, a spontaneous oscillation with a toroidal mode structure of n = 1 was observed at approximately 2 kHz, accompanied by an edge plasma response with a synchronized divertor footprint shift. This suggests that the transition to the limiter configuration was coupled with transient oscillatory responses. The study shows that the plasma current alters the edge magnetic field structure, and the edge plasma oscillates as a transient response.
Computing MHD equilibria of stellarators with a flexible coordinate frame
Authors: Hindenlang Florian Jacques , Plunk Gabriel G , Maj Omar 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
For the representation of axi-symmetric plasma configurations (tokamaks), it is natural to use cylindrical coordinates (R,Z,Φ), where Φ is an independent coordinate. The same cylindrical coordinates have also been widely used for representing 3D MHD equilibria of non-axisymmetric configurations (stellarators), with cross-sections, defined in RZ-planes, that vary over Φ. &#xD;&#xD;Stellarator equilibria have been found, however, for which cylindrical coordinates are not at all a natural choice, for instance certain stellarators obtained using the near-axis expansion (NAE), defined by a magnetic axis curve and its Frenet frame.&#xD;&#xD;In this contribution, we propose an alternative approach for representing the boundary in a fixed-boundary 3D MHD equilibrium solver, moving away from cylindrical coordinates. &#xD;Instead, we use planar cross-sections whose orientation is determined by a general coordinate frame (G-Frame). This frame is similar to the conventional Frenet frame, but more flexible. &#xD;As an additional part of the boundary representation, it becomes an input to the equilibrium solve, along with the geometry of the cross-sections.&#xD;We see two advantages: 1) the capability to easily represent configurations where the magnetic axis is highly non-planar or even knotted. 2) a reduction in the degrees of freedom needed for the boundary surface, and thus the equilibrium solver, enabling progress in optimization of these configurations.&#xD;&#xD;We discuss the properties of the G-Frame, starting from the conventional Frenet frame. Then we show two exemplary ways of constructing it, first from a NAE solution and also from a given boundary surface. We present the details of the implementation of the new frame in the 3D MHD equilibrium solver GVEC. Furthermore, we demonstrate for a highly shaped QI-optimized stellarator that far fewer degrees of freedom are necessary to find a high quality equilibrium solution, compared to the solution computed in cylindrical coordinates.
Preparation and Study of Perovskite Solar Cells with Titanium-Tin Alloy-Based Electron Transport Layers
Authors: Hui Hao , Huang Jin , Chen Chunyang , Jia Chunliang , Zhou Yufan , Guo Kaiyuan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The electron transport layer (ETL) plays a fundamental role in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), where ETL extracts and transports photogenerated carriers and influences the photoelectric conversion efficiency. In this context, this paper develops a novel design for the titanium-tin alloy-based electron transport layer (TTA-ETL). Experimental results show that the efficiency of power conversion efficiency (PCE) can be maximized (i.e., 16.42%) when the molar ratio of titanium dioxide (TiO2) to tin oxide (SnO2) doping reaches 7:1. Moreover, in this case, the PSC device can maintain the 81.5% of the maximum efficiency over 42 days. Therefore, the proposed scheme can significantly improve the electron mobility and surface morphology in ETL, thereby achieving superior performance compared with prior schemes.
Image Ciphering Algorithm Based on Novel ICMM and Modified Differential Encoding
Authors: Rani Narbda 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper proposes a novel image encryption algorithm to enhance the security and privacy of image data shared across various channels. The algorithm integrates an Iteratively Compounded Magic Matrix (ICMM) and a modified differential encoding approach. A method to generate a novel ICMM of order 3 × 2^m for all m ε N using iterative matrix compounding is introduced. The modified differential encoding technique generates a single random sequence from two input sequences. The encryption process begins with pixel and ICMM element randomization using a 2D Arnold map. The diffusion phase involves two security layers: the first modifies pixel values using ICMM row matrix and Fast Fourier Transform, mitigating potential attacks; the second minimizes confidentiality risks using modified differential encoding and a 3D Bernoulli map at the bit level. Additional security is achieved by XORing cipher image components with unitary matrices derived from the ICMM via singular value decomposition. Numerical and graphical simulations validate the algorithm's security and complexity, and comparative analysis confirms its effectiveness in meeting security standards.