bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fair National Carbon Accountability for past and future emissions
Authors: Hahn Thomas , Höglund Robert , Morfeldt Johannes , Karlsson Mikael , Fetzer Ingo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Quantifying fair national shares of the remaining global carbon budget has proven challenging for the Paris Agreement. Here, we propose a new indicator – Fair National Carbon Accountability – that quantifies countries’ responsibility for mitigation and CO2 removal in addition to achieving their own targets. Considering carbon debts since 1990 and future claims due to countries’ emission pathways, the indicator uses an equal cumulative emissions per capita approach to allocate accountability in proportion to countries’ total excessive carbon claims. The carbon budget is exceeded by 565 Gt fossil CO2 when limiting warming below 1.5oC (50% probability). The accountability for these excessive claims is highest for China and the USA, and highest per capita for the United Arab Emirates, Russia, Saudi Arabia, and the United States. The ability to pay for this accountability, however, is challenging for Iran, Kazakhstan and several BRICS members, in contrast to the G7 members.
Urgent incontinence increases the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in people with diabetes
Authors: Wan Hao , Chen Tao , Zhan Xiangpeng , Zheng Fuchun , Liu Jiahao , Chen Luyao , Fu Bin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Studies on the association between urinary incontinence and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in diabetic populations are limited, and further studies are needed to investigate this association.
Methods
Data were collected from the National Health and Nutrition Survey database (2001–2018). Inclusion and exclusion criteria were established. A cohort of 4819 individuals was included. Multivariate weighted Cox regression analysis was performed to comprehensively explore the relationship between urinary incontinence and all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in the diabetic population. Subgroup analysis was performed to explore heterogeneity.
Results
In the study on the effect of urge incontinence on all-cause mortality, after adjusting for all covariates, all-cause mortality occurred in diabetic subjects with urge incontinence compared with subjects without urge incontinence. OR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.15–1.54. Also in the study of urge incontinence versus cardiovascular death in diabetic patients, cardiovascular death occurred in diabetic patients with urge incontinence compared with subjects without urge incontinence. OR = 1.32, 95%CI 1.02–1.72. Subgroup analysis showed that there were two interacting covariates, and the relationship was still significant after removing variables. The results of multivariate Cox regression for all-cause death and cardiovascular disease death showed OR = 1.36, 95%CI 1.17–1.58; OR = 1.35, 95%CI 1.02–1.78. No significant association was found between stress incontinence and mixed incontinence.
Conclusions
Our results suggest a positive impact of urge incontinence on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in diabetic patients. Further studies are needed to elucidate the causal relationship between urge incontinence and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in diabetic patients.
Produced Water Treatment by Semi-Continuous Sequential Bioreactor and Microalgae Photobioreactor
Authors: Khairuddin Nur Farahah Mohd 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Produced water (PW) from oil and gas exploration has adverse effects on aquatic life and living organisms that need to be treated before discharge. However, proper treatment is essential to meet the permissible limits. In the study, the PW was first pre-treated with activated sludge. The pre-treated PW was then utilized as a feed for the Scenedesmus obliquus microalgae in a 13 L photobioreactor. Initially, 10% of the PW was introduced in 90% microalgae culture, and after exponential growth, an additional 25% of PW was added without any additional nutrients. This study has demonstrated the impact of semi-continuous treatment on the growth of microalgae as well as the removal of pollutants including total organic carbon (TOC) and heavy metals. Moreover, salinity, electrical conductivity (EC), pH, and total dissolved solids (TDS) of the PW-microalgae culture were assessed. The removal efficiency for TOC, TDS and EC was 64, 49.8, and 49.1% respectively. Furthermore, S. obliquus has effectively removed barium, iron, and manganese heavy metals 95, 76, and 52% respectively. S. obliquus has been found to be able to grow in a mixotrophic environment as it has reduced TOC in the PW.
Inflammatory bowel disease and diabetic nephropathy risk: a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Wang Chunjie , Fang Bai , LI Luyao , Fang Lin , Fan Xin , Yu Kuipeng , Yang Xiangdong 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background: Previous studies have reported the link between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) and Diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, due to the inherent limitations of retrospective studies, the association between the two forms is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the etiology of IBD on DN using the Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis.
Methods: We downloaded summary statistics of IBD, UC, CD and DN from the Open Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) with a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR). Five different MR methods were performed to prove causality. Inverse variance weighted (IVW) method is the main method, supplemented by MR-Egger regression, weighted median, weighted model, simple model.
Results: Genetically determined IBD (OR=1.016, 95% CI=0.944-1.094, P=0.668), UC (OR = 0.955, 95% CI 0.860-1.060, P = 0.393) and CD (OR = 1.039, 95% CI 0.967-1.117, P = 0.299) all showed that there was no causal relationship on DN. The result of supplementary method was consistent with that of IVW method.
Conclusions: There have been many reports of kidney disease in patients with IBD, particularly DN. However, our study did not observe a strong genetic association between IBD and DN. This work supplemented the results of previous retrospective studies.
Development and Validation of a Questionnaire to Evaluate the Effectiveness of the Health Professions Educators in the Eastern Mediterranean Region
Authors: Farghaly Amira , Moawd Samah 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background: The role of the health professions educator is important for the planning and implementation of curricula in health professions schools. Many changes took place to the health professions curricula during the past twenty years. These changes require changes in the roles of the health professions educator. The study aims to develop and validate a questionnaire to assess the effectiveness of health professions educator in the Eastern Mediterranean context.
Methods: the effectiveness of the health professions educator (EHPE) questionnaire was developed as a 44-item questionnaire measuring ten functions of the health professions educator based on a conceptual framework. It targeted health professions educators in the colleges of medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, applied medical sciences and nursing in both governmental and private universities in the Eastern Mediterranean region. It was distributed through WhatsApp and Facebook groups of health professions educators. One way ANOVA was used to compare the means of the different professions as regards the ten scales of the questionnaire. Sampling adequacy was measured and exploratory factor analysis was performed using Varimax rotation.
Results: The reliability coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.9, and those of individual scales ranged between 0.263 and 0.816. Statistically significant differences were present among professions in all scales, except clinical teaching and mentoring. The sample was adequate for factoring and the principal axis factoring generated 11 interpretable factors.
Conclusion: the study concluded that the questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool that could measure the effectiveness of health professions educators in the Middle Eastern context.
Implementing group care in Dutch and Surinamese maternity and child care services: The vital importance of addressing outer context barriers
Authors: Martens Nele , Haverkate Tessa M.I. , Hindori-Mohangoo Ashna D. , Hindori Manodj P. , Aantjes Carolien J. , Beeckman Katrien , Damme Astrid Van , Reis Ria , Rijnders Marlies , Kleij Rianne RMJJ van der , Crone Mathilde R. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
By addressing physical and psychosocial needs, group care (GC) improves health-related behaviours, peer support, parent-provider interactions and may improve birth outcomes. Hence, global implementation of GC is encouraged. Context analyses prior to implementation are vital to elucidate which local factors may support or hinder implementation.
Methods
Contextual analyses conducted in the Netherlands and Suriname were compared to identify the factors relevant to the implementability of GC as perceived by healthcare professionals (HCPs). 32 semi-structured interviews were conducted with Dutch and Surinamese healthcare professionals. Audio recordings were transcribed verbatim and coded using the Framework approach. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research guided the development of the interview guide and of the coding tree.
Results
Outer setting: Concerns regarding funding surfaced in both countries. Due to limited health insurance coverage, additional fees would limit accessibility in Suriname. In the Netherlands, midwives dreaded lower revenue due to reimbursement policies that favour one-on-one care.
Inner setting: Appropriate space for GC was absent in one Dutch and three Surinamese facilities. Role division regarding GC implementation was clearer in the Netherlands than in Suriname.
Innovation: HCPs from both countries expected increased social support, health knowledge among women, and continuity of care(r).
Individuals/innovation deliverers: Self-efficacy and motivation emerged as intertwined determinants to GC implementation in both countries.
Individuals/innovation recipients: Competing demands can potentially lower acceptability of GC in both countries. While Dutch HCPs prioritised an open dialogue with mothers, Surinamese HCPs encouraged the inclusion of partners.
Process: Campaigns to raise awareness of GC were proposed. Language barriers were a concern for Dutch but not for Surinamese HCPs.
Conclusions
While the most striking differences between both countries were found in the outer setting, they trickle down and affect all layers of context. Ultimately, at a later stage, the process evaluation will show if those outer setting barriers we identified prior to implementation actually hindered GC implementation. Changes to the health care systems would ensure sustained implementation in both countries, and this conclusion feeds into a more general discussion: how to proceed when contextual analyses reveal barriers that cannot be addressed with the time and resources available.
Association of major depression, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder with thyroid cancer: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomized study
Authors: Qiu Rongliang , Lin Huihui , Jiang Hongzhan , Shen Jiali , He Jiaxi , Fu Jinbo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background: Major depression disease (MDD), schizophrenia (SCZ), and bipolar disorder (BD) are common psychiatric disorders and the relationship with thyroid cancer has been of great interest. This study aimed to investigate the potential causal effects of MDD, SCZ, BD, and thyroid cancer.
Method: We used publicly available summary statistics from large-scale genome-wide association studies to select genetic variant loci associated with major depression disease (MDD), SCZ, BD, and thyroid cancer as instrumental variables (IVs), which were quality-controlled and clustered, and we used three Mendelian randomization (MR) methods: inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger regression and Weighted Median Estimator(WME) methods to estimate a bidirectional causal relationship between mental illness and thyroid cancer. In addition, we performed heterogeneity and multivariate tests to verify the validity of IVs.
Result: We used a two-sample bidirectional MR analysis to find a positive causal association between MDD and thyroid cancer risk. The results of the IVW analysis (OR = 3.956 95% CI= 1.177-13.299; P = 0.026) and the WME method (OR = 5.563 95% CI= 0.998-31.008; P = 0.050) confirmed that MDD may increase the risk of thyroid cancer same conclusion. Additionally, our study found a correlation between genetic susceptibility to SCZ and thyroid cancer (OR = 1.532 95% CI= 1.123-2.088; P = 0.007). The results of the WME method analysis based on the median estimate (OR = 1.599 95% CI= 1.014-2.521; P = 0.043) also supported that SCZ may increase the risk of thyroid cancer. Furthermore, our study did not find a causal relationship between BD and thyroid cancer. In addition, the results of reverse MR analysis showed no significant causality between thyroid cancer and MDD, SCZ, and BD (P>0.05), ruling out the possibility of reverse causality.
Conclusions: This MR method analysis provides new evidence to support that MDD and SCZ may be positively associated with thyroid cancer risk, while also ruling out a correlation between BD and thyroid cancer. These results may have important implications for public health policy and clinical practice. Future studies will help elucidate this association's biological mechanisms and potential confounders.
Erector spinae plane block did not improve postoperative pain-related outcomes and recovery after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery : a randomised controlled double-blinded multi-center trial
Authors: Clairoux Ariane , Moore Alex , Caron-Goudreau Maxime , Soucy-Proulx Maxim , Thibault Maxime , Brulotte Véronique , Bélanger Marie-Ève , Raft Julien , Godin Nadia , Idrissi Moulay , Desroches Julie , Ruel Monique , Fortier Annik , Richebé Philippe 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Introduction

There is a sizable niche for a minimally invasive analgesic technique that could facilitate ambulatory video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). Our study aimed to determine the analgesic potential of a single-shot erector spinae plane (ESP) block for VATS. The primary objective was the total hydromorphone consumption with patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) 24 h after surgery.

Methods

We conducted a randomized, controlled, double-blind study with patients scheduled for VATS in two major university-affiliated hospital centres. We randomized 52 patients into two groups: a single-shot ESP block using bupivacaine or an ESP block with normal saline (control). We administered a preoperative and postoperative (24 h) quality of recovery (QoR-15) questionnaire and assessed postoperative pain using a verbal numerical rating scale (VNRS) score. We evaluated the total standardized intraoperative fentanyl administration, total postoperative hydromorphone consumption (PCA; primary endpoint), and the incidence of adverse effects.

Results

There was no difference in the primary objective, hydromorphone consumption at 24 h (7.6 (4.4) mg for the Bupivacaine group versus 8.1 (4.2) mg for the Control group). Secondary objectives and incidence of adverse events were not different between the two groups at any time during the first 24 h following surgery.

Conclusion

Our multi-centre randomized, controlled, double-blinded study found no advantage of an ESP block over placebo for VATS for opioid consumption, pain, or QoR-15 scores. Further studies are ongoing to establish the benefits of using a denser block (single-shot paravertebral with a continuous ESP block), which may provide a better quality of analgesia.
A novel communication-less control method for PV-ESS DC microgrids
Authors: Bai Zhifeng , li jingyu , Wu Xiaolan , Yang Yongzhi , Guo Guifang 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

This paper presents a novel communication-less control method for PV-ESS DC microgrids. First, the ESS closest to the critical load is selected as the master unit, and output voltage is set at the nominal voltage. This unit injects an AC signal into the DC bus, and the frequency of the signal is determined by the unit's SOC and current. Then, other ESSs (called slave units) regulate their output currents according to the received AC signal frequency and local SOC without participating in the bus voltage regulation. In addition, thelogic signal is introduced to determine whether the PV module operates at maximum power point Tracking (MPPT) or droop control mode based on the received frequency. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed control method achieves superior performance compared to traditional droop control. The method ensures higher load sharing accuracy, lower voltage deviation, and SOCs equalization in the DC microgrid system relying no communication link.
Dual T-cell constant β chain (TRBC)1 and TRBC2 staining for the identification of T-cell neoplasms by flow cytometry
Authors: Horna Pedro , Weybright Matthew , Ferrari Mathieu , Jungherz Dennis , Peng YaYi , Akbar Zulaikha , Ilca F , Otteson Gregory , Seheult Jansen , Ortmann Janosch , Shi Min , Maciocia Paul , Herling Marco , Pule Martin , Olteanu Horatiu 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The diagnosis of leukemic T-cell malignancies is often challenging, due to overlapping features with reactive T-cells and limitations of currently available T-cell clonality assays. Recently developed therapeutic antibodies specific for the mutually exclusive T-cell receptor constant β chain (TRBC)1 and TRBC2 isoforms provide a unique opportunity to assess for TRBC-restriction as a surrogate of clonality in the flow cytometric analysis of T-cell neoplasms. To demonstrate the diagnostic utility of this approach, we studied 135 clinical specimens with (50) or without (85) T-cell neoplasia, in addition to 29 blood samples from healthy donors. Dual TRBC1 and TRBC2 expression was studied within a comprehensive T-cell panel, in a fashion similar to the routine evaluation of kappa and lambda immunoglobulin light chains for the detection of clonal B-cells. Polytypic TRBC expression was demonstrated on total, CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells from all healthy donors; and by intracellular staining on benign T-cell precursors. All neoplastic T-cells were TRBC-restricted, except for 5 cases (10%) lacking TRBC expression. T-cell clones of uncertain significance were identified in 15 samples without T-cell malignancy (13%), and accounted for smaller subsets than neoplastic clones (median: 4.7% vs. 73% of lymphocytes, p < 0.0001). Single staining for TRBC1 produced spurious TRBC1-dim subsets in 21 clinical specimens (16%), all of which resolved with dual TRBC1/2 staining. Assessment of TRBC restriction by flow cytometry provides a rapid diagnostic method to detect clonal T-cells, and to accurately determine the targetable TRBC isoform expressed by T-cell malignancies.
Factors that Affect the Sleep of Women in Informal Settlements in Kenya
Authors: Ukoh Ebuka , Achieng Stephanie Otieno , Plaxico LaNae , Balakrishnan Anna K , Obara Lena Moraa , Dzombo Millicent , Ramchal Meagan , Amponsah Enoch , Brown Haley , Musyimi Christine , Witte Susan , Winter Samantha 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Sleep is essential for overall health and well-being. Most sleep quality and health research focuses on high-income countries. Less is known about the sleep quality of women residing in lower and middle-income Countries (LMICs), including Kenya. Many physical, psychological, cultural, and environmental factors influence quality of sleep. There is limited research focused on sleep quality among women in LMICs, and no research explicitly focused on women in informal settlements in these countries; yet, women in informal settlements in LMICs often face challenges that could severely affect sleep health. Through an exploratory mixed-methods study, we explore rates of sleep quality and self-reported factors associated with sleep disturbance among a probability sample of n = 800 women in two informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya. Findings will contribute to the knowledge base regarding sleep quality within populations in informal settlements, which may inform tailored interventions and policies designed to nurture the distinct sleep needs of people living in LMICs.
Methods
Data were collected in September 2022. The data were part of the baseline of an 18-month longitudinal cohort study examining mental health and climate change among women living in two informal settlements in Nairobi–Mathare and Kibera. Items from the Brief Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (B-PSQI) were collected to examine women's sleep habits and quality of sleep. Quality of sleep scores were calculated. Open-ended questions were asked about factors contributing to sleep disturbance, and a thematic analysis was conducted to summarize the findings.
Findings:
Just under 29% of women (N = 229) met the criteria for poor quality sleep. Open-ended findings identify stress as the main factor affecting sleep. Childcare, financial instability, physical health, climate, grief, and loss also impacted women's sleep.
Interpretation:
The findings of this paper highlight the need for more research focused on sleep quality in informal settlements in LMICs, especially among women. We suggest that interventionists and policymakers can develop targeted interventions and policies to improve sleep quality and address risk factors by better understanding this population's specific challenges and enhancing overall awareness and education of sleep and its importance for health in these communities.
A biomechanical finite element analysis of two varieties of axial screw fixation techniques
Authors: Li Zhao , Meng Fanchao , Fang Yushi , Qin Ruiyu , Zhang Xun , Yan Jinglong , Zhao Wei 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
To compare the biomechanical properties of C2 pedicle and translaminar screws by establishing an atlantoaxial vertebral model using three-dimensional finite element analysis.
Methods
A finite element model of the atlantoaxial vertebra model was developed. C2 pedicle and translaminar screws were implanted in the model. The screw load-displacement ratios were analysed and compared between the two types of screws under the up/down and left/right load conditions; the vertebrae load-displacement ratios under the anterior flexion/posterior extension (FLX/EXT), left /right lateral bending (LLB/RLB), and left/right rotation (LAR/RAR) load conditions; bone-nail interface stress values and screw load-displacement ratios under the physiological load conditions; and structural stress values of the nail-rod structure under the front/back and left/right load conditions.
Results
The C2 pedicle screw group (C2PG) exhibited significantly higher load-displacement ratios than the C2 translaminar screw group (C2TG) in all directions: up/down and left/right. The vertebral load-displacement ratios in FLX/EXT, LLB/RLB, and LAR/RAR were significantly higher in C2PG compared to C2TG. Under physiological loading, the maximum stress of cortical bone in C2TG exceeded threshold significantly, and the anteriormost part of the vertebrae had much more displacement in C2TG than in C2PG. In nail-rod stability studies, C2TG had higher peak screw-rod structure stress under anterior-posterior loading.
Conclusions
The present finite element model suggested that the C2 translaminar screw provide lower biomechanical stability compared to the C2 pedicle screw.