bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective pharmacoeconomic study of antibiotic therapy in community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Taube A. A. , Alexandrova T. V. , Demidova O. A. , Zhuravleva M. V. 
Published: November 2023

Background. The global recommendations for the treatment strategy of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) include the empirical prescription of antibiotic therapy (ABT) – beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, macrolides until the results of laboratory tests are obtained to identify the etiological agent responsible for CAP to determine etiotropic therapy. According to the national Russian clinical guidelines, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins and aminopenicillins are recommended for empirical prescription. Meta-analyses found better outcomes in patients treated with a combination of macrolides with beta-lactam compared to beta-lactam alone. At the same time, the clinical benefit of adding macrolides to beta-lactams for the empirical treatment of moderate CAP remains controversial, since the difference in the results of therapy may depend on the age and comorbid conditions of patients.Objective: to analyze the costs of treating CAP with various ABT strategies in order to optimize the cost structure of a medical organization and plan the budget of local healthcare systems.Material and methods. A retrospective epidemiological analysis of extracts from 157 medical records of middle-aged patients in accordance with the World Health Organization classification treated in multidisciplinary medical organizations was carried out. The methods included frequency analysis, cost of illness analysis, cost minimization analysis, and cost-effectiveness analysis. Depth of research was 2 years.Results. Frequency analysis revealed that the initial strategy of ceftriaxone and azithromycin combination (n=74; 47%) prevailed in prescriptions. In terms of the rate of prescriptions, ceftriaxone monotherapy (n=37; 24%) was in the second place. The analysis of the effectiveness of the selected ABT strategies showed that, in general, 113 (72%) of prescriptions were effective. Standard therapy strategies were equivalent in absolute costs and had a similar cost structure.Conclusion. Doctors’ adherence to national clinical guidelines for CAP treatment was found when prescribing the initial empirical ABT, the dominant strategies were identified. Cost of illness analysis demonstrated that the applied strategies were optimal in terms of cost minimization, and cost-effectiveness ratio. The costs structure in therapy with various ABT strategies did not have significant differences. In medical organizations, they adhere to the most rational and cost-effective strategy for CAP treatment and prescribe ABT regimens in each individual case based on risk factors, as well as the results of studies of CAP pathogens sensitivity.
The prospects for the use of vitamin B12 derivatives in pharmacology
Authors: Torshin I. Yu. , Gromova O. A. , Maiorova L. A. 
Published: November 2023

Background. The structure of corrin tetrapyrrole macrocycles (compounds similar in structure to vitamin B12) is a kind of universal chemical template for targeted drug delivery, and the development of chemical sensors and antidotes.Objective: systematization of information on targeted modulation of certain corrins’ properties through chemical modifications.Material and methods. Literature analysis using modern methods of topological and metric data analysis was carried out. All relevant publications (n=863) were extracted from the PubMed/MEDLINE database on request “(cobalamin OR Cobyrinic OR vitamin B12) AND (Molecular Conformation [MeSH Terms] OR Vitamin B 12/*analogs & derivatives/*chemistry [MeSH Terms] OR Vitamin B 12/*chemistry [MeSH Terms] OR Structure-Activity Relationship [MeSH Terms])”.Results. Information was systematized on how it is possible to regulate the properties of vitamin B12 (cobalamin) derivatives by introducing specific substitutions of groups in the corrin ring, on chemical modifications of cobalamin derivatives, biosynthetic approaches to the synthesis of cobalamin derivatives, and the effects of interactions of these modified corrins with “small” inorganic and organic molecules.Conclusion. The results obtained by systematic computer analysis of publications on corrins make it possible to reasonably form samples of candidate molecules for corrin studies in silico, in vitro, and in vivo.
Updated pharmacoeconomic analysis of atesolizumab efficiency compared with other PD-1 inhibitors in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer after chemotherapy
Authors: Zyryanov S. K. , Dyakov I. N. 
Published: November 2023

Objective: to evaluate the pharmacoeconomic efficiency of atezolizumab (inhibitor of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1)) in comparison with other checkpoint inhibitors (inhibitors of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)) in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after previous chemotherapy in the current conditions of the Russian healthcare system.Material and methods. The study design was a retrospective analysis of publications and modeling. The previously performed pharmacoeconomic study was updated considering a decrease in the cost of pembrolizumab after the generic form was released on the market and actualization of calculated target population. Cost minimization analysis was carried out and the impact on the healthcare system budget was estimated when treating all NSCLC patients provided with PD-1/ PD-L1 inhibitors in the second and third lines of therapy with atezolizumab. For calculations, we used registered prices according to the state register of maximum selling prices and average weighted marginal wholesale markup according to the Federal Antimonopoly Service.Results. In the cost minimization analysis, atezolizumab showed greater clinical and economic efficiency, its use reduces costs by 28.6% over 3 years compared to nivolumab and by 8.8% compared to pembrolizumab in the second and third lines of NSCLC therapy. The budget impact analysis demonstrated that if all patients in the target group currently receiving various PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in the second and third lines of NSCLC therapy were initially provided with atezolizumab, it would reduce the budget load over 3 years by 11.6%, or by 722.4 mln rubles.Conclusion. The use of atezolizumab is pharmacoeconomically justified and feasible compared to nivolumab and pembrolizumab, even after a release of the generic version of the latter, and will reduce the costs of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in the second and third lines of NSCLC therapy.
Evaluation of physiological and immunological parameters in the offspring born from passively smoking rats treated with neuropeptides
Authors: Smolyagin Alexander I. , Simbirtsev Andrey S. , Mikhailova Irina V. , Ermolina Evgenia V. , Isengulova Ainagul A. , Pushkareva Ludmila A. , Kuzmicheva Natalia А. , Filippova Yulia V. , Chaynikova Irina N. , Miroshnichenko Igor V. 
Published: November 2023

The results of physiological and immunological studies of rat pups born from females who were exposed to passive smoking and exposure to tetrapeptide KK1 during pregnancy are presented. From the 1st to the 21st postnatal days, the somatic and sensorimotor development of offspring was studied using a set of tests developed at the P.K. Anokhin Institute of Normal Physiology. The level of cytokines IFN gamma and IL-6 produced by rat splenocytes was studied in culture fluid by the ELISA method. In baby rats born from passively smoking females, compared with animals born from non-smoking rats, a decrease in the weight of baby rats was found, as well as a delay in the timeliness of somatic and sensorimotor development. The introduction of the peptide KK 1 non-smoking females increases the index of timeliness of somatic and sensorimotor development.
The results obtained show an induced variant of secondary immunodeficiency in baby rats born from passively smoking rats during pregnancy. Administration of the KK1 peptide to non-smoking rats did not change the immunological parameters of the baby rats. On the contrary, the production of peptide KK1 by pregnant rats who smoked was accompanied by changes in the number of cells in lymphoid organs and the production of cytokines by splenocytes in the born rats.
Ambiguity effects of recombinant interferon α2B in an in vitro experiment on the expression of nuclear factor NF-KB, IFNα’βR AND IFNγR (CD119) receptors of neutrophilic granulocytes of patients with chronic herpes virus infections
Authors: Nesterova Irina V. , Khalturina E. O. , Nelyubin V. N. , Khaidukov S. V. , Chudilova Galina A. , Malinovskaya V. V. 
Published: November 2023

Introduction. Neutrophil granulocytes (NGs) and the interferons system (IFN) play a leading role in antiviral immune defense. At the same time, patients suffering from atypical chronic active herpes-viral infections (ACA-HVI) often have neutropenia and impaired induced IFN/ and IFN production. It is possible that these patients have various disorders of intracellular signaling at all stages of IFN/ synthesis by immune system cells, including NG, which leads to IFN/ deficiency. An adequate level of nuclear factor NF-kB expression has positive effects on synthesis of IFN/ in the last stages of signaling. The disturbances in the expression of NF-kB can lead to defects in the synthesis of IFN/.
The aim: to clarify the features of nuclear factor NF-kB, membrane receptors IFN|R and IFNR (CD119) expression on NG of patients with AСA-HVI, with the subsequent assessment of the recombinant IFN2b (recIFN2b) effects on them in the experimental system in vitro.
Materials and methods: 25 patients with ACA-HVI of both sexes aged 23-64 years were included in the main group of the study (MSG). In the complex of the study for the detection of herpes-viral infections: the method of serodiagnosis (ELISA), for the detection of the genome of viruses - PCR-RT. 407 blood samples were examined in the in vitro system. Flow cytofluorimetry was used to estimate the amount (%) of NG expressing NF-kB, IFN|R, IFNR, and their expression levels before and after incubation with recIFN2b. Adequate statistical methods were applied.
Results: In patients suffering from ACA-HVI, a deficiency of induced IFN and IFN production was detected, due to a decrease in the expression density of nuclear factor NF-kB NG, as well as a violation of the expression of membrane receptors IFN|R, IFNR. RecIFN2b in the in vitro system had a mixed effect on the expression of NF-kB, IFN|R and IFNR NG.
Conclusion: The deficiency of induced IFN and IFN production in patients with ACA-HVI is associated with variable changes in NF-kB, IFN|R and IFNR NG expression. RecIFN2b in the in vitro system has an ambiguous effect on altered expression of NF-kB, IFN/ and IFN NG, which appears to depend on the innate or adaptive nature of these disorders.
Challenges for planning climate change resilience through the co-creation living lab approach in the Mediterranean coastal town of Piran
Authors: Kumer Peter , Meulenberg Cécil , Kralj Erik 
Published: November 2023

Climate change resilience for urban coastal communities is a pressing matter considering hazards like sea-level rise, coastal flooding and erosion. Adapting to such changes and creating climate change resilience should be an all-stakeholder process. This paper discusses the early stages of stakeholder participation through a co-creation living lab (LL) approach in the Mediterranean coastal town of Piran. To achieve climate change resilience ecosystem-based approaches (EBAs) are used as tools, while in Piran the novel coastal city LL (CCLL) approach is supposed to facilitate a process to achieve acceptance and implementation of such EBA solutions, through consented decision of representative stakeholders from each of the quadruple helix framework, including citizens. During this process several organisational limitations were encountered such as the question of incentivizing stakeholders, man-hour devotion, appointing contact persons within large organisations, and the challenge of organising continuous personal face-to-face meetings. Parallel to previous findings that defining a shared vision is necessary for a successful CCLL, we emphasize that newly retrieved specific challenges identified through personal communication with stakeholders, and capitalising on those, further motivated the stakeholders. These specific challenges represent pressing issues, for example: how to retrieve and revalorize the historical water management system; how to improve the existing early warning system; how to empower and educate, through climate action, the town's community that is facing population decline through tourism gentrification. The experience by the authors of this paper suggests that continuous interaction with stakeholders and facilitating multidisciplinary activities based on stakeholder's prior knowledge and experience, are best practices in the co-creation of the urban living lab.
Funding This research has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 101003534. Acknowledgments The authors would like to acknowledge and thank all the engaged stakeholders for their involvement and sharing their visions, as well as previously project-engaged colleagues at ZRS (She Mackenzie Hawke, Blaz Lenarcic, Irina Moira Cavaion and Kristjan Nemac), and the SCORE project partners for their input and guidance.
BUMDES COMMUNICATION STRATEGY TRAINING FOR VILLAGE OFFICIALS IN SOKET LAOK VILLAGE, BANGKALAN REGENCY, MADURA
Authors: Prawadika Aji Angga , Puspa Ratih , Puji Rahayu Titik , Ida Rachmah , Wahyu Izzati Surya Yuyun , Ilahiati Nisa Kurnia 
Published: November 2023

Latar belakang: Desa Soket Laok yang berada di Kabupaten Bangkalan, Madura merupakan salah satu desa potensial yang sayangnya masih berada dalam status tertinggal. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah kurang pemahaman para pamong dan pengelola desa dalam berbagai isu manajemen, salah satunya untuk menyusun rancangan pengembangan desa serta mengakses dana BUMDES. Rangkaian program pengabdian masyarakat telah dilaksanakan untuk membantu Desa Soket Laok oleh prodi Komunikasi UNAIR dan pada tahun 2022 fokus pengembangan diarahkan pada isu pengelolaan BUMDES oleh pamong desa. Tujuan: Tujuan dari program pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk memberikan pemahaman dan panduan bagi para pengelola desa agar dapat menyusun rancangan pengembangan desa melalui program BUMDES secara lebih terstruktur, rapi, dan efektif. Metode: Program pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan lewat tiga tahapan yaitu tahap perencanaan, eksekusi, dan evaluasi. Perencanaan dilakukan dengan rangkaian acara diskusi bersama pamong dan audiensi untuk menentukan isu utama. Ekseskusi program dijalankan dengan kegiatan sosialiasi di Desa Soket Laok. Tahap evaluasi melibatkan pembahasan mengenai dampak dan hasil program kepada para pamong desa. Hasil: Para pamong dan pengelola desa menjadi paham dan berani untuk mengajukan rancangan proposal pengembangan desawa lewat penagjuan dana BUMDES. Kesimpulan: Program pengabdian masyarakat di Desa Soket Laok mampu memberikan pemahaman pada pengelola dan pamong desa untuk menyusun program-program pengembangan desa. Kemajuan ini akan menjadi bahan pertimbangan untuk pengajuan program pengabdian masyarakat selanjutnya.

Kata kunci: manajemen desa, BUMDES, strategi komunikasi
Development of audiovisual media on “Mold” material based on guided inquiry to improve students’ critical thinking skills
Authors: Munthe Rahel Natalia Saragih , Hastuti Utami Sri , Susilo Herawati 
Published: November 2023

The needs analysis shows that students must improve their critical thinking skills. The number of students who could differentiate various types of mold conidia based on their structure was also smaller. The purpose of this research and development was to test the effectiveness of audiovisual media on the topic “Mold” based on Guided Inquiry on “Microscope Using Techniques, Description of Colony Morphological Characteristics, and Mold Microscopy” to improve students’ critical thinking skills. This type of research is a quasi-experimental study with the Non-randomized Pretest Posttest Control Group design and follows the stages of the development model from Lee and Owens. Data collection uses validation sheets, response questionnaires, pretest, and posttest questions. Data analysis used the N-Gain score and the Mann Whitney test. The results of the study showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental class which was taught using audiovisual media on the topic “Mold” based on Guided Inquiry, compared to the control class which was taught using conventional Power Point (PPt) media without audiovisual media, so it can be concluded that the media audiovisual on the topic “Mold” is effective in improving students’ critical thinking skills.Abstrak Analisis kebutuhan menunjukkan mahasiswa masih perlu meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis. Jumlah mahasiswa yang mampu membedakan macam-macam konidia kapang berdasarkan strukturnya juga lebih sedikit. Tujuan penelitian dan pengembangan ini adalah untuk menguji keefektifan media audiovisual pada topik “Kapang” berbasis Guided Inquiry tentang “Teknik Penggunaan Mikroskop, Deskripsi Ciri-ciri Morfologi Koloni, dan Mikroskopis Kapang” untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis mahasiswa. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuasi eksperimental dengan desain Non-randomized Pretest Posttest Control Group dan mengikuti tahapan model pengembangan dari Lee dan Owens. Pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar validasi, angket respon, soal pretest dan posttest. Analisis data menggunakan N-Gain score dan uji Mann Whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan signifikan antara kelas eksperimen yang dibelajarkan dengan menggunakan media audiovisual pada topik “Kapang” berbasis Guided Inquiry, dibandingkan dengan kelas kontrol yang dibelajarkan dengan menggunakan media Power Point (PPt) secara konvensional tanpa media audiovisual, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa media audiovisual pada topik “Kapang” efektif meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis mahasiswa.
MEKANISME PERTAHANAN TOKOH UTAMA DALAM “SAPAKUI KISDAP BACINA BUTA” KARYA HATMIATI MASY’UD
Authors: Utari Lisna , Susilawati Erni , Winda Novia 
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan mekanisme pertahanan tokoh Utama dalam Sapakui Kisdap Bacina Buta karya Hatmiati Masy’ud. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini adalah mekanisme pertahanan, yaitu: (1) represi berkata tanpa sadar, (2) sublimasi menutupi kesalahan, (3) proyeksi meliputi hal-hal yang tidak diinginkan, (4) pengalihan meliputi mengamuk dan membalaskan dendam kepada orang lain, (5) rasionalisasi yaitu memotivasi dengan hal yang baik, (6) reaksi formasi meliputi kepedulian yang berlebihan dan penebusan rasa bersalah, (7) agresi langsung meliputi rasa marah dan menonjok serta apatis berupa perasaan pasrah, dan (8) fantasi yaitu membayangkan mempunyai anak, serta stereotype meliputi menangis dan berbicara sendiri.

This study aims to describe the defense mechanism of the main character in Sapakui Kisdap Bacina Buta by Hatmiati Masy'ud. The method used is qualitative descriptive. The results of this study are defense mechanisms, namely: (1) repression says unconsciously, (2) sublimation covers mistakes, (3) projection includes unwanted things, (4) diversion includes tantrums and revenge on others, (5) rationalization is motivating with good things, (6) formation reactions include excessive concern and guilt redemption, (7) direct aggression includes anger and punching and apathy in the form of feelings of resignation, and (8) fantasies of imagining having children, and stereotypes including crying and talking to themselves.
VIRTUAL MODEL OF THE SYSTEM "INDUCTION MOTOR - SOFTSTARTER WITH TWO CONTROLLED PHASES"
Authors: Toropov Anton , Listovshchyk Leonid , Toropova Liliya , Terentiev Oleh 
Published: November 2023

One of the most commonly used start methods of induction motors is starting by gradually increasing the supply voltage. At the same time, softstarters based on thyristors or triacs are used, which are cheaper in comparison with frequency inverters based on IGBT - transistors. In turn, the disadvantage of this method of starting with significant reduction of the starting torque, so the possibility of using such starters for various executive mechanisms requires careful research. In the presence of a limitation of power source power, especially in wartime conditions, the problem of limitation of starting currents, especially in the case of using starters with two adjustable phases, is actual. To take into account the multiplicity of starting currents for different types of mechanisms, a mathematical model of the system " induction motor - softstarter with two controlled phases" was created. The model differs from the known ones by the possibility of limiting the power of the power supply network, the appearance of the mechanical characteristics of the executive mechanism and the starting moment at voltage ramp start mode. Transient processes in relative units for the possibility of estimating the multiplicity of starting currents to determine the required power of the autonomous power source are presented. To assess the adequacy of the mathematical model, a research stand with measuring of motor winding currents using a current transformer and a microprocessor device with an oscillography function was created. In the work, a comparative analysis of the results of modeling and experimental studies on a physical model is carried out, herewith the discrepancy of the results did not exceed 10%. It was determined that when using a soft-start device with two adjustable phases, even with small voltages, the current multiplicity is quite high and requires the use of a power source of greater power, but less than in the case of direct start. Formulated conclusions based on research results and recommendations for further reduction of starting currents.
СЕРЕДНЬОВІЧНІ МУЗИКАНТИ У ГЕНУЕЗЬКИХ МІСТАХ КРИМУ
Authors: Джанов О. , Кузьмінський І. 
Published: November 2023

Завдання дослідження полягає у тому, щоб виявити писемні свідчення про музикантів, які служили в торгових факторіях генуезців у Криму. Ці свідчення повністю сконцентровані у бухгалтерських книгах казначейства (масарії) міста Кафи. Наступне завдання — порівняти отримані факти з аналогічними, що походять із Генуї, тобто метрополії генуезців. Останній етап — це виявлення автентичних іконографічних джерел з Криму та Генуї з зображенням тогочасних музичних інструментів. Наукові підходи базуються на принципах історизму, системності, наукової об’єктивності та діалектичному підході. Було використано сукупність загальнонаукових, міждисциплінарних та спеціальних методів дослідження. У масаріях було виявлено професійних музикантів, які належать до двох категорій службовців: нічні стражники та слуги консула. Перші з них грали на трубах/тюбетах та накрах (невеликих литаврах). Вони служили в Кафі, Солдайї та Чембало. Музиканти консула використовували ширше коло музичних інструментів. Йдеться про тюбетів і трубачів, накраторів, карамелістів (шалмеїстів), замаристів (зурнистів), псалтеристів, лютнистів та органістів. Окрім цього, у книгах масарії було виявлено відомості про військових тюбетів першого татарського хана Хаджі I Ґерая та музикантів Мамая. Порівняльний аналіз назв музичних інструментів Кафи та Генуї дає змогу відзначити їхню майже повну тотожність. Винятком є лише замара (зурна), яка в середньовічних писемних джерелах Генуї не трапляється, що може свідчити про східний вплив. Місцева специфіка Криму проявляється й у поодиноких свідченнях про грецькі та вірменські хори у Кафі. Перспективи подальших студіювань полягають у дослідженні музичної спадщини інших італійських колонізаторів Криму — венеціанців. А згодом варто порівняти отримані результати не лише зі спадщиною Криму, України та Італії, а й інших європейських міст XIII–XV ст. Оригінальність дослідження полягає в представленні абсолютно нової сторінки музичної спадщини середньовічного Криму.
Ключові слова: музикант, музичний інструмент, Кафа, Солдайя, Чембало, Генуя.