bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Titanium Complexes of Chelating, Dianionic O,S,O‐Bisphenolato Ligands: Syntheses, Characterisation, and Catalytic Activity
Authors: Janas Zofia , Jerzykiewicz Lucjan B. , Przybylak Katarzyna , Sobota Piotr , Szczegot Krzysztof , Wiśniewska Dorota 
Published: March 2005

AbstractTitanium complexes based on 2,2′‐thiobis[4‐(1,1,3,3‐tetramethylbutyl)phenolato] (tbop) are prepared by reaction of TiCl4 or Ti(NMe2)4 with the parent biphenol. Three new complexes are reported: [Ti2(μ‐tbop‐κ3O,S,O)(μ‐tbop‐κ2O,O)‐(tbop‐κ3O,S,O)Cl2] (1)·2 CH3CN, [Ti2(μ‐tbop‐κ3O,S,O)2Cl4] (2) and [Ti(tbop‐κ3O,S,O)2] (3). Substitution of the chlorides in 1 and 2 by 2,6‐diisopropylphenolato and imido (NtBu) ligands generates the new compounds [Ti2(μ‐tbop‐κ3O,S,O)2‐Cl2(dipp)2] (4)·Et2O and [Ti2(μ‐tbop‐κ3O,S,O)2(NtBu)2‐(NH2tBu)2] (5), respectively. Treatment of 5 with crude Me3‐SiCl, containing Me3SiOH, produces [Ti(tbop‐κ3O,S,O)Cl(OSiMe3)(NH2tBu)] (6). Reaction of 2 with an excess of NHiPr2 provides a mixture of compounds: ionic [NH2iPr2][Ti(tbop‐κ3O,S,O)Cl3] (7)·CH2Cl2 and molecular [Ti2(μ‐tbop‐κ3O,S,O)2‐Cl2(NiPr2)2] (8). The structures of 1–8 were confirmed by NMR spectroscopy; complexes 1, 5, 6 and 7 were further investigated by X‐ray crystallography. Compounds 1, 2, 4 and 5, when supported on MgCl2 and activated with alkylaluminiums, effectively polymerise ethene. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
In vitro Relaxometric and Luminescence Characterization of P792 (Gadomelitol, Vistarem®), an Efficient and Rapid Clearance Blood Pool MRI Contrast Agent
Authors: Vander Elst Luce , Raynal Isabelle , Port Marc , Tisnès Pierre , Muller Robert N. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractP792 (Gadomelitol, Vistarem®), a hydrophilic high molecular weight (MW = 6473 g/mol) derivative of DOTA‐Gd is a rapid clearance blood pool agent (RCBPA) characterized by high proton relaxivities r1 and r2 at 310 K in the current range of clinical imaging magnetic fields. Luminescence data of the EuIII complex, as expected for this type of DOTA derivative, agree with the presence of one water molecule in the first coordination sphere of the lanthanide ion. The stability of the water proton longitudinal relaxation rate in the presence of zinc(II) and phosphate ions showed that the transmetallation by ZnII ions is negligible. The temperature dependence of the water oxygen‐17 transverse relaxation rate gave a τM smaller than 100 ns at 310 K. No significant increase of longitudinal or transverse relaxation rates in serum or HSA solution was noticed, precluding association with high molecular weight blood components. The proton Nuclear Magnetic Relaxation Dispersion (NMRD) profile of the water solution showed a maximum of longitudinal relaxivity between 20 and 40 MHz (r1 ≈ 40 s–1 mM–1 at 310 K). Fitting of the proton NMRD curve by the classical outersphere and innersphere models, including or not additional second sphere water molecules, gave a rotational correlation time of approximately 2 to 3 ns and a large value of the electronic relaxation time at low field (τSO ≈ 500 ps). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Low‐Valent Titanium–Pentafulvene Complexes — Formation of Dinuclear Titanium–Nitrogen Complexes
Authors: Scherer Axel , Kollak Kay , Lützen Arne , Friedemann Marion , Haase Detlev , Saak Wolfgang , Beckhaus Rüdiger 
Published: March 2005

AbstractSodium amalgam reduction of [(η5‐C5Me5)TiCl3] (1) in the presence of the pentafulvenes {C5H4=CR2, R: p‐tol (2), p‐FPh (3), CR2: adamantyl (4)} under nitrogen smoothly produces dark green or dark blue dinuclear low‐valent titanium complexes [{(η5‐C5Me5)Ti(η6‐C5H4=CR2)}2(μ2,η1,η1‐N2)] {R: p‐tol (6), p‐FPh (7), CR2: adamantyl (8)}, characterized by a bridging end‐on coordinated dinitrogen ligand, in high yield. In the same way, the nitrogen‐free, low‐coordinated complex [(η5‐C5Me5)Ti(η6‐C9H6=C(p‐tol)2)] (10) is obtained by using the more sterically demanding benzofulvene C9H6=C(p‐tol)2 (5) instead of 2–4. The solid‐state structures of the dinitrogen compounds reveal weakly activated end‐on bound N2 ligands with identical N–N distances of 1.160(3) Å (6) and 1.160(5) Å (8). The dinitrogen complexes 6, 7 and 8 show diamagnetic behaviour, which allowed a complete NMR spectroscopic characterization. So a correlation between the situation in solution, measured by NMR, and in the solid state (X‐ray diffraction) becomes possible and shows a congruent picture. A broad range of reactions can be imagined concerning the easily replaceable dinitrogen ligand as well as the known reactivity of fulvene ligands in complexes of early transition metals. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Low‐Valent Titanium−Pentafulvene Complexes − Formation of Dinuclear Titanium−Nitrogen Complexes (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 6/2005)
Authors: Scherer Axel , Kollak Kay , Lützen Arne , Friedemann Marion , Haase Detlev , Saak Wolfgang , Beckhaus Rüdiger 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe cover picture shows a high‐yield, one‐step synthesis of end‐on bridged dinuclear titanium−dinitrogen complexes using Cp*TiCl3, N2 and pentafulvenes under reductive conditions. The Cp* as well as the fulvene ligands are arranged in a stereoregular manner along the Ti−N≡N−Ti axis, both in the solid state as well as in solution, as proved by extensive NMR measurements. Details are discussed in the article by R. Beckhaus et al. on p. 1003 ff. In a similar way a nitrogen‐free, low‐coordinated titanium complex is obtained by using sterically demanding benzofulvenes. We thank the Fonds der Chemischen Industrie for a kindly granted scholarship (A. S.).
Image‐based view rendering in endoscopy
Authors: Koppel Dan , Wang Yuan‐Fang , Lee Hua 
Published: March 2005

AbstractVideo endoscopy, a modality of minimally invasive surgery, has proven to be significantly less invasive to the patient. However, by relying on a video interface to observe the surgical scene, several nonintuitive effects need to be contended with. One of these is the reduction or removal of the discrepancy in view position and orientation between the surgeon and the endoscope. Eliminating artifacts in the visual feedback is important for the improvement of the effectiveness of the surgical procedures. This article presents a novel rendering technique to produce the scene from a “surgeon‐centric” viewpoint to create greater transparency for optimizing the visual precision of the endoscopic procedures. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 14, 181–185, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.20022
Phenolic wastewater treatment in a three‐phase fluidised bed bioreactor containing low density particles
Authors: Sokół Włodzimierz , Korpal Wojciech 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe treatment of phenolic wastewater was investigated in a gas–liquid–solid fluidised bed bioreactor containing polypropylene particles of density 910 kg m−3. Measurements of chemical oxygen demand (COD) versus residence time (t) were performed for various ratios of settled bed volume to bioreactor volume (Vb/VR) and air velocities (u) to determine the values of (Vb/VR) and u for which the largest reduction in COD occurred. Optimal operation, corresponding to the largest COD removal, was attained when the bioreactor was controlled at the ratio (Vb/VR) = 0.55 and an air velocity u = 0.036 m s−1. Under these conditions, the value of COD was practically at steady state for times greater than 50 h. At this steady state, only about 50% COD removal was achieved in the treatment of a ‘raw’ wastewater (no mineral salts added), whereas in the operation with wastewater enriched in nutrient salts approximately 90% COD removal was attained. The following amount of mineral salts (mg dm−3): (NH4)2SO4—500; KH2PO4—200; MgCl2—30; NaCl—30; CaCl2—20; and FeCl3—7, when added to wastewater before treatment, was sufficient for biomass growth. The application of low density particles (used as biomass support) in a bioreactor allowed the control of biomass loading in the apparatus. In the cultures conducted after change in (Vb/VR) at a set u, the steady state mass of cells grown on the particles was achieved after approximately 6 days of operation. With change in u at a set (Vb/VR), the new steady state biomass loading occurred after culturing for about 2 days. Phenolic wastewater was successfully treated in a bioreactor. In the operation conducted in a bioreactor optimally controlled at (Vb/VR) = 0.55, u = 0.036 m s−1 and t = 50 h, conversions greater than 99% were achieved for all phenolic constituents of the wastewater. Conversions of about 90% were attained for other hydrocarbons. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Heavy cycles passing through some specified vertices in weighted graphs
Authors: Fujisawa Jun , Yoshimoto Kiyoshi , Zhang Shenggui 
Published: March 2005

AbstractA weighted graph is one in which every edge e is assigned a nonnegative number, called the weight of e. The sum of the weights of the edges incident with a vertex υ is called the weighted degree of υ. The weight of a cycle is defined as the sum of the weights of its edges. In this paper, we prove that: (1) if G is a 2‐connected weighted graph such that the minimum weighted degree of G is at least d, then for every given vertices x and y, either G contains a cycle of weight at least 2d passing through both of x and y or every heaviest cycle in G is a hamiltonian cycle, and (2) if G is a 2‐connected weighted graph such that the weighted degree sum of every pair of nonadjacent vertices is at least s, then for every vertex y, G contains either a cycle of weight at least s passing through y or a hamiltonian cycle. AMS classification: 05C45 05C38 05C35. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with enhanced bronchial expression of FGF‐1, FGF‐2, and FGFR‐1
Authors: Kranenburg Andor R , Willems‐Widyastuti Anna , Mooi Wolter J , Saxena Pramod R , Sterk Peter J , de Boer Willem I , Sharma Hari S 
Published: March 2005

AbstractAn important feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is airway remodelling, the molecular mechanisms of which are poorly understood. In this study, the role of fibroblast growth factors (FGF‐1 and FGF‐2) and their receptor, FGFR‐1, was assessed in bronchial airway wall remodelling in patients with COPD (FEV1 < 75%; n = 15) and without COPD (FEV1 > 85%; n = 16). FGF‐1 and FGFR‐1 were immunolocalized in bronchial epithelium, airway smooth muscle (ASM), submucosal glandular epithelium, and vascular smooth muscle. Quantitative digital image analysis revealed increased cytoplasmic expression of FGF‐2 in bronchial epithelium (0.35 ± 0.03 vs 0.20 ± 0.04, p < 0.008) and nuclear localization in ASM (p < 0.0001) in COPD patients compared with controls. Elevated levels of FGFR‐1 in ASM (p < 0.005) and of FGF‐1 (p < 0.04) and FGFR‐1 (p < 0.001) in bronchial epithelium were observed. In cultured human ASM cells, FGF‐1 and/or FGF‐2 (10 ng/ml) induced cellular proliferation, as shown by [3H]thymidine incorporation and by cell number counts. Steady‐state mRNA levels of FGFR‐1 were elevated in human ASM cells treated with either FGF‐1 or FGF‐2. The increased bronchial expression of fibroblast growth factors and their receptor in patients with COPD, and the mitogenic response of human ASM cells to FGFs in vitro suggest a potential role for the FGF/FGFR‐1 system in the remodelling of bronchial airways in COPD. Copyright © 2005 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PRDM1/Blimp‐1 is expressed in human B‐lymphocytes committed to the plasma cell lineage
Authors: Cattoretti Giorgio , Angelin‐Duclos Cristina , Shaknovich Rita , Zhou Huiping , Wang Denong , Alobeid Bachir 
Published: March 2005

AbstractPRDM1/Blimp‐1 (in human and mouse, respectively) has a central role in determining and shaping the secretory arm of mature B‐cell differentiation. In this study, a mouse monoclonal antibody that recognizes PRDM1 was used to detail its distribution in normal human lymphoid tissue and in lymphoid neoplasms that correspond to different stages of B‐cell differentiation. PRDM1 was expressed in germinal centre blasts that co‐express Pax5, CD19, CD20, and CD10, but not BCL6 or MTA‐3. Pax5 was downregulated and full plasma cell morphology and phenotype were acquired by PRDM1+, nuclear cREL−, pre‐plasma cells upon exit from the germinal centre. Activated extrafollicular B‐cells (CD30+, Pax5+) were largely PRDM1−. PRDM1 was also absent in tissue histiocytes and the majority of resting T‐cells and S‐100+ antigen‐presenting cells. PRDM1 and CD138 were expressed simultaneously in human lymphomas with plasma cell differentiation, but not in marginal zone lymphomas or chronic lymphocytic leukaemias. A minority of diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas expressed PRDM1 and Hodgkin lymphomas were largely PRDM1−. Infiltrating T‐cells in PRDM1− B‐cell lymphomas expressed PRDM1. In conclusion, PRDM1 staining is a reliable and informative assay to define plasma cell commitment and differentiation in human normal and neoplastic B‐cell lineages. Copyright © 2005 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New poly(oxyethylene) derivatives and their oligo analogues from Diels–Alder reactions of 5‐[methoxypoly(oxyethylene)]‐(3E)‐1, 3‐pentadiene and 5‐methoxyethoxy‐(3E)‐1,3‐pentadiene
Authors: Hopkins Timothy E. , Park Moa , Chacon Almary , Sedaghat‐Herati Reza 
Published: March 2005

AbstractDiels–Alder reactions of 5‐[methoxypoly(oxyethylene)]‐(3E)‐1,3‐pentadiene (1a) with maleic anhydride, diethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DADC), and acrolein were investigated for the synthesis of new poly(ethylene glycol) derivatives. To facilitate the characterization of the derivatives, Diels–Alder reactions of 5‐methoxyethoxy‐(3E)‐1,3‐pentadiene (1b) with the aforementioned dienophiles were also studied. The reaction of o‐toluidine with the cycloaddition product from maleic anhydride and 1b resulted in the corresponding amide products. The reactions of 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone with cycloadducts derived from 1a and 1b with DADC resulted in the aromatization of the corresponding products. An NMR analysis of the adducts obtained from 1a and acrolein in water and from 1b and acrolein in water/acetonitrile (4:1 v/v) indicated a mixture of endo and exo, with the endo concentration being approximately 80%. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 1895–1902, 2005
Sequence–structure–function relationships of a tRNA (m7G46) methyltransferase studied by homology modeling and site‐directed mutagenesis
Authors: Purta Elżbieta , van Vliet Françoise , Tricot Catherine , De Bie Lara G. , Feder Marcin , Skowronek Krzysztof , Droogmans Louis , Bujnicki Janusz M. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe Escherichia coli TrmB protein and its Saccharomyces cerevisiae ortholog Trm8p catalyze the S‐adenosyl‐L‐methionine‐dependent formation of 7‐methylguanosine at position 46 (m7G46) in tRNA. To learn more about the sequence–structure–function relationships of these enzymes we carried out a thorough bioinformatics analysis of the tRNA:m7G methyltransferase (MTase) family to predict sequence regions and individual amino acid residues that may be important for the interactions between the MTase and the tRNA substrate, in particular the target guanosine 46. We used site‐directed mutagenesis to construct a series of alanine substitutions and tested the activity of the mutants to elucidate the catalytic and tRNA‐recognition mechanism of TrmB. The functional analysis of the mutants, together with the homology model of the TrmB structure and the results of the phylogenetic analysis, revealed the crucial residues for the formation of the substrate‐binding site and the catalytic center in tRNA:m7G MTases. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Utilization of Solid State Chemistry Reaction Routes as New Syntheses Strategies for the Coordination Chemistry of Rare Earth Amides
Authors: Müller‐Buschbaum Klaus 
Published: March 2005

AbstractSolvent free high‐temperature reactions in melts are well known procedures in Solid‐State Chemistry. Although the reaction conditions are extreme considering the properties of organic ligands they can also be utilized for Coordination Chemistry and offer a fruitful alternative to usual solvent treatments. This includes the chemistry of organic amides of the rare earth elements. The avoidance of any solvent renders novel homoleptic complexes accessible but also implies difficulties bound to the solid state of the reaction mixtures. The high chemical affinity of the rare earth elements towards halides and especially oxygen limits known homoleptic amides obtained via solvent treatments mostly to multi‐chelating ligands like porphyrines, calix‐pyrroles etc. With no special conditions met like a high steric demand, solvent molecules as co‐coordinating partners enforce the formation of heteroleptic species. This influence can be avoided by the use of completely solvent free reactions, such as melt reactions in which a solid is reacted directly with a melt or with a substance under solvothermal conditions. The high reactivity of the rare earth metals allows the direct oxidation with amines and thus to use high‐temperature reactions for the formation of rare earth amides. This includes homoleptic compounds from simple ligands. Crystallization under reaction conditions is possible; no re‐crystallization step is necessary preventing the risk of a change of the chemical character of the products.Additionally, the solubility of rare earth elements in liquid ammonia under formation of an electride solution enlarges the temperature range of these oxidation reactions down to the melting point of ammonia. It further enhances the reactivity of the metals and less N‐H acidic and thermally less stable amines can be introduced into these syntheses enabling the formation of meta stable products. The crystal structures and hence the properties of the products of both high‐ and low‐temperature oxidation of rare earth metals with amines strongly differ from reactions carried out in classic solvents. Thus reaction routes frequently used in Solid State Chemistry can well be utilized for Coordination Chemistry and offer alternatives to classic solvent based synthesis, particularly if certain properties like homoleptic character or the coordination of elements with a low chemical affinity are aimed for.
The Iminoborane tBuB≡NtBu as a Dipolarphile in (2+3) Cycloadditions
Authors: Kröckert Bernd , van Bonn Karl‐Heinz , Paetzold Peter 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe iminoborane tBuB≡NtBu and the diazomethane tBuCH=N2 give the (2+3) cycloadduct [—HC(tBu)—N=N—N(tBu)=B(tBu)—] in a 1:1 reaction and the seven‐membered ring [—C(tBu)=N—NH—N(tBu)=B(tBu)—N(tBu)=B(tBu)—] in a 2:1 reaction. The (2+3) cycloadduct decomposes above 0 °C to give the seven‐membered ring, N2, and HC(tBu)=N—N=CH(tBu) in the ratio 2:1:1. The borane tBuB≡NtBu and organic azides R″N3 yield the (2+3) cycloadducts [—R″N—N=N—N(tBu)=B(tBu)—] (R″ = Me, Et, Pr, Bu, iBu, sBu, C5H11, c‐C5H9, c‐C6H11, Bzl, EtOOC).
α‐Gluthathione S‐Transferase as an Early Marker of Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury after Liver Resection
Authors: Choukér Alexander , Martignoni André , Schauer Rolf J. , Dugas Martin , Schachtner Thomas , Kaufmann Ines , Setzer Florian , Rau Horst G. , Löhe Florian , Jauch Karl‐W. , Peter Klaus , Thiel Manfred 
Published: March 2005

AbstractOrgan dysfunction following liver resection is one of the major postoperative complications of liver surgery. The Pringle maneuver is often applied during liver resection to minimize bleeding, which in turn complicates the postoperative course owing to liver ischemia and reperfusion. Routinely, hepatocellular damage is diagnosed by, for example, abnormal aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and the prothrombin time (PT). The cytosolic liver enzyme α‐glutathione S‐transferase (α‐GST) has recently been shown to have good sensitivity for detecting hepatic injury after acetaminophen poisoning or liver transplantation, but its role in non‐transplantation liver surgery has not been assessed. In this prospective randomized clinical study, the diagnostic role of plasma α‐GST following warm ischemia and reperfusion is reported. A total of 75 patients who underwent liver resection were randomly assigned to three groups: (1) without Pringle (NPR); (2) with Pringle (PR); (3) with ischemic preconditioning by 10 minutes of ischemia and reperfusion each prior to the Pringle manuever (IPC). The major findings are as follows: (1) ALT, AST, and α‐GST increased upon liver manipulation as early as prior to resection, with a rapid return of α‐GST values to preoperative levels, whereas ALT and AST further increased on the first postoperative day. (2) In the PR group, α‐GST, but not ALT and AST, was significantly elevated compared with that in the NPR group at 15 and 30 minutes and 2 hours after resection/reperfusion. In addition, only levels of α‐GST significantly correlated with the Pringle duration. (3) The ischemia/reperfusion‐induced early rise in α‐GST was completely prevented by ischemic preconditioning. Moreover, only α‐GST concentrations (>490 μg L−1) determined early after resection (2 hours) predicted postoperative liver dysfunction (24 hours PT < 60%) with a positive predictive value of 74% and a negative predictive value of 76%. Thus α‐GST seems to be a sensitive, predictive marker of ischemia/reperfusion‐induced hepatocellular injury and postoperative liver dysfunction.
The Effect of Experiential Knowledge on Construction of Risk Perception in Hereditary Breast/Ovarian Cancer
Authors: d'Agincourt‐Canning Lori 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore the connection between experiential knowledge of hereditary breast/ovarian cancer and understandings of personal cancer risk. Using a qualitative research design, the investigator conducted in‐depth interviews with 53 individuals (45 female, 8 male) from families at high‐risk for hereditary breast/ovarian cancer. Study results showed that two forms of experiential knowledge, empathetic and embodied knowledge, were integral to participants’ constructions of their cancer risk. They also illustrated that knowledge derived from experience often took precedence over objective clinical estimates of risk. The paper discusses the clinical implications of these findings and suggests that counseling strategies, which expand upon patient's lived experience and knowledge of the disease, may enhance communication of genetic risk. Assessment of experiential knowledge promises to suggest new ways to frame genetic information that will enable people to better understand their objective risk or to modify exaggerated and/or inaccurate risk perceptions.
Peptide Hydrophobicity and Partitioning in Poly (ethylene glycol)/ Magnesium Sulfate Aqueous Two‐Phase Systems
Authors: Eiteman Mark A. , Gainer John L. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractSeveral amino acids and peptides were partitioned in poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG)/ magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) aqueous two‐phase systems. The partition coefficients measured for amino acids and peptides were proportional to the difference in PEG concentration between the phases. The partitioning data were used to calculate the relative hydrophobicities of individual amino acids, which were then used to estimate the hydrophobicities of peptides. The partition coefficients of several dipeptides were predicted from these estimated hydrophobicities. A series of peptide fragments that compose the pentapeptide leucine enkephalin was also partitioned in the PEg/ MgSO4 system. Again, the partitioning depended upon the hydrophobicities of the individual exposed amino acids.