bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mid-life employment trajectories and subsequent memory function and rate of decline in rural South Africa, 2000–22
Authors: Yu Xuexin , Kabudula Chodziwadziwa W , Wagner Ryan G , Bassil Darina T , Farrell Meagan T , Tollman Stephen M , Kahn Kathleen , Berkman Lisa F , Rosenberg Molly S , Kobayashi Lindsay C 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Aim
To investigate mid-life employment trajectories in relation to later-life memory function and rate of decline in rural South Africa.

Methods
Data from the Agincourt Health and Socio-Demographic Surveillance System were linked to the ‘Health and Ageing in Africa: A Longitudinal Study of an INDEPTH Community in South Africa’ (HAALSI) in rural Agincourt, South Africa (N = 3133). Employment was assessed every 4 years over 2000–12 as being employed (0, 1, 2 and ≥3 time points), being employed in a higher-skill occupation (0, 1, 2 and ≥3 time points) and dynamic employment trajectories identified using sequence analysis. Latent memory z-scores were assessed over 2014–22. Mixed-effects linear regression models were fitted to examine the associations of interest.

Results
Sustained mid-life employment from 2000–12 (β = 0.052, 95% CI: -0.028 to 0.132, 1 vs 0 time points; β = 0.163, 95% CI: 0.077 to 0.250, 2 vs 0 time points; β = 0.212, 95% CI: 0.128 to 0.296, ≥3 vs 0 time points) and greater time spent in a higher-skill occupation (β = 0.077, 95% CI: -0.020 to 0.175, 1 vs 0 time points; β = 0.241, 95% CI: 0.070 to 0.412, 2 vs 0 time points; β = 0.361, 95% CI: 0.201 to 0.520, ≥3 vs 0 time points) were associated with higher memory scores in 2014/15, but not subsequent rate of memory decline. Moving from a lower-skill to higher-skill occupation was associated with higher memory function, but a faster rate of decline over 2014–22.

Conclusions
Sustained mid-life employment, particularly in higher-skill occupations, may contribute to later-life memory function in this post-Apartheid South African setting.
Biological carbon storage potential of Guiera senegalensis J.F.Gmel. stands in Central Africa: a case study from Cameroon
Authors: Awé Djongmo Victor , Noiha Noumi Valery , Vroh Bi Tra Aimé , Zapfack Louis 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the biological carbon storage potential of Guiera senegalensis stands in Cameroon. Sampling was done in 180 plots of 2500 m2 (50 m × 50 m) (40 ha) in the G. senegalensis stands. The destructive and non-destructive method was used to estimate the amount of carbon in different biomasses. A laboratory analysis was done to assess soil carbon by the Walkley and Black method. The experimental device installed is a split plot with 180 repetitions. The result reveals that the aboveground carbon is ≥5.20 ± 0.65 Mg C/ha in the two regions. The belowground carbon is ≥1.48 ± 0.23 Mg C/ha in the two regions. The herbaceous carbon is ≥2.03 ± 0.00 Mg C/ha in the two regions. The litter carbon is ≥0.36 ± 0.04 Mg C/ha in the two regions. The dead wood carbon is ≥0.47 ± 0.00 Mg C/ha in the two regions. The fine roots carbon is ≥0.10 ± 0.00 Mg C/ha in the two regions. The soil carbon stock is ≥5.45 ± 0.02 Mg C/ha in the two regions. The total carbon stocks ranged from 16.83 ± 1.03–64.76 ± 2.71 to 19.95 ± 1.33–80.65 ± 4.55 Mg C/ha in the Far North and North regions, respectively. CO2 emissions are ≥61.76 ± 3.78 Mg CO2/ha in the two regions. These results therefore confirm the contributing role of G. senegalensis stands studied in the fight against the mitigation of climate change in Cameroon.
The Role of Consent Form Design Under GDPR: A Survey Experiment
Authors: van Erkel Patrick Folkert Anton , Hopmann David Nicolas , Skovsgaard Morten , Terren Ludovic 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe present research note examines how design features of consent forms impact response rates, privacy concerns, and respondents’ knowledge of their rights. The 2018 implementation of the General Data Protection Regulation, also known as General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), has triggered widespread concern in the scientific community across the European Union. The concern is that the GDPR requirements for the processing of personal data may introduce severe limitations on certain types of research. A key requirement of the GDPR is that researchers must obtain informed consent from individuals whose personal data will be processed as part of the research. Consent must be freely given, specific, informed, unambiguous, and given actively via a clear affirmative action. However, in practice, there is a wide variation in the interpretation and implementation of the GDPR. Therefore, this study aims to investigate how to ensure informed consent without compromising the needs of academic research. To do so, we fielded a survey experiment with a 2 × 2 × 2 between-subjects design, varying key dimensions of the survey consent form. The results of this study document the advantages of using condensed information and in-text legal references (as opposed to a hyperlink).
DOCK2 Deficiency Causes Defects in Antiviral T-Cell Responses and Impaired Control of Herpes Simplex Virus Infection
Authors: Randall Katrina L , Flesch Inge E A , Mei Yan , Miosge Lisa A , Aye Racheal , Yu Zhijia , Domaschenz Heather , Hollett Natasha A , Russell Tiffany A , Stefanovic Tijana , Wong Yik Chun , Seneviratne Sandali , Ballard Fiona , Hernandez Gallardo Raquel , Croft Sarah N , Goodnow Christopher C , Bertram Edward M , Enders Anselm , Tscharke David C 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The expanding number of rare immunodeficiency syndromes offers an opportunity to understand key genes that support immune defense against infectious diseases. However, analysis of these in patients is complicated by their treatments and comorbid infections, requiring the use of mouse models for detailed investigations. We developed a mouse model of DOCK2 immunodeficiency and herein demonstrate that these mice have delayed clearance of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infections. We also uncovered a critical, cell-intrinsic role of DOCK2 in the priming of antiviral CD8+ T cells and in particular their initial expansion, despite apparently normal early activation of these cells. When this defect was overcome by priming in vitro, DOCK2-deficient CD8+ T cells were surprisingly protective against HSV-1 disease, albeit not as effectively as wild-type cells. These results shed light on a cellular deficiency that is likely to impact antiviral immunity in DOCK2-deficient patients.
Large Clusters of Invasive emm49 Group A Streptococcus Identified Within Arizona Health Care Facilities Through Statewide Genomic Surveillance System, 2019–2021
Authors: Yaglom Hayley D , Bhattarai Rachana , Lemmer Darrin , Rust Laura , Ridenour Chase , Chorbi Kaitlyn , Kim Elizabeth , Centner Heather , Sheridan Krystal , Jasso-Selles Daniel , Erickson Daryn E , French Chris , Bowers Jolene R , Valentine Michael , Francis Drew , Hepp Crystal M , Brady Shane , Komatsu Kenneth K , Engelthaler David M 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A statewide genomic surveillance system for invasive Group A Streptococcus was implemented in Arizona in June 2019, resulting in 1046 isolates being submitted for genomic analysis to characterize emm types and identify transmission clusters. Eleven of the 32 identified distinct emm types comprised &gt;80% of samples, with 29.7% of all isolates being typed as emm49 (and its genetic derivative emm151). Phylogenetic analysis initially identified an emm49 genomic cluster of 4 isolates that rapidly expanded over subsequent months (June 2019 to February 2020). Public health investigations identified epidemiologic links with 3 different long-term care facilities, resulting in specific interventions. Unbiased genomic surveillance allowed for identification and response to clusters that would have otherwise remained undetected.
The Aesthetic Mediation of Cultural Memory: Two Case Studies from Papua New Guinea and Kimberley, Australia
Authors: Mortu Ancuta 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
I offer an analysis of the role of aesthetic value in the formation of cultural memory. More specifically, I examine how cultural memory is formed through cultural artifacts that embody a connection to the past via aesthetic means. My approach is motivated by artifacts from small-scale preindustrial societies, which make it apparent that aesthetic values, rather than being pursued for their own sake alone, enhance other functions, such as maintaining cultural identity and bringing the past into the present. I focus on rock art painting from the Kimberley, Australia, and effigies animated during rituals in New Ireland, Papua New Guinea to argue that, to play a significant role in the formation of cultural memory, aesthetic value must be aligned with implicit conceptions of time which inform the production of artifacts mediating cultural memory. This argument has implications for understanding differences in apprehending memory values and aesthetic values across cultural domains.
The pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of ceftazidime/avibactam for central nervous system infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Gram-negatives: a prospective study
Authors: Xu Ying , Luo Xuemei , Yuan Binbin , Liang Pei , Liu Ning , Dong Danjiang , Ge Weihong , Gu Qin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To describe the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) of ceftazidime/avibactam in critically ill patients with CNS infections.

Methods
A prospective study of critically ill patients with CNS infections who were treated with ceftazidime/avibactam and the steady-state concentration (Css) of ceftazidime/avibactam in serum and/or CSF was conducted between August 2020 and May 2023. The relationship between PK/PD goal achievement, microbial eradication and the clinical efficacy of ceftazidime/avibactam was evaluated.

Results
Seven patients were finally included. The ceftazidime/avibactam target attainment in plasma was optimal for three, quasi-optimal for one and suboptimal for three. In three patients with CSF drug concentrations measured, ceftazidime/avibactam target attainment in CSF was 100% (3/3), which was optimal. The AUCCSF/serum values were 0.59, 0.44 and 0.35 for ceftazidime and 0.57, 0.53 and 0.51 for avibactam. Of the seven patients, 100% (7/7) were treated effectively, 71.4% (5/7) achieved microbiological eradication, 85.7% (6/7) survived and 14.3% (1/7) did not survive.

Conclusions
The limited clinical data suggest that ceftazidime/avibactam is effective in the treatment of CNS infections caused by MDR Gram-negative bacilli (MDR-GNB), can achieve the ideal drug concentration of CSF, and has good blood–brain barrier penetration.
Moral Hazard Incentives under Formal Insurance and Informal Insurance: Evidence from a Framed Field Experiment
Authors: Nanyiti Aisha , Pamuk Haki 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper explores moral hazard incentives associated with formal and informal insurance. We develop a theoretical model of risky effort that incorporates formal insurance and informal risk sharing, and test model predictions through a real-effort experiment with smallholder farmers in rural Uganda. Consistent with the theory, we find evidence of moral hazard under informal insurance. We, however, do not find evidence of moral hazard under formal insurance in our experiment. Experiencing a bad outcome, however, makes the risk in production more salient to farmers, and they increase their insurance coverage. These results suggest there may be some space for expanding indemnity-based insurance to smallholder farmers through awareness programmes.
Therapeutic strategies targeting cellular senescence for cancer and other diseases
Authors: Wang Xuebing , Fukumoto Takeshi , Noma Ken-ichi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Cellular senescence occurs in response to endogenous or exogenous stresses and is characterized by stable cell cycle arrest, alterations in nuclear morphology and secretion of proinflammatory factors, referred to as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). An increase of senescent cells is associated with the development of several types of cancer and aging-related diseases. Therefore, senolytic agents that selectively remove senescent cells may offer opportunities for developing new therapeutic strategies against such cancers and aging-related diseases. This review outlines senescence inducers and the general characteristics of senescent cells. We also discuss the involvement of senescent cells in certain cancers and diseases. Finally, we describe a series of senolytic agents and their utilization in therapeutic strategies.
Meta-analytic and MaxEnt model prediction, the distribution of the Bactrocera minax (Diptera: Tephritidae), in China under changing climate
Authors: Yang Hongjun , Huang Xu , Yang Yuchuan , Wang Rulin , Xu Danping 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The Tephritidae family causes damage to fruits in tropical and subtropical regions around the world, with Bactrocera minax Enderlein (Diptera: Tephritidae) widely distributed in China, causing severe economic damage to Chinese citrus. Currently, preventing the rapid spread of B. minax remains an effective strategy to control it as the climate continues to warm in the future. In this context, it is crucial to understand the potential geographic range of B. minax under climate change. We used meta-analysis to assess the survival of Tephritidae insects under temperature stress. We also used the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model to predict the suitable regions and migration trajectories of B. minax in China under current and future climatic conditions. Through comprehensive analysis of the experimental data, we found that the survival rate of Tephritidae insects in the suitable temperature range showed an increasing trend with the increase in warming extent. Using the MaxEnt model, we observed that the highly suitable area, as well as the moderately suitable area of B. minax, were expanding in all 3 future climate scenarios, with the distribution moving toward the high latitude region and the coastal region of China. Our results also indicate that temperature and precipitation contribute more to the model in the current year. Combining multiexperiment data, our study demonstrates that the potential distribution of B. minax in China will expand under future climate warming scenarios, and these predictions will provide important information for monitoring B. minax and informing managers in developing control strategies.
Exploring the geological structure of a large-scale landslide using semi-airborne TEM in the Karst area of southwest China
Authors: Wu Junjie , Zhi Qingquan , Wang Xingchun , Deng Xiaohong , Chen Xiaodong , Zhao Yi , Huang Yue , Liu Yuge , Xiao Du 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The karst strata in the southwestern mountainous areas of China are extensively developed, creating a fragile geological environment. Landslide geological disasters occur frequently in these areas due to high annual rainfall, concentrated time periods, and frequent human engineering activities. Conventional ground geophysical methods face challenges in complex terrains, making it difficult to quickly and reliably obtain underground structures in landslide-prone areas. The semi-airborne transient electromagnetic method (SATEM) combines ground-based transmission and airborne reception of electromagnetic responses. This method, characterized by large emission magnetic moment and rapid data collection in the air, offers advantages in detecting deep geological structures in complex terrain areas. This article presents the application of a newly developed loop source SATEM system, integrated with multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), to conduct deep geological structure detection experiments on a large-scale landslide. The inversion results clearly depict the spatial distribution of the Feixianguan Formation and Longtan Formation, as well as vertical fractures developed in the strata due to underground coal mining. The detection test demonstrates the applicability of the SATEM method in detecting underground structures in Karst Plateau special landform areas, providing a new detection approach for similar regions.
United by conflict: Convergent signatures of parental conflict in angiosperms and placental mammals
Authors: Soliman Hagar K , Coughlan Jenn M 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Endosperm in angiosperms and placenta in eutherians are convergent innovations for efficient embryonic nutrient transfer. Despite advantages, this reproductive strategy incurs metabolic costs that maternal parents disproportionately shoulder, leading to potential inter-parental conflict over optimal offspring investment. Genomic imprinting—parent-of-origin-biased gene expression—is fundamental for endosperm and placenta development and has convergently evolved in angiosperms and mammals, in part, to resolve parental conflict. Here, we review the mechanisms of genomic imprinting in these taxa. Despite differences in the timing and spatial extent of imprinting, these taxa exhibit remarkable convergence in the molecular machinery and genes governing imprinting. We then assess the role of parental conflict in shaping evolution within angiosperms and eutherians using four criteria: 1) Do differences in the extent of sibling relatedness cause differences in the inferred strength of parental conflict? 2) Do reciprocal crosses between taxa with different inferred histories of parental conflict exhibit parent-of-origin growth effects? 3) Are these parent-of-origin growth effects caused by dosage-sensitive mechanisms and do these loci exhibit signals of positive selection? 4) Can normal development be restored by genomic perturbations that restore stoichiometric balance in the endosperm/placenta? Although we find evidence for all criteria in angiosperms and eutherians, suggesting that parental conflict may help shape their evolution, many questions remain. Additionally, myriad differences between the two taxa suggest that their respective biologies may shape how/when/where/to what extent parental conflict manifests. Lastly, we discuss outstanding questions, highlighting the power of comparative work in quantifying the role of parental conflict in evolution.
Cancer risks among first-degree relatives of women with a genetic predisposition to breast cancer
Authors: Xiao Qingyang , Mao Xinhe , Ploner Alexander , Grassmann Felix , Rodriguez Juan , Eriksson Mikael , Hall Per , Czene Kamila 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Associations between germline alterations in women and cancer risks among their relatives are largely unknown.

Methods
We identified women from 2 Swedish cohorts Karolinska Mammography Project for Risk Prediction of Breast Cancer (KARMA) and prevalent KARMA (pKARMA), including 28 362 women with genotyping data and 13 226 with sequencing data. Using Swedish Multi-Generation Register, we linked these women to 133 389 first-degree relatives. Associations between protein-truncating variants in 8 risk genes and breast cancer polygenic risk score in index women and cancer risks among their relatives were modeled via Cox regression.

Results
Female relatives of index women who were protein-truncating variant carriers in any of the 8 risk genes had an increased breast cancer risk compared with those of noncarriers (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.52 to 2.27), with the strongest association found for protein-truncating variants in BRCA1 and 2. These relatives had a statistically higher risk of early onset than late-onset breast cancer (P = .001). Elevated breast cancer risk was also observed in female relatives of index women with higher polygenic risk score (HR per SD = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.23 to 1.32). The estimated lifetime risk was 22.3% for female relatives of protein-truncating variant carriers and 14.4% for those related to women in the top polygenic risk score quartile. Moreover, relatives of index women with protein-truncating variant presence (HR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.06 to 1.59) or higher polygenic risk score (HR per SD = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.07) were also at higher risk of nonbreast hereditary breast and ovary cancer syndrome-related cancers.

Conclusions
Protein-truncating variants of risk genes and higher polygenic risk score in index women are associated with an increased risk of breast and other hereditary breast and ovary syndrome–related cancers among relatives.
Use of cancer-directed therapy at the end of life among adolescents and young adults
Authors: Mack Jennifer W , Cernik Colin , Xu Lanfang , Laurent Cecile A , Fisher Lauren , Cannizzaro Nancy , Munneke Julie , Cooper Robert M , Lakin Joshua R , Schwartz Corey M , Casperson Mallory , Altschuler Andrea , Wiener Lori , Kushi Lawrence H , Chao Chun R , Uno Hajime 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Adolescents and young adults frequently receive chemotherapy near death. We know less about the use of targeted agents and immunotherapy or trends over time.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 1836 adolescents and young adults with cancer who died between 2009 and 2019 after receiving care at 1 of 3 sites (Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, and Kaiser Permanente Southern California). We reviewed electronic health data and medical records to examine use of cancer-directed therapy in the last 90 days of life, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and investigational drugs.

Results
Over the study period, 35% of adolescents and young adults received chemotherapy in the last 90 days of life; 24% received targeted therapy, 7% immunotherapy, and 5% investigational drugs. Additionally, 56% received at least 1 form of systemic cancer-directed therapy in the last 90 days of life. After adjustment for patient sex, race, ethnicity, age, site of care, diagnosis, and years from diagnosis to death, the proportion of adolescents and young adults receiving targeted therapy (odds ratio [OR] = 1.05 per year of death, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02 to 1.10; P = .006), immunotherapy (OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.18 to 1.38; P &lt; .0001), and any cancer-directed therapy (OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.08; P = .01) in the last 90 days of life increased over time.

Conclusions
More than half of adolescents and young adults receive cancer therapy in the last 90 days of life, and use of novel agents such as targeted therapy and immunotherapy is increasing over time. Although some adolescents and young adults may wish to continue cancer therapy while living with advanced disease, efforts are needed to ensure that use of cancer-directed therapy meets preferences of adolescents and young adults approaching death.