bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amyloid is associated with accelerated atrophy in cognitively unimpaired individuals
Authors: Stephenson Henry Gilreath , Betthauser Tobey J. , Langhough Rebecca , Jonaitis Erin , Du Lianlian , Van Hulle Carol , Kollmorgen Gwendlyn , Quijano‐Rubio Clara , Chin Nathaniel A. , Okonkwo Ozioma C. , Carlsson Cynthia M. , Asthana Sanjay , Johnson Sterling C. , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Bendlin Barbara B. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThis study examined the association of longitudinal atrophy with baseline cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid beta (Aβ, A) and phosphorylated tau (p‐tau, T) biomarkers (Aβ42/40, p‐tau181) in 406 cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals (6.670 years of follow‐up on average, up to 13 imaging visits) to assess whether A+ is associated with Alzheimer's disease–like atrophy and whether this depends on p‐tau181 levels.METHODSAn A‐T‐ CU group free from abnormal neurodegeneration (N) was identified using a robust normative approach and used to model normal age‐related atrophy via z‐scoring. Linear mixed‐effects models tested differences in longitudinal atrophy between A+ and A‐T‐N‐ individuals and between A/T subgroups.RESULTSA+ was associated with worse atrophy within and beyond the medial temporal lobe, even at low levels of p‐tau181.DISCUSSIONNeurodegeneration likely begins soon after the onset of abnormal Aβ pathology. Clinical intervention at the earliest signs of Aβ pathology may be needed to mitigate further neurodegeneration.Highlights
An A‐T‐N‐ control group was identified using a robust normative approach
A+ was associated with accelerated atrophy in cognitively unimpaired individuals
Atrophy was observed even at low p‐tau181 levels
Non‐Consumptive Effects of Cannibalism Elicit a Metabolic Response in Dragonfly Larvae
Authors: Sysiak Monika , Baczyński Jakub , Mikulski Andrzej 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPredator–prey interactions typically involve changes in metabolic rates associated with hunting, foraging, and activation/maintenance of defense mechanisms. Similar response can result from non‐consumptive effects mediated by chemical cues, such as alarm cues (indicating predation), diet cues (signaling food resources), and kairomones (indicating predator or prey availability). While the impact of interspecific chemical communication on energy expenditure is well‐studied, the role of conspecific chemical cues is less understood. This study examines non‐consumptive effects of cannibalism on metabolic rates in dragonfly larvae (Sympetrum sanguineum). During the respiratory experiment, larvae were exposed to low and high concentrations of conspecific kairomones and kairomones with cues from injured conspecifics to simulate different population densities and conspecific interactions. Our results showed that high concentrations of kairomones and cues from injured conspecifics significantly increased larval respiration rates in comparison with controls and low concentrations. This suggests that in an environment with constant exposure to each other's cues, larvae face ongoing readiness costs, impacting their individual fitness and population dynamics.
Spatial Variation in Food Web Structures, Energy Flows, and System Attributes Along the Pearl River and Their Indications of Protection and Restoration
Authors: Wang Sai , Song Yong‐Duo , Wu En‐Ni , Wang Tuan‐Tuan , Iqbal Muhammad Shahid , Ou Hui‐Long , Xie Jia , Xia Wen‐Tong , Yang Feng‐Juan , Feng Jie , Wu Shen‐Hao , Zhang Yang , Jin Cong‐Cong , Ma Zhuo‐Luo , Zhang Hong‐Jin , Miao Li‐Yong , Wang Kuan‐Song 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTRiver ecosystems are facing significant degradation from human activities, which impact both biotic (e.g., fish and invertebrates) and abiotic components (e.g., water and habitat). A comprehensive comparison of energy flow patterns and system attributes among river food webs under different levels of human interference is highly important for developing management strategies to protect river ecosystems. Along the subtropical Pearl River, six spatial zones, including agricultural, industrial, island, urban, factory, and estuarine areas, were chosen to construct the Ecopath models. The output results revealed that the highest trophic level of the Pearl River was 3.8–4.2, which was occupied by softshell turtles and piscivorous/carnivorous fish. The most diverse functional groups were found in island and estuarine zones due to their heterogeneous habitats (e.g., high submerged vegetation coverage and the transition area between fresh and brackish water). In contrast, the food web structure in the industrial zone was destroyed due to water pollution (e.g., sewage discharge) and habitat degradation. The increase in exotic species and the decrease in native top predators were two factors that result in the low efficiency of energy transmission. A series of trophic (e.g., Lindeman transfer efficiency and mixed predator–prey impacts), structural (e.g., keystoneness, omnivory, and Finn's path length), and theoretical (e.g., connectance and ascendency) indices revealed that the health and maturity of the Pearl River sections can be ranked as island > estuarine > agricultural > urban > factory > industrial zones. The food chains led by softshell turtles (Pelodiscus sinensis), piscivores (e.g., Elopichthys bambusa), molluscivores (e.g., Mylopharyngodon piceus), and herbivores (e.g., Ctenopharyngodon idelus) could be used to indicate the health and functioning of river ecosystems. Our results suggest that the ecological management of river ecosystems should focus more efforts on protecting original habitats (e.g., the island zone with fish feeding/spawning grounds), monitoring bioindicators with keystone trophic impacts in the food web, and evaluating the food chains that play important roles in upward energy transmission.
Variation in thermal tolerance plasticity and the costs of heat exposure in the estuarine sea hare, Phyllaplysia taylori
Authors: Tanner Richelle L. , Bowie Rauri C. K. , Wang‐Claypool Cynthia Y. , Stillman Jonathon H. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractClimate change is increasing average temperatures and the frequency and intensity of thermal extremes in coastal marine environments. Organisms in coastal marine habitats are accustomed to environmental fluctuations and possess physiological plasticity that may be advantageous in response to increased occurrence of extremes. To examine whether such plasticity is locally adapted to environmental conditions, we investigated the relationship between genetic diversity and thermal tolerance plasticity in 11 populations of the direct‐developing intertidal sea hare, Phyllaplysia taylori, on the western coast of the United States. Using whole‐organism metrics of muscle function and metabolic rate and a ddRADseq genomic approach, we were unable to identify correlations between heat tolerance and underlying genetics on a population or individual level. P. taylori from all locations consistently exhibited critical thermal maxima (CTmax) above habitat temperatures (CTmax ranged from 24 to 35°C, average = 30.1 ± 0.2°C; average habitat temperature across habitats ranged from 12 to 20°C, average = 17 ± 2.7°C). We found little evidence for genetic distinctions between populations and high overall genetic diversity, suggesting more gene flow across long distances than was expected from their direct development life history strategy. The breadth of acclimation capacity we observed (11°C) was substantially wider than that reported for other poikilothermic taxa in the literature and did not follow a latitudinal cline. Our findings suggest that high plasticity of thermal tolerance exists across all populations and genetic panmixia is occurring despite life history limitations; thus, heat tolerance traits may not be under positive selection in P. taylori.
Mechanistic home range capture–recapture models for the estimation of population density and landscape connectivity
Authors: Fukasawa Keita , Higashide Daishi 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSpatial capture–recapture models (SCRs) provide an integrative statistical tool for analyzing animal movement and population patterns. Although incorporating home range formation with a theoretical basis of animal movement into SCRs can improve the prediction of animal space use in a heterogeneous landscape, this approach is challenging owing to the sparseness of recapture events. In this study, we developed an advection–diffusion capture–recapture model (ADCR), which is an extension of SCRs incorporating home range formation with advection–diffusion formalism, providing a new framework to estimate population density and landscape permeability. we tested the unbiasedness of the estimator using simulated capture–recapture data generated by a step selection function. We also compared the accuracy of population density estimates and home range shapes with those from SCR incorporating the least‐cost path and basic SCR. In addition, ADCR was applied to a real dataset of Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) in Japan to demonstrate the capacity of the ADCR to detect geographical barriers that constrain animal movements. Population density and permeability of ADCR were substantially unbiased for simulated datasets. ADCR could detect environmental signals on connectivity more sensitively and could estimate population density, home range shapes, and size variations better than the existing models. For the application to the bear dataset, ADCR could detect the effect of water bodies as a barrier to movement, which is consistent with previous studies, whereas estimates by SCR with the least‐cost path were difficult to interpret. ADCR provides unique opportunities to elucidate both individual‐ and population‐level ecological processes from capture–recapture data. By offering a formal link with step selection functions to estimate animal movement, it is suitable for simultaneously modeling capture–recapture data and animal movement data. This study provides a basis for studies of the interplay between animal movement processes and population patterns.
Trametinib Suppresses the Stimulated T Cells Through G1 Arrest and Apoptosis
Authors: Nakao Toshimasa , Shindo Takero , Takakura Hideki , Narita Takumi , Ise‐Nakao Yukako , Akiyama Saeko , Iizumi Yosuke , Boku Shogen , Watanabe Motoki , Sakai Toshiyuki , Shimizu Seiichi , Yamada Masaki , Sowa Yoshihiro , Mutoh Michihiro 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe development of efficient immunosuppressants may bring significant benefits to patients after organ/stem transplantation and those with allergies or autoimmune diseases. MEK inhibitors were originally developed as anticancer reagents, but recent reports have suggested that they may have the potential to be immunosuppressants. Trametinib is a first‐in‐class MEK inhibitor. Here, we examined the effects of trametinib on the immune system and revealed its mechanism. Trametinib suppressed both CD4 and CD8 T‐cell proliferation and activated T cells, which expressed CD25 and TIM3, in a dose‐dependent manner in vitro. Trametinib also suppressed T cell‐related cytokine secretion in a dose‐dependent manner. Notably, trametinib suppressed T cell proliferation through the induction of G1 arrest and apoptosis in stimulated T cells. In addition, trametinib induced regulatory T cells (Tregs). We confirmed that low concentrations of trametinib (1 and 10 nM) were not toxic toward splenic naïve T cells and normal mouse liver cells. In this study, we demonstrated whether trametinib suppressed CD4 and CD8 T cell proliferation by inducing G1 arrest and apoptosis along with suppression of cytokine secretion.
Factors Influencing the Household Food Security of Forest Villagers in Eastern Sub‐Himalayan India
Authors: Chettri Deepen , Datta Pritha , Rahut Dil Bahadur , Behera Bhagirath , Sonobe Tetsushi 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTFood insecurity is a serious concern in many developing countries, especially for forest communities, who grapple with unique challenges stemming from their dependence on natural resources and limited access to vital livelihood capitals. Despite extensive research on food security, there still remains a gap in understanding the distinct factors affecting food security within forest communities in conservation zones of the fragile Eastern Himalayas. This study seeks to fill this gap by examining the factors determining household food security among forest villagers in the Buxa Tiger Reserve, located in the eastern sub‐Himalayan region of India, which is characterized by significant environmental and socio‐economic challenges. Households were evaluated using the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) and grouped into four levels: food secure, mildly food insecure, moderately food insecure, and severely food insecure. The partial proportional odds model and marginal effects were estimated to analyze the effects of various explanatory variables on the severity of food insecurity. The results revealed that 28% of households were food secure, whereas 72% experienced varying degrees of food insecurity, with a majority falling into the mildly (37.33%) and severely (21.67%) food insecure categories. Key factors influencing food security include the age and education of the household head, landholding size, farming experience, dependency ratio, distance to the bank, and livestock loss due to leopard predation. Additionally, non‐farm income, social transfers, and remittances significantly contribute to improved food security. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted interventions to enhance educational opportunities, diversify income sources, and strengthen social safety nets to effectively address food insecurity among forest communities.
Analysis of Volatile Components of Chicken Bone Hydrolysate Maillard Reaction Products With Different Reaction Temperatures and Reaction Times Based on Electronic Nose and GC–MS
Authors: Li Heyan , Yao Ling , He Hongying , Xu Yu , Huang Jianhua , Song Zhihua , Wang Xingguo , Wang Xiaosan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTHeadspace solid‐phase microextraction‐gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME‐GC–MS) and electronic nose analysis were used to analyse the changes in volatile components in the Maillard reaction products (MRPs) under various reaction temperatures and reaction times. The results indicate that with increased thermal reaction intensity, both the variety and content of aldehydes, ketones, and heterocyclic compounds in the MRPs significantly increased, with MRPs obtained at 120°C for 30 min exhibiting the highest umami and meaty aroma. The study elucidated the impact of different reaction temperatures and times on the volatile compounds and flavours of MRPs from chicken bone enzymatic hydrolysate, and identified the optimal reaction temperature and time for the Maillard reaction of chicken bones. This effectively enhances the utilisation of chicken bone protein in flavoured foods.
Exploring Multiple Barriers to Proper Child Feeding Practices in Rural Districts of Ethiopia
Authors: Fikadu Kassahun , Yihune Manaye , Boynito Wanzahun Godana , Hailemariam Zeleke 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTInfants' and young children's health and development rely on optimal feeding techniques. Malnutrition is the leading cause of preventable illness and death in infants and early childhood. This impact is mostly significant in low‐ and middle‐income countries, where childhood illness and mortality rates have risen considerably. To explore the barriers to child feeding practices in the rural Gamo zone, south Ethiopia, from primary caregivers and different key individuals' perspectives. A phenomenological qualitative study approach with a purposive sampling technique was carried out to explore the barriers and facilitators of child feeding practices in the study area from August 14 to September 10, 2023. Data was collected from fathers, health extension workers, the health development army, religious leaders, and community elders who reside in rural communities of the Gamo zone. Three focus group discussions, including 8–10 participants per group with females and three with males until data saturation. A total of 51 discussants and 12 key informants participated in the study. The following barriers were identified from the study. Limited income and employment opportunities, lack of property ownership, limited maternal and husband education, and lack of knowledge about proper child feeding practices are among the factors leading to inadequate nutrition for children. Large family sizes, marriage‐related factors like polygamy, early marriage, limited freedom of partner choice, and gender inequalities can affect necessary support for appropriate child feeding practices and negatively impact children's nutrition. Moreover, cultural norms, religious beliefs, lack of awareness regarding the husband's income, and lack of support from family members or communities were identified as barriers that influence child feeding practices. The study unveiled three key themes that impede the adoption of appropriate child feeding practices: economic status, demographic conditions, and sociocultural aspects that affect the feeding practices of children. Effective interventions to improve child feeding practices must consider and address these identified barriers.
Lung Cancer Screening Participation Among Indigenous Peoples Worldwide: A Systematic Review of Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Belachew Sewunet Admasu , Bizuayehu Habtamu Mellie , Diaz Abbey , Jahan Shafkat , Crengle Sue , Fong Kwun , Garvey Gail 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIssue AddressedLung cancer screening (LCS) is crucial for Indigenous populations due to their higher lung cancer incidence rates and poorer outcomes. Despite efforts to establish LCS programmes, evidence on LCS cost‐effectiveness, participation rates, facilitators and barriers for Indigenous peoples remains limited. This systematic review aims to address this gap by reviewing available evidence.MethodsThis systematic review conducted searches for relevant articles in PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Google Scholar and references/citations of included articles.ResultsFifteen out of 19 eligible studies were conducted in the USA, three in New Zealand and one in Canada, with 23 715 Indigenous participants in the 15 quantitative studies. New Zealand studies found that LCS is cost‐effective for Māori, while the participation rate for American Indian/Alaska Natives (4.7%) was lower than for White Americans (21.7%). Facilitators included positive views of LCS, trust in Indigenous‐centred care/providers, trusted invitations, family and community support, transportation or flexible scheduling, culturally competent navigators and detailed health education. Barriers included limited knowledge about LCS/eligibility criteria, fear of the screening process or cancer diagnosis, mistrust or negative experiences in healthcare, cost and time constraints, limited transportation/resources and non‐inclusive eligibility criteria.ConclusionsFurther research is needed to understand the LCS among Indigenous peoples. Enhancing LCS participation requires leveraging positive experiences and addressing barriers with culturally tailored education and strategic resource allocation.So What?For Australia and similar countries preparing for LCSPs, global evidence highlights the need for adequate resources, integration of Indigenous cultural practices and active involvement of Indigenous communities in programme planning.
Assessment of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Knowledge and Attitudes Among Adolescent School Girls in Debre Berhan City, Ethiopia: A Community‐Based Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Ayele Siraye Genzeb , Tsige Abate Wondesen 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsChronic human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are the main cause of cervical carcinoma (CC). It has a significant worldwide disease burden and is the fourth most prevalent malignancy in women. Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among Ethiopian women, causing an estimated 4884 deaths and 7095 new instances of diagnosis annually. This study aimed to evaluate knowledge and attitudes of HPV vaccine among adolescent school girls.MethodsBetween June 2, 2023 and August 15, 2023, a study was conducted in Debre Berhan City. All adolescent girls between the ages of 14 and 18 who attended school in the chosen kebeles were eligible for participation in the current study. Schools were selected using a simple random sampling method. Epidata 4.2.0 was utilized for data entry and SPSS 25 for the analysis. There were three types of logistic regression used: multivariate, univariate, and descriptive statistics. At 95% CI, a p‐value of less than 0.05 was deemed statistically significant.ResultsWe had 601 respondents. The majority of the respondents were in the age range of 16–17 years (51.3%). More than one‐fourth of participants started sexual activity, (29.5%) and only (22.1%) participants had information about the HPV vaccine. The majority (83%) of participants had poor knowledge about the HPV vaccine. More than half of the participants (57.4%) had no information about CC and only (26.8%) study participants had information about CC. Only (14.5%) of participants knew the cause of CC was HPV. Below one‐fourth of (23.4%) participants knew the HPV vaccine used to prevent HPV infection. More than half (54.2%) of the participants had a negative attitude towards the HPV vaccine. Participants who were not informed about the HPV vaccine before the current study were approximately 65% less likely to be aware of the HPV vaccine compared to those who had prior knowledge of it (AOR = 0.65; 95%CI = 0.42,0.92; p = 0.003).ConclusionsAdolescent girls had negative attitudes and poor knowledge of the HPV vaccine. Adolescent girls should be educated about CC and HPV infection to improve their knowledge and attitude about the HPV vaccine using health professionals and mass media.