bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adipocyte retinoic acid receptor α prevents obesity and steatohepatitis by regulating energy expenditure and lipogenesis
Authors: Cassim Bawa Fathima N. , Hu Shuwei , Gopoju Raja , Shiyab Amy , Mongan Kai , Xu Yanyong , Pan Xiaoli , Clark Alyssa , Wang Hui , Zhang Yanqiao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe adipose tissue–liver axis is a major regulator of the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Retinoic acid signaling plays an important role in development and metabolism. However, little is known about the role of adipose retinoic acid signaling in the development of obesity‐associated NAFLD. In this work, the aim was to investigate whether and how retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARα) regulated the development of obesity and NAFLD.MethodsRARα expression in adipose tissue of db/db or ob/ob mice was determined. Rarαfl/fl mice and adipocyte‐specific Rarα−/− (RarαAdi−/−) mice were fed a chow diet for 1 year or high‐fat diet (HFD) for 20 weeks. Primary adipocytes and primary hepatocytes were co‐cultured. Metabolic regulation and inflammatory response were characterized.ResultsRARα expression was reduced in adipose tissue of db/db or ob/ob mice. RarαAdi−/− mice had increased obesity and steatohepatitis (NASH) when fed a chow diet or HFD. Loss of adipocyte RARα induced lipogenesis and inflammation in adipose tissue and the liver and reduced thermogenesis. In the co‐culture studies, loss of RARα in adipocytes induced inflammatory and lipogenic programs in hepatocytes.ConclusionsThe data demonstrate that RARα in adipocytes prevents obesity and NASH via inhibiting lipogenesis and inflammation and inducing energy expenditure.
Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of MAPbX3‐Based Perovskites (X=Cl, Br, I) for Photovoltaic Applications
Authors: Mehra Sonali , Pandey Rahul , Madan Jaya , Sharma Rajnish , Goswami Lalit , Gupta Govind , Singh Vidya Nand , Srivastava Avanish Kumar , Sharma Shailesh Narain 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis work mainly focuses on synthesizing and evaluating the efficiency of methylammonium lead halide‐based perovskite (MAPbX3; X=Cl, Br, I) solar cells. We used the colloidal Hot‐injection method (HIM) to synthesize MAPbX3 (X=Cl, Br, I) perovskites using the specific precursors and organic solvents under ambient conditions. We studied the structural, morphological and optical properties of MAPbX3 perovskites using XRD, FESEM, TEM, UV‐Vis, PL and TRPL (time‐resolved photoluminescence) characterization techniques. The particle size and morphology of these perovskites vary with respect to the halide variation. The MAPbI3 perovskite possesses a low band gap and low carrier lifetime but delivers the highest PCE among other halide perovskite samples, making it a promising candidate for solar cell technology. To further enrich the investigations, the conversion efficiency of the MAPbX3 perovskites has been evaluated through extensive device simulations. Here, the optical constants, band gap energy and carrier lifetime of MAPbX3 were used for simulating three different perovskite solar cells, namely I, Cl or Br halide‐based perovskite solar cells. MAPbI3, MAPbBr3 and MAPbCl3 absorber layer‐based devices showed ~13.7 %, 6.9 % and 5.0 % conversion efficiency. The correlation between the experimental and SCAPS simulation data for HIM‐synthesized MAPBX3‐based perovskites has been reported for the first time.
Structural, optical, and dielectric characteristics of chitosan/hydroxypropyl cellulose‐modified copper vanadate nanoparticles
Authors: Al‐kalali N. A. , Abdelghany A. M. , Bin Anooz S. , Abdelaziz M. , Oraby A. H. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractChitosan (Cs) and hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) blend films were created and incorporated with copper vanadate nanoparticles. The films were characterized using various techniques, including x‐ray diffraction (XRD), attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR), TEM, SEM, UV/vis spectroscopy, dielectric properties, and AC conductivity. The XRD analysis showed that the prepared films had amorphous characteristics. FT‐IR spectra indicated interactions between the Cs/HPC virgin polymers and copper vanadate nanoparticles. TEM analysis showed that the most prevalent size range of the nanoparticles was 20–60 nm. SEM micrographs revealed surface homogeneity at lower copper vanadate nanoparticle contents but increased inhomogeneity with higher contents. The prepared films showed a decrease in the optical energy gap and an increase in refractive index with increasing copper vanadate nanoparticle content. Copper vanadate nanoparticles enhance AC conductivity in Cs/HPC polymer blend. Dielectric analysis proved the suitability of the films for electroactive polymer applications.Highlights
The casting process was used to prepare Cs/HPC—copper vanadate NPs films.
XRD shows increased amorphousness post‐addition of copper vanadate NPs.
SEM images revealed an increase in inhomogeneity with higher contents of copper vanadate NPs.
The optical band gap decreased as the content of copper vanadate NPs increased.
Copper vanadate nanoparticles greatly improve electrical conductivity and relaxation time.
Film formation kinetics of polystyrene latex‐based nanocomposites with a broad particle size distribution
Authors: Demirbay Barış 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe present study article aims to clarify the effect of colloidal polystyrene (PS) latexes with a broad particle size distribution on film formation kinetics of multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)‐added polymer nanocomposites by considering theoretical film formation models. Experimentally, light transmitted from nanocomposite films, each having different weight fractions of MWCNT, was recorded at different annealing temperatures via UV–Visible spectrophotometry. Optical data set was then theoretically elaborated by taking into account void closure and Prager‐Tirrell models. Activation energies of viscous flow (ΔH) and backbone motion for reptating PS chains (ΔEB), minimum film formation (T0) and healing (Th) temperatures were then computed from optical data. Experimental results revealed that ΔH required for void closure phenomenon remained unaffected by both nanofiller and size distribution of latexes. On the other hand, it was found that ΔEB for backbone motion promoted upon the addition of nano‐fillers into latex particles. Our experimental findings suggested that film formation from MWCNT‐added latex films with a broad particle size distribution mainly originates from void closure mechanism since ΔH for viscous flow suppresses ΔEB acquired for backbone motion of repeating PS chains to a great extent.Highlights
A broad size distribution effect of PS on film formation was investigated.
Voids closure and Prager‐Tirrell models were applied to spectroscopic data.
Activation energy of viscous flow is unaffected by size distribution of PS.
Latex film formation with varying size distribution stems from void closure.
The efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation on upper extremity motor function after stroke: A systematic review and comparative meta‐analysis of different stimulation polarities
Authors: Navarro‐López Víctor , del‐Valle‐Gratacós Manuel , Carratalá‐Tejada María , Cuesta‐Gómez Alicia , Fernández‐Vázquez Diego , Molina‐Rueda Francisco 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been studied extensively. The cathodic (c‐tDCS), anodic (a‐tDCS), and bihemispheric stimulation have demonstrated efficacy in the management of the paretic upper extremity (UE) after stroke, but it has not been determined which stimulation polarity has, so far, shown the best results.ObjectiveTo evaluate the available evidence to determine which tDCS polarity has the best results in improving UE motor function after stroke.MethodsPubMed, PEDro, Web of Science, EMBASE, and SCOPUS databases were searched. Different Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms were combined for the search strategy, to cover all studies that performed a comparison between different tDCS configurations focused on UE motor rehabilitation in people with lived experience of stroke.ResultsFifteen studies remained for qualitative analysis and 12 for quantitative analysis. Non‐significant differences with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were obtained for c‐tDCS versus a‐tDCS (g = 0.10, 95% CI = −0.13; 0.33, p = .39, N = 292), for a‐tDCS versus bihemispheric (g = 0.02, 95% CI = −0.46; 0.42, p = .93, N = 81), and for c‐tDCS versus bihemispheric (g = 0.09, 95% CI = −0.84; .66, p = .73, N = 100). No significant differences between the subgroups of the meta‐analysis were found.ConclusionsThe results of the present meta‐analysis showed no evidence that a stimulation polarity is superior to the others in the rehabilitation of UE motor function after stroke. A non‐significant improvement trend was observed toward c‐tDCS compared to a‐tDCS.
Exercise as a behavioral approach to improve mood in persons with traumatic brain injury
Authors: Wender Carly L. A. , Ray LaShawnna N. , Sandroff Brian M. , Krch Denise 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMood disturbance is a common, long‐term, negative consequence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) that is insufficiently addressed by most traditional treatment modalities. A large body of evidence supports the efficacy of exercise training (ET) to broadly improve mood, as measured most often by the Profile of Mood States (POMS). However, this behavioral approach is not used nearly enough in the TBI population, and when it is, mood is rarely measured. This scoping review will evaluate the use of POMS as a mood measure in TBI research and to establish a rationale for using ET as a behavioral approach to broadly improve mood in persons with TBI.
Excited‐state tautomerization of cytidine in water solution when exposed to UVC light
Authors: Cherneva Tsvetina D. , Todorova Mina M. , Bakalska Rumyana I. , Shterev Ivan G. , Horkel Ernst , Delchev Vassil B. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe irradiation of water solution of cytidine with UVC light showed that the compound participates in a tautomerism following the kinetics of a first‐order reaction. The PIDA mechanism showed that the proton detachments in the tautomers of cytidine occur through the repulsive 1πσ* excited states and lead to conical intersections S0/S1, whose structures were optimized. More probable is the IRC mechanism, which proceeds along 1nπ* excited state reaction paths. This mechanism includes a water molecule as a catalyst, which assists the phototransformation of amino‐oxo tautomer of cytidine into imino‐hydroxy one.
Molecular wrench activity of DNA helicases: Keys to modulation of rapid kinetics in DNA repair
Authors: Wettasinghe Ashan P. , Seifi Melodee O. , Bravo Marco , Adams Austen C. , Patel Aman , Lou Monica , Kahanda Dimithree , Peng Hao‐Che , Stelling Allison L. , Fan Li , Slinker Jason D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDNA helicase activity is essential for the vital DNA metabolic processes of recombination, replication, transcription, translation, and repair. Recently, an unexpected, rapid exponential ATP‐stimulated DNA unwinding rate was observed from an Archaeoglobus fulgidus helicase (AfXPB) as compared to the slower conventional helicases from Sulfolobus tokodaii, StXPB1 and StXPB2. This unusual rapid activity suggests a “molecular wrench” mechanism arising from the torque applied by AfXPB on the duplex structure in transitioning from open to closed conformations. However, much remains to be understood. Here, we investigate the concentration dependence of DNA helicase binding and ATP‐stimulated kinetics of StXPB2 and AfXPB, as well as their binding and activity in Bax1 complexes, via an electrochemical assay with redox‐active DNA monolayers. StXPB2 ATP‐stimulated activity is concentration‐independent from 8 to 200 nM. Unexpectedly, AfXPB activity is concentration‐dependent in this range, with exponential rate constants varying from seconds at concentrations greater than 20 nM to thousands of seconds at lower concentrations. At 20 nM, rapid exponential signal decay ensues, linearly reverses, and resumes with a slower exponential decay. This change in AfXPB activity as a function of its concentration is rationalized as the crossover between the fast molecular wrench and slower conventional helicase modes. AfXPB‐Bax1 inhibits rapid activity, whereas the StXPB2‐Bax1 complex induces rapid kinetics at higher concentrations. This activity is rationalized with the crystal structures of these complexes. These findings illuminate the different physical models governing molecular wrench activity for improved biological insight into a key factor in DNA repair.
Pediatric model‐based dose optimization using a pooled exposure–response safety analysis for nivolumab and nivolumab plus ipilimumab combination in melanoma
Authors: Du Shengnan , Zhao Yue , Hu Zheyi , Liu Sihang , Roy Amit , Shen Jun , Zhu Li , Hamuro Lora 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAn exposure–response (E–R) safety analysis was conducted across adult and pediatric (<18 years) studies to evaluate the potential impact of higher nivolumab and/or ipilimumab exposures in adolescents (≥12 to <18 years) versus adults with melanoma using the approved adult dosing regimens for nivolumab alone or in combination with ipilimumab. Data from 3507 patients across 15 studies were used to examine the relationship between nivolumab–ipilimumab daily average exposure and time to grade 2+ immune‐mediated adverse events (gr2+ IMAEs). Results from the E–R safety model showed ipilimumab, but not nivolumab, exposure to be a statistically significant predictor of gr2+ IMAEs. Significant covariates included sex (41% higher risk for women than men), line of therapy (19% higher for first‐line than later‐line), and treatment setting (26% lower for adjuvant than advanced melanoma). Younger age and lower body weight (BW) were each associated with a lower risk of gr2+ IMAEs (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.830 for 15‐year‐olds versus 60‐year‐olds and 0.84 for BW 52 kg versus 75 kg). For adolescents with melanoma treated with nivolumab in the advanced or adjuvant settings, these results are supportive of nivolumab flat dosing regimens for adolescents greater than or equal to 40 kg and BW‐based dosing for adolescents less than 40 kg. These results also support adult weight‐based dosing regimens for nivolumab plus ipilimumab in adolescents with advanced melanoma. This analysis suggests that although higher exposures are predicted in adolescents with lower weight compared with adults, there is no predicted immune‐mediated safety risk when treated with the approved adult dosing of nivolumab with/without ipilimumab.
Frequentist and Bayesian tolerance intervals for setting specification limits for left‐censored gamma distributed drug quality attributes
Authors: Montes Richard O. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTolerance intervals from quality attribute measurements are used to establish specification limits for drug products. Some attribute measurements may be below the reporting limits, that is, left‐censored data. When data has a long, right‐skew tail, a gamma distribution may be applicable. This paper compares maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) and Bayesian methods to estimate shape and scale parameters of censored gamma distributions and to calculate tolerance intervals under varying sample sizes and extents of censoring. The noninformative reference prior and the maximal data information prior (MDIP) are used to compare the impact of prior choice. Metrics used are bias and root mean square error for the parameter estimation and average length and confidence coefficient for the tolerance interval evaluation. It will be shown that Bayesian method using a reference prior overall performs better than MLE for the scenarios evaluated. When sample size is small, the Bayesian method using MDIP yields conservatively too wide tolerance intervals that are unsuitable basis for specification setting. The metrics for all methods worsened with increasing extent of censoring but improved with increasing sample size, as expected. This study demonstrates that although MLE is relatively simple and available in user‐friendly statistical software, it falls short in accurately and precisely producing tolerance limits that maintain the stated confidence depending on the scenario. The Bayesian method using noninformative prior, even though computationally intensive and requires considerable statistical programming, produces tolerance limits which are practically useful for specification setting. Real‐world examples are provided to illustrate the findings from the simulation study.
Protective mechanism of Paeonol on central nervous system
Authors: Wu Rui , Liu Yanfang , Zhang Fang , Dai Shu , Xue Xinyan , Peng Cheng , Li Yan , Li Yunxia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCerebrovascular diseases involve neuronal damage, resulting in degenerative neuropathy and posing a serious threat to human health. The discovery of effective drug components from natural plants and the study of their mechanism are a research idea different from chemical synthetic medicines. Paeonol is the main active component of traditional Chinese medicine Paeonia lactiflora Pall. It widely exists in many medicinal plants and has pharmacological effects such as anti‐atherosclerosis, antiplatelet aggregation, anti‐oxidation, and anti‐inflammatory, which keeps generally used in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Based on the therapeutic effects of Paeonol for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, this article reviewed the pharmacological effects of Paeonol in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, epilepsy, diabetes encephalopathy, and other neurological diseases, providing a reference for the research of the mechanism of Paeonol in central nervous system diseases.
Biliothorax in a patient with unresectable cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Valero Sara , Copoví Àlison , Boira Ignacio , Sancho‐Chust Jose N. , Esteban Violeta , de la Paz Alejandro , Chiner Eusebi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBiliothorax is a rare but serious condition, as the presence of bile is damaging and can lead to empyema. Here, we report a case of a 51‐year‐old man recently diagnosed with unresectable cholangiocarcinoma, admitted to the hospital for malignant obstructive jaundice. After interventional management of biliary obstruction, the patient developed a significant right pleural effusion compatible with biliothorax, successfully managed with pleural drainage and antibiotic therapy. Resolution was possible with a conservative approach: biliary decompression, chest tube drainage and antibiotics.
An identity‐based secure VANET communication system
Authors: Naresh Vankamamidi S. , Reddi Sivaranjani 
Published: October 2023

AbstractVehicular ad‐hoc networks (VANETs) are mobile networks intended to connect vehicles and provide secure communication. In this direction, many researchers worked on establishing secure communication in VANETs. However, VANETs still face potential security and privacy issues due to network openness. In this paper, we proposed a secure communication system for VANETs with privacy, consisting of an Enhanced privacy‐preserving mutual authentication procedure for safe communication in V2V and deriving a session key using vehicle identities and time stamps the secret values (nonce) shared during the session. Further, we compared the proposed technique with existing techniques, and satisfactory results were obtained in favor of the proposed less computation. Finally, a formal security model is established to secure against unknown key share attacks, replay attacks, and key‐compromised impersonation attacks.
Males die young, which may cause an Allee effect during a population collapse of the Vendace Coregonus albula
Authors: Marjomäki Timo J. , Valkeajärvi Pentti , Karjalainen Juha 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
We estimated the difference in mortality between mature male and female Vendace Coregonus albula based on a large data set of catch samples from 25 locations in Finland. We then used this estimate and age distribution data from Lake Etelä-Konnevesi to illustrate how the sex ratio (females per one male) might decrease as the average age of spawners increases during a several-year-long period of recruitment failure.

Methods
We estimated mortalities first from sex-specific age–ln(catch) curves and second from the average age-specific proportions of different sexes.

Result
The estimate of the additional mortality of males was around 0.2–0.4, depending on the method of estimation, and assumed true proportions in the population at age 1 (two growing seasons), when Vendace reaches sexual maturity. When using the additional mortality estimate and age distribution data from Lake Etelä-Konnevesi, the hypothetical sex ratio in the most extreme year was even as skewed as four females per one male.

Conclusion
If the lack of males per female spawner during a population decline reduces the per capita recruitment success of females, this is a depensatory density-dependent effect, the Allee effect. This phenomenon may partly explain the rapid population collapses and contribute to 2-year cyclicity typical of the dynamics of Vendace populations.
Evaluating the effects of selective passage of migratory Westslope Cutthroat Trout on nonnative admixture
Authors: Dangora Anthony J. , Eby Lisa A. , Barfoot Craig A. , Whiteley Andrew R. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Hybridization with nonnative Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss is a primary threat to the persistence of Westslope Cutthroat Trout O. clarkii lewisi. Managers concerned with conserving migratory populations of Westslope Cutthroat Trout in the presence of Rainbow Trout often face the predicament of tolerating the spread of hybridization, intentionally isolating Westslope Cutthroat Trout populations, or suppressing Rainbow Trout source populations.

Methods
Selective passage of migratory Westslope Cutthroat Trout above existing barriers is a management approach with the potential to limit hybridization, while minimizing the population impacts of barriers in populations with preexisting low levels of hybridization. We took a before-after–control-impact approach to evaluate a phenotype-based selective passage management program for migratory Westslope Cutthroat Trout in the Jocko River, Montana.

Result
Of the 364 genotyped individuals selectively passed upstream of a barrier, 82% had a proportion of Rainbow Trout admixture &lt; 0.01 and 98% had &lt; 0.10. Over 14 years (2005–2019), there was no significant increase in hybridization at sites (n = 12) upstream of the barrier, but metrics increased within some of our control (no barrier, n = 8) sites. This increase was greatest at a site just downstream from the barrier, suggesting that blocked fish might have spawned opportunistically in this adjacent tributary.

Conclusion
We demonstrate that phenotypic traits were useful in implementing a selective Westslope Cutthroat Trout passage program that allowed managers to promote the migratory life history without increasing nonnative admixture in this watershed.