bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
m
Authors: Feather Leonard , Gitler Ira 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Mabern, harold jr., pno, comp; b. Memphis, TN, 3/20/36. Started on dms., pl. w. Frank Strozier while in hs. Pursued serious pno. study after hearing Phineas Newborn Jr. Moved to Chi. 1954; pl. w. Morris Ellis bb; Walter Perkins’ MJT+3; Bob Cranshaw; Frank Strozier; Bobby Bryant; Willie Thomas. Moved to NYC ’59; pl. w. Harry “Sweets” Edison ’59; Lionel Hampton ’60; Art Farmer–Benny Golson Jazztet ’61–2; Roy Haynes, Irene Reid, Arthur Prysock ’62; Miles Davis in Calif.; J. J. Johnson ’63–5; Wes Montgomery ’64; Joe Williams ’66–7; Lee Morgan ’67; Walter Bolden Trio ’73–4. Member of Stanley Cowell’s 7-pno. Piano Choir ’70. Pl. and/or rec. in ’70s w. George Coleman; Danny Moore; Billy Harper; Roy Haynes; Freddie Hubbard; R. R. Kirk; Hank Mobley; Clark Terry; Joe Newman; and many others. Regular member of G. Coleman’s qt. since the ’80s. Taught pno. and improv. at William Paterson Coll. since ’71. In ’90 and ’91 Mabern toured Japan w. the 100 Gold Fingers of Jazz, a gp. comprising 10 top jazz pnsts. “Music is my love,” says Mabern. “I never take it for granted.” A strong bebop-based, blues-grounded player, he has been unjustly neglected through much of his career. Favs: Phineas Newborn Jr., Ahmad Jamal; arr: Thad Jones. Polls: BMI Jazz Pioneer. Fests: Eur., Jap. w. Coleman, J. Newman. TV: Jazz Set w. Bobbi Humphrey ’71; Soul w. Lucky Thompson ’70s. CDs: Col.; Sack.; Prest.; w. G. Coleman (Evid.); Betty Carter (Cap.); Lee Morgan; Mobley; Hubbard (BN); J. J. Johnson (Imp.); Contemp. Pno Ens. (Evid.; Col.); Cecil Payne; Jimmy Forrest; Eric Alexander (Del.); Kirk (Merc.); Strozier; Louis Smith (Steep.); J. Griffin (Gal.); G. Benson (CTI).
u
Authors: Feather Leonard , Gitler Ira 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ulano, sam (solomon paul), dms; b. NYC, 8/12/20. Brother Ben pl. acdn.; a niece, Ellen Payne, is prof. concert vlnst. Stud. dms. and tympani at Harlem Sch. of Mus. 1935. Pl. w. army band in Hawaii and Japan ’42–6. Owned drm. shop in NYC ’46–70. Taught at NY Coll. of Mus. ’52–62. Wrote articles for Int’l Musician mag early ’50s and later for Big Bands mag. Pl. w. Bill Snyder ’56–60; Tony Parenti–Dick Wellstood at Metropole Café, NYC ’60–4; Sol Yaged ’64–75; own gp. at Gaslight club ’75–80; Max Kaminsky at Eddie Condon’s late ’70s; own qt. at Red Blazer ’87–92; Bob Cantwell’s NY Stompers fr. ’89. Ulano led a 9–pc. band, Sammy’s Double-Dixie Band, at the Red Blazer fr. ’92. Ulano is the subject of a biographical docu. film, Mr. Rhythm ’93. He has produced instructional material for dmrs., incl. books and videos, and publ. a magazine, Drum Files Revisited. Favs: Buddy Rich, Gene Krupa, Max Roach, Louis Bellson, Philly Joe Jones, Sid Catlett, Tony Briglia. Film: Mr. Rhythm. TV: Garry Moore, Ernie Kovacs, Steve Allen, Shari Lewis ’50s-’60s; Cerebral Palsy telethons w. Yaged ’67–70; Joe Franklin ’80s; David Letterman ’92. LPs: Lane; w. S. Yaged (Lane).
v
Authors: Feather Leonard , Gitler Ira 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
VachÉ, warren webster jr., crnt, tpt, flg, pno; b. Rahway, NJ, 2/21/51. Father, Warren, is bs. and jazz writer; bro. Allan pl. cl., sax w. Jim Cullum band in Tex. Began on pno., then sw. to brass instr. in elem. sch. Stud. w. Jim Fitzpatrick, then at Montclair St. Coll.; w. Pee Wee Erwin 1970–80. First gigs in N.J. w. father. Pl. w. NYJRC at Carnegie Hall, recreating solos of Bix Beiderbecke ’75; Benny Goodman off and on ’75–85; house band at Eddie Condon’s ’76–9; Scott Hamilton fr. ’76; Concord Super Band ’79–82; Concord All-Stars fr. ’79; Geo. Wein’s Festival All-Stars fr. ’84. Played, led orch. for, and co-produced w. Ira Gitler Swing: 40 and Over for JVC-NY ’91. Vaché acted and pl. in the ’85 film The Gig. He coached actor Richard Gere for his role as a tpt. player in the film The Cotton Club and was mus. dir. for the stage revival of Private Lives starring Richard Burton and Elizabeth Taylor. Fests: all major fr. ’75. TV: Today. CDs: Conc.; N-H; Zephyr; Aud.; w. H. Alden; Dan Barrett; R. Clooney; Conc. All-Stars; S. Hamilton; W. Herman; NJF All-Stars; Geo. Shearing (Conc.); B. Goodman (Lond.); Bobby Short; G. Mulligan (Tel.); D. Hyman (MM); Judy Carmichael (Jazz.); G. Wein (Col.); B. Goodman (Verve; Lond.).
w
Authors: Feather Leonard , Gitler Ira 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Wadenius, georg, gtr, bs; b. Stockholm, Sweden, 5/4/45. Professional debut in Sweden 1968. Came to US to join Blood Sweat & Tears ’72 and tour. w. the gp. internationally. CDs: w. Blood, Sweat & Tears (Col.); Ronnie Cuber (Steep.; ProJazz; Mile.); Howard Johnson (Verve); Dexter Gordon (Steep.); Joe Henderson (Mile.).
Averroes on the Active Intellect as the Cause of Human Thought
Authors: Davidson Herbert A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although he repeatedly revised his position on the active intellect’s role as a cause of sublunar existence, Averroes remained firm throughout his career regarding the active intellect’s nature. Like his predecessors among the Arabic Aristotelians, he consistently construed it as an incorporeal substance transcending the human soul; and he took for granted that it is the last link—or, in his Long Commentary on the De anima, which raises the material intellect to the status of the last of the eternal incorporeal substances, the penultimate link-in the hierarchy of incorporeal intelligences.
Emerging Viruses in Context: An Overview of Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers
Authors: Johnson Karl M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Viral hemorrhagic fever is itself an emergent concept: a product of events of the twentieth century, albeit some of the diseases we recognize as such today were clearly known to man many centuries ago (Gajdusek, 1962). They were all zoonotic infections and this fact, together with the violent ongoing ecological change that has occurred on this planet since the end of World War II and the emergence of modern virological science, has led to a perception that these are “ emerging” diseases. If this is true in one sense, it is important to realize that from the viewpoint of the agents them selves, it is plainly not so. The viruses almost surely antedate our species. I confess to some difficulty in understanding what was meant by “ emerging” . Webster’ s Unabridged Dictionary, as usual, came to the rescue. The word is from the Latin emergere. Definitions cited include “ to reveal itself to notice so as to call for immediate attention” , “ to issue from an inferior or obscure condition.” On the same page I found another word, a deletion mutant, if you will, emerere, whence emeritus, “ To serve out one’ s term.” Thus, you confront here emergent viruses surveyed by an emeritus virologist.
Factors Restraining Emergence of New Influenza Viruses
Authors: Murphy Brian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Thesegmented genome of influenza viruscanreadilyundergo reassortment, an exchange of genes between two virus strains coinfecting a cell at the same time. As Webster discusses in Chapter 4, the evolution of new pandemic influenza A strains appears to result from reassortment of genes of human and avian influenza A viruses. The emergence of new pandemic influenza strains is rare and has occurred most recently in 1918, 1957, and 1968. Avian influenza viruses are very common. It is likely that virtually every one of the enormous number of ducks in the world becomes infected. Human influenza is also common, with an estimated 100,000,000 infections in humans annually. Both ducks and primates can be hosts for coinfection by two influenza strains, both being susceptible, at least experimen tally, to infection with a number of different influenza strains of either avian or mammalian origin. Avian influenza viruses normally replicate in both the respiratory tract and the gut of infected waterfowl, with prolonged virus shedding and little overt disease. Most human influenza virus strains do not replicate efficiently in the intestinal tract of ducks, but can infect their respiratory tract. Considering this enormous potential for gene exchange between avian and human viruses to occur, why do pandemic influenza viruses emerge only infrequently? The question is crucial because, given the many opportunities for new influenza reassortants to arise, the factors that prevent a new avian-human influenza A virus reassortant from efficiently infecting humans may well be the major determinants of whether a pandemic can occur. In this chapter, I will consider possible answers.
The Jazz Revolution
Authors: Ogren Kathy J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The 1920s were not called the Jazz Age for nothing. Celebrated by writers from Langston Hughes to Gertrude Stein, jazz was the dominant influence on American popular music, despite resistance from whites who distrusted its vibrant expression of black culture and by those opposed to the overt sexuality and raw emotion of the `devil’s music’. As Kathy Ogren shows, the breathless pace and syncopated rhythms were as much a part of twenties America as Prohibition and the economic boom, which enabled millions throughout the states to enjoy the latest sounds on radios and phonographs.
“Comin’ Down The Same Drain”; Performance Practice Of Bluesman, Minstrels, And Jazzman
Authors: Ogren Kathy J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Obviously a music in which blacks were the primary creators and whites often the imitators. Black and white musicians generally did not play in the same ensembles during jazz’s formative years, although performers often heard each other’s performances. Equally obvious, jazz was a music of raw emotions-of hard luck and good times, of lust and loneliness. At first, neither jazz nor the places where it was played fell under the control of respectable whites. The morally and culturally subversive aspects of jazz stirred anxieties that fueled a long-running public controversy in the 1920s. Understanding the debate over jazz enables us to journey into the past meaning of the music for those who played and heard it and-equally significant-to a deeper knowledge of American values in a time of transition.
“All The Lights Were Tinted Green Or Red”; Location And Setting For Jazz Performance
Authors: Ogren Kathy J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Primed for jazz entertainment. All the locations associated with jazz in the 1920s represented a transition between turn-of-· the-century working-class entertainment and new middle-class urban leisure activities. The brothel, bawdy house, and honkytonk gave way to the cabaret and nightclub. Some jazz locations also developed in response to the needs of black migrants from the South. These environments can be seen as marginal zones in which patrons, particularly from the middle class, could escape normative social expectations and experiment with new public roles. Just as performances on the streets and in honky-tonks or strid piano bars helped shape early ragtime and jazz, so too, did new locations in the urban areas shape exchanges between performers and audiences.
Prudes And Primitives: White Americans Debate Jazz
Authors: Ogren Kathy J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Idealism through symmetrical patterns, represented in music by the relationship of melody, harmony, and rhythm. Jazz, to them, had simplistic melodies and syncopated rhythms characteristic of popular, and therefore inferior, music. They did not conceive of it as an alternative aesthetic. American composer and critic Virgil Thomson took jazz seriously enough to analyze its formal qualities. But he also saw it invading American preserves of decency and decorum. According to Thomson, the spread of jazz took place largely because of the popularity of dancing. He singled out the fox trot as a symbol of the “disturbance that shook all of polite society when the lid of segregation was taken off of vice and the bordello irrupted into the drawing room.”40 According to Thomson, jazz passed into orchestra sensibilities because of “union musicians who play one night at the movie, and the next night with the local symphony orchestra,” and thereby get the styles confused.
Prologue: Standing in the Legend
Authors: Findly Ellison Banks 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This is the story of an immigrant girl from Kandahar, born on a caravan traveling from Tehran to India. Noble in lineage, her parents had fled misfortune in Persia but soon flourished again at the Mughal court of Akbar. Married early to a Turkish soldier, Mihrunnisa was widowed in 1607 and was taken in as a handmaiden by the imperial harem in Agra. After four years of obscurity, the woman who came to be Nur Jahan met Jahangir at a palace bazaar in the spring of 1611 and the two were married a few months later. She was in her midthirties, had already had one child, and was to be Jahangir’s last and most influential wife. Almost at once, Nur Jahan and her cohorts took control of the government as Jahangir bowed to the effects of alcohol and opium. She minted coins, traded with foreign merchants, managed promotions and finances at the court, orchestrated new developments in art and religion, and laid out many of the Mughal gardens we now know. Her power over the emperor and in government affairs was almost complete, but came at the cost of internal tensions. Midway through the reign, her stepson Shah Jahan went into open rebellion and her ruling coalition fell apart as the couple increasingly spent their months in Kashmir. By the time Jahangir died in 1627, splintering at the familial center was so substantial that she had no real chance for power in the next reign. Nur Jahan was exiled to Lahore where she lived in seclusion with her daughter until her death in 1645.
Basic Concepts
Authors: Norell Staffan E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1753, James Lind described the occurrence of scurvy in relation to environmental conditions and dietary habits on board the ship Salisbury. On the basis of these observations, he conducted experimental studies showing that scurvy could be prevented and successfully treated by adding oranges and lemons to the diet (Lind 1753). But long before Lind’s discovery, Hippocrates (about 460-377 B.c.) in his famous “Airs, waters, and places” mentioned observations about environmental factors and disease occurrence as a basis for making predictions and securing health (Jones 1948).
Asking the Right Questions
Authors: Norell Staffan E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“What are the causes of disease?” An obvious purpose of asking and trying to answer this question is to understand how disease arises (a scientific purpose). In addition, there are practical purposes: to prevent the occurrence of disease (a purpose of preventive medicine and public health) and to provide effective treatment of disease (a purpose of clinical medicine). An early example of the closeness between epidemiologic science, prevention, and treatment is found in Goldberger’s studies of pellagra in 1914–1929 (Terris 1964).
Obtaining Information on Exposures
Authors: Norell Staffan E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Information should be obtained on exposures, including potential con founders and factors that could influence misclassification or selection. Information should also be obtained on modifiers. As a first step, each exposure of interest is defined. Sometimes the theoretical definition should be supplemented by an empirical definition (or indicator), to be used as a basis for the collection of exposure information ( cf. Chapter 1: Misclassification). For each exposure, at least two categories are defined: “exposed” and “unexposed.” Different aspects of the exposure may have to be taken into account (cf. Chapter 2, Introduction: Exposure).
Associated Buildings
Authors: Hamilton C Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Four types of specialized church buildings made their appearance in the nineteenth century: the endowment house, the priesthood hall, the Relief Society hall, and the tithing office. Each was built in response to a specific liturgical, administrative, or auxiliary need. The endowment house and the priesthood hall were exclusive to the nineteenth century, while the Relief Society hall and the tithing office continued to function into the early decades of the twentieth. Eventually, each was abandoned because of the completion of the temples, changes in church practices, and the expanded role of meetinghouses.
Domestic Architecture
Authors: Hamilton C Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Mormonism and the concept of Zion, the family is central. Church doctrine pertaining to the family is based on the continuation of the family unit after death, and to Mormons, eternal life is the opportunity to live with God as a family unit. Because of this eternal emphasis, the home takes on an even greater meaning to the Mormons than it does in most societies. Their children are nurtured and instructed in the teachings and practices of the church to prepare them to be the next generation of faithful members. However, the importance affixed to the family was not necessarily translated into significant domestic architecture. For the most part, the Saints’ early designs were based more on existing vernacular forms than on current stylistic trends, yet they were a vital aspect of nineteenth-century Mormon history and material culture.
Peripheral Buildings
Authors: Hamilton C Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The emphasis that the church leaders placed on education, cultural pursuits, and civic involvement was integral to the success of “the Kingdom of God.” And the strong focus on these activities resulted in other building types. By the 1850s and 1860s, schools, theaters, and civic buildings were being added to the ecclesiastical vocabulary of temples, tabernacles, and meetinghouses. Based primarily on economy of construction and practical functionalism, these structures were for the most part not architecturally distinguished. Vernacular became the accepted form, consistent with much of Mormon architecture before the death of Brigham Young in 1877. Even so, these buildings were an important part of nineteenth-century Mormon architecture.
Malignancies
Authors: Stiller Charles A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although the incidence of cancer in childhood is very low compared with that among adults, it accounts for a substantial proportion of deaths among children in industrialized countries. In England and Wales during 1989, the agestandardized mortality rate for neoplasms among children aged 1 to 14 was 40 per million. Neoplasms were certified as the underlying cause of 16% of all deaths in this age range, making them the second most important cause of death after accidents. All but 3% were malignant.
Representation of Ethnicity Among Colonial Pennsylvania Germans
Authors: Parsons William T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ethnicity among the German element of Pennsylvania must be judged against a value system different from those held by other ethnic groups in the commonwealth. The fact was that no unified political Germany existed in modem Europe until 1871. So when German ethnic settlement began in Pennslyvania in 1683, it recollected a cultural and linguistic base rather than a political framework
Psychological Impact of Genetic Testing
Authors: Lerman Robert T Croyle Caryn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Our knowledge of hereditary disease has increased dramatically in the past two decades (see Table 2.1). In addition, advances in molecular biology have led to the identification of genes for disease susceptibility and DNA-based diagnostic tests for identifying carriers of deleterious genes. As a result, programs for genetic screening and counseling have become widespread. The provision of genetic information in medical practice has the potential to facilitate patients’ informed decision making about reproduction and personal risk modification. As such, these advances have profound implications for reducing the incidence of genetic disorders and for reducing morbidity and mortality through early detection of disease in individuals at risk.
Toward an Understanding of the Psychological Conse quences of Screening
Authors: Marteau Theresa M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Studies of the psychological effects of screening reveal some unexpected findings. The emotional impact of screening in high-risk groups for conditions for which no treatment is available is often less severe than expected. By contrast, high levels of distress are evident in people recalled on population-based screening programs. Attempts to reduce or keep risks low by encouraging people to alter their behavior following screening have not been very successful. That these findings have caused some surprise suggests a need to develop better models from which to understand and predict responses to receipt of information about threats to health.
Chapter 04
Authors: Stannard David E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In The Area around the town of Barquicimeto, in the lowlands near the northern coast of Venezuela, a mysterious fire like a will o’ the wisp sometimes seems to be burning in the marshes. It is, tradition has it, the “soul of the traitor Lope de Aguirre [who] wanders in the savannahs, like a flame that flies the approach of men.”
Women’s Rights and States’ Rights: Dissension zn “the Solid South”
Authors: Wheeler Marjorie Spruill 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The leaders of the woman suffrage movement in the South had much in common: a similar lineage, a heritage of noblesse oblige, a high estimate of the nature and potential of women, and a determination to improve woman’s position in society. They differed on the race issue, but all believed that white supremacy in politics was a necessity in their time. And they presented a united front to a public much concerned about “the negro problem.”
Bitter Fruit: An Incomplete Victory, Courtesy of Uncle Sam
Authors: Wheeler Marjorie Spruill 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As the end of the long struggle for woman suffrage approached, those who opposed the Nineteenth Amendment were bitter, disappointed in their fellow suffragists, and dismayed that the success of the reform to which they had devoted so many years helped undermine another cherished political ideal—state sovereignty. Most Southern suffragists, however, were jubilant at the ratification, though their celebration was dampened by the fact that so many of them had to be enfranchised by courtesy of Uncle Sam. In the states that refused to ratify, suffragists ruefully acknowledged their failure to win recognition of the political equality of women at home. Their experience in the ratification fight further alienated them from the concept of state sovereignty, which Southern politicians were upholding so selectively. Indignant that their bid for recognition as “fit” voters had been rebuffed, they accused the politicians of wanting to withhold from women what the women most desired, the power to promote “justice” in their states and region. Most Southern suffragists were convinced that in its attitude toward women’s rights as well as toward states’ rights, the South must divest itself of “moss-backed traditions” and look to the future instead of the past.
The Regional Impact Of Global Warming In Mexico: Uncertainty, Vulnerability And Response
Authors: Liverman Diana 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores what global warming may signify for Mexico, a country with the eleventh largest population and thirteenth largest land area in the world. It will use the case of Mexico to argue that understanding and responding to the regional impacts of global warming requires not only the best possible estimates of how the climate will change, but also a detailed analysis of the vulnerability of society to these changes. The impacts of a climate change on environment and society are determined as much, if not more, by the characteristics of the regions and people affected as by the nature of the climate change itself.