bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conflict, Language Ideologies, and Privileged Arenas of Discursive Authority in Warao Dispute Mediation
Authors: Briggs Charles L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This essay reflects on a series of puzzles posed by a particular convergence of conflict and narrative. It focuses on some angry conversations and actions that marked the breakup of a marriage and their transformation into a dispute mediation that involved an entire community. Why would community officials focus so much attention on a particular conflict, particularly since the relationship had already been severed? Why do collective senses of the fragility of social order become so closely associated with representations of particular social interactions? To ask this question in a different way, how do specific interactional features become powerful synecdoches of broader relations of social inequality? My focus is on meetings called to mediate conflict in indigenous communities in the Delta Amacuro of eastern Venezuela, but the issues they raise are not restricted to Warao dispute mediation.
Development and the Environment: Some Common Fallacies
Authors: Southgate Douglas , Whitaker Morris 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book’s analysis contrasts sharply with some widely circulated notions of why environmental quality is declining in places like Ecuador. Many believe that demographic growth is out of control and, as a result, the human population has already or will soon exceed what the environment can support. Others say that economic growth, pure and simple, needs to be kept in check because it puts too much pressure on natural resources. Still others view the unfettering of market forces in Latin America with concern. They concede that this departure from past economic policy is needed to stimulate development. However, they worry that the environment and poor people will suffer. Yet another perspective has nothing to do with Malthusian pessimism. Neither do its adherents necessarily question economic liberalization. Instead, they doubt that the investment in education and technological improvement required to achieve sustainable development is within poor countries’ reach. In particular, they point to the debt crisis and adverse terms of trade as reasons why fiscal capacity is unduly restricted in Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
Is There An Ideal Diet?
Authors: Janowitz Henry D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
America is health conscious. Everyone, or so it seems, is attempting to follow a physical fitness program; everyone is “working out”; everyone is eating a special diet and trying to lose weight. We all want to eat a healthy diet. Yet we don’t really know whether there is an ideal diet we all should strive to attain. The problem is not lack of information. There is almost too much information. The daily newspapers, the radio and T.V. health programs, the weekly and monthly magazines not only are asking us if we are eating correctly, but advising us in detail what to eat and what to avoid.
The Gallbladder In The Modern Age
Authors: Janowitz Henry D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The upper intestinal tract is so well programmed that bile enters the duodenum just at the time it is needed to help digest the fats of our diet. Since the liver is manufacturing bile all the time, this exact timing is carried out by the gallbladder, which is the receptacle for the temporary storage of bile. When the fats in the diet enter the duodenum, they release the hormone known as cholecystokinin that causes the gallbladder to contract and empty its bile content just at the time and place where it is needed to facilitate the next step of fat digestion.
Cancer Of The Colon And Rectum
Authors: Janowitz Henry D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cancer of the colon and rectum (colorectal cancer) is a first class world problem, especially in areas of North America and Europe and other industrialized countries where lifestyle and diet have been pointed to as causes of the rise in the incidence of this cancer. The rising incidence of colorectal cancer is front-page news in our newspapers and journals. It is the third most common cancer in the United States, just below breast and lung cancer.
Intestinal Gas
Authors: Janowitz Henry D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Many of the intestinal discomforts we complain about we blame on “gas.” We pass gas from either end of the gastrointestinal tract-we belch it out or pass gas through the rec tum. At times, we feel bloated and distended, and blame our symptoms on gas we cannot get rid of. We feel we are unable to pass or “break wind.” We complain we are embarrassed by passing gas in social situations.
Hebrew Noun Phrases: Generalized Noun Raising
Authors: Siloni Tal 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One central issue in the investigation of noun phrases concerns their selectional properties, namely, their thematic representations (theta-grids). Putting Chomsky’s (1970) lexicalist hypothesis in modern terms, it states that verbs and their related derived nouns in principle share the same theta-grids. The selectional properties of derived nouns are, in effect, hardly captured otherwise. Advancing the parallelism between verbs and nouns, Cinque (1980, 1981), and more recently Giorgi and Longobardi (1991) argue that theta-grids of nouns are systematically mapped into hierarchical syntactic structures, just like those of verbs. Obviously, this configurational approach is theoretically desirable, as it reduces the need for specific stipulations with regard to the syntax of noun phrases.
Between Words and Deeds: Jews and Blacks in America, 1880–1935
Authors: Diner Hasia R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
March 13, 1935, New York ‘s widely circulating Jewish Daily Forward wistfully eulogized the Black actor Richard Harrison, star of the play “The Green Pastures,” in which he had portrayed none other than “God, the Lawd.” The play had been staged, according to the Forward, at a truly propitious moment. In this present moment of upheaval and unrest, of world catastrophe and world storm, there was no greater pleasure than to be carried away to that far more naive, sinless world, which the play presented ... In this play... the souls of two nations are woven together ... the soul of the Jew and the soul of the Negro.
Affirmative Action: Jewish Ideals, Jewish Interests
Authors: Chanes Jerome A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Recounting of history, like a Hindu god, takes many forms. I Nowhere is this more true than in the narrative of the Jewish encounter with affirmative action, and its implications for Black-Jewish relations. Since the early 1970s, few issues have been more salient on the Jewish community’s domestic public-affairs agenda. Clearly-almost tautologically, inasmuch as race-based affirmative action deals with race-the Jewish stance on affirmative action has had profound implications for the relationship between Blacks and Jews.
On Imagining Foes, Imagining Friendship
Authors: Williams Patricia J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Recent years, relations between American Blacks and Jews, as symbolized by the tragic tensions in the Crown Heights section of Brooklyn, New York, have been relentlessly characterized as being in a state of distrust and precipitous decline. It is precisely this sort of broad, simplistic characterization, in the con text of infinitely more nuanced encounters, that is itself part of the cause of the breakdown. The term “Black-Jewish alliance” is on the one hand commonly used to invoke a specific history of shared struggles in the United States, from the turn of the century onward. These struggles, from the labor movement to the civil rights movement, were social settings in which the two groups worked shoulder to shoulder in many settings, shoring up and very nearly defining the Left in this nation. As was-and still is-appropriate and efficient in the face of the legalized monolith of U.S. apartheid laws, Blacks and Jews focused frequently on their similarities, on the commonalities of the Holocaust and the Middle Passage, so incomparable in one sense yet so filled with the same unbounded mandate of never forgetting.
Walking The Tightrope: Some Personal Reflections on Blacks and Jews
Authors: West Cornel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Grew up in a Black world without Jews. Yet my evolving worldview about life and love, faith and struggle was and is deeply shaped by the Jewish world be it the Bible, Marx, Durkheim, Freud, Kafka, Wittgenstein, or Lukacs. Most of the flesh-and-blood Jews I have encountered are descendants of Eastern European immigrants who arrived in America at the turn of the century. And the vast majority of my Jewish friends tend to be progressive intellectuals and activists. So my personal reflections on Black-Jewish relations preclude any broad generalizations or monolithic formulations.
Toward Sumter and Pearl: Comparing the Origins of the Civil War and World War II
Authors: Bruce Robert V 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What has occurred in this case,” said Abraham Lincoln in 1864, must ever recur in similar cases. Human nature will not change. In any future great national trial, compared with the men of this, we shall have as weak, and as strong; as silly and as wise; as bad and good. Let us, therefore, study the incidents of this, as philosophy to learn wisdom from .... “1 A generation later, however, the English historian and political scientist James Bryce attached a reservation: “The chief practical use of history is to deliver us from plausible historical analo­gies.”2 Both were right. While comparing our two greatest national trials, we must weigh similarities against singularities.
War and the Constitution: Abraham Lincoln and Franklin D. Roosevelt
Authors: Schlesinger Arthur M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Oddly, the Gettysburg Address made no great impression on November 19, 1863. Lincoln’s bright and devoted young secretary John Hay casually noted in his diary: “The President, in a fine, free way, with more grace than is his wont, said his half dozen words of consecration, and the music wailed, and we went home through crowded and cheering streets. And all the particulars are in the daily papers.”1 It took time for the Gettysburg Address to become a classic statement of the American creed. Today one sometimes feels that Lincoln’s crystalline words have grown so familiar that they are part of the mechanical ritual of our lives-words we hear and repeat but no longer attend to.
Language Variation and Language Change: Some More Answers
Authors: Ravid Dorit Diskin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is time to return to the broad research questions that have occupied us in this work. Above I presented a number of questions about the relationship that holds between language-internal factors, such as Opacity, and sociolinguistic factors such as age and literacy, and the way they affect change. We are now in a position to answer these questions and others that constitute the underpinnings of this study. I will do this in the form of question and answer.
Social Dimensions of Global Economic Integration
Authors: Jacoby Sanford M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We live and work in a global economy; world trade is growing faster than world incomes. Trade can dissipate international tensions, but it is equally capable of intensifying them. Nations feel compelled to change their economic and social policies to conform to global patterns. This pressure is felt particularly by labor market institutions-wage structures, workplace practices, social insurance, and labor relations all of which have been undergoing major changes in the developed nations. The changes have been accelerated by regional trading pacts such as the European Com munity (EC) and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Greater trade has been accompanied by greater mobility of capital. Every day billions of dollars, yen, and other currencies shuttle instantaneously across the planet. To attract and retain fickle investors, nations must rely on their physical infrastructure and their human talents. In the United States and the United Kingdom, both formerly world leaders, there is a painful awareness that neither talent nor infrastructure is globally competitive. Nations that organize work differently-Germany, Italy, Japan, Sweden, and others-have tricks to teach the old leaders about deploying human talents more effectively to promote cooperation and competitiveness.
Quantified Structures: Russian versus Serbo-Croatian
Authors: Franks Steven 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Quantified phrases in Russian and the other Slavic languages have long been a subject of linguistic investigation in both traditional and generative studies. Major contributions by linguists in the Russian tradition include Suprun (1959) and Mel’cuk (1985), and among important recent Western work is Pesetsky (1982), Corbett (1978, 1983a), Babby (1987), and Neidle (1988). In this chapter, specific proposals by Babby and Pesetsky about the syntax of Russian quantified phrases are examined and extended to Serbo-Croatian.1 It is argued that if aspects of each of these researchers’ models of Russian are adopted and modified slightly in order to accommodate minor parametric variation, then conflicting phenomena in SerboCroatian can receive an explanatorily satisfactory and conceptually unified account. The interaction of case, agreement, and numeric quantification is one of the most recalcitrant problems of Slavic grammar.
The Myth of the Police
Authors: Bayley David H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The police do not prevent crime. This is one of the best kept secrets of modern life. Experts know it, the police know it, but the public does not know it. Yet the police pretend that they are society’s best defense against crime and continually argue that if they are given more resources, especially personnel, they will be able to protect communities against crime. This is a myth. What is the evidence for this heretical and disturbing assertion? First, repeated analysis has consistently failed to find any connection between the number of police officers and crime rates. Second, the primary strategies adopted by modern police have been shown to have little or no effect on crime.
A Blueprint for the Future
Authors: Bayley David H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In modem democratic societies the police bear the primary responsibility for ensuring public safety because law enforcement is viewed as the primary solution to crime. For several reasons this total reliance on law enforcement is unwise and should not be allowed to continue. The standing of the police is being undermined because the public is beginning to realize that the police cannot deliver what they promise. The rise of the private security industry and efforts by communities to protect themselves attest to this. Dependence on law enforcement for crime control exposes the police, as well as the entire criminal justice system, to scapegoating. Inflated expectations lead to loss of trust and eventually to the loss of resources.
Preliminaries
Authors: Dikken Marcel den 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The analyses to be presented have their roots in the principles-and-parameters theory of generative syntax, developed in Chomsky (1981, 1986). A key role throughout this study is played by the notion of a SMALL CLAUSE, a tenseless subject-predicate structure (cf. Stowell 1981; Kayne 1984; T. Hoekstra 1984, 1988a, 1991; and references cited there). Small clauses will be found to be pervasive in the analysis of the secondary predication constructions to be discussed in what follows. In section 1.2 of this introductory chapter, a number of theoretical assumptions which are instrumental to the analysis of particle constructions and related phenomena are spelled out and, wherever possible, supported on the basis of independent considerations. No general introduction to the principles-and parameters framework or the small clause analysis will be presented here. I refer to Chomsky (1981, 1986) for the overall structure of the former, and to T. Hoekstra (1988a, 1991) for a survey of the major arguments for the small clause analysis of secondary predications.
Affixal Particles in Applicatives and Causatives
Authors: Dikken Marcel den 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In chapter 3 I discussed the analysis of triadic constructions and Dative Shift mainly on the basis of evidence from analytic languages like English. In poly synthetic languages such as Chichewa (a Bantu language spoken in Malawi), an alternation similar to the English dative alternation is found. Consider the Chichewa examples in (1) (taken from Baker 1988; cf. this work for the origin al provenance of these examples):In (la) the Goal NP is preceded by the dative preposition kwaand surfaces to the right of the Theme NP, just as in English. In the so-called applicative constructionin (lb), on the other hand, the Goal appears adjacent to the verb, which bears a special affix -ir-,the applicative or applied affix. Applicative constructions correspond in all relevant respects to double object constructions in languages like English. The only difference between English and Chichewa lies in the occurrence of a special morpheme in the double object construction of Chichewa.1Baker (1988) presents an analysis of applicative constructions in terms of preposition incorporation (also cf. my analysis of Dative Shift in chapter 3). According to Baker, the applicative morpheme is the spell-out of the incorporated dative preposition. The analysis of English Dative Shift is assimilated to that of applicative constructions, and likewise features preposition incorporation.
VP Ellipsis in English, French, and German Tensed Clauses
Authors: Lobeck Anne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As is well-known, VP Ellipsis in English is possible when INFL is filled with an auxiliary verb, modal, or pleonastic do. Ellipsis is blocked, however, when introduced by a main verb. This is illustrated by the contrast between ( l) and (2). It has been argued that empty VP in (1) is constrained by the ECP (Zagona, 1982, 1988a, 1988b, Lobeck, 1987a, 1990, 1991a, 1993; Chao, 1987), and that INFL properly governs empty VP. Ellipted verb phrases have not yet been analyzed, however, within current government-binding analyses of tensed clauses as projections of AGR or Tense. For example, Chomsky (1992) argues that IP is AGRP, as illustrated in (3).
Introduction: The Leadership Triad
Authors: Zand Dale E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Effective leaders harness three forces—knowledge, trust, and power. Like three horses pulling a chariot, these forces, if coordinated and working together, provide a swift and exhilarating ride. But if one force is mismanaged or pulls against the others, the ride is bumpy and can end in disaster.
The first force in the triad of leadership is knowledge. Effective leaders know or can find out what should be done. In other words, they have vision, and they know how to fulfill that vision. They set clear, challenging goals, and they know what needs to be done to reach the goals. Triadic leaders are not omniscient—all-knowing or all-wise—but they know how to gain access to the knowledge of others, and they know how to work with people to convert that knowledge into action.
The second force in the triad is trust. People trust effective triadic leaders, giving them loyalty and commitment. Triadic leaders earn trust by disclosing relevant information, sharing influence, and competently using knowledge. They earn trust by fairness in their dealings with others—fulfilling the spirit of their agreements, sharing rewards and hard times and not abusing their power. Triadic leaders are not necessarily liked or loved although they may be. Some may be famous, such as Lee Iacocca of Chrysler or Jack Welch of GE, but they are not saints without human foibles and shortcomings. People, how ever, have confidence in how they will use knowledge and power.
Leadership: The New Conditions
Authors: Zand Dale E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Leadership has changed from the days when the United States was primarily a manufacturing society. Leaders face an emerging information age in which knowledge disperses to the far corners of organizations. The old directive factory approach to leadership is no longer effective. In the past, when a few top managers and staff specialists held the organization’s core knowledge, leadership could be simple and directive; leaders, working alone, could think through a problem, give orders, and expect compliance. Alone, or with the input of a few close advisers, leaders could make the decisions that governed the organization’s production, marketing, and finances.
The conditions of leadership in the late twentieth century have changed dramatically. To be effective, leaders need to understand the subtle but wrenching shift that has occurred in the leadership land scape. This chapter explores the characteristics of the new world of leadership. It examines knowledge, the heavy weapon of competition, and the ways in which the advent of knowledge is eclipsing the position power of leaders. It discusses distributed knowledge and the forces diffusing knowledge within organizations. It looks at the emerging knowledge society and the characteristics of knowledge organizations. It describes the unusual features of working with knowledge, as opposed to tangible products, and the special challenges this poses for leaders. Finally, it reviews the three key dimensions of leadership in this new world: knowledge, trust, and power.
Finding Knowledge
Authors: Zand Dale E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Organizations continuously generate new knowledge. Leaders draw on this knowledge, seeking new ideas for products, processes, and markets, sampling the best ideas, and combining them into strategies for solving problems. Leaders work on difficult problems by first finding and analyzing existing, relevant knowledge. They then turn competent thinkers loose, building relationships that smooth the flow of information. If existing knowledge does not solve a problem, then leaders must look further to locate or create new knowledge.
This chapter discusses how leaders go about finding and gaining access to useful knowledge. It looks at how the leader’s attitudes and behaviors affect the release of knowledge, discusses ways to tune up the organization to find worthwhile knowledge and to clarify assumptions, and explores the leader’s use of questions to illuminate knowledge. It then considers two costly diversions: the lure of synergy and of pseudo knowledge. It concludes by examining the search for new knowledge, contrasting knowledge “new only to us” with knowledge that is “new to everyone.”
Legitimate and Decision Process Power
Authors: Zand Dale E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Economic tides rise and fall, cross-currents of change ripple through organizations, but effective leaders know how to use power to navigate through the shoals of competition and set a course for opportunities. Power is the ability to influence people. It is the ability to get someone to do or not to do something, to persuade or dissuade. Leadership and power are almost synonymous. One might well ask if leadership can exist without the ability to affect the actions of others—that is, without power.
Legitimate power is still the anchor of leadership. It is decision power—the right people give to leaders to make choices, set a direction, and resolve conflicts. In this chapter we discuss legitimate power, its scope, and its link to a position in an organization. We also discuss decision process power—the leader’s right to determine how a decision will be made—and analyze the effective leader’s use of four fundamental decision modes—commanding, consulting, concurring, and consigning.