bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative life table statistics of Apoanagyrus lopezi reared on the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti fed on four host plants
Authors: Souissi R. , Le Rü B. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe demographic statistics of Apoanagyrus lopezi De Santis (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) were studied in the laboratory on its host, the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti Matile‐Ferrero (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae), reared on four host plants characterized by different levels of antibiotic resistance to the mealybug: two cassava varieties, Incoza and Zanaga (Manihot esculenta Crantz: Euphorbiaceae), the faux‐caoutchouc (hybrid of M. esculenta×M. glaziovii Muel. Arg.) and Talinum (Talinum triangulare Jack:Portulacaceae).Total and daily mean fecundities of female parasitoids were strongly influenced by the host plant but there was no link with antibiotic resistance. The mean duration of the oviposition period was also significantly modified by the host plant and was again not correlated to the level of antibiotic resistance. Net reproduction rates of female parasitoids were nearly 2 times higher on hosts fed on Zanaga and Talinum than on Incoza and Faux‐caoutchouc, and were not related to the total fecundities. The generation time was significantly longer on Faux‐caoutchouc than on the other three plants. The intrinsic rate of increase varied significantly with host plants and was higher on Talinum and Zanaga than on Incoza and Faux‐caoutchouc. With the varieties of cassava, Incoza and Zanaga, it was observed that antibiosis had a significant negative effect on the survival of A. lopezi, which would influence the effectiveness of the parasitoid.
The relative importance of glucosinolates and amino acids to the development of two aphid pests Brevicoryne brassicae and Myzus persicae on wild and cultivated brassica species
Authors: Cole R. A. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThis paper describes an experiment to investigate the relative importance of glucosinolates and the availability of free amino acids in the phloem to the feeding behaviour and development of the specialist brassica aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L) (cabbage aphid) and the generalist, Myzus persicae, (Sultzer) (peach potato aphid). Aphid development was determined on brassica species and cultivated brassica varieties. Analysis of individual glucosinolates in the wild brassica species identified significant differences in their profiles and in their concentrations present in freeze dried leaves. Multiple regression analysis showed a significant correlation (r = 0.83) between the intrinsic rate of increase of B. brassicae and glucosinolate concentrations; four glucosinolates, 2‐OH‐3‐butenyl, and 2‐propenylglucosinolate, 3‐methoxyindolyl and 4‐pentenylglucosinolates accounted for 79% of the variation. The intrinsic rate of increase of M. persicae was less correlated, though still significant (r = 0.5); 3‐indolyglucosinolate and 3‐butenylglucosinolate accounted for 47% of the variation. Regression analysis also showed a correlation between phloem amino acid concentrations and the intrinsic rate of increase of B. brassicae (r = 0.48) but not of M. persicae. The concentration of the important amino acids tyrosine, alanine, leucine and glutamic acid, accounted for 43% of the variation in intrinsic rate of increase. Leaf water potential of the Brassica species showed no relationship with the intrinsic rate of increase of either B. brassicae or M. persicae.
Comparison of feeding behaviour of two Brassica pests Brevicoryne brassicae and Myzus persicae on wild and cultivated brassica species
Authors: Cole R. A. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractFeeding behaviour of the specialist Brassicae aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L) (cabbage aphid) and the generalist, Myzus persicae, (Sulzer) (peach potato aphid) was monitored electronically on the susceptible cauliflower, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis cv Newton Seale, and a range of 17 Brassica species, B. carinata, B. juncea, B. nigra, B. macrocarpa, and B. villosa var. drepanensis and cultivated brassica varieties, B. oleracea, B. campestris and B. napus. Aphids, monitored for 10 h on the underside of leaves, performed recognisable feeding behaviour on all brassica species. The main differences in feeding behaviour, between M. persicae and B. brassicae, on the susceptible cauliflower Newton Seale, were fewer probes, shorter times to initially reach the phloem but longer times to establish sustained phloem ingestion and the longer times spent, by M. persicae, in xylem ingestion.Feeding behaviour on the range of brassica species tested indicated that generalist and specialist aphids are influenced differently by the host plant. A longer time spent in xylem ingestion was again the major difference in the feeding behaviour of the two aphids. In addition, rejection of passive phloem ingestion, by M. persicae, was not related so closely to increased time spent in non probing activities, as for B. brassicae. This observation indicates that M. persicae does not generally accept or reject brassica species due to the presence of phagostimulants, such as glucosinolates at the leaf surface or along the stylet pathway, unless the concentration is very high. Differences in feeding strategies employed by generalist and specialist aphids on the same plants are discussed.
Changes of species specific cuticular hydrocarbon profiles in the cockroaches Nauphoeta cinerea and Leucophaea maderae reared in heterospecific groups
Authors: Everaerts Cl. , Farine J. P. , Brossut R. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe cuticular hydrocarbon profiles of the cockroaches Nauphoeta cinerea and Leucophaea maderae are species‐specific when maintained in homospecific rearings. When individuals were reared in mixed species colonies, they initially remained in homospecific groups under different shelters. However, after 14 days they formed one heterospecific group with cuticular profiles showing characteristics of both species. When individuals were returned in monospecific rearings, their cuticular hydrocarbon profiles returned to species‐specific ones within 3 weeks.
Voracity and feeding preferences of two aphidophagous coccinellids on Aphis citricola and Tetranychus urticae
Authors: Lucas Éric , Coderre Daniel , Vincent Charles 
Published: October 2003

AbstractVoracity and feeding preferences of adult Coccinella septempunctata L. and Harmonia axyridis Pallas (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae, tribe Coccinellini) were evaluated in the laboratory on a common prey, the spirea aphid, Aphis citricola van der Goot (Homoptera: Aphididae), and on the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acarina: Tetranychidae), a prey previously unrecorded for these two predators. The experiments were carried out in the laboratory on apple saplings (Malus domestica Borkhausen). Adult males and females of H. axyridis consumed significantly more mites than adults of C. septempunctata. For H. axyridis, males consumed 41.3 spider mites in 24 h and females 48.4, whereas for C. septempunctata males consumed 14.1 prey and females 15.2. The consumption of spirea aphids by the males was similar for the two species. Consumption by the females was significantly greater for H. axyridis (46.5) than for C. septempunctata (22.2). The two coccinellids showed a significant preference for A. citricola in the presence of T. urticae. This preference was more pronounced for C. septempunctata. The total number of prey consumed and the percentage of exploited biomass decreased significantly for C. septempunctata and stayed relatively constant for H. axyridis as the number of mites increased in the prey ratio. Our results suggest that T. urticae is only an alternative prey for both predators, and that H. axyridis should be more efficient than C. septempunctata in a prey assemblage with aphids and mites.
Host locating behaviour of Leschenaultia exul and Patelloa pachypyga: two tachinid parasitoids of the forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria
Authors: Mondor Edward B. , Roland Jens 
Published: October 2003

Abstract Leschenaultia exul (Townsend) and Patelloa pachypyga (Aldrich & Webber) (Diptera: Tachinidae) are the principal larval parasitoids of the forest tent caterpillar (FTC) Malacosoma disstria (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) in Canada. The response of these two fly species to M. disstria differs depending on the tree species on which the host feeds. In wind tunnel experiments, L. exul spent more time on the side of the tunnel containing volatiles from FTC frass and was attracted to the FTC‐aspen poplar (Populus tremuloides Michx.) complex preferentially to the FTC‐balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.) complex. Field bioassays confirmed that this fly species was preferentially attracted to the herbivore‐aspen poplar complex as compared to the herbivore‐balsam poplar complex. In field bioassays, P. pachypyga was also attracted preferentially to aspen poplar trees containing FTC larvae, compared to balsam poplar trees with host larvae.
Heritability of flight distance for Cydia pomonella
Authors: Schumacher Peter , Weber Donald C. , Hagger Christian , Dorn Silvia 
Published: October 2003

Abstract Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is considered to be rather sedentary, but some individuals undertake flights of several kilometres in the field. This paper investigates the genetic influence on this variability. The flight capacity was measured in the laboratory by a flight mill and its heritability was estimated for two different strains. The laboratory strain was kept for more than 45 generations and the field strain from Embrach (northern Switzerland) was recently collected in the field.The multiple‐trait‐restricted‐maximum‐likelihood method was used for the estimation of genetic variances and covariances. A mixed full‐sib/half‐sib design was applied for the field strain and a full‐sib design for the laboratory strain. The heritability of total distance was 0.57 for the field strain and 0.37 for the laboratory strain (both sexes). In addition, a heritability of 0.38 for total distance was estimated by parent‐offspring regression for the laboratory strain. All three values were significantly different from zero (P<0.05) and show that there is a significant additive genetic influence on flight capacity.The genetic correlations between total distance and other flight traits (total duration, flight velocity, longest flight) were between 0.84 and 1.00 for both strains and suggest that these traits actually belong to a single one. High genetic correlations were also found between total distance and the morphological traits body weight and wing length for the field strain, whereas a negative correlation was found between total flight distance and body weight for the laboratory strain. This difference between the two strains was interpreted as a possible trade‐off between flight capacity and fecundity.
The predatory mite Hypoaspis miles: temperature dependent life table characteristics on a diet of sciarid larvae, Bradysia paupera and B. tritici
Authors: Ydergaard S. , Enkegaard A. , Brødsgaard H. F. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractLife table characteristics of Hypoaspis miles Berlese (Acarina: Hypoaspidae) fed on a mixture of Bradysia paupera Tuomikoski (Diptera: Sciaridae) and B. tritici Coquillet larvae were investigated in laboratory experiments at 4 temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30 °C) for development time, juvenile mortality, sex ratio, preoviposition period, oviposition period, postoviposition period, age‐specific fecundity, and adult longevity. Juvenile development time decreased with increasing temperature from 46 days at 15 °C to 10 days at 30 °C. The lower temperature threshold was 9.9 °C and development required 205 °D. Juvenile mortality decreased from 52% at 15 °C to 3% at 25 °C and then increased to 24% at 30 °C. Preoviposition period varied with temperature from 12 days at 15 °C to 3 days at 25 °C and then increased to about 4 days at 30 °C. Oviposition period decreased with increasing temperature from 58 days at 15 °C to 25 days at 30 °C. The mean number of eggs per female per day increased from 0.4 at 15 °C to 2.3 at 25 °C and decreased to 1.3 at 30 °C. Age‐specific fecundity was described by a temperature dependent model from which the maximum daily fecundity rate could be estimated to be attained at 25.6 °C. Female longevity was significantly shorter than for males, and decreased from 90 days at 15 °C to 34 days at 30 °C. Sex ratio was female‐biased at all 4 temperatures and increased with temperature up to 25 °C, decreasing at 30 °C. Estimates of net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate of increase, finite rate of increase, mean generation time and doubling time were obtained. The rm‐value increased with temperature from 0.031 day−1 at 15 °C to 0.133 day−1 at 25 °C, after which it decreased to 0.112 day−1 at 30 °C. The study showed that H. miles can develop and reproduce at temperatures between 15 and 30 °C. H. miles and sciarids have approximately the same optimum temperature and thresholds for development and reproduction and H. miles can be used for biological control of sciarids within the temperature range where the pest occurs.
Moufang loops and alternative algebras
Authors: Shestakov Ivan 
Published: October 2003

Let

O

\mathbf {O}

be the algebra

O

\mathbf {O}

of classical real octonions or the (split) algebra of octonions over the finite field

G
F
(

p
2

)
,

p
>
2

GF(p^2),\ p>2

. Then the quotient loop

O

∗

/

Z
∗

\mathbf {O}^*/Z^*

of the Moufang loop

O

∗

\mathbf {O}^*

of all invertible elements of the algebra

O

\mathbf {O}

modulo its center

Z
∗

Z^*

is not embedded into a loop of invertible elements of any alternative algebra.
Consent and Its Counterfeits
Authors: Feinberg Joel 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
The dilemmas of legal paternalism arise in their most complicated forms in two‐party cases. Legislatures using a soft paternalistic strategy often enact laws, for instance, in the cases of suicide, drug sales, prostitution, etc., in which the reason for disallowing X's consent as a defense for Y's criminal conduct is that X's agreement must be overruled for his own good, which the state presumes to know better than he. Where actual consent can be determined at little cost, mere presumed dispositional consent will not be sufficient to transfer any responsibility to Y for X's act, or to deprive Y of his rightful grievance after the fact. Feinberg examines the nature and effect of consent, and considers when consent is problematic, in the light of the soft paternalist strategy in two‐party cases.
Failures of Consent: Coercive Offers
Authors: Feinberg Joel 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
Coercive offers rearrange a person's options in such a way as that he “has no choice” but to comply or else suffer an unacceptable consequence. They are offers because the proposer does not threaten any harm beyond what would happen anyway without his gratuitous intervention. Examining the related problems of noncoercive enticements, exploitation, unequal bargaining positions, and the applicability of coercion to criminal law problems, Feinberg maintains that a third party is justified in interfering forcibly with actions of X on Y's behalf if and only if those actions are harmful or dangerous to Y, and either Y has not consented to them or his consent was not sufficiently voluntary to be valid.
Failures of Consent: Defective Belief
Authors: Feinberg Joel 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
Deficient or mistaken information is another factor that can reduce or vitiate the voluntariness of consent. A person's consent may be nonvoluntary because of a misunderstanding over what is being agreed to, ignorance or mistake about background facts, mistaken expectation of future occurrences, limits to the assumption of risk, and fraud/deception. The chapter concludes with a treatment of these issues with respect to the problem of informed consent in medicine.
Failures of Consent: Incapacity
Authors: Feinberg Joel 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
In addition to force and defective beliefs, there are forms of moral and legal incapacity that may make an individual incapable of validly consenting to specific agreement because of various internal deficiencies of his own. Voluntariness‐reducing incapacity may be either volitional or cognitive, and it may be the product of either external factors or undeveloped or impaired faculties. The voluntariness‐reducing incapacities can be divided in respect to their durability into two major classes, those thought to be permanent impairments and those deemed merely temporary, and a third overlapping category for alternating or recurring impairments.
The Choice of Death
Authors: Feinberg Joel 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
The most important example of the influence of distraction or impairment on the voluntariness of consent is also the most difficult: the deliberate choice of one's own death made by a person who is incapable of killing, or unwilling to kill, himself. Feinberg devotes his chapter to the examination of the question of how the request for death made by an acutely suffering or depressed person can be voluntary enough for an enlightened criminal law to recognize it as ground for a kind of justified homicide.
“The Ethics of Belief” Reconsidered
Authors: Haack Susan 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
Addresses the relation between epistemic and moral duty. Argues against what the writer calls the special case thesis, according to which epistemic appraisal is merely an instance of moral appraisal. Argues also against the correlation thesis, which asserts that the appropriateness of a positive (negative) epistemic appraisal entails the appropriateness of a positive (negative) moral appraisal. Accepts, however, the overlap thesis, according to which some epistemically unjustified beliefs deserve an unfavorable moral appraisal. Regarding the Clifford‐James debate, argues that it is always epistemically wrong, but not always morally wrong, to believe on the basis of insufficient evidence.
Epistemic Justification and Normativity
Authors: Fumerton Richard 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
Is epistemic justification normative? Discusses four ways of justifying a positive answer, none of which the writer thinks succeed: epistemic justification is normative because it is (1) analogous to moral normativity, (2) a matter of following rules; (3) a matter of trying to achieve certain goals; and (4) analyzable in terms of blame and praise. The chief problem of explaining what makes epistemic justification normative is, according to the writer, cognitivism: the view that epistemic judgments describe objective features of the world. If cognitivism in epistemology is correct, it is hard to understand why epistemic judgments should be different from nonnormative judgments that describe objective reality.
Reflective Knowledge in the Best Circles
Authors: Sosa Ernest 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
In response to the well‐known circularity problems posed by Descartes and Moore, recommends externalist virtue epistemology, according to which a true belief amounts to knowledge if its truth is not an accident, i.e. if it was produced by apt faculties. Starting with the recognition of instances of perceptual knowledge produced by apt faculties, we can infer that our perceptual faculties must be reliable. Such reasoning invites the objection that in parallel fashion, the owner of a crystal ball can rely on his crystal ball itself to argue for its reliability. Replies that although things might be parallel as far as justification and internal coherence are concerned, a crucial difference arises when we consider the reliability of the sources in question: whereas our perceptual faculties are reliable and thus produce knowledge, the crystal ball is unreliable and thus fails to give its user knowledge. Acknowledges, however, that the exercise of apt faculties produces merely animal knowledge, and thus advocates what he calls “virtue perspectivism”: the view that reflective knowledge – a higher achievement than the acquisition of mere animal knowledge – arises only when we succeed in understanding how we know.
Idols, Idolatry, and Unnecessary Suffering
Authors: Fenn Richard K. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractSecularization weakens the fascist potential of any social system and undermines the claims of world religions to represent universal forms of obligation. In such a context, a religionless Christianity may acquire new and expanded relevance. Secularity requires being fully aware of the bearing of the past and the future on the present moment. In secularized societies, religion may persist, but it will be increasingly understood as a set of cultural fictions that are optional and transparent rather than obligatory and mysterious. Especially in times of crisis, societies will become fascinated by individuals who seem to embody a wide range of occult possibilities.
Starting on the Path to Secularity
Authors: Fenn Richard K. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractSecularization has democratized the legitimate interpretation of personal experience and strengthened the authority of the individual over and against the church and the state. Since the thirteenth century, the church has been losing its monopoly on the interpretation of spiritual experience in dreams and visions and in encounters with the dead. A highly complex and secularized society has multiple and open channels for encounters between the living and the dead. Democratic politics and natural science have their origins in movements to demystify and popularize discourse about the dead and about the unconscious.
Religious Life and Devotions
Authors: Haliczer Stephen 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
In rejecting the Protestant doctrine of justification by grace alone, the Counter‐Reformation reinforced the necessity of good works as the means toward salvation. This led women mystics to develop elaborate expressions of devotion to the Eucharist and Christ's Passion and even to miraculously receive the stigmata. Further, as belief in purgatory grew, the mystics assumed responsibility for interceding for the tormented souls, and they looked to the Virgin Mary as their own protector and mother. Visions abounded that may have been caused by dissociative disorder developed in childhood, physical and mental illness, and sleep deprivation.
Between Power and Impotence
Authors: Haliczer Stephen 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
Unlike most women in Spanish society, women mystics achieved some recognition and were frequently consulted by the nobility. ‘Approved’ mystics tended to have greater access to male aristocracy, while female nobles sought out ‘false’ mystics. Further, in general, the ‘false’ mystics tended to relate to persons of lesser social standing, particularly in ecclesiastical circles. The mystics served as advisors on moral conduct and spiritual matters, and they also interceded on behalf of those in trouble and performed healings. However, mystics remained entrenched in male‐dominated society and church and were rarely permitted public recognition through preaching or missionary work.