bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abnormal vascular structure and function within brain metastases is linked to pembrolizumab resistance
Authors: Kim Albert E , Lou Kevin W , Giobbie-Hurder Anita , Chang Ken , Gidwani Mishka , Hoebel Katharina , Patel Jay B , Cleveland Mason C , Singh Praveer , Bridge Christopher P , Ahmed Syed Rakin , Bearce Benjamin A , Liu William , Fuster-Garcia Elies , Lee Eudocia Q , Lin Nancy U , Overmoyer Beth , Wen Patrick Y , Nayak Lakshmi , Cohen Justine V , Dietrich Jorg , Eichler April , Heist Rebecca , Krop Ian , Lawrence Donald , Ligibel Jennifer , Tolaney Sara , Mayer Erica , Winer Eric , Perrino Carmen M , Summers Elizabeth J , Mahar Maura , Oh Kevin , Shih Helen A , Cahill Daniel P , Rosen Bruce R , Yen Yi-Fen , Kalpathy-Cramer Jayashree , Martinez-Lage Maria , Sullivan Ryan J , Brastianos Priscilla K , Emblem Kyrre E , Gerstner Elizabeth R 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
We recently conducted a phase 2 trial (NCT028865685) evaluating intracranial efficacy of pembrolizumab for brain metastases (BM) of diverse histologies. Our study met its primary efficacy endpoint and illustrates that pembrolizumab exerts promising activity in a select group of patients with BM. Given the importance of aberrant vasculature in mediating immunosuppression, we explored the relationship between immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) efficacy and vascular architecture in the hopes of identifying potential mechanisms of intracranial ICI response or resistance for BM.

Methods
Using Vessel Architectural Imaging, a histologically validated quantitative metric for in vivo tumor vascular physiology, we analyzed dual-echo DSC/DCE MRI for 44 patients on trial. Tumor and peri-tumor cerebral blood volume/flow, vessel size, arterial and venous dominance, and vascular permeability were measured before and after treatment with pembrolizumab.

Results
BM that progressed on ICI were characterized by a highly aberrant vasculature dominated by large-caliber vessels. In contrast, ICI-responsive BM possessed a more structurally balanced vasculature consisting of both small and large vessels, and there was a trend toward a decrease in under-perfused tissue, suggesting a reversal of the negative effects of hypoxia. In the peri-tumor region, the development of smaller blood vessels, consistent with neo-angiogenesis, was associated with tumor growth before radiographic evidence of contrast enhancement on anatomical MRI.

Conclusions
This study, one of the largest functional imaging studies for BM, suggests that vascular architecture is linked with ICI efficacy. Studies identifying modulators of vascular architecture, and effects on immune activity, are warranted and may inform future combination treatments.
Magnetic-biased chiral molecules enabling highly oriented photovoltaic perovskites
Authors: Chen Jing , Deger Caner , Su Zhen-Huang , Wang Kai-Li , Zhu Guang-Peng , Wu Jun-Jie , He Bing-Chen , Chen Chun-Hao , Wang Tao , Gao Xing-Yu , Yavuz Ilhan , Lou Yan-Hui , Wang Zhao-Kui , Liao Liang-Sheng 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
The interaction between sites A, B and X with passivation molecules is restricted when the conventional passivation strategy is applied in perovskite (ABX3) photovoltaics. Fortunately, the revolving A-site presents an opportunity to strengthen this interaction by utilizing an external field. Herein, we propose a novel approach to achieving an ordered magnetic dipole moment, which is regulated by a magnetic field via the coupling effect between the chiral passivation molecule and the A-site (formamidine ion) in perovskites. This strategy can increase the molecular interaction energy by approximately four times and ensure a well-ordered molecular arrangement. The quality of the deposited perovskite film is significantly optimized with inhibited nonradiative recombination. It manages to reduce the open-circuit voltage loss of photovoltaic devices to 360 mV and increase the power conversion efficiency to 25.22%. This finding provides a new insight into the exploration of A-sites in perovskites and offers a novel route to improving the device performance of perovskite photovoltaics.
Rhesus monkeys exhibiting spontaneous ritualistic behaviors resembling obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: Zhai Rongwei , Tong Geya , Li Zheqin , Song Weichen , Hu Yang , Xu Sha , Wei Qiqi , Zhang Xiaocheng , Li Yi , Liao Bingbing , Yuan Chenyu , Fan Yinqing , Song Ge , Ouyang Yinyin , Zhang Wenxuan , Tang Yaqiu , Jin Minghui , Zhang Yuxian , Li He , Yang Zhi , Lin Guan Ning , Stein Dan J , Xiong Zhi-Qi , Wang Zhen 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic and debilitating psychiatric disorder that affects ∼2%–3% of the population globally. Studying spontaneous OCD-like behaviors in non-human primates may improve our understanding of the disorder. In large rhesus monkey colonies, we found 10 monkeys spontaneously exhibiting persistent sequential motor behaviors (SMBs) in individual-specific sequences that were repetitive, time-consuming and stable over prolonged periods. Genetic analysis revealed severely damaging mutations in genes associated with OCD risk in humans. Brain imaging showed that monkeys with SMBs had larger gray matter (GM) volumes in the left caudate nucleus and lower fractional anisotropy of the corpus callosum. The GM volume of the left caudate nucleus correlated positively with the daily duration of SMBs. Notably, exposure to a stressor (human presence) significantly increased SMBs. In addition, fluoxetine, a serotonergic medication commonly used for OCD, decreased SMBs in these monkeys. These findings provide a novel foundation for developing better understanding and treatment of OCD.
Assessing the Pragmatic Effectiveness and Implementation of Click City: Tobacco: A School-Based Prevention Program Targeting Youth Cigarette and E-cigarette Use
Authors: Andrews Judy A , Gordon Judith S , Westling Erika , Smith David 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Given the rapid increase in the prevalence of e-cigarette use among youth, we updated Click City: Tobacco, an existing, efficacious, online tobacco prevention program for 5th graders with a 6th-grade booster, to also target e-cigarette use.

Methods
To evaluate the effectiveness of the updated 5th-grade program within a “real world” setting, we conducted a pragmatic randomized trial with 5th-grade students in 43 schools across Arizona and Oregon, assessing change in intentions and willingness to use e-cigarettes/cigarettes, from baseline to one-week post-intervention. Students in intervention schools (n = 1327) received the updated version of Click City: Tobacco; students in control schools (n = 1346) received their usual tobacco prevention curriculum.

Results
Students in intervention schools significantly decreased their intentions and willingness to use e-cigarettes and cigarettes, compared to students in control schools. The intervention also significantly changed all targeted etiological mechanisms predictive of intentions and willingness. The intervention was more effective for at-risk students, as defined by student’s previous tobacco use, current family use of tobacco, and/or high in sensation-seeking. The effects of the intervention on all outcomes were similar as a function of state, gender, ethnicity, and historical timing (before COVID-19 pandemic school closures vs. after schools re-opened). Close to 90% of the students in the intervention condition completed the entire program, supporting fidelity of implementation, and teachers reported satisfaction with the program.

Conclusions
Findings suggest that Click City: Tobacco is effective for all 5th-grade students and can be delivered with fidelity across school settings.

Implications
The results of a randomized pragmatic effectiveness trial showed that the updated Click City: Tobacco program decreased intentions and willingness to both vape e-cigarettes and smoke cigarettes among 5th-grade students, particularly for those at high risk. Program effectiveness and lack of differences because of factors such as state, gender, ethnicity, and historical timing have universal implications, suggesting that all students can benefit from this program. Click City: Tobacco received high ratings of program satisfaction from teachers and was implemented with fidelity. Findings suggest that Click City: Tobacco is effective and can be easily implemented in schools.
Increased risk of lower limb osteoarthritis among former professional soccer (football) players
Authors: Russell E R , Spencer S J , Atherton C M , Lyall D M , Mackay D F , Stewart K , MacLean J A , Pell J P , Stewart W 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Soccer is a high-speed contact sport with risk of injury. Despite long-standing concern, evidence to date remains inconsistent as to the association between playing professional-level soccer and lifelong musculoskeletal consequences.

Aims
The objectives were to assess risk of osteoarthritis in former professional soccer players compared to matched general population controls, and subsequently assess associated musculoskeletal disorders which may contribute to, or result from, osteoarthritis—specifically meniscal injury and joint replacement.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study using national electronic health records (EHRs) on a cohort of 7676 former professional soccer players aged 40 or over at recruitment, matched on year of birth, sex (all male) and socio-economic status with 23 028 general population controls. Outcomes of interest were obtained by utilizing individual-level record linkage to EHRs from general hospital inpatient and day-case admissions.

Results
Compared to controls, former soccer players showed a greater risk of hospital admission for osteoarthritis (hazard ratio [HR] 3.01; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.80–3.25; P &lt; 0.001). This increased risk appeared age dependant, normalizing over age 80 years and reflective of increased risk of lower limb osteoarthritis. Further, risk of hospital admissions for meniscal injury (HR 2.73; 95% CI 2.42–3.08; P &lt; 0.001) and joint replacement (HR 2.82; 95% CI 2.23–3.57; P &lt; 0.001) were greater among former soccer players.

Conclusions
We report an increased risk of lower limb osteoarthritis in former soccer players when compared with matched population controls. The results of this research add data in support of lower limb osteoarthritis among former soccer players representing a potential industrial injury.
Household Transmission of Viral Acute Gastroenteritis Among Participants Within an Integrated Health Care Delivery System, 2014–2016
Authors: Balachandran Neha , Mattison Claire P , Calderwood Laura E , Burke Rachel M , Schmidt Mark A , Donald Judy , Mirza Sara A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
While enteric viruses are highly transmissible, household factors associated with transmission are less well documented. We identified individual- and household-level factors associated with viral acute gastroenteritis (AGE) transmission in a large health care network in the United States.

Methods
Patients presenting with AGE were enrolled from April 2014 to September 2016. Patients and symptomatic household members were interviewed, and stool specimens were collected and tested for viral pathogens. Within a household, primary cases were those with the earliest symptom onset and a positive viral test result; secondary cases were household contacts (HHCs) with symptom onset 1-7 days from the primary case onset. Transmission households had at least 1 secondary case.

Results
Our analysis included 570 primary cases with 1479 HHCs. The overall secondary attack rate was 23%. HHCs were likely to become secondary cases (n = 338) if they were &lt;5 years old (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.8; 95% CI, 1.2–2.6). Secondary transmission was likely to occur if the primary case was aged &lt;5 years (aOR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.4–3.6) or 5 to 17 years (aOR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.9–5.7), was norovirus positive (aOR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.9–3.7), had a diapered contact (aOR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.6-3.2), or reported symptoms for &gt;4 days (aOR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1–2.1). Households with ≥3 members (aOR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.1–4.5) were more likely to experience transmission.

Discussion
Risk of AGE transmission within households increased if the primary case was younger, was norovirus positive, had a longer symptom duration, or had a diapered contact. Targeted prevention messaging around appropriate cleaning, disinfection, and isolation of persons with AGE should be encouraged.
Very-Low-Level Viremia, Inflammatory Biomarkers, and Associated Baseline Variables: Three-Year Results of the Randomized TANGO Study
Authors: Wang Ruolan , Underwood Mark , Llibre Josep M , Bernal Morell Enrique , Brinson Cynthia , Sanz Moreno José , Scholten Stefan , Moore Richard , Saggu Parminder , Oyee James , Moodley Riya , Wynne Brian , Kisare Michelle , Jones Bryn , Ait-Khaled Mounir 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
We compared proportions of participants with target detected, target not detected (TND), and elevated viral load (VL) and assessed baseline variables associated with week 144 inflammatory biomarker levels between dolutegravir-lamivudine (DTG/3TC) and tenofovir alafenamide–based regimens (TBRs) in the TANGO study (post hoc).

Methods
TANGO is an open-label, multicenter, phase 3 study that randomized adults with VL &lt;50 copies/mL to switch to once-daily fixed-dose DTG/3TC or continue TBR. At baseline and each study visit, the VL was measured. Elevated VL event frequencies were assessed, including “blips.” Interleukin 6, D-dimer, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, soluble CD14, and soluble CD163 were measured at baseline and at week 144. Loge-transformed week 144 biomarker levels were compared between treatment groups using an analysis of covariance model adjusting for baseline variables.

Results
High, comparable proportions of participants had VL &lt;40 copies/mL and TND at week 144 (DTG/3TC, 279 of 369 [76%]; TBR, 267 of 372 [72%], intention-to-treat exposed Snapshot analysis; adjusted difference, 3.9% [95% confidence interval, −2.5% to 10.2%]), with similar TND proportions at all postbaseline visits (123 of 369 [33%] vs 101 of 372 [27%], respectively). Similar proportions of DTG/3TC participants had ≥1 postbaseline VL ≥50 copies/mL (28 of 369 [8%] vs 42 of 372 [11%] for TBR), primarily blips (18 of 369 [5%] and 26 of 372 [7%], respectively). Week 144 inflammatory biomarker levels were low and comparable between groups and associated with multiple demographic and baseline characteristics, including baseline biomarker levels, indicating a multifactorial inflammatory response.

Conclusions
Week 144 biomarker levels were low and generally comparable between treatment groups, reflecting similar, robust, and durable viral suppression observed using the stringent TND end point.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03446573.
The significance of long non-coding RNAs in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Jiang Fei , Wu Min , Li Rongpeng 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are a group of chronic relapsing gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases with significant global incidence. Although the pathomechanism of IBD has been extensively investigated, several aspects of its pathogenesis remain unclear. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts with more than 200 nucleotides in length that have potential protein-coding functions. LncRNAs play important roles in biological processes such as epigenetic modification, transcriptional regulation and post-transcriptional regulation. In this review, we summarize recent advances in research on IBD-related lncRNAs from the perspective of the overall intestinal microenvironment, as well as their potential roles as immune regulators, diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets or agents for IBD.
Understanding Pandemic Solidarity: Mutual Support During the First COVID-19 Lockdown in the United Kingdom
Authors: Johnson Stephanie , Roberts Stephen , Hayes Sarah , Fiske Amelia , Lucivero Federica , McLennan Stuart , Phillips Amicia , Samuel Gabrielle , Prainsack Barbara 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThroughout the COVID-19 pandemic, the concept of solidarity has been invoked frequently. Much interest has centred around how citizens and communities support one another during times of uncertainty. Yet, empirical research which accounts and understands citizen’s views on pandemic solidarity, or their actual practices has remained limited. Drawing upon the analysis of data from 35 qualitative interviews, this article investigates how residents in England and Scotland enacted, understood, or criticised (the lack of) solidarity during the first national lockdown in the United Kingdom in April 2020—at a time when media celebrated solidarity as being at an all-time high. It finds that although solidarity was practiced by some people, the perceived lack of solidarity was just as pronounced. We conclude that despite frequent mobilisations of solidarity by policy makers and other public actors, actual practices of solidarity are poorly understood—despite the importance of solidarity for public health and policy.
Isolation and characterization of bacteria from the gut of a mesopelagic copepod Cephalophanes reflugens (Copepoda: Calanoida)
Authors: Hirano Katsushi , Nakai Toshihiro , Nagai Takahiro , Takada Kentaro , Fujii Sotaro , Sambongi Yoshihiro , Kondo Yusuke , Komeda Sota , Nakaguchi Kazumitsu , Yamaguchi Shuhei , Maekawa Youichi , Nakamura Toru , Oba Yuichi , Ohtsuka Susumu 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The mesopelagic calanoid copepod Cephalophanes reflugens is characterized by its large eyes with semi-parabolic reflectors. It is hypothesized that the eyes aid in finding crustacean carcasses as food in poor deep-sea light and oligotrophic conditions. Here, the crustacean carcasses-associated luminous, chitin-degrading bacteria may play a vital role in detecting and digesting foods by the copepod. In this study, we collected adult female C. reflugens (n = 9) from the mesopelagic layers off southwestern Japan in the Pacific Ocean and obtained a total of 47 bacterial isolates from the gut contents. None of the isolates were luminescent, but almost half of the isolates were chitinolytic. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences, these chitinolytic bacteria were identified as members of the genus Vibrio, Photobacterium and Pseudoalteromonas. In culture experiments at 15°C, most of the chitinolytic isolates efficiently utilized colloidal chitin as the sole carbon source and degraded the carapace strip of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Some isolates showed these chitinoclastic activities even at low temperatures (&lt;5°C), equivalent to that of the deep-sea waters. The present results imply that chitin-degrading bacteria significantly contribute to chitin digestion in the gut of C. reflugens, whereas the involvement of luminous bacteria in the feeding mechanism remains unidentified.
Climate Change and Adaptation in Global Supply-Chain Networks
Authors: Pankratz Nora M C , Schiller Christoph M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper examines how physical climate exposure affects firm performance and global supply chains. We document that heat at supplier locations reduces the operating income of suppliers and their customers. Further, customers respond to perceived changes in suppliers’ exposure: when suppliers’ realized exposure exceeds ex ante expectations, customers are 7% more likely to terminate supplier relationships. Consistent with experience-based learning, this effect increases with signal strength and repetition and decreases with country-level climate adaptation. Subsequent replacement suppliers show a lower expected and realized but similar projected heat exposure. We find similar results for suppliers’ exposure to floods.
Refugee Labour Mobility to the EU: A Tool Contributing to Fairer Sharing of Responsibilities in the Context of Forced Displacement?
Authors: Vankova Zvezda 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The idea of facilitating labour mobility for refugees as a pathway for admission is back on the policy agenda. Such complementary pathways are promoted in the Global Compact for Refugees as means to facilitate access to protection and solutions in addition to resettlement, and praised by United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees as directly contributing to easing pressure on host countries by promoting a fairer sharing of responsibilities. Yet, a significant shortcoming of work-based pathways is that in most cases they do not lead directly to a durable solution but rather offer “a journey to a durable solution” on the basis of temporary residence permits. This begs the question, to what extent can we rely on such pathways to support responsibility sharing and what happens in cases where beneficiaries of such complementary pathways lose residence rights? By comparing the different approaches applied to Ukrainian and Syrian refugees in the European Union, this article concludes that refugee labour mobility in its current state has the potential to contribute to fairer responsibility sharing only cumulatively with other durable solutions and complementary pathways, and when it provides admission facilitation coupled with a fast and clear path to permanent residence or legal mechanisms, ensuring possibilities for extension of residence rights and legality of stay.
Self-Disorder in Schizophrenia: A Revised View (1. Comprehensive Review–Dualities of Self- and World-Experience)
Authors: Feyaerts Jasper , Sass Louis 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A growing body of research supports the role of self-disorders as core phenotypic features of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Self-disorders comprise various alterations of conscious experience whose theoretical understanding continues to present a challenge. The following 2 articles aim to provide further clarification of the nature of self-disorders in schizophrenia by offering a comprehensive review (article 1) and theoretical revision (article 2) of the currently most influential model of altered selfhood in schizophrenia: the basic-self-disturbance or ipseity-disorder model (IDM). This article presents a state-of-the-art overview of the current self-disturbance model and critically assesses its descriptive adequacy with respect to the clinical variability and heterogeneity of the alterations in self- and world-awareness characteristic of schizophrenia. Special attention is paid to experiences of exaggerated basic self, increased “grip” or “hold” on the world, and paradoxical combinations. The next article proposes a theoretical revision of the self-disturbance model by considering how hyperreflexivity might form the crucial common thread or generating factor that unifies the phenomenologically heterogeneous, and sometimes even contradictory features of schizophrenic self-disorders. We outline the implications of our revised model for explanatory research, therapeutic practice, and our general understanding of the abnormalities in question.