bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breast carcinoma in elderly women
Authors: Gennari Roberto , Curigliano Giuseppe , Rotmensz Nicole , Robertson Chris , Colleoni Marco , Zurrida Stefano , Nolè Franco , Braud Filippo de , Orlando Laura , Leonardi Maria Cristina , Galimberti Viviana , Intra Mattia , Veronesi Paolo , Renne Giuseppe , Cinieri Saverio , Audisio Riccardo A. , Luini Alberto , Orecchia Roberto , Viale Giuseppe , Goldhirsch Aron 
Published: August 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDAging remains one of the single greatest risk factors for the development of new breast carcinoma. The aim of the study was to evaluate the relation between biologic features at first diagnosis of breast carcinoma and treatment choice for postmenopausal women ≥ 50 years to optimize treatment in the elderly.METHODSThe sample included 2999 consecutive postmenopausal patients referred for surgery at the European Institute of Oncology (Milan, Italy) from April 1997 to February 2002. The patients were grouped according to age: young postmenopausal (YPM; 50–64 years, n = 2052), older postmenopausal (OPM; 65–74, n = 801), and elderly postmenopausal (EPM; ≥ 75, n = 146).RESULTSEPM patients referred to surgery had larger tumors compared with YPM patients (pT4: 6.7% vs. 2.4%) as well as greater lymph node involvement (lymph node positive: 62.5% vs. 51.3%). EPM patients showed a higher degree of estrogen and progesterone receptor expression (P < 0.01), less peritumoral vascular invasion (P < 0.01), and less HER‐2/neu expression (P < 0.01) than YPM patients. Comorbidities were more often recorded for elderly patients (72% EPM vs. 45% YPM; P < 0.001), did not influence surgical choices, and were similar across groups (breast conservation: 73.9%, 76.9%, and 72.9%, respectively). No systemic therapy (either chemotherapy or endocrine therapy) was recommended for 19.1% of the EPM compared with 5.4% and 4.7% of the two other groups.CONCLUSIONSIn spite of larger tumor size at presentation, older patients had tumors with more favorable biologic characteristics, when compared with younger postmenopausal patients. Reluctance to prescribe systemic treatments was due to the complexity of evaluation for these patients. Taking into account the data from the current study and given the climate of uncertainty regarding optimal treatment, the authors decided to individualize care on the basis of biologic characteristics, comorbidity, social support, functional status, and patient preferences. Trials of tailored adjuvant therapy should be a health care priority. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
The factor structure of the Brief Symptom Inventory: intellectual disability evidence
Authors: Kellett Stephen , Beail Nigel , Newman David W. , Hawes Annika 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe use of psychometrics to assess the mental health of people with mild intellectual disabilities is a developing field of clinical and methodological interest. The available measures however tend to be few in number, with an even smaller minority progressing through the required rigorous psychometric development process. An assessment and potential outcome measure that has begun to be employed with people with intellectual disabilities is the Brief Symptom Inventory. This study examines the construct validity of the inventory through an exploratory factor analysis, with a sample of 335 intellectually disabled participants. Eight clear and interpretable factors emerged from the factor analysis with a high degree of overlap being apparent with the original factor solution. Such factor findings do not compromise the extant composite and global psychometric measures of the inventory, namely the global severity index, positive symptom distress index and positive symptom total. The results are discussed in the context of the apparent need for conducting confirmatory factor analysis as the next stage in the psychometric evaluation and clinical evolution of the Brief Symptom Inventory. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of an imaginal provocation test to evaluate treatment for anger problems in people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Taylor John L. , Novaco Raymond W. , Guinan Claire , Street Nicola 
Published: August 2004

AbstractAnger and associated aggressive behaviour are significant clinical issues for many people with intellectual disabilities (IDs) that can lead to serious constraints to their liberty, which, in turn, adversely affects their quality of life. There is some evidence to support cognitive–behavioural anger treatment in this client group; however, anger assessment protocols for people with IDs should be diversified. In this regard, a method for anger assessment using imaginal provocation scenes was extended for use with this client population and the context in which treatment takes place. Two studies of the Imaginal Provocation Test (IPT) were conducted: the first with 48 patients examined its internal reliability and concurrent validity with anger psychometric scales; the second investigated whether it was sensitive to change associated with anger treatment in a small outcome study involving men with IDs and histories of offending. The IPT was found to successfully induce anger, be internally reliable, have strong concurrent validity and detect statistically significant changes in anger following anger treatment (N= 9), compared with a routine care waiting‐list control group (N= 8). The IPT also had value in highlighting clinical improvements for anger treatment condition participants compared with the control group. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Glasgow Social Self‐Efficacy Scale—a new scale for measuring social self‐efficacy in people with intellectual disability
Authors: Payne Richard , Jahoda Andrew 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThis paper describes the development of the Glasgow Social Self‐Efficacy Scale (GSSES) and reports preliminary details of its psychometric properties.The scale was found to have a test–retest reliability correlation coefficient of 0.90 in a sample of participants with intellectual disability. This represents strong test–retest reliability. Cronbach's α for internal reliability of GSSES was 0.78 for the 38 participants with intellectual disability and 0.90 for the 19 participants in the non‐disabled group, representing acceptable internal reliability.Significant but low concurrent validity (r = 0.42) was found for non‐disabled participants between the GSSES and a previous measure of social self‐efficacy. Although both communication skill and scores on the GSSES were associated with depression, they were not significantly correlated with each other. This suggests that the belief of a person with an intellectual disability in their social ability is distinct from their social ability as rated by others and provides support for the construct validity of social self‐efficacy in this client group.The results of these tests of reliability and validity suggest the GSSES is a useful addition to cognitive measures in people with intellectual disability. Given the small sample size, verification of its psychometric properties in larger scale studies would be beneficial. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Linking stigma to psychological distress: testing a social–cognitive model of the experience of people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Dagnan Dave , Waring Martina 
Published: August 2004

AbstractIn this study we explore the link between the social experience of people with intellectual disabilities and core cognitive process that have previously been shown to be related to a range of psychological disorders. Thirty‐nine people with intellectual disabilities completed self‐report scales measuring the perception of stigma, core negative evaluations and social comparison. Correlation analysis suggests that core negative evaluative beliefs about the self are positively associated with the experience of feeling different: a process that could be described as internalizing the experienced stigma. Relationships were also found between negative self‐evaluations and the social attractiveness dimension of the social comparison scale. Using regression techniques stigma was found to have an impact on social comparison processes that was mediated by evaluative beliefs. These findings support a social–cognitive view of the importance of the social world to people with an intellectual disability, and the psychological damage that stigmatization can cause. We discuss interventions that integrate both social and cognitive domains. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anger and aggression in people with intellectual disabilities: treatment and follow‐up of consecutive referrals and a waiting list comparison
Authors: Lindsay William R. , Allan Ronald , Parry Catherine , Macleod Fiona , Cottrell Julie , Overend Helen , Smith Anne H.W. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractBased on the work of Novaco, there have been several reports of case illustrations that develop anger management training for people with intellectual disabilities. Case reports have become increasingly sophisticated, with social validation of aggression and follow‐ups of up to 10 years. There have also been three recent outcome studies attesting to the effectiveness of anger management treatment methods. The current report uses more recently developed methods and a larger number of subjects than previous reports and presents a controlled study of these methods. Thirty‐three participants made up the treatment condition. Fourteen participants constituted a waiting list control condition, which lasted six months. Participants were assessed using a provocation inventory, anger provoking roleplays, self‐report diaries and reports of aggressive incidents. All were assessed pre‐ and post‐experimental conditions and for the treatment condition some had three, nine and 15 months follow‐up. For some participants there was a 21 and 30 month follow‐up. Control participants all went on to complete treatment. There were significant improvements in anger control on all measures. While there were significant within subject improvements on the provocation inventory, the treatment subjects did not show significant improvement over the control subjects at post‐treatment. A significantly greater percentage of control subjects committed further aggressive incidents. Taken together, the results show the positive effect of anger management training and the generalization of these effects to a reduction in the number of reported aggressive incidents. The present study is further evidence of the effectiveness of anger management training for people with intellectual disabilities. These improvements are shown not only in assessments designed to measure the effects of treatment but also in more general socially validated records of incidents of aggression. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gold and Silver Micro‐Wire Electrodes for Trace Analysis of Metals
Authors: Billon Gabriel , van den Berg Constant M. G. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractMicro‐wire electrodes were made from gold and silver wires (diameter: 25 μm; length: 3–21 mm) and sealed in a polyethylene holder; micro‐disk electrodes were made from the same wires and polished. The gold electrodes were electrochemically coated with mercury before use; the silver wires were used without coating. Comparative measurements demonstrated that the micro‐wire electrodes had much higher sensitivity, and a much (10–100×) lower limit of detection, than micro‐disk electrodes, and the sensitivity increased linearly with the area and length of the electrodes. Using a gold micro‐wire electrode of 21 mm and a deposition time of 300 s the limit of detection was 0.07 nM Pb in seawater of natural pH, compared to a limit of detection of 10 nM Pb (more than 100×greater) using a gold micro‐disk electrode of the same diameter. Using the silver micro‐wire electrode the limit of detection of lead was improved by a factor of 10 to 0.2 nM in acidified seawater. It is expected that the improved sensitivity of micro‐wire electrodes will lead to successful in situ detection of metals in natural waters.
An Electrochemical Investigation into a Series of Tricyanovinylated Pyrrole Moieties
Authors: McCormac Timothy , Farrell David , Browne Wesley , Vos Johannes G. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe electrochemical behavior of three tri‐cyanovinylated pyrrole species namely, 2‐tricyanovinyl‐pyrrole (C4H4NC5N3), 2‐tricyanovinyl‐N‐methylpyrrole (C5H6NC5N3) and 2‐tricyanovinyl‐N‐phenylpyrrole (C10H8NC5N3), has been studied. All compounds were found to exhibit both an irreversible oxidation at more positive potentials compared to the unsubstituted monomer species and a reversible reduction redox couple associated with reduction of the co‐ordinated cyano ligands. The latter reductions of the tricyanovinylated compounds to their radical anions at platinum, carbon and gold electrodes in acetonitrile solution have been studied by cyclic voltammetry, using a variety of supporting electrolytes. The half‐wave potentials for each compound were found to be dependent upon the supporting electrolyte but independent of the nature of the electrode surface. This is attributed to ion‐pairing between the anions and the alkali metal cations. The reduction based redox processes of C10H8NC5N3 and C5H6NC5N3 were found to be facile in nature and independent of both the nature of the electrolyte and electrode surface. However, the reduction of C4H4NC5N3 was found to be irreversible in nature. Attempts were made to elucidate, by both electrochemical and spectroscopic means, the structure of the products obtained upon oxidation of the tricyanovinylated compounds.
Aberrant p53 alters DNA damage checkpoints in response to cisplatin: Downregulation of CDK expression and activity
Authors: Wrighton Katharine H. , Prêle Cecilia M. , Sunters Andrew , Yeudall W. Andrew 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe p53 tumor suppressor protein is a critical mediator of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in response to genotoxic stress. Abrogation of p53 function is a major feature of tumor development and may result in a compromised DNA‐damage response. In our study, we examined the effect of expressing a human p53 cDNA, encoding a histidine to leucine amino acid substitution at codon 179 (H179L), on the ability of wild‐type p53‐containing NIH3T3 cells to respond to treatment with the chemotherapeutic cisplatin. After 72 hr of cisplatin treatment control cells underwent apoptosis preceded by a combination of S‐ and G2 arrest, as judged by flow cytometry of propidium iodide‐stained cells, and TUNEL and caspase‐3 assays. This correlated with increased expression of the pro‐apoptotic protein Bax. In contrast, cells stably expressing H179L‐p53 arrested in S‐phase following cisplatin treatment, which correlated with a marked decrease in the expression of cdc2, cyclin B1 and cyclin A, and a decrease in CDK2 and cyclin A‐associated kinase activity. Interestingly, H179L p53 expressing cells underwent apoptosis earlier than control cells, indicating that this aberrant p53 may enhance cisplatin chemosensitivity. These data suggest that dominant‐negative p53 can influence the expression and activity of CDK complexes, thereby modifying cell behavior following cisplatin‐induced genotoxicity. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proliferative activity of plasma cells is the most relevant prognostic factor in elderly multiple myeloma patients
Authors: García‐Sanz R. , González‐Fraile M.I. , Mateo G. , Hernández J.M. , López‐Berges M.C. , de las Heras N. , Fernández‐Calvo J. , Ortega F. , Portero J.A. , Bárez A. , Galende J. , Orfão A. , San Miguel J.F. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractAlthough multiple myeloma (MM) is predominantly a disease of the elderly, few studies have focused on the identification of prognostic factors in this group of patients. Four hundred twenty five MM patients >65 years were uniformly treated with chemotherapy (MP or VCMP/VBAD). Multivariate analysis identified 4 factors with independent unfavorable prognostic influence: high percentage of S‐phase bone marrow plasma cells (>2.5%); elevated β2 microglobulin (B2M) (>4 mg/L); age >80 years old; and LDH serum levels (above normal limit). The S‐phase value was the most powerful independent prognostic factor to discriminate subgroups of patients with different prognosis. Thus, 3 main risk categories could be identified according to S‐phase values: ≤1%, 1–3% and >3%, with median survivals of 34, 22 and 12 months, respectively (p < 0.0001). Our study also proved the value for elderly patients of the recently developed International Score System (ISS) based on B2M and albumin. Furthermore, the number of S‐phase cells helped to subdivide the ISS III Group identifying a subset of patients with very poor prognosis defined by an additional high S‐phase, who displayed a median survival of only 8 months. These results demonstrate that elderly patients can be accurately classified according to prognosis, which may be particularly valuable when comparing the efficacy of new treatment strategies. Moreover, our results underline the high prognostic value of proliferative activity of PC, a parameter that should be considered in routine laboratory investigations of MM. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Loss of function of vascular smooth muscle cells by nitric oxide‐dependent and ‐independent interactions with tumorigenic cells
Authors: Morissette Guillaume , Petitclerc Eric , Marceau François 
Published: August 2004

AbstractLittle is known about the interaction of tumor cells with host vascular smooth muscle cells. In reconstitution experiments, tumorigenic cell lines (including the rat hepatocarcinoma Morris 7777 and human melanoma M‐21) were cultured for 17 hr in the presence of rat aortic rings, subsequently evaluated in contractility assays (response to phenylephrine and KCl). An agonist‐independent loss of contractility was observed in rings pre‐incubated with either tumorigenic cell lines or their conditioned medium (CM). The depressing effect of Morris cells depends largely on the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in smooth muscle cells and was reversed by an inhibitor of this enzyme; iNOS immunoreactivity was verified in some muscular vessels at the periphery of tumors formed by the Morris cell line in rats. The M‐21 melanoma produces cytotoxicity in rat aortic rings (presence of single stranded DNA, cleavage of PARP, in differentiated smooth muscle only), accounting for the irreversible loss of contractility. The cytotoxicity produced by M‐21 CM is not dependent on NO. Gel filtration of CM suggests that both the iNOS‐ and cytotoxicity‐inducing substances from Morris hepatoma cells or M‐21 cells, respectively, are mainly of low molecular weight (1 kDa or less). Other cell lines derived from rat or human tumors produce minimal effects on the rat aorta smooth muscle (H4‐II‐E‐C3) or an irreversible anergy (RBL, MDA‐MB‐231, HEP‐3B, HEP G2). The results emphasize that inhibition of vascular smooth muscle is relevant to tumor biology both by modulation of tumoral hemodynamics and by influencing the state of vessel maturation. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The protective effects of melanoidins in adriamycin‐induced oxidative stress in isolated rat hepatocytes
Authors: Valls‐Bellés V , Torres MC , Muñiz P , Boix L , González‐Sanjose ML , Codoñer‐Franch P 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe importance of the antioxidants contained in foods is well recognized both for preserving the foods themselves and for supplying essential antioxidants in vivo. Among these, the melanoidins formed during food processing and storage represent a significant part of our diet, with an average intake of several grams per day. Melanoidins exhibit antioxidant properties in vitro through their protective effect against reactive oxygen species. Here we investigated the protective effect of the model glucose–glycine melanoidins on oxidative stress induced by adriamycin in hepatocytes isolated from rats. The study was performed by examining cell toxicity (lactate dehydrogenase) release in the medium, lipoperoxidation, protein oxidation, GSH and ATP levels. The addition of 50 µg glucose–glycine melanoidins to the hepatocytes treated with 25 and 75 µM of adriamycin decreased the cell oxidative damage. The cell toxicity, lipoperoxidation and the protein oxidation decreased significantly in the presence of melanoidins. The effect of melanoidins on the intracellular antioxidant GSH when co‐incubated the adriamycin–hepatocytes with melanoidins resulted in a recovery of GSH levels. Furthermore, from the study of ATP levels we found that the damage to the mitochondria induced by adriamycin is decreased in the presence of melanoidins. According to these results, we suggest that melanoidins are capable of preventing cell oxidation. Based on these mechanisms, the ingestion of melanoidins present in food could be play a role important in the prevention of oxidative damage and prevention the diseases related to free radicals. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Dietary effects on growth, plasma lipid and tissues of rats fed with non‐conventional oil of Telfairia occidentalis
Authors: Ajayi Ibironke A , Oderinde Rotimi A , Taiwo Victor O , Agbedana Emmanuel O 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe nutritional value of Telfairia occidentalis seed and seed oil available in local market was studied in rats. The average values of the proximate analysis on dry matter basis were 203 g kg−1 crude protein, 536.3 g kg−1 fat, 39 g kg−1 ash, 95 g kg−1 crude fibre and 43.7 g kg−1 carbohydrate, while the moisture content was 75 g kg−1. The mineral analyses showed that T occidentalis seeds contain potassium (3280 mg kg−1), sodium (1230 mg kg−1), magnesium (60.8 mg kg−1), calcium (60.8 mg kg−1) and iron (13.0 mg kg−1). The oil extracted from the seed sample showed physicochemical properties that suggest its suitability for edible and industrial uses. The oil contained high levels of unsaturated fatty acids, oleic and linoleic, which accounted for 63.22% of total fatty acids recovered, while palmitic acid (27.4% of the oil by weight) was the most prevalent saturated fatty acid in the oil. No trace of eleostearic acid was detected in the oil. The effect on physical appearance, weight gain, organ weight, tissue and plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels was determined in rats fed a diet containing 5% T occidentalis oil. These were compared with those of rats fed a control diet (0% T occidentalis oil) over an 8 week study period. Weekly monitoring of the rats showed good physical appearance and steady weight increase. The test rats were not anaemic and no mortality was recorded. While there was a significantly higher (p < 0.05) level of cholesterol in the heart of test rats compared with the control, there was a significantly lower (p < 0.05) plasma cholesterol level, suggesting that T occidentalis seed oil can be used to lower plasma levels of cholesterol. Histological examination of the sections of the heart, liver, kidney and spleen of the test rats revealed varying degrees of pathology. These include artherosclerotic changes in the walls of vasa vasori and lymphatics in the heart and hyaline degeneration of myofibrils, fatty infiltration of hepatocytes, and glomerular and tubular degeneration in the kidneys. These lesions may have been due to the effect of fatty acids, especially erucic acid, in the seed oil, which at 1.24% (less that the 5% conventional allowable limit for edible oils) may be intolerable for rats and may be unsuitable for human consumption. The seed oil may be used for industrial purposes such as soap making, lubrication and cosmetics for which it is well suited. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry