bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uncommon TGFBRI allele is not associated with increased susceptibility to colon cancer
Authors: Samowitz Wade S. , Curtin Karen , Leppert Mark F. , Slattery Martha L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPrevious studies have suggested that an allele of the transforming growth factor‐beta type I receptor (TGFBRI) gene that codes for six instead of the usual nine alanines in a polyalanine repeat is associated with an increased susceptibility to colon cancer, and that the six‐alanine homozygote is seen only in individuals with some form of cancer. We evaluated this TGFBRI polymorphism in a population‐based sample of 252 individuals with colon cancer and 362 age‐ and gender‐matched controls from the state of Utah. TGFBRI genotypes were determined by PCR amplification and length determination of the polyalanine repeat. In addition to the common nine‐alanine (9A) allele, we identified six‐ (6A), eight‐ (8A), ten‐ (10A), eleven‐ (11A), and twelve‐alanine (12A) TGFBRI alleles. 6A/9A heterozygotes were seen in similar percentages of colon cancer cases (18.3%) and controls (16.0%). 6A/6A homozygotes were slightly more common in controls than in colon cancer cases (1.4% vs. 0.8%), and none of the controls with the 6A/6A genotype had any of the non‐colonic cancers reported in previous studies. We conclude that the 6A TGFBRI allele is not associated with an increased susceptibility to colon cancer at the population level, and that the 6A/6A homozygote is not restricted to individuals with some form of cancer. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Activation of astrocyte intracellular signaling pathways by interleukin‐1 in rat primary striatal cultures
Authors: Dunn Sarah L. , Young Elizabeth A. , Hall Matthew D. , McNulty Shaun 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe striatum has been implicated as the site of action mediating neurotoxic effects of interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) during ischemia. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these events have yet to be fully addressed. In the present study, primary cultures of rat striatal cells were used as a model for the study of IL‐1 signaling pathways in the striatum. Immunocytochemical analyses revealed that these cultures consisted of a mixture of neurones and astrocytes and demonstrated expression of the IL‐1 type I receptor (IL‐1RI) on both cell types. Treatment with IL‐1 (3 units/ml) for 10 min increased phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase in striatal cells. The endogenous IL‐1RI inhibitor IL‐1Ra (24 ng/ml) and the p38 MAP kinase inhibitor SB203580 (10 nM) both inhibited this response. Analysis of the effects of IL‐1 on nuclear translocation of the transcription factor NF‐kB revealed that NF‐kB became activated in a time‐dependent manner. Immunocytochemistry revealed that IL‐1 stimulated p38 phosphorylation and NF‐kB translocation in astrocytes only. TaqMan real‐time quantitative PCR analysis revealed that IL‐1 stimulated gene expression of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF) in striatal cultures. The p38 MAP kinase inhibitor SB203580 failed to inhibit the effects of IL‐1 on NF‐kB translocation or gene transcription. These studies have demonstrated significant aspects of the IL‐1 signaling cascade in cultured striatum. Of particular interest is the finding that IL‐1 stimulated activation of p38 MAP kinase and NF‐kB in striatal astrocytes exclusively. GLIA 37:31–42, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High dose rate brachytherapy for early stage oral tongue cancer
Authors: Leung To‐Wai , Wong Victy Yee‐Wa , Kwan Kin‐Hung , Ng Ting‐Ying , Wong Chow‐Ming , Tung Stewart Yuk , Leung Lap‐Chi , O Sai‐Ki 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundHigh dose rate (HDR) interstitial brachytherapy of the oral tongue is a new treatment modality. Our study evaluates the outcomes of patients with early stage oral tongue cancer as treated by HDR interstitial implant.MethodsWe reviewed the records of 19 patients who were seen between 1994 and 2000 with carcinoma of the oral tongue and whose primary tumors were treated solely with interstitial implant using HDR remote afterloading technique. Ten patients had T1 N0 disease, and the remaining 9 had T2 N0 disease. Elective neck treatment was withheld for 12 patients. The remaining seven patients had ipsilateral elective neck dissection. The male–female ratio was 1:0.9, and the median age was 60 years (range, 32–81 years). The median follow‐up time was 43 months (range, 6–78 months). The afterloading catheters were positioned by the submandibular approach with the assistance of a template set. Fifteen patients had single planar implants, and the remaining four had double planar implants. The median number of catheters inserted was 5 (range, 4–9). The median dose given was 55 Gy in 10 fractions over 6 days. The minimal interfraction interval was 7 hours for the first 7 patients and was extended to 8 hours for the other 12. Mandibular shields were inserted before treatment.ResultsThe mucositis lasted for 6 to 20 weeks (median, 9 weeks). One patient had local failure, and the 4‐year local failure‐free survival rate was 94.7%. Three of the 12 patients without elective neck treatment had ipsilateral regional failure develop. They were salvaged by neck node dissection and regionally remained in control. One patient with multiple nodal metastases and extracapsular spread had biopsy‐proven liver metastases and died 6 months after implant. One of the seven patients who were treated with elective neck dissection had multiple nodal metastases and extracapsular spread. She was treated with postoperative radiotherapy to the neck. She died 30 months after implant with evidence of regional and distant failure. One patient treated with double planar implant had grade II necrosis of the soft tissue and bone develop. The necrosis resolved with conservative treatment. Another four patients had small area of soft tissue deficit of the tongue attributed to aggressive debulking or biopsy before brachytherapy.ConclusionsOur experience in treating early stage tongue cancer with HDR remote afterloading technique is encouraging, because it gives a local control rate of 94.7% at 4 years with acceptable morbidity. Further studies are eagerly awaited to delineate the optimum schedule for this new treatment modality. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 24: 274–281, 2002; DOI 10.1002/hed.10021
Effect of basin physical characteristics on solute fluxes in nine alpine/subalpine basins, Colorado, USA
Authors: Sueker Julie K. , Clow David W. , Ryan Joseph N. , Jarrett Robert D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAlpine/subalpine basins may exhibit substantial variability in solute fluxes despite many apparent similarities in basin characteristics. An evaluation of controls on spatial patterns in solute fluxes may allow development of predictive tools for assessing basin sensitivity to outside perturbations such as climate change or deposition of atmospheric pollutants. Relationships between basin physical characteristics, determined from geographical information system (GIS) tools, and solute fluxes and mineral weathering rates were explored for nine alpine/subalpine basins in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, using correlation analyses for 1993 and 1994 data. Stream‐water nitrate fluxes were correlated positively with basin characteristics associated with the talus environment; i.e., the fractional amounts of steep slopes (≥ 30°), unvegetated terrain and young debris (primarily Holocene till) in the basins, and were correlated negatively with fractional amounts of subalpine meadow terrain. Correlations with nitrate indicate the importance of the talus environment in promoting nitrate flux and the mitigating effect of areas with established vegetation, such as subalpine meadows. Total mineral weathering rates for the basins ranged from about 300 to 600 mol ha−1 year−1. Oligoclase weathering accounted for 30 to 73% of the total mineral weathering flux, and was positively correlated with the amount of old debris (primarily Pleistocene glacial till) in the basins. Although calcite is found in trace amounts in bedrock, calcite weathering accounted for up to 44% of the total mineral weathering flux. Calcite was strongly correlated with steep slope, unvegetated terrain, and young debris—probably because physical weathering in steep‐gradient areas exposes fresh mineral surfaces that contain calcite for chemical weathering. Oligoclase and calcite weathering are the dominant sources of alkalinity in the basins. However, atmospherically deposited acids consume much of the alkalinity generated by weathering of calcite and other minerals in the talus environment. Published in 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrogeochemistry of seepage water collected within the Youngcheon diversion tunnel, Korea: source and evolution of SO4‐rich groundwater in sedimentary terrain
Authors: Chae Gi‐Tak , Yun Seong‐Taek , Kim Sang‐Ryul , Hahn Chan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn the Youngcheon Diversion Tunnel area, South Korea, 46 samples of tunnel seepage water (TSW) and borehole groundwater were collected from areas with sedimentary rocks (mainly sandstone and shale) and were examined for hydrogeochemical characteristics. The measured SO4 concentrations range widely from 7·7 to 942·0 mg/l, and exceed the Korean Drinking Water Standard (200 mg/l) in about half the samples. The TDS (total dissolved solid) content generally is high (171–1461 mg/l) from more shale‐rich formations and also reflects varying degrees of water–rock interaction. The water is classified into three groups: Ca SO4 type (61% of the samples collected), Ca SO4 HCO3 type (15%) and Ca HCO3 type (24%). The Ca HCO3 type water (mean concentrations=369 mg/l Ca, 148 mg/l HCO3 and 23 mg/l SO4) reflected the simple reaction between CO2‐recharged water and calcite, whereas the more SO4‐rich nature of Ca SO4 type water (mean concentrations=153 mg/l Ca, 66 mg/l HCO3 and 416 mg/l SO4) reflected the oxidation of pyrite in sedimentary rocks and fracture zones. Pyrite oxidation resulted in precipitation of amorphous iron hydroxide locally within the tunnel as well as in high concentrations of Ca (mean 153 mg/l) and Na (mean 49 mg/l) for TSW, and is associated with calcite dissolution resulting in pH buffering. The pyrite oxidation required for the formation of Ca SO4 type water was enhanced by the diffusion of oxygenated air through the fractures related to the tunnel's construction. The subsequent outgassing of CO2 into the tunnel resulted in precipitation of iron‐bearing carbonate. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial variability of hillslope water balance, wolf creek basin, subarctic yukon
Authors: Carey Sean K. , Woo Ming‐ko 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA hydrological study was conducted between 1997 and 1999 in the subalpine open woodland of the Wolf Creek Basin, Yukon, to assess the interslope water balance variability. The water balance during the snowmelt and summer periods on four hillslopes revealed strong contrasts in process magnitudes and highlighted important factors including frost, vegetation, soils and microclimate that controlled vertical and lateral fluxes of water. Snow accounted for approximately half the annual water input, while differences in accumulation among hillslopes were related to interception properties of vegetation. Available energy at the snow surface controlled the melt sequence and the snow on some slopes disappeared up to two months earlier than others. Snowmelt runoff was confined to slopes with ice‐rich substrates that inhibited deep percolation, with the runoff magnitude governed by the snow storage and the antecedent moisture of the desiccated organic soils prior to melt. During summer, evapotranspiration exceeded rainfall, largely sustained by water from the soil moisture reservoir recharged during the melt period. Differences in net radiation on slopes controlled the potential evapotranspiration, with the actual rates limited by the phenology of the deciduous forests and shrubs. Evapotranspiration was further suppressed on slopes where the organic soils became dry in late summer. Summer runoff was confined to slopes with porous organic layers overlying mineral soils to form a two‐layer flow system: (1) quickflow in the surface organic layer and (2) slowflow in the mineral soil. Differences in the rates of flow were related to the position of the water table which may rise into the organic layer to activate quickflow. The presence of ice‐rich frost and permafrost impeded vertical drainage and indirectly regulated the position of the water table. The location of the hillslope within a basin influenced recharge and discharge dynamics. Slope segments with large inflows sustained discharge throughout the summer to enhance basin runoff. In this way, the present study provides insight into basin hydrology. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Winter habitat assessment strategies and incorporation of winter habitat in the Norwegian habitat assessment tools
Authors: Alfredsen Knut , Tesaker Einar 
Published: August 2002

AbstractApplications of computer programs in the assessment of how a change in discharge, temperature and other physical conditions affects the available fish habitat are increasing around the world. The programs are typically used as tools for setting minimum flow regimes in regulated rivers and in habitat remedial actions. So far most of these applications have been concerned with warm water and summer conditions, and few applications incorporate winter temperatures and ice conditions. This is a flaw in the current procedure since winter may be the limiting period for fish production in a river and the introduction of ice may completely alter the available fish habitat compared to summer conditions. It is particularly important to be aware of this when carrying out habitat remedial actions, since short periods with adverse winter conditions may be the limiting factor for the fish population. A winter habitat assessment procedure will include a study of fish behaviour in winter conditions, the effects of various ice types on habitat selection and the dynamics of ice breakup on the microscale. This paper outlines how fish respond to winter conditions and how hydraulic, hydrologic and biological modelling can be applied to describe winter conditions and their impact on physical fish habitat. Some of these processes are currently being incorporated into the Norwegian habitat modelling system. This paper also points out several areas where more research is needed to describe the physical processes and the biological responses to a changing environment. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Different pattern of loss of heterozygosity among endocervical‐type adenocarcinoma, endometrioid‐type adenocarcinoma and adenoma malignum of the uterine cervix
Authors: Tsuda Hitoshi , Takarabe Teruko , Okada Satoshi , Uchida Hiroshi , Kasamatsu Takahiro , Yamada Takuro , Tsunematsu Ryuichiro , Ohmi Kazuo , Hirohashi Setsuo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIt is unclear which chromosome arms frequently show loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. To identify such chromosomal arms, LOH on 52 different chromosome loci was examined using laser capture microdissection and PCR‐LOH analysis in 25 common‐type adenocarcinomas, comprising 13 cases of endocervical type, 12 cases of endometrioid type and 7 cases of adenoma malignum without the component of conventional endocervical‐type adenocarcinoma (designated as “pure” form). In adenocarcinomas of endocervical type and endometrioid type, LOH was commonly detected on chromosome arms 17p (62% and 50%, respectively), 1p (33% and 67%) and 22q (40% and 33%). In addition, endocervical‐type adenocarcinoma frequently (≥30%) showed LOH on 18p (71%), 19q (50%), 19p (38%) and 16q (38%), whereas endometrioid‐type adenocarcinoma frequently showed LOH on 10q (43%) and 5q (40%). LOH was only sporadically detected on 9q, 18q, or 21q in 3 of 7 cases of “pure” adenoma malignum. In a case of coexistence of “pure” adenoma malignum and adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), LOH on 1q, 5p, 11p, 17p, 18p and 18q was detected only in AIS. LOH was accumulated on a number of chromosome arms in the adenocarcinoma at the early developmental stage before stromal invasion. Chromosomal arms that are prone to show LOH appeared to differ between the 2 types of cervical adenocarcinoma. We could suggest that “pure” adenoma malignum is of clonal and neoplastic nature in view of the detection of LOH. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of transforming growth factor‐β1 and tumour necrosis factor‐α on cultured fibroblasts from skin fibroma as modulated by toremifene
Authors: Lilli Cinzia , Marinucci Lorella , Bellocchio Silvia , Ribatti Domenico , Balducci Chiara , Baroni Tiziano , Cagini Lucio , Giustozzi Giammario , Locci Paola 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo determine how toremifene, an anti‐oestrogen triphenylethylene derivate, reduces tumour mass, we investigated its modulation of TGF‐β1 and TNF‐α in fibroma fibroblasts. Normal and fibroma fibroblasts, isolated from patients affected by Gardner's syndrome without or with fibroma manifestation, were cultured in vitro. Secretion of GAG, collagen and TGF‐β1 was increased in fibroma fibroblasts compared to healthy cells. The increase in TGF‐β1 secretion into the medium was associated with a parallel increase in TGF‐β1 gene expression and receptor number. Receptor cross‐linking studies using radiolabelled TGF‐β1 revealed more receptors, particularly types I and II, in fibroma fibroblasts than in normal cells. Normal and fibroma fibroblasts did not synthesise TNF‐α, but they had TNF‐α membrane receptors, as shown by TNF‐α assay. TNF‐α secreted by human monocytes, which may be present in the peritumoral area, increased cell proliferation and GAG accumulation and was, in turn, enhanced by TGF‐β1 treatment. Both growth factors increased angiogenesis, as shown by the CAM assay. Toremifene reduced TGF‐β1 secretion by fibroma fibroblasts and TNF‐α secretion by monocytes, thus downregulating cell proliferation, ECM macromolecule accumulation and angiogenic progression. We hypothesise that increased TGF‐β1 gene expression and TGF‐β1 secretion in fibroma fibroblasts as well as the subsequent rise in TNF‐α production by monocytes may facilitate fibroma growth and that toremifene inhibits autocrine and paracrine growth factor production. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enzymatic oxidation products of spermine induce greater cytotoxic effects on human multidrug‐resistant colon carcinoma cells (LoVo) than on their wild‐type counterparts
Authors: Calcabrini Annarica , Arancia Giuseppe , Marra Manuela , Crateri Pasqualina , Befani Olivia , Martone Alessandro , Agostinelli Enzo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe occurrence of resistance to cytotoxic agents in tumor cells, associated with several phenotypic alterations, is one of the major obstacles to successful anticancer chemotherapy. A new strategy to overcome MDR of human cancer cells was studied, using BSAO, which generates cytotoxic products from spermine, H2O2 and aldehyde(s). The involvement of these products in causing cytotoxicity was investigated in both drug‐sensitive (LoVo WT) and drug‐resistant (LoVo DX) colon adenocarcinoma cells. Evaluation of clonogenic cell survival showed that LoVo DX cells are more sensitive than LoVo WT cells. Fluorometric assay and treatments performed in the presence of catalase demonstrated that the cytotoxicity was due mainly to the presence of H2O2. Cytotoxicity was eliminated in the presence of both catalase and ALDH. Transmission electron microscopic observations showed more pronounced mitochondrial modifications in drug‐resistant than in drug‐sensitive cells. Mitochondrial functionality studies performed by flow cytometry after JC‐1 labeling revealed basal hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial membrane in LoVo DX cells. After treatment with BSAO and spermine, earlier and higher mitochondrial membrane depolarization was found in LoVo DX cells than in drug‐sensitive cells. In addition, higher basal ROS production in LoVo DX cells than in drug‐sensitive cells was detected by flow‐cytometric analysis, suggesting increased mitochondrial activity in drug‐resistant cells. Our results support the hypothesis that mitochondrial functionality affects the sensitivity of cells to the cytotoxic enzymatic oxidation products of spermine, which might be promising anticancer agents, mainly against drug‐resistant tumor cells. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High expression of tumor‐associated antigen RCAS1 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is an unfavorable prognostic marker
Authors: Hiraoka Kei , Hida Yasuhiro , Miyamoto Masaki , Oshikiri Taro , Suzuoki Masato , Nakakubo Yoshihiro , Shinohara Toshiya , Itoh Tomoo , Shichinohe Toshiaki , Kondo Satoshi , Kasahara Noriyuki , Katoh Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRCAS1 (receptor‐binding cancer antigen expressed on SiSo cells) is a recently identified human tumor‐associated antigen expressed on various cancer cells. It is thought that tumor cells evade immune surveillance by expression of RCAS1, which induces apoptotic cell death in receptor‐positive immune cells. The purpose of our study was to investigate the relation between RCAS1 expression and the clinicopathological variables and clinical outcome in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemical analysis for RCAS1 was performed on paraffin‐embedded specimens of 80 patients (mean age, 62 years) who underwent surgical resection for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Of the 80 specimens, 77 (96%) were positive for RCAS1. No significant correlation was found between RCAS1 expression and age, gender, depth of invasion, tumor diameter, surgical margin, lymphatic invasion, venous invasion or histopathological grading. Borderline correlations between RCAS1 expression were noted for lymph node metastasis and stage (p = 0.0608 and 0.0934, respectively). RCAS1 expression was very frequently observed and the survival of patients with high RCAS1 expression was significantly shorter than that of those with low expression (p = 0.0012). Multivariate analysis using the Cox regression model indicated that high RCAS1 expression was an independent prognostic factor (risk ratio, 3.090; p = 0.0090). These results suggested that RCAS1 might be a significant tumor marker for pancreatic adenocarcinoma and an unfavorable predictor for prognosis of patients who have undergone surgical resection. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.