bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Claims in the clinic: A qualitative group interview study on healthcare communication about unestablished side effects of the copper IUD
Authors: Wemrell Maria , Gunnarsson Lena 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundLay online communication about health-related issues has in recent years largely been associated with the spread of misinformation and decreased trust in healthcare. Such communication has included claims about systemic side effects of the copper IUD. In Sweden, a social media group centered on this issue now gathers around 8,700 members. This study aimed to use the case of reported yet unestablished side effects of the copper IUD to investigate experiences of and reasoning about healthcare encounters between caregivers and patients contesting established medical knowledge.MethodsWe conducted qualitative, semi-structured, digital group interviews with members of the social media group (seven groups, n = 23) and with midwives and gynecologists (six groups, n = 15). We also gathered essays written by social media group members (n = 23). The material was analyzed thematically.ResultsThe participant accounts pointed towards tensions related to principles of evidence-based medicine, i.e., perceived insufficiency of research on the safety of the copper IUD and lack of clarity in routines for reporting and following up suspected side effects, and of patient-centered care, i.e., listening respectfully to patients. Tension between caregivers’ obligation to adhere to evidence-based medicine while also providing patient-centered care was noted.ConclusionHealthcare providers’ efforts to assess and address patient claims contesting established medical knowledge should include ensuring and communicating sufficient research, clarifying procedures for reporting suspected side effects, and improving person-centered care. This can increase the quality of care while contributing to the mitigation of distrust in healthcare and the spreading of health-related misinformation.
Role of marriage, motherhood, son preference on adolescent girls’ and young women’s empowerment: Evidence from a panel study in India
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Lakshmi , Bertozzi Stefano , Rabe-Hesketh Sophia 
Published: September 2023

Background
Marriage is a key determinant of health and well-being of adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in India. It is a key life event in which girls move to their marital households, often co-residing with their in-laws and begin childbearing. The change in the normative environment in conjunction with cultural norms surrounding son preference influences women’s overall life course. However, there is scant research about the association between these life transitions and changes in empowerment among AGYW in India.

Methods
Using two waves of data from prospective cohort panel dataset that followed unmarried (6,065 observations in each wave) and married AGYW (3,941 observations from each wave) over a three-year period from Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, we examined how marriage, childbearing, and having a son is associated with changes in AGYW’s empowerment, especially considering whether AGYW marry into patrilocal households (household with in-laws) as an effect modifier. Empowerment indicators included freedom of movement or mobility, decision-making power, access to economic using Kabeer’s framework as our theoretical approach.

Results
Marriage was associated with lower freedom of movement with a pronounced effect on those who co-resided with their in-laws. Marriage was associated with greater decision-making power for AGYW who did not co-reside with the in-laws. Motherhood was positively correlated with greater freedom of movement, marginally higher intrahousehold decision-making power, and better access to economic resources. No statistically significant evidence that having at least one son compared to having daughters only (or no daughters) conferred additional changes in girls’ freedom of movement, intrahousehold decision-making power, and access to economic resources.

Conclusion
Findings highlight the importance of understanding the vulnerabilities of being newly married in adolescence and emphasize the need for having interventions that target newly married AGYW along with mothers-in-law to empower them.
Trends and influence factors in the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among US adults from 1999 to 2018
Authors: Fan Zhixing , Yang Chaojun , Zhang Jing , Huang Yifan , Yang Ying , Zeng Ping , Cai Wanyin , Xiang Zujin , Wu Jingyi , Yang Jian 
Published: September 2023

Objective
We aimed to describe the trends and influence factors in the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among US Adults from 1999 to 2018.

Methods
We utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning ten survey cycles (n = 53,496). Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension were calculated using survey weights. Joinpoint regression and survey-weighted generalized linear models were used to analyze trends and influence factors, respectively.

Results
The estimated prevalence of hypertension increased significantly from 33.53% to 40.58% (AAPC = 0.896, P = 0.002) during 1999–2018 with dropping rate of newly diagnosed hypertension from 8.62% to 4.82% before 2014 (APC = -4.075, P = 0.001), and then rose to 7.51% in 2018 (APC = 12.302, P = 0.126). Despite modest improvements or stability in the awareness, treatment, and control since 1999, the latter two remained inadequate in 2018 at 59.52% and 51.71%. There was an uptrend in the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (from 24.02% to 45.71%) and angiotensin receptor blockers (from 20.22% to 38.38%), and downtrend in β-blocker (from 12.71% to 4.21%). Men were at higher risk of incidence, un-awareness, un-treatment, and un-control for hypertension. Lower income and education were associated with susceptibility to hypertension, while being married was favorable for treatment and control. Optimal health reduced the incidence of hypertension, and increased the awareness and treatment.

Conclusion
Although the rate of newly diagnosed hypertension has declined slightly since 2010 in the US, the prevalence of hypertension is increasing, and treatment and control rates remain inadequate. To manage hypertension effectively, we need to focus on screening and prevention for high-risk populations, while advocating for optimal health to improve the burden of hypertension.
The impact of wearing facemask on COPD patients: A protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Xuwen , Sani Ibrahim , Xia Xiaoli , Li Yi , Li Caiyun , Yue Feiyan , Wang Xinhua , Bao Shisan , Fan Jingchun 
Published: September 2023

Introduction
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common, irreversible but preventable disease characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms. The mortality rate of COPD is predicted to reach 5.4 million by the year 2060. Despite its heavy burden on healthcare expenditure worldwide, only 15% of cases are medically identified. The potential benefits of facemask-wearing for COPD patients remain a topic of debate.

Methods
We will conduct a systematic review of all randomized trials and non-randomized controlled trials to evaluate the impact of facemasks on COPD patients. Our review will be based on literature obtained through a comprehensive search strategy across multiple electronic databases, including the Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, the Chinese Biomedical Database (SinoMed), and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), with no restrictions on language or date of publication. Two independent researchers will extract and assess all relevant data using pre-designed data extraction forms. The included studies will be assessed using the Cochrane RoB2 tool and the suggested risk of bias criteria proposed by the Effective Practice and Organization of Care reviews group of the Cochrane collaboration. The quality of evidence will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. We will use Review Manager 5.4 software for statistical analysis.

Discussion
In the context of COVID-19, it is important for COPD patients to wear facemasks. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive and systematic assessment of the impact of facemasks on the physiology and activity of COPD patients.

Trial registration
PROSPERO registration number CRD42022326265.
A Randomized Controlled Study on Clinical Adherence to Evidence-Based Guidelines in the Management of Simulated Patients With Barrett's Esophagus and the Clinical Utility of a Tissue Systems Pathology Test: Results From Q-TAB
Authors: Peabody John W. , Cruz Jamielyn D.C. , Ganesan Divya , Paculdo David , Critchley-Thorne Rebecca J. , Wani Sachin , Shaheen Nicholas J. 
Published: September 2023

INTRODUCTION:
Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma. Physicians infrequently adhere to guidelines for managing BE, leading to either reduced detection of dysplasia or inappropriate re-evaluation.

METHODS:
We conducted a three-arm randomized controlled trial with 2 intervention arms to determine the impact of a tissue systems pathology (TSP-9) test on the adherence to evidence-based guidelines for simulated patients with BE. Intervention 1 received TSP-9 results, and intervention 2 had the option to order TSP-9 results. We collected data from 259 practicing gastroenterologists and gastrointestinal surgeons who evaluated and made management decisions for 3 types of simulated patients with BE: nondysplastic BE, indefinite for dysplasia, and low-grade dysplasia.

RESULTS:
Intervention 1 was significantly more likely to correctly assess risk of progression to high-grade dysplasia/esophageal adenocarcinoma and offer treatment in accordance with US society guidelines compared with the control group (+6.9%, 95% confidence interval +1.4% to +12.3%). There was no significant difference in ordering guideline-recommended endoscopic eradication therapy. However, for cases requiring annual endoscopic surveillance, we found significant improvement in adherence for intervention 1, with a difference-in-difference of +18.5% (P = 0.019). Intervention 2 ordered the TSP-9 test in 21.9% of their cases. Those who ordered the test performed similarly to intervention 1; those who did not, performed similarly to the control group.

DISCUSSION:
The TSP-9 test optimized adherence to clinical guidelines for surveillance and treatment of both patients with BE at high and low risk of disease progression. Use of the TSP-9 test can enable physicians to make risk-aligned management decisions, leading to improved patient health outcomes.
Normalization of Gender Bias Regulations in Pondok Pesantren
Authors: Nuruddin Akbar Isnaini 
Published: September 2023

Pesantren that has respective objective to produce pious person, in some aspect perpetuates differenrdiscriminativees for female studetns. This study shows mainstream gender constructionin Islamic boarding school regulations forms of gender discrimination and their implications. The object of study includes three pesantren in the Singosari, East Java, Indonesia. The regulations of the pesantren follows scholars’ ideology as written in the classical book (kitab kuning), which portrays men as family leader and the ideal position of women as male companions. The teaching of kitab kuning in the pesantren regulations has led female students to experience discrimination in carrying out their daily lives in the pesantren environment . Female students are not allowed to go outside the building at night, they are only allowed to go out during the day and even then it is limited to certain schools and streets. From the results of interviews, this study found that these rules had a great influence on their lives.
Keywords: Normalization, gender, regulation, pesantren
On the Novel Chinese Modifier-Head Construction
Shejian Shang de X
: An Analysis of Meaning Construction
Authors: Zhou Siruo , Xiong Dan , Zhou Tongquan , Pang Ping 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Since the documentary A Bite of China (i. e. Shejian shang de Zhongguo ( 《舌尖上的中国》), where shejian shang literally means “on the tip of the tongue”), was broadcast in May 2012, a great number of expressions like shejian shang de Russia/world/Olympics/safety have begun to gradually converge into a novel modifier-head construction Shejian Shang de X, illustrating a typical evolution of modern Chinese.This study aims to analyze the construction’s meaning from the perspective of cognitive linguistics. Our investigation and analysis indicate that (1) Shejian Shang de X differs from the classic Chinese construction PP de X in both semantics and syntax; (2) as a modifier-head construction, Shejian Shang de X shows its variations in the head X’s multiple category options (noun, verb and adjective), therefore extending the scope of nominalization in Chinese and simultaneously triggering the construction’s diversified meanings; (3) the construction’s non-compositionality results mainly from its modifier components shejian and shang and is in general construed metonymically and metaphorically; (4) as a whole, the construction is a double-scope network consisting of two different organizing frames: the frame of shejian (“tip of the tongue”), a body part term and the frame of X, a dynamically changing entity (physical or abstract). The surface semantic incompatibility between the modifier and the head can be solved only by virtue of conceptual blending, producing the novel meaning [X relevant to the function of the tip of the tongue] of the whole construction.
Estimating the Returns to Education Using a Machine Learning Approach – Evidence for Different Regions
Authors: Kamdjou Herve D. Teguim 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This article revisits the Mincer earnings function and presents comparable estimates of the average monetary returns associated with an additional year of education across different regions worldwide. In contrast to the traditional Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method commonly employed in the literature, this study applied a cutting-edge approach known as Support Vector Regression (SVR), which belongs to the family of machine learning (ML) algorithms. SVR is specifically chosen to address the bias arising from underfitting inherent in OLS. The analysis focuses on recent data spanning from 2010 to 2018, ensuring temporal homogeneity across the examined regions. The findings reveal that each additional year of education, on average, yields a private rate of returns of 10.4%. Notably, Sub-Saharan Africa exhibits the highest returns to education at 17.8%, while Europe demonstrates the lowest returns at 7.2%. Moreover, higher education is associated with the highest returns across the regions, with a rate of 12%, whereas primary education yields returns of 10%. Interestingly, women generally experience higher returns than men, with rates of 10.6 and 10.1%, respectively. Over time, the returns to education exhibit a modest decline, decreasing at a rate of approximately 0.1% per year, while the average duration of education demonstrates an increase of 0.16 years per year (1% per year). The application of the state-of-the-art ML technique, SVR, not only improves the accuracy of estimates but also enhances predictive performance measures such as the coefficient of determination (R
2) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) when compared to the OLS method. The implications drawn from these findings emphasize the need for expanding university education, as well as investments in primary education, along with significant attention toward promoting girls’ education. These findings hold considerable importance for policymakers who are tasked with making informed decisions regarding education expenditure and the implementation of education financing programs.
The origin and evolution of the ore-forming fluids at the Manondo-Choma gold prospect, Kirk range, southern Malawi
Authors: Chisambi Joshua , von der Heyden Bjorn 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study provides an in-depth analysis of fluid inclusions (FIs) and stable isotopes from the Manondo-Choma gold prospect in southern Malawi to understand the ore-forming mechanisms, genesis, and evolution of the hydrothermal fluids responsible for gold mineralization at the Manondo-Choma gold prospect. FIs and microthermometry studies were carried out on mineralized quartz veins from the area. The Manondo-Choma gold prospect is located in the southern Malawi within the Kirk range. Gold is mostly found in quartz veins within metamorphic rocks, such as gneiss and schists, and is structurally controlled by the NE–SW ductile shear zones. Gold mineralization is linked to quartz sulfide veins. Mineralization occurs in the following three stages: early, middle, and late, of which the middle stage is more plorific. The following three FI types were recognized in the quartz veins: pure carbonic, aqueous carbonic (CO2–H2O) and aqueous (H2O–NaCl) inclusions. Gold and associated mineralization were likely precipitated due to the lowering of pressure and fluid immiscibility. Oxygen isotope data indicate that the source of ore-forming fluids at the Manondo-Choma gold prospect was largely metamorphic in origin with minor magmatic input.
From humor to political dispositions: effect of disparagement humor on perceptions of political identity
Authors: Rice Willam E. , Ford Thomas E. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
An experiment (n = 202; 136 women; 66 men) demonstrated that people use implicit theories about liberals and conservatives to guide their impression of another person based on their humor, specifically, the degree to which their humor violates the individualizing and binding moral foundations described by Moral Foundations Theory (e.g., Graham, Haidt and Nosek 2009. Liberals and conservatives rely on different sets of moral foundations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 96(5). 1029–1046). Supporting Hypothesis 1, participants perceived a target person as more conservative when he posted to social media an immigrant-disparaging meme. They perceived him as more liberal when he posted a religion-disparaging meme. Supporting Hypotheses 2, liberals liked the target person more and conservatives less when he posted the religion-disparaging meme. Similarly, in keeping with Hypothesis 3, liberals liked the target person less and conservatives more after he posted the immigrant-disparaging meme.
Leaching behavior of germanium presented in different phases from zinc oxide dust under atmospheric acid leaching conditions
Authors: Chen Chunlin , Zhen Yong , Li Chunlin , Wei Chang , Li Minting , Deng Zhigan , Li Xingbin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Recovering germanium from zinc oxide dust (ZOD) produced from Pb–Zn smelter is an important pathway to extract germanium. However, the leaching efficiency of industrial germanium production is not satisfactory (usually less than 75 %). Therefore, the leaching behavior of Ge in different phases was discovered in this work. Ge in the ZOD mainly occurs in oxide, sulfide, silicate, and solid insoluble. The potential decides the oxidative dissolution of sulfide. The leaching recovery of zinc and germanium were 90 % and 80 % with oxidant, and 78 % and 80 % without oxidant, respectively. The effect sequence of oxidant type on the Zn leaching efficiency was MnO2 > H2O2 ≈ oxygen > air, but the type and addition of oxidant had no obvious effect on the leaching recovery of germanium. The final pH of leaching slurry limits the dissolution of oxide and hydrolysis-polymerization of impurity ions (such as Fe(III) and Si). Decreasing the final pH is beneficial to the leaching reaction of Zn and Ge. The germanium presented in oxide and sulfide is easy to leach, while the leaching of germanium existed in silicate and solid insoluble is relatively difficult. The structure of aluminate can be destroyed effectively using a 40 g/L HF solution. When the leaching percent of SiO2 is 86.82 %, the leaching recovery of Ge is 96.57 %. For the ZOD with higher content of Fe and Si, germanium leaching is negatively correlated with the content of Fe and Si in the ZOD. The results provide a scientific basis for improving the leaching recovery of germanium.
La expresión de eventos de movimiento causativos mediante verbos de contacto por impacto en alemán y sus correspondencias en español
Authors: Larreta Zulategui Juan Pablo 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The subject of this article is the expression of causative movement events in German and Spanish. It is hypothesized that, being respectively a satellite frame language and a verbal frame language, it is likely that both differ in the syntactic order with which the semantic material of the aforementioned events is expressed, a question already studied for this pair of languages in the intransitive movement events. It is especially interesting to analyse this possible interlingual difference in statements with types of verbs that cannot necessarily be expected to develop the triargumental scheme of these causative events (agent subject, affected object and dynamic locative complement) due to their basic argument structure. This contribution specifically studies the possible development of these triargumental structures by the so-called verbs of contact by impact. To do this, a one-way contrastive analysis is carried out, from German to Spanish, of a corpus of pairs of statements extracted from the PaGeS corpus. The results certify the existence of the phenomenon in both languages, but also point to important interlingual differences in their productivity.
The Role of Distal Mean Nocturnal Baseline Impedance in Differentiating GERD Phenotypes
Authors: Sararu Roxana , Peagu Razvan , Fierbinteanu-Braticevici Carmen 
Published: September 2023

Background and Aims: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most frequent digestive pathologies. The current diagnosis of GERD either by trial of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), endoscopy or by multichannel impedance pH study (MII/pH) has limitations. Our study aims to show if mean nocturnal baseline impedance (MNBI) can differentiate between the GERD phenotypes.
Methods: We recruited 62 patients who underwent upper digestive endoscopy and MII/pH, with some patients undergoing esophageal manometry to exclude motility disorders. Patients were separated into 4 GERD phenotypes: erosive reflux disease (ERD), non-erosive reflux disease (NERD), reflux hypersensitivity (RH) and functional heartburn (FH). Proximal MNBI was calculated as the mean value of the proximal 2 channels (Z1 and Z2), and distal MNBI was calculated as the mean value of the distal 4 channels (Z3, Z4, Z5, Z6).
Results: Distal MNBI can help distinguish the abnormal acid exposure time (AET) phenotypes (ERD, NERD) from normal AET phenotypes (RH, FH) with a decent performance (AUROC 0.857). Distal MNBI has good accuracy in separating ERD from other phenotypes (AUROC 0.872). Furthermore, distal MNBI can differentiate FH from ERD, NERD, RH with good accuracy (AUROC 0.879), and on top of that is able to separate FH from RH (AUROC 0.817).
Conclusions: Our study showed that distal MNBI is a good method of differentiating GERD phenotypes and should be taken into consideration in future studies to assess its validity in helping physicians make the correct diagnosis.