bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate change increases toxic cadmium loads more than nutritional metals in spinach
Authors: Pieńkowska Aleksandra , Glöckle Alexandra , Sánchez Natalia , Khadela Shitalben , Richter Paul-Georg , Merbach Ines , Herzberg Martin , Kilian Joachim , Stahl Mark , Salcedo Luis Daniel Prada , Reitz Thomas , Muehe E. Marie 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

In addition to food quantity, food quality is paramount for meeting the demands of a growing global population. Food quality encompasses both nutritional and contaminant contents, yet their transfer within soil-crop systems remains poorly understood under impending climate change. This greenhouse study is the first to demonstrate that future climatic conditions increase the transfer of metals from oxic soils to crops, showcased for four soil-spinach variety combinations (Spinacia oleracea). Future conditions raised harmful metal cadmium levels in edible spinach tissues by 26–54%. In contrast, changes in micronutrient (Zn, Mn, Mg) contents were inconsistent and dependent on the specific soil-spinach combination. Climate-induced shifts in soil carbon composition and bacterial communities were linked to greater soil Cd phytoavailability, enhancing Cd transfer from soil to roots. These findings suggest that while spinach's nutritional values may remain stable, future conditions could lead to higher metal contaminants levels in edible tissues.
Анализ конструкции механизма вибрации c противовесом захватносрезающего устройства
Authors: Ласточкин Д. М. , Сидыганов Ю. Н. , Кретинин В. И. , Костромин Д. В. 
Published: February 2025

В статье проведен анализ конструкции механизма вибрации c противовесом захватно-срезающего устройства, обеспечивающего уравновешивание возникающих сил и моментов сил. Выполнена конструктивная проработка механизма вибрации захватно-срезающего устройства путем добавления одного противовеса, который обеспечивает требуемую разгрузку опор от неуравновешенных масс механизма вибрации. Для проведения анализа конструкции механизма вибрации c противовесом была определена масса противовеса путем расчета поступательно движущихся и вращающихся частей механизма. На разработанной 3D-модели конструкции механизма вибрации с противовесом были проведены динамические исследования в программе SolidWorks Motion. В результате анализа конструкции механизма вибрации, оснащенного противовесом, было проведено моделирование момента на движителе и сравнение значений с результатами моделирования, полученными на механизме вибрации без противовеса для дерева массой 50 кг и при скорости вращения движителя 150 об/мин. Сравнение результатов моделирования момента на движителе механизма вибрации при равных условиях показало, что максимальный момент на валу без противовеса составляет 435804 Н·мм, а максимальный момент на валу с противовесом равен 331931 Н·мм. Разница в значениях максимальных моментов на валу движителя механизма вибрации показала, что применение противовеса на 23,8% снижает максимальный возникающий момент.
The article analyzes the design of the vibration mechanism with a counterweight of the gripping-cutting device, which ensures the balancing of the resulting forces and moments of forces. The design development of the vibration mechanism of the gripping-cutting device was performed by adding one counterweight, which will provide the required unloading of the supports from the unbalanced masses of the vibration mechanism. To analyze the design of the vibration mechanism with a counterweight, the mass of the counterweight was determined by calculating the translational moving and rotating parts of the mechanism. Dynamic studies were carried out in the SolidWorks Motion program on the developed 3D model of the vibration mechanism design with a counterweight. As a result of the analysis of the design of the vibration mechanism equipped with a counterweight, the moment on the mover was simulated and the values compared with the simulation results obtained on the vibration mechanism without a counterweight for a tree weighing 50 kg and at a rotation speed of the mover of 150 rpm. Comparison of the results of modeling the torque on the vibration mechanism drive under equal conditions showed that the maximum torque on the shaft without a counterweight is 435804 N mm, and the maximum torque on the shaft with a counterweight is 331931 N mm. The difference in the values of the maximum torques on the vibration mechanism drive shaft showed that the use of a counterweight reduces the maximum torque by 23.8%.
Модернизированная харвестерная головка
Authors: Васильев А. С. 
Published: February 2025

В статье рассмотрены вопросы модернизации харвестерной головки. Целью работы являлась разработка конструкции харвестерной головки для повышения производительности лесозаготовительных работ в условиях Крайнего Севера и Арктической зоны при наличии глубокого снежного покрова. В результате работы предложена конструкция харвестерной головки, оснащенной активным рабочим органом, способным расчищать пространство вокруг стволов стоящих на корню деревьев. Активный рабочий орган обеспечивает высокую производительность работ при небольшом количестве управляющих воздействий оператора. Предложенная конструкция позволит увеличить объем заготавливаемой древесины за счет уменьшения высоты оставляемых пней.
The article deals with the modernisation of the harvester head. The aim of the work was to develop the design of a harvester head to increase the productivity of logging operations in the Far North in the presence of deep snow cover. As a result of the work the design of a harvester head equipped with an active working body capable of clearing the space around the trunks of rooted trees was proposed. The active working body provides high productivity of work with a small number of control actions of the operator. The proposed design will increase the volume of harvested timber by reducing the height of stumps left behind.
Исследование процесса отверждения укрывистых грунтов на полиуретановой основе
Authors: Белова О. А. , Чубинский А. Н. 
Published: February 2025

Лакокрасочные материалы (ЛКМ) на полиуретановой основе широко используются для отделки древесноволокнистых плит средней плотности (МДФ), применяемых в производстве мебельных фасадов и стеновых панелей. Эти материалы характеризуются высокой прочностью, механической и химической устойчивостью. Процесс отверждения ЛКМ является ключевым этапом, определяющим качество конечного покрытия, и зависит от температуры и расхода. В работе проведено исследование процесса отверждения укрывистых полиуретановых грунтов с целью оптимизации условий производства. Экспериментальные исследования включали полный факторный эксперимент, позволивший установить зависимость продолжительности отверждения от ключевых параметров. Разработана математическая модель, позволяющая количественно оценить влияние температуры и расхода на время отверждения. Установлен оптимальный температурный диапазон для сушки полиуретановых грунтов, который минимизирует риск дефектов покрытия и обеспечивает высокое качество продукции. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы для оптимизации производственных процессов, что позволит снизить эксплуатационные расходы и повысить энергоэффективность. Статистическое сравнение отечественных полиуретановых грунтов с зарубежными аналогами может существенно способствовать процессу импортозамещения, позволяя проводить сравнение и оценку эффективности. Разработка отечественных материалов с учетом полученных данных обеспечит более конкурентоспособное производство и независимость от импортных поставок.
Polyurethane-based LKM are widely used for finishing medium-density fiberboards (MDF) employed in the production of furniture fronts and wall panels. These materials are characterized by high strength, as well as mechanical and chemical resistance. The curing process of these coatings is a critical stage that determines the quality of the final finish and is influenced by temperature and application rate. This study investigates the curing process of opaque polyurethane primers with the aim of optimizing production conditions. The experimental research included a full factorial experiment, which allowed for establishing the dependency of curing time on key parameters. A mathematical model was developed to quantitatively assess the influence of temperature and application rate on curing time. The optimal temperature range for drying polyurethane primers was determined, which minimizes the risk of coating defects and ensures high product quality. The results of the study can be used to optimize production processes, reducing operational costs and increasing energy efficiency. A statistical comparison of domestic polyurethane primers with foreign analogs may significantly contribute to the import substitution process, enabling the comparison and assessment of efficiency. The development of domestic materials based on the obtained data will ensure more competitive production and independence from imported supplies.
Зимостойкость, засухоустойчивость и оценка декоративности Corylus avellana L. в условиях г. Брянска
Authors: Шлапакова С. Н , Алехина И. В. , Хоменок М. А. , Морозов А. Н. 
Published: February 2025

Оценку зимостойкости лещины обыкновенной проводили в конце марта – начале апреля, когда отмечался более устойчивый температурный режим, и после окончания и возвратов поздневесенних заморозков. Другим важным показателем в оценке перспективности использования растений на объектах ландшафтной архитектуры является показатель засухоустойчивости. Действие засухи сказывается на водном обмене растений. Большая потеря воды за счет интенсивной транспирации вызывает развитие в растении водного дефицита, что может привести к гибели. В условиях г. Брянска все исследуемые растения лещины обыкновенной и ее формы 'Purpurea' обладают высокой зимостойкостью и хорошей засухоустойчивостью, а, значит, являются перспективными для их использования на объектах ландшафтной архитектуры. Однако у отдельных экземпляров видовой лещины, произрастающих на открытых участках, в засушливый период на листьях может наблюдаться подгорание их краев. Проведена ежемесячная оценка декоративности лещины обыкновенной и лещины 'Purpurea' по методике О.Ю. Емельяновой «Шкала градаций признаков для комплексной оценки декоративности древесных растений в течение года». Сумма баллов за год показывает степень декоративности растения в дизайне городской и парковой среды. Оба вида отнесены к высокодекоративным кустарникам.
The winter hardiness of common hazel was assessed in late March – early April, when a more stable temperature regime was observed, and after the end and return of late spring frosts. Another important indicator in assessing the prospects of using plants in landscape architecture is the drought resistance indicator. The effect of drought affects the water metabolism of plants. A large loss of water due to intensive transpiration causes the development of water deficiency in the plant, which can lead to death. In the conditions of Bryansk, all the studied hazel plants and its form 'Purpurea' have high winter hardiness and good drought resistance, which means that they are promising for their use in landscape architecture. However, in individual specimens of the species hazel growing in open areas, burning of their edges may be observed on the leaves during the dry period. A monthly assessment of the decorative value of common hazel and hazel 'Purpurea' was carried out according to the method of O.Y. Yemelyanova «Scale of gradations of signs for a comprehensive assessment of the decorative value of woody plants during the year». The sum of the points for the year shows the degree of decorative effect of the plant in the design of the urban and park environment. Both species are assigned to highly decorative shrubs.
Ownership in times of water scarcity: are inhabitants supplied by private utilities consuming more water?
Authors: Sousa Cláudia Orsini Machado de , Fávero Luíz Paulo Lopes , Fouto Nuno Manoel Martins Dias 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

The growing public focus on water resource issues highlights the effectiveness of demand-side management in reducing water consumption, a strategy adopted worldwide. In Brazil, where water scarcity remains a concern, the 2020 regulatory framework accelerated water utilities' privatization. This study examines how the expanded role of private companies in the water and sanitation sector influences residential water consumption behaviors. Using a three-level hierarchical linear model, we analyzed per capita water consumption data from 858 Brazilian municipalities between 2002 and 2019. Results show that, on average, residents in municipalities served by private companies consume less water than those served by public providers. While rising tariffs from privatization may partially explain these outcomes, the literature offers mixed support for this claim. Nonetheless, findings emphasize the importance of state-owned water providers, which serve most Brazilians, in revisiting their water demand management strategies. Key actions could include informational campaigns and economic incentives to promote voluntary water-saving behaviors.
Evaluation of failings in urban water supply and sanitation systems in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review to inform future planning
Authors: Agbo Chukwuemeka , Jeffrey Paul , Sule May N. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

The high failure rate of water supply and sanitation (WSS) systems is a major concern, especially for developing countries. Using the Collaboration for Environmental Evidence guidelines, this study carried out a systematic review of literature on failings in WSS in the urban areas of Sub-Saharan Africa to identify the factors hindering sustainability as lasting coverage. There were 101 full-text articles examined and 21 articles included in the final review. The findings are discussed through the lens of the financial, institutional, environmental, technological and social (FIETS) framework and depicted in a causal loop diagram to visualize the system structure. In total, 37 factors that contribute to the failings of urban WSS systems across 14 Sub-Saharan African countries were identified. The root causes of failed or failing systems included a lack of stakeholder engagement in the planning and implementation; limited human resources capacity; limitations imposed by settlement type (informal settlements); insufficient funds, corruption and mismanagement of funds; and insufficient operation and maintenance of facilities. The study concludes that sustainability in the sector will involve the use of legal instruments, adequate planning techniques, anti-corruption and cost recovery mechanisms to ensure long-term financing.
Dynamic Task Weighting Mechanism for a Task-Aware Approach to Mitigating Catastrophic Forgetting
Authors: J. Ranjith  , Santhi Baskaran  
Published: February 2025

Catastrophic forgetting is still a big issue in sequential learning and in particular for Natural Language Processing (NLP) models that tend to forget knowledge encoded in previous tasks when learning new targets. To do this, we present a Dynamic Task Weighting Mechanism which forms a part of the Adaptive Knowledge Consolidation (AKC) framework. Our method dynamically adjust knowledge retention to task similarity and task specific performance, while contrasted to static regularization approaches such as Elastic Weight Consolidation (EWC) and Synaptic Intelligence (SI). This mechanism is proposed that involves computing task embeddings with pre-trained models BERT and quantifying their similarity from cosine similarity. To complete the above, we compute a similarity score which is merged with normalized task specific performance metrics of accuracy, F1 score to form an importance score. The model trades adaptability in learning in order to retain previously learned knowledge by prioritizing important tasks and minimizing interference from other unrelated tasks. We show that our proposed mechanism substantially mitigates forgetting and results in accuracy improvements on extensive experiments on standard NLP benchmarks such as GLUE, AG News, and SQuAD. Among baseline methods (EWC, SI, and GEM), the model also has the highest average accuracy of 86.7% and the least amount of forgetting of 6.2%.
How Do Investors Perceive System and Organization Controls (SOC) for Cybersecurity?
Authors: Perols Rebecca R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Regulators, investors, and boards of directors are increasingly demanding information about companies’ cybersecurity risk management. Consequently, companies are increasingly requesting voluntary third-party cybersecurity assurance services. In response to this demand, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) offers a System and Organization Controls (SOC) for Cybersecurity assurance service. However, SOC for Cybersecurity faces competition from less comprehensive and less costly assurance services in a nonstandardized assurance market, and it is unclear if investors will recognize the value provided by the more comprehensive service. This article summarizes a study examining how investors perceive SOC for Cybersecurity (Perols 2024). The study finds that investors indeed value more comprehensive third-party cybersecurity assurance services when voluntarily disclosed in response to a reported cybersecurity incident but not when the SOC for Cybersecurity is proactively disclosed by management in the absence of a cybersecurity incident. This article highlights implications for audit practitioners, companies, and regulators.
Utilizing Crowdsourcing to Incorporate the Voice of the Family When Developing a Diabetes Distress Intervention
Authors: Kahhan Nicole A. , Patton Susana R. , Milkes Amy I. , Clements Mark A. , Pierce Jessica S. 
Published: February 2025

OBJECTIVE
Diabetes distress (DD) is the negative emotional toll of living with or caring for type 1 diabetes, encompassing the pervasiveness of its daily demands. We recently developed Remedy to Diabetes Distress (R2D2), a screen-to-treat intervention for families of school-aged children with type 1 diabetes. This article reports on the use of crowdsourcing methods to design the intervention and capture the voice of parent stakeholders.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We recruited 41 parents of 8- to 12-year-olds with type 1 diabetes. In a secure online social network, we posted study questions to participants, who could respond to our questions and view and comment on other participants’ responses (i.e., participants could interact as a “crowd”). An iterative approach allowed our questions to move from broad to specific, enabling parent input on treatment content.

RESULTS
Using a conceptual model of DD, we examined responses and applied codes to distill qualitative categories. We established substantial agreement on identified categories, with fidelity at κ = 0.615. In addition to providing broad feedback (e.g., on preferred language for common phrases used in type 1 diabetes interventions), parents also provided feedback on specific treatment components and the overall tone of the intervention. Parents highlighted benefit-finding and positive talk/self-talk as pertinent for incorporation into treatment.

CONCLUSION
This study illustrates the use of crowdsourcing methods to capture the voices of parents of school-aged children with type 1 diabetes when designing a DD intervention. The next phase of R2D2 will be a small pre-trial to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention, followed by a proof-of-concept randomized controlled trial (RCT), during which family voices will continue to be incorporated.
Barnehagelærarars refleksjonar over høgtlesing med fleirspråklege barn
Authors: Høyland Randi 
Published: February 2025

Høgtlesing i barnehagen kan ha fleire pedagogiske formål, som å stimulere til abstrakt tenking eller språkutvikling, å gi barn erfaring med meiningsfylt interaksjon og vere kjelde til estetiske opplevingar. Hensikta med denne studien var å få kunnskap om korleis norske barnehagelærarar grunngir eigne høgtlesingspraksisar i ein fleirspråkleg kontekst gjennom å reflektere over videoobservasjonar frå eigne lesehendingar. Datamaterialet i denne studien var videostimulerte intervju med tre barnehagelærarar, som tok utgangspunkt i videoobservasjonar der barnehagelærarane las to digitale bildebøker kvar for ei gruppe barn med fleirspråkleg bakgrunn. Analysen viste at barnehagelærarane la særleg merke til organiseringa av lesehendingane og reflekterte over korleis bildeboklesing kunne føre til inkludering og deltaking i fellesskap. Lesepraksisane blei grunngitt med eit ønske om å gi barna forståing av innhaldet i bildebøkene, men barnehagelærarane argumenterte også for at barna fekk estetiske opplevingar og språkstimulering. Refleksjonane over lesehendinganes fleirspråklege kontekst innebar evaluering av ferdigheitene og den norskspråklege kompetansen til barna som grunngiving for forenklingar av innhaldet i bildebøkene. Denne høgtlesingsundersøkinga kan bidra til auka forståing av kva barnehagelærarar legg merke til ved eigen lesepraksis, og korleis dei grunngir denne lesepraksisen. Bevisstgjering og artikulering av taus kunnskap kan vere eit grep for å vidareutvikle barnehagelærarars profesjonelle fleirspråklege lesepraksisar.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT
Teachers’ Reflections on Reading Aloud With Multilingual Children in Early Childhood Education and Care
Read-alouds may serve several educational purposes in ECEC, such as stimulating abstract thinking and language development, providing children with meaningful interaction experiences, and as a source of aesthetic experiences. This study aimed to learn how Norwegian ECEC teachers rationalize their read-aloud practices in a multilingual context by reflecting on video observations from their read-aloud events. The data in this study consisted of video-stimulated interviews with three ECEC teachers based on video observations of their digital picture book read-alouds to a group of children with multilingual backgrounds. The analysis revealed that the teachers noticed the organization and reflected on how read-alouds could support inclusion and group participation. The teachers’ reading practices were rationalized by providing children with content understanding, but they also promoted aesthetic experiences and language stimulation. Teachers’ reflections on the multilingual context implied evaluations of children’s skills and language proficiency in Norwegian and served as a basis for simplifying the picture book content. This study may contribute to an increased understanding of what teachers notice and how they justify their reading practices. Bringing awareness to and articulating tacit knowledge can be a tool for further developing teachers’ professional multilingual reading practices.