bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in the Nature of Innovation Processes and International Competitiveness of the Region After the Covid-19 Crisis: The Case of Podlaskie Voivodeship
Authors: Ciborowski Robert , Trzaska Karolina 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTechnological structure arises as a consequence of innovation processes, encompassing R&D activities, implementations, as well as diffusion. Innovation processes influence technological competitiveness by linking changes in market shares at home and abroad with their technological potential. Increased productivity resulting from higher innovativeness combined with increased technological investments result in changes in relative unit operating costs and higher demand for more technologically advanced products, thus determining the dynamics of economic development.The aim of this study is to analyse the course of determinants of innovation processes and the level of international competitiveness of regions after the COVID-19 crisis, including especially Podlaskie Voivodeship. Regions are classified into three types of exposure (low, medium, high) and crossed with three degrees of risk sensitivity for the regional economy. Podlaskie Voivodeship has medium exposure and lower sensitivity to pandemic crises. Regions with relatively high sensitivity and exposure to COVID-19 lockdowns were motivated to make greater changes in business processes. Podlaskie Voivodeship relies highly on foreign trade, which is why the COVID-19 crisis, the war in Ukraine and limited contacts with Poland’s eastern border have negatively affected the region’s innovation. The analysis shows that the establishment of competitive advantages based on the effects of COVID-19 crises should be expanded by regions with medium or high sensitivity to lockdowns.
The Socio-Economic Situation During the Crises in Poland After 1989, with Particular Reference to the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Krzyścin Mirosława , Merta-Staszczak Adriana , Zimmer Joanna 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The Polish economy has been transformed for more than three decades by diverse crises. The beginning of the changes was brought by the political transformation, which modified the model of the functioning of the State in almost all areas. To some extent, its continuation was the accession to the European Union, which opened not only markets for sales, labor, but also new sources of technological and scientific development. Economic development did not protect the economy from the negative effects of change, which occurred in the form of rising public debt, unemployment rates and reduced spending on important public sectors. Sudden breakdowns, in turn, forced changes in social needs, as exemplified by the explosive demand for e-services during the covid-19 pandemic. The article analyzed selected indicators that allowed analysis of the degree of differentiation of socio-economic development in Poland against the background of crises.
Eu ETS Market Fundamental Changes
Authors: Sikora-Alicka Joanna 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
An organization emits carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases (GHGs) through its daily operations, such as the electricity used to power its offices, manufacture products, and then fossil fuels used in vehicles to distribute them. This is referred to as an organization’s carbon footprint, and there is increasing stakeholder and regulatory pressure on management teams globally to reduce them. On other words, it is increasingly critical that the quantity of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases that a company is releasing into the atmosphere can be accurately measured in order to ensure that is being reduced accordingly.
The European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) is the most crucial tool for decarbonizing Europe, but it has also become a money-making machine. States and financial investors earn; for the power industry, which pays for it, the worst thing is not the system’s presence but its instability. Huge price jumps make it impossible to plan budgets and investments sensibly.
This paper provides an introduction to the EU’s Emissions Trading System. As such it provides a discussion of the historical and legal context in which the EU ETS developed and now operates. This article covers the various ways in which these market dynamics, regulatory requirements and stakeholder expectations have converged to make European carbon markets a critical topic for today’s analyst.
Food Crises in Post-War Poland (1945–1989)
Authors: Merta-Staszczak Adriana , Straszak-Chandoha Sylwia 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Fulfilling the needs of securing the food market was a key problem for the economy of the People’s Republic of Poland. According to the assumptions of the socialist system, all basic means of production were owned by the state and society as a whole, and production: its structure and volume depended on central assumptions. Farmers not only had to face the issue of reconstruction of farms in the post-war period, they were also obliged to make compulsory deliveries, and had the main responsibility for feeding the country. Production capacity in the face of the growing needs of society was insufficient, which forced rationing and the use of substitutes in the diet. There were periodic declines in the consumption of selected commodities, especially meat. The purpose of this article is to analyze the situation of the food market in the period 1945–1989, taking into account the burden of the countryside, the level of consumption and the import and export of basic food products.
Export of the Agri-Food Sector in the Conditions of Recent Crises
Authors: Wnorowski Henryk 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Crises come and go, but it is good if, from the perspective of the past, we can point to some positives of the crisis that has just passed. Indeed, in the article we first find a snapshot of the export activity of the Polish economy in recent years, a picture which is positive, despite the very serious crises in the global economy. This picture may not be complete due to the scope of the study, but it shows what is most important in author opinion – our place in the international division of labor over the last 15 years. This place has steadily improved, with particularly spectacular increases in importance observed during the years of the Covid-19 pandemic crisis and after the outbreak of war in Ukraine.
The second section of the article presents an analysis of agri-food exports in a broader time frame, dating back to the 2000s. It aims to highlight the rise of agri-food exports as a proportion of GDP and total exports. Equally fascinating is the geographical and commodity structure and the mportance of Polish agri-food imports in the total of those made by selected countries. As a result, an interesting picture of Polish agri-food exports appears to have emerged, allowing positive assessments to be formulated. Quite optimistic prognoses for the future are also noticeable.
Hubungan Jenis Kelamin, Status Gizi, dan Berat Badan Lahir Rendah dengan Kejadian Kejang Demam pada Anak di RSUD Abdoel Wahab Sjahranie Samarinda
Authors: Acikdin Muhammad Harbiyan , Muhyi Annisa , Toruan Vera Madonna Lumban 
Published: January 2024

The incidence of febrile seizures is the most common cause in the neuro field of children at the age of 6 months to 60 months, the incidence ranges from 2 to 5% of cases. Risk factors for febrile seizures such as gender, nutritional status, and low birth weight. This study aims to determine the relationship between gender, nutritional status, and low birth weight with the incidence of febrile seizures in children at the Abdoel Wahab Sjahranie Hospital, Samarinda. The study was carried out using observational analysis using a cross-sectional design. The research data were obtained from medical records at Abdoel Wahab Sjahranie Hospital Samarinda with a purposive sampling method. The sample of this study was children aged 6 months to 60 months who suffered from febrile seizures and fever without seizures and met the researcher's criteria. Statistical analysis using chi-square test. The results found as many as 184 samples of 92 samples of febrile seizures and fever without seizures each. The incidence of febrile seizures occurred in the group of children aged 13-24 months (42.4%) with a prevalence of 68.5% boys and 31.5% girls. Researchers used chi-square and obtained p-values for gender (p = 0.034), nutritional status (p = 0.715) and low birth weight (p = 0.412). The conclusion is that there is a relationship between gender and there is no relationship between nutritional status and low birth weight with the incidence of febrile seizures.
Keywords: Gender, Nutritional Status, Low Birth Weight, Febrile Seizure

Abstrak
Kejadian kejang demam kasus tersering di bidang neuro anak di umur 6 bulan hingga 60 bulan, insiden berkisar 2 hingga 5% kasus kejadian. Faktor risiko kejang demam seperti jenis kelamin, status gizi dan Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan jenis kelamin, status gizi dan BBLR dengan kejadian kejang demam anak di RSUD Abdoel Wahab Sjahranie Samarinda. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan analitik observasional menggunakan desain potong lintang. Data penelitian diperoleh dari rekam medik di RSUD Abdoel Wahab Sjahranie Samarinda dengan metode purposive sampling. Sampel dari penelitian ini adalah anak yang berumur 6 bulan hingga 60 bulan yang menderita febrile seizure dan fever without seizure serta memenuhi kriteria dari peneliti. Analisis statistik memakai uji chi-square. Hasil ditemukan sebanyak 184 sampel yang terdiri dari masing-masing 92 sampel kejang demam dan demam tanpa kejang. Kejadian febrile seizure terjadi pada kelompok anak berusia 13-24 bulan (42.4%) dengan prevalensi anak laki-laki 68.5% dan perempuan 31.5%. Peneliti memakai chi-square dan didapatkan p-value jenis kelamin (p = 0.034), status gizi (p = 0.715) dan BBLR (p = 0.412). Kesimpulan didapatkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara jenis kelamin dan tidak terdapat hubungan antara status gizi dan BBLR dengan kejadian kejang demam.
Kata Kunci: Jenis Kelamin, Status Gizi, BBLR, Kejang Demam
Optimasi CMC Na dan Carbopol dalam Sediaan Gel Ekstrak Etanol Daun Ketapang (Terminalia cattapa L.) dengan Metode Simplex Lattice Design
Authors: Saryanti Dwi , Tyas Dinar Ajie Kusumaning 
Published: January 2024

Ketapang leaves (Terminalia cattapa L.) contain flavonoid and tannin which can be used as an antibacterial. This research aims to find the optimal comparison between CMC Na and carbopol concentrations. Carbopol can compensate for the lack of CMC Na in ketapang leaf ethanol extract gel (GEEDK), because CMC Na has lower spreadability and viscosity than carbopol. In this research, expert design software version 13 was used using Simplex Lattice Design (SLD). Optimization was carried out to produce the best base mixture by including response pH, viscosity, spreadability and adhesive. The SPSS One Sample T test program was used to confirm the optimal formula obtained. The best GEEDK formula with a CMC composition of 79.85% and carbopol 20.15% in 4g gelling agent, with a desirability value of 0.990. The optimal formula produces gel that does not pass viscosity and spreadability tests, with a pH of 6,67 ± 0,957, a viscosity of 480 ± 2,998 dPas, a spreadability of 3.55 ± 0,302 cm, and an adhesion time of 22.61 ± 0.112 seconds. The verification results show that there is no statistically significant difference between predictions and test results and it can be concluded that SLD is valid for identifying the best formulation. The acceptability test results with a value of 3, indicate that the optimal GEEDK formula was well accepted by respondents.
Keywords: Optimization, Ketapang leaf (Terminalia cattapa L.), Simplex Lattice Design, gels

Abstrak
Daun ketapang (Terminalia cattapa L.) mengandung senyawa flavonoid dan tanin yang dapat digunakan sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari perbandingan optimal antara konsentrasi CMC Na dan carbopol. Carbopol dapat mengkompensasi kekurangan CMC Na dalam gel ekstrak etanol daun ketapang (GEEDK), karena CMC Na memiliki daya sebar dan viskositas yang lebih rendah dibandingkan carbopol. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan software design expert versi 13 dengan menggunakan Simplex Lattice Design (SLD). Optimasi dilakukan untuk menghasilkan formula campuran basis terbaik dengan memasukkan respon, pH, viskositas, daya sebar, dan daya lekat. Program uji SPSS One Sample T digunakan untuk mengkonfirmasi formula optimal yang diperoleh. Formula GEEDK terbaik dengan komposisi CMC 79,85% dan carbopol 20,15% pada total gelling agent yang digunakan sebanyak 4 g, dengan nilai desirability 0,990. Formula optimal menghasilkan gel yang tidak lulus uji viskositas dan daya sebar, dengan pH 6,67±0,957, viskositas 480±2,998 dPas, daya sebar 3,55±0,302 cm, dan waktu adhesi 22,61±0,112 detik. Hasil verifikasi menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan secara statistik antara prediksi dan hasil pengujian dan dapat disimpulkan bahwa SLD valid untuk mengidentifikasi formulasi terbaik. Hasil pengujian akseptabilitas dengan nilai 3, menunjukkan bahwa formula optimal GEEDK diterima dengan baik oleh responden.
Kata Kunci: Optimasi, Ketapang (Terminalia cattapa L.), Simplex Lattice Design, gel
Difusi Polifenol dari Krim Ekstrak Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera) dengan Peningkat Penetrasi Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO)
Authors: Nissa Andi Rezki Khaerun , Arisanty Arisanty , Nurisyah Nurisyah 
Published: January 2024

Moringa leaves are one of the plants that contain polyphenolic compounds so that they have the potential to be made cream preparations. In addition, cream preparations should have substances that are efficacious as penetration into the skin. This study was conducted to find out how DMSO as a penetration enhancer affects the penetration and diffusion of polyphenols in Moringa leaf extract cream. The cream is made with 4 formulations, each formula has DMSO concentration variations of 0%, 15%, 20%, and 25%. Diffusion testing by Moringa leaf cream using Franz Diffusion cells and diffusion membranes in the form of cellophane membranes. Based on the results of the study that F2 with a DMSO concentration of 20% showed the highest diffusion of polyphenols, the highest cumulative amount of penetrated polyphenols and the best polyphenol release profile. The results of statistical analysis using One Way ANOVA show that F2 and F3 have significance (p < 0.05) compared to F0 without penetration.
Keywords: Diffusion Polyphenols, Creams, Moringa Leaves, Penetration Enhancers

Abstrak
Daun Kelor merupakan salah satu tanaman yang mengandung senyawa polifenol sehingga berpotensi dibuat sediaan krim. Disamping itu, sediaan krim sepatutnya mempunyai zat yang berkhasiat sebagai penetrasi menembus ke dalam kulit. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana DMSO sebagai peningkat penetrasi mempengaruhi penetrasi dan difusi polifenol pada krim ekstrak daun kelor. Krim dibuat dengan 4 formulasi yang tiap formulanya memiliki variasi konsentrasi DMSO 0%, 15%, 20%, dan 25%. Pengujian difusi oleh krim daun kelor menggunakan sel Difusi Franz serta membrane difusi berupa membrane selofan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian bahwa F2 dengan konsentrasi DMSO 20% menunjukkan difusi polifenol tertinggi, jumlah kumulatif polifenol terpenetrasi tertinggi dan profil pelepasan polifenol terbaik. Hasil analisis statistic menggunakan One Way ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa F2 dan F3 memiliki signifikansi (p < 0,05) dibanding F0 tanpa penetrasi.
Kata Kunci: Difusi Polifenol, Krim, Daun Kelor, Peningkat Penetrasi
Profil Perawatan Karies Gigi pada Anak Usia 0-18 Tahun di Poli Gigi dan Mulut Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Abdoel Wahab Sjahranie Periode 2018–2021
Authors: Triyana Vitta Anzelia , Hanan Nydia , Munir Musnar 
Published: January 2024

According to the 2018 National Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) Report, dental health statistics for East Kalimantan Province indicated that merely 13.8% of the population received dental care from dental healthcare professionals. Children are susceptible to developing dental caries as a result of their frequent consumption of cariogenic foods. The present investigation employs an observational approach with a descriptive research design. The sampling method utilized in this study was purposive sampling. The study population comprised of pediatric patients aged 0- 18 years who received treatment at the Dental and Oral Polyclinic of Abdoel Wahab Sjahranie Regional Public Hospital from 2018 to 2021. The total number of participants included in the study was 847. The findings of this investigation suggest that the predominant therapeutic intervention administered to individuals between the ages of 0 and 18 years is root canal therapy, with a higher frequency of treatment observed among female subjects. The lower right quadrant is the dental region that is most commonly subjected to caries treatment.
Keywords: Dental carries treatment, Teeth, Children

Abstrak
Data kesehatan gigi Provinsi Kalimantan Timur di Laporan Riskesdas 2018 mengemukakan bahwa prevalensi penduduk yang menerima perawatan gigi dari tenaga medis gigi di Kalimantan Timur adalah sebanyak 13,8%. Karies gigi rentan terjadi pada usia anak-anak karena banyaknya konsumsi makanan kariogenik. Penelitian ini bersifat observasional dengan desain penelitian deskriptif dan teknik pengambilan sampel secara purposive sampling. Sampel penelitian ini adalah seluruh pasien anak berusia 0–18 tahun di Poli Gigi dan Mulut Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Abdoel Wahab Sjahranie pada tahun 2018–2021 sebanyak 847 sampel. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perawatan yang banyak diterima anak usia 0–18 tahun adalah perawatan saluran akar, jenis kelamin yang paling banyak menerima perawatan adalah pasien perempuan, dan regio gigi yang paling sering mendapatkan perawatan karies adalah regio kanan bawah.
Kata Kunci: Perawatan Karies, Gigi, Anak
Skrining Fitokimia dan Penentuan Nilai SPF (Sun Protection Factor) Ekstrak Etanol 95% Daun Rambusa (Passiflora foetida L) sebagai Tabir Surya
Authors: Sari Ghani Nurfiana Fadma , Rejeki Endang Sri 
Published: January 2024

According to several studies, the rambusa plant has great antioxidant, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antihyperuricemic and anti-inflammatory activity. Rambusa leaves have nutritive compounds such triterpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. The Sun Protection Factor (SPF) number, which defines the length of time a person's skin can be exposed to sunlight without experiencing sunburn, determines the quantity of sunscreen's effectiveness. The purpose of this study is to examine the composition and in vitro sunscreen activity of a 95% ethanol extract of rambusa leaves. This research began with making rambusa leaf powder. The powder obtained is followed by determining the water content. This study used the maceration method of extraction with a 95% ethanol solvent. Sunscreen activity is measured using a spectrophotometer at a wavelength between 290 and 320 nm. The Mansur method is employed for determining the SPF value. The study's findings showed that the SPF value of rambusa leaf extract was 4.26 at a concentration of 41.28 g/ml has moderate protection, 3.74 at a dosage of 41.16 g/ml, and 3.18 at a concentration of 40.88 g/ml, which was categorized as providing only minimal protection. Furthermore, alkaloid, flavonoid, triterpenoid, tannin, and saponin chemicals are present in the 95% ethanol extract of rambusa leaves.
Keywords: Rambusa leaves, sunscreen, SPF

Abstrak
Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanaman rambusa memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang tinggi, antidiabetes, antibakteri, antihiperurisemia dan antiinflamasi. Daun rambusa mengandung zat berkhasiat yaitu triterpenoid, flavonoid, tanin dan saponin. Besarnya kemampuan tabir surya ditentukan melalui nilai Sun Protection Factor (SPF) yang menyatakan lamanya kulit seseorang berada dibawah sinar matahari tanpa mengalami sengatan surya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa dan aktivitas tabir surya ekstrak etanol 95% daun rambusa secara invitro. Penelitian ini diawali dengan pembuatan serbuk daun rambusa. Serbuk yang diperoleh dilanjutkan dengan penetapan kadar air. Pembuatan ekstrak daun rambusa menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 95%. Ekstrak yang diperoleh diidentifikasi skrining fitokimia dan penentuan aktivitas tabir surya. Penetapan aktivitas tabir surya menggunakan alat spektrofotometer pada panjang gelombang 290 hingga 320 nm. Penentuan nilai SPF menggunakan metode Mansur. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian adalah nilai SPF ekstrak daun rambusa sebagai berikut: konsentrasi 41,28 µg/ml sebesar 4,26 memiliki proteksi sedang, konsentrasi 41,16 µg/ml sebesar 3,74 dan konsentrasi 40,88 µg/ml sebesar 3,18 tergolong memiliki proteksi minimal. Ekstrak etanol 95% daun rambusa mengandung golongan senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, triterpenoid, tanin dan saponin.
Kata Kunci: Daun rambusa, tabir surya, SPF
Formulasi dan Uji SPF Sediaan Sunscreen Powder Ekstrak Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera)
Authors: Karimah Ira Siti , Dani Rendi Saepul , Agustin Hanisa , Rohmawati Sri , Rahmawati Luthfi , Susanti Susanti 
Published: January 2024

The repeated use of sunscreen makes many types and dosage forms of sunscreen. Sunscreen powder is a good alternative form of sunscreen because their use does not damage the make-up on the face. Moringa leaf extract containing flavonoids such as quercetin has antioxidant activity that can inhibit free radicals. These antioxidant compounds are very important in the content of active substances in a sunscreen. The aim of this study was to formulate moringa leaf extract into a sunscreen powder and determine the value of Sun Protection Factor (SPF). Moringa leaves were extracted by maceration method using 96% ethanol and then made into a powder with 3 variations of extract concentration (F1=1%, F2=2%, F3=3%). Furthermore, evaluation of the product was carried out including organoleptic, pH, humidity, irritation and SPF. The results showed that the moringa leaf extract sunscreen powder met the requirements for good sunscreen powder characteristics. The SPF value of Moringa leaf extract sunscreen powder based on test results using uv-visible spectrophotometry showed the type of ultra protection, namely F1 of 18.07, F2 of 20.31 and F3 of 20.36.
Keywords: moringa leaf, sunscreen powder, SPF

Abstrak
Penggunaan tabir surya (sunscreen) secara berulang atau dikenal dengan istilah proses re-apply sunscreen menjadikan banyaknya jenis dan bentuk sediaan sunscreen. Sediaan sunscreen powder merupakan suatu alternatif bentuk sediaan sunscreen yang baik karena pada penggunaannya tidak merusak riasan pada wajah. Ekstrak daun kelor dengan kandungan flavonoid seperti kuersetin memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang mampu menghambat radikal bebas. Senyawa antioksidan tersebut sangat penting dalam kandungan zat aktif pada suatu sediaan sunscreen. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memformulasikan ekstrak daun kelor menjadi sediaan sunscreen powder dan mengetahui nilai Sun Protection Factor (SPF). Daun kelor diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol 96% kemudian dibuat menjadi sediaan powder dengan 3 variasi konsentrasi ekstrak (F1=1%, F2=2%, F3=3%). Selanjutnya dilakukan evaluasi sediaan meliputi uji organoleptik, pH, kelembaban, iritasi dan SPF. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sediaan sunscreen powder ekstrak daun kelor memenuhi persyaratan karakteristik sediaan yang baik. Nilai SPF sediaan sunscreen powder ekstrak daun kelor berdasarkan hasil uji menggunakan spektrofotometri uv-visible menunjukkan tipe proteksi ultra yaitu F1 sebesar 18,07, F2 sebesar 20,31 dan F3 sebesar 20,36.
Kata Kunci: daun kelor, sunscreen powder, SPF