bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of matrix metalloproteinases in apoptosis after transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats and mice
Authors: Copin Jean‐Christophe , Goodyear Marie‐Christelle , Gidday Jeffrey M. , Shah Aarti R. , Gascon Eduardo , Dayer Alexandre , Morel Denis M. , Gasche Yvan 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe involvement of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in cerebral ischemia‐induced apoptosis was investigated in a model of transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats treated intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) with 4‐((3‐(4‐phenoxylphenoxy)propylsulfonyl)methyl)‐tetrahydropyran‐4‐carboxylic acid N‐hydroxy amide, a broad spectrum non‐peptidic hydroxamic acid MMP inhibitor, and in MMP‐9‐deficient mice. Our results showed that MMP inhibition reduced DNA fragmentation by 51% (P < 0.001) and cerebral infarct by 60% (P < 0.05) after ischemia. This protection was concomitant with a 29% reduction of cytochrome c release into the cytosol (P < 0.005) and a 54% reduction of calpain‐related α‐spectrin degradation (P < 0.05), as well as with an 84% increase in the immunoreactive signal of the native form of poly(ADP) ribose polymerase (P < 0.01). By contrast, specific targeting of the mmp9 gene in mice did reduce cerebral damage by 34% (P < 0.05) but did not modify the apoptotic response after cerebral ischemia. However, i.c.v. injection of MMP‐9‐deficient mice with the same broad‐spectrum inhibitor used in rats significantly reduced DNA degradation by 32% (P < 0.05) and contributed even further to the protection of the ischemic brain. Together, our pharmacological and genetic results indicate that MMPs other than MMP‐9 are actively involved in cerebral ischemia‐induced apoptosis.
Somato‐motor inhibitory processing in humans: a study with MEG and ERP
Authors: Nakata Hiroki , Inui Koji , Wasaka Toshiaki , Akatsuka Kosuke , Kakigi Ryusuke 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe go/nogo task is a useful paradigm for recording event‐related potentials (ERPs) to investigate the neural mechanisms of response inhibition. In nogo trials, a negative deflection at around 140–300 ms (N2), which has been called the ‘nogo potential’, is elicited at the frontocentral electrodes, compared with ERPs recorded in go trials. In the present study, we investigated the generators of nogo potentials by recording ERPs and by using magnetoencephalography (MEG) simultaneously during somatosensory go/nogo tasks to elucidate the regions involved in generating nogo potentials. ERP data revealed that the amplitude of the nogo‐N140 component, which peaked at about 155 ms from frontocentral electrodes, was significantly more negative than that of go‐N140. MEG data revealed that a long‐latency response peaking at approximately 160 ms, termed nogo‐M140 and corresponding to nogo‐N140, was recorded in only nogo trials. The equivalent current dipole of nogo‐M140 was estimated to lie around the posterior part of the inferior frontal sulci in the prefrontal cortex. These results revealed that both nogo‐N140 and nogo‐M140 evoked by somatosensory go/nogo tasks were related to the neural activity generated from the prefrontal cortex. Our findings combining MEG and ERPs clarified the spatial and temporal processing related to somato‐motor inhibition caused in the posterior part of the inferior frontal sulci in the prefrontal cortex in humans.
Pseudomonas, the dominant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon‐degrading bacteria isolated from Antarctic soils and the role of large plasmids in horizontal gene transfer
Authors: Ma Yingfei , Wang Lin , Shao Zongze 
Published: October 2005

SummaryTwenty‐two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)‐degrading bacterial strains were isolated from Antarctic soils with naphthalene or phenanthrene as a sole carbon source, while no degrader was obtained from an unpolluted sampling site. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all belonged to the genus Pseudomonas except one that was identified as the genus of Rahnella. Some of them were closely related to previously reported cold‐tolerant species, while some were separated in deeply rooted branches and represent new strains. All these strains showed a high efficiency to degrade naphthalene at 4°C, and some additionally degraded phenanthrene. Using degenerate primers and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, ndo gene encoding naphthalene dioxygenase (NDO) was detected from all the isolates. Phylogenetic analysis grouped these genes into two clusters which shared 94% similarity to each other, and showed about 97% similarity within a cluster. However, no obvious difference was observed with mesophilic ndo genes; this indicates that the host cell is pivotal in cold adaptation. In addition, the mismatch between 16S rRNA and NDO phylogenetic trees strongly indicates horizontal gene transfer among these isolates and may have happened in situ. Further, Southern hybridization and plasmid curing confirmed that ndo genes were located on a large self‐transmissible plasmid, which can be transferred to a mesophilic strains. The transconjugants acquired the ability to utilize naphthalene and phenanthrene. Results of this article imply that Pseudomonas plays an important role in PAH biodegradation in Antarctic soils, and the related genes might be originally transferred from outside Antarctica and spread among indigenous species.
Analysis of the proteome of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 grown on different sources of carbon and energy
Authors: Kurbatov Leonid , Albrecht Dirk , Herrmann Heidrun , Petruschka Lothar 
Published: October 2005

SummaryUsing 2D electrophoresis the protein expression pattern during growth on carbon sources with different impact on carbon catabolite repression of phenol degradation was analysed in a derivative of Pseudomonas putida KT2440. The cytosolic protein pattern of cells growing on phenol or the non‐repressive substrate pyruvate was almost identical, but showed significant differences to that of cells growing with the repressive substrates succinate or glucose. Proteins, which were mainly expressed in the presence of phenol or pyruvate, could be assigned to the functional groups of transport, detoxification, stress response, amino acid, energy, carbohydrate and nucleotide metabolism. The addition of succinate to cells growing with phenol (‘shift‐up’) resulted in the inhibition of the synthesis of these proteins. Proteins with enhanced expression at growth with succinate or glucose were proteins for de novo synthesis of nucleotides, amino acids and enzymes of the TCA cycle. The synthesis of proteins, necessary for phenol catabolism was regulated in different manners following the addition of succinate. Whereas the synthesis of Phl‐proteins (subunits of the phenolhydroxylase) only decreased slowly, was the translation of the Cat‐proteins (catechol 1,2‐dioxygenase, cis,cis‐muconate cycloisomerase and muconolactone isomerase) repressed immediately and the synthesis of the Pca‐proteins (β‐ketoadipate enolactone hydrolase, β‐ketoadipate succinyl‐CoA transferase and β‐ketoadipyl CoA thiolase) remained unaffected.
Ecophysiology of a group of uncultured Gammaproteobacterial glycogen‐accumulating organisms in full‐scale enhanced biological phosphorus removal wastewater treatment plants
Authors: Kong Yunhong , Xia Yun , Nielsen Jeppe L. , Nielsen Per H. 
Published: October 2005

SummaryThe presence of glycogen‐accumulating organisms (GAOs) in enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) plants can seriously deteriorate the biological P‐removal by out‐competing the polyphosphate‐accumulating organisms (PAOs). In this study, uncultured putative GAOs (the GB group, belonging to the Gammaproteobacteria) were investigated in detail in 12 full‐scale EBPR plants. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed that the biovolume of the GB bacteria constituted 2–6% of total bacterial biovolume. At least six different subgroups of the GB bacteria were found, and the number of dominant subgroups present in each plant varied between one and five. Ecophysiological investigations using microautoradiography in combination with FISH showed that, under aerobic or anaerobic conditions, all subgroups of the GB bacteria could take up acetate, pyruvate, propionate and some amino acids, while some subgroups in addition could take up formate and thymidine. Glucose, ethanol, butyrate and several other organic substrates were not taken up. Glycolysis was essential for the anaerobic uptake of organic substrates. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) but not polyphosphate (polyP) granules were detected in all GB bacterial cells. Polyhydroxyalkanoate formation after anaerobic uptake of acetate was confirmed by measuring the increase in fluorescence intensity of PHA granules inside GB bacterial cells after Nile blue staining. One GB subgroup was possibly able to denitrify, and several others were able to reduce nitrate to nitrite. PAOs were also enumerated by FISH in the same treatment plants. Rhodocyclus‐related PAOs and Actinobacteria‐related PAOs constituted up to 7% and 29% of total bacterial biovolume respectively. Rhodocyclus‐related PAOs always coexisted with the GB bacteria and showed many physiological similarities. Factors of importance for the competition between the three groups of important bacteria in EBPR plants are discussed.
Temperament, parenting, and depressive symptoms in a population sample of preadolescents
Authors: Oldehinkel Albertine J. , Veenstra René , Ormel Johan , De Winter Andrea F. , Verhulst Frank C. 
Published: October 2005

Background:  Depressive symptoms can be triggered by negative social experiences and individuals’ processing of these experiences. This study focuses on the interaction between temperament, perceived parenting, and gender in relation to depressive problems in a Dutch population sample of preadolescents.Methods:  The sample consisted of 2230 ten‐to‐twelve‐year‐olds from the North of the Netherlands. Perceived parenting (overprotection, rejection, emotional warmth) was assessed by the EMBU (a Swedish acronym for My Memories of Upbringing) for Children, temperament (fearfulness and frustration) by the parent version of the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire‐Revised, and depressive problems by the Child Behavior Checklist (parent report) and the Youth Self‐Report (child report).Results:  All parenting and temperament factors were significantly associated with depressive problems. Frustration increased the depressogenic effect of parental overprotection and lack of emotional warmth. Fearfulness increased the effect of rejection in girls, but not in boys. Furthermore, the association between frustration and depression was stronger in boys.Conclusions:  These findings support the hypothesis that the effect of specific parenting behaviors depends on the temperament and gender of the child.
Probability of liver cancer and survival in HCV‐related or alcoholic‐decompensated cirrhosis. A study of 377 patients
Authors: Solà Ricard , Álvarez Marco Antonio , Ballesté Belén , Montoliu Silvia , Rivera Mònica , Miquel Mireia , Cirera Isabel , Morillas Rosa Maria , Coll Susanna , Planas Ramon 
Published: October 2005

Abstract: Background:Although chronic alcohol intake and chronic hepatitis C may progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), few data are available about survival and probability of developing HCC in decompensated cirrhosis of both aetiologies.Methods:This study identified factors related with probability of developing HCC and survival in a cohort of 377 consecutive patients with decompensated HCV‐related cirrhosis (200 cases) or alcoholic cirrhosis (177 cases) without known HCC, hospitalized for their first hepatic decompensation, as well as to evaluate differences between both aetiologies. Patients were followed for a mean period of 39±2 months.Results:During follow‐up, 42 patients (11.1%) developed HCC (16.5% vs 5.1%) in groups HCV and alcohol, respectively; p=0.0008), and 131 patients (34.7%) died (42% vs 26.6% in groups HCV and alcohol, respectively; p=0.002). Age and HCV‐cirrhosis were independently related to HCC development, while baseline age and Child‐Turcotte‐Pugh score were independently correlated with survival.Conclusion:Survival in decompensated HCV‐related or alcoholic cirrhosis is influenced by age and baseline Child‐Turcotte‐Pugh score, without differences in cirrhosis aetiology. The risk of developing HCC is greater in HCV‐related cirrhosis than in alcoholic cirrhosis.
Estimating the probability of a blood donation adverse event based on 1000 interviewed whole‐blood donors
Authors: Newman B.H. , Roth A.J. 
Published: October 2005

BACKGROUND: Estimating the probability that a donor will have or not have an adverse event is useful for staff knowledge to give blood donors reassurance upon request.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: One‐thousand donors from the general donor pool were interviewed for seven potential adverse events 3 weeks after a 525‐mL whole‐blood phlebotomy. The four most common adverse events were bruise (22.7%), sore arm (10.0%), fatigue (7.8%), and donor reaction (7.0%). A stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed based on five donor characteristics that were studied: age, weight, sex, race, and first‐time donor status. The contribution of each significant or marginally significant factor to each adverse event was quantified.RESULTS: For donor reaction, weight (p < 0.0001) and age (p = 0.015) were significant contributors, and first‐time donor status (p = 0.054) was a marginally significant contributor. An equation was derived, and the donor reaction rate can be estimated for a group based on the donor's weight, age, and first‐time donor status. Similar analyses were performed for fatigue, sore arm, and bruise.CONCLUSION: Based on the derived formulas and with the use of a spreadsheet, data can be entered and the probability that a donor will have (or not have) a donor reaction, fatigue, sore arm, or bruise can be estimated.
Serial blood donations for intrauterine transfusions of severe hemolytic disease of the newborn with the use of recombinant erythropoietin in a pregnant woman alloimmunized with anti‐Ku
Authors: Lydaki Evaggelia , Nikoloudi Irene , Kaminopetros Petros , Bolonaki Irene , Sifakis Stavros , Kikidi Katerina , Koumantakis Evgenios , Foundouli Kaliopi 
Published: October 2005

BACKGROUND: The management of a pregnant woman with the rare Ko phenotype and anti‐Ku is a special challenge, because matched blood is extremely rare and the possibility of severe hemolytic disease of the newborn is high.CASE REPORT: A 30‐year‐old woman with rare Ko (Knull) phenotype presented at 18 weeks of gestation with positive indirect agglutination test results. She had anti‐Ku due to previous blood transfusion, one pregnancy, and two abortions.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: During this pregnancy, anti‐Ku titers ranged from 1024 to 4096. At the 26th week of gestation ultrasound showed a hydropic fetus and urgent intrauterine exchange transfusion was performed with the maternal red blood cells (RBCs). Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHu‐EPO) and intravenous (IV) iron were administered to the mother to ensure an adequate supply of matched RBCs for intrauterine transfusions and possible perinatal hemorrhage.RESULTS: Intrauterine transfusions were repeated every 1 to 3 weeks. By 35 weeks 2 days of gestation, the mother had donated 4 units of blood, and four intrauterine transfusions had been performed. Cesarean section was then decided and a healthy male newborn was born. He was treated with phototherapy but without exchange transfusions. By the 15th day of life rHu‐EPO was administrated to the newborn because of anemia. The maternal RBCs completely disappeared from the child's blood by Day 100.CONCLUSIONS: As shown in this case, treatment with rHu‐EPO and IV Fe has effectively increased the mother's capacity to donate RBCs for autologous use and intrauterine transfusions, with no adverse effects to the mother or the child.
Exposure of hematologic patients to parvovirus B19 as a contaminant of blood cell preparations and blood products
Authors: Plentz Annelie , Hahn Joachim , Knöll Antje , Holler Ernst , Jilg Wolfgang , Modrow Susanne 
Published: October 2005

BACKGROUND:Patients with hematologic malignancies often require blood products, and parvovirus B19 is known to be transmitted by this route. Primary infection with parvovirus B19 shows a wide variety of disease manifestation. In immunocompromised patients, symptoms are severe and viral clearance is delayed or missing.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:A total of 2123 blood products given to all patients of a hematologic ward over a period of 6 months were retrospectively examined for the presence of parvovirus B19 DNA by an in‐house real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR; TaqMan). Patients who had received B19 DNA–positive blood products were further investigated serologically and by PCR for the presence of parvovirus B19 antibodies and DNA.RESULTS:Twenty‐one (1%) of 2123 blood products tested positive for the presence of B19 DNA (2% of pooled products, 0.7% of single‐donor products, and 17.6% of allogeneic peripheral blood progenitor cells), the median viral load was 700 genome equivalents per mL. During the study period, 114 patients were treated on the ward, and 14 (12%) of them received B19 DNA–positive blood components. None of them developed symptoms of an acute B19 infection, although one had a short low‐level viremia.CONCLUSIONS:Although B19 DNA was detected in 1 percent of blood products given to hematologic patients, the exposure of 12 percent of patients did not result in symptomatic infections.
Calculation of Lattice-Parameter Changes with Hydrostatic Pressure from Third-Order Elastic Constants
Authors: Thurston R. N. 
Published: October 2005

Part I describes the calculation of the first and second pressure derivatives of the lattice parameters from the second- and third-order elastic constants (or from the second-order constants and their pressure derivatives). These derivatives determine only the linear and quadratic terms in the expansions of the lattice parameters as power series in the pressure. The quadratic expressions obtained by truncating the power series are not suitable for extrapolation beyond a few tens of kilobars.
Part II gives extrapolation formulas that turn out to be far better than the truncated power-series expansions. For quartz, magnesium, and cadmium, the resulting extrapolation from ultrasonic data taken at low pressures is found to be in reasonable agreement with x-ray determinations of the lattice parameters out to well over 100 kbar.
Appendix A includes derivations of all the formulas needed to make the extrapolation from ultrasonic and thermal data. Complications arise not only from the distinction between adiabatic and isothermal coefficients, but also from the distinction between “effective” and “thermodynamic” coefficients.
Speaker verification using passwords
Authors: Helms R. E. , Doddington G. R. 
Published: October 2005

The use of passwords embedded in free text for speaker verification increases system integrity through privileged knowledge (of the passwords). Two problems arise, however: the stability of the password speech data suffers from changing context, and the password must be detected reliably with few false alarms. Sensitivity to context is minimized by choosing passwords to be content words that begin and end with “hard” consonants. Password detection is based upon finding key reference points within each password through speaker-specific data comparison. An evaluation was performed using ten 3-min sessions of read text from each of eight subjects. A total of 160 tokens of each of five passwords was processed. The results, using filter bank spectra, are
word false alarms/hour SV error, %
(at 10% miss) (TS = IMP)
congress 1.5 6.7
candidate 2.5 9.1
pentagon 0.5 8.8
constitution 0 3.5
secretary of state 0 4.4
[Research was sponsored by the Air Force Systems Command, Rome Air Development Center.]
Perplexity—a measure of the difficulty of speech recognition tasks
Authors: Jelinek F. , Mercer R. L. , Bahl L. R. , Baker J. K. 
Published: October 2005

Using counterexamples, we show that vocabulary size and static and dynamic branching factors are all inadequate as measures of speech recognition complexity of finite state grammars. Information theoretic arguments show that perplexity (the logarithm of which is the familiar entropy) is a more appropriate measure of equivalent choice. It too has certain weaknesses which we discuss. We show that perplexity can also be applied to languages having no obvious statistical description, since an entropy-maximizing probability assignment can be found for any finite-state grammar. Table I shows perplexity values for some well-known speech recognition tasks.
Perplexity Vocabulary Dynamic
Phone Word size branching factor
IBM-Lasers 2.14 21.11 1000 1000
IBM-Raleigh 1.69 7.74 250 7.32
CMU-AIX05 1.52 6.41 1011 35
The application of fatigue testing at ultrasonic frequencies to materials science and technology
Authors: Weiss Brigitte , Stickler Roland 
Published: October 2005

Efforts to develop the ultrasonic fatigue test method for routine application to fundamental fatigue studies as well as to the evaluation of fatigue properties of engineering materials have led to progress in the following areas:
(1) Development of suitable test equipment including advanced control and read-out electronic; efficient system to stabilize specimen temperature; systems to measure vibratory energy and strains; environmental test chambers; set-up for elevated temperature testing;
(2) Improvements in the basic understanding of the resonance system, including the vibratory behaviour of specimens with non-uniform cross-section, non-uniform distribution of mechanical properties, and of specimens containing defects; considerations of the effects of exposure of the specimen to cyclic deformation in the elastic and plastic range.
(3) Accumulation of ultrasonic fatigue test data for a number of bcc and fcc metals and engineering alloys (e.g., C-steels, stainless steels, Al-alloys, Cu-alloys, Mo-base alloys) up to loading cycles exceeding 109, careful statistical analysis of the test results leading to well characterized S-N curves.
(4) Investigation of the frequency effect by comparison with data of conventional fatigue tests and by studies of the mechanism operative during cyclic exposure at various frequencies.
(5) Development of test system to measure crack propagation rates at low stress amplitudes and to determine threshold-stress values for crack growth under cyclic loading; this system appears as a time saving method for the determination of essential fracture mechanics properties.
Experimental results will be presented. Advantages and limitations of the ultrasonic fatigue test method will be discussed in detail.
Elastic waves generated by valve impact
Authors: Pandeya Prakash N. , Soedel Werner 
Published: October 2005

Noise generated by the impacting valve reeds is the major source of noise in compressors. As a first step towards calculating this noise generation, the elastic waves created by the impact between the valve reed and the valve seat have to be understood. This investigation studies the impact waves of a valve reed impacting the seat colinearly. The following cases are treated:
(1) Valve reed impacting a seat made of the same material. (2) Valve reed impacting a seat made of different material. (3) Valve reed impacting a seat which is coated with a protective layer. In this case it will be discussed as to what will happen if the protective layer is softer or harder than the valve reed material.