bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nontypeable
Haemophilus influenzae
Strain 2019 Produces a Biofilm Containing
N
-Acetylneuraminic Acid That May Mimic Sialylated O-Linked Glycans
Authors: Greiner L. L. , Watanabe H. , Phillips N. J. , Shao J. , Morgan A. , Zaleski A. , Gibson B. W. , Apicella M. A. 
Published: June 2004

ABSTRACT

Previous studies suggested that nontypeable
Haemophilus influenzae
(NTHI) can form biofilms during human and chinchilla middle ear infections. Microscopic analysis of a 5-day biofilm of NTHI strain 2019 grown in a continuous-flow chamber revealed that the biofilm had a diffuse matrix interlaced with multiple water channels. Our studies showed that biofilm production was significantly decreased when a chemically defined medium lacking
N
-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid) was used. Based on these observations, we examined mutations in seven NTHI strain 2019 genes involved in carbohydrate and lipooligosaccharide biosynthesis. NTHI strain 2019 with mutations in the genes encoding CMP-
N
-acetylneuraminic acid synthetase (
siaB
), one of the three NTHI sialyltransferases (
siaA
), and the undecaprenyl-phosphate α-
N
-acetylglucosaminyltransferase homolog (
wecA
) produced significantly smaller amounts of biofilm. NTHI strain 2019 with mutations in genes encoding phosphoglucomutase (
pgm
), UDP-galactose-4-epimerase, and two other NTHI sialyltransferases (
lic3A
and
lsgB
) produced biofilms that were equivalent to or larger than the biofilms produced by the parent strain. The biofilm formed by the NTHI strain 2019
pgm
mutant was studied with
Maackia amurensis
fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated and
Sambucus nigra
tetramethyl rhodamine isocyanate (TRITC)-conjugated lectins.
S. nigra
TRITC-conjugated lectin bound to this biofilm, while
M. amurensis
FITC-conjugated lectin did not.
S. nigra
TRITC-conjugated lectin binding was inhibited by incubation with α2,6-neuraminyllactose and by pretreatment of the biofilm with
Vibrio cholerae
neuraminidase. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization—time of flight mass spectometry analysis of lipooligosaccharides isolated from a biofilm, the planktonic phase, and plate-grown organisms showed that the levels of most sialylated glycoforms were two- to fourfold greater when the lipooligosaccharide was derived from planktonic or biofilm organisms. Our data indicate that NTHI strain 2019 produces a biofilm containing α2,6-linked sialic acid and that the sialic acid content of the lipooligosaccharides increases concomitant with the transition of organisms to a biofilm form.
Multivariate Analysis of Cytokine Responses Identifies Distinctive Sensitivities to Lipopolysaccharide in Humans
Authors: Duncan David D. , Tiberio Lorrie , Eldridge John H. 
Published: June 2004

ABSTRACTWe describe methods to identify high and low responders in a whole-blood assay of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cytokine responses. Two multivariate measures of the cytokine responses both captured high and low responses for each of the four individual cytokines that were assayed.
Chlamydia trachomatis
Lacks an Adaptive Response to Changes in Carbon Source Availability
Authors: Nicholson Tracy L. , Chiu Karen , Stephens Richard S. 
Published: June 2004

ABSTRACT

Most bacteria coordinately regulate gene expression as an adaptive response to a variety of environmental changes. One key environmental cue is the carbon source necessary for central metabolism. We used microarray analysis to monitor the global transcriptional response of the obligate intracellular pathogen
Chlamydia trachomatis
to the presence of glycolytic and gluconeogenic carbon sources. In contrast to free-living bacteria, changing the carbon source from glucose to glutamate or α-ketoglutarate had little effect on the global gene transcription of
C. trachomatis
.
Function of the Fibronectin-Binding Serum Opacity Factor ofStreptococcus pyogenesin Adherence to Epithelial Cells
Authors: Oehmcke Sonja , Podbielski Andreas , Kreikemeyer Bernd 
Published: June 2004

ABSTRACTThe serum opacity factor (SOF) ofStreptococcus pyogenesis a serotyping tool and pathogenesis factor. Using SOF-coated latex beads in cell adherence assays and antiserum directed against SOF inS. pyogenes-HEp-2 cell adherence inhibition experiments, we demonstrate SOF involvement in the fibronectin-mediated adherence ofS. pyogenesto epithelial cells. SOF exclusively targets the 30-kDa N-terminal region of fibronectin. The interaction revealed association and dissociation constants 1 order of magnitude lower than those of otherS. pyogenesfibronectin-binding proteins.
NOTE ON HYDROGENIC ATOMIC ORBITALS TO EVALUATE SENSITIVE PROPERTIES OF MOLECULES: AN EXAMPLE OF NMR CHEMICAL SHIFTS
Authors: HOGGAN P. E. 
Published: June 2004

Now that the problems surrounding ab initio calculations over a Slater Type Orbital basis have been solved, it is available in several software packages. For general structures the STOP package (Slater Type Orbital Package) has offered ab initio SCF molecular properties since 1996, the requisite integrals all being evaluated analytically, including the four center term available since 1994. SMILES (Slater Molecular Integrals for Large Electronic Systems) has offered various basis sets, geometry optimization and CI since 2001. For density functional work, ADF, the Amsterdam Density Functional suite of programs, is a project dating from the 1970s with a 2003 edition. In this work the preferred ETOs (Exponential Type Orbitals) will be shown to be the hydrogenic orbitals and similar Coulomb Sturmians. Slater Type Functions (STFs) will be compared to them and suitable equivalent combinations, which are rarely used, given. The correct shielding of the nucleus, resulting from radial factors of hydrogenic orbitals is shown to be essential in the evaluation of precise nuclear shielding tensors for NMR spectroscopy of molecules using ab initio or DFT methods. The case study of benzothiazoles using natural abundance 15N is re-examined and compared with previous work including measurements.
"For His Correction and as a Deterrent Example For Others" Mehmed Alī's First Criminal Legislation (1829-1830)
Authors: Peters Rudolph 
Published: June 2004

AbstractUntil now, the first criminal legislation promulgated by Mehmed Alī has been available only in an unreliable Arabic summary. In this essay, I edit and translate the original Ottoman Turkish text, as found in the Egyptian National Archive. The edition and translation are preceded by an analysis of the code in which I argue (1) that this code is best regarded as an expression of Mehmed Alī's attempt to centralize and rationalize the governmental apparatus and the administration of justice, in order to tighten his control over Egypt; and (2) that the document can be read as an articulation of the perceived social distance between the Turkish-speaking ruling class and other groups in Egyptian society.
Tiele On Religion
Authors: Molendijk Arie 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThis essay explores C.P. Tiele's concept of religion. After a sketch of his place in early Dutch science of religion (I), an outline is given of the main theme in Tiele's discussion of religion — the relationship between outside ("dogma and ritual") and inside ("inner conviction") (II). The most voluminous part of the essay (III) elaborates on this topic by giving a detailed analysis of Tiele's Gifford Lectures. The structure of this magnum opus is unravelled, which enables one to better discern the different angels from which Tiele approached his subject matter. The metaphor of outside manifestations, which reveal the inner core, enabled him to locate religion "in the inmost depths of our souls". He claims that religion is ultimately a psychological phenomenon; its essence is "piety". We owe this insight to the new science of religion, which also shows that the religious need is the "mightiest" and most profound of all human needs.
Recolonisation by nematodes of hot water treated cooking banana planting material in Uganda
Authors: Elsen Annemie , Goossens Ben , Belpaire Barbara , Neyens Annemie , Speijer Paul , De Waele Dirk 
Published: June 2004

Abstract
In East Africa, the cooking bananas (Musa spp., AAA group, subgroup Matoke)
are the major food crop. Yields are decreasing due to increasing damage
caused by a complex of pests and diseases, including plant-parasitic
nematodes. Planting of infected material is the principle means of dispersal
for these nematodes. An option to control the nematodes in planting material
is hot water treatment but the benefits depend on the rate of
recolonisation. Therefore, on-farm trials were carried out at five
localities representing Musa production systems in Uganda. Hot water
treatment of planting material slowed down build-up of Radpholus similis at
least until 30 months after planting. This was not only the case for the
treated mother plants but also for the suckers that developed from these
mother plants. A similar trend was observed for Helicotylenchus
multicinctus. Hot water treatment also slowed down the build-up of
Pratylenchus goodeyi but this effect was less pronounced.
Comparison of alanine aminopeptidase activities in Heterodera glycines and Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Masler Edward 
Published: June 2004

AbstractAminopeptidases in whole body homogenates of Caenorhabditis elegans and Heterodera glycines were detected using a colorimetric assay with a series of seven aminoacyl p-nitroanilide substrates. Enzyme properties evaluated included substrate preference and stability in response to metal salts, alcohols and storage. The preferred substrate for both species was Ala-pNA, but C. elegans had a much broader substrate range than H. glycines. All substrates were more active in C. elegans than in H. glycines homogenates, except Pro-pNA which was three times more active than in H. glycines. Ca 2+, Mg 2+ and Zn 2+ inhibited C. elegans activity in a dose responsive manner but had little effect on H. glycines aminopeptidase, and Co 2+ was mildly inhibitory in both species. Ethanol inhibited both C. elegans and H. glycines aminopeptidases but methanol inhibited only H. glycines and increased C. elegans activity. Heterodera glycines aminopeptidase was more stable at room temperature than C. elegans.
The Right to Cross-Examine Witnesses – Case Law under the European Convention on Human Rights
Authors:   Holdgaard
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe subject of this article is the right to cross-examine witnesses as laid down in Article 6 paragraph 3(d) of the European Convention on Human Rights. Case law of the European Court and Commission of Human Rights shows that general principles are applied by the Convention organs. Thus, it is practicable – in more general terms – to outline some acceptable possibilities of using statements made to the police or in court before the beginning of the hearing without violating the fair hearing requirement in Article 6.
Cryopreserved rat, dog and monkey hepatocytes: measurement of drug metabolizing enzymes in suspensions and cultures
Authors: Hewitt Nicola J , Utesch Dietmar 
Published: June 2004

Metabolism in fresh and cryopreserved (CP) rat, dog and monkey hepatocyte suspensions and cultures was measured using midazolam (CYP3A), tolbutamide (CYP2C), dextromethorphan (CYP2D) and p-nitrophenol (glucuronosyl S-transferases (UGT), sulphotransferases (ST)). CYP3A, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, UGT and ST enzyme functions in fresh and CP rat, dog and monkey hepatocyte suspensions were retained - CP rat hepatocytes lost some CYP2C activity but this was restored by adding NADPH or by placing the cells in culture, suggesting that the enzyme was still functional. Phase 2 activities were equivalent in fresh and CP hepatocyte suspensions. In some cases, incubation conditions increased the rate of metabolism, possibly reflecting de novo cofactor synthesis. However, this effect was substrate and species dependent and was not always the same in fresh and CP cells. CYP3A, CYP2C, CYP2D, UGT and ST activities at 24 hours of culture of rat and monkey hepatocytes were not compromised by cryopreservation. CYP3A, CYP2D but not CYP2C were lower in 24-hour cultures of CP dog hepatocytes than in fresh cells. Despite being lower than fresh cells, UGT activity in dog CP hepatocytes did not decrease from 0 to 24 hours of culture. Speciesspecific metabolism of p-nitrophenol could be demonstrated in both CP cell suspensions and cultures. In conclusion, these data suggest that the enzyme characteristics of fresh and CP hepatocytes from each species and under specific incubation conditions should be considered when carrying out metabolism studies of new compounds.
World Estimates of Hydrate Resources, Basic Properties of Hydrates, and Azerbaijan Hydrates
Authors: Lerche Ian , Bagirov Elchin 
Published: June 2004

Assessments of the available amounts of onshore and offshore hydrates have been given over the last twenty years. The first part of this paper evaluates all that is currently known about such estimates in respect of variations and also in respect of the date the estimate was made. The general conclusion is that the estimates have not yet stabilized with increasing amounts of information with time in respect of amount of hydrate resource. The second part of the paper considers the basic physical properties of hydrates, ranging from density, speed of wave propagation, stability with respect to pressure and temperature, through to composition effects. The influence of these properties on detecting hydrates and also on their long-term stability is considered, particularly with respect to climate and sea level changes with time. The third part of the paper considers an application to the offshore hydrates in the South Caspian basin, including the explosive hazard potential such hydrates provide and their ability to release copious amounts of methane into the atmosphere with time.
Activation and Impregnation of Chars — Nutshells and Pinewood Sawdust
Authors: Alvim-Ferraz Maria C.M. , Gaspar Carla M.T.B. 
Published: June 2004

The utilization of activated carbons as catalyst supports for the treatment of gaseous effluents contaminated with volatile organic compounds allows advantage to be taken both of the adsorption of the pollutant on the well-developed porous texture of activated carbons and the possibility of an efficient catalytic conversion. The step of catalyst impregnation should be optimized to obtain a catalyst dispersion compatible with good conversions at sufficiently low temperatures. Textural evolution when impregnation is performed either on the raw material or after activation of the latter has already been well studied. The work described in this paper was directed towards an analysis of the textural evolution of impregnated active carbons when the impregnation step was performed between carbonization and activation. To date, such knowledge is quite scarce. To allow comparison, impregnation with CoO, Co3O4 or CrO3 was carried out both after activation and after carbonization of nutshells and pinewood sawdust. For both raw materials, impregnation after activation involved deposition of the impregnated oxides on the internal surface of the materials thereby blocking part of the initial micro- and meso-porous textures. When impregnation was conducted after carbonization, metal species acted as catalysts during the subsequent activation step (Co3O4 being the most efficient and CrO3 the least efficient) and allowed the better development of the porous texture. In nutshell carbons, the metal species remained dispersed in micropores with a smaller volume but a larger size and in the mesoporous texture with a larger volume. Sawdust carbons retained a microporous texture with narrow pores in which the deposition of catalysts did not occur.
Effect of Gas Stirring on External Mass Transfer, Intraparticle Diffusion and Energy Consumption during Adsorption
Authors: Fadali Olfat A. 
Published: June 2004

Gas stirring was used to study the adsorption of basic dyes onto montmorillonite clay. This technique had been demonstrated previously as being more efficient than mechanical stirring. The experimental set-up employed was a fixed-bed column connected to an air-supply system with provision for controlling different airflow rates at different temperatures. The dyestuff used was Basic Red (a commercial dye). The rate of dye removal was found to increase with increasing gas flow and increasing temperature. Dye removals of 86% to 55% could be achieved for contact times of 35 min to 50 min using dye concentrations between 200 mg/l and 500 mg/l at a gas flow rate of 100 cm3/s. The calculated Langmuir constants demonstrated that clay is a favourable adsorbent for the basic dye. Compared to powdered activated carbon (PAC), the adsorption capacity of the clay was 41.3% while the relative cost of basic dye removal was 0.024-times that of PAC. The external mass-transfer coefficient (Ks) and the intraparticle diffusion rate parameter (Kp) were calculated and evaluated as functions of gas stirring and temperature. It was found that an increase in the rate of adsorption effected by gas stirring was double that obtained by increasing the temperature due to the high turbulence induced by axial and radial flow created by gas stirring. The activation energy (E) of 5.95 kcal/mol demonstrated that adsorption of the basic dye onto clay was diffusion-controlled. The energy consumption (W) for removing a known percentage of the dye was evaluated and found to correlate with the equation W = 8.56Q1.02X8.63 for 50 < Q < 100 cm3/s, where Q is the gas flow rate and X is the percentage dye removal.
Equilibrium Adsorption of Single Component and Binary Mixtures of Aromatic Compounds onto a Polyfunctional Hypercrosslinked Polymeric Adsorbent
Authors: Fuqiang Liu , Jinlong Chen , Aimin Li , Zhenghao Fei , Junjie Ge , Quanxing Zhang 
Published: June 2004

A polyfunctional hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbent, LA-8, was synthesized and characterized. It was first used to investigate the adsorption properties of 1-amino-2-naphthol-4-sulphonic acid (1,2,4-acid), including the corresponding adsorption isotherms, thermodynamics and binary competitive adsorption with 2-naphthol. The Freundlich model gave good fits to both the single and binary adsorption isotherms, indicating an endothermic and favourable adsorption process. The positive value of ΔH0 for the single solute system was in the range of 30–60 kJ/mol showing the existence of integrated processes involving chemical interaction. The values of ΔG0 demonstrated the spontaneous nature of the adsorption process while the value of ΔS0 showed increased randomness at the solid–solution interface, thereby indicating the presence of stoichiometric displacement. Both ΔH0 and ΔS0 appeared to vary linearly with increased solid loading, qe. Pre-adsorbed 2-naphthol molecules supplied another adsorption site for 1,2,4-acid, despite the existence of an antagonistic interaction with 2-naphthol. In simultaneous processes, the mechanism for 1,2,4-acid adsorption probably mainly involved van der Waals forces and hydrogen-bonding interaction. Furthermore, the adsorption of a greater amount of 2-naphthol onto the solid phase demonstrated the occurrence of interaction between the tested binary solutes. It was concluded that direct competition for adsorption sites was the dominant competitive mechanism.
Chitosan: A Natural Biopolymer for the Adsorption of Residue Oil from Oily Wastewater
Authors: Ahmad A.L. , Sumathi S. , Hameed B.H. 
Published: June 2004

Chitosan, poly-β-(1,4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-Đ-glucose ( N-deacetylated) was used as an adsorbent to adsorb the excess oil from oily wastewater. Chitosan is a biodegradable cationic biopolymer achieved by the extensive deacetylation of chitin obtained from prawn shell waste. Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is one of the major problematic oily wastewaters in Malaysia. Preliminary analysis showed that POME contains ca. 2000 mg/l residue oil. A bench-scale study of the adsorption by chitosan of residue oil in POME was conducted using a jar-test apparatus. Effects of experimental parameters such as the dosage of chitosan in powder and flake form, contact time, mixing rate, settling time and pH were studied in order to obtain the optimum conditions for the adsorption of residue oil from POME. The results obtained showed that chitosan powder, at a dosage of 0.5 g/l and employing a contact time of 15 min, a mixing rate of 100 rpm, sedimentation for 30 min and a pH value of 5.0, provided the most suitable conditions for the removal of residue oil from POME. The removal efficiencies obtained were ca. 97–99%. FT-IR spectra and SEM micrographs of chitosan before and after adsorption were presented to prove that the residue oil had been adsorbed by chitosan.
Anterior uveitis as a complication of treatment with high dose cytosine‐arabinoside
Authors: Planer David , Cukierman Tali , Liebster Diana , Ilsar Michael , Chajek‐Shaul Tova 
Published: June 2004

AbstractWe present a case of a 21‐year‐old woman suffering from diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma who developed acute anterior uveitis shortly after completing chemotherapeutic course with HYPER‐CVAD protocol (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and dexamethasone) alternating with methotrexate and high‐dose cytosine‐arabinoside (HIDAC), with poor adherence to recommended prophylactic treatment with saline eye drops. Complete resolution of her symptoms was achieved within a few days of treatment with topical steroids. To our knowledge this is the first report of acute anterior uveitis secondary to treatment with HIDAC. Differential diagnosis and a suggested mechanism are discussed. Am. J. Hematol. 76:304–306, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Efficacy of HPA‐1a (PlA1)‐negative platelets in a patient with post‐transfusion purpura
Authors: Loren Alison Wakoff , Abrams Charles S. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractPost‐transfusion purpura (PTP) is a rare form of alloimmune thrombocytopenia that is self‐limited but which carries a 10–15% mortality related to fatal hemorrhage. Immunomodulatory therapies such as plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIg) can shorten the duration of thrombocytopenia. However, in a bleeding patient with PTP, more urgent therapy may be required. Textbooks of hematology [1–3] as well as reports in the literature [4,5] suggest that patients do not respond to platelet transfusions. We report a case of PTP in a patient homozygous for HPA‐1b who suffered an intracranial hemorrhage. The patient was treated with IVIg and plasmapheresis. Because of her life‐threatening bleeding, we also transfused the patient with HPA‐1a‐negative platelets. These transfusions consistently resulted in transient improvements in her platelet counts and may have limited the degree of intracranial bleeding. Our experience suggests that transfusion of platelets that lack the offending epitope in patients with PTP may be efficacious. Am. J. Hematol. 76:258–262, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Risk of thrombosis in patients with malignancy and heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia
Authors: Opatrny Lucie , Warner Margaret N. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractHeparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a common immunological drug reaction. After exposure to heparin, some patients develop heparin dependent antibodies with no evidence of thrombosis, while others are at risk of thrombocytopenia, thrombosis, limb loss, and death. We conducted a retrospective chart review on all patients serologically positive for HIT by HPIA ELISA in a single tertiary‐care hospital, to determine whether patients with malignancy had an increased risk of thrombotic complications. Medical records of 55 patients who tested positive for HIT and met clinical criteria for HIT were analyzed. All patients had been treated with unfractionated heparin. Malignancy was diagnosed in 11 patients, either at surgery or post‐mortem examination. A higher rate of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism was observed in patients with HIT and malignant disease when compared to patients with no underlying malignancy (odds ratio 13.6, 95% CI 2.9–63.8). Am. J. Hematol. 76:240–244, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.