bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DETERMINATION OF THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE TECHNICAL PARAMETERS OF THE SPECIAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING OF A FIREFIGHTER DURING OPERATION AT LOW TEMPERATURES BY THE METHOD OF EXPERT EVALUATION
Authors: Sytdykov Maxim , Brusyanin Dmitry , Ivanov Andrey 
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to the issues of ensuring the safety of employees
of EMERCOM of Russia when extinguishing fires and conducting emergency rescue operations
at low temperatures. The object of the study is the technical parameters of the firefighter's combat clothing. The purpose of this work is to determine the most significant technical parameters that affect the reliability and protection indicators when operating at low temperatures.
The paper provides an expert assessment of the significance of the technical parameters of the firefighter's combat clothing during operation at low temperatures. Based on the data obtained, the most important parameters of the firefighter's combat clothing that affect the reliability and protection indicators in low temperature conditions are identified.
EXPERIMENTAL METHOD OF AMIDE NITROGEN CONCENTRATION DETERMINING IN CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
Authors: Medvedeva Lyudmila , Makarchuk Galina , Brantsevich Gennady 
Published: October 2023

The article actualizes the environmental problem of ammonia emission in industrial and residential buildings into the indoor air environment.
In the process of studies it has been established that the main sources of ammonia emission into the indoor air are concrete structures (concrete walls, ceilings, columns, etc.) and finishing materials.
In concrete, ammonia is formed as a result of hydrolysis of urea (NH2)2CO contained in concrete, and urea (urea) and other similar substances are used as hardening gas pedals and anti-freeze additives, including ammonized fly ash.
It is possible to prevent ammonia emission into the indoor air not only by checking construction materials for cases of exceeding the maximum permissible concentration of urea in them, but also by experimental determination of amide nitrogen concentration in concrete mixtures at the stage of their delivery to construction sites.
The aim of the article is to present an experimental technique to determine amide nitrogen concentration in construction materials developed to control amide nitrogen concentration at the stage of concrete mixture delivery to construction sites to exclude ammonia formation after putting construction sites of different functional purposes into operation.
Experimental method for determining the concentration of amide nitrogen in building materials is the result of solving the following research tasks:
– examination of building materials by methods of physical and chemical analysis for the quantitative determination of amide nitrogen;
– comparison of the obtained results with the data of research laboratories with the conclusions about the quality of performed analyses.
Approbation of the proposed experimental method for determining the concentration of amide nitrogen in building materials was carried out in the laboratory of the test center «OOO«Settle City» in Kudrovo.
CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING THE FIRE-PROOF PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITION BASED ON CHLORINE-CONTAINING BINDING AGENT
Authors: Dolzhenkov Anatoly , Lebedeva Viktoria 
Published: October 2023

The possibility and expediency of evaluating the properties of the flame retardant coatings has been exemplified by the chlorine-containing flame-retardant composition according
to the criteria quantitatively characterizing the process of coating intumescence, i.e. intumescence ratio, mass variation, density and porosity of the foamed coke formed as a result of heating the samples. The degree of intumescence and changing in mass of the coating samples have been determined according to the conventional techniques; density and porosity variations of coke have been measured by the computation based on the experiment data. The curves of dependence between the intumescence parameters of coating and the temperature have been derived. The results of the investigation showed that these parameters may be applied as the evaluation criteria for comprising the formulae and further optimization of coatings properties designed to protect building constructions in conditions of extreme heat exposure.
FORECASTING THE SERVICE LIFE OF ANTICORROSIVE COATINGS OF METAL STRUCTURES OF OBJECTS OF PROCESSING, STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION OF HYDROCARBONS
Authors: Andryushkin Alexander , Bucikin Evgeny , Kadochnikova Elena 
Published: October 2023

Leaks of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons from pipelines and equipment of transportation, storage and processing facilities lead to fires and explosions. Often the cause of hydrocarbon leaks is corrosion of metal structures, leading to their depressurization. To increase the durability of metal structures, they are protected with anticorrosive coatings. The protective ability of the anticorrosive coating is determined by its continuity (defect). The prediction of the continuity (defectiveness) of the anticorrosive coating is carried out using empirical exponential or power expressions. The disadvantage of these expressions is a large number of hard-to-determine factors and empirical coefficients. An empirical expression is given to assess the defectiveness of the anticorrosive coating at the current time. An empirical expression is proposed for predicting the operational continuity (defectiveness) of an anticorrosive coating, taking into account the production (initial) defectiveness, the permissible service life and the aggressiveness of the environment. It is shown that the aggressiveness of the environment significantly affects the continuity (defectiveness) anticorrosive coating. The results of forecasting the continuity (defectiveness) of the anticorrosive coating are compared according to the currently used expressions and according to the proposed expression.
The obtained results of forecasting the continuity (defectiveness) of the anticorrosive coating are close. The empirical expression proposed for predicting the continuity (defectiveness) of the anticorrosive coating is promising for practical application.
การปรับนโยบายต่างประเทศไทย (พ.ศ.2516 ถึง 2519)
Authors: นพประเสริฐ ศิบดี 
Published: October 2023

บทความนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์ที่จะนำเสนอถึงอิทธิพลของปัจจัยภายนอกที่มีต่อการกำหนดนโยบายต่างประเทศของไทยระหว่าง พ.ศ.2516 และ พ.ศ.2519 ไม่ว่าจะเป็นการที่สหรัฐฯ ไม่ประสบความสำเร็จในสงครามเวียดนาม ความเปลี่ยนแปลงที่เกิดขึ้นในความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างประเทศมหาอำนาจ ได้แก่ สหรัฐฯ สหภาพโซเวียต และจีน รวมไปถึงการที่รัฐต่าง ๆ ในภูมิภาคอินโดจีนเปลี่ยนแปลงการปกครองเป็นระบอบคอมมิวนิสต์ ทั้งหมดนี้เป็นปัจจัยภายนอกที่สำคัญที่สุด อันส่งผลต่อการดำเนินนโยบายต่างประเทศของไทย ทั้งการปรับความสัมพันธ์ให้อยู่ในระดับปกติกับสาธารณรัฐประชาชนจีนและกลุ่มประเทศอินโดจีน ได้แก่ สาธารณรัฐสังคมนิยมเวียดนาม สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยประชาชนลาว กัมพูชาประชาธิปไตย รวมไปถึงการปรับลดความใกล้ชิดกับสหรัฐอเมริกา แม้ว่าในช่วงนั้น รัฐบาลไทยจะยังคงมีมโนทัศน์(Perception) ที่หวั่นเกรงการขยายตัวของคอมมิวนิสต์โดยยังคงมีนโยบายความมั่นคงภายในที่ต่อสู้กับพรรคคอมมิวนิสต์แห่งประเทศไทย แต่ในด้านการต่างประเทศแล้ว รัฐบาลไทย โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งกระทรวงการต่างประเทศไทยกลับมีบทบาทสำคัญในการปรับนโยบาย ไม่ว่าจะเป็นการกำหนดวาระนโยบาย (Agenda setting) และการนำนโยบายไปปฏิบัติ (Implementation) ที่เหมาะสมกับสถานการณ์ นั่นคือการสถาปนาความสัมพันธ์ทางการทูตกับประเทศคอมมิวนิสต์ ผลที่ตามมาก็คือ การที่ไทยสามารถรักษาผลประโยชน์แห่งชาติด้านความมั่นคงได้ในอีกทางหนึ่งท่ามกลางกระแสแห่งความเปลี่ยนแปลงที่เกิดขึ้น
Gagasan Desain Lembaga Urusan Pemerintahan di bidang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan: Urgensikah?
Authors: Pratiwi Dian Kus , Rishan Idul 
Published: October 2023

Undang-Undang Nomor 15 Tahun 2019 mengamanatkan pembentukan lembaga yang menjalankan urusan pemerintahan dibidang pembentukan peraturan perundang-undang. Pembentukan Lembaga ini pada khususnya menangani urusan pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia, dan juga dapat mengatasi berbagai macam problematika regulasi yang ada di Indonesia. Dengan metode legal doktriner, maka penelitian ini berfokus pada; politik hukum pembentukan lembaga yang menyelenggarakan urusan pemerintahan di bidang pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan, dan gagasan desain lembaga yang menyelenggarakan urusan di bidang pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia. Hasil analisis menyatakan bahwa; (1) politik hukum pembentukan lembaga yang menangani urusan pemerintahan di bidang pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan merupakan amanat dari Undang-Undang Nomor 15 Tahun 2019. (2) gagasan desain kelembagaan lembaga yang menjalankan urusan dibidang pembentukan peraturan perundang-undang dapat terbagi kedalam dua pilihan, pertama kewenangan lembaga yang menjalankan urusan pemerintahan dibidang pembentukan peraturan dapat dilaksanakan oleh lembaga eksisting dalam hal ini melalui Badan Pembinaan Hukum Nasional (BPHN) dibawah Kementrian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia, atau kedua melalui pembentukan lembaga negara independent baru diluar lembaga, badan, maupun kementrian yang telah ada.
Legitimasi Mediasi Uni Eropa Dalam Manajemen Konflik Kosovo-Serbia
Authors: Mantiri David William Izak , Puspita Natalia Yeti 
Published: October 2023

Uni Eropa bertindak sebagai peace-mediator dalam penyelesaian konflik Kosovo-Serbia. Mengingat Uni Eropa merupakan organisasi internasional, maka diperlukan legitimasi terkait personalitas hukum dan wewenang Uni Eropa dalam memediasi penyelesaian konflik internasional. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui legitimasi mediasi Uni Eropa dalam manajemen konflik Kosovo-Serbia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, Uni Eropa memiliki legitimasi dalam menyelesaikan konflik internasional sebagai bentuk turut serta menjaga perdamaian dunia berdasarkan Pasal 21 Paragraf (c) juncto Pasal 28 Paragraf 1 Lisbon Treaty. Hal tersebut dilaksanakan melalui European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP). Penyelesaian konflik Kosovo-Serbia menjadi perhatian Uni Eropa untuk mewujudkan perdamaian keamananan terutama di kawasan Eropa. Uni Eropa berperan sebagai mediator dalam konflik Kosovo Serbia dengan mendasarkan pada Concept on Strengthening EU Mediation and Dialogue Capacities. Konsep tersebut menjadi landasan mediasi Uni Eropa dalam manajemen konflik internasional
Differences in lumbar spine intradiscal pressure between standing and sitting postures: a comprehensive literature review
Authors: Roman-Liu Danuta , Kamińska Joanna , Tokarski Tomasz 
Published: October 2023

Background
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), especially in the lumbar spine, are a leading concern in occupational health. Work activities associated with excessive exposure are a source of risk for MSDs. The optimal design of workplaces requires changes in both sitting and standing postures. In order to secure such a design scientifically proved quantitative data are needed that would allow for the assessment of differences in spine load due to body posture and/or exerted force. Intradiscal pressure (IP) measurement in the lumbar spine is the most direct method of estimating spinal loads. Hence, this study aims at the quantitative evaluation of differences in lumbar spine load due to body posture and exerted forces, based on IP reported in publications obtained from a comprehensive review of the available literature.

Methodology
In order to collect data from studies measuring IP in the lumbar spine, three databases were searched. Studies with IP for living adults, measured in various sitting and standing postures, where one of these was standing upright, were included in the analysis. For data to be comparable between studies, the IP for each position was referenced to upright standing. Where different studies presented IP for the same postures, those relative IPs (rIP) were merged. Then, an analysis of the respective outcomes was conducted to find the possible relationship of IPs dependent on a specific posture.

Results
A preliminary analysis of the reviewed papers returned nine items fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After merging relative IPs from different studies, rIP for 27 sitting and 26 standing postures was yielded. Some of the data were useful for deriving mathematical equations expressing rIP as a function of back flexion angle and exerted force in the form of a second degree polynomial equation for the standing and sitting positions. The equations showed that for the standing posture, the increase in IP with increasing back flexion angle is steeper when applying an external force than when maintaining body position only. In a sitting position with the back flexed at 20°, adding 10 kg to each hand increases the IP by about 50%. According to the equations developed, for back flexion angles less than 20°, the IP is greater in sitting than in standing. When the angle is greater than 20°, the IP in the sitting position is less than in the standing position at the same angle of back flexion.

Conclusions
Analysis of the data from the reviewed papers showed that: sitting without support increases IP by about 30% in relation to upright standing; a polynomial of the second degree defines changes in IP as a function of back flexion for for both postures. There are differences in the pattern of changes in IP with a back flexion angle between sitting and standing postures, as back flexion in standing increases IP more than in sitting.
Proposta de implementação de ferramentas do marketing digital para captação de clientes: um estudo de caso em um comércio de pequeno porte em Manaus
Authors: Marcelo Antonio Alissandro Fontes , Moriz Bruna de Almeida , Almeida Fabricio Vieira , Roberto José Carlos Alves , Pinto Junior José Roberto Lira 
Published: October 2023

Este artigo apresenta um estudo de caso que tem como objetivo analisar a estrutura organizacional de uma empresa e recomendar ações para melhorar sua eficiência. Para tanto, foram utilizados questionários, observações e pesquisas para coletar informações sobre a empresa e identificar possíveis problemas em suas operações. Com base nos resultados obtidos, foram propostas medidas para aumentar a eficiência da empresa, incluindo a implementação do marketing relacional como estratégia para atrair e fidelizar clientes de pequenos negócios. O estudo mostra a importância de ter uma estrutura organizacional clara e utilizar técnicas de gestão para melhorar a eficiência empresarial. Além disso, o artigo traz uma análise detalhada das áreas de marketing da empresa, destacando a necessidade de intervenção para melhorar o desempenho das mídias sociais da organização. O estudo também destaca a importância de realizar pesquisas de mercado com frequência para determinar as necessidades e expectativas dos clientes e adaptar os produtos da empresa a essas necessidades. A questão que norteou a pesquisa foi: “Como a implementação de ferramentas de marketing de relacionamento pode se tornar uma estratégia para pequenas empresas atraírem e fidelizarem clientes?” Esta questão foi escolhida porque a empresa estava passando por dificuldades operacionais e precisava identificar as áreas em que tinha mais sucesso. Influenciar o desempenho da empresa para tomar ações corretivas. Em resumo, os estudos de caso apresentados neste artigo destacam a importância de uma gestão eficaz para melhorar a eficiência empresarial e a importância da implementação do marketing de relacionamento como uma estratégia eficaz para atrair e reter clientes de pequenas empresas.
Perceptions of B. Ed Students on the Course of 'Understanding the Disciplines and Academic Subjects' Offered in Teacher Education Programs
Authors: Padmini S. , Ramani Pramila 
Published: October 2023

The primary objective of teacher education programs, such as the Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.), is to cultivate a profound and significant comprehension of various disciplines and academic subjects. A comprehensive understanding of multiple disciplines and school subjects is essential to the educational journey, particularly for students pursuing a Bachelor of Education (B.Ed) degree to become teachers. The course 'Understanding the Disciplines and Academic Subjects' is primarily offered in the B.Ed programme for this purpose. This study investigates students' perceptions regarding this course and the difficulties students face in comprehending sub-topics. Research Questions: What is the perception of B.Ed students regarding the course ‘Understanding Disciplines and School Subjects’ offered in the B.Ed programme at Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University? What is the perception of B.Ed students regarding the sub-topics of the course ‘Understanding Disciplines and School Subjects’ offered in the B.Ed programme at Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University? Research objectives: To understand B.Ed students' perception of the course 'Understanding Disciplines and School Subjects' offered in the B.Ed programme at Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University. Population of the Study: All B.Ed. Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University students studying in the Cuddalore district of Tamilnadu during the year 2023 constituted the study population. Thirty colleges are offering B.Ed programmes in the Cuddalore district of Tamilnadu—about three thousand students studying in these colleges. Sample of the Study: The investigators selected five hundred and twenty-three B.Ed. Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University students studying in the Cuddalore district of Tamilnadu during the year 2023 were selected randomly as the study sample. Sampling technique: Cluster Sampling was used for this study. Five of thirty colleges were randomly selected for the investigation. Hypothesis of the Study: Null Hypothesis: There is no significant difference in the perceptions of B.Ed. students' regarding the importance of learning the subject 'Understanding Disciplines and School Subjects'. The output of the study will help educators design pedagogical methods and modify the teaching-learning process to make the course understandable.
The Trends and Growth Analysis in the Area, Production and Productivity of Turmeric in Surguja District of Chhattisgarh, India
Authors: Ram Siya , Chandrakar M. R. , Atree Narottam , Patel Pradip Kumar , Gauraha A. K. , Minj Shashi Kiran 
Published: October 2023

Turmeric is an important spice crop grown in Chhattisgarh. The present study is mainly based on time series data. The secondary data on area, production and productivity of Turmeric in Chhattisgarh, were collected for the period 2001-02 to 2020-21from various publications. To analyze the trends and growth rate in the area, production and productivity of turmeric in Surguja district of Chhattisgarh state. The performance of turmeric was examined by estimating the growth rates and instability index of area, production and productivity of turmeric. Growth analysis for area, production and productivity. Focus on the Surguja district. It was positive and non-significant in the area of compound and linear growth rate, but it was positive and significant in the case of production. In terms of productivity, both compound and linear growth rate showed negatively significance. In the case of Chhattisgarh, the linear and compound growth rates in the area and production of turmeric were observed as positive and non-significant. While the growth rate in productivity in Chhattisgarh was found negatively and significant over the period. The major of constraints faced by the selected area, unavailability of improved and high yielding varieties, package and practices and Weather fluctuation. Ensure to availability of Improved and high yielding varieties for good production, productivity and good quality and Weather based information should provide for turmeric grower region.
Index-Based Change Detection, Spatial Zoning and Environmental Criticality of Urban Land Cover: A Spatiotemporal Study on Gazipur Sadar Upazila of Bangladesh
Authors: Parvin Most. Atia , Haque Md. Inzamul , Hossain Md. Anik , Bashar Abul 
Published: October 2023

Urbanization has become a comprehensive phenomenon worldwide as well as in Bangladesh. This study has tried to analyze the urban land cover change pattern of Gazipur Sadar Upazila between 2001 and 2021. This study also has made an investigation to classify the urban land cover of Gazipur Sadar Upazila based on categorical spatial zoning and analyze how urbanization affects nearby green spaces to monitor environmental criticality. Multispectral Landsat satellite imageries, population census data, air quality index, and open-ended questionnaire data were used as the operational data. Spectral indices such as NDVI, and IBI, were performed from remotely sensed satellite data. NDVI was used to extract green cover and IBI was used to extract the built-up area. Spatial zoning was done based on existing literature, expert interviews, and RS analysis. Environmental criticality was analyzed by correlating population density and air quality data with the extracted green cover. Between 2001 and 2021, the built-up area expanded by around 77.7 km2 and green cover by about 74.79 km2. Although the green cover flourished, it decreased in Tongi and Konabari. Besides, the south-western region of Gazipur experiences rapid growth in built-up areas. Three classified zones e.g., industrial and manufacturing zone, forested zone, and neutral zone were extracted from criteria-based spatial zoning. The results of green space per capita analysis showed that from 2001 to 2021, green space in the study area decreased by 10-713 m2. Environmental criticality analysis illustrated that in 2001, two regions (Tongi and Konabari) were classified as highly critical, and by 2021, this number had escalated to five (Tongi, Konabari, Kasimpur, Basan, Gaccha). Furthermore, the study uncovered that the criticality in urbanized areas is growing rapidly.