bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Outcome Following Brief Psychodynamic-Interpersonal Therapy for Deliberate Self-Poisoning
Authors: Guthrie Elspeth , Kapur Navneet , Mackway-Jones Kevin , Chew-Graham Carolyn , Moorey James , Mendel Elizabeth , Marino Francis Fredrika , Sanderson Sarah , Turpin Clive , Boddy Gary 
Published: September 2003

Background: We found that brief psychodynamic-interpersonal therapy was more helpful than usual care in deliberate self-poisoning patients, and resulted in reduced suicidal ideation and repetition of self-harm in the 6 months post-treatment. Here, we explore which baseline factors predicted outcome following treatment. Method: Patients presenting to an emergency department with deliberate self-poisoning were randomly assigned to brief psychodynamic-interpersonal therapy (PIT) or usual care. Severity of suicidal ideation 6 months post-treatment was used as the main outcome measure. Sociodemographic features and baseline psychological measures were used as predictor variables. Univariate and regression analyses were used to identify predictors of outcome for the whole group and for those who received psychotherapy. Results: Principal predictors for the psychotherapy group were baseline severity of depression and a prior history of self-harm. For the group as a whole predictors were severity of suicidal ideation, anxiety and prior history of self-harm. Conclusions: Four session PIT for deliberate self-poisoning is effective in reducing suicidal ideation in patients with less severe depression, no prior history of self-harm, and who have not consumed alcohol with the overdose. Extended therapy may be indicated for those with more severe depression.
Clinical and Service Implications of a Cognitive Analytic Therapy Model of Psychosis
Authors: Kerr Ian B. , Birkett Paul B. L. , Chanen Andrew 
Published: September 2003

Cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) is an integrative, interpersonal model of therapy predicated on a radically social concept of self, developed over recent years in the UK by Anthony Ryle. A CAT-based model of psychotic disorder has been developed much more recently based on encouraging early experience in this area. The model describes and accounts for many psychotic experiences and symptoms in terms of distorted, amplified or muddled enactments of normal or ‘neurotic’ reciprocal role procedures (RRPs) and of damage at a meta-procedural level to the structures of the self. Reciprocal role procedures are understood in CAT to represent the outcome of the process of internalization of early, sign-mediated, interpersonal experience and to constitute the basis for all mental activity, normal or otherwise. Enactments of maladaptive RRPs generated by early interpersonal stress are seen in this model to constitute a form of ‘internal expressed emotion’. Joint description of these RRPs and their enactments (both internally and externally) and their subsequent revision is central to the practice of CAT during which they are mapped out through written and diagrammatic reformulations. This model may usefully complement and extend existing approaches, notably recent CBTbased interventions, particularly with ‘difficult’ patients, and generate meaningful and helpful understandings of these disorders for both patients and their treating teams. We suggest that use of a coherent and robust model such as CAT could have important clinical and service implications in terms of developing and researching models of these disorders as well as for the training of multidisciplinary teams in their effective treatment.
Quality of Life of Community-Based Chronic Schizophrenia Patients in Penang, Malaysia
Authors: Mubarak A. R. , Baba Ismail , Heng Chin Low , Soon Hoe Quah 
Published: September 2003

Objective: This is a study of the quality of life (QOL) of 174 community-based chronic schizophrenia patients in Penang, Malaysia. Method: The study samples were selected from the Out Patient Department, Department of Psychiatry, Penang General Hospital, Malaysia. The data was collected through personal interviews with the respondents. A questionnaire prepared by the research team was used to collect data on background characteristics. Lehman's (1988) Quality of Life Interview was used to collect data on patients’ QOL. Result: Equal number of males and females participated in the study. The interviews on QOL indicated problems in the areas of life in general, place of living, daily activities, social relations, finance, work and general health. The results also revealed that community-based schizophrenia patients had acute poverty and experienced social isolation, discrimination and exploitation in the workplace. Conclusion: Implications of these results on the implementation process of National Mental Health Policy in Malaysia are discussed. The research paper also discusses the negative impacts of limited rehabilitation facilities available in the community and its implications on the QOL of severely mentally ill patients. The need for immediate research attention on QOL of such patients in the South-east Asian region has been highlighted.
Delusions: The Continuum Versus Category Debate
Authors: Mullen Richard 
Published: September 2003

Objective: In this paper I critically review the recently developed idea that delusions are best considered as part of a continuum along with more ordinary human beliefs. Method: A literature review of the area was guided by a Medline search, and supplemented with material already known to the author. Claims that recent research supports the continuum hypothesis is critiqued. Results: The argument and evidence advanced for the continuum approach to delusions depends largely on: (i) inadequacies of prevailing definitions of delusion, particularly in the light of evidence that delusional conviction is often not absolute; and (ii) the high prevalence of unusual beliefs in community populations. To the extent that the delusion construct contains much in addition to conviction and unusual or false belief content, the continuity approach is weak. The category of delusions continues to have some validity. Conclusion: Both categorical and continuous approaches to delusions have validity that depends at any time on our immediate clinical or scientific needs. No definitive resolution of the category versus continuum debate is likely to emerge.
Dexamethasone‐induced exophthalmos in a group of Holstein calves
Authors: Townsend Wendy M. , Renninger Matthew , Stiles Jean , Townsend Jonathan R. , Krohne Sheryl G. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractSix Holstein calves were evaluated for progressive exophthalmos. The affected calves were receiving daily injections of dexamethasone (30 µg/kg subcutaneously twice daily) as part of a metabolic study. The control calves did not exhibit exophthalmos. The ocular examinations were normal except for the exophthalmos, which ranged from mild to marked in severity. Upon postmortem examination, marked deposition of retrobulbar adipose tissue was noted in the affected calves. Dexamethasone administration appears to increase deposition of retrobulbar adipose tissue resulting in a progressive exophthalmos.
Nonulcerative keratouveitis as a manifestation of Leptospiral infection in a horse
Authors: Wada Shinya , Yoshinari Masanobu , Katayama Yoshinari , Anzai Toru , Wada Ryuichi , Akuzawa Masao 
Published: August 2003

AbstractA 2‐year‐old Thoroughbred filly presented with ocular pain and epiphora of the left eye. The pupil was miotic and the cornea edematous near the ventro‐temporal limbus, but did not retain any fluorescein. The topical antibiotics and atropine and diclofenac, and systemic flunixin meglumine and antibiotic therapy did not resolve the condition. A pink and fleshy infiltrate developed near the limbus indicating nonulcerative keratouveitis. The anterior uveitis deteriorated as manifested by the presence of dyscoria, hypopyon, and organized fibrin in the anterior chamber. Ocular signs were improved by topical and subconjunctival corticosteroids, but repeatedly deteriorated as the frequency of medication was reduced. The horse was seropositive to three serovars ofLeptospira interrogans. The animal was diagnosed as blind on day 91 by the absence of pupillary light and menace reflexes, and donated for histopathologic diagnosis. The corneal opacity was histologically fibrotic and infiltrated predominantly by lymphocytes with Descemet's membrane partially disrupted by macrophages. The choroid was infiltrated by lymphocytes, eosinophils and basophils, and was positive to IgG and C3. There were filamentous or spiral structures positive to Warthin‐Starry stain in the renal cortex. There was also polymerase chain reaction amplification of the leptospiral gene in the kidney. From these findings nonulcerative keratouveitis was believed to be caused by systemic infection with Leptospira.
Myxosarcoma in the eye and brain in a dog
Authors: Richter Marianne , Stankeova Simona , Hauser Beat , Scharf Gernot , Spiess Bernhard M. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractA male mixed breed dog of unknown age was presented with sudden onset of blindness and a slightly exophthalmic right eye. Ophthalmoscopically, a spherical, pinkish mass protruding from the region of the optic disc into the vitreous was seen in the right eye. Ultrasound and computer tomography demonstrated an extension of the mass into the right retrobulbar space, continuing intracranially to the optic chiasm. Cytologic findings, obtained by ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration from the retrobulbar space, were consistent with myxosarcoma. On the basis of these findings of a well‐delineated mass in the brain stem area, irradiation was planned as the therapy of choice. The dog was treated under general anesthesia using a proton beam at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI, Villigen, Switzerland). A curative protocol (56 Gy in 16 fractions over 4 weeks, 3.5 Gy/fraction) was used. Twenty‐seven days post radiation therapy the dog was euthanized, as clinical symptoms progressed. Enlargement of the intracranial tumor was seen on a CT study repeated on the day of euthanasia. A gross pathologic and histologic examination were performed and confirmed the diagnosis of a myxosarcoma involving the eye, retrobulbar space of the right side, and the optic chiasm. Post‐mortem examination failed to identify any abnormalities or metastases elsewhere in the body.
Effects of transcorneal iridal photocoagulation on the canine corneal endothelium using a diode laser
Authors: Chandler Matthew J. , Moore Phillip A. , Dietrich Ursula M. , Martin Charles L. , Vidyashankar Anand , Chen Guorong 
Published: August 2003

AbstractObjective To investigate the potential damage to the canine corneal endothelium following transcorneal iridal laser photocoagulation using a semiconductor diode laser.Animals studied  Sixteen young mongrel dogs.Procedures Baseline corneal endothelial cell counts and corneal thickness were measured in the central and temporal quadrants using a noncontact specular microscope under general anesthesia. Transcorneal iridal photocoagulation was applied using a semiconductor diode laser in a continuous mode with the use of an operating microscope. Fifteen dogs were treated, and the sixteenth dog served as a control. Fifteen different treatment combinations were randomly assigned to the 30 eyes; the fellow eye was treated differently. Three treatment factors were investigated: (1) laser energy intensity, (2) target tissue to endothelial distance, and (3) laser application duration. After 3 weeks the dogs were euthanized, specular microscopy was repeated, and the cornea was examined by scanning electron microscopy.Results  Dyscoria and focal iris darkening were noted in all eyes immediately following laser treatment. Focal corneal edema (n = 2) and an incipient anterior capsular cataract (n = 1) were also noted. Baseline mean corneal endothelial cell densities were 2530 cells/mm2centrally and 2607 cells/mm2temporally. Postlaser corneal endothelial cell densities were 2499 cells/mm2centrally and 2523 cells/mm2temporally. Mean prelaser corneal thickness measurements were 0.555 mm centrally and 0.549 mm temporally. Postlaser corneal thickness measurements were 0.580 mm centrally and 0.554 mm temporally. Statistical analyzes revealed no significant changes in endothelial cell densities (P > 0.05) or corneal thickness (P > 0.05) induced by any treatment combination. Aside from tissue handling and processing artifacts, scanning electron microscopy revealed no endothelial cell damage.Conclusions  Our study demonstrated by specular and scanning electron microscopy that diode laser iridal photocoagulation had no significant effect on the canine corneal endothelium within the parameters described. However, one must take into consideration the young age of the dogs and the potential for corneal endothelial cell regeneration in young dogs, and the relatively short period of postoperative study.
Localization of smooth muscle actin in the iridocorneal angle of normal and spontaneous glaucomatous beagle dogs
Authors: Ryland T. R. , Lewis P. A. , Chisholm M. , Gelatt K. N. , Samuelson D. A. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractPurpose  To date, our knowledge of the canine trabecular meshwork (TM) with regard to contractility is incomplete. It is important to understand the potential contractile capability within the TM and possible changes associated with spontaneous hypertensive glaucoma. To that end we have examined the presence of actin, including smooth muscle (SM) actin, in the normal and glaucomatous canine iridocorneal angle (ICA) morphologically and immunohistochemically.Methods  Sections from the ICAs of 12 Beagles with inherited glaucoma (3 months to 6 years old) and age‐matched normal Beagles were treated with target retrieval, protein and power blocked and sequentially incubated with the primary antibody (rat anticanine SM actin) and the secondary antibody (rabbit antirat immunoglobulin), followed by peroxidase labeled streptavidin and incubation with substrate‐chromogen solution (AEC). Smooth muscle fibers that lined an artery within canine heart tissue were used as positive controls. Separate specimens were prepared for ultrastructual observation.Results  Ultrastructurally, cells within the inner, posterior region of the corneoscleral TM and outer, posterior region of the uveal TM contained many microfilaments, 6 nm in diameter (i.e. actin). Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that cells within these regions possessed SM actin, having been greatest posteriorly, but extended anteriorly to a lesser extent. In the preglaucomatous affected dog the localization pattern for SM actin was identical to that seen in the normal dogs. With the progression of the disease the pattern disappeared.Conclusions  The interior presence of myofibroblastic cells within the canine ICA suggests that these cells and the smooth muscle cells of the ciliary body along the same plane of orientation function to facilitate the removal of aqueous humor and are likely to be influenced by vascular mediators. The contractile apparatus for the ICA in the dog with inherited glaucoma appeared identical to that of the normal dog prior to expression of the disease, but weakened as the disease progressed.
Effects of growth factors (EGF, PDGF‐BB and TGF‐β1) on cultured equine epithelial cells and keratocytes: implications for wound healing
Authors: Haber Marion , Cao Zhiyi , Panjwani Noorjahan , Bedenice Daniela , Li William W. , Provost Patricia J. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractObjective  The physiologic mechanisms involving growth factors, including PDGF‐BB, EGF, and TGF‐β1, as potent mediators of fibroblasts and epithelial cells in corneal wound healing remain unknown. The goal of this study was to determine culture methods for equine epithelial cells and keratocytes and to investigate how exogenous growth factors influence proliferation of both cell types.Procedures  Cell cultures were established from healthy corneas harvested from horses immediately following euthanasia and maintained using standard tissue culture protocols. To determine the effects of PDGF‐BB, EGF, TGF‐β1, keratocytes (1 × 105/well) and epithelial cells (2 × 105/well) were each cultured in 12 well plates and exposed separately to the growth factors. The cells were exposed to concentrations of EGF between 0 and 50 ng/mL; PDGF‐BB between 0 and 75 ng/mL; and TGF‐β1 between 0 and 10 ng/mL. Cell proliferation was measured using 3H‐thymidine assay and differences in growth determined using anova and Tukey's HSD test (P < 0.05).Results  Epithelial cell and keratocyte cultures were successfully established. EGF maximally stimulated keratocyte and epithelial cells at 25 ng/mL and 5 ng/mL, respectively. PDGF‐BB maximally stimulated keratocytes and epithelial cells at 50 ng/mL and 5 ng/mL, respectively. TGF‐β1 inhibited keratocytes at 5 ng/mL and 10 ng/mL, and epithelial cells at 1 ng/mL and 2 ng/mL.Conclusions  Methods were established to maintain epithelial cells and keratocytes in vitro. PDGF‐BB and EGF stimulate, while TGF‐β1 inhibits the proliferation of epithelial cells and keratocytes. These growth factors may play a role in maintenance and repair of the equine cornea.
A study of the morphology of canine eyes enucleated or eviscerated due to complications following phacoemulsification
Authors: Moore Denise L. , McLellan Gillian J. , Dubielzig Richard R. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThis study was undertaken to describe the histopathologic abnormalities observed in canine eyes enucleated or eviscerated due to complications following phacoemulsification; to correlate these findings with the clinical abnormalities reported, and to suggest, if apparent, likely causes and effects of these abnormalities. Sixty‐six canine globes or evisceration samples received for histopathologic interpretation over a 10‐year period (1990–2000) were studied. All globes and evisceration samples were obtained from clinical patients examined by board‐certified ophthalmologists. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and alcian blue/periodic acid Schiff (PAS) stained sections were examined by light microscopy in every case. A tissue Gram stain was used when indicated. Clinical information obtained from the pathology submission form was reviewed in all cases, and obtained from questionnaires completed and returned by an ophthalmologist for 51 cases (77%). The most frequent histopathologic diagnoses were glaucoma (76%) and retinal detachment (64%). The most frequently reported clinical abnormalities in this series were glaucoma (86%) and uveitis (82%). Five problem areas were identified that appear to make a significant contribution to the failure of canine cataract surgery and merit further investigation: pre‐iridal fibrovascular membranes; lens fiber regrowth; lens epithelial membranes; endophthalmitis, and the health of the corneal surgical incision.
Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia of the conjunctiva in a horse
Authors: Herrera Héctor Daniel , Duchene Adriana Graciela , Croxatto J. Oscar , Burgués Nora , Amusquibar Hugo 
Published: August 2003

AbstractObjective Vascular tumors of the conjunctiva in the horse are rare. We present a unique case of an intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia of the conjunctiva.Animal studied Horse.Procedures Case report. A 6‐year‐old‐mare presented with a red mass in the conjunctiva of the left eye. After complete ophthalmologic examination the lesion was excised. The tissue was processed for light microscopy and studied histopathologically.Results Pathologic examination revealed a nonencapsulated vascular lesion composed of confluent vascular spaces filled by multiple papillary structures composed of a central collagenous core lined by hyperplastic endothelial cells. There was neither atypical endothelial cell nor mitotic activity.Conclusions Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia is a benign proliferative lesion that should be differentiated from malignant vascular tumors.
Alginate as a new biomaterial for the growth of porcine retinal pigment epithelium
Authors: Eurell Thomas E. , Brown Daniel R. , Gerding Paul A. , Hamor Ralph E. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractObjective  Determine the effect of a 3‐dimensional alginate matrix on the growth and differentiation of cells isolated from porcine retinal pigment epithelium (RPE).Procedures  Porcine RPE cells were harvested from enucleated eyecups, isolated by differential gravity sedimentation and cultured in either alginate alone (Group 1) or on plastic tissue culture plates followed by alginate (Group 2). Group 1 cells were cultured in alginate to evaluate the efficacy of the matrix as a culture medium. Group 2 cells were initially cultured on plastic to induce dedifferentiation. The cells were then harvested, suspended in alginate beads, and incubated for a second culture period to determine if the induced dedifferentiation was reversible.Results  The number of Group 1 cells was significantly greater (P ≤ 0.01) at the end of the culture period. The amount of pigment and cell morphology of Group 1 cells at the end of the culture period was similar to that seen at initial cell isolation. The initial culture of Group 2 cells on plastic showed characteristic features of dedifferentiation marked by the loss of pigment and alterations in microscopic appearance. Secondary culture of dedifferentiated Group 2 cells in alginate beads resulted in a return to pigmentation and characteristic morphology for a majority of the cultured cells.Conclusions  Porcine RPE cells can be propagated in alginate culture with a significant increase in cell numbers while maintaining normal morphology. Under the conditions described in the present study, the dedifferentiation of porcine RPE induced by standard in vitro culture methods is reversible.
Effects of bovine lactoferrin on in vitro replication of feline herpesvirus
Authors: Beaumont Stephanie L. , Maggs David J. , Clarke Heather E. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractObjective  To investigate the effects of bovine lactoferrin on in vitro replication of feline herpes virus (FHV‐1) and to determine at what points during viral replication these effects occur.Sample population  Cultured Crandell‐Reese feline kidney (CRFK) cells and FHV‐1 strain 727.Procedure  Five concentrations of bovine lactoferrin (0.5, 1, 2, 5, and 10 mg/mL) were added at one or more of three time points during conventional plaque reduction assays: (a) uninfected CRFK cells were incubated in lactoferrin‐containing medium for 30 min prior to viral adsorption; (b) virus was suspended in lactoferrin‐containing medium prior to and during adsorption, or (c) CRFK cells were incubated with lactoferrin‐containing medium for 48 h following viral adsorption. Plaques were counted and antiviral effect expressed as percent inhibition relative to control medium that contained no lactoferrin.Results  Exposure of CRFK cells to lactoferrin prior to or during viral adsorption inhibited FHV‐1 replication by 87–96% (mean: 91%). Application of lactoferrin following viral adsorption had no appreciable effect on FHV‐1 replication. No additive or synergistic effects were noted when lactoferrin was added at multiple steps. These effects were similar at all concentrations of lactoferrin tested. Cytotoxic effects of lactoferrin on CRFK cells were not observed at any concentration tested.Conclusions and clinical relevance  Bovine lactoferrin has a notable inhibitory effect on the in vitro replication of FHV‐1 prior to and during, but not following viral adsorption. These findings strongly suggest that lactoferrin inhibits FHV‐1 adsorption to the cell surface and/or penetration of the virus into the cell. Clinical effects of topical lactoferrin in acute or recrudescent herpetic episodes in cats warrant investigation.