bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reforming Agricultural Extension System in Nepal: What can we adopt from selected Agriculture Led Countries?
Authors: Timsina Krishna Prasad , Subedi Sanjiv , Pandey Sunita , Devkota Deepa , Aryal Aabhash , Lamichhane Jeevan 
Published: January 2024

This paper compares the existing Nepalese agricultural extension system with other selected agriculture-led countries to explore the needs and opportunities of introducing an innovative agricultural extension system in Nepal. A review of various documents including journals, reports, and policy papers was carried out. The status of financial and human resources in agricultural extension of Nepal was assessed from 753 municipalities and 7 provinces through survey interviews and, additionally, expert consultations were done with 15 key personnel working in the field of agricultural extension in Nepal. We examined the major changes in the agricultural extension made before and after the federalization in Nepal and examined institutional arrangements and activities for agricultural sector governance after federalization. Further, three cases were selected from selected agriculture-led countries based on the working modality of research and extension either solely or jointly or in hybrid mode. The study found insufficient human resources for agriculture sector governance especially in provinces and municipalities with 37.4% and 29% of vacant positions, respectively. The recruited agriculture technicians were mostly engaged in administrative management and handout distribution rather than agricultural technology transfer. Most technicians were freshly recruited without any on-the-job training. The paper discussed about the agriculture extension approaches, service mechanisms and structure across the countries, and its relevancy in Nepal. Irrespective of operational modality of research and extension, technological advancement and application of Information Communication Technology plays an important role for the effectiveness of the extension services.
Indian Diasporic Formations in Guyana: Reading <i>Coolie Woman: The Odyssey of Indenture</i>
Authors: Prasad Murari , Jha Binod K. 
Published: January 2024

This paper deals with Gaiutra Bahadurâ€™s recently published non-fiction narrative, Coolie Woman: The Odyssey of Indenture (2013). As a sequel to the end of slavery in the 1830s, the system of indenture, though equally exploitative, served as the source of voluntary migrant labour to manage the plantation economies in far-flung British colonies. In reconstructing the traumatic experience of her great-grandmother as an indentured worker uprooted from her homeland in 1903, Bahadur has meticulously researched archival sources from which we can extrapolate the adaptive persistence of nearly 240,000 Indians who migrated to Guyana between 1838 and 1917 and became the vanguard of the Indian diaspora there.Â Â Â We propose to discuss the key characteristics of diasporas as well as the typological criteria of existing diaspora models. For this paper we adopt the theoretical conceptualisation of Susan Koshyâ€™s term â€œneo-diasporaâ€ because it fits well with the Indian case in Guyana. The Indian relation to homeland and myths of return are much more affected by ambiguity and stress than the classical model of diaspora posits. We examine Bahadurâ€™s empirical depiction and gendered articulations of the indentured Indian women, braving brutalities and, at the same time, recreating a cultural dynamic in the domestic sphere as well as shaping an incipient home in an alien regime. The paper will also probe the culturally reflexive data excavated by Bahadur to postulate that the Indian female immigrants, despite remaining fettered and embattled, contributed to family making and negotiated creolised change for cultural reproduction conducive to a distinct diasporic formation.
An Ecofeminist Reading of Beth Yahp's <i>The Crocodile Fury</i>
Authors: Sankaran Chitra 
Published: January 2024

An increasing acknowledgment of the fact that within patriarchy, the categories of â€œwomanâ€ and â€œanimalâ€ serve the same symbolic function, since they are both placed as the submissive â€œotherâ€ to masculine power, has led to a re-examination of a range of texts that highlight and connect gender concerns with the sorry plight of the non-human. As the ecofeminist Lori Gruen emphasises in her article, â€œDismantling Oppression: An Analysis of the Connection between Women and Animals,â€ this connection between women and animals is â€œnot to be understood as a â€˜naturalâ€™ connection â€“ one that suggests that women and animals are essentially similar â€“ but rather a constructed connection that has been created by the patriarchy as a means of oppressionâ€ (Gruen 61). In this chapter, I examine Beth Yahpâ€™s The Crocodile Fury. In this narrative, the â€œnon-humanâ€ and the â€œwomanâ€ are entangled in interesting ways that shed light on the use and misuse of both. Furthermore, therianthropism, namely, humans represented as animals, is a strong theme, which the allegorical nature of the narrative helps open up. I argue that the text manages to combine postcolonial concerns with postmodernist stylistics in order to make a case for the non-human Other.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-КОМУНІКАЦІЙНИХТЕХНОЛОГІЙ У ОСВІТНІЙ ПРОЦЕС МОЛОДШИХ ШКОЛЯРІВ
Authors: Мороз Ольга 
Published: January 2024

The article analyzes the essence and relationship of the concepts «learning technology», «information and communication technology of learning», «environment», «educational environment of primary school». The impact of the use of ICT in the learning process on the development of mental processes of primary school students is analyzed. It has been established that the use of information and communication technologies in the process of teaching primary school students provides a significant impact on the development of thinking, expression, attention, perception, memory, by including schoolchildren in new types of activities: algorithms, modeling, visualization, abstraction, game imagination. It has been established that the introduction of information and communication technologies into the educational process affects the environment where primary school students learn. It was determined that the digital educational environment in educational institutions should include: information support of the educational institution, the formation of the teacher's information and communication competence, computer-oriented learning tools for primary school students. Features of the use of information and communication technologies in computer science lessons are characterized.The experience of using game, project, multimedia and web technologies in the process of studying of the subject «Computer Science» is highlighted. It was established that the use of information and communication technologies allows: to increase the cognitive activity of students due to the brightness, variety in form, visibility of the educational material; to individualize the learning process using tasks of different complexity; to form the ability to work on a personal computer by using game types of tasks; to improve self-control skills, the ability to independently adjust one's activities by performing project tasks; to independently conduct educational and practical activities, developing creative activity among schoolchildren.
Why Mature Galaxies Seem to Have Filled the Universe Shortly After the Big Bang — A New Cosmological Model, that Predicted the JWST Observations
Authors: Pletcher Arthur 
Published: January 2024

The Azimulthal Hyper-Projection onto spacetime Model (AHOSM) of Cosmology is just an extension of the familiar Atlas map of a globe in geography class. The Atlas is an azimuthal projection of 3 spacial dimensions projected onto a 2 dimensional plane. The important feature of an Atlas is that the geometry expands asymptotic toward the horizon, and is therefore POSITIONALLY DEPENDENT, such that if North America is centrally positioned, then Siberia and Alaska are viewed as extremely remote. Thus if the Bering Strait were centrally positioned, then longitudinal meridians of North America would likewise be viewed as being extremely remote. AHOSM extends this concept to a hyper-projection of hyper-spacetime (4 spacial dimensions) onto spacetime. However as viewed in spacetime, geodesics appear to be expanding outward in 3 dimensional space away from the observer. Thus by extension, AHOSM is also POSITIONALLY DEPENDENT, such that the most remote galaxies only appear to be mutually separated (from each other) with extreme distance, as viewed from our central position, and vice versa our local group of Galaxies would appear to be mutually separated with extreme distances from a remote perspective.

A proposed experiment is offered to prove that the distance from Earth to Mars is measured greater from the perspective of the outer solar system and vice versa.

Red-shifting is alternatively proposed as azimuthal angular projections of wavelengths \(\lambda\). Magnitude is alternatively proposed as a function of Lambert's cosine law of illumination, over expanding geodesics. This simple parsimonious model requires only a few assumptions, excluding dark energy to satisfy the Cosmological Constant \(\Lambda\), and is shown to match the Universal expansion rate, as established from supernova cosmology survey points. Galaxy rotation curves are simply and accurately explained as measured expanding geodesics and density, along the observer's line of site

The justification of such a radically novel model is from recent observations from the first dataset, provided by NASA's James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) of six massive galaxies, at a time in the early universe, seem to defy conventional cosmological models, as they appear to be as mature and developed as our own local group. Such unexpected discoveries JUSTIFY A RADICALLY NOVEL MODEL OF COSMOLOGY. TO QUOTE JOEL LEJA, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS AT PENN STATE “IT TURNS OUT WE FOUND SOMETHING SO UNEXPECTED IT ACTUALLY CREATES PROBLEMS FOR SCIENCE. IT CALLS THE WHOLE PICTURE OF EARLY GALAXY FORMATION INTO QUESTION”.
Evaluasi Kinerja Karyawan, Kepuasan Karyawan & Kepuasan Pelanggan Rumah Makan Padang PS
Authors: Raharjo Ari WB , Elida Tety 
Published: January 2024

Rumah makan Padang PS adalah suatu bisnis restauran yang berkembang baik dan mempunyai banyak cabang. Rumah makan ini merupakan suatu lingkungan bisnis yang melibatkan banyak karyawan. Pada beberapa bulan terakhir, absen karyawan semakin meningkat dan diperlukan suatu penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap kepuasan karyawan dan kepuasan pelanggan. Penelitian ini menggunakan semua karyawan sebagai responden dan 100 pelanggan sebagai sampel dengan teknik pengambilan purposive sampling. Variabel yang diukur adalah kinerja karyawan, kepuasan karyawan dan kepuasan pelanggan. Metode yang digunakan adalah statistik deskriptif dan beberapa uji statistik seperti uji validitas, reliabilitas dan korelasi. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuisioner dengan jawaban berskala 1-10. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kinerja karyawan berpengaruh dan berkorelasi kuat dengan kepuasan karyawan, namun tidak menunjukkan korelasi dengan kepuasan pelanggan. Berdasarkan analisa deskriptif, tingkat kinerja karyawan rata-rata, tingkat kepuasan karyawan rata-rata dan tingkat kepuasan pelanggan rata-rata menunjukkan nilai yang cukup tinggi. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa kepuasan pelanggan tidak ditentukan oleh kinerja karyawan. Temuan ini sekaligus memperlihatkan perlunya digali variabel lain yang secara signifikan akan mempengaruhi kepuasan pelanggan pada rumah makan padang.
Jane Campion’s Palimpsestuous Gothic: Kinship in Top of the Lake: China Girl
Authors: Schmertz Johanna 
Published: January 2024

Schmertz’s chapter explores Top of the Lake: China Girl (2017) as a consideration of the incest taboo and the traffic in women that manifests it, framed by the work of Gayle Rubin (1975). If, Schmertz argues, Rubin critiques the practice of mapping law and culture onto sexuality and female reproduction through incest taboos, Campion’s exploration of the outsourcing of reproduction through surrogacy deepens Rubin’s assertions. With the theme of surrogacy, the cultural goal of exogamy established by the incest taboo is exploded from within by Campion, in what the director calls an ‘ovarian’ rather than ‘feminist’ practice (Vineyard 2017). Schmertz argues that Campion thus takes us back to a non-differentiated, pre-civilized space, harnessing the disruptive potential of Gothic themes. In this way, China Girl critiques social structures created through exclusion and division rather than attachment, proscription rather than connection. In the ocean’s ebbs and flows, in its liminal spaces that signify birth and return to origins, Schmertz argues Campion’s ‘mother’ returns to threaten patriarchal structures in order to reclaim her child. The director’s palimpsestuous approach to exploring the family, according to Schmertz, explodes kinship structures, so that new ways of ‘making kin’ can occur.
Medieval Syria and the Onset of the Crusades
Authors: Wilson James 
Published: January 2024

This book re-examines the pre and early Crusading period from a Syrian perspective. During the period covered in this book (1050–1128), northern Syria was subjected to a series of invasions from the east and west by the nomadic Seljuq Turks and European Crusaders. This migration of militant peoples from the Eurasian Steppe and western Europe inserted a new set of political elites into a complex frontier zone already beset by numerous conflicts fought along several ethno-cultural and religious contours. Surveying this turbulent chapter of Syrian history from multiple perspectives, this book recalibrates the underlying power dynamics of the late eleventh and early twelfth centuries. By adopting a regional focus, it reassesses both the impact that the establishment of Turkish and Crusader lordships had upon bilad al-sham (Greater Syria) and the reactions of Syria’s established ruling elite to this unprecedented sequence of events.
Surveillance and its Ambiguities
Authors: Sabot Philippe 
Published: January 2024

What is the relevance, in our time, of the notion of a surveillance society, as popularised by Foucault in Discipline and Punish? In this contribution, we show in particular how contemporary surveillance apparatuses, linked to the development of 'societies of control' or even 'expository society', are born of contradictory desires and sustain ambiguous divisions between private and public, freedom and security. How can we reconcile, on the one hand, a reluctance to implement control procedures that have the effect of limiting our freedom in fact and sometimes in law, and on the other hand, a deep-rooted desire for security that itself calls for tighter control of some acts, some behaviours and even so-called 'at-risk' populations? How can we reconcile the desire to expose ourselves (on social networks) with the possibility of resisting the grip of the permanent surveillance that ensues? Questions such as these bring Foucault's concepts up to date, confronting them in particular with the contemporary deployment of digital identities that reinforce the ambiguity of our relationship with surveillance appartuses presenting themselves as obvious tools for free self-expression.
Deliberative Minipublics and Climate Change Policy
Authors: Setälä Maija , Kulha Katariina , Sormunen Hilma 
Published: January 2024

Based on a case study of a Citizens’ Jury on climate policies in Finland, this chapter examines the prospects and the challenges associated with using deliberative minipublics in future-regarding policymaking processes. The Finnish government has set an ambitious goal of achieving carbon neutrality by 2035. In Spring 2021, the government sponsored a Citizens’ Jury and tasked it with deliberating the most controversial aspects of the government’s climate policy. This chapter outlines the details of the minipublic process and analyses surveys with participants and interviews with policymakers. The authors argue that minipublics can help governments identify potential problem areas or policies that might undermine threaten their ability to make—and maintain—long-term commitments in climate policy. Nevertheless, the Citizens’ Jury did not fundamentally challenge or alter the elite-driven nature of long-term decision-making in Finland.
The New Vienna School of Art History
Authors: Verstegen Ian 
Published: January 2024

Often seen as an enticing but ultimately failed, and even dangerous, alternative to the predominant iconological humanism of Erwin Panofsky, the so-called "second" or "younger" Viennese school associated with Hans Sedlmayr and Otto Pächt and their short-lived journal, Kunstwissenschaftliche Forschungen has generally not been taken seriously. Arguing that this assessment is tainted by a nominalist bias engendered by the Cold War, this book is an account of the theory and practice of these practitioners and demonstrates the strong dependence of these writers on the work of Gestalt psychology which was emerging at the time. Gestalt theory emerges as the master key to interpreting Sedlmayr and Pächt’s ideas about art and history and how it affected their practices. Only by setting aside biographical issues and questioning tacit notions of ‘holism,’ we begin to perceive a practice-based approach to history that is more attuned to the visuality of art than is Panofsky’s discursive alternative. This fresh interpretive apparatus casts light on the power and originality of Sedlmayr’s and Pächt’s theoretical and empirical writings. In addition, it demonstrates the existence of a genealogy of Vienna formalism coursing throughout most of the twentieth century, encompassing Johannes Wilde and his students at the Courtauld as well as Otto Demus in Byzantine studies. Ultimately, by bringing Gestalt theory to the surface, we can dispel misunderstandings about the Vienna School theory and attain a deeper understanding of the promise that a Gestalt analytic holism offered.
‘She had her hand on the plow’: Shame, Uncertainty and Transformation in The Corn King and the Spring Queen
Authors: Hubble Nick 
Published: January 2024

This chapter examines the interplay between tradition and change, uncertainty and certainty, male and female, and reason and magic in Naomi Mitchison’s epic novel of 1931, The Corn King and the Spring Queen. In particular, it analyses Mitchison’s working through of these binaries in terms of the problem of how to transform reality. As part of this discussion, the chapter will relate the novel to Mitchison's body of work as a whole.
Can Flush Count?: Virginia Woolf, Animality and Numbers
Authors: Goldman Jane 
Published: January 2024

'Can Flush Count?' The short answer is 'Yes—But, in more ways than one!' This essay counts some of the ways, and after much calculation concludes with the numerical answer: '555'. The historical, lived dog, Flush, companion of the poet Elizabeth Barrett-Browning, given to her by Mary Russell Mitford, and the subject of Virginia Woolf's novel Flush: A Biography (1933) was apparently taught to count: 'It is amusing to see him stir his little head at "two" & then correct himself—and still more amusing to observe how, at every unqualified success, he turns round & looks at Arabel for applause.' But this parlour game is possibly the least interesting aspect of this essay's investigation into numbers and animality in Woolf's best-selling but least critically scrutinised novel. It considers canine counting and Woolf's own recorded suspicion of measuring—'Who shall measure the heat and violence of a poet's heart when caught and tangled in a woman's body?'—in relation to Derrida's dictum 'Counting is a bad procedure' to argue that Flush: A Biography, Woolf's much neglected ground-breaking work on animality, really does count.
Animal–Human Entanglements in the Canadian Wild Animal Stories of Charles G. D. Roberts
Authors: Cullen Lauren 
Published: January 2024

One of the most inventive and distinctive formal and generic interventions into modern writings about animals was the advent of the realistic wild animal story at the turn-of-the-century. As Adrian Hunter has pointed out, it was in the 1890s that ‘a three-way alignment between realism, the short story, and various forms of cultural radicalism and avant-gardism came into being,’ signalling the advent of a new modernist moment. The wild animal story, resultantly, demonstrates the current renegotiation of modernist literary and cultural contours with its formal and thematic preoccupations. Pioneered by Canadian writers Sir Charles G.D. Roberts and Ernest Thompson Seton, this unique genre interwove fiction with accounts of animal behaviour based on developments in animal psychology, cognitive ethology, and Darwinian theory. This chapter analyses how these authors use established narrative strategies such as naming, perspective, and narration, as well as more porous and prolific techniques such as identification and relationality. Roberts’s positioning of this genre as a means of reaching an ‘enlightened’ and ‘spiritual’ understanding of the ‘world of wonder’ opened by animal psychology, however, also raises political, cultural, and ethical questions about settler-colonialism. This chapter throws open the geographical, temporal, and aesthetic boundaries of these late nineteenth into twentieth century works to interrogate the unique contribution that the wild animal story provides to broader discussions of nonhuman animals in modernity.
Encountering Female Human Animal Becomings in Leonora Carrington’s Surrealist Hybrid Tales
Authors: Eckersley Karen 
Published: January 2024

By identifying herself as a ‘female human animal’, surrealist Leonora Carrington speaks to her position as a marginalised modernist whose writing and art operate outside of androcentric, humanist frameworks. In her essay ‘What is a Woman?’ (1970) she aligns her gender with the cause of ‘organic life’ and non-human animals, calling upon ‘the Women of the world’ to ‘step out of the mechanical trap and refuse’ thus forcing ‘men to allow life to survive on this planet.’ Focusing upon Carrington’s short stories ‘As They Rode Along the Edge’ (1937-40) and ‘Jemima and the Wolf’ (1937-40) this chapter argues that her hybrid human-animals anticipate a post-anthropocentrism in the manner that they transgress humanist borderlines but also conjure a communion with the animal world, thereby forging feminist ecologies. Both characters Virginia Fur and Jemima are transgressive in the manner that they ‘refuse’, but what is suggested here is that they embody an affirmative shift outside of Cartesian thinking where their hybridity is indicative of their own animality as well as an ontological inter-connection with all animal life. Carrington’s metamorphic praxis is exhibited in the multi-species assemblages that burst forth in her narratives, her multi-verse of hybridised species highlights the myopia of anthropocentrism whilst forging an affirmative, post-human realm where animals are ourselves and our kin.