bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pyrazole Scaffold: Potential PTP1B Inhibitors for Diabetes Treatment
Authors: Danao Kishor R. , Rokde Vijayshri V. , Nandurkar Deweshri M. , Mahajan Ujwala N. 
Published: February 2024

Background:
The overexpression of the Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), a
key role in the development of insulin resistance, diabetes (T2DM) and obesity, seems to have a
substantial impact as a negative regulator of the insulin and leptin signaling pathways. Therefore,
inhibiting PTP1B is a prospective therapeutic approach for the treatment of diabetes and
obesity. However, the pyrazole scaffold is expected to be of significant pharmaceutical interest
due to its broad spectrum of pharmacological actions. This study aims to focus on the significance
of pyrazole scaffold in medicinal chemistry, the impact of PTP1B in diabetes and the therapeutic
approach of pyrazole scaffold to treat T2DM.

Methods:
A comprehensive analysis of the published literature in several pharmaceutical and
medical databases, such as the Web of Science (WoS), PubMed, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect
etc., were indeed successfully completed and classified accordingly.

Results:
As reviewed, the various derivatives of the pyrazole scaffold exhibited prominent
PTP1B inhibitory activity. The result showed that derivatives of oxadiazole and dibenzyl amine,
chloro substituents, 1, 3-diaryl pyrazole derivatives with rhodanine-3-alkanoic acid groups,
naphthalene and also 1, 3, 5-triazine-1H-pyrazole-triazolothiadiazole derivatives, octyl and
tetradecyl derivative, indole- and N-phenylpyrazole-glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives with trifluoromethyl
group, 2,3-pyrazole ring-substituted-4,4-dimethyl lithocholic acid derivatives with 4-
fluoro phenyl substituted and additional benzene ring in the pyrazole scaffold significantly inhibits
PTP1B. In silico study observed that pyrazole scaffold interacted with amino acid residues
like TYR46, ASP48, PHE182, TYR46, ALA217 and ILE219.

Conclusion:
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that elevates the risk of mortality and severe complications.
PTP1B is a crucial component in the management of diabetes and obesity. As a result,
PTP1B is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of T2DM and obesity in humans. We
concluded that the pyrazole scaffold has prominent inhibitory potential against PTP1B.
Prevalence of Diabetes, Hypertension, and Obesity in Punjab: A Comparison between NFHS-4 and NFHS-5 Surveys
Authors: Kaur Amandeep , Kumar Ranjeet , Sharma Amit 
Published: February 2024

:
Diseases that are caused by a person's everyday habits are known as lifestyle diseases.
Habits that devoid people of their daily activities and direct them towards a sedentary lifestyle
cause numerous health problems that can lead to non-communicable diseases. Noncommunicable diseases, or NCDs, kill more than 41 million individuals per year, accounting for
74% of all deaths worldwide. In India, 63% of all fatalities were attributed to NCDs in 2016,
with 23% of those deaths being early. Compared to the current state of various lifestyle diseases,
the prevalence of adult obesity, hypertension, and other lifestyle disorders in Punjab was determined by the National Family Healthcare Surveys (NFHS-4 and NFHS-5). NFHS-5 survey conducted in Punjab was used to examine the general distribution of these disorders. The National
Family Health Survey 2019–21 (NFHS-5), the fifth survey in the NFHS series, provides information on the population, health, and nutritional status of all states and union territories (UT) in
India. NFHS-5 also gives district-level estimates for several crucial variables, similar to the
NFHS-4 survey 2015–16.
Preventive Habits in University Workers during SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic
Authors: Guerrini Luca , Tobia Loreta , Fiasca Fabiana , Provvidenti Luca , Mastrangeli Giada , Mattei Antonella , Bianchi Serena , Cipollone Claudia , Fabiani Leila 
Published: February 2024

Background
SARS-CoV-2 and the consequent public health measures changed our habits, including prevention in oral health.

Objectives
The aim was to investigate the relationship between the perceived risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection and preventive habits, including COVID-19 preventive measures, general health preventive attitudes and oral-hygiene habits.

Materials and Methods
Data were collected via a web-based questionnaire, matched with medical history data obtained by the Occupational Medicine Service. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the results of this observational cross-sectional study. Potential and investigated associations were studied through multivariate logistic regression.

Results
The perceived risk increases with age and decreases with a diabetes family history. The percentage of those with a dentist visit in the past three months is about three times higher among people who tested negative for COVID-19 than the positives. The percentage of those who had a dentist visit in more than six months is higher among the positives. Gingival bleeding was more frequent among people who tested positive for COVID-19, while it was a less frequent symptom in the negative group.

Conclusion
Results highlight a relation between the risk of testing positive for COVID-19 and oral health preventive habits. There is a relationship between oral health and risk perception for SARS-CoV-2.
Relationships and Predictors of Resilience, Social Support, and Perceived Stress among Undergraduate Nursing Students
Authors: Hamaideh Shaher , Abu Khait Abdallah , Al Modallal Hanan , Malak Malakeh , Masa’deh Rami , Hamdan-Mansour Ayman , AL Bashtawy Mohammed 
Published: February 2024

Background
Nursing students experience high levels of stress. Therefore, they need to have adequate levels of resilience and social support to overcome the negative consequences of perceived stress.

Objective
The objective of the study is to assess the levels, relationships, and predictors of resilience, social support, and perceived stress among Jordanian nursing students.

Methods
A descriptive, cross-sectional design was employed. Data were collected from 150 Jordanian nursing students chosen conveniently using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS).

Results
The mean total score of resilience was 71.61, with one-third of the participating students being resilient. Results indicated moderate levels of social support and perceived stress. A significant positive correlation was found between resilience and social support, and significant negative correlations were found between perceived stress and resilience and social support. Differences in resilience, social support, and perceived stress were found in regard to some demographics. Also, different independent variables predicted resilience, social support, and perceived stress.

Conclusion
Students reported low levels of resilience and moderate levels of perceived stress and social support. Therefore, conducting programs that aim to improve resilience techniques is crucial for nursing students. Special attention should be directed toward social support, especially from family members.
Risk Factors Associated with Malignant Lung Nodules in Smokers with Coal Worker’s Pneumoconiosis: An Exploratory Case-control Study
Authors: Balakrishnan Bathmapriya , Sarkar Sauradeep , Choi Janie , Patel Ruhee , Adkins Timothy , Fang Wei 
Published: February 2024

Background
Benign lung nodules (LN) in coal worker’s pneumoconiosis (CWP) may be indistinguishable from lung cancer (LC) on radiography. There is a lack of validated LN risk calculators and LN management guidelines for CWP patients.

Objective
We sought to identify characteristics predictive of LC in LN detected in smokers with CWP.

Methods
An exploratory case-control study was conducted between 2015 to 2020. All adult ever-smokers with radiographic-proven CWP and LN, which were biopsied, were included. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to quantify adjusted associations between demographic and radiographic characteristics.

Results
Of the 29 eligible patients, 15 (52%) had biopsy-proven LC and 14 (48%) had benign LN. Solid LN increased the odds of LC by 21.6 times (p=0.17). Patients with radiographic emphysema were 2.21 times more likely to have a malignant LN (p=0.51). LN spiculation was associated with a higher risk of LC (OR=1.73, p=0.72), as was the presence of a solitary LN (OR=9.35, p=0.13). Multiple LN was found to be negatively associated with LC (OR=0.18, p=0.36). Family history of LC, pack-years of smoking, and exposure to silica and/or coal were not found to be predictive of malignancy (OR≤1, p>0.05).

Conclusion
Solid and spiculated LN associated with emphysema and multiple LN was found to be correlated with a higher risk for LC in CWP ever-smokers. No statistically significant association was found due to the small number of patients. This study highlights unique LN features conferring a higher risk of LC among smokers with CWP. Larger, prospective, multicentric studies should be conducted to confirm these findings.

Clinical Trial Registration
The clinical trial registration number approved by the Institutional Review Board, West Virginia University, was #2109411710.
Immunostimulant and Pharmacological Activities, of Cucurbita Maxima Seeds on Humoral and Cellular Immunity Cells and their Functions
Authors: Laaraj Soukaina , Ouahidi Ibtissam , Al Moudani Nada , Allali Mustapha , Aarab Lotfi 
Published: February 2024

Background
Natural resources are key for discovering medicinal compounds. Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory activities of Cucurbita maxima (pumpkin) seeds, a component of Moroccan folk medicine believed to enhance immunity.

Methods
We produced three distinct extracts employing ethanol, ethyl acetate, and water as solvents. The immunomodulatory effects of these extracts were assessed on rabbit immune cell proliferation and their functions, including IgG production, cytotoxicity, and phagocytosis.

Results
The study findings reveal a significant stimulation in thymocyte proliferation, yielding a remarkable 285.7% response, along with a 146.5% increase in cytotoxicity (MLR) in response to the aqueous extract. Furthermore, there was a notable enhancement in complement activity by 119.9% in response to the aqueous extract, implying the potential of C. maxima to modulate both humoral and cellular immunity. Additionally, both EtOAc and aqueous extracts led to a reduction in macrophage phagocytic function. The assessment of the antibacterial properties of ethanol extract showed greater effectiveness against Bacillus, E. Coli, and Staphylococcus. In a separate analysis, antioxidant activity was gauged through DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS methods. These tests exhibited robust antioxidative effects across all extracts, characterized by higher levels of phenolic and flavonoid content. The FT-IR spectrum indicated the presence of compounds such as triglycerides, sterol esters, phospholipids, and unsaturated fatty acids in the extracts.

Conclusion
Collectively, these outcomes prompt the consideration of utilizing the aqueous extract of Cucurbita maxima to strengthen humoral and cellular immunity, as well as lymphocyte toxicity, in various ailments.
Effect of Ketamine versus Dexmedetomidine on Release of Inflammatory Mediators in Laparoscopic Hysterectomy. A Randomized Trial
Authors: Elghamry Mona Raafat , Naguib Tamer Mohamed , AbdAlraheem Taysser Mahmoud , Dawood Lamees Mohamed 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Surgery and anesthesia are sources of patients' stress and release of inflammatory mediators that have adverse effects on wound healing and remote organs.

Objectives:
To compare the effects of dexmedetomidine and ketamine on perioperative serum levels of inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP).

Methods:
We included 75 patients aged 30-60, ASA I and II, and scheduled for laparoscopic hysterectomy. Randomized patients received either intraoperative ketamine (bolus dose 0.25mg/kg then continuous infusion of 250µg/kg/h), dexmedetomidine (1µg/kg bolus dose then continuous infusion of 0.5µg/kg/h), or placebo. The primary outcome was to measure perioperative inflammatory biomarkers. Hemodynamic parameters, Recovery time, and complications were secondary outcomes.

Results:
At 6 and 24 hours, IL-6 significantly increased in the control group versus ketamine and dexmedetomidine groups (113.4±14.1,107.4±13.7;50.1± 8.1,48.2± 8.1;47.7±7.1, 46.01±7.1;p<0.001). Similarly, At 6 and 24 hours, TNF-α significantly increased in the control group versus ketamine and dexmedetomidine groups (81.8±18.6,72.7±16.4; 40.6±7.1, 39.2±6.9;41.6± 7.6,39.9±7.6;p<0.001).The same for CRP (17.4±3.6,40.0±6.0;10.2±1.3,16.2± 1.2;10.9±1.8,16.3±1.9;p<0.001). Regarding hemodynamic parameters, there were significant increases in the ketamine group and decreases in the dexmedetomidine group compared to baseline. Recovery time was significantly longer in the ketamine group than in the control and dexmedetomidine group (24.3±6.4,12.6±2.0,13.5±3.3 min, respectively; P<0.001). There were no significant differences between the three groups regarding agitation, nausea, and vomiting (P=1,0.126,0.776, respectively).

Conclusion:
Both dexmedetomidine and ketamine could attenuate the inflammatory response. However, dexmedetomidine has a shorter recovery time.

Trial Registry No
Trial registry at Pan African Clinical Trials Registry.
The number is (PACTR201910617459894: date of registration 10/24/2019).

URL
https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=9479).
Rail Transport across the Strait of Messina: Some Policies to Improve the Service
Authors: Di Gangi Massimo , Belcore Orlando Marco , Polimeni Antonio 
Published: February 2024

Background
The railway system represents a more sustainable alternative to road and air transport. In some cases, barriers negatively impact travel by train, thus affecting users' choices. Some of such barriers (e.g., rivers, and maritime straits) divide urbanized areas (especially if a stable connection between the two areas is unavailable). In these cases, methods, policies, and planning procedures must be adopted to improve the service. The Strait of Messina (South Italy), considered in the paper as a case study, represents a particular barrier so long as the trains must be decomposed before embarking on a ferry, thus increasing dwelling time.

Objectives
This paper moves from analyzing the current crossing condition in the Strait of Messina and offers an analysis of the most pointless activities at the maritime barrier. In it, some policies (with short or middle time horizons) aimed at reducing long embarkation and disembarkation times due to the decomposing operation of the convoys, as well as the subsequent recompositing and verification operations of the rolling stock, are proposed.

Methods
The proposed solutions are based on time schedules and direct observation. The proposals are not to be considered mutually exclusive, and they could represent a progressive improvement whose results are beneficial in reducing the crossing time. For each one, setup time and costs are considered to evaluate which is more appropriate.

Results
The report assesses the benefits of introducing some interventions, and the solutions have been organized sequentially to reduce infrastructure costs. Consequently, some of the proposed solutions can be implemented immediately, thus improving the quality of the service without requiring high financial and time costs.

Conclusion
Planning a succession of actions could lead to a progressive improvement in the quality of the services offered, letting public administration focus on priorities, thus offering the opportunity to monitor and evaluate the efficiency of each measure.
Co-Design, Development, and Evaluation of a Mobile Solution to Improve Medication Adherence in Cancer: Design Science Research Approach
Authors: Dang Thu Ha , Wickramasinghe Nilmini , Forkan Abdur Rahim Mohammad , Jayaraman Prem Prakash , Burbury Kate , O’Callaghan Clare , Whitechurch Ashley , Schofield Penelope 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundMedication nonadherence negatively impacts the health outcomes of people with cancer as well as health care costs. Digital technologies present opportunities to address this health issue. However, there is limited evidence on how to develop digital interventions that meet the needs of people with cancer, are perceived as useful, and are potentially effective in improving medication adherence.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to co-design, develop, and preliminarily evaluate an innovative mobile health solution called Safety and Adherence to Medication and Self-Care Advice in Oncology (SAMSON) to improve medication adherence among people with cancer.MethodsUsing the 4 cycles and 6 processes of design science research methodology, we co-designed and developed a medication adherence solution for people with cancer. First, we conducted a literature review on medication adherence in cancer and a systematic review of current interventions to address this issue. Behavioral science research was used to conceptualize the design features of SAMSON. Second, we conducted 2 design phases: prototype design and final feature design. Last, we conducted a mixed methods study on patients with hematological cancer over 6 weeks to evaluate the mobile solution.ResultsThe developed mobile solution, consisting of a mobile app, a web portal, and a cloud-based database, includes 5 modules: medication reminder and acknowledgment, symptom assessment and management, reinforcement, patient profile, and reporting. The quantitative study (n=30) showed that SAMSON was easy to use (21/27, 78%). The app was engaging (18/27, 67%), informative, increased user interactions, and well organized (19/27, 70%). Most of the participants (21/27, 78%) commented that SAMSON’s activities could help to improve their adherence to cancer treatments, and more than half of them (17/27, 63%) would recommend the app to their peers. The qualitative study (n=25) revealed that SAMSON was perceived as helpful in terms of reminding, supporting, and informing patients. Possible barriers to using SAMSON include the app glitches and users’ technical inexperience. Further needs to refine the solution were also identified. Technical improvements and design enhancements will be incorporated into the subsequent iteration.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the successful application of behavioral science research and design science research methodology to design and develop a mobile solution for patients with cancer to be more adherent. The study also highlights the importance of applying rigorous methodologies in developing effective and patient-centered digital intervention solutions.
Determining the Right Levels of Health Coaching and Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback in a Workplace Behavior Change Intervention: Multiphase Optimization Strategy Preparation Study
Authors: Locke Sean , Osborne Jenna 
Published: February 2024

Background
Work-related stress is associated with poor job performance and negative health outcomes. Changing health behaviors through corporate wellness programs can improve physical and mental health and help employees manage stress. This project sought to pilot the potential addition of brief coaching and biofeedback to an 8-week web-based self-help program to improve employee stress using the multiphase optimization strategy.

Objective
This study aims to determine which candidate components will be tested in a later optimization phase and at what dose they will be tested, examine the feasibility and acceptability of delivering the different components, investigate whether the outcomes can be feasibly measured, and review evidence to build a conceptual model before the optimization phase.

Methods
The study was positioned within the preparation phase of the multiphase optimization strategy. It is a 2×2×2×2 design with 4 components: 2 types of health coaching and 2 types of biofeedback. All components were tested by turning them on or off. A total of 16 adult office workers (mean age 40, SD 14.3 years; n=15 women) completed an 8-week self-paced web-based stress management and health behavior change program and were randomly assigned to 1 of the 16 conditions, created from a combination of the 4 candidate components. Assessments included web analytics, surveys, and interviews regarding program recommendations, likes, and dislikes.

Results
Findings from the interviews provided suggestions to improve the intervention (eg, separating wellness from stress content) and trial conduct (eg, streamlining the onboarding process). On average, participants logged into the wellness program 83 times (range 36-291), with 75% (12/16) participant retention and 67% (8/12) survey completion. There were no reported problems with coaching or obtaining data from interviews or apps. The interview findings suggested potential mediators to include and assess in a future conceptual model.

Conclusions
The results provided areas to improve the intervention content and trial methods. Instead of progressing to the next scheduled large-scale optimization phase, our plan to iterate through a second preparation phase after making changes to the protocol, apps, and corporate coaching partner.
Effect of a Mobile Game–Based Intervention to Enhance Child Safety: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Wong Rosa S , Tung Keith T S , Ho Frederick K W , Wong Wilfred H S , Chow Chun Bong , Chan Ko Ling , Fu King Wa , Ip Patrick 
Published: February 2024

Background
Evidence supports the effectiveness of serious games in health education, but little is known about their effects on the psychosocial well-being of children in the general population.

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the potential of a mobile game–based safety education program in improving children’s safety and psychosocial outcomes.

Methods
Safe City is a mobile roleplaying game specifically designed to educate children in Hong Kong about safety. This randomized controlled trial included 340 children in grades 4 through 6. Intervention arm participants (n=170) were instructed to play the Safe City mobile game for 4 weeks, whereas control arm participants (n=170) received a safety booklet. All participants completed a survey on safety knowledge and behaviors and psychosocial problems at baseline (T1), 1 month postintervention (T2), and 3 months postintervention (T3). Cumulative game scores and mini-game performance were analyzed as a proxy for the extent of exposure to the game. Outcome data were analyzed using 2-sample 2-tailed t tests to compare mean change from T1 to T2 and to T3 for intervention versus control arm participants. The association of game use with outcome changes postintervention was analyzed using generalized additive models.

Results
No significant differences were found in mean changes between the intervention and control arms. However, use analyses showed that higher game scores were associated with improvements in safe behavior (P=.03) and internalizing problems (P=.01) at T3. Matching and Spot the Danger mini-game performance significantly predicted improvements in safety knowledge at T2 and T3.

Conclusions
Analysis of use has shown that playing the Safe City mobile game can result in significant improvements in safety knowledge and reductions in unsafe behavior and internalizing problems. These findings provide evidence for the positive impact of serious games on psychological and social well-being, highlighting the potential of technology-driven interventions to assist children in learning about safety and preventing injuries.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.org NCT04096196; https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT04096196

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
RR2-10.2196/17756