bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of lanreotide on the healing of small bowel anastomoses following obstructive ileus in rats
Authors: Demetriades H. , Kanellos I. , Mantzoros I. , Kalfadis S. , Galovatsea K. , Zaraboukas T. , Betsis D. 
Published: March 2003

PurposeLanreotide, a long‐acting somatostatin analogue, inhibits intestinal, bile and pancreatic secretions and decreases intestinal motility. The purpose of this experimental study was to evaluate the effects of lanreotide on the healing of intestinal anastomoses following small bowel obstruction.MethodsTwo groups of 16 Wistar rats (average weight 310 g) were used. Basal diameters of ileus were measured prior to the ligation of the bowel, 15 cm from the ileocecal valve. Luminal fluid was also withdrawn proximal to the obstructed bowel for sodium and potassium analysis. Lanreotide was administered intramuscularly in a single dose (5.4 mg/kg) in the first group, while the same volume of saline was used in the control group. 48 h later rats were re‐operated upon. Diameters of the obstructed segments were measured, and luminal fluid of the obstructed bowel was withdrawn and sodium and potassium levels were measured. A segment of 1 cm of the obstructed bowel was resected and end‐to‐end intestinal anastomosis was performed. Rats were sacrificed on day 7 following the second operation. Anastomoses were examined macroscopically and resected including a 2.5 cm of small bowel on either side. Bursting pressures were measured and the specimens were send for histological examination.ResultsThe diameter of obstructed bowel increased significantly in both groups. The increase was more prominent in the control group (P < 0.001). Total luminal electrolyte contents for sodium and potassium were stastistically higher in the control group compared to the lanreotide group (P < 0.001). Adhesion formation was more extensive in the control group. Bursting pressures were significantly higher in the lanreotide group compared to the control group (P=0.003). Histological examination of anastomoses showed a more profound inflammatory reaction in the control group compared to the lanreotide group while microscopical healing of the anastomoses was almost the same in both groups.ConclusionsLanreotide administration in rats with small bowel obstruction decreases significantly distension and electrolyte losses and seems to improve strength of small bowel anastomoses.
Total anorectal reconstruction with an artificial bowel sphincter: Report of five cases with a minimum follow‐up of 6 months
Authors: Romano G. , La Torre F. , Cutini G. , Bianco F. , Esposito P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground The artificial bowel sphincter (Acticon ABS – American Medical Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) has been proposed as a treatment for patients with faecal incontinence. The good results achieved with this procedure encouraged us to utilize this device for reconstruction of patients who previously underwent an abdominoperineal resection (APR).Method Between 1999 and 2000 we implanted the ABS in five patients undergoing an APR. One patient was male and four female, the mean age was 51.3 years. Three patients had been operated on for rectal cancer, one for rectal agenesia and one for a giant benign tumour of the pelvis.Results The length of follow up ranged from 6 to 22 months. Manometry assessed a basal pressure with the ABS cuff inflated between 58 and 62.2 mmHg. All but one achieved a good grade of continence with a Wexner score range between 3 and 9. A certain degree of impaired evacuation occurred in two patients but, with adequate training, this improved and did not affect patient satisfaction.Conclusion The ABS is a good option for reconstruction of patients previously treated with an APR. As compared to electrostimulated graciloplasty the ABS technique seems to be easier to perform and more acceptable for the patients, although the cost of the device is still high.
A 5‐cm colonic J pouch colo‐anal reconstruction following anterior resection for low rectal cancer results in acceptable evacuation and continence in the long term
Authors: Amin A. I. , Hallböök O. , Lee A. J. , Sexton R. , Moran B. J. , Heald R. J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground  Optimal treatment for low rectal cancer is total mesorectal excision, with most patients suitable for low colo‐rectal or colo‐anal anastomosis. A colon pouch has early functional benefits, although long‐term function, especially evacuation, might mitigate against its routine use. The aim of this study was to assess evacuation and continence in patients with a colon pouch, and to examine the impact of possible risk factors.Methods  In 1998, all 102 surviving patients with a colon pouch, whose stoma had been closed for more than one year, were sent a postal questionnaire. A composite incontinence score was calculated from questions on urgency, use of a pad, incontinence of gas, liquid or faeces; and a composite evacuation score from questions on medication taken to evacuate, straining, the need and number of times returned to evacuate.Results  The response rate was 90% (50 M, 42 F), with a median age of 68 years (IQR 60–78) and median follow‐up of 2.6 years (IQR 1.7–3.9). The anastomosis was 3 cm or less from the anus in 45/92 (49%), and incontinence scores were worse in this group (P = 0.001). There were significantly higher incontinence scores in females (P = 0.014). Age, preoperative radiotherapy, part of colon used for anastomosis, postoperative leak and length of follow‐up had no demonstrable effect on either score.Conclusion  Gender and anastomotic height were the only variables which influenced incontinence. Ninety percent of patients reported that their bowel function did not affect their overall wellbeing, and none would have preferred to have a stoma.
Impact of insulin lispro on HbA1c values in insulin pump users
Authors: Garg S. K. , Anderson J. H. , Gerard L. A. , Mackenzie T. A. , Gottlieb P. A. , Jennings M. K. , Chase H. P. 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARY Aim  To compare the therapeutic efficacy of the short‐acting insulin analogue insulin lispro (Humalog®) with that of buffered regular human insulin (Velosulin®) in patients on insulin pump therapy.Patients and Methods  Sixty‐two (45 women and 17 men) young patients with type 1 diabetes using insulin pump therapy were compared while using buffered regular human insulin for a mean ± s.e.m. of 20.1 ± 1.2 months or insulin lispro for a mean ± s.e.m. of 19.7 ± 0.5 months.The initial mean ± s.e.m. age and duration of diabetes were 29.1 ± 0.9 and 17.7 ± 0.9 years, respectively. The mean HbA1c values, basal insulin dosages, premeal insulin dosages and number of low blood sugars were recorded during treatment with both insulins.Results  Mean ± s.e.m. HbA1c values were significantly lower (p < 0.001; paired Wilcoxon t‐test) during insulin lispro treatment (7.4 ± 0.1%) as compared to treatment with buffered regular human insulin (7.9 ± 0.1%). Total units of insulin (mean ± s.e.m.)/kg/day was significantly (p = 0.03) lower (0.61 ± 0.02) during the insulin lispro treatment period as compared to the buffered regular human insulin treated period (0.65 ± 0.03). Total mean ± s.e.m. (U/kg/day) of basal insulin administered per day was higher when patients received insulin lispro treatment (0.44 ± 0.02 vs. 0.42 ± 0.01 for buffered regular human insulin treated period; p = 0.002). The pre‐meal insulin boluses (mean ± s.e.m.) for the two treatment groups were significantly different with less insulin required for the insulin lispro treatment period for all three meals (p < 0.001, t‐test). The number of mild/moderate and severe hypoglycaemic episodes were similar in the two groups.Conclusion  We conclude that use of insulin lispro in pump therapy significantly lowers HbA1c values in comparison to therapy with buffered regular human insulin insulin without increasing hypoglycaemic episodes.
Physiological responses during hypoglycaemia induced by regular human insulin or a novel human analogue, insulin glargine
Authors: Dagogo‐Jack S. , Askari H. , Morrill B. , Lehner L. L. , Kim B. , Sha X. 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARY Aim  Glargine, a product of recombinant technology, has different structural and physico‐chemical properties compared with native human insulin. We determined whether such differences are associated with alterations in the responses to hypoglycaemia induced by glargine.Methods  Nineteen adults (six healthy and 13 with type 1 diabetes) underwent a 5‐h hyperinsulinaemic (2 mU/kg/min−1) stepped hypoglycaemic clamps (hourly targets of 4.7, 4.2, 3.6, 3.1 and 2.5 mmol/l, respectively) on two occasions using intravenous infusion of regular human insulin or glargine, in random sequence. Hypoglycaemic symptoms, counter‐regulatory hormones and glucose disposal rates were assessed at intervals throughout the clamps. A 1‐week ‘wash out’ period was observed between studies.Results  The peak total symptoms scores (mean ± s.e.m.) at nadir blood glucose (2.5 mmol/l) were 18.83 ± 2.68 (healthy) and 17.46 ± 3.62 (diabetic) during regular insulin, and 18.50 ± 3.20 (healthy) and 19.08 ± 3.83 (diabetic) during glargine infusion. The peak epinephrine levels during hypoglycaemia were 767.8 ± 140.4 pg/ml (regular insulin) and 608.8 ± 129.9 pg/ml (glargine) among healthy subjects, and 332.5 ± 54.8 pg/ml (regular insulin) and 321.8 ± 67.4 pg/ml (glargine) in diabetic patients. Diabetic patients had blunted glucagon responses during hypoglycaemia with either insulin. Both insulins also elicited similar rates of glucose disposal.Conclusions  We conclude that insulin glargine and regular human insulin elicit comparable symptomatic and counter‐regulatory hormonal responses during hypoglycaemia in healthy or diabetic subjects, and induce similar rates of glucose disposal. Since glargine is designed for subcutaneous (s.c.) use, it is possible (though unlikely) that our findings obtained using an intravenous protocol could differ from responses to hypoglycaemia induced by the s.c. route.
Differential effects of short and long duration insulinotropic agents on meal‐related glucose excursions
Authors: De Souza C. J. , Russo P. , Lozito R. , Dunning B. E. 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARY Aim  Abnormal β‐cell function, characterized as the inability of the β‐cell to mount a rapid secretory response to glucose, is a well‐established pathology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. These studies were designed to demonstrate the importance of early insulin release on the control of meal‐induced glucose excursions by capitalizing on the significant pharmacodynamic differences between several oral insulin secreting agents.Methods  Male Sprague Dawley fitted with indwelling jugular cannulas were used to compare the pharmacodynamic profiles of nateglinide (Nateg), glipizide (Glip) and repaglinide (Repag) through frequent blood samples following the administration of these compounds via oral gavage. In similar animals which were pretrained to consume their daily food intake in two discrete 45‐min meals, the effects of compound induced changes in pre‐meal, meal and post‐meal insulin profiles on glycaemic control were assessed through frequent blood sampling following the administration of these compounds 10 min prior to a 30‐min meal.Results  There were significant pharmacodynamics differences between the three oral agents tested and the time to elicit peak insulin secretory responses increased from Nateg (4 min) to Repag (10 min) to Glip (45 min). During the meal tolerance test, glibenclamide did not increase pre‐meal insulin levels and glucose excursions paralleled those in the control. Conversely, the other three agents, at doses that produced hypoglycaemic responses of similar magnitude, all increased early insulin release (ΔAUC(‐15 to 3 min) = 0.5 ± 0.01, 1.6 ± 0.4, 3.6 ± 0.0, 1.2 ± 0.1 and 1.73 ± 0.4 nmol/min, for control, Nateg at 60 and 120 mg/kg, Glip and Repag, respectively) and curbed glucose excursions during the meal at varying rates and degrees (ΔAUC(0−30 min) = 39 ± 6, 8 ± 7, 5 ± 7, − 1 ± 8 and − 3 ± 8 mmol/min for control, Nateg at 60 and 120 mg/kg, Glip and Repag, respectively). However, unlike Nateg, the longer duration of action of Repag and Glip elicited sustained post‐meal relative hypoglycaemia.Conclusion  These data support the impact of early and rapid insulin release in the control of prandial and post‐meal glycaemia and demonstrate that a short anticipatory burst of insulin, restricted to the beginning of a meal, provides a clear metabolic advantage and prevents post‐meal hypoglycaemic episodes when compared to a greater but reactive insulin exposure that follows a meal‐induced increase in glucose excursion.
Influence of a combination of herbs on appetite suppression and weight loss in rats
Authors: Talpur N. A. , Echard B. W. , Manohar V. , Preuss H. G. 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARY Aim  We evaluated the ability of a Chinese herbal formulation previously associated with weight loss to influence appetite and weight loss in a carefully controlled laboratory study performed on rats. As a secondary gain, results with this herbal formulation were compared with those from a commonly available phenylpropanolamine (PPA) compound.Design  Eight rats were placed in each arm of a three‐arm study, a total of 24 rats. All rats were gavaged with a 2‐ml fluid volume containing no addition (control) or the two test substances (combined herbs or PPA) for the first 4 days of the week over 6 consecutive weeks; no gavages were given over weekends. Rats in the two‐test groups were given a relatively low dose of the test substance for 3 weeks, followed by a higher dose over the next 3‐week periods. Food and water intake were measured for 24‐h periods over the ensuing week days. The average daily values for food and water intake for an individual rat were calculated on the basis of collected data over each 3‐week period. The mean values for each rat obtained over the low‐ and high‐dose periods comprised results from averaging at least 10 measurements.Results  Average daily food intake was decreased only with the herbal formulation, not the PPA compound at the low and high doses. Both the PPA compound and the herbal formulation lowered water intake significantly at the low and high doses. Rats ingesting the herbal formulation at the lower dose had statistically significant lower daily body weight changes over the 3 weeks than those ingesting the PPA compound. At the higher dose, body weight changes for both agents were significantly less than the control, but not significantly different from each other. No evidence of toxicity was seen in the blood chemistries or after histopathological examination.Conclusions  Data collected on rats suggest that the herbal formulation examined might be a useful and safe combination to overcome the overweight state and obesity.
Clustering of cardiovascular risk factors with diabetes in Chinese patients: the effects of sex and hyperinsulinaemia
Authors: Xu Z. ‐R. , Molyneaux L. , Wang Y. ‐Z. , Jing H. , Liu Y. , McGill M. , Huang L. , Yue D. 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARY Objective  This study was designed to investigate factors which affect the clustering of cardiovascular risk factors with diabetes in Chinese patients.Research Design and Methods: Six hundred and fifty‐four patients with diabetes were assessed comprehensively for diabetes complications and cardiovascular risk factors in a metropolitan hospital in Beijing, China. Insulin resistance and secretion were also evaluated by measurement of glucose and insulin levels before and after a meal tolerance test. Results were analysed according to patient groups stratified by the number of cardiovascular risk factors coexisting with diabetes.Results  Cardiovascular risk factors were common in Chinese diabetic patients. The clustering of three or more of these factors with diabetes occurred more often than by chance alone and was associated with postprandial hyperinsulinaemia. Patients with a high number of risk factors were more prone to macrovascular events but did not have higher albuminuria. Using the commonly adopted lower threshold for diagnosing obesity and central obesity in women, there were more women with multiple risk factors. However, this disappeared if the same criteria were used for men and women. Even in the presence of diabetes, cardiovascular risk factors were inadequately controlled in most patients.Conclusions  The concurrence of diabetes and other cardiovascular risk factors which constitute the metabolic syndrome is a common phenomenon in urban Chinese diabetic patients. It is associated with hyperinsulinaemia and possibly the female sex. This study emphasises the importance of public health measures to control cardiovascular risk factors in patients with diabetes.
Effects of nerve growth factor on expression of GAP‐43 in right atria after sympathectomy in diabetic rats
Authors: Vo P. A. , Tomlinson D. R. 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARY Aim  The present study investigated the role of nerve growth factor (NGF) in the regeneration of noradrenergic nerves of right atria (following 6‐hydroxydopamine; 6‐OHDA, 100 mg/kg, i.p.) from non‐diabetic and 8‐week diabetic rats.Results  In cryostat sections of the right atria, GAP‐43 immunoreactivity was concentrated in nerve terminals, preterminal axons of the endocardium, epicardium and myocardium, as well as in nerve fibres innervating the blood vessels and ganglionic cells. In serial sections, all positive staining for GAP‐43 showed immunoreactivity for the neuronal marker PGP‐9.5. In untreated non‐diabetic rats, the total GAP‐43 immunoreactivity was reduced to 60% relative to pretreatment levels, at day 14 after 6‐OHDA, as quantified by Western blotting. In diabetic rats, 6‐OHDA treatment produced a marked increase in the levels of total GAP‐43 at days 28 and 49. NGF treatment (1 mg/kg, s.c., 3 times/week, for 2 weeks) had no effect on the level of total GAP‐43 in right atria from non‐diabetic and diabetic rats before treatment with 6‐OHDA. However, it normalized the reduced GAP‐43 immunoreactivity observed in 6‐OHDA‐treated non‐diabetic rats. Interestingly, NGF treatment alone produced an increase in GAP‐43 phosphorylation relative to total GAP‐43 in right atria from both non‐diabetic (44%) and diabetic groups (42%).Conclusions  These findings suggest that nerve terminals of the right atria retain, in the mature adult, the capacity for structural and functional plasticity. The expression of GAP‐43 in right atria of control and diabetic rats was differentially affected by 6‐OHDA treatment. In injured noradrenergic neurones of the right atria, NGF modified the expression of GAP‐43 only in non‐diabetic rats and not in diabetic rats.
Substitution of Dmo1 with normal alleles results in decreased manifestation of diabetes in OLETF rats
Authors: Okuno S. , Kondo M. , Yamasaki Y. , Miyao H. , Ono T. , Iwanaga T. , Omori K. , Okano M. , Suzuki M. , Momota H. , Hishigaki H. , Hayashi I. , Goto Y. , Shinomiya H. , Harada Y. , Hirashima T. , Kanemoto N. , Asai T. , Wakitani S. , Takagi T. , Nakamura Y. , Tanigami A. , Watanabe T. K. 
Published: March 2003

Aim: Dmo1 (Diabetes Mellitus OLETF type I) is a major quantitative trait locus for dyslipidaemia, obesity and diabetes phenotypes in the Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rat strain. To evaluate possible metabolic and pathological improvements generated by correction of the Dmo1 genetic pathway, we produced congenic lines, in which both OLETF Dmo1 alleles are replaced by the F344‐derived genome.Methods: Congenic animals were produced by introgressing F344‐derived Dmo1 alleles into the OLETF rat. Congenic animals of the fourth generation (BC4) were intercrossed to obtain F1 animals (BC4:F1). Animals of the next generation, BC4:F2, were used for this study. We used 23 BC4:F2 males harbouring homozygous replacement of the OLETF Dmo1 region with the F344‐derived genome. Seven animals with OLETF‐derived Dmo1 alleles were used as controls.Results: Dmo1‐F344/F344 congenic rats showed significant decreases in body weight, abdominal fat weight, serum triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, food consumption and blood glucose after glucose loading (13%, 39%, 45%, 27%, 18% and 27% respectively; p < 0.05) compared with Dmo1‐OLETF/OLETF animals. Furthermore, histopathological analysis of the kidney showed that mesangial sclerosis, hyalin deposits and deposition of PAS‐positive substance were significantly lower in Dmo1‐F344/F344 animals (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Improvements in metabolic parameters and histopathological scores show that correction of the Dmo1 genetic pathway in the diabetic and mildly obese OLETF rat strain produces wide‐ranging therapeutic effects. Thus, this pathway might represent a new drug target also applicable to humans.
TRP64ARG polymorphism of the β3‐adrenergic receptor gene and obesity risk: effect modification by a sedentary lifestyle
Authors: Marti A. , Corbalán M. S. , Martínez‐Gonzalez M. A. , Martinez J. A. 
Published: March 2003

Aim: We performed a case–control study to assess the association between obesity risk and the Trp64Arg polymorphism of the β3‐adrenergic receptor gene.Methods: Obese subjects [n = 159; body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2] and controls (n = 154; BMI < 25 kg/m2) were compared using multivariable logistic regression to control for potential confounders.Results: A higher obesity risk (adjusted OR: 2.98; 95% CI: 1.00–8.56; p = 0.05) was associated with the Trp64Arg polymorphism among sedentary, but not among more active people.Conclusions: Our results suggest that the TRP64ARG polymorphism of the ADRB3 seems to be a risk factor for obesity that is dependent on a sedentary lifestyle.
Effect of cogent db, a herbal drug, on plasma insulin and hepatic enzymes of glucose metabolism in experimental diabetes
Authors: Saravanan G. , Pari L. , Venkateswaran S. 
Published: March 2003

Aims: The present study was designed to investigate the effect of cogent db, a polyherbal drug on blood glucose, plasma insulin and the activities of hepatic glucose metabolic enzymes in alloxan‐induced diabetic rats.Methods: Male Wistar rats body weight of 180–200 g (six normal and 18 diabetic rats) were used in this study. The rats were divided into four groups after the induction of alloxan diabetes. In the experiment, six rats were used in each group: Group 1, normal rats given 2 ml of saline; Group 2, diabetic control rats given 2 ml of saline; Group 3, diabetic rats given aqueous solution of cogent db (0.45 g/body kg weight); and Group 4, diabetic rats given aqueous solution of glibenclamide (600 µg/kg body weight). The treatment was given for 40 days. After the treatment, fasting blood glucose, plasma insulin, urine sugar and the activities of hepatic glucose metabolic enzymes were determined in normal and experimental animals.Results: Treatment with cogent db resulted in a significant reduction in blood glucose and the activities of glucose‐6‐phosphatase and fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphatase in the liver, whereas the level of plasma insulin and hepatic hexokinase activity were significantly increased in alloxan‐diabetic rats.Conclusions: The present investigation suggests that cogent db controls the blood glucose level by increasing glycolysis and decreasing gluconeogenesis with a lower demand of pancreatic insulin than in untreated rats. This is possible because it regulates the activities of hepatic glucose metabolic enzymes.