bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal and age‐related changes in blood parasite prevalence in dark‐eyed juncos (Junco hyemalis, Aves, Passeriformes)
Authors: Deviche Pierre , Greiner Ellis C. , Manteca Xavier 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWe determined seasonal changes in blood parasite infections in a free‐living population of Dark‐eyed Juncos (Junco hyemalis) breeding in interior Alaska (65 °N; 148 °W). The common parasites found in blood smears were Leucocytozoon fringillinarum (56%), Trypanosoma avium (33%), and Haemoproteus fringillae (9%). In males, parasite prevalences were relatively high at arrival on breeding grounds and increased during the breeding season. Intensity of infection with Leucocytozoon also increased between spring and summer, and then decreased at the time of migration (September). This decrease did not occur in adult females. Elevated prevalences during the breeding season probably reflected the addition of new cases via vector activity to positive status resulting from spring relapse. We observed neither an association between parasite species nor a consistent relationship between parasite intensity and body condition. To further study relationships between reproductive system activity and parasite infections, we compared prevalences in adult males that were undergoing their first cycle of gonadal development and regression (males in their second calendar year, or SY) with those of older males (males in their third or more calendar year, i.e., after‐second‐year males or ASY). Circulating testosterone concentrations declined in both groups between arrival on breeding grounds (end of April‐early May) and the end of the reproductive period (July), and they were higher in May in ASY than in SY males. At the peak of the breeding season (June), ASY males also had a higher parasite prevalence than SY males. This difference may have resulted from immunosuppressive effects of gonadal hormones and/or from behavioral differences between SY and ASY males such that older males were exposed to more insect vectors than younger males. J. Exp. Zool. 289:456–466, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spillover effects of foreign direct investments on Turkish manufacturing industry
Authors: Aslanoğlu Erhan 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn this article, spillover effects of foreign direct investments on Turkish manufacturing industry have been examined by five single equation econometric models. All models are constructed in line with the recent spillover models both for developed and developing economies. The first two models aimed to estimate the spillover effects of the presence of foreign firms on the productivity and competitiveness of domestic firms. Estimation results suggest that while the presence of foreign firms increases competition in domestic industries, there is no significant contribution on the productivity of domestic firms. Two of the remaining three models basically tested the impact of technology gap between domestic and foreign firms on the productivity and market growth of domestic firms. However, no significant relation is found between those variables. The final model estimated the impact of the initial technology gap on the change in technology gap in the course of time. In the final model, a significant correlation is found. Those results and some accommodating data on the performances of multinational firms led us to conclude that Turkey is at the crossroad. If locational advantages of the country are developed by proper policies, spillover effects on the domestic industries could be materialized with the rising competition, which has already brought into by the presence of foreign firms. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetically modified organisms: major issues and policy responses for developing countries
Authors: Kydd Jonathan , Haddock Janet , Mansfield John , Ainsworth Charles , Buckwell Allan 
Published: September 2002

AbstractGenetic modification (GM) is a radical new technology that could potentially change and challenge world agriculture, economic and regulatory systems. This paper looks at such issues, with particular respect to their impact in developing countries, and provides some policy recommendations to help ensure that GM technology helps rather than hinders economic development and welfare in the developing world. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Postparietal and prehatching ontogeny of the supraoccipital in Alligator mississippiensis (Archosauria, Crocodylia)
Authors: Klembara Jozef 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe first record of the postparietal bone of Alligator mississippiensis, documented by transverse histological sections, is presented. It is the first evidence of the presence of this bone within Recent reptiles. The postparietal is present in a specimen with a head length of 32.3 mm. The bone is a small dermal plate lying ventrally and posteriorly to the posterior margin of the parietal and dorsally to the trabecular bone, forming a dorsal surface of the supraoccipital portion of the neural endocranium. The trabecular bone develops perichondrally from the dorsal surface of the tectal cartilaginous bridge spanning between the dorsal portions of the otic capsules and occipital pilae. The bridge probably represents the fused tectum synoticum posterior plus tectum posterius. Later in ontogeny, the bridge ossifies endochondrally. The endochondrally ossifying bridge together with its perichondrally ossifying trabecular bone form the future supraoccipital. The trabecular bone is the integral part of the cranial endoskeleton and ontogenetically distinct from the dermal postparietal bone. J. Morphol. 249:147–153, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Semiquantitative detection of JCV‐DNA in peripheral blood leukocytes from HIV‐1‐infected patients with or without progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
Authors: Andréoletti Laurent , Lescieux Alexandre , Lambert Valérie , Si‐Mohamed Ali , Matta Mathieu , Wattré Pierre , Bélec Laurent 
Published: September 2002

AbstractProgressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a severe and fatal demyelinating disease that occurs especially in HIV‐infected patients. It has been suggested that JC virus (JCV) migrates in peripheral blood leukocytes from the kidney to the central nervous system where it initiates demyelination. To investigate the physiopathological role of the peripheral blood virus in the development of PML, the prevalence of JCV infection and the levels of JCV DNA load were evaluated in peripheral blood leukocytes or mononuclear cells of 10 AIDS patients at the time of onset of PML symptoms, and in 150 non‐PML HIV‐1‐infected patients using a semiquantitative PCR and ELISA‐hybridization assay. In PML‐AIDS patients, 60% (6/10) were positive for JCV‐DNA detection in peripheral blood cells compared with 26% (13/50) and 18% (18/100) positive for non‐PML HIV‐infected control patients with CD4+ T lymphocyte counts below and above 200.106 /l, respectively (60 vs. 26%, P = 0.06; 60 vs. 18%; P = 0.007). The prevalence of JCV infection in the peripheral blood cells taken from controls appeared to be independent of the CDC stage of infection and CD4+ T lymphocyte counts. The predictive positive value of a positive JCV DNA PCR in peripheral blood cells for the diagnosis of PML in an HIV‐infected patient was 16% whereas the predictive negative value was 96%. The levels of circulating JCV DNA load, ranging from 1.69 to 2.53 log of copies per 106 cells, did not differ between patients at time of PML symptoms onset and controls, and appeared to be independent of the clinical and the biological status in control patients. The findings do not indicate any significant JCV genomic replication activity in peripheral blood cells at the onset of PML disease, and suggest that JCV replication markers in the systemic compartment would not be valuable for predicting the development of PML in AIDS patients. J. Med. Virol. 66:1–7, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The predictive and interactive effects of equity sensitivity in teamwork‐oriented organizations
Authors: Bing Mark N. , Burroughs Susan M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractMany studies have investigated the relationship between equity sensitivity and other variables of organizational importance. Although theoretical grounds support a link between equity sensitivity and job performance, to date no studies have found equity sensitivity to be a valid predictor of non self‐reported job performance in field research. The two field studies reported here empirically support this link and demonstrate that equity sensitivity may also interact with personality traits in predicting job performance. Limitations of the current investigations and future research are discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of affective traits and affective states in disputants' motivation and behavior during episodes of organizational conflict
Authors: Rhoades Jonathan A. , Arnold Josh , Jay Clifford 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of individuals' affective traits (i.e., affect intensity and affect disposition) and affective states (i.e., positive and negative mood) on their motivations and behavior during episodes of organizational conflict. Two hundred and twenty‐three student employees from a variety of jobs and organizations kept daily records, for a three day period, of their conflict experiences at work. The results of hierarchical linear modelling indicated that employees' affective traits and affective states had parallel effects on the conflict management process. Subsequent analyses revealed the source of this parallelism: employees' moods on the day of the conflict fully mediated the effects of their affective disposition on the conflict process variables. The results are discussed in terms of their theoretical significance and practical implications. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A 40 year objective climatology of surface cyclones in the Mediterranean region: spatial and temporal distribution
Authors: Maheras P. , Flocas H.A. , Patrikas I. , Anagnostopoulou Chr. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA climatological analysis of the synoptic scale cyclones that occur in the Mediterranean region is carried out for an extended period of 40 years (1958–1997). The cyclones are identified with the aid of an objective method based on grid point values, available every 6 h. The study of the seasonal and diurnal variations of the frequency of cyclonic occurrences, with respect to the value of the central pressure, revealed that the major cyclonic centres appear to be different in frequency and location, reflecting the different triggering mechanisms. In the western Mediterranean region, the frequency of occurrence is higher in winter, more so for the intense cyclones, with no substantial diurnal difference in the Gulf of Genoa, and with a preference during the night in southern Italy. The Cyprus centre reveals diurnal variability in location, especially in the cold period, in accordance with the triggering mechanism, being associated principally with weak and moderate cyclones. In northwestern Africa, there appears to be two marked regions of high cyclonic frequency, not only in spring, but also in summer and autumn. The extremely high frequency of cyclonic occurrences in summer in the Mediterranean basin is attributed mainly to the generation of weak thermal lows. The number of rapidly deepening cyclones within 12 h and 24 h increases from the south to the north part of Mediterranean, being mostly favoured near the lee of Alps and the Gulf of Venice, occurring mainly after 06:00 co‐ordinated universal time (UTC). Copyright © 2001 Royal Meteorological Society
Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering of xanthopterin adsorbed on colloidal silver
Authors: Feng Zhaochi , Liang Changhai , Li Meijun , Chen Jun , Li Can 
Published: September 2002

AbstractSurface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of xanthopterin adsorbed on colloidal silver was measured and the Raman spectrum calculated by the density functional theory method was also obtained. Xanthopterin can be detected down to 5 × 10−9 M and the enhancement of the scattering intensity is at least 105‐fold. Xanthopterin molecules are adsorbed flatly on the surface of the Ag particles. This study shows that SERS could be another prospective method for the detection of pterines. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temperature dependent Raman scattering studies in CsLiSO4 and RbxCs1−xLiSO4 (x = 0.35)
Authors: Lima R. J. C. , Freire P. T. C. , Sasaki J. M. , Ayala A. P. , Melo F. E. A. , Filho J. Mendes , Hernandes A. C. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractPolarized Raman spectra of CsLiSO4 and RbxCs1−xLiSO4 (x = 0.35) were obtained for temperatures in the range 7–295 K. Several features observed in the spectra were interpreted in terms of the occurrence of phase transitions. Careful investigation of the x‐ray and Raman spectra and a group theory analysis showed that although both crystals have the same room‐temperature structure, the low‐temperature phases adopted by CsLiSO4 and Rb0.35Cs0.65LiSO4 are very different. Data from Raman measurements taken at 295 and 7 K were used to propose an assignment of the fundamental modes. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure and vibrational spectra of double diphosphates TlLnP2O7 (Ln = Dy, Ho, Y, Er, Yb)
Authors: Khay N. , Ennaciri A. , Rulmont A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe new thallium double diphosphates TlLnP2O7 (Ln = Dy, Ho, Y, Er, Yb) were synthesized via solid‐state reaction and investigated by x‐ray diffraction and vibrational spectroscopy. The x‐ray diffraction patterns of these compounds were indexed in the monoclinic system and their unit cell parameters were determined. The infrared and Raman spectra of these compounds were measured and interpreted using factor group analysis. The non‐coincidences observed between most infrared and Raman bands are consistent with a centrosymmetric structure for these compounds. The vibrational spectra point to a bent POP bridge angle in all these materials and their values were estimated. The slight shift of the wavenumbers of νasPOP and νsPOP in the vibrational spectra is due to the influence of Ln3+ on the POP bridge. The spectroscopic results were used to calculate the main characteristics of the P—O bonds (force constants, bond orders and interatomic distances). Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Commercial development and competitive environments: the museum sector in scotland
Authors: Lennon J John , Graham Margaret 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe Department of Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) warn local authorities that fail to value the potential role of culture in socio‐economic development do so at their peril. The development of a destination's cultural credentials to facilitate economic progress is central to policy geared to regenerate communities in decline and to revitalise financially strapped museums. Within this argument more scrutiny is placed on the skills accountability of the museum profession and their ability to compete in the visitor attraction sector and generate their own sources of income.This paper considers the competitive position of museums as tourism visitor attractions within a framework of commercial development. The strengths of this paper lean towards qualitative primary sources gathered by the authors during a number of recent heritage development projects. This has influenced the analysis of statistical data gathered in 1999 by the Moffat Centre on behalf of the Scottish Tourist Board's Visitor Attraction Monitor. Concluding paragraphs stress the development of appropriate quality schemes that are flexible enough to accommodate the distinctive Scottish Museum experience as critical. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Micellar catalysis on the redox reaction of glycolic acid with chromium(VI)
Authors: Kabir‐ud‐Din  , Hartani Khaled , Khan Zaheer 
Published: September 2002

AbstractChromium(VI) oxidation of glycolic acid in the absence and presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB) followed the same mechanism as shown by kinetic study. The reaction followed second‐order kinetics, first‐order in each reactant. The oxidation is strongly catalyzed by manganese(II) and cationic micelles of CTAB or CPB. The catalytic effect of micelles can be fitted to a model in which the reaction rate depends upon the concentration of both reactants in the micellar pseudophase. Some added inorganic salts (NaCl, NaBr, NaNO3, and Na2SO4) reduce the micellar catalysis by excluding glycolic acid from the reaction site. The reactivity of glycolic acid towards chromium(VI) has been discussed and also compared with those obtained previously for the reaction between chromium(VI) and the reductants oxalic and lactic acids. On the basis of the observed results, probable mechanisms have been proposed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 33: 377–386, 2001
Gas‐phase reactivity study of O(3P) atoms with trans‐CHClCHCl and CHClCCl2 at 298 K: Comparison to reactions with some other substituted ethenes
Authors: Teruel Mariano A. , Taccone Raúl A. , Lane Silvia I. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAbsolute rate coefficients for the gas‐phase reactions of trans‐dichloroethene and trichloroethene with O(3P) atoms have been measured at 298 K using a discharge flow tube coupled to a chemiluminescence detection system. The observed rate constant values are (2.2 ± 0.4) × 10−13 and (1.4 ± 0.2) × 10−13 cm3 molecule−1 s−1, respectively. The experiments were carried out under pseudo‐first‐order conditions with [O(3P)]o ≪ [alkene]o. These results are compared to those of O atom reactions with other chloroethenes and with different electrophiles, such as OH and NO3. Different factors that affect the rate of addition to the double bond are considered. The rate constants for these reactions do not correlate in a simple manner with the experimental ionization potential, as is the case in the alkene and methyl‐substituted alkene reactions. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 33: 415–421, 2001
FT‐IR kinetic and product study of the OH radical and Cl‐atom–initiated oxidation of dibasic esters
Authors: Cavalli Fabrizia , Barnes Ian , Becker Karl Heinz 
Published: September 2002

AbstractUsing a relative kinetic technique, rate coefficients have been measured, at 296 ± 2 K and 740 Torr total pressure of synthetic air, for the gas‐phase reaction of OH radicals with the dibasic esters dimethyl succinate [CH3OC(O)CH2CH2C(O)OCH3], dimethyl glutarate [CH3OC(O)CH2CH2CH2C(O)OCH3], and dimethyl adipate [CH3OC(O)CH2CH2CH2CH2C(O)OCH3]. The rate coefficients obtained were (in units of cm3 molecule−1 s−1): dimethyl succinate (1.89 ± 0.26) × 10−12; dimethyl glutarate (2.13 ± 0.28) × 10−12; and dimethyl adipate (3.64 ± 0.66) × 10−12. Rate coefficients have been also measured for the reaction of chlorine atoms with the three dibasic esters; the rate coefficients obtained were (in units of cm3 molecule−1 s−1): dimethyl succinate (6.79 ± 0.93) × 10−12; dimethyl glutarate (1.90 ± 0.33) × 10−11; and dimethyl adipate (6.08 ± 0.86) × 10−11. Dibasic esters are industrial solvents, and their increased use will lead to their possible release into the atmosphere, where they may contribute to the formation of photochemical air pollution in urban and regional areas. Consequently, the products formed from the oxidation of dimethyl succinate have been investigated in a 405‐L Pyrex glass reactor using Cl‐atom–initiated oxidation as a surrogate for the OH radical. The products observed using in situ Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) absorption spectroscopy and their fractional molar yields were: succinic formic anhydride (0.341 ± 0.068), monomethyl succinate (0.447 ± 0.111), carbon monoxide (0.307 ± 0.061), dimethyl oxaloacetate (0.176 ± 0.044), and methoxy formylperoxynitrate (0.032–0.084). These products account for 82.4 ± 16.4% C of the total reaction products. Although there are large uncertainties in the quantification of monomethyl succinate and dimethyl oxaloacetate, the product study allows the elucidation of an oxidation mechanism for dimethyl succinate. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 33: 431–439, 2001
Deception in marketing research: Ethical, methodological, and disciplinary implications
Authors: Kimmel Allan J. , Smith N. Craig 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAlthough marketing researchers often find it necessary to deceive their research participants, little attention has been given within marketing to the ethical issues underlying the use of deception or to the potential consequences of deceptive research practices. This article provides a conceptual starting point for developing a more complete understanding of deception in marketing research, including an ethical analysis from the viewpoint of consequentialist and deontological theories of moral reasoning. A research agenda is outlined that draws on the extensive behavioral science literature on this topic and includes empirical questions relevant to the ethical, methodological, and disciplinary implications of using deceptive practices in marketing research. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
2,4,4′‐trichlorobiphenyl increases STAT5 transcriptional activity
Authors: Oakley Greg G. , Roe Amy L. , Blouin Robert A. , Twaroski Timothy P. , Ganguly Tanmoy C. , Vore Mary , Lehmler Hans‐Joachim , Robertson Larry W. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe promoting effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been studied extensively in a variety of two‐stage carcinogenesis models. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for the promotion effects of PCBs have not been elucidated. We measured the effect of PCBs on DNA‐binding proteins involved in cell proliferation and transformation. Male Sprague‐Dawley rats were injected intraperitoneally with mono‐, di‐, tri‐, tetra‐, or hexachlorobiphenyls (300 μmol/kg/d) each day for 4 d and killed 4 h after the last injection. To detect alterations in nuclear proteins that could explain the tumor‐promoter activity of PCBs, liver nuclear extracts were analyzed by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay analysis of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT)–binding activity to a consensus γ‐interferon–activated sequence (GAS) element was compared in liver nuclear extracts from treated rats. STAT‐binding activity was eightfold to tenfold higher in nuclear extracts from animals treated with 2,4,4′‐trichloro‐ (PCB 28) and 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′‐hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 153). Analysis of the protein complex binding to the GAS element, with antibodies specific for STAT3, STAT5, and STAT6, indicated that the protein complex was made up of STAT5 and STAT6 proteins. HepG2 cells transiently transfected with a luciferase reporter gene construct containing many STAT5 binding sites were treated with PCB 28 and PCB 153. PCB 28 stimulated a greater than 25‐fold increase in luciferase activity at the highest concentration tested, 1.0 μg/mL. However, enhanced luciferase activity did not occur with PCB 153 treatment. 4‐Chlorobiphenyl (PCB 3), PCB 28, and PCB 153 treatment of Sprague‐Dawley rats resulted in a large increase in protein binding to a consensus activated protein‐1 (AP‐1) element. However, 3,4‐dichlorobiphenyl (PCB 12) and 3,3′,4,4′‐tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB 77) treatments did not increase AP‐1 transcription activity. Further analysis of the proteins binding to the AP‐1 consensus sequence with antibodies specific for c‐fos, junD, and junB indicated that the protein composition consists of junD proteins. These data showed functional differences between noncoplanar and coplanar PCBs with respect to STAT activation and AP‐1–DNA binding. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.