bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Take a load off: skeletal implications of sedentism in the feet of modern body donors
Authors: Albee Malorie E 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Modern biocultural environments continue to place selective pressures on our skeletons. In the past century, a major cultural pressure has been the rise in sedentism. However, studies considering the effects of sedentism on the foot have largely considered pathological changes to the gross foot without particular regard for the pedal skeleton. To address this gap in the literature, temporal trends in the development of osteoarthritis and entheseal changes on the tarsals and metatarsals were analyzed in the context of biodemographic data for recent modern humans.

Methodology
The sample utilized for this project is comprised of 71 individuals from the William M. Bass Donated Skeletal Collection, with birth years ranging from 1909 to 1993. Temporal trends in osteoarthritis and entheseal changes were determined via ANCOVA, using year of birth as the explanatory variable and biodemographic variables (age, sex, stature, body mass index and tibial robusticity) as covariates.

Results
Results indicate that entheseal changes and osteoarthritis have decreased over time, and these trends are statistically significant. Temporal trends in pedal entheseal changes and osteoarthritis vary by sex.

Conclusions and Implications
The increase in sedentary behavior over time has usually been framed as a net negative for human health and well-being. However, considered in isolation, the decrease in entheseal changes and osteoarthritis presented here might be considered a positive development as they suggest overall less stress on the modern human foot. This study also has the potential to inform the health sciences and general public about biocultural contributors to modern foot health.
Sperm intrusion into the implantation-stage blastocyst and its potential biological significance
Authors: Sengupta Jayasree , Kroneis Thomas , Boddy Amy M , Roy Rahul , Sarkar Anish , Sarkar Deepayan , Ghosh Debabrata , Huppertz Berthold 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The human embryo derives from fusion of oocyte and sperm, undergoes growth and differentiation, resulting in a blastocyst. To initiate implantation, the blastocyst hatches from the zona pellucida, allowing access from external inputs. Modelling of uterine sperm distribution indicates that 200–5000 sperm cells may reach the implantation-stage blastocyst following natural coitus. We show ultrastructural evidence of sperm cells intruding into trophectoderm cells of zona-free blastocysts obtained from the uterus of rhesus monkeys. Interaction between additional sperm and zona-free blastocyst could be an evolutionary feature yielding adaptive processes influencing the developmental fate of embryos. This process bears potential implications in pregnancy success, sperm competition and human health.
Comparison of the performance of cardiovascular risk prediction tools in rural India: the Rishi Valley Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Birhanu Mulugeta Molla , Zengin Ayse , Evans Roger G , Joshi Rohina , Kalyanram Kartik , Kartik Kamakshi , Danaei Goodarz , Barr Elizabeth , Riddell Michaela A , Suresh Oduru , Srikanth Velandai K , Arabshahi Simin , Thomas Nihal , Thrift Amanda G 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Aims
We compared the performance of cardiovascular risk prediction tools in rural India.

Methods and results
We applied the World Health Organization Risk Score (WHO-RS) tools, Australian Risk Score (ARS), and Global risk (Globorisk) prediction tools to participants aged 40–74 years, without prior cardiovascular disease, in the Rishi Valley Prospective Cohort Study, Andhra Pradesh, India. Cardiovascular events during the 5-year follow-up period were identified by verbal autopsy (fatal events) or self-report (non-fatal events). The predictive performance of each tool was assessed by discrimination and calibration. Sensitivity and specificity of each tool for identifying high-risk individuals were assessed using a risk score cut-off of 10% alone or this 10% cut-off plus clinical risk criteria of diabetes in those aged &gt;60 years, high blood pressure, or high cholesterol. Among 2333 participants (10 731 person-years of follow-up), 102 participants developed a cardiovascular event. The 5-year observed risk was 4.4% (95% confidence interval: 3.6–5.3). The WHO-RS tools underestimated cardiovascular risk but the ARS overestimated risk, particularly in men. Both the laboratory-based (C-statistic: 0.68 and χ2: 26.5, P = 0.003) and non–laboratory-based (C-statistic: 0.69 and χ2: 20.29, P = 0.003) Globorisk tools showed relatively good discrimination and agreement. Addition of clinical criteria to a 10% risk score cut-off improved the diagnostic accuracy of all tools.

Conclusion
Cardiovascular risk prediction tools performed disparately in a setting of disadvantage in rural India, with the Globorisk performing best. Addition of clinical criteria to a 10% risk score cut-off aids assessment of risk of a cardiovascular event in rural India.

Lay Summary
In a cohort of people without prior cardiovascular disease, tools used to predict the risk of cardiovascular events varied widely in their ability to accurately predict who would develop a cardiovascular event.The Globorisk, and to a lesser extent the ARS, tools could be appropriate for this setting in rural India.Adding clinical criteria, such as sustained high blood pressure, to a cut-off of 10% risk of a cardiovascular event within 5 years could improve identification of individuals who should be monitored closely and provided with appropriate preventive medications.
Leg strength and incidence of heart failure in patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Ueno Kensuke , Kamiya Kentaro , Hamazaki Nobuaki , Nozaki Kohei , Ichikawa Takafumi , Yamashita Masashi , Uchida Shota , Noda Takumi , Miki Takashi , Hotta Kazuki , Maekawa Emi , Yamaoka-Tojo Minako , Matsunaga Atsuhiko , Ako Junya 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Aims
The risk of developing heart failure (HF) after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains high. It is unclear whether skeletal muscle strength, in addition to existing risk factors, is a predictor for developing HF after ACS. We aimed to clarify the relationship between quadriceps isometric strength (QIS), a skeletal muscle strength indicator, and the risk of developing HF in patients with ACS.

Methods and results
We included 1053 patients with ACS without a prior HF or complications of HF during hospitalization. The median (interquartile range) age was 67 (57–74) years. The patients were classified into two groups—high and low QIS—using the sex-specific median QIS. The endpoint was HF admissions. During a mean follow-up period of 4.4 ± 3.7 years, 75 (7.1%) HF admissions were observed. After multivariate adjustment, a high QIS was associated with a lower risk of HF [hazard ratio: 0.52, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.32–0.87]. Hazard ratio (95% CI) per 5% body weight increment increase of QIS for HF incidents was 0.87 (0.80–0.95). Even when competing risks of death were taken into account, the results did not change. The inclusion of QIS was associated with increases in net reclassification improvement (0.26; 95% CI: 0.002–0.52) and an integrated discrimination index (0.01; 95% CI: 0.004–0.02) for HF.

Conclusion
The present study showed that a higher level of QIS was strongly associated with a lower risk of developing HF after ACS. These findings suggest that skeletal muscle strength could be one of the factors contributing to the risk of developing HF after ACS.
Microcystis blooms caused the decreasing richness of and interactions between free-living microbial functional genes in Lake Taihu, China
Authors: Wu Qiong , Yu Chunyan , Liu Yanru , Xing Peng , Li Huabing , Li Biao , Wan Shiqiang , Wu Qinglong L 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Microcystis blooms have a marked effect on microbial taxonomical diversity in eutrophic lakes, but their influence on the composition of microbial functional genes is still unclear. In this study, the free-living microbial functional genes (FMFG) composition was investigated in the period before Microcystis blooms (March) and during Microcystis blooms (July) using a comprehensive functional gene array (GeoChip 5.0). The composition and richness of FMFG in the water column was significantly different between these two periods. The FMFG in March was enriched in the functional categories of nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus cycling, whereas the FMFG in July was enriched in carbon cycling, organic remediation, and metal homeostasis. Molecular ecological network analysis further demonstrated fewer functional gene interactions and reduced complexity in July than in March. Module hubs of the March network were mediated by functional genes associated with carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus, whereas those in July by a metal homeostasis functional gene. We also observed stronger deterministic processes in the FMFG assembly in July than in March. Collectively, this study demonstrated that Microcystis blooms induced significant changes in FMFG composition and metabolic potential, and abundance—information, which can support the understanding and management of biogeochemical cycling in eutrophic lake ecosystems.
Amino acid-based enteral nutrition is effective for pediatric Crohn’s disease: a multicenter prospective study
Authors: Yang Qingfan , Zhang Ting , Diao Na , Chao Kang , Shu Huijun , Wu Jie , Guan Dexiu , Wang Li , Xu Xiwei , Li Zhenghong , Gao Xiang 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) therapy effectively induces remission in pediatric Crohn’s disease (CD). However, this may depend on the type of enteral formula used. Moreover, data on the efficacy of amino acid-based EEN are limited. Thus, we aimed to prospectively evaluate the efficacy of amino acid-based formulas for EEN in pediatric patients with active CD.

Methods
Patients with active CD aged between 6 and 17 years were recruited into this prospective study from four hospitals in China between March 2019 and December 2021. Patients received EEN for 8 weeks. Inflammatory and nutrition-associated indices were evaluated at 0, 4, and 8 weeks after treatment. Paired t-tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to compare continuous and categorical variables before and after intervention, respectively.

Results
Twenty-four patients were included in the analysis. After an 8-week intervention period, the CD activity index significantly decreased (26.3 ± 12.2 vs 7.1 ± 8.3, P &lt; 0.001). Most patients (66.7%) achieved complete clinical remission. Among the 22 patients who had ulcers and erosions diagnosed endoscopically at baseline, 10 (45.5%) achieved complete mucosal healing. The degree of thickening of the intestinal wall was significantly reduced after EEN intervention, with a transmural healing rate of 42.9%. Furthermore, the serum inflammatory markers decreased and there was a significant improvement in the nutrition-related indices (P &lt; 0.05). There were no severe adverse effects.

Conclusions
Amino acid-based EEN is effective and safe for treating pediatric-onset CD. Studies with larger sample sizes and mechanistic and follow-up studies are required to further validate these findings.
Estimating Muscle Mass Using D3-Creatine Dilution: A Narrative Review of Clinical Implications and Comparison With Other Methods
Authors: Pagano Ana Paula , Montenegro Julia , Oliveira Camila L P , Desai Nidhi , Gonzalez M Cristina , Cawthon Peggy M , Evans William J , Prado Carla M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
The D3-creatine (D3-Cr) dilution method is of emerging interest for estimating total-body skeletal muscle mass. This review explores the association of muscle mass estimated via D3-Cr with various clinical outcomes and provides a summary of the literature comparing D3-Cr with other body composition techniques.

Methods
A literature search was conducted on PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science for studies using D3-Cr to measure muscle in adult populations (ie, ≥18 years old) from inception until September 2023.

Results
Out of the 23 included studies, 15 investigated the correlation between D3-Cr and clinical outcomes. More consistent associations were reported for mortality (100%, n = 2), mobility disability (100%; n = 5), falls and fractures (100%; n = 3), physical performance (63.3%; n = 11), muscle strength (44.4%; n = 9), and muscle composition (33.3%; n = 3). However, conflicting findings were also reported for such correlations. Among the 23 studies, 14 compared D3-Cr-estimated muscle with other body composition techniques, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a reference method. Strong and positive correlations were found between D3-Cr and MRI. Nonetheless, variations in muscle measurements were noted, with differences in D3-Cr values ranging from 0.62 kg lower to 13.47 kg higher compared to MRI.

Conclusions
D3-Cr-estimated muscle mass may be a valuable predictor of clinical outcomes showing consistent associations with falls and fractures, mobility disability, and mortality. However, less consistent associations were found with muscle strength and composition, and physical performance. Although a strong correlation exists between D3-Cr-estimated muscle mass and MRI measurements, under- or overestimation may occur.
Social security in late medieval England: corrodies in the hospitals and almshouses of Durham Priory
Authors: Brown A T 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Historians have debated the extent of poor relief and social security provision in late medieval England, yet our knowledge about the inmates of hospitals and almshouses remains limited. Corrodies – grants of food, clothes and shelter – have been seen as a way of alleviating poverty in old age. Utilizing the evidence of 260 corrodies, this article explores the gender, marital status and length of time recipients held their positions in two hospitals and two almshouses in Durham. Far from catering just to ageing male retainers, as is often thought, corrodies provided security for men and women of all ages.
ABA-CsABI5-CsCalS11 module upregulates Callose deposition of citrus infected with Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus
Authors: Yao Lixiao , Guo Xingru , Su Juan , Zhang Qingwen , Lian Mengyao , Xue Hao , Li Qiang , He Yongrui , Zou Xiuping , Song Zhen , Chen Shanchun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB) primarily caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) has been threatening citrus production globally. Under HLB conditions, an excessive accumulation of the polysaccharide callose in citrus phloem occurs, leading to phloem blockage and starch accumulation in leaves. The callose production is controlled by callose synthases (CalS), which have multiple members within plants. However, the knowledge of callose production in the citrus upon infection with CLas is limited. In this study, we firstly identified 11 CalSs in the Citrus sinensis genome through bioinformatics and found the expression pattern of CsCalS11 exhibited a positive correlation with callose deposition in CLas-infected leaves (correlation coefficient of 0.77, P ≤ 0.05). Knockdown of CsCalS11 resulted in a reduction of callose deposition and starch accumulation in CLas-infected citrus. Interestingly, we observed significantly higher concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA) in HLB-infected citrus leaves compared to uninfected ones. Furthermore, the expressions of CsABI5, CsPYR, and CsSnRK2 in the ABA pathway substantially increased in citrus leaves upon CLas infection. Additionally, the expression of CsCalS11 was significantly upregulated in citrus leaves following the application of exogenous ABA. We confirmed that CsABI5, a pivotal component of the ABA signaling pathway, regulates CsCalS11 expression by binding to its promoter using yeast one-hybrid assay, dual luciferase assay, and transient expression in citrus leaves. In conclusion, our findings strongly suggest that the CsABI5-CsCalS11 module plays a crucial role in regulating callose deposition through the ABA signaling pathway during CLas infection. The results also revealed new function of the ABA signaling pathway in plants under biotic stress.
Learning Goals in Simulations
Authors: Levin-Banchik Luba 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Why do scholar–teachers use simulations? This study presents an analysis of simulation goals in peer-reviewed simulations published over the past 20 years. The scholarship of teaching and learning emphasizes that educational goals are an essential first step in designing simulations. The flexibility of simulation designs allows the formulation of a variety of content-based, skill-based, and emotion-based goals. However, which of these goals are more prevalent in published simulations of political science and international relations? Is there a change in the stated simulation objectives over time? And do scholar–teachers outline simulation goals in the first place? This study answers these questions by collecting and analyzing data on the stated simulation objectives in a random sample of eighty-seven simulations published in the Journal of Political Science Education (2005–2021), International Studies Perspectives (2000–2021), and PS: Political Science and Politics (2000–2021). The key finding is that the simulation community is doing well and, over time, is making progress in outlining and diversifying the intended learning outcomes of simulations. What is still needed, however, is a greater recognition of the emotional impacts of simulations and their potential to advance not only student substantive knowledge but also their skills and emotional experiences, with all three in the same simulation design.
Development and external validation of multimodal postoperative acute kidney injury risk machine learning models
Authors: Karway George K , Koyner Jay L , Caskey John , Spicer Alexandra B , Carey Kyle A , Gilbert Emily R , Dligach Dmitriy , Mayampurath Anoop , Afshar Majid , Churpek Matthew M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To develop and externally validate machine learning models using structured and unstructured electronic health record data to predict postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) across inpatient settings.

Materials and Methods
Data for adult postoperative admissions to the Loyola University Medical Center (2009-2017) were used for model development and admissions to the University of Wisconsin-Madison (2009-2020) were used for validation. Structured features included demographics, vital signs, laboratory results, and nurse-documented scores. Unstructured text from clinical notes were converted into concept unique identifiers (CUIs) using the clinical Text Analysis and Knowledge Extraction System. The primary outcome was the development of Kidney Disease Improvement Global Outcomes stage 2 AKI within 7 days after leaving the operating room. We derived unimodal extreme gradient boosting machines (XGBoost) and elastic net logistic regression (GLMNET) models using structured-only data and multimodal models combining structured data with CUI features. Model comparison was performed using the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), with Delong’s test for statistical differences.

Results
The study cohort included 138 389 adult patient admissions (mean [SD] age 58 [16] years; 11 506 [8%] African-American; and 70 826 [51%] female) across the 2 sites. Of those, 2959 (2.1%) developed stage 2 AKI or higher. Across all data types, XGBoost outperformed GLMNET (mean AUROC 0.81 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.80-0.82] vs 0.78 [95% CI, 0.77-0.79]). The multimodal XGBoost model incorporating CUIs parameterized as term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) showed the highest discrimination performance (AUROC 0.82 [95% CI, 0.81-0.83]) over unimodal models (AUROC 0.79 [95% CI, 0.78-0.80]).

Discussion
A multimodality approach with structured data and TF-IDF weighting of CUIs increased model performance over structured data-only models.

Conclusion
These findings highlight the predictive power of CUIs when merged with structured data for clinical prediction models, which may improve the detection of postoperative AKI.
Sugar Profile Method by High-Performance Anion-Exchange Chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric Detection in Food, Dietary Supplements, Pet Food, and Animal Feeds: Interlaboratory Validation Study, Final Action 2018.16
Authors: Ruosch Andrew J , Ellingson David J 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
A method for sugar profile analysis granted First Action 2018.16 was subjected to a multi-laboratory study.

Objective
Perform a multi-laboratory study with this method to determine the performance parameters of repeatability and reproducibility against the AOAC Standard Method Performance Requirements (AOAC SMPR 2018.001) for Final Action status.

Methods
Eleven laboratories from three different countries participated in the study. Each laboratory was provided practice materials for successful method setup. Each laboratory then proceeded with analysis of blind duplicates of 10 different products covering the scope of the method. Results were reported to the study directors with any modifications and assessed following the procedures of Appendix D of the AOAC Official Methods of AnalysisSM (guidelines for collaborative study procedures).

Results
The majority of results from the study met the SMPR requirements. The data is presented along with any outlying observations or modifications. The method was proven to be flexible across different instrumentation and laboratories, and the method was updated to provide further system suitability and guidelines to maintain the performance of the method across the large scope of matrixes.

Conclusion
The results from the collaborative study supported the method for Final Action status. The Expert Review Panel reviewed and voted to move the method forward to Final Action and was followed by review from the Official Methods Board and granted approval.

Highlights
The method was granted Final Action Official Methods status.
Protein degraders - from thalidomide to new PROTACs
Authors: Ito Takumi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Recently, the development of protein degraders (protein-degrading compounds) has prominently progressed. There are two remarkable classes of protein degraders: proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) and molecular glue degraders (MGDs). Almost 70 years have passed since thalidomide was initially developed as a sedative-hypnotic drug, which is currently recognized as one of the most well-known MGDs. During the last two decades, a myriad of PROTACs and MGDs have been developed, and the molecular mechanism of action (MOA) of thalidomide was basically elucidated, including identifying its molecular target cereblon (CRBN). CRBN forms a Cullin Ring Ligase 4 with Cul4 and DDB1, whose substrate specificity is controlled by its binding ligands. Thalidomide, lenalidomide and pomalidomide, three CRBN-binding MGDs, were clinically approved to treat several intractable diseases (including multiple myeloma). Several other MGDs and CRBN-based PROTACs (ARV-110 and AVR-471) are undergoing clinical trials. In addition, several new related technologies regarding PROTACs and MGDs have also been developed, and achievements of protein degraders impact not only therapeutic fields but also basic biological science. In this article, I introduce the history of protein degraders, from the development of thalidomide to the latest PROTACs and related technologies.