bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling and probabilistic evaluation of repair strategies in the initiation phase of chloride‐induced corrosion of the reinforcement of concrete structures
Authors: Van Den Hende Karel , Helderweirt Stef , Botte Wouter , Matthys Stijn , Lombaert Geert , Caspeele Robby 
Published: January 2024

AbstractChloride ingress is a common issue in concrete structures that can result in reinforcement corrosion. In order to extend the lifetime of a structure, several preventive repair methodologies are available, which reduce the ingress of chlorides. In this work, the computational efficiency of the analytical model for a two‐material diffusion problem has been improved to model the effect of a mortar overlay or partial cover replacement, and is further implemented to model the influence of a coating. This enables the assessment of each repair method in a probabilistic framework using Latin hypercube samples within an acceptable timeframe. A parameter study executed in both a deterministic and probabilistic framework demonstrated the model efficiency and the importance of the timing and quality of the intervention for successful repair when applying a repair intervention in the initiation phase.
Female long‐term sperm storage results in viable offspring in the Himalayan Mountain Pitviper, Ovophis monticola
Authors: Levine Brenna A. , Moresco Anneke , Trout Tim , Schuett Gordon W. , Booth Warren 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe ability of females to store sperm for extended periods in their reproductive tracts (termed long‐term sperm storage, LTSS) has been reported across a diversity of vertebrate taxa. The evolutionary, ecological, and physiological significance of LTSS is wide‐ranging and includes the ability to produce offspring when mates may be temporally scarce by way of decoupling copulation from ovulation, inbreeding avoidance, and the generation and maintenance of genetic diversity in progeny. Among vertebrate lineages, nonavian reptiles exhibit a remarkable capacity for LTSS, with the production of viable offspring reported after periods exceeding 6 years since prior contact with a potential mate. Given that female reptiles are able to store viable sperm for prolonged periods, it is important to disentangle LTSS from that of facultative parthenogenesis (FP), a reproductive trait which appears widespread among all reptile lineages. The implications of this distinction are particularly important in the context of the development and management of captive breeding programs. To accurately determine between the two reproductive strategies, genomic screening is highly recommended. Following a period of isolation for 13 months from a potential male mate, a female Himalayan Mountain Pitviper (Ovophis monticola) produced a clutch of three male offspring. Here, through genome‐scale analyses of the female and her progeny, we document the first record of LTSS in this genus and exclude FP as the alternative hypothesis.
New lower bounds on scattering amplitudes: non-locality constraints
Authors: Buoninfante Luca , Tokuda Junsei , Yamaguchi Masahide 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Under reasonable working assumptions including the polynomial boundedness, one proves the well-known Cerulus-Martin lower bound on how fast an elastic scattering amplitude can decrease in the hard-scattering regime. In this paper we consider two non-trivial extensions of the previous bound. (i) We generalize the assumption of polynomial boundedness by allowing amplitudes to exponentially grow for some complex momenta and prove a more general lower bound in the hard-scattering regime. (ii) We prove a new lower bound on elastic scattering amplitudes in the Regge regime, in both cases of polynomial and exponential boundedness. A bound on the Regge trajectory for negative momentum transfer squared is also derived. We discuss the relevance of our results for understanding gravitational scattering at the non-perturbative level and for constraining ultraviolet completions. In particular, we use the new bounds as probes of non-locality in black-hole formation, perturbative string theory, classicalization, Galileons, and infinite-derivative field theories, where both the polynomial boundedness and the Cerulus-Martin bound are violated.
Exotic spin-dependent interactions through unparticle exchange
Authors: Wu L. Y. , Zhang K. Y. , Yan H. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The potential discovery of unparticles could have far-reaching implications for particle physics and cosmology. For over a decade, high-energy physicists have extensively studied the effects of unparticles. In this study, we derive six types of nonrelativistic potentials between fermions induced by unparticle exchange in coordinate space. We consider all possible combinations of scalar, pseudo-scalar, vector, and axial-vector couplings to explore the full range of possibilities. Previous studies have only examined scalar-scalar (SS), pseudoscalar-pseudoscalar (PP), vector-vector (VV), and axial-axial-vector (AA) type interactions, which are all parity even. We propose SP and VA interactions to extend our understanding of unparticle physics, noting that parity conservation is not always guaranteed in modern physics. We explore the possibilities of detecting unparticles through the long-range interactions they may mediate with ordinary matter. Dedicated experiments using precision measurement methods can be employed to search for such interactions. We discuss the properties of these potentials and estimate constraints on their coupling constants based on existing experimental data. Our findings indicate that for some particular values of the scaling dimension $$ {d}_{\mathcal{U}} $$

d
U

, the coupling between scalar or vector unparticles and fermions is constrained by several orders of magnitude more tightly than the previous limits. The underlying reason for this improvement is analyzed. Limits are also set on the newly proposed SP and VA interactions for continuous $$ {d}_{\mathcal{U}} $$

d
U

values, allowing the exploration of the $$ {d}_{\mathcal{U}} $$

d
U

dependence of the constraints. It turns out that the bounds exhibit an exponential decay trend with the increasing $$ {d}_{\mathcal{U}} $$

d
U

.
Manifestly covariant polynomial M5-brane lagrangians
Authors: Bansal Sukṛti 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We present polynomial and manifestly covariant M5-brane Lagrangians along with their analyses involving their dynamics, gauge symmetries and their nonlinear self-duality condition. Such Lagrangians can be particularly useful for developments that are otherwise hindered by a non-polynomial structure and singularity of the Lagrangian such as its quantisation. Although on integrating out some of the auxiliary fields these polynomial Lagrangians reduce to the M5-brane Lagrangian given by the Pasti-Sorokin-Tonin (PST) formalism, in the analysis of the polynomial Lagrangians the only remnant of the non-polynomial structure of the PST type Lagrangian appears in the gauge transformation corresponding to an infinitesimal shift of a Stückelberg field. This transformation does not affect the dynamics or the on-shell self-duality condition of the polynomial M5-brane Lagrangians.
Ultraviolet running constraints on low mass dark sectors
Authors: Reilly Aidan , Toro Natalia 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We analyze the UV breakdown of Sub-GeV dark matter models that live in a new, dark U(1) sector. Many of these models include a scalar field, which is either the dark matter itself or a dark Higgs field that generates mass terms for the dark matter particle via spontaneous symmetry breaking. A quartic self coupling of this scalar field is generically allowed, and we show that its running is largely governed by the strength of the U(1) gauge field, αD. Furthermore, it consistently has a lower Landau pole than the gauge coupling. Link fields, which couple to both the dark sector and the Standard Model (SM), connect these Landau poles to constraints on SM charged particles. Current LHC constraints on link fields are compatible with αD ≲ 0.5 − 1 for most of the mass range in most models, while smaller values, αD ≲ 0.15, are favored for Majorana DM.
Holographic entanglement distillation from the surface state correspondence
Authors: Bao Ning , Süer Gün 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We study correlations between geometric subfactors living on the Ryu-Takayanagi surface that bounds the entanglement wedge. Using the surface-state correspondence and the bit threads program, we are able to calculate mutual information and conditional mutual information between subfactors. This enables us to count the shared Bell pairs between subfactors, and we propose an entanglement distillation procedure over these subsystems via a SWAP gate protocol. We comment on extending to multipartite entanglement.
Classical statistical simulation of quantum field theory
Authors: Hirayama Takayuki 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We propose a procedure of computing the n-point function in perturbation theory of the quantum field theory as the average over the complex Gaussian noises in a classical theory. The complex Gaussian noises are the sources for the creation and annihilation of particles and the energy of the resultant configuration is the same as the zero point energy of the corresponding quantum field theory.
Modified supersymmetric indices in AdS3/CFT2
Authors: Ardehali Arash Arabi , Krishna Hare 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We consider the 𝒩 = (2, 2) AdS3/CFT2 dualities proposed by Eberhardt, where the bulk geometry is AdS3 × (S3 × T4)/ℤk, and the CFT is a deformation of the symmetric orbifold of the supersymmetric sigma model T4/ℤk (with k = 2, 3, 4, 6). The elliptic genera of the two sides vanish due to fermionic zero modes, so for microstate counting applications one must consider modified supersymmetric indices. In an analysis similar to that of Maldacena, Moore, and Strominger for the standard 𝒩 = (4, 4) case of T4, we study the appropriate helicity-trace index of the boundary CFTs. We encounter a strange phenomenon where a saddle-point analysis of our indices reproduces only a fraction (respectively $$ \frac{1}{2} $$

1
2

, $$ \frac{2}{3} $$

2
3

, $$ \frac{3}{4} $$

3
4

, $$ \frac{5}{6} $$

5
6

) of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of the associated macroscopic black branes.
The socio-aesthetic construction of meaning in digitally mediated environments: a digital sensemaking approach
Authors: Brill Daniela , Schnugg Claudia , Stary Christian 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Sensemaking has recently been identified as a driver of society developments, in particular in the context of designing a reasonable, valuable, and fair life. Since the construction of meaning is a crucial momentum in sensemaking processes, the authors investigate how meaning can be constructed in a sustaining form by utilizing digital means of expression, articulation, sharing of information, and creation of artscience artefacts. The authors report on results of exploring cyber-physical-systems with performative methodologies in the context of sensemaking to identify sensemaking processes of entering digital environments and share meaning-making activities through interaction. The collected data from two artscience studies reveal that activities beyond cognition facilitate sensemaking. Aesthetics and embodiment in performing actions are understood to play a role in sensemaking and subsequently effect on the construction of meaning. To investigate the role of the body and aesthetics in sensemaking in digital environments, we were particularly interested in sensemaking through embodied agency and aesthetic awareness, drawing from kinesthetic awareness of performance artists. In the performative activities digital behavior recognition and human task behavior were coupled, on the one hand by performers exploring digital environments actively reflecting on their performative process, on the other hand by a performance artist and choreographer creating performative experiences for audiences. It has been demonstrated in cyber-physical settings and can be utilized in upcoming developments further integrating virtual and physical worlds.
Ciliate Grazing on the Bloom-Forming Microalga Gonyostomum semen
Authors: Bergman Ingrid , Lindström Eva S. , Sassenhagen Ingrid 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe freshwater raphidophyte Gonyostomum semen forms extensive summer blooms in northern European humic lakes. The development of these blooms might be facilitated by a lack of natural top-down control, as few zooplankton species are able to prey on these large algal cells (up to 100 μm) that expel trichocysts upon physical stress. In this study, we describe a small ciliate species (< 17 μm) that preys on G. semen by damaging the cell membrane until cytoplasm and organelles spill out. Sequencing of clonal cultures of the ciliate tentatively identified it as the prostomatid species Urotricha pseudofurcata. Grazing experiments illustrated that feeding by U. cf. pseudofurcata can significantly reduce cell concentrations of the microalga. However, differences in cell size and growth rate between two investigated ciliate strains resulted in noticeably different grazing pressure. Environmental sequencing data from five different lakes supported potential interactions between the two species. Urotricha cf. pseudofurcata might, thus, play an important role in aquatic ecosystems that are regularly dominated by G. semen, reducing the abundance of this bloom-forming microalga and enabling transfer of organic carbon to higher trophic levels.
Leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor-1 blockade in combination with programmed death-ligand 1 targeting therapy mediates increased tumour control in mice
Authors: Singh Akashdip , Mommers-Elshof Eline T. A. M. , Vijver Saskia V. , Jansen J. H. Marco , Gonder Susanne , Lebbink Robert Jan , Bihan Dominique , Farndale Richard W. , Boon Louis , Langermann Solomon , Leusen Jeanette H. W. , Flies Dallas , Meyaard Linde , Pascoal Ramos M. Ines 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCollagen expression and structure in the tumour microenvironment are associated with tumour development and therapy response. Leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor-1 (LAIR-1) is a widely expressed inhibitory collagen receptor. LAIR-2 is a soluble homologue of LAIR-1 that competes for collagen binding. Multiple studies in mice implicate blockade of LAIR-1:collagen interaction in cancer as a promising therapeutic strategy. Here, we investigated the role of LAIR-1 in anti-tumour responses. We show that although LAIR-1 inhibits activation, proliferation, and cytokine production of mouse T cells in vitro, tumour outgrowth in LAIR-1-deficient mice did not differ from wild type mice in several in vivo tumour models. Furthermore, treatment with NC410, a LAIR-2-Fc fusion protein, did not result in increased tumour clearance in tested immunocompetent mice, which contrasts with previous data in humanized mouse models. This discrepancy may be explained by our finding that NC410 blocks human LAIR-1:collagen interaction more effectively than mouse LAIR-1:collagen interaction. Despite the lack of therapeutic impact of NC410 monotherapy, mice treated with a combination of NC410 and anti-programmed death-ligand 1 did show reduced tumour burden and increased survival. Using LAIR-1-deficient mice, we showed that this effect seemed to be dependent on the presence of LAIR-1. Taken together, our data demonstrate that the absence of LAIR-1 signalling alone is not sufficient to control tumour growth in multiple immunocompetent mouse models. However, combined targeting of LAIR-1 and PD-L1 results in increased tumour control. Thus, additional targeting of the LAIR-1:collagen pathway with NC410 is a promising approach to treating tumours where conventional immunotherapy is ineffective.
Common Features of Environmental Mycobacterium chelonae from Colorado Using Partial and Whole Genomic Sequence Analyses
Authors: Glauser Kayden G. , Kelley Reagan E. , Leonard William J. , Hendrix Jo , Petri Suzanne , Tong Eric I. , Chan Yvonne L. , Lipner Ettie M. , Dawrs Stephanie N. , Honda Jennifer R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmentally acquired opportunistic pathogens that cause chronic lung disease in susceptible individuals. While presumed to be ubiquitous in built and natural environments, NTM environmental studies are limited. While environmental sampling campaigns have been performed in geographic areas of high NTM disease burden, NTM species diversity is less defined among areas of lower disease burden like Colorado. In Colorado, metals such as molybdenum have been correlated with increased risk for NTM infection, yet environmental NTM species diversity has not yet been widely studied. Based on prior regression modeling, three areas of predicted high, moderate, and low NTM risk were identified for environmental sampling in Colorado. Ice, plumbing biofilms, and sink tap water samples were collected from publicly accessible freshwater sources. All samples were microbiologically cultured and NTM were identified using partial rpoB gene sequencing. From these samples, areas of moderate risk were more likely to be NTM positive. NTM recovery from ice was more common than recovery from plumbing biofilms or tap water. Overall, nine different NTM species were identified, including clinically important Mycobacterium chelonae. MinION technology was used to whole genome sequence and compare mutational differences between six M. chelonae genomes, representing three environmental isolates from this study and three other M. chelonae isolates from other sources. Drug resistance genes and prophages were common findings among environmentally derived M. chelonae, promoting the need for expanded environmental sampling campaigns to improve our current understanding of NTM species abundance while opening new avenues for improved targeted drug therapies.
Can the mucosal attacks of Behçet’s disease be predicted?
Authors: Kartal Selda Pelin , Taş-Aygar Gamze , Erdem Ümmü Gül , Yalçındağ Ali , Gönül Müzeyyen 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to investigate the association between disease activity and serum and salivary procalcitonin (Pct) levels in patients with Behçet’s disease (BD). The study included patients diagnosed with BD and age-matched healthy volunteers (N: 48, N: 32). Serum and salivary Pct levels were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the laboratories of Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital. No significant disparity was observed in serum and salivary Pct levels between the patient and control groups (p > 0.05). Furthermore, there was no noteworthy correlation between disease activity and serum and salivary Pct values (p > 0.05). However, the serum Pct level in patients with active oral ulcers was significantly elevated compared to those without active oral ulcers (p: 0.003). Serum Pct emerges as a valuable marker for monitoring oral aphthous ulcer attacks within the patient population.
Motor imagery, forward models and the cerebellum: a commentary on Rieger et al., 2023
Authors: Miall R. C. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this commentary on Rieger et al., Psychological Research Psychologische Forschung, 2023, I discuss possible ways to test the hypothesis that action imagery is achieved by simulations of actions through an internal forward model. These include brain imaging, perturbation through TMS, and psychophysical tests of adaptation of intended reach actions.
2D Phase-Field Modelling of Hydraulic Fracturing Affected by Cemented Natural Fractures Embedded in Saturated Poroelastic Rocks
Authors: Sarmadi Nima , Mousavi Nezhad Mohaddeseh , Fisher Quentin J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe interaction between a propagating hydraulic fracture (HF) and a pre-existing natural fracture (NF) embedded in saturated poroelastic rock formations is studied numerically in 2D plane–strain configurations. In this study, the phase-field method is further developed to be employed for modelling the HF propagation and the evolution of tensile and shear failure in geo-materials as gradient-type diffusive damaged zones. The shear slippage and dilation mechanisms inside the cemented NF are modelled using a Mohr–Coulomb–Griffith failure criterion that fitted in the framework of the phase-field fracture using appropriate energy functionals. The most important factors controlling the HF–NF interaction outcome are the approaching angle, differential in-situ stress, and hydro-mechanical characteristics of the NF. It is found out that higher tensile and shear strengths of the cemented NF are in favour of the crossing outcome when the differential stress is high enough to mobilise the resisting shear stresses against the slippage. Small hydraulic aperture (low hydraulic conductivity) for the NF is also in favour of the crossing outcome which helps to restrict the pressurised region local to the HF tip, lowering the possibility of shear slippage in the NF and the HF’s diversion. It is also concluded that the injection rate and the viscosity of fracturing fluid are operative factors to be adjusted for increasing the chance of crossing, a critical element for successful operation of hydraulic fracturing for effective use of subsurface energy resources.
Salivary metabolomics in patients with oral lichen planus: a preliminary study based on NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Kashyap Bina , Hyvärinen Eelis , Laitinen Igor , Kullaa Arja M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Objectives
The present preliminary study aimed to investigate the salivary metabolic profile in patients with asymptomatic oral lichen planus (OLP) using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.

Material and methods
Stimulated whole mouth saliva (SWMS) samples were collected from 15 reticular OLP female patients and 15 from age- and sex-matched controls (HCs). A total of 23 metabolites were identified and quantified. Mann–Whitney’s U test was used to compare the determined concentration salivary metabolite concentrations between OLP patients and the healthy controls.

Results
The concentration of acetate, methylamine, and pyruvate was elevated, whereas the concentration of tyrosine was decreased in the saliva of OLP patients compared with HCs. To identify a combination of metabolites, multivariate discrimination function analysis (DFA) was conducted. DFA analysis have shown that the most powerful discrimination between the groups was achieved when methylamine and tyrosine were considered as combined biomarkers.

Conclusions
Salivary tyrosine was of particular interest and a promising finding for the screening of OLP and its progression. Further longitudinal studies are required to establish it as a reliable salivary biomarker in OLP.

Clinical relevance
The salivary metabolic profiling can describe the pathologic characteristics of OLP on non-invasive saliva samples and NMR analysis. Salivary metabolites provide details to considered early detectors and to impact oral health of OLP patients.