bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous observations of equatorial plasma bubbles with an all-sky airglow imager and a HF Doppler sounding system in Taiwan
Authors: Sejima Hiromi , Hosokawa Keisuke , Nakata Hiroyuki , Chum Jaroslav , Lin Chien-Hung , Lin Jia-Ting 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHigh-Frequency Doppler (HFD) sounders at low-latitudes often detect characteristic oblique spreading Doppler traces in the spectrogram, known as Oblique Spread Structure (OSS). OSS has been expected to be generated by the dispersion of radio wave reflection due to equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs). However, it has not yet been confirmed whether OSS is surely a manifestation of EPB by conducting simultaneous observations of EPB and OSS with different observational techniques. Additionally, it remains unclear what kinds of properties of EPB are reflected in the fine structure of OSS. In this study, we investigated three cases of OSSs and EPBs simultaneously observed by a HFD sounding system and an all-sky airglow imager in Taiwan. For the three cases presented here, the timing of OSS occurrence in the HFD data well coincided with that of the EPB appearance in the airglow data. The frequency shift of OSS is quantitatively explained assuming a radio wave reflection at 250–300 km altitudes. These results strongly indicate that OSS is formed by electron density variations at F-region altitudes accompanying EPB; thus, OSS is a manifestation of EPB in the HFD observations. Furthermore, it was suggested that the fine structure of OSS reflected the branching structure of EPB when the multiple branches of EPB reached the intermediate reflection point of the HFD observation. The detection of EPB occurrence and its fine structure using HFD observation enables monitoring of EPB regardless of weather conditions, which will contribute to monitoring the space weather impact of EPBs, for example, on GNSS navigation, in a wide area.
Graphical Abstract
Early Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer via Machine Learning Analysis of a National Electronic Medical Record Database
Authors: Matchaba Siyabonga , Fellague-Chebra Rafik , Purushottam Purushottam , Johns Adam 
Published: October 2023

PURPOSE Pancreatic cancer (PaC) is often diagnosed at advanced stages, resulting in one of the lowest survival rates among patients with cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether machine learning (ML) models can predict with high sensitivity and specificity an increased risk for PaC ahead of clinical diagnosis. METHODS Optum deidentified electronic health record (EHR) data set was used to extract 1-year data for each patient and to sample for PaC diagnosis, the number of interactions with the health care system, and unique demographic and clinical features. Data for patients with PaC diagnosis were collected between 1 and 2 years before the diagnosis. Standard binary classification ML models were used on training and testing data sets. Data analyses were performed using the scikit-learn package version 1.0.1. RESULTS The data set consisted of 18,987 patient EHRs collected between December 31, 2007, and December 31, 2017. EHRs with 10 unique features and at least three health care interactions were used for model training (N = 15,189; n = 8,438 [56%] with PaC) and testing (N = 3,798; n = 2,127 [56%] with PaC). The ensemble model achieved an AUC of 0.89, a sensitivity of 85.61%, and a specificity of 76.18% on the testing data set and produced superior results compared with other binary classifiers. Increasing unique health care interactions to nine failed to improve the AUC score. When the testing data set was enlarged to 5,696 patients, the ensemble model achieved an AUC of 0.92 and a specificity of 93.21%, but the sensitivity was compromised. CONCLUSION The ensemble model exceeded the state-of-the-art level of performance for prediction of PaC ahead of clinical diagnosis with a minimal clinically guided input, providing a potential strategy for selection of high-risk patients for further screening.
Early-life environmental effects on mitochondrial aerobic metabolism: a brood size manipulation in wild great tits
Authors: Cossin-Sevrin Nina , Stier Antoine , Hukkanen Mikaela , Zahn Sandrine , Viblanc Vincent A. , Anttila Katja , Ruuskanen Suvi 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
In avian species, the number of chicks in the nest and subsequent sibling competition for food are major components of the offspring's early-life environment. A large brood size is known to affect chick growth, leading in some cases to long-lasting effects for the offspring, such as a decrease in size at fledgling and in survival after fledging. An important pathway underlying different growth patterns could be the variation in offspring mitochondrial metabolism through its central role in converting energy. Here, we performed a brood size manipulation in great tits (Parus major) to unravel its impact on offspring mitochondrial metabolism and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in red blood cells. We investigated the effects of brood size on chick growth and survival, and tested for long-lasting effects on juvenile mitochondrial metabolism and phenotype. As expected, chicks raised in reduced broods had a higher body mass compared with enlarged and control groups. However, mitochondrial metabolism and ROS production were not significantly affected by the treatment at either chick or juvenile stages. Interestingly, chicks raised in very small broods were smaller in size and had higher mitochondrial metabolic rates. The nest of rearing had a significant effect on nestling mitochondrial metabolism. The contribution of the rearing environment in determining offspring mitochondrial metabolism emphasizes the plasticity of mitochondrial metabolism in relation to the nest environment. This study opens new avenues regarding the effect of postnatal environmental conditions in shaping offspring early-life mitochondrial metabolism.
Numerical simulation of thermo-throttle for iodine flow rate control in multidirectional plasma thruster
Authors: Savelev Pavel , Pashaev Aslan , Shumeiko Andrei 
Published: October 2023

Background: Recently, a new direction in the field of electric propulsion has emerged – the multidirectional plasma thrusters. These thrusters are capable of producing propulsive forces in multiple directions. The thrusters are proposed to be used for orbit maintenance and alterations, formation flights, and interplanetary flights of space artificial objects ranging in size from CubeSats to fusion-powered interplanetary spacecraft. In this paper, the results of numerical simulation of the iodine propellant supply system for the multidirectional plasma thruster are presented. Methods: The geometry and temperature parameters of propellant supply system various elements are varied to determine the stable modes of iodine propellant ejection into the gas discharge chamber of the thruster. The temperatures of the thermo throttle and filter are found to ensure iodine mass flow rate in the range of 0.1 to 1.5 mg/s. The thermo throttle and filter temperatures are altered in the range of 65 to 200 °C and 65 to 100 °C, correspondingly. Results: The mass flow rate is critically dependent on the filter temperature and iodine saturated vapor pressure, as well as the filter and throttle geometries. The required values of iodine flow rate have been achieved by using the throttle with a diameter of 0.5 mm and a length of 60 mm and a filter with 56 holes, each hole diameter is 0.2 mm, and temperature from 90 C to 200 C. Conclusions: According to the data obtained, the iodine storage and supply system is preferably equipped with a thermos throttle, which provides precise control of the flow rate, as well as reduces sharp jumps of the flow rate when the temperature of the filter changes. Preferred filter geometry: 56 holes, each hole 0.2 mm in diameter.
Shielding factors for a fission-powered mars exploration rover
Authors: Bendoyro Alexander C. , Thomas L. Dale , Cassibry Jason , Emrich William 
Published: October 2023

Background: With the advances in compact fission power systems and Stirling converters, the efficiency and portability of electrical energy production systems has increased substantially thanks to NASA’s Kilopower project. These 1-10 kWe-class reactors are compact enough to be transportable by pressurized rovers, allowing an extended human reach across the surface of Mars to produce scientific data at a rate that greatly surpasses the rate of robotic rover data collection. If rovers were to harness fission power while mobile, it is possible for near-limitless range. This capability could allow one crew on Mars for under a “Conjunction” class mission as outlined in NASA’s Mars Design Reference Architecture (DRA) 5.0 to visit many geological sites of interest instead of requiring additional landings to explore distant features of the Martian surface. This study explored the parameters that affected the mass of the shielding required to protect the crew against a fission reactor embedded in the chassis of a pressurized rover. Methods: An analytical approach was devised to estimate the required mass of a hypothetical solid tungsten shield under various conditions. Results: Power levels below 3.4 kWe were found to be impractical for rover applications. Between 3.4 kWe and 10 kWe would be able to recharge the rover without returning to base camp. The increase in shielding mass from a 3.4 kWe reactor and a 10 kWe reactor was 6%. The reduction between a 10 kWe reactor at 3 m and 6 m was 7%. Varying the shield thickness in accordance with astronaut activities resulted in a 19% reduction. Powering the reactor off before exiting the vehicle resulted in an additional 65% reduction. Conclusions: Knowledge of the crew activities and locations had the greatest impact on the required shielding mass and the mission activities should be well-understood before finalizing a shield design.
The presence of wild edible plants and determinants influencing their harvest, consumption, and conservation in south eastern Bhutan
Authors: Bajgai Ram Chandra , Bajgai Yadunath , Johnson Stephen B. 
Published: October 2023

Definition
Wild edible plants (WEPs) grow naturally in self-maintaining ecosystems. WEPs are harvested for consumption, sale, and medicinal uses. We hypothesize that WEPs play a major role in supplying food and generating income for the rural people in a world that is increasingly recognising its emerging conservation issues. We tested this hypothesis by identifying the reasons for harvest, consumption, and conservation of WEPs using focus group discussion, field observations and questionnaire surveys in south eastern Bhutan in late 2019.

Methods
Focused group discussions were held with the local people to identify reasons for harvest and consumption of WEPs. Data on the identified reasons for harvest, consumption, and conserving WEPs were determined using a questionnaire survey with ranking scales for a set of 76 randomly selected households. Representative field-observations and questionnaire surveys were carried out in villages close to forests. Parts of the plant used, how these were consumed, harvest season, and plant (life form) were recorded. The data was subjected to a Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test and weighted averages calculated.

Result and conclusion
A total of 120 WEPs belonging to 63 families (including Agaricaceae) were reported. Most of the WEPs recorded were trees (45.0%) then herbs (25.8%), vines (13.3%) and shrubs (10.8%). The commonly consumed plant parts were the fruit (43.3%), shoots (28.3%) and leaves (20.8%).
The purposes for harvesting and consumption, conservation of WEPs were significantly (P<0.001) different, while the motivations for collecting WEPs were not. The motivation for collecting WEPs were family consumption > sale > medicinal uses > preservation for future use > insufficient food from cultivated source’s. The two most important strategies for conservation were to domesticate the WEPs and cultivate in forests. The findings reveal valuable lessons and insights about the reasons for harvesting, collection, consumption, and conservation of WEPs.
Yinzhihuang injection induces apoptosis and suppresses tumor growth in acute myeloid leukemia cells
Authors: Huang Zhe , Shen Yunfu , Fan Xianming , Guo Qulian , Ma Wenzhe 
Published: October 2023

Background
The unmet needs in treating acute myeloid leukemia(AML) promote us to look for more effective and less toxic therapies. In this study, we discovered that Yinzhihuang injection(YZHI), a traditional Chinese patent medicine for hepatitis treatment, suppressed the growth of AML cells.

Method
Anti-proliferative activities of YZHI were measured by CCK-8 assay. Cell cycle arrest was evaluated by PI staining, and apoptosis was evaluated by annexin V/PI staining. To explore the cell cycle arrest and cell death mechanism induced by YZHI, we assessed a series of assays, including measurements of the protein expression and cellular ATP. The anti-tumor activity was further demonstrated in nude mice.

Results
Flow cytometric and biochemical analysis revealed that YZHI caused cell cycle arrest and induced apoptosis in the AML HL-60 cells. Mechanistically, YZHI activated AMPK by promoting phosphorylation of the kinase. The active AMPK negatively regulated the downstream target mTORC1, leading to the inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis. Pretreatment with the AMPK inhibitor compound C rescued YZHI induced apoptosis and partially restored cell proliferation of HL-60. Consistent with the data in vitro, YZHI obviously suppressed subcutaneous xenograft growth in nude mice.

Conclusions
In a word, our data suggest that YZHI can be repurposed for the treatment of AML, which is worthy of further clinical evaluation.
Effects of customer relationship management (CRM) strategies and socio-cognitive constructs on the physical activity of individuals with arthritis over time
Authors: Newton Fiona J. , Haregu Tilahun N. , Newton Joshua D. , Donovan Robert , Mahal Ajay , Mackenzie-Stewart Ruth , Ewing Michael T. , Bauman Adrian , Manera Karine E. , Smith Ben J. 
Published: October 2023

Background
Regular physical activity is important for arthritis self-management and could be promoted through tailoring community leisure and fitness centers’ customer-relationship management (CRM) strategies.

Objectives
This study investigates the influence of two CRM strategies on individuals with arthritis reaching or maintaining two moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) thresholds (≥150 and ≥45 minutes/week) from baseline-to-12 months and 12-to-24 months as well as mean changes in total minutes/week of MVPA. It also explores time-dependent variations in the influence of socio-cognitive variables on MVPA outcomes.

Methods
Survey data from 374 participants with arthritis in a two-year randomized controlled trial (control versus two CRM strategies: IncentiveOnly and Incentive+Support) were used. Participants reported measures of physical activity participation, socio-cognitive decision-making, mental and physical wellbeing, friendship, community connectedness, sense of trust in others, and demographics.

Findings/discussion
Receiving the Incentive+Support CRM strategy (versus control) increased participants’ likelihood of reaching/maintaining both physical activity thresholds from 12-to-24 months (≥150 MVPA minutes/week, p < .001; ≥45 MVPA minutes/week, p < .032) but not from baseline-to-12 months. However, receiving the IncentiveOnly CRM strategy (versus control) did not predict reaching/maintaining these thresholds. Importantly, socio-cognitive decision-making variables’ influence on reaching/maintaining these MVPA thresholds varied over time, suggesting CRM strategies may require further tailoring based on time-specific profiles. Perhaps because of new facility induced excitement, the mean change in total MVPA minutes/week for the control group significantly increased (26.8 minute/week, p = .014, 95% CI [5.5, 48.0]) from baseline-to-12 months, but subsequently declined by 11.4 minute/week from 12-to-24 months (p = .296, 95% CI [-32.7, 9.9]). Mean changes in total MVPA minutes/week were non-significant for those receiving IncentiveOnly content but significant for those receiving Incentive+Support content: baseline-to-12 months (38.2 minute/week increase, p = .023, 95% CI [4.9, 71.4]) and baseline-to-24-months (45.9 minute/week increase, p = .007, 95% CI [12.7, 79.1]).
Long-Term Treatment With Tenofovir Alafenamide for Chronic Hepatitis B Results in High Rates of Viral Suppression and Favorable Renal and Bone Safety
Authors: Chan Henry L.Y. , Buti Maria , Lim Young-Suk , Agarwal Kosh , Marcellin Patrick , Brunetto Maurizia , Chuang Wan-Long , Janssen Harry L.A. , Fung Scott , Izumi Namiki , Abdurakhmanov Dzhamal , Jabłkowski Maciej , Celen Mustafa K. , Ma Xiaoli , Caruntu Florin , Flaherty John F. , Abramov Frida , Wang Hongyuan , Camus Gregory , Osinusi Anu , Pan Calvin Q. , Shalimar  , Seto Wai-Kay , Gane Edward ,   on behalf of the GS-US-320-0110 and GS-US-320-0108 investigators
Published: October 2023

INTRODUCTION:
The results from 2 phase 3 studies, through 2 years, in chronic hepatitis B infection showed tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) had similar efficacy to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) with superior renal and bone safety. We report updated results through 5 years.

METHODS:
Patients with HBeAg-negative or HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B infection with or without compensated cirrhosis were randomized (2:1) to TAF 25 mg or TDF 300 mg once daily in double-blind (DB) fashion for up to 3 years, followed by open-label (OL) TAF up to 8 years. Efficacy (antiviral, biochemical, and serologic), resistance (deep sequencing of polymerase/reverse transcriptase and phenotyping), and safety, including renal and bone parameters, were evaluated by pooled analyses.

RESULTS:
Of 1,298 randomized and treated patients, 866 receiving TAF (DB and OL) and 432 receiving TDF with rollover to OL TAF at year 2 (n = 180; TDF→TAF3y) or year 3 (n = 202; TDF→TAF2y) were included. Fifty (4%) TDF patients who discontinued during DB were excluded. At year 5, 85%, 83%, and 90% achieved HBV DNA <29 IU/mL (missing = failure) in the TAF, TDF→TAF3y, and TDF→TAF2y groups, respectively; no patient developed TAF or TDF resistance. Median estimated glomerular filtration rate (by using Cockcroft-Gault) declined <2.5 mL/min, and mean declines of <1% in hip and spine bone mineral density were seen at year 5 in the TAF group; patients in the TDF→TAF groups had improvements in these parameters at year 5 after switching to OL TAF.

DISCUSSION:
Long-term TAF treatment resulted in high rates of viral suppression, no resistance, and favorable renal and bone safety.
Navigating parental rights: A study of Virginia’s model policies on transgender student treatment
Authors: Hornbeck Dustin 
Published: October 2023

In this study, I explore the discourse surrounding parental rights in U.S. public schools, with Virginia as a focal point. Analyzing two sets of model policies regarding the treatment of transgender students—one established under a Democratic governor and another implemented following the election of a Republican candidate championing parental rights—this research employs qualitative content analysis to gain insight into the contemporary parental rights movement in educational settings. Five key themes emerged: 1. Reliance on expert opinions; 2. Variation in depth and breadth of information within policies; 3. Transgender student inclusion in policies; 4. Student and parent focus imbalance; and 5. Adherence to legal intent. The findings indicate a shift in emphasis from addressing gender identity concerns to prioritizing parental rights, with ramifications for the broader political landscape. This research enriches the ongoing dialogue on the role of parents in education and the consequences of the conservative parental rights movement for educational policy.
Prefatoryin silicostudies andin vitroinsecticidal effect ofNigella sativa(L.) essential oil and its active compound (carvacrol) against theCallosobruchus maculatusadults (Fab), a major pest of chickpea
Authors: Zouirech Otmane , El Moussaoui Abdelfattah , Saghrouchni Hamza , Gaafar Abdel-Rhman Z. , Nafidi Hiba-Allah , Bourhia Mohammed , Khallouki Farid , Lyoussi Badiaa , Derwich Elhoussine 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTo help discover a reasonable and eco-friendly insecticide, we undertook a study on the insecticidal potential of carvacrol and essential oils extracted by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger apparatus from the plant speciesNigella sativaseeds essential oils ofNigella sativa(EONS) onCallosobruchus maculatusadults. Several tests including contact toxicity, repellent effect, topical contact test, and inhalation effect were conducted. Adults ofC. maculatushave been exposed to the toxic effects of different concentrations of these essential oils as well as with carvacrol. The results obtained showed that both EONS and carvacrol exhibited a moderate repellent effect (class II) onC.maculatusadults. EONS showed the highest toxicity by inhalation test, with an LD50of 13.386 and an LD95of 33.186 μL/cm2, compared to carvacrol (LD50= 21.509 and LD95= 38.877 μL/cm2). The EONS by contact test exhibited more toxic effects, with an LD50of 23.350 µL/100 g and an LD95of 45.315 µL/100 g, compared to carvacrol (LD50= 27.853 µL/100 g and LD95= 45.184 µL/100 g). For the topical contact test results, carvacrol was more toxic, with an LD50of 3.915 and an LD95of 7.696 µL/mL, compared to EONS (LD50= 14.509 and LD95= 25.516 µL/mL). The high toxicity of EONS can be explained by the presence of 25.8% ofo-cymene, 8.53% of cyclofenchene, and 7.71% of beta-pinene, as well as 4.6% of carvacrol, in its chemical composition. Unmitigatedly, these data suggest that the essential oils ofN. sativamay present a raw material for the development of new bio-insecticidal products againstC. maculatus, one of the main pests of stored foodstuffs.
Running across the mind or across the park: does speech about physical and metaphorical motion go hand in hand?
Authors: Lewandowski Wojciech , Özçalışkan Şeyda 
Published: October 2023

AbstractExpression of physical motion (e.g.,man runs by) shows systematic variability not only between language types (i.e., inter-typological) but also within a language type (i.e., intra-typological). In this study, we asked whether the patterns of variability extend to metaphorical motion events (e.g.,time runs by). Our analysis of randomly selected 450 physical motion (150/language) and 450 metaphorical motion (150/language) event descriptions from written texts originally produced by German, Polish, and Spanish authors showed strong inter-typological differences in the expression of both event types. German and Polish speakers differed from Spanish speakers in how they packaged manner and path components of a motion event; they also differed in how extensively they expressed each component in their lexicalization of motion. The strong inter-typological differences were accompanied by more modest intra-typological variability: Polish and German writers differed in their packaging and lexicalization of manner and path components of metaphorical—butnotphysical—motion events. Our results provide evidence for robust inter-typological differences evident in the expression of both physical and metaphorical motion, along with less robust intra-typological differences, largely evident in the expression of metaphorical motion. Our study thus highlights event type as an important factor in determining crosslinguistic variation in motion expression.