bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Genetic Polymorphism of Mutation (G5736A) in the BMP-15 Gene with Productive Performance of Local and Shami Goats
Authors: Hussein Dalaf A. , Al-Khazraji Wasan J. , Ajeel Hmod. M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The study was conducted at the ruminant research station of the Agricultural Research Department / Ministry of Agriculture on a sample consisting of 44 local goats and 52 Shami goats, while the laboratory part was conducted in Scientific Progress Laboratory, for the period from 12/20/2021 to 9/1/2022. The nucleotide sequencing technique was used to detect mutations in The second exon region of the (BMP15) gene to determine the relationship of the resulting genotypes to economic traits (growth, milk production and litter size). The results showed that there are two genotypes, the wild (GG) and the hybrid (GA), as the percentage of individuals carrying the wild genotype was (90.91, 67.31) % compared to the hybrid individuals (9.09, 32.6) % respectively, in the local and Shami goat samples, and the allelic frequency of the wild allele G in both groupss was (0.95, 0.66)% compared to the mutant allele A (0.05, 0.34)%. for both groupss goats, the wild type individuals were superior in birth weight and did not show any significant effect of this mutation on the rest of the growth traits (19.03, 21.0) kg, as for the characteristics of milk production, the individuals carrying the wild genotype also excelled in the characteristic of total milk production in both groupss. (467.4, 490.4) kg compared to individuals carrying the hybrid genotype GG (422.1, 457.1) kg respectively, While no significant effect of the mentioned mutation appeared in litter size for both groups.
Biochemical Blood Plasma Changes of Awassi Sheep Using Different Levels of Olive Pulp
Authors: Al-Yasery Ahmed Jawad , Manaf Faiza Hashim Abdul , Al-Gharawi Jassim Kassim 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
16 male Awassi lambs were used, four months age weaning was diagnosed bythe teeth, it was placed in the animal field and left to acclimate for 14 days, then the actual experiment was introduced for a period of three months. The lambs were reared in four standard barns with a stage containing feeders and water troughs, it was divided from the inside by iron partitions into three sections. Four lambs, each treated under hygienic conditions, were placed in each section, underwent a treatment and vaccination program that supported to ensure her safety and that she was free from diseases. The animals were divided into four groups were T1: was fed on a diet devoid of olive pulp (control group). And fed on a diet containing 5, 10 and 15% olive pulp were T2, T3 and T4 respectively. fed on a diet containing 15% olive pulp. The results indicated that all olive pulp treatments led to a significant decrease in LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, uric acid, ALP and ALT, with a significant increase in HDL, total protein, albumin, globulin, phosphorus and calcium compared to the control treatment. The addition of 15% olive pulp in the diets of Awassi lambs gave the best results compared to a concentration of 5 and 10% olive pulp.
The Effect of Adding Moringa Leaf Powder to the Adapted Quail Diet During the Egg Production Stage on the Productive Performance and some Biochemical Blood Characteristics
Authors: Al-Jabari Qana H. , Shaker Ahmed S. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The current experiment was carried out at the poultry farm of the Animal Production department, College of Agriculture, University of Kirkuk from 5/12/2021 until 1/2/2022. To study the effect of different levels of Moring leaves powder (2.5, 5.0, and 7.5)% on the production diet. Forty-eight quail were used at 30 days old and randomly allocated to four treatment groups with each treatment three replication with 4 birds each. The egg weight of the birds was weighed daily with a sensitive electronic balance (0.01) g. The feed intake was determined by weighing the bucket and feed before and after consumption before the next refilling of the bucket. Egg production was monitored daily and recorded for each replicate. The external egg traits were measured by using a clipper vernier (0.01) mm. and the internal egg traits were measured by using an electronic balance (0.01) g. General linear model (GLM) within the SAS program was used to calculate mean, standard error, and significance. Duncan’s multiple range test was used to test the differences between the means. The egg production and feed intake significantly differed between the treatments, it was highest in treatment four and lower production in the control group. The egg weight, egg mass, and feed conversion were non-significant between the treatments. All the external and internal egg traits were non-significant between the groups.
Improving the Productive Performance of Broiler Chickens Fed on Diets Containing the Mixture “Toxbond Forte”
Authors: Jasim Abeer Sweed , Bahauddin Mohammed Sabah , Mustafa Nidhal Abdulghani 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The current study is conducted to study the use of the mixture called “Toxbond Forte” and its effect on the productive characteristics of broiler chickens in the fields of Kosar Company – Erbil. The experiment took 35 days and it was from 20/7/2022 to 25/8/2022. 120 unsexed chicks from Rose 308 type one day old with an initial weight of 42 ± 3 g per chick have been used in this experiment. The chicks were randomly distributed into 5 treatments with 3 replicates for each treatment 8 birds/repeater. The experimental treatments were as follows: the first treatment T1: control treatment without any additions, the second treatment T2 : adding the compound by 0.5 g / kg of feed, the third treatment T3: adding the compound by 1 g / kg of feed, the fourth treatment T4: adding the compound by 1.5 g / kg of feed, and the fifth treatment T5: adding the compound by 2 g / kg of feed. The results of the analysis showed that there significant differences (P≤ 0.05) in the average body weight in the fourth and fifth week, while the weekly weight was gained in the second, fourth, and fifth weeks. In contrast to that, there were significant differences (P≤ 0.05) in the rate of the weekly feed consumption in the first and fourth weeks, but it was noted that the consumed feed decreased in the fifth week in favor of the additional groups when comparing with the control treatment. Lastly, the research showed that there were no significant differences in the first, second, and third weeks, but there were significant differences (P≤ 0.05) in the fourth and fifth weeks for the additional treatments when compared with the control group in the factor of food conversion.
The Physiological Effect of Different Types of Water used to Thermally Stressed Ewes During the Summer Season
Authors: Al-Mafarji Dalal Ali Talib , Alsaadi Sarmad Abdul Razak Abood 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted in the sheep field of the Department of Animal Production-Faculty of Agriculture - University of Kirkuk for the period from 15/6/2021 to 15/9/2021, The study targeted the role of water types in influencing some of the chemical and biological qualities of ewes exposed to heat stress in the summer. 20 sexually mature ewes were used at the age of 1.5 year with an average weight of 44.12 kg, The animals were divided into four groups, each group included five ewes of homogeneous weights, and then randomly divided the coefficients into groups, The first treatment was irrigated with tap water, the second treatment was irrigated with well water, the third treatment was irrigated with tap water treated magnetically (1500 gauss) and the fourth treatment was irrigated with well water treated magnetically (1500 gauss). The results of the study showed a significant decrease (p≤0.05) in the level of glucose and the level of AST and ALT enzymes for magnetically treated water groups. The results did not show significant differences between the treatments in the level of total protein, as there were differences mathematically, where the two groups outperformed the treatment with magnetically treated water, as well as showed a significant increase (p≤0.05) in the level of creatine and cortisol in the second treatment and decreased in the magnetically treated water totals.
Bioaccumulation of some Heavy Metals (Cadmium, Copper and Zinc) in Three Tissues of the Common Carp Cyprinus carpio L. Collected from a Mud Culture
Authors: Joudah Sarah Kadhim , Fahad Kamil kadhim 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The current study was conducted to find out the bioaccumulation of the three elements cadmium, copper and zinc, in tissues of the common carp Cyprinus carpio L., they were gills, muscles and viscera. Cultivated in three mud ponds in Thi Qar Governorate - Nasiriyah city, Shatrah district, in the village of Al-Ajjah Al-Buhan, near Al-Ghamouqa Valley, it is 55 km away from the center of Al-Nasiriyah. The fish were distributed to the lakes with uniform densities for the period from 5/11/2022 to 5/4/2023, by 1000 fish/m3 were used, it was divided into three lakes equally, with an average weight of 20 gm. A standard local diet was used to feed the fish, standard methods were used to estimate the concentrations of heavy metals in tissues, by a flame atomic absorption spectrometer. Results were recorded in tissues for cadmium in gills, muscles and viscera. The highest values were in the autumn season for gills and muscles, respectively (12.13-12.77 μg/gm dry weight). The highest concentration recorded in spring for tissues was (8.3 μg/gm dry weight). Copper recorded the highest value in gills, muscles and viscera, in the spring season (222.14, 334.77 and 110.65μg/gm dry weight), respectively. Zinc recorded high concentrations in the gills, viscera, and muscles, i In autumn (350.34, 259.17 and 303.34 μg/g dry weight), respectively. The results showed that the accumulation of elements; Heavy was in the following order: Zinc > copper > cadmium. Cadmium: gills > viscera > muscles. Copper: gills > muscles > viscera. Zinc: gills > viscera > muscles.
Effect of Genetic and Non-Genetic Factors on Male Sexual Performance in Awassi Rams
Authors: Al-Dulaim Makki Khalaf , Hamid Talib Ahmed , Al-Kaabi Laith Karim Obaid , Hamza Dalal Omran , Alsherify Bahaa AbdUlameer Hadi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The study was determined to conducted in private farm for sheep breeding located in the middle of Iraq through the year 2020 2021 by using 21 Local Awassi rams and 13 Turkish Awasssi rams divided in to tow groups (less than 3 years and more than 3 years age). Results showed a real significant effects (P≤0.01) of ram breed on semen traits, the volume of semen was 1.04 mil as average in local Awassi breed compared with the Turkish Awassi rams breed namely, 1,72 ml. The abnormality rate of sperms was differed significantly (P≤0.01) according the rams breed, the highest abnormality rate was recorded in Turkish breed namely, 9.09%. A significant effect (P≤0.05) of ram breed on somatic cells count in semen, the highest count was recorded in Local breed (4.19×106/ml) while the lowest count was in Turkish breed (2.16×106/ml). Results showed a significant effects of ram age (P≤0.05) on semen volume in Turkish Awassi breed, the lowest volume of semen was recorded in rams with less than three years of age compared with the rams with more than three years of age namely, 1.43 and 2.01 ml respectively. Abnormality rate differed significantly (P≤0.01) according age also, the rams less than three years of age recorded the lowest abnormality rate (4.61%) compared with the Turkish rams with more than three years old which recorded 7.61%. Somatic cells count in semen differed significantly by rams age in Turkish Awassi rams and it about 1.85×106/ml in younger rams and increased to 2.47×106/ml in older rams and no significant difference in motility rate according age in the Local breed.
Iraqi Awassi Lambs Performance Fed Nano Clay Minerals
Authors: Sundos F. M. , Al-Sudani H. M. K. , Al-Salmany A. S. M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of adding natural and Nano clay minerals on the digestibility, rumen characteristics, blood parameters, and meat muscle in Iraqi Awassi lambs. The study was conducted at the animal farm of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, using 25 lambs aged between 3 and 4 months, with an average weight of 16 kg. The animals were divided into five groups, each containing five lambs. The first group served as the control group (T1) and did not receive any supplement to their food. The diets of the other groups (T2, T3, T4, and T5) contained clay minerals in proportions of 2% and 4% natural clay, and 2.4 g of nano-clay minerals per animal per day, respectively. To provide a balanced diet, alfalfa hay was introduced as a roughage feed, and concentrate feed was added at 3% of the lambs’ body weight. The feed intake was measured weekly for a duration of 90 days. The study showed significant differences in organic digestibility, no significant in the pH and concentration of ammonia. Volatile fatty acids showed significance (P≤0.05) in Group T3. Moreover, significant differences (P≤0.01) were found in glucose levels and (P≤0.05) in cholesterol and triglyceride levels (mg/dl). The chemical analysis of muscle indicated a significant increase (P≤0.01) in protein percentages.
Relationship of Body Condition Score at Calving with Reproductive Performance, some Blood Metabolites and some Pathological Conditions in Holstein Cows
Authors: Mohammed Waleed Ahmed , Ali Hafedh Mossa , Aljanabi Hameed Razzak Abbas 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The study was conducted at The Great Diwaniyah cows station, located at the southern entrance of Al-Dagarah district - Al-Diwaniyah Governorate, from 6/12/2021 to 25/2/2023, to examine the relationship between body condition score (BCS) and reproductive traits, blood biomarkers, and metabolic diseases in Iraqi Holstein-Friesian cows. The 50 cows in parity2 were divided by body condition at calving into three groups (BCS1 = 2.5-3 point (17 cows), BCS2 = 3-4 point (20 cows), and BCS3 = 4 -5 point (13 cows)) based on 1-5 point scal. They were milked twice a day, morning and evening, by an automatic milking machine. The study found a substantial decrease (P≤0.01) in days open for BCS1 (77.18 days) compared to BCS2 (84.05 days) and BCS3 (88.23 days). The BCS2 group had considerably fewer days available (P≤0.01). Compared to BCS3. The study found a significant decrease (P≤0.01) in inter-calving interval for BCS1 group (354.59 days) compared to BCS2 and BCS3 groups (360.95 and 365.69 days, respectively). BCS2 group showed considerably shorter duration (P≤0.01) compared to BCS3 group. The study found no significant influence on inseminations per pregnancy or pregnancy length in the three cow groups. The study found that the BCS2 group had significantly higher glucose concentration (62.19 mg/100 ml) post-calving compared to BCS3 group (57.86 mg/100 ml), but BCS1 group did not differ significantly (59.30 mg/100 ml). The study found a substantial rise (P≤0.01) in BHB concentration (0.922 mmol/L) in the BCS3 group compared to BCS2 and BCS1 (0.743 and 0.674 mmol/L, respectively). BCS3 group showed a substantial increase (P≤0.01) in NEFA concentration (0.590 mmol/L) compared to BCS2 and BCS1 groups (0.476 and 0.461 mmol/L, respectively). During peak production, BCS2 group had a significant increase (P≤0.05) in glucose concentration (64.04 mg/100 ml) compared to BCS3 group (58.97 mg/100 ml), while BCS1 group did not differ significantly (60.97 mg/100 ml). BCS3 group showed a substantial increase (P≤0.01) in BHB concentration (0.434 mmol/L) compared to BCS2 and BCS1 groups (0.297 and 0.318 mmol/L, respectively). The study found a substantial increase (P≤0.01) in NEFA concentration in the BCS3 group (0.290 mmol/L) compared to BCS2 and BCS1 (0.205 and 0.215 mmol/L, respectively). The study found a significant (P≤0.05) increase in ketosis in Holstein cows with BCS2 and BCS3 groups, with rates of 1 (5.0%) and 2 (15.38%), respectively, compared to the BCS1 group with no injury. No significant changes were seen in placental retention, metritis, mastitis, and neonatal mortality between cows. According to the study, bodily condition during calving is linked to reproductive features, blood metabolites, and disease infection in cows.
Effects of Glycitein Injections on Native Chickens’ Ability to Reproduce, Sex Ratio in Offspring
Authors: Al-Mousawi Noha A. , Al-Hayani Waleed Kh. , Alate Yousif M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The aim of this study was to improve the reproductive ability of native Iraqi chickens with the use of glycitein. The Studie was conducted on a of 120 Iraqi native chickens, consisting of 100 hens and 20 roosters. The chickens were 26 weeks old at the time of the study. The chickens were divided into four treatment groups, with each group consisting of 25 chicks. The experimental design consisted of four groups: the first group served as the non-injection control (referred to as T1), while the remaining groups (T2, T3, and T4) were treated with injections of glycitein at concentrations of 5, 10, and 15 mg/kg body weight, respectively. These injections were given subcutaneously in the neck region, with a frequency of once every 28 days across a span of three periods. Subsequently, an examination was conducted on the percentages of fertility and hatchability, as well as the primary and secondary sex ratios pertaining to female subjects. The results of the study showed that the use of glycitein injection had a beneficial impact on fertility, hatching, as well as primary and secondary sex ratios. Therefore, it can be concluded that the impact of glycitein yields a favourable outcome on both the primary and secondary sexual ratios.
The Impact of Fertilizer Type on Iron Availability in the Rhizosphere of Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Al-Hasmoti Safaa Jassem Hussein , Jarallah Raid Shaalan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the effect of different fertilizer sources on iron availability at different growth periods in the rhizosphere of maize crop. Different treatment levels of nitrogen fertilizer (urea) 400 and 200 kg ha-1, humic acid 500 and 250 cm l-1 per dunum, and organic fertilizer (sheep waste) 8 and 4 tons ha-1 were used in addition to the control were used. The treatment levels were considered the recommended and half the recommended dose for each. A Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D.) was used with three replications. The seeds of the local maize variety were sown in 9 m2 (3m × 3m) plots. The available iron was estimated in the rhizosphere and bulk soils × 70 and 100 days of maize planting. The results showed that urea, humic acid, and sheep manure increased the concentration of available iron in the rhizosphere and bulk soils. The highest values were in the rhizosphere, and bulk soils with the treatment of the recommended level of sheep manure, and the lowest was the treatment of half of the recommended level in mineral fertilization in both periods of 70 and 100 days of cultivation. This refers to the role of organic matter in the processing of iron. The results present a decrease in the concentration of available iron in 100 days compared to 70 days of cultivation in the rhizosphere and bulk soils.
The Effect of Soil Depth and its Management on the Stability of Soil Aggregates of Different Pedons in Basra Governorate
Authors: Saleh Saadia M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Four soils were selected by different departments of Basra Governorate, namely Abu Al-Khasib, Al-Tanuma, Al-Nashwa, and Al-Deir (i.e., cultivated and uncultivated) in the area confined between longitudes 30.980 and 47.460 N and latitudes 30.452 and 47.967 E for the study. Estimation of soil stability of eight cultivated and uncultivated Bedoons. In the province of Basra, in addition to studying some chemical properties such as organic matter and calcium carbonate, The results showed the effect of soil management on the average weighted diameter and the organic matter, where clear differences were found in the soil layers, especially in the cultivated areas compared to the uncultivated areas, especially in the surface layers of Abu al-Khasib and. Bedons al-Nashwa, while it decreases in the surface layers of Pedon l-Deir and Tanumah, and excludes among them the Bedons Abu al-Khasib. It is not cultivated as it decreases in the surface layer and increases with depth compared to other crops due to the presence of palm roots.
The Effect of the Temperature and Bacteria (Pseudomonas) and Tichoderma in the Pygical Decade of the Glyphosate in the Growth of Potatoes
Authors: Mohammed Sara Jasim , Ali Hala Arshad , Khadhum Ali A , Saleh Jasim Mohammed 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The experiment was carried out in two phases during the 2022-2023 agricultural season in the Faculty of Agriculture/Anbar University field and in the Euphrates Basin Research Centre laboratory. To determine the impact of glyphosate pesticides on the potato jungle, pesticide residue levels in soil and plants, and active ingredient loadings within 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% ranges. Experiments were conducted by designing an entirely random sector RCBD and three remedies by cultivating the potato crop Borina. In a second experiment, soil and potato crops were analyzed in the laboratory to determine pesticide residues in the soil and plants, and the extent to which heat level affected pesticide degradation. Studies have shown that storage duration affects the growth of pseudomonas. This is because the longer the culture time and the higher the concentration factor, the more positive the process and the greater the degradation of pesticides. Percentages of 5%, 10%, and 15% indicated 20% pesticide degradation per day. On day 2 and his 3rd day, bacterial growth became negative after his 4th day. The results of the study also showed that the temperature was 37 degrees Celsius, which is the optimum concentration for pesticide decomposition, 5, 10, and 15% in three proportions. Researchers recommend an association with the use of proportionate concentrations.
Estimation of Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity using Pedotransfer Function (PTFS) in Gypsiferous Soil
Authors: Fattah Ahmed A. , Shihab Ramzi M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of pedotransfer functions (PTFS) in estimating the saturated hydraulic conductivity in gypsum soil. The saturated hydraulic conductivity was measured for 26 unexcited samples using the permeability of the falling head, and then some chemical and physical properties of the study soil were measured. Rosetta and a number of models were used to predict the saturated hydraulic conductivity. Three statistical criteria, namely NSE, RMSE, and R2, were used to evaluate the performance of the models. The results showed that the second model of Rosetta, which depends on sand, silt, clay, and bulk density as input, is the best, as the values of NSE and RMSE were -13.28 and 0.31, respectively, while the other models, Puckett, Smettem, Bristow, and Saxton, were the best in predicting the saturated hydraulic conductivity of Among the models, the RMSE values were 0.52, 0.54, and 0.47, respectively, and the NSE values were 0.92, 0.91, and 0.93, respectively.