bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge graph‐guided object detection with semantic distance network
Authors: Gilliard Ezekia , Liu Jinshuo , Aliyu Ahmed Abubakar 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this research study, the inadequacies of current object detection techniques are analyzed. These techniques solely recognize individual objects without considering their interrelationships. To address this issue, a novel solution called the knowledge graph‐guided semantic distance network (KGSDN) approach is proposed. By utilizing a knowledge graph, KGSDN provides semantic contextual cues, leading to enhanced object detection accuracy. The KGSDN framework seamlessly integrates the knowledge graph and object detection network and employs an attention‐based network to evaluate the semantic distance between objects. As a result, the conditional object probability of every bounding box is updated, and the joint probability of all objects in the image is determined. The empirical findings indicate that this approach significantly improves the performance of deep learning‐based object detection methods.
An integrated charging equalizing converter based on Cuk converter for solar home system
Authors: Liu Yihong , Lin Zhenmin , Xu Bin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA solar home system (SHS), containing three independent parts, namely a load voltage dc–dc converter, an energy storage device (ESD) charger, and an ESD equalizer, will become bulky and costly. Thus, based on Cuk converter, an integrated charging equalizing converter (ICEC) is proposed. The ICEC can achieve load voltage converting, battery/supercapacitor (SC) charging, and equalizing simultaneously. The idea of the ICEC is using a voltage multiplier (VM) to replace the capacitor in Cuk convertor, and then reusing the VM as a charging equalizer. When the Cuk converter is operating, the voltage ripple generated on the VM, which can be regarded as an ac voltage source, is utilized to drive the VM. Therefore, compared with the traditional methods, the charging and equalizing can be achieved without extra switches and magnetic elements. A prototype for four SCs is built to verify the feasibility of the proposed method. And the system efficiency is 87%, corresponding to the input power 5.6 W, the load output power 3.54 W, and the charging balance power 1.33 W. Moreover, a quantitative comparison shows the proposed method can reduce the system size and cost effectively.
Ex-vivo-Mikro-CT in der Augenheilkunde: Probenbehandlung und -kontrastierung für die 3D-Darstellung
Authors: Keiler Jonas , Stahnke Thomas , Guthoff Rudolf F. , Wree Andreas , Runge Jens 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungDie röntgenbasierte Mikrocomputertomografie (Mikro-CT) bietet ein weitgehend zerstörungsfreies Bildgebungsverfahren zur Visualisierung und Analyse interner Strukturen im Ex-vivo-Auge mit
hohen Auflösungen. Im Gegensatz zu anderen hochauflösenden Imaging-Verfahren ermöglicht die Mikro-CT die räumliche Erfassung größerer und komplexerer Gewebestrukturen wie der vorderen
Augenkammer. Spezielle Kontrastierungsmethoden helfen, die Absorptionseigenschaften von ansonsten nur schwach röntgenopaken Weichteilgeweben zu verstärken. Die vor allem in der
Rasterelektronenmikroskopie verwendete Kritisch-Punkt-Trocknung (KPT) bietet ein zusätzliches Werkzeug zur Verbesserung der differenziellen Kontrasteigenschaften im Weichteilgewebe. Bei der
Darstellung intraossärer Weichteilgewebe, wie den ableitenden Tränenwegen, liefert die Probenbehandlung durch Entkalkung mit Ethylendiamintetraessigsäure und anschließender KPT gute
Ergebnisse für die Mikro-CT. Die Mikro-CT kann für verschiedenste Fragestellungen in 1. Grundlagenforschung, 2. anwendungsbezogenen Studien in der Augenheilkunde (z. B. Evaluierung der
präklinischen Applikation von Microstents zur Glaukombehandlung oder Analyse der Positionierung von Intraokularlinsen), aber auch 3. als Ergänzung für die ophthalmologische Histopathologie
eingesetzt werden.
Chromatic Swept-Source Laser Scanning – Konzept für eine zellauflösende konfokale Laserspaltlampe?
Authors: Sperlich Karsten , Bohn Sebastian , Reichert Klaus-Martin , Stolz Heinrich , Guthoff Rudolf F. , Stachs Oliver , Allgeier Stephan 
Published: December 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die In-vivo-Charakterisierung der Morphologie des Epithelgewebes der Kornea ist von erheblicher Bedeutung für die Diagnostik, die Krankheitsprognose und die Entwicklung
einer Behandlungsstrategie bei Oberflächenerkrankungen des Auges. Im Gegensatz zu vielen alternativen Methoden bietet die In-vivo-Konfokalmikroskopie der Kornea (CCM) nicht nur eine
makroskopische Beschreibung des kornealen Gewebes, sondern ermöglicht dessen Darstellung mit zellulärer Auflösung. Die Translation der CCM von der Forschung in die klinische Praxis ist
jedoch durch die komplexe und bisher weitgehend manuelle Bedienung der verfügbaren CCM-Systeme erheblich eingeschränkt. Für Tiefenschnittbilder, analog zur konventionellen
Spaltlampenmikroskopie, müssen außerdem aufgrund der frontalen Orientierung des Bildfeldes bei der CCM in aufwendigen Tiefenscans Volumenaufnahmen erzeugt werden, aus denen sich anschließend
Tiefenschnitte berechnen lassen. Bereits die reine Aufnahmedauer liegt hierbei im Bereich von Sekunden, zusätzlich müssen Bewegungsartefakte aufwendig korrigiert werden.
Material und Methoden Dieser Beitrag stellt das Konzept und die Optiksimulation eines neuen Bildgebungsverfahrens auf Basis eines Swept-Source-Lasers in Verbindung mit einer
speziellen chromatischen Optik vor. Hierbei verändert der Laser periodisch seine Wellenlänge und wird aufgrund der wellenlängenabhängigen Aberration der chromatischen Optik in
unterschiedlichen Tiefen fokussiert.
Ergebnisse Die Ergebnisse der Optiksimulation versprechen eine gute optische Auflösung bei einer Abbildungstiefe von insgesamt 145 µm.
Schlussfolgerung Das langfristige Ziel ist die konfokalmikroskopische zellauflösende In-vivo-Bildgebung der Kornea in Echtzeit mit verschieden orientierten Schnittrichtungen.
Hydrogen Sulfate-Templated Synthesis of a Bis-Ferrocene Macrocycle
Authors: Beeren Sophie R. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA bis-ferrocene macrocycle was synthesized by reversible acylhydrazone formation under thermodynamic control, starting from a ferrocene functionalized with hydrazide and protected aldehyde moieties. A hydrogen sulfate anion acts as a template to direct the synthesis specifically toward the macrocyclic dimer, due to a weak but selective binding interaction. This work highlights the utility of dynamic combinatorial chemistry as an approach to macrocycle synthesis.
Selection of Quality Indicators to Evaluate Quality of Care for Patients with Esophageal Atresia Using a Delphi Method
Authors: Teunissen Nadine M. , Brendel Julia , Heurn L.W. Ernest van , Ure Benno , Wijnen Rene , Eaton Simon ,   on behalf of the EPSA|ERNICA Registry Group,   the EA Quality of Care Initiative
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objective Survival of neonates with esophageal atresia (EA) is relatively high and stable, resulting in increased attention to optimizing care and longer-term morbidity. This study aimed to reach consensus on a quality indicator set for benchmarking EA care between hospitals, regions, or countries in a European clinical audit.
Methods Using an online Delphi method, a panel of EA health care professionals and patient representatives rated potential outcome, structure, and process indicators for EA care identified through systematic literature and guideline review on a nine-point Likert scale in three questionnaires. Items were included based on predefined criteria. In rounds 2 and 3, participants were asked to select the five to ten most essential of the included indicators.
Results An international panel of 14 patient representatives and 71 multidisciplinary health care professionals representing 41 European hospitals completed all questionnaires (response rate: 81%), eventually including 22 baseline characteristics and 32 indicators. After ranking, 10 indicators were prioritized by both stakeholder groups. In addition, each stakeholder group highly prioritized one additional indicator. Following an additional online vote by the other group, these were both added to the final set.
Conclusion This study established a core indicator set of twenty-two baseline characteristics, eight outcome indicators, one structure indicator, and three process indicators for evaluating (quality of) EA care in Europe. These indicators, covering various aspects of EA care, will be implemented in the European Pediatric Surgical Audit to enable recognition of practice variation and focus EA care improvement initiatives.
Mass formulas for individual black holes in merging binaries
Authors: Ozkarsligil Zeynep Tugce , Tekin Bayram 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We give formulas for individual black hole masses in a merger, by using Newtonian physics, in terms of the three measured quantities in the detector: the initial wave frequency f
1, the maximum detected frequency (chirp frequency) f
2, and the time elapse τ between these two frequencies. Newtonian gravity provides an excellent pedagogical tool to understand the basic features of gravitational wave observations, but it must be augmented with the assumption of gravitational radiation from General Relativity for accelerating masses as there is no gravitational wave Newtonian gravity. The simplest approach would be to consider a binary system of two non-spinning masses (two black holes) circling their common center of mass. All the computations can be done within Newtonian physics, but the General Relativistic formula for the power carried by gravitational waves is required in this scheme. It turns out there is a subtle point: for the consistency of this simple, yet pedagogical computation, taking the lowest order power formula from General Relativity leads to complex individual masses. Here we remedy this problem and suggest a way to write down an average power formula coming from perturbative General Relativity.
Surrogate-driven respiratory motion model for projection-resolved motion estimation and motion compensated cone-beam CT reconstruction from unsorted projection data
Authors: Huang Yuliang , Thielemans Kris , Price Gareth , McClelland Jamie R 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective. As the most common solution to motion artefact for cone-beam CT (CBCT) in radiotherapy, 4DCBCT suffers from long acquisition time and phase sorting error. This issue could be addressed if the motion at each projection could be known, which is a severely ill-posed problem. This study aims to obtain the motion at each time point and motion-free image simultaneously from unsorted projection data of a standard 3DCBCT scan. Approach. Respiration surrogate signals were extracted by the Intensity Analysis method. A general framework was then deployed to fit a surrogate-driven motion model that characterized the relation between the motion and surrogate signals at each time point. Motion model fitting and motion compensated reconstruction were alternatively and iteratively performed. Stochastic subset gradient based method was used to significantly reduce the computation time. The performance of our method was comprehensively evaluated through digital phantom simulation and also validated on clinical scans from six patients. Results. For digital phantom experiments, motion models fitted with ground-truth or extracted surrogate signals both achieved a much lower motion estimation error and higher image quality, compared with non motion-compensated results.For the public SPARE Challenge datasets, more clear lung tissues and less blurry diaphragm could be seen in the motion compensated reconstruction, comparable to the benchmark 4DCBCT images but with a higher temporal resolution. Similar results were observed for two real clinical 3DCBCT scans. Significance. The motion compensated reconstructions and motion models produced by our method will have direct clinical benefit by providing more accurate estimates of the delivered dose and ultimately facilitating more accurate radiotherapy treatments for lung cancer patients.
Pushing the limit of BGO-based dual-ended Cherenkov PET detectors through photon transit time correction
Authors: Yi Minseok , Ko Guen Bae , Lee Jae Sung 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective. The high production cost of commonly used lutetium-based fast scintillators and the development of silicon photomultipliers technology have made bismuth germanate (BGO) a promising candidate for time-of-flight positron emission tomography (TOF PET) detectors owing to its generation of prompt Cherenkov photons. However, using BGO as a hybrid scintillator is disadvantageous owing to its low photon statistics and distribution that does not conform well to a single Gaussian. To mitigate this, a proposal was made to increase the likelihood of detecting the first Cherenkov photons by positioning two photosensors in opposition at the entrance and exit faces of the scintillator and subsequently selectively picking an earlier timestamp. Nonetheless, the timing variation arising from the photon transit time remains affected by the entire length of the crystal, thereby presenting a possibility for further enhancement. Approach. In this study, we aimed to improve the timing performance of the dual-ended BGO Cherenkov TOF PET detector by capitalizing on the synergistic advantages of applying depth-of-interaction (DOI) information and crystal surface finishes or reflector properties. A dual-ended BGO detector was implemented using a 3 × 3 × 15 mm3 BGO crystal. Coincidence events were acquired against a 3 × 3 × 3 mm3 LYSO:Ce:Mg reference detector. The timing performance of the dual-ended BGO detectors was analyzed using conventionally proposed timestamp methods before and after DOI correction. Results. Through a DOI-based correction of photon transit time spread, we demonstrated a further improvement in the timing resolution of the BGO-based Cherenkov TOF PET detector utilizing a dual-ended detector configuration and adaptive arrival time pickoff. We achieved further improvements in timing resolution by correcting the offset spread induced by the fluctuation of timing signal rise time in the dual-ended detector. Significance. Although polishing the crystal surface was still favorable in terms of full-width-half-maximum value, incorporating DOI information from the unpolished crystal to compensate for photon travel time facilitated additional enhancement in the overall timing performance, thereby surpassing that achieved with the polished crystal.
Scenario optimization for the tokamak ramp-down phase in RAPTOR: Part A. Analysis and model validation on ASDEX Upgrade
Authors: Van Mulders S , Sauter O , Contré C , Felici F , Fischer R , Pütterich T , Sieglin B , Teplukhina A A ,   the ASDEX Upgrade Team
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We discuss how the combination of experimental observations and rapid modeling has enabled to improve understanding of the tokamak ramp-down phase in ASDEX Upgrade. A series of dedicated experiments has been performed, to disentangle the effect of individual actuators like plasma current, auxiliary heating and plasma shaping. Optimized discharge termination strategies with increased margin with respect to radiative and vertical stability limits are proposed and tested in experiment. Radiative collapse of the edge Te
profile after the HL back-transition is avoided by initially maintaining auxiliary heating during L-mode, showing beneficial effects even after the auxiliary heating is turned off. The capability of the RAPTOR code to model the time evolution of the internal inductance

ℓ

i
3

has been validated, including the effect of a change in the Ip
ramp-down rate and the HL transition timing. The reduction of

ℓ

i
3

caused by rapid compression of the plasma cross-section has been quantitatively recovered in simulations. Successful modeling of the

ℓ

i
3

time evolution is essential to optimize ramp-down scenarios for future fusion reactors, for which vertical stability and power balance control will be more challenging.
Fabrication and integration of photonic devices for phase-change memory and neuromorphic computing
Authors: Zhou Wen , Shen Xueyang , Yang Xiaolong , Wang Jiangjing , Zhang Wei 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In the past decade, there has been tremendous progress in integrating chalcogenide phase-change materials (PCMs) on the silicon photonic platform for non-volatile memory to neuromorphic in-memory computing applications. In particular, these non von Neumann computational elements and systems benefit from mass manufacturing of silicon photonic integrated circuits (PICs) on 8-inch wafers using a 130 nm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor line. Chip manufacturing based on deep-ultraviolet lithography and electron-beam lithography enables rapid prototyping of PICs, which can be integrated with high-quality PCMs based on the wafer-scale sputtering technique as a back-end-of-line process. In this article, we present an overview of recent advances in waveguide integrated PCM memory cells, functional devices, and neuromorphic systems, with an emphasis on fabrication and integration processes to attain state-of-the-art device performance. After a short overview of PCM based photonic devices, we discuss the materials properties of the functional layer as well as the progress on the light guiding layer, namely, the silicon and germanium waveguide platforms. Next, we discuss the cleanroom fabrication flow of waveguide devices integrated with thin films and nanowires, silicon waveguides and plasmonic microheaters for the electrothermal switching of PCMs and mixed-mode operation. Finally, the fabrication of photonic and photonic–electronic neuromorphic computing systems is reviewed. These systems consist of arrays of PCM memory elements for associative learning, matrix-vector multiplication, and pattern recognition. With large-scale integration, the neuromorphicphotonic computing paradigm holds the promise to outperform digital electronic accelerators by taking the advantages of ultra-high bandwidth, high speed, and energy-efficient operation in running machine learning algorithms.
3-Hydroxy-3-(2-oxopropyl)indolin-2-one, a product of a human-derived Enterocloster strain, is an inhibitor of nitric oxide production
Authors: Saito Shun , Banno Tomoya , Arai Midori A 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
When cultured anaerobically, Enterocloster sp. RD014215 was found to produce 1. Using nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy, the planar structure of 1 was determined to be 3-hydroxy-3-(2-oxopropyl)indolin-2-one. The chirality of 1 was implied as S by comparing the optical rotation value of 1 with literature reports of the synthesized compounds. To our knowledge, this work represents the first discovery of the metabolite produced by Enterocloster strain. 1 exhibited inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production, demonstrating a 50% inhibitory activity (IC50) of 34 µm for NO production by murine macrophage cells subjected to lipopolysaccharide stimulation.
Costs of endovascular and open repair of thoracic aortic aneurysms
Authors: Gray Joanne , McCarthy Andrew , Samarakoon Dilupa , McMeekin Peter , Sharples Linda , Sastry Priya , Crawshaw Paul , Bicknell Colin ,   the ETTAA Collaborative Group, Large Stephen , Sharples Linda , Vale Luke , Sastry Priya , Bicknell Colin , Freeman Carol , Cook Andrew , Chiu Yi-Da , McCarthy Andrew , Gray Jo , McMeekin Peter , Vallabhaneni S Rao , Watson Nicky , Samarakoon Dilupa , Devine Thomas , Duffy Tom , Hughes Victoria 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Repair of thoracic aortic aneurysms with either endovascular repair (TEVAR) or open surgical repair (OSR) represents major surgery, is costly and associated with significant complications. The aim of this study was to establish accurate costs of delivering TEVAR and OSR in a cohort of UK NHS patients suitable for open and endovascular treatment for the whole treatment pathway from admission and to discharge and 12-month follow-up.

Methods
A prospective study of UK NHS patients from 30 NHS vascular/cardiothoracic units in England aged ≥18, with distal arch/descending thoracic aortic aneurysms (CTAA) was undertaken. A multicentre prospective cost analysis of patients (recruited March 2014–July 2018, follow-up until July 2019) undergoing TEVAR or OSR was performed. Patients deemed suitable for open or endovascular repair were included in this study. A micro-costing approach was adopted.

Results
Some 115 patients having undergone TEVAR and 35 patients with OSR were identified. The mean (s.d.) cost of a TEVAR procedure was higher £26 536 (£9877) versus OSR £17 239 (£8043). Postoperative costs until discharge were lower for TEVAR £7484 (£7848) versus OSR £28 636 (£23 083). Therefore, total NHS costs from admission to discharge were lower for TEVAR £34 020 (£14 301), versus OSR £45 875 (£43 023). However, mean NHS costs for 12 months following the procedure were slightly higher for the TEVAR £5206 (£11 585) versus OSR £5039 (£11 994).

Conclusions
Surgical procedure costs were higher for TEVAR due to device costs. Total in-hospital costs were higher for OSR due to longer hospital and critical care stay. Follow-up costs over 12 months were slightly higher for TEVAR due to hospital readmissions.
Prevention of venous thromboembolism in right heart–sided electrophysiological procedures: results of an European Heart Rhythm Association survey
Authors: Mugnai Giacomo , Farkowski Michal , Tomasi Luca , Roten Laurent , Migliore Federico , de Asmundis Carlo , Conte Giulio , Boveda Serge , Chun Julian K R 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Limited data are available regarding venous thromboembolism (VTE), specifically deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), following right-sided ablations and electrophysiological (EP) studies. Compared to left-sided procedures, no guidelines on antithrombotic management strategies for the prevention of DVT and PE are available. The main purpose of the present European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) survey is to report the current management of right-sided EP procedures, focusing on anticoagulation and prevention of VTE. An online survey was conducted using the EHRA infrastructure. A total of 244 participants answered a 19-items questionnaire on the periprocedural management of EP studies and right-sided catheter ablations. The right femoral vein is the most common access for EP studies and right-sided procedures. An ultrasound-guided approach is employed by more than 2/3 of respondents. Intravenous heparin is not commonly given by the majority of participants. About 1/3 of participants (34%) routinely prescribe VTE prophylaxis during (mostly aspirin and low molecular weight heparin) and 1/4 of respondents (25%) commonly prescribe VTE prophylaxis after discharge (mostly aspirin). Of note, respectively 13% and 9% of participants observed at least one DVT and one PE related to right-sided ablation or EP study within the last year in their center. The present survey shows that only a minority of operators routinely gives intraprocedural intravenous heparin and prescribes VTE prophylaxis after right-sided EP procedures. Compared to left-sided procedures like atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation, there are no consistent systematic antithrombotic management strategies.