bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Royal Society
Authors: Christianson Gale E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ever Since He Arrived In London, Newton Had Kept Ms Distance from the Royal Society, the scientific institution through which he gained lasting fame. When asked why he did not become more involved, he claimed that his duties at the mint demanded all his time. There were those who knew better, however. The real reason Newton did not attend the meetings was an old grudge he had nursed ever since his reflecting telescope was carried to London by his friend Isaac Barrow.
Improving the Quality of Life and Psychological Well-being of Patients with Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Lee Mo Yee , Ng Siu-Man , Leung Pamela Pui Yu , Chan Cecilia Lai Wan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a life-threatening disease that took the lives of 1,538 Hong Kong people in 2004 alone, and an average of 1,000 people per year since year 1999 (Hong Kong Cancer Registry, Hospital Authority, 2004). CRC was recently ranked as the second most common form of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. An average of 2,050 new CRC cases was registered yearly between 1999 and 2003, and 3,582 new cases were registered in 2004. Such an upward trend in both incidence rate and mortality rate observed over the past few years is alarming and poses much public health concern. While medical advances have brought about tremendous success in prolonging the lives of CRC patients, treatments are usually both invasive and traumatic, posing a wide range of negative effects on the physical and psychological health of the patients including respiratory and cardiac complications, chronic fatigue, and leakage (Bokey et al., 1995), depression, anxiety, and impaired concentration (Walker et al., 1997), and fear of recurrence and metastasis, death anxiety, anger and frustration, disruption in work and social activities, and strains in family relations (Cheung, Molassiotis, & Chang, 2003; Lee-Jones, Humphris, Dixon, & Hatcher, 1997; Mak, 2001; Sprangers, Taal, Aaronson, & Te Velde, 1995).
Therapeutic Efficacy
Authors: Weiss Noel S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A randomized controlled trial of therapeutic efficacy is one in which (a) patients are assigned to one of two or more groups to be offered different therapeutic measures, (b) chance alone dictates whether a particular patient will be assigned to a particular group, and (c) patients in each group are monitored for the abatement of their illness or for the occurrence of the event(s) that the therapy seeks to prevent. Most randomized controlled trials provide results that can be interpreted relatively easily, for the common concern in nonrandomized studies—that the various treatment groups had inherently unequal probabilities of doing well—is much less pressing when it is only chance that determines the membership of the groups. The popularity of randomized trials has increased during the past several decades. The approach has been applied to virtually every class of therapy, from pharmaceutical agents to surgical techniques to dietary and other “lifestyle” interventions.
The Evidence For and Against Evidence-Based Practice
Authors: Mullen Edward J , Streiner David L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Over the years, there have been many developments and changes in the way that social interventions and clinical treatments have been delivered, including the introduction of behavioral and cognitive-behavioral therapies (e.g., Lazarus, 1971; Thomas, 1967), the move toward time-limited, task-structured interventions (Mullen, Dumpson, & Associates, 1972; Reid & Epstein, 1972), and the use of manuals that guide what practitioners can and cannot do (Luborsky & DeRubeis, 1984). Each in its time generated considerable debate, some of it quite heated. However, it is probably safe to say that no innovation has generated as much argument and heat as the introduction of evidence-based practice (EBP) and policy. EBP has been both heralded as one of the major advances in health care, education, criminal justice, and the human services, promising to revolutionize both policymaking and practice (e.g., Gambrill, 1999; Gibbs & Gambrill, 2002; Gray, 2001; Macdonald, 1999; Marshall, 1995; Sackett, Richardson, Rosenberg, & Haynes, 1997), and excoriated as a development that will reduce professionals to mindlessly (and soullessly) following recipe books for the betterment of insurance companies (e.g., Grahame-Smith, 1995; Morgan, 1995). It has led, on the one hand, to a number of journals, texts, and centers based on its principles (e.g., Evidence-Based Mental Health, Evidence-Based Medicine, Evidence-Based Nursing, ACP Journal Club; Gibbs, 2003; Gray, 2001; Sackett, Straus, Richardson, Rosenberg, & Haynes, 2000), and on the other, to articles in leading journals holding it up to ridicule (e.g., Britton, Evans, & Potter, 1998; CRAP Writing Group, 2002; Webb, 2001).
Concise Standards for Developing Evidence-Based Practice Guidelines
Authors: Proctor Enola K , Rosen Aaron 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The central challenge now confronting the profession of social work is ensuring and demonstrating that its services are effective. In our view, agencies and individual practitioners can best enhance their effectiveness by using treatment approaches that are evidence-based. Practicing on the basis of scientifically tested evidence is responsible, consistent with social work’s values and commitment to client welfare and improvement, and responsive to societal expectations and National Association of Social Workers (NASW) aspirations for effective and accountable practice. Yet we recognize the many challenges inherent in the application of evidence-based approaches in day-to-day practice. Our chapter addresses some of those challenges and lays out steps through which practitioners’ ability to apply evidence-based practice can be enhanced.
Evidence-Based Treatments for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Deciding What Treatment Method Works for Whom
Authors: Abramowitz Jonathan S , Schwartz Stefanie A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Effective treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) can be divided into two broad categories: biological and cognitive-behavioral. Biological treatments include pharmacotherapy with serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) and neurosurgery. Cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) includes exposure, response prevention, and cognitive therapy. These procedures can be delivered on an individual, group, or inpatient basis. Moreover, the frequency of therapy sessions may vary from weekly to daily. We begin this chapter with a brief description of the strengths and limitations of the principal treatment approaches. Next, we review the factors to be considered in deciding which treatment may be most beneficial for a given patient (Table 19.1). A brief discussion of decision factors that are less specific to OCD patients is followed by a more extensive examination of factors specifically related to OCD.
Evidence-Based Practice With Anxiety Disorders Guidelines Based on 59 Outcome Studies
Authors: Bloom Bernard L , Yeager Kenneth R , Roberts Albert R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
While the number of well-designed, controlled, clinical outcome studies is not large, brief psychotherapeutic interventions appear to play a useful role in the treatment of anxiety spectrum disorders. Such interventions not only appear to be effective in their own right but also add a significant component to the benefits of medication. This chapter summarizes and describes the time-limited interventions and outcomes from 59 studies. This database includes 11 recent out-come studies that measured the effectiveness of crisis intervention and brief therapy approaches with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) precipitated by gunshot injuries, sexual assaults, terrorist attacks, vehicular accidents, and violent crimes.
Mental Illness, Substance Dependence, and Suicidality Secondary Data Analysis
Authors: Yeager Kenneth R , Roberts Albert R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Mental illness, substance dependence, and suicide are three of the most prevalent social and public health concerns throughout North America. Recent estimates indicate that every 20 minutes somewhere in the United States or Canada a suicide occurs. In the United States alone there are 30,000 suicides per year (Bush, Fawcett, & Jacobs, 2003; Institute of Medicine, 2002). This chapter seeks to explain the contributing factors leading to rehospitalization and suicide risk among the psychiatric, substance abuse, and substance dependent populations. Data from a university medical center will be reviewed regarding characteristics of inpatient hospitalization and potential contributing factors increasing the individual’s risk of a suicide attempt following inpatient psychiatric/substance dependence hospitalization. In 2001 approximately 15 million adults age 18 or greater were estimated to have suffered from a severe mental illness during the previous year. The population with the highest rate of severe mental illness was the 18-to-25-year-old age group (12%). Persons ages 26–49 demonstrated a rate of approximately 8%, with the 50 or older age group demonstrating a rate of 5%. Females were more likely than males to have a diagnosis consistent with severe mental illness (9% female versus 6% male) (National Institute of Mental Health, 2001; Bush et al., 2003; Institute of Medicine, 2002).
A Long Road Filled With Potholes
Authors: Ford Emily , Liebowitz Michael R , Andrews Linda Wasmer 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I knew he was looking at me, but I wouldn’t look up. Then I heard his voice: ‘‘What is it about yourself that you don’t want anyone to know?’’ I don’t want people to find out that I’m crazy. The answer came to mind as soon as he asked the question, but I couldn’t bring myself to say it out loud. Instead, I kept my eyes locked on the base of Dr. A.’s floor lamp and shrugged as if to say, ‘‘I don’t know. You tell me. What don’t I want anyone to know?’’ A psychiatrist, not a psychic, Dr. A. suggested I go home and think about it.
Conclusion
Authors: Horwitz Allan V , Wakefield Jerome C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this final chapter, we tie up several loose ends of our argument. First, we consider the question: If the flaws in current diagnostic criteria are as compellingly clear as we argue that they are, then why haven’t they been changed, or why can’t they easily be changed? In addressing this question, we shift from the logic of diagnosis to the logic of powerful constituencies and vested interests that come into existence once a definition of disorder is in place. Second, we return to the evolutionary perspective on disorder that we presented in the first two chapters and that serves as the framework for much of our argument. The scholarly literature has posed many objections to this view. We review some of the most interesting objections and briefly explain why we think none of them places the evolutionary understanding of normal human functioning in doubt. Finally, this book is mainly an analysis and critique. However, many readers will be wondering what the solution to the problems we identify might be. So we offer some initial thoughts on strategies by which the approach to diagnosis of MDD might be changed to be more valid.
The Aging Self
Authors: Barusch Amanda Smith 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The senior center nestles midblock in a neighborhood of small shops, restaurants, and historic homes. The parking lot is tiny. (Most people walk or take the bus.) The landscaping is meticulously groomed, with a profusion of plants. (Senior volunteers have their way with it, and the staff respect their gardening expertise.) Just before lunch, the foyer bustles with arrivals. Some cling to walkers, a few sit in wheelchairs, but most people move briskly. Announcements litter an overstuffed bulletin board, and newspapers and magazines are free for the taking. A placard near the sign-in sheet proclaims, “Old age ain’t for sissies!” The activities schedule reveals a lecture Wednesday by a local professor on the roots of terrorism; the tai chi class meets three times a week; this month’s service project is collecting books for the school in the homeless shelter; and bingo is not even offered. The cafeteria is noisy, and loud greetings echo off the walls. The crowd is mostly female, with hugs and pats for everyone. The afternoon chef (a young, overwhelmed staff member) comes out for her applause, then everyone digs in. Those who are diabetic skip dessert, but the rest of the food disappears. The room empties quickly as people head off to the afternoon’s activities. An ancient man naps in the corner.
Reaching for a Lifeline: Psychotherapy and Medication
Authors: Kant Jared Douglas , Franklin Martin , Andrews Linda Wasmer 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There came a point where psychotherapy just wasn’t enough. That isn’t to say that there weren’t benefits, but my relationship with my therapist had evolved into a sort of outpouring of all my frustrations and rage. I would often come into his office, already steaming mad and with a laundry list of things that I was upset about. The idea of adjusting to a life where I had to deal with things that others my age didn’t was enough to make me angry, confused, and rebellious. I cried a lot, I punched the pillows in his office, and I spent a lot of time engaging in behaviors that were, at their best, destructive.
One day, during a family vacation, I was watching the television while my sister longed to go to the beach. What I didn’t know was that upstairs my mother and father were discussing how to break the news to me that I was going to a boarding school starting that fall.
Goddess of The Market
Authors: Burns Jennifer 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Worshipped by her fans, denounced by her enemies, and forever shadowed by controversy and scandal, the novelist and philosopher Ayn Rand was a powerful thinker whose views on government and markets shaped the conservative movement from its earliest days. Drawing on unprecedented access to Rand's private papers and the original, unedited versions of Rand's journals, Jennifer Burns offers a groundbreaking reassessment of this key cultural figure, examining her life, her ideas, and her impact on conservative political thought. Goddess of the Market follows Rand from her childhood in Russia through her meteoric rise from struggling Hollywood screenwriter to bestselling novelist, including the writing of her wildly successful The Fountainhead and Atlas Shrugged. Burns highlights the two facets of Rand's work that make her a perennial draw for those on the right: her promotion of capitalism, and her defense of limited government. Both sprang from her early, bitter experience of life under Communism, and became among the most deeply enduring of her messages, attracting a diverse audience of college students and intellectuals, business people and Republican Party activists, libertarians and conservatives. The book also traces the development of Rand's Objectivist philosophy and her relationship with Nathaniel Branden, her closest intellectual partner, with whom she had an explosive falling out in 1968. This extraordinary book captures the life of the woman who was a tireless champion of capitalism and the freedom of the individual, and whose ideas are still devoured by eager students, debated on blogs, cited by political candidates, and promoted by corporate tycoons.
“Black” Cultural Capital and the Conflicts of Schooling
Authors: Carter Prudence L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Schools are more than institutions where teachers impart skills and lessons; they are places where teachers transmit cultural knowledge. As a child growing up in Mississippi and attending de facto segregated schools, I did not realize that education is as much about being inculcated with the ways of the “culture of power “ as much as it is about learning to read, count, and think critically. This culture of power, as scholar and educator Lisa Delpit (1997) calls it, encompasses a body of rules, tastes, appreciations, and styles for success that are fashioned by the dominant social classes whose members are mainly White, middle- and upperclass. Not only do the dominant classes determine what is included in the canons of Western literature, music, history, social studies, and the sciences but they also control the norms of cultural preservation and self-presentation.
Steps in Intervention Research
Authors: Fraser Mark W , Richman Jack M , Galinsky Maeda J , Day Steven H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Intervention research has three related purposes. First, it is through intervention research that programs are developed and refined. Intervention research provides a systematic process in which research findings, empirically grounded theory, and practice knowledge are conjoined either to create new programs or to modify existing ones. Second, intervention research attempts to answer the fundamental question of whether a program innovation is effective in producing the desired outcomes. Intervention research is crucial in this regard because it employs a range of methods that collectively permit drawing causal conclusions about a program’s impact. That is, intervention research allows us to conclude that a program is responsible for an observed outcome and that the outcome is not spuriously the result of some other factor. Third, because intervention research involves drawing these causal inferences, the findings from intervention research can inform theory. Application of findings to theory is often done in post hoc mediational analyses through which the researcher attempts to determine the mechanisms of the intervention—in other words, what made the program work. When the mediators of program outcomes are identified, they can inform broader conceptualizations of social and health problems.
None of these three purposes can be achieved in a single study. Therefore, a series of studies, each with a different research design, is needed. Suggested by Rothman and Thomas (1994) and others such as Flay (1986), these designs range from small single-case or single-group pilot studies (which carefully chart intervention processes) to more elaborate experimental studies (which assess proximal and distal outcomes). Both inductive and deductive processes are used in an ongoing interplay between data (both qualitative and quantitative) and program design.
It is incorrect to think of intervention research as primarily a quantitative approach relying principally on experimental tests of manualized interventions. Indeed, intervention research may begin with a clinician who, with just one case, tries a new strategy and then writes down what she or he did. Throughout the process of designing and developing interventions, qualitative analyses have an important place. Program materials may be reviewed by consumers or practitioners in focus groups, or they may be critically evaluated by experts in the problem area. Though it obtains little credibility in the hierarchy of evidence (see Chapter 1), this type of review is integral to intervention research. In the spirit of methodological pluralism (i.e., the idea that many methods can inform knowledge development), intervention research nearly always involves a variety of methods. Underpinning all the methods used in intervention research is the idea that program components are optimized in a series of studies conducted systematically and rigorously.
Step 2: Create and Revise Program Materials
Authors: Fraser Mark W , Richman Jack M , Galinsky Maeda J , Day Steven H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Developing the written materials for a program, including treatment manuals, practice protocols, and other resources, is a defining feature of intervention research. Treatment manuals direct interventions by spelling out the specifics of how programs are to be implemented. As such, manuals tend to be prescriptive and many are comprised of session-by-session content.
From program theories developed in Step 1 of intervention research, manuals articulate strategies for changing malleable mediators, that is, those factors that seem to explain or account for outcomes and that may be subject to change in intervention. Moreover, manuals are tempered with an understanding of real-world influences that might arise and have the potential to constrain an intervention in practice. These influences include organizational culture and climate, relevant policies, practice guidelines, agency protocols, community conditions, and cultural factors that may affect intervention agents, their training, and program delivery.
Typically, manuals specify program objectives and activities. In some programs (e.g., the Casey Family Program described in Chapter 1), the selection of activities is guided by needs or risk assessment that is used in matching content to program participants. In other programs, a single intervention is implemented. In many manuals, activities and other program content are specified in sessions or lessons, which may include scripted discussion, demonstration, learning exercises, or role-plays. Session materials often contain illustrated handouts to be used in application drills or homework assignments that can be completed between sessions.
The World Beyond The Unit
Authors: Cahn Katharine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Child welfare work does not happen in a vacuum. Keeping children safe and connected requires a high degree of collaboration with community partners, families, treatment providers, foster parents, community advocates, courts, law enforcement, and others. Providing staff members the resources they need calls for effective connection with this external community, as well as with managers and colleagues within the same agency.
Just as families thrive in supportive environments and struggle in impoverished environments, so too does a child welfare unit require a resourceful and supportive context in which to do its work. Just as an understanding of (and competency with) the political, social, and economic ecology of a family will empower a social worker engaged with the family, so too will such competence empower a child welfare supervisor engaged in supporting workers.
Which Rights Should Be Universal?
Authors: Talbott William J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We hold these truths to be self-evident... So begins the U.S. Declaration of Independence. What follows those words is a ringing endorsement of universal rights, but it is far from self-evident. Why did the authors claim that it was? William Talbott suggests that they were trapped by a presupposition of Enlightenment philosophy: That there was only one way to rationally justify universal truths, by proving them from self-evident premises. With the benefit of hindsight, it is clear that the authors of the U.S. Declaration had no infallible source of moral truth. For example, many of the authors of the Declaration of Independence endorsed slavery. The wrongness of slavery was not self-evident; it was a moral discovery. In this book, William Talbott builds on the work of John Rawls, Jürgen Habermas, J.S. Mill, Amartya Sen, and Henry Shue to explain how, over the course of history, human beings have learned how to adopt a distinctively moral point of view from which it is possible to make universal, though not infallible, judgments of right and wrong. He explains how this distinctively moral point of view has led to the discovery of the moral importance of nine basic rights. Undoubtedly, the most controversial issue raised by the claim of universal rights is the issue of moral relativism. How can the advocate of universal rights avoid being a moral imperialist? In this book, Talbott shows how to defend basic individual rights from a universal moral point of view that is neither imperialistic nor relativistic. Talbott avoids moral imperialism by insisting that all of us, himself included, have moral blindspots and that we usually depend on others to help us to identify those blindspots. Talbott’s book speaks to not only debates on human rights but to broader issues of moral and cultural relativism, and will interest a broad range of readers.