bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain lactate synthesis in thiamine deficiency: A re‐evaluation using 1H‐13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Navarro Darren , Zwingmann Claudia , Hazell Alan S. , Butterworth Roger F. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractRegion‐selective accumulation of brain lactate occurs in TD; however, the mechanisms responsible have not been elucidated fully. 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were therefore used to investigate de novo lactate synthesis from [1‐13C]glucose in vulnerable (medial thalamus) and nonvulnerable (frontal cortex) brain regions of rats made thiamine deficient by administration of the central thiamine antagonist pyrithiamine. De novo synthesis of lactate was increased in the medial thalamus to 148% and 226% of pair‐fed control values at presymptomatic and symptomatic stages of thiamine deficiency, respectively, whereas no such changes were observed in the frontal cortex. Administration of a glucose load selectively worsened the changes in medial thalamus. Pyruvate recycling and peripherally derived lactate did not contribute significantly to the lactate increase within the thiamine‐deficient brain. Increases in immunolabeling of the lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes (LDH1 and LDH5) were observed in the medial thalamus of thiamine‐deficient animals. Metabolic impairment due to thiamine deficiency thus results in increased glycolysis, increased LDH immunolabeling of neurons and astrocytes and increased de novo synthesis of lactate in brain regions vulnerable to thiamine deficiency. These results are consistent with the notion that focal lactate accumulation participates in the worsening of neurologic symptoms in thiamine‐deficient patients. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polymerizable Ester‐Type Banana Liquid Crystals: A Comparative Study of Mesophase Behavior
Authors: Fodor‐Csorba Katalin , Jákli Antal , Galli Giancarlo 
Published: November 2004

AbstractTwo families of ester‐type banana monomers are presented, 1,3‐phenylene bis{4‐[4′‐(10‐undecenyloxy)benzoyloxy]benzoate}s and 1,3‐phenylene bis{[4′‐(10‐undecenyloxy)]‐1,1′‐biphenyl‐4‐carboxylate}s, in which the nature of the substituents on the central phenyl ring and the side arms was varied. The mesophase behavior of the monomers, including B2 and B7 phases, was correlated with their chemical structure and was compared with that of analogous azomethine‐type banana mesogens. It is also shown that the banana monomers can be incorporated into new architectures of liquid crystal polymers.
Fluorinated 2‐Vinylcyclopropane Copolymers as Low Surface Energy Materials
Authors: Galli G. , Ragnoli M. , Bertolucci M. , Ober C.K. , Kramer E.J. , Chiellini E. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe surface structure and surface energy properties of fluorinated 2‐vinylcyclopropane copolymers were investigated. The copolymers were prepared by free radical ring opening polymerization of fluorinated 1 and non‐fluorinated 2 2‐vinylcyclopropanes. NEXAFS experiments proved that the film surface was ordered with the fluorinated side groups possessing a relatively high orientational order. Contact angle measurements with different interrogating liquids permitted the polymer surface tension to be estimated. These surfaces showed both hydrophobic and oleophobic character, consistent with a low surface energy.
Costs of managing urinary and faecal incontinence in a sub‐acute care facility: A “bottom‐up” approach
Authors: Morris Alastair R. , Ho Maria Theresa , Lapsley Helen , Walsh Joan , Gonski Peter , Moore Kate H. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractAimsTo measure accurately the direct costs of managing urinary and faecal incontinence in the sub‐acute care setting.Materials and MethodsProspective observational study was undertaken in two sub‐acute care units in a metropolitan hospital. A consecutive series of 29 consecutive patients with urinary and/or faecal incontinence, who were in‐patients in a geriatric rehabilitation or sub‐acute neurologic unit underwent routine timed voiding protocol, as per usual care. Face‐to‐face bedside recordings of all incontinence care, with detailed cost analysis, were undertaken.ResultsA total of 3,621 occasions of continence care were costed. The median time per 24 hr spent caring for incontinence per patient was 109 min (interquartile range 88–140). Isolated urinary incontinence episodes occurred in 28 patients (96.5%), mixed urinary/faecal incontinence episodes observed in 79.3%, and episodes of pure faecal incontinence were seen in 62%. The median costs of incontinence care in the sub‐acute setting was $49AU per 24 hr, the major share ($41) spent on staff wages. The incontinence tasks of toileting assistance, pad changes, bed changes and catheter care were spread evenly across the three 8 hr shifts of duty.ConclusionsAs our population demographics include an increasingly greater portion of the elderly, for whom long term institutional care is becoming relatively more scarce, provision of care in the sub‐acute unit that may allow rehabilitation and return to home warrants scrutiny. This is the first study that delineates the costs of managing urinary and faecal incontinence in the sub‐acute care setting. Such costs are substantial and place a heavy burden upon night‐time carers. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A rational approach to mass matrix diagonalization in two‐dimensional elastodynamics
Authors: Paraskevopoulos E. A. , Talaslidis D. G. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA variationally consistent methodology is presented, which yields diagonal mass matrices in two‐dimensional elastodynamic problems. The proposed approach avoids ad hoc procedures and applies to arbitrary quadrilateral and triangular finite elements. As a starting point, a modified variational principle in elastodynamics is used. The time derivatives of displacements, the velocities, and the momentum type variables are assumed as independent variables and are approximated using piecewise linear or constant functions and combinations of piecewise constant polynomials and Dirac distributions. It is proved that the proposed methodology ensures consistency and stability. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oncolytic herpes simplex virus mutants are more efficacious than wild‐type adenovirus Type 5 for the treatment of high‐risk neuroblastomas in preclinical models
Authors: Parikh Nehal S. , Currier Mark A. , Mahller Yonatan Y. , Adams Lisa C. , Di Pasquale Betsy , Collins Margaret H. , Cripe Timothy P. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐risk neuroblastoma (Nb) is incurable using current treatment regimens in the majority of patients. Oncolytic virotherapy is a novel approach being tested for several types of adult cancers.ObjectivesTo compare the susceptibility of Nb tumor models to oncolytic adenovirus and HSV mutants and delineate the mechanisms of resistance or sensitivity.MethodsHuman Nb cell lines were used to determine susceptibility to adenovirus type 5 wild‐type and HSV1 mutant (NV1066) infection, adenovirus receptor expression, support of NV1066 replication, and induction of apoptosis. Human xenograft tumors in immunodeficient mice were evaluated for histological effects and tumor response to intratumoral injection of an oncolytic HSV mutant.ResultsAll eight Nb cell lines tested in culture were relatively resistant to infection with wild type and attenuated adenoviruses. Cells expressed the cocksackie‐adenovirus attachment receptor (CAR) but had low or absent expression of the internalization receptors (αvβ3, αvβ5 integrins). In contrast, all cells were uniformly sensitive to infection with the attenuated HSV mutant, NV1066. Productive virus replication and induction of apoptosis were observed in HSV‐infected cells. CHLA‐20 and LAN‐5 xenograft tumors injected with a single dose of NV1066 showed a significant antitumor response, and the animals had a prolonged survival post infection in comparison to the PBS‐treated control group. HSV injected tumors showed extensive areas of necrosis and morphologic evidence of apoptosis.ConclusionsNb tumor models are resistant to adenovirus mediated oncolysis but highly sensitive to HSV mediated oncolysis. Further studies of HSV virotherapy as a novel treatment for Nb are warranted. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cystinosis
Authors: Thoene J. G. 
Published: November 2004

SummaryNephropathic cystinosis is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism characterized by the lysosomal storage of the disulphide amino acid cystine. It produces a variety of clinical manifestations including failure to thrive, the renal Fanconi syndrome, eye findings, and end‐stage renal disease. A variety of phenotypes are known; however, the molecular defect underlying any of the forms has not yet been identified. Therapy of cystinosis with cysteamine averts the otherwise inevitable renal failure, but systemic therapy does not improve the corneal keratopathy. A number of presentations in this review detail approaches to gene identification, systemic therapy with cysteamine, measurement of cystine, and pathophysiological effects at the cellular and clinical level.
Prenatal diagnosis and therapy for a patient with vitamin B12‐responsive methylmalonic acidaemia
Authors: Soda H. , Ohura T. , Yoshida I. , Aramaki S. , Aoki K. , Inokuchi T. , Mikami H. , Narisawa K. 
Published: November 2004

SummaryThe prenatal therapy is described of a patient with vitamin B12‐responsive methylmalonic acidaemia during the last 10 days of gestation with oral administration of vitamin B12 (20mg/day) given to a mother did not normalize her urinary excretion of methylmalonic acid (MMA), which was 14.5 mmol/mol creatinine at 32 weeks of gestation. Before delivery, the mother was excreting 18.9±3.3 mmol MMA/mol creatine (mean value at 7 days after vitamin B12 therapy), as well as at 32–37 weeks of gestation with no therapy. After birth, the level of MMA in the infant's urine was remarkably elevated (500–700mmol/mol creatinine); the level of MMA in maternal urine decreased dramatically after delivery. Compared with two previous reports, the length of administration was not sufficient to reduce maternal MMA excretion. In future, the length of the therapy, route of administration and total dose of vitamin B12 to maintain an efficient level of vitamin B12 in an affected fetus should be considered.
Carbamoylphosphate synthetase deficiency in an adult: Deterioration due to administration of valproic acid
Authors: Horiuchi M. , Imamura Y. , Nakamura N. , Maruyama I. , Saheki T. 
Published: November 2004

SummaryA 24‐year‐old patient had symptoms of lethargy, convulsions and hyperammonaemia during valproic acid therapy. Cessation of valproic acid treatment brought about an improvement both of the symptoms and of the hyperammonaemia. However, enzymatic analysis after the cessation of valproic acid therapy revealed a complete absence of carbamoylphosphate synthetase (CPS) activity in liver biopsy. A unique polypeptide band, corresponding to the control CPS protein in molecular weight (‘CPS‐like’ protein), was found in normal amounts in the patient's liver on sodium dodecyl sulphate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This CPS‐like protein seemed to be more labile than the control, because the polypeptide band became faint after freeze‐thawing. Intravenous administration ofl‐alanine resulted in a significant increase of serum urea and a transient increase of blood ammonia concentrations. These results strongly suggest that the patient has a labile CPS protein with no activityin vitro but some activityin vivo. We consider that valproic acid may have disrupted some metabolic adaptation by reducingN‐acetylglutamate in the liver, which in combination with CPS deficiency induced severe hyperammonaemia.
Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis defects examined in cytokine‐stimulated fibroblasts
Authors: Milstien S. , Kaufman S. , Sakai N. 
Published: November 2004

SummaryIncubation of primary skin fibroblast cultures with the cytokines interferon‐γ and tumour necrosis factor‐α stimulates thede novo pathway of tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis. Fibroblasts from patients with the two most common types of genetic defects of tetrahydrobiopterin metabolism that cause hyperphenylalaninaemia show characteristic pterin responses predicted by the nature of the defect. Cells from a child with 6‐pyruvoyl‐tetrahydropterin synthase deficiency produce higher than normal levels of neopterin and no biopterin. Fibroblasts from dihydropteridine reductase‐deficient children produce normal levels of tetrahydrobiopterin, which gradually becomes partially oxidized, and higher than normal levels of neopterin. As a model for cells with the rarest form of tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency, lack of GTP cyclohydrolase activity, normal fibroblasts were treated with 2,4‐diamino‐6‐hydroxypyrimidine to inhibit GTP cyclohydrolase activity by >90%, the level expected in patients with a GTP cyclohydrolase deficiency. Neopterin and biopterin synthesis rates of <10% of normal levels were readily detectable. Therefore, analysis of the patterns of the pterins synthesized by fibroblasts can aid in the diagnosis of the hyperphenylalaninaemias caused by disorders of tetrahydrobiopterin metabolism.
Isolated dihydroxyacetonephosphate acyltransferase deficiency presenting with developmental delay
Authors: Clayton P. T. , Eckhardt S. , Wilson J. , Hall C. M. , Yousuf Y. , Wanders R. J. A. , Schutgens R. B. H. 
Published: November 2004

SummaryA boy aged 21 months who was being investigated for developmental delay and failure to thrive was found to have punctate epiphyseal calcification. He had no evidence of rhizomelic shortening of the limbs or cataracts. Investigation revealed defective plasmalogen synthesis due to isolated deficiency of dihydroxyacetonephosphate acyltransferase (DHAP‐AT). The parents were consanguineous and a sister was similarly affected, suggesting autosomal recessive inheritance. Hitherto, recessively inherited isolated DHAP‐AT deficiency has only been described in patients with a phenotype similar to that of rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata. This report indicates that the same biochemical disorder can be associated with a less severe phenotype.
The ‘co‐morbidity roundabout’: a framework to guide assessment and intervention strategies and engineer change among people with co‐morbid problems
Authors: KAY‐LAMBKIN FRANCES J. , BAKER AMANDA L. , LEWIN TERRY J. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThis paper describes the nature and consequences of co‐morbidity, as applied to co‐occurring mental health and alcohol/other drug (AOD) use problems. The ‘co‐morbidity roundabout’ is introduced as a useful metaphor for conceptualizing the current experiences of people with co‐occurring mental health and AOD use problems. In order to successfully negotiate the ‘roundabout’, the ‘drivers’ (people with co‐morbid mental health and AOD use problems) must consider a range of internal and external conditions (knowledge about services, support from family, friends, health providers, motivation to change, etc.), account for their vehicle's characteristics (other conditions and demands, including social/legal/financial issues), keep their travel itinerary in mind (plans for change including treatment) and navigate through the many detours and dead‐ends that they may confront (eligibility for services, accessibility of treatments, etc.). Co‐morbidity is a major contributing factor in ‘drivers’ failing to successfully negotiate, or even becoming ‘stuck’ on, the ‘roundabout’. A summary of relevant treatment research is also presented, including descriptions of brief interventions and more intensive treatment approaches. Finally, the ‘co‐morbidity roundabout’ metaphor is expanded to assist clinicians to translate the findings from this treatment research into clinical practice. Further suggestions are made for improved navigation through and exit from the ‘roundabout’, including recommendations for the use of a stepped‐care approach to the assessment and treatment of clients with co‐morbid mental health and AOD use problems.
Non‐metazoan Class III Nucleotidyl Cyclases: Novel Forms and Functions
Authors: Schaap Pauline 
Published: November 2004

AbstractNucleotidyl cyclases synthesize cAMP or cGMP in response to various forms of sensory input. Their regulation and function in mammalian hormone action and neurotransmission has been well characterized over the past 40 years. More recently a much broader repertoire of adenylyl‐ and guanylyl cyclase forms is emerging from studies of more basal eukaryotes and prokaryotes. These cyclases play crucial roles in the development, physiology and pathogenicity of these organisms. This series of reviews highlights both unique and highly conserved aspects of the activation mechanisms of these enzymes, as compared to those of their mammalian descendants. IUBMB Life, 56: 527‐528, 2004
Ecosystem Thermal Buffer Capacity as an Indicator of the Restoration Status of Protected Areas in the Northern Ethiopian Highlands
Authors: Aerts Raf , Wagendorp Tim , November Eva , Behailu Mintesinot , Deckers Jozef , Muys Bart 
Published: November 2004

Abstract Restoration status of forest rehabilitation areas can be assessed by comparing their ecosystem characteristics with those of a reference system, most often what is considered the natural climax vegetation. However, comprehensive measurements needed for a traditional vegetation description are often hard or impractical in complex (sub)tropical ecosystems. Therefore, an alternative approach is the identification of simple indicators of ecosystem integrity. The use of such indicators can speed up the availability of resource inventories and thus contribute to the accelerated implementation of successful rehabilitation practices. Thermal buffer capacity (TBC) of ecosystems has been previously proposed as an overall indicator of ecosystem integrity. In this article, sequential surface‐temperature measurements are proposed as a method for TBC assessment of different land‐use types. Surface temperatures of seven land units in central Tigray (northern Ethiopia), each with a uniform land‐use type (degraded and bushy grazing land, enriched and non‐enriched rehabilitation area, and forest), were measured with a hand‐held infrared thermometer in the rainy and the dry season. Surface‐temperature models were derived by means of quadratic regression. Cross‐correlation functions were calculated for all possible pairs of land‐unit time‐series data. Instantaneous heat‐up rates, average TBC, and accumulated heat load were calculated. Repeated‐measures analysis of variance was used to test the effect of aspect and protection status on TBC. Kruskal–Wallis one‐way analysis of variance by ranks for small samples was used to test the significance of differences in heat‐up rates and heat load among land‐use groups. Time lags between land‐unit surface temperatures are caused by differences in aspect rather than land‐use type. Protection status and aspect have a significant effect on the average TBC. Results clearly demonstrate a differentiation between protected (low heat‐up rate) and non‐protected areas (high heat‐up rate). Overall ranking suggests that the remnant forest has the highest TBC of all surveyed land‐use types, followed by the enriched protected area. Results of this study show that TBC quickly responds to area closure and can therefore be used to monitor the development of protected areas. It is strongly recommended that a detailed monitoring strategy for protected areas on the basis of this technology be devised, validated, and finally transferred to the local communities.
Effects of the Second (Ethanol) Extract of Ginseng on the Cardiovascular Dynamics of Dogs During Halothane Anesthesia
Authors: LEE DO CHIL , KIM CHON YUL , LEE MYUNG O. , CLIFFORD DONALD H. 
Published: November 2004

An electromagnetic flowmeter probe was chronically implanted around the ascending aorta in a group of dogs. Subsequently, ten dogs were lightly anesthetized with halothane (0.75%), and a second (ethanol) extract of ginseng (40 mg/kg) was administered intravenously. Five dogs were anesthesized without the administration of ginseng. Eleven cardiovascular variables including cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, central venous pressure, total peripheral resistance, pH, PaCo2, Pa2, and base deficit were compared for two hours. Then heart rate and mean arterial pressure were significantly decreased following ginseng. There were no other meaningful changes in either group.
Acupuncture Analgesia in China
Authors: Spoerel W. E. 
Published: November 2004

A delegation of ten Canadian anaesthetists visited the People's Republic of China in April and May 1974 and observed 87 surgical and 19 dental operations under acupuncture analgesia. In 80% of the cases observed the analgesia appeared adequate for the conduct for the planned surgery, The utilization of acupuncture analgesia varied from hospital to hospital; surgeons and aneasthetists appeared to have confidence in using it in a limited number of planned surgical operations. The techniqiue of induction varied from hospital to hospital, but a certain pattern became apparent; body needling was related to the site of operation and also based on ancient theories; using loci unrelated to the operative site, para-incisional needles were used to produce skin analgesia; ear needling alone was used in 19 cases and nose needling in one. No premedication was given for short cases and dental extractions. Most hospitals used electrical stimulation; in one insitution needles were left in place during induction and throughout surgery without stimulation with equal results. A considerable degree of analgesia appeared to be present immediately post-operative and patients moved without concern for the operative site. It was felt that acupuncture analgesia represents in China an alternative to regional anaesthesia and that surgeons adapt their technique to the conscious patient in the operating room. It is essential that the patient cooperate and is prepared and motivated to withstand the emotional stress and unpleasant sensations associated with the surgery. Problems include inadequate suppression of visceral pain, lack of muscle relaxation and inadequate analgesia. In the author's opinion acupuncture analgesia has a very limited scope in our practice; it is time consuming and imposes considerable restrictions on the surgeon. However, the phenomenon is real and its investigation should contribute to a better understanding of the function of the nervous system.
B.C.L. and Immune Response in Mice
Authors: Sein G.M. , Phil M. 
Published: November 2004

The effects of Korean herbal medicine (B.C.L.) on some parametrs of immunological response were studied in mice, B.C.L. pretreatment given either intraperitoneally subcutaneously in a dose of 0.75 mg/mouse did not significantly inhibit lymphocyte transformation induced by concanavalin A. However, B.C.L. pretreatment in a dose of 2.25 mg/mouse was found to reduce significantly both the plaque-forming cells to sheep red blood cells immunisation as well as total splee cell population. Thus, B.C.L. pretreatment with a higher does (2.25 mg/mouse) can selectively depress the humoral immune response. It is unclear, however, whether this action is mediated by the parent compound or its metabolities.