bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abomasal luminal pressure in cattle with abomasal volvulus or left displaced abomasum
Authors: Constable Peter D. , St-Jean Guy , Koenig Gerard R. , Hull Bruce L. , Rings D. Michael 
Published: December 2023

Summary
The abomasal luminal pressure was determined during surgery in 54 dairy cows with abomasal volvulus (av) and another 50 dairy cows with left displaced abomasum. The luminal pressure was high in all cattle with av and 49 (98%) cattle with left displaced abomasum. Luminal pressure was significantly higher in cattle with av (median, 11.7 mm of Hg; range, 4.1 to 32.4 mm of Hg) than cattle with left displaced abomasum (median, 8.7 mm of Hg; range, 3.5 to 20.7 mm of Hg). Among cattle with av, abomasal luminal pressure was significantly higher in cattle that died or were sold for slaughter following surgery (median, 20.6 mm of Hg; n = 8) than in cattle that were retained in the herd (median, 11.0 mm of Hg; n = 46). The luminal pressure was weakly correlated with the preoperative serum alkaline phosphatase activity but not correlated with duration of inappetence before surgery. Calculation of likelihood ratios and construction of a response operating characteristic curve for cattle with av indicated that a cutoff value of 16 mm of Hg for luminal pressure optimized the distribution of cattle into productive and nonproductive groups. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of a luminal pressure < 16 mm of Hg in predicting a productive outcome were 0.83, 0.75, 0.95, and 0.43, respectively.
Stress reactions and stress fractures of the proximal palmar aspect of the third metacarpal bone in horses: 58 cases (1980-1990)
Authors: Pleasant R. Scott , Baker Gordon J. , Muhlbauer Michael C. , Foreman Jonathan H. , Boero Michael J. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
The case records, radiographs, and nuclear bone scans of 58 horses with stress reactions or stress fractures of the proximal palmar aspect of the third metacarpal bone (MC3) were reviewed. There were 47 Standardbreds, 4 Quarter Horses, 3 Thoroughbreds, 2 Arabians, 1 Oldenburg, and 1 Pony of America. Fifty-six of the horses were racehorses or performance horses. The mean and median ages of affected horses were 4 and 3 years, respectively. Lameness ranged from mild to severe. Physical findings were usually subtle and included signs of pain on deep palpation of the proximal palmar aspect of MC3 and slight effusion of the middle carpal joint in some cases. Lameness was commonly improved by high palmar and palmar metacarpal nerve blocks or anesthesia of the middle carpal joint. Fifty-three horses had higher than normal radiopharmaceutical uptake in the proximal palmar aspect of MC3 in the left or right limb. The other 5 horses had higher than normal radiopharmaceutical uptake bilaterally. Fifty-six of the 63 limbs with abnormal bone scans also had abnormal radiographs. Treatment consisted of a variable period of rest (1 to 6 months). Healing was best assessed by follow-up bone scans. Of the 45 horses for which follow-up information was adequate, 29 (64%) returned to their previous level of performance.
Development of chronic renal disease in cats fed a commercial diet
Authors: DiBartola S. P. , Buffington C. A. , Chew D. J. , McLoughlin M. A. , Sparks R. A. 
Published: December 2023

Summary:
Chronic renal failure was observed in 10 young adult client-owned cats that had been fed 1 commercial cat food exclusively since weaning. The diet contained 40% protein and 0.32% potassium on a dry matter basis, and phosphoric acid was added during production. We attempted to determine whether exclusive feeding of this diet would induce clinical and laboratory evidence of renal dysfunction in clinically normal adult cats. Over a 2-year study, 3 of 9 of these cats developed clinical and laboratory evidence of renal dysfunction and renal lesions. Two additional cats developed renal lesions, but had normal laboratory values. The renal lesions consisted of lymphoplasmacytic interstitial nephritis and interstitial fibrosis. We concluded that chronic renal disease may develop in clinically normal adult cats fed diets high in protein and acid content, but marginally replete in potassium.
Vaporizer in circle for delivery of isoflurane to dogs
Authors: Bednarski Richard M. , Gaynor James S. , Muir William W. 
Published: December 2023

Summary:
An in-circuit vaporizer for delivery of isoflurane was evaluated. The isoflurane concentration within an isolated circle breathing circuit was determined for 1 hour in 6 in-the-circuit vaporizers with the wicks removed. A mechanical ventilator and artificial lung were connected to the circuit. Isoflurane concentration increased as vaporizer setting increased, and delivered concentration (%) at 60 minutes ( ± sem) ranged from 0.46 ± 0.10 at tap setting 1 to 3.67 ± 0.30 at setting 5. Temperature of the isoflurane did not change.
Cardiovascular and respiratory function were maintained within a clinically acceptable range in 6 dogs anesthetized with thiamylal and maintained with 1.87% end-tidal isoflurane delivered from the in-circuit vaporizer during spontaneous ventilation, controlled ventilation, and closed-circuit anesthesia. The range of vaporizer tap settings ( ± sem) was lower during closed-system anesthesia (2.5 ± 0.1 to 3.5 ± 0.6) and during controlled ventilation (2.6 ± 0.2 to 3.3 ± 0.2) than during semi-closed system anesthesia (5.4 ± 0.3 to 6.8 ± 0.4).
The in-circuit vaporizer was used to deliver isoflurane to 36 dogs anesthetized for a variety of surgical and medical procedures. Ventilation was spontaneous, assisted, and in 1 instance, controlled. Cardiovascular function, respiratory function, and recovery times were within clinically acceptable ranges. The initial vaporizer tap setting ( ± sem) was 8.2 ± 0.4, and this corresponded to an end-tidal isoflurane concentration of 3.5 ± 0.6. The range of vaporizer settings during the maintenance phase ( ± sem) was 2.8 ± 0.5 to 4.6 ± 1.9. This corresponded to an end-tidal isoflurane concentration of 1.2 ± 0.1 to 1.8 ± 0.1%.
This study documents that when appropriate guidelines are followed and limitations understood, the in-circle vaporizer is suitable for delivery of isoflurane to dogs undergoing a variety of surgical and medical procedures. Guidelines include removal of the wick, attention to the relatively rapid increase of anesthetic depth during the first 5 minutes of anesthesia, and the need to decrease the setting of the vaporizer control lever if assisted or controlled ventilation is used, or if closed system flow rates are used. Limitations include unpredictability of output with changing ambient temperature and difficulty adapting its use with semi-open breathing systems such as the t-piece or Bain coaxial circuit.
Effect of subclinical infection with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in commingled feeder swine
Authors: Rohrbach B. W. , Hall R. F. , Hitchcock J. P. 
Published: December 2023

Summary:
Sequential serologic analysis for Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae was done on 240 commingled feeder swine at 1 and 21 days after purchase and at slaughter. At the beginning of the experiment, mean weight of the pigs was 18.6 kg, and the pigs were maintained to a mean slaughter weight of 109.95 kg. A fourfold increase in antibody titer against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae was demonstrated in 28 (12%) pigs. Mean adjusted rate of gain for infected pigs was 0.74 ± 0.10kg/d and 0.77 ± 0.09kg/d for uninfected pigs. Differences in feed efficiency were not detected between infected and uninfected pigs. Our findings suggested that 5.64 additional days are required for pigs with subclinical infection to reach market weight of 113.6 kg, compared with that for uninfected herdmates. A vaccination program to prevent subclinical infection may not be cost effective.
Hyphema associated with retinal disease in dogs: 17 cases (1986-1991)
Authors: Nelms Susan R. , Nasisse Mark P. , Davidson Michael G. , Kirschner Susan E. 
Published: December 2023

Summary:
We evaluated the medical records of 17 dogs with hyphema of presumed retinal origin to evaluate the clinical, laboratory, ultrasonographic, and histologic features as well as known complications. The mean age of the dogs was 11.5 years. Routine hematologic and biochemical evaluation failed to identify an underlying cause in any dog. Retinal detachments, however, were identified in 10 of 13 dogs evaluated by ultrasonography and 5 of 6 globes evaluated histologically. In 1 dog, hyphema was associated with retinal vascular disease, presumed to be caused by hypertension. The prognosis for vision in geriatric dogs with hyphema, secondary to retinal disease, was found to be grave, as 10 dogs developed secondary glaucoma. The outcome for all dogs was loss of vision.
Hyperadrenocorticism associated with adrenocortical tumor or nodular hyperplasia of the adrenal gland in ferrets: 50 cases (1987-1991)
Authors: Rosenthal Karen L. , Peterson Mark E. , Quesenberry Katherine E. , Hillyer Elizabeth V. , Beeber Neal L. , Moroff Scott D. , Lothrop Clinton D. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Adrenocortical adenoma, nodular hyperplasia, or carcinoma was diagnosed in 50 ferrets. Thirty-five (70%) ferrets were female and 15 (30%) were male. The mean age at which clinical signs were first noticed was 3.4 years (range, 1 to 7 years). Clinical signs included large vulva (n = 31; 89% of females), alopecia (n = 43; 86%), pruritus (n = 20; 40%), and increased consumption of water and increased urine output (n = 4; 8%). A mass was palpated at the cranial pole of the kidney during physical examination of 17 (34%) ferrets. Ultrasonography, performed on 39 of 50 ferrets, revealed a unilateral adrenal gland mass in 19 (49%). Four ferrets were anemic, and 2 ferrets were thrombocytopenic. Baseline plasma concentrations of cortisol and corticosterone were within or below the reference range in all 17 ferrets tested, whereas baseline plasma estradiol concentrations were high in 4 of the 11 ferrets (36%) tested. After adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth) administration, only 1 ferret had a slightly exaggerated response on the basis of plasma cortisol concentrations, and all 17 had normal responses on the basis of plasma corticosterone concentrations. There was little or no increase in plasma estradiol concentrations after acth administration. Of the 50 ferrets, 39 were treated by adrenalectomy. Unilateral adrenalectomy was performed in 34 ferrets in which 1 adrenal gland was large, whereas subtotal bilateral adrenalectomy was performed in 5 ferrets with bilateral adrenal disease. Five ferrets died in the immediate postoperative period, and follow-up information was available for the remaining 34, 1 to 34 months after surgery. A decrease in vulvar size was generally noticed by 2 days after surgery, and complete hair regrowth was noticed by 2 months.
Because clinical signs resolved after adrenalectomy, it was likely that the adrenocortical tumors and nodular hyperplasias of the adrenal gland were hyperfunctional. However, these ferrets did not have excessively high circulating concentrations of cortisol. At present, we recommended that diagnosis of adrenocortical disease in ferrets be made on the basis of characteristic clinical signs, results of abdominal ultrasonography, and finding large adrenal glands during surgery. Results of acth stimulation tests, with determination of plasma cortisol or corticosterone concentrations, were of no value in the diagnosis.
Granulomatous hepatitis in dogs: Nine cases (1987–1990)
Authors: Chapman Barbara L. , Hendrick Mattie J. , Washabau Robert J. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Granulomatous hepatitis (gh) is an uncommon histopathologic diagnosis in dogs. On the basis of clinical reports, fungal infections appear to be the most common cause of gh in dogs, but many other potential causes have been identified. The medical records and histopathologic findings for 9 dogs with gh were reviewed to identify additional specific causes of gh in dogs. Diseases associated with gh included intestinal lymphangiectasia (n = 2), lymphosarcoma (n = 1), histiocytosis (n = 1), dirofilariasis(n = 1), and histoplasmosis (n = 1). In 1 dog, no other disease process was identified. Of the remaining 2 dogs, 1 had concurrent granulomatous pneumonitis of unknown cause, and the other had periportal hepatitis and temporal muscle wasting. All 9 dogs with gh had clinical evidence of liver disease, such as hepatomegaly, icterus, and ascites, or had high serum alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase activity. Because of the wide variety of potential causes of gh in dogs, an accurate diagnosis should be sought so that appropriate treatment can be chosen and an accurate prognosis given.
Use of a DNA-based test for the mutation associated with porcine stress syndrome (malignant hyperthermia) in 10,000 breeding swine
Authors: O’Brien Peter James , Shen Hua , Cory C. Robert , Zhang Xia 
Published: December 2023

Summary:
To test the hypothesis that the mutation associated with porcine stress syndrome (pss; malignant hyperthermia) was present in a large proportion of North American and English swine, a simple and rapid laboratory protocol was used for cost-effective, large-scale diagnosis of susceptibility to pss. This pss test was applied to 10,245 breeding swine of various breeds from 129 farms in the United States, Canada, and England. Approximately 1 of 5 swine was a heterozygous carrier of the pss mutation, with approximately 1% being homozygotes. Prevalence of the pss mutation was 97% for 58 Pietrain, 35% for 1,962 Landrace, 15% for 718 Duroc, 19% for 720 Large White, 14% for 496 Hampshire, 19% for 1,727 Yorkshire, and 16% for 3,446 crossbred swine. The pss gene frequencies for these breeds were 0.72, 0.19, 0.08, 0.10, 0.07, 0.10, and 0.09, respectively. In addition to these breeds, we have identified the pss mutation in Poland China and Berkshire breeds. These gene frequencies were 30 to 75% lower in Canadian swine than in US swine, with the exception of Yorkshires, for which the gene frequency was threefold higher in Canadian swine. English swine were similarly, or more so, affected than were US swine. Accuracy was estimated at > 99%. Cost to perform the test was < $20/ animal. Depending on the perceived net balance of deleterious and beneficial effects of the mutation, the pss test could be used to eradicate the pss mutation from herds, or for controlled expression of the mutation.
Chronic mitral valve disease in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels: 95 cases (1987–1991)
Authors: Beardow Andrew W. , Buchanan James W. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Systolic heart murmurs caused by chronic mitral valve disease are particularly common in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (ckcs) in Great Britain. To determine if American-bred ckcs have a similar high prevalence of chronic valve disease, results of stethoscopic examinations on 394 ckcs were analyzed. Left apical systolic heart murmurs were found in 22% of the dogs. The prevalence ranged from 9% in dogs < 1 year old to 100% in those ≥ 10 years old; prevalence was 56% in dogs ≥ 4 years old. Differences were not found in prevalence between sexes and among various coat colors. Reexamination of 79 dogs after 1 year revealed an incidence of new murmurs of 21%. Comparison of ages at initial examination in 128 referral hospital cases with chronic mitral valve disease revealed a mean age of 6.25 years in 17 ckcs, in contrast to a mean age of 12 years in other breeds. Echocardiographic and necropsy findings indicated that ruptured chordae tendineae and mitral valve prolapse are major components in the chronic valve disease process in ckcs.
Effects of bilateral ovariectomy via colpotomy in mares: 23 cases (1984–1990)
Authors: Hooper R. Neil , Taylor Tex S. , Varner Dickson D. , Blanchard Terry L. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Postoperative performance and behavioral patterns were investigated retrospectively in 23 client-owned mares after bilateral ovariectomy via colpotomy. The interval from surgery to postoperative inquiries ranged from 9 to 67 months. Information obtained from review of the medical record and client interviews included the reason for ovariectomy, postoperative complications, problems identified by owners after discharge of the mare from the hospital, postoperative level of athletic performance, postoperative signs of estrus, and overall owner satisfaction. Reasons given by owners for having mares ovariectomized were behavioral modification (16 mares), use as embryo-transfer recipients (3 mares), use as mount mares for collecting semen (2 mares), elimination of chronic colic during estrus (1 mare), and sterilization for registration (1 mare). Postoperative complications developed in 4% (1/23) of the mares; however, problems were noticed by the owners of 4 other mares after discharge from the hospital. Continuing signs of behavioral estrus were detected in 35% (8/23) of the mares, but in only in 9% (2/23) was the behavior judged to be objectionable by the owner. Of 12 mares used in performance events prior to bilateral ovariectomy, 10 were judged to be competing at greater than preoperative levels, 1 was judged to be competing at the same level, and 1 was judged to be competing at less than preoperative level of performance. Of 18 owners, 14 were satisfied, 2 were undecided, and 2 were dissatisfied with their mare after it had had bilateral ovariectomy.
Displacement of the tendon of the superficial digital flexor muscle in dogs: 10 cases (1983–1991)
Authors: Mauterer John V. , Prata Raymond G. , Carberry Carol A. , Schrader Steven C. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Displacement of the tendon of the superficial digital flexor muscle was diagnosed in 9 dogs (10 tarsi). Four of 10 displacements occurred in Shetland Sheepdogs. All dogs had an acute onset of lameness with swelling over the proximal end of the tuber cal-canei. Lateral displacement occurred in 8 tarsi and medial displacement in 2 tarsi. Nonsurgical treatment (exercise restriction, bandaging, and administration of anti-inflammatory medication) was ineffective in the 5 dogs in which it was attempted. Surgical reconstruction of the supporting soft tissues resulted in return to normal function in 9 cases available for follow-up evaluation.
Small-intestinal volvulus in cattle: 35 cases (1967–1992)
Authors: Anderson David E. , Constable Peter D. , Jean Guy St. , Hull Bruce L. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Medical records of 35 cattle with small-intestinal volvulus were reviewed. Surgical correction was performed on 32 cattle, and 17 of these cattle were discharged from the hospital. Mean duration of clinical signs for survivors was not significantly different from that for nonsurvivors, and the most commonly recorded clinical signs were abdominal pain, anorexia, lethargy, abdominal distention, and dehydration. Physical examination of cattle with intestinal volvulus revealed tachycardia, tachypnea, and nor-mothermia. Rectal examination findings included distended small intestine, scant feces or mucus, and tight bands coursing dorsoventrally in the middle portion of the abdomen. Clinicopathologjc testingre-vealed azotemia, hypocalcemia, hyperglycemia, and leukocytosis with a left shift. Nonsurvivors had significantly lower mean preoperative venous blood phi and mean base excess and higher mean serum potassium concentration than did survivors.
A diagnosis of volvulus of the entire small intestine was made during surgery in 25 cattle, whereas volvulus of the distal jejunum and ileum was diagnosed during surgery in 7 cattle. Survival rate following surgical correction of volvulus of the entire small intestine (44%) was not significantly different from survival rate following surgical correction of volvulus of the distal jejunum and ileum (86%). However, survival rate for dairy cattle (63%) was significantly higher than survival rate for beef cattle (22%).
To determine potential risk factors for the development of small-intestinal volvulus, epidemiologic data from cattle admitted to veterinary teaching hospitals throughout North America were collected by searching records entered into the Veterinary Medical Data Base. Between 1967 and 1991, 190 of 242,745 cattle had small-intestinal volvulus. Surgical correction was performed in 130 cattle, and 75 cattle were discharged from the hospital Among cattle seen at veterinary teaching hospitals, dairy cattle had an increased risk of developing small-intestinal volvulus, compared with beef cattle, and cattle > 7 years old had a decreased risk, compared with cattle < 2 months old. Female cattle were more likely to suffer from intestinal volvulus than were male cattle.
Isolation of multiple Salmonella serovars from a dairy two years after a clinical salmonellosis outbreak
Authors: Gay J. M. , Hunsaker M. E. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Samples were obtained for bacteriologic culturing of salmonellae from cows and calves on, and the environment of, a large California dairy that used free-stall housing and a flush system for manure handling. Two years previously, the dairy had an outbreak of clinical salmonellosis in the lactating herd; however, since that time, it had not had problems with clinical salmonellosis. On the basis of mean annual milk production per cow, this dairy was consistently ranked in the top 25% of dairies in the area enrolled in the Dairy Herd Improvement Association. Results of bacteriologic culture of 76% (108/142) of environmental samples and 48% (639/1,339) of fecal samples were positive for salmonellae. Eighty-two percent of the isolates were serovar C1, subclassified as Salmonella montevideo, and 17% were serovar E. Results of bacteriologic culture of 85% of samples of recycled flush water being pumped into the free-stall alleys were positive, as were results of bacteriologic culture of 78% of samples of herd bulk milk filters, 97% of fecal samples collected from calves being fed nonsalable milk, and 25% of fecal samples collected from cows at the time of breeding. These findings suggest that freedom from clinical salmonellosis and comparatively high measures of herd performance do not indicate the absence of salmonellae from a premises, and that hardy infectious agents transmitted by ingestion of feces can become established in the environment of modern free-stall dairies that use recycled water in their manure flush systems.