bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic dosing and targeting efficacy of Pt-Mal-LHRH towards triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Ndinguri Margaret , Middleton Lisa , Unrine Jason , Lui Shu , Rollins Joseph , Nienaber Emma , Spease Cassidy , Williams Aggie , Cormier Lindsay 
Published: October 2023

Objective
Pt-Mal-LHRH is a newly synthesized chemotherapeutic agent that was designed to selectively target the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) receptor expressed by triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic dosing, tumor reduction efficacy, and selective distribution of Pt-Mal-LHRH in-vivo.

Methods and results
LHRH tissue expression levels in-vivo were investigated using western blotting and LHRH was found to be increased in reproductive tissues (mammary, ovary, uterus). Further, Pt-Mal-LHRH was found to have increased TNBC tumor tissue platinum accumulation compared to carboplatin by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis. The platinum family, compound carboplatin, was selected for comparison due to its similar chemical structure and molar equivalent doses were evaluated. Moreover, in-vivo distribution data indicated selective targeting of Pt-Mal-LHRH by enhanced reproductive tissue accumulation compared to carboplatin. Further, TNBC tumor growth was found to be significantly attenuated by Pt-Mal-LHRH compared to carboplatin in both the 4T1 and MDA-MB-231 tumor models. There was a significant reduction in tumor volume in the 4T1 tumor across Pt-Mal-LHRH doses (2.5–20 mg/kg/wk) and in the MDA-MB-231 tumor at the dose of 10 mg/kg/wk in models conducted by an independent contract testing laboratory.

Conclusion
Our data indicates Pt-Mal-LHRH is a targeting chemotherapeutic agent towards the LHRH receptor and reduces TNBC tumor growth in-vivo. This study supports drug conjugation design models using the LHRH hormone for chemotherapeutic delivery as Pt-Mal-LHRH was found to be a more selective and efficacious than carboplatin. Further examination of Pt-Mal-LHRH is warranted for its clinical use in TNBCs, along with, other reproductive cancers overexpressing the LHRH receptor.
Experimental protocol to investigate cortical, muscular and body representation alterations in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Paramento Matilde , Rubega Maria , Di Marco Roberto , Contessa Paola , Agostini Michela , Cantele Francesca , Masiero Stefano , Formaggio Emanuela 
Published: October 2023

Background
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is the most common form of scoliosis. AIS is a three-dimensional morphological spinal deformity that affects approximately 1-3% of adolescents. Not all factors related to the etiology of AIS have yet been identified.

Objective
The primary aim of this experimental protocol is to quantitatively investigate alterations in body representation in AIS, and to quantitatively and objectively track the changes in body sensorimotor representation due to treatment.

Methods
Adolescent girls with a confirmed diagnosis of mild (Cobb angle: 10°-20°) or moderate (21°-35°) scoliosis as well as age and sex-matched controls will be recruited. Participants will be asked to perform a 6-min upright standing and two tasks—named target reaching and forearm bisection task. Eventually, subjects will fill in a self-report questionnaire and a computer-based test to assess body image. This evaluation will be repeated after 6 and 12 months of treatment (i.e., partial or full-time brace and physiotherapy corrective postural exercises).

Results
We expect that theta brain rhythm in the central brain areas, alpha brain rhythm lateralization and body representation will change over time depending on treatment and scoliosis progression as a compensatory strategy to overcome a sensorimotor dysfunction. We also expect asymmetric activation of the trunk muscle during reaching tasks and decreased postural stability in AIS.

Conclusions
Quantitatively assess the body representation at different time points during AIS treatment may provide new insights on the pathophysiology and etiology of scoliosis.
The analysis of voting preferences of West Pomerania inhabitants in the years 2001–2020
Authors: Chrobak Piotr 
Published: October 2023

The article concerns the voting preferences of West Pomerania inhabitants in comparison to the whole country regarding parliament elections, European Parliament elections, presidential elections, except for self-government elections. Taking into account different characteristics of the last type of elections, a separate article has been prepared to discuss them. Applying the comparison method, the election results have been analyzed in terms of political geography. The comparison of territorial diversity of political behaviors has shown how political preferences have evolved with respect to division into provinces, country districts and towns ruled by presidents in reference to, among all, three main political parties (PO RP, PiS and SLD). It has been checked if since 2005 the Platform has really managed to dominate the West Pomeranian political scene and also if any differences in voting preferences occur depending on the place of residence or the type of elections? Subject to the analysis have been election results without the study of factors having impact on them, that is electoral campaigns and events on the political scene (they will be discussed in a separate publication). Regarding the typology of political parties ideological and programme criteria has been applied resulting in west-wing (SLD), central (PO RP) and right-wing division.
The analysis has shown that there are no significant differences between the results of different types of elections. Regardless, the results from the whole country in West Pomerania in years 1993–2004 left-wing preferences were demonstrated, in years 1993–2004 central and since 2015 central-right. However, analyzing the results depending on the place of residence, together in three types of elections, in 8 the results between country districts and president cities in majority have overlapped and in 6 of them the differences have occurred.
Unity of the United Kingdom as a post-Brexit challenge
Authors: Danel Łukasz 
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to the changes that take place in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland after it left the European Union, which finally took place on January 31, 2020. As it turned out, one of the side effects of Brexit was the violation of the unity of the British state – in this respect, its future, in the shape in which it currently operates, has become questionable. Maintaining this unity should be treated as one of the most important challenges facing the British political elites today.
The aim of the article is to analyze the current state of the unity of the British state – primarily in the context of separatist tendencies in Scotland and the potential reunification of Ireland, and also, to a lesser extent, in the context of the development of Welsh and English nationalism. The author tries to answer the question of how much Brexit can affect this unity in the long term and whether it can lead to the disintegration of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. To answer this research question, the author uses the historical method, the institutional and legal analysis method, as well as the content analysis method.
The conducted analysis leads the author to the conclusion that the United Kingdom will face a deepened devolution in the near future, and thus – evolution towards a classic federal state. This kind of constitutional reform seems today to be the price of maintaining the unity of this country.
Energy, exergy, and economic analyses and optimization of a deethanizer tower of a petrochemical plant
Authors: Yao Mingguang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The distillation tower’s reboiler is one of the largest energy consumers in petrochemical facilities, and reducing its energy consumption is a crucial issue. This study proposes two optimal methods, namely Direct Vapor Recompression (DVR) and External Vapor Recompression (EVR), to reduce the consumption of cold and hot utilities in a petrochemical deethanizer tower. The Pars petrochemical in Iran is taken as a case study, and the proposed methods are compared with the base case using energy, exergy, and economic approaches, simulated through Aspen HYSYS software in the steady-state design conditions. Exergy analysis reveals that the EVR and DVR methods reduce the exergy destruction of the deethanizer tower by about 70.06 % and 67.29 %, respectively, compared to the base case. Moreover, the EVR method allows for complete recycling of low-pressure vapor, reducing the total exergy destruction rate from 0.871 to 0.261 GJ/tethane. The feed separation cost for the base case, DVR, and EVR are estimated to be around 28 $/kgfeed, 21.57 $/kgfeed, and 21.14 $/kgfeed, respectively. The EVR method results in reduced utility and ethane separation cost rates from 5.153 to 3.274 $/tethane and 17.64 to 15.78 $/year. Overall, the findings suggest that both DVR and EVR methods are effective in reducing the energy consumption and costs associated with deethanizer tower operations. Moreover, real-time optimization techniques can be developed to monitor and adjust the deethanizer tower’s operating parameters, such as feed flow rate, reboiler duty, and reflux ratio.
Tumor heterogeneity: how could we use it to achieve better clinical outcomes?
Authors: Yousef Arsani , Ghobrial Lucianna , Diamandis Eleftherios P. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Differences in tumors related to location, tissue type, and histological subtype have been well documented for decades. Tumors are also molecularly very diverse. In this short review we describe the current classification schemes for tumor heterogeneity. We enlist the various drivers of tumor heterogeneity generation and comment on their clinical significance. New molecular techniques promise to assess tumor heterogeneity at affordable cost, so that these techniques can soon enter the clinic. While tumor heterogeneity currently represents a major unfavorable barrier in the field of oncology, it may also be a key in revolutionizing cancer diagnosis and treatment. Information regarding tumor heterogeneity has the potential to provide more thorough prognostic information, guide more efficacious combination treatment regimens, and lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies and identification of new targets. For these gains to be realized, assessment of tumor heterogeneity needs to be incorporated into current diagnostic protocols but standardized and reproducible assessment methods are required. Fortunately, when these advances are realized, tumor heterogeneity has the potential to improve clinical outcomes.
Caught up by Geopolitics: Sanctions and the EU’s Response to Russia’s War Against Ukraine
Authors: Meissner Katharina 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Russia’s war against Ukraine unfolded unprecedented geopolitical, economic and energy-related tension in the European Union (EU). Amidst this situation, decision-makers and scholars alike have returned to concepts of geopolitics to reflect the EU’s external affairs and its position in the international (trade) system. Indeed, geopolitical considerations help us to understand the sanctions imposed by the EU against Russia. The restrictive measures against Russia and the Russian-controlled areas in Ukraine are, to date, the most comprehensive measures adopted autonomously by the EU. They reflect the EU’s geopolitical considerations in carving out a strong response to Russia’s military aggression against Ukraine and the unparalleled political and security threat in Europe.
Associations Between Public Service Motivation, Depression and Anxiety Among Firefighters: A Chain Mediation Model of Employee Resilience and Job Satisfaction
Authors: Liu Hongbing , Guo Chunfu , Han Ziqiang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Chinese firefighting system has been transferred from military soldiers to professional civil servants since the 2018 institutional reform, and they have become a critical component of the newly established Department of Emergency Management. Studies on firefighters in China are limited, and this study can contribute to our understanding of the mental health and influencing mechanisms of emergency management workforces like firefighters, particularly in the context of institutional reform and a shortage of disaster workforce worldwide. This study investigates the associations between public service motivation (PSM), employee resilience, job satisfaction, depression and anxiety (DA) in firefighters. A questionnaire survey of 776 firefighters from two provinces, one from the north and the other from the south, was conducted. Chain-mediated regression models were used to analyze the associations. The results demonstrate that firefighters with more PSM have significantly lower depression and anxiety (beta = −0.215, p < 0.001), higher degrees of employee resilience (beta = 0.946), and job satisfaction (beta = 0.633). Employee resilience and job satisfaction mediated the relationship between PSM and DA. Three indirect pathways were detected. First, a higher PSM is associated with higher employee resilience and lower DA. Second, a higher PSM is correlated with higher job satisfaction and lower DA. Third, the coefficients between PSM, employee resilience, job satisfaction, depression and anxiety are statistically significant. This paper provides a valuable contribution to the knowledge of human resource management and the well-being of the emergency management workforce.
Adult ADHD: it is old and new at the same time – what is it?
Authors: Custodio Raly James Perez , Hengstler Jan G. , Cheong Jae Hoon , Kim Hee Jin , Wascher Edmund , Getzmann Stephan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Even though the number of studies aiming to improve comprehension of ADHD pathology has increased in recent years, there still is an urgent need for more effective studies, particularly in understanding adult ADHD, both at preclinical and clinical levels, due to the increasing evidence that adult ADHD is highly distinct and a different entity from childhood ADHD. This review paper outlines the symptoms, diagnostics, and neurobiological mechanisms of ADHD, with emphasis on how adult ADHD could be different from childhood-onset. Data show a difference in the environmental, genetic, epigenetic, and brain structural changes, when combined, could greatly impact the behavioral presentations and the severity of ADHD in adults. Furthermore, a crucial aspect in the quest to fully understand this disorder could be through longitudinal analysis. In this way, we will determine if and how the pathology and pharmacology of ADHD change with age. This goal could revolutionize our understanding of the disorder and address the weaknesses in the current clinical classification systems, improving the characterization and validity of ADHD diagnosis, specifically those in adults.
Association of AdipoQ (G>T) gene polymorphism with obesity and hypertension in North Indian postmenopausal women of Punjab
Authors: Amrita Jyot , Bhanwer Amarjit S. , Singh ArvinderPal 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objectives
We aimed to explore the association of obesity and hypertension and further their association with AdipoQ gene polymorphism in North Indian postmenopausal women of Punjab.

Methods
A total of 523 postmenopausal women (PMW) were enrolled (PMW with CVD=265 and PMW without CVD=258). Anthropometric measurements such as weight, height, hip circumference (HC), waist circumference (WC), waist hip ratio (WHR) and body mass index (BMI) for all the subjects were recorded in accordance to WHO 2000 protocol. For hypertension, guidelines of the Joint National Committee (JNC-VII) of high blood pressure were considered. Genotyping of AdipoQ (G>T) gene polymorphism was done by RFLP-PCR analysis.

Results
The comparison of the frequency distribution of alleles and genotypes of AdipoQ (+276G>T) gene polymorphism showed a significant distribution (p<0.05) among subjects with and without CVD. The risk for CVD was high (∼9 fold) among carriers of +276T allele towards CVD predisposition. Obese women with CVD under the recessive model conferred ∼8 fold high risk (p=0.001) and +276T allele and TT genotype of non-obese women with CVD for BMI <25 also conferred ∼9 fold high risk. Hypertension also acted as a strong risk factor related to CVD (p=0.0001). Under the recessive model, hypertensive PMW with CVD conferred 7–9 fold higher risk however, normotensive women with CVD also conferred 9∼10-fold risk towards CVD predisposition.

Conclusions
The T allele carriers of AdipoQ gene is strongly associated with risk factors such as obesity and hypertension pertaining to cardiovascular disease. Early detection of these risk factors may serve as a CVD preventative intervention.
A New Approach to Individualize Physical Activity Interventions for Individuals With Dementia: Cluster Analysis Based on Physical and Cognitive Performance
Authors: Barisch-Fritz Bettina , Bezold Jelena , Scharpf Andrea , Trautwein Sandra , Krell-Roesch Janina , Woll Alexander 
Published: October 2023

Background and Purpose:
Physical activity (PA) can have a beneficial effect on cognitive and physical performance in individuals with dementia (IWD), including those residing in nursing homes. However, PA interventions in nursing homes are usually delivered using a group setting, which may limit the effectiveness of the intervention due to the heterogenous nature of IWD. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify clusters based on cognitive and physical performance values, which could be used to improve individualization of PA interventions.

Methods:
Based on the cognitive and physical performance variables of 230 IWD, a cluster analysis was conducted. Global cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination), mobility (6-Meter Walking Test), balance (Frailty and Injuries: Cooperative Studies of Intervention Techniques—subtest-4), and strength and function of lower extremities (30-Second Chair-Stand Test) were assessed, and values were used to perform a hierarchical cluster analysis with Ward's method. Differences in physical and cognitive performance as well as other secondary outcomes (age, sex, body mass index, use of walking aids, diagnosis and etiology of dementia, number of medications, and Cumulative Illness Rating Scale) were tested using 1-factorial analyses of variance.

Results and Discussion:
Out of 230 data sets, 3-cluster solutions were identified with similar cluster sizes of 73 to 79. The silhouette coefficients for all calculated clusters ranged between 0.15 and 0.34. The cluster solutions were discussed in the context of cognitive and physical functions as well as training modalities and opportunities. The 4-cluster solution appears to be best suited for providing or developing an individualized PA intervention.

Conclusions:
The identified clusters of the 4-cluster solution may be used in future research to improve individualization of dementia-specific PA interventions. By assigning IWD to these clusters, more homogenous groups with regard to cognitive and physical performance can be formed. This allows for more individualized PA interventions and may result in a higher effectiveness, particularly in nursing homes. Our findings are relevant for therapists and nursing staff who design or deliver PA interventions in nursing homes or similar settings.
Cold‐inducible lncRNA266 promotes browning and the thermogenic program in white adipose tissue
Authors: Ma Jinyu , Wu Yuting , Cen Lixue , Wang Zhe , Jiang Ketao , Lian Bolin , Sun Cheng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCold‐induced nonshivering thermogenesis has contributed to the improvement of several metabolic syndromes caused by obesity. Several long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to play a role in brown fat biogenesis and thermogenesis. Here we show that the lncRNA lnc266 is induced by cold exposure in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). In vitro functional studies reveal that lnc266 promotes brown adipocyte differentiation and thermogenic gene expression. At room temperature, lnc266 has no effects on white fat browning and systemic energy consumption. However, in a cold environment, lnc266 promotes white fat browning and thermogenic gene expression in obese mice. Moreover, lnc266 increases core body temperature and reduces body weight gain. Mechanistically, lnc266 does not directly regulate Ucp1 expression. Instead, lnc266 sponges miR‐16‐1‐3p and thus abolishes the repression of miR‐16‐1‐3p on Ucp1 expression. As a result, lnc266 promotes preadipocyte differentiation toward brown‐like adipocytes and stimulates thermogenic gene expression. Overall, lnc266 is a cold‐inducible lncRNA in iWAT, with a key role in white fat browning and the thermogenic program.
Experiencia en la producción de Bocashi, como acondicionador de suelo para la producción de marañón (anacardium occidentale) industrial en la finca Namasté
Authors: Lamprea Zona Martha Custodia , Olmedo Meza Alejandra Margarita 
Published: October 2023

El bocashi es un abono orgánico que es usado como acondicionador de suelos, que ayuda corregir las propiedades fisicoquímicas del suelo, y optimizar la producción agrícola; por lo anterior se buscó producir un bocashi a partir de pollinaza, cisco de carbón, suelo de bosque, hojas de marañón, levadura y melaza, para ser empleados en suelos dedicados a la producción de marañón (Anacardium occidentale), en el municipio de Baranoa, Atlántico.
La metodología utilizada fue una investigación descriptiva, basada en el análisis de una actividad, como método fácil de observación directa y efectiva.
Como resultado de la actividad de la producción se obtuvo 2.5 Toneladas de bocashi, en un periodo de 60 días; los valores de temperatura producto de la actividad bacteriana variaron dependiendo de la fermentación de la pila. Las primeras semanas en donde se llevó a cabo la fase mesófila, el pH tendió a disminuir y la temperatura no superó los 40°c; Las semanas intermedias donde se desarrolló la fase termófila, la temperatura se elevó hasta los 74°C y un pH de 7,5 con una tendencia a ser alcalino, en las últimas semanas donde se llevó a cabo la fase de maduración de la pila, la temperatura disminuyó gradualmente hasta llegar a una temperatura ambiente y un pH neutro.
De esta actividad se puede inferir que el proceso de maduración del bocashi depende del tipo de materia orgánica utilizada en el proceso de producción, y están directamente relacionadas con las variables a controlar en campo como la humedad, temperatura y pH.
A Journey to Revival: Perspectives and Reflections in Critical Sociology and Criminology
Authors: Gill Jessica K. 
Published: October 2023

This article provides and introduction to the sixth volume of the Canadian Graduate Journal of Sociology and Criminology/ Revue canadienne des études supérieures en sociologie et criminologie (CGJSC/ RCESSC) and offers an overview of the six contributions included in this publication.
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Résumé
Cet article présente le sixième volume de la Canadian Graduate Journal of Sociology and Criminology / Revue canadienne des études supérieures en sociologie et criminologie (CGJSC / RCESSC) et offre une vue d'ensemble des six contributions incluses dans cette publication.