bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collection of MNCs with two cell separators for adoptive immunotherapy in patients with stage IV melanoma
Authors: Glaser Anke , Schuler‐Thurner Beatrice , Feuerstein Bernadette , Zingsem Jurgen , Zimmermann Robert , Weisbach Volker , Eckstein Reinhold 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: MNCs for adoptive immunotherapy may be collected by leukocytapheresis with a cell separator.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Six healthy cytapheresis donors donated two MNC concentrates on a cell separator (AS.TEC 204, Fresenius): one on the standard MNC program and one on a modified MNC program with reduced centrifuge velocity that leads to a lower platelet contamination. Seventeen patients with malignant melanoma donated 26 MNC concentrates: 5 on the AS.TEC 204 MNC program, 9 on the modified AS.TEC 204 MNC program, and 12 on another modified MNC program (Spectra, COBE).RESULTS: In the course of cultivation of MNCs to dendritic cells (DCs), the donor MNC concentrates with the lower platelet contamination (475 ± 85 × 109/L) had a significantly higher relative DC yield (low platelet contamination: 3.9 ± 1.6% of the plated cells; high platelet contamination: 2.5 ± 1.8% of the plated cells; p = 0.019) than the concentrates with the higher platelet contamination (2364 ± 448 × 109/L). No significant difference was found in the yields of MNCs and CD14+ cells in the three protocols used for the collection of MNCs from patients with melanoma. The components obtained by the standard AS.TEC 204 MNC program had a significantly higher platelet contamination (1768 ± 994 × 109/L) than the components obtained by the modified AS.TEC MNC program (360 ± 98 × 109/L; p<0.05) and the modified Spectra MNC program (636 ± 266 × 109/L); p<0.05). Because of the low number of investigated components, no significant difference in the DC yield of the three protocols could be detected (mean DC yield after cultivation: 746 ± 429 × 106).CONCLUSION: A high platelet contamination of MNC concentrates intended for adoptive immunotherapy can lead to a significant impairment of the DC yield after cultivation. Both the modified AS.TEC 204 and the modified Spectra MNC programs are well suited for collecting MNC concentrates with high MNC yields and low platelet contamination from patients with malignant melanoma.
Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopeniadue to anti‐Naka
Authors: Kankirawatana Suthida , Kupatawintu Pavinee , Juji Takeo , Veerakul Gavivann , Ngerncham Sopapan , Chongkolwatana Viroj , O'Charoen Rachanee 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: The accurate diagnosis of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia is essential in the effective treatment of potentially serious bleeding in neonates.CASE REPORT: Reported here is a case of a full‐term female baby who was delivered by vacuum extraction from a gravida 1 para 1 healthy mother. She presented with generalized petechiae and bilateral cephalhematoma, which she had had since birth. At 7 hours of life, she had an upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage and was found to have severe anemia and marked thrombo‐cytopenia. Coagulation screening tests were normal. The diagnosis of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia was suspected, and maternal serum was collected for further study. The baby was treated with a single dose of hydrocortisone (10 mg/kg) and IVIG (400 mg/kg) while waiting for irradiated platelets from her mother. After 30 mL of a transfusion of maternal platelets, the baby's platelet count rose dramatically, from 15,000 to 162,000 per μL, and it remained stable at that level. She was discharged on the 10th hospital day in good condition. During the follow‐up period of 8 months, her growth and development were satisfactorily normal, as well as her platelet count. A high‐titered platelet antibody was detected in the maternal serum by use of a solid phase platelet adherence technique.RESULTS: The specificity of the platelet antibody was identified as anti‐Naka by the mixed passive hemagglutination test method.CONCLUSION: These findings suggested a diagnosis of NAIT caused by anti‐Naka.
Immune response to autologous transfusion in healthy volunteers: WB versus packed RBCs and FFP
Authors: Frietsch Thomas , Fessler Heiko , Kirschfink Michael , Nebe Thomas , Waschke Klaus F. , Lorentz Arnulf 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Storage of blood as packed RBCs and FFP is standard practice in allogeneic transfusion. Separation into components has been proposed for autologous transfusion, as well, but beneficial effects have not yet been shown.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Twenty‐four healthy male volunteers were randomly assigned to receive 1 unit of either autologous RBCs and FFP (RCP group) or WB (WB group) after 49 or 35 days of storage, respectively. The immune response was analyzed by ELISA for IL‐6, C3a, terminal complement complex SC5b‐9, TNF‐α, and neopterin. Differential WBC counts and the phagocytosis of neutrophils and monocytes were measured by flow cytometry.RESULTS: Cell counts of monocytes (0.85 × 103 ng/mL) and neutrophils (6.9 × 103 ng/mL) increased 30 minutes after WB transfusion and then returned to close to the baseline values seen in the RCP group (0.47 and 2.9 × 103 ng/mL, respectively) throughout the monitored period (p<0.05). C3a (169 vs. 116 ng/mL) and IL‐6 (29 vs. 6 pg/mL) reached higher plasma concentrations in the WB group (n = 11) than in the RCP group (n = 10). Phagocytosis of opsonized Escherichia coli was increased in neutrophils and monocytes and lasted up to 7 days after the transfusion of whole blood.CONCLUSION: Autologous WB induces a modest immunomodulation, but this effect is not observed upon transfusion of autologous blood components.
Evaluation of an automated culture systemfor detecting bacterial contamination of platelets: an analysis with 15 contaminating organisms
Authors: Brecher Mark E. , Means Norman , Jere Charles S. , Heath David , Rothenberg Steve , Stutzman Les C. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Approximately 1 in 2000 platelet components are bacterially contaminated. The time to detection of 15 seeded organisms in platelets recovered from an automated culture system was studied.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Isolates of Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, Clostridium perfringens, Corynebacterium species, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, Propionibacterium acnes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Serratia marcescens, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Streptococcus viridans were inoculated into Day 2 apheresis platelet components to obtain a final concentration of approximately 10 and 100 CFU per mL (2 units/organism). Each bag was sampled 10 times (20 mL/sample). Four mL of each sample was inoculated into standard aerobic and anaerobic bottles and into aerobic and anaerobic bottles containing charcoal; 2 mL was inoculated into pediatric aerobic bottles (so as to maintain a 1:10 ratio of sample to media) and 1 mL into thioglycollate broth.RESULTS: With the exception of P. acnes, all organisms were detected in a mean of 9.2 to 25.6 hours. A range of 10 serial dilutions in inoculating concentrations was associated with an overall 10.1‐percent difference in detection time. A mean of 74.4 and 86.2 hours (100 and 10 CFU/mL inocula, respectively) was required for the detection of P. acnes in anaerobic bottles.CONCLUSION: Bacteria thought to be clinically significant platelet contaminants can be detected in 9.2 to 25.6 hours when the starting concentration is approximately 10 to 100 CFU per mL. P. acnes required considerably longer incubation times for detection (in either aerobic or anaerobic bottles). However, P. acnes is of questionable clinical significance. Such a detection system could be used in either a blood collection center or a transfusion service to screen platelet concentrates for bacterial contamination. Such testing (with sterile sampling performed so as to maintain a closed‐bag system) would be expected to save lives and might allow an extension of platelet storage.
Analysis of HBV infection after blood transfusion in Japan through investigation of a comprehensive donor specimen repository
Authors: Matsumoto Chieko , Tadokoro Kenji , Fujimura Kayoko , Hirakawa Shinichi , Mitsunaga Shigeki , Juji Takeo 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: To understand the risk of transfusion‐transmitted viral infection, it is important to precisely assess cases of infection that follow transfusion.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: HBV infections noted after transfusion in 1997, 1998, and 1999 were analyzed. Transfusion in all these cases was performed before NAT was adopted for donor screening. To detect viral infection, PCR and serologic tests for HBV were performed retrospectively on all blood samples from implicated donors that had been stored in a frozen state after each donation. The concentration of HBV genome was measured in HBV‐positive blood samples.RESULTS: One hundred three cases of HBV infection were analyzed; of these, only 16, including at least 10 infections due to window‐period (HBsAg‐positive by reverse particle hemagglutination assay) donations, were confirmed by further testing to be related to transfusion. The concentrations of HBV genome were very low in four blood samples (<50, 400, 500, and 800 genome equivalents/mL of plasma).CONCLUSIONS: The remaining risk of transfusion transmission of HBV infection before the adoption of NAT was mainly due to window‐period donations, including one that was made before the HBV genome was detectable by PCR. However, it was determined that transfusion was not responsible in many cases for HBV infection after transfusion.
In vivo survival of apheresis RBCs, frozen with 40‐percent (wt/vol) glycerol, deglycerolized in the ACP 215, and stored at 4°C in AS‐3 for up to 21 days
Authors: Valeri C. Robert , Ragno Gina , Pivacek Linda , O'Neill E. Mary 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: The FDA has approved the storage of frozen RBCs at –80°C for 10 years and the postwash storage at 4°C for no more than 24 hours. The 4°C postwash storage period is limited to 24 hours, because the current deglycerolization systems are functionally open systems.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Two units of RBCs were collected from each of 13 healthy male volunteers. The RBCs were collected in CP2D by the FDA‐approved protocol for an automated apheresis device (MCS, LN8150, Haemonetics) and were stored at 4°C in AS‐3 for 6 days. Using a single disposable glycerolization set in an automated, functionally closed system (ACP 215, Haemonetics) each unit was transferred to a 1000‐mL PVC plastic bag and glycerolized to a concentration of 40‐percent (wt/vol) glycerol and frozen at –80°C. A single disposable deglycerolization set in the ACP 215 was used to deglycerolize the 2 units from the same donor. The deglycerolized RBCs were stored at 4°C in AS‐3 for as long as 21 days.RESULTS: The mean ± SD freeze‐thaw‐wash recovery value was 89.4 ± 3 percent. The residual hemolysis in the RBCs stored at 4°C in AS‐3 for 21 days after deglycerolization was 0.9 ± 0.2 percent, and the units were negative for both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The mean Nageotte WBC count was 9 × 106 per unit. When the deglycerolized RBCs were given as an autologous transfusion after storage at 4°C in AS‐3 for the 7‐ to 18‐day period, the mean ± SD 24‐hour posttransfusion survival was 77 ± 7 percent, and the index of therapeutic effectiveness was 69 ± 8 percent.CONCLUSION: Two units of human RBCs collected from a single donor by apheresis in the MCS using an LN8150 set can be glycerolized sequentially with a single disposable set and deglycerolized sequentially with another single disposable set in the ACP 215. The previously frozen RBCs stored in AS‐3 for 7 to 18 days at 4°C had acceptable hemolysis and an acceptable mean 24‐hour posttransfusion survival value and index of therapeutic effectiveness.
Influence of cell‐free Hb on local tissue perfusion and oxygenation in acute anemia after isovolemic hemodilution
Authors: Tsai Amy G. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Oxygen‐carrying solutions are intended to eliminate the blood transfusion trigger. Their ability to maintain microvascular perfusion and to deliver oxygen to tissue when they replace the RBCs as oxygen carriers has not been directly measured.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Microvascular response to exchange transfusion with a polymerized bovine cell‐free Hb (PBH) solution after acute isovolemic hemodilution with a plasma expander was investigated by using the hamster window model. In vivo functional capillary density (FCD), blood flow, and high‐resolution oxygen distribution in microvascular networks were measured by noninvasive methods.RESULTS: Exchange transfusion of PBH solution after a 60‐percent isovolemic hemodilution with dextran 70 (MW, 70 kDa) resulted in a Hct of 11 percent and a Hb content of 6.7 g per dL. FCD was 0.37 of baseline. Interstitial pO2 was reduced from 21.0 mm Hg to 0.3 mmHg. Arteriolar and venular blood flows were ratios of 0.75 and 0.76 relative to baseline. In a previous study, tissue pO2 after hemodilution to 5.6 g of Hb per dL with dextran 70 was 23.0 mmHg. Hypervolemic injection of PBH solution increased blood pressure and caused vasoconstriction.CONCLUSION: Using PBH solution to replace RBC oxygen‐carrying capacity during low Hb content conditions (<50%) causes abnormally low tissue oxygenation and FCD, while the same level of hemodilution with dextran maintains normal microvascular conditions.
First results using automated epifluorescence microscopyto detect Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidisin WBC‐reduced platelet concentrates
Authors: Seaver Mark , Crookston James C. , Roselle Dominick C. , Wagner Stephen J. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Many methods have been tested for the detection of bacterial contamination in platelets. However, only those using molecular biology or cell culturing consistently detect contamination at levels below 105 bacteria per mL. This report describes the initial investigation into an alternative method that offers the possibilities of high sensitivity and rapid response while using available laboratory equipment and supplies. This method relies on a fluorescent nucleic acid stain, which preferentially stains bacteria but not platelets, and automated epifluorescence microscopy for rapid analysis. Measurements in WBC‐reduced platelet concentrates (PCs) contaminated with bacteria are reported at concentrations between 103 and 106 bacteria per mL.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Staphylococcus epidermidis or Escherichia coli was inoculated into aliquots of WBC‐reduced PCs on Days 2 through 5 of storage. Bacterially inoculated and control PCs were stained, platelets and residual WBCs were lysed, and 200 μL of sample was filtered onto black polycarbonate filters. All preparations were done in triplicate. An automated epifluorescence microscope examined approximately 2 percent of the area of each filter and used image analysis to select the fluorescent particles that should be counted as bacteria.RESULTS: Samples containing 3 to 5 × 103 bacteria per mL produced about three times as many fluorescent particles classified as bacteria as the controls. Lower concentrations of S. epidermidis were detected because of higher fluorescence intensity. Simultaneous preparation of six samples requires about 35 minutes. Analysis of each prepared sample takes 10 minutes, for a total preparation and analysis time of about 95 minutes for 6 samples.CONCLUSION: Low concentrations (<5 × 103 bacteria/mL) of deliberately inoculated S. epidermidis or E. coli can be measured quickly in WBC‐depleted PCs by using a fluorescent nucleic acid stain, differential lysis, and automated microscopy. Continued refinement of the method, studies employing other bacterial strains, and further validations of assay performance are warranted.
The role of growth factor administration and T‐cell recovery after peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation in the treatment of solid tumors: results from a randomized comparison of G–CSF and GM–CSF
Authors: Pierelli Luca , Perillo Alessandro , Ferrandina Gabriella , Salerno Giovanna , Rutella Sergio , Fattorossi Andrea , Battaglia Alessandra , Rughetti Aurelia , Nuti Marianna , Cortesi Enrico , Leone Giuseppe , Mancuso Salvatore , Scambia Giovanni 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) transplantation (PBPCT) combined with post‐PBPCT administration of myelopoietic growth factors is a valid therapeutic intervention to rapidly restore hematopoiesis after the delivery of intensive, myeloablative cancer chemotherapy. On the other hand, the best growth factor regimen to potentiate PBPC‐mediated immunohematopoietic recovery has yet to be determined.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: In a randomized evaluation, the effects produced by post‐PBPCT G–CSF and GM–CSF on myeloid/lymphoid recovery and transplant outcome in women with chemosensitive cancer were compared. Thirty‐seven ovarian cancer patients and 34 breast cancer patients ranging in age from 24 to 60 years were treated with carboplatin, etoposide, and melphalan (CEM) high‐dose chemotherapy and then randomly assigned to receive G–CSF (5 μg/kg subcutaneously) or GM–CSF (5 μg/kg subcutaneously) until Day 13 after PBPCT. Patients were compared in regard to hematopoietic recovery, posttransplant clinical management, and immune recovery. Finally, clinical outcome was estimated as time to progression and overall survival.RESULTS: Hematopoietic recovery and posttransplant clinical management were comparable in both the G–CSF and GM–CSF series. Conversely, significantly higher T‐cell counts were observed in G–CSF‐treated patients during the early and late posttransplant follow‐up. Patients who received G–CSF showed a significantly longer median time to progression. A parallel analysis revealed that patients in whom a higher CD3+ count was recovered had a significantly longer overall survival and time to progression.CONCLUSION: The enhancement of post‐PBPCT T‐cell recovery observed in G–CSF‐treated patients encourages the use of G–CSF to ameliorate immune recovery, which seems to play a role in post‐PBPCT control of disease in cancer patients. GM–CSF might be administered to prolong immunosuppression after autologous PBPCT for autoimmune diseases or allogeneic PBPCT.
RBC storage for 11 weeks
Authors: Hess John R. , Rugg Neeta , Gormas Jenny K. , Knapp Amy D. , Hill Heather R. , Oliver Cynthia K. , Lippert Lloyd E. , Silberstein Edward B. , Greenwalt Tibor J. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Increasing the length of RBC storage can increase both RBC availability and quality. This work addresses 11‐week RBC storage in experimental ASs (EASs).STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Three studies were performed. In the first, 24‐hour in vivo recovery of 51Crlabeled autologous RBCs was measured in nine volunteers after storage of their RBCs for 11 weeks in EAS 67. In the second study, 4 units of blood were divided and stored in aliquots with an EAS containing 0, 15, 30, or 45 mmol per L of mannitol; then hemolysis, RBC morphology, and microvesicle protein were measured. In the third study, 6 full units were stored for 12 weeks in the EAS containing 30 mmol per L of mannitol, with weekly sampling for morphologic and biochemical measures of RBC quality.RESULTS: RBCs stored for 11 weeks in EAS‐67 had a mean 24‐hour in vivo recovery of 79 ± 5 percent, but the hemolysis was 1.35 ± 0.68 percent. Increasing mannitol content of the EAS reduced hemolysis but increased microvesiculation. EAS‐76, with 30 mmol per L of mannitol allowed 11‐week storage with 0.48 ± 0.10 percent hemolysis at 11 weeks and 0.62 ± 0.14 percent hemolysis at 12 weeks.CONCLUSION: It is possible to store RBCs for 11 weeks in EAS with greater than 75 percent recovery and less than 1 percent hemolysis.
Storage of platelets in additive solutions: effects of magnesium and/or potassium
Authors: De Wildt‐Eggen Janny , Schrijver Johanna G. , Bins Maarten , Gulliksson Hans 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Previous studies indicate that platelet concentrates (PCs) in a platelet additive solution (PAS) containing citrate, acetate, and sodium chloride (PAS‐2) show a significantly higher increase of CD62+ platelets than PCs in other brands of PAS containing Mg2+ and K+. To investigate whether this difference can be explained by the presence of Mg2+ and/or K+ in the storage medium, we performed paired studies comparing storage of PCs in PAS‐2 to PAS‐2 with either Mg2+ or K+ or both in combination. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: PCs from pooled buffy coats were prepared in either PAS‐2 or PAS‐2 with Mg2+ or K+ or both in combination (PAS‐2 modified). Different volumes of MgCl2 solution (1 mol/L) and/or KCl solution (1 mol/L) were added to PAS‐2 to obtain various concentrations. After preparation and during storage (at Days 3 and 7), pH, pCO2, pO2, HCO3−, and CD62 (%) were measured. RESULTS: During 7 days of storage, pH was very stable (6.9‐7.2) in all PCs. At Day 7, platelet CD62 expression was 49 percent (PAS‐2), 41 percent (PAS‐2 with 1.5 mmol/L Mg2+), and 38 percent (PAS‐2 with 4.5 mmol/L Mg2+). With added K+, at Day 7, expression of CD62 was 55 percent (PAS‐2), 39 percent (PAS‐2 with 4.5 mmol/L K+), and 35 percent (PAS‐2 with 9.0 mmol/L K+). In PAS‐2 modified (PAS‐2 with 1.5 mmol/L Mg2+ and 4.5 mmol/L K+) and CPD plasma, the corresponding CD62 values were 23 and 35 percent, respectively. CONCLUSION: The combination of Mg2+ and K+ gave significantly (p < 0.05) lower platelet CD62 expression in the storage medium than in PAS‐2. The effects of these differences on platelet metabolism and in vivo properties remain to be investigated.
In utero development of a warm‐reactive autoantibody in a severely jaundiced neonate
Authors: Blackall Douglas P. , Liles Linda H. , Talati Ajay J. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: The fetus and neonate are widely considered to be immunologically immature. However, there are rare case reports of RBC alloantibody and autoantibody development. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This report describes the case of a severely jaundiced full‐term boy neonate presenting at birth with an IgG warm‐reactive autoantibody. RESULTS: Mother and neonate were both blood group A, D+. The mother had a negative antibody screen at 18 weeks' gestation and a negative DAT and antibody screen at the time of delivery. The neonate was born with a strongly reactive DAT (IgG) and a panreactive eluate. The serum also contained a panreactive antibody, and all crossmatches were incompatible. The neonate had a bilirubin of 12.5 mg per dL at birth, which peaked at 22.5 mg per dL. However, there was no overt evidence of hemolysis, as evidenced by normal serial Hct levels and reticulocyte counts. The neonate responded well to phototherapy and did not require either simple or exchange transfusion. The neonate's warm‐reactive autoantibody maintained its original strength of reactivity on follow‐up testing performed at 2 weeks and 2 months of age. CONCLUSIONS: This report describes a rare case of apparent in utero RBC autoantibody development. The fetal/neonatal immune response to blood group antigens is reviewed.