bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical and mental development of children after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer
Authors: NAKAJO YUKIKO , FUKUNAGA NORITAKA , FUCHINOUE KOHEI , YAGI AKIKO , CHIBA SETSUYO , TAKEDA MIHO , KYONO KOICHI , ARAKI YASUHISA 
Published: May 2004

Objective:  To evaluate the physical and mental development of children after in vitro fertilization (IVF) and frozen embryo transfer (FET).Methods:  Between July 1995 and November 2003, 506 patients delivered 658 babies after IVF and ET treatment at our clinic (intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), 418; conventional IVF, (C‐IVF) 125; FET, 115). A survey of the physical and mental developmental of the children was conducted by mailing questionnaires to parents. Comparisons were made between three treatment procedures, and development of singleton, twin and triplet delivery.Results:  The response rate was 73.4% (483/658) for 324 children born after ICSI, 78 born after C‐IVF, and 81 born after FET. The height and weight of assisted reproductive technology (ART) children at birth were significantly lower than that of naturally conceived babies (ART children: natural delivery; 46.8 cm, 49.0 cm and 2524 g, 3040 g, respectively). However, there was no significant difference between the singletons alone and naturally conceived children irrespective of the ART method. In addition, mental development was the same between singletons and naturally conceived children. The ART group tended to delay body development such as ‘holding their head up’, ‘sitting up’, ‘crawl’ to moving growth in multiple births.Conclusion:  The physical and mental development of twins or triplets was significantly more delayed than that of naturally conceived babies, but had improved to a similar extent of the singletons after the age of 6 months. (Reprod Med Biol 2004; 3: 63–67)
Randomized study comparing day 2 versus day 3 elective transfer of two good‐quality embryos
Authors: SUZUKI TATSUYA , SHIBAHARA HIROAKI , HIRANO YUKI , OHNO AKIKO , TAKAMIZAWA SATORU , SUZUKI MITSUAKI 
Published: May 2004

Objective:  The number of embryos transferred is very important to avoid multiple pregnancies without compromising pregnancy rates in in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)–embryo transfer (ET). We established criteria for the elective transfer of two embryos (age <40, first treatment cycle, good‐quality embryos ≥3) to avoid high‐order multiple pregnancies, and reported their usefulness. In the current study, we compared the clinical outcome of day 2 versus day 3 elective transfer of two good‐quality embryos, in order to investigate the day of preferential transfer.Methods:  A total of 228 cycles were treated with IVF/ICSI–ET from August 1999 to August 2002. From this total, 114 patients who were less than 40 years old and also had a first treatment cycle were enrolled in the present study (50.0%). The elective transfer of two good‐quality embryos was carried out in 36 cycles (31.6%). Patients were randomized for transfer on either day 2 or day 3 after oocyte retrieval.Results:  The pregnancy rate of women who received two good‐quality embryos was 44.4% (16 out of 36). The multiple pregnancy rate was 12.5% (two out of 16) and all pregnancies outcomes were twins. There were no significant differences between day 2 and day 3 ET for the following criteria: the number of cycles (24, 12); age (32.8 ± 3.4 years, 32.5 ± 2.7 years); number of oocytes retrieved (10.0 ± 3.3, 9.0 ± 6.0); number of embryos developed (7.6 ± 3.5, 6.9 ± 3.7); and number of good‐quality embryos cryopreserved (3.5 ± 2.7, 3.6 ± 2.1). Higher pregnancy and implantation rates were obtained in day 3 ET than day 2 ET (37.5 and 20.8% in day 2 ET vs 58.3 and 33.3% in day 3 ET); however, there were no significant differences.Conclusion:  Day 3 ET appears to be preferable to achieve more viable embryos than day 2 ET. (Reprod Med Biol 2004; 3: 99–104)
Oral ketamine premedication can prevent emergence agitation in children after desflurane anaesthesia*
Authors: Kararmaz Alper , Kaya Sedat , Turhanoglu Selim , Ozyilmaz Mehmet Ali 
Published: May 2004

SummaryBackground : The purpose of the present study was to determine whether oral ketamine premedication affected the incidence of emergence agitation in children.Methods : Thirty minutes before induction of anaesthesia, 80 children who were undergoing adenotonsillectomy with or without bilateral myringotomy and insertion of tubes received either ketamine 6 mg·kg−1 per oral in group K or sour cherry juice alone in group C. Anaesthesia was maintained with desflurane. Emergence and recovery times were recorded. Tramadol was used for postoperative analgesia. Fentanyl (1 μg·kg−1) was administered for the treatment of emergence agitation or severe pain that still continued after tramadol administration. Postoperative behaviour was evaluated using a 5‐point agitation scale.Results : The incidence of emergence agitation was 56% in group C, and 18% in group K (P = 0.001). There was no significant difference with respect to emergence times except from time to eye opening that was significantly longer in group K (P < 0.0001).Conclusion : Oral ketamine premedication reduced the incidence of postanaesthesia emergence agitation in children without delaying recovery.
A comparison between single‐ and double‐breath vital capacity inhalation induction with 8% sevoflurane in children
Authors: Ho Kok‐Yuen , Chua Wee‐Leng , Lim Serene ST , Agnes SB NG 
Published: May 2004

SummaryBackground : This study was conducted to determine if a double‐breath (DB) vital capacity (VC) rapid inhalation induction using immediate high‐inspired concentration of sevoflurane is as well tolerated as a single‐breath (SB) technique and if it results in a shorter induction time.Methods : A total of 104 children, ASA I‐II, 6 year and above, undergoing elective surgery were randomly assigned to two groups: SB VC inhalation induction or DB VC inhalation induction with 8% sevoflurane in 66% nitrous oxide. The induction time, complications (cough, laryngospasm, breath‐hold, movement, salivation) and level of satisfaction were documented.Results : Induction was significantly faster in the DB group (41 ± 9 s) compared with the SB group (50 ± 14 s). DB inhalation induction was associated with fewer complications (15.4%) than the SB technique (50%).Conclusions : Double‐breath VC inhalation induction with 8% sevoflurane is as well tolerated as a SB technique and results in a faster onset of anaesthesia.
Manikin training for neonatal resuscitation with the laryngeal mask airway
Authors: Gandini Donna , Brimacombe Joseph 
Published: May 2004

SummaryBackground : We describe our experience of brief (≤15 min) manikin‐only training with the laryngeal mask airway (LMATM) for neonatal resuscitation in 80 health care workers.Methods : Prior to training, 31% had not heard of the LMA, 57% did not know the LMA could be used for neonatal resuscitation and 88% thought it was a disposable device.Results : The mean (sd) range time to insert the LMA after training was 5 (2, 5–16) s and there were no failed insertions. The preferred technique for neonatal resuscitation, before vs after training, changed from 72 to 14% for the face mask (P < 0.00001), from 6 to 80% for the LMA (P < 0.00001), from 5 to 0% for laryngoscope‐guided tracheal intubation (P = 0.04) and from 16 to 5% for unknown (P = 0.02). All considered that training was adequate and the LMA should be available on neonatal resuscitation carts. Confidence in using the LMA increased from 8 to 97% (P < 0.0001).Conclusions : We conclude that LMA insertion success rates are high and confidence increases after brief manikin‐only training.
The 24‐h frequency‐volume chart in adults reporting no voiding complaints: defining reference values and analysing variables
Authors: Van Haarst E.P. , Heldeweg E.A. , Newling D.W. , Schlatmann T.J. 
Published: May 2004

OBJECTIVETo determine the variables (e.g. voiding frequency, voided volumes, urine production) and their mutual relationships and differences between age groups and genders, using a frequency‐volume chart (FVC) in an adult population (representing all age groups) who denied having any voiding complaints.SUBJECTS AND METHODSIn all, 1152 men and women aged > 20 years completed a 24‐h FVC; registration started with the first voided volume in the morning and concluded with the first voided volume the next morning. The time of voiding and volume were both recorded, and bedtime hours noted. Each participant claimed to have no voiding complaints. The statistical analysis was aimed at discerning the relationships between the FVC variables, gender and age.RESULTSThere was a linear increase in mean 24‐h voiding frequency and nocturia in men, from 6.0 and 0.5 in the third decade to 8.5 and 1.6 in those aged > 70 years. Contrary to men, in women the mean 24‐h frequency declined slightly in the older decades; it increased from 6.9 in the third to 8.2 in the sixth, declining to 7.8 in those aged > 70 years. Nocturia in women increased linearly, although slower than in men, from 0.7 in the third decade to 1.4 in those aged > 70 years. The mean volume/void decreased significantly in both genders, from 313 to 209 mL in men, and from 274 to 240 mL in women. The mean 24‐h volume was 1718 and 1762 mL in men and women, respectively. For both genders there was a strong linear association between 24‐h urine production and voided volumes.CONCLUSIONThe volume/void and maximum voided volume decreased significantly with age in both sexes, but more prominently in men. As a result, in men the frequency increased with age, probably reflecting subclinical changes associated with the development of prostatic enlargement. In contrast to men the frequency in women increased initially and decreased in the older groups. A higher 24‐h urine production was associated with a higher mean volume/void.
Does the cause of obstructive azoospermia affect the outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Nicopoullos J.D.M. , Gilling‐Smith C. , Ramsay J.W.A 
Published: May 2004

OBJECTIVETo define whether the outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) using sperm surgically retrieved from men with obstructive azoospermia (OA) depends on the cause of obstruction.PATIENTS AND METHODSWe first analysed our data and then used a meta‐analysis of published data (including ours) to compare the outcome of ICSI in OA, classified in terms of congenital and acquired causes. The present study comprised 82 couples who underwent 127 ICSI cycles using surgically retrieved sperm. The cause was classified as congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens (CBAVD, in 20), after vasectomy (56), infective/inflammatory (21), noninfective (24) and ejaculatory (five). Five reports (687 cycles) including the present were identified as suitable for meta‐analysis.RESULTSAnalysis of the present data showed that fertilization and live‐birth rates were highest in men with a previous vasectomy and no infective cause (vasectomy 51% and 23%; not infective 53% and 29%, respectively) and lowest in men with infective or inflammatory causes. There was no difference in outcome if the sperm was fresh or frozen, or whether epididymal or testicular. Meta‐analysis comparing congenital (CBAVD) and acquired causes showed a significantly increased fertilization rate (95% confidence interval, 0.84–1) with acquired causes. Meta‐analysis of the three papers reporting delivery outcome showed no difference in live‐birth rate but a significantly higher miscarriage rate in the congenital group (relative risk 2.67).CONCLUSIONIn ICSI cycles in men with OA the cause appears to influence the outcome, but outcome is not affected by whether the retrieved sperm is fresh, frozen, epididymal or testicular. The meta‐analysis suggested a higher fertilization rate and lower miscarriage rate in acquired causes of OA.
Phosphodiesterase‐linked inhibition of nonmicturition activity in the isolated bladder
Authors: Gillespie J.I. 
Published: May 2004

Over the past few months Gillespie has published several papers in the BJU International investigating the overactive bladder and BOO, using novel models and theories. This next paper continues these concepts and shows that the mechanisms influencing the frequency of agonist‐induced phasic activity in the isolated bladder model is slowed by cAMP. These findings will have important implications in future pharmacological strategies in the overactive bladder.OBJECTIVETo explore the influence of intracellular cAMP on phasic activity in the isolated bladder (phasic rises in intravesical pressure associated with waves of contraction and local stretches that can be activated by muscarinic or nicotinic agonists), as it has been argued that this activity underlies nonmicturition contractions, and that it contributes to the generation and modulation of afferent nerve activity.MATERIALS AND METHODSIsolated whole bladders from female guinea pigs (270–300 g) were cannulated via the urethra and suspended in a chamber containing oxygenated Tyrode solution at 33–35 °C. Bladder pressure was recorded and pharmacological agents added to the solution bathing the abluminal surface of the bladder.RESULTSForskolin (1–3 µmol/L), an activator of adenyl cyclase, reduced the frequency and amplitude of the phasic activity induced by the muscarinic agonist arecaidine (300 nmol/L). There were similar changes in frequency and amplitude in bladders exposed to the nonspecific phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor iso‐butyl‐methyl‐xanthene (IBMX). The actions of specific PDE inhibitors were explored to assess which isoenzymes might be responsible for regulating phasic activity. ENHA (PDE‐2), zaprinast (PDE‐5, ‐6, ‐8, ‐9 and ‐11) and siguazodan (PDE‐3) had no effect. Zardavarine (PDE‐3, ‐4) and Ro 20‐1724 (PDE‐4) reduced both the frequency and amplitude of the phasic activity. Nerve‐mediated rises in intravesical pressure were also inhibited by Ro 20‐1724, and the inhibition was more pronounced at 6.5 Hz than at 30 Hz stimulation. Ro 20‐1724 inhibited nerve‐mediated fluctuations induced by prolonged (200 s) stimulation at 6.5 Hz.CONCLUSIONThe mechanisms influencing the frequency of agonist‐induced phasic activity in the isolated bladder are slowed by cAMP. Degradation of intracellular cAMP in the cells responsible for phasic activity appears to involve primarily PDE‐4. The importance of these observations in relation to the overall physiological regulation of the bladder are discussed, and the possible importance of these findings in the development of pharmacological strategies to modulated bladder activity reviewed.
Relationship of erythrocyte membrane polyunsaturated fatty acids and prostate‐specific antigen levels in Jamaican men
Authors: Ritch C.R. , Brendler C.B. , Wan R.L. , Pickett K.E. , Sokoloff M.H. 
Published: May 2004

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between erythrocyte membrane polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and serum prostate‐ specific antigen (PSA) levels in Jamaican men, as there may be an association between prostate cancer incidence and dietary fatty acids, and prostate cancer incidence in Jamaica is among the highest in the world.PATIENTS AND METHODSBlood from 107 Jamaican men was analysed for 32 individual fatty acids and PSA levels. Special attention was given to correlations between Ω3 and Ω6 PUFAs and PSA. Data were analysed using standard linear regression methods.RESULTSThe mean PSA was 18.6 ng/mL (normal 0–4.0); for age groups of 51–60, 61–70 and 71–80 years the levels were 14, 26 and 23 ng/mL, respectively. Eicosapentaenoic acid (Ω3) levels decreased as PSA exceeded 10 ng/mL (P = 0.02). Arachidonic acid (Ω6) levels decreased as PSA was < 2 ng/mL (P = 0.02). Linoleic acid (Ω6) levels decreased in men with PSA levels of 2–10 ng/mL (P = 0.04). In men with a PSA of > 10 ng/mL there was a positive correlation between the ratio of Ω6 to Ω3 PUFAs and PSA (P = 0.036); there was also a negative correlation between the ratio of Ω3 to Ω6 PUFAs and PSA (P = 0.08). When the ratio of Ω3 PUFAs over the products of Ω6 PUFAs were used, this trend was significant (P= 0.03).CONCLUSIONSIncreased levels of Ω6 PUFAs and the ratio of Ω6/Ω3 PUFAs in Jamaican men are associated with an increased mean PSA level and risk of prostate cancer. Additional studies are needed to establish a causal link between dietary fatty acid intake and the development of prostate cancer in Jamaican men.
Patients with bladder and lung cancer: a long‐term outcome analysis
Authors: El‐Hakim A. , Smith A.D. , Weiss G. 
Published: May 2004

OBJECTIVESTo report on patient characteristics, stage of disease and long‐term outcome and prognosis of patients with dual bladder and lung cancers, as there is an established increased risk of smoking‐related second primary cancers, especially lung cancer, developing in patients with bladder cancer.PATIENTS AND METHODSWe reviewed our hospital tumour registry database from 1990 to 2002, and identified 27 patients who had both bladder and lung cancers among 1038 with bladder cancer and 2427 with lung cancer. Seventeen patients had bladder cancer detected before lung cancer (group 1), and the remaining 10 had lung cancer diagnosed first (group 2).RESULTSGroup 1 and 2 were comparable in terms of patients’ characteristics, mean interval between cancer detection and their use of tobacco. Group 1 patients had a tendency towards more invasive lung cancer at diagnosis than had group 2 patients (11/17 vs 2/10 stage ≥ IIB, respectively; P = 0.082). The mean follow‐up was 49.8 and 64.5 months for groups 1 and 2, respectively (not significant). The mean (sd) interval to death from the date of diagnosis of lung cancer was 18 (17) months for group 1 and 65 (42) months for group 2 (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONSPatients with bladder and lung cancer who have lung cancer detected first have a lower lung cancer stage and higher overall survival rate than patients diagnosed with bladder cancer first.
Comparison of clinical and pathological features in African‐American and Caucasian patients with localized prostate cancer
Authors: Kang J.S. , Maygarden S.J. , Mohler J.L. , Pruthi R.S. 
Published: May 2004

OBJECTIVETo examine patient characteristics, prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels, and established preoperative and pathological prognostic factors to determine differences between Caucasian and African‐American patients with localised prostate cancer, as it remains controversial whether African‐American men present with more aggressive disease.PATIENTS AND METHODSOne hundred consecutive patients (aged 53–76 years) undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) at an equal‐access tertiary‐care centre were retrospectively reviewed. All patients had preoperative PSA levels, a physical examination (including clinical staging), and sextant biopsy. Insurance information was also collected. The same urological oncologist determined clinical staging and performed all the RRPs, and the same genitourinary pathologist determined the Gleason grade for biopsies and surgical specimens, pathological stage, percentage of tumour involvement, and specimen weight. African‐American and Caucasian patients were compared for PSA, clinical stage, pathological stage, biopsy and pathological Gleason grade, organ confinement, margin status and specimen weight. Using preoperative and pathological data, both groups were also compared for over‐ and under‐staging and ‐grading. The Wilcoxon rank test with P < 0.05 was used to determine statistically significant differences.RESULTSAfrican‐American patients were more likely to be Medicaid or self‐insured than Caucasian patients. Age, biopsy grade and clinical stage were not significantly different between the groups. African‐American patients presented with a mean PSA level of 11.9 ng/mL and Caucasians with a mean of 8.5 ng/mL (P = 0.03). When clinical and biopsy data were compared with pathological data there were no differences between the groups in under/over‐grading or under/over‐staging. African‐American patients had larger prostates per surgical specimen than their Caucasian counterparts (59.3 g vs 51.6 g, respectively; P = 0.04).CONCLUSIONSIn a referred, equal‐access system, African‐American patients presented with higher serum PSA levels and had larger prostates in the surgical specimen. However, African‐American patients did not present at an earlier age or with higher Gleason grade or clinical stage, nor were pathological grade and stages higher. Other pathological features were no different. African‐American patients were not under‐ or over‐staged or under‐ or over‐graded more than their Caucasian counterparts. This retrospective study does not suggest that African‐American men present with more aggressive disease.
Effect of peripheral biopsies in maximising early prostate cancer detection in 8‐, 10‐ or 12‐core biopsy regimens
Authors: Philip J. , Ragavan N. , Desouza J. , Foster C.S. , Javlé P. 
Published: May 2004

OBJECTIVETo assess the cancer detection rate per individual core biopsy in a 12‐core protocol and develop an optimal biopsy regimen for detecting early prostate cancer.PATIENTS AND METHODSThe study included 445 new patients who had a 12‐core transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS)‐guided prostatic biopsy over a 40‐month period. The 12‐ core biopsy protocol included parasagittal sextant and six peripheral biopsies. The cancer detection rate per individual core was evaluated to give an optimal biopsy protocol.RESULTSProstate cancer was detected in 142 patients (31.9%). Parasagittal sextant biopsy would have failed to detect 40 (28.2%) of the cancers. Among the various possible biopsy protocols, the optimum 10‐core biopsy strategy excluding the parasagittal mid‐zone biopsies from the 12‐core protocol achieved a cancer detection rate of 98.6%.CONCLUSIONThe cancer detection rate increased from 71.8% for parasagittal sextant biopsies to 88.7% by adding peripheral basal biopsies (8‐biopsy protocol); 98.6% of cancers in the series would have been detected with a 10‐biopsy strategy omitting the parasagittal mid‐zone biopsies. Thus we recommend a 10‐core protocol incorporating six peripheral biopsies in patients with elevated age‐ specific prostate‐specific antigen levels (2.6–10.0 ng/mL) for maximising cancer detection.
Ureteric calculi in children: preliminary experience with holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy
Authors: Al‐Busaidy S.S. , Prem A.R. , Medhat M. , Al‐Bulushi Y.H.K. 
Published: May 2004

OBJECTIVETo determine the efficacy and safety of holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy in children with ureteric calculi.PATIENTS AND METHODSBetween 1999 and 2003, 28 ureteroscopic laser procedures were carried out on 26 children (14 boys and 12 girls, mean age 6.5 years) with ureteric calculi. The mean (range) stone size was 1.21 (0.4–2.2) cm. At ureteroscopy the calculi were in the upper ureter in six (23%), mid‐ureter in five (19%) and lower ureter in 15 (58%) patients. A rigid 8 F ureteroscope was used and the Ho:YAG laser energy delivered at 0.6–1.4 J and 6–10 Hz. All patients were evaluated after 3 months with intravenous urography to confirm stone clearance and to exclude ureteric stricture formation.RESULTSThe overall stone‐free rate was 92% (24 children) after 28 ureteroscopic procedures. Stones were completely cleared in 83%, 80% and 100% of the procedures in the upper, mid‐ and lower ureters, respectively. In two children the procedure failed; they were salvaged by ureterolithotomy in one and extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy in the other. During the procedures, a ureteric perforation was caused by several factors, including a technically difficult procedure and higher laser energy. At the mean (range) follow‐up of 18 (3–39) months, low grade vesico‐ureteric reflux was detected in two children, and there were no ureteric strictures in any.CONCLUSIONHolmium:YAG laser lithotripsy is an efficient and safe treatment for ureteric calculi in children.