bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary sarcoidosis: Correlation of expiratory high-resolution CT findings with inspiratory patterns and pulmonary function tests
Authors: Magkanas E. , Voloudaki A. , Bouros D. , Prassopoulos P. , Alexopoulou C. , Tzanakis N. , Linardakis M. , Gourtsoyiannis N. 
Published: July 2004

Purpose: To assess the presence and extent of air trapping (AT) on chest high-resolution CT (HRCT) in sarcoidosis and to correlate such findings with patterns, lesion extent on inspiratory CT and pulmonary function tests (PFT). Material and Methods: Thirty patients with sarcoidosis underwent inspiratory and expiratory HRCT and PFT. HRCT images were evaluated for presence, distribution and AT extent as well as the predominant HRCT pattern and the extent of lesions at inspiration. Attenuation difference in the AT regions at expiration and at inspiration were calculated. The presence and extent of AT were correlated with PFT, extent of involvement and predominant inspiratory patterns. Results: AT was present in 25/30 patients with no lung zone predilection. AT was the only CT indication of pulmonary sarcoidosis in 3/30 patients who also had normal PFT. Attenuation difference between inspiration and expiration ranged from -40 HU to 106 HU. In 2 patients, a paradoxical decrease of lung attenuation was observed at expiration. A significant correlation was found between AT extent at expiration, with residual volume-total lung capacity ratio and residual volume. Conclusion: AT is an additional HRCT finding in sarcoidosis. AT may involve any lung zone, including costophrenic angles and may be the only CT feature of pulmonary sarcoidosis. Strong correlation is only found with PFT values that are specific for incomplete lung emptying at expiration.
Stent placement in short unilateral iliac occlusion: Technique and 24-month results
Authors: Steinkamp H. , Werk M. , Wissgott C. , Settmacher U. , Haufe M. , Hierholzer C. , Felix R. 
Published: July 2004

Purpose: To determine the success rate and 24-month follow-up results of primary stent implantation for reconstruction of unilateral short iliac occlusion involving the aortic bifurcation. Material and Methods: In 90 patients attempts of percutaneous transluminal recanalization of a short unilateral occlusion of the iliac arteries were performed. In 72/90 patients, the treatment was successful. Stent implantation was performed after recanalization in all 72 patients. Pre-interventional angiography of successfully treated patients showed unilateral occlusions and contralateral stenosis in 34/72 patients. In 38/72 patients unilateral occlusion without contralateral stenosis was diagnosed. The recanalization of the common iliac artery obstructions were performed with a guidewire and excimer laser angioplasty. Totally 152 stents were used for the treatment of iliac occlusion. Standardized treadmill testing and color-coded Doppler ultrasound were performed before treatment and during the follow-up. Results: In all patients, stents were placed successfully; 5 major and 7 minor complications were observed. A clinical improvement of +2 to +3 according to the American Heart Association criteria was observed in 62 and 10 patients, respectively. Angiographic control was performed after 1-30 months. The primary angiographic patency rate was 83.1%. Angiography revealed significant restenoses in 4 patients successfully treated with transluminal angioplasty, and re-occlusion in 6 patients which were referred to surgery. The patency rate after 24 months was 90.0%. Conclusion: Primary stent implantation is an effective treatment for short iliac obstructions and represents a true endovascular alternative to surgery.
Contrast agent distribution in microvascular damage of infarcted pig myocardium
Authors: Mark J. , Dai G. , Xiang B. , Sun J. , Lindsay W.G. , Deslauriers R. , Tian G. 
Published: July 2004

Purpose: We determined whether reperfusion damage was sufficient to allow extravasation of a large molecular weight contrast agent into infarcted pig myocardium. Material and Methods: Five pig hearts were subjected to in situ occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (2 h) followed by reperfusion (1 h). The hearts were excised and perfused in the Langendorff mode for ex vivo MR imaging. Polylysine-Gd-DTPA (50,000 Da) and Gd-DTPA (500-700 Da) were injected into the aorta (alternately) and followed by measurements of T1 relaxation and mean transit time (MTT). Results: In the normal myocardium, MTT of Gd-DTPA (56.8±23.2 s) was significantly ( p=0.02) longer than that of polylysine-Gd-DTPA (29.0±7 s). However, both normal and infarcted myocardium showed similar MTT (29.0±7.0 vs. 28.0±5.0 s, p&gt;0.05) when using polylysine-Gd-DTPA. Conclusion: The results indicate that the permeability of capillaries to polylysine-Gd-DTPA was not significantly higher in infarcted regions of the myocardium compared to normal tissue. However, infarcted myocardium displayed an increased permeability to the small molecular weight Gd-DTPA. We conclude that microvascular damage may not be sufficient to allow the extravasation of polylysine-Gd-DTPA in infarcted myocardium.
The triple-phase CT image appearance of post-irradiated livers
Authors: S.-Y. Chiou , R.-C. Lee , K.-H. Chi , Cheng J. Chia-Hsien , J.-H. Chiang , C.-Y. Chang 
Published: July 2004

Objective To evaluate the sequential CT appearance of the liver after hepatic irradiation and to investigate the correlation between CT findings and radiation-induced hepatic injury. Material and Methods: The triple-phase CT images of 18 patients with hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) after hepatic irradiation were retrospectively reviewed (in total 41 CT studies). The high-dose region within the liver was defined as the area receiving more than 90% of the prescribed irradiation dose. The mean radiation dose was 55.5 Gy. Density changes and patterns of enhancement in the high-dose region were classified as three types: type I, constant low-density change in all phases; type II, low-density change in both pre-contrast and arterial phases, and iso-density change in the portal phase; type III, low- or iso-density change in the pre-contrast phase, low- or high-density change in the arterial phase, and persistent high-density change in the portal phase. The interval between completion of radiotherapy and the CT examinations ranged from 9 to 469 days, with a mean of 147 days. Results: Nine of the 41 CT studies presented with type I, 9 with type II, and 16 with type III CT findings. The mean interval between completion of radiotherapy and the appearance of types I, II, and III CT findings were 74, 183, and 220 days, respectively. The interval was significantly shorter for type I findings than for type II and type III. The difference in interval was not significant between type II and type III. A type I finding with constant low-density change in the high-dose region of the liver was the most common pattern of CT findings within the first 3 months after hepatic irradiation. Either types II or III findings were frequently seen after 3 months. Conclusion: The sequential CT appearance and the density changes may indicate correlation with the pathogenesis of veno-occlusive disease.
MR pyelography in 115 patients with a dilated renal collecting system
Authors: Blandino A. , Gaeta M. , Minutoli F. , Scribano E. , Vinci S. , Famulari C. , Pandolfo I. 
Published: July 2004

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of MR pyelography in the assessment of hydroureteronephrosis. Material and Methods: One hundred and fifteen patients, with variable degree of hydroureteronephrosis demonstrated by US and urography were subjected to MR pyelography obtained by means of two ultra-fast sequences. Results: Of the 228 kidneys examined, the collecting systems of 130 kidneys were dilated and correctly identified on MR pyelography, with only 2 false-positive results. The specificity of MR pyelography in detecting hydronephrosis was 98%. Accuracy in revealing level of obstruction was 100%. Sensitivity in detecting stones, strictures and congenital ureteropelvic junction obstructions was respectively 68.9%, 98.5% and 100%. Conclusion: MR pyelography can rapidly and accurately depict the morphological features of dilated urinary tracts with information regarding the degree and level of obstruction, without using contrast medium or ionizing radiation.
Supraspinatus outlet view in the diagnosis of stages II and III impingement syndrome
Authors: Hyvönen P. , Päivänsalo M. , Lehtiniemi H. , Leppilahti J. , Jalovaara P. 
Published: July 2004

Purpose: To compare supraspinatus outlet view (SOV) findings at different stages of the impingement syndrome (IS) with findings in asymptomatic age- and sex-matched controls. Material and Methods: Pre-operative SOVs were obtained of 37 shoulders of patients scheduled for unilateral open repair of a full-thickness rotator cuff tear (stage III IS) and 74 shoulders of patients scheduled for open (n=46) or arthroscopic (n=28) acromioplasty for tendinitis (stage II IS). Each view of a patient's shoulder was paired with a control view obtained from an age- and sex-matched person with no shoulder problems (n=111). Results: There were no significant differences in acromial morphology as evaluated on the scale devised by Bigliani et al. or in the tilt, slope or length of the acromion between the study groups and their controls. However, hooked acromion seemed to be more common in the patients. The thickness of the anterior part of the acromion at the tendinitis stage and the acromial angle at the tear stage of IS were the only parameters that showed significant differences between patients and controls. Conclusion: Variation of the morphology of the acromion as evaluated on a basis of the SOV is associated with IS, but the association is weak and its value in the diagnosis of IS is therefore only as an adjunctive to other diagnostic modalities.
CT characterization of developmental variations of the paranasal sinuses in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Eggesbø H.B. , Søvik S. , Dølvik S. , Eiklid K. , Kolmannskog F. 
Published: July 2004

Purpose: To describe variations of paranasal sinus development in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and in non-CF patients examined for inflammatory sinonasal disease. We focused on anatomic variants that predispose to orbital and cerebral penetration during functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), e.g. hypoplasia of the maxillary sinus and low ethmoid roof. Material and Methods: One hundred and sixteen CF patients (3-54 years, median 18) and 136 control patients (7-51 years, median 31) were examined with coronal CT of the paranasal sinuses. CF patients were grouped according to number of confirmed mutations: CF-2 (n=70), CF-1 (n=32), CF-0 (n=14). CT images were evaluated with respect to paranasal sinus development, pneumatization variants and bony variants. Results: Frontal sinus aplasia and maxillary, ethmoid, and sphenoid sinus hypoplasia were markedly more frequent in CF-2 than in control patients. No CF-2 patient had pneumatization variants such as Haller cells or concha bullosa. Low ethmoid roof was seen in 30% of CF-2 children, but in no control children. CF-1 and CF-0 groups had prevalences of aplasia and hypoplasia intermediate to that of CF-2 and control patients. Conclusion: Genetically verified CF patients had less developed sinuses, lacked pneumatization variants, and more often had anatomic variants that predispose to complications during FESS. Normally developed sinuses and pneumatization variants in some genetically unverified CF patients (CF-1, CF-0) suggest that these patients may be erroneously diagnosed.
Digital skeletal radiography: Reduction of absorbed dose by adaptation of exposure factors and image processing
Authors: Axelsson B. , Petersen U. , Wiltz H.J. 
Published: July 2004

Purpose: The possibility to reduce the absorbed dose to the patient by increase of tube potential while maintaining the same exposure to the image plate and sufficient image quality in skeletal radiography has been investigated. Material and Methods: Image processing parameters were adjusted to account for an increase in tube potential by 20 kV. Revision of image processing parameters was based on measurements with phantoms constructed to simulate the histogram shape recorded for clinical images. Image quality was evaluated both using image quality criteria and visual grading analysis. Energy imparted was calculated from measurement of the kerma-area-product. Results and Conclusion: Energy imparted was reduced by 20-30% using the modified technique with increased kV. All images were considered of accurate quality for diagnosis and the difference in image quality score was marginal. There was, however, a significant shift towards lower grades for the "high kV" technique using visual grading analysis.
Marking of nonpalpable breast lesions using a custom carbon suspension
Authors: Arman A. , Kilicoglu G. , Guner H. Hatipoglu , Celik L. 
Published: July 2004

Purpose: To review results of carbon marking in non-palpable breast lesions using a different type of a carbon suspension containing 0.5% polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (PSM). Material and Methods: Sixteen lesions of 16 patients with indeterminate or suspicious mammographic findings underwent stereotaxic carbon marking. With the aid of tracing of the carbon stains surgery was then performed. Results: Pathology revealed malignancy in 26% of the cases and the missed rate by carbon marking was 6% (1 lesion). Carbon marking is an easier application compared to hook-wire systems in localizing occult breast lesions. PSM added to a 4% carbon suspension results in a more homogeneous suspension, prevents early precipitation and eases injection. Animal studies have shown that no local or peripheral tissue reactions are elicited with either pure PSM or in a mixture with carbon. Conclusion: We recommend addition of PSM to carbon marking suspensions.
Allergic reactions at repeat femoral angiography with ioxaglate
Authors: Nilsson S. , Bergstrand L. , Erikson U. , Johansson J. , Ö. Smedby , Walldius G. 
Published: July 2004

Purpose: To study the occurrence of allergy-like reactions at angiography, repeated several times, and, secondly, to evaluate the effect of prophylactic treatment in individuals who had earlier experienced such reactions. Material and Methods: One hundred and fifty-seven patients with hypercholesterolaemia, participating in the Probucol Quantitative Regression Swedish Trial (PQRST), underwent aortofemoral angiography with ioxaglate (Hexabrix) repeated annually for 3 years. Allergic reactions to the contrast medium were recorded. At the following angiographies, all patients who had earlier experienced such reactions were treated prophylactically with steroids and antihistamine. Results: Allergic reactions were observed in 35 patients. Twelve reacted only year 0, 3 only year 1, 5 only year 2 and 6 only year 3. Eight patients had at least one reaction also when treated prophylactically. It was significantly ( p&lt;0.05) more common to react at year 0 but not at year 1 than to react at year 1 but not at year 0. At years 1, 2 and 3 the frequency of reactions was significantly greater in the group given prophylactic treatment than in the group without any earlier reaction at all: 8/20 versus 3/137, 4/23 versus 6/134, and 6/29 versus 6/128, respectively. Conclusion: Some individuals had an increased risk of an allergy-like reaction to the contrast agent. Prophylactic treatment reduced the risk of renewed reactions, but not to the same level as for those without earlier reaction. Nevertheless, individuals who have had earlier reactions can be investigated in the future, with prophylactic treatment.
Book Reviews
Authors: Mallmin Hans , Söderman Michael , Rossitti Sandro , Jangland Lars , Friberg Ulla 
Published: July 2004

Manual of Bone Densitometry Measurements. An Aid to the Interpretation of Bone Densitometry Measurements in a Clinical Setting. Edited by J. N. Fordham. Springer-Verlag 2000. ISBN 1-85233-278-6. 226 pages. Price: Hardcover DEM 269. Thrombolytic Therapy for Stroke. Edited by Patrick D. Lyden. The Human Press 2001. 410 pages. ISBN 0-896-03746-0. Price: Hardcover 125 USD Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 4th Edn. Edited by P. A. Rinck. Blackwell Wissenschaft 2001 245 pages; 290 figures; 45 tables; includes a CD-ROMwith MR Image Expert version 2.5, and Dynalize version 1.0 Demo. ISBN 0-632-05986-9. Price: hardcover: DEM 198.00 Computed Tomography. By W. A. Kalender. Publicis MCD Verlag 2000. ISBN 3-89578-081-2. Endoscopic Evaluation and Treatment of Swallowing Disorders. By S. E. Langmore. Thieme Verlag 2000. ISBN 3-13-116391-7. Price: DEM 228
Cardioprotective effects of the MR contrast agent MnDPDP and its metabolite MnPLED upon reperfusion of the ischemic porcine myocardium
Authors: Karlsson J.O.G. , Brurok H. , Eriksen M. , Towart R. , Toft K.G. , Moen O. , Engebretsen B. , Jynge P. , Refsum H. 
Published: July 2004

Purpose: To evaluate whether manganese dipyridoxyl diphosphate (MnDPDP) or its metabolite manganese dipyridoxyl ethyldiamine (MnPLED) reduces post-ischemic myocardial injury. Material and Methods: Left anterior descending artery (LAD) in anesthetized pigs was occluded (30 min) followed by reperfusion (120 min) during hemodynamic monitoring and infarct assessment. Three μmol/kg MnDPDP, 1 μmol/kg MnPLED (or a mixture of both) or saline was injected i.v. 10 min before reperfusion followed by infusion of either 3 μmol/kg/h MnDPDP, 1 μmol/kg/h MnPLED (or a mixture of both) or saline. The plasma concentrations of MnDPDP, MnPLED and other metabolites (e.g., ZnDPDP and ZnPLED) were analyzed. Results: Femoral blood flow was reduced by 60% during early reperfusion in controls, whereas only 23 and 31% reductions were seen in animals treated with MnDPDP and MnPLED. During that time, +LV/dP and -LV/dP (maximum rate of left ventricular isovolumic contraction and relaxation, respectively), systolic pressure and diastolic pressure fell significantly less in animals treated with MnDPDP or MnPLED. Three out of 5 control animals experienced ventricular fibrillation (VF) during reperfusion, whereas VF was not seen in any of the pigs treated with MnPLED or/and MnDPDP. The infarct sizes in saline- and MnPLED-treated animals were 39±6 and 16±5%, respectively, of the occluded areas. MnDPDP did not reduce the infarct size. A mixture of MnDPDP and MnPLED significantly reduced infarct size (10±4%). When reperfusion started and throughout reperfusion, almost all injected MnDPDP was present as Zn-metabolites. Conclusion: MnPLED seems to reduce reperfusion-induced cardiac dysfunction and infarct size in pigs. MnDPDP does not reduce infarct size in the pig, probably because of the rapid exchange of Mn2+ for Zn2+ taking place in the pig.
PRE-operative grading of intracranial glioma: Comparison of MR-determined cerebral blood volume maps with thallium-201 SPECT
Authors: W.W.-M. Lam , K.-W. Chan , W.-L. Wong , W.-S. Poon , Metreweli C. 
Published: July 2004

Aim: To compare the accuracy of MR-determined cerebral blood volume (CBV) maps with SPECT imaging with thallium-201 in pre-operative grading of intracranial glioma. Material and Methods: Nineteen patients (7 female and 12 male, mean age 46.8 years) with intracranial gliomas were examined with MR perfusion imaging pre-operatively. Sixteen of these patients were also examined with SPECT imaging with thallium-201. The tumour to contralateral white matter NI (negative integral) and tracer uptake ratios were evaluated. The ratios in high-grade and low-grade tumours were compared. Results: The maximum CBV ratios of grades I and II gliomas (2.958±2.217) were significantly lower than the maximum CBV ratio of grades III and IV (9.484±4.520), p&lt;0.001. There was no statistical difference when CBV ratios of grades I and II ( p=0.381), grades II and III ( p=0.229) and grades III and IV ( p=0.476) gliomas were compared. Thallium SPECT imaging showed no difference in tumour uptake ratio between low-grade and high-grade gliomas ( p=0.299). Conclusion: MR-determined NI was useful for pre-operative grading of intracranial gliomas but SPECT thallium-201 imaging was not.
Value of high-resolution MR in patients scheduled for cochlear implantation
Authors: Seitz J. , Held P. , Waldeck A. , Strotzer M. , Völk M. , Strutz J. , Feuerbach S. 
Published: July 2004

Objective: To determine sensitivity and specificity of high-resolution MR imaging and of high-resolution axial CT (HRCT) and to compare the two modalities in predicting the surgical and functional success of cochlear implantation. Material and Methods: The presurgical MR images (2D T2W TSE, 3D T2*W CISS, plain and contrast-enhanced 3D T1W MP-RAGE) and axial HRCT findings of 26 patients were evaluated with regard to the predictive value concerning the success of cochlear implantation. Results: We found a high correlation between MR and HRCT and the success of cochlear implantation. In all 26 patients, the MR-based predictions concerning the success of cochlear implantation were correct. In 10 patients, MR gave additional information to HRCT. In all patients, MR gave sufficient information about the status of the inner ear, inner auditory canal and cochlear nerve to aid the surgeon during the operation. Conclusion: A high-resolution MR protocol consisting of coronal 2D T2W TSE, 3D T2*W axial CISS, plain and contrast-enhanced sagittal T1W 3D MP-RAGE is recommended for the evaluation of candidates scheduled for cochlear implantation. It provides information which cannot be obtained by HRCT.
Emphysema in heavy smokers with normal chest radiography: Detection and quantification by HRCT
Authors: Sashidhar K. , Gulati M. , Gupta D. , Monga S. , Suri S. 
Published: July 2004

Purpose: To determine the severity and extent of emphysema in heavy smokers by high-resolution CT (HRCT) and to correlate the findings with spirometric tests (STs) and symptomatology. Material and Methods: Fifty adult smokers with a mean age of 53 years with a smoking history of more than 30 pack years and normal chest radiographs underwent HRCT of the chest and ST (FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEFR). Among these, 22 had symptoms of pulmonary disease and 28 were asymptomatic. Quantification of emphysema was done using a density mask program and the visual scoring method. The results were correlated with ST and symptomatology. Results: 58% (29 out of 50) of the subjects had significant emphysema on HRCT. Eleven out of 15 with normal ST showed emphysema on HRCT while 2 with airflow obstruction on ST showed normal CT scores. 14% (4 out of 28) asymptomatic subjects had severe emphysema compared to 64% of symptomatic subjects. Emphysematous changes were predominantly seen in upper lung zones in 48% of the patients while in 52% it was distributed equally in both upper and lower zones. The number of pack years of smoking showed a positive correlation with CT scores. The correlation between HRCT scores and ST was statistically significant. Conclusion: A significant number of asymptomatic and clinically undiagnosed smokers tend to have significant emphysema. HRCT helps in early detection of disease and thus helps implementation of preventive measures.