bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Hudson Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Word Grammar (henceforward: WG) is a theory of language which touches on almost all aspects of synchronic linguistics and unifies them all through a single very general claim (Hudson 1984: 1): (1) The Network Postulate: Language is a conceptual network. This claim is not unique to WG and could even be described as a commonplace of modern linguistics. After all, we all see ourselves as successors to the early structuralists who saw language as ‘a system of interdependent terms in which the value of each term results solely from the simultaneous presence of the others’ (Saussure 1959). Any system of interconnected entities is a network under the normal everyday meaning of this word, so the structuralist legacy can be interpreted as the view of language as a network—a view that every modern linguist would surely accept, at least in contrast with the idea that a language is merely a collection of otherwise disconnected units. However, I suggest below that the network idea is actually quite controversial when taken seriously.
Morphology
Authors: Hudson Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
WG treats morphology, like the rest of language, as a network, so morphological patterns are represented as a network of relations among words, morphs, and sounds or letters. (A number of other morph-like units will be introduced later, but we can ignore them for the time being.) The network approach is relatively uncontroversial in morphology, and indeed WG morphology is quite similar to the theory called ‘network morphology’ in which the network basis is explicit (Brown, Corbett, Fraser, Hippisley, and Timberlake 1996; Corbett and Fraser 1993). There has recently been a high profile debate about whether we process regular morphology in the same way as irregular morphology (Pinker 1998), but both sides of the debate agree that we store at least irregularly inflected forms as a network which we exploit by spreading activation. Admittedly the networks in question are generally assumed to be distributed connectionist networks rather than WG-style symbolic networks, but even so this debate shows how easily morphological relations can be visualized as a network. Perhaps the most distinctive characteristic of the WG approach is that it is embedded in a general theory which encompasses the whole of language. Other theories of morphology are typically limited to morphology and are neutral as to the organization of other parts of language such as syntax or the lexicon.
Malaysia and Brunei
Authors: Omar Asmah Haji 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The two Muslim nations of Malaysia and Brunei have many similarities in their demographic, linguistic, and socio-cultural traits and have undergone processes of change and development in the course of their history of civilization which appear to be related to or a reflection of one another. With this background, they appeared to have a similar ethos in their fight for nationalism and independence from British rule, and thence in their effort towards building a modern nation-state.
Quantum Entanglements Selected Papers
Authors: Clifton Rob 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Rob Clifton was one of the most brilliant and productive researchers in the foundations and philosophy of quantum theory; he died tragically at the age of 38. Jeremy Butterfield and Hans Halvorson present fourteen of his finest papers, all of which combine exciting philosophical discussion with rigorous mathematical results. Many of these papers break wholly new ground, either conceptually or technically. Others resolve a vague controversy into a precise technical problem, which is then solved; still others solve an open problem that had been in the air for some time. All of them show scientific and philosophical creativity of a high order, genuinely among the very best work in the field. The papers are grouped into four parts. First come four papers about the modal interpretation of quantum mechanics. Part II comprises three papers on the foundations of algebraic quantum field theory, with an emphasis on entanglement and nonlocality.
Content for Cognitive Science
Authors: Neander Karen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I see some newspaper blown by the wind as a cat slinking, and thus I represent the newspaper as a cat . Three things are involved: (i) a representation, presumably some neural event, (ii) its target, in this case the newspaper, and (iii) the content of the representation, cat slinking . In this case, the representation misrepresents its target because there is a mismatch between its target and its content. A philosophical theory of mental content is principally concerned with the relation between items of the first and third kind. Such a theory tries to answer the question: in virtue of what does a mental representation have the content it has?¹ An obvious desideratum for such a theory of content is that it gets the contents of representations right.
Serial Verb Constructions in Toqabaqita
Authors: Lichtenberk Frantisek 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Toqabaqita is an Oceanic language spoken by aproximately 12,000 people on the island of Malaita in the Solomon Islands. The basic constituent structures of Toqabaqita intransitive and transitive clauses are shown in (1). The nature of the verb complex (V-complex) will be discussed later.
Relativism, Pragmatism, and the Practice of Science
Authors: Fine Arthur 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
But science in the making, science as an end to be pursued, is as subjective and psychologically conditioned as any other branch of human endeavor— so much so that the question, What is the purpose and meaning of science? receives quite different answers at different times and from different sorts of people. (Einstein 1934: 112) Relativism is worrisome. Many regard it as a bad thing; a virus set to infect your whole way of thinking if your ideas seem to leave even a small opening for it. Others profess to believe that relativism is quite a good thing. Since no one knows exactly what relativism is, both camps could be right. Here I examine some non-idiotic forms of relativism whose ‘dangers’, I argue, amount to no more than an anti-foundationalism familiar from the pragmatic tradition. Seen pragmatically, relativism turns out to be robust with respect to standard anti-relativist arguments. Seen pragmatically, it might also help soothe the anxiety over nihilism or irrationality (or general chaos) that it triggers in some. For, as I suggest, pragmatic forms of relativism offer an appropriate setting for understanding good scientiﬁc practice.
Pragmatism, Quasi-realism, and the Global Challenge
Authors: Macarthur David , Price Huw 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
William James said that sometimes detailed philosophical argument is irrelevant. Once a current of thought is really under way, trying to oppose it with argument is like planting a stick in a river to try to alter its course: ‘‘round your obstacle flows the water and ‘gets there just the same’”. He thought pragmatism was such a river. There is a contemporary river that sometimes calls itself pragmatism, although other titles are probably better. At any rate it is the denial of differences, the celebration of the seamless web of language, the soothing away of distinctions, whether of primary versus secondary, fact versus value, description versus expression, or of any other significant kind. What is left is a smooth, undifferentiated view of language, sometimes a nuanced kind of anthropomorphism or ‘‘internal’’ realism, sometimes the view that no view is possible: minimalism, deflationism, quietism. Wittgenstein is often admired as a high priest of the movement. Planting a stick in this water is probably futile, but having done it before I shall do it again, and— who knows?— enough sticks may make a dam, and the waters of error may subside. (Blackburn 1998 b: 157)
Quasi-Realism is Fictionalism
Authors: Lewis David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Suppose that Simon Blackburn’s quasi-realist program (1984, ch. 6, 1988) has succeeded perfectly on its own terms-something I think not unlikely. The quasi-realist has offered a special semantics for sentential expressions of moral attitudes; he has thereby earned the right to echo everything the moral realist says; and he has chosen to exercise that right. He even echoes all the realist says about moral psychology and metaethics, since those opinions are entangled with the realist’s moralizing. Now he challenges us (1993b): wherefore am I a quasi-realist rather than a queasy realist? Once my agreement with the realist is exceptionless, why doesn’t that prove that I’m a realist too?1 It’s clear enough that the special quasi-realist semantics of assertibility conditions differs from the standard realist truth-conditional semantics.
Sudan: Majorities, Minorities, and Language Interactions
Authors: James Wendy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is commonly taken for granted in today’s writing and discussion about the Sudan that it consists of very different northern and southern parts – fierce desert in the north and shady pasture in the south, occupied by ‘ethnic’ Arabs on the one hand and ‘Black Africans’ on the other, Islam in the north and a variety of Christian denominations and African traditional religions in the south. But we should treat these oppositions with great care; they are not primordial facts of geography and ethnology. The concept of north and south as territories, as against relative positioning along the Nile corridor, has always been a matter of contested political definition by the powers that be. The north/south opposition in much of today’s discourse about the Sudan, and indeed within it, is a product of very recent political history, including some decades of civil war. In considering aspects of language and language use in the Sudan, however, and especially in noting how language issues have become caught up in politics, we can find a different approach and escape the stereotypes with profit.
Aristotle on Eudaimonia in Nicomachean Ethics 1
Authors: Cleemput Geert van 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Aristotelian scholarship there is the vexed question of what eudaimonia, happiness or human flourishing, means for Aristotle. In the intellectualist interpretation of eudaimonia contemplation plays a dominant role, whereas ‘inclusivism’ is attractive to its adherents because it seems to offer an alternative to the allegedly unpalatable consequences of the intellectualist interpretation.
Direction of Fit and Motivational Cognitivism
Authors: Tenenbaum Sergio 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The idea of direction of fit has been found appealing by many philosophers. The idea goes back to Anscombe’s famous example of the different aims of two agents: a man who is doing his shopping guided by a shopping list, and a detective compiling a list of the man’s groceries as he buys them. I can’t resist adding myself to the legion of writers who quote the passage from Intention in which she points out an important difference between the two directions of fit:
If the list and things that the man actually buys do not agree, and if this and this alone constitutes a mistake, then the mistake is not in the list but in the man’s performance ... whereas if the detective’s record and what the man actually buys do not agree, then the mistake is in the record.
In both cases of mistake, there’s a lack of fit between the world (in particular, what’s in the shopping cart), and the agent’s mental states (represented by what they have written in their respective lists).
Modality
Authors: Portner Paul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This is a book about semantic theories of modality. Its main goal is to explain and evaluate important contemporary theories within linguistics and to discuss a wide range of linguistic phenomena from the perspective of these theories. The introduction describes the variety of grammatical phenomena associated with modality, explaining why modal verbs, adjectives, and adverbs represent the core phenomena. Chapters are then devoted to the possible worlds semantics for modality developed in modal logic; current theories of modal semantics within linguistics; and the most important empirical areas of research. The author concludes by discussing the relation between modality and other topics, especially tense, aspect, mood, and discourse meaning. Paul Portner’s accessible guide to this key area of current research will be welcomed by students of linguistics at graduate level and above, as well as by researchers in philosophy, computational science, and related fields.
Nestling condition
Authors: Grubb Thomas C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I have separated the material in this chapter on the nutritional condition of nestlings from that in the next chapter on prolonged brood-care because they have somewhat divergent theoretical underpinnings. Nevertheless, they can be viewed as a continuum from the day of hatching until the day that juveniles become fully independent of their parents. In their study of the growth of nestling tree swallows, John McCarty and David Winkler (1999) measured the developing length of a primary feather on the bird, so their results do not use the methods of ptilochronology in a strict sense. However, a portion of their findings is germane to the question raised by Murphy and King (1991) about time lag between a nutritional shortfall and retarded feather growth, and so has been included in this account.
Prolonged brood-care
Authors: Grubb Thomas C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cooperative breeding in birds occurs when more birds than just two breeding adults participate in an attempt at reproduction (Stacey and Koenig 1990). In most cases, such cooperative groups consist of a breeding pair and a variable number of “helpers.” Almost always, the helpers are the breeding pairs’ offspring from former years that have remained in their natal territory rather than dispersing to find a mate and territory of their own. Although many studies have dealt with breeding season aspects of this social phenomenon, Jan Ekman has taken another tack by focusing on the non-breeding season (Ekman and Rosander 1992; Ekman et al. 1994). Ekman’s position is that before we consider events during the breeding season, we should think about the mechanisms permitting or encouraging offspring to reside with their parents through the preceding non-breeding season, a time of limited resources. If such offspring were forced by their parents to leave their natal site, young-of-the-year birds would not be available to act as helpers the following spring.
School-aged children who can’t sleep
Authors: Stores Gregory 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The possible causes of sleeplessness at this age tend to be different from those in younger children, although there may be overlap to some extent.
Emotional factors may play a prominent role, but other possibilities of a more physical nature should also be considered.
Fact:This is not usually the case if the nightmares are infrequent, but psychological help is needed if there is a strong suggestion that your child cannot sleep because he is persistently distressed in this or other ways.
Unusual behaviour at night associated with medical conditions
Authors: Stores Gregory 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although not usually the case, there are some parasomnias that result from an underlying medical condition; these need to be distinguished from other parasomnias.
Treatment consists of attention to the underlying condition.
The distinction between medically based and other parasomnias can often be made by knowing the exact nature of the episodes, but in some instances special investigations are required.
The Minimalist Roots
Authors: Boeckx Cedric 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In his masterful treatment of the structure of evolutionary theory from Darwin to the present, Stephen Jay Gould (2002: ch. 1) argues that a theory of range and power needs both history and essence. Gould was really talking about productive and comprehensive programs. In this chapter, I address the historical source, the context of emergence of minimalism, leaving a discussion of its essential features to the next chapter.
The Minimalist Seduction
Authors: Boeckx Cedric 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Language is no different from other objects in nature. There are many ways of studying it. Some see it in the words of Travis (1981: 1): ‘weird and wonderful, the storehouse of unimaginable complexities and surprises, to be discerned very closely.’ Others try to determine how fairly simple laws may give rise to such apparent complexity. Both approaches, and the countless possibilities in between, are legitimate and worth pursuing. But in systems like the language faculty, which appears so complex, the search for simplicity is not often the first one that comes to mind, even in the minds of welltrained scientists. This is why each little corner of simplicity has to be patiently investigated, cultivated, and cherished. It is to be treated as precious because it may open the door to greater simplicity.
Introduction: mental health nursing past, present, and future
Authors: Callaghan Patrick , Playle John , Cooper Linda 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Mental health problems and disorders account for 13% of the burden of disease across the world, and in high income countries the estimate increases to 23%, with such problems and disorders being the most common cause of disability and premature death (World Health Organization [WHO] 2004). Since the publication of Mental Health: New Understanding, New Hope (WHO 2001a), there have been concerted efforts internationally to promote mental health, reduce the burden of mental health problems, and increase the social inclusion (see Chapter 9) of people living with such problems (WHO 2001b). In the UK, since the 1999 National Service Framework (NSF) for Mental Health (Department of Health [DH] 1999) and other NSFs (DH 2001, DH/Department for Education and Skills 2004), mental health has become one of the government’s national health priorities (DH 2004b, 2006d). Within UK NHS mental health services, mental health nurses (MHNs) make up the largest proportion of the professional work- force, making them pivotal to the delivery of the NSF. Mental health nursing takes place in an increasingly wide variety of prac- tice contexts, and rapid developments in mental health and social care policy, research, and service delivery within the past ten years have impacted significantly upon the work of MHNs. There has been an increased emphasis on partnership working with service users and carers (NHS Executive 2000). The patient choice agenda is now central to service and care delivery (Care Services Improvement Partnership/National Institute of Mental Health in England 2005), and new roles, new ways of working, and new types of service have prolifer- ated (DH 2003a–c, 2005b). Staffing challenges within mental health services, together with further opportunities to extend nursing roles, raise important issues as to the most effective use of the resource of MHNs (DH 2006a, Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health [SCMH] 2005).
Values-based mental health nursing practice
Authors: Callaghan Patrick , Playle John , Cooper Linda 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Everybody’s values are different. Life experiences shape our personal values, which in turn often provide a driving force (or motivation) for our behaviour. Despite this, it can be difficult to explain your values to others. By creating opportunities to explore and identify your values, you can help to clarify them. This is as true for mental health service users and carers as it is for all those seeking to provide mental health care.
Evidence-based mental health nursing practice
Authors: Callaghan Patrick , Playle John , Cooper Linda 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter is concerned with the second category of Best Practice Competencies and Capabilities for Pre-registration Mental Health Nurses in England (Department of Health 2006), that of improving outcomes for service users. This requires students at the point of registration to demonstrate their understanding of the principles of research and their application to the evidence base for practice, and to show that they can assess, plan, implement, and evaluate evidence- based care under supervision.
Interpersonal communication – Heron’s Six Category Intervention Analysis
Authors: Callaghan Patrick , Playle John , Cooper Linda 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter is concerned with the second category of Best Practice Competencies and Capabilities for Pre-registration Mental Health Nurses in England (Department of Health [DH] 2006), that of improving outcomes for service users. This requires students at the point of registration to demonstrate a range of effective and appropriate communication and engage- ment skills with individuals who have mental health problems, their carers, and the key people involved in their care.
Behavioural activation
Authors: Callaghan Patrick , Playle John , Cooper Linda 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter will describe the skill known as behavioural activation (BA). BA is one of the most effective psychothera- peutic techniques for patients experiencing depression and is relatively simple to apply. It forms a major part of recent devel- opments in low-intensity psychological treatment such as guided self-help and other therapeutic work involving only brief contact between mental health workers and patients, as well as being used as a more traditional high-intensity psy- chological treatment, in which therapists and patients work together for longer and have more numerous sessions. It has shown to be equally as effective as both cognitive therapy and antidepressants (Dimidjian et al. 2006). Competence in applying BA will equip any nurse with a highly effective and acceptable psychological technique to assist people with depression.
Working with people with substance misuse problems
Authors: Callaghan Patrick , Playle John , Cooper Linda 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Substance misuse is a growing and serious public health problem that continues to affect individuals, communities, and families. Apart from the immediate effects of substance use on health and social functioning, there are important short- and long-term psychological and psychiatric issues, physical health problems, and criminality associated with continued use. Looking back at the training and preparation of mental health nurses over the past 20 years, substance misuse has often occupied either an ‘elective’ or ‘specialist placement’ role, and the volume of curriculum teaching on the subject has generally been low. However, there is a growing recognition that patients with substance misuse problems frequently use all parts of the health and social care services, not least the mental health services, which are often charged with provid- ing ‘treatment’ for both patients with substance misuse prob- lems, and those with substance misuse and mental health problems (commonly known as dual diagnosis or co-mor- bidity). Mental health nurses working across the range of hospital-based, community, or specialist mental health serv- ices—be they for working age adults, older people, forensic patients, or children and adolescents—will inevitably work with patients who misuse drugs or alcohol.