bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A real-time and accurate convolutional neural network for fabric defect detection
Authors: Li Xueshen , Zhu Yong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAs a practical and challenging task, deep learning-based methods have achieved effective results for fabric defect detection, however, most of them mainly target detection accuracy at the expense of detection speed. Therefore, we propose a fabric defect detection method called PEI-YOLOv5. First, Particle Depthwise Convolution (PDConv) is proposed to extract spatial features more efficiently while reducing redundant computations and memory access, reducing model computation and improving detection speed. Second, Enhance-BiFPN(EB) is proposed based on the structure of BiFPN to enhance the attention of spatial and channel feature maps and the fusion of information at different scales. Third, we improve the loss function and propose IN loss, which improves the problem that the original IOU loss is weak in detecting small targets while speeding up the convergence of the model. Finally, five more common types of defects were selected for training in the GuangDong TianChi fabric defect dataset, and using our proposed PEI-YOLOv5 with only 0.2 Giga Floating Point Operations (GFLOPs) increase, the mAP improved by 3.61%, reaching 87.89%. To demonstrate the versatility of PEI-YOLOv5, we additionally evaluated this in the NEU surface defect database, with the mAP of 79.37%. The performance of PEI-YOLOv 5 in these two datasets surpasses the most advanced fabric defect detection methods at present. We deployed the model to the NVIDIA Jetson TX2 embedded development board, and the detection speed reached 31 frames per second (Fps), which can fully meet the speed requirements of real-time detection.
Point cloud completion network for 3D shapes with morphologically diverse structures
Authors: Si Chun-Jing , Yin Zhi-Ben , Fan Zhen-Qi , Liu Fu-Yong , Niu Rong , Yao Na , Shen Shi-Quan , Shi Ming-Deng , Xi Ya-Jun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPoint cloud completion is a challenging task that involves predicting missing parts in incomplete 3D shapes. While existing strategies have shown effectiveness on point cloud datasets with regular shapes and continuous surfaces, they struggled to manage the morphologically diverse structures commonly encountered in real-world scenarios. This research proposed a new point cloud completion method, called SegCompletion, to derive complete 3D geometries from a partial shape with different structures and discontinuous surfaces. To achieve this, morphological segmentation was introduced before point cloud completion by deep hierarchical feature learning on point sets, and thus, the complex morphological structure was segmented into regular shapes and continuous surfaces. Additionally, each instance of a point cloud that belonged to the same type of feature could also be effectively identified using HDBSCAN (Hierarchical Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise). Furthermore, the multiscale generative network achieved sophisticated patching of missing point clouds under the same geometric feature based on feature points. To compensate for the variance in the mean distances between the centers of the patches and their closest neighbors, a simple yet effective uniform loss was utilized. A number of experiments on ShapeNet and Pheno4D datasets have shown the performance of SegCompletion on public datasets. Moreover, the contribution of SegCompletion to our dataset (Cotton3D) was discussed. The experimental results demonstrated that SegCompletion performed better than existing methods reported in the literature.
MXene Hollow Spheres Supported by a C–Co Exoskeleton Grow MWCNTs for Efficient Microwave Absorption
Authors: Wu Ze , Tan Xiuli , Wang Jianqiao , Xing Youqiang , Huang Peng , Li Bingjue , Liu Lei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHigh-performance microwave absorption (MA) materials must be studied immediately since electromagnetic pollution has become a problem that cannot be disregarded. A straightforward composite material, comprising hollow MXene spheres loaded with C–Co frameworks, was prepared to develop multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). A high impedance and suitable morphology were guaranteed by the C–Co exoskeleton, the attenuation ability was provided by the MWCNTs endoskeleton, and the material performance was greatly enhanced by the layered core–shell structure. When the thickness was only 2.04 mm, the effective absorption bandwidth was 5.67 GHz, and the minimum reflection loss (RLmin) was − 70.70 dB. At a thickness of 1.861 mm, the sample calcined at 700 °C had a RLmin of − 63.25 dB. All samples performed well with a reduced filler ratio of 15 wt%. This paper provides a method for making lightweight core–shell composite MA materials with magnetoelectric synergy.
Gratitude in the Time of the Coronavirus: A
Thematic Analysis of the Three Good Things in Young Adults
Authors: Di Blasi Zelda , O’Doherty Megan , van Zyl Llewellyn E. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has significantly disrupted the daily lives of
college students, resulting in elevated levels of stress, anxiety, and isolation.
Research suggests positive psychology interventions aimed at practicing gratitude,
offer potential benefits in reducing these common mental health problems. However,
there is a limited understanding of how or why these interventions work nor what
function gratitude plays in the lives of young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.
As such, the purpose of the paper was to explore the sources and targets of
gratitude of college students during the COVID-10 lockdown in Ireland. This study
aimed analyse the content of the ‘Three Good Things’ intervention as
reported by young adults during the COVID-19 lockdowns in Ireland. A total of 109
college students participated in a 7-day online ‘Three Good Things’
intervention, where they were prompted to reflect on and document three positive
experiences each day. Participants were asked to elaborate on how these experiences
made them feel and to highlight their role in facilitating these positive
experiences. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the 2,200 submitted responses.
The findings revealed three overarching themes relating to participants’
expressions of gratitude during the COVID-19 lockdown: (1) cultivating positive
social interactions, (2) prioritizing meaningful self-care, and (3) fostering hope
for a more normal life post-pandemic. By delving into the lived experiences of
college students, this study sheds light on the elements central to their
expressions of gratitude during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings underscore the
importance of social connections, self-care practices, and hopeful prospects as
sources of gratitude among students.
How to Define ‘Moral Realism’
Authors: Swinburne Richard 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe paper considers three possible definitions of what it is for an action to be ‘morally’ good: (1) that it is overall important to do; (2) that it is overall important to do in virtue of a universalisable principle; and (3) that it is overall important to do in virtue of a universalisable principle, belonging to a system of such principles, which includes almost all of certain moral fixed points. I defend (3) and show how we can reach such a system, starting from the basic beliefs with which we find ourselves, through the process of reflective equilibrium. Moral realism is then the doctrine that there is such a system of true moral beliefs. My optimistic view is that all human communities could eventually reach the same such system. But, if they cannot, then there will be two (or more) different such systems, and so two (or more) different senses of ‘moral realism’.
Low-cost solutions for mobile passive radar based on multichannel DPCA and NULA configurations
Authors: Quirini Andrea , Blasone Giovanni Paolo , Colone Fabiola , Lombardo Pierfrancesco 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate low-cost solutions for enabling ground moving target indication applications with multichannel mobile passive radar systems. As known, in order to be competitive with their active counterparts, passive radars are typically characterized by severe constraints in terms of cost, complexity, and compactness, especially when installed on moving platforms. On the one hand, carrying out the computations onboard requires processing techniques as simple as possible. On the other hand, the need for lightweight and compact systems that can be installed on a moving platform requires using a limited number of receiving channels. To meet these requirements, we propose a series of nonadaptive detectors based on multichannel displaced phase center antennas, which allow suppressing the Doppler-spread clutter component without requiring computationally intensive space–time adaptive processing techniques. Moreover, we explore the use of nonuniformly spaced array configurations on receive, which represent a good alternative to conventional uniform linear arrays when a limited number of receiving channels can be implemented. The effectiveness of the proposed processing techniques and antenna design solutions is demonstrated via numerical analysis for the case of a DVB-T-based mobile passive radar system.
Viscosity of Cohesive Sediment‐Laden Flows: Experimental and Empirical Methods
Authors: Shen Xiaoteng , Lin Mingze , Pan Fang , P.‐Y. Maa Jerome , Ha Ho Kyung , Bi Qilong , Shao Yuyang , Zhang Jinfeng , Wu Zi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe rheological behaviors of suspended sediments are crucial for investigating near‐bed particle dynamics; for these investigations, the viscosity of a highly concentrated suspension is primarily focused on quantifying its resistance to deformation. By using a rotational viscometer, the relationships between relative viscosities (ηr) for different sediment types and their volumetric concentrations (ϕ) are studied for low‐to high‐concentration slurries. The results show that the conventional Einstein formula for diluted sand severely underestimates ηr. In the case of pure silts and non‐cohesive quartz, ηr demonstrates a gradual linear increase, reaching values around order of 101 as ϕ increases within the range of 0.2–0.4. Meanwhile, the ηr values of clays exhibit an exponential rise before leveling off at a plateau. Specifically, the ηr values of kaolinite, montmorillonite, and bentonite rise with ϕ lower than 0.3 and reach to plateau of values of thousands, which rise more rapidly than chlorite and illite. The modified viscosity model based on Costa (2005, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL024303) agrees reasonably well with observations and produces similar ηr ∼ ϕ relationships. In addition, the model is coupled with a hydrodynamic model to simulate the deposition of a thickened tailings slurry and a one‐dimensional dam break. The proposed model performs well in predicting the quasi‐equilibrium profiles of the non‐Newtonian fluid, which are validated by available analytical solutions. The results suggest that future models should be focused on the effects of flow properties, especially for non‐Newtonian fluids, and on large‐scale modeling applications, which can increase the accuracy of predictions of the transport characteristics of sediments and pollutants in rivers, lakes, and coastal areas.
State-transition modeling of blood transcriptome predicts disease evolution and treatment response in chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Frankhouser David E. , Rockne Russell C. , Uechi Lisa , Zhao Dandan , Branciamore Sergio , O’Meally Denis , Irizarry Jihyun , Ghoda Lucy , Ali Haris , Trent Jeffery M. , Forman Stephen , Fu Yu-Hsuan , Kuo Ya-Huei , Zhang Bin , Marcucci Guido 
Published: February 2024

AbstractChronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is initiated and maintained by BCR::ABL which is clinically targeted using tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). TKIs can induce long-term remission but are also not curative. Thus, CML is an ideal system to test our hypothesis that transcriptome-based state-transition models accurately predict cancer evolution and treatment response. We collected time-sequential blood samples from tetracycline-off (Tet-Off) BCR::ABL-inducible transgenic mice and wild-type controls. From the transcriptome, we constructed a CML state-space and a three-well leukemogenic potential landscape. The potential’s stable critical points defined observable disease states. Early states were characterized by anti-CML genes opposing leukemia; late states were characterized by pro-CML genes. Genes with expression patterns shaped similarly to the potential landscape were identified as drivers of disease transition. Re-introduction of tetracycline to silence the BCR::ABL gene returned diseased mice transcriptomes to a near healthy state, without reaching it, suggesting parts of the transition are irreversible. TKI only reverted the transcriptome to an intermediate disease state, without approaching a state of health; disease relapse occurred soon after treatment. Using only the earliest time-point as initial conditions, our state-transition models accurately predicted both disease progression and treatment response, supporting this as a potentially valuable approach to time clinical intervention, before phenotypic changes become detectable.
Effects of sex and gender on the etiologies and presentation of select internalizing psychopathologies
Authors: Singh Kritika , Wendt Frank R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe internalizing spectrum encompasses a subset of psychopathologies characterized by emotional liability, anhedonia, anxiousness, distress, and fear, and includes, among others, diagnoses of major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In this review, we describe the vast body of work highlighting a role for sex and gender in the environment, symptom onset, genetic liability, and disorder progression and comorbidities of MDD, GAD, and PTSD. We also point the reader to different language used in diverse fields to describe sexual and gender minorities that may complicate the interpretation of emerging literature from the social sciences, psychiatric and psychological sciences, and genetics. Finally, we identify several gaps in knowledge that we hope serve as launch-points for expanding the scope of psychiatric studies beyond binarized sex-stratification. Despite being under-represented in genomics studies, placing emphasis on inclusion of sexual and gender diverse participants in these works will hopefully improve our understanding of disorder etiology using genetics as one tool to inform how biology (e.g., hormone concentration) and environmental variables (e.g., exposure to traumatic events) contribute to differences in symptom onset, pattern, and long-term trajectory.
Trauma-related intrusive memories and anterior hippocampus structural covariance: an ecological momentary assessment study in posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Devignes Quentin , Ren Boyu , Clancy Kevin J. , Howell Kristin , Pollmann Yara , Martinez-Sanchez Lucia , Beard Courtney , Kumar Poornima , Rosso Isabelle M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTrauma-related intrusive memories (TR-IMs) are hallmark symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but their neural correlates remain partly unknown. Given its role in autobiographical memory, the hippocampus may play a critical role in TR-IM neurophysiology. The anterior and posterior hippocampi are known to have partially distinct functions, including during retrieval of autobiographical memories. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between TR-IM frequency and the anterior and posterior hippocampi morphology in PTSD. Ninety-three trauma-exposed adults completed daily ecological momentary assessments for fourteen days to capture their TR-IM frequency. Participants then underwent anatomical magnetic resonance imaging to obtain measures of anterior and posterior hippocampal volumes. Partial least squares analysis was applied to identify a structural covariance network that differentiated the anterior and posterior hippocampi. Poisson regression models examined the relationship of TR-IM frequency with anterior and posterior hippocampal volumes and the resulting structural covariance network. Results revealed no significant relationship of TR-IM frequency with hippocampal volumes. However, TR-IM frequency was significantly negatively correlated with the expression of a structural covariance pattern specifically associated with the anterior hippocampus volume. This association remained significant after accounting for the severity of PTSD symptoms other than intrusion symptoms. The network included the bilateral inferior temporal gyri, superior frontal gyri, precuneus, and fusiform gyri. These novel findings indicate that higher TR-IM frequency in individuals with PTSD is associated with lower structural covariance between the anterior hippocampus and other brain regions involved in autobiographical memory, shedding light on the neural correlates underlying this core symptom of PTSD.
Decoding the mechanisms of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell-mediated killing of tumors: insights from granzyme and Fas inhibition
Authors: Montalvo Melisa J. , Bandey Irfan N. , Rezvan Ali , Wu Kwan-Ling , Saeedi Arash , Kulkarni Rohan , Li Yongshuai , An Xingyue , Sefat K M Samiur Rahman , Varadarajan Navin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell show promise in cancer treatments, but their mechanism of action is not well understood. Decoding the mechanisms used by individual T cells can help improve the efficacy of T cells while also identifying mechanisms of T cell failure leading to tumor escape. Here, we used a suite of assays including dynamic single-cell imaging of cell-cell interactions, dynamic imaging of fluorescent reporters to directly track cytotoxin activity in tumor cells, and scRNA-seq on patient infusion products to investigate the cytotoxic mechanisms used by individual CAR T cells in killing tumor cells. We show that surprisingly, overexpression of the Granzyme B (GZMB) inhibitor, protease inhibitor-9 (PI9), does not alter the cytotoxicity mediated by CD19-specific CAR T cells against either the leukemic cell line, NALM6; or the ovarian cancer cell line, SkOV3-CD19. We designed and validated reporters to directly assay T cell delivered GZMB activity in tumor cells and confirmed that while PI9 overexpression inhibits GZMB activity at the molecular level, this is not sufficient to impact the kinetics or magnitude of killing mediated by the CAR T cells. Altering cytotoxicity mediated by CAR T cells required combined inhibition of multiple pathways that are tumor cell specific: (a) B-cell lines like NALM6, Raji and Daudi were sensitive to combined GZMB and granzyme A (GZMA) inhibition; whereas (b) solid tumor targets like SkOV3-CD19 and A375-CD19 (melanoma) were sensitive to combined GZMB and Fas ligand inhibition. We realized the translational relevance of these findings by examining the scRNA-seq profiles of Tisa-cel and Axi-cel infusion products and show a significant correlation between GZMB and GZMA expression at the single-cell level in a T cell subset-dependent manner. Our findings highlight the importance of the redundancy in killing mechanisms of CAR T cells and how this redundancy is important for efficacious T cells.
Cortical depth profiles in primary visual cortex for illusory and imaginary experiences
Authors: Bergmann Johanna , Petro Lucy S. , Abbatecola Clement , Li Min S. , Morgan A. Tyler , Muckli Lars 
Published: February 2024

AbstractVisual illusions and mental imagery are non-physical sensory experiences that involve cortical feedback processing in the primary visual cortex. Using laminar functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in two studies, we investigate if information about these internal experiences is visible in the activation patterns of different layers of primary visual cortex (V1). We find that imagery content is decodable mainly from deep layers of V1, whereas seemingly ‘real’ illusory content is decodable mainly from superficial layers. Furthermore, illusory content shares information with perceptual content, whilst imagery content does not generalise to illusory or perceptual information. Together, our results suggest that illusions and imagery, which differ immensely in their subjective experiences, also involve partially distinct early visual microcircuits. However, overlapping microcircuit recruitment might emerge based on the nuanced nature of subjective conscious experience.
Nanoparticle enrichment mass-spectrometry proteomics identifies protein-altering variants for precise pQTL mapping
Authors: Suhre Karsten , Venkataraman Guhan Ram , Guturu Harendra , Halama Anna , Stephan Nisha , Thareja Gaurav , Sarwath Hina , Motamedchaboki Khatereh , Donovan Margaret K. R. , Siddiqui Asim , Batzoglou Serafim , Schmidt Frank 
Published: February 2024

AbstractProteogenomics studies generate hypotheses on protein function and provide genetic evidence for drug target prioritization. Most previous work has been conducted using affinity-based proteomics approaches. These technologies face challenges, such as uncertainty regarding target identity, non-specific binding, and handling of variants that affect epitope affinity binding. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics can overcome some of these challenges. Here we report a pQTL study using the Proteograph™ Product Suite workflow (Seer, Inc.) where we quantify over 18,000 unique peptides from nearly 3000 proteins in more than 320 blood samples from a multi-ethnic cohort in a bottom-up, peptide-centric, mass spectrometry-based proteomics approach. We identify 184 protein-altering variants in 137 genes that are significantly associated with their corresponding variant peptides, confirming target specificity of co-associated affinity binders, identifying putatively causal cis-encoded proteins and providing experimental evidence for their presence in blood, including proteins that may be inaccessible to affinity-based proteomics.
Asymmetric nucleosome PARylation at DNA breaks mediates directional nucleosome sliding by ALC1
Authors: Bacic Luka , Gaullier Guillaume , Mohapatra Jugal , Mao Guanzhong , Brackmann Klaus , Panfilov Mikhail , Liszczak Glen , Sabantsev Anton , Deindl Sebastian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe chromatin remodeler ALC1 is activated by DNA damage-induced poly(ADP-ribose) deposited by PARP1/PARP2 and their co-factor HPF1. ALC1 has emerged as a cancer drug target, but how it is recruited to ADP-ribosylated nucleosomes to affect their positioning near DNA breaks is unknown. Here we find that PARP1/HPF1 preferentially initiates ADP-ribosylation on the histone H2B tail closest to the DNA break. To dissect the consequences of such asymmetry, we generate nucleosomes with a defined ADP-ribosylated H2B tail on one side only. The cryo-electron microscopy structure of ALC1 bound to such an asymmetric nucleosome indicates preferential engagement on one side. Using single-molecule FRET, we demonstrate that this asymmetric recruitment gives rise to directed sliding away from the DNA linker closest to the ADP-ribosylation site. Our data suggest a mechanism by which ALC1 slides nucleosomes away from a DNA break to render it more accessible to repair factors.