bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrahigh Degree of Cationic Disorder, Configurational Entropy in New Type of High‐Entropy Pseudobrookite Phase
Authors: Wu Jinyu , Zhang JinFeng , Hu Xiaoxia , Xie Haijiao , Yan Liwen , Hou Feng , Liu Jiachen , Ma Xiaohui , Guo Anran 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHigh‐entropy ceramics exhibit various excellent properties owing to their high configurational entropy, which is caused by multi‐principal elements sharing one lattice site. The configurational entropy will further increase significantly if multi‐principal elements randomly share two different lattice sites. For this purpose, pseudobrookite phase containing two cationic lattice sites (A and B sites) is selected, and corresponding high‐entropy pseudobrookite (M2+0.4M3+1.2)Ti1.4O5 is synthesized. Herein, the distribution of the 2‐valent and 3‐valent cations in the A and B sites are analysed in depth. The distance between the A and B sites in the crystal structure models which are constructed by the Rietveld analysis is calculated and defined as distance d. Meanwhile, the atomic column positions in the STEM images are quantified by a model‐based mathematical algorithm, and the corresponding distance d are calculated. By comparing the distance d, it is determine that the 2‐valent and 3‐valent cations are jointly and disorderly distributed in the A and B sites in high‐entropy (M2+0.4M3+1.2)Ti1.4O5. The density functional theory (DFT) simulations also demonstrate that this type of crystal structure is more thermodynamically stable. The higher degree of cationic disorder leads to a higher configurational entropy in high‐entropy (M2+0.4M3+1.2)Ti1.4O5, and endows high‐entropy (M2+0.4M3+1.2)Ti1.4O5 with very low thermal conductivity (1.187−1.249 W m−1 K−1).
Integrale Bogenfachwerkbrücke über die A3 am Autobahnkreuz Fürth/Erlangen
Authors: Donner Jacqueline , Feil Angelika , Grassl Hans , Karpa Markus 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDer sechsstreifige Ausbau der A3 zwischen dem AK Fürth/Erlangen und dem AK Biebelried führte zum Neubau eines Überführungsbauwerks ohne Mittelunterstützung mit 70 m lichter Weite. Als Ergebnis eines Realisierungswettbewerbs wurde ein integrales Bogenfachwerk als Auftaktbauwerk ausgewählt. Die innovative Verknüpfung von Bogen und Fachwerk führte zu einem sehr effizienten und robusten Tragwerk und einer äußerst flachen Überspannung der Autobahn. Bei der Planung wurden alle Aspekte der Nachhaltigkeit berücksichtigt – Wirtschaftlichkeit, Dauerhaftigkeit, Umweltverträglichkeit und Ästhetik. Innovative Details wie eine Bordsteinlinienentwässerung oder eine besondere Gestaltung der Untersicht mit gevouteten Fertigteilen führten zu einem Maximum an Funktionalität und Dauerhaftigkeit in Kombination mit guter Gestaltung. Für diesen Beitrag zur Formenvielfalt im heutigen Brückenbau erhielt das Bauwerk den Deutschen Ingenieurpreis Straße und Verkehr 2023 in der Kategorie Baukultur.
Is removal and destruction of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances from wastewater effluent affordable?
Authors: Ling Alison L. , Vermace Rebecca R. , McCabe Andrew J. , Wolohan Kathryn M. , Kyser Scott J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSeveral jurisdictions are currently evaluating regulatory standards for perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in municipal water resource recovery facility (WRRF) effluent. Effective and responsible implementation of PFAS effluent limits should consider the costs and capabilities of currently available technologies, because the costs of meeting WRRF PFAS limits could disproportionally fall to ratepayers. Cost curves were developed for currently available PFAS separation and destruction options, assuming effluent treatment targets near current analytical detection limits. Removing and destroying PFAS from municipal WRRF effluent is estimated to increase costs per household by a factor of between 2 and 210, using Minnesota‐specific data as an example. Estimated costs per household would increase more for residents of smaller communities, averaging 33% of median household income (MHHI) in communities smaller than 1000 people. This exceeds the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)‐developed affordability index of 2% of MHHI by a factor of 16. Estimated costs per household to remove and destroy PFAS varied among locations, primarily based on WRRF and community size, median income, rural versus urban, and type of wastewater treatment processes currently used.Practitioner Points
Required tertiary treatment before WRRF effluent PFAS separation, using currently available technologies, is a significant portion (~40–80%) of estimated costs.
Adding PFAS separation, destruction, and pre‐treatment would make Minnesota wastewater rates unaffordable (defined by EPA affordability guidance) without external funding.
The estimated cost per household is higher for smaller communities and would require substantial external funding to maintain rate affordability.
Design and operating uncertainties remain for full‐scale WRRF retrofits to consistently remove and destroy effluent PFAS with limited full‐scale applications.
Using heart rate variability to develop a predictive model for post‐operative cardiovascular complications following major abdominal surgery: A pilot study
Authors: Koo Chee Hoe , Xue Bai , Yik Vanessa , Seow‐En Isaac , Ong Marcus Eng Hock , Tan Emile Kwong‐Wei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundHeart Rate Variability (HRV) is a dynamic reflection of heart rhythm regulation by various physiological inputs. HRV deviations have been found to correlate with clinical outcomes in patients under physiological stresses. Perioperative cardiovascular complications occur in up to 5% of adult patients undergoing abdominal surgery and are associated with significantly increased mortality. This pilot study aimed to develop a predictive model for post‐operative cardiovascular complications using HRV parameters for early risk stratification and aid post‐operative clinical decision‐making.MethodsAdult patients admitted to High Dependency Units after elective major abdominal surgery were recruited. The primary composite outcome was defined as cardiovascular complications within 7 days post‐operatively. ECG monitoring for HRV parameters was conducted at three time points (pre‐operative, immediately post‐operative, and post‐operative day 1) and analyzed based on outcome group and time interactions. Candidate HRV predictors were included in a multivariable logistic regression analysis incorporating a stepwise selection algorithm.Results89 patients were included in the analysis, with 8 experiencing cardiovascular complications. Three HRV parameters, when measured immediately post‐operatively and composited with patient age, provided the basis for a predictive model with AUC of 0.980 (95% CI: 0.953, 1.00). The negative predictive value was 1.00 at a statistically optimal predicted probability cut‐off point of 0.16.ConclusionOur model holds potential for accelerating clinical decision‐making and aiding in patient triaging post‐operatively, using easily acquired HRV parameters. Risk stratification with our model may enable safe early step‐down care in patients assessed to have a low risk profile of post‐operative cardiovascular complications.
Norm Attaining Elements of the Ball Algebra $$H^\infty (B_N)$$
Authors: Aron Richard M. , Bonet José , Maestre Manuel 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLet $$B_N$$

B
N

be the Euclidean ball of $${\mathbb {C}}^N$$

C

N

. The space $$H^\infty (B_N)$$

H
∞

(

B
N

)

of bounded holomorphic functions on $$B_N$$

B
N

is known to have a predual, denoted by $$G^\infty (B_N)$$

G
∞

(

B
N

)

. We study the functions in $$H^\infty (B_N)$$

H
∞

(

B
N

)

that attain their norm as elements of the dual of $$G^\infty (B_N)$$

G
∞

(

B
N

)

. We also examine similar questions for the polydisc algebra $$H^\infty ({\mathbb {D}}^N)$$

H
∞

(

D

N

)

and for the space of Dirichlet series $$ {\mathcal {D}}^\infty ({\mathbb {C}}_+).$$

D

∞

(

C
+

)

.
No role for standard imaging workup of patients with clinically evident necrotizing soft tissue infections: a national retrospective multicenter cohort study
Authors: Brands Sanne R. , Nawijn Femke , Foppen Wouter , Hietbrink Falco 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the diagnostic contribution of different imaging studies to diagnose necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs) and the time to surgery in relation to imaging with the hypothesis that imaging studies may lead to significant delays without being able to sufficiently dismiss or confirm the diagnosis since a NSTI is a surgical diagnosis.

Methods
A retrospective multicenter cohort study of all NSTI patients between 2010 and 2020 was conducted. The primary outcome was the number of cases in which imaging contributed to or led to change in treatment. The secondary outcomes were time to treatment determined by the time from presentation to surgery and patient outcomes (amputation, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, length of ICU stay, hospital stay, and mortality).

Results
A total of 181 eligible NSTI patients were included. The overall mortality was 21% (n = 38). Ninety-eight patients (53%) received imaging in the diagnostic workup. In patients with a clinical suspicion of a NSTI, 81% (n = 85) went directly to the operating room and 19% (n = 20) underwent imaging before surgery; imaging was contributing in only 15% (n = 3) by ruling out or determining underlying causes. In patients without a clinical suspicion of a NSTI, the diagnosis of NSTI was considered in 35% and only after imaging was obtained.

Conclusion
In patients with clinically evident NSTIs, there is no role for standard imaging workup unless it is used to examine underlying diseases (e.g., diverticulitis, pancreatitis). In atypical presenting NSTIs, CT or MRI scans provided the most useful information. To prevent unnecessary imaging and radiation and not delay treatment, the decision to perform imaging studies in patients with a clinical suspicion of a NSTI must be made extremely careful.
3D-assisted corrective osteotomies of the distal radius: a comparison of pre-contoured conventional implants versus patient-specific implants
Authors: Oldhoff Miriam G. E. , Assink Nick , Kraeima Joep , de Vries Jean-Paul P. M. , ten Duis Kaj , Meesters Anne M. L. , IJpma Frank F. A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
There is a debate whether corrective osteotomies of the distal radius should be performed using a 3D work-up with pre-contoured conventional implants (i.e., of-the-shelf) or patient-specific implants (i.e., custom-made). This study aims to assess the postoperative accuracy of 3D-assisted correction osteotomy of the distal radius using either implant.

Methods
Twenty corrective osteotomies of the distal radius were planned using 3D technologies and performed on Thiel embalmed human cadavers. Our workflow consisted of virtual surgical planning and 3D printed guides for osteotomy and repositioning. Subsequently, left radii were fixated with patient-specific implants, and right radii were fixated with pre-contoured conventional implants. The accuracy of the corrections was assessed through measurement of rotation, dorsal and radial angulation and translations with postoperative CT scans in comparison to their preoperative virtual plan.

Results
Twenty corrective osteotomies were executed according to their plan. The median differences between the preoperative plan and postoperative results were 2.6° (IQR: 1.6–3.9°) for rotation, 1.4° (IQR: 0.6–2.9°) for dorsal angulation, 4.7° (IQR: 2.9–5.7°) for radial angulation, and 2.4 mm (IQR: 1.3–2.9 mm) for translation of the distal radius, thus sufficient for application in clinical practice. There was no significant difference in accuracy of correction when comparing pre-contoured conventional implants with patient-specific implants.

Conclusion
3D-assisted corrective osteotomy of the distal radius with either pre-contoured conventional implants or patient-specific implants results in accurate corrections. The choice of implant type should not solely depend on accuracy of the correction, but also be based on other considerations like the availability of resources and the preoperative assessment of implant fitting.
An experimental assessment and optimisation of hole quality in Al2024-T3 aluminium alloy during abrasive water jet machining
Authors: Shi Hang , Giasin Khaled , Barouni Antigoni , Zhang Zhongyi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOwing to its outstanding properties such as corrosion resistance, low density, relatively low cost, and stiffness, Al2024-T3 aluminium alloy has been widely applied in aircraft manufacturing. To perfectly assemble an aircraft, numerous high-quality holes are drilled into its structures employing conventional drilling processes. Conventional drilling poses some challenges such as thermal distortions, burr formations, and tool wear. Alternatively, abrasive water jet drilling (AWJD) is a thermal-free machining process that can be employed as an alternative to conventional drilling of aeronautical structures. Hence, in this work, the effect of abrasive water jet parameters, namely stand-off distance, water jet pressure, and abrasive mass flow rate, on hole-quality parameters was evaluated at traverse speed = 10 mm/min. Three parameters were stand-off distance = 1, 2, and 3 mm, abrasive mass flow rate = 200, 250, and 300 g/min, and water jet pressure = 1800, 2100, and 2600 bar. Using a 6 mm circular-movement diameter of the nozzle tip, optimal stand-off distance, water jet pressure, and abrasive mass flow rate obtained by multi-objective optimization were 2 mm, 250 g/min, and 2600 bar, respectively. The corresponding hole-quality parameters were Diameter = 6.232 mm, Kerf angle = 0.018°, Cylindricity = 0.051 mm, Perpendicularity = 0.033 mm, Circularity = 0.0041 mm and Surface roughness Ra = 2.909 µm. The results showed that water jet pressure had the greatest influence on Perpendicularity, Circularity; stand-off distance had the highest effect on Kerf angle; and abrasive mass flow rate has the largest influence on Hole diameter, Cylindricity and Surface roughness Ra, and Rz at the given value of traverse speed. The adopted optimization process for abrasive water jet of Al2024-T3 aluminium alloy was successfully verified through confirmation runs, clearly illustrating its benefits.
Expression analysis of lymphocyte subsets and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio: reveling immunosuppression and chronic inflammation in breast cancer
Authors: Zhang Hao , Li Yan , Liu Gang , Chen Xin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Objective
To explore the immune status and chronic inflammation of breast cancer patients, this study aims to analyze the diagnostic value of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets (CD3+T, CD4+T, CD8+T, CD3+CD4−CD8−T, CD19+B, and NK cells) and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) for breast cancer. Furthermore, it seeks to examine the correlation between these subsets and LMR with clinicopathological features.

Methods
A total of 100 breast cancer patients were selected as the experimental group, while 55 patients with benign breast diseases were included in the control group. Statistical analysis, including the Wilcoxon test, Kruskal–Wallis test and the receiver operating characteristic curve, was employed to investigate the association between these serum indexes and the clinicopathological characteristics of the patients.

Results
The levels of CD3+T cells, CD4+T cells, CD8+T cells, CD4+/CD8+ ratio, NK cells, CD3+CD4−CD8−T cells, and LMR were found to be related to the occurrence of breast cancer when analyzing data from patients with benign and malignant breast diseases. Among these biomarkers, CD3+T cells, CD4+T cells, CD4+/CD8+ ratio, CD3+CD4−CD8−T cells, and LMR were identified as independent risk factors for breast cancer development, and the AUCs were 0.760, 0.750, 0.598, 0.697, and 0.761 (P < 0.05), respectively. Furthermore, we observed varying degrees of differences in the expression of CD3+T cells, CD4+T cells, CD8+T cells, CD4+/CD8+ ratio, and LMR in lymph node metastasis, clinical staging, molecular typing, Ki-67 level (P < 0.05). However, statistical differences in histologic grade and pathology type were not found (P ≥ 0.05).

Conclusion
Lymphocyte subsets and LMR reflect the immune status and chronic inflammation of the body, respectively. They have certain value in the diagnosis of benign and malignant breast diseases, and correlate with lymph node metastasis, clinical staging, molecular typing and other clinicopathological features of breast cancer. Therefore, monitoring the expression of lymphocyte subsets and LMR in the body may help the auxiliary diagnosis and condition analysis of breast cancer in the clinic.
Designing a 3D gestural interface to support user interaction with time-oriented data as immersive 3D radar charts
Authors: Reski Nico , Alissandrakis Aris , Kerren Andreas 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe design of intuitive three-dimensional user interfaces is vital for interaction in virtual reality, allowing to effectively close the loop between a human user and the virtual environment. The utilization of 3D gestural input allows for useful hand interaction with virtual content by directly grasping visible objects, or through invisible gestural commands that are associated with corresponding features in the immersive 3D space. The design of such interfaces remains complex and challenging. In this article, we present a design approach for a three-dimensional user interface using 3D gestural input with the aim to facilitate user interaction within the context of Immersive Analytics. Based on a scenario of exploring time-oriented data in immersive virtual reality using 3D Radar Charts, we implemented a rich set of features that is closely aligned with relevant 3D interaction techniques, data analysis tasks, and aspects of hand posture comfort. We conducted an empirical evaluation $$(n=12)$$

(
n
=
12
)

, featuring a series of representative tasks to evaluate the developed user interface design prototype. The results, based on questionnaires, observations, and interviews, indicate good usability and an engaging user experience. We are able to reflect on the implemented hand-based grasping and gestural command techniques, identifying aspects for improvement in regard to hand detection and precision as well as emphasizing a prototype’s ability to infer user intent for better prevention of unintentional gestures.
Predicting the spatio-temporal dynamics of Popillia japonica populations
Authors: Gilioli Gianni , Sperandio Giorgio , Simonetto Anna , Ciampitti Mariangela , Cavagna Beniamino , Bianchi Alessandro , Battisti Andrea , Mori Nicola , De Francesco Andrea , Gervasio Paola 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe developed a reaction–diffusion model to describe the spatio-temporal dynamics of the Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica Newman), based on adult abundance data collected by the Regional Phytosanitary Service during the monitoring activities in the infested area in Lombardy (northern Italy), from 2015 to 2021. The model simulated the abundance of the pest, with a discrete time step of one year along linear trajectories departing from an initial point of establishment. The model allowed the determination of the rate of expansion (i.e. the speed at which the leading edge of a population wave moves over time) of the pest along 13 different trajectories, ranging from 4.5 to 13.8 km/y, with a mean value of 8.2 km/y. Finally, we developed a land suitability index that summarises the effect of land use on the trajectory-specific rate of expansion of P. japonica. Specifically, the model revealed an increase in the rate of expansion of 260 m per year for each additional percentage point in the land suitability index. The model presented and the knowledge acquired in this work represent an important step forward in the comprehension of P. japonica population dynamics, and they represent important elements for the development of a decision support tool for pest risk managers to design and implement scientifically driven management actions.
To Use or Not to Use: Exploring Therapists’ Experiences with Pre-Treatment EMA-Based Personalized Feedback in the TheraNet Project
Authors: Hall Mila , Lappenbusch Lisa M. , Wiegmann Emily , Rubel Julian A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground: Using idiographic network models in psychotherapy has been a growing area of interest. However, little is known about the perceived clinical utility of network models. The present study aims to explore therapists’ experiences with network model-based feedback within the context of the TheraNet Project. Methods: In total, 18 therapists who had received network-based feedback for at least 1 patient at least 2 months prior were invited to retrospective focus groups. The focus group questions related to how participation in the study influenced the therapeutic relationship, how the networks were used, and what might improve their clinical utility. The transcribed focus groups were analyzed descriptively using qualitative content analysis. Results: Most therapists mentioned using the feedback to support their existingtheir case concept, while fewer therapists discussed the feedback directly with the patients. Several barriers to using the feedback were discussed, as well as various suggestions for how to make it more clinically useful. Many therapists reported skepticism with regards to research in the outpatient training center in general, though they were also all pleasantly surprised by being involved, having their opinions heard, and showing a readiness to adapt research to their needs/abilities. Conclusions: This study highlights the gap between researchers’ and therapists’ perceptions about what useful feedback should look like. The TheraNet therapists’ interest in adapting the feedback and building more informative feedback systems signals a general openness to the implementation of clinically relevant research. We provide suggestions for future implementations of network-based feedback systems in the outpatient clinical training center setting.
Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment framework for Uganda: a stochastic event-based modelling approach
Authors: Oleng Morris , Ozdemir Zuhal , Pilakoutas Kypros 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUganda lies between the eastern and western arms of the East African Rift System, the largest seismically active rift above sea level. With increasing population, urbanisation and rapid construction, seismic risk in the country is escalating fast and is compounded by the high vulnerability of the building stock and inadequate disaster prevention and mitigation strategies. Hence, there is an urgent need to assess Uganda’s resilience against seismic risks. This paper presents a Monte-Carlo based probabilistic seismic hazard model for Uganda, as the first step towards the development of a seismic risk and resilience assessment framework for the country. In addition to fault segment data, earthquake catalogues are compiled for the period between 1900 and 2022 to estimate recurrence parameters for source zones in the area of interest. Area source zones incorporating focal mechanisms are used to stochastically model a national hazard framework for Uganda. A logic tree approach is applied to implement four ground motion prediction equations for both stable continental and active shallow crust geologies. Mean hazard curves, uniform hazard spectra, earthquake disaggregation and spectral pseudo-accelerations for major Ugandan cities are derived in addition to hazard maps for the country. The findings are largely consistent with previous regional studies and confirm that western Uganda is exposed to the highest level of seismicity. The model presented herein can be used to kick-start the update and continuous improvement of Uganda Seismic Design Code and the National Policy for Disaster Preparedness and Management.