bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Field-Collected and AGDISP-Predicted Spray Flux from an Aerial Application
Authors: Hoffmann WC 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
As computer models are increasingly being integrated into modern agricultural operations, the comparison of field-collected data to the model prediction improves the confidence that aerial applicators, researchers, and regulators have in the model. The field-collected data were compared to the AGDISP model predictions for the tests conducted in soybeans and cotton and over a concrete runway on two different days. The meteorological effects on spray movement were then explored by analyzing individual replications in the spray trials. The effect of varying the surface roughness coefficient over the range of values for bare ground (i.e., runways) in the AGDISP model on downwind spray movement was determined. The final analyses presented showed the dramatic decrease in downwind spray movement as a result of increasing canopy height as predicted by the AGDISP model.
The AGDISP model predicted 1–6 times higher levels of spray materials than that measured by field samplers. The model predictions were 1–3 times greater than the field collected data in the runway studies and 2–6 times greater in the canopy studies. Surface roughness coefficients over bare ground had minimal impacts as predicted by the AGDISP model. When the actual weather conditions of one of the treatments in this study were input into the AGDISP model, a 1.5 m/s increase in wind speed resulted in a 100% increase in the spray flux at 50 m from the application site. When crop height inputs into the AGDISP model were changed from 0.3 m to 1.3 m, the spray flux decreased by 20-fold, demonstrating the dramatic filtering effect that a canopy can have on a spray cloud and will serve as a stimulus for future studies designed to fully characterize the effect of crop canopy on spray movement.
Flight Line Variability in Rotary Atomizer Drop Size Distribution
Authors: Teske ME , Thistle HW , Reardon RC , Davies DC , Cormier G , Cameron RS , LeClerc MY , Karipot A 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
An extensive data set generated with a highly instrumented aircraft provides 0.2-s interval data of aircraft and mechanical release system behavior during aerial application. These unique data previously provided an excellent source of information on the variability of aerial application parameters along individual flight lines and enabled a sensitivity analysis to bound the variability in the expected deposition patterns. They also showed how this variability might impact any error bounds established around the time-averaged predictions generated by the AGDISP model. This paper quantifies the variability in the drop size distribution generated by the rotary atomizers and makes suggestions with regard to possible implications of this variability on the variability of deposition predictions across any spray application involving their use. The measured variability may not be unique to rotary atomizers, as a sensitivity study of hydraulic atomizers gives similar results.
Opportunities for Standardization of Beryllium Sampling and Analysis
Authors: Brisson MJ , Ekechukwu AA , Ashley K , Jahn SD 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Since the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) published the DOE Beryllium Rule (10 CFR 850) in 1999, DOE sites have been required to measure beryllium in air filter and surface wipe samples for purposes of worker protection and for release of materials from beryllium-controlled areas. Measurements in the nanogram range on a filter or wipe are typically required. Industrial hygiene laboratories have applied methods from various analytical compendia, and a number of issues have emerged concerning sampling and analysis practices. As a result, a committee of analytical chemists, industrial hygienists, and laboratory managers was formed in November 2003 to address the issues. The committee developed a baseline questionnaire and distributed it to DOE sites and other agencies in the U.S., Canada, and the U.K. The results of the questionnaire are presented in this paper. These results confirmed that a wide variety of practices was in use in the areas of sampling, sample preparation, and analysis. Additionally, although these laboratories are generally accredited by the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA), there are inconsistencies in execution among accredited laboratories. As a result, there are significant opportunities for development of standard methods that could improve consistency. The current availabilities and needs for standard methods are further discussed in a companion paper.
Alkaloid Content of the Seeds from Erythroxylum Coca var. Coca
Authors: Casale JF , Toske SG , Colley VL 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Alkaloid extracts from the seeds of Erythroxylum Coca var. Coca grown in the Chapare Valley of Bolivia were subjected to gas and liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric analyses. Several alkaloids from these seeds were detected and characterized, including methylecgonidine, tropine, 3α-acetoxytropane, ecgonine methyl ester, cuscohygrine, N-norbenzoyltropine, benzoyltropine, hexanoylecgonine methyl ester, cocaine, cis-cinnamoylcocaine, and trans-cinnamoylcocaine. Methylecgonidine was determined to be the primary constituent and not an analytical artifact. Additionally, two significant new uncharacterized alkaloids were established as present. Recent evidence suggests that some cocaine processors are adding this seed extraction material to cocaine extracted from coca leaf and may impact cocaine impurity signature profiles.
Drug Smuggling Using Clothing Impregnated with Cocaine
Authors: McDermott SD , Power JD 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
A case study is presented where a woman travelling from South America to the Republic of Ireland was detained at Dublin Airport and articles of clothing she had in her luggage were found to be impregnated with cocaine. The study shows that the amount of powder recovered from the garments was approximately 14% of the total weight of the garments. The cocaine was in the form of cocaine hydrochloride and the purity was approximately 80%. An examination of the garments under filtered light highlighted the areas exposed to cocaine and indicated that the method of impregnation was by pouring liquid containing cocaine onto the clothing.
Autosomal STR Frequencies in Afghanistan Population
Authors: Berti A , Barni F , Virgili A , Iacovacci G , Franchi C , Rapone C , Di Carlo A , Oddo CM , Lago G 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Buccal cells were collected by buccal brushes (Sterile Omni Swab, Whatman International Ltd.) from healthy, random Afghanian individuals. DNA was extracted by Chelex method (1). DNA samples were quantified using AmpFℓSTR® Quantifiler (Ap plied Biosystems, Foster City, CA) by Real time 7000 (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA), one nanogram of the samples obtained from the previous phase was amplified by GeneAmp® PCR System 9600 (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). Simultaneous amplifications of 16 STRs loci (multiplexed PCR) were performed by using AmpFℓSTR® Identifiler™ (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA) according to the user manual recommendations (2).
Long-Term Testing of Trenchless Pipe Liners
Authors: Barbero E , Rangarajan S 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Due to increasing costs and inconveniences in replacing deteriorated sewer pipelines by conventional excavation methods, the trenchless or “no-dig” technology is being used extensively. In this manuscript, a testing method is proposed to determine the long-term creep behavior of encased polymer and felt-reinforced polymer liners used in sewer rehabilitation. Long-term tests are conducted on liner samples encased in steel pipes, installed by the industries participating in the research project. The thicknesses of the polymer liners are selected according to the typical use of each product in the field. Three samples each of five liner materials are tested under constant external hydrostatic pressure to find their long-term structural properties. A pressure regulator, pressure transducer, and several pressure gages at different points in the water line are used to maintain constant hydraulic pressure in the gap between the steel host and the polymer liner. A method is proposed for sealing the ends of the encased liner samples for testing. The long-term creep data are collected with strain gages bonded along the inner circumference of the liner and connected to a data acquisition system (DAS). A data reduction method is proposed to separate the membrane and bending strains in order to compute the creep compliance. The temperature of the liners is monitored continuously with the use of a thermocouple. The strain data collected from the DAS are compensated for differences in temperature throughout the period of testing, initial deformation, and coefficient of thermal expansion. Several viscoelastic models are investigated in order to fit the data. The data are used to predict the long-term modulus used in the design of trenchless rehabilitation projects.
Investigations of Testing Methodology in Wood Abrasion Tests Promoted with Loose Abrasive Grains
Authors: Ohtani T , Kamasaki K 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
The wear properties for wood were examined using 2-body and 3-body abrasion tests. The testing methodologies were designed so that the results from the two methods could be compared. The results showed that the 3-body abrasive wear rate for the axial, radial, and tangential sections dispersed at higher applied surface pressures. As a result, the 3-body abrasion test did not wear continuously, unlike the 2-body abrasion test at equivalent applied surface pressures. The critical value below which the 3-body abrasion test is valid could be estimated by the applied surface pressure and the wood specimen's and the counterface material's yield stresses. The number of contacting abrasive grains in the valid region of the 3-body abrasion test was found to agree approximately with that of 2-body abrasion. However, when the 3-body abrasion test was conducted above the critical value, the number of contacting abrasive grains decreased with repeated friction.
Theoretical predictions of hydrolysis and complex formation of group-4 elements Zr, Hf and Rf in HF and HCl solutions
Authors: Pershina Valeria , Trubert D. , Le Naour C. , Kratz Jens Volker 
Published: September 2005

SummaryFully relativistic molecular density–functional calculations of the electronic structures of hydrated, hydrolyzed and fluoride/chloride complexes have been performed for group–4 elements Zr, Hf, and element 104, Rf. Using the electronic density distribution data, relative values of the free energy change for hydrolysis and complex formation reactions were defined. The results show the following trend for the first hydrolysis step of the cationic species: Zr > Hf > Rf in agreement with experiments. For the complex formation in HF solutions, the trend to a decrease from Zr to Hf is continued with Rf, provided no hydrolysis takes place. At pH > 0, further fluorination of hydrolyzed species or fluoro–complexes has an inversed trend in the group Rf ≥ Zr > Hf, with the difference between the elements being very small. For the complex formation in HCl solutions, the trend is continued with Rf, so that Zr > Hf > Rf independently of pH. A decisive energetic factor in hydrolysis or complex formation processes proved to be a predominant electrostatic metal–ligand interaction. Trends in theKd(distribution coefficient) values for the group–4 elements are expected to follow those of the complex formation.
Current Knowledge and Future Directions of the Selective Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors Erlotinib (Tarceva®) and Gefitinib (Iressa®)
Authors: Siegel-Lakhai Wandena S. , Beijnen Jos H. , Schellens Jan H.M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe CME activity for this article is forthcoming.Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 hour of AMA PRA category 1 credit at CME.TheOncologist.comGefitinib (Iressa®; AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE, http://www.astrazeneca-us.com) and erlotinib (Tarceva®; OSI Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Melville, NY, http://www.osip.com) are so-called small molecules that selectively inhibit epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase activity. Both drugs received registration approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the second- and third-line treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but the failure of gefitinib to show a survival advantage over placebo has resulted in a discussion about the registration of gefitinib. Recently published results have revealed that mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of EGFR are strongly associated with increased gefitinib and erlotinib sensitivity in patients with advanced NSCLC. Here, we present the current knowledge and the future directions of the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors gefitinib and erlotinib.
Clinical Pharmacology Issues Relevant to the Dosing and Toxicity of Chemotherapy Drugs in the Elderly
Authors: Wasil Tarun , Lichtman Stuart M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractLearning ObjectivesAfter completing this course, the reader will be able to: Describe pharmacokinetic changes associated with aging.Describe concepts of geriatric assessment.Describe the treatment of common malignancies in the elderly with emphasis on pharmacokinetic change.Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 hour of AMA PRA category 1 credit at CME.TheOncologist.comPersons over the age of 65 years are the fastest growing segment of the U.S. population. In the next 30 years, they will comprise more than 20% of the population. Fifty percent of all cancers occur in this age group, and therefore, there is an expected rise in the total cancer burden. Data are becoming available that will better guide the use of chemotherapy in the older patient population. In this paper, information regarding age-related physiologicchanges and their relationship to pharmacology, functional status, and hematopoiesis is presented. The adjuvant treatment of breast and colon cancer, as well as the primary therapy of aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma is reviewed. The treatment of more advanced breast, ovarian, and non-small cell lung cancer is also discussed.
Lymphomas and Chylous Ascites: Review of the Literature
Authors: Almakdisi Tony , Massoud Samuel , Makdisi George 
Published: September 2005

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Describe how common medical diseases can cause chylous ascites.Interpret the chylous ascites fluids analysis.Manage chylous ascites based on ethiology.
Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 hour of AMA PRA category 1 credit at CME.TheOncologist.com
Chylous ascites is a rare and challenging clinical condition that occurs as a result of disruption of the abdominal lymphatics. We include a review of the literature describing the etiology, diagnosis, and therapy of chylous ascites.
Update: Laughter: The Best Medicine?
Authors: Penson Richard T. , Partridge Rosamund A. , Rudd Pandora , Seiden Michael V. , Nelson Jill E. , Chabner Bruce A. , Lynch Thomas J. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractLearning ObjectivesAfter completing this course, the reader will be able to: Appreciate the impact of humor in the interaction between patients and caregivers.Understand the literature and evidence base for the positive and negative roles of humor in oncology.Better connect with patients.Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 hour of AMA PRA category 1 credit at CME.TheOncologist.comShortly before his death in 1995, Kenneth B. Schwartz, a cancer patient at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) founded The Kenneth B. Schwartz Center at MGH. The Schwartz Center is a nonprofit organization dedicated to supporting and advancing compassionate health care delivery, which provides hope to the patient and support to caregivers and encourages the healing process. The center sponsors the Schwartz Center Rounds, a monthly multidisciplinary forum where caregivers reflect on important psychosocial issues faced by patients, their families, and their caregivers, and gain insight and support from fellow staff members. The diagnosis of cancer is incredibly stressful, and treatments are arduous. Humor may help to ease the pain, show the human side of the health care team, and help everyone cope. Whether the patient uses humor to lighten the mood of a difficult consultation with their physician, or health care workers use it to help cheer each other through the day, humor and laughter can be valuable tools. Humor can soften the isolation experienced by both patients and staff. When used sensitively, respecting the gravity of the situation, humor can build the connection among the caregiver, patient, and family. However, insensitive joking is offensive and distressing, and experience suggests a variable acceptance of humor by patients with life-threatening illnesses, making humor a high-risk strategy, and it can be a pejorative maker of an adversive power differential. The medical literature contains little on humor, and very little research has been conducted on this common aspect of human communication. Through an examination of physician and nurse experiences, the role of humor in medicine is reviewed.
A CTLA4high genotype is associated with myasthenia gravis in thymoma patients
Authors: Chuang Wen‐Yu , Ströbel Philipp , Gold Ralf , Nix Wilfred , Schalke Berthold , Kiefer Reinhard , Opitz Andreas , Klinker Erdwine , Müller‐Hermelink Hans K. , Marx Alexander 
Published: September 2005

AbstractMyasthenia gravis (MG) in thymoma patients depends critically on intratumorous generation and export of mature autoreactive CD4+ T cells. Why non‐MG thymomas fail to produce CD4+ T cells is unknown. We studied three single‐nucleotide polymorphisms of the cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte–associated antigen 4(CTLA4) gene in thymoma patients, nonthymoma early‐onset MG patients, and control subjects. Surprisingly, the CTLA4high genotype +49A/A, which is protective against several autoimmune diseases, exerted a prominent predisposing effect to paraneoplastic MG in thymoma patients. The unusual disease association with a CTLA4high genotype implies a unique pathogenesis of paraneoplastic MG, with high CTLA4 levels possibly supporting the nontolerogenic selection of CD4+ T cells in MG‐associated thymomas. Ann Neurol 2005;58:644–648
Paraneoplastic encephalitis, psychiatric symptoms, and hypoventilation in ovarian teratoma
Authors: Vitaliani Roberta , Mason Warren , Ances Beau , Zwerdling Theodore , Jiang Zhilong , Dalmau Josep 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe report four young women who developed acute psychiatric symptoms, seizures, memory deficits, decreased level of consciousness, and central hypoventilation associated with ovarian teratoma (OT) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inflammatory abnormalities. Three patients recovered with treatment of the tumor or immunosuppression and one died of the disorder. Five other OT patients with a similar syndrome and response to treatment have been reported. Our patients' serum or CSF showed immunolabeling of antigens that were expressed at the cytoplasmic membrane of hippocampal neurons and processes and readily accessed by antibodies in live neurons. Immunoprobing of a hippocampal‐expression library resulted in the isolation of EFA6A, a protein that interacts with a member of the two‐pore‐domain potassium channel family and is involved in the regulation of the dendritic development of hippocampal neurons. EFA6A‐purified antibodies reproduced the hippocampal immunolabeling of all patients' antibodies and colocalized with them at the plasma membrane. These findings indicate that in a young woman with acute psychiatric symptoms, seizures, and central hypoventilation, a paraneoplastic immune‐mediated syndrome should be considered. Recognition of this disorder is important because despite the severity of the symptoms, patients usually recover. The location and function of the isolated antigen suggest that the disorder is directly mediated by antibodies. Ann Neurol 2005;58:594–604
Systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: Cognitive function and social adjustment
Authors: Feldmann Reinhold , Weglage Josef , Roth Johannes , Foell Dirk , Frosch Michael 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIn contrast with other systemic rheumatic diseases in childhood, no systematic studies exist that focus on possible long‐term risks for central nervous system involvement in systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (SJRA). We investigated 31 children and adolescents with SJRA, aged 6 to 24 years (mean, 12.5 years; standard deviation, 4.3 years), with mean disease duration of 6.2 years (standard deviation, 3.5 years; range, 0.6–14 years) for their cognitive and fine motor abilities. We also examined 31 matched healthy control subjects. In addition, parents assessed social activities and social and emotional problems in their children. Patients and control subjects performed within normal limits of intelligence quotient, memory and learning, attention, and fine motor scores. Less social activities were reported for patients. Patients and control subjects, however, had normal social and emotional problem scores. SJRA, although a burdensome chronic disease, is not associated with cognitive impairment or increased social and emotional problems. Cognitive performance and social adjustment of young patients with SJRA are not affected by disease activity and duration. Ann Neurol 2005;58:605–609
Interactive and dynamic visualizations in teaching and learning of anatomy: A cognitive load perspective
Authors: Khalil Mohammed K. , Paas Fred , Johnson Tristan E. , Payer Andrew F. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWith the increasing use of computers in the classroom and the advancement of information technology, a requirement to investigate and evaluate different strategies for the presentation of verbal information in interactive and dynamic visualizations has risen to a high level of importance. There is a need for research efforts that apply cognitive load theory (CLT), cognitive learning strategies, and established principles of multimedia design to conduct empirical research that will add to our knowledge of designing and developing dynamic visualizations for teaching and learning anatomy. The impact of improved teaching and learning of anatomical sciences and the development of a set of guiding principles to facilitate the design and development of effective dynamic visualizations represent a significant achievement for medical education with wide application. This theoretical paper presents the foundations of CLT, cognitive learning strategies, and principles of multimedia design to guide the needed research on dynamic visualizations. Anat Rec (Part B: New Anat) 286B:8–14, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.