bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AtXTH27 plays an essential role in cell wall modification during the development of tracheary elements
Authors: Matsui Akihiro , Yokoyama Ryusuke , Seki Motoaki , Ito Takuya , Shinozaki Kazuo , Takahashi Taku , Komeda Yoshibumi , Nishitani Kazuhiko 
Published: April 2005

SummaryXyloglucan endotransglucosylases/hydrolases (XTHs) are a class of enzymes capable of catalyzing the molecular grafting between xyloglucans and/or the endotype hydrolysis of a xyloglucan molecule. They are encoded by 33 genes in Arabidopsis. Whereas recent studies have revealed temporally and spatially specific expression profiles for individual members of this family in plants, their biological roles are still to be clarified. To identify the role of each member of this gene family, we examined phenotypes of mutants in which each of the Arabidopsis XTH genes was disrupted. This was undertaken using a reverse genetic approach, and disclosed two loss‐of‐function mutants for the AtXTH27 gene, xth27‐1 and xth27‐2. These exhibited short‐shaped tracheary elements in tertiary veins, and reduced the number of tertiary veins in the first leaf. In mature rosette leaves of the mutant, yellow lesion‐mimic spots were also observed. Upon genetic complementation by introducing the wild‐type XTH27 gene into xth27‐1 mutant plants, the number of tertiary veins was restored, and the lesions disappeared completely. Extensive expression of the pXTH27::GUS fusion gene was observed in immature tracheary elements in the rosette leaves. The highest level of AtXTH27 mRNA expression in the rosette leaves was observed during leaf expansion, when the tracheary elements were elongating. These findings indicate that AtXTH27 plays an essential role during the generation of tracheary elements in the rosette leaves of Arabidopsis.
Primary care nurses using guidelines in Thailand: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Pagaiya Nonglak , Garner Paul 
Published: April 2005

SummaryBackground  Nurses run primary health centres in Thailand. We examined whether clinical guidelines improved the quality of the care they provide.Methods  Eighteen nurse‐led health centres randomized to (a) guidelines, receiving a training workshop plus educational outreach visit, with guidelines for children (acute respiratory tract infection and diarrhoea) and adults (diazepam prescribing and diabetes management) or (b) usual care. Outcomes were changes at 6 months in antibiotic use, diazepam prescribing, drug costs per patient, and a composite process index for diabetes care.Results  Baseline prescribing was high for antibiotics (37% of all attendees), and no difference between intervention and control sites was detected at follow‐up for this variable. In children (0–5 years old), antibiotics were widely used for acute respiratory tract infection (34%), and fell with guidelines (intervention: 42% at baseline to 27% at follow‐up; control: 27–30%, P = 0.022), with an associated fall in drug costs per patient. Antibiotics were widely prescribed for diarrhoea in children (91%), but no change was detected with guidelines. In adults, diazepam prescribing at baseline was high (17%), and fell in the guidelines group (intervention: 17–10%; control 21–18%; P = 0.029). Diabetes care was generally good, and changed little with guidelines.Conclusion  Staff at primary health centres over‐prescribe antibiotics in children and tranquilizer in adults. Clinical guidelines implemented with workshops and educational outreach visits improved some but not all aspects of prescribing in the short‐term.
Evaluation of antiretroviral therapy results in a resource‐poor setting in Blantyre, Malawi
Authors: Van Oosterhout Joep J. , Bodasing Neena , Kumwenda Johnstone J. , Nyirenda Cooper , Mallewa Jane , Cleary Paul R. , De Baar Michel P. , Schuurman Rob , Burger David M. , Zijlstra Eduard E. 
Published: April 2005

SummaryObjective  To evaluate treatment results of the paying antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinic of Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, a large public and teaching hospital in Blantyre, Malawi. The only ART was a fixed drug combination of stavudine, lamivudine and nevirapine.Methods  Cross sectional study with interviews, laboratory tests (CD4 count, viral load, nevirapine plasma levels, transaminases) and data extraction from files.Results  A total of 422 (59%) of the patients who started ART since 2000 were lost to follow‐up. The 176 patients enrolled in the study had good virological and excellent clinical treatment results. The most common side effect was peripheral neuropathy. Nevirapine plasma levels were remarkably high and associated with successful virological treatment results. Two simple adherence questions pertaining to the use of medication in the previous 8 days corresponded well with nevirapine levels. The most important reasons for non‐adherence were shortage of drugs in the hospital pharmacy and personal financial constraints.Conclusions  (1) Many patients were lost to follow‐up. (2) High nevirapine levels contributed to good therapy results in those studied. (3) Simple adherence questions predicted subtherapeutic nevirapine levels. (4) Antiretroviral drug supply needs to be uninterrupted and free of charge, to prevent avoidable non‐adherence.
Limits to the estimation of species richness: The use of relative abundance distributions
Authors: Ulrich Werner , Ollik Marcin 
Published: April 2005

ABSTRACTThe present study demonstrates the possibility of estimating species numbers of animal or plant communities from samples using relative abundance distributions. We use log‐abundance–species‐rank order plots and derive two new estimators that are based on log‐series and lognormal distributions. At small to moderate sample sizes these estimators appear to be more precise than previous parametric and nonparametric estimators. We test our estimators using samples from 171 published medium‐sized to large animal and plant communities taken from the literature. By this we show that our new estimators define also limits of precision.
Informed choice and public health screening for children: the case of blood spot screening
Authors: Hargreaves Katrina M. , Stewart Ruth J. , Oliver Sandy R. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractObjective  To examine parents’ and health professionals’ views on informed choice in newborn blood spot screening, and assess information and communication needs.Design and participants  A qualitative study involving semi‐structured telephone interviews and focus groups with 47 parents of children who were either found to be affected or unaffected by the screened conditions, and 35 health professionals with differing roles in newborn blood spot screening programmes across the UK.Results and conclusions  Parents and health professionals recognize a tension between informed choice in newborn blood spot screening and public health screening for children. Some propose resolving this tension with more information and better communication, and some with rigorous dissent procedures. This paper argues that neither extensive parent information, nor a signed dissent model adequately address this tension. Instead, clear, brief and accurate parent information and effective communication between health professionals and parents, which take into account parents’ information needs, are required, if informed choice and public health screening for children are to coexist successfully.
A DOOYEWEERD‐BASED APPROACH TO REGIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Authors: AAY HENK , VAN LANGEVELDE AB 
Published: April 2005

ABSTRACTWithin regional science there is a need for a general theory of regional economic development, one that evaluates and integrates existing approaches. In this paper, the philosophy of Herman Dooyeweerd is used as a basis for conceptualising the contours of such a theory. Contributions of this philosophy especially relevant for regional economic development are functional pluralism and non‐reductionism, interweaving among entities, a broad understanding of the human person and built‐in normativity. While all the aspects are significant in regional economic development, the spatial aspect is singled out for particular attention. Dooyeweerd's philosophy is able to incorporate existing approaches to regional economic development though not without criticising and revising them.
Comparison of Computer‐Assisted Surgery with Conventional Technique for the Treatment of Axial Distal Phalanx Fractures in Horses: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Andritzky Juliane , Rossol Melanie , Lischer Christoph , Auer Joerg A. 
Published: April 2005

Objectives— To compare the precision obtained with computer‐assisted screw insertion for treatment of mid‐sagittal articular fractures of the distal phalanx (P3) with results achieved with a conventional technique.Study Design— In vitro experimental study.Sample Population— Thirty‐two cadaveric equine limbs.Methods— Four groups of 8 limbs were studied. Either 1 or 2 screws were inserted perpendicular to an imaginary axial fracture of P3 using computer‐assisted surgery (CAS) or conventional technique. Screw insertion time, predetermined screw length, inserted screw length, fit of the screw, and errors in placement were recorded.Results— CAS technique took 15–20 minutes longer but resulted in greater precision of screw length and placement compared with the conventional technique.Conclusion— Improved precision in screw insertion with CAS makes insertion of 2 screws possible for repair of mid‐sagittal P3 fractures.Clinical Relevance— CAS although expensive improves precision in screw insertion into P3 and consequently should yield improved clinical outcome.
Destructive Lesions of the Proximal Sesamoid Bones as a Complication of Dorsal Metatarsal Artery Catheterization in Three Horses
Authors: Barr Elizabeth D. , Clegg Peter D. , Mark Senior J. , Singer Ellen R. 
Published: April 2005

Objective—To describe focal destructive lesions of the proximal sesamoid bones (PSBs) as a complication of dorsal metatarsal artery catheterization performed for direct blood pressure monitoring during equine general anesthesia.Study Design—Retrospective study.Animals—Three client‐owned horses.Methods—A dorsal metatarsal artery was catheterized in each of 3 horses for direct blood pressure monitoring during anesthesia. Radiography, ultrasonography, synoviocentesis, and arthroscopy were used to diagnose postoperative lameness that occurred in the limb used for blood pressure monitoring.Results—Horses developed severe lameness, localized to the fetlock region of the catheterized limb within 21 days of surgery. Antibiotic therapy was administered. Surgical debridement was possible in 1 horse. Two horses that had lesions that were inaccessible, failed to respond to medical management and were euthanatized. The 3rd horse that had surgical debridement of affected bone, survived. Changes in hospital protocol, by improving aseptic technique during catheter insertion and use of new manometer tubing and heparinized saline for each arterial catheter inserted in the dorsal metatarsal artery, have eliminated this complication.Conclusions—Diagnosis and treatment of destructive lesions of the PSB were difficult. Strict aseptic technique should be followed during insertion of arterial catheters.Clinical Relevance—Focal destructive lesions of the PSB subsequent to dorsal metatarsal arterial catheterization is a rare but serious complication of equine anesthesia.
Regularization of nonlinear Ill-posed equations with accretive operators
Authors: Alber YaI , Chidume CE , Zegeye H 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe study the regularization methods for solving equations with arbitrary accretive operators. We establish the strong convergence of these methods and their stability with respect to perturbations of operators and constraint sets in Banach spaces. Our research is motivated by the fact that the fixed point problems with nonexpansive mappings are namely reduced to such equations. Other important examples of applications are evolution equations and co-variational inequalities in Banach spaces.
Quality of life in children newly diagnosed with cancer and their mothers
Authors: Eiser Christine , Eiser J Richard , Stride Christopher B 
Published: April 2005

Abstract

Background
With current treatments, approximately 75% of children diagnosed with cancer can expect to achieve disease-free survival. However, treatments are complex and aggressive, potentially compromising QOL for children and their parents. Although previous work has shown increased anxiety and depression among parents after diagnosis, the recent development of standardised measures of QOL enables us to look more directly at the impact of diagnosis on mothers' and children's QOL. The aims of this study are to i) describe QOL for children and their mothers after diagnosis by comparing their scores with population norms, ii) explore the relationship between mothers' worries about the illness and their QOL, and iii) determine the relationship between mothers ratings of their own QOL and their child.

Method
A total of 87 families took part, constituting 60% of those eligible. The children included 58 males and 29 females aged between 2 years 6 months to 16 years 3 months (mean = 7 years, median = 5 years 8 months). Diagnoses were acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL, n = 57), brain tumours (n = 11), bone tumours (n = 17) and 2 rare cancers. Mothers completed questionnaires about their own and the child's QOL.

Results
Mothers' reported their own and the child's QOL to be significantly lower than population norms. There were significant correlations between mothers' worries and their own and their ratings of the child's QOL and mothers' ratings of their own QOL correlated with their ratings of the child's QOL.

Conclusion
Both children and their mothers experience significantly compromised QOL in the months following diagnosis. Mothers who rated their own QOL to be poor also rate their child's QOL to be low. These results suggest caution is required where mothers rate their child's QOL. Efforts must continue to be made to improve QOL of children especially in the period immediately following diagnosis.
COVID-19 in Pediatric Patients With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia or Lymphoma
Authors: Hashmi Saman K. , Bodea Jessica , Patni Tushar , Angel Savannah , Bhakta Nickhill H. , Jeha Sima , Karol Seth E. , Ribeiro Raul C. , Rubnitz Jeffrey E. , Wolf Joshua , Li Yimei , Pui Ching-Hon , Hijano Diego R. , Inaba Hiroto 
Published: February 2024

ImportanceCOVID-19 in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia or lymphoma (ALL/LLy) has not been described in detail and may affect chemotherapy administration and long-term outcomes.ObjectiveTo describe the clinical presentation of COVID-19 and chemotherapy modifications in pediatric patients with ALL/LLy.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis is a retrospective case series of patients at St Jude Children’s Research Hospital and its affiliate sites with newly diagnosed ALL/LLy who were treated on the Total XVII protocol (NCT03117751) between March 30, 2020, and June 20, 2022. Participants included patients aged 1 to 18 years who were receiving protocol chemotherapy. Acute symptoms and chemotherapy modifications were evaluated for 60 days after the COVID-19 diagnosis, and viral clearance, adverse events, and second SARS-CoV-2 infections were followed up during the 27-month study period.ExposuresSARS-CoV-2; all patients were screened at least weekly and at symptom onset and/or after known exposure to SARS-CoV-2.Main Outcomes and MeasuresDescription of the spectrum of COVID-19 illness and chemotherapy modifications.ResultsOf 308 pediatric patients, 110 (36%) developed COVID-19 at a median age of 8.2 (IQR, 5.3-14.5) years. Sixty-eight patients (62%) were male. Most patients were in the continuation/maintenance phase of chemotherapy (101 [92%]). Severe disease was rare (7 [6%]) but was associated with older age, higher white blood cell counts at ALL/LLy diagnosis, lower absolute lymphocyte counts at COVID-19 diagnosis, abnormal chest imaging findings, and SARS-CoV-2 reinfection. Rare but serious thrombotic events included pulmonary embolism and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (n = 1 for each). No multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children or death was seen. SARS-CoV-2 reinfection occurred in 11 patients (10%) and was associated with older age and with receiving standard or high-risk vs low-risk ALL/LLy therapy. Chemotherapy interruptions occurred in 96 patients (87%) and were longer for patients with severe disease, SARS-CoV-2 reinfection, and/or a COVID-19 diagnosis during the pre-Omicron variant period vs the post-Omicron period (after December 27, 2021).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this case series of COVID-19 in pediatric patients with ALL/LLy, severe COVID-19 was rare, but chemotherapy administration was affected in most patients. Long-term studies are needed to establish the outcomes of COVID-19 in this population.
Novel RAF‐directed approaches to overcome current clinical limits and block the RAS/RAF node
Authors: Scardaci Rossella , Berlinska Ewa , Scaparone Pietro , Vietti Michelina Sandra , Garbo Edoardo , Novello Silvia , Santamaria David , Ambrogio Chiara 
Published: February 2024

Mutations in the RAS–RAF–MEK–ERK pathway are frequent alterations in cancer and RASopathies, and while RAS oncogene activation alone affects 19% of all patients and accounts for approximately 3.4 million new cases every year, less frequent alterations in the cascade's downstream effectors are also involved in cancer etiology. RAS proteins initiate the signaling cascade by promoting the dimerization of RAF kinases, which can act as oncoproteins as well: BRAFV600E is the most common oncogenic driver, mutated in the 8% of all malignancies. Research in this field led to the development of drugs that target the BRAFV600‐like mutations (Class I), which are now utilized in clinics, but cause paradoxical activation of the pathway and resistance development. Furthermore, they are ineffective against non‐BRAFV600E malignancies that dimerize and could be either RTK/RAS independent or dependent (Class II and III, respectively), which are still lacking an effective treatment. This review discusses the recent advances in anti‐RAF therapies, including paradox breakers, dimer‐inhibitors, immunotherapies, and other novel approaches, critically evaluating their efficacy in overcoming the therapeutic limitations, and their putative role in blocking the RAS pathway.
Testing the efficacy of the cognitive interview to road traffic accident investigations
Authors: Maulina Dewi , Irwanda Diandra Yasmine , Guritnaningsih  , Otgaar Henry , Nurfajriah Dela Septiana , Armas La Ode Muhammad Alwi , Dewi Aliqa Impuni 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn the current set of experiments, we examined the effectiveness of the Cognitive Interview (CI) on memory for traffic accidents. Three online experiments were conducted among Indonesian young motorcyclists who had an accident experience. Participants were interviewed about their most memorable accident experience, either with a CI or a Standard Interview (SI) method (Experiment 1). We added the time delay as the second independent variable (less than a month versus between 6 and 10 months) in Experiment 2. In Experiment 3, the interview methods were compared across two age groups (adolescents versus young adults). In all experiments, the CI led to more event‐related and peripheral recall than the SI. Furthermore, this effect persisted even when the event happened a long time ago and was replicated in both age groups. Our results show empirical evidence for the effectiveness of the CI in a traffic accident context, especially in a non‐WEIRD country.
Self‐Assembly of 2D Polyphthalocyanine in Lysosome Enables Multienzyme Activity Enhancement to Induce Tumor Ferroptosis
Authors: Rong Mingjie , Liu Jian , Lu Lehui 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNanozymes show great potential in facilitating tumor ferroptosis by upregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and downregulation of glutathione (GSH). However, mild acidity (pH 6.5–6.9) of tumor microenvironment severely restricts the activity of nanozymes. Although lysosomes as acidic organelles (pH = 3.5–5.5) are hopeful for improving enzyme‐like activity, most reported nanozymes are not capable of effectively accumulating in the lysosomes. Herein, an acid‐responsive self‐assembly strategy based on iron phthalocyanine‐rich covalent organic framework nanosheets (COFFePc NSs) is developed, which enables lysosomal targeting aggregation of COFFePc NSs due to the existence of abundant negative hydroxyl groups and rigid structure. Meanwhile, COFFePc NSs display exceptional multienzyme‐mimic performance at lower pH to efficiently generate ROS to cause lysosome damage and apoptosis by synergistic photothermal effect. Subsequently, the released COFFePc with GSH oxidase‐mimicking activity can consume GSH to promote ferroptosis. This is the first report of a 2D COF using its own properties to achieve lysosomal self‐assembly. Overall, the work provides a new paradigm for the development of lysosome‐targeted nanosystems.
Nanomedicine Tumor Targeting
Authors: Lammers Twan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNanomedicines are extensively explored for cancer therapy. By delivering drug molecules more efficiently to pathological sites and by attenuating their accumulation in healthy organs and tissues, nanomedicine formulations aim to improve the balance between drug efficacy and toxicity. More than 20 cancer nanomedicines are approved for clinical use, and hundreds of formulations are in (pre)clinical development. Over the years, several key pitfalls have been identified as bottlenecks in nanomedicine tumor targeting and translation. These go beyond materials‐ and production‐related issues, and particularly also encompass biological barriers and pathophysiological heterogeneity. In this manuscript, the author describes the most important principles, progress, and products in nanomedicine tumor targeting, delineates key current problems and challenges, and discusses the most promising future prospects to create clinical impact.
Enhancing Stability and Efficiency of Inverted Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells with In‐Situ Interfacial Cross‐Linked Modifier
Authors: Xu Tianfei , Xiang Wanchun , Ru Xiaoning , Wang Zezhang , Liu Yali , Li Nan , Xu Haojie , Liu Shengzhong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractInverted inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is potential as the top cells in tandem configurations, owing to the ideal bandgap, good thermal and light stability of inorganic perovskites. However, challenges such as mismatch of energy levels between charge transport layer and perovskite, significant non‐radiative recombination caused by surface defects, and poor water stability have led to the urgent need for further improvement in the performance of inverted inorganic PSCs. Herein, the fabrication of efficient and stable CsPbI3−xBrx PSCs through surface treatment of (3‐mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane (MPTS), is reported. The silane groups in MPTS can in situ crosslink in the presence of moisture to build a 3‐dimensional (3D) network by Si‐O‐Si bonds, which forms a hydrophobic layer on perovskite surface to inhibit water invasion. Additionally, ‐SH can strongly interact with the undercoordinated Pb2+ at the perovskite surface, effectively minimizing interfacial charge recombination. Consequently, the efficiency of the inverted inorganic PSCs improves dramatically from 19.0% to 21.0% under 100 mW cm−2 illumination with MPTS treatment. Remarkably, perovskite films with crosslinked MPTS exhibit superior stability when soaking in water. The optimized PSC maintains 91% of its initial efficiency after aging 1000 h in ambient atmosphere, and 86% in 800 h of operational stability testing.