bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Injury and illness among Norwegian Olympic athletes during preparation for five consecutive Summer and Winter Games
Authors: Clarsen Benjamin , Berge Hilde Moseby , Bendiksen Fredrik , Fossan Bjørn , Fredriksen Hilde , Haugvad Lars , Kjelsberg Mona , Ronsen Ola , Steffen Kathrin , Torgalsen Thomas , Bahr Roald 
Published: December 2023

ObjectiveTo describe the patterns of health problems among Norwegian Olympic candidates during their preparations for five consecutive Olympic Games (London 2012, Sochi 2014, Rio de Janeiro 2016, PyeongChang 2018 and Tokyo 2020).MethodsThis was a descriptive epidemiological study using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Questionnaire on Health Problems to collect data on all self-reported health problems from Norwegian Olympic candidate athletes for 12–18 months prior to each Olympic Games. Team physicians and physiotherapists followed up the athlete reports, providing clinical care and classifying reported problems according to the International Olympic Committee 2020 consensus statement on methods for recording and reporting of epidemiological data on injury and illness in sport.ResultsBetween 2011 and 2020, 533 athletes were included in the Norwegian Olympic team monitoring programme, with a 78% response to the weekly questionnaire. During this time, athletes reported 2922 health problems, including 1409 illnesses (48%), 886 overuse injuries (repetitive mechanism, 30%) and 627 acute injuries (traumatic mechanism, 21%). Diagnostic codes were recorded for 2829 (97%) of health problems. Athletes reported, on average, 5.9 new health problems per year (95% CI: 5.6 to 6.1), including 1.3 acute injuries (CI: 1.2 to 1.4), 1.7 overuse injuries (CI: 1.6 to 1.9) and 2.9 illnesses (CI: 2.7 to 3.0). Each year, female and male athletes lost an average of 40 and 26 days of training and competition due to health problems, respectively. The diagnoses with the highest health burden were anterior cruciate ligament rupture, respiratory infection, lumbar pain and patellar tendinopathy.ConclusionThe injury burden was particularly high among female athletes and in team sports, whereas endurance sports had the greatest burden of illness. Our data provide a compelling argument for prioritising medical care and investing in prevention programmes not just during the Olympic Games, but also the preparation period.
Multimorbidity in African ancestry populations: a scoping review
Authors: Kamp Michelle , Achilonu Okechinyere , Kisiangani Isaac , Nderitu Daniel Maina , Mpangase Phelelani Thokozani , Tadesse Girmaw Abebe , Adetunji Kayode , Iddi Samuel , Speakman Skyler , Hazelhurst Scott , Asiki Gershim , Ramsay Michèle 
Published: December 2023

ObjectivesMultimorbidity (MM) is a growing concern linked to poor outcomes and higher healthcare costs. While most MM research targets European ancestry populations, the prevalence and patterns in African ancestry groups remain underexplored. This study aimed to identify and summarise the available literature on MM in populations with African ancestry, on the continent, and in the diaspora.DesignA scoping review was conducted in five databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct and JSTOR) in July 2022. Studies were selected based on predefined criteria, with data extraction focusing on methodology and findings. Descriptive statistics summarised the data, and a narrative synthesis highlighted key themes.ResultsOf the 232 publications on MM in African-ancestry groups from 2010 to June 2022—113 examined continental African populations, 100 the diaspora and 19 both. Findings revealed diverse MM patterns within and beyond continental Africa. Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases are predominant in both groups (80% continental and 70% diaspora). Infectious diseases featured more in continental studies (58% continental and 16% diaspora). Although many papers did not specifically address these features, as in previous studies, older age, being women and having a lower socioeconomic status were associated with a higher prevalence of MM, with important exceptions. Research gaps identified included limited data on African-ancestry individuals, inadequate representation, under-represented disease groups, non-standardised methodologies, the need for innovative data strategies, and insufficient translational research.ConclusionThe growing global MM prevalence is mirrored in African-ancestry populations. Recognising the unique contexts of African-ancestry populations is essential when addressing the burden of MM. This review emphasises the need for additional research to guide and enhance healthcare approaches for African-ancestry populations, regardless of their geographic location.
Challenging the utility of 24-hour recall of exclusive breast feeding in Japan
Authors: Nanishi Keiko , Green Joseph , Shibanuma Akira , Hongo Hiroko , Okawa Sumiyo , Tabuchi Takahiro 
Published: December 2023

IntroductionWHO recommends exclusive breast feeding from birth to 6 months. However, to monitor populations, it recommends using the proportion of infants under 6 months who were exclusively breastfed during the previous 24 hours. To assess the usefulness of 24-hour recall, we (1) compared the prevalence of exclusive breast feeding measured by since-birth recall to the prevalence measured by 24-hour recall and (2) quantified each indicator’s association with WHO-recommended, well-established methods for in-hospital breastfeeding support.MethodsWe conducted two online surveys of mothers in Japan (total n=4247) who had a healthy singleton delivery in the previous 25 months. They reported on their breast feeding (a) from birth to 5 months; or (b) during the previous 24 hours, for those with infants under 5 months; or (c) both, for those who participated in the initial survey and also in the follow-up survey. All mothers also reported on their in-hospital support. The strength of each indicator’s association with provision of in-hospital support was quantified as the area under the curve (AUC).ResultsThe prevalences of exclusive breast feeding by since-birth recall were 4.4% (first survey) and 2.5% (second survey). By 24-hour recall, the prevalence appeared to be 29.8%. More in-hospital support was moderately well associated with more exclusive breast feeding measured by since-birth recall: AUC 0.72 (95%CI 0.66 to 0.78). That association is consistent with the known benefits of in-hospital support. In contrast, when exclusive breast feeding was measured by 24-hour recall, its association with in-hospital support appeared to be extremely weak: AUC 0.59 (95% CI 0.54 to 0.65).ConclusionUsing 24-hour recall substantially overestimates the prevalence of exclusive breast feeding since birth, and it conceals the benefits of in-hospital breastfeeding support. To monitor population achievement of exclusive breast feeding for the first 6 months, or to evaluate breastfeeding interventions, 24-hour recall of exclusive breast feeding should not be used alone.
Health and participation in the Lolland-Falster Health Study: a cohort study
Authors: Holmager Therese Lucia Friis , Napolitano George Maria , Esmai­lzadeh Bruun-Rasmu­ssen Neda , Jepsen Randi , Lophaven Søren , Lynge Elsebeth 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundLolland-Falster is the area of Denmark with highest mortality. However, clinical measurements from a population-based health survey showed prevalence of disease indicators similar to those in the rest of Denmark. The study aimed to disentangle this paradox.MethodsThe Lolland-Falster Health Study (LOFUS) took place in 2016–2020. We followed the 53 000 invited persons up for mortality from invitation date to 1 February 2023. Log-binomial regression was used to calculate relative risk (RR) of non-participation versus participation in LOFUS by subgroups of sex, age, municipality, residency group, household composition and economic status. Using Poisson regression, mortality rate ratio (MRR) was calculated between subgroups and within subgroups for non-participants versus participants for all-cause mortality and mortality from cancer, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, external causes and other diseases.ResultsOne-third (36%) of persons invited to LOFUS participated. Only modest differences were seen in participation across subgroups; the largest being an RR of 1.37 (95% CI 1.35 to 1.40) for publicly supported versus self-supported persons. However, non-participants had higher mortality than participants (MRR 3.08, 95% CI 2.82 to 3.37). This pattern was consistent across all subgroups and was found for both all-cause and cause-specific mortality.ConclusionThe paradox we observed could partly be attributed to participation differences between subgroups. However, for the lack of population representativeness of the survey data, our study indicated within-group selection, measured by excess mortality of non-participants, to be much more important than between-group selection. One should therefore be cautious in using even weighted health survey data for prioritising health interventions.
Social services utilisation and referrals after seeking help from health services for self-harm: a systematic review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Steeg Sarah , Mughal Faraz , Kapur Nav , Gnani Shamini , Robinson Catherine 
Published: December 2023

ObjectivesSuicide prevention is a major public health challenge. Appropriate aftercare for self-harm is vital due to increased risks of suicide following self-harm. Many antecedents to self-harm involve social factors and there is strong rationale for social services-based self-harm aftercare. We aimed to review evidence for social service utilisation and referrals among people seeking help following self-harm.DesignSystematic review with narrative synthesis.Data sourcesPubMed, PsycINFO, AMED, Social Policy and Practice, EMBASE, Medline, Web of Science, Social Care Online, citation lists of included articles and grey literature.Eligibility criteriaStudies of people of any age in contact with health services following self-harm, with study outcomes including referrals to or utilisation of social workers and social services.Data extraction and synthesisInformation was extracted from each included study using a proforma and quality was critically assessed by two reviewers. Narrative synthesis was used to review the evidence.ResultsFrom a total of 3414 studies retrieved, 10 reports of 7 studies were included. Study quality was generally high to moderate. All studies were based in emergency departments (EDs) and most were UK based. In studies based solely on ED data, low proportions were referred to social services (in most studies, 1%–4%, though it was up to 44% when social workers were involved in ED assessments). In one study using linked data, 15% (62/427) were referred to social services and 21% (466/2,205) attended social services over the subsequent 3-year period.ConclusionsOverall, few patients were referred to social services after self-harm. Higher reported referral rates may reflect greater service availability, involvement of social workers in psychosocial assessments or better capture of referral activity. Social services-based and integrated approaches for self-harm aftercare are important future directions for suicide prevention. Improved links between social services and health services for people seeking support after self-harm are recommended.
Heart failure management at home: a non-randomised prospective case–controlled trial (HeMan at Home)
Authors: Helberg Justin , Bensimhon Daniel , Katsadouros Vasili , Schmerge Michelle , Smith Heather , Peck Kelly , Williams Kim , Winfrey William , Nanavati Ankit , Knapp Jon , Schmidt Monica , Curran Lisa , McCarthy Megan , Sawulski Mark , Harbrecht Lawrence , Santos Idalys , Masoudi Ellie , Narendra Nischal 
Published: December 2023

Background/objectivesHeart failure (HF) is a growing clinical and economic burden for patients and health systems. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to avoidance and delay in care, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality among many patients with HF. The increasing burden of HF during the COVID-19 pandemic led us to evaluate the quality and safety of the Hospital at Home (HAH) for patients presenting to their community providers or emergency department (ED) with symptoms of acute on chronic HF (CHF) requiring admission.Design/outcomesA non-randomised prospective case–controlled of patients enrolled in the HAH versus admission to the hospital (usual care, UC). Primary outcomes included length of stay (LOS), adverse events, discharge disposition and patient satisfaction. Secondary outcomes included 30-day readmission rates, 30-day ED usage and ED dwell time.ResultsSixty patients met inclusion/exclusion criteria and were included in the study. Of the 60 patients, 40 were in the HAH and 20 were in the UC group. Primary outcomes demonstrated that HAH patients had slightly longer LOS (6.3 days vs 4.7 days); however, fewer adverse events (12.5% vs 35%) compared with the UC group. Those enrolled in the HAH programme were less likely to be discharged with postacute services (skilled nursing facility or home health). HAH was associated with increased patient satisfaction compared with Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) score in North Carolina. Secondary outcomes of 30-day readmission and ED usage were similar between HAH and UC.ConclusionsThe HAH pilot programme was shown to be a safe and effective alternative to hospitalisation for the appropriately selected patient presenting with acute on CHF.
BNP level predicts bleeding event in patients with heart failure after percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Otsuka Yasuhiro , Ishii Masanobu , Ikebe So , Nakamura Taishi , Tsujita Kenichi , Kaikita Koichi , Matoba Tetsuya , Kohro Takahide , Oba Yusuke , Kabutoya Tomoyuki , Kario Kazuomi , Imai Yasushi , Kiyosue Arihiro , Mizuno Yoshiko , Nochioka Kotaro , Nakayama Masaharu , Iwai Takamasa , Miyamoto Yoshihiro , Sato Hisahiko , Akashi Naoyuki , Fujita Hideo , Nagai Ryozo 
Published: December 2023

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the association between heart failure (HF) severity measured based on brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels and future bleeding events after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).BackgroundThe Academic Research Consortium for High Bleeding Risk presents a bleeding risk assessment for antithrombotic therapy in patients after PCI. HF is a risk factor for bleeding in Japanese patients.MethodsUsing an electronic medical record-based database with seven tertiary hospitals in Japan, this retrospective study included 7160 patients who underwent PCI between April 2014 and March 2020 and who completed a 3-year follow-up and were divided into three groups: no HF, HF with high BNP level and HF with low BNP level. The primary outcome was bleeding events according to the Global Use of Streptokinase and t-PA for Occluded Coronary Arteries classification of moderate and severe bleeding. The secondary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Furthermore, thrombogenicity was measured using the Total Thrombus-Formation Analysis System (T-TAS) in 536 consecutive patients undergoing PCI between August 2013 and March 2017 at Kumamoto University Hospital.ResultsMultivariate Cox regression showed that HF with high BNP level was significantly associated with bleeding events, MACE and all-cause death. In the T-TAS measurement, the thrombogenicity was lower in patients with HF with high BNP levels than in those without HF and with HF with low BNP levels.ConclusionsHF with high BNP level is associated with future bleeding events, suggesting that bleeding risk might differ depending on HF severity.
Awareness of electronic cigarette industry practices and their associations with anti-electronic cigarette attitudes among susceptible US young adults
Authors: Phan Lilianna , Choi Kelvin 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundPublic education exposing cigarette industry practices have been effective in changing attitudes and preventing smoking among young people. It is unclear how much young adults are aware of e-cigarette industry practices, and how this awareness relates to anti-e-cigarette attitudes. We examined demographic correlates of awareness of e-cigarette industry practices and anti-e-cigarette attitudes, and the association between awareness of these practices with anti-e-cigarette attitudes.MethodsA US sample of young adults aged 18–30 years who do not use commercial tobacco products but are susceptible to e-cigarette use were cross-sectionally surveyed through online panel services from August 2021 to January 2022. Respondents reported their demographics, awareness of cigarette industry practices, awareness of e-cigarette industry practices and their level of agreement with four anti-e-cigarette attitude statements. We used multivariable linear regressions to examine demographic associations and the relationship between awareness of e-cigarette industry practices with each anti-e-cigarette attitude, adjusting for demographics and awareness of cigarette industry practices.ResultsGenerally, Hispanic and Black young adults (vs White) and those with <US$75 000 annual household income (vs ≥US$75 000) knew of fewer e-cigarette industry practices. Black young adults (vs White) and those with <US$75 000 annual household income (vs ≥US$75,000) also had lower levels of agreement with anti-e-cigarette attitudes. Awareness of e-cigarette industry practices (vs awareness of zero practices) were associated with stronger agreement with each of the four anti-e-cigarette attitudes.DiscussionPublic education exposing e-cigarette industry practices may promote anti-e-cigarette attitudes among susceptible young adults who do not use commercial tobacco products. Future research should investigate the utility of anti-e-cigarette industry messaging.
Study on strength damage model considering resistivity and failure characteristics of the frozen soil–rock mixture under different loading rates
Authors: Wang Shuangjiao , Li Zhiqing , Gao Zhiao , Qi Zhiyu , Sun Kai , Hu Ruilin , Zhou Yingxin 
Published: December 2023

The strength damage and deformation failure of frozen soil–rock mixture (FSRM) often restrict the safety of the major engineering construction in cold areas or the spatial development of urban underground water-rich rock and soil masses. To investigate the uniaxial strength damage evolution and failure characteristics of FSRM under different loading rates (0.3, 0.6, 3, 6, 30, and 60 mm·min−1) in the quasi-static range, resistivity monitoring and image recognition technology were used to study the time-stress-volumetric strain-resistivity changes. The results indicate that the peak stress, peak strain, initial yield modulus, and tangential modulus of FSRM increase rapidly before increasing slowly as the loading rate increases, and there are critical loading rates and post-peak failure phenomenon. Three distinct types of failure modes, bulge failure, oblique shear failure, and fragmentation failure were observed at low (0.3–0.6 mm·min−1), medium (3–6 mm·min−1), and high loading rates (30–60 mm·min−1), respectively. The macroscopic failure of the FSRM at different loading rates arises from a combination of strain rate hardening of the strength and damage softening of the structure. To predict the stress-strain characteristics at various loading rates, a damage prediction model with a damage variable correction factor considering residual strength was employed based on the improved Duncan–Chang model and damage theory of electrical resistivity, and the predicted results were in good agreement with the experimental data.
Genomic characterization of three bacterial isolates antagonistic to the pea root rot pathogen Aphanomyces euteiches
Authors: Hossain Zakir , Hubbard Michelle 
Published: December 2023

Microorganisms living in soil and rhizosphere or inside plants can promote plant growth and health. Genomic characterization of beneficial microbes could shed light on their special features. Through extensive field survey across Saskatchewan, Canada, followed by in vitro and greenhouse characterization, we identified several bacterial isolates antagonistic to pea root rot pathogen Aphanomyces euteiches. In this study, the genomes of three isolates— Pseudomonas sp. rhizo 66 (PD-S66), Pseudomonas synxantha rhizo 25 (Ps-S25), and Serratia sp. root 2 (TS-R2)—were sequenced, assembled, and annotated. Genome size of PD-S66 was 6 279 416 bp with 65 contigs, 59.32% GC content, and 5653 predicted coding sequences (CDS). Genome size of Ps-S25 was 6 058 437 bp with 66 contigs, a GC content of 60.08%, and 5575 predicted CDS. The genome size of TS-R2 was 5 282 152 bp, containing 26 contigs, a GC content of 56.17%, and 4956 predicted CDS. For the identification of the isolates, digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values were determined, which confirmed PD-S66 and TS-R2 as potential new species, belonging to Pseudomonas and Serratia genera, respectively, while Ps-S25 belongs to species Pseudomonas synxantha. Biosynthetic gene clusters were predicted using antiSMASH. The genomic data provided insight into the genetics and biochemical pathways supporting the antagonistic activity against A. euteiches of these isolates.
Differences in Otolith Microstructure between Reared and Wild Hedinichthys yarkandensis
Authors: Xia Liwei , Wang Chengxin , Wang Xinyue , Hu Linghui , Zi Fangze , Yang Liting , Serekbol Gulden , Song Yong , Chen Shengao 
Published: December 2023

In this study, a significant difference was demonstrated between the otolith increments of wild and reared Hedinichthys yarkandensis (day, 1877)

P

<

0.05

. By comparing the width of the first 40 daily increments of otoliths, it was found that the otolith width of the wild H. yarkandensis was significantly wider than that of the reared H. yarkandensis. The otolith daily increment width of wild H. yarkandensis tends to increase significantly with age and then decreases slowly, while the otolith daily increment width of reared H. yarkandensis grows more steadily. This may be related to the different growing conditions of the two groups. This study investigates the relationship between the early life history of H. yarkandensis and the daily otolith increment and provides a basis for identifying fish groups and fish life histories through differences in otolith microstructure.
Estimation of Aboveground Forest Biomass and Carbon Storage of Bangladesh
Authors: Mojumder Ajoy , Hossain Md Sahadat , Volk Timothy A 
Published: December 2023

Forest biomass helps mitigate climate change impacts through sequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide and potentially storing it for long periods of time. Deforestation and timber harvesting cause the reduction of forest biomass resulting in the reduced carbon sequestration capacity and alterednatural balance of forest ecosystems. We used remote sensing and GIS tools in the four important forest cover zones within five districts of Bangladesh to compare the aboveground forest biomass (AGB) changes between 2014 and 2020. We found an increased AGB in Sundarban mangrove forest from 89.73 Mg.h-1 in 2014 to 90.76 Mg.h-1 in 2020. Similarly, the AGB was found to be increased for Ukhiya hill forest from 7.89 Mg.h-1 in 2014 to 8.89 Mg.h-1 in 2020. Contrary, the average AGB content in Nijhum Dwip mangrove forest decreased from 44.36 Mg.h-1 in 2014 to 37.46 Mg.h-1 in 2020. The average AGB of Modhupur decidious forest also found to be decreased from 110.01 Mg.h-1 in 2014 to 107.22 Mg.h-1 in 2020. The decreased biomass contents could be attributed to anthropgenic factors as indicated by the presence of human activities and this informatin will be helpful for forest restoration and management in Bangladesh.