bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flow-induced high frequency vascular wall vibrations in an arteriovenous fistula: a specific stimulus for stenosis development?
Authors: Bozzetto Michela , Remuzzi Andrea , Valen-Sendstad Kristian 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHemodialysis is the lifeline for nearly three million end stage renal disease patients worldwide. Native arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the preferred vascular access, but 40% fail within 1 year. We recently demonstrated that AVFs harbour transitional flows and the goal of the present study was to investigate whether the associated high-frequency pressure fluctuations could promote vibrations within the vascular wall. We acquired MRI images and flow rates immediately after surgery in one patient and generated a 3D patient-specific model. High-fidelity fluid structure interaction simulations revealed the presence of wall vibrations in distinct frequency bands up to 200 Hz and amplitude of 200 μm. A sensitivity analysis to assess the impact of flow rates, and vascular wall stiffness and thickness, changes that typically occur during AVF maturation, confirmed the robustness of the results. Interestingly, the vibrations were always predominant at the anastomosis floor and on the inner venous side, which correlates with typical stenotic regions. As studies seeking to correlate aberrant stresses and vascular remodelling have been largely inconclusive, the focal colocalization between vibrations and stenosis may suggest an unknown mechanobiological process between high-frequency mechanical stresses within the vascular wall and adverse vascular remodelling.
Magnetic targeting of lornoxicam/SPION bilosomes loaded in a thermosensitive in situ hydrogel system for the management of osteoarthritis: Optimization, in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies in rat model via modulation of RANKL/OPG
Authors: Ibrahiem Basma , Shamma Rehab , Salama Abeer , Refai Hanan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOsteoarthritis is a bone and joint condition characterized pathologically by articular cartilage degenerative damage and can develop into a devastating and permanently disabling disorder. This investigation aimed to formulate the anti-inflammatory drug lornoxicam (LOR) into bile salt–enriched vesicles loaded in an in situ forming hydrogel as a potential local treatment of osteoarthritis. This was achieved by formulating LOR-loaded bilosomes that are also loaded with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for intra-muscular (IM) administration to improve joint targeting and localization by applying an external magnet to the joint. A 31.22full factorial design was employed to develop the bilosomal dispersions and the optimized formula including SPION (LSB) was loaded into a thermosensitive hydrogel. Moreover, in vivo evaluation revealed that the IM administration of LSB combined with the application of an external magnet to the joint reversed carrageen-induced suppression in motor activity and osteoprotegerin by significantly reducing the elevations in mitogen-activated protein kinases, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa beta/osteoprotegerin expressions. In addition, the histopathological evaluation of knee joint tissues showed a remarkable improvement in the injured joint tissues. The results proved that the developed LSB could be a promising IM drug delivery system for osteoarthritis management.Graphical Abstract
Current Challenges and Future Prospects of Osseointegration Limb Reconstruction for Amputees
Authors: Akhtar Muhammad Adeel , Low Caroline , Tiemessen Christopher , Hoellwarth Jason Shih , Al Muderis Munjed , Tetsworth Kevin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Although osseointegration has proven successful at improving the physical deficits that traditional prostheses leave unfulfilled, future innovation should be systematically guided rather than randomly explored. Therefore, this article attempts to summarise, in a systematic manner, the challenges and prospects of osseointegration limb reconstruction for amputees from an implant design and manufacturing point of view, to provide a template for the development of the next generation of osseointegration implants. A scoping literature review was conducted, and key papers were identified and summarised. To combat osseointegration-related infection, advances such as smart implant coatings, mechanical inactivation of bacteria, biofilm eradication, implant monitoring technologies and nanotechnology were evaluated. Regarding production and biomaterials, the potential of 3D printing to balance supply and demand to achieve cost-effectiveness and sustainability were investigated. Considering the evolution of designs and the goal to provide a sensate limb, the prospects of smart implants, biofeedback and myoelectric pattern recognition were also explored. Osseointegration appears to follow a trajectory like that of total joint arthroplasty, which gained widespread clinical acceptance and adoption over the last 50 years. In our opinion, the future of amputee rehabilitation is bright, and we are optimistic osseointegration will continue to progress and advance as new technologies emerge.
On the Judicialization of Health and Access to Medicines in Latin America
Authors: Iunes Roberto , Guerra Junior Augusto Afonso 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn a context of rapid technological innovation and expensive new products, the paper calls for the generation of real-world data to inform decision-making and an international discussion on the affordability of new medicines, particularly for low- and middle-income countries. Without these, the challenges of health judicialization will continue to grow.
Implications of Fault‐Valve Behavior From Immediate Aftershocks Following the 2023 Mj6.5 Earthquake Beneath the Noto Peninsula, Central Japan
Authors: Kato Aitaro 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe Mj6.5 (Mw6.2) event that occurred on 5 May 2023 near the northern shoreline of the northeastern tip of the Noto Peninsula, central Japan, is the largest event to date in a long‐lasting, intense earthquake swarm. Here we have created a more precise aftershock catalog associated with the 2023 Mj6.5 and the second‐largest 2022 Mj5.4 sequence to understand the rupture process of this largest earthquake. Most of the aftershocks are aligned along a ∼45° SE‐dipping plane. The mainshock initially ruptured the same deep section of the fault zone that had been ruptured by the 2022 Mj5.4 event, before propagating rapidly to shallow depths and to offshore along the ruptured fault plane. The aftershock front migrated at a speed of ∼20 km/hr. This rapid upward migration of the immediate aftershocks might be driven by upwelling of crustal fluids along the intensely fractured and permeable fault zone via mainshock dynamic rupture.
U‐Net Segmentation for the Detection of Convective Cold Pools From Cloud and Rainfall Fields
Authors: Hoeller Jannik , Fiévet Romain , Engelbrecht Edward , Haerter Jan O. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractConvective cold pools (CPs) mediate interactions between convective rain cells and help organize thunderstorm clusters, in particular mesoscale convective systems and extreme rainfall events. Unfortunately, the observational detection of CPs on a large scale has been hampered by the lack of relevant near‐surface data. Unlike numerical studies, where fields, such as virtual temperature or wind, are available at high resolution and frequently used to detect CPs, observational studies mainly identify CPs based on surface time series, for example, from weather stations or research vessels—thus limiting studies to a regional scope. To expand to a global scope, we here develop and evaluate a methodology for CP detection that relies exclusively on data with (a) global availability and (b) high spatiotemporal resolution. We trained convolutional neural networks to segment CPs in high‐resolution cloud‐resolving simulation output by deliberately restricting ourselves to only cloud top temperature and rainfall fields. Apart from simulations, such data are readily available from geostationary satellites that fulfill both (a) and (b). The networks employ a U‐Net architecture, popular with image segmentation, where spatial correlations at various scales must be learned. Despite the restriction imposed, the trained networks systematically identify CP pixels. Looking ahead, our methodology aims to reliably detect CPs over tropical land from space‐borne sensors on a global scale. As it also provides information on the spatial extent and the relative positioning of CPs over time, our method may unveil the role of CPs in convective organization.
A Comprehensive Biogeochemical Assessment of Climate‐Threatened Glacial River Headwaters on the Eastern Slopes of the Canadian Rocky Mountains
Authors: Serbu J. A. , St. Louis V. L. , Emmerton C. A. , Tank S. E. , Criscitiello A. S. , Silins U. , Bhatia M. P. , Cavaco M. A. , Christenson C. , Cooke C. A. , Drapeau H. F. , Enns S. J. A. , Flett J. E. , Holland K. M. , Lavallee‐Whiffen J. , Ma M. , Muir C. E. , Poesch M. , Shin J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractClimate change is driving the loss of alpine glaciers globally, yet investigations about the water quality of rivers stemming from them are few. Here we provide an overview assessment of a biogeochemical data set containing 200+ parameters that we collected between 2019 and 2021 from the headwaters of three such rivers (Sunwapta‐Athabasca, North Saskatchewan, and Bow) which originate from the glacierized eastern slopes of the Canadian Rocky Mountains. We used regional hydrometric data sets to accurately model discharge at our 14 sampling sites. We created a Local Meteoric Water Line (LMWL) using riverine water isotope signatures and compared it to collected regional rain, snow, and glacial ice signatures. Principal component analyses of river physicochemical measures revealed distance from glacier explained more data variability than other spatiotemporal factors (i.e., season, year, or river). Discharge, chemical concentrations, and watershed areas were then used to model site‐specific open water season yields for 25 parameters. Chemical yields followed what would generally be expected along river continuums from glacierized to montane altitudinal life zones, with landscape characteristics driving chemical sources and sinks. For instance, particulate chemical yields were generally highest near source glaciers with proglacial lakes acting as settling ponds, whereas most dissolved yields varied by parameter and site. As these headwaters continue to evolve with glacier mass loss, the data set and analyses presented here can be used as a contemporary baseline to mark future change against. Further, following this initial assessment of our data set, we encourage others to mine it for additional biogeochemical studies.
Exploring Spoken Discourse and Its Neural Correlates in Women With Alzheimer's Disease With Low Levels of Education and Socioeconomic Status
Authors: Malcorra Bárbara Luzia Covatti , García Alberto Osa , Marcotte Karine , de Paz Hanna , Schilling Lucas Porcello , da Silva Filho Irênio Gomes , Soder Ricardo , da Rosa Franco Alexandre , Loureiro Fernanda , Hübner Lilian Cristine 
Published: December 2023

Purpose:
Early impairments in spoken discourse abilities have been identified in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the impact of AD on spoken discourse and the associated neuroanatomical correlates have mainly been studied in populations with higher levels of education, although preliminary evidence seems to indicate that socioeconomic status (SES) and level of education have an impact on spoken discourse. The purpose of this study was to analyze microstructural variables in spoken discourse in people with AD with low-to-middle SES and low level of education and to study their association with gray matter (GM) density.

Method:
Nine women with AD and 10 matched (age, SES, and education) women without brain injury (WWBI) underwent a neuropsychological assessment, which included two spoken discourse tasks, and structural magnetic resonance imaging. Microstructural variables were extracted from the discourse samples using NILC-Metrix software. Brain density, measured by voxel-based morphometry, was compared between groups and then correlated with the differentiating microstructural variables.

Results:
The AD group produced a lower diversity of verbal time moods and fewer words and sentences than WWBI but a greater diversity of pronouns, prepositions, and lexical richness. At the neural level, the AD group presented a lower GM density bilaterally in the hippocampus, the inferior temporal gyrus, and the anterior cingulate gyrus. Number of words and sentences produced were associated with GM density in the left parahippocampal gyrus, whereas the diversity of verbal moods was associated with the basal ganglia and the anterior cingulate gyrus bilaterally.

Conclusions:
The present findings are mainly consistent with previous studies conducted in groups with higher levels of SES and education, but they suggest that atrophy in the left inferior temporal gyrus could be critical in AD in populations with lower levels of SES and education. This research provides evidence on the importance of pursuing further studies including people with various SES and education levels.

What Is Already Known on This Subject:
Spoken discourse has been shown to be affected in Alzheimer disease, but most studies have been conducted on individuals with middle-to-high SES and high educational levels.

What This Study Adds:
The study reports on microstructural measures of spoken discourse in groups of women in the early stage of AD and healthy women, with low-to-middle SES and lower levels of education.

Clinical Implications of This Study:
This study highlights the importance of taking into consideration the SES and education level in spoken discourse analysis and in investigating the neural correlates of AD.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24905046
Room temperature persisting surface charge carriers driven by intense terahertz electric fields in a topological insulator Bi2Se3
Authors: Luo Liang , Cheng Di , Huang Chuankun , Yang Xu , Vaswani Chirag , Mootz Martin , Yao Yongxin , Liu Xinyu , Dobrowolska Margaret , Furdyna Jacek K. , Perakis Ilias E. , Wang Jigang 
Published: December 2023

Topologically protected surface current is highly promising for next-generation low-dissipation and disorder-tolerant quantum electronics and computing. Yet, electric transport from the co-existing bulk state dominates the responses of the Dirac surface state, especially at elevated temperatures relevant to technological applications. Here, we present an approach that convincingly showcases the generation, disentanglement, and precise control of enduring surface charge carriers on a topological insulator, Bi2Se3, with high bulk conductivity, all achieved at room temperature. By using pump–probe modulation spectroscopy under ultrabroadband driving tunable from 4 meV to 1.55 eV, we show the terahertz (THz) field-induced surface carriers by discovering their initial temporal responses dominant over high density trivial bulk carriers. Strikingly, the response of the induced surface carrier responses persists for more than ∼5 ps and is enhanced by reducing pump photon energy. The dynamics and lifetime of the distinct surface response manifest themselves as the enhanced THz pump-induced THz transmission, which directly correlates with the transient negative THz conductivity. Increasing the THz driving field reduces the induced surface carrier lifetime and identifies, particularly, an optimal pump field of Es ∼ 224 kV cm−1 for generating the dominant surface response relative to the bulk. This surface carrier dominant regime is suppressed by a joint effect of enhanced surface-bulk scattering and a more rapid saturation of surface excitation compared to the bulk that sets in above Es. The controllability of room temperature topologically surface carriers through pump photon energy offer compelling possibilities for extending this approach to other topological complex materials.
Functionalization of boron phosphide monolayers for spintronic applications by doping with alkali and alkaline earth metals
Authors: Bui Phuong Thuy , On Vo Van , Guerrero-Sanchez J , Hoat D M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this work, new d
0 magnetic materials are developed by doping boron phosphide (BP) monolayers with alkali (Li, Na, and K) and alkaline earth (Be, Mg, and Ca) metals. First-principles calculations confirm the good dynamical and thermal stability of the pristine monolayer. This two-dimensional model is intrinsically a non-magnetic semiconductor with a band gap of 0.90/1.36 eV, as calculated by the PBE/HSE06 functional. B-P chemical bonds are predominantly covalent, generated by electronic hybridization with a small portion of the ionic character formed by the charge transfer from the B atom to the P atom. Doping with Li, Be, and Mg on the B sublattice preserves the non-magnetic nature, causing either a considerable reduction of the band gap or metallization. Meanwhile, the monolayer is significantly magnetized with a total magnetic moment between 0.94 and 3.86 µ

B
in the remaining cases. Herein, magnetic properties are primarily produced by p orbitals of impurities and their neighboring host atoms, whereas Ca-3d orbitals also contribute to the magnetism of Ca-doped systems. Moreover, the doping process enables the emergence of either half-metallic or magnetic semiconductors in the BP monolayer to get prospective d
0 magnetic materials and generate spin current. The results presented herein demonstrate the effectiveness of doping with alkali and alkaline earth metals to obtain magnetized BP monolayers with feature-rich electronic properties, such that the doped systems can be recommended for applications in nano spintronic devices.
Spin wave excitation and detection using different meander-shaped antennas: experiment and simulation
Authors: Hara Taiga , Kasahara Kenji , Aziz Mustafa M , Manago Takashi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The excitation and detection of spin waves (SWs) with specific wavenumbers is very important not only for fundamental SW research but also for the development of future SW devices. Conventional SW theoretical and numerical studies focused on the excitation of dynamic magnetization in waveguides, and did not address the practical limitations imposed by the geometry and configuration of the detection antenna. Using the finite element method, we calculated the induced current with meander-shaped antennas on the detection side, and succeeded in simulating the wavenumber filter effect of SW signals on detection. This was confirmed using experimental measurements on permalloy waveguides. In addition, we investigated, using simulation and experimentally, the effects of combinations of different meander-shaped antennas and broadband signal-ground antennas for excitation and detection. It is found advantageous to set the meander antenna on the detection side to enable filtering and selectivity of SW wavenumber. These findings are important for the development of SW devices.
Probing of structural, electrical, and dielectric properties of samarium doped composite of barium titanate (Ba0.5Sm0.5TiO3) and cobalt ferrite (Co0.5Sm0.5Fe2O4)
Authors: Bhat Showket Ahmad , Ikram Mohd 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Multiferroic composites exhibit remarkable magnetoelectric (ME) characteristics, offering diverse applications. The study investigated samarium (Sm) doped composites, specifically (1 − x)Ba0.5Sm0.5TiO3–xCo0.5Sm0.5Fe2O4 (x = 0.0,0.02,0.04,0.06), formed by combining Sm doped BaTiO3 and CoFe2O4 using the solid-state reaction method. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed a tetragonal structure in Ba0.5Sm0.5TiO3 (SmBT) and a cubic spinel secondary phase in Co0.5Sm0.5Fe2O4 (SmCF), suggesting uniform distribution of grains. The optical bandgap in SmBT and the composite showed a slight decrease (from 3.14 eV to 3.01 eV) with increasing Sm concentration, as observed in optical studies. The dielectric measurements showed that the dielectric constant of SmBT was higher (ϵ′ = 526.3) between 80 Hz and 8 MHz, while the composites had a lower dielectric constant (ϵ′ = 438.4) at lower frequencies and the real part of dielectric was fitted by Havriliak–Negami (H–N) model shows that the dielectric curves exhibit a characteristic dispersion pattern known as the cole–cole mode (grains) also confirmed by cole–cole plot. The response exhibited linearity, adhering to the universal dielectric response model. Ferroelectric behaviour in the underlying material confirms SmBT non-centrosymmetric character and the storage efficiency (η) of all composites surpassed 90%, reaching a peak of 94.8% with a ferrite content of 0.02. The versatility of the Sm-doped composites offers opportunities for diverse applications in fields such as electronics, telecommunications, and biomedical devices. Notably, these materials can be utilized in Memory Devices, Actuators, and other relevant applications.
Simulating selected magnetic properties of Tb
x
Pr1−
x
Al2, a magnetocaloric compound
Authors: Tedesco Julio C G , Jandre Vagner , Carvalho Alexandre Magnus G , Kockelmann Winfried , Többens Daniel M , Cardoso Lisandro P , Coelho Adelino A , Bordallo Heloisa N 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Tb
x
Pr1−x
Al2 are ferrimagnetic materials exhibiting magnetocaloric effect that have gained considerable attention due to their potential use as an alternative in refrigeration, magnetic sensors and in information storage technology. Here using the mean field approach numerical simulations were conducted for x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.75, to analyze selected physical properties, such as x-ray and neutron powder diffraction, magnetization and heat capacity. The simulations successfully reproduced the experimental data providing a comprehensive characterization and improved understanding of this family of compound.
Towards the high-throughput prediction of finite-temperature properties using the quasi-harmonic approximation
Authors: Pallikara Ioanna , Skelton Jonathan M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Lattice dynamics calculations within the quasi-harmonic approximation (QHA) provide an infrastructure for modelling the finite-temperature properties of periodic solids at a modest computational cost. With the recent widespread interest in materials discovery by data mining, a database of computed finite-temperature properties would be highly desirable. In this work we provide a first step toward this goal with a comparative study of the accuracy of five exchange-correlation functionals, spanning the local density approximation (LDA), generalised-gradient approximation (GGA) and meta-GGA levels of theory, for predicting the properties of ten Group 1, 2 and 12 binary metal oxides. We find that the predictions are bounded by the LDA, which tends to underestimate lattice parameters and cell volumes relative to experiments, but yields the most accurate results for bulk moduli, expansion coefficients and Grüneisen parameters, and the PBE GGA, which shows the opposite behaviour. The PBEsol GGA gives the best overall predictions of the lattice parameters and volumes whilst also giving relatively reliable results for other properties. Our results demonstrate that, given a suitable choice of functional, a variety of finite-temperature properties can be predicted with useful accuracy, and hence that high-throughout QHA calculations are technically feasible.