bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Near-Inertial Wave Propagation in the Western Arctic
Authors: Pinkel Robert 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
From October 1997 through October 1998, the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic (SHEBA) ice camp drifted across the western Arctic Ocean, from the central Canada Basin over the Northwind Ridge and across the Chukchi Cap. During much of this period, the velocity and shear fields in the upper ocean were monitored by Doppler sonar. Near-inertial internal waves are found to be the dominant contributors to the superinertial motion field. Typical rms velocities are 1–2 cm s−1. In this work, the velocity and shear variances associated with upward- and downward-propagating wave groups are quantified. Patterns are detected in these variances that correlate with underlying seafloor depth. These are explored with the objective of assessing the role that these extremely low-energy near-inertial waves play in the larger-scale evolution of the Canada Basin. The specific focus is the energy flux delivered to the slopes and shelves of the basin, available for driving mixing at the ocean boundaries. The energy and shear variances associated with downward-propagating waves are relatively uniform over the entire SHEBA drift, independent of the season and depth of the underlying topography. Variances associated with upward-propagating waves follow a (depth)−1/2 dependence. Over the deep slopes, vertical wavenumber spectra of upward-propagating waves are blue-shifted relative to their downward counterparts, perhaps a result of reflection from a sloping seafloor. To aid in interpretation of the observations, a simple, linear model is used to compare the effects of viscous (volume) versus underice (surface) dissipation for near-inertial waves. The latter is found to be the dominant mechanism. A parallel examination of the topography of the western Arctic shows that much of the continental slope is close to critical for near-inertial wave reflection. The picture that emerges is consistent with “one bounce” rather than trans-Arctic propagation. The dominant surface-generated waves are substantially absorbed in the underice boundary layer following a single roundtrip to the seafloor. However, surface-generated waves can interact strongly with nearby (&lt;300 km) slopes, potentially contributing to dissipation rates of order 10−6–10−7 W m−3 in a zone several hundred meters above the bottom. The waves that survive the reflection process (and are not back-reflected) display a measurable blue shift over the slopes and contribute to the observed dependence of energy on seafloor depth that is seen in these upper-ocean observations.
The Influence of Topography on the Stability of Jets
Authors: Poulin F. J. , Flierl G. R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn this article, the effect shelflike topography has on the stability of a jet that flows along the smooth shelf is addressed. The linear stability problem is solved to determine for which nondimensional parameters a shelf can either destabilize or stabilize a jet. These calculations reveal an intricate dependence of growth rate on topography. In particular, the authors determine that retrograde topography (with the shallow water on the left) always stabilizes the jet (in relation to the flat-bottom equivalent), whereas prograde topography (with the shallow water on the right) can either stabilize or destabilize the jet depending on the particular values of the Rossby number and topographic parameters. For Rossby numbers of order 1 and larger, prograde topography is strictly stabilizing. For small Rossby numbers, small-amplitude topography destabilizes whereas large topography stabilizes. The nonlinear evolution of these instabilities is explored to confirm the predictions from the linear theory and, also, to illustrate how stabilization is directly related to fluid transport across the shelf.
Quantification of Anion and Cation Release from a Range of Ternary Phosphate-based Glasses with Fixed 45 mol% P2O5
Authors: Ahmed I. , Lewis M. P. , Nazhat S. N. , Knowles J. C. 
Published: June 2005

This article reports on the use of ion chromatography (IC) to investigate extensively the release profiles of both cations and anions and characterize the relationship between composition and degradation for a ternary-based Na2O-CaO-P2O5 glass system developed as biomaterials. Studies are carried out on glasses with the formula 45P2O5-55( xCaO-Na2O) in deionized water, where x = 30, 35, and 40 mol%, using a cumulative release method, where the solution is changed at regular intervals. Degradation behavior is linear with time where the degradation rate shows an initial decrease with increasing CaO content. This rate then increases with a further addition of CaO. Cation release profiles follow similar trends to the degradation rates. Anion release profiles show a decrease for the PO4 and linear polyphosphate (P2O7 and P3O10) species with increasing CaO content. This decrease is attributed to the cross-linking of the Ca2+ ions. In contrast, the cyclic P3O9 anion exhibits the highest amount of anionic release, which demonstrates similar trends to the cations. These release patterns suggest that the cyclic P3O9 species dominate the degradation rates. The proposed mode of degradation is a hydrolysis reaction, with the cyclic metaphosphate undergoing acid/base catalysis. The pH remains constant for the 30 and 35 mol% CaO glasses, and drops to about 5.5 for the 40 mol% composition. By using a response factor, it is possible to semiquantitatively analyze the additional peaks observed in the chromatograms. Suggestions are also put forward as to the identity of some of these unidentified peaks.
Thermal Characterizations of Silver-containing Bioactive Glass-coated Sutures
Authors: Blaker Jonny J. , Boccaccini Aldo R. , Nazhat Showan N. 
Published: June 2005

This study utilized and compared a number of thermal analysis methods to characterize the thermal properties of commercial sutures with and without antimicrobial coatings of silver-doped bioactive glass (AgBG) interlocking particulates. The effect of a slurry dipping technique used to coat resorbable Vicryl® (polyglactin 910) and non-resorbable Mersilk® surgical sutures with AgBG was investigated using conventional differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), high speed calorimetry (or HYPERDSC™), and modulated temperature DSC (MTDSC). These methods were compared in terms of their ability to resolve the thermal transitions of the types of suture materials. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to verify the thermal degradation temperatures of these materials and to quantify the AgBG coatings on the sutures. The use of complementary thermal analysis techniques enabled the understanding of the effect of the AgBG coating technique on the morphological properties of the sutures. The slurry dipping technique had no significant effect on the thermal transitions of both types of materials. The use of high speed calorimetry through DSC offered better resolution for the transitions that appeared to be weak through conventional heating regimes, and was able to separate broad double transitions. Furthermore, it was shown not to compromise either the melting temperature or the enthalpy of melting. Therefore this method allows for the accurate determination of thermal transitions through much shorter experimental times thus allowing for an increased sample throughput. The combined DTA and TGA indicated that a greater AgBG coating was obtained in the case of the Mersilk® sutures.
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in normal and pathological lung
Authors: van der Deen Margaretha , de Vries Elisabeth GE , Timens Wim , Scheper Rik J , Timmer-Bosscha Hetty , Postma Dirkje S 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are a family of transmembrane proteins that can transport a wide variety of substrates across biological membranes in an energy-dependent manner. Many ABC transporters such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) are highly expressed in bronchial epithelium. This review aims to give new insights in the possible functions of ABC molecules in the lung in view of their expression in different cell types. Furthermore, their role in protection against noxious compounds, e.g. air pollutants and cigarette smoke components, will be discussed as well as the (mal)function in normal and pathological lung. Several pulmonary drugs are substrates for ABC transporters and therefore, the delivery of these drugs to the site of action may be highly dependent on the presence and activity of many ABC transporters in several cell types. Three ABC transporters are known to play an important role in lung functioning. Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene can cause cystic fibrosis, and mutations in ABCA1 and ABCA3 are responsible for respectively Tangier disease and fatal surfactant deficiency. The role of altered function of ABC transporters in highly prevalent pulmonary diseases such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have hardly been investigated so far. We especially focused on polymorphisms, knock-out mice models and in vitro results of pulmonary research. Insight in the function of ABC transporters in the lung may open new ways to facilitate treatment of lung diseases.
Iterative approach to model identification of biological networks
Authors: Gadkar Kapil G , Gunawan Rudiyanto , Doyle Francis J 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
Background
Recent advances in molecular biology techniques provide an opportunity for developing detailed mathematical models of biological processes. An iterative scheme is introduced for model identification using available system knowledge and experimental measurements.

Results
The scheme includes a state regulator algorithm that provides estimates of all system unknowns (concentrations of the system components and the reaction rates of their inter-conversion). The full system information is used for estimation of the model parameters. An optimal experiment design using the parameter identifiability and D-optimality criteria is formulated to provide "rich" experimental data for maximizing the accuracy of the parameter estimates in subsequent iterations. The importance of model identifiability tests for optimal measurement selection is also considered. The iterative scheme is tested on a model for the caspase function in apoptosis where it is demonstrated that model accuracy improves with each iteration. Optimal experiment design was determined to be critical for model identification.

Conclusion
The proposed algorithm has general application to modeling a wide range of cellular processes, which include gene regulation networks, signal transduction and metabolic networks.
The allergy adjuvant effect of particles – genetic factors influence antibody and cytokine responses
Authors: Nygaard Unni Cecilie , Aase Audun , Løvik Martinus 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
Background
There is increasing epidemiological and experimental evidence for an aggravating effect of particulate air pollution on asthma and allergic symptoms and, to a lesser extent, on allergic sensitization. Genetic factors appear to influence not only the magnitude, but also the quality of the adjuvant effect of particles with respect to allergen-specific IgE (Th2-associated) and IgG2a (Th1-associated) responses. In the present study, we aimed to investigate how the genetic background influences the responses to the allergen and particles alone and in combination. We examined how polystyrene particles (PSP) affected the IgE and IgG2a responses against the model allergen ovalbumin (OVA), after subcutaneous injection into the footpad of BALB/cA, BALB/cJ, NIH and C3H/HeN mice, Further, ex vivo IL-4, IFN-γ and IL-10 cytokine secretion by Con A-stimulated cells from the draining popliteal lymph node (PLN) five days after injection of OVA and PSP separately or in combination was determined.

Results
PSP injected with OVA increased the levels of OVA-specific IgE antibodies in all strains examined. In contrast, the IgG2a levels were significantly increased only in NIH and C3H/HeN mice. PSP in the presence of OVA increased cell numbers and IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-γ levels in BALB/cA, NIH and C3H/HeN mice, with the exception of IFN-γ in NIH mice. However, each mouse strain had their unique pattern of response to OVA+PSP, OVA and PSP, and also their unique background cytokine response (i.e. the cytokine response in cells from mice injected with buffer only).

Conclusion
Genetic factors (i.e. the strain of mice) influenced the susceptibility to the adjuvant effect of PSP on both secondary antibody responses and primary cellular responses in the lymph node, as well as the cellular responses to both OVA and PSP given separately. Interestingly, PSP alone induced cytokine responses in the lymph node in some of the mouse strains. Furthermore, we found that the ex vivo cytokine patterns did not predict the in vivo Th2- and Th1-associated antibody response patterns in the different mouse strains. The results indicate that insoluble particles act by increasing the inherent response to the allergen, and that the genetic background may determine whether an additional Th1-associated component is added to the response.
Lack of evidence for a genetic association between FGF20 and Parkinson's disease in Finnish and Greek patients
Authors: Clarimon Jordi , Xiromerisiou Georgia , Eerola Johanna , Gourbali Vanesa , Hellström Olli , Dardiotis Euthimios , Peuralinna Terhi , Papadimitriou Alexandros , Hadjigeorgiou George M , Tienari Pentti J , Singleton Andrew B 
Published: June 2005

Abstract

Background
Fibroblast growth factor 20 (FGF20) is a neurotrophic factor preferentially expressed in the substantia nigra of rat brain and could be involved in dopaminergic neurons survival. Recently, a strong genetic association has been found between FGF20 gene and the risk of suffering from Parkinson's disease (PD). Our aim was to replicate this association in two independent populations.

Methods
Allelic, genotypic, and haplotype frequencies of four biallelic polymorphisms were assessed in 151 sporadic PD cases and 186 controls from Greece, and 144 sporadic PD patients and 135 controls from Finland.

Results
No association was found in any of the populations studied.

Conclusion
Taken together, these findings suggest that common genetic variants in FGF20 are not a risk factor for PD in, at least, some European populations.
Influenza associated excess mortality in Germany, 1985 – 2001
Authors: Zucs Phillip , Buchholz Udo , Haas Walter , Uphoff Helmut 
Published: June 2005

AbstractInfluenza-associated excess mortality is widely used to assess the severity of influenza epidemics. In Germany, however, it is not yet established as a routine component of influenza surveillance. We therefore applied a simple method based on the annual distribution of monthly relative mortality (relative mortality distribution method, RMDM) to a time-series of German monthly all-cause mortality data from 1985–2001 to estimate influenza-associated excess mortality. Results were compared to those obtained by cyclical regression.Both methods distinguished stronger from milder influenza seasons, but RMDM gave the better fit (R2 = 0.80). For the years after reunification, i.e. 1990/91 through 2000/01, RMDM yielded an average of 6900 (conservative estimate) to13600 influenza-asssociated excess deaths per season (crude estimate). The most severe epidemics occurred during subtype A/H3N2 seasons. While German all-cause mortality declined over the study period, the number of excess deaths displayed an upward trend, coinciding with an increase of the proportion of the elderly population.
Regression of Ocular Adnexal Lymphoma AfterChlamydia Psittaci–Eradicating Antibiotic Therapy
Authors: Ferreri Andrés J.M. , Ponzoni Maurilio , Guidoboni Massimo , De Conciliis Carlo , Resti Antonio Giordano , Mazzi Benedetta , Lettini Antonia Anna , Demeter Judit , Dell'Oro Stefania , Doglioni Claudio , Villa Eugenio , Boiocchi Mauro , Dolcetti Riccardo 
Published: June 2005

PurposeSome infectious agents contributing to lymphomagenesis have been considered targets for new therapeutic strategies. Chlamydia psittaci DNA has been detected in 80% of ocular adnexal lymphomas. The present pilot study was carried out to assess whether C psittaci–eradicating antibiotic therapy is associated with tumor regression in ocular adnexal lymphomas.Patients and MethodsNine patients with C psittaci–positive marginal-zone B-cell lymphoma of the ocular adnexa at diagnosis or relapse were treated with doxycycline 100 mg, bid orally, for 3 weeks. The presence of C psittaci DNA in peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was also assessed before and after treatment in seven patients. Objective lymphoma regression was assessed 1, 3, and 6 months after therapy conclusion and every 6 months during follow-up.ResultsAll patients completed antibiotic therapy with excellent tolerability. At 1 month from doxycycline assumption, chlamydial DNA was no longer detectable in PBMCs of all four positive patients. Objective response was complete in two patients, partial response (> 50%) was observed in two patients, and minimal response (< 50%) was observed in three patients. Duration of response in the seven responders was 12+, 29+, 31+, 8+, 7+, 2+, and 1+ months, respectively.ConclusionC psittaci–eradicating antibiotic therapy with doxycycline is followed by objective response in patients with ocular adnexal lymphoma, even after multiple relapses of the disease. A confirmatory, large, phase II trial is warranted to confirm whether this fast, cheap, and well-tolerated therapy could replace other more aggressive strategies as first-line treatment against ocular adnexal lymphomas.
An Efficient Method for Alkylation of Alcohols with Alkyl P,P-diphenyl-N-(methanesulfonyl)phosphinimidates
Authors: Aoki Hidenori , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
Alkyl P,P-diphenyl-N-(methanesulfonyl)phosphinimidates, easily prepared from alkyl diphenylphosphinites and methanesulfonyl azide, are used as a useful reagent for O-alkylation of alcohols in the presence of a catalytic amount of trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (Me3SiOTf).
Rhenium Complexes of N-Methyl N-Confused Tetraphenylporphyrin and Its Normal Isomer
Authors: Toganoh Motoki , Furuta Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
The rhenium tricarbonyl complexes bearing tridentate porphyrin ligands, N-methyltatraphenylporphyrin and N-methyl N-confused tatraphenylporphyrin, were prepared and their structures were studied by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Drastic change of HOMO–LUMO gap by confusion of N-methylpyrrole moiety was illustrated from experimental and theoretical studies.
Post-operative adjuvant chemoradiotherapy with carboplatin and 5-fluorouracil for primary branchiogenic carcinoma
Authors: Katori Hideaki , Nozawa Akinori , Tsukuda Mamoru 
Published: June 2005

Background: Branchiogenic carcinoma occurs only rarely. A pathologic description and post-operative adjuvant therapy with carboplatin (CBDCA) and daily oral 5-fluorouracil (UFT) are analysed.Case report: We present the case of a 52-year-old man with a lateral neck mass lesion. A fine-needle aspiration was performed and cytological examination showed class IV disease. The patient underwent excision of the mass and an intra-operative rapid pathological diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma was made; we then went on to perform neck dissection. The patient received post-operative radiation therapy (total 64 Gy) and chemotherapy (CBDCA 100 mg/week and UFT 300 mg/day). He was followed up for 62 months after surgery without any evidence of recurrence of cancer.Conclusion: This case satisfies the histological criteria established by Martin and Khafif for a primary branchiogenic carcinoma. The management would be wide surgical excision of the tumour, including neck dissection, followed by adjuvant therapy, such as chemoradiation. As post-operative adjuvant therapy for primary branchiogenic carcinoma, chemoradiotherapy with carboplatin and UFT was a safe and well tolerated regimen.
“That Bright New Light”: Schenker, Universal Edition, and the Origins of the Erläuterung Series, 1901–1910
Authors: BENT IAN D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn 1912, Schenker began to reconceptualize four works already published, in press, or in preparation as a series parallel to his Neue musikalische Theorien und Phantasien, under the collective title Erläuterungsausgaben (elucidatory editions): his editions of C. P. E. Bach keyboard works with companion brochure, Ein Beitrag zur Ornamentik (1903; 2nd ed. 1908); J. S. Bach's Chromatic Fantasy and Fugue (1910); Beethoven's last five piano sonatas (1913–20); and his monograph on Beethoven's Ninth Symphony (1912). A close reading of the texts associated with the first two of these brings out the characteristics of Schenker's newly forged mode of musical discourse and helps us understand why Schenker prized it so highly.Inspection of Schenker's correspondence with J. G. Cotta and Universal Edition (also the latter's publication records and catalogues) and his diary makes possible a detailed history of the works concerned and of his unsuccessful attempt to establish the second series; it also reveals the central role he envisioned for himself in the future of Universal Edition and casts light on his complex interactions with Emil Hertzka, on relationships with his private patrons, and on his sense of exclusion from Viennese musical circles.
Learning to Cope: How Far Is Too Close?
Authors: Wolpin Brian M. , Chabner Bruce A. , Lynch Thomas J. , Penson Richard T. 
Published: June 2005

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Describe the human aspects of caring for dying patients and the frustrations of futile oncology treatment.Explain the importance of addressing how issues of life and death affect caregivers.Discuss the advantages and risks of close relationships with patients.
Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 hour of AMA PRA category 1 credit at CME.TheOncologist.com
Shortly before his death in 1995, Kenneth B. Schwartz, a cancer patient at Massachusetts General Hospital, founded The Kenneth B. Schwartz Center. The Schwartz Center is a nonprofit organization dedicated to advancing compassionate health care delivery, with the goal of providing hope to patients and support to caregivers. The Schwartz Center Rounds is a monthly multidisciplinary forum where caregivers reflect on important psychosocial issues faced by patients, families, and caregivers, and gain insight and support from fellow staff members.
The case is presented of a patient with a precipitous decline in health due to rapidly progressive, metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. The discussion at Schwartz Center Rounds centers on oncologists’ feelings of failure and coping mechanisms when dealing with patients’ deaths. This discussion is followed by a first-year oncology fellow's reaction to caring for this and other terminally ill patients. Then, to provide a broader framework in which to understand these issues, the emotional cost and measurable benefit of close relationships with patients is investigated. To conclude, further educational initiatives are advocated to assist both physicians-in-training and more senior clinicians in dealing with the difficult issues that arise when caring for very ill and dying patients.