bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glucosamine and Galactosamine in Terrestrial Organic Matter and Their Correlation with Other Biochemical Indicators
Authors: Takano Yoshinori , Gupta Lallan P , Kawahata Hodaka , Marumo Katsumi , Ishikawa Yoji , Kobayashi Kensei 
Published: April 2004

Abstract
Core samples of sediments at depths of 0–300 cm at Rikubetsu, Hokkaido, Japan were analyzed for hexosamine (HA) of glucosamine (Gluam) and galactosamine (Galam). The Gluam and Galam contents were highest at the surface, and drastically decreased with increasing depth: the Gluam and Galam contents were 7.98 and 3.19 μmol/g at a depth of 0–5 cm, respectively. Highly positive correlations for Gluam and Galam versus the microbial cell density, total organic carbon, and total hydrolyzed amino acids were observed. The present results suggest that an exponential degradation for amino compounds on the early stage of diagenesis had occurred, and then the amino compounds decreased asymptotically with time. The degradation rate of amino sugars was slower than that of amino acids in the terrestrial diagenetic pathway. The present study shows the vertical distribution of amino sugars with the trends of other biochemical indicators.
Strong Interaction between Carbonyl and Dioxolene Ligands Caused by Charge Distribution of Ruthenium–Dioxolene Frameworks of Mono- and Dicarbonylruthenium Complexes
Authors: Wada Tohru , Fujihara Tetsuaki , Tomori Mizuno , Ooyama Dai , Tanaka Koji 
Published: April 2004

Abstract
Monocarbonylruthenium complexes with a semiquinone ligand, ([Ru(CO)(sq)(L)]n+ (sq = 3,5-di-tert-butyl-1,2-benzosemiquinone, n = 1 or 0, L = 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine ([1]+), 2,6-bis(N,N-dimethylaminomethyl)pyridine ([2]+), 2,6-di-2′-pyridylphenyl ([3]0), or 2-(2,2′-bipyridin-6-yl)phenolato ([4]0)), and dicarbonylruthenium complexes with two semiquinone ligands, [Ru(CO2)2(sq)2] ([5]0) and [Ru(CO)2(phsq)2] (phsq = 9,10-phenanthrasemiquinone, [6]0), were synthesized and the structures of [1]+ and [6] were determined by X-ray crystal analysis. Monocarbonyl Ru(II)–dioxolene complexes displayed the ligand localized catecholato/semiquinone and semiquinone/quinone redox couples, and two sets of those redox couples were observed in the dicarbonyl Ru(II)–bis(dioxolene) complexes. Spectroelectrochemical study revealed that the Ru(II)–catecholato and Ru(II)–semiquinone complexes were stable in solutions, while the Ru(II)–quinone complexes underwent fragmentation in solutions. One-electron reduction of the monocarbonyl Ru(II)–semiquinone complexes caused a red shift of the ν(CO) bands in a range of 41 to 56 cm−1, which was substantially larger than those of carbonyl Ru(II)–polypyridyl complexes. Two ν(CO) bands of dicarbonyl Ru(II)–bis(semiquinone) complexes also shifted to lower wavelength in a range of 53 to 99 cm−1 upon two electron reduction of the complexes. The unusually large red shift of ν(CO) bands upon reduction of carbonyl Ru(II)–dioxolene complexes compared with those of Ru(II)–polypyridyl complex is ascribed to a strong electronic interaction between carbonyl and dioxolene ligands.
A Synthesis and Luminescence Study of Ir(ppz)3 for Organic Light-Emitting Devices
Authors: Nam Eun Jeong , Kim Jun Ho , Kim Bong-Ok , Kim Sung Min , Park No Gill , Kim Young Sik , Kim Young Kwan , Ha Yunkyoung 
Published: April 2004

Abstract
Tris(1-phenyl-κC1-pyrazolato-κN2)iridium (Ir(ppz)3) was prepared and its luminescence properties were investigated for the application to organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs). The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of Ir(ppz)3 in dichloromethane showed a peak at 437 nm at room temperature. The luminescent lifetime of an Ir(ppz)3 film doped in CBP was found to be 218 ns, which indicated that its emission is phosphorescent. OLEDs were fabricated with doped films of Ir(ppz)3 in several hosts, and the electroluminescence (EL) peak was observed at 450 nm. The luminance of OLEDs was pure blue, with the CIE coordinates of x = 0.158, y = 0.139 at 100 cd/m2, but luminous efficiencies were low since the LUMO of Ir(ppz)3 is higher than those of the hosts used.
Thermal and Photo-Responsibility of Axial Semi-Coordination Bonds in a Copper(II) Complex
Authors: Akitsu Takashiro , Einaga Yasuaki 
Published: April 2004

Abstract
The thermal and photo-responsibility of the axial semi-coordination Cu–O bonds in [Cu(en)2](ClO4)2 (1) (en = ethylenediamine) have been investigated. We discovered a new photoresponsive behavior that was attributed to photo-induced ClO4− cleavage accompanied by compression of the Cu–O bonds using the structural degree of freedom of the semi-coordination bonds.
Near Ultraviolet Absorption Arising from Lysine Residues in Close Proximity: A Probe to Monitor Protein Unfolding and Aggregation in Lysine-Rich Proteins
Authors: Homchaudhuri Lopamudra , Swaminathan Rajaram 
Published: April 2004

Abstract
There is a need for an intrinsic spectral probe to monitor key events like protein unfolding and aggregation in a rapid and unambiguous manner. Protein aggregation is an important issue, but ironically there is a dearth of simple techniques to directly detect the presence of aggregates in solution. We report here the hitherto undiscovered electronic absorption around 300–350 nm in aqueous solutions (pH 7) of human serum albumin (HA), calf thymus histone, and poly-l-lysine. The above spectra were significantly absent in controls like subtilisin carlsberg, mutant barstar, and lysozyme. The possibilities that Rayleigh scattering or impurities could account for the above spectra were checked and ruled out. Based on the analysis of available three-dimensional structures from PDB and our earlier work on the lysine amino acid, an intramolecular interaction between lysine side chains in close spatial proximity was deduced to be the origin for the above spectra. The utility of Lys–Lys interaction in detecting protein unfolding and aggregation in a lysine-rich protein like calf thymus histone using near-ultraviolet absorption is demonstrated.
Resemblance of Carbocycle Formation from Carbohydrates between Archaea and Eucarya/Eubacteria. Biosynthesis of Calditol, the Characteristic Lipid-Content Molecule in Sulfolobus acidocaldarius
Authors: Yamauchi Noriaki , Ueoka Hideyoshi , Kamada Norisuke , Murae Tatsushi 
Published: April 2004

Abstract
We investigated the biosynthesis of the unique structure of calditol, a part of the characteristic lipid molecules in the major part of thermophilic archaea, Sulfolobus sp. Deuterium-labeling experiments with deuterated glucose substrates, were carried out. The results clarified that calditol was biosynthesized from glucose with C–C bond formation between C-1 and C-5, and no loss of deuterium at C-6 of glucose was observed. Two reaction mechanisms were possible when these experimental findings, and conventional reports were considered. Among these, the course that assumes C-4 oxidation as the starting point would be preferable from the resemblance to myo-inositol biosynthesis. Furthermore, the high deuterium incorporation at C-1 of calditol from C-1 of glucose suggests that activation, such as oxidation at C-1, is not involved in the ether C–O bonding.
Photochemical Reactions of α-Bromoacetylarenes Studied by Product Analysis and Laser Flash Photolysis
Authors: Suzuki Toshiaki , Kaneko Yuji , Ikegami Masashi , Arai Tatsuo 
Published: April 2004

Abstract
The hydrogen abstraction reaction and rearrangement reaction of aroylmethyl radicals were studied by product analyses and transient absorption spectroscopies. The α-bromoacetylarenes examined in this study gave aroylmethyl radicals by C–Br bond cleavage upon photoirradiation. According to the results of the product analysis, the rearrangement reaction takes place in the aroylmethyl radicals produced on irradiation of 1-bromoacetylnaphthalene (1-BAN) and 9-bromoacetylanthracene (9-BAA). The rate constants of the rearrangement reaction resulting in an arylmethyl radical and the hydrogen abstraction reaction resulting in an acetylarene for aroylmethyl radicals were estimated based on the results of laser flash photolysis and product analysis.
The Synthesis and Photo-Induced Deprotection Reaction of Calix[4]resorcinarene Derivatives Containing t-Butyl Ester Moieties
Authors: Kudo Hiroto , Mitani Kouji , Nishikubo Tadatomi , Mitsuishi Masaya , Miyashita Tokuji 
Published: April 2004

Abstract
The syntheses and photoinduced deprotection reactions of calix[4]resorcinarene derivatives with pendant t-butyl ester moieties were examined. Calix[4]resorcinarenes, 1a–1h, were prepared by the condensation reaction of resorcinol with certain aldehydes in the presence of hydrochloric acid as a catalyst in ethanol at 80 °C for 30 min in good yields. The substitution reaction of 1a–1h with t-butyl bromoacetate using cesium carbonate as a base and tetrabutylammmonium bromide (TBAB) as a phase transfer catalyst was performed to afford the corresponding calix[4]resorcinarene derivatives, 2a–2h with pendant t-butyl ester groups. It was found that 2a, 2e, 2f, 2g, and 2h had film forming properties. The photo-induced deprotection reaction of calixarene derivatives 2a, 2e, 2f, 2g, and 2h was examined in the presence of bis-[4-(diphenylsulfonio)phenyl] sulfide (DPSP) as a photoacid generator in the film state upon UV irradiation for 5 min followed by heating at 170 °C. It was found that the deprotection reaction of the t-butyl ester groups of 2a, 2e, 2f, 2g, and 2h proceeded smoothly to produce the corresponding calixarene derivatives, 3a, 3e, 3f, 3g, and 3h with carboxylic acid groups, quantitatively.
On Measuring Supplier Performance Under Vendor-Managed-Inventory Programs in Capacitated Supply Chains
Authors: Choi Ki-Seok , Dai J. G. , Song Jing-Sheng 
Published: April 2004

As widely accepted performance measures in supply chain management practice, frequency-based service levels such as fill rate and stockout rate are often considered in supply contracts under vendor-managed-inventory (VMI) programs. Using a decentralized two-party capacitated supply chain model consisting of one manufacturer and one supplier in a VMI environment, we demonstrate that supplier's service level is in general insufficient for the manufacturer to warrant the desired service level at the customer end. The method by which the supplier achieves her service level to the manufacturer also affects customer service level. By developing bounds on the customer service level, we show that the expected backorders at the supplier should also be taken into account. We suggest a supply contract that offers a menu of different combinations of supplier's service level and expected backorders according to a linear function. Under this contract, the manufacturer can control the end customer service regardless of how the supplier manages her inventory. The supplier has complete flexibility on which combination of the two quantities on the menu to choose according to her own cost functions. Because it does not require any detailed information on supplier's operational characteristics nor her costs, this kind of contract is expected to be easily implementable. In addition, we derive an estimate of the customer service level in terms of the new measures. Our findings have direct implications to supply chain metrics in general: The local service levels are insufficient measures to guarantee the system wide performance. Alternative local measures and/or coordination mechanisms should be employed to achieve desired system performance. Our analysis illustrates a possible way to explore such alternative measures.
The MSOM Society Student Paper Competition: Extended Abstracts of 2003 Winners
Authors: Sapra Amar , Chod Jiri , Alptekinoğlu Aydιn , Chen Li , Kök A. Gürhan , Martínez-de-Albéniz Victor 
Published: April 2004

As is our tradition at the journal, we are pleased to publish the extended abstracts from the winners of the 2003 MSOM Society Student Paper Competition. We do this to celebrate the achievements of these young scholars and provide you with the opportunity to learn about their work in more detail. The 2003 prize committee was chaired by Professor Gerard Cachon from the University of Pennsylvania. The other committee members were: Dan Adelman (University of Chicago), Narendra Agrawal (Santa Clara University), Yossi Aviv (Washington University), Rene Caldentey (New York University), Wedad Elmaghraby (Georgia Institute of Technology), Noah Gans (University of Pennsylvania), Roman Kapuscinski (University of Michigan), Pinar Keskinocak (Georgia Institute of Technology), Constantinos Maglaras (Columbia University), Joe Mazzola (Georgetown University), Serguei Netessine (University of Pennsylvania), Michael Pinedo (New York University), Erica Plambeck (Stanford University), Nils Rudi (University of Rochester), Sergei Savin (Columbia University), Kevin Shang (Duke University), Terry Taylor (Columbia University), Christian Terwiesch (University of Pennsylvania), Brian Tomlin (University of North Carolina), Tunay Tunca (Stanford University).
UV photosynthesis of nickel carbonyl
Authors: Guo Xuming , Sturgeon Ralph E. , Mester Zoltan , Gardner Graeme 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn the presence of low‐molecular‐weight organic acids, such as formic, acetic, and propionic, inorganic nickel salts in aqueous solutions are converted to the volatile tetracarbonyl by UV irradiation. Experiments were performed using a flow‐through photoreactor, consisting of a 6 m length polytetrafluoroethylene tubing wrapped around a low‐pressure mercury vapor UV lamp (254 nm, 15 W). The efficiency of transformation was estimated to be 95%. As no carbon monoxide or external reductant is required, photochemical synthesis may prove to be useful in material chemistry and applicable to the extractive metallurgy of nickel, as well as its refining and recycling. Copyright © 2004 Crown in the right of Canada. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of fitness functions on genetic programming‐based ranking discovery for Web search
Authors: Fan Weiguo , Fox Edward A. , Pathak Praveen , Wu Harris 
Published: April 2004

AbstractGenetic‐based evolutionary learning algorithms, such as genetic algorithms (GAs) and genetic programming (GP), have been applied to information retrieval (IR) since the 1980s. Recently, GP has been applied to a new IR task—discovery of ranking functions for Web search—and has achieved very promising results. However, in our prior research, only one fitness function has been used for GP‐based learning. It is unclear how other fitness functions may affect ranking function discovery for Web search, especially since it is well known that choosing a proper fitness function is very important for the effectiveness and efficiency of evolutionary algorithms. In this article, we report our experience in contrasting different fitness function designs on GP‐based learning using a very large Web corpus. Our results indicate that the design of fitness functions is instrumental in performance improvement. We also give recommendations on the design of fitness functions for genetic‐based information retrieval experiments.
Parental lead exposure and total anomalous pulmonary venous return
Authors: Jackson Leila W. , Correa‐Villaseñor Adolfo , Lees Peter S.J. , Dominici Francesca , Stewart Patricia A. , Breysse Patrick N. , Matanoski Genevieve 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDInvestigators from the Baltimore‐Washington Infant Study (BWIS) reported an association between self‐reported maternal lead exposure and total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) in their offspring. This association was further evaluated in the BWIS population using a more sensitive exposure estimate.METHODSCases included 54 live‐born infants with TAPVR; controls were a stratified random sample of 522 live‐born infants from the BWIS control group. Parental lead exposure was based on three assessment methods, including: an industrial hygiene assessment, an a priori job exposure matrix, and self‐reported exposures. A parent was classified as exposed to lead if he/she was classified as exposed by any one of the assessment methods.RESULTSApproximately 17% of case mothers and 11% of control mothers were classified as exposed to lead during the three months prior to conception through the first trimester (odds ratio [OR], 1.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64–3.47). Among fathers, 61% of case fathers and 46% of control fathers were classified as exposed to lead during the six months prior to conception (paternal critical period) (OR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.00–3.42). During the paternal critical period, when only the father was exposed compared to neither parent exposed, the OR for any lead exposure and TAPVR was 1.65 (95% CI, 0.84–3.25).CONCLUSIONSThis study supports a possible association between paternal lead exposure and TAPVR. Further studies are warranted using validated assessment methods for occupational and nonoccupational lead exposures to corroborate this association and to elucidate the possible biological mechanism. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Solution structure of the cyclic peptide contryphan‐Vn, a Ca2+‐dependent K+ channel modulator
Authors: Eliseo Tommaso , Cicero Daniel Oscar , Romeo Cristina , Schininà Maria Eugenia , Massilia Gabriella Raybaudi , Polticelli Fabio , Ascenzi Paolo , Paci Maurizio 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe solution structure of contryphan‐Vn, a cyclic peptide with a double cysteine S–S bridge and containing a D‐tryptophan extracted from the venom of the cone snail Conus ventricosus, has been determined by NMR spectroscopy using a variety of homonuclear and heteronuclear NMR methods and restrained molecular dynamics simulations. The main conformational features of backbone contryphan‐Vn are a type IV β‐turn from Gly 1 to Lys 6 and a type I β‐turn from Lys 6 to Cys 9. As already found in other contryphans, one of the two prolines—the Pro4—is mainly in the cis conformation while Pro7 is trans. A small hydrophobic region probably partly shielded from solvent constituted from the close proximity of side chains of Pro7 and Trp8 was observed together with a persistent salt bridge between Asp2 and Lys6, which has been revealed by the diagnostic observation of specific nuclear Overhauser effects. The salt bridge was used as a restraint in the molecular dynamics in vacuum but without inserting explicit electrostatic contribution in the calculations. The backbone of the unique conformational family found of contryphan‐Vn superimposes well with those of contryphan‐Sm and contryphan‐R. This result indicates that the contryphan structural motif represents a robust and conserved molecular scaffold whose main structural determinants are the size of the intercysteine loop and the presence and location in the sequence of the D‐Trp and the two Pro residues. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers, 2004
Synthesis of New Boron‐Rich Building Blocks for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy or Energy‐Filtering Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Raddatz Stefan , Marcello Marco , Kliem Hans‐Christian , Tröster Helmut , Trendelenburg Michael F. , Oeser Thomas , Granzow Christof , Wiessler Manfred 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe synthesis of a new ortho‐carborane derivative, tetracarboranylketone 4, is reported here. Ketone 4 was prepared from a tetraalkynylated ketone by the addition of decaborane. The keto group was then easily modified to yield the glycosides 17α and 18β, which contain glucose or galactose, respectively, and the nucleotide 13 b. In addition to ketone 4, which is acyclic, cyclic ketone 8 was also synthesised. X‐ray diffraction analysis of compound 4 indicated the presence of two toluene guest molecules per molecule of the host compound. Furthermore, compound 4 displays a rather low cytotoxicity. These novel products can be used as building blocks to create a new class of biomolecules containing high‐density carborane clusters. Such molecules may constitute powerful tools for applications like Boron Neutron Capture Therapy or Energy‐Filtering Transmission Electron Microscopy.
Preparative resolution of 1‐aminoindan‐1,5‐dicarboxylic acid (AIDA) by chiral ligand‐exchange chromatography
Authors: Natalini Benedetto , Marinozzi Maura , Bade Katrin , Sardella Roccaldo , Thomsen Christian , Pellicciari Roberto 
Published: April 2004

AbstractChiral ligand‐exchange chromatography has been shown to be effective in the resolution and semipreparative separation of 1‐aminoindan‐1,5‐dicarboxylic acid (AIDA) enantiomers. In functional activity experiments, only (S)‐AIDA was a potent and mGluR1 subtype selective antagonist. Chirality 16:314–317, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Measurement of circular birefringence and circular dichroism of the single crystals of Λ‐(+)589‐ and Δ‐(−)589‐tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) triiodide monohydrate by the extended HAUP method
Authors: Matsuki Ryo , Asahi Toru , Kobayashi Jinzo , Asai Hiroshi 
Published: April 2004

AbstractWe have achieved measuring four optical parameters simultaneously, namely, linear birefringence (LB), circular birefringence (CB), linear dichroism (LD), and circular dichroism (CD), of single crystals of Λ‐(+)589‐ and Δ‐(−)589‐tris(ethylenediamine) cobalt(III) triiodide monohydrate (1) along the <001> plane at the fixed wavelength (514.5 nm). Such measurements are possible only when the High Accuracy Universal Polarimeter (HAUP) is employed; it is called the extended HAUP method. Our experimental results showed that both LB and LD of the Λ‐(+)589‐(1) crystal have the same magnitude as those of the Δ‐(−)589‐(1) crystal. It was also revealed for the first time that the CB data of crystals of Λ‐(+)589‐(1) and Δ‐(−)589‐(1) are almost of the same magnitude, but are of opposite sign, reflecting their opposite absolute configurations. On the other hand, although the CD data obtained for Λ‐(+)589‐(1) is almost three times larger than that for Δ‐(−)589‐(1,) these CD data are also opposite in sign, as expected from the opposite chirality of crystals. Chirality 16:286–293, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A parallel Broyden approach to the Toeplitz inverse eigenproblem
Authors: Peinado Jesús , Vidal Antonio M. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn this work we show a portable sequential and a portable parallel algorithm for solving the inverse eigenproblem for real symmetric Toeplitz matrices. Both algorithms are based on Broyden's method for solving nonlinear systems. We reduced the computational cost for some problem sizes, and furthermore we managed to reduce spatial cost considerably, compared in both cases with parallel algorithms proposed by other authors and by us, although sometimes quasi‐Newton methods (as Broyden) do not reach convergence in all the test cases. We have implemented the parallel algorithm using the parallel numerical linear algebra library SCALAPACK based on the MPI environment. Experimental results have been obtained using two different architectures: a shared memory multiprocessor, the SGI PowerChallenge, and a cluster of Pentium II PCs connected through a myrinet network. The algorithms obtained are scalable in all the cases. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.