bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptomic analysis reveals the beneficial effects of salt priming on enhancing defense responses in upland cotton under successive salt stress
Authors: Nazir Mian Faisal , Chen Baojun , Umer Muhammad Jawad , Sarfraz Zareen , Peng Zhen , He Shoupu , Iqbal Muhammad Shahid , Wang Jingjing , Li Hongge , Pan Zhaoe , Hu Daowu , Song Meizhen , Du Xiongming 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPriming‐mediated stress tolerance in plants stimulates defense mechanisms and enables plants to cope with future stresses. Seed priming has been proven effective for tolerance against abiotic stresses; however, underlying genetic mechanisms are still unknown. We aimed to assess upland cotton genotypes and their transcriptional behaviors under salt priming and successive induced salt stress. We pre‐selected 16 genotypes based on previous studies and performed morpho‐physiological characterization, from which we selected three genotypes, representing different tolerance levels, for transcriptomic analysis. We subjected these genotypes to four different treatments: salt priming (P0), salt priming with salinity dose at 3‐true‐leaf stage (PD), salinity dose at 3‐true‐leaf stage without salt priming (0D), and control (CK). Although the three genotypes displayed distinct expression patterns, we identified common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under PD enriched in pathways related to transferase activity, terpene synthase activity, lipid biosynthesis, and regulation of acquired resistance, indicating the beneficial role of salt priming in enhancing salt stress resistance. Moreover, the number of unique DEGs associated with G. hirsutum purpurascens was significantly higher compared to other genotypes. Coexpression network analysis identified 16 hub genes involved in cell wall biogenesis, glucan metabolic processes, and ribosomal RNA binding. Functional characterization of XTH6 (XYLOGLUCAN ENDOTRANSGLUCOSYLASE/HYDROLASE) using virus‐induced gene silencing revealed that suppressing its expression improves plant growth under salt stress. Overall, findings provide insights into the regulation of candidate genes in response to salt stress and the beneficial effects of salt priming on enhancing defense responses in upland cotton.
A characteristic of olfactory function in four types of dementia and non‐dementia subjects using smell identification test
Authors: Yamashita Yuuji , Shoji Yoshihisa , Yanagimoto Hiroko , Morita Kiichiro , Kodama Hideya , Tsuruhisa Yuuki , Ookawa Junji 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundFor those outpatients who were consulted for memory loss, the Japanese version of University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT‐J) was performed to examine olfactory function. In the same way, the revised version of Hasegawa Dementia Scale, Mini Mental State Examination, Clinical Dementia Rating and brain magnetic resonance imaging were used to investigate the cognitive function. In the present study, we evaluated the olfactory function of elderly subjects, including those with dementia, by means of UPSIT‐J and we examined their characteristics.MethodsThe characteristics of dementia as Alzheimer type group (AD.G), mixed type group (MixD.G), vascular type group (VaD.G), dementia with Lewy bodies group (DLB.G) and the groups which had no dementia as low score group (LS.G), high score group (HS.G), and healthy group (H.G), were examined.ResultsThe numbers of olfactory discriminating scores (nODS) were significantly lower in all the dementia groups than in all the LS.G, HS.G and the H.G. No significant difference was observed in nODS between AD.G and DLB.G. The rate of nODS with less than five scores were as follows: AD.G (80.1%), MixD.G (91.5%), VaD.G (63.1%), DLB.G (89.6%), LS.G (50.8%), HS.G (18.6%), H.G (15.6%). A significant positive correlation was found between nODS and Hasegawa Dementia Scale and Mini Mental State Examination scores (r = 0.567, r = 0.532, respectively), which was significant negatively correlated for Clinical Dementia Rating (r = −0.578). A significant negative correlation was observed between nODS and Z score of voxel‐based specific regional analysis for Z score of Alzheimer's disease (VSRAD) (r = 0.463).ConclusionnODS showed a significant correlation between cognitive function tests and brain atrophy level. These results indicate that UPSIT‐J is considered a psycho‐physiological index useful for the diagnosis and early detection of dementia.
Using teacher and student noticing to understand engagement in secondary mathematics lessons
Authors: Mohammad Mirzaei Amanda , Jansen Amanda , Headrick Lorna , Middleton James 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe investigated what high school mathematics teachers and their students noticed about students’ mathematical engagement to develop a framework for teachers’ and students’ noticing of mathematical engagement. This framework offers clarity about the complexity of engagement, and it includes three elements: evaluations of the valence of engagement (whether students were engaged or disengaged), descriptions of dimensions of engagement (affective, behavioral, cognitive, instrumental, social, or relatedness), and features of engagement (interpretations of what took place in the classroom to support or constrain students’ engagement). We interviewed 30 sets of high school mathematics teachers and focus groups of their students and asked them to reflect on students’ engagement during a videotaped lesson from their classrooms. Results illustrate cases of how noticing of engagement between teachers and students can be shared (or not), from strongly shared (agreement on all three elements in the framework), partially shared (agreement on two elements), and minimally shared (agreement on one element). Cases of partially and minimally shared noticing of engagement suggest opportunities for teachers to learn about their students’ perspectives or how to communicate with students about their intentions for engaging them.
Improved production of the antidiabetic metabolite montbretin A in Nicotiana benthamiana: discovery, characterization, and use of Crocosmia shikimate shunt genes
Authors: Kruse Lars H. , Sunstrum Frederick G. , Garcia Daniela , López Pérez Guillermo , Jancsik Sharon , Bohlmann Joerg , Irmisch Sandra 
Published: November 2023

SUMMARYThe plant‐specialized metabolite montbretin A (MbA) is being developed as a new treatment option for type‐2 diabetes, which is among the ten leading causes of premature death and disability worldwide. MbA is a complex acylated flavonoid glycoside produced in small amounts in below‐ground organs of the perennial plant Montbretia (Crocosmia × crocosmiiflora). The lack of a scalable production system limits the development and potential application of MbA as a pharmaceutical or nutraceutical. Previous efforts to reconstruct montbretin biosynthesis in Nicotiana benthamiana (Nb) resulted in low yields of MbA and higher levels of montbretin B (MbB) and montbretin C (MbC). MbA, MbB, and MbC are nearly identical metabolites differing only in their acyl moieties, derived from caffeoyl‐CoA, coumaroyl‐CoA, and feruloyl‐CoA, respectively. In contrast to MbA, MbB and MbC are not pharmaceutically active. To utilize the montbretia caffeoyl‐CoA biosynthesis for improved MbA engineering in Nb, we cloned and characterized enzymes of the shikimate shunt of the general phenylpropanoid pathway, specifically hydroxycinnamoyl‐CoA: shikimate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (CcHCT), p‐coumaroylshikimate 3′‐hydroxylase (CcC3′H), and caffeoylshikimate esterase (CcCSE). Gene expression patterns suggest that CcCSE enables the predominant formation of MbA, relative to MbB and MbC, in montbretia. This observation is supported by results from in vitro characterization of CcCSE and reconstruction of the shikimate shunt in yeast. Using CcHCT together with montbretin biosynthetic genes in multigene constructs resulted in a 30‐fold increase of MbA in Nb. This work advances our understanding of the phenylpropanoid pathway and features a critical step towards improved MbA production in bioengineered Nb.
Acute and prolonged competing effects of activation history on human motor unit firing rates during contractile impairment and recovery
Authors: Zero Alexander M. , Fanous Jacob , Rice Charles L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of inducing post‐activation potentiation (PAP) during prolonged low‐frequency force depression (PLFFD) on motor unit (MU) firing rates. In 10 participants, grouped firing rates of 3027 MUs from the tibialis anterior were recorded with tungsten microelectrodes. Baseline MU firing rates at 25% isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) were ∼14 Hz. A 1 min dorsiflexion MVC reduced torque and maximal MU firing rates (36 Hz) by 49% and 52%, respectively. Following task completion, firing rates at 25% of baseline MVC torque and torque in response to electrically evoked (single twitch, 10 Hz and 50 Hz) stimulation were assessed before and after a 5 s MVC (to induce PAP) every 10 min for 60 min. From 10 to 60 min after task completion, the torque ratios (twitch:50 Hz and 10:50 Hz) were depressed (∼30%) relative to baseline (P < 0.001), indicating PLFFD; and firing rates were higher by ∼15% relative to baseline (P < 0.001). This occurred despite recovery of MVC rates (∼99%) and torque (∼95%) by 10 min (P > 0.3). Inducing PAP during PLFFD increased both low to high torque ratios (twitch and 10:50 Hz) by ∼200% and ∼135%, respectively (P < 0.001) and firing rates were ∼18% lower relative to PLFFD rates (P < 0.001), despite a speeding of evoked contractile properties (P = 0.001). Thus, firing rates appear strongly matched to alterations in torque, rather than contractile speed when modified by contractile history, and lower rates during PAP may be a mechanism to mitigate effects of PLFFD. The effect of activation history on contractile function demonstrates acute compensatory responses of motoneuron output.
imageKey points
Prolonged low frequency force depression (PLFFD) following a sustained 1 min isometric maximal voluntary contraction causes an increase in submaximal mean motor unit (MU) firing rates.
Inducing post‐activation potentiation (PAP) during PLFFD, however, causes a reduction in mean submaximal MU firing rates to a level below those at baseline.
The mean firing rate reduction during PAP occurs despite a speeding of evoked contractile properties and thus firing rates are more strongly matched to alterations in torque, rather than contractile speed when modified by various contractile histories.
The reductions in firing rates during PAP may mitigate the effects of PLFFD during voluntary contractions.
These results demonstrate that firing rates are highly responsive to opposing influences on the contractile state and can make rapid compensatory rate adjustments dependent on the active state of the muscle.
Commensal protists in reptiles display flexible host range and adaptation to ectothermic hosts
Authors: Gerrick Elias R. , DeSchepper Leila B. , Mechler Claire M. , Joubert Lydia-Marie , Dunker Freeland , Colston Timothy J. , Howitt Michael R. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
The eukaryome of mammals contains parabasalid protists that dramatically affect host immune function and health. However, the prevalence and diversity of parabasalids in wild reptiles and the consequences of captivity on these symbiotic protists are unknown. Reptiles are ectothermic, which expose their microbiomes to temperature fluctuations such as those driven by climate change. Thus, conservation efforts for threatened reptile species may benefit from understanding how shifts in temperature and captive breeding influence the microbiota, including parabasalids, to impact host fitness and disease susceptibility. Here, we surveyed intestinal parabasalids in wild reptiles from across three continents and compared these to captive animals. Reptiles harbor surprisingly few species of parabasalids compared to mammals, but these protists exhibited a flexible host range, suggesting specific adaptations to reptilian social structures and microbiota transmission. Furthermore, reptile-associated parabasalids are adapted to wide temperature ranges and survive colder temperatures significantly better than human-associated parabasalids. Colder temperatures altered the protist transcriptomes, causing increased expression of genes associated with detrimental interactions with their hosts. Our findings establish that parabasalids are widely distributed in the microbiota of both wild and captive reptiles and highlight how these protists respond to temperature fluctuations encountered in their ectothermic hosts.

IMPORTANCE
Environmental factors like climate change and captive breeding can impact the gut microbiota and host health. Therefore, conservation efforts for threatened species may benefit from understanding how these factors influence animal microbiomes. Parabasalid protists are members of the mammalian microbiota that can modulate the immune system and impact susceptibility to infections. However, little is known about parabasalids in reptiles. Here, we profile reptile-associated parabasalids in wild and captive reptiles and find that captivity has minimal impact on parabasalid prevalence or diversity. However, because reptiles are cold-blooded (ectothermic), their microbiotas experience wider temperature fluctuation than microbes in warm-blooded animals. To investigate whether extreme weather patterns affect parabasalid-host interactions, we analyzed the gene expression in reptile-associated parabasalids and found that temperature differences significantly alter genes associated with host health. These results expand our understanding of parabasalids in this vulnerable vertebrate group and highlight important factors to be taken into consideration for conservation efforts.
Genetic and functional enrichments associated with
Enterococcus faecalis
isolated from the urinary tract
Authors: Sharon Belle M. , Arute Amanda P. , Nguyen Amber , Tiwari Suman , Reddy Bonthu Sri Snehita , Hulyalkar Neha V. , Neugent Michael L. , Palacios Araya Dennise , Dillon Nicholas A. , Zimmern Philippe E. , Palmer Kelli L. , De Nisco Nicole J. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Enterococcus faecalis
is the leading Gram-positive bacterial species implicated in urinary tract infection (UTI). An opportunistic pathogen,
E. faecalis
is a commensal of the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT), and its presence in the GIT is a predisposing factor for UTI. How
E. faecalis
colonizes and survives in the urinary tract (UT) is poorly understood, especially in uncomplicated or recurrent UTI. The UT is distinct from the GIT and is characterized by a sparse nutrient landscape and unique environmental stressors. In this study, we isolated and sequenced a collection of 37 clinical
E. faecalis
strains from the urine of primarily postmenopausal women. We generated 33 closed genome assemblies and 4 highly contiguous draft assemblies and conducted a comparative genomics analysis study to identify genetic features enriched in urinary
E. faecalis
with respect to
E. faecalis
isolated from the human GIT and blood. Phylogenetic analysis revealed high diversity among urinary strains and a closer relatedness between urine and gut isolates than blood isolates. Plasmid replicon (rep) typing further underscored possible UT-GIT interconnection, identifying nine shared rep types between urine and gut
E. faecalis
. Both genotypic and phenotypic analyses of antimicrobial resistance among urinary
E. faecalis
revealed infrequent resistance to the front-line UTI antibiotics nitrofurantoin and fluoroquinolones and no vancomycin resistance. Finally, comparing gene presence and absence among urinary and gut strains, we identified 19 candidate genes enriched among urinary strains. These genes are involved in the core processes of sugar transport, cobalamin import, glucose metabolism, and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression.

IMPORTANCE

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a global health issue that imposes a substantial burden on healthcare systems. Women are disproportionately affected by UTI, with >60% of women experiencing at least one UTI in their lifetime. UTIs can recur, particularly in postmenopausal women, leading to diminished quality of life and potentially life-threatening complications. Understanding how pathogens colonize and survive in the urinary tract is necessary to identify new therapeutic targets that are urgently needed due to rising rates of antimicrobial resistance. How
Enterococcus faecalis
, a bacterium commonly associated with UTI, adapts to the urinary tract remains understudied. Here, we generated a collection of high-quality closed genome assemblies of clinical urinary
E. faecalis
isolated from the urine of postmenopausal women that we used alongside detailed clinical metadata to perform a robust comparative genomic investigation of genetic factors that may be involved in
E. faecalis
survival in the urinary tract.
A CAF01-adjuvanted whole asexual blood-stage liposomal malaria vaccine induces a CD4
+
T-cell-dependent strain-transcending protective immunity in rodent models
Authors: Okoth Winter A. , Ho Mei-Fong , Zaman Mehfuz , Cooper Emily , Som Priyanka , Burgess Mark , Walton Maddison , Nevagi Reshma J. , Beattie Lynette , Murphy Declan , Stanisic Danielle I. , Good Michael F. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Malaria is a leading cause of illness and death in children under 5 years of age in Sub-Saharan Africa. Currently, there is no highly efficacious malaria vaccine capable of inducing long-lasting immunity. This has increased interest in exploring different vaccine development strategies, including whole-parasite vaccines, and utilizing more effective adjuvant delivery systems. Here, we evaluate the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a whole-parasite
Plasmodium yoelii
17X blood-stage vaccine formulated with the clinically tested cationic adjuvant formulation, CAF01. The vaccine protected both inbred and outbred mice, and protected mice from homologous and heterologous challenge infections. Tracking of RBC subsets in vaccinated mice demonstrated that vaccine-induced immunity cleared parasitized normocytes as well as reticulocytes. Infection prior to vaccination led to an augmented level of protection and boosted immunity post vaccination. The vaccine induced parasite-specific IgG, mainly of the IgG1 subclass, and cellular responses, with a mixed Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokine profile. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that CD4
+
T-cells (but not CD8
+
T-cells), and Th1 and Th2 cytokines (interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor, IL-10) were critical in controlling parasitemia and survival following challenge. Vaccinated µMT mice were not protected, suggesting that B-cells also play a role in protective immunity. Depletion of splenic macrophages with clodronate did not affect vaccine efficacy. These pre-clinical findings will inform the transition of this vaccine candidate into clinical trials.

IMPORTANCE
Malaria is a devastating disease that has claimed many lives, especially children <5 years of age in Sub-Saharan Africa, as documented in World Malaria Reports by WHO. Even though vector control and chemoprevention tools have helped with elimination efforts in some, if not all, endemic areas, these efforts have been hampered by serious issues (including drug and insecticide resistance and disruption to social cohesion caused by the COVID-19 pandemic). Development of an effective malaria vaccine is the alternative preventative tool in the fight against malaria. Vaccines save millions of lives each year and have helped in elimination and/or eradication of global diseases. Development of a highly efficacious malaria vaccine that will ensure long-lasting protective immunity will be a “game-changing” prevention strategy to finally eradicate the disease. Such a vaccine will need to counteract the significant obstacles that have been hampering subunit vaccine development to date, including antigenic polymorphism, sub-optimal immunogenicity, and waning vaccine efficacy.
Genomics data of
L. borgpetersenii
strain HP364 and
L. weilii
strain SC295 isolated from rodents captured from human leptospirosis outbreak areas in Selangor, Malaysia
Authors: Neela Vasantha Kumari , Philip Noraini , Raja Pappitha , Sekawi Zamberi 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

We report complete genome sequences of two
Leptospira
isolates,
Leptospira borgpetersenii
strain HP364 and
Leptospira weilii
strain SC295. The genome sizes of
L. borgpetersenii
strain HP364 and
L. weilii
strain SC295 were 3,874,738 bp and 4,063,712 bp, respectively. Both genomes have been deposited in NCBI GenBank.
Synthesis of 4-Methyl-6-N-(4-R-phenyl)-1-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-3-enes
Authors: Shadrikova V. A. , Shumkova A. A. , Shiryaev V. A. , Klimochkin Yu. N. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
1-Azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-ene were synthesized by the intramolecular carbocationic cyclization of 1-[2-hydroxy-2-(4-R-phenyl)ethyl]-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridines in a trifluoromethanesulfonic acid medium
Double Acylation Product in the SnCl4-promoted Reaction of 4,5-Dichlorocyclopent-4-en-1,3-dione with 1,3,5-Trimethoxybenzene
Authors: Egorov V. A. , Khasanova L. S. , Gimalova F. A. , Miftakhov M. S. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The reaction of 4,5-dichlorocyclopent-4-en-1,3-dione with 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene under Friedel–Crafts reaction conditions gave, along with the expected 5-(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)-4-chlorocyclopent-4-ene-1,3-dione, a disubstituted product―3,4-bis-(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)-2-chlorocyclopent-2-en-1-one.
Chondrosarcoma of the maxilla
Authors: Shah Kshitij D , Ezzy Mustafa Kamruddin , Patekar Shivali K , Bradoo Renuka 
Published: November 2023

A woman in her 70s reported to the outpatient department of our tertiary care hospital with chief complaints of painless swelling in the right cheek and palatal area. The patient was a known case of diabetes mellitus and hypertension on medications with controlled sugars and blood pressure. The swelling was 10×8 cm in size extending from right infraorbital region up to the lower mandible. CT demonstrated a permeative lytic pattern of bone destruction noted involving the hard palate and maxillary bone.Using the Weber Ferguson approach, a surgical resection was carried out under general anaesthesia. Resection included from right total maxillectomy (excluding roof of maxilla), nasal septum up to left medial maxillectomy including hard palate and the tumour was resected en bloc. The palatal obturator was fixed. On the basis of histopathology, grade 1 well-differentiated chondrosarcoma was diagnosed. The patient received postoperative radiotherapy and had a good recovery.