bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Hippo pathway activity underlies mesenchymal differentiation during lung alveolar morphogenesis
Authors: Chaudhry Fatima N. , Michki Nigel S. , Shirmer Dain L. , Mcgrath-Morrow Sharon , Young Lisa R. , Frank David B. , Zepp Jarod A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAlveologenesis, the final stage in lung development, substantially remodels the distal lung, expanding the alveolar surface area for efficient gas exchange. Secondary crest myofibroblasts (SCMF) exist transiently in the neonatal distal lung and are critical for alveologenesis. However, the pathways that regulate SCMF function, proliferation, and temporal identity remain poorly understood. To address this, we purified SCMFs from reporter mice, performed bulk RNA-sequencing, and found dynamic changes in Hippo-signaling components during alveologenesis. We deleted Hippo effectors, Yap/Taz, from Acta2-expressing SCMFs at the onset of alveologenesis, causing a significant arrest in alveolar development. Using scRNA-seq, we identified a distinct cluster of cells in mutant lungs with altered expression of marker genes associated with proximal mesenchymal cell types, airway smooth muscle (ASM), and alveolar duct myofibroblasts (DMF). Using lineage tracing, we show that neonatal Acta2-expressing SCMFs give rise to adult DMFs and that Yap/Taz mutants have an increase of persisting DMF-like cells in the alveolar ducts. Our findings identify plasticity in neonatal lung myofibroblasts and demonstrate that Yap/Taz are critical for maintaining lineage commitment along the proximal-distal axis.
Microglial depletion worsens lesion in female but not male C57BL/6J mice after P10 hypoxia-ischemia
Authors: Guez-Barber Danielle , Nicolayevsky Sofia E. , Johnson Kaya J.D. , Yun Sanghee , Eisch Amelia J. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundRodent models for perinatal hypoxic ischemic (HI) encephalopathy have reported sex differences such as the same injury causing larger lesions in the brains of males compared to females. Microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain that have sex-dependent developmental trajectories and gene expression patterns, likely play a different role in females and males following HI. However, there is conflicting literature on whether depletion of microglia worsens or improves HI-induced lesions and whether this differs by sex. Here we tested the effect of pharmacologic microglia depletion on HI lesion size in male and female mice.MethodsAn initial cohort of C57BL/6J mouse pups underwent HI at postnatal day 10 (P10) using a modified Vannucci procedure or a Sham insult followed by brain collection at P13. Another cohort of mice received daily intraperitoneal injections from P7 to P12 of either 25mg/kg PLX3397 (PLX, a CSF1R inhibitor) or vehicle (Veh). These mice also underwent HI or Sham at P10, resulting in four groups (Veh-Sham, Veh-HI, PLX-Sham, PLX-HI). All groups included female and male mice. Behavioral testing was performed both pre-HI (forelimb grasping [P8, P9]) and post-HI (open field traversal [P12], behavior and appearance observations [P13]). P13 brain sections underwent immunohistochemistry for Iba1 or cresyl violet staining for lesion scoring.ResultsP13 HI hippocampal sections had more Iba1 signal than Sham, with more variance in Male-HI vs Female-HI mice. PLX led to >95% depletion of Iba1+ cells at P10 or P13, and effective elimination of microglia did not differ by sex. In the hippocampus, Female-PLX-HI mice had worse lesion scores than Female-Veh-HI mice; this was not true in male mice, where there was a trend in the opposite direction. Female-PLX-HI mice also had worse lesion scores than Male-PLX-HI mice. In contrast to this sex-dependent effect of PLX on lesion score, there was no difference among groups in developmental milestones.ConclusionPLX3397 injection P7-P9 or P7-P12 effectively depletes microglia by P10 or P13, respectively. Microglial depletion via PLX worsens HI-induced injury in female mice but not in male mice.
Aging Differentially Alters the Transcriptome and Landscape of Chromatin Accessibility in the Male and Female Mouse Hippocampus
Authors: Achiro Jennifer M. , Tao Yang , Gao Fuying , Lin Chia-Ho , Watanabe Marika , Neumann Sylvia , Coppola Giovanni , Black Douglas L. , Martin Kelsey C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAging-related memory impairment and pathological memory disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease differ between males and females, and yet little is known about how aging-related changes in the transcriptome and chromatin environment differ between sexes in the hippocampus. To investigate this question, we compared the chromatin accessibility landscape and gene expression/alternative splicing pattern of young adult and aged mouse hippocampus in both males and females using ATAC-seq and RNA-seq. We detected significant aging-dependent changes in the expression of genes involved in immune response and synaptic function, and aging-dependent changes in the alternative splicing of myelin sheath genes. We found significant sex-bias in the expression and alternative splicing of hundreds of genes, including aging-dependent female-biased expression of myelin sheath genes and aging-dependent male-biased expression of genes involved in synaptic function. Aging was associated with increased chromatin accessibility in both male and female hippocampus, especially in repetitive elements, and with an increase in LINE-1 transcription. We detected significant sex-bias in chromatin accessibility in both autosomes and the X chromosome, with male-biased accessibility enriched at promoters and CpG-rich regions. Sex differences in gene expression and chromatin accessibility were amplified with aging, findings that may shed light on sex differences in aging-related and pathological memory loss.HighlightsAging amplifies sex differences in the transcriptome and chromatin accessibility of mouse hippocampusAging is associated with widespread changes in the transcriptome of mouse hippocampus, including in genes involved in immune response and synaptic functionMyelin sheath-related genes in aged hippocampus show female-biased expressionAlternative splicing of myelin sheath-related genes changes with aging in the hippocampusSex-bias is evident in alternative splicing of nuclear and primary cilia genesAging in the hippocampus is associated with increased chromatin accessibility in both males and femalesLINE-1 derived sequences are more accessible and LINE-1 transcripts are upregulated in the aged hippocampus of both males and femalesPromoter and CpG-rich regions show male-biased accessibility
Analysis of a shark reveals ancient, Wnt dependent, habenular asymmetries in jawed vertebrates
Authors: Lanoizelet Maxence , Michel Léo , Lagadec Ronan , Mayeur Hélène , Guichard Lucile , Logeux Valentin , Séverac Dany , Martin Kyle , Klopp Christophe , Marcellini Sylvain , Castillo Hector , Pollet Nicolas , Candal Eva , Debiais-Thibaud Mélanie , Boisvert Catherine , Billoud Bernard , Schubert Michael , Blader Patrick , Mazan Sylvie 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTThe origin of left-right asymmetries in the vertebrate habenula remains largely unknown. Using a transcriptomic approach, we show that in a cartilaginous fish, the catsharkScyliorhinus canicula, habenulae exhibit marked asymmetries both in their medial and their lateral component. Comparisons across gnathostomes suggest that asymmetries in the catshark lateral habenulae reflect an ancestral gnathostome trait, independently lost in tetrapods and neopterygians. Analysis of the mechanisms underlying their formation highlights an essential role of Wnt signaling. Wnt activity is submitted to a dynamic, asymmetric regulation during habenula development, with a Nodal dependent left repression at a stage when precursors for lateral habenulae have exited cell cycles. Pharmacological treatments during this time window reveal that Wnt signaling promotes lateral right neuronal identities in the right lateral habenula, while its repression by Nodal in the left one promotes lateral left neuronal identities. Based on comparisons with the zebrafish and the mouse, we propose that habenular asymmetry formation and diversification in gnathostomes involve the same developmental logic, relying on a conserved temporal regulation of neurogenesis, shaping neuronal identities on both sides, and its modification by a dynamic Wnt activity, right-restricted in the ancestral state and prone to variations in time and space during evolution.
3D RNA profile of habenulae in the catsharkScyliorhinus canicula: a reference in jawed vertebrates
Authors: Michel L. , Mayeur H. , Quillien A , Heier N. , Clairet J. , Dejean S. , Blader P. , Lagadec R. , Mazan S. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTWe report the generation of a spatially resolved RNA profile of the habenulae in a chondrichthyan, the catsharkScyliorhinus canicula. The digital profiles obtained for candidate markers of the broad territories previously characterized in this species reflect their broad characteristics, including left- or right asymmetric distributions. We use spatial autocorrelation and autocorrelation as measures to analyze these data and identify novel territory markers. These analyses lead to a refined molecular characterization of catshark habenulae and lead to extended lists of markers for the major territories previously identified. They confirm the marked asymmetry of the catshark habenulae, both in its lateral and medial components. In addition, they highlight a bilateral lateral to medial organization in radial bands, which may reflect a temporal regulation of neurogenesis. These data lead to a novel reference to explore the lmode of evolution of habenulae and of their asymmetries across gnathostomes.
KatG catalase deficiency confers bedaquiline hyper-susceptibility to isoniazid resistantMycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Ofori-Anyinam N , Hamblin M , Coldren ML , Li B , Mereddy G , Shaikh M , Shah A , Ranu N , Lu S , Blainey PC , Ma S , Collins JJ , Yang JH 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTMultidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a growing source of global mortality and threatens global control of tuberculosis (TB) disease. The diarylquinoline bedaquiline (BDQ) recently emerged as a highly efficacious drug against MDR-TB, defined as resistance to the first-line drugs isoniazid (INH) and rifampin. INH resistance is primarily caused by loss-of-function mutations in the catalase KatG, but mechanisms underlying BDQ’s efficacy against MDR-TB remain unknown. Here we employ a systems biology approach to investigate BDQ hyper-susceptibility in INH-resistantMycobacterium tuberculosis. We found hyper-susceptibility to BDQ in INH-resistant cells is due to several physiological changes induced by KatG deficiency, including increased susceptibility to reactive oxygen species and DNA damage, remodeling of transcriptional programs, and metabolic repression of folate biosynthesis. We demonstrate BDQ hyper-susceptibility is common in INH-resistant clinical isolates. Collectively, these results highlight how altered bacterial physiology can impact drug efficacy in drug-resistant bacteria.
Allosteric regulation of a molecular motor throughde novoprotein design
Authors: Cross Jessica A. , Dawson William M. , Shukla Shivam R. , Weijman Johannes F. , Mantell Judith , Dodding Mark P. , Woolfson Derek N. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMany enzymes are allosterically regulated. Our ability to manipulate these structural changes is limited. Here we install an allosteric switch into the kinesin-1 microtubule motorin vitroand in cells. Kinesin-1 is a heterotetramer that accesses open active and closed auto-inhibited states. The equilibrium between these centres on a flexible elbow within a complex coiled-coil architecture. We target the elbow to engineer a closed state that can be opened with ade novodesigned peptide. The alternative states are modelled computationally and confirmed by biophysical measurements and electron microscopy. In cells, peptide-driven activation increases kinesin transport, demonstrating a primary role for conformational switching in regulating motor activity. The designs are enabled by our understanding of ubiquitous coiled-coil structures, opening possibilities for controlling other protein activities.One Sentence SummaryDe novopeptide and protein design are used to engineer an allosteric switch into kinesin-1 motorsin vitroand directly in cells.
A topological perspective on the dual nature of the neural state space and the correlation structure
Authors: Vaupel Melvin , Hermansen Erik , Dunn Benjamin A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWhen analysing neural activity, one often studies either the neural correlations or the state space of population vectors. However, the reason for choosing one over the other is seldom discussed. Here, with methods from the mathematical field of topology, we compare these approaches and propose using both for unsupervised inference of neural representations. If the recorded neurons have convex receptive fields on a single covariate space, there is a duality between the topological signatures derived from correlations on the one hand and population vectors on the other hand. However, in the presence of multiple neural modules with non convex receptive fields, this duality breaks down. We explain how to leverage complementary information derived from both approaches to sucessfully characterize the represented covariate spaces directly from the data also under these challenging circumstances. Furthermore, we prove appropriate reconstruction results and showcase applications to multiple neural datasets from various brain regions and diverse neural modules.
Cementing a place in Africa: PPC’s internationalisation drive
Authors: Macleod Ian , Saville Adrian David , Onaji-Benson Theresa 
Published: October 2023

Learning outcomes
The study enables students to critique the internationalisation strategy of an African business including elements of macroeconomic analysis, company fit with jurisdictions, non-market strategies and mode of entry.

Case overview/synopsis
Roland van Wijnen was the chief executive officer of Pretoria Portland Cement Company Limited (PPC), a 130-year-old cement maker based in South Africa. He joined after the business had embarked on an international expansion strategy that had taken the business to countries of Rwanda, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Ethiopia in a matter of years. This expansion caused the deflation of the Johannesburg-listed company’s share price. The company failed to appreciate a number of success factors in each jurisdiction. The challenges included cultural misalignments, macroeconomic analysis and mode of market entry. The case dilemma involved the choices that van Wijnen faced in re-evaluating the international footprint of the business.

Complexity academic level
Undergraduate or postgraduate level.

Supplementary material
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 5: International business.
Information systems success in libraries: a meta-analysis of ISSM and future direction
Authors: Ali Irfan , Warraich Nosheen Fatima 
Published: October 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between the information system success model constructs including information quality (IQ), system quality (SysQ) and service quality (ServQ) with user satisfaction (US) and intention to use (IU).

Design/methodology/approach
A meta-analysis approach was used to achieve the objectives. For this purpose, the PRISMA-P guideline was used, and a search strategy was designed to search in three indexing databases including Google Scholar, Scopus and LISTA.

Findings
The findings of this research revealed that IQ, SysQ and ServQ are positively related to US and IU regarding library systems. The strength of the relationship between IQ and IU, IQ and US, ServQ and US and SysQ and US was high.

Originality/value
This study is a unique addition to the literature, as it provides a collective and comprehensive conclusion regarding different information systems’ (ISs) success in libraries. Therefore, it fills the literature gap. The findings also work as guidelines for system developers, designers and library high-ups to consider IQ, SysQ and ServQ while designing and developing ISs for libraries.
Mini-channel embedded film cooled flat plate: conjugate heat transfer analysis and enhancement study
Authors: Jaiswal Ajay Kumar , Sinha Mahapatra Pallab 
Published: October 2023

Purpose
Maintaining the turbine blade’s temperature within the safety limit is challenging in high-pressure turbines. This paper aims to numerically present the conjugate heat transfer analysis of a novel approach to mini-channel embedded film-cooled flat plate.

Design/methodology/approach
Numerical simulations were performed at a steady state using SST k – ω turbulence model. Impingement and film cooling are classical approaches generally adopted for turbine blade analysis. The existing film cooling techniques were compared with the proposed design, where a mini-channel was constructed inside the solid plate. The impact of the blowing ratio (M), Biot number (Bi) and temperature ratio (TR) on overall cooling performance was also studied.

Findings
Overall cooling effectiveness was always shown to be higher for mini-channel embedded film-cooled plates. The effectiveness increases with increasing the blowing ratio from M = 0.3 to 0.7, then decreases with increasing blowing ratio (M = 1 and 1.4) due to lift-off conditions. The mini-channel embedded plate resulted in an approximately 21% increase in area-weighted average overall effectiveness at a blowing ratio of 0.7 and Bi = 1.605. The lower uniform temperature was also found for all blowing ratios at a low Biot number, where conduction heat transfer significantly impacts total cooling effectiveness.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study presents a novel approach to improve the cooling performances of a film-cooled flat plate with better cooling uniformity by using embedded mini-channels. Despite the widespread application of microchannels and mini-channels in thermal and fluid flow analysis, the application of mini-channels for blade cooling is not explored in detail.
Understanding householders’ perceptions of threats following the 2019/2020 Black Summer bushfires in Australia
Authors: Adedokun Olufisayo , Egbelakin Temitope 
Published: October 2023

Purpose
Of all the deaths associated with disasters, bushfires account for 40% of these fatalities. The resulting fatalities are consequent upon householders’ decision-making, leading to late or non-evacuation from at-risk communities. However, while decision-making is a function of risk perception, this paper aims to investigate householders’ perceptions of bushfire risks following the catastrophic Black Summer bushfires of 2019/2020.

Design/methodology/approach
An inductive research approach was adopted. Thirty semi-structured interviews were conducted to elicit qualitative data from southeastern NSW, Australia householders. The data were collected via face-to-face and online Zoom. Each interview was recorded, transcribed using Otter.AI and thematically analyzed with NVivo 12 Pro (Braun and Clarke, 2006, 2019). In addition, inter-rater reliability was done by engaging an independent researcher to code the de-identified data independently. The codes were cross-checked for reliability and adjusted where necessary.

Findings
It was found that bushfire risk perceptions were high among the householders in bushfire at-risk communities following the 2019/2020 Black Summer bushfires. High levels of perceptions were recorded among the participants regarding the likelihood of bushfire occurrence, concern for bushfires, severity of bushfires and vulnerability to bushfire threats.

Research limitations/implications
The study’s results do not reflect all householders in the southeastern part of NSW. It was limited to 30 householders who indicated their intentions to participate and are living in the study area. Therefore, future studies should be undertaken with more participants from broader geographical areas, including emergency responders like firefighters, recovery officers and non-government organizations in charge of recovery operations. This study will add to the prioritization of risk perceptions.

Practical implications
All else being equal, elevated bushfire risk perceptions among participants can potentially decrease the fatalities linked with bushfires and their subsequent ripple effects. This holds particularly true when residents opt for early self-evacuation from at-risk communities.

Social implications
The paper contributes to developing a better understanding of the bushfire risk perceptions underlying the evacuation decision-making of the residents in bushfire at-risk communities in south-eastern NSW of Australia.

Originality/value
The paper contributes to the existing knowledge on bushfire risks by providing insights into residents’ perceptions after the catastrophic 2019/2020 Black Summer bushfires. As a qualitative study, it describes bushfire risk perceptions on four themes: likelihood, concern, severity and vulnerability, which is uncommon in many bushfire studies.