bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships between coping style and PAI profiles in a community sample1
Authors: Deisinger Julie A. , Cassisi Jeffrey E. , Whitaker Sandra L. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractRelationships between coping style and psychological functioning were examined in a heterogeneous community sample (N = 168). Psychological functioning was categorized with the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI; Morey, 1991). Subjects were assigned to PAI configurai profile clusters, using T‐scores from PAI clinical scales. Three PAI clusters were prominent in this sample: normal, anxious, and eccentric. Multivariate analysis of covariance revealed that these clusters differed significantly in coping style, as measured by the dispositional format of the COPE Inventory (Carver, Scheier, & Weintraub, 1989). Normals coped through avoidance significantly less than anxious or eccentric subjects. Also, normals engaged in seeking social support and venting more than eccentric but less than anxious subjects. Gender differences also were noted, with women more likely to cope by seeking social support and men more likely to cope through hedonistic escapism. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.
Comparing two self‐report measures of coping— the Sense of Coherence Scale and the Defense Style Questionnaire1
Authors: Sammallahti Pirkko R. , Holi Matti J. , Komulainen Erkki J. , Aalberg Veikko A. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractAntonovsky's Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC) and Bond's Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ) were compared in a sample of 334 community controls and 122 psychiatric outpatients. The major question was, whether the two coping inventories with different theoretical backgrounds—stress research vs. psychoanalysis—tap similar phenomena. The affinity of the two coping measures was evident: in multiple regression analysis defenses explained 68% of the variance in sense of coherence. Not surprisingly, the SOC scale—emerging out of the salutogenic orientation—showed more expertise in measuring how people manage when they do well, whereas the DSQ—with its theoretical roots deep in psychopathology—was most sensitive to how people manage when they do rather poorly. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.
Red flags and religious coping: Identifying some religious warning signs among people in crisis1
Authors: Pargament Kenneth I. , Zinnbauer Brian J. , Scott Allie B. , Butter Eric M. , Zerowin Jill , Stanik Patricia 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThis study attempts to identify some of the signs of ineffective religious involvement in coping. Drawing from a process/integration model of efficacious coping, three broad types of religious warning signs were defined and 11 subscales were developed. These subscales were administered to a group of Roman Catholic church members and two groups of college undergraduates who had experienced different types of negative life events in the past two years. Statistical analyses were conducted to determine the relationship between these subscales and measures of general mental health and event specific outcome. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are considered. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.
Use of the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations in a clinically depressed sample: Factor structure, personality correlates, and prediction of distress1
Authors: McWilliams Lachlan A. , Cox Brian J. , Enns Murray W. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS; Endler & Parker, 1990) is a self‐report measure of Emotion‐, Task‐, and Avoidance‐oriented coping. The psychometric properties of the CISS were evaluated in a large sample of outpatients with major depressive disorder (N = 298). The CISS scales demonstrated good reliability and support for their factorial validity was obtained. Relationships between the CISS scales and the broad personality domains from the five‐factor model of personality, as well as two measures of emotional distress, were examined. Less‐adaptive coping strategies (i.e., Emotion‐oriented coping) were associated with less‐adaptive personality traits (i.e., Neuroticism) and with psychological distress (i.e., Depression), whereas the reverse was found regarding adaptive coping strategies (i.e., Task‐orientated coping). The incremental validity of the CISS was demonstrated by multiple‐regression analyses that found two CISS scales accounted for significant variance in psychological distress beyond that contributed by the demographic and personality variables. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.
A posteriori error approximation in EFG method
Authors: Gavete L. , Gavete M. L. , Alonso B. , Martín A. J. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractRecently, considerable effort has been devoted to the development of the so‐called meshless methods. Meshless methods still require considerable improvement before they equal the prominence of finite elements in computer science and engineering. One of the paths in the evolution of meshless methods has been the development of the element free Galerkin (EFG) method. In the EFG method, it is obviously important that the ‘a posteriori error’ should be approximated.An ‘a posteriori error’ approximation based on the moving least‐squares method is proposed, using the solution, computed from the EFG method. The error approximation procedure proposed in this paper is simple to construct and requires, at most, nearest neighbour information from the EFG solution. The formulation is based on employing different moving least‐squares approximations. Different selection strategies of the moving least‐squares approximations have been used and compared, to obtain optimum values of the parameters involved in the approximation of the error.The performance of the developed approximation of the error is illustrated by analysing different examples for two‐dimensional (2D) potential and elasticity problems, using regular and irregular clouds of points. The implemented procedure of error approximation allows the global energy norm error to be estimated and also provides a good evaluation of local errors. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A method for structural dynamic contact problems with friction and wear
Authors: Strömberg Niclas 
Published: November 2003

AbstractA method for structural dynamic contact problems with friction and wear is suggested. The method is obtained by including wear in the non‐smooth contact dynamics method of Moreau. A comparison of the method to the discrete energy‐momentum method of Simo and Tarnow is also outlined briefly. The fully discrete equations are treated using the augmented Lagrangian approach, where a non‐smooth Newton method is used as the equation solver. Two two‐dimensional examples are solved by the method. It is investigated how solutions of contact, friction and wear are influenced by inertia. It is shown that the quasi‐static assumption might be questionable for solving contact problems with friction and wear. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment satisfaction and metabolic outcome in patients with type 2 diabetes starting insulin: one‐to‐one vs group therapy
Authors: Erskine PJ , Idris I , Daly H , Scott AR 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) confirmed that intensive therapy resulting in optimal glycaemic control (HbA1C7%) reduces the risk of microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes. The understanding that type 2 diabetes is a progressive disease has resulted in many patients being converted from tablets to insulin following secondary failure of hypoglycaemic agents. Recognising the need for early intervention, increasing numbers of patients are being referred from primary care for initiation of insulin therapy. To cope with this increase in demand, group education insulin starter groups were introduced at our centre in 1999.The aim of this study was to retrospectively compare the one‐year outcome in terms of metabolic and treatment satisfaction parameters for all patients with type 2 diabetes who were converted to insulin conventionally in a one‐to‐one setting with a diabetes specialist nurse (1997–1998) or via group education insulin starter groups (1999–2000).Records of consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes, converted to insulin during 1997–1998 (conventional one‐to‐one group) and 1999–2000 (insulin starter group) were audited for baseline parameters and one‐year follow‐up outcomes. Treatment satisfaction was measured using the Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQ).Both conventional one‐to‐one (n=64) and insulin starter group (n=69) therapy were equally matched for age, duration of diabetes and initial weight. Initial glycaemic control was significantly higher with one‐to‐one teaching compared with group therapy (fructosamine 479±99µmol/L vs 439±82µmol/L respectively, p=0.01). At one year, glycaemic control was similar for both groups (one‐to‐one 381±72µmol/L vs insulin starter group 397±76µmol/L, p=NS). Similar numbers of patients in both groups achieved target glycaemic control of <350µmol/L fructosamine. General treatment satisfaction in the insulin starter group setting (30.4±7) was significantly greater than one‐to‐one teaching (26.9±8, p=0.001), out of a maximum score of 36, measured using the DTSQ.In conclusion, conversion to insulin can be successfully achieved through group sessions, with patients reporting greater treatment satisfaction than those receiving one‐to‐one teaching. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hypertension in diabetes: what's new, what's true, what's next?
Authors: Perry CG , Kernohan AFB , Petrie JR 
Published: November 2003

AbstractUntil recently, people with type 2 diabetes were excluded from hypertension trials and diabetes care ignored the importance of managing hypertension, instead focusing exclusively on glycaemia. However, recent large clinical trials have confirmed that tight blood pressure control is central to the management of type 2 diabetes and compares favourably with good glycaemic control. Here we review the evidence base that has emerged from these trials and consider the implications for improving the care of people with diabetes. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Running a nurse‐led hypertension clinic to empower patients and achieve blood pressure targets
Authors: Trowbridge S , Cavan D , Kerr D 
Published: November 2003

AbstractAt Bournemouth, we have developed a blood pressure service for patients with diabetes and established complications, which aims to empower patients to take responsibility for their heath. High‐risk patients with diabetes and hypertension are able to monitor their blood pressure and adjust their medicaton competently when given clear instructions and education. Patients are likely to require up to three antihypertensive drugs to manage their blood pressure. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of fluoride oxalate tubes to monitor the accuracy of home capillary glucose measurements during pregnancy
Authors: Stanaway SERS , Schofield CE , Nicholson A , Smethurst P , Ewins DL , Worth RC 
Published: November 2003

AbstractTight control of glycaemia during gestation is the mainstay of antenatal care in women with diabetes. This relies heavily on blood glucose monitoring. A simple technique for assessing the accuracy of the patients' own blood glucose monitoring is described. The method involves patients collecting a few drops of blood in fluoride oxalate‐coated plastic capillary tubes, which they store in their own refrigerator before delivery for laboratory analysis on the day of the antenatal clinic assessment. The readings can be compared with blood glucose monitor readings recorded by the patient and subsequently used by clinicians and nurses to guide therapy. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maternal hyperglycaemia – food for thought
Authors: Dornhorst A 
Published: November 2003

AbstractImprovements in obstetric and diabetic care over the last fifty years have ensured that the majority of diabetic women today give birth to a live and healthy infant. However, there is increasing evidence that these children undergo metabolic adaptation in utero, due to maternal hyperglycaemia, which predisposes them to future obesity and type 2 diabetes. With the rise in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes among women of child‐bearing age, the number of pregnancies affected by maternal hyperglycaemia will continue to increase. In the Native American population, maternal hyperglycaemia has been shown to be a major contributor to adolescent obesity and type 2 diabetes. To what extent maternal hyperglycaemia is fuelling the global rise in obesity and type 2 diabetes is unknown, but on available evidence its contribution is likely to be highly significant. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chronic malaise in uncontrolled type 2 diabetes due to obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Large DM , Routledge A , Cowley ML , Mustchin CP , Gibson GJ 
Published: November 2003

AbstractA 57‐year‐old morbidly obese man with type 2 diabetes for five years, poorly controlled on gliclazide therapy, was referred with hyperglycaemic symptoms including severe daytime malaise and weariness. Features of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSA) were identified, and confirmed by limited polysomnography. Treatment with nocturnal nasal continuous positive airways pressure (CPAP) was instituted with dramatic relief of daytime symptoms, including morning headaches and also nocturia, which might otherwise have been attributed to changes in blood glucose. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An educational class on diabetes self‐management during Ramadan
Authors: Chowdhury TA , Hussain HA , Hayes M 
Published: November 2003

AbstractAll healthy Muslims are required to fast during the month of Ramadan. Diabetes is common among UK Muslims, and poses a considerable challenge for such patients, who feel the spiritual need to fast. Many patients, particularly those on insulin therapy, require considerable advice and support to manage their fast during the month of Ramadan. In our unit, around 50% of our patients with type 2 diabetes are of Bangladeshi origin. In this article, we describe a Patient Group Education Class for management of diabetes over Ramadan. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving polyethylene–octene elastomer/chitosan by graftation of acrylic acid onto polyethylene–octene elastomer—mechanical properties and biodegradability examination and composites characterization
Authors: Wu Chin‐San 
Published: November 2003

AbstractIn this study, the properties of polyethylene–octene elastomer/chitosan (POE/chitosan) and acrylic acid (AA)‐grafted‐polyethylene–octene elastomer/chitosan (POE‐g‐AA/chitosan) were examined using various characterizing instruments. Mechanical and thermal properties of POE deteriorated noticeably when it was blended with chitosan, due to the unsatisfactory compatibility between the two phases. The greater compatibility of POE‐g‐AA with chitosan, due to the formation of ester carbonyl and imide groups, led to a much better dispersion and homogeneity of chitosan in the POE‐g‐AA matrix and consequently to noticeably better mechanical properties. Furthermore, with a lower melting point temperature, the POE‐g‐AA/chitosan blend was more easily processed than POE/chitosan. POE‐g‐AA/chitosan had a higher water resistance than POE/chitosan. Both blends suffered weight loss when buried in soil, especially at high levels of chitosan substitution, indicating that both were biodegradable. The mechanical properties of both blends, such as tensile strength and elongation at break, also deteriorated after being buried in soil. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 3882–3891, 2003
Mechanism and kinetics of the crosslinking reaction between biopolymers containing primary amine groups and genipin
Authors: Butler Michael F. , Ng Yiu‐Fai , Pudney Paul D. A. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe reaction mechanism of chitosan, bovine serum albumin (BSA), and gelatin with genipin (a natural crosslinking reagent) was examined with infrared, ultraviolet–visible, and 13C NMR spectroscopies; protein‐transfer reaction mass spectrometry; photon correlation spectroscopy; and dynamic oscillatory rheometry. Two reactions that proceeded at different rates led to the formation of crosslinks between primary amine groups. The fastest reaction to occur was a nucleophilic attack on genipin by a primary amine group that led to the formation of a heterocyclic compound of genipin linked to the glucosamine residue in chitosan and the basic residues in BSA and gelatin. The second, slower, reaction was the nucleophilic substitution of the ester group possessed by genipin to form a secondary amide link with chitosan, BSA, or gelatin. A decreased crosslinking rate in the presence of deuterium oxide rather than water suggested that acid catalysis was necessary for one or both of the reactions to proceed. The behavior of the gel time with polymer concentration was consistent with second‐order gelation kinetics resulting from an irreversible crosslinking process, but was complicated by the oxygen radical‐induced polymerization of genipin that caused the gels to assume a blue color in the presence of air. The lower elastic modulus attained after a given time during crosslinking of the globular protein BSA as compared to the coiled protein gelatin, despite possessing more crosslinkable basic residues, demonstrated the importance of protein secondary and tertiary structures in determining the availability of sites for crosslinking with genipin in protein systems. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 3941–3953, 2003
Conjugation of arginine–glycine–aspartic acid peptides to thermoreversible N‐isopropylacrylamide polymers
Authors: Smith Erin , Bai Jiang , Oxenford Cassie , Yang Jennifer , Somayaji Ranjani , Uludag Hasan 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThermoreversible polymeric biomaterials are finding increased acceptance in tissue engineering applications. One drawback of the polymers is their synthetic nature, which does not allow direct interaction of mammalian cells with the polymers. This limitation may be alleviated by grafting arginine–glycine–aspartic acid (RGD) containing peptides onto the polymer backbone to facilitate interactions with cell‐surface integrins. Toward this goal, N‐isopropylacrylamide (NiPAM)‐based thermoreversible polymers containing amine‐reactive N‐acryloxysuccinimide (NASI) groups were synthesized. Conjugation of RGD‐containing peptides to polymers was demonstrated with 1H NMR spectroscopy and reverse‐phase high‐pressure liquid chromatography. The conjugation reaction was optimal at 4 °C and pH of 8.0, and increased with the increasing NASI content of polymers. With a peptide grafting ratio of 0.25 mol %, there was no significant change in the lower critical solution temperature of the polymers. Finally, the NASI‐containing polymers, cast as films, on tissue culture polystyrene, were shown to conjugate to RGD‐containing peptides and support C2C12 cell attachment. We conclude that NASI‐containing thermoreversible polymers are amenable for grafting biomimetic peptides to impart cell adhesiveness to the polymers. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 3989–4000, 2003
Influence of nitroxide structure on the 2,5‐ and 2,6‐spirodicyclohexyl substituted cyclic nitroxide‐mediated free‐radical polymerization of styrene
Authors: Aldabbagh Fawaz , Dervan Paul , Phelan Marisa , Gilligan Karen , Cunningham Desmond , McArdle Patrick , Zetterlund Per B. , Yamada Bunichiro 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe 2,6‐spirodicyclohexyl substituted nitroxide, cyclohexane‐1‐spiro‐2′‐(3′,5′‐dioxo‐4′‐benzylpiperazine‐1′‐oxyl)‐6′‐spiro‐1″‐cyclohexane (BODAZ), was investigated as a mediator for controlled/living free‐radical polymerization of styrene. The values of the number‐average molecular weight increased linearly with conversion, but the polydispersities were higher than for the corresponding 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinyl‐1‐oxy (TEMPO) and 2,5‐bis(spirocyclohexyl)‐3‐benzylimidazolidin‐4‐one‐1‐oxyl (NO88Bn) mediated systems at approximately 2.2 and 1.6 at 100 and 120 °C, respectively. These results were reflected in the rate coefficients obtained by electron spin resonance spectroscopy; at 120 °C, the values of the rate coefficients for polystyrene‐BODAZ alkoxyamine dissociation (kd), combination of BODAZ and propagating radicals (kc), and the equilibrium constant (K) were 1.60 × 10−5 s−1, 5.19 × 106 M−1 s−1, and 3.08 × 10−12 M, respectively. The value of kd was approximately one and two orders of magnitude lower, and that of K was approximately 20 and 7 times lower than for the NO88Bn and TEMPO adducts. These results are explained in terms of X‐ray crystal structures of BODAZ and NO88Bn; the six‐membered ring of BODAZ deviates significantly from planarity as compared to the planar five‐membered ring of NO88Bn and possesses a benzyl substituent oriented away from the nitroxyl group leading to a seemingly more exposed oxyl group, which resulted in a higher kc and a lower kd than NO88Bn. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 3892–3900, 2003
Segmented poly[2‐methoxy‐5‐(2‐ethylhexyloxy)‐1,4‐phenylene vinylene] via xanthate and dithiocarbamate precursors: A comparative study of thermal eliminations
Authors: Padmanaban G. , Nagesh K. , Ramakrishnan S. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractSegmented poly[2‐methoxy‐5‐(2‐ethylhexloxy)‐1,4‐phenylene vinylene] (MEH‐PPV)‐x's, which contain conjugated segments of varying lengths that are interspersed by nonconjugated units along the polymer backbone, were synthesized by selective thermal elimination of precursors containing controlled amounts (x) of a thermally labile group, namely, xanthate or dithiocarbamate (DTC). These precursors were in turn synthesized by competitive nucleophilic substitution of the Wessling polyelectrolyte with varying molar fractions of the respective nucleophiles—potassium ethyl xanthate or sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate. Methanol, used as the reaction medium, also served to introduce the second thermally less labile nucleophilic substituent. This approach for the preparation of segmented MEH‐PPV‐x is superior to the previous approach that used acetate as the thermally labile group, because it offers greater control over the composition despite a simpler synthetic procedure. Detailed studies of the thermal‐elimination kinetics of the three precursors, namely, acetate, xanthate, and DTC, both in solution and in thin films, were carried by in situ monitoring of their ultraviolet–visible spectra. These studies revealed that the rates of elimination followed the order, DTC > xanthate > acetate. The activation energies for the elimination were, however, not widely different (ca. 30 kcal/mol), suggesting that the rates primarily reflected differences in the pre‐exponential factor. After elimination, the segmented MEH‐PPV‐x samples exhibited the expected redshift in their absorption and fluorescence spectra with an increasing molar fraction (x) of eliminated segments, which was accompanied by a drastic reduction in the fluorescence quantum yields. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 3929–3940, 2003